PMID- 152795
TI  - B lymphocyte subpopulations separated by velocity sedimentation. I.
      Characterization of immune function in an in vitro splenic focus assay.

PMID- 152796
TI  - Inhibition of immunospecific inactivation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B
      bacteriophage conjugate by bovine antibodies: a sensitive assay for
      staphylococcal enterotoxin B.

PMID- 152797
TI  - Lymphoblastoid cells as stimulators in mixed lymphocyte reactions in medium with
      bovine serum albumin.

PMID- 152798
TI  - [Effects of cold coronary perfusion on hypertrophied myocardium (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 152799
TI  - The disturbance of oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria by the
      carcinogens 12-hydroxystearic acid and its methyl ester.
AB  - In a search to determine common molecular features in potential carcinogenic
      dietary fatty acids, Swern et al. (1970) found that 12-hydroxystearic acid and
      its methyl ester were carcinogenic. This was surprising to Swern et al. (1970)
      and Van Duuren et al. (1972), as it was not readily apparent how such agents
      could be converted to alkylating agents. We have observed that the carcinogens 12
      hydroxystearic acid and its methyl ester disrupted oxidative phosphorylation in
      rat liver mitochondria. The in vitro mitochondrial effects induced by the agents
      included: a) uncoupled respiration, b) ATPase activity, c) energized volume
      changes linked either to respiration or ATP. Mitochondria mediated the enzymic
      conversion of the ester to the acid. Conversion was retarded by the thiol reagent
      showdomycin. These data in conjuction with our previous reports dealing with
      other carcinogens and their derivatives contribute to an experimental confluence
      between oxidative phosphorylation and chemical carcinogenesis.

PMID- 152800
TI  - Peripheral human T cells sensitized in mixed leukocyte culture synthesize and
      express Ia-like antigens.
AB  - We have studied the modulation of Ia-like antigens on the surface membrane of
      human T cells responding in a one-way mixed leukocyte culture. A heterologous
      antiserum, (anti-p23,30), which is specific to HLA-D-related antigens and which
      is unreactive with normal peripheral T cells or thymocytes, was found to bind
      significantly to all T cells transformed in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) as
      determined by indirect immunofluorescence on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter
      1. Furthermore, cytotoxic T cells responsible for cell-mediated lympholysis were
      shown to react with anti-p23,30, whereas their unactivated progenitors did not.
      Immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      of a radioactive 29,000 and 34,000 dalton complex from MLC-primed T cells labeled
      with [35S]methionine indicated that allosensitized T cells synthesized these HLA
      D-related antigens.

PMID- 152801
TI  - Cross-reactive cytotoxic responses. H-2 restricted are more specific than anti-H
      2 responses.
AB  - Cross-reactive T-cell cytotoxicity is seen when cytotoxic responses are generated
      in mixed lymphocyte cultures either between mouse strans which differ at the
      major histocompatibility complex, H-2, or between H-2b mutant strains and the
      strain from which they were derived. This cross-reactivity can be measured with
      [51Cr] labeled target cells from a number of different H-2 haplotypes, and the
      pattern of cross-reaction indicates that the target antigens are unlikely to be
      any of the serologically defined public specificities. In contrast, the
      specificity of H-2 restricted cytotoxic responses, such as that to the male
      specific antigen, H-Y, is exquisite, and male cells from strains of mice carrying
      H-2 haplotypes other than the responder have never been found to act as
      appropriate targets. The contrast between the specificity of anti-H-2 and H-2
      restricted responses may argue for a greater idiotypic homogeneity of the cells
      makiing H-2 restricted responses, and the greater specificity of these responses
      may be necessary for their biological function.

PMID- 152802
TI  - Host antigen as the sulphated moiety of influenza virus haemagglutinin.
AB  - Inorganic sulphate (35S) was incorporated into the haemagglutinin molecule of
      A/Memphis/1/71 (H3N2) influenza virus when a keratosulphate-like host antigen was
      also incorporated into the glycoproteins of virus grown in the chorioallantoic
      membrane of the embryonated hen's egg. Little or no 35S-sulphate was incorporated
      when this hose antigen was not present in the glycoproteins of virus grown in
      chick embryo kidney cells or in the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated duck
      eggs. The presence of the keratosulphate-like host antigen was required for the
      stability of the haemagglutinin molecule in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The
      haemagglutinin molecules from virus grown in hens' eggs were stable in SDS,
      whereas those from virus grown in duck eggs or in chick embryo kidney cells were
      not and could not be isolated on cellulose acetate. Chemical analysis showed that
      there were 87 glucosamine residues and three molecules of sulphate per
      haemagglutinin subunit as calculated for a trimer molecule having a mol. wt. of
      200 000. There was one sulphate molecule per HA1 polypeptide chain and this was
      associated with the slowest migrating carbohydrate-protein complex of an HA1
      tryptic digest separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 152803
TI  - The effect of a high level of dietary leucine on the niacin status of dogs.
AB  - Two feeding trials were designed to precipitate niacin deficiency in puppies
      receiving low levels of niacin by adding 15 g/kg supplementary l-leucine to a
      diet containing 180 g/kg casein. We failed to produce such an effect and, as
      niacin levels were gradually reduced, the times at which control dogs became
      deficient (and then responded to injections of the vitamin) were not
      significantly different from those for dogs receiving the leucine supplement.
      Differences between the conditions of our experiments and of the experiment in
      which this effect was found are discussed. Two pairs of littermates in trial 2
      died suddenly while apparently in fairly good condition, but revealing fatty
      livers and/or changes in heart muscle on autopsy. Similar observations have been
      reported by others using purified diets with dogs over long periods; there is no
      certain explanation.

PMID- 152804
TI  - Early effects of vitamin A toxicity on hepatic glycolysis in rat.
AB  - Vitamin A toxicity, caused by oral administration of 30,000 IU of vitamin A
      (retinyl palmitate) to young rats (70 to 90 g) once daily for 2 days, increased
      the levels of lipids, glycogen, and citrate in the liver. Furthermore,
      hypervitaminosis A decreased the activities of two key hepatic glycolytic
      enzymes, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, without affecting those of
      hexokinase and glucokinase. It is suggested, therefore, that in addition to the
      increased activities of key gluconeogenic enzymes, reported earlier, a marked
      decrease in the activities of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase and
      elevated level of citrate in the liver could account for the enhanced
      gluconeogenesis in hypervitaminosis A.

PMID- 152805
TI  - Neonatal islet cell transplantation in the diabetic rat: effect on the renal
      complications.
AB  - PVG/C rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin and after 1 mth received a
      single intraperitoneal transplant of isogeneic collagenase digested pancreatic
      tissue. Renal changes have been studied in transplanted and control diabetic rats
      using light and electron microscopy and immunological techniques. Following
      transplantation, renal lesions did not increase in severity and progressive
      basement membrane thickening was prevented. Ultrastructurally many glomeruli
      showed a significant reduction in the mesangial matrix and the tubular and
      mesangial cell changes reverted to normal. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated
      a similar reduction in the glomerular deposits of IgG. Possibilities for the
      treatment of diabetes mellitus in human patients are discussed.

PMID- 152806
TI  - Ultrastructure of the skin of patients treated with sodium aurothiomalate.
AB  - Skin biopsies from cases of rheumatoid arthritis treated with sodium
      aurothiomalate were examined with the electron microscope. Intralysosomal gold
      deposits were found in the macrophages of both normal-looking skin and from areas
      of erythematous rash that had developed as a toxic manifestation of gold therapy.
      The main difference between affected and normal-looking skin was the presence of
      numerous mast cells in the former. It is hence suggested that the dermatologic
      side-effects of gold are probably mediated by the release of vasoactive
      substances from mast cells and that vigorous administration of antihistamines to
      neutralise the liberated products of mast cells or an agent that interferes with
      degranulation of mast cells might have a palliative effect on the skin rash that
      sometimes develops during chrysotherapy.

PMID- 152807
TI  - Prolactin in umbilical cord blood and the respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Prolactin was measured in umbilical cord serum obtained from 77 newborn infants
      of gestational age 28 to 40 weeks. A positive correlation with gestational age
      was demonstrated. Between 30 and 36 weeks of gestation the elevation of the
      regression line of the concentration of cord PRL versus gestation age was
      significantly lower (P less than 0.05) for those infants who developed
      respiratory distress syndrome compared to the regression line for infants who did
      not develop RDS. Between 32 and 33.5 weeks, the mean +/- SEM cord PRL
      concentration in infants who developed RDS (101.7 +/- 9.5 ng/ml) was
      significantly less (P less than 0.025) than the PRL concentration in those who
      did not develop RDS (161.8 +/- 18.9 ng/ml). Cord PRL did not correlate with cord
      cortisol or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations. Cord growth hormone
      concentrations did not show any relationship to the occurrence of RDS. Serum PRL
      was not suppressed in a further 114 infants whose mothers were treated prenatally
      with betamethasone. These findings raise the possibility of a role of PRL in
      fetal lung maturation.

PMID- 152808
TI  - Hypomorphic variant of C3, arthritis, and chronic glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Decreased synthesis (hypomorphism) of the fast variant of the third component of
      complement was detected in three generations of a family in which the propositus
      has an immune complex-type glomerulonephritis, arthritis, and a false positive
      test for syphilis. An affected sibling has bursitis, hematuria, and proteinuria.
      Decreased serum C3 protein was detected in three of four and decreased C3H50 in
      four of four family members with this hypomorphic variant (C3f). This is the
      first association between C3f and immune complex-type disease.

PMID- 152809
TI  - Spindle afferent discharge during normal and obstructed movements in cats
      [proceedings].

PMID- 152811
TI  - Laparoscopy in primary amenorrhea.

PMID- 152810
TI  - Histological analysis of cat muscle spindles following direct observation of the
      effects of stimulating dynamic and static motor axons.
AB  - 1. Eleven cat tenuissimus spindles have been analysed mainly by cutting serial,
      transverse, 1 micrometer thick sections following direct observation of the
      effects of dynamic motor (gamma or beta) stimulation. 2. Histological results
      from these spindles were also used to interpret the effects of static fusimotor
      stimulation of other spindles. 3. Dynamic motor stimulation usually produced
      contractions seen as convergent movements of sarcomeres in single bag fibres,
      identified as bag1 fibres for reasons given in the text. 4. In one spindle a
      single dynamic axon produced a translational movement in one pole of a bag1 fibre
      and a convergent movement in each pole of a bag2 fibre, together with movements
      in other unidentified (presumably chain) fibres. Subsequent analysis showed that
      besides innervating both bag fibres the axon also supplied two chain fibres. 5.
      Contrary to expectation, motor endings on the bag1 fibres seldom occurred at the
      sites of convergent movement. Only two cases of coincidence occurred among
      sixteen foci and twenty-one motor endings; otherwise focus and nearest ending
      were separated by distances of 0.85--2.5 mm. 6. Most of the convergent movements
      of sarcomeres observed in bag1 fibres occurred in a region of the pole that is
      ultrastructurally distinct from the region where most of the motor endings were
      located. The possible relevance of this to the production of contractions in the
      bag1 fibre is discussed. 7. Convergent movement foci in bag2 fibres produced by
      the stimulation of static axons occurred largely within the same regions of the
      pole as the motor endings were located, though, whereas foci were observed in
      both intra- and extracapsular regions, most of the endings were intracapsular.

PMID- 152812
TI  - Inhibition of four human serine proteases by substituted benzamidines.
AB  - A series of substituted benzamidines has been examined for their inhibitory
      activity against the human serine proteases--trypsin, thrombin, plasmin, and C1s,
      a subunit of the first component of complement. The inhibition constants obtained
      for each enzyme were correlated with physical-chemical properties of the
      substituent group using the quantitative structure-activity relationship
      approach. This analysis indicated that plasmin and C1s are very similar in their
      interactions with substituted benzamidines. The binding of benzamidines in both
      enzymes was affected by electron donation from the substituent and its
      hydrophobicity. Thrombin-benzamidine interaction was affected only by the
      hydrophobicity of the substituent. Trypsin displayed a complex interaction with
      substituted benzamidines, and interaction was dependent on molar refractivity and
      molecular weight. Certain substituents deviated significantly from the
      interactions predicted by the analysis. These compounds, the (m- and p
      amidinophenyl)pyruvic acids, when analyzed by computer modeling, suggested that
      direct interaction between the substituent and the enzyme surface is important in
      assessing the effect of substituent groups on inhibitory activity.

PMID- 152813
TI  - Trichloroacetamidines, a new class of positive inotropic agents.
AB  - A series of trichloroacetamidine derivatives, obtained by addition of amines to
      trichloroacetonitrile, was evaluated for positive inotropic activity on isolated
      cat heart papillary muscles. Increased contractility, not antagonized by beta
      adrenergic blockade with sotalol or reserpine pretreatment, was observed in this
      assay with a variety of N-substituted trichloroacetamidine derivatives. More
      extensive pharmacological studies with the 3-indolylmethyl analogue 2 showed that
      this amidine in dogs, 5 mg/kg iv, produced a positive inotropic effect more
      pronounced than that of ouabain, 50 microgram/kg iv. Several of the
      trichloroacetamidines were found to be inhibitors of guinea pig kidney and calf
      heart Na-K-dependent ATPase and to have specificity for these enzymes different
      from that of ouabain. Bacterial mutagenic activity was observed with three
      members, 2,3, and 12, of the series.

PMID- 152814
TI  - Big heart, tongue, and kidneys--stiff intestines. The roentgenographic diagnosis
      of amyloidosis.

PMID- 152815
TI  - [HLA-D locus and human cell alloantigens].

PMID- 152816
TI  - [A probable case of acute dermatitis medicamentosa during the puerpereal period].

PMID- 152817
TI  - [Diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy by 201Tl-myocardial scintigraphy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 152818
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Assistance in weaning of a severely handicapped child reared
      with milk until 7 years of age].

PMID- 152819
TI  - Bacteriophage typing of canine staphylococci. III. Phage typing by use of canine
      phages with special reference to the epizootiology of staphylococcosis.

PMID- 152820
TI  - The absence of back pain in classical ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - Despite the early description of painless spinal ankylosis, the existence of a
      clinical subset of ankylosing spondylitis with silent axial disease has largely
      been overlooked. Of 45 patients who met Rome diagnostic criteria for ankylosing
      spondylitis, five denied ever having back pain either as an initial symptom or
      during the subsequent course of their illness. All had decreased lumbar spine
      motion and bilateral radiographic sacroiliitis of at least grade III severity.
      Chest expansion was decreased in four, and radiographic involvement of the
      cervical and lumbar spine was observed in three and two patients, respectively.
      There were no differences observed in sex or race distribution, or frequencies of
      peripheral arthritis, heel pain, acute uveitis, genito-urinary infection or HLA
      B27 positivity when these patients were compared with the remaining patients with
      back pain. These patients support the existence of a "latent" form of ankylosing
      spondylitis with silent axial disease.

PMID- 152821
TI  - [ECG signs of left ventricle hypertrophy in hypertension].

PMID- 152822
TI  - Transplant rejection in HLA-identical recipients.

PMID- 152823
TI  - [Andrei Ivanovich Bogatov (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 152825
TI  - [Status and prospects for the development of allergology in Uzbekistan].

PMID- 152824
TI  - Evidence of phospholipids and mucopolysaccharides in the cystic fluid from a
      patient with generalized tissue calcification.
AB  - Analyses of the cystic fluid from a patient with massive tissue calcification
      showed a significant amount of acid mucopolysaccharides (mainly hyaluronic acid)
      and phospholipid-polypeptide complexes. The possible role of those molecules in
      this type of calcinosis is discussed.

PMID- 152826
TI  - The occurrence in mice of facial and mandibular abscesses associated with
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Swellings affecting the face and jaws of a strain of outbred BSVS mice are
      described. The swellings consisted of multiple abscesses which were most commonly
      associated with the mandible. Staphylococcus aureus of a single phage type was
      isolated from the abscesses. It is suggested that the organisms gained entry
      through the oral mucosa.

PMID- 152827
TI  - Developmental restaging: meeting the mental health needs of handicapped students
      in the schools.

PMID- 152828
TI  - [Solar acne].
AB  - Acne solaris a form of acne that appears and relapses after sun exposure, is
      almost always itchy and is preferably localized on the upper anterior chest, the
      deltoid regions and the shoulders. The use of greasy or oily sun protectors helps
      in the obstructions of the follicular openings, which is seen in the tissue
      sections, presumably initiated by sun irradiation causing initially
      hyperkeratosis. The essential lesion is a small hemispheric or conic erythematous
      papule which may show a yellow point in its top. True comedos are not seen and
      compression after punction provokes the appearance of a yellow mass-essentially
      keratinic and sebaceous. The usual treatment of acne vulgaris is useful specially
      if a topical corticosteroid is associated. The systemic use of corticosteroids
      usually worsens the disease.

PMID- 152829
TI  - [The nitro-blue-tetrazolium test in acne vulgaris (9-12-77)].
AB  - 41 patients with different AV stages were studied with the quantitative NAT test.
      In those cases where there was an inflammatory process (stages III and IV) it was
      positive, while in was negative. The authors consider the relation between this
      test and the positive Lymphoblastic Transformation Test to PA, which makes
      evident a coordinate action of the immune specific system and the granulocytic
      one. This facts show that AV at the inflammatory stage is an immunologic systemic
      process and not only a local one.

PMID- 152830
TI  - Industrial roundup: know your rights when injured.

PMID- 152831
TI  - Epinephrine elevation in plasma parallels canine cardiac hypertrophy.

PMID- 152832
TI  - The abuse of psychiatric disability determinations.

PMID- 152834
TI  - [Gallbladder agenesis].

PMID- 152833
TI  - [A cyst of the spleen in a patient with schistosomiasis. Its detection by
      laparoscopy (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report the observation of a 23 years old man, who presented an
      urinary schistosomiasis (S. haematobium) and an intestinal schistosomiasis (S.
      mansoni). Important abdominal pains, and an enormous splenomegaly compressing
      stomach and colon, lead to a laparoscopy, which gave evidence of a big liquid
      cyst of the spleen. Its exeresis brought recovery.

PMID- 152835
TI  - Language instruction with severely, profoundly, and multi-handicapped students:
      two years of data.

PMID- 152836
TI  - Studies on the interference between the allergic reactions caused by different
      antigen-antibody systems.

PMID- 152837
TI  - [Device for the mass phage typing of staphylococci].

PMID- 152838
TI  - History of staphylococcal infection in Australia.

PMID- 152839
TI  - Value of manipulation.

PMID- 152840
TI  - [As to epicillin-exanthema in pediatry (author's transl)].

PMID- 152841
TI  - [Cardiac function in hypertension].

PMID- 152842
TI  - [Diurnal activity of burrow sandflies in Turkmenia].

PMID- 152843
TI  - Sisters of Mercy plan unprecedented $207-million tax-exempt bond issue.

PMID- 152844
TI  - X-ray competitors won't provide up-time warranty.

PMID- 152845
TI  - Federal CT guidelines too restrictive.

PMID- 152846
TI  - Funding problems frustrate planners.

PMID- 152847
TI  - Up to 80% savings on I.V. solutions available to large volume purchasers.

PMID- 152848
TI  - Ask more nurse education funding.

PMID- 152849
TI  - ANA plans separate practice levels.

PMID- 152850
TI  - Administrative expenses are twice as high at children's hospital facilities.

PMID- 152851
TI  - Can planners regulate competition?

PMID- 152852
TI  - Ronald houses go up across nation.

PMID- 152853
TI  - Equipment funding tight.

PMID- 152854
TI  - See prosperous 1979 for hospitals but 1980 could bring a recession.

PMID- 152855
TI  - What '79 forecasts mean to profits.

PMID- 152856
TI  - Management services demand to rise.

PMID- 152857
TI  - HSAs to scrutinize Con applications for equipment.

PMID- 152858
TI  - Few equipment hikes due.

PMID- 152859
TI  - See more healthcare regulation in '79.

PMID- 152860
TI  - Fight abortion mills.

PMID- 152861
TI  - Want more nurses? Make jobs more rewarding.

PMID- 152862
TI  - Inflation fight tightens money crunch.

PMID- 152863
TI  - Imprecise accounting to be used, court says.

PMID- 152864
TI  - Chains grow with unbundled services.

PMID- 152865
TI  - Customized method hikes Health Central's volume.

PMID- 152866
TI  - SHUR will require over 50 reports.

PMID- 152867
TI  - Physiology of cardiac tamponade and pulsus paradoxus. II: physiological,
      circulatory, and pharmacological responses in cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 152868
TI  - [Hypercalcemia therapy in malignant tumors].

PMID- 152869
TI  - The ratio of de novo unbalanced translocation to 47, trisomy 21 Down syndrome. A
      new method for human mutation surveillance and an apparent recent change in
      mutation rate resulting in human interchange trisomies in one jurisdiction.
AB  - The Down syndrome phenotype may be associated with, among other genotypes, an
      unbalanced Robertsonian translocation producing an "interchange trisomy" with 46
      chromosomes, or 47, trisomy 21. Translocations, like specificlocus point
      mutations, result from a direct change in structural chromosome elements. In
      contrast 47, trisomy 21 results from meiotic non-disjunction. Mutation rates for
      interchange trisomies may be followed indirectly by determining the ratio of
      instances of Down syndrome associated with a new translocation mutation to those
      produced by 47, trisomy 21, which accounts for the bulk of the Down syndrome
      phenotype. This genotypic ratio can be analyzed in data from cytogenetic
      laboratories, clinics, and chromosome registries and does not depend upon
      intensive chromosome screening of newborn populations. A similar approach can be
      adopted to follow trends in Patau syndrome. The genotypic ratio, stratified by
      maternal age, may in addition, provide a sentinel index for changes in human
      specific-locus mutations and perhaps other adverse health consequences. Analysis
      of data from the New York State-North-eastern chromosome registry revealed a two-
      to three-fold increase in the genotypic ratio for both Down syndrome and Patau
      syndrome for individuals born in 1973, 1974 and 1975 compared to those born in
      earlier years.

PMID- 152870
TI  - Cilia with defective radial spokes: a cause of human respiratory disease.
AB  - We studied the fine structure of respiratory-tract cilia in three siblings with
      chronic respiratory disease, comparing them with those from a patient with
      Kartagener's syndrome who had dynein-deficient cilia and with control patients
      who had chronic bronchitis or chronic sinusitis. Electron microscopy of the
      siblings revealed a new abnormality in the ciliary axoneme--namely, lack of the
      radial spokes. Their cilia showed an eccentric central pair of tubules but
      otherwise had a normal central sheath, outer-doublet microtubules, nexin links
      and dynein arms. The cilia were immotile. Mucociliary clearance was completely
      lacking in the three siblings and in the patient with Kartagener's syndrome, but
      was normal in their parents and unaffected siblings. Sperm from the male sibling
      showed identical structural abnormalities and were immotile. We consider the
      radial spoke defect to be the congenital anomaly responsible for dysfunction of
      the mucociliary clearance mechanism in these three patients and of the immotile
      sperm in one of the them. This defect is apparently another cause of the
      "immotilecilia syndrome."

PMID- 152871
TI  - [The superior facet syndrome--report of three cases and a review of the
      literature (author's transl)].
AB  - Within the past 6 months we paid special attention to the superior facet syndrome
      on examining the patients with lumbar pain at the outpatient clinic. Out of 264
      patients who complained of lumbago or sciatica, this syndrome was suspected in
      three patients and verified in all of them by operation. Neurologically it was
      difficult to differentiate this syndrome from disc protrusion or other related
      conditions. On the other hand, plain roentgenographic examinations were valuable:
      horizontal portion of the superior facet was larger and thicker than normal so
      that the a-p view of the lumbar spine showed a large bulbous processes joining in
      the frontal plane, and a narrowing of the interlaminal spaces was seen in some
      case. A differential diagnosis between this syndrome and the major type of lumbar
      canal stenosis can be made by means of dynamic myelography. Although the
      myelography with watersoluble contrast medium reveals nerve roots better than
      Myodil myelography, identification of the nerve roots at the lateral recesses is
      not necessarily easy, and the final diagnosis has to be made at operation.

PMID- 152872
TI  - Increased tilt-cage activity after serotonin depletion by 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine.

PMID- 152873
TI  - Effects of morphine on brainstem neurones in naive and chronic morphine-treated
      rats, and effects of PCPA.

PMID- 152874
TI  - [Critical evaluation of the use of laparoscopy in gynecological diagnosis].

PMID- 152875
TI  - [Laparascopy and ovarian biopsy as ovarian function studies in primary and
      secondary amenorrhea].

PMID- 152876
TI  - Industrial diseases and injuries. Medicolegal implications.

PMID- 152877
TI  - Chromosome studies of embryos from induced abortions in pregnant women age 35 and
      over.
AB  - Chromosome studies of embryos were done in  abortions induced at the early stage
      of pregnancy in women 35 years of age and older who had no signs of threatened or
      spontaneous abortions and were considered to have oocytes of an advanced age.
      Karyotypes were successfully determined in 256 cases and the results were as
      follows: a) 2 of 123 cases in 35- to 39-year-old women showed an incidence of
      chromosomal anomalies as high as 1.6%; 7 of 117 cases in 40- to 44-year-old
      mothers an incidence of 6.0%; and 4 of 16 mothers in the 45- to 49-year-old age
      group an incidence of 25.0%; b) all chromosomal anomalies were trisomies, mainly
      trisomy 21 and 18. These results suggest that the incidence of chromosomal
      anomalies increases in older pregnant women, especially in premenopausal
      pregnancies, and that non-disjunction may occur during meiosis.

PMID- 152878
TI  - Unruptured interstitial pregnancy. Diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Symptoms and signs of interstitial pregnancy cannot be differentiated from
      symptoms and signs of other ectopic pregnancies. Unruptured interstitial
      gestations are usually diagnosed incidental to the work-up of a suspected ectopic
      gestation. Unlike some teaching, a characteristic pelvic mass was palpable in 3
      of 4 cases. Incomplete induced abortion helped in diagnosing 2 cases. Ultrasound
      and laparoscopy will aid in establishing the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 152879
TI  - Selective compensation.

PMID- 152880
TI  - The vital few.

PMID- 152881
TI  - Hiring the handicapped-an 18-year success story.

PMID- 152882
TI  - [Methods for an economic analysis of health care (author's transl)].

PMID- 152884
TI  - [Preventive medicine and social insurance (author's transl)].

PMID- 152883
TI  - [Importance and programme of health care and preventive measures for newborn and
      infants as a task of public health service in accordance with the changing times
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 152885
TI  - [Experience collected by a public health office in the voluntary and compulsory
      treatment of alcoholics (author's transl)].

PMID- 152886
TI  - [Study about involuntary psychiatric hospitalization (author's transl)].

PMID- 152887
TI  - [Organisation of public health education within the area of the Munich Public
      Health Authorities (author's transl)].

PMID- 152888
TI  - [Exploratory enquiry into smoking habits, personality traits, smoker and non
      smoker image in young women with psychosomatic disorders (author's transl)].

PMID- 152889
TI  - [Hygiene in camping (author's transl)].

PMID- 152890
TI  - [Hospital hygiene in accident surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 152891
TI  - [Experience collected on the control of nosocomial infections (author's transl)].

PMID- 152892
TI  - Recurrent low back pain.

PMID- 152893
TI  - Functioning of Committee on Impaired Physician outlined.

PMID- 152894
TI  - Parents recover damages for birth of mongoloid child.

PMID- 152895
TI  - Echocardiography in infants and children.
AB  - Echocardiography is a well established, non-invasive diagnostic technique that
      has assumed a prominent place in the armamentarium of the pediatric cardiologist.
      The principles and techniques of echocardiography are explained. In addition, the
      measurements and interpretation are described, as well as the deductive approach
      that leads to a specific diagnosis. The purpose of this discussion is to provide
      the pediatrician with an understanding of the appropriate application, value, and
      limitation of the echocardiogram.

PMID- 152896
TI  - Genetic emergencies in pediatrics.
AB  - Genetic emergencies like other medical emergencies require immediate intervention
      to alter the outcome of the condition in the patient and its effect upon the
      family. The representative conditions of myelomeningocele, Down's syndrome, cleft
      lip and palate and adrenogenital syndrome serve to illustrate the need  for rapid
      and comprehensive intervention. Recognition that an emergency exists when a child
      with a birth defect is born and responsive thoughtful action including family
      counseling can significantly alter the life of the patient and his family.

PMID- 152897
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormality.

PMID- 152898
TI  - Asbestos and mesothelioma: a review.

PMID- 152899
TI  - Endogenous estrogen production in the young.

PMID- 152901
TI  - The international organizations--United Nations.

PMID- 152900
TI  - Bulbospinal tryptaminergic neurones. A search for the role of bulbospinal
      tryptaminergic neurones in the control of sympathetic activity.
AB  - 1. The possible role of bulbospinal tryptaminergic neurones in the control of
      sympathetic activity has been investigated in anaesthetised cats. 2. Depletion of
      spinal cord stores of 5-hydroxytryptamine was achieved by systemic administration
      of p-chlorophenylalanine or by intraspinal microinjections of 5,6
      dihydroxytryptamine. 3. Blood pressure was little changed by these treatments,
      neither was the pattern of ongoing activity in sympathetic nerves (arterial pulse
      rhythmicity and respiratory modulation), the influence of pulmonary afferent
      nerves on this activity (determined by an airway occlusion technique), the
      sympatho-inhibitory influence of the carotid sinus baroreceptors, nor the
      sympatho-inhibitory or -excitatory influences of somatic afferent nerves. 4.
      Since both p-chlorophenylalanine and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine treatment caused
      extensive disruption of the bulbospinal tryptaminergic neurones, it was concluded
      that these play no significant role in the mediation of the responses tested in
      anaesthetised cats in the present study.

PMID- 152902
TI  - Problems in the rehabilitation of the physically disabled in rural areas of
      India.
AB  - Some 550 disabled patients were examined by a rehabilitation team by organizing a
      rural camp at Meerut. This rehabilitation team consisted of orthopaedic surgeons,
      doctors, a prosthetist, an orthotist, a medical social worker and other skilled
      workers. Out of the 550 disabled patients, 271 were amputees, and 184 cases had
      poliomyelitis. Males predominated by 4:1. Disability was most common up to the
      age of 30 years. Of the 271 amputees, 146 were of upper limb while 125 were of
      lower limb. Only 86 lower limb amputees were suitable for fitting a prosthesis,
      while 39 others needed surgery of physiotherapy. Only 87 of the 184 polio cases
      were found suitable for appliances, the remainder needing surgery or
      physiotherapy. Ways of reducing the numbers of disabled were examined and
      improved rehabilitation procedures suggested.

PMID- 152903
TI  - Moulded supportive seating for the disabled.
AB  - In severe cases of physical disability intimate supportive seating may be
      required to provide maximum comfort, a good position for functional activities,
      improved respiration, relief of localized pressure, control of spasm, protection,
      or improved management. A service for providing such seating has been developed
      at Chailey Heritage. The seat is vacuum-formed from thermoplastic materials,
      having a soft non-absorbent foam for the linear and a hard semi-rigid outer
      shell. A mould is obtained by casting the patient using the vacuum consolidation
      technique and by recording the resulting impression using plaster-of-Paris.
      Nearly 200 seats have been made using the technique with a high rate of success.

PMID- 152904
TI  - The Orlau swivel walker.
AB  - A new design of swivel walker for the severely disabled is described which has
      advantages over previous types. Increased rigidity improves the confidence of
      apprehensive patients, greater strength gives better reliability for those with
      good ambulation function and a novel construction gives more opportunity for
      independent transfer into and out of the orthosis, besides easing the burden of
      those caring for users of swivel walkers.

PMID- 152905
TI  - Education in prosthetics and orthotics.

PMID- 152906
TI  - The use of lumbosacral corsets prescribed for low back pain.
AB  - Two hundred and one randomly selected patients (109 women and 92 men) fitted with
      their first lumbosacral corset because of low back pain were interviewed 3.5--4.5
      years later. Two-thirds of the patients were 41--70 years when fitted with the
      corset. Barely three-quarters of them wore the corset regularly immediately after
      prescription. One-fifth became symptom-free within the period covered by the
      study. Of those who still had symptoms at the time of the interview, two-thirds
      (about half of the original material) were still wearing a corset. Of these two
      thirds, about half wore the corset at least once a week. The women doing heavy
      work and female pensioners tended to use their corsets more frequently. The
      frequency with which the corsets were used was not influenced by the clinical
      diagnosis or the type of corset used. As many as 89 per cent of the patients
      reported that they used the corset because it supported their back or because it
      not only gave such support, but also relief from the pain. Thirty-seven of 96 non
      users reported that the corset did not fit well but only 7 that they did not
      benefit from the use of the corset. A better follow-up of users would surely
      increase the frequency with which such corsets are used to the advantage of the
      patients.

PMID- 152907
TI  - Technical aids.

PMID- 152908
TI  - Rehabilitation engineering--a growing part of the rehabilitation services.

PMID- 152909
TI  - The value of flexor hinge hand splints.
AB  - Functional hand splints have been in use in a number of spinal injury units in
      the USA since the early 1950s. The splints are designed to provide a pinch-grip
      either by harnessing wrist dorsiflexion or by external power. Such devices are
      little used in the United Kingdom. This paper describes the results of late
      provision of 62 such splints in a Disabled Living Unit. A proportion of
      tetraplegic patients found such splints of considerable functional value. It is
      estimated that some 30--60 patients each year would benefit from them if
      appropriate facilities for early fitting were available.

PMID- 152910
TI  - [Biological changes during the local administration of small doses of urokinase].

PMID- 152911
TI  - Community nursing: whose crime is it?

PMID- 152912
TI  - [Immunological mechanisms in health and disease].

PMID- 152913
TI  - Oral tetracycline and retinoic acid gel in acne.

PMID- 152914
TI  - [Glucoamylase immobilized on AE-cellulose].
AB  - Glucoamylase from Endomycopsis species 20-9 was immobilized on AE-cellulose by
      covalent binding with the use of glutaraldehyde. The activity of immobilized
      preparations was measured as a function of pH, buffer concentration, temperature
      and immobilization time. The most active preparations of immobilized glucoamylase
      were obtained in 0.2 M Na-phosphate buffer, pH 5.0--7.0 at 4--20 degrees C for 4-
      24 hrs. In the presence of substrate--starch the activity of immobilized
      glucoamylase increased almost two-fold whereas glucose had no effect of this
      kind.

PMID- 152915
TI  - [In memory of I. M. Orudzhev].

PMID- 152916
TI  - [Preventive effect of inhibitors of catecholamine synthesis, serotonin and
      adrenoblockaders on anovulatory syndrome development in neonatally androgenized
      rats. 2].
AB  - Administration to female rats of 250 micrograms of testosterone propionate (TSP)
      on the 3rd day of postnatal life led to reduction of estradiol, progesterone,
      and, to a lesser degree, of lutropin in the blood plasma of these animals at the
      age of 3 months. There was an increase of the lutropin content in the
      adenohypophysis and of luliberin in the hypothalamus. Combined with TSP
      administration of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, p-chlorphenylalanine or droperidol
      promoted preservation of cyclic changes in the hypothalamic gonadotropin activity
      and partially prevented disturbances of estradiol and progesteron secretion
      caused by neonatal androgenization. The mechanisms of participation of biogenic
      monoamines in sex differentiation of the hypothalamus are discussed.

PMID- 152917
TI  - [Epidemiological characteristics of newly detected foci of tuberculosis in a
      rural area].

PMID- 152918
TI  - [Results of dispensary observation and treatment of advanced forms of
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 152919
TI  - [Organization of detection and effectiveness of treatment of concomitant diseases
      in patients with tuberculosis under sanatorium conditions].

PMID- 152920
TI  - [M.I. Oifebakh].

PMID- 152921
TI  - Reductant-dependent electron distribution among redox sites of laccase.
AB  - Rhus laccase (monophenol monooxygenase, monophenol,dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen
      oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1) an O2/H2O oxidoreductase containing four copper
      ions bound to three redox sites (type 1, type 2, and type 3 Cu pair), was
      titrated anaerobically with several reductants having various chemical and
      thermodynamic properties. The distribution of electron equivalents among the
      redox sites was found to be reductant dependent. When the data for titration by
      various reductants of the type 3 site were plotted against those of the type 1
      site according to the Nernst formalism, the slope n varied from 2.0 to 1.0. The
      redox potential of the reductant's first oxidation step is qualitatively
      correlated with the value of n and is suggested as the factor that modulates the
      electron distribution. Such a behavior implies a nonequilibrium situation. A very
      good simulation of the data was provided by an analysis assuming a formally
      variable cooperativity between the two type 3 copper ions. This apparent
      variability is suggested to result from a process whereby sufficiently strong
      reductants induce a transition of the type 3 site from a cooperative two-electron
      acceptor to a pair of independent one-electron acceptors. This uncoupled state of
      the type 3 site is considered metastable. Other possible models were also
      investigated. Summarizing the available data, we conclude that the two-electron
      accepting behavior of the 330-nm chromophore is the exception rather than the
      rule.

PMID- 152922
TI  - Nerve growth factor: a protease that can activate plasminogen.
AB  - The single, highly stable form of mouse submandibular gland nerve growth factor
      (NGF), prepared as described by Young et al. [(1978) Biochemistry 17, 1490--1498]
      is a protease of restricted specificity that can convert plasminogen to plasmin.
      In the absence of plasminogen, NGF is not fibrinolytic, nor does it hydrolyze
      casein at a measurable rate. Treatment of NGF with diisopropyl fluorophosphate
      inhibits its ability to activate plasminogen as well as its capacity to hydrolyze
      certain synthetic arginine esters. These results indicate that NGF is a member of
      the class of serine proteases. Since NGF is known to be secreted at high
      concentrations in mouse saliva, it may serve to activate plasminogen (with
      subsequent fibrinolysis) somewhere in the alimentary tract. Plasminogen
      activation is the only known action of NGF upon a biologically important non
      neural substrate.

PMID- 152923
TI  - A rare congenital cardiac malformation in a dicephalus fetus with multiple
      malformations.

PMID- 152924
TI  - Effects of corticosterone on endogenous metabolism in the isolated perfused liver
      of normal and prematurely weaned rats.

PMID- 152925
TI  - Non-specific neural stimuli and metabolic rhythms in rats.
AB  - Ten rats housed in individual metabolism cages in a room next to a teaching
      laboratory showed rhythmic fluctuations in urination and defaecation. Sectral
      analysis of the data indicates a weekly rhythm which is attributed to the lack of
      neural stimuli at the weekend. Regression analysis using a weekly cycle
      illustrates this effect.

PMID- 152926
TI  - Restitution of endocrine changes after discontinuing chronic oestradiol
      administration in rats.

PMID- 152927
TI  - Influence of D-penicillamine on the formation of elastin and its cross-links.
AB  - The amount of insoluble elastin and its content of desmosine cross-links were
      investigated in aortas of chick embryos, to which D-penicillamine was
      administered on the 6th or 14th--16th day of incubation. D-Penicillamine was
      shown to alter the formation and maturation of elastin. Using lower doses (less
      than 50 mg) the weight of pooled aortic elastin is higher as compared with
      controls (related to 1 mg of elastin or to total weight of elastin). Increased
      isodesmosine:desmosine ratio in these samples indicates that this elastin is very
      young. On the other hand, a high dose of D-penicillamine (100 mg) decreased the
      content of elastin and also of its desmosine cross-links. The authors explain
      their findings by counteraction of two factors due to administration of
      penicillamine: the increased solubility of "insoluble elastin", and the decreased
      cross-link formation.

PMID- 152928
TI  - Recreation for disabled people--what do we mean?

PMID- 152929
TI  - Medical considerations.

PMID- 152930
TI  - Outdoor activities.

PMID- 152931
TI  - Water sports.

PMID- 152932
TI  - Riding for the disabled.

PMID- 152933
TI  - Integration in leisure activities.

PMID- 152934
TI  - Recreation for disabled people.

PMID- 152935
TI  - [Legal aspect--occupational viral hepatitis].

PMID- 152936
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous fluid overload: radiologic manifestations.
AB  - Large volumes of normal saline were infused intravenously in 6 dogs until obvious
      pulmonary edema was observed radiographically. Following volume overload,
      statistically significant increases occurred in the size of the heart, left
      atrium, pulmonary arteries and veins, and systemic veins, without the development
      of congestive heart failure (CHF). The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
      remained normal, and cardiac output and stroke volume increased. The results
      suggest that, in the absence of left ventricular failure, acute volume overload
      may simulate the radiographic changes produced by CHF. Pulmonary edema may have
      occurred at least partly from a marked decrease in serum colloid osmotic
      pressure.

PMID- 152937
TI  - The effect of dehydration on the side effects of metrizamide myelography.
AB  - The effect of dehydration on the incidence of side effects from metrizamide
      myelography was studied. One hundred consecutive patients scheduled for
      myelography fasted overnight and were then randomly divided into two groups.
      Group I received 2 liters of fluid intravenously just prior to myelography; Group
      II did not. Both groups were studied in the standard manner, using 170 mg l/ml of
      metrizamide. Side effects were recorded 24 and 48 hours after the procedure.
      Headaches, vomiting, and some other side effects were less common and less severe
      in the hydrated group. Clear liquids given orally or intravenous fluids are
      recommended prior to myelography to minimize side effects.

PMID- 152938
TI  - Thallium-201: quantitation of right ventricular hypertrophy in chronically
      hypoxic rats.
AB  - Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Ten were kept in room air and
      10 in hypobaric hypoxia (air at 380 mm Hg). After two weeks all were injected
      intravenously with 50 muCi of 201Tl and sacrificed. The right and left ventricles
      were separated, weighed, and measured for radioactivity in a gamma well counter.
      Left and right ventricular mass ratios (MR) correlated with 201Tl radioactivity
      ratios (TAR) in both control and hypoxic rats: r = 0.962 where MR = 0.863 TAR +
      0.27. Myocardial 201Tl uptake reflects and quantitates normal and abnormal
      ventricular mass, the abnormal mass in this model consisting of right ventricular
      hypertrophy associated with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 152939
TI  - Ultrastructural features of hypertrophied human ventricular myocardium.

PMID- 152940
TI  - [Regulation of functions of myosin and actomyosin from smooth muscle (part 2)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 152941
TI  - [Contact eczema in nurses].

PMID- 152942
TI  - [Skin and nail mycoses in patients treated at the Provincial Dermatological
      Outpatient Clinic in Cracow in the years 1974--1977].

PMID- 152943
TI  - [Value of Canesten preparation (Clotrimazole, Bay b-5097) for topical treatment
      of dermal and ungual mycoses].

PMID- 152944
TI  - [The use of a hinge distraction apparatus after arthrolysis and arthroplasty
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe a hinge distraction apparatus which allows physiological
      movement of joints following surgical procedures such as arthrolysis or
      arthroplasty. The apparatus maintains some space between the bone ends and
      provides lateral stability. It is based on the principles of external fixation.
      The apparatus has been used for ankles, knees, and elbows. Thirty-eight patients
      were operated on. The technique is fully described. The results on experimental
      work in the dog are given. At the ankle, the authors have shown that the use of
      the apparatus allows the formation of fibrous tissue between the bone ends. The
      indications and results obtained at the level of the knee and elbow are
      discussed.

PMID- 152945
TI  - [Hemimelica epiphysialis dysplasia (author's transl)].
AB  - Hemimelica Epiphysialis Dysplasia is a rare osteochondrodystrophy producing
      cartilaginous epiphysial hypertrophy with hemimelic topography involving
      preferentialy the lower limb. Lesions are generally medialy situated (medial
      condyle of the femur, medial malleolus talus, tarsal scaphoid and first
      metatarsal bone). 8 cases of patients are discussed with a follow up of 4 years.
      The evolution is to a massive ossification of the hypertrophic cartilaginous
      areas. The issue is a fast arthrosic degeneration of the involved joints (mainly
      the ankle, more rarely the knee). The surgical procedures are often unsuccessful.

PMID- 152946
TI  - [Ectopic bone formation in neurological lesions (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have operated on seventy instances of para-articular ectopic bone
      formation in fifty patients. Seventeen were paraplegic or tetraplegic, thirty
      were the result of trauma, two resulted from meningitis and one was a sequel of
      burns. The ectopic bone was located at the hip (thirty-three cases), the elbow
      (twenty-three cases), the knee (twelve cases) and the shoulder (two cases). The
      clinical, radiological and pathological features are reviewed. Several hypotheses
      on the mechanism of ectopic bone formation are put forward. The surgical
      procedures have included arthrolysis, arthrodesis, wide resection of the
      epiphysis, and total prostheses. There were ten recurrences. The authors conclude
      that the most extensive lesions occur in paraplegia and when the bone formation
      is situated at the hip.

PMID- 152947
TI  - [The treatment of diaphyso-epiphyseal tumours by local resection with the
      preservation of joint movement. A report of four cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Four cases of epiphyseal tumours were treated by the authors by local resection.
      In two cases, there was a giant-cell tumour of the lower end of the femur, in one
      case a giant-cell tumour of the lower end of the radius and in one case a juxta
      cortical sarcoma of the lower end of the radius. In the two cases involving the
      knees, resection preserved the articular surface and the subchondral bone.
      Reconstruction was achieved by a cortical autograft. In all cases, painless joint
      movement was preserved with satisfactory muscle power.

PMID- 152948
TI  - [Upper brachial plexus palsy. Seven cases treated by muscle transplantation
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Seven cases of upper brachial plexus palsy, have been treated by associated
      transplantation of pectoralis major for flexion, and of teres major and
      latissimus dorsi for external rotation. Operation was performed eighteen months
      at least after injury, during which period rehabilitation was necessary to
      prevent atrophy of the pectoralis major and contracture in internal rotation. The
      strength of flexion was improved by alterations of the original Clark's
      operation. The whole muscle was transplanted: its humeral tendon was fixed to the
      coracoid process; its thoracic extremity lengthened by an aponevrotic flap from
      rectus anterior was pulled through a posterior anti-brachial incision, holding
      the arm in anteposition and the forearm in supination. A strong tension was
      obtained in this way. Transplantation of teres major and latissimus dorsi tendons
      behind the humerus was done in the same stage. Results are in favor of these
      improvements: all seven patients, including two hard-workers, obtained a strong
      and large flexion. The useful part of external rotation was restored. All went
      back to their former occupations.

PMID- 152949
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery of the thumb after traumatic amputation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors analysed the results of two series of patients treated either by
      lengthening (16 cases) or digital pollicization (45 cases). The conclusions about
      the indications for the two techniques are as follows: When the amputation is
      proximal and the sole lesion, pollicization of the ring finger is preferred. In
      distal amputations in children, pollicization is still indicated, but in adults,
      lengthening, with a pedicle island-flap to give sensation is preferable. In
      amputations of the thumb associated with lesions of other digits, pollicization
      is not feasible; in these cases, the authors recommend a toe transplant using
      micro-surgical technique.

PMID- 152950
TI  - [The measurement of the tibial tuberosity. Patella groove distanced technique and
      results (author's transl)].
AB  - The line between the summit of the tibial tuberosity and the bottom of the
      trochlea groove as seen on a radiograph taken with the knee in 30 degrees of
      flexion and neutral rotation is indicative of the valgus position of the
      quadriceps mechanism at the moment of engatement of the patella in the groove.
      The authors stress the technical requirements to obtain the radiograph which
      permits this measurement. Measurement of a group of normal knees and of two
      groups of knees presenting with known patello-femoral pathology (lateral patello
      femoral arthrosis and current dislocation of the patella) are given. In the study
      of distrubance of the patello-femoral articulation, this measurement provides
      information of theoretical and therapeutic interest.

PMID- 152951
TI  - [Jose Valls. 1896-1977].

PMID- 152952
TI  - [Svetislav Stojanovic. 1895-1977].

PMID- 152953
TI  - [The medius gluteus with 1-legged stance. Geometric variations on the theme of
      femoral and pelvic osteotomies].
AB  - The work of Pauwels has supplied evidence of the pressure applied to the hip by
      the contraction of the gluteus medius as its acts to maintain the pelvis in
      equilibrium when weight is born on one limb. The force exerted by the gluteus
      medius is greater the larger the distance separating the gluteus medius from the
      centre of the femoral head compared with the distance separating the femoral head
      from the centre of gravity. It is this force that mechanical procedures such as
      osteotomy of the femur or pelvis attempt to diminish. A study was made in depth
      of the variations in the activity of the gluteus medius with regard to various
      parameters including not only the gluteus medius distance (parameter of Pauwels)
      but also of the direction of the muscle and the angle formed by the cephalo
      trochanteric line below and the iliac wing above the ilio-trochanteric angle.
      Using routine radiographs to act as a geometric model, a method was devised based
      on a combination of geometric construction, an experimental study and
      trigonometric calculation. Curves have been established determining the value of
      the force exerted by the gluteus medius in relation to the ilio-trochanteric
      angle. The smallest force exerted by the gluteus medius corresponds to the lower
      pole of the curve and arises when the cephalo-trochanteric line is perpendicular
      to the direction of the muscle; the force is greatest in the highest and lowest
      positions of the tip of the great trochanter, that is to say on either side of
      the lower pole of the curve. Since the position of the greater trochanter is, in
      practice, always lower, it can be said that, as a general rule, angulation into
      varus diminishes the tension of the gluteus medius whilst angulation into valgus
      increases it. However, contrary to current opinion, the effect produced on the
      force applied by the gluteus medius is not proportional to the ammount of
      varisization. The effectiveness of a varisization is greater the more the hip is
      in valgus and there is a critical zone with increasing varus where the effect
      becomes minimal. Displacement of the femoral shaft (McMurray's operation) has
      little effect. In Chiari's operation, diminution of the ilio-trochanteric angle
      and shortening of the medial lever with lengthening of the lateral lever by
      medial transposition of the point of application of the femoral head diminishes
      the force required of the gluteus medius very effectively. In particular, the
      effect of Chiari's operation is greater when the hip is displaced or there is
      coxa valga. The method described allows a precise calculation to be made on a
      tracing of the patient's radiograph of the effect to the proposed operation on
      the force required by the gluteus medius. The different parameters could be
      applied to a computer and thus allows statistical definition of anthropometric
      date concerning the force of contraction of the gluteus medius.

PMID- 152954
TI  - [The fixation of madreporic total hip prosthesis; an experimental study (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The author has designed a new type of total hip prosthesis described as
      "madreporic" because its surface is rough and resembles some kinds of coral. This
      type of implant, which does not require cement, was tested on dogs. The bone
      prosthesis junction was assessed using light and electron microscopy. Radio
      spectrography and micro-radiography showed that osteogenesis occurred in the
      roughened surface of the implant leading to an early, strong and long-standing
      fixation. The prosthesis was inserted in two hundred patients. Five were removed
      after septic complications and one after premature death. The fixation with new
      bone to the surface of the metal was confirmed.

PMID- 152955
TI  - [Spine deformity in Marfan's syndrome in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have studied twenty cases of spine deformity in children suffering
      from Marfan's syndrome. They describe the main features of the disease and point
      out the difficulty of accurate diagnosis in children with minor involvement. The
      deformities are those of a dysplastic scoliosis as shown by the frequency of
      vertebral inversion on the lateral view: dorso-lumbar kyphosis, decreased lumbar
      lordosis. The treatment should be surgical because of the danger of a fatal
      outcome without treatment. The incidence of non-union is high and the authors
      recommend systematic revision of the fusion double curve scolioses with a
      moderate kyphosis. In cases of severe kyphosis, the addition of anterior grafting
      is recommended.

PMID- 152956
TI  - [The incidence of progressive scoliosis and kyphosis after fractures and
      dislocations of the spine in children (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have observed forty-two cases of fractures and dislocations of the
      spine in children. In twenty-eight cases there was a complete spinal cord lesion
      and in four cases a partial cord lesion with some recovery. Ten children had no
      neurological lesion. Fifteen progressive kyphoses and twenty-two progressive
      scolioses were noted and analysed. The kyphotic deformities were more severe at
      cervical levels and seem to be aggravated by laminectomies. They were stabilised
      at the time of bone maturity. To prevent this deformity, the authors recommend
      long-term plaster cast immobilisation associated with posterior fusion. In
      scoliotic deformities, the authors distinguish those due to neurological
      involvement and those arising at the level of the fracture due to disturbance of
      vertebral growth. Indications for treatment are discussed in relation to the age
      of the patient and the level of the fracture.

PMID- 152957
TI  - [Non-articular fractures of the proximal tibia (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have made a detailed study of the bony architecture of the upper
      tibial metaphysis and epiphysis. They describe a number of types of extra
      articular fracture of the upper end of the tibia according to their mechanical
      etiology (direct injury or strain). Forty five such fractures are reviewed. Forty
      percent of the fractures were compound and vascular complications occurred in
      three cases. Two patients died from embolism and one required early amputation.
      Twenty seven patients were treated conservatively and eighteen surgically. After
      an analysis of the results, the authors note that bonyunion is particularly slow
      in this type of fracture. They conclude that surgical treatment gives better
      results, especially with the use of epiphyseal plates.

PMID- 152958
TI  - [Cylindrical osteotomy of the upper end of the tibia [author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe a modification of the original technique of Blaimont and
      Maquet. Cylindrical osteotomy allows correction of deformity in the frontal plane
      (genu varum or valgum) with forward displacement of the tibial tuberosity. The
      technique and instruments are described. The osteotomy is fixed by screws and
      joint mobilisation is begun after two weeks. Thirty patients have been operated
      on. The results are described as satisfactory.

PMID- 152959
TI  - [Polymorph juvenile acne].

PMID- 152960
TI  - Comic books: champions of the disabled stereotype.

PMID- 152961
TI  - The response of Suffolk lambs to an escalating experimental infection with
      Dictyocaulus filaria.
AB  - Infection of Suffolk lambs with Dictyocaulus filaria larvae beginning at two
      months of age with one larva per day, six days per week, and doubling every four
      weeks to reach a final infection rate of 64 larvae per day gave rise to a pattern
      of larval excretion in the faeces which approximated to that seen in naturally
      infected Suffolk lambs in Midlothian in 1974. Several of the lambs were still
      infected with adult D filaria and were excreting larvae in their faeces 28 weeks
      after the infection began. However, when some of the lambs were challenged at
      this time, those which had received the previous escalating infection were
      resistant to the challenge infection.

PMID- 152962
TI  - [From myocardial disease to idiopathic cardiomyopathy (2) (author's transl)].

PMID- 152963
TI  - [Complete heart block in a case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 152964
TI  - [Treatment of lumbar sciatica with epidural injections of betamethasone acetate
      phosphate (author's transl)].

PMID- 152965
TI  - The kinin system: its relation to blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and the formed
      elements of the blood.

PMID- 152966
TI  - [Cytophysiology of connective tissue].

PMID- 152967
TI  - A critique of some of the current concepts on the immunopathogenesis of
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The interaction of polycations produced during tissue damage and C-reactive
      protein, and the enzymatic degradation of complement components may be positive
      mechanisms augmenting immune-complex/complement damage, while reduced
      phagocytosis and reduced chemotaxis may be negative mechanisms. In cell-mediated
      immunity, systems consisting of C-reactive protein, proteases, prostaglandins and
      immune complexes are all potentially capable of negative feedback control.

PMID- 152968
TI  - Legally speaking: if you catch something contagious, think Workmen's Comp.

PMID- 152969
TI  - [Subcutaneous silicone gel prosthese (author's transl)].
AB  - The use of silicone implants to correct an acquired or congenital abnormality of
      the face involves the use of:--blocks of foam, though these retract and the
      volume implanted must therefore be overestimated.--compact blocks of elastomer,
      which tend to migrate and to produce inaesthetic bumps with disturbances in the
      vascularisation of the skin. The authors therefore had the idea of making "to
      measure" implants similar to breast implants: envelope of silicone elastomer
      enclosing a gel of chosen viscosity, absorbing forces applied to the envelope and
      therefore tending to prevent migration of the implant. The latter has dacron
      patches to facilitate its adherence to deep layers. This description of
      manufacturing methods and operative techniques, despite a short follow-up,
      reports encouraging results from which it is possible to determine the
      indications of this type of procedure.

PMID- 152970
TI  - Erythrocyte abnormalities induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy: induction of
      preleukaemic states?

PMID- 152971
TI  - Alloantigen-induced enhancement and suppression of human cytotoxic lymphocyte
      responses to autologous lymphoblastoid cell lines.
AB  - In vitro sensitization of human lymphocytes to autologous lymphoblastoid cell
      lines (LCL) has been shown to give rise to cytotoxic lymphocytes capable of
      lysing autologous as well as allogeneic LCL cells. However, allogeneic LCL cells
      were found to be markedly less effective than autologous LCL cells in terms of
      generating lymphocytes capable of lysing autologous LCL cells. The addition of
      allogeneic LCL cells or allogeneic normal lymphocytes to a mixture of responding
      lymphocytes and X-irradiated autologous LCL cells suppressed the generation of
      cytotoxic lymphocytes against autologous LCL cells. Furthermore, suppressor T
      cells generated in allogeneic mixed leucocyte culture (MLC) and supernatants from
      MLC likewise decreased the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes to X-irradiated
      autologous LCL cells. In contrast to the findings that alloantigens suppress the
      generation of cytotoxicity of X-irradiated autologous LCL cells, which ordinarily
      induce strong cytotoxic responses, were the findings that allogeneic stimulating
      cells and supernatants from MLC enhanced cytotoxic responses to autologous
      ultraviolet light or extensively heat-treated LCL cells that induce weaker
      cytotoxic responses. The possible mechanisms whereby alloantigens enhance or
      suppress cytotoxic responses to autologous abnormal cells and the implications of
      these findings are discussed.

PMID- 152972
TI  - Work and disability at the age of 30 years. A sociomedical study of a birth
      cohort from Bergen. III. Disability as related to medical, psychological and
      educational background.
AB  - This article deals with occupational disability at the age of 30 years, seen the
      light of medical, psychological and educational background. The study is based on
      a cohort of 1570 persons, all live births in 1940 of mothers then residing in
      Bergen. This birth-cohort was followed-up in the compulsory school system at age
      14 years, and again at age 30 years, concluding at 1st June 1971. Only those of
      the cohort residing in Norway on 1st June 1971, a total of 1331 persons, are
      included in the present analysis. The diagnoses discussed are based on data
      obtained from disability pension case records, from the National Insurance
      Institution files and from the Public Welfare office files. Results of medical
      and psychological examinations made on a stratified random sample of the cohort
      are also used. Thirty-seven persons (2.8%) of the total of 1331 were found to be
      disabled according to the criteria set for this study. The prevailing primary
      diagnosis was mental disorder, as 25 of the disabled had this diagnosis,
      oligophrenia being dominant. The former pupils in the different types of
      compulsory school attended at age 14 years show a frequency of disability at age
      30 years as follows: junior high school 0.8%, continuation school 1.3%,
      elementary school classes for slow learners 10.7%, special schools for the
      educable mentally retarded 32.7%, and receiving services for the mentally
      retarded, 97.0%.

PMID- 152973
TI  - Immediate and late results of aortic valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley
      tilting disc valve.
AB  - Single aortic valve replacement was performed in 110 patients at Ulleval
      Hospital, Oslo, between 1971 and 1976. The follow-up period was 1 to 6 years
      (mean 31 months). The early postoperative mortality was 6.3% and the late
      mortality 8.2%. Postoperatively 44% of the surviving patients were in the
      N.Y.H.A. functional class I and 55% in class II, while 71% of the patients were
      in class III or IV pre-operatively. Objective evidence of improvement was shown
      by reduction in mean heart volume from 610 ml/m2 pre-operatively to 512 ml/m2
      postoperatively (p less than 0.001). Electrocardiographic signs of left
      ventricular hypertrophy, measured as the combined voltage of Smax and Rmax in V1
      to V6, were 56mV pre-operatively and 42 mV postoperatively (p less than 0.001).
      Myocardial failure was the main cause of death postoperatively. Sudden death
      occurred in 5 of the 9 patients in the late mortality group. Old age at the time
      of operation (65 to 71 years) was not associated with increased risk of death and
      complications, while alcoholism did increase the mortality rate.

PMID- 152974
TI  - Clinical and immunological studies in pulmonary extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
      (Watson Prize Lecture, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow, 4 April
      1977).

PMID- 152975
TI  - [Mechanical injuries--physical stress of work observed in the hospital
      environment].

PMID- 152976
TI  - [Occupational eczema in nurses].

PMID- 152977
TI  - [Compensation of occupational diseases and diseases contracted at work, in the
      hospital environment].

PMID- 152978
TI  - [The medical committee of public assistance in Paris].

PMID- 152979
TI  - Tubal patency: hysterosalpingography compared with laparoscopy.
AB  - Laparoscopy was done about three months after hysterosalpingography (HSG) in 121
      patients complaining of infertility. Normal patency was found with both technics
      in 71 patients (58.6%). In 23 of the 97 patients with a normal HSG, however,
      peritubal or tubal disease was observed at the time of laparoscopy (false
      negative results, 19%). Twenty-four tubal obstructions (19.8%) were detected by
      HSG (16 distal and eight proximal) but five distal and four proximal obstructions
      were not confirmed by laparoscopy (false-positive results, 7.4%). In addition,
      laparoscopic evaluation demonstrated endometriosis in 31 cases, polycystic
      ovaries in six, and uterine fibroids in five.

PMID- 152980
TI  - The pathology of leprosy.

PMID- 152981
TI  - [Characteristics of the state of health of students at Nukus University].

PMID- 152982
TI  - [Joint work experience of a medical institute's department of traumatology and
      orthopedics with public health organs].

PMID- 152983
TI  - [Deontological ideas of medical students at the beginning and at the end of study
      in an institute].

PMID- 152984
TI  - [Medical activities of the physician and revolutionary, P.V. Dobrovol'skii, in
      the Turgai Steppe].

PMID- 152985
TI  - [Grigorii Romanovich Kriuchok].

PMID- 152986
TI  - [Experience in organizing a specialized diagnostic center at a provincial
      hospital].

PMID- 152987
TI  - [Ways to improve the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms at the stage of polyclinic
      examination].

PMID- 152988
TI  - [Work organization experience of the dispensary department of a provincial
      oncological dispensary].

PMID- 152989
TI  - [Effectiveness of the comprehensive treatment of fibrous-cavernous pulmonary
      tuberculosis at a specialized hospital].

PMID- 152990
TI  - [Work organization experience in neurological first aid].

PMID- 152991
TI  - [Neurological service in the RSFSR and the prospects of its development].

PMID- 152992
TI  - [Rehabilitation of epilepsy patients in the hospital].

PMID- 152993
TI  - [Methods of the health resort and climate treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
      with concomitant diseases].

PMID- 152994
TI  - [Principal problems in the dispensary care of patients with internal organ
      pathology at an industrial enterprise].

PMID- 152995
TI  - Inaccuracies of a zero-crossing detector for recording Doppler signals.

PMID- 152996
TI  - Global cardiac ischemia in the hypertrophied heart: effects of hypothermia and
      beta-adrenergic blockade on ventricular function.

PMID- 152997
TI  - Effect of left ventricular hypertrophy on myocardial capillary perfusion.

PMID- 152998
TI  - Compressive forces of fibrillation in normal hearts during maximal coronary
      dilation by adenosine.

PMID- 152999
TI  - Induction of tolerance to solubilized rat histocompatibility antigens.

PMID- 153000
TI  - Effect of splenectomy on patients' immunocompetent leukocytes.

PMID- 153001
TI  - Biochemical properties of brain capillaries.

PMID- 153002
TI  - Suppressor cell activity in lymph nodes regional to bladder carcinoma.

PMID- 153003
TI  - Pathogenesis of aortoduodenal fistula: experimental and clinical correlates.
AB  - An aortoduodenal fistula (ADF) is believed to stem from erosion of a rigid
      prosthesis into the fixed retroperitoneal duodenum. Experimental and clinical
      data do not support a mechanical etiology, but indicate that the pathogenesis is
      an unrecognized graft infection with pseudoaneurysm formation. A 5 cm segment of
      Dacron was interposed in the infrarenal aortas of 24 dogs that were divided into
      four groups of six animals each. In group 1 (control) the duodenum was fixed by
      sutures to the proximal anastomosis of the Dacron graft. At 6 weeks' follow-up,
      no ADFs or deaths had occurred among this group. In group 2 the duodenum was
      fixed to the aortoprosthetic anastomosis and the dogs received an intravenous
      infusion of 10(8) S. aureus; two of these dogs developed ADF (P less than 0.01).
      In group 3 the duodenum was incorporated as a patch on the anterior aspect of the
      aortoprosthetic suture line, creating a false aneurysm; three of these animals
      died as a result of ADF. A false aneurysm was created in group 4 dogs, as in
      group 3, but in addition, 10(8) S. aureus was administered intravenously; here
      five to six animals developed ADF. Clinical and bacteriological evidence of graft
      infection was present in seven of 11 patients with ADF who were seen over an 18
      year period. Five had pseudoaneurysm formation at the proximal anastomosis.
      Operation was performed in eight patients; three had closure of the aortic leak
      and repair of the duodenum with omentum interposition. All resulted in recurrent
      fistula and delayed hemorrhage. Simple graft excision in two patients without
      reconstitution of peripheral circulation resulted in lower extremity gangrene.
      The three survivors had graft excision and axillofemoral bypass. These data
      suggest that the etiology of ADF is primary low-grade infection. Successful
      operation necessitates excision of the graft, duodenal closure, and an
      extraanatomical axillofemoral bypass graft.

PMID- 153004
TI  - Our fibrinolytic potential.
AB  - Several methods of determining fibrinolytic activity were explored. The methods
      which gave the most satisfactory appraisal of the amount of fibrinolysin
      administered were as follows: euglobulin fraction on a prepared fibrin clot;
      euglobulin fraction method on benzoylarginine methyl ester; whole blood clot
      spontaneous lysis method. At present, the first of these three methods is the
      technique of choice. A preparation devised to observe the lysis of blood clots in
      vivo under the action of human fibrinolysin is described. In this preparation the
      successful lysis of fresh blood clots produced experimentally in segments of
      autogenous veins anastomosed to arteries was observed. The administration of
      plasmin by aerosol was followed by an increased lytic activity of the plasma of
      premature infants. Six patients in whom the clinical diagnosis of pulmonary
      hyaline membrane was made recovered completely after the treatment with human
      plasmin by aerosol. Forty-three percent of the children with the same diagnosis
      in whom plasmin was not used died (control subjects). Large doses of human
      fibrinolysin administered by the intravenous route prevented the formation of
      peritoneal adhesions in 100% of the animals treated. Adhesions developed in all
      of the dogs in which the intraperitoneal route was used. Fibrinolytic activity in
      the peripheral blood was increased considerably in all of the animals in which
      adhesions did not develop. No hemorrhagic phenomena other than slight oozing of
      the wounds were observed.

PMID- 153005
TI  - [Notification and procedural treatment concerning occupational diseases].

PMID- 153006
TI  - [Occupational diseases reported to the Directorate of Accident Insurance 1961
      1970. II. A more coordinated registration will facilitate preventive activities].

PMID- 153007
TI  - [Allergic reaction to administration of calcium chloride].

PMID- 153008
TI  - [Teaching practical deontology at the department of hospital therapeutics].

PMID- 153009
TI  - [Various problems of training during subinternship and internship and the
      suggestions for optimization of primary specialization in internal medicine].

PMID- 153010
TI  - [Various ways of optimization of the learning process at the department of
      internal medicine of the medical institute].

PMID- 153011
TI  - [Problems of teaching during subinternship].

PMID- 153012
TI  - [Research work of medical students as one of the methods of training of a highly
      qualified physician].

PMID- 153013
TI  - In vivo effects of the purified thrombin-like and anticoagulant principles of
      Agkistrodon acutus (hundred pace snake) venom.

PMID- 153014
TI  - Improved synthesis of 16alpha-hydroxylated androgens: intermediates of estriol
      formation in pregnancy.
AB  - 16alpha-Hydroxyandrostenedione (16alpha-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione), 16alpha
      hydroxytestosterone (16alpha,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) and 16alpha
      hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate (3beta, 16alpha-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17
      one 3-monosulfate) were synthesized by a new chemical approach with much improved
      yield. 16alpha-Bromoandrostendione was converted to the hydrazone of 16alpha
      hydroxyandrostenedione which gave 16alpha-hydroxyandrostenedione on acid
      hydrolysis in total 63% yield. Oxidation of 16alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone
      with Jones' reagent also selectively afforded 16alpha-hydroxyandrostenedione.
      16alpha-Hydroxytestosterone was observed by selective reduction of 16alpha
      hydroxyandrostenedione with sodium borohydride. Reaction of 16alpha
      hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone with chlorosulfonic acid in pyridine selectively
      gave the 3-monosulfate. The structure of the sulfate was deduced from its
      solvolysis to the starting material, and its acetylation and subsequent
      solvolysis to 16alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 16-acetate. All procedures
      are suitable for large scale synthesis without the use of microorganisms.

PMID- 153015
TI  - [The physiognomy of the mental patient in history and practice, 1800--1900].

PMID- 153016
TI  - Greek fragments of the lost books of Galen's anatomical procedures.

PMID- 153017
TI  - [Hospitals in London. Typology of charitable institutions in the tension fields
      of political powers].

PMID- 153018
TI  - [New finds on the plague pamphlet by Jakob Engelin of Ulm].

PMID- 153019
TI  - [A master Ortolf from Bavaria in Paris].

PMID- 153020
TI  - Distribution of acid mucopolysaccharides in normal and detached retinae. A study
      by electron microscopy.

PMID- 153021
TI  - Distribution and significance of hyaluronidase-sensitive materials in the
      trabecular wall of Schlemm's canal.

PMID- 153022
TI  - A case of eosinophilic pleurisy due to Dracunculus medinensis infection.

PMID- 153023
TI  - [Physiological polymorphism in a population of the common frog. I. The
      polymorphism of a population of the common frog for the trait of muscle tissue
      heat resistance].
AB  - A study was made of heat resistance (36+/-0.2 degrees C) of m. interphalangealis
      of the third finger of a hind extremity in animals of one population of Rana
      temporaria L. living on the boundary between Leningrad region and Pskov region.
      Within this population, the existence of three groups of individuals differing in
      heat resistance levels of their m. interphalangealis is postulated. This
      conclusion is based on the distribution curve of heat resistance values and on
      the application of the probit-method. The distribution of the frequency of
      occurrence of individuals in these three groups follows Hardy-Weinberg's
      equation.

PMID- 153024
TI  - [Physiological polymorphism of a population of the common frog. II. The
      polymorphism of the type of muscle tissue heat resistance in stress].
AB  - A study was made of the dynamics in the heat resistance of m. interphalangealis
      of individual grass frogs under stress. The response of muscle tissue to injury
      can be differentiated into three types according to the initial heat resistance
      level: increase, decrease and phase change of the resistance. The pattern of
      response of muscle tissue of individual frogs to stress is one of manifestationss
      of physiological polymorphism of the population.

PMID- 153025
TI  - [Effect of the central cholinolytic, cyclosil, on the ultrastructure and
      functional characteristics of rat liver mitochondria].
AB  - The influence of central cholinolytic cyclosil on the oxidative phosphorilation,
      ATPase activity and ultrastructure of hepatic mitochondria has been studied. The
      increased effectivity of mitochondrial macroergic compounds formation in the
      presence of cyclosil (0.04 mg/ml) was noticed. The oxygen consumption rate of
      these particles did not change. These findings and the electron microscopic
      observations on mitochondrial swelling in the presence of the cholinolytic agent
      suggest that cyclosil enchances the degree of mitochondrial energization.

PMID- 153026
TI  - [Electrophoretic studies of acid mucopolysaccharides in skin, prekeratin of hair
      follicles and in keratoses of wool].
AB  - Mucopolysaccharide complex isolated from skin, prekeratin of hair follicles and
      keratoses of wool by paper electrophoresis was separated into chondroitin
      sulphate and hyaluronic acid. The content of chondroitin sulphate in all the
      objects under investigation except for gamma-keratosis is higher than that of
      hyaluronic acid. The highest level of chondroitin-sulphuric acid is observed in
      the matrix of prekeratin of hair follicles and cuticule of wood fibre, i. e. beta
      keratosis.

PMID- 153027
TI  - [Low temperature effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane permeability for
      Ca2+].
AB  - The effect of rapid freezing down to--196 degree C was studied as applied to the
      functional activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes Ca2+-pump. It is
      found that the SR Ca-transport system is damaged under the effect of low
      temperatures: the transport activity of Ca ions across the reticulum membrane is
      reduced simultaneously with a slight increase in the ATPase activity. The rate of
      Ca ions accumulation by SR  vesicles decreases and the magnitude of Ca: ATP ratio
      is reduced. The damage of the SR membrane Ca-transport system after freezing is
      related to an increase in the rate of the accumulated Ca2+ rapid leak from the
      vesicles through the system of active transport at the moment of ATPase "work"
      and to an increase in the rate of passive diffusion.

PMID- 153028
TI  - [Effect of substances inhibiting the ion transport on Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase activity
      of synaptic plasma membranes].
AB  - The Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase activity of plasma membranes in bull brain synaptosomas was
      studied as affected by ruthenium red, hexamine cobalt, aminazine, verapamyl,
      melipramin, lanthanum acetate and oligomycin. Lanthanum acetate in a
      concentration of 5.10(-5)M is shown to inhibit completely the enzyme activity.
      Ruthenium red and hexamine cobalt in a concentration of 10(-4) inhibit this
      ATPase activity by 50-60%. Melipramin, aminazine, verapamyl in concentrations of
      10(-6)-10(-4)M and oligomycin in a concentration of 0.01-5 microgram/ml have no
      effect on the enzyme activity.

PMID- 153029
TI  - Treatment of advanced cancer of prostate with megestrol acetate.

PMID- 153030
TI  - Togavirus-like particles in renal epithelium of patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - Virus-like particles, about 45 nm in diameter, were present in renal epithelium
      (tubules and podocytes) of 12 patients with confirmed systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) and in 2 patients with probable SLE. They were not detected
      in renal biopsies from non-SLE patients. Morphologically, they suggest togavirus
      like particles.

PMID- 153031
TI  - [Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of normally loaded human myocardial left
      ventricles from young and old patients (author's transl)].
AB  - An ultrastructural and morphometric analysis was performed on human myocardial
      left ventricle, obtained during surgical heart operations on normally loaded
      ventricles. The diagnoses of the patients were a) Persistant foramen ovale b)
      Atrial septal defect stage (I.-II) c) Mitral stenosis (stage III.-IV.). The
      median values of left ventricular pressure were not pathologically elevated. The
      patients were divided in 2 groups, the younger one ranging from 5-15 years, the
      older from 42-78 years. It was shown that the volume density of the interstitial
      tissue does not differ with the aging process. The number of the nuclei per test
      area of the heart muscle cells decreased within age (P less than 0.001). This
      finding suggests a decreasing process in the number of the heart muscle cells and
      an increase in size of the individual myocardial cell. Increase in the volume
      density of myofibrils was demonstrated at electron microscopical level with aging
      (P less than 0.02). The volume density of mitochondria is the same in both
      groups, whereas the volume density of the remaining cytoplasm (without myofibrils
      and mitochondria) decreases (P less than 0.05). The numberical density of the
      mitochondria increased in the older patient group (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 153032
TI  - [Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of hypertrophied human myocardial left
      ventricles (author's transl)].
AB  - Biopsies of hypertrophied human myocardial left ventricles were investigated
      morphometrically. The diagnoses of the patients were stenosis of the aortic
      valve, aortic insufficiency or a combination of both lesions. The results were
      compared with those from normally loaded human left ventricles. There are no
      differences on light microscopical level between the volume densities of
      interstitial tissue and of heart muscle cells in the three groups of patients. A
      significant diminution of the volume density of the nuclei (P less than 0.001)
      and the number of nuclei per test area (P less than 0.001) when compared with
      normal groups suggests an increase in volume of the single heart muscle cell. The
      ultrastructural study shows marked increase in volume density of myofibrils (P
      less than 0.0001), with accompanying decrease in the volume densities of
      mitochondria (P less than 0.0001) and the remaining cytoplasm (P less than
      0.001). A gross decrease in the surface area of mitochondria (P less than 0.001)
      and of cristae mitochondriales (P less than 0.0001) is found. The morphological
      equivalents of this result are numerous stages of mithochondrial destruction
      including cristolysis. All myocardial weights were beyond the "critical heart
      weight".

PMID- 153033
TI  - The relaxation of sarcomeres in ischemic injury of myocardium.
AB  - Polarization-microscopic and micrometric investigations of the myocardium during
      infarction at autopsy and in experimental ischemic conditions, has shown that one
      of the earliest and most typical morphological signs of ischemic myocardium is
      sarcomere relaxation. The latter is expressed by the loss of contractility of
      muscle cells in life time and in strongly frozen corpses, and due to the effects
      of fixatives. Increase of the percentage of relaxed sarcomeres parallels the
      duration of experimental ischemia and the time after myocardial infarction. This
      allows the indirect calculation of irreversible cell change.

PMID- 153034
TI  - The regional registry of gastro-intestinal cancer North Baden (2.2 million
      inhabitants).
AB  - The advantages of a population-based registry are discussed. It is shown that a
      registry for gastro-intestinal cancer in a district with expert medical care
      based upon histo-pathological diagnosis, has the principal advantage that it
      limits the sites of material collection to a few effective contributors, thus
      providing highly accurate data. The disadvantage of collecting data by two
      separate steps should be tolerated. The geographic situation and the organization
      of the regional registry for gastro-intestinal cancer in North Baden are
      described and the incidences for these cancers for the years 1971-1975 are given
      for the population of 2.2 million.

PMID- 153035
TI  - [Incidence and post-mortem frequency of malignant tumors of the stomach, colon,
      rectum, and lung (author's transl)].
AB  - A method for determining the incidence of malignancies of the stomach, colon,
      rectum, and lungs has been based on the frequency of the tumors in the autopsy
      material of the Institute of Pathology of the University of Heidelberg for the
      period 1900 to 1975. The main goal of this model is time independent selection of
      autopsy material indicated by an almost constant pattern for sex, average age at
      death, number of inhabitants, and number of autopsies. There is a relationship
      between incidence and autopsy frequency only when coding the diagnoses
      independently of their contributions to the cause of death. The results show a
      nearly constant incidence of stomach cancer, a steady incidence of colon and
      rectal cancer which, however, differs for men and women, and a large increase in
      the incidence of lung cancer.

PMID- 153036
TI  - Extent and level of fascial involvement in 100 cases with nodular fasciitis.
AB  - Nodular fasciitis (NF) shows a cellular proliferation which leads to widening of
      the fascia. Frequently unilateral or more often bilateral disruption of the
      fascia, with an infiltrative pattern is present. Subcutaneous fascia and
      surrounding fat are involved. Superficially the cellular proliferation may extend
      into dermal connective tissue. Deeper muscular tissue may be involved, with
      transitional forms or purely intramuscular changes, compatible with proliferative
      myositis. Proliferative myositis is considered to be a deep-seated variant of NF
      with muscular involvement. Intramuscular myxoma may be thought of as an
      intramuscular and mucoid variant of NF. A bilateral infiltrative pattern was most
      frequently found at all levels; in cases with muscular involvement it was always
      present.

PMID- 153037
TI  - Arteriosclerosis without end. Principles of pathogenesis and an attempt at a
      nosologic classification.

PMID- 153038
TI  - The early events of experimental Brucella infection in the mouse. Relationships
      of bacteria with phagocytic cells and lymphoid tissue responses.

PMID- 153039
TI  - Immunhistochemical and electron microscope analysis of adenomas of the thyroid
      gland. II. Adenomas with specific cytological differentiation.

PMID- 153040
TI  - [The so-called cardiac myxoma. Histological, electron microscopical,
      immunofluorescence, and biochemical investigations in 3 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Three cardiac Myxomas were studied by light-, immuno-fluorescence and electron
      microscopy. Acid mucopolysaccharides of the tumour were isolated
      chromatographically. The surfaces of the "myxomas" were papillary in two cases
      and smooth in one. The smooth surfaced tumour recurred six months after primary
      resection; histological specimens were more cellular than those of the papillary
      tumors and showed nuclear polymorphism and mitoses. The cells of two papillary
      tumours were identified as endocardial by electron microscopy, however, the cells
      of the smooth surfaced tumour were typical myofibroblasts. In both types of
      "myxomas" the cells were rich on cytoplasmic filament that contained acto-myosin.
      Biochemical investigation failed to reveal any difference between the acid
      mucopolysaccharide pattern of the two tumour types; isolated mucopolysaccharides
      being typical for embryonal mesenchymal tissue. The authors agree with Albertini
      (1963), that "cardiac myxoma" is a misnomer for two different typical endocardial
      tumours: a true endothelioma and a "special fibroma" (myofibroma or
      myofibrosarcoma).

PMID- 153041
TI  - [Xanthofibrogranulomatosis. Classification, localization, morphology,
      pathogenesis (author's transl)].

PMID- 153042
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of bubble formation in human fatal accidents after
      exposure to compressed air.
AB  - Electron microscopic investigations were performed on samples of human tissue
      obtained from subjects following fatal decompression sickness, associated with
      hyperbaric air-therapy. Intra- and extracellular gas bubbles of varying size were
      identified throughout the entire body. Each bubble was covered by an osmiophilic
      non-homogeneous coat of cloudy and flocculent material, native to its specific
      locality. This envelope measured from 30 to 560 Angstroem-units in thickness.
      Association of this covering with an electrokinetic zonal activity, detected
      biophysically by Lee and Hairston (1971) is assumed. We consider this surface
      coat prevents nitrogen from being eliminated via the blood-lung barrier.

PMID- 153043
TI  - Pressure-flow relationships and pathological changes during renal preservation.
AB  - The renal pedicle of one kidney from each of four dogs was ligated for one hour.
      The contralateral kidney served as a control. Both kidneys were removed and
      perfused using the "Belzer" technique. Pressure-flow relationships were
      determined and biopsy samples taken. The vasculature was then injected with
      silicone rubber. Perfusion resistance, vascular filling with silicone rubber and
      observations made by electron microscopy were compared.

PMID- 153044
TI  - Value of the bone biopsy in the diagnosis of industrial fluorosis.

PMID- 153045
TI  - Aberrant subclavian artery (arteria lusoria): sex differences in the prevalence
      of various forms of the malformation. Evaluation of 1378 observations.
AB  - 43 original and 1335 previously published observations of aberrant subclavian
      artery (A. lusoria) were analyzed. The sex distribution varied for different
      types of the malformation: females predominated over males in instances of right
      aberrant subclavian artery and if pre-stenotic A. lusoria was combined with
      coarctation of the aorta. Male predominance was found in cases of combination of
      post-stenotic A. lusoria with coarctation and of aberrant left subclavian artery.
      An equal sex distribution was observed for A. lusoria combined with interruption
      of the aortic arch. Clinical, pathological and embryological aspects of the
      condition are discussed.

PMID- 153046
TI  - Psammoma bodies in meningioma. Appearance by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Psammoma bodies from eight memingiomas have been examined by both light and
      scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bodies are primarily composed of calcium
      apatite which is deposited within a nidus of tightly laminated collagen fibers.

PMID- 153047
TI  - [A formerly little known melanin of glial origin in the brain ("cerebellar glial
      melanin") (author's transl)].

PMID- 153048
TI  - Eosinophilic pancreatitis in the newborn infant of a diabetic mother.
AB  - The authors have studied the pancreas of a premature female infant born to a
      diabetic mother. The findings included a peri-insular eosinophilic leucocyte
      infiltration, macropolinesia and a marked increase in B cells. In the exocrime
      parenchyma small B cells aggregates were also observed. B cells contained
      voluminous hypercromatic muclei and degranulated cytoplasm. Morphometric data
      demonstrated an increase in islet tissue. These morphological findings are
      indicative of excessive insulin secretion. The presence of eosinophilic
      leucocytes in pancreatic tissue and the pathogenic mechanism involved are
      discussed.

PMID- 153049
TI  - Sternberg-Reed cells with intracytoplasmic lymphocytes. Phagocytosis or
      emperipolesis?
AB  - Phagocytosis by Sternberg-Reed cells is a rare phenomenon. A case of nodular
      sclerosis type of Hodgkin's disease with large numbers of apparently vital
      lymphocytes in the cytoplasm of the Sternberg-Reed cells is described in this
      paper. The question whether this feature is the result of phagocytosis or
      emperipolesis is discussed.

PMID- 153050
TI  - [Speleotherapy in a karst cave].

PMID- 153051
TI  - [Effect of the alpine climate of the Mount Elbrus area on the hemodynamics of
      healthy children and adolescents].

PMID- 153052
TI  - [Effect of comprehensive treatment at Sochi on spinal functions in lumbar
      osteochondrosis].

PMID- 153053
TI  - [Effect of naphthenic hydrocarbons from Naftalan petroleum and their fractions on
      the catecholamine level in the blood].

PMID- 153054
TI  - [150th anniversary of the health resort of Staraya Russa].

PMID- 153055
TI  - [Sanatorium-health resort treatment of glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 153056
TI  - [Murad Gapaevich Berdyklychev (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 153057
TI  - [Boris Vasil'evich Bogutskii (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 153058
TI  - [Laparoscopic examination in female sterility].

PMID- 153059
TI  - [Immunopathomechanisms in pulmo-renal syndrome].

PMID- 153060
TI  - Experimental studies of a nonwoven vascular prosthesis for use in small arteries:
      invited commentary.

PMID- 153061
TI  - Increased aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in hepatic microsomes from
      streptozotocin-diabetic female rats.
AB  - In streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats, hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon
      hydroxylase (AHH) activity was depressed to less than control values, but was
      increased in microsomes from diabetic female rats. Insulin treatment of diabetic
      animals returned the altered AHH activity to control values in both sexes of
      rats. 2. Hepatic microsomal AHH activity was increased over control values in
      both sexes of diabetic mice. 3. Protection of female rats from the diabetogenic
      effects of streptozotocin by nicotinamide pretreatment also prevented the
      increase in AHH activity observed in unprotected animals. 4. Treatment of control
      and diabetic female rats with 3-methylcholanthrene resulted in larger increases
      in hepatic AHH activity in control animals, but similar increases in cytochrome P
      448 content occurred in both treatment groups. 5. Differential stimulatory or
      inhibitory effects on AHH activity were observed after the addition of SKF 525-A,
      metyrapone, and rotenone to hepatic microsomes in vitro from control and diabetic
      female rats. However, similar stimulatory responses in AHH activity were observed
      after addition of alpha-naphthoflavone to microsomes from both treatment groups.

PMID- 153062
TI  - [Determination of the sensitivity of mycobacteria to pyrazinamide and
      nicotinamide (author's transl)].
AB  - Since pyrazinamide (PZA) has had a come-back in therapy of tuberculosis a simple
      and reliable method for sensitivity tests has been necessary. A comparison of
      resistance tests to PZA in acid Lowenstein-Jensen-medium and in fluid medium with
      those to nicotinamide (NSA) showed a clear superiority of the NSA method,
      recommended by BRANDER. Also in routine sensitivity tests the use of NSA instead
      of PZA has stood the test. Another advantage of the method is the possibility to
      integrate it in the simplified proportion method without any additional work.

PMID- 153063
TI  - [Sociologic studies in acne vulgaris. 1. Disease significance of acne vulgaris].
AB  - A questionnaire was presented to 2009 18--19 year old military recruitment
      candidates which enabled assessment of antipathy towards patients with severe
      acne vulgaris, the occupational handicap associated with severe acne and
      subjective inhibitions in acne patients. In addition, these persons were examined
      clinically with regard to presence of acne vulgaris. Finally, the level of
      education of the persons questioned was determined. The investigations show that
      severe acne has an appreciable disease rating. This results from antipathy of
      other people, the occupational inpediment and the psychological inhibitions of
      the acne patient. This disease rating appears to be objectively greater the lower
      the level of education of the acne patient. The disease rating does not appear to
      be entirely clear to the acne patient with a low level of education.

PMID- 153064
TI  - The change in carcinogenic effectiveness of some cyclic nitrosamines at different
      doses.
AB  - The carcinogenic effectiveness in rats of three cyclic nitrosamines administered
      at two doses separated by a factor of five has been studied. All three compounds
      showed a response at the lower dose quite different from that at the higher dose.
      One, 2,6-dimethyl-dinitrosopiperazine, was only a little less effective at the
      lower dose than at the higher dose, giving 100% nasal turbinate tumors, but only
      33% esophageal tumors, compared with 100% esophageal tumors at the higher dose.
      3,4-Dichloronitrosopiperidine gave 100% incidence of esophageal tumors at the
      higher dose. At the lower dose, survival of the rats was very much better, some
      living 80 weeks, and, in addition to the esophagus, there were tumors of several
      organs including forestomach, tongue, and nasal turbinates. On the other hand,
      2,6-dimethylnitrosomorpholine was a very much weaker carcinogen at the lower than
      at the higher dose, only six animals dying with tumors, compared with 100%
      incidence at the higher dose. However, the pattern of mortality of rats given the
      lower dose of dimethylnitrosomorpholine was similar to that of rats given the
      lower dose of dichloronitrosopiperidine.

PMID- 153065
TI  - Nitrate nitrogen levels in drinking water of urban areas with high- and low-risk
      populations for stomach cancer: an environmental epidemiology study.
AB  - A correlation study between mean nitrate nitrogen levels (ppm) in drinking water
      samples (N = 1389) of Chilean urban areas and age-adjusted death rates per 100
      000 population from stomach cancer, by province or region and sex, was made.
      Drinking water samples from all provinces (N = 25) had a weighed mean of 1.446
      ppm (S.E.M. 0.068) with a range of 0.00--30.00 ppm. Nitrate nigrogen levels
      showed a positive but not significant association with male death rates. The
      correlation coefficient was +0.0335. Similarly, such levels did exhibit a
      positive but not significant correlation with female death rates (r = +0.0486).
      When NO3-N levels and male (r = +0.1367) or female (r = +0.1143) death rates were
      studied, by region, positive but insignificant correlations were detected. Using
      Cochran's approximation, mean nitrate nitrogen levels in drinking water samples
      from six provinces with 50% of the Chilean population (period 1953--55 versus
      1973--75), showed a decrease from 1.835 to 1.291 ppm, but there was no
      significant difference (t = 1.32) between the two values, except in samples from
      Santiago Province (t = 2.11, P less than 0.05). Provinces (south central area)
      showing the highest gastric cancer mortality rates in the world for females (up
      to 40.8/100,000), and ranking second for males (up to 84.1/100,000), exhibited a
      very low mean level (0.825 ppm).

PMID- 153067
TI  - The fine structure of monoclonal Hodgkin cells cultured in diffusion chambers.
AB  - Pleural effusion cells from two patients with stage IV Hodgkin's disease have
      been cultured continuously in diffusion chambers in mice and studied by electron
      microscopy after a culture period exceeding 100 days. Cell identity and
      monoclonal growth in culture has been documented by marker chromosomes (Hossfeld
      and Schmidt, 1978). These cultured cells grow in close connection, projecting
      pseudopode-like processes into the intercellular spaces. Most nuclei are
      lobulated. They always are of low electron density with a norrow rim of condensed
      chromatin confined to the nuclear membrane. One large prominent nucleolus and up
      to four smaller nucleoli are found. Nuclear pockets in case 1 and deep
      cytoplasmic invaginations into the nuclear area in both cases frequently occur.
      In the cytoplasm, besides microtubuli and fibrils, the Golgi apparatus and
      mitochondria are the predominant organelles. Most mitochondria appear to be
      dilated containing fragmented cristae. Free ribosomes and polysomal aggregates
      are randomly distributed. The ratio nucleoplasm:cytoplasm, on the average, is 0.7
      in both cases and the cell diameters lie distinctly above those of lymphocytes.
      At the electron microscope level these cultured monoclonal cells of Hodgkin's
      disease are not distinguishable from those described in genuine Hodgkin material.
      Their probable origin and apparent relation to true histiocytic lymphoma cells
      will be discussed.

PMID- 153066
TI  - [Change of toxicity and carcinogenicity of n-methyl-n-nitrosobenzylamine in rats
      by methylsubstitution at the c-atoms adjacent to nitrogen (author's transl)].
AB  - Substitution with a methyl group at the C-atoms adjacent to nitrogen of N-nitroso
      N-methylbenzylamine (NMBA) results in a considerable reduction LD 50: N-nitroso-N
      methylbenzylamine : 18 mg/kg (Druckrey et al., 1967) N-nitroso-N-methyl-(1
      phenyl)-ethylamine (I) : 600 mg/kg N-nitroso-N-methyl-2-(2-phenyl)-propylamine
      (II) : 2100 mg/kg N-nitroso-N-ethyl-benzylamine (III) : 250 mg/kg Substitution
      with a methyl group at the methylene of the moiety of NMBA (NMPEA I) reduces also
      the carcinogenic activity, but it produces in all animals carcinomas of the
      oesophagus and the pharynx; the replacement of both H-atoms by methyl groups
      (NMPPA, II) causes under the condition chosen no development of tumors, because
      for the activation step no proton is available. The exchange of N-methyl by N
      ethyl of NMBA (NEBA, III) however produces no change in the carcinogenicity.

PMID- 153068
TI  - Effect of splenectomy on B- and T-lymphocytes and a benzpyrene-induced murine
      sarcoma.
AB  - The investigation of 400 adult mice had the objective to find out 1. The
      influence of splenectomy on genesis and growth of a benzpyrene-induced sarcoma
      and 2. The behavior of B- and T-lymphocytes under the influence of splenectomy.
      RESULTS: 1. A significantly lower number of tumors developed in splenectomized
      animals (28.5%) as compared to controls (49.5%). 2. A significant decrease of B
      lymphocytes and an increase in T cells after splenectomy were found in the
      peripheral blood. 3. The examination of the tumor marginal zone showed a
      decreased number of B-lymphocytes and an increase of T-lymphocytes, while the
      total count of round cells remained unchanged. These results are discussed and
      compared with results of other authors.

PMID- 153069
TI  - Release of glycolytic enzymes from cultivated tumor cells.
AB  - Several types of cultured cells release glycolytic enzymes into their suspending
      medium. This effect is most obvious with tumor cells, especially with their
      ascites forms. Erythrocytes do not release glycolytic enzymes. The total
      extracellular phosphoglucose isomerase activity consists of two components. One
      part is dissolved in the medium, the other one is sedimentable at 150 X g
      together with the cells. The latter seems to be localized at the cell surface. At
      densities of about 10(6) cells/ml maximum activity in the medium is reached
      within 5--10 min. After that no further release of enzyme activity can be
      observed. Serum reduces the rate of enzyme release considerably. This effect can
      be reversed by washing with protein free media. Treatment with trypsin leads to
      high extracellular phosphoglucose isomerase activities of the cells which
      originally show low external enzyme activity. Erythrocytes do not show any effect
      with trypsin, ascites tumor cells do not alter their high extracellular enzyme
      activity. At a density of 10(5) cells/ml, Yoshida acites tumor cells, cultured in
      vitro, release about 12% of originally intracellular phosphoglucose isomerase
      activity by 5 elutions with fresh medium. The process of enzyme release shows a
      certain selectivity in respect to different glycolytic enzymes. Aldolase exhibits
      the highest activity in the medium in relation to its homogenate activity.

PMID- 153070
TI  - Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia in cancer patients with bone marrow
      infiltration.
AB  - Eight patients suffering from wide-spread malignancies presented with a severe
      microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MHA) without gross evidence for coagulation
      abnormalities. The common feature in these patients was bone marrow infiltration
      with malignant cells, suggesting a pathogenic link between bone marrow carcinosis
      and red cell destruction. Furthermore, it is concluded that MHA is a rare
      complication of malignancy and a terminal syndrome rather than an early
      manifestation of the disease.

PMID- 153071
TI  - In vitro studies of human breast carcinoma cells obtained by aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Cells from 14 human breast carcinoma were obtained by aspiration biopsy and used
      for in vitro cultivation. Growth could be observed in three cultures, which were
      derived from solid, partly adenoid growing tumors with metastases in the axillary
      nodes. The growth started after 2--6 days in culture and lasted 2--4 weeks. No
      permanent line could be established.

PMID- 153072
TI  - The ultrastructural differentiation of synaptic sites in the inner plexiform
      layer of a teleostean retina.
AB  - The differentiation of axon terminals in the retina inner plexiform layer was
      studied by electron microscopy, with special reference to synaptic junctions,
      number and size of synaptic vesicles, dense core vesicles, biogenic amines and
      ATPase. Five types of synaptic junctions were found, including a ribbon type.
      They appear on different days of embryonic life and show different patterns of
      increase. The ultrastructural differentiation of the most frequent type is
      described in detail. The numbers of synaptic vesicles indicate the existence of
      three types of axon terminals which appear on different days. These and other
      data lead to the following model: The contacts between amacrine cells are the
      first to appear, followed by amacrine--bipolar cell contacts and amacrine-
      ganglion cell contacts. The latter are the most frequent ones and increase
      immediately after having appeared, while amacrine--bipolar cell contacts increase
      only some days later, which is also the case for bipolar--amacrine cell contacts.
      Biogenic amines and cytochemically detectable ATPase appear along with the
      formation of synaptic sites.

PMID- 153073
TI  - [Postcontraceptive acne].

PMID- 153074
TI  - [Experimental studies of the distribution of intravenously injected iodine
      labeled cytonal (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)].
AB  - After intravenous injection the distribution of iodine-labelled
      diethylstilbestral-diphosphate (cytonal) was investigated in various organs of
      the rat. For this purpose the concentration of activity in the organs of the
      animals were established by measurements of specimens in the bore-hole counter
      and scintigrams were made by means of a small animal scanner. The result was an
      unequivocal temporary dependence of the enrichment of the substance in the
      organs. The greatest enrichment was found 10 minutes after injection in the
      liver, then followed blood, kidneys, adrenal glands, seminal vesicles, prostate,
      abdominal wall and the fatty tissue surrounding the prostate. The blood activity
      relatively decreased. 7 days after injection an unambiguously higher activity was
      to be proved in the liver, kidney, adrenal gland than in the blood, whereas the
      enrichment of iodine-labelled diethylstilbestraldiphosphate in prostate, seminal
      vesicle, fatty and muscular tissue was always below the enrichment of the blood.
      But in every case the relation of organ activity to blood activity changed in
      favour of the organ activity, also with regard to the prostate. 10 minutes after
      injection the concentration of the activity of the seminal vesicle was somewhat
      higher than that one of the prostate, but in the further course it was below the
      concentration of the activity of the prostate. During the first two hours the
      fatty tissue surrounding the prostate showed a clearly and after the third day a
      slightly lower activity concentration than the prostate. On the basis of this
      distribution of the activity for the scintigraphy of the prostate above all a
      temporary interval of about 10 minutes to 3 hours after the injection of labelled
      cytonal is involved. The results cause us to perform investigations in men
      concerning the pharmacokinetics and the possibility of using radioactively
      labelled cytonal.

PMID- 153075
TI  - [Breaking up the Kirghiz SSR into climatic zones in studying natural arbovirus
      foci].

PMID- 153076
TI  - [Several epidemiologic features of the spread of chickenpox and herpes zoster].
AB  - Epidemiological and statistical data of herpes zoster and chickenpox by such
      indices as morbidity level, periodicity and month-by-month changes in the
      incidence of these diseases were compared. The study included 2345 herpes zoster
      and 11116 chickenpox cases in the course of 5 years (1972--1976). In comparison
      with herpes zoster, the intensity of chickenpox spread among the population was
      on the average 4.7 times greater. Of the total number of chickenpox cases the
      percentage of herpes zoster contituted 21.0. Chickenpox morbidity had marked
      seasonal cyclic nature with the amplitude of seasonal variations of about 8; as
      to herpes zoster--there was no annual or seasonal cyclicity. Thus, in the
      development of chickenpox and herpes zoster epidemic process there was revealed a
      peculiar tendency inherent to each of these infections; no common epidemiological
      and statistical regularities in the spread intensity, annual periodicity and
      seasonal cyclicity were detected.

PMID- 153077
TI  - [Several principles for epidemiologic evaluation of individual regions of the
      Trans-Caucasian plains-piedmont natural focus of plague].
AB  - The authors analyse many-year data concerning the epizootological study of seven
      landscape-geographical regions of the Eastern Transcaucasus differing by natural
      conditions and the enzootic intensity. Quantitative assessment of natural
      nidality determined by the level (norm) of many-year indices calculated for the
      years of 1955--1974 are presented for each region. Flea vectors were more
      numerous in localities of stable enzootic manifestation; also the numbers of
      Meriones erythrourus (carrier rodent) was more stable than in the regions of
      temporary occurrence of the causative agent and those free of plague. Many-year
      level of the flea (X. conformis) abundance index equal to one served as the
      threshold value determining the territory enzooticity.

PMID- 153078
TI  - [Nikolai Nikolaevich Zhukov-Verezhnikov (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 153079
TI  - Submitochondrial localization and function of alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase
      in maize seedlings.
AB  - Alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase and Mg-ATPase are localized within the
      mitoplast of maize seeding mitochondria. NaF inhibited the PPase activity,
      whereas oligomycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibited the Mg-ATPase activity.
      The mitoplast preparation synthesized PPi from Pi under conditions excluding
      hydrolysis of endogenous ATP. PPi synthesis was inhibited by ADP, antimycin A,
      NaCN and 2,4- dinitrophenol but not by oligomycin. It is suggested that PPi
      synthesis in the maize seedling mitochondria proceeds at the expense of the
      energy of electron transport chain and is independent of the ATP synthesis.

PMID- 153080
TI  - A study on the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on so-called cervical
      ripening.
AB  - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) is now used for a dynamic test of placental
      function by many obstetricians. While practicing this test, the authors found
      that DHAS markedly promoted so-called "cervical ripening". To study this problem,
      DHAS of 50 or 100 mg in multiple doses were injected into 132 Japanese pregnant
      women in their 38th--42nd week of gestation. The change in Bishop score was
      carefully recorded. Bishop score in the injected groups of primiparae (100 mg)
      began to rise much sooner than the control groups (p less than 0.01 on seventh
      day and 14th day). However, such significant difference in the rise of Bishop
      score was not noted in the multiparae and primiparae with 50 mg. Although the
      rise of score is not significant, the duration (day) from injection to delivery
      was shorter in the injected group than the control group (t=2.1529, p less than
      0.05 in primiparae with 50 mg, t=3.8829, p less than 0.01 with 100 mg, t=2.1029,
      p less than 0.05 in multiparae with 50 mg). In some of these cases, labor began
      or delivery was finished within 24 hrs. Among the factors of Bishop score, mainly
      the effacement, consistency and dilatation of the cervix were remarkably improved
      by DHAS injection (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.05). Side effects of any type
      were not seen in the mothers and foetuses. As a conclusion, DHAS injection in
      considered to produce favorable conditions for delivery in women with "unripe
      cervix" by softening the soft birth canal. Furthermore, it is suggested that DHAS
      might play an important role in triggering labor.

PMID- 153081
TI  - Assessment of lung function on healthy children using an electronic spirometer
      and an air-flowmeter before and after inhalation of an adrenergic receptor
      stimulant.
AB  - VC measured with a Monaghan electronic spirometer equipped with a backflow valve
      is significantly lower (about 4%) than when measured with the same spirometer
      without such a valve. The measurements of FEV1.0 were not influenced by the
      valve. 73 healthy children were investigated with the Monaghan spirometer
      equipped with the backflow valve and normal reference data were established. The
      results were very similar to those obtained in an investigation of healthy
      children with the same spirometer about one year earlier. Reference data on
      children for a simple flow meter, Airflometer (Glaxo Ltd.), are given. The data
      correlated very highly to the FEV1.0 values obtained by the Monaghan spirometer.
      After inhalation of salbutamol healthy children had a small and significant
      increase of FEV1.0 and of the Airflometer value but not of VC. The deviations of
      the differences were small. A 6% increase of VC and 10% increase of FEV1.0 were
      taken as normal upper limits after inhalation of salbutamol. Corresponding
      increase of the Airflometer values was 15 arbitrary units for children with body
      heights 116--145 cm and 21 units for children with body heights 146--175 cm.

PMID- 153082
TI  - Formation of complexes composed of C1r, C1s, and C1 inactivator in human serum on
      activation of C1.

PMID- 153083
TI  - The interaction between manganese and ethanol in rats.
AB  - The effects of manganese and ethanol interaction on some chemical constituents of
      the liver and serum of rats were investigated in order to assess the influence of
      these substances in inducing susceptibility to manganese poisoning. Manganese and
      ethanol alone or in combination were administered to the rats as drinking
      solutions for a period of 30 days. Both the chemicals had a synergistic effect in
      altering the activity of SDH and ATPase in the liver of rats. The combined
      treatment also produced significant increase in the activity of adenosine
      deaminase and alpha-amylase in the liver and serum respectively. Furthermore, the
      accumulation of manganese in the liver and the increase in the calcium content of
      the serum were significantly greater after combined ethanol and manganese
      administration--than either of them alone. These alterations indicate that the
      toxic effects of manganese are enhanced when the metal and ethanol interact in
      the biological system.

PMID- 153084
TI  - Intra-abdominal pressure changes during natural movements in man.
AB  - The weight of the upper part of the trunk is partially transmitted to the pelvis
      via the vertebral column. If the muscle walls around the abdominal cavity are
      contracted, a high pressure can be generated within the cavity (greater than 200
      mmHg). The abdominal space can them transmit part of weight to, e.g., the upper
      part of the body, Intra-abdominal pressure recordings have been performed during
      locomotion and other natural movements with intragastric pressure recordings.
      With each step, there is a phasic variation in pressure, with its peak coinciding
      with that of the peak vertical force exerted by the leg against the ground. The
      peak values increase progressively with the speed of walking/running up to a mean
      of 38 mmHg and with trough values of 16 mmHg. The phasic variations with each
      step is due to a phasic activation of the abdominal muscles, with an EMG activity
      starting 50 ms or more before foot contact. If an extra load is put on the back,
      the posture changes and at the highest speed of running the pressure values are
      significantly higher than without this additional load. After a jump down from a
      moderate height of 0.4 m, the average increase is 89 mmHg and can often exceed
      100 mmHg. These pressure changes are large and will presumably act to unload the
      spine under the prevailing biomechanical conditions and, in addition, there will
      no doubt be an effect on the circulatory system.

PMID- 153085
TI  - Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to prolonged noradrenaline load and their
      antagonism by beta blockade in the rat.
AB  - Rats were given daily injections of noradrenaline (0.5 mg/kg), alprenolol (20
      mg/kg), or both together for 17 to 39 days. Noradrenaline injections increased
      the size of the heart, interscapular brown adipose tissue (ISBAT) and, when the
      injections were given at a thermoneutral environment, the metabolic activity of
      the ISBAT. Alprenolol injections tended to reduce the size of the heart and ISBAT
      and, at a thermoneutral environment, metabolic activity of the skeletal muscle.
      Furthermore, noradrenaline treatment improved tolerance against body cooling in
      water at 25 degrees C and enhanced calorigenic response to injected
      noradrenaline. The metabolic alterations in the rats injected with both drugs
      together resembled more those of the animals injected with alprenolol only than
      those of the noradrenaline treated rats. It can be thus concluded that
      alprenolol, when given together with noradrenaline, antagonized noradrenaline
      induced metabolic alterations in the organism. However, the increased pressor
      response to infused noradrenaline, which was evident in the alprenolol treated
      animals, was not seen in the animals treated with both drugs. By contrast, these
      animals, like also the noradrenaline-treated animals, showed decreased pressor
      response to noradrenaline. This finding suggests that prolonged beta blockade
      does not abolish the decreased sensitivity of alpha-adrenoreceptors following
      prolonged noradrenaline load. On the other hand, the hypotonic response to a beta
      adrenergic drug, isoprenaline, was reduced by prolonged beta blockade despite
      simultaneous noradrenaline injections.

PMID- 153086
TI  - Megaloblastic anemia in Japan.

PMID- 153087
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus. I. Concentration and purification of the infectious
      virus.
AB  - Respiratory syncytial (RS) virus can be purified without losing its infectivity
      provided that each step of purification is carried out using NT buffer containing
      over 20% sucrose. Firstly, the virus grown on HES cells is efficiently removed
      from the culture fluid by precipitating with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6,000, and
      the precipitate is suspended in a small amount of 20% sucrose-NT buffer, which
      results in about a 24-fold concentration of the original material. Then this
      suspension is centrifugated through 30% sucrose-NT buffer to obtain pellets,
      which are again suspended in 20% sucrose-NT buffer. This suspension is further
      centrifuged by discontinuous and linear sucrose density gradient. Finally, the
      specific infectivity of the purified virus was increased about 3,000-fold over
      that of the original material.

PMID- 153088
TI  - Studies of liver phosphorylase in hepatic injuries. I. Alteration in enzyme
      activity.
AB  - Phosphorylase activities (total and a form) were determined in the livers of
      experimental hepatic injuries with carbon tetrachloride or galactosamine and the
      livers of patients with liver diseases. Experimental liver injuries caused a
      slight decrease in total activity in later stages and a marked increase in a form
      activity in earlier stages. In human livers, low values of total activity were
      found in acute hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver with no consistent alteration
      in a activity. Phosphorylase activities in hepatocellular carcinomas were also
      low. The importance of the altered phosphorylase activities in hepatic injuries
      is discussed in relation to the disorder in glycogen metabolism in the injured
      liver.

PMID- 153089
TI  - Induction of hemopoiesis in rat embryonic bone transplanted into adult
      subcutaneous connective tissue.
AB  - Five pairs of immature, non-hemopoietic femur and tibia from 17-day-old gestating
      female rat fetuses, whose sex was determined by chromosomal analysis of liver
      cells, were transplanted into subcutaneous tissues of adult male rats. The
      original bones were about 3 mm in length and they grew to about 17 mm length at 4
      wereks after transplantation. Bone deformation was not evident after
      transplantation and bone marrow hemopoiesis developed. Bone marrow cytohistologic
      observations were made on smears, and chromosome analyses were performed on bone
      marrow cells. Active erythro-, myelo- and megakaryopoiesis were conducted by
      cells of recipient adult rats. Sex chromosome analysis of cartilage cells from
      the epiphyses of transplanted bones demonstrated that the growing bones were
      composed of cells from the grafted embryo. The results thus strongly suggest that
      the transition of hemopoiesis from liver to bone marrow in late embryonic
      development is conducted by stem cells migrating through circulating blood and
      settling in the bone marrow and not by in situ cells differentiating in the bone
      marrow stroma.

PMID- 153090
TI  - Homovanillic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid.--Its concentration gradient and
      reduced levels in patients with epilepsy.
AB  - The homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) were determined in 38 epileptic and 39 control patients. The mean
      concentration of HVA was 23.9 ng/ml +/- 2.8 SEM for the epileptic group and 30.2
      ng/ml +/- 2.1 SEM for the control group, respectively. Thus, HVA was
      significandly reduced in the patients with epilepsy compared with the controls.
      The mean HVA in the female patients was higher than in the male patients in both
      groups but this failed to reach statistical significance. There was no apparent
      relationship between the degree of reduced HVA concentration and other clinical
      indexes of the epilepsy (age, type and frequency of seizures, and anticonvulsant
      medication). For the determination of concentration gradient of HVA three
      fractions of the spinal CSF were obtained from 11 patients. A pronounced gradient
      of HVA concentration was found with a ratio of 1 : 1.46 : 1.97 for the first,
      second and third fractions. This suggests that a standardized conditions for
      collecting CSF should be employed to study HVA levels in humans.

PMID- 153091
TI  - Potential endocrine effects of hypothalamic peptide "neurotensin" on pancreas in
      dogs.
AB  - Effects of synthetic neurotensin on the endocrine pancreas were studied in nine
      normal and six hypophysectomized (10th to 14th day post-hypophysectomy) dogs.
      Synthetic neurotensin was administered into the superior pancreaticoduodenal
      artery, and plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations were measured
      radioimmunologically. In normal dogs, ten microgram/kg neurotensin administration
      brought about a mild hyperglycemic response and sharp and rapid increase of
      plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations in the superior pancreaticoduodenal
      vein. A biphasic insulin response was noted in the pancreatic vein. The results
      suggest that a large dose of neurotensin acts directly on the endocrine pancreas
      causing secretion of these hormones. In hypophysectomized dogs, basal levels of
      plasma insulin and glucagon were decreased and neurotensin had little effect on
      the endocrine pancreas even with the administration of a large dose.

PMID- 153092
TI  - Lipoatrophic diabetes. Report of a case.
AB  - The female patient initially showed the acquired type of total lipoatrophy at
      about 8 years of age. At 12 years of age, the onset of diabetes mellitus was
      speculated from advanced pyodermia and dedentition. At 29 years of age,
      glucosuria was found, and she developed proteinuria, ascites, and pretibial
      edema. The physical examination revealed: hepatosplenomegaly, complete absence of
      subcutanous fat, cutaneous xanthomas, and emaciated facies with pronounced
      zygomatic arches. Diabetic retinopathy was revealed in the ophthalmological
      examination, and nephropathy was evident in renal biopsy specimens. She also had
      peripheral diabetic neuropathy. No adipose tissue was found in the mesenterium
      under peritoneoscopy. The hepatic biopsy specimen revealed advanced portal liver
      cirrhosis. Laboratory findings included: hyperlipidemia, elevation of BMR without
      evidence of hyperthyroidism, impaired renal function, and undetected anti-insulin
      antibodies and anti-insulin antibodies. Endocrinological examinations revealed
      normal value, except for an impaired hGH response in the arginine test. C-peptide
      immunoreactivity was high. Her condition was fairly well controlled by 140 units
      of insulin injection daily.

PMID- 153093
TI  - Studies of liver phosphorylase in hepatic injuries II. Alteration in isozyme
      pattern.
AB  - Enzyme deviations in injured livers were studied by analyzing isozyme patterns of
      phosphorylase using a newly developed electrophoretic method, which separates six
      molecular species of this enzyme, i.e. M,FM,F,L,L', and FL'. In hepatic injuries
      caused by CCl4 and galactosamine intoxications of rats, F appeared in early
      stages and L' (and FL') in later stages of the injuries with a concurrent
      decrease or loss of L, which is a sole isozyme component of adult liver. In
      injured livers of patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver, increases
      in FL' activity were also found. Appearance of F was found only in hepatocellular
      carcinoma. The results obtained with phosphorylase isozyme analysis support the
      idea that an undifferentiated gene expression takes place in the injured livers
      of non-malignant hepatic disorders.

PMID- 153094
TI  - Studies on human liver bilirubin-UDP-glycosyl transferase. I. Assay methods for
      bilirubin-UDP-glucuronyl and -xylosyl transferases of human liver specimen.
AB  - Micromethods for estimation of bilirubin uridine diphosphate-glucuronyl and 
      xylosyl transferases in liver are described. With these methods, a liver specimen
      as small as 10 mg is sufficient for assay of either enzyme activity and 15 mg is
      sufficient for assay of both enzymes. Normal values for livers with minimal
      elevation of SGOT and minimal histological change were 0.260-0.400 U/g protein
      for glucuronyl transferase and 0.142-0.302 U/g protein for xylosyl transferase.

PMID- 153095
TI  - An inhibitory substance of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in urine of
      diabetic patients.
AB  - In urine of diabetics, a significantly great inhibitory activity of
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP-Dehyd) was observed compared with
      that of normal subjects. The 0.2 ml of urine from 41 patients with diabetes
      mellitus inhibited 0.5 units of GAP-Dehyd by 27.2 +/- 3.0% (mean +/- S.E.M.),
      while that from 17 normal volunteers inhibited only by 9.0 +/- 1.0% (P less than
      0.05). This inhibitory substance was extracted by 90% ethanol from diabetic urine
      and partially purified by anion exchange chromatography using Dowex-1 (HCOO
      type). The molecular weight of this substance was confirmed to be 100--300
      daltons by an analysis on Biogel P-4 gel filtration chromatography. And analysis
      by thin layer chromatography using silicagel plate showed that this inhibitor was
      a ninhydrin reactive substance which has not been reported previously. From the
      above facts, it was assumed that the inhibitory substance of GAP-Dehyd in urine
      of diabetics was a new acidic compound of low molecular weight containing an
      amino residue in the molecule.

PMID- 153096
TI  - Discriminant analysis of bronchial asthma by linear discriminant function with
      parameters of flow-volumes: discriminant analysis of bronchial asthma in young
      male non-smokers.
AB  - With the parameters of a flow-volume and a volume-time curve, the discriminant
      analysis of bronchial asthma is described. The subjects were classified into
      three groups (healthy adults, mild asthmatic patients and moderates ones). The
      difference of the mean vectors of the parameters of the three groups was made
      clear by the selection methods of the discriminant analysis between any two of
      the groups both with 6 parameters (%FVC, FEV1.0%, peak flow rate (PF), flow rate
      at 50% of FVC (V50), flow rate at 25% of FVC (V25), and V50/V25) and with 8 (6
      parameters mentioned above and V75, V10). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second
      percent (FEV1.0%) or V50 was selected at the first step with 6 parameters, and
      V75 was selected at the first step with 8 parameters. Probabilities of
      misclassification with 8 parameters were lower than those with 6 ones and the
      probability of misclassification at the discriminant analysis between healthy
      adults and mild asthmatic patients with 8 parameters was 15.75% at the final
      step.

PMID- 153097
TI  - Immunotherapy of gastric cancer with levamisole.
AB  - Ninety-nine gastric cancer patients initially received levamisole at a daily dose
      of 150 mg for three consecutive days before operation. This therapy was repeated
      fortnightly (3-day administration followed by 11-day withdrawal period) for more
      than one month as long as possible and the survival rate up to 18 months was
      compared with thas of control patients. The 18 month survival rate of advanced
      Stage IV patients was significantly higher in patients receiving levamisole than
      that of control patients. The effects of levamisole in cases of advanced cancer
      have been discussed in relation to the literature available.

PMID- 153098
TI  - A patient with repeated syncopal attacks after using isosorbide dinitrate.
AB  - The case of a patient with repeated attacks of collapse induced by sublingual
      isosorbide dinitrate is reported. The patient was an 81 year-old female who was
      admitted to Yura Hospital because of attacks of precordial pain. Several minutes
      after the sublingual administration of isosorbide dinitrate (10 mg) for an
      anginal attack, she developed a sensation of general weakness, and thereafter
      because unconscious. Arterial blood pressure fell and became unmeasurable.
      Electrocardiograms recorded during the syncopal attack showed sinus tachycardia
      and significant elevation of ST-segment in right precordial leads. In response to
      a drip infusion of noradrenaline, arterial blood pressure returned to normal with
      recovery of consciousness. Two similar syncopal attacks induced by sublingual
      isosorbide dinitrate occurred in the next three days. These attacks were not due
      to augmentation of the vagal reflex. Decrease of venous return probably was the
      primary etiological factor.

PMID- 153099
TI  - Radionuclide assessment of regional myocardial perfusion with thallium-201.

PMID- 153100
TI  - Respiratory viral infections and renal disease.

PMID- 153101
TI  - Influence of hemodialysis on electrocardiographic wave forms.
AB  - Alterations in Frank lead electrocardiograms induced by hemodialysis were
      investigated in 19 patients with chronic renal failure. The most prominent
      findings after hemodialysis were marked increases in the magnitudes of the R wave
      in Leads X,Y, and Z, and of the maximal QRS vectors in the frontal, sagittal, and
      transverse planes. Echocardiographic and roentgenographic examinations revealed
      no evidence of pericardial effusion before and after hemodialysis. Although the
      true origin of these findings remains undetermined, it appears reasonable to
      speculate that the decreased intracavitary blood volume due to hemodialysis may
      cause an increase in the QRS voltage by a short-circuiting effect. It should be
      emphasized that a sudden increase in QRS amplitude after hemodialysis might lead
      to an erroneous diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy. The clinician should
      be aware of such voltage increases when examining the ECGs of patients who
      undergo hemodialysis.

PMID- 153102
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.
AB  - The echocardiographic features of pulmonary valvar atresia with intact
      ventricular septum are described. The pulmonary valve fails to open during
      systole: there is a large pre-systolic 'a' wave dip, but the pulmonary valve
      membrane then returns to its closed diastolic position where it remains for the
      remainder of the cardiac cycle. The echocardiogram also provides valuable
      information about right ventricular size, the tricuspid valve, and aorta-mitral
      and aorta-septal relations.

PMID- 153103
TI  - Right ventricular infarction complicating left ventricular infarction secondary
      to coronary heart disease. Frequency, location, associated findings and
      significance from analysis of 236 necropsy patients with acute or healed
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 153104
TI  - An interdisciplinary course for optometry students specializing in vision
      training.
AB  - The practice of primary-care optometry often necessitates interaction with
      professionals from varied backgrounds. This is especially true in the area of
      vision training, in which close coordination between professionals in schools,
      agencies, and clinics is necessary. Too often a communcation problem prevents
      beneficial interdisciplinary liaison. One way of ensuring that optometrists
      acquire communication and interaction skills is to provide seminars and courses
      in schools and colleges of optometry. The program described in this paper has
      helped optometry students refine their communication and referral skills.

PMID- 153106
TI  - Regression of carbon monoxide-induced cardiomegaly.

PMID- 153105
TI  - Diglycine absorption in streptozotocin diabetic rat.

PMID- 153107
TI  - Body movement under vibratory stimulation.

PMID- 153108
TI  - Repetitive activity of extensor alpha motoneurons during contraction and static
      muscle stretch.

PMID- 153109
TI  - [Use of adhesive histoacryl in corneal perforation in the rabbit. Histological
      and histochemical examinations (author's transl)].
AB  - Rabbit corneas were centrally trephined and the defect filled with Histoacryl.
      Tissue reactions were examined histologically and histochemically Healing of
      cornea wounds was delayed for two weeks, after which excessive granulomatosen
      Narbenbildung. Die Grundsubstanz der Hornhaut weist decrease in acid
      mucopolysaccarides during the time of examination of 32 days.

PMID- 153110
TI  - [Vocal dysfunction as a consequence of a paresis of the n. laryngeus cranialis
      after tracheal intubation (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of a transient unilateral paresis of the N. laryngeus cranialis occuring
      after uneventful tracheal intubation and anaesthesia for laparoscopy is reported.
      The possible mechanisms of this paresis are discussed.

PMID- 153111
TI  - Affinity binding of the cartilage proteoglycan protein-keratan sulfate core to
      immobilized hyaluronic acid.

PMID- 153112
TI  - Preparation of radioactive epsilon-N-methylated lysines not involving elaborate
      organic synthesis.

PMID- 153113
TI  - A sensitive and precise isotopic assay of ATPase activity.

PMID- 153114
TI  - [Local and regional anesthesia and chronic respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 153116
TI  - [Congenital malabsorption of vitamin B12 (Imerslund's syndrome) in a premature
      girl with Down's syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - A baby girl, born prematurely and with Down's syndrome, is hospitalized at the
      age of 51 days for a megaloblastic anemia. The anemia was caused by a selective
      malabsorption of vitamin B12 (Imerslund's syndrome), even in presence of
      intrinsic factor. The pathogenesis of different causes of vitamin B12 deficiency
      is discussed and the favourable development of this case after four years of
      treatment is shown.

PMID- 153115
TI  - Renal function, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance in mild streptozotocin
      diabetes in the dog.
AB  - A mild, stable diabetes mellitus was induced in dogs, using a small (20 mg/kg of
      body weight) dose of streptozotocin in a standard volume of 200 ml infused in 15
      minutes. The stability of the diabetes was evidenced by the results of a standard
      intravenous glucose-tolerance test, insulin response to the glucose load, and
      urinary glucose excretion. The results of the urinary clearances for urea,
      creatinine, and phosphate indicated minimal renal toxicosis and that the
      toxicosis was localized to the tubules.

PMID- 153117
TI  - Panniculectomy and the difficult ileostomy for urinary diversion.
AB  - This paper describes a helpful operation for revision of the difficult ileal
      stoma for urinary diversion. By using the standard technique of panniculectomy or
      abdominal lipectomy, the ileal loop can be left in the same position on the
      abdominal wall and healthy, viable tissue can be mobilized and repositioned to
      enable the urological surgeon to perform the cutaneous portion of the procedure
      again and to refashion the ileal loop. This saves the patient an operation of
      greater magnitude and risk.

PMID- 153118
TI  - Rhinophyma: surgical refinements.
AB  - Rhinophyma is classically a benign tumor of unknown etiology and pathogenesis.
      Once fully developed, it requires surgical treatment; its management has invited
      controversy for more than a century. We favor electrosurgical sculpturing,
      removal of the burned tissue by abrasion, treatment of the entire nasal cover as
      a unit, and the utilization of biological dressings to promote reepithelization.
      The cosmetic results have been gratifying.

PMID- 153119
TI  - A linkage study of the loci for Huntington's disease and some common polymorphic
      markers.
AB  - The phenotypic frequencies of 24 polymorphic blood markers in a sample of
      patients with Huntington's disease (HD) have been compared with those in a sample
      of healthy Australian volunteers in an effort to detect any associations between
      HD and the markers concerned. The Rh factor, c, has a significantly lower
      frequency in the HD sample while ACP1c and Gm1,2 have a significantly higher
      frequency. The linkage relations of the HD locus have been analysed with respect
      to the various marker loci concerned. This analysis involved the development of
      methods to overcome the general lack of genetic data concerning the affected
      parent and the possibility that presently unaffected offspring may be
      asymptomatic carriers of the HD gene. The results suggest that close linkage
      between the HD locus and Fy, ADA, ACP1, Gc or Bg is highly unlikely. They also
      suggest a low probability of close linkage to ABO, Rh, Jk, Lu, AK1, PGM1 or C3.
      Positive linkage scores were obtained for P, Hp and Gm. The results are
      inconclusive for MNSs, K, Le, Se, GPT and Inv. The available data were
      uninformative for linkage between the HD locus and Co, 6-PGD or E1.

PMID- 153120
TI  - Perinatal risk factors in children with serious motor and mental handicaps.
AB  - Fifty children with marked neurological abnormality manifested by moderate or
      severe motor disability and severe mental retardation were compared with a large
      control population with respect to prospectively ascertained perinatal
      characteristics. None of 60 prenatal factors distinguished the affected group
      from controls. In labor and delivery, lowest fetal heart rate in the second stage
      of labor, arrested progress of labor, and use of midforceps discriminated between
      the two groups. Neonatal characteristics of children who were later severely
      handicapped differed from controls, particularly with respect to difficulty in
      initiating and maintaining respiration, intracranial hemorrhage, neonatal
      seizures, low birth weight and small head circumference, lowest hemoglobin or
      hematocrit, and overall neurological status. Multivariate analysis, including
      factors from all epochs, indicated that intracranial hemorrhage and neonatal
      seizures were the strongest independent discriminators between the neurologically
      impaired children and controls.

PMID- 153121
TI  - Infantile spasms in Down syndrome: a report of 5 cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - Five patients with Down syndrome (DS) and infantile spasms were examined in a
      four-year interval. Previous reports of this association have been infrequent
      except during experimental treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan, a precursor of
      serotonin. Malformations of the brain in DS are associated with an increased
      incidence of epilepsy, and both gross and cytoarchitectural anomalies have been
      described. The severity and distribution of these central nervous system
      anomalies presumably predispose to the infantile spasms. The contribution of
      altered serotonin metabolism is uncertain.

PMID- 153122
TI  - Huntington's dementia. Clinical and neuropsychological features.
AB  - The neuropsychiatric syndrome of Huntington's disease is outlined in this report
      with an emphasis on the cognitive deficits that lend themselves to future
      neurobehavioral research. Eighteen patients without disabling cognitive or
      psychiatric symptoms were evaluated for a period of 3 to 15 weeks, with
      assessment of their cognitive disorder, psychiatric, and neurological symptoms.
      Neuropsychological examination included repeated mental status examination, the
      Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and, for some, parietal lobe testing.
      In addition to suffering from a loss of finely detailed memories, patients
      demonstrated impaired organizing, sequencing, planning, and recalling of
      information on request. On the WAIS, mean verbal and performance scores were not
      significantly different. Neuropsychological findings suggested that the
      Huntington's disease pattern of cognitive impairment is not initially diffuse and
      homogeneous, but characterized by a relative sparing of several higher cortical
      functions. Many patients had increased irritability and labile affect. The
      similarity of Huntington's disease to frontal lobe syndromes is also discussed.

PMID- 153123
TI  - Levels of principal 17-ketosteroid fractions in urine of breast cancer patients
      with or without malignant evolutive push.
AB  - The main fractions of 17-ketosteroids were estimated in 102 women with breast
      cancer. Sixty two patients were cases with rapid evolution (malignant evolutive
      push) or very rapid evolution (inflammatory breast carcinoma). The mean
      ethiocholanolone levels and partially androsterone levels were significantly
      decreased in patients with rapid evolution in comparison with the corresponding
      values found in patients with breast cancer of slow growth.

PMID- 153124
TI  - Venous malformations of the heart.
AB  - So-called varicosities of the fossa ovalis are rare, venous malformations, which
      have also been previously labeled angiomas. In four cases encountered as
      incidental autopsy findings, the microscopic appearance was that of dilated
      venous channels. Veins larger than 100 micrometer in diameter were found close to
      the posteroinferior rim of the fossa ovalis in 18 of 21 consecutive, routine
      autopsy cases. The pathogenesis of the venous dilation is unknown but it may be
      related to the development of the interatrial septim. The term venous
      malformation seems preferable to varix for such lesions.

PMID- 153125
TI  - [Anterior lumbar disc herniations (author's transl)].
AB  - Anterior lumbar disc herniations can easily and clearly be evidented by
      discography. The morbidity and, especially, the clinical importance of this
      entity, however, has been described by some authors only. According to our own
      experience with discography, ventral lumbar disc herniation seems to be
      correlated with a painful syndrome consisting of both a typical and circumscribed
      backache and pain radiating into the abdominal cavity and genital area along the
      lateral aspect of the lumbar region.

PMID- 153126
TI  - Sexual attitudes, behavior and satisfaction for able-bodied and disabled
      participants attending workshops in human sexuality.
AB  - Since 1973, Sexual Attitude Reassessment (SAR) Workshops have been conducted for
      persons with physical handicaps, health care professionals and interested members
      of the community. Although reassessment of personal sexual attitudes is the
      primary objective of the workshops, several closely related objectives have
      emerged: (1) evaluation of the impact of the experience on changing both sexual
      attitudes and behaviors; (2) evaluation of the sexual satisfaction and problem
      areas of participants with particular reference to persons with physical
      disabilities; and (3) provision of an institute-wide catalyst for initiating
      programs and services based on newly identified unmet needs. This article
      presents data from 15 workshops with emphasis on comparing the sexual attitudes,
      behavior and satisfaction of the able-bodied and the disabled participants. Of
      the 650 participants, 98 (15%) were disabled and of this group approximately 75%
      had spinal cord injury. Comparison of pre- and post-workshop responses to sexual
      attitude scales showed similar and significant changes on four of nine scales for
      both the able-bodied and disabled groups. Analysis of sexual behavior and
      satisfaction by physical status revealed that the disabled participants were less
      active than the able-bodied participants although both groups reported similar
      percentages of satisfaction (38 and 41% respectively) with their current level of
      sexual activity. Lack of partners was cited most frequently by both groups as the
      major reason for dissatisfaction with current sexual status. Implications of
      these findings are discussed with regard to sexual counseling and areas of
      further research.

PMID- 153127
TI  - Gravitational lumbar traction.
AB  - Low back and extremity pain is often secondary to inflammation of the nerve root
      or sinuvertebral nerve. Gravitational lumbar reduction therapy may relieve such
      pain. The results in a series of 121 cases are presented.

PMID- 153128
TI  - Psychology in disability.

PMID- 153130
TI  - Down's syndrome--crisis intervention and nursing education.

PMID- 153129
TI  - [A case of prune belly syndrome or agenesis of the abdominal muscles].

PMID- 153131
TI  - Circulating immune complexes: current concepts of their pathogenetic role and
      methods of detection.

PMID- 153132
TI  - Oesophagitis and oesophageal obstruction from quinidine tablets in association
      with left atrial enlargement: a case report.

PMID- 153133
TI  - Development and reversal of pressure-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Light and
      electron microscopic study in the rat under temporary aortic constriction.
AB  - Light and electron microscopy, combined with morphometry, were utilized to study
      myocardial cell modifications induced by a temporary abdominal aortic
      constriction in the rat. During the early stage of active hypertrophy, cell
      enlargement in the subendocardial layers of the left ventricle was predominant.
      This enlargement may be partly due to intracellular edema, characteristic of cell
      damage. Degenerative foci leading to fibrous scars were found primarily in the
      subendocardium and midwall layers. The times taken by the different cell
      structures to adapt to modifications of the load were rather different; some
      adapted very rapidly (nucleoli, intercalated discs), while others were much
      slower (cell diameter, mitochondria).

PMID- 153134
TI  - Differentiation of the changes in alkaline phosphatase from calcium ion-activated
      adenosine triphosphatase activities associated with increased calcium absorption
      in chick intestine.
AB  - The pattern of response of the intestinal enzymes Ca2+-activated adenosine
      triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the chick to 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol is consistent with a role for the former but not the
      latter enzyme in the vitamin D-dependent absorption of calcium.

PMID- 153135
TI  - Effects of p-chlorophenylalanine and alpha-methylphenylalanine on amino acid
      uptake and protein synthesis in mouse neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - The phenylalanine analogues p-chlorophenylalanine and alpha-methylphenylalanine
      were used to inhibit phenylalanine hydroxylase in animal models for
      phenylketonuria. The present report examines the affects of these analogues on
      the metabolism of neuroblastoma cells. p-Chlorophenylalanine inhibited growth and
      was toxic to neuroblastoma cells. Although in vivo this analogue increased cell
      monoribosomes by 42%, it did not significantly affect poly(U)-directed protein
      synthesis in vitro. P-Chlorophenylalanine did not compete with phenylalanine or
      tyrosine for aminoacylation of tRNA and was therefore not substituted for those
      amino acids in nascent polypeptides. The initial cellular uptake of various large
      neutral amino acids was inhibited by this analogue but did not affect the flux of
      amino acids already in the cell; this suggested that an alteration of the cell's
      amino acid pools was not responsible for the cytotoxicity of the analogues. In
      contrast with p-chlorophenylalanine, alpha-methylphenylalanine did not exert
      these direct toxic effects because the administration of alpha
      methylphenylalanine in vivo did not affect brain polyribosomes and a comparable
      concentration of this analogue was neither growth inhibitory nor cytotoxic to
      neuroblastoma cells in culture. The suitability of each analogue as an inhibitor
      of phenylalanine hydroxylase in animal models for phenylketonuria is discussed.

PMID- 153137
TI  - Evidence for three alpha subunits in one molecule of F1-ATPase from thermophilic
      bacterium PS3.

PMID- 153136
TI  - Properties of the membrane proteins of rat liver lysosomes. The majority of
      lysosomal membrane proteins are exposed to the cytoplasm.
AB  - Rat liver lysosomes were lysed and subfractionated by differential centrifugation
      through 0.2M-NaCl to yield a membranous pellet. This membrane fraction contains
      less than 20% of the lysosomal protein, adenosine triphosphatase activity of
      about 1.2mumol/min per mg of protein, 120nmol of thiol groups/mg of protein and
      at least 16 protein and glycoprotein bands on sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The gel patterns of membranes
      isolated from lysosomes after treatment with (1) [125I]iodidehydrogen peroxide
      lactoperoxidase, (2) toluene 2,4-di-isocyanate-activated bovine serum albumin,
      (3) trypsin and (4) subtilisin indicate that most of the membrane proteins are
      exposed to the cytoplasm. These exposed proteins are candidates for intracellular
      receptors which recognize either substances that are to be degraded or vesicles
      containing those substances.

PMID- 153138
TI  - Cholesterol enrichment of normal mitochondria in vitro: a model system with
      properties of hepatoma mitochondria.

PMID- 153139
TI  - A thermally potentiated state for actomyosin ATPase of rabbit skeletal muscle.

PMID- 153140
TI  - The stimulation of coupling factor 1 ATPase by tentoxin and its analogs.

PMID- 153141
TI  - The interaction of Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase activator protein and Ca2+ with human
      erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 153142
TI  - Effect of an inhibitor of platelets aggregation, ticlopidine of energy
      transduction of rat liver mitochondria in vitro.

PMID- 153143
TI  - Influence of some divalent cations on heart sarcolemmal bound enzymes and calcium
      binding.

PMID- 153145
TI  - Possible association between HLA-D locus and ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 153144
TI  - Survey for immune complexes in disseminated gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis
      syndrome.
AB  - Seventeen patients with characteristic disseminated gonococcal arthritis
      dermatitis syndrome were studied for the presence of immune complexes, and
      circulating gonococcal antigen and antibody. The two immune complex techniques,
      monoclonal rheumatoid factor assay and cryoglobulin survey, did not reveal any
      consistent abnormalities. Complement levels (CH50, C'3, C'4) were not consistent
      with peripheral consumption except in 2 patients with coinciding systemic lupus
      erythematosus. Gonococcal antibody was detected in 47% of patients when they
      presented with the syndrome. However, gonococcal antigen was not found in either
      serum or synovial fluid. These results do not support the hypothesis that
      circulating immune complexes are involved in the pathogenesis of disseminated
      gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome.

PMID- 153146
TI  - Comparison of ipratropium bromide and fenoterol in asthma and chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 153147
TI  - Effects of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase on phospholipid bilayer fluidity:
      boundary lipid.

PMID- 153148
TI  - Effect of actin concentration on the intermediate oxygen exchange of myosin;
      relation to the refractory state and the mechanism of exchange.
AB  - The effect of actin concentration on the myosin catalyzed exchange of phosphate
      oxygens with water accompanying ATP hydrolysis has been investigated. The extent
      of exchange was found to extrapolate to zero at infinite actin concentration at
      23 and 0 degrees C for myosin subfragments S1(A1) and S1(A2). This result is
      consistent with actin associating directly with the product of the hydrolysis
      step and is not readily consistent with refractory state schemes in which the
      entire flow goes via a dissociating pathway. The possibility of a refractory
      state in the form of a phosphorylated intermediate or a bound metaphosphate state
      with hydrolysis occurring in the transition to the refractory state merits
      consideration. A full analysis of the dependence of intermediate exchange on the
      rate constants of the acto-S1 scheme is given and the errors arising from other
      methods of analysis are discussed. The rate of oxygen exchange was measured as 10
      s-1 (23 degrees C) a value comparable with but slightly lower than the rate of
      reversal of the ATP cleavage step.

PMID- 153149
TI  - Actin mediated release of ATP from a myosin-ATP complex.
AB  - The apparent second-order rate constant, ka-2, of actin binding to a myosin-ATP
      state (M*.ATP) and releasing ATP to the medium has been determined by two
      methods. The first was the measurement of the amount of ATP released when actin
      was added to the intermediate state, M*.ATP; the second was the measurement of
      oxygen exchange between  ATP and HOH. A quantitative treatment of ATP in
      equilibrium HOH exchange is given to allow extraction of elementary rate
      constants from the data. Agreement between the two methods was good and at low
      ionic strength and 23 degrees C, ka-2 is 6 X 10(5) M-1 s-1 which is about one
      third the value of the apparent second-order rate constant, ka4, of actin binding
      to the myosin product state (M**.ADP.Pi). The determination of ka-2 allows a
      lower limit of 6 s-1 to be placed upon the first-order rate of ATP release from
      AM.ATP. This is to be compared with a value of less than or equal to 1.5 X 10(-4)
      s-1 for the equivalent steps of the myosin scheme; thus actin enhances the rate
      by a factor of 4 X 10(4) or more. A greater proportion of the bound ATP is
      released to the medium as ATP with increasing actin concentration. This reflects
      the contribution to rate limitation at saturating actin concentration of steps
      between myosin states dissociated from actin.

PMID- 153150
TI  - Interaction of myosin subfragments with F-actin.
AB  - The effect of ionic strength, temperature, and divalent cations on the
      association of myosin with actin was determined in the ultracentrifuge using
      scanning absorption optics. The association constant (Ka) for the binding of
      heavy meromyosin (HmM) to F-actin was 1 X 10(7) M-1 at 20 degrees C, in 0.10 M
      KCl, 0.01 M imidazole (pH 7.0), 5 MM potassium phosphate, 1 mM MgCl2, and 0.3 mM
      ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid. Ka was the same
      for HMM prepared by trypsin or chymotrypsin. The affinity of subfragment 1 (S1)
      for actin under the same ionic conditions was 3 X 10(6) M-1. Varying the
      preparative procedure for S1 had little effect on Ka. The small difference in
      binding energy between HMM and S1 suggests that either only one head can bind
      strongly to actin at a time or that free energy is lost during the sterically
      unfavorable attachment of the two heads to actin.

PMID- 153151
TI  - Galactose-6-sulfatase from Actinobacillus sp. IFO-13310 and its action on
      sulfated oligosaccharides from keratan sulfate.
AB  - A 6-sulfatase specific for sugasr of the galactose configuration was purified 81
      fold from the crude extract of Actinobacillus sp. IFO-13310. This preparation
      contained activity towards both N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate and galactose 6
      sulfate (relative activity, 2.4 : 1). The enzyme also release inorganic sulfate
      from the non-reducing galactose 6-sulfate end group of a trisaccharide disulfate
      prepared from keratan sulfate by sequential degradation with endo-beta
      galactosidase, N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase and exo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase. In addition, a tetrasaccharide trisulfate bearing the non
      reducing N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate end group, also enzymatically prepared
      from keratan sulfate, was degraded to give rise to inorganic sulfate, N
      acetylglucosamine and galactose by the sequential action of this enzyme, N
      acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, exo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and exo-beta
      galactosidase (Charonia lampas).

PMID- 153152
TI  - Evidence for the non-filamentous aggregation of actin induced by lanthanide ions.
AB  - We varied the molar ratio of added lanthanide ion to skeletal muscle actin
      (M3+/A) and observed their effects on the change in reduced viscosity (Nred) in
      the presence of polymerizing quantities of salt (0.1 M KC1). Once the
      concentration of the lanthanide ion exceeds the concentration of the nucleotide
      present (0.2 mM ATP), we noted that with M3+/A ratios up to 4: (a) there was a
      sharp peak in the observed Nred above the level achieved by control F-actin; (b)
      the magnitude of (a) was shown to be a function of the initial G-actin
      concentration. With an M3+/A ratio of greater than 4 we observed: (i) a sharp
      fall in the observed Nred; (ii) the formation of an insoluble aggregate of actin;
      (iii) the formation of (ii) was completely reversed by removal of the M3+; (iv) a
      complete inhibition of the ATP hydrolysis which always accompanies the G- to F
      actin transition; (v) the number of mol of M3+ required to completely inhibit the
      rise in Nred (above the viscosity of G-actin) was a function of the ionic radii
      of the 11 lanthanide ions tested; and (vi) the effects described in (i) were not
      mimicked when the initial protein was in the F form. In the absence of added KCI,
      divalent cations (e.g. Mg2+) polymerize G-actin but this effect is not mimicked
      by the addition of the lanthanide ions. However, under these conditions the
      lanthanide ions cause the formation of an insoluble aggregate of actin. We
      conclude that with greater than 4 mol of lanthanide ions, G-actin aggregates in a
      form which contains little or no F-actin and that the lanthanide ion-induced
      aggregates are therefore different from the Mg2+-induced F-actin paracrystals.

PMID- 153153
TI  - Structural properties of frog muscle myosin.
AB  - Frog myosin is a labile molecule, undergoing irreversible aggregation and rapid
      loss of ATPase; however, a procedure is described which provides highly purified
      myosin, with stable solubility and enzymatic properties, from skeletal muscle of
      Rana catesbeiana. Frog myosin contains heavy chains and light chains 1, 2, and 3.
      Light chain 3 is present in excess over light chain 1, and light chain 2 may
      occur as either, or both, of 2 closely migrating bands. On two-dimensional
      electrophoresis, light chain 1 generates an isoelectric component with pK 5.60;
      light chain 2 generates a complex pattern with 3 or 4 major components; and light
      chain 3 generates 2 major components with pK 5.00 and 4.92. The same subunit
      composition is obtained for frogs acclimated at 25 and 5 degrees C; however,
      proteolytic artifacts may occur in myosin preparations purified in the absence of
      protease inhibitors, especially in warm-acclimated frogs.

PMID- 153154
TI  - The yeast mitochondrial ATPase complex. Subunit composition and evidence for a
      latent protease contaminant.
AB  - 1. The subunit compositions of the F1 (oligomycin-insensitive) and F1--F0
      (oligomycin-sensitive) mitochondrial ATPase complexes from Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae have been examined by the highly resolving technique of sodium dodecyl
      sulphate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis using a discontinuous buffer
      system. When isolated in the presence of protease inhibitors, F1 and F1--F0
      contained five and twelve bands, respectively; this contrasts with the four- and
      ten-band patterns seen previously using the less resolving disc gel method. When
      isolated in the absence of protease inhibitors both F1 and F1--F0 contain
      spurious polypeptides produced by proteolytic modification. 2. Endogenous protein
      turnover in S. cerevisiae was impaired in the presence of protease inhibitors. F1
      -F0 isolated from cells grown in the presence and absence of inhibitors contained
      an identical polypeptide composition, suggesting that the subunits are not
      significantly modified by endogenous proteases prior to cell harvesting. 3. Yeast
      F1--F0 prepared in the presence of protease inhibitors contains a latent, sodium
      dodecyl sulphate-activated protease contaminant. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-induced
      proteolysis is largely confined to the 52 000 dalton alpha subunit which degrades
      into polypeptides of 40 000 and 10 700 daltons. The 40 000 dalton band is
      apparently equivalent to the polypeptide previously designated subunit 3. 4. Both
      F1 and F1--F0 were isolated from Torulopsis glabrata, a yeast with considerably
      shorter mitochondrial DNA than that in S. cerevisiae. F1--F0 catalysed high rates
      of ATP--32Pi exchange when reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles, thus
      demonstrating the presence of a complete coupling mechanism. F1--F0 contained
      approximately twelve subunits and F1 five, like the S. cerevisiae complexes. It
      therefore appears that the shorter mitochondrial DNA length does not produce a
      significantly simpler ATPase subunit structure.

PMID- 153156
TI  - Precocious aging and dementia in patients with Down's syndrome.
AB  - Fifty unselected institutionalized patients with Down's syndrome were studied to
      determine the clinical course of precocious aging and mental and neurological
      deterioration. In our studies we establish statistically significant differences
      in neurological and psychiatric abnormalities and mental deterioration in
      patients below and above age 35, indicating progressive changes in the central
      nervous system. We demonstrate higher incidence of recent memory loss, impairment
      of short-term visual retention, frontal release signs, hypertonia, hyperreflexia,
      long-tract signs, and psychiatric problems. We also note the presence of external
      features of precocious aging. Down's syndrome appears to be a human chromosomal
      abnormality in which genetically determined biochemical defects leading to
      precocious aging and dementia can be studied.

PMID- 153155
TI  - Immunological and reconstitution studies on the adenosine triphosphatase complex
      from Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - Studies on restoration of membrane-bound adenosinetriphosphatase (ATP
      phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) from Rhodospirillum rubrum show that the delta
      subunit is capable of binding to the F1 factor or to the F0 moiety of the F0-F1
      ATPase complex. This subunit is thus likely involved in linking the F0 and F1
      factor. During solubilization of the oligomycin-sensitive F0-F1 ATPase complex
      with Triton X-100 the detergent becomes specifically associated with the
      lipophilic F0 part of the enzyme complex. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis,
      agglutination tests, and kinetic studies with anti-F1 ATPase antibodies reveal a
      reaction of immunological identity of membrane-bound ATPase, F0-F1 ATPase, and F1
      ATPase.

PMID- 153157
TI  - Histochemical characterization of the endochondral growth plate: a new approach
      to the study of the chondrodystrophies.

PMID- 153158
TI  - Differences between rates of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and other chromosomal
      abnormalities diagnosed in livebirths and in cells cultured after second
      trimester amniocentesis--suggested explanations and implications for genetic
      counseling and program planning.

PMID- 153159
TI  - Trisomy 21 with average intelligence?!

PMID- 153160
TI  - A comparison between a trisomy 21 child (probably mosaic) with normal
      intelligence and a mosaic Down syndrome population.

PMID- 153161
TI  - Interchromosomal effect in balanced translocations.

PMID- 153162
TI  - Male genital defects in patterns of malformation.

PMID- 153163
TI  - [Study on the pineal gland of ungulates].
AB  - Study of the pineal gland of 91 Ungulates belonging to 55 species shows the
      constant presence of calcarine concretions of various importance. These
      concretions develop in the walls of vessels that first undergo a preliminary
      transformation characterized by the presence of alcian blue or PAS positive
      substances. In nearly all cases, the presence of alcian blue positive cells with
      processes (distinct from mastocytes) can be found in the pineal gland of
      ungulates. These elements sometimes contain fine calcarine granulations that
      probably are the site of origin of acervuli. These observations were extended to
      several marsupials, carnivora, pinnipeda and perissodactyles.

PMID- 153164
TI  - Cardiac pain referred to site of previously experienced somatic pain.

PMID- 153165
TI  - Manipulation for low back pain.

PMID- 153166
TI  - [Lead and cadmium toxicity in established mammalian cell lines].
AB  - Lead and cadmium toxicity was evaluated in three mammalian cell lines (tumour :
      HeLa, transformed : XC and normal : NRK) by means of the modifications of the 3H
      TdR incorporation rate in the nucleus of the treated cells. The three cell lines
      showed different degrees of sensitivity. Sensitivity depended on the line, metal,
      its concentration and duration of incubation. Cadmium was found to be at least
      five times more toxic than lead except at low concentration. The normal cell line
      was more sensitive to cadmium and less sensitive to lead than other lines.

PMID- 153167
TI  - [A new effect of carbon dioxide: transformation of subsocial species of insects
      by chronic treatment].
AB  - The carbon dioxide is used to chronic treatment of one minute per day during all
      the larval life time. This treatment must be distinguished from all those
      previously described. Subsocial species are changed into their solitary form,
      although they live in group. The comparison of the pigmentation with slightly or
      non subsocial species seems to indicate that this effect is linked with the
      subsocial state. The results are discussed on the basis of nervous and endocrine
      functionning.

PMID- 153168
TI  - [Aggression toward groups of male and female OF1 mice by a male congenere and
      survival to acute hypoxia].
AB  - In OF1 mice, a 107 day-old mouse, isolated since 51 days, acts as an "aggressor"
      when introduced into a group of 10 males or into a group of 10 females of the age
      of 51 days. This results in fights and flights in the males' group and in
      copulations in the females' group. In 31 experiments, each performed on a total
      of 40 males and 40 females, it was observed that an acute DL50 hypoxia
      (inhalation of nitrogen) provokes a mortality significantly (p less than 0.001)
      higher in the male "aggressors" (95.16%) than in the groups of 10 aggressed mice
      (mortality: 64.26% for the males' groups and 52.65% for the females groups).
      Besides, compared to control groups without male "aggressor", the introduction of
      the male congener significantly (p less than 0.001) increases the acute hypoxic
      mortality in the females' but not in the males' groups.

PMID- 153169
TI  - [Method for analysis and measurement of behavior. Application to total nocturnal
      activity of the rat].
AB  - A long behavior period, as the night activity of rats is transcribed in two
      graphs which are described by eight parameters. All these parameters are stable
      for the same animal, but five of them have a few variations between different
      rats. The behavior changes then appear to be quantifiable.

PMID- 153170
TI  - [Action of the testosterone treated chicken testis on the regression of the
      Mullerian duct].
AB  - After administration of testosterone propionate to male chick embryos and
      chickens, their testis have an activity, on the retrogression of mullerian ducts,
      much more important than that observed in testis of normal subjects of the same
      age, activity measured by grafting testis fragments in undifferentiated female
      chick embryos. The results suggest that testosterone gives such an effect by
      inhibiting pituitary gonadotropins, peculiarly FSH.

PMID- 153171
TI  - [Repartition of the kidney cortex glomerulus in rats].
AB  - This paper presents the repartition of 989 glomeruli in 8 parallel concentric
      renal cortex zones, by projecting on a calibrated screen rat kidney slices
      photographies. The glomerular density increases regularly from the outside to the
      middle cortical zones and then decreases to the deepest juxtamedullary zones.

PMID- 153172
TI  - [Comparative effect of theophylline on urinary protein excretion in rats during
      diurnal and nocturanal periods].
AB  - In 3 lots of 15 rats, urinary proteins excretion (U.P.E.) during 6 hours periods
      is compared : 1) daily and nightly in physiological conditions, where U.P.E.
      increases nightly (+ 97,47%) : 2) daily, before and after theophylline injection,
      where U.P.E. increases after theophylline injection (+ 78,62%) ; 3) nightly,
      before and after theophylline injection, where U.P.E. increase is only tiny (+
      3,53%) after theophylline injection. So, in nightly physiological and in daily
      experimental conditions the important U.P.E. increases can be in part explained
      by those of renal functions. This result can explain after nightly theophylline
      injection (where renal functions are already very higher than in daily period)
      the so small nightly proteinuria increase with the xanthic diuretic ; it cannot
      be compared to the daily value, because the renal functions cannot increase
      beyond some limits. Lastly, the present paper exhibits how a pharmacomolecule (as
      theophylline here) can act differently daily and nightly and open a new
      investigation field in chronopharmacology of diuretics.

PMID- 153173
TI  - [Enhancement of growth of rat liver cell cultures by lithocholic acid].
AB  - Lithocholic acid enhances the growth of 4 independent lines of liver cells, but
      is toxic to colon cancer cells and fibroblasts in culture. Cholic acid does not
      affect the growth of liver cells, deoxycholic and chenodexoycholic acids are
      highly toxic to them.

PMID- 153174
TI  - [Utilization of free fatty acids and triglycerides by the perfused isolated rat
      heart after a prolonged swimming training program].
AB  - The effects of swimming training upon mechanical and metabolic properties of
      heart are investigated in two groups of male Sprague Dawley rats, fed ad libitum:
      a control group and a swimming group. The chronic training improves myocardial
      mechanical performances: coronary flow, cardiac output and left ventricular
      pressure are increased in isolated working conditioned heart preparations. Oxygen
      consumption and work performance are greater than in control group, but cardiac
      efficiency is not significantly different between the two groups. Intrinsic
      conditioned heart rate is lower than in control heart. Endogenous triglycerides
      and exogenous FFA utilization rates are increased in trained perfused heart. We
      found a significant correlation (P less than 0,01) between exogenous FFA
      utilisation and coronary flow.

PMID- 153175
TI  - [Effect of separated or simultaneous ingestion of tannic acid, potassium
      metabisulfite and ethanol on reproduction in rats].
AB  - As compared to controls, female rats fed a diet containing 3.2% of tannic acid
      have a higher fertility index, but the number of their born alive young is
      smaller and the growth of their litters is slower. A diet containing 1% of
      potassium metabisulfite also decreases the growth rate of the litters. These
      effects are additives. Ethanol (fed at a level of 30 cal. % at the expense of
      carbohydrates) has no effect on the reproduction performances and does not
      interact with the previous effects.

PMID- 153176
TI  - [Comparative effects of hydrolizable or condensed tannins on the liver reserve of
      vitamin A in rats].
AB  - A 10 weeks study in rats fed a balanced diet containing "hydrosoluble" vitamin A
      and 3,2 p. 100 by weight of tannic acid resulted in a marked decrease of the
      hepatic concentration of vitamin A. The same dietary dose of chestnut tree
      tannins resulted in a much more marked decrease. However, there was no effect of
      a quebracho extract (condensed tannins) given in the same conditions.

PMID- 153177
TI  - [Melatonin and gonadoliberin (LH-RH) cells in rat hypothalamus].
AB  - Immature female rats were induced to ovulate by an injection of pregnant mare
      serum: melatonin, intraperitonealy injected, induce an increase of LH-RH
      immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus. These neurons are localized in septo
      preoptic, infundibular and premammillary areas.

PMID- 153178
TI  - [Effect of fatigue on the compliance series of isolated muscles].
AB  - Frog sartorius muscles are stretched at rest and during tetanic contractions, and
      series-compliance of normal muscle is compared to that of a fatigued one. The
      series-compliance is calculated from the parallel compliance and the active one.
      The compliance decreases when the tension increases and becomes quite constant
      for the highest levels of tension. These results are discussed on the basis of
      the sliding filaments theory.

PMID- 153179
TI  - [Bronchopulmonary lymphocytes and their B and T subpopulations in control and
      experimental influenza infected mice].
AB  - Immunofluorescent studies showed that, whereas the total number of lymphocytes
      was still increased on the third and fourth weeks of experimental airborne
      influenza, the B/T cell ratio remained in the same range as in control animals.
      This ratio is comparable to results with mouse peripheral lymph nodes.

PMID- 153180
TI  - [Chronopharmacology of pancuronium in rats anesthetized by CT 1341 (Alfatesine)].
AB  - A circadian variation in the curarizing ability of pancuronium bromide (Pavulon)
      has been documented in an homogenous group of 100 Wistar AF-SPF adult male rats
      anaesthetized by the steroid anaesthetic althesin (Alfatesine, CT 1341). Animals
      were maintained at 24 +/- 2 degrees C and synchronized with natural light 06.00
      to 18.00 and darkness (october 1977). We observed significant circadian rhythms
      for both of these agents: first the induction of anaesthesia by althesin was
      markedly pronounced at 15.30 and varied with season. Secondly the maximum effect
      of pancuronium was recorded at 08.00. When rats were anaesthetized by sodium
      pentobarbital under similar experimental conditions but during a different season
      (january to may) we observed a similar circadian rhythm for pancuronium. These
      data indicate that: a) the type of anaesthesia used in the protocol may not be of
      importance in demonstration of a curarizing rhythm in the rat but, b) the
      possibility of a seasonal component being present and effecting this rhythm needs
      to be investigated.

PMID- 153181
TI  - [Diabetes insipidus and exogenous antidiuretic hormone activity modifications by
      lithium in the rat].
AB  - The authors made conspicuous in the rat the appearance of "diabetes insipidus"
      induced by two lithium salts: chloride and carbonate administered orally, with
      increasing doses in food. The polyuria, polydipsia and urinary hypotony are
      reversible and disappeared with stopping the treatment. The animals became
      insensible to the exogenous antidiuretic hormon during the treatment and
      progressively became sensible again during the following twenty days so
      suggesting a nephrogenic mechanism by lithium: either a loss of ADH activity,
      either the abolition of intrarenal osmotic pressure gradient.

PMID- 153182
TI  - [Comparison of the cytotoxicity of chloroform on mouse L cells by measurement of
      proteins and chromium 51 release].
AB  - The authors describe a new cytotoxicity test based on the classical measurement
      of the residual proteins after a contact time of 4 days between the produit
      tested and the mouse L cells. The results are expressed as a cytotoxic dose 50
      with a confidence limit for the 95% threshold after a statistical treatment of
      the analytical data by a computerized method. For chloroform, this method is more
      sensitive that the classical cytotoxicity test involving the chrom 51 release.

PMID- 153183
TI  - [Ultrastructural cytochemistry of human spermatozoa].
AB  - Enzymatic activities and repartition of glycoproteins were studied with electron
      microscopy in human ejaculated spermatozoa. Enzymatic activities are localised in
      the head of spermatozoon: arylsulfatase in the acrosome, acid phosphatase in the
      periacrosomal cytoplasm. Phosphotungstic acid at low pH and colloidal iron allow
      detection of glycoproteins and acid groups on the sperm cell surface.
      Glycoproteins are present in the acrosome. These results are slightly different
      to those obtained in other species.

PMID- 153184
TI  - [Effect of an MAO inhibitor, phenelzine, on acetylation of isoniazid by isolated
      perfused rat liver].
AB  - Phenelzin, a monoamine oxydase inhibitor, administered in vivo, in rats, slowed
      down the initial velocity of isoniazid acetylation in isolated perfused liver.
      After in vitro addition in perfusion medium phenelzin decreased as well the
      initial velocity of acetylation as the total amount of acetylated substrate.

PMID- 153185
TI  - [Localization of N-acetyltransferases in sinusoidal liver cells. Effect of
      zymosan on the acetylation of sulfamethazine and isoniazid in the rat and in
      isolated perfused liver].
AB  - N-acetyltransferase (NAT) have been demonstrated to be localized in sinusoidal
      cells and not in hepatocytes. Acetylation activities increased after pretreatment
      with Zymosan (40 mg/kg, i.v., 24 h before phenotyping) as well in vivo and in
      isolated perfused liver and in cytosolic fractions prepared from several rats
      organs. These data favor the localization of NAT-activity in reticulo-endothelial
      system. Increased protein levels in liver, gut, spleen and lungs cytosolic
      fractions (100 000 g, 120 mn) 48 h after Zymosan administration, suggest and
      inducing effect of this drug on NAT activity.

PMID- 153186
TI  - [Bioconversion of steroids in mutants of Nocardia restrictus].
AB  - Nocardia restrictus grows quickly on synthetic media containing different
      carbonated substrates (steroids, organic acids). The control of growth parameters
      of this microbial species allowed the development of the production and selection
      methodology for mutants unable to grow on androst-4ene-3,17-dione. A stable
      mutant convert androst-4-ene-3,17-dione in perhydroindan propionic acid without
      addition of any degradation inhibitor in the medium.

PMID- 153187
TI  - [Modifications of oxygen consumption in the ant Dolichoderus quadripunctatus
      exposed to very powerful gamma irradiation].
AB  - The oxygen consumption of irradiated workers ants of Dolichoderus
      quadripunctatus, shows a significant increase when ants received a hight dose (50
      000 or 100 000 Rad) of gamma rays.

PMID- 153188
TI  - [Chromosomal structure or porcine lymphocytes effected by food additives].
AB  - Different concentrations of food additives were introduced in cultures of pig
      lymphocytes. No special chromosomal damage were induced by anticoccidians. On the
      contrary some antibiotics caused chromosomic anomalies. Chloramphenicol and
      furazolidone assayed in vitro and in vivo had also an antimitotic effect. The
      purpose of this work was to know the cytotoxic effect of some substances: a
      preliminary and cheap test could be a cytogenetic examination in vitro.

PMID- 153190
TI  - [Comparison of the diuretic and natriuretic effects of dopamine in control and
      diabetes insipidus dogs. Effect of propranolol].
AB  - The diuretic effect of dopamine is unchanged in the dog with diabetes insipidus
      but the natriuretic effect of dopamine is shorter. With the normal dog propanolol
      delays the dopamine-induced diuresis and natriuresis but the magnitude of this
      double effect is unchanged. In the dog with diabetes insipidus, propanolol
      suppresses the dopaminergic diuresis and reduces the natriuresis.

PMID- 153189
TI  - [Changes in the digestibility of constituents of the diet in the rabbit].
AB  - Fiber digestibility of two diets (the first based on alfalfa dried, the second
      based on beet-pulp dried) with the same level of crude fiber and crude protein
      was measured on rabbits of 6, 7, 11, 13 and 17 weeks old. The age has no
      significative effect on digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber)
      of the two experimental diets. The quantity of cellulose and hemicellulose
      digested was greater in rabbits on the pulp diet. Independantly of the diet
      hemicellulose is more digestible than cellulose. Expediency of use other
      analytical test than crude fiber in the nutritional requirements of rabbits is
      discussed.

PMID- 153191
TI  - [Effects of an extract of adult rat liver on Reuber H-35 hepatoma cells in
      vitro].
AB  - The effects of an extract from adult liver on hepatoma cells cultivated in vitro
      (line H-35) are studied with cytological and quantitative cytochemical methods.
      This extract inhibits cell multiplication and premitotic DNA synthesis. The
      treated cells form "trabeculae" looking like those observed when normal adult
      hepatocytes are cultivated in vitro.

PMID- 153193
TI  - [Transmissible resistance factor to cobalt in Pseumononas hydrogenomonas].
AB  - Curable resistance to cobalt, zinc and cadmium ions was observed in a hydrogen
      utilizing Pseudomonas. Resistance to cobalt was transferred to P. aeruginosa and
      can be transferred again between P. aeruginosa strains.

PMID- 153192
TI  - [The cause of slow increase of heart rate during muscular exercise in man].
AB  - The slow increase in heart rate which is observed in normal man submitted to
      heavy muscular exercise is due for a part to an activation of orthosympathetic
      cardiac activity which is blocked by beta antagonists. It is also explained by
      direct action of hyperthermia on the heart.

PMID- 153194
TI  - [Effect of electro-acupuncture on the response of the trigeminal nucleus evoked
      by electric stimulation of dental pulp in the cat].
AB  - The potential in the spinal trigeminal nucleus evoked by electrical tooth pulp
      stimulation is depressed by electro-acupuncture given to the acupuncture point in
      the course of the nerve innervating the stimulated tooth.

PMID- 153195
TI  - [Inhibition, by electro-acupuncture, of the scalp evoked potential induced by
      painful stimulation of the tooth in man].
AB  - Scalp potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp can be
      diminished in amplitude by electroacupuncture. This diminution goes generally in
      inverse with the increase in subjective pain threshold.

PMID- 153196
TI  - [Inhibitory effects of dipeptides containing tryptophan on the excitability on
      the giant neuron of the giant African snail (Achatina fulica, Ferussac)].
AB  - Besides an inhibitory effect of L-Lys-L-Phe-L-Tyr and L-Phe-L-Tyr, L-Phe-L-Trp
      showed the same effect on the excitability of a giant neurone (the TAN, tonically
      autoactive neurone) identified in suboesophageal ganglia of Achatina futica
      Ferussac. The critical concentration of L-Phe-L-Trp to produce the effect was 10(
      5)--3  X 10(-5) kg/1. The inhibitory effect of this substance was relatively slow
      and independent no chloride ions, as well as in the case of L-Phe-L-Tyr. L-Trp-L
      Phe, Gly-L-Trp and L-Trp-Gly did not show any effect on the same neurone. The I-V
      curve of the TAN's neuromembrane, measured by the injection of a transmembrane
      triangular current, were not modified markedly by L-Phe-L-Trp at 4 X 10(-4) kg/1.
      The pattern of the TAN's spike firing produced by the depolarizing current
      injection were not influenced by this substance.

PMID- 153197
TI  - Dental management of the physically and mentally handicapped.

PMID- 153198
TI  - Suppressor cell activity in cancer patients: a possible role for thymic hormones.
AB  - We have identified the presence of suppressor cell activity in the peripheral
      blood of immunosuppressed stage IV cancer patients. The patients' cells had a
      diminished mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and suppressed the PHA
      mitogenic response of a normal donor's peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Thus,
      PBL from a cancer patient whose PHA mitogenic response was 3932 counts per minute
      (cpm), cultured together with a normal donor's PBL with a PHA mitogenic response
      of 82,865 net cpm, caused a greater than 50% reduction in the latter (37,651 net
      cpm). Suppressor cell activity was present in 12 of 14 patients tested. This
      effect was partially mitigated by irradiation with 4000 rads in nine of 14
      patients. Preincubation of the patients' cells with thymosin followed by the
      addition of thymosin to the co-cultured cells mitigated the suppressor activity
      in five of ten patients and thymic humoral factor did the same in four of 11
      patients. A radiosensitive and thymic hormone-responsive suppressor cell may be
      present in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. Confirmation of this
      preliminary observation and further characterization of the cell or cells is
      currently being undertaken.

PMID- 153199
TI  - Immunomodulation with thiabendazole: a review of immunologic properties and
      efficacy in combined modality cancer therapy.
AB  - Thiabendazole (TBZ) appears to be an immunorestorative agent, demonstrating
      maximum immunopotentiation in the immunosuppressed host. Initial in vivo and in
      vitro immune studies indicate that the drug is most effective when given 24 hours
      prior to or at the time of administration of antigen. Single doses are more
      effective than multiple daily doses. One cell population potentiated by TBZ is
      the macrophage, either by direct activation or secondary to increased lymphokine
      production. As an adjuvant to conventional cancer treatment modalities, TBZ needs
      the same host setting as seen with many immunopotentiators. Tumor bulk must be
      reduced by the primary modality. A dose schedule must be developed in conjunction
      with each primary modality employed, ie, timing is critical. As an adjuvant in
      cancer therapy, the drug is most effective when given every other day. Depending
      upon the primary modality employed, adjuvant TBZ may require dose adjustment.

PMID- 153200
TI  - The mitochondrial genome of yeast.

PMID- 153201
TI  - DNA-DNA gyrase complex: the wrapping of the DNA duplex outside the enzyme.

PMID- 153202
TI  - Cultivation with K562 cells leads to blastogenesis and increased cytotoxicity
      with changed properties of the active cells when compared to fresh lymphocytes.

PMID- 153203
TI  - [Epidemiology of mycotic flora in the nail plate (author's transl)].

PMID- 153204
TI  - [Hypertrophy of the heart from the viewpont of pathologic anatomy].

PMID- 153205
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the hypertrophic myocardium].

PMID- 153207
TI  - [Changes of contractile proteins in the hypertrophic myocardium].

PMID- 153206
TI  - [Cellular aspects of the enlarged heart].

PMID- 153208
TI  - [Role of mitochondria in the development of the enlarged heart muscle].

PMID- 153209
TI  - [Most often used methods for evoking experimental cardiomegaly].

PMID- 153210
TI  - [Model of experimental myocardial hypertrophy in an experiment with intra-aortic
      balloon counterpulsation].

PMID- 153211
TI  - [Resting values of left ventricle work and coronary perfusion in the
      physiologically enlarged rat heart evoked by swimming and moderately severe
      hypoxia].

PMID- 153212
TI  - [Suppression of the mixed lymphocytic reaction by autologous red cells and their
      constituents: a new hypothesis on the apparent tolerogeneic effect of blood
      transfusions during transplantation].
AB  - Using the lymphocyte reaction (MLR) as an in vitro model of allogeneic response
      we have demonstrated that red blood cells (RBC), when phagocytosed by monocytes
      present in the reaction, induce almost complete suppression of the MLR. A similar
      effect is achieved by the RBC lysate or purified hemoglobin. These data strongly
      suggest that the better graft tolerance apparently induced by blood transfusion
      given to the recipient at the time of transplantation may result from a non
      specific immunodepressive process induced by the injected erythrocytes, and
      mediated by the monocyte.

PMID- 153213
TI  - Follicular growth in fetal and prepubertal ovaries of humans and other primates.
AB  - Follicular growth begins in the fetal ovary as soon as the first follicles are
      formed. Although orderly follicular growth is found in the fetal ovary, many of
      the early growing follicles show abnormalties. Follicles with irregular granulosa
      layers, with hypertrophied or with underdeveloped theca layers, are
      characteristic. Such follicles are rarely seen after birth. The ovary during
      childhood is an active organ in which follicular growth and follicular atresia
      normally take place. Follicles begin to grow at all ages, differentiate to
      preantral and antral follicles, but degenerate at various stages of their
      development before they reach pre-ovulatory sizes. Follicular growth in the fetus
      and children is dependent on hormones. Fetal gonadotrophins are necessary to
      ensure normal and sequential follicular growth before birth. During childhood a
      close correlation between follicle growth, hormone response and hormone
      production seems to exist. Certain diseases and treatment with cytotoxic agents
      or radiation to the abdomen influence ovarian development and follicular growth.
      Chromosome abnormalities, especially Turner's syndrome, trisomy 18 or 21, alter
      normal ovarian development by reducing the pool of available follicles and
      inhibiting follicular growth. Treatment with cytotoxic drugs inhibits follicular
      growth, while abdominal irradiation in childhood unless the ovaries are
      adequately shielded causes permanent damage by destroying the small follicles.

PMID- 153214
TI  - Dermatoglyphics in parents of children with trisomy 21. Evaluation of their
      interest in genetic counselling.
AB  - Dermal patterns in a group of Down's syndrome patients, a normal control
      population and a group of parents of Down's syndrome patients were studied in an
      attempt to identify an Index Score to be used in differentiating controls from
      parents of Down's syndrome children. Using only three patterns (simian crease,
      palmar hypothenar pattern and Cummins' Index), a parents' Index Score was
      established which correctly diagnosed 80.83% of controls and 79.17% of parents.
      The predictive value of this index and its interest in genetic counselling are
      discussed.

PMID- 153215
TI  - Surgical treatment of Scheuermann's adult kyphosis: case report.
AB  - A 39-year-old woman with severe Scheuermann's kyphosis complaining of back pain
      was treated surgically. The following operations were performed in stages to
      correct a fixed kyphosis: (1) total diskectomy through an anterior approach; (2)
      application of the halo pelvic distraction apparatus; (3) anterior spine fusion
      following correction by spinal distraction. She was relieved of her complaints
      and deformity at a 3 year follow-up examination.

PMID- 153217
TI  - Tryptophan-nicotinamide combination in the treatment of newly admitted depressed
      patients.

PMID- 153216
TI  - The fourth Volhard lecture: cardiovascular structural adaptation; its role in the
      initiation and maintenance of primary hypertension.

PMID- 153218
TI  - Effect of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in kainate-lesioned rat striatum: anomaly in the
      radioenzymatic assay of acetylcholine.

PMID- 153219
TI  - The mechanism for the promotion of tenderness in meat during the post-mortem
      process: a review.
AB  - The post-mortem changes in the chemical composition and structure of striated
      muscle have been reviewed on the basis of various concepts that emerged from the
      studies of different investigators to explain the course of tenderization of meat
      during aging. These concepts include the changes in the sarcoplasmic proteins,
      myofibrillar proteins (such as complete dissociation of actomyosin, partial
      dissociation of actomyosin, cleavage of disulfide linkages, depolymerization of F
      actin filaments, cleavage of myosin filaments, disorganization of Z-bands and the
      troponin-tropomyosin complex), sarcolemma, connective tissue elements (collagen
      fibrils, ground substance), and the protein-ion relationship of the muscle cells
      (more strictly, syncytia). The experimental evidence for and against each of the
      views is discussed critically in the light of certain fundamentals of biophysical
      chemistry and biochemistry. Finally, an alternative hypothesis has been presented
      based on the differential effect of the post-mortem formation of lactic acid (H+
      ion concentration) on the intra- and extracellular components of muscle and the
      possible role of lysosomal cathepsins. Consequently, a series of biophysical,
      biochemical, and ultrastructural changes seem to account for the mechanism by
      which meat becomes tender during the aging process.

PMID- 153220
TI  - Rhus dermatitis. An unusual example of exposure.

PMID- 153221
TI  - Contact dermatitis due to American parthenium weed in India.

PMID- 153222
TI  - [Treatment of postoperative low back pain by means of electric stimulation].

PMID- 153223
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and autonomic dysfunction after vacor rodenticide ingestion.
AB  - A case of N-3 pyridylmethyl-N' 4 nitrophenyl urea (Vacor) rodenticide poisoning
      in a 52-year-old man is presented. Vacor is structurally related to alloxan and
      streptozotocin, agents that have been used extensively to produce diabetes
      mellitus in laboratory animals. Seven days after ingestion of Vacor, the patient
      presented in diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by postural hypotension and
      adynamic ileus. The patient recovered from ketoacidosis but has continued to
      require insulin. With infusion of arginine, glucagon rose from 185 to 650 pg./ml.
      and C-peptide from 0.5 to 3.4 ng./ml. Six weeks after onset of diabetes, no anti
      islet-cell antibodies were detected. Muscle capillary basement membrane thickness
      on electron microscopy was found to be 1,918 +/- 194 A. The absence of
      hyperglycemia after Vacor ingestion should not lead to complacency on the part of
      the attending physician. The patient must be observed closely for development of
      ketoacidosis and treated prophylactically with nicotinamide, the suggested
      antidote.

PMID- 153224
TI  - [Chromographic dynamics of morphophysiological traits in the willow grouse].

PMID- 153225
TI  - [Distribution and activity of heterotrophic microorganisms in Volga River pools].

PMID- 153226
TI  - Enzyme histochemistry of the rat hippocampus during experimental status
      epilepticus.
AB  - EEG registered hippocampal status epilepticus (HSE) was provoked in 41 adult
      albino rats by intraseptal injection of ouabain, and the hippocampus was studied
      from 1 1/2 to 24 hr with the enzyme histochemical tests for succinic
      dehydrogenase (SDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), thiaminopyrophosphatase
      (TPPase), acid phosphatase (AcPase), Mg2+ adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2++
      ATPase), and with general and neurohistological stains. In a first group of
      animals (1 1/2 to 10 hr of HSE), a stage of general increase in enzymatic
      activity was detected in the pyramidal neurons (SDH, LDH, AcPase, and TPPase).
      Mg2+ ATPase showed a marked increase in astrocytes. In a second group (more than
      10 hr of HSE), SDH was found decreased in the dendritic fields. LDH activity
      persisted in neuronal bodies, and AcPase and TPPase showed diffuse activity in
      the cytoplasm of some pyramidal neurons. In a third group (more than 18 hr of
      HSE), SDH activity was low. No AcPase granules were observed in some pyramidal
      neurons and TPPase was negative in some areas of pyramidal layer. Mg2+ ATPase
      reaction showed scare and retracted astroglial processes. These changes were
      coincident with "cellular ghosts" observed with hematoxylin-eosin techniques of
      the same samples in the pyramidal field and were interpreted as cellular death,
      attributed to relative anoxia following neuronal discharge.

PMID- 153227
TI  - Characterization of (Mg,Ca)-ATPase activity in rat pancreatic plasma membranes.
AB  - 1. Pancreatic plasma membranes containing a high adenylate cyclase activity and a
      low contamination by cytochrome c oxidase were isolated from the rat by sucrose
      density centrifugation. The preparation contained an (Mg,Ca)-ATPase of high
      activity with the following characteristics. 2. The ATPase activity was shown to
      have two apparent Km values for Mg-ATP (0.24 +/- 0.09 mM and 1.15 +/- 0.21 mM)
      and two apparent Km values for Ca-ATP (0.14 +/- 0.09 mM and 0.68 +/- 0.10 mM). Mg
      GTP and Ca-GTP were also hydrolysed by the preparation. The phase transition
      temperature was 19.3 +/- 1.0 degrees C for the Mg-ATPase and 22.6 +/- 1.1 degrees
      C for the Ca-ATPase activities. 3. Three lines of evidence suggest that Mg-ATP
      and Ca-ATP were substrates for the same enzyme: Mg-dependent and Ca-dependent
      activities were not additive; the two activities showed the same pH optimum at
      8.0; and the nonionic detergents Triton X-100, Triton X-305, Triton N-101, Lubrol
      P 12 A, and digitonin, produced a parallel solubilization of the two activities.
      4. Enzyme activities were insensitive to potassium, sodium, ouabain,
      pancreozymin, carbamoyl-choline, secretin, concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin,
      and soybean lectin.

PMID- 153228
TI  - Induction of cardiac L-ornithine decarboxylase by nicotinamide and its regulation
      by putrescine.

PMID- 153229
TI  - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system: mutations in the pho2 locus of the
      mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Two mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which show a loss of mitochondrial
      rutamycin-sensitive ATPase activity are described. Although phenotypically
      similar to mutants of the mitochondrial locus pho1 [F. Foury and A. Tzagoloff
      (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 68, 113-119], these mutants define a second ATPase locus
      on the mitochondrial DNA (designated pho2), which is genetically unlinked to
      pho1. Analysis of recombination in crosses involving multiple antibiotic
      resistance markers indicates that the locus is in the segment of the genome
      between ery1 and oli2, very close to oli1. In fact it is proposed that the oli1
      and pho2 mutations are in the same gene. Supporting evidence for this proposal
      includes: 1. The analysis of marker retention in petite mutants shows that the
      oli1 and pho2 loci were either retained or lost together in all cases. 2.
      Recombination frequencies of 0.05% or less are observed in crosses between the
      oli1 and pho2 loci. 3. When rho+ revertants are isolated from the pho2 mutants
      they frequently are oligomycin resistant. 4. pho2 mutants have an altered subunit
      9 of the ATPase complex.

PMID- 153230
TI  - Characterization of the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein isolated from
      chloroplast membranes.
AB  - Characterization of a butanol-solubilized protein isolated from chloroplast
      membranes is reported. The proteolipid, which specifically and covalently binds
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, has an apparent molecular weight of 8,000 in
      dodecylsulfate electrophoresis. The minimum molecular weight calculated from
      amino acid analysis data is 7,700. N-Formyl-methionine was determined to be the N
      terminal amino acid. Glycine, alanine and leucine were present in elevated
      amounts, resulting in a polarity of 29%. Cysteine and histidine were lacking. In
      high-voltage electrophoresis the peptide appeared as a single homogenous spot
      which migrated, at pH 6.5, with the relative mobility of glycine. At
      concentrations where dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibited ATPase activity maximally
      (20 nmol per mg membrane protein), 0.17 nmol dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was
      covalently bound per nmol isolated proteolipid, indicating that one out of six
      molecules of proteolipid was labeled.

PMID- 153231
TI  - The management of congenital tricuspid incompetence.
AB  - 2 examples of severe tricuspid incompetence presenting in the newborn period are
      described. Both recovered with medical treatment alone, with subsequent decrease
      in tricuspid incompetence. Postnatal course is attributed to normal decrease in
      pulmonary vascular resistance. Some infants may be at considerable risk until
      this decrease occurs.

PMID- 153232
TI  - Rate of drug metabolism in man measured by 14CO2-breath analysis.
AB  - Exhalation of 14CO2 in breath has been used to assess the rate of hepatic
      demethylation of (14C-dimethyl)aminopyrine, but due to the complexity of
      aminopyrine metabolism the pharmacokinetics of the procedure are insufficiently
      understood. Therefore, studies were performed in five individuals after oral
      administration of (14C-methoxy)glycodiazine, a model substance with relatively
      simple kinetic properties. Plasma concentrations of the drug and urinary output
      of its metabolites measured by high pressure liquid chromatography were analysed
      by a two-compartment open model. The terminal disappearance of 14CO2 from breath
      was practically identical with the terminal disappearance of glycodiazine from
      plasma, which could be correlated with the plasma clearance of free glycodiazine.
      The mean transit time of 14C-atoms from plasma to breath was 3 h. These results
      contribute to the pharmacokinetic basis for use of 14C-demethylation breath
      tests. In particular, they are consistent with the hypothesis that 14CO2-breath
      analysis may be used to assess certain pharmacokinetic parameters of
      appropriately labelled test compounds. These parameters may not necessarily be a
      direct reflection of the rate of demethylation.

PMID- 153233
TI  - Metabolic and contractile changes in fast and slow muscles of the cat after
      glucocorticoid-induced atrophy.

PMID- 153234
TI  - Trypanosoma cruzi: isolation and characterization of membrane and flagellar
      fractions.

PMID- 153235
TI  - Intrinsic fluorescence of mitochondrial F1-ATPase.
AB  - The emission maximum of the fluorescence spectrum of mitochondrial F1-ATPase is
      shifted from 305 to 334 nm when the excitation wavelength is altered from 270 to
      300 nm. This indicates that both tyrosine and tryptophan contribute to the
      intrinsic fluorescence of the F1-ATPase.

PMID- 153236
TI  - The effects of brain monoamine depletion on p-chlorophenyl-alanine-induced
      hypothermia.
AB  - I.p. administration of p-chlorophenylalanine produced a fall in rectal
      temperature in rats. The hypothermia was attenuated after pretreatment of the
      animals with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, but was unaffected after pretreatment of
      the animals with 6-hydroxydopamine.

PMID- 153237
TI  - [Search for galanthamine in plants of the genera Galanthues L. and Leucojum L. in
      Transcaucasia].

PMID- 153238
TI  - [Verification of the effect of diftalone on the inflammation caused by
      subcutaneous injection of microcrystalline monosodium urate].

PMID- 153239
TI  - ATP-induced inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase by oligomycin.

PMID- 153240
TI  - Fluorescence quenching of Ca2+-ATPase in bilayer vesicles by a spin-labeled
      phospholipid.

PMID- 153241
TI  - [Experience with the working out and utilization of weekly requirements for
      extemporaneous drugs for a pediatric hospital].

PMID- 153242
TI  - [Morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity among hospital pharmacy workers
      in the Belorussian SSR].

PMID- 153243
TI  - Effect of epimestrol on gonadotropin and prolactin plasma levels and response to
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone/thyrotropin-releasing hormone in secondary
      amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea.
AB  - The effects of epimestrol (5 mg every 6 hours for 5 days) on basal levels of
      luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (Prl),
      estradiol, progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and on the response
      to LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
      stimulation, were studied in 18 cases of secondary amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea
      of hypothalamic-pituitary origin, in three cases of anorexia nervosa, in two
      cases of long-lasting progestin-induced amenorrhea, and in one case of precocious
      menopause. The results in the first 18 patients indicate that epimestrol
      treatment induces a significant increase in LH and Prl levels after 24 hours,
      while the FSH increase becomes significant only after 4 days of therapy. Twelve
      hours after discontinuation of treatment, all three hormone levels decreased
      significantly to values similar to the basal levels, while the pituitary response
      to LH-RH indicated a much more marked LH secretion than before treatment. A
      second test, performed 36 hours after the last drug administration, again showed
      a significantly higher LH response than that found under basal conditions. No
      significant variations were observed in the FSH response to LH-RH, nor in the Prl
      response to TRH. These data suggest that epimestrol interferes at the level of
      the centers responsible for Prl and gonadotropin secretion in the manner of a
      weak estrogen.

PMID- 153244
TI  - [Receptor adaptation of muscle spindles treated in different ways].
AB  - Comparison of the grades of 60 sensitive muscle spindle terminals on two actions:
      gradual stretch of the muscle and short intensive tetanization of the muscle
      nerve, showed that, irrespective of the mode of action, the character of
      adaptation remains the smae in majority of units. The speed of receptors
      adaptation depends not on the specific of testing precedures, but, apparently, on
      the means of connection of the sensitive terminals with different types of
      intrafusal muscle fibers with different elasticviscous properties. The possible
      reason for speedy adaptation of muscle receptors of elementary dynamic type, is
      discussed.

PMID- 153245
TI  - [Interrelationship between contact coagulation, surface charge and roughness].
AB  - The negative surface charge and the mechanically even surface were found in vitro
      to hinder the blood hypercoagulation, fibrin absorption, and thrombocytes
      hyperadhesion. The surface negative electrical charge of 6--10(-9)Cl/cm2 and the
      surface of the 9--14th class of mechanical evenness seem to be optimal for
      prophylaxis of thrombosis at the blood-surface border. The surface negative
      electrical charge reduces the possibility of thrombosis on mechanically rough
      surface.

PMID- 153246
TI  - Immunologic study of T and B lymphocytes in thymectomized monkeys after
      irradiation and autologous bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - Rhesus monkeys were exposed to total-body gamma-irradiation (60Co) with 700R
      following adult thymectomy, and then protected with autologous bone marrow.
      Transplantation immunity in TxIBM animals was impaired: skin allografts survived
      for 19 to 38 days. The percentage of T and B lymphocytes studied by the rosette
      technique and immunofluorescent staining for Ig did not substantially change when
      examined in early as well as late periods after TxIBM. Functional capacities of
      lymphocytes were measured in vitro by stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin and
      with allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. MLC reactivity in TxIBM
      monkeys did not recover in the early and later periods following treatment. PHA
      responsiveness was retained in both these periods. These findings together with
      the results obtained in the analysis of unstable chromosomal aberrations
      suggested that PHA-responsive and MLC-reactive cell subpopulations of monkey
      blood lymphocytes differed in the degree of thymus dependence.

PMID- 153247
TI  - Morphology and functional changes in nude mice grafted with embryonic and adult
      bovine thymus.

PMID- 153248
TI  - Early dental care aids indigent children.

PMID- 153249
TI  - 'Nautical' office design appeals to young patients.

PMID- 153250
TI  - Observations on laparoscopic cautery for female sterilisation.

PMID- 153252
TI  - Community physiotherapy.

PMID- 153251
TI  - Studies of cultured human fibroblasts in diabetes mellitus: changes in heparan
      sulfate.
AB  - The incorporation of [35S]sulfate into glycosaminoglycans was studied in cultures
      of normal and diabetic skin fibroblasts. Heparan sulfate was determined by column
      chromatography after enzymatic degradation of chondroitin sulfates and dermatan
      sulfate by chondroitinase ABE. Cultured skin fibroblasts from both insulin
      dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetics were found to have increased
      proportions of heparan sulfate in the media relative to the other sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans.

PMID- 153253
TI  - Paediatric neurology.

PMID- 153254
TI  - Enhancing effect of phenobarbital on the development of enzyme-altered islands
      and hepatocellular carcinomas initiated by 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino) azobenzene
      or diethylnitrosamine.

PMID- 153255
TI  - Morphologic and functional characteristics of human intestinal lymphoid cells
      isolated by a mechanical technique.

PMID- 153256
TI  - Liver surface characteristics as observed during laparoscopy correlated with
      biopsy findings.

PMID- 153257
TI  - [Failure of laparoscopic sterilization].

PMID- 153258
TI  - The effects of a high dose of benserazide on the concentrations of 5
      hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline and dopamine in different regions of the rat
      brain.

PMID- 153259
TI  - Eczematous conditons in the elderly: common and curable.

PMID- 153260
TI  - Summed up results of a clinico-genetic study on children with Langdon-Down's
      disease.

PMID- 153261
TI  - [Experimental inflammation and dietary protein content in rats subchronically
      poisoned with Nabam].

PMID- 153262
TI  - Perceived pitch and fundamental frequency comparisons of institutionalized Down's
      syndrome children.

PMID- 153264
TI  - [Measurement and differential demonstration of renal blood flow by computer
      angiography (author's transl)].
AB  - A new computer-aided x-ray technique is presented which, unlike conventional cine
      or video-densitometry, allows a high-resolution quantitative display of the
      parameters of renal blood flow as so-called 'functional images'. The parameters
      include blood flow velocity and local perfusion of the kidney. This technique,
      which we call computer angiography, has decisive advantages; the functional
      images provide more, and more rapid, information on renal blood flow dynamics
      than can be obtained by the qualitative evaluation of a series of pictures. The
      clinical relevance of computer angiography is illustrated by a nephrotic
      syndrome, polycystic disease and a hypernephroma.

PMID- 153263
TI  - Experimental evaluation of rigor mortis. I. Histochemical analysis of rat
      skeletal muscle in the early post-mortem period.
AB  - Histochemical investigation of rat skeletal muscle samples removed immediately
      post mortem from exercised rats gave the following results: (1) Of the
      oxidoreductase enzymes studied, there was a slight increase in the activity of
      cytochrome oxidase. (2) There was no change in the acid- and alkali-stable
      actomyosin ATPase activity. (3) There was a notable decrease in glycogen
      concentration. In the case of strychnine intoxication: (1) There was no change in
      oxidoreductase enzymes. (2) There was an increase in the activity of alkali
      stable ATPase in white fibres. (3) The glycogen concentration notably decreased.
      There was no change in the activity of enzymes studied in those animals
      sacrificed by anoxia.

PMID- 153265
TI  - [Phantom measurements of spatial resolution and the partial-volume-effect in
      computer tomography (author's transl)].
AB  - The present work deals with the problem of demonstrating tissue changes of small
      volume by computer tomography. Measurements were carried out with the Somatom
      computer tomograph and evaluated by the Evaluscope (both Siemens); fourteen test
      situations were devised, using plexiglass rods of varying diameter and different
      penetration into the level being sectioned. Quantitative relationships were found
      concerning the spatial resolution for objects of varying sizes, concerning the
      partial volume effect and the thickness of the section for objects of varying
      size, and concerning the relationship between resolution and partial volume
      effect for small objects.

PMID- 153266
TI  - [The value of various radiological procedures for the investigation of functional
      disturbances of renal transplants (author's transl)].
AB  - The value of various radiological examinations was analysed with reference to 75
      renal transplants which had developed complications. If the renal poles are
      marked with metallic clips, the size of the transplant can be estimated by
      abdominal x-rays. Abnormal size was found exclusively in severe rejection
      reactions, but only about 50% of acute rejections showed such a change. Contrast
      examinations were found to be valuable in the diagnosis or exclusion of
      anatomically localised lesions such as obstructions or anastomotic leaks. They
      were unsatisfactory in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diffuse
      parenchymatous abnormalities such as rejection or damage during storage.

PMID- 153267
TI  - [Sonography and phlebography in the investigation of the suprarenals (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Twelve patients were examined by sonography and phlebography; of these, ten had
      suprarenal tumours and two suprarenal hyperplasia. The value of sonography and
      its place compared with radiological examinations is discussed. Sonography is an
      informative method of screening and should be employed whenever there is clinical
      suspicion of enlargement of the suprarenals before other radiological methods are
      used.

PMID- 153268
TI  - [The transumbilical occlusionphlebography of the pancreas, the attempt of a new
      technique (author's transl)].
AB  - The value of selective and superselective arteriography is limited. The
      difficulties in differentiation between tumors and chronic pancreatitis make it
      frequently impossible to come to an early diagnosis by the method. Beside
      arterial vessel changes pathological venous lesions may play a role in view of
      resectability. Because of anatomical structures phlebography of the vena portae
      and its origens is not commonly used. Especially selective pancreas phlebography
      is possible only by means of indirect catherterization. Among the different
      techniques the transumbilical route seems to be mort effective than recently
      thought of. In this paper a new technique of pancreas phlebography by means of
      catheterization of the umbilical vein is introduced. Twelve praparations of human
      pancreas at autopsy and six postmortal catheterizations of the portal veins in
      situ in man have been studied. First results of this occlusion-phlebography of
      the pancreas are presented for the first time. Problems are discussed which may
      arise when applicating this method in vivo. In is expected to get more important
      angiographic information about pancreatic diseases. Certainly it can be used to
      investigate hemodynamic and biochemical changes.

PMID- 153269
TI  - [Occlusion of the three unpaired aortic branches with the development of an
      extensive Riolan's anastomosis (author's transl)].
AB  - A 60-year-old patient with occlusion of the inferior and superior mesenteric
      arteries and the coeliac axis developed a collateral circulation from the iliac
      arteries through the rectal vessels, the ascending ramus of the inferior
      mesenteric artery and the medical colic branch of the superior mesenteric artery.
      These collaterals were able to ensure survival of all three vascular territories.
      Along the medial wall of the descending colon and the sigmoid a second, less well
      developed collateral circulation could be demonstrated by iliac arteriography.
      The branches of the superior mesenteric artery and of the coeliac axis were only
      partly demonstrated, or failed to fill, during a free aortic injection and a
      counter current arteriogram. Clinically the occlusion of the unpaired aortic
      branches manifested itself as periumbilical pain after food. The involvement of
      the visceral aortic branches to this extent in the presence of generalised
      vascular disease is related to an attack of dysentry 38 years previously.

PMID- 153270
TI  - [Roentgendiagnostic of the peritoneovenous drainage after Le Veen for
      ascitestreatment (author's transl)].
AB  - The peritoneovenous drainage after Le Veen offers a possibility of the
      ascitestreatment. The roentgenexamination showed wrong positions of the katheter
      as the most frequent cause of dysfunctions. They were regularly combined with
      venous obstructions. The intraoperativ x-ray diagnostic can fascilate the shunt
      application and may help to spare a second operation.

PMID- 153271
TI  - [Intramural perforation of the oesophagus (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have seen four patients with perforation into the wall of the
      oesophagus and have reviewed 17 others described in the literature. They discuss
      the appearances, causes, symptoms and radiological characteristics of this
      condition and also deal with its treatment. It is important to differentiate the
      clinical picture of this type of perforation from cardiac infarcts, aortic
      dissection and also from transmural perforation, since the treatment varies
      widely.

PMID- 153272
TI  - [Investigation of the small bowel using an intubation method (author's transl)].
AB  - Small bowel contrast examinations by an intubation method were carried out in our
      hundred patients suspected of having small bowel disease. The method described by
      Sellink was used and the time and expenditure for carrying out the procedure was
      monitored. The effect of changes in the method on side effects and quality of the
      results were observed. Although the technique requires rather more time and
      effort, the side effects are minimal once it has been properly worked out and
      there are definite diagnostic gains compared with conventional methods of
      investigating the small bowel. The increased information available justifies the
      use of the intubation technique not only for selected problems, but as the
      primary method of examination of the small bowel.

PMID- 153273
TI  - [The value of abdominal radiographs in the diagnosis of bromurea intoxication
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Brom-substituted mono-urea hypnotics, which may be taken with suicidal intent,
      can be demonstrated radiologically. The value of routine abdominal x-rays in the
      recognition of intoxications has been examined at the University Clinic, Ulm, on
      patients admitted in 1976 and 1977. It has been shown that it is usually possible
      radiographically to indicate whether bromurea compounds have been taken in
      significant quantities, The bromurea has low solubility in the stomach and it is
      therefore possible to demonstrate the amount and type of substance present; this
      has some bearing on immediate treatment. Rapid removal of the toxic substance is
      so important for effective treatment that routine abdominal radiographs appear
      indicated for all life-threatening intoxications. Confusion with other opaque
      substances in practise is confined to preparations containing bismuth; although
      these are widely used, they have no significant toxicity.

PMID- 153275
TI  - [Computer cardio-tomography for tumours of the left atrium (author's transl)].
AB  - The role of computer tomography in the diagnosis of cardiac tumours was
      demonstrated by three patients with myxomas of the left atrium. After intravenous
      contrast administration these tumours appeared as relatively translucent space
      occupying lesions on the computer tomograph. The invasive method of angio
      cardiography is unlikely to provide any additional information concerning tumour
      size or localisation when compared with non-invasive computer tomography or echo
      cardiography.

PMID- 153274
TI  - [Computer tomography of the mediastinum (author's transl)].
AB  - The scope and limitaitons of computer tomography in the diagnosis of diseases of
      the mediastinum were studied, using a 20 seconds scanner (EMI CT 5005/12). The
      mediastinal structures can be accurately differentiated and diagnosis is
      therefore frequently facilitated. In addition to a knowledge of the anatomy, it
      is important to be familiar with various types of artefact since these may change
      the degree of attenuation. Additional use of contrast medium is frequently
      required.

PMID- 153276
TI  - [The radiographic appearances following correction of left-to-right shunts
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Amongst 22 patients with corrected left-to-right shunts, a diminution in heart
      size and reduction in central pulmonary arteries and pulmonary plethora was found
      in about half the patients. A good operative result can be expected, particularly
      in younger patients with less severe lesions, where the vessels had not been
      subjected to a high pressure for a long period. The failure of vessels to return
      to normal is assurmed to be due to changes in the vessel walls. Possible causes
      for persistent cardiomegaly are, in addition to persistent shunts, coronary
      artery disease, obesity, inadequate digitalisation and aortic and mitral
      insufficiency.

PMID- 153278
TI  - [Changes in the pulmonary vessels during asthma in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - One hundred and twenty-eight erect radiographs of the thorax in 42 children with
      bronchial asthma have been analysed. The criterium for inclusion in this study
      was the demonstration on once occasion at least of hyperinflation of the lung
      with a low diaphragm, increased size of lung, narrow heart and increase in the
      retrosternal transparent area. In all patients there was narrowing of the
      vessels. In addition, the vessels appeared irregular and curved. Other
      characteristic radiological findings were tram-lines, obstructed bronchi,
      peribronchial infiltrates and atelectases. Increasing severity of the attack lead
      to increasing finding of other radiological changes in the thorax, but these have
      not yet been statistically examined.

PMID- 153277
TI  - [The assessment of activity of tuberculous lesions. A radiological problem
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The evaluation of activity of tuberculous lesions in patients with unknown
      previous course make an additional tomographic assessment of the lesion
      necessary. The value of this approach is being illustrated by 8 cases.

PMID- 153279
TI  - [Plain film findings in the skull in neurofibromatosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The radiologically demonstrable changes in the skull, which occur in
      neurofibromatosis, are described. The mesodermal dysplastic changes in the
      sphenoid and the facial skeleton are diagnostic. Changes secondary to
      blastomatous processes are not always a consequence of the presence of a tumour;
      they may result from developmental abnormalities or dural protrusion. In addition
      one may encounter a series of changes which are not in themselves diagnostic.
      Problems in the diagnoses and the differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 153280
TI  - [Double contours and companion shadows in the skull associated with anaemias
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Lateral X-ray pictures of the skull in certain several and chronic disorders of
      the blood as thalassaemia, congenital haemolytic anaemia, sickle cell anaemia and
      iron deficiency disease show frequently changes of the outlines of the cranial
      bones. They consist of a double contour of the outer cranial border and on the
      interior side below the sagittal sutura of a band-like shadow or of multiple
      stripes and lines running parallel to the carnial vault. They concern the
      parietal bones and may extend from the bregma till to the lamda or occupy only a
      part of this distance. The roentgenological features are due to the enlargement
      of the crainal bones, the bulging out of both parietal bondes, the sometimes
      enlarged and deepened borders of the sulcus sagittalis superior and particularly
      to the furrow and depression on the skull above the sagittal suture caused by the
      protruding parietal bones on both sides. As these different abnormal structures
      must be passed by the picturing X-ray, effects of superposition and interference
      are produced. Longitudinal ridges or bony edges which could explain the
      roentgenological findings could not be established. Since the peculiar
      alterations of the cranial bones are mainly found in the mentioned blood
      disorders, where they are caused by the overgrowing red marrow, they also display
      the same roentgenological features. These features are, therefore, a
      characteristic sign of these diseases.

PMID- 153281
TI  - [Physiological increase in the mineral content of the radius and ulna during
      growth (author's transl)].
AB  - Bone mineral estimations were carried out in 273 normal youngsters aged 6 to 18
      years using a 125I photon absorption technique. Measurements were carried out at
      two points on the radius and ulna. Normal values for different ages were
      calculated for both sexes. Statistical analysis of the data, together with
      measurements obtained from 773 adults, has shown that the curve derived from
      children and adolescents merges smoothly with that for adults.

PMID- 153282
TI  - [The place of radiology in tuberous sclerosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Tuberous sclerosis is a rare disease in which hamartomas may be found in the
      brain, the retina, the skin and in other internal organs. The classic form of the
      disease showing mental retardation, epilepsy and adenoma sebaceum is easily
      recognised. Incomplete forms, however, can provide considerable diagnostic
      difficulties. Angiographically, appearances are found which cannot be
      differentiated with certainty from those of malignant tumours. Malignant tumours
      are very rare in this condition. Nephrectomy can be avoided if the diagnosis is
      made at an early stage. Two female patients are reported, in one of whom the
      diagnosis was made by renal angiography. Despite the presence of large tumours in
      both kidneys, these organs could be preserved by surgery. In the second patient
      there were also bilateral renal hamartomas, but surgery was not carried out. Both
      cases showed typical changes in the fingers and toes as well as intracerebral
      calcification, and in one the lungs were affected.

PMID- 153283
TI  - [Lymphography for the prognosis of carcinoma of the cervix (author's transl)].
AB  - Ninety-two patients with carcinoma of the cervix, who had lymphograms before
      treatment, were observed for a period of three to five years. In patients with
      lymph node metastases 57.1% were found to have recurrences or metastases, or died
      during that period. Amongst patients with normal lymphograms the corresponding
      figure was 11.3%. These findings were true for each stage of the disease. Follow
      up studies with histological examination of the lymph nodes have shown that the
      prognosis of carcinoma of the cervix is totally different if lymph node
      metastases are present. Separation into cases with good and bad prognosis can be
      achieved by pre-treatment lymphography. The radiological findings concerning
      lymph nodes should therefore be included in the classification of carcinoma of
      the cervix; the T.N.M. calssification of U.I.C.C. makes this possible.

PMID- 153284
TI  - [Chromosomal changes following irradiation with small doses (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors examined the chromosomes of 20 patients who underwent thyroid
      investigations. Leucocyte cultures from peripheral blood were studied immediately
      before the indtroduction of 131I, and again after 48 hours. The results indicate
      that a total body dose of 0.05 rad increases chromatid damage as well as
      increasing the incidence of labile chromosome changes.

PMID- 153285
TI  - [Multiple congenital arteriovenous fistulas. Case report concerning a late
      manifestation].

PMID- 153286
TI  - [Percutaneous transluminal recanalization after trauma].

PMID- 153287
TI  - Carcinoma of the antethoracic skin graft esophagus.

PMID- 153288
TI  - [Ultrasound image of the liver in multinodular hemangioendotheliomatosis. Case
      report].

PMID- 153289
TI  - [A rare radiographic finding in the intensive care unit].

PMID- 153290
TI  - [Double hypernephroid tumour in a kidney].

PMID- 153291
TI  - [Multiple aneurysmal bone cysts in a 3-month-old infant].

PMID- 153292
TI  - [Ewing's sarcoma in a 13-month-old infant].

PMID- 153293
TI  - [Panel discussion: problems of the specialist's duty to inform the patient
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The obligation of the physician to inform the patient--which he has to prove in
      case of a suit--is based on the patient's right of selfdetermination. This self
      decision information was subject of the panel discussion. Not discussed in detail
      were the information concerning diagnosis and prognosis, and the instruction of
      the patient regarding his conduct postoperatively and during medical treatment.
      Not considered was the so-called malpractice and negligence respectively. Medical
      liability suits are increasing for various reasons and are frequently directed at
      a failure to inform the patient because the patient is often unable to prove a
      negligence of the physician ("surrogate liability"). The dimension of the duty of
      disclosure (complete information--no information at all) is discussed in general
      and with special regard to the radiological field.

PMID- 153294
TI  - [Thermographic investigations of thyroid foci (author's transl)].
AB  - Thyroid foci showing uptake on scintigraphy were examined by thermography and
      compared with foci showing no uptake. The following results were obtained: 1. One
      fifth of scintigraphically "cold" foci were also cold on the thermogram. 2. Two
      thirds to four fifths of foci showing scintigraphic uptake appeared as warm spots
      on the thermogram. 3. 10% of foci showing no uptake appeared as thermographic
      circumscribed hot spots. The combination of findings in "3" is suspicious of
      malignancy and this justifies the use of thermography in addition to scintigraphy
      and cytology.

PMID- 153295
TI  - [Galacto-biopsy (author's transl)].
AB  - By galacto-biopsy we understand the expression of a suspected intraductal
      papilloma by firm palpation as part of preparation for galactography. Using
      galacto-biopsy the accuracy of galactography in the diagnoses of intraduct
      papillomas was increased to 95%.

PMID- 153296
TI  - [Brunner's gland adenoma of the duodenal bulb].

PMID- 153297
TI  - [Biliodigestive fistulas].

PMID- 153298
TI  - [Unusual localization of a paraosteoarthropathy in the sternoclavicular joint].

PMID- 153299
TI  - [Rare form of an isolated coracoid fracture and its radiological appearance].

PMID- 153300
TI  - [Extreme arterial calcification in a young adult].

PMID- 153301
TI  - [Intermittent exophthalmos due to "valves" in the vena ophthalmica superior].

PMID- 153302
TI  - [Percutaneous transrenal extraction of a nephrostomy catheter fragment].

PMID- 153303
TI  - [Correlation the laevocardiogram and plain chest films in the presence of
      myocardial insufficiency (author's transl)].
AB  - A correlation was attempted in 106 patients with myocardial insufficiency between
      linear and volume parameters of the laevocardiogram and the corresponding
      parameters on plain chest films, as well as between pressure measurements and the
      degree of pulmonary congestion. Measurements on the plain radiograph provide only
      limited information on the function of the myocardium and the severity of
      myocardial lesion respectively. Nevertheless, they are of some value during the
      course of the disease.

PMID- 153304
TI  - [Coronary calcification and luminal diameter in coronary disease (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Two hundred and thirty-six patients with coronary heart disease were examined by
      coronary angiography and laevo-cardiography. In 111 patients (47%) there was
      coronary artery calcification. Of these, 108 patients (97%) showed abnormal
      findings on the coronary angiogram; in 72 patients (67%) coronary stenosis was
      greater than or equal to 50% of the lumen. The severity of the stenoses increased
      with the amount of calcification. There were only three false positive findings
      and the presence of coronary calcification indicates coronary sclerosis with a
      high degree of probability. Fluoroscopy is the simplest and most sensitive method
      of examination and is of great value in the non-invasive investigation of
      coronary sclerosis.

PMID- 153305
TI  - [Results of employing single crystal gammacamera and minicomputer in the first
      tracer passage to determine left-ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Single crystal gammacamera and minicomputer were employed in 71 patients to
      determine left-ventricular ejection fraction (EF) (17 mCi 99mTc-HSA; 30 degrees
      RAO projection) by means of the first tracer passage. In 30 out of these
      patients, ventricular wall motion could be analyzed additionally because later on
      the gammacamera was equipped with a converging collimator. Comparison with
      cineventriculographically determined EF values revealed a good correlation (r =
      0.91), not depending on left-ventricular wall motion pattern. Hereby, with first
      transit, high EFs were computed somewhat lower and low EFs were found somewhat
      higher. This non-limiting discrepancy is closely related to the influence of
      paracardiac "background"-radioactivity. Comparative analysis of segmental wall
      motion demonstrated agreement in 83% of the 90 segments examined. Therefore, it
      can be confirmed that performance of the first tracer passage for a evaluating
      segmental wall motion must not mandatorily be done with a multicrystal camera.

PMID- 153306
TI  - [The oblique projection in lung perfusion scintigraphy (author's transl)].
AB  - In perfusion lung imaging by scintillation camera routine use of posterior
      oblique views is recommended in addition to anterior and posterior views.
      Avoiding overlap activity ("shine through") from the contralateral lung they
      improve the detection rate as well as the characterisation and localisation of
      perfusion defects especially in the lower lobes. Artifacts due to increased
      absorption in the scapular region or to compression by mediastinal structures
      should be recognized.

PMID- 153307
TI  - [Acute aortic thrombosis (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of acute thrombosis of the aorta is described; it extended from the
      superior mesenteric artery to the bifurkation and was probably due to oestrogen
      medication. The clinical features and diagnosis of this rare condition are
      described. The condition usually develops against a background of advanced
      arteriosclerosis and is initiated by certain haemodynamic factors such as intimal
      damage from blunt trauma, emboli or the thrombogenic effect of oestrogens. The
      symptoms, such as pain, absent pulses etcetera are the result of ischaemia and
      depend on the extent of the lesion. A definite radiological diagnosis can only be
      made by means of aortography, if necessary with oblique projections. The
      Seldinger technique with a femoral or axillary approach is the method of choice.
      Aortography shows a filling defect and occasionally a collateral circulation.

PMID- 153308
TI  - [A comparative study between postmortem venography and the pathological anatomy
      of the liver (author's transl)].
AB  - A barium sulphate-gelatine mixture was injected into the veins in the left lobe
      of 50 human livers which were then x-rayed. The radiographs were compared with
      the pathological and anatomical findings and enlargements were studied and
      compared with the histology. A correlation was found between the venogram and the
      macroscopic and microscopic changes, particularly in various forms of cirrhosis
      of the liver. The scope and limitations of hepatic venography were studied with
      respect to solitary and diffuse liver metastase.

PMID- 153309
TI  - [Intravenous cholangiography in hyperbilirubinaemia (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of bilirubin on biliary and renal excretion of methylglucamine
      iodipamide at an infusion rate of 1.3, 2.6 and 5.2 mu mol/min/kg was studied by
      intravenous injection into five dogs with normal liver functions and chronic
      duodenal fistulas. Unconjugated bilirubin administered in a dose of 0.1 mu
      mol/min/kg reduced biliary iodipamide excretion and concentration significantly,
      but did not affect renal contrast material excretion. This indicates that the
      unsatisficatory radiological results of intravenous cholangiography in hepatic
      and obstructive jaundice depend not only on the reduced excretion capacity of the
      liver, but are also due to a direct inhibitory effect of bilirubin on biliary
      contrast material excretion. In the presence of hyperbilirubinaemia, the highest
      iodine concentrations in the bile were obtained with the highest iodipamide serum
      levels; a reduction in contrast material dose or prolongation of the period of
      contrast material infusion therefore does not appear to be indicated in jaundiced
      patients.

PMID- 153310
TI  - [Computer tomographic diagnosis of abscesses (author's transl)].
AB  - The computer tomographic diagnosis of an abscess must be related to the clinical
      condition of a patient. In the presence of pyaemia or following an operation,
      with high fever, tenderness on palpation, leucocytosis and rapid development of
      the illness, an abscess may be suspected. The computer tomographic findings
      depend on the stage of the development of the abscess. Early on there is the
      finding of a cellular tumour with high attenuation values; after a few days, with
      leucocyte degeneration, there is a significant reduction in the attenuation value
      to that of serus fluid, or even less. Later, when organisation takes place, the
      development of connective tissue causes a marked increase in attenuation values
      which correspond with those of solid tissues. If the abscess becomes
      encapsulated, or if there is caseation in a tuberculous lesion, a cyst may be
      imitated with, again, a reduction in attenuation values. The usefulness of
      contrast examinations is discussed.

PMID- 153311
TI  - [Value and results of computer tomography in diseases of the pancreas (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In a joint study carried out by the radiological university clinics of Bonn,
      Hamburg, Cologne, Leuven and Munich, 483 computer tomographs of the pancreas were
      evaluated. A correct histological diagnosis, or one confirmed at surgery, was
      obtained in 74.5% of 168 cases; in a further 9% an abnormality was seen in the
      pancreas or in its immediate vicinity, but was wrongly interpreted. The computer
      tomographic criteria of inflammatory processes and of tumours of the pancreas are
      given, and the not uncommon difficulties in distinguishing between these are
      discussed.

PMID- 153312
TI  - [Quantitative determination of the effect of angiotensin on renal blood flow
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of angiotensin on renal blood flow was measured in ten patients by
      using selected angiography and video densitometry. A dose of 0.5 microgram.
      reduced flow in the renal artery 30 seconds after intraarterial application by an
      average of 60%. Neither the renal artery nor its primary branches showed any
      change in calibre.

PMID- 153313
TI  - [A new instrument for catheter introduction for angiographic and percutaneous
      transhepatic examinations (author's transl)].
AB  - An instrument is described which can be used in the femoral or axillary approach
      using the Seldinger technique, and which has been found to be satisfactory during
      several years' use. Its advantages are that it is easy to use and the necessary
      technique is easily acquired; catheters can be changed painlessly and without
      damaging the artery; thinner catherters can be introduced without producing
      bleeding and the space between the instrument and the catheter can be perfused.
      The instrument has also proved valuable for percutaneous transhepatic biliary
      drainage or portography by preventing buckling of the catheter at the costal
      chest/liver interface.

PMID- 153314
TI  - [Osteoarthritis in the neonate. Radiologic diagnosis and follow-up observations
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A fatally ending index case of septic osteoarthritis that was diagnosed
      retrospectively initiated this report. This patient had severe, asymmetrically
      distributed metaphyseal growth disturbances at many long bones. In order to
      determine the features of early radiologic diagnosis we report the findings of 7
      further patients with neonatal septic osteoarthritis with clinical and
      radiological follow-up. The most important observation for early radiologic
      diagnosis of osteoarthritis is the displacement of fat layers along the
      metaphysis. Other findings of the soft tissues have the same diagnostic value as
      bone destruction and subperiosteal new bone formation found one to three weeks
      later on roentgenfilms. Detecting early signs of osteoarthritis helps in
      localizing the focus for bacteriologic diagnosis, which is said to be more
      successful than blood cultures. Diagnosing a joint empyema initiates surgical
      intervention for pressure relief in order to avoid necrosis of the epiphysis as
      seen in the femoral head in septic arthritis of the hip joint. Early diagnosis
      and treatment prior to destruction of the growing cartilage is necessary to avoid
      growth disturbances and length discrepancies of long bones. In cases of sepsis a
      so called "babygram" and a repeat examination 10 to 14 days later is mandatory.

PMID- 153315
TI  - [Quantitative mineral estimations in vertebral bodies by computer tomography
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The accuracy of computer tomographic bone density measurements in the axial
      skeleton was tested by comparing results obtained from the first lumbar body in
      abdominal phantoms. An almost linear relationship (r = 0.998) was found between
      increasing concentrations of a calcium chloride solution and CT absorption
      values. The sum of the CT values of sections through the vertebral body
      correlated well with their ash content (r = 0.90) as well as with the hydroxyl
      apatite values obtained by I125-absorption densitometry (r = 0.88).
      Reproducibility of CT measurements on the phantom was good (coefficient of
      variation = 1.2% in the spongiosa). Average CT values of separate measurements of
      the spongiosa and cortex could be correlated with the total spongiosa by a
      special programme (r = 0.95). In the practical application of this technique,
      possible sources of error must be considered, such as the effect of high energy
      polychromatic radiation, inhomogeneity of the object being investigated and
      difficulties in positioning the patients

PMID- 153316
TI  - [Technique and diagnostic value of functional myelography in lumbar discopathy
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A standard myelogram using water soluble contrast with additional functional
      examination were carried out on 72 patients with suspected disc prolapse.
      Diagnostic accuracy can be significantly improved by the functional examination
      and, in some cases, the diagnosis can only be made in this way. There are no
      false positives. The advantages and limitations of the  method are enumerated and
      its morphological significance is discussed.

PMID- 153317
TI  - [Discographic visualisation of lumbar disc herniations (author's transl)].
AB  - The myelographic diagnosis of lumbar disc herniations remains unclear in about 5%
      of the cases. When the clinical examination does not allow clear localisation of
      the segmental level of the lesion and symptomatology is atypical, discorgraphy
      may be the only procedure providing further diagnostic information. Very lateral
      as well as ventral disc herniations can thus be clearly demonstrated. Knowledge
      of both typical and atypical findings is, however, required to avoid false
      negative results.

PMID- 153318
TI  - [The angiographic demonstration of infra-tentorial tumors with identical
      manifestations, localisation and histology in identical twins (author's transl)].
AB  - The angiographic diagnostic features of concordant tumors of the posterior fossa
      in monozygotic twins are described. In both cotwins cranio-spinal subependymomas
      were found which had grown through the foramen magnum and reached from the fourth
      ventricle down to the second cervical vertebra. Thereby, the conformity of the
      clinical mainifestation, symptomotology and the course of the disease, the
      localisation and extent of the tumors as well as the neuroradiologic findings and
      the histologic features of the tumors were particularly striking. After a review
      and critical summary of the few cases of concordant affections with brain tumors
      in identical twins published in the literature at present our couple is discussed
      under the question of the possible influence of genetic factors or a hereditary
      disposition on the development of cerebral tumors.

PMID- 153319
TI  - [Studies on the diagnostic accuracy of lymphography (author's transl)].
AB  - Contradictory reports in the literature on the reliability of lymphography
      stimulated the authors to test the diagnostic accuracy, employing methods which
      are approximately analogous to practice, using carcinoma of the cervix as the
      model on which the study was carried out. Using 21 observers it was found that
      there was no correlation between their experience and on-target accuracy of the
      diagnosis. Good observers obtained an accuracy of 85% with good proportions
      between sensitivity in the recognition of detail, specificity and readiness to
      arrive at a decision on the basis of discriminatory ability. With the help of the
      concept of the ROC curves, the position taken up by the observers in respect of
      diagnostic decisions, and a complex manner of assessing the various
      characteristic factors determining diagnostic accuracy, are demonstrated. This
      form of test, which permits manipulation of different variants of diagnosis, is
      recommended, among other things, for performance control at the end of training
      and continuing education courses in other fields of x-ray diagnosis as well.

PMID- 153320
TI  - [Modern therapy of acne vulgaris. A therapy proposal for the management of
      uncomplicated cases].
AB  - Acne vulgaris is one of the most widespread of all diseases and is frequently the
      object of treatment in general and specialist medical practice. New insights into
      the pathophysiology of acne show that the most important therapeutic principle is
      suppression of the propionibacteria in the pilosebaceous duct since these
      bacteria have a key role in the genesis of the comedo and of inflammatory acne
      efflorescences. Experimental findings are shown which prove the value of a local
      treatment with antibiotics and ethanol-containing masks. The second therapeutic
      principle is "keratolytic" therapy. Retinoic acid, benzoyl peroxide and salicylic
      acid are in the forefront here. The third therapeutic principle is the reduction
      of seborrhea. Benzoyl peroxide is especially suitable for local treatment.
      Differential diagnosis of acne vulgaris and additional possibilities of treatment
      in problem cases are dealt with.

PMID- 153322
TI  - Postprandial abdominal pain.

PMID- 153321
TI  - Complement abnormalities in human disease.

PMID- 153323
TI  - On the peripheral location of the Y chromosome.
AB  - The location of the Y chromosome in metaphase spreads is studied in groups of (a)
      96 normal males, (b) 17 Down's syndrome patients, and (c) 51 patients with
      Klinefelter's syndrome. The position of the Y is scored as either peripheral or
      nonperipheral using several of the traditional definitions found in the
      literature. It is shown that contradictory results may be obtained depending on
      the particular definition employed and that none of the available definitions
      capture the essence of the meaning of 'peripheral'. Therefore a new, standardized
      definition is introduced-one that applies to both circular and noncircular
      spreads. Using this new definition, we find definite intergroup variability. The
      Y is peripheral in normal males, but not in either the Down's or Klinefelter's
      samples.

PMID- 153324
TI  - Rapid identification of chromosomes carrying silver-stained nucleolus-organizing
      regions: application to case of 21/21 Robertsonian translocation.
AB  - The use of a combination of transmitted light and epiluminescence after silver
      and fluorescent staining of chromosome preparations makes it possible to achieve
      simultaneous visualization of silver-stained NORs and flourescent chromosomes.
      This technique permits exact localization of silver precipitates on normal and
      BrdU-substituted chromosomes. After previous silver impregnation, fluorescent
      staining by actinomycin-daunomycin-DAPI was used to induce a banding pattern that
      enables identification of specific chromosomes while observing silver-stained
      NORs at the same time. Application of this method to a Down's syndrome patient
      revealed a 21/21 Robertsonian translocation with NOR'S eliminated.

PMID- 153325
TI  - Inversions and other unusual heteromorphisms detected by C-banding.
AB  - Sixteen patients with unusual heteromorphisms involving alterations of the length
      and/or position of centromeric heterochromatin are described. Family studies
      showed that the heteromorphisms were present in other relatives and segregated in
      the expected 1:1 ratio. There was a significantly greater frequency of unusual
      heteromorphisms among Orientals than in other races studied.

PMID- 153326
TI  - Glucose tolerance in blood and skin of patients with acne vulgaris.

PMID- 153327
TI  - Nondisjunction, consanguinity and parental ages.

PMID- 153328
TI  - Guinea-worm infection in Banaskantha District of Gujarat--some important
      epidemiological aspects.

PMID- 153329
TI  - Otomycosis.

PMID- 153331
TI  - [Dermatology of infants].

PMID- 153330
TI  - Neonatal surgical emergencies: (2)--emergencies without respiratory
      embarrassment.

PMID- 153332
TI  - Lung lysophospholipase activity in specific-pathogen-free rats infected with
      Pasteurella pneumotropica or Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AB  - The effects of Pasteurella pneumotropica and Mycoplasma pulmonis infections in
      specific-pathogen-free rats were studied to determine whether or not bacterial
      infections could cause an increase in rat lung lysophospholipase activity and/or
      changes in bone marrow eosinophil levels. Lung lysophospholipase activity levels
      of M. pulmonis-infected rats were elevated with increasing infection dosages, but
      enzyme levels were not accompanied by a lung tissue eosinophilia or an increase
      in bone marrow eosinophils. Rats infected with P. pneumotropica showed neither an
      increased lung lysophospholipase activity level nor an increased tissue or bone
      marrow eosinophilia.

PMID- 153333
TI  - Complement activation in acne vulgaris: in vitro studies with Propionibacterium
      acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum.
AB  - To better define the role of bacteria in inflammatory acne vulgaris, we have
      investigated the ability of four strains of Propionibacterium acnes and three
      strains of Propionibacterium granulosum to activate complement. Complement
      activation was assayed by incubating normal human serum with varying
      concentrations of each strain and measuring residual total hemolytic complement
      activity. When serum was tested unaltered, P. acnes strains were approximately
      threefold more potent than an equal weight of P. granulosum in consuming
      complement, which could reflect classical and/or alternative pathway activation.
      All strains also consumed complement in serum chelated with ethyleneglycol-bis
      (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, which selectively assays
      alternative pathway activation. Incubation of unaltered serum with both P. acnes
      and P. granulosum resulted in immunoelectrophoretic conversion of C4, C3, and
      factor B of the alternative pathway. Incubation of chelated serum resulted in
      conversion of C3 and factor B. These data taken together suggest that both
      species can activate complement through either pathway. Serum incubated with P.
      acnes was chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and this chemotactic
      activity was largely C5 dependent as shown by antibody inhibition. It is
      suggested that complement activation may occur in vivo in acne, and the
      inflammatory response may be contributed to by the generation of C5-dependent
      chemotactic factors.

PMID- 153334
TI  - Mucopolysaccharide material resulting from the interaction of Treponema pallidum
      (Nichols strain) with cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - During incubation of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) with cultured mammlian
      cells derived from normal rabbit testes (NRT), an amorphous material accumulated
      at the surface of the cultured cells. This material was randomly distributed on
      all tissue cells within the culture chambers. The amount of amorphous material
      was dependent on the treponemal inocula. With 3 x 10(8) organisms per ml, this
      material was readily apparent within 2 days; with 4 x 10(7) organisms per ml,
      this material was detectable within 4 to 5 days; with lower inocula, the
      accumulation of amorphous material was far less apparent. Deposition of this
      surface-associated material required attachment of treponemes to the cultured
      cells, and the amount deposited was related to the number of treponemes attached
      per cell. This amorphous material was not detected when NRT cells were incubated
      with preparations of T. pallidum that were heat or air inactivated. In addition,
      the accumulaton of amorphous material was not due to a soluble component from
      host testicular tissue or to a soluble component developing during treponemal
      infection. This was demonstrated by the inability of membrane filtered
      preparations of T. pallidum to induce the deposition of amorphous material at the
      surface of the cultured cells. The nature of this material appeared to be acidic
      mucopolysaccharide as indicated by its metachromatic staining properties, its
      stainability with ruthenium red, and its partial degradation by bovine and
      streptomyces hyaluronidase. This amorphous material that accumulated in vitro at
      the surface of cultured cells may be similar to the mucoid material that
      accumulates in vivo during syphilitic infection.

PMID- 153336
TI  - Erythromycins: identification, mechanisms of action and usage in dermatology.

PMID- 153335
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation test in leprosy: decreased lymphocyte reactivity to
      Mycobacterium leprae in lepromatous leprosy, with no evidence for a generalized
      impairment.
AB  - Untreated leprosy patients were examined with respect to lymphocyte
      transformation in vitro after stimulation with mycobacterial and other microbial
      antigens, allogeneic lymphocytes, or nonspecific mitogens. Methods were used to
      circumvent technical variability. The results were compared with those obtained
      in controls matched for age, sex, race, and environment. No evidence was found
      for a generalized impairment of lymphocyte transformation in vitro, whereas a
      specific defect towards Mycobacterium leprae was demonstrable in lepromatous
      leprosy patients. The response to M. leprae, investigated in untreated and
      treated leprosy patients, decreased along the leprosy spectrum. Moreover, the
      results of the one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures showed that lymphocytes from
      leprosy patients had a normal stimulator and responder capacity, when they were
      tested against a panel of allogeneic lymphocytes. The influence of serum factors
      was investigated in untreated leprosy patients in the mixed lymphocyte culture.
      On average, tuberculoid as well as lepromatous sera showed a low-level depressive
      effect, but some sera showed a stimulatory effect. Therefore, a depressive effect
      of serum factors cannot be considered to be a general feature of leprosy. The
      correlation between the Mitsuda type of lepromin skin test and the lymphocyte
      reactivity in vitro to M. leprae was studied, and a positive correlation was
      found.

PMID- 153337
TI  - Acne angst.

PMID- 153339
TI  - Provision of aids and equipment for the elderly and disabled in the community.

PMID- 153338
TI  - Indications for dilatation and curettage: new trends.

PMID- 153340
TI  - Cytochemical observations of coelomocytes from the earthworm, Lumbricus
      terrestris.
AB  - Coelomocytes of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, were stained by cytochemical
      techniques to determine the biochemical composition of the seven different cell
      types and subtypes. The enzymes acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase are
      present in all types of coelomocytes, but are especially abundant in basophils
      and neutrophils; the differences in enzyme amounts correlate well with the
      differences in phagocytic activity of the various cell types. No peroxidase is
      present. The cytoplasmic basophilia of basophils is due primarily to ribonucleic
      acid. Basophils also contain large deposits of glycogen, with neutrophils and
      chloragogen cells containing somewhat lesser amounts. The predominant granules of
      the two types of acidophils and of granulocytes are composed of a basic protein
      and a neutral mucopolysaccharide or glycoprotein. A second granule population,
      present in low numbers in acidophils and granulocytes, but in larger numbers in
      basophils and neutrophils, is small in size and lipid-positive and may, in part,
      represent lysosomes. Lipid is especially abundant in the vesicles and granules of
      the two types of chloragogen cells. Some granules of chloragogen cells also
      contain ferrous and ferric iron and a substance with pseudoperoxidase activity.
      The cytoplasm contains protein, glycogen, and a neutral mucopolysaccharide. In
      addition, acid mucopolysaccharides are variably present in the cytoplasm of
      chloragogen cells, the only coelomocytes to contain this class of substances.

PMID- 153341
TI  - Light and electron microscopic investigation of ATPase activity in musculature
      during anuran tail resorption.
AB  - The histochemical activity of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was studied at
      light and electron microscopic levels in larval tail musculature of Rana
      catesbeiana and Rana ornativentris during late metamorphic stages. The presence
      of low, moderate or dark reaction of K2-EDTA-preincubated Ca++-ATPase was
      correlated with the variable degree of degeneration of white fibres even at the
      late stage of tail resorption. The reasons for an increase in this ATPase
      activity in degenerating white muscle fibres are discussed. Irrespective of the
      degree of degeneration, all red fibres showed high ATPase reaction. During
      myocytolysis, it is shown that the SR vesicles accumulate electron dense
      amorphous material. The degree of myofibrillar disintegration correlated with
      decrease in ultrastructural reaction product for Mg++-ATPase. Although grouped
      atrophy of muscle fibres (as seen in Xenopus laevis, den Hartog Jager et al.,
      1973, 1975) was absent in musculature of resorptive tails, ultrastructural
      characteristics including proliferation of SR and dilation of its vesicles
      represent alteration of the normal neural influence on the skeletal muscle
      fibres.

PMID- 153342
TI  - Subgrouping of fast twitch fibres in skeletal muscles of man. A critical
      appraisal.

PMID- 153343
TI  - Flow dependence of gas distribution and the pattern of inspiratory muscle
      contraction.
AB  - We measured regional distribution of xenon-133 boli at 0.25, 0.75, and 1.5 l/s in
      four normal seated subjects during inspirations performed predominantly with
      intercostal and accessory muscles (IC) or with the diaphragm, accompanied by
      outward abdominal motion (Ab). In six additional subjects we inferred the
      topographical distribution of helium boli during similar breaths and flow rates
      from the slope of the alveolar plateau recorded during a slow expiration (less
      than 0.5 l/s). Distribution of the helium boli was studied during natural as well
      as IC and Ab inspirations. At each of the flow rates IC breaths distributed
      relatively more of the inspired bolus to upper lung regions than did Ab
      inspirations. Natural breaths at 0.25 l/s resulted in distributions similar to
      those of Ab inspirations, whereas at 1.5 l/s the distribution approached that of
      IC inspirations. A three-compartment model, representing upper, middle, and lower
      lung regions, was used to simulate bolus distribution. The experimental data
      showed substantial departure from predictions based on regional time constants
      alone. However, additional small differences in applied pressure (less than 0.50
      cmH2O) between the regions satisfactorily accounted for the gas distribution.

PMID- 153344
TI  - Studies of the chemo-mechanical conversion in artificially produced streamings.
      II. An order--disorder phase transition in the chemo-mechanical conversion.

PMID- 153345
TI  - Studies of the chemo-mechanical conversion in artificially produced streamings.
      III. Dynamic cooperativity--a new cooperativity in actomyosin systems with a
      polarized arrangement of F-actin.
AB  - The order--disorder phase transition in the chemo-mechanical process in our
      streaming system, which was reported in the preceding paper [Yano, M. & Shimizu,
      H., J. Biochem, 84, 1087--1092], was studied in detail. Starting from the
      hypothesis that a new type of cooperativity, dynamic cooperativity, is present in
      the elementary cycles of the chemo-mechanical conversion, quantitative and
      consistent agreement was obtained between the theoretical and experimental data
      on the temperature dependences of the streaming velocity and the ATPase activity,
      including the presence of the phase transition. The hypothesis was also supported
      by observations of the temperature dependence of the ATPase activity in resisted
      streaming. The physical and physiological significance of dynamic cooperativity
      is considered. It is shown that dynamic cooperativity arises in actomyosin system
      which have a polarized arrangement of F-actin by directed streaming of the
      solution, because the rate of the elementary cycle can be accelerated by the
      streaming. Furthermore, dynamic cooperativity is the key mechanism of self
      organization of a dynamical order such that in ordered motions, and is one of the
      essential conditions for the direct conversion of the chemical energy of ATP to
      the mechanical energy of ordered and directed motion.

PMID- 153346
TI  - Purification of modulator-deficient myosin light-chain kinase by modulator
      protein-Sepharose affinity chromatography.
AB  - Modulator-deficient myosin light-chain kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle was
      purified by modulator protein-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The purified
      protein showed a single band (MW 80,000) on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in
      sodium dodecyl sulfate, and it exists as a monomer in the native state as
      determined by gel filtration. The modulator-deficient myosin light-chain kinase
      (MW 80,000), modulator protein (MW 16,500) and Ca2+ were essential for the kinase
      activity. The half-maximal activity of the kinase in the presence of excess
      modulator protein with 10 mM MgCl2 was at pCa 5.1, where full activity of
      actomyosin-ATPase is observed in the presence of the troponin--tropomyosin
      system. Assuming a rapid equilibrium between myosin light-chain kinase and two
      substrates, ATP and g2 light-chain, Km values for ATP and g2 light chain were
      evaluated as 0.28 mM and 0.024 mM, respectively. Vm/e was 5.7 s-1.

PMID- 153347
TI  - Effects of adenylyl imidodiphosphate, a nonhydrolyzable adenosine triphosphate
      analog, on reactivated and rigor wave sea urchin sperm.
AB  - A nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), has been used
      to study the role of ATP binding in flagellar motility. Sea urchin sperm of
      Lytechinus pictus were demembranated, reactivated, and locked in "rigor waves" by
      a modification of the method of Gibbons and Gibbons (11). Rigor wave sperm
      relaxed within 2 min after addition of 4 micrometer ATP, and reactivated upon
      addition of 10-12 micrometer ATP. The beat frequency of the reactivated sperm
      varied with ATP concentration according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics ("Km" = 0.24
      mM; "Vmax" = 44 Hz) and was competitively inhibited by AMP-PNP (Ki" approximately
      to 8.1 mM). Rigor wave sperm were completely relaxed (straightened) within 2 min
      by AMP-PNP at concentrations of 2-4 mM. The possibilities that relaxation in AMP
      PNP was a result of ATP contamination, AMP-PNP hydrolysis, or lowering of the
      free Mg++ concentration were conclusively ruled out. The results suggest that
      dynein cross-bridge release is dependent upon ATP binding but not hydrolysis.

PMID- 153348
TI  - Reflex conditioning in a spinal man.
AB  - A man with a completely transected spinal cord and a spastic neurogenic bladder
      was conditioned to void upon the presentation of an external stimulus. A
      classical conditioning paradigm was employed in which strong abdominal shock
      (unconditioned stimulus) was paired with an initially neutral mild electrical
      stimulation of the thigh (conditioned stimulus; CS). After the pairing trials, a
      reliable conditioned response of urination was elicited by the CS alone. The
      conditioned response did not extinguish over time, and the procedure left the
      bladder with clinically safe residual amounts of urine. Practical implications of
      the conditioning technique for the treatment of spastic neurogenic bladder
      conditions in spinally injured patients are discussed, as is the theoretical
      significance of conditioning at the reflex level in the absence of cortical
      involvement.

PMID- 153349
TI  - Internal-external expectancies and health-related behaviors.

PMID- 153350
TI  - Roots . . . . and harvest: dental education and the American Fund for Dental
      Health.

PMID- 153351
TI  - Huntington's disease: current concepts of therapy.
AB  - Huntington's disease (Huntington's chorea), a degenerative disorder of the
      central nervous system, is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Since
      there is no cure for this genetic disorder, therapy has been focused on
      pharmacologic manipulation of the involved neurotransmitter systems. In
      Huntington's disease, there is a functional predominance of striatal dopaminergic
      activity over antagonist cholinergic and possibly GABA-minergic systems. Many
      dopaminergic antagonists and cholinergic and GABA-minergic agonists are currently
      used in treatment. Supportive psychiatric care for affected persons and their
      families is an important therapeutic adjunct in the management of Huntington's
      disease. The eventual therapy will depend upon accurate identification of the
      primary genetic defect.

PMID- 153352
TI  - [Syndicalism and ophthalmology].

PMID- 153353
TI  - [Rabbit experimental glaucoma--preliminary study (author's transl)].
AB  - Induced high intraocular pressure, lasting more than one hour, is described in
      the rabbit. We inject simultaneously inside aqueous humor Epsilon Amino Caproic
      Acid 5 mg and Thrombin 20 U.S.N.I.H. units. To avoid leakage of aqueous humor we
      make the injection though a nou-perforating corneal preplaced loep and sight the
      suture to close the track when injection needle is taken out. We assume that high
      intraocular pressure is induced by 1% Adrenaline, 2% Pilocarpine and 1%
      Guanethidine solutions dropped in the eye each 5 mn, beginning 15 mn before
      anterior chamber injection and lasting during all the experiment. We point out
      this fact as a proof of the suitability of this method.

PMID- 153355
TI  - [Utility of soft hydrogel contact lenses in case of epithelial defects after
      corneal grafts (19) (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors relate the utility of soft hydrogel contact lenses in 19 cases of
      epithelial defects after penetrating corneal grafts, 8 of them being primitive
      and 11 secondary. Out of the 19 cases fitted with lenses, 10 have required a new
      keratoplasty. An attempt is made to define the indications, the advantages and
      the drawbacks of this therapy in observing the action of the lens on the
      epithelium, the stroma, the visual acuity as well as the possible problems due to
      the wearing of the lenses in the whole of the 19 cases. They try to understand
      the reasons for a new graft and they study the non-regrafted cases. They evidence
      the benefits of the wear of soft hydrogel lenses but the limits of their uses
      too.

PMID- 153354
TI  - [Thin soft hydrogel lenses of high and low water (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors relate the results obtained with very thin soft hydrogel lenses (0,10
      mm thickness) of high and low water content: the Vergo-Softcon THX of 70% water
      content and the Bauch and Lomb Plano-T of 38%. The most frequent indications
      encountered are bullous keratopathy, epithelial defects and keratitis sicca. The
      results are positive in 78,2% of cases with 70% w/c soft hydrogel lenses. Results
      are given for cases of direct fitting of thin lenses, as well as for cases of
      fitting after failures of classic soft hydrogel lenses and in cases of exchanges
      of 40% lenses for 70% lenses. The 70% water content lenses seem to give better
      results main in cases of epithelial defects and keratitis sicca.

PMID- 153357
TI  - [Astigmatism and corneal incision in cataract surgery. Statistical deductions
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Corneal incision in cataract surgery will produce a large degree of astigmatism
      greater than that produced in cataracts operated on by the classical methods. The
      position of the incision and the suture material (nylon) are responsible. The
      authors have attempted a statistical study of this difference, comparing modern
      and classical methods, referring for the latter to previous work.

PMID- 153356
TI  - [Prognosis of the retinal detachment in children (author's transl)].
AB  - Following features seem to characterize retinal detachments in children. High
      rate of difficult anatomical problems: invisible retinal breaks, macular or
      paramacular breaks, giant breaks or desinsertions (37% of our cases). High rate
      of severe traumatic macular lesions. Important delay in treatment with prolonged
      macular impairment. These facts explain the prognosis. Difficulties in the
      treatment of retinal breaks explain anatomical results (75% cure rate vs 78,6%
      for all the retinal detachments treated). In the same way they explain the high
      rate of multiple operations. Macular impairment and multiple operations explain
      visual results: 1/3 of the non amblyopic eyes recover a visual acuity comparable
      to the initial. So, the macular in children does not seem to have a special
      functional recuperation ability. Two supplementary facts may be mentioned. Delay
      in treatment has no adverse effect in anatomic prognosis. Non giant "simple"
      desinsertions expose to a noticeable risk of massive vitreous retraction.

PMID- 153358
TI  - [Prevention of malignant glaucoma: pars-plana vitrectomy? (author's transl)].
AB  - Prevention of malignant glaucoma: in first case report lens extraction and
      trabeculectomy was followed by a malignant glaucoma; in the second case report
      pars-plana vitrectomy and trabeculectomy was successful. The role of a vitreous
      posterior blockage is discussed.

PMID- 153360
TI  - [Graphite foreign body in the orbit].

PMID- 153359
TI  - [Types of occlusion in the treatment of convergent strabismus].
AB  - The different kinds of penalizations which are used in strabismus therapy-
      occlusion, atropine penalization, optic penalization, filters, partial occlusion
      of the glasses (sectors)--are being discussed with their advantages and
      disadvantages. Their indications and their results are reported according to the
      age of the child and the degree of the amblyopia.

PMID- 153361
TI  - [Retinal neovascularizations...].

PMID- 153362
TI  - [Sir Stewart Duke-Elder (1898--1978)].

PMID- 153363
TI  - Synchronous growth and aging of Caenorhabditis elegans in the presence of
      fluorodeoxyuridine.
AB  - Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, was examined for its
      ability to prevent a synchronous population of C. elegans from reproducing
      without otherwise interfering with the organism's post-maturational development
      and aging. When a synchronized population was exposed to 400 micrometer FUdR 
      just as the population reached sexual maturity, the FUdR induced complete
      sterility within five hours by preventing eggs from hatching. Any larvae that
      hatched from eggs made before the FUdR was added remained small in the presence
      of FUdR and were easily removed by filtration or sedimentation. FUdR-sterilized
      adults showed no morphological abnormalities. Age-associated changes seen in
      controls also occurred in FUdR-treated worms, including atrophy of the gonads,
      increased pigmentation, sluggishness and increased transparency. Life span was
      not shortened by FUdR treatment. Our observations suggest that treatment with
      FUdR under carefully controlled conditions is a reasonable way to maintain
      synchronously aging populations of C. elegans.

PMID- 153369
TI  - A weak human MLR locus mapping at the right of a crossing-over between HLA-D, Bf
      and GLO.
AB  - An unexpected MLR reaction has been observed between three HLA-identical sibs; it
      consists of bidirectional positive MLR between identical female twins and a
      sister. No argument for a lymphoid mosaic could be found, although twins were
      frequent in the family; similarly no HLA-A/B or HLA-B/D recombinant could be
      demonstrated. The MLR, although weak, was highly reproducible. PLTs could be
      raised between the sibs, without an apparent segregation in this family nor in
      five other families, but such PLTs discriminated well between the positive and
      negative controls. In the absence of any proof that such a weak MLR locus could
      be on another chromosome than chromosome 6, two lines of argument are indirect
      evidences that such a locus could be indeed on chromosome 6: one of the sibs
      differs from the two others for two markers outside HLA--D--DR--Bf: glyoxalate
      (GLO) and red blood group P.

PMID- 153370
TI  - [On micro-environment of active sites of myosin ATPase: studies with chromophoric
      and fluorescent ATP analogs (author's transl)].

PMID- 153371
TI  - [Past and present studies on urinary glycoconjugates. A short review (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 153372
TI  - The electrocardiogram in ambulatory medical practice.
AB  - The electrocardiogram is one of medicine's most frequently ordered procedures. A
      review of the current use of electrocardiograms in ambulatory clinical practice
      and the possible information that might be supplied by an electrocardiogram was
      undertaken. The electrocardiogram's advantages and disadvantages when used in
      evaluating specific cardiac disorders are discussed including the use of the
      electrocardiogram as a baseline. Both their values and their limitations in
      diagnosis and management are examined to support the authors' conclusion that
      electrocardiograms should be used as an adjunct to clinical diagnosis, not as a
      screening procedure.

PMID- 153373
TI  - [Postoperative esophageal stenosis (role of the laryngologist)].

PMID- 153374
TI  - [Apropos of a case of tracheobiliary fistula].

PMID- 153375
TI  - [2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx associated with a thyroid
      papillary epithelioma].

PMID- 153376
TI  - [Functional exploration of the Eustachian tube].

PMID- 153377
TI  - [Case of anterior cervical teratoma in an infant].

PMID- 153378
TI  - [Laryngeal neurinoma: apropos of isolated neoplasms of the ventricular band].

PMID- 153379
TI  - [Case of tumorous capillary hemangioma of the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 153380
TI  - [Case of diffuse of the nasopharynx papillomatosis].

PMID- 153381
TI  - [Nasopharyngeal fibroma].

PMID- 153382
TI  - Brain pyruvate kinase activity in PKU model systems.

PMID- 153383
TI  - Myotonia in centronuclear myopathy.
AB  - Centronuclear myopathy, which is unusual because of clinical myotonia, is
      described in two sisters. The diagnosis was established in adult life, but the
      first symptoms were noticed in infancy. The outstanding points of the clinical
      picture were mild amyotrophy, paresis, and clinical myotonia.

PMID- 153385
TI  - The early effects of ischemia upon skeletal muscle mitochondria.
AB  - The effects of early ischemia were studied in the anterior tibial muscle of
      Sprague-Dawley rats after 2--24 hr of tourniquet compression at the thigh. Ragged
      red fibers, moth-eaten fibers, cores and targets were seen in tissue examined by
      enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy. Giant mitochondria, abnormalities
      of cristal arrangement, crystalloids, osmiophilic inclusion bodies and myeloid
      figures were dominant features of the mitochondrial reaction. The results of this
      experiment indicate that early ischemia induces a variety of changes described in
      other neuromuscular conditions such as dystrophy and the "mitochondrial
      myopathies". The pathogenesis of these changes and their relationship to human
      disease of muscle is discussed.

PMID- 153384
TI  - 2-dimethylaminoethanol (Deanol) in Huntington's chorea.
AB  - A double-blind crossover trial with 2-dimethylaminoethanol (Deanol), a possible
      precursor of brain acetylcholine, was carried out in nine patients with
      Huntington's chorea. It was found to be ineffective in inducing any alteration in
      hyperkinesia.

PMID- 153386
TI  - Receptor potential and spike initiation in two varieties of snake muscle
      spindles.
AB  - 1. Receptor potentials, in response to ramp-and-hold stretch, have been recorded
      from two varieties of snake muscle spindles. 2. The two types of spindles have a
      similar sensitivity of impulse discharge to amplitude of receptor potential
      during the static phase of stretch. 3. Receptor potentials from short-capsule
      spindles show a high dynamic sensitivity to velocity of stretch. Amplitude of
      dynamic receptor potentials is well related to frequency of dynamic discharge
      except beyond a certain velocity of stretch where the frequency deviates
      progressively more than expected from linearity. 4. Receptor potentials from long
      capsule spindles show a low dynamic sensitivity to velocity of stretch and
      amplitude of dynamic receptor potentials is well correlated with dynamic firing
      frequency. 5. The threshold level of receptor potential for initiating spike
      discharge varies with the velocity of stretch, the relation being similar for the
      two types of spindles. 6. It is concluded that the basis for functional
      differentiation of snake spindles may lie in the mechanism by which deformation
      of sensory endings is transformed into receptor potential. 7. Late adaptation of
      impulse discharge, a characteristic feature of the response of the short-capsule
      spindle to maintained stretch, has been related to length changes of the sensory
      region measured directly with Nomarski optics. The linear relation found between
      the slow adaptive fall of impulse discharge and the simultaneous shortening of
      the sensory region strongly suggests a mechanical basis for the late adaptation.

PMID- 153387
TI  - Potential hearing compensation cost by race and sex.
AB  - A large general industrial population (n = 10,000) is analyzed using different
      low fences (15 bB HTL to 35 dB HTL) with the high fence held constant at 93 dB
      HTL. Three different audiometric test frequency combinations are considered:
      HTL.5,1,2 kHz, HTL.5,1,2,3 kHz and HTL1,2,3 kHz. The data base is analyzed first
      as a total population and then divided into different subpopulations including
      male, female, black and whites; and further subdivided into black males, black
      females, white males and white females. The findings indicate that significant
      differences exist between the groupings with respect to the potential hearing
      compensation cost and percent of a population exceeding the different low fence
      frequency combinations.

PMID- 153388
TI  - Citation records of papers published in the Journal of Periodontology and the
      Journal of Periodontal Research.

PMID- 153389
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study of the destruction of human alveolar crest
      in periodontal disease.

PMID- 153390
TI  - Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. VI. Exocytosis of PMN
      lysosomes in response to gram-negative plaque bacteria.

PMID- 153391
TI  - Experimental cellular immune reactions in the gingiva of Beagle dogs.

PMID- 153392
TI  - Experimental bifurcation defects in dogs.

PMID- 153393
TI  - The effect of autogenous cancellous bone grafts on healing of experimental
      furcation defects in dogs.

PMID- 153394
TI  - The effect of topical citric acid application on the healing of experimental
      furcation defects in dogs.

PMID- 153395
TI  - The natural history of periodontal disease in man. Study design and baseline
      data.

PMID- 153396
TI  - The natural history of periodontal disease in man. Tooth mortality rates before
      40 years of age.

PMID- 153397
TI  - The action of joint and secondary muscle-spindle afferents on dynamic gamma
      motoneurones of the cat triceps surae muscle [proceedings].

PMID- 153398
TI  - The myofibril content of histochemically characterized rat muscle fibre types
      [proceedings].

PMID- 153399
TI  - Lithium ions can promote phosphorylation from ATP in pig kidney ATPase
      [proceedings].

PMID- 153400
TI  - Genetic factors in the determination of fetal size.

PMID- 153401
TI  - The number of monocytes in mice as a reflection of their condition and capacity
      to react to an inflammatory stimulus.

PMID- 153403
TI  - Assessment of standing aids for the physically handicapped.
AB  - The suitability of four commercially available standing aids was assessed for
      routine therapy of a group of severely handicapped patients in hospital care. The
      problems which arose were mainly technical and these are considered. From
      experience gained during the study the design requirements of an ideal aid for
      these patients are proposed.

PMID- 153402
TI  - Lymphocyte chalone.

PMID- 153404
TI  - Medicine and disability--a broader view.
AB  - This paper seeks to emphasise the social approach in the treatment of disability.
      It is important that disabled people should lead as near a normal life as
      possible with some financial security. Financial assistance for disabled people
      is left up to individual local authorities. The author points out the
      disadvantages of this system and draws attention to a voluntary organisation
      which fills a gap in existing services.

PMID- 153405
TI  - Reversal of the calcium pump in human red cells.
AB  - Human red cells containing low ATP and high Pi concentrations were suspended in
      media with and without 2 mM Ca2+, and the incorporation of (32P)Pi into ATP was
      measured. There was some incorporation whatever the medium, but in every
      experiment there was an extra incorporation when the cells were in the Ca2+
      containing medium. This extra incorporation was abolished by the ionophore
      A23187, which collapses the Ca2+ concentration gradient across the membranes, or
      by LaCl3, which blocks the Ca2+ pump. Starved and phosphate-loaded cells also
      show an uptake of Ca2+ which is not apparent in fresh cells. Results are
      consistent with the idea that Ca2+-dependent incorporation of Pi into ATP is
      catalyzed by the Ca2+ pump using energy derived from the Ca2+ concentration
      gradient.

PMID- 153406
TI  - Mutagenicity and mutagenic specificity of metronidazole and niridazole in
      Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Mutagenicity and mutagenic specificity of niridazole and metronidazole, two
      chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of human parasitic diseases, were
      studied with the ad-3 test system of Neurospora crassa. The results show that
      neither compound is mutagenic in resting conidia. In growing vegetative cells,
      however, both compounds are mutagenic in N. crassa. Genetic analysis of the
      mutants indicated that niridazole induces predominantly base-pair substitution
      mutations. None of the niridazole-induced mutants resulted from multilocus
      deletions. The spectra of genetic alterations induced by metronidazole are
      similar to those induced by the mono-functional alkylating agents ethyleneimine
      (EI), ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), and ICR-177. It is therefore suggested that
      the mechanism of mutation induction by metronidazole in Neurospora is similar to
      that of monofunctional alkylating agents.

PMID- 153407
TI  - Demonstration of antibody activity to clioquinol in sera of experimental rabbits
      and patients with subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy.
AB  - Antibody to clioquinol(5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline:CIHQ) was detected by
      passive hemagglutinating reaction in rabbits receiving a prolonged administration
      of Emaform which was once a commercial preparation of CIHQ. The antibody was
      shown to be in the immunoglobulin fractions by separation with a specific
      immunoadsorbent, and it had relatively broad antigenic specificity. The antibody
      was also demonstrated in sera from patients who suffered from Subacute Myelo
      Optico-Neuropathy (SMON) and from normal healthy individuals. However, its titer
      and frequency of positive reactors in the former were higher than those in the
      latter, and the two groups could be differentiated each other in frequency
      distribution patterns of the antibody proprietors. From these results, we
      discussed on desirable application of sero-epidemiological study to assessment of
      effects of chemical pollutants on living systems.

PMID- 153408
TI  - The role of trauma in low back pain: a review.
AB  - Trauma plays an important role in the production of low back pain. This review
      emphasizes how the forces to which the spine is subjected are modified by many
      factors. Attention is directed to the role of mechanical stress in the etiology
      of spondylolisthesis, subtle spinal fractures, as well as the relevance of stress
      to the degenerative process. It is suggested that trauma plays a very major role
      in low back pain but, at present, the problems in diagnostic technology create
      difficulty in establishing the precise degree of that role. The drawbacks of over
      reliance on plane radiography are emphasized. It is suggested that improved
      diagnostic techniques may result in more accurate treatment and perhaps less
      disability resultant from the ubiquitous problem of low back pain.

PMID- 153409
TI  - Production and expression of dTMP-enriched DNA of bacteriophage SP15.
AB  - Normal DNA of Bacillus subtilis phage SP15 contains approximately equimolar
      quantities of dTMP and a hypermodified nucleotide, 5-dihydroxypentyl-dUMP
      (DHPdUMP). Deoxythymidine (dThd) rescue of phage DNA synthesis in 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR)-inhibited cultures resulted in the synthesis of SP15
      DNA containing enhanced levels of dTMP and correspondingly reduced levels of
      DHPdUMP. This rescued system was used to probe possible roles of DHPdUMP in phage
      development. The results suggested that normal levels of DHPdUMP were not
      required for proper transcription of phage DNA, but normal amounts of DHPdUMP
      were indispensable for phage assembly and/or DNA maturation. The amount of
      exogenous dThd required to rescue phage DNA synthesis in FUdR-inhibited cultures
      was 20-fold higher than the concentration required to rescue cellular
      replication, whereas the same low concentrations of dThd sufficed to rescue viral
      and bacterial DNA syntheses in aminopterin-inhibited cultures. Normal SP15 DNA
      was made in rescued, aminopterin-inhibited cultures. We suggest that FUdR (but
      not aminopterin) partially suppresses biosynthesis of the hypermodified
      nucleotide and that there is a barrier to replacement of DHPdUMP by dTMP;
      therefore, exceptionally large amounts of dThd must be salvaged in FUdR-inhibited
      cultures to force replacement of the unusual nucleotide by dTMP.

PMID- 153410
TI  - Use of vascular prosthesis in the anastomosis of allograft renal artery.
AB  - A case is reported in which a cadaveric renal allograft was placed successfully
      in a patient with a bilateral aortofemoral prosthesis for extensive vascular
      disease. Convalescence was uneventful and the subsequent clinical course seems to
      justify fully this operative approach.

PMID- 153411
TI  - Immunological assays as measurements of nutritional status: a review.

PMID- 153412
TI  - Chromosomal aberrations and congenital heart diseases.
AB  - The incidence of chromosomal aberration with CHD is 10.5% in the autopsy cases.
      2. The characteristic major cardiac malformations associated with chromosomal
      aberration are conal abnormality, abnormal septation and cardiac valve
      abnormalities. 3. The characteristic association of chromosomal aberration and
      CHD is CAVO in Down syndrome, triple shunts and multivalvular disease in 18
      trisomy, shunts in delition syndrome and coarctation of the aorta in Turner
      syndrome. 4. Minor cardiac anomalies associated with chromosomal aberration are
      valve dysplasia such as bicuspid semilunar cusps, parachute A-V valve, thickning,
      deformity and insufficient differentiation of valve and of chordae tendinae and
      hypoplastic or immature papillary muscles. 5. Primary target in cardiovascular
      involvement by chromosomal aberration might be a cement property of the
      connective tissue which is expected to conseal the foramens and shunts and to
      develop valve structures in embryonic heart.

PMID- 153413
TI  - Ultrastructural aspect of left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats: a qualitative and quantitative study.

PMID- 153414
TI  - The effects of induced high cholesterol state upon normal and hypertrophied
      rabbit heart.

PMID- 153415
TI  - Transcutaneous observations of the internal jugular venous flow in atrial septal
      defect by ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter.

PMID- 153416
TI  - [The effects of 50% hypotension induced by ATP, sodium nitroprusside and
      trimethaphan on canine cerebral blood flow and metabolism (author's transl)].

PMID- 153417
TI  - [Hypotensive anesthesia using ATP (author's transl)].

PMID- 153418
TI  - Ultrastructural and stereologic observations on hypertrophied myocardium in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.

PMID- 153419
TI  - [Tissue fibrinolytic activity in DNCB contact dermatitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 153420
TI  - [A case of congenital arteriovenous fistula of the internal mammary artery on the
      anterior thoracic and abdominal wall (author's transl)].

PMID- 153421
TI  - [High molecular weight substances which inhibit calcium oxalate crystal growth.
      4: Studies on the role of urinary pepsinogen and mucopolysaccharide as inhibitors
      of calcium oxalate crystal growth (author's transl)].

PMID- 153422
TI  - [Morphometric aspects of studying the compensated and decompensated hypertrophied
      heart in hypertension].

PMID- 153423
TI  - [Neuronal and extraneuronal noradrenaline uptake and the state of the
      adrenoreactive structures of the isolated rat heart with compensatory myocardial
      hypertrophy].
AB  - It was demonstrated on an isolated heart preparation that the intensity of
      neuronal noradrenaline uptake by a hypertrophied heart diminishes as compared to
      that by a control in 6 and 30 days after constriction of the abdominal aorta and
      that extraneuronal uptake tends to intensify in 6 days and decreases
      significantly in 30 days. These changes, together with the reduced
      adrenoreactivity of a hypertrophied heart in vitro may in 30 days contribute to
      weakening of the adrenergic control of the heart in its compensatory hypertrophy
      and hyperfunction under conditions of chronic overloading by pressure.

PMID- 153424
TI  - [Case of late manifestations of ductus omphaloentericus persistens complicated by
      an abscess of the anterior abdominal wall].

PMID- 153425
TI  - [Laparoschisis].

PMID- 153426
TI  - [Material for surgical sutures].

PMID- 153427
TI  - [Herpetiform bilateral epithelial corneal dystrophy caused by Tyrosinemia
      (Richner-Hanhart-Syndrome) (author's transl)].
AB  - Nutritional Tyrosinemia in animal experiments (Schweizer, Burns a. o.) caused an
      epithelial corneal dystrophy. The corresponding clinical picture is the Richner
      Hanhart-Syndrome with herpetiform epithelial corneal dystrophy, palmo-plantar
      keratosis and -- in some case -- a later developing oligophrenia. Goldsmith and
      coworkers suceeded to find out that all these symptoms are combined with
      tyrosinemia presumably caused ty one congenital enzyme defect. -- Personal
      clinical observations of such patients demonstrate that as well the corneal as
      the dermatological symptoms could be cured by diet, if the diagnosis is made in
      childhood. Corneal symptoms are still absent with a tyrosinemia as high as 10
      mg%. Dietetic formula was found out to maintain this level, which is low enough
      to avoid the symptoms of Richner-Hanhart-Syndrome and certainly high enough to
      avoid symptoms of nutritional deficiency. One might expect that oligophrenia will
      not develop if this diet is used consequently. -- Since the first corneal
      symptoms develop already during the first years of life the ophthalmologist ought
      to know this etiology. The levels of tyrosinemia are so exorbitant (30--50  mg%)
      that the laboratory diagnosis is possible without any difficulty. If the
      diagnosis is only made in adult patients dietetic therapy is of limited value.

PMID- 153428
TI  - [Immune defect syndrome in Crohn's disease (author's transl)].
AB  - In 20 patients suffering for several years from serious chronic relapsing Crohn's
      disease the following immunological tests were carried out: (1) in-vitro
      stimulation of blood lymphocytes by PHA-P, (2) identification of T and B cells by
      formation of spontaneous rosettes and complement receptor rosettes, (3) effect of
      Crohn's serum on mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) of normal allogeneic
      lymphocytes, (4) in-vitro phagocytosis and intracellular killing of E. coli by
      polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The results indicate an immune defect of
      lymphocyte function and the effect of humoral factor(s) on T cell mediated immune
      reactions: (1) Lymphocyte stimulation by PHA-P was reduced significantly in
      Crohn's disease. In PHA-P dose response, maximal stimulation has shown a decrease
      and a shift to higher doses. (2) An increase in the absolute number of B cells
      caused a decrease in the mean percentage of T cells. The absolute number of T
      cells did not differ significantly from those of the controls. (3) Crohn's serum
      has shown an inhibitory effect in MLR of normal lymphocytes. (4) No impairment of
      phagocytosis or intracellular killing by polymorphonuclear granulocytes has been
      observed. The results suggest a symptomatic immune defect syndrome in a wasting
      disease. There is no evidence of a primary immune defect in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 153430
TI  - A rationale for the development of gnotobiotics.

PMID- 153429
TI  - Colonization resistance of the digestive tract and gastrointestinal transit time
      in SPF mice.
AB  - The gastro-intestinal colonization resistance to Escherichia coli was assessed in
      individual CBA/Rij, C3H/StZ and Swiss/Cpb:SE mice. Gastro-intestinal transit time
      was determined by feeding small steel balls and x-ray examination of sequentially
      collected faeces. No correlation was found between transit times measured on 3
      subsequent days, nor between them and colonization resistance.

PMID- 153431
TI  - Dactinomycin treatment of murine lupus erythematosus. I. Renal disease and
      longevity.
AB  - Three groups of female (NZB X NZW)F1 hybrid mice were treated with an
      intermittent regimen of dactinomycin (actinomycin D), 3.5 microgram. daily.
      Median survival was doubled in two of the groups and increased by more than 75
      per cent in the third. Most of the treated animals never had significant
      proteinuria. When kidneys from 14 treated mice, which died between the ages of 11
      and 20 months, were examined by light and fluorescence microscopy, most showed
      the lesions of normal aged CBA and C57BL/6 mice, some expansion of the mesangial
      matrix and increased cellularity, consistent with deposition of immunoglobulins
      and complement components in the mesangium, generally sparing the capillary
      loops. Four of the 14 animals, three of them long-lived, had advanced renal
      glomerular disease. These data indicate that dactinomycin, by whatever
      therapeutic mechanism, permits very extended survival of B/W female mice, the
      large majority of them without significant renal disease.

PMID- 153432
TI  - Ultrastructure of the fibrous subaortic "ring" in dogs with discrete subaortic
      stenosis.
AB  - The subaortic fibrous "ring" in Newfoundland dogs with discrete subaortic
      stenosis is characterized by the presence of large, uni- and multinucleated,
      rounded connective tissue cells that resemble chondrocytes in several respects.
      Connective tissue adjacent to these cells is rich in acid mucopolysaccharides,
      small but cross-banded collagen fibrils, and small, poorly developed elastic
      fibers. The chondrocyte-like cells contain numerous cisternae of rough surfaced
      endoplasmic reticulum and prominent Golgi complexes, and they are surrounded by
      thick, concentrically arranged layers of basement membrane-like material. The
      differentiation of cellular and extracellular components of connective tissue in
      subaortic fibrous rings clearly differs in humans and in dogs with discrete
      subaortic stenosis.

PMID- 153433
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the development of nephritis in mice treated with
      interferon in the neonatal period.

PMID- 153434
TI  - Nursing is the name of the game.

PMID- 153435
TI  - Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) with young Down's syndrome children.
AB  - Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) was investigated with 41 Down's syndrome
      subjects between the ages of six months and six years. The VRA procedure involved
      monitoring a head-turn response to a complex noise signal presented in a sound
      field with an ascending presentation paradigm and reinforced by a complex visual
      reinforcer. Twenty-four of the infants and young children also were evaluated
      with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) to allow for analysis of the
      efficacy of VRA as a function of developmental age. Results were as follows: (1)
      28 (68%) of the infants and young children initially oriented towards the source
      of the auditory stimulus, (2) only a few of the subjects who did not initially
      orient could be taught to respond, (3) of the children who initially oriented or
      were taught to respond, thresholds were obtained on a large number (81%) in one
      visit, and (4) a systematic relationship was demonstrated between consistency of
      subject response using the VRA technique and BSID Mental Age Equivalent with 10
      months being the critical age for determining the potential success of the
      procedure. In addition, the results implied a higher incidence of hearing loss in
      the Down's syndrome subjects than found in normal pediatric population.

PMID- 153436
TI  - Purification and characteristics of hydrophobic membrane protein(s) required for
      DCCD sensitivity of ATPase in Mycobacterium phlei.
AB  - The energy-transducing N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive (DCCD-sensitive)
      ATPase complex consists of two parts, a soluble catalytic protein (F1), and an
      intrinsic membrane protein (F0). The bacterial coupling factor complex, BCF0
      BCF1, has recently been purified from Mycobacterium phlei, and used to
      reconstitute oxidative phosphorylation in detergent-extracted membranes. The BCF0
      moiety has been purified by being recovered from the purified BCF0-BCF1 complex
      by affinity chromatography. BCF0 is a lipoprotein or lipoprotein complex with an
      approximate molecular weight of 60,000. The preparation contained 0.15 mg of
      phospholipid per milligram protein. There appear to be three polypeptides, with
      approximate molecular weights of 24,000, 18,000, and 8,000 as determined by
      sodium dodecylsulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified BCF0 conferred
      DCCD sensitivity on a purified BCF1 preparation. Reconstitution of oxidative
      phosphorylation was achieved after incubation of detergent-extracted membranes
      with purified BCF0 and purified BCF1.

PMID- 153437
TI  - Erythrocyte troponin inhibitor-like protein: isolation and characterization.
AB  - A protein was isolated from a human erythrocyte lysate with an apparent molecular
      weight of 23,000--24,000 daltons. This protein was purified by batch DEAE
      cellulose followed by column DEAE cellulose chromatography and a gradient of
      NaCl. On sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide electrophoresis, the erythrocyte
      protein comigrated with muscle troponin inhibitor. An isoelectric precipitation
      (pH 9.25) was used for the separation of muscle troponin inhibitor from a complex
      with another troponin component. Both the erythrocyte protein and the muscle
      troponin inhibitor partially inhibited muscle myosin Ca2+ and K+-EDTA ATPase
      activity. Furthermore, they inhibited actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase of muscle
      myosin. The inhibitory effects were absent in the presence of muscle troponin
      calcium-binding component. Muscle troponin inhibitor and the erythrocyte troponin
      inhibitor-like protein bound to muscle myosin when myosin was precipitated twice
      at low ionic strength. The presence of a troponin inhibitor-like protein in
      erythrocytes suggests that it may be a component in the regulation of contractile
      activity.

PMID- 153438
TI  - An unusual mediastinal lipoma simulating cardiomegaly.
AB  - A patient with vague, nonspecific symptoms was initially thought to have an
      enlarged cardiac silhouette on chest roentgenogram, and a primary intracardiac
      disorder was suspected. At surgery, a mediastinal lipoma was diagnosed and
      excised. The roentgenographic appearance represents an unusual presentation of a
      mediastinal tumor.

PMID- 153439
TI  - Newer antibacterial and antimycotic drugs. Critical appraisal.

PMID- 153440
TI  - Patterns of correlations for various language measures in mother-child
      interactions for normal and Down's syndrome children.

PMID- 153441
TI  - [Round-table discussion: retroperitoneal injuries].

PMID- 153442
TI  - Coenzyme dependent suppression of 2,2-PDS induced contractures in Spirostomum.
AB  - Spirostomum ambiguum was stimulated to contract by addition of the thiol
      inhibitor, 2,2-dithiobispyridine (PDS), which depletes intracellular reducing
      equivalents which are generated by coenzyme dependents reactions. PDS induced
      contractures were not suppressed after 2--4 h of pre-incubation in a medium
      enriched with ascorbic acid, thiamine, or riboflavin, singly. Two h of incubation
      with nicotinamide did not suppress contractures; however, 50% suppression
      occurred after 3 h incubation. Incubation of the cells in a medium enriched with
      all four coenzymes for up to 4 h, resulted in the suppression of PDS induced
      contractures to a level as low as 30% of control values. Suppression of
      contractures by the mixed coenzymes was concentration dependent. Cells that were
      stimulated with PDS and contracting, exhibited a 50% suppression of contractures
      within 3 min after transfer to a complementary medium enriched with mixed
      coenzymes. These results suggest that coenzymes interact synergistically with
      cellular metabolic processes to inhibit pharmacodynamic responses to PDS.

PMID- 153443
TI  - [Activity of the microbiological processes in southern carbonate chernozem in
      relation to varying soil density].

PMID- 153444
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis in New South Wales: comparative view of the first 1000 cases
      of chromosomal, sex-linked, and metabolic referrals.
AB  - In 1000 cases referred for prenatal diagnosis, 28 affected fetuses were detected,
      and 24 therapeutic terminations of pregnancy were performed. There were five main
      reasons for referral. Among the 293 women referred because of advanced maternal
      age (40 years and above), there were 11 (3.8%) who had affected fetuses, while
      among the 439 aged 35 to 39 years there were 6 such women (1.4%). In the 112
      mothers referred because of a history of a previous child with Down's syndrome,
      one fetus (0.9%) with trisomy 21 was detected. Of 27 cases in which one parent
      was a carrier of a balanced chromosomal rearrangement, two chromosomally abnormal
      fetuses (7.4%) were detected (the offspring of maternal carriers), and a further
      two spontaneous abortions occurred before the scheduled amniocentesis. In the 22
      cases with a history of sex-linked disorder, there were 8 males. Nine women were
      referred with a possible inherited metabolic defect: one fetus affected with
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia was detected. The number of metabolic referrals
      was markedly less than in overseas studies. The finding of XXY, XXX and trisomies
      of chromosomes 13, 18, and 21 in fetuses of older mothers confirms the increased
      risk in such mothers for chromosome abnormalities in addition to trisomy 21.
      Sixty-two of the 1000 women (6.2%) had to have a repeat amniocentesis because of
      failure of culture. Of 900 births: one case of maternal cell contamination and
      one case of unconfirmed mosaicism were the only disparities between prenatal and
      postnatal karyotypes. The average time necessary to obtain the karyotypic result
      was 15 days after amniocentesis.

PMID- 153445
TI  - Huntington's disease: the establishment of a national register.
AB  - The historical background of Huntington's disease in Australia is briefly
      described, together with the development of professional and self-help groups. An
      existing Huntington's disease register in Victoria is described in detail. A case
      is made for the need for the establishment of an Australia-wide register of
      Huntington's disease. Certain ethical issues and safeguards necessary to such a
      register are discussed.

PMID- 153446
TI  - Stick to Voluntary Effort goals and fight HEW in Congress, leaders urge.

PMID- 153447
TI  - AFT spends heavily on organizing new members.

PMID- 153448
TI  - Wage controls may precipitate strikes.

PMID- 153449
TI  - Generic drug substitutes can save $20 million.

PMID- 153450
TI  - NY city-owned hospitals face severe budget cuts.

PMID- 153451
TI  - FTC, Justice warn of antitrust move.

PMID- 153452
TI  - Hospitals abandon traditional insurers.

PMID- 153453
TI  - NME predicts 38% cut in malpractice premium.

PMID- 153454
TI  - Coffee shop management gains favor.

PMID- 153455
TI  - Chain hospitals install minicomputers for routine data processing services.

PMID- 153456
TI  - Lutheran hospitals converts beds.

PMID- 153457
TI  - First impressions make a difference.

PMID- 153458
TI  - Hospital management companies see rapid growth in international market.

PMID- 153459
TI  - AMI quietly establishes multiple foreign footholds.

PMID- 153461
TI  - Diener philosophy charts AMI course.

PMID- 153460
TI  - AMI sees rapid growth on all fronts.

PMID- 153462
TI  - Put development officers in charge of marketing.

PMID- 153463
TI  - Managers seeking UR reimbursement.

PMID- 153464
TI  - Bond issue survives Florida court test.

PMID- 153465
TI  - Do second surgical opinion programs save?

PMID- 153466
TI  - Trouble for the VE.

PMID- 153467
TI  - Mechanics and energetics of biological transport.

PMID- 153468
TI  - Type VII glycogenosis (muscle and erythrocyte phosphofructokinase deficiency).

PMID- 153469
TI  - [Pathophysiology and therapy of skin diseases].

PMID- 153470
TI  - [Advances in topical therapy of skin diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - The anti-inflammatory effect of the new topical corticosteroid fluocortin butyl
      ester is approximately equal to that of hydrocortisone acetate but it has the
      advantage that systemic side-effects are lacking. Vitamin A acid and benzoyl
      peroxide have brought significant advances in the topical treatment of acne. For
      the treatment of chloasma and other hyperpigmentations the combination of vitamin
      A acid and hydroquinone with a corticoid is considerably more effective than any
      of the single components alone. Povidone-iodine with its extraordinarily low
      sensitization rate has proved useful for external antimicrobial treatment.
      Extensive or multiple precancerous lesions are effectively treated with 5
      fluorouracil. New hair growth can be induced in alopecia areata by the local
      application of DNCB.

PMID- 153471
TI  - Prenatal genetic diagnosis in 3000 amniocenteses.
AB  - We analyzed 3000 consecutive amniocenteses for prenatal diagnosis to assess the
      frequency of abnormalities, safety of the procedure, technical and interpretive
      difficulties and overall diagnostic accuracy. Chromosomal abnormalities were
      detected in 2.4 per cent of the 2404 pregnancies tested because of advanced
      maternal age (greater than or equal to 35 years), in 1.2 per cent of 240
      monitored because of prior trisomy 21 and in 9.1 per cent of 55 examined for
      other cytogenetic indications. Mosaicism was detected in 0.4 per cent, and
      unexpected translocations in 0.4 per cent. Amniotic fluid was obtained on the
      first attempt in 99.3 per cent of the last 1000 cases, and cultures established
      from 99.7 per cent of patients attending our clinic. The fluid was discolored in
      1.2 per cent of patients, a quarter of whom had missed abortions. The rate of
      spontaneous abortion after amniocentesis was 1.5 per cent. There were 14
      diagnostic errors, six serious enough to affect the outcome of pregnancy. The
      karyotyping error rate was 0.07 per cent. We conclude that prenatal diagnosis is
      safe, highly reliable and extremely accurate.

PMID- 153473
TI  - 13-Cis-retinoic acid in severe acne.

PMID- 153472
TI  - Prolonged remissions of cystic and conglobate acne with 13-cis-retinoic acid.
AB  - Fourteen patients with treatment-resistant cystic and conglobate acne were
      treated for four months with oral 13-cis-retinoic acid, a synthetic isomer of
      naturally occurring all-trans-retinoic acid. The average dose was 2.0 mg per
      kilogram per day. Thirteen patients experienced complete clearing of their
      disease; the other had 75 per cent improvement, as determined by the number of
      acne nodules and cysts present before and after therapy. Prolonged remissions,
      currently lasting as long as 20 months after discontinuation of therapy, have
      been observed in all 14 patients. Clinical toxicity was limited to the skin and
      mucous membranes in most patients and was dose dependent and rapidly reversible
      upon discontinuation of therapy. The mechanism of action of 13-cis-retinoic acid
      in the therapy of acne probably involves a direct inhibitory effect of the drug
      on the sebaceous gland.

PMID- 153474
TI  - Damn the dogma.

PMID- 153475
TI  - Is lymphocytic chalone activity restricted to a spermine-protein complex?

PMID- 153476
TI  - Effects of 6-aminonicotinamide on growth and acetylcholinesterase activity during
      differentiation of neuroblastoma cells in vitro.
AB  - Addition of 6-AN (0.01 mg/ml) to growing cultures of C-1300 neuroblastoma cells
      strongly reduced cell division. This growth inhibition was accompanied by a
      higher cell volume and a lower protein content per cell as compared to controls.
      Concurrently the specific activity of AChE increased markedly incontrols and 6-AN
      treated cultures. During the experimental periods the specific activity of AChE
      was significantly higher after 6-AN. Morphologically, 6-AN-treated cultures
      showed characteristic signs of differentiation, i.e. enlarged, flattened cells
      with long branched processes. The described effect of 6-AN on growth and
      differentiation of neuroblastoma cells was less pronounced if cells received the
      antimetabolite after a subcultivation period of 5 days.

PMID- 153477
TI  - Chronic hypertension induced by streptozotocin in rats.
AB  - An intravenous injection of 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin induced not only
      diabetes but also severe hypertension in rats. Whereas the hyperglycemia
      developed fully within a few days after the injection of streptozotocin, the
      hypertension progessively advanced and reached maximum level several weeks after
      the treatment and lasted more than 20 weeks. Twenty mg/kg streptozotocin did not
      induce hyperglycemia but significantly increased blood pressure several weeks
      after the treatment. Arrest of growth, polyuria, glycosuria, hyperlipemia and
      lenticular cataracts developed in the animals treated with 40 or 65 mg/kg
      streptozotocin, but in none of the animals treated with 20 mg/kg. In histological
      examinations in the 24th week after the treatment, degranulation and necrosis in
      the pancreatic beta-cells, and vacuolization and deposition of PAS-positive
      materials in the renal proximal tubules were found in the animals treated with 40
      or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin.

PMID- 153479
TI  - [Benign, hereditary, non-progressive chorea--an important differential diagnosis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 153478
TI  - Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on cerebral serotonin binding, serotonin
      concentration and motor activity in the rat.
AB  - The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on the specific binding of 3H
      serotonin (5-HT) was investigated in crude membrane preparations of the rat
      forebrain. The level of cerebral 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were
      concomitantly determined. A single dose of PCPA (300 mg/kg i.p.) increased
      specific binding at a low concentration of 3H-5-HT within 24 h by more than 100%.
      The time course of the elevation of specific binding was mirrored by the
      reduction in the 5-HT level. However, 8--10 days after drug administration,
      specific binding was close to the control level, while 5-HT was still
      significantly reduced. A Scatchard analysis revealed that the apparent affinity
      was significantly increased (KD reduced) during the initial period after PCPA
      administration, whereas the number of binding sites (BMax) was little changed. In
      contrast, after reported injections of PCPA (3 injections of 300 mg/kg at 6--8
      day intervals, or 100 mg/kg/day for up to 12 days) leading to a prolonged 5-HT
      depletion, BMax was significantly increased, while KD tended to be restored
      towards the baseline level. Daily injections of PCPA (100 mg/kg) for 12 days
      resulted in a transitory increase in day-time motor activity with a maximum on
      drug day 3, and in a persistent reduction of night-time activity. It is concluded
      that the initial PCPA-induced decrease in KD was due to a reduced competition for
      binding sites by the endogenous 5-HT, whereas the increase of BMax after a
      prolonged 5-HT depletion may reflect a 5-HT receptor supersensitivity.

PMID- 153480
TI  - [Enlarged operations for atypical lombo-sciatic pain from disk origin (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In certain forms of atypical sciatic pain the surgical treatment of the affection
      cannot be accomplished exclusively upon the disk. This study was done on 120
      patients operated upon during a two year period. The major technics used had an
      action upon the articular processes and facets with or without removal of the
      disk. In 60 cases a desensibilisation of the region was equally done. The
      principal reason of the surgical treatment remains still to permit the
      decompression of the sick root. In certain circumstances a more important
      surgical treatment is required: laminectomy is performed in cases of stenosis or
      in other cases an inter body fusion by posterior approach (60 patients). The term
      atypical lombo-sciatic pain is applied essentially when there exists discordancy
      in the clinical and neuroradiological examination. Surgical cure is applied when
      the medical treatment has failed. The best results have been obtained in atypical
      sciatic pain when facet rhizolysis has been associated with root decompression.
      However great care was taken to prevent the act from being destructive.

PMID- 153481
TI  - The influence of the nervous system upon adrenal gland weight and assayable
      pituitary MSH.
AB  - A series of experiments were designed to test the assumption that neuroregulatory
      mechanisms associated with pituitary ACTH and melanotropin (MSH) secretions are
      interdependent. Stress elevates both ACTH and MSH activity in mouse pituitaries.
      There are nervous influences on the secretion of both of these hormones. We have
      undertaken to stimulate or block various components of the nervous control of
      these 2 hormones in order to determine whether the 2 are controlled by the same
      mechanisms or separate ones. We have exposed mice to neurotransmitter blocking
      agents against serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrin--parachlorophenylalanine
      (PCPA), alpha-methyltyrosine (MT), propranolol--both with and without stress.
      Unilateral adrenalectomy with and without hydrocortisone replacement therapy were
      investigated. We found that none of the neuro-active substances altered stress
      elevation of ACTH and MSH. Unilaterally adrenalectomized stressed animals treated
      with hydrocortisone showed elevated pituitary MSH levels but non increased ACTH
      release, as measured by size of the remaining adrenal. Adrenalectomy of animals
      without replacement therapy showed both elevated pituitary MSH and increased ACTH
      activity. Since the ACTH and MSH activity behave independently in the last
      described experiments, we conclude that ACTH and MSH are independently
      controlled.

PMID- 153482
TI  - Excessive social and sexual interactions in rats: relation to changes in brain
      amines.

PMID- 153483
TI  - The distribution of Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles in masseter and
      temporalis muscles of the cat.

PMID- 153484
TI  - Long term treatment of Huntington disease with L-glutamate and pyridoxine.
AB  - Decreased levels of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its synthetic enzyme,
      glutamic acid decarboxylase, have been found in the brains of patients with
      Huntington disease. In an attempt to augment GABA-mediated neurotransmission,
      daily doses of 25 gm of L-glutamate (the substrate for glutamic acid
      decarboxylase) and 500 mg of pyridoxine, its cofactor, were given to five
      patients with Huntington disease. This regimen was continued for 2 years.
      Assessment of motor and behavioral function indicated no improvement on this
      regimen.

PMID- 153485
TI  - [Diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis in association with hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 153487
TI  - [Current role of pancreatic scintiscanning in the study of pancreatic
      symptomatology].
AB  - A brief reference is made to the part once assigned to scintiscanning as a method
      of approach to diseases of the pancreas. It is felt that the lack of confidence
      now displayed in this technique is based preconceptions. A new diagnostic
      approach is therefore proposed and briefly described. The advantages and
      disadvantages of the diagnostic techniques included in the proposed scheme are
      examined. The view is expressed that a fresh assessment should be made of nuclear
      pancreatography, since it is still a fundamental diagnostic tool.

PMID- 153486
TI  - [Proposed model for evaluation of toxicity in antineoplastic chemo
      hormonotherapy].
AB  - A detailed code for the evaluation of side-effects due to antiblastics in
      accordance with clinical, pharmacological and chronobiological parameters is
      described. Eight types of toxicity are recognised: systemic or local, cutaneous
      and adnexal, gastroenteric, haematochemical, cardiovascular, respiratory, genital
      and urinary, and nervous. Improvement of the objectivity and comparability of
      results in clinical oncology is proposed by means of a balanced points system for
      the expression of such effects, and methods for the summary expression of the
      toxicity of a single case or a uniform group of cases. The method of evaluation
      proposed also permits statistical comparison between different treatment
      protocols.

PMID- 153488
TI  - [Down's syndrome. Personal cases and considerations].

PMID- 153489
TI  - [Uses in vascular symptomatology of the ultrasonic flowmeter with Doppler effect
      in patients revascularized for peripheral obliterating arteritis].
AB  - The Authors present 38 cases of surgical revascularization for arteriosclerosis
      obliterans of the lower extremities, operated in Clinica Chirurgica of Ancona
      during the space of three Years, from 1974-1977. The morphological profile of the
      sphygmic wave and pressures of occlusion or Travis Winsor's index were studied
      pre and postoperatively with Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter. The patency of
      vascular grafts and after thromboendarterectomy was shown by T.W.'s index. With
      this method, besides establishing a program for postoperative arteriography, a
      lesser use of the latter was shown.

PMID- 153490
TI  - [Cesarean section under lumbar segmental peridural anesthesia. Utility of the
      hemodynamic, dynamic and mechanical changes induced by the latter].

PMID- 153491
TI  - Radiology rounds. Congestive heart failure and cardiomegaly.

PMID- 153492
TI  - Laparoscopy in the evaluation of gynecologic cancer.
AB  - Laparoscopy was used to evaluate 60 patients with a variety of known or suspected
      gynecologic neoplasms. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed on 18 patients to
      confirm benign or malignant pelvic masses or to confirm peritoneal
      carcinomatosis. Ten of these 18 patients (56%) were found to have unresectable
      carcinomatosis or benign disease which did not require further surgery. Staging
      laparoscopy was performed on 13 patients of which 3 had clinically unsuspected
      intraperitoneal spread of their disease. Surveillance laparoscopy was performed
      on 29 patients to determine the remission, regression, or progression of their
      disease following treatment; 8 (27%) had progressive or unresectable persistent
      disease. Despite the fact that the study comprised a high-risk group of
      previously operated on or irradiated patients, there was only one major
      complication. There was, however, a 10% incidence of laparoscopic failure from
      inadequate visualization. Twenty-one of the study patients (35%) were spared a
      laparotomy by the use of laparoscopy. The findings of this investigation help to
      identify those gynecologic oncology patients who should benefit most from the use
      of laparoscopy as an adjunct to the diagnosis, staging, or surveillance of
      intraabdominal malignant tumors.

PMID- 153493
TI  - The 'medical connection" links unions and management.

PMID- 153495
TI  - [Development of dental care for the handicapped: situation in Finland and a
      current Swedish agenda].

PMID- 153494
TI  - Employee lawsuits: a threat to the team?

PMID- 153496
TI  - [Change in the assessment of school beginners (author's transl)].

PMID- 153497
TI  - [The position of social medical care in an affluent society].

PMID- 153498
TI  - [Perspectives of "Social service in the hospital" (author's transl)].

PMID- 153499
TI  - [Critical comments on the methods employed in conducting the tuberculin serial
      test to determine the tuberculosis infection risk among the population (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 153500
TI  - [50 years longitudinal research (author's transl)].

PMID- 153501
TI  - [Identification of health and social requirements (author's transl)].

PMID- 153502
TI  - [Notes on the epidemiology of poisoning and intoxication in children (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 153503
TI  - [Comments  on the early beginnings of public health care offices in the North
      Rhine-Westphalian industrial area (author's transl)].

PMID- 153504
TI  - [Help given to school beginners before they attend school (author's transl)].

PMID- 153505
TI  - [Health in Europe].

PMID- 153506
TI  - [Organization of active detection of glaucoma in the Ivano-Frankovsk district].

PMID- 153507
TI  - [New methods in early diagnosis of a cardiomyopathy caused by adriamycin].
AB  - The cytostatic drug Adriamycin can, when given in overdose, cause a congestive
      (dilative) cardiomyopathy. In 120 patients, chest X-ray and ECG proved unsuitable
      for the early detection of this cardiomyopathy. However, a relatively early
      diagnosis of a cardiomyopathy can be made using echocardiography,
      radiocardiography, including determination of the minimal cardiac transit time,
      and through the determination of systolic time intervals. Especially the latter
      method represents a simple, economic, and yet exact means for the early
      recognition of Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 153508
TI  - [Evaluation of the function of the left ventricle by echocardiography in uremic
      patients under chronic hemodialysis].

PMID- 153509
TI  - Spinal injuries in Rangoon, Burma.
AB  - Spinal injuries in Burma as a result of a fall from height, especially from
      trees, in young male adults in low socio-economic classes; road traffic accidents
      are the second commonest cause; deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is
      very rare during the period of immobilisation. There are still some social
      problems of getting back to work and living conditions. We are trying our best to
      help the patients with spinal injuries.

PMID- 153510
TI  - A new flexible spring-coil, multi-directional mounting device (with proposal of
      rules) for target shooting by the disabled.

PMID- 153511
TI  - [Diplostomiasis in fishes in lake farms and the ways for its control].
AB  - Diplostomosis is the most common disease affecting Coregonidae in lakes of
      Karelia where intensive fish farming is conducted. The most acute form of
      diplostomosis, cercariosis, is especially dangerous for larvae introduced into
      small water bodies. Depending on a season or weather conditions a shift in the
      infection rate of fishes with metacercariae takes place. Some ways for
      diplostomatosis prophylaxis are being suggested. Relatively shallow lakes with
      low miniralisation of water of sulphate type have been found to be most suitable
      for Coregonidae nurseries. The very specificity of the intensive use of lakes for
      fish farming offers possibilities for diplostomosis development. In lakes
      nurseries with a regulated water regime the abundance of Lymnaeidae can be
      reduced by winter draining off the water. The chemical control of mollusks, local
      use of copper sulphate, is also possible under lake conditions.

PMID- 153512
TI  - [Biological characteristics of mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex
      (Culicidae) in Abkhazia].
AB  - A high abundance of C. p. pipiens and C. p. molestus in the town of Sukhumi and
      its vicinity was recorded from June to October. According to siphonal indexes the
      4-th-stage larvae of these mosquitoes differ from each other rather
      insignificantly. The females of C. p. pipiens exhibit a high fecundity within a
      warm period of the year which sharply falls by the autumn. During a two-year
      experiment with a basement micropopulation of C. p. molestus from a non
      autogenous form of C. pipiens there was established a gradual increase in the
      number of autogenous and stenogamic individuals. At the carbohydrate feeding the
      majority of the first autogenous females with ripe eggs are at the 3-rd -4-th
      stage of obesity.

PMID- 153513
TI  - [S. A. Gulieva (on her 50th birthday)].

PMID- 153514
TI  - [In memory of Kh. E. Mamanova].

PMID- 153515
TI  - Incidence, etiology, and classification of congenital heart disease.

PMID- 153516
TI  - Association of congenital heart disease with syndromes or other defects.

PMID- 153517
TI  - Acne: current concepts.

PMID- 153518
TI  - [Atopic dermatitis].

PMID- 153519
TI  - [Experience in organizing specialized allergological service for children in
      Saratov Province].

PMID- 153520
TI  - [Spread of allergic diseases among the children of the city of Nukus].

PMID- 153521
TI  - Visual calibration of posture in normal and motor retarded Down's syndrome
      infants.
AB  - Infants with Down's syndrome are delayed in achieving motor milestones. When they
      first sit unsupported a discrepancy between visual and mechanical-vestibular
      indices of postural stability is less disruptive of their balance than in normal
      infants. Yet when they first stand unsupported, the same discrepancy disrupts
      balance more in these infants than in the normal infants. The effect of
      discrepant visual feedback also differs systematically as a function of the
      infants' experience of the posture. Monitoring posture in relation to a stable
      visual surround appears to be fundamental to the normal development of motor
      control.

PMID- 153522
TI  - Crevicular fluid: origin, composition, methods of collection, and clinical
      significance.

PMID- 153524
TI  - National programme of prosthetics and orthotics in Japan.

PMID- 153525
TI  - Yoga benefits the disabled.

PMID- 153523
TI  - The relationship of mechanical Vmax to myosin ATPase activity in rabbit and
      marmot ventricular muscle.
AB  - Papillary muscle mechanics and ventricular myosin calcium-activated ATPase
      activity were measured in the same heart as a function of temperature (8--28
      degrees) in rabbits and marmots, in order to examine further the hypothesis that
      the velocity of cardiac muscle shortening at zero load (Vmax) is correlated with
      myosin ATPase activity. There was a similar Q10 for Vmax in each muscle type, as
      measured with isotonic afterloaded quick-releases at 30--33% time-to-peak
      tension; the calcium activated ATPase of myosin in the two muscle types also was
      similar. The least squares linear regression of rabbit Vmax on calcium-activated
      myosin ATPase activity was the same as in the marmot, so all the data were pooled
      to yield a linear regression (Y = 0.47 +/- 3.82X) with a high correlation between
      the two variables [r = 0.95, P less than 0.01 (ANOV)]. Furthermore, the
      correlation proved to be predictive of cardiac Vmax and myosin ATPase activity
      levels in other experiments where these two measurements decreased below normal
      as a result of hypertrophic growth. Consequently, the quantitative relationship
      between Vmax and myosin ATPase defined here may prove to be predictive of the
      ability of cardiac muscle to release bond energy.

PMID- 153526
TI  - [Use of polyester net and greater omentum covered with epidermodermal free grafts
      in filling a defect of total thickness of the abdominal wall].

PMID- 153527
TI  - [Physically disabled children and youth group leaders - attitudes and attitude
      changes].

PMID- 153528
TI  - The effect of modifying toothbrush handles on plaque control in handicapped
      children--preliminary report.

PMID- 153529
TI  - DNA gyrase: subunit structure and ATPase activity of the purified enzyme.
AB  - DNA gyrase has been purified to near homogeneity from Escherichia coli. The
      enzyme consists of two subunits of molecular weights 90,000 and 100,000 present
      in roughly equimolar amounts. The subunits can be identified as the products of
      two genes, determining resistance to coumermycin A1 and novobiocin (cou) and to
      nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid (nalA), respectively. These antibiotics were
      previously shown to be specific inhibitors of DNA gyrase. The ATPase activity of
      DNA gyrase is stimulated by double-stranded DNA and strongly inhibited by
      novobiocin but is relatively insensitive to oxolinic acid. Covalent attachment of
      an ATP derivative to the smaller (coumermycin-specific) subunit is also inhibited
      by novobiocin, suggesting that this drug interferes with the energy-coupling
      aspect of the DNA supercoiling reaction by blocking the access of ATP to the
      enzyme.

PMID- 153530
TI  - Systemic administration of beta-endorphin: potent hypotensive effect involving a
      serotonergic pathway.
AB  - In normal adult rats anesthetized with urethane, intravenous injections of beta
      endorphin (30--150 micrograms kg-1) induced a transient fall of blood pressure
      followed by a small hypertension and a prolonged hypotension. Prior
      administration of naloxone completely blocked these effects, whereas naloxone,
      given 1 hr after beta-endorphin, did not reverse the prolonged depressor phase of
      the opioid peptide. The effects of beta-endorphin on the arterial blood pressure
      were greatly reduced in animals pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine, a specific
      depletor of serotonin. Moreover, in rats pretreated with potent serotonin
      antagonists such as cyproheptadine, mianserin, and metergoline, beta-endorphin
      did not produce a significant hypotension. Furthermore, the depressor effect of
      beta-endorphin was potentiated by fluoxetine, a specific serotonin uptake
      inhibitor. These observations suggest the participation of a serotonergic pathway
      in the action of beta-endorphin on the arterial blood pressure.

PMID- 153531
TI  - Biphasic effects of the antiserotonergic methysergide on lordosis in rats.
AB  - As also reported by other workers, the antiserotonergic drug methysergide was
      found to facilitate lordotic responding in estrogen primed, ovariectomized rats.
      A second dose of methysergide 24 hr after the first, however, failed to produce
      any increment in responding. Animals received daily estrogen injections in order
      to maintain a relatively constant level of priming. After several days of
      methysergide, a progesterone injection facilitated lordosis to the same degree as
      in controls receiving only saline and estrogen. When a second injection of
      progesterone was given 24 hr later, however, the animals failed to respond. In
      contrast, saline controls with this estrogen paradigm responded equally well to
      both progesterone injections. These results are discussed in terms of their
      bearing on possible serotonergic and non-serotonergic mechanisms by which
      progesterone may control lordosis.

PMID- 153532
TI  - [The ultrasonic flowmeter : its use to measure peripheral venous circulation].
AB  - Using an ultrasonic flow-meter, the author measured, in the internal saphenous
      vein, the speed of the venous blood in various functional instances of
      tibiotarsal articulation. He was able to establish the essential role of this
      articulation in starting up the venous return flow, whence he infers a
      prophylactic approach to venous thrombosis.

PMID- 153533
TI  - In memory of Ernest Gutmann (1910--1977).

PMID- 153534
TI  - A review of muscle transplantation in mammals.
AB  - Recent research in the field of mammalian muscle transplantation is reviewed with
      respect to the typical postoperative course of a free muscle graft. Several
      questions of clinical relevance are discussed, such as 1) whether or not
      predenervation of a muscle graft is necessary, 2) the issue of survival vs.
      regeneration of muscle fibres within the graft, and 3) whether or not a muscle
      must be grafted as an intact anatomical unit. In addition problems of
      neuromuscular relations are discussed.

PMID- 153535
TI  - Endocytosis as inducer of degenerative conditions in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 153536
TI  - The ultrastructure of transplanted skeletal muscles in old rats.

PMID- 153537
TI  - Age-modulated dependence of Pacinian corpuscles upon their sensory innervation.

PMID- 153538
TI  - Characterization of cardiac myosin from rabbit embryos and adult rabbits.
AB  - 1. Ca2+-ATPase of myosin and electrophoretic pattern of light chains of myosin
      were investigated in cardiac muscles of 22-day-old rabbit embryos, new-born and
      adult rabbits. 2. Ca2+-ATPase activity was found to decrease during development
      and in contrast to that of adult rabbit, cardiac myosin prepared from 22-day-old
      embryos, is stable on exposure to pH 9.5. 3. Myosin from the cardiac muscle of
      rabbit embryos reveals light chains of both fast and slow types, that from adult
      animals, however, reveals light chains of the slow type only. 4. These studies
      suggest that unlike the cardiac muscle of adult rabbit, cardiac muscle of rabbit
      embryos contains both fast and slow types of myosin.

PMID- 153540
TI  - Changes in electrical properties of muscle membrane systems during decoupling and
      recoupling induced by glycerol.
AB  - In isolated muscle fibres of the frog and of the crayfish the following
      electrical parameters were determined during the glycerol procedure from the
      voltage transients at 20 degrees C: the sarcoplasmic resistivity, Ri; the
      membrane resistance, Rm; the series tubular resistance, Rs; the surface membrane
      capacity, Cm; the tubular membrane capacity CT. No significant changes were found
      in fibres equilibrated with glycerol (G) saline. During the washout of glycerol
      only Ri and Cm remained unchanged. In reversibly decoupled crayfish fibres (300
      mM-G) CT decreased to 70%, Rs increased to 175% and Rm increased to 200% of the
      control values. The changed parameters returned to control values upon
      reapplication of glycerol. In irreversibly decoupled fibres (500 and 600 mM-G)
      the changes in CT and Rs were more pronounced; and Rm was decreased. The resting
      potential remained constant with few mV. In frog fibres the changes in electrical
      parameters were in the same direction except the decrease of Rm during reversible
      decoupling (150 mM-G). The corresponding changes in reversible and irreversibly
      (300 mM-G) detubulated fibres were as follows: CT--60 (80) %; Rs--10 (14) times;
      Rm--50 (35) %.

PMID- 153539
TI  - Membrane currents in a calcium type muscle membrane under voltage clamp.
AB  - Four ionic current components were identified in the total membrane current
      recorded under voltage clamp conditions from the muscle membrane of the crayfish
      (Astacus fluviatilis). The early inward current component is dependent on the
      presence of Ca2+ ions, disappears in Ca2+ free solutions and is insensitive to
      variaton of external Na+ ions and to tetrodotoxin. The outward current consists
      of at least three components, an early, a late and a slow outward current. The
      outward currents are sensitive to TEA and their reversal potentials differ. The
      early potassium current may be separated in a proportion of fibres by a hump from
      the later potassium current. An insufficient space clamp as a cause of the hump
      was excluded by comparing the size of the clamped membrane area with the
      distribution of large membrane clefts in the fibre. The early outward current is
      critically dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions and is relatively more
      sensitive to TEA ions and to conditioning depolarisation than the late outward
      current.

PMID- 153541
TI  - The effect of potassium depolarization on 32P-labelling of phosphatidylinositol
      and phosphatidylserine in frog sartorius muscle.

PMID- 153542
TI  - Chronic polyelectromyography in awake, unrestrained animals.
AB  - A procedure is described for making an implantable electrode array for recording
      EMG activity in muscles of awake, unrestrained animals (rats and cats) at rest,
      during rhythmic activity and in response to various reflexogenic stimuli. The
      electrode array consists of a percutaneous connector (covered with Dow-Corning
      Silastic Medical Adhesive), steel wire spiral leads contained in silicone tubing
      and silicone plate probes with platinum electrodes. These plate probes can be
      fixed either to the bone underneath the muscle, slipped under the fascia, or
      fixed between muscles. EMG records are presented of postural activity and
      ambulation in rats, mastication in cats and unilateral and bilateral spinal and
      supraspinal reflex responses in rat hind limb muscles up to 6 months after
      implantation. The advantages (and drawbacks) of this technique and its possible
      uses in neurophysiology are enumerated in the discussion.

PMID- 153544
TI  - [Information content of x-ray findings and reporting of results].

PMID- 153545
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Analysis of the evolution of the
      disease].

PMID- 153543
TI  - Evidence for the role of serotonin in the inhibition of specific motor responses.
AB  - Two behavioural paradigms were used to test the effects of serotonin depletion on
      a specific form of response inhibition. Treatment with both p-chlorophenylalanine
      (p-CPA) at 200 mg/kg and lesions of the medial raphe nucleus impaired the
      acquisition of a step-off passive-avoidance response. The experimental design
      allowed the elimination of alternative interpretations in terms of increased
      sensitivity to shock and increased responsiveness to stimuli. p-CPA also impaired
      response inhibition during an omission-training schedule. The results of the
      three studies support a general role of serotonin in withholding specific
      instrumental (reinforced) motor actions. The results contrast with those of
      studies supporting a role of noradrenaline in response inhibition. A tentative
      conclusion supports Konorski's (1967) suggestion for differentiation of various
      types of response inhibition that are mediated by different neurochemical
      systems.

PMID- 153546
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Introduction].

PMID- 153547
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Methodology and case histories].

PMID- 153548
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Clinical results].

PMID- 153549
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Radiological results].

PMID- 153550
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Radiological and clinical results].

PMID- 153551
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Biomechanic aspects].

PMID- 153552
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Remarks on "congruence"].

PMID- 153553
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Early failures in less than 10 years].

PMID- 153554
TI  - [Pelvic osteotomy for incipent coxarthritis in hip dysplasia and its combination
      with femoral osteotomy].

PMID- 153556
TI  - [New geometric theory on the varization of the hip].

PMID- 153557
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Oblique acetabulum and varization
      associated with a supporting screw].

PMID- 153555
TI  - [Profile of the hip in intertrochanteric osteotomies in Pauwels type varization].

PMID- 153558
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Lateralization of the head].

PMID- 153559
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with rotation osteotomy of the femur neck in
      mild secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Hip incongruity].

PMID- 153560
TI  - [Biomechanical therapy of protrusive arthritis of the hip].

PMID- 153561
TI  - [The role of the intertrochanteric abduction osteotomy with muscular relaxation
      by the Pauwels (PII) method].

PMID- 153562
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with osteotomy of the femur neck in mild
      secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Indication for varization osteotomy].

PMID- 153563
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with osteotomy of the femur neck in mild
      secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Revised indication for the use of supporting
      screws].

PMID- 153564
TI  - [Results of a 10-year experience with osteotomy of the femur neck in mild
      secondary coxarthrosis in the adult. Synthesis. Reflexions on the surgical
      indications in the initial phase of secondary coxarthrosis in luxation hip
      dysplasia].

PMID- 153565
TI  - [Discussion. Surveillance and operative indications in congenital hip subluxation
      and dysplasia with incipient arthrosis].

PMID- 153566
TI  - [The results of valgus osteotomy in severe osteoarthritis of the hip (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors analysed 150 consecutive cases of valgus osteotomy (Pauwels II)
      performed in cases of very severe osteoarthritis, and followed up for 3 to 10
      years (average 6 years). The quality and the permanency of the results depend
      mainly on the morphology of the osteoarthritic hip. A satisfactory clinical and
      radiologic result is attained when the stresses in the joint have been reduced by
      improving the congruity of the joint surfaces using the cephalic medial
      osteophyte as part of these, and thus increasing the weight bearing surfaces. In
      osteoarthritis secondary to dysplasia (single dysplasia, subluxation, or luxation
      with support: 49 cases) valgus osteotomy gave 77 p. 100 good results, with 83 p.
      100 painfree hips. This result persists 10 years (or more) for women operated
      before 50 years of age. The results are good in primary osteoarthritis occuring
      in active age (83 cases). When the hip was extruded by acetabular and cephalic
      osteophytes, 60 p. 100 good results, with 81 p. 100 painfree hips, have been
      obtained. In protrusive osteoarthritis and coxa profunda (18 cases) the valgus
      osteotomy slightly improved the range of movement but the relief of pain was
      usual (88 p. 100) and durable. The causes of failure (lack of mechanical
      improvement, osteoarthritis resulting more from biological disturbance--primary
      osteoarthritis--rather than from mechanical causes, influence of the age) have
      been sought for.

PMID- 153567
TI  - [Immunopathogenetic aspects of allergy to drugs].

PMID- 153568
TI  - [Reformatory educational approaches in early special education of the physically
      handicapped - a survey based on the "Journal for the Care of Cripples" 1909--1929
      (author's transl)].
AB  - An historical survey of special education of the physically handicapped is
      necessary because the dialectic relationship between the educational attention
      for the physically handicapped on the one hand and the educational rejection of
      the most severely handicapped on the other hand, seems to be occurring today as
      in the first decades of this century. At first, the article reviews the social
      biological approach of the orthopaedist K. Biesalski and the "educational
      psychology of cripples" of H. Wurtz, who worked together with Biesalski. The
      educational demands for cripples which result from their theories are briefly
      described. The influence of reformatory educational theory on both the pre
      scientific educational theories concerning cripples before 1920 and the
      experimental-psychological and special educational concepts until 1929 are
      outlined. Finally the article analyses the resource material including articles
      of Agahd 1909; Delitsch 1909; Denzer 1910; Plass 1912; Wurtz 1912, 1913; Legel
      1914; Kohler 1926; Herold 1929 und Winkler 1929.

PMID- 153569
TI  - [Physically handicapped pupils at a regular school - experiences of the school
      experiment "Lichtenau" (author's transl)].
AB  - As an experiment in integration, the joint placement of physically handicapped
      and non-disabled pupils into the regular class settings of a school belonging to
      the Hessisch-Lichtenau experiment makes special social and educational measures
      necessary both at school and in the residential home. The main activities have to
      be directed towards scientific studies of existing problems and their practical
      solutions. The following article describes the problems arising from the
      integrational efforts and suggests possible solutions.

PMID- 153570
TI  - [No longer an outsider but a partner. Possibilities of overcoming the social
      distance between the disabled and the non-disabled (author's transl)].

PMID- 153571
TI  - Weak A.C. magnetic field effects: changes in cell sodium pump activity following
      whole animal exposure.
AB  - A biological system consisting of a cell membrane enzyme (Na+-K+)-ATPase
      responded to exposure to a weak A.C. magnetic field. Analysis of Na+ pump
      activity in normal mouse (A/J) tissue--(a) Kidney cortex and diaphragm after 11
      days of exposure to a magnetic field of 55-60 gauss, 60Hz showed a significant
      reduction as did (b) liver tissue but at day 17 the levels had returned to the
      control values. Neuroblastoma cells (C1300) transplanted to A/J mice also showed
      a reduction in the (Na+-K+)-ATPase activity but this persisted at day 17.

PMID- 153572
TI  - [The multihandicapped deaf child].

PMID- 153573
TI  - [ATP and rhinosinus diseases].

PMID- 153574
TI  - Lumbar spinal manipulation on trial. Part I--clinical assessment.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with chronic low back pain were treated three times at weekly
      intervals with rotational manipulation. Patients with femoral or sciatic root
      pain were included provided they did not exhibit root compression signs.
      Background therapy of codeine phosphate was administered throughout. There was a
      significant increase in spinal flexion measured clinically during the three-week
      period of manipulation followed by a significant decrease in the three-week
      period after manipulation. The first week of manipulative treatment was more
      painful than the corresponding week in the control group but in the second and
      third weeks there was less pain in the manipulated group. Pain scores were
      reduced to a significant degree within four weeks of starting treatment only in
      the group manipulated in the first treatment period. Patients benefitting
      subjectively from manipulation were more likely to be older and to have had
      symptoms for a shorter period than those not deriving benefit. The age of onset
      of symptoms was significantly later in the responders.

PMID- 153575
TI  - Lumbar spinal manipulation on trial. Part II--radiological assessment.
AB  - In a trial of manipulation for chronic low back pain, radiographs of the lumbar
      spine and radiographic assessment of spinal motion were of no value in predicting
      or assessing the response of the patients to manipulation. Although radiography
      of the lumbar spine is a commonly requested investigation, it contributes little
      to the management of such patients except to exclude serious spinal pathology
      before any form of physical treatment is commenced.

PMID- 153576
TI  - Metabolic abnormalities of tryptophan and nicotinic acid in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The mean plasma total tryptophan concentration of 13 long-standing rheumatoid
      arthritis patients was found to be lower than that of seven nonrheumatoid control
      subjects, but the plasma nicotinic acid concentration was unchanged. In the
      rheumatoid patients the urinary excretion of the tryptophan metabolites,
      kynurenine, xanthurenic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, was increased several
      fold, but the excretion of N-methylnicotinamide was normal. These findings are
      discussed in relationship to the dietary intakes of tryptophan, nicotinic acid
      and pyridoxine, the effect of antirheumatoid drugs on plasma tryptophan and liver
      tryptophan pyrrolase, and requirement of rheumatoid patients for pyridoxine.

PMID- 153577
TI  - Mobile arm supports: an evaluation.
AB  - The results of a follow-up survey of 124 patients fitted with mobile arm supports
      at Mary Marlborough Lodge between 1970 and 1976 are presented. Of the patients
      fitted with mobile arm supports 33% are known to have used them for over one
      year, and 47% of those who were contacted were still using them. The reasons for
      non-use and the implications of the necessity for readjustments are discussed.

PMID- 153578
TI  - Honing your assessment skills: what that rash really means.

PMID- 153579
TI  - [Acne rosacea].

PMID- 153581
TI  - [Choreic dyskinesia and GABA - pharmaco-clinical approach. Preliminary note].
AB  - The effects of Baclofen, a gabamimetic drug, have been studied in 4 patients
      affected by Huntington's Chorea. The biochemical bases of Chorea are discussed in
      relation to the HVA modifications in the cerebrospinal fluid induced by the drug.
      Some interesting data on the extrapyramidal physiology may be achieved with
      further investigations in a greater group of patients.

PMID- 153580
TI  - [A family with progressive myoclonus epilepsy (author's transl)].
AB  - To begin, a survey of the literature concerning the group of progressive
      myoclonic epilepsies is presented, from the initial descriptions of Unverricht
      (1891) and Lundborg (1903) to the present. Recently several subforms of this
      nosologic entity have been delineated according to the mode of inheritance, time
      of manifestation, severity of course, and biochemical characteristics (i.e,
      eventual demonstration of mucopolysaccharide storage in Lafora bodies or diffuse
      in the central nervous system and other organs). The most useful classification
      stems from Diebold (1972): early (I) and late (II) forms of the Lafora type
      having autosomal recessive inheritance; an autosomal recessive early form (III)
      and an autosomal dominant late form (IV) with degenerative changes in the central
      nervous system without biochemical disturbances. The authors describe 3 young
      siblings from Southern Tyrol, who clinically manifested the cardinal symptoms of
      the disease in addition to extrapyramidal cerebellar disturbances. In spite of
      extensive bioptic and biochemical examinations, neither Lafora bodies nor diffuse
      deposits or excretion of mucopolysaccharides could be demonstrated. The distant
      blood relationship between the parents of these patients supports the assumption
      of an autosomal recessive mode of transmission. The relatively early
      manifestation of the disease and the demonstration of degenerative changes within
      the central nervous system suggest assignment of these patients to Diebold's
      subgroup III of the progressive myoclonic epilepsy.

PMID- 153582
TI  - Work conditions and health of locomotive engineers.  II. Questionnaire study,
      mortality and disability.
AB  - A questionnaire study on work conditions, work organization, leisure time, social
      problems, and health was directed toward active and retired locomotive engineers.
      This article mainly presents responses of the active engineers. The active
      locomotive engineers quoted the irregular work hours as the worst occupational
      problem. They judged noise and vibration in the locomotive cabs as disturbing.
      The majority of the desired changes in the work and work conditions concerned
      work time. The most common complaints given on the questionnaire were back
      trouble, hypertension and dermatitis. Tiredness and exhaustion were the most
      prevalent neuropsychological symptoms. A retrospective follow-up survey on
      invalidity and mortality was made. Trainmen and railroad clerks were used as
      reference cohorts.The engineers had relatively high invalidity and mortality
      rates in comparison to the reference groups, especially with respect to
      cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors. Higher rates for disease of the
      digestive system and hearing loss were also suggested by the results.

PMID- 153583
TI  - Accumulation of a tetrahydroisoquinoline in phenylketonuria.
AB  - 3',4'-Deoxynorlaudanosolinecarboxylic acid (DNLCA), a tetrahydroisoquinoline
      derived from dopamine and phenylpyruvic acid, has been detected by computerized
      mass fragmentography in urine of phenylketonuric children and in urine and brain
      of rats with experimentally induced hyperphenylalaninemia. Levels of DNLCA in
      brain of treated animals were more than tenfold higher than controls, and the
      excess tetrahydroisoquinoline appeared to accumulate in the cerebellum and
      cortex. DNLCA is a noncompetitive inhibitor of dopamine beta-hydroxylase
      (inhibition constant, Ki, = 0.42 mM) and is taken up by the brain.

PMID- 153584
TI  - Fetal considerations. Metabolic clearance rate of maternal plasma
      dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate.

PMID- 153585
TI  - SMON and other socially induced diseases in Japan.

PMID- 153586
TI  - Complement.

PMID- 153587
TI  - [Therapeutic and diagnostic use of retroperitoneoscopy in kidney and upper
      urinary tract diseases].

PMID- 153588
TI  - [Electroneuromyography and condition of the neuromuscular spindles in
      collagenoses].

PMID- 153589
TI  - Peritoneoscopy in the management of breast cancer.
AB  - Peritoneoscopy has been recommended by the Combined Breast Clinic at the
      Provincial Hospital, Port Elizabeth, since 1975, mainly to confirm or exclude
      metastatic involvement of the liver. Experience with 27 procedures is reviewed.
      Peritoneoscopy is shown to be a useful aid in the staging and management of
      selected cases of breast cancer. Positive findings, confirmed by histological
      examination, were recorded for 5 patients. Negative findings in 22 patients were
      equally helpful, and were found to be reliable, in that none of these patients
      had evidence of liver involvement during the follow-up period, while in 5
      patients there was evidence of metastases elsewhere.

PMID- 153590
TI  - Acne, hypervitaminosis A and hypercalcaemia. A case report.
AB  - The ingestion of vitamin A, which is often prescribed for the treatment of acne,
      may lead to hypervitaminosis A. This syndrome has a wide spectrum of clinical
      features, hypercalcaemia being of special note since it has been reported in 4
      previous cases only. Hypervitaminosis A has been described as resulting from
      excess ingestion of vitamin A for prevention of sunburn and treatment of minimal
      brain dysfunction. With the present glut of health foods, this condition should
      be borne in mind when patients present with symptoms of hypercalcaemia and liver
      dysfunction.

PMID- 153591
TI  - Attitudes toward the chronically ill and disabled: implications for the health
      care systems.
AB  - Health care services for the chronically ill are provided through a fragmented
      patchwork of activities by health care professionals. This article traces some of
      the origins of attitudes toward the chronically ill and identifies the problems
      created by disjointed patterns of care. A route for change that is humanistically
      based and uses a matrix model for care and management is suggested.

PMID- 153592
TI  - Rehabilitation following burn injury.

PMID- 153593
TI  - [Ambulatory dental treatment of children in general anesthesia].

PMID- 153594
TI  - Plasmin digestion of factor VIII: characterization of the breakdown products with
      respect to antigenicity and von Willebrand activity.

PMID- 153596
TI  - [Juvenile Huntington's chorea].

PMID- 153595
TI  - Identification of high molecular weight derivatives of plasmic digests of cross
      linked human fibrin.

PMID- 153597
TI  - [Paget's disease of bone].

PMID- 153599
TI  - [Characteristics of the territorial distribution of bacterial dysentery in the
      Kaliningrad region].

PMID- 153598
TI  - The effects of heavy metals on [3H]thymidine uptake in lymphocytes.

PMID- 153600
TI  - [Use of the cartographic method to study infectious pathology in the Karelian 
      ASSR].

PMID- 153601
TI  - [Nosogeography of intestinal infections in the Pskov region].

PMID- 153602
TI  - [Regional infectious pathology on the territory of the Novgorod region].

PMID- 153603
TI  - [The cloister hospital at St. Gall, Cluny and E1 Escorial].

PMID- 153604
TI  - Russian medical botany before the time of Peter the Great.

PMID- 153605
TI  - New light on Celsus' "De medicina".

PMID- 153606
TI  - [The Ch'uan-ya and the practice of the Chinese country doctor in the 18th
      century].

PMID- 153607
TI  - Development T cell repertoire in the human and the sheep fetus.

PMID- 153608
TI  - Cryoglobulinaemia in renal transplant recipients.

PMID- 153609
TI  - Donor selection for bone marrow transplantation. Predictive value of DR typing
      for mixed lymphocyte culture compatibility between unrelated individuals.

PMID- 153610
TI  - Genetics of responses of alloantigen primed lymphocytes in secondary MLC.

PMID- 153611
TI  - Genetic studies of the HLA-D region by the primed lymphocyte test.

PMID- 153612
TI  - HLA-D activity in lymphocyte subcellular fractions.

PMID- 153613
TI  - Positive mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity between HLA-DR-identical siblings.

PMID- 153614
TI  - The development of suppressor T cells in MLR.

PMID- 153615
TI  - A simple method for detecting suppressor cells of the mixed lymphocyte reaction
      in man: application to a healthy population.

PMID- 153616
TI  - Identification of an MLC suppressor cell population in acute leukemia.

PMID- 153617
TI  - Suppression of mixed lymphocyte cultures by antibodies against human trophoblast
      membrane antigens.

PMID- 153618
TI  - Regulation of human mixed lymphocyte culture reactions: augmentation of
      proliferation and generation of cytotoxic cells.

PMID- 153619
TI  - Proliferative and cytotoxic capacities of human cultured T cells.

PMID- 153620
TI  - A functional assay of HLA-directed non-T-cell mediated lympholysis (CML).

PMID- 153621
TI  - Correlation of MLC response with graft survival in cadaver and related donor
      kidney transplants.

PMID- 153622
TI  - The correlation of tissue typing, mixed lymphocyte culture, and related donor
      renal allograft survival.

PMID- 153623
TI  - Measurement of the temperature increases generated in soft tissue by ultrasonic
      diagnostic Doppler equipment.

PMID- 153625
TI  - Evaluation of infertility in the female.

PMID- 153624
TI  - Steady-state gas exchange in normothermic, anesthetized, liquid-ventilated dogs.
AB  - Anesthetized, paralyzed, purebred beagle dogs were ventilated for 45 min (n = 5)
      and 60 min (n = 5) with oxygenated (PIO2 = 685 mmHg) FC-80 fluorocarbon liquid at
      38 degrees C. The PaCO2 remained constant at approximately 43 mmHg during 60 min
      of liquid ventilation (mean tidal volume = 290 ml, mean respiratory frequency =
      2.8 breaths/min). The end-tidal PCO2 was consistently higher than PaCO2 during
      liquid ventilation. Histological examination by light as well as scanning
      electron microscopy of the lungs of dogs killed 10, 30, or 180 days after liquid
      ventilation revealed no pathological changes except for a slight increase in the
      number of macrophages, especially around the alveolar ducts. It is concluded that
      a steady state of gas exchange at near normal arterial carbon dioxide partial
      pressures can be maintained in anesthetized, normothermic dogs ventilated with FC
      80 at respiratory frequencies of approximately 3 breaths/min.

PMID- 153626
TI  - [State of clinical refraction among the population of Far North].

PMID- 153628
TI  - [Experience with treatment of patients with multiple and combined traumas in
      antishock and rehabilitation centers in Leningrad].

PMID- 153627
TI  - [Complex treatment of children with ametropia in a specialized pioneer camp].

PMID- 153629
TI  - [Spontaneous hemorrhage into the abdominal wall complicated by severe collapse].

PMID- 153631
TI  - [Protective screen for persons assisting in x-ray examination of children and
      critically ill patients].

PMID- 153630
TI  - The effects of gold-containing compounds on pregnant rabbits and their fetuses.

PMID- 153633
TI  - [Fatherly concern (K. I. Skriabin)].

PMID- 153632
TI  - [In memory of Varfolomei Artem'evich Fanardzhian (on his 80th birthday)].

PMID- 153634
TI  - [Systematic research (K. I. Skriabin)].

PMID- 153635
TI  - [Effective measures (Konstantin Ivanovich Skriabin)].

PMID- 153636
TI  - [Immediate tasks (K. I. Skriabin)].

PMID- 153637
TI  - [Results of investigations (K. I. Skriabin)].

PMID- 153638
TI  - [Anniversary of the oldest college].

PMID- 153639
TI  - [Diagnosis of helminthiases and the prospects for its development].

PMID- 153640
TI  - [Prevention of sterility in meat-breed cows on large farms].

PMID- 153641
TI  - Cerebral neuroblastoma.
AB  - A cerebral neuroblastoma removed surgically from a female child is presented.
      Electron microscopy showed numerous neuronal processes with growth cones which
      are a feature of the developing neurone. In addition there were some rosettes
      with distinct lumina. The luminal surfaces were covered with a smooth plasma
      membrane lacking any surface differentiation and the lateral surface of these
      cells had many cell junctions (terminal bars), reminiscent of a primitive neural
      tube. These features in a nerve cell tumor help to substantiate it as a
      neuroblastoma arising from immature rather than differentiated cells. The nature
      of this rare tumor is discussed.

PMID- 153642
TI  - Granulomatous glomerulonephritis, without systemic disorder.
AB  - The case of a 12-year-old girl dying of renal insufficiency is described. At
      autopsy granulomatous glomerulonephritis was found without any systemic disease.
      The glomerular light-, immunofluorescent- and electron microscopic changes were
      studied. Four hundred glomeruli were analyzed by light microscopic investigation
      and graded (I-IV). By immunofluorescent investigation, intraglomerular and in the
      more severely affected glomeruli, periglomerular immunoglobulin deposition was
      detected. Electron microscopic investigation revealed mononuclear cells and
      fibroblasts in the glomerular and periglomerular cellular infiltrate, resulting
      in fragmentation and rupture of Bowman's capsule and loss of the glomerular
      structure.

PMID- 153643
TI  - Further evidence of tubular blockage after acute ischemic renal failure in Tupaia
      belangeri and rats.

PMID- 153644
TI  - Lipofuscin and transsynaptic degeneration.
AB  - The periodic acid Schiff reaction was applied to neurones in the Lateral
      Geniculate Body (L.G.B.) of a series of normal and blind patients over a wide age
      range. The quantity of the reaction product was determined as a measure of
      lipofuscin which was found to increase linearly with age in the L.G.B. neurones.
      The amount in the neurones of the blind patients was found to be less than that
      in the controls, and a further group of four patients with apparently normal
      vision and central nervous system disease had an intermediate amount of
      lipofuscin. It is suggested that the component of lipofuscin measured by this
      technique represents an index of both metabolic activity and functional activity
      of the neurone. The reduced amounts in the patients with C.N.S. disease may
      reflect reduced visual function in association with non-visual pathway disease.

PMID- 153645
TI  - Capillarosclerosis of the lower urinary tract in analgesic (phenacetin) abuse. An
      electron-microscopic study.
AB  - The ultrastructural appearances in capillarosclerosis of the lower urinary tract
      in analgesic abuse are reported. The capillaries show thickened basement
      membranes consisting of numerous thin basement membrane lamellae. Between the
      newly formed basement membrane lamellae, masses of empty vacuoles (fat vacuoles)
      and a variety of membranous and vesicular structures are present. The
      pathogenesis of this alteration in the basement membrane is unknown. A common
      pathogenetic mechanism may be operative in the discoloration of renal papillae
      and mucous membranes of lower urinary tract on the one hand and
      capillarosclerosis on the other.

PMID- 153646
TI  - Ultrastructural cytology of human osteosarcoma cells.
AB  - The cytology of 6 osteosarcomas was examined by electron microscopy. In keeping
      with the varied pattern of osteosarcomas seen by light microscopy several types
      of tumor cells could be differentiated: osteoblast-like, fibroblast-like,
      chondroblast-like, osteoclast-like and histiocyte-like cells. Moreover, atypical
      malignant mesenchymal cells and vascular spaces were present. The individual
      cytoplasmic organelles are not considered to be specific to particular types of
      cell as seen from the discussion of the significance of rough endoplasmic
      reticulum, microfilaments and lysosomes. Only examination of the composite
      pattern of subcellular organelles allows the differentiation of certain cell
      types. All tumor cells visible in osteosarcomas are considered as modifications
      of a transformed common progenitor cell. Because of the variegated cytological
      picture a multipotent mesenchymal cell rather than an osteoblastic cell is
      assumed to be the ancestor cell.

PMID- 153647
TI  - Healed experimental renal papillary necrosis and cortical scarring in the rat
      from 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide.

PMID- 153648
TI  - Experimental renal papillary necrosis in the rat: the selective vulnerability of
      medullary structures to injury.
AB  - Acute renal papillary necrosis was produced in rats by the administration of
      ethyleneimine. Low doses resulted in necrosis of interstitial cells, thin limbs
      of the loops of Henle and vasa recta, while collecting ducts were spared
      (subtotal renal papillary necrosis). High doses resulted in necrosis of all
      elements of the papilla (total renal papillary necrosis). Athough the ranges of
      the doses that produced these two patterns of necrosis overlapped, it is clear
      that there is a dose dependent selective vulnerability or renal medullary
      structures to injury by the toxic agent studied.

PMID- 153649
TI  - Involvement of the larynx in a congenital "myopathy", unilateral aplasia of the
      arytenoid, micrognathia, and malformation of the brain--a new syndrome?
AB  - Neuromyopathic changes were found in various limb muscles and in intrinsic
      laryngeal muscles of a two month old girl. She had been noted to have
      micrognathia, arthrogryposis and congenital stridor and died as a result of
      respiratory insufficiency and aspiration. Autopsy revealed an absent left
      arytenoid cartilage and severe histogenic abnormalities of the brain. Although
      the muscles involved showed a mainly myopathic pattern, marked signs of
      peripheral neurogenic involvement were present. These differed from motor neuron
      disease or aplasia of anterior horn cells. These findings cast a new light on the
      discussion of unclassified congenital myopathy resembling the picture of
      congenital muscular "dystrophy". This is the first case of congenital
      neuromyopathy in which involvement of intrinsic laryngeal muscles has been
      demonstrated morphologically.

PMID- 153650
TI  - [Peripheral blood leukocyte count and the phagocytic activity of the leukocytes
      in sailors under arctic conditions].

PMID- 153651
TI  - [Degenerative and dystrophic diseases of the spine and their treatment with Saki
      mud].

PMID- 153652
TI  - [Results of immunization of seronegative children with live poliomyelitis
      vaccine].
AB  - The humoral immunity status to poliomyelitis viruses was studied in a group of
      children under 3 years previously immunized at least 3 times with SLV
      incorporated into dragee-candy. A regular increase with age of the number of
      subjects possessing virus-neutralizaing antibody to poliomyelitis viruses was
      demonstrated, the incidence of antibody to the three virus types being
      distributed by age groups as follows: under 1 year -- 24%, 1 year -- 53%, 2 years
      -- 71.2%, 3 years -- 84.8%. The immune response in children was observed to begin
      developing after the first vaccination mainly to one virus type. Among the
      children of 1--3 years of age examined, 1.1% to 6.0% had no antibody to
      polioviruses. An attempt was made to induce antibody production in these children
      by an additional vaccination with liquid SLV monitoring the implantation of the
      vaccine virus in the intestinal tract and seroconversion in the blood.
      Consecutive administration of the oral liquid vaccine of national make was found
      to result in immune response in 100% of vaccinees.

PMID- 153654
TI  - [Development of parasitology in Russia].

PMID- 153653
TI  - [Natural foci of viruses borne by Phlebotomus papatasi in the USSR according to a
      serologic study of the population].
AB  - Seven hundred sixteen blood serum specimens from residents of presumable foci of
      phlebotomus fevers in Turkmenia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, and Moldavia
      were examined by the neutralization, complement fixation, hemagglutionation
      inhibition and indirect immunofluorescence tests for the presence of antibody to
      viruses of the group of phlebotomus fevers (Sicilyan, Neapolitan, and Karimabad)
      and to rhabdovirus isfahan transmitted by phlebotomus papatasi. For the first
      time, antibody to Karimabad and Isfahan viruses were found in residents of the
      Central Asian republics. Antibody to Sicilyan and Neapolitan fevers were found in
      residents of all the republics examined. Data have been obtained indicating
      probable pathogenicity of Isfahan virus for man.

PMID- 153655
TI  - [Side effects of external corticosteroid therapy. 1. Side effects limited to the
      skin].

PMID- 153656
TI  - [The rehabilitation of wheelchair patients].

PMID- 153657
TI  - [Sociological studies in acne vulgaris. 2. Effect of the disease on the
      evaluation of clinical picture and motivation for therapy].
AB  - A questionnaire was presented to 2009 18--19 year old recruitment candidates. The
      questionnaire enabled appraisal of antipathy towards patients with severe acne
      vulgaris and the occupational inpediment of severe acne. It was shown in
      comparison of patients with clinically relevant acne and healthy subjects or
      patients with a minor variant of acne that acne patients are more prepared to
      tolerate other acne patients than are healthy subjects. A questionnaire which
      enabled appraisal of attitudes to therapy was presented in addition to 351
      patients with clinically relevant acne in this collective. The schools attended
      were also recorded in these patients. It was shown that the motivation to undergo
      treatment can be assumed in only half of the acne patients; this motivation is
      less the more radical the therapy. However, the motivation is greater the higher
      the educational level of the person questioned.

PMID- 153659
TI  - [2 weeks in a camp for physically handicapped].

PMID- 153658
TI  - [Clinical examination of the econazole spray solution and spray powder in skin
      mycoses].

PMID- 153660
TI  - Amino acid uptake by amino acid analog resistant tobacco cell lines.
AB  - Two tobacco cell lines resistant to p-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) and one resistant
      to 5-methyltryptophan (5-MT) are compared with wild type cells in their ability
      to absorb amino acids from the medium. One p-fluorophenylalanine-resistant cell
      line shows greatly reduced uptake of all amino acids so is resistant to growth
      inhibition by other amino acid analogs. The impaired absorption is noted with
      amino acids, amino acid analogs and shikimate, but not with cinnamate,
      salicylate, nicotine, glucose, 3-O-methylglucose and palmitate. The phenylalanine
      transport system of the PFP-resistant cell line and the wild type both have Km
      values of 90 micrograms, but have different Vmax values. Several analogs of
      phenylalanine and several neutral L-amino acids inihibt the phenylalanine
      transport system, while L-aspartic acid, L-arginine, D-phenylalanine or
      chlorogenic acid do not interfere with the L-phenylalanine uptake. The results
      indicate the presence of more than one transport system for amino acid uptake.
      The lessened uptake of all amino acids, the specificity of the uptake systems and
      the unchanged binding let us conclude that a pleiotropic mutation or that some
      inhibitor causes the reduced uptake of all amino acids by the PFP-resistant cell
      line.

PMID- 153661
TI  - Evidence for distinct amino acid transport systems in cultured tobacco cells.
AB  - It is shown by competition experiments that tobacco cell lines have distinct
      transport systems for L-amino acids. For all tested amino acids the Lineweaver
      Burk plots were diphasic indicating the presence of more than one carrier for any
      one amino acid. Moreover distinct transport systems for neutral, acidic and basic
      amino acids were kinetically characterized. Based on competition experiments
      neutral amino acids were absorbed by all transport systems. Aspartic acid entered
      the cells via its own carrier and via the basic carrier while arginine was taken
      up only by the basic carrier. Neutral amino acids such as L-leucine or L
      phenylalanine were taken up faster than acidic or basic amino acids.

PMID- 153662
TI  - [The carcinogenic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (author's transl)].
AB  - The two most important theories on the mode of action of carcinogenic
      hydrocarbons are juxtaposed by a new theory. This theory refers to ideas which
      have been discussed for a rather long time in silicose research and describes a
      mechanism whose principle will possibly be important for the specific effect of
      some pharmaceutica.

PMID- 153663
TI  - Ribonuclease A digestion by proteinase K.
AB  - The digestion of ribonuclease A by proteinase K yielded one major degradation
      product only, which could not be distinguished from ribonuclease S by
      electrophoretical and immunological methods. This component (ribonuclease K)
      possessing full catalytic activity was characterized to be (1--20/21--124)
      ribonuclease A. Combined action of proteinase K and trypsin on ribonuclease A
      leads to a significant increase of the inactivation rate which may be useful in
      the isolation of mRNA from polysomes.

PMID- 153664
TI  - [Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in Phycomyces blakesleeanus Bgff. (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) from Phycomyces blakesleeanus was
      partially purified by protamine sulfate precipitation, ammoniumsulfate
      precipitation, and diethylamino ethyl cellulose (DEAE) treatment. This
      preparation was employed for the characterization of the enzyme. The Km values
      for phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and ADP were determined as 1.6 and 0.42 mM. The
      nucleotid specificity was demonstrated for ADP exclusively. The use of sulfuryl
      reagents showed the presence of thiol groups sensitive against p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate but not effected by N-ethylmaleimide.

PMID- 153666
TI  - Physical parameters and possible regulation of zeta-aminolevulinic acid
      synthetase.
AB  - Physical measurements were made on the zeta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase from
      Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. These include a Stokes radius of 3.8 nm, determined
      by gel filtration, and sedimentation coefficient of 5.46 S by sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation. From these measurements and the value of partial
      specific volume of 0.732 ml/g determined from the amino acid composition, the
      following physical constants were calculated: molecular weight, 88000; diffusion
      coefficient, 5.65 X 10(-7) cm2s-1; frictional ratio, 1.30; axial ratio, 5.0. The
      enzyme is inhibited by more than 50% by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (1mM),
      pyruvate (0.02 M), alpha-ketoglutarate (0.02 M), urea (0.8 M), CoCl2 (0.2 mM) and
      hemin (5 micrograms). The effect of these inhibitors on the possible regulation
      of this enzymic activity is discussed.

PMID- 153665
TI  - The mutagenicity of dichloroacetaldehyde.
AB  - Dichloroacetaldehyde, a presumed metabolite of the insecticides dichlorvos and
      trichlorphon, is mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome test. Its mutagenic
      potency is higher than that of the established mutagen dichlorvos. It is possible
      that the bacterial mutagenicity test only or mainly detects the effect of
      methylation by dichlorvos.

PMID- 153667
TI  - Lysine as the substrate binding site of porphobilinogen synthase of
      Rhodopseudomonas spheroides.
AB  - The 14C labelled inactive protein obtained by sodium borohydride reduction of the
      enzyme, porphobilinogen synthase of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, in the presence
      of [4-14C]5-aminolevulinic acid, gave on acid hydrolysis and subsequent
      electrophoresis or two-dimensional chromatography a major radioactive spot which
      was confirmed to be N-epsilon-[4-(-5aminovaleric acid)]lysine (ALA-lysine) by
      comparing its co-chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviour with the
      chemically synthesized ALA-lysine. An epsilon-NH2 group of lysine residue of
      porphobilinogen synthase, is thus the binding site of the substrate, 5
      aminolevulinic acid.

PMID- 153668
TI  - Quantification and localisation of SH-groups in human blood serum proteins.
AB  - The thiol groups of human blood serum proteins were determined after 24 hours
      interaction with dithionitrobenzoic-acid (DTNB) to an average of 538 +/- 60
      mumol/l serum. After treatment of the serum with [35S]DTNB, autoradiograms of the
      protein elpherograms revealed two main peaks: The first with 63% of total
      activity, in the albumin region, corresponding to 0.60 SH/mol, the second with
      23% of total activity, in the gamma-globulin range, corresponding to 2.2 SH/mol.
      After 30 minutes incubation with DTNB, or with p-chloromercuribenzoate (CMB), in
      freshly prepared pools of IgG only 0.2 SH/mol were found which is the expected
      value already known from the literature. Autoradiograms taken from serum protein
      elpherograms after interaction with [14C]CMB only show the main SH-peak in the
      albumin range. Thus it is concluded that the SH-peak in the gamma-globulin region
      after 24 hours incubation with [35S]DTNB is due to one highly labile S-S-bond
      which easily undergoes a disulfide exchange with DTNB.

PMID- 153670
TI  - [Ecological characteristics of Microsporum canis and the incidence of
      zooanthroponotic microsporosis].

PMID- 153669
TI  - Host factors involved in the growth of microvirid phage alpha 3.
AB  - Host factors involed in the growth of microvirid phage alpha3 were determined
      using various replication mutants of Escherichia coli. The viral multiplication
      was dependent on functional products of dnaE, dnaF(NRDA), DNAG, and dnaZ genes.
      Host functions directed by dnaA, so-alled dnaH, dnaI, and dnaP genes were
      dispensable for the viral growth. In contrast with phiZ174 and G4, alpha3 would
      grow sufficiently In dnaB and dnaC(D) mutants. The viral growth was not
      significantly affected by host polAts, seg, and groPC mutations.

PMID- 153671
TI  - ["Prestige" factor in anti-venereal disease propaganda].

PMID- 153672
TI  - [Treatment of children with chronic dermatoses at the Sochi-Matsesta health
      resort].

PMID- 153673
TI  - [Results of treatment of children with chronic recurrent dermatoses at the
      balneary "Khavatag"].

PMID- 153674
TI  - [Effect of decamethoxine on the structure and function of palatine tonsils in
      chronic tonsillitis].

PMID- 153675
TI  - [Mass examinations of the paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 153676
TI  - [Management of the work place. Erogonomics and occupational medicine for the
      benefit of prevention].
AB  - Between the state of well-being and that of illness, an intermediary state often
      occurs, characterized by feelings of uneasiness, fatigue and pains. The study of
      these intermediary states in function of the work load (posture, noises, heat,
      etc.) constitutes an important feature of ergonomics. In this study we present
      the results of two polls showing pains due to inappropriate postures. Many
      observations of occupational medicine lead us to believe that pathological
      troubles of rheumatic order (arthritis, periathritis, tendinitis, myalgias,
      arthroses) can appear as a result of inappropriate postures and repetitive
      movements over a number of years. Thus, the ergonomic analysis of the work place
      can help to determine the risk of illness.

PMID- 153677
TI  - [Insurance and preventive medicine].
AB  - Not only do insurance companies have to pay in case of death, injuries or
      disease, they are also concerned with their prevention. This is particularly true
      for the "Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund" (Caisse nationale suisse
      d'assurance en cas d'accidents--(CNA): for them the prevention of work related
      accidents and occupational diseases is required by law. Preventive activities in
      this area are very promising. The progress in the sickness insurance programmes
      for preventive medicine in the general population has, however, not been as
      successful. To date, the legislation denies payment for preventive medical care.
      Why is there this difference? In the case of accidents and occupational diseases,
      the cause of the pathologies are for the most part exogenous and develop in well
      known and controlled environments. In the case of disease or invalidity in the
      general population, the factors are in a large part endogenous and therefore very
      difficult to supervise, as they develop in much more complex and uncontrolled
      environments. Nevertheless progress has been done in this field as well. At
      present, some selected scientifically proven preventive examinations could be
      included in insurance programmes as part of a general plan and with strict
      quality control of laboratory findings.

PMID- 153678
TI  - [Animal experiment studies on the effect of intra-articular injections of
      antiphlogistic-antirheumatic agents on articular cartilage in vivo].
AB  - Animal experiments have shown that weekly intraarticular injections of various
      antiphlogistic/antirheumatic drugs into the knee joint induce progressive
      degenerative alterations in joint cartilage. The observed degenerations and
      destructions are most similar to the pathophysiology of osteoarthrosis in humans.
      By X-ray and macroscopic techniques the degenerative processes can be studied
      qualitatively and quantitatively. A decrease of joint space is a sensitive and
      early indicator of osteoarthrosis and showed that 10 weeks after intraarticular
      application of Ibuprofen, Phenylbutazone, Oxyphenbutazone, Flufenamic acid,
      Niflumic acid, Na-salicylate, Clofezone, Bumadizone and Dexamethasone the
      degenerative alterations in the injected knee joints were more severe than by
      applications of Chloroquine,D-penicillamine, Salicylamide and Indometacin. The
      degenerative effect on articular cartilage by the investigated drugs can be
      explained by their inhibitory potency on anabolic metabolism of connective
      tissue. The results of our animal experiments lead to the conclusion, that
      antiinflammatory drugs may also in man induce or accelerate degenerative joint
      diseases especially after long term treatment with high doses of these drugs.

PMID- 153679
TI  - Comparison of clofezone and diclofenac in the treatment of out-patients suffering
      from activated (painful) osteoarthrosis.
AB  - The effectiveness and acceptability of clofezone (Perclusone) were compared with
      those of diclofenac in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial on a
      group of 29 out-patients suffering from osteoarthrosis of the knee or hip.
      Clofezone was given at a daily dosage of 1200 mg during the first week and 600 mg
      during the second week; the corresponding dosages of diclofenac were 150 mg and
      75 mg. The duration of the trial was 6 weeks. In order to wash out previous
      medication, a placebo was given for one week before and after each medication
      period. Eight of the patients stopped taking their drug after 1--3 weeks, namely
      5 in the clofezone group and 3 in the diclofenac group, while one patient stopped
      taking the placebo. The principal reason for these stoppages was gastrointestinal
      intolerance. These 9 patients were disregarded in the evaluation of the trial
      results. This evaluation on the remaining 20 patients showed that clofezone
      brought about a significant improvement in respect of pain (both at rest and
      during movement), inflammation and mobility after two weeks' application. In the
      diclofenac group the only significant improvement after the same period was in
      respect of pain during movement. Statistical comparison of the two groups showed
      that the reduction in pain during movement and in inflammation was significantly
      greater under clofezone than under diclofenac and that clofezone had the longer
      lasting action. These findings are discussed in the light of the kinetic
      characteristics of the two drugs and of the mild antidepressant properties of
      clofezone. There was no significant difference between the two drugs as regards
      tolerance.

PMID- 153680
TI  - [Immunologic donor-recipient matching in living kidney transplantation].
AB  - The better results of transplantation in kidneys of relatives in contrast to
      cadaveric kidneys are above all traced back to a compatibility in the HLA-D-Locus
      which is more frequently present in relatives and which can be established by a
      lacking stimulation in the mixed culture of lymphocytes. Therefore, the selection
      of donor and recipient in transplantations of living kidneys where there is no
      pressure of time should apart from the serological standardization of lymphocytes
      should also comprise the mixed culture of lymphocytes lasting 5 to 7 days.

PMID- 153681
TI  - [Current pedodontics--a decision for tomorrow].

PMID- 153682
TI  - [The denist's finger eczema. Cause--diagnosis--therapy].

PMID- 153683
TI  - [Problems of primary disability and the rehabilation of the work disabled].

PMID- 153684
TI  - [Distribution of digestive organ diseases among preschool children].

PMID- 153685
TI  - [Status and measures for further improvement of the organization and for raising
      the quality of pulmonological care for the population in the RSFSR].

PMID- 153686
TI  - [Experience in organizing vaccinations against tetanus among adults].

PMID- 153687
TI  - [Work forms and methods for the district physician].

PMID- 153688
TI  - [Aptitude test].

PMID- 153689
TI  - [A time- and material-saving technic of abdominal-wall closure].

PMID- 153690
TI  - [Surgical management of abdominal-wall insufficiency in the female (report on 94
      cases)].
AB  - A clinical report is given on 94 cases of operative reconstruction of the
      anterior abdominal wall. There are medical and cosmetic indications. The
      morphological and functional results of these operations are good. Attending to
      the contraindications the number of dangerous complications in the postoperative
      course is low. No case of death was seen.

PMID- 153691
TI  - [Effect of proscillaridin on adenosine triphosphatase in kidney tissue in the
      rat. Electron microscopy demonstration and significance for calcium metabolism].

PMID- 153692
TI  - Comparative toxicity of trivalent and hexavalent chromium to rabbits. III.
      Biochemical and histological changes in testicular tissue.
AB  - The administration of trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds produced
      inhibition of the activity of succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase
      and acid phosphattase accompanied by cellular degeneration with complete absence
      of spermatocytes in the testis of rabbits. The biochemical and histological
      changes were more marked in the animals treated with the trivalent chromium than
      those exposed to hexavalent chromium and were progressive with the duration of
      exposure.

PMID- 153693
TI  - [Small-angle scattering of the quaternary structure of phosphofructokinase from
      baker's yeast].
AB  - The phosphofructokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.11) from baker's yeast was examined by means
      of small angle X-ray scattering in 0.1 M K-phosphate buffer, pH 7. A quaternary
      structure model was obtained from the comparison of the model scattering curve
      with the experimental one. The eight subunits of the yeast phosphofructokinase
      are arranged in a D2-symmetry. The proposed scattering equivalent model
      corresponds to a structural description with a resolution of 2.5 nm. Models with
      a C8-symmetry and D4-symmetry can be ruled out.

PMID- 153694
TI  - Relationships between association state and enzymic activity of human erythrocyte
      phosphofructokinase.
AB  - Human erythrocyte phosphofructokinase has been subjected to active band
      centrifugation and stability measurements over a broad range of conditions. The
      enzyme behaves differently in-Tris buffer containing ATP and phosphate buffer
      containing fructose 6-phosphate. In the first buffer, dissociation is favoured
      and after prolonged storage of the enzyme tetramers represent the highest state
      of association. At 4 degrees C the enzyme exhibits the phenomenon of reversible
      cold-inactivation. This property is attributed to slow dissociation of the active
      associated states of the enzyme to dimers. The cold-inactivated enzyme can be
      reactivated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Inorganic phosphate and fructose 6
      phosphate have been found to protect the enzyme from cold-inactivation. Under
      these conditions, the sedimentation coefficient and the specific activity depend
      on the enzyme concentration only. The specific activity does not change on
      storage of the diluted enzyme at 4 degrees C. At 20 degrees C, however, a slow
      activation proceeds during incubation of the diluted enzyme. The correlations
      between the association state and the enzymic activity are discussed.

PMID- 153695
TI  - Association behaviour of human erythrocyte phosphofructokinase. Dependence of
      molecular weight on enzyme concentration as analyzed by frontal gel
      chromatography.
AB  - Self-association of human erythrocyte phosphofructokinase has been studied at pH
      8.0 and at 4 degrees C in the presence of 2 mM fructose 6-phosphate by means of
      frontal gel chromatography. Under these conditions the basic associating
      catalytically active species is the tetramer of the enzyme with a molecular
      weight of about 330000, the monomers of which having a molecular weight of 83000
      as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis. The experimental data
      have been compared with various models describing the enzyme association. The
      mode of association can sufficiently be described by assuming a weakly negative
      cooperative process in which the association constant of the nucleation step
      (association of two tetramers to an octamer) is larger than that of the following
      propagation steps. The geometry of association appears to be approximately
      spherical.

PMID- 153696
TI  - [Granulocyte chalone: tissue specificity of action in short-term cultures].
AB  - Granulocytic chalone containing extracts were obtained by incubating rat bone
      marrow cells in Hanks salt solution and further purification of the conditioned
      medium by ultrafiltration and gel chromatography. These extracts cause specific
      inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation in short-term cultures of rat bone
      marrow and murine myeloic leukemias. Ehrlich ascites tumour, spleen (mouse),
      lymphatic leukemia L1210 and melanoma AMel 3 (hamster) are not influenced under
      identical experimental conditions. Comparing the action of cell proliferation
      inhibitors (chalones) from Ehrlich ascites tumour and spleen lymphocytes it was
      shown that inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation occurs only with those cells
      corresponding to the origin of the inhibitor. Therefore, the described short-term
      cultures seem to be suitable for testing the tissue specificity of action, as the
      main criterion for authenticity of the chalone effect, at least in the case of
      granulocytic chalone.

PMID- 153697
TI  - [Evaluation of Arteparon therapy for large joint arthroses (author's transl)].

PMID- 153699
TI  - The behaviour of some enzymes in the mouse liver due to chronic benzene
      intoxication.
AB  - 1. Long trem benzene action brings about a permanent decrease in oxidoreductive
      enzymes and active transport as well as an inactivation of the lysosomal
      apparatus in liver-cells. 2. Particular liver lobule zones show different
      sensitivity to toxic action of benzene which might result from their different
      role in the processes of benzene biotransformation.

PMID- 153698
TI  - Achilles tendon injury. II. Structure of tenotomized rabbit crural muscles after
      primary and delayed tendon suture.
AB  - This investigation was designed to study the long-term effects of surgical
      treatment, as recommended and followed in clinical practice, on the fine
      structure of rabbit crural muscles after Achilles tenotomy. Two main results were
      made: (A) Even after 12 weeks of mobilization a number of morphological changes
      were found, especially in the soleus muscles. These abnormalities were similar to
      those found in human soleus muscles after surgically treated Achilles tendon
      rupture. (B) There were a large number of small heavily stained (for myofibrillar
      ATPase at pH 9.4) fibres in the experimental soleus muscles, such that the normal
      ratio of fibre types was reversed. This was apparent if tendon suture had been
      performed after a delay of 3 weeks. The results suggested that as a consequence
      of the de- and regenerative events, induced by immobilization or tenotomy plus
      immobilization, a number of new fibres had been formed. Some of these were so
      short that they were out of reach of nerve terminals and remained non-innervated.
      Furthermore, from the point of view of clinical practice, the extensive long-term
      effects of suture delay make themselves manifest not until at least a delay of
      one week.

PMID- 153700
TI  - Electron microscopic localization of Mg2+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase
      activity in the amphibian pancreas (Salamandra salamandra L. and Rana esculenta
      L.).
AB  - The ultrastructural distribution of Mg2+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase
      (ATPase) activity has been investigated in the salamander and frog pancreas by
      using glutaraldehyde fixations and a modified Wachstein-Meisel reaction medium.
      In both species the reaction product (lead phosphate) was found associated with
      the plasma membrane external side of all islet cell types (B-, A- and D-cells)
      and of acinar and ductular/centro-acinar cells. Except the apical pole of
      salamander acinar and centro-acinar cells, usually devoid of reaction, no
      preferential distribution of enzyme activity depending on endocrine or exocrine
      cell aspects could be observed. Other specific enzyme localizations included the
      mitochondria matrices, nucleoles, condensed nuclear chromatin, periaxolemmal
      spaces in nerve bundles and sometimes the cleft of neuro-glandular junctions. The
      occurrence of reaction deposits in connective tissue, in the cytoplasm of both
      islet and exocrine cells and in the nerve fiber axoplasm was considered as a
      possible diffusion artifact. The reaction intensity, but not its distribution,
      varied sensibly with the incubation period. 2-iodoacetamide and p
      chlormercuribenzoic acid decreased the amount of reaction deposits at the level
      of all reactive sites and especially in mitochondria. The specificity of Mg2+ 
      ATPase demonstration in this paper is analysed taking into account several
      inherent shortcomings of the Wachstein-Meisel incubation medium and of the
      fixative. The different enzyme localizations, as well as their functional
      significances are discussed in relation with the findings of other authors.

PMID- 153701
TI  - Effect of intravenous calcium load on the serum calcium level in postmenopausal
      osteoporosis (a study of the pathogenesis, and diagnostic use of the test).
AB  - Analysis of calcium tolerance in suggested to represent a valuable diagnostic aid
      in osteoporosis, particulary in the menopause. The serum calcium level was found
      to exceed 11.0 mg/dl 60 min after the intravenous injection of 3.6 mg per kg body
      weight of Ca++ in all patients with osteoporosis, while the level was normal at
      that point of time in every subject without osteoporosis, including patients with
      bone disease other than osteoporosis. Administration of norandrosterone decanoate
      or dehydroepinandrosterone to patients with menopausal osteoporosis resulted in
      normalization of the post-load hypercalcaemia. Calcium tolerance of menopausal
      patients without osteoporosis was not affected by dehydroepiandrosterone.

PMID- 153702
TI  - Morphology and enzyme activities of the retinal capillaries in mice with the
      obese-hyperglycaemic syndrome (gene symbol ob).
AB  - The retinal capillary bed from 67 obese-hyperglycaemic mice and 64 lean litter
      mates was isolated by trypsin digestion and investigated with respect to
      structure and enzyme activities. There was no significant difference in the ratio
      between numbers of endothelial and mural cells. The capillary walls did not show
      any obvious structural differences and microaneurysms were not observed. The
      retinal vessels from the obese-hyperglycaemic mice, however, displayed
      significantly higher activities of the enzymes hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase,
      asparate aminotransferase (ASAT) and adenylate kinase than their lean litter
      mates. The activities of glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (G-6-PDH) and phosphofructokinase were similar in the two experimental groups. It
      is suggested that the present data reflect early metabolic disturbances related
      to diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 153703
TI  - Histiocytosis X. IV--Immunologic response assessed by lymphocyte transformation
      tests.
AB  - Eight children with histiocytosis X were investigated with reference to
      immunologic reactivity in vitro (PHA, PWM, Con-A and MLC testing). No significant
      impairment of immune function was detected, but a subnormal (statistically
      insignificant) response in the MLC test may suggest some abnormality of the T
      lymphocytes reacting against allogeneic cells. In a patient who relapsed a
      marked, but insignificant, increase in lymphocyte reactivity in vitro was
      observed.

PMID- 153704
TI  - Phosphofructokinase.

PMID- 153705
TI  - Experimental transplantation and histocompatibility systems in the canine
      species.

PMID- 153706
TI  - Gray scale features of hematomas: an ultrasonic spectrum.
AB  - Forty-eight B-scan ultrasound examinations were performed on 25 patients with
      hematomas. Hematomas are usually spherical or ovoid within the abdomen, and
      lentiform within the pleural space or abdominal wall. They generally decrease in
      size with time, and usually have irregular walls. Hematomas contain a variable
      amount of internal echoes during the first month, and then gradually become
      anechoic. The sonographic appearance is not specific; an abscess may have a
      similar appearance. An old, anechoic hematoma may contain a gelatinous material
      which cannot be aspirated.

PMID- 153708
TI  - Clinical pathologic conference.

PMID- 153707
TI  - Relationship of atrial fibrillatory wave amplitude to left atrial size and
      etiology of heart disease. An old generalization re-examined.
AB  - It is commonly stated that coarse f waves in atrial fibrillation suggest the
      presence of rheumatic heart disease and large left atrial size, whereas fine f
      waves indicate non-rheumatic disease and small left atrial size. Using
      echocardiography as a more reliable indicator of left atrial size, 37 consecutive
      patients with chronic atrial fibrillation were evaluated. The correlation
      coefficients between left atrial size and maximum f wave amplitude was -0.12 and 
      0.07, using average f wave amplitude. Only 53 per cent (9 of 17) of patients with
      rheumatic heart disease had f wave greater than 1 mm. and 56 per cent (10 of 18)
      of patients with f wave size less than or equal to 1 mm. had non-rheumatic
      disease. This study refutes the contention that the f wave amplitude in atrial
      fibrillation is correlated with either left atrial size or etiology of heart
      disease. It is possible that an intra-atrial conduction defect is responsible for
      coarse f wave morphology.

PMID- 153709
TI  - Noninvasive diagnostic techniques in peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 153710
TI  - Echocardiographic analysis of left atrial size before and after operation in
      mitral valve disease.

PMID- 153711
TI  - Myocardial dysfunction without coronary artery disease in diabetic renal failure.

PMID- 153712
TI  - Case report: mesangial IgA-IgG deposition in mixed cryoglobulinemia.
AB  - Glomerular deposits of immunoglobulin A (IgA) (and immunoglobulin G [IgG]) has
      been described in IgA-nephropathy (Berger's disease), in anaphylactoid purpura,
      and systemic lupus erythematosus. The pathogenesis of mesangial IgA deposits in
      these disease states is unclear. Circulating immune complexes have been
      speculated to be involved although their existence in blood in IgA nephropathies
      have never been reported. We describe a 53-year-old man who presented with a
      petechial rash in lower extremities accompanied by painful swelling of left ankle
      and wrist. Polyclonal elevation of IgA and IgG in serum was found, along with
      cryoglobulins containing IgA and IgG (rheumatoid factor positive). After two
      years, hematuria, mild proteinuria, and active urinary sediment developed and
      renal biopsy revealed focal proliferative changes. Immunofluorescence revealed
      predominantly mesangial deposits of IgA and IgG but no IgM nor complement. This
      experience suggests that circulating complexes consisting of IgA and IgG may lead
      to renal lesions presenting clinically and histologically in a way similar to
      that commonly seen in IgA nephropathies.

PMID- 153713
TI  - Sampling the fetoplacental circulation. III. Combined laparoscopy-fetoscopy in
      the pregnant macaque for hemoglobin identification.
AB  - To demonstrate increased technical experience with fetoscopy and fetal blood
      sampling, two groups of macaques were compared to control animals. Group 2 had a
      perinatal mortality rate that was not significantly different from that of the
      control group. A 2.7 mm. Hopkins rod lens endoscope encased in an eccentric
      cannula, 3.8 mm. outside diameter, was used. When compared to the earlier test
      group (Group 1), the later test group (Group 2) showed greater adequacy of the
      fetal blood sample for laboratory analysis (P less than 0.01). Anthropometric and
      hematologic data collected at term births compared favorably in test and control
      groups, with the exception of the white blood cell count, which was significantly
      lower with fetoscopy (P less than 0.01). This is the first report of experimental
      fetoscopy with the use of a control group to provide precise data to aid in
      clarification of the ethical issues yet unresolved in this technology.

PMID- 153714
TI  - Development of pulmonary arterial changes in rats fed Crotalaria spectabilis.
AB  - The early changes in pulmonary artery structure and the timing and development of
      right ventricular hypertrophy were examined in rats after ingestion of Crotalaria
      spectabilis; the arteries were distended with a Micropaque--gelatin mixture. The
      earliest change, detected at Day 3, is the appearance of new muscle in normally
      nonmuscular arteries. Increased medial wall thickness of the normally muscular
      arteries is apparent from Day 7, reaching significance in the smaller arteries
      from Day 10 and in the larger arteries from Day 14. A reduction in number of
      small, filled peripheral arteries is apparent at Day 14 and is significant at Day
      21 as is the increase in the ratio of alveoli to arteries per unit area of
      section. Right ventricular hypertrophy is detected and significant at Day 21 and,
      like all the arterial changes, continues to increase to Day 35. Hypoxia produces
      similar changes to those described above, although without the inflammation seen
      after Crotalaria ingestion, but the time table is different. New muscle appears
      in both models at the same time, but the other changes appear more slowly after
      ingestion of Crotalaria spectabilis.

PMID- 153715
TI  - Calcium transport ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum in experimental
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 153716
TI  - The effect of EMG biofeedback on postoperative pain following abdominal surgery.
AB  - To investigate the effects of electromyography (EMG)-biofeedback on pain
      experienced during the immediate post-operative period following abdominal
      surgery, twelve patients were randomly assigned to either (1) EMG-biofeedback
      from abdominal muscles; (2) EMG-biofeedback from the frontalis muscles; or (3)
      were given no EMG treatment. EMG training consisted on one pre-operative 30
      minute session, and three 30 minute postoperative sessions. All patients were
      able to reduce EMG activity. A within-sessions analysis of pain reports (on a 0
      10 pain intensity scale) indicated that EMG biofeedback is an effective method of
      pain relief only when feedback is given to the muscle site involved in the
      operation.

PMID- 153717
TI  - Hypoxia with a third flowmeter tube on the anaesthetic machine.
AB  - Hypoxic mixtures of oxygen and nitrous oxide were demonstrated with three
      anaesthesia machines which had cyclopropane flowmeters. In one machine the bobbin
      did not prevent back flow and the hypoxic mixture occurred when the cyclopropane
      flow control was left open. Two other machines only delivered hypoxic mixtures if
      the cyclopropane bobbins were removed from their seats and the flow controls
      opened. The vaporizer on one machine increased the hypoxia when turned on.

PMID- 153718
TI  - An Mg2+ and Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase in human prostatic fluid-
      part II.

PMID- 153719
TI  - Electromagnetic measurements of metacarpal and digital blood flow in the pony.

PMID- 153720
TI  - Combination of Spigelian and Richter's hernias: a case report.
AB  - Spigelian and Richter's hernias, individually, are both moderately rare. To
      encounter a patient having both of these surgical diseases as a single entity is
      indeed unique. Such a patient with an acute partial enterocele of cecum
      (Richter's hernia) strangulated in a lateral ventral musculoaponeurotic defect
      (Spigelian hernia) was successfully treated with wedge cecectomy and simple
      herniorraphy.

PMID- 153721
TI  - [Dietary protein levels, and experimental inflammation in the rat].
AB  - The inflammatory response was studied using the contents (mucopolysaccharides and
      collagen of granuloma induced by turpentine in rats fed for 28 days after
      weaning), with semi-synthetic, isocaloric diets containing 0, 3.5, 9, 26 or 81%
      protein in the form of casein or with a laboratory chow. When the wet and dry
      weights and the water content of the granuloma are expressed in absolute values
      they show a substantial drop when the protein intake is low or excessive. If
      however the wet weight of the granuloma is expressed per 100 g of body weight,
      the differences become no longer significant, hence the importance of the
      nutritional state of the animal at the time of investigation. Using this test of
      the anti-inflammatory action of substances, it is necessary to differenciate
      between actual anti-inflammatory action and direct or secondary effects of the
      substance on the growth and behaviour of the animal. The levels of
      mucopolysaccharide drop in rats fed on hypo or hyper-proteinic diets, this would
      seem to be a sign of the decrease in the intensity of the anti-inflammatory
      response. What is more, the collagen itself undergoes modifications; there is a
      shift towards greater solubility of the fractions which would seem to indicate
      that a drop or a increase in the protein intake brings about a change in the
      processes of reticulation and maturation of the collagen; several hypothesis can
      be put forward to explain this phenomenon.

PMID- 153723
TI  - [Alopecia areata and trisomy 21. About 2 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of alopecia areata coexisting with trisomy 21 are reported. In the
      first case, the two diseases were associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in
      the second, with vitiligo. Pathogenic implications are discussed.

PMID- 153722
TI  - [Researches on the physiopathologic effects of rapeseed oil with high and low
      erucic acid content].
AB  - The physiopathological effects were studied of a common high erucic acid rapeseed
      oil as well as of Janpol, a low erucic acid oil produced of a rapeseed variety
      selected in Poland. Its erucic acid content equals 2.8% of total fatty acids. The
      studies were carried out on white male Wistar rats, 25 days old at the beginning
      of experiment. These animals were divided into 6 groups fed the diets in which 10
      or 20% of kcal well supplied either by high erucic acid rapeseed oil, by Janpol
      rapeseed oil, or by the sunflower oil. The experiment lasted 6 months. Following
      parameters were determined: increase in body weight, the weight of selected
      organs, blood serum alkaline phosphatase and pseudocholinesterase activities,
      blood serum cholesterol and triglycerides level, the content of corticosterone in
      the adrenal glands and blood plasma. The liver was studied histochemically for
      the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases and of ATP-ase, as well as for the
      presence of lipids. Morphological studies of the myocardium comprised
      macroscopic, histological and electron microscopic investigation. The low erucic
      acid rapeseed oil Janpol seems to evoke less disturbances than the high erucic
      acid one. Supplied in the amount corresponding to 10% of total calories intake
      the former exerts the effect on the biochemical and morphological parameters
      similar to that of sunflower oil. It can be thus assumed that the low erucic acid
      rapeseed oil Janpol can be used in the feeding of man when served in the amount
      lower than 10% of total calories.

PMID- 153724
TI  - [Malignant atrophying papulosis (Degos' disease) (author's transl)].
AB  - From 74 observations, 55 p. 100 of which caused death by intestinal lesions, the
      author searches, through the symptomatology of the disease, for possible factors
      of prognosis. No relation between the importance of cutaneous symptoms and the
      appearance of intestinal symptoms has been found. There is no constancy in the
      chronological evolution of the lesions. The interest of laparoscopy is
      emphasized. No biological constant seems specific of the disease. A few modest
      arguments are suggestive of an auto-immune disease. In spite of a varied range of
      therapeutic orientations, none of them could prove to be efficient, not even
      heparinotherapy.

PMID- 153725
TI  - Evaluation of the ventricular septum by biventricular cineangiography in
      congestive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies.

PMID- 153726
TI  - Isolation and identification of the cytoplasmic membrane from Saccharomyces
      carlsbergensis by radioactive labeling.
AB  - The cytoplasmic membrane of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis was isolated by
      enzymatic digestion of the yeast cell wall, followed by lysis of the protoplasts
      and fractionation by ultracentrifugation in a discontinuous sucrose density
      gradient. Location of the cytoplasmic membrane fraction on the sucrose gradient
      was made by labeling intact protoplasts with [G-3H]dansyl chloride, and was
      settled at the 50% (wt/vol) sucrose gradient (d = 1.186 g/cm3). Approximately 80%
      of the radioactivity was found in the membrane fraction prepared in the presence
      of Mg2+ ions. However, when protease inhibitors were used in the preparation
      step, the membrane fraction contained over 90% of the total radioactivity. The
      presence of Mg2+ ions during membrane isolation and purification enhanced the
      aggregation of membrane components but, at higher concentrations, as well as in
      the prolonged presence of Mg2+ ions in the membrane suspension, it caused the
      breakdown of membrane components. The membrane preparation contained Mg2+
      adenosine triphosphatase, which was insensitive to oligomycin and ouabain. The
      distribution of Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase in different fractions during
      sucrose gradient is reported.

PMID- 153727
TI  - Small-angle X-ray scattering of phosphofructokinase from Dunaliella salina.

PMID- 153728
TI  - Comparative studies of detergent effects on the calcium adenosine triphosphatase
      of sarcoplasmic reticulum: protein isolation, lipid exchange and enzyme transport
      function.

PMID- 153729
TI  - Iodochlorhydroxyquin-hydrocortisone treatment of fungal infections. Double-blind
      trial.
AB  - A double-blind multicenter study compared the antifungal effectiveness of an
      iodochlorhydroxyquin-hydrocoritsone cream with that of its individual components
      in 354 patients with cutaneous fungal infections. After seven days of treatment,
      the combination was considerably better than hydrocortisone or the cream vehicle
      with respect to erythema, scaling, itching, and patients' and physicians'
      evaluations. The proportion of patients in the iodochlorhydroxyquin
      hydrocortisone and iodochlorhydroxyquin groups who changed from positive results
      on potassium hydroxide examination at baseline to negative results on potassium
      hydroxide examination after treatment was significantly greater than that in the
      hydrocortisone and placebo groups. The conversion rate associated with the
      iodochlorhydroxyquin-hydrocortisone and the iodochlorhydroxyquin treatments was
      significantly different from that associated with hydrocortisone alone or placebo
      treatment.

PMID- 153730
TI  - Zinc sulfate in acne vulgaris.
AB  - The effects of orally administered zinc sulfate in 52 patients with mild to
      moderate acne vulgaris were compared to those of a placebo capsule. The numbers
      of comedones, papules, pustules, infiltrates, and cysts were counted at each
      visit over a 12-week period. Forty patients completed the study. Zinc appeared to
      have a somewhat beneficial effect on pustules but not on comedones, papules,
      infiltrates, or cysts. Fourteen patients (50%) in the zinc group had side effects
      of nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Six patients (21%) in the zinc group could not
      tolerate the nausea and withdrew from the study.

PMID- 153731
TI  - Florid cutaneous papillomatosis.
AB  - The abrupt onset of acanthosis nigricans (AN) or of multiple seborrheic keratoses
      in middle-aged or older people is often associated with underlying malignant
      neoplasms. We describe a 64-year-old woman who developed a large number of
      verrucous papillomas on the trunk and extremities, followed within a few months
      by the sudden appearance of both the lesions of AN and those of multiple
      seborrheic keratoses. Laparotomy disclosed a gastric adenocarcinoma. A number of
      similar cases have been described in the literature. It is emphasized that
      patients with suddenly appearing verrucous papillomas should be examined
      carefully for an underlying cancer. To call attention to this eruption, which may
      be mistaken for generalized warts, we suggest the term "florid cutaneous
      papillomatosis".

PMID- 153732
TI  - Familial comedones. Evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance.
AB  - Thirteen members of a family had multiple comedones. Three other relatives were
      also ascertained to be affected. This peculiar dermatosis affected both sexes and
      was present in one individual as young as 10 years of age. The lesions were more
      numerous in male family members, increasing in number with age. The pedigree
      showed a definite pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance.

PMID- 153733
TI  - Urticarial vasculitis: report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - A woman with cutaneous vasculitis had a severe bullous eruption that was
      suggestive of erythema multiforme. The patient also had a history of recurrent
      urticaria that continued intermittently for over a year of follow-up examination.
      Skin biopsy specimens of both urticarial and erythema and multiforme lesions
      showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. An illness resembling systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) is suggested by transient, low-titer, positive antinuclear
      antibody tests, persistent deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in normal
      skin, arthralgias, circulating immune complexes, and chronic hypocomplementemia.
      This case is similar to cases previously reported as "hypocomplementemic
      vasculitis," an "unusual SLE-related syndrome," and "urticaria with vasculitis."

PMID- 153734
TI  - Autogenous profundaplasty: The key to long-term patency in secondary repair of
      aortofemoral graft occlusion.
AB  - The records of 281 patients undergoing aortic grafting to 522 femoral arteries
      over a period of 18 years were reviewed. Fifty-four patients suffering graft limb
      occlusion to 71 femoral arteries requiring subsequent secondary repair were
      identified for detailed analysis. Occlusive disease of the profunda femoris
      artery was identified as the primary cause of thrombosis. Repair consisted of
      profunda femoris angioplasty, and transfemoral retrograde graft thrombectomy was
      possible in all but three instances which were managed by cross-over femoral
      femoral bypass. In no instance was laparotomy and abdominal graft replacement
      necessary. The 30 day operative survival and graft patency were 100%. Analysis of
      factors that have influenced late graft patency demonstrated that the key factors
      were the method of profundaplasty and the association of diabetes mellitus. When
      autogenous profundaplasty (on-lay arterial patches, saphenous vein, or limited
      endarterectomy) was employed, the overall patency combining diabetics and non
      diabetics was two and one-half times greater than when profundaplasty was
      performed with an on-lay Dacron((R)) patch. If diabetics were separated from
      nondiabetics in the autogenous angioplasty group, the 36 month patency for non
      diabetics was 85%, and 0% for diabetics. We conclude that autogenous
      profundaplasty provides considerable advantage from the standpoint of long-term
      patency and that the diabetic patients are relatively poor candidates for
      secondary arterial repair of an occluded aortofemoral bypass graft.

PMID- 153735
TI  - 6-Chloro-2(1-piperazinyl) quinoxaline (CPQ): action on serotonin-induced
      behavioral responses and interactions with chloromethamphetamine and dimethyl
      meta-tyramine.
AB  - 6-Chloro-2(1-piperazinyl) quinoxaline (CPQ) was examined pharmacologically and
      biochemically as an inhibitor of the neuronal reuptake of serotonin, dopamine and
      norepinephrine. The compound was 25-50 times more potent than chlorimipramine in
      potentiating the head-twitch response to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and in
      antagonizing p-chloromethamphetamine (PCMA)-induced depletion of brain serotonin
      in rats. CPQ also potentiated the forepaw clonus produced by 5HTP in rats and
      antagonized PCMA-induced head twitches. At dose levels 30 times those necessary
      to significantly affect serotoninergic systems, CPQ was ineffective in
      antagonizing either tetrabenazine-induced sedation in mice or the depletion of
      rat brain and heart norepinephrine or brain dopamine produced by 4, alpha
      dimethylmeta-tyramine (H77/77). The data indicate that CPQ exhibits a high degree
      of potency and selectivity in inhibiting the neuronal reuptake of serotonin.

PMID- 153736
TI  - Possible mechanisms of sustained tremor induction by nicotine in pilocarpine
      treated animals.
AB  - Alterations of steady state and metabolism of putative neurotransmitters were
      studied in the brain of rats with a sustained tremor evoked by nicotine and
      pilocarpine. The norepinephrine content in several brain regions was decreased
      whereas striatal dopamine was unchanged. Homovanillic acid concentrations were
      slightly increased, while 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations were markedly
      increased. Pilocarpine alone increased the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) turnover
      rate at high ambient temperature (30-32 degrees C), but not at normal ambient
      temperature (22 +/- 2 degrees C), atropine partially blocked the increase of 5-HT
      turnover rate by pilocarpine. Pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine and
      hemicholinium-3 decreased the tremor intensity elicited by nicotine and
      pilocarpine . It is proposed that the increase of cholinergic function caused by
      nicotine and the activation of muscarinic receptors and the increase in 5-HT
      function caused by pilocarpine might be involved in the mechanisms of tremor
      induction by nicotine and pilocarpine.

PMID- 153737
TI  - Differential deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis during microcycle conidiation in
      Neurospora crassa.
AB  - In conidia of Neurospora crassa germinating at 25 degrees C, DNA synthesis
      measured by incorporation of tritiated adenosine reaches a maximum soon after the
      outgrowth of the germ tube (6--7 h after inoculation). In conidia heat-treated at
      46 degrees C (for 15 h), a maximum of incorporation of the DNA precursor occurs
      already 1 h after inoculation, then the incorporation progressively declines
      until the end of the heat-shock. When such conidia are shifted to 25 degrees C, a
      maximum of DNA synthesis occurs during the development of the presumptive
      conidiophore as at the outgrowth of normal germ tubes. This wave of DNA synthesis
      is followed by a second maximum of DNA synthesis, occurring only in the
      microcyclized cultures, when the premature differentiation of proconidia takes
      place. Prevention of this second wave of DNA synthesis with hydroxyurea or 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine respectively reduces or fully inhibits such induced conidial
      differentiation.

PMID- 153738
TI  - Stress management training for the handicapped.
AB  - Stress Management Training (SMT) is described for teaching handicapped patients
      the use of relaxation as a coping skill. The procedure combines progressive
      muscle relaxation and clinical meditation into a standardized but flexible 8
      session protocol. The training consists of 3 components: First, the patient is
      given a cognitive understanding of stress and relaxation. Second, the patient is
      taught to relax by controlling muscle tension and sympathetic activation. Third,
      the patient adapts the relaxation skill to real-life stress situations. Case
      reports demonstrating the process are included. Methods of assessing outcome and
      adaptations for particular handicaps are described.

PMID- 153739
TI  - [Extrafusal muscle fibers, their types and biological characteristics].

PMID- 153740
TI  - [Histochemical data on changes of various indicators of protein metabolism in the
      myocardium beyond the infarct zone].
AB  - Changes in some values of protein metabolism in the heart muscle (the activity of
      myosin ATPase, leucilaminopeptidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as the
      content of SH-groups, urea, RNA and DNA) were studied by histochemical methods in
      the parts of the myocardium remote from the zone of the ligated coronary artery.
      Disorders in the metabolism of nucleic acids were found to consist in nuclear
      polymorphism and in the development of regressive changes in some nuclei down to
      necrobiosis as well as in a decrease of the RNA content within the first 12 hours
      after ligation of the coronary artery. Subsequently, the amount of RNA increased.
      An increase in the amount of SH-groups, in the activity of leucilaminopeptidase
      and a decrease in the amount of glutamate dehydrogenase, formation of crystals of
      xanthhydrolurea as well as in increase in the activity of myosin ATP-ase early in
      the experiment attest to the occurrence of heterogeneous disorders of protein
      metabolism in parts of the myocardium beyond the infarction zone.

PMID- 153741
TI  - [Mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with DNA repair].
AB  - The paper presents data from the literature and the author's own materials on the
      correlation between the extent of activity of reparation processes and the
      development of cell malignization. A review cites the results of investigations
      on the molecular mechanisms in some hereditary human diseases in which a defect
      in some stages of the reparation processes has been found (xeroderma, ataxia
      telangesthesia. Fanconi anemia, Down's syndrome, etc.). These diseases are also
      characterized by a high rate of neoplasia development. It is emphasized that
      inhibition of the reparation process is observed only in the first stages of
      normal cell transformation into a malignant one. A correlation between
      carcinogenic and mutagenic activity of chemical compounds which is in favour of
      the mutation hypothesis of the origin of tumours is discussed.

PMID- 153742
TI  - [Solomon Samuilovich Vail' (on his 80th birthday)].

PMID- 153743
TI  - Orthopaedic pitfalls.
AB  - When presented with an orthopaedic problem, rational management cannot occur
      without a reasonable diagnosis. Such a diagnosis can only be made by listening to
      the patient's history, and by examining him with a clear knowledge of important
      and relevant anatomy. Such relevant anatomy has been outlined in order to make
      sense of the symptom complexes in: --arm pain --knee pain --back pain without
      sciatica --back pain with sciatica The behaviour of collagen, which takes three
      weeks to heal and at least three weeks more to strengthen, is the basis of
      rational treatment of ligamentous injuries. Advice is given on specific
      situations to avoid the pitfalls of treatment which is too much, too little, too
      late or too soon.

PMID- 153744
TI  - A new modification for the Pozzi self-retaining retractor.

PMID- 153746
TI  - Isoenzyme composition of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase in developing rats
      after treatment with cortisol, alpha-methylphenylalanine and p
      chlorophenylalanine in vivo.

PMID- 153745
TI  - Isolation and properties of brain alpha-actinin.
AB  - alpha-Actinin isolated from bovine brain migrated on sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis like muscle alpha-actinin with an
      apparent mol.wt. of 100000 and cross-reacted with antibodies to muscle alpha
      actinin. Brain alpha-actinin modulated actin-myosin Mg2+-activated adenosine
      triphosphatase activity and, when bound by polystyrene particles, was found to
      bind muscle actin and tropomyosin from solution. Brain alpha-actinin, in
      conjunction with the other components of the contractile and relaxing complex,
      may play a role in the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles.

PMID- 153747
TI  - Ultrastructural and functional differences in mitochondria isolated from
      Paramecium aurelia grown axenically and monoxenically.

PMID- 153748
TI  - Effects of general anesthetics on lipid protein interactions and ATPase activity
      in mitochondria.

PMID- 153749
TI  - Studies of immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. I.
      Dysfunction of suppressor T-cell activity related to impaired generation of,
      rather than response to, suppressor cells.
AB  - T cell suppressor function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      was evaluated by studying the ability of concanavalin A- (Con A) activated T
      cells to suppress proliferative responses by responder cells autologous with the
      Con A-activated T cells. Impaired suppressor T-cell activity in patients with SLE
      was observed with regard to three effector functions: 1) the allogeneic response
      of T cells, 2) the Con A response of T cells, and 3) the B cell response to
      pokeweed mitogen (PWM). No defect was found with regard to suppression of the T
      cell response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Mixing experiments between SLE and
      normal cells were carried out to further define the nature of the SLE suppressor
      defect. When responder cells from SLE patients were cultured with Con A-activated
      T cells from normal controls, the normal suppressor T cells caused suppression of
      SLE responder cells. In contrast, Con A-activated T cells from SLE patients were
      incapable of exerting suppressor effects on normal responder cells. These
      observations indicate that the impaired suppressor activity in SLE patients
      resides in the generation of suppressor T cells, rather than in the response to
      suppressor T cell signals.

PMID- 153750
TI  - Mixed lymphocyte reaction in healthy women with rheumatoid factor. Lack of
      association with HLA-Dw4.
AB  - In independent studies, 51% and 36% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have
      been shown to possess HLA-Dw4 compared to 7% and 13% of controls. In one study
      Dw4 positive patients more frequently had rheumatoid factor in their sera than
      did Dw4 negative patients. In order to determine if the Dw4 specificity is
      associated with the disease or with the presence of rheumatoid factor, the
      frequency of this HLA antigen has been determined in 24 healthy women known to
      have rheumatoid factor (median titer 1:160). Only 3 were found to have the Dw4
      specificity, suggesting that this specificity is not associated with rheumatoid
      factor in the absence of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 153751
TI  - [Analysis of the present status of malaria in the Region].

PMID- 153752
TI  - [The cost of malaria and its control in relation to the socioeconomic reality].

PMID- 153753
TI  - [Malaria: recent advances and research for the near future].

PMID- 153754
TI  - [Organization and methods for the maximum utilization of resources in the fight
      against malaria].

PMID- 153755
TI  - [Coverage of the general health services in rural areas and their relation with
      the malaria programs].

PMID- 153756
TI  - [Evaluation in nursing: aspects of services and education].

PMID- 153757
TI  - [Salmonella in hospital food handlers].

PMID- 153759
TI  - [Immunization against malaria and its possible effects on the control of the
      disease].

PMID- 153758
TI  - [Nutrition, malnutrition and behavior].

PMID- 153760
TI  - [Incidence of dental caries in permanent 1st molars in school children of Bauru,
      Sao Paulo State, Brazil].

PMID- 153761
TI  - [Incorporation of glycine-U-14C in urinary allantoin in the nicotinamide-treated
      rat].

PMID- 153762
TI  - [The sleep of the chronic chorea patient after pimozide therapy].

PMID- 153763
TI  - Comparison of Tretinoin and a composite formulation in the treatment of acne.

PMID- 153764
TI  - Testosterone production with hydatidiform moles--in vitro and in vivo studies.
AB  - Fresh molar tissues obtained from seven patients were incubated in vitro with
      dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione. The testosterone concentration in
      molar tissue ranged from 5.4 ng/g wet weight to 43.8 ng/g wet weight. Both
      precursors were readily converted to testosterone indicating that 17
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase are present
      in molar trophoblast. A 50 mg dose of dehydroepiandrosterone was infused into
      patients with hydatidiform mole before and after uterine evacuation. There was a
      testosterone peak preceding an oestrogen rise which disappeared after uterine
      evacuation. It is suggested that the elevated testosterone level in molar
      pregnancy is mainly due to the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone in the molar
      trophoblast.

PMID- 153765
TI  - Ionic charge on phospholipids and their interaction with the mitochondrial
      adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - The activity of the lipid-depleted, oligomycin-sensitive mitochondrial ATPase has
      been measured in the presence of liposomes prepared from mixtures of
      phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol lysine. Enzyme activity increased
      linearly with an increase in the negative charge of liposomes prepared from the
      phosphatidylglycerol-phosphatidylglycerol lysine mixtures. The electrophoretic
      mobility and activating capacity of liposomes of several other phospholipids were
      determined. A linear relationship between electrophoretic mobility of the
      liposomes and oligomycin-sensitive activity was again apparent. These
      observations demonstrate that the activity of the ATPase is directly proportional
      to the ionic charge on phospholipid activators if the acyl chain composition of
      the phosphoglycerides is relatively constant.

PMID- 153766
TI  - Modification of high molecular weight plasmic degradation products of human
      crosslinked fibrin.
AB  - The predominant high molecular weight products of plasmic digestion of human
      crosslinked fibrin Fragments DD, E and (DD)E complex were purified by column gel
      filtration in a non-dissociating buffer or by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose. The structure of the degradation products was studied by proteolytic
      degradation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis immunodiffusion and sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation. Unaltered derivatives were very resistant to
      proteolytic degradation by plasmin. In the the presence of 10 mM EDTA the (DD)E
      complex did not dissociate, but similar to Fragment DD, became susceptible to
      plasmic degradation forming Fragment D derivatives. The (DD)E complex dissociated
      in 3 M urea at pH 5.5, had an altered conformation as evidenced by its
      aggregability and by its increased susceptibility to degradation by plasmin
      resulting in the formation of Fragment d. The gammagamma chain remnants of
      Fragment DD were attacked first, followed by cleavage of the beta chain remnants.
      It is concluded that plasmin resistance is a function of the intact structure and
      it is not directly dependent on the presence of the crosslink bonds or calcium
      ions.

PMID- 153767
TI  - Cross-linking of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase protein.
AB  - The addition of cupric-1,10,-phenanthroline, a cross-linking catalyst, to
      sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes caused protein sulfhydryl groups to form
      disulfide bridges. Following a short exposure to the catalyst (15 s, 22 degrees
      C) most of the protein was in a dimeric form (Mr = 248 000). Longer exposure
      times resulted in the formation of trimers, tetramers and other oligomers too
      large to enter the gel. At low temperatures (4 degrees C) dimer formation
      predominates even for exposure times as long as 5 min. Cross-linking in the
      presence of 7.5 mM Triton X-100 (a concentration that resulted in clearing of the
      membrane suspension and thus solubilization of the membrane components) showed
      the appearance of a considerable dimer fraction, however, most of the (Ca2+ +
      Mg2+)-ATPase protein appeared as a monomer. Following 1 min of cross-linking at
      22 degrees C, freeze-etched membranes showed no alteration in the number or
      appearance of 80 A intramembranous particles. Thus extensive cross-linking of the
      (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase protein can occur without disruption of the normal position
      of the intramembrane portion of the molecule.

PMID- 153768
TI  - Chemistry of heparitin sulfate and heparin from normal tissues and from patients
      with Hunter syndrome.
AB  - Some structural features of heparitin sulfate excreted by patients with Hunter
      syndrome are described. It is shown, with the aid of heparitinases and heparinase
      from Flavobacterium heparinum, that the Hunter heparitin sulfate is a very
      complex structure composed of nine different disaccharide units containing
      regions akin to normal heparitin sulfate and regions akin the heparin. Two-thirds
      of the iduronic acid residues of Hunter heparitin sulfate are devoid of sulfate,
      contrasting with heparin in which most of the iduronic acid residues are
      sulfated. The isolation and characterization of the non-reducing ends of heparin
      and of the heparitin sulfates is also described. Based on these results the
      specificity of the heparinase and heparitinases as well as the biosynthesis of
      iduronic acid-containing heparin-like compounds is discussed.

PMID- 153769
TI  - [Esterase activity of the mitochondria oligomycin-sensitive ATPase complex].
AB  - It was found that mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive ATPase (OS-ATPase) possesses
      the esterase activity with respect to some carboxylic acid esters with phenols
      and arylalcane alcohols. The substrate specificity of the esterase found was
      studied. The effects of some inhibitors and activators of ATPase on the enzyme
      activity were demonstrated. It was found that ADP inhibits the enzyme from
      submitochondrial particles containing factor F1 and does not inhibit the enzyme
      from the particles devoid of this factor. The data obtained suggest that esterase
      is localized in the hydrophobic part of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase complex
      and are indicative of the functional interrelationship between the esterase and
      ATPase activities.

PMID- 153770
TI  - [Inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase by water-soluble carbodiimide].
AB  - Modification of the carboxyl group with pK 6,8-7,0 of isolated factor F1 by N
      cyclohexyl-N'-beta-(4-xethylmorpholine) ethylcarbodiimide (CMCD) leads to the
      inhibition of the ATPase activity of the enzyme. The reaction rate of factor F1
      with CMCD drops in the presence of ATP. It has been shown that during the first
      stage of the reaction reversible binding of CMCD with factor F1 occurs, forming a
      stable "enzyme--inhibitor" complex (Kdis=2.10(-4) M). N-cyclohexyl-N'-beta-(4
      methylmorpholine) ethylcarbamide, a close analog of CMCD, is a competitive
      inhibitor of the ATPase reaction with Ki=9.10(-4) M. It is assumed that the
      carboxyl group, which reacts with CMCD, is located in the catalytic site of
      factor F1 and serves as the ligand of Me2+ in binding the substrate of the ATPase
      reaction Me-ATP. The reaction of factor F1, which was modified by CMCD, with
      proflavine, is accompanied by the covalent binding of the fluorescent label to
      the enzyme. The binding of proflavine to factor F1 leads to a sharp drop in the
      solubility of the enzyme in water.

PMID- 153771
TI  - [Purification and properties of plasminogen activator from human blood plasma
      after sudden death].
AB  - Plasminogen activator from human blood plasma after sudden death was isolated and
      purified 60-90-fold by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, ZnSO4 and ethanol as
      well as by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and gel--filtration through
      Sephadex G-200. The resulting enzyme had specific activity of 110-210 units per
      mg of protein. The enzyme prepartion possessed no plasmin activity; total content
      of carbohydrates was 2.4-2.5%; that of syalic acids--1.2-1.3%. The enzyme was
      found heterogeneous during disc electrophoresis in 7.0% polyacrylamide gel and
      corresponded in its mobility to beta-globulins of blood plasma. Molecular weight
      of enzyme as determined by gel-filtration through Sephadex G-200 is 70000. The
      isoelectric point lies at pH 6.2.

PMID- 153772
TI  - [Conformational changes in soluble mitochondrial ATPase by the spin probe
      method].
AB  - Modification of soluble mitochondrial ATPase (factor F1) by spin-labelled
      iodoacetamide and spin-labelled methyleneketone does not cause and change in the
      catalytic properties of the enzyme. The temperature dependence of tau corr. of
      labels bound to factor F1 testifies to conformational changes in the enzyme at
      temperatures of 18--20 degrees C and 34--37 degrees C. At these temperature
      intervals, breaks are observed in the temperature dependence of the ATPase
      reaction rate in the Arrenius plot. The results obtained indicate that the
      thermally induced conformational changes in factor F1 affect large areas of the
      protein molecule. The interaction of factor F1 with the hydrophobic spin probes,
      namely fatty acid derivatives, was studied. It was shown that the interaction of
      foctor F1 with Mg2+, Mg-ATP, Mg-ADP and ADP, results in an increase in the
      ability of the enzyme to adsorb spin probes.

PMID- 153773
TI  - Turnover of antiplasmin, the fast-acting plasmin inhibitor of plasma.
AB  - Human antiplasmin, the fast-acting plasmin inhibitor in plasma, was purified to
      homogeneity and labeled with 125I. This material, which was indistinguishable
      from antiplasmin in plasma with respect to several physicochemical and functional
      properties, was injected intravenously and its turnover measured in control
      subjects and in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy. In eight control
      subjects (four healthy persons and four patients with atherosclerosis), the
      following turnover characteristics were obtained: plasma radioactivity half-life
      2.64 +/- 0.32 days, fractional catabolic rate 0.53 +/- 0.09 of the plasma pool
      per day, intravascular fraction 0.51 +/- 0.05, and synthetic (catabolic) rate 1.4
      +/- 0.27 mg/kg/day. The half-life of the plasmin-antiplasmin complex in plasma,
      measured from the disappearance rate of labeled antiplasmin, plasmin or plasmin
      antiplasmin complex during thrombolytic therapy was approximately 0.5 days.

PMID- 153774
TI  - Nature of the calcium regulatory system of bovine arterial actomyosin.
AB  - A calcium-sensitive actomyosin was prepared from bovine aortic muscularis. The
      results of applying filament displacement tests indicate that bovine arterial
      actomyosin possesses predominantly a calcium regulatory system associated with
      the myosin filament, but also may possess a calcium regulatory system associated
      with the filament. Calcium binding to highly purified myosin preparations could
      not account for the calcium binding to calcium-sensitive actomyosin. A calcium
      insensitive actomyosin preparation, prepared by omitting dithiothreitol from the
      isolation procedure, showed a definite loss of tropomyosin but no change in
      calcium binding relative to the calcium-sensitive actomyosin.

PMID- 153775
TI  - Plasma exchange.

PMID- 153776
TI  - Influence of diphenylhydantoin on the effect of streptozotocin.

PMID- 153777
TI  - Reliability and reversibility of female sterilisation.

PMID- 153778
TI  - Syngamus in an Australian.

PMID- 153779
TI  - [Hormonal dynamics during pregnancy: critical discussion and clinical
      interpretations].
AB  - Although the clinical interpretation of its results varies greatly among
      perinatologists, the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) loading test has
      become an integral part of fetal monitoring in many centres dealing with high
      risk pregnancies. Currently four main metabolic responses to administration of
      DHEA-S to the mother are monitored to predict the functional state of the
      fetoplacental unit: the metabolic clearance of DHEA-S, the metabolic clearance of
      DHEA-S into estradiol, the conversion of DHEA-S into estradiol or esterol, and
      the increase in the plasma concentrations of DHEA and androstenedione after
      administration of DHEA-S. This article critically reviews each of these responses
      and its possible clinical interpretation, and assesses the clinical future of the
      DHEA-S loading test.

PMID- 153780
TI  - Paramedics, chiropractors and health planners.

PMID- 153782
TI  - A resource for crippled children that more health professionals could use.

PMID- 153781
TI  - Retinoic acid in acne therapy.

PMID- 153783
TI  - [Social cooperation for the welfare of children with deep mental deficiencies in
      Winnipeg].

PMID- 153784
TI  - Living with spina bifida: how 9-year-old Nadia found a way.

PMID- 153785
TI  - Treatment of acne.

PMID- 153786
TI  - In vitro functional studies of mononuclear cells in patients with CLL: evidence
      for functionally normal T lymphocytes and monocytes and abnormal B lymphocytes.
AB  - In vitro functional studies of mononuclear cells from 34 patients with B-cell
      type CLL were investigated and the results of these studies were as follows: 1)
      The T lymphocytes from patients with CLL were capable of responding normally to
      PHA or PWM, of inducing allogeneic normal B lymphocytes to respond to these
      mitogens and of stimulating normally to allogeneic lymphocytes in "one-way" mixed
      lymphocyte reaction; 2) The monocytes from these patients were capable of
      enhancing the T lymphocyte response to mitogens and of stimulating normally to
      allogeneic lymphocytes; and 3) The leukemic B lymphocytes were incapable of
      responding to mitogens even in the presence of normal T lymphocytes and their
      enhancer cell activity on T lymphocyte response or their stimulating capacity on
      allogeneic lymphocytes was depressed. These observations suggest that the T
      lymphocytes and monocytes from patients with CLL are functionally normal while
      the leukemic B lymphocytes from these patients are functionally abnormal.

PMID- 153787
TI  - Comparative trial of low-dose adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide with or without
      additive hormonal therapy in advanced breast cancer.
AB  - We treated 56 women with advanced metastatic breast cancer who had not received
      prior chemotherapy in a comparative trial of cytotoxic chemotherapy with low-dose
      adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide alone or in combination with the androgenic
      steroid calusterone. The response rate to chemohormonal therapy (65%) could not
      be shown to be statistically better than that for chemotherapy alone (53%) for
      this size patient population. However, the median remission duration (21.5
      months) was significantly prolonged over the 11.5-month remission duration for
      chemotherapy alone (p = 0.03). The median survival of the chemohormonal therapy
      group was 23.5 months, whereas that for chemotherapy alone was 13.5 months (p =
      0.05). These results indicate that the addition of a potent hormonal agent to
      effective cytotoxic chemotherapy improves the results of treatment of women with
      metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 153788
TI  - Effects of epidermal chalone and epidermal growth factor on a transplantable
      epidermal carcinoma (Hewitt) of the mouse in vivo.

PMID- 153789
TI  - Effect of carbamoylation on the repair of nitrosourea-induced DNA alkylation
      damage in L1210 cells.

PMID- 153790
TI  - Immunity to cell surface antigens and immune complex glomerulonephritis in
      hamsters bearing human epithelial tumors.
AB  - A glomerulopathy in hamsters bearing human epithelial tumors is described. The
      tumors resulted from the s.c. implantation of human heteroploid cells (MA160)
      derived originally from a benign prostatic adenoma. The renal immunomorphological
      and ultrastructural changes include expansion of mesangial matrix and
      cellularity, electron-dense mesangial deposits, and mesangial deposits of
      immunoglobulin G and C'3. Renal eluates obtained from the tumor-bearing animals
      contained substantial amounts of immunoglobulins. Our immunopathological studies
      demonstrated that virtually all of the eluate immunoglobulin G was tumor-specific
      antibody directed exclusively against surface determinants of the MA160 cells.
      There was no demonstrable activity against cytoplasmic or nuclear constituents of
      the MA160 cells or against certain hamster antigenic determinants. The antibody
      in the eluate could be removed by repetitive absorptions with viable MA160 cells
      but not with similar absorptions with either normal human diploid fibroblasts,
      human heteroploid HeLa cells, or BHK21 hamster cells. Our data support the
      concept of a specific nephritogenic immunopathological process occurring as a
      result of immunity to tumor-specific surface determinants.

PMID- 153791
TI  - Skeletal muscle diseases with disordered oxidative phosphorylation in the
      isolated muscle mitochondria.

PMID- 153792
TI  - Histochemical mapping of adenyltriphosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase in the medulla
      oblongata and pons of squirrel (Funambulus palmarum).

PMID- 153793
TI  - Restrictive cardiomyopathy in an infant with massive biatrial enlargement and
      normal ventricular size and pump function.
AB  - Restrictive cardiomyopathy in an infant with massive biatrial enlargement and
      normal ventricular size has been reported only once previously [3]. We now
      present a 13-month-old patient with severe and progressive congestive heart
      failure who demonstrated normal ventricular cavity size with biatrial
      enlargement. Ejection fraction and echocardiographic ventricular function studies
      were normal.

PMID- 153794
TI  - [Isolation of viruses of tick-borne encephalitis and Uukuniemi from ticks in the
      area of the Vranov water dam (author's transl)].

PMID- 153795
TI  - [Antibodies against the superficial component of hepatitis B virus of health
      workers (author's transl)].

PMID- 153796
TI  - [Utilization of powder polyester in making insoluble antigens and pure antibodies
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 153797
TI  - [Survey of selected bacterial species sensitivity to antibiotics in the Plzen
      teaching hospital (1964-1976) (author's transl)].

PMID- 153798
TI  - [Evaluation of immunization against influenza with adenovirus containing strains
      A/Port Chalmers and A/Swine (author's transl)].

PMID- 153799
TI  - [Incidence of "mobile" gamma streptococci in the secretion from the urogenital
      tract (author's transl)].

PMID- 153800
TI  - [In memoriam Professor Vladimir Kubelka].

PMID- 153801
TI  - [Diagnostic utilization of the UDP-10 apparatus at the I. Ophthalmological Clinic
      in Katowice].

PMID- 153802
TI  - [Beckwith Wiedemann syndrom (author's transl)].
AB  - In connection with four new observations and a revue of 82 cases published the
      mains features of Beckwith-Wiedeman syndrom are described insisting on the
      neonatal troubles of the glycoregulation upon the structural development of the
      childrens and on the pathologics associations.

PMID- 153803
TI  - Certification of smallpox eradication.
AB  - The world's last known case of smallpox resulting from human-to-human
      transmission in an endemic focus occurred in Somalia in October 1977, and there
      remains the task of documenting the global eradication of the disease and
      establishing the safety of vaccination. Those countries as yet uncertified have
      been grouped into four categories according to the procedures recommended for
      their certification. An important criterion for deciding the type of procedure is
      how recently smallpox was endemic in a particular country. This paper is
      concerned with those countries in which the disease has been nonendemic for some
      years but which have not yet received certification of eradication. One such
      country is Burma, which was certified free of smallpox in 1977, some 8 years
      after its last reported case but 2 years after the last case in Bangladesh, with
      which it shares a long frontier. The procedures used in Burma and the lessons
      that were learnt therefrom are described.

PMID- 153804
TI  - Control of trachoma and prevention of blindness in rural communities in Burma.
AB  - Trachoma was identified as the single most important cause of blindness in
      central Burma in a study carried out in 1961-1962. Control measures started in
      1964 considerably reduced the degree of endemicity and severity of the disease in
      the areas treated. According to recent simplified criteria of evaluation, the
      prevalence of active trachoma has been reduced by more than 60% and that of
      active inflammatory disease of moderate and severe intensity from 7.4% to 1.8% of
      the active cases. A reduction in the risk of becoming infected is evident from
      changes that have occurred among the younger age groups.The experience acquired
      by the trachoma control project in central Burma-covering a population of more
      than 4 million in 8000 villages-emphasizes the importance of the active
      participation of the community and the role of local auxiliary personnel. Most of
      the activities, including surgical repair of trichiasis, are the responsibility
      of health assistants; their training includes, in addition to the recognition and
      treatment of patients requiring topical application of antibiotics or surgical
      repair of trichiasis, the screening and referral to the general practitioner or
      to the eye specialist of those needing more specialized attention.The results
      already obtained have made possible a gradual replacement of control activities
      by a surveillance programme, and their integration into the basic health
      services. The objectives of the trachoma control programme have been expanded to
      include the prevention and management of other causes of preventable or curable
      blindness, with special emphasis on eye injuries and glaucoma.

PMID- 153805
TI  - Review: the integration of special education-first thoughts on Warnock.

PMID- 153806
TI  - Calcium-activated muscle from hypertrophied rabbit hearts. Mechanical and
      correlated biochemical changes.

PMID- 153807
TI  - Instantaneous transmitral blood flow and anterior mitral leaflet motion in man.
AB  - Transmitral blood flow was measured in man by numerical differentiation of left
      ventricular volume as a function of time in 11 patients undergoing cardiac
      catheterization. Using this technique, transmitral blood flow may be studied in a
      variety of pathologic states without the need for surgically introduced
      flowmeters. Just before left ventriculography, echocardiography of the mitral
      valve was performed. The pattern of transmitral blood flow was strikingly similar
      to the diastolic movement of the anterior mitral leaflet. At any equivalent
      diastolic filling time, the percent of the integrated area beneath the curve
      inscribed by the diastolic anterior mirtal leaflet echoes closely approximated
      the percent of stroke volume which had entered the left ventricle. This
      observation supports the hypothesis that mitral leaflet motion accurately
      reflects transmitral flow. Consequently, at a given time during diastole, the
      relative velocity of transmitral flow and the percent of the stroke volume which
      has entered the left ventricle may be approximated noninvasively from the
      anterior mitral leaflet echogram.

PMID- 153808
TI  - Defective in vitro suppressor cell function in idiopathic congestive
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 153809
TI  - Prenatal monitoring for the Hunter syndrome: the heterozygous female fetus.
AB  - An abnormal level of 35S-sulfate labeled mucopolysaccharides was found in
      cultured amniotic fluid cells from a pregnancy, at risk for the Hunter syndrome,
      with a female fetal karyotype. Subsequent prenatal analyses suggested
      heterozygosity for the X-linked Hunter syndrome, and this was confirmed by clonal
      analysis of fibroblasts of the child after birth. The possible implications of
      abnormal biochemical results in association with a female karyotype in the
      prenatal diagnosis of the Hunter syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 153811
TI  - Suppressor activity of lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus.

PMID- 153810
TI  - The long-term treatment of acne vulgaris.

PMID- 153812
TI  - Characterization of brain proteins reacting in vitro with anti-neuronal
      antibodies in patients with Huntington's disease.

PMID- 153813
TI  - Evaluation and management of diseases of the vulva: cutaneous inflammations and
      infections.

PMID- 153814
TI  - The use of laparoscopy in gynaecology.
AB  - Diagnostic laparoscopy is of most value in the evaluation of infertility and for
      completing the gynaecological investigation of obscure cases of chronic pelvic
      pain. Its use to exclude ectopic pregnancy, salpingitis and pelvic cancer is more
      controversial. The management of some cases of primary amenorrhoea is aided by
      laparoscopic gonadal biopsy. The excessive demand for female sterilization will
      ensure that the laparoscope continues to be used for this purpose and is leading
      to a compromise. The surgical techniques which have been proved to be most
      effective are being replaced by methods favoured for their potential
      reversibility and rapid patient turn-over. If all our laparoscopes were
      abandoned, gynaecological surgery would perhaps not suffer a major setback, but,
      for the present, those who neglect laparoscopy are losing an important dimension
      of modern practice.

PMID- 153815
TI  - Hearing loss in Down's syndrome. A treatable handicap more common than generally
      recognized.
AB  - Significant hearing loss was found in about two-thirds of a series of 107
      individuals with Down's syndrome. Hearing loss of that degree causes retardation
      of speech, language and intellectual development in normal children. Down's
      children are presumably affected even more by this sensory deprivation and
      without correction are prevented from reaching their full potential.

PMID- 153816
TI  - [A case of 2:1 atrial flutter in a patient with pericardial calcifications.
      Etiopathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic considerations].

PMID- 153817
TI  - [Importance of trace elements in living organisms: the role of manganese].

PMID- 153818
TI  - Getting the right piece in the right place: getting round to it.

PMID- 153819
TI  - Getting the right piece in the right place: home aids.

PMID- 153820
TI  - Photocontact dermatitis to hydrocortisone.
AB  - A patient was found to have a delayed positive patch test to hydrocortisone on
      multiple testing. This proved to be due to a photoallergy with an action spectrum
      in the UV-A range. The patient coincidently had a polymorphous light eruption in
      the UV-B range.

PMID- 153821
TI  - Coolant oil dermatitis due to ethylenediamine.
AB  - Two outbreaks of hand dermatitis in light engineering works are reported. In both
      cases a number of workers shown to be allergic to soluble coolant oils were found
      to be allergic to ethylenediamine, which had either been incorporated into the
      oil or had been added to it later.

PMID- 153822
TI  - Contact dermatitis to sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate.

PMID- 153823
TI  - 2 (p-carboxyphenyl) 4,5 diphenylimidazole: new sensitizing agent in photo
      processing.

PMID- 153824
TI  - Nickel allergy and spectacle frame contact acne.

PMID- 153825
TI  - Sensitivity to petrolatum.

PMID- 153826
TI  - Chromate dermatitis from soluble oil.

PMID- 153827
TI  - Ethylenediamine sensitivity with a systemic reaction to piperazine citrate.

PMID- 153828
TI  - Contact allergy/photo allergy to glyceryl PABA and benzocaine.

PMID- 153829
TI  - Asymmetric septal hypertrophy in patients on long-term hemodialysis.
AB  - Echocardiographic studies were performed in 23 hypertensive patients who were
      receiving therapy with long-term hemodialysis. Five patients (22 percent) had
      normal thickness of the left ventricular wall. Eleven (48 percent) had symmetric
      left ventricular hypertrophy, and seven (30 percent) showed asymmetric septal
      hypertrophy, with a ratio of septal to posterior wall thickness of 1.3 or
      greater. The latter group differed from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      in that patients on long-term hemodialysis had a dilated left ventricular
      dimension, a relatively normal diastolic slope of the mitral valve, absence of
      systolic motion of the mitral valve, and a septal to posterior wall ratio of less
      than 1.5. A high incidence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy in this and other
      studies indicates that this condition is not specific for hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy. We suggest that in addition to asymmetric septal hypertrophy, the
      diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should be made in the light of the
      clinical picture, as well as other echocardiographic features.

PMID- 153831
TI  - A comprehensive approach to delinquency prevention and treatment.

PMID- 153830
TI  - Loculated interlobar air-fluid collection in congestive heart failure.
AB  - Two patients are described who had congestive heart failure with loculated
      interlobar air-fluid collections. Although pseudotumor (interlobar effusion) is a
      well-known finding in congestive heart failure, the additional presence of air is
      unique. Both are somewhat related to the underlying failure.

PMID- 153833
TI  - [Gastroschisis and omphalocele].

PMID- 153832
TI  - Mirrow reactions of Down's syndrome infants and toddlers: cognitive underpinnings
      of self-recognition.
AB  - To examine the developmental significance of mirrow self-recognition in early
      childhood, a cross-sectional study with 55 Down's syndrome children was
      conducted. When their image is altered by rouge on the nose, normal infants by 22
      months indicate self-recognition by touching their noses while looking in the
      mirror. Only a small percentage of Down's syndrome children touched their noses
      by this age, confirming the expected lag in this development. However, those
      young Down's syndrome infants with near-normal development quotient did manifest
      the reaction. In general, when developmental age was equated, the Down's syndrome
      children showed parallel development to normal children.

PMID- 153834
TI  - [Treatment of acne].

PMID- 153835
TI  - A new biochemical subtype of the Sanfilippo syndrome: characterization of the
      storage material in cultured fibroblasts of Sanfilippo C patients.
AB  - Fibroblasts cultured from the skin of three unrelated patients with the clinical
      symptoms of the Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis III) accumulated
      intracellularly excessive amounts of heparan sulfate and showed a lengthened
      turnover time for this mucopolysaccharide. They exhibited, however, neither a
      deficiency of heparan sulfate sulfamidase or alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase nor of
      any other known glycosaminoglycan-degrading hydrolase. This new
      mucopolysaccharidosis was therefore designated as type C of the Sanfilippo
      syndrome. The abnormal heparan sulfate metabolism of Sanfilippo C fibroblasts
      could not be normalized by addition of crude urinary proteins or concentrated
      secretions from normal fibroblasts to the culture medium or by cocultivation with
      normal fibroblasts. The accumulated heparan sulfate was characterized by a
      reduced negative net charge. A small proportion of it could be adsorbed onto a
      cation exchange resin. It was sensitive to nitrous acid degradation under
      conditions where glucosamine residues with free amino groups are attacked. It is
      therefore suggested that the primary defect in this new mucopolysaccharidosis
      concerns the step which follows the hydrolysis of N-sulfonate groups in heparan
      sulfate degradation.

PMID- 153837
TI  - Critical issues in career education for handicapped students.

PMID- 153836
TI  - Control of proton conduction by the H+ -ATPase in the inner mitochondrial
      membrane.

PMID- 153838
TI  - The changing focus of public policy.

PMID- 153839
TI  - Public Law 94-142 and the education of preschool handicapped children.

PMID- 153840
TI  - Closed circuit interactive television and inservice training.

PMID- 153841
TI  - Categories used for identification and education of exceptional children.

PMID- 153842
TI  - Let's keep dentistry for children in private practice.

PMID- 153843
TI  - Tunicamycin-induced alterations in the synthesis of sulfated proteoglycans and
      cell surface morphology in the chick embryo fibroblast.

PMID- 153844
TI  - RNA polymerase activities in heart tissue of aging mice.

PMID- 153845
TI  - Sterilization and growth inhibition of Caenorhabditis elegans by 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine.

PMID- 153846
TI  - Enzymatic sulfation of steroids--VII. Hepatic cortisol sulfation and
      glucocorticoid sulfotransferases in old and young male rats.

PMID- 153848
TI  - Inhibition of proton conduction by chemical modification of the membrane moiety
      of proton translocating ATPase.

PMID- 153847
TI  - Absent pyruvate inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in lactating rat
      mammary gland following various treatments. Removal of circulating insulin and
      prolactin and exposure to protein synthesis inhibitors.

PMID- 153849
TI  - Interaction of sulfur-containing ATP analogs with rabbit muscle
      phosphofructokinase.

PMID- 153850
TI  - Uncoupling of corn shoot mitochondria by N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine.

PMID- 153851
TI  - (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-stimulated ATPase activity of rabbit myometrium plasma membrane is
      blocked by oxytocin.

PMID- 153852
TI  - Tentoxin-induced adenine nucleotide exchange with soluble and thylakoid membrane
      bound chloroplast coupling factor 1.

PMID- 153853
TI  - Alterations in the cardiovascular system that occur in advanced age.
AB  - Recent information appears to solidify the concept that the left ventricle
      hypertrophies with age in normal adult man. The stimulus for this moderate
      increase in wall thickness has not been precisely determined but an attractive
      hypothesis suggests that the stimulus may be an increased load imposed by the
      peripheral vascular resistance. The mechanism for the well-documented diminished
      cardiovascular response to maximal exercise in normal aged man still remains
      unclear. Evidence in the canine model indicates that a diminished chronotropic
      response to catecholamines could in part explain a limitation in maximal heart
      rate response. The reflex change in heart rate in respone to hypercapnia,
      hypoxia, and sustained isometric handgrip in normal man is diminished with age.
      The precise mechanism of this age-associated phenomenon remains to be elucidated,
      but the chronotropic responsiveness to catecholamines is likely a contributing
      factor. Finally, there is evidence of slowed myocardial relaxation in hearts of
      aged animals and man. A decrement in the speed at which the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum from hearts of aged rats accumulates calcium has been demonstrated and
      appears to be involved in the mechanism of prolonged contraction in aged
      myocardium.

PMID- 153854
TI  - [Pharmacy in the Russian Federation in 1968-1977 (on the 10th anniversary of the
      subordination of the pharmacy administrations to the Councils of Ministers of the
      Autonomous Republics and to the Executive Committees of the Territorial and
      Provincial Councils of People's Deputies of the RSFSR)].

PMID- 153855
TI  - [Higher pharmaceutical education in the Urals].

PMID- 153856
TI  - [Pyatigorsk Pharmaceutical Institute].

PMID- 153858
TI  - Parents' questions regarding their children's teeth.

PMID- 153859
TI  - 'Special' child: challenge for dentistry.

PMID- 153857
TI  - [Training, utilization and professional improvement of druggists in the
      Belorussian SSR].

PMID- 153860
TI  - Self-assessment removes pressures of examination.

PMID- 153862
TI  - Effect of benzoyl peroxide on skin surface lipids.
AB  - Investigations have been performed on the effect of benzoyl peroxide on skin
      surface lipids by direct lipid extraction with petrol ether and quantitative
      determination. Though there was no change after 1 week treatment, after 4 weeks a
      significant reduction of the casual level as well as well as the replacement sum
      could be observed.

PMID- 153861
TI  - [Transketolase activity as a parameter for the vitamin B1 provision in some
      dermatoses (herpes zoster, psoriasis, drug eruptions, excema, and urticaria)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 153863
TI  - Oral treatment of pustulosis palmo-plantaris with a new retinoid, Ro 10-9359.
AB  - Ro 10-9359 is a retinoic acid derivative, selected for study because of a better
      tolerance than retinoic acid, shown in animal experiments. Earlier clinical
      experience has proved Ro 10-9359 to be an extremely potent antipsoriatic drug.
      The well-known association between psoriasis and pustulosis palmoplantaris was a
      motivation to evaluate Ro 10-9359 also in the last-mentioned disease, which is
      notoriously known to be resistant to treatment. In this study 30 patients were
      given either 75 mg/day of Ro 10-9359 or 200 mg twice every week according to a
      randomized pattern. All patients had suffered from the disease for at least 2
      years without any spontaneous remission during the year preceding the trial.
      After a treatment period of about 2 weeks with Ro 10-9359 hyperkeratotic scales
      had usually disappeared, and 2 weeks later there were in general significantly
      less pustular lesions. The treatment continued for 8 weeks, and at this time the
      average reduction of the number of pustules was 80%. The daily dosage seemed to
      give better results and was also better tolerated than was the twice-weekly
      dosage. Side effects were common, but generally mild. On average, the remission
      lasted 1 month after cessation of therapy.

PMID- 153864
TI  - [Multiple granulomata pyogenica in a patient with acne vulgaris (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Multiple granulomata pyogenica are usually satellites of a primary lesion
      recently treated unsuccessfully. Disseminated pyogenic granulomas are very
      uncommon. In our case report, we describe a young man with six granulomata
      pyogenica over the chest, after treating his acne with tetracycline and vitamin A
      acid. In the discussion, we include infection, trauma and vitamin A acid as
      factors which can induce the vascular tumor in the region of a vascular
      dysplasia.

PMID- 153865
TI  - Open laparoscopy vs. closed laparoscopy: a comparison of complication rates.

PMID- 153866
TI  - Metabolic subpopulations of muscle fibers a quantitative study.

PMID- 153867
TI  - Muscle fiber characteristics in healthy men and patients with juvenile diabetes.

PMID- 153868
TI  - Immune responses of diabetic animals. Direct immunosuppressant effects of
      streptozotocin in mice.

PMID- 153869
TI  - [Electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic evaluations in a group of young
      persons engaging in sports].

PMID- 153870
TI  - Subcutaneous emphysema of the abdominal wall from diverticulitis with necrotizing
      fasciitis.
AB  - The case history of a patient with subcutaneous emphysema of the abdomen from
      sigmoid diverticulitis is presented. The mechanisms for developing abdominal wall
      emphysema are reviewed. Thus when the gas originates from the gastrointestinal
      tract, mechanical factors are mainly responsible for this phenomenon. These
      inculde a direct communication through a colonocutaneous fistula. Gas may,
      however, also be spread into the abdominal wall by high intraintestinal
      pressures. Infection with gas-producing organisms may be associated with
      subcutaneous emphysema. This is particularly true when the emphysema develops 48
      h or longer after onset of symptoms. Infection, however, is not the major cause
      for gas in these tissues.

PMID- 153871
TI  - [Importance of the nutrition factor in the comprehensive social hygiene study of
      the health of female workers in the chemical industry].

PMID- 153872
TI  - [Work experience with contractual collaboration with an enterprise].

PMID- 153873
TI  - [Ordering of laboratory control for the purpose of increasing work efficiency in
      preventing food poisonings].

PMID- 153874
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the effectiveness of measures for the sanitary
      improvement of the atmosphere in the region of a metallurgical plant].

PMID- 153875
TI  - [Microbial pollution of the sewage from a large swine raising farm complex at
      different stages of biological purification].

PMID- 153876
TI  - [Animal husbandry complexes and the protection of the environment from bacterial
      pollution].

PMID- 153877
TI  - [Problems of rationalizing the nutrition of miners in potassium mines].

PMID- 153878
TI  - [Physical development of the school-aged children of Vitebsk].

PMID- 153879
TI  - [Experience in studying the social hygiene conditions of living and upbringing of
      preschool children].

PMID- 153880
TI  - [Effect of fibrinolysin and heparin on the formation of fibrosis in experimental
      anthracosilicosis].

PMID- 153881
TI  - [Radiation situation at the Kola atomic electric power station in the initial
      period of operation].

PMID- 153882
TI  - [Use of gas-liquid chromatography for characterizing the air of a work area in a
      shop manufacturing mastic].

PMID- 153884
TI  - [The 2d Prague Rheumatological Symposium].

PMID- 153883
TI  - [Function in T-lymphocytes in CLL].

PMID- 153885
TI  - Compensatory increase of the gluconeogenic capacity of rat kidney after partial
      hepatectomy.

PMID- 153886
TI  - Comparison of thymidine, fluorodeoxyuridine, hydroxyurea, and methotrexate
      blocking at the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle, studied by replication
      patterns.
AB  - Cultures of human amniotic fluid cells and fibroblasts were temporarily blocked
      by the replication inhibitors thymidine (dT) surplus, fluorodeoxyuridine (FdU),
      hydroxyurea (HU), or methotrexate uridine (MU). The respective arresting point at
      G1-S transition and the homogeneity of the blocked cell population were
      determined by means of BrdU replication patterns. Most variation of patterns were
      found after HU. After MU, cells were arrested before the onset of replication,
      while with dT surplus of FdU an arresting point in early S seemed more likely.

PMID- 153887
TI  - Unstable telocentric chromosome produced after centric misdivision of a 21q/21q
      translocated element.
AB  - An unstable telocentric chromosome was found in an individual with Down's
      syndrome and an unusual chromosomal mosaic, 46,XX, t(21q21q)+,21-/46,XX,21q
      /45,XX,21-. As the 21q/21q chromosome was of paternal origin, based on the
      characteristics of its centromeric heterochromatin and on the characteristics of
      both 21 chromosomes of the father, it was concluded that its formation involved
      centric breakage and loss of centromeric material. The cell line with the 21q-
      chromosome may have originated from the translocation by an asymmetric
      misdivision of the reduced centromeric material. Of the two telocentrics produced
      by this fracture, one, possessing the smaller amount of centromeric apparatus,
      would be immediately lost; the other would be retained, but complete activity of
      its centromere would not be restored. It would therefore be unstable and might be
      lost.

PMID- 153888
TI  - Mechanisms of activation of human natural killer cells against tumor and virus
      infected cells.

PMID- 153889
TI  - "Oh, my aching back.".

PMID- 153890
TI  - The precursors of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 153891
TI  - Steroid addiction.

PMID- 153892
TI  - Effect of corn and sorghum diets in N1 methylnicotinamide excretion and hepatic
      enzymes in rats.
AB  - This study was carried out to compare the effects of corn (Zea mays) and sorghum
      (Sorghum vulgare) diets on urinary N1 methylnicotinamide (N'MN) excretion and on
      the activity of hepatic enzyme in young adult rats. Thirty rats, weighing an
      average of 174.3 g at the beginning of the experiments, were divided into three
      groups and studied for 13 weeks. The two experimental diets supplied 7% protein,
      and a casein diet was used as control. Niacin was excluded from the vitamin
      mixture used in the corn and sorghum diets. The activities of the following
      enzymes were studied: betaHOB-D, G6P-D, NADH2-TR, NADPH2-TR, and 3 HOA-0. Urinary
      excretion of N'MN was statistically different among the three groups, the corn
      group having the lowest level. The corn-fed animals appeared to have more obvious
      alterations in liver enzyme activity. The changes found in corn and sorghum-fed
      animals are different and cannot be explained as due to niacin deficiency. The
      different amino acid compositions of the two grains and their relationship with
      the discrepancies in the result are also discussed.

PMID- 153893
TI  - Improvement in the fertility of streptozotocin-diabetic male rats following
      treatment with insulin and human chrionic gonadotropin.
AB  - Diabetes was produced in male rats with streptozotocin. Some of them were
      subsequently treated with exogenous insulin, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
      or both. The rats were tested six weeks later for fertility, testosterone
      secretion and spermatogenesis. Diabetes was found to inhibit all three parameters
      of fertility. Accessory gland atrophy was restodred following the treatment with
      insulin and much improved with insulin plus hCG. In a diabetic control group on
      restricted food intake, insulin alone did not significantly improve fertility,
      whereas hCG enhanced steroidegenesis and spermatogenesis but not fertility.
      Treatment with both hCG and sinulsin gave the best results.

PMID- 153894
TI  - Selective excitation of mithramycin or DAPI fluorescence on double-stained cell
      nuclei and chromosomes.
AB  - Fluorescence spectra of leukocytes stained by both mithramycin and DAPI showed
      that the fluorescence of the two dyes can be separated efficiently by using
      different excitation wavelengths, for instance the 435 nm and the 365 nm mercury
      lines. In human chromosomes the complementary ("reverse") banding pattern
      produced by these dyes may thus be observed on double stained chromosome spreads.
      In plants, for instance in Anemone blanda, the two dyes may reveal two different
      banding patterns. The results of absorption and fluorescence measurements suggest
      the existence of at least two binding sites, or types, for each dye, with
      different fluorescent yields and binding strengths.

PMID- 153895
TI  - The localization of enzyme activities in the pancreatic appendages of Sepia
      officinalis L. (Cephalopoda).
AB  - In this study, enzyme activities of the pancreatic appendages of the ductus
      hepatoPancreas (the so-called "pancreas") in Sepia officinalis L. have been
      demonstrated by light and electron micicroscopical methods: Malate dehydrogenase,
      monoamine oxidase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, adenosine triphosphatase
      and carbonic anhydrase were shown by the former, and monoamine oxidase, catalase,
      glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, choline esterase (non-specific), alkaline
      phosphatase, acid phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase by the latter technique. The
      correlation between enzyme activity and distribution, and the presumed function
      of the two pancreatic epithelia is discussed.

PMID- 153896
TI  - Laparoscopy in zoological medicine.
AB  - The technique of laparoscopy was adapted and utilized in zoological medicine for
      various mammals, birds, and reptiles for reproductive and diagnostic studies as
      well as clinically related research. It was concluded that since anesthesia was
      routinely required for most manipulative procedures in zoo animals, and since
      laparoscopy adds little additional risk, the use of this technique provides an
      additional diagnostic aid when indicated. Laparoscopy was found to be effective
      for evaluating reproductive status, particularly ovarian anatomy and function,
      direct visual biopsy of internal organs, sex determination in selected birds, and
      as a surgical means of fertility control.

PMID- 153897
TI  - Requirement for membrane potential in active transport of glutamine by
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The effect of reducing the membrane potential on glutamine transport in cells of
      Escherichia coli has been investigated. Addition of valinomycin to
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-treated E. coli
      cells in the presence of 20 mM exogenous potassium reduced the membrane
      potential, as measured by the uptake of the lipophilic cation
      triphenylmethylphosphonium, and caused a complete inhibition of glutamine
      transport. Valinomycin plus potassium also caused a rapid decrease in the
      intracellular levels of ATP of normal E. coli cells, but had little if any effect
      on the ATP levels of two mutants of E. coli carrying lesions in the energy
      transducing ATP complex (unc mutants). Yet both the membrane potential and the
      capacity to transport glutamine were depressed in the unc mutants by valinomycin
      and potassium. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that both ATP
      and a membrane potential are essential to the active transport of glutamine by E.
      coli cells.

PMID- 153898
TI  - Nature of 6-methylpurine inhibition and characterization of two 6-methylpurine
      resistant mutants of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - 6-Methylpurine, an analog of adenine, inhibits the growth of Neurospora crassa.
      From kinetic studies it was found that 6-methylpurine is converted to its
      nucleotide form by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.7), and inhibits
      the de novo purine biosynthesis. Adenine relieves the growth inhibition caused by
      6-methylpurine, whereas hypoxanthine is not very effective. Studies dealing with
      hypoxanthine utilization in the presence of 6-methylpurine indicated a severely
      reduced uptake of hypoxanthine and a general slowdown in its further metabolism.
      Two mutants (Mepr-3 and Mepr-10) which are resistant to 6-methylpurine were
      characterized. Studies of purine base uptake and the in vivo and in vitro
      conversion to nucleotides indicated that Mepr-10 may be an adenine
      phosphoribosyltransferase-defective mutant, whereas Mepr-3 may be a mutant with
      altered feedback response to 6-methylpurine. Both mutants showed a severely
      lowered hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity, but because 6
      methylpurine did not have any effect on the conversion of hypoxanthine to IMP in
      the wild type, it was concluded that 6-methylpurine resistance in these mutants
      cannot be due to lowered hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity, but
      rather that the lowering of enzyme activity may be a secondary effect.

PMID- 153899
TI  - Genetic and physiological studies on the relationship between colicin B
      resistance and ferrienterochelin uptake in Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The Escherichia coli gene for the ferrienterochelin uptake and colicins B and D
      receptor protein is located at approximately 13 min, adjacent to or among genes
      for enterochelin biosynthetic enzymes. The two receptor functions (colicin and
      siderophore) are separable by mutation.

PMID- 153900
TI  - Binding of 30s dynein with the B-tubule of the outer doublet of axonemes from
      Tetrahymena pyriformis and adenosine triphosphate-induced dissociation of the
      complex.
AB  - The binding properties of dynein arms to the A- and B-tubules of outer doublets
      of cilia from Tetrahymena pyriformis were examined, with the following results:
      1. When 30s dynein purified from Tetrahymena cilia was added to doublets
      deficient in dynein arms, it bound to both A- and B-tubules almost equally and
      formed arms along the edges. The overall length of arms bound to the A-tubule was
      22 +/- 3 nm, and that of arms bound to the B-tubule was 24 +/- 3 nm. Each arm
      bound to the A- and B-tubules was pointed toward the base at angles of 55 degrees
      +/- 7 degrees and 48 degrees +/- 7 degrees, respectively. In the presence of
      sufficient amounts of dynein, the arms along the A- and B-tubules were located at
      intervals of 22.8 +/- 1.5 nm and 22.5 +/- 1.7 nm, respectively. 2. On adding ATP,
      only the arms bound to the B-tubule were dissociated from the doublet decorated
      with arms on both sides. The dissociated arms rebound themselves to the B-tubule
      after hydrolysis of the ATP. When several doublets decorated with arms along both
      A- and B-tubules were arrayed side by side, the interdoublet spacing increased
      from 14 +/- 2 nm to 17 +/- 2 nm on addition of ATP. 3. The turbidity of a
      suspension of trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4]-treated axonemes decreased rapidly on
      addition of ATP, then recovered partially. Observations by dark-field microscopy
      and electron microscopy showed that the doublets which had slid out from the
      axonemes on ATP addition formed large aggregates after hydrolysis of the ATP. The
      dynein arms were also solubilized from the axonemes upon addition of ATP, and
      rebound themselves to the B-tubule after hydrolysis of the added ATP. 4. The
      double-reciprocal plot for the ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] activity of the trypsin
      treated axonemes against ATP concentration was composed of two straight lines,
      from which the Km values were estimated to be 1.0 and 12.7 micrometer. The
      dependence of the decrease in turbidity of the axonemal suspension on ATP
      concentration indicated that the binding of ATP to sites with an apparent
      dissociation constant of 1 micrometer induced dissociation of the arms from the B
      tubule.

PMID- 153901
TI  - Biosynthesis of glycogen in Neurospora crassa. Kinetic mechanism of UDP-glucose:
      glycogen 4-alpha-glucosyltransferase.
AB  - The kinetic mechanism of glycogen synthase [UDP-glucose: glycogen 4-alpha
      glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.11], glucose-6-P-dependent form, from Neurospora
      crassa has been investigated by initial velocity experiments and studies with
      inhibitors in the presence of sufficient levels of glucose-6-P. The rate equation
      was different from those of common two-substrate systems because one of the
      substrates, glycogen, is also a product. The reaction rates were determined by
      varying the concentration of one of the substrates while keeping that of the
      other constant. Double-reciprocal plots of initial velocity measurements were
      linear and showed converging line patterns. UDP was found to act competitively
      when the substrate UDP-glucose was varied, but noncompetitively when glycogen was
      varied. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that glycogen synthase,
      glucose-6-P-dependent form, from N. crassa has a rapid equilibrium random Bi-Bi
      mechanism. Rate constant and dissociation constants for each step of this
      mechanism were estimated.

PMID- 153902
TI  - Two calcium regulation systems in squid (Ommastrephes sloani pacificus) muscle.
      Preparation of calcium-sensitive myosin and troponin-tropomyosin.
AB  - The Ca-regulatory system in squid mantle muscle was studied. The findings were as
      follows. (a) Squid mantle myosin B (squid myosin B) was Ca-sensitive, and its Ca
      sensitivity was unaffected by addition of a large amount of rabbit skeletal
      myosin (skeletal myosin) or rabbit skeletal F-actin (skeletal F-actin). (b) Squid
      myosin was prepared from the mantle muscle. It showed a heavy chain component and
      two light chain components in the SDS-gel electrophoretic pattern: the molecular
      weights of the latter two were 17,000 and 15,000. Actomyosin reconstituted from
      squid myosin and skeletal (or squid) actin showed Ca-sensitivity in
      superprecipitation and Mg-ATPase assays. EDTA- treatment had no effect on the Ca
      sensitivity of squid myosin. (c) Squid mantle actin (squid actin) was prepared by
      the method of Spudich and Watt. Hybrid actomyosin reconstituted by using the pure
      squid actin preparation with skeletal myosin showed no Ca-sensitivity in Mg
      ATPase assay, whereas that reconstituted using crude squid actin showed marked Ca
      sensitivity. The crude squid actin contained four protein components which were
      capable of associating with F-actin in 0.1 M KCl, 1 mM MgCl2 and 20 mM Tris
      maleate (pH7.5). (d) Native tropomyosin was prepared from squid mantle muscle,
      and it conferred Ca-sensitivity on skeletal actomyosin as well as on a hybrid
      actomyosin reconstituted from squid actin and skeletal myosin. (e) Squid native
      tropomyosin was separated into troponin and tropomyosin fractions by placing it
      in 0.4 M LiCl at pH 4.7. The troponin fraction was further purified by DEAE
      cellulose chromatography. Squid troponin thus obtained was different in mobility
      from rabbit skeletal or carp dorsal troponin; three bands of squid troponin
      corresponded to molecular weights of 52,000, 28,000, and 24,000 daltons. It could
      confer Ca-sensitivity in the presence of tropomyosin on skeletal actomyosin as
      well as on a hybrid reconstituted from squid actin and skeletal myosin. (f) Squid
      myosin B, and two hybrid actomyosins were compared as regards Ca and Sr
      requirements for their Mg-ATPase activities. The myosin-linked regulatory system
      rather than the thin-filament-linked regulatory system was predominant in squid
      myosin B. Squid myosin B required higher Ca2+ and Sr2+ concentrations for Mg
      ATPase activity; half-maximal activation of Mg-ATPase was obtained at 0.8 micron
      Ca2+ and 28 micron Sr2+ with skeletal myosin B, and at 2.5 micron Ca2+ and 140
      micron Sr2+ with squid myosin B.

PMID- 153903
TI  - Myosin and actin from Escherichia coli K12 C600.
AB  - Myosin-like protein and actin-like protein from E. coli formed filaments very
      similar in structure to those of myosin and actin from skeletal muscle. At 0.2 M
      KCl, a large number of "thick filaments" of uniform size (about 0.6-0.7 micron
      long and about 20 nm wide) was present. These thick filaments aggregated as the
      KCl concentration decreased to less than 0.2 M. Filaments of actin-like protein
      were decorated with muscle heavy meromyosin, showing "arrowheads". The arrowhead
      structure disappeared in the presence of ATP. A mixture of E. coli myosin-like
      protein and rabbit skeletal actin exhibited a gelation phenomenon on the additon
      of ATP. The phenomenon was reversible and showed ATP specificity. However, the
      gelation phenomenon was not observed with the mixture of E. coli actin-like
      protein and E. coli myosin-like protein. These results provide compelling
      evidence that the E. coli myosin-like protein and actin-like protein we isolated
      are essentially identical to myosin and actin, respectively.

PMID- 153904
TI  - Coupling factor ATPase from Escherichia coli. An uncA mutant (uncA401) with
      defective alpha subunit.
AB  - Inactive coupling factor ATPase (F1) was prepared from an uncoupled mutant
      (uncA401) of Escherichia coli. Reconstitution of ATPase activity was observed
      when alpha subunit from wild-type F1 was added to the dissociated inactive F1 and
      the mixture was dialyzed against buffer containing ATP and Mg2+. ATPase was also
      reconstituted when the mixture of alpha subunit (wild type) and crude extract
      from the mutant was dialyzed against the same buffer. These results indicate that
      the mutant is defective in alpha subunit, suggesting that the uncA401 locus
      carries the structural gene for alpha subunit, and that this polypeptide plays an
      essential role in ATPase activity in F1 molecule.

PMID- 153905
TI  - Structure and function of chicken gizzard myosin.
AB  - In our previous study (Onishi, H., Susuki, H., Nakamura, k., and Watanabe, S. J.
      Biochem. 83, 835-847, 1978), we found it to be characteristic of chicken gizzard
      myosin that thick filaments of gizzard myosin are readily disassembled by a
      stoichiometric amount of ATP (3 mol of ATP per mol of myosin), and that the
      ATPase activity of gizzard myosin in the ATP-disassembled state is much lower
      than that of gizzard myosin disassembled by a high concentration of KCl. We now
      report the following findings: (1) Thick filaments of (unphosphorylated) gizzard
      myosin can be in a bipolar structure or in a non-polar structure, depending on
      the method of preparing the thick filaments. (2) Thick filaments of
      (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin in either the bioplar or the non-polar
      structure are readily disassembled by ATP. (3) Addition of rabbit skeletal C
      protein does not confer ATP resistance on thick filaments of (unphosphorylated)
      gizzard myosin. (4) Unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin in the ATP-disassembled
      state is in a dimeric form as determined by ultracentrifugation. Moreover, 0.2 M
      KCl-dissociated gizzard myosin in monomeric form is converted to a dimeric form
      by ATP. (5) The Mg-ATPase activity of (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin is much
      lower in its dimeric form (less than one-tenth) than in its monomeric form. The
      activity depression observed around 0.15 M KCl is therefore due to the formation
      of myosin dimers. (6) Skeletal L-meromyosin can increase the very low activity of
      (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin ATPase at low ionic strength (0.13 M KCl) by
      forming ATP-resistant hybrid filaments with (unphosphorylated) gizzard myosin,
      preventing the formation of myosin dimers. (7) Gizzard myosin in which one of the
      light-chain components is phosphorylated by myosin light-chain kinase can form
      thick filaments which are resistant to the disassembling action of ATP. (8) Even
      in the presence of ATP, thick filaments of phosphorylated gizzard myosin do not
      disassembled into myosin dimers. Accordingly, the ATPase activity of
      phosphorylated gizzard myosin does not show activity depression at low ionic
      strength.

PMID- 153906
TI  - Interaction of sweet potato beta-amylase with its reaction product, maltose.

PMID- 153907
TI  - The sulfhydryl groups involved in the active site of myosin B
      adenosinetriphosphatase. V. The possible localization of Sa and other sulfhydryl
      groups in myosin rods.

PMID- 153908
TI  - The sulfhydryl groups involved in the active site of myosin B
      adenosinetriphosphatase. VI. A possible role of Sa in the myosin-actin
      interaction.

PMID- 153909
TI  - Odontoblast alkaline phosphatases and Ca2+ transport.
AB  - The same isoenzyme of nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (APase), assayed with p
      nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP), was shown be present in different calcifying
      tissues, bone, calcifying cartilage, odontoblasts and enamel organ. Indications
      were also found that the enzymatic degradation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi)
      in calcifying tissues is mediated by APase. By using specific APase inhibitors,
      it was shown that two enzymes capable of degrading ATP exist. These were
      characterized in dentinogenically active odontoblasts, and it was concluded that
      one is the classical APase, the other is a Ca2+ and Mg2+ activated ATPase, named
      Ca2+-ATPase. The two phosphatases were solubilized from odontoblasts and
      separated. The localization of APase and Ca2+-ATPase in odontoblasts was
      investigated by subcellular fractionation and EM histochemistry. Routine methods
      for fixation were found to almost completely inactivate the enzymes. By using a
      mild fixation technique that preserved 80% of the enzyme activity, the main
      localization for both APase and Ca2+-ATPase was found to be in the membranes of
      intercellular vesicles located in the cell body and odontoblasts process. No
      activity was found in the cell membranes. It is concluded that there are at least
      two enzymes able to degrade phosphate compounds at alkaline pH in hard tissue
      forming cells. One is the nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (APase; EC 3. 1. 3.
      1), which is active against p-NPP, PPi, glycerophosphates and ATP among other
      substrates. The other is a more specific Ca2+-ATPase (EC 3. 6. 1. 3). There seems
      to be an intimate relation between these two enzymes in the tissue. The function
      of APase in biological calcification is still obscure. In contrast, the finding
      of an ATP dependent, intravesicularly directed, transmembranous Ca2+-transport in
      vesicles derived from the microsomal fraction of odontoblasts may explain the
      role of Ca2+-ATPase.

PMID- 153910
TI  - Occurrence and significance of oxygen exchange reactions catalyzed by
      mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase preparations.
AB  - The capacity of various ATPase preparations from beef heart mitochondria to
      catalyze exchange of phosphate oxygens with water has been evaluated. Oligomycin
      sensitive ATPase preparations retain a capacity for considerable intermediate Pi
      equilibrium HOH exchange per Pi formed during ATP hydrolysis at relatively high
      ATP concentration (5 mM). Submitochondrial particles prepared by an ammonia
      Sephadex procedure with 5 mM ATP showed more rapid ATPase, less oligomycin
      sensitivity, and less capacity for intermediate exchange. With these particles,
      intermediate Pi equilibrium HOH exchange per Pi formed was increased as ATP
      concentration was decreased. The purified, soluble ATPase from mitochondria
      catalyzed little or no intermediate Pi equilibrium HOH exchange at 5 mM ATP but
      showed pronounced increase in capacity for such exchange as ATP concentration was
      lowered. The ATPase also showed a weak catalysis of an ADP-stimulated medium Pi
      equilibrium HOH exchange. The results support the alternating catalytic site
      model for ATP synthesis or cleavage. They also demonstrate that a transmembrane
      protonmotive force is not necessary for oxygen exchange reactions. At lower ATP
      concentrations, ADP and Pi formed at a catalytic site appear to remain bound and
      continue to allow exchange of Pi oxygens until ATP binds at another site on the
      enzyme.

PMID- 153911
TI  - A nuclear mutation conferring aurovertin resistance to yeast mitochondrial
      adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - A single gene nuclear yeast mutant was isolated whose mitochondrial F1-ATPase was
      resistant to the specific F1 inhibitor aurovertin. The mutant enzyme was not
      cross-resistant to other F1 inhibitors. The binding of aurovertin to F1 and to
      the two largest F1 subunits (alpha and beta) was measured by enhancement of
      aurovertin fluorescence. Aurovertin bound to wild type F1-ATPase and to its
      monomeric beta subunit with about the same binding constant. It failed to bind to
      wild type alpha subunit or to either F1 or F1 subunits from the mutant. The
      aurovertin-resistant mutant thus contains an altered nuclear gene which specifies
      the structure of the beta subunit of F1.

PMID- 153912
TI  - Results following closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects.
AB  - In a series of 41 patients of ASD (ostium secundum type) corrected by surgery, a
      clinical, radiological, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic follow-up
      study was performed. Good clinical results were obtained but some abnormalities
      can persist postoperatively: RV enlargement, dysrhythmias and mitral valve
      dysfunction.

PMID- 153913
TI  - The cellular basis of the impaired autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction is impaired in patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus. This is because nonthymus-derived (T)-lymphocyte
      preparations from such patients do not stimulate autologous T-lymphocyte
      proliferation normally. This defect may explain the impaired generation of
      suppressor activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and thereby the occurrence of
      autoantibodies in this disease.

PMID- 153915
TI  - From the president.

PMID- 153916
TI  - Introduction of Ralph L. Ireland.

PMID- 153914
TI  - Mechanisms of lymphocyte activation: the role of suppressor cells in the
      proliferative responses of chronic lymphatic leukemia lymphocytes.
AB  - Binding of (125)I-leukoagglutinin (LPHA) to lymphocyte membrane receptors at
      equilibrium generated similar curvilinear Scatchard plots in 20 patients with
      bursa-derived (B)-cell-type chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and 15 controls. If
      biphasic plots are assumed, the two linear components show markedly diminished
      receptor capacity (15 and 137 ng/10(6) lymphocytes) in CLL as compared to
      controls (60 and 668 ng). In contrast, affinity was similar in patients (1.0 x
      10(8) M(-1) and 2.1 x 10(6) M(-1)) and controls (1.8 x 10(8) M(-1) and 1.5 x
      10(6) M(-1)). Highly purified B cells from patients and controls generated
      binding data comparable to that obtained from the mixed lymphocyte (ML)
      suspensions from which they originated. Maximal DNA synthesis of highly purified,
      normal, thymus-derived (T) and B cells in response to LPHA stimulation was
      comparable to that of ML (mitotic index [MI] 19.9, 20.1, and 23.4, respectively),
      though B-cell responses were slightly delayed. In CLL the markedly decreased and
      delayed DNA synthesis by ML (MI 2.3), and by highly purified T (MI 1.6) and B (MI
      1.9) cells seemed out of proportion to their decreased receptor capacity for
      LPHA. The impaired mitogenic responses of leukemic cells from five patients were
      not enhanced when cocultured with normal lymphocytes. In contrast, cells from
      eight patients inhibited cocultured normal lymphocyte responses to LPHA by 94.3%.
      Sera from these patients and supernates from their cultured cells did not mediate
      this suppressor effect. These observations indicate that the decreased DNA
      synthesis observed in CLL is not an attribute of B cells and does not represent
      the expected response of a few residual normal T lymphocytes, but rather reflects
      impaired responses by all CLL cells. The defect does not relate to the density or
      function of membrane receptors for LPHA, to the presence of inhibitors in these
      patients' sera, or to depletion of helper T cells. Our data strongly suggest that
      one mechanism for the immunoincompetence observed in CLL reflects excessive
      suppressor-cell activity.

PMID- 153917
TI  - Commentary on education.

PMID- 153918
TI  - Effects of the interpolated vibratory stimulation on the interdental dimension
      discrimination in normal and joint defect subjects.
AB  - No significant differences in the interdental dimension discrimination (IDD)
      ability were found between normal and joint defect subjects. Furthermore,
      vibration onto the mandible gave similar effects on the nature of IDD in both
      subject groups. Thus, the muscle spindles of masticatory muscles may contribute
      to IDD, but temporomandibular receptors may not.

PMID- 153919
TI  - Localization of the enzyme ATPase in the rat secretory ameloblast by means of
      electron microscopy.

PMID- 153920
TI  - Dermatitis.

PMID- 153921
TI  - Attitudinal differences of faculty and students regarding the care of special
      (handicapped) patients in a dental school clinic.
AB  - Faculty and students were surveyed as to their attitudes regarding the management
      of the special patient. This survey was completed after such a program was in
      existence for three years. Recommendations were made to better realize the
      overall goals of the program, especially that of encouraging the treatment of the
      special patients in the general practice of dentistry.

PMID- 153922
TI  - Eliminating office architectural barriers to dental care of the elderly and
      handicapped.
AB  - Methods by which the most common architectural barriers to dental care for the
      elderly and handicapped can be overcome are described. Some physiological and
      medical conditions that necessitate special provisions in location and design of
      the office management of patients have been described. The consequences of
      accessibility have been discussed and suggestions for management of elderly and
      handicapped patients are presented.

PMID- 153923
TI  - Health science on stamps.

PMID- 153924
TI  - Enabling the disabled.

PMID- 153925
TI  - Tumors of the foot: benign and malignant.

PMID- 153929
TI  - In vivo activity of a nonspecific T cell-replacing factor.
AB  - Nonspecific T cell-replacing factors prepared as supernatants from mixed
      lymphocyte cultures or concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells are active in vivo
      iv injected into nude mice at least 3 days before antigen. The supernatants
      appear to act by enhancing the week IgM responses that occur in untreated nudes.
      Secondary responses and IgG antibody were not found.

PMID- 153930
TI  - Langerhans cells trap tick salivary gland antigens in tick-resistant guinea pigs.
AB  - In the infested skin of tick-resistant guinea pigs, indirect immunofluorescence
      techniques have revealed that antigens from the ticks' salivary glands are
      associated with discrete dendritic cells in the epidermis. Evidence is presented
      to support the suggestion that these antigen-retaining cells are Langerhans
      cells.

PMID- 153931
TI  - Genetic analysis of the mixed lymphocyte reaction in H-1 serologically identical
      inbred rats.

PMID- 153932
TI  - Acceptance hierarchy of handicaps: validation of Kirk's statement, "special
      education often begins where medicine stops".

PMID- 153933
TI  - Differential cyclophosphamide sensitivity of precursor cells in allogeneic and H
      2 restricted cytotoxic responses.
AB  - Spleen cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice responded in vitro to allogeneic
      stimulator cells but not to TNP-coupled syngeneic spleen cells. Similarly, cells
      from female mice, primed in vivo with syngeneic male cells, could not respond in
      vitro to male spleen cell stimulation if the mice were pretreated with
      cyclophosphamide. These results suggest that the precursor cells for H-2
      restricted cytotoxic responses belong to a different T-cell subpopulation than
      the precursor cells for allogeneic responses.

PMID- 153934
TI  - [Papillary cystadeno-lymphomas of the parotid gland].

PMID- 153935
TI  - [Treatment of subglottic-tracheal stenosis].

PMID- 153936
TI  - ["Pachylabyrinthitis"].

PMID- 153937
TI  - [Unusual cysts and fistulas of the laterocervical region].

PMID- 153939
TI  - [Nasal drops, JO 1016].

PMID- 153938
TI  - [A protracted annulitis].

PMID- 153940
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the ossicular chain].

PMID- 153941
TI  - [5 cases of intrathyroid metastasis].

PMID- 153942
TI  - [Thoughts concerning better evaluation of disability in traumatic deafness].

PMID- 153943
TI  - [Wounds of the hypopharnyx].

PMID- 153944
TI  - [Cervico-thoracic flap in repairing of cutaneous excisions in cancers of the
      parotid region].

PMID- 153945
TI  - [External injuries of the larynx: apropos of our personal experience].

PMID- 153946
TI  - [Risk of deafness due to aural instillation of aminoglycosides].

PMID- 153947
TI  - [Fatal form of pleomorphous adenoma of the parotid (recurrence in situ and
      distant localization)].

PMID- 153948
TI  - [Tumorous form of laryngeal tuberculosis].

PMID- 153949
TI  - [A new molecule with anti-infective activity in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 153950
TI  - Regional brain levels of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in Huntington's disease.

PMID- 153951
TI  - Enzyme histochemistry on skeletal muscle of the human foetus.
AB  - The differentiation of fibre types in developing human skeletal muscle was
      studied. The material consisted of muscle samples from different muscles of 86
      foetuses (abortions) between 12 weeks gestation and delivery and 50 children 1
      day to 7 years old. The latter samples were obtained at surgery. Histochemical
      stains for myofibrillar ATPase were made after preincubations at pH 4.3, 4.6 and
      10.3 in order to identify the subgroups A and B of type II fibres and
      undifferentiated fibres (type II C). Stains for glycogen and lipids were also
      performed as well as for NADH-diaphorase and alpha-glycerophosphate
      dehydrogenase. After 20 weeks gestation a few large size type I fibers could be
      found in some muscles, but not until after the 30th week were some type II A
      fibres seen. During the last 3 months of gestation a very rapid further
      differentiation occurred, but at delivery the differentiation process was still
      not completed. At birth 15-20% of the fibres were classified as undifferentiated.
      This picture only gradually changed with a slow increase in the number of type I,
      II A and II B fibres. The stains for metabolic enzymes and substrates were pale
      until late in foetal life when some distinction between fibre types became
      discernible.

PMID- 153953
TI  - Studies on levamisole, a potentially useful drug in the treatment of Behcet's
      syndrome.
AB  - The anthelmintic drug, levamisole, was shown to amplify the response of human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes to vegetable mitogens. A similar enhancement of
      blast formation in the mixed lymphocyte culture was also demonstrated. High
      concentrations of the drug led to depression of both of these responses. These
      observations led to studies in a rat breast cancer model in which
      immunopotentiation was demonstrated in vivo, and this effect was associated with
      tumor regression. As in the human in vitro studies, high doses of the drug were
      not associated with augmentation of the immune response and in this circumstance
      no inhibition of tumor growth was observed. Assuming that potentiation of immune
      responsiveness is of benefit to patients suffering from Behcet's syndrome, the
      development of clinical trials employing levamisole appears justified, as long as
      the drug dosage is carefully monitored.

PMID- 153952
TI  - Some quantitative biochemical evaluations of developing skeletal muscles in the
      human foetus.
AB  - This study was performed to obtain a more precise quantitative estimation of
      oxidative and glycolytic potentials and stores of various substrates of the
      muscles in the human foetus. The material consisted of muscle samples from
      different muscles, a total of 166 muscle specimens from 65 foetuses and 55
      skeletal muscle specimens from 53 infants and children. The latter samples were
      obtained at surgery. The activities for succinate dehydrogenase and
      phosphofructokinase were chosen as markers for mitochondrial and cytoplasmatic
      enzymes respectively. Glycogen, triglyceride and phosphagen levels were studied.
      Water and protein content of the muscle tissue undergo continuous changes during
      foetal life and were therefore also included in the study. The SDH activity was
      low during gestation and reached a value of 2-3 mmoles/kg w.wt. X min at
      delivery. The PFK activity was also low during gestation, but around 25 weeks
      gestation a value of 3-4 mmoles/kg w.wt. X min was common, and around delivery
      time about 7 mmoles/kg w.wt. X min. At 1-5 years the PFK activity was around 11
      12 mmoles/kg w.wt. X min, which is similar to adult muscles. Glycogen content
      varied, but increased during gestation. In the last trimester of gestation a
      value of 62-92 mmoles units/kg w.wt. was found. The triglyceride content at the
      end of the gestation time was 3-16 mmoles glycerol/kg w.wt. The phosphagen levels
      were quite low all through foetal life, averaging between 0.5 and 3 mmoles/kg for
      ATP and CP concentrations.

PMID- 153954
TI  - Myelofibrosis and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child with Down syndrome.

PMID- 153955
TI  - Effect of ATP on amino acid transport by Hymenolepis diminuta.

PMID- 153956
TI  - Effects of various numbers of adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis on lung
      lysophospholipase activities and bone marrow eosinophil levels of specific
      pathogen-free rats.

PMID- 153957
TI  - Immunoglobulins in human dental plaque.

PMID- 153958
TI  - Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with juvenile and rapidly progressing
      periodontitis.

PMID- 153959
TI  - Chemotactic activity in periodontal disease. I. The role of complement in
      monocyte chemotaxis.

PMID- 153960
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of inflammation induced in rats by injection of antigen
      antibody precipitates. Changes in palatal bone and periosteum to a single
      exposure.

PMID- 153961
TI  - The phenotypic characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations in established human
      periodontal disease.

PMID- 153962
TI  - Spiramycin as a selective dental plaque control agent. Laboratory data.

PMID- 153963
TI  - The effect of systemic antimicrobial therapy on plaque and gingivitis in dogs.

PMID- 153964
TI  - Bone tissue reactions to periodontal dressings.

PMID- 153966
TI  - Development of a force controlled periodontal probing instrument.

PMID- 153965
TI  - Regeneration of surgically removed buccal alveolar bone in dogs.

PMID- 153967
TI  - Comment on "personality organization as an aspect of back pain in a medical
      setting".
AB  - The methodology and results of a recent investigation by Louks, Freeman, and
      Calsyn (1978) are reviewed. It is demonstrated that the results may have been
      confounded by inappropriate experimental procedures. Regardless of the
      methodological deficiencies associated with the experimental procedures, the
      results do not provide adequate support for the continued differentiation of
      individual low back pain patients with respect to the etiology of their pain. It
      is suggested that psychologists may best contribute to the assessment and
      treatment of individual pain patients by developing actuarial rules regarding the
      pain-related behavioral characteristics shared by members of various patient
      subgroups and the specific treatments to which subgroup members best respond.

PMID- 153968
TI  - [Fluorophotometric determination of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in urine by
      ion-pair extraction (author's transl)].

PMID- 153969
TI  - Effects of brain serotonin alterations on prostaglandin E1-induced bradycardia in
      rats.
AB  - The vasodepressor and bradycardia responses of saline control, serotonin-depleted
      and serotonin-potentiated rats to an intravenous dose of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)
      were assessed under the urethane anesthesia. Elevation of serotonin concentration
      in brain with either 5-hydroxytryptophan (a serotonin precursor) or
      chlorimipramine (an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake), although causing no changes
      in vasodepressor reuptake), although causing no changes in vasodepressor
      response, did enhance the PGE1-induced bradycardia in contrast, depleting
      serotonin concentration in brain with either p-chlorophenylalanine or 5,7
      dihydroxytryptamine greatly reduced the PGE1-induced bradycardia without changes
      in vasodepressor response. Moreover, the reduced PGE1 bradycardia induced by p
      chlorophenylalanine treatment was readily reversed by the replacement of the
      depleted brain serotonin with 5-hydroxytryptophan in combination with a
      peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor Ro4-4602. The data indicate that brain
      serotonergic systems play a role in the elaboration or modulation of the PGE1
      induced bradycardia. Specifically, brain serotonin seems to facilitate the PGE1
      induced bradycardia since its depletion causes a decrease and its potentiation or
      elevation causes an increase in the PGE1-induced bradycardia.

PMID- 153970
TI  - Selecting a wheelchair: helping your patient make the best choice.

PMID- 153971
TI  - Daily dental hygiene for the handicapped patient.

PMID- 153972
TI  - Awkward medicolegal problems in asbestos workers.

PMID- 153973
TI  - Effect of glibornuride on diabetic control and glucose tolerance.

PMID- 153974
TI  - Awkward medicolegal problems in asbestos-induced disease. Problems in law.

PMID- 153975
TI  - Trisomy 21 with 47,+18 lymphocyte cell line: double mitotic nondisjunction.
AB  - A patient with Down's syndrome was found to have 47,XX,+18/47,XX,+21 mosaicism.
      Chromosome 18 trisomy was found only in 18% of lymphocytes and not in skin
      fibroblasts. A likely interpretation is double nondisjunction in a single
      lymphocyte precursor of a trisomy 21 embryo. A brief review of other cases of
      mitotic multiple nondisjunction and double aneuploid mosiacism is presented.

PMID- 153976
TI  - Reproduction in a woman with mosaicism.

PMID- 153977
TI  - Low Back School: a conservative method for the treatment of low back pain.

PMID- 153978
TI  - Allergic reaction to doxorubicin.

PMID- 153979
TI  - Need for U-40 insulin.

PMID- 153980
TI  - Adverse reactions to cromolyn.
AB  - The frequency of adverse reactions (dermatitis, myositis, and gastroenteritis) to
      cromolyn sodium in asthmatic patients was 2% (B/375). Reactions were non-life
      threatening and completely reversible. Immunologic evaluations, including skin
      and serum tests for immediate and delayed reactivity, all were negative. Adverse
      reactions to cromolyn do not appear to be based on an immunologic mechanism.
      Cromolyn appears to be a safe drug for the treatment of asthma.

PMID- 153981
TI  - [Studies on released-ADP and membrane glycoprotein in platelets of patients with
      Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and essential athrombia (author's transl)].

PMID- 153982
TI  - [Advantages and disadvantages of team nursing: re-evaluation of the nursing
      system in the ward for children with physical and mental disabilities].

PMID- 153983
TI  - Incorporation of 15N administered to germfree and SPF piglets as 15N-urea into
      amino acids of hydrolyzed liver and muscle proteins.

PMID- 153984
TI  - Evidence for long-lasting tumor immunity in a syngeneic rat lymphoma model:
      correlation of in vitro findings with in vivo observations.
AB  - Previous studies concerning the tumor-host relationship in the (C58NT)D rat tumor
      system indicated that some T-lymphocyte responses against tumor antigens were
      only transiently detectable after tumor inoculation; however, more sensitive
      procedures for the detection of proliferative responses in the mixed lymphocyte
      tumor interaction (MLTI ) have been developed. Upon reexamination of the kinetics
      of this response, positive responses were detected as long as 650 days after
      inoculation. Cytotoxic effector cells could be generated in MLTI with lymphocytes
      from immune WF rats as long as 1 year after inoculation, and evidence was
      provided which indicated that the persistence of the responses observed in vitro
      correlated well with the resistance of immune rats to rechallenge with (C58NT)D
      tumor cells in vivo.

PMID- 153985
TI  - [Combined laparoscopy in emergency surgery of the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 153986
TI  - [Treatment of severe forms of pneumonia in an intensive care units].

PMID- 153987
TI  - The role of prevention or relief of pressure overload on the myocardial cell of
      the spontaneously hypertensive rat: a morphometric and stereologic study.

PMID- 153988
TI  - Total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. How to deal with the complicated
      ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosis.
AB  - Ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosis may be complicated by
      deformity at the anastomotic site leading to discontinuity between pulmonary
      artery branches. Simple closure of such shunts through the ascending aorta is
      associated with residual stenosis and pressure gradients. An alternative approach
      which allows reconstruction of the entire intrapericardial pulmonary arterial
      system at the initial corrective operation is described. The transection of the
      ascending aorta facilitates the exposure necessary for this extensive repair. Two
      illustrative cases are presented.

PMID- 153989
TI  - Repair of pulmonary arterial stenosis after Waterston-Cooley anastomosis.
AB  - Within the spectrum of neonatal congenital cyanotic heart disease, emergent
      surgery is often necessary to correct profound pulmonary hypoperfusion. An
      ascending aorto-to-pulmonary artery anastomosis (Waterston-Cooley) has proved to
      be the preferred procedure in selected patients. A new technique to correct the
      occasional resultant pulmonary arterial deformity is presented which is performed
      concomitantly with definitive intracardiac correction.

PMID- 153990
TI  - Calcium sensitivity of myocardial actomyosin ATPase in young and mature male
      Fischer rats. A brief note.
AB  - Although myocardial actomyosin ATPase specific activity determined at Ca2+ levels
      of 1 x 10(-3) to 1 x 10(-2) M is consistently higher in two-month old male
      Fischer rats than in twelve-month old individuals, this difference can be
      eliminated if the enzyme is assayed at lower calcium concentrations. This
      suggests that the previously reported, declining actomyosin ATPase activity in
      the rat myocardium with advancing age may represent an age-related diminished
      ability of calcium to reverse the known inhibition upon actomyosin ATPase by the
      regulatory proteins.

PMID- 153991
TI  - Medical treatment of glomerular diseases.

PMID- 153992
TI  - [The inhibitor factor of leukocyte migration in acne vulgaris].
AB  - The inhibition factor of the leukocytic migration was studied in 26 patients with
      Acne Vulgaris, stages III and IV, being positive in all the cases. The LIF
      positive shows the mobilisation of lymphocytic population, answering an active
      and constant immunologic conflict. As the PA is antigenic, because it produces a
      blastification (TTL positive), we can say that it acts as antigen provoking
      immunologic mechanisms with help to explain the inflammatory process at the
      pilosebaceous follicle in the AV.

PMID- 153993
TI  - [In vitro blastogenic response of lymphocytes in acne vulgaris (II) fusing as
      mitogens isolated from Propionibacterium acnes].

PMID- 153994
TI  - On the diagnostic term "Down's disease".

PMID- 153995
TI  - [Local treatment of acne with tioxolone].

PMID- 153996
TI  - [A Swedish case of beta lactamase producing gonococci?].

PMID- 153997
TI  - Reliability of dapsone self-administration by leprosy patients in the Rangoon
      area.

PMID- 153998
TI  - Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome). Glutathione peroxidase, hexose monophoshate shunt
      and I.Q.

PMID- 153999
TI  - [Experience of the "Red Guard" Leningrad Manufacturing Combine in increasing
      production and acclerating the development and introduction of new medical
      technology in industry].

PMID- 154000
TI  - [Long-term complex plan for technical reorganization of technological processes].
AB  - New technological processes introduced in the manufacturing combine
      "Krasnogvardeets" and planned for adopting conformable to a long-range complex
      programme of technical reorganization of technological processes are briefly
      described.

PMID- 154001
TI  - [Experience in developing and introducing a system of defect-free work as a stage
      in creating a complex system of production quality control].
AB  - An experience in working out and introduction of a system of failure-free
      performance work as one of the most important steps in creating a complex system
      for the production quality control at the Leningrad combine "Krasnogvardeets" is
      described. Issues related to elaborating, introduction and further improving the
      system of the failure-free work, its pecuniary stimulation and setting up
      standards for the enterprise are discussed. Under consideration are also problems
      of organizing a unitized service for the quantity control, as an organ called to
      secure coordination and quidance over these operations at the combine in this
      industry.

PMID- 154002
TI  - [Experience in developing and manufacturing anesthetic-respiratory apparatus in
      the "Red Guard" combine].
AB  - Unification of basic subassemblies in the apparatus for inhalation anesthesia and
      artificial ventilation of the lungs is in wide practice. This helped achieve a
      high quality of the manufactured units with the diversity of models for the
      anesthetic-respiratory apparatus, put out by the Leningrad manufacturing combine
      "Krasnogvardeets".

PMID- 154004
TI  - The cytoskeleton and cell movement: general considerations.
AB  - The cytoskeletal proteins, actin, myosin, tubulin, dynein, and their associated
      proteins, are discussed selectively with regards to their biochemical and
      structural properties. Particular emphasis is placed on the comparison of non
      muscle proteins to their muscle counterparts, and on the various mechanisms for
      regulating actin polymerization, actin-myosin interaction, and tubulin
      polymerization. This review as well as the bibliography accompanying it is
      selective. An attempt is made to stress the most recent findings and to emphasize
      those areas which appear to hold the greatest promise for future research.

PMID- 154003
TI  - The effect of age on the character of immune complex disease: a comparison of the
      incidence and relative size of materials reactive with Clq in sera of patients
      with glomerulonephritis and cancer.
AB  - The impact of aging on the severity of chronic immune-complex glomerulonephritis
      was studied in 144 patients from whom diagnostic renal biopsies were obtained
      over a 3-year period. Glomerulonephritis was related to an antecedent
      streptococcal infection in nine of these patients. In 58, glomerulonephritis
      occurred in association with a systemic disease; 27 of these had lupus
      erythematosus. At the time of the renal biopsy, serum creatinines were more
      frequently abnormal in men over 40 years of age. Similarly, histological evidence
      of irreversible glomerular injury was more evident in men over 40. Histological
      indices of renal glomerular injury correlated with the presence of intense
      fluorescent antibody reactions specific for C3 and C4 and IgG in the glomeruli.
      High serum Clq binding activities (Clq BA), an indication of the presence of
      circulating immune complexes, also were found significantly more often in males
      over 40. High serum Clq BA correlated with renal functional and biopsy evidence
      of severe glomerulonephritis. The renal biopsies in 89 cases were tested with
      fluorescein-conjugated heat-aggregated IgG (FAIgG) to determine how many
      contained focal immunoglobulin deposits with antiglobulin activity. Antiglobulins
      were detected in glomeruli of 24 patients and were found significantly more often
      in biopsies which revealed histological evidence of severe and irreversible
      histological injury. Binding of FAIgG was not selectively associated with any sex
      or age groups. Thus, detection of circulating immune complex-like materials in
      sera and the presence of glomerular deposits with antiglobulin activity were both
      features associated with severe glomerular injury. Both correlated with the
      quantity of complement deposited in the glomeruli. But only serum Clq binding
      activity was age and sex related. Similarly, in cancer patients, abnormal Clq BA
      were found more frequently in sera of older men with cancer but not in age- and
      sex-matched controls. Examination of selected sera by sucrose density gradient
      ultracentrifugation revealed that the complexes from cancer patients were
      relatively small (less than 19S greater than 7S) whereas those in most nephritis
      patients were heterogeneous in size. Sera with relatively high Clq binding
      activity from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis tended to contain
      relatively greater quantities of Clq binding materials sedimenting more rapidly
      than 19S.

PMID- 154006
TI  - Prevention of handicap. Special care of babies in the community: how can we
      improve our service?

PMID- 154005
TI  - Metabolism of renal microvessels.

PMID- 154007
TI  - New information system could serve as reimbursement, rate-setting model.

PMID- 154008
TI  - HEW permits Hill-Burton refinancing.

PMID- 154009
TI  - Blue Cross restrictions won't cut diagnostic test.

PMID- 154010
TI  - Quality assurance activities revamped.

PMID- 154011
TI  - Cost containment to get a closer look.

PMID- 154012
TI  - Pharmacy catalogue will boost drug buying volume of Milwaukee council.

PMID- 154013
TI  - Food service: higher costs give contractors boost.

PMID- 154014
TI  - Multihospital groups to drop social security?

PMID- 154015
TI  - Physicians locate where benefits best.

PMID- 154016
TI  - Young hospital administrator of year maintains public hospital's viability.

PMID- 154017
TI  - Past award winners lead industry.

PMID- 154018
TI  - Design-builders note business upturn.

PMID- 154019
TI  - HBE Corp. turns design-build concept into a multimillion dollar business.

PMID- 154020
TI  - Hospitals can get more out of United Way.

PMID- 154022
TI  - Design-build requires close administrator involvement.

PMID- 154021
TI  - Support Sears.

PMID- 154023
TI  - Packagers, independent architects compete for hospital design business.

PMID- 154024
TI  - Design-builders offer fewer options.

PMID- 154026
TI  - Hospitals merge, affiliate.

PMID- 154025
TI  - Multihospital groups need marketing.

PMID- 154027
TI  - Committees direct computerization.

PMID- 154028
TI  - Industry draws SHUR battlelines.

PMID- 154030
TI  - Businesses hiring PSROs to help hold down healthcare expenditures.

PMID- 154029
TI  - Dying man can stop life support, court rules.

PMID- 154031
TI  - Cost of pregnancy benefits soaring.

PMID- 154032
TI  - Insurers promote second opinion; offer discount.

PMID- 154034
TI  - Affiliates, HCA lead way in management additions.

PMID- 154033
TI  - I.V. producers cut prices in fight over contracts.

PMID- 154035
TI  - HEW official defends use of SHUR.

PMID- 154036
TI  - New Carter cost bill worries lobbyists.

PMID- 154037
TI  - Carter bill exempts many hospitals.

PMID- 154038
TI  - Blue Cross pushes for cost containment.

PMID- 154039
TI  - Reality shock.

PMID- 154040
TI  - Limits on tax breaks threaten charity.

PMID- 154041
TI  - Hospital associations add services to combat government overregulation.

PMID- 154043
TI  - Dues rose 36% annually during past five years.

PMID- 154042
TI  - Neely beefs up HAP with specialists.

PMID- 154045
TI  - Proprietary systems have more specialists on staff.

PMID- 154046
TI  - The 38 largest proprietary multihospital systems.

PMID- 154044
TI  - 87 multihospital systems grew 10%; predict 9% expansion in 1979.

PMID- 154047
TI  - The 49 largest voluntary multihospital systems.

PMID- 154048
TI  - Multiunits follow opposite strategies for same aims.

PMID- 154049
TI  - New Jersey testing new DRG-based rate setting.

PMID- 154050
TI  - Rate setting: SHUR to provide data.

PMID- 154051
TI  - Lighting offers best energy savings.

PMID- 154052
TI  - Self-insurance succeeds despite risks.

PMID- 154053
TI  - Bond indentures can be very costly.

PMID- 154054
TI  - HSA must abide by its own rules, court says.

PMID- 154055
TI  - Reversion and interallelic complementation at four urease loci in Neurospora
      crassa.
AB  - Analysis of heat stability of urease in extracts of 24 revertants, six for each
      of four ure loci, revealed that at least one revertant for each locus had a heat
      stability about one-third that of wild type. Similar results were obtained with
      urease formed by interallelic complementation at the ure-2 and ure-4 loci, but
      interallelic complementation at the ure-1 and ure-3 loci produced insufficient
      urease activity for analysis. The data are interpreted to suggest, as a tentative
      model, a structural function for each of the four ure loci.

PMID- 154056
TI  - Sterol content and enzyme defects of nystatin-resistant mutants of Neurospora
      crassa.
AB  - Non-saponifiable cell extracts of wild type and sterol mutants of N. crassa were
      analysed by means of gas-liquid chromatography. The wild-type contained
      ergosterol and episertol in a 10:1 ratio. None of the mutants was able to
      synthesize ergosterol. Three of the mutants carry single recessive gene mutations
      cauisng blocks in the terminal steps of ergosterol biosynthesis: erg-1 has an
      inactive delta 8 leads to delta 7 isomerase erg-2 has an inactive 24(28)
      hydrogenase, and erg-4 has an inactive C-24 methyl transferase. Some of the
      mutants accumulated novel sterols as a result of their enzyme defects. The genes
      erg-1 and erg-2 were mapped close to inl on the right arm of chromosome V.

PMID- 154057
TI  - The mitochondrially encoded "phantom ATPase" of S. cerevisiae. II. A
      heterogeneous mitochondrial ATPase population in situ.

PMID- 154060
TI  - ["Ischias antica et postica." A scheme of neurological investigation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A scheme of neurological investigation is presented which combines anamnesis,
      clinical findings, electrophysiological data, course and postoperative
      documentation for the radicular processes of the lumbo-sacral region (ischias
      antica et postica).

PMID- 154059
TI  - Characterization of the plasma membrane ATPase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - 1. The distribution of ATPase and several marker enzymes was examined after
      differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation of yeast homogenates. 2. An
      ATPase activity not sensitive to oligomycin is found exclusively associated with
      a particulate fraction equilibrating at densities of 1.23-1.25. This particulate
      material shows the chemical and enzymatic characteristics of the yeast plasma
      membrane. 3. The pH optimum of the plasma membrane ATPase is 5.6, as compared
      with 8.5 for the mitochondrial ATPase. In addition to oligomycin, the enzyme is
      not sensitive to other inhibitors of the mitochondrial ATPase as azide,
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and the mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor protein. It is
      inhibited by p-chloromercuryphenyl sulfonate, fluoride, quercetin and by the
      antibiotic Dio-9 but is not affected by ouabain. 4. The plasma membrane ATPase
      shows a high affinity for ATP (Km = 0.1 mM) and is very specific for this
      compound, hydrolyzing other nucleotide triphosphates less than 25% as rapidly. No
      activity was detected with ADP. 5. The enzyme requires a divalent cation for
      activity and Mg2+ is the most effective. It is not significantly stimulated by K+
      or bicarbonate and Ca2+ is inhibitory. 6. The activity cannot be assayed in
      intact cells unless they are permeabilized with toluene. This suggest that the
      active site is on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 154061
TI  - [Myocardial infarct, lung embolism or spontaneous pneumothorax?].

PMID- 154058
TI  - Biophysical studies on agents affecting the state of membrane lipids: biochemical
      and pharmacological implications.
AB  - The phospholipid requirement of membrane-bound enzymes may depend on several
      reasons. In our laboratory we have investigated lipids (1) as a bidimensional
      medium required for the movement of Coenzyme Q, a lipid-soluble cofactor of the
      mitochondrial respiratory chain, and (2) as a hydrophobic environment necessary
      to impose the proper conformation to membrane-bound enzymic proteins. We have
      found that Coenzyme Q, once reduced by NADH dehydrogenase, must cross the inner
      mitochondrial membrane; only quinones having long isoprenoid side chains can
      easily cross phospholipid bilayers, and this is the reason why a short chain
      quinone such as CoQ-3 inhibits NADH oxidation. The incapability of short quinones
      to cross lipid bilayers is due to their disposition in the lipid bilayer, stacked
      within the phospholipids. The conformational role of lipids has been investigated
      indirectly observing the kinetics of membrane-bound enzymes, e.g. the
      mitochondrial ATPase, and directly by circular dichroism. Lipid removal or lipid
      perturbation with organic solvents induce a decrease of alpha-helical content in
      mitochondrial proteins, and give rise to a series of kinetic changes in ATPase,
      including uncompetitive inhibition, increased activation energy, and loss of
      cooperativity in oligomycin inhibition. The recognition of a conformational role
      of lipids has allowed us to postulate a working hypothesis for the mechanism of
      action of general anesthetics. Such drugs have been found by us, by means of spin
      labels and fluorescent probes, to disrupt lipid protein interactions in several
      membranes, including synaptic membranes. The loosening of such interactions is
      believed to induce conformational changes, which will alter ion transport systems
      necessary to the propagation of neural impulses. Conformational changes induced
      by anesthetics have been found by us both directly by circular dichroism and
      indirectly by enzyme kinetics. The conformational effect of anesthetics is not
      directly exerted on the proteins but is mediated through the lipids. In agreement
      with this hypothesis we have found that membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase is
      inhibited by anesthetics, whereas the solubilized enzyme is not inhibited.
      However, binding of the solubilized enzyme to phospholipids restores anesthetic
      inhibition.

PMID- 154062
TI  - Reversal of impaired splenic function in patients with nephritis or vasculitis
      (or both) by plasma exchange.
AB  - By studying the clearance of autologous labeled antibody-coated or heat-damaged
      erythrocytes, we showed that reversible blockade of the splenic component of
      reticuloendothelial function existed in 14 of 15 patients referred for treatment
      of nephritis or vasculitis. In 10 patients treated by plasma exchange--alone in
      three and combined with steroids and cytotoxic drugs in six--reversal of splenic
      blockade followed in nine, and in the three patients treated solely by plasma
      exchange this reversal was demonstrated to occur within 48 hours of the
      procedure. Only gradual reversal of splenic blockade was found in three of five
      patients treated by steroids with or without cytotoxic drugs; no change in
      splenic function was observed in two. When circulating immune complexes were
      detected by a C1q-binding assay, there was, in serial studies, an approximate
      inverse correlation between splenic function and the level of C1q-binding
      material, though hyposplenism was also a feature of patients in whom the C1q
      binding assay was negative.

PMID- 154063
TI  - Studies of the fluorescence of fibroblasts from Huntington's disease: evidence of
      a membrane abnormality.

PMID- 154064
TI  - Complete protection from low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice.

PMID- 154065
TI  - Cytolytic and proliferative activity of a permanent T killer cell line.

PMID- 154066
TI  - Calcium does not inhibit active sliding of microtubules from mussel gill cilia.

PMID- 154068
TI  - [Physicians as experts before the judge].

PMID- 154067
TI  - T-cell lines which cooperate in generation of specific cytolytic activity.

PMID- 154070
TI  - [The significance of allergologic studies in drug eruptions].

PMID- 154069
TI  - [Current dermatological problem: skin diseases caused by pesticides].

PMID- 154071
TI  - [Nondiscal surgical sciaticas].

PMID- 154072
TI  - Spinal subdural empyema: report of two cases.
AB  - Spinal subdural empyema (SSE) is a rare variety of intraspinal infection. SSE
      should be suspected in patients presenting with fever, back pain, and signs of
      cord or nerve root compression. Two patients with SSE are presented. The first
      patient complained of fever and back pain. She had no neurological deficit but
      was found to have SSE. The second patient, who presented with intracerebral
      hemorrhage in the fifth month of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion, was found to
      have SSE at lumbar puncture. The clinical manifestations and management are
      discussed.

PMID- 154073
TI  - Spinal subarachnoid hematoma after lumbar puncture producing acute thoracic
      myelopathy: case report.
AB  - A case of subarachnoid hematoma after a difficult lumbar puncture and
      anticoagulation is presented. Subarachnoid adhesions preventing the free flow of
      spinal fluid at the T-6 level served to limit the cranial progression of the
      hemorrhage and produced a transverse myelopathy at that level. The underlying
      pathology, clinical course, and myelographic findings are reviewed. Pertinent
      literature is presented.

PMID- 154074
TI  - [Immunologic reactions in vitro to abnormal forms of Salmonella typhimurium
      induced in the presence of fosfomycin].

PMID- 154075
TI  - An interview with Robert L. Clyman. The role of the pedodontist.

PMID- 154076
TI  - Pedodontists emphasize design, function in their offices.

PMID- 154077
TI  - [Total, prolonged situational sobering with very high alcohol concentration
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 154078
TI  - [Report on mass miniature radiography of the Augsburg population (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 154079
TI  - [Air-borne germ count in operating theaters (author's transl)].

PMID- 154080
TI  - [Can the medicine-man be substituted? medical services for the aborigines (Orang
      Asli) in West Malaysia (author's transl)].

PMID- 154081
TI  - [Preparation of a zonal register of noxious pollutants in accordance with the
      drinking water ordinance (author's transl)].

PMID- 154083
TI  - [Orthopaedic school gymnastics in an administrative district. Evaluation and
      conclusions (author's transl)].

PMID- 154082
TI  - [Review of the history of medical care of prisoners in Berlin (author's transl)].

PMID- 154084
TI  - [Thoughts on continued education for physicians in the public health service].

PMID- 154085
TI  - The cornea in connective tissue diseases.
AB  - Even though lenticular and retinal abnormalities seem to dominate the
      ophthalmologic picture in Marfan's syndrome, the cornea shows significant
      abnormalities consisting of a striking flattening and corneal astigmatism. The
      use of conjunctival biopsies followed by histochemical and electron-microscopic
      evaluation shows low morbidity but an excellent yield of diagnostic information
      on storage diseases, and an ectopic collagen may be the basis of at least one
      type of keratoconus. Much more work has to be done on defining the collagens of
      the human eye in embryologic, fetal, and postnatal stages under normal and
      pathologic conditions. The yield of such studies may be high for an understanding
      of such diseases as myopia, retinal detachment, and keratoconus.

PMID- 154086
TI  - [Main trends and perspectives in prophylaxis of Down's syndrome].

PMID- 154087
TI  - [Clinico-anatomical aspects of chromosomal diseases and congenital
      malformations].

PMID- 154088
TI  - To our valentine: it's been a good day, today.

PMID- 154089
TI  - Picture quiz: Down's syndrome.

PMID- 154090
TI  - Counseling the parents of birth-defective children.
AB  - Parents of a child who is diagnosed as defective face a crisis for which they are
      usually unprepared. They need an opportunity to work through their intense
      feelings. In addition, they need specific information about how to be of use to
      their child. Self-help groups composed of parents of children with a similar
      handicap can be a resource of great value during this crisis as well as in the
      years that follow. When such groups are not available, parents can be placed in
      contact with a family that is effectively raising a child with the same handicap
      or an adult who has successfully coped with it. Physicians should be aware of
      their own feelings regarding handicaps and of the effect these may have on
      efforts to help parents.

PMID- 154091
TI  - Advances in immunology.

PMID- 154092
TI  - Home and hospital treatment of severe back pain using skin traction.

PMID- 154093
TI  - Cutaneous reaction to labetalol.

PMID- 154094
TI  - Tetracycline and proteolytic enzymes in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

PMID- 154095
TI  - [Use of leukocytic antichalones for the stimulation of DNA synthesis in bone
      marrow cells in experimental radiation sickness].

PMID- 154096
TI  - [Effectiveness of the observation in the O and VII groups under dispensary
      registration].

PMID- 154097
TI  - [Methods of improving informative orientation of specialists in phthisiology].

PMID- 154098
TI  - [Development and achievements of phthisiological anesthesiology and
      resuscitation].

PMID- 154099
TI  - [Occupational therapy in complex treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in a
      sanatorium].

PMID- 154100
TI  - The role of methylprednisolone in the modulation of cellular cytotoxicity and its
      relation to renal transplantation.
AB  - Inhibition of killer cell generation or suppression of their cytolytic capacity
      once formed represent fundamental mechanisms by which methylprednisolone may
      modulate cellular cytotoxicity in the transplant recipient. In vitro studies in
      mixed lymphocyte culture demonstrated that the presence of therapeutic
      concentrations of this agent (0.001-1 microgram/ml) during the sensitisation
      phase resulted in suppression of lymphocyte activation without cytolysis and
      marked or total inhibition of killer cell generation. A considerable individual
      variation in sensitivity to methylprednisolone-induced suppression was observed
      and killer cells once generated were resistant to this agent.

PMID- 154101
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis on children born of parents treated with immunosuppressive
      drugs.
AB  - Two women previously treated with cyclophosphamide had five pregnancies,
      resulting in seven normal offspring, including two sets of twins. All the babies
      had normal chromosome constitution and there was no significant chromosome
      damage. Apart from the twin pregnancies, which were induced, the pregnancies
      continued to full term and the birth weights were good. Men with renal
      transplants receiving azathioprine and prednisolone fathered 13 pregnancies,
      resulting in 11 offspring; one was a mongol; there were two spontaneous
      abortions, including a twin pregnancy. With the exception of the mongol, the
      babies had normal chromosome constitution and there was no significant chromosome
      damage. Two women with renal transplants receiving azathioprine and prednisolone
      have had four pregnancies, two ended in spontaneous abortion and two continue.

PMID- 154102
TI  - Changes in the aorta, the lingual and mandibular arteries, and gingival
      arterioles in experimental arteriosclerosis. A histological and enzyme
      histochemical study on the rat.

PMID- 154103
TI  - Interaction of RNA polymerase and rho in transcription termination: coupled
      ATPase.
AB  - We have previously described temperature sensitive rho mutants of Escherichia
      coli (e.g., rho15) that are defective in transcription termination at various
      signals, including an IS2 DNA insertion in the gal operon [Das, A., Court, D. &
      Adhya, S. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 73, 1959-1963]. In this paper, we
      report the isolation of mutants altered in the beta subunit of RNA polymerase (a
      class of Rifampicin-resistant mutants), which restore gal IS2 polarity in the rho
      15 strain. It has been shown that one of these suppressor RNA polymerases
      (rpoB101) requires rho to terminate transcription of phage lambda mRNA. In
      contrast to the wild type RNA polymerase, the suppressor RNA polymerase also
      terminates lambda mRNA transcription in the presence of rho15 protein. We have
      isolated new rho mutants (e.g., rho112) that are defective in transcription
      termination in the rpoB101 strain. These results strongly support the notion that
      rho and RNA polymerase interact functionally during transcription termination. We
      have shown that rho15 catalyzes ATP hydrolysis during transcription with rpoB101
      RNA polymerase, but not with wild-type RNA polymerase. Because rho 15 protein
      hydrolyzes ATP in the presence of free RNA, we suggest that rho may recognize the
      3'-OH end of RNA. During transcription, this recognition involves an interaction
      with RNA polymerase, resulting in the displacement of the polymerase and the
      release of the nascent mRNA.

PMID- 154104
TI  - Natural killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity are independent
      immune functions in the Minnesota miniature swine.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from Minnesota miniature pigs were tested for
      natural killing (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in a 2-
      to 4-hr 51Cr release assay against human myeloid and lymphoid tumor target cells.
      Adult specific pathogen-free and germfree animals exhibited normal levels of
      activity in both assays. In addition, the NK and ADCC activities of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from colostrum-deprived newborn piglets were examined. These
      animals were obtained by hysterectomy and previously shown to be immunologically
      "virgin." We found that these newborn piglets exhibited normal ADCC but lacked NK
      activity. The differences in the ontogeny of the two activities suggest that they
      are distinct. Preliminary effector cell characterization studies suggest that:
      (i) NK and ADCC in the pig are physically not separable; (ii) the majority of the
      cytotoxic activity on a cell-per-cell basis is mediated by the non-T lymphocyte
      fraction; and (iii) the rosetted T cells, which account for about 60% of the
      total pig peripheral blood lymphocytes, have low but demonstrable cytotoxic
      activity as well.

PMID- 154105
TI  - Lymphoid dendritic cells are potent stimulators of the primary mixed leukocyte
      reaction in mice.
AB  - Dendrite cells (DCs) are a new cell type initially identified in mouse lymphoid
      organs. Recently, DCs have been purified from mouse spleen. This paper
      demonstrates a functional role of DCs: they are potent stimulators of the primary
      mixed leukocytes reaction (MLR). As few as 300-1000 DCs doubled the proliferative
      activity of 5 X 10(6) allogeneic responder spleen cells, while 0.3-1.0 X 10(5)
      DCs induced a maximal stimulation of 30- to 80-fold. Between these extremes, the
      log of the MLR response increased linearly with the log of DC numbers. This dose
      response assay was then used to compare the potency of purified DCs with that of
      other heterogeneous lymphoid populations, many of which gave dose-response curves
      with similar slopes. The potency of purified DCs as MLR stimulators was 100-300
      times greater than that of unfractionated spleen cells. When spleen cells were
      fractionated by simple physical techniques, MLR-stimulating capacity in the
      subpopulations correlated closely with DC numbers. Removal of splenic B or T
      lymphocytes, by anti-immunoglobulin or anti-brain serum plus complement, did not
      reduce MLR-stimulating capacity. Finally, several populations, enriched in
      mononuclear phagocytes but lacking in DCs, stimulated weakly if at all. We
      conclude that DCs are a potent stimulating cell and are at least 100 times more
      effective than other major cell subclasses--i.e., B and T lymphocytes and
      macrophages.

PMID- 154107
TI  - Special stroller insert.

PMID- 154106
TI  - Mg2+ and Ca2+ activated ATPase activities of bovine aortic microsomes.

PMID- 154108
TI  - Behavioral inhibition induced by electrical stimulation of the median raphe
      nucleus of the rat.

PMID- 154109
TI  - Movement and dance.

PMID- 154110
TI  - Swimming: a physiotherapist's view.

PMID- 154111
TI  - Swimming: the practicalities.

PMID- 154112
TI  - Recreation for the disabled--how to go about it.

PMID- 154113
TI  - Experiences of a handicapped person.

PMID- 154114
TI  - Midabdomen abdominoplasty.
AB  - A simple technique is presented for removal of excessive supraumbilical and
      periumbilical skin.

PMID- 154115
TI  - Suture materials in otoplasty.
AB  - From my experiences in 101 otoplasties of the Mustarde type, the buried suture
      materials have shown individual variations, as regards granuloma and slippage
      complications. As a result, I now prefer 4/0 clear nylon for reconstruction of
      the anti-helix, 3/0 white Mersilene for concha-mastoidal fixation, and 4/0
      chromic or subcuticular Vicryl for skin closure.

PMID- 154116
TI  - Entry into special schools: a medical perspective.

PMID- 154117
TI  - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cardiac enlargement in the chest film.
      Systematic survey (author's transl)].
AB  - The pathological enlarged heart is attempted to define by roentgenologic
      criteria. The historical "heart lung quotient" continues to be an important
      measurement. Alterations of the heart size secondary to age, the systolic
      diastolic difference of the heart size and the alterations of the heart size
      between two chest films are discussed. Differential diagnosis of enlargement and
      shape of the left and right heart are presented. Also the differential diagnosis
      of general cardiac enlargement especially valvular heart disease, combined left
      and right heart failure, pericardial effusion and myocardiopathy is considered.

PMID- 154118
TI  - [Quantitative studies of the metachromatic reaction of mucopolysaccharides in
      polyacrylamide membranes by the van Duijn method].

PMID- 154119
TI  - [Circadian periodicity of the bile canaliculi and bile secretion in the rat
      liver].

PMID- 154120
TI  - [Freeze-drying and imbedding in glycol methacrylate (GMA)--results of
      histochemical reactions].

PMID- 154121
TI  - The role of the fibrinolytic system in thromboembolism.
AB  - The present concept of physiologic fibrinolysis was reviewed. It was concluded
      that the nonspecific proteolytic activity of plasmin would essentially be limited
      to fibrin in vivo in view of (A) the specific adsorption of activator and of
      plasminogen onto the fibrin surface resulting in local generation of plasmin  and
      (B) the fact that plasmin, adsorbed to fibrin (in contrast to plasmin in the
      fluid phase) largely escapes from the action of antiplasmin. The hemostatic
      balance in the resting condition was discussed. It was concluded that under
      normal conditions, systemic intravascular fibrin deposition or formation must be
      either nonexistent or extremely limited. On the other hand, there is considerable
      evidence that a limited systemic fibrinogenolysis is going on in healthy
      individuals and that this process can be accelerated by simple physiologic
      procedures, such as strenuous physical exercise.

PMID- 154122
TI  - Natural inhibitors of fibrinolysis.

PMID- 154123
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 154124
TI  - Synthetic fibrinolytic agents.

PMID- 154125
TI  - Fibrinolysis--a perspective.

PMID- 154126
TI  - [X-ray aspect of the lumbar spine in mongoloid newborn infants (proceedings)].

PMID- 154127
TI  - [Neuroradiological apsects of some congenital and hereditary cerebral dysplasias
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 154128
TI  - [Pedodontics--review of general aspects of importance for the general clinic].

PMID- 154129
TI  - [Unusual localizations of hydatid cysts].
AB  - In a total of 448 hydatic cysts that have been treated in the I-st Surgery Clinic
      of Jassy between 1947 and 1977 rare localizations were noted in 61 cases. Of
      these 47 were primary echinococcoses and 14 were secondary. The clinical and
      therapeutic aspects are discussed for each particular localization: the splenic
      localization was encountered in 16 cases, the peritoneal one in 10 cases, the
      diaphragmatic in 6 cases. There were also 2 renal localizations, 3 retro
      peritoneal ones, 3 ovarian and salpyngean localizations, 3 thyroid, 7 endo
      thoracic but extra-pulmonary, 5 muscular and 6 subcutaneous localizations.
      Radical surgery had immediate and late results that were quite satisfactory. No
      deaths or recidives were noted.

PMID- 154130
TI  - [Oral manifestations in various cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 154131
TI  - [Stomatological problems in the Christ-Siemens syndrome].

PMID- 154132
TI  - [Folate metabolism in normal human gingiva and in chronic marginal
      periodontitis].

PMID- 154133
TI  - [Ultrastructural lesions of the gingival mucosa caused by chronic exposure to
      phosphates].

PMID- 154134
TI  - [Conservative stomatological treatment in patients with hemorrhagic diseases].

PMID- 154135
TI  - [Methods of recording intermaxillary ratios in centric relationship in dentates
      and partial edentates].

PMID- 154136
TI  - [Electromyographic research concerning isometric contraction at the masseter
      level].

PMID- 154137
TI  - [Experimental studies in vitro of the degree of penetration of microorganisms
      into acrylate].

PMID- 154138
TI  - [Iga dynamics before and after tooth extraction].

PMID- 154140
TI  - [Intramedullary nailing with reaming. A critical analysis of Kuntscher's
      principle (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have reviewed two of Kuntscher's principles relating to
      intramedullary nailing: the moment of elasticity of the nail should be close to
      the moment of elasticity of the bone and the suppression of rotation movements at
      the fracture site is due to locking of the nail by virtue of its elasticity. They
      have conducted an experimental study which does not confirm these views. They
      considered that rotary stability is due to muscle tone, the line of the fracture
      and the anchorage of the ends of the nail at the upper and lower end of the bone.

PMID- 154139
TI  - [Practical aspects of interceptive orthodontics].

PMID- 154142
TI  - [Autologous osteochondral graft: a method for resurfacing osteonecrosis of the
      medial femoral condyle in the elderly (author's transl)].
AB  - The author describes an original technique for resurfacing osteonecrotic medial
      femoral condyles. The centre and posterior part of the condyle is displaced
      anteriorly into the weight-bearing area. The indications for this technique are
      cases in which there is no deformity in the frontal plane and when the tibial
      articular cartilage is normal. Two cases were so treated. After a follow up of
      three and five years the results were very good.

PMID- 154141
TI  - [Combined Kuntscher nailing and screw fixation (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe a technique of Kuntscher intramedullary nailing combined
      with screws driven through the bone and the nail above and below the fracture
      site. This technique gives better stability of the fracture and allows extension
      of intramedullary nailing to severely comminuted fractures, fractures with loss
      of bone and to proximal or distal fractures. Risks of rotational instability or
      shortening are diminished. The technique is fully described. With the use of
      correct ancillary instruments, x-ray exposure is minimal. Biomechanical
      experiments conducted to determine the best position of the screws for optimal
      locking of the nail are described. The results obtained in one hundred and
      sixteen cases are analysed. The technique was also used in the treatment of non
      union and in the fixation of osteotomies.

PMID- 154143
TI  - [Evaluation of functional results after fractures of the calcaneus (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The author describes a scale of rating for the evaluation of the results of
      fractures of the calcaneus, similar to that used for the evaluation of hip
      function. Five points are given for walking ability, pain, mobility and triceps
      power. The last point is considered to be essential. This evaluation was tested
      on 232 cases. A close correlation was established between the four criteria.

PMID- 154144
TI  - [Correction of bowing in Paget's disease (author's transl)].
AB  - Thirteen tibiae and seven femora suffering from bowing due to Paget's disease
      have been streightened operatively. In the tibiae, the deformities were of
      metaphysial genu varum with bowing in the sagittal plane of an average of 30
      degrees combined with some medial rotation. In the femora, the main curve was
      anterolateral with some medial rotation and coxa vara. Seventeen cases united
      uneventfully after osteotomy. In three cases, there were septic complications,
      union occurred after removal of the internal fixation. Bowing recurred in three
      cases. The recurrence appeared to be related to incomplete correction leading to
      persistent mechanical strain on bones affected by rapid bone turnover. Inadequate
      internal fixation may also be a factor. All other cases were functionally
      improved by correction. Oblique osteotomy is indicated for the correction of
      tibial deformity when there is moderate medial rotation. Transverse osteotomy
      with fixation by intramedullary nailing is indicated for correction of femoral
      deformities.

PMID- 154145
TI  - [Severe strains of the cervical spine operated on by a posterior approach
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have operated on 18 cases of severe strain of the cervical spine (six
      cases of C1-C2 and 12 cases of level cervical spine). They point out the
      difficulty of an accurate diagnosis in emergency. They emphasize the importance
      of flexion-extension X-rays when conventional X-rays are not strictly normal.
      After an analysis of the results they suggest that recent cases should be treated
      by posterior grafting at the level of C1 and C2, posterior plating at lower
      levels. Old and irreducible cases should be treated by osteotomy and anterior
      grafting: banding with grafting at C1 and C2, posterior screwed plating at the
      inferior cervical level.

PMID- 154146
TI  - [Surgical treatment of stiff knee following femoral sepsis and septic arthritis
      of the knee (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have studied the results of attempts to restore joint movement in
      stiff knees after septic non-union of fractures of the femoral shaft or after
      septic arthritis of the knee by arthrolysis and quadriceps release. Fifteen
      procedures were done on fourteen patients with severe limitation of movements.
      The results were gratifying; eight very good and four good. No case was made
      worse. The technique is described in detail and operative and post-operative
      complications described. A long-term follow-up study showed that the results
      tended to improve after several years. The prognosis can be based on the degree
      of flexion obtained during operation, though free flexion should be distinguished
      from forced flexion. It is concluded that the procedures used are worthwhile in
      spite of previous sepsis.

PMID- 154147
TI  - [Sarcoma complicating Paget's disease of the clavicle. Report of a case (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 154148
TI  - [Long term follow up of traumatic separation of the upper femoral epiphysis in a
      child aged eighteen months (author's transl)].

PMID- 154149
TI  - [A new technique of ankle arthrodesis (author's transl)].

PMID- 154150
TI  - [Flexor tendon grafting. The use of a modified Hunter's technique (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors describe a modification of Hunter's technique of flexor tendon
      grafting. The operation is performed in two stages. At the first stage, a
      silastic prosthesis is inserted and the proximal end of the flexor digitorum
      profundus is sutured to the tendon of palmaris longus. This suture will represent
      the proximal suture of the future graft. At the second stage, six weeks later,
      the palmaris longus is divided proximally and the graft is passed distally to be
      sutured to the terminal phalanx. This modified technique allows a gain in time, a
      better blood supply to the graft and a safer proximal suture.

PMID- 154151
TI  - [Paul-Louis Chigot. 1906-1978].

PMID- 154152
TI  - [Jorge Draper Mineiro. 1917-1978].

PMID- 154153
TI  - [Classification code of infirmities, surgical procedures, and bibliographic
      references of interest in Orthopedics and Traumatology].

PMID- 154154
TI  - [Active chronic hepatitis as the only manifestation of Wilson's disease].

PMID- 154155
TI  - [Visceral larva migrans].
AB  - The clinical records of patients with visceral larva migrans confirmed through
      laparoscopy and other tests are reviewed. This review was prompted by the
      admittance of two patients with this affection in the last years. Medical
      literature was reviewed, and conclusions are made.

PMID- 154156
TI  - [Comparative study between hysterosalpinography and laparoscopy in sterility
      study (author's transl)].

PMID- 154157
TI  - [Induction of experimental diabetes in frog (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of diabetogenic agents, alloxan and streptozotocin, in frogs has been
      studied. These drugs were administered to the animals by injection into the
      dorsal lymph sac. Alloxan did not exert any effect at non-lethal doses. At 300
      mg/kg alloxan caused death of most of the animals in an hyperglycemic state in
      less than 72 hours. Streptozotocin at doses lower than 1 g/kg was ineffective. At
      1.5 g/kg, a non-lethal dose, about half of the animals became diabetic.

PMID- 154159
TI  - Rat liver mitochondrial F1-ATPase, an FAD containing ferroprotein.
AB  - F1-ATPase isolated from rat liver mitochondria has been found to contain
      approximately 1 mole of FAD and 6 g atoms of nonheme iron per mole of enzyme.

PMID- 154158
TI  - Reversible modification of rat liver F1-ATPase by a redox reaction.
AB  - F1-ATPase from rat liver mitochondria exhibited a change in properties when
      reduced by dithionite: an increase in activity together with a disappearance of
      its sensitivity to bicarbonate stimulation was observed. A complete reversion to
      the original properties was achieved with the oxidizing agent 2,6
      dichlorophenolindophenol.

PMID- 154160
TI  - ATPase, an electron carrier and energy transducer: the missing link in oxidative
      phosphorylation?
AB  - A mechanism for oxidative phosphorylation is proposed. ATP synthesis would take
      place on a catalytic site of ATPase constituted by two irons with ligands ATP,
      ADP, and Pi. The interchange of ATP with ADP and Pi makes possible a redox cycle
      between two potentials permitting the energy transduction.

PMID- 154161
TI  - [Transcutaneous nerve stimulation in chronic spinal pain (author's transl)].

PMID- 154162
TI  - [Follow-up study of the operative results of our first 100 cases of backache and
      sciatica. Late results (author's transl)].

PMID- 154163
TI  - Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: genetic relationships to Down's syndrome
      and hematologic cancer.

PMID- 154164
TI  - Intranasal ipratropium: inhibition of methacholine induced hypersecretion.
AB  - The submucous glands of the nose have an abundant innervation from the
      parasympathetic nervous system, and rhinorrhea, a symptom of perennial rhinitis,
      is in all probability caused by an increased activity in these nerves.
      Pharmacological blockade with atropine-like compounds will therefore be a logical
      method of treatment. Rhinorrhoea was brought about in the laboratory in 15
      healthy experimental subjects by the intranasal application of methacholine. The
      experimental subjects were pretreated with Ipratropium (Atrovent, Boehringer
      Ingelheim) or placebo in a double-blind trial and it was found that Atrovent
      could effectively inhibit the methacholine induced hypersecretion for up to 6
      hours, without local or systemic side-effects. The methacholine induced
      hypersecretion could also be effectively blocked in 10 patients with perennial
      rhinitis, and an open clinical study demonstrated that Atrovent had an effect on
      the spontaneous rhinorrhoea of these patients.

PMID- 154165
TI  - [Preventive dentistry: service of the local sanitary unit].

PMID- 154167
TI  - [Sleep in Huntington chorea: its modification following lithium carbonate and
      lithium carbonate-haloperidol therapy].

PMID- 154168
TI  - [Supplementary examinations in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatic disease].

PMID- 154166
TI  - [Homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA) in the CSF after
      administration of probenecid in Huntington's chorea. Effect of lithium
      carbonate].

PMID- 154170
TI  - Persisting hypertension after renal artery reconstruction. A follow-up study.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with persisting hypertension after renal artery
      reconstruction were re-investigated 1--8 years after surgery. They underwent
      renal arteriography, determination of plasma renin activity, renography and renal
      function studies in order to find the causes of the postoperative hypertension.
      Restenosis was found in 6 patients, in 3 of whom it was of functional
      significance according to the positive renin tests (renin ratio greater than
      1.5). Positive renin tests were found in 2 other patients. One had occlusion of a
      renal artery branch and the other hypoplasia of the kidney due to chronic
      nephritis. No explanation of the persisting hypertension could be found in 19
      patients at re-examination. In 10 of them, however, biopsy from the affected
      kidney obtained during operation showed nephrosclerosis, which may explain the
      outcome. Fourteen of the 19 patients had negative renin tests preoperatively.
      These negative tests indicate that renal artery stenosis was not the only cause
      of hypertension. It may be concluded that the renin test is of the utmost value
      in the selection of patients for renal artery reconstruction and should always be
      considered. A biopsy from the contralateral kidney may be necessary in order to
      detect other causes of hypertension than renal artery stenosis. The importance of
      re-investigating patients with persisting hypertension is confirmed by the
      present study.

PMID- 154169
TI  - Successful kidney transplantation in a man with Dacron "trouser" prosthesis.
AB  - The case history of a male patient, 62 years old, in preterminal uremia at
      transplantation with a cadaveric kidney is described. Twelve years before the
      transplantation he was operated on because of an aortic aneurysm where the
      abdominal aorta and both iliac arteries were substituted with a Dacron
      prosthesis. The kidney was anastomosed to this vessel substitute and functioned
      excellently for more than five years and the patient was completely
      rehabilitated.

PMID- 154171
TI  - Handicap--or hand-in-the-cap?

PMID- 154172
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Johannesburg.
AB  - The susceptibility of 175 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to
      penicillin G, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and spectinomycin was
      determined. Almost one-fifth of strains were relatively resistant to penicillin
      G. Relative resistance to penicillin G was significantly correlated with
      resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin, but not with resistance
      to spectinomycin. No penicillinase-producing or spectinomycin-resistant strains
      were encountered in this study. The relevance of the findings to the management
      of gonococcal urethritis is discussed.

PMID- 154173
TI  - Six years' experience in a children's hospital genetic clinic.
AB  - A genetic clinic has been held once a week at the Red Cross War Memorial
      Children's Hospital for the past 6 years. During the period 1971--1977, 579
      patients were seen, of whom 56% had genetic conditions due to chromosome defects,
      Mendelian traits or a multifactorial type of inheritance. In these, genetic
      counselling was a prime importance regarding prognosis, risk of recurrence and
      possibility of antenatal diagnosis. A further 25% of patients seen had conditions
      of non-genetic origin and could be reassured, while in the remaining 19% no
      specific causation was detected.

PMID- 154174
TI  - Huntington's chorea in a black Rhodesian family.
AB  - Clinical features suggesting a diagnosis of Huntington's chorea in several
      siblings in a Black Rhodesian family are described. A progressive and eventually
      fatal mental deterioration accompanied by gradually worsening choreiform
      movements has until the present time occurred in only a single generation of this
      family, which precludes a definitive diagnosis based on the triad of family
      history, chorea and dementia. It is suggested that Huntington's chorea is the
      most likely diagnosis.

PMID- 154175
TI  - Spectinomycin in the treatment of anal gonorrhea: a retrospective study.
AB  - The authors conducted a retrospective study of 125 male patients treated for anal
      gonorrhea with 4 g of spectinomycin in a social hygiene clinic. Of those treated,
      nine (7.2%) still had cultures positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae when tested
      again five to 14 days after treatment.

PMID- 154176
TI  - A new surgical procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and hiatal
      hernia.
AB  - A procedure for the treatment of sliding esophageal hiatal hernia and
      gastroesophageal reflux has been successfully and safely performed upon 46
      patients. It is based on the placement of a ringlike silicone prosthesis around
      the lower part of the esophagus, below the diaphragm.

PMID- 154177
TI  - Management of superior gluteal artery aneurysm by percutaneous balloon catheter
      occlusion: a case report.
AB  - A 19-year-old woman developed an aneurysm of the left superior gluteal artery
      following laparoscopy. Percutaneous insertion of a balloon catheter into the neck
      of the aneurysm for 48 hours resulted in permanent thrombosis of the aneurysm.
      Use of balloon catheters in the management of surgically inaccessible vascular
      lesions in discussed.

PMID- 154178
TI  - [Accident insurance for nurses in Bauta: industries are the most active in this
      insurance].

PMID- 154179
TI  - [Community pedodontics: extent and structure, 1 October 1974].

PMID- 154180
TI  - [Number of practicing dentists, geographical distribution and capacity in Denmark
      in 1974].

PMID- 154181
TI  - [Status of orthodontics in modern dental care].

PMID- 154182
TI  - [Immunoglobulin level and the activity of the lysosomal acid phosphatase in
      infectious-allergic bronchial asthma].

PMID- 154183
TI  - [Function of external respiration in machine operators and cattle breeders].

PMID- 154184
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of the mycoses of the feet (author's transl)].

PMID- 154185
TI  - [Treatment of onychomycosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 154186
TI  - [Pseudochromidrose (PC). Black heel. Pseudochromidrosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 154187
TI  - [Psychological and psychiatric problems connected with the rehabilitation of
      children with multiple handicaps].

PMID- 154188
TI  - [Integration of the visually handicapped and the blind (author's transl)].

PMID- 154189
TI  - [Social and occupational reintegration of patients with spinal cord injuries].

PMID- 154190
TI  - [Rehabilitation of seriously handicapped (author's transl)].

PMID- 154191
TI  - [Social and occupational reintegration].

PMID- 154193
TI  - [Back pain and tilting of the pelvis. A study from general practice].

PMID- 154192
TI  - The effect of streptozotocin diabetes on platelet function in rats.

PMID- 154194
TI  - [Bacterial skin infections in the dog (author's transl)].
AB  - The most common bacterial skin conditions in dogs are reviewed in the present
      paper. An introductory part on the pathogenesis of pyoderma and some universal
      morphological dermatological concepts is followed by a systematic study of
      superficial and deep forms of pyoderma. In addition to the bacterial diagnosis,
      the results of bacteriological examination of fifty-three dogs with pyoderma
      submitted to the University Clinic of small animal medicine are reported.
      Moreover, a guide to the institution of adequate therapy is suggested.

PMID- 154195
TI  - Anomalous mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity between HLA--A, --B, --C, --DR
      identical siblings.
AB  - Complete HLA typing including HLA--A, --B, --C, --DR (D related B cell typing), -
      D, mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), and primed lymphocyte testing (PLT), together
      with complete red blood cell (RBC), glyoxalase (GLO), GBG (Factor B), and
      phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) typings were performed on a informative family. The
      five siblings inherited the four possible combinations of parental HLA
      haplotypes, and two of the siblings were HLA--A, --B, --C and --DR identical.
      Repeated MLC testing of the family revealed positive mixed lymphocyte reactivity
      in all combinations. B cell typing for the DR specificities demonstrated no
      variation from the expected inheritance pattern and specifically no recombination
      event. GBG and GLO typings militated against a recombination involving the
      paternal chromosome. HLA--D testing revealed that only one of the HLA--A, --B, -
      C, and --DR identical siblings gave typing responses to the HLA--Dw3 specificity
      present on that maternal haplotype. Utilizing HLA haploidentical combinations,
      lymphocytes were primed against the four parental haplotypes and the non-Dw3
      haplotype of interest (Aw24--B8--DRw3--LDY) in the PLT. The sibling inheriting
      this haplo-type did not restimulate cells primed against the A2--B40--DRW6--LDY
      specificity. Furthermore, no discrimination was observed in the restimulation of
      lymphocytes primed against this haplo-type. Possible interpretations of these
      family data include: a spontaneous mutation, non-major histocompatibility locus
      (MHC) stimulation, and HLA--DR/D recombination.

PMID- 154196
TI  - HLA--Dw4 and rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Forty-seven patients with a "definite" or "classical" rheumatoid arthritis
      according to the ARA criteria were typed for the serologically detectable HLA--A,
      --B, and --C antigens and 36 of these patients were typed for the HLA--D
      antigens, Dw1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 by the MLC technique. The frequency of Dw4
      was increased to 44.4% in the patients compared to 17.2% in normal controls (P =
      8 X 10(-4)). The frequency of Dw1 and Dw7 was also increased although this was
      only of borderline significance. The frequency of Dw2 was remarkably low,
      especially in females, which is of interest, as the same antigen has a low
      frequency in some other autoimmune diseases. No significant deviations of the
      frequencies of HLA--A, --B, and --C antigens were found in rheumatoid arthritis
      patients.

PMID- 154197
TI  - [Huntington's chorea].

PMID- 154198
TI  - [Tamara Fedorovna Vinogradova (on her 50th birthday)].

PMID- 154199
TI  - [Local nicotinamide therapy in erosive lichen of the oral mucosa].
AB  - The local treatment of erosive lichen planus by means of subfocal injections of
      nicotinamide has been successful in 19 of 25 cases. Nevertheless, it is no true
      alternative of the systemic chloroquine-triamcinolone treatment. A therapeutical
      program is presented in which the more riskful use of corticosteroids and
      chloroquine ranks but second.

PMID- 154200
TI  - [Status of forensic medical expertise in the Uzbek SSR and its tasks for further
      development].

PMID- 154201
TI  - Followup of abdominal neourethra.
AB  - Abdominal neourethrostomy is a highly satisfactory form of urinary diversion for
      patients with irreparable urethral stricture or destruction. Normal renal
      function, structure and urinary continence have been observed in 7 patients for
      as long as 17 years.

PMID- 154202
TI  - Action albendazole on gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected calves.

PMID- 154203
TI  - Acute nicotinamide deficiency in pigs.

PMID- 154204
TI  - [Lighting norms in quarters for cattle].

PMID- 154205
TI  - [Reproductive function in Caucasian breed sheep].

PMID- 154206
TI  - [Characteristics of working conditions and health status of workers of RU
      modifier production].

PMID- 154207
TI  - Follow-up study of patients with cerebral palsy.
AB  - Of 319 patients with cerebral palsy recalled for reevaluation 15 years after the
      initial visit, 10 percent had died. Of the living, 55 percent had spasticity, 32
      percent had athetosis, 4 percent had ataxia and 9 percent had mixed spasticity
      and athetosis; 38 percent had an intelligence quotient (IQ) less than 50, 24
      percent between 50 and 79, and 38 percent had IQ above 80. There was a high
      correlation between overall functional outcome and intellectual level. Severity
      of physical disability, as measured by hand use, mobility and speech, also
      correlated with dependence, in part because increased severity of the disability
      was associated with decreased intellectual capacity generally.Twenty-five years
      after the initial visit, parental attitudes and personality intactness were
      evaluated (using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory [MMPI]) and were
      correlated with satisfaction with status in life in 28 persons predicted to be
      independent on the 15-year study. Twenty (72 percent) of the 28 were satisfied
      with their status in life and of these, 16 were evaluated (with the MMPI) with 70
      percent scoring in the normal range; 13 (65 percent) had parents with a positive
      attitude. Positive attitude was defined as parental feelings that the handicapped
      child was a worthy, valuable person, to be encouraged and assisted but not
      isolated from the world of nonhandicapped people. Careful serial assessment by
      professional teams combined with repeated long-term counseling of families can
      result in optimal outcome for the disability level involved, due to the primary
      role parents play in the development of a child's character and behavior.

PMID- 154208
TI  - [Histochemical research of the mucous membrane epithelium of the small intestine
      in albino rats treated with Combatrin and Dilombrin].

PMID- 154209
TI  - [Cholestatic jaundice and hypophosphataemia in parenterally-fed premature infants
      -coincidence or causal connection? (author's transl)].
AB  - A report is presented of the chemical pathological findings in 14 premature and
      one full-term infant receiving almost exclusively parenteral nutrition during the
      first two weeks of life. Six infants developed cholestatic jaundice. The
      underlying diseases were the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome in 10,
      gastroschisis in 3 and renal insufficiency in 1, while one was an otherwise
      healthy small for dates infant. After parenteral nutrition had been discontinued
      obstructive jaundice cleared by the third month of life except in one infant.
      Apart from the higher glucose intake during the second week, jaundiced infants
      principally differed from non-jaundiced infants by the development of significant
      hypophosphataemia. An attempt was made to correlate aetiologically the presence
      of cholestatic jaundice with the finding of hypophosphataemia on the possible
      basis of a disturbance of energy metabolism.

PMID- 154210
TI  - [Mucopolysaccharidosis V (Ullrich-Scheie syndrome) (author's transl)].
AB  - Mucopolysaccharidosis V (Scheie's syndrome, MPS-IS) is a very rare, autosomal
      recessively inherited metabolic disease. The degradation of dermatan sulphate and
      heparan sulphate is disturbed due to alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency, leading to
      intracellular storage and excessive urinary secretion of these substances. The
      characteristic clinical features are contractures (claw-like flexion of the
      fingers), umbilical and inguinal herniae, corneal opacity, hepatomegaly,
      myocardiopathy and minor skeletal malformations. A patient with Scheie's syndrome
      is now reported for the first time in Austria; the results of the clinical,
      biochemical, chromosomal, dermatoglyphic and electron optical investigations are
      described and discussed.

PMID- 154211
TI  - Hemodynamics of arterial stenosis.

PMID- 154212
TI  - [Orthopedic findings from the longitudinal study].

PMID- 154213
TI  - [Proposals for the explanation of diagnostic procedures in gastroenterology].

PMID- 154214
TI  - [How can the frequency of perforative appendicitis be decreased?].

PMID- 154215
TI  - [Syndrome of functional muscular abdominal distension].

PMID- 154216
TI  - [Long-term cultures of trophoblast cells and mixed trophoblast cultures as a
      model for in-vitro studies (author's transl)].
AB  - Trophoblast cell-cultures provide a much promising model for qualitative and
      quantitative in-vitro-examinations of immunological, morphological and
      biochemical items. In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyze the
      light-microscopically identificable morphological modifications of the cultured
      cells under standardized culture-conditions in a temporary order. Furthermore, a
      number of single cases is presented in which mixed cultures of trophoblast cells
      with heterologous cells of embryonic origin and with cells derived from adult
      malignoma were tried.

PMID- 154217
TI  - Mode of binding of pyridoxal phosphate to 5-aminolevulinate synthase.
AB  - 5-Aminolevulinate synthase of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides interacts with its
      cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate, and shows an absorption maximum at 430 nm with a
      probable shoulder at 320--330 nm. The enzyme-PLP complex absorbing at 430 nm is
      the predominant species at pH 7.2 and can be reduced by NaBH4 at neutral pH with
      a spectral shift of the absorption maximum to 325 nm. These data suggests the
      formation of a Schiff base rather than a substituted aldimine between the enzyme
      and pyridoxal phosphate. The decrease in absorption at 430 nm and increase in
      absorption at 325 nm by the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol seem to support Schiff
      base structures for the absorption bands at 430 nm and 320--330 nm. Both
      pyridoxal phosphate and glycine can equally protect the enzyme from inactivation
      by sulfhydryl reagents. The inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzoate versus PLP and
      glycine is noncompetitive and that by N-ethylmaleimide is noncompetitive with
      glycine and competitive with PLP. These results suggest either a conformational
      change in the presence of substrates or loss of affinity by the enzyme for PLP,
      rather than an interaction of PLP with a -SH group of the enzyme. The combined
      data seems to eliminate the possibility of the formation of a thiohemiacetal or a
      substituted aldimine and support rather strongly the formation of a Schiff base
      between the enzyme and pyridoxal phosphate.

PMID- 154218
TI  - Uracil catabolism by Escherichia coli K12S.
AB  - Experiments designed to elucidate the mechanism of uracil degradation by E. coli
      K12S showed that in contrast to uracil, dihydrouracil--the postulated
      intermediate of a reductive mechanism--did not stimulate the growth of bacteria
      as additional source of nitrogen, nor it was catabolized to ureido carbon
      dioxide. However, the chromatographic analysis of dihydrouracil metabolic
      products, revealed the presence of an enzyme converting dihydrouracil to beta
      ureidopropionic acid. Results of growth and biochemical studies indicated that
      barbituric acid--the postulated intermediate of an oxidative pathway--is not
      involved in uracil degradation.

PMID- 154219
TI  - The kinetics of formation of metarhodopsin in intact photoreceptors of the fly.
AB  - The formation of metarhodopsin in fly photoreceptor no. 1--6 occurs at room
      temperature with a time constant of 125 microseconds (Q10 approximately 2.5). The
      formation of rhodopsin is faster by factor of 1/10 to 1/100 at least.

PMID- 154220
TI  - [Antibiotics from basidiomycetes, VI. Merulinic acids A, B, and C, new
      antibiotics from Merulius tremellosus and Phlebia radiata (author's transl)].
AB  - Three new antibiotics, merulinic acids A, B, and C, have been isolated from
      fruiting bodies of Merulis tremellosus and Phlebia radiata. They are closely
      related derivatives of beta-resorcylic and salicylic acid, carrying
      monounsaturated C17-alkyl side chains in 6-position. The merulinic acids are
      mixtures of the delta8'-compounds with minor amounts of the corresponding
      delta10'-, dehydro, and dihydro derivatives, separable only by means of HPLC.
      delta8'-Merulinic acid A (I) was synthesized via a biomimetic cyclization of a
      linear precursor. The merulinic acids inhibit a variety of bacteria and are not
      active against fungi. RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis in Bacillus brevis and
      Ehrlich carcinoma ascites cells are inhibited shortly after the addition of the
      antibiotics. Almost complete hemolysis of human erythrocytes is caused by 25
      microgram/ml of merulinic acid B and C or by 73 microgram/ml of merulinic acid A.

PMID- 154221
TI  - Characterization, development and localization of "flavanone synthase" in tulip
      anthers.

PMID- 154222
TI  - Influence of ions and chelating agents on the haemolymphacetylcholinesterase of
      Mytilus edulis.
AB  - By use of different inhibitors as well as atomic absorption spectrophotometry it
      has been shown that the haemolymph-acetylcholinesterase (E. c. 3.1.1.7) of the
      sea mussel Mytilus edulis is a metalloprotein containing 2,95 Fe2+-ions per
      subunit. All inhibitors used (1,10-phenanthroline, salicylic aldehyde, 2,2'
      dipyridyl, 8-hydroxyquinoline) showed a non-competitive inhibition, which was not
      pH-dependent. Some divalent cations caused a marked increase of the enzyme
      activity, some heavy metals inhibited the enzyme almost completely; monovalent
      inorganic cations did not influence the enzyme at all. Besides NaF and Na2SiF6,
      which showed a non-competitive inhibition comparable to the inhibition observed
      with the chelating agents, and NaN3, whose mode of action was not identifiable,
      no inhibition by different mono- and divalent inorganic anions was to be
      observed. Ammonium ions caused no enzyme inhibition, but length the inhibition
      power of substituted ammonium ions increased with an increasing C-chain. The
      influence of some organic solvents on the enzyme activity is demonstrated.

PMID- 154223
TI  - Differentiation of Rhizobium japonicum, III. Inhibition of nitrogenase
      derepression by chloramphenicol and rifampicin concentrations, not inhibiting
      growth.
AB  - Development of nitrogenase (40--140 nmol C2H4.mg protein-1.h-1) in Rhizobium
      japonicum 61-A-101 after transfer to special culture conditions (medium 20 P, 2%
      O2, 10% CO2, 88% N2 in the gas phase) is inhibited by chloramphenicol (6 X 10(-4)
      -10(-3) M) and by rifampicin (10(-5) M). These concentrations do not inhibit the
      slow growth of the cells under these conditions with a doubling time of the cell
      protein and living cell number of 3--5 d. Nitrogenase activity of previously
      derepressed cells is not inhibited by chloramphenicol. Growth of the cells under
      air in yeast extract-mannitol-glycerol medium (8 h doubling time) is affected
      significantly more by chloramphenicol (2.5 X 10(-4) M) than growth under
      nitrogenase derepressed culture conditions.

PMID- 154224
TI  - 1H-NMR investigations on the hydrogen bond formation between the tranquilizers
      diazepam and nitrazepam and some nucleobases.
AB  - The formation of hydrogen bonds between the minor tranquilizers diazepam and
      nitrazepam and a few nucleobases was studied in deuterochloroform solution by
      means of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermodynamic and
      spectroscopic data of the associations were evaluated on the basis of a dimer
      model, using the concentration dependent shifts of the protons involved in
      hydrogen bonds. The interactions of nitrazepam (deltaH0=-10 to -21 kJ/mol;
      deltaG025 -0.2 to -7.4 kJ/mol) were found to be stronger than those of diazepam
      (deltaH0=-10 to -13 kJ/mol; deltaG025=6.0 to 6.4 kJ/mol). The various binding
      sites of the benzodiazepines for hydrogen bonds are discussed.

PMID- 154225
TI  - Structural aspects of histone complexes and nucleosomes revealed by the
      accessibility of cysteine side chains.
AB  - Chemical modification with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) shows that
      histone H3 cysteines 110 (chicken) or 96 and 110 (calf) are completely protected
      in native chromatin and core particles but become unmasked simultaneously during
      a salt induced dissociation. In whole histone extracted from chicken erythrocyte
      chromatin, H3 Cys-110 residues experience a uniform environment at 2 M NaCl and
      pH 5.5. In whole histone extracted under the same conditions from calf thymus, H3
      Cys-96 provides a more accessible thiol group than Cys-110. At higher pH values a
      conformational heterogeneity is induced causing a partial exposure of both
      cysteine side chains. The kinetic approach described in the present work provides
      a highly sensitive means to probe the homogeneity of H3 containing protein
      complexes.

PMID- 154226
TI  - Sensitive radioimmunoassay for detection of O6-ethyldeoxyguanosine in DNA exposed
      to the carcinogen ethylnitrosourea in vivo or in vitro.

PMID- 154227
TI  - Calculation of the circular dichroism of Chironomus hemoglobin in the light of
      the quality of its X-ray structure.
AB  - For the larval hemoglobin III of the insect Chironomus thummi thummi, the
      rotational strength of the B (Soret) and Q band is calculated with a
      monopole/monopole and a dipole/dipole approximation applied to the atomic co
      ordinates of the X-ray structures at 2.5 and 1.4 A resolution. In previous
      calculations using the 2.5 A co-ordinates and with perturbing groups being
      restricted to aromatic side-chains, the dipole/dipole approximation clearly
      confirmed the negative sign observed by experiment. The predominant interactions
      were those of phenylalanine residues. Recalculation with X-ray data refined to
      the present limits of performance corroborates the negativity of the rotational
      strength, but now the most important contributions are due to the peptide bonds
      formerly neglected. Also for the 2.5 A coordinates it is learned that in contrast
      to earlier expectation the influence of the backbone in this hemoglobin is rather
      strong. A substantial contribution is further obtained for the perturbation by
      one of the propionic acid carboxylate groups of the heme. Perspectives and
      problems of the approach are outlined.

PMID- 154228
TI  - [Reactions of nascent quinones with methyl beta-alanate in glacial acetic acid
      and in aqueous solution (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to generate a model for the reaction of proteins with nascent quinones,
      catechol and 4-methylcatechol were oxidized with silver-I-oxide in glacial acetic
      acid or with mushroom tyrosinase (EC 1.10.3.1) in phosphate buffer, respectively.
      The structures identified indicate that not only the amine reacts with the
      quinone by the well known addition-oxidation-mechanism, but also that solvent
      molecules may participate in product formation. The main product of the oxidation
      of catechol in glacial acid is N-(2-carbomethoxyethyl)-phenoxaz-2,3-dione.

PMID- 154229
TI  - [On the determination of changes in the large periodic structure of collagen
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Changes in the large periodic structure of collagen were investigated with the
      aid of synchrotron radiation. Following results were obtained: 1) Macroscopic
      extension results in elastic deformation of the elements which are determinant
      for the structure. 2) The increase of the large period is not proportional to the
      macroscopic stress. 3) The interpretation of these facts requires a mechanical
      coupling between the structural units. Up to extensions of 4% this coupling is
      produced by means of a viscoelastic matrix. 4) In all probability the polypeptide
      helices are deformed in an inhomogeneous mode. The results were set against
      measurements on human tendon and on artificially crosslinked collagen. The
      relations between the mechanical behaviour and the change of the large period
      were compared with the properties of a mathematical model.

PMID- 154230
TI  - High-temperature inactivation of passive potassium transport in electrically non
      excitable cells.
AB  - High-temperature inactivation of passive potassium transport is demonstrated for
      mouse cell cultures and discussed in analogy to recent results on model systems
      from phospholipid/cholesterol doted with channel-forming antibiotics.

PMID- 154231
TI  - Binding of antibodies onto the thylakoid membrane. IV. Phosphatides and
      xanthophylls in the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane.

PMID- 154232
TI  - [Protein synthesis with cell extracts of Micrococcus radiodurans (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Pure active ribosomes of cells of Micrococcus radiodurans could be obtained when
      cultivated in trypton, glucose and nutrient broth by adding natrium citrate. The
      optimal conditions for a cell-free protein synthesis were investigated at the
      (polyuridylic acid) dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis. When exchanging
      ribosomes and S100-fractions with the corresponding fractions of E. coli, we
      found that the enzyme fractions of M. radiodurans extremely inhibit the ribosomal
      activity. The incorporation rates in the cell-free system of M. radiodurans
      yield, at comparable conditions, in relation to E. coli under 10%.

PMID- 154233
TI  - [Circadian rhythm of metabolic rate in isolated tissue (author's transl)].
AB  - The circadian variation of oxygen uptake of isolated mouse diaphragm has been
      measured by means of the direct Warburg-technique in two series with sets of each
      8 successive experiments. Under our experimental conditions oxygen uptake in the
      isolated diaphragm remains constant for 5 hours at least. The 24-hour period
      could therefore be completed with 8 single measurements of each 10--20 isolated
      diaphragms started at 3 h intervals with a overlap in experimental time of 2 h
      hours between each single experiment. Similar to the results concerning the
      spontaneous locomotive activity of the mouse (ASCHOFF 1955) we found maximum
      values of metabolic rate during the night, minimum values during day time and a
      interpolated relative maximum of oxygen uptake between 6(00)--8(00) h. Oxygen
      uptake after the stabilisation period of approximately 1 h seems to be determined
      by the time of the death of the animal.

PMID- 154235
TI  - Growth and myelination of goldfish optic nerve fibers after retina regeneration
      and nerve crush.
AB  - Axonal regeneration in the optic nerve and tectum of the goldfish was studied
      both after retina regeneration and nerve crush. The retina regeneration was
      evoked by ouabain-induced damage of at least the ganglion cells and cells of the
      inner nuclear layer. The necrotic retinal neurons are substituted by mitotic
      processes in the outer nuclear layer and the marginal growth zone at the ora
      serrata. The axons of these newly developed retina ganglion cells grow through
      the degenerating, but mechanically undamaged, optic nerve into the tectum,
      establishing there synaptic contacts already 16 days after the intraocular
      ouabain-injection. The fibers were myelinated at first in the tectum, later on in
      the optic nerve. Thus, the myelination process proceeds in retrograde direction.
      About 60--80 days after injection the myelination has become nearly normalized.
      On the contra-lateral side of the same animal, the optic nerve was crushed near
      the eye-bulb. The axons of the original retina ganglion cells grow out into the
      degenerating optic nerve and tectum. They also find synaptic contacts and are
      myelinated in retrograde direction, but to a much lesser extent than the axons of
      the regenerated retina ganglion cells. An axonal factor is discussed, which would
      influence the oligodendroglial myelination activity. The effectiveness of this
      factor is probably dependent on the neuronal age and suggested to be triggered by
      the establishment of synaptic contacts.

PMID- 154234
TI  - Studies supporting the concept of glyoxyperoxisomes as intermediary organelles in
      transformation of glyoxysomes into peroxisomes.
AB  - Intermediary forms of microbodies, glyoxyperoxisomes, are most likely synthesized
      at the stage of replacement of glyoxysomes by peroxisomes during the greening of
      fatstoring cells of cucumber cotyledons. This hypothesis is supported by three
      lines of results: 1. The levels of both glycollate oxidase and malate synthase
      are increased in the microbody fractions upon illumination of cotyledons. 2. Both
      peroxisomal and glyoxysomal marker enzymes are localized in organelles which
      exhibit the same buoyant densities. 3. De novo synthesis of malate synthase takes
      place even when irradiation already leads to a drastic increase of glycollate
      oxidase. The amount of malate synthase synthesized is almost identical in the
      light-induced system and in the dark control.

PMID- 154237
TI  - Spinal fusion for chronic low back pain.
AB  - Results of spinal fusion for chronic low back pain in 46 patients are analyzed,
      and the authors set forth the clinical circumstances in which the procedure may
      relieve this common complaint.

PMID- 154236
TI  - [Lectins--an instrument for studying biological membranes].

PMID- 154238
TI  - [Theodor Frerichs prize 1978. The hypertensive heart: analysis of coronary
      hemodynamic function and left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension].

PMID- 154239
TI  - [Increased excretion of acid mucopolysaccharides by fibroblasts in patients with
      familial hypercholesterinemia].

PMID- 154240
TI  - [Insulin, glucagon binding and adenylate cyclase activity of liver plasma
      membranes in streptozotocin-diabetic rats].

PMID- 154241
TI  - [Increase of immunologic reactivity after administration of immunosuppressive
      agents as an expression of their effect on immunologic regulation].

PMID- 154242
TI  - [Relationships between electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic parameters
      and angiographically determined measurements of left ventricles in patients with
      left ventricular stress].

PMID- 154244
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities with conventional lead recording systems].

PMID- 154243
TI  - [Cardiovascular effects of lorcainid, a new anti-arrhythmic substance].

PMID- 154245
TI  - [Topography of deposition of immune complexes in affected skin of patients with
      true and microbial eczema].

PMID- 154246
TI  - [Prof. Pavel Semenovich Grigor'ev (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 154247
TI  - [25th anniversary of the organization of the Ryazan branch of the All-Russian
      Dermato-venereological Society].

PMID- 154248
TI  - [Early diagnosis of occupational allergic dermatoses caused by formaldehyde
      containing polymers].

PMID- 154249
TI  - [Urological problems and genesis of the abdominal musculature aplasia syndrome].
AB  - Judging according to the frequent description of the syndrome of aplasia of the
      abdominal muscle above all in paediatric literature (up to now more than 250
      cases), the knowledge of the symptomocomplex (aplasia of the abdominal muscle,
      malformations of the kidneys and the urinary tracts, cryptorchism) might be of
      particular interest for the urologist, since the urologic malformations
      decisively determine the prognosis quoad vitam of these patients. On the basis of
      three own cases the importance of the removal of infravesical obstruction is
      emphasized, whereas the reconstructive intervention for dilatation of upper
      urinary tracts is seldom mandatory.

PMID- 154250
TI  - [Uroflowmetry and its methodology. Normal limits. II. Normal range].
AB  - Prerequisite for every evaluation of a uroflowmetry curve are normal regions, on
      which the diagnostic evidence of the examination method is based. In the present
      paper a definite attitude to the limits of the normal was adopted, in which case
      apart from the course of the curve the relations from maximum flow to miction
      volume were entered. Diagrams of the normal region were established for men,
      women, and children, in which cases apart from the interindividual diffusion
      breadth also the individual diffusion breadth was taken into consideration. Error
      in the diagnostic course develop always then, when only mean values are taken
      into consideration. The critical consideration of the normal values to age seems
      to be important, in which cases a peak of the maximum values of the urinary flow
      is to be established between the 13th and the 40th year. In the later decades of
      life also without any subvesical obstruction an exponential function similar
      decrease of the maximum values of the flow develops.

PMID- 154251
TI  - [DMF/S study of children with different duration of diabetes (author's transl)].
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the DMF/S indices of 101 children,
      make regression analyses, and compare the regression coefficients of subjects, in
      whom diabetes mellitus became manifest before the beginning of secondary
      dentition, with the regession coefficients of patients with a duration of
      diabetes as long as three years. It has been found that in the case of
      manifestation of diabetes before the commencement of secondary dentition the D3-4
      MF/S index was significantly lower compared to subjects with a duration of
      diabetes up to a maximum of three years and the DMF/S index of individual
      subjects was anything but low despite a specific diet.--From our present
      knowledge of the pathogenesis of caries it is possible to conclude that a high
      incidence of caries in the case of early manifestation of diabetes is due
      primarily to a lack of therapeutic cooperation of the patient.

PMID- 154252
TI  - [Oral examinations by exfoliative cytology of the healthy oral mucosa and
      inflammatorily altered gingiva (author's transl)].
AB  - Exfoliative cytology allows important information to be obtained about the
      structure and function of individual sections of tissue. Use of this particular
      method of examination is characterized by simplicity and freedom from strain on
      the subject being tested. In addition, the method yields clear and comprehensive
      results. Smears obtained from different regions of the oral cavities of subjects
      with clinically healthy oral mucous membrans and intact teeth were carefully
      analyzed. Also examined by clinical methods as well as by exfoliative cytology
      was the healthy gingiva, with parodontopathia inflammata superficialis and
      parodontopathia inflammata profunda serving as reference groups.

PMID- 154253
TI  - [Periodontal disease in the workers of paints and lacquer industry (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Examinations were performed by the author upon the influence of organic solvents
      and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on parodontium in the workers of paints and
      lacquer industry. 195 persons employed in industry were examined. 100 persons
      whose conditions of work had no influence on their parodontium served as
      controls.--It was found that both, the frequency of incidents and the degree of
      intesity of changes in periodontium were significantly higher than those in the
      control group not exposed to the noxius action of work conditions.--This was
      analysed depending on sex, age, total time of employment and development of
      calculus dentis and plaques. The frequency, the intensivity of PI and the kind of
      parodontopathy was examined depending on various toxic condition at different
      working places. All statistical examinations were carried out by the use of the
      computer EMC ODRA 1305.

PMID- 154254
TI  - [Cervico-facial actinomycosis--Frequency and change in a period of 29 years
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical histories of 133 patients with cervicofacial actinomycosis, treated
      stationary in the period of 1948--1976, are interpreted in regard to patients
      age, treatment period and microbiological of histological proof. The opinions in
      literature about the frequency and a change of actinomycosis in the antibiotic
      era are discussed.

PMID- 154256
TI  - [Johann Gottlob Bernstein (1747--1835)].

PMID- 154255
TI  - [Osteomyelitis of the temporomaxillary joint (author's transl)].
AB  - Although osteomyelitis of the inferior maxilla is still relatively frequently
      diagnosed, manifestation of the disease in the temporomaxillary joint is a rare
      occurrence. The symptomatology, diagnosis, and therapy of this particular
      arthropathy is discussed by reference to three cases treated in recent years at
      the Berlin Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery. The importance of an early diagnosis
      and therapy is directed attention to because of the danger of serious subsequent
      diseases that may result in the loss of vital functions.

PMID- 154257
TI  - [Clinical and experimental animal studies made to evaluate silastic and feeeze
      dried dura used in the treatment of orbital floor fractures (author's transl)].
AB  - A comparison has been made of the results obtained using Silastic and freeze
      dried Dura in experiments on dogs treated for orbital floor fractures. Dura was
      found to be a better implant than Silastic because the former material will be
      completely resorbed and replaced by cicatricial connective tissue. Silastic tends
      to remain in its original site or position and may lead to secondary injuries
      because of its mobility. Accordingly, the latter material is indicated for use in
      the case of extensive fractures only.

PMID- 154258
TI  - [On the isolation of streptococcus mutans from human dental plaques (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Using morphological and biochemical criteria, it was possible for Streptococcus
      mutans to be isolated, in one case, from the bacterial plaques obtained from
      three test subjects. The colonies of this clearly identified species were
      characterized by a granular surface resembling frosted glass, had attached to
      them a shining bubble, and were seen to split mannite and sorbite in the absence
      of conversion of glycerol.

PMID- 154259
TI  - [Superficial and marginal behavior of composite filling materials in class III
      and II cavities as compared with conventional filling materials (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The superficial and marginal behavior of composite filling materials is better
      than that of conventional types of front tooth filling cements as regards plaque
      retention, danger of marginal caries, and microleakage with potential damage to
      the pulp caused by bacterial toxins.--According to the results obtained in vitro,
      Evicrol is a positive alternative to Frontasil and Achatit-biochromatic. Plastic
      foils are not suitable as matrices, whereas aluminum matrices have been found to
      meet the requirements of surface smoothness and anatomical adaptability in cavity
      classes III, IV, and V. Celluloid matrices show inadequate adaptational
      properties, although they offer smoothest surfaces. The marginal behavior of
      Evicrol in class II cavities in molars is virtually the same in the case of both
      conventional retentive preparation and modified preparation of initial occlusal
      approximal defects by the enamel etching technique. Discontinuous microretentive
      securing of matrix tags in the enamel etch pattern corresponds neither occlusally
      nor approximally to the physical definition of adhesion in different areas of the
      enamel. Clinical comparison in a 12-month study with the results obtained in
      vitro restricts safe indication to classes III and V, it being necessary to give
      careful consideration to the directions for use.--Long-term clinical longitudinal
      studies are required to determine permanent successes of treatment and possible
      extensions of the range of indications.

PMID- 154260
TI  - [Histological examinations of persisting milk teeth (author's transl)].
AB  - In twelve patients aged 13 to 24, histological examinations of twenty persistent
      milk teeth (with persistency having been due to aplasia of permanent teeth)
      showed that root resorptions are possible in such cases too. Cellular resorption
      results in the root being decomposed lacunally or linerly, respectively. The
      formation of osteodentin, which is a result of the phase of apposition and which
      is taking place in the pulp and along the surface of resorption, respectively, is
      considered a characteristic concomitant phenomenon. However, this tissue does not
      cause "true ankylosis". Accordingly, use of the term "ankylosis" to describe such
      cases is questionable. The author, on the strength of the results obtained in
      these studies, believes that root resorption of persistent milk teeth is a
      pathological process in the case of congenital absence of permanent teeth.

PMID- 154261
TI  - [The registration of the retrusive closing phase and its effect on the mandible].
AB  - Retrusion of the mandible is of central importance to the diagnosis and therapy
      of functional discorders of the orofacial system. The change in width of the
      mandible is measured during recording this retruded position, and instructions
      for an appropriate mode of procedure are given.

PMID- 154262
TI  - [Parodontal alterations caused by a deficiency of fibrin-stabilizing factor
      (factor XIII deficiency) (author's transl)].
AB  - This article reports the results of clinical, symptomatological, and histological
      examinations of the gingiva and parodontium in two patients with a hereditary
      deficiency of fibrinstabilizing factor (factor XIII deficiency).--In a period of
      observation of up to seventeen years the periodontal condition deteriorated until
      the teeth finally fell out.--Because of inadequate possibilities of mechanically
      reducing the plaque, changes of the gingiva in the form of granulomatous
      gingivitis accompanied by osteolysis were observed. The histological phenomena
      are characterized by strong nonspecific plasmacytic inflammation.

PMID- 154263
TI  - [Evaluating the success of bringing the ends of fractured lower jaw bones into
      close apposition by means of plates and bolts (author's transl)].
AB  - The present paper analyzes the results of 100 osteosyntheses performed on 79
      patients, with the ends of fractured lower jaw bones having been brought into
      close appostion through the use of plates and draw-in bolts. The major emphasis
      of this study centered on localizing the fracture and determining the etiology,
      the measures to be taken before performing an operation, the time of operation,
      and the duration of hospitalization.--Inflammatory disturbances of fracture
      healing were observed in 4 percent of the cases, and malocclusion was determined
      for another 4 percent of the cases included in this study. Also discussed by the
      author in his present paper are the results of post-hospital examinations of 51
      patients, with 8 patients showing unesthetic operation scares. Temporary
      incapacity to work was, on average, 27.2 days for patients with isolated lower
      jaw bone fractures.--In conclusion, the author discusses the advantages and
      disadvantages of bringing the ends of fractured lower jaw bones into close
      apposition with the use of plates and bolts.

PMID- 154264
TI  - [The historical evolution of external cranio-maxillary fixation appliances for
      treatment of midfacial fractures (author's transl)].
AB  - The author describes the evolution stages of external cranio-maxillary fixation
      appliances from bandages, leather headbands, plaster headcaps and weight traction
      apparatus to head frame devices. Especially he describes recent halo frame and
      its importance for the treatment of midfacial fractures.

PMID- 154265
TI  - [Changes in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and in the content
      of reduced glutathione in red blood corpuscles in the case of tumorous diseases
      in the maxillofacial region (author's transl)].
AB  - The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the glutathione content of
      red blood corpuscles were determined in twenty-five patients with tumors (of
      which nineteen were malignant and six, nonmalignant) as well as in a control
      group of twelve normal subjects. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase was markedly higher in all of the tumor patients than it was in the
      controls. Also, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was found to
      increase with the time of existence of an untreated tumor.--Increased glutathione
      contents were determined especially in the early stages of tumor development. In
      patients with a relatively long record of malignant and nonmalignant tumorous
      diseases as well as in normal subjects there was observed no or only an
      inconsiderable increase in the content of glutathione.--This method of
      examination is assuming considerable importance for the differential diagnosis of
      tumors located in the maxillofacial region.

PMID- 154266
TI  - [Wenzel Krimer (1795-1834)].

PMID- 154267
TI  - [Economic effectiveness of dispensary treatment of hypertension in a shop day
      dispensary].

PMID- 154268
TI  - [Several aspects of utilization of medical services by middle aged and elderly
      patients].

PMID- 154269
TI  - [At the board of the Ministry of Public Health of the RSFSR].

PMID- 154270
TI  - [Quick cooling of precision castings from a double cuvet].

PMID- 154271
TI  - [Immunization against tooth decay].

PMID- 154272
TI  - [Halitosis as a cosmetic and health problem].

PMID- 154273
TI  - [Immunostaging (author's transl)].
AB  - This survey covers the problems of immunologic monitoring of patients and the
      spectrum of methods of diagnosing various types of immunopathological reactions.

PMID- 154274
TI  - [Rizvan Shikhbuniatovich Dzhavadov].

PMID- 154275
TI  - [Achievements of the Belorussian Epidemic Control Service (on the 60th
      anniversary of Soviet Belorussia)].

PMID- 154276
TI  - [Use of intraspecific differentiation of Sh. sonnei for the purpose of studying
      patterns in the epidemic process of dysentery].
AB  - The use of complex typing of Sh. sonnei by the colicinogenic and enzymatic
      properties in epidemiological analysis of dysentery caused by Sh. sonnei, apart
      from establishment of epidemiological connections in the foci, offered a
      possibility of introducing significant corrections in the determination of the
      sizes and duration of existence of the epidemic foci, as well as in detection of
      the sources and factors of transmission of the infection established in
      epidemiological examination. Typing of Sh. sonnei also aided in ascertaining
      that, apart from general regularities in the individual territories, the epidemic
      process in individual  groups of the population and in different seasons of the
      year could also course autonomously.

PMID- 154278
TI  - [Incidence of meningococcal infection in the RSFSR].
AB  - The authors present characteristics of meningococcus infection epidemic process
      in case of sporadic cases and under epidemic conditions (1965--1976). A scheme of
      epidemiological analysis suggested by the authors permitted to differentiate and
      to record the incidence of various clinical forms of meningococcus infection, to
      present data on the age, seasonal characteristics, focality, etc. Comparison of
      intensive morbidity indices for 10 years, both at the individual administration
      territories and in the Republic as a whole demonstrated morbidity level of 1.5-
      2.0 to be one of prognostic signs of the beginning epidemic. The main features
      differentiating the sporadic and epidemic morbidity periods were revealed. The
      presence of group diseases, a greater percentage of children among those who fell
      ill, and marked signs of seasonality and territorial difference characterized the
      period of rise caused by meningococcus of serological group A.

PMID- 154277
TI  - [Improving tetanus prevention in the Krasnodar area taking the current epidemic
      situation into account].
AB  - An increase of percentage of elderly persons among those who fell ill with
      tetanus (70%) was noted against a sharp reduction of tetanus incidence under the
      effect of mass active immunization against this disease. A study of immunity in
      older and elderly individuals showed the percentage of immune persons among them
      to be rather low (48.8--55.6%). Due to difficulty of elderly individuals
      embracement by vaccination the authors suggest a single immunization scheme with
      a double toxoid dose (20 BU) followed by revaccination with 10 BU in one year. A
      total of 21 472 persons were placed under observation. The suggested immunization
      scheme was harmless, promoted stimulation of antitetanus immunity in persons
      vaccinated earlier; as to unvaccinated persons--it created a favourable
      immunological preparedness for revaccination, permitting to do without any
      antitetanus serum in case of trauma.

PMID- 154279
TI  - [Hydrodynamic and radiologic examination of the common bile duct].
AB  - The operative study of the common bile duct was  carried out with the
      hydrodynamics methods (flow and resting pressure) in 433 patients and with the
      operative cholangiography in 383 patients. The hydrodynamics explorations pointed
      out a margin of mistake due to falses positives and negatives of the 2.7% and the
      operative cholangiographies of the 8.6%. The association of both methods,
      hydrodynamics and radiologycs, allowed us to estimate that the diagnostic mistake
      is reduced to 0%. It is established in this work the necessity of carring out the
      flow, the measure of the resting pressure and the cholangiographies; in all the
      patients that are operated on the biliary tract because the diagnostic accuracy
      is the 100%. It is discussed the value of the diameter of the common bile duct
      for affirming the eventual existence of obstruction of the lower part of the
      common bile duct and the values are correlated, measured in mm., with
      pathological founds. It is considered the value of the hydrodynamics methods in
      the diagnostic of the stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi.

PMID- 154280
TI  - The use of 75Se-methionine as a tracer of thrombocytopoiesis. I. In vivo
      incorporation of the tracer into platelet proteins: a biochemical study.
AB  - This study was undertaken to define to which platelet components 75Se-methionine
      is bound after its injection to normal rats, and to study the curves of specific
      radioactivity of each labelled fraction. It has been shown that, for a part,
      platelet labelling is due to adsorption of plasma proteins (albumin and
      fibrinogen) after their synthesis. For another part, methionine is directly
      incorporated in the bone marrow precursors into platelet actomyosin, a protein
      constituent of the cells; the variations of the specific radioactivity of this
      component indicate that 75Se-methionine can be used as a cohort label of
      platelets.

PMID- 154281
TI  - Histochemical and ultrastructural study of human muscles after spontaneous
      rupture of the tendon.
AB  - The authors studied the histochemical and ultrastructural alterations of human
      muscles after spontaneous rupture of the tendon. Both succinate dehydrogenase (in
      type 1 fibres), and ATPase (in type 2 fibres) activity decreased in all injured
      muscles. In the intact antagonists and in contralateral muscles alterations were
      not found. The creatine phosphokinase and aldolase activity were decreased also
      in the injured muscles. The lactate dehydrogenase activity was various both in
      affected and in unaffected antagonists muscles. 2 weeks or more after the rupture
      of the tendon, in the injured muscles the number of type 1 fibres were decreased
      and therefore a statistically significant type 2 fibre predominance occurred.
      Ultrastructurally the disruption and disorientation of the myofibrils, streaming
      and disorganisation of Z line were found. The sarcolemma was arranged, the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum was dilated; both normal, pycnotic and enlarged
      mitochondria were observed. The motor end-plates were not discernible.

PMID- 154282
TI  - The proliferative activity of myocardial capillary wall cells in variously aged
      swimming-exercised rats.
AB  - Cellular proliferation was studied by incorporation of 3H-thymidine in the hearts
      of young, adult and old swimming-exercised rats. The proliferative activity was
      measured by scintillation counting. The swimming exercise induced a significant
      proliferation of capillary wall cells in the younger age groups, suggesting a
      neoformation of myocardial capillaries in these rats, whereas no cell
      proliferation was recorded in the old rats.

PMID- 154284
TI  - Dose considerations in total skin electron irradiation for mycosis fungoides.
AB  - Two hundred patients with generalized cutaneous mycosis fungoides were treated
      with total skin electron irradiation (TSEI) in the Lahey Clinic Radiotherapy
      Department-MIT High Voltage Research Laboratory between 1964 and 1973. None of
      the patients had any clinical evidence of extracutaneous disease at presentation.
      The 3-year absolute survival rate was 54% (107 patients). Analysis of these 107
      long-term survivors evaluated the relation between incidence of generalized
      cutaneous recurrence and total treatment dose given during the initial course of
      TSEI. Results indicated that in patients with erythroderma, the need for a second
      course of TSEI was inversely related to the total dose given during the first
      course. However, the curve seemed to flatten at about 1,500 cGy (rad). In plaque
      disease, the percentage of patients who received repeated courses of TSEI seemed
      to be relatively constant independent of total dose given during the initial
      course (65%-80%). In patients with tumor lesions, the incidence of generalized
      cutaneous recurrence was directly proportional to total dose. The optimal dose of
      TSEI for patients with mycosis fungoides may vary depending on types of skin
      lesions. Total dose during the initial course of TSEI should be kept relatively
      conservative, particularly in patients with generalized plaques where relapse
      rate is high allowing reserve of normal tissue tolerance for further TSEI when
      indicated.

PMID- 154283
TI  - Heart disease as a precursor of stroke.

PMID- 154285
TI  - Radiographic appearance of laparoscopic tubal ring.

PMID- 154286
TI  - A program for sex counseling the physically disabled.

PMID- 154287
TI  - [The current position of the transfer factor investigation (author's transl)].
AB  - This critical review has attempted to describe the current knowledge about the
      preparation and characterisation of transfer factor, the biological assays, and
      the tendency to therapy of patients with immunodeficiencies, chronic infectious
      diseases, and neoplastic diseases on the basic of results of the two last years.
      Hypotheses for the mechanism of functional activities of transfer factor are
      discussed.

PMID- 154288
TI  - [Drug-induced bronchospasm (author's transl)].
AB  - A detailed review of drug-induced bronchospasm is presented. Four types of
      reactions are described. Furthermore, pathogenesis, clinical picture, treatment
      and prophylaxis of the "Aspirin-induced asthma" are demonstrated.

PMID- 154289
TI  - [Comparative investigations of quantitative determination of cell-mediated
      immunity by skin test, macrophage migration inhibition test, and lymphocyte
      transformation test in guinea pigs (author's transl)].
AB  - Following an intradermal immunization of guinea pigs with bovine gamma globulin
      (BGG) and/or human serum albumin (HSA) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant
      we studied the cell-mediated immune response and its manipulation by 6
      mercaptopurine. Three accepted correlates of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) have
      been used for the estimation of the immune reaction: - Intracutaneous test (IT) -
      Macrophage migration inhibition test (MMIT) - Lymphocyte transformation test
      (LTT). Comparative studies of quantitative determinations of CMI showed a
      correlation of the results of the in vitro test systems (MMIT and LTT) with the
      state of delayed hypersensitivity of the experimental animals, estimated by the
      IT in vivo. The cell-mediated immune response against BGG was much higher than
      that against HSA. This could be shown by all three test systems. We detected an
      immunosuppressive influence of 6-mercaptopurine on the CMI of guinea pigs, due to
      the dose and the mode of application. Thereby the in vitro test systems detected
      quantitative differences and indicated already a partial success of the
      immunosuppressive therapy, whereas the IT allowed a qualitative estimation only.

PMID- 154290
TI  - Immunological function of tonsils in atopic and nonatopic children, with special
      reference to E- and EAC-binding lymphocytes.
AB  - This investigation was carried out to determine the immunological function of the
      human tonsils, especially the role of lymphocytes of the atopic and nonatopic
      children. Authors introduced E- and EAC-rosettes forming technique with semi
      quantitative evaluation of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood of 56 normal
      subjects, 28 atopic and 5 nonaptoic children of both sexes and different age. The
      percentage of T and B lymphocytes in removed palatine tonsils in 28 atopic and 5
      nonatopic children was calculated. The percentage of rosettes forming cells in E
      and EAC suspensions appeared to be independent of age and sex. The percentage of
      T lymphocytes in peripheral blood is significantly higher than in the palatine
      tonsils whereas the percentage of B lymphocytes is significantly higher in the
      tonsils of atopic and nonatopic children than in the peripheral blood. The mean
      percentage of B lymphocytes in the tonsils of atopic children is significantly
      higher than in nonatopic children. The percentage of B lymphocytes was found to
      be significantly higher in hypertrophic than in small tonsils. Also, in the
      tonsils with adhesions there was a statistically significant higher percentage of
      EAC rosettes than in the tonsils free of adhesions. The percentage of T
      lymphocytes is statistically significant higher in the small tonsils.

PMID- 154291
TI  - [Microlymphocytotoxic test with T lymphocytes: positivity by 3 hrs incubation
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Some human anti-HLA-DR and anti-HLA-A,B-sera contain cytotoxins reacting with T
      lymphocytes in the cytotoxic test by the prolongation of the incubation time to 3
      hrs, whereas in the normal cytotoxic test of 1 1/2 hr incubation antibodies are
      not proved. These results suggest that simultaneous testing of sera with B and T
      lymphocytes not always give a true image of the actual occurrence of antibodies
      in the serum. The cause of the phenomen and the problem of the serological
      character of cytotoxins are discussed.

PMID- 154292
TI  - Acute retrograde dissection of the ascending thoracic aorta.

PMID- 154293
TI  - Acromegaly and the heart. An echocardiographic study.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with acromegaly had echocardiograms performed to delineate
      the ventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall and mitral valve. Left
      ventricular function was assessed by calculating the systolic internal
      dimensional shortening of the left ventricle. Six patients met the criteria for
      asymmetric septal hypertrophy and eight had concentric left ventricular
      hypertrophy. The remaining 13 patients were categorized as "normal," although six
      had septal measurements greater than 11 mm. The group with asymmetric septal
      hypertrophy had significantly greater percentage of internal dimensional
      shortening during systole than either the normal group (p less than 0.05) or the
      group with left ventricular hypertrophy (p less than 0.01). Initial mean growth
      hormone levels were considerably higher in the group with left ventricular
      hypertrophy than in the normal group (93 versus 34 ng/ml). Thus,
      echocardiographic abnormalities are common in acromegaly, and patients with
      asymmetric septal hypertrophy and acromegaly appear to have significantly
      increased ventricular ejection. Many of the patients with left ventricular
      hypertrophy have no evidence of clinical cardiovascular disease, and their left
      ventricular hypertrophy may be related to higher initial growth hormone levels.

PMID- 154294
TI  - Echocardiographic features of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Correlation
      with hemodynamic and postmortem studies.

PMID- 154295
TI  - Maternal age patterns and the incidence of Down's syndrome.
AB  - The incidence of Down's syndrome in three counties in southwestern Ontario from
      1960 to 1974 was monitored in this retrospective descriptive study. Of 229, 754
      live births including 292 Down's syndrome births, there was an incidence of
      1.27/1,000 live births. The age-adjusted incidence for 288 cases where mother's
      age was known was 1.25/1,000. Data from Statistics Canada demonstrated a decrease
      in proportions of births to women over 35 years and a decrease in mean maternal
      age. The anticipated decrease in incidence of Down's syndrome because of these
      factors was not found; a real biological increase to women under 35 years cannot
      be ruled out.

PMID- 154296
TI  - Evaluation of a regional resource center for multiply handicapped retarded
      children.
AB  - A modified before--after, control-group evaluation design was employed to assess
      the impact of a demonstration program for multiply handicapped retarded children.
      Child development, parent and therapist attitudes, and knowledge and use of
      services were evaluated. Findings revealed no significant positive impact of the
      program on development, attitudes, and knowledge; the treatment group used more
      services. A significant change to a more negative attitude on the part of the
      treatment-group parents with regard to some aspects of normalization was found.
      Major impact of the program was in the area of coordination of services.

PMID- 154297
TI  - Cortical evoked responses and response decrement in nonretarded and Down's
      syndrome individuals.
AB  - Cortical evoked responses were recorded from 66 nonretarded and 66 Down's
      syndrome subjects. Analyses of single-trial responses from which evoked responses
      were averaged indicated that visual evoked response amplitude in nonretarded
      subjects was more dependent on variability than on amplitude of single responses.
      Response decrement, the tendency for evoked responses to attenuate with
      repetitive stimulation, was clearly observed in the evoked responses of the
      nonretarded subjects but was minimal in those of the Down's syndrome group. The
      findings support the concept that the development of inhibitory processes in
      Down's syndrome persons' brains may be halted or delayed at an early age.

PMID- 154299
TI  - President's message: the role of the orthodontist in pedodontic care.

PMID- 154298
TI  - Imitative behavior by Down's syndrome persons.
AB  - Three scales of imitative behavior (nonverbal, vocal, and verbal) were
      administered to 28 Down's syndrome subjects and 56 subjects with other diagnoses.
      All of the subjects were severely retarded and had at least partial vision and
      hearing, and the two groups were closely comparable with respect to sex, CA, and
      IQ. The results provided no support for the hypothesis--backed by a century of
      clinical observation--that individuals with Down's syndrome "are outstanding in
      their mimicry" (Belmont, 1971, p. 38).

PMID- 154300
TI  - Characteristics of active Na transport in intact cardiac cells.
AB  - An active Na transport maintains the Na and K concentration gradients across the
      cell membrane of many cells and restores them following excitation. Heart muscle
      cells display frequent electrical discharges and thus the cardiac Na pump is of
      fundamental functional significance. Some methods for studying active Na
      transport are described. The active Na efflux from heart muscle cells is
      activated by an increase in the intracellular Na and the extracellular K
      concentration. The linkage between active Na efflux and active K influx varies
      widely according to the experimental conditions. The cardiac Na pump is
      electrogenic and can contribute directly to the membrane potential of the cells.
      The effects of active Na transport on contraction and intercellular coupling in
      myocardium are discussed.

PMID- 154302
TI  - Electron microscopic study of the snout muscle spindles of the mole following
      denervation.
AB  - The authors examined electron microscopically the daily effects of the muscle
      spindles of the mole snout muscles following unilateral facial neurotomy. The
      denervated muscle spindles show first a degenerative sign of the sensory end bulb
      1 day after the operation and later a degenerative sign of the intrafusal muscle
      fibers one week after the operation. The muscle spindles on the untreated side
      show first a degenerative sign of the intrafusal muscle fibers 2 weeks after the
      operation and later a degenerative sign of the sensory end bulb 20 days after the
      operation. 40 to 90 days after the operation, the spindles on both sides show the
      same degenerative signs, the intrafusal muscle fibers having become much thinner
      than the control.

PMID- 154301
TI  - The trial use of clozapine for abnormal involuntary movement disorders.
AB  - Twelve patients with abnormal involuntary movement disorders were treated with
      clozapine in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The cohort consisted of
      individuals with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, Huntington's disease, and
      atypical persistent dyskinesia that was drug induced. Two subjects were dropped
      from the protocol due to complications. Two patients with Huntington's disease
      showed a marked decrease in movements; other individuals obtained no significant
      therapeutic benefits. Seven of the 10 patients completing the trial experienced
      moderate or marked side effects.

PMID- 154304
TI  - Ultrastructural classification of three different rat gonadotrophs after LH-RH
      stimulation.

PMID- 154303
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the adrenal cortex of rats exposed to extremely low
      temperatures.

PMID- 154305
TI  - The anatomy of the parotid duct (ductus parotideus) of the greyhound as
      appreciated by the sense of touch.

PMID- 154306
TI  - [The functional morphology of the rete testis. tubuli recti and terminal segments
      of the semeniferous tubules in the mature bull].

PMID- 154307
TI  - [Development of the articular space demonstrated in the elbow joint of mice
      embryos].

PMID- 154308
TI  - Effect of LH, prolactin and spermine on ATPase activity of human spermatozoa.
AB  - The effect of Prolactin and LH on the activity of spermatozoal ATPase was
      studied. Both the hormones activated the enzyme activity suggesting that these
      hormones, as they are present in the seminal fluid may influence the energy
      metabolism of spermatozoa. The spermine, a polyamine present in large
      concentration in the semen, had significantly enhanced the ATPase activity of the
      spermatozoa in a dose related manner.

PMID- 154309
TI  - Basic mechanisms in narcotic tolerance and physical dependence.

PMID- 154310
TI  - Actin filaments in human skin fibroblasts are similar in normal persons and
      patients with Huntington's disease.
AB  - Actin filaments in skin fibroblasts from patients with Huntington's disease (HD)
      were examined using immunofluorescent methods. Actin filaments were seen along
      the axis of cell elongation (stress or sheath filaments) as well as in areas of
      membrane ruffling (lattice filaments). In some cases, filaments appeared to
      radiate from foci within the cell. Bundles of these filaments radiated in various
      directions at different depths within a cell. These structures are similar, in
      cells from both normal individuals and HD patients, to actin filaments observed
      in other cell types. The higher-than-normal confluent densities achieved in
      culture by fibroblasts from patients with Huntington's chorea do not involve
      alterations in the ultrastructure of actin filaments.

PMID- 154311
TI  - Interaction of uncouplers with the mitochondrial membrane: identification of the
      high affinity binding site.

PMID- 154312
TI  - The nurse's role in health maintenance of the physically disabled client.

PMID- 154314
TI  - [Echographic diagnosis of obstruction cardiomyopathies and hemodynamic
      correlations].

PMID- 154315
TI  - Chronic pain: is it necessary?

PMID- 154316
TI  - The self concept of children and adolescents and the effects of physical
      disability.

PMID- 154317
TI  - The prevalence of HBeAg and anti-HBe in an institution for the mentally retarded.
AB  - The age specific prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs was studied in 855 mentally
      retarded children and adults living in a large institution. The sera of every
      HBsAg positive patient was re-tested for the presence of HBeAg and anti-HBe.
      Overall, 78.2% of subjects showed serological evidence of current or past
      infection with HBV. The carrier rate was highest in children and young adults and
      higher amongst subjects with Down's syndrome than with other forms of
      retardation. HBeAg was detected in 33.9% of carriers and its prevalence also
      decreased with increasing age and was highest amongst subjects with Down's
      syndrome.

PMID- 154318
TI  - Laparoscopic tubal occlusion with silicone rubber bands.
AB  - Application of the silastic ring to the Fallopian tubes through the laparoscope
      seems to be a simple, safe and acceptable method of tubal sterilization. The
      technique and results in 337 patients are described. In the majority of cases,
      the procedure was effected in the outpatient department under local anaesthesia.
      Transsection of the tube (with or without bleeding), tearing of the mesosalpinx,
      and avulsion of the tube at the uterotubal junction were the most common
      complications; with experience and adherence to the proper technique of ring
      application, the above can be minimized. The pregnancy rate following this
      procedure seems to be acceptable, but long-term follow-up is necessary for
      definitive conclusions.

PMID- 154319
TI  - [Tyrosinemia and Richner-Hanhart syndrome (an autosomal recessive hereditary
      metabolic disease of childhood with bilateral dendritic pseudokeratitis,
      keratosis palmaris et plantaris and mental deficiency)].

PMID- 154320
TI  - [Reaction of rabbit cornea to Histoacryl tissue adhesive].

PMID- 154321
TI  - Prospects and services for medical rehabilitation.
AB  - In the developed world, comprehensive services for disabled patients are usually
      well established for children and elderly people. Services for rehabilitation of
      middle-aged patients generally consist of specific treatment facilities, such as
      for physiotherapy. On the other hand, a range of services of psychiatric patients
      is now established, with a model suitable for most disorders. Arrangements are
      flexible, ranging from crisis intervention to long-term care, in some places
      being remarkably comprehensive and well coordinated. There is a need to plan
      development of medical and social services for patients prone to chronic
      morbidity from whatever cause; this plan for the physicially disabled should take
      account of their many needs, and of the many facilities now available, some
      statutory, some voluntary. There is reason to believe that redeployment of
      resources existing in many countries could improve the standard of medical
      rehabilitation for patients of all ages.

PMID- 154322
TI  - Purification and reaction mechanisms of the primary inhibitor of plasmin from
      human plasma.
AB  - The primary inhibitor of plasmin in human plasma was purified by a four-step
      procedure involving fractional (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation, ion-exchange
      chromatography on a column of DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and affinity chromatography on
      both a plasminogen-CH-Sepharose 4B column and a column of 6-aminohexanoic acid
      covalently coupled through the carboxylate function to AH-Sepharose 4B. No
      impurities in the final preparation could be detected when tested by
      immunoelectrophoresis against a range of specific antisera or against rabbit anti
      human serum. On polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis the inhibitor preparation
      showed a single band. The dissociation constant for the inhibitor-plasminogen
      complex was determined to be approx. 3mum at pH7.8. The reactions of the
      inhibitor with human plasmin and with bovine trypsin were studied. Comparison of
      the results obtained confirms the hypothesis previously presented, namely that
      the reaction of the inhibitor with plasmin involves at least two steps, the
      initial rapid formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex followed by a slow
      irreversible transition to another complex. The results also indicate that the
      reaction of the inhibitor with trypsin involves just a single, irreversible step,
      so that this reaction seems to be less complicated than that of the inhibitor
      with plasmin. The ways in which 6-aminohexanoic acid influences the reactions
      were studied. The same value for the dissociation constant (approx. 26mum) for 6
      aminohexanoic acid is obtained for both its effect on the reaction of the
      inhibitor with trypsin and for competitive inhibition of trypsin. The inhibitory
      effect of 6-aminohexanoic acid thus seems to be due to its blocking of the active
      site of trypsin. In contrast with this, the inhibitory effects of l-lysine and 6
      aminohexanoic acid on the inhibitor-plasmin reaction occur at concentrations much
      too low to affect the active site of plasmin. The possible dependence of the
      reaction of the inhibitor with plasmin on a second site(s) on plasmin is
      discussed.

PMID- 154324
TI  - A requirement for ubiquinone in ATPase activity and oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 154323
TI  - Kinetics and regulation of the myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - 1. The steady-state kinetic behaviour of the ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) of
      intact myofibrils was studied in the presence of both high and low concentrations
      of Ca2+ (0.25 mM and less than 10 nM respectively). 2. Kinetic data were
      collected over the initial linear phase of the assay, which lasts for 20--60s. To
      obtain consistent data we found it necessary to use either fresh myofibril
      preparations or preparations that had been stored in the presence of thiol
      compounds. 3. When assayed in the presence of 0.25 mM-Ca2+, the myofibrillar
      ATPase obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics over the range 0.03--5.0 mM-MgATP (Km 16
      +/- 6 micrometer, V 0.4 +/- 0.1 mumol/min per mg). 4. At low Ca2+ concentrations
      (less than 10 nM) the myofibrillar ATPase displayed pronounced substrate
      inhibition, which was not observed at high Ca2+ concentrations. Thus increasing
      the MgATP concentration had the net effect of decreasing the ATPase activity at
      low Ca2+ relative to that at high Ca2+. This preferential effect of MgATP on the
      low-Ca2+ ATPase may be important in Ca2+ control. 5. The substrate inhibition
      that was observed at low Ca2+ was lost on storage or thiol modification of the
      myofibrils. 6. Under physiological conditions (2 mM-MgATP, I 0.15, pH 7.0), the
      ATPase of fresh and thiol-protected myofibrils displayed approx. 100-fold
      activation by Ca2+.

PMID- 154325
TI  - Chymotryptic heavy meromyosin from gizzard myosin: a proteolytic fragment with
      the regulatory properties of the intact myosin.

PMID- 154326
TI  - Does protamine dictate the direction of growth of the actin filaments?

PMID- 154327
TI  - Human growth hormone active site for membrane cooperative enzymes.

PMID- 154328
TI  - Mitochondrial oligomycin-resistance mutations affecting the proteolipid subunit
      of the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase.

PMID- 154330
TI  - Differential sensitivity of functional subsets of T cells to the cytotoxicity of
      natural T-lymphocytotoxic autoantibody of systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A naturally occurring T-lymphocytotoxic autoantibody (Hu-NTA) in serum from a
      patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) showed a differential cytotoxic
      effect on functionally different T cell subsets as did natural thymocytotoxic
      autoantibody (NTA) of NZB mice. When the normal peripheral blood lymphocytes were
      treated, in the presence of complement, with Hu-NTA at a dilution that eliminated
      25 to 30% of Hu-NTA-sensitive T cells, there was a marked reduction or a total
      depletion in the ability of resultant cells to show Con A-activated suppression
      on the proliferative response of responder cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction.
      The treatment of PBL in the same manner also resulted in a marked reduction in
      its responsiveness to Con A and PHA. However, the responder cells to allogeneic
      stimulator cells in MLR were found to be much more resistant to the cytotoxicity
      of Hu-NTA than other functional T cell subsets tested. These results suggest that
      Hu-NTA is responsible for the selective loss of certain functional T cell subsets
      including suppressor T cells in patients with SLE.

PMID- 154329
TI  - Interaction of anthracycline antibiotics with actin and heavy meromyosin.

PMID- 154331
TI  - Long term effectiveness of low dose mithramycin for Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - Nineteen patients with Paget's disease of bone were studied 7 months to 5 years
      after therapy with mithramycin in a dose averaging 11.5 microgram/kg body weight
      daily for 10 days. Thirteen patients, including 3 with the longest followup
      intervals, remained free of pain. Objective measures of disease activity (serum
      alkaline phosphatase level and 99mtechnetium pyrophosphate bone scan) were less
      favorable. There was no evidence of long term toxicity.

PMID- 154332
TI  - [Cardiotocographic monitoring in pregnancy: some cases of sporadic decelerations
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The Authors are refering to the appearance of unknown deceleration in "APC"
      cardiotocograms. There is no relationship between these decelerations and the
      uterine contractions or fetal movements. These decelerations are called
      "sporadic" and are an indication of fetal risk. However, it is not necessary to
      have an immediate delivery.

PMID- 154333
TI  - [Ecologic systems and human health].

PMID- 154334
TI  - [Evaluation of the serological reponse of cattle infected naturally and
      experimentally with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus].

PMID- 154335
TI  - [The multinational Andean genetic and health program: II. Disease and disability
      among the Aymara].

PMID- 154336
TI  - [Taxonomy of viruses, 1975].

PMID- 154337
TI  - [Prenatal care in a municipality of Sao Paulo].

PMID- 154338
TI  - [Detection of Salmonella typhi carriers in Mexico].

PMID- 154339
TI  - [Immunological procedure to regulate fertility].

PMID- 154340
TI  - [Action of some H2 receptor agonists on the cardiac atria of the guinea pig].

PMID- 154341
TI  - [Cytochemical studies of plasma cell ATP-ase: a further contribution to the
      diagnosis of malignancy of gammapathies?].

PMID- 154342
TI  - Congenital non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia variants with primary and secondary
      pyruvate kinase deficiency. I. Erythrokinetic patterns.
AB  - The patterns of survival of isotope-labelled erythrocytes were examined in
      patients suffering from two variants of congenital non-spherocytic haemolytic
      anaemia with decreased erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) activity. In one variant,
      with primary PK defect (PPKD) random destruction of erythrocytes was predominant
      in the process of haemolysis. In the second variant, with primary magnesium
      activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATP-ase) (Mg++) deficiency and a secondary
      decrease in PK activity, erythrocytes were destroyed by senescence. Two
      subpopulations of labelled erythrocytes with different destruction rates were
      observed in all patients examined, except one with the second variant, with very
      mild haemolysis. Splenectomy, performed on two patient, was successful only in
      the variant with PPKD.

PMID- 154343
TI  - Congenital non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia variants with primary and secondary
      pyruvate kinase deficiency. II. Enzymatic studies.
AB  - Some metabolic effects associated with defective pyruvate kinase (PK) in two
      variants of congenital non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia with primary PK and
      primary adenosine triphosphatase (ATP-ase) (Mg++) deficiency respectively we
      compared. In one patient with a low erythrocyte ATP level, decreased PK activity
      appeared together with the irreversible loss of its sensitivity to fructose-I,6
      diphosphate (FDP), independently of the experimental conditions. In the second
      patient, the decrease in PK activity associated with an elevated erythrocyte ATP
      level was a secondary effect, due to primary ATP-ase (Mg++) deficiency. Removal
      of excessive amounts of ATP, by dialysis of haemolysates or their in-vitro
      treatment with ATP-ase, increased PK activity to the normal range and restored
      its sensitivity to the stimulatory effect of FDP. Similar effects could be
      obtained after i.v. administration of magnesium laevulinate. Under these in vivo
      conditions the ATP level was normalized after a transient rise ATP-ase activity,
      the PK activity increased and its sensitivity to FDP reappeared.

PMID- 154344
TI  - Inhibition of the (Ca2+)ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum by
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide: evidence for location of the Ca2+ binding site in a
      hydrophobic region.
AB  - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibits the (Ca2+)ATPase, Ca2+ uptake by
      sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and Ca2+ binding to the (Ca2+)ATPase from
      sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ca2+ (at micron concentrations) specifically protects
      against DCCD inhibition. The inhibition can, therefore, be readily demonstrated
      only in the presence of Ca2+ chelating agents such as EGTA. In the presence of
      EGTA, the ionophore A-23187 increased the sensitivity to DCCD. The ionophore also
      increased the phosphorylation of the enzyme by inorganic phosphate in the
      presence of Mg2+. These results indicate that tightly bound Ca2+ is located in a
      hydrophobic region of the enzyme which is not accessible to EGTA. Complete
      inhibition of the (Ca2+)ATPase is accompanied by binding of 4--5 nmol of
      [14C]DCCD per mg of ATPase protein in the absence of Ca2+ compared with 2 nmol
      bound per mg in the presence of Ca2+ with no ATPase inhibition. Assuming a
      molecular weight of 100 000 for the ATPase monomer, about 1 nmol of DCCD inhibits
      4 nmol of ATPase. This result suggests that the minimal functional unit of the
      enzyme is a tetramer. Following trypsin digestion of the [14C]DCCD-labeled ATPase
      most of the radioactivity appears in the 20 000-dalton fragment. We propose that
      DCCD reacts with the Ca2+-binding site of the ATPase.

PMID- 154345
TI  - Reconstitution of oxidative phosphorylation by chemically modified coupling
      factor F1: differential inhibition of reactions catalyzed by F1 labeled with 7
      chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole or 2,3-butanedione.

PMID- 154346
TI  - Subunit function in cardiac myosin: effect of removal of Lc2 (18 000 molecular
      weight) on enzymatic properties.

PMID- 154347
TI  - Transport characteristics of frog gastric membranes.
AB  - ATP-induced transport by fractions of frog gastric microsomes prepared either by
      density gradient centrifugation of by free flow electrophoresis were K+ dependent
      and hence considered due to a K+-activated ATPase. Significant activity of this
      enzyme was, however, only found in the anodic peak of the free flow
      electrophoretic separation, which in addition to separating transporting from non
      transporting particles, also separated membranes containing a phosphorylatable
      peptide (Mr=105 000) region as the major peptide on SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis from those containing a peptide (Mr=44 000) on SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. H+ uptake, measured either by acridine orange or 3,3'
      diethyloxadicarbocyanine + tetrachlorosalicylanilide absorbance changes was
      dependent on K+ intravesicularly. Using 86Rb+, active extrusion of the cation
      followed ATP addition. SCN-, an inhibitor of acid secretion did not affect the
      latter, but blocked signals due to H+ uptake, in contrast to mammalian
      preparations.

PMID- 154348
TI  - Structure and mechanism of catalytic action of active sites of nitrogenase.
AB  - A review of the data on the macromolecular structure of nitrogenase and its
      individual fragments, the electronic structure of iron- and molybdenum-containing
      components of the active site, and the functional groups of the ATPase site of
      the enzyme is given. Reactions of N2 reduction, ATP hydrolysis, and H2 evolution,
      inhibitory processes, and electron transport reactions catalyzed by the enzyme
      are analyzed within the framework of a general kinetic model. The results of an
      investigation of the location of the iron-containing cluster system of electron
      transport, the ATPase site, and the N2-binding and reducing site on the
      nitrogenase macro-molecule with the aid of a new complex approach including
      methods of spin, luminescent, and electron-dense labeling are described. On the
      basis of a number of physicochemical and kinetic data a model of the structure
      and mechanism of action of the active site of nitrogenase is proposed, which
      assumes four-step electron transfer from an external reducing agent along the
      chain of ferredoxin-like iron-containing clusters of the enzyme and an increase
      in the reducing potential of the iron clusters through the energy of ATP
      hydrolysis and four-electron reduction in a binuclear molybdenum-containing
      complex.

PMID- 154349
TI  - [Some peculiarities of ATPase in tumor mitochondria].
AB  - The oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase activity (initial and stimulated by DNP
      and Mg2+) in tumor mitochondria were investigated. The intact mitochondria of
      Zajdela hepatoma, in contrast to liver mitochondria, exhibit the ATPase activity
      which is slightly stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol and is markedly activated by
      Mg2+. The mitochondria from transplantable solid tumors (adenocarcinoma 755,
      Iensen sarcoma, sarcoma 45) despite satisfactory morphological integrity under
      electron microscopy are biochemically less intact than the mitochondria of
      hepatoma. ATPase of these mitochondria is also slightly stimulated by 2,4
      dinitrophenol and significantly by Mg2+. The ATPase activity of thymus
      mitochondria, the normal tissue with sufficiently high proliferative activity,
      corresponds to that of tumor mitochondria. The total amount of enzyme in
      mitochondria of tumors investigated and thymus is not lowered, since the ATPase
      activity in the presence of both DNP and Mg2+ corresponds to the ATPase activity
      of liver mitochondria. The Mg2+ ATPase activity of tumor mitochondria is not
      sensitive or is only partly sensitive to oligomycin. The data obtained are
      indicative of a high lability of the phosphorylating system in tumor and thymus
      mitochondria. A possibility of reorganization of the energy mechanism of tumor
      mitochondria and some normal tissues in connection with increased metabolism
      requiring high energy consumption, is discussed.

PMID- 154350
TI  - [Phospholipid composition and enzyme activity of mitochondrial ATPase complexes].
AB  - The phospholipid composition of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase fractions from
      mitochondria, precipitated under different ammonium sulfate concentrations
      according to the Kagawa-Racker method, was studied. The ATPase activity of the
      isolated fractions was found to be correlated with the levels of their
      phospholipase and esterase activities.

PMID- 154351
TI  - [Disruption of the Ca++ transport enzyme system in sarcoplasmic reticulum
      membranes upon exposure to phospholipid hydroperoxides and fatty acid
      hydroperoxides].
AB  - It was shown that when injected into a suspension of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
      vesicles phosphatidyl ethanol-amine hydroperoxide (HP) slightly activated Ca++
      dependent ATPase and increased the permeability of SR membranes for Ca++ during
      the enzyme function. Linoleic acid HP had no effect on the parameters of the
      enzymatic Ca++- transporting system (activity of Ca++-dependent ATPase, Ca/ATP
      ratio, rate of Ca++ efflux) in the SR membranes due to its insufficient
      incorporation into the SR fragments. It is concluded that among the primary
      molecular products of lipid peroxidation (free fatty acid HP, phospholipid HP)
      induced both in vitro (by the Fe++ + ascorbate system) and in vivo (ischemia, E
      avitaminosis), only the phospholipid HPs were modifiers of Ca++ transport in the
      SR membranes.

PMID- 154352
TI  - Selectivity of action of 5-FU: biochemical basis.
AB  - Studies have been initiated to investigate the biochemical basis for selectivity
      of action of 5-fluorouracil against tumor cells. These studies included the
      measurement of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate pools and the amount of 5
      fluorouracil incorporated into RNA at various times following the administration
      of labeled 5-fluorouracil-6-3H, 5-fluorouridine-6-3H and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-6
      3H to animals bearing sensitive L1210 cells and L1210 resistant to 5
      fluorouracil. The data indicate that: 1) in both cell lines the order of drug
      uptake into cells in vivo was in the order of fluorouride greater than
      fluorouracil greater then fluorodeoxyuridine; 2) there was no qualitative
      difference between the two cell lines in term of the extent of drug activation;
      3) the data suggest a strong correlation between the amount of 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine-monophosphates formed and retained at the target site and
      responsiveness to these agents. The effects of thymidine administered by
      continuous infusion and i.v. bolus injection on the antitumor activity of 5
      fluorouracil was also investigated in animals bearing the induced colon
      carcinoma. The data suggest that thymidine, in combination with 5-fluorouracil,
      improves the therapeutic index of 5-fluorouracil. Initial studies on the
      metabolism of 5-fluorouracil in patients bearing the colon carcinoma are also
      reported herein.

PMID- 154353
TI  - Potential clinical applications of a new method for quantitation of plasma levels
      of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.
AB  - A new high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the clinical assay of 5
      fluorouracil and 5-fluoroudexyuridine has been developed. The sensitivity and
      specificity of the method equals that of gas chromatography/mass spectrometric
      methods. The practical value of the method has been demonstrated by its
      application in several preliminary clinical studies of 5-fluorouracil in which
      plasma levels of 10(-8)-10(-6)M were readily monitored.

PMID- 154354
TI  - Sexual fulfilment for the handicapped.

PMID- 154355
TI  - Are they being served?

PMID- 154356
TI  - Manipulation for low back pain.

PMID- 154357
TI  - Miniature peak-flow meters.

PMID- 154358
TI  - Excitation of dynamic fusimotor neurones of the cat triceps surae by
      contralateral joint afferents.

PMID- 154359
TI  - Gnotobiotic pigs-derivation and rearing.
AB  - The procurement, rearing, nutrition and microbiological monitoring of gnotobiotic
      pigs and a method for conditioning of primary, colostrum-deprived, specific
      pathogen free pigs is described. As compared to the established hysterectomy and
      closed hysterotomy methods for the derivation of gnotobiotic piglets an
      alternative approach, open caesarian section with the sow maintained under
      general halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and the introduction of each fetus
      into the sterile isolator via a liquid germicidal trap, was found to be more
      efficient and equally successful in providing viable and microbiologically
      sterile piglets. Two sterile commercially available milk diets, a special formula
      for orphan animals and condensed cow's milk, when the latter was supplemented
      with injectable vitamin E, selenium and iron, proved adequate for satisfactory
      health of the animals. Two types of pelleted starter rations, sterilized by 4.5
      megarads of gamma irradiation, provided adequately for the nutritional needs of
      older gnotobiotic pigs. Results of microbiological monitoring indicated that the
      surgical and rearing methods employed were capable of preventing contamination of
      the animals with bacteria, mycoplasma, yeasts, molds, protozoa and helminths but
      probably could not exclude occasional vertically transmitted viral infections.
      Exposure of the animals for four weeks to selected strains of lactobacilli, fecal
      streptococci and Escherichia coli did not result in visible disease while they
      were maintained in isolators and conditioned them for transfer into a
      conventional microbial environment.

PMID- 154360
TI  - The effects of thymoxamine on anterior chamber depth in human eyes.
AB  - The effects of 0.5% Thymoxamine on intraocular pressure and anterior chamber
      depth were studied in 20 non-glaucomatous eyes. Miosis occurred in all of the
      eyes but was not accompanied by a shallowing of the anterior chamber or reduction
      in the intraocular pressure. The significance of the findings is discussed.

PMID- 154361
TI  - Resistance of cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to spectinomycin.

PMID- 154362
TI  - Cell kinetics of hepatocytes during the preneoplastic period of
      diethylnitrosamine-induced liver carcinogenesis.

PMID- 154363
TI  - Phase I trial of chlorozotocin.
AB  - Chlorozotocin was given to 37 patients with advanced malignant tumors in a daily
      X 5 schedule at 6-week intervals. Total iv doses for each course ranged from 75
      to 200 mg/m2. Myelosuppression was dose-limiting, with a platelet count
      depression regularly observed at doses of greater or equal to 150 mg/m2;
      leukopenia occurred only at the highest dose level. Nausea and vomiting were mild
      and uncommon. No hyperglycemia or adverse drug-related effects on renal or
      hepatic function were observed. No major antitumor activity occurred; however,
      three patients with renal cell carcinoma and one patient each with lung cancer,
      ovarian carcinoma, and Hodgkin's disease had minor objective decreases in tumor
      size. A dose range of 150--200 mg/m2 iv for each 5-day course is recommended for
      phase II studies.

PMID- 154364
TI  - Capillary density and muscle fibre size in the hearts of rats subjected to
      stimulated high altitude.
AB  - Six Wistar rats were subjected to a barometric pressure of 50.7 kPa (380 mmHg)
      for 34 days. These rats and six controls were killed and their myocardial
      capillaries perfused with India ink. Hypoxia did not induce any proliferation of
      capillaries in the left ventricle neither did it lead to a reduction in myofibre
      size. In the right ventricle the capillary density was reduced largely due to a
      two-fold increase in myofibre area but there was an increase in the capillary:
      fibre ratio indicating a modest proliferation of capillaries secondary to right
      ventricular hypertrophy.

PMID- 154366
TI  - Failure to identify a spermatogonial chalone in adult irradiated testes.

PMID- 154365
TI  - Radiologic diagnosis of different types of pulmonary stenoses.
AB  - Right ventricular outflow obstructive lesions are among the most prevalent
      congenital cardiac anomalies with a frequency ranging from 6--10% when considered
      as isolated anomalies. As part of a more complicated developmental complex, their
      frequency is undoubtedly higher. The diagnosis can be suspected by the
      traditional clinical and hemodynamic findings, but a firm diagnosis can only be
      made by angiography. An exact diagnosis is most important since most of these
      lesions can be surgically corrected.

PMID- 154368
TI  - Characterization of circulating immune complexes in bronchiectasis by gel
      filtration.

PMID- 154367
TI  - Determinants of ventricular function in pressure-overload hypertrophy in man.

PMID- 154369
TI  - Middle ear and eustachian tube lining in chronic otitis media.
AB  - By means of histological observations we have tried to find morphological data on
      which to classify non-suppurative and suppurative chronic otitis media. There was
      also evidence of pathophysiological features which may have direct influence upon
      the development and behaviour of chronic inflammations of the tympanic cleft,
      such as disorders of ventilation and reaction of the mucoperiosteal layer. Local
      defence mechanisms, the species and virulence of infection also play an important
      role. It appears that the Eustachian tube is a very effective mechanical and
      immunological barrier against ascending infection which may perhaps be assisted
      by antibiotic treatment. Certainly non-suppurative chronic otitis media is more
      frequent now than in pre-antibiotic days.

PMID- 154370
TI  - Initial studies on the properties of a bovine lymphoid cell culture line infected
      with Theileria parva.

PMID- 154371
TI  - The neuromuscular blocking action of spectinomycin on the mouse hemidiaphragm
      preparation.
AB  - 1. The mechanism of action of the muscle paralysing property of the antibiotic
      spectinomycin has been investigated on the isolated mouse phrenic nerve
      hemidiaphragm preparation. 2. Spectinomycin produced a neuromuscular blockade
      that was poorly reversed by neostigmine (3 mumol/l) but well reversed by both
      calcium (5 mmol/l) and 3,4-diaminopyridine (0.1 mmol/l). 3. Intracellular
      techniques were used to record endplate potentials and miniature endplate
      potentials from hemidiaphragms paralysed by spectinomycin. Miniature endplate
      potentials were reduced both in frequency and in amplitude. The quantal content
      of the endplate potential during spectinomycin paralysis calculated by the method
      of variance was 14, a value similar to that found in preparations paralysed by
      the prejunctionally active magnesium. 4. Thus spectinomycin possesses weak
      neuromuscular blocking activity by a predominant action on acetylcholine release.

PMID- 154372
TI  - A comparative trial of two oral cholecystographic contrast media--iocetamic acid
      (Cholebrin) and iopanoic acid (Telepaque).
AB  - A comparative trial was made between two oral cholecystographic agents, iocetamic
      acid (Cholebrin) and iopanoic acid (Telepaque), Fifty patients were given
      Cholebrin and another 50 were given Telepaque by random allocation. The
      cholecystographic qualities of the two contrast media showed no significant
      difference. It was noted that contrast medium within the bowel at the time of the
      investigation tended to be homogeneous rather than granular with Cholebrin, and
      the significance of this is discussed. Gastrointestinal side-effects were common
      with both contrast media, but there was a significantly lower incidence of
      diarrhoea with Cholebrin than with Telepaque. Various biochemical parameters of
      hepatic and renal function were measrued in 40 random patients and showed no
      clinically significant alteration following ingestion of the contrast media.

PMID- 154373
TI  - Contact allergy in 330 dermatological patients.
AB  - A total of 330 patients with eczematous lesions were tested with 27 topical
      substances. Among the 88 patients with leg ulcers, 85 (2%) were allergic to one
      or more substances present in one out of two cases of allergy to wool alcohol.
      Among the 242 patients suffering from eczematous dermatitis, the percentage of
      allergic reactions reached 54.6%. A great number of allergic reactions of cetyl
      alcohol (11.2%), chloramphenicol (10%) and sodium lauryl sulfate (6.4%) was
      observed. These allergens are not included in the European standard series
      adopted by the ICDRG. The findings are discussed and compared with data taken
      from the literature.

PMID- 154374
TI  - Therapeutics for pets as neglected causes of contact dermatitis in housewives.

PMID- 154375
TI  - Allergy to turpentine, lanolin and nickel in Strasbourg.

PMID- 154376
TI  - Dermatitis from retinoic acid.

PMID- 154377
TI  - Identification of the allergens of Arnica montana L.

PMID- 154378
TI  - Recurrent angioneurotic oedema and contact dermatitis due to penicillin.

PMID- 154379
TI  - Contact dermatitis to acetarsol.

PMID- 154380
TI  - New case of sensitization to nyloprint.

PMID- 154381
TI  - Contact urticaria, dermatitis and asthma from cockroaches (Periplaneta
      americana).

PMID- 154383
TI  - Contact dermatitis to orangewood in a manicurist.

PMID- 154382
TI  - Unusual contact dermatitis to a cobalt salt.

PMID- 154385
TI  - Allergic contact sensitization to the fungicide Maneb.
AB  - Three cases of contact dermatitis caused by Maneb, manganous-ethylene-bis
      (dithiocarbamate), are described. Maneb is used as an agricultural fungicide, and
      is also used in spraying solutions in horticulture and in flower shops. Patch
      testing with Maneb-related compounds revealed no regular pattern of cross
      sensitization.

PMID- 154384
TI  - Recently reported causes of contact dermatitis due to synthetic resins and
      hardeners.
AB  - This study is a survey of recent literature and my own observations concerning
      dermatological risks of processing and producing plastics. A plea for
      understanding and cooperation is directed to manufacturers, jurists, occupational
      physicians, safety engineers, toxicologists, allergologists, dermatologists,
      industrial and hobby workers, purchasers, consumers and other people involved in
      order to reach optimal knowledge about risks of processing, warnings and safety
      procedures.

PMID- 154386
TI  - Type I allergy from cows in veterinary surgeons.
AB  - Occupational contact dermatitis caused by obstetric work and/or contact with cows
      is common among veterinary surgeons. We examined serum from nine veterinary
      surgeons of whom seven gave a history of itching and flare of eczema after
      obstetric work and/or contact with cows. By means of crossed
      radioimmunoelectrophoresis the occurrence of specific IgE against cow hair and
      dander was demonstrated. The IgE did not differ qualitatively or quantitatively
      from IgE in serum from patients with allergic asthma from cows. Four veterinary
      surgeons with flare-up of eczema during obstetric aid to cows did not have
      assignable s-IgE against bovine amnion or allantoic fluids.

PMID- 154387
TI  - Reduction of chromate in cement by iron sulfate.
AB  - Cement dermatitis is connected with chromate sensitivity. It can therefore be
      expected that "elimination" of chromate in cement would decrease the number of
      cases of cement dermatitis. Iron sulfate added to cement reduces the chromate
      completely and the 3-valent chromium is precipitated. An amount of 0.35% (w/w)
      iron sulfate, FeSO4 . 7H2O, is enough to reduce 20 microgram Cr6+/g cement. There
      is no technical side effect to the concrete. The iron sulfate is preferably added
      to cement when there is an intimate contact with skin, e.g. at floor laying,
      repairs and hand-made casting.

PMID- 154388
TI  - Contact and microbial allergy in pompholyx.
AB  - Contact sensitivity to medicaments and other chemical allergens has been observed
      in about 30% of 364 patients with pompholyx. Pompholyx is a recurrent vesicular
      eruption which increases the incidence of contact sensitivity. The majority of
      patients tested by means of intradermal and cultural tests did not show any
      relevant finding on the microbial nature, allergic or not, of pompholyx.

PMID- 154389
TI  - Colophony in cutting oil and in soap water used as cutting fluid.

PMID- 154390
TI  - Occupational palmar psoriasis due to safety prescription container caps.

PMID- 154391
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis of hands due to industrial oils and fluids.

PMID- 154392
TI  - A dermatologist looks at industry.

PMID- 154393
TI  - The immunobiology of acne. A polyvalent proprionibacteria vaccine.

PMID- 154394
TI  - Cell-mediated reactions of lymphocytes in pleural fluid.

PMID- 154395
TI  - The electrocardiogram in asymmetric septal hypertropy.
AB  - Electrocardiograms and echocardiograms in 44 patients with asymmetric septal
      hypertrophy were reviewed. Patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy had
      incidences of left ventricular hypertrophy (33 percent; 16/44) and left atrial
      hypertrophy (25 percent; 11/44) by ECG that were less than in a group of patients
      with significant aortic stenosis (70 percent [31/44] and 64 percent [28/44],
      respectively). Left ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG was associated with a
      greater septal-posterior wall thickness ratio in asymmetric septal hypertrophy. A
      small Q wave in lead V4 or a ratio of the R-wave to the S-wave amplitude (R/S
      ratio) of greater than 0.20 in lead V1 was found in 14 of 44 patients with
      asymmetric septal hypertrophy but in no patients with aortic stenosis. The mean
      corrected Q-T interval (Q-Tc) of patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy was
      prolonged, and the mean Q-Tc of patients with aortic stenosis was normal. The
      distinctive findings of an R/S ratio of more than 0.2 in lead V1 and Q waves in
      lead V4 in asymmetric septal hypertrophy have clinical significance, and the
      prolonged Q-T interval may relate to sudden death.

PMID- 154396
TI  - Sutureless prosthesis for aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 154397
TI  - Comparative neuropsychological study of the changes in different programmed
      activities in subjects with frontal or retro-rolandic lesions or with
      Huntington's chorea.
AB  - Eaily performed tests for showing alterations in organization of programmed
      activities were given to 20 patients with frontal lesions, 23 with retro-rolandic
      lesions and 17 with Huntington's Chorea. Normal scores were determined in a group
      of 24 patients without any symptoms of cerebral pathology. The results showed
      that frontally lesioned patients and those with Huntington's Chorea have similar
      patterns of disorganization in reproduction of gestures, drawing and rhythmic
      sound sequences. The data seem to indicate that a major difficulty of these
      patients lies in faulty "recall" of the original model. Retrorolandic patients do
      not show this difference in response to the differents tests, but have problems
      in simultaneous organization of visual and auditory information. These results
      support the hypothesis of LURIA that the frontal lobes regulate programmed motor
      activity.

PMID- 154398
TI  - Biosynthesis of estrogens in pregnant and non-pregnant guinea pigs.
AB  - Guinea pig ovaries obtained from pregnant and non-pregnant animals, incubated in
      the presence of a NADPH-generating system, converted [3H]-dehydroepiandrosterone
      and [14C]testosterone to estradiol. Under the same conditions, no radioactive
      estrogen could be identified in adrenal and placental incubations. The rate of
      formation of estradiol from dehydroepiandrosterone was linear during the 30-min
      incubation. The initial rates of formation for estradiol were 415 X 10(-13) and
      10.4 X 10(-13) mol/min/g tissue for the ovaries from pregnant and non-pregnant
      guinea pigs, respectively. The formation of estrone was shown only in the
      pregnant animal, and the initial rate of formation was 36.0 X 10(-13) mol/min/g
      tissue. These in vitro studies suggest that the major site of estrogen formation
      in both pregnant and non-pregnant guinea pigs is the ovary.

PMID- 154399
TI  - Serotonin involvement in the inhibition of episodic luteinizing hormone release
      during electrical stimulation of the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus in
      ovariectomized rats.

PMID- 154400
TI  - Isolation and characterization of fragments of reduced and S-carbamidomethylated
      human growth hormone produced by plasmin digestion. I. Chemistry.
AB  - Reduced and S-carbamidomethylated human GH (RCAM-hGH) was digested with human
      plasmin, yielding a mixture of products. These were partially separated by
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, yielding three major fractions: Da and Db,
      which were equipotent with native hGH in the weight gain test; and Dc, which was
      about half as active as hGH. Each of these was further purified by gel
      filtration, yielding a number of subfractions which were characterized as
      follows: Da1 is a very stable noncovalent complex of residues 1--134 and 141--191
      of RCAM-hGH; Da2 represents residues 20--41; Db1 is very similar to Da1, but
      appears to have lost one or more amide groups; Db3 represents residues 95--134;
      Dc2 is a heterogenous fraction containing a further deamidated version of Da1 and
      Db1 plus a similar complex of residues 42--134 and 141--191, apparently with some
      carboxyterminal heterogeneity; Dc3, like Db3, represents residues 95--134. The
      biological activities of these fragments are discussed in the accompanying paper.
      Earlier work has shown that native hGH, upon digestion with plasmin, is cleaved
      primarily at residues 134 and 140. It is shown here that when RCAM-hGH is
      digested with plasmin, in about 87% of the molecules at least one cleavage takes
      place in addition to those at residues 134 and 140.

PMID- 154401
TI  - Isolation and characterization of fragments of reduced and S-carbamidomethylated
      human growth hormone produced by plasmin digestion. II. Biological and
      immunological activities.

PMID- 154403
TI  - Sex differences in the multiple-dose streptozotocin model of diabetes.
AB  - The hyperglycemic response to multiple low-dose SZ injections was measured in
      castrated and non-castrated male and female mice with or without testosterone
      treatment. On the 10th day of the experiment, control males had plasma glucose
      concentrations that were significantly higher than those of control females.
      Castration of males decreased the hyperglycemic response, while testosterone
      treatment restored it. The glucose concentrations in castrated females were
      significantly greater than control females, but not different from castrated
      males. Testosterone administration to castrated or non-castrated females
      increased the hyperglycemic response to that seen in control males and in
      testosterone-treated castrated males. Thus, castration negates the  sex
      difference in the hyperglycemic response to the multiple low-dose SZ injections.
      Testosterone enhances the hyperglycemic response in castrated or non-castrated
      females, and in castrated males.

PMID- 154402
TI  - Changes in somatostatin concentration in pancreas and other tissues of
      streptozotocin diabetic rats.
AB  - Changes in immunoreactive somatostatin were examined in islets, whole pancreas,
      stomach, and hypothalamus of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. There was no change in
      islet somatostatin content at 2 days after the administration of streptozotocin,
      but thereafter, somatostatin progressively increased in the diabetic animals by
      45% at 2 weeks, 230% at 6 weeks, and 500% by 6 months. By contrast, islet
      glucagon rose acutely and maintained a constant 2-fold elevation irrespective of
      the duration of the diabetes. Morphometric analysis of the somatostatin- and
      glucagon-producing cells in the islets revealed an apparent augmentation of both
      cell types. The concentration of somatostatin per total pancreas was also
      increased in the diabetic animals, suggesting that the islet increase was part of
      a true increase in pancreatic somatostatin. Pancreatic glucagon was unchanged
      despite the islet increase. The increase in pancreatic somatostatin was
      paralleled by an elevation in gastric somatostatin concentration, implying a
      common mechanism in response to streptozotocin for the somatostatin cells in
      these two sites. There was no change in hypothalamic somatostatin concentration.
      Islet somatostatin was also increased in alloxan-diabetic rats. suggesting that
      streptozotocin does not stimulate the D cells directly.

PMID- 154404
TI  - Molecular transformations in sarcoplasmic reticulum of fast-twitch muscle by
      electro-stimulation.
AB  - Chronic electro-stimulation of fast-twitch rabbit muscle with the frequency
      pattern received by a slow-twitch muscle induces a progressive transformation of
      the sarcoplasmic reticulum. After 2 days stimulation activities of Ca2+-dependent
      ATPase and of Ca2+ transport begin to decrease, and are paralleled by a
      progressive decrease in Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent phosphoprotein
      formation, reduced rate of dephosphorylation and a rearrangement of the
      electrophoretic polypeptide and phosphoprotein patterns. These findings suggest a
      transformation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to resemble that of a slow-twitch
      muscle. This transformation is paralleled by increase in time-to-peak of twitch
      contraction and half relaxation time and occurs before conversion of the myosin
      light chain pattern is observed. The parallel time course of changes in
      contractile properties of stimulated muscle and the molecular and functional
      properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum emphasizes the definitive role of the
      latter in determining the twitch characteristics of fast and slow twitch muscles.

PMID- 154405
TI  - The dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein of the mitochondrial ATPase complex
      from Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identification and
      isolation.
AB  - Incubation of mitochondria from Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      with the radioactive ATPase inhibitor [14C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide results in
      the irreversible and rather specific labelling of a low-molecular-weight
      polypeptide. This dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein is identical with the
      smallest subunit (Mr 8000) of the mitochondrial ATPase complex, and it occurs as
      oligomer, probably as hexamer, in the enzyme protein. The
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein is extracted from whole mitochondria
      with neutral chloroform/methanol both in the free and in the inhibitor-modified
      form. In Neurospora and yeast, this extraction is highly selective and the
      protein is obtained in homogeneous form when the mitochondria have been prewashed
      with certain organic solvents. The bound dicyclohexylcarbodiimide label is
      enriched in the purified protein up to 50-fold compared to whole mitochondria.
      Based on the amino acid analysis, the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein
      from Neurospora and yeast consists of at least 81 and 76 residues, respectively.
      The content of hydrophobic residues is extremely high. Histidine and tryptophan
      are absent. The N-terminal amino acid is tyrosine in Neurospora and
      formylmethionine in yeast.

PMID- 154406
TI  - Histochemical and ultrastructural findings in a case of centronuclear myopathy.
AB  - A case of centronuclear myopathy is presented. The presence of central nuclei in
      almost all fibres, the existence of type I fibres only, the histochemical pattern
      of a negative central zone with a perinuclear halo and a hyperactive rim with
      oxidative enzymes and the ultrastructural data are discussed in the light of the
      previous literature. The possible relationships with other myopathies are taken
      into consideration as well as the fact that central nuclei may be a non-specific
      change in several conditions. Consequently centronuclear myopathy could turn out
      to be a syndrome from which different entities can be isolated.

PMID- 154407
TI  - A case of persistent atrial standstill.
AB  - A case of persistent atrial standstill is described. The criteria for diagnosing
      atrial standstill are separated into two categories: the lack of electrical
      atrial activity and the lack of mechanical atrial activity. Echocardiography of
      the anterior mitral leaflet is to be used as one of the noninvasive methods for
      the diagnosis of the lack of mechanical atrial activity.

PMID- 154408
TI  - Some observations on responses evoked by pinna stimulation in efferent and
      afferent fibres innervating hind limb muscle spindles of the rat.

PMID- 154409
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: effects of antimony on immature and adult worms.

PMID- 154410
TI  - Ultrastructure of muscle spindles in C57BL/6J dy2J/dy2J dystrophic mice.
AB  - The sensory organs of skeletal muscles, the muscle spindles, were examined using
      electron microscopy in dy2J/dy2J dystrophic mice. Despite widespread damage to
      the extrafusal (skeletomotor) fibres the intrafusal (spindle) fibres appeared
      normal and seemed resistant to the aetiological factors for murine dystrophy.

PMID- 154411
TI  - Rheological properties of human blood plasma--a comparison of measurements with
      three different viscometers.
AB  - Human plasma viscosity was measured in capillary tube, cone-plate and Couette
      viscometers. The measurement of the viscosity at very low shear rates showed that
      plasma is a non-Newtonian fluid with a pseudoplastic rheological behaviour. The
      importance of this phenomenon for the microcirculation is discussed.

PMID- 154412
TI  - A simple technique for testing the in vitro response of rabbit lymphocytes to PHA
      and allogeneic cells.
AB  - Lymphocytes of rabbits can be separated from small quantities of heparinized
      whole blood using a simple density gradient of Ficoll-Ronpacon 1.09. This
      separation technique yields a pure suspension of viable cells allowing
      reproducible results from cultures stimulated either with PHA or allogeneic
      lymphocytes isolated by the same technique.

PMID- 154413
TI  - [Effect of beryllium salts on the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+,Mg2+
      dependent ATP-ase].
AB  - In the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions beryllium compounds inhibit the Ca2+, Mg2+
      dependent ATPase activity and the transport of Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmatic
      reticulum vesicles. The inhibition is reversible and concurrent with respect to
      the Mg2+ ions. In the absence of the Mg2+ ions an addition of beryllium compounds
      stimulates the ATPase activity, the dependence of the degree of its stimulation
      on the beryllium compounds concentration is characterized by a curve with a
      maximum. On the membranous Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent ATPase preparations beryllium
      compounds produce a stronger inhibiting effect than in the case of the purified
      enzyme, which is, apparently, due to their ability to influence the membranous
      structure. The hydrophobic spin probe method shows that beryllium compounds
      reduce the microviscosity of the lipid sections of the membrane.

PMID- 154414
TI  - [Tricyclic homologs of piperazine. III. Synthesis of 4-substituted hexahydro-1H
      2,6-methanopyrrolo[1,2a]pyrazines].
AB  - The Authors describe the synthesis of some quaternary salts of the hexahydro-1H
      2,6-methanopyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines mono or disubstituted at carbon-4. These were
      obtained directly by cyclization of the corresponding diazabicyclooctanes, by
      formation of a substituted ethylenic bridge between the two nitrogen atoms. The
      compounds were pharmacologically screened; the hypothesis of enhancement of
      curare-like activity in comparison with the unsubstituted derivatives was not
      confirmed.

PMID- 154415
TI  - Protein--lipid interactions. A study of (Ca2+-Mg2+)ATPase reconstituted with
      synthetic phospholipids.

PMID- 154416
TI  - Potassium transport in Escherichia coli. Evidence for a K+-transport adenosine-5'
      triphosphatase.

PMID- 154417
TI  - Developmental changes in chicken skeletal myosin isoenzymes.

PMID- 154418
TI  - Modification of one lysine by pyridoxal phosphate completely inactivates
      chloroplast coupling factor 1 ATPase.

PMID- 154419
TI  - Topical difference of myosin B. extracted from smooth muscle of the rabbit
      stomach, in ATPase activity and rate of superprecipitation.

PMID- 154420
TI  - Ligand-induced changes in the accessibility of sulphydryl groups of Neurospora
      crassa pyruvate kinase.

PMID- 154421
TI  - Variation in adenosine triphosphatase activities in serial preparations of human
      erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 154422
TI  - Instability of mammalian liver nuclear-envelope nucleoside triphosphatase
      [proceedings].

PMID- 154423
TI  - Isolation of Neurospora crassa-bovine L-glutamate dehydrogenase hybrids
      [proceedings].

PMID- 154424
TI  - Organization of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene cluster of Neurospora crassa
      by means of restriction endonucleases and cloning in bacteriophage lambda
      [proceedings].

PMID- 154425
TI  - Evidence for myosin associated with bovine photoreceptor cell outer segments
      [proceedings].

PMID- 154426
TI  - Oxamethacin: a pilot field survey.
AB  - Two hundred sixty-four general practice patients were treated with oxamethacin
      (100 mg b.i.d.) and 261 with indomethacin (50 mg b.i.d.) for a maximum period of
      two weeks. Both drugs showed equally good analgesic and anti-inflammatory
      effects. Thirty-six patients (14%) treated with oxamethacin and sixty patients
      (23%) treated with indomethacin reported side-effects. Among them, seventeen
      patients on oxamethacin (6%) and forty-tree patients on indomethacin (16.5%)
      reported gastro-intestinal disorders. Side-effects necessitated interruption of
      treatment in fourteen patients (5%) on oxamethacin and in thirty-three patients
      (13%) on indomethacin.

PMID- 154427
TI  - Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on insulin binding, glucose transport,
      and intracellular glucose metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes.

PMID- 154428
TI  - [Regeneration of the Fallopian tubes following sterilization (author's transl)].
AB  - After any trauma to the fallopian tubes by a sterilizing operation, pregnancy
      occurs. If the sterilizing procedure was by high frequency current coagulation,
      large areas of the fallopian tube must be destroyed down into the mesosalpinx in
      order to avoid the preprogrammed recanalization tendency of the muellerian duct.
      Fertilization has occurred in recanalized fallopian tubes which only showed a
      cubic epithelium. Extensive destruction of the fallopian tube is today not
      justifiable because of the possibility of interference with the ovarian blood
      supply and subsequent hormonal damage. At present the safest method of female
      sterilization is by tissue coagulation of segment of the fallopian tube at 100
      centigrade and division of the coagulated portion. In 1000 cases there were no
      pregnancies.

PMID- 154429
TI  - [Medical genetic study of the population of Uzbekistan. V. The frequency of
      heterozygous beta-thalassemia in 4 kishlaks of Urgut District, Samarkand
      Province].
AB  - A subject of this investigation is the results of the subtotal examination of 4
      villages for the detection of heterozygous beta-thalassemic carriers. 848 persons
      (55.5% of the registered population) have been examined. The mean frequency of
      the beta-Th gene was 0.0159, FST-Wahlund--0.00975. Statistically significant
      differences in the gene frequencies between villages have been revealed (p less
      than 0.01). The study of genetic distances (by Edwards) has revealed no
      intertribe differences in gene frequencies. The comparison of findings of the
      present study with other similar investigations enabled to account for the
      detected differences in the frequencies of beta-thalassemia as a result of the
      genetic drift. The importance of choosing populations for the study and methods
      for detection heterozygous beta-thalassemia are discussed.

PMID- 154431
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the fire disposal of the wastes from dichloroethane and
      vinyl chloride manufactures].

PMID- 154430
TI  - Transcription and translation in E. coli of hybrid plasmids containing the
      catabolic dehydroquinase gene from Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Two hybrid plasmids which carry the gene for Neurospora crassa catabolic
      dehydroquinase (C-DHQase) and complement an aroD6 (dehydroquinase-deficient)
      auxotroph of Escherichia coli have been analyzed. One of these contains a 2.9
      kilobase (kb) fragment cloned in the HindIII site of plasmid pBR322 (pVK57) and
      the other contains a 6.8 kb fragment cloned in the PstI site (pVK88). Restriction
      enzyme mapping of these plasmids has demonstrated that the 2.9 kb fragment is
      totally contained within the 6.8 kb fragment. When the polarity of either the
      HindIII fragment or PstI fragment was reversed with respect to pBR322 no effect
      was observed on either the ability of the hybrid to complement an aroD- auxotroph
      or on the level of C-DHQase activity. In vivo transcription of plasmid pVK88 in
      both orientations was analyzed by RNA-DNA hybridization and by the techniques
      developed by Southern (1975). Approx. 40% of the plasmid-directed transcription
      occurred from the cloned PstI fragment and 60--70% of these N. crassa transcripts
      were encoded by the 2.9 kb HindIII fragment. The Southern technique allowed a
      further localization of the region of most extensive transcription to a 1.8 kb
      HindIII-EcoRI fragment. Biochemical analysis revealed that the C-DHQase protein
      produced by strains harboring pVK57 and pVK88 in either orientation was identical
      to the N. crassa enzyme. Furthermore, when these plasmids were segregated into
      minicells and labeled with 14C amino acids, the C-DHQase protein was synthesized
      at a level comparable to other plasmid-encoded proteins. Taken together, these
      experiments demonstrate that transcription is efficiently initiated in E. coli
      from a site on the cloned N. crassa DNA and that the resulting C-DHQase mRNA is
      efficiently and accurately translated.

PMID- 154432
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of the design, construction and operation of group agricultural
      water supply systems].

PMID- 154433
TI  - [Effect of a complex of (climatic and occupational) factors on the
      immunobiological reactivity of adolescent machinery operators].

PMID- 154434
TI  - [Anthropometric characteristics of types of a child's constitution].

PMID- 154435
TI  - [Leningrad city branch of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Hygienists and
      Health Officers in 1976-1977].

PMID- 154436
TI  - [Work of the Tatar branch of the Scientific Society of Hygienists and Health
      Officers].

PMID- 154437
TI  - [Preparations, indications and findings of laparoscopy in sterility in 2 groups
      of patients].

PMID- 154439
TI  - A hypothesis on the regulation mechanisms governing the biosynthesis of alkaloids
      in Claviceps.

PMID- 154438
TI  - [Effects of a new psychotropic agent, CS-430, on the central nervous system of
      experimental animals (author's transl)].
AB  - In rats and rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes CS-430(10-bromo-2, 3,
      7, 11b-tetrahydro--11b-(2-fluorophenyl)-oxazolo(3, 2d) [1, 4]benzodiazepine-6(5H)
      one) (3 mg/kg, .o.) decreased the slightly awake period and increased the slow
      wave sleep period. The onset time of sleep was significantly shortened. In the
      rat pre-treated with p-chlorophenylalaine (500 mg/kg, p.o.), the awake period was
      remarkable increased and the slow wave sleep period was considerably decreased at
      48 hours after the pre-treatment. In these rats CS-430 given in the same dose
      decreased significantly the awake peiod and the onset time of sleep and increased
      the slow wave sleep period. CS-430 raised the threshold of the arousal response
      with stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus, but not of the mesencephalic
      reticular formation. These effects of CS-430 were almost as potent as those of
      nitrazepam (NZP). CS-430 reduced duration of after-discharges following
      stimulation of the hippocampus, depressed the decerebrate rigidity and inhibited
      activity of lumbar gamma-motoneurons in anesthetized cats. CS-430 (10 mg/kg,
      p.o.) inhibited the evoked responses recorded from the proreus gyrus following
      stimulation of either the baso-magnocellularis of the amygdaloid nuclear or the
      ventral hippocampus, although such did not inhibit the responses between the
      olfactory bulb and the pyriform cortex, the thalamus and the sensory-motor
      cortex. Thus CS-430 has a sleep-inducing effect in animals of almost the same
      potency as is seen with NZP, and site(s) of the action in the limbic system
      appear to be specific.

PMID- 154440
TI  - [In memoriam Professor Erich Zdansky].

PMID- 154441
TI  - [The basis of quantitative pulmonary computer tomography (author's transl)].

PMID- 154442
TI  - [Roentgenological differention of intrapulmonary findings in patients with
      hodgkin's disease (author's transl)].
AB  - The spectrum of intrapulmonary findings of Hodgkin's disease is illustrated by 75
      pulmonary episodes of 22 patients with Hodgkin's disease (duration of illness up
      to 14 years). Both the typical and frequent, as well as the rare pulmonary
      manifestations are discussed. We analysed the time correlation between pulmonary
      changes and clinical manifestations, and the effect of therapy. This
      retrospective investigation showed that more than 55% of the observed 75
      pulmonary episodes have been diagnosed correctly by the initial radiological
      examination. By simultaneous appearance of different forms of disease
      propagation, sideeffect of therapy and superimposed diseases, diagnosis may be
      impaired.

PMID- 154443
TI  - [Roentgenological aspects of the cyst lung in newborn (author's transl)].
AB  - The article reports on the angiographic identification of a cyst lung in a
      newborn with special consideration of the differential diagnostic differentiation
      from lung sequestration which appears similar in the full size radiograph. The
      article also discusses further differential diagnoses, complications and
      treatment possibilities of cyst lungs.

PMID- 154444
TI  - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of aortic aneurysms (author's transl)].
AB  - The paper describes the diagnosis of ten thoracic, 20 abdominal and three
      peripheral arterial aneurysms by computer tomography. This permits a definite
      diagnosis by a non-invasive method, it defines the extent of the aneurysm and the
      amount of thrombus in the aneurysm; it permits recognition of a leak and is
      painless and without risk and can be performed rapidly. Morever, computer
      tomography provides an accurate control of growth of the aneurysm. In some cases
      a dissection can be recognised. The use of adequate quantities of intravenous
      contrast medium prevents any possibility of an incorrect diagnosis. The extent
      and density of the aneurysms, their lumina, clot and wall thickness, as
      determined by computer tomography are described. The values are compared with the
      aortic diameters of patients with normal vessels. The advantages of the method,
      compared with other procedures, are discussed and its role in the diagnosis of
      aortic and peripheral arterial aneurysms is described.

PMID- 154445
TI  - [Early and late results of 131I treatment of benign goitres in an endemic area in
      southern bavaria (author's transl)].
AB  - Following the application of 10 000 to 15 000 rd, to 471 patients with benign
      goitres, mechanical symptoms were relieved in 72 to 82% during a course of six
      follow-up examinations; the circumference of the neck was reduced by 1.2 to 1.6
      cm., the scintigraphic area by 9 to 31% and maximal 131I uptake was reduced by 18
      to 31%. Follow-up examinations at 6.4 and 5.5 years in 155 patients showed the
      best regression of neck circumference (2.2 to 2.6 cm.) and of the area of the
      scintigram (28 to 31%). 50% of the patients had had recurrences from previous
      goitre removals and 1 to 3% developed post-therapeutic hypothyroidism. There was
      no significant change in the level of the peripheral thyroid hormones following
      treatment, but 10 to 20% were within the hypothyroid range for the area of iodine
      deficiency.

PMID- 154446
TI  - [Computer tomographic differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases with special
      reference to scintigraphic cold spots (author's transl)].
AB  - A high proportion of carcinomas of the thyroid produce scintigraphic cold spots,
      this finding therefore requires further investigation in order to prevent
      unnecessary thyroidectomies. In order to clarify the value of computer tomography
      in thyroid disease, 70 patients with scintigraphic cold spots, or equivocal
      thyroid scans, were submitted to computer tomography of the neck. The findings in
      the majority of these cases have been correlated with histological results.

PMID- 154447
TI  - [The diagnosis of liver metastases. A comparison of sonography, scintigraphy and
      biochemical findings (author's transl)].
AB  - The value of biochemical methods, scintigraphy and sonography in the diagnosis of
      liver metastases was compared in 150 patients. Of the laboratory methods, gamma
      GT proved the most suitable screening method. A negative scan was of considerable
      value in excluding liver metastases. Positive findings are not always definite
      and require confirmation. Ultrasound, because of its high accuracy, is the most
      valuable method for excluding or demonstrating liver metastases. Suggestions for
      diagnostic procedures are made as a result of these findings.

PMID- 154448
TI  - [Computer tomographic densitometry of human blood. The effect of absorption by
      parenchymatous organs and effusions (author's transl)].
AB  - In vitro measurements of human blood with varying haemoglobin and plasma
      concentrations have shown a linear relationship between haemoglobin
      concentrations and attenuation values. A change of haemoglobin content of 1 g/100
      ml. blood produced and equivalent density change of 1.5 HU. Attenuation of normal
      blood is between 55 to 75 HU, that of plasma about 33 HU. Transudates with a
      protein concentration of less than 5 g/100 ml. show an attenuation value of less
      than 26 HU. It is therefore possible to indicate the presence of effusions by
      computer tomography. The effect of the composition of the blood on the
      attenuation produced by parenchymatous organs is discussed. It is concluded that
      attenuation values of organs is not seriously affected by even severe
      haematological changes.

PMID- 154449
TI  - [Chronic occlusion of a renal artery with aneurysms in the para-aortic collateral
      circulation and multiple aneurysms in both kidneys (author's transl)].
AB  - Chronic occlusion of the main renal artery may be followed by the development of
      a collateral circulation through ureteric and para-aortic arteries, and through
      lumbar and suprarenal arteries. A patient with occlusion of the left main renal
      artery is described, who developed a collateral circulation between the common
      iliac artery and the distal portion of the renal artery. The para-aortic
      collateral vessel developed one large and several small aneurysms, and there were
      aneurysms in both kidneys.

PMID- 154450
TI  - [Vascular embolisation in uncontrolled haemorrhages of the bladder caused by
      tumours and radiation (author's transl)].
AB  - Unilateral or bilateral embolisation of the internal iliac artery was effected in
      nine patients with incontrollable bleeding due to bladder tumour or invasion of a
      tumour into the bladder, or as a result of massive alterations of the urinary
      bladder caused by radiation exposure. A clearly superior haemostasis was achieved
      via bilateral embolisation (in 4 out of 5 patients) compared with unilateral
      embolisation (2 of 4 patients). Side effects were observed in two-thirds of the
      cases (elevated temperature, transient pareses and pain in the gluteal and leg
      regions).

PMID- 154451
TI  - [Evaluation of hepatic and renal function after visceral angiography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A prospective study was carried out in 25 patients following visceral angiography
      using, on average, 3.5 (2.3 to 4.3) ml/kg. of sodium methyl glucamine diatrizoate
      76%. No significant changes were found in the liver enzymes (SGTP, LDH and
      alkaline phosphatase). On the other hand, there was a significant but temporary
      rise of serum creatinine from 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg% to 1.2 +/- 0.3 mg% as well as
      transient proteinuria (7 cases) and microhaematuria (6 cases). With the usual
      contrast doses for visceral angiography, the kidney appears to be the critical
      organ. In order to reduce the risks of renal complications, contrast doses should
      be kept to below 4 ml/kg. if possible; angiography should be carried out only if
      the patient is well hydrated and the indications for angiography should be
      particularly stringent if there is previous renal damage.

PMID- 154452
TI  - [Investigations on pain reduction during peripheral angiography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - An attempt was made to reduce pain during femoral angiography by adding 1 mg. of
      Lidocaine/ml. contrast medium in the course of 95 examinations. In a further 87
      patients, Diazepam was injected intravenously before the injection of the
      contrast-Lidocaine mixture. Pain and the feeling of heat was compared with a
      control group who received contrast medium with 10% physiological saline. There
      was a highly significant reduction in pain sensation as a result of Lidocaine;
      pain was further reduced by additional Diazepam, which also reduced heat
      sensation, but resulted in a fall in blood pressure. High risk patients did not
      suffer any significant complications. Lidocaine is well suited for out patients,
      but Diazepam requires a longer period of observation. General anaesthesia has
      been used only if patients insisted on it or if there was known contrast
      reaction.

PMID- 154453
TI  - Lumbar erosive intervertebral osteochondrosis. Anatomico-radiological study of a
      case.
AB  - A radiological and anatomical case study of intervertebral osteochondrosis is
      presented. X-rays reveal its evolution from an isolated Schmorl's node to a more
      diffuse lumbar intervertebral osteochondrosis. Macroscopical and microscopical
      post-mortem examination shows various degrees of disc deterioration with
      cartilaginous plate flaw and localized or diffuse intravertebral disc herniation.
      A discussion on the origin of this cartilaginous plate weakness and on the
      respective significance of the X-ray and biopsy in the differential diagnosis
      between intervertebral osteochondrosis and infectious spondylitis follows.

PMID- 154454
TI  - [Apophyseolysis, evulsion fractures and osteochondropathy of the anterior
      inferior iliac spine (author's transl)].
AB  - Evulsion fractures of the anterior inferior iliac spine in adults usually are the
      result of sudden contraction of the rectus femoris muscle during sporting
      activities, particularly football. In children, before fusion of the apophysis,
      there may be an apophyseolysis. This may result in a chondropathy because of
      abnormal development of the frequently multiple ossification centres. In contrast
      to the relatively frequent evulsion fractures of the anterior superior iliac
      spine, such an event is very rare in the anterior inferior iliac spine. Three
      illustrative cases are described showing the typical combination of history,
      localisation, pain recurrence during exercise and x-ray changes, which usually
      consist of a curved osseous structure separate from the iliac bone. These
      findings permit a correct diagnosis.

PMID- 154455
TI  - [Smith-McCort syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - An 13-year-old mentally normal boy with short-trunked dwarfism is discribed as a
      case of the Smith-McCort syndrome (SMC-syndrome). His disease has been observed
      radiologically, clinically an histologically for many years. According to
      Spranger (23) this disorder differs from the Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen disease (DMC
      syndrome) by lacking oligophrenia. Beside a characteristic flattening of the
      vertebral bodies both syndromes show a lacelike appearance of the iliac crest
      (crest sign) as a significant radiological sign. Both syndromes appear to be
      inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

PMID- 154456
TI  - Spondylo-metaphyseal dysplasia (report of a case of common type and three cases
      of "new varities").
AB  - One sporadic case of the common type of spondylo-metaphyseal dysplasia and three
      cases of "new varieties" are reported. In the author's opinion spondylo
      metaphyseal dysplasias are much more common than generally recognised.
      Brachyolmie represents spondylo-metaphyseal dysplasia with mild-minimal
      metaphyseal changes.

PMID- 154457
TI  - [Algorithms in the radiological diagnosis of malignant disease (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Algorithms in the diagnosis of malignant disease have the aim to produce a
      diagnosis as quickly, as certainly and as simply as possible. The first phase
      consists of general non-invasive methods which should be as simple as possible.
      If the results are positive this should be followed immediately by percutaneous
      biopsy in order to produce cytological confirmation of the diagnosis as quickly
      as possible. If the original investigations were negative, those special methods
      of investigation should be used which are most likely to make a diagnosis. This
      is followed by investigations which throw light on the most appropriate form of
      treatment. This scheme has been illustrated by special algorithms for carcinoma
      of the bronchus, the pancreas and the breast.

PMID- 154458
TI  - [Success and apparent success resulting from early cancer diagnosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Cancer screening techniques are of great value in improving the results of
      treatment of various tumours. Unfortunately screening and early diagnosis of
      cancers does not improve the prognosis in every case. Early diagnosis may lead to
      an apparent success without affecting the final outcome of treatment. Early
      diagnosis may even be harmful to the patient if the diagnostic and therapeutic
      methods lead to dissemination of the tumour, as has been shown by a number of
      authors. Consequently cancer screening and early diagnosis should be confined to
      those selected tumours which are not affected adversely by diagnostic methods.

PMID- 154459
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus].

PMID- 154460
TI  - [Postpartum dissection of the aorta. Demonstration using ultrasound].

PMID- 154461
TI  - [Pyelonephritis and emphysematous cystoureteritis].

PMID- 154463
TI  - [Percutaneous transrenal ureteral occlusion using butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and
      transcatheter embolization of the contralateral kidney in inoperable vesico
      sacral fistula].

PMID- 154462
TI  - Angiographically diagnosed bleeding from a medullary sponge kidney. Case report.

PMID- 154465
TI  - [Late sequalae of ovarian torsion in the child].

PMID- 154464
TI  - [Post-traumatic spur formation between the transverse processes and the lumbar
      spine].

PMID- 154466
TI  - [Ten years experience with laparoscopy in the state women's clinic of Nurenberg].
AB  - During the period from 1968--1977 2400 laparoscopies were performed. Of these
      10.7% were for diagnostic purposes only, in 3.6% of the cases laparoscopy was
      combined with biopsie and in 85.7% with tubal sterilization. Deaths or serious
      bleedings did not occur, laparotomies were not necessary. Total insignificant
      complications amounted to 1.6% (1.3% small bleedings which did not necessitate an
      operation and in 0.3% clinical signs of peritonitis, these disappeared after 3 to
      15 days). In 0.7% laparoscopy was interrupted because of poor vision. Nine of
      2055 women became pregnant after sterilization (4.5 pregnancies/1000
      sterilizations). In 2 cases the ligamentum rotundum was coagulated, in 7 cases
      recanalization was histologically confirmed. Until Oct. 1975 coagulation was
      unipolar, afterwords bipolar. In 45.3% the patients had undergone an operation
      before, like Ceasarian section, gallbladder operation, appendectomy or umbilical
      hernia operation. Patients with longitudinal incision, with preceding peritonitis
      or ileus were excluded from laparoscopy. Laparoscopy was performed by all
      assistents during their last year of clinical instruction. Their first 30
      laparoscopies were done under control, every assistent performed about 100
      laparoscopies.

PMID- 154467
TI  - [Procedure for the acknowledgement of occupational skin diseases].
AB  - Following the amendment to the Occupational Diseases Order
      (Berufskrankheitenverordnung) with effect as of Jan. 1, 1977, the number of
      occupational skin diseases acknowledged is expected to increase. Knowledge of the
      pre-requisites in terms of insurance law regarding the acknowledgement of an
      occupational disease subject to payment of compensation places early detection
      and preventive measures in another light. The acknowledgement procedure and
      dermatological early-diagnosis procedure are explained in detail.

PMID- 154468
TI  - The decay of memory of cell-mediated cytotoxicity after primary sensitization in
      vivo against a tumor allograft.
AB  - The length of time mice were able to show a secondary cell-mediated response
      after a tumor allograft was investigated. C57B1/6 mice were inoculated ip with P
      815 mastocytoma cells and, at selected time intervals up to 12 months after
      immunization, spleen cells were placed in JLC in an attempt to generate secondary
      CTL activity. It was found, as measured by the 51Cr-release assay, that all mice
      tested had significant secondary CTL activity 3 months after allograft. The
      ability to generate a secondary response then decreased with considerable
      individual variation up to 6 months post-immunization. No significant difference
      in CTL activity was found between immunized and age-matched control mice 12
      months after tumor allograft.

PMID- 154469
TI  - The cells involved in cell-mediated and transplantation immunity in the normal
      outbred rabbit. X. The organ sources of the stimulator and responder cells in the
      mixed leukocyte culture reaction.
AB  - This investigation is concerned with the elucidation of the organ distribution of
      stimulator and responder cells in the one-way MLR (mixed leukocyte reaction). The
      organs investigated were the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, appendix,
      sacculus rotundus, Peyer's patches and the circulation. Mitomycin-C treated bone
      marrow cells and WBC were used as stimulator cells to investigate, in a
      systematic fashion, the blastogenic responses of the responder cells of the
      allogeneic lymphoid organs. Responses occurred optimally on day 5 of culture and
      were dependent upon responder cell concentration. Peyer's patches and mesenteric
      lymph node cells responded to a greater extent than the cell of any of the other
      lymphoid organs. Rabbit WBC responded consistently in the one-way MLR, in
      contrast to the findings of other investigators. Cells of the thymus and bone
      marrow cultured individually or in combination did not respond. The cells of the
      different lymphoid organs were investigated as to their stimulator cell activity.
      Responder WBC or spleen cells were cultured with the mitomycin-C treated
      stimulator cells. On a per cell basis, the cells of the Peyer's patches, spleen
      and mesenteric lymph nodes were the most potent stimulator cells. There was no
      correlation between stimulating capacity and the percentage of stimulator cells
      bearing surface immunoglobulins. Thus, the stimulating capacity of these cells in
      the one-way MLR is not a reflection of, or dependent upon, surface
      immunoglobulins. A consistent finding was an MLR-like response of spleen cells
      and WBC cultured with autologous mitomycin-C treated Peyer's patches, sacculus
      rotundus or appendix cells.

PMID- 154470
TI  - The cells involved in cell-mediated and transplantation immunity in the normal
      outbred rabbit. XI. The accelerated response in the one-way MLR of rabbit WBC
      from skin allograft recipients.
AB  - The relationship between allograft rejection and the response in the one-way
      mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) of the WBC of allograft recipients was
      investigated. The responses of the WBC were assessed prior to skin allografting
      and subsequent to rejection of the allograft. The optimal MLR response of the WBC
      from the allografted rabbit stimulated with cells from the allograft donor
      occurred on days 3 to 4 of culture and by day 6 the MLR response was down to
      control levels. This accelerated response by the allograft-sensitized cells was
      specific to stimulator cells from the allograft donor as stimulator cells from a
      third party rabbit induced a normal MLR response by these cells, that is, an
      optimal response on days 5 to 7 of culture. No evidence of cytotoxic cells was
      obtained in cultures of cells from allograft-sensitized rabbits. The implications
      of these results are discussed.

PMID- 154471
TI  - Role of granulocytes in immune complex-induced tissue injuries.
AB  - Tissue injury of many types may be caused by deposited complexes of antigen and
      antibody. The circumstances under which the complexes form and deposit often
      determine the location and type of injury observed: If the complex forms in the
      circulation, deposition may occur in arterial walls and glomeruli, initiating
      lesions in those tissues. If the complex forms in the synovial tissues or spaces,
      then the reaction will develop at that point. Any local source of antigen will
      initiate these lesions once antibody is formed. If the source of antigen
      persists, antibody-forming cells soon establish themselves locally as they do in
      the active Arthus reaction, and injury will become chronic. When the antibody
      formed is capable of activating complement, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs,
      neutrophils) will accumulate, leading to release of injurious constituents. Such
      is the case in acute glomerulonephritis, arteritis, synovitis, and vasculitis.
      The ability of complement to attract the PMNs has been demonstrated as an in
      vitro phenomenon and as a clear possibility in vivo. The requirement of PMNs in
      the development of the lesions has been demonstrated. The process by which PMNs
      and other cells (platelets, mast cells, basophils, and macrophages) release
      injurious constituents is of great interest currently. The exocytosis of their
      cytoplasmic granules constitutes the major mechanism of release and involves a
      complicated series of events outlined in this review. The constituents of PMNs
      capable of injuring tissue in various ways is described, from peptides capable of
      increasing vascular permeability, to enzymes that indirectly bring more PMNs and
      other cells into the lesion, to proteolytic enzymes that hydrolyze vital
      structures in the tissues. These agents were most likely designed to rid the host
      of invaders; but at times they are unfortunately directed against the host's own
      tissues.

PMID- 154472
TI  - Stability of the resident microflora and the bacteriocinogeny of Streptococcus
      mutans as factors affecting its establishment in specific pathogen-free rats.
AB  - The outcome of the experimental implantation of Streptococcus mutans strains in
      humans and animals is unpredictable, and neither success nor failure can be
      explained. It seems logical to assume that, apart from dietary and host factors,
      the characteristics of the S. mutans strain involved and those of the resident
      plaque microflora are important in colonization. For example, previous work in
      this laboratory suggested that bacteriocin production accounts at least in part
      for the establishment of an invading bacterium in a microbial ecosystem. In the
      present study, a complex specific pathogen-free Ny plaque ecosystem was obtained
      by the inoculation of specific pathogen-free rats with Actinomyces viscosus Ny1
      and S. sanguis Ny101, and the establishment of S. mutans in such rats was then
      examined. It was found that bacteriocinogenic (bac(+)) strains generally
      colonized in much higher proportions than non-bacteriocinogenic (bac(-)) strains.
      Moreover, the longer the delay in introducing S. mutans, the poorer was its
      establishment. Shortly after inoculation of strains Ny1 and Ny101, there is
      probably a transient state in which microbial equilibrium has not been reached,
      but later the specific pathogen-free Ny system attains a stable climax community
      which more strongly resists invaders. The ability of a number of S. mutans
      strains to establish in such a climax community was then examined, and it was
      found that bac(+) strains generally established at a higher level than did bac(-)
      strains. In summary, it was concluded that, although the bac(+) state is an
      important property in the successful invasion of a plaque by S. mutans, the
      stability of the resident microflora is also an important factor.

PMID- 154473
TI  - Restoration of T-cell responsiveness by thymosin: expression of anti-tuberculous
      immunity in mouse lungs.
AB  - Specific pathogen-free, adult thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow
      reconstituted (THXB) B6D2 mice were infected aerogenically with 1 X 10(3) to 5 X
      10(3) live BCG Pasteur. Seven days later a group of the mice was placed on a 14
      day regimen of 20 mg of calf thymosin per kg per day, and the growth of the BCG
      in the lungs, spleen, inguinal lymph node, bone marrow, and blood was determined
      for up to 90 days. The thymosin treatment was followed by a decline in the BCG
      counts for the lungs and spleens of the THXB mice, whereas the saline-treated
      controls showed no such decline with time. The thymosin-treated mice did not
      develop progressive BCG infections in the test lymph nodes or in the bone marrow,
      both of which became positive in the THXB mice. Spleen cells were harvested from
      thymosin-treated THXB donors, filtered through nylon wool, and infused three
      times into BCG-infected THXB recipients. The lung BCG counts declined
      approximately 10-fold by day 90 compared with THXB mice which received THXB
      spleen cells. The transferred immune response was only slightly smaller
      numerically than that seen in THXB mice infused with BCG-immune lymphocytes from
      normal donors.

PMID- 154474
TI  - Translocation of certain indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to
      the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs in a gnotobiotic mouse model.
AB  - Viable bacteria were not cultured from the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleens, or
      livers of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Viable enteric bacteria, primarily
      indigenous Escherichia coli and lactobacilli, were present in the mesenteric
      lymph nodes of gnotobiotic mice inoculated intragastrically with the whole cecal
      microflora from SPF mice but not in the nodes of control SPF mice similarly
      inoculated. These indigenous E. coli also were cultured from the mesenteric lymph
      nodes of 96% of gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli but from none of the
      mesenteric lymph nodes of SPF mice inoculated with the E. coli. Furthermore,
      viable E. coli were detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes of these
      monoassociated gnotobiotes for as long as 112 days after inoculation. Indigenous
      Lactobacillus acidophilus also translocated to the mesenteric lymph nodes of
      gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with L. acidophilus. Apparently, there are
      mechanisms active in SPF mice inhibiting translocation of indigenous bacteria
      from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleens, and
      livers, whereas these mechanisms are either absent or reduced in gnotobiotic
      mice. Indigenous E. coli maintained higher population levels in the
      gastrointestinal tracts of the gnotobiotes compared with their population levels
      in SPF mice, suggesting that high bacterial population levels might promote
      translocation of certain bacteria from the gastrointestinal lumen to the
      mesenteric lymph nodes. Gnotobiotic and SPF mice, therefore, provide experimental
      models for determining the nature of the mechanisms operating to confine
      indigenous bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract in normal, healthy animals.

PMID- 154475
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus cell surface: capsule as a barrier to bacteriophage
      adsorption.
AB  - Encapsulated Staphylococcus aureus strains M and Smith diffuse bound phage 84 and
      52A much less efficiently than their unencapsulated counterparts, M variant and
      Smith compact. It is proposed that the capsule acts as a barrier excluding phage
      from interaction with their receptor (cell wall peptidoglycan and teichoic acid).
      Inefficient phage adsorption by encapsulated staphylococci may explain, in part,
      the poor phage typing of such strains.

PMID- 154476
TI  - Detection of immune complexes on the surface of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
AB  - A simple immunohistological test has been developed to detect and to quantitate
      the presence of immune complexes (IC) on the surface of human polymorphonuclear
      neutrophils (PMN). The interaction between IC and PMN has been evaluated in
      several human IC diseases. High amounts of immunoglobulins (Ig) and C3 were
      detected on the PMN surface from these patients. The deposits of Ig and C3 were
      inversely related to the percentage of membrane-free receptors for Fc and C3.

PMID- 154477
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in acute uveitis: a possible association with the
      histocompatibility complex locus antigen B27.
AB  - 39 patients with acute anterior uveitis were investigated for the presence of
      circulating immune complex (IC) and correlation with the major histocompatibility
      complex antigen B27 (HLA-B27). ICs were demonstrated by a number of techniques
      including rheumatoid factor, complement (C) activation, anticomplementary
      activity, cryoglobulins, inhibition of IgG-EA rosette formation and neutrophil
      chemotactic index (NCI) in plasma. ICs were most frequently detected in HLA-B27
      negative patients. These results indicate that deposition of circulating ICs may
      be involved in the pathogenesis of acute anterior uveitis, especially in HLA-B27
      negative patients.

PMID- 154478
TI  - Papillon-Lefevre syndrome.
AB  - Two cases of Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome (PLS) in a family are reported.
      Association of recurrent infections, arachnodactyly, intracranial calcification
      and phalangeal abnormality have been observed. Because there is no history of
      consanguinity, and autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance is suggested.

PMID- 154479
TI  - Topical clindamycin: a double-blind study comparing clindamycin phosphate with
      clindamycin hydrochloride.

PMID- 154480
TI  - Does adipose tissue cellularity or the age of onset of obesity influence the
      response to short-term inpatient treatment of obese women?
AB  - Thirty-three obese women were admitted as inpatients to a metabolic ward and had
      an average intake of 3.35 MJ (800 kcal) daily for three weeks. Fat biopsies were
      taken at three subcutaneous sites and average fat cell mass (CM) and apparent fat
      cell number (FCN) were calculated. There was no significant correlation between
      adipose tissue cellularity (CM or FCN) and total weight loss or resting metabolic
      rate, provided due allowances were made for the severity of obesity in each case.
      Neither was there any significant correlation between short-term weight loss and
      the age of onset of obesity. Resting metabolic rate, and not adipose tissue
      cellularity or age of onset of obesity, is a better indicator of short-term
      weight loss under controlled inpatient conditions.

PMID- 154481
TI  - Immunohistochemical identification of slow-tonic fibers in human extrinsic eye
      muscles.
AB  - A fluorescent antiserum against myosin from chicken anterior latissimus dorsi
      muscle, which stains specifically the multiply innervated slow fibers of birds
      and amphibians, was applied to frozen sections of human extraocular muscles. A
      proportion of fibers in oculorotatory muscles were labeled by the antiserum. In
      contrast, no labeled extrafusal fiber was present in the levator palpebrae or in
      other body muscles. Serial study of sections stained for acetylcholinesterase and
      myosin ATPase showed that the labeled fibers in human oculorotatory muscles are
      multiply innervated and display acid-stable myosin ATPase activity.

PMID- 154482
TI  - [Unusual, congenital universal polydysplasia].
AB  - The author reports a 40-year-old patient with clinical manifestations of
      universal polydysplasia, which cannot be linked to any of the 28 well defined
      forms of dysplasia including the keratosis syndromes.

PMID- 154483
TI  - [Phototoxic reactions to 8-methoxypsoralen as occupational dermatosis].
AB  - The case history of a 50-year-old assistant pharmacist, who had been working with
      8-methoxypsoralene (8-MOP) without any protection, is discussed. Shortly after
      this work, he was exposed to sunlight. Within 72 h he developed a typical local
      reaction with painful erythema and vesiculation on the back of both hands,
      followed by hyperpigmentation a week later. Light testing on skin dusted with 8
      MOP resulted in the same clinical picture. Histopathological examination of a
      lesion showed the characteristics of a phototoxic dermatitis. Guidelines for the
      prevention of complications in those who are professionally exposed to 8-MOP are
      emphasized.

PMID- 154484
TI  - [Differential diagnostic studies using the dermatoscope in selected diseases].
AB  - The Zeis dermatoscope can be used beyond its known applications for precise and
      detailed skin surface examinations of different types of dermatosis. Differential
      diagnostic problems are solved by comparative observation of efflorescence and
      efflorescence fields of similar appearance. The examination series presented, the
      results of which are discussed in detail, is concerned mainly with surface
      examinations of parapsoriasis en plaques, seborrhea en plaques and the clinically
      similar early forms of mycosis fungoides. Also mentioned are examinations of
      lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and circumscribed scleroderma, lichen planus,
      Hutchinson-Dubreuilh freckle and similarly appearing facial verruca seborrhoica,
      as well as fresh dispersions of foreign bodies. The didactic value is underlined
      by color photographs taken of diseased skin and nails with the dermatoscope at
      various magnifications. Finally, a description is given of possible instrument
      extensions.

PMID- 154485
TI  - [The explained and the unexplained in dermatological immunology].
AB  - By means of classical allergologic and modern immunologic test methods, as well
      as recent knowledge about antigens and antibody reactions, some dermatoses can be
      classified with good probability into the allergy types of Coombs and Gell. In
      other dermatoses much remains unclear. The problems are discussed with regard to
      several dermatoses and attempts are made to explain some skin alterations by the
      mentioned immunologic types of reaction.

PMID- 154486
TI  - [The persistence of chromate allergy in cement eczema].
AB  - 93 patients with contact allergy to chromates were followed up for 15 years
      during which time they were examined clinically and patch tested quantitatively
      at regular intervals. Results demonstrate that contact allergy to chromates and
      cement eczema differ from other occupational dermatoses mainly because of their
      persistence after a change of exposure and occupation. Explanations for this
      observation are offered.

PMID- 154487
TI  - [Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma in children].
AB  - Nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma is a rare manifestation of juvenile
      diabetes, in contrast to adult onset diabetes. To date only 20 cases have been
      published, the majority of them infants and toddlers. This type of diabetic coma
      is seen with unusual frequency in children with Down's syndrome and psychomotor
      retardation. The clinical picture is characterised by severe dehydration,
      hyperglycemia with often extremely high blood sugar levels, hyperosmolarity and
      glucosuria without ketonuria. Mortality in children has been high (24%). This
      paper reports the case of a 14-month-old girl with Down's syndrome. Clinical and
      therapeutic as well as pathogenetic aspects are discussed.

PMID- 154488
TI  - Decreased sister chromatid exchange in Down's syndrome after measles vaccination.

PMID- 154489
TI  - Satellite association in human metaphases. A comparative study of normal
      individuals, patients with Down syndrome and their parents.

PMID- 154490
TI  - The hazards of radiation in pregnancy.

PMID- 154491
TI  - Changes in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) functions of peripheral lymphoid cells
      after radiation therapy for breast carcinoma.

PMID- 154492
TI  - Effect of an inhaled atropinelike agent on normal airway function.
AB  - Ten normal subjects inhaled 80 microgram ipratropium or placebo. Body
      plethysmograph studies showed that ipratropium increased specific conductance
      (0.14-0.21 s-1.cmH2O-1) and increased flow rates during both maximal and partial
      forced expiratory maneuvers at all volumes from 50 to 10% vital capacity (P less
      than 0.01). Ipratropium produced no change in quasi-static or dynamic compliance,
      closing volume, or the slope of phase III of the closing volume trace, but there
      was an increase in the height of phase IV (P less than 0.01). Specific
      conductance reflects central airways caliber, whereas flow rates at low lung
      volumes in the absence of alteration in static recoil pressure may reflect the
      caliber of more peripheral airways. We conclude that inhibition of vagal tone
      results in dilatation of large and small airways. Analysis of the flow volume
      results on the equal pressure point model suggests that the bronchodilatation
      normally resulting from the inhalation to total lung capacity is not solely due
      to inhibition of vagal tone.

PMID- 154493
TI  - Effect of a mild exercise program on myocardial function and the development of
      hypertrophy.
AB  - Cardiac function and the development of myocardial hypertrophy were studied in
      rats conditioned by an exercise program consisting of 8 wk of running on a
      treadmill. At the end of the training period a group of exercised and sedentary
      rats was subjected to hemodynamic evaluation under general anesthesia. Except for
      a slight elevation in the heart rates of the exercised animals there were no
      significant differences between the exercised and sedentary rats at rest.
      Following an increase in afterload or a period of hypoxia, the cardiac index of
      the exercised animals remained significantly higher than that of the sedentary
      controls. These differences were related to changes in stroke volume. Another
      group of exercised and sedentary animals underwent either constriction of the
      ascending aorta or a sham operation. Sedentary rats developed significant
      hypertrophy at 3 days but had no hypertrophy at 1 day after aortic constriction.
      Exercised rats, however, developed significant myocardial hypertrophy by 1 day
      after pressure overload. These data suggest that the heart from an exercised
      animal is better able to tolerate increases in afterload and hypoxia and can
      respond with compensatory myocardial hypertrophy more rapidly than the heart of a
      sedentary animal.

PMID- 154494
TI  - Histochemical type I fibres in the soleus of the rat.
AB  - Based on oxidative enzyme activity levels, fibres exhibiting moderate and high
      levels may be identified in the soleus of the rat. Fibres showing moderate
      activity are classified as Type I fibres, while those showing high activity may
      belong to Type I or Type II. According to the level of ATPase activity in fixed
      sections, we can distinguish three types of fibres in the soleus of the rat (IA,
      IB and II) and, by application of acid pre-incubation, also sub-classes of Type
      II (IIA and IIC). Type IB fibres possess high oxidative and glycolytic enzyme
      activities, moderate ATPase activity after fixation, and behave in the same way
      as Type I fibres after alkaline and acid pre-incubation. For the histochemical
      classificationof fibre types, we should consider not only reactions to ATPase,
      and after acid pre-incubation, but also reactions to the enzymes of oxidative and
      glycolytic metabolism.

PMID- 154496
TI  - Medicine and the law. Medical staff liability for the acts of an incompetent
      physician.

PMID- 154495
TI  - Differences in the histochemical properties of skeletal muscles of different
      breeds of horses and dogs.
AB  - Histochemical profiles of individual muscle fibres were established using myosin
      adenosine triphosphatase (myosin ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDHase), and
      glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) reactions in three muscles (semitendinosus,
      diaphragm, and pectoralis transversus) of the horse and dog. The major
      histochemical difference between fibres lies in their myosin ATPase activity;
      fibres can be subdivided into those with a high and those with a low activity. In
      horse muscle, all fibres have a high activity of GPase. In the diaphragm and
      pectoralis transversus, all fibres have a high SDHase activity, but fibres with a
      low activity of SDHase are also present in samples of the semitendinosus. In dog
      muscle, all fibres have a high SDHase activity; myosin ATPase low-reacting fibres
      also have a low activity of GPase. There is a greater fractional area of myosin
      ATPase high-reacting fibres in the pectoralis transversus and semitendinosus of
      thoroughbred horses and greyhounds (breeds selected for high speed running) and
      in the diaphragm of greyhounds. In adults this feature does not appear to be due
      to training, as are the differences in aerobic and anaerobic capacity (shown in
      other studies). The preponderance of myosin Atpase high-reacting fibres suggests
      that there may be differences in the nervous systems of athletes and non
      athletes. It is concluded that the proportions of fibre types in muscles are
      related to the functions of muscles and of their parts. No sex differences or
      detraining effects were apparent, although the value for the proportion of fibre
      types (as differentiated by the myosin ATPase reaction) in the limb muscles of
      thoroughbred crosses lies between those of thoroughbreds and non-thoroughbreds.

PMID- 154497
TI  - Advances in tubal surgery.

PMID- 154498
TI  - Scintiangiographic demonstration of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula: relationship
      to Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. review article.

PMID- 154499
TI  - The lumbar disc.

PMID- 154500
TI  - Tanglefoot syndrome.

PMID- 154501
TI  - Management of fractured mandibles.

PMID- 154502
TI  - Radiocarbon cholesterol turnover in cholesterol thorax.

PMID- 154503
TI  - Third party determination of fees for service by Blue Shield.

PMID- 154504
TI  - Common peri-patellar inflammatory conditions.

PMID- 154505
TI  - Rewarding efforts of Arkansas physicians.

PMID- 154506
TI  - Receptors and cancer.

PMID- 154507
TI  - Some lessons from experimental diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 154508
TI  - Proton translocation in cytochrome-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Cytochrome-deficient cells of a strain of Escherichia coli lacking 5-amino
      levulinate synthetase have been used to study proton translocation associated
      with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase region of
      the electron transport chain. Menadione was used as electron acceptor, and
      mannitol was used as the substrate for the generation of intracellular NADH. The
      effects of iron deficiency on NADH- and D-lactate-menadione reductase activities
      were studied in iron-deficient cells of a mutant strain unable to synthesize the
      iron chelator enterochelin; both activities were reduced. The NADH- menadione
      reductase activity in cytochrome-deficient cells was associated with proton
      translocation and could be coupled to the uptake of proline. However proton
      translocation associated with the NADH-menadione reductase activity was prevented
      by a mutation in an unc gene. It was concluded that there is no proton
      translocation associated with the NADH-dehydrogenase region of the electron
      transport chain in E. coli and that the proton translocation obtained with
      mannitol as substrate is due to the activity of membrane-bound adenosine
      triphosphatase.

PMID- 154510
TI  - Selection of succinic dehydrogenase mutants of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - A method is described which permits the selection of mutants of Neurospora crassa
      that are deficient in succinic dehydrogenase activity. The method relies on the
      observation that succinic dehydrogenase-deficient strains fail to reduce the dye
      nitrotetrazolium blue when overlaid with the dye in the presence of succinate and
      phenazine methosulfate. Wild-type colonies reduced the dye and turned blue,
      whereas mutant colonies remained colorless. In this communication we present
      studies of a mutant, SDH-1, isolated by this method. The mutant had 18% of the
      succinic dehydrogenase activity of the parent strain used in the mutation
      experiments as determined from the ratio of Vmax activities obtained from
      Lineweaver-Burk plots. The SDH-1 mutant segregated in a Mendelian manner when
      back-crossed to its parent strain. Succinate oxidase activity in SDH-1 was low
      and was markedly inhibited by adenosine 5'-diphosphate. The succinate oxidase
      activity of the parent strain was high and was not affected by the presence of
      adenosine 5'-diphosphate.

PMID- 154509
TI  - A fifth gene (uncE) in the operon concerned with oxidative phosphorylation in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Three mutant unc alleles (unc-408, unc-410, and unc-429) affecting the coupling
      of electron transport to oxidative phosphorylation in Escherichia coli K-12 have
      been characterized. Genetic complementation analyses using previously defined
      mutant unc alleles indicated that the new mutant unc alleles affect a previously
      undescribed gene designated uncE. The phenotype of strains carrying the uncE408
      or uncE429 allele is similar in that Mg(2+)-adenosine triphosphatase activity is
      only found in the cytoplasmic fraction, and membranes do not bind the F(1)
      portion of adenosine triphosphatase purified from a normal strain. In contrast,
      adenosine triphosphatase activity is present both in the cytoplasm and on the
      membranes from a strain carrying the unc-410 allele, and normal F(1) binds to
      F(1)-depleted membranes from this strain. The adenosine triphosphatase
      solubilized from membranes of a strain carrying the unc-410 allele reconstituted
      ATP-dependent membrane energization in F(1)-depleted membranes from a normal
      strain. Genetic complementation tests using various Mu-induced unc alleles in
      partial diploid strains show that the uncE gene is in the unc operon and that the
      order of genes is uncB E A D C. The unc-410 allele differs from the uncE408 and
      uncE429 alleles in that complementation tests with the Mu-induced unc alleles
      indicate that more than one gene is affected. It is concluded that this is due to
      a deletion which includes part of the uncE gene and another gene, or genes,
      between the uncE and uncA genes.

PMID- 154511
TI  - Circadian rhythms in Neurospora crassa: effects of unsaturated fatty acids.
AB  - Employing a fatty acid-requiring strain (bd csp cel) of Neurospora crassa, the
      21.5-h period of the circadian spore-forming rhythm was manipulated by fatty acid
      supplementation. The addition to the medium of an unsaturated fatty acid (oleic,
      linoleic, or linolenic acid) lengthened the period to 26, 40, or 33 h,
      respectively. Ther period-lengthening effect of linoleic acid was proportional to
      its concentration up to 1.3 X 10(-4) M, and also was reversed by the addition to
      the medium of a saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid. None of these period
      lengthening effects was observed in the prototrophic strain (bd csp cel+).

PMID- 154512
TI  - Identification of myosin in a flowering plant, Egeria densa.
AB  - A myosin-like protein was extracted and partially purified from a flowering
      plant, Egeria densa. It had no p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity, but exhibited
      EDTA(K+)-ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] activity at high ionic strength. Its molecular
      weight as estimated by gel filtration was 4-5 X 10(5). The presence of a heavy
      chain (MW = about 1.8 X 10(5)) was indicated by SDS-gel electrophoresis. Egeria
      myosin aggregated in an environment of low ionic strength and formed bipolar
      filaments. It bound with skeletal muscle F-actin with a periodicity of 40 nm.

PMID- 154513
TI  - Chicken gizzard heavy meromyosin that retains the two light-chain components,
      including a phosphorylatable one.
AB  - A method was developed to obtain a preparation of chicken gizzard heavy
      meromyosin (HMM) that retains the two light-chain components of parent myosin:
      the 20,000-dalton and 17,000-dalton light-chains. The HMM preparation was also
      shown to retain two characteristics of the ATPase activity of the parent myosin:
      the characteristic effect of phosphorylation of the 20,000-dalton light-chain
      component on the ATPase activity, and the characteristic dependence of the ATPase
      activity on the KCl concentration. 1. Two distinct stages were observed in the Mg
      ATPase reaction catalyzed by gizzard HMM and rabbit skeletal actin in the
      presence of gizzard "native" tropomyosin (NTM) and Ca2+ ions: an early lag phase,
      in which the reaction rate gradually increased, and a subsequent steady state, in
      which the reaction proceeded at a high, constant rate. Urea-gel electrophoresis
      revealed that the 20,000-dalton light-chain component was gradually
      phosphorylated in the lag phase, and was fully phosphorylated in the steady
      state. It was also observed that addition of EGTA (to remove Ca2+ ions) at
      various times in the lag phase caused neither a further increase nor a decrease
      in the reaction rate, and that addition of EGTA in the steady state caused no
      change in the reaction rate. These observations imply that the ATPase activity
      increased as the amount of phosphorylated 20,000-dalton light-chain component
      increased, and also that Mg-ATPase of acto-phosphorylated HMM was no longer
      calcium-sensitive. 2. The Mg-ATPase activity of HMM in the presence of gizzard
      NTM and Ca2+ ions or EGTA was studied as a function of the concentration of
      rabbit skeletal actin. The maximal activity (Vmax) and the apparent affinity
      constant of acto-HMM (KA) were thus estimated from the double-reciprocal plot of
      Eisenberg-Moos: the Vmax and KA values for phosphorylated HMM (in the presence of
      Ca2+ ions) were 5 S(-1) and 5.5 mg/ml actin, respectively, and the Vmax value for
      unphosphorylated HMM (in the presence of EGTA) was 0.3 S(-1), assuming that the
      KA value with unphosphorylated HMM is equal to that with phosphorylated HMM.

PMID- 154515
TI  - Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase in isolated synaptic vesicles.
      Attribution of most of the enzymic activity to an actomyosin-like protein.

PMID- 154514
TI  - Myosin from abdominal flexor muscle in a crayfish, Procambarus clarki Girard.
AB  - 1. Crayfish (Procambarus clarki) myosin was obtained from abdominal flexor
      muscle. The Ca2+-ATPase activity of crayfish myosin was much lower than that of
      rabbit skeletal myosin. However, F-actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase of crayfish and
      its superprecipitation closely resembled those of rabbit skeletal myosin. This
      fact suggests that the ability of crayfish myosin to combine with F-actin is
      essentially the same as that of skeletal myosin, although the chemical structures
      of both the myosin  molecules when involved in their Ca2+-ATPast activity must be
      different from each other. 2. Crayfish and rabbit skeletal myosins were subjected
      to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Crayfish myosin was found to have one
      heavy chain and two distinct light chain components (CF-gl and CF-g2), which have
      molecular weights of 18,000 and 16,000, respectively. These light chains
      correspond in molecular weight to the light chains (SK-g2 and SK-g3) in rabbit
      skeletal myosin. 3. CF-g1 could be liberated from the crayfish myosin molecule
      reacting with 5,5'-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), (Nbs2), without recovery of
      ATPase activity by the addition of DTT. These properties are equivalent to those
      of SK-g2 in rabbit skeletal myosin, although Nbs2-treated crayfish myosin did not
      recover its ATPase activity at all.

PMID- 154516
TI  - Rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase. A model for regulatory kinetic behavior.

PMID- 154517
TI  - Affinity labeling of coupling factor-latent ATPase from Mycobacterium phlei with
      2',3'-dialdehyde derivatives of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and adenosine 5'
      diphosphate.

PMID- 154518
TI  - Optical probe responses on sarcoplasmic reticulum. Oxacarbocyanines.
AB  - Absorbance and fluorescence changes of oxacarbocyanine dyes during ATP-induced
      Ca2+ transport in rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum were analyzed. The response of
      the probes is complex and contains contributions from the binding of Ca2+ and ATP
      to the membrane. In a medium of 0.12 M KCl and 5 mM MgCl2, the fluorescence of Di
      O-C5(3) is decreased by Ca2+ or ATP with apparent dissociation constants of 0.2
      and 5 micron, respectively. This suggests that oxacarbocyanines respond to
      binding of Ca2+ and ATP at the active site of Ca2+ transport ATPase. The effect
      of ATP is observed in the absence of divalent cations. Further changes in the
      fluorescence or absorbance of cyanine dyes occur at millimolar concentrations of
      Ca2+ or during ATP-induced Ca2+ uptake, which can be related to Ca2+ binding to
      low affinity, relatively nonspecific binding sites on the membrane, that can also
      bind K+ and Mg2+. The optical changes due to Ca2+ accumulation are most
      pronounced in media of 0.25 M sucrose and much reduced in 0.12 M KCl and 5 mM
      MgCl2, in accord with competition by K+ and Mg2+ for the low affinity Ca2+
      binding sites. These effects must be taken into account in the evaluation of the
      magnitude and direction of membrane potential in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles
      during Ca2+ uptake and release.

PMID- 154519
TI  - A comparison of the urokinase and streptokinase activation properties of the
      native and lower molecular weight forms of sheep plasminogen.

PMID- 154520
TI  - Binding of tropomyosin to copolymers of Acanthamoeba actin and muscle actin.

PMID- 154521
TI  - Midline prolapse of a lumbar intervertebral disc with compression of the cauda
      equina.
AB  - Midline prolapse of a disc causing compression of the cauda equina is rare but
      needs urgent diagnosis and surgical treatment. The onset of bladder and rectal
      paralysis with saddle anaesthesia should be viewed with a high index of suspicion
      in a patient with backache and sciatica. Eight cases were seen over a period of
      five years, and they fell into three clinical groups. Group I patients presented
      with a sudden onset without any previous symptoms related to the back. Group II
      patients had a history of recurrent episodes of backache and sciatica, the latest
      episode resulting in involvement of the cauda equina. The group III patient was
      indistinguishable from one with a tumour as he presented with backache and
      sciatica slowly progressing to paralysis of the cauda equina. The prolapse was at
      the disc between L5 and S1 vertebrae in 50 per cent of the patients, most of whom
      did not have any limitation of straight leg raising. Urgent myelography and
      equally urgent removal of the disc within two weeks of the onset of the symptoms
      resulted in almost complete motor and bladder recovery within five months after
      the operation in most cases. However, recovery of sensation and sexual function
      was incomplete even four years after the operation.

PMID- 154522
TI  - Scheuermann's disease or spinal osteochondrosis: its frequency and relationship
      with spondylosis.
AB  - Spinal osteochondrosis, previously known as Scheuermann's disease and spinal
      osteochondritis, is common and is probably becoming increasingly prevalent. Its
      incidence in patients whose primary complaint was of backache was shown to be
      twice as great as that in the general population. There was also a significantly
      higher incidence of lower lumbar spondylosis in patients with previous
      osteochondrosis compared with those without. Osteochondrosis is thereby shown to
      be an important aetiological factor in spondylosis.

PMID- 154523
TI  - Structure, protein composition and birefringence of the costa: a motile flagellar
      root fibre in the flagellate Trichomonas.
AB  - The costa is a rod-shaped intracellular organelle lying in the cytoplasm
      immediately below the undulating membrane. In certain large species of
      Trichomonas (T. gigantea, T. termopsidis and an undescribed species from the
      termite Porotermes adamsoni) this organelle is motile. Bending waves are
      transmitted along the length of the costa, in either direction. It is shown that
      the bending is actively produced by the costa itself. The form of the movements
      is described in detail. The costa is birefringent. At the point at which bending
      occurs there is a sharply localized reduction in birefringence. Electron
      microscopy shows that the costa is composed of longitudinally running lamellae, 2
      -3 nm thick and spaced 12 nm apart. These are connected to transversely running
      elements spaced at intervals of about 37 nm. The lamellae occur in two
      alternative configurations: straight and zig-zag. Bending probably results from a
      local, transient change from the straight to the zig-zag configuration. This
      would account for the local change in birefringence which accompanies bending.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of isolated costas shows them to contain a
      number of protein components, of which the principal one has a molecular weight
      of about 90,000. Preliminary cytochemical evidence is presented for ATPase
      activity in the costa. The costa is a type of motile system distinct from any
      hitherto described.

PMID- 154524
TI  - On the reduced intercellular adhesiveness of virally transformed BHK21 cells.
AB  - Baby hamster kidney fibroblasts (BHK21 cells) transformed by polyoma or Rous
      sarcoma viruses aggregate less than the untransformed parental cells when
      incubated in growth medium in a gyratory shaker for 18-24 h. This difference can
      be measured by electronic particle counting, or by filtering aggregated
      suspensions of 32P-labelled cells through bolting fabric. The aggregation of
      transformed derivatives is not enhanced by the presence, during aggregation of
      epsilon-amino caproic acid, an inhibitor of plasmin activation. Some lines of
      transformed BHK21 cells do not appear less adhesive than untransformed cells in a
      short-term aggregation assay, and none adheres markedly less well when seeded
      onto homotypic cell sheets. The decreased aggregation of transformed cells is
      consistent with suggestions that LETS protein is involved in intercellular
      adhesion of fibroblasts as well as in attachment of cells to non-cellular
      substrates. If so, the short-term aggregation of freshly trypsinized cells may
      depend on secretion of LETS from an intracellular pool.

PMID- 154525
TI  - Interrelationships of circulating maternal steroid concentrations in third
      trimester pregnancies. II. C18 and C19 steroids: estradiol, estriol,
      dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, delta 5-androstenediol,
      delta 4-androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone.
AB  - This report describes aggregate time trend effects of advancing gestational age
      on circulating maternal concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3),
      dehydroepiandrosterone (D), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (D-S), delta 5
      androstenediol (delta 5 diol), delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4 A), testosterone
      (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in a sequential series of 155 blood samples
      obtained from 19 normal pregnant women ranging from 26-40 weeks gestational age.
      Only E2, E3, and D-S show aggregate time trend effects. Log (E2) plots as a
      linear positive sloping curve from 26-40 weeks. Log (E3) plots as a positive
      sloping curve that is significantly steeper than log (E2) (P less than 0.05). Log
      (D-S) plots into a negative sloping curve which mirrors the pattern for log (E2)
      but cannot be statistically associated with log (E2) except for the opposite sign
      of their slopes, which are both significantly different from a zero slope (P less
      than 0.05). delta 4 A, T, DHT, delta 5 diol, and D show no aggregate time trends;
      however wide, comoving undulations for delta 4 A, T, DHT, and delta 5 diol
      between 26-28 and 38-40 weeks are confirmed in time by comparison of log mean
      plots and in magnitude by regressing the C19 steroids on one another. D shows
      virtually no association with the other C19 steroids. All C19 steroids, except
      for T, circulate at nonpregnant concentrations, implying that there is little
      placental secretion of these steroids into the maternal circulation.

PMID- 154527
TI  - Transformation of seborrheic keratosis into Bowen's disease.
AB  - This case proves the possibility of a malignant transformation of seborrheic
      keratosis. This evidence is furnished by a biopsy specimen that shows not only a
      topical relationship between seborrheic keratosis and Bowen's disease, but also
      the progressive transition. An evident biopsy has to be made prior to clinical
      suspicion of malignant degeneration, that means prior to the destruction of the
      transitional zone by the tumor.

PMID- 154526
TI  - Inflammatory seborrheic keratoses with mononuclear cell infiltration.
AB  - Inflammation in inflammatory seborrheic keratoses was found to be composed of
      mononuclear cells, particularly lymphocytes. Accumulations of mononuclear cells
      in the papillary and subpapillary dermis frequently showed no tendency to
      infiltrate the epithelium. However, dramatic interaction of the seborrheic
      keratosis and the inflammatory process also was common. The lymphocytic
      exocytosis into the epithelium followed two basic patterns: eczematous,
      characterized by intercellular and intracellular edema, microvesicle formation,
      and epithelial necrosis; and lichenoid, in which a bandlike infiltrate attacked
      the dermoepidermal junction and hyaline bodies occurred in the infiltrated
      epithelium and in the dermis. Epithelial changes consisted of necrosis of
      epithelial cells and related parakeratosis; squamous eddies were occasionally
      found. Inflammatory cell infiltration in seborrheic keratoses possibly represents
      a process other than irritation, and we propose that mononuclear cell
      infiltration in seborrheic keratoses may be related to an involutionary process.

PMID- 154528
TI  - Ultrastructural identification of Langerhans cells in seborrheic keratoses.
AB  - Lesions of seborrheic keratoses studied by transmission electron microscopy
      showed an unusually large number of Langerhans cells in the epidermis. The role
      of Langerhans cells in the development of these lesions needs further study.

PMID- 154529
TI  - Seborrheic keratoses.

PMID- 154530
TI  - Validation of research.

PMID- 154531
TI  - Changing times.

PMID- 154532
TI  - Imagery, encoding, and retrieval of information from memory: some specific
      encoding--retrieval changes in Huntington's disease.

PMID- 154533
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the uterus and adnexae. A retrospective study that has lasted 20
      years (author's transl)].
AB  - The frequency of tuberculosis has considerably lessened and its localisation in
      the female genital organs has benefited by this happy result of immunisation by
      B.C.G. We have had 60 cases and carried out an analytical study on them and
      compared them with those of other authors. Great progress in therapy has allowed
      us to plan a coherent attitude by taking note of the normal way in which
      tuberculosis evolves and the correct measures for treating it in the uterus and
      adnexae.

PMID- 154535
TI  - Hospitals for the mentally ill and handicapped in Melbourne Australia.
AB  - This report of visits made while on a Churchill Traveling Fellowship briefly
      outlines some catering problems in caring for the mentally ill and handicapped.

PMID- 154536
TI  - Autoimmune interaction measured in a postlabelling microcytostasis assay.
AB  - A postlabelling microcytostasis assay was developed to assess primary immune
      interaction between normal rat lymphocytes and autologous testis cells. In this
      vitro model of experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) unprimed T cells respond to
      a Sertoli-like subpopulation of testis cells during a 4 day culture period. The T
      effector cells exert a cytostatic effect on the monolayer-forming target cells.
      The number of remaining target cells, which inversely correlates with the
      intensity of the autoimmune reaction, is quantified by 51Cr incorporation. The
      assay is performed in multiple well plastic plates which allow rapid harvesting
      by cutting off the bottoms of each well. The attached labelled target cells are
      directly measured on the bottoms without any further transfer step. The method is
      adapted for the EAO model but may be useful to study primary T cell interaction
      with any other monolayer-forming target cells.

PMID- 154537
TI  - An estimate of the minimal frequency of cytolytic T lymphocyte effector cells
      generated in allogeneic reactions.
AB  - A 'micro' modification of the standard 51Cr release assay was developed. With
      this assay, significant cytolysis was obtained employing 100--200 51Cr-labeled
      target cells and fewer than 100 lymphocytes obtained from mixed leukocyte
      cultures. A minimal estimate as to the actual frequency of effector cells was
      determined for both primary (1 cell in 30) and secondary (1 cells in 8) cytolytic
      T lymphocyte populations.

PMID- 154538
TI  - Cross-linking of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase protein.
AB  - The addition of cupric-1,10,-phenanthroline, a cross-linking catalyst, to
      sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes caused protein sulfhydryl groups to form
      disulfide bridges. Following a short exposure to the catalyst (15 s, 22 degrees
      C) most of the protein was in a dimeric form (Mr = 248,000). Longer exposure
      times resulted in the formation of trimers, tetramers and other oligomers too
      large to enter the gel. At low temperatures (4 degrees C) dimer formation
      predominates, even for exposure times as long as 5 min. Cross-linking in the
      presence of 7.5 mM Triton X-100 (a concentration that resulted in clearing of the
      membrane suspension and thus solubilization of the membrane components) showed
      the appearance of a considerable dimer fraction, however, most of the (Ca2+ +
      Mg2+)-ATPase protein appeared as a monomer. Following 1 min of cross-linking at
      22 degrees C, freeze-etched membranes showed no alteration in the number or
      appearance of 80 A intramembranous particles. Thus extensive cross-linking of the
      (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase protein can occur without disruption of the normal position
      of the intramembrane portion of the molecule.

PMID- 154540
TI  - Use of allograft amniotic membrane for control of intra-abdominal adhesions.
AB  - The authors have studied 60 rabbits to determine the effect and fate of allograft
      amniotic membranes (devoid of chorion) used in the intra-peritoneal cavity to
      control adhesions secondary to bowel perforation and bacterial contamination. The
      experimental animals revealed dramatic differences when compared to the control
      with major reduction in adhesions. Abscesses remained localized and contained. No
      untoward reactions were noted in the host. Violent immunologic rejection did not
      occur. The membranes gradually disintegrated and left little or no evidence of
      its presence. Important clinical applications are obvious.

PMID- 154539
TI  - HLA-antigens and contact hypersensitivity.
AB  - The HLA-A, -B -C typing of 100 bricklayers was performed. 50 bricklayers had
      developed contact allergy to chromium while 50 were healthy bricklayers. The
      distribution of HLA antigens were equal in the 2 groups.

PMID- 154541
TI  - Adenosine deaminase levels in construction workers with asbestos contact
      dermatitis.
AB  - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was measured in the lymphocytes, red blood
      cells and plasma of twelve construction workers with cutaneous hypersensitivity
      reactions to asbestos. Lymphocyte ADA activity was significantly greater in
      exposed individuals than a control population (p less than 0.0001), whereas
      erythrocyte and plasma enzyme activity did not differ from control
      determinations. ADA catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine. Since
      increased adenosine concentrations in tissue culture inhibit the growth of
      lymphoblastic cell lines, it has been postulated that decreased ADA activity can
      result in suppression of the immune response by the inhibition of cell division.
      Our results indicate that the converse also applies, such that an increase in
      lymphocyte ADA activity may reflect an increased immune response.

PMID- 154542
TI  - Flutter and fibrillation-like phenomenon of His bundle observed in a patient with
      persistent atrial standstill.
AB  - A diagnosis of persistent atrial standstill was made in a patient with syncopal
      attacks, based on: (1) the lack of P waves both in the routine 12-lead
      electrocardiogram (ECG) and in the right atrial cavity lead; (2) the absence of
      "a waves in the right atrial pressure curve; and (3) the failure of the atria to
      respond to electrical stimulation. Compared with previously reported cases of
      persistent atrial standstill with a slow, regular escape rhythm of
      supraventricular origin, the present case was characterized by alternate periods
      of bradycardia and tachycardia, the latter being suggested as AV junctional
      tachycardia with exit block. Furthermore, the His bundle electrogram (HBE) showed
      either regular, high frequency deflictions or irregular, deformed potentials,
      suggesting flutter and fibrillation-like phenomena in the His bundle.

PMID- 154543
TI  - Electrocardiographic poor R wave progression. I: correlation with the Frank
      vectorcardiogram.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with "poor R wave progression" (PRWP) on the electrocardiogram
      (ECG) were studied by Frank vectorcardiography in an attempt to define
      discriminators for subgroups. Criteria were prospectively applied to a test group
      with achievement of comparable sensitivity and specificity. Four subgroups were
      identified in the patients with PRWP: Group I - anterior myocardial infarction
      (AMI) (20/56, 35%); Group II - left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (8/56, 14%);
      Group III - right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) (7/56, 13%); AND Group IV -
      leftward axis (LA) (21/56, 38%). The best discriminator for vectorcardiogram
      (VCG) AMI was RV3 less than or equal to 1.5mm or R1 less than or equal to 4.0mm
      (18/20, 90% sensitivity; 26/36, 72% specificity). RVH and LVH were identified by
      R1 less than or equal to 4.0mm and S1 greater than or equal to 1.0mm and standard
      LVH voltage criteria respectively. Group IV patients (PRWP without VCG criteria
      for AMI, LVH or RVH) were identified by exclusion. "Reversed R wave progression"
      (RRWP) was more specific for AMI than was simple PRWP. The same discriminators,
      however, were applicable. It is clinically useful to note that 72% (26/36) of
      patients with either PRWP or RRWP who did not exhibit VCG AMI could be identified
      by 12 lead ECG with only 2/28 (7%) VCG false negative AMI.

PMID- 154544
TI  - Occurrence of an "extrafusal muscle fiber" in the spindle capsule of normal adult
      zebra-finches: an electron microscopical study.

PMID- 154545
TI  - Comparison of the genetic activity of 5-nitroimidazole derivatives in Escherichia
      coli, Neurospora crassa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - 5-nitroimidazoles, including metronidazole (compound 1) and 3 analogues
      (compounds 2, 3 and 4) of actual or potential chemotherapeutic use were assayed
      for genetic activity in test systems detecting forward and back mutations in
      Escherichia coli K-12/343/113, forward mutations in Neurospora crassa
      heterokaryon 12, mitotic gene conversion in the heteroallelic diploid yeast
      strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae D4 and sex-linked recessive lethals in Drosophila
      melanogaster. Whereas metronidazole exhibits moderate mutagenic activity in E.
      coli, two of the analogues, compounds 2 and 3 are strongly mutagenic even at
      concentrations that do not inactive the colony forming ability of the cells. The
      analogue compound 4 does not show any effect toward E. coli under the present
      experimental conditions. Similar results were obtained with N. crassa, with S.
      cerevisiae and with Drosophila in which compound 2 exhibits the highest effect,
      while compound 4 is non-mutagenic in all assays. These biological effects have
      been partly explained on the basis of differences in the chemical structure of
      the compounds.

PMID- 154546
TI  - Validity of psychotraumatic reactions.
AB  - To determine whether posttraumatic reactions occurred in injured individuals not
      confronted with litigation or compensation (as reckoned in the U.S.), a parallel
      study was undertaken in a social-democratic country (Austria) between ski- and
      work-injured groups. Although each group had a significantly different way of
      regarding the injury, there appeared to be a comparable incidence of
      posttraumatic psychiatric reaction in each. The absence of compensation (in
      contrast to disability maintenance) did not inhibit the appearance of the
      posttraumatic reaction. A discussion of the effects of compensation and
      litigation pointed out the separate nature of the problems associated with these
      two aspects of dealing with injury, with those problems being imposed upon, but
      not causative of, the posttraumatic psychiatric reaction.

PMID- 154547
TI  - [Current status of pathogenic hypotheses on Meniere's disease].

PMID- 154548
TI  - [Surgical treatment of residual deafness after stapedectomy].

PMID- 154549
TI  - [Subglottic pathology of the newborn].

PMID- 154550
TI  - [2 cases of midfacial malignant granuloma].

PMID- 154551
TI  - [Study of blood thyroid hormones in 98 deaf children].

PMID- 154552
TI  - [Recurrent parotitis in childhood].

PMID- 154553
TI  - [Objective tinnitus].

PMID- 154554
TI  - [Rare tumors of the vocal cord. Apropos of 2 cases: a pleomorphic adenoma and a
      neurinoma].

PMID- 154555
TI  - [Trial of tixocortol pivalate (Pivalone) in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 154556
TI  - [Rhinolalea and adenoidectomy].

PMID- 154557
TI  - Activity patterns in individual hindlimb primary and secondary muscle spindle
      afferents during normal movements in unrestrained cats.
AB  - 1. Chronically implanted microelectrode wires in the L7 and S1 dorsal root
      ganglia were used to record unit activity from cat hindlimb primary and secondary
      muscle spindle afferents. Units could be reliably recorded for several days,
      permitting comparison of their activity with homonymous muscle EMG and length
      during a variety of normal, unrestrained movements. 2. The general observation
      was that among both primary and secondary endings there was a broad range of
      different patterns of activity depending on the type of muscle involved and the
      type of movement performed. 3. During walking, the activity of a given spindle
      primary was usually consistent among similar step cycles. However, the activity
      was usually poorly correlated with absolute muscle length, apparently unrealted
      to velocity of muscle stretch, and could change markedly for similar movements
      performed under different conditions. 4. Spindle activity modulation not
      apparently related to muscle length changes was assumed to be influenced by
      fusimotor activity. In certain muscles, this presumption leads to the conclusion
      that gamma-motoneurons may be activated out of phase with homonymous alpha
      motoneurons as well as by more conventional alpha-gamma-motoneuron coactivation.
      5. Simultaneous recordings of two spindle primary afferents from extensor
      digitorum longus indicated that spindles within the same muscle may differ
      considerably with respect to this presumed gamma-motoneuron drive. 6. Spindle
      secondary endings appeared to be predominantly passive indicators of muscle
      length during walking, but could demonstrate apparently strong fusimotor
      modulation during other motor activities such as postural changes and paw
      shaking. 7. Both primary and secondary endings were observed to undergo very
      rapid modulation of firing rates in response to presumed reflexly induced
      intrafusal contractions. 8. It is suggested that the pattern of fusimotor control
      of spindles may be tailored to the specific muscle and task being performed,
      rather than necessarily dominated by rigid alpha-gamma coactivation.

PMID- 154559
TI  - Acid mucopolysaccharides of the pig salivary glands.

PMID- 154558
TI  - Physiological properties of muscle spindles in dorsal neck muscles of the cat.
AB  - 1. Single-fiber recording was used to examine the properties of 107 spindle
      endings in cat biventer cervicis (BC) and complexus (CM) muscles. Responses of
      receptors were examined following muscle contraction and ramp and hold stretch.
      Twenty-two endings in splenius (SP) were also examined, but their responses could
      not be quantitated because the anatomy of SP prevented the application of
      appropriate stretches. 2. Conduction velocitites of spindle afferents ranged from
      13 to 90 m/s. Endings with primary response patterns usually had faster
      conduction velocities than secondary endings, but there was overlap in the
      conduction velocity ranges of the two subgroups. 3. Most neck spindle afferents
      could be classified as either primary or secondary by a constellation of
      physiological criteria including dynamic response pattern, dynamic index, and
      variability of resting discharge frequency. However, 22 of 107 endings from BC
      and CM had responses with characteristics intermediate between primary and
      secondary responses. The possible sources of these characteristics are discussed.
      4. Despite the similarity in properties between spindles of different neck
      muscles, the length sensitivities of CM spindles were high compared to those of
      BC spindles. CM spindles showed length-related modulation of firing frequency
      over a more restricted range of initial muscle lengths than did BC spindles. 5.
      Eight Golgi tendon organs (GTO) were identified by their characteristics
      responses. Conduction velocities obtained for five GTO afferent nerves ranged
      from 50 to 67 m/s. Recordings were also made from receptros in deep muscles
      surrounding the vertebrae. These receptors had properties characteristic of
      muscle spindles.

PMID- 154560
TI  - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a prepubertal female.

PMID- 154561
TI  - Perceptions of an aggressive encounter as a function of the victim's salience and
      the perceiver's arousal.
AB  - Two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of a victim's physical
      salience and perceivers' arousal on perceptions of a verbally aggressive
      interaction. Based upon evidence that there is a tendency to attribute causality
      to salient stimulus persons and to form more evaluatively extreme impressions of
      such persons, it was predicted that an aggressor's behavior would be attributed
      more to causes in a physically salient than a nonsalient victim and that the
      behavior of a salient victim would be evaluated more extremely than that of a
      nonsalient victim. Based upon Easterbrook's hypothesis that arousal narrows the
      focus of attention to the most salient cues in the situation, it was further
      predicted that aroused perceivers would manifest both a stronger tendency to
      attribute causality to a physically salient victim of aggression and more extreme
      ratings of the stimulus persons than would nonaroused perceivers. The results
      supported all of the experimental hypotheses except one: The tendency to
      attribute the aggressor's behavior more to a physically salient than a nonsalient
      victim was not greater for aroused than for nonaroused perceivers.

PMID- 154563
TI  - Mechanism of the vibration paradox: excitatory and inhibitory effects of tendon
      vibration on single soleus muscle motor units in man.
AB  - 1. The parameters of presynaptic inhibition of the Ia spindle afferents from
      soleus muscle by vibration have been investigated. The inhibitory effects
      increase with the amplitude of vibration, but decrease when the vibration
      frequency is increased.2. The monosynaptic reflex threshold of twenty-one single
      soleus motor units activated in the H (Hoffmann) reflex by a single electrical
      stimulus to the posterior tibial nerve was estimated quantitatively and expressed
      in relation to the size of the simultaneously recorded H reflex.3. A parametric
      study of the effects of various Achilles tendon vibrations on the reflex
      threshold of the single soleus motor units indicated that their order of
      derecruitment is concordant with their rank order for activation in the phasic
      reflexes of the soleus. The last recruited motoneurones are the most susceptible
      to being silenced by steady vibration.4. Muscle vibration progressively recruits
      single motor units according to the motoneurone size principle through
      polysynaptic proprioceptive pathways. However the presynaptic inhibition of Ia
      spindle afferents simultaneously induced by the vibration works in reverse on the
      same rank order of motoneurones of the soleus spinal pool, thereby limiting the
      polysynaptic recruitment of units in the tonic vibration reflex while depressing
      the autogenic phasic proprioceptive reflexes. These mechanisms elucidate the so
      called vibration paradox and extend the size principle of Henneman to presynaptic
      inhibitory effects.

PMID- 154562
TI  - Recruitment order of human spindle endings in isometric voluntary contractions.
AB  - 1. The responses of twenty-two spindle endings in the anterior tibial and toe
      extensor muscles of human subjects were studied during isometric voluntary
      contractions of the receptor-bearing muscle with the ankle joint fixed in 25
      degrees plantar flexion.2. The discharge of eighteen endings accelerated in
      voluntary contractions when the contraction strength exceeded a threshold level
      which differed for different endings but was reproducible for the same ending.3.
      With contractions of slow onset the latency to spindle acceleration varied with
      the speed of onset of the contraction. Endings with a background discharge were
      often unloaded by contractions until the contraction strength exceeded the
      threshold for activation of the ending.4. No correlation was found between the
      sensitivity of a spindle to external length changes and its ease of activation in
      a voluntary contraction. For two spindle endings with a background discharge
      there was no change in either discharge frequency or the regularity of spindle
      discharge during contractions which were below the threshold for activation of
      the endings. It is concluded that the threshold for activation of a spindle
      ending in an isometric voluntary contraction is determined by its fusimotor
      innervation, and that fusimotor neurones probably have a recruitment order, much
      as do skeletomotor neurones.5. Once activated, the discharge of spindle endings
      fluctuated with changes in skeletomotor activity but the relationship for some
      endings contained non-linearities. Such non-linearities were not as apparent in
      multi-unit recordings from a number of spindle endings in the contracting muscle.
      It is concluded that the fusimotor drive to a muscle is proportional to the
      skeletomotor drive to the muscle, and that skeletomotor and fusimotor neurones
      are subjected to similar if not identical descending command signals. From the
      work of Evarts (1968), it seems likely that these command signals are related
      more to desired muscle force than to desired muscle length.

PMID- 154564
TI  - Observations upon skeletal muscle from the Sprawler mutant mouse [proceedings].

PMID- 154565
TI  - Typical sympathetic noradrenergic endings in a muscle spindle of the cat
      [proceedings].

PMID- 154566
TI  - Dissociation between the electrical activity of the diaphragmatic dome and crura
      muscular fibers during esophageal distension, vomiting and eructation. An
      electromyographic study in the dog.

PMID- 154567
TI  - Perceived positive and negative effects of life-threatening illness.

PMID- 154568
TI  - A survey of preceived oral health needs of homebound patients.
AB  - 1. While almost 60 percent of all patients reported dental needs, it is assumed
      that actual needs were in fact considerably higher. Problems relating to dentures
      were the most freqeuntly expressed complaint. 2. A strong relation existed
      between the ability of homebound patients to get to a dentist and the time
      elapsed since last dental visit. Number of teeth was a significant determinant in
      frequency of seeking care. Persons with teeth or dentures sought treatment more
      often than those who were edentulous. Pain was the only variable for which a
      difference was noted between the two groups in the effect on time of last dental
      visit. 3. The study revealed an inaccessibility of dental care for the majority
      of patients confined to their homes. Ability to get to the dentist was identified
      as a major barrier to care for the homebound. The delivery of dental services to
      such patients in their immediate surroundings, by specially trained dental
      professionals using mobile units, must therefore be seriously considered as a
      means for improving access to care for this population.

PMID- 154569
TI  - Sciatic nerve injury in a patient undergoing laparoscopy.
AB  - A case of injury to the sciatic nerve at the time of laparoscopy is presented.
      The problem can generally be prevented, and the resolution, although lengthy,
      ususally is complete.

PMID- 154570
TI  - Elimination of contamination without caesarian derivation--success or failure?
AB  - Unfortunately, only successes tend to be published, so we are denied knowledge of
      partial successes and failures regarding SPF unit breakdowns. If more workers
      were prepared to be open about their partial successes, a combination of various
      techniques are appropriate to the case, could prove to be most successful. Each
      SPF colony is different and must be considered on its merits, nature of
      contamination, species and strains of animals and so on, but it would seem that
      caesarian derivation is not now always the only course of action.

PMID- 154571
TI  - Operating procedures, equipment and housing facilities to maintain small
      laboratory animals under SPF conditions in large breeding colonies and in
      experiments.

PMID- 154572
TI  - Twelve years experience in establishing larger colonies of small laboratory
      animals under SPF conditions by means of germfree technology.
AB  - The special procedures and techniques to develop poly-associated gnotobiotic
      animals in order to start large SPF colonies of small laboratory animals are
      discussed.

PMID- 154573
TI  - The effect of germfree and SPF maintenance conditions on the lifespan and
      diseases of small laboratory animals.
AB  - The mortality rates and spontaneous diseases defining the course of natural
      mortality graphs in colonies of Han: NMRI mice kept under conventional, SPF and
      germfree maintenance conditions are reported. A specific problem in SPF colonies
      is caused by ubiquitous germs. The lesions and possible reasons for such types of
      infections are discussed.

PMID- 154574
TI  - The breeding and use of specific pathogen-free (SPF) rats.
AB  - Bronchiectasis is common in older rats and is a serious complication when the
      lungs are repuired for research purposes. SPF rats do not develop this
      complication, but special isolated accommodation must be provided and care of the
      animals must avoid introduction of outside micro-organisms. Animals removed from
      the isolated accommodation for experimental work are not returned, but can be
      kept in the general animal house provided there are no conventionally-bred rats.

PMID- 154575
TI  - 1,3,5-Tris(N,N',N''-2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)amino-methylbenzene, a synthetic iron
      chelator related to enterobactin.

PMID- 154576
TI  - Cardenolide analogues. 9. Synthesis and biological activity of 17beta
      carbomethoxyethylene and 17beta-cyanoethylene 14alpha-H steroids.

PMID- 154577
TI  - Dementia in ageing mental defectives: a clinical and neuropathological study.
AB  - A follow-up clinical and neuropathological study of eleven mentally subnormal
      subjects diagnosed in life as suffering from either senile, cerebral
      arteriosclerotic or pre-senile dementia is reported. Of the original cohort seven
      have died and neuropathological examination has confirmed the diagnosis of
      cerebral arterisclerotic dementia in three, senile dementia in one and senile
      dementia of unusually early onset in another mongol patient. Autopsy was refused
      in one patient and in the other patient neuropathological examination revealed a
      diffuse sclerosis of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher type. In the four survivors the
      clinical diagnosis of dementia would appear to be probably correct in one
      patient, partially correct in another, and wrong in two patients. The study has
      confirmed that dementia can be diagnosed in mental defectives with a reasonable
      degree of accuracy and draws attention to the potential interest of
      neuropathological examinations in decreased psychiatrically disordered mentally
      subnormal subjects.

PMID- 154578
TI  - Pituitary function in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Pituitary function studies have been carried out in eight male and eight female
      patients with Down's syndrome who were suspected of having hypothyroidism
      secondary to pituitary deficiency. In all cases, the response of Human Growth
      Hormone to hypoglycaemia was adequate and the response of Lutenising Hormone and
      Follicle Stimulating Hormone to the injection of Lutenising Hormone and Follicle
      Stimulating Hormone was not signfiicantly greater than that in age and sex
      matched institutionalised controls. Therefore there is no evidence that the
      relative hypothyroidism in these patients is due to pituitary hypofunction, nor
      do the results provide evidence of pituitary deficiency in Down's syndrome
      generally.

PMID- 154579
TI  - Phosphorylative respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from the left and
      right ventricles of rabbit hearts following partial pulmonary trunk occlusion.

PMID- 154580
TI  - Morphological alterations and their functional interpretation in the
      hypertrophied myocardium of Goldblatt hypertensive rats.

PMID- 154581
TI  - The chemoarchitectonics of the diencephalon of frog (Rana tigrina).
AB  - The study deals with the distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatases, ATPase,
      5-nucleotidase, nonspecific esterase, specific cholinesterase, and beta
      galactosidase in the diencephalon of the frog. The highlights of the present
      study are the following: i) Acid phosphatase is present in all the neurons,
      whereas the tracts and commissures are completely negative. ii) Most of the
      tracts and commissures are positive for 5-nucleotidase. This confirms the
      author's previous findings that the tracts and commissures of all the areas of
      frog brain are intensely positive for 5-nucleotidase. iii) beta-galactosidase
      activity in the nuclei of the diencephalon is either mild or completely absent,
      whereas the commissures and tracts show positive activity. iv) Habenulothalamic
      connections are intensely positive for specific cholinesterase and non-specific
      esterase, moderately positive for beta-galactosidase and completely negative for
      other enzymes. v) The epiphysis (pineal organ) shows intense reaction for
      adenosine triphosphatase, acid phosphatase, and 5-nucleotidase and moderate
      reaction for alkaline phosphatase and non-specific esterase. In contrast to the
      above enzymes, the specific cholinesterase and beta-galactosidase are completely
      missing. vi) Lateral forebrain bundles are completely negative for all the
      enzymes except alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase. The distribution of
      these enzymes has been correlated with the functional aspects of various nuclei,
      tracts, and commissures of the diencephalon of the frog.

PMID- 154582
TI  - Doppler flowmeter in the differential diagnosis of the acute scrotum in children.
AB  - A Doppler flowmeter was used to evaluate an acute scrotum in 23 children. A
      diminished or absent flow was noted in cases of torsion of the testis. Orchitis,
      epididymitis and torsion of the testicular appendix were accompanied with an
      increased blood flow. Inflammatory and ischemic lesions could be detected and in
      all operated cases the diagnosis proved to be correct. Unnecessary operations in
      cases of torsion of the testicular appendix can be avoided with this accurate non
      invasive method.

PMID- 154583
TI  - [Results of application of CS-1170 to pediatric infections (author's transl)].
AB  - CS-1170 was administered in a total of 11 cases including respiratory infections,
      urinary-tract infections, and subacute bacterial endocarditis. It was effective
      in all of the cases; markedly effective in a case of bronchopneumonia with
      underlying Down's syndrome and infantile spasm and in 2 cases of urinary-tract
      infections with E. coli. The fact that it was effective for urinary-tract
      infection with E. coli which showed no sensitivity to ampicillin or cefazolin
      demonstrates the clinical significance and usefulness of CS-1170 which is said to
      have a strong antibacterial activity for bacterial producing beta-lactamase. No
      side effect was observed.

PMID- 154584
TI  - Fluctuation of acetylcholine sensitivity in skeletal muscles with development,
      denervation and glycerol treatment.

PMID- 154585
TI  - [Closure of median sternotomy wound with braided dacron sutures (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 154586
TI  - [Xenoplasty of the anterior abdominal wall in large defects using a Bulgarian
      antimicrobial polyamide sheet].

PMID- 154588
TI  - [Imported malaria in Leningrad in 1975-1977].

PMID- 154587
TI  - [1st cases of pseudotuberculosis in Alma-Ata].

PMID- 154589
TI  - Morphometric study of the atrioventricular node in normal and hypertrophic rat
      heart.

PMID- 154590
TI  - Morphometric study of myocardial hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic
      stenosis.

PMID- 154591
TI  - Manufacturing processes. Refining of nickel.

PMID- 154593
TI  - Steroid metabolism in testis tissue: the metabolism of pregnenolone, pregnenolone
      sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in human and
      boar testes in vitro.

PMID- 154592
TI  - Mechanical and biochemical effects of transient myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 154594
TI  - Sex steroid binding protein (SBP) in dog plasma.

PMID- 154595
TI  - The measurement of oestrone, equilin and dehydroepiandrosterone in the peripheral
      plasma of pregnant pony mares by radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 154596
TI  - Dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate in peripheral blood of premenopausal, pregnant and
      postmenopausal women and men.

PMID- 154597
TI  - 7-Hydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone by a human lymphoblastoid cell line.

PMID- 154598
TI  - Congenital aortic valve anomaly. Aortic regurgitation with left coronary artery
      isolation.
AB  - A case is reported of aortic regurgitation resulting from a congenitally abnormal
      aortic valve. The left coronary cusp of the valve was small and adhered to the
      aortic wall, so that there was insufficient valve tissue to maintain diastolic
      valve competence. In addition, this rudimentary cusp completely occluded the left
      coronary ostium. The patient was treated successfully by valve replacement.

PMID- 154599
TI  - Caplike double-horned double-outlet right ventricle. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients with a rare form of double-chambered, double-outlet right ventricle
      (DORV) are described. Both patients had associated pulmonary stenosis,
      ventricular septal defect, and a large tricuspid valve whose chordal attachments
      crossed the right ventricular outflow tract. The angiocardiographic,
      echocardiographic, and operative findings were distinctive. The right ventricle
      was positioned as a "cap" sitting atop the ventricular septal defect at the
      cephalad end of the left ventricle. The right ventricle, with its two "horns,"
      was likened to a rider straddling a saddle. Tricuspid chordal attachments
      extended into each of the two right ventricular "horn." No repair was performed
      in the asymptomatic patient. The other repair involved closure of the tricuspid
      orifice and insertion of a valved extracardiac conduit from the right atrium to
      the pulmonary artery.

PMID- 154600
TI  - [Current topical treatment of acne vulgaris with vitamin A acid and benzoyl
      peroxide].

PMID- 154601
TI  - Effect of lipid on the access of ATP and calcium to the delipidated Ca++-ATPase
      of intestinal brush border membrane.

PMID- 154602
TI  - [Morphology of the radiation changes in the jaw bones under the experimental
      effect of calcitonin].

PMID- 154603
TI  - [Action of an atropine derivative, Ipratropiumbromide (SCH 1000) in bradycardia].

PMID- 154604
TI  - [Occupational dermatoses in workers of a building combine].
AB  - Examinations involved 33 building combine workers. Findings were as follows:
      occupational acne in 94% of workers, toxic dermatitis of epidermis and skin in
      42% and allergic dermatitis of epidermis and skin in 9% of workers, resulting
      from work in exposure to cement, lime and oils.

PMID- 154605
TI  - [Dermatoses in tapestry workers].
AB  - From among 810 persons subjected to a medical examination, skin lesions were
      found in 33.3%. These were mostly: seborrhea (89 cases), occupational naevi (55
      cases), dermatomycosis (49 cases), urticaria (21 cases), eczema (12 cases). Other
      dermatoses were found in 44 workers, however, in a small percentage, not greater
      than in other non-industrial populations. No occupational dermatoses resulting
      from exposure to fundamental materials or dyes used in production were found.

PMID- 154606
TI  - Series: "Prevention of handicap." The quality of neonatal care in special and
      intensive care baby units.

PMID- 154607
TI  - [New species of obligate-thermophilic bacteria of the Flavobacterium thermophilum
      type].

PMID- 154608
TI  - [Number of butyric acid bacteria belonging to the genus Clostridium in the slimy
      sediments of Volga reservoirs].
AB  - The number of Clostridium pasteurianum, Cl. butyricum, and Cl. acetobutylicum was
      determined in ooze deposits of the Volga River reservoirs using enriched nutrient
      media. The bacterial number for the two former species was about 1 + 10(6) cells
      per 1 ml of ooze with a high content of easily assimilated organic substances,
      thus being by 1--3 orders of magnitude higher than for Cl. pasteurianum on media
      without nitrogen. The bacterial number for Cl. acetobutylicum was 0.1--1 + 10(3)
      cells per 1 ml.

PMID- 154609
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the numbers of microorganisms in soils and their
      basement sedimentary rocks].
AB  - Comparative studies on the quantitative composition of microorganisms in soils
      and basement sedimentary rocks have shown that the latter are rich in
      microorganisms. The number of microorganisms in basement grounds changes with
      time, thus indicating their activity. The qualitative composition is poor. At the
      same time, the total quantity of microorganisms in basement layers is equal to
      that in soil. Basement layers contain 10 times more microorganisms than eutrophic
      water reservoirs and 1000 times more than oligotrophic water reservoirs.

PMID- 154610
TI  - [Gas chromatographic method of determining the intensity of microbiological
      oxidation of methane in reservoirs].
AB  - A method of gas chromatography is described for determining the rate of microbial
      methane oxidation. In the Rybinskoye Reservoir, the rate of methane oxidation in
      the microaerobic zone of water layers near the bottom over the silted former
      channel of the Mologa River was found to be 51.1 to 86.2 mcl of CH4 per litre per
      day at 2--3 degrees C, constituting 8--16% of the original methane content.

PMID- 154612
TI  - [Bacterial overgrowth of slides and electron microscopic grids in the surface
      film of water and ooze deposits].
AB  - Distinct bacterial growth can be discerned in the surface water film on
      semisubmerged slides in the laboratory conditions. The thickness of growth
      depends on the content of organic substances in water. The growth is found also
      in natural brine if the content of salts is 127--230 g per litre. A great variety
      of aqueous bacteria is seen, by means of electron microscopy, on electron
      microscopic nets submerged in the surface water layer. New bacterial forms have
      been found in natural brine. Many creeping bacteria cover slides at the water
      ooze interface.

PMID- 154611
TI  - [Microbiological oxidation of methane in the stratal waters of the Lower
      Volgian].
AB  - Methanotrophic bacteria are rather widely distributed in bed waters of oil and
      gas deposits in the Nizhneye Povolzhye. Their number reaches 250 cells per 1 ml
      of water. However, bacterial methane oxidation is active only in waters whose
      redox potential exceeds +250 mV. In a number of cases, microbial methane
      oxidation is limited by the absence of oxygen from bed waters. If air is added to
      samples of such water, methane dissolved in the water is oxidized by
      microorganisms at a high rate (2--451 X 10(-4) cm3 of methane per litre of water
      per day).

PMID- 154613
TI  - Drug abuse in the Socialist Republic of Union of Burma.

PMID- 154614
TI  - The care of upper gastro-intestinal fibreoptic endoscopes.

PMID- 154615
TI  - [A patient with a giant cavenous hemangioma of the liver].

PMID- 154616
TI  - Left ventricular function in terminal uremia. A hemodynamic and echocardiographic
      study.
AB  - 14 patients with advanced uremia had a mean cardiac index (CI) of 4.37 +/- 0.25
      liters/min/m2, a mean stroke work index (SWI) of 65.6 +/- 3.7 g/m/m2 and a mean
      left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) of 16.3 +/- 2.1 mm Hg. The left
      ventricular performance was estimated to be normal when CI or SWI changes were
      correlated with simultaneous variation of the LVFP attained during peritoneal
      dialysis or afterload reduction. CI was high at a normal LVFP, it decreased at
      low or high LVFP. Guanidines retention, metabolic acidosis and hypocalcemia did
      not prevent the maintenance of a high CI or SWI. Out of 32 patients, left
      ventricular hypertrophy and pericardial effusion, conditions which may affect
      ventricular distensibility, were present in 25 and in 22 echocardiograms,
      respectively. We suggest that in uremic subjects, LVFP is primarily influenced by
      volume loads and by ventricular distensibility modifications.

PMID- 154618
TI  - [Early history of laparoscopy, thoracoscopy and thoracocautery].

PMID- 154619
TI  - Effects of castration and reproductive hormones on pineal serotonin metabolism in
      rats.

PMID- 154617
TI  - Long-term results in 35 HLA-identical sibling and 3 HLA-identical parent-child
      renal allograft recipients.
AB  - 35 recipients of a renal allograft from an HLA-identical sibling followed for 3
      months to nearly 15 years have had 1- and 5-year allograft survivals of 93 and
      76%, respectively, levels comparable to the 90 and 80% reported at 1 and 5 years
      for identical twins. Although high MLC stimulation was related to graft failure,
      intermediate degrees of stimulation were not. The most common cause of graft
      failure was chronic rejection (n=4) and of death, myocardial infarction (n=3).
      However, overall complications such as aseptic necrosis were distinctly lower
      than in mismatched recipients. 3 children received an allograft from an HLA
      identical parent, possible because of a shared parental haplotype, and all have
      excellent function from 2 to nearly 9 years after transplantation.

PMID- 154620
TI  - Collateral inhibition of serotonergic neurones in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus:
      pharmacological evidence.

PMID- 154621
TI  - Electrophysiological studies with a new anti-depressant drug: comparison of the
      effects of viloxazine (ICI 58,834) with three tricyclic anti-depressants in the
      encephale isole.

PMID- 154622
TI  - Serotonin agonist actions of p-chlorophenylalanine.

PMID- 154623
TI  - A fluorescence histochemical and biochemical evaluation of the effect of p
      chloroamphetamine on individual serotonergic nuclei in the rat brain.

PMID- 154624
TI  - Treatment of Huntington disease with a cholinergic agonist.
AB  - The involuntary movements of Huntington disease may be related to cholinergic
      hypofunction in the striatum. For this reason, the effect of a direct cholinergic
      agonist, arecoline, was studied in six patients with this disorder. Rather than
      improving the chorea, arecoline tended to exacerbate the choreic movements.
      Arecoline did produce significant alterations of blood pressure, heart rate, and
      body temperature, probably by central cholinergic stimulation.

PMID- 154625
TI  - HD antigens: data debated.

PMID- 154626
TI  - Huntington disease: clinical care and evaluation.

PMID- 154627
TI  - Acute myopathy with selective lysis of myosin filaments.
AB  - An acute reversible myopathy characterized by extensive lysis of myosin occurred
      in a patient who suffered from severe shock, hypoxia, and acidosis. This new
      clinical pathologic entity illustrates an unusual structural change in muscle
      associated with these catastrophic clinical circumstances.

PMID- 154628
TI  - Joseph H. Kauffmann is 1979 recipient of DSSNY Distinguished Service Award.

PMID- 154629
TI  - The control and prevention of dermatitis at work.

PMID- 154631
TI  - [Prevention of drug abuse by adolescents (author's transl)].

PMID- 154630
TI  - [Results of blood pressure measurement operation during World Health Day 1978
      activities at the Nuremberg public health office (author's transl)].

PMID- 154633
TI  - [Hearing and road traffic (author's transl)].

PMID- 154632
TI  - [Travelling in the tropics and preventive medicine (author's transl)].

PMID- 154634
TI  - [Airconditioning equipment in workshops and offices seen from the angle of
      industrial hygiene (author's transl)].

PMID- 154636
TI  - Recognized, allowed injuries under workers' compensation.

PMID- 154635
TI  - [In-vitro antagonism of certain antibiotics in the agar diffusion test].

PMID- 154637
TI  - Experimental evaluation of a posterior chamber lens fixated with Dacron.
AB  - A posterior chamber intraocular lens using Dacron fibers to achieve fixation to
      the iris was studied. The lens was inserted in rabbit eyes following
      extracapsular lensectomy, and in primate eyes after lensectomy, vitrectomy, and
      peripheral iridectomy. Surgical implantation of the lenses was simple and quick,
      and no operative complications occurred. Clinically, no difference was noted in
      the amount of inflammation in eyes receiving a lens with or without Dacron. None
      of the lenses implanted in primate eyes dislocated; one placed in a rabbit eye
      dislocated anteriorly. Postmortem examination demonstrated firm Dacron adherence
      to iris tissue in all but the one eye with a dislocated lens.

PMID- 154638
TI  - Iris tissue reaction to dacron and silk in primates: evaluation for intraocular
      lens fixation.
AB  - Dacron, silk, and a combination of the two were evaluated for tissue ingrowth
      response in the primate iris with a view towards the feasibility of using these
      materials for intraocular lens fixation. The materials were well tolerated by all
      eyes, with no inflammation after seven days and no cases of endophthalmitis
      occurring. Adherence to iris was strong in silk-containing materials at 14 days
      by gross and histologic examination, and the Dacron-silk combination was judged
      most suitable for potential human use.

PMID- 154640
TI  - [Adyl Sharipovich Shakirov].

PMID- 154639
TI  - Antibody formation to dog pulp tissue altered by Grossman's Formula Sealer via
      the root canal.
AB  - Pulp tissue from experimental dogs was tested for its antigenicity before and
      after incubation with Grossman's Formula Sealer (GS). Reactions to Arthus skin
      tests showed an increased response to pulp that had been incubated in GS, washed,
      and then injected, as compared with the material alone. Hemagglutinating antibody
      titers (1:160 to 1:360) were obtained from pulp tissue altered by GS. Inhibition
      tests showed the specificity of the antibody to be at a dilution titer of 1:200.
      Therefore, GS altered dog pulp tissue and rendered it antigenically active, and a
      specific humoral response was produced.

PMID- 154641
TI  - [Skin manifestations of amidazophen sensitivity].

PMID- 154642
TI  - Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) inhibition in humans due to anti-Ia like (DRW).
AB  - The authors studied the MLC blocking effect of anti-DRW anti-sera. These sera
      were harvested from multiparous women and their anti-DRW activities were defined
      (after exhaustive platelets absorption) on a panel of 73 B-lymphocytes. All the
      six tested sera were strongly inhibitor until dilution greater than 1/500 when
      they were present in the MLC for all the culture period but without specificity
      for their relevant target cell. The MLC inhibitory activity was still found in
      IgG fraction. A significant specific inhibition could be found only when the
      cultured cells were independently preincubated with the corresponding anti-DRW
      serum prior culture. In this last case inhibition occured when the target cell
      (bearing the DRW antigen recognized by the studied sera) was used as the
      stimulator cell in MLC. A decrease of the inhibition was found when the anti-DRW
      was absorbed with its relevant target cell but also with non-target cell, as
      assessed by B-cell cytotoxicity, suggesting that non cytotoxic antibodies
      directed against "public" determinant are involved in MLC inhibition.

PMID- 154643
TI  - [Change in brain ATPase activity during altitude adaptation].

PMID- 154644
TI  - [Right-ventricular circuitous leads and their use in the early diagnosis of right
      ventricular hypertrophy in children and adolescents].

PMID- 154645
TI  - [An important aspect of health education in pedodontics].

PMID- 154646
TI  - [The different types of handicaps. Their influence on cost in the medico-social
      and educational scheme].

PMID- 154647
TI  - [Orodental pathology of the handicapped].

PMID- 154648
TI  - [Dental care of handicapped children in the hospital milieu].

PMID- 154649
TI  - [Anesthesia of handicapped children in dentistry].

PMID- 154650
TI  - [Mechanical redirection of permanent salivary flow in handicapped children].

PMID- 154651
TI  - [Psychological problems of handicapped children].

PMID- 154652
TI  - [Hospital organization of a stomatology section for the handicapped].

PMID- 154653
TI  - [Orodental prophylaxis in the handicapped child].

PMID- 154655
TI  - Special Olympics.

PMID- 154654
TI  - [Pediatrics and preventive pedodontics].

PMID- 154656
TI  - Alkaline deoxyribonucleases released from Neurospora crassa mycelia: two
      activities not released by mutants with multiple sensitivities to mutagens.
AB  - Three major alkaline deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activities have been identified in
      sorbose-containing liquid culture medium in which wild-type Neurosporacrassa were
      grown: DNase A, a Ca++dependent endonuclease of molecular weight 65,000 daltons
      which has no specificity for single- or double-stranded DNA (ss-DNA or ds-DNA)
      and no activity with RNA; DNase B, a Mg++-dependent single-strand specific
      exonuclease of molecular weight 78,000 daltons active with both ss-DNA and RNA;
      DNase C, a divalent metal ion-dependent endo-exonuclease of molecular weight
      65,000 having single-strand specific endonuclease activity with ss-DNA and RNA
      and exonuclease activity with ds-DNA. Three mutants which were shown previously
      to have wide spectra of sensitivities to mutagens, and which exhibited reduced
      release of DNase activity on sorbose-containing agar test plates (the Nuh
      phenotype), were deficient relative to the wild-type in the release of these
      major alkaline DNases into the liquid culture medium. The uvs-3 mutant released
      only small amounts of DNase A and DNase C; nuh-4 did not release detectable DNase
      C and released only a very low level of DNase B; uvs-6 released only a low level
      of DNase A. A nuh mutant (nuh-3) which is not mutagen sensitive relative to the
      wild-type released low levels of DNase B. On the other hand, an ultraviolet light
      sensitive mutant (nuc-2) which does not have the Nuh phenotype was normal in the
      release of these DNases.

PMID- 154657
TI  - Sensory deprivation. 3. In the elderly.

PMID- 154659
TI  - The HV - an adviser on grants?

PMID- 154658
TI  - Nursing care study. Surgical female sterilisation: it's all done with tubes and
      clips.

PMID- 154660
TI  - Across to Rome.

PMID- 154661
TI  - Biochemical changes in the rat brain associated with dinitrophenol-induced brain
      edema.
AB  - The present paper was designed to the study of cerebral edema induced by
      intracarotid infusion of dinitrophenol. The determinations included variations in
      three lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, cathepsin C and beta-glucuronidase),
      Na+-K+-ATP-ase, changes in cerebral RNA and protein concentrations and the
      synthesis of these macromolecules in vitro. In experimental brain edema a drastic
      drop in the activity of lysosomal enzymes took place. The acid phosphatase
      decreased to less than 30% of controls. Cathepsin C and beta-glucuronidase were
      reduced about 30% and 50% of control levels respectively. Protein concentration
      in the cerebral tissue also decreased by more than 50%. The concentration of RNA,
      RNA synthesis, and the level of Na+-K+-ATP-ase remained unchanged. Protein
      synthesis was stimulated by 75% (against controls). All these phenomena were
      suppressed when the animals subjected to the action of dinitrophenol were
      concomitantly treated with the antiacidotic substance, tris (hydroxymethyl)
      aminomethane.

PMID- 154662
TI  - Radiologic signs of hip and knee joint degeneration. A potential source of
      iatrogenesis.
AB  - Bilateral x-ray films of hip joints in 326 and knee joints in 193 asymptomatic
      patients were analyzed to investigate the prevalence of abnormalities.
      Degenerative changes, if any, were classified according to severity. Bilateral
      degeneration of hip or knee joints was found in 20% of the subjects. Thus,
      caution must be exercised in interpreting radiologic signs of joint degeneration
      in the absence of clinical evidence.

PMID- 154663
TI  - [Evaluation of bovine-type and avian-type tuberculosis in man (author's transl)].

PMID- 154664
TI  - [Seasonal fluctuations in the electrolyte content in diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Results of examination of 257 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus
      demonstrated a reduction of sodium, potassium and magnesium content in their
      plasma. Erythrocytes also displayed a reduction of potassium and magnesium, and
      some increase of sodium content. Reduction of electrolyte level in the plasma and
      erythrocytes was more pronounced in winter; the erythrocyte sodium content was
      less in summer than in winter. The 24-hour sodium potassium and magnesium
      excretion is increased, during winter in particular. The efficacy of treatment of
      diabetic patients with panangin and potassium chloride for the purpose of
      elimination of magnesium and potassium deficiency was demonstrated. A conclusion
      was drawn on the expediency of using these drugs in the complex treatment of
      diabetic patients, particularly in winter.

PMID- 154665
TI  - [Sources of tuberculosis infection in young children].

PMID- 154666
TI  - [Formation of dispensary registry group VIA according to data from a tuberculosis
      control dispensary].

PMID- 154667
TI  - [Tuberculous exudative pleurisy in the practice of the tuberculosis control
      dispensary].

PMID- 154668
TI  - [Diagnosis of exudative pleurisy in the phthisiologic clinic].

PMID- 154669
TI  - [Morphological assessment of the coronary arterial bed in active pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 154670
TI  - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system: partial sequence of a
      mitochondrial ATPase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial DNA of a cytoplasmic "petite" mutant of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported. The DNA has a repeat length of 1060 base
      pairs and contains a genetic marker (oli-1) for the ATPase proteolipid. The
      nucleotide sequence reveals the presence of part of the structural gene of the
      subunit-9 proteolipid of the ATPase complex and an extended A+T-rich region
      adjacent to the carboxyl-terminal end of the gene. The structural gene sequence
      agrees with the primary structure of the protein. These studies point out the
      feasibility of using the DNA of appropriately marked "petite" mutants to obtain
      the sequence of mitochondrial genes.

PMID- 154671
TI  - Calcium-sensitive regulation of actin-myosin interactions in baby hamster kidney
      (BHK-21) cells.
AB  - A fraction has been obtained from baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells that will
      stimulate the actin-moderated ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) activity
      of both BHK-21 myosin and gizzard smooth muscle myosin. This activation is
      associated with the specific phosphorylation of the myosin 20,000-dalton light
      chain. The BHK-21 myosin light chain kinase preparation contains a major protein
      of approximately 105,000 molecular weight as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      gel electrophoresis. Both the actin activation and phosphorylation events require
      the presence of Ca2+ and the so-called modulator or calcium-dependent regulator
      protein that has been isolated from smooth muscle, brain, and other tissues. On
      the basis of these results we propose that this kinase system constitutes a Ca2+
      dependent regulatory mechanism for myosin-actin interactions in nonmuscle
      mammalian cells.

PMID- 154672
TI  - Import of proteins into mitochondria: precursor forms of the extramitochondrially
      made F1-ATPase subunits in yeast.
AB  - The mitochondrial F1-ATPase consists of five nonidentical subunits that are
      synthesized outside the mitochondria and imported across both mitochondrial
      membranes to the matrix side of the inner membrane. In order to study the
      mechanism of this import, we synthesized the F1-ATPase subunits of yeast either
      in vitro (in a reticulocyte lysate programmed with yeast RNA) or in vivo (in
      pulsed and pulsed-chased yeast spheroplasts). Both in vitro and in vivo, each of
      the three largest ATPase subunits was synthesized as a larger precursor. When the
      precursors that had been synthesized in vitro were incubated with isolated yeast
      mitochondria, they were converted to "mature" subunits that were no longer
      susceptible to externally added proteases. The uptake of the subunit into the
      mitochondria was thus accompanied by conversion of the precursor. Since uptake of
      precursors into mitochondria was independent of protein synthesis and since the
      precursors could also be detected in vivo, the transfer of proteins from the
      cytosol across both mitochondrial membranes does not occur by vectorial
      translation. Instead, the proteins destined for import are first made outside the
      mitochondria as precursors and only subsequently transported into the
      mitochondria. This step is accompanied by proteolytic conversion of the mature
      subunit.

PMID- 154674
TI  - Potential non-serotonergic basis of hyperphagia elicited by intraventricular p
      chlorophenylalanine.

PMID- 154675
TI  - Analytical study of the reaction between nicotinic acid and some Cu(II) salts.

PMID- 154673
TI  - Interesting and unusual features in the sequence of Neurospora crassa
      mitochondrial tyrosine transfer RNA.
AB  - The mitochondrial tyrosine tRNA from Neurospora crassa has been sequenced and
      found to have several interesting features: (i) It resembles prokaryotic rather
      than eukaryotic tyrosine tRNAs in that it possesses a large variable loop (loop
      III); moreover, it can be quantitatively aminoacylated by Escherichia coli
      tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase but not by yeast tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. (ii) This tRNA
      differs from all tRNA's sequenced to date in lacking the A residue at position 14
      and the constant purine residue at position 15, two nucleosides that have been
      found so far in loop I of all tRNA's and that have been implicated in base-base
      tertiary interactions, respectively, with the universal U residue at position 8
      and the constant pyrimidine residue at the end of loop III. (iii) Unlike the N.
      crassa mitochondrial initiator tRNA, this tRNA contains the usual TpsiC sequence
      in loop IV and the highly conserved GG sequence in loop I common to other tRNAs.

PMID- 154676
TI  - Studies concerning the significance of orthogonal ECG changes with age in normal
      men and in arterial hypertension without congestive cardiac failure in men past
      forty.
AB  - Great ECG changes (Frank system) with age were found in normal men. ECG
      diagnostic criteria valid in Romania were studied by multivariate analyses in men
      aged 40--60 suffering from hypertension (Hyp) without cardiac congestive failure
      (CCF), out of which one group with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and another
      one without it. Echocardiographic studies in normal and hypertensive men past
      forty, as well as studies in experimental Hyp with LVH and without CCF were
      carried out. Heart X-ray evaluation is not a functional one. Some non-invasive
      methods in men do not determine an accurate evaluation of LV performance. The
      increase of LV muscular mass alone cannot explain the ECG changes in LVH in Hyp
      without CCF. Two conditional adaptive mechanisms: the liberation of
      catecholamines from the myocardium storage, induced by the pressure overload
      stress, and the increase of intracellular Ca++ influx could contribute to the
      respective ECG changes.

PMID- 154677
TI  - [Pharmacodynamic action and hepato-renal homeostatic adaptive effect of the
      administration of certain sodium chloride solutions].

PMID- 154678
TI  - Effects of some prostaglandins on the main phosphorylating, electron transporting
      and peroxidative systems of the erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - Investigations regarding the main biochemical systems of the erythrocyte membrane
      were performed on rat erythrocyte ghosts after treating the animals with PGA1,
      PGE1 and PGF2alpha. These investigations have shown that the prostaglandins which
      were found to induce changes in the erythrocyte flexibility (PGE1 and PGF2ALPHA)
      also induce significant changes in the concentrations of lipid peroxides, SH
      groups, proteins and nicotinamide adenine nucleotides, as well as in the activity
      of some electron transportors belonging to the nicotinamide proteins, in the
      erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 154679
TI  - Resection of a massive arteriovenous malformation of the head and neck.
AB  - We report a patient with a massive arteriovenous malformation of the head and
      neck treated by surgical extirpation of the lesion. Arteriography, hypotensive
      hypothermic anesthesia, and the intraoperative use of the Doppler flowmeter were
      most helpful in this case.

PMID- 154680
TI  - Cultural effect on attitudes toward labels.

PMID- 154681
TI  - Community Living Skills Assessment Inventory: an instrument to facilitate
      deinstitutionalization of the severely developmentally disabled.

PMID- 154682
TI  - Studies on human blood platelets in affective disorder.
AB  - Platelets were examined to enable a simultaneous investigation to be made of
      indolylamine and electrolyte metabolism in affective disorder. No significant
      differences were detected in either platelet membrane ATPase or adenyl cyclase
      specific activity in any of the groups of patients studied, when compared with
      appropriate controls. A reduced Vmax and y for the 5-hydroxy-tryptamine uptake
      process into platelets was observed in both unipolar and bipolar depressed
      groups. The Km for this process was not significantly different in any of the
      patients from that found in control subjects. Lithium therapy was shown not to
      influence significantly any of the platelet parameters examined. It is suggested
      that membrane enzyme changes found in some peripheral cells in patients suffering
      from affective disorder, i.e. reduced Na+ + K+ - ATPase activity in erythrocytes
      in depression, is not common to all peripheral cells and may or may not reflect
      central nervous system changes.

PMID- 154683
TI  - Voluntary control of electrogastric activity.
AB  - The tonic component of the electrogastrogram (EGG) has been shown to
      differentiate duodenal ulcer patients from healthy individuals (15). It has
      therefore been of considerable interest to investigate the possibility that
      individuals can learn to modify electrogastric activity. Using a discriminative
      conditioning paradigm with analogue feedback (Experiment I), subjects were
      generally unsuccessful at controlling tonic EGG activity. However, when the
      conditioning paradigm was altered (Experiment II) it was clear that subjects were
      able to modify specific electrogastric changes. In addition to EGG, heart rate,
      respiration, abdominal muscle activity, and digital blood flow were measured in
      order to assess the physiological concomitants of learned control of
      gastrointestinal activity. Subjects who evidenced discriminative control also
      showed the least amount of abdominal muscle activity and reported being the most
      relaxed. The results of these studies suggest that exploration of the
      physiological processes underlying the electrical activity of the
      gastrointestinal system and the ability of individuals to modify this activity
      may lead to significant clinical and theoretical advances.

PMID- 154684
TI  - [Difficulties in expertise on confectionery-caries].

PMID- 154685
TI  - [Efficient analgesia with laughing gas].

PMID- 154686
TI  - [The mentally as well as the physically handicapped have right to dental care.
      Expansion of dental care for the handicapped in the federal jurisdiction].

PMID- 154687
TI  - [Hormone effect on the circadian rhythm of cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity].

PMID- 154688
TI  - The effect of EDTA on the histochemical myofibrillar ATPase reaction.
AB  - The effects of different salts and concentrations of ethylene diamine tetraacetic
      acid (EDTA) on the histochemically demonstrable myofibrillar ATPase reaction have
      been investigated. Serial frozen sections from the vastus lateralis muscle of
      rats, rabbits and guinea pigs were treated with cold (4 degrees) dipotassium EDTA
      solution and then incubated for myofibrillar ATPase activity. The results showed
      that all type I muscle fibres exhibited enhanced ATPase activity while type II
      fibres demonstrated either very low, moderate or intense reaction suggesting the
      existence of three different sub-populations. None of these effects was observed
      if the sections were immersed in magnesium chloride solution after preincubation
      in cold diK+ EDTA. Preincubation in cold non-ionic EDTA, disodium or tetrasodium
      EDTA did not affect the regular ATPase reaction pattern, while preincubation in
      warm (19 degrees--21 degrees C) solutions of the same salts resulted in reversal
      of the regular pattern of ATPase activity. The present histochemical data
      emphasise the importance of K+, Mg++ and temperature during preincubation of
      muscle fibres in EDTA before the demonstration of myofibrillar ATPase activity.
      Moreover, preincubation in a cold solution of diK+ EDTA may be valuable in the
      histochemical detection of distinct sub-populations of type II muscle fibres and
      certainly distinguished between type II white and type II red.

PMID- 154689
TI  - [Histochemical studies of healing fascial tissue].

PMID- 154690
TI  - Vertebrate fusimotor neurones and their influences on motor behavior.

PMID- 154691
TI  - [Epidermopoietin--a hypothetical psoriatogenic factor].

PMID- 154693
TI  - [Experimental study of lumbar disk replacement].

PMID- 154692
TI  - [Motion picture study of the lumbar spine and lateral inflexion in normal
      subjects and in patients].

PMID- 154694
TI  - [Osteosynthesis using variably flexible plates. Theoretical study and physical
      testing].

PMID- 154695
TI  - [Sliding knee arthroplasty with a "geometric" prosthesis].

PMID- 154696
TI  - [Knee arthroplasty using the Freeman-Swanson total prosthesis].

PMID- 154697
TI  - [Tibia lengthening in children. Results and complications].

PMID- 154698
TI  - [Treatment of idiopathic evolutional scoliosis with night-time vertebral traction
      and dynamic traction].

PMID- 154699
TI  - [Bone perfusion and its variations determined with radioisotope methods].

PMID- 154700
TI  - [Reliability of the radioactive fibrinogen test for the detection of venous
      thrombosis following total hip prosthesis].

PMID- 154701
TI  - [Porous metal total hip prosthesis without cement].

PMID- 154702
TI  - [Thromboembolism risk and its prevention in orthopedic surgery (round table
      discussion)].

PMID- 154703
TI  - [The rheumatoid knee. Clinical and radiological studies (proceedings)].

PMID- 154704
TI  - [The rheumatoid knee. Surgical synovectomy (proceedings)].

PMID- 154705
TI  - [The rheumatoid knee. Correction of deformities (proceedings)].

PMID- 154706
TI  - [The rheumatoid knee. Rheumatoid polyarthritis and sliding prosthesis
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 154707
TI  - [Medical orthopedics of the rheumatoid knee (proceedings)].

PMID- 154708
TI  - [Functional incidence of the knee's involvement in rheumatoid polyarthritis
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 154709
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in loosening of metal-on-metal total hip
      prosthesis].

PMID- 154710
TI  - [Total hip prosthesis with lowering and bony support].

PMID- 154711
TI  - [Treatment of fragments, loss of bony substance and pseudarthrosis of femur and
      tibia using screw fixation (40 cases)].

PMID- 154712
TI  - [External fixation device in the treatment of severe injuries of the extremities
      caused by war projectiles. Continuous series of 500 cases].

PMID- 154713
TI  - [Bipolar fixation in the treatment of fractures of the lower end of the radius].

PMID- 154714
TI  - [Bilboquet's osteosynthesis in open fractures and compound injuries of the hand].

PMID- 154715
TI  - [Biological fixation of total hip arthroplasty without cement. Initial evaluation
      of 200 madreporic prostheses].

PMID- 154716
TI  - [Galeazzi's fracture-dislocation].

PMID- 154717
TI  - [Post-traumatic fat embolism (21 treated cases during 4 years)].

PMID- 154718
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of benign skeletal cartilaginous tumors].

PMID- 154719
TI  - [Interactions between bone and polyethylene moving against it].

PMID- 154720
TI  - [Distribution of surface pressure on models of MacKee-Farrar type total hip
      prosthesis].

PMID- 154721
TI  - [Use of catgut for decreasing exothermic reactions of cements].

PMID- 154722
TI  - [Experimental studies with new resins for arthroplasty fixation. Preliminary
      results].

PMID- 154723
TI  - [Biodegradable implants in orthopedic surgery].

PMID- 154724
TI  - [Initial experience with tomodensitometry in osteoarticular and muscular
      diseases].

PMID- 154725
TI  - [Relationship between some health indicators of physical, mental well-being and
      handicaps in the aged (author's transl)].
AB  - The health status of 1,025 senior urban citizens was determined by a
      questionnaire based on the subjects' view of physical, mental and global well
      being and of dependency (indicators of Belloc and all., Berkman, Grogono and
      Woodgate, Linn). The significant correlation was observed between different
      health indicators. However, these correlations are not strong enough to allow the
      explanation of one indicator by the others. The mental well-being is most
      independent of all other health measurements under study. The valuable
      information on the prevalence of some health limitations in the population is
      given by the constituents of the health indexes used. On the contrary, a more
      complete view of the health of the population should be obtained by the non
      correlated methods of measurement. The situation may vary following the
      epidemiological characteristics of the population studied.

PMID- 154726
TI  - [Claude Bernard: curare and anesthesia].

PMID- 154727
TI  - [Calcium and its relation with pachycurares].

PMID- 154728
TI  - [Laparoscopic sterilization for medical indication (author's transl)].

PMID- 154729
TI  - Pathological staging in adult previously untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

PMID- 154730
TI  - [The individual provision of the disabled with invalid chairs and vehicles as
      seen from the viewpoint of a physician (author's transl)].

PMID- 154731
TI  - [Handicapped youths bid farewell to Friedehorst].

PMID- 154732
TI  - Physically disabled people living at home: a study of numbers and needs.

PMID- 154733
TI  - [Extrapyramidal system and oculomotor function].

PMID- 154734
TI  - [Information and the handicapped].

PMID- 154735
TI  - A psychiatric study of patients with persistent low back pain.

PMID- 154736
TI  - Paretic ischiadic syndrome.

PMID- 154737
TI  - Dependence of spectrin organization in red blood cell membranes on cell
      metabolism: implications for control of red cell shape, deformability, and
      surface area.

PMID- 154738
TI  - Miscellaneous localized conditions: a whirlwind review of the "Oh My Aching Back"
      syndrome.

PMID- 154739
TI  - Calcium transport and release by sarcoplasmic reticulum: a mini-review.

PMID- 154740
TI  - [Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 154741
TI  - [Ways in improvement of the surgical service in the RSFSR].

PMID- 154742
TI  - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with mechanical
      jaundice].

PMID- 154743
TI  - [Drug hypersensitivity].

PMID- 154744
TI  - [General dental anesthesia for handicapped and dentophobias].

PMID- 154745
TI  - Number of people and number of generations affected by a single deleterious
      mutation.

PMID- 154746
TI  - Equilibrium distributions for deleterious genes in large stationary populations.

PMID- 154748
TI  - The effect of aerosol ipratropium bromide and salbutamol on exercise tolerance in
      chronic bronchitis.
AB  - In a double-blind placebo controlled trial in 24 patients fulfilling the MRC
      criteria for chronic bronchitis, ipratropium bromide 40 microgram and salbutamol
      200 microgram produced similar and significant (P less than 0.001) increases in
      forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). A
      greater increase in FEV1 and FVC was seen when both drugs were used together, but
      this increase did not differ significantly from that produced by either drug
      alone. Salbutamol increased 12-minute walking distance significantly (P less than
      0.001) by 62 +/- 15 metres, whereas the increase of 43 +/- 15 metres observed
      after ipratropium was not significant (P less than 0.05). With both drugs in
      combination 12-minute walking distance increased by 72 +/- 15 metres, but this
      change was not significantly different from that observed with salbutamol alone.
      If aerosol bronchodilators in the doses used in this study are to be given with a
      view to improving exercise tolerance in such patients than salbutamol would
      appear to be the aerosol of choice.

PMID- 154747
TI  - Sodium cromoglycate and ipratropium bromide in exercise-induced asthma.
AB  - In thirteen patients with extrinsic asthma the effects of placebo, sodium
      cromoglycate, ipratropium bromide, and ipratropium bromide plus sodium
      cromoglycate were studied in a random double-blind fashion to assess their
      inhibitory action in exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Exercise testing consisted of
      steady state running on an inclined treadmill for up to eight minutes. In eight
      of the 13 patients studied the baseline ratio of expiratory flow at 50% vital
      capacity (VC) breathing helium-oxygen (V50He) to V50air was over 1.20 and they
      were called responders; the remaining five patients were called non-responders.
      There was a significantly lower baseline maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEF)
      in non-responders (P less than 0.02) as compared to responders but no difference
      in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC).
      Sodium cromoglycate (P less than 0.02), ipratropium bromide (P less than 0.01),
      and ipratropium bromide plus spdium cromoglycate (P less than 0.01) all
      significantly inhibited the percentage fall in FEV1 after exercise in the
      responders. Ipratropium bromide had no preventive action on non-responders,
      unlike sodium cromoglycate (P less than 0.05) and ipratropium bromide plus sodium
      cromoglycate (P less than 0.02). It is postulated that mediator release is an
      important factor in development of EIA in most extrinsic asthmatics, whereas
      cholinergic mechanisms are relevant only in those patients in whom the main site
      of airflow obstruction is in the large central airways.

PMID- 154749
TI  - Natural oestrogen in the female climacteric--influence on blood coagulation and
      fibrinolysis.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect on blood coagulation
      and fibrinolysis of a natural oestrogen preparation, piperazine oestrone
      sulphate, prospectively in menopausal women. Scopolamine was given to the control
      group. The women were investigated before and during treatment with regard to
      factors VIII, VII, X, V, fibrinopeptide A, antithrombin III, plasminogen, rapid
      antiplasmin and alpha 1-antitrypsin. There was no significant change towards
      hypercoagulability or decreased fibrinolysis in any group. In the oestrogen
      group, however, a tendency towards an increased level of plasminogen and a
      decreased level of antiplasmin was demonstrated. In the scopolamine group there
      was an unexpected fall in factors X and V and also in plasminogen and alpha 1
      antitrypsin. A low level of some blood coagulation factors in some of the women
      before treatment is somewhat astonishing; none of them had any history of
      excessive bleeding.

PMID- 154750
TI  - Studies on the structure of the fragment D moiety of abnormal fibrinogens:
      influence of calcium ions.

PMID- 154751
TI  - Studies on plasma antiplasmin activity using a new plasmin specific chromogenic
      tripeptide substrate.

PMID- 154752
TI  - The detection of neoantigenic sites on the D-dimer peptide isolated from plasmin
      digested cross linked fibrin.

PMID- 154753
TI  - [The handicapped and society].

PMID- 154754
TI  - The effect of renal cation transport inhibition on cephaloridine nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 154755
TI  - [Dental care for the severely multi-handicapped].

PMID- 154756
TI  - Occurrence of hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with Down's syndrome.

PMID- 154758
TI  - [80th anniversary of Leningrad Ophthalmological Society].

PMID- 154757
TI  - [Occurence of nickel allergy in female hospital patients].

PMID- 154759
TI  - [Significance of individual factors in forming the incidence of neurosensory
      hearing loss].

PMID- 154760
TI  - [Iuna Izrailovich Datkhaev (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 154761
TI  - The ultrastructure of myxofibrosarcoma. A study of 11 cases.

PMID- 154762
TI  - Immunohistologic detection of immunoglobulins in malignant lymphomas and its
      value in histopathologic diagnosis.

PMID- 154764
TI  - The basement membrane in experimentally induced atypias and carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix in mice. An immunofluorescence study.
AB  - Basement membrane-specific antigens of the squamous epithelium of the uterine
      cervix were investigated in 19 normal mice, in 7 mice with cervical atypia and in
      3 mice with invasive carcinoma. Cervical atypia and carcinoma were induced by
      local application of benzo(a)pyrene. Basement membrane-specific antigens were
      demonstrated by immunofluorescence with sera from patients with bullous
      pemphigoid. Both normal squamous cervical epithelium and atypical cervical
      epithelium showed the presence of a continuous, clearly delineated basement
      membrane. Clusters of invasive squamous carcinoma were also surrounded by a
      fluorescent basement membrane which, however, appear fragmented or discontinuous.
      The results suggest that the ability of cervical squamous cells to secrete
      basement membrane antigens is not completely lost during carcinogenesis, thus
      substantiating our previous observations in the cervix of human subjects.

PMID- 154763
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence of myofibroblasts in pseudomalignant myositis
      ossificans.
AB  - Seven cases of pseudomalignant ossifying myositis with a typical clinical
      symptomatology have been reported. None of the cases had experienced an injury.
      All the lesions were intramuscular and all of them showed a zonal arrangement.
      Electron microscopy in three cases allowed the demonstration of cells showing
      morphological features of myofibroblasts and monocytic cells of the macrophage
      type. These previously unreported features together with the zonal pattern of the
      lesions indicate their reparative nature.

PMID- 154765
TI  - [Ameloblastoma with metastases in a child. Light- and electron microscopic
      findings (author's transl)].

PMID- 154766
TI  - [Ultrastructural observations on transitional cloacogenic carcinomas of the ano
      rectal region (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of four transitional cloacogenic
      carcinomas (TCC) are presented with particular reference to electron microscopy.
      The incidence of this tumour is 1.4% of all ano-rectal neoplasms. Three cases
      showed a gross appearance similar to the common rectal neoplasms. One tumour
      presented without an intraluminal lesion, but infiltrated the bowel wall and the
      anal glands. TCC show a distinct histological pattern. The degree of
      differentiation of the basic transitional cell component determines the "grading"
      of the lesion. We distinguish between grade I, II and III. Grade I lesions show
      uniform polygonal cells with only occasional mitotic figures. There is distinct
      palisading of the nuclei of the peripheral tumour cell layers. Grade II lesions
      are characterized by partial or total loss of the peripheral palisading. Grade
      III lesions are extremely anaplastic ("oat cell" carcinoma). This histological
      classification correlates well with the prognosis. Electron microscopic
      investigation of TCC revealed the ultrastructural features of basal cells. The
      uniform tumour cells with large nuclei contain tonofibrils, desmosomes and hemi
      desmosomes, free ribosomes, and relatively few other organelles. We did not find
      keratinocytes or keratohyalin granules in these four cases of TCC. It is
      emphasized that TCC of the ano-rectal region differ fundamentally from the
      basalcell carcinomas of the skin in their biological behaviour.

PMID- 154767
TI  - Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland and atresia of the common bile ducts of
      a five year old boy.
AB  - We present a case of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland with pulmonary
      metastases in a 5 year old boy. The child also suffered from atresia of the
      gallbladder and the common bile ducts with biliary cirrhosis of the liver and
      died from hepatic insufficiency. Possible correlations between childhood thyroid
      carcinoma and congenital malformations are discussed.

PMID- 154768
TI  - [Huntington's disease].

PMID- 154769
TI  - [Effectiveness of the comprehensive treatment by rhonidase electrophoresis and
      Tbilisi sulfide baths of elderly patients suffering from osteoarthrosis
      deformans].

PMID- 154770
TI  - [Experience with the balneological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis at a
      Republic hospital].

PMID- 154771
TI  - [Disorders of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism in Down's syndrome].
AB  - Content of phenylalanine and tyrosine was increased in blood serum in mongolism.
      When 4 patients with mongolism and 10 healthy persons were loaded with 1
      phenylalanine, content of the amino acid in blood serum of patients exceeded 1.5-
      2-fold that found in healthy persons within 4 and 6 hrs after the treatment. The
      hydroxylation rate of phenylalanine was lower in mongolism as compared to normal
      state; it corresponded to the rate of phenylalanine hydroxylation in atypical
      homo- and heterozygote patients bearing "phenylketonuria" gene and in patients
      with viral hepatitis. Concentration of tyrosine was distinctly higher in the
      impaired patients within 2--6 hrs after the loading as compared with the healthy
      persons. But content of tyrosine was increased only slightly in patients with
      mongolism during the loading and excretion of homogentisinic acid with urine was
      decreased. These data suggest that activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase system
      is impaired in liver tissue in mongolism. Excretion of phenylpyruvic acid with
      urine was not observed in the patients and healthy persons both before and during
      the amino acid loading. The data obtained suggest that impairment of
      phenylalanine and tyrosine turnover in mongolism appears to be one of the factors
      responsible for disturbance of neurotransmitter synthesis and to be related to
      development of mental retardation.

PMID- 154773
TI  - [State of the red blood in children suffering from bronchial asthma treated by
      the mountain climate of the Mount Elbrus region].

PMID- 154772
TI  - [Effect of thyroid hormones on the calcium pump in sarcoplasmic reticulum].
AB  - In vitro thyroxine inhibited accumulation of Ca2+ by fragments of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum, isolated from rabbit sceletal muscles. The inhibitory effect of
      thyroxine was responsible for its direct action on Ca2+ dependent ATPase. Half
      maximal inhibition of the enzymatic activity occurred at the same concentrations
      of thyroxine using both membrane-bound and highly purified solubilized forms of
      Ca2+-ATPase (15--20 micrometer and 10 micrometer of the hormone, respectively).
      Triiodothyronine was similar in the effect but not diiodothyrosine, which did not
      possess the hormonal activity. The data obtained suggest that thyroid hormones
      affect the mechanism of dephosphorylation in ATP-hydrolase reaction.

PMID- 154774
TI  - [Work capacity of patients with primary and secondary arthrosis deformans].

PMID- 154775
TI  - [Combined treatment of rheumatological patients at a health resort].

PMID- 154776
TI  - [Detection of early stages of ischemic heart disease in a medical district].

PMID- 154777
TI  - [Omphalocele and gastroschisis: clinical differences and surgical considerations.
      A ten year review (author's transl)].
AB  - 31 infants with anterior abdominal wall defects were treated over the past 10
      years. Despite the falling birth rate gastroschisis occurred almost twice as
      often as omphalocele (19 and 12 cases, respectively). The mortality rate of 71%
      in omphalocele were related to large defects, rupture of the sac and associated
      cardiac malformations. The 73% incidence of prematurity, additional malformations
      and sepsis contributed to the mortality rate of 58% in gastroschisis.

PMID- 154778
TI  - [Clinical results and hormonal aspects of the treatment of virilizing symptoms in
      women with cyproterone acetate (author's transl)].
AB  - 28 cases of moderate to severe hirsutism, two cases of acne and one case of
      axilary hidrosadenitis were tested continuously on average over 6 months by the
      daily administration of 100 mg cyproterone acetate. This drug was then given
      together with 1-2 mg oestradiol valerate over a further 6 month period by
      reversed sequential therapy. The effect of treatment was judged as being moderate
      only in 7 cases of idiopathic and one case of adrenal hirsutism and good in the
      remaining cases. However, this regimen caused a marked lowering of the urinary
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and low polar oestrogen levels and also the
      plasma testosterone level. At the same time, according to preliminary results,
      the fraction of sex hormone binding globulin was raised. The plasma
      hydrocortisone level was depressed by about 20%. The fractions of 17-KS and 17
      KGS decreased slightly at first, but then returned to normal. The side effects of
      continuous treatment were mainly gestagenic and of reversed sequential therapy
      mainly oestrogenic in nature. The continuation rate was 81% during a treatment
      period of two years.

PMID- 154779
TI  - [Tbual Sterilization (author's transl)].
AB  - During the years 1975, 1976 and 1977 2481 tubal sterilizations were performed,
      either simultaneously with gynaecological operations or Caesarian sections, as an
      independent operation post partum or by laparoscopy. Unipolar, bipolar or
      thermocoagulation was used for tubal occlusion. Primary surgical complications
      occurred in 0.36% of the patients. Until March 31st, 1978 6 women (0.24%) became
      pregnant after tubal coagulation; so far 2 women have asked for reversal of the
      operation. From the surgical point of view, on the basis of the basis of these
      figures, it is a low-risk, dependable (Pearl index 0.13), irreversible method of
      contraception.

PMID- 154780
TI  - [Initial results of laparoscopic tubal sterilization].

PMID- 154781
TI  - [Epidemiology of occupational dermatoses with special reference to chemical
      exposure].

PMID- 154782
TI  - [The Sezary syndrome--an erythrodermic T-cell-lymphoma].
AB  - Report on a 75-year-old patient with Sezary syndrome which is characterized by
      the following leading symptoms: Erythrodermia, leukocytosis, circulating atypical
      lymphocytes with cerebriformous nuclei (Sezary cells) and swollen lymph nodes.
      Light microscopic and electron microscopic findings refer to a transitory
      situation of the Sezary cells from the reactive character to the (pre)neoplastic
      one. The disease is classified by T-(helper)cells as a low grade non-Hodgkin
      lymphoma in parallel to mycosis fungoides and in general it finishes lethally
      after a course of 5 to 8 years. Apart from local steroid ointments and UV
      irradiations the internal application of steroids, in the late stage if necessary
      in combination with cytostatics is recommended for therapy.

PMID- 154783
TI  - [Transient systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve (SAM) without
      asymmetric septal hypertrophy (case report with post-mortem examination)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Typical SAM of the mitral valve was detected by echocardiography in a 71-year-old
      patient with acute myocardial infarction. The patient showed auscultation signs
      of IHSS and was digitalized and hypovolemic secondary to diarrhea. Following
      rehydration and digitalis being discontinued, SAM was no longer seen. There were
      no signs of IHSS at post-mortem examination. This case demonstrates that
      obstruction of left ventricular outflow tract together with echocardiographical
      findings of SAM and the typical clinical signs of IHSSS may be observed without
      the presence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy. This supports the hypothesis that
      ejection dynamics in a small and asynergically contracting left ventricle may
      contribute substantially to the appearance of SAM. On the other hand
      echocardiographic findings of SAM without asymmetric septal hypertrophy may not
      exclude symptoms of IHSS.

PMID- 154784
TI  - [Rehabilitation and social security].

PMID- 154785
TI  - [Late diagnosis in congenital diaphragmatic hernia and diaphragmatic relaxation].

PMID- 154786
TI  - [Diane. The causal therapy of acne vulgaris in the female].

PMID- 154787
TI  - [Behavior of various hydrolases and oxidoreductases during the various phases of
      spermatogenesis].

PMID- 154788
TI  - [Morphology and histochemistry of Arteriae helicinae (mouse)].

PMID- 154789
TI  - [Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome in dogs].

PMID- 154790
TI  - [Modification of liver proliferation using organ decay products in baby rats].

PMID- 154791
TI  - [Cell membrane phosphatase activity in mammary gland cancer].

PMID- 154792
TI  - [Ploidy pattern and cell number in hearts with cardiomyopathies].

PMID- 154793
TI  - [Bushke-Fisher keratoderma of the palms and soles].

PMID- 154794
TI  - [Occupational skin diseases in a large industrial center].

PMID- 154795
TI  - [Fucidin in topical treatment of patients with pyoderma and acne].

PMID- 154796
TI  - [Mechanism of the sensitizing action of polyester varnishes and the ways to
      prevent occupational allergic dermatoses].

PMID- 154797
TI  - [Combined forms of occupational dermatoses].

PMID- 154798
TI  - [Treatment of experimental immune complex nephritis with indomethacin].
AB  - Functional, histological and immune-histological examination were performed in
      altogether 64 Wistar-rats, in order to control the effect of a therapy with 2
      mg/kg per body weight indomethazine lasting 2 months at the model of an
      experimental immune complex nephritis. In 44 rats after presensibilisation an
      immune complex nephritis was performed by intraperitoneal injections with human
      serum albumin which were repeated three times a week. 24 glomerulonephritis
      animals and other 20 animals without glomerulonephritis were daily administered
      indomethazin through a tube probe, the remaining 20 animals with
      glomerulonephritis served as untreated control groups. The excretion function of
      the kidney was tested before the beginning of the experiment, 2 weeks after the
      beginning of the therapy and the regular serum injections, respectively, and
      before the end of the experiment by determination of the biological half-life
      period of 131J-hippuran. In every case one day before this the proteinuria during
      24 hours was determined. At the end of the experiment the kidneys were examined
      histologically and immune-histologically. The results showed that indomethazin
      does not lead to a clear influence on the proteinuria in the immune complex
      nephritis of the rat. The excretion of 131J-hippuran was significantly
      restricted, whereas the histological and immune-histological preparations in the
      animals with foreign serum injections showed clear changes of the glomeruli in
      the sense of an early stage of the immune complex nephritis, however, they did
      not show any essential influence by indomethazin. That is, indomethazin had
      altogether no favourable effect on the immune complex nephritis of the rat.

PMID- 154799
TI  - [Morphology of retained canines in Down's syndrome].

PMID- 154800
TI  - [State of health among students of prolonged-day schools in the city of
      Leningrad].

PMID- 154801
TI  - [Periods for issuing hospital excuse passes and other documents on temporary work
      incapacity].

PMID- 154802
TI  - [Work of the All-Russian Medical Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists].

PMID- 154804
TI  - [Increasing the role of community health inspectors in ongoing health
      inspection].

PMID- 154803
TI  - [Experience in organizing the rehabilitation of patients with severe skull and
      brain injury].

PMID- 154805
TI  - [Experience in organizing the examination of pregnant women in a rural locality].

PMID- 154806
TI  - [Improvement in higher medical education].

PMID- 154807
TI  - [Quality of specialists training in internship].

PMID- 154808
TI  - [Role of the problem-oriented commission and of the head institute in raising the
      effectiveness of hygienic research in the RSFSR].

PMID- 154809
TI  - [Problems in the development of rural public health].

PMID- 154810
TI  - [Pressing problems in the activities of the pathologicoanatomic service of the
      RSFSR].

PMID- 154811
TI  - [Medicosocial reasons for limiting the birth rate].

PMID- 154812
TI  - [Experience in using the technical means of programmed instruction for raising
      the qualifications of the medical personnel in outpatient establishments].

PMID- 154813
TI  - [Structure of the traumatism in the spinning manufactures of the cotton
      industry].

PMID- 154814
TI  - [First cases of isolation of the agent of pseudotuberculosis from humans in Alma
      Ata].

PMID- 154815
TI  - [Distribution of respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae among the
      population of the Abkhaz ASSR from 1971 to 1975].

PMID- 154816
TI  - [Immunoglobulin content in persons with a varying donor record].
AB  - The blood level of IgA, IgG Igm, and protein in male donors was studied in
      connection with the duration of the donor's activity. The content of the main
      blood immunoglobulin classes and proteins depended significantly on the duration
      of the donor's activity. Therefore it is not recommended to use donors as control
      group in determining the immunoglobulin level in the blood.

PMID- 154818
TI  - Modification of yeast phosphofructokinase by trypsin and subtilisin in the
      presence of effectors.
AB  - Yeast phosphofructokinase was subjected to limited proteolysis by trypsin in the
      presence of different effectors. It could be demonstrated that the substrates
      MgATP and fructose-6-phosphate are able to protect the enzyme from inactivation
      by trypsin. Other effectors like AMP, ADP, phosphoenolpyruvate, citrate and
      ammonium ions exhibit only negligible effects. During the first step of
      degradation consisting in the conversion of the subunits from Mr 120,000 to
      90,000 no significant effects of the substrates and effectors on the proteolytic
      inactivation of yeast phosphofructokinase can be observed. In the presence of ATP
      as well as of ADP the sensitivity of the enzyme against ATP inhibition is either
      not or only slightly influenced by proteolytic modification. The modified enzyme
      retains its sensitivity against activation by AMP, independently of whether
      effectors are present or absent during proteolysis. The kinetic parameters of the
      enzyme modified by subtilisin in the presence of ATP or of fructose-6-phosphate
      have been determined.

PMID- 154817
TI  - [Determinant factor and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].
AB  - A clinico-epidemiological and genealogical analysis of 182 patients with
      disseminated sclerosis, living in climatogeographical conditions of Tadjikistan
      permits to assume that disseminated sclerosis is an exogenous intrauterine (but
      not hereditary!), acquired monoetiological disease. At the basis of the
      pathogenesis lies an ectodermal microdysgenesia with a selective lesion of the
      embryo oligodendroglia system and an eventual disturbance of postnatal
      myelinopoesis. This condition is due to an exogenous-mutagen (toxico-allergic)
      action of the respective climatogeographical regions of "risk" in relation to
      disseminated sclerosis.

PMID- 154819
TI  - [Treatment Results in patellar chondropathies of children and adolescents
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 154820
TI  - A comparative study of liver blood flow using 133Xenon clearance and
      electromagnetic flowmeter measurements.
AB  - Recent work has shown that the slow components of the multiexponential clearance
      of 133Xenon from the liver are generated by radioactive gas in the stomach and
      intestines, and that the true intraphepatic clearance is monoexponential
      (Mackenzie et al., 1976). In the present study, liver blood flow calculated from
      the fast component of the 133Xenon clearance curve was compared with the total
      hepatic flow recorded with electromagnetic flow probes on the portal vein and
      hepatic artery in 8 dogs. Injections of isotope were made intoe the portal vein,
      and the clearance curves treated simply as biexponentials. A total of 50 pairs of
      blood flow measurements with the two techniques was obtained over a range of
      values from 80 to 1400 ml/min, and a close correlation found between them (r =
      0.91). This result shows that when the clearance rate of the fast component is
      used for the flow calculation, the 133Xenon clearance technique provides an
      accurate measure of liver blood flow.

PMID- 154821
TI  - Viability of lymphocytes in stored blood: their surface markers, mitogenic
      response and MLC reactivity.

PMID- 154823
TI  - Effect of cadmium on changes in concentration of adenine nucleotides induced by
      mitochondria.
AB  - The effect of Cd2+ on the respiration of rat liver mitochondria was investigated.
      The uncoupling effect of Cd2+ was partially restored by the addition of Mg2+. The
      influence of Cd2+ on adenine nucleotide concentrations in the reaction mixture
      consisting of mitochondria and ATP was also studied using high performance liquid
      chromatography. In the presence of added Mg2+, a two-fold increase in AMP
      concentration was brought about by the addition of Cd2+. There was a concomitant
      decrease in ATP. In the prence of added ADP, an increase in AMP concentration was
      also brought about by addition of Cd2+. The results are discussed in relation to
      ATPase and adenylate kinase activity in mitochondria.

PMID- 154822
TI  - Humoral influences on local blood flow and external secretion of the resting dog
      pancreas.
AB  - Graded doses of glucagon (2--8 microgram/kg b. w.), prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (125-
      1000 ng/kg b. w.), caerulein (1--32 ng/kg b. w.) and a synthetic C-terminal
      octapeptide of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK--PZ) 50--400 ng/kg b. w.) were
      infused into the superior pancreatioduodenal artery in chloralose-anaesthetized
      dogs to study the effect on blood flow and external secretion of the resting
      pancreas. Local blood flow was measured by a heated thermocouple inserted into
      pancreatic tissue supplied by the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. Blood flow
      through this artery was measured by electromagnetic flowmeter. Juice was
      collected from the cannulated main pancreatic duct. Each of the four agents
      significantly increased pancreatic blood flow. There was a linear correlation
      between the doses and the blood flow responses. Caerulein and the synthetic C
      terminal octapeptide of CCK--PZ increased the amount of secreted juice from the
      resting pancreas. The C-terminal octapeptide of CCK--PZ elevated the protein
      concentration of the secreted juice in proportion to the dose. Glucagon and PGE1
      did not influence the amount of secreted juice from the resting gland.

PMID- 154824
TI  - Levels of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in Japanese people.
AB  - Levels of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitiy in a sample of
      Japanese people were determined. Blood samples were taken from new-born infants,
      preschool children, young and old people who had no apparent diseases and also
      from three anemic patients. Erythrocyte SOD activities in different age groups
      had a nearly normal distribution. Females had slightly lower activities than
      males, although the difference was statistically insignificant. The distributions
      of SOD activities were 12.6 +/- 2.7 (m +/- SD) unit/mg Hb in young people and
      11.4 +/- 3.0 in old people, indicating that erythrocyte SOD activity falls with
      aging. Because of low concentration of hemoglobin, SOD activities of old people
      expressed as unit/ml blood were much lower than in young people. Three anemic
      patients had slightly lower SOD activity (unit/mg Gb), but the difference was not
      significant.

PMID- 154825
TI  - Fractionation and characterization of euchromatin isolated from mouse ascites
      sarcoma cells.
AB  - Euchromatin specimen prepared by the usual method formed large clumps and had
      various shapes under electron microscopy. A method of separation of the
      euchromatin specimen into chromatin fractions having relatively homogeneous form
      was examined and partial characterization of these fractions was carried out. The
      heavy euchromatin fraction was a large network of thin fibrils (about 100 A in
      diameter) and various thick fibers. The intermediate euchromatin fraction
      consisted of relatively homogeneous networks of thick knobby fibers (about 250 A
      in diameter). The light euchromatin fraction had metworks of thick fibers. These
      chromatin fractions were quantitatively prepared from sonicated nuclei of mouse
      ascites sarcoma cells. Twenty-one or twenty-two bands of non-histone proteins
      besides histones were detected in these chromatin fractions by SDS-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. There were significant differences in the electrophoretic
      patterns of non-histone proteins among these chromatin fractions.

PMID- 154826
TI  - Accumulation of radioisotopes with tumor affinity. I. Uptake and excretion of
      67Ga-citrate in malignant tumors and normal cells.
AB  - Using in vivo and in vitro experimental models, the uptake and excretion of 67Ga
      citrate in tumor cells and normal cells were studied. The time-lapse accumulation
      of 67Ga in the tumor of rats bearing Yoshida sarcoma reached its peak 24 h after
      the administration of 67Ga and gradually decreased thereafter. However, the
      excretion of 67Ga from the tumor was less than that from normal lung. For culture
      cells in vitro, the uptake of 67Ga increased with lapse of contact time between
      67Ga and the cells, but there was no distinct difference between the results of
      tumor cells and normal skin fibroblasts. The excretion of 67Ga from the cells
      tended to decrease with prolongation of the contact time, the excretion from
      tumor cell being only about 10% after a contact time of 24 h. This indicated a
      significant delay in excretion in comparison with that of normal skin
      fibroblasts. This delay in the excretion of 67Ga may be an important factor in
      the tumor accumulation of 67Ga.

PMID- 154827
TI  - Identification of organic sulfur compounds transferred to fish from petroleum
      suspension.
AB  - The authors attempted to determine if the organic sulfur compounds usually
      contained in a crude oil could serve as a marker of oil pollution in fish. Eels
      (Anguilla Japonica Temminck et Schlegel) were maintained in a controlled
      laboratory environment of water with a suspension of crude oil. Gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass chromatography of eel flesh extract
      showed the presence of organic sulfur compounds of alkyl-(from mono- to
      pentametyl) benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophene and alkyl-(from mono- to trimethyl)
      dibenzothiophenes, and other organic sulfur compounds of alkyl-(from mono- to
      pentamethyl) naphthalenes.

PMID- 154828
TI  - An approach to nutritional therapy of hepatic encephalopathy by normalization of
      deranged amino acid patterns in serum.
AB  - A mixture with essential and nonessential amino acids high in branched chain
      amino acids and low in aromatic amino acids (Fischer solution), and another
      synthetic mixture of branched chain amino acids containing 3 amino acids
      associated with the urea cycle (Hep-OU) were infused to control subjects and
      patients with severe hepatic disease. Alterations in serum aminograms, blood
      ammonia levels and electroencephalograms following the infusion were studied and
      compared with those obtained by a commercially available amino acid mixture.
      Short-term or continuous infusion of a commercially available amino acid solution
      to cirrhotic patients caused an increase in methionine, phenylalanine and
      tyrosine and a decrease in branched chain amino acids. These post-infusion
      results were similar to the patterns seen in hepatic encephalopathy. In cirrhotic
      patients, infusion of Fischer solution which contains small quantities of
      methionine and phenylalanine produced an increase in the concentrations of these
      2 amino acids, probably because of impaired utilization by the injured liver. No
      marked alterations in serum aminograms, however, were observed in cirrhotic
      patients either immediately after, or 3 h after, the end of the Hep-OU infusion.
      Reduction of methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine levels and elevation of the
      molar ratio of (valine + leucine + isoleucine)/(phenylalanine + tyrosine) were
      significant. The infusion of Hep-OU to patients with liver cirrhosis or subacute
      hepatitis resulted in clinical and neurological improvements and the restoration
      of the molar ratio of branched chain amino acids/aromatic amino acids.

PMID- 154829
TI  - Low responsiveness of synovial and peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by
      either PHA-P or CON-A in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Lymphocytes were highly purified from synovial fluid and peripheral blood of 10
      rheumatoid arthritis patients and assessed for responsiveness to PHA-P and Con-A.
      In all cases, both synovial and blood lymphocytes showed a marked reduction in
      response to these mitogens compared with normal blood lymphocytes. The factors
      responsible for this low T cell responsiveness are discussed.

PMID- 154830
TI  - The effect of repeated intramuscular gonadotrophin-releasing hormone injections
      on luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, oestrogens,
      dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in normal men.
AB  - The endocrine response to three daily intramuscular injections of 500 microgram
      LH-RH was measured in 9 normal men during a period of 3 days. A marked but
      declining response in LH was seen in addition to a significant increase in the
      serum concentration of FSH, testosterone, oestradiol and the urinary excretion of
      oestrogenic substances. No change could be demonstrated in the DHA, DHAS or
      cortisol secretion which confirms our previous results of a direct effect of
      clomiphene on adrenal steroidogenesis.

PMID- 154831
TI  - The athlete's heart.
AB  - In summary, we have discussed the anatomical and physiologic effects of physical
      training and how they alter the physical examination, thoracic roentgenogram,
      ECG, and echocardiogram of the athlete. The importance of recognizing these
      deviations from "normal" findings is to avoid considering them evidence of
      cardiac disease. On the other hand, it is important to exclude cardiovascular
      disease in those pursuing vigorous athletics because of the potential for sudden
      cardiac death in those with coronary artery, valvular, or myocardial disease.
      Unfortunately, the first manifestation of coronary artery disease may be sudden
      death during athletic performance, a disease not easily detected in asymptomatic
      individuals. Finally, improper training, excessive trauma, and extreme
      environmental conditions may contribute to cardiovascular accidents in the
      competing athlete.

PMID- 154832
TI  - HL-A and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - HL-A antigens were determined in 26 unrelated Japanese patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy. Several antigens were more common in patients compared with
      controls, but statistically significant differences were not evidenced. We also
      studied two families in which many had a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. All the
      affected individuals revealed HL-A-A9 and B7, while none among the unaffected
      family members had HL-A-B7. Our findings suggest that the HLA-A system may play
      some role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with familial
      occurrence.

PMID- 154833
TI  - Sleep apnea and Q-T interval prolongation--a particularly lethal combination.
AB  - We have discovered a 20-day-old infant who possessed anatomic evidence of chronic
      hypoxemia with right ventricular hypertrophy and who died in hypoxic hypoxemia
      with a postmortem PO2 of 4 mm. Hg. Subsequently, and ECG was discovered which had
      been obtained at one day of age and showed Q-T interval prolongation along with T
      wave alternation. We believe this case to be one of the first to substantiate the
      mechanism for SIDS as proposed by Schwartz, 26 with hypoxia acting
      synergistically with a prolonged Q-T interval causing sudden unexpected death in
      this infant--providing a link between cardiac and respiratory mechanisms of
      death.

PMID- 154834
TI  - Post-traumatic coronary occlusion and early left ventricular aneurysm.
AB  - A case of post-traumatic coronary occlusion is presented. A 38-year-old sustained
      a blunt chest trauma with secondary transmural infarct and early evolution toward
      a huge left ventricular aneurysm. Coronary arteriography showed complete
      occlusion to the left anterior descending coronary artery.

PMID- 154835
TI  - Primary amyloid disease of the heart.

PMID- 154836
TI  - Polysomy X masquerading as Down's syndrome: the necessity of being earnest about
      karyotype analysis in the diagnosis of mongolism.

PMID- 154837
TI  - Studies of 16-androstenes in an infant with virilizing adrenal carcinoma.
AB  - An 18-month-old girl with virilization was found to have an encapsulated right
      adrenal carcinoma (2 x3 cm) with great variation in nuclear size, frequent
      mitoses, and possible blood vessel invasion. Preoperative urinary excretions of
      17-ketosteroids, androsterone, etiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone,
      testosterone, pregnanetriol, 3alpha-androstenol, and 3 beta-androstadienol were
      elevated; all showed a noticeable decrease postoperatively. Cortisol acetate,
      given preoperatively, produced a definite decrease in the urinary excretion of 17
      ketosteroids and dehydroepiandrosterone; administration of corticotropin resulted
      in an increase in levels of urinary 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids,
      and pregnanetriol. Urinary testosterone and 3beta-androstadienol may have
      diagnostic value since neither was suppressed by cortisol therapy. The behavior
      of both 3alpha-androstenol and 3beta-androstadienol in this study suggests that
      they are of adrenal origin.

PMID- 154838
TI  - The penta X (49,XXXXX) syndrome: danger of confusing phenotype with mongolism.

PMID- 154839
TI  - Prune belly syndrome.

PMID- 154841
TI  - What happened to mild and moderate mental retardation?

PMID- 154840
TI  - Fate of circulating immune complexes in infective endocarditis.
AB  - To examine the role of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in infective
      endocarditis, we studied 64 patients with infective endocarditis for the presence
      of CIC by the polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-precipitation test and the Clq binding
      test. This study was repeated during the course of the disease in 23 patients.
      CIC were found in 84 per cent of patients (66 per cent with acute infective
      endocarditis, 89 per cent with subacute infective endocarditis) during the active
      phase of the disease. Higer PEG precipitates were associated with typical
      cutaneous signs, cryoglobulins and nonstreptococcic culture-positive infective
      endocarditis. Under appropriate antibiotic treatment, the PEG precipitate levels
      of 17 patients fell within 1 month to the normal range, with a concomitant drop
      in cryoglobulinemia and rheumatoid factor. Conversely, uncontrolled sepsis always
      (six of six) yielded a rising level of CIC. These findings support the hypothesis
      that CIC may be important in the pathogenesis of peripheral lesions in infective
      endocarditis.

PMID- 154842
TI  - Meaning and structure of Down's syndrome and nonretarded children's spontaneous
      speech.

PMID- 154843
TI  - Verbal operants in mothers' speech to nonretarded and Down's syndrome children
      matched for linguistic level.
AB  - Verbal response classes produced by mothers speaking to 21 nonretarded children
      were compared with those of mothers speaking to 21 Down's syndrome children
      matched with them on mean length of utterance. As mean length of utterance
      increased, total verbal response classes increased for both groups of mothers and
      children. Nonretarded children and their mothers produced more echoics; retarded
      children and their mothers produced more intraverbals. The implications of these
      findings were discussed in relation to previous research and the teaching of
      language.

PMID- 154844
TI  - Visual handicaps of mentally handicapped people.
AB  - Recent literature concerning visual handicaps of mentally handicapped people was
      reviewed. Topic areas considered were etiology and epidemiology, visual acuity,
      color vision, and educational techniques. The material considered indicated that
      a large proportion of mentally handicapped people are affected by some form of
      visual handicap and the extent to which further specialization of care and
      training techniques is required in order to limit the extra disadvantages imposed
      by such defects.

PMID- 154846
TI  - Effect of low fibrinogen concentrations on the rheology of human blood in vitro.
AB  - The influence of low concentrations of fibrinogen on the rheology of normal human
      blood was investigated with an instrument that permitted simultaneous
      determination of viscosity and the state of red blood cell aggregation and
      deformation. Fibrinogen, in concentrations of 9-82 mg/100 ml, decreased blood
      viscosity at all shear rates below the value obtained with red blood cells
      suspended in serum. At concentrations above 116 mg/100 ml viscosity was
      increased. Aggregate formation increased progressively as the fibrinogen
      concentration increased, necessitating higher dispersing shear rates. The
      deformation and alignment of the red cells, occurring at a shear rate of 230 s-1,
      was facilitated by low concentrations. The effect of fibrinogen on low-shear
      viscosity is explained by the formation of different kinds of aggregates. At low
      concentrations, the aggregates consist of only few cells forming spherelike
      particles displaying hemodynamic properties better than those of the single
      discoid cells. At normal or high concentrations big rodlike aggregates occur and
      increase resistance to flow.

PMID- 154845
TI  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the dog.
AB  - Clinical and necropsy findings in 10 dogs with a spontaneous primary hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy are described. Each dog had marked cardiac hypertrophy, and 8 dogs
      had disproportionate thickening of the ventricular septum with respect to the
      left ventricular free wall (compared with dogs with normal hearts or with cardiac
      hypertrophy due to acquired or congenital heart disease). Septal:free wall
      thickness ratios in the 10 dogs ranged from 1.1 to 1.5; 6 had ratios greater than
      or equal to 1.3. However, marked cardiac muscle cell disorganization in the
      ventricular septum, characteristic of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,
      was present in only 2 of the 10 dogs. Death occurred most commonly while the dogs
      were under anesthesia during the course of operative procedures (5 dogs) or
      suddenly and unexpectedly in animals without previous symptomatic manifestations
      of cardiac disease (3 dogs). Four dogs had clinical signs of congestive heart
      failure, including 2 with marked cardiac decompensation. In addition, 2 of these
      4 dogs with heart failure and 1 dog without previous symptoms (that died during a
      noncardiac operation) manifested complete heart block. It is conceivable that
      dogs with spontaneous hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may prove useful in the future
      investigations of the clinical, hemodynamic, and pathologic features of this
      disease in humans.

PMID- 154847
TI  - Fiber orientation in hypertrophied canine left ventricle.
AB  - Myocardial fiber orientation was examined in transmural specimens obtained at the
      maximum diameter of the left ventricle from five dogs with pressure-overload
      hypertrophy produced by aortic stenosis, six dogs with volume-overload
      hypertrophy due to an arteriovenous fistula, and six exercise-hypertrophied
      greyhounds trained for racing. Hearts arrested in diastole were fixed in situ
      while the operating end-diastolic pressure was maintained. Fiber orientation
      changed smoothly from about +60 degrees (with respect to the equator) at the
      endocardium to about -69 degrees at the epicardium. The majority of fibers near
      the midwall were oriented circumferentially. These findings are quite similar to
      those previously reported for normal dogs. In comparison to normals, the left
      ventricles from dogs with pressure-overload had an increase in longitudinally
      oriented fibers, i.e. fiber angles between -67.5 degrees and -90 degrees and
      between +67.5 degrees and +90 degrees; these fibers comprised 10.4 +/- 1.8% of
      the total fibers in dogs with aortic stenosis vs. 2.9 +/- 1.8% of total fibers in
      normal dogs (P less than 0.001). Neither the dogs with volume-overload
      hypertrophy nor exercise-trained animals were significantly different from
      normals.

PMID- 154848
TI  - Effect of implant duration on in vivo sensitivity of electromagnetic flow
      transducers.
AB  - Twenty-three electromagnetic flow transducers with lumen diameters of 3.5-6.0 mm
      were implanted in rhesus monkeys and baboonss for 12 h to 120 days. Each flow
      transducer was calibrated 1) in vitro on dialysis tubing with saline before
      implantation, 2) in vivo the last day of the implant period, and 3) again in
      vitro after the flow transducer was recovered. Three other flow transducers were
      implanted on femoral arteries of baboon just central to an arteriovenous Silastic
      shunt, and were calibrated in vivo daily for 23-47 days. In vitro sensitivity was
      not affected by implant durations of up to 120 days. In vivo sensitivity
      fluctuated unpredictably for the first 3-4 wk of implant, after which it followed
      a systematic course that depended on the lumen size. In vivo sensitivity at any
      time during implant (after the initial period) could be accurately predicted by
      knowing either the in vitro sensitivity or the terminal in vivo sensitivity.

PMID- 154849
TI  - Questioning combat neurosis in teachers.

PMID- 154850
TI  - On leaving the peritoneal cavity open in acute generalized suppurative
      peritonitis.

PMID- 154852
TI  - Femoropopliteal bypass in elderly diabetic patients.

PMID- 154851
TI  - Coverage of exposed vascular conduits.
AB  - When a vascular conduit becomes exposed, it is generally thought that if it is
      not already infected, it will soon become so. The most comprehensive treatment
      would be removal of the prosthesis, debridement of the wound, and extraanatomic
      bypass. Occasionally, however, extraanatomic bypass cannot be done. In such
      cases, local measures, such as skin grafting or skin flap coverage, may be used.
      Our two cases illustrate that these procedures can, on occasion, provide long
      term coverage of exposed vascular conduits.

PMID- 154853
TI  - [Importance of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of gynecologic diseases].

PMID- 154854
TI  - Calcium and glycoprotein metabolism as correlates for ethanol preference and
      sensitivity.
AB  - Enzyme markers associated with calcium and glycoprotein metabolism may be
      correlated with the sensitivity and preference to alcohol in rodent strains.

PMID- 154856
TI  - School nurse: change agent in special education.

PMID- 154855
TI  - [Distribution of 35S labeled sulfated mucopolysaccharides in the recipient eye
      after corneal allografting. Experimental studies in rabbits].
AB  - The release of 35S labeled corneal glycoprotein from an allogenic interlamellar
      corneal graft was studied in randomly selected rabbits. Simultaneously, the
      uptake of 35S by the recipient animal was investigated. These changes followed
      for a period of 80 h indicate that there is a constant 35S release fromthe donor
      cornea and that it is the recipient cornea which takes up the major part of the
      35S from the donor. The iris, choroid, and sclera of the recipient also take up a
      certain percentage of the donor's 35S while the aqueous humor, the optic nerve,
      and the local lymph nodes take up only minimal amounts.

PMID- 154857
TI  - Histochemical characteristics of the masseter and temporalis muscles of the
      rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - The histochemical characteristics, cross-sectional area and capillary of the
      skeletal muscle fibers of the anterior and posterior regions of the superficial
      masseter and the temporalis muscles are described for juvenile and adult rhesus
      monkeys of both sexes. Slow twitch fatigue resistant (S), fast twitch fatigue
      resistant (FR) and fast twitch fatigable (FF) fibers were found in varying
      proportions throughout the muscles; however some fibers with an intermediate
      myofibrillar ATPase activity were observed in the anterior masseter. No
      significant differences for any of the variables were found between male and
      female juveniles for a specific muscle sample site. However, considerable
      variation was found between juvenile and adult and between adult male and female
      monkeys in the percentages of different fiber types and the cross-sectional area
      of fibers in specific regions of the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles.
      We conclude from these observations that significant differences in function
      exist both within and between the different masticatory muscles of rhesus
      monkeys. Functional differences may result from the pronounced sexual dimorphism
      evident in the dentofacial complex of the rhesus monkey.

PMID- 154858
TI  - The effect of dichloromethylene diphosphonate, a pyrophosphate analog, on bone
      and bone cell structure in the growing rat.
AB  - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) is a synthetic compound related in
      structure to inorganic pyrophosphate but is resistant to enzymatic and chemical
      degradation and is known to be a potent inhibitor of bone resorption. The
      administration of 20 mg/kg/day of Cl2MDP for ten days to growing rats results in
      marked increases in metaphyseal mineralized tissue mass due to slowed bone
      resorption. There was an increase in resorption areas covering anorganic bone
      viewed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), however, the resorption pits, or
      Howship's lacunae, in these resorption areas were smaller and less defined than
      those encountered in controls. The appearance of these large areas of poorly
      delineated resorption pits is likely due to an inhibition of bone resorption
      coupled with slow bone formation. Administration of Cl2MDP to growing rats also
      results in an increase in the numbers and size of osteoclasts. Because this would
      appear to be a histological paradox, in view of the ability of Cl2MDP to slow
      bone resorption, the osteoclasts were examined by transmission electron
      microscopy (TEM). The ruffled borders and associated cytoplasmic vacuoles were
      generally less extensive in the Cl2MDP-treated osteoclasts than in controls, even
      though clear zones were frequently seen. Examination of undecalcified light
      microscope sections reveal that the area of bone being degraded by adjacent
      osteoclasts was generally much smaller in the Cl2MDP-treated animals than in
      controls. Thus the collaborating TEM observations of smaller ruffled borders,
      with the SEM observations of smaller, less-defined resorption pits, with the
      light microscope observations of smaller bone areas being degraded by individual
      osteoclasts provide a morphological basis for the observed decreases in bone
      resorption following Cl2MDP administration.

PMID- 154859
TI  - Septal aneurysm and right ventricular obstruction: a case report.
AB  - A 32-year-old man with a history of ventricular septal defect presented with
      systolic and diastolic murmurs and vectocardiographic evidence of right
      ventricular hypertrophy. Echocardiography demonstrated a prominent systolic
      bulging of the interventricular septum into the right ventricle. Left ventricular
      angiograms indicated that the ultrasonic abnormality was based on an aneurysm of
      the membranous septum which produced a 35 mm Hg gradient within the right
      ventricle. After plication of this aneurysm, murmur and abnormal septal
      protrusion were not recorded.

PMID- 154861
TI  - Mechanics of breathing in tetraplegics.

PMID- 154860
TI  - "Steroid-phobia" in asthma management.
AB  - Excellent clinical results were obtained in 85 patients with chronic asthma who
      took corticosteroids (mostly triamcinolone) on a long-term basis for periods
      varying from one to 26 years. There was a minimum of side-effects, none serious;
      the most discomforting were ecchymosis and a tendency to easy bruising. The
      results of this and previous studies have convinced the author that
      corticosteroids, if judiciously used, are the most valuable adjunct we have in
      the treatment of acute and chronic asthma.

PMID- 154862
TI  - Mechanics of specific patterns of respiratory muscle dysfunction [proceedings].

PMID- 154863
TI  - Development of fatigue-resistant muscle fibers in human ventilatory muscles.

PMID- 154864
TI  - Clinical value of observations of chest and abdominal motion in patients with
      pulmonary emphysema.

PMID- 154865
TI  - Function of the diaphragm in patients with severe hyperinflation.

PMID- 154866
TI  - Mechanical interaction between diaphragm and rib cage. Boston view.

PMID- 154867
TI  - Rib cage-diaphragm interaction. Montreal view.

PMID- 154868
TI  - Mechanical properties of the diaphragm and their application to a mathematical
      model.

PMID- 154869
TI  - Reflex changes in diaphragmatic excitation elicited by displacement of the
      diaphragm.

PMID- 154870
TI  - Newly acquired left bundle-branch block: the Framingham study.
AB  - The clinical implications of newly acquired left bundle-branch block (LBBB) were
      examined prospectively in the Framingham Study population. During 18 years of
      observation 55 people developed LBBB. The mean age at the onset of LBBB was 62;
      LBBB occurred largely in people with antecedent hypertension, cardiac
      enlargement, coronary heart disease, or a combination of these. Coincident with
      or subsequent to the onset of LBBB, 48% developed clinical coronary disease or
      congestive failure for the first time. Throughout the entire period of
      observation only 11% remained free of clinically apparent cardiovascular
      abnormalities. Within 10 years of the onset of LBBB, 50% had died from
      cardiovascular diseases. In men, the appearance of LBBB contributed independently
      to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. Comparison with age-
      and sex-matched control subjects free from LBBB confirmed that in the general
      adult population, newly acquired LBBB is most often a hallmark of advanced
      hypertensive or ischemic heart disease, or both.

PMID- 154871
TI  - Dynamic changes of nasal resistance.
AB  - Fifty human subjects were studied and evaluated utilizing posterior
      rhinomanometry techniques. The main purpose of the investigation was to study the
      physiologic dynamic range of nasal resistance so that the data might serve as a
      baseline, not only for evaluation and diagnosis of pathologic states but also for
      the assessment of nasal responses to various physiologic, drug-induced, or
      pathologic challenges. Analysis was divided into two parts: first, the evaluation
      of the average resistance and average change in resistance for each patient, and
      second, determination of the maximal amount of change to be expected over 15
      minute periods in a healthy subject. These studies give the investigator an idea
      of the magnitude of change that one might expect in normal physiologic
      situations, based on the 50 subjects that allowed 1,272 observations for
      justification of the concept of percent change in nasal resistance and not the
      value of nasal resistance alone. We concluded that the physiologic change in
      nasal resistance in a normal individual during a 15-minute interval should be
      less than 53% of the previous observation of nasal resistance. A change greater
      than 53% suggests a significant change that cannot be attributed to physiologic
      variability.

PMID- 154872
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of a topical ethyl lactate treatment of acne vulgaris
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The efficacy of a lotion containing 10 p. 100 ethyl lactate was evaluated in a
      double-blind clinical trail during 8 weeks. Test subjects were 45 male and female
      patients with polymorphous juvenile acne. They were divided into three groups and
      received the following treatments: Group A: oral antibiotic + topical placebo
      lotion. Group B: oral antibiotic + topical ethyl lactate lotion. Group C: topical
      ethyl lactate lotion only. The lotions were applied twice daily with a swab of
      cotton-wool. The antibiotic doses (tetracycline hydrochloride) were decreased as
      the trial progressed. Patients were examined before the trial, then after 1, 2,
      4, 6 and 8 weeks. At each visit, comedones, microcysts, pustules and nodules were
      counted on a skin surface of 9 cm2. Colour photographs were taken before and at
      the end of the trial and served for counting inflammatory lesions. Also, at each
      visit, skin lipids were sampled and analysed by I. R. spectrophotometry in order
      to asses the effect of the treatments on the free fatty acid/triglyceride ratio.
      The treatments showed similar effectiveness as regards comedones and microcysts,
      but only treatments A and B succeeded in reducing the number of inflamed lesions.
      With respect to the latter, the combined treatment B (oral antibiotic + topical
      ethyl lactate lotion)  was more effective than treatment A (oral antibiotic +
      topical placebo); both treatments were more effective than treatment C (topical
      ethyl lactate lotion only). At the end of the trial, all three groups of patients
      showed significant overall improvement, but acne scores (total number of lesions)
      did not differ significantly between treatments. When comparing these results
      with literature data concerning the effects of vitamin A acid and benzoyl
      peroxide, it appears that ethyl lactate is slightly less effective for topical
      treatment of acne than vitamin A acid, but slightly more effective than benzoyl
      peroxide. It should be underlined that ethyl lactate is well tolerated by the
      skin. Analysis of sebum samples failed to yield evidence of a decrease in the
      free fatty acid/triglyceride ratio in skin lipids of the patients irrespective of
      the treatment applied.

PMID- 154873
TI  - [Effect of surface-active antiseptics on plasmid transduction of drug resistance
      and the transducing bacteriophages of staphylococci].
AB  - Anionic surface active substances (SAS), such as sodium alkylsulfates, iodonate,
      sulfanol NP-3 used in subbacteriostatic concentrations lowered at least 100 times
      the intensity of the erythromycin resistance plasmid in vitro on mixed
      cultivation of the staphylococcal cells of the donor (strain 8325/11 de) and the
      recipient (strain 825-1). The cationic SAS, i. e. roc cal, chlorhexidine had no
      such capacity. The above anionic and cationic SAS had an antiphage effect with
      respect to the transducing staphylococcal bacteriophages of the serological group
      B (80, 85, 52A, 53). Such an effect (on the example of sodium alkylsulfates)
      increased with prolongation of the alkyl radical from C8 to C14. A decrease in
      the transduction intensity of the erythromycin resistant plasmid in staphylococci
      was observed in the presence of the anionic SAS either possessing (alkylsulfates,
      iodonate) or not (sulfonol NP-3) the antiphage activity.

PMID- 154874
TI  - Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus phage type 92.
AB  - Methicillin-resistant (Mec(r)) strains of Staphylococcus aureus received for
      phage typing from several hospitals in New York City were resistant to the
      international set of typing phages but susceptible to experimental phage 92.
      Subsequently, strains of type 92 were detected in two outbreaks with Mec(r)
      strains in two other locations in the United States. In all instances, type 92
      was predominant among the Mec(r) strains isolated in each hospital. With the
      exception of one strain, the methicillin resistance of the Mec(r) strains
      investigated was homogeneous. In most instances, isolates from the same hospital
      were closely similar in their antibiotic resistance patterns. The strains
      isolated in New York City could be divided into three groups by the host range of
      their lysogenic phages and by antigenic structure. Transduction experiments
      indicated that the transfer of chromosomal tetracycline resistance from Mec(r)
      strains into a strain susceptible to several international typing phages renders
      the latter nontypable. However, the acceptor strain remains susceptible to
      experimental phages 92 and 88. Transduction of methicillin resistance had no
      effect on the phage susceptibility of the acceptor strain. It is possible that
      the presence of chromosomal tetracycline resistance is a determining factor in
      the phage susceptibility of Mec(r) strains isolated in New York City.

PMID- 154875
TI  - Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. A review and current status.
AB  - Surgical management of the thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm is a formidable
      undertaking. Presently two fairly distinct operative methods are available. The
      conventional technique, pioneered by Etheredge, involves replacement of the
      aneurysm with a synthetic graft and then, step by step, revascularization of the
      abdominal organs with prosthetic side limbs taken from the primary graft.
      Individual organ ischemic time is limited to that time required for the
      performance of each distal side limb anastomosis. The second operative method,
      first described by Crawford, consists of proximal and distal control of the
      aneurysm, followed by its incision to simultaneously expose the origin of all
      four major intra-abdominal arteries. Replacement is then rapidly performed with a
      tubular Dacron graft including anastomosis of these major intra-abdominal
      arteries to four elliptical graft incisions, from within the aneurysm. Total
      operating time is reduced at the expense of prolonged organ ischemia. The
      conventional method allows for step-by-step intraoperative planning and action,
      and this technique is accordingly recommended to most surgeons, who have had
      little experience with this unusual lesion. Our recent successful experience with
      two cases of extensive thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms is described as well as
      a discussion of additional measures which may become useful in certain cases to
      favor a successful outcome. Finally the problem of potential resultant paraplegia
      is discussed.

PMID- 154876
TI  - The value of the electromagnetic flow probe in experimental and clinical
      microvascular anastomosis.
AB  - The Gould Statham Blood Flowmeter Model SP 2204 has been used to assess
      microanastomosis in 25 superficial femoral arteries of rabbits. When a pulsatile
      wave form has been achieved this correlates with a satisfactory anastomosis and
      vice versa. The digital read out of estimated volume flow past the anastomosis
      made by this instrument will need further evaluation. We are persisting with the
      electromagnetic flow probe in the assessment of our clinical microvascular
      anastomoses at operation.

PMID- 154877
TI  - Action of calcium antagonists on microsomal calcium activated ATPase of rat
      aorta.

PMID- 154878
TI  - Some properties of vacuoles isolated from Neurospora crassa slime variant.
AB  - A method for the isolation of vacuoles based on polybase induced lysis of
      protoplasts of the cell wall deficient Neurospora crassa slime variant is
      described. Isolated vacuoles are characterized by 12 to 50 times increased
      specific activities of several hydrolases as compared with the total homogenate
      of protoplasts. Total alpha-amino nitrogen, arginine, and polyphosphate are also
      greatly enriched in these vacuoles. Vacuoles are equipped with a permease for the
      transport of basic amino acids across the tonoplast.

PMID- 154880
TI  - [Methods of the multivariate statistical analysis of so-called polyetiological
      diseases using the example of coronary heart disease].
AB  - General characteristics of the multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) is given.
      Methodical premises and criteria for the selection of an adequate MSA method
      applicable to pathoanatomic investigations of the epidemiology of multicausal
      diseases are presented. The experience of using MSA with computors and standard
      computing programs in studies of coronary arteries aterosclerosis on the
      materials of 2060 autopsies is described. The combined use of 4 MSA methods:
      sequential, correlational, regressional, and discriminant permitted to quantitate
      the contribution of each of the 8 examined risk factors in the development of
      aterosclerosis. The most important factors were found to be the age, arterial
      hypertension, and heredity. Occupational hypodynamia and increased fatness were
      more important in men, whereas diabetes melitus--in women. The registration of
      this combination of risk factors by MSA methods provides for more reliable
      prognosis of the likelihood of coronary heart disease with a fatal outcome than
      prognosis of the degree of coronary aterosclerosis.

PMID- 154879
TI  - Determination of intestinal viability by Doppler ultrasound.
AB  - The Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter was used to determine intestinal serosal and
      mesenteric blood flows in 130 patients who underwent abdominal aortic vascular
      procedures and in 14 patients who underwent general surgical procedures.
      Temporary occlusion of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) during aortic surgery
      resulted in the absence or marked diminution of collateral blood flow over the
      left side of the colon in eight patients. One patient had the flow in the IMA
      preserved by proper placement of an end-to-side aortofemoral Dacron prosthesis,
      whereas the other seven patients underwent replantation of the IMA into the
      Dacron prosthesis. All patients did well postoperatively. In the 14 general
      surgical patients, intestinal viability and collateral mesenteric blood flows
      were determined, which demonstrated that the presence of audible arterial blood
      flow correlated with ultimate bowel viability. We recommend the use of the
      Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter in abdominal aortic revascularization procedures to
      determine the need for IMA reconstruction as well as in general surgical
      procedures where the surgeon desires a more objective assessment of intestinal
      viability.

PMID- 154881
TI  - Computerized tomography in hereditary nonprogressive chorea.
AB  - A 56-year-old woman had a 50-year history of childhood-onset chorea without
      progressive neurologic deficit. The patient's father had a lifelong
      extrapyramidal disorder characterized by a head-nodding tremor and involuntary
      movements especially evident with anxiety. The computerized tomographic scan was
      normal, without evidence of cortical or caudate atrophy. The computerized
      tomographic scan supports the notion of a functional rather than a structural
      lesion, and may aid in the discrimination of hereditary nonprogressive chorea
      from more devastating forms of hereditary chorea.

PMID- 154882
TI  - Notes on the management of Huntington's disease: a brief guide for family
      physicians.

PMID- 154884
TI  - The laying on of hands.

PMID- 154883
TI  - Neurology: a call for uncommon wisdom.

PMID- 154885
TI  - The tortuous tube: pregnancy rate following laparoscopy and hydrotubation.
AB  - 256 infertile women whose ovulatory and related male fertility factors were
      normal were investigated by diagnostic laparoscopy and dye hydrotubation. The
      tubes were objectively classed into 4 groups--normal, patent with macroscopic
      tubal adhesions, patent with one tortuosity, and patent with multiple
      tortuosities. The latter group had a highly significant response to the above
      procedures and 66% were pregnant within 1 year and 81% within 2 years. No
      significant effect was found in the other 3 groups. This multiple tortuosity
      group represents the type of tube that significantly responds to treatment
      inherent in all tubal patency tests. Its pathogenesis and management are
      discussed.

PMID- 154886
TI  - Increasing engagement in a home for the elderly by providing an indoor gardening
      activity.

PMID- 154887
TI  - Photosensitivity of respiration in Neurospora mitochondria. A protective role for
      carotenoid.
AB  - 1. The effect of visible light on respiratory activity was studied in two strains
      of Neurospora crassa, one a wild-type strain able to synthesize carotenoid and
      the other an albino mutant lacking carotenogenic activity. Light had no effect on
      growth under the conditions studied, but inhibited respiration of hyphal
      suspensions. the degree of inhibition being dependent on the carotenoid content
      of the hyphae. 2. In studies of respiration of isolated mitochondria, three types
      of photosensitive site were detected. These were the flavo-protein dehydrogenases
      themselves, a site separate from the latter also associated with the
      dehydrogenase but re-activatable by treatment with a thiol reagent, and the
      respiratory quinone, ubiquinone. Cytochrome oxidase, previously reported as
      photosensitive from many sources, was not appreciably affected by light in these
      preparations. 3. The degree of inactivation of the respiratory quinone was
      dependent on the amount of carotenoid in the preparation, high concentrations of
      the pigment in the mitochondrial membranes providing substantial protection
      against the effect of light. 4. Separation of the inner and outer membranes of
      mitochondria showed that under conditions where carotenoid appears to protect
      quinone, significant amounts are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane,
      oterhwise carotenoid is restricted to the outer membrane.

PMID- 154889
TI  - An inhibitory high affinity binding site for ADP in the oligomycin-sensitive
      ATPase of beef heart submitochondrial particles.

PMID- 154890
TI  - Inhibition of chloroplast coupling factor ATPase by 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl
      adenosine.

PMID- 154891
TI  - Activation of calcium-ATPase of liver plasma membrane by dextran sulfates.

PMID- 154888
TI  - A thermodynamic analysis of the interaction between the mitochondrial coupling
      adenosine triphosphatase and its naturally occurring inhibitor protein.
AB  - 1. The naturally occurring ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase)-inhibitor protein,
      from bovine heart mitochondria, was obtained as a single pure protein. It was not
      identical with any of the five subunits (alpha-epsilon) of the isolated ATPase,
      and appeared to be a single polypeptide chain. 2. The inhibitor combined with the
      ATPase in a 1:1 molar ratio, producing a completely inhibited ATPase molecule.
      The affinity of the ATPase for its inhibitor is high; the K(d) is of the order of
      10(-8)m. 3. The enthalpy of the ATPase-inhibitor complex-formation is positive,
      the value of K(d) decreasing as the temperature is raised. This suggests that the
      forces involved are largely hydrophobic in nature. 4. Hydrolysis of a nucleoside
      triphosphate promoted formation of the ATPase-inhibitor complex, although the
      equilibrium position was almost unaffected by the rate of hydrolysis. At low salt
      concentration, less than 200 turnovers of the ATPase suffice for the ATPase to
      combine with the inhibitor protein. At higher salt concentrations, a larger
      number of turnovers is required. It is suggested that the inhibitor binds to a
      form of the ATPase that is produced transiently during hydrolysis. 5. In the
      presence of 75mm-K(2)SO(4), the rates of association and dissociation are slow
      enough to allow their kinetics to be studied. Association is first-order in
      inhibitor concentration, but fractional order in ATPase concentration.
      Dissociation is first-order in ATPase-inhibitor complex concentration. The
      temperature coefficients of the ;on' and ;off' processes were also measured. 6. A
      simple kinetic model for the ATPase-inhibitor interaction is proposed that can be
      extended to take into account release of inhibitor protein under energized
      conditions on the membrane. 7. The isolated ATPase is inhibited by preincubation
      with Mg(2+), reversible by subsequent addition of EDTA, and by ADP, reversible by
      subsequent addition of ATP. These effects are not found on the membrane-bound
      ATPase. The mechanism of these effects is discussed.

PMID- 154892
TI  - Differential effect of ethacrynic acid on microsomal Mg2+-ATPase.

PMID- 154893
TI  - Comparative antiinflammatory and bone protective effects of two diphosphonates in
      adjuvant arthritis.
AB  - The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and disodium
      dichloromethane diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) were evaluated in the rat adjuvant model
      of arthritis to directly compare their ability to inhibit arthritic processes.
      The results of the experiment indicated that both diphosphonates inhibited
      osseous changes, pedal inflammation, and the change in body weight gain patterns
      which are characteristic of this model. The latter effects suggest that
      diphosphonates may have antinflammatory activity that is not related to their
      previously known actions on bone. Cl2MDP appeared to be more effective than EHDP
      in this particular model when all aspects were considered. The relationship of
      these results to the potential safety of these compounds in clinical situations
      is discussed.

PMID- 154894
TI  - Immunoregulation in New Zealand mice. I. Failure of the transfer of syngeneic
      spleen or thymus cells to influence the natural disease in New Zealand mice.
AB  - Young, syngeneic thymocytes and spleen cells were administered to F1 hybrids of
      New Zealand Black by New Zealand White (NZB/W) mice beginning at 3 weeks of age
      and were continuted at 2-week intervals for 8 to 9 months. The development of
      autoimmunity as assessed by measuring the incidence and level of anti-DNA
      antibody, the degree of renal involvement, and the survival of recipient mice was
      evaluated and compared to a control group of animals. No significant differences
      were noted in these parameters in mice receiving cell transfers as compared to
      the control group. Therefore, in contrast to other reports, these results suggest
      that the transfer of young thymus or spleen cells into aging NZB/W mice fails to
      influence immunoregulation and the subsequent development of autoimmunity.

PMID- 154896
TI  - [Ecology of human development: growing impact of medical education].

PMID- 154895
TI  - Application of flow cytometry and cell sorting to megakaryocytopoiesis.
AB  - We have employed flow cytometry (FCM) and cell sorting to quantitate and study
      megakaryocytes in mouse and rat femoral marrow following their 20- to 30-fold
      concentration by centrifugal elutriation (CE). This enrichment of megakaryocytes
      permitted the first determination of their DNA-related fluorescence by FCM
      analysis following DNA staining. Fluorescence distributions of CE-enriched cell
      fractions following supravital staining with Hoechst 33342 were similar to those
      following chromomycin A3 staining of ethanol-fixed cells. Microscopic examination
      of cells sorted onto glass slides on the basis of their DNA-related fluorescence
      following supravital staining together with specific acetylcholinesterase
      staining for megakaryocytes indicated that megakaryocytes generally increased in
      cell size with increasing DNA content. This technologic application represents a
      significant advance in the study of megakaryocytopoiesis, since the kinetics of
      either the normal or perturbed population can now be studied rapidly and
      quantitatively.

PMID- 154898
TI  - [American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) in the Caribbean].

PMID- 154897
TI  - [Behavior of the male population with respect to family planning in Trujillo,
      Peru].

PMID- 154899
TI  - [Surveillance of diarrheal diseases in Cali, Colombia].

PMID- 154900
TI  - [Relation between toxoplasmosis and fetal losses].

PMID- 154901
TI  - [Fetal deaths in the district of Sao Paulo, Brazil].

PMID- 154902
TI  - [Human ecology and child development].

PMID- 154903
TI  - [Integrated control of leprosy in Guyana].

PMID- 154904
TI  - [Use of cultures in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Chile].

PMID- 154905
TI  - [Care of pregnant women in prenatal services in public maternity hospitals of
      Rosario, Argentina].

PMID- 154906
TI  - [Costa Rica: control program of sexually transmitted diseases].

PMID- 154907
TI  - [Serological evidence of vesicular stomatitis in slaughterhouse workers in
      Antioquia, Colombia].

PMID- 154908
TI  - [Domestic Triatomines (Reduvidae) and the Trypanosomic infections in insects in
      El Salvador].

PMID- 154909
TI  - [A new form of evaluating postnatal growth during the 1st 2 years of life].

PMID- 154910
TI  - Effects of sympathetic catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), injected
      intra-arterially, on the myotatic reflex activity of the quadriceps muscle in
      decerebrate cat.

PMID- 154911
TI  - Congenital heart disease--changes in form and function.

PMID- 154912
TI  - Echocardiographic features of secondary left ventricular hypertrophy.

PMID- 154913
TI  - Assessment of left-to-right shunt and left ventricular function in isolated
      ventricular septal defect. Echocardiographic study.
AB  - This echocardiographic study was designed to assess left ventricular function and
      pulmonary blood flow in ventricular septal defect. Fifty-one patients aged 2
      weeks to 21 years were investigated (group 2). Five of 10 operated patients were
      studied one week after surgical closure of the defect (group 3) and seven 3 to 6
      weeks postoperatively (group 4). The control group consisted of 45 normal
      subjects aged 2 weeks to 21 (group 1). Left atrium/aortic root dimension ratio
      (LA/Ao) was used to express the pulmonary systemic flow ratio. Left ventricular
      chamber size was assessed by measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic
      dimension and volume. The left ventricular mass and the ratio of end-diastolic
      volume to left ventricular mass were determined to relate the degree of left
      ventricular hypertrophy to volume overload. Myocardial function was evaluated
      using ejection phase indices. Ventricular septal thickness, posterior wall
      thickness, and echocardiographic patterns of septal motion were also studied. The
      left atrium/aortic root dimension, end-diastolic volume, and left ventricular
      mass were significantly greater in group 2 patients (P less than 0.05) than in
      the normal controls. There was a very good correlation between LA/Ao and
      pulmonary/systemic flow ratio (r = 0.83). Eleven of the group 2 patients showed
      asymmetric septal hypertrophy (unrelated to shunt size) but left ventricular
      function as assessed by ejection phase indices appeared unimpaired. Immediately
      after operation (group 3) there was a deterioration in left ventricular function
      in 5 patients as shown by reduced ejection fraction, mean velocity of
      circumferential shortening, and relative changes in minor axis with systole.
      Septal motion was impaired but returned to normal in 3 to 6 weeks in 7 patients
      (group 4). Left atrial/aortic root dimension, end-diastolic volume, and left
      ventricular mass decreased significantly immediately after operation (group 3)
      but were still raised at 3 to 6 weeks (group 4).

PMID- 154914
TI  - Pre- and postoperative left ventricular contractile function in patients with
      aortic valve disease.
AB  - In 43 patients left ventricular micromanometry and cineangiography were performed
      preoperatively and and 20 months after aortic valve replacement. A score of left
      ventricular functional impairment, derived from 5 to 8 haemodynamic variables,
      was calculated as: number of pathological indices x 100/total number of
      determined indices. Preoperatively the score of left ventricular functional
      impairment amounted to 35 per cent in group 1 (aortic stenosis: n = 19), to 61
      per cent in group 2 (combined lesion:n = 15) (P less than 0.05), and to 87 per
      cent in group 3 (aortic regurgitation: n = 9) (P less than 0.001). In contrast,
      the functional classification according to the NYHA showed similar impairment in
      the 3 groups. Postoperatively the score of left ventricular functional impairment
      decreased significantly in all 3 groups to 10, 16, and 27 per cent, respectively,
      but the score of group 3 remained raised (P less than 0.05) as compared with that
      of group 1. The patients with residual left ventricular dysfunction had a higher
      preoperative left ventricular muscle mass than the patients with normal or near
      normal postoperative left ventricular function. It is concluded that (1) at
      similar functional impairment according to the NYHA classification left
      ventricular contractile function is more severely impaired in aortic
      regurgitation and in aortic regurgitation + aortic stenosis than in aortic
      stenosis alone, (2) left ventricular function improves significantly after valve
      replacement in all three forms of aortic valve disease, (3) residual functional
      impairment is greater in aortic regurgitation than in aortic stenosis or aortic
      stenosis + aortic regurgitation, and (4) persistent postoperative left
      ventricular functional impairment is found in the patients with severe
      preoperative hypertrophy.

PMID- 154915
TI  - Nongenetically transmitted disproportionate ventricular septal thickening
      associated with left ventricular outflow obstruction.
AB  - Clinical, haemodynamic, and morphological features are described in 2 patients
      with disproportionate ventricular septal thickening, left ventricular outflow
      obstruction with systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet, and
      either acquired or congenital heart disease. The disproportionate septal
      thickening in these patients appeared to be secondary to their underlying cardiac
      disease rather than a manifestation of genetically transmitted hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy. One patient with combined aortic and mitral stenosis had severe
      systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet and a residual large
      systolic pressure gradient between left ventricle and systemic artery after
      aortic valve replacement. In this patient the systolic anterior motion was
      evident in the presence of mitral valve stenosis. The other patient with mild
      aortic stenosis and a previously repaired coarctation of the aorta also had mild
      systolic anterior motion and a small subaortic systolic pressure gradient. Hence,
      these 2 patients demonstrate that disproportionate septal thickening secondary to
      acquired or congenital heart disease may be associated with left ventricular
      outflow obstruction and systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet.

PMID- 154916
TI  - Pulsus alternans induced by glyceryl trinitrate paste in a patient with alcoholic
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Application of a small dose of glyceryl trinitrate paste (0.25 in) resulted in
      severe left ventricular dysfunction with the appearance of pulsus alternans in a
      patient with alcoholic cardiomyopathy. The echocardiogram showed a reduction in
      the amplitude and velocity of motion of the left ventricular posterior wall on
      alternate beats. Leg elevation promptly reversed the pulsus alternans, and the
      echocardiographic abnormality. Glyceryl trinitrate paste should be used with
      caution and under close supervision in patients with liver dysfunction.

PMID- 154917
TI  - Accuracy of gas flowmeters determined by the bubble meter method.
AB  - THe accuracy of 15 oxygen and nitrous oxide flowmeter units in daily use was
      investigated using the bubble meter method. At preset oxygen flow rates of less
      than 1 litre min-1 unacceptable errors were found. At flow settings greater than
      1 litre min-1 the deviations varied within closer limits, but the actural flows
      were inaccurate irrespective of the presettings and of the gas delivered, and
      independent of the indicator being adjusted to be opposite or between the
      graduation marks on the flowmeter.

PMID- 154918
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (the scalded skin syndrome): a reappraisal.

PMID- 154919
TI  - The mechanical properties of skin in vivo--a portable hand-held extensometer.

PMID- 154920
TI  - Drugs causing fixed eruptions.
AB  - Forty patients having fixed drug eruptions were subjected to provocation tests.
      Twelve patients failed to complete the provocation tests while in the remaining,
      the causative drugs were shown to be tetracyclines (6), analgin (metamizole) (6),
      oxyphenbutazone (5), phenobarbitone (4), sulphadiazine (3), sulphaphenazole (2),
      penicillin (1), suphadimethoxone (1), Saridon (1), sulphadimidine (1) and
      sulphamethoxypryridazine (1). There was evidence of cross-sensitivity between
      tetracycline and demethylchlortetracycline and also between exyphenbutazone and
      phenylbutazone, but not between different sulphonamides, In 2 cases, the minimum
      dose of the drug capable of reactivating the lesions was 100 mg of sulphadiazine
      and 50 mg of Saridon respectively.

PMID- 154922
TI  - Surgery for trachoma in Burma.
AB  - The problem of trachoma in Burma is presented.  For its major sight-threatening
      complication of trichiasis a surgical procedure is described which is simple,
      effective, economical, and without any cosmetic blemish. With this procedure 1861
      cases of different grades of trichiasis were operated upon at the Eye, ENT
      Hospital, Rangoon, with 528 cases followed up at 1 year. The results are entirely
      satisfactory when the operations are performed for first and second degree
      trichiasis, and for trichiasis of our third degree grading the success rate is
      95%.

PMID- 154921
TI  - Comparative evaluation of skin atrophy in man induced by topical corticoids.
AB  - In this in-patient study, mild skin atrophy was observed clinically in 6 out of a
      total of 22 patients after fluocinolone acetonide and in one patient after
      flumethasone pivalate ointment applications (P less than 0,05). Investigations
      were discontinued prematurely on days 14 and 17 in 2 patients because they
      developed early atrophy due to fluocinolone acetonide applications. Histological
      findings indicating either moderate or marked skin atrophy were evident in 15
      patients after flucinolone acetonide as against one patient after flumethasone
      pivalate ointment applications (P less than 0.001). In comparison with the
      controls the mean decrease in epidermal thickness was more marked after
      fluocinolone acetonide applications, namely 30.5% vs 21.3% after flumethasone
      pivalate applications. The ultrastructural tissue changes were less marked at the
      sites to which flumethasone pivalate was applied.  In comparison with controls,
      the percentages of mean decrease in diameters of collagen fibrils measured in six
      volunteer patients ranged from 5.1% to 27.6% after fluocinolone acetonide and
      from 0% to 12.3% following flumethasone pivalate ointment applications, This
      difference was statistically significant (range P less than 0,01 to less than
      0.001). This experimental study has demonstrated that flumethasone pivalate
      displays only a mild atrophogenic effect and it is clinically and histologically
      significantly less atrophogenic than fluocinolone acetonide. Flumethasone
      pivalate can therefore be reckoned as a suitable topical corticosteroid
      especially for the long-term treatment of corticoid-responsive dermatoses.

PMID- 154923
TI  - Primary soluble plasmic degradation product of human cross-linked fibrin.
      Isolation and stoichiometry of the (DD)E complex.
AB  - The formation of the (DD)E complex and fragments DD and E upon proteolysis of
      human cross-linked fibrin was studied by timed digestions using varying amounts
      of plasmin. The (DD)E complex was the primary soluble degradation product
      released form cross-linked fibrin. This complex contained fragments DD and E1.
      Upon further digestion (DD)E1 complex was cleaved to (DD)E2 complex whereby only
      the fragment E moiety was affected. However, when fragment E2 was digested to
      fragment E3, dissociation of the complex occurred. Thus, fragments DD and E3 are
      the terminal plasmic digestion products of cross-linked fibrin. This pattern was
      consistent regardless of the plasmin to fibrin ratio; however, the rate of
      production of the terminal degradation products was directly dependent upon
      enzyme concentration. Digestion conditions were modified so that either the (DD)E
      complex or fragment DD was the predominant degradation product, allowing for the
      purification of these species by one-step gel filtration. The molar ratio of
      fragment DD to fragment E in the (DD)E complex was investigated by dissociation
      of the complex and by reassociation of the purified components. The (DD)E complex
      contains one molecule of fragment DD and one molecule of fragment E.

PMID- 154924
TI  - Effect of organic solvents on the beef heart mitochondrial adenosine
      triphosphatase.
AB  - The effect of organic solvents on the beef heart mitochondrial ATP-base-catalyzed
      ATP and ITP hydrolysis was examined. It was observed that numerous organic
      solvents stimulated ATP hydrolysis while ITP hydrolysis was inhibited. Methanol
      at 20% (v/v) was found to stimulate ATP hydrolysis by over 300%, while at the
      same methanol concentration ITP hydrolysis was inhibited approximately 50%. In
      the presence of 20% methanol, ATP hydrolysis exhibited linear plots of 1/[ATP]
      vs. 1/v, while in the absence of methanol negative cooperativity was observed.
      These data can be interpreted to imply that the catalytic and regulatory sites of
      the mitochondrial ATPase are being dissociated 20% methanol. The effect of
      methanol on the hydrolysis of ATP and ITP was examined as a function of pH. It
      was found that, at high pH in totally aqueous solutions, the hydrolysis of ATP
      and ITP was inhibited, while the presence of 20% methanol either caused the
      hydrolytic rate to peak and remain constant above pH 8 (with ATP as substrate) or
      caused the rate of hydrolysis to continue to increase above pH 8 (when ITP was
      the substrate). These data are interpreted to indicate that an acidic group in
      the active site may be ionizing, limiting the ATPase-catalyzed hydrolytic rate,
      and, with 20% methanol, this ionization was inhibited.

PMID- 154925
TI  - Reactivity of mitochondrial F1-ATPase to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Inactivation
      and binding studies.

PMID- 154926
TI  - A possible mechanism for the increased oxidation of choline after chronic ethanol
      ingestion.
AB  - An attempt has been made to determine the location of the site at which the
      metabolism of ethanol interacts with that of choline to produce an increase in
      the oxidation of choline. The first enzyme in the oxidation pathway for choline,
      choline dehydrogenase, was assayed using a newly developed spectrophotometric
      assay and freshly isolated intact rat liver mitochondria. No changes were
      observed in either 'apparent' V or the 'apparent' Km values of choline
      dehydrogenase for choline after ethanol ingestion. However, when the choline
      oxidase system was assayed, a 28% decrease in 'apparent' Km for choline and a 53%
      increase in 'apparent' V was observed. The effects of ATP on choline oxidase were
      studied further, and a 29.4% decrease was observed in mitochondrial ATP levels
      from freshly isolated mitochondria from the ethanol-treated rats. In vitro aging
      of mitochondria further decreased the level of ATP, and the rate of decrease was
      considerably faster during the first hour in the mitochondria from the ethanol
      treated animals. The decreases in ATP from both control and experimental
      mitochondria were accompanied by increases in choline oxidase activity. The
      initial decrease in ATP was correlated with an increase in mitochondrial ATPase
      activity which may be related to an increase in mitochondria Mg2+. Because
      chronic ethanol ingestion has resulted in decreased oxidation rates of succinate
      and beta-hydroxybutyrate while at the same time increasing the oxidation rates of
      choline, the studies reported here suggest that the effect of chronic ethanol
      ingestion is primarily on a step that is unique to choline and which probably
      exists prior to the electron transport chain.

PMID- 154927
TI  - F1-ATPase from different submitochondrial particles.
AB  - 1. F1-ATPase has been extracted by the diphosphatidylglycerol procedure from
      mitochondrial ATPase complexes that differ in ATPase activity, cold stability,
      ATPase inhibitor and magnesium content. 2. The ATPase activity of the isolated
      enzymes was dependent upon the activity of the original particles. In this
      respect, F1-ATPase extracted from submitochondrial particles prepared in ammonia
      (pH 9.2) and filtered through Sephadex G-50 was comparable to the enzyme purified
      by conventional procedures (Horstman, L.L. and Racker, E. (1970) J. Biol. Chem.
      245, 1336--1344), whereas F1-ATPase extracted from submitochondrial particles
      prepared in the presence of magnesium and ATP at neutral pH was similar to factor
      A (Andreoli, T.E., Lam, K.W. and Sanadi, D.R. (1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240, 2644-
      2653). 3. No systematic relationship has been found in these F1-ATPase
      preparations between their ATPase inhibitor content and ATPase activity. Rather,
      a relationship has been observed between this activity and the efficiency of the
      ATPase inhibitor-F1-ATPase association within the membrane. 4. It is concluded
      that the ATPase activity of isolated F1-ATPase reflects the properties of
      original ATPase complex provided a rapid and not denaturing procedure of
      isolation is employed.

PMID- 154928
TI  - Tentoxin-induced binding of adenine nucleotides to soluble spinach chloroplast
      coupling factor 1.
AB  - The effect of tentoxin on the binding of adenine nucleotides to soluble
      chloroplast coupling factor (CF1) has been studied and the following results have
      been obtained: 1. Tentoxin (400 micron) increases the maximum attainable tight
      binding of ADP to CF1. In the absence of tentoxin, the maximal binding observed
      by the method employed is about 0.3 nmol ADP/mg protein, whereas in the presence
      of tentoxin this ranges from 1.5 to 2.0 nmol ADP/mg protein. 2. Tentoxin-induced
      binding of ADP to CF1 is severely inhibited by divalent cations (50% inhibition
      at about 2 mM) but only weakly inhibited by monovalent cations (less than 50%
      inhibition at 100 mM). 3. The binding of ADP to CF1 induced by tentoxin is
      inhibited by ATP and adenylyl imidodiphosphate but is not inhibited by other
      nucleotides including AMP, GDP, CDP, IDP, or beta, gamma-methylene ATP. 4. The
      ADP-CF1 complex induced by tentoxin is quite stable. 75% remains bound to CF1
      even after passage of the complex through a gel filtration column. An additional
      25% can be removed by incubation in the presence of ADP, and all of the bound ADP
      can be removed only after incubation in the presence of both tentoxin and ADP.
      The latter result is interpreted as a tentoxin-induced exchange of bound ADP for
      medium ADP.

PMID- 154929
TI  - The carbohydrate prosthetic groups of rat fibrinogen plasmic fragment E.
AB  - Rat fibrinogen plasmic fragment E was found to contain one oligosaccharide chain
      per gamma-chain attached by a glycosylamine linkage. The oligosaccharide was
      composed of 1 sialic acid, 1 galactose, 2 mannose and 2 glucosamine residues. The
      probable sequence from the nonreducing end was sialic acid leads to galactose
      beta leads to mannose alpha leads to mannose alpha leads to glucosamine leads to
      glucosamine. No difference in the rate of clearance from the rat circulation
      could be detected between native and desialated fragment E. A non-denaturing
      method for the purification of fragment E is described.

PMID- 154931
TI  - Periodic forcing of the phosphofructokinase oscillator in whole yeast cells.

PMID- 154930
TI  - Nature of the phosphorylated 26 000 molecular weight protein extracted from dog
      thyroid with contractile proteins.
AB  - Dog thyroid contractile proteins are characterized by their ATPase activity at
      high KCl concentration. In the presence of Ca(2+), 80 nmol ATP are hydrolyzed per
      min per mg protein. This Ca(2+) -ATPase activity is inhibited by Mg(2+) but not
      influenced by sodium azide. The 26 000 molecular weight protein which is present
      in thyroid contractile protein preparations and the phosphorylation of which is
      stimulated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is suggested to be identical to
      the lysine-rich histones (H1). Indeed, radioactive thyroid H1 histones added to
      unlabelled thyroid slices copurify with the contractile proteins and migrate at
      the same level as the 26 000 molecular weight when submitted to electrophoresis
      in polyacrylamide sodium dodecyl sulfate gels of different acrylamide
      concentrations.

PMID- 154932
TI  - Pulmonary vascular reactivity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - We examined the pulmonary vascular reactivity of normotensive rats (NR) and
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to acute and chronic pressor stimuli. In
      rats kept at low altitude (1,520 m), SHR had a slight degree of right ventricular
      hypertrophy, but there was no difference between SHR and NR in either right
      ventricular systolic pressure or pulmonary artery wall thickness. When compared
      to blood-perfused lungs from low altitude NR, lungs from low altitude SHR were
      normoresponsive to acute airway hypoxia, hyporesponsive to intra-arterial
      angiotensin II, and hyperresponsive to intra-arterial prostaglandin F2alpha.
      After exposing rats to simulated high altitude (4--6 weeks at 4,270 m) to induce
      hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, SHR had a higher right ventricular systolic
      pressure, a greater degree of right ventricular hypertrophy, and more pulmonary
      artery medial thickening than did NR. The results indicate that although the
      pulmonary vasculature of SHR does not become hypertensive spontaneously, it might
      have an increased tendency to develop hypertension when exposed to an appropriate
      stimulus, i.e., chronic airway hypoxia.

PMID- 154933
TI  - [Acid mucopolysaccharides of paranasal sinus mucous membrane (author's transl)].

PMID- 154934
TI  - [Ground substances and pathochemical features of the human nasal polyp (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 154935
TI  - Whole gut irrigation: a survey of patient opinion.
AB  - Patients' assessment of whole gut irrigation via a nasogastric tube has been
      obtained by a questionnaire answered by 79 of 99 patients who received this
      method of bowel preparation before operation on the large bowel or colonoscopy.
      Abdominal pain during the irrigation was experienced by 13 patients (17 per cent)
      and nausea and vomiting occurred in 24 (30 per cent). Intubation with a
      nasogastric tube and the discomfort of prolonged sitting on a commode were
      considered the most disagreeable aspects of the procedure. Fifty-six patients (71
      per cent) would have agreed to the irrigation being repeated if necessary and
      many patients preferred whole gut irrigation to previous 'orthodox' bowel
      preparations that they had experienced.

PMID- 154936
TI  - Miniature peak-flow meters.

PMID- 154937
TI  - Effects of para-chlorophenylalanine on amphetamine and haloperidol-induced
      changes in striatal dopamine turnover.
AB  - Para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was administered to rats, and the animals were
      sacrificed 48 h later. Animals received various doses of S(+)-amphetamine (AMPH)
      31 min before sacrifice or of haloperidol (HAL) 46 min before sacrifice and an
      intracerebral injection of [3H]tyrosine 15 min prior to sacrifice. PCPA
      pretreatment potentiated the increased accumulation of striatal [3H]dopamine (DA)
      induced by doses of AMPH to 1.5 mg/kg, and inhibited the decrease in striatal
      [3H]DA accumulation observed at higher doses (greater than 2.5 mg/kg) of AMPH.
      Further, the AMPH-induced increase in endogenous levels of striatal DA was
      inhibited by PCPA pretreatment. Similarly, PCPA pretreatment potentiated the HAL
      induced increase in striatal [3H]DA accumulation. The data are discussed with
      respect to an inhibitory serotonergic influence on nigrostriatal DA function, and
      the relationship of nigrostriatal biochemical events to AMPH-induced behavioral
      changes.

PMID- 154938
TI  - Histophysiological observations on fast skeleto-fusimotor axons.
AB  - In three instances, repetitive stimulation of a single fast skeleto-fusimotor
      axon supplying cat tenuissimus muscle was observed to activate a secondary ending
      belonging to a precisely located spindle. Prolonged repetitive stimulation of
      these beta-axons elicited glycogen depletion in the intrafusal muscle fibres of
      the located spindles and in extrafusal fibres. The intrafusal depletion affected
      the longest of the chain fibres in two instances, and the bag1 and bag2 fibres in
      the third instance. In one experiment, the discharge from the primary ending of
      the located spindle was also recorded. The fast beta-axon (it supplied the
      longest chain fibre in the spindle) had a static action on the primary ending.
      The extrafusal muscle fibres of the 3 fast beta-motor units belonged to the fast
      oxidative-glycolytic type.

PMID- 154939
TI  - The responses of muscle spindle afferents during voluntary tracking movements in
      man. Load dependent servo assistance?

PMID- 154940
TI  - [The extent of occupational hypersensitivity to penicillin derivates proved by
      immunologic method (author's transl)].

PMID- 154941
TI  - [Birth sequence and Down's syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 154942
TI  - [Mechanism of action of antibiotics:some examples].
AB  - Antibiotics are very commonly used substances to eradicate bacterial infections
      by bacteriostatic or even bactericid effect. They act at a very specific stage
      (target), although other less important or secondary interactions can occur. We
      studied the interaction of three antibiotic families (beta-lactamins, aminosides,
      rifampicin) with bacterial cell. Penicillin disturbs the cell wall synthesis and
      more accurately the glycopeptide (or murein) formation, a substance giving
      rigidity or shape to bacteria. It acts in the late phase of murein-biosynthesis,
      when N-acetyl glucosamin -- N-acetyl muramic acid L ala -D glu M-DAP (L lys) -D
      ala -D ala are linked together by the peptide part, under the effect of several
      enzymes, particularly transpeptidase and DD-carboxy-peptidase. It would appear
      that beta-lactame-thiazolidine rings have a steric analogy with dipeptide D
      alanyl D-alanine. The result would be that the enzyme would act on the antibiotic
      instead of peptide: the consequence would be inhibition of the peptidic link,
      giving an abnormal murein, and an incomplete cell wall i.e. fragile bacteria.
      Aminosides, particularly Streptomycin, link themselves to 30 S subunit of
      bacterial ribosome. In this case, it seems that it is a 3''OH function which
      reacts with lysine (from S 12 protein part of 30 S subunit). The consequence is
      an alteration in the RNA messager lecture, and a false traduction and
      consequently protein biosynthesis stops with a decrease of polyribosomes and of
      the formation of inert 70 S ribosome. Rifamycins, and particularly Rifampicin act
      by inhibition of RNA messager synthesis. One molecule of antibiotic links itself
      to one molecule of RNA messager : hydroxyl and cetone function in C1 Cs C21 C23
      and "ansa" bridge link to beta subunit of RNA polymerase. This linkage gives a
      conformational change to the RNA polymerase-DNA complex, inhibiting the catalytic
      action of this enzyme, and consequently stopping RNA messager and protein
      synthesis. The study of the action mechanism of these antibiotics enables us to
      show the action specificity of these products in the bacteria. This specificity
      is more accurate when the target is not to be found in the eucaryotic cells : in
      this case the antibiotic may be considered as entirely atoxic. If the study of
      the action mechanism of antibiotics gives a better understanding of the use of
      these drugs, their action at a definite stage in bacterial metabolism is a
      valuable tool for scientists in their approach to cell functioning.

PMID- 154944
TI  - [Evaluation of food intake and adrenergic response in rats during the tail pinch
      test].
AB  - The urinary catecholamines output and the food intake were investigated in two
      groups of rats: a control group and a group where Tail Pinches (T.P.) were
      performed. Our results have shown, as these of antelman and al., that the Tail
      Pinch induced a high concentrate milk consumption, in spite of an increase of
      adrenergic activity which is known to have an inhibitory effect on caloric
      intake. We suggest that the role of various stress on food intake dependes on the
      balance of these two antagonist effects.

PMID- 154943
TI  - [Histochemistry of neurosecretory cells in the cerebral ganglion of the adult or
      juvenile sweet water crab, Potamon magnum magnum (Pretzman)].
AB  - The histochemistry of the neurosecretory material of the PF-positive
      neurosecretory cells of the cerebral ganglion of the adult and juvenile crab,
      Potamon magnum magnum (Pretzman) has been investigated. The PF-positive
      neurosecretory material is proteinaceous and contains considerable amounts of
      cystine; it is associated with significant amount of cytoplasmic RNA, lipids and
      phospholipids and with moderate amounts of carbohydrates, though no glycogen
      could be detected. The significance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 154945
TI  - [Hemodynamic, functional and biochemical effects of hypobaric hypoxia in rats
      treated with cytidine diphosphocholine].
AB  - Treatment with cytidine diphosphocholine (20 mg/kg i.p.) in rats induces, during
      acute hypoxia, a reduction of vegetative responses (no modification of cerebral
      blood flow), a protection of conditioned avoidance response and a stabilization
      of dopamine and noradrenaline cerebral levels.

PMID- 154946
TI  - [Effect of citidoline on hemodynamics in the normobaric hypoxic dog].
AB  - In dogs submitted to a normobaric hypoxia, we found an elevation of the arterial
      blood pressure, of the heart rate, of the cardiac output and of the regional
      blood flows, the total peripheral resistance remaining unchanged. Treatment with
      citidoline abolishes these hemodynamic responses and the authors hypothetize that
      this effect is correlated with the agonist dopaminergic effect of the drug.

PMID- 154947
TI  - [Effect of different estro-progesterone sequences on nidation of dormant
      blastocysts administered in diapause in ovariectomized rats].
AB  - The hormonal condition permitting delayed nidation in rats ovarectomized on day 4
      or 5 of pregnancy was studied by administering progesterone and estradiol in
      differents sequences between days 9 and 14. The best result was obtained when
      progesterone was given 3 days before an estrogen-progesterone association. The
      same treatment induced delayed nidation in rats receiving Reserpine and
      ovariectomized day 5, but not when progesterone and estradiol were present day 4.

PMID- 154948
TI  - [Lipid-protein interactions in blood serum].
AB  - The lipoprotein-fatty acid complexes show an electrophoretic mobility greater
      than that lipoproteins alone, but that phenomenon does not appear when those
      complexes have previously incubates for two days at 37 degrees C: an hypothesis
      on the evolution in time of the patterns of interaction binding lipoproteins and
      fatty acids has been confirmed by studies in isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 154949
TI  - [Evidence and properties of digestive proteases in young mugilidae during the
      first year of life].
AB  - Proteolytic activity was observed in extracts from the digestive tract of Mugil
      auratus and Mugil capito; its maximum occurs at about pH 2 and 9. Activity in the
      acid range is mainly found in stomach extracts and the enzyme may be considered
      as similar to pepsin and cathepsins. In the alkaline range, the main activity is
      recorded in the region of the pyloric caeca. Activities of the trypsin,
      chymotrypsin, A and B carboxypeptidases and elastase type are found. The effects
      of pH and temperature on some activities are studied: optimal pH are about 2.6
      and 3,4 with pepsin-like activity, between 8,1 and 8,5 with trypsin-like activity
      and between 7,8 and 8,5 with chymotrypsin-like activity; incubation optimal
      temperature (pH 2,2) is found between 35 degrees and 40 degrees.

PMID- 154950
TI  - [Immunocytological studies of C cells with anti-calcitonin or antisomatostatin
      immunoserums in rats treated with vitamin D, thyroxine or benzyl-thiouracil].
AB  - In rats treated with vitamin D3, thyroxin or BTU alone or with associations of
      vitamin D3 + BTU or vitamin D + thyroxin, immunocytochemical studies with an anti
      human calcitonin serum show a stimulating effect of vitamin D and of thyroxin and
      an inhibiting effect of BTU on the C cells of the thyroid. These results are in
      agreement with the existence of functional relations between follicular and C
      cells. A few calcitonin-containing cells are immunoreactive to an anti
      somatostatin serum. All the C cells contain both calcitonin and somatostatin when
      they are grouped in a single big interfollicular cluster.

PMID- 154951
TI  - [Effect of propyl-2-pentene-2-oic acid on GABA levels in different regions of
      mouse brain].
AB  - An elevation in cerebral GABA level (65%) is observed after administration of an
      anticonvulsant, sodium propyl 2-pentene-2 oate, a branched chain fatty acid,
      comformationally restricted GABA analogue, competitive inhibitor of GABA-T in
      regard to GABA. The concentration of GABA increases in some regions i.e.
      substantia nigra, frontal and temporal cortex, cerebellum and olfactory bulbs.
      The GABA level remains unchanged in caudate nucleus, hippocampus and occipital
      cortex. Results are discussed comparatively to the effect of sodium n
      dipropylacetate.

PMID- 154953
TI  - [Effect of dichlorophenolindophenol on glucose dehydrogenase activity of
      Pseudomonas fluorescens (type R)].
AB  - The glucose dehydrogenase activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens cells grown in iron
      depleted synthetic media is strongly decreased (about 80%) by
      dichlorophenolindophenol (DIP) 2 X 10(-3) M. In those cells, DIP seems not to
      play the part of an ultimate electron acceptor.

PMID- 154952
TI  - [Action of hemocoagulase on the cicatrization of the dura mater in rabbits.
      Preliminary results].
AB  - The present study compares the cicatrization of the dura by administration of
      I.M. hemocoagulase. This study was done on 6 rabbits and 6 control animals. The
      authors think that the cicatrization is a little slower but of better quality.
      The hemocoagulase seems to favorize the vasculo-exsudative process of
      cicatrization. The fibrinous deposits are more important too. Perhaps the
      occlusion of C.S. fluid fistulas could be favorized by means of the used product.
      Definitive conclusions are not possible for the moment but a work on a larger
      scale is projected.

PMID- 154954
TI  - [Dwarf colony mutants of Escherichia coli: plasmids resistant to antibiotics].
AB  - Deficient dwarf colony (DDC) mutants of E. coli K 12, harboring or no resistance
      plasmids, were obtained in vitro. The R plasmids of parental strains and to DDC
      mutants were transfered by conjugation to normal colony, and to DDC mutants of E.
      coli K 12; the frequencies of transfer were similar for all strains studied.

PMID- 154956
TI  - [Urate transport in erythrocytes: possible role of a transport membrane].
AB  - Urate transport seems dependant of ATP. So, we studied urate behaviour in
      relation with the isolated membrane: we observed a linkage between urate and a
      membrane protein of which molecular weight was estimated to twenty thousand. The
      exact role of this protein remains to be clarify.

PMID- 154955
TI  - [Cellular material in urinary sediment in retarded or precocious puberty].
AB  - The cellular material studied in the urinary sediment mainly obtained from
      exfolied alls the bladder trigone was submitted to hormonal stimulation. These
      cell changes constitute the basis of a cytologic method called the urocytogram.
      The urocytogram was followed up in six children with early puberty and ten young
      girls with backward puberty. These repeated examinations contribute to the
      diagnosis and help in the differential diagnosis. Whenever it is necessary to
      investigate a child' sex hormones the urocytogram, simple painless method is
      indicated.

PMID- 154957
TI  - [Ventrobulbular hypotensive action of muscimol].
AB  - Muscimol, a rigid analogue of GABA has been injected in the CNS of urethane
      anesthetized, normotensive cats. Injected either intracisternally (1 or 2
      microgram/kg, 0.05 ml) or directly by microinjection in a restricted
      ventrolateral region of the brain stem (0.5 or 1 microgram/kg, 0.5 microliter),
      muscimol induced hypotension and bradycardia. These central cardiovascular
      effects of muscimol were antagonized by bicuculline, a "specific" GABA antagonist
      agent. These data emphasize the involvement of gabergic mechanisms in the central
      cardiovascular control, at least in the ventrolateral part of the medulla
      oblongata.

PMID- 154958
TI  - [Intestinal tolerance in mice after low dose rate 60CO irradiation. Implications
      for radiotherapy].
AB  - Influence of absorbed dose rate has been studied in BALB/c mice for early
      intestinal tolerance. After selective abdominal irradiation, LD50 at 5.5 days
      increases from 12.36 to 20.22 and 21.79 Gy when dose rate decreases from 0.61 to
      0.054 and 0.026 Gy/mn. LD50 at 6.5 days increases from 12.05 to 19.22 and 21.58
      Gy respectively. The LD50 ratios are then 1.6 and 1.8 for both endpoints. After
      total body irradiation. LD50 at 5.5 days increases from 9.92 to 15.20and 16.83 Gy
      when dose rate decreases from 0.56 to 0.049 and 0.024 Gy/mn. The corresponding
      LD50 ratios, i.e. 1.5 and 1.7, are then similar to the former ones. Increase of
      LD50 when decreasing dose rate is in agreement with that expected taking into
      account only repair of sublethal lesions, for the generally accepted cellular
      models.

PMID- 154959
TI  - [RBE/absorbed dose relationship of d(50)-Be neutrons determine for early
      intestinal tolerance in mice].
AB  - RBE/absorbed dose realtionship of d(50)-Be neutrons (ref.: 60Co) was determined
      using intestinal tolerance in mice (LD50) after single and fractionated
      irradiation. RBE is 1.8 for a single fraction (about 1000 rad 60Co dose); it
      increases when decreasing dose and reaches the plateau value of 2.8 for a 60Co
      dose of about 200 rad. This RBE value is used for the clinical applications with
      the cyclotron "Cyclone" at Louvain-la-Neuve.

PMID- 154960
TI  - [Organ cultures of mammalian testes. I. Adult mouse testis].
AB  - Organ cultures of adult normal mice testes have shown that the tubular structure
      is best preserved at 31 degrees C. With the simple anhormonal conditions we have
      used, the germ cells actively involved in meiosis disappear in ten days,
      following a stereotyped pattern. During the same time, Sertoli cells become
      enlarged, with a marked cytoplasmic vacuolisation. After 2 weeks in vitro, the
      seminiferous tubules are completely filled up with Sertoli cells and no more
      spermatocytes are recognized.

PMID- 154961
TI  - [Centromere staining in ten species of ruminants by C and R banding techniques].
AB  - The centromeric regions of acrocentric or telocentric chromosomes of 10 species
      of the order Artiodactyla, suborder Ruminantia, have shown to be equally deeply
      stained either with the C-banding or the R-banding technique. These unusual
      staining properties could be linked with the presence of a particular type of
      chromatin. The importance of centromeric fusions linked with speciation in the
      Bovoidea is recalled.

PMID- 154962
TI  - [Peritoneal resorption of ethidium bromide, free or linked to DNA in rodents].
AB  - Ethidium bromide, either free (EB) or bound to DNA (EB-DNA), is injected into the
      peritoneal cavity of adult rats or mice. EB is then detected by fluorescence
      microscopy in peritoneal cells and by spectrophotometry in the peritoneal fluid.
      EB-DNA persists for a longer period of time in the peritoneal cavity than free EB
      does.

PMID- 154963
TI  - [Different types of virus inhibitory factors in interferon produced by different
      organs].
AB  - Fragments of organs from mice inoculated with Newcastle disease virus were
      incubated at 30 degrees C. Lungs and liver produced thermolabile virus-inhibiting
      factor (IF) or interferon at earlier stages. The spleen, lymph nodes and thymus
      produced thermolabile IF at earlier stages and thermostable IF at later stages.

PMID- 154964
TI  - [Hyper- and hypo-reactivity in mice with regard to the induction of virus
      inhibitory factor or interferon].
AB  - 1. IF induction in mice with Newcastle disease virus produced hyperreactivity on
      subsequent induction with certain doses of poly I:C. 2. Laparotomy or
      intraperitoneal injection with air caused temporary hyporeactivity of spleen and
      lungs on IF induction with endotoxin. Laparotomy in splenectomised mice did not
      affect IF formation in lungs.

PMID- 154965
TI  - Subcellular effects of some anesthetic agents on rat myocardium.
AB  - The effects of ether, chloroform, and halothane on calcium accumulation and
      ATPase activity of rat heart microsomes and mitochondria as well as on
      myofibrillar ATPase activity were investigated. Chloroform and halothane
      depressed microsomal and mitochondrial calcium uptake and binding in a parallel
      fashion. Ether decreased microsomal calcium binding and mitochondrial calcium
      uptake to varying degrees, while mitochondrial calcium binding was slightly
      enhanced. Whereas ether had no effect, chloroform depressed microsomal and
      mitochondrial total APTase activities and halothane decreased microsomsl ATPase
      and slightly stimulated mitochondrial total ATPase activities. Halothane was
      found to depress myofibrillar Mg2+-ATPase and ether was capable of decreasing
      myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase. Chloroform was seen to inhibit both myofibrillar
      enzymes. These results suggest that the cardiodepressant actions of volatile
      anesthetic agents may be due to alterations in the calcium accumulating abilities
      of microsomal and mitochondrial membranes while direct myofibrillar effects may
      contribute to the depression seen with relatively higher concentrations of
      anesthetics.

PMID- 154966
TI  - Developmental theory revisited: findings of longitudinal study.

PMID- 154967
TI  - Parathyroid adenomas following irradiation.
AB  - Parathyroid adenomas have been demonstrated to occur following external head and
      neck irradiation. The median latency interval is 30 years. In a series of 74
      consecutive patients with histologically diagnosed parathyroid adenomas, 25% gave
      a history of prior radiation exposure. When compared to a matched control
      incidence of 7.9%, statistical significance is reached at p less than 0.01.
      Thyroid abnormalities were present in 68% of the irradiated patients, and 30% of
      these were malignant. Tumor of skin, breast, and parotid gland also occurrred
      more frequently than expected. Forty-seven percent of the irradiated group had
      malignant neoplasms within the radiation field. The histopathology of the
      radiation-associated parathyroid adenomas is similar to that seen experimentally.

PMID- 154968
TI  - Inhibition of spontaneous breast cancer formation in female C3H(Avy/a) mice by
      long-term treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone.
AB  - Long-term p.o. treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone, an adrenal steroid found in
      subnormal plasma concentrations in women predisposed to develop breast cancer,
      inhibits the formation of spontaneous mammary cancer in female C3H(Avy/a) mice.

PMID- 154969
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of the protein antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin after bolus
      injection in humans.

PMID- 154970
TI  - Mutation induction by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine in synchronous Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary cells synchronized by mitotic detachment were treated with
      5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd), 0.2 micrograms/ml, at various times in the cell
      cycle. FdUrd treatment in the early S period induced resistance to 6-thioguanine.
      Treatment of asynchronous cells with FdUrd caused little increase in 6
      thioguanine resistance over the spontaneous frequency. Mitotic selection thus
      enhances the probability of a cell being in the portion of S period receptive to
      mutation. These observations suggest that FdUrd treatment leads to mutagenesis at
      the growing points of DNA replication.

PMID- 154971
TI  - Mediated mutagenesis of dimethylnitrosamine in Neurospora crassa by various
      metabolic activation systems.
AB  - Four metabolic activation systems (growth mediated mycelium extract mediated,
      host mediated, and organ homogenate mediated) were used to study the mutagenic
      activity of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in both forward and reverse mutation
      systems in the ad-3 (adenine-3) region of Neurospora crassa. DMN was not
      mutagenic in Neurospora if conidia alone were treated. It was highly mutagenic,
      however, if conidia were treated with this compound under any of the four
      activation systems. Quantitative differences in DMN-induced mutation frequencies
      were observed between in vivo (growth and host mediated) and in vitro (mycelium
      extract and organ homogenate mediated) activations. The efficiency of the
      conversion of DMN to a mutagenic metabolite by the organs of rats and mice
      appeared to be in a reversed order between the host-mediated (liver greater than
      kidney greater than lung) and the in vitro organ homogenate-mediated (lung
      greater than kidney greater than liver) assays. Inductions of reverse mutations
      in strain N23 indicated that DMN induces base-pair substitution in N. crassa.

PMID- 154972
TI  - Pharmacokinetic analysis of neocarzinostatin in normal and tumor-bearing rodents.

PMID- 154974
TI  - [Current trends in instrumental diagnosis of peripheral arteriopathies].

PMID- 154973
TI  - Enhancement by caffeine of neocarzinostatin cytotoxicity in murine leukemia L1210
      cells.
AB  - Posttreatment incubation with nontoxic doses of caffeine resulted in enhancement
      of cell lethality and inhibition of cell growth in L1210 mouse leukemia cells
      which had been exposed to a protein antibiotic, neocarzinostatin. In addition,
      caffeine treatment appeared to inhibit the eventual maturation of newly
      synthesized DNA in L1210 cells following exposure to this antibiotic. These
      results, indicating the existence of caffeine-sensitive repair in L1210 leukemia
      cells treated with neocarzinostatin, provide further evidence for DNA damage as a
      mechanism of the cytocidal action of the antibiotic.

PMID- 154975
TI  - [Distribution of T and B lymphocytes in children's diseases. M. Down,
      phenylketonuria, celiac disease and other malabsorptions, malignant tumours,
      chronic otitis media, and infectious mononucleosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 154976
TI  - [The occurrence of occupational dermatoses in the district of Trencin in 1971
      1977 (author's transl)].

PMID- 154977
TI  - Teletext and Viewdata and their relevance to communication disorders.

PMID- 154978
TI  - Diminished inotropic responsiveness to ouabain in aged rat myocardium.

PMID- 154979
TI  - Intermittent left bundle branch block: anatomic substrate as reflected in the
      electrocardiogram during normal conduction.

PMID- 154980
TI  - The role of left ventricular conduction in the electrogenesis of left ventricular
      hypertrophy. An electrophysiologic study in man.
AB  - Various electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic (ECG-VCG) patterns of
      ventricular conduction disturbances are inducible by premature right atrial
      stimulation (PRAS). These patterns are a consequence of different degrees of
      refractoriness in the specialized ventricular conduction system. We observed that
      the intermediate phase of left bundle branch block (LBBB) induced by PRAS in 20
      subjects with normal basal QRS (complexes) were similar to those of left
      ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). In 18 patients with basal ECG-VCG signs of LVH,
      right bundle branch block (RBBB) induced by PRAS produced a progressive
      disappearance of these signs and the "normalization" of the tracings. The initial
      maximum QRS vector decreased, disappeared or remained absent in the patients with
      LBBB induced by PRAS, and appeared (when absent in the basal VCG) and remained
      unchanged (when present) in patients with RBBB induced by PRAS. In this paper we
      discuss the electrogenetic implications of these data. The ECG-VCG sings of LVH
      are probably dependent on a slowed conduction in the left bundle branch system,
      while anatomical hypertrophy per se probably plays a less important role.

PMID- 154981
TI  - Prevalence of arrhythmias during 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring and
      exercise testing in patients with obstructive and nonobstructive hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Many patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy die suddenly and unexpectedly, a
      significant number perhaps due to arrhythmia. Of 100 patients initially evaluated
      for signs or symptoms suggestive of heart disease or a family history of
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 51 were selected solely because they met the
      echocardiographic criteria for the disease, and 49 patients were selected
      primarily because they had: 1) normal sinus rhythm despite left atrial
      enlargement, 2) a history of syncope, 3) a family history of premature death, or
      4) a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. All 100 patients were studied by
      24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and 74 of them also underwent
      treadmill exercise testing. More than 50% of patients in repetitive ventricular
      premature depolarizations, including 19% who had ventricular tachycardia.
      Monitoring was superior to exercise testing for exposing these arrhythmias. Two
      patients experienced cardiac arrest within 2 months of monitoring; in each,
      monitoring had revealed ventricular tachycardia. Two patients with paroxysms of
      supraventricular tachycardia during monitoring developed fixed atrial
      fibrillation within 1 year. These preliminary observations suggest that
      monitoring may help identify patients at increased risk for significant
      arrhythmic events.

PMID- 154982
TI  - Suppression of lymphoproliferative responses to alloantigens by autologous AML
      cells.
AB  - Autologous acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), cells caused the suppression of
      incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr) by remission lymphocytes stimulated with
      allogeneic cells. In five patients, autologous AML cells suppressed 3H-Tdr uptake
      by lymphocytes stimulated with up to three different allogeneic cells. Responses
      to allogeneic AML cells were more strongly suppressed than responses to pooled
      allogeneic lymphocytes. Suppression was abolished by ultrasonic disintegration of
      the autologous AML cells, suggesting that a soluble factor was not involved.
      Suppression was absent from autologous AML cells exposed to ultraviolet light, or
      when untreated autologous AML cells were present in ratios of less than 1:1 to
      lymphocytes, or when added 24 or more hours after stimulation of remission
      lymphocytes with allogeneic cells. It is suggested that suppression is a property
      of the differentiative level of AML cells, rather than of their malignant
      properties, although malignant-transformation may bring AML cells into contact
      with circulating T cells in vivo. Autologous AML cells seem to interfere with the
      recognition phase of T cell function.

PMID- 154984
TI  - Differences in the constitution and distribution of acidic glycosaminoglycans in
      the intimal and adventitial layers of bovine aorta.
AB  - Differences in the constitution of acidic glycosaminoglycans (AGAG) in the
      intimal layer and in the adventitia of bovine aorta were demonstrated by means of
      enzymatic assay and electrophoretic characterization after fractionation by ion
      exchange chromatography and by gel filtration. The data obtained after ion
      exchange chromatography indicated that chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6
      sulfate were the predominant constituents in the intima, whereas hyaluronic acid,
      dermatan sulfate, oversulfated dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfates and a
      related glucosaminoglycan were the predominant constituents in the adventitia.
      The molecular weight dependent distribution of the aortic AGAG by gel filtration
      indicated that hyaluronic acid was prevalent in the high molecular weight
      fractions from both layers whereas chondroitin, heparan sulfates and the related
      glucosaminoglycan were present in the low molecular weight fraction, especially
      in adventitial AGAG. Chondroitin sulfate isomers, dermatan sulfate and
      oversulfated dermatan sulfate were distributed almost equally in all fractions,
      but the proportions were different in the two layers.

PMID- 154985
TI  - A comparative study of two isolation procedures for elastin and contaminating
      substances in fetal and adult rabbit aortas.
AB  - A quantitative study of the individual steps in the isolation of elastin from
      mature and fetal aortas of rabbits was carried out. The proportions of insoluble
      residue and acetone- and ether-soluble substances were determined. The yields of
      elastin and other associated components of connective tissue derived from the
      aortas by two different isolation procedures were compared, i.e. the classical
      Lansing treatment with hot alkali and the less drastic procedure described by
      Rasmussen et al. Results were found to be strongly influenced by the method used.
      The purity of the elastin preparations was evaluated by means of amino acid
      analyses for relative contents of desmosines and dicarboxylic amino acids. The
      possible reasons for the differences found are discussed.

PMID- 154983
TI  - Circulating and pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin-secreting cells in
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) obtained from patients with active
      untreated systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were evaluated both for the number
      of cells spontaneously secreting immunoglobulin (Ig) as well as for their
      capacity to generate immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in vitro in response to
      pokeweed mitogen (PWM). ISC were enumerated by a reverse haemolytic plaque assay
      designed to quantify the number of cells secreting IgG, IgM and IgA. PBM obtained
      from eight patients with active untreated SLE contained markedly increased
      numbers of ISC compared to age-, sex-, and race-matched normal control PBM. SLE
      PBM contained a mean of 13,805 +/- 3266 ISC per 10(6) cells, of which 74%
      secreted IgG, 10% IgM and 22% IgA, while normal PBM contained a mean of 779 +/-
      143 ISC per 10(6) cells, with 57% secreting IgG, 25% IgM and 33% IgA. PBM
      obtained from SLE patients were also examined for their ability to generate ISC
      in vitro in response to PWM. SLE PBM were markedly deficient in their capacity to
      respond to PWM with the differentiation of ISC. This diminished responsiveness
      could not be ascribed to serum factors, the presence of increased numbers of
      cells with suppressive capacity or the absence of potentially responsive B cells.
      Rather, a deficiency of helper T cell activity appeared to be responsible. This
      was indicated by the observation that PWM responsiveness could be restored to SLE
      PBM by co-culturing them with purified mitomycin C-treated normal T cells.

PMID- 154986
TI  - A comparative study of the glycosaminoglycan-peptides obtained after degradation
      of cartilage proteoglycan by different proteinases, and their use in the
      characterization of different proteoglycans.

PMID- 154987
TI  - Dependence of collagen synthesis by embryonic chick tendon cells on the
      extracellular concentrations of glutamine.
AB  - An agent in rheumatoid synovial fluid which stimulates collagen synthesis by
      embryonic chick tendon cells was identified as glutamine. The stimulating effect
      was observed only at a subnormal concentration of proline (0.02 mM). The
      concentration of glutamine in rheumatoid synovial fluid is about 2.5 mM but it
      falls rapidly during storage even at -20 degrees C. Collagen synthesis is shown
      to depend on the extracellular concentrations of glutamine and proline in
      addition to any connective tissue activating factors.

PMID- 154988
TI  - Influence of maturation and age on mechanical and biochemical parameters of
      connective tissue of various organs in the rat.
AB  - The mechanical and biochemical parameters of connective tissue components of
      several organs in rats, e.g. skin, tail tendons and aorta, have been compared.
      Organ samples have been analyzed at various ages allowing investigation of the
      changes during maturation and senescence. The age dependent changes in the
      various organs were quite similar. The parameters indicating strength and
      elasticity, e.g. ultimate load, ultimate strength, ultimate strain, modulus of
      elasticity and rate of load increase, rose sharply during the maturation process
      and decreased during senescence. These values correlated with changes in
      insoluble collagen but not with those in elastin or glycosaminoglycans as shown
      in earlier experiments. The relevance of mechanical models to explain age
      dependent changes as compared to descriptive correlations between mechanical and
      biochemical data is discussed.

PMID- 154989
TI  - Explant culture of human and rabbit articular chondrocytes.
AB  - Copious outgrowth of chondrocytes was obtained by explantation from each of three
      rabbit and one surgically-resected human articular cartilages pretreated briefly
      with trypsin. In lapine explants, ascorbate (40 micrograms/ml) increased DNA
      three-fold over control values and resulted in deposition of a chondroid matrix.
      It doubled radiosulfate incorporation by the outgrowths. Up to 56% of the
      sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesized was located in the trypsin-digestible
      pericellular coat compared with about 15% in previous monolayer cultures. The
      collagens synthesized were characterized partially. In rabbit cell cultures, the
      alpha 1:alpha 2 ratio varied from 2.9 to 3.8. In human cultures, an unusual post
      alpha 2 peak was observed. The findings suggest an uncoupling of the phenotypic
      expression of the major cartilaginous macromolecules in the cultures. There were
      no distinctive differences between chondrocytes derived from normal and
      fibrillated human cartilage of the same individual.

PMID- 154990
TI  - Generation of Hall voltage in bone.
AB  - Hall type voltage has been observed in bone and its two major components
      (collagen and apatite) in the region of moderately high electric and magnetic
      fields. The configuration of the sample placement and the experimental set up was
      the same as that adopted in standard Hall measurements. The resistivity of the
      sample has been related to the Hall Coefficients through the standard
      relationship and an estimate of Hall mobility was made. The Hall Coefficients
      were found to be of the order of 10(6) cm3 col-1 while the Hall mobility
      generally was in the region of less than 1 cm2/volt sec. A comparison with drift
      mobility suggests that the latter is at least two to three orders of magnitude
      less than the former. A possible mechanism underlying the said transport
      phenomena is discussed.

PMID- 154992
TI  - Functional differentiation of various types of cardiomyopathies by
      echocardiography.
AB  - Echocardiography was used to compare the left ventricular function in 35 cases of
      congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM), 16 cases of obstructive and 28 cases of non
      obstructive asymmetric septal hypertrophy, 43 cases of scleroderma heart disease,
      21 cases of ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), 2 cases of restrictive
      cardiomyopathy, and one case of cardiac amyloidosis. COCM was characterized by
      left ventricular dilatation, decreased contractility and signs of elevated end
      diastolic pressure. In asymmetric septal hypertrophy there was a decreased
      distensibility of the obstructed left ventricle, both in early and end-diastole,
      but the pump function remained normal. In scleroderma and amyloid heart disease
      both the contractility and distensibility of the small, stiff heart were reduced.
      In restrictive cardiomyopathy the only abnormality was the impaired end-diastolic
      distensibility. Reduced contractility confined primarily to the interventricular
      septum and impaired early diastolic distensibility are the characteristic
      features distinguishing ischaemic cardiomyopathy from COCM. However,
      echocardiography is not suitable for individual differentiation of ICM and COCM.
      The COCM can be differentiated from left ventricular aneurysm by M-mode sector
      scanning technique.

PMID- 154991
TI  - Proteogylcan heterogeneity in embryonic chick articular and epiphyseal
      cartilages.
AB  - Proteoglycans from two regions of the chick limb rudiment (articular and
      epiphyseal) were examined for chemical microheterogeneity. These cartilages are
      composed of at least two series of proteoglycan variants whose glycosaminoglycan
      side chains display microheterogeneity with respect to the proportions of 4- and
      6-linked ester sulfate. Other differences are noted which are consonant with the
      hypothesis that extracellular matrix components may be structurally adapted to a
      tissue's developmental fate or function.

PMID- 154993
TI  - The safety of topically applied clindamycin for acne.

PMID- 154994
TI  - Kyrle's disease.
AB  - A fifty-nine year old man is reported herein with a hyperkeratotic papular
      eruption that clinically and histologically was compatible with Kyrle's disease
      (hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans). Treatment
      with tretinoin (topical vitamine A acid) resulted in a severe inflammatory
      reactions in the lesions which persisted for four monthes and did not prevent a
      mild recurrence of the disease. The clinical and histologic differential
      diagnosis is reviewed perforating folliculitis, reactive perforating
      collagenosis, and elastosis perforans serpiginosa. The close similarity between
      Kyrle's disease and perforating folliculitis often makes absolute diagnosis very
      difficult.

PMID- 154995
TI  - Adverse effects of corticosteroids.
AB  - The introduction of corticosteroids has constitutded the most revolutionary event
      in dermatologic therapy in the last twenty-five years. The effectiveness of
      topical therapy in well diagnosed and obscure dermatoses led to wide applications
      by specialists and general practitioners, and resulted in the development of more
      potent topical steroid preparations. Their enthusiastic acceptance, and often
      indiscriminante use, has been followed by occasional reports of adverse effects.
      After the introduction of occlusive topical steroid therapy under plastic wrap,
      more dramatic therapeutic effects were achieved, but the adverse effects also
      increased. There is presently an abundance of reports elaborating on systemic and
      local adverse reactions resulting from topically applied or intralesionally
      injected steroids. This report summarizes the local side effects of these
      steroids.

PMID- 154996
TI  - Healing of recalcitrant acne by resting the skin.
AB  - A rest treatment for recalcitrant acne in a patient with acne of ten years'
      duration is presented herein.

PMID- 154997
TI  - Idiopathic portal hypertension and chronic arsenic poisoning. Report of a case.
AB  - We report a case of idiopathic portal hypertension which is related to chronic
      arsenic poisoning. Only 7 cases have been reported previously. The patient
      presented with bleeding esophageal varices. Splenomegaly and hyperkeratosis of
      palms and soles were later noted and led to the discovery of chronic arsenic
      poisoning. The hemodynamic studies revealed a gradient between the splenic pulp
      pressure and hepatic wedge pressure which is consistent with presinusoidal
      hypertension. The liver histology revealed only mild portal fibrosis. Arsenic
      poisoning is one cause of idiopathic protal hypertension.

PMID- 154999
TI  - [Attempt of a definite statement on dental care for the handicapped].
AB  - A survey made in cooperation with various institutions for the handicapped
      ascertained the dental coverage and care of the handicapped. Participating in the
      survey were 634 institutions for the handicapped. The study included 98,737
      handicapped individuals treated on both an in-patient and an out-patient basis in
      these institutions. The results of the survey tend to indicate that dental care
      for the handicapped is in need of improvement.

PMID- 154998
TI  - Laparoscopic diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma. Report of a case and review of
      the diagnostic approach.
AB  - This is the second report of a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma diagnosed by
      laparoscopy and guided needle biopsy and the first with photographic
      documentation of the lesion. The case illustrates the following points: (1)
      diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma should be considered in the evaluation of
      exudative ascites; (2) the only definitive diagnostic procedure is to obtain
      tissue for histology; and (3) laparoscopy with biopsies under direct vision is an
      accurate and safe technique which is underutilized and should be considered as
      the diagnostic procedure of choice when peritoneal disease is suspected.

PMID- 155000
TI  - [Current dental care for juveniles--the decision for tomorrow. Chairman's
      introductory notes].

PMID- 155001
TI  - [What are the aims of preventive dentistry for juveniles? Results of 15 years of
      systematic efforts in Switzerland].

PMID- 155002
TI  - [The child as a patient].

PMID- 155003
TI  - [Social and political aspects of pedodontics].

PMID- 155004
TI  - Impairment of olfactory perception in male rats by treatment with p
      chlorophenylalanine and hydrocortisone.
AB  - p-Chlorophenylalanine treatment eliminated the normal male rat preference for the
      female preputial gland odor. Oral administration of hydrocortisone had a similar
      effect on dimethyl sulfite preference, which slowly reappeared after the
      discontinuance of the treatment. These changes of behavior are discussed in
      relation to possible serotonin alterations resulting from the treatments.

PMID- 155005
TI  - Adrenarche: a survey of rodents, domestic animals, and primates.
AB  - The concentrations of the adrenal steroids dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA),
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), and delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4-A)
      have been measured by RIA before and after sexual maturation in plasma of
      rodents, domestic animals, and primates to determine whether these species
      exhibit and adrenarchal process comparable to man. The average concentrations of
      DHA and DHAS were less than 60 ng/dl and 5 microgram/dl, respectively, in plasma
      of sexually mature rodents and domestic animals, and a significant increase in
      the plasma DHA level after sexual maturation was seen only in the rabbit and dog.
      The concentrations of DHA, DHAS, and delta 4-A in 21 rhesus monekeys from 0-3 yr
      of age were 2021 +/- 235 ng/dl (mean +/- SE), 357 +/- 60 microgram/dl, and 107 +/
      9 ng/dl, respectively, and did not increase during sexual maturation. By
      contrast, DHA, DHAS, and delta 4-A levels in plasma of chimpanzees were 5.9-fold,
      3.3-fold, and 4.8-fold greater, respectively, in 7- to 22-compared to 0- to 3-yr
      old animals. Temporally, the increase in DHA levels in the chimpanzee is apparent
      at 5 yr and this precedes the increase in gonadal steroids, as is characteristic
      of human adrenarche. It is apparent that adrenal androgen levels and their
      developmental patterns differ markedly among species, and that among the species
      examined, only the chimpanzee exhibits an adrenarche comparable to that of man.

PMID- 155006
TI  - Formation of steroids by the pregnant mare. VI. Metabolism of [14C]farnesyl
      pyrophosphate and [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone injected into the fetus.
AB  - A mixture of [4,8,12-14C]farnesyl pyrophosphate and [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone
      was injected into a horse fetus im during laparotomy, after which maternal urine
      was collected for 6 days. Steroid conjugates in the urine were extracted with
      Amberlite XAD-2 resin, hydrolyzed, and separated into phenolic and neutral
      fractions. Estrone, 17 alpha-estradiol, equilin [3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10),7
      estratetraen-17-one], and 17 alpha-dihydroequilin [1,3,4(10),7-estratetraene-3,17
      alpha-diol] were isolated from the phenolic fraction and their radiochemical
      purities were established. Only estrone and 17 alpha-estradiol contained both 3H
      and 14C, while the B ring unsaturated estrogens, equilin and 17 alpha
      dihydroequilin, contained only 14C. From the neutral fraction, 14C-labeled 3 beta
      hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, 5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta-20 beta-diol, and 5 alpha
      pregnane-3 beta, 20 alpha-diol were isolated. These results together with our
      previous findings demonstrate that the route of biosynthesis of both the ring B
      saturated and unsaturated estrogens is the same up to the stage of farnesyl
      pyrophosphate. Thus, the bifurcation in the classical pathway of steroid
      biosynthesis is occurring at a point after the formation of farnesyl
      pyrophosphate and before the formation of squalene and cholesterol.

PMID- 155007
TI  - Systolic time intervals and echocardiographic findings in borderline
      hypertension.
AB  - Systolic time intervals, echocardiographic dimensions and hemodynamic parameters
      were determined in 42 borderline hypertensive patients with high cardiac output
      and 33 normal subjects. In borderline hypertensive patients, the preejection
      period was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) and was negatively
      correlated to cardiac index (P less than 0.001). The interventricular septum
      thickness (IVS) was significantly increased (P less than 0.001) while the
      posterior wall thickness (PW) was within normal values. The IVS/PW ratio was
      significantly elevated (P less than 0.001) and was correlated negatively with the
      cardiac index (P less than 0.01) and positively with the preejection period (P
      less than 0.01). These findings suggest that (i) myocardial hypertrophy and
      increased left ventricular performance exist in borderline hypertension, (ii)
      myocardial contractility is reduced as myocardial hypertrophy increases.

PMID- 155008
TI  - [Rearing of germfree rabbits and establishment of an SPF rabbit colony].
AB  - Baby rabbits hysterectomy-derived from conventional Japanese white rabbits were
      reared under aseptic condition by feeding with 4 types of artificial diets.
      Rabbit milk for the artificial diet was obtained from conventional dams at 7--25
      days after delivery. The artificial diets was given by stomach tube twice a day.
      The total volumes of diet given (ml per day) were Y = 2.3X + a (1 to
      approximately 14 days of age), Y = 32.2 + a (l5 to approximately 25 days of age),
      or Y = (32.2 + a) - 37.5 (X - 25) (26 to approximately 34 days of age), (X = age
      in days, a = volumes fed at 0 day of age). After 14 days of age young animals
      were also fed freely sterilized commercial pellets and weaned at 35 days of age.
      Out of 155 rabbits, 130 were aseptically reared till 36 approximately 40 days of
      age, and no difference on weaning rate was seen between the 4 groups of rabbits.
      Thereafter, they were exposed to a barriered room of SPF rabbitry outside the
      isolators. The best growth was seen in animals given by artificial diet
      containing rabbit milk at 40%. The SPF breeding colony of rabbits was found to be
      free of Pasteurella pneumotropica, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Salmonella spp.,
      Eimeria spp., Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Acaritic otistis.

PMID- 155009
TI  - [Rearing of germfree guinea pigs and establishment of an SPF guinea pig colony].
AB  - New born guinea pigs of Hartley strain derived by hysterectomy were fed
      commercial pellets, cow's milk, egg yolk and vitamin mixture since 0 days of age,
      when they were kept at 31 +/- 1 degrees C. Out of 33 animals, 30 were reared for
      40 days under aseptic state and they were transfered to a barrierred facility to
      establish an SPF colony free from Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus
      zooepidemicus (Animal C), Salmonella spp., Tyzzer's organisms, Mycoplasma spp.,
      Reo 3 virus, Sendai virus, Eimeria spp., Chirodiscoides caviae and Gliriocola
      porcelli.

PMID- 155010
TI  - Selective maintenance of neurotrophically regulated proteins in denervated rat
      diaphragm.

PMID- 155012
TI  - Ca2+-ATPase and Ca uptake without requirement for Mg2+ in membrane fractions of
      vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 155011
TI  - Further observations on coupling factor A.

PMID- 155013
TI  - The role of energy-yielding ATPase and respiratory chain at early stages of
      bacteriophage T4 infection.

PMID- 155015
TI  - Is palmoplantar keratoderma of Greither's type a separate nosologic entity?
AB  - 17 patients with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) were detected among 48
      investigated members of the clan O. 5 of these 17 patients had a well-expressed
      hyperkeratosis on their knees. In one family hyperkeratosis of the knees was
      inherited as a dominant feature, but in two other families it was not. The
      observation was made that the expressivity of the disease was fading: while there
      were 15 PPK patients among the 25 investigated members in the generations II and
      III, there were only 2 patients among 22 members in the generations IV and V. In
      addition to PPK incontinentia pigmenti was diagnosed in two instances and pollex
      duplex in one. The question of the identity of PPK of Greither's type is shortly
      discussed.

PMID- 155014
TI  - Reduced T cell reactivity in vasectomized rhesus monkeys: association with
      histocompatibility type.
AB  - The capacity of peripheral lymphocytes from rhesus monkeys which had been
      vasectomized for 7 or 11 years to stimulate and respond to normal rhesus
      lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) was tested to determine whether
      vasectomy affects immunologic reactivity. The ability to respond in MLC, a T cell
      function, was significantly reduced in the 11-year vasectomized animals and in
      two 7-year vasectomized animals. The ability to stimulate in MLC, a B cell
      function, was significantly increased in the 11-year vasectomized group. MLC
      reactivity of normal lymphocytes cultured in plasma from vasectomized animals and
      lymphocytes from vasectomized animals cultured in normal plasma was not altered,
      ruling out serum effects in the reduction of MLC responsiveness in these
      vasectomized animals. Seventy-five per cent of the vasectomized animals with
      markedly reduced MLC reactivity had the RhL-A determinates 19 and 24, indicating
      an association between the tendency toward reduced MLC reactivity after vasectomy
      and histocompatibility type.

PMID- 155017
TI  - Comedo formation following cobalt irradiation.
AB  - After cobalt-60 therapy 3 patients developed open and closed comedones in the
      face corresponding to the treatment fields. Biopsies showed extensive dermal
      elastotic material. It is suggested that the elastotic fibres may contribute to a
      change in the supporting function of the dermis and a secondary sebum retention
      and comedo formation.

PMID- 155016
TI  - Antibiotic sensitivity of gonococcal strains isolated from patients in Basel and
      environs.
AB  - During the first 4 months of 1977, 95 different strains of gonococcus were
      isolated in the out-patient department of the Dermatology Clinic of the
      University of Basel. These were systemically tested for sensitivity to penicillin
      G, spectinomycin, thiamphenicol, doxycycline and rifampicin. The MIC values and
      the diameter of the zones of inhibition were determined. Tests for beta-lactamase
      production were made. A correlation in the degree of sensitivity was observed
      between the following antibiotics: penicillin G/rifampicin; penicillin
      G/thiamphenicol; penicillin G/doxycycline; thiamphenicol/doxycycline;
      thiamphenicol/rifampicin; doxycycline/rifampicin. The size of the inoculum had
      little influence on the activity of the substances, except for that of penicillin
      G against the beta-lactamase-positive reference strains. No beta-lactamase
      producing strains were detected amongst the clinical isolates. In the case of
      penicillin G, there was a correlation between the minimum inhibitory
      concentration and the inhibition-zone diameter.

PMID- 155018
TI  - Changes in light chains of myosin during animal development.

PMID- 155019
TI  - Laparoscopic finding of the gallbladder in a case of intramural gallstones.
AB  - In this 42-year-old-man with suspected cholelithiasis the following finding of
      the serosal surface of the gallbladder was discovered by laparoscopic
      examination: Smooth serosal elevation, dark-greenish in color in a size of the
      small bean; No hypervascularity in the surrounding serosa. This finding was
      confirmed to be due to intramural gallstones. This is the first description of
      the laparoscopic finding of the intramural stones of the gallbladder, which may
      assist in establishing the clinical characteristics of the intramural gallstones.

PMID- 155020
TI  - Fibrinolytic activity in gastric venous blood. A comparison between normal and
      diseased stomachs.
AB  - The fibrinolytic activity of blood draining from the stomachs of patients with
      gastroduodenal disease has been compared with the fibrinolytic activity of blood
      in the systemic venous circulation and with the blood draining from normal
      stomachs. Gastric venous blood from normal and diseased stomachs contains greater
      amounts of plasminogen activator than simultaneously sampled systemic venous
      blood. However, gastric venous fibrinolytic activity does not differ between the
      normal and diseased stomachs and thus indicates that increased gastric venous
      fibrinolysis is not just a characteristic of the diseased stomach. The studies
      suggest that stress may cause activation of the fibrinolytic system in gastric
      venous blood with the release of small amounts of free plasmin. It is postulated
      that local fibrinolysis may play a part in potentiating gastric hemorrhage.

PMID- 155021
TI  - Drug-induced skin eruptions: typical treatments for topical problems.

PMID- 155022
TI  - Vascular dysphagia: cancer is not always the culprit.

PMID- 155023
TI  - [50th anniversary of the G. M. Natadze Research Institute of Sanitation and
      Hygiene of the Ministry of Public Health of the Georgian SSR].

PMID- 155025
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of sewage after purification in storage ponds].

PMID- 155026
TI  - [Benzine deposition in the tissues and organs of pregnant women].

PMID- 155024
TI  - [Dynamics of the physical development of schoolchildren under varying
      environmental pollution conditions in light of the problem acceleration].

PMID- 155028
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the rotor complexes used in the stripping operations at
      the Stoilenskii Mine].

PMID- 155027
TI  - [Frequency of chronic upper respiratory tract and skin diseases in workers in the
      manufacture of synthetic detergents according to medical examination data].

PMID- 155029
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the automated and mechanized work of the machine shop
      workers in power machinery building enterprises].

PMID- 155030
TI  - [State of the immunobiological reactivity of the body in the workers of turkey
      raising poultry factories].

PMID- 155032
TI  - Hospitals work to meet the letter and spirit of the law.

PMID- 155031
TI  - [Dendritic spine distribution along the apical dendrites of the pyramidal neurons
      in Down's syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 155033
TI  - Origin of the extra chromosome in trisomy 21.
AB  - Of 61 families of children with trisomy 21, polymorphism of chromosome 21
      elucidating the origin of the extra chromosome was found in 42. Nondisjunction
      was of paternal origin in 8 cases (19.04%) and the anomaly occurred with equal
      frequency during the first and second meiotic divisions. Maternal nondisjunction
      was demonstrated in 34 cases (80.95%), in which nondisjunction occurred by far
      the most often during the first meiotic division (29 cases). These results are in
      agreement with data from the literature, and suggest the existence of at least
      two different causes for chromosomal nondisjunction, the first being the same in
      both sexes and occurring in both meiotic divisions and the second specifically
      limited to the first meiotic division in the mother.

PMID- 155034
TI  - Down's syndrome with 45 chromosomes.

PMID- 155035
TI  - Cytogenetic profile of Down's syndrome in India.

PMID- 155036
TI  - Planning, budgeting and cost control in HMOs.

PMID- 155037
TI  - In defense of the 'arrogant bureaucrats'.

PMID- 155039
TI  - Dimensions in hospital case mix measurement.

PMID- 155038
TI  - Designation of physician shortage areas: the problem of specialty mix variations.

PMID- 155040
TI  - Regulating competition in a nonprofit industry: the problem of forprofit
      hospitals.

PMID- 155041
TI  - Who shops for medical care in a southern rural community--how much and why.

PMID- 155043
TI  - Some policy implications of the relationship between health services and health.

PMID- 155044
TI  - [Physical education for spina bifida children in special schools for the
      physically handicapped (primary school)].
AB  - With a rate of 0.5-1/1,000 of the total number of births in West Germany, spina
      bifida is next to cerebral paresis one of the most frequent congenital defects.
      Altogether, fifty places in special schools are needed per one million of
      inhabitants for spina bifida children. The loss of physical unctions is
      comparable to that in the case of paraplegia. The variety of medical and
      psychological problems makes the cooperation of highly different branches of
      study indispensible in a rehabilitation team (neurosurgeon, neuropediatrician,
      urologist, orthopaedist, pediatrician, educator, social worker, physical
      therapist). Each team member must be informed about the complete rehabilitation
      plan. These children's shortage of environmental experience is mainly due to
      their backwardness as regards motoric development, which cannot be recovered by
      means of individual physical therapy alone. On the other hand, additional,
      specifically selected and organised physical education makes possible the
      necessary mobility and social experiences. By giving the children exercises
      suitable for their ages it is hoped to achieve a late maturation and
      stabilization of the personality. In choosing the exercises it is first of all
      necessary to go back to the so-called fundamental activities like climbing,
      hanging by one's hands, sliding, pushing oneself up off the ground, swinging or
      throwing and catching, before going on to wheel-chair sports. Wheel-chair sport
      promises a varied selection for group exercises (games) and for everyday use.
      Using the wheel-chair as sports equipment, it is possible for persons with other
      types of locomotive handicaps to be integrated into the group. For physical
      education in special schools the pupils whould be arranged into groups according
      to their ability in order to keep the groups as homogenous and the children's
      chances as equal as possible. The most important teaching criteria are in this
      case: the creation of a happy atmosphere, a high degree of clarity, the
      fulfilment of individual inclinations, the encouragement of independence, the
      development of community life and the fulfilment of everyday tasks. In swimming,
      the spina bifida child differs from the normal child in his greater initial fear
      and in the existence of contractions, a scoliosis, hyperlordosis or -kyphosis due
      to the resultant instability of the water. Because of this, specifically oriented
      swim- and work-aids must be used. The didactic procedure is then the same as in
      the case of normal children. After the child's familiarity with and safety in the
      water is assured, one can proceed to individual swimming techniques and in a few
      cases to sport swimming. Bacteriological examination of the water did not yield
      any results which could cause objection on the grounds of hygiene.

PMID- 155042
TI  - Who should do the surgery? Tonsillectomy-adenoidectomy in one Canadian province.

PMID- 155045
TI  - Down's infants: an interdisciplinary approach involving parents.

PMID- 155046
TI  - Impact of chronic illness on child and family: an overview based on five surveys
      with implications for management.
AB  - For the past eight years the Rochester Child Health Group has systematically
      investigated chronic illness in childhood with the goal of minimizing the
      psychosocial sequelae of chronic illness through more optimal management. This
      overview examines the impact of chronic illness on 404 children and their
      families in five separate studies: 1) 209 children in a follow-up of all children
      with chronic symptoms in a previous random sampling of children; 2) 42 children
      with juvenile arthritis; 3) 44 nephrotic children; 4) 54 asthmatic children; 5)
      55 chronically ill children living in rural areas of Western New York.
      Information was obtained through parental interviews, school reports, and
      psychological testing of the child. The percentage of parents reporting impact of
      the child's illness on family differed according to study population. The
      percentage reporting areas of impact according to severity of the illness is as
      follows: worry, 75--97; financial, 46--60; fatigue of parent, 31--65; change in
      sleep arrangements, 17--31; change in furnishings, 15--40; less social life for
      parents, 12--35; restrictions on travel, 13--40; parental friction, 9--20;
      sibling neglect, 10--20; sibling resentment, 10--25; embarrassment, 12--20;
      interference from relatives, 5--17. Over half the parents felt their child's
      future education, job chances, and social life would be affected. One third
      reported activity limitations. Compared to a control group of children, a
      significantly greater percentage of parents of the chronically ill reported
      teacher concern about their child's effort and behavior, and showed concern about
      the child having too few friends. Two of the three studies in which psychological
      appraisals were obtained suggested that more of the ill children than controls
      showed indices of maladjustment. School information from two studies showed more
      of the ill children than controls underachieving and being referred to a school
      psychologist. Work by the Rochester Child Health Group has pointed up several
      ways in which providers of care can more optimally assist families in order to
      minimize these problems: 1) identifying families at risk at the onset to find
      which families may require special support; 2) Assuring that family and all care
      providers know who is orchestrating care, and that all areas of care are being
      provided; 3) Assuring that where necessary, an outreach person is meeting the
      needs of the family and child on an intensive, sustained, caring and creative
      basis.

PMID- 155047
TI  - Teaching mathematics to a multihandicapped girl: a case study.

PMID- 155048
TI  - The influence of calcium on lens ATPase activity.
AB  - The activities of ouabain-sensitive (Na-5-) and ouabain-insensitive ATPases were
      determined in 3.6 mM calcium-containing and calcium-free media. Three lens tissue
      segments were studied: the epithelium/capsule segment, the anterior cortical
      segment and the posterior cortical segment. In the presence of calcium, the Na-K
      ATPase activity in each segment was reduced, whereas the ouabain-insensitive
      ATPase activity in each segment was increased.

PMID- 155050
TI  - [Comparative study of the effect of Adona on the plasma volume].
AB  - The perfusion of a physiological sodium chloride (Ringer) solution, with the
      addition of 200 mg/l of Adona, yields a volumetrical effect which lasts for 4 h.
      After 4 h, the plasma volume shows an average increase of +13%. Perfusions of a
      physiological NaCl-solution by itself, or of a gelatine solution do not display
      any volumetrical effect 4 h after the beginning of the perfusion. In the majority
      of surgical interventions, the surgeon may replace the solution of gelatine and
      of Dextran which are expansive to store and not devoid of side effects, by a
      physiological sodium chloride (Ringer) solution to which have been added 2
      ampouls of 100 mg/l each (20 ml/l) of Adona.

PMID- 155049
TI  - Chalones and stroma as possible growth-limiting factors in the rat ventral
      prostate.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the mechanism that limits the growth of the rat
      ventral prostate, atrophied ventral prostates from orchiectomized inbred rats
      were implanted into the ventral prostate of other inbred rats. Under the
      influence of endogenous or exogenous androgen the DNA content of the ventral
      prostates was increased above normal. This indicates that there is no soluble
      growth inhibitor diffused in the normal prostate in a concentration sufficient to
      block cell divisions of the epithelial cells. In other experiments pieces of
      plastic sponge were implanted into the rat ventral prostate. Orchiectomy and
      subsequent androgen treatment led to an increased cell number in the prostate.
      Histologic examination revealed an ingrowth of loose connective tissue and also
      of normal-looking prostatic tissue in the sponge. The results suggest that
      implantation of pieces of sponge induced increased growth of the fibromuscular
      stroma and a secondary proliferation of the epithelial cells. A growth control of
      the prostatic epithelial cells by the fibromuscular stroma is suggested.

PMID- 155051
TI  - Benign hereditary (dominant) chorea of early onset.
AB  - Two siblings (one girl 7 1/2 and one boy 6 1/2) are described with a choreic
      syndrome dating from early childhood without other neurological abnormalities.
      The father was similarly affected but has markedly improved. Extensive
      neurological work-up and family history permitted to rule out numerous conditions
      known to cause abnormal movements in childhood. The clinical entity corresponds
      to the recently described syndrome of hereditary benign non progressive chorea.
      To our knowledge it is the first described family with this entity in
      Switzerland. The relevant literature is reviewed particularly as it pertains to
      the genetic unity of the syndrome. Its importance lies in its differentiation
      from the other more severe hereditary abnormal movements of childhood, its non
      progression and tendency to improve with time. The possible reasons for the only
      very recent recognition of this purely clinical syndrome are also discussed.

PMID- 155052
TI  - A new uterine mobilizer for laparoscopy.

PMID- 155053
TI  - Intraocular lens fixation with dacron.
AB  - To overcome the problem of postoperative lens dislocation, we evaluated a new
      means of lens fixation. Our experimental studies in rabbits and primates
      demonstrated that Dacron polyethylene terephtalate induced a cellular reaction
      from either the anterior or posterior iris surface when placed in contact with
      the iris, thereby establishing a bond between the Dacron fibers and the iris.
      Dacron mesh can be attached to the distal portion of either the anterior or
      posterior loops of a Binkhorst iris clip (4-loop) lens. In the rabbit eye, lens
      fixation occurred within five days; in the primate eye, 30 days. When combined
      with silk, Dacron produced tissue ingrowth in the primate eye within 14 days. No
      unwanted reaction occurred in any animal with the Dacron and silk combination.
      Being biodegradable, the silk induced faster cellular ingrowth than the Dacron.
      However, Dacron, which is not biodegradable, provided a permanent means of
      fixation.

PMID- 155055
TI  - Effects of various concentrations of MgATP on the superprecipitation and ATPase
      activity of scallop striated muscle myosin B1.
AB  - 1. The superprecipitation and ATPase activity of scallop striated muscle myosin B
      showed essentially the same biphasic pattern as that of vertebrate skeletal
      muscle myosin B in its responses to changes in the MgATP concentration. Ca2+ had
      no effect at MgATP concentrations less than 10(-5) M. 2. The superprecipitation
      of gizzard myosin B showed a weak biphasic pattern, but its ATPase activity
      showed no sign of a biphasic pattern up to 3 x10(-3) M MgATP, in accord with the
      result of Bremel (1974). 3. Thus scallop striated muscle is classified into the
      same group as vertebrate skeletal muscle as far as its response to changes in
      MgATP concentration is concerned. Gizzard is distinct from the other two kinds of
      muscle.

PMID- 155056
TI  - 'Freezing' of the calcium-regulated structures of gizzard thin filaments by
      glutaraldehyde.
AB  - Reconstituted thin filaments (the actin-tropomyosin-leiotonin complex) of chicken
      gizzard were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde either in the presence or absence
      of Ca2+. The ability of resultant thin filaments to activate myosin ATPase was
      'frozen' in the activated or inactivated state, respectively. This result clearly
      indicates the existence of actin-linked regulation in smooth muscle.

PMID- 155054
TI  - Depolymerization of brain microtubules by skeletal muscle myosin.
AB  - Brain microtubules are found to disperse rods of skeletal muscle myosin and
      become decorated with amorphous aggregates of myosin. Then microtubules are
      partially depolymerized by myosin. Myosin shows high Mg2+-GTPase activity which
      is not influenced by microtubules, and induces the partial depolymerization of
      microtubules by exhaustion of GTP in the solution. H-meromyosin depolymerizes
      microtubules like myosin does. H-meromyosin is, however, contaminated with a
      trace amount of trypsin, which irreversibly depolymerizes microtubules.

PMID- 155058
TI  - Purification and reconstitution of the N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive
      ATPase complex from spinach chloroplasts.
AB  - The dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive ATPase from spinach chloroplast has been
      isolated. On sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, seven different polypeptides were seen.
      Five of these polypeptides coincided with the CF1 subunits, a 7,500-dalton
      peptide was identified as the proteolipid which interacts with
      [14C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and there was a 15,500-dalton hydrophobic
      polypeptide with unknown function. In two-dimentional gels, two additional
      peptides were resolved, one 17,500 daltons (co-migrating in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate gels with subunit delta) and one 13,500 daltons (co-migrating with
      subunit epsilon). Reconstitution was obtained by freezing and thawing the complex
      with a crude mixture of phospholipids. After reconstitution the complex catalyzed
      32P1-ATP exchange (rates of 200 to 400 nmoles x mg-1 x min-1) and ATP formation
      during acid-to-base transition. These reactions were inhibited by
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and uncouplers. Uncouplers at low concentrations
      stimulated and at high concentrations inhibited the Mg2+-ATPase activity. ATP
      hydrolysis and 32P1-ATP exchange were catalyzed by the complex in the presence of
      either Mg2+ or Mn2+ but not with Ca2+ or Co2+. ATP and GTP were substrates for
      the exchange reaction but not ADP or CTP.

PMID- 155057
TI  - The mechanism of the irreversible inhibition ofrat liver phenylalanine
      hydroxylase due to treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine. The lack of effect on
      turnover of phenylalanine hydroxylase.
AB  - The administration of a single dose of p-chlorophenylalanine (360 mg/kg) to rats
      leads to the irreversible loss of 90% of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase
      activity after 24 h. This loss of activity is not the result of either an
      alteration in the overall structure of the enzyme, as determined by its
      antigenicity, or in the total immunologically reactive protein in the liver, as
      tested with a specific antiserum prepared against native phenylalanine
      hydroxylase. Neither the rate of synthesis nor the rate of degradation of
      phenylalanine hydroxylase is changed by p-chlorophenylalanine (pClPhe) treatment.
      The half-life for the enzyme is about 2 days in control and in pClPhe-treated
      rats. In addition, there is no detectable incorporation of pClPhe into the
      phenylalanine hydroxylase molecule itself.

PMID- 155059
TI  - The action of trypsin on the gastric (H+ + K+)-ATPase.
AB  - The effect of trypsin on gastric (H+ + K+)-ATPase and K+-phosphatase was studied.
      Loss of both enzymic activities was biphasic, consisting of a fast and slow
      phase. Several peptides were produced from the original 105,000-dalton region of
      the sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoretic separation, but only two, 87,000 and
      47,000 daltons, were labeled following incubation with [gamma-33P]ATP. After a 30
      min hydrolysis, 35% of the original peptide remained unaltered and appeared to be
      a glycoprotein. ATP and ADP abolished the second phase of tryptic inactivation of
      both activities and only two peptides, of 78,000 and 30,000 daltons, were found
      on the acrylamide gel in addition to the original 105,000-dalton region, neither
      of which was labeled by [gamma-33P]ATP. The protection was specific for these
      nucleotides, AMP, beta, gamma-methylene ATP, TTP, and pNPP being ineffective. Na+
      and K+ at high concentrations reduced the rate of loss of activity but no change
      in the peptides produced was found. The level of phosphoenzyme was increased 2
      fold by trypsin treatment, whereas the quantity of K+-sensitive phosphoenzyme
      remained relatively constant. Thus, the 105,000-dalton region is heterogeneous,
      consisting of a catalytic subunit (the active site is on a 47,000-dalton
      fragment), a glycoprotein, and another 105,000-dalton peptide. The action of
      trypsin is initially to prevent interconversion of a K+-insensitive to a K+
      sensitive form of the phosphoenzyme, thus inhibiting hydrolysis.

PMID- 155060
TI  - The effects of vanadate on the plasma membrane ATPase of Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 155061
TI  - The use of arylazido-beta-alanyl-ATP as a photoaffinity label for the isolated
      and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase complex.
AB  - The effects of a photoaffinity derivate of ATP, arylazido-beta-alanyl-ATP, 3'-O
      (3-[N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]propionyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate, on
      submitochondrial particles and the partially purified ATPase complex of beef
      heart mitochondria have been investigated. In the absence of light the ATP
      analogue has been found to be a substrate for the E132PA1P1-ATP exchange reaction
      of submitochondrial particles. When photoirradiated in the presence of arylazido
      beta-alanyl-ATP, the ATPase activity and the the the [32P]Pi-ATP exchange
      reaction are inhibited maximally 80%. Arylazido-beta-alanyl-ATP following
      photolysis is a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to ATP while arylazido-beta
      alanine, the azido-containing adjunct of the ATP analogue, has no inhibitory
      effect under the same conditions. The inactivating effect of arylazido-beta
      alanyl-ATP is prevented in part by the presence of ATP, or ADP and pyrophosphate.
      Photolabeling produces a covalent binding of the derivative with the F1ATPase
      being the major protein labeled. The binding of 0.22 mumol of arylazido-beta
      alanyl-ATP/mg of mitochondrial protein is associated with a maximal inhibitory
      effect. The ATPase activity of the partially purified ATPase complex is also
      sensitive to photoirradiation in the presence of arylazido-beta-alanyl-ATP. When
      the ATPase complex is associated with liposomes there is an increase in the
      specific ATPase activity with a 10-fold increase in Vmax and a 4-fold decrease in
      KmATP associated with a parallel increase in the apparent affinity and maximal
      inhibitory effect of the arylazido-beta-alanyl-ATP. The photoinhibition of the
      ATPase complex in the presence of arylazido-beta-alanyl-ATP results in covalent
      binding of 1.6 mumol of arylazido-beta-alanyl-ATP/mg of protein. The alpha and
      beta subunits are the only components of the ATPase complex labeled by the
      [3H]arylazido-beta-alanyl-ATP. The relationship between the arylazido-beta-alanyl
      ATP-labeled sites and the nucleotide binding sites on the mitochondrial ATPase is
      discussed.

PMID- 155062
TI  - Axonemal adenosine triphosphatases from flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
      Purification of two dyneins.

PMID- 155063
TI  - Thyroid hormone stimulates synthesis of a cardiac myosin isozyme. Comparison of
      the two-two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of the cyanogen bromide peptides
      of cardiac myosin heavy chains from euthyroid and thyrotoxic rabbits.
AB  - The CNBr peptides of [14C]carboxymethylated cardiac myosin heavy chains from
      euthyroid and thyrotoxic rabbits have been compared using a two-dimensional
      electrophoretic system. The results indicated that there were extensive
      differences in the peptide "maps" of these heavy chains, which included
      differences in the distribution of radiolabeled thiol peptides. Also, the
      patterns of heavy chain peptides from the cardiac myosins have been compared with
      those produced by the heavy chain myosin isozymes from skeletal muscles. Peptide
      maps of heavy chains from red skeletal muscle myosin closely resembled the
      pattern of peptides found with cardiac myosin heavy chains from euthyroid
      rabbits. However, peptide maps of heavy chains from white skeletal muscle myosin
      were dissimilar to those of the cardiac myosin isozymes. We conclude that
      thyroxine administration stimulates the synthesis of a cardiac myosin isozyme
      with a heavy chain primary structure which is different from either of the
      skeletal muscle myosin isozymes.

PMID- 155064
TI  - The mechanism of the skeletal muscle myosin ATPase. I. Identity of the myosin
      active sites.
AB  - In the present study, the question of whether the two myosin active sites are
      identical with respect to ATP binding and hydrolysis was reinvestigated. The
      stoichiometry of ATP binding to myosin, heavy meromyosin, and subfragment-1 was
      determined by measuring the fluorescence enhancement caused by the binding of
      MgATP. The amount of irreversible ATP binding and the magnitude of the initial
      ATP hydrolysis (initial Pi burst) was determined by measuring [gamma-32P]ATP
      hydrolysis with and without a cold ATP chase in a three-syringe quenched flow
      apparatus. The results show that, under a wide variety of experimental
      conditions: 1) the stoichiometry of ATP binding ranges from 0.8 to 1 mol of
      ATP/myosin active site for myosin, heavy meromyosin, and subfragment-1, 2) 80 to
      100% of this ATP binding is irreversible, 3) 70 to 90% of the irreversibly bound
      ATP is hydrolyzed in the initial Pi burst, 4) the first order rate constant for
      the rate-limiting step in ATP hydrolysis by heavy meromyosin is equal to the
      steady state heavy meromyosin ATPase rate only if the latter is calculated on the
      basis of two active sites per heavy meromyosin molecule. It is concluded that the
      two active sites of myosin are identical with respect to ATP binding and
      hydrolysis.

PMID- 155065
TI  - The mechanism of the skeletal muscle myosin ATPase. II. Relationship between the
      fluorescence enhancement induced by ATP and the initial Pi burst.
AB  - A major question about the mechanism of the myosin ATPase is how much of the
      fluorescence change which accompanies the binding of ATP to myosin is due to the
      conformational change induced by ATP and how much is due to the subsequent
      hydrolysis of ATP in the initial Pi burst. Several laboratories have suggested
      that the maximal rate of the fluorescence change represents the rate of the
      irreversible conformational change induced by ATP. In the present study, the rate
      of irreversible ATP binding, the rate of the initial Pi burst, and the rate of
      the fluorescence enhancement were compared under varied conditions. The results
      show that: 1) the fluorescence enhancement is mainly due to the hydrolysis of ATP
      in the initial Pi burst rather than to the conformational change induced by the
      binding of ATP; 2) the rate of the initial Pi burst is considerably slower than
      the rate of irreversible ATP binding at high ATP concentration; 3) the rate of
      the initial Pi burst is almost the same as the rate of the fluorescence
      enhancement. Therefore, the maximum rate of the fluorescence enhancement
      represents the rate of the initial Pi burst rather than the rate of the
      conformational change induced by ATP binding.

PMID- 155066
TI  - Characterization of the plasma membrane Mg2+-ATPase from the yeast, Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - The plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a Mg2+-dependent ATPase which
      is distinct from the mitochondrial Mg2+-ATPase and at the pH optimum of 5.5 has a
      Km for ATP of 1.7 mM and a Vmax of 0.42 mumol of ATP hydrolyzed/mg/min. At least
      three protein components of the crude membrane (Mr = 210,000, 160,000 and
      115,000) are labeled with [gamma"32P]ATP at pH 5.5. These phosphoproteins form
      rapidly in the presence of Mg2+, rapidly turn over the bound phosphate when
      unlabeled ATP is added, and dephosphorylate after incubation in the presence of
      hydroxylamine. Vanadate, an inhibitor of the Mg2+-ATPase activity, blocks the
      phosphorylation of the 210,000- and 115,000-dalton proteins. At pH 7.0, only the
      210,000- and 160,000-dalton proteins are phosphorylated. While these three
      phosphorylated intermediates have not been unambiguously identified as components
      of the Mg2+-ATPase, the finding of such phosphorylated components in association
      with that activity implies that this enzyme differs in mechanism from the
      mitochondrial proton pump and that it is similar in mechanism to the metal ion
      pumps ((Na+-K+)-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase) of the mammalian plasma membrane.

PMID- 155067
TI  - Covalent modification of human alpha-thrombin with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Effect
      of phosphopyridoxylation on the interaction of thrombin with heparin.

PMID- 155068
TI  - A protein inhibitor of the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase complex of rat
      liver. Purification and characterization.
AB  - A heat-stable protein has been purified from rat liver mitochondria which
      inhibits the ATP hydrolytic activity of both the soluble and membrane-bound
      mitochondrial F1-ATPase. The overall purification is about 2400-fold with the
      major purification step consisting of Sephadex "affinity" chromatography. The
      purified rat liver inhibitor is homogeneous as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 12,300.
      Amino acid analysis reveals a high content of glutamic acid, lysine, and arginine
      and the absence of cysteine, proline and methionine. Whether tested with the rat
      liver or bovine heart ATPase, the liver inhibitor is equally as potent and
      specific as the heart inhibitor preparation of Pullman and Monroy (Pullman, M.E.,
      and Monroy, G.C. (1963) J. Biol. Chem. 238, 3762-3769). Although the results
      presented show that the rat liver ATPase inhibitor resembles closely the ATPase
      inhibitors from other tissues with respect to specific activity and reaction
      specificity, it is important to note that the rat liver inhibitor is almost 2000
      daltons larger than the bovine heart inhibitor, about 5000 daltons larger than
      ATPase inhibitors of yeast, and contains significantly more lysine residues than
      both the bovine heart and yeast inhibitors.

PMID- 155069
TI  - Multiple forms of Acanthamoeba myosin I.

PMID- 155070
TI  - Arterio-venous shunt with percutaneous leads in calves for long-term in vivo
      testing of blood-contact materials.
AB  - In six calves an extracorporeal arteriovenous shunt in combination with a
      successful type of percutaneous lead has been implanted. Flow chambers with
      various test materials can be inserted. Preliminary results show that this shunt
      can be used for long term tests for evaluation of blood contact material and
      studies about thrombus formation in an ex vivo setting as well as for permanent
      blood access for the purpose of various measurements, drug application and for
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 155071
TI  - Infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.

PMID- 155072
TI  - [Unusual procedures in the cure of aneurisms of the subrenal aorta (author's
      transl)].
AB  - From 1959 to 1977, out of 419 aneurisms of the subrenal aorta operated on, 84
      were by unusual procedures: --25 restoratory endo-aneurismorraphies with thrombo
      endarterectomy were carried out for small aneurisms in young subjects; --4 were
      enveloped in dacron (in particular for a risk of distal acute post-operative
      thrombosis); --in 55 cases, these were high risk surgical subjects where
      conventional treatment by removal of the aneurism and graft appeared to have a
      bad prognosis: 43 were treated by axillo-femoral by pass with ligature of the
      aorta just above the aneurism either for acute arterial obstruction with sensory
      and motor ischemia, or for embolism or for subjacent obstruction; 12 large
      advanced aneurisms with fissures of tears were treated by axillo-bifemoral by
      pass and exclusion. Depending on the results obtained, are deduced the operative
      indications for these procedures.

PMID- 155073
TI  - [Treatment of post-operative ventral hernia: elementary biomechanical basis.
      Report of 51 cases treated by mersilene mesh (author's transl)].
AB  - Elementary functional anatomy of the normal abdominal wall and following
      incisional hernia are described. The treatment of postoperative hernia should be
      based on this: its object is to restore the morphology and functions of the
      abdominal wall, in particular its respiratory function. It may be necessary to
      carry out gradual pneumo-peritoneum before parietal repair. A mersilene mesh was
      used by the authors in 51 cases. Certain rules should be observed when this
      prosthesis is placed in position so that the abdominal muscles find the
      conditions closest to their normal function.

PMID- 155074
TI  - Endocrine features of an adrenal-like tumor of the ovary.
AB  - Detailed in vivo endocrine studies of a virilizing adrenal-like tumor of the
      ovary are reported. A nonspecific steroidogenic baseline profile was observed in
      the face of clearcut histological adrenal-like features. Dynamic testing
      disclosed incomplete dexamethasone-related steroidogenic suppression suggestive
      of partial tumoral autonomy. At the same time, the observation of sizable
      dexamethasone-related steroidogenic decrements, unaccounted for by normal adrenal
      contribution, may be interpreted to suggest a direct, pharmacological, inhibitory
      effect of dexamethasone on tumoral and/or ovarian stromal steroidogenesis. These
      observations confirm the limited role of baseline steroid profiling and dynamic
      testing in the preoperative localization of androgen-secreting tumors. Reversible
      dysfunction of hypothalamic gonadotropic feedback mechanisms was suggested by
      combined single dose LRH-clomiphene testing. Complete resolution followed tumor
      removal.

PMID- 155075
TI  - Mechanism of the hypocalcemic effect of mithramycin.
AB  - Mithramycin is effective in the treatment of hypercalcemia. The mechanism of its
      hypocalcemic effect was studied in six patients with hypercalcemia by serum 85Sr
      or 45Ca kinetic techniques. Mithramycin was given at two dosage levels (25 or 50
      microgram/kg iv). Mithramycin at the low dosage had little effect on the rate of
      bone accretion. However, at both dosage levels, mithramycin caused an upward
      shift of the slope of the specific activity curve, indicating an inhibitory
      effect on bone resorption. This effect started 6-12 h after a 25-microgram/kg
      dose of mithramycin and lasted from 4-6 days. It appears that mithramycin has a
      preferential effect on bone resorption.

PMID- 155077
TI  - Human C4-binding protein. Association with immune complexes in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - C4-binding protein (bp), a glycoprotein with specific binding affinity for the
      activated form of C4 (C4b), has recently been isolated from human serum and
      partially characterized. This report demonstrates that C4-bp is incorporated into
      soluble immune complexes after complement activation in vitro. The reaction
      requires Ca++ ions and the presence of C4 in serum. Immunopathological studies of
      various forms of glomerulonephritis revealed intense C4-bp deposition in
      glomeruli from patients with immune-complex type of pathogenesis. C4-bp
      deposition was in close correlation with that of C4. These observations, together
      with the in vitro association of C4-bp to immune complexes, support the notion
      that the deposits in glomeruli represent the local accumulation of immune
      complexes.

PMID- 155076
TI  - Changes in lymphocyte activity after thermal injury. The role of suppressor
      cells.
AB  - The high incidence of fatal septicemia associated with severe thermal injury is
      believed to result from a loss of immunocompetence. To detect burn-mediated
      immune defects, lymphocyte function in peripheral blood leukocytes from 18
      individuals sustaining 20-80% full thickness thermal burns was investigated. We
      examined the kinetics of the mitogen responses, the development of suppressive
      activity, and the correlation of mononuclear cell functional abnormalities with
      the incidence of sepsis. Patients were divided into three groups corresponding to
      their clinical course. The phytohemagglutinin responses of Ficoll-Hypaque
      purified leukocytes from eight of these patients (group III) were normal at day 1
      2 after injury, but were significantly depressed (mean 16% of normal) at days 5
      10 after injury. All of these group III patients experienced multiple, severe,
      septic episodes, and septic mortality was 75%. The other 10 burned individuals
      showed either augmented (group II) or unaltered (group I) mitogen responsiveness.
      Concomitant with evaluation of their mitogen responses, the cells of burn
      patients were assessed for development of suppressive activity by addition to on
      going normal mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR). Only the addition of mononuclear
      cells with depressed phytohemagglutinin responsiveness (group III) significantly
      decreased MLR proliferation (mean 80% reduction) by the previously highly
      responsive, normal MLR combinations. Addition of cells from group III burn
      patients collected immediately after injury had no suppressive effect. Addition
      of cells from patients in group I or II or of normal individual's cells had no
      suppressive effect. These experimental results strongly suggest that a
      suppressive mononuclear cell is at least partially responsible for the decreased
      immunocompetence of burn patients.

PMID- 155078
TI  - Trend analysis of jaw jerk action potential-amplitude data.
AB  - The amplitude of the jaw jerk action potential (MSP) is a parameter with
      potential diagnostic value. It has apparently a large and irregular variation
      which has not yet been subjected to a thorough analysis. It is important to know
      if samples of MSP contain trends. The occurrence of trends indicates that the
      average value is influenced in a principally different way by changes in the
      number of observations per sample than if trends do not occur. If, for instance,
      there is a positive linear trend in the data, this means that the average value
      is larger if the number of observations is small. Samples of MSPs therefore were
      recorded, using surface EMG electrodes in the masseter and the anterior temporal
      muscles of young and elderly subjects, and subjected to trend analysis. Trends of
      the 1--4th grade occurred in 51% of the samples. Both positive and negative
      linear trends were found and had about the same frequency. The trend components
      were, however, randomly distributed. Comparisons between groups may therefore be
      made without the claim of trend-free samples. This significantly facilitates the
      use of the parameter MSP-amplitude, since it is difficult to obtain samples which
      have a normal and identical distribution.

PMID- 155079
TI  - Standard values of the amplitude of jaw jerk action potential and differences due
      to age, sex and L-dopa treatment.
AB  - The amplitude of the jaw jerk action potential (MSP) is a parameter with possible
      diagnostic value. Standard values have, however, not yet been established. MSPs
      were recorded using surface EMG electrodes in the masseter and the anterior
      temporal muscles of young and elderly healthy males and females. The group means
      ranged from 0.26 to 2.11 mV in the masseter and from 0.17 to 0.81 mV in the
      anterior temporalis. The amplitude of MSP was higher in females than in males,
      decreased in elderly subjects and lower in the temporalis than in the masseter.
      The jaw jerk action potentials also were recorded in four subjects before and
      after L-Dopa administration. The amplitude increased by about 90%. It is
      concluded that the parameter MSP amplitude can be useful in the studies of muscle
      spindle sensitivity and the influence of various physiological,
      pathophysiological and pharmacological factors on the nervous regulation and
      muscle function in the masticatory system.

PMID- 155080
TI  - Care of the handicapped.

PMID- 155081
TI  - Grants to support training programs in dental care for the handicapped.

PMID- 155082
TI  - Reasonable expectations in geriatric rehabilitation.
AB  - Rehabilitation and traditional medical treatment have different primary
      orientations within philosophic, operational and time frameworks. As a result,
      traditionally trained physicians often do not understand the possible benefits of
      energetic rehabilitation efforts in the elderly. Accurate assessment includes
      differentiating the irreversible handicaps of normal aging from the disabilities
      of remediable disease. Such assessment is the essential prerequisite of effective
      rehabilitation; together with positive attitudes and continuous reevaluation, the
      likelihood of a successful outcome is greatly enhanced.

PMID- 155083
TI  - [The effects of intraocular irrigating solutions on the human corneal endothelium
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Human corneas from enucleated eyes get thicker during perfusion with B.S.S. On
      the contrary, their thickness decreases when perfused with T.C. Earle solution.
      Addition of reduced glutathion and adenosine does not change the results obtained
      with T.C. Earle. Histological study of the endothelium after a 24 hours perfusion
      demonstrates a better conservation of the cells with T.C. Earle and T.C. Earle
      glutathion--adenosine than with B.S.S.

PMID- 155084
TI  - [Drainage of subretinal fluid: technic and results].
AB  - The drainage of subretinal fluid (S.R.F.) after choroidal diathermy offers a
      distinct advantage: important reduction of massive haemorrhages from the drainage
      site (4% vs 48% in the non diathermy group in our series). According to us it is
      not a decisive factor for the anatomical prognosis because complications of
      drainage in themselves seem to be a quite infrequent cause of anatomical failure.
      On the other hand we think that visual outcome is better in the diathermy group
      because of a diminution of macular haemorrhages.

PMID- 155086
TI  - [A new lacrimal intubation set (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report a new lacrimal intubation set made with two very malleable
      metal probes and with a silicone tube. The system can be used during the repair
      of the nasolacrimal duct injuries, during dacryorhinocystostomy, and also for the
      repair of canaliculus injuries with the little set.

PMID- 155085
TI  - [Massive bilateral orbito-palpebral hematoma complicating acute myeloblastic
      leukemia].
AB  - The authors present a case of acute mieloblastic leucemia, having as an unique
      symptom a massive bilateral orbito-palpebral hematoma, but having not other
      symptoms of the hemoragipar syndroms common in acute leucemiae. After a short
      period of retreat of the disease, the goeson, leading to death.

PMID- 155087
TI  - [A criticism of Lancaster's test and its variations (its inadequacies during the
      study of oculomotor paralyses) (author's transl)].
AB  - Lancaster's test has many technical inconveniences : Its interpretation is
      sometimes difficult or impossible. The information it gives is often incomplete.
      It is of no value in cases with binocular motor lesions. It should always be
      combined with other oculomotor examinations.

PMID- 155088
TI  - [Is the Fadenoperation easy or difficult? (author's transl)].
AB  - The operative indications are more or less difficult according to the clinical
      type ; some of them belong to a very high specialization. The operative technique
      is not very difficult if the operator is accustomed with the surgery of the
      posterior segment. On the contrary, the operator who is only accustomed with the
      surgery of the anterior segment or the classical techniques for strabismus, will
      find real difficulties.

PMID- 155089
TI  - [Tomodensitometry in ophthalmology...questions and answers].

PMID- 155090
TI  - [The efficacy of pan-retinal photocoagulation in the prevention of neovascular
      glaucoma].

PMID- 155091
TI  - [Current possibilities and limitations of the treatment of diabetic retinopathy
      (hypophysectomy excepted)].

PMID- 155092
TI  - [Lysosomal storage diseases and the retina].

PMID- 155093
TI  - [New trends in the medical treatment of glaucoma with timolol maleate].

PMID- 155094
TI  - [A new beta blocking agent in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma:
      timolol maleate].

PMID- 155095
TI  - [Experimental studies with timolol: a new ocular hypotensive agent (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The present report reviews the animal pharmacology supporting the clinical use of
      timolol maleate ophthalmic solution in the therapy of glaucoma and elevated
      intraocular pressure (IOP). The studies have included the effects of timolol upon
      normal IOP of rabbits and upon elevated IOP in two models of experimental ocular
      hypertension. Comparisons are made between the latter actions of timolol and
      those of the reference adrenergic antiglaucoma agent, epinephrine. The
      interaction of timolol and the beta-adrenergic stimulant, isoproterenol, was also
      studied to assess the ability of timolol to block beta-adrenergic receptors in
      the eye. Additionally, the penetration and distribution of timolol in ocular and
      extraocular tissues and fluids following local application to the eyes of rabbits
      is described and a resume of the toxicological studies with timolol are
      presented.

PMID- 155096
TI  - [A new beta-blocking agent in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma:
      timolol maleate. Effect of instillation of 1 drop on the intraocular pressure].
AB  - A total of 45 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma were divided randomly
      into three groups of fifteen. Each patient in each group was given one drop into
      one eye (the other eye serving as a control), of either placebo, timolol 0,5%, or
      timolol 1,5%. The patients were observed for a period of seven hours, and results
      showed that timolol was effective in reducing ocular tension when compared to
      placebo. It was also rapid in action (one to two hours after instillation), and
      no side-effects were noted. Timolol 0,5% appears to be as equally effective as
      the 1,5% strength.

PMID- 155097
TI  - [Results of a double-blind medium-term study comparing effects of timolol maleate
      and epinephrine in 120 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma].
AB  - A double-blind medium term study of the activity of timolol in chronic open-angle
      glaucoma was conducted in four French ophthalmological centers, using the same
      protocol. A total of 119 patients were treated: --60 with timolol; --59 with
      epinephrine, for comparison. Results showed a significantly superior efficacy for
      timolol over epinephrine, after in weeks of treatment. Good tonometric control
      was obtained in 81.6% of the patients treated with timolol, against 52.5% of
      those receiving epinephrine. In 68% of the glaucomatons patients treated with
      timolol, good tonometric control was obtained with the lowest dose preparation
      containing 0.1%. No side-effects were noted during the study, either locally or
      generally (particularly blood pressure changes).

PMID- 155099
TI  - [Effect of daily instillations of timolol on the nycthemeral tension in subjects
      with chronic open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)].
AB  - This study included 22 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma who were treated
      with either 0.25% or 0.5% timolol. The results showed that a single daily
      instillation of 0.25% or 0.5% timolol was effective, without producing any side
      effects. It was interesting to note that timolol caused the tension peaks to
      disappear, the nycthemeral graph curve becoming plateau-shaped.

PMID- 155098
TI  - [Results of a double-blind study comparing the effects of timolol and pilocarpine
      in 110 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma].
AB  - Following a seventeen weeks study including 110 patients with open-angle
      glaucoma, 81,8% of the patients treated by timolol, administered twice a day, had
      a satisfactory control of their intraocular pressure, against only 41,8% of those
      patients treated by pilocarpine, administered four times a day. The side effects
      liable to timolol are clinically reduced, in a osit with pilocarpine which is
      followed by a series of well-known subjective and objective signs often causing
      discomfort to the patients.

PMID- 155100
TI  - [Timolol maleate: results of its long-term action in the treatment of chronic
      primary open-angle glaucoma].
AB  - Three groups of patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma, who had ineluded in
      the previous study, had been treated with timolol twice daily for more than a
      year. The long-term results confirm the efficacity noted in the medium-term
      survey, and the absence of side-effects, especially those related to the pulse
      rate and blood pressure in some of the patients. Drug associations had been
      necessary:--pilocarpin,--acetazolamid, seem to have the best synergic action with
      timolol.

PMID- 155101
TI  - [A single dose of maleate of timolol given orally: the effect on the ocular
      pressure (author's transl)].
AB  - A single dose of 5 mg of maleate of timolol given orally to glaucomatous
      patients, considerably lowers their I.O.P. during a period of time of at least 6
      hours. It causes only a slight decrease in blood pressure and pulse rate.

PMID- 155102
TI  - [Sodium nitroprusside in ophthalmologic surgery].

PMID- 155103
TI  - [Laffer-Ascher syndrome].

PMID- 155104
TI  - [Color perception].

PMID- 155105
TI  - [Marc Adrien Dollfus (1896-1978)].

PMID- 155106
TI  - [Hypoplasia of the optic nerve head].
AB  - Optic nerve hypoplasia is not a rare eventuality in children. This report
      discusses the clinical features of 10 new cases on a multiple point of view
      including optic canal tomography, fluorescein angiography and cat's examination.
      Optic nerve hypoplasia is not always accompanied by decreased visual acuity:
      sector fields are often identified in these cases.

PMID- 155108
TI  - [Menkes' disease: apropos of a recent case].
AB  - The authors describes a case of Menkes' disease, sex-linked recessive hereditary
      disease characterized by early progressive psychomotor deterioration, failure to
      gain weight, seizures, hypothermie and characteristic Kinky hair (Pilitorti).
      This boy is a blind child, unable to fix and follow light. Fundus examination
      shows optic nerve atrophy with tortuosity of the retinal blood vessels. The case
      is discussed in the light of similar and others reports in the literature. The
      disease is believed to be cause by a generalized copper deficiency in the body by
      defect in copper intestinal absorbtion. The pathologic changes in the retina are
      similar to those seen in the brain which shows diffuse neuronal degeneration lose
      of nerve filers and optic atrophy. Retinal changes should be reversible by short
      term systemic copper administration.

PMID- 155107
TI  - [Primary malignant melanoma of the cornea (author's transl)].
AB  - In this communication, we present a case of malignant melanoma of the cornea, in
      an 80-year old female. The tumor, covering 3/4 of the cornea, had a lobulated
      appearance, pinkish colour with vascularization and pigment granules, in a few
      places. The limbal area was free of tumor. Histologic examination indicated that
      the melanoma was primary, of the epithelioid type, with a few areas of spindle
      type cells.

PMID- 155109
TI  - [Fluorescence angiography: personal technics of automatized development of films
      and printing].
AB  - The film of an angiography by fluorescence presents specific particular
      characteristics. Treatment of the film has to be adapted to these
      particularities, and the chemical products used have to be specially chosen. In
      this way, the results obtained can be greatly improved. The procedure can be
      automatized by the use of a simple apparatus, and printing on paper causes no
      particular difficulty.

PMID- 155110
TI  - [A case of cavernous hemangioma of the retina].
AB  - A case of hemangioma of the retina is reported. Its typical ophtalmoscopic and
      fluorescein angiographic aspects are studied. The benign evolution is stressed in
      spite of a possible macular risk checked by argon laser therapy.

PMID- 155111
TI  - [Painful ophthalmoplegia and cavernous sinus syndrome of inflammatory origin
      (discussion of 2 cases)].
AB  - Two patients with unilateral painful ophthalmoplegia are presented, a woman of 26
      and a man of 28. In both cases the phlebography of the orbit shows an alteration
      of the orbital veinous blood flow, specially of the third segment of the superior
      orbital vein. Another characteristic feature of this syndrom is efficiency of
      corticotherapy and heparinotherapy, which may suggest an inflammatory and
      thrombophlebitic origin.

PMID- 155112
TI  - [Surgical management of divergent strabismus (author's transl)].
AB  - This study, about 111 cases of exodeviations, establishes a guideline for
      surgical management of divergent strabismus. First the main points of the
      clinical examination, and the different classifications of the exodeviations are
      exposed. Then the technics of surgical treatment are defined, with or without pre
      or post surgical orthoptic treatment. The conclusions are as following: -- some
      clinical elements guide our treatment: the refraction, the age at onset, the
      study of the deviation after constant use of prisms, the existence of A or V
      syndrome. -- The main points of the surgical management are: the age of surgery,
      the choice of technic (symmetrical or not), the usefulness of a transient
      overcorrection, and above all the quantative rules for the surgical treatment. So
      it as been possible to stress the functional result is quite depending on the
      clinical type of exodeviation.

PMID- 155113
TI  - [The uveo-retinal and hemato-camerular barriers].

PMID- 155114
TI  - [Ophthalmology and sensorial physiology].

PMID- 155115
TI  - [Future of coelioscopy tappings of ovarien cysts (author's transl)].
AB  - In a study of 136 tapping of ovarien cysts carried out in the surgical
      departement of Broca Hospital from 1968 to 1971, the authors point out the
      diagnostic interest of such a practice, which is harmeless if the contra
      indications are respected and often easily carried out (tapping needle by Mintz).
      The macroscopic and cytological aspect of the liquid tapped enable one to make a
      precise diagnostic in almost all cases and to lead the therapy in the proper
      direction.

PMID- 155116
TI  - [Meadows syndrome. A case history (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors, having studied a case of Meadows syndrome, confirm that this
      cardiomyopathy is a specific entity in pregnancy and the puerperium. They point
      out the difficulties in diagnosis, as Meadows syndrome seems to be diagnosis of
      elimination. They point out that a paraclinical balance has to be drawn up very
      fully on the biological and haemodynamic planes to confirm this condition.
      Finally, after a short discussion about the therapy, they tackle the problem of
      the prognosis for life and for future childbearing in these patients, which is
      determined by the persistence or absence of cardiac enlargement.

PMID- 155124
TI  - Evidences for the existence of glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides metabolic
      cycles in the cerebellum of birds and mammals.
AB  - Cerebellum glycoproteins of rats and ducks are studied using sugar-specific
      agglutinins. It is used the Con A-Peroxidase-DAB technique described by Bernhard
      and Avrameas (1971). Other agglutinins (Tetragonolobus Purpureus Lectin, Wheat
      Germ Agglutinin and Soybean Agglutinin) fixed to Peroxidase according to the
      technique of Gonatas and Avrameas (1973) are also used. The techniques for
      mucopolysaccharides as described Martinez-Rodriguez et al., (1976) are carried
      out as well. By means of all these techniques, results that suggest the existence
      of metabolic cycles in Purkinje cells are obtained.

PMID- 155125
TI  - Effects of potassium para-aminobenzoate on growth and macromolecule synthesis in
      fibroblasts cultured from normal and sclerodermatous human skin, and rheumatoid
      synovial cells.
AB  - Potassium para-aminobenzoate was tested for its ability to affect growth and
      macromolecule synthesis in vitro using fibroblasts from normal human skin, from
      affected skin of patients with scleroderma, and rheumatoid synovial cells. The
      proliferation of all 3 cell types showed dose-dependent inhibition beginning at
      about 3000 microgram/ml. Acid mucopolysaccharide secretion by rheumatoid synovial
      cells and scleroderma fibroblasts was inhibited even at 100 microgram/ml, which
      is within the therapeutic range, and there was over 50% inhibition at 5000
      microgram/ml. Collagen synthesis by several different strains, was not affected,
      despite the use of a range of concentrations and treatment times.

PMID- 155126
TI  - P.L. 94-142. Implications for physicians.

PMID- 155127
TI  - The interaction of C1-esterase inhibitor and plasmin in human euglobulin.

PMID- 155128
TI  - Glomerulopathy in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. Accumulation of glomerular
      basement membrane analogous to human diabetic nephropathy.
AB  - Glomeruli from streptozotocin-diabetic and age-matched nondiabetic rats were
      quantitatively isolated by a differential sieving technique. The insoluble
      glomerular basement membranes were purified following sonic disruption in the
      presence of proteolytic inhibitors. The yield of glomeruli and of glomerular
      basement membrane relative to the amount of renal cortex and the body weight of
      the animals, as well as the calculated amount of basement membrane per
      glomerulus, were all significantly greater in diabetic rats when compared to non
      diabetic controls. Glomerular basement membranes from normal and diabetic rats
      were solubilized by reduction and denaturation in the presence of SDS and
      subjected to agarose gel analysis. About 65% of both normal and diabetic basement
      membrane was solubilized by this procedure, and the elution profiles of non
      diabetic and diabetic preparations were similar. These results suggest that rat
      renal basement membrane is qualitatively similar but quantitatively increased in
      streptozotocin-diabetes. Since glomerular enlargement and accumulation of
      basement membrane are characteristic of human diabetic nephropathy, the findings
      also suggest that the streptozotocin-diabetic rat is an appropriate animal model
      for studies relating to the pathogenesis of this complication of diabetes.

PMID- 155130
TI  - Functional disability of geriatric patients in a family medicine program:
      implications for patient care, education, and research.
AB  - While the elderly comprise a large proportion of patients seen in ambulatory care
      settings, characteristics of these patients have not been well documented. This
      paper summarizes results of a survey of functional impairment of elderly patients
      seen in a family medicine center. Assessments were performed in the areas of
      social and economic resources, mental health, physical health, and the ability to
      perform routine activities needed for independent living. Results of the survey
      suggest that family physicians need to know how to perform a multidimensional
      functional assessment in order to formulate a comprehensive treatment plan for
      elderly patients.

PMID- 155129
TI  - Antigens of human trophoblast. Effects of heterologous anti-trophoblast sera on
      lymphocyte responses in vitro.
AB  - This report describes the inhibition of human mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)
      reactions by rabbit antisera to intact and detergent solubilized, fractionated,
      human trophoblast membranes. Heat-inactivated antisera were passed through solid
      phase immunoabsorption columns of normal human serum and extensively absorbed
      with human erythrocytes, lymphocytes and liver powder. Immunohistological
      experiments with these absorbed antisera showed that they reacted brilliantly
      with syncytiotrophoblast in cryostat sections of human but not baboon or monkey
      placentae, and not with other normal adult tissues including peripheral blood
      lymphocytes (PBL). Addition of these antisera to MLC reactions produced
      significant and reproducible suppression of responses without affecting cell
      viability. Absorption studies demonstrated complete removal of MLC inhibition and
      trophoblast membranes but not with PBL or suspensions of HEp-2 cells. Timed
      experiments showed that optimal inhibition occurred when the antisera were added
      between 2 and 6 h after culture initiation, and that little suppression was
      achieved after 18 h. Lymphocytes harvested from MLC reactions after 2 h showed
      that 3--5% of the cells reacted with PBL/liver-absorbed anti-trophoblast sera,
      and that unstimulated PBL were negative. Cultures of subhuman primate lymphocytes
      in the presence of heterologous antisera to human trophoblast membranes showed
      total inhibition of rhesus:human and human:rhesus MLC, and no suppression of
      baboon:human or human:baboon reactions, whereas human lymphocytes responded in an
      exagerated manner when stimulated by baboon cells. Modulated MLC responses to
      human, rhesus, or baboon lymphocytes, in the presence of anti-trophoblast sera
      indicate that the antisera recognize trophoblast cross-reactive lymphocytes
      antigens. We propose that these antigens are reaction products of cell-cell
      interactions, and that the nature of the antigens is determined by the
      specificity of the recognition signals which initiate the reaction.

PMID- 155131
TI  - Dermatoses of the groin.

PMID- 155132
TI  - [Results of caloric tests by cold and hot air flow in the diagnosis of tumors of
      the cerebellopontile angle. Apropos of 14 recent cases].

PMID- 155133
TI  - [Nystagmus in vertebro-basilar ischemia].

PMID- 155134
TI  - [Management of cholesteatoma].

PMID- 155135
TI  - [The endaural approach in surgery of chronic otitis].

PMID- 155136
TI  - [Role of abiotrophies in the etiology of deafness in children].

PMID- 155137
TI  - [Tympanoplasties after open or semi-closed technics].

PMID- 155138
TI  - [Malignant tumor of the olfactory placode].

PMID- 155139
TI  - [Therapeutic trial of a new topical anti-inflammatory agent].

PMID- 155140
TI  - [Laryngeal paralysis in adduction after coma].

PMID- 155141
TI  - [The esophageal stenosis-pyloric stenosis association].

PMID- 155142
TI  - [Some cases of palpebral cutis laxa after rhinoplasties].

PMID- 155143
TI  - [Unusual frontal cicatrix].

PMID- 155144
TI  - [Ethmoidal tumors].

PMID- 155145
TI  - [Use of dexamethasone isonicotinate in the postoperative period of suspension
      laryngeal microsurgery].

PMID- 155146
TI  - [Surgery in cancers of the mouth floor].

PMID- 155147
TI  - [Technics of repair of perforating losses of substance of the cheek].

PMID- 155148
TI  - [2 gigantic tuberculous abscesses of the neck. Current aspect of lymph node
      mycobacteriosis].

PMID- 155149
TI  - Histoenzymatic and permeability changes in human brain adjacent to meningioma.
AB  - Cerebral specimens were removed from ten patients with meningioma. Vascular
      permeability was tested with sodium fluorescein and a correlative study of the
      oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme activity was performed. Vascular permeability
      change was observed in half of the specimens of cortex taken from the region of
      the tumor. Labeled tracer diffusion was found to be either perivascular or
      involved microscopic ischemic areas. Fluorescein diffusion of the edematous white
      matter was observed in only two specimens. Enzyme activity in walls of the blood
      vessels was modified in the fluorescent specimens. Alkaline phosphatase and
      oxidoreductase activities were decreased. Experimental results have shown a
      relationship between increased vascular permeability and metabolic disorder of
      both vascular walls and cerebral cortex. Our findings agree with Zulch's
      hypothesis regarding a "hemodynamic" mechanism in the formation of edema by
      extraneural compression.

PMID- 155150
TI  - Heterogeneous effect of dietary cholesterol on acetylcholinesterase and ATPases
      of rat erythrocytes: Arrhenius plots.

PMID- 155151
TI  - Transport of niacin and niacinamide in perfused rat intestine.

PMID- 155153
TI  - The handicapped child--a responsibility and challenge to pediatric nurses and
      school nurses.

PMID- 155152
TI  - The utilization of ornithine and citrulline by the growing kitten.
AB  - Previous experiments have demonstrated that cats fed an arginine free purified
      amino acid diet (-Arg) could be protected from hyperammonemia by the inclusion of
      ornithine in the diet. Experiments reported here show that diets containing
      ornithine added at an equimolar (+Orn) or five times equimolar (+5 Orn) to
      replace arginine in the +Arg basal diet (2.0% Arg . HCl), were incapable of
      maintenance of body weight. Growing kittens fed a -Arg +Orn and -Arg +5 Orn diets
      had a daily rate of body weight loss of 6.5 +/- 0.6 and 7.9 +/- 2.2 g,
      respectively, which is somewhat less than the mean rate of weight loss of kittens
      fed diets devoid of most of the other amino acids indispensable for the kitten.
      When citrulline was added to a -Arg diet at an equimolar level to the arginine in
      the +Arg basal diet, growth rates were equivalent. The mean plasma free ornithine
      concentration of kittens receiving the -Arg +5 Orn diet was about 33 times higher
      than when they were fed the +Arg diet. For kittens fed the -Arg + Orn and -Arg +5
      Orn diets the mean plasma free arginine was less (but significant only for the 
      Arg + Orn diet) than that observed for the basal diet. When the -Arg + Cit diet
      was fed, plasma free arginine concentration was similar and plasma free
      citrulline was about 18 times higher than when these cats were fed the basal
      diet.

PMID- 155154
TI  - Hyperkeratosis palmoplantaris with periodontosis (Papillon-Lefevre syndrome):
      report of three cases, two occurring in siblings.
AB  - Three cases of palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis with periodontosis, two cases of
      which occurred in siblings, are reported. The parents were unaffected, and
      parental consanguinity was present in all three cases. All essential features of
      the syndrome were present in these cases.

PMID- 155155
TI  - [Studies of tonsillitis from the aspect of protease-antiprotease. 3. Arthus
      tonsillitis of rabbit and fibrinolytic activity of blood (author's transl)].

PMID- 155156
TI  - Tinea capitis masquerading as atopic or seborrheic dermatitis.

PMID- 155157
TI  - Ryanodine-induced stimulation of net Ca++ uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic
      reticulum vesicles.

PMID- 155158
TI  - Voluntary activation of spindle endings in human muscles temporarily paralysed by
      nerve pressure.
AB  - 1. In normal human subjects, the afferent activity from muscle spindle endings in
      the pretibial muscles was recorded while a pressure block was applied to the
      peroneal nerve proximally in the popliteal fossa. 2. In five of ten blocks,
      spindle activity increased in attempted isometric voluntary contractions when the
      receptor-bearing muscles were completely paralysed. In the remaining five blocks,
      voluntary effort still increased spindle activity when maximum voluntary power
      was reduced by more than 90%, but the ability to activate spindles voluntarily
      was lost with or slightly before block of the last motor units. When the ability
      to activate spindle endings in an attempted voluntary contraction was lost
      sympathetic efferent fibres remained unblocked. 3. It is concluded that the
      fusimotor effects seen during a voluntary contraction are mediated by myelinated
      fibres of small calibre which probably innervate intrafusal structures
      exclusively (gamma fusimotor fibres). There is no necessity to postulate that
      skeleto-fusimotor (beta) fibres are responsible for the tight 'alpha-gamma co
      activation' seen in man during voluntary contractions.

PMID- 155159
TI  - Histochemical reactions of fibres in a fast twitch muscle of the cat.
AB  - 1. Serial sections of flexor digitorum longus muscle (f.d.l.) of the cat were
      examined histochemically for four enzyme systems: adenosine triphosphatase
      (ATPase) with alkaline and acid pre-incubation, phosphorylase and succinic
      dehydrogenase (SDHase).2. The number of types into which fibres should be divided
      was assessed by estimating enzyme reaction intensity from measurements of light
      transmission through photomicrographs. It was concluded that in general the
      enzyme reaction intensities of fibres were distributed continuously. However, the
      distribution histograms showed two (phosphorylase and SDHase) or three (acid and
      alkaline ATPase) clear peaks. Eighteen combinations of reaction intensities
      (profiles) were seen of which eight were very rare. The distribution of profiles
      differed between individuals but were similar in right and left muscles.3. Areas
      of fibres were measured from muscles which had been fixed at the length at which
      twitch tension was maximal. The variance in fibre area with any one profile was
      significantly less than the variance in fibre area of all fibres within a muscle.
      There were significant differences between the mean areas of fibres with
      different profiles.4. If only three enzyme reactions are considered (acid and
      alkaline ATPase and phosphorylase) the majority of fibres fall into one of the
      three classes commonly accepted for other muscles. The remainder would fit into
      this classification with the minimal assumption of only one error of fibre typing
      resulting from the continuous distributions of enzyme reaction intensities. The
      SDHase reaction was not strongly correlated with the three classes and could be
      used to divide the fibres further into six groups. Differences between means of
      fibre areas were significant for all pairs out of these six groups except one.5.
      The grouping may be considered to reflect a dual system of enzymes, the two
      systems being (a) ATPases and phosphorylase, (b) SDHase. A possible role of
      nervous activity in determining this dual system is discussed. The hypothesis
      involves two partly independent characteristics of motoneuronal activity: (a) the
      frequency of impulses, and (b) the total number of impulses.6. The measurements
      are correlated with other physiological variables in the individual animals. The
      mean areas of fibres in all groups increased with body weight. There were changes
      in the proportions of light and dark SDHase fibres related to weight. The total
      area contributed by dark alkaline ATPase fibres decreased and that by
      intermediate alkaline ATPase fibres increased with increasing twitch time to
      peak.7. Specific tension of the group of slower muscle fibres in f.d.l. was
      estimated to be 0.29 N.mm(-2) compared with 0.39 N.mm(-2) for the faster fibres.

PMID- 155160
TI  - Muscle spindle discharge in normal and obstructed movements.
AB  - 1. The discharge activity of muscle spindle endings located in tail and hind limb
      muscles was recorded during voluntary movements in the cat. 2. During active
      shortening of the receptor-bearing muscles, both primary and secondary endings
      tended to fall silent. This was more pronounced, the higher the rate of muscle
      shortening. We suggest that in unobstructed movements in which muscle velocities
      exceed 0.2 resting lengths per second (lr/sec), the firing patterns of spindle
      afferents are dominated by their responses to the length variations. At
      velocities lower than 0.2 lr/sec, fusimotor action may predominate. 3. When
      active muscle shortening was unexpectedly halted, both primary and secondary
      endings resumed firing, but the increases in discharge rate were not as abrupt as
      might have been expected had there been strong co-activation of fusimotor and
      skeletomotor neurones. Rather, for the types of movements studied, fusimotor
      action appears to have been quite modest.

PMID- 155161
TI  - [Releasing of plasminogen-activator from the kidney to the blood (author's
      transl)].
AB  - When fibrinolytic activity in blood samples from various vessels was examined by
      the dilute-blood-clotlysis-time method (DBCLT), it was found to be noticeably
      high in the renal venous blood, though the activity was not detected by usual
      blood clotlysis time method. Plasmin was not detected in any blood samples
      examined, and the contents of fibrinogen and fibrin (or fibrinogen) breakdown
      products in the renal venous blood were not significantly different from those in
      the blood from other vessels. However, the high activity of plasminogen-activator
      was found only in the renal venous blood. Inhibitors on plasmin and plasminogen
      activator (urokinase) were detected in almost the same amount in the blood
      samples from the various vessels. The amount of the inhibitors was sufficient to
      inhibit the plasminogen activation by urokinase, whose activity was equivalent to
      the plasminogen-activator activity in the renal venous blood. These results
      indicate that the high activity by DBCLT in the renal venous blood was derived
      from the high activity of plasminogen-activator, which was inactivated by
      inhibitors in undiluted blood. Plasminogen-activator may be released from the
      kidney to the blood, and immediately inactivated by the inhibitors in renal vein,
      and then diluted with systemic blood which contains little plasminogen-activator.

PMID- 155163
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of activated mouse macrophages.

PMID- 155162
TI  - Evaluation of the sympathetic nervous system in trisomy-21 (Down's syndrome).

PMID- 155164
TI  - [Mg2+ activity and kidney and liver Na+ - K+ and ATPase in rats with spontaneous
      hypertension (proceedings)].

PMID- 155165
TI  - Dermatology.

PMID- 155166
TI  - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of rectus sheath hematoma.

PMID- 155168
TI  - [Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans; an electron microscopic study of a case
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 155167
TI  - Response of physicians to medical complaints in men and women.
AB  - Workups by physicians in response to five common complaints in a sample of 104
      men and women--52 married couples--were evaluated by chart audit. For the total
      group of complaints, back pain, headache, dizziness, chest pain, and fatigue, the
      physicians' workups were significantly more extensive for men than they were for
      women. These data tend to support the argument that male physicians take medical
      illness more seriously in men than in women.

PMID- 155169
TI  - Assessment of coronary risk factors.

PMID- 155170
TI  - Literature survey of bacterial, fungal, and Drosophila assay systems used in the
      evaluation of selected chemical compounds for mutagenic activity.
AB  - Literature reports were surveyed, with results noted from experiments in seven
      nonmammalian assay systems used for the detection of mutagenicity or other
      related genetic effects. A comparison was made of the activities of 54 selected
      noncarcinogens, procarcinogens, and ultimate carcinogens as revealed by these
      test systems. Of the compounds tested, 49 (91%) were active in one or more of the
      assays, and 42 (78%) were positive in at least one system without having to be
      metabolically activated. In one or more test systems, 17/17 (100%) of the
      ultimate carcinogens, 27/28 (96%) of the procarcinogens, and 6/9 (67%) of the
      noncarcinogens were positive. The Ames Salmonella-microsome assay responded with
      increased mutation frequency to 37/44 (84%) of the carcinogenic compounds but to
      only 2/8 (25%) of the noncarcinogens tested. The Drosophila system responded to
      19/21 (90%) of the carcinogens and to 3/6 (50%) of the noncarcinogens. Prophages
      were induced when lysogenic bacteria were exposed to 12/21 (57%) of the
      carcinogens, but not enough tests were done with the noncarcinogens (1/3, or 33%)
      for a comparison. The other systems reviewed, such as the killing of repair
      deficient bacteria, mutations in Escherichia coli and Neurospora crassa, and the
      host-mediated assay, were not challenged by enough of the compounds for valid
      comparisons.

PMID- 155171
TI  - [Medical topics: idiopathic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 155172
TI  - [Lipid metabolism and the blood coagulation system in locomotive brigade
      mechanics].

PMID- 155173
TI  - [Heart in thyrotoxicosis (clinical and diagnostic aspects)].

PMID- 155174
TI  - [Distribution of the electrocardiographic changes characteristic of ischemic
      heart disease among the male population of Leningrad in comparison with the
      clinical biochemical indices].
AB  - The authors studied the peculiarities of electrocardiograms recorded under
      conditions of rest in 1,022 males from 40 to 59 years of age, who reflected
      representatively a selected unorganized population of 1,250 persons. The ECG were
      analysed according to the Minnesota code. Among the examined persons 9.6% were
      found to have "coronary" ECG changes indicating to ischemic heart disease. The
      tread-mill test conducted in individuals chosen for scrupulous examination made
      it possible to make a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in 19.6% of 219 persons
      (72 of whom had hyperlipidemia). A tendency toward relative decrease in high
      density lipoproteins was noted in individuals with clearly manifested signs of
      coronary pathology on the ECG.

PMID- 155175
TI  - Altered glomerular permeability in Munich-Wistar rats with autologous immune
      complex nephritis.

PMID- 155176
TI  - Arthus-type nephritis. I. Characterization of glomerular lesions induced by
      insoluble and poorly soluble immune complexes.

PMID- 155177
TI  - Integrating the physically handicapped child.
AB  - This paper will serve several purposes: (1) to provide information on the
      incidence of physically handicapped children (exclusive of the blind and deaf)
      who are likely to be integrated into schools for normal non-physically impaired
      children, (2) to describe briefly the major handicapping conditions and their
      educational implications, (3) to comment on why integration has come about and
      why it promises to enrich the lives of normal children, (4) to suggest how
      physicians, physical therapists, and occupational therapists might help to make
      schools programs successful, (5) to comment briefly on financial implications of
      this program and to suggest ways in which the complexity of the medical
      management might be simplified, (6) to provide factual knowledge about the
      handicapped child and his potential to teachers who are already on the firing
      line to "improve" the academic achievement of the alleged normal child.

PMID- 155179
TI  - Administrative concerns and schools' relationship with private practicing
      physicians.
AB  - In this discussion of four administrative concerns, there has been an effort to
      suggest school-sponsored activities leading to close productive relationships
      with community physicians and optimum use of medical information available for
      maintaining adequate medical component in the school management of children with
      handicapping conditions. A recurring theme is that to attack these concerns,
      there must be administrative leadership which sees them as important and
      knowledgeable staff members who are available, assigned and supported to perform
      the necessary task.

PMID- 155178
TI  - P.L. 94-142 and the role of school nurses in caring for handicapped children.

PMID- 155180
TI  - A comparison of knitted Dacron velour and bovine heterograft for hemodialysis
      access.

PMID- 155181
TI  - Modulator binding protein antagonizes activation of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase and Ca2+
      transport of red blood cell membranes.
AB  - Red blood cells contain a protein that activates membrane-bound (Ca2+ + Mg2+)
      ATPase and Ca2+ transport. The red blood cell activator protein is similar to a
      modulator protein that stimulates cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Wang and Desai
      [Journal of Biological Chemistry 252:4175--4184, 1977] described a modulator
      binding protein that antagonizes the activation of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase
      by modulator protein. In the present work, modulator-binding protein was shown to
      antagonize the activation of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase and Ca2+ transport by red blood
      cell activator protein. The results further demonstrate the similarity between
      the activator protein from human red blood cells and the modulator protein from
      bovine brain.

PMID- 155182
TI  - Dacron patch enlargement of anterior wall of left ventricle after aneurysmectomy
      with concomitant infarctectomy.
AB  - The basis for left ventricular aneurysmectomy with cardiopulmonary bypass was
      established 20 years ago. There is a higher risk in patients who undergo
      operation within 2 months of myocardial infarction. In these patients there may
      be no clear demarcation between devitalized tissue and residual healthy
      myocardium. A case is reported in which anterolateral aneurysmectomy with
      concomitant infarctectomy so compromised left ventricular size that the
      anterolateral wall of the left ventricle had to be reconstructed with a Dacron
      patch graft.

PMID- 155183
TI  - Nursing bottle syndrome.

PMID- 155184
TI  - [Multiple handicaps in mentally retarded children and adolescents attending
      special schools for the mentally retarded].

PMID- 155185
TI  - [Etiological factors of erythema multiforme].

PMID- 155186
TI  - Serotonergic control of prolactin release in male rats.

PMID- 155187
TI  - [Radiation lesion of the ground substance in the articular cartilage].

PMID- 155188
TI  - [Teaching of radiation therapy in a department of roentgenology and radiology].

PMID- 155189
TI  - [System of occupational training and retraining of the disabled].

PMID- 155190
TI  - [Psychotherapy office in the district polyclinic].

PMID- 155191
TI  - [Their names are borne by medical schools (Ikram Giiasovich Ziiaev)].

PMID- 155193
TI  - Australian Association of Manipulative Medicine.

PMID- 155192
TI  - [Classification of electrocardiographic patterns by full machine descriptions of
      the electrocardiograms].
AB  - To classify the electrograms due to their complete, computer-produced
      description, an algorithm for automatic formation of electrocardiographic
      inference, is offered. Some results reached with this algorithm in solution of
      practical problems met in electrocardiographic diagnosis were presented.

PMID- 155194
TI  - [In memoriam Sirana Iakovlevna Sarikian].

PMID- 155195
TI  - Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and tardive dyskinesia. Neurochemical
      pathology and treatment.

PMID- 155196
TI  - [Embolism caused by a fiber from a synthetic vascular prosthesis].
AB  - Authors report on an embolization due to synthetic thread following inplantation
      of a vascular prosthesis, demonstrated by means of polarization optics in the
      spleen, corresponding to the dacron threads of the prosthesis. Complications of
      that type following vascular operations should be taken into account.

PMID- 155197
TI  - Relationship between specialized cells, capillaries and intermediary
      cytofibrillary elements. XIth note. Biological evolution of the emunctory
      subsystem and stereotype in vertebrates.
AB  - This note completes in vertebrates the study of the emunctory subsystem and
      stereotype in invertebrates (Xth note). The theory of systems (and of open
      biological systems) of Bertalanffy, the theory of internal laws and limits of
      each organizational level (Needham) and the theory of biological stereotypes and
      of their morphofunctional expression (Marza, Repciuc and Eskenasy) are also
      corroborated. In this light there were studied: the characters of the emunctory
      stereotype in vertebrates, its similar formation mode by three links (extracting,
      conveying and excretory links) as in the coelomatous invertebrates, and the
      passage of the emunctory stereotype from invertebrates to vertebrates. The
      present-day Acraniata and their offsprings, the Protocraniata, Agnatha and
      aquatic Gnathostoma, have an emunctory stereotype identical in its essential
      characters, without discrepancies between its links. The passage does not occur,
      however, from the metanephridia to the pronephros, but to the mesonephros. This
      latter reaches its highest functional limits in Dipnoi and Amphibia. The author
      indicates the mechanisms which, in its opinion, play a role in the activation of
      organo-genetic capacities of the metanephros in the caudal nephrogenic area. The
      importance of the three nephrogenic areas of the vertebrates, their succession
      and interdependence are also discussed. The problem of the archi(holo)nephros is
      critically reviewed, and the author's hypothesis that the glomerular
      ultrafiltrate and the coelomic liquid of invertebrates with metanephridia had the
      same composition and underwent the same processes of reabsorption-secretion is
      dwelt upon. A conclusion is drawn from these two notes, according to which
      stability--directed by the stabilizing selection--plays a directional role in the
      evolution of the new organizational levels, in the maintenance and development of
      the characters of the emunctory stereotype within the emunctory subsystem (EMSS).
      Between variability and stability strong relations are established and
      hereditarily transmitted.

PMID- 155199
TI  - Differentiation of human anterior hypophysial cells during fetal life.
AB  - This paper deals with cell differentiation in the anterior hypophysis of the
      human fetus, as may be stated by electronmicroscopy. In the 9 cm fetus the
      greater number of cells are devoid of granules; this was the reason for their
      being considered as nondifferentiated cells. A small number of cells however
      contain granules which vary from cell to cell in number and size and may be
      considered as cells with different functions. Usually the granules secreted
      within the same cell have very close diameters. The number of such cells
      increases with the age of the fetus; thus, in 170 mm fetal length there remain
      very few nondifferentiated cells. Some cells have their granules located
      centrally, while in others they are closer to the cell membrane, suggesting that
      the product of cell secretion is extruded in the nearby lumen of capillaries. The
      shape of the cells, their location, as well as the features of the cell
      organelles are similar to those described for adults, but in the fetus they are
      proportionally fewer. The electronmicroscopic pattern does not seem to be a
      sufficient criterion for the specification of the type of cells, except ACTH-MSH
      secreting cells.

PMID- 155198
TI  - 6-Aminonicotinamide-induced eye defects in rats.
AB  - The pathological changes and structural anomalies induced by 6-aminonicotinamide
      (6-AN) in the developing eye were studied in rats (Wistar and hooded randombred
      strain). The substance was administered in aqueous solution intraperitoneally (4
      mg/kg on day 9--10 of pregnancy: 5 mg/kg on day 11 of pregnancy; 8 mg/kg on day
      13--17 of pregnancy) and in physiological saline intraamniotically (0.01 ml of a
      1% solution in physiological saline on day 15 of pregnancy). Embryos and foetuses
      from experimental series and from untreated control series were macro- and
      microscopically examined on day 10--20 of pregnancy. Control foetuses from
      mothers injected with distilled water on day 9--17 of pregnancy were examined on
      day 20 of pregnancy. The pathological changes and structural anomalies detected
      at successive developmental stages are presented. They reveal an obvious phase
      specificity and attest that the same substance may act through both of the main
      teratogenic pathways hypothetically put forward by Menkes et al. (1970). Based
      upon the present findings (and some previous results obtained in experiments with
      bisazo dyes) a working hypothesis is tentatively presented, as to the possible
      determination of the uni- or/and bilateral distribution of chemically induced
      developmental defects. In connection with some reversible or transitory
      pathological changes the role of recovery in teratogenesis is pointed out.

PMID- 155200
TI  - Histopathology of thyroid carcinoma. A review of 500 cases.
AB  - A lot of 500 thyroid cancers were studied. The following histological aspects
      were found: folliculo-papillary carcinoma (60.6%), follicular carcinoma (20.6%),
      anaplastic carcinoma (15,4%), medullary carcinoma (3.2%), malignant lymphoma
      (0.2%). The sex distribution showed a strong predominance of women as compared to
      men, in a ratio of 3/1. The highest incidence appeared between 30 and 50 years of
      age. The histopathological and cytological features in fine needle biopsy are
      discussed.

PMID- 155201
TI  - Morphopathologic changes of enteropathies in 161 children's intestinal
      endobiopsies.
AB  - The authors examined microscopically 161 jejunal biopsies of which 142 presented
      a pathologic mucosa. The two sexes were equally represented and the prevalent age
      was between 1 and 2 years. Nearly one third of the cases were acute enteritides
      and the remaining ones--granulative and atrophic enteritides; none of them was
      hypertrophic. The causes of these enteropathies are various.

PMID- 155202
TI  - [Morphological study of stromal endometrial sarcoma].

PMID- 155203
TI  - [Histogenesis of bronchopulmonary carcinosarcoma. Histopathological study of 15
      cases].

PMID- 155204
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange detection. The method and its usefulness in genetic
      counseling.
AB  - The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) detection was performed in the blood cultures
      from two human subjects, progenitors of some congenitally malformed children and
      from one patient with presumed symptoms of Bloom's syndrome. The usefulness of
      the SCE detection in genetic counseling and for the estimation of induced
      chromosomal lesions is discussed.

PMID- 155206
TI  - Grafting of eye primordia into the developing chick embryo. A new experimental
      model.

PMID- 155205
TI  - Investigations on the action of neurotoxic agents present in the urine of
      patients suffering from hepatitis. (Biological test).
AB  - Injecting urine obtained from patients suffering from hepatitis (acute and
      chronic-active), into the dorsal lymph sac of 336 frogs, the authors repeatedly
      observed serious motor disturbances, which caused the death of animals, in
      proportion of 66%. Histologically, in the treated animals grave neuronal lesions
      appear (reaching sclerosis and disintegration of motor neurons) at the level of
      the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata, attaining the highest degree in the
      motor zones of the ventral horns, of the spinal cord. In the control group (200
      frogs), treated in the same manner with urine originating from healthy persons,
      the mortality was only 6%. It is concluded that in the active stage of hepatites,
      in the urine of the patients cytolytic substances of a definite neurotoxic action
      appear, which is manifest by motor disorders and grave dystrophic lesions of the
      brainstem and spinal cord.

PMID- 155207
TI  - Correlative study on certain qualitative indexes concerning the bone architecture
      of the femur.

PMID- 155208
TI  - Primary lung sarcomas. A histopathologic study of 118 cases.

PMID- 155209
TI  - [Fine-structure and function of the primary proliferative layer of the embryonal
      central nervous system].
AB  - Results obtained by mechanical isolation of neuroblasts from the primary
      proliferative layer of the central nervous system in chick embryos by the aid of
      an original method and by electronmicroscopic investigations are consistent with
      Sauer's concept on neuroepithelial cell proliferation. The bipolar form of the
      undifferentiated neuroblast is maintained--at the beginning--by external factors
      of cell contact only. Each end-feet contains two centrioles, one of which
      represents the basal body of a cilium. During mitosis, the position parallel to
      the lumen of the spingle axis and the subsequent appearance of two identical
      daughter cells depend on the behaviour of the centrioles. The later may move in
      an abnormal direction, and induce thus an obliquely or perpendicularly laying
      spindle axis. These changes may influence--on the other hand--the mechanism of
      proliferation.

PMID- 155210
TI  - [Embedding of hematopoietic organs in epoxy resin for histopathological study.
      Technic and value].

PMID- 155211
TI  - Lung immunomorphologic modifications in children's acute pneumonias.

PMID- 155212
TI  - The superficial and intermediate cell ratio in woman vaginal smears during the
      menstrual cycle.

PMID- 155213
TI  - Pulmonary and cardiac hemangiopericytoma.

PMID- 155214
TI  - Peculiar myocardial fibrosis in variant (non-exertional) angina pectoris.

PMID- 155215
TI  - Morphogenesis and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. XV. Experimental
      staphylococcal infection of the lung with chronic development.

PMID- 155216
TI  - Storage reticuloendotheliosis in rat parathymic lymphatic micronodes.

PMID- 155218
TI  - Peritoneoscopy for staging of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 155217
TI  - Induction and characterization of T lymphoma cells.

PMID- 155219
TI  - Immunocompetence of patients with transitional cell carcinoma as measured by
      dinitrochlorobenzene skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte function.
AB  - Patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder have a highly
      significant stepwise decrease in responsiveness to challenge with DNCB with
      advancing stage of disease. Seventy-five percent of those patients with
      superficial tumors are skin-test positive versus only 35% for those having tumors
      that are locally advanced and/or metastatic. MLC response and ability to
      stimulate in this culture as well as PHA and Con A response of blood leukocytes
      have been studied in relation to stage of disease and therapy. Recent irradiation
      appears to inhibit significantly MLC responsiveness, and PHA and Con A
      blastogenesis. Although responsiveness for this group of patients is decreased
      from normal, a further decrease occurs in responsiveness to Con A with advancing
      stage of disease. Blood leukocytes from some patients with urinary bladder
      carcinoma appear to have a decreased ability to function as stimulator cells in
      one-way MLC. This ability to stimulate returns to normal levels with tumor
      removal.

PMID- 155220
TI  - In vitro immune parameters in relation to clinical course in transitional cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - Longitudinal experiments were performed in which lymphocytes from patients were
      compared with simultaneously studied normals. Patient lymphocytes were examined
      for their ability to function as stimulator and responder cells in a one-way MLC.
      Additionally, lymphocyte mitogenic response to PHA and Con A were examined. We
      observed changes in these parameters that could be correlated with the clinical
      course of the patients.

PMID- 155221
TI  - Mixed leukocyte culture reactivity of lymph node cells regional to transitional
      cell carcinoma of the bladder.
AB  - Regional lymph node cells from some patients with bladder cancer exhibited a
      suppressive effect on the ability of autologous and allogeneic blood leukocytes
      to function as stimulator cells in one-way mixed leukocyte culture. The
      appearance of the suppressor activity was significantly correlated to advancing
      stage of disease and to the histology of the regional lymph nodes.

PMID- 155222
TI  - Nicotinamide is a brain constituent with benzodiazepine-like actions.

PMID- 155223
TI  - Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on avoidance learning of two differentially
      housed mouse strains.
AB  - The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) has been studied on the acquisition of
      avoidance learning and on brain concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid and tryptophan of differentially housed male mice of
      Albino Swiss and DBA strains. The results obtained do not support the hypothesis
      that learning ability varies inversely with the concentration of brain 5
      hydroxytryptamine. PCPA can appear as influencing learning ability of different
      strains of mice differentially housed, depending more on the emotional baseline
      of the animals than on brain 5-hydroxytryptamine modification.

PMID- 155224
TI  - A determination of static mechanical properties of intrafusal muscle in isolated
      cat muscle spindles.

PMID- 155225
TI  - [Current problems in the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis].

PMID- 155226
TI  - [Contribution of laparoscopy to the diagnosis of active chronic hepatitis].

PMID- 155227
TI  - [Streptokinase in arterial diseases].

PMID- 155228
TI  - [Effect of an adrenergic-parasympatholytic aerosol combination on the respiratory
      function].
AB  - The ventilatory and cardiocirculatory effects of salbutamol-ipratropium aerosol
      were examined in 27 subjects with bronchial obstruction. The activity of the
      association was compared with that of the two components at therapeutic doses.
      Then the effects and possible side-effects of the association were assessed at
      increasing doses. Lastly, the association was compared with its components. The
      association had the same latency time, but a more prolonged effect (still
      effective after 120'), when compared with salbutamol. It was decidedly superior
      to the parasympatholytic. No side-effects of any kind were observed.

PMID- 155229
TI  - Unraveling the mysteries of cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 155230
TI  - Prophylaxis in recurrent low back pain.

PMID- 155232
TI  - [Mental stress in old age. environment and disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 155231
TI  - [Mental causes of social stress factors, spiritual causes of susceptibility to
      stress and educational approaches to stress relief (author's transl)].

PMID- 155233
TI  - [Rationally justifiable dietary regimes in adults (author's transl)].

PMID- 155234
TI  - [Critical assessment of prenatal diagnosis as seen from the gynaecologist's point
      of view (author's transl)].

PMID- 155235
TI  - [Vision in road traffic (author's transl)].

PMID- 155236
TI  - Cell-mediated immune response to dog pulp tissue altered by Grossman's formula
      sealer via the root canal.
AB  - Pulp tissue from three experimental dogs was tested for its antigenicity before
      and after incubation with Grossman's formula sealer (GS). Cellmediated skin-test
      reactions showed an increased response to pulp that had been incubated in
      Grossman's formula sealer, washed, and then injected as compared with pulp or GS
      alone. In vitro analysis of cell-mediated immune response (lymphocyte
      proliferation) showed a marked increase when pulp tissue was incubated in GS and
      washed as compared to saline-treated pulp. Comparing the saline-incubated pulp to
      the GS-altered pulp revealed that the increase in radioactivity was statistically
      significant at p less than 0.0001. Therefore, Grossman's formula sealer altered
      dog pulp tissue and rendered it antigenically active, and a specific cell
      mediated lymphocyte response was produced.

PMID- 155237
TI  - [Syndrome of "defective abdominal wall"].

PMID- 155238
TI  - [Roentgenologic size of the heart. Size of the pathological heart].

PMID- 155239
TI  - [Importance of cooperation between services treating patients with locomotor
      disorders].

PMID- 155240
TI  - Genetic counseling and the pediatrician.
AB  - The assistance of the pediatrician, following diagnosis of a child with a genetic
      disorder, towards his family consists today in giving genetic counseling for
      prevention of recurrence in future pregnancies. The process of genetic
      counseling, once the right diagnosis is made, should not be difficult as concerns
      Mendelian inheritance. It is well known that several chromosomal disorders follow
      the rules of Mendelian inheritance. The theory of polygenic or multifactorial
      inheritance may create problems in the accurate estimation of risks. An effort is
      made to discover the mechanisms of genetic "predisposition" or the adverse
      environmental factors, in order to minimize the occurrence of such disorders. An
      important tool in prevention of several genetic disorders, which should be
      mentioned in genetic counseling, is prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 155242
TI  - Diagnosis: subcutaneous angiolipoma, anterior abdominal wall in a patient with
      multiple subcutaneous angiolipomas.

PMID- 155241
TI  - Common skin problems in the pediatric office.
AB  - Skin diseases represent a major problem in everyday practice. This article
      discusses the most common dermatological entities as seen in the pediatrician's
      office with practical guidelines for their therapy. Acne, eczema, diaper rash,
      verruca vulgaris, impetigo and skin infestations are among those topics
      discussed.

PMID- 155243
TI  - [Remarks on intravital diagnosis of the Bland-White-Garland syndrome].

PMID- 155244
TI  - [Down's disease and a normal karyotype].

PMID- 155246
TI  - Nursing care study. Huntington's chorea: a mother shunned by her family.

PMID- 155245
TI  - Effect of ischemia on contractile and histochemical properties of the rat soleus
      muscle.
AB  - Ligature and section of the abdominal aorta results in only minor and temporary
      functional and metabolic changes in the slow soleus muscle of the rat. A very
      small decrease in maximal tetanic tension corresponds to a few scattered areas of
      damaged and necrotic muscle fibres, in which decreased succinic dehydrogenase and
      loss of phosphorylase activity was observed. A new experimental approach, i.e.
      ligature and section of the abdominal aorta combined with terminal
      devascularisation, preserving intact tendons and innervation of the muscle causes
      maximal muscle ischemia, followed by an almost complete loss of tetanic tension
      output, marked shortening of contraction time and profound morphological and
      histochemical changes. The decrease in succinic dehydrogenase and ATPase
      activities and loss of phosphorylase activity occur in the majority of
      degenerating muscle fibres except for a thin rim of peripheral fibres during the
      first 4 days. Subsequently, the contractile properties recover gradually and
      enzyme activities reappear in the regenerating muscle fibres simultaneously with
      new revascularisation. Thirty days after the operation all the parameters
      observed returned to control values.

PMID- 155248
TI  - [Improvements to the bacteriological control complex in blood transfusion centers
      (based on data on the innovative proposals developed by the Bacteriological
      Laboratory of the Kirov Blood Transfusion Institute)].

PMID- 155247
TI  - [Current views on the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection].

PMID- 155249
TI  - [Biological activity of erythrocytic chalone in erythremia].

PMID- 155250
TI  - [Work experience of the Samarkand Province blood service in developing a free
      blood donor system].

PMID- 155251
TI  - [Characteristics of thrombocytopoiesis during prolonged alpine adaptation].

PMID- 155252
TI  - Disruption of latent inhibition following systemic administration of
      parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA).

PMID- 155254
TI  - [Paternal attitudes damaging to children].

PMID- 155253
TI  - Sixty latissimus dorsi flaps.
AB  - In clinical experiences with 60 cases, we have found the latissimus dorsi to be a
      reliable and versatile flap. We describe its use for a functional muscle transfer
      (in restoration of elbow flexion and repair of abdominal wall defects), for arm
      and shoulder coverage, for breast reconstruction, and as a free flap.

PMID- 155256
TI  - [Attic ankylosis syndromes of the ossicular chain].

PMID- 155255
TI  - [Histoenzymological considerations and electron microscopic studies of graft
      disease].

PMID- 155257
TI  - [Critical discussions on the surgical procedures in abductor paralysis of the
      glottis].

PMID- 155258
TI  - [Laryngeal paralysis of cardiovascular etiology].

PMID- 155259
TI  - [Comments on 6 cases of laryngeal hemangioma].

PMID- 155260
TI  - [Contributing etiopathogenetic causes and histopathological aspects of benign
      laryngeal tumor formation in an area of heavy industry].

PMID- 155261
TI  - [Laryngeal manifestations of functional psychogenic dysphonia].

PMID- 155263
TI  - [Causes and mechanisms of failure in the surgical treatment of chronic maxillary
      sinusitis].

PMID- 155262
TI  - [Pharyngo-laryngeal disorders in patients with gastroesophageal reflux].

PMID- 155265
TI  - [Nasal papillomas].

PMID- 155264
TI  - [Dermatoplasty in the treatment of Rendu-Osler-Weber disease].

PMID- 155267
TI  - [Obituary: Dr. Dan Firica].

PMID- 155266
TI  - [Unusual cause of headache: retention of a foreign body in the middle of the
      face].

PMID- 155268
TI  - [Dr. Alexandru Dorizo (1917--1977)].

PMID- 155269
TI  - [Clinical aspects of neurological pathology of the larynx, with
      neurophysiological implications].

PMID- 155271
TI  - ["Inverse" cordopexy (medicordopexy) in unilateral recurrent nerve paralysis].

PMID- 155270
TI  - [Dyspneic manifestations in chronic pseudomyxomatous laryngitis].

PMID- 155273
TI  - [Incidence of benign laryngeal tumors].

PMID- 155272
TI  - [Hyperfunctional dysphonias in children].

PMID- 155275
TI  - [Endoscopic cryobiopsy in tracheobronchial pathology].

PMID- 155274
TI  - [Resolution of pharyngocutaneous fistulas appearing after total laryngectomy].

PMID- 155276
TI  - [Problems of mucoceles. I. General considerations and etiopathogenic
      reflections].

PMID- 155277
TI  - [Botryomycoma in otorhinolaryngology (2 cases with nasal and auricular
      localization)].

PMID- 155279
TI  - Organized camping and the handicapped child: a three-year study.

PMID- 155278
TI  - [Neuromuscular effects of hexafluorene bromide in association with
      succinylcholine].

PMID- 155280
TI  - Effects of sodium pentobarbital on rat heart sarcolemma.
AB  - The effects of sodium pentobarbital on ATPase, Ca2+ binding and adenylate cyclase
      activities of the rat heart sarcolemmal preparations were investigated. The Na+ -
      K+ ATPase activity was diminished by pentobarbital in concentrations as low as
      0.3 mM. Mg2+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase activities were also
      depressed but required 10 to 15 mM of this agent. Pentobarbital in concentrations
      of 10 mM, however, caused an increase in sarcolemmal Ca2+ binding. Mitochondrial
      and microsomal ATPase activities were decreased by 1 and 5 mM concentrations of
      pentobarbital respectively, while myofibrillar ATPase activity was unaltered even
      at a concentration of 20 mM. These data suggest that cardiodepressant effects of
      high doses of pentobarbital may partly be explained on the basis of its actions
      on heart sarcolemma.

PMID- 155281
TI  - [Pressure and volume relationship].

PMID- 155282
TI  - [The importance of prophylaxis of dental caries with oral hygiene and
      fluorophylaxis in abnormal children].

PMID- 155283
TI  - Biologic properties and detection of immune complexes in animal and human
      pathology.

PMID- 155284
TI  - Evidence for a circadian rhythm of the renin-like activity in the pineal gland of
      the rat.

PMID- 155285
TI  - Work and disability at the age of 30 years. A sociomedical study of a birth
      cohort from Bergen. IV. Economic activity, occupation, and earned income.
AB  - On the basis of interviews and data collected from various files and registers,
      the present study will analyse the work situation at the age of 30 years related
      to the type of school attended at age 14 years. The study is based on a cohort of
      1,570 persons, all live births in the year 1940 of mothers then residing in
      Bergen. A sample was taken after stratification of the cohort according to type
      of school attended at age 14 years. This sample was supplemented with persons who
      had attended Special Schools for the educable mentally retarded (EMR) and with
      persons who had received care from the national services for the mentally
      retarded (SMR). The final sample consisted of 262 persons. An association is
      found between economic activity, occupation, and earned income at the age of 30
      years and type of school attended at age 14 years. Former pupils of Special
      Schools for the educable mentally retarded clearly belong to a marginal group, as
      regards "self-support". Former pupils of Elementary School classes for slow
      learners are also a high-risk group concerning the development of work
      insufficiency.

PMID- 155286
TI  - Pharmacology and toxicology of Atrovent.
AB  - The anticholinergic drug ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) can be described as
      having pharmacologically a high degree of activity and a certain
      bronchoselectivity when administered intravenously. Inhalation studies, however,
      indicate that this is the most suitable route of administration. Inhalation
      provides with small doses the most effective concentration locally at the smooth
      muscle of the airways without producing anticholinergic side effects due to
      absorption from the airways or from the gastrointestinal tract. In certain
      experimental models of allergic asthma, ipratropium bromide was shown to be
      capable of influencing favourably bronchoconstriction and mediator release.
      Extensive toxicological examinations revealed with high doses all typical
      symptoms of overdosing an anticholinergic drug, like mydriasis, dryness of the
      mucosae and meteorism with coprostasis. Acute and long term inhalation studies
      gave no evidence for a functional and morphological impairment of the lungs and
      airways.

PMID- 155287
TI  - Chemistry and pharmacokinetics of ipratropium bromide.

PMID- 155289
TI  - Safety of Atrovent.

PMID- 155288
TI  - Acute effects of ipratropium bromide (ITBR, Sch 1000, Atrovent): a review of
      previous studies.

PMID- 155290
TI  - Comparison of ipratropium bromide and an oral anticholinergic drug in chronic
      bronchitis.

PMID- 155291
TI  - The effect of Atrovent in micturition function, double blind cross-over study.

PMID- 155292
TI  - Combined effect of an anticholinergic drug ipratropium bromide and disodium
      cromoglycate in exercise induced asthma.

PMID- 155293
TI  - Comparison of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol in a long-term trial in
      asthmatic and bronchitic patients in a cold climate.

PMID- 155294
TI  - A double blind cross-over study of maximal expiratory flows and arterial blood
      gas tensions in normals, asthmatics and bronchitics after salbutamol and
      ipratropin.
AB  - 8 normals, 8 asthmatics and 8 bronchitics inhaled comparable doses of ipratropin
      and salbutamol. Five different flow-volume parameters were measured before and at
      intervals from 3 to 360 minutes after inhalation, on a total number of 2880
      maximal effort expiratory flow-volume curves. Arterial blood gas tensions were
      measured before and 60 minutes after inhalation. In all parameters a significant
      larger effect (p less than 0.05) of ipratropin was found in normals, but in
      different time intervals. The parameter FEV1 and MEF at 50% of FVC showed the
      largest effect of salbutamol during the interval from 3 to 60 minutes in the
      asthma patients. None of the parameters showed significant difference in drug
      effects in the bronchitis patients. The findings suggested a more peripheral
      action of ipratropin than of salbutamol in the normals. No significant change in
      gas tensions were found after inhalation in any of the three groups.

PMID- 155295
TI  - A comparative study of the bronchodilatating effects of ipratropium and
      terbutalin inhaled with Monaghan IPPB-M 515 by 19 patients with chronic
      obstructive airways disease.
AB  - The effect of ipratropium (Atrovent) 0.125 mg x 4 daily was compared to
      terbutalin (Bricanyl) 5 mg x 4 daily, given to 19 patients with chronic
      obstructive airways disease (15 with chronic bronchitis, 10 bronchial asthma, 7
      pulmonary emphysema) as inhalation therapy with Monaghan IPPB-M 515, during 2
      treatment periods of 3 days. The investigation was carried out as a controlled,
      double-blind, cross-over comparison. The effect of treatment was evaluated by
      measurement of PEFR, symptom scores, including the side-effects and the use of
      rimiterol MDI for the treatment of acute attacks. The PEFR values were all higher
      than the initial values (P less than 0.001) during the period of treatment (08.00
      20,30 hrs). The highest values were recorded at 16.30 hrs, these were PEFR +
      31.7% for the Atrovent period and PEFR + 28.0% for the Bricanyl period. No
      statistically significant difference was observed in the PEFR, symptom scores,
      side-effects and the use of rimiterol during the Atrovent and Bricanyl treatment
      periods. The authors suggest that Atrovent is a wellsuited alternative
      bronchodilatator, particularly for patients with tremor, muscle cramp, and "inner
      restlessness" following treatment with a beta 2-stimulator.

PMID- 155296
TI  - Ipratropium bromide and fenoterol in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 155297
TI  - SCH 1000 in psychogenic asthma.
AB  - The effects of a beta 2-sympathomimetic (salbutamol or fenoterol) and the
      anticholinergic SCH 1000 administered both in combination and with placebo were
      compared in a double-blind random crossover design. Thirty-three patients with
      atopic, non-atopic and psychogenic asthma were studied. After inhalation of the
      sympathomimetic in combination with SCH 1000 or placebo the increase in FEV1 was
      significantly better for three hours (p less than 0.05) than after inhalation of
      SCH 1000 alone. There was no difference in the response to SCH 1000 in the atopic
      or non-atopic groups. However, in patients with a major psychogenic component to
      their asthma the FEV1 response to SCH 1000 was significantly better (p less than
      0.05) than in other asthmatics from four to seven hours past inhalation. These
      findings suggest that SCH 1000 might be a valuable therapeutic agent in patients
      with psychogenic asthma.

PMID- 155299
TI  - The relation between permanent administration of Atrovent and the dose of
      steroids in chronic bronchitis [proceedings].

PMID- 155298
TI  - Experience with Atrovent in coal miners.

PMID- 155300
TI  - Effect of Atrovent administered by inhalation on pulmonary mechanics in patients
      with obstructive lung disease [proceedings].

PMID- 155301
TI  - The effects of ipratropium bromide on the histamine inhalation challenge in
      asthmatic and bronchitic patients.

PMID- 155302
TI  - Protective and bronchospasmolytic effect of ipratropium bromide in bronchial
      antigen challenge tests compared to other antiasthmatic drugs.

PMID- 155303
TI  - ASD in patients over 40 years of age.
AB  - To evaluate the benefits of operative treatment of congenital heart disease in
      older age groups, a clinical study on patients over 40 years of age with atrial
      septal defect was carried out. The series consisted of 125 consecutive patients
      operated on between 1966 and 1974. There were 8 cases with a primum, 12 cases
      with a sinus venosus type of secundum and 105 cases with a simple secundum
      defect. The operative mortality was 2 patients (1.6%). It was due to myocardial
      infarction in one case and high pulmonary vascular resistance in the other. On re
      examination 3-6 months postoperatively, 107 patients were improved, 13 patients
      unchanged and 3 patients were worse than before operation. On re-evaluation after
      an average period of 6 years, 88 patients were still improved. 32 patients
      unchanged and 3 patients were worse compared with their pre-operative status. On
      the basis of the results and the previous reports on atrial septal defect without
      operation, the surgical correction of ASD even in older age groups can be
      recommended. The problem of deterioration of some patients, despite a good
      immediate postoperative result, is discussed.

PMID- 155305
TI  - Successful replacement of the aortic valve, mitral valve and ascending aorta with
      re-implantation of the coronary arteries.
AB  - A 63-year-old man was operated upon with replacement of the aortic valve, mitral
      valve and ascending aorta with re-implantation of the coronary arteries. A
      composite graft with a 27 mm Bjork-Shiley tilting disc prosthesis was inserted
      with 3 continuous Prolene sutures in the aortic position. The coronary arteries
      were thereafter re-implanted in holes made in the graft. A 31 mm Bjork-Shiley
      valve was sutured in the mitral position with about 20 isolated mattress sutures
      of Ti-Cron. Selective myocardial hypothermia was instituted with Ringer's
      solution of 4 degrees C. The total perfusion time was 185 min compared with 240
      and 275 min in two previously reported, similar cases. We consider that the use
      of cardioplegia, a composite graft and continuous sutures makes it possible to
      reduce the operation time in these complex cases. Our patient is in good
      condition 9 months postoperatively.

PMID- 155304
TI  - Clinical and haemodynamic observations after combined aortic and mitral valve
      replacement with the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis. Early and late
      results in 25 patients.
AB  - Combined mitral and aortic valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc
      valve (pyrolite) was performed in 25 unselected patients characterized by
      markedly impaired functional capacity, hypokinetic central circulation and
      cardiomegaly before operation. Surgery was performed during extracorporeal
      circulation with deep hypothermia. The mitral valve was replaced first in all
      cases. There were no intra-operative deaths, but 2 patients died while still in
      hospital (8.0%). One patient died 2 months postoperatively due to progressive
      heart failure. The remaining patients--with the exception of one who had died of
      cancer of the ovary--were re-examined in average 28.7 (18-40) months
      postoperatively. Most patients had improved symptomatically and were in
      functional classes I-II (N.Y.H.A.). The haemodynamic findings indicated
      restoration to normal resting values of cardiac output, pulmonary artery pressure
      and pulmonary vascular resistance, but with an increase in left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure (LVEDP). The mean diastolic gradient across the mitral
      prosthesis varied from 0 to 11 mmHg, while simultaneous pressure recordings from
      the left ventricle and the aorta, with one exception, disclosed no systolic
      pressure gradients (peak) across the aortic valve. Postoperative arterial thrombo
      embolic complications occurred in 2 patients, resulting in only minor
      neurological sequelae.

PMID- 155306
TI  - [Value of sonography in the diagnosis of obscure cholestasis].
AB  - A retrospective study has been conducted in 36 cholestatic patients to determine
      the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in preliminary differentiation of
      obstructive from non-obstructive hepato-biliary disease. Due to the high rate of
      correct biliary duct caliber evaluation, ultrasonography has proved itself an
      excellent screening method in patients with cholestasis of uncertain origin. The
      choice of the subsequent more invasive diagnostic examinations (ERC, PTC,
      laparoscopy) depends on the ultrasonic findings.

PMID- 155307
TI  - [Is intensive care for newborns worth while?].

PMID- 155308
TI  - Fibrinopeptide B and aggregation of fibrinogen.
AB  - Removal of fibrinopeptide B from human fibrinogen by reaction with the
      procoagulant enzyme from copperhead snake venom below 25 degrees C resulted in
      tight aggregation of the fibrinogen, which, in turn, progressively blocked a
      concomitant but sluggish release of fibrinopeptide A by the enzyme. When the
      clots obtained at less than 25 degrees C were warmed, they dissociated into
      soluble aggregates and monomers. Release of fibrinopeptide A then resumed, and a
      secondary coagulation followed. The aggregation induced by release of
      fibrinopeptide B itself involves a plasmin-susceptible segment located just
      distal to B in the B beta chain of fibrinogen, a segment previously shown to be
      of little importance in the aggregation induced by release of fibrinopeptide A.

PMID- 155309
TI  - Calcium transport across the plasma membrane: stimulation by calmodulin.
AB  - Active transport of calcium into inside-out vesicles of red blood cell membranes
      was stimulated equally by (i) the purified protein activator of calcium
      activated, magnesium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase isolated from red cell
      hemolyzates and (ii) calmodulin, a protein activator of cylic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase isolated from bovine brain. The results provide further
      evidence for the identity of red blood cell activator and calmodulin and show
      that this cytoplasmic protein may participate in the regulation of plasma
      membrane calcium transport.

PMID- 155310
TI  - Pneumococcal endocarditis in infants.
AB  - A case of pneumococcal endocarditis in an infant is reported together with a
      review of seven cases previously described in the literature. The prominent
      presenting symptoms of this usually fatal disease consisted of tachycardia,
      tachypnea, and cardiomegaly. A new murmur was heard in six of the eight patients.
      Fever was infrequent. Blood cultures were positive when done. The mitral valve
      was the site of infection in seven of the patients. In contrast to adult
      patients, pneumonia and meningitis are rarely encountered in children with
      pneumococcal endocarditis. The disease was fatal in all four patients before the
      penicillin era and in three of four patients who received penicillin.

PMID- 155311
TI  - Fleas of small mammals from Rangoon, Burma.

PMID- 155312
TI  - An outbreak of plague in Hlegu, Burma in 1977.
AB  - An outbreak of plague occurred in Hlegu Town, Burma in February and March 1977.
      Altogether 14 bubonic plague cases, with 2 deaths were reported, mostly children
      under 15 years of age. Twice as many males as females were affected. A
      retrospective investigation showed that a rat fall took place in the last week of
      January. Only 9.5% of the rodents which died in the epizootic were found to be
      infected with Y. pestis; this apparent low infection rate probably resulted from
      the inclusion in the survey of some dead rats which died of other causes. 14.5%
      out of 48 trapped rodents were found to be serologically positive. The general
      flea and cheopis indices were rather high, perhaps because fleas were found to be
      partially resistant to DDT and also because spraying of insecticide did not
      effect fleas on the hosts. The cheopis index in Hlegu Town was 1.17, and less
      than 0.5 in Hlegu suburb (Yankin-Yat) where no epizootic was reported. An active
      case search revealed 76 suspected plague cases out of which 11 were found to have
      bubonic plague. A field trial showed that plague vaccination during the outbreak
      did not result in a rise of detectable antibodies in persons inoculated.

PMID- 155313
TI  - Another case of human gnathostomiasis in Indonesia.
AB  - A male Gnathostoma spinigerum was removed from the abdominal wall of a 29-year
      old woman, who was in the habit of eating "naniura", a dish containing raw carp
      (Cyprinus carpio). After the removal of the worm she still had pain in her chest
      and noticed intermittent swelling of her right lower arm. Probably the patient
      still had one or more Gnathostoma worms migrating in her body.

PMID- 155314
TI  - [Level and structure of the visits for medical first aid by the population of
      rural districts].

PMID- 155315
TI  - [Analysis of the contigents of those who are ill for a long time and frequently].

PMID- 155316
TI  - [Role and place of primary medical health care in the public health of
      Kazakhstan].

PMID- 155317
TI  - [Main thing is an all-around, comprehensive approach].

PMID- 155318
TI  - [Medical activities of L. A. Kuznetsov, member of the Narodnaia Volia, in
      Kazakhstan].

PMID- 155319
TI  - The MMPI as a predictor of outcome in low-back surgery.
AB  - Between 1965 and 1975, 103 low-back patients were rated preoperatively for
      general level of functioning, and each completed a Minnesota Multiphasic
      Personality Inventory (MMPI) test. Following surgery, patients were rated in
      terms of treatment effectiveness at 6 months and 1 year. The MMPI hypochondriasis
      and hysteria scales were moderately related to surgical success, as were the
      severity of initial restriction in the level of functioning and the number of
      operations performed during the study. However, the MMPI profiles were strikingly
      similar for all patients. Factors which were not predictive of surgical outcome
      included age, sex, duration of symptoms, number of back surgeries prior to
      entering this clinic, and the degree of pathologic condition discovered at
      operation. The failure to find a potent prediction scheme confirms that MMPI
      information must be used with considerable caution in treatment planning and only
      as an adjunct to other clinical and psychological data.

PMID- 155320
TI  - Anterior spinal tenderness in low-back pain syndromes.
AB  - This paper describes the clinical sign of anterior tenderness of the lumbar spine
      in patients with low-back pain, the method of examination recommended, and the
      possible significance of such tenderness. The precise mechanism of this
      tenderness is not clear because of a lack of knowledge of the neuroanatomy of the
      anterior part of the spine. Anterior palpation of the lumbar spine should be
      considered part of a full routine examination in patients with low-back pain.
      Long-term follow-up and observations will be required before the full
      significance of this sign is revealed.

PMID- 155321
TI  - Inferior mesenteric artery aneurysm: case report and discussion.
AB  - Although visceral artery aneurysms are uncommon, an isolated inferior mesenteric
      artery aneurysm is reported. A  55-year-old man underwent aortofemoral
      reconstruction with resection of the aneurysm and replantation of the artery into
      the Dacron graft. This unusual entity is discussed.

PMID- 155322
TI  - Chemotherapy of gastric and pancreatic carcinoma: a controlled evaluation of
      combinations of 5-fluorouracil with nitrosoureas and "lactones".
AB  - By random assignment a total of 176 eligible patients with advanced nonmeasurable
      pancreatic carcinoma were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) either alone or in
      combination with a nitrosourea (streptozotocin), in combination with a "lactone"
      (spironolactone), or in combination with both. By random assignment a total of
      179 patients with advanced nonmeasurable gastric carcinoma were treated with 5-FU
      either alone or in combination with a nitrosourea (methyl CCNU), in combination
      with a lactone (testolactone), or in combination with both. The median survival
      period for all pancreatic carcinoma patients was 17 weeks, and for all gastric
      carcinoma patients 30 weeks. The addition of the nitrosoureas or the lactones or
      a combination of both produced no improvement in length of patient survival for
      either primary carcinoma when compared to treatment with 5-FU alone.

PMID- 155323
TI  - [Dispensary service in therapeutics to patients in Belorussian S.S.R].

PMID- 155324
TI  - Determination of the amount of thrombin generated in undiluted plasma during
      coagulation. Effect of platelets, thromboplastin, factor VIII and prothrombin
      complex.

PMID- 155325
TI  - Isolation of vasoactive peptides from human fibrin and fibrinogen degraded by
      plasmin.

PMID- 155326
TI  - The disability oriented rehabilitation unit--a major factor influencing stroke
      outcome.
AB  - Many investigators have analyzed the effectiveness of the cardiac care unit (as a
      model of a disability oriented, specially staffed, geographically isolated unit)
      in altering outcome following acute myocardial infarction. Little data are
      available, however, on the efficacy of caring for patients with stroke on
      specially staffed disability oriented units. Of 667 patients with stroke recently
      discharged from the Burke Rehabilitation Center, 589 were admitted to the stroke
      unit (SU group) and 78 were admitted to other units (NSU group). Statistical
      analysis showed that the SU patients were significantly weaker, had longer onset
      admission intervals, and exhibited more concurrent medical problems and
      neurologic deficits. There were no statistically significant intergroup
      differences in age, sex, and distribution of weakness. Both groups had similar
      treatment programs provided by staff who had rotated through the stroke unit.
      Ability to perform activities of daily living (dressing, feeding, hygiene, bowel
      and bladder routines) and length of hospitalization were similar for both groups.
      SU patients walked better and went home more frequently than NSU patients. These
      data indicate than even in a rehabilitation center specializing in treating
      functional disabilities, patients with stroke are more likely to improve if
      placed on a disability oriented unit than if they are admitted to mixed
      disability units which are scattered throughout the hospital.

PMID- 155327
TI  - [The Arabic translation of [Hippocrates] "De superfetatione"].

PMID- 155328
TI  - [Plague prevention and political interests in the Danube region (1750-1850)].

PMID- 155330
TI  - [Study of the "Older German Macer"].

PMID- 155329
TI  - [Johann Gottfried Berger (1659-1736). Cartesian and occasionalistic thinking in
      his neurophysiology].

PMID- 155331
TI  - [Lichtenberg as a "Kuhnian"].

PMID- 155332
TI  - [Burkart Tutel, "magister in artibus, scolar in medicina"].

PMID- 155333
TI  - Sodium and potassium changes in blood bank stored human erythrocytes.
AB  - Storage of red cells for three weeks at 4 C under blood bank conditions resulted
      in a rise in intracellular Na+ and a fall in intracellular K+ with concomitant
      opposite changes in Na+ and K+ levels in the suspending plasma. A decline in red
      blood cell ATP during the storage period did not appear to be contributing to the
      changes. Increasing red blood cell ATP to levels 2 to 3 times normal did not
      prevent the cation changes from occurring. When assayed at 37 C in the presence
      of added Mg++, ouabain-sensitive membrane ATPase activity and kinetics of
      activation by Na+ were unaffected by the three week period of cold storage.
      However, when assayed at 4 C without added Mg++, simulating the conditions of
      storage, ATPase activity was negligible. Sodium and potassium did not change when
      red blood cells with normal ATP content were stored at 20 to 24 C even in the
      absence of added Mg++. Thus, a major cause for the development of cation changes
      in the red blood cell during blood bank storage in the temperature which inhibits
      membrane ATPase, allowing cations to leak unopposed into and out of the red blood
      cells.

PMID- 155334
TI  - An enzymatic method permitting early determination of histocompatibility in mixed
      lymphocyte culture.
AB  - The standard mixed lymphocyte culture assay, which measures the incorporation of
      [3H]thymidine into DNA, usually requires 5 days. We describe a more rapid assay
      based on changes in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase. An increase in the
      activity of ornithine decarboxylase was observed in mixed lymphocyte cultures
      from genetically defined, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-nonidentical
      miniature swine as early as 18 hr after plating. No increase was found in mixed
      cultures from inbred MHC-identical animals. Similar results were obtained with
      the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase with the increase in activity
      starting at about 32 hr. There was a good correlation between the ornithine
      decarboxylase values at 18 hr and the results of the [3H]thymidine incorporation
      assay on day 5. Preliminary experiments with human lymphocytes revealed similar
      results.

PMID- 155335
TI  - Stimulation of allogeneic lymphocytes by skin epidermal cells in the rat.
AB  - The ability of skin epidermal cells to induce allogeneic lymphocytes into
      proliferation was examined in mixed skin cell-lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR).
      The stimulating capacity of skin cells was reduced significantly by trypsin
      digestion, although the damage was repaired by incubation at 37 C for 3 hr. The
      optimal concentration of mitomycin C for treatment of stimulating cells in the
      MSLR differed from that in mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR). Irradiation
      rendered them three to four times more stimulatory than did mitomycin C. Removal
      of adherent cells from responding cells by passage through a nylon-wool column
      gave a substantial elevation of the MSLR. The lymphocytes cocultured with skin
      cells in the primary MSLR incorporated 3H-thymidine, with the peak at the 6th day
      of culture. If the lymphocytes primed in the MSLR were restimulated with skin
      cells from the same stimulating strain, the primed lymphocytes responded promptly
      and in great magnitude.

PMID- 155336
TI  - Antithymus cell activity of nephritogenic antibodies.

PMID- 155337
TI  - Office urodynamics.

PMID- 155338
TI  - Urodynamics in childhood.

PMID- 155339
TI  - The Handicapped.

PMID- 155340
TI  - Efficacy of febantel in sheep experimentally infected with five species of
      gastrointestinal nematodes.
AB  - The anthelmintic activity of the guanidine derivative febantel was tested in a
      total of 76 experimentally infected lambs in two control tests. Doses of 5.0 and
      7.5 mg per kg body-weight were administered orally against fourth and pre-adult
      fifth or adult stages of Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta,
      Trichostrongylus colubriformis, B unostomum trigonocephalum and Oesophagostomum
      columbianum. The efficacy was between 98.5 and 100 per cent. The drug was well
      tolerated.

PMID- 155341
TI  - [Feedlot on the state farm].

PMID- 155342
TI  - [Aerosol therapy].

PMID- 155343
TI  - [Paraffinized pellets in rodent control].

PMID- 155344
TI  - [Swine dysentery on the farm].

PMID- 155345
TI  - [Eradication of farms of infectious epididymitis in rams].

PMID- 155346
TI  - [Chemoprophylaxis of swine nematodiases].

PMID- 155347
TI  - [Control of dirofilariasis in dogs].

PMID- 155348
TI  - [Biopreparation production at Orsk Biologics Factory].

PMID- 155349
TI  - [Wintering goes on].

PMID- 155350
TI  - [Skeletal muscle lesion in leukemia].

PMID- 155351
TI  - [In a foremost district].

PMID- 155352
TI  - [Achievements of physiotherapy and balneology in the Belorussian SSR over the
      last 60 years].

PMID- 155353
TI  - [Tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in liver tissue with the
      internal use of boron-containing mineral water].

PMID- 155354
TI  - [Effectiveness of the electrophoresis of Saki natural brine in chronic
      nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 155355
TI  - [Hydrogen sulfide mineral waters of Saratov Province].

PMID- 155356
TI  - [Pathogenetic therapy of mastopathies in the prevention of breast cancer].
AB  - The breast cancer morbidity among the population of the city of Leningrad has
      been analysed. It was shown that there is a tendency to the increased number of
      breast cancer patients. In this respect attention is given to the prophylactic
      measures, accomplished in Leningrad City oncological dyspensary. As proved
      statistically, the pathogenetic therapy of mastopathy is a factor contributing to
      less risk of malignant transformation. For the statistical analysis the authors
      used the data of 132 breast cancer patients; previously operated upon for local
      fibroadenomatosis, and the data of 259 control patients. It was found that among
      the patients with fibroadenomatosis who subsequently developed cancer of the
      mammary gland, the proportion of untreated patients was 2.8 times as much as in
      the control group.

PMID- 155357
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the nutrition of the population in relation to endemic
      urolithiasis in the Chuvash ASSR].
AB  - By looking into the alimentary habits of the rural population residing in the
      urolithiasis endemic and non-endemic districts of the Chuvash ASSR the author
      ascertained definite differences in the content of calcium, silicon, strontium,
      manganese and cadmium in food rations of representative population groups under
      comparison. In the authors' opinion an elevated content of calcium, strontium,
      silicon, manganese and cadmium in food rations in inhabitants of the urolithiasis
      endemic districts is responsible for the urolithias endemy in the south-western
      areas of the republic.

PMID- 155358
TI  - [Isolation of influenza virus with the antigenic formula Hav4 Nav2 and Hav5 Nav2
      during epizootic infection among sea gulls in the Astrakhan district in the
      summer of 1976].
AB  - Virological examinations of nesting colonies of Laridae birds in the avandelta of
      the Volga, Astrakhan region, during an epizootic in July, 1976, yielded 5 strains
      of influenza virus: 3 from Sterna albifrons, 1 from S. hirundo and 1 from Larus
      genei, identical with A/Sterna hirundo/S. Africa/61 (Hav5 Nav2) virus. At the
      same period two strains were isolated from Larus genei showing a previously
      unknown composition of the surface antigens: Hav4 Nav2. All the strains were
      isolated only from cloacal washings.

PMID- 155360
TI  - [Late manifestation of a burn of intestine caused by laparoscopic tubal
      sterilization (author's transl)].
AB  - 12 days after laparoscopic tubal sterilization by unipolar high-frequency current
      the clinical picture of an acute abdomen developed as sequel of a burn of small
      intestine followed by perforation and peritonitis. Symptomatology and therapy are
      discussed.

PMID- 155359
TI  - [Various problems of epidemiology of viral hepatitis].
AB  - Because a rise in incidence of virus hepatitis observed in some years and showing
      an epidemic nature begins in one year and continues in the first quarter of the
      following year, it is recommended to register the incidence not from January to
      December, but from July to June of the next year in studies of some regularities
      of the epidemic process. Also, since in Baku a rise in incidence begins in July,
      it is suggested that planned gamma globulin prophylaxis be carried out not in
      September, but in early July. It has been established that children under 14 have
      virus hepatitis type A 10--24.4 times as frequently as adults.

PMID- 155361
TI  - [Metaphylaxis, protection of the disabled and assessment of impairments by extra
      pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Problems of metaphylaxis, the care of disabled and impairments by extrapulmonary
      tuberculosis need special attention in the care of patients by the Policlinical
      Department for lung-diseases and tuberculosis. In order to realise and to approve
      the specific control recommendations for the follow-up and examination of
      impairments are given by which the work of care-services and the execution of
      control-measure on the appointed day in their daily activities is facilitated.
      Bacteriological control by culture and special X-ray-examination must be
      performed with superior rank. The assessment of impairments and the protection of
      the disabled correspond to the opinion of experts in these special fields where
      extrapulmonary tuberculosis has any importance.

PMID- 155363
TI  - Mucopolysaccharides in bronchial secretion of children.
AB  - The diseases of respiratory system are nowadays one of the important medical,
      economical and social problems of modern civilization. A common symptom of these
      diseases regardless of their etiology, character, klinical manifestation and
      morphological findings is hypersecretion of bronchial sputum. Tracheobronchial
      mucus is produced by mucous bronchial glands and goblet cells. This mucus
      represents at physiological condition about 5 micrometer thick cover on mucous of
      nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi up to terminal bronchioles. Protective
      function of mucus cover resposes in mechanical and humoral barrier and also in
      removing the inhaled particles and their transport to the upper part of the
      respiratory system. In spite of the fact, that bronchial secretion has an
      important role in protective mechanism and in thermal and water exchange of
      respiratory tract, this secretion is not sufficiently scrutinized mainly of
      children yet.

PMID- 155362
TI  - [Fundamentals and possibilities of modern clinical genetics].

PMID- 155364
TI  - [Role of DNA repair disorders in chromosome instability, decreased longevity and
      neoplastic cell transformation in hereditary human diseases].

PMID- 155365
TI  - [Use of modified skin and provocation tests with drugs for the specific diagnosis
      of drug allergy occurring with a skin lesion].

PMID- 155366
TI  - [Drug allergy in nurses].

PMID- 155367
TI  - [Role of intestinal diseases in the pathogenesis of dermatoses].

PMID- 155368
TI  - [Experience in treating onychomycosis taking into account the clinical,
      epidemiological and pathogenetic characteristics of the disease].

PMID- 155369
TI  - [Economic effectiveness of dispensary care in textile enterprises].

PMID- 155370
TI  - [Organization of mass examinations of women for the purpose of diagnosing early
      forms of breast diseases].

PMID- 155371
TI  - [Morbidity and the medical care of working adolescents].

PMID- 155372
TI  - [Experience in organizing planned visiting organizational and methodological and
      therapeutic consultative assistance].

PMID- 155373
TI  - [Status and prospects for development of an orthopedic traumatology service in
      the RSFSR].

PMID- 155374
TI  - [Experience in organizing an obstetrical and gynecological service for workers of
      the textile enterprises of Ivanovo Province].

PMID- 155375
TI  - [Selection and training of management personnel].

PMID- 155376
TI  - [Automation of the planning calculations for the development of a hospital
      institution network in the RSFSR using economic mathematical methods and
      computers].

PMID- 155377
TI  - [Use of the bicoagulation technic in irreversible contraception].

PMID- 155378
TI  - A comparison of the lytic activity of poultry, human, and bovine phages with
      staphylococci of different origin.
AB  - The total of 625 staphylococcal strains of different origin were typed with 22
      Shimizu's poultry phages. For comparison all these strains were also investigated
      with the 24 phages of the international basic set for typing human staphylococci
      and with the 12 phages for typing bovine staphylococci. Of the 325 Staphylococcus
      aureus strains 50 from humans belonged to A biotype, 100 from chickens to B
      biotype and further 175 animal strains (of swine, rabbit, bovine, sheep, and hare
      provenance) to B, C, and D biotypes. Lytic activity of the poultry phages used at
      routine test dilution showed marked specificity related to the chicken strains
      were lysed. They were predominantly susceptible to phages CH4, CH14, CH15, CHA1,
      CHA2, CHA3, and CHA4. Most of the strains thus belonged to phage group I (74.0%),
      the others to phage groups II and III (18.0% and 2.0%). The examined strains of
      the other origins were either typable only sporadically (human in 4.0%, rabbit
      and bovine in 6.7%) or completely resistant. When the poultry phages were used at
      100 x RTD the number of typable strains increased more significantly only in
      swine, rabbit, and bovine strains (23.3%, 60.0%, and 56.6%). On the contrary,
      human and bovine phages lysed chicken strains merely in 14.0% and 1.0% at RTD and
      in 20.0% and 3.0% at 100 x RTD respectively. All the 200 Staphylococcus
      intermedius and 100 Staphylococcus hyicus strains were resistant to the used 58
      phages at RTD. When examined at 100 x RTD three Staph. hyicus strains were
      typable with the group IV phage CH11 from the poultry set, only.

PMID- 155379
TI  - [Biliminal problem in predicting cerebral strokes].

PMID- 155380
TI  - [Data on the Staphylococcus aureus carrier state among the personnel of Tashkent
      maternity homes].

PMID- 155381
TI  - [Serovars of NAG vibrios isolated from the water of open reservoirs].
AB  - Composition of serological types of NAG-vibrios isolated from the river water
      contaminated by effluents was found to be more varied than in uncontaminated
      water body. Vibrios of serological types 6, 8, 39, 41, 50, 53, 55 revealed
      frequently and in great amounts apparently inhabit the mentioned water bodies for
      prolonged periods.

PMID- 155382
TI  - Dynamic properties of in vitro enzyme systems containing phosphofructokinase.
AB  - The dynamic properties of a series of in vitro reaction systems with increasing
      complexity and containing phosphofructokinase as central enzyme have been
      investigated. An experimental strategy and a principal mathematical treatment was
      elaborated to search for the minimum requirements with respect to the enzyme
      composition of a reaction system for generating limit cycle behaviour. As a
      criterion, such models have been developed which permit experimental realization
      by application of a specially designed flow-through equipment. In addition to
      phosphofructokinase, the following enzymes have been stepwise included into the
      reaction systems composing the Models 1 through 6: pyruvate kinase, adenylate
      kinase, hexokinase, and glucose 6-phosphate isomerase. It turned out that only a
      minimum dynamic system containing phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase as well
      as excesses of adenylate kinase and glucose 6-phosphate isomerase for maintaining
      equilibrium conditions between the respective reacting species, acquires the
      property of limit cycle behaviour and, hence, to generate sustained self
      oscillations. The approach permits to compute the region of the experimentally
      variable parameters (influx rates of fructose 6-phosphate and ATP, maximum rate
      of pyruvate kianse) for which self-oscillatory behaviour can be predicted.

PMID- 155383
TI  - An indirect method to examine forces affecting Courvoisier's oblique gall-bladder
      incision.
AB  - The aim of this study is to establish a method by which the maximum forces
      attacking Courvoisier's oblique gall-bladder incision can be evaluated. Nine well
      informed patients served as subjects. Four investigations were made: pre-, per-,
      and two postoperative. The pre- and postoperative maximum isometric muscle
      strength in pulling forward were measured with a dynamometer. Simultaneously the
      IEMG was obtained. A muscle tensiometer was used for registration of the
      peroperative muscle pull of the right abdominal rectus muscle, and IEMG obtained
      simultaneously. The IEMG makes a calculation of the pre- and postoperative rectus
      muscle pull possible. The study seems to indicate that the most realistic
      estimation of the forces attacking the wound in the early postoperative phase is
      a preoperative measurement of the maximum force in pulling forward (attempted
      trunk bending). If ruptures in the wound occur during the extubation, ruptures
      would very likely also occur in the early postoperative phase. Eight weeks after
      the operation the right rectus muscle has regained its preoperative strength.

PMID- 155384
TI  - [Significance of TM echocardiography in adult clinical cardiology. 2].

PMID- 155385
TI  - Biologically active luteinizing hormone (LH) in plasma. III. Validation of the in
      vitro bioassay when applied to male plasma and the possible role of steroidal
      precursors.
AB  - An in vitro bioassay method for measuring LH activity was applied to male plasma.
      This method is based on the specific testosterone response to LH activity by
      interstitial cells from mouse testes. In contrast to assays conducted on female
      plasma, non-parallel response lines were obtained between serial dilutions of
      untreated male plasma and the International Reference Preparation for Human
      Pituitary Gonadotrophins FSH and LH/ICSH) for bioassay (code no. 69/104). In an
      attempt to eliminate this source of error, which would invalidate the assays,
      plasma was subjected to either ether extraction or charcoal adsorption prior to
      assay. While ether extraction was ineffective, charcoal treatment eliminated the
      source of non-parallelism. Evidence is presented indicating that the inclusion of
      a charcoal pre-treatment step provides an assay method for LH which fulfils the
      recognized criteria of reliability when applied to male plasma. An investigation
      of the likely causes of non-parallelism was undertaken by incubating mouse
      interstitial cells with various steroids and steroid sulphates at concentrations
      likely to be present in plasma. While most of the presumed precursors of
      testosterone were converted to testosterone, steroid sulphates
      (dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and pregnenolone sulphate) at high
      concentrations as present in male plasma were the most active compounds in
      forming testosterone. However, the amount of testosterone produced from these
      precursors under controlled conditions was insufficient to account entirely for
      the deviation from parallelism observed with male plasma. Hence, the non
      parallelism observed with untreated plasma samples cannot be entirely explained
      by the presence of steroidal testosterone precursors in male plasma.

PMID- 155386
TI  - [Properties of protamine-heparin complexes].
AB  - Protamine-heparin complexes have a considerable resistance to physical factors of
      the environment such as a high ion strength and acid or alkaline pH. Free
      protamine is digested by plasmin giving products with a greatly decreased ability
      to form complexes with heparin and lower antiheparin action. Bound protamine, on
      the other hand, is resistant to the action of plasmin as a result of which the
      enzyme does not release heparin from the complexes.

PMID- 155388
TI  - Disease pattern among 942 mentally retarded persons in a Danish county.
AB  - An analytical description is presented of 942 mentally retarded persons from the
      county of West Zealand. The prevalence of mental retardation (i.e. persons who
      were registered with an IQ below 75) was 0.36%. Almost half of the patients were
      living in institutions. Of the patients 43% were women and 57% men. Important
      aetiological factors are listed. In almost one third of the patients, similar
      cases were present among the closest relatives; 30% of the patients were born as
      the fourth or subsequent child in the family; one sixth of the mothers were more
      than 35 years old at the birth of the handicapped child. Twenty-two percent of
      the patients with IQs below 50 had Down's syndrome. Seventeen percent of the
      patients had epilepsy had 11% cerebral palsy. In the central institution all
      patients had psychiatric or somatic complications.

PMID- 155387
TI  - Early changes in the arterial endothelium under various pathological conditions:
      an electron histochemical study with visualization of altered permeability using
      electron microscopic tracers.
AB  - The authors have studied the endothelial changes in the aorta and the arteries of
      heart, kidney and other organs in cholesterol fed rabbits and endotoxin
      administrated rats through electron histochemical and vascular clearance methods.
      The vascular changes are variable presumably due to the functional and
      morphological difference of vessels. The administration of cholesterol and
      endotoxin may result in increased vascular permeability which is directly related
      to the qualitative increase and decrease of hydrolytic enzymes in the vascular
      wall. The permeability of high molecular substances was enhanced with the
      widening of the intercellular space in contraction of endothelium and the
      changing of molecular structure of plasma membrane accompanied with plasma lipid,
      platelets and hemodynamic stress. This fact was confirmed by use of horseradish
      peroxidase and dextran fesin as tracers of different molecular sizes. The authors
      emphasize that direct injury and subsequent abnormal contraction of the
      endothelial cell may initiate increased permeability of plasma protein and lipid
      in the medial layer and eventually may develop and enhance arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 155389
TI  - Tryptophan-nicotinamide, imipramine and their combination in depression. A
      controlled study.
AB  - In a double-blind controlled study lasting 4 weeks 25 newly admitted severely
      depressed patients were randomly assigned to tryptophan-nicotinamide or
      imipramine or tryptophan-nicotinamide-imipramine combination. Nicotinamide was
      given to reduce peripheral breakdown of tryptophan. Although there were no
      substantial differences between the three treatments, the efficacy of tryptophan
      nicotinamide tended to diminish after 2 weeks when the dose of tryptophan was
      increased from 4 g/day to 6 g/day and that of nicotinamide from 1.0 g/day to 1.5
      g/day. The therapeutic response of patients treated with tryptophan-nicotinamide
      was significantly correlated with the rise in plasma tryptophan. For the
      tryptophan-nicotinamide-imipramine group, however, therapeutic response and rise
      in plasma tryptophan were negatively correlated, implying that tryptophan levels
      were too high in some patients. The data suggest that tryptophan-nicotamide may
      be as effective as imipramine in unipolar patients providing the dose is kept
      within the therapeutic window, and that at low doses it could also potentiate the
      action of tricyclic antidepressants. Bipolar patients seem to require higher
      doses of tryptophan than unipolar patients.

PMID- 155390
TI  - Ileo-inguinal neuralgia: a forgotten disease.

PMID- 155391
TI  - Clinical comparison of locetamic acid (cholebrine) and ipodate sodium (Orgrafin).
AB  - Locetamic acid (Cholebrine) and ipodate sodium (Oragrafin) were compared in a
      double blind study of 503 patients. The radiographs were evaluated for contrast
      density, visualization of common duct, gallstones, residual in the intestinal
      tract, and side effects. Cholebrine demonstrated better opacification, fewer
      repeat examinations, slightly greater common duct opacification, and more
      frequent visualization of gallstones. Oragrafin had less residue. Side effects
      were minimal with both contrast agents.

PMID- 155392
TI  - From the clinic: back school.

PMID- 155393
TI  - ECG pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy in nonobstructive hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy: the significance of the mid-precordial changes.
AB  - A review of electrocardiograms from 33 patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy was made. In 22 patients there was noted a high QRS voltage,
      depression of the ST segment, and inversion of the T wave, satisfying the
      diagnostic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy with the abnormal changes not
      only extending to the midprecordial leads but showing the most striking abnormal
      changes in Lead V4 in 20 patients. The frontal plane electrical axis was normal
      (around 60 degrees), with the most remarkable changes in Lead II. In the VCG, the
      magnitude of the QRS loop was increased and directed anteriorly and to the left,
      and the T loop was deviated posteriorly and to the right opposite the QRS loop.
      The asymmetric septal and apical hypertrophy was noted on echocardiography and/or
      angiocardiography. The coronary arteries were normal without significant
      obstruction in selective coronary angiography. It was postulated that the
      asymmetric septal and apical hypertrophy was reflected in this ECG pattern. The
      recognition of this ECG pattern provides pertinent information in the clinical
      detection of nonobstructive HCM.

PMID- 155394
TI  - Influence of preoperative left ventricular function on results of homograft
      replacement of the aortic valve for aortic stenosis.
AB  - The effect of preoperative left ventricular function on early and late prognosis
      was assessed in 103 patients with aortic stenosis who underwent left ventricular
      cineangiography before homograft replacement of the aortic valve. The patients
      were separated into two groups: Group A (58 patients) with an ejection fraction
      of 0.46 or more and Group B (45 patients) with an ejection fraction of 0.45 or
      less. The two groups were compared with respect to clinical and hemodynamic data
      as well as operative result. There was poor correlation between clinical data and
      left ventricular function. In Group A there were three early deaths (5.2 percent)
      and three late deaths (5.2 percent) compared with no early and six late deaths
      (13.3 percent) in Group B during the follow-up period of 12 to 102 months (mean
      43 months). Most patients in Group B showed considerable symptomatic improvement
      but less than that observed in Group A. Forty-two patients (13 in Group A and 29
      in Group B) underwent repeat cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography.
      Improvement in left ventricular function as assessed by radial analysis of
      segmental wall motion and ejection fraction was observed in 20 of the 29 patients
      in Group B. Failure of left ventricular function to improve was associated with
      additional coronary artery disease in the majority of patients. It is concluded
      that poor left ventricular function does not increase the risk of aortic valve
      replacement for aortic stenosis and that improvement in left ventricular function
      can be expected in the majority of patients.

PMID- 155395
TI  - It's the law. Mandatory public education for handicapped children.

PMID- 155396
TI  - Familial occurrence of gastroschisis. Four new cases and review of the
      literature.
AB  - In two unrelated families, there was familial occurrence of gastroschisis. In one
      family, a boy and girl were affected and there was a family history of
      stillbirth, abortion, prematurity, and esophageal obstruction. In the second
      family, two boys were affected and there was a family history of spontaneous
      abortion, inguinal hernia, and umbilical hernia. The recurrence of gastroschisis,
      generally considered a sporadic congenital effect, suggests that the condition
      may be genetic in nature. Furthermore, the pedigree of one of the families
      suggests that gastroschisis may be a severe expression of umbilical hernia or
      other abdominal wall defects. Autosomal dominant inheritance with variable
      expressivity or multifactorial inheritance may explain the occurrence of
      gastroschisis in the two families. Thus, a family history of abdominal wall
      defects may increase the risk for gastroschisis.

PMID- 155397
TI  - Acne vulgaris. Current concepts of pathogenesis and treatment.
AB  - Although the basic cause of acne vulgaris remains unknown, considerable data that
      concern its pathogenesis and that have been accumulated in recent years allow a
      rational and therapeutically successful approach to the management of this
      disorder. To date, there is no single treatment for acne. Therapy must be
      individualized, with appropriate variations and modifications as the degree or
      severity of this disorder fluctuates. Today, this goal can be achieved by proper
      selection of available medications, coupled with the cooperation of the patient,
      and the knowledge, continued interest, and enthusiasm of the physician and his
      staff.

PMID- 155398
TI  - Steroid-sulfatase deficiency in sex-linked ichthyosis.
AB  - Steroid-sulfatase activity was absent in the cultured fibroblasts of nine
      affected members of eight families with sex-linked ichthyosis. An intermediate
      value of enzyme activity was found in an obligate heterozygote and a normal value
      in a patient with ichthyosis vulgaris. Cultured epidermal cells of an affected
      individual also had no enzyme activity, while normal cultured epidermal cells
      did.

PMID- 155400
TI  - Echocardiographic identification of cardiac abnormality in scleroderma and
      related disorders.

PMID- 155401
TI  - Plasma free androgen patterns in hirsute women and their diagnostic implications.

PMID- 155399
TI  - Abnormal skin fibroblast cytogenetics in four dysmorphic patients with normal
      lymphocyte chromosomes.
AB  - Four patients with features suggestive of chromosome disorders but with normal
      lymphocyte karyotypes were found to have chromosome aberrations in skin
      fibroblast karyotypes. Although mosaicism for chromosome abnormalities in
      lymphocyte cultures is common, apparent restriction of mosaicism to one tissue is
      unusual. We suggest that after examination of lymphocyte karyotypes, certain
      patients warrant cytogenetic evaluation of a second tissue, usually cultured skin
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 155402
TI  - Phosphorylation of a bovine cardiac actin complex.
AB  - A bovine cardiac actin-tropomyosin-troponin complex was phosphorylated in the
      presence of [gamma-32P]ATP, Mg2+, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), and
      bovine cardiac cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. Approximately 81% of the
      [32P]phosphate incorporated was identified as phosphoserine and phosphothreonine.
      Gel electrophoresis studies showed that 55% of the [32P]phosphate was associated
      with the inhibitory component of troponin (Tn-I) and 24% with a protein
      resembling the tropomyosin-binding component of troponin in the actin complex,
      respectively. The phosphorylation of Tn-I in the actin complex was inhibited 30%
      when Ca2+ was increased from 0.1 to 50 muM, but phosphorylation of other
      components was not affected by increasing Ca2+ concentration. Half-maximal
      calcium activation of the ATPase activity of reconstituted actomyosins made with
      the [32P]phosphorylated cardiac actin complex and cardiac myosin was shifted to
      Ca2+ values higher than those of actomyosins made with the nonphosphorylated
      actin complex.

PMID- 155403
TI  - Anion-stimulated ATPase activity of brush border from rat small intestine.
AB  - Differential centrifugation of rat small intestinal homogenates produced a crude
      brush border (BB) fraction that was enriched 15-fold for the marker enzymes,
      alkaline phosphatase and sucrase; contamination with mitochondrial enzymes,
      monoamine oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase, was minimal. ATP hydrolysis by
      this BB fraction was stimulated by addition of several anions to the incubation
      medium: HCO3 and Cl were equally effective in this regard, with NO3, NO2, SO4,
      and acetate being less stimulatory. SCN and CNO inhibited ATPase activity,
      whereas the divalent anion SO3 was stimulatory at low concentrations (less than
      25 mM) but inhibitory at 100 mM. Maximum anion stimulation was observed at a Mg
      concentration of 0.5 mM, and pH optimum was 8.5. Kinetic analysis showed that
      HCO3 increased the Vmax without altering the Km for ATP; the Ka for this effect
      of HCO3 was 35 mM. This enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 20 mM L
      phenylalanine, 10 mM L-cysteine, and 3 mM EDTA, compounds that also inhibited
      intestinal alkaline phosphatase. These results demonstrate the presence of anion
      stimulated ATPase activity in rat small intestinal brush border and suggest that
      this activity may be related to intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The role of this
      enzyme in intestinal transport is not known, but could relate to the regulation
      of intestinal absorption and secretion.

PMID- 155404
TI  - Extracellular space, water, and ion concentration in the hypertrophied rat
      myocardium.
AB  - Extracellular space (ECS), water, and intracellular ion concentration were
      determined in the normal and hypertrophied rat myocardium. Theoretical
      measurements of myocardial ECS based on a mathematical model (9.31%) closely
      approximated the observed results in the normal myocardium (12.8%) and
      hypertrophied myocardium (11.7%). Observed results confirmed theoretical
      considerations of no change in ECS with hypertrophy. ECS and water content were
      higher in the right ventricle than the left ventricle, but intracellular
      electrolytes remained unchanged. Myocardial hypertrophy did not alter these
      relationships.

PMID- 155405
TI  - Fructose-6-phosphate substrate cycling and glucose and insulin regulation of
      gluconeogenesis in vivo.
AB  - The question whether glucose or insulin regulates gluconeogenesis by effecting
      changes in the fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) substrate cycle (phosphofructokinase
      (PFK), fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase)) was investigated in vivo in fasted
      normal rats using [3-3H,U-14C]- or [3-3H,6-14C]glucose. The plasma glucose 3H/14C
      ratio was used as an index of substrate cycling because 3H loss from the liver
      hexose phosphate pool is limited by the activities of PFK and FDPase during
      gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, respectively. The 3H/14C ratio was corrected
      where necessary for glucose or insulin-induced changes in reincorporation of 14C
      from C-6 to C-1-3 of plasma glucose. A glucose infusion producing hyperglycemia
      and insulinemia was accompanied by decreased hepatic glucose production and
      diminished F-6-P substrate cycling, i.e., decreased FDPase activity. When insulin
      was infused along with glucose to produce high plasma insulin levels and avoid
      hypo- or hyperglycemia, the 3H/14C decay rate did not change, suggesting that the
      hormone does not influence basal rates of gluconeogenesis or PFK or FDPase
      activities. These in vivo results suggest that increased blood glucose levels
      inhibit gluconeogenesis and depress F-6-P substrate cycling. Whether these cycle
      changes constitute primary regulatory actions of glucose or occur secondarily to
      other metabolic events resulting from excess hexose (e.g., increased glycogen
      synthetase activity) cannot now be concluded.

PMID- 155406
TI  - Effects of starvation and diabetes on protein synthesis in lung.
AB  - Metabolism of lung proteins was investigated in rats starved 3 days or made
      diabetic with streptozotocin. Body weight was below normal in both groups, but
      lung weight decreased only in starved animals. Total lung protein and RNA
      (mg/lung) decreased during starvation and diabetes. Protein concentration (mg/g)
      was unchanged in either group of animals; RNA concentration decreased only during
      starvation. Protein synthesis, estimated in lungs perfused in situ, was reduced
      22% in starvation, but remained unchanged in diabetes. Inhibition of protein
      synthesis was accounted for by loss of RNA. Ribosomal profiles were unchanged by
      starvation, suggesting an unaltered relationship between rates of peptide-chain
      initiation and elongation in vivo. Activity of an eIF-2-like initiation factor
      decreased during starvation in proportion to the loss of RNA. In diabetes, factor
      activity remained normal. Thus, starvation but not streptozotocin-induced
      diabetes, reduced the capacity of the lung to synthesize protein. No evidence for
      reduced efficiency of synthesis was observed.

PMID- 155407
TI  - Natural biventricular hypertrophy in normotensive rats. I. Physical and
      hemodynamic characteristics.
AB  - The Wistar-Kyoto strain of normotensive rats (WKY) is being used as a control
      animal for studies involving the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A subset
      of the WKY demonstrating an inheritable transmission of biventricular cardiac
      hypertrophy (BVH) has been identified. The cardiac enlargement is pronounced,
      with right and left ventricular weights greater than twice normal in some
      animals. This natural development of BVH appears to be in response to an
      increased cardiac output. Blood pressure is normal and, therefore, peripheral
      resistance is reduced. Left ventricular injection of 15-micrometer radioactively
      labeled microspheres demonstrated that WKY with BVH had a substantial shunt
      fraction of their cardiac output (45 +/- 7% radioactivity recovered in the lungs
      vs. 3 +/- 2% in normal WKY). This subset of WKY with BVH provides a natural model
      of volume-load hypertrophy. In addition, investigators using the WKY for
      comparison with SHR should exclude animals with BVH.

PMID- 155408
TI  - Potentiation of lithium by tryptophan in a patient with bipolar illness.

PMID- 155409
TI  - Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in the dog. Comparison of
      results obtained with three different porous synthetic materials.
AB  - The anterior cruciate ligaments in 17 knees of 12 mongrel dogs were replaced with
      one of three porous minimally reactive prosthetic (synthetic) materials. The
      results show that while the porous materials support the ingrowth of fibrous
      tissue from the bone of the dog's knee, fatigue failure occurred before
      sufficient fibrous tissue was incorporated to reconstitute a functional ligament.
      Further laboratory investigation is necessary before prosthetic materials,
      currently available, can be used in the unstable human knee.

PMID- 155410
TI  - [Average age of women who gave birth to children with Down's syndrome].

PMID- 155411
TI  - [Transplantation immunity reactions in women during physiological and
      pathological pregnancies].

PMID- 155412
TI  - [In memoriam Prof. N.T. Raevskaia].

PMID- 155413
TI  - Experimental uveitis in isolated humoral and cellular immunity.
AB  - Passive transfer of homologous immune serum in rabbits followed by intravitreous
      injection with the corresponding antigen resulted in an uveal inflammation which
      resembled the Arthus-type reaction. Clinically and histologically, the reaction
      was maximal 24 h after antigen injection. The histologically observed cell
      infiltration consisted predominantly of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Passive
      transfer of sensitized homologous thymocytes followed by intravitreous injection
      with the corresponding antigen resulted in an uveal inflammation which resembled
      the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Tissue infiltration of
      polymorphonuclear cells as well as mononuclear cells occurred predominantly
      during the first day following antigen injection. An exudate containing almost
      exclusively eosinophils was present in the aqueous humor and/or vitreous body of
      most of these rabbits. During the second day an increase in the ratio monomuclear
      cells/polymorphonuclear cells could be observed.

PMID- 155414
TI  - Local anesthesia for laparoscopy in a case of myotonia dystrophica.

PMID- 155416
TI  - [Repeated abortions, sterility and systemic dysimmunopathy (author's transl)].
AB  - A patient with lupus disease had a previous medical history of five recurrent
      temporary bouts of thrombopenia which were followed by spontaneous abortions.
      This raises the two-fold problem of the relationship between circulating immune
      complexes disease and thrombopenia, and dysimmunopathy and pregnancy disorders.
      The hypothesis is raised of a trophoblastic necrotizing angeitis due to abnormal
      immunity processes involved in some cases of sterility, spontaneous abortions,
      and even nephropathies during pregnancy.

PMID- 155415
TI  - Gonorrhea. Center for Disease Control recommended treatment schedules, 1979.
AB  - These recommendations specify appropriate treatment, including dosage of
      antibiotics for uncomplicated gonococcal infections in adults, infections with
      penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, acute salpingitis, acute
      epididymitis, disseminated gonococcal infections, and gonococcal infections in
      pediatric patients (including neonatal infections). Special attention is given to
      important diagnostic considerations, relation of gonococcal infections to
      concomitant venereal infections, treatment of sexual partners, follow-up,
      treatment failures, treatments not recommended, allergic problems in treatment,
      needs for hospitalization, and prevention of gonococcal ophthalmia. Attention is
      called to the importance of using no less than the recommended dosages of
      antibiotics.

PMID- 155417
TI  - [Change in the left ventricle compliance during the initial period of
      hypertensive cardiopathy (author's transl)].

PMID- 155418
TI  - Modulation of membrane-bound enzyme activity by binding of antibodies to major
      histocompatibility complex antigens.
AB  - The preparation of right side-out vesicles from mouse plasmocytoma plasma
      membranes can be used to study the early functionnal events of the plasma
      membrane upon binding of ligands. Activation of two membrane-bound enzymes, 5'
      nucleotidase and Na+/K+ ATPase, induced specifically by several anti-H-2 antisera
      was investigated. A simultaneous stimulation of these two enzymes was reported at
      high dilutions of antisera directed against antigens of the MHC. Comparison
      between the enzyme activation test and the classical cytotoxicity test showed the
      former being more sensitive than the latter by at least one order of magnitude. A
      structural coordination between some histocompatibility antigens and/or other
      cell surface receptors and the membrane-bound enzymes could be envisionned for
      the initiation of lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 155419
TI  - Heart muscle mechanics.
AB  - The goal implicit in the research reviewed above is to describe the contractile
      behavior of heart muscle in terms of crossbridge and filament behavior. It is
      necessary to elucidate these details in cardiac muscle because of the distinct
      biochemical differences between skeletal and cardiac myosin. As is evident in
      this review, significant advances have been made toward describing unique
      mechanical properties of cardiac muscle crossbridges. Several major problems now
      require attention: (a) Activation parameters are labile, making mechanical
      measurements sensitive to measurement perturbation; (b) significant structural
      inhomogeneities at the cellular and sarcomere level prevent precise assignment of
      externally measured force to internal structures (force generators, passive
      elements) within whole cardiac muscle and individual cells; (c) high resting
      stiffness and forces of poorly understood origin and properties confound attempts
      to interpret force measurements and dynamics. The differences between heart and
      skeletal muscle myosin may provide the means for identifying structural
      counterparts of the Huxley-Simmons model (33); they may also be useful in
      evaluating the electrostatic and quantum-mechanical models.

PMID- 155421
TI  - [Antibiotic sensitivity of strains of nonagglutinating vibrios and El Tor
      vibrios].

PMID- 155420
TI  - Molecular aspects of cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - Despite continuous interest in cardiac hypertrophy, our knowledge of its
      molecular aspects is still elementary. Recently, however, several advancements of
      particular interest have been made: (a) Nuclei of muscle and nonmuscle cells have
      been separated, allowing for the first time the study of nuclear activity in
      specified cells (18). (b) Cardiac growth induced by pressure-overload (72) or by
      hormone treatment (26) has been shown to lead to myosin of altered ATPase, and
      strong evidence suggests that new species of myosin molecules thus appear. (c)
      The basis for assessment of protein synthesis and degradation has been
      established (46, 48). (d) Methods are being developed to supplement
      radioautography in evaluating cell proliferation (42, 59, 69). (e) In
      spontaneously hypertensive rats it has been shown that blood pressure might not
      be the sole factor responsible for cardiac enlargement, but that hypertrophy can
      be the result of genetic cardiovascular abnormality (19, 66). (f) A hypothesis
      relating the extent of energy utilization to the nuclear activity via NAD+
      metabolism has been proposed, which allows for experimental verification (43).

PMID- 155422
TI  - The effect of binding of cobalt(III)--nucleotide complexes on the kinetic
      properties of adenosine triphosphatase activity in coupling factor 1 from
      chloroplasts.

PMID- 155423
TI  - Hysteretic properties of soluble F1 ATPase from Escherichia coli. II. Nucleotide
      effects on the slow changes of the enzyme kinetic behaviour.

PMID- 155424
TI  - Ethylenediamine-induced exfoliative erythroderma.

PMID- 155425
TI  - Topical antibiotics for acne vulgaris. Current usage.

PMID- 155426
TI  - Subtle spine abnormalities in patients with back pain: fracture vs. congenital
      anomaly.

PMID- 155427
TI  - The arthritic in an urban environment.
AB  - Ninety-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthrosis were interviewed
      and questioned in their homes, being randomly selected from 354 outpatients with
      these diseases. The findings were compared with answers from 30 matched able
      bodied controls. The handicapped were mainly female and elderly; over half were
      severely or appreciably handicapped; nearly one-third lived alone. The average
      weekly income of these households was pound25, at least pound6 a week less than
      their age-matched counterparts. Very few subjects lived in adapted or specially
      designed housing, and half the housing had at least 2 steps to street level. A
      third of the sample could not walk more than 10 yards (9 m), and only half could
      walk 100 yards (90 m); yet only one-third had a bus stop, one-quarter a local
      park, and one-third a local shop within this distance. One-third of the patients
      could not shop for themselves. Powered wheelchairs were not used. Buses were
      rarely or never used by nearly half these arthritics because of severe
      disability. Cars were owned by less than a quarter of the sample, and only by
      those financially better off. Over a third were unable to get a lift when wanted.
      Cars ameliorated much of the frustration and lack of social contact caused by
      physical disability. Adequate financing would enable those with severe disability
      to engage in normal activities. Better designed buses stopping nearer the homes
      of handicapped would improve independence for those less severely disabled.
      Correct siting of mobility housing, shops, community facilities, and parks would
      be greatly appreciated, as would removal of all unnecessary steps and kerbs.

PMID- 155428
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and neuropathy following Vacor ingestion in man.
AB  - Two patients ingested Vacor, a rodenticide containing the active ingredient N-3
      pyridylmethyl-N'-p-nitrophenyl urea. Both patients developed ketosis-prone
      diabetes mellitus and severe autonomic neuropathy. Niacinamide therapy given nine
      hours after Vacor ingestion in one patient and 14 hours after ingestion in the
      other was not successful in preventing these sequelae. Physicians need to be
      aware of the toxicity of Vacor, and the potential therapeutic benefit of early
      niacinamide therapy.

PMID- 155429
TI  - [Familial congenital muscular dystrophy caused by phosphofructokinase
      deficiency].
AB  - Two children, born to related parents, presented since birth a muscular defect
      rapidly complicated by painful joint stiffness. The oldest child died at 6 months
      of age, from respiratory complications. The second-14 month old- does not sit
      without support. The muscle fibres are of unequal calibre and numerous fibres
      have under-sarcolemmal PAS positive areas contain glycogen, as seen on electron
      microscopy. In the second patient, the biochemical analysis showed a moderate
      glycogen accumulation and muscular enzymatic studies demonstrated an isolated and
      major deficiency in phosphofructokinase activity. Activity was normal in red
      blood cells and in fibroblasts cultured in vitro. Hence, these cases should be
      distinguished from formerly reported cases of phosphofructokinase deficiency.
      This type of P.F.K. deficiency should be looked for in patients with severe
      congenital muscular dystrophy and early joint involvement.

PMID- 155430
TI  - Studies on the human mixed lymphocyte culture. I. The influence of the irradiated
      autogenic and allogenic lymphocytes on DNA synthesis.
AB  - Fourteen patients with chronic renal failure and their prospective living donors
      were examined. DNA uptake by donors' monocultures, recipients' monocultures and
      mixed cultures was measured. The influence of X-ray treated cells on
      proliferative capacity of untreated cells in these three types of cultures was
      studied. The suppressing effect of irradiated cells was found in 52%, the
      enhancing one in 7% and no effect was observed in 41% of lymphocyte cultures. The
      possible explanations of the findings are discussed.

PMID- 155431
TI  - Studies on the human mixed lymphocyte culture. II. Comparison of one-way and two
      way test performed on lymphocytes of patients with end-stage renal failure and
      their prospective living donors.
AB  - The results of DNA synthesis in human one-way and two-way mixed lymphocyte
      cultures were compared. Twenty patients with chronic renal failure and their
      twenty six prospective living donors were investigated. Statistical correlation
      was found on the level alpha = 0.01 between the stimulation index value
      calculated for one-way and two-way technique. Two-way MLC, the rapid and simple
      and simple assay detecting lymphocyte activation is a very useful tissue typing
      test.

PMID- 155432
TI  - Studies on cell surface antigens of mouse leukemic and normal lymphocytes. IV.
      Functional studies on mouse T lymphocyte subpopulations. A. Culture conditions
      for generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

PMID- 155433
TI  - Immunosuppressive effect of concanavalin-A. I. Suppression of generation of
      cytotoxic lymphocytes in MLC.
AB  - The effect of Con-A on the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) in one way
      MLC was studied using mouse model. Mitogenic doses of Con-A substantially
      inhibited primary and secondary CL responses. Spleen cells after in vivo
      activation by Con-A revealed complete lack of ability to respond in allogeneic
      MLC. When such cells were added to normal responding cells, even at low
      proportion, CL generation in primary MLC was also diminished. These observations
      support the hypothesis that immunosuppressive effect of Con-A is exerted by
      stimulation of suppressor cells.

PMID- 155434
TI  - The appearance of factors influencing migration of lymphocytes (LyMIF and LyMSF)
      in rabbit mixed lymphocyte cultures.
AB  - In vitro migration of mixtures of peripheral blood lymphocytes derived from 26
      pairs of rabbits was significantly suppressed in 73% of cultures, significantly
      enhanced in 4% and unchanged in 23%, as compared to the corresponding
      monocultures. Sensitization of 26 rabbits by kidney graft resulted in more
      frequent appearance of migration enhancing factor. Six days after grafting 54% of
      donor-recipient mixed cultures showed enhancement of migration, 31% inhibition
      and 15% no effect. No enhancing factors were produced on the 9th day.

PMID- 155435
TI  - The effect of ATG treatment on LyMIF and LyMSF production in mixed lymphocyte
      cultures of rabbits after renal allotransplantation.
AB  - Rabbit lymphocytes, settled up in microcappillary tubes migrate into culture
      medium. In the previous communication we have shown that migration of mixture of
      lymphocytes derived from two blood donors was significantly inferior in 73% of
      cultures as compared to the corresponding monocultures. 4% of mixed cultures
      exhibited significant enhancement of migration and in 23% no effects were seen.
      Use of lymphocytes from rabbits 4-6 days after kidney allotransplantation and
      their corresponding donors resulted in conversion of this ratio. Percentage of
      cultures exhibiting enhancement of migration (production LyMSF) rose to 39, 46%
      of cultures were inhibited (produced LyMIF) and 15% did not show any significant
      effect. Treatment of kidney recipients with ATG exerted strong inhibitory effect
      on the appearance of LyMSF and on the appearance of LyMIF in mixed cultures.
      These results suggested that LyMIF and LyMSF were produced by separate cell
      populations.

PMID- 155436
TI  - Steroids and immunosuppression. Effect on anastomotic intimal hyperplasia in
      femoral arterial dacron bypass grafts.
AB  - The effects of steroids and immunosuppression on 6-cm long bilateral femoral
      arterial Dacron bypass grafts were studied in 30 adult mongrel dogs. The dogs
      were serially placed into one of the following three groups: control, steroid,
      and immunosuppression. The control and steroid groups each had a 70% graft
      patency rate, whereas the immunosuppression group had a 100% eight-week graft
      patency rate. The results in the steroid group were not statistically different
      from the control group, whereas the results in the immunosuppression group were
      statistically different from the control. The decrease in internal diameter was
      secondary to a localized accumulation of tissue at the anastomotic site, which
      histologically appeared to be a hyperplastic intima morphologically different in
      each group. There is a substantial decrease in intimal hyperplasia at anastomotic
      sites and a higher graft patency rate in dogs treated with low-dose azathioprine
      as compared with control of steroid-treated animals. The mechanism seems to be a
      slower and more orderly intimalization rather than suppression of any specific
      intimal cellular elements.

PMID- 155437
TI  - Respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 155438
TI  - Respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 155440
TI  - Suture material as a factor in the occurrence of anastomotic false aneurysms. An
      analysis of 26 cases.
AB  - False aneurysm formation is a well-recognized late complication of prosthetic
      graft insertion. Despite the fact that other etiologic factors may be involved,
      the behavior of the suture material remains of central importance. In a
      retrospective review of 1,330 peripheral vascular cases, we found 26 cases
      involving a total of 39 false aneurysms, or an incidence of 2% (26/1,330). Twenty
      four of these were directly attributable to failure of the monofilament plastic
      suture or silk suture material. Braided Dacron suture was used in the original
      anastomosis in another seven cases, and in these instances the false aneurysms
      were not related to suture failure but were association with such factors as
      previous endarterectomy, failure of arterial wall, and chronic hypertension. None
      of the 39 aneurysms was secondary to infection or trauma. These results emphasize
      the importance of using a braided, nonabsorbable suture material to ensure the
      continued integrity of an anastomosis involving prosthetic grafts.

PMID- 155439
TI  - Axillo-axillary bypass for subclavian steal syndrome.
AB  - Since 1972, 14 patients with subclavian steal and four with primary vascular
      insufficiency of the arm have been operated on using the axillo-axillary bypass
      graft. Two grafts have been replaced, one after nine months for threatened
      erosion, and the other after three years for thrombosis due to disease
      progression in the donor artery. The new grafts were patent at three and at 2 1/2
      years. One graft was occluded at six months and was not replaced. All other
      patients under observation in 1978 have grafts patent at one month to 6 1/2 years
      (average 2.2 years). Life table analysis shows the probability of graft patency
      (20 grafts) is 76% at three years. In the subclavian steal group steal on the
      left side predominated 2:1. Cerebral symptoms predominated with arm symptoms less
      often seen, although six patients had both. Associated vascular disease and
      hypertension were common. There was no mortality and few complications. Axillo
      axillary bypass grafting is considered the operation of choice for patients with
      subclavian steal syndrome.

PMID- 155441
TI  - [Lengthwise splitting of myocardial cells and nuclei].
AB  - A possibility of a peculiar method for division of myocardial cells and nuclei-
      longitudinal splitting--has been studied in hypertrophic hearts of 19 corpses.
      Morphological examination of the myocardium (separate weighing of the cardiac
      ventricles, measuring of myocardial components and muscular fibres in microphotos
      of transversal sections) has not revealed any signs of longitudinal fibres
      splitting: their average thickness either increase or remain the same with growth
      of muscular mass, and per cent of thin and thick fibres remains within limits of
      unreliable fluctuations. Analysis of serial transversal sections of muscular
      fibres and their micrometry confirm the reality of longitudinal splitting of the
      nuclei which is realized through several steps and depends on the degree of
      hypertrophy of muscular fibres.

PMID- 155442
TI  - [Alterations in the secretory glandulocytes of the stomach in the presence of an
      imbalance in adrenal cortex and thyroid gland hormones].
AB  - Gastric secretory granulocytes in Wistar rats were studied electron
      microscopically and microspectrophotometrically. Injection of L-thyroxin for 10-
      30 days resulted in decrease of acid phosphatase and ATPh-ase activity in the
      main and parietal granulocytes. Injection of hydrocortisone after or
      simultaneously with saturation of the organism with L-thyroxin results in
      increasing acid phosphatase activity of these cells. After simultaneous prolonged
      injection of these two hormones, the number of lysosomes increased in parietal
      glandulocytes and mitochondrial membranes were destroyed in the main and parietal
      glandulocytes. Together with these phenomena, changes in the activity of
      oxidative-reductive enzymes were observed, demonstrating a sharp decrease of
      energetic importance of the main oxidation way in Krebs cycle.

PMID- 155443
TI  - The improving hematologic picture in long-term surviving calves with total
      artificial hearts.
AB  - A coagulopathy associated with severe hemolysis was a limiting factor in
      obtaining long-term survivors among calves with total artificial hearts in 1969.
      Conversion of design from sac-type hearts to flexible diaphragm hearts, and from
      Silastic Dacron-fibril intimas to smooth polyurethane intimas, resulted in an
      abatement of the coagulopathy. In the most recent series of animals studied at
      this laboratory, platelet counts are normal and platelet survivals are half of
      normal. Plasma hemoglobins are normal. The coagulation system is still activated
      at specific loci within the total artificial heart, but is best compensated for
      in calves treated with antiplatelet drugs, having polyurethane hearts.

PMID- 155444
TI  - Interface radiation dosimetry in mandibular reconstruction.
AB  - When a beam of radiation crosses the interface between two substances, secondary
      electrons are generated. This results in enhancement of the absorbed dose of
      radiation roughly proportional to the difference in atomic numbers. Interfaces
      are created in reconstruction of the mandible with implantable trays containing
      hematopoietic bone marrow and cancellous bone chips. Radiation was measured in
      tissue-equivalent material surrounding mandibular tray implants of titanium,
      vitallium, stainless steel, and Dacron/polyetherurethane. The absorbed dose was
      enhanced by 29% to 36% adjacent to the metallic trays; 1% dose enhancement was
      noted adjacent to the Dacron/polyetherurethane tray. We conclude that, when
      radiation therapy is necessary following mandibular reconstruction, homogeneity
      of dose is maintained and local soft-tissue reactions to excessive irradiation
      may be avoided by using a nonmetallic tray.

PMID- 155445
TI  - Doctors use multiphasic screening plus personalized patient education.

PMID- 155446
TI  - Stenotic conditions of the lumbar spinal canal: changes in surgical techniques in
      the management of low back disability.
AB  - The diagnostic recognition of acquired stenotic conditions in the lumbar spinal
      canal occurring from the fifth to the eighth decades of life had led to a
      significant change in surgical techniques during the last ten years. This
      communication presents a comparison of surgical techniques used by the author in
      two consecutive series of patients operated for low back, lumbosciatic, and
      spondylotic caudal disability syndromes during the period 1965 to 1969 inclusive
      (100 patients) and 1976 and 1977 (105 patients). Interlaminar discectomy was
      carried out in 88%, and laminectomy with spinal nerve nerolysis in 12%, of the
      1965  - 1969 series. Discectomy by interlaminar approach was carried out in only
      10% of the 1976 - 1977 series; all other patients had laminectomies with or
      without discectomies. Early follow-up results in the recent series indicate a
      significant (20%) increase in the number of patients who resumed their previous
      occupations as compared with those in the previous series.

PMID- 155447
TI  - Cephalometrics in dental stress research.

PMID- 155448
TI  - Reduction of stress in the chewing mechanism. Part II.

PMID- 155449
TI  - Quadrant theorem. Part III.

PMID- 155450
TI  - Clinical management of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. (Craniocervical
      mandibular dysfunctional syndrome).

PMID- 155451
TI  - Analysis of myocardial action potential in left ventricular hypertrophy of
      Goldblatt rats.

PMID- 155452
TI  - Effect of chronic ethanol administration on energy metabolism and phospholipase
      A2 activity in rat liver.
AB  - 1. For a period of 31 days male rats were given a liquid diet containing 36% of
      its energy as ethanol. Liver mitochondria from these animals demonstrated lowered
      respiratory control with succinate as substrate, a diminished energy-linked
      anilinonaphthalene-sulphonic acid fluorescence response, and lowered endogenous
      ATP concentrations. The phospholipid/protein ratio in mitochondria from these
      animals was unchanged; only minor alterations in the phospholipid fatty acid
      composition were observed. 2. In experiments where mitochondria were incubated at
      18 degrees C in iso-osmotic sucrose (aging experiments), the above energy-linked
      properties were lost at an earlier time in organelles from ethanol-fed animals.
      Phospholipase A2 acitivty was depressed in mitochondria from control animals
      until respiratory control was lost and ATP was depleted. In contrast, no lag in
      the expression of phospholipase activity was observed in mitochondria from
      ethanol-fed rats. This loss of control of the phospholipase resulted in an
      earlier degradation of membrane phospholipids under the conditions of the aging
      experiments. 3. The ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) activities, measured in
      freshly prepared tightly coupled mitochondria and in organelles uncoupled with
      carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, were not significantly
      different in ethanol-fed and liquid-diet control animals. When the mitochondria
      were aged at 18 degrees C, the activity increased with time of incubation in
      organelles from both groups of animals. A lag was observed, however, as the
      ATPase activity increased in control preparations. This lag was not present as
      APTase activity increased in mitochondria from ethanol-fed animals. 4. The
      significantly lowered values observed for energy-linked functions with succinate
      as an energy source demonstrate that ethanol elicits an alteration in liver
      mitochondria that affects the site II-site III regions of the oxidative
      phosphorylation system. The apparent lack of control of the phospholipase A2 and
      ATPase activities in mitochondria from ethanol-fed animals suggests that the
      membrane microenvironment of these enzymes has been altered such that they can
      exert their catabolic effects more readily under conditions of mild perturbation.
      The fatty acid analyses demonstrate that the observed alterations both in the
      energy-linked functions and in control of the phospholipase and ATPase are not
      mediated through changes in the acyl chain composition of bulk-phase
      phospholipids.

PMID- 155454
TI  - Bound nucleotides and phosphorylation in Rhodospirillum rubrum.

PMID- 155453
TI  - Amino terminal amino acid sequence of macromomycin, a protein antitumor
      antibiotic.

PMID- 155455
TI  - Nitrogenase activity in pure cultures of spectinomycin-resistant fast and slow
      growing Rhizobium.

PMID- 155456
TI  - Substrate cycles: their metabolic, energetic and thermic consequences in man.
AB  - The role of substrate cycles in metabolic control was first indicated over ten
      years ago, but the recent interest in such cycles has developed from the direct
      demonstration by isotopic techniques of their existence in various tissues. I
      propose that substrate cycles form part of a logical series of biochemical
      mechanisms that exist to increase the sensitivity of non-equilibrium reactions to
      changes in concentrations of metabolic regulators. The possible importance of
      such cycles for provision of precise metabolic regulation in the tissues of the
      normal subject and the trained athlete is proposed. Furthermore, cycling may
      provide a mechanism by which hormones can change the magnitude of response in a
      tissue to a given metabolic signal, without interfering in the biochemistry of
      the basic control mechanism. It is, however, possible to extend the role of
      cycling to heat generation and thus to controlled energy loss by an organism.
      Heat generation by substrate cycles may be important as an acute mechanism for
      maintaining the body temperature in man in response to a sudden decrease in the
      environmental temperature; alcoholic hypothermia would be explained by inhibition
      of substrate cycling in the liver, and accidental hypothermia in the elderly
      could be explained by decreased capacity of substrate cycles with age. If heat
      generated by the cycles is rapidly lost to the environment, the expenditure of
      energy to maintain this heat loss could explain, in part, the physiological
      phenomena of the thermic response to food and the oxygen debt which is always
      observed after exercise. Finally, the energy expended in these ways could be part
      of a general biochemical mechanism for maintenance of the correct body weight; a
      decrease in the capacity of substrate cycles might be one factor involved in the
      development of obesity.

PMID- 155457
TI  - [Studies on the biotransformation of fominoben-HCl in man (author's transl)].
AB  - The biotransformation of 3'-chloro-2'-(N-methyl-N-[(morpholino
      carbonyl)methyl]aminomethyl)benzanilide hydrochloride (fominoben-HCl, PB 89 Cl,
      Noleptan) was investigated in man. The most substantial metabolites were
      quantified. The metabolite patterns of fominoben in urine and plasma are
      compared. Fominoben, is rapidly and extensively metabolized to many metabolites.
      At the time of the maximum plasma level. 2 h after an oral dose of 160 mg of 14C
      PB 89 Cl, only 1.5% of the plasma radioactivity can be measured as the unchanged
      initial compound. No parent compound can be found in the urine, only in the stool
      some traces of fominoben can be detected. The biotransformation can be
      characterized by four main pathways: 1. cleavage reactions, 2. hydroxylations, 3.
      cyclisations, 4. conjugations. The reactions 1--3 proceed as well simultaneously
      as successively.

PMID- 155458
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of oxiethyltheophylline and fominoben hydrochloride in man
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 155460
TI  - Studies on the sympathomimetic effects of guanoxan on smooth muscles of rat.
AB  - In anococcygeus muscle and vas deferens preparations of rat, guanidinomethyl-2
      benzo-(1,4)-dioxane (guanoxan) potentiated responses to norepinephrine (NF) in
      concentrations which exerted a neurone blocking effect. The potentiation was
      significantly reduced in reserpinized preparations and was abolished in the
      presence of nialamide. The possible mechanisms of potentiation have been
      discussed. Higher concentrations of guanoxan produced concentration-related
      contractions. The contractions were significantly less in reserpinized
      preparations. Phentolamine both prevented and reversed the contractions while
      methysergide was ineffective in this respect. Thus the effect of guanoxan appears
      to be mediated through the activation of alpha-receptors by the released NE.

PMID- 155459
TI  - [The effect of fominoben and oxyethyltheophylline in combination on pulmonary
      function and pulmonary hemodynamics in chronic-obstructive diseases of the
      airways (author's transl)].
AB  - Mechanics of breathing, gas exchange and pulmonary hemodynamics were investigated
      in 10 patients with chronic-obstructive lung diseases before and after treatment
      with oral doses of 160 mg 3'-chloro-2'-(N-methyl-N-[(morpholino-carbonyl)methyl]
      aminomethyl)benzanilide hydrochloride (fominoben, Noleptan) and 300 mg
      oxyethyltheophylline given three times daily. The data of lung function showed a
      slight decrease of airway obstruction during the treatment. Hyperinflation of the
      lung, restriction, gas exchange were not significantly changed on the average.
      The main effect was an improvement of pulmonary hemodynamics: the pathologically
      increased mean pressures in the pulmonary artery were normalized after treatment.

PMID- 155461
TI  - [Evaluation of a breast-feeding campaign in Trinidad].

PMID- 155462
TI  - [Comparative study of chronic hydroarsenicalism in 2 rural communities of the
      Laguna region of Mexico].

PMID- 155463
TI  - [Determinant factors in the illegal abortion trends in Chile].

PMID- 155464
TI  - [Paracoccidioidomycosis in Uruguay; its status and current problems].

PMID- 155465
TI  - [A prerequisite for anti-rabies revaccination: detection and evaluation of the
      humoral immune response to vaccination based on in-vitro tests].

PMID- 155466
TI  - Performance of a shell-type heat exchanger in extracorporeal circulation.
AB  - Tests were performed on a "shell" type heat exchanger used in a simulated
      extracorporeal circulation. The counter flow mode was the most efficient pattern
      and recommendations are made on which flow pattern should be employed with low
      water flow rates.

PMID- 155467
TI  - Hormonal status and steroid metabolism in two transplantable rat mammary tumours.

PMID- 155468
TI  - The effect of vitamin A acid on experimentally induced comedones: an electron
      microscope study.
AB  - Various concentrations of vitamin A acid were applied to experimentally induced
      comedones. All concentrations produced non-cohesive hyperkeratinization, which
      loosened the cohesive horny mass induced by oleic acid and expelled it from the
      follicle within 7 days. The highest concentration (0.1%) produced the greatest
      degree of non-cohesive desquamation in the shortest time. In follicles treated
      with the acid, the cell membrane of horny cells was thin and ruptured easily to
      produce a non-cohesive debris. Desmosomes were scarce and desmosomal bodies
      (fusiform electron-dense bodies) and tight junctions between horny cells were not
      seen in follicles treated with the acid. The acid also produced hyperplasia of
      the epithelial wall and an apparently increased mitotic rate. A 0.025%
      concentration of the acid increased the number of membrane coating granules by
      about 70% in all regions of the follicle.

PMID- 155469
TI  - Mandibular reconstruction and craniofacial fairing.
AB  - A method of restoring bony contour defects in the craniofacial regions employing
      a combination graft of autogenous bone and an alloplastic mesh is presented.
      Osteoinduction occurs within the confines of the alloplastic mesh from the
      cancellous bone and the resultant new bone conforms to the outline imposed by the
      alloplastic device. The advantages of this method include those of alloplastic
      materials combined with those of bone grafting. There is immediate restoration of
      an aesthetic contour with adequate strength and sound fixation.

PMID- 155470
TI  - Physical properties of myosin from aortic smooth muscle.
AB  - Porcine aortic myosin is a smooth muscle contractile protein similar to its
      striated muscle counterpart. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate indicates
      that the molecule consists of three classes of subunits with polypeptide chain
      molecular weights of 192,000, 19,000, and 15,000. At 277 nm the absorption
      spectrum gives an extinction coefficient for aortic myosin of 0.558 cm2/mg; the
      circular dichroism spectrum of the protein indicates that aortic myosin contains
      about 70% of its residues in the alpha-helical configuration. Amino acid analysis
      shows that the smooth muscle myosin has significantly more arginine and leucine
      and significantly less valine and isoleucine than rabbit skeletal muscle myosin.
      Other studies yielded these data: Vapp = 0.716 mL/g [eta] = 0.213 mL/mg, S20, w =
      5.84 x 10(-13)S. Similar studies with rabbit skeletal muscle myosin indicate that
      Vapp = 0.711 mL/g and S20, w = 6.36 x 10(-13)S. These properties suggest that
      aortic myosin, like skeletal muscle myosin, behaves hydrodynamically like a rigid
      rod.

PMID- 155471
TI  - Affinity labeling of catalytic and regulatory sites of pig heart mitochondrial F1
      ATPase by 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine.

PMID- 155472
TI  - Molecular properties of random coil and refolded forms of alpha and beta subunits
      of an energy transducing ATPase from bacterial membranes.

PMID- 155473
TI  - Neutral protease inhibitors from human intervertebral disc and femoral head
      articular cartilage.
AB  - Assays of several proteases, incorporating guanidinium chloride extracts of human
      femoral head cartilage and intervertebral disc, demonstrated that both tissues
      contain inhibitors of certain serine proteases. Trypsin, chymotrypsin and a
      granule extract of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes containing elastase and
      cathepsin G activities, were inhibited by low molecular weight fractions prepared
      by Sephadex G-75 chromatography. Using a radioassay, it was further shown that
      these fractions inhibit proteolysis of cartilage proteoglycan. The inhibitor in
      intervertebral disc is concentrated in the nucleus pulposus, with a decreasing
      gradient to the periphery of the annulus fibrosus. It is proposed that these
      inhibitors confer at least partial protection against pathological proteolysis of
      the proteoglycans in human articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus.

PMID- 155474
TI  - [Complex biochemical and structural study of skeletal muscles in scoliosis].
AB  - Structural study of human scoliosis muscles showed significant dystrophic and
      degenerative changes: desintegration of fibrillar structure and striation; the
      Zencker necrosis; the replacement of muscular tissue by connective and adipose
      tissues. The electron microscopic observation revealed disordering of filamental
      array of the sarcomere (I- and A-discs), the broadening of Z-disc material, the
      appearance of N-stripes in I-band. At the same time deviations from the norm were
      observed in contractile proteins: actin and myosin. ATPase activity of myosin
      decreased by 25--30%; the flow of birefringence of myosin and especially of actin
      also decreased. Actin from the scoliosis muscles partially or completely lost the
      ability for polymerization in 0.1 M KC1.

PMID- 155476
TI  - [Effect of nitrate and cytokinin on nitrate reductase activity in isolated
      corncockle embryos].
AB  - The effects of cytokinin and nitrate on the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) in
      isolated embryos of Agrostemma githago L. were studied. It was shown that the
      effects of cytokinin and NO-3 on the induction of NR is additive during 8, 12 and
      18 hrs of embryos incubation in the solutions of the two inducers. Anticytokinin
      decreased the cytokinin induced NR by 35--39% and had no effect on the NR
      induction by nitrate. The substrate and hormonal induction of NR differed in the
      duration of the lag period. This difference dependent on the physiological state
      of the embryos at the beginning of incubation. The data obtained are indicative
      of the independence of cytokinin and NO-3 effects on the NR synthesis in isolated
      embryos of Agrostemma githago L. Abscisic acid supressed cytokinin- and nitrate
      induced NR and had practically no effect on total incorporation of the label into
      the protein. It is assumed that the induced synthesis of the protein is more
      sensitive to the action of abscisic acid that the total protein synthesis.

PMID- 155475
TI  - [Investigation of sarcoplasmic reticulum SH-groups].
AB  - The amount and the reaction capacity of the thiol groups in the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum containing up to 86% of Ca-ATPase were determined using 7-chloro-4
      nitrobenzo-2-hydroxo-1,3-diazole (NBD-chloride). The total amount of SH-groups
      interacting with NBD-chloride is about 9 moles/10(5) g of protein as determined
      in the excess of NBD-chloride (750 micrometers). With respect to their
      sensitivity to NBD-chloride the SH-groups may be divided into two classes: slow
      and fast ones (5,3 and 3,5 moles/10(5) g of protein, respectively). The
      modification constants for the fast and slow SH-groups are 0,16 and 0,015min-1.
      ATP (30 micrometers) decreases the number of fast groups by 1 mole/10(5) g of
      protein. At higher concentrations of ATP (1--3 mM) the amount of fast SH-groups
      is decreased by 3 moles/10(5) g of protein, their modification rate constant
      being decreased 2-fold. ATP at concentration of 1 mM, decreases the rate constant
      for the Ca-ATPase inactivation by NBD-chloride from 0.68 down to 0,073 min-1,
      which coincides with the modification rate constant for fast SH-groups (0,071 min
      1) under the same conditions. Ca2+ at concentration of 10(-4) M increases the
      amount of fast thiol groups by 1 mole/10(5) g of protein, the rate constant of
      their modification by NBD-chloride being increased 2-fold. A half-maximal effect
      was observed in the presence of 5.10(-7) M Ca2+ . Mg2+ did not affect the total
      amount of fast thiol groups; however, it decreased their modification rate
      constant.

PMID- 155477
TI  - [Transport ATPases].

PMID- 155478
TI  - [Regeneration of electrical activity in anterior abdominal wall muscles following
      prolonged atrophy].
AB  - A possibility of restoration of the functional condition of the anterior
      abdominal wall muscles was demonstrated by the electrical activity parameters
      following long-term atrophy caused by a giant ventral hernia. Restoration of
      electromyographic indices was more complete when the anterior abdominal wall was
      stabilized with synthetic prosthesis material, since the muscle fibers in this
      case failed to be involved in the suture and were in functionally advantageous
      position.

PMID- 155479
TI  - [Analysis of the effect of phenamine, L-DOPA and parachlorophenylalanine on the
      zoo-social behavior of isolated mice].
AB  - Abnormal changes in the structure of the individual and zoo-social behaviour of
      isolated mice due to phenamine (amphethamine), L-DOPA or PCPA were shown. Several
      elements of the "pathological syndrome of isolation" in mice were found to
      increase under the action of the drugs studied. The extension or reduction of
      contacts between animals of the same species was used as an integrative indicator
      of recovering (resocializing) or aggravating (desocializing) effect of
      psychotropic drugs on the pathology of animal behaviour.

PMID- 155480
TI  - [Nature of the suppressor cells blocking the activation of DNA synthesis in mixed
      cultures of normal lymphocytes].
AB  - The nature of suppressor cells which are contained in lymphocyte suspension of
      mice immunized with allogeneic tumor cells and inhibit the DNA synthesis
      activation in mixed normal lymphocyte cultures has been studied. The suppressor
      cells are shown to be resistant to mitomycin C, X-irradiation and are not
      inactivated by the treatment of anti-O-serum or anti-Ig-serum in the presence of
      the complement. They adhere to the plastic and are inactivated by carrageenan in
      vitro. The macrophage nature of the suppressor cells is suggested.

PMID- 155481
TI  - [Changes in the level of epidermal G2-chalone and mitotic activity in the rat
      vaginal epithelium].
AB  - The content of tissue-specific inhibitor of mitosis in epidermal epithelium (G2
      chalone) was estimated by a single radial immunodiffusion test in the rat vagina
      during various stages of the estrous cycle. The level of chalone was found to
      correlate with the mitotic index (MI) of vaginal epithelium. The lowest level of
      G2-chalone is detected in proestrus and the highest one in estrus. The level of
      G2-chalone in vaginal epithelium was shown to be significantly decreased in aging
      rats (14--16 month-old) with regular cycles as compared to that in young normal
      cycle rats (3--4 month-old). The single injection of estradiol benzoate (1
      microgram/100 g) into ovariectomized rats led to an increase in the MI following
      18 hours. The increased MI is preceeded by a substantial drop of the G2-chalone
      level 12 hours after estrogen injection.

PMID- 155482
TI  - Survival of rabbit platelets treated in vitro with chymotrypsin, plasmin,
      trypsin, or neuraminidase.

PMID- 155483
TI  - In vivo effect on ATPase in certain tissues of Labeo rohita and Saccobranchus
      fossilis, following chronic chlordane intoxication.

PMID- 155484
TI  - Children with special needs: the Warnock Report.

PMID- 155485
TI  - Back pain--what can we offer?

PMID- 155486
TI  - Neonatal small-bowel obstruction associated with amniocentesis.

PMID- 155487
TI  - Peripheral skin necrosis complicating beta-blockage.

PMID- 155488
TI  - Registers for the prevention of genetic disease.

PMID- 155489
TI  - Drug-induced skin diseases.

PMID- 155490
TI  - Back pain--what can we offer?

PMID- 155491
TI  - Back pain--what can we offer?

PMID- 155492
TI  - The role of the perioral reflex in lip motor control for speech.

PMID- 155493
TI  - Effect of mithramycin on bone beta-glucuronidase and resorption.
AB  - Mithramycin suppresses bone resorption. Its effect on the synthesis and release
      of beta-glucuronidase (a referent for lysosomal enzymes) in mouse calvarial
      explants was studied in an in vitro culture system. A newly described medium
      (designated as KT medium) was introduced in this specific study. Mithramycin
      initially inhibited the release of beta-glucuronidase into the medium and
      resulted in an ultimate accumulation of this enzyme in the bone. These results
      suggest that inhibition of bone resorption by mithramycin may be attributed to
      interference in release of lysosomal enzymes from bone cells.

PMID- 155494
TI  - Topical neomycin.

PMID- 155495
TI  - Thermal injury to the bowel as a complication of laparoscopic sterilization.
AB  - Thermal injury to the small bowel occurred four times in a series of 7466
      consecutive laparoscopies and tubal cauterization performed for sterilization.
      The four patients presented with signs and symptoms of delayed bowel perforation
      4 to 11 days after the procedure. The perforations were small and involved the
      antimesenteric border of the terminal ileum. Histologic study of the excised
      specimen in one case showed full thickness coagulative necrosis of the bowel
      wall. Potential causes for bowel burn associated with tubal cauterization are
      discussed. Steps to minimize the occurrence of this complication include proper
      use of the laparoscope and cautery equipment, good anesthesia and gas distension
      of the abdomen, correct positioning of the patient and clear visualization of the
      operative field.

PMID- 155496
TI  - Withholding treatment: the position of the Canadian Psychiatric Association.

PMID- 155497
TI  - Legal opinion on position paper: withholding treatment.
AB  - We have reviewed carefully the position paper and wish to provide the Association
      with our opinion with respect to the legal implications involved. This is one
      paper which clearly supports the "right to life" of newly born retarded or
      mentally defective infants. In our opinion, this position is entirely within the
      law. However, the paper does raise a number of significant legal questions which
      we believe warrant consideration. It is our respectful opinion that a physician,
      when faced with a situation of parental choice to withhold treatment, should seek
      the guidance of the Court and only withhold treatment or administer treatment
      with the back-up of a Court order.

PMID- 155498
TI  - Left ventricular hypertrophy and its reversibility in young spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - The development of an increased ventricular wall mass was followed from birth
      until five weeks of age and also later in life in spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR) which were compared with normotensive control rats (NCR). It was shown that
      the first signs of enhanced ventricular growth were already evident in SHR in the
      first week of life. At 10 months of age left ventricular weight was 68% higher in
      SHR than in matched NCR, at a mean pressure difference of 30%. Treatment of SHR
      with antihypertensive agents, like hydralazine, hydralazine-guanethidine,
      propranolol, or metoprolol, from three weeks up to 10 months of age reduced this
      gross increase in left ventricular weight by only about 10% while the mean
      pressure difference between SHR and NCR was reduced by 50 to 70%. It appears that
      the increase in left ventricular wall mass in SHR is initiated so early in life
      and is of such a character that it can only, to a fairly minor extent, be
      reversed or prevented by pressure-lowering procedures. Part of the explanation
      may be a substantial contribution of myocardial hyperplasia, in association with
      a genetically linked predisposal to structural cardiovascular adaptation, either
      'inherent' in the effectors and/or caused by 'trophic' influences of a hormonal
      and/or transmitter nature.

PMID- 155499
TI  - The effect of interferon on lymphocyte-mediated effector cell functions:
      selective enhancement of natural killer cells.

PMID- 155500
TI  - Immunosuppressive activity of murine newborn spleen cells. I. Selective
      inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 155501
TI  - [Management of esteoarthroses of the temperomandibular joint].

PMID- 155502
TI  - [Mediastinoscopy in haematosarcomas (author's transl)].
AB  - Mediastinoscopy allows mediastinal examination through a cervical pathway. 17
      mediastinoscopies were performed on 15 children with lymphomas (5 Hodgkin
      disease, 10 non Hodgkin malignant lymphomas). The diagnosis was assessed by
      mediastinoscopy on 10 patients which had only an abnormal mediastinal opacity and
      were free from extrathoracic localisation. This endoscopy was done on 5 children
      associated with a staging laparotomy to establish a prognosis and to investigate
      the spread of the disease before or during treatment. Diagnosis was obtained in
      14 of the 15 patients. No surgical complications was observed. However, emergency
      care was necessary after two anaesthesical accidents in 2 children with malignant
      lymphomas. Mediastinoscopy is unfrequently required in children. Although in non
      surgical disease such as lymphomas, it may avoid an unnecessary thoracotomy and
      be repeated without damage.

PMID- 155504
TI  - Glycolysis measurements in red cells from drug-treated epileptic and anaemia
      patients.
AB  - Glycolytic activity was measured in red cells from epileptic patients treated
      with anticonvulsant drugs. These results are compared with measurements of red
      cell glycolytic activity from megaloblastic anaemia patients and normal controls.
      The differences obtained between epileptic patients and controls, as well as the
      differences between anaemia, epileptic patients and controls is discussed.

PMID- 155503
TI  - New drugs under clinical evaluation in the United States.

PMID- 155506
TI  - [Mucopolysaccharidosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 155505
TI  - [Striodentate calcification (Fahr's disease) with widespread cortical necrosis:
      report of histochemical, transmission and analytical electron microscopic study
      of the deposits (author's transl)].

PMID- 155507
TI  - Evaluation of a topical steroid antibiotic combination (halcinonide-neomycin
      amphotericin) in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis and inflammatory
      dermatoses.
AB  - Halcinonide-neomycin-amphotericin (HNA) cream was evaluated in the treatment of
      cutaneous candidiasis and inflammatory dermatoses. The anti-candidal properties
      of HNA were assessed in a parallel comparison with iodochlorhydroxyquin
      hydrocortisone (I-HC) as the control drug. The overall therapeutic response with
      HNA was excellent in 38 (95%) of 40 patients as compared to 17 (43%) of 40
      treated with I-HC. In 50 patients treated for psoriasis, eczematous dermatitis,
      or neurodermatitis, HNA was evaluated in a paired comparison with hydrocortisone
      (HC). The overall therapeutic response with HNA was excellent in 36 (72%)
      patients as compared to 18 (36%) with HC. There were no adverse reactions with
      HNA or the control drugs.

PMID- 155508
TI  - Immunologic (nonasthmatic) disease of the lung.

PMID- 155509
TI  - Diffuse pulmonary interstitial disease; an immunohistologic study.

PMID- 155510
TI  - Pathogenetic studies in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Control of neutrophil
      migration by immune complexes.

PMID- 155511
TI  - Supplemental security income for children.

PMID- 155512
TI  - The baby buggy: bringing services to handicapped rural children.

PMID- 155513
TI  - Early identification of handicapped children: a time for social work involvement.
AB  - Early identification of handicapping conditions in children greatly enhances the
      possibility of treatment that may limit malfunctioning. Social work has
      responsibility and an opportunity to become more active in early identification.

PMID- 155514
TI  - A study on the histologic structure of acupuncture points and types of fibers
      conveying needling sensation.

PMID- 155515
TI  - [Different sensitivity of DNA synthesis in normal and tumor cells to exposure to
      several N-alkyl-N-nitrosoureas].

PMID- 155516
TI  - Analysis and modelling of human motor control systems.
AB  - In this contribution the aims and possibilities of model studies and simulations
      are briefly discussed. Next, a simulation kit for the peripheral motor control
      system is presented in outline and, finally, some results which can be obtained
      with it are given.

PMID- 155517
TI  - Mode of innervation following stereoencephalotomy.

PMID- 155518
TI  - A physiological approach to motor disorders.
AB  - Spasticity in man is presented as a disinhibition of spinal cord mechanisms, the
      responses to stretch depending on the interaction of the reflex effects of group
      Ia with those of group II afferent fibres. The reflex responses to muscle stretch
      and shortening in Parkinson's disease do not depend on an abnormality of spinal
      reflex mechanisms. The superimposition of physiological tremor or alternating
      tremor in rigidity produces the classical cog-wheel sensation. The phase lead of
      the action tonic stretch reflex was found to be reduced in patients with
      athetosis and cerebellar disease, thus diminishing damping of unwanted movements.
      The more complex transmission characteristics of the action tonic stretch reflex
      of normal man are absent in patients with spasticity and cerebellar lesions,
      presumably due to interference with long-loop pathways. In normal subjects gain
      of the reflex loop increases with voluntary contraction but in spasticity gain
      remains high irrespective of contraction level.

PMID- 155519
TI  - Feedback control of voluntary movements in man.

PMID- 155520
TI  - Phosphofructokinase isozymes from human organs and blood cells.
AB  - Phosphofructokinase (PFK) isozymes of blood cells and some human tissues were
      studied by starch gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation by anti-muscle and
      anti-erythrocyte PFK sera. PFK from muscle, heart, brain and placenta were
      totally precipitated by both antisera. PFK from blood cells (erythrocytes,
      lymphocytes, granulocytes, platelets) were precipitated more strongly by anti
      erythrocyte PFK serum than by anti-muscle PFK serum. Liver, kidney and monoblast
      PFK were slightly precipitated by both antisera. From the electrophoretic
      patterns and the immunoprecipitation curves we may conclude that muscle contains
      the homotetrameric M4 forms; platelet, liver and kidney the homotetrameric E4
      form, and blood cells the M-E hybrids. Monoblasts probably contain a E4 type PFK
      precursor, and heart, placenta and brain, a modified M4 type PFK. Other isozymes,
      unrelated with muscle and erythrocyte, were revealed in liver and kidney.

PMID- 155521
TI  - The intentional termination of life.

PMID- 155522
TI  - Properties of microsomal subfractions isolated from developing rabbit skeletal
      muscle.

PMID- 155523
TI  - ATP synthesis and hydrolysis in chloroplast membranes. Differential inhibition by
      antibodies to chloroplast coupling factor 1.
AB  - 1. Divalent antibodies against chloroplast coupling factor 1 inhibited the factor
      ATPase, ATP synthesis, hydrolysis and Pi-ATP exchange in chloroplasts. These
      antibodies also inhibited coupled electron flow rates but not the basal or
      uncoupled rates. 2. Several types of non-precipitating, modified antibodies
      prepared from the original antibody preparation strongly inhibited the ATPase and
      Pi-ATP exchange reaction but had little effect on ATP formation. 3. It is
      suggested that the inhibition of ATP synthesis by the divalent antibodies is
      probably due to an indirect blocking of the active site, while the inhibition of
      ATP-utilizing reactions by the modified antibodies is related to their effect on
      the transfer of ATP from a non-catalytic to a catalytic site on coupling factor
      1, via an energy-dependent conformational change.

PMID- 155524
TI  - Reading achievement of disabled learners.

PMID- 155526
TI  - The yet to be served--a perspective.

PMID- 155525
TI  - Preparation of physical education teachers as required under Public Law 94-142.

PMID- 155527
TI  - Multiply handicapped deaf children and Public Law 94--142.

PMID- 155528
TI  - Cooperation between subclass of T lymphocytes in the in vitro generation of
      cytotoxicity against a mutant H-2K difference. An analysis with anti-Lyt
      antisera.
AB  - The cellular requirements for the generation of cytotoxicity in mixed lymphocyte
      reaction (MLR) across an H-2K mutant difference were analyzed. Treatment of
      C57BL/6 lymphocytes with either anti-Lyt-1 or anti-Lyt-2 serum and complement
      strongly reduced their capacity to mount a cytotoxic response against the B6.C-H
      2ba mutant. Almost complete reconstitution of the cytotoxic response occurred
      when a mixture of anti-Lyt-1 and anti-Lyt-2-treated cells was allowed to respond.
      Once cytotoxicity was generated, only anti-Lyt-2 serum affected it. It is
      concluded that in the cytotoxic response to the ba mutant, Lyt-1 helper cells
      collaborate with Lyt-2,3 killer cell precursors in the generation of Lyt-2,3
      killer cells. Lyt-1,2,3 cells play, if any, a minor role in the generation of
      cytotoxicity. By comparison, the capacity to generate killer cells in MLR against
      an H-2K + IA difference was only affected by anti-Lyt-2 and not by anti-Lyt-1
      serum, indicating that this response is relatively independent of help by Lyt-1
      cells under the conditions tested.

PMID- 155529
TI  - Interferon production in the murine mixed lymphocyte culture. I. Interferon
      production caused by differences in the H-2 K and H-2 D region but not by
      differences in the I region or the M locus.
AB  - Little has been made previously of the observation that interferon is generated
      in the murine mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). We have found high levels of
      interferon in the supernatants of MLR between spleen cells of mice of different H
      2 type after one to two days of culture. Interferon production was also seen in
      strain combinations that differed only in the K or D region of the H-2 complex.
      There was no production of interferon in strain combinations differing in the M
      locus or in the I region of the H-2 complex. The latter combinations are known
      not to induce cytotoxic effector cells. Thus, there seems to be a dichotomy in
      allogeneic determinants between those of the I region and of the M locus inducing
      primarily lymphoproliferation, and those of H-2K and H-2D inducing cytotoxic
      activity and interferon production.

PMID- 155530
TI  - MLR blast cells generated in mutant-standard strain combinations bind H-2K and H
      2D antigens.
AB  - Strains CBA (M523) (= M523) and CBA differ by a mutation which has been mapped
      genetically into the K region of the H-2 complex. Similarly, strains B 10.D2
      (M504 (= M504) and b 10.D2 differ in a mutation which occurred in the D region.
      The data presented in this study show that mixed lymphocyte culture in M523 anti
      CBA and M504 anti-B 10.D2 strain combinations leads to the release of membrane
      fragments from the stimulating cells and binding of these fragments by blast
      cells. The fragments always carry H-2K (in the M523 anti-CBA combination) or H-2D
      (in the M504 anti-B 10.D2 combination) antigens present in the stimulating and
      absent in the responding cells (antigens H-2.60 and H-2.40, respectively).
      Although Ia antigens may occasionally be present on the CBA membrane fragments,
      these antigens do not participate in the M523 anti-CBA MLR stimulation. The data
      thus demonstrate that serologically detectable H-2K and H-2D antigens can induce
      a MLR and that a mutation can change properties of H-2K or H-2D molecules so that
      the alteration is detectable by both serological means and lymphocyte activation
      assays.

PMID- 155531
TI  - Let's keep dentistry for children in private practice.

PMID- 155532
TI  - A maturational defect in passive membrane properties of dystrophic mouse muscle.

PMID- 155533
TI  - Physiological and histochemical changes of the extensor digitorum longus and
      soleus muscles after lateral cordotomy in the albino rat.

PMID- 155534
TI  - Genetic and evolutionary aspects of aging.
AB  - Four questions of fundamental importance to gerontology are considered. 1) The
      number of genes involved in aging--in the case of man, an analysis of the
      phenotypes of relevant spontaneous mutants indicates that aging is highly
      polygenic. 2) General categories of genes--regulator genes may be more relevant
      than structural genes: a) three aneuploid disorders, Down's, Turner's and
      Klinefelter's syndromes, ranked among the top 10 candidates as "segmental
      progeroid syndromes" when compared with 162 single gene disorders of relevance to
      the pathobiology of aging; b) the rates at which maximum life spans have been
      increasing, especially among hominids, have probably been too rapid to be
      accounted for by changes in the amino acid sequences of proteins; c) a
      preliminary analysis of the variance of maximum life spans among a few orders of
      mammals is suggestive of a linear correlation with the indexes of rates of
      chromosomal evolution, as estimated by Bush et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
      74: 3942-3946, 1977). 3) Nature of gene action--although there are reasons for
      invoking genes that modulate the rates of accumulation of somatic mutations,
      differential regulation of development is likely to be a major setting for gene
      action. 4) New approaches to formal genetic analysis of aging--advances in
      experimental embryology and somatic cell genetics offer such opportunities.

PMID- 155535
TI  - [Formation and morphoanatomical structure of the subterranean organs of the
      mountain parsley, Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench].

PMID- 155536
TI  - [Characteristics of clinical pharmacy activities].

PMID- 155538
TI  - [On the prescription of a potassium iodide ointment for the non-surgical removal
      of mycotic nails (author's transl)].

PMID- 155537
TI  - [Transfer of hospital pharmacies to the Main Pharmacy Administration of the
      Ministry of Public Health of the Tadzhik SSR].

PMID- 155539
TI  - RX = Railroad crossing.

PMID- 155540
TI  - [Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with follicular mucinosis].
AB  - Association of angiolymphoid hyperplasia (pseudopyogenic granuloma type) and
      follicular mucinosis in the same lesion on the scalp of a 30-year-old woman. A
      similar case has been reported recently.

PMID- 155541
TI  - Evidence that adenosine triphosphatase is one of the mitochondrial antigens of
      autoimmune liver disease [proceedings].

PMID- 155542
TI  - Purification and preliminary structural analysis of the efrapeptins, a group of
      antibiotics that inhibit the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase
      [proceedings].

PMID- 155543
TI  - Evolutionary temperature adaptation of the calcium-dependent adenosine
      triphosphatase of fish sarcoplasmic reticulum [proceedings].

PMID- 155544
TI  - Child abuse and developmental disabilities.

PMID- 155545
TI  - Labels -- an advantage or disadvantage.

PMID- 155547
TI  - Evidence against the presence of circulating immune complexes in chronic
      inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Several investigators have reported the presence of circulating immune complexes
      in serum from patients with Crohn's disease and chronic ulcerative colitis.
      Because previous assays employed conditions which might have caused
      immunoglobulin aggregates to form in vitro, thus falsely suggesting the presence
      of immune complexes in vivo, we tested inflammatory bowel disease sera for immune
      complexes using four assays designed to minimize in vitro immunoglobulin
      aggregation. In three assays immune complexes were not detectable, while in a
      fourth, the Clq precipitin test, positive reactions occurred. These precipitin
      reactions did not have characteristics of immune complexes. Our data suggest that
      circulating immune complexes are either not present in patients with inflammatory
      bowel disease or that they occur infrequently or in low concentration.

PMID- 155546
TI  - Determinants of the rate of intestinal absorption of oral cholecystographic
      contrast agents in the dog jejunum.
AB  - Successful opacification of the gallbladder during oral cholecystography depends
      on adequate absorption of the contrast agent from the intestine. The present
      studies were undertaken to define the specific characteristics of the intestinal
      mucosa and the properties of the various contrast agents which determine their
      rates of intestinal absorption. The polarity of the compounds was established by
      determining the ratios of their distribution between bulk solvents (benzene and
      water). In addition, the maximum aqueous solubility of each compound was
      determined. Using in vivo cannulated segments of dog jejunum, apparent passive
      permeability coefficients were measured. From these data, the apparent maximal
      rate of intestinal absorption was calculated. The six cholecystopaques studied
      differed markedly in polarity as judged by their varying ratios of distribution
      between benzene and water. The permeability coefficients varied inversely with
      the polarity of the compounds. However, the incremental changes in the
      coefficients were considerably less than the corresponding changes observed in
      the partition ratios. The rates of absorption of the more polar contrast agents
      (tyropanoate, iopronic acid, and iocetamic acid) were greater than the less polar
      compounds (iopanoic acid, sodium ipodate, and calcium ipodate) under the
      conditions in which the resistance of the unstirred water layer is not rate
      limiting and where bile acid micelles are not present.

PMID- 155548
TI  - [Secondary extra-uterine pregnancy (author's transl)].
AB  - The article reports on a patient with secondary extra-uterine pregnancy during
      the 20th pregnancy week. The highly multifaceted symptoms and the diagnostic
      possibilities are discussed on the basis of this case. Laparoscopy is rated
      decisively important.

PMID- 155549
TI  - ["Second-look laparoscopy" (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors present a report on their experience with the so-called "second-look
      laparoscopy" which they have been performing systematically since 1974. 44 (12%)
      second-look laparoscopies were done among a total of 383 laparoscopies during
      1974--1977. Second-look laparoscopy was performed on routine basis in women
      treated by radiology and/or pharmacotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the
      genitals, especially in the case of ovarian carcinoma. The diagnostic measure
      represents an important contribution to establishing whether chemotherapy has
      been successfull, especially in ovarian cancer.

PMID- 155550
TI  - Treatment of Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - A brief review is given of the use of fluoride, mithramycin, glucagon,
      actinomycin D, calcitonins and diphosphonates for treatment of Paget's disease of
      bone. The decision regarding treatment, effectiveness of the drugs, the incidence
      of side effects and assessment of clinical, biochemical, histological,
      radiological and thermographic responses are discussed.

PMID- 155551
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of carbamol GL-impregnated fabric].

PMID- 155552
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of the design, construction and operation of group agricultural
      water-supply systems].

PMID- 155553
TI  - [Metabolic indices of sodium and potassium electrolytes in the body of
      adolescents in a hot climate].

PMID- 155554
TI  - [Pollution of the manufacturing environment and occupational lung diseases in
      workers of a flax-processing mill].

PMID- 155555
TI  - [Allergenic properties of industrial flax dust].

PMID- 155557
TI  - [Work and occupational rehabilitation of silicosis and silicotuberculosis
      patients in the mining industry of eastern Kazakhstan].

PMID- 155556
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the effectiveness of sectional sprinkling in the slope
      mining of coal].

PMID- 155558
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of pneumoconiosis in the workers of Moscow
      Province ceramic and refractory materials enterprises].

PMID- 155559
TI  - [Aspects of occupational morbidity among agricultural workers in the Belorussian
      SSR].

PMID- 155560
TI  - [Behavior of satellite associations of acrocentric chromosomes in women with a
      history of obstetric-genetic abnormalities].

PMID- 155561
TI  - Indications, advantages, and limits of laparoscopy in ovarian cancer.

PMID- 155562
TI  - Enzyme histochemical alterations in human skeletal muscles after tenotomy and
      after spontaneous rupture of the tendon.
AB  - The authors studied the histochemical alterations of human skeletal muscles after
      tenotomy and after spontaneous rupture of the tendon. Both succinate
      dehydrogenase (in type I fibers), and myofibrillar ATP-ase (in type 2 fibers)
      activity was decreased in all injured muscles. In the intact antagonists and
      contralateral muscles alterations were not found. The creatine phosphokinase and
      aldolase activity were decreased also in injured muscles. The lactate
      dehydrogenase activity was various both in affected and in unaffected muscles.
      Two weeks or more after the injury of the tendon in injured muscles the number of
      type 1 fibers were decreased and therefore a mathematically significant type 2
      fibre predominance occurred. Atrophy involve both type 1 and type 2 fibers, but
      type 1 fibre atrophy was more pronunced as type 2 fibre atrophy.

PMID- 155563
TI  - [Effect of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on cellular calcium metabolism of
      kidney cortex (author's transl)].
AB  - Rats were provided a normal laboratory diet or a low Ca.vitamin D-deficient diet.
      After the administration of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, mitochondria,
      microsomes and slices were prepared from kidney cortex of both control and
      treated rats. When 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol was given to normal and low
      Ca.vitamin D-deficient rats, Ca accumulation in mitochondria was stimulated
      during 30 minutes and the high calcium content was maintained at the subsequent
      incubation. There was a significant decrease of mitochondrial Ca2+-ATPase and
      Mg2+-ATPase activities with low Ca.vitamin D depletion, but both enzyme
      activities were restored by 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol treatment of the
      depleted rats. Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities of microsomes were not
      altered with the administration of 1 alha-hydroxycholecalciferol. In contrast to
      results of mitochondrial Ca transport, changes in Ca influx and efflux of slices
      were not significant in response to the treatment of low Ca.vitamin D-deficient
      rats with 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. The results of the present study
      suggest that 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol plays a role in the process of Ca
      accumulation and ATP hydrolysis of mitochondria in kidney cortex.

PMID- 155564
TI  - [Computer tomography of the cervical spinal canal following intrathecal
      enhancement: cervical CT myelography. Studies on technic and the initial results
      (author' transl)].
AB  - Computer tomography of the cervical spinal canal was carried out in 54 patients
      after the intrathecal injection of metrizamide (CT myelography). In 43 patients
      this was done after conventional myelography, in eleven it was the primary
      examination. In 32 patients the examination proved normal and in 22 abnormal.
      Correlation between the CT findings and conventional myelography was excellent.
      Quite small intraspinal structures both normal and abnormal, could be
      demonstrated. CT myelography is particularly valuable for determining the special
      relationships within the vertebral canal. The procedure can supplement and
      confirm conventional myelography, for instance round the foramen magnum. Under
      certain circumstances it may be regarded as the method of choice, since it is
      simpler for the patient and less likely to produce complications due to the
      contrast medium.

PMID- 155565
TI  - [The collateral circulation due to cerebral arterio-venous malformation and
      occlusions of major cranial vessels (author's transl)].
AB  - Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the brain are diagnosed mostly in the early
      adult life. With the come up of Computerized Tomography (CT) which often is done
      without the strong indications as postulated for the conventional neuroradiologic
      examinations, asymptomatic AVM in the elderly population may be found. Since May
      1977 4 asymptomatic arteriovenous malformations were diagnosed in our institution
      using CT. 2 of these patients had severe degenerative changes of the great
      cerebral vessels and an unusual collateral circulation developed probably because
      of the steal-phenomenon in the vascular malformation. These 2 cases allow to
      study all possibilities of cerebral collateral circulation. Uncommon in one of
      the cases was a capillary anastomotic network through the thalami, in the other
      case an extensive dural rete mirabile developed. The problems of collateral
      circulation are discussed.

PMID- 155566
TI  - [High contrast doses for peripheral and cerebral angiography (author's transl)].
AB  - Angiography, using a standard method, was carried out on 100 patients with
      arterial occlusive disease involving the cerebral and/or peripheral vessels. It
      was shown that contrast medium with a high iodine content could be used in the
      relatively high dose of 80 ml. with an injection rate of 30 ml/sec. in the
      cerebral circulation without producing any complications. For pelvic and lower
      limb arteriography, 80 ml. contrast was injected at a rate of 12 to 18 ml/sec.
      This was well tolerated, but produced "vascular pain" like all commercially
      available contrast media. Total contrast amounts reached 300 ml. and 4.8 ml/kg.
      body weight and were tolerated without any clinical evidence of toxicity. Mild
      side effects were observed in seven patients, unrelated to the amount of contrast
      or the type of contrast or the region investigated. These changes resolved
      rapidly without treatment. As a rule the vessels demonstrated angiographically
      showed good contrast and were easily seen.

PMID- 155567
TI  - [Bilateral selective renal angiography--a procedure worth while? Report of the
      incidence of bilateral space-occupying lesions of the kidney in 2721 selective
      renal angiographies (author's transl)].
AB  - Since surgeons can save part of one kidney either by partial resection or
      reimplantation following "workbench" surgery, it has become increasingly
      important for the radiologist to demonstrate bilateral space-occupying lesions of
      the kidneys by bilateral selective angiography, magnification technique and
      computerized tomography of the kidneys. Fine-needle puncture of the kidney is an
      important additive technique to solve differential diagnostic problems of
      avascular, space-occupying renal lesions. Moreover it is a great comfort to the
      surgeon to know the appearance of both kidneys and may also modify the planned
      surgical procedure considerably. The incidence of 93 cases of bilateral space
      occupying lesions of the kidneys, diagnosed in 2721 selective renal angiographies
      over a period of 13 years, suggests that these entities are more frequent than
      previously thought.

PMID- 155568
TI  - [Malignant tumours in horseshoe kidneys (author's transl)].
AB  - Hypernephromas were found in horseshoe kidneys in two patients; the diagnostic
      problems arising from this combination are discussed. Detailed demonstration of
      horseshoe kidneys by excretion urograms may be poor and tumours may therefore be
      overlooked and, on palpation, an abnormality within the gastrointestinal tract
      may be simulated. Angiography usually indicates the diagnosis and helps in
      planning surgery. Although there is no increase in the incidence of adeno
      carcinomas in horseshoe kidneys, there is a significant increase in the incidence
      of Wilm's tumours and of carcinomas of the renal pelvis. Treatment consists of
      heminephrectomy or resection of the tumour; complications are relatively common.

PMID- 155569
TI  - [The scope and value of translumbar puncture of the renal pelvis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Percutaneous translumbar pyelography is indicated when excretory urography has
      failed to demonstrate the cause or site of obstructive uropathy and retrograde
      pyelography is impossible, undesirable or contraindicated. Under prophylactic
      treatment with antibiotics translumbar antegrade pyelography is safe, simple and
      accurate and in selected cases the only diagnostic method to establish exact
      diagnosis without which appropriate therapy cannot be planned. The method is
      described and the results of 30 percutaneous translumbar pyelographies obtained
      from 2680 renal angiographies and 230 punctures of space-occupying lesions over
      13 years are reported.

PMID- 155570
TI  - Fibrolipomatosis of the transplanted kidney.
AB  - Fibrolipomatosis of varying degree was observed in 24 transplanted kidneys. In 8
      patients there was no history of urinary tract obstruction or multiple
      infections, leaving earlier rejection periods as the probable factor responsible
      for development of fibrolipomatosis after transplantation.

PMID- 155571
TI  - [Oro-pharyngeal oesophagus papillomatosis. Description of one case (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A case of oro-pharyngeal oesophagus papillomatosis is described. It was
      associated with an adeno-carcinoma of the stomach. A brief, critical review of
      the literature with consideration of the aetiology and pathology is given.

PMID- 155572
TI  - [Evaluation of liver haemodynamics by spleno-portography in portal hypertension
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In 68 patients arterial and portal blood flow were measured by angiodensitometry
      in the course of routine, indirect splenoportography. Results were compared with
      those already published, with investigations of a model and with animal
      experiments. It was shown that, given certain underlying conditions, reliable
      results can be obtained even in the presence of a pulsatile flow and incomplete
      contrast mixing. Compared with other procedures, the method has the advantage of
      providing a complete picture of liver haemodynamics in the course of routine
      splenoportography in a simple way and without affecting the patient further. As a
      result the indications for performing a shunt and the choice of the shunt
      technique can be more accurately determined.

PMID- 155573
TI  - [Diagnostic criteria for pancreatic sonography during the course of uncomplicated
      acute pancreatitis (author's transl)].
AB  - The course of uncomplicated pancreatitis was followed by sonography in 45
      patients. The changes during the disease and their temporal relationship to the
      clinical stage are illustrated by an example. During the initial phase of the
      disease the sonographic findings may be so slight that they are easily missed,
      although clinical symptoms are present. It is only during the main phase of the
      disease that the typical sonographic findings of acute pancreatitis develop. At
      this time, maximal increase in amylase activity has usually passed. During
      recovery, with uninterrupted clinical and biochemical improvement, changes in the
      sonogram can still be seen for between three weeks and four months.

PMID- 155574
TI  - [The sonographic differential diagnosis of supra and infra diaphragmatic
      processes (author's transl)].
AB  - The sonographic features and differential diagnosis of 95 supra and infra
      diaphragmatic processes are described. Sonographic demonstration of the diaphragm
      permits definite differentiation between simple and loculated pleural effusions
      from periparenchymatous fluid collections in the abdomen.

PMID- 155575
TI  - [Lymph node metastases--diagnosis by lymphography and CT (author's transl)].
AB  - The value of lymphography and CT in the diagnosis of abdominal lymph node
      metastases was compared in 82 patients with various types of malignant disease.
      In the presence of systemic disease or testicular tumours, CT increased the
      recognition of lymph node metastases and their extent, particularly of high para
      aortic deposits which were frequently underestimated by lymphography. Lymph nodes
      in the pelvis are more easily identified. CT is the first choice for the
      investigation of systemic disease and testicular tumours. This will, in addition,
      also demonstrate abnormalities of the organs and assist in radiation planning. CT
      is a simple procedure which is also very valuable in following the effect of
      treatment. For metastases from other origins, lymphography is often more valuable
      since CT is unable to identify metastases in lymph nodes if these are not
      enlarged. The two methods complement each other and their combination provides
      improved diagnostic information.

PMID- 155576
TI  - [Percutaneous fine needle biopsy of lymph nodes (author's transl)].
AB  - Following lymphography, 76 lymph nodes were punctured percutaneously using a fine
      needle in 23 patients and an aspiration biopsy was performed. This simple
      procedure provided cytological comfirmation in cases of doubtful lymphograms.
      Systematic puncture of representative lymph nodes in the area of metastatic
      spread may at times be able to replace a staging operation.

PMID- 155577
TI  - Angiography in synovitis of the knee.
AB  - In inappropriately treated synovitides of the knee joint with shift towards a
      villonodular inversion, an inflammatory angiographic symptomatology may be
      expected which is different according to the seriousness of the illness including
      (1) local hyperaemia, (2) deviation of arteries, (3) morphologic and formative
      vascular inversions and (4) diffusion of the contrast material into synovitic
      conglomerates and (5) shunts. From these findings the stadia of synovitis may be
      evaluated, including the extent and place of the villonodular inversion in the
      clinically or arthrographically inaccessible sites. Differential-diagnostic
      contributions to the origin of the synovitis cannot be expected from angiography
      and biochemical as well as bacteriological methods (cultivation) remain
      necessary. Despite this, angiography has its supplementary value in all cases
      where an analysis of synovitis is impossible by other means and also in all
      cases, where the extent of the synovitic changes must be evaluated for an
      operative treatment.

PMID- 155578
TI  - Roentgenmorphological muscle changes in anterior horn cell lesions.
AB  - The author examined muscles in the extremities of 42 poliomyelitis patients using
      a special roentgenological technique. This method made it possible to objectively
      determine the size of the muscles in the soft tissues of the extremities. The
      volume and distribution of the increased amounts of fatty tissue in the muscle
      and the volume of normal muscle tissue led to draw conclusions regarding the
      histological state of the muscle. Roentgenmorphological changes are closely
      linked to muscle dysfunction. Roentgenological examination of the soft tissue
      provides a useful supplement to a muscle biopsy and to electromyographic
      examinations and is of value for the rehabilitation of the patients.

PMID- 155579
TI  - [Mammography in the diagnosis and treatment of non-puerperal mastitis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Circumscribed or diffuse non-puerperal mastitis is usually associated with local
      signs of inflammation. In two-thirds of these cases it is possible to demonstrate
      the radiological features of mastitis. Mammography is an important diagnostic
      procedure in the demonstration of acute mastitis and its differentiation from an
      inflammatory carcinoma; it is also valuable in the control of treatment. The
      success of intensive antibiotic therapy with recovery of normal appearances in
      the chest can be observed objectively by mammography. In distinguishing mastitis
      from an inflammatory carcinoma, radiological evidence of regression under the
      influence of antibiotics is evidence in favour of mastitis.

PMID- 155580
TI  - [Experimental study on image quality when using screens in mammography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 1. Different type of screens and x-ray films have been investigated using a Kodak
      mamma-phantom I.T.O. 745 and compared with conventional non screen industrial
      film radiography. 2. Dosisreduction by using screens depends on the used
      film/screen system. It is possible to reach a relation of 1 : 10. 3. The
      information depends on type of screen and of type of film. Therefore, it is
      possible to reach the information of non screen industrial film radiographs. 4. A
      suitable film/screen system allows without loss of any diagnostic information to
      replace non screen industrial films needing a high exposure dosis by a
      film/screen system needing decreases dosis.

PMID- 155581
TI  - [Dose measurements during mammography using a grid (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to increase film contrast, the Mammo Diagnost U (Philips) has been
      equipped with a newly developed grid. The apparatus was used with a film-screen
      combination in a clinical investigation (film: 3M type M,  screen: Kodak Min R,
      cassette: Kodak Min R). The paper deals with dose measurements on patients and
      phantoms who had been x-rayed by the apparatus. Measurements were carried out
      with a low kv. chamber and a LiF dose meter which were calibrated for various kv.
      ranges. The tissue equivalent phantom was a modification of the phantom substance
      M3; this was preferred to the usual substances such as Plexiglass or Vestyron
      because of its more suitable physical properties. A breast compressed to 5 cm.
      irradiated with 35 kv. receives an entry dose of about 1.4mC/kg. (5.3 R)
      corresponding to a maximal surface dose of about 31 mGy (3.1 rd.). In order to
      determine radiation dose to patients, measurements were carried out on an
      Alderson phantom using four different techniques. Surface dose to the
      contralateral breast and the lens was about 1% and .1% of maximal surface dose of
      the irradiated breast. Gonadal dose was less than 0.4 muGy (40murd.) per
      exposure.

PMID- 155582
TI  - [Futher means for reducing radiation dose during exposure of the pelvis in
      infants (author's transl)].
AB  - A simple dose-saving procedure for the diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia
      employing a diaphragm in nearfocus position is presented. Doses to the skin and
      the gonads were measured with a phantom for the new and other techniques. With
      optimal techniques the skin dose is smaller than 2 mR and the gonadal doses lie
      around 0.1 mR for both male and female patients. An estimate of the dose burden
      from undesired radiation is appended.

PMID- 155583
TI  - [Correlation between radiological, scintigraphic and histological changes in bone
      in rabbits following irradiation with single and fractionated doses (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The left hind legs of eight rabbits were irradiated with 1.750 rad in a single
      dose or with 4,650 rad divided over a period of three weeks. These animals, as
      well as four who had not been irradiated, were examined periodically
      radiologically and with 99m Technetium pyrophosphate scintigrams during one year.
      No difference could be detected between the results of the single and
      fractionated doses. Scintigraphically there was a biphasic increase in uptake,
      the first peak co-inciding with the irradiation and of vascular origin, whereas
      the second peak occurred at four months and was due to a change in bone
      metabolism. At the end of a year uptake in the irradiated limb was slightly
      reduced. The earliest radiological changes were found after six months, at the
      end of the second scintigraphic peak; they consisted of coarsening and blurring
      of the trabeculae, nonhomogeneous spotty mineralisation and endosteal scalloping.
      Six animals developed a radiation-induced bone sarcoma, first demonstrated either
      by scintigraphy or radiology depending on its histology. The value of combining
      radiological and scintigraphic examinations for the early detection of post
      radiation abnormalities is stressed.

PMID- 155584
TI  - [Therapeutic embolization of severe hemorrhages from the prostatic bed after
      transurethral prostatic resection].

PMID- 155585
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in "acute kidney failure". A case of unilateral
      posttraumatic acute kidney failure].

PMID- 155586
TI  - [Pneumopericardium and contrast medium filling of the pericardium after an
      esophagoantrosotomy].

PMID- 155587
TI  - [Coronary spasms in selective coronary angiography].

PMID- 155588
TI  - [Demonstration of an intrahepatic portal vein thrombosis from percutaneous needle
      puncture].

PMID- 155589
TI  - [Aneurysmally dilated vena Galeni in the angiogram].

PMID- 155590
TI  - Reflux of metrizamide into the lateral ventricles in vomiting.
AB  - Two cases are presented in which metrizamide refluxed into the lateral ventricles
      after vomiting, the contrast having been brought in intrathecally by lumbar route
      for CT-scanning of the basal cisterns. It is suggested the intrathoracic and
      intraabdominal pressures transority achieved in vomiting are transmitted to the
      spinal canal through the vertebral venous plexus. This results in a pressure
      which is transmitted through the C.S.F. to the posterior fossa, and from there,
      for anatomical reasons, to the ventricular system. Transitory dilatation of the
      ventricles results in aspiration fluid from the fourth ventricle, and hence
      reversal of normal flow in the aqueduct of Sylvius.

PMID- 155591
TI  - [Real time demonstration of the carotid and other peripheral arteries by
      ultrasound (echo arteriography) (author's transl)].
AB  - A newly developed ultrasound apparatus for use in angiologic diagnosis is
      described. The apparatus is a real time scanner with significantly better
      resolution than commercially available scanners. The carotid artery in the neck
      and major arteries in the arms and legs can be traced well into the periphery. An
      extremity can be examined in about ten minutes. It is possible to estimate the
      diameter of the vessel, the border between wall and lumen, its branches,
      amplitude and rhythm of pulsation and the relationship between the artery and its
      neighbouring tissues. The procedure is painless, has no side effects and
      therefore can be repeated as often as necessary.

PMID- 155592
TI  - Coarctation of the abdominal aorta.
AB  - Coarctation of the abdominal aorta is an uncommon process but an important cause
      of systemic hypertension. Angiography is the investigation of choice to establish
      a diagnosis and document the extent of involvement. However, angiography does not
      provide an etiological diagnosis; and it may not be possible to distinguish an
      acquired coarctation from a congenital process. Three patients with coarctation
      of the abdominal aorta are presented.

PMID- 155593
TI  - [Arterio-venous angioma of the kidney: embolisation and two year follow-up
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Successful embolisation of an arteriovenous angioma of the kidney with gel foam
      suspension is described, with a two year follow-up. Embolisation cured
      hypertension, which had otherwise resisted treatment, and stopped haematuria. The
      need for careful follow-up is stressed with long-term observations using both
      angiography and scintigraphy of the affected kidney. The intra-arterial
      embolisation with gel foam resulted in a redistribution of blood-flow which led
      to complete success of treatment even thought the vascular malformation had not
      been totally obliterated.

PMID- 155594
TI  - Comparative study of the binding to human serum albumin of biliscopine (a new
      cholangiographic contrast medium) and five other contrast media.

PMID- 155595
TI  - [The effect of contrast volume on the radiographic demonstration of the gall
      bladder and bile duct (author's transl)].
AB  - No differences could be detected subjectively in the quality of cholangiograms
      after the use of varying amounts of contrast medium (20 and 30 ml iodoxaminic
      acid). Pharmacolinetic data which would indicate the use of either quantity are
      not available. Densitometric measurements carried out by us showed no significant
      statistical difference between the results of using 20 or 30 ml iodoxaminic acid.

PMID- 155596
TI  - [Improvement of oral cholecystography and cholangiography with ceruletid
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Following oral cholecystography in 100 patients, the conventional "fatty meal"
      was replaced by an intramuscular injection of Ceruletid in a dose of 0.4
      microgram/kg body weight. The synthetic decapetide Ceruletid is a substance with
      a hormone-like effect on the gastro-intestinal tract. It contracts smooth muscle
      in the gut and stimulates secretion in the stomach and the exocrine pancreas.
      Compared with other substances producing contraction which are given orally,
      Ceruletid acts more quickly and more powerfully in producing contraction of the
      gall bladder muscle. In 86% of positive cholecystograms, this resulted in
      satisfactory demonstration of the bile duct, 66% better than for oral substances.
      Many abnormalities, particularly localised adenomyomatosis, can only be diagnosed
      after good contraction of the gall bladder. Side effects, such as nausea,
      dizziness and a feeling of heat were transitory. In three patients it led to
      vomiting. The rapid and certain effect of Ceruletid during oral cholecystography
      requires reassessment of the role of intravenous cholangiography in diagnosis.
      Particularly amongst out-patients, with a high proportion of normal gall
      bladders, it is possible to complete the examination in one stage by
      demonstrating the bile duct with Ceruletid.

PMID- 155598
TI  - [Radiographic examination of tracheal strictures by means of powdered tantalum
      (author's transl)].
AB  - This report deals with the diagnostic value of a tracheobronchography with
      powdered Tantalum in 5 patients who suffer from a severe stricture of the
      trachea. The own experiences with this method are described.

PMID- 155597
TI  - [The diagnosis and treatment of malignant haemangiopericytomas (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Two cases of malignant haemangiopericytomas are described; one was a multiple
      tumour, the other arose from the mediastinum. The difficulties of diagnosis, and
      particularly differentiation from lymphangiopericytoma, are stressed. Irradiation
      of the tumour is a useful addition to the forms of treatment.

PMID- 155599
TI  - [Gynaecomastia and mammography (author's transl)].
AB  - The term gynaecomastia indicates an increase in the mass of the normally
      rudimentary male breast; morphologically there is hyperplasia and differentiation
      of the epithelial and mesenchymal breast components. Gynaecomastia is not a
      disease in itself, but a symptom of some underlying disease or the result of
      drugs. Of 2895 breast operations performed at the surgical clinic of the
      University of Gottingen, 2.97% were operations on men with gynaecomastia. Amongst
      79222 mammograms in the Radiological Clinic of the University, there were 900
      mammograms (1.14%) of 392 men with gynaecomastia. Most benign and malignant
      conditions in men are retromammary in localisation. For this reason clinical
      evaluation is frequently wrong. The use of mammography as an additional
      diagnostic method in men is therefore more important than it is in women.
      Systematic analysis of the mammograms performed on men has made possible a
      classification of gynaecomastia according to the radiological appearances: I
      Septal linear structures (8.5%), II Opacities of varying density and size
      (26.5%), III Circular, usually inhomogenous shadows (15.5%), IV Homogeneous,
      demarcated foci of varying size (35.5%), V Soft-tissue hyperplasia-pseudo
      gynaecomastia (10%).

PMID- 155600
TI  - [The diagnostic significance of microcalcifications in testicular tumors
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The evaluation of total orchiectomy tissue specimens with malignant testicular
      tumors shows that microcalcifications can be found in a surprisingly high
      percentage by radiological and histological examinations. Small, often in several
      groups located calcifications in the parenchyma neighbouring the tumor are
      typical for seminoma, whereas in teratoma solitary microcalcifications and
      polymorphic types can also be seen. Microcalcifications are also present in not
      neoplastic testicular diseases but in a much smaller percentage and with a
      different type of calcification. The preoperative radiographic examination of
      testicular tumors of unknown origin seems to be indicated as a non-invasive
      method able to provide further information about the presence of a malignant germ
      cell tumor. Regarding the genetic risks of the method, there is hope to avoid
      other more invasive examinations with their danger of tumor spreading and to
      enable a radical resection of the primary tumor before its metastic formation by
      the mean of preoperative orchioradiography.

PMID- 155601
TI  - [Polysegmental andersson lesion in ankylosing spondylitis (roentgenological
      histological synopsis) (author's transl)].
AB  - Basing on roentgenological observation of the course of the disease, and on
      postmortem examination, of a patient with polysegmental Andersson lesions (known
      as spondylodiscitis) in ankylosing spondylitis, the article reports on the
      histological and often also clinico-roentgenological possibility of
      differentiating between an inflammatory and non-inflammatory type of this
      destructive lesion. The non-inflammatory type of Andersson lesion reflects a
      fracture due to fatigue, or its sequel, eg pseudarthrosis, in the stiffened axial
      skeleton. In this particular patient, renal osteopathy had favoured the genesis
      of the disease.

PMID- 155602
TI  - [Comments on the problem of non-specific sclerosing spondylodiscitides (author's
      transl)].
AB  - After reviewing types of sclerosis of the vertebral bodies and spondylodiscitides
      occurring near the vertebral discs, the causes of which are relatively well
      known, two observations of cases of chronic progressive sclerosing
      spondylodiscitis are described in detail together with their case history. The
      primary manifestation (in the lumbar vertebral column) is seen, apart from a
      discitis, in a relatively early and eventually homogeneous sclerosing of the
      spongiosa. The course of the disease is extremely protracted; after 1-5 years,
      other parts of the vertebral column are affected in a similar manner.
      Inflammatory parameters are definitely involved, and the nosological
      neighbourhood to angylosing spondylitis is discussed. In the absence of any other
      hints, it appears justified to assume non-specific chronic progressive sclerosing
      spondylodiscitis which begins monostotically and can proceed according to a
      polystotic pattern.

PMID- 155603
TI  - [The importance of scintimetry in the differential diagnosis of roentgenological
      areas of increased "translucence" in the skeleton of children (author's transl)].
AB  - A random selection of lesions representing osteolytic bone processes was
      evaluated with the "region-of-interest" technique in order to determine whether
      scintimetry can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of such processes in
      children. Bone tumours with structural densification, as well as osteomyelitides,
      were reviewed for comparative purposes. It was found that scintigraphy of the
      skeleton, while supplying additional and clinically quite interesting
      information, does not make any substantial contribution to the differential
      diagnostic clarification of roentgenological translucence in the skeleton of
      children.

PMID- 155604
TI  - [A comparison of the side effects of water-soluble contrast media for lumbar
      myelography (author's transl)].
AB  - A prospective comparison study of the water-soluble contrast media Amipaque and
      Dimer-X was performed on 200 lumbar myelograms. During this investigation, and
      amongst a total of 1702 myelograms with Dimer-X, there were only transient mild
      side effects; these were somewhat more common with Amipaque. There were no
      sequelae, particularly those of a neurological nature. After careful clinical
      examination, and by observing certain precautionary measures, it is possible to
      perform lumbar myelography with water-soluble contrast media on an out-patient
      basis.

PMID- 155605
TI  - [Conventional-radiographic and computer-assisted cisternography of the posterior
      fossa with metrizamide (author's transl)].
AB  - Conventional radiographic and computer-assisted (CT) cisternography of the
      posterior fossa using Metrizamide was carried out in 25 and 33 patients
      respectively. The contrast medium was injected by the lumbar or cervical route.
      During conventional cisternography, contrast medium distribution is most easily
      controlled by a lateral injection at the level of the first to second cervical
      vertebra. Because of its physical properties, Metrizamide results in good
      demonstration of detail. CT cisternography is usually able to demonstrate an
      extra-cerebral space-occupying lesion with a diameter greater than 1 cm. This
      procedure has fewer complications due to the contrast medium or the technique,
      since small amounts of Metrizamide achieve an adequate increase in the density of
      the CSF; it is therefore possible to inject this by a lumbar route and to carry
      out the entire examination with the patient supine. Both conventional and CT
      cisternography permit very accurate diagnosis in the region of the foramen
      magnum. Both procedures can be used on their own or as an addition to
      conventional Metrizamide myelography.

PMID- 155606
TI  - [Image characteristics of the computer tomograph (author's transl)].
AB  - In the present paper the images produced by spheres of varying diameter (d =
      4,6,8,10 mm) embedded in a homogeneous substance of varying densities (H' =
      3,48,93,137 Hounsfield units) as produced by computer tomography were studied.
      Measurements show that for each sphere diameter there is a minimum contrast
      between the substance of the sphere and its surroundings which must exist in
      order to show this sphere by computer tomography. It was also shown that the
      partial volume effect is of significance for the attenuation of the spheres. The
      effect of the position of the spheres within the slices to be imaged was studied.
      The results clearly indicate that in the investigation of small tissue changes in
      the body, the thickness of the slice and patient displacement should be kept as
      small as possible.

PMID- 155607
TI  - [Computer tomographic longitudinal sections of the trunk reconstructed from
      standard cross-sections (author's transl)].
AB  - Reduction in scan times and advances in the field of image reconstruction have
      made it possible to reconstruct the trunk from sequential coronal sections. For
      this purpose 8 mm cuts without overlap are suitable. There is consequently no
      increase in patient dose or in the scan time. Longitudinal sections can be
      reconstructed by a dedicated computer in about 10 minutes and cross sections can
      be evaluated in more detail. The longitudinal reconstructions provide better
      demonstration of organs and space-occupying lesions in their craniocaudal extent.
      This extension of the diagnostic spectrum is of value to the diagnostician and
      particularly to radiotherapists and surgeons during treatment planning.

PMID- 155608
TI  - [The content of hydroxyapatite in the body of lumbar vertebrae and in the neck of
      the femur. Quantitative investigations with the aid of radiodensitometry and bone
      ashing (author's transl)].

PMID- 155609
TI  - [Bone-density measurements using the computer tomograph. Comment on the paper by
      S. Lange, Th. Weiss, G. Gahl and G. Golde in Fortschr. Rontgenstr. 129, 1 (1978)
      66-69].

PMID- 155610
TI  - Is there a future for single photon emission tomography?
AB  - Emission tomography has the potential to be developed into a clinically useful
      technique. Its clinical applications, however, will be limited and not in the
      main stream of space occupying disease detection but in the definition of
      quantitative information particularly relevant in those disease processes where
      the metabolic component is the most important one. Special purpose designed
      instrumentation may prove to be the best of several possible compromises.

PMID- 155611
TI  - [Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus--a primarily radiologic
      diagnosis].

PMID- 155612
TI  - [The double pylorus].

PMID- 155613
TI  - [Splenic dystophia].

PMID- 155614
TI  - [Hepatobiliary sequential scintigraphy in traumatic choledochus injury].

PMID- 155615
TI  - [Unusual positive contrast medium staining of a synovial lipoma in a knee-joint
      arthrography].

PMID- 155616
TI  - [Computer tomography in acute pancreatitis (author's transl)].
AB  - The computer tomographic appearances of acute pancreatitis have been analysed 33
      patients. It is usually a simple matter to distinguish between the acute,
      oedematous pancreatitis, which can be treated conservatively, and the suppurative
      pancreatitis with haemorrhagic and necrotising features, which require surgical
      exploration.

PMID- 155617
TI  - [Computerized tomography of the liver. Accuracy of the method in biopsy proven
      diagnoses (author's transl)].
AB  - To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computerized tomography (CT) in detecting
      liver disease, CT-findings of 320 patients examined with a slow CT-scanner (2.5
      min scanning time/slice) could be compared to the results of bioptic procedures.
      Sensitivity was 81% for circumscript liver disease, specificity was 85%. In 69%
      of the cases, a type-specific diagnosis of circumscript liver diseases was
      possible, this percentage increased by 5% if patients with a true-positive
      differential diagnosis were included. 73% of the patients with liver metastases
      were correctly identified to have metastatic liver disease. Obstructive jaundice
      was correctly identified in 77% and correctly excluded in all patients with
      medical jaundice. For a large variety of hepatocellular disease, ratio of true
      positive diagnoses was 16% only. The value of CT in hepatocellular disease
      concerns exclusion of presumed space-occupying lesions. In a control group of 310
      patients with only "clinically" and not bioptically confirmed diagnoses,
      specificity was 96% and sensitivity concerning focal liver disease was 82%. Our
      results prove CT to be a valuable non-invasive tool in the evaluation of
      circumscript liver disease.

PMID- 155618
TI  - [Computer-cardio-tomography in idiopathic hypertrophic subvalvular aortic
      stenosis--a new contribution to non-invasive diagnosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The use of computer tomography as a non-invasive procedure in the diagnosis of
      idiopathic hypertrophic subvalvular aortic stenosis is described. Seven patients
      were investigated in whom the diagnosis had been confirmed by echocardiography
      and laevocardiography with pressure measurements. Details of the method are
      discussed and computer tomography and echocardiography are compared. The features
      of greatest differential diagnostic importance relating to asymmetrical septum
      hypertrophy are discussed.

PMID- 155619
TI  - [Computer tomographic demonstration of the popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The popliteal artery entrapment syndrome can be diagnosed by computer tomography
      with a greater degree of certainty than by angiography. The advantage of computer
      tomography depends on the simultaneous demonstration of the position of the
      vessel and of the surrounding muscles and their abnormal situation.

PMID- 155620
TI  - [Radiological and scintigraphic evaluation of hip prostheses (author's transl)].
AB  - The radiological findings following the introduction of hip prostheses are often
      equivocal. Additional bone scintigrams often provide important information for
      the evaluation of the prostheses. 1. An unstable hip prosthesis is characterised
      by abnormal uptake in bone, due to static and mechanical stress. 2. A positive
      scintigram does not necessarily indicate instability of the prosthesis. Increased
      uptake may also be due to inflammatory bone changes, healing, bone replacement,
      abnormal local stresses or soft tissue calcification. 3. In evaluating the
      scintigram one must take account not only of the intensity of isotope uptake, but
      also its distribution and exact localisation. 4. It is essential to compare the
      scintigram with the radiograph. Radiological features of possible instability
      become diagnostic if they correspond to appropriate increased radioactivity. If
      the latter is absent, the of instability remains doubtful. 5. In some cases early
      loosening of the stem of the prosthesis can be diagnosed while the radiograph is
      still negative. Increased radioactivity in the acetabulum is frequently seen in
      the presence of a stable acetabular prosthesis and must be interpreted with
      caution as a sign of loosening of the prosthesis.

PMID- 155621
TI  - [Baker cysts: an accompaniment of chronic diseases of the knee joint (author's
      transl)].
AB  - One hundred and twenty one Baker cysts demonstrated by arthrography have been
      analysed. Morphologically one must distinguish between distension cysts and
      dissection cysts. Distension cysts are more common with various diseases of the
      knee joint (68% of all cysts). Dissection cysts (32%) are found particularly with
      inflammatory-rheumatic diseases and are rarely of degenerative or post-traumatic
      origin. Acute rupture of the cyst was observed on ten occasions. Repeated
      rupture, which had only been suspected previously, was demonstrated by
      arthrography in four patients. It is pointed out that Baker cysts may imitate the
      features of acute thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 155622
TI  - [Gardner's syndrome. three patients with varying manifestations (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Fully developed Gardner's syndrome is characterised by the triad of intestinal
      polyposis, osteomas and multiple soft tissue tumours. Absence of any one of these
      manifestations results in a bisymptomatic form. We describe three patients, one
      woman and two men aged 40, 46 and 51 years. In two patients the triad was fully
      expressed, but with varying organ involvement. The third patient was of the
      bisymptomatic type with osseous and intestinal lesions.

PMID- 155623
TI  - [The clinical and radiological picture of degenerative disease of the extra- and
      intra-cranial vessels (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical and angiograms of 500 patients with degenerative disease of their
      cerebral vessels were evaluated. The clinical severity of the ischaemic changes
      was graded and compared with localisation and extent of the angiographic
      abnormality. In these patients there is an increased risk during angiography and
      a careful technique has to be employed. Two examples are used to show that it is
      possible to clarify even complex neurological and angiographic problems by means
      of an appropriate technique, 90% of our patients with a definite cerebral infarct
      gave a history of previous transitory ischaemic attacks. In our opinion patients
      with these attacks are of particular interest to the angiographer and the
      surgeon.

PMID- 155624
TI  - [Partial aplasia of the right internal carotid artery with an unusual collateral
      circulation below the hypophysis (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of partial aplasia of the right internal carotid artery with an unusual
      artery passing through the skull base below the hypophysis is described. An
      association between the presence of this vessel and recurring abnormalities of
      eye movements with alternating ptosis is assumed. The ontogeny and phylogeny of
      this collateral artery are discussed.

PMID- 155625
TI  - Areae gastricae and gastritis in double contrast barium meal.
AB  - The areae gastricae were studied in patients with different forms of gastritis
      and with normal gastric mucosa. The material consisted of 57 patients. First
      gastroscopy was done and biopsies were taken. The stomach was studied on the
      following day by the double contrast barium meal. The material was divided
      according to the gastroscopic and biopsy findings into the following groups:
      normal, superficial gastritis, mixed gastritis, and atrophic gastritis. In the
      analysis of the surface pattern, special attention was paid to the shape, size
      and defects of areae gastricae. Corpus and antrum were dealt with separately. In
      the normal material the areae gastricae were regular in shape, and the size was
      usually 1--3 mm. Irregular shape, bigger size and more frequent defect areas
      seemed to point to gastritis. Such changes were especially clear in atrophic
      gastritis. The significance of the areae gastricae in practice is discussed.

PMID- 155626
TI  - [Hypernephroma in a pelvic kidney. Diagnostic problems during angiography
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A hypernephroma in a pelvic kidney of a 54-year-old patient is described, which
      could not be demonstrated angiographically. This is explained by marked
      compression of the kidney because of the limited available space and the pressure
      of the surrounding organs. There was also histological proof of advanced intimal
      fibrosis in the artery and extensive obstruction of the vein by tumour, leading
      to diminished circulation of blood. The extreme rarity of hypernephromas in
      pelvic kidneys is stressed; this is barely mentioned in the literature.

PMID- 155627
TI  - [Sonography, computer tomography and angiography in the diagnosis of an
      haemangioma of the renal pelvis (author's transl)].
AB  - A renal pelvis haemangioma is described, which was diagnosed by means of
      sonography and angiography. The angiographic criteria are enumerated. The
      sonographic findings have not previously been described. Their value in the
      diagnosis, and in differential diagnosis, is discussed.

PMID- 155628
TI  - [Percutaneous nephropyelostomy in children (author's transl)].
AB  - Percutaneous nephropyelostomy with a fine needle technique was performed
      successfully in 20 out of 21 children with urinary tract obstruction. The
      procedure was of value in assessing the recovery of renal function and for
      measuring perfusion pressure. As a therapeutic measure the method was used to
      preoperatively in children who were severly ill, and post-operatively for the
      treatment of complications after surgery on the urinary tract. A complication
      seen in two children was repeated dislodgement of the catheter.

PMID- 155629
TI  - Nonsurgical removal of intravascular foreign bodies.
AB  - With increasing use of indwelling venous catheters, embolization of intravascular
      catheter fragments has become a well-known complication. Because of the high risk
      and serious complications, embolized fragments should be retrieved whenever
      possible. Four cases of successful nonsurgical percutaneous catheter retrieval
      (two adults and two children) are described using a wire loop and a hook-shaped
      catheter technique. The method described allow a safe and rapid retrieval and
      should always precede surgical exploration.

PMID- 155630
TI  - [Transfemoral aspiration of a thrombus from a renal artery with an angiographic
      catheter (author's transl)].
AB  - Thrombosis in a renal artery occurred in a 60-year-old woman after regional
      hypothermia of the kidney for which balloon occlusion of the artery had been
      used. Perfusion of the kidney was re-established by aspiration and flushing of
      the thrombus; this was confirmed angiographically and anatomically. Renal
      function did not recover, however, since removal of the thrombus by means of an
      angiographic catheter was carried out too late. We regard early aspiration of
      emboli from major abdominal vessels as a further application of arterial
      catheterisation by the Seldinger technique.

PMID- 155631
TI  - [Determination of the iodine content of the thyroid by means of fluorescence
      scans (author's transl)].
AB  - A procedure is described in which stable 127I in the thyroid is induced to
      fluorescence (28.5 keV) by 241Am (59.5 keV). The radiation is registered on a Si
      (Li) detector and can be used in order to obtain a scintigram or to determine the
      concentration of127I in the thyroid at any selected point. The apparatus is
      available commercially and has been adapted for use with a scanner. Measurements
      using collimation of 3.5 to 4 cm revealed a focus with a marked tomographic
      effect. The sensitivity of the apparatus was investigated by using solutions of
      varying iodine concentrations; calibration curves for determining iodine
      concentration in thyroid tissue were obtained. It is necessary to take account of
      the thickness of the thyroid gland and of the superficial tissues because of the
      marked attenuation of the radiation within the tissues. Radiation dose to the
      thyroid during the scintigram was about 0.1 mGy (10 mrd), i.e. about 5% of a
      conventional TC scintigram. There is no whole body irradiation.

PMID- 155632
TI  - [Reduction of radiation-induced late effects on vascular connective tissue of the
      skin (mouse paw) by o-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside].
AB  - The induction of irreversible late effects of the skin after irradiation of the
      mouse foot with and without i.p. HR-application has been investigated. The high
      protective effect of HR could be demonstrated which prevents grave late damage
      such as loss of toes. One single application of 300 mg/HR 0,5 h before
      irradiation has been optimally successful. Beside the excellent compatibility of
      even high doses, HR seems to have the advantage to be a selective radiation
      protection substance with a protective effect only for healthy cells (in this
      case presumably the vascular systems) and no effect on malignant cells. The
      possible mechanism of the stabilization of oxidative phosphorylation by
      flavonoids and a depression of glycolysis in malignant cells will be discussed.

PMID- 155633
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of a megacava simulating a retroperitoneal tumor].

PMID- 155634
TI  - Distended bowel-loop simulating abdominal abscess in an infant with colostomy: a
      case report.

PMID- 155635
TI  - [Ultrasonically directed fine-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of pericardial
      cysts].

PMID- 155636
TI  - [Pancreatic pseudocyst of the mediastinum].

PMID- 155637
TI  - [Mediastinal lipoma: a diagnostic problem?].

PMID- 155639
TI  - [Menarche in healthy and sick girls with special reference to mongolism].
AB  - The age of menarche in various groups of females was studied. In healthy girls,
      the average age of menarche was 12 years 2 months regardless of their
      birthweights. Twin girls had a significantly retarded menarche (approx. 12 years
      8 months). In a group of 102 blind patients, it was not significantly different
      from healthy controls. In a series of 42 girls with mongolism, the mean age of
      menarche was significantly retarded (13 years 3 months).

PMID- 155638
TI  - [Regression of diabetic glomerular changes following islet transplantation. A
      study of rats with streptozotocin diabetes].
AB  - The precise etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulosclerosis still remain
      obscure. The aim of the present study was 1. to evaluate the morphologic and
      functional alterations of mesangial cells in long term diabetic rats and 2. to
      study the effect of islet transplantation on these lesions. Diabetes was induced
      in inbred Lewis rats with streptozotocin (65 mg per kg). 7 month later glomeruli
      of diabetic rats showed hyaline nodular deposits, exsudative lesions and
      glomerular aneurysms. The thickening of the mesangium measured by point counting
      method was statistically significant compared with age matched controls. Large
      quantities of IgG, beta 1c and fibrinogen in a predominantly mesangial pattern
      could be demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. After injection of aggregated
      immunoglobulin the uptake of IgG by the mesangial cells was delayed in the
      diabetics compared with normal controls. Islet transplantation resulted in a
      marked reduction of the light microscopic and immunohistological glomerular
      lesions and restored the phagocytic capacity of the mesangial cells almost
      completely. From these results it is concluded, that the fundamental defect in
      diabetic glomerulosclerosis is a metabolically induced functional defect of the
      mesangial cells.

PMID- 155640
TI  - Further studies on the relationship of adrenal and gonadal steroids in pubertal
      development in female rats.
AB  - Surgical adrenalectomy or the administration of aminoglutethimide, corticosterone
      (B), and androstenedione (delta 4) to the immature female rat had no effect on
      the timing of vaginal membrane opening. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and estrone
      (E1) significantly hastened vaginal patency. Aminoglutethimide increased
      pituitary LH content while FSH content was decreased. An anti-17 beta-E2 antibody
      increased pituitary LH content and plasma concentration suggesting enhanced
      synthesis and release of LH. Pituitary FSH content was unaltered while plasma FSH
      decreased. Aminoglutethimide increased adrenal and ovarian but not pituitary
      weight while the antibody had no effect. Since little DHA is present in rat
      plasma and adrenal and since only estrogens have any effect on the onset of
      puberty, it is likely that the adrenal is not directly involved in pubertal
      development in the female rat.

PMID- 155643
TI  - Pericentric inversions of chromosome number 9: benign or harmful?
AB  - Pericentric inversions of chromosome number 9 have been  studied in 4 different
      probands: a normal female with designation 46,XX,inv(9)(p12q13); a male with Down
      syndrome designated as 47,XY,+21,inv(9))p13q13); a premature infant with
      multiple, congenital malformations who was 46,XX,inv(9)(p12q21), and a Down
      syndrome proband with 47,XYqs,+21,inv(9)(p13q21). All 4 cases were shown to be
      inherited based on family studies. These families are discussed with reference to
      the literature as to what possible effect this structural change could have on
      the reproductive capability of a normal carrier and what  guidelines are
      available for counseling such a carrier.

PMID- 155642
TI  - Origin of trisomies in human spontaneous abortions.
AB  - Chromosome heteromorphisms of 34 trisomic abortuses and their parents were
      compared to determine the origin of the extra chromosome. Fourteen of the
      trisomies were maternal in origin, ten resulting from a first-meiotic-division
      error and four from either first- or second-meiotic-division errors. No
      paternally derived trisomy was identified.

PMID- 155641
TI  - Kartagener's syndrome and the syndrome of immotile cilia.
AB  - Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is a hereditary disease with typical symptoms of situs
      inversus, bronchiectasis, and chronic infections of the nasal mucosa. Autosomal
      recessive inheritance cannot be doubted on account of repeated observations of
      affected sibs and parental cansanguinity. The bronchopulmonary symptoms in sibs,
      however, cannot be explained by this mode of inheritance. Recent clinical
      findings and electron microscope investigations suggest that KS is a special form
      of manifestation within the immotile cilia syndrome. This disease combines the
      typical bronchial and nasal symptoms of KS with sterility in the male due to
      immotile sperm tails and, as a facultative symptom, situs inversus. Thus, sibs
      with bronchiectasis but without situs inversus are also classified under this
      syndrome. The symptoms mentioned are caused by an abnormal morphology of
      bronchial cilia and sperm tails, which can be demonstrated by electron
      microscopy. The dynein arms normally attached to the nine microtubular doublets
      and providing a normal ciliary movement are lacking. It is assumed that during
      early embryonic life ciliary beats in the growing embryo determine the type of
      laterality. When ciliary movements are absent laterality may develop
      fortuitously, thus effecting a situs inversus in about half the affected cases.
      The numerical evaluation of pedigrees from the literature supports this
      assumption.

PMID- 155644
TI  - A new N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase disease with late onset of progressive
      neurological symptoms.
AB  - Clinical data are presented on a 30-year-old male with normal early development
      (4-5 years) but subsequent progressive impairment of psychomotor functions. He
      has marked kyphoscoliosis and talipes calcaneo-valgus. The organs appear normal
      and the patient can walk unaided and feed himself although he does not recognize
      his parents. He has normal fundi oculi. Biochemical data show an absence of
      mucopolysacchariduria and very low but detectable levels of N-acetyl-beta-D
      hexosaminidase in serum and leucocytes. The clinical symptoms are much milder
      than would normally be expected from such a profound enzyme deficiency (Sandhoff
      disease).

PMID- 155645
TI  - The role of monocytes in phagocytosis and mixed leukocyte reactivity in human
      acute myeloid leukemia.
AB  - Lymphocyte proliferation, as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H
      TdR), was significantly enhanced (p less than 0.01) when macrophages sensitized
      by target myeloblasts were added to monocyte-depleted lymphocyte fractions in the
      mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) with human leukemic myeloblasts as stimulators and
      panels of normal lymphocytes as responders. Monocyte addition in the same
      concentration range to unfractionated lymphocytes resulted in highly significant
      facilitation (p less than 0.0001) of MLR response patterns to myeloblastic
      stimulation. However, with substitution of a different myeloblastic stimulator,
      this facilitation was not observed. At higher monocyte-lymphocyte ratios (1:15)
      the monocytes appeared to be capable of strongly inhibiting the MLR. Monocyte
      capacity to engulf and kill Candida albicans organisms was normal in acute
      myeloid leukemia (AML) patients given "immunotherapy" with BCG and leukemic
      cells.

PMID- 155646
TI  - Stimulating capacity of blast cells from patients with chronic myelocytic
      leukaemia, in blastic crisis in 'one-way' mixed lymphoycte reaction: lack of
      evidence for T lymphoblastic conversion.
AB  - It has long been suggested that the blastic transformation in some patients with
      Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) may be lymphoid in nature. It has
      recently been postulated that some patients with CML may undergo a T
      lymphoblastic crisis because the leukaemic blasts from these patients have high
      terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity and that some patients may
      undergo a non-T/non-B lymphoblastic crisis since leukaemic blasts from a majority
      of morphologically lymphoid type CML-BC cases react with antiserum specific for
      non-T/non-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The present study shows that
      leukaemic blasts from each of six patients with Ph1-positive chronic myelocytic
      leukaemia-blastic crisis (CML-BC) exerted a strong stimulation on allogeneic
      lymphocytes in 'one-way' mixed lymphocyte reaction. There was no apparent
      difference in stimulating capacity between morphologically myeloid type (four
      cases) and lymphoid type (two cases). The stimulating capacity of leukaemic
      blasts from patients with CML-BC was quite similar to that of blasts from all
      patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) and from some patients with non
      T/non-B type ALL. Leukaemic blasts from a patient with T-cell type ALL and
      cultured leukaemic T lymphoblastoid cells (2 lines) consistently failed to
      stimulate while cultured leukaemic null-cells (4 lines) consistently exerted a
      strong stimulation in 'one-way' mixed lymphocyte reaction. These observations
      suggest that leukaemic cells from patients with CML-BC, morphologically
      lymphoblastic type, are not T lymphoblasts although the possibility that these
      cells are non-T/non-B lymphoblasts cannot be ruled out entirely.

PMID- 155647
TI  - Use of stimulating capacity of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR-S) as a possible
      marker for the cell-origin of null-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - The recent introduction of surface marker analysis indicates that the T-cell ALL
      represents 15--25%, the B-cell ALL represents less than 5% and the null-cell ALL
      represents more than 70% of cases. The origin of leukaemic null-cells is at
      present not clear. The present study shows that fresh leukaemic cells from five
      patients with null-cell ALL exerted a strong stimulating effect while the
      leukaemic cells from three patients with null-cell ALL failed to stimulate in
      'one-way' MLR. Cultured leukaemic cells from three null-cell lines (NALM-16, NALL
      1 and MOLT-10) consistently exerted a strong stimulation while leukaemic cells
      from one null-cell line (REH) exerted little or no stimulation on allogeneic
      lymphocytes. Leukaemic null-cells from the NALM-,6 line exhibited a lesser but
      significant stimulation in 'one-way' MLR. These observations lead us to speculate
      that leukaemic null-cells which possess a stimulating capacity may represent less
      differentiated leukaemic B lymphoid cells (early B-cell precursors) and leukaemic
      null-cells which possess no stimulating capacity may represent less
      differentiated leukaemic T lymphoid cells (early T-cell precursor).

PMID- 155648
TI  - Rhodamine as a fluorescent probe of lymphocyte activation.
AB  - Fresh rat and mouse lymphoid cells have been labelled by stable linkage with
      tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TMRITC). A change in intensity, either an
      increase or decrease of the fluorescent emission of the cells, detected by
      microfluorimetry, was induced by mitogen stimulation or the mixed lymphocyte
      reaction. The change in fluorescence was observed within 3 h of mitogen
      stimulation and within 0.5 h in the mixed lymphocyte test. These early cellular
      responses were detectable consistently whether the labelling was done before or
      after mitogen stimulation; post-labelling only was studied in the mixed
      lymphocyte reaction. The method should provide a time-saving practical procedure
      for early detection of the lymphoid cell responses and would readily lend itself
      to flow cytofluorimetry for possible routine diagnostic use.

PMID- 155649
TI  - Enhanced release of lipase from stimulated mouse spleen cells.
AB  - We detected lipase activity in an homogenate of mouse spleen- and lymph node
      cells by using [3H]-triolein as a lipase substrate. Lipase activity was also
      detected in an homogenate of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, in
      mouse spleen cell culture medium we observed increased lipase activity following
      stimulation of mouse spleen cells with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) as well as
      allogeneic spleen cells. Therefore, we suggest that lipase may be a kind of
      lymphokine.

PMID- 155650
TI  - Functional depletion of T- and B-memory cells and other lymphoid cell
      subpopulations-during trypanosomiasis.
AB  - T. brucei infection in mice causes generalized immunosuppression with multiple
      changes in the cells of the lymphoid tissue. Loss of B cell responsiveness to
      antigens and mitogens, and the induction of suppressive T-cells and macrophages,
      have been previously reported (Hudson, Byner, Freeman & Terry, 1976; Corsini,
      Clayton, Askonas & Ogilvie, 1977; Jayawardena & Waksman, 1977). In this study,
      purified B- or T-cell populations from infected mice have been tested
      functionally in vitro or in vivo by transfer into syngeneic irradiated hosts to
      separate the cells from trypanosomes or their products. B-memory cells for thymus
      dependent (DNP-KLH) and thymus independent (DNP-Ficoll) antigens are depleted or
      lose their potential to respond to the antigen during T. brucei infection.
      Similarly, purified T-helper cells, and T-cells reactive to allogeneic target
      cells in mixed lymphocyte reactions are functionally defective. By 16 days of
      infection all these responses are less than 10% of the normal level. The loss of
      B-cell function follows the peak parasitaemia and is accompanied by increases in
      the serum levels of both IgM and IgG. Enhanced Ig production and decline in B
      cell potential also occur in T-deprived mice and in CBA/N mice which lack a
      subset of T-independent B-cells. Cells affecting delayed hypersensitivity
      reactions retain their activity throughout trypanosome infection and so far
      provide the only exception to the general decline in immune potential.

PMID- 155651
TI  - Human-mouse mixed lymphocyte cultures. II. Partial separation of functionally
      distinct populations on discontinuous albumin gradients.
AB  - Human-mouse mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) develop stable, strain-specific
      responses directed towards antigens determined by the mouse major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC). By restimulation in vitro a two- to four-fold
      increase in total cell numbers can be achieved. Sensitized cells can be
      fractionated on discontinuous BSA gradients to produce fractions with
      predominantly proliferative or cytotoxic activity towards the intiating antigens.
      Mixing experiments show that fractionation of biological activity is the result
      of fractination of specifically sensitized effector cells rather than
      fractionation of inhibitory or collaborative elements. Since biological
      activities or can be separated on the basis of physical properties into distinct
      cell populations these experiments support the idea that these functions are the
      properties of distinct subclasses of human T lymphocyte. Xenogeneic MLC coupled
      to physical separation measures is a useful approach to the study of antigen
      specific human T lymphocytes.

PMID- 155652
TI  - The blastogenic response of rabbit lymphocytes stimulated with autologous cells.
AB  - Rabbit WBC and spleen cells respond with marked blastogenesis and mitosis when
      cultured with mitomycin-C treated autologous sacculus rotundus, appendix and
      Peyer's patches cells in the one-way rabbit mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR). A
      lesser response is observed using stimulating cells of the other lymphoid organs.
      The blastogenic response in the one-way 'autologous MLR' cannot be attributed to
      mitogenic factors released from the mitomycin-C treated stimulator cells since it
      is also observed in the 'two-way autologous MLR', using untreated stimulator
      cells. Several explanations are proposed to account for the 'autologous MLR'.

PMID- 155653
TI  - Virus plaque assay: effective detection of virus plaque forming cells at the
      early stage of lymphocyte activation by mitogen and alloantigen.
AB  - Activated lymphocytes were detected quantitatively by virus plaque assay (VPA)
      during the course of lymphocyte cultures stimulated by mitogen or alloantigen. In
      Con A-stimulated cultures, the number of virus-plaque forming cells (V--PFC) was
      a more sensitive method of detecting the early stage of lymphocyte activation
      than [3H]-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation. This evidence was obtained by two
      methods of collecting cells of each stage. First, when Con A-activated
      lymphocytes were fractionated by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity to
      separate cell populations according to each cell stage, the ratio of the number
      of V-PFC to the radioactivity of incorporated [3H]-TdR was larger in the earlier
      stage of cell cycle than in the later stage. Second, when cultured lymphocytes
      were synchronized directly by addition of excess thymidine and colchicine,
      similar results were obtained. In primary mixed lymphocyte cultures, the
      generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) was correlated better with the
      proliferative response than with V-PFC production. It was also found that both
      the incorporation of [3H]-TdR and the generation of CTL were abrogated by
      cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) added to cultures up to one day before assay, whilst
      the generation of V-PFC was not so markedly affected by Ara-C. These findings
      suggest that V-PFC represent the number of precursor cells which require one or
      more generations to differentiate to CTL and not simply the number of effector
      lymphoyctes already exhibiting cytotoxicity.

PMID- 155654
TI  - Allograft cytotoxicity: differences between lytic and non-lytic interactions as
      revealed by ultrastructural histochemistry.
AB  - Alloimmune and normal mouse (C57Bl/10) spleen cells and tumour cells (P815Y) were
      cultured together in flat-bottomed microtitre plates. Cytolytic activity was
      assessed by the 51Cr release assay in combination with histological analyses.
      Cells were fixed and embedded in situ and substrates to reveal ATPase or,
      alternatively, endogenous peroxidase activities, were applied. Both lymphocytes
      and monocytes formed junctions with the target cells and estimates of their
      relative frequencies were produced. Junctions between lymphocytes and tumour
      cells were completely ablated by treatment with anti-brain-associated theta and
      complement. Junctions involving immune lymphocytes were typically associated with
      locally increased ATPase activity in the target cell membrane. Neither monocytes
      nor normal lymphocytes increased local ATPase activity or 51Cr release to any
      significant extent.

PMID- 155655
TI  - Sex-steroidogenesis in adrenal of caponized domestic pigeon Columba livia.

PMID- 155656
TI  - Lowering of aortic cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic rats: effect of vitamin A,
      Ascorbic acid, protein fraction from blackgram, bovine aortic & intestinal
      mucosal MPS & zinc salts.

PMID- 155657
TI  - Health status of rural population of Singur as revealed in repeat general health
      survey 1975.

PMID- 155658
TI  - Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus lipase by furazolidone.

PMID- 155659
TI  - Inhibition of mixed-lymphocyte reaction by quinine and lack of effect on plaque
      forming cells and lymphoid-derived tumor cells.
AB  - Using Balb/c cells as responder cells and mitomycin-treated C57B1 cells as
      stimulator cells, it was found that quinine was inhibitory in a one-way mixed
      lymphocyte reaction. Incorporation of [3H]-TdR was brought down to base levels in
      the presence of quinine. Quinine was not toxic for antibody-forming cells, and
      had no effect on plaque-forming cells formed by antibody-committed cells. The
      degree of [3H]-TdR incorporation of MOPC-315 tumor cells and Burkitt's lymphoma
      cells was not affected by the presence of quinine in the medium. The cytotoxicity
      of quinine for mitogen-stimulated cells was demonstrated in soft-agar cultures.

PMID- 155660
TI  - [Psychohygienic knowledge of child development and its application in the early
      care of handicapped children].

PMID- 155661
TI  - Measuring attitudes toward the physically disabled: testing the 'Attitude Towards
      Disabled Persons' scale (A.T.D.P. Form O) on social work and non-social work
      students.
AB  - The aim of the study was to test the U.S.A. Validated 'Attitude Towards Disabled
      Persons' Inventory (A.T.D.P. Form O) on a British student population to establish
      norms. The objectives were to test specific hypotheses related to the sex of the
      respondent, contact with physically disabled people and whether social work
      students had different attitude scores than non social work students. In
      addition, a comparison was made between the British and U.S.A. 'norms'. The
      student population of four specific British Universities comprised the sampling
      frame. The sample was a non probability accidental sample of social work and non
      social work students. Standardised A.T.D.P. Form Os were administered in group
      situations. Each form was accompanied by a letter explaining the study, together
      with a short questionnaire eliciting the sex of respondent and type and extent of
      any contact with disabled people. The findings demonstrated that there are
      probably differences between U.S.A. and British norms but that there are general
      similarities between the two countries. In both countries females, scored higher
      than males, which by interpretation indicates possibly a more favourable
      attitude. Contact with the disabled is also a contributing factor in higher
      scores. Social work students also tended to score more highly than non social
      work students. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to
      the possible development of professional attitudes for those who work with the
      disabled. It is postulated that 'idealisation' may be reflected in attitudes of
      students who intend to work with the disabled which, after general and
      professional life experience gives way to less favourable attitudes. Closeness of
      contact of respondents to disabled people is a factor which needs further
      exploration in connection with changing attitude scores.

PMID- 155662
TI  - [The multiplicity of persons intervening in medico-social practice. Results of a
      partial study of motor handicapped children].

PMID- 155663
TI  - I.J.O. personalities [Dr. Laren Wesley Teutsch].

PMID- 155664
TI  - Radiofrequency facet rhizotomy in the treatment of chronic neck and low back
      pain.
AB  - The value of radiofrequency facet rhizotomy in the treatment of patients with
      chronic neck and low back pain problems is assessed on the basis of experience
      with 117 consecutive patients. Only patients with positive responses to facet
      blocking with local anesthetic were selected. Overall results in 50 neck
      procedures were: excellent, 16%; good, 34%; fair, 18%; poor, 28%; and lost to
      follow-up, 4%. In the 71 lumbar rhizotomies results were: excellent, 15%; good,
      20%; fair, 27%; poor, 31%; and lost to follow-up, 7%. Average follow-up time was
      13.7 months. We conclude that radiofrequency rhizotomy is a valuable tool in the
      treatment of chronic neck and low back pain.

PMID- 155665
TI  - [Paraneoplastic acrokeratosis].
AB  - Paraneoplastic acrokeratosis is a distinctive dermatosis observed only in
      patients with either carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tract or
      with metastatic lymphnodes in the cervical or mediastinal region. The
      characteristics of this dermatosis are: acral beginning, erythematous, squamous
      and hyperkeratotic plaques with centripedal spreading and healing only after
      successful treatment of the carcinoma. An allergic or toxic skin reaction to a
      substance formed by the tumor cells is discussed as causative agent. The author
      gives a review of the symptoms, the course of the disease, of histological and
      biochemical data and of the differential diagnosis as reported in the literature.

PMID- 155666
TI  - [Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei infection contracted from a hedgehog].
AB  - Occasionally the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is infected by Trichophyton
      mentagrophytes (Robin) Blanchard var. erinacei. This zoophilic dermatophyte may
      cause a difficult human phlegmatic trichophytia infection. The thread-fungus
      grows on the usual culture-medium with a clear-white surface without radius
      folding. The lower surface of the culture shows a typical brillant-yellow colour.
      Microscopically the fungus presents abundant microconidia formation and a few
      distinct macroconidia. Cross-breeding with the tester strain Arthroderma simii
      "+" was negative, with "-" showed an increased growth and a formation of
      cleistothecium-primordia in the combination zone.

PMID- 155667
TI  - Microphotometric analysis of NADH-tetrazolium reductase and alpha
      glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in human quadriceps muscle.

PMID- 155668
TI  - The structure of the Harderian and lacrimal gland ducts of the turkey, fowl and
      duck. A light microscope study.
AB  - The secretory ducts of the Harderian and lacrimal glands of the turkey, fowl and
      duck are similar in both structure and function. The single duct of each gland is
      lined by mucus-secreting epithelium. The epithelial cells vary from cuboidal to
      columnar, and goblet cells of three types are found. Type A, the most numerous,
      contain neutral mucopolysaccharides, type B have mixed acid and sulphated
      mucosubstances and type C, the least numerous, contain acid mucins. In both ducts
      glycogen is present in the lumen, but it occurs intracellularly only in the fowl
      up to seven days after hatching. Lymphocytes, either as diffuse tissue or as
      germinal centres, are found scattered along the length of the ducts. Some plasma
      cells and plasmablasts are also present.

PMID- 155669
TI  - Interaction of aminoglycosides and other antibiotics with actin.
AB  - Skeletal muscle actin was found by centrifugation, turbidity, and viscosity
      measurements to form polymers upon addition of aminoglycosides, viomycin,
      polymyxin B, and tetracycline. A linear relationship was observed between the
      amount of actin polymerization and the number of primary amino groups on the
      aminoglycoside antibiotics except kanamycin. Of the antibiotics studied, neomycin
      was most efficient in actin polymerization. Polymerization of actin was not
      significantly induced by kasugamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin,
      benzylpenicillin, angustmycin A, formycin, actinomycin D, and mitomycin C.
      Aminoglycosides and viomycin were demonstrated to inhibit the acto-HMM Mg(2+)
      ATPase reaction but did not significantly affect HMM Mg(2+)-ATPase activity. It
      was found by equilibrium dialysis that [(3)H]dihydrostreptomycin bound to actin.

PMID- 155670
TI  - Effect of primycin on the inner membrane permeability of rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - The effects of primycin on mitochondrial respiration, volume changes, ATPase
      activity and the acidification following ATP hydrolysis were studied. Primycin in
      concentrations below 2--3 nmoles/mg mitochondrial protein reacts only with
      energized mitochondria rendering their inner membrane permeable to K+, Na+, Tris+
      but not to TEA+. Above this concentration primycin interacts both with energized
      and deenergized mitochondria and the inner membrane also becomes permeable for
      H+, Cl- but not for ATP. In this case mitochondria very probably lose Mg2+. It is
      concluded that primycin up to concentrations of 2--3 nmoles/mg mitochondrial
      protein acts like an ionophore, while at higher concentrations it changes the
      permeability properties of the mitochondrial inner membrane without a drastic
      alteration of the membrane itself.

PMID- 155671
TI  - Update on ampicillin resistant Hemophilus influenzae in Arkansas.

PMID- 155672
TI  - Venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism comments on diagnosis and
      therapy.

PMID- 155673
TI  - Medical grand rounds.

PMID- 155674
TI  - The dislocated hip joint.

PMID- 155676
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 155675
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month.

PMID- 155678
TI  - Adult scoliosis.

PMID- 155677
TI  - Large bowel cancer.

PMID- 155679
TI  - Radiology in Arkansas. The university years.

PMID- 155681
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month.

PMID- 155680
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of muscles, tendons and insertions of same.

PMID- 155682
TI  - "MAST: saving lives in Arkansas".

PMID- 155683
TI  - Factor viii and hemorrhagic disease.

PMID- 155684
TI  - Severe impairments of social interaction and associated abnormalities in
      children: epidemiology and classification.
AB  - The prevalence, in children aged under 15, of severe impairments of social
      interaction, language abnormalities, and repetitive stereotyped behaviors was
      investigated in an area of London. A "socially impaired" group (more than half of
      whom were severely retarded) and a comparison group of "sociable severely
      mentally retarded" children were identified. Mutism or echolalia, and repetitive
      stereotyped behaviors were found in almost all the socially impaired children,
      but to a less marked extent in a minority of the sociable severely retarded.
      Certain organic conditions were found more often in the socially impaired group.
      A subgroup with a history of Kanner's early childhood autism could be identified
      reliably but shared many abnormalities with other socially impaired children. The
      relationships between mental retardation, typical autism, and other conditions
      involving social impairment were discussed, and a system of classification based
      on quality of social interaction was considered.

PMID- 155685
TI  - A case of infantile autism associated with Down's syndrome.
AB  - There is increasing recognition that autism is a syndrome, not a disease entity.
      But it is not yet clear why some children develop autistic behavior more easily
      than others. It has been noted that autistic symptoms occur more frequently in
      children with mental retardation, blindness, congenital rubella, phenylketonuria,
      etc., and that there are very few cases of classical infantile autism in the
      general population. Very rarely has autism been associated with Down's syndrome.
      This is a report of a case of Down's syndrome and infantile autism.

PMID- 155686
TI  - Characterization of the carbohydrate component of fraction I in the Neurospora
      crassa cell wall.
AB  - The carbohydrate portion of fraction I of the Neurospora crassa cell wall has
      been analyzed for sugar composition by gas-liquid chromatography and colorimetric
      methods. The analysis was performed comparatively in a wild-type strain (RL 3-8A)
      and three morphological mutants: scumbo (FGSC 49), peak-2a (a mutant known to be
      allelic to biscuit), and ragged (FGSC 296). Fraction I of all strains studied
      contains glucose, mannose, and galactose as the main sugars. Uronic acids and
      amino sugars are also present in small amounts. The glycosidic linkages binding
      the neutral sugars were analyzed by Lindberg's combined gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry techniques for identification of the partially methylated alditol
      acitate sugar derivatives. The main polymeric portion of fraction I seems to be a
      linear glucan with the glucose residues linked by 1 leads to 3 and 1 leads to 4
      bonds. A mannan portion with a branched configuration is also present, with
      galactose as the sugar residue which serves as branches in the molecule(s). The
      branched mannan portion appears to increase in amount in correlation with more
      drastic morphological changes of the mycelia. In this respect, the mutant ragged
      has the lowest mycelial growth rate and the largest amount of mannan. The
      importance of the polysaccharide structure of fraction I on the colonial
      morphology of the mycelia is discussed.

PMID- 155687
TI  - Nitrogen metabolite repression of nitrate reductase in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The effect of different nitrogen compounds on the induction of reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-nitrate reductase was examined in
      Neurospora crassa. Whereas in the wild-type strain several amino acids and
      ammonia inhibit the formation of nitrate reductase, only glutamine, cysteine, and
      histidine are shown to inhibit the synthesis of nitrate reductase in a glutamine
      requiring auxotroph. None of the amino acids inhibited nitrate reductase activity
      in vitro. The effects of cysteine and histidine are nonspecific, these amino
      acids being inhibitory of the growth of the organism. The effect of glutamine on
      the induction of nitrate reductase is not due to an inhibition of the uptake of
      the inducer nitrate. By the use of histidine-, pyrimidine-, and arginine
      requiring auxotrophs, it was shown that glutamine appears to act per se and does
      not seem to be converted to another product in order to be effective in
      repression. The repression of nitrate reductase by ammonia appears, from the
      results described herein, to be indirect; ammonia has to be converted first to
      glutamine in order to be effective in repression.

PMID- 155689
TI  - Transmission of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid in Neurospora crassa sexual
      crosses.
AB  - Neurospora crassa mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid shows strict uniparental
      inheritance in sexual crosses, with a notable absence of mixtures and recombinant
      types that appear frequently in heteroplasmons.

PMID- 155688
TI  - Arrangement of the genes coding for ribosomal ribonucleic acids in Neurospora
      crassa.
AB  - We have cloned and characterized Neurospora crassa ribosomal deoxyribonucleic
      acid (rDNA). The rDNA is found as a tandemly repeated 6.0-megadalton sequence. We
      have mapped a portion of the rDNA repeat unit with respect to its sites for 13
      restriction endonucleases and defined those regions coding for the 5. 8S, 17S,
      and 26S ribosomal ribonucleic acids (rRNA's). We have also isolated several
      clones containing 5S rRNA sequences. The 5S rRNA coding sequences are not found
      within the rDNA repeat unit. We found that the sequences surrounding the 5S rRNA
      coding regions are highly heterogeneous.

PMID- 155690
TI  - Spectinomycin dependence in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Spectinomycin dependence in Bacillus subtilis involves two mutations, one
      conferring drug resistance and the other producing a requirement for
      spectinomycin for growth.

PMID- 155691
TI  - Solubilization of adenosine triphosphatase from membranes of Escherichia coli:
      effect of p-aminobenzamidine.
AB  - The five subunits of the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase (F1) from
      Escherichia coli were identified on electrophoretograms of membranes which had
      been washed with a low-ionic-strength buffer containing the protease inhibitor p
      aminobenzamidine. All of the subunits of the membrane-bound F1 appeared to have
      the same molecular weights and isoelectric points as those of the soluble F1, as
      judged by two-dimensional electrophoresis. p-Aminobenzamidine inhibited the
      solubilization of F1 rebound to F1-depleted membranes, and was found to inhibit
      the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase activity to a much greater extent
      than the solubilized activity. It is therefore unlikely that p-aminobenzamidine
      inhibits the solubilization of F1 by inhibiting a protease, as suggested
      previously by Cox et al. (G.B. Cox, J.A. Downie, D.R.H. Fayle, F. Gibson, and J.
      Radik, J. Bacteriol. 133:287--292, 1978).

PMID- 155692
TI  - Inactivation of Neurospora crassa conidia by singlet molecular oxygen generated
      by a photosensitized reaction.
AB  - Photodynamic damage of Neurospora crassa conidia was studied in the presence of
      the photosensitizing dye, toluidine blue O. Conidia which germinated to form
      colonies decreased in number as irradiation time became longer. The
      photoinactivation of conidia was suppressed by azide, bovine serum albumin, and
      histidine, and was stimulated in deuterium oxide. Wild-type conidia were less
      sensitive to the irradiation than albino conidia. In the wild-type, carotenoid
      enriched conidia were more resistant against the lethal damage than the conidia
      which contained small amounts of carotenoids. These results suggest that singlet
      molecular oxygen causes photodynamic lethal damage to N. crassa conidia and that
      singlet molecular oxygen is quenched by endogenous carotenoids.

PMID- 155694
TI  - Structural investigation of reconstituted chloroplast ATPase with fluorescence
      measurements.

PMID- 155693
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of an icosapeptide analog of the actomyosin
      ATPase inhibitory region of troponin I.
AB  - A 20-residue peptide analog of the actomyosin ATPase inhibitory region of rabbit
      skeletal troponin I (Tn-I) has been synthesized by the solid phase method. The
      analog exhibited biological activity similar to both Tn-I and a 21-residue
      cyanogen bromide fragment of Tn-I. At ionic strengths where the inhibition of the
      actomyosin ATPase due to tropomyosin alone is low, the synthetic peptide in the
      presence of tropomyosin inhibits 90% of the original ATPase activity. In the
      absence of tropomyosin, the inhibition due to the peptide is much reduced. In
      contrast, salmine, a basic protein also known to inhibit the actomyosin ATPase,
      shows less inhibition in the presence of tropomyosin than it does in its absence.
      Gel electrophoresis data showed that the enhancement of the analog's inhibition
      by tropomyosin may be related to the analog's promotion of tropomyosin binding to
      F-actin similar to that reported for Tn-I and that the reduction of salmine
      inhibition by tropomyosin may be due to the binding of salmine by tropomyosin. At
      ionic strengths where binding and inhibition of tropomyosin is significant, the
      analog enhanced inhibition in a manner similar to that reported for whole Tn-I.

PMID- 155695
TI  - Biphasic kinetics of ATP hydrolysis by calcium-dependent ATPase of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. Evidence for a nucleoside triphosphate
      effector site.

PMID- 155696
TI  - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. The DNA sequence of a
      mitochondrial ATPase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The mitochondrial DNA of a cytoplasmic "petite" mutant (DS400/A3) of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been characterized by restriction endonuclease
      analysis and by DNA sequencing. The DNA has a repeat length of 1,800 base pairs
      and contains the oli 1 and pho 2 loci, two known markers of the ATPase
      proteolipid subunit. The nucleotide sequence has helped to establish the presence
      in the DS400/A3 DNA of the proteolipid gene flanked by two long stretches of DNA
      rich in A + T. The sequence of the structural gene is in excellent agreement with
      the previously reported primary structure of the proteolipid. The DNA sequence
      also indicates that the mitochondrial codons of yeast are highly nondegenerate.
      The proteolipid gene has been precisely localized on the restriction map of the
      wild type genome. In addition, it has been possible to orient the gene with
      respect to other genetic markers and to determine the direction of its
      transcription.

PMID- 155697
TI  - On the mechanism of Ca2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum. Occurrence of two types of phosphoenzyme intermediates in the presence
      of KCl.
AB  - The steady state kinetics of ATP hydrolysis by partially purified adenosine
      triphosphatase preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum was investigated at 0
      degrees C and pH 7.0 in 2.0 mM MgCl2, 20 microM [gamma-32P]ATP, 20 microM CaCl2,
      and various concentrations of KCl in the presence and absence of 12% dimethyl
      sulfoxide. The steady state phosphoenzyme formed under these conditions could be
      resolved kinetically into ADP-sensitive and ADP-insensitive forms. These steady
      state kinetic data were analyzed according to a scheme in which the ADP-sensitive
      and ADP-insensitive phosphoenzymes occur sequentially, and Pi is derived from the
      latter. The KCl-dependent turnover rate of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme that
      was estimated according to this scheme was in good agreement with the directly
      measured hydrolysis rate constant of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme. In
      addition, the time course of the decomposition of the total amount of
      phosphoenzyme, measured after a steady state level was reached in 20 mM KCl and
      further phosphorylation was prevented by addition of excess ethylene glycol
      bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, was also in agreement with
      that calculated according to this scheme using values of the rate constants
      estimated from the amounts of the ADP-sensitive and ADP-insensitive
      phosphoenzymes and the rate of ATP hydrolysis. These results, together with our
      previous findings, support the view that this scheme describes the mechanism of
      ATP hydrolysis in the presence of KCl.

PMID- 155698
TI  - Binding phenomena of isolated unique plasmic degradation products of human cross
      linked fibrin.
AB  - Proteolysis of human cross-linked fibrin by plasmin results in the formation of a
      DD . E complex, and Fragments DD and E as the major degradation products. Three
      species of Fragment E, which differ both in molecular weights (E1, Mr = 60,000;
      E2, Mr = 55,000; E3, Mr = 50,000) and in charge, have been isolated from a digest
      of cross-linked fibrin. Each Fragment E species reacts with monospecific anti-E
      antiserum. Fragments E1 and E2 bind with Fragment DD to form a DD . E complex but
      Fragment E3 is inactive. This binding is specific since these Fragments E do not
      bind to fibrinogen or to degradation products of fibrinogen or of noncross-linked
      fibrin. Fragments E1 and E2 incubated with plasmin are degraded to Fragment E3,
      suggesting that the three species represent sequential degradation products.
      Plasmin-treated Fragments E1 and E2 no longer bind with Fragment DD; therefore,
      it appears that the peptides cleaved from Fragment E2 by plasmin contain or
      modify the sites responsible for complex formation. On the other hand, Fragment
      DD binds not only to Fragments E1 and E2, but also to fibrinogen, Fragments X
      (Stage 1), X (Stage 2), Y, and NH2-terminal disulfide knot, but only after
      thrombin treatment, suggesting that Fragment DD binds to complementary sites on
      the NH2-terminal region of fibrinogen which are exposed after thrombin treatment.

PMID- 155699
TI  - A comparative study of poly(glycolic acid) and catgut as suture materials.
      Histomorphology and mechanical properties.
AB  - The "quality" of poly(glycolic acid) as an absorbable suture material was
      investigated in comparison with catgut. Tissue reactions to poly(glycolic acid)
      and plain catgut were examined histomorphologically at different time intervals
      after implantation in rats, and compared. Four mechanical properties were also
      examined as relevant quality factors: elastic stiffness, tensile strength,
      toughness, and percent elongation at rupture of the suture material per se
      (unknotted). The variation of these properties in poly(glycolic acid) implants
      was followed since their insertion in the tissues. Histological behavior and
      mechanical properties appear to be more closely correlated in the case of
      poly(glycolic acid) than in the case of catgut, as a consequence of a greater
      regularity of tissue reaction towards the synthetic material. Both tissue
      reaction and tensile properties variation are independent of size in the case of
      the braided poly(glycolic acid) sutures examined. Elastic stiffness and tensile
      strength decrease steadily in time; toughness and ultimate elongation display an
      increase up to a maximum within one day since implantation, and then decrease.

PMID- 155700
TI  - Standardization of parameters in follow-up study after mitral commissurotomy.
AB  - Two-hundred and fifty-five patients were followed up to maximum 19 years (1879
      patient-years) after mitral commissurotomy by means of either the finger
      fracture, transventricular dilator or open method. During this period of time,
      patients were asked to answer a questionnaire and to be examined at 2 to 3 years
      intervals. Twenty-two late deaths and 17 reoperations were encountered, and
      significant differences according to operative methods were observed in the
      survival and reoperation-free curves. Values from CTR, Rv1 + Sv5/Rv5 + Sv1 ratio,
      LAMP and DDR were standardized, and each standard value showed a tendency of
      significant improvement followed by gradual deterioration after commissurotomy
      even in patients with normal social activities. Parameters from patients
      reoperated on were compared with standard values, and statistically significant
      differences were noted. It would be concluded that standardization of parameters
      is of a great importance in follow-up study after mitral commissurotomy
      especially to establish indications to reoperation most adequately.

PMID- 155701
TI  - Real time observation of left atrial myxoma with high speed B mode
      echocardiography.
AB  - Four patients with left atrial myxoma were studied using high speed B mode
      echocardiography with a mechanical sector scanning system. In all four patients,
      a mass of echoes was recognized in the left atrial chamber during systole. Its
      lower portion protruded into the left ventricle through the mitral orifice in
      diastole. The degree of protrusion of the tumor echo varied. An analysis of three
      cross sections, long axis of left ventricle, sagittal and horizontal axes, showed
      that the tumor moved anterosuperiorly to posteroinferiorly in the left-sided
      heart chambers. Its movement was clearly observed in real time. The echo pattern
      from the tumor had an appearance of mottling, not layering. The myxomas were
      successfully removed from the left atrial chambers by surgical intervention in
      all cases.

PMID- 155702
TI  - Gray scale ultrasound in adnexal thickening: correlation with laparoscopy.
AB  - A retrospective comparison between ultrasound and subsequent laparoscopy was made
      in 70 female patients to evaluate the sonographic features of minimal pelvic
      disease (in particular, adnexal thickening). The overall accuracy of sonography
      as compared with laparoscopy was 75 percent (53 of 70), with a true positive rate
      of 72 percent (40 of 51) and a true negative rate of 68 percent (13 of 19). In
      this study the concept of clinical or sonographic adnexal thickening did not
      correlate with observations at laparoscopy. Of the 7 patients diagnosed by
      ultrasound as having adnexal thickening, only 1 had pelvic inflammatory disease,
      whereas the other 6 showed no abnormalities at laparoscopy.

PMID- 155703
TI  - It is our problem too.

PMID- 155704
TI  - Education in preventive pediatric dentistry.

PMID- 155705
TI  - Inclusion of a program of instruction in care of the disabled in a dental school
      curriculum.
AB  - Lack of practitioner training is considered a major reason for dental neglect of
      disabled persons. The feasibility of instruction in the care of the disabled for
      dental and dental hygiene students at the undergraduate level was demonstrated in
      a prototype program encompassing a continuum of didactic courses, clinical
      experiences in extramural and intramural settings, inservice training and
      continuing education, interdisciplinary activities, and evaluative research.
      Successful implementation of such a program required developing and using
      appropriate support systems, such as instructional materials, social services,
      public relations, and monitoring of care delivery. A format combining specific
      courses with inclusion of disability subject matter in existing courses appeared
      to be advantageous in intergrating the program into the dental curriculum.
      Evaluation data indicated the value of undergraduate training in improving access
      to dental care for the disabled patient.

PMID- 155706
TI  - Assessment of student attitude and confidence in a program of dental education in
      care of the disabled.
AB  - An analysis is presented of the effect of a four-year dental school program in
      care of the disabled on expressed student attitude and confidence towards
      treating the handicapped patient. The longitudinal study, involving 503 students
      in six dental classes, revealed a willingness by the majority of students
      (greater than or equal to 60 percent) to treat pateints with whom they feel
      capable. This attitude remained essentially unaffected by the program. In
      contrast, levels of students' perceived confidence in treating handicapped
      persons increased significantly as the result of specific instruction in
      disability management; heightened confidence levels were sustained for one
      academic year. Expressed ability to treat the disabled appeared to increase for
      successive classes. The result support the premise that dental graduates who have
      received instruction in disability care will fell more confident and hence will
      be more likely to treat patients with special needs.

PMID- 155707
TI  - The effect of supplemental lecture, evaluation method and instructional type on
      student performance in a preclinical technique project.
AB  - This study examined two types of instruction, two methods of evaluation, and the
      effects of a supplemental lecture in teaching a laboratory technique exercise.
      Students were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) self-instruction, self
      evaluation; (2) self-instruction, teacher-evaluation; (3) teacher-aided
      instruction, self evaluation; and (4) teacher-aided instruction, teacher
      evaluation. In addition, half of the students in each of the four groups received
      a supplemental lecture. Ratings of technical performance, a didactic posttest,
      and project completion time, were used as outcome measures. Of 27 main treatment
      effects tested, 25 demonstrated no significant differences. This study fails to
      demonstrate any major advantage of using self versus traditional forms of
      instruction and evaluation when student performance is the primary consideration.

PMID- 155708
TI  - Assessment of allergy to local anesthetics.
AB  - Regional analgesia is much too important to be denied to patients on the basis of
      questionable allergic histories. Often, adverse reactions can be traced directly
      to the pharmacologic properties of the agents involved. The dentist must
      adequately distinguish these reactions from those directly related to allergic
      phenomena. For the comprehensive management of patients with allergic histories,
      the significance as well as the limitations of intracutaneous skin testing must
      be appreciated. The practitioner should recognize the need, make proper
      referrals, and interpret the results of skin tests appropriately. Hopefully, this
      report has served to disperse the confusion surrounding local anesthetic
      hypersensitivity and will enable more dentists to proceed with confidence in the
      assessment and management of their allergic patients.

PMID- 155709
TI  - Primary inoculation tuberculosis.
AB  - A case of primary inoculation tuberculosis of the finger is described, in which
      Mantoux test conversion reverted after prompt surgical and medical treatment. The
      pathology of primary inoculation tuberculosis is reviewed briefly, and the
      rationale for excision of the early tuberculous lesion is discussed.

PMID- 155711
TI  - Effects of cyclophosphamide on the mithramycin-DNA fluorescence of human lymphoma
      cells: a possible result of guanine alkylation.

PMID- 155712
TI  - In vitro induction of cell-mediated immunity to murine leukemia cells. VII.
      Methods for augmenting the induction and expression of cytotoxic response in
      vitro to syngeneic tumors.

PMID- 155713
TI  - False positive 51Cr release tests during post-transplant immunological monitoring
      due to recipient serum radioactive contamination.
AB  - The occurrence of false positive 51Cr release test results in post-transplant
      immunological monitoring of human kidney graft recipients due to 131I carryover
      from renograms is described. False positivity was detected in 7 instances in 4
      recipients, and suspected in 12 instances in 7 recipients, in a series of 46
      consecutive transplant recipients. Technical methods and controls to detect and
      prevent such false positivity are described.

PMID- 155714
TI  - The value of plasmid studies in the epidemiology of infections due to drug
      resistant Salmonella wien.
AB  - Since 1969 strains of Salmonella wien that are resistant to multiple
      antibacterial drugs have caused widespread epidemics of enteritis in Europe and
      North Africa. Of 113 British strains examined between January 1970 and January
      1977, 67 were multi-resistant. These strains and 22 strains from six other
      countries were examined to determine their plasmid content. Two plasmids were
      found in the vast majority of strains: an FIme factor, conferring resistance to
      ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin,
      sulfonamides, and tetracyclines (ACKSSpSuT), and a nonautotransferring plasmid of
      resistance type ASSu. The FIme plasmids have dual incompatibility: they are
      incompatible with group FI factors and with the MP10 plasmid of Salmonella
      typhimurium, which belongs to a separate group. Other plasmids found in S. wien
      included principally a ColIa factor and an autotransferring plasmid that codes
      for ampicillin resistance and belongs to compatibility group I2. The similarity
      in plasmid content of strains isolated in widely separated areas suggests that
      they have a clonal origin.

PMID- 155715
TI  - [Myocardial protection: preservation of hypertrophied myocardium by selective
      coronary perfusion with cold blood and postoperative evaluation of protective
      effects by serial serum creatine phosphokinase MB isoenzyme activity (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 155716
TI  - Acute effects of streptozotocin diabetes on rat renal function.
AB  - Renal clearance studies were performed on rats both during the administration of
      streptozotocin and sequentially during the following 8 days as hyperglycemia
      progressed. Although GFR was depressed 30 min after the drug administration, GFR
      steadily rose during the following days to become 52% greater than control
      levels. Renal size did not change during this short period, and it is suggested
      that glomerular hemodynamic changes are responsible. A maximal tubular
      reabsorptive capacity for glucose (TmG) could not be satisfactorily demonstrated
      in normal rats, although glucose reabsorption was significantly depressed at high
      filtered loads. At comparable filtered loads, glucose reabsorption in diabetic
      rats was almost complete in contrast to normal rats, and the increases in GFR and
      renal tubular sodium reabsorption are presumed to be the major factors. The
      administration of insulin to normal and diabetic rats was followed by a
      significant diuresis as well as an increase of 1% to 4% in the fraction of
      filtered sodium excreted although GFR was unaltered. This shows that even a 35%
      to 60% reduction in the filtered load of glucose can significantly depress renal
      sodium reabsorption. It is concluded that this is a good animal model in which to
      study the effects of diabetes on renal function as well as the in vivo
      interrelationships of sodium and glucose reabsorption.

PMID- 155717
TI  - Chromosome aberrations among a selected group of pediatric patients.

PMID- 155718
TI  - p-Chlorophenylalanine and copulatory behaviour in male rats, castrated and
      treated with dihydrotestosterone neonatally [proceedings].

PMID- 155719
TI  - [Rene Grimaud (1902-1978)].

PMID- 155721
TI  - [Corrosive esophagitis. Endoscopic surveillance. Treatment. Future prospects].

PMID- 155720
TI  - [Hearing and sacrifice of the bony canal in the treatment of chronic evolutive
      otitis. Results in 174 cases].

PMID- 155722
TI  - [Some adverse but inevitable complications of surgery of chronic otitis].

PMID- 155723
TI  - [Indications of temporo-frontal and delto-pectoral flaps in cervico-facial
      cancerology. Apropos of 85 cases].

PMID- 155724
TI  - [Speech disorders due to anatomic abnormalities of the phonation organs].

PMID- 155725
TI  - [Serous otitis after neck dissection and irradiation].

PMID- 155726
TI  - [Aspergillosis in O.R.L].

PMID- 155727
TI  - [Reinforcing surgery of the tympanum].

PMID- 155728
TI  - Sulphur and phosphorus content in relation to fibre composition and atrophy of
      skeletal muscle in patients with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Seventeen patients with Parkinson's disease have been compared with 8 normal
      individuals by biopsy of either the biceps brachii or quadriceps femoris muscles.
      All biopsies were investigated by enzyme histochemistry. With 13 patients, as
      well as all controls, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis was
      employed on cryo-sections adjacent to those prepared for light microscopy. Thus,
      the elemental composition of single muscle fibres was obtained and could be
      related to histochemical fibre types. Fibre type analysis on the diseased
      material, based on differential stainability for alkali- and acid-stable ATPase,
      showed a normal type I and type IIA fibre frequency. A mild type IIB dominance at
      the expense of type IIA fibres was regarded as a significant deviation from
      normal. A slight to moderate muscle atrophy affected type IIB fibres almost
      exclusively. Normal content of sulphur and phosphorus was detected in type I and
      type IIA Fibres but a lowered sulphur content was obvious in type IIB fibres,
      especially in the atrophic ones, which also exhibited an increase in phosphorus
      content. The shift in fibre composition from IIA to IIB, the type IIB fibre
      atrophy and the change in sulphur and phosphorus content of type IIB fibres are
      interpreted as signs of a disuse which preferentially affects fast twitch type
      IIB motor units. These presumably have the highest threshold for activation under
      pathological conditions characterized by increased muscular tone and difficulties
      in the performance of rapid and strong voluntary movements.

PMID- 155729
TI  - An ultrastructural study of nerve terminal degeneration in muscle spindles of the
      tenuissimus muscle of the cat.
AB  - Muscle spindles in the tenuissimus muscle of the cat were studied between 12 and
      168 h after cutting or freezing the nerve to this muscle. Degenerative changes in
      sensory and motor nerve terminals on intrafusal muscle fibres were observed using
      the electron microscope. Comparisons were made with spindles from unoperated or
      sham-operated cats. The earliest degenerative changes were seen in sensory and
      motor terminals at 20-24 h after the lesion. No nerve endings were seen by 114 h
      after denervation. The most consistent initial signs of degeneration were: (1)
      the presence of abnormal mitochondria and dense bodies in sensory terminals, and
      (2) a decrease in the number and clumping of synaptic vesicles combined with an
      increase in glycogen and neurofilaments in motor endings. Intrafusal fibres
      participate in the removal of degenerating sensory endings. Schwann cells
      phagocytose degenerating motor terminals. The disappearance of nerve terminals
      precedes the complete degeneration of preterminal myelinated fibres within the
      muscle spindle.

PMID- 155730
TI  - Autoradiographic evidence of the coordination of the genesis of Sharpey's fibers
      with new bone formation in the periodontium of the mouse.

PMID- 155731
TI  - The in vitro differentiation of cat sulcular epithelium.

PMID- 155732
TI  - The nuclear fibrous lamina of alveolar bone cells.

PMID- 155733
TI  - Chemotaxis and vascular permeability produced by human periodontopathic bacteria.

PMID- 155734
TI  - Chemotactic activity in periodontal disease. II. The generation of complement
      derived chemotactic factors.

PMID- 155735
TI  - The oral leukocyte migration rate index as a method of assessing periodontal
      disease in an individual.

PMID- 155736
TI  - Pathological changes caused by the injection of lipids isolated from gram
      positive organisms into the gingiva of rats.

PMID- 155737
TI  - The effect of diphenylhydantoin sodium on acid mucopolysaccharide and collagen
      contents of cotton pellet granulomas in rats.

PMID- 155738
TI  - Metabolic activation and covalent binding of phenytoin in the rat gingiva.

PMID- 155739
TI  - A short term evaluation of periodontal surgery.

PMID- 155740
TI  - Cytoplasmic polarization of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Implications for
      cell migration and collagen secretion.

PMID- 155741
TI  - Stereochemical preferences for curarimimetic neuromuscular junction blockade IV:
      Monoquaternary ammonium probes possessing carbon and nitrogen asymmetry.
AB  - Two enantiomeric pairs of neuromuscular junction blocking agents were prepared in
      which an asymmetric carbon atom is adjacent to an asymmetric quaternized nitrogen
      moiety. The blocking agents were obtained from the enantiomers of laudanosine by
      stereoselective quaternization with benzyl and ethyl iodides. Curarimimetic
      potencies were measured with an in vivo cat hypoglossal nerve-tongue muscle
      preparation. The studies suggest that the asymmetry present in these structures
      does not lead to significant differences in blocking potency between enantiomers.

PMID- 155742
TI  - Transport of organic ions in renal cortical luminal and antiluminal membrane
      vesicles.
AB  - Based upon saturability, kinetic analysis and specific inhibition, specific
      transport for the organic anion, p-aminohippurate was found in isolated luminal
      and antiluminal membrane vesicles from dog kidney cortex. The transport for
      organic anions in the two membranes differed from one another on the basis of
      kinetic parameters ((Km, Vmax and Ki for probenecid) and counterflow phenomenon
      (only the antiluminal membrane displayed the capacity to accelerate the exchange
      of p-aminohippurate). Also described is specific transport for the organic cation
      N1 methylnicotinamide in each membrane. The luminal and antiluminal transport of
      N1-methylnicotinamide are distinguished from one another by kinetic parameters
      (Km, Vmax and Ki for Darstine) and counterflow data (counterflow of N1
      methylnicotinamide was observed only in the luminal membrane). The results are
      discussed in view of a proposed model to explain transepithelial transport of
      these organic ions.

PMID- 155743
TI  - Gynecologic microsurgery: a deja vu of laparoscopy.

PMID- 155744
TI  - Concentration-dependent role of macrophages in mixed lymphocyte reaction
      regulation: elaboration of nondialyzable heat-stable inhibitor and heat-labile
      enhancing factors.

PMID- 155745
TI  - Renal impairment in urate excretion in patients with Down's syndrome.
AB  - Uric acid and creatinine clearance studies were performed in nine subjects with
      Down's syndrome and in eight mentally retarded controls. The urate clearance was
      significantly decreased in subjects with Down's syndrome compared with controls.
      Their mean creatinine clearances were also significantly lower than the controls.
      No significant differences were shown in erythrocyte lactate dehydrogenase
      activity, in blood lactate and in blood beta-hydroxybutyrate levels between 20
      subjects with Down's syndrome and 16 controls. Glomerular dysfunction would seem
      to contribute to hyperuricemia in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 155746
TI  - Adult canine myocytes: isolation, morphology and biochemical characteristics.

PMID- 155747
TI  - [Interaction of antithymocyte globulin and immunopotentiating activity of
      schizophyllan (author's transl)].

PMID- 155748
TI  - [Society and patients with impairment of motor functions].

PMID- 155749
TI  - [Occupational dermatoses].

PMID- 155750
TI  - [Studies on the standardization of fibrinolysis tests. II. Clinical significance
      of determination of fibrinolytic factors and its interpretation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 155751
TI  - Evidence for multiple sites of regulation of heme synthesis in murine
      erythroleukemia cells.
AB  - Friend murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells can be induced to differentiate along
      the erythroid pathway by such dissimilar agents as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),
      butyrate, inhibitors of DNA synthesis, and certain highly polar agents. This
      study showed differential biochemical effects of the potent inducers DMSO and
      butyrate on the heme biosynthetic pathway in three clones of Friend MEL cells.
      When the cells were incubated with combinations of DMSO and butyrate, hemoglobin
      production was less than that amount produced when each inducer was incubated
      singly with the cells. Procaine, a local anesthetic that competes with Ca2+ and
      thus affects membrane permeability, slightly inhibited DMSO-mediated hemoglobin
      production but almost tripled the level stimulated by butyrate alone. Similarly,
      EDTA, which also can bind Ca2+ and which can modify the activity of heme
      biosynthetic enzymes, also inhibited hemoglobin production mediated by DMSO,
      whereas it stimulated hemoglobin production in cells exposed to butyrate. Total
      porphyrin accumulation was greater in DMSO-treated cells than in butyrate-treated
      cells, which suggests that butyrate induces the enzymes of the heme pathway more
      efficiently than does DMSO. DMSO and butyrate may affect the heme biosynthetic
      pathway by multiple mechanisms or, alternatively, they may affect the multistep
      pathway at various points, producing partial blocks or incomplete enzyme
      induction.

PMID- 155753
TI  - Inhibition of tritiated thymidine incorporation in cultured cells by rat kidney
      extract.
AB  - KCl extract from rat kidney, rat liver, and Morris hepatomas inhibited
      [3H]thymidine incorporation into cultured cells. Tissues came from male inbred
      BUF rats. The most pronounced inhibition was achieved with the kidney extract.
      Protein synthesis was not inhibited during a 24-hour exposure of the cells to the
      inhibitor. Incorporation of [3H]deoxycytidine was inhibited, as was cell growth,
      when the kidney KCl extract was present for several days. [3H]thymidine
      incorporation was inhibited almost immediately after the addition of the extract.
      The inhibition was reversible. Regular [3H]thymidine incorporation was restored
      24 hours after removal of the inhibitor, which was neither arginase nor a
      thymidine-degrading enzyme. The inhibitor was stable to heat (80 degrees C for 10
      min) and resistant to trypsin, pronase, DNase, and RNase. Exposure of the extract
      to proteolytic enzymes, hyaluronidase, and neuraminidase resulted in a loss of
      inhibitory activity only after extensive dialysis of the treated extract. The
      inhibitor appeared to be a mucoprotein in which the carbohydrate moiety may be
      responsible for the inhibition. The KCl extract also inhibited RNA synthesis and
      DNA synthesis by the de novo pathway. The inhibition of phosphorylation of
      thymidine, however, appeared to be the primary action of the inhibitor.

PMID- 155752
TI  - Technique for preclinical evaluation of continuous infusion chemotherapy with the
      use of WF rat acute myelogenous leukemia.
AB  - A technique was developed for continuous iv infusion chemotherapy in an inbred
      rat model of acute myelogenous leukemia. Polyethylene tubing was inserted
      surgically into the internal jugular vein of adult WF rats, burrowed sc to the
      base of the tail, and connected to an infusion pump. A flexible spring was
      sutured at the base of the tail and fastened to the cage wall; it protected the
      infusion catheter and allowed movement of the rat within the cage. This technique
      was used to compare bolus with continuous infusion therapy with adriamycin,
      cytosine arabinoside, and neocarzinostatin. Only small differences were noted in
      host toxicity and in antitumor effect against tumor grown as a subcutaneous
      myeloblastoma. Nearly three times more neocarzinostatin was required by
      continuous infusion for an effect equivalent to that of bolus injection. In
      contrast, continuous infusion of methotrexate with concurrent thymidine infusion
      prevented toxicity, enhanced the antitumor effect, and prolonged survival. This
      infusion system should facilitate rapid preclinical evaluation of drugs
      considered for constant iv infusion therapy.

PMID- 155754
TI  - [Ophthalmological opinions for liability affairs material damage (Part I)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - German law abides anyone reponsible for the damage he or she has caused to
      another person's property or corporal integrity. This includes all medical costs
      directed towards the restitution of health as well as economical damage in direct
      consequence of the corporal damage. An ophthalmological expert is to state his
      opinion therefore in accordance with the specific conditions of every individual
      case and not just according to general charts. Financial compensation is only
      granted for the actual results of damage inquestion. Prior damage and disability
      have to be remarked but not to justify a financial compensation. The question of
      smart-money is dealt with in Part II.

PMID- 155755
TI  - [Multiple micronecroses of hypertrophic myocardium and cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 155756
TI  - Bacteriological examination of a modern animal house containing small laboratory
      animals.
AB  - Floors and other areas totalling 1800 m2, comprising conventional and specified
      pathogen-free (SPF) units, were screened bacteriologically 6 times in a year. The
      contamination indices observed were lower within than outside the units, and
      lower in the SPF than in the conventional unit. Bacterial counts in rooms
      containing animals in the conventional and SPF units were very similar. In all of
      the areas investigated within the units, most of the samples revealed less than 2
      colony forming units per cm2. In contrast, high degrees of bacteriological
      contamination were detected in the changing rooms after showering or washing
      before entry. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the dominant bacterial species
      isolated. The bacteriological spectrum did not vary between the areas surveyed.

PMID- 155757
TI  - A review of allergic respiratory disease in laboratory animal workers.
AB  - There is increased recognition of hypersensitivity lung disease among workers
      with laboratory animals as an occupational disease. Symptoms of asthma in 44 of
      78 workers with laboratory animal dander allergy reflected the serious
      consequences of this occupational ailment. Affected employee profiles induced
      family history of atopy; immediate (Type I) allergic reaction; symptoms of
      rhinitis, asthma, and cough; hypersensitivity to one or more species, most often
      rats, mice, and rabbits. Diagnosis depends on history and physical, radiologic,
      and laboratory examinations, including skin tests with relevant antigens. Control
      and treatment depend on environmental change (reemployment or reduction of
      antigen contact); mechanical devices (masks and filters); chemotherapy
      (bronchodilators, steroids), prophylaxis and immunotherapy (hyposensitization).
      Standardization of medico-legal criteria covering occupational asthma is needed.

PMID- 155758
TI  - Chronic systemic Dacron and Teflon embolization of a Beall model 103 mitral valve
      prosthesis.
AB  - A case is presented of chronic systemic Dacron and Teflon embolism arising from a
      Beall Model 103 mitral valve prosthesis installed 11 years earlier. The emboli
      induced intense foreign body reaction resulting in numerous microgranulomas
      throughout the body. Multiple microinfarctions in the brain accounted for
      repeated episodes of transient ischemic attacks. Wearing of the prosthesis with
      consequent embolic complications seems to be the inevitable terminal fate of such
      early models of the Beall valve. Regular assessment of the functional status of
      such prostheses, particularly those in place for more than 5 years, is strongly
      recommended.

PMID- 155759
TI  - [Desmoid in a laparatomy scar].
AB  - A patient, aged 55, three years after having undergone abdominal histerectomy and
      adnexectomy for a myoma, developed a hard swelling near the surgical cut in the
      abdominal wall. A similar swelling appeared also in another patient, aged 33, as
      early as three months following salpingectomy for tubal pregnancy. In both cases
      these hard tumours radially permeating the facia and muscles were surgically
      removed and histologically verified as desmoids.

PMID- 155760
TI  - T-cell division and aging.
AB  - The age-dependent drop in mixed lymphocyte reactivity and responsiveness to
      concanavalin A of lymph node and spleen cells of C57Bl/6J female mice were
      studied. The relative decrease in mixed lymphocyte reactivity was shown to be the
      same whether mounted against H-2 or Mls incompatibile stimulator cells. The time
      of peak response in vitro as well as the sensitivity to stimulator cell
      concentration are not altered with age. Cell cycle studies demonstrate that those
      cells which respond in vitro to alloantigens or to concanavalin A do so with a
      cell cycle which does not change with the age of the lymphocyte donor. In
      addition, regardless of the age of the donor, those cells which divide in vitro
      demonstrate identical capacities to redivide. These experiments suggest that the
      decline in observed T-cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte and mitogen
      reactivity of senescent mice is not to a decreased cell generation time or to a
      reduced capacity to divide and redivide but rather to a smaller population of
      reactive cells.

PMID- 155761
TI  - An overview of immune aging.
AB  - A brief overview of the effect of age on the function of cells of the immune
      system is presented. Normal immune functions can begin to decline shortly after
      an individual reaches sexual maturity. Foremost among the cellular changes are
      those in the stem cells as reflected in their growth properties and the
      availability of precursor T cells, and in the T cell where a shift in
      subpopulations may be occurring. Present evidence indicates that thymic
      involution precedes and therefore may be responsible for the age dependent
      decline in the ability of the immune system to generate functional T cells. It
      now appears that the primary effect of thymic involution is on a T cell
      differentiation pathway affecting the more mature T cells first and only later
      the less mature T cells. Thus, the thymus may be the aging clock for the immune
      system. Future studies should be centered around processes regulating growth and
      atrophy of the thymus.

PMID- 155762
TI  - Autoimmunity, histocompatibility, and aging.
AB  - The immunologic theory of aging proposes that the normal process of aging in man
      and all animals is pathogenetically related to faulty immunological processes and
      may be analogous to a type of autoimmune phenomena ultimately involving all body
      tissues. It may be said that the sharply increased incidence in elderly humans of
      the autoimmune and immunodeficiency "diseases of age" are thought to be greatly
      potentiated by the age-related decline in immune surveillance mechanisms
      particularly involving self/non-self discriminatory abilities. The major
      histocompatibility complex has emerged as a complex of "supergenes" coding for
      antigens whose ultimate biological function may be to serve as recognition units
      allowing lymphocytes to recognize self from non-self on an immunological basis.
      Also, recent data are consistent with our supposition that differences in age
      specific peaks of various immune functional parameters in genetically homozygous
      mice may be influenced by genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex.
      These differences may account, at least in part, for the highly strain-dependent,
      age-specific incidence of certain diseases, including autoimmune and malignant
      diseases in the mouse. Heightened susceptibility to develop a particular disease
      in a susceptible animal occurs when a certain balance is reached between the
      interplay of immune functional parameters which mature, differentiate, or decline
      at different rates in the same animal. The age-specificity of this balance may be
      under partial control of H-2 or HLA-linked genes.

PMID- 155763
TI  - Human mutations affecting aging--a review.
AB  - A review of human genetic mutations that affect aging and their potential
      contribution to help understand normal aging processes is presented. The
      lifespans of most animal species, including man, have a genetically determined
      maximum. The lifespan of man appears to have evolved exceedingly rapidly, which
      suggests that relatively few genes may determine longevity. Analysis of
      biochemical evolution suggests that the regulation of enzyme levels may underlie
      most evolutionary changes. There is a wide spectrum of human genetic mutations.
      Some, such as progeria and Werner's syndrome, produce a phenotype resembling
      premature aging and may involve genes related to the aging process. Certain human
      chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down's syndrome, produce an appearance of
      premature aging and may be due to abnormal gene regulatory mechanisms. Progress
      in understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying aging is likely to come from
      elucidation of the molecular defects that result in the premature aging syndromes
      and from insights gained regarding the regulatory mechanisms governing eukaryotic
      genetic expression.

PMID- 155764
TI  - Verbal communication aid for nonvocal patients.

PMID- 155765
TI  - Flat crossed-coil detector for blood flow measurement using nuclear magnetic
      resonance.

PMID- 155766
TI  - Evaluation of a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer for respiratory-gas-flow
      measurements.

PMID- 155767
TI  - Behavioral and biochemical actions of p-chlorophenylethylamine (p-CPEA) in mice.

PMID- 155768
TI  - Growth hormone and prolactin secretion in Huntington's disease.

PMID- 155770
TI  - [Legislation for the severely handicapped. Legal and medical aspects].

PMID- 155769
TI  - [Drug allergy].

PMID- 155771
TI  - Isolation of Neurospora mitochondrial tRNA.

PMID- 155772
TI  - Reversible translocation of antibiotic resistance determinants in Salmonella
      ordonez.
AB  - Salmonella ordonez (BM 2000) codes for kanamycin (Km, aphA), ampicillin (Ap),
      streptomycin (SmSp:aadA and Sm:aphC), chloramphenicol (Cm), tetracycline (Tc) and
      sulfonamide (Su) resistances and for production of colicin Ib (Cib). Genetical
      analysis by incompatibility testing, conjugation, transformation and physical
      studies using electron microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis, led us to
      associate the Km and Cib characters to a 98.7 kilobase (kb) IncI1 plasmid
      (pIP565), and the Sm (aphC) and Su determinants to a 8.3 kb plasmid (pIP605). The
      ApCmSmSp(aadA)SuTc determinants were not associated in BM2000 S. ordonez with a
      plasmid structure. Following conjugation of S. ordonez to E. coli, the
      ApCmSmSpSuTc determinants were found stably associated with a single plasmid
      structure (pIP173, 127.5 kb) belonging to IncI1 group. Agarose gel
      electrophoresis of plasmid DNA restriction endonuclease digests and electron
      microscopy heteroduplex analysis showed that the acquisition of the ApCmSmSpSuTc
      determinants resulted from the insertion into pIP565 of a 28.8 kb DNA sequence.
      This sequence coding for ApCmSmSpSuTu resistances in S. ordonez could be
      translocated either to pIP565 plasmid or to several IncI1 plasmids but never to
      plasmids belonging to IncW, IncP or IncFII, suggesting the existence of specific
      sequences on the IncI1 receptor plasmids. Moreover, R-determinants were
      translocated back "en bloc" from pIP173 to the chromosome of a susceptible S.
      ordanez. The results were consistent with the presence in BM2000 S. ordonez
      chromosomal DNA of an integrated translocatable sequence encoding ApCmSmSpSuTc
      resistances. Such a structural association could account for the stability of
      these resistances in the Salmonella ordonez serotype.

PMID- 155773
TI  - Isolation and genetic analysis of nuclease halo (nuh) mutants of Neurospora
      crassa.
AB  - Nuclease halo (nuh) mutants of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa have been
      isolated which are characterized reduced release of deoxyribonuclease (DNase)
      activities from colonies grown on sorbose-containing agar media. To identify nuh
      mutants, mutagenized isolates were transferred to commercial DNase test agar, or
      grown on minimal medium and then overlayed with agar that contained heat
      denatured DNA. DNase activity was visualized by acid precipitation which produced
      clear rings of digestion (haloes) around the colonies. To identify the number of
      genes in which mutations lead to reduced release of nuclease activity, eleven nuh
      mutants were checked for close linkage and linked pairs were tested for
      complementation. These mutants were assigned to eight genes, and all except one
      were mapped in six small regions of the Neurospora linkage maps. In addition,
      among a large number of existing mutants which were tested for nuclease haloes,
      two mutants were found that showed the Nuh phenotype, namely uvs-3 and uvs-6. One
      of the isolated nuh mutants was also found to be sensitive to UV and was mapped
      close to uvs-3; it may represent a new allele of this gene. As a first step
      towards identification of genuine nuclease mutants, extensively backcrossed
      strains of mutants from different genes have been assayed for nuclease activity
      with denatured DNA in extracts. A pronounced reduction, compared to wild type at
      the same stage of growth, was found in uvs-3 and also in nuh-3, a mutant that is
      not UV-sensitive.

PMID- 155774
TI  - Bioenergetic aspects of aerobic glucose metabolism of Escherichia coli K-12 under
      varying specific growth rates and glucose concentrations.
AB  - An attempt was made to find a bioenergetical explanation for the differential
      effect of specific growth rate and glucose concentration on glucose metabolism of
      Escherichia coli K-12 with the help of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). The effect of DNP
      on biomass occurred only at high glucose concentrations. The presence of this
      uncoupler strongly stimulated glucose uptake rates and oxygen uptake rates, but
      repressed severly Yg values. Increase in glucose concentration, however, sharply
      decreased QO2. The amount of oxygen required for maintenance was not affected by
      DNP, but Yomax values were much lower in the presence of DNP. The results are
      discussed and it is suggested that aerobic fermentation is caused by a severe
      reduction of site 1 of the respiratory chain region, whereas biomass formation is
      affected by repression of the terminal cytochrome a2. In comparing the effect of
      glucose on biomass formation at similar Qglucose levels aerobic and anaerobic
      fermentation, repression occurred in both cases at glucose concentrations of 0.3%
      and above. Although the analyses of 15 enzymes established the metabolic
      differences, the repression of growth was common to both fermentation types.

PMID- 155776
TI  - [Tubal sterilization with the tupla-clip per laparoscopiam (author's transl)].
AB  - This study refers about a newly developed plastic clip which has been used with
      good results for the past three years in tubal sterilization. By applying this
      method, heat or thermal injuries are avoided and a greater possibility of
      refertilization is indicated. This clinical evaluation consists of experimental
      data of 243 women who underwent sterilization in the local OB/GYN clinics at
      Fulda and at Bremerhaven. 59 women were sterilized during puerperium, and 184
      were sterilized irrespective of pregnancy. As complications, 2 pregnancies were
      observed, further 3 hematomae within the broad ligament; 11 clips dropped into
      the free adbominal cavity while 5 clips broke during application. After the
      initial difficulties, the authors of this study recommend a sterilization with
      this tubal clip as an alternative to the usual methods of sterilization.

PMID- 155775
TI  - [Isolation of an autotrophic variant of Nocardia opaca].
AB  - A hydrogen-oxidizing autotrophic actinomycete, strain Z-766, was isolated from
      the neuston of a marsh near Moscow. The organism was identified as Nocardia opaca
      Z-766 according to its morphologo-physiological properties. The spectrum of
      organic compounds used by the strain, its cultural characteristics and growth are
      similar to those of the monotypical autotrophic microorganism N. opaca 1b
      described earlier. Repeated isolation of the autotrophic variant of N. opaca Z
      766 suggests that the ability of this species for autotrophic growth is not a
      unique phenomenon. It would be expedient to construct a taxon of the subspecial
      range, N. opaca var. autotrophica, for autotrophic variants of N. opaca.

PMID- 155777
TI  - Maternal speech to normal and Down's syndrome children matched for mean length of
      utterance.
AB  - The study was designed to provide data on the maternal linguistic environments of
      normal and Down's syndrome children at three levels of language development, as
      assessed by children's mean length of utterances (MLU). The three MLU levels were
      1.00--1.50, 1.75--2.25, and 2.50--3.00, respectively. The subjects were 21 Down's
      syndrome children and their natural mothers and 21 normal children and their
      natural mothers. Normal children ranged in chronological age from 20 to 32 months
      and Down's syndrome children from 3 to 12 years. A one-hour verbal interaction
      between mother and child was tape recorded at home in a free-play situation.
      Maternal speech was analyzed using 20 measures related to its output-numerical,
      lexical, syntactical, semantic-structural, semantic-pragmatic, and language
      teaching aspects. Additionally, eight measures of children's speech related to
      the output-numerical, lexical, syntactical semantic-structural aspects, and to
      imitativeness of maternal speech were computed as a means of testing the validity
      of the MLU-matching that forms a basis for this study. Except for the Type-token
      ratio, which favored Down's syndrome children, normal and Down's syndrome
      children were not found to differ. In contrast, there were numerous differences
      between the children in the different aspects of speech considered according to
      language level. None of the comparisons made of mother's speech to normal and to
      Down's syndrome children led to differences for any of the three children's
      language levels studied. It appeared that the maternal linguistic environments of
      language-learning Down's syndrome and normal children of corresponding MLU were
      similar in most respects. In contrast, there were numerous differences in
      mother's speech according to the language level of the children addressed. This
      confirmed that the expressive language level of the children is a far more
      powerful factor in influencing maternal speech than whether they are normal or
      Down's syndrome children. The implications of these findings were related to the
      delay-difference question in the language development of Down's syndrome children
      and to various interpretations of the effects of maternal linguistic input for
      language development and for intervention programs of language enhancement in the
      Down's syndrome child.

PMID- 155778
TI  - Motor innervation and fiber type pattern in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in
      Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
AB  - A quantitive study of the terminal innervation ratio (TIR) was conducted using 18
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 12 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT)
      muscle biopsies. Morphometric and histochemical analyses of muscle fibers were
      performed in 9 ALS and 6 CMT biopsies. The results revealed that TIR and type
      grouping were significantly greater in CMT than in ALS. The proportion of type 3
      fibers was higher in ALS, though the proportion of intermediate and type 0 fibers
      was significantly higher in CMT. The atrophy factor was significantly greater in
      type 3 than in types 1 and 2 fibers, but it was not significantly different in
      type 0 and intermediate fibers as compared to types 1 and 2, It appears,
      therefore, that CMT has a better capacity for collateral reinnervation than ALS.
      Type 0 and intermediate fibers may represent altered endproducts of successful
      collateral reinnervation.

PMID- 155779
TI  - Immunologic lung disease.

PMID- 155780
TI  - [Etiology and treatment of acne vulgaris].

PMID- 155781
TI  - Growth hormone hyperresponsiveness to dopaminergic stimulation in Huntington's
      chorea.
AB  - The effect of 3 dopamine (DA) mimetic drugs, i.e. bromocriptine (Bro),
      apomorphine (Apo) and L-3,4-Dihydroxpenylalanine (L-dopa), was evaluated on
      plasma growth hormone (GH) levels in 18 patients with Huntington's chorea (HC).
      27 Nonobese hospitalized patients were used as controls. Mean baseline GH levels
      were not altered in patients with HC. Oral administration of Bro (2.5 mg po) or L
      dopa (500 mg), or subcutaneous administration of Apo (1.0 mg) resulted in a
      significantly greater and more prompt (Bro, L-dopa) increase in plasma GH in
      patients than in controls. These results suggest that presence of an altered
      dopaminergic regulation of GH secretion in HC.

PMID- 155782
TI  - Effects of parachlorophenylalanine and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine on aggressive
      behaviour evoked by cholinomimetics and anticholinesterases injected into the
      cerebral ventricles of conscious cats.

PMID- 155784
TI  - Bromocriptine and dopaminergic function in Huntington disease.
AB  - The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) content of homovanillic acid (HVA) was assayed in
      10 patients with Huntington disease. On doses of less than 40 mg of bromocriptine
      daily, there was clinical improvement and the CSF HVA concentration increased. On
      higher doses of bromocriptine, chorea worsened and the CSF HVA concentration
      decreased. Bromocriptine at low dosage seems to act as a partial dopamine
      antagonist, with phenothiazine-like effects, and at higher doses it acts as a
      direct dopamine-receptor stimulating agent.

PMID- 155783
TI  - Immune complex vasculitis, polymyositis, and hyperglobulinemic purpura.
AB  - This is the first description of a patient with both polymyositis and Waldenstrom
      hyperglobulinemic purpura. There was evidence of circulating immune complexes,
      and immune deposits were found in dermal and muscular vessels. Similar electron
      dense deposits were seen ultrastructurally in the basement membrane of both
      normal and abnormal microvasculature. The findings suggest that the muscle and
      skin lesions may be associated with deposition of circulating immune complexes in
      and around blood vessels, followed by complement activation and subsequent
      inflammation.

PMID- 155785
TI  - [Immunomorphological studies of the central nervous system in chronic serum
      sickness in rabbits. Preliminary report].

PMID- 155786
TI  - Trisomy 21 Down's syndrome in three siblings.

PMID- 155787
TI  - Confidentiality and ACC.

PMID- 155788
TI  - The efficacy of oxfendazole against naturally acquired Dictyocaulus spp. in sheep
      and cattle.

PMID- 155789
TI  - Silicone band technique for laparoscopic tubal sterilization in the gravid and
      nongravid patient.
AB  - Laparoscopic tubal sterilization by the Falope ring technique was performed on
      196 patients. Sixty-four patients underwent laparoscopic tubal sterilization at
      the time of gestation termination. One hundred thirty-two patients underwent
      interval laparoscopic sterilization. The complication and failure rates in the
      group that had both laparoscopic tubal sterilization and gestation termination
      was lower than in the group that had laparoscopic tubal sterilization alone. The
      Falope ring sterilization technique is a safe method when combined with gestation
      termination, and spares the patient the inconvenience and increased hazard of 2
      separate procedures.

PMID- 155790
TI  - Reduced urinary and serum total estriol levels in pregnancies after colectomy.

PMID- 155791
TI  - Dermatitis: an occupational physician's dilemma.

PMID- 155792
TI  - Cost-effective hearing conservation for industry.

PMID- 155793
TI  - Reducing the risk of industrial bad backs.

PMID- 155794
TI  - [Do compulsory preventive-care (early-diagnosis) examinations of babies and
      infants actually reach their target groups? (author's transl)].

PMID- 155795
TI  - [School and noise (author's transl)].

PMID- 155796
TI  - [Results of hippotherapeutic measures - attempt at documentation of therapeutic
      successes (author's transl)].

PMID- 155797
TI  - [Comments on the hygienic rating of small warm-water basins (author's transl)].

PMID- 155798
TI  - [Mental strain placed on applicants asking for mental and spiritual help and
      guidance as seen from the viewpoint of persons offering advice by telephone and
      by means of the "open-door" method (author's transl)].

PMID- 155799
TI  - [Feeling of well-being and social situation of women engaged in a professional
      occupation (author's transl)].

PMID- 155800
TI  - [Mental stress factors in childhood and adolescence, school and family life
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 155802
TI  - [Blackfly (Simuliidae) fauna of the central Caucasus].

PMID- 155801
TI  - Benign adenoma of the ciliary epithelium with tumour seeding.
AB  - Report on a benign epithelioma of the ciliar body which caused cataract and
      dislocation of the lens in a 44-year-old woman. Tumour seeding was a remarkable
      finding, and is a result of disruption of the epithelial lining due to active
      production of mucopolysaccharides by tumour cells.

PMID- 155803
TI  - Juvenile laryngeal papillomas with cardiomegaly and polycythemia.

PMID- 155804
TI  - Thymic deficiency in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Children with Down's syndrome (DS) often have small and abnormal thymuses, with
      lymphocyte depletion, diminution of the cortex, and loss of corticomedullary
      demarcation--a picture resembling thymic involution. Besides this, they have
      markedly enlarged Hassall's corpuscles, some surrounded by a sheath of
      lymphocytes. Patients with DS are known to have increased numbers of respiratory
      infections; they also have a higher incidence of lymphatic leukemia than do
      individuals who do not have DS. Studies of cell-mediated (thymic-dependent)
      immunity demonstrate that children with DS have both diminished numbers of T
      cells as well as functional deficiency of these cells.

PMID- 155805
TI  - Fungus cultures in a pediatric outpatient clinic.
AB  - Comparison of culture results with clinical impressions showed that pediatric
      house officers made frequent errors in diagnosing superficial fungus infections.
      Results of cultures on dermatophyte test medium (DTM), read by nonmycologists in
      the clinic, were comparably accurate with those on standard media processed in a
      laboratory. DTM is a useful aid in diagnosing dermatophytoses and teaching
      clinical mycology to pediatric residents.

PMID- 155806
TI  - Society vs the wheelchair.

PMID- 155807
TI  - The heart in acute glomerulonephritis: an echocardiographic study.
AB  - Patients with acute glomerulonephritis often are seen with signs suggesting heart
      failure. Whether these signs are due to fluid overload secondary to kidney damage
      only, or whether there is associated myocardial damage has not been elucidated.
      Fourteen children with acute glomerulonephritis were studied by echocardiography
      during the edematous phase of the disease and five months later to evaluate
      cardiac function in this disease. Left ventricular size and function remained
      normal in all children throughout the study. The most consistent finding was
      enlargement of the left atrium during the edematous phase with a return toward
      normal values five months later. There was no correlation between blood pressure
      and the echocardiographic findings. This study suggests that signs of heart
      failure in acute glomerulonephritis are not due to myocardial damage but probably
      reflect fluid overload.

PMID- 155808
TI  - [Changes in the pattern of skin diseases at a dermatologic outpatient clinic over
      a 30-year period].

PMID- 155809
TI  - Fluctuations in superhelical DNA.
AB  - The effect of superhelicity on the base-pair opening probability and on the
      probability of occurrence of cruciform states in palindromic regions is
      theoretically treated. The calculations show that below the superhelix density
      value of -sigma=0.05 superhelicity does not appreciably affect the
      characteristics of DNA secondary structure fluctuations. In the range of
      physiological superhelix densities sigma (-sigma=0.05-0.09) the base-pair opening
      probability markedly increases. However, within this range of sigma the base
      pairs are opened only transiently and permanently open regions are not formed.
      Permanently opened regions appear at higher negative superhelix densities (-sigma
      greater than 0.10). At the values of -sigma higher than 0.06 a cruciform
      structure in the palindromic region centred in position 3965 proves to be the
      most probable fluctuational disturbance in the 0x174 duplex DNA. Different
      experimental approaches used for probing the fluctuations in superhelical DNA
      have been analysed. The results suggest that most direct quantitative information
      can be derived from data on the nicking of closed DNA by single strand-specific
      endonucleases. Such data (Wang, 1974) accord with the results of theoretical
      calculations. Calculations show that, due to base-pair opening, the total free
      energy of superhelical DNA should depend parabolically on sigma only up to some
      critical value of sigma=sigmac. If negative superhelicity exceeds this critical
      value, which under physiological conditions proves to be -sigma=0.085, the free
      energy should increase linearly with -sigma. The biological role of supercoiling
      is discussed in the light of obtained results.

PMID- 155810
TI  - [Comparison of laparoscopic and scintigraphic diagnoses in liver diseases].

PMID- 155811
TI  - [ATPase activity in brain tissue in acute experimental uremia].

PMID- 155812
TI  - [Current theories on the pathomechanism of acne juvenilis].

PMID- 155814
TI  - A new method for the preparation of beta-amylase from sweet potato.
AB  - A simple method for the preparation of sweet potato beta-amylase by thymol
      amylose adsorption is described. The method is far more efficient and gives
      higher recovery of the enzyme. The crystalline enzyme thus obtained is found to
      be homogeneous by gel chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 155813
TI  - A novel method for purification of prephenic acid.
AB  - Prephenic acid accumulated in culture filtrates of Neuro-spora crassa has been
      purified in 66% yield utilizing adsorption chromatography on Sephadex G-10 in the
      major purification steps.

PMID- 155815
TI  - [Work of the Medical Council of the Clinic of the Belorussian Tuberculosis
      Research Institute].

PMID- 155816
TI  - [Role of a tuberculosis control service in detecting nonspecific respiratory
      organ diseases].

PMID- 155817
TI  - Specialized transducing phage lambda carrying the genes for coupling factor of
      oxidative phosphorylation of Escherichia coli: increased synthesis of coupling
      factor on induction of prophage lambda asn.
AB  - Studies were made of the synthesis of the coupling factor complex (F1--F0) of
      oxidative phosphorylation after prophage induction of a set of Escherichia coli
      strains lysogenic for defective transducing phage lambda asn, lambda uncA, or
      lambda bglC. The transducing phages had been isolated from a strain of E. coli
      carrying prophage lambda cI857 S7 within the bglB gene located near the unc gene
      cluster [Miki, T., Hiraga, S., Nagata, T. & Yura, T. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad.
      Sci. USA 75, 5099--5103]. When lysogenic cells carrying lambda asn and lambda
      cI857 S7 were induced at high temperature, synthesis of the F1-ATPase portion of
      the complex increased to severalfold that of the noninduced cells. In contrast,
      no increase was observed upon thermoinduction of cells carrying lambda uncA or
      lambda bglC. The number of membrane sites that could bind purified F1-ATPase also
      increased significantly upon induction by lambda asn but not by lambda uncA or
      lambda bglC. In addition, F1-depleted membranes prepared from lambda asn-induced
      bacteria required more dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to seal the proton pathway than
      did those from noninduced bacteria. These results strongly suggest that lambda
      asn carries a set of bacterial genes coding for all the F1 polypeptides (the
      alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and probably the epsilon subunits) and at least some
      of the genes involved in formation of F0 polypeptides. Although lambda uncA
      carries the structural gene (uncA) for the alpha subunit of F1-ATPase, it
      apparently does not carry the whole set of F1--F0 genes.

PMID- 155818
TI  - In vitro synthesis of the Ca2+ transport ATPase by ribosomes bound to
      sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes.
AB  - The calcium transport ATPase (M(r) 100,000) from sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes
      was synthesized in a cell-free translation system containing rough microsomes or
      detergent-treated bound polysomes from 14- to 16-day old chicken embryo muscles.
      Immunoprecipitates obtained from total translation mixtures treated with anti
      ATPase antiserum contained 1.5% of the total radioactivity incorporated in vitro.
      A polypeptide with the electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric point, and
      [(35)S]methionine-labeled tryptic peptide pattern of the mature ATPase was a
      major component of these immunoprecipitates. By contrast, free polysomes from the
      same source, which were capable of high levels of in vitro protein synthesis, did
      not yield immunoprecipitable ATPase. ATPase synthesized in rough microsomes was
      not released by treatment with 10 mM EDTA in a high-salt medium (0.5 M KCl) which
      removes ribosomes and peripheral membrane proteins. Furthermore, labeled ATPase
      remained associated with the microsomes after these were treated with low
      concentrations of deoxycholate (0.1 mg/mg of protein in 0.3 ml) which release the
      luminal content of the vesicles. Only with higher deoxycholate concentrations
      (0.5 mg/mg of protein in 0.3 ml), which cause membrane dissolution, was the
      labeled ATPase found on the detergent extracts. These observations indicate that
      newly synthesized ATPase discharged from bound ribosomes is transferred directly
      to the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes where it is incorporated as an integral
      membrane protein.

PMID- 155819
TI  - Presence of heparan sulfate in the glomerular basement membrane.
AB  - The glomerular basement membrane was subjected to digestion with specific enzymes
      to determine the chemical nature (sialoglycoproteins, collagenous peptides, or
      glycosaminoglycans) of the anionic sites previously demonstrated in the laminae
      rarae. Enzyme digestion was carried out both in situ and in vitro. Kidneys were
      perfused in situ with enzyme solutions followed by perfusion with fixative
      containing the cationic dye, ruthenium red, to detect the anionic sites.
      Glomerular basement membranes were isolated by detergent treatment of glomeruli
      and incubated with enzyme solutions, followed by incubation with cationized
      ferritin (pI 7.3-7.5) to label the anionic sites. Only highly purified enzymes
      free of proteolytic activity were used. The findings were the same both in situ
      and in vitro. The anionic sites were unaffected by treatment with neuraminidase,
      chondroitinase ABC, and testicular or leech hyaluronidase. However, they could no
      longer be demonstrated after digestion with crude heparinase, purified
      heparitinase, or Pronase or after nitrous acid oxidation. The results demonstrate
      that the sites contain heparan sulfate since they are removed by treatment with
      heparitinase and by nitrous acid oxidation-procedures specific for heparan
      sulfate; and that sialoglycoproteins or other glycosaminoglycans do not represent
      major components of these sites since the latter are not affected by digestion
      with neuraminidase and other glycosaminoglycan-specific enzymes. Identical
      findings were obtained on basement membranes in other locations (Bowman's
      capsule, tubule epithelium, and endothelium of peritubular capillaries). The
      presence of heparan sulfate in the glomerular basement membrane is discussed in
      relation to the charge-selective properties of the glomerular filter and in
      relation to its potential involvement in various types of glomerular injury.

PMID- 155820
TI  - Possible involvement of serotonin in extinction.
AB  - In  Experiment 1, rats were trained to leverpress for continuous reinforcement
      with food; half were then intubated with the serotonin synthesis inhibitor
      parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA: 400 mg/kg) and half with water. In extinction the
      PCPA-treated rats responded at a higher rate. In Experiment 2, rats were trained
      on a random interval schedule and then assigned to two groups, treated as in
      Experiment 1, and tested in extinction. There was no significant difference in
      the resistance to extinction of the two groups. In Experiment 3, the responding
      of rats trained in a punished stepdown response paradigm and then given an
      intragastric injection of PCPA took longer to recover than the responding of
      water-injected controls. These observations suggest that serotonergic neurons
      might play a role in extinction processes.

PMID- 155821
TI  - Effect of etoperidone on the depletion of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine and
      catecholamines induced respectively by p-chloromethamphetamine and 6
      hydroxydopamine in rats.

PMID- 155822
TI  - Haemopoietic effects of 7 alpha, 17 beta dimethyltestosterone.

PMID- 155824
TI  - Nitrate reductase--a key enzyme in blue light-promoted conidiation and absorbance
      change of Neurospora.

PMID- 155823
TI  - [Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. 18. Inhibition of trypsin, plasmin
      and thrombin by derivatives of naphthamidine and ketone structure].

PMID- 155825
TI  - Reticulospinal neurones with axons in the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus of
      the lumbar segments.
AB  - The presence of reticulospinal axons in the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus
      (DLF) of the lumbar spinal cord segments was tested in chloralose-anaesthetized
      cats. In the medial part of the reticular formation, 59 units which gave
      antidromic responses to stimulation of the isolated DLF of segment L1--L3 were
      observed. The rate of their axonal conduction was 20--120 m/s. 62% of the units
      generated discharge activity in response to electrical stimulation of the skin of
      the trunk and/or the limbs. The activating intraspinal pathways were localized in
      the DLF and the ventral part of the cord. The most effective natural stimulus was
      tapping. Monosynaptic control from cerebellar pathways was confirmed in 37% of
      reticulospinal neurones with axones in the DLF. The results showed that
      reticulospinal axones form part of the dorsal reticulospinal system in the lumbar
      cord region.

PMID- 155826
TI  - Study of electrical activity in the area of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus
      and the lateral hypothalamus of rats fed on a high protein and high fat diet.
AB  - The authors studied bioelectric potentials in the area of the hypothalamic
      ventromedial nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus of rats fed on a standard, a
      high protein and a high fat diet. On the first 3--6 days after changing from the
      standard to the high fat and high protein diets, a decrease in the amplitude of
      electrical activity was recorded in both the areas in question. It was also found
      that the frequency of electrical activity in the hypothalamic ventromedial
      nucleus or the lateral hypothalamus rose, after 3 days administration of the high
      fat or the high protein diet, in correlation to the type of diet, and that, in
      the frequency spectrum, a change occurred in the proportion of basic frequency in
      relation to superimposed frequencies distorting it. It was further found that
      there was a permanent difference between the amplitude of electrical activity in
      the lateral hypothalamus and the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus.

PMID- 155827
TI  - Theta (RSA) activity in the brain of the turtle.
AB  - The existence of a synchronizing system generating theta (RSA) activity of an
      average frequency of 4 Hz has been demonstrated in the brain of the turtle
      Testudo Graeca. Three brain structures probably participate in the activity--the
      septum, amygdala and hippocampus. The septal region seems to play a leading role
      in this complex--lesions in this region abolished the generation of theta
      activity in 71% of experiments. This synchronizing system is functionally coupled
      with the olfactory generator of electrographic respiratory response (ERR), which
      is brought into activity by nasal air flow. This coupling can play a role in
      genesis of epileptic electrographic activities not only in the turtle, but also
      in phylogenetically higher species.

PMID- 155828
TI  - In vivo kinetics of blood cholinesterase inhibition by 9-amino-1, 2, 3, 4
      tetrahydroacridine, its 7-methoxy derivative and physostigmine in rats.
AB  - In vivo inhibition of blood acetylcholinesterase activity by 9-amino-1, 2, 3, 4
      tetrahydroacridine, its 7-methoxy derivative and physostigmine was studied in
      rats. Changes of enzyme activity in the blood were continually registered using
      an automatic colorimeter Auto Analyzer system. The dependence of % enzyme
      inhibition upon time in semilogarithmic transformation was characterized by a two
      phase curve. The first phase reflected the increase in the concentration of
      inhibitors in the blood during their resorption; this was followed by a slow
      second phase of inhibition. The inhibitory effect decreased in the order:
      physostigmine greater than tacrine greater than 7-methoxytacrine. The
      relationship between the anticholinesterase and antipsychotomimetic action of the
      examined substances is discussed.

PMID- 155829
TI  - Contractile and histochemical properties of denervated and reinnervated fast and
      slow skeletal muscles of new-born and adult guinea-pigs.

PMID- 155830
TI  - Effect of experimentally elicited astroglia proliferation on two compartments of
      glutamate metabolism in rat brain cortex slices.

PMID- 155831
TI  - Physical fitness of Czechoslovak population between the ages of 12 and 55 years.
      Pulse rate and blood pressure.
AB  - In loading test of a representative sample of the Czechoslovak population aged 12
      -55 years, the authors, examined the reaction of the pulse rate and blood
      pressure (in watts--W) to loading on a bicycle ergometer. On increasing the
      submaximal load, the pulse rate rose linearly with age--more gradually in the
      phase of growth and along an approximately the same trend from the age of 18. The
      course in adult women corresponded to the course in boys aged about 13. The
      maximum pulse rate fell linearly in correlation to age, by about 4--5 beats for
      every 10 years, from 195/min in 12-year-old boys and 198/min in girls. The
      working capacity at pulse rate 170 (W 170) attained the maximum at 25 years (men
      198, women 112 W). The systolic pressure rose non-linearly with loading. It
      increased more rapidly at lower loads. Children had the smallest pressure
      reaction and the oldest subjects the greatest. Diastolic pressure fell gradually
      and non-linearly with loading. The maximum blood pressure values, according to
      age, rose from 138/56 torr in the oldest males and from 139/57 to 182/84 torr in
      females.

PMID- 155832
TI  - Physical fitness of the Czechoslovak population between the ages of 12 and 55
      years. Pulmonary ventilation.
AB  - Examination of ventilation function in an average population showed that maximum
      minute ventilation in adults fell with advancing age. Males had higher values
      than females, the highest values being attained, in both sexes, at 18 (117 and 83
      1/min respectively). Tidal volume during loading, expressed as a percentage of
      vital capacity, rose with advancing age in all groups of males and females (from
      53% at 18 to 64% at 55 in males and from 51% to 59% in females). The ventilation
      equivalents for O2 and CO2 attained optimum values at a load of 100 W in males
      and at 50 W in females. On increasing the load they rose in both sexes--in
      females more than in males. Percentual utilization of O2 from the inspired air
      was greatest in males at a load of about 100 W (4.8--5%) and in females at about
      50 W (4.3--4.8%). At higher loads it fell faster in females than in males. In
      males, the respiratory quocient attained the value 1 at a load of about 2 W/kg
      body weight and in females at 1.5 W/kg. At maximum loading it was over 1 in all
      the age categories. No differences between males and females were observed, but
      males, in maximum loading, gave the greatest absolute and the greatest relative
      performance.

PMID- 155833
TI  - Physical fitness of the Czechoslovak population between the ages of 12 and 55
      years. Oxygen consumption and pulse oxygen.
AB  - The authors measured oxygen consumption in a Czechoslovak population aged from 12
      to 55 years. An abrupt increase was found between 12 and 18 years, when the
      maximum was reached (males 3.28, females 2.17 l/min), followed by a slower
      decrease to 55 years. Relative O2 consumption (per kg body weight) showed a
      continuous decrease from 12 years, when maximum values were recorded (49 ml/min .
      kg for boys, 46 ml/min . kg for girls), to 55 (33 ml/min . kg for males, 27
      ml/min . kg for females). In the adult population (18--55 years), no differences
      were observed in the values at the various levels of submaximal loading. The
      pulse oxygen attained the maximum at 18 (males 16.8, females 11 ml).

PMID- 155834
TI  - Cultivation of frozen mouse bone marrow cells in agar.
AB  - The authors attempted to cultivate frozen mouse bone marrow cells in a semisolid
      medium. They demonstrated that the stem haematopoietic cells of frozen mouse bone
      marrow were capable of proliferation and of colony formation on agar. The much
      smaller number of colonies from frozen mouse bone marrow (about 80% fewer)
      compared with fresh marrow is evidence that part of the stem haematopoietic cell
      population retains proliferative capacity even after freezing.

PMID- 155835
TI  - Configurational changes at the synapses in the projected epileptic cortical
      experimental focus in the rat. A morphometric electron microscopic analysis.

PMID- 155836
TI  - Correlation of the microgram and macrogram of the penicillin focus in the
      cerebral cortex of the turtle (Testudo graeca). Electrographic types of unit
      activity.

PMID- 155837
TI  - Experiences with the tensor fascia lata flap.
AB  - Our experience with 60 TFL flaps is reviewed. The anatomy and the arcs of
      rotation of this flap are described. Our clinical experience--particularly in
      reconstruction of the groin and abdominal wall, and in free flap transfers--has
      been detailed, including the use of a free osteomyocutaneous sensory TFL flap for
      reconstruction of the heel.

PMID- 155838
TI  - The effect of dopamine and noradrenaline blockade on amphetamine-induced
      behaviour in the marmoset.
AB  - Acute administration of 4 mg/kg d-amphetamine in the marmoset results in a large
      increase in small head movements (checking), an almost total suppression of
      purposeful activities and social interaction, but little change in the amount of
      locomotion. Checking behaviour is blocked in a dose dependent manner by 0.03-
      0.18 mg/kg haloperidol but not by propranolol, aceperone or diazepam, suggesting
      dopaminergic mediation of this behaviour. The loss of activities and social
      interaction after amphetamine is not antagonized by any of the drugs used in this
      study. Locomotion is decreased by haloperidol, propranolol and diazepam in
      amphetamine treated animals and by haloperidol and aceperone in normal animals.

PMID- 155839
TI  - Reintegrating psychiatry into pain-management programs.

PMID- 155840
TI  - [Problems of borderline areas of interference between stomatology and ORL].

PMID- 155841
TI  - [Electrono-optical analysis of dental enamel with incipient pathological
      changes].

PMID- 155842
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes of the capillaries in marginal chronic periodontitis in
      diabetics].

PMID- 155843
TI  - [Role of the smile in revelation of dental and periodontal diseases].

PMID- 155844
TI  - [The hinge axis].

PMID- 155845
TI  - [Clinico-technical considerations on terminal edentia. II. Therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 155846
TI  - [Psychological aspects of prosthetic repair in patients with total edentia].

PMID- 155847
TI  - [Lesions of the inferior facial nerve caused by surgical operations].

PMID- 155848
TI  - [Correction of deep occlusion in vertical dentomaxillary anomalies].

PMID- 155849
TI  - [Changes in physiognomy caused by prosthetic surgical treatment in a patient with
      deep collapsed occlusion].

PMID- 155851
TI  - [Making a more easily removable chromium-cobalt bridge].

PMID- 155850
TI  - [Reimplantation of a tooth used as an abutment for a bridge].

PMID- 155852
TI  - [Ocular manifestations of dental and periodontal diseases].

PMID- 155854
TI  - [The patello-femoral joint in osteoarthritis of the knee with gene varum
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have treated 63 knees with osteoarthritis associated with varus
      deformity by valgus osteotomies. The clinical and radiological state of the
      patello-femoral joints has been studied before and after correction of varus
      deformity. No correlation was found between the severity of tibio-femoral
      osteoarthritis and patello-femoral osteoarthritis. Medical patello-femoral
      discordance was found in 12 p. 100 of the cases. Clinical evidence of pain
      arising from the patello-femoral joint was more often found than evidence of
      radiological abnormality. It is concluded that pain arising from the medial
      compartment may be confused with patello-femoral pain. A five-year follow-up
      showed that the patello-femoral joint was not influenced radiologically by the
      valgus osteotomy but patellar pain was improved in most of the cases. Procedures
      to re-align the patella should not normally be associated with valgus osteotomy
      in cases in which patellar pain exists in association with osteoarthritis of the
      knee with varus deformity.

PMID- 155855
TI  - [Round table: essential bone cysts].

PMID- 155859
TI  - [Ununited fractures of the femoral neck treated by cervicocephalic impaction. A
      report of two cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of ununited fracture of the femoral neck, treated by a technique
      described by Brackett (1927) and modified by Merle d'Aubigne (1968) are reported.
      The femoral head was partly evacuated, care being taken to preserve its blood
      supply and then impacted onto the femoral neck. The results were found to be
      satisfactory.

PMID- 155860
TI  - [Auriculoventricular valvular opening depending on auricular contraction:
      echochardiographic sign of acute change in ventricular compliance].

PMID- 155861
TI  - [Mucopolysaccharidoses. Recent acquisitions].

PMID- 155862
TI  - [Penicillamine: its use in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 155863
TI  - Clothing and related needs of physically handicapped persons.

PMID- 155864
TI  - Placement: the employer's view.

PMID- 155865
TI  - Obstacles to vocational normalization for the developmentally disabled.

PMID- 155866
TI  - Widening their horizons: a model career development program for severely 
      physically disabled youth.

PMID- 155867
TI  - Characterization of the decreased ATPase activity of rat cardiac actomyosin in
      isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - Daily administration of d,l isoproterenol-HCl (5 mg/kg) in rats for periods of 14
      21 days results in marked cardiac hypertrophy and a decrease in cardiac
      actomyosin ATPase activity. Actomyosin suspensions (ionic strength 0.08) from
      right and left ventricles showed average decreases in ATPase activity of 37.1% (p
      less than 0.005) and 35.7% (p less than 0.05), respectively, for animals treated
      with isoproterenol for 14 days. Isolated myofibrils from combined ventricular
      muscle of another group of animals that received the same isoproterenol treatment
      showed an average decrease in ATPase of 36.4% (p less than 0.0025). The later
      experiments also demonstrated that the decrease in ATPase activity was not Ca++
      sensitive suggesting the lack of involvement of a change in the calcium
      regulatory factors (tropomyosin-troponin complex). In contrast to these findings,
      purified myosin from treated animals and actomyosin assayed under conditions
      which essentially reflect myosin ATPase activity uninfluenced by actin
      interaction (actomyosin in solution, ionic strength 0.6), did not demonstrate a
      change in ATPase from controls. It was concluded that the decrease in cardiac
      actomyosin ATPase in isoproterenol treated rats involved primarily a defect in
      actin or the interaction of actin with other components of the contractile
      protein complex.

PMID- 155868
TI  - [Dental management of handicapped children--seating and mouth opening].

PMID- 155869
TI  - [Osaka Dental Association Dental Clinic for the Physically Handicapped].

PMID- 155870
TI  - [Dental management of handicapped children].

PMID- 155871
TI  - [Dental management of handicapped children and legislation].

PMID- 155872
TI  - [Atypical findings in lumbar discography (author's transl)].
AB  - Lumbar discography is a good supplement to myelography in the evaluation of low
      back pain and sciatica. Knowledge of both typical and atypical findings helps to
      avoid false positive and negative diagnoses. On the other hand atypical findings
      may show up pathological processes, elsewhere only seen by pathological anatomy.
      In some cases a relation between these phenomena and clinical symptoms is found.

PMID- 155873
TI  - Cylindrical crossed-coil NMR limb blood flowmeter.

PMID- 155874
TI  - Intrahepatic pressures measured during laparoscopy.
AB  - Intrahepatic pressure measured during laparoscopy were all correlated to occluded
      hepatic vein pressures and thereby to the portal vein pressures. Assessment of
      the intrahepatic pressures increases the diagnostic yield of laparoscopy, and
      should be used whenever it is important to quantitate the pressure in the portal
      circulation.

PMID- 155875
TI  - Functional characterization in vitro of two human T-cell subpopulations with
      different affinities to sheep erythrocytes.
AB  - On the basis of their different abilities to form resettes with unsensitized
      sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), two subpopulations of human T lymphocytes were
      separated by the rosette sedimentation technique. In a series of in vitro
      experiments the T cells carrying high-avidity receptors for SRBC ('active' T
      cells) were shown to respond significantly better when stimulated with purified
      protein derivative (PPD) and allogeneic cells than the subpopulation carrying low
      avidity receptors ('non-active' T cells). On the other hand, the latter responded
      better to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen; it was
      likewise demonstrated that these cells were better stimulators in a mixed
      lymphocyte reaction. The role of monocytes in mitogen and PPD responses was
      investigated by adding such cells to Fe-treated suspensions. These were found to
      be crucial for an optimal response of both subpopulations. Furthermore, different
      patterns of activation were observed for the active and non-active cells.
      Especially interesting was the observation that the Con A response of the active
      fraction was more monocyte-dependent than that of the non-active one.

PMID- 155876
TI  - Cytotoxic effects of activated human monocytes and lymphocytes to anti-D-treated
      human erythrocytes in vitro.
AB  - Incubation of human monocytes, derived from peripheral blood, with cell-free
      supernatants from mixed lymphocyte cultures resulted in morphological and
      functional changes in the mature macrophages. Activation of monocyte-derived
      macrophages by these factors resulted in a significant increase in their capacity
      to lyse anti-D-treated human erythrocytes. The lytic activity of both normal and
      activated macrophages appeared to be independent of erythrophagocytosis. T
      lymphocytes activated by either allogeneic cells or the mitogen
      phytohaemagglutinin were not cytolytic to treated erythrocytes even at high
      effector to target cell ratios.

PMID- 155877
TI  - [Diminished peritoneal pain perception in patients with liver cirrhosis and
      ascites].
AB  - Complete loss of parietal peritoneal sensitivity observed in a patient with long
      standing ascites secondary to cirrhosis of the liver prompted an investigation of
      peritoneal sensitivity in 22 patients with the same condition. In all of them a
      decrease of the peritoneal sensitivity to needle perforation was found. All
      perceived peritoneal perforation as less painful than perforation of the
      abdominal skin by the same needle. In 8 control patients perforation of the
      peritoneum caused more discomfort than the perforation of the skin. In 7
      cirrhotic patients where a histologic examination of the parietal peritoneum was
      available a chronic fibrotic peritonitis was present. Peritoneal insensitivity
      may partly account for mild abdominal symptoms in cirrhotics developing bacterial
      peritonitis.

PMID- 155879
TI  - Viets and vets fear herbicide health effects.

PMID- 155878
TI  - Potential halogenated industrial carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals. III.
      Alkane halides, alkanols and ethers.
AB  - A variety of alkane halides, alkanols and ethers, analogous to the previously
      considered halogenated unsaturated (Part I) and saturated hydrocarbons (Part II)
      possess significant utility in a broad spectrum of applications including:
      solvents, fumigants, propellants and intermediates in the production of other
      chemicals, textiles, plastics and ion-exchange resins. Ethylene dichloride and
      dibromide, propylene dichloride; dibromochloropropane; 2-chloroethanol; 1-chloro
      2-propanol; 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol; bis(chloromethyl)-, chloromethyl methyl-,
      bis(2-chloroisopropyl)-, and bis(2-chloroethyl-ethers were reviewed principally
      in terms of their synthesis, areas of utility, stability, distribution,
      reactivity, levels of exposure, population at risk, metabolism, carcinogenicity
      and mutagenicity.

PMID- 155880
TI  - Treatment of acne vulgaris with topical vitamin A acid.

PMID- 155881
TI  - Prolongation of the Q-T interval in a victim of sudden infant death syndrome:
      cause or effect?
AB  - A 3-week-old infant died of sudden infant death syndrome (crib death, cot death).
      Although prolongation of the Q-T interval was found on an electrocardiogram taken
      at birth, this child appeared to have died of terminal respiratory failure as
      judged by a postmortem arterial oxygen tension of 4 mm Hg. The heart showed right
      ventricular hypertrophy, a finding consistent with chronic hypoxemia. The
      prolongation of the Q-T interval may have contributed to the death of this child
      with hypoxia predisposing to a fatal episode of ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 155882
TI  - [Experience in organizing pulmonology care in a central district hospital].

PMID- 155883
TI  - [Morbidity determined in the process of elaborating a target program for the
      dispensary care of the population of a rural district].

PMID- 155884
TI  - [N. P. Zubku-Kodrianu, progressive physician and oustanding participant in the
      revolutionary democratic movement].

PMID- 155885
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course of influenza A and B during the epidemic
      outbreaks of recent years].

PMID- 155886
TI  - [Status and development of pulmonology in the RSFSR].

PMID- 155887
TI  - [Immune complex diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 155888
TI  - Radiology as an aid in the diagnosis and management of cardiac diseases.
AB  - Conventional radiology is a routine examination in the diagnosis and management
      of cardiac diseases. A brief review of its value and limitations is given. A
      number of technical and/or physiological factors which may influence the
      cardiopulmonary configuration are mentioned. An approach is suggested for
      analysis of radiographs of the heart.

PMID- 155889
TI  - Mandatory employment of the handicapped.

PMID- 155890
TI  - Immunological monitoring as a guide to the management of transplant recipients.
AB  - Immunological monitoring assays are of current value in the management of
      transplant recipients. These assays allow the pre-transplant quantitation of both
      donor-recipient histocompatibility and recipient "responder status." In addition,
      these assays allow the individualization of immunosuppression, permitting a more
      uniform and effective immunosuppression in the difficult early post-transplant
      period. Individualized modulation of recipient immune reactivity avoids the
      documented pitfalls of conventional stereotyped suppression and permits better
      abrogation of acute rejection responses and lesser rates of serious infections
      consequent to excessive immune suppression. Immunological monitoring of long
      surviving recipients permits early detection of immune reactivity which often
      culminates in clinical chronic rejection, as well as permits the quantitation of
      immune facilitory mechanisms (reduced capability to generate anti-donor cytotoxic
      T cells and/or cellular suppressor mechanisms) that indicate an immune milieu
      conductive to long-term graft survival. The primary limitations to the more
      widespread use of immunological monitoring assays at present are the need for
      more consensual validations of the utility of these assays in different
      laboratories, more standardization and better controls of techniques, and
      improvement in the technology of the assays to permit rapid, reproducible, and
      accurate results with a lesser expenditure of laboratory time and money and
      greater economy in demands for recipient blood and donor tissue. Finally,
      immunological monitoring assays are notable for the great promise they offer in
      terms of immunobiological probes to dissect mechanisms of rejection, mechanisms
      of graft facilitation, mechanisms of action of immunosuppressive agents, and
      mechanisms by which empirical technology of recipient pre-treatment may condition
      the host to better acceptance of an incompatible graft.

PMID- 155891
TI  - Bronchodilatation and the site of airway resistance in severe chronic bronchitis.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with severe chronic bronchitis and emphysema (FEV1 less than
      1 1) inhaled 80 microgram of the atropine-like agent ipratropium or placebo in a
      double-blind study and three hours later inhaled 200 microgram salbutamol. After
      80 microgram ipratropium, mean FEV1 was significantly greater than after 200
      microgram salbutamol (P less than 0.025), but the difference was only 40 ml and
      the clinical significance of this difference is unproved. There was no
      correlation between the patient's response to ipratropium and the response to
      salbutamol. When salbutamol was administered three hours after ipratropium, the
      FEV1 rose to higher levels than after either agent alone (P less than 0.01).
      Studies breathing 80% helium/20% oxygen suggest that ipratropium dilates both
      large and small airways. There was no correlation between the response to
      helium/oxygen and the response to either bronchodilator. The results suggest that
      in severe chronic bronchitis and emphysema ipratropium is at least as effective
      as salbutamol, and that such patients should have reversibility studies with
      salbutamol alone, ipratropium alone, and after both agents together. The
      combination of ipratropium and salbutamol may be clinically useful.

PMID- 155892
TI  - An evaluation of the mini-Wright peak flow meter.
AB  - The mini-Wright peak flow meter (MPFM) has been evaluated, and the results
      obtained from it show a strong positive correlation (r=0.970) with the Wright's
      peak flow meter (PFM). MPFM measurements, however, were biased to be about 38
      1/min higher than PFM measurements (95% confidence limits 31.01/min to
      45.01/min). Between instrument variation was found (F--ratio 3.67 with 9 and 81
      degrees of freedom: P less than 0.001). In practice this did not appreciably
      affect individual measurements greatly as 95% confidence limits on any individual
      measurements were increased from +/-24 1/min to +/-27 1/min. There was no
      significant day-to-day variability in measurements obtained with individual
      instruments. The MPFM is a pocket-sized, simple, cheap, and robust instrument for
      following changes in ventilatory function. In clinical trails and surveys,
      however, both the bias in favour of the MPFM compared to the PFM and inter
      machine variation must be taken into account. As the manufacturers have altered
      the scale to remove the bias since this study was performed, it will be important
      to know whether the original or the modified meter is being used in future
      studies.

PMID- 155893
TI  - Coexistence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy and aortic valve disease in adults.
AB  - Echocardiography detected asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) in five of 200
      adults being assessed for aortic valve surgery. Four of these were among 119
      patients with dominant aortic stenosis, which was severe in three. ASH was
      confirmed at the time of aortic valve replacement in two of these patients; the
      third declined operation. The finding of ASH in only one of 81 patients with free
      aortic reflux is consistent with chance association. While the same explanation
      could apply to the higher prevalence in those with aortic stenosis, it may be
      that a long-standing pressure overload can trigger inappropriate septal
      hypertrophy in predisposed individuals.

PMID- 155894
TI  - A sensitive fluorescent assay for determining alpha2-plasmin inhibitor using a
      synthetic substrate.

PMID- 155895
TI  - A rapid purification of streptokinase by affinity chromatography.

PMID- 155896
TI  - Anti-factor Xa activity of heparan sulphate.

PMID- 155897
TI  - Standardization of the human in vitro cell-mediated lympholysis technique.
AB  - Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) can be generated in mixed lymphocyte culture and
      cryopreserved after a 6-day sensitization phase. CTL tested after storage in
      liquid nitrogen do not show lysis of autologous target cells and can mediate
      strong cytotoxicity against other target cells. This lysis shows the same
      specificity as that of the corresponding fresh CTL. The ability to cryopreserve
      CTL enables performance of sequential CML testing. Data from separate CML
      experiments can be pooled using a percent relative cytotoxic response (%RCR) to
      normalize values within individual experiments. Together, these methods provide a
      standardized cell-mediated lympholysis technique.

PMID- 155898
TI  - [Prognosis of the demand for orthopedic stomatological care].

PMID- 155899
TI  - [Papillon-Lefevre syndrome in 2 children from 1 family].

PMID- 155900
TI  - Kinetic analysis of the placental microsomal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      activity.
AB  - A sensitive accurate assay for the placental microsomal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.51) has been developed using tritiated substrates.
      Kinetic analysis of the enzyme with 3 beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one and 3 beta
      hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one indicates that the apparent Km values for these
      substrates are orders of magnitude less than previously described. Analyses were
      carried out with microsomal preparations from two different placentas. For
      placenta 1 the apparent Km value for 3 beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one was 14 nM
      and for 3 beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one was 36 nM; for placental 2 apparent Km
      values were 19 nM and 42 nM respectively. The analyses were performed over wide
      ranges of substrate concentration (about 200 fold), both above and below the Km
      values and no deviation from linearity of Eadie-Hoftsee plots was observed.

PMID- 155901
TI  - [Reactions for the detection of heliotrin and lasiocarpine in toxicological
      chemical studies].

PMID- 155902
TI  - Needs of the pre-school visually handicapped child.

PMID- 155903
TI  - Educational placement of visually handicapped children.

PMID- 155904
TI  - Employment problems of those with acquired visual disability.

PMID- 155905
TI  - Psycho-social and rehabilitation aspects of acquired visual handicap.

PMID- 155906
TI  - Visual acuity at home and in eye clinics.
AB  - Most elderly visually disabled people have lower levels of visual acuity for both
      reading and getting about in their homes than would be inferred from clinic
      measurements. Even with optimum optical correction, performance can be much
      improved by simple modifications to existing facilities, individual advice, and
      in most cases the addition of a simple adjustable reading lamp.

PMID- 155907
TI  - Epidemiology of visual disability.

PMID- 155908
TI  - Patch testing in ocular drug allergies.

PMID- 155909
TI  - Cyclosporin A: an immunosuppressive agent preferentially active against
      proliferating T cells.
AB  - The in vitro action of the immunosuppressive agent Cyclospirin A has been
      investigated using porcine cells. Lymphocyte proliferation induced in response to
      transplantation antigens and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), was inhibited by this
      agent at doses that failed to inhibit mitogenisis in response to sheep anti-pig
      IgM, growth of kidney cell monolayers, and leukocyte migration.

PMID- 155910
TI  - Absence of liver cysts after intraportal islet transplantation in
      pancreatectomized rats.

PMID- 155911
TI  - Human skin grafts from mixed lymphocyte culture-positive donors provide help for
      the rapid rejection of simultaneously transplanted skin grafts from mixed
      lymphocyte culture-negative donors.
AB  - The influence of grafting more than one skin transplant simultaneously on one
      recipient was investigated. When a mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)-negative skin
      was transplanted along with an MLC-positive skin, the MLC-negative skin survived
      for a significantly shorter time than when transplanted alone. This indicated
      that the MLC-positive skin provided a stimulus that could provide help to reject
      the MLC-negative skin. This finding might be important clinically. When an MLC
      negative transplant is given to a patient, one should not transfuse this patient
      with MLC-positive leukocyte-rich blood.

PMID- 155912
TI  - Partial characterization of cytotoxic cells infiltrating sponge matrix
      allografts.
AB  - Adapting the Roberts and Hayry sponge allograft model, we have demonstrated the
      presence of an enriched, specifically cytotoxic population of cells which
      infiltrate rejecting sponge allografts. The number of cells infiltrating a
      rejecting sponge allograft peaks on day 14 after transplantation. Utilizing a
      short-term 51chromium cytotoxicity assay, peak antiallogeneic killing was
      demonstrable on day 14 also. Only T cell killing was apparent for the first 15
      days after transplantation. After day 20, specific cytolysis was present which
      was not sensitive to anti-theta serum and complement. The infiltrating cytotoxic
      cells are large, specifically cytotoxic, do not proliferate in culture, do not
      respond to mitogen, and do not respond in mixed lymphocyte culture even to the
      same alloantigen to which the animal had been sensitized. In contrast, spleens
      from sponge-bearing animals kill poorly, respond to mitogen, and respond
      vigorously in mixed lymphocyte culture to specific and nonspecific alloantigens.
      The following hypotheses are set forth with regard to the cytotoxic lymphocytes
      (1) Such cells may be end stage and cannot proliferate. (2) The cytotoxic cells
      may kill the stimulator cells more rapidly than they can be stimulated to
      proliferate. (3) The sponge cell population may be enriched for nonspecific
      supressor cells. (4) The sponge cells may be devoid of helper T cells.

PMID- 155913
TI  - Minimum length of time required for alloantigen recognition.
AB  - The minimum length of time required for lymph node lymphocytes to recognize
      alloantigens in vitro was examined in mixed skin cell-lymphocyte culture
      reactions. Responding lymphocytes in the mixture were successfully separated from
      stimulating skin cells by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient sedimentation. Lymphocyte
      activation by allogeneic skin cells took place within 15 min of contact. The
      amount of measured stimulation was approximately 30% of that produced by an equal
      concentration of antigen present continuously in culture. The presence of
      alloantigen was no longer needed after 24 hr. Several control experiments were
      made in order to exclude the effects of contamination and culture conditions.
      Identical results were obtained with allogeneic hepatocytes. These data indicate
      that the recognition of alloantigen leading to lymphocyte proliferation may occur
      during the early period of contact.

PMID- 155914
TI  - Modulation of lymphocyte receptors for IgG inhibits responding cells in the mixed
      lymphocyte reaction.

PMID- 155915
TI  - [Several immunologic studies in congenital chromosomal pathology (clinico
      experimental findings)].

PMID- 155916
TI  - [Conditions of stress as the reason for application for disability pensions. A
      discussion on the basis of 13 women who were awarded the lowest disability
      pension or who were refused pensions].

PMID- 155917
TI  - [Chromium allergy. Medical and social aspects].

PMID- 155918
TI  - Evaluation of a computer programme for interpretation of 12-lead
      electrocardiograms.
AB  - A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation programme (Cardionics, Brussels)
      was treated for computer diagnosis of ECG. The computer performance was evaluated
      on an ECG population from hospital patients by a method giving results which will
      allow the clinician to judge the usefulness of the computer diagnosis in clinical
      practice. Diagnoses made by experienced ECG readers were in essential agreement
      with the computer diagnoses in 83.5%, of 493 ECGs. Clinically significant
      disagreements due to differences in criteria occurred in 6.0% of the tracings,
      whereas such disagreements due to programme errors were found in 10.5%.

PMID- 155919
TI  - Experience with a newly developed automatic uroflowmeter.
AB  - An automatic cabin uroflowmeter was developed in order to guarantee the privacy
      of the patient, to simplify the measurement, and in particular, for screening.
      The meter is based on the method of von Garrelts, and the registration is
      performed with a music cassette. After an extensive calibration, 76 measurements
      from 22 persons without urologic complaints and 42 measurements from patients
      were analyzed. The obtained values of the control group, as well as those of the
      patient group were comparable to the data mentioned in literature. A normogram is
      presented correlating maximum flow rate and voided volume.

PMID- 155920
TI  - [Types of urination in men according to urodynamic flow measurement data].
AB  - The work is grounded on the analysis of the urination parameters, obtained from
      the examination of 195 men with various urological pathologies and of 100 healthy
      individuals, through urodynamofluometry--a new method of the express-diagnosis of
      the urination disorders. 5 types of the urination according to its volume have
      been distinguished. The devised system of the quantitative-qualitative evaluation
      of the urination is an attempt to differentiate various conditions of the
      urodynamics of the lower urinary passages versus the peculiarities of their
      anatomo-functional state in men.

PMID- 155921
TI  - Role of the complement system in immunity and immunopathology.

PMID- 155922
TI  - Glomerulonephritis in dogs and cats.

PMID- 155923
TI  - [Our friends].

PMID- 155924
TI  - [Cattle barn microclimate during the winter and transition periods].

PMID- 155925
TI  - [Phage relationships of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from raw and
      pasteurized cow's milk].
AB  - Studied is the behaviour to phages of 136 strains of coagulase positive
      cstaphylococci, isolated from raw (82), pasteurized milk stored in tanks (30) and
      pasteurized milk in bottles (24). The Staphylococcus aureus strains investigated
      are sensitive to bovine phages and, above all, to those of the 4th group (102,
      107, 117 and 42D) or in combination with them. No lyses are established in the
      1st and 3rd phage groups. The 107/117 and 107/117/42D are the phage types most
      frequently identified. The same phage types are found in both raw and pasteurized
      cow milk. It is established that 82 per cent of the Staphylococcus aureus strains
      studied with the rystal-violet test belong to types A and B after Meyer.

PMID- 155926
TI  - Systematic review of thorotrast data and facts: animal experiments.

PMID- 155927
TI  - [Studies on glomerular structure: reconstruction of a rat glomerulus using 0.5 mu
      serial sections (author's transl)].

PMID- 155928
TI  - Argyrophil pituitary tumors showing TSH cells or small granule cells.
AB  - Among 74 histochemically and ultrastructurally studied pituitary adenomas, 12
      apparently chromophobe tumors were characterized by the presence of numerous
      argyrophil cells. All these argyrophil adenomas failed to reveal presence of GH,
      prolactin or ACTH cells. Two tumors were found to consist of well granulated
      cells reacting intensely with anti-TSH antibodies and resembling TSH cells of the
      normal pituitary. The remaining argyrophil adenomas did not show TSH
      immunostaining and, with one exception, failed to react with an anti-HCG serum
      staining gonadotroph cells of human pituitary. They were composed of small,
      closely apposed cells with small compact or vesicular granules. These tumor cells
      seem to correspond to some small argyrophil cells found in non-neoplastic
      pituitary, which differ from TSH cells and from all other types of functionally
      identified adenohypophyseal cells.

PMID- 155929
TI  - Glomerulonephritis induced by high doses of ovalbumin. Studies by electron
      microscopy, immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy.
AB  - Experimental glomerulonephritis was produced in 16 rabbits by intravenous
      injections of ovalbumin in high doses (0.1 g/day during the first week, 0.2 g x
      6/day during the second). The animals were killed on day 14. At that time all
      animals had 2--4+ proteinuria and a serum C3 level reduced to about 50% of the
      control level; 11 animals had a significantly raised blood urea level. In all
      rabbits the antigen had induced severe proliferative glomerulonephritis. Electron
      microscopy showed that many of the cells accounting for the hypercellularity were
      monocytes. Surprisingly, electron dense deposits were few and small, mainly on
      the subendothelial and subepithelial aspects of the glomerular basement membrane.
      In all the animals ultrastructural immunoperoxidase technique revealed deposits
      containing ovalbumin, rabbit IgG and C3. With immunofluorescence sparse deposits
      were occasionally seen. It is concluded that a severe experimental
      glomerulonephritis can be produced in a state of antigen excess, with the
      deposition of immune complexes being minimal. Immuno-electron microscopy is
      essential, however, in detecting even the smallest animals of deposited immune
      reactants.

PMID- 155930
TI  - [On the pathology of acute heart failure in bronchial asthma (author's transl)].
AB  - In cases dying with asthma, heart muscle stained by the Haematoxylin-basic
      Fuchsin-Pikric acid-method showed multiple areas of focal ischaemic injury of
      single or small groups of muscle fibres. The localisation of these changes in the
      inner layers of the wall and septum of the ventricle and the pattern of the
      changes produced, suggest poor coronary perfusion. The changes are explained as
      the result of combined damage due to hypoxic circulatory disturbances of the
      heart muscle and the effects of catecholamines. The appearances may provide the
      morphological basis for accurate diagnosis.

PMID- 155931
TI  - Intrauterine wound healing in a 20 week human fetus.
AB  - Limb amputations, probably caused by amniotic constriction bands, were examined
      histologically in a 20 week human fetus to assess the degree of intrauterine
      healing. No acute inflammatory process, no removal of necrotic material, and no
      granulation tissue formation were seen at any of the amputation sites. A recent
      ulcer, probably caused by friction of an exposed piece of bone in the stump of
      the right leg, also showed no inflammatory response. Healing was by coagulation
      of exposed tissue and by a minor degree of mesenchymal proliferation without
      repair. Similar changes have been described in experimental intrauterine wound
      healing in rats, lambs, opossums and baboons. Conversion from a non-specific to a
      classical postnatal inflammatory response occurs sometime before term. It is not
      known at what point this change takes place in man; examination of this infant
      suggests that it occurs after the twentieth week of gestation.

PMID- 155932
TI  - New approaches to treatment of back pain.

PMID- 155933
TI  - [Usefulness of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of internal genital tuberculosis in
      primary infertility].

PMID- 155934
TI  - [Severe diphtheria with acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)].
AB  - Report on a female patient with severe diphtheria and electrocardiographic
      changes of acute myocardial infarction. Cases of such a kind seem to be seldom,
      as a review of international literature shows.

PMID- 155935
TI  - Therapeutic plasmapheresis.

PMID- 155937
TI  - [Yellow staining of the skin by "Ferroblank"-oil in the metalworking industry].

PMID- 155936
TI  - Unusually high occurrence of drug reactions with nafcillin.
AB  - Five patients seen during a two-month period who developed untoward systemic
      reactions following high dose intravenous administration of nafcillin are
      described. Recovery was complete upon discontinuation of the drug. The clustering
      of these cases and the high incidence (5 of 5) of side effects are highly
      unusual, and suggest that the frequency of nafcillin reactions might be higher
      than previously suspected.

PMID- 155938
TI  - [Unusual skin reactions during photochemotherapy in mycosis fungoides].

PMID- 155939
TI  - Histochemical observations on the taste buds of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus
      and Callithrix penicillata).
AB  - The epithelial cells in the taste buds of C. jacchus and C.  penicillata show a
      moderate amount of ribonucleic acid an a concentration of a PAS-positive diastase
      resistant material at their apical part. These cells are devoid of UDPG-GT,
      phosphorylases, G-6-PA, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase,
      cholinesterase and MAO; they present a weak reaction of F-1, 6-P Ald, LDH, SDH,
      MDH, cytochrome oxidase, beta-OHBDH, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase
      and a stronger reaction to ADH, NADPH2-TR, ATPases, alpha-GPDH, alkaline 
      phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and GDH. Although some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase,
      5-nucleotidase and ATPases) have an almost uniform reactivity by the several
      taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller uniform
      reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser
      intensity in the smaller taste buds of the fungiform papillae. As a rule the
      apical part of the cells shows a stronger enzymatic reactivity. The taste buds of
      the marmosets are penetrated by acetylcholinesterase positive nerve fibers
      whereas the autonomic ganglia in the connective tissue contain both-acetyl and
      butyrylcholinesterase.

PMID- 155940
TI  - Cultured lung cells: interplay effects of beta-mimetics, prostaglandins and
      corticosteroids in the biosynthesis of dipalmitoyl lecithin.
AB  - Cell lines derived from type II lung cells were used to study interplays of
      substances affecting incorporation of labeled precursors [1(-14)C]palmitate and
      [methyl-3H]choline into phosphatidyl choline. Ethanol stimulated markedly
      biosynthesis of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline in cloned rabbit lung cells; the
      stimulating action of ethanol was reduced very much by cortisol and less by
      ritodrine. In the presence of 0.1 microM isoproterenol, two prostaglandins, E2
      and F2alpha, caused marked depressions in the incorporation of both precursors by
      cell line A 549 derived from human lung adenocarcinoma. One concluded that among
      the agents studied, ethanol and cortisol are potent antagonists, and so were also
      the prostaglandins and isoproterenol.

PMID- 155941
TI  - [The in vitro and in vivo stability of the entrapment of methotrexate in
      negatively charged liposomes after sterile filtration (author's transl)].
AB  - The preparation of sterile artificial liposomes
      (phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol:dicethylphosphate=5:5:1) by Millipore filtration
      is described. Conditions for storing liposome entrapped Methotrexate have been
      found which allow storage of the drug in the entrapped form over a period of at
      least 4 months. It is shown that intravenously injected liposome entrapped
      Methotrexate is retained for at least 15 hours in the particulate form. During
      this time no free Methotrexate is detectable in the blood.

PMID- 155942
TI  - Enhanced melanization of Harding-Passey mouse melanoma cells following treatment
      with exogenous melanosomes in monolayer culture.
AB  - Purified melanosomes isolated from subcutaneously growting Harding-Passey
      melanomas of NMRI-mice were labeled either in vitro with [14C]tyrosine or
      [14C]DOPA in the melanin portion, or in vivo in the melanin and protein portion
      following i. p. injection of [14C]tyrosine. Treatment of monolayer cultures of
      Harding-Passey melanoma cells (HPM-73 line) with such labeled melanosomes
      resulted in rapid uptake of label during the first 4 h which leveled off
      thereafter. A portion of the "incorporated" label could be removed by a 15 min
      chase with unlabeled melanosomes. Uptake of labeled melanosomes by HPM-73 cells
      was followed by increased cellular melanization which was not only due to melanin
      derived from incorporated melanosomes but primarily to newly formed melanin.
      Tyrosinase activity was elevated in melanosome-treated cells. Tyrosinase activity
      of control cells was significantly reduced following a 24 h exposure to
      actinomycin D or cycloheximide. On the other side, the same inhibitor treatment
      of melanosome-pretreated cells resulted in less inhibition of tyrosinase
      activity. The present findings suggest "melanophagic" properties of cultured
      melanoma cells resulting in enhanced melanogenesis after phagocytotic uptake of
      functionally active exogenous melanosomes.

PMID- 155943
TI  - Stained native collagen: interpretation of the small angle X-ray scattering and
      electron microscopic pictures in terms of the primary structure.
AB  - The average axial electron-density distribution of stained collagen fibers
      derived from X-ray small angle pattern, is shown to be substantially related to
      the projection of the polar amino acid residues onto the axis of the microfibril
      taking into consideration the staggering of neighbouring molecules. In order to
      arrive ultimately at a quantitative representation of the experimental data, an
      additional periodic fluctuation of the density in direction of the fibril axis is
      required. The necessity of this regular microphase structure for an understanding
      of known physical properties of collagen fibers will be indicated.

PMID- 155944
TI  - Osmotic sensitivity and tolerance and proteinase production in a strain of
      Saccharomyces.
AB  - A brewing yeast strain, NCYC 1085, unusual in that it sporulated freely and
      produced diploid spores, was sensitive to the degree of osmotic tension induced
      by the addition of 1.5 M KC1 or 2.5 M ethylene glycol to yeast extract-peptone
      glucose medium, but its progeny, obtained on sporulation and dissection of the
      resulting asci, included a number of osmotic-tolerant strains, the percentage of
      which increased as these strains were also sporulated and dissected. In addition,
      after repeated isolation of single-spore clones for three or four generations,
      clones producing zones of liquefaction of gelatin ranging in size from zero to
      large (approximately 1.5 cm) appeared, with the intensity of hydrolysis
      increasing in clones obtained from the later generations. The isolation of
      erythromycin-resistant mutants by manganese treatment was also accompanied by the
      appearance of osmotic-tolerant and gelatin-liquefying clones.

PMID- 155945
TI  - Methylmercury-induced sedimentation heterogeneity of T7 bacteriophage DNA.
AB  - Single-stranded and methylmercurated T7 DNA is composed of two species as
      evidenced from the sedimentation pattern displayed during band-sedimentation in
      self-generating density gradients as well as during equilibrium-sedimentation in
      CS2SO4 density gradients. Under the given experimental conditions, viz., at pH
      9.18 and in presence of 0.1 mM CH3HgOH, the two species band in CS2SO4 with a
      density difference of 0.008 g/ml. The ratio of the sedimentation coefficients of
      the two species is sw, 20 (fast)/sw, 20 (slow) = 1.63 at pH 9.18 and in presence
      of 1.6 mM CH3HgOH. Both native and denatured T7 DNA behave as monodisperse
      systems in the absence of CH3HgOH.

PMID- 155946
TI  - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast: structural organization of the
      enzyme and its complex with tRNAPhe as determined by X-ray small-angle
      scattering.
AB  - The quaternary structure of the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase and its complex with
      tRNAPhe was studied in dilute solutions by small angle X-ray scattering. For the
      free synthetase the radius of gyration was determined as 5.5 nm, the volume 523
      nm3, the maximum diameter 17.5 nm and the molecular weight as 260,000 using an
      isopotential specific volume of 0.735. The overall shape could be best
      approximated by a flat cylinder with dimensions 18.2 nmx11.5 nmx4nm; the loose
      structure was approximated by building up the cylinder by spheres (diameter 4.2
      nm). The corresponding parameters of the enzyme tRNA complex were the following:
      radius of gyration 5.9 nm, volume 543 nm3, maximum diameter 21 nm and molecular
      weight 290,000. These parameters suggest an 1:1 complex, whereby it must be
      assumed that the tRNA molecule is attached in the extension of the longer axis.
      From the difference in the distance distribution functions of the free enzyme and
      the complex it is evident that we have to assume a change of conformation
      (contraction) of the enzyme upon the binding of the specific tRNA.

PMID- 155947
TI  - [The acetylcholinesterase of Bungarus multicinctus venom. Purification and
      properties (author's transl)].
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase from Banded krait (Bungarus multicinctus) venom has been
      purified by CM-Sephadex chromatography and affinity chromatography to a specific
      activity of 4290 U/mg. The purified enzyme is a glycoprotein. It is free of
      electrophoretically detectable contaminating proteins. A molecular weight of
      140,000 +/- 5,000 has been determined by gradient gel electrophoresis for the
      native enzyme. It is split into two equal-sized subunits (Mr 70,000 +/- 2,000) by
      SDS treatment. The N-terminal amino acid analysis gave glycine and serine. The
      purified acetylcholinesterase can be resolved by disc gel electrophoresis into
      four and by isoelectric focusing into six isozymes. The pI value of the main
      isozyme has been found to be 5.98 +/- 0.05.

PMID- 155948
TI  - Assimilatory nitrate reductase of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata AD2: a molybdo
      hemeprotein.
AB  - The assimilatory nitrate reductase of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas
      capsulata strain AD2 was purified to homogeneity by a combination of ammonium
      sulfate fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and isoelectric focusing
      (isoelectric point of 4.8). The purified enzyme was active only with reduced
      viologen dyes or reduced flavin as electron donors. Contrary to other bacterial
      assimilatory nitrate reductases, the enzyme was not inhibited by chlorate, but
      rather accepted this substance as an alternate substrate. The molecular weight of
      the enzyme was 185,000 dalton as determined by gelfiltration. Subunit analysis by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis yielded a single protein band
      with a molecular weight of 85,000 dalton,, suggesting that the enzyme was
      composed of two identical subunits. The nitrate reductase contained 0.8 g-atoms
      molybdenum per 1.85 x 10(5) g protein and exhibited absorption maxima at 418, 523
      and 552 nm in the reduced state (dithionite as reductant). The nitrate reductase
      of Rps. capsulata AD2 is the first prokaryotic enzyme of the assimilatory type
      that has been shown to contain heme.

PMID- 155949
TI  - Purification, subunit structure, and kinetics of the chloroform-released F1ATPase
      complex from Rhodospirillum rubrum and its comparison with F1ATPase forms
      isolated by other methods.
AB  - A stable and homogeneous adenosine-5'-triphosphatase (ATPase, EC 3.6.1.3) has
      been solubilized from Rhodospirillum rubrum (R. rubrum) chromatophores by
      chloroform extraction. Purification of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity was 200
      fold. Ca2+ can be replaced by Mg2+, Cd2+, and Mn2+. The Km for Ca-ATP (0.17 mM)
      is increased about 5-fold during solubilization of the enzyme, whereas the Km
      values for Mg-ATP (0.029 mM) and Cd-ATP (0.014 mM) are not affected. The
      chloroform-released ATPase has a molecular weight of 400,000 +/- 30,000 and
      consists of the following subunits (molecular weights in parenthesis):
      alpha(58,000), beta(53,500), gamma(39,000), delta(18,500), and epsilon(14,000).
      The amino acid composition and the fluorescence spectra are presented. Besides
      the chloroform-released ATPase complex three other Ca2+-dependent ATPase forms
      have been isolated from R. rubrum chromatophores by other methods for comparison.
      Ultrasonication of the membranes leads to the release of an ATPase complex which
      is mainly composed of alpha, beta, and gamma-subunits. From an acetone powder
      extract an ATPase complex could be purified by affinity chromatography which is
      composed of four kinds of subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). The same acetone
      powder yields an ATPase consisting of only three different types of subunits
      (alpha, beta, gamma) if the final purification step is preparative disc
      electrophoresis on 6% polyacrylamide gels instead of affinity chromatography.

PMID- 155950
TI  - Evidence for the existence of meta and para directing O-methyltransferases in
      tobacco cell cultures.
AB  - The O-methyltransferase of tobacco cell culture was resolved to its meta and para
      directing forms by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Despite similarities in
      molecular weights and pI values of the two forms, however, evidence from pH
      optima, SH-group inhibitors, methylation ratios, SDS-acrylamide gels and mixed
      substrate experiments indicates the existence of two discrete enzymes acting at
      the meta and para positions of caffeic acid and quercetin, respectively; though
      the latter enzyme was less substrate specific than its meta counterpart.

PMID- 155951
TI  - Search for millimeter microwave effects on enzyme or protein functions.
AB  - Recent observations of nonthermal, resonant biological responses to weak
      millimeter microwave irradiation have led us to investigate whether similar
      influences exist on enzymatic functions in vitro. We chose (i) the reduction of
      ethanol in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase and (ii) the cooperative binding
      of oxygen on hemoglobin. Using an irradiation intensity near 10 mW/cm2 the
      frequency was continuously varied from 40 to 115 GHz with a resolution of a few
      MHz. No microwave influences were detectable within our experimental sensitivity
      of about 0.1% of the reaction rate in (i), or of the amount of bound oxygen at
      half saturation in (ii).

PMID- 155952
TI  - The role of acidic proteins from cytoplasmic fractions of Krebs II ascites cells
      for efficient translation.
AB  - Acidic proteins with affinity to RNA from cytoplasmic fraction of Krebs II
      Ascites cells were isolated by means of affinity chromatography on RNA-Sepharose
      CN-Br-columns. Stepwise elution with 350 mM [K+] and 1000 mM [K+] removed two
      fractions of proteins both of which are required for the formation of 40S- or 80S
      initiation complexes and for efficient translation.

PMID- 155953
TI  - Characterization of an endogenous transcription inhibitor from Physarum
      polycephalum.
AB  - A substance has been purified from isolated nuclei of Physarum polycephalum by
      equilibrium and velocity gradient centrifugations, ion exchange chromatography
      and gel filtration which has a high molecular weight, can be labeled in vivo with
      32P, is heat stable and resistant to amylases, proteases, nucleases and
      phosphodiesterase but is sensitive to phosphatases or hydrolysis. This material
      consists of phosphate and glycerol. It selectively inhibits in vitro
      transcription of RNA polymerases, predominantly the homologous enzyme A by
      binding to the enzyme. In the presence of this inhibitor of transcription a
      stable RNA polymerase-template complex cannot be formed. Binding to and
      inactivation of RNA polymerase is reversible at high ionic strength.

PMID- 155954
TI  - In vitro action of gastric mucosal lysosomal enzymes on intracellular gastric
      glycoproteins.
AB  - The results show that incubation of gastric mucosal cells from rat at pH
      approximately 4.5 or in the presence of aspirin is associated with a specific
      increase in the activity of some acid-hydrolases. Intracellular glycoproteins,
      isolated by non-degrative techniques from rat or dog fundic mucosal cells, were
      found to be potential bio-substrates for these acid-hydrolyses. This may suggest
      that cleavage of the carbohydrate moieties of the intracellular and mucosal cell
      wall glycoproteins is a fundamental step in the development of gastric
      ulceration. A model for gastric lesions is proposed and discussed in the light of
      the results obtained.

PMID- 155955
TI  - Cultured lung cells: effects of isotopic dilution and some undefined stimulation
      on the incorporation of radiolabeled palmitate and choline into phosphatidyl
      choline (lecithin).

PMID- 155956
TI  - [Toxic-allergic shock caused by carbamazepine (Tegretal)].

PMID- 155957
TI  - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of malignant oropharyngeal tumors
      (according to the data of the Gorky Municipal Oncological Dispensary (1971-
      1975)].

PMID- 155958
TI  - [Primary chronic polyarthritis with kidney involvement (mesangiocapillary
      glomerulonephritis)].
AB  - A 34 year old white male patient suffering from seropositive "probable"
      rheumatoid arthritis developed a severe hypocomplementemic mesangiocapillary
      glomerulo-nephritis. Rheumatoid factors (Latex test, Waaler-Rose titer) and IgM
      were markedly elevated in the serum. The third component of complement (C3) was
      markedly depressed, while the fourth component (C4) was within normal range. The
      rapid progression of the disease forced us to start an immunosuppressive drug
      therapy using azathioprine and steroids. Despite marked clinical improvement,
      e.g. normalisation of complement components, renal function, the disappearance of
      rheumatoid factor and proteinuria, the second biopsy taken two years later showed
      unchanged histological and immuno-histological changes of the glomerula.

PMID- 155959
TI  - [Various indicators of enzymatic activity of blood serum in workers of
      "Polyvinylacetate" plant].

PMID- 155960
TI  - [Evaluation of toxicity of various occupational factors based on the data of acid
      base equilibrium].

PMID- 155961
TI  - [Ezras Asratovich Asratian (on his 75th birthday)].

PMID- 155962
TI  - [Problem of epidemiologic study of borderline states among persons of 20-49 age
      groups].

PMID- 155963
TI  - [Conbinement of anthrax foci to soil-landscape zones in Rostov Province].

PMID- 155964
TI  - [Enterococcal flora of some species of synanthropic flies].
AB  - The study of enterococcal species present in 16 species of synanthropic flies
      revealed the predominance of Str. faecalis and its variants, a high percentage of
      fly populations being infected. The spectrum of enterococci was proved to depend
      on the living conditions of the flies. The percentage of Musca domestica with the
      infected digestive tract was found to vary with changes in the age composition of
      the fly population.

PMID- 155965
TI  - [Dynamics of the types of carrier state and their relationship to the phage group
      characteristics of pathogenic staphylococci].
AB  - A total of 305 persons belonging to the medical staff of a hospital surgery unit
      were subjected to multiple examinations during period of up to 8 years. 2,354
      staphylococcal strains isolated from these subjects were studied, and the
      following types of carrier state were determined: constant (23.6 +/- 2.43%),
      intermittent (57.4 +/- 2.83%), resident (7.9 +/- 1.54%), and the stable absence
      of carrier state (11.1 +/- 1.60%). An increase in the number of examinations and
      the terms of observation resulted in a regular increase in the number of
      intermittent carriers at the expense of constant carriers and persons not
      identified as carriers. Against this background resident carriers constituted a
      relatively more stable group. Carrier states of the resident type were connected
      with staphyloccci belonging to various phage groups without pronounced
      differences in the frequency with which any of the phage groups occurred.

PMID- 155966
TI  - [Development of scientific-psychiatric ideas in the works of Bashkirian
      psychiatrists].

PMID- 155967
TI  - [Chronic pulmonary heart disease: can one maintain such a diagnosis in clinical
      practice?].

PMID- 155968
TI  - Assessment of left ventricular filling by echocardiography in normal subjects and
      in subjects with coronary artery disease and with asymmetric septal hypertrophy.
AB  - To examine the time course of left ventricular filling, a computerized analysis
      of echocardiograms was performed in 16 normal subjects, 10 patients with coronary
      artery disease (CAD) but no cardiac enlargement and 7 patients with asymmetric
      septal hypertrophy (ASH). After hand-controlled digitization of the
      echocardiogram, a plot of the left ventricular diameter time-curve demonstrated
      separate phases of rapid filling, slow filling and atrial contribution. The left
      ventricular diameter at end-systole and at the end of the three diastolic phases
      was determined by pattern analysis of the diameter-time curve. On analysis of
      successive beats in the normals, the coefficient of variation for each of these
      four values of the left ventricular diameter was less than +/- 5%. Between CAD,
      ASH and normals there was no significant difference in left ventricular end
      diastolic diameter, nor in the extent and percentage of diameter shortening
      during systole. In contrast, abnormalities of the filling pattern were found in
      CAD and ASH. The maximal rate of diameter lengthening was not different in CAD
      (13.0 vs 13.7 cm/sec in normals, N.S.) but decreased in ASH (9.3 cm/sec, p less
      than .01). The percentage of diameter lengthening occurring in the rapid filling
      phase was decreased in both patient groups (55% in CAD and ASH vs 73% in normals,
      p less than .001). The slow filling phase did not contribute to more diameter
      lengthening (13% in CAD and 17% in ASH vs 12% in normals, N.S.). In CAD and ASH,
      the atrial contribution was markedly increased (33% in CAD and 28% in ASH, vs 15%
      in normals, p less than .001), and there was a higher rate of diameter
      lengthening during the atrial contraction (7.6 cm/sec in CAD, p less than .001
      and 5.7 cm/sec in ASH, p less than .01, vs 3.1 cm/sec in normals). In conclusion,
      after computer processing, noninvasive measurements of the left ventricular
      diameter allows to identify a typical filling pattern in patients with CAD and
      ASH, consistent with an abnormal compliance of the left ventricle and a
      compensatory increased atrial contribution.

PMID- 155969
TI  - Double trisomy as a mosaic. Case history (48, XYY, + 21/47,XY, +21) and survey of
      the literature of mixed autosomal-gonosomal trisomies.
AB  - The case of a boy is reported showing the typical symptoms of Down's syndrome, in
      whom the chromosome analysis revealed a mosaic karyotype: 50% 48,XYY,+21/50%
      47,XY,+21. Findings of 92 cases from the literature are summarized to show the
      frequencies of double gonosome-autosome aneuploidies compared with single
      trisomies. Referring to the different chromosomes involved, the aneuploid cell
      formation, the frequencies of combinations, as well as the tendency to mosaic
      formation are analyzed. The age of parents at the time of birth and the life
      expectancy are described as well as the clinical symptoms. Theories concerning
      the origin of double aneuploidies are discussed.

PMID- 155970
TI  - Urinary plasminogen-plasmin in the obstetric complications associated with DIC.

PMID- 155971
TI  - Clinical and experimental studies on immunotherapy in malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 155972
TI  - Evidence for a rat granulocyte chalone effect on the proliferation of normal
      human bone marrow and of myeloid leukemias.
AB  - Evidence is presented that rat ascites cell extracts, acting as granulocyte
      chalone, temporarily inhibit the cell doubling of granulocytopoietic precursors
      in suspension cultures of human bone marrow. The extracts do not affect the
      proliferation of erythroblasts and do not show any cytotoxicity. In addition, a
      relative increase of granulocytic precursors capable of proliferation was found,
      suggesting an increase in the resting population of the granulocytopoietic
      proliferation pool due to extract treatment. However, the extract capable of
      depressing the proliferation of the normal granulocytopoiesis did not affect the
      granulocytopoiesis of 7 chronic myeloid and 2 chronic myelomonocytic leukemias at
      the same dose level. In contrast to these chronic leukemias, blast proliferation
      of 4 acute myeloid and monocytic leukemias was greatly depressed not only for 6 h
      but for the whole culture period of 48 h.

PMID- 155973
TI  - Method for continuous measurement of carbon dioxide output during anesthesia. An
      assessment.
AB  - Employing the Mapleson D circuit, a modified closed-circuit flow-through
      technique for the continuous measurement of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) was
      tested for accuracy and precision in a lung model. The recovery of carbon dioxide
      production was found to be between 90 and 110%, the maximized errors for a single
      estimate of carbon dioxide production were between +/- 4 and +/- 28%, with the
      highest errors at high gas flows and low carbon dioxide inputs. Accepting
      arbitrarily chosen limits of maximized errors of +/- 10%, it could be shown that
      the system did not work acceptably when the mean carbon dioxide concentration was
      below 1.5 vol.% within the fresh gas flow rates (2.2--7.7 1 min-1) and the range
      of minute ventilation (4--10 1 min-1) employed. The half-life of carbon dioxide
      washout varied between 41 and 138 s, thus limiting the suitability of the system
      for detecting changes in carbon dioxide output. The method may be used as an
      approximate monitor of VCO2 in anaesthetized patients, but cannot be regarded as
      sufficient for research purposes.

PMID- 155974
TI  - Monitoring ventilation during anesthesia.
AB  - In patients under anesthesia, ventilation is often monitored less adequately than
      circulation. A simple method, neglected in adults, is the use of a precordial or
      oesophageal stethoscope. Respiratory volumes may be measured directly, or
      inferred from flowrates or pressure changes. A rough measurement of inspired
      volumes may be made using a nonrebreathing valve, and controlling fresh gas input
      to maintain a constant underfilled reservoir bag. Spirometry of expired volumes
      is difficult and requires sophisticated apparatus. Respiratory volumes are easily
      inferred from flowrates using the Wright or Drager respirometers. Flowrates may
      also be inferred from pressure changes, which are easy to record, as in the
      pneumotachorgraph. Accurate measurements require attention to many details, such
      as linearity of the transducer response over the flowrates measured. Calibration
      should be with the anesthetic gases used, at controlled temperature and humidity.
      Positive pressure ventilation peaks give a high flow artefact, and electronic
      drift requires regular recalibration. Electrical impedance changes may also be
      used to infer and record respiratory volumes, with reasonable accuracy if
      individual calibration is carried out. Anesthesia offers excellent opportunities
      to measure compliance and resistance, but itself changes these values, so that
      relation to normal values or changes due to pathology is difficult. Occlusion
      pressure is also readily measured during anesthesia, as an indication of
      respiratory drive, but rigid control of all other factors affecting respiratory
      muscle tensions is necessary.

PMID- 155975
TI  - Chronic non-allergic hypertrophic rhinitis. A histochemical study.
AB  - The enzymatic changes in chronic hypertrophic rhinitis were studied in 14
      patients. The cholinesterase content was increased in the subepithelium and
      stroma, denoting parasympathetic hyperactivity. Acid phosphatase was increased in
      the epithelium, subepithelium and around the glands, indicating increased
      shedding and phagocytic activity. Succinic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase
      and alpha-esterase were increased in the mucous glands, denoting increase
      secretory activity, hence increased natural defence mechanism of the nasal
      mucosa.

PMID- 155976
TI  - The Coffin-Siris syndrome.
AB  - A 14-month-old female with the Coffin-Siris syndrome is described. Typical
      features included underweight at birth, growth retardation, microcephaly,
      profound mental retardation, severe hypotonia with lax joints, feeding
      difficulties and frequent respiratory tract infections; sparce scalp hair, small
      nose, epicanthic folds, a prominent philtrum and full lips; a congenital heart
      defect; hypoplasia or aplasia of the distal phalanges of digits 2--5 and the
      corresponding nails, especially of the fifth fingers and toes, and aplasia of the
      middle phalanges of the little fingers and the second and fifth toes; severe
      delay in bone maturation. The proposita also showed hypoplasia of the lateral
      portions of both clavicles. Inheritance of the Coffin-Siris syndrome is possibly
      autosomal recessive.

PMID- 155977
TI  - Mechanism of cell dissociation with trypsin and EDTA.
AB  - The mechanism of cell dissociation with trypsin and EDTA was examined. Cell
      dissociation was possible when trypsin and EDTA were given simultaneously, when
      trypsin was given after EDTA treatment, but not when trypsin was given before
      EDTA treatment.

PMID- 155978
TI  - Heterotransplantation of human leukemic B-cell, T-cell and null-cell lines in
      hamsters.
AB  - Human leukemic B-cell (BALL-1), T-cell (TALL-1) and null-cell (NALL-1) lines have
      been established from three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To
      study the heterotransplantability and in vivo growth characteristics, attempts
      were made to transplant these ALL cell lines into newborn Syrian hamsters treated
      with rabbit anti-hamster thymocyte serum. Intraperitoneal implantation of 1.8-3.5
      x 10(7) cells gave rise to invasive tumors in all recipients after 15 to 41 days.
      In addition to a common in vivo feature of mesenteric and retroperitoneal tumors,
      BALL-1 line was characterized by infiltration of the skin, massive ascites and
      bone marrow invasion. TALL-1 cells infiltrated various organs including the lymph
      nodes, liver, gallbladder, spleen, bone marrow, central nervous system and eyes.
      NALL-1 line grew slowly, producing the least tumors, although there were distant
      metastases in the lungs. Tumor cells were detected in the blood of 2 of 3 BALL-1
      bearing hamsters and in the blood of 4 of 5 TALL-1-bearing hamsters. Thus, these
      three ALL cell lines were found to exhibit a characteristic biological behavior
      in hamsters, which might be related to the different cell lineage.

PMID- 155979
TI  - Studies on the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

PMID- 155980
TI  - Immunotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer patients with levamisole.
AB  - Levamisole was administered to 177 patients with gastrointestinal cancer (88
      curative resection, 58 noncurative resection and 31 without resection). It was
      administered at a daily dose of 150 mg for three consecutive days every other
      week. The administration was started, as a rule, 3 days before operation. This
      medication was repeated as frequently as possible at least for one month. The
      cellular immunity and 18-month survival rate of treated and control groups were
      compared. Levamisole effectively improved peripheral lymphocyte blastformation
      against phytohemagglutinin and increased the numbers of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes. Levamisole caused extremely high blastformation rates, in general,
      enhanced PPD reactions in non-curative resection cases 7 months after operation
      and showed no influence upon the number of peripheral blood lymphocyte. The
      effect of levamisole on the 6-month survival rate was most marked in patients
      without resection. Increased 12-month survival rate was marked in non-curative
      resection cases and, to a lesser extent, curative resection cases. Patients
      without resection had a slightly improved 12-month survival rate. Levamisole
      improved the 18-month survival rate in resectable cases; however, there were no
      significant differences in 18-month survival between levamisole and control
      groups of patients not undergoing resection. The results suggest that levamisole
      is effective in the patients whose tumor cells have been decreased by any method.

PMID- 155981
TI  - Recurrent transient thyrotoxicosis with painless thyroiditis--a case report.
AB  - A case of a 40-year-old woman who was suffering from painless thyroiditis with
      recurrent transient thyrotoxicosis is reported. Acute exacerbations occurred four
      times during the past ten years, two after delivery and two after catching a
      cold. Serum thyroid hormones increased, though radioiodine uptake by the thyroid
      was very low and no inflammatory signs were observed. The histological findings
      of the thyroid were of atypical thyroiditis and not consistent with either
      chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or subacute thyroiditis. Tanned sheep red cell
      hemagglutination titers for anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TRC) and for anti
      microsomal antibodies (MHA) were negative or low. The disease seems to be rare
      and the pathophysiology and etiology are discussed.

PMID- 155982
TI  - Three cases of myxofibroma.
AB  - Myxofibroma is a rare tumor. Three cases of myxofibroma, each of which developed
      at the right mandibular ramus, mandibular anterior tooth region, are presented.
      Myxofibroma developing in the mandibular ramus region is rare, and there has been
      only one case reported so far in Japan.

PMID- 155983
TI  - Technical considerations in the evaluation of pediatric motor scales.
AB  - Guidelines are suggested for evaluating the validity and reliability of fine and
      gross motor scales. In the process of examining three types of validity (domain,
      construct, discriminant) and two types of reliability (interobserver, decision
      making), it was found that there were marked deficiencies in most of the
      instruments currently available, particularly in the areas of discriminant
      validity and decision-making reliability. Each psychometric property of the
      scales was addressed from both scale-developer and user perspectives. An
      evaluative checklist is generated to assist occupational therapists who need to
      decide on the quality and appropriateness of a motor behavior scale for specific
      decision applications.

PMID- 155984
TI  - Athletic heart syndrome: some recent observations.

PMID- 155985
TI  - Clinical evaluation of automated processing of electrocardiograms by the Veterans
      Administration program (AVA 3.4).
AB  - Automated processing of electrocardiograms by the Veterans Administration program
      was evaluated for both agreement with physician interpretation and interpretative
      accuracy as assessed with nonelectrocardiographic criteria. One thousand
      unselected electrocardiograms were analyzed by two reviewer groups, one familiar
      and the other unfamiliar with the computer program. A significant number of
      measurement errors involving repolarization changes and left axis deviation
      occurred; however, interpretative disagreements related to statistical decision
      were largely language-related. Use of a printout with a more traditional format
      resulted in agreement with physician interpretation by both reviewer groups in
      more than 80 percent of cases. Overall sensitivity based on agreement with
      nonelectrocardiographic criteria was significantly greater with use of the
      computer program than with use of the conventional criteria utilized by the
      reviewers. This difference was particularly evident in the subgroup analysis of
      myocardial infarction and left ventricular hypertrophy. The degree of
      overdiagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy and posteroinferior infarction was
      initially unacceptable, but this difficulty was corrected by adjustment of
      probabilities. Clinical acceptability of the Veterans Administration program
      appears to require greater physician education than that needed for other
      computer programs of electrocardiographic analysis; the flexibility of
      interpretation by statistical decision offers the potential for better diagnostic
      accuracy.

PMID- 155986
TI  - Left ventricular radius to wall thickness ratio.
AB  - Left ventricular relative wall thickness, expressed as the ratio of end-diastolic
      radius to wall thickness (R/Th ratio), has a constant relation with left
      ventricular systolic pressure in children and adults with a normal heart,
      subjects with physiologic forms of cardiac hypertrophy (athletes) and patients
      with compensated chronic left ventricular volume overload (chronic aortic
      regurgitation). Greatly increased values for the radius/thickness ratio,
      suggesting inadequate hypertrophy, indicate a poor prognosis in patients with
      chronic aortic regurgitation and in those with congestive cardiomyopathy;
      decreased values for this ratio are found in patients with hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy (inappropriate hypertrophy) and in patients with compensated
      aortic stenosis (appropriate hypertrophy). In patients with compensated aortic
      stenosis, echocardiographic measurement of the left ventricular end-diastolic
      radius/wall thickness ratio has been used to estimate left ventricular systolic
      pressure. Measurement of left ventricular relative wall thickness appears to
      provide diagnostic and prognostic data in patients with a broad variety of
      cardiac disorders.

PMID- 155987
TI  - Fibrinolysis in familial pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Although an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance has been documented for many
      cases of primary pulmonary hypertension, the pathogenesis of the disease remains
      unclear. A report of abnormal fibrinolysis in familial pulmonary hypertension has
      raised the possibility that the pathogenesis may be related to an impaired
      ability to lyse recurrent pulmonary microemboli. Primary pulmonary hypertension
      was diagnosed in three of ten members of a kindred. The pattern of inheritance
      was compatible with an autosomal dominant gene. Eight members of the kindred were
      available for study, one of whom has primary pulmonary hypertension. The results
      of coagulation studies, caseinolytic determinations of plasminogen and
      antiplasmin, and fibrinolytic titers of antiurokinase did not differ
      significantly from those of the control group. These findings suggest that a
      deficient fibrinolytic system is not the cause of primary pulmonary hypertension,
      although differences in methodology may explain our inability to demonstrate
      abnormal circulating fibrinolysis in this kindred.

PMID- 155988
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot in adults. A report on 147 patients.
AB  - Presented here is the clinical and hemodynamic profile of 147 patients, above the
      age of 18 with tetralogy of Fallot. Cardiac catheterization and selective
      cineangiocardiography were performed in all. Infundibular pulmonary stenosis, a
      subaortic large infracristal ventricular septal defect, mitral-aortic fibrous
      continuity and equal pressures in both the ventricles and aorta were considered
      mandatory for the diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot. Cardiac enlargement was seen
      in 25.8 per cent of the patients, and 15.6 per cent were in congestive cardiac
      failure; 9.5 per cent had systemic hypertension, and aortic regurgitation was
      present in 6.7 per cent. A reticular pattern in the lung fields due to bronchial
      collaterals was seen in 23.1 per cent. The incidence of right aortic arch (19.9
      per cent), absent left pulmonary artery (2.8 per cent), absent right pulmonary
      artery (0.7 per cent) and dextrocardia (1.4 per cent) is brought out. The right
      atrial mean pressure was increased in 4.8 per cent and a prominent "a" wave
      greater than 10 mm Hg was present in 10.9 per cent. The right ventricular end
      diastolic pressure was increased in 23.8 per cent and the left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure in 25.9 per cent of the patients.

PMID- 155989
TI  - Parental speech to young Down's syndrome children: an intervention study.
AB  - Parents with Down's syndrome children who were at the one-two word stage of
      expressive language development were given a language objective to work towards
      with their child, but no instructions on how to attain this goal. The parents
      spontaneously altered their language strategies in their attempts. Some parents
      were more successful and differed in their strategies, using more target words in
      shorter "statement" utterances. Parents who used a questioning or imitating
      strategy were less successful. The less successful parents were then shown how to
      alter their language strategies more appropriately to produce a greater
      improvement in their child's use of the target words.

PMID- 155990
TI  - Use of laparoscopy to determine the microbiologic etiology of acute salpingitis.
AB  - To determine the microbiologic etiology of acute salpingitis, laparoscopy was
      used in 26 patients to obtain specimens for a variety of microorganisms directly
      from the fallopian tube. Simultaneous culdocentesis was performed to obtain
      peritoneal fluid for microbiologic analysis. A variety of microorganisms were
      isolated from the fallopian tubes and cul-de-sac aspirate. However, the organisms
      isolated from the fallopian tube were not consistent with the cul-de-sac
      isolates. It appears that direct culture from the fallopian tube may be necessary
      to determine the microbiologic etiology and pathogenesis of acute salpingitis. N.
      gonorrhoeae was isolated from the cul-de-sac in 32 per cent of cases and the
      fallopian tube in 19 per cent. In patients with endocervical gonorrhea, the
      gonococcus was isolated from the fallopian tube in 38.5 per cent of cases.
      Aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria were present in the cul-de-sac aspirate in 46
      per cent of patients and in the fallopian tube in 38 per cent.

PMID- 155991
TI  - Cow red blood cells. I. Effect of purines, pyrimidines, and nucleosides in bovine
      red cell glycolysis.
AB  - Cow red cells, under in vitro incubation conditions, exhibit a comparatively low
      glycolytic rate of 0.56 +/- 0.05 micromol/(ml cells.h), with a ratio of lactate
      formed to glucose consumed of 1.58. It has been found that this low glycolytic
      rate can be stimulated 50--60% above the basal level in the presence of a variety
      of purine and pyrimidine compounds including adenosine, inosine, adenine,
      hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uracil. In contrast, calf red cells, which have a
      much higher glycolytic rate, display no discernible response to these agents. In
      attempts to elucidate the mechanism by which this stimulation takes place, both
      glucose transport and glycolytic enzyme activities were determined in the
      presence of these stimulators. Glucose influx in cow red cells, measured using
      the glucose analog 3-O-methyl-glucose, exhibits both a low Km of 117 microM and a
      Vmax of 0.38 micromol/(ml cells.min), and is unaltered in the presence of
      adenosine. On the other hand, hexokinase, which in normal hemolysates of cow red
      cells has an activity of 0.49 +/- 0.03 micromol/(g Hb.min). was found to be
      stimulated to 0.73 micromol/(g Hb.min) in the presence of adenine. Both pyruvate
      kinase and phosphofructokinase were unaffected by this compound. These data
      suggest that certain purines and pyrimidine compounds may exert their stimulatory
      effect on hexokinase activity, resulting in an augmentation of cow red cell
      glycolysis.

PMID- 155992
TI  - Cardiac changes during behavioral stress in dogs.
AB  - Alterations in heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVP), and
      maximum rate of left ventricular pressure development (LV dP/dtmax) during a
      Sidman avoidance task were studied in eight chronically prepared dogs. Four of
      these animals comprised a nonstressed control group. In the experimental group,
      in addition to phasic increases in HR, LVP, and LV dP/dtmax during the avoidance
      period of each day, tonic increases in these measures were also observed over the
      13 days of the experiment. Left ventricular systolic pressure was found to be
      least sensitive to the stress procedure inasmuch as the phasic changes were no
      longer present after the 10th day and tonic levels were within base-line values
      by the 13th day. When alterations in cardiac activity were observed in the
      nonstressed animals, there were decreases in function. It was concluded that
      controlled behavioral stress produces increased cardiac performance without
      increased bodily activity. It was also hypothesized that preavoidance increases
      in heart rate in experimental animals were the result of vagal influences on the
      heart, whereas avoidance increases in HR, LV dP/dtmax, and LVP were functions of
      increased beta-sympathetic activity on the heart and adaptive peripheral vascular
      changes.

PMID- 155993
TI  - Effect of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine alterations on reflex bradycardia in rats.
AB  - The vasopressor and bradycardia responses to an intravenous dose of epinephrine
      were assessed in saline-controlled, 5-hydroxytryptamine-(5-HT) depleted, and 5-HT
      potentiated rats. Regardless of the previous treatment epinephrine produced an
      insignificant change in the basal levels of mean arterial pressure and heart
      rate. However, brain serotonin alteration did produce some influences on the
      reflex bradycardia in response to an elevation in arterial pressure. Elevating 5
      HT contents in brain with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) after peripheral
      decarboxylase inhibition with Ro 4-4602 produced a significant reduction in
      reflex bradycardia compared to the controls. In contrast, depleting 5-HT contents
      in brain with either p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7
      DHT) led to an enhancement of epinephrine-induced bradycardia. Moreover, the
      enhanced reflex bradycardia induced by PCPA treatment was readily blocked by the
      replacement of the depleted brain 5-HT with 5-HTP and Ro 4-4602. The results
      suggest that serotoninergic systems play a role in the elaboration or modulation
      of reflex bradycardia. Specifically, 5-HT appears to inhibit reflex bradycardia
      since its depletion facilitated and its elevation inhibited reflex bradycardia.

PMID- 155994
TI  - Diabetes, dietary tryptophan, and protein intake regulation in weanling rats.
AB  - The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and tryptophan content of the
      protein fed on protein intake regulation by weanling rats selecting from 10 and
      60% casein diets were evaluated. In uncompensated diabetes the ratio of
      tryptophan to other selected neutral amino acids in plasma and brain tryptophan
      were reduced, protein intake per unit of body weight was increased, and
      serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and norepinephrine were unaffected.
      Enrichment of the tryptophan content of the ingested protein caused a decrease in
      protein, but not energy consumption of both diabetic and nondiabetic rats. The
      reduction in protein intake correlated inversely with increases in the tryptophan
      content relative to the neutral amino acids in plasma and with increases in brain
      tryptophan and serotonin levels in both diabetic and nondiabetic rats. The data
      suggest that protein-feeding behavior is regulated by a mechanism that includes
      brain serotonergic activity with insulin, through its influence on circulating
      amino acids, determining the quantity of protein consumed in relation to body
      weight.

PMID- 155995
TI  - Enzyme assays using permeabilized cells of Neurospora.

PMID- 155996
TI  - Familial lymphoproliferative malignancy: clinical and laboratory follow-up.

PMID- 155997
TI  - Post-weaning heart development and dietary lipid level in the male rat: evolution
      of lipoprotein lipase activity.
AB  - The wet weight evolution and specific and total lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
      activities of the heart were studied in male rats fed with diets containing 4, 12
      or 21 p. 100 lipids from 50 g (3 weeks age) to 400 g body weight (13 weeks of
      age). The animals were compared at 100, 150, 200 and 400 g. The main results show
      that:--a lipid-rich diet caused some cardiac hypertrophy beginning at 100 g body
      weight:--specific LPL activity (activity/g of wet tissue) in the 50-400 g
      interval was higher when the diet contained more lipids;--when the diet contained
      4 p. 100 and 12 p. 100 lipids, specific LPL activity decreased from weaning until
      a plateau was reached at 200 g body weight. On the other hand, when the diet
      contained 21 p. 100 lipids, specific LPL activity increased to a maximum in the
      150-200 g interval; it then declined rapidly so that at 400 g there were no
      longer significant differences between the specific LPL cardiac activities of the
      three groups of animals. The activities thus became independant of the dietary
      lipid level;--total LPL cardiac activity was higher when the diet contained more
      lipids, at least up to the 400 g stage. When the diet contained 4 and 12 p. 100
      lipids, the activity increased linearly in the 100-400 g interval. When the diet
      contained 21 p. 100 lipids, it increased very rapidly in the 50-200 g interval
      then decreased in the 200-400 g interval. In the latter interval, the differences
      between LPL activities of the three groups were less so that at 400 g there was
      only significant difference between the extreme high and low lipid groups. Thus,
      as specific activity, total LPL cardiac activity tended to become independent of
      dietary lipid level when the animals became adult.

PMID- 155998
TI  - Chloracne--an up to date assessment.

PMID- 155999
TI  - [Effects of prolactin on nucleo-proteic metabolism in gill epithelium of two
      euryhalin mullets, Chelon labrosus and Liza ramada during fresh-water adaptation
      (author's transL)].
AB  - Prolactin (PRL) treatment induced a decrease in DNA content in SW, -- an increase
      in FW 8 days, -- and no effect in FW 20 days fish. In "nuclear", "microsomal" and
      "supernatant" centrifugation fractions, RNA content was increased in SW, --
      decreased in FW 8 days, by PRL treatment while a little increase was observed in
      FW 20 days fish with an increase of 14C leucine and 3H uridine incorporation.
      These results are discussed with reference to existence of two chloride-cell
      types.

PMID- 156000
TI  - Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles in diseases other than senile and presenile
      dementia.
AB  - A brief description is given of neurofibrillary changes of the paired helical
      filament type in a variety of chronic neurological diseases. These include
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, lead encephalopathy, tuberous sclerosis,
      Down syndrome, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, and lipofuscinosis. In these
      conditions, with the exception of Hallervorden-Spatz disease neurofibrillary
      changes were previously recognized but paired helical filaments were identified
      only in some cases. Moreover, in the present series, the age of patients at death
      was often younger than in previously recorded cases.

PMID- 156001
TI  - [Polyresistance to antibiotics in S. typhimurium isolated in Baku].

PMID- 156002
TI  - [Experimental study of the effectiveness of antibacterial preparations in
      treating dysentery].
AB  - It was found that for successful elaboration of effective schemes for the use of
      antibacterial drugs in treatment of dysentery it was necessary to exploit various
      experimental models providing consideration of the drug toxicity and effect on
      the extra- and intracellular growth of the bacteria in addition to the other
      factors. The administration of enteroceptol for 3 days followed by furazolidon
      showed the best therapeutic effect in the treatment of guinea pigs with Shigella
      keratoconjunctivitis and Syrian hamsters with dysentery. The above drugs had low
      toxicity which was shown in the experiments with Hep-2 cell cultures. It was
      concluded that the use of the drugs with different modes of action was advisable
      in treatment of dysentery.

PMID- 156003
TI  - Human erythrocyte Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase: mechanism of stimulation by Ca2+.

PMID- 156004
TI  - Evidence for the nuclear location of the gene for chloroplast elongation factor
      G.

PMID- 156005
TI  - The structure of a hexamer of phosphofructokinase: size and shape of a
      crosslinked hexamer of phosphofructokinase.

PMID- 156006
TI  - An acne grading method using photographic standards.
AB  - A grading system for following the clinical course of acne was devised in which
      overall severity of acne is evaluated on a zero to eight scale anchored to
      photographic standards that illustrate grades 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. Experience with
      use of this system in large-scale clinical trials has shown it to be useful and
      reliable. Photographs taken at each visit create a permanent and regradable
      record of each subject's clinical status throughout the course of treatment.

PMID- 156007
TI  - Generalized connective tissue nevi and ichthyosis in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 156008
TI  - Epidermal nevus with cutaneous endocrinal associations.

PMID- 156009
TI  - Zinc, essential fatty acids, and prostaglandins.

PMID- 156010
TI  - Fibrin deposition in fixed drug eruption.

PMID- 156011
TI  - Complicated intestinal atresias.
AB  - In this group of 45 intestinal atresia patients (duodenum, 16; jejunum, 24; ileum
      five) at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, individual
      hospitalizations ranged up to 245 days. Twelve patients required multiple
      operations, and the overall mortality rate was 22% (ten patients). While the
      patients with duodenal atresia had the greatest incidence of other congenital
      anomalies, including Down's syndrome, the patients with jejunal atresia presented
      with the most challenging surgical problems. Of the 24 jejunal atresia patients,
      only three had a single, simple area of obstruction. The remainder were
      complicated by other gastrointestinal lesions (five patients), by multiple areas
      of atresia (seven patients) including those in one surviving patient with 22
      separate atretic segments, and by the Christmas tree deformity (nine patients).
      Intraoperative management of the complicated atresia should include: 1) grouping
      of multiple atresias during resection, 2) adequate resection of the dilated
      proximal atonic loop, 3) end-to-end anastomoses, 4) avoidance of intraluminal
      catheters, 5) additional resection of a segment of the distal loop in the
      Christmas tree deformity and 6) consideration of the shish kebab technique for
      multiple atretic webs. Postoperative management should involve early intravenous
      nutrition and repeated exploration for continued obstruction.

PMID- 156012
TI  - Steroids in the rete testis fluid of fertile male rabbits.

PMID- 156013
TI  - [Myocardiopathy of Friedreich's disease. Apropos of a series of 17 observations].

PMID- 156014
TI  - [Gastroschisis: study of a series of 50 cases from 1960 to 1976 and therapeutic
      indications].
AB  - Fifty cases of gastroschisis were treated at the Hopital des Enfants Malades from
      1960 to 1976. Up to 1973, 90% of the babies died. From 1974-1976, 17 infants were
      treated and 10 (59%) were cured. The authors emphasise the importance of
      intravenous feeding, the prevention of infections and intensive respiratory care.
      Complete intestinal ileus for more than one month is associated with a bad
      prognosis. The use of drugs and further surgery in this situation in discussed.

PMID- 156015
TI  - [Development of neuromuscular spindles in the muscles of the floor of the human
      oral cavity during intrauterine development].
AB  - By means of histological, neurohistological, histochemical and morphometrical
      techniques the development, number and histotopography of neuromuscular spindles
      have been studied in 860 muscles of the mouth cavity fundus obtained from 108
      human embryos, fetuses and newborns. In genioglossal and in geniohyoid muscles,
      the spindles are layed down at the 7th week of gestation. Their differentiation
      starts at the 9th week -- with forming the first sensitive endings, nuclear bursa
      and cellular elements of the spindle capsule. By the 14th week, the subcapsular
      space becomes evident, and by the 20th week of embryogenesis neuromuscular
      spindles resemble definitive structures. In the anterior belly of the digastric
      muscle, the foundation and initial differentiation of the spindles is retarded.
      The mylohyoid muscle has no spindles. Morphogenesis of neuromuscular spindles has
      been studied with special reference to the beginning of functional activity of
      the fundal muscles in the mouth cavity during embryogenesis in view of the theory
      of systemogenesis.

PMID- 156016
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of villous chorionic polysaccharides during the
      first 3 months of human uterine and tubal pregnancy].
AB  - Qualitative composition of polysaccharides has been studied in 100 chorions of
      human fetuses, 3.5--12 weeks of embryonic development, 40 of them have been
      obtained from tubal pregnansies. It has been stated that in villous stroma of the
      tubal pregnancy at the 4--5th week of gestation, sulphate polysaccharides appear
      that demonstrates an earlier maturation of villi at this type of pregnancy. It is
      possible that in the formation of intracellular substance of the villous stroma
      together with fibroblasts Kastschenko -- Hoffbauer's cells also participate. A
      characteristic feature for the tubal pregnancy is the appearance of
      distrophically changed villi beginning from the 4th week of gestation. In
      plasmodiotrophoblast of such villi the amount of Hale-positive and PAS-positive
      substances is sharply decreasing, and neutral polysaccharides, chondroitin-4
      sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate and dermatan-sulfate (small amount) are
      intensively accumulating in the stroma.

PMID- 156018
TI  - Huntington's chorea and bromocriptine.

PMID- 156017
TI  - Studies of antithyroid antibodies in Down's syndrome.
AB  - The presence of antithyroid antibodies (antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal) in
      serum of patients with Down's syndrome and their respective mothers were studied
      based on data from the literature, showing a possible correlation between the
      presence of these antibodies in the serum of mothers and the birth of mongoloid
      children. Antithyroid antibodies were studied in 40 patients with Down's
      syndrome, with ages ranging from 5 months to 21 years old, 24 males and 16
      females and in the respective mothers whose ages varied from 22 to 66 years. In
      none of the analyzed sera of the mongoloids as well of their mothers, the authors
      were able to detect the antithyroid antibodies studied.

PMID- 156019
TI  - [Management of the child in the pedodontic office. Use of psychological
      knowledge].

PMID- 156020
TI  - Modifications of the local immune response to Vibrio cholerate attributed to the
      intestinal microbial flora of the mouse.
AB  - Oral immunisation studies in germfree, specific pathogen-free (SPF) and
      conventionalised mice illustrated that the autochthonous gut flora can have a
      suppressive effect on the induction of a local intestinal immune response to
      Vibrio cholerae. Temporary colonisation of the small bowel by viable vibrios
      occurred only in the germfree animal. The lack of colonisation in SPF and
      conventionalised mice was presumably a cause of their lower coproantibody
      responses. Prevention of colonisation was probably due to bacterial antagonism
      rather than to cross-reaction antibodies. This conclusion was reinforced by
      studies involving oral immunisation of SPF mice maintained on streptomycin, and
      of conventionalised ex germfree mice. In addition to the increased protective
      coporantibody response of animals with reduced gut flora, there were increased
      levels of non-complement-fixing protective antibodies in their serum, which were
      probably derived from the guy lamina propria.

PMID- 156021
TI  - Purification and properties of the adenosine triphosphatase released from the
      liver mitochondrial membrane by chloroform.
AB  - 1. Soluble ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) activity is released when rat liver
      submitochondrial particles are shaken with chloroform, provided that ATP or
      glycerol is present in the suspending medium. The extraction is very rapid and
      appears to be complete. 2. The ATPase of the chloroform extract is about 50% pure
      and can be readily purified to a specific activity of 60-70mumol/min per mg of
      protein by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation and column chromatography on Sephadex G
      200. 3. The particulate and soluble ATPases have many similar properties,
      including their K(m) values for ATP, activation by various metal ions, hydrolytic
      activity with other nucleotides and stimulation by bicarbonate ions. 4. Unlike
      the particulate enzyme, the soluble enzyme is cold-labile and insensitive to
      oligomycin. 5. The molecular weight indicated by the mobility of the soluble
      ATPase on Sepharose 6B is 360000. 6. The soluble ATPase combines very readily
      with liver submitochondrial particles depleted of ATPase by salt extraction, and
      oligomycin-sensitivity is restored. Very little recombination of the enzyme
      occurs with chloroform-extracted particles. 7. The soluble enzyme contains
      orcinol-reactive material, suggesting that it may be a glycoprotein. The
      carbohydrate content was estimated to be 1-2% by weight. 8. It is concluded that
      the liver ATPase obtained by the chloroform extraction method of Beechey,
      Hubbard, Linnett, Mitchell & Munn [(1975) Biochem. J.148, 533-537] is similar to
      other preparations described previously and that this method is superior in
      simplicity and speed.

PMID- 156022
TI  - Mixed anhydrides of nucleotides and mesitylenecarboxylic acid as new specific
      inhibitors of mitochondrial adenosien triphosphatase.
AB  - Mixed anhydrides of nucleoside triphosphates and mesitylenecarboxylic acid
      inhibit soluble mitochondrial ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase), but do not
      inhibit ATPase of submitochondrial particles. Inhibition of soluble mitochondrial
      ATPase by the mixed anhydride of epsilon-ATP and mesitylenecarboxylic acid is
      followed by the covalent binding of one nucleotide residue to a molecule of the
      protein. It is suggested that this covalent binding occurs in the catalytic site
      of the mitochondrial ATPase. The mixed anhydride of ADP and mesitylenecarboxylic
      acid inhibits the ATPase activity of submitochondrial particles and has no effect
      on the activity of soluble mitochondrial ATPase. After separation of the
      submitochondrial particles from the mixed anhydride of ADP and
      mesitylenecarboxylic acid, their ATPase activity is restored to its original
      value (half-time of reactivation 3--4 min). Incubation of submitochondrial
      particles or soluble mitochondrial ATPase with the mixed anhydride of ADP and
      mesitylenecarboxylic acid results in AMP formation.

PMID- 156023
TI  - Effects of fluorescamine labeling on mitochondrial ATPase activity.

PMID- 156024
TI  - Effect of stress by repeated immobilization on hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase
      activity and ethanol metabolism.

PMID- 156025
TI  - Effects of anesthetics, dibucaine and methoxyflurane on the ATPase activity and
      physical state of Tetrahymena surface membranes.

PMID- 156027
TI  - Administration of progesterone and progestogens in chronical liver injury.

PMID- 156026
TI  - Long term chrysotherapy: incidence of toxicity and efficacy during sequential
      time periods.
AB  - The frequency and incidence of certain forms of toxicity in patients receiving
      long term chrysotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis have been reliably calculated
      for defined, sequential time periods. Ninety-four patients who received 100
      courses of gold therapy for a total treatment period of 134.4 patient-years were
      followed at one gold therapy clinic. For the period of 0--3 months, the
      incidences of rash, mouth ulcer, and proteinuria were 9.8, 4.0, and 1.8 episodes
      per 10,000 patients/month, respectively. However, the incidence of these forms of
      toxicity decreased progressively in subsequent time periods of continued
      chrysotherapy. No similar decrease was noted in the incidence of
      thrombocytopenia, but it would appear that the methodology used in monitoring
      significantly affects the incidence of clinically important thrombocytopenia. No
      predictive correlates could be determined for patients who had gone into
      sustained remission. However, the data strongly suggest that patients who improve
      within 6 months may continue chrysotherapy for at least up to 3 years with an
      increasing margin of safety for mucocutaneous and renal toxicity.

PMID- 156028
TI  - The sexual cycle in rats during progesterone and progestogen treatment.

PMID- 156029
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of fominoben-HCl in the dog and the rabbit (author's transl)].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of 3'-chloro-2'-(N-methyl-N-[(morpholino-carbonyl)-methyl]
      aminomethyl)benzanilide-hydrochloride (P-B 89 Cl, fominoben-HCl, Noleptan) was
      studied in dog and rabbit following a dose of 3 mg/kg on i.v. and p.o.
      administration of the 44C-labelled compound. Absorption: The compound is absorbed
      fast in the dog and very fast in the rabbit. Practically the entire dose is
      absorbed by the two species. Maximum levels in blood: dog 0.5 microgram/ml,
      rabbit 0.8 microgram/ml, in the plasma: dog 0.6 microgram/ml, rabbit 1.2
      microgram/ml at 1--2 h p.a. and 15--30 min p.a. Elimination: The elimination from
      blood and plasma proceeds biphasically. 1st half-life: 1--2 h, 2nd half-life: 19-
      27 h (higher values for the rabbit). The dog eliminates preponderantly via the
      bile with the faeces, the rabbit via the kidneys: Dog: 19% in urine and 63% in
      faeces, rabbit 79% in urine and 16% in faeces, measured up to 96 h p.a. One
      rabbit excreted 70% via the urine up to 7 h p.a. The half-lives of urinary
      elimination are very well comparable with the figures for plasma.
      Biotransformation: Plasma (maximum level): Dog: Visible amounts of parent
      compound (M0), Rabbit: Traces M0, much M2. Urine (0--24 h p.a.): Dog: Traces: M0,
      Rabbit: Traces M0, much M2.

PMID- 156030
TI  - [Therapeutic results in chronic airways obstruction of a combination of
      oxyethyltheophylline and fominoben by injection and infusion (author's transl)].

PMID- 156032
TI  - [Protective effect of beta-blocking on myocardial hypertrophy caused by aortic
      stenosis in the rat].

PMID- 156033
TI  - [Comparative study of the protection effect of some digitalics on myocardial
      hypertrophy caused by aortic stenosis in the rat].

PMID- 156034
TI  - [Determination of intraventricular volumes by a new echocardiographic method.
      Preliminary report].

PMID- 156031
TI  - [Measurement of global diffusion capacity for CO, membrane diffusion capacity for
      CO and capillary blood volume in patients with bronchial emphysema after
      fominoben HCl. Short- and long-time trials (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of 3'-chloro-2'-(N-methyl-N-[(morpholino-carbonyl)methyl]-aminomethyl)
      benzanilide hydrochloride (fominoben HCl, P-B 89 Cl, Noleptan) on the global and
      membrane diffusion capacities and on the capillary blood volume in patients with
      emphysematous bronchitis is described. All 3 parameters, independent of the
      severity of the emphysema and the resulting respiratory insufficiency, are
      increased. It can thus be concluded that fominoben by improving the ventilation
      perfusion ratio leads to an enlargement of the active diffusion surface
      (capillary surface), from which the increase in the global diffusion capacity
      results. The site of action of fominoben for its positive effect on respiration
      is thus established as being in the alveoli.

PMID- 156036
TI  - [Significance of the electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular
      hypertrophy in the light of echocardiographic acquisitions].

PMID- 156035
TI  - [Role of echocardiography in patients with prior myocardial infarct].

PMID- 156037
TI  - [Comparative study of plasma levels of renin and aldosterone activity in
      essential arterial hypertension in relation to duration of the disease and the
      presence of complications].

PMID- 156039
TI  - In vivo behaviour of some antithrombin III-protease complexes.

PMID- 156040
TI  - Determination of the association of myosin subfragment 1 with actin in the
      presence of ATP.

PMID- 156038
TI  - Plasminogen activation transforms the morphology of quiescent 3T3 cell monolayers
      and initiates growth.
AB  - Plasminogen activator of cell origin converts the plasma protein plasminogen to
      the proteolytic enzyme plasmin. Recently, high levels of activator have been
      observed to be particularly associated with tumours and transformed cells, and a
      functional relationship between plasminogen activation and malignancy has been
      proposed. In this paper we have attempted to induce transformation-like
      morphology and growth in a population of confluent quiescent cells in tissue
      culture, by inducing plasminogen activation. Untransformed 3T3 cells grown to
      confluence in plasminogen-free medium were subjected to plasminogen activation by
      the addition of urokinase and plasminogen or plasminogen-containing acid-treated
      serum, or plasmin. Under these conditions, the previously well ordered monolayers
      became disrupted, with multilayering, and discontinuities in the cell sheet, and
      the cells simultaneously grew to significantly higher densities. Removal of the
      plasmin-containing medium supplements effected some restoration of normal
      morphology. Thus, lhen plasmin was present 3T3 cells did not become transformed,
      but expresses transformation-like features. Well ordered monolayer morphology and
      quiescence in 3T3 cells at confluence are therefore dependent upon the absence of
      plasminogen activation.

PMID- 156041
TI  - Temperature-jump study of the interaction of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase
      with adenylyl imidodiphosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate.

PMID- 156044
TI  - (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activator: its presence in human red blood cells and rabbit
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - We find that both human red blood cells and rabbit skeletal muscle contain a
      soluble activator which can stimulate (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity. The
      activator protein from either source can enhance the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase of both
      the red blood cell membrane and the microsomal fraction from skeletal muscle. The
      data suggest that they are members of the class of Ca2+-binding modulator
      proteins. A possible physiological role for the skeletal muscle activator protein
      in the contractile process is discussed.

PMID- 156042
TI  - Isolation of plasma membrane vesicles, derived from transverse tubules, by
      selective homogenization of subcellular fractions of frog skeletal muscle in
      isotonic media.
AB  - A new technique for isolating fragmented plasma membranes from skeletal muscle
      has been developed that is based on gentle mechanical disruption of selected
      homogenate fractions. (Na+ + K+)-stimulated, Mg2+-dependent ATPase was used as an
      enzymatic marker for the plasma membrane, Ca2+-stimulated, Mg2+-dependent ATPase
      as a marker for sarcoplasmic reticulum, and succinate dehydrogenase for
      mitochondria. Cell segments in an amber low-speed (800 x g) pellet of a frog
      muscle homogenate were disrupted by repeated gentle shearing with a Polytron
      homogenizer. Sarcoplasmic reticulum was released into the low-speed supernatant,
      whereas most of the plasma membrane marker remained in a white, fluffy layer of
      the sediment, which contained sarcolemma and myofibrils. Additional gentle
      shearing of the white low-speed sediment extracted plasma membranes in a form
      that required centrifugation at 100,000 x g for pelleting. This pellet, the
      fragmented plasma membrane fraction, had a relatively high specific activity of
      (Na+ + K+)-stimulated ATPase compared with the other fractions, but it had
      essentially no Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity and only a small percentage of the
      succinate dehydrogenase activity of the homogenate. Experimental evidence
      suggests that the fragmented plasma membrane fraction is derived from delicate
      transverse tubules rather than from the thicker, basement membrane-coated
      sarcolemmal sheath of muscle cells. Electron microscopy showed small vesicles
      lined bu a single thin membrane. Hydroxyproline, a characteristic constituent of
      collagen and basememt membrane, could not be detected in this fraction.

PMID- 156043
TI  - The application of chemical crosslinking for studies on cell membranes and the
      identification of surface reporters.

PMID- 156046
TI  - Vocalization and looking behaviour of Down's syndrome infants.
AB  - The effect of contingent and non-contingent vocal stimulation on vocalization and
      looking behaviour was investigated for 10 Down's syndrome infants. There were two
      experimental sessions consisting of four stages, namely 1 min base-line, 1 min
      experimental condition, a further 1 min base-line and a final 2 min experimental
      condition. Maternal vocal stimulation was contingent upon infant vocalization for
      the experimental conditions of one session and was presented every 10 s
      independent of infant vocalization for the experimental conditions of the other
      session. Neither condition increased infant vocalization but there was a
      significant decrease in looking at mother during the base-line stages which
      followed maternal vocalization (F = 5.07, d.f. = 4, 28, P less than 0.01). It is
      suggested that looking behaviour may be an important indication of competence in
      pre-linguistic social communication for developmentally delayed infants.

PMID- 156045
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of different forms of
      phosphofructokinase in man.
AB  - Phosphofructokinase (ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.1.11) from human muscle, brain, heart and granulocytes has been purified
      using a two or three step purification procedure. The main step is Blue Dextran
      Sepharose 4B chromatography with selective elution of phosphofructokinase by
      formation of the ternary complex ADP or ATP-fructose-6-P-enzyme. Muscle and heart
      contain only enzyme subunits with a molecular weight of 85,000. This type of
      subunit is predominnant in brain, where it co-exists with subunits of about
      80,000 daltons. A single type of subunits is found in the granulocytes, with a
      molecular weight of 80,000. Anti-muscle phosphofructokinase antiserum reacts only
      with M-type enzyme. Anti-granulocyte enzyme antiserum, absorbed by pure brain
      phosphofructokinase, exhibits a narrow specificity against the so-called L-type
      enzyme. Anti-brain antiserum, absorbed by pure muscle phosphofructokinase and
      partly purified red cell enzyme, exhibits a narrow specificity against a
      phosphofructokinase form predominant in fibroblasts and present in brain (F
      type).

PMID- 156047
TI  - A radiological approach to infertility--hysterosalpingography.
AB  - The hysterosalpingograms of 98 patients with infertility were reviewed with
      reference to technical problems, radiological features of each pathology and
      accuracy of reporting. Findings were confirmed by review of the reports of
      laparotomy or laparoscopy on all patients. Of the total number of fallopian tubes
      investigated (196), 70 hydrosalpinges were correctly diagnosed from a total of
      77. Agreement between HSG and operation was achieved in 123 of 127 fallopian
      tubes with peritubal adhesions, in all six of those with cornual spasm and in
      eight with cornual occlusion. In 16 of 20 fallopian tubes with partial distal
      occlusion, reporting was correct. With the potential accuracy of HSG diagnosis,
      we contend that it should be a preliminary procedure in every case, and in many
      may be the only investigation of tubal patency required prior to surgery or
      conservative management.

PMID- 156048
TI  - Fissuring of the posterior annulus fibrosus in the lumbar spine.
AB  - Severe back-ache in young adults may present a difficult clinical problem when
      the absence of neurological signs results in delayed diagnosis. Fourteen
      patients, with discographic evidence of posterior annular fissuring are reported.
      The discrepancy between painful disability and negative radiographic examination
      including radiculography is stressed. Discography has proved to be the
      investigation of choice in these patients. This will demonstrate the morphology
      of the lesion and reproduce the symptomatology in the majority of cases. The
      clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 156049
TI  - Abdominal tuberculosis.

PMID- 156050
TI  - Are they being served?

PMID- 156051
TI  - Are they being served?

PMID- 156052
TI  - Dialysis and transplantation in young children.

PMID- 156053
TI  - Back pain--what can we offer?

PMID- 156054
TI  - Prevalence of facial acne vulgaris in late adolescence and in adults.
AB  - A survey of 1066 healthy women and 1089 healthy men aged 18-70 years, performed
      to determine the prevalence of facial acne, showed that clinical acne was not
      confined to adolescents. Though it was more prevalent among men than women at 18,
      beyond the age of 23 clinical acne was more prevalent among women as the
      prevalence in men gradually declined. At 40-49 years 3% of men and 5% of women
      still had definite, albeit mild, clinical acne, and at 50-59 years 6% of men and
      8% of women had physiological acne. The surprisingly high prevalence of acne in
      adults may be related to antibiotic treatment or, in women, to the use of oral
      contraceptives or cosmetics, though this survey did not study their influence.
      Further studies in different populations are needed to establish the prevalence
      of acne in the community, and its distribution.

PMID- 156055
TI  - Drug eruption or psoriasis?

PMID- 156056
TI  - Exemption from compulsory wearing of seat belts--medical indications.

PMID- 156057
TI  - Raphe origin of serotonin-containing neurons within choroid plexus of the rat.

PMID- 156058
TI  - [Effectiveness of fenalgin SPOFA in lumboischiadic syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 156059
TI  - Bicarbonate-activated ATPase activity in renal cortex of chronically acidotic
      rats.
AB  - The effect of chronic NH4Cl-induced acidosis on the activity of a bicarbonate
      activated component of ATPase was studied in homogenates of renal tissue from
      Wistar rats. This particular component of ATPase, which is maximally stimulated
      by 50 mM bicarbonate, and is insensitive to the action of ouabain, has been
      implicated in the active transport of bicarbonate in various tissues. The
      activity of this enzyme in cortical homogenates from an acidotic group of animals
      was 4.3 +/- 0.4 mumol Pi/mg protein per hour compared with 5.8 +/- 0.3 mumol
      Pi/mg protein per hour in a control group (p less than 0.02). No significant
      change in bicarbonate ATPase activity was observed in medullary homogenates, and
      NaK-ATPase activity remained the same in cortex and medulla of both groups.
      Subcellular fractionation of the cortical tissue homogenates revealed that
      bicarbonate ATPase activity in a microsomal fraction from acidotic animals was
      6.5 +/- 1.1 mumol Pi/mg protein per hour compared with 9.4 +/- 1.2 mumol Pi/mg
      protein per hour in control animals (p less than 0.02). Bicarbonate ATPase
      activity in other subcellular fractions was not different in the two groups of
      animals. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that a certain
      percentage of bicarbonate reabsorption in the nephron is mediated by a
      bicarbonate-activated component of ATPase.

PMID- 156060
TI  - Action of oxytocin on mammary gland: influence of hypotonicity.
AB  - The enhancement of the response of an isolated strip of lactating mouse mammary
      gland to oxytocin, resulting from dilution of the Tyrode solution in which
      oxytocin is administered, is due to the effects of hypotonicity per se and not to
      changes in concentration of any of the ions in the bathing solution. Inhibition
      of membrane ATPase also causes an enhancement, which is probably due to
      activation of a secondary facilitating mechanism, rather than to enhancement of
      the entire train of oxytocin-induced reactions. A variety of conditions which
      alter the response to oxytocin have the same effect on the response to
      acetylcholine. Hypotonicity can therefore increase the sensitivity of this
      bioassay for oxytocin, but not its selectivity.

PMID- 156061
TI  - Treatment of aortoiliac disease by axillofemoral artery bypass.
AB  - Between July 1, 1971 and June 30, 1977, 45 axillofemoral artery bypass procedures
      were performed on 39 men and 5 women whose average age was 67.7 years. Twenty
      four patients received 25 unilateral axillofemoral bypasses; the remaining 20
      patients underwent axillobifemoral artery procedures. The indication for surgery
      in 42 patients was limb salvage; the other 2 had infected aortic prostheses. All
      patients in the former group had serious associated disorders which would have
      made a conventional intra-abdominal procedure hazardous. The early mortality was
      2.3% and the late mortality 29.6%. Of these 45 grafts 20 became occluded;
      however, 8 of the occluded grafts were successfully revised and have remained
      patent. For the 25 unilateral grafts at risk the 5-year cumulative patency rate
      determined by life-table methods was 50.6% and for the 20 bilateral grafts it was
      89.7%. Our experience indicates that axillobifemoral bypass has a significantly
      (P less than 0.02) higher patency rate than unilateral axillofemoral bypass and
      is an acceptable alternative to conventional intra-abdominal procedures in
      elderly and poor-risk patients with aortoiliac disease.

PMID- 156062
TI  - Pyogenic infections of the adult spine.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 61 patients forms the basis for this paper's comment
      on three major types of pyogenic spinal disease. The first group consists of 22
      patients with vertebral osteomyelitis and intervertebral discitis. The second
      group comprises 22 patients in whom the diagnosis of pyogenic spinal disease was
      made only after failure of discectomy. In retrospect they were shown to have
      atypical degenerative disc disease and were similar to the first group. The third
      group of 17 patients, while demonstrating some similarities to the second group,
      represents true postdiscectomy wound infection. An understanding of the clinical
      presentation and pathophysiology of pyogenic disease of the spine allows it to be
      distinguished preoperatively from degenerative disc disease which superficially
      it resembles. Further, true postdiscectomy wound infection can be distinguished
      from pyogenic spinal disease misdiagnosed preoperatively. The differences in the
      results of treatment of these three groups warrant such distinctions.

PMID- 156063
TI  - Extragenital adenomatoid tumor: Evidence for the mesothelial theory of origin.
AB  - The histogenesis of so-called adenomatoid tumors has been contested. Doubts as to
      a mesothelial derivation often have been based on the belief that adenomatoid
      tumors originate exclusively in or nearby genital tract organs. This report
      documents a histologically typical adenomatoid tumor which developed in the
      mesentery of the small intestine. Extensive clinical investigations and an
      uneventful 3-year postoperative follow-up interval confirmed that the tumor was
      not a metastatic adenocarcinoma or malignant mesothelioma. The extragenital site
      of origin of this neoplasm provides additional corroborative evidence for the
      mesothelial origin of adenomatoid tumors. Regardless of their anatomic location,
      these distinctive neoplasms should be classified as benign adenomatoid
      mesotheliomas.

PMID- 156065
TI  - Mechanism of induction of gastrointestinal toxicity in the mouse by 5
      fluorouracil, 5-fluorouridine, and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine.

PMID- 156066
TI  - Experimental and clinical studies on the formation of antibodies to
      neocarzinostatin, a new protein antibiotic.
AB  - The injection of clinical doses of neocarzinostatin (NCS) in guinea pigs did not
      result in antibody formation as judged by immunoelectrosyneresis, micro
      Ouchterlony agar diffusion, fluorescence polarization, and passive cutaneous
      anaphylaxis reaction. This confirmed previous work on passive hemagglutination
      and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in a heterocytotropic system in guinea
      pigs. Forty-eight serum samples from 28 patients who were previously treated with
      NCS alone (8--161 mg) for a period of 8-85 days did not show any sign of antibody
      formation as revealed by immunoelectrosyneresis, micro-Ouchterlony agar
      diffusion, and fluorescence polarization techniques. In a homocytotropic system,
      the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction was carried out with sera of
      sensitized guinea pigs and test guinea pigs which revealed that no IgE and IgA
      antibody to NCS was present in the sensitized sera. Those patients with bladder
      cancer who did not respond to NCS therapy or exhibit any side effects even after
      21 mg were found to have proteolytic activity in their sera which degraded NCS
      very rapidly as revealed by the fluorescence polarization technique.

PMID- 156064
TI  - Stimulation of human chorionic gonadotropin by JAr line choriocarcinoma after
      inhibition of DNA synthesis.
AB  - Treatment of choriocarcinoma cells (JAr line) for 24 hr with methotrexate,
      fluorodeoxyuridine, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, or hydroxyurea, in doses
      that inhibit DNA synthesis, results in a 2.5- to 12-fold increase in human
      chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) synthesis. Under the conditions of use, these agents
      do not significantly depress RNA or protein synthesis. Simultaneous addition of
      thymidine with methotrexate or fluorodeoxyuridine and of deoxycytidine with 1
      beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine blocks the HCG stimulation. Despite a rapid
      inhibition of DNA synthesis, HCG stimulation is gradual and reaches a peak after
      drug removal. Decline in HCG synthesis is coincident with recovery of DNA
      synthesis, and there is a positive correlation between the duration of inhibition
      of DNA synthesis and the amount of HCG increase. Although most of the
      methotrexate-induced stimulation of HCG synthesis occurs after methotrexate
      removal, preventing protein synthesis during the exposure to methotrexate
      abrogates the increase. The stimulation of HCG synthesis by methotrexate is more
      sensitive to protein synthesis inhibition during the first 12 hr of a 24-hr
      exposure than it is during the second 12 hr. Thus, in accord with the kinetics,
      specificity, dose dependence, and protein synthesis requirement, HCG synthesis
      seems to be stimulated as a direct consequence of inhibition of DNA synthesis,
      with a requirement for some other protein synthesis-dependent event(s) preceding
      the stimulation.

PMID- 156067
TI  - Phase I study of neocarzinostatin in children with cancer.
AB  - Twenty-three children with advanced cancer refractory to conventional therapy
      received weekly iv doses of neocarzinostatin for 5 weeks. Doses were escalated
      from 500 to 6750 units/m2/week. Four types of toxic manifestations occurred:
      acute reactions consisting of shaking chills with or without fever and cyanosis
      (rigor), hypersensitivity, vomiting, and marrow depression. Evidence of oncolytic
      activity was limited to patients with acute leukemia in whom phase II trials at
      doses between 3000 and 4500 units/m2 appear warranted.

PMID- 156068
TI  - Phase II evaluation of chlorozotocin in patients with non-small cell carcinoma of
      the lung.

PMID- 156070
TI  - Treatment of mycosis fungoides with topical BCNU.

PMID- 156069
TI  - Preliminary evaluation of 15 chemotherapeutic agents applied topically in the
      treatment of mycosis fungoides.
AB  - This is an interim report of a double-blind multi-institutional study to examine
      the effect of chemotherapeutic agents applied topically to patients with mycosis
      fungoides. To date, 41 patch tests have been completed using 15 drugs. Five of
      the drugs produced some improvement, four were highly irritating, and six had no
      effect. This patch-testing study is a prelude to more extensive therapy trials.

PMID- 156071
TI  - Independent changes in cardiac muscle fibres and connective tissue in rats with
      spontaneous hypertension, aortic constriction and hypoxia.

PMID- 156072
TI  - Plasma norepinephrine concentration in the coronary sinus in cardiomyopathies.
AB  - In order to evaluate the cardiac sympathetic nerve tone in cardiomyopathies,
      plasma norepinephrine concentration in the coronary sinus (NE(CS)) and artery
      (NE(A)) was measured by THI method in five patients with the hypertrophic type
      (HCM) and in seven with the congestive type (CCM); six patients with functional
      murmur served as controls. NE(CS) was 182 +/- 39 ng/liter (SEM) in HCM, 288 +/-
      47 in CCM, and 306 +/- 65 in controls. The NE(CS) - NE(A) difference (delta NE)
      was 9 +/- 22 ng/liter in HCM, -57 +/- 34 in CCM, and 81 +/- 29 in controls.
      Norepinephrine overflow into the coronary sinus,which was calculated by
      multiplying coronary sinus plasma flow by delta NE, was 0.54 +/- 0.86
      ng/min/100gm, -2.81 +/- 1.47, and 3.73 +/- 1.77, respectively. Norepinephrine
      overflow and delta NE were significantly lower in CCM than in controls. The
      results suggest than an excessive sympathetic discharge does not exist in HCM and
      that cardiac sympathetic activity is reduced in CCM.

PMID- 156074
TI  - [Sensitivity of the indicator system in endo medium. Quantitative study (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 156073
TI  - Inhibition of pyrimidine incorporation without inhibition of DNA synthesis.
AB  - A putative lymphocytic chalone was tested measuring the incorporation of purine
      and pyrimidine nucleosides and by cytophotometry. The pyrimidine precursors were
      inhibited but not the purines. Thymidine and deoxycytidine incorporation even
      performed simultaneously with cytophotometry can be misleading in the analysis of
      the inhibition of cell division.

PMID- 156076
TI  - [Bactericidal effect of peracetic acid on Francisella tularensis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 156075
TI  - [Epidemiology of scabies. 2. Results of epidemiological surveys in familial foci
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 156077
TI  - [Biochemical activity of strains of the haemolytic variant of Escherichia coli
      isolated from biological material (author's transl)].

PMID- 156078
TI  - [In memoriam Karel Svoboda, M.D. Aug. 3, 1923--Jul. 3, 1978].

PMID- 156079
TI  - [In memoriam Oskar Felsenfeld, M.D].

PMID- 156080
TI  - [Investigation of the effectiveness of vaccination against measles in the north
      Moravian region (author's transl)].

PMID- 156082
TI  - [A method of radioimunological examination of surface antigen and antibody of
      hepatitis B and the application in the prophylaxis of hepatitis B in transfusion
      service. II. Application in transfusion service (author's transl)].

PMID- 156081
TI  - [Method of radioimmunological assay of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody -
      application in the prophylaxis of hepatitis B in the blood transfusion service.
      Part 1. Principles of radioimmunological assay (author's transl)].

PMID- 156083
TI  - [Tahyna virus -- neutralizing antibodies of patients in southern Moravia
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 156084
TI  - [Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in faeces of employees of meat processing
      plants and meat shops (author's transl)].

PMID- 156085
TI  - [Dehydroepiandrosterone in pregnancy].

PMID- 156086
TI  - [Sexual profile of women requesting laparoscopical sterilization (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 156087
TI  - [Disease due to immune complexes].

PMID- 156088
TI  - Cardiac contractile proteins. Adenosine triphosphatase activity and physiological
      function.
AB  - This review has pointed out the good correlation frequently observed between
      ATPase activity of various contractile protein preparations and contractile
      function of various muscles including the myocardium. Some of the variables in
      the measurement of the various ATPases and the relationship of these measurements
      to physiological ATPase in the intact myofibril have been mentioned. The possible
      roles of changes in the light chains of sulfhydryl groups in the control of
      ATPase activity have been outlined. The possibility that phosphorylating
      reactions might exert control over physiological activity remains to be
      clarified. It is evident that, despite the large amount of research  that has
      been done, our understanding of how the biochemistry of contractile proteins
      relates to physiological function is in its infancy, and only with a more
      complete elucidation of the underlying biochemistry of the components of
      contractile proteins of physiological and pathophysiological adaptations become
      evident.

PMID- 156089
TI  - Myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity in the volume-overloaded hypertrophied
      feline right ventricle.

PMID- 156090
TI  - Pulmonary vascular impedance analysis of adaptation to chronically elevated blood
      flow in the awake dog.
AB  - Pulsatile pulmonary hemodynamics were analyzed in a chronic awake canine high
      flow model. Standard mean flow and pulsatile flow hemodynamics were measured and
      alterations in the proximal pulmonary vascular physical properties were
      quantified by the characteristic impedance (Zo). Pulmonary vascular resistance
      (PVR), which assesses arteriolar-capillary recruitment of perfusing radius and
      measures a more distal pulmonary vascular response to changing flows, also was
      calculated. Twelve control dogs were studied and had mean Qpa (pulmonary blood
      flow) = 2.02 +/- 0.15 liters/min, Zo = 193 +/- 20 dyne sec cm-5 and PVR = 416 +/-
      32 dyne sec cm-5. Ten dogs were studied awake 20 weeks after creation of
      bilateral arteriovenous fistulae. Five of these shunted dogs, designated group A,
      developed Qpa = 3-4 liters/min (mean = 3.80 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.001 different
      from control group); the other five dogs (group B) developed Qpa = 4-8 liters/min
      (mean = 5.87 +/- 0.16, P less than 0.001). In group A, Zo = 143 +/- 8 (P less
      than 0.05) and PVR = 249 +/- 6 (P less than 0.10). In group B, Zo = 90 +/- 5 (P
      less than 0.005) and PVR = 126 +/- 14 (P less than 0.01). The total input power
      (potential and kinetic) was 125% above the controls for group A (P less than
      0.001) and 264% for group B (P less than 0.001), but the mean energy components
      increased significantly more than did the pulsatile components. These data
      demonstrate a lower impedance to pulsatile flow during chronically elevated total
      flow which effects a reduction in both the work load of the right ventricle and
      the transmission of energy to the precapillary bed. Analysis of the alterations
      in characteristic impedance suggests a distinct proximal pulmonary vascular
      mechanism of decreased vessel stiffness (decreased elastic moduli) for adaptation
      to chronically elevated flow loads which is in addition to the two geometric
      alterations of proximal arterial dilation and distal vascular channel
      recruitment.

PMID- 156091
TI  - Left axis deviation: a reassessment.
AB  - This report deals with the ramifications of the concept of left axis deviation.
      In early life, the leftward shift of the frontal plane QRS axis is determined
      chiefly, if not solely, by the relative weights of the ventricles. Once adult
      ventricular weight ratios are reached, there is a long period of axis stability,
      then a gradual leftward drift of the QRS, governed principally by left anterior
      fascicular conduction. Thus, the normal QRS axis is age-dependent, and left axis
      deviation must be considered accordingly.

PMID- 156092
TI  - Influence of aortic insufficiency on the hemodynamic significance of a coronary
      artery narrowing.
AB  - The coronary hemodynamic effects of controlled aortic insufficiency (AI) were
      studied in 10 dogs. Coronary blood flow (CBF), before and during reactive
      hyperemia (RH) with graded coronary diameter narrowings (CN), aortic (Ao) and
      left ventricular (LV) pressures (P), and aortic blood flow (AoF) were recorded.
      Opening an adjustable basket catheter, positioned across the aortic valve,
      created reversible AI quantitated from phasic AoF. AI was regulated so that mean
      CBF was similar with or without AI. During AI, heart rate and systolic AoP were
      unchanged, but diastolic AoP declined 14 mm Hg (mean) and end-diastolic LVP
      increased 8 mm Hg, both p less than 0.05. With CN greater than or equal to 85%,
      mean CBF decreased with or without AI. Coronary resistance was similar with or
      without AI. During AI with no CN, peak RH CBF declined significantly and was
      similar to peak RH with 70% CN without AI. Furthermore, AI with 60% CN caused
      additional reduction in peak RH and was similar to peak RH with 80% CN without
      AI. These data suggest that CBF reserve, exposed during RH, is decreased during
      AI. With AI, a given CN has coronary hemodynamic properties similar to higher
      degrees of CN without AI. These results may relate to clinical findings of
      ischemia in patients with AI and no or moderate CN.

PMID- 156093
TI  - A comparison of simultaneous measurements of systolic function in the baboon by
      electromagnetic flowmeter and high frame rate ECG-gated blood pool scintigraphy.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) systolic timing and relative volume variations were
      simultaneously measured by electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) and high frame rate
      ECG-gated blood pool scintigraphy in five baboons. No significant differences (p
      greater than 0.1, paired t test) were observed in the time (from R wave) to peak
      aortic flow (maximum LV ejection rate), time to cessation of aortic flow (end
      systole) or in the duration of aortic flow (LV ejection time). A small
      (approximately 15 msec) but significant systematic difference (p less than 0.02)
      was noted in the time to onset of aortic flow. The shape of each scintigraphic
      time-activity curve during systole was compared to an equivalent curve
      synthesized from 10 EMF flow profiles obtained in the same baboon. Comparison of
      these paired curves over systolic ejection yielded an average correlation or r =
      0.95 (range 0.90--0.99). The ratio of peak flow to stroke volume determined from
      these data did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05). In the baboon,
      quantitative high temporal resolution ECG-gated scintigraphy appears to reflect
      closely the detailed timing and relative magnitude variation of LV volume during
      the entire period of systolic ejection. We conclude that the assumptions
      underlying the scintigraphic method are valid in the baboon during the ejection
      interval.

PMID- 156094
TI  - Physiologic determinants of the electrocardiographic diagnosis of left
      ventricular hypertrophy.
AB  - The relative importance of left ventricular (LV) geometry, wall thickness, and
      mass on the inscription of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on the ECG was
      examined in 93 patients; 36 had no LVH on the ECG, 10 had borderline voltage for
      LVH, and 47 had LVH on the ECG. LV cineangiograms in the right anterior oblique
      projection were analyzed for LV end-diastolic volume, free wall thickness (h),
      semiminor radius (R), LV mass index (LVMI), and the geometric relations described
      by h/R, mass/volume, and h . R. Although mean LVMI was greater in patients whose
      ECG voltage was either borderline or diagnostic of LVH, increased LVMI also
      occurred without LVH on the ECG. None of the variables (h, R, h/R or mass/volume)
      reliably indicated when LVH would be inscribed on the ECG. The product of h . R,
      however, defined three electrocardiographic groups; all patients with LVH on
      their ECG had h . R greater than 2.6 cm2. Wall thickening sufficient to result in
      an increased LV mass did not result in LVH on the ECG unless sufficient
      concurrent chamber dilatation was present. Thus, a critical geometric
      relationship resulting from the interplay of wall thickness and chamber
      dilatation is necessary for LVH to appear on the ECG. This finding is consistent
      with the solid-angle theory of electrocardiography as it relates to ventricular
      hypertrophy.

PMID- 156095
TI  - Results of ophthalmosonometry and supraorbital photoplethysmography in evaluating
      carotid arterial stenoses.
AB  - A total of 263 patients underwent either periorbital ophthalmosonometry (Doppler
      ultrasound) or a combination of ophthalmosonometry and supraorbital
      photoplethysmography (SOPPG) to determine the presence or absence of a
      hemodynamically significant lesion (occlusion or greater than 50% reduction in
      lumen diameter). There were 522 vessels studied with Doppler ultrasound and 272
      vessels with a combination of the two modalities. The tests were correlated with
      carotid arteriography to determine their accuracy. Overall accuracy of the
      Doppler ultrasound examination was 95%. A normal Doppler ultrasound examination
      was obtained in 367 vessels and arteriography confirmed the absence of a
      hemodynamically significant lesion in 93%. Of 155 vessels with an abnormal
      Doppler examination, 149 (96%) were proven on arteriography to have
      hemodynamically significant lesions. The Doppler ultrasound examination had a
      high incidence of false-negative examinations (26%) in those vessels that were
      between 50% and 99% stenotic, however. The SOPPG alone had a high incidence of
      false-positive examinations (19%); however, in 155 vessels with a normal SOPPG,
      98% were proved to have no hemodynamically significant lesion. The combination of
      Doppler ultrasound and SOPPG was highly accurate in identifying patients with
      hemodynamically significant lesions. Of 97 vessels with such lesions, 96 (99%)
      had either an abnormal Doppler ultrasound examination or an abnormal SOPPG. In
      240 vessels with concordant results of the Doppler ultrasound and SOPPG, the
      presence or absence of a hemodynamically significant lesion was accurately
      predicted in 235 (98%).

PMID- 156097
TI  - Identification of keratan sulfate in liver affected by Morquio syndrome.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycan content, composition and molecular weight were determined in
      liver obtained from a patient with Morquio syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis IV).
      There was about a four-fold increase in glycosaminoglycan content (as hexosamine)
      of the affected liver as compared to the control liver. The major
      glycosaminoglycan accumulated in the liver was keratan sulfate, which was not
      found in the control liver. Chondroitin sulfates, especially chondroitin 6
      sulfate, were also increased. Heparan sulfate isolated from the liver of a
      patient with Morquio syndrome was structurally different to that from control
      liver, and the glycosaminoglycans from Morquio syndrome were of a much lower
      molecular weight than those from control.

PMID- 156096
TI  - Beneficial effects of pulsatile perfusion in the hypertrophied ventricle during
      ventricular fibrillation.
AB  - To assess the potential benefit of pulsatile perfusion inthe hypertrophied heart
      during fibrillation, 10 dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy, produced by
      previous supravalvular aortic banding, were used to compare linear and pulsatile
      perfusion in the fibrillating heart during total cardiopulmonary bypass. The mass
      spectrometer was used to measure subendocardial PCO2 and PO2 (PmCO2 and PmO2),
      and radioactive microspheres were utilized to measure myocardial blood flow in
      the same layers. Pulsatile perfusion was established using the recently develop
      "bubble tubing," which produces a pulse pressure of at least 20 mm Hg and can be
      used in a standard roller-pump apparatus. Both linear and pulsatile flows were
      compared at mean aortic root pressures of 80 and 50 mm Hg, and these four
      combinations of aortic root pressure and type of flow were employed for periods
      of 30 minutes each. Myocardial ischemia developed during linear coronary
      perfusion at 50 mm Hg, as evidenced by an elevation of PmCO2. Ischemia was not
      evident during pulsatile perfusion at the same mean pressure. Reversal ischemia
      was a result of increased myocardial blood flow and pulsatile perfusion, and this
      increase was shown to occur maximally in the deeper subendocardial layer.
      Ischemia was not eviden during linear or pulsatile perfusion at an mean perfusion
      pressure 80 mm Hg. Thus, if lower perfusion pressures are to be tolerated in
      patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, pulsatile perfusion with the bubble
      tubing technique may prevent the development of subendocardial ischemia or
      infarction.

PMID- 156098
TI  - Radiodermatitis of the hands in a dental practitioner.

PMID- 156099
TI  - A distinctive eruption in patients receiving oxprenolol.

PMID- 156100
TI  - Hyperthyroidism in patients with Down's syndrome.

PMID- 156101
TI  - Public Health Service recommendations for treatment of gonococcal infections in
      pediatric patients--1979.

PMID- 156102
TI  - The use of bonding materials in dentistry for children.

PMID- 156103
TI  - Psychological needs of the elderly.

PMID- 156104
TI  - Help for those who help at home.

PMID- 156105
TI  - Racial and sexual differences in the standard electrocardiogram of black vs white
      adolescents.
AB  - Standard 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded in 114 healthy adolescents to
      substantiate possible influences of race and sex on the "juvenile pattern"
      (increased precordial voltages of QRS complex, precordial T wave inversions, and
      ST-segment elevations considered pathologic in adults) in this age group. Black
      male subjects had the highest precordial QRS amplitudes and the highest incidence
      of biphasic or negative precordial T waves and ST-segment deviations. In white
      male subjects, these findings were less pronounced but were more evident than in
      black or white female subjects. Results indicate the following: (1) race-specific
      and sex-specific normal electrocardiographic standards should be developed in
      adolescents; (2) criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy are race-specific and
      sex-specific and should be tested against independent anatomic or physiologic
      information in adolescents with left ventricular overload; and (3) the "juvenile
      pattern" may be viewed as a predictable continuum of age-related changes starting
      in childhood and progressing through adolescence on to later life.

PMID- 156106
TI  - Target sign for emphysema.

PMID- 156107
TI  - Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia associated with tetracycline.

PMID- 156108
TI  - Atrial depolarization in Wolf-Parkinson-White and Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome:
      vectorcardiographic features.
AB  - The atrial depolarization pattern was studied in 22 patients with Wolff-Parkinson
      White and Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome. The influence of the accessory pathways on
      the shape, magnitude and conduction pattern of the PSE loop was analyzed. An
      accurate evaluation of the beginning of the delta wave and of the P loop
      distortions was obtained by using high magnification (1 mV = 30 cm) recordings.
      The Frank lead system was used. The influence of atrial size (documented by
      echocardiography) on the PSE loop is emphasized. Special attention has been
      focused on the terminal vectors as compared to a control group. In Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome the size of the PSE loop was smaller than in Lown-Ganong
      Levine syndrome or in the normal group. When atrial conduction disturbances
      and/or atrial enlargement was present the PSE loop was larger and distorted. The
      terminal vectors were abnormally oriented in 75 percent of the patients with
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, but only in one with Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome.
      The beginning of the delta wave in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
      was located to the left of the E point in all but two. When the "concertina"
      effect was present, the direction of the terminal vectors remained unchanged. In
      four patients with the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome, the PSE loop closed, and in
      three patients, a small opening was present. We suggest that the changes in
      contour, duration and amplitude of the PSE loop are due to an abnormal pattern of
      atrial depolorization in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 156109
TI  - Effects of platinum antitumor agents on in vitro assays of human antitumor
      immunity. I. Effects of cis-[pt (NH3)2Cl2] on the mixed lymphocyte tumor assay.
AB  - Human lymphoblast cell lines (LCL) were treated with the antitumor complex Cis
      [pt(NH3)2Cl2] (CPDC). Direct effects of CPDC treatment on LCL growth, as well as
      on LCL recognition by human lymphocytes in vitro are reported. Treatment of LCL
      with 10 micro m CPDC strongly inhibits DNA and protein synthesis, but has little
      effect on LCL viability. At this concentration, CPDC also inhibits the
      proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in response to mitogens
      or allogeneic cells. Therefore, studies of LCL recognition by human PBL were
      conducted using CPDC pretreated and extensively washed LCL. Recognition of CPDC
      pretreated LCL in the in vitro mixed lymphocyte tumor (MLT) cell assay for the
      activation phase of cellular immunity is reduced. The decrease in MLT response is
      not due to direct effects of the complex on the responding T lymphocytes, but may
      be due to lowered antigen expression of treated LCL or other mechanisms. If CPDC
      does enhance tumor rejection in vivo, it does not appear to be due to enhanced
      recognition by T cells.

PMID- 156110
TI  - Studies on the mode of action of 5-fluorocytosine in Aspergillus species.
AB  - The mode of action of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) was studied in three isolates of
      pathogenic Aspergillus with varying degrees of susceptibility to the drug.
      Distribution studies showed that susceptibility or resistance to 5-FC was not
      dependent on uptake of the drug. While only a small percentage of the total 5-FC
      taken up was found in the RNA fraction of the cells, most remained in the acid
      soluble intracellular pool. 5-FC, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine
      monophosphate (5-Fd-UMP) were among metabolites identified in the pool. In
      addition, fluoroorotic acid appeared to be a major constituent of the metabolites
      derived from 5-FC. The aspergilli also were capable of utilizing cytosine as a
      nitrogen source and this is suggested as a possible mechanism of resistance. A
      dual mode of action for 5-FC in the aspergilli is proposed. This consists of,
      first, incorporation of 5-FU into RNA and, second, inhibition of DNA synthesis by
      production of 5-FdUMP.

PMID- 156111
TI  - [Changes in allogeneic immune response of swine in the course of a liver
      allograft].
AB  - Pig liver allografts showed a typical rejection crisis. The degree of rejection
      depended on the SLA-typing. Despite SLA-incompatibility pig liver allografts can
      be tolerated. Short-term survivors showed an immunological hyporeactivity. Long
      term survivors reconstituted their cellular immune-reactions and developed an
      antibody which appeared to function as an antigen-antibody-complex or an anti-Ia
      antibody.

PMID- 156112
TI  - [Evidence of a specific defect in effector cell formation following kidney and
      liver allotransplants in humans].
AB  - In 5 recipients of cadaver kidney allografts and 1 patient with an orthotopic
      liver transplant specific in vitro reactivity of blood lymphocytes against donor
      antigens was monitored by means of the unilateral MLC assay and an indirect
      cytotoxicity assay (using MLC activated recipient lymphocytes as effector cells
      in a 51Cr release assay). The liver patient and 3 of the kidney graft recipients
      developed a specific defect in the capability to generate cytotoxic effector
      cells in vitro. Proliferative reactivity against donor lymphocytes was retained
      in these patients.

PMID- 156113
TI  - Common skin diseases seen by the internist.

PMID- 156114
TI  - [Therapy of acne vulgaris].

PMID- 156115
TI  - [Regression of left ventricular hypertophy in the ECG during antihypertensive
      treatment: preliminary observations (author's transl)].
AB  - Typical signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were present in the ECG of 36
      (10 women, 26 men) of 127 persons with essential hypertension (46 women, 81 men).
      After a two-year course of combined drug treatment (chlortalidone, reserpine,
      methyl-dopa, hydralazine) with effective blood-pressure reduction LVH was still
      present in the ECG of 29, after a four-year course of only 15 among 36, i. e. a
      reduction in the presence of LVH of nearly 60%. Since the patients' body-weight
      remained unchanged during this period, the regression in ECG changes is ascribed
      to the effectiveness of the drug treatment.

PMID- 156116
TI  - Forward mutation assays using bacteria and 8-azaguanine.

PMID- 156117
TI  - Statistical survey of gynecological laparoscopy/pelviscopy in Germany till 1977.
AB  - By mailing, 1.365 questionnaires to gynecologists, 265,900
      laparoscopies/pelviscopies were reported in 682 questionnaires (49.2%) by
      anonymous answer. These had been performed by 380 gynecologists (hospitals)
      between 1949 and 1977 in Germany. 302 gynecologists who answered the
      questionnaires (44.2%) are not using the endoscopic technique. Till the end of
      1977 in Germany monopolar high-frequency current was used in 52%, bipolar high
      frequency current was used in 42%, and modern endocoagulation was used in 25% for
      the purposes of hemostasis. 240 hospitals (63%) are mainly using pelviscopes of 5
      -8 mm diameter, 124 hospitals (33%) are using laparoscopes of 11 mm diameter. All
      together 949 (3.56%) complications had occurred which necessitated 690
      laparotomies (2.59%). Cause of these complications were damages to vessels and
      burns by high-frequency current. 24 (0,09%) deaths were reported which had
      occurred during or following the intervention, that is one death for 11,000
      pelviscopies. Mortality due to this method can be itemized as follows: 13 deaths
      (0.09%) in 140,977 (53%) diagnostical laparoscopies/pelviscopies, 3 deaths
      (0.08%) in 37,639 (14.2%) diagnostical-operative pelviscopies, 8 deaths (0.09%)
      in 87,284 (32.8%) sterilizations. Since 1974, however, the mortality rate is
      smaller than 1 : 100,000. Since 1973 every year 30,000 to 35,000 pelviscopies
      were registered in Germany; no deaths in 1974, 1976 and 1977.

PMID- 156118
TI  - New methods of pelviscopy (gynecologic laparoscopy) for myomectomy, ovariectomy,
      tubectomy and adnectomy.
AB  - The development of suitable instruments for perfect grasping, cutting, sucking,
      ligating and of a new system of performing hemostasis by endocoagulation through
      a 7--11 mm phi trocar-sheath enables us to initiate effective endoscopical
      intraabdominal surgery. New surgical techniques are being investigated on greater
      than 2.000 cases of surgical pelviscopic interventions which were performed
      between 1973--1976. Since 1977 we have extended the endoscopical intraabdominal
      surgery as follows: Myomectomy (subserous), adnectomy, ovarian-cyst-resection,
      cystomectomy, tubectomy in case of tubal pregnancy. In 115 cases no intra- or
      postoperative complications have occurred. Normal postsurgical healing procedure
      could be checked on 18 re-pelviscopies and on 2 later laparotomies. The new
      technical equipment has opened us together with special surgical procedures a new
      era of gynecologic surgery.

PMID- 156119
TI  - Immune depression in trypanosome-infected mice. II. Characterization of the
      spleen cell types involved.
AB  - Spleen cells from Trypanosoma congolense-infected mice showed a drastic
      depression in their capacity to respond to B and T lymphocyte mitogens and to
      allogeneic spleen cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Spleen cells from infected
      mice were also poor stimulators in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The poor
      responsiveness or stimulation capacity was not due simply to dilution of relevant
      B or T lymphocytes by the large number of null cells found in the spleens of
      infected animals. These null cells expressed approximately eight times more H-2
      antigen than spleen cells from normal (uninfected) mice and were devoid of Ia
      antigens.

PMID- 156120
TI  - Immune depression in trypanosome-infected mice. III. suppressor cells.
AB  - Spleen cells from trypanosome-infected mice strongly suppressed lymphocyte
      stimulation induced in normal spleen cell populations by lipopolysaccharide,
      concanavalin A or allogeneic (H-2-different) stimulator cells. This suppression
      was not H-2-restricted, as responses of spleen lymphocytes both allogeneic and
      syngeneic to the suppressors were inhibited. Irradiation or mitomycin C treatment
      of suppressor populations markedly reduced but did not eliminate suppressor
      activity. Suppressor populations were effective when present in very low numbers.
      Addition of suppressor cells to mixed lymphocyte cultures at various intervals
      after initiation of the cultures showed that the suppressors require 48 h to
      manifest their activity. Cell depletion or enrichment experiments indicate that
      the mechanism of suppression is complex and involves more than one cell type.

PMID- 156121
TI  - Inhibition of sperm motility by the volatile anesthetic halothane.

PMID- 156122
TI  - Serum factors influencing human granulocytopoietic proliferation in clot
      cultures.

PMID- 156123
TI  - Trichinella spiralis: correlates in vitro of altered immune responsiveness in
      mice.

PMID- 156124
TI  - A histochemical study of denervated marsupial hemidiaphragm.
AB  - The marsupial (quokka) hemidiaphragm showed postdenervation hypertrophy and
      subsequent atrophy. The type II muscle fibres hypertrophied up to 20 days
      postoperation and then regressed. However, the type I fibres hypertrophied
      throughout the experimental period (100 days) studied. Unlike denervated
      eutherian hemidiaphragm, fibre-splitting was absent in the denervated marsupial
      muscle. An enhancement of the ATPase reaction in the denervated type I fibres may
      be due to dedifferentiation. Presumably innervation exerts a 'negative control'
      and prevents increase of type I fibre size in the normal hemidiaphragm.

PMID- 156125
TI  - [Action of polymethylene-bis-quaternary compounds on the muscarinic and nicotinic
      cholinoreceptors].
AB  - The action of compounds with general formula (formula: see text) on the frog
      heart ventricle, cat blood pressure, guinea pig ileum and frog rectus abdominis
      was studied. With dioxolane radicals (type F-2268) a strong muscarinomimetic
      action on the cat arterial blood pressure and guinea pig ileum was observed, with
      maximum marked action at n = 10, which was more pronounced at an even than at odd
      number of methylene groups. On the frog heart the compounds with an odd number of
      "n" elicited an atropine-like action. The compounds with pentyl radicals produced
      no effect on blood pressure and a weak cholinolytic effect on the frog heart. On
      the ileum they exhibited a cholinomimetic effect. All compounds studied acted as
      noncompetitive cholinolytics on the frog rectus.

PMID- 156126
TI  - Kinetic analysis of light-dependent exchange of adenine nucleotides on
      chloroplast coupling factor CF1.

PMID- 156127
TI  - Synthesis of a larger precursor for the proteolipid subunit of the mitochondrial
      ATPase complex of Neurospora crassa in a cell-free wheat germ system.

PMID- 156128
TI  - Ontogeny of regulatory cells.

PMID- 156130
TI  - [Activities of the Red Cross Society in the RSFSR].

PMID- 156129
TI  - Effects of toxic agents on movements of materials across the placenta.

PMID- 156131
TI  - Diagnostic procedures for assessment of tubal patency.

PMID- 156132
TI  - Saliva as a matrix for measuring free androgens: comparison with serum androgens
      in polycystic ovarian disease.
AB  - We report a simple and direct procedure for the measurement of circulating free
      testosterone concentrations by using saliva as a matrix rather than serum. There
      is a close correlation between saliva testosterone values measured by
      radioimmunoassay, calculated values of free testosterone, and free testosterone
      estimated by equilibrium dialysis. Our method is direct and has the advantage
      that the biologic fluid can be obtained routinely by noninvasive techniques
      outside the clinic during a course of therapy. We also show that a single saliva
      value is of greater diagnostic use than any of the currently used androgen
      assays. Testosterone was found to be elevated in the saliva of 17 infertility
      patients diagnosed as having polycystic ovarian syndrome, 14 of these patients
      were hirsute.

PMID- 156133
TI  - Menstrual patterns and women's attitudes following sterilization by Falope rings.
AB  - Follow-up data on 147 women sterilized by laparoscopic Falope ring application
      were analyzed for changes in menstrual patterns, postoperative complications,
      patient feelings about surgery, and incidence of regret. Twelve to twenty-eight
      months after surgery, there were no consistent changes in interval, length, or
      amount of menstrual flow, and only 4% of women developed transient episodes of
      dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Analysis of feelings after sterilization showed
      that 90% of women were satisfied with the sterilization, 3% were unhappy, and 7%
      were ambivalent. Feelings of regret were not associated with postoperative
      complications and appeared to be related to the reasons for sterilization.
      Individual counseling not only helped to identify the population at risk for
      regret but also served to reduce the incidence of poststerilization ambivalent
      feelings.

PMID- 156134
TI  - [Trigemino-motor reflexes].

PMID- 156135
TI  - Chalones: a reappraisal.

PMID- 156136
TI  - New trends in maternal, fetal and neonatal medicine.

PMID- 156137
TI  - Erythroid differentiation and poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in Friend leukemia
      cells.
AB  - Nicotinamide, a specific inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, was found to
      be a moderate inducer of hemoglobin synthesis in Friend erythroid leukemia cells
      (FLC). Therefore, the effect of other inducers, s-ch as dimethyl sulfoxide
      (DMSO), hexamethylene-bisacetamide (HMBA), and butyrate, on poly(ADP-ribose)
      synthesis was examined. The extent of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in nuclei of FLC
      treated with DMSO or HMBA began to decrease before many phenotypic changes
      including hemoglobin production and reached 30--50% of the level of nontreated
      control when the cells enter the stationary phase. FLC variants unresponsive to
      HMBA or DMSO did not exhibit as low an activity of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis as
      their parent cells did by treatment with these inducers. In contrast, butyrate
      stimulated poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis transiently but distinctly (about 50%) at
      an early stage of culture (6--24 hr), but suppressed it at a later stage. Neither
      the cell growth nor degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) is correlated with the effect
      of inducers. These results suggest that the level of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis
      is correlated with the differentiation of FLC.

PMID- 156138
TI  - Complication of peritoneoscopic liver biopsy.

PMID- 156139
TI  - Echocardiography: a diagnostic plus.
AB  - Echocardiography adds a new dimension to diagnosis of cardiac disorders. This
      safe, noninvasive technique aids in the differential diagnosis of systolic
      murmur, chest pain, and cardiomegaly, in the etiologic diagnosis of mitral
      regurgitation and atrial fibrillation, and in assessing left ventricular
      function.

PMID- 156140
TI  - [Characteristics of lactation in female workers of chemical (rubber) industry].

PMID- 156141
TI  - [Immunologic changes in occupational allergic dermatoses].

PMID- 156142
TI  - [Diagnostic evaluation of the prelactin finding in sterility and hormone
      ambulatory care].

PMID- 156143
TI  - Pyemotes herfsi (Oudemans, 1936) as causative agent of another mass dermatitis in
      Europe (Acari, Pyemotidae).
AB  - The authors describe new cases of human dermatitis caused by Pyemotes herfsi
      occurring in the food mixing shed for the farrowing house in the piggery at a
      farm in the destrict of Olomouc, where seven persons handling feedstuff were
      infected. The disease became manifest as a papular rash, appearing particularly
      on the back, and all over the body except on the hands and face. When the
      afflicted person discontinued work in the feed mixing shed, the rash disappeared
      quickly. The mites were found in the granular dust accumulated in the loft above
      the food mixing shed. The initial host (insects) could not be identified. After
      cleaning and disinsecting the contaminated premises with Metation E 50 the
      workers were free from any symptoms. The mites of the genus Pyemotes,
      particularly the species P. herfsi (Oudemans, 1936) are little known, but
      probably frequent causative agents of human dermatitides.

PMID- 156144
TI  - [Hormonal regulation and hormone therapy in childhood and adolescence. Part 2:
      Therapeutic problems (tall stature, amenorrhea, delayed puberty, oligomenorrhea,
      precocious puberty, anorexia nervosa, anisomastia, hypermastia, acne etc)].
AB  - The most important therapeutic problems of female puberty and adolescence are
      discussed, including high stature, amenorrhoea, oligomenorrhea, pubertas tarda,
      anovulation, anorexia, anisomastia, hypermastia. Indications for treatment are
      given and the possibilities for a prophylactic medicine in this age group are
      stressed.

PMID- 156145
TI  - [Vascular reconstruction in the aorto-iliac region. Lowered mortality with an
      extraperitoneal approach].
AB  - From 1962 to 1978 1938 reconstructions because of arterial occlusive disease were
      performed at the Department of Surgery, Stadt. Klinikum Karlsruhe. Of these 297
      were primary aorto-iliac reconstructions. All latter cases were classified
      according to morphologic characteristics. The ratio of men to women was 8 : 1,
      the average age 58,9 years. A comparison of the results in these 227 patients
      with reconstruction either by endarteriectomy or dacron bypass was made regarding
      the way of incision. The results show a lower letality of 4,6% when
      extraperitoneal exposition is used compared to 14,1% when transperitoneal
      exposition was performed. As there was no difference found in the late results
      after either method of reconstruction (123 patients were reexamined),
      extraperitoneal exposition is preferred except in cases with aneurysm and aortic
      occlusion up to the renal arteries.

PMID- 156147
TI  - A method for the assay of allophanate esters.

PMID- 156146
TI  - Formation of complexes of heparin with proteins and its physiological role. II.

PMID- 156148
TI  - Beta glucuronidase in macrophages of skin-allografted mice--I. Decrease in beta
      glucuronidase in allografted mouse peritoneal cells in the presence of donor
      cells.

PMID- 156149
TI  - Beta glucuronidase in macrophages of skin-allografted mice--II. Demonstration of
      a lymphokine decreasing macrophage beta glucuronidase in allograft immunity.

PMID- 156150
TI  - Red cell adenosine triphosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in haematological
      disorders.

PMID- 156151
TI  - Canada's thirty years of health care through government: where to from here?

PMID- 156152
TI  - Evaluation of alternative payment strategies for hospitals: a conceptual
      approach.

PMID- 156153
TI  - Catastrophic illness in an HMO.

PMID- 156154
TI  - Changing patterns and implications for cost and quality of dental care.

PMID- 156155
TI  - Improving access to medical care in underserved areas: the role of group
      practice.

PMID- 156156
TI  - The impact of a change in regulations on costs in an experimental program.

PMID- 156157
TI  - The effect of consultation on hospital length of stay.

PMID- 156158
TI  - The costs of adult day care and nursing home care: a dissenting view.

PMID- 156159
TI  - A note on the comparison of the hospital cost experience of three competing HMOs.

PMID- 156160
TI  - The management of health science centers.

PMID- 156161
TI  - Loss of lymphocyte chalone activity in mice with autoimmune disease.
AB  - Lymphocyte chalone from the spleens of old BALB/c, young BALB/c and young NZB
      mice caused significant suppression of the proliferative response of BALB/c and
      NZB spleen cells to T and B mitogens, whereas lymphocyte chalone from old NZB
      spleen did not suppress. Lymphocyte chalone from young and old NZB mice was
      tested using different ages of NZB/NZW responding spleen cells; at all ages
      concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation was suppressed less
      by the chalone from old NZB mice than from that of young NZB mice. The responding
      NZB/NZW cells were suppressed equivalently at all ages studied. The basis for the
      loss of lymphocyte chalone activity in old NZB mice remains unknown; however, it
      appears likely that this event has a role in the disturbance of the negative
      feedback control system which contributes to NZB autoimmune disease.

PMID- 156162
TI  - Studies on the interference between the allergic reactions caused by different
      antigen-antibody systems.
AB  - Interference between two different in vivo antigen-antibody reactions which
      occurred simultaneously was studied in guinea pigs. Animals were presensitized
      with an aqueous fraction (CP) extracted from cells of Corynebacterium equi,
      strain KO-85. Skin reactions of the Arthus type elicited by the CP fraction
      inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) induced by bovine serum albumin
      (BSA) and rabbit anti-BSA serum. PCA reactions of the CP-sensitized animals were
      also inhibited upon simultaneous challenges of BSA and the CP as evidence by
      reduction of PCA titer of the anti-BSA serum.

PMID- 156163
TI  - Conservatorship for the "gravely disabled": California's nondeclaration of
      nonindependence.

PMID- 156164
TI  - Histochemical and ultrastructural studies on the metacercarial cyst of
      Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda).

PMID- 156165
TI  - Placebo, 1-isopropylnoradrenochrome-5-monosemicarbazono and pizotifen in migraine
      prophylaxis.

PMID- 156166
TI  - [Therapeutic aspects of seborrhea oleosa and pityriasis simplex capillitii].
AB  - The treatment of seborrhoea oleosa capillitii should aim at inhibiting depletion
      of the sebaceous glands, lipid synthesis in the sebaceous gland and microbial
      lipolysis of the triglycerides in the scalp and hair lipids. The use of isopropyl
      alcohol as a vehicle in a hair tonic reduces sebum depletion. Coal tar and
      estrogens reduce the lipid synthesis in the sebaceous gland. The lipolysis can be
      inhibited by various surfactants, isopropyl alcohol, colloidal sulphur, selenium
      disulphide, Omadine MDS and benzoyl peroxide. In the treatment of pityriasis
      simplex capillitii (dandruff) one aims at achieving inhibition of mitosis in the
      epidermis and, if possible, an additional "keratolytic" effect. Inhibition of
      mitosis could be demonstrated for coal tar, corticosteroids, selenium disulphide,
      cadmium sulphide, Omadine MDS, Zn Omadine and ichthyol sodium. Colloidal sulphur,
      salicylic acid, Omadine MDS and various surfactants act "keratolytically".

PMID- 156168
TI  - Warnock recommends more responsibility for HVs: a short summary of the Warnock
      Report.

PMID- 156167
TI  - [Differentiation of various Propionibacterium species from acne-vulgaris
      efflorescences].
AB  - Samples of pustules taken from 37 patients with acne (a. vulgaris, a.
      papulopustulosa, a. conglobata) were examined using different culture mediums for
      the growth of anaerobic to microaerophilic coryneforms. We identified 46 isolates
      of Propionibacteria which were tested according to their morphological,
      biochemical, serological, and phagelysotopic reactions. Three types of
      Propionibacteria were found: P. acnes (33), P. granulosum (11) and P. avidum (2).
      Nine samples showed P. acnes combined with P. avidum, four samples from patients
      with acne conglobata showed P. granulosum or P. avidum only. Tests from 37
      patients are too limited to reach definite conclusions. We are not able to
      suggest any correlation between type and degree of clinical acne, and the
      isolated Propionibacteria. These data indicate that pustules from patients with
      acne of all clinical degrees can contain P. acnes as well as other anaerobic
      coryneforms. Therefore, other species of anaerobic bacteria, particularly those
      of the "propionibacteria type", should be included in any discussion about the
      aetiological factors of acne.

PMID- 156169
TI  - The mentally handicapped child's reaction to bereavement.

PMID- 156170
TI  - The severely disabled.

PMID- 156171
TI  - A course on handicapping conditions in childhood: a new venture at Trent
      Polytechnic.

PMID- 156172
TI  - Why don't we practise what we preach?

PMID- 156173
TI  - Congenital diethylstilbestrol-associated vaginal/cervical adenosis (DES babies).

PMID- 156174
TI  - Twin pregnancy: a review of 214 cases.

PMID- 156175
TI  - Tobacco and the lung.

PMID- 156177
TI  - Broder and Waldman on suppressor cells.

PMID- 156176
TI  - Fluoride supplementation: a physician's responsibility?

PMID- 156178
TI  - Comparison of inducible and constitutive kynureninases of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Two types of kynureninase were isolated from Neurospora crassa IFO 6068. The
      formation of one of them, which was separated from the inducible kynureninase by
      DEAE-cellulose chromatography, was independent of the presence of tryptophan in
      the growth medium. Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis and immunochemical
      titration indicated that the constitutive-type enzyme is immunologically
      different from the inducible enzyme. We confirmed by a selective assay method
      with antiserum that the addition of tryptophan to the medium does not affect the
      formation of one of the enzymes (constitutive-type). The constitutive
      kynureninase was purified approximately 650-fold and was free of the inducible
      enzyme as judged by analytical gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight and
      optimum pH values of both enzymes are very similar. However, the constitutive
      enzyme shows much higher activity and affinity for L-3-hydroxykynurenine than for
      L-kynurenine, suggesting that the enzyme functions biosynthetically as a 3
      hydroxykynureninase. Constitutive kynureninase activities were widely found in
      all the fungi tested, whereas the inducible enzyme activity was not present in
      Mucor or Rhizopus species. The inducible enzymes of all the Neurospora strains
      examined were shown to be immunologically identical.

PMID- 156179
TI  - Effect of thymidine on poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in vivo.
AB  - The addition of thymidine as well as nicotinamide to isolated nuclei resulted in
      a strong inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, whereas that of hydroxyurea and
      amethopterin has essentially no effect. The nuclei isolated from the cells
      immediately after release from thymidine synchronization exhibited a
      significantly increased activity of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Thereafter, the
      fluctuation pattern of the activity of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in isolated nuclei
      during the cell cycle was essentially the same as in the case of hydroxyurea
      synchronization. The activity of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in isolated nuclei after
      treatment with thymidine in vivo increased with the treatment time. The time
      dependent increase was also evident in the case of nicotinamide treatment. Little
      increase in the activity was observed in hydroxyurea and amethopterin treatment.
      When poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase was extracted from the nuclei isolated from the
      cells which were pretreated with each of the four compounds, there was no
      significant difference in the amount among these compounds. The reason for the
      increase in the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in vitro by the in vivo treatment with
      thymidine is discussed.

PMID- 156180
TI  - Size and molecular parameters of adenosine triphosphatase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - The Mg2+- and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (bacterial coupling factor) has been
      investigated in solution with different independent techniques. The molecular
      weight of the five-subunit enzyme was found to be 345,000 +/- 5,000 by means of
      light scattering, 350,000 by sedimentation equilibrium experiments, and 358,000
      by means of small-angle x-ray scattering. The radius of gyration was found to be
      41.9 A, the volume 7.39 x 10(5) A3, and the surface to volume ratio 5.5 x 10(-2)
      A-1 from small-angle x-ray scattering measurements of the enzyme in solution. The
      degree of hydration was found to be 0.62 ml of H2O/g of ATPase. The translational
      diffusion coefficient was determined to be 3.47 x 10(-7) cm2 s-1 by means of
      inelastic light scattering. The distribution of the scattered intensity near the
      origin appears to be bimodal, suggesting that the ATPase molecule is composed of
      spherical parts bound together by a flexible polypeptide chain. The largest
      dimension of the ATPase in solution is 120.0 A, determined from the pair
      distribution function.

PMID- 156181
TI  - Distinguishing between membrane transport and intracellular metabolism of
      fluorodeoxyuridine in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by application of kinetic and
      high performance liquid chromatographic techniques.

PMID- 156182
TI  - Inactivation of phosphofructokinase by glucagon in rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Kinetic evidence of a time- and dose-dependent inactivation of
      phosphofructokinase by glucagon in isolated rat hepatocytes is reported. This
      inactivation, which persists after gel filtration of a cell-free extract on
      Sephadex G-25 and after 400-fold purification of the enzyme on agarose-ATP, is
      observed when the enzyme activity is measured at subsaturating concentrations of
      fructose 6-phosphate, while there is no change in Vmax. Phosphofructokinase
      inactivation by glucagon parallels the known inactivation of pyruvate kinase L
      and activation of glycogen phosphorylase alpha. Exogenous cyclic AMP mimics the
      effect of this hormone. Half-maximal effect for both phosphofructokinase and
      pyruvate kinase L is caused by a similar dose of glucagon (1 x 10(-10) M). The
      inactivation of phosphofructokinase by nonsaturating concentration of glucagon is
      reversed spontaneously within 40 min of incubation and this reversion is
      accelerated by insulin.

PMID- 156183
TI  - Scope and mechanism of carbohydrase action. Hydrolytic and nonhydrolytic actions
      of beta-amylase on alpha- and beta-maltosyl fluoride.

PMID- 156184
TI  - The effect of ionomycin on calcium fluxes in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and
      liposomes.
AB  - Ionomycin, a recently discovered calcium ionophore, inhibits the ATP-dependent
      active Ca2+ transport of rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles at concentrations
      as low as 10(-8) to 10(-6) M. The effect is due to an increase in the Ca2+
      permeability of the membrane which is also observed on liposomes. The inhibition
      of Ca2+ uptake is accompanied by an increase in the Ca2+-sensitive ATPase
      activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.

PMID- 156185
TI  - Enthalpy changes for intermediate steps of the ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by myosin
      subfragment-1.

PMID- 156186
TI  - Evidence for two distinct affinities in the binding of divalent metal ions to
      myosin.

PMID- 156187
TI  - Purification and reconstitution of the Ca2+-ATPase from plasma membrane of pig
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The Ca2+-ATPase from plasma membranes of pig erythrocytes was purified by mixed
      micelle gel chromatography (Wolf, H.U., Diekvoss, G., and Lichtner, R. (1977)
      Acta Biol. Med. Germ. 36, 847-858). The enzyme was activated at high
      concentrations of Tween 20 (10 mg/ml) or by appropriate mixtures of Triton X-100
      and phospholipids. It was highly unstable in the absence of Ca2+ and activator
      protein. The Ca2+-ATPase was incorporated into liposomes by freeze-thaw
      sonication. After removal of non-ionic detergent by passage through a phenyl
      Sepharose 4B column, the reconstituted vesicles catalyzed a rapid ATP-dependent
      uptake of Ca2+. Modulator protein from brain substituted for the natural
      activator protein and stimulated Ca2+ uptake in reconstituted vesicles.

PMID- 156188
TI  - Recombinant human Lys-plasmin and the Lys-plasmin . streptokinase complex.

PMID- 156189
TI  - Total replacement of the aortic arch (remarks on 6 operated cases).

PMID- 156190
TI  - Results of a new Meadox-Cooley double velour dacron graft for arterial
      reconstruction.

PMID- 156191
TI  - The adrenarche: prolactin, gonadotropins, adrenal androgens, and cortisol.

PMID- 156192
TI  - Serum androgens as a continuing index of adequacy of treatment of congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 156193
TI  - Seventy-two hour infusions of LHRH in normal men: gonadotropin and testicular
      steroid responses.
AB  - Four normal male subjects received LHRH by continuous infusion for 72 hrs at 1.4
      microgram/min. Mean basal LH was 7.7 +/- 1.0 mIU/ml, increased to a maximum of
      120 +/- 22.7 mIU/ml, and then declined to levels between 28--34 mIU/ml for the
      last 30 hrs of infusion; FSH rose from 3.7 to 11.4 mIU/ml (p less than 0.05) at
      16 hrs and then returned to baseline. Testosterone levels rose by 50% at 12 hrs,
      and remained elevated throughout with maximum values between 6.6 and 12 ng/ml.
      Estradiol-17beta levels were 26.2 +/- 4.7 pg/ml basally, rose to 104 +/- 8 pg/ml
      and while levels declined therafter, they were significantly above baseline
      throughout the 72 hrs. Plasma androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone levels
      also showed significant increases. By contrast, transient elevations in
      pregnenolone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone levels probably corresponded to the
      nomral morning rise in plasma levels of these steroids; 17-hydroxyprogesterone
      rose from 1.3 +/- 0.15 to 3.9 +/- 0.26 ng/ml at 12 hrs and remained elevated
      through the infusion. An increase in 17-hydroxyprogesterone:testosterone ratio
      was observed in all subjects. Thus, chronic LHRH infusion effected a persistent
      increase in endogenous LH with, in turn, prolonged stimulation of gonadal steroid
      secretion.

PMID- 156194
TI  - Interrelationships of circulating maternal steroid concentrations in third
      trimester pregnancies. III. Effect of intravenous cortisol infusion on maternal
      concentrations of estriol, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, delta 5
      pregnenolone, delta5-pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and
      cortisol.
AB  - The effect of a large dose (1000 mg) of iv cortisol-hemisuccinate on circulating
      steroid concentrations in five women, 28--34 weeks, gestational age, is reported.
      Maternal concentrations of estriol, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, delta 5
      pregnenolone, delta 5-pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and
      cortisol were measured by RIA before and at 8 and 12 h after iv cortisol
      infusions at 0 and 8 h. Data were evaluated by repeated measure analysis of
      variance. Estriol and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone suppressed initially (P less
      than 0.05) and suppressed further with retreatment and increased treatment time
      (P less than 0.05). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and progesterone suppressed
      initially (P less than 0.05) but did not suppress further with retreatment and
      increased treatment time (P greater than 0.05). delta 5-Pregnenolone and delta5
      pregnenolone sulfate increased initially (P less than 0.05) but did not increase
      further (P greater than 0.05). Concentrations of 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and
      20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone were unchanged by cortisol infusion initially (P
      greater than 0.1) and with retreatment and increased treatment time (P greater
      than 0.1).

PMID- 156195
TI  - Serum steroids and pituitary hormones in infants with particular reference to
      testicular activity.

PMID- 156196
TI  - Congenital deficiency of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor associated with severe
      hemorrhagic tendency.
AB  - alpha(2)-Plasmin inhibitor (alpha(2)PI) is a recently characterized, fast
      reacting plasmin inhibitor in human plasma that appears to play an important role
      in regulation of in vivo fibrinolysis. We report here a case of complete
      deficiency of alpha(2)PI in man. The patient, a 25-yr-old Japanese man, had a
      life-long severe bleeding tendency (hemarthrosis and excessive bleeding after
      trauma). The following tests were within normal limits: platelet count, bleeding
      time, thrombin time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, titers of
      known clotting factors, platelet glass bead retention, Factor VIII-related
      antigen, platelet aggregation by ADP, collagen and ristocetin, and clot
      retraction. Routine liver function tests were also normal. The only abnormal
      finding was that whole blood clot lysis was extemely rapid and was complete in 4
      8 h. The concentration of plasma protease inhibitors, including alpha(2)-macro
      globulin, antithrombin III, alpha(1)-antitrypsin, and C1INH, were all normal. The
      concentration of alpha(2)-PI in the patient's plasma, assayed by immunological
      methods, was <0.1 mg/100 ml (normal concentration, 6.1+/-0.88 mg/100 ml [mean+/
      SE]) and functional assays showed a complete deficiency of alpha(2)PI. Addition
      of purified alpha(2)PI to the patient's whole blood completely corrected the
      accelerated fibrinolysis. The patient's parents, four siblings, and four other
      members of this family were asymptomatic, but the titers of alpha(2)PI in their
      plasmas were congruent with50% of normal pooled plasma. There were three
      consanguineous marriages in this family, and the alpha(2)PI deficiency appears to
      have been inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. We speculate that alpha(2)PI
      deficiency in this patient has led to uninhibited in vivo fibrinolysis that
      probably causes the severe hemorrhagic tendency. Thus, this study indicates the
      important role of alpha(2)PI in hemostasis.

PMID- 156197
TI  - Inhibition of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in man by distinct
      suppressor cell systems.
AB  - Studies were designed to investigate whether the suppressor cell systems that
      regulate the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses belong to the same
      subsets of T cells or different subsets. Mitogen-activated suppressor cells were
      simultaneously assayed for their ability to inhibit (a) pokeweed mitogen-induced
      generation of plasma cells, (b) blastogenic response of lymphocytes to allogeneic
      cells, and (c) generation of killer cells in the cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity
      assay. We found that suppressor cells that inhibited the generation of plasma
      cells were activated by concanavalin A (Con A) and were both radiation and
      prednisone sensitive. Suppressors that inhibited the blastogenic response in
      lymphocytes to allogenic cells were also activated by Con A but differed in that
      they were both radiation and prednisone resistant. In contrast, suppressors that
      inhibited the generation of the killer cells were activated with
      phytohemagglutinin and not Con A. These suppressors were prednisone and radiation
      resistant. These observations cannot be explained by differences at the pro
      suppressor or suppressor activator levels as both T cell subsets are
      radiosensitive. Alternatively, heterogeneity of suppressor cell systems may
      explain these differences.

PMID- 156199
TI  - [Education of professionals: tipping the balance of involvement].

PMID- 156198
TI  - Suppression of acute and chronic inflammation in tumor-bearing rats.
AB  - Both acute and chronic cellular inflammatory reactions were suppressed in rats
      bearing malignant tumors. Inhibition of the acute inflammatory reactions was
      demonstrated in immune complex-induced vasculitis and in the accumulation of
      leukocytes in subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl sponges. Suppression of chronic
      inflammatory reactions was demonstrated in delayed type hypersensitivity skin
      reactions. In spite of these suppressed reactions, dermal reactivity to
      vasopermeability mediators was not diminished. Neither serum complement levels
      nor numbers of circulating leukocytes were depressed in animals with tumors.
      Suppression of inflammatory reactions was paralleled by a leukotactic defect
      which involved both neutrophils and monocytes. This defect could be ascribed to
      an abnormality in the serum that rendered both cell types leukotactically
      defective.

PMID- 156200
TI  - Communicating with the handicapped patient: experience of dental students at the
      University of Iowa.

PMID- 156201
TI  - Stress reactions of various judging groups to the child dental patient.
AB  - Dental personnel representing various levels of clinical experience and education
      in pedodontics were shown slides of potentially stressing situations within the
      field of pedodontics. Stress was identified through voice analysis by the
      Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE-101). Clinical experience and education in
      pedodontics does not decrease either absolute or relative amounts of stress.
      Visual stimuli are capable of eliciting a stressful response. Trained raters can
      interpret voice prints with a satisfactory degree of inter-rater reliability. The
      PSE-101 is a valid indicator of stress.

PMID- 156202
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase in the
      microsomes of rat submandibular gland.
AB  - The effect of indomethacin, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on
      Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) activity in the microsomes
      of rat submandibular gland was investigated. The effect of aspirin on Ca2+-ATPase
      activity was also studied.

PMID- 156203
TI  - A comparison of abused children and their nonabused siblings.

PMID- 156207
TI  - Histochemical comparison of focal losses of RNase and ATPase activities in
      preneoplastic rat livers.
AB  - To better assess the significance of enzyme-deficient foci as putative
      premalignant lesions, parallel histochemical analyses of RNase and ATPase
      activities were carried out in serial sections of livers from rats fed 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene. The results showed that focal losses of RNase and
      canalicular ATPase activities occur simultaneously in congruent areas of liver
      parenchyma at early stages of carcinogenesis. Such foci presumably represent
      altered cells capable of progressing to neoplasia since the changes observed in
      this new cell population persist in developing tumors.

PMID- 156208
TI  - Physiology of mixed leukocyte reaction suppressor factor. I. Role of cytoskeleton
      and protein synthesis in production and secretion.
AB  - The secretory physiology of the T cell-produced lymphokine, mixed leukocyte
      rection suppressor factor (MLR-TsF), was characterized with respect to its
      kinetics of secretion and its sensitivity ot a variety of metabolic blocking
      agents. It was found that spleen cells from alloantigen-immunized mice released
      active MLR-TsF after freeze-thaw lysis. Upon restimulation with the same priming
      alloantigen, MLR-TsF was secreted into culture supernatants, and the rate of
      secretion was determined to be nearly constant. Although colchicine and
      vinblastine, which bind to microtubules, are known inhibitors of lectin-induced
      proliferation, it was demonstrated that these drugs had no effect on the
      secretion of MLR-TsF. However, cytochalasin B, an inhibitor which also binds to
      some cytoskeletal and membrane-associated proteins, did inhibit the production of
      MLR-TsF. The above findings indicated that the activation-secretion mechanism of
      of MLR-TsF was much like that described for lymphotoxin and macrophage migration
      inhibition factors. The dissociation between DNA synthesis and lymphokine
      secretion was also demonstrated in the MLR-TsF system. DNA synthesis plays no
      role in the in vitro production of suppressor factor, as determined by resistance
      to treatment with mitomycin C and gamma-irradiation. However, new protein
      synthesis is required as indicated by the potent inhibitory effects of
      cycloheximide. Experiments utilizing timed addition and removal of cycloheximide
      defined a broad period of drug sensitivity, starting from the beginning of
      culture and lasting for 12 to 16 hr. In addition, experiments measuring the
      effect of cycloheximide on the MLR-TsF content of cell lysates demonstrated that
      the cell-associated lymphokine activity is lost when protein synthesis is
      interrupted. These experiments support the conclusion that MLR-TsF is synthesized
      de novo in culture. In addition, the secretory process itself may require protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 156209
TI  - Human macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG). II. Immunologic definition
      of T cell and null cell MICG and the biologic effect of antiserum to MICG.
AB  - Thymus cell-derived macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (T-MICG) is a 225,000
      dalton protein, selectively synthesized in human T cells. Null cell-derived
      macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (N-MICG) is a 185,000-dalton protein,
      synthesized in null cells, and antigenically distinct from T-MICG. Evidence to
      support these conclusions was provided by using isolated cell preparations that
      were radiolabeled, lysed in desoxycholate, and precipitated with monospecific
      antiserum to each component. These studies demonstrated that antiserum to T-MICG
      precipitated a 225,000 dalton protein from PBL and T cells, but not from B or
      null cells. Antiserum to N-MICG reacted with a 185,000 dalton protein present in
      PBL and null cells, but not with lysates from either T or B cells. The plasma
      membrane distribution of these proteins was shown by absorption of antiserum to T
      + N-MICG with either isolated T or null cells. Antibody-induced cytotoxicity and
      immunofluorescence confirmed the cell surface location of T and N-MICG. Divergent
      biologic effects of these antisera were also noted. Antiserum to T-MICG inhibited
      T cell rosette formation and the one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction, although anti
      N-MICG antiserum had no such effect. The potential importance of these proteins
      is discussed.

PMID- 156210
TI  - Macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG): a novel protein from mouse
      lymphocytes. III. Relationship to the mixed lymphocyte reaction and effect of
      anti-MICG antiserum in vivo.
AB  - In the present communication we have examined the relationship between the
      synthesis of macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG) and the mixed
      lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In addition, we have studied in vivo the effect of
      antiserum to MICG on the antibody response to sheep red blood cells. The
      experiments indicate that MICG synthesis compared to either IgM or total protein
      is selectively stimulated in responder T cells exposed to allogeneic stimulator
      cells in the MLR. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies utilizing anti-MICG antiserum
      demonstrated that T cells bearing MICG on their surface are an essential
      component of the responder cell population in the MLR. In vivo administration of
      antiserum to MICG significantly suppressed both the primary and secondary
      antibody response to sheep red blood cells. A possible mechanism for this
      suppression is discussed.

PMID- 156211
TI  - Immunosuppressive activity of canine pulmonary surface active material.

PMID- 156212
TI  - Inhibition of T cell-mediated cytolysis by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG): differential
      effect of 2-DG on effector cells isolated early or late after alloantigenic
      stimulation in vitro.
AB  - The effect of the hexose analogue 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on the functional
      activity of various populations of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been
      compared. Under aerobic conditions, CTL harvested at the peak of the response
      (day 4) in primary or secondary mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) were much more
      readily inhibited by 2-DG that CTL obtained from MLC at later times (day 11 to
      18) or from the peritoneal cavity of alloimmune mice. Quantitatively, 0.4 mM 2-DG
      was sufficpient to inhibit cytolysis by 50% in day 4 CTL populatons, whereas 25
      mM had little or no effect on day 11 to 18 CTL. Evidence was obtained that
      inhibition of cytolysis by 2-DG under these conditions was accompanied by a
      parallel inhibition of effector:target cell binding. In contradistinction to
      these findings, the cytolytic activity of both day 4 and day 11 MLC cells was
      readily inhibited by 2-DG under conditions where cell respiration was blocked by
      sodium azide. Furthermore, uptake of radiolabeled 2-DG was observed under aerobic
      conditions in both day 4 and day 11 MLC cells. These results strongly suggest
      that inhibition of cytolysis by 2-DG under aerobic conditions is mediated via a
      direct effect on CTL which is independent of the consequences of energy
      depletion. An indirect method by which CTL may be inhibited by 2-DG is suggested.

PMID- 156213
TI  - Soluble helper factor(s) participates in the generation of cell mediated
      cytotoxicity directed against syngeneic tumor cells.

PMID- 156215
TI  - Con A-inducible suppression of MLC: evidence for mediation by the TH2 + T cell
      subset in man.
AB  - Human peripheral lymphoid cells pretreated with Concanavalin A for 48 hr can
      markedly suppress the proliferative response of untreated autologous lymphoid
      cells in MLC. Isolation studies with Sephadex G-200 anti-F(ab')2 affinity
      chromatography, nylon adherence, and E rosetting indicate that the Con A-induced
      suppressor cell is a T cell. Further fractionation into TH2+ and TH2- cell
      subsets with an equine-anti TH2 serum show that both subsets can be activated by
      Con A to an equivalent degree. After activation only the TH2+ subset can suppress
      autologous responder cells in MLC. The TH2- subset, which comprises 80% of
      peripheral human T cells, although induced by Con A to proliferate, cannot itself
      suppress the MLC response. Nevertheless, the TH2- subset can be shown to modulate
      the generation of suppressor TH2+ cells at 24 hr but not at 48 hr. These studies
      support the notion that the Con A-induced suppressor cell is confined to a
      distinct T cell subset in man and that T-T interactions are important in the
      overall expression of the immune response.

PMID- 156214
TI  - Suppression of cell-mediated immune reactions by monosaccharides.
AB  - Various monosaccharides have been shown capable of inhibiting lymphokine activity
      in in vitro assay systems. In this study, we demonstrate that L-fucose can
      inhibit the ability of lymphokine-containing supernatants to induce skin
      reactions or cause reductions in the macrophage content of peritoneal exudates.
      Moreover, L-fucose can inhibit the cutaneous delayed hyoersensitivity reaction
      and the peritoneal macrophage disappearance reaction (MDR) induced by antigen in
      actively immunized guinea pigs. The effect of L-rhamnose, another sugar with in
      vitro inhibitory activity, was investigated in the MDR, and was also shown to be
      inhibitory. L-arabinose, which has no in vitro effects on lymphokines, had no
      suppressive effect on any of the in vivo systems studied. No monosaccharide
      inhibition of Arthus reactions or nonspecific inflammation could be found in
      these studies. The results demonstrate that monosaccharides capable of inhibiting
      lymphokine activity in vitro are effective in suppressing in vivo manifestations
      of cellular immunity.

PMID- 156216
TI  - Regulatory T cell subpopulations in pregnancy. I. Evidence for suppressive
      activity of the early phase of MLR.
AB  - Previous in vivo experiments have provided evidence of suppressive activity
      induced by multiple allogeneic pregnancies. The reactivity of maternal spleen
      cells toward paternal strain alloantigens was investigated by use of MLR
      microculture technique. A study of the kinetics of the MLR showed an early peak
      of reactivity (48-hr culture) followed by a decline leading to a decreased
      reactivity by 96 hr when spleen cells from allogeneically pregnant mice were
      compared to those of virgin or even isogeneically pregnant mice, suggesting the
      possible action of MLR regulatory cells. A strong suppression of a H-2k (CBA)
      anti-H-2a (A/J) or anti-H-2d (C57BL/Ks) MLR was observed when mitomycin-treated
      spleen cells from CBA mice multiparous by A/J or C57BL/Ks (but not CBA) males
      were added to the culture. This suppression was abolished by treating the
      regulatory cell population with anti-theta serum plus complement or replacing the
      1% normal mouse serum in the medium by a proper antiidiotypic mouse serum.

PMID- 156217
TI  - Studies of the mechanisms for the induction of in vivo tumor immunity. IV.
      Enhancement of the in vitro generation of secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic
      response by normal peritoneal macrophages and their culture supernatants.
AB  - The effect of macrophages on the induction of the cell-mediated cytotoxicity
      against a leukemia in a syngeneic system was investigated. The addition of
      exogenous peritoneal cells from normal C57BL/6 MIce enhanced the in vitro
      secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic response of both spleen and lymph node cells as
      responding cells against syngeneic FBL-3 leukemia. Peritoneal phagocytic
      macrophages seemed to be responsible for the enhancement. No inhibitory effect
      was demonstrated by the addition of peritoneal macrophages at a concentration as
      high as 20%, whereas the primary cytotoxic allograft response was significantly
      suppressed. In the present studies, there was no absolute restriction of
      macrophage-T cell interaction by an H-2 barrier. Supernatants of peritoneal
      macrophage cultures also enhanced this cell-mediated cytotoxic response. There
      was no difference between the effects of syngeneic or allogeneic peritoneal
      macrophage culture supernatants.

PMID- 156218
TI  - Limiting dilution analysis of alloantigen-reactive T lymphocytes. I. Comparison
      of precursor frequencies for proliferative and cytolytic responses.

PMID- 156219
TI  - Search for suppression of T cells specific for the second nonhost H-2 haplotype
      in F1 leads to P irradiation bone marrow chimeras.

PMID- 156220
TI  - DRw antisera react with activated T cells.
AB  - Nylon wool-purified T cells appear to be nonreactive in a lymphocytotoxicity
      assay with HLA-DRw antisera and complement before cell activation. However, after
      activation in mixed lymphocyte culture, responder cells express determinants that
      are strongly reactive with DRw alloantisera after 6 days and gradually disappear
      by 16 to 18 days. Restimulation of the primed cells resulted in re-expression of
      the blast determinants. Mitogenic stimulation with Con A or purified PHA (HA-17)
      also resulted in temporary expression of these determinants; reactivity usually
      conformed to DRw genetic restriction; however, occasional extra reactions
      occurred that were variable depending on the method of activation (i.e., MLC, Con
      A, or HA-17). The results suggest the presence of additional allospecificities
      within some of the DRw antisera that react with "Ia-like" antigens on activated
      cells from unique subsets of T cells. Whether these DRw antisera contain
      antibodies against T cells or agains activation or differentiation T cell
      antigens is not as yet clear.

PMID- 156221
TI  - Lung tumor-reactive cytotoxic lymphocytes generated in mixed lymphocyte reaction
      between C3HfeB/HeN (H-2kb) and C3H/HeN (H-2k) strain mice.
AB  - The tumor-associated transplantation antigen expressed by several
      transplacentally induced lung tumors of C3HfeB/HeN mice (H-2kb haplotype) has
      previously been shown to exist as a normal tissue alloantigen in mice of known H
      2k and H-2a haplotypes. This antigen is not expressed in normal tissues of
      C3HfeB/HeN mice but is expressed in C3H/HeN mice, the strain from which the
      C3HfeB/HeN mice were originally derived. The present study indicates that spleen
      cells from C3HfeB/HeN and C3H/HeN mice respond reciprocally in the mixed
      lymphocyte reaction. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for the tumor-associated
      alloantigen can be readily generated in mixed lymphocyte reactions in which
      spleen cells from C3HfeB/HeN mice are reacted with x-irradiated spleen cells from
      C3H/HeN or A strain mice. These cells are effective in suppressing the growth of
      the C3HfeB/HeN-derived lung tumor 85 in x-irradiated syngeneic recipients.

PMID- 156223
TI  - Ultraviolet (UV) sensitive leukocyte allostimulation cross-reacts with UV
      resistant sperm.

PMID- 156222
TI  - Mechanism of immunosuppression of progesterone on maternal lymphocyte activation
      during pregnancy.

PMID- 156224
TI  - A biochemical analysis of the membrane-associated gene products of major
      histocompatibility complex of the rat.

PMID- 156225
TI  - Evaluation of the role of C4 in the cellular immune response in vitro.

PMID- 156226
TI  - Amplification of the proliferative response to alloantigen by a factor present in
      an extract of syngeneic thymic lymphoid cells: demonstration of optimal
      conditions and target cell for factor activity.
AB  - A factor extracted from syngeneic thymic lymphoid cells (thymocytes) is shown to
      amplify the proliferative (MLC) response of syngeneic lymphoid cells to
      alloantigen in vitro. The optimal conditions for an effect of the thymus factor
      are quantitatively defined by kinetic and dose-response studies. Other variables
      that could potentially influence the activity of the thymus factor, such as the
      presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and the source of alloantigen, are identified.
      Factor activity can be recovered from semi-allogeneic thymocytes, as well as
      syngeneic thymocytes. The factor appears to predominantly effect the
      proliferative response of T cells localized in peripheral lymphoid organs. As
      such, this factor appears to be distinct from the variety of previously described
      factors derived from thymic reticuloepithelial elements that are thought to
      primarily induce the differentiation of T cell precursors found predominantly in
      bone marrow. Several possible mechanisms of action of this thymocyte-derived
      factor are considered.

PMID- 156227
TI  - Induction of autoreactive cells by the preculture of human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells with the autologous fresh plasma.
AB  - An AMLR in which precultured cells proliferated in response to fresh non-T cells
      is described. In our system, the responder is human peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells precultured in the autologous fresh plasma for up to 16 days, and the
      stimulator is fresh autologous non-T cells. Results suggested that there were two
      subpopulations of autoreactive cells obtained from the preculture; the high and
      low density small lymphocytes, both having ERF activity. The autoreactivity of
      low density cells was augmented when either macrophages or N-ERF-cells were
      depleted from PBM and thereafter precultures wre performed. A survey of the
      functional characteristics of the responding cells showed that the responding
      cells had NK activity against Molt-4 cells but had no significant ADCC activity
      against target CRBC. Mechanisms for the induction of autoreactive cells by the
      preculture in the presence of autologous fresh plasma are discussed.

PMID- 156228
TI  - The differentiation of cytotoxic T cells in vitro. I. Amplifying factor(s) in the
      primary response is Lyt 1 + cell dependent.
AB  - Within 15 hr of establishment of a murine mixed lymphocyte culture, a soluble
      mediator was produced that was capable of augmenting primary cytotoxic responses
      to alloantigen. The factor did not induce responsiveness in the absence of
      antigen, since the amplified response seen in its presence was specific for the
      stimulating alloantigen. The factor did not therefore appear to function by
      polyclonal activation of cytotoxic precursor cells. Production of the amplifying
      factor(s) was induced by unfractionated spleen cells, but not by cells subjected
      to UV irradiation or to sonication, making it likely that this deficiency is the
      basis of the well-documented failure of these stimulator cells to induce primary
      cytotoxic responses. The amplifying effects of the factor were distinctive from,
      but synergistic with, those of 2-mercaptoethanol. Production of the amplifying
      mediator did not require cell division but was dependent upon the presence of Lyt
      1 + cells. On the other hand, Lyt 2 + cells were not needed for mediator
      production, but served as target cell population on which the factor exerted its
      action. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that direct T-T cell
      collaboration can amplify the differentiation of cytotoxic cells.

PMID- 156229
TI  - Isolation and characterization of actin and myosin from B-lymphocytic guinea pig
      leukemia cells.
AB  - Actin and myosin have been isolated from a guinea pig B cell leukemia line, L2C.
      The m.w. and amino acid compositions of these proteins are similar to actin and
      myosin from other nonmuscle cell types. L2C actin polymerizes to form filaments
      and activates the ATPase activity of skeletal muscle myosin. Actin in crude
      lymphocyte extracts does not polymerize as well as predicted from the critical
      concentration of purified lymphocyte actin suggesting that other factors in
      lymphocyte extracts regulate actin polymerization. Lymphocyte myosin polymerizes
      to form synthetic filaments at low ionic strength. Lymphocyte myosin binds to
      actin, but its ATPase activity is not activated by actin. Possible mechanisms for
      regulation of the lymphocyte contractile apparatus and its importance in a number
      of lymphocyte functions are discussed.

PMID- 156230
TI  - Limiting dilution analysis of alloantigen-reactive T lymphocytes. III. Effect of
      priming on precursor frequencies.
AB  - The effect of specific priming with alloantigens on the frequency of cytolytic T
      lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) has been investigated. Alloimmune lymphoid cells
      were obtained from the spleen of C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice primed with DBA/2 (H-2d)
      tumor cells or from 14-day unidirectional mixed leukocyte cultures (C57BL/6 anti
      DBA/2). CTL-P frequencies directed against H-2d alloantigens were estimated by
      limiting dilution analysis in a sensitive micro MLC system. Under these
      conditions, an apparent increase of 3 to 4-fold in CTL-P frequency was observed
      in alloimmune (as compared with normal) C57BL/6 spleen cells. Evidence was
      obtained suggesting that this increase was specific for the priming alloantigens.
      A much greater increase in CTL-P frequency (25 to 100-fold) was observed after
      alloimmunization of C57BL/6 spleen cells in unidirectional MLC. Under the latter
      conditions, 5 to 20% of the surviving splenic MLC cells could be identified
      operationally as CTL-P. A similar enrichment in CTL-P frequency was obtained when
      lymph node, peripheral blood, or thymus cells were cultured for 14 days in MLC.
      These studies provide direct evidence that the pool of specific CTL-P can be
      expanded after alloimmunization. Furthermore, the very high frequencies observed
      after in vitro priming indicate that this system should be particularly useful
      for future studies of the progeny of individual CTL-P.

PMID- 156231
TI  - Inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by fractionated niridazole urine
      dialysate.
AB  - Urine dialysate from rats treated orally with 25 mg/Kg 3H-labeled niridazole was
      fractionated by DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and was found to contain
      three radioactive metabolites and no parent compound. When human niridazole urine
      dialysate (NUD) was fractionated under identical conditions, fractions
      corresponding to the three rat NUD metabolites were found to inhibit the human
      one-way MLR. No inhibition was obtained with fractionated control urine
      dialysate. It was concluded that nonimmunosuppressive niridazole is metabolized
      by rats and man to produce three active compounds with the ability to suppress
      the in vitro response to alloantigens.

PMID- 156232
TI  - The suppression of mitogen- and alloantigen-stimulated peripheral blood
      lymphocytes by cultured human T lymphocytes.

PMID- 156234
TI  - Surface properties and in vitro functional capacities of human T lymphocyte
      subsets separated by linear density gradients.
AB  - Human lymphocytes derived from various central and peripheral sources were
      separated on linear density gradients (LDG). Cells from individual density
      fractions were tested in parallel for: the capacity to form nonimmune rosettes
      with neuraminidase-treated SRBC, the number of surface-associated HTLA, and in
      vitro proliferative responses to mitogenic lectins and alloantigens.
      Heterogeneous density distribution profiles were obtained for all sources of
      human T cells and revealed an organ specificity. The various T cell density
      classes obtained from identical organs as well as the identical density classes
      of different sources revealed to some extent differences in their surface marker
      patterns and/or their in vitro reactivities. On the basis of the combined
      techniques at least two major subsets among thymocytes were identified that
      differed in both surface properties and functional capacities. Density classes of
      T cells from all peripheral sources were distinguished from thymocytes by a
      homogeneous lowered HTLA expression. Whereas clear-cut differences in the in
      vitro functional capacity were observed between the two thymocyte subsets, less
      striking but still significant differences were found to exist among the various
      density classes of peripheral T cells.

PMID- 156233
TI  - Inhibition of in vitro cytotoxic responses by BCG-induced macrophage-like
      suppressor cells. II. Suppression occurs at the level of a "helper" T cell.

PMID- 156235
TI  - Activation of suppressor T cells in human autologous mixed lymphocyte culture.
AB  - Co-culture of autologous T and mitomycin-C treated B cells results in increased
      DNA synthesis in the responding T cells. T cells thus activated in AMLC exerted
      suppressive effects on both the proliferative and cytotoxic responses of fresh
      unstimulated T cells to allogeneic cells in MLC. The suppressor cells generated
      are sensitive to treatment with mitomycin-C. AMLC-activated cells treated with
      mitomycin-C failed to suppress both cytotoxicity and proliferation in fresh
      primary MLC. It appears that the AMLC reaction reflects an immunologic
      homeostatic mechanism. Since this reaction is defective in patients with CLL and
      SLE and the homologous mouse syngeneic MLC is defective in NZB mice, the failure
      of this T-B interaction may be related to the pathogenesis of certain
      lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disorders.

PMID- 156237
TI  - Perspectives and problems in cutaneous gerontology.

PMID- 156236
TI  - Steroid hormone metabolism in skin and isolated sebaceous glands: preliminary
      observations on the effects of age.

PMID- 156238
TI  - [A comparison of morphology (hypertrophy and dilatation) and electrocardiogram of
      autopsied hearts in hypertension (author's transl)].

PMID- 156239
TI  - Acne vulgaris.

PMID- 156240
TI  - Mutagenicity and mutagenic specificity of metronidazole and niridazole in
      Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Mutagenicity and mutagenic specificity of niridazole and metronidazole, two
      chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of human parasitic diseases, were
      studied with the ad-3 test system of Neurospora crassa. The results show that
      neither compound is mutagenic in resting conidia. In growing vegetative cells,
      however, both compounds are mutagenic in Neurospora crassa. Genetic analysis of
      the mutants indicate that niridazole induces predominantly base-pair substitution
      mutations. None of the niridazole-induced mutants resulted from multilocus
      deletions. The spectra of genetic alterations induced by metronidazole are
      similar to those induced by the monofunctional alkylating agents, EI, EMS and ICR
      177. It is suggested, therefore, that the mechanism of mutation induction by
      metronidazole in Neurospora is similar to that of monofunctional alkylating
      agents.

PMID- 156241
TI  - The in vitro generation and sustained culture of nude mouse cytolytic T
      lymphocytes.
AB  - In addition to allowing for the long-term culture of both murine and human
      cytolytic T lymphocytes, T-cell growth factor (TCGF) functions as the key
      proliferation-inducing second signal in both T-cell antigen sensitization and
      mitogenesis. The observation that thymocytes responded normally to T-cell
      mitogens in the presence of TCGF, prompted the investigation of the effect of
      TCGF on nude mouse lymphocyte responses in vitro. We found that spleen, lymph
      node, and bone marrow cells, isolated from nude mice, were incapable of producing
      TCGF yet responded normally to T-cell mitogen sensitization provided stimulation
      was conducted in the presence of TCGF. Nude mouse spleen cells were also capable
      of responding to alloantigen sensitization in mixed lymphocyte cultures (NLMC)
      conducted in the presence of TCGF. Thy-1 antigen-positive cells harvested from
      TCGF-supplemented nude mouse MLC effectively mediated the cytolysis of
      alloantigen-specific target cells as tested in standard 51Cr-release assays.
      Cytolytic nude mouse effector cells have remained in TCGF-dependent culture for
      over 3 mo during which they have continued to mediate significant levels of
      alloantigen-specific cytolytic reactivity. These results suggest that
      prothymocytes present in nude mice are capable of responding to immunologic
      stimuli by differentiating, in vitro, into cytolytic T lymphocytes and that
      furthermore, a major function of the thymus may be to effect the maturation of
      TCGF-producing cells.

PMID- 156242
TI  - Induction of polyclonal antibody synthesis by human allogeneic and autologous
      helper factors.
AB  - Human helper factors were obtained from supernates of 48 h unidirectional
      allogeneic and autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions. These supernates were shown
      to induce the production of large amounts of immunoglobulin by tonsillar and
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Abundant polyclonal activation to antibody
      production occurred in these cultures in the absence of antigenic challenge which
      was similar in degree to that produced by pokeweed mitogen. This was documented
      by quantitating plasma cells, specific plaque-forming cells, and secreted
      immunoglobulin. In addition, the supplementation of companion cultures with sheep
      erythrocytes resulted in a significant enhancement of the specific plaque-forming
      cell response without an appreciable change in plasma cell number of secreted Ig.

PMID- 156243
TI  - Dermatoses of the scalp.
AB  - By judicious consideration of the clinical appearance, by direct examination with
      magnification, and by culture results, skin biopsy, and other laboratory results,
      the clinician is able to diagnose most pathological conditions of the scalp. The
      scalp participates in many systemic disorders and frequently is the chief site of
      involvement. Similarly, many generalized disorders limited to the skin exhibit
      their most typical manifestations in the scalp. Whenever a diagnosis eludes the
      investigator, more than likely he or she has not considered all of the
      etiological possibilities or has not pursued an adequate laboratory
      investigation. A few scalp diseases initially present nonspecific clinical
      pictures. By utilizing follow-up examinations at appropriate intervals, the
      diagnosis can eventually be made. Once a diagnosis is made, appropriate treatment
      will generally produce satisfactory improvement or cure. Nevertheless, a few
      generally rare conditions will defy the physician's most enlightened and
      aggressive therapy.

PMID- 156244
TI  - Effects of cardiotoxin on ATPase activities of synaptosomes and mitochondria of
      the rat brain.

PMID- 156245
TI  - Reactions of 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde bis(N4-dimethylthiosemicarbazonato)
      cadmium with tumor cells.
AB  - The cytotoxic properties of a bis(thiosemicarbazonato) cadmium complex are
      studied. Preincubation of Ehrlich cells with the complex prevents growth of the
      ascites tumor in mice. Although the complex inhibits tumor growth without undue
      initial toxocity, longer-term side effects limit the use of the compound. The
      complex inhibits incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA and the respiration of
      tumor cells. It is shown in the principal correlation that the complex is more
      inhibitory of the above biochemical processes than cadmium ion at equal cellular
      concentrations of the metal. In addition the cellular reactions of the cadmium,
      zinc, and copper bis(thiosemicarbazonato) complexes are compared. It is shown
      that subtle chemical differences in their chelate structures appear to be
      responsible for their marked differences in cellular reactivity.

PMID- 156246
TI  - A biochemical--behavioral model for studying serotonergic supersensitivity in
      brain.

PMID- 156247
TI  - Pathogenesis of ano-rectal incontinence. A histometric study of the anal
      sphincter musculature.
AB  - Type 1 fibre predominance was found in the external anal sphincter, puborectalis
      and levator ani muscles of 17 control subjects, and of 16 patients with ano
      rectal incontinence. In the external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscles of
      the control subjects the mean diameter of Type 2 fibres was slightly greater than
      that of Type 1 fibres, but in the levator ani muscles of control female subjects
      the mean diameter of Type 1 fibres was much greater than that of Type 2 fibres.
      In the patients with anorectal incontinence there was marked hypertrophy of
      fibres of both histochemical types. This was most marked in the puborectalis and
      external anal sphincter muscles. In 12 of the 16 incontinent patients there were
      histological and statistical features consistent with a neurogenic disorder.
      These histometric studies provide a quantitative basis for physiological and
      pathological studies of these muscles in incontinence and other anorectal
      disorders.

PMID- 156248
TI  - Familial carnitine deficiency. A fatal case and subclinical state in a sister.
AB  - A 15-year-old girl with a large accumulation of lipid in the muscle fibers, was
      suffering from systemic carnitine deficiency. She died in acidosis. The blood
      carnitine level was normal. At necropsy, carnitine levels were low in skeletal
      muscles and heart, whilst a normal level was found in the liver. Carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase II and palmitoyl-CoA synthetase activities were increased,
      whereas carnitine acetyltransferase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (FAD) and
      succinate dehydrogenase were decreased. Investigation of blood and skeletal
      muscle of the family members revealed marked abnormalities in a 7-year old sister
      who had only minor neurological symptoms. Histochemical investigation revealed
      abnormal accumulations of lipid between the myofibrils. Carnitine was decreased
      in her skeletal muscle and blood. Muscular carnitine palmitoyltransferase II and
      palmitoyl-CoA synthetase were again increased in activity while glycerol-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase (FAD) was decreased. The activities of succinate
      dehydrogenase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and glycerol-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (NAD+) were normal. The unexpected normal carnitine level in blood
      and liver of the deceased patient was attributed to muscle wasting, which was
      confirmed by the very high blood level of creatine phosphokinase. This fatal case
      indicates that the fasting condition must be avoided in persons with carnitine
      deficiency. In crises, glucose supply is necessary since gluconeogenesis may be
      blocked.

PMID- 156249
TI  - The anatomy of the so-called "articular nerves" and their relationship to facet
      denervation in the treatment of low-back pain.
AB  - Disections of the dorsal rami of L1--5 were performed in human cadavers, and the
      course of the dorsal rami, their branches, and the innervation of the
      zygapophyseal joints in the lumbar region were specifically studied. At the L-1
      through L-4 levels, the dorsal rami divide into medial and lateral branches
      within the intertransverse ligaments. Each medial branch runs across the root of
      the adjacent superior articular process. At the caudal edge of the process, the
      branch turns medially beneath the mammillo-accessory ligament. Beneath the
      mammillo-accessory ligament, medial branches occur that innervate the adjacent
      zygapophyseal joint, and distal zygapophyseal branches arise at the laminar level
      to innervate the next lower joint. The L-5 dorsal ramus runs along a groove
      between the ala of the sacrum and its superior articular process. A the caudal
      edge of the articular process, the ramus divides into medial and lateral
      branches, and the medial branch supplies the L5--S1 articulation.

PMID- 156250
TI  - Susceptibility of kappa-casein components to various proteases.
AB  - In order to clarify the function of the carbohydrate moiety of bovine kappa
      casein, kappa-casein components having different carbohydrate contents were
      prepared by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Five adsorbed fractions so obtained
      had an identical peptide chain and contained carbohydrate moieties of increasing
      size in the order of components P-2, P-3, P-4, P-5 and P-6. The subsceptibility
      of kappa-casein components, having different carbohydrate contents, to various
      proteases was examined. kappa-Casein components were subjected to calf rennin 
      [chymosin; EC 3.4.23.4], bovine trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4], alpha-chymotrypsin [EC
      3.4.21.1], pronase [EC 3.4.24.4] and human plasmin [EC 3.4.21.7]. The component
      containing a larger carbohydrate moiety was less susceptible to hydrolysis than
      the component containing a smaller carbohydrate moiety. Rennin, trypsin, alpha
      chymotrypsin and pronase hydrolyzed each component with a different reaction
      rate. On the contrary, human plasmin hydrolyzed component P-2, but did not
      hydrolyze component P-5. These results indicate that the carbohydrate moiety of
      kappa-casein components to various proteases.

PMID- 156251
TI  - Gastroesophageal reflux among severely retarded children.
AB  - Of 136 institutionalized severely retarded children, 20 (15%) had recurrent
      vomiting. Of these 20, 15 had gastroesophageal reflux diagnosed by x-ray
      examination, acid reflux text, or both. Esophagitis was noted by endoscopy in ten
      of 14 patients with GER. Four patients were anemic and six had had one or more
      episodes of aspiration pneumonia in the 12 months prior to study. Reduced basal
      lower esophageal sphincter pressure was the most common manometric abnormality
      noted in the patients with GER. Responses of the LES to bethanechol and swallow
      were normal, as was the basal pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter.
      Abnormal propagation of esophageal peristalsis was seen in six patients, all of
      whom had moderate or severe esophagitis. When compared to the nonvomiting
      retarded patients, the GER patients had significantly lower mental age and higher
      incidence of scoliosis. Patients with GER who had basal LES pressure less than 10
      mm Hg did not improve with medical management. Recurrent vomiting is a common and
      serious problem in severely retarded children, the organic cause of which can be
      demonstrated by the application of appropriate investigative techniques.

PMID- 156252
TI  - Urethral obstruction malformation complex: a cause of abdominal muscle deficiency
      and the "prune belly".
AB  - Abdominal muscle deficiency with a "prune belly" abdomen as been a major feature
      of the so-called prune belly syndrome, which has been regarded as a specific
      entity, although the etiology and developmental pathology are not understood. We
      present evidence that abdominal muscle deficiency is an etiologically nonspecific
      anatomic defect which is secondary to fetal abdominal distention of various
      causes. One of the more common causes is urethral obstruction with consequent
      early bladder distention, causing abdominal distention and other anomalies, a
      constellation of findings which we have termed the urethral obstruction
      malformation complex. This interpretation of the etiology of most cases of prune
      belly syndrome accounts for the male predominance, the observed variability in
      severity, and the lack of a defined mode of inheritance. Recurrence risk figures
      need to be redefined for each specific obstructing lesion of the urethra. The
      possibility of early prenatal diagnosis and management of fetuses with urethral
      obstruction needs further study.

PMID- 156253
TI  - Systemic hypertension in a newborn infant.

PMID- 156255
TI  - Radiography in pedodontics.

PMID- 156254
TI  - Fine structure of a racemose cysticercus from human brain.
AB  - The surface of a racemose cysticercus from the human brain was studied by
      scanning electron microscopy and the tegument of the cyst by transmission
      electron microscopy. The surface of the larva is covered by microvilli of uniform
      shape and size. The glycocalyx of the microvilli bears knotlike areas positive
      for acid mucopolysaccharides. Microvilli are interconnected by a fine, electron
      dense network. The tegumental and subtegumental tissues vary in thickness from
      one region to the next, and the tissues below the vesicular layer are scattered
      irregularly, in a seemingly disordered manner.

PMID- 156257
TI  - Goldwater Memorial Hospital.

PMID- 156256
TI  - [Acne cosmetica (author's transl)].

PMID- 156258
TI  - Comments on: On the red blood cell Ca2+-pump: an estimate of stoichiometry.

PMID- 156260
TI  - Agranulocytosis associated with fenoprofen.

PMID- 156259
TI  - Surgical experience with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a replacement
      graft for traumatized vessels.
AB  - With the increased nationwide incidence of major vascular injuries, the need for
      interposition grafting has become quite common in major trauma centers. Despite
      extensive experience with such injuries, the choice of a substitute conduit
      remains controversial. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of expanded
      polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a replacement graft for small arteries and
      veins. The surgical services at the Ben Taub General Hospital began to use PTFE
      grafts in traumatic vascular wounds approximately 2 years ago. Eight axillary
      arteries and 12 brachial arteries have had interposition grafting with PTFE
      prostheses. Eleven patients have required PTFE interposition grafts in repair of
      traumatized common, superficial, and profunda femoris arteries and common femoral
      veins; eight patients had reconstruction in the popliteal artery or vein. Three
      patients had renal artery revascularization procedures following blunt abdominal
      trauma, three patient had segmental replacement of the superior mesenteric artery
      following gunshot wounds, and one carotid artery, one iliac vein, and two
      axillary veins were grafted with PTFE. All patients with segmental repair of
      axillary, brachial, femoral, and popliteal vessels have maintained good distal
      pulses and viable extremities. No grafts have thrombosed, nor become infected, in
      spite of soft-tissue injury encountered at time or repair. In situations
      requiring interposition graft placement for reestablishment of distal flow in
      small arteries and veins, PTFE grafts appear to be an acceptable prosthesis.

PMID- 156261
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis, autoimmunity, and vasculitis. A case report.

PMID- 156262
TI  - Forensic psychiatry--friend of the court.

PMID- 156263
TI  - Acute hypereosinophilic syndrome. Successful treatment with vincristine,
      cytarabine, and prednisone.

PMID- 156264
TI  - Povidone iodine skin sensitivity observed with possibly altered immune status.

PMID- 156265
TI  - Quantitative analysis of dermatoglyphics. (2) Dermatoglyphic patterns.
AB  - Using medical students as controls, we devised a method of quantitative analysis
      of dermatoglyphic patterns. We calculated the frequency of appearance of each of
      the patterns and obtained the probability of occurrence of the dermatoglyphics of
      each of the controls. We showed usefulness of this method by presenting some
      examples of congenital anomalies where this has been put to use. Furthermore,
      patients with congential heart disease were compared with controls by this
      method.

PMID- 156266
TI  - Exercise stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with thallium-201.
AB  - We performed exercise stress scintigraphy with thallium-201 in 88 patients
      including 31 patients of effort angina and nine patients of old myocardial
      infarction without angina. Sensitivity of exercise stress scintigraphy to detect
      effort angina was 77%, whereas sensitivity of exercise stress ECG was only 44.5%.
      The combination of stress scintigraphy with stress ECG enhanced sensitivity up to
      87%. Exercise stress scintigraphy was useful particularly in cases with one
      vessel disease and those who failed to achieve sufficient exercise stress.
      Besides exercise stress scintigraphy did not show false positive response,
      differing from exercise stress ECG. Myocardial imaging is a method which shows
      the balance between myocardial perfusion demand and supply.

PMID- 156267
TI  - Relationship between ischemic ST segment depression and left ventricular function
      during sitting bicycle exercise.

PMID- 156268
TI  - Importance of heart weight, weights of cardiac ventricles and left ventricle plus
      septum/right ventricle ratio in assessing cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - The present communication deals with the observations made during the study of
      140 hearts (138 from medico-legal postmortems and 2 from post-natal deaths). The
      formalin fixed heart was dissected to separate non-muscular portion (NMP), right
      ventricle (RV), and left ventricle with septum (LV + S). The weights of the
      different components of the adult heart were affected by sex and body built not
      by age or body length. In most of the hearts the total weight varied from 180 to
      320 Gm, the weight of RV, from 40 to 80 Gm, and LV + S, from 100 to 180 Gm. NMP
      was neither affected by age nor by ventricular weight. The coefficient of
      correlation between the heart weight and NMP was 0.93. Heart weight in Gm could
      be represented as equaled to 38.89 + 4.09 NMP. LV + S/RV ratio ranged from 1.64
      3.84 : 1 in males and 1.73--3.1 : 1 in females, averaged being 2.52 : 1 and 2.44
      : 1 respectively. No correlation between the weights of RV and LV + S was found.
      An attempt has been made to lay down the criterion for normal heart and for
      ventricular hypertrophy. The importance of total heart weight, weights of
      ventricles and the ratio is assessment of cardiac hypertrophy is discussed.

PMID- 156269
TI  - The estimation of heart weight from routine chest X-ray films.
AB  - A formula to estimate heart weight was derived using a theory of quantification
      which employed the measurements of cardiac silhouette taken from routine postero
      anterior projection chest X-ray film. The films obtained in 73 necropsied cases
      of essential hypertension, renal hypertension, mitral and aortic valvular
      diseases, and 62 necropsied cases with other diseases were used for derivation of
      the formula. The measurements of the horizontal distances from the midsternal
      line to the intersecting point of the lower margin of each rib along the left
      cardiac border, and of the greatest distance along the right cardiac border were
      employed; body height, age and sex were also included. The heart weight estimated
      by this formula coincided with the heart weight measured at necropsy with a high
      correlation coefficient of 0.81. The correlation rate in 34 external samples was
      also significantly high, being 0.72. These results indicate the practical
      usefulness of this formula.

PMID- 156270
TI  - [A case of arterial thrombosis successfully treated with a large dosage of
      urokinase--study on urokinase administration with special reference to alpha2
      plasmin inhibitor (author's transl)].

PMID- 156271
TI  - [Disseminated lung nodules with blood eosinophilia caused by gold therapy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 156272
TI  - [On the streptozotocin-therapy for malignant gastrinomas (author's transl)].

PMID- 156273
TI  - [Hygienic studies on residential mode in some public apartment houses. (Report
      2). Life in public apartment houses for the handicapped (author's transl)].

PMID- 156274
TI  - [Hygienic studies on residential mode in some public apartment houses. (Report
      3). Structure and equipment in public apartment houses for the handicapped
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 156275
TI  - [Acceptance of disability by the aged and their rehabilitation].

PMID- 156276
TI  - Homologous and heterologous connective tissue tube for vascular substitute.
AB  - A newly-developed vascular graft having many advantages over the fabric vascular
      prosthesis was evaluated as aortic and vena caval substitutes. Alcohol-preserved
      connective tissue tubes, obtained from dogs and calves, supported by polyester
      mesh were implanted into the thoracic aortae of 61 dogs and the superior vena
      cava of 24 dogs. In the case of the aortic experiment, all the tested animals
      were healthy and each graft was patent at the time of removal. In the case of the
      vena caval experiment, all the tested animals were healthy, but 10 of 24 grafts
      were occluded. Aneurysmal dilatation, immune response and regressive changes of
      newly formed neointima were not observed in any case. Moreover, no blood leakage
      through the graft wall was observed. Leakage at the line of anastomosis was very
      little. The great advantage of the graft was good endothelization of the
      neointima. Between the grafts obtained from dogs and calves, there was no
      difference in the process of their healing.

PMID- 156277
TI  - The correlation between humoral antibodies and rejection after renal
      transplantation.

PMID- 156278
TI  - [Glycoconjugates in human carcinoma tissues (author's transl)].

PMID- 156279
TI  - Human B-cell antigens in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Lack of correlation with
      other lymphocyte surface markers.
AB  - Cells from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia were studied for cell surface
      markers and B-cel alloantigens. Three cell types were defined. Those
      spontaneously rosetting with erythrocytes and not prossessing surface
      immunoglobulin or complement receptors were considered T-cells. Cells not showing
      rosette formation, surface immunoglobulin, or complement receptors were
      considered null cells and could be divided into two categories based on their
      ability to stimulate in mixed lymphocyte reaction. B-cell alloantigens were found
      randomly distributed on all cell types. The results suggested that genetic
      information for human B-cell antigens was present in all cell types and that
      other cell surface markers may reflect a stage of differentiation of the leukemia
      cell type.

PMID- 156280
TI  - [Role of certain factors in the development of postoperative pneumonias in
      gastrointestinal tract tumors].

PMID- 156281
TI  - [Aleksandr Nikolaevich Shabanov (on his 75th birthday)].

PMID- 156282
TI  - [Petr Petrovich Kovalenko (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 156283
TI  - [Potentials of modern research methods in the diagnosis of stomach cancer].

PMID- 156284
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic procedural errors and difficulties in surgery of the
      ileocecal area].

PMID- 156285
TI  - Studies on the pathogenesis of ischemic cell injury. VIII. ATPase of rat kidney
      mitochondria.

PMID- 156286
TI  - "Mandukaparni" in the treatment of leprosy. A preliminary report.

PMID- 156287
TI  - The evaluation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) as the enterogastrone.

PMID- 156288
TI  - Suppressor cells in the pelvic lymph nodes regional to bladder cancer.
AB  - Regional lymph node cells from some patients with locally advanced bladder
      carcinoma were found to inhibit the reactivity of normal and autologous
      peripheral blood lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte culture. The data suggest that
      suppressor cells are generated in draining lymph nodes of these patients by a
      high concentration of tumor-derived products and may have suppressive influence
      on host immunologic defense mechanisms.

PMID- 156289
TI  - Pulmonary artery banding in infants with complete atrioventricular canal.
AB  - Management of symptomatic atrioventricular canal (AVC) in infancy may be
      difficult. Between July, 1969, and September, 1977, 31 infants with complete AVC
      presented in congestive heart failure (CHF) to the University of Minnesota
      Hospitals. Fifteen of these patients have responded to medical management and
      have been followed as outpatients. The other 16 patients remained in CHF. Six of
      them died of persistent heart failure within 4 months. The other 10 infants, aged
      3 weeks to 1 year (mean 4 months), underwent pulmonary artery banding and seven
      survived operation. One of the survivors died with apparent pneumonia 1 month
      postoperatively. Each of the remaining six patients, who have been followed for 9
      months to 9 years, had minimal mitral insufficiency and a large ventricular
      shunt. The three patients dying after banding had significant mitral
      insufficiency. We believe that pulmonary artery banding is an effective
      palliative procedure for infants with complete AVC and CHF who have large
      ventricular shunts and minimal mitral insufficiency.

PMID- 156290
TI  - Successful surgical treatment of an aortico--left ventricular tunnel in a four
      month-old infant.

PMID- 156291
TI  - New approach to protein-losing gastroenteropathy.
AB  - Fibrinolytic activity in the biopsied gastrointestinal mucosa was investigated in
      patients with protein-losing gastroenteropathy, and the increased activity was
      observed in patients associated with erosive gastritis, Menetrier's disease,
      atrophic gastritis, or Crohn's disease. However, patients with intestinal
      lymphangiectasia showed normal mucosal fibrinolysis. Antifibrinolytic therapy
      with tranexamic acid revealed significant therapeutic effect in the group with
      increased mucosal fibrinolysis. It is concluded that tranexamic acid appeared to
      be successful in blocking the vicious circle of "membrane disorder","increased
      tissue fibrinolysis", "increased vascular permeability", and "hypoproteinemia" in
      protein-losing gastroenteropathy.

PMID- 156292
TI  - Exteroceptive, proprioceptive, and sympathetic activity recorded with
      microelectrodes from human peripheral nerves.
AB  - With tungsten microelectrodes percutaneously inserted into human peripheral nerve
      fascicles, in vivo recordings of single-unit action potentials can be obtained
      from different types of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. This technique
      of microneurography has provided a great deal of information about (1) the
      sensory innervation of the human skin, with its mechanoreceptive,
      thermoreceptive, and nociceptive functions, (2) the proprioceptive innervation of
      human skeletal muscles, special attention being devoted to the motor control
      functions of the muscle spindles and the fusimotor system, and (3) the
      sympathetic innervation of autonomic effector organs in skin and muscle, with its
      significance for, for example, regulation of temperature and blood pressure. The
      technique has its main application not as a routine procedure in clinical
      diagnostic work but as a research tool in basic physiologic and pathophysiologic
      studies.

PMID- 156293
TI  - HLA.
AB  - HLA typing in 1979 is more complex and more complete than in former years. The
      distribution of antigens in the HLA system and various methods of identifying
      them and of determining their structure and function are described. The
      usefulness of HLA typing in organ transplantation and paternity testing has been
      well established, and its place in blood component therapy is to some degree
      still conjectural. Detection of HLA antigens associated either positively or
      negatively with specific disease states has great importance for several reasons.
      From an academic point of view, these association may help to define pathogenetic
      mechanisms, and from a practical viewpoint, there is now good reason to believe
      that HLA typing may shortly be useful as a diagnostic and predictive tool.
      Further elucidation of the role of the HLA molecules in the immune response gives
      hope for better understanding of the immune and autoimmune disorders, which is
      surely the first step in defining rationally based therapeutic regimens.

PMID- 156294
TI  - Otitis media and the immotile cilia syndrome.
AB  - The immotile cilia syndrome appears to be a congenital defect in the
      ultrastructure of cilia that renders them incapable of movement. Respiratory
      tract cilia and sperm are predominantly affected. Bronchiectasis, sinusitis and
      male sterility are the main clinical findings. Situs inversus may be found. To
      these findings can be added otitis media. The defect appears to be a complete or
      partial absence of dynein arms which are believed to be essential for generating
      movement of cilia or sperm tails. Six patients suspected of having immotile cilia
      were compared to six patients in a control group. In affected patients, no cilia
      movement in the middle ear or nasopharynx was observed using the operating
      microscope. Electron microscopy of cilia from the mucosa of the middle ear and
      nasopharynx appeared to confirm the ultrastructural defect in two of six patients
      suspected of having the syndrome.

PMID- 156295
TI  - [Definition of a new approach on dentistry for the handicapped. The role of the
      dentist and definition of better material adapted to this approach].

PMID- 156296
TI  - [Diaphragmatic hernias as an associated symptom of chromosomopathies (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 156297
TI  - Selective decrease in protein intake following brain serotonin depletion.

PMID- 156298
TI  - Huntington's disease and its animal model: alterations in kainic acid binding.

PMID- 156299
TI  - Amelioration of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats: effect of islet
      isografts on plasma lipids and other metabolic abnormalities.

PMID- 156300
TI  - Metabolism of lipids in experimental hypertrophic hearts of rabbits.
AB  - Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in rabbits by subcutaneous injection of thyroxine
      or isoprenaline or by surgically constricting the abdominal aorta. Alterations in
      lipid metabolism were observed in these hypertrophic hearts. Thyroxine or
      isoprenaline treatment increased the fatty acids in the serum and stimulated a
      marked increase in total lipids, triglycerides, and fatty acids in the
      hypertrophied myocardium. Coarctation of the aorta, in contrast, induced a
      significant increase in these lipids without significantly affecting serum free
      fatty acids. Histochemical and morphological studies confirmed an increase in
      neutral lipids. It is suggested that the observed increase in fatty acids in the
      heart following thyroxine or isoprenaline treatment is related to the increase in
      serum free fatty acids, which is followed by an increase in the removal of serum
      fatty acids by the heart. However, the amount of serum fatty acids that is
      removed exceeds the amount that is oxidized, which leads to an increase in lipid
      stores. The increase in lipid stores in the heart following coarctation of the
      aorta probably corresponds to the decrease in myocardial concentrations of
      carnitine. Serum lipid levels following coarctation were not significantly
      different from those of controls.

PMID- 156301
TI  - Constitutive expression in Escherichia coli of the Neurospora crassa structural
      gene encoding the inducible enzyme catabolic dehydroquinase.
AB  - In Neurospora crassa the qa-2 gene, which encodes catabolic dehydroquinase, is
      under positive control exerted by the inducer quinic acid and an activator
      protein encoded in the closely linked qa-1 gene. In order to determine if this
      regulatory mechanism is maintained when the qa-2 gene is cloned on a recombinant
      plasmid and expressed in Escherichia coli, molecular cloning experiments have
      been performed using DNA isolated from a qa-1+ (inducible), a qa-1C
      (constitutive) and two qa-1 (non-inducible) strains of N. crassa. The results
      demonstrate that the level of expression of the qa-2 gene in E. coli is
      completely independent of the mutational state of the qa-1 gene. Moreover, the
      level of expression of the cloned qa-2 gene was unaffected by either an
      intracellularly produced inducer of catabolic dehydroquinase or by the general
      procaryotic positive effector, the CAP factor. The weight of evidence thus
      supports the conclusion that transcription of the N. crassa qa-2 gene in E. coli
      does not require the qa-1 activator protein and thus is not controlled by the
      same mecahnism which functions in N. crassa.

PMID- 156302
TI  - Difference in antibody production to hererologus erythrocytes in conventional,
      specific-pathogen-free (SPF), germfree and antigen-free mice.

PMID- 156303
TI  - Practical assistance for the handicapped.

PMID- 156304
TI  - "Prune Belly" syndrome.
AB  - A large sonolucent mass was first revealed by the ultrasonic echography
      examination of a fetus at 18 1/2 weeks' gestation, but was no longer present at
      28 1/2 weeks' gestation. The fetus was subsequently born with the "prune belly"
      syndrome. The case is described, and the possible causes, and possibilities of
      prevention, of "prune belly" are discussed.

PMID- 156305
TI  - 'Freezing' of Ca-regulated conformation of reconstituted thin filament of
      skeletal muscle by glutaraldehyde.

PMID- 156306
TI  - Tn554--a site-specific repressor-controlled transposon in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 156307
TI  - Structure and control of phosphofructokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - The allosteric enzyme phosphofructokinase binds its substrate fructose-6
      phosphate between two subunits of the tetramer, and allosteric effectors between
      another pair of subunits. The effector binding site accommodates both the
      activator and the inhibitor. The substrate cooperativity and allosteric control
      are mediated by these ligand bridges between subunits.

PMID- 156308
TI  - Cholesterol modulates activity of calcium-dependent ATPase of the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 156309
TI  - Ca-stimulated ATPase in brush border and basolateral membranes of rat duodenum
      with high affinity sites for Ca ions.

PMID- 156310
TI  - [Positive and negative side effects of cyproterone in women].

PMID- 156312
TI  - Action of dopamine agonists on parkinson-like muscle rigidity induced by 6
      aminonicotinamide.

PMID- 156311
TI  - Development and mechanism of barbiturate tolerance in glial cell cultures.
AB  - The effects of exposure of glial cells in primary culture and in continuous line
      (clone NN) to pentobarbital over various periods of time on cellular respiration
      and activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were studied. The
      results obtained in glial cells in primary culture were qualitatively identical
      to those obtained in glial cells in clonal line (NN). Both types of glial cells
      were shown to develop biochemical tolerance to pentobarbital as defined by an
      attenuated response to the depressant effects of a challenging dose of
      pentobarbital on cellular respiration in barbiturate-cultivated cells compared to
      those grown in drug-free medium. The biochemical tolerance was evident in the
      presence of glucose and succinate but not malate as substrate. This tolerance to
      pentobarbital was accompanied by increased activities of hexokinase, glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase and
      by a marked increase in the number of glial cell mitochondria as observed in
      electron micrographs. The results are interpreted to indicate a compensation of
      glial cells to the continuous presence of PB by an accelerated glucose uptake and
      metabolism, an accelerated metabolism of succinate, and an increased
      mitochondrial activity.

PMID- 156314
TI  - (Ca++ + Mg++)-ATPase of red cells in Duchenne and myotonic dystrophy: effect of
      soluble cytoplasmic activator.

PMID- 156313
TI  - Isoniazid therapy of Huntington disease.
AB  - We describe clinical and biochemical changes in seven patients with Huntington
      disease given isoniazid (INH) in dosages three to five greater than normally used
      in tuberculosis. Because INH inhibits the enzyme gamma-aminobutyric acid
      aminotransferase (GABA-T), and increases GABA content in the brains of
      experimental animals, it might correct the brain GABA deficiency characteristic
      of Huntington disease. Of six patients treated long enough to be clinically
      evaluated, one showed marked and two others showed signifciant improvement. High
      dose INH therapy carries serious toxic risks, which are influenced by patients'
      acetylator phenotypes. Nevertheless, results are sufficiently promising to
      warrant further controlled trials of INH or other GABA-T inhibitors in Huntington
      disease.

PMID- 156315
TI  - Parents' perception of counselling about Down's syndrome: an interim report.

PMID- 156318
TI  - The passive hamstring stretch test: clinical evaluation.
AB  - The passive hamstring stretch test is described. Using a modified goniometer it
      is shown that independent measurements taken by trained examiners approximate
      very closely to each other. This establishes the test as a valid objective
      measurement. The possible value of this test as a research tool in low back pain
      problems is discussed.

PMID- 156316
TI  - [Double-blind study of proglumide, zolimidine and carbenoxolone in peptic ulcer
      and gastroduodenitis].

PMID- 156317
TI  - [Histoenzymatic changes and dosimetric studies of some organs and areas, using
      diagnostic radioisotopes. Critical review of a 10-year experiment].
AB  - Ten years experience of dosimetry and study of the histochemical changes brought
      on by internal irradiation are reviewed. The research is broken down into three
      stages: 1) identification of enzymatic damage in small laboratory animals; 2)
      study of the dose really absorbed at various points of critical organs of large
      animals, 3) the collection of histoenzymatic data resulting from research on
      large animals treated internally with isotopes commonly used in diagnosis.

PMID- 156319
TI  - Living with a handicapped child: how can we face the strain.

PMID- 156321
TI  - Placental steroid synthesis from DHEAS during dexamethasone therapy.
AB  - Maternal glucocorticoid treatment affects estrogen synthesis by decreasing
      estrogen precursors. Whether glucocorticoid has any effect on the placental
      conversion of estrogen precursors to estrogen is not known. A study was therefore
      undertaken to investigate the effect of 100 mg of intravenously administered
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) on estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and
      testosterone (T) serum levels. The test was conducted for 5 hours in 10 women
      treated with intramuscular dexamethasone and in 8 controls during the last
      trimester of pregnancy. The initial E2 and E3 serum concentrations were lower in
      women treated with dexamethasone than in controls, while T serum levels did not
      display any difference. Following the injection of DHEAS there was a significant
      increase in E2, with maximal levels reached between 1 and 3 hours after injection
      in both groups. Maximal levels of E2 were equal for both groups. There was no
      change in E3 levels after DHEAS administration in the nontreated group, while the
      increase in the dexamethasone group was significant. A significant rise in T,
      with maximal levels reached at 1 hour after infusion, was similar in both groups.
      It is concluded that maternal dexamethasone does not inhibit the conversion of
      DHEAS either to E2 in the placenta or to E3 and T.

PMID- 156320
TI  - Silicone band sterilization with radiographic and laparoscopic evaluation.
AB  - Laparoscopic tubal sterilization, using a Silastic band to occlude the tubal
      lumen, was performed on 224 patients. The incidence of complications was low and
      only 2 pregnancies occurred. Further evaluation by hysterosalpingography on 97
      patients revealed 2 distinct images. The site of tubal occlusion was seen on
      laparoscopy performed on 7 patients. The radiographic and laparoscopic findings
      are discussed.

PMID- 156322
TI  - Complications of laparoscopic sterilization. Comparison of 2 methods.
AB  - A retrospective study of 5346 cases of laparoscopic sterilization with special
      reference to early and late complications was undertaken. In the 6-year period
      from 1972 to 1978, 846 patients were sterilized by the elasticized silicone-ring
      technique and 4500 patients were sterilized by the electrocautery method. The
      electrocautery method was complicated by electrical burns in 13 cases (0.29%); 3
      of these patients required bowel resections. Mechanical complications occurred in
      1.6% of the Silastic-ring cases, but none of the patients required additional
      surgery. The Silastic-ring patients had greater postoperative abdominal pain than
      the electrocautery patients, but it usually abated within 48 hours. There were 15
      cases of postoperative pelvic infection in the electrocautery group, and none in
      the Silastic-ring group. Bleeding from the mesosalpinx occurred in both groups
      and occurred more often with coincident suction D&C. Technical failure to perform
      the sterilization procedure was principally related to previous abdominal
      surgery. A substantial number of patients complained of menstrual irregularity
      and/or dysmenorrhea following these sterilization procedures. The majority of
      women reported unchanged or improved sexual relations. Improvement in sexual
      relations was reported by significantly more patients in the Silastic-ring group
      than in the electrocautery group.

PMID- 156323
TI  - Lumbar spine x-rays: what can they reveal?

PMID- 156324
TI  - Workmen's compensation for hearing loss...Pandora's box?

PMID- 156325
TI  - [Histochemical analysis of acid mucopolysaccharides in pregnant and normal adult
      women. Comparative study].

PMID- 156326
TI  - [Audit of a pedodontic program].

PMID- 156327
TI  - [Problems of school medical officers with children suffering from cerebral palsy
      (CP) (author's transl)].

PMID- 156328
TI  - [Weight of schoolbags in a Freiburg elementary school. Recommendations to parents
      and teachers (author's transl)].

PMID- 156329
TI  - ["Environment Day" and Public Health Office (author's transl)].

PMID- 156330
TI  - [The "health engineer" in national public health service (author's transl)].

PMID- 156331
TI  - [Comparative costing studies for in-patient and day-patient care of apoplectics
      in the rehabilitation phase (author's transl)].

PMID- 156333
TI  - [Ariston men hydor (water is best) (author's transl)].

PMID- 156334
TI  - [The public health office of the future].

PMID- 156332
TI  - [Health education and public health office (author's transl)].

PMID- 156335
TI  - [Where do we stand today with the problem of rehabilitation of chronic typhoid
      carriers?].

PMID- 156336
TI  - [In memoriam Franz Bauhofer M.D].

PMID- 156337
TI  - Studies of the combination of adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (alone or with
      other agents) for the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 156339
TI  - [Life and scientific activity of Prof. Kh. A Petrosian (1889-1961)].

PMID- 156338
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of industrial hand injuries].

PMID- 156340
TI  - [Rashid Rustamovich Talyshinskii].

PMID- 156341
TI  - [Nikolai Petrovich Demichev].

PMID- 156342
TI  - [Expertise of temporary and stable loss of work capacity in the sequelae of
      spinal and spinal cord injuries].

PMID- 156343
TI  - Steroid rosacea in children.
AB  - Steroid rosacea is a facial dermatitis clinically resembling acne rosacea.
      Fluorinated topical steroids have been implicated as the cause or precipitating
      factor in previous case reports mainly involving an adult population. Four cases
      of pediatric acne rosacea associated with the use of topical fluorinated
      glucocorticosteroids are described. The process worsened during the two weeks
      following steroid cessation. We recommend that fluorinated glucocorticosteroids
      should not be used on the face of infants and children.

PMID- 156344
TI  - [Effects of some environmental factors on epidemiology of renal diseases in
      children in Saratov and Saratov Region].

PMID- 156345
TI  - [Experience in organizing a resuscitation service for newborn and young infants].

PMID- 156346
TI  - Communication patterns in pedodontics.
AB  - This investigation examined communication patterns between 16 randomly selected
      senior dental students and their child patients. Interactions were videotaped
      during a regular treatment appointment and analyzed according to four
      Practitioner Communication categories and four Child Cooperation categories.
      Communication categories included Directive Guidance Behavior, Permissive
      Behavior, Coercive Behavior, and Other Behavior. Child behavior categories
      included Cooperation, Resistance, Noncooperation, and Other. The probability that
      a given category of child's behavior would follow a given category of
      practitioner's behavior was calculated. Results indicated a .85 probability that
      Directive Guidance would be followed by Cooperation; a .67 probability that
      Permissiveness would lead to Noncooperation; and a .97 likelihood that
      Coerciveness would lead to either Noncooperation or Resistance. Practitioners'
      confidence was also considered; less confident operators account for 95% of the
      Coercive behaviors, 86% of Permissive behaviors and 87% of Uncooperative
      behaviors.

PMID- 156347
TI  - Cyanoacrylates in periodontics.

PMID- 156348
TI  - [Mechanisms and means of detection of accidents due to synthetic curarizing
      agents].

PMID- 156349
TI  - DNA polymerase alpha, beta and gamma activities in ultraviolet irradiated CV-1
      monkey cells.
AB  - To determine the possible role of DNA polymerase alpha, beta and gamma during the
      repair period following ultraviolet (lambda max : 254 nm) irradiation of monkey
      CV-1 cells, we measured the three enzymatic activities by using specific tests,
      either in crude extracts or after fractionation by sucrose gradient (5--20%)
      centrifugation at high salt concentration. When compared to the unirradiated
      control, we could not detect any significant variation in the levels of activity
      of DNA polymerases alpha, beta and gamma at any time (0, 12 to 48 h) after
      ultraviolet irradiation of the cells with doses ranging from 9 to 52.5 J.m-2.

PMID- 156350
TI  - Synthesis and coding properties of dinucleoside diphosphates containing alky
      pyrimidines which are formed by the action of carcinogens on nucleic acids.
AB  - Dinucleoside diphosphates of the general type pGpN have been prepared
      enzymatically using ribonuclease N1. Alkylated uridines or cytidines, which are
      products of carcinogens acting on nucleic acids, were tested in dinucleoside
      diphosphates for their ability to stimulate the binding of Ala- or Val-tRNA to
      ribosomes. O2-Ethyl C and 3-methyl C functioned as U, but not as C. In contrast,
      3-methyl U behaved as C, but not as U. Both O2 and O4-ethyl U could be recognized
      as C or U, although binding in both cases was weak. Thus, modifications of the
      hydrogen-bonding sites of U or C causes miscoding and could be considered to
      represent mutagenic reactions.

PMID- 156352
TI  - Being a camel is a pain in the back.

PMID- 156353
TI  - Rudiments of care--3. Helping the patient with work, or productive occupation.

PMID- 156351
TI  - Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, State University Groningen, Netherlands.
AB  - To obtain more information about the arrangement of Hind III restriction
      fragments in the tRNA-rRNA region of the Neurospora crassa mitochondrial (mt) DNA
      we have cleaved the mtDNA with Hpa I and Hind II. We could construct additional
      cleavage maps for these enzymes. Hybridization of rRNAs to Hind II fragments
      confirmed the existence of an intervening region of about 2,300 basepairs in the
      24S rRNA (Hahn et al., Cell, in press). About seven tRNA genes, among which the
      genes for tRNA1Ser and tRNAMetM, are located in a segment of about 5,000 bp
      separating the 24S and 17S rRNA genes. Another cluster of 14 tRNA genes is found
      adjacent to the other end of the 24S gene. The genes for tRNALeu1 and tRNAMetF
      are located in this cluster.

PMID- 156354
TI  - A new nursing perspective on the family with a special-needs child.

PMID- 156355
TI  - Drug eruptions.

PMID- 156356
TI  - [Spinal pain surgery: classical surgery methods and spinal stimulation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 156357
TI  - [The use of Atrovent for the prevention prophylaxis of the bronchospasm (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 156358
TI  - [Guide for parents in pediatric dentistry].

PMID- 156359
TI  - [Distribution of iron-deficiency anemia in districts of the Tadzhik SSR].

PMID- 156360
TI  - Termination of transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: influence of
      secondary structure of RNA transcripts on rho-independent and rho-dependent
      termination.
AB  - The effect of RNA secondary structure on rho-independent and rho-dependent
      termination of transcription of T3 DNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase has
      been studied by incorporating, into nascent transcripts, base analogs that lead
      to altered base-pairing properties. A guanine --> hypoxanthine substitution, with
      attendant weakening of secondary structure, abolished the rho-independent
      termination at 20% of the genome; in contrast, replacement of cytosine with 5
      bromocytosine, which forms stronger pairs with guanine, enhanced termination at
      this site. rho-Independent termination was not altered by replacing uracil with 5
      bromouracil. There are two major rho-dependent termination sites on the T3 DNA-at
      8 and 15%. The termination activity of rho in this system also depended on RNA
      secondary structure. The incorporation of 5-bromouracil instead of uracil into
      RNA did not alter the site specificity of rho action but rho was rendered
      inactive when cytosine was replaced by 5-bromocytosine. In contrast, replacement
      of GTP with ITP in the reaction increased rho-dependent inhibition of RNA
      synthesis, caused production of heterogeneous-sized transcripts, and stimulated
      rho-mediated ATP hydrolysis. The rho-associated ATPase activity, in the presence
      of isolated T3 RNA, was also stimulated by inosine substitution. Furthermore, the
      temperature-sensitive rho isolated from rho 15 mutant of E. coli, which does not
      terminate transcription in the presence of the common rNTPs, was active when GTP
      was replaced with ITP. These results suggest that strongly paired G.C-rich
      regions in RNA stem-loop structures or RNA.DNA hybrids are essential for rho
      independent termination, whereas rho-dependent termination requires weakly paired
      cytosine residues for its action.

PMID- 156361
TI  - Purified Escherichia coli recA protein catalyzes homologous pairing of
      superhelical DNA and single-stranded fragments.
AB  - Purified Escherichia coli recA protein catalyzed ATP-dependent pairing of
      superhelical DNA and homologous single-stranded fragments. The product of the
      reaction: (i) was retained by nitrocellulose filters in 1.5 M NaCl/0.15 M Na
      citrate at pH 7, (ii) was dissociated at pH 12.3 but was not dissociated by
      heating at 55 degrees C for 4 min or by treatment with 0.2% sodium dodecyl
      sulfate and proteinase K, (iii) contained covalently closed circular double
      stranded DNA (form I DNA), (iv) contained single-stranded fragments associated
      with replicative form (RF) DNA, and (v) contained a significant fraction of D
      loops as judged by electron microscopy. Linear and nicked circular double
      stranded DNA did not substitute well for superhelical DNA; intact circular single
      stranded DNA did not substitute well for single-stranded fragments. Homologous
      combinations of single-stranded fragments and superhelical DNA from phages
      phiX174 and fd reacted, whereas heterologous combinations did not. The reaction
      required high concentrations of protein and MgCl2. The ATPase activity of
      purified recA protein was more than 98% dependent on the addition of single
      stranded DNA. In 1 mM MgCl2, the ability of superhelical DNA to support the
      ATPase activity was two-thirds as good as that of single-stranded DNA.

PMID- 156362
TI  - Human platelet myosin light chain kinase requires the calcium-binding protein
      calmodulin for activity.
AB  - In an actomyosin fraction isolated from human platelets, phosphorylation of the
      20,000-dalton light chain of myosin is stimulated by calcium and the calcium
      binding protein calmodulin. The enzyme catalyzing this phosphorylation has been
      isolated by using calmodulin-affinity chromatography. Platelet myosin light chain
      kinase activity was monitored throughout the isolation procedures by using the
      20,000-dalton smooth muscle myosin light chain purified from turkey gizzards as
      substrate. The partially purified myosin kinase requires both calcium and
      calmodulin for activity and has a specific activity of 3.1 mumol of phosphate
      transferred to the 20,000-dalton light chain per mg of kinase per min under
      optimal assay conditions. Km values determined for ATP and myosin light chains
      are 121 microM and 18 microM, respectively. Of several substrates surveyed as
      phosphate acceptors (alpha-casein, histone II-A, phosphorylase b, protamine,
      histone V-S, and phosvitin), only the 20,000-dalton myosin light chain is
      phosphorylated at a significant rate. These results suggest that platelet myosin
      light chain kinase is a calcium-dependent enzyme and that the requirement for
      calcium is mediated by the calcium-binding protein calmodulin.

PMID- 156363
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial structural gene for subunit 9 of yeast
      ATPase complex.
AB  - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a segment of Saccharomyces mtDNA
      that contains the structural gene for one of the subunits (the
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein) of the mitochondrial ATPase complex.
      The sequence fits the known amino acid sequence of this protein with the
      exception of one amino acid. Codon usage is biased in favor of A + T-rich codons.
      On both sides of the gene, the nucleotide sequence contains less than 4%
      (mol/mol) G + C for at least 180 nucleotides; these A + T sequences show no
      evidence of internal repetition. The gene and all the A + T-rich sequence
      preceding the gene are present in a 12S RNA that is the major transcript of this
      segment of mtDNA. The nature of the sequences responsible for binding ribosomes
      to mitochondrial mRNA and for termination of RNA synthesis is considered.

PMID- 156364
TI  - Inhibitory spectrum of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor.
AB  - alpha 2-Plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2PI) has been recently characterized as a fast
      reacting inhibitor of plasmin in human plasma and appears to play an important
      role in the regulation of fibrinolysis in vivo. We have studied the effect of
      purified alpha 2PI upon various proteases participating in human blood
      coagulation and kinin generation. At physiological concentration (50
      microgram/ml), alpha 2PI inhibited the clot-promoting and prekallikrein
      activating activity of Hageman factor fragments, the amidolytic, kininogenase,
      and clot-promoting activities of plasma kallikrein, and the clot-promoting
      properties of activated plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA, Factor XIa) and
      thrombin. alpha 2PI had minimal inhibitory effect on surface-bound activated PTA
      and activated Stuart factor (Factor Xa). alpha 2PI did not inhibit the activity
      of activated Christmas factor (Factor IXa) or urinary kallikrein. Heparin (1.5
      2.0 units/ml) did not enhance the inhibitory function of alpha 2PI. These results
      suggest that, like other plasma protease inhibitors, alpha 2PI possesses a broad
      in vitro spectrum of inhibitory properties.

PMID- 156365
TI  - Plasmin-mediated proteolysis of casein in bovine milk.
AB  - Plasminogen was found to be present in bovine milk by crossreactivity between
      rabbit antiserum to plasminogen and casein prepared from milk by acid
      precipitation. This result was further supported by recovery of intact 125I
      labeled plasminogen from rabbit milk after its intravenous injection. Freshly
      isolated whole bovine casein was observed to undergo slow autoproteolysis at 37
      degrees C. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed gradual disappearance of
      major caseins accompanied by appearance and increase in intensity of numerous
      electrophoretic bands. This autoproteolysis was inhibited by low concentrations
      of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (0.1 mM) and diisopropyl fluorophosphate (1 mM);
      catalytic amounts of urokinase accelerated the process. Autoproteolysis of
      isolated bovine beta-casein was shown by both urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis to result in formation of gamma 1- and gamma 2-caseins. Similar
      electrophoretic bands were formed when beta-casein was degraded by plasmin
      prepared from bovine blood serum. These results support the hypothesis that
      bovine plasmin occurs in milk and is identical to alkaline milk protease.

PMID- 156367
TI  - Molecular signals for initiating protein synthesis in organ hypertrophy.
AB  - When chronically provoked to increased physiologic activity, organs increase in
      mass through augmented protein protein synthesis. This process of compensatory
      hypertrophy can involve cell division as well as cell growth. To test for
      molecules that might regulate organ size, by inducing hypertrophy, we performed a
      series of experiments using isolated, perfused, canine hearts in which the left
      ventricle was beating but performed no work. Hypertrophying hearts and kidneys as
      well as normal control organs were extracted and the extracts were perfused
      through isolated heart preparations. Before and after perfusion, RNA was
      extracted from fragments of the isolated hearts and translated in cell-free media
      containing [35S]methionine. Incorporation of methionine into protein was measured
      by liquid scintillation spectrometry. When perfused through normal hearts,
      extracts from hypertrophying heart and kidney were able to increase greatly the
      translational ability of RNA extracted from the normal hearts; corresponding
      perfusates from nonhypertrophying hearts and kidneys had no effect. Our results
      indicate that molecules that initiate hypertrophic organ growth are extractable,
      are generated by the cells of the organ under stress, and are probably similar in
      heart and kidney and perhaps in many other organs as well.

PMID- 156368
TI  - Cardiac energy stores and creatine in experimental cardiac hypertrophy.

PMID- 156366
TI  - Down syndrome: gene dosage at the transcriptional level in skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Chromosome imbalance (aneusomy) is the leading known cause of both spontaneous
      abortion and mental retardation in human beings. The primary abnormality is
      thought to result from quantitative changes of transcription products from the
      unbalanced genetic material. To document this point, I compared chromosome 21
      specific transcription in skin fibroblasts from subjects with monosomy 21, disomy
      21 (normal), and trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Polyadenylylated RNA [poly(A)-RNA],
      which is enriched in messenger and messenger-precursor RNA sequences, was
      isolated from the above fibroblast lines. Radioactive DNA (cDNA) complementary to
      these RNAs was synthesized with reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA
      polymerase). These cDNAs were hybridized with (i) DNA from a cell line with a
      mouse genome plus human chromosome 21 and (ii) mouse DNA. Subtraction of the
      amount of hybridization in experiment ii from that in experiment i yielded a
      measure of human chromosome 21-specific RNA sequences. The results were
      consistent with gene dosage at the transcriptional level; for monosomy 21-derived
      cDNA, 0.6% (of the total cDNA) hybridized specifically to human chromosome 21;
      for disomy 21-derived cDNA, 2% hybridized; and for trisomy 21-derived cDNA, 3%
      hybridized. Thus, for DNA sequences on chromosome 21 in human skin fibroblasts,
      transcription depends on DNA dosage. Characterization of the chromosome 21
      specific RNA sequences quantitated in these experiments could help to elucidate
      the mechanisms by which abnormal karyotypes result in abnormal phenotypes.

PMID- 156369
TI  - Effect of alpha-methyltryptamine on spontaneous activity in mice.
AB  - A standard dose of 10 mg/kg (48 mu mole/kg) of (+/-)-alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT)
      induced a significant and long lasting increase in spontaneous activity in mice.
      Pretreatment of mice with either pimozide or alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl
      ester HCl (AMPT) prevented the activity increase induced by AMT. In similar
      trials, methysergide or para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) were also found to
      antagonize the development of hyperactivity following a standard dose of AMT. The
      results suggest that both endogenous dopamine and serotonin many participate in
      the hyperactivity induced by AMT.

PMID- 156370
TI  - Mediation of footshock sensitivity by serotonergic projection to hippocampus.
AB  - The present experiments assessed the effects of changes in serotonergic function
      on footshock sensitivity, as determined by a quantified version of the flinch
      jump assessment method. In Experiment 1, depletion of telencephalic serotonin by
      PCPA injection, medial forebrain bundle lesion, or septal lesion, produced
      increases in reactivity which were correlated with reductions in telencephalic
      serotonin levels. In all cases, this increased sensitivity was reversed by
      injections of d, 1-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) which restored telencephalic
      serotonin levels to normal. This effect of 5-HTP had not previously been
      demonstrated in septal lesioned animals, and overall levels of reactivity of
      septal animals to other stimuli were also reduced by 5-HTP. Experiment 2 tested
      the effects of hippocampal lesion on the 5-HTP effect in animals when serotonin
      depletion produced by either PCPA or septal lesion. Hippocampal lesion, while not
      increasing footshock sensitivity further, significantly attenuated the
      effectiveness of 5-HTP in restoring sensitivity to normal. The results suggest
      that hippocampus may be an important site of action of serotonin in modulating
      reactivity to footshock, and that failure of raphe lesions to increase reactivity
      may be due to failure to adequately deplete hippocampal serotonin.

PMID- 156371
TI  - [Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. Part 19: On the inhibitory effect of
      amidinobenzylidene derivatives of benzo-condensed cycloalkanones on trypsin,
      plasmin and thrombin (author's transl)].
AB  - Amidinobenzylidene derivatives of benzo-condensed cycloalkanones proved to be
      potent competitive inhibitors of thrombin and trypsin. On the contrary, the
      antiplasmin effect of these derivatives is considerably less marked. The
      conversion of 3-amidinochalcone to derivatives in which the carbonyl group is
      incorporated into a ring, does not lead to fundamental changes in the inhibitory
      effect on trypsin and thrombin, whereas the antiplasmin effect decreases.
      Compared to 4-amidinochalcone, the 2-(4-amidinobenzylidene) derivatives of
      indanone-(1) and tetralone-(1) exert a stronger inhibitory effect on trypsin and
      thrombin. The introduction of a hetero-atom to the cycloalkanone component
      affected the inhibitory effect on trypsin and thrombin but insignificantly. From
      these results it is concluded that also in amidinobenzylidene derivatives of
      benzo-condensed cycloalkanone derivatives, the carbonyl function shares in enzyme
      inhibitor binding.

PMID- 156372
TI  - [Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. 20. The inhibitory effect of benzo
      condensed lactam derivatives of benzamidine on trypsin, plasmin and thrombin].

PMID- 156373
TI  - Effects of brain serotonin alterations on hypothermia produced by chlorpromazine
      in rats.
AB  - Depressing functional serotonin or depleting serotonin levels in rat brains with
      either p-chlorophenylalanine, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine or raphe lesions greatly
      enhanced hypothermia induced by chloropromazine (CPZ). Depressing the firing of
      raphe units or decreasing serotonin turnover in the brain with either a serotonin
      precursor (tryptophan) or the inhibitors of serotonin re-uptake (Lilly 1 10140
      and chlorimipramine) also greatly enhanced the CPZ-induced hypothermia. The data
      indicate that serotonergic activity in the brain plays a role in the elaboration
      or modulation of CPZ hypothermia.

PMID- 156375
TI  - Adaptive kneeler for handicapped children.

PMID- 156374
TI  - The "fakeability" of the attitudes toward disabled persons scale: form B.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for or against the
      "fakeability" of the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale: Form B. Form B of
      the Scale was administered to 25 women, between the ages of 19 and 24, studying
      at a midwestern university. Seven days later, the subjects retook the test and
      were instructed to fake their answers so that they would receive a higher score.
      The difference between the true scores and the fake scores were not found to be
      significant, and it was concluded that the Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons
      Scale: Form B is not "fakeable."

PMID- 156376
TI  - Evidence for a magnesium dependent ATPase in bovine rod outer segment disk
      membranes.

PMID- 156377
TI  - Estradiol and insulin: independent effects on eating and body weight in rats.

PMID- 156378
TI  - Two unusual umbilicoplasties.
AB  - We describe the creation of an umbilicus where none previously existed, during an
      abdominoplasty, and the cosmetic shaping of a stretched umbilicus after an
      umbilical hernia repair.

PMID- 156379
TI  - Morphine training dose: a determinant of stimulus generalization to narcotic
      antagonists in the rat.

PMID- 156380
TI  - Interactions among the cannabinoids in the antagonism of the abdominal
      constriction response in the mouse.
AB  - The ability of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol
      (CBD), 11-OH THC and 8 alpha, 11-diOH THC to antagonise the abdominal
      constriction response in the mouse induced by formic acid, phenylquinone, 5
      hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and bradykinin was tested. THC was an
      effective antagonist against all nociceptive agents with an ED50 in all cases
      between 1.0 and 2.6 mg/kg. CBN, while also effective against all nociceptive
      agents, was less potent than THC, with an ED50 range between 46.2 and 112.5
      mg/kg. CBD in doses as high as 200 mg/kg was without effect. Using PGE1 as the
      nociceptive agent, 11-OH THC was equipotent to THC while 8 alpha, 11-diOH THC was
      inactive. Naloxone, while able to antagonise the antinociceptive effect of
      morphine against formic acid-induced writhing, did not reverse the
      antinociceptive effects of THC. There were no pharmacological interactions
      between THC, CBD and CBN.

PMID- 156381
TI  - Hepatitis-B surface antigen and antibody: prevalence and persistence in
      institutionalized and noninstitutionalized persons.
AB  - A total of 426 persons were studied in an attempt to more clearly define the high
      prevalence of hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) seen among institutionalized
      persons. HBsAg was found in 63.4 percent of the children and young adults with
      Down's syndrome (DS) at the Central Wisconsin Center (CWC) and in 45.5 percent of
      those at the Northern Wisconsin Center (NWC). Significantly more subjects with DS
      had hepatitis-B antigenemia than age- and sex-matched non-DS institutionalized
      subjects. Antibody (anti-HBs) to HBsAg was found in 19.5 percent of the DS
      subjects at CWC and in 38.6 percent of those at NWC. The prevalence of anti-HBs
      was similar among DS and non-DS institutionalized subjects. None of the
      noninstitutionalized subjects had HBsAg in their serums and their anti-HBs
      prevalence was low (2.1 percent). HBsAg was found to persist for at least 10
      years in both DS and non-DS institutionalized subjects. However, persistence
      occurred more frequently among DS subjects. Anti-HBs persisted at least 10 years
      among non-DS subjects, but DS subjects tended to lose antibody sooner. The study
      findings indicated that the high prevalence of HBsAg seen in institutionalized DS
      subjects at CWC and NWC were not related to the age of the subject at admission
      nor to the duration of institutionalization.

PMID- 156382
TI  - The action of caffeine on X-irradiated HeLa cells. III. Enhancement of X-ray
      induced killing during G2 arrest.

PMID- 156383
TI  - [Severe fractures of the lower end of the humerus in adults (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have treated sixty six cases of severe comminuted fracture of the
      lower end of the humerus. Five main types have been distinguished: 1.
      Supracondylar fractures. 2. T-shaped fractures. 3. Trans-condylar fractures in
      which the fracture line is distal, detaching only the articular surfaces. 4.
      Diaphyso-epiphysial fractures. 5. Trans-columnar fractures similar to
      transcondylar fractures but with additional fractures detaching a fragment of
      lateral or medial epicondyle and a fracture through the trochlea separating the
      articular surface into two parts. Fifty-four patients were operated on to apply
      internal fixation. Analysis of the results based on critical criteria shows 53 p.
      100 of satisfactory results. The authors emphasise the frequency and severity of
      damage to the ulnar nerve. They conclude that the results are better after
      surgical treatment than with conservative treatment which should be reserved for
      distal and comminuted fractures. A new type of plate has been designed to be
      applied and fixed to the lateral aspect of the bone.

PMID- 156384
TI  - [The patello-femoral joint in osteoarthritis of the knee with genu varum
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have treated 63 knees with osteoarthritis associated with varus
      deformity by valgus osteotomies. The clinical and radiological state of the
      patello-femoral joints has been studied before and after correction of varus
      deformity. No correlation was found between the severity of tibio-femoral
      osteoarthritis and patello-femoral osteoarthritis. Medial patello-femoral
      discordance was found in 12 p. 100 of the cases. Clinical evidence of pain
      arising from the patello-femoral joint was more often found than evidence of
      radiological abnormality. It is concluded that pain arising from the medial
      compartment may be confused with patellofemoral pain. A five-year follow-up
      showed that the patello-femoral joint was not influenced radiologically by the
      valgus osteotomy but patellar pain was improved in most of the cases. Procedures
      to re-align the patella should not normally be associated with valgus osteotomy
      in cases in which patellar pain exists in association with osteoarthritis of the
      knee with varus deformity.

PMID- 156385
TI  - [Essential bone cysts].

PMID- 156386
TI  - [Bacteriophage therapy of septic complications of orthopaedic surgery (author's
      transl].
AB  - Seven septic cases have been treated by bacteriophage; two infections after
      insertion of  a hip prosthesis, two septic arthritis of the knee, one
      osteomyelitis of the tibia, one septic non-union of the femur and one septic
      complication following Harrington rodding. Only specific phages were used in
      association with several types of surgical procedure. The technique of treatment
      is described. All cases were long-term infections with resistant organisms.
      Results were good in five, fair in one and one case was a failure. It is
      concluded that phage therapy may be helpful in the treatment of long-term
      infections.

PMID- 156387
TI  - [Mycobacterium fortuitum infection after total hip prosthesis. A report of 3
      cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have observed three instances of sepsis due to Mycobacterium
      fortuitum complicating total hip replacement for osteoarthritis. The case
      histories are fully described. The requirements are given for recognition of the
      organism which grows on special culture media and which may be mistaken for
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This feature explains why, in some cases, the
      organism may not be discovered. Antibiotics were ineffective but the general
      condition of the patient was not greatly affected.

PMID- 156388
TI  - [Humerus varus congenitus (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of humerus varus congenitus have been treated by lengthening of the
      humerus using an external distraction device. The first was lengthened by about 6
      centimetres and the second by about four centimetres. In one case, primary bone
      union was obtained and in the second, secondary grafting had to be done. The
      clinical results were satisfactory.

PMID- 156389
TI  - [Ununited fractures of the femoral neck treated by cervicocephalic impaction. A
      report of two cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The cases of ununited fracture of the femoral neck, treated by a technique
      described by Brackett (1927) and modified by Merle d'Aubigne (1968) are reported.
      The femoral head was partly evacuated, care being taken to preserve its blood
      supply and then impacted onto the femoral neck. The results were found to be
      satisfactory.

PMID- 156390
TI  - Cimetidine fails to block functional antagonism of carbachol by histamine in rat
      trachea.
AB  - Histamine and dimaprit functionally antagonised the ability of carbachol to
      constrict the rat trachea in the presence of mepyramine. Cimetidine did not block
      the functional antagonism of histamine or dimaprit for carbachol.

PMID- 156391
TI  - A prospective study of low back pain.
AB  - Consecutive patients attending hospital for the first time with backache were
      entered into a prospective study, provided that certain defined causes
      (infective, neoplastic, metabolic and inflammatory etc.) were not apparent at the
      first visit. Amongst 188 available for analysis, 65% were discharged and 28%
      defaulted, together making a total of 93% who 'recovered uneventfully' (in the
      sense that they were no longer attending hospital) on average in about three
      months, 4% came to 'myelography' (radiculography using Dimer-X or Amipaque)
      including 2% to discectomy, 1.5% proved to have treatable underlying diseases
      accounting for their backache while 1.5% became 'chronic attenders'. Information
      available at the first visit (patient characteristics, history, examination,
      radiographs and psychological questionnaire) provided few pointers to what the
      outcome would be or how long the patient would attend hospital. In particular,
      routine X-ray examination did not provide clues to any important conditions not
      already suspected by the clinicians. A case is made for reserving routine
      radiography for patients who have not recovered within about three months.

PMID- 156392
TI  - Incidence of post burn hypertensive crisis in patients admitted to two burn
      centers and a community hospital in the United States.
AB  - Fortynine patients of 193 admitted (25%) with second and third degree burns to 3
      hospitals in different geographical areas of the United States developed a
      hypertensive crisis within three to four days after admission. The crisis usually
      lasted from 5 days to about two weeks. Serum sodium levels decreased
      significantly in hypertensive patients one or two days before the peak of the
      hypertensive crisis and, in the Center where it was measured, plasma renin
      activity increased in an opposite trend to the fall of sodium. BUN and creatinine
      reached their highest levels in hypertensive patients two days after the peak of
      the crisis. Autopsies were performed on 23 patients who succumbed to the injury:
      eleven of them (48%) were hypertensive and had marked hypertrophy of left and
      right heart ventricles and of the adrenal glands when compared to the
      normotensive burn subjects. The cells of the zona fasciculata and the zona
      glomerulosa of the adrenal glands were very compact at histologic examination
      thus suggesting hyperactivity. This data shows that the incidence of hypertension
      in burn subjects is twice as high as that of the US population. Further studies
      of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the adrenal cortical function are
      indicated by the changes in plasma renin activity and the glandular weight and
      morphology seen at autopsy.

PMID- 156393
TI  - Penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis: adverse effects.
AB  - The use of penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is limited by the incidence
      of adverse effects, some of which are potentially hazardous. However, adverse
      effects are dose-related and the advantages and disadvantages of different fixed
      and flexible dose regimes are discussed. The incidence of adverse effects is
      significantly greater in patients previously treated with gold who developed
      toxicity to that drug--no such increase being found in gold treated patients
      whose only reason for stopping gold was ineffectiveness. Rashes which develop
      after several months of treatment are variants of pemphigus and their various
      presentations are described. Fatal reactions, fortunately rare, are predominantly
      associated with aplasia of the bone marrow. Monthly haematological checks coupled
      with meticulous charting of the results may reveal trends as well as numerical
      changes and serve as an early warning of marrow damage.

PMID- 156394
TI  - Hypothesis for the pathogenesis of sodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin) induced
      immune complex nephritis.
AB  - Renal complications associated with gold salt treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
      occur in fewer than 5% of treated patients. Recent investigations have shown that
      the renal lesion manifested clinically as membranous glomerulonephritis is caused
      by immune complexes. This paper presents a hypothesis for the mechanism by which
      gold causes this lesion: autoimmunization due to released tubular antigen(s).
      This hypothetical mechanism is strikingly similar to that responsible for
      autologous autoimmune nephrosis in the rat (Heymann's nephritis).

PMID- 156395
TI  - [Targeted heart fluoroscopy in radiologic and internistic practice].
AB  - Fluoroscopic examination of the heart requires a special technique if it is to
      provide useful diagnostic information. Information can be obtained regarding
      coronary calcifications, slight enlargement of a heart chamber or great vessel,
      localization and extension of abnormal contours within the heart shadow,
      pulsatory phenomena at the heart border or the great vessels, and functional
      changes of lung structures during respiration. This information may be decisive
      for the further evaluation or treatment of the patient.

PMID- 156396
TI  - Non-inactivation of an x-chromosome locus in man.
AB  - Cloned fibroblasts from women heterozygous for X-linked ichthyosis (steroid
      sulfatase deficiency) were examined to see whether or not this locus is subject
      to X-inactivation. Of 103 clones examined, all had normal levels of steroid
      sulfatase activity. Two of the women studied were also heterozygous for glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. This allowed the demonstration that both X
      chromosomes were represented as the active X in various clones and that selection
      did not account for these findings. Thus, the steroid sulfatase locus, like the
      Xga locus to which it is linked, appears to escape X-inactivation in man.

PMID- 156397
TI  - Chemotherapy of parasitic worms: new biochemical strategies.
AB  - Many chemotherapeutic agents that are effective against parasitic helminths
      affect cellular regulatory sites that control motility, metabolism, chemotaxis,
      and egg formation. Serotonin receptors are present in several species of
      parasitic flatworms and appear to participate in the regulation of motility and
      carbohydrate metabolism. In Fasciola hepatica these receptors are coupled to an
      adenylate cyclase through a cellular component that requires guanosine
      triphosphate. Serotonin is the most potent indoleamine agonist, while lysergic
      acid diethylamide and its 2-bromo derivative are the most potent antagonists.
      These studies are revealing additional sites in trematodes that may be important
      for the development of new and more selective chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 156398
TI  - Exfoliative dermatitis: presenting sign of internal malignancy.
AB  - Exfoliative dermatitis is most commonly associated with antecedent cutaneous
      disorders, medications, and lymphoreticular malignancies. Three patients with
      exfoliative dermatitis associated with internal carcinoma are described. The
      importance of thorough evaluation of all patients who present with exfoliative
      dermatitis is stressed.

PMID- 156399
TI  - Greenville Shrine celebrates golden anniversary.

PMID- 156401
TI  - [Achievements in the development of burns treatment at the institutions of the
      Ministry of Public Health of the RSFSR in 1973-1977].

PMID- 156400
TI  - [Correlations of the level of plasmin system and blood serum hyaluronidase
      activity with pathology of the large intestine in dysentery].

PMID- 156402
TI  - [Epidemiology and specific prevention of tetanus in the RSFSR].

PMID- 156403
TI  - Children with SBH: a group apart?

PMID- 156404
TI  - Complications and follow-up of gastroschisis.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with gastroschisis were seen at the Red Cross War Memorial
      Children's Hospital between 1960 and 1977. Twenty-five children were operated on
      either by primary closure, by skin closure alone, or by the insertion of a
      reinforced Silastic pouch or patch. The mortality rate has been reduced from 62%
      to 33% over the past 6 years. Despite better metabolic and respiratory care and
      intravenous alimentation, serious complications still occur, particularly when
      prematurity and associated anomalies such as atresia or meconium ileus exist.
      Other problems were respiratory complications, ileus, perforation, gangrene,
      intestinal obstruction, enterocolitis and disaccharide intolerance. The long-term
      follow-up of some of these patients is described.

PMID- 156405
TI  - [Clinical aspects of the anti-androgens].
AB  - The ongoing development and gradual availability of the new anti-androgens hold
      exciting clinical implications for the future. The biosynthesis and
      interchangeability of the sex steroids, the roles of the ovaries and adrenals and
      the value and interpretation of biochemical assays in clinical practice are
      briefly discussed. Because the anti-androgens are used primarily for
      seborrhoea/acne/hirsutism/oligomenorrhoea, the pathophysiological basis of this
      socially debilitating syndrome is discussed. The classification of the anti
      androgens, their indications, side-effects, dosage schemes and results of
      treatment are reviewed. Finally, a summary of a possible clinical management
      regimen is presented.

PMID- 156407
TI  - Laparoscopy for the general surgeon.
AB  - A group of three general surgeons in a small community hospital found laparoscopy
      and laparascopic tuball ligations to be a valuable addition to their practice.
      Equipment costs and training costs are not prohibitive for a small hospital. The
      procedures result in minimal morbidity, and have enhanced treatment of
      gynecologic problems.

PMID- 156408
TI  - The comparative effects of muscle transection and median upper abdominal
      incisions on postoperative pulmonary function.

PMID- 156406
TI  - Evaluation of hysterectomized women seen at a clinic for treatment of sexually
      transmitted diseases.
AB  - Thirty-one women who had had total hysterectomies, seen in a venereal disease
      clinic, were interviewed and examined. Thirteen (31%) of the 31 women had
      acquired one or more venereal infections after hysterectomy. The diseases, listed
      in order of decreasing frequency, were trichomoniasis (four cases), gonorrhea
      (three), early latent syphilis (three), vaginal candidiasis (three), secondary
      syphilis (two), late latent syphilis (two), and condyloma acuminatum (one). These
      results indicate that clinicians working in venereal disease clinics must
      maintain as high an index of suspicion of sexually transmissible diseases for
      women with hysterectomies as for all other women.

PMID- 156409
TI  - Use of the venous cuff for graft anastomosis.

PMID- 156411
TI  - [Instruction and training keeps the back free from injuries].

PMID- 156412
TI  - [Experience with ambulatory care of patients with chronic nonspecific lung
      diseases at a central district hospital].

PMID- 156410
TI  - Effects of high potassium cardioplegia and hypothermia on myocardial compliance
      and distribution of water and potassium. II. The hypertrophied canine heart.

PMID- 156414
TI  - [Various current aspects in nursing care and treatment of patients with liver
      diseases].

PMID- 156413
TI  - Prune belly syndrome and fetal ascites.
AB  - A case of prune belly syndrome (PBS) in a 22 week male fetus is described. All
      the features characteristic of the syndrome were present: absence of abdominal
      muscle; dilatation of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelves; and undescended
      testes. In addition, there was marked ascites. The rectus abdominis muscles were
      entirely absent whereas other abdominal muscles were only absent centrally.
      Between regions of normal and absent musculature muscle fibers were sparse,
      enlarged, frequently disrupted, and mostly in the myotubule stage. The prostate
      was thin-walled and its urethra greatly expanded. The testes lay close to the
      corresponding ureters and each ductus deferens was only partially present. It is
      considered that prostatic dysgenesis and fetal ascites are key factors in the
      causation of PBS.

PMID- 156415
TI  - [Aspects of oncological stomatology].

PMID- 156416
TI  - [Frequency of recurrent herpetic stomatitis in children].

PMID- 156417
TI  - The petite mutation in yeast.

PMID- 156418
TI  - Removal of anticomplementary activity from human immune serum globulins by
      treatment with purified human plasmin.
AB  - Human immune serum globulin preparations were treated with highly purified human
      plasmin to remove their anticomplementary activity. The extent of
      anticomplementary activity removed and the amount of fragmentation obtained from
      immune serum globulin preparation depended upon the amount of plasmin added and
      the length of incubation time. The enzymatic reaction was stopped by removing
      plasmin with bentonite adsorption. Two types of plasmin-treated immune serum
      globulin that may be used for intravenous injection were obtained. One was a more
      fragmented product (35 to 45%) with lower anticomplementary activity, the other
      was a less degraded product (15 to 20%) with slightly higher anticomplementary
      activity. Antibody content of the former preparation was somewhat reduced while
      that of the latter preparation was virtually unchanged from the untreated immune
      serum globulin.

PMID- 156419
TI  - Transplantation in miniature swine. VI. Factors influencing survival of renal
      allografts.
AB  - Renal allografts were performed between and among animals from three herds of
      miniature swine that were selectively inbred to homozygosity at the major
      histocompatibility complex, MSLA. The results suggest several genetic factors
      which influence the survival of renal allografts in these animals. As expected,
      the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was of dominant importance, and all
      MSLA-mismatched grafts were rejected promptly (12 +/- 3.7 days). Some MSLA
      matched grafts were also rejected (30 +/- 15.0 days), indicating that non-MSLA
      loci also determine antigens which can lead to kidney rejection. Other MSLA
      matched grafts were accepted indefinitely. At least one immune response gene that
      determined ability to reject kidneys across non-MSLA differences seemed to be
      segregating in our swine population. Animals that had accepted MSLA-matched renal
      grafts for extended periods demonstrated markedly prolonged survival of
      subsequent donor skin grafts compared to skin graft survival across the same non
      MSLA difference in normal animals. This finding suggests that failure to reject
      kidneys across non-MSLA differences indicates systemic tolerance, and that there
      may be a relationship between the induction of such tolerance and the proposed
      immune response gene controlling rejection.

PMID- 156420
TI  - Transplantation in miniature swine. VII. Evidence for cellular immune mechanisms
      in hyperacute rejection of renal alografts.
AB  - Renal allografts were performed in miniature swine that were identical at their
      major histocompatibility locus and were presensitized by skin grafts from their
      prospective renal donors. All of these renal grafts were rejected in a hyperacute
      or markedly accelerated manner compared to the survival of comparable grafts in
      nonsensitized animals. Studies directed at the mechanism of this rejection
      revealed no circulating recipient antidonor antibodies by several serological
      assays. In contrast, mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLCs) and cell-mediated
      lympholysis (CML) assays demonstrated marked recipient antidonor lymphocyte
      reactivity that appeared after skin grafts, diminished during the tenure of the
      renal graft in the host circulation, and reappeared after removal of the rejected
      kidney. These results suggest that cellular immune mechanisms may plan a role in
      the accelerated rejection of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-identical
      renal allografts.

PMID- 156421
TI  - Stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation in vitro by cultured nonlymphoid tissue
      cells which do not express Ia-like antigen.

PMID- 156422
TI  - Effect of pretreatment with donor blood on renal allograft survival in dogs
      stratified by DLA match and MLC reactivity.

PMID- 156423
TI  - Use of HLA genotypically different donors in bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 156424
TI  - The clinical significance of pre- and posttransplant immunologic monitoring.

PMID- 156425
TI  - Long-term follow-up of renal transplant recipients using immunologic monitoring.

PMID- 156426
TI  - HLA-D antigen disparity and HLA-DRw antibodies in intrafamilial renal allograft
      survival.

PMID- 156427
TI  - Prediction of kidney transplant survival by the direct macrophage-inhibition
      test.

PMID- 156428
TI  - Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following marrow grafts from DLA-matched canine
      littermates.

PMID- 156430
TI  - Are D and DR antigens identical? A review of available data for man and the
      rhesus monkey.

PMID- 156429
TI  - Experimental skin grafting in man.

PMID- 156431
TI  - MLR-reactive thymocytes in the rat: Ia-positive stimulator and Ia-negative
      responder cells.

PMID- 156432
TI  - Significance of HLA-DR matching and of B cell crossmatch tests in vitro and in
      cadaver renal transplantation.

PMID- 156433
TI  - MLC and HLA-DR typing: their relationship and relevance for transplantation.

PMID- 156434
TI  - Rapid mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)--an aid for selection of recipients of
      cadaveric renal allografts.

PMID- 156435
TI  - Anti-HLA-DR alloantibodies eluted from human placental tissue.

PMID- 156436
TI  - Role of suppressor cells in transplantation tolerance.

PMID- 156437
TI  - Generation of protein-specific and alloantigen-specific suppressor cells
      following total lymphoid irradiation in mice.

PMID- 156438
TI  - In vitro generation of suppressor cells in human mixed leukocyte culture: a
      potential treatment modality in organ transplantation.

PMID- 156439
TI  - Studies of allospecific suppressor T lymphocytes induced and assayed in culture.

PMID- 156440
TI  - Induction of memory cells in vitro with an antiidiotype serum against the
      recognition structure specific for cells primed for histocompatibility
      determinants.

PMID- 156441
TI  - [Treatment of dental infections in pediatrics with erythromycin].

PMID- 156443
TI  - [Comment on the paper by E. Fuchs, H. Bechtler, R. Merkel, D. Franke, K. Henning
      and W. Schoeffner: "Emergency laparoscopy in accident surgery." This journal 81,
      601, 1978].

PMID- 156442
TI  - [Molecular organization of Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum].
AB  - The article deals with the results of studies on the structure and properties of
      discrete sites in a molecule of sarcoplasmic reticulum Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase obtained
      during its fragmentation in the process of its limited hydrolysis by trypsin. It
      is established to contain three fragments with the molecular mass of 45 000, 30
      000 and 20 000 Daltons. Some properties of these fragments are determined by the
      amino acid analysis, inhibitory analysis with application of radiactive labels
      and also of immunochemical analysis. The properties show that the first fragment
      is hydrophobic and the others are hydrophilic; these properties show that the
      first fragment is hydrophobic and the others are hydrophilic; these properties
      determine the location of the fragments in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
      The fragment with the molecular mass of 45 000 Daltons forms in it a nonspecific
      channel as if "sewing" it, two other fragments of the Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase are
      located at the outer side of the membrane, the fragment with the molecular weight
      of 20 000 occupying a middle position between the fragments with molecular weight
      of 45 000 and 30 000, thus creating a selective respect to calcium "valve" to the
      nonspecific channel. This discrete part of Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase possesses the
      ionophoric activity. The fragment with molecular weight of 30 000 is the energy
      converter. The site hydrolyzing AMP is located in it. The models (hypothetic) are
      presented for the Ca2+ active transpprt through biological membranes with Mg2+,
      Ca2+-ATPase participation.

PMID- 156444
TI  - Delayed extrusion of testicular prosthesis.
AB  - A case of migration and extrusion of a testicular prosthesis with erosion of the
      fixation tab through the skin is reported. Predisposing factors are discussed.
      Trimming the corners of the tab prior to fixation is recommended as well as
      anchoring it firmly to the most dependent portion of the scrotum, using
      nonabsorbable sutures.

PMID- 156445
TI  - [Surgical tactics in postoperative eventration in children].
AB  - As a result of a clinical analysis of 66 observations on eventrations in
      children, the surgical tactics in this condition is founded. 38 experiments on
      dogs have shown that the maximal disorders of protein metabolism and transport
      occur on the 6th to 12th days, that is during the period of formation and
      maturation of the connective scar. On the grounds of the obtained findings the
      authors suggest to use wider albumins, plasma and erithrocytic mass for weak
      patients in preoperative and postoperative management.

PMID- 156446
TI  - Back muscle necrosis of pigs.
AB  - The clinical signs and pathological features of back muscle necrosis (BMN) in
      four pigs from three English pig herds were similar to those recorded in pigs
      from mainland Europe. The observations made support the view that BMN is a
      special manifestation of the porcine stress syndrome. Diagnosis of acute BMN can
      be made clinically supported by the analysis of plasma creatine phosphokinase
      activity and can be confirmed post mortem by macroscopic and microscopic
      observation on the back muscles.

PMID- 156447
TI  - [Prevention of the diseases of piglets].

PMID- 156448
TI  - [Reliability (Vladimir Ivanovich Suprun)].

PMID- 156449
TI  - [Right-flank men (Iurii Alekseevich Fedorenko)].

PMID- 156450
TI  - [Burning passion (Vasilii Borisovich Ptushkin)].

PMID- 156451
TI  - [Relationship of swine resistance and productivity to the temperature of the
      quarters].

PMID- 156452
TI  - [Ecology of animal and avian viruses].

PMID- 156453
TI  - [Measures to control trichophytosis in cattle].

PMID- 156454
TI  - [PMS and the ways to improve its quality].

PMID- 156455
TI  - [Veterinary meat inspection of the slaughter products from nutrias].

PMID- 156456
TI  - [Let us raise the requirements].

PMID- 156457
TI  - [Decisions of the Party brought to life].

PMID- 156458
TI  - [Reserves into action].

PMID- 156459
TI  - [Work ahead is great].

PMID- 156460
TI  - [Sanitary measures in the prevention of poultry diseases].

PMID- 156461
TI  - [Shock work of a military sanatorium collective].

PMID- 156462
TI  - [Characteristics of human plasminogen activator and of a fraction of
      fibrinolytically active plasma enriched with this enzyme].
AB  - An activator of plasminogen with specific activity 203 AU/mg was isolated from
      blood plasma with fibrinolytic activity, obtained from blood of suddenly
      decreased patients. Specific activity of the plasminogen activator exceeded 88
      fold the activity of the initial blood plasma. The protein was identified with a
      glycoprotein, similar to beta-globulin; its molecular weight was 70,000 as shown
      by gel filtration; the isoelectric point was at pH 6.2. The plasminogen activator
      remained stable after heating up to 50 degrees. Effects of pH in an incubation
      media and of cations on the activity of the plasminogen activator were studied. A
      fraction containing the fibrinolytic activity and enriched with plasminogen
      activator was obtained from the blood plasma after fractionation at low
      temperature with ethanol at definite pH value. The specific fibrinolytic activity
      in the fraction exceeded 17.6-fold the activity of blood plasma. The fraction
      exhibited high thrombolytic and antithrombin activities in vitro. It was similar
      to streptase and streptokinase preparations in its throm-bolytic effect. Relative
      species specificity was found in studies of the fibrinolytic and antithrombin
      effects of the fraction containing fibrinolytic activity.

PMID- 156463
TI  - [Determination of the proper arterial pressure values and physical development
      indices in children 7-15 years old].

PMID- 156464
TI  - [Immunity status to tularemia in the population of Ivano-Frankovsk region].

PMID- 156465
TI  - [Role of cardiovascular diseases in the development of premature aging in non
      manual workers].

PMID- 156466
TI  - [State of vascular-tissue permeability and the histamine content in the blood in
      vibration disease].

PMID- 156467
TI  - [Structural investigations on lipopolysaccharides of mutants S SF 1111 and R 595
      SF 1167 of Salmonella minnesota (author's transl)].
AB  - The lipolysaccharides of two mutants of Salmonella minnesota with known chemical
      structure were investigated by X-ray methods. Both thickness of the
      lipopolysaccharide layer and arrangement of the molecular components could be
      estimated. Using these informations a space-filling model of the structure was
      built.

PMID- 156469
TI  - The molecular weight of rRNA precursor molecules and their processing in higher
      plant cells.
AB  - Actively dividing callus cells of higher plants (Petroselinum crispum, Daucus
      carota, Acer pseudoplatanus) were used to detect the primary gene product of rDNA
      in vivo. Parsley and carrot cells were labelled with [32P]orthophosphate. Under
      non-denaturing conditions, in both cases only one high molecular weight rRNA
      precursor was present on polyacrylamide gels. Its molecular weight did not exceed
      2.5 x 10(6) dalton. Under denaturing conditions, 2.0--2.1 x 10(6) dalton were
      determined on formamide gels. This rRNA precursor was already present after a
      labelling period of 5--10 min. In parsley cells labelled mature rRNA (25S and
      18S) arrived in the cytoplasm 45 min after onset of incubation. In Acer
      pseudoplatanus incubated with [3H]uridine two rapidly labelled components did
      emerge from polyacrylamide gels without formamide; their molecular weights were
      2.3 and 3.2--3.4 x 10(6) dalton. After electrophoresis in formamide, the larger
      component disappeared, thus indicating that it would be an intermolecular
      aggregate of different RNAs. From these results we have no evidence for the
      existence of rRNA precursors exceeding the molecular weight of 2.5 x 10(6)
      dalton.

PMID- 156468
TI  - On the dynamic model of tRNA: recent experimental findings.
AB  - Recent experimental findings are shown to support various aspects of the dynamic
      model of tRNA proposed earlier and the interaction between tRNA, mRNA and the
      ribosomal RNA's. Extra loop of tRNA molecule is suggested to play a role in
      recognizing the corresponding amino acids and a correlation is presented between
      the tRNA molecules and the corresponding amino acids as tabulated by the genetic
      tableau.

PMID- 156470
TI  - Circular dichroism and ultraviolet absorbance of calf thymus DNA in presence of
      CH3HgOH.

PMID- 156471
TI  - Electron microscopy of synaptonemal complexes in semithin sections.
AB  - The technique of osmium tetroxide fixation followed by a treatment with p
      phenylenediamine was applied to mouse testes in order to analyze pachytene
      nuclei. Observation of Epon semithin sections (0.25--0.5 micrometer) in
      conventional electron microscopy revealed the presence of positively stained
      synaptonemal complexes surrounded by unstained chromatin. The present results
      show that by using this method a suitable contrast and resolution can be achieved
      for semithin sections, which facilitates the topographical study of synaptonemal
      complexes.

PMID- 156473
TI  - [The inbred mouse strain STU. Development and properties (author's transl)].
AB  - The highly inbred STU mouse strain (up to 100 inbred generations) was developed
      from a German white mouse colony. Its properties are described with special
      emphasis on the occurrence of tumors, occurrence of C-type oncornaviruses and on
      its immunological reactivity. The predominant tumor is a fibrosarcoma
      (approximately 23% incidence).

PMID- 156472
TI  - A new mutant affecting aldehyde oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - A new locus, Aldox-2, which affects the activity and heat stability of aldehyde
      oxidase in D. melanogaster is described. The Aldox-2 locus is localized to map
      position 86 on chromosome 2, between c and px. Aldehyde oxidase activity in aldox
      2 homozygotes is approximately 25--30% that of the Oregon-R wild-type control
      strain. The enzyme from the mutant stock is much more heat labile than is the
      enzyme from the wild-type strain. Both the activity and heat phenotypes are
      completely recessive.

PMID- 156474
TI  - [Skin diseases in fishermen].

PMID- 156475
TI  - [Skin lesions caused by contact with blue-green algae].

PMID- 156476
TI  - [I. S. Beirakh].

PMID- 156477
TI  - [N. F. Rodiakin].

PMID- 156478
TI  - [Clinical aspects of pollinosis under conditions of dry hot desert climate].

PMID- 156479
TI  - [Incidence of tonsillitis during influenza epidemic in 1977-1978].

PMID- 156480
TI  - [Immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms in the manifestations of
      infectious allergy].

PMID- 156482
TI  - [Social and work rehabilitation of schizophrenics under the shop conditions of an
      industrial enterprise].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the results and effectivity of rehabilitation of 219
      schizophrenic patients with unfavourable variants of development, who worked for
      1--3 years in shops of an enterprise, intended for promoting the rehabilitative
      treatment and employment of mental patients. with the use of special rating
      scales, the efficacy of rehabilitation attained in therapeutic-occupational shops
      (TOS) and in industrial shops. The study demonstrated that the results of
      rehabilitation in conditions of a shop are significantly higher than the
      corresponding indices in conditions of TOS.

PMID- 156481
TI  - [Q fever in the Mordvinian ASSR].
AB  - In the serological (CFT) examination of patients with elevated temperature for Q
      fever positive results were obtained in 8.2--14% of cases. The number of positive
      results of the CFT in rural districts was higher (16%) than in urban districts
      (10.2%). A considerable percentage of positive results was observed among the
      workers of a meat-packing plant (25%) and among persons who regularly received
      milk at their work as a special diet (25--39.2%). In the Mordovian ASSR the
      infection seemed to be transmitted mainly by the alimentary and contact ways.

PMID- 156483
TI  - The fine structure of denervated and reinnervated muscle spindles: morphometric
      study of intrafusal muscle fibers.
AB  - The fine structure of normal, denervated, and reinnervated muscle spindles in
      lower lumbrical muscles of rats was studied morphometrically at time intervals
      ranging from 3-14 months. In control spindles, the mean transverse area of
      mitochondria was estimated to be more than twice as large in nuclear chain than
      in typical nuclear bag fibers. Following denervation, there was a severe decrease
      of the mean number and transverse area of mitochondria, and a moderate, but
      statistically significant decrease of the mean transverse area of intrafusal
      muscle fibers (IMFs) despite an increase of the number of IMFs. At 12-14 months
      of reinnervation, changes of the transverse areas of IMFs were statistically
      insignificant, but the mean values for the mitochondria were incompletely
      restored. At 4 x 3 months, after fourfold repeated crush injuries to the nerve,
      most of the values estimated (transverse area of mitochondria; number, shape, and
      transverse area of IMFs and nuclei) tended to approach those in denervated rather
      than in reinnervated IMFs. The differences of the reactions of intra- and
      extrafusal muscle fibers following complete motor and sensory denervation
      appeared to be in accordance with their normal dimensional dissimilarities.

PMID- 156484
TI  - Serum levels of total dehydroepiandrosterone and total estrone in postmenopausal
      women with special regard to carcinoma of the uterine corpus.
AB  - Serum levels of total dehydroepiandrosterone and total estrone were determined in
      18 postmenopausal women with carcinoma of the uterine corpus (stage I, grade 1-3)
      and in 40 healthy postmenopausal women. Elevated levels of both steroids were
      found in the carcinoma group, for dehydroepiandrosterone 2010+/-195 vs. 1299+/
      117 nM, p less than 0.01, and for estrone 2,38+/-0.24 vs. 1.36+/-0.11 nM, p less
      than 0.001. Dehydroepiandrosterone as well as the precursors of estrone are
      almost exclusively of adrenal origin in the postmenopausal woman. Thus these
      findings indicate a role of the adrenal cortex in the etiology of corpus
      carcinoma, either by providing increased levels of substrate for the peripheral
      synthesis of estrone or a direct action of adrenal androgens on the endometrial
      tissue.

PMID- 156485
TI  - Kartagener's syndrome--a reappraisal.
AB  - Congenital lack of dynein arms in cilia has recently been associated with
      Kartagener's syndrome. Ultrastructural findings from six patients with chronic
      stagnant secretion in the respiratory tract are briefly reported. Only one of the
      patients had the complete syndrome. The term Immotile-cilia syndrome has been
      coined, and it is suggested that Kartagener's syndrome should be included in this
      entity.

PMID- 156486
TI  - Nasal methacholine provocation and ipratropium therapy of perennial rhinitis.

PMID- 156487
TI  - Effect of splenic nerve stimulation on the contents of noradrenaline, ATP and
      sulphomucopolysaccharides in noradrenergic vesicle fractions from the cat spleen.
AB  - In order to assess the effect of splenic nerve stimulation on the contents of
      noradrenaline, ATP and 35S-labelled compounds in noradrenergic vesicles from the
      spleen, experiments were carried out on the cat spleen in situ, its frontal
      portion being used as control. Particulate fractions containing noradrenergic
      vesicles were isolated on Ficoll gradient centrifugation of homogenates from both
      portions of the spleen. The cats received phenoxybenzamine (10 mg/kg) and
      imipramine (5 mg/kg) to inhibit the contractive response of the spleen to nerve
      stimulation and the reuptake of noradrenaline (NA) into nerve terminals.
      Administration of the drugs did not significantly affect the levels of NA, ATP
      and 35S (presumably in sulphomucopolysaccarides, SMPSs). In response to prolonged
      stimulation of the splenic nerve a significant loss of NA from noradrenergic
      vesicles occurred, whereas levels of ATP and 35S-labelled compounds remained
      unchanged. The results indicate that a discharge of NA in response to nerve
      stimulation is not accompanied by simultaneous discharge of ATP and SMPSs.

PMID- 156488
TI  - Massive congenital tricuspid insufficiency in the newborn.
AB  - Three cases of massive congenital tricuspid incompetence in the newborn are
      reported and discussed from diagnostic, pathologic and etiologic points of view.
      The diagnosis is important as cases have been reported with spontaneous
      resolution.

PMID- 156489
TI  - Incarcerated Spigelian hernia: ultrasonic differential diagnosis.
AB  - The gray scale ultrasonic findings in a case of incarcerated Spigelian hernia are
      presented. This hernia is uncommon, and the clinical diagnosis can be difficult.
      The appearance of the lesion is compared with others in and about the abdominal
      wall, including rectus sheath hematoma, seroma, abscess, peritoneal tumor
      implants, and pseudocyst at the end of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Clinical and
      sonographic differentiation is emphasized.

PMID- 156490
TI  - Diagnostic oncology case study: chronic low back pain and recent incontinence.

PMID- 156491
TI  - Low back pain.

PMID- 156492
TI  - Complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery.
AB  - In this report, we describe the clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic findings
      in three patients with atherosclerotic complete occlusion of the left main
      coronary artery. This rare entity was only seen in three out of 7,000 coronary
      angiograms. The three patients had extensive right-to-left collateralization. Two
      patients underwent saphenous vein bypass surgery and are asymptomatic, while the
      third patient died awaiting surgery. We suggest that patients with complete left
      main occlusion must undergo surgery as soon as possible.

PMID- 156493
TI  - Noninvasive evaluation of the athletic heart: sprinters versus endurance runners.
AB  - To evaluate possible differences in the cardiac effects of different types of
      running training, 22 competing male runners--10 sprinters and 12 endurance
      runners--were studied with a physical examination, electrocardiography, chest X
      ray film and echocardiography. Thirteen sedentary men served as control subjects.
      There were no differences between the athletic groups in physical findings.
      However, left ventricular hypertrophy in the electrocardiogram was more apparent
      in the endurance runners (P less than 0.05), whose relative heart size on chest X
      ray examination was also greater than in the sprinters (P less than 0.02). On
      echocardiography the left ventricular end-diastolic volume was equally greater
      than normal in both groups of athletes (P less than 0.005), but in the endurance
      runners the percent chance of the minor axis diameter in systole was greater than
      in the sprinters or control subjects (P less than 0.02). Values for left
      ventricular wall thickness and mass were greater than normal in both groups of
      athletes but were higher in the endurance runners than in the sprinters (P less
      than 0.001). The left atrial diameter was apparently greater in the endurance
      runners than in the sprinters or control subjects (P less than 0.001), whereas
      that of the sprinters did not differ from normal. Thus, intensive sprinter
      training seems to dilate the left ventricle but causes less increase in wall
      thickness and mass than training for endurance running and no change in left
      ventricular function or left atrial size. Endurance running causes left
      ventricular dilatation equal to that of sprinter training, greater wall
      hypertrophy and improved systolic emptying of the left ventricle, and it also
      dilates the left atrium perhaps because of decreased left ventricular compliance.

PMID- 156494
TI  - Abnormal cellular immune responses during acquired zinc deficiency.
AB  - The cellular immune response of a 17-year-old decerebrate male with acquired zinc
      deficiency was studied. He had been fed a commercial formula which contained 7.6
      mg zinc per kilogram. His caloric intake had been inadequate as judged by his
      cachexia. A detailed pretreatment nutritional assessment (five separate
      observations) which included total serum protein and globulins, albumin, folate,
      vitamins A, B2, C, ceruloplasmin, and plasma zinc, copper, iron, and total iron
      binding capacity revealed that the patient was deficient only in zinc and
      calories. His plasma zinc was 41 +/- 5 microgram/d1 compared with our laboratory
      norm of 89 +/- 9 microgram/d1 for young adult males. Cellular immunity was
      assessed by delayed skin reactivity to dinitrochlorobenzene and by in vitro
      lymphocyte transformation studies. Before zinc therapy the patient rendered a
      negative skin reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene, and the ability of his
      lymphocytes to undergo blast transformation in response to mitogen stimulation
      was significantly depressed with a stimulation index of 4.7 +/- 0.8 as compared
      with 139.1 +/- 77.3  for controls. Within 3 weeks after zinc therapy (22.7 mg
      zinc per day) he demonstrated a positive delayed skin reaction to
      dinitrochlorobenzene and a normal lymphocyte response stimulation index = 205.5
      +/- 42.6 versus 199.3 +/- 58.2 for control). In addition, a pretreatment facial
      seborrhea and a decubitus ulcer rapidly healed.

PMID- 156495
TI  - A method for cloning T-lymphocytic precursors in agar.
AB  - A new technique for the culture of T-lymphocytic colonies is reported. The method
      may be regarded as a human lymphocyte precursor cell assay, as is the myeloid
      colony culture for granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. The colonies arise under
      the simultaneous stimulation of phytohemagglutin and a leukocyte feeder. A linear
      relationship is found between colony numbers and cell numbers plated. The
      colonies represent aggregates of lymphoblast-like cells, the majority of which
      are capable of E-rosette formation, are responsive in mixed lymphocyte cultures,
      and do not exhibit surface immunoglobulins. Their density distribution profile is
      very similar to that of myeloid colony-forming cells. The finding that most of
      these colony-forming cells are recovered in the so-called lymphocyte-free stem
      cell fraction following density fractionation suggests that they originate from a
      lymphocytic precursor.

PMID- 156496
TI  - Dermatologic adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients.

PMID- 156497
TI  - Cardiac sarcoma causing "ASH" and simulating coronary heart disease.

PMID- 156498
TI  - The immune complex pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and pulmonary vasculitis in
      Behcet's disease.
AB  - A kidney and lung biopsy were performed on a patient with active Behcet's disease
      with renal and pulmonary involvement. Histologic, immunohistochemical and
      electron microscopic studies of the kidney biopsy specimen revealed a focal
      segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis characterized by the presence of
      numerous subendothelial and occasional intramembranous deposits containing
      immunoglobulin G (IgG), the third component of complement (C3), the fourth
      component of complement (C4) and fibrin(ogen). Histologic and immunohistochemical
      studies of the lung biopsy specimen showed an acute venulitis and septal
      capillaritis associated with the presence of identical deposits within the walls
      of affected vessels. Circulating immune complexes were detected in the patient's
      serum by Raji cell assay. The findings indicate that the glomerulonephritis and
      pulmonary vasculitis occasionally occurring in Behcet's disease are due to the
      deposition of circulating antigen-antibody complexes. In addition, they strongly
      suggest that the majority of the major and minor manifestations of the disease,
      such as uveitis, cutaneous vasculitis, synovitis and meningoencephalitis, are a
      result of vascular immune complex deposition.

PMID- 156499
TI  - Calcification of the mitral annulus: etiology, clinical associations,
      complications and therapy.
AB  - This report reviews the clinical features of 80 patients with
      roentgenographically proved mitral annular calcification. The mean age of the
      group was 73 years, and there was a 2.5 to 1 female to male ratio. Evaluation for
      underlying cardiovascular disease revealed six patients with severe calcific
      valvular aortic stenosis; five patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 11 with
      mitral prolapse and 33 with significant arterial hypertension (blood pressure
      greater or equal to 150/96 mm Hg). Eighty-five per cent of the group (68 of 80
      patients) had an underlying cardiac disorder associated with either chronically
      increased left ventricular systolic pressure or abnormal leaflet motion. Other
      cardiovascular abnormalities occurring as complications secondary to the mitral
      ring calcification included subacute bacterial endocarditis (three cases),
      arterial emboli (five episodes) and high grade atrioventricular block (16 cases).
      Twelve patients had severe mitral regurgitation; successful mitral valve
      replacement was carried out in four patients (all with myxomatous mitral tissue).
      Evidence of diffuse conduction system disease, not limited to the area of the
      cardiac fibrous skeleton, was found frequently (44 patients). Nine patients had
      sinus node dysfunction and 35 patients had electrocardiographic evidence of
      distal intraventricular (fascicular) block. Twenty-one patients eventually
      required pacemakers for management of symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. Atrial
      fibrillation was present in 23 patients. In this review it was found that
      calcification of the mitral annulus is frequently associated with or induces
      serious cardiovascular disease. Since some of these disorders may be modified by
      appropriate therapy, calcification of the mitral annulus should no longer be
      ignored as a benign marker of the elderly heart.

PMID- 156500
TI  - Gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 156501
TI  - Suppression of mixed lymphocyte reaction by progesterone and estradiol-17beta.
AB  - The effects of estrone, estradiol-17beta, estriol, testosterone, progesterone,
      and 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone on incorporation of 3H-thymidine into cultured
      lymphocytes from normal men and nonpregnant women in response to allogeneic
      stimulation was investigated with two-way MLR. A dose-dependent reduction in the
      mean percent incorporation was observed in the range of progesterone
      concentration between 2 x 10(3) and 10(4) ng/ml with statistically significant
      differences from the control cultures. Estradiol-17 beta at 10(4) ng/ml produced
      a slight but significant inhibition of incorporation. No significant change in
      incorporation occurred with the other steroids tested. Since the suppressive
      property of progesterone in phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte culture
      reported in our previous communication was reproduced by the present
      investigation in MLR, the possible role of progesterone in immunoregulation
      during pregnancy is emphasized as has been postulated previously.

PMID- 156502
TI  - The dehydroepiandrosterone loading test. III. A possible placental function test.
AB  - The dehydroepiandrosterone loading test (DLT) has been used in a small population
      of normal and high-risk obstetric patients, to date, in an attempt to develop a
      dynamic test of placental function. In spite of its limited applications, it has
      shown reliability in discriminating, with statistical significance, between high
      risk pregnancies that result in normally grown, undistressed infants, and high
      risk pregnancies that result in infants showing signs of placental insufficiency.
      The present report expands the study population by presenting our data on 40
      loading tests performed in 37 high-risk and normal obstetric patients. Results of
      19 of these DLT's have been previously reported and are included herein for
      statistical analysis. The DLT utilizes an excess substrate load of
      dehydroepiandrosterone to assess the maximum capability of the placenta to
      convert it to estrogen. Although our previous report did not show false positive
      or negative results in the conversion rates, the present results (40 DLT's) found
      two (2 out of 17) false positives (12%) and two (2 out of 19) false negatives
      (11%). The highly significant correlation between DLT result and pregnancy
      outcome seen previously was preserved. In addition, the data of another five
      DLT's in four patients are presented. This group includes a pregnancy with a
      fetus with multiple congenital malformations, two patients with intrauterine
      fetal death, and a nonpregnant woman. The results are not included in the
      statistical analysis, but discussion of these results has interesting
      pathophysiologic implications.

PMID- 156503
TI  - Delay in growth and the development of nephritis in rats treated with interferon
      preparations in the neonatal period.
AB  - Suckling rats were injected for 14 to 17 days with potent rat-cell-culture
      interferon preparations or various heterologous interferon or control
      preparations. Only treatment with rat interferon resulted in a delay in growth
      and maturation of different organs and the subsequent development of an "immune
      complex" type nephritis. Thus, 38 of 43 rats treated with rat interferon
      developed a severe glomerulonephritis. Thus, 38 of 43 rats treated with rat
      interferon developed a severe glomerulonephritis, whereas only 3 of 99 rats in
      the various control groups had minimal renal lesions. Deposits of IgG and C3
      along the glomerular basement membrane were only seen in interferon-treated rats.

PMID- 156504
TI  - Patterns of neuromuscular disease. As related to stages of normal embryogenesis
      in voluntary muscle.
AB  - Skeletal muscle samples from the upper and lower extremities of 38 human fetuses
      (6 to 18 weeks' gestation) of both sexes were studied by histologic,
      histochemical, and electron microscopic methods. Ultrastructural morphometry was
      applied. In the different stages of normal development are found regressive
      changes, ranging from reversible dystrophic to irreversible necrotic alterations,
      which are characteristic of either primary myogenic myopathies or primary
      neurogenic muscle atrophies in older age. Several pathologic patterns of so
      called congenital myopathies also presented. On the basis of their findings, the
      authors conclude that in a certain group of congenital myopathies full normal
      development of muscle is hindered or blocked and that groups of muscles or the
      whole voluntary musculature is arrested at certain stages of maturation. For
      example, insufficient or absent innervation of the fetal muscle may be a factor
      in Werdnig-Hoffmann or Kugelberg-Welander syndromes. The authors' findings
      suggest that pathologic patterns in muscle diseases have been used
      physiologically in fetal development to eliminate unnecessary overproduction of
      muscle fibers.

PMID- 156506
TI  - Character disorders in traumatized and handicapped children.
AB  - Character disorders in children may arise from abuse or neglect by the family or
      from stresses of the broader social environment. Physically handicapped and
      mentally retarded children have innate disabilities that predispose them to
      problematic interaction with their surroundings. Early professional
      multidisciplinary intervention can often avert future psychopathy.

PMID- 156507
TI  - Diocytophymatid larval nematode in a subcutaneous nodule from man in California.
AB  - A nematode in a subcutaneous nodule excised from the chest of a man in central
      California is described and identified as a third-stage larval dioctophymatid,
      probably Dioctophyma renale, though a Eustrongylides species could not be
      excluded. In all well-documented previously reported cases of D. renale infection
      in man, none of which was from North America, adult worms were discovered in the
      kidney at autopsy (5 cases), or were observed migrating or being expelled through
      the urethra (6 cases), discharged through the skin over an abscessed kidney (1
      case), or detected by finding eggs in the urine (1 case).

PMID- 156509
TI  - Long tunnel axillofemoral Dacron bypass: avoidance of counterincision.

PMID- 156508
TI  - Laparoscopy in routine and emergency surgery: experience with 1,720 cases.
AB  - Experience with laparoscopy in 1,720 cases performed for surgical diseases with
      elective or emergency indications is reported. It is hoped that laparoscopy, a
      simple and harmless technic of great diagnostic value, will be employed more
      frequently in routine and emergency surgery.

PMID- 156510
TI  - The venturi principle for scavenging anaesthetic gases.

PMID- 156511
TI  - Interactions of contractile proteins with free and immobilized cibacron Blue
      F3GA.

PMID- 156512
TI  - Large scale isolation and storage of Neurospora plasma membranes.

PMID- 156505
TI  - Immunopathology of the lung: a review.

PMID- 156513
TI  - Residual curarization in the recovery room.

PMID- 156514
TI  - Daily activity of Tabanidae in the Caucasus.
AB  - The daily activity of Tabanidae (Diptera) was studied in the submountain region
      of the East Caucasus, district Ismailly, NE Azerbaijan SSR at an altitude 900-
      1000 m. Tabanidae were collected by the unbaited canopy trap on 8 and 12 July
      1976. Females were active from 9 a. m. to 7 p. m., the diurnal biting activity is
      characterized by a one peak curve with a conspicuous peak of activity between 4
      p. m. and 6 p. m. It is suggested that the temperature, relative humidity and the
      thermic mountain wind are the decisive factors influencing the late afternoon
      peak of activity. Mating activity of Tabanus unifasciatus at sunrise and of
      Philipomyia aprica at sunset were observed.

PMID- 156515
TI  - Genetics and the synthesis of proteins.

PMID- 156516
TI  - Corneal manifestations of the systemic mucopolysaccharidoses.
AB  - Newer biochemical understanding of the mucopolysaccharidoses now allows a better
      classification of these diseases. The dermatan and keratan sulfate-storing
      diseases have corneal clouding. The heparan sulfate-storing diseases have retinal
      changes and usually central nervous system manifestations.

PMID- 156517
TI  - Evidence for the subcellular localization and specificity of chlordane inhibition
      in the marine bacterium Aeromonas proteolytica.
AB  - Sublethal levels (10 to 100 micrograms/ml) of the chlorinated insecticide
      chlordane (1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindan) were
      introduced into the growth medium of the marine bacterium, Aeromonas
      proteolytica. Chlordane inhibited the synthesis of an extracellular endopeptidase
      by almost 40% but exhibited no such inhibition of the extracellular
      aminopeptidase also produced during the growth cycle. Studied with 14C-labeled
      chlordane demonstrated that the insecticide was not biologically degraded under
      the test conditions used and that up to 75% of the recoverable chlordane was cell
      associated within 48 h. Studied with uniformly labeled L[14C]valine and [2
      14C]uracil established that neither the transport nor the incorporation of these
      protein and ribonucleic acid precursors was inhibited by chlordane. Separation of
      the membrane fractions using isopycnic centrifugation localized 14C-labeled
      chlordane in the cytoplasmic membrane. Also, chlordane inhibited the membrane
      bound adenosine 5'-triphosphatase while the soluble (released) form of this
      enzyme remained unaffected. These data indicate that chlordane resides in the
      cytoplasmic membrane and may cause specific alterations in membrane-associated
      activities.

PMID- 156519
TI  - Hypopigmentation in alopecia mucinosa.
AB  - Alopecia mucinosa was found in the hypopigmented skin of two black patients.
      Alopecia mucinosa should be included in the differential diagnosis of
      hypopigmented papular skin lesions.

PMID- 156518
TI  - Extended clinical use of the argon laser for cutaneous lesions.
AB  - A safe, easy, and effective outpatient modality for the treatment of various
      cutaneous lesions such as hemangiomas and decorative tattoos has long been
      sought. The argon laser has proved satisfactory for such treatment of port-wine
      hemangiomas, capillary/cavernous hemangiomas, telangiectasia, and decorative
      tattoos as well as a variety of cutaneous pigmented lesions. The intense laser
      light is attracted and absorbed by pigmented skin lesions producing heat that
      selectively destroys the intradermal pathologic condition and spares overlying
      skin. Hemangiomas and tattoos have undergone satisfactory subtotal blanching in
      the majority of cases with a low incidence of hypertrophic scarring. Thus, the
      argon laser has proved useful in the outpatient treatment of a variety of
      pigmented cutaneous lesions.

PMID- 156521
TI  - Acropustulosis of infancy.
AB  - Acropustulosis of infancy (Al) is a syndrome consisting of pruritic pustules that
      are found primarily on the extremities of infants. It is uncommon, but not rare,
      and persists about two years. In two infants in whom Al began at birth, there was
      a striking response to sulfones. There was no response to other therapy.
      Laboratory findings are not diagnostic for Al. Similar histopathologic changes
      (subcorneal pustules) can be found in other eruptions of infancy.

PMID- 156520
TI  - Erythema multiforme and urticaria. Eruptions induced by chemically related
      ophthalmic anticholinergic agents.
AB  - Erythema multiforme developed in an 80-year-old man following the use of
      scopolamine hydrobromide ophthalmic drops. The erythema multiforme cleared when
      the medication was discontinued and recurred on challenge. Later, he was given
      tropicamide, an anticholinergic ophthalmic preparation that, like scopolamine,
      has a tropic acid residue. Within 15 minutes an immediate hypersensitivity
      reaction with generalized urticaria developed in the patient.

PMID- 156522
TI  - [Eighteen cases of desmomas (author's transl)].

PMID- 156523
TI  - Postoperative alterations in size of Dacron aortic grafts: an ultrasonic
      evaluation.
AB  - Reports of aneurysmal dilatation involving Dacron aortic prostheses have raised
      questions concerning the incidence, degree and significance of postoperative
      alterations in graft size. Consequently, a study was undertaken to evaluate
      Dacron graft size by ultrasooud in 95 asymptomatic patients selected at random
      after aortic surgery. A Vidison Real Time ultrasound unit was used to determine
      the internal diameter of the aortic portion of the various grafts utilized: 41
      Cooley knitted, 25 Vasculour-D; 13 U.S.C.I. ultralightweight; nine Wesolowski
      Weavenit; and seven DeBakey standard weight knitted. Patients were studied at
      from two weeks to 138 months postoperatively (average of 33 months). Hypertension
      was present in 64% of patients. In the total series, the degree of mean
      dilatation was 17.6%. Average dilatation in patients with normotension was 15%
      compared to 21% in hypertensive patients. Graphic analysis of the data collected
      indicated that dilatation of a significant degree occurs in the immediate
      postoperative period and slowly increases with time; the time regression period
      and slowly increases with time; the time regression lines for normotensive and
      hypertensive patients were almost parallel. Results of this clinical study appear
      to corroborate the results of in vitro quality control tests performed by two
      graft manufacturers (Meadox and U.S.C.I.).

PMID- 156524
TI  - Myocardial hypertrophy: the distribution of cell growth within the layers of the
      myocardium.
AB  - The spatial distribution of radioactively labeled microspheres was studied in
      normal and in experimentally hypertrophied hearts of adult pigs. The hearts had
      been "tagged" with microspheres when the pigs were young. When the adult animal
      was killed, the spatial distribution of the microspheres was identical in the
      normal and in the hypertrophied hearts. This demonstrates that hypertrophic
      growth had occurred evenly throughout all layers of the myocardium.

PMID- 156525
TI  - Graft hemostasis: an alternative to preclotting.
AB  - An alternative to preclotting prosthetic grafts has proved to be simple, safe,
      and effective in the already heparinized patient. The prosthetic graft or patch
      is soaked in the patient's blood obtained after systemic heparinization,
      autoclaved for three minutes at 131 degrees C (270 degrees F), and then inserted.

PMID- 156526
TI  - Pulsatile perfusion: its effects on blood flow distribution in hypertrophied
      hearts.
AB  - Left ventricular hypertrophy was created in 15 pigs by banding the ascending
      aorta when they were young. The adult animals were placed on normothermic
      cardiopulmonary bypass and perfused with either nonpulsatile (two groups of pigs)
      or pulsatile (one group) flows. As long as the perfusion rate was maintained at
      70 ml/kg/min, myocardial blood flow distribution as determined by radioactive
      microspheres, was identical in the hearts with normal sinus rhythm and those with
      ventricular fibrillation irrespective of the type of perfusion. At low flow
      rates, however, subendocardial ischemia developed in all three groups, but was
      most severe in the fibrillating hearts, and was not reversed by pulsatile
      perfusion.

PMID- 156527
TI  - John Stanley Coulter Lecture. "Is anybody listening?".

PMID- 156529
TI  - Evaluating alternative forms of housing for the severely disabled.

PMID- 156528
TI  - Predetermined time standards: their application in workshop settings.
AB  - There is a need for a simple, quickly applied tool which can correlate
      performance of the handicapped individual with that of the able-bodied worker and
      be easily utilized by nontechnical personnel. Efforts at both the Cerebral Palsy
      Center and the Rehabilitation Center in Atlanta demonstrated that the third
      generation of Methods-Time-Measurement (MTM-3) satisfies these criteria. As every
      motion involved in an operation is detailed and a corresponding time value
      applied, the over-all result reflects a normal rate of accomplishment more
      accurately than the usual methods and is especially useful in bidding jobs for
      the workshop. MTM-3 also has a place in the evaluation section to verify or
      correct existing standards on bench-type work samples and to develop more
      meaningful time distribution charts relating to a specific population at a
      center. In studies of disabled individuals, MTM-3 yields a more accurate
      determination of the actual degree of disability than the American Medical
      Association's existing estimated percentages in regard to motor skills.

PMID- 156530
TI  - Attitudes of college students toward sexual behavior of disabled persons.
AB  - Empirical data on attitudes toward sexual behavior of disabled persons were
      gathered from a written, sentence-completion task in which 110 college students
      engaged. The task consisted of 36 sentence stubs, 18 of which probed attitudes
      toward sex. To facilitate expression of attitudes rather than values, respondents
      were instructed to respond rapidly with the first thoughts that came to mind.
      Responses were scored as positive or negative. Negative responders took
      significantly less time to complete the sentences than did positive responders.
      The X2 comparisons of negative responses to 5 pairs of parallel sentence stubs
      concerned with aspects of sex in general and the same aspects of sex in disabled
      women yielded statistically significant differences. Four of those differences
      showed more disapproval of sex for the disabled than for the able-bodied. The 5th
      difference indicated greater tolerance of homosexual play among disabled girls.
      On 9 of the 13 sentence stubs concerned with sex and disability, at least 43% of
      all participants gave negative responses. Similarly, order analysis disclosed
      that 9 of 10 aspects of sex viewed most negatively were related to sexual
      behavior by the disabled. It was concluded that attitudes in the sexual
      revolution have not as yet embraced the disabled even among college students.

PMID- 156531
TI  - A driver training program for the disabled.
AB  - This is a report of results of a driver training program for a selected group of
      disabled individuals at the Long Beach Veterans Administration Medical Center. A
      total of 167 eligible candidates elected to enter our driver training program, of
      whom 154 (92%) were successful. Dropouts were the result of educational
      deficiencies, physical inability, and/or stress in performance ability.

PMID- 156532
TI  - Seeding endothelium onto canine arterial prostheses. The effects of graft design.
AB  - To identify prosthetic characteristics that support the proliferation of an
      endothelial lining, 14 different graft designs were studied in dogs. The grafts
      were prepared by the use of a technique of endothelial seeding that we described
      previously. They were studied two and four weeks after their implantation. Weft
      knit Dacron grafts (water porosity from 1,400 to 1,650 mL/min/sq cm) were the
      most successful. A velour index (velour stitch frequency times velour loop
      height) was computed. When the internal velour index (IVI) was greater than
      60,000 loop-mu/sq cm, the percentage of clot-free surface was 17.2 +/- 14.5%,
      compared with 62.0 +/- 26.9% when the IVI less than 60,000 loop-mu/sq cm.
      Endothelium could be detected on 61.5% of the grafts when the IVI less than 60,00
      loop-mu/sq cm, compared with 0% when the IVI greater than 60,000 loop-mu/sq cm.
      The cells that formed the outer capsule were better organized and more adherent
      to the graft when an external velour was present, but external velour did not
      affect the inner lining. We conclude that weft-knit Dacron grafts with water
      porosities from 1,400 to 1,650 mL/min/sq cm and with limited internal velour (IVI
      less than 60,000 loop-mu/sq cm) are suitable substrates for single-staged
      endothelial-cell seeding.

PMID- 156533
TI  - Current arterial prostheses. Experimental evaluation by implantation in the
      carotid and circumflex coronary arteries of the dog.
AB  - Five types of 4-mm diameter arterial prostheses (three Dacron, one expanded
      Teflon, one preserved umbilical vein) were studied in the dog to assess graft
      thrombogenicity. Separate experiments involving six hours of controlled blood
      flow, one-week carotid implantation, and aortocoronary implantation were
      performed. In general, graft thrombogenicity derived from controlled flow study
      was more predictive of a graft's long-term implantation success than were one
      week implantation results. In order of increasing thrombogenicity, we ranked
      grafts studied as follows: noncrimped Dacron, expanded Teflon, crimped Dacron,
      umbilical vein. Results of 19 experimental left coronary artery implantations
      using Dacron or Teflon prostheses are reported that indicate grafts with low
      measured thrombogenicity are most likely to succeed in this site. Data presented
      in this report suggest there is reason to evaluate noncrimped, kink-resistant,
      porous Dacron grafts for use both in the left coronary artery and below the knee
      when there is compelling clinical indication and no autogenous vessels are
      available.

PMID- 156534
TI  - Ureteral obstruction secondary to bifurcated aortic grafts.
AB  - We report three cases of ureteral obstruction producing hydronephrosis following
      aortofemoral bypass graft. In each case, the obstruction occurred in the area
      where in the ureter crossed over the limb of a Dacron graft. Ureterolysis
      relieved the obstruction. Most of the previously reported cases of this
      complication of bypass surgery occurred when the ureter was situated between the
      limb of a graft and the patient's own iliac artery. Various methods of surgical
      appraoch are listed. In some cases, ureterolysis is a suitable alternative to
      division and reanastomosis of the ureter to relieve obstruction.

PMID- 156536
TI  - Corticosteroids and chorea.

PMID- 156535
TI  - Sedative effects of apomorphine in an animal model of Huntington's disease.
AB  - The sedative effectiveness of apomorphine in a newly developed animal model of
      Huntington's disease was examined. The motor responses of rats with kainic acid
      lesions of the neostriatum to a sedative dose of apomorphine (50 micrograms/kg)
      was similar to that observed in intact controls. In contrast, compared to
      controls, a marked potentiation of the motor stimulant effects of
      dextroamphetamine was confirmed in the kainic acid-lesioned group. We suggest
      that the pathological changes underlying the symptoms observed in this animal
      model and in Huntington's disease do not include abnormalities in presynaptic
      dopamine receptors in the neostriatum.

PMID- 156537
TI  - Molecular organization of heparan sulphate proteoglycan from human dentine.

PMID- 156538
TI  - Changes in the immunoglobulin levels of the mouse gut and serum during
      conventionalisation and following administration of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Increasess in all immunoglobulin classes, except IgM, were observed in the sera
      of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice beginning 10 days after their removal from
      barrier conditions. Concentrations of serum immunoglobulins, comparable with
      those of conventional mice, were obtained in these animals between 21 and 35
      days. Following the removal of germ-free mice from their sterile isolaters, their
      intestinal IgA levels increased over 35 days to attain levels found in
      conventional animals. A marked increase in serum immunoglobulin occurred within
      one day following intravenous administration of live Salmonella typhimurium
      organisms to SPF animals, and this persisted for longer than 7 weeks (the
      duration of the study), This rapid elevation in serum immunoglobulin was not
      elicited by nonbacterial antigens, killed Salmonellae, or viable Vibrio cholerae.
      Negligible amounts of this immunoglobulin increase could be attributed to
      specific antibody.

PMID- 156539
TI  - Immune complexes and disease.

PMID- 156540
TI  - Serum immune complexes and disease.
AB  - The solid phase Clq radioimmunoassay was used to detect immune complexes in sera
      from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (14/25), rheumatoid arthritis
      (4/5), vasculitis (5/15), infective endocarditis (2/2), acute rheumatic fever
      (2/3), pre-eclamptic toxaemia (0/14), lung cancer (3/7), glomerulonephritis
      (26/98) and renal transplant patients (0/5). The best correlation with disease
      activity was seen in systemic lupus erythematosus and infective endocarditis
      where serial immune complex determinations were clearly of value in monitoring
      therapy. The findings in primary glomerulonephritis indicate only a limited
      usefulness of the assay in that serum immune complexes were detected in a
      minority (22/73) of patients with glomerular immune deposits. In particular the
      data do not support a role for Clq fixing immune complexes in the pathogenesis of
      membranous glomerulonephritis or in pre-eclamptic toxaemia.

PMID- 156541
TI  - The physically handicapped child.

PMID- 156542
TI  - Sodium and serotonin uptake into Na+ depleted platelets from Down's syndrome and
      normal subjects.

PMID- 156543
TI  - Photoaffinity labelling with an ATP analog of the N-terminal peptide of myosin.

PMID- 156544
TI  - Increased Ca2+ -ATPase activity associated with methylation of phospholipids in
      human erythrocytes.

PMID- 156545
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of platelets aggregation on oxidative phosphorylation in
      rat liver mitochondria in vitro.

PMID- 156546
TI  - The uncoupling effect of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine on isolated rat liver
      mitochondria.

PMID- 156547
TI  - Studies of immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In normal individuals T cells are stimulated to proliferate by autologous non-T
      cells; this is called the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Previous
      studies demonstrated that such an autologous MLR was markedly impaired in
      patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To determine whether the
      defect resided in the responding cell or the stimulating cell, mixing experiments
      were performed using cells from identical twins. We identified two sets of
      identical twins discordant for SLE activity and correspondingly discordant in
      their degree of responsiveness in the autologous MLR. Reciprocal mixing
      experiments were performed in which T cells from one twin of each pair were mixed
      with non-T cells from the other twin of that pair. These studies indicated that
      patients with active SLE have a defect in the ability of non-T cells to stimulate
      as well as a defect in the ability of both Tgamma and Tnongamma cells to respond
      in the autologous MLR. Patients with inactive SLE have a defect only in
      responsiveness of Tgamma cells.

PMID- 156548
TI  - [The program of nursing-epidemiology in New York City].

PMID- 156549
TI  - [Program of tuberculosis control in Colombia].

PMID- 156550
TI  - [Neonatology in Cuba].

PMID- 156551
TI  - [Tuberculin test sensitivity in cattle with Mycobacterium bovis in Argentina].

PMID- 156552
TI  - [Tuberculin test sensitivity in cattle with Mycobacterium bovis in Argentina. II.
      Comparative tuberculin tests].

PMID- 156553
TI  - Hair casts.
AB  - The literature on hair casts suggests they are rare even though Kligman intimated
      in 1957 that in some scalp diseases they might well be common. In this study,
      casts have been looked for in a group of orthokeratotic and parakeratotic scalp
      conditions. Hair casts are indeed common in psoriasis, pityriasis amiantacea,
      pityriasis capitis and seborrhoeic dermatitis. No casts were seen in women with
      traction hair styles or in those regularly using hair sprays.

PMID- 156554
TI  - Contact dermatitis and gastrointestinal symptoms from hydroxyethylmethacrylate.
AB  - A laboratory technician developed allergic contact dermatitis to
      hydroxyethylmethacrylate associated with nausea, diarrhoea and persistent
      paresthesiae of the fingertips. The gastrointestinal symptoms were reproduced by
      patch testing. Hydroxyethylmethacrylate was demonstrated to pass through vinyl
      gloves. Cross reactions occurred to methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and
      isopropylmethacrylate but not to butyl- or isobutylmethacrylate.

PMID- 156555
TI  - Properties of ATP-induced chlorophyll luminescence in chloroplasts.
AB  - 1. The recently described reaction of ATP-induced luminescence is analyzed for
      its relation to other ATP-induced reactions such as ATP-driven transmembrane
      proton gradient formation and ATP-driven reverse electron flow. 2. In the absence
      of phenazine methosulfate ATP-induced luminescence is optimal while the main
      phase of ATP-driven reverse electron flow is eliminated. 3. DCMU which by itself
      causes a much smaller luminescence, inhibits the ATP-induced luminescence. 4.
      Nigericin plus valinomycin, but not each by itself, fully inhibit the ATP-induced
      luminescence. 5. The observations are interpreted as indicating that ATP
      stimulates luminescence by a 2-fold mechanism: (a) increasing the amount of the
      reducing primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II, Q, and (b) creating a
      transmembrane electrochemical potential which serves to decrease the activation
      energy required for the charge recombination reaction which leads to
      luminescence.

PMID- 156557
TI  - Enzymic synthesis of steroid sulphates. XII. Isolation of dehydroepiandrosterone
      sulphotransferase from human adrenals by affinity chromatography.

PMID- 156556
TI  - Solubility characteristics of Micrococcus lysodeikticus membrane components in
      detergents and chaotropic salts analyzed by immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - In order to evalute the effectiveness and selectivity of various reagents in the
      solubilization of bacterial membranes, membranes of Micrococcus lysodeikticus
      were treated with detergents and chaotropic agents. The composition of the
      extracts so obtained was analyzed by rocket and two-dimensional
      immunoelectrophoretic techniques. Recoveery of succinate-, malate-, and reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- (NADH) dehydrogenases, ATPase, succinylated
      lipomannan and cytochromes in the extracts was measured. Treatment with a variety
      of non-denaturing detergents produced extracts that were generally qualitatively
      uniform although quantitative differences were observed. The degree of extraction
      of various components was correlated with the hydrophile-lipophile balance.
      Several chaotropic agents were also evaluated as reagents for membrane
      solubilization. These agents were less effective in extraction of bulk protein,
      but produced extracts enriched in some membrane components.

PMID- 156558
TI  - Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity of alveolar macrophage plasma membrane.
AB  - A plasma membrane fraction was isolated from lysates of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
      induced alveolar macrophages of rabbit. On the basis of morphological and
      biochemical criteria this fraction appeared to be minimally contaminated by other
      subcellular organelles. Concentrations of Ca2+, but not of Mg2+, from 6.10(-8) to
      1.10(-5) M markedly stimulated the basal ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) activity of the
      plasma membrane, with an apparent Km (Ca2+) of 1.10(-6) M. The specific activity
      of the Ca2+-ATPase assayed at pCa = 5.5 was enriched about 8-fold in the plasma
      membrane fraction over the macrophage lysate. In contrast, the specific activity
      of the K+, EDTA-activated ATPase, associated to macrophage myosin, increased only
      1.3-fold. Oligomycin and -SH group reagents exerted no influence on the Ca2+
      ATPase activity, which was on the contrary inhibited by detergents such as Triton
      X-100 and deoxycholate. The activity of the Ca2+-ATPase was maximal at pH 7, and
      was decreased by 50 mM Na+ and 5 mM K+. On the contrary, the activity of Mg2+
      ATPase, also present in the plasma membrane fraction, had a peak at about pH 7.8,
      and was stimulated by Na+ plus K+. On account of its properties, it is suggested
      that the Ca2+-ATPase is a component of the plasma membrane of the alveolar
      macrophage, and that its function may be that of participating in the maintenance
      of low free Ca2+ concentrations in the macrophage cytosol.

PMID- 156559
TI  - Purification of the arom multienzyme aggregate from Euglena gracilis.
AB  - The arom multienzyme complex that catalyzes steps two through six in the
      prechorismate polyaromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway has been purified up
      to 2000-fold from Euglena gracilis. The native arom aggregate has a molecular
      weight of approx. 249 000 based on a sedimentation coefficient of 9.5 and Stokes
      radius of 60 angstrom. A comparison between the arom aggregates of Neurospora
      crassa and Euglena gracilis and the possible phylogenetic relationships between
      the organisms are discussed.

PMID- 156560
TI  - Enzymatic activities and ATP-induced fluorescence enhancement of myosin from fast
      and slow skeletal and cardiac muscles.
AB  - The maximal ATP-induced enhancement of fluorescence and the dependence of this
      enhancement on ATP concentration were determined for myosins from fast and slow
      skeletal and cardiac muscle of the rabbit. With myosins from slow and cardiac
      muscle modifications in the preparative procedure and chromatography on DEAE
      Sephadex were required to obtain preprations which were free of actin, which
      exhibited the maximal fluorescence enhancement and which bound two moles of ATP
      per mole of myosin. Since the fluorescence enhancement of cardiac and slow muscle
      myosins is labile at slightly alkaline pH, it was also necessary to minimize
      incubation at pH greater than 7 in order to attain the maximal enhancement. With
      fast muscle myosin the changes in preparative procedure, together with
      chromatography, led to a 50 to 100% increase in the steady-state rate of ATP
      hydrolysis and fluorescence enhancement, without changing the maximal binding of
      ATP. From a comparison of the rate of steady-state hydrolysis of ATP with the
      rate of decay of the enhanced fluorescence, it appears that for all three
      myosins, both ATP binding sites have the same enzymatic activity, the steady
      state rate per site being slower for cardiac and slow muscle myosins than for
      fast muscle myosin.

PMID- 156561
TI  - Protein-protein interactions of proteolytic fragments of actin.
AB  - Proteolytic fragments of actin, prepared by removal of up to sixty-eight residues
      from the N-terminal end of the molecule, can form filamentous structures after
      denaturation in urea solution. The filaments have a diameter similar to F-actin
      filaments and interact with myosin and tropomyosin. A fragment comprising
      residues 1 to 207 of the actin sequence did not form filaments or interact with
      myosin after the urea treatment.

PMID- 156562
TI  - Studies of dynein from Tetrahymena cilia using agarose polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Described in this report is an application of agarose-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, which separates protein components of crude dynein fraction
      (Fraction I by Gibbons) derived from Tetrahymena cilia. By this method, the
      fraction was separated into three protein components (designated as bands I, II
      and III) on the gel. When the gel was actively stained for dynein ATPase, a
      single band appeared, which coincided with the position of band I. A purified
      dynein prepared by controlled pore glass (CPG-10) column chromatography and
      followed by Biogel A-15m filtration showed one band on the gel at the same
      position as band I. These results suggest that among these three protein
      components, band I represents dynein and bands II and III are derived form non
      ATPase protein. 'Burstic phenomenon' was also observed on their ATPase activity
      when axoneme or crude dynein fractions were used for ATPase assay, while the
      phenomenon was almost extinguished when partially purified dynein after
      controlled pore glass column chromatography was used as sample.

PMID- 156564
TI  - [Temperature-dependent changes in the profile of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
      membrane hydrophobic zones].
AB  - The dependence of the state of the hydrophobic zone of rabbit sarcoplasmic
      reticulum (SR) membranes on temperature of the membrane fragment suspension
      before rapid freezing was studied by the freeze fracturing technique. It was
      shown that within the temperature range of--15-- +37 degrees C the amount of
      intramembrane particles and their distribution in the membrane plane and between
      their convex and concave surfaces do not practically depend on the temperature of
      the SR membrane suspension. This is indicative of the lack of correlation between
      the physical state of the phospholipid matrix (gel -- liquid crystal) before
      freezing and the nature of the profile of the membrane hydrophobic zone revealed
      after fracturing. The disturbances in the protein -- lipid interactions in the
      membrane under the effects of mersalyl or aqueous solutions of diethyl ester
      followed by complete inactivation of Ca2+-dependent ATPase lead to a decrease in
      the amount of intramembrane particles, which is especially well-pronounced at 37
      degrees and -15 degrees C.

PMID- 156563
TI  - [Effects of neutral salts and temperature on skeletal muscle sarcolemmal Ca
      TPase].
AB  - The temperature dependence and effects of sodium and potassium chloride on
      purified preparations of sarcolemmal Ca2+-activated ATPase were investigated. It
      was shown that within the concentration range of 0,1--1,0 M both salts have the
      same effect on the enzyme activity. A low ionic strength and concentration of the
      salts of 0,1 M the temperature maximum was 45 degrees and the shapes of
      temperature curves were the same. The Arrhenius plots showed a break at 16--19
      degrees. The apparent activation energies were 27,3 kcal/mole below and 17,1
      kcal/mole above the break point. At high ionic strength (0,5 M) the temperature
      maximum was observed at 40 degrees and the apparent activation energies decreased
      down to 18,0 kcal/mole below and 11,5 kcal/mole above the break point.

PMID- 156565
TI  - Bio-materials science and technology.
AB  - Materials in current use resulting from clinical acceptance are reviewed.
      Requirements for a bio-material are considered and problem areas still awaiting
      solution are identified. These include fatigue, wear, corrosion and adverse
      tissue effects. The question of relating the structure of materials to their in
      vivo properties and the application of this to development of bio-materials is
      next considered. The properties of the tissues and the way in which newer
      materials are better adapted to the dynamic properties of these is discussed and
      future developments are considered in the light of this.

PMID- 156566
TI  - Integrated circuit implantable systems.

PMID- 156567
TI  - Analysis of methods for measuring pulmonary gas exchange.

PMID- 156569
TI  - [Acid mucopolysaccharides in porcine gingival tissue (author's transl)].

PMID- 156568
TI  - Phosphofructokinase in human blood cells.
AB  - The subunit composition of phosphofructokinase from normal and malignant blood
      cells has been investigated by means of immunologic, electrophoretic, and
      chromatographic methods. Immunoprecipitation tests were performed with three
      specific antisera recognizing each of the basic subunits of human
      phosphofructokinase: muscle, M-type; liver, L-type; and fibroblast, F-type.
      Mature polymorphonuclear cells contain mainly L-subunits, while lymphocytes and
      platelets contain hybrids formed of L and F subunits; these hybrids can be
      electrophoretically separated. Red cell phosphofructokinase is composed of L and
      M subunits, as judged by its reactivity with anti-L and anti-M-type antisera. The
      various M-L hybrids composing red cell phosphofructokinase could be only
      separated by chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose. Lymphocytes from patients with
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoblasts from patients with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia contain phosphofructokinase forms similar to those from
      normal lymphocytes, while the immature granulocytic cells (leukemic myeloblasts
      and myeloid cells of chronic myeloid leukemia) are characterized by a
      reinforcement of enzyme inhibition by anti-F-type antiserum. Lymphoid lines in
      culture (Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced or malignant lymphoma-derived lines)
      are characterized by the indistinctive expression of all three basic subunits,
      similar to that found in some fetal tissues. This article represents the first
      description of the isozymic nature of phosphofructokinase in platelets and white
      blood cells and of its changes with malignancy and cell culture. This enzyme
      might represent a useful marker in the characterization of the leukemic cells.

PMID- 156571
TI  - Congress emphasizes rehabilitation research.

PMID- 156570
TI  - [Changes of ground substances and effect of some anti-inflammatory drugs in
      cotton pellet granuloma (author's transl)].

PMID- 156572
TI  - A study of arterial prostheses by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Scanning electron micrographs were taken of ten different vascular prostheses.
      The micrographs showed that some prostheses were damaged and some had traces of
      chemicals on their surface. The application of standard vascular clamps damaged
      most grafts and some showed remarkable changes on resterilization.

PMID- 156573
TI  - Sacroiliac strain.

PMID- 156574
TI  - Serotonergic facilitation of facial motoneuron excitation.
AB  - The effect of serotonin (5-HT) on motoneurons located in the facial nucleus of
      the rat was investigated in the present study. Microiontophoretic application of
      10--200 nA pulses of 5-HT lasting from 1 to 10 min failed to excite facial
      motoneurons. However, small amounts of 5-HT facilitated the subthreshold and
      threshold excitatory effects of iontophoretically applied glutamate on these
      cells. Typically, the current of glutamate required to produce an activation of
      facial motoneurons was reduced by at least 50% in the presence of 5-HT. In
      addition, 5-HT markedly shifted to the left the cumulative dose-response curve of
      glutamate-induced excitation of motoneurons. The 5-HT releasing agent p
      chloroamphetamine (PCA) facilitated the excitatory effects of glutamate on
      montoneurons in control animals, but not in those pretreated with the 5-HT also
      facilitated the subthreshold and threshold excitation of motoneurons produced by
      stimulation of the motor cortex and the red nucleus. The facilitating effect of 5
      HT was blocked by methysergide. Norepinephrine also facilitated facial motoneuron
      excitation but this effect was not blocked by methysergide. It is concluded that
      5-HT in the facial nucleus functions in a manner that is not analagous to direct
      excitation, but rather acts as a gain setter to enhance the effects of excitatory
      afferent inputs.

PMID- 156575
TI  - Static and dynamic fusimotor action on the response of spindle primary endings to
      sinusoidal stretches in the cat.

PMID- 156576
TI  - Interaction of sodium with the sarcolemmal calcium system.
AB  - Sarcolemma isolated from guinea pig heart binds calcium in an ATP-dependent
      manner. Sodium ions decrease the total amount of calcium bound by the membranes.
      ATP-dependent calcium binding is more sensitive to sodium than the non-ATP
      dependent calcium binding. The ATPase active during calcium binding is affected
      by sodium ions to the same extent as the ATP-dependent calcium binding process.
      The inhibition of the calcium binding process and of ATPase activity by sodium
      was more pronounced when the membranes were preincubated with sodium. The effect
      of sodium on calcium binding is dependent on both the time of contact between
      sodium and the membranes and the concentration of sodium. It is suggested that
      the effect of sodium on the calcium binding system in the sarcolemma may be a
      link between the inhibition of Na+K+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) by cardiac glycosides
      and the subsequent increase in intracellular calcium.

PMID- 156577
TI  - The biosynthesis of the free sterols and sterol esters of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The composition of the free and esterified sterols in Neurospora crassa was
      examined as a function of incubation time in starvation medium containing [2
      14C]mevalonic acid. The 14C incorporation was monitored in nuclear methylated and
      4,14-desmethyl sterol fractions. After 7 h incubation, sterol esterification had
      increased from an initial 5% in the log phase culture to 48% of the total sterol
      pool, with a concomitant decrease in free sterols. The relationship of the free
      and esterified sterol components in ergosterol biosynthesis is discussed.

PMID- 156578
TI  - Cardiac output measurement by thermodilution.
AB  - The accuracy of thermodilution for measuring cardiac output was studied by
      comparing this method with measurements obtained by an electromagnetic flowmeter
      in the dog. Thermal curves were computed by a cardiac output computer and
      absolute flows were obtained by pump calibration of the flowmeter. Regression
      analysis showed an excellent correlation (P less than 0.001) between
      thermodilution measurements with injectates at 0 degrees C and flowmeter
      measurements using either cannulating probes (n = 105, r = 0.98) or periaortic
      probes (n = 100, r = 0.96). With the use of normal room temperature injectates, a
      good correlation was also found with absolute flows (n = 75, r = 0.92, P less
      than 0.001). Thermodilution overestimated cardiac output by 3% to 9%. In 32 pairs
      of successive cardiac output determinations by thermodilution, there was no
      significant difference between the two measurements (P greater than 0.05). In
      eight patients cardiac output was measured postoperatively by thermodilution with
      injectates at 0 degrees C and 24 degrees C administered in rapid succession.
      Regression analysis of 50 pairs of measurements at the two temperatures showed a
      strong correlation between the two techniques (r = 0.96) and the two results were
      not significantly different (P = 0.00001).

PMID- 156579
TI  - Guidelines to birth control counselling of the physically handicapped.
AB  - Birth control counselling of well motivated physically handicapped men and women
      is discussed in a series of suggested steps: (1) preappointment arrangements are
      made to ensure physical access to the office, and the partner or a helper may be
      invited to the visit; (2) the patient is encouraged to name the desired birth
      control method; (3) the patient's fertility is established from the history and
      the results of physical examination and laboratory tests; (4) methods of birth
      control are matched to the patient's physical and mental capabilities; (5)
      potential side effects of the proposed methods are considered in the light of the
      handicap; (6) a method is finally recommended that may be a trade-off, with ease
      of use balanced against efficacy, and living with side effects balanced against
      the risks of pregnancy; and (7) rechecks are necessary to ensure that the patient
      is using the method with skill and satisfaction.

PMID- 156580
TI  - A phase I study of chlorozotocin (NSC 178248).
AB  - Chlorozotocin was administered by rapid intravenous infusion to 35 patients with
      advanced cancer on either single-day of five-consecutive-day schedules. Total
      doses per course ranged from 12.5 to 200 mg/m2. On either administration
      schedule, dose limiting toxicities were thrombocytopenia and leukopenia at total
      doses of 150 mg/m2 to 200 mg/m2. Repetitive courses of drug may produce
      progressive impairment of renal and bone marrow function. Nausea and vomiting
      were infrequent and mild without definite relationship to dose. Minor reversible
      nondose related increases in SGOT and in serum creatinine occurred at all doses
      on both schedules. The plasma half-life of intact N-nitroso groups averaged 9.5
      minutes after rapid intravenous administration of doses up to 40 mg/m2 and 12.5
      minutes after doses of 150 or 200 mg/m2. No differences between plasma half-lives
      were seen between identical doses given on the first and fifth days of the five
      day schedule. Objective tumor regression was noted in one patient with
      bronchogenic large cell carcinoma and one patient with metastatic melanoma.

PMID- 156581
TI  - Cultured human leukemic non-T/non-B lymphoblasts and their stimulating capacity
      in "one-way" mixed lymphocyte reaction: suggestive evidence for early T-cell or B
      cell precursors.
AB  - It is now well recognized that a large proportion of cases with acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia are classified as non-T/non-B neoplastic disease. The
      origin of leukemic non-T/non-B cells is at present not known. It has been shown
      that fresh or cultured leukemic T lymphoblasts exert no stimulating capacity
      while leukemic B lymphoblasts exert a strong stimulation in "one-way" mixed
      lymphocyte reaction. It has also been shown that fresh leukemic cells from some
      patients with non-T/non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia possess a strong
      stimulation while leukemic cells from other patients with this disease possess no
      stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes. The present study shows that cultured
      leukemic lymphoblasts from 3 non-T/non-B cell lines (NALL-1, NALM-6 and NALM-16)
      consistently exert a strong stimulation on allogeneic lymphocytes. On the other
      hand, cultured leukemic lymphoblasts from 2 non-T/non-B cell lines (REH and KM-3)
      consistently fail to stimulate in "one-way" mixed lymphocyte reaction. Our data
      clearly support the speculation that leukemic non-T/non-B cells which possess the
      stimulating capacity may represent less differentiated leukemic B lymphoid cells
      (pre-B cells) and leukemic non-T/non-B cells which possess no stimulating
      capacity may represent less differentiated leukemic T lymphoid cells (per-T
      cells).

PMID- 156582
TI  - [Chromosom al polymorphism in families at risk C-- and Q-- variants in parent and
      fetal cells].

PMID- 156583
TI  - Histochemical and ultrastructural properties of myoid cells in the thymus of the
      frog.
AB  - Histochemical and ultrastructural properties of myoid cells in the thymus of the
      frog were investigated and compared with properties of skeletal muscle fibres.
      The histochemical reactions of phospholipids, phosphorylase, succinic
      dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase activities in myoid cells were
      characterized by considerable variability. Individual myoid cells apparently
      possess different enzyme activities which correspond to different stages of
      development, maturity and degeneration of these cells. The mature mononucleated
      myoid cells have similar enzymatic properties to the fast muscle fibres of the
      frog. This finding has been extended by ultrastructural observations. Features,
      typical of fast muscle fibres of the frog, e.g. the presence of the M-line,
      straight and narrow Z-line and well developed triads were found in the majority
      of mature myoid cells.

PMID- 156585
TI  - Human monocyte and macrophage modulation of lymphocyte proliferation.

PMID- 156584
TI  - Split gene for mitochondrial 24S ribosomal RNA of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The 60 kb circular mitochondrial genome of N. crassa has previously been shown to
      contain a single transcription unit for 17S and 24S rRNA mapping within the
      largest Eco RI fragment E1 (19.6 kb). This fragment was isolated from uncloned
      mitochondrial DNA and further analyzed by cleavage with restriction endonucleases
      Hind II, Hind III, Bam HI, Pvu II and BgI I, and by electron microscopy of
      rRNA/DNA hybrids. The resulting map shows a 2.3 kb intervening sequence
      interrupting the gene for 24S rRNA. The main part (2.7 kb) of this gene is
      separated from the 17S rRNA gene by a 5 kb segment which contains several
      transfer RNA genes. This segment is much longer than the putative 1 kb spacer
      sequence within the 32S precursor molecule for both rRNAs, suggesting a second
      splicing event in that region.

PMID- 156587
TI  - Reversal of macrophage-augmented MLR reactivity by tumor-induced splenic
      suppressor T cells and their soluble factor(s).

PMID- 156586
TI  - Mixed lymphocyte reaction in mice genetically selected for high (Hi/PHA) or low
      (Lo/PHA) responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin.

PMID- 156588
TI  - Regulation of T-cell mixed lymphocyte reaction reactivity: demonstration of
      enhancing and inhibitory activity in tumor bearing host macrophages supernatants.

PMID- 156589
TI  - [Results of intranasal vaccination of school children against influenza by
      inactivated adinvira vaccine (author's transl)].

PMID- 156590
TI  - [The significance of serological tests in measles diagnosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 156591
TI  - [Application of the test of macrophage migration inhibition to assess allergy to
      2-phenyl-4,5-dichloro-3-pyridazinone (author's transl)].

PMID- 156592
TI  - [Inhibitory action of some bacterial exoproteases in colicines of enterobacteria
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 156593
TI  - [Epidemiology os scabies. 1. Analysis of notified morbidity in 1961 to 1977
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 156594
TI  - [Immunoglobulin A and lysozyme (muramidase) levels in the saliva of subjects
      vaccinated by the intranasal route with influenza vaccine (author's transl)].

PMID- 156595
TI  - [Investigation of the relationship of R-plasmides to the change of the phage type
      of Salmonella strains isolated from typhoid and paratyphoid carriers (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 156596
TI  - [Incidence of ascariasis and trichuriasis in 9--11-year-old school children of
      the North Moravian region (author's transl)].

PMID- 156597
TI  - [Regional intestinal lesions in golden hamsters -- "wet tail"? (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 156598
TI  - [The 50th anniversary of Professor of Jan Stefanovic, C.Sc].

PMID- 156599
TI  - [The 50th anniversary of Jiri Stehlik, M.D].

PMID- 156600
TI  - [20 years of the ACICENUM Health Publishing House n.p].

PMID- 156601
TI  - [Laparoscopy: anesthesia and its complications].

PMID- 156602
TI  - A parental perspective on the Honeylands Home Visiting Project for severely
      handicapped infants provided by three mothers of older handicapped children.
AB  - Three mothers of severely handicapped children, who had not attended Honeylands
      nor received any home visiting, were asked to attend and participate in the
      monthly group meetings for the second year of the three year project (Rayner
      1978). They each then decided to visit a family with their home therapist. They
      comment on the responsibility undertaken by all parties to this work; parents,
      therapist and supportive team.

PMID- 156603
TI  - Assessment of handicap in childhood.

PMID- 156604
TI  - Diphenhydramine protection of the failing myocardium during gram-negative
      endotoxemia.
AB  - Gram-negative endotoxin (Escherichia coli, 4 mg/kg) was found to produce a
      sustained fall in systemic arterial pressure, left ventricular pressure, and
      cardiac output that could be blocked by the histamine antagonist diphenhydramine.
      Histamine infusion was found to produce a parallel depression of systemic
      arterial pressure. Further, endotoxemia was found to produce a significant
      depression of myocardial contractility (dP/dt max) that could also be blocked by
      diphenhydramine. Cardiac myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity
      from endotoxin-shocked hearts was found to be depressed, ATPase activity from
      subendocardial myofibrils being more depressed than that from subepicardial
      myofibrils. Myofibrillar ATPase activity was significantly protected by
      pretreating the animals with diphenhydramine. It is concluded that the initial
      hemodynamic phase of endotoxin shock is histamine-mediated and that this
      hemodynamic depression can be blocked with diphenhydramine. Further, it appears
      that endotoxin is capable of depressing myocardial contractility by depressing
      contractile protein function (myofibrillar ATPase activity)--the subendocardial
      surface more so than the subepicardial surface--and this depression of myocardial
      contractility can be blocked with diphenhydramine.

PMID- 156605
TI  - The influence of left ventricular late diastolic filling on the A wave of the
      left ventricular pressure trace.
AB  - To study the influence of left ventricular (LV) late diastolic filling on the A
      wave of the LV pressure, simultaneously recorded echocardiographic LV dimensions
      and high-fidelity LV pressure measurements were taken in 24 patients. Group 1
      comprised eight patients without LV hypertrophy (LVH) and LV end-diastolic
      pressure (LVEDP) less than or equal to 13 mm Hg. Group 2 comprised 16 patients
      with LVH secondary to aortic stenosis, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic
      stenosis, or hypertension and increased LVEDP. Patients in group 2 had
      significantly thicker left ventricles, decreased mitral E-to-F slopes, and larger
      A waves in the LV pressure curve. On the basis of end-diastolic chamber
      stiffness, we divided group 2 into two populations: 12 patients (group 2A) with
      end-diastolic chamber stiffness similar to that in group 1, and four patients
      (group 2B) with markedly elevated end-diastolic chamber stiffness. Patients in
      group 2A had a larger atrial contribution to LV filling than those with markedly
      abnormal stiffness (group 2B). Therefore, in LVH an increased A wave in the LV
      pressure may be related to either elevated end-diastolic chamber stiffness or
      augmented left atrial volume transport.

PMID- 156606
TI  - Exercise-induced ST elevation in patients without myocardial infarction.
AB  - A review of 6040 consecutive exercise tests yielded 106 patients without previous
      myocardial infarction (MI) who had exercise-induced ST elevation (greater than or
      equal to 0.5 mm in a 15-lead ECG system). In 46, ST elevation was correlated with
      left ventriculography and coronary angiography. Coronary artery disease (CAD)
      (greater than or equal to 70% narrowing) was detected in 40 of 46 patients: 12
      patients had one-vessel disease, 13 had two-vessel disease, and 15 had three
      vessel disease. Resting ventriculograms were normal in 36 of 40 patients. Of 21
      patients with anterior (V1-V3) ST elevation, 86% had a left anterior descending
      (LAD) obstruction and 78% had obstruction proximal to the first diagonal branch.
      LAD disease occurred significantly more frequently than right and circumflex CAD.
      There was no anatomic correlation of three persons with lateral (leads V4--6, I
      or aVL) or 27 patients with inferior-posterior (leads II, III, aVF, Y or Z)
      exercise-induced ST elevation. Therefore, exercise-induced ST elevation is
      strongly correlated with CAD but not resting wall motion abnormalities. Further,
      anterior exercise-induced ST elevation in patients without a previous MI often
      predicts a significant proximal LAD obstruction.

PMID- 156607
TI  - Noninvasive screening criteria for enhanced 4-year survival after aortocoronary
      bypass surgery.
AB  - Two thousand one men with coronary heart disease (CHD) who were enrolled in the
      Exercise Testing Registry of the Seattle Heart Watch had symptom-limited maximal
      exercise tests at the initial clinical examination and follow-up surveillance of
      subsequent mortality for 4.1  +/- 1.6 years. When subdivided into three mutually
      exclusive subgroups, 636 patients did not have exertional myocardial ischemia,
      left ventricular dysfunction or cardiomegaly; 885 without cardiomegaly had only
      exertional ischemia; 480 had left ventricular dysfunction by either cardiomegaly
      and/or two noninvasive exertional criteria, with or without exertional myocardial
      ischemia. Three hundred thirty-one men had aortocoronary bypass surgery, while
      1670 remained unopened for at least 4 years. Only 34% of the operated patients
      who had left ventricular dysfunction, as defined, showed a marked improvement in
      4-year survival rates (p less than 0.01). Differences in the annual CHD mortality
      rates in relation to surgical treatment in the other two groups were not
      statistically significant. Restricting the analysis to a subset of patients who
      had invasive studies did not alter the conclusion. Accordingly, we suggest the
      use of noninvasive criteria to aid preliminary screening of patients for invasive
      studies and surgical treatment.

PMID- 156608
TI  - Echocardiographic thickness of right ventricular anterior wall.

PMID- 156609
TI  - A study of erythrocyte fatty acids, adenosinetriphosphatase and
      acetylcholinesterase in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - 1. The proportions of both saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were
      measured in the erythrocytes in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients along with two
      membrane bound enzymes ATPase and acetylcholinesterase. Linoleic acid was found
      to be significantly decreased and arachidonic acid increased in CF patients. The
      proportion of saturated fatty acids were not significantly different from the
      controls. Only adenosinetriphosphatase activity was found to be reduced and not
      acetylcholinesterase in CF patients.

PMID- 156610
TI  - Self indentified personality patterns of children with facial or orthopedic
      disfigurement.
AB  - This study compared personality characteristics of children with cleft lip and
      palate to another group of children with different observable physical impairment
      (orthopedic disability) and speech difficulties. It was hypothesized that
      different types of observable physical stigmata may result in different
      personality adaptations. Forty-five children from each of two groups (25 males
      and 20 females) were matched for sex, age, and intelligence. They were compared
      using the Missouri Children's Picture Series, a non-verbal personality test, on
      the following dimensions: Conformity, Masculinity/Femininity, Maturity,
      Agression, Inhibition, Activity Level Sleep Disturbance and Somatization. The
      results indicate that males with cleft lip and palate are significantly higher on
      Maturity and Inhibition while Orthopedically Disabled males are higher on
      Agression, Activity Level, and Somatization. Cleft lip and palate females are
      significantly higher on Maturity and Inhibition while Orthopedically Disabled
      females are higher on Masculinity. The results indicate differential personality
      adaptations in the two different types of observable physical impairments.
      Results are discussed in terms of their relationship to selected psychosocial
      variables.

PMID- 156612
TI  - A flow system adaptation of the SCM test for detection of lymphocyte response in
      patients with recurrent breast cancer.

PMID- 156611
TI  - Gamma 3-heavy-chain disease (gamma 3-HCD) in a young patient with Down syndrome.
      Study of peripheral blood lymphocytes and of susceptibility to infection.

PMID- 156613
TI  - Immediate management structural malformations in the neonatal period.

PMID- 156614
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis to isopropylaminodiphenylamine (IPPD).
AB  - Fifty-one patients allergic to IPPD have been reviewed and the clinical features
      and prognosis discussed. In 38 of the 51 patients, the dermatitis was considered
      as occupational, the majority being employed in the transport industry.

PMID- 156615
TI  - Cyanoacrylate dermatitis.
AB  - An outbreak of irritant dermatitis from a cyanoacrylate glue among a group of
      electronic assembly workers is described. It was caused by vaporization of
      monomer under conditions of low relative humidity. No further outbreak occurred
      when the humidity of the working environment was raised above 55%.

PMID- 156617
TI  - Epoxy resin in a one-pack glue.

PMID- 156616
TI  - Delayed irritation: hexanediol diacrylate and butanediol diacrylate.
AB  - Ephemeral topical contact with hexanediol diacrylate and butanediol diacrylate
      may cause delayed irritant dermatitis. During 4 years' observation of 20 workers
      utilizing these substances in the electron beam coating department of a door
      factory, contact sensitization did not occur. The characteristics of delayed
      contact irritancy are enumerated. The disease must be distinguished from allergic
      contact dermatitis, acute irritant dermatitis and cumulative irritant dermatitis.

PMID- 156618
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from epoxy resin finished glass fiber.

PMID- 156619
TI  - Contact dermatitis from propylene oxide.

PMID- 156621
TI  - Contact dermatitis from barley dust.

PMID- 156620
TI  - Chloracetophenone (CS) dermatitis.

PMID- 156622
TI  - Contact dermatitis from silver coat.

PMID- 156623
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from monosulfiram (Tetmosol)soap.

PMID- 156625
TI  - False fear--false hope.

PMID- 156624
TI  - Mechanism of actomyosin ATPase and the problem of muscle contraction.

PMID- 156626
TI  - Synergism of vitamins A and E with dermatologic applications.
AB  - A synergism between vitamins A and E has been demonstrated by a number of
      investigators, notably Stanley R. Ames, who showed that in rats on a vitamin E
      deficient diet, the serum vitamin A level remained low, no matter how much
      vitamin A was given by mouth, or even by injection, but that adding vitamin E to
      the diet restored the vitamin A serum level to normal. We have utilized these
      observations with a high degree of success where vitamin A alone had failed to
      control three dermatologic conditions involving a defect in keratinization,
      namely, keratosis follicularis (Darier's disease), pityriasis rubra pilaris, and
      acne vulgaris. It is possible that a number of additional dermatoses
      characterized by dyskeratosis or hyperkeratosis might also be benefited by this
      combination.

PMID- 156627
TI  - Evaluation of abrasives in acne therapy.
AB  - Various abrasive materials, such as pumice, polyethylene, and aluminum oxide are
      widely used as adjuncts in the therapy of acne. The apparent rationale is that
      abrasion should unseat comedones and deter their formation. We assessed the
      efficacy of various abrasives and abradant pads. Varying degrees of peeling and
      erythema were produced, but there was no appreciable reduction of comedones.
      Aggravation was noted in some cases. Generally, the resorption of papules and
      pustules was enhanced.

PMID- 156628
TI  - Genetic linkage studies in Huntington disease.

PMID- 156629
TI  - Co-existing aortic stenosis and secondary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy manifested
      by an hourglass left ventricle. Successful treatment with verapamil.
AB  - A patient with moderate aortic stenosis had severe hypertrophy and a typical
      hourglass appearance of the left ventricle. His effort-induced angina and dyspnea
      responded to treatment with verapamil. We suggest that the aortic stenosis
      resulted in secondary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which may be treated by calcium
      antagonists.

PMID- 156630
TI  - Radiopharmaceutical bone scanning in pediatric neurosurgery.
AB  - Radionuclide bone scanning is an extremely sensitive, safe and widely applicable
      investigative aid. In most circumstances it cannot be employed to the exclusion
      of plain radiography as the two procedures--one dynamic and the other static-
      complement each other. In children, bone imaging demonstrates physiologic
      characteristics of bone growth and early suture closure, delineates obscure
      tumors and infection, recent or old trauma not always visible on orthodox
      radiography and may solve the diagnostic dilemma of a child with heretofore
      undiagnosed head, neck or back pain.

PMID- 156632
TI  - [Role of LD-antigens in allogenic swine liver transplantation].
AB  - The different distribution of SD and LD antigens in the liver after a pig liver
      allograft creates a state of anti-LD immunity. This anti-LD immunity alters the
      immune response of the recipient and leads to a spontaneous recovery of the liver
      allograft rejection.

PMID- 156631
TI  - [Subendocardial jeopardy of the hypertrophied myocardium].
AB  - In moderate hypertrophy (+35%) of the canine left ventricle (LV), resting
      myocardial blood flow (MBF, tracer microspheres) was not significantly altered
      when compared with controls. The endo/epi flow ratio of the LV was, however,
      significantly smaller (0.82-0.9) than in controls (1.02-1.17). After coronary
      dilatation with dipyridamole, coronary flow reserve was smaller in hypertrophied
      hearts. This became particularly obvious when acute coronary constriction (70%)
      was induced. There was, however, no indication that after coronary constriction
      in early hypertrophy the subendocardium was more jeopardized than in controls.

PMID- 156634
TI  - [Characteristics of the development of experimental renal hypertension].

PMID- 156633
TI  - [Various types of narrow lumen of the lumbar vertebral canal].

PMID- 156635
TI  - [Radioactive pollution of bottom deposits and its prevention].

PMID- 156636
TI  - [The contribution of laparoscopy to diagnosis of malignant lymphomas (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Peritoneoscopy revealed in 15 patients with malignant lymphomas splenomegaly (13
      patients), hepatomegaly (10 patients, 8 of them with impressive or suspicious
      alterations of the liver surface) and enlargement of retroperitoneal lymph nodes
      or localised infiltration of a jejunal loop (3 patients). Aimed biopsy of liver,
      spleen or lymph nodes frequently established the diagnosis definitively. The
      various features of malignant lymphomas observable at peritoneoscopy are
      described. Based on these experiences peritoneoscopy is recommended in suspected
      malignant lymphomas as a real diagnostic aid.

PMID- 156637
TI  - Monoaminergic control of episodic growth hormone secretion in the rat: effects of
      reserpine, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, p-chlorophenylalanine, and haloperidol.
AB  - The effects on GH secretion of reserpine, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MT), p
      chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), and haloperidol were studied in undisturbed,
      unanesthetized male rats with implanted intraaortic cannulae. The effects of the
      various drug treatments on motor activity and brain levels of catecholamines
      (CAs) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as well as the synthesis of the biogenic
      amines were also studied. Reserpine (10 mg/kg, ip) completely inhibited GH
      secretion for at least 15 h. Repeated injections of reserpine prolonged this
      inhibition. Episodic GH secretion reappeared 36 h after the last administration
      of reserpine, at which time the behavioral inhibition and blepharospasm induced
      by the drug was less pronounced than after 24 h, but brain levels of CAs and 5-HT
      were still markedly reduced. Administration of alpha-MT (150 mg/kg; 12, 4, and 2
      h before experiments) inhibited episodic GH secretion and caused marked
      inhibition of motor activity and brain levels of CAs but not 5-HT. The inhibition
      of episodic GH secretion was more pronounced with haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg; 30 min
      before experiments) than with alpha-MT but was not as complete as that found 12 h
      after administration of reserpine. Administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (300
      mg/kg; 72, 48, and 24 h before experiments) had no effect on episodic GH
      secretion, whereas brain levels of 5-HT and 5-HT synthesis were markedly reduced.

PMID- 156638
TI  - Enzymic profiles of bovine pancreatic ductal and acinar tissues.
AB  - The plasma membrane enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, bicarbonate-dependent
      adenosine triphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, and carbonate dehydratase, were
      measured in ductal and acinar preparations of bovine pancreas. Epithelial cells
      were scraped from the main duct and a piece of acinar tissue was dissected from
      the whole pancreas for homogenization. All enzymes studied demonstrated higher
      levels in the duct per milligram protein than in the acinus: bicarbonate
      dependent adenosine triphosphatase was 2.8 times higher; 5'-nucleotidase, 4.1
      times higher; carbonate dehydratase, 16.9 times higher, while alkaline
      phosphatase showed only a slight increase in the duct compared to acini.

PMID- 156639
TI  - Effects of phospholipase A2 and albumin on the calcium-dependent ATPase and the
      lipid composition of sarcoplasmic membranes.
AB  - 1. The calcium-dependent ATPase activity of phospholipase-A2-digested
      sarcoplasmic vesicles decreases concomitantly with the contents of residual
      lysophospholipids and fatty acids when increasing albumin concentrations are
      applied. 2. Delipidated albumin preferentially removes unsaturated fatty acids
      and lysophosphatidylcholine. A complete removal of the phospholipids by albumin
      does not occur. 3. The membrane-bound lysophospholipids were analysed with
      respect to type of phospholipid, plasmalogen content and fatty acid chains by
      means of thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. 4. While the fatty
      acid composition of the lysophospholipids is independent of the degree of
      delipidation, the composition of the residual free fatty acids is found to change
      with the albumin concentration. 5. Reactivation of the Ca2+-ATPase by oleate
      leads to reasonable activities at room temperature as long as a minimum of about
      30 lysophospholipid molec-les per ATPase is left. The course of the residual Ca2+
      ATPase activity with the degree of delipidation is related to the presence of
      unsaturated fatty acids. 6. No specific role of either sphingomyelin or the
      plasmalogens has been found.

PMID- 156640
TI  - Human gastric mucosal adenylate cyclase: activation by histamine-H2-receptor
      stimulation and inhibition by cimetidine in vitro and in peptic ulcer patients.

PMID- 156641
TI  - Bronchodilator activity of dimaprit in the guinea pig in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The bronchodilator activity of the H2-recptor agonist, dimaprit, was assessed in
      vitro and in vivo. In vitro dimaprit relaxed guinea pig tracheal spirals and
      parenchymal strips that were constricted by the H1 receptor agonist, 2-PEA, or by
      carbachol. The H2-receptor antagonist, metiamide, inhibited this effect of
      dimaprit in vitro on both tissues constricted by 2-PEA but not on the carbachol
      constricted tracheal spiral. Intravenous infusion of dimaprit in the intact
      guinea pig resulted in reversal of bronchoconstriction induced by subcutaneous
      injection of 2-PEA. In vivo pretreatment with the H2-recptor antagonist,
      metiamide, resulted in a diminished sensitivity to the bronchodilating effects of
      intravenous dimaprit.

PMID- 156642
TI  - The nature of neoplastic cell membranes.

PMID- 156643
TI  - [Production esthetics of a pharmacy].

PMID- 156644
TI  - [Historical stages in the development of pharmacy in Georgia].

PMID- 156645
TI  - Preparation and application of magnetic polymers for targeting of drugs.

PMID- 156647
TI  - Small angle neutron scattering of Escherichia coli BF1-ATPase.

PMID- 156646
TI  - Adenine nucleotide binding sites in chemically modified F1-ATPase: inhibitory
      effect of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan on photolabeling by arylazido nucleotides.

PMID- 156648
TI  - Identification of iron (II) enterobactin and its possible role in Escherichia
      coli iron transport.

PMID- 156649
TI  - Some effects of an intrauterine device on glucosaminoglycans of the hamster
      uterus.
AB  - The effect of an intrauterine device (IUD) on non-heparin sulfomucopolysaccharide
      (SMP) was studied in castrated, hormone-treated, and cycling hamsters by
      photographic densitometry of tissue sections stained specifically for SMP with
      Alcian blue. Non-heparin SMP increased slightly in the myometrium of IUD
      containing uteri of all castrated groups, with the increase being significant in
      only the peanut oil-treated group. The endometrium also showed slight increases
      in sulfomucin in IUD-containing uteri of peanut oil, progesterone, and estrogen
      plus progesterone-treated animals. These increases, however, were not
      statistically significant. In cycling hamsters the IUD had little effect on
      uterine non-heparin SMP in most cycle stages.

PMID- 156650
TI  - Early assessment of a tubal plastic (Bleier) clip.
AB  - Fifty patients have been sterilized laparoscopically using a plastic tubal
      (Bleier) clip having a "snap-shut" mechanism. Initial assessment indicates that
      the method is simple in principle but there are limitations, including the bulky
      dimensions of the applicator, absence of a safety-catch mechanism, and faults in
      the clip design. Modifications are indicated before further evaluation.

PMID- 156651
TI  - The effect of trophic agents on fetal ovarian steroidogenesis in organ culture.

PMID- 156652
TI  - [Energy supply for conduction of rhythmic excitation in somatic nerve trunks].

PMID- 156654
TI  - [Somatic nerve ATPase activity when functioning under different conditions].

PMID- 156653
TI  - [Effect of noradrenaline on ion and water transport through frog gall bladder
      epithelium].
AB  - In experiments on isolated gallbladders (GB) of frogs it was established that
      noradrenaline in concentration of 6.10(-9)--3.10(-4) M acting on the organ from
      the serosalsurface causes firstly a short increase and then -- a prolonged
      inhibition of the absorption rate of NaCl -- isotonic fluid from the gall bladder
      cavity. While the concentration of the mediator increases in the inculation
      medium, its inhibiting effect increases too. Depression, and at high
      concentration in the medium, full inhibition of the process of fluid absorption
      is accompanied with distinct decrease of Na--, K--ATPase activity of gall bladder
      epithelial cells. Mediator in concentration of 3.10(-8) M caused an increase of
      membrane potential of the epithelial cells, while its increasing in the
      inculation medium to 3.10(-6) M caused a decrease of the transmembrane potential
      difference. Under the noradrenaline influence the increase of the osmotic
      permeability of the gall bladder's wall for the water flow directed from the
      mucosa to the serosalsurface of the organ took place, and also the decrease of
      the wall's permeability for the water flow in the opposite direction was seen. It
      was concluded that the noradrenaline inhibitory action on the process of
      absorption of NaCl--isotonic fluid from the gall bladder cavity was observed
      because of the decrease of the Na--K--ATPase activity, and also because of the
      change of the permeability of epithelium for the passive ion and water transport.

PMID- 156655
TI  - [Spontaneous discharges of muscle receptors of different functional types].
AB  - Characteristics of discharges as well as presence or absence of spontaneous
      impulse activity (SIA) were studied in 473 receptors of deafferented muscles in
      anesthetized cats. The SIA was absent in majority of Golgi's organs, pressor
      receptors, and in elementary dynamic and static receptors of muscle spindles. The
      SIA probability is particularly high in spindle receptors of phasic-tonic type.
      Absence or presence of the SIA is one of criteria for identifying the type of
      receptors. Among the universal receptors of dynamic and position types, the SIA
      probability increases along with enhancement of the static response. The soleus
      muscle possesses a lesser amount of units with SIA than the m. triceps. Absence
      or presence of the SIA seem to depend on different ways of connection between
      sensitive terminals and the intrafusal fibers of the spindles which have been
      initially stretched in a relaxed muscle.

PMID- 156656
TI  - Lymph node activation by a factor released from lymphocytes of normal mice in
      reaction with Mycobacterium kansasii.
AB  - Substances which have the same properties as the previously described lymph node
      activating factor are released from the 4-h culture of 10 X 10(6) lymph node
      cells from normal non-sensitized mice and 2.5--5 X 10(6) Mycobacterium kansasii
      cells. They increase the number of lymphocytes with nucleoli synthesizing
      ribonucleic acid in the popliteal lymph nodes of intact mice and give the
      precipitation lines with the beta- to alpha-globulin electrophoretic mobility,
      which are specific for the lymph node activating factor, in reaction with serum
      against the supernatants from mixed lymphocyte cultures. The conclusion drawn
      from these observations is that the release of the factor or related substances
      is one of the more general manifestations of the early response of lymphocytes to
      foreign cells. The activating and in immunoelectrophoresis specifically reacting
      substance is not released from lymphocytes of mice from a specific pathogen-free
      colony. We assume that the release of the factor is not the primary reaction of
      the non-sensitized lymphocytes but the secondary reaction of lymphocytes
      presensitized with substances which share antigenic determinants with
      Mycobacteria.

PMID- 156657
TI  - Fatty acid composition of lipids of human brain myelin and synaptosomes: changes
      in phenylketonuria and Down's syndrome.

PMID- 156658
TI  - Identification of proteose peptone component 8-slow as a plasmin-derived fragment
      of bovine beta-casein.

PMID- 156659
TI  - Gold salt-induced cholestasis.
AB  - The authors report the case of a patient with transient intrahepatic cholestasis
      following the administration of a soluble gold salt, sodium aurothiopropanol
      sulfonate. Other manifestations of intolerance to gold salts included exfoliative
      dermatitis and eosinophilia.

PMID- 156660
TI  - Prevention of diabetic glomerulopathy in streptozotocin diabetic rats by insulin
      treatment.
AB  - Glomerular basement membrane thickness (GBMT) has been measured in streptozotocin
      diabetic rats treated with insulin. The study included 3 groups of 8 rats each:
      1) a 'well-controlled' group of diabetic rats under insulin treatment with a
      plasma glucose level reasonable close to normal values, 2) a 'poorly-controlled'
      group also under insulin treatment with constant high plasma glucose values, and
      3) an age and weight matched non-diabetic control group. After 6 months of
      diabetes, GBMT was measured applying an intercept method on 3 glomerular cross
      sections from each of the 24 animals. The measurements showed that mean GBMT was
      132.2. nm in the non-diabetic control rats and 131.6 nm in the 'well-controlled'
      diabetic rats. In the 'poorly-controlled' group the man GBMT was 140.4 nm, i.e.
      statistically significant increased when compared to each of the two other
      groups, 2p = 0.022 and 0.012 respectively. The results demonstrate that good
      blood glucose control in rats preserves normal GBMT.

PMID- 156661
TI  - [Interstitial nephropathies: current aspects of classification and
      pathogenetics].

PMID- 156662
TI  - [Atrioventricular canal associated with Fallot's tetralogy. Anatomo-clinical
      study of 2 cases].
AB  - The Authors are examing two cases of A-V canal associated with T. of Fallot. The
      most important clinical aspects of this rare cardiopathy result in the following:
      -- the frequent coexistence with Down dyndrome; -- the ECG and VCG aspects of
      counterclockwise rotation of the initial vectors of QRS in the frontal plane; --
      the simultaneous observation of the typical echocardiographical aspects of both
      kinds of cardiopathy. The injection of dye into both ventricles allows the
      precise diagnosis. The post-mortem study in both cases shows the morphology of A
      V canal associated with the one of T. of Fallot. From the surgical point of view
      it is important to take into account the abnormal morphology and extension of
      VSD. The importance of the part that the conal cushion plays in the morphogenesis
      of the malformation is discussed.

PMID- 156663
TI  - [Myocardial hypertrophy in the course of experimental infarct in the rat].

PMID- 156664
TI  - Location of ATPase in liver membranes.

PMID- 156665
TI  - [Laparoscopic sterilization with electrocautery: complications and reliability
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 1084 laparoscopic sterilizations were evaluated in a retrospective study at the
      Universitats-Frauenklinik Zurich. The operative and early postoperative
      complications and the reliability of the method were analysed and compared to the
      results in the literature. Based on a cumulative statistical analysis 0,5%
      intraoperative complications required laparotomy, the main indications being
      haemorrhages and bowel injuries. Failed attempts were encountered in one of 150
      patients, the main causes of which were adhaesions and difficulties at
      establishing pneumoperitoneum. The failure rate of the laparoscopic
      electrocoagulation of the fallopian tube after a long-term follow-up was about
      0,5%, 20--25% of these were ectopic pregnancies. The transection of the fallopian
      tubes did not diminish the pregnancy rate, but the risk of bleeding was
      considerably higher with this technic. Concurrently performed therapeutic
      abortion or preceeeding laparotomy did not increase the operative complication
      rate.

PMID- 156666
TI  - The forgotten patients.

PMID- 156667
TI  - [Population genetics of the population of the northern European RSFSR. III.
      Demographic and genetic characteristics of two rural communities of the
      Pinezhskii District of the Arkhangel'sk Region].
AB  - The paper deals with the distribution of genetic markers (systems ABO, Rh, Hp,
      PTC) and a number of phenotyping traits (folding of arms, hand clasping, tongue
      rolling, right- and left-handedness, the type of ear lobe, the types of
      dermatoglyphics patterns) in the inhabitants of 5 villages in the Pinezhsky
      district of the Arkhangelsky region of the RSFSR. The data presented in this work
      were obtained in the course of examination of over 900 persons. Among the systems
      analysed there was a statistically significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg's
      equlibrium. It took place in two the least villages. In one case--for ABO blood
      groups, in another--for Hp system. There are an interesting fact of the excess of
      heterozygotes 2-1 and some excess of the group 0. Statistically significant
      differences between villages were shown for four genetic systems. Data on
      migrations, distribution of gene frequencies and estimated genetic and phenotype
      distances between villages of the same village community and between two
      communities suggest, that each village community can be considered as separate
      subdivided population. Considering the uniformity of the environmental pressure
      in the region examined, the heterogeneity of the population studied is apparently
      associated with a random genetic drift.

PMID- 156668
TI  - [Method of studying and evaluating the somatic type and the state of health in
      children with increased body mass].

PMID- 156669
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the tuboperitoneal sterility factor. Analysis of 86
      cases].

PMID- 156670
TI  - [Cerebral degeneration in Down's syndrome].
AB  - Clinical and neuropathological findings of a 63-year-old male and a 25-year-old
      female with Down's syndrome are presented. Neuropathological examination of the
      older patient revealed intense features of Alzheimer's disease or senile
      dementia, including congophilic angiopathy and extensive mineral deposits in the
      globus pallidus and in the white matter of the cerebellum. In the hippocampus of
      the younger patient, plaque-like bodies and a few neurofibrillary tangles were
      found. From a survey of the cases hitherto reported in the literature it appears
      that among patients over 50 years of age it is common to encounter pathological
      features typical of Alzheimer's disease or senile dementia, that plaque-like
      bodies may occur in the second decade, neurofibrillary tangles in the third
      decade and a congophilic angiopathy in the fourth decade. The congophilic
      angiopathy is a frequent finding. Due to their high frequency, calcium or
      calciumlike deposits are regarded as important histopathological substrates of
      Down's syndrome. The clinical symptomatology of the long-surviving patients with
      Down's syndrome is that of a non-characteristic brain aging process and differs
      from that of the typical Alzheimer's disease. Organic dementia is not regularly
      found. Altogether, the anatomical findings in adult patients with Down's syndrome
      indicate a premature aging of the brain, which becomes more significant and
      widespread with increasing age.

PMID- 156671
TI  - [Lymphangitis carcinomatosa of the lung in carcinoma of the prostate: frequency,
      radiological appearances and clinical significance (author's transl)].
AB  - Lung metastases from carcinoma of the prostate usually manifest themselves as
      radiologically diffuse lymphangitis carcinomatosa. Unlike the pathological
      findings, a radiological diagnosis is relatively uncommon. We have investigated
      this retrospectively in 230 patients; in 192, radiographs were available for
      study. In over 10% lung metastases were found, mostly in the form of lymphangitis
      carcinomatosa. In view of the bad prognostic significance and therapeutic
      implications of lymphangitis carcinomatosa, it is important to bear this in mind
      and to look for it radiologically.

PMID- 156672
TI  - [Computer tomographic demonstration of lymph node metastases from malignant
      testicular tumours. A comparison of lymphography and computer tomography
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Lymphography and computer tomography was performed on 64 patients with malignant
      testicular tumours in order to demonstrate lymph node metastases. In 60 patients
      it was possible to confirm the findings by surgery. In 43 patients there was
      agreement between the findings of the computer tomogram and the lymphogram. In 39
      of these patients lymph node metastases had been demonstrated, in three there was
      a false negative and in one a false positive. Amongst the patients in whom there
      was a descrepancy between the two types of examination, the CT findings were
      confirmed histologically in twelve, and the lymphographic findings in nine. In
      12.5% CT added significant additional information. Accuracy of lymphography was
      73% and of computer tomography 80%. Specificity for each examination was 79%.

PMID- 156673
TI  - [Chondromalacia patellae--arthrographic observations on the genesis and diagnosis
      of cartilaginous damage (author's transl)].
AB  - Thanks to recent advances in arthrography, diagnosis of cartilaginous lesions has
      increasingly become a task of the radiologist. An accurate assessment of the
      cartilage of the femoropatellar joint can be established via double-contrast
      technique and so-called "defile" projections, whereas the axial projection of the
      patella without contrast medium shows only secondary arthrotic changes of bone
      and is unsuitable for demonstrating early cartilaginous damage. The
      classification of dysplastic patellae into different types according to Wiberg
      and Baumgartl yields a statistical correlation with the frequency of
      chondromalacia, but does not give any conclusive evidence in individual cases. A
      special influence on joint mechanics and the development of chondromalacia
      patellae is exercised by a cartilaginous ridge of the medial patellar facette.

PMID- 156674
TI  - [Paget's disease--manifestations in the vertebral colum. Computer tomographic
      investigations (author's transl)].
AB  - Computer tomography has been found to be of value in the study of deformities and
      narrowing of the spinal canal in 52 patients with Paget's disease of vertebral
      bodies. To a limited extent it can also be used for evaluating the intervertebral
      foramina. Deformities of the spinal canal were classified into three degrees of
      severity. The most severe changes were found in the lower thoracic region. The
      presence of neurological complications is an indication for CT studies.

PMID- 156675
TI  - [Computer tomography of the sacroiliac joints (author's transl)].
AB  - Computer tomography, like conventional radiography, can demonstrate inflammatory,
      degenerative or reparative, traumatic and neoplastic lesions of the sacroiliac
      joints. In some cases computer tomography adds important information, for
      instance as regards soft tissue changes near the S.I. joints in the presence of
      neoplastic or posttraumatic lesions (tumour extension, hematoma). Computer
      tomography is also able to demonstrate minor disalignment of the sacro-iliac
      joints (so-called sacro-listhesis).

PMID- 156676
TI  - [The kinetics of contrast media in cerebral tumours (author's transl)].
AB  - The increase in density of cerebral tumours following intravenous injection of
      contrast media was measured by computer tomography and was evaluated
      quantitatively. The density increase of 158 tumours five minute after injection
      was between 0 and 29 CT units. There are considerable variations in density
      increase of various types of tumour, but the scatter is so wide as to preclude a
      diagnosis of tumour type. In 75 tumours repeated measurement of contrast changes
      were carried out for two hours following the injection. Again the variation
      differs with different types of tumour, but is not characteristic enough for
      exact clinical diagnosis. In 26 patients contrast concentrations were measured in
      the tumour and the blood and a pharmaco-kinetic compartmental analysis was
      carried out. In some tumours contrast changes can be explained by a single
      compartment model, whereas in others a two compartment model is necessary.
      Certain conclusions regarding the mechanism of contrast uptake can be reached.

PMID- 156677
TI  - [Image properties of computer tomography. III. Measurements on homogenous
      materials. Relationship of attenuation and scatter to various parameters
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The present paper investigates the variations due to various parameters on the
      image of homogeneous materials as obtained with the Somatom CT scanner. Sugar
      solutions were used with concentrations equivalent to the absorption values of
      soft tissues. Because of quantum noise, attentuation at various points is not
      uniform, but is distributed in a Gaussian manner round a mean value. Using the
      Evaluskop it was possible to determine the degree of scatter. It was shown that,
      with increasing density of the material, the scatter increased and that this can
      be reduced by subjecting the tomogram to a smoothing process. It was further
      shown how the scatter depends on various parameters, such as thickness and dose.
      The amount of scatter in a tomogram is important in determining the density
      gradation which can be a achieved.

PMID- 156678
TI  - [A comparative diagnostic study of malignant lesions of the liver by infusion
      angiography and percutaneous transhepatic portography (author's transl)].
AB  - The diagnostic effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic portography (PTP) was
      evaluated in 21 patients with primary and metastatic liver carcinoma, who also
      had infusion hepatic angiography. The findings at PTP were compared with
      unequivocal tumor changes demonstrated at infusion hepatic angiography in all
      cases. PTP revealed tumors in 14 of 21 cases. The location, size and number of
      the tumor(s) were decisive for their detectability at PTP. Solitary lesions
      smaller than 2 cm in the central parts of the liver escaped detection, whereas
      lesions larger than 7 cm in the left lobe and 6 cm in the right lobe were
      demonstrated in all cases. Multiple metastases of 1--2 cm were detected in most
      cases. Lesions smaller than 4 cm were better shown by the sinusoidal phase at
      PTP, where lesions larger than 5 cm were better delineated by the portal venous
      phase.

PMID- 156679
TI  - [Nonsurgical production of intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts in portal
      hypertension with the double lumen balloon catheter (author's transl)].
AB  - A nonsurgical production of intrahepatic shungs between the left portal and left
      hepatic vein was evaluated in twelve dogs with acute portal hypertension.
      Dilatation of the intrahepatic tract was achieved by means of a double lumen
      balloon catheter introduced into the portal system with the transjugular
      approach. The shunts proved to be effective in immediate reduction of increased
      portal pressure and no significant complications were encountered.

PMID- 156680
TI  - [Evaluation of hepato-biliary functional scintigraphy with 99mTc diethyle-IDA.
      Findings in normal livers (author's transl)].
AB  - Hepato-biliary functional scintigraphy was performed on 51 patients with normal
      livers after in the injection of 99mTc diethyle-IDA. The results were analysed
      according the morphological criteria (demonstration of the bile duct, intra
      hepatic ducts, gall bladder and renal tract) and functional criteria (T max, half
      time biliary excretion values, development of activity in the bile duct, in the
      gall bladder and in the gut). Demonstration of the bile duct and gall bladder was
      successful in all cases if the examination was carried out after an appropriate
      interval following food. 84.3% of patients showed a gall bladder excretary
      pattern of the tracer and 15.7% a gall bladder storage pattern. Correspondingly,
      bile appeared in the duodenum at 16.5 +/- 6.5 minutes (excretion) or 79.3 +/-
      49.5 minutes (storage). The left hepatic duct was shown in 58.8%, the right
      hepatic duct in only 58.8%. Sixty minutes after the injection no activity could
      be determined in the bile ducts beyond the liver parenchyma. The gall bladder
      could be identified after 26.6 +/- 24.4 minutes, occasionally it was much later,
      up to 110 minutes. The liver function curve showed a Tmax level of 6.8 +/- 2.7
      minutes and half value time of 15.8 +/- 6.7 minutes. At 5 minutes after injection
      the renal pelvis could be identified in 19.6%, but in no case was this still
      present beyond 15 minutes. Duodeno-gastric reflux was not demonstrated.

PMID- 156681
TI  - [Clinical result of thyroid scintigraphy and iodine estimations using a
      fluorescent technique (author's transl)].
AB  - The new technique of quantitative fluorescent scintigraphy was used for
      determining the regional distribution and concentration of stable intrathyroid
      iodine (127 I) in 96 patients. Average iodine concentration in normal people (20
      individuals) without thyroid enlargement living in the Bavarian iodine-deficiency
      area was 0.38 +/- 0.07 mg/g. In 32 patients with simple goitres it was
      significantly lower at 0.17 +/- 0.06 mg/g. With this technique it was possible to
      separate two types of hyperthyroidism amongst 21 patients: those with low iodine
      concentration in the thyroid (0.15 +/- 0.08 mg/g) and those with high iodine
      concentration (0.42 +/- 0.12 mg/g) after iodine administration. The iodine
      concentration in decompensated autonomous adenomas in twelve patients was usually
      low (0.12 +/- 0.12 mg/g). On the other hand iodine concentration was high in the
      paranodular tissues and could be demonstrated on the fluorescent scintigram. The
      quality of the scintigram using this technique for concentrations below 0.1 mg/g
      is inadequate. In this situation good imates can be obtained by radionucleid
      scintgrams. The situation is reversed by previous administration of iodine.

PMID- 156682
TI  - [The radiographic appearances of the post-thrombotic syndrome and phlebographic
      control of the effect of treatment (author's transl)].
AB  - The phlebographic appearances of the post-thrombotic syndrome can be divided into
      four stages which are of importance with regard to diagnosis, treatment and
      prognosis. This division depends on the severity of the damage to the deep venous
      system. In addition it is necessary to define the superficial collateral
      circulation and to determine whether this is sufficient or not. Both before and
      after surgical treatment of the deep and superficial veins, it is necessary to
      define the situation by phlebography. The importance of serial phlebographic
      examinations during treatment, particularly with anticoagulants, is demonstrated
      by a series of cases.

PMID- 156683
TI  - [The significance of mastalgia in breast diagnosis (a pilot study on 706 women)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Of 700 women on whom mammograms were carried out for various indications, more
      than half complained of mastalgia. A quarter of the women had suffered frequently
      from diffuse breast pain, and one third complained of mastaglia. A quarter of the
      women had suffered frequently from diffuse breast pain, and one third had had
      pain for years. One third complained of local breast pain. Changes in the
      mammogram amongst women with diffuse breast pain were no more common than in
      women without symptoms. There was no correlation between the frequency of pain
      and the extent of a "mastopathy". There were no changes which could be related to
      the pain. Similarly there was no difference in the frequency of biopsies or women
      kept under observation between those with breast pain and those without. This was
      also true for those with local breast pain, and also for those with clinically
      occult conditions. Breast size was of no significance for the occurrence of pain.
      Neither local nor diffuse breast pain is of any specific significance in breast
      diagnosis.

PMID- 156684
TI  - [New angiographic knowledge regarding the female breast (author's transl)].
AB  - In 67 patinets with abnormal mammograms, breast angiography was performed using a
      "lo-dose vaccum packed film screen system". The authors discuss the vascular
      finding within and outside the tumour.

PMID- 156685
TI  - [The accuracy of angiography in the evaluation of benign renal tumours (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors review the literature regarding the angiography of three benign renal
      tumours: adenoma, angiomyolipoma and angioma. Renal adenomas area rare.
      Oncocytomas can be classified with papillary adenomas; they are fairly
      characteristic and can be diagnosed pre-operatively. The tubular, and
      particularly alveolar form cannot be distinguished angiographically from a
      carcinoma. Angiomyolipomas (hamartomas) occur in tuberous sclerosis or may be
      found alone. Angiography can first of all be an aid to topographic
      classification. Its isolated occurrence may cause difficulties in differentiation
      from a carcinoma. Certain angiographic signs may enable pre-operative diagnosis:
      the demonstration of aneurysmal arterial changes, linear course of tumour veins
      and the frequency of a peri-renal haematoma. Angiolipoma is the renal tumour
      which is most frequently complicated by pre-renal bleeding. Capillary, plexiform
      or cavernous angiomas are rare. If the first two are large enough (2 cm), their
      homogenous hypervascularisation may permit preoperative diagnosis. The diagnosis
      of cavernous angiomas is more difficult.

PMID- 156686
TI  - Hepatic portal vein thrombosis diagnosed by transhepatic portography.

PMID- 156687
TI  - [Echographic diagnosis of a cavernous hemangioma of the liver].

PMID- 156688
TI  - [Veins of the right lung discharging in the inferior vena cava (scimitar
      syndrome)].

PMID- 156689
TI  - [The shoulder-girdle syndrome in children].

PMID- 156690
TI  - [Diagnosis of hydranencephaly].

PMID- 156691
TI  - [Surgical dermabrasion--indication, technic and results].

PMID- 156692
TI  - Down's syndrome in Western Australia: cytogenetics and incidence.
AB  - 235 cases of Down's syndrome were ascertained in a 10-year study of Down's
      syndrome in Western Australia. Although cytogenetic studies performed on 222
      subjects confirmed that 95% of cases were trisomic due to nondisjunction, 4% were
      trisomic due to translocation, and 1% were mosaic, the ratio of
      inherited/sporadic translocations differed from that usually reported. Comparison
      of the results with those of an earlier Australian survey of Down's syndrome
      demonstrated a real fall in the incidence of Down's syndrome in Australia but no
      significant change in maternal age-specific incidences.

PMID- 156693
TI  - Phosphofructokinase (PFK) isozymes in man. I. Studies of adult human tissues.
AB  - Isozymic heterogeneity of human phosphofructokinase was investigated by means of
      ATP inhibition, immunoneutralization by antihuman muscle-type and antiliver-type
      phosphofructokinase antisera, solubility in (NH4)2SO4 solutions, and starch gel
      and polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The enzymes studied by these methods
      were purified from various normal and malignant human adult tissues by
      chromatography on blue Dextran Sepharose 4 B columns. From the results of these
      studied we suggest that three basic phosphofructokinase isozymes could exist:
      muscle-type, fibroblast-type, and liver-type isozymes. Muscle-type isozyme is the
      single form found in adult muscle, and is involved in the enzymes from heart,
      brain, red cell, and testis. Fibroblast-type isozyme is found mainly in the
      placenta, fibroblasts kidney, and some malignant tissues. Liver-type
      phosphofructokinase seems to be very definitely the predominant form in mature
      polymorphonuclear cells, platelets, and liver. Testis and red cell
      phosphofructokinase enzymes definitely include msucle-type aand liver-type
      subunits, associated in various hybrid forms.

PMID- 156694
TI  - Keratoderma hereditaria mutilans of Vohwinkel (case reports).

PMID- 156695
TI  - Enterochelin (enterobactin): virulence factor for Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The ability of Salmonella typhimurium to synthesize enterochelin (enterobactin;
      ENT) affects its capacity to grow both in vivo and in vitro. An ENT mutant (96
      1), blocked in the conversion of chorismate to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, was derived
      from SR-11, a strain of high mouse virulence. This mutant was unchanged in the
      other characteristics tested: colonial, biochemical, antigenic, and cellular. In
      contrast to SR-11, growth of this mutant in complement-inactivated human serum
      was strongly inhibited. However, addition of 5 muM ENT to the cultures relieved
      their inhibition. Viable counts of bacteria injected into the mouse peritoneal
      cavity showed that without ENT, growth of 96-1 was inhibited markedly; with ENT,
      the apparent growth rate of 96-1 exceeded that of SR-11. The 50% lethal dose
      (LD50) of 96-1 was 2 to 3 log units higher than that of SR-11. When ENT was
      injected, the ENT- mutant exhibited an ENT-dose-related decrease in its LD50. A
      single injection of 300 micrograms of ENT per mouse with the inoculum reduced the
      LD50 of 96-1 to that of the wild-type strain. These findings support the
      contention that ENT is a virulence factor for S. typhimurium.

PMID- 156696
TI  - Surface mucopolysaccharides of Treponema pallidum.
AB  - The viscous mucoid fluid that accumulates within syphilitic lesions may be due to
      breakdown of host tissue during infection, or may be synthesized by Treponema
      pallidum. Experiments were performed to investigate the acidic
      mucopolysaccharides that occur at the surface of T. pallidum (Nichols strain).
      These mucopolysaccharides were demonstrated by reaction with acidified bovine
      serum albumin and by agglutination with wheat germ agglutinin and soybean
      agglutinin. The polycations ruthenium red and toluidine blue influenced
      treponemal survival. Concentrations of both compounds at 200 mug/ml inhibited
      survival, whereas concentrations at 0.1mug/ml enhanced survival. The
      mucopolysaccharide concentration within the mucoid fluid that accumulates during
      intratesticular infection was determined by reaction with acidified bovine serum
      albumin; it ranged from 10,000 mug/ml to less than 8 mug/ml. The addition of this
      mucoid fluid to treponemal suspensions resulted in differing effects on T.
      pallidum survival. Some preparations were inhibitory, and others were
      stimulatory. Commercial preparations of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate
      at 400, 200, 100, and 50 mug/ml were detrimental to treponemal survival. The
      organisms exhibited pronounced clumping in the presence of the higher
      concentrations of hyaluronic acid. These clumps of treponemes were comprised of
      mucopolysaccharides as shown by acidified bovine serum albumin and toluidine blue
      reactions and by hyaluronidase degradation. Results are discussed in terms of the
      derivation and potential role of acidic mucopolysaccharides at the surface of T.
      pallidum.

PMID- 156697
TI  - Relationship of Treponema pallidum to acidic mucopolysaccharides.
AB  - Attempts were made to relate Treponema pallidum to the acidic mucopolysaccharides
      that occur in vivo within host ground substance and in vitro on the surface of
      cultured testicular cells. Infected testicular tissue was fixed and processed for
      transmission electron microscopy in the presence of ruthenium red. The use of
      this inorganic dye demonstrated the large quantity of mucopolysaccharide within
      testicular tissue and the intimate association of treponemes with this material.
      Wheat germ agglutinin and soybean agglutinin agglutinated freshly harvested
      trypsinized testicular cells and trypsinized cultured cells derived from normal
      rabbit testes (NRT). When stained with toluidine blue, both cell preparations
      were metachromatic. Prior treatment of cultured NRT cells with hyaluronidase
      slightly decreased their sensitivity to agglutination by wheat germ agglutinin
      and soybean agglutinin. Lectin agglutination, metachromasia, and hyaluronidase
      susceptibility indicated that freshly harvested testicular cells and NRT cells
      have surface-associated acidic mucopolysaccharides that are probably hyaluronic
      acid and chondroitin sulfate. A rabbit erythrocyte "sandwich" technique was
      devised to show that hyaluronidase removed wheat germ agglutinin receptors from
      the cultured NRT cells. Prior incubation of NRT cells with hyaluronidase,
      followed by the addition of T. pallidum, resulted in a reduction in numbers of
      treponemes attached to the NRT cells. The attachment of T. pallidum appears to be
      mediated through the acidic mucopolysaccharides on the surface of NRT cells. The
      findings are discussed in terms of the importance of host ground substance
      mucopolysaccharide to the syphilitic infective process.

PMID- 156698
TI  - Mucopolysaccharidase of Treponema pallidum.
AB  - Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) exhibited mucopolysaccharidase activity.
      Acidic mucopolysaccharides were broken down more rapidly by viable treponemes
      than by heat-inactivated treponemes or membrane filtrates of treponemal
      suspensions. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion demonstrated the occurrence of
      antibodies to the hyaluronidase-like enzyme within syphilitic sera. After
      intratesticular inoculation of 2 x 10(7) to 6 x 10(7) treponemes, these anti
      mucopolysaccharidase antibodies were detected between 9 and 35 days
      postinoculation. In addition, acidic mucopolysaccharides were present in the
      serum of infected animals 9 and 16 days postinoculation. Immune serum that
      contained antibodies to the mucopolysaccharidase restricted treponemal breakdown
      of acidic mucopolysaccharides. It has been previously demonstrated that immune
      rabbit serum contains a factor that blocks attachment of T. pallidum (Nichols
      strain) to cultured mammalian cells. This factor was effectively absorbed by
      prior incubation with bovine hyaluronidase. It is postulated that T. pallidum
      attaches to acidic mucopolysaccharides on the surface of cultured cells through
      the mucopolysaccharidase enzyme at the surface of the organisms. These findings
      are discussed in terms of the histopathogenesis of T. pallidum with applications
      to the healing immune response.

PMID- 156699
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and methotrexate on
      cutaneous delayed and arthus hypersensitivity in the rat.
AB  - The effect of 4 immunosuppressive agents--hydrocortisone (HC), cyclophosphamide
      (CY), azathioprine (AZ) and methotrexate (MTX)--, on cutaneous delayed-type
      hypersensitivity (DTH) and Arthus reactions to the intradermal injection of
      ovalbumin (OA) in rats sensitized to OA in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was
      studied. Multiple doses (daily for 4 days) were given either early, beginning on
      the day of sensitization, or late, beginning 9 days after sensitization. Single
      doses were given on the day of challenge with OA. All late multiple doses of
      drugs except HC depressed the DTH at 24 h in the following order of decreasing
      magnitude: MTX, CY, AZ. The DTH at 24 h was depressed by early multiple doses of
      MTX at all doses, by CY at all but the lowest dose, and by AZ at the intermediate
      dose; HC had no effect. When the drugs were given as single late doses, only CY
      at the lowest dose and MTX at the higher doses effectively depressed the DTH at
      24 h. Increased Arthus reactions occurred after early and late multiple doses of
      HC and after a late single dose of CY at the highest dose. After late multiple
      doses the Arthus reaction was unaffected by either CY or MTX but was depressed by
      all doses of AZ. HC administered as 3 injections around the time of challenge
      markedly depressed the delayed and Arthus reactions. These results show that each
      of the 4 immunosuppressive drugs could depress DTH and Arthus reaction to OA, but
      the degree of depression varied with the time of drug administration relative to
      sensitization and challenge, and the dose of drug used. Histologic examination of
      skin test sites showed that an apparently negative reaction did not necessarily
      imply total absence of a cellular inflammatory response.

PMID- 156700
TI  - Experimental chronic serum sickness in rats. A model of immune complex
      glomerulonephritis and systemic immune complex deposition.
AB  - This article describes a method of immunization that produces chronic serum
      sickness in rats within a relatively short time. Fisher rats, which were
      immunized subcutaneously three times with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in adjuvant,
      responded with high titers of antibodies to BSA. 2 weeks after the third
      subcutaneous immunization, daily increasing amounts of BSA were injected either
      intraperitoneally or intravenously. When an intravenous dose of 2mg of BSA was
      reached, the rats were given daily intravenous injections of BSA for several
      weeks. This procedure, which avoided death from anaphylaxis, induced severe
      proliferative glomerulonephritis in all the rats and produced deposition of
      antigen-antibody complexes in many other organs besides the kidney. This highly
      reproducible model of experimental chronic serum sickness in inbred animals may
      have applications for the study of the mechanisms of immune complex disease.

PMID- 156701
TI  - Cardiac function in the chronic dialysis patient.

PMID- 156702
TI  - Fixed drug eruption vs. DLE [proceedings].

PMID- 156703
TI  - The immotile-cilia syndrome and other ciliary diseases.

PMID- 156705
TI  - Classification and mechanism of migraine.

PMID- 156704
TI  - Localization of releasing hormones in the human brain.

PMID- 156706
TI  - [Development of acne following pregnancy (postgestational acne)].
AB  - A woman is reported, in whom acne appeared after pregnancy. There are similar
      conditions in postcontraceptive acne and in acne after pregnancy. For acne after
      pregnancy the term "postgestative acne" is proposed.

PMID- 156707
TI  - Integrating occupational health and safety into the health education classroom.
AB  - Given the startling number of job-related illnesses and injuries which occur
      every year, occupational health and safety, a hitherto neglected topic, deserves
      significant attention in the school health education curriculum. Youngsters need
      to be exposed to this field before they become indifferent or callous toward
      diseases and accidents in the workplace and while the opportunity still exists to
      weight health and safety considerations in selecting a career. In addition, when
      students take up regular employment, they cannot rely on industry, government, or
      organized labor to protect them fully from occupational illnesses and accidents;
      they must possess the skills and attitudes necessary to safeguard themselves.
      Occupational health and safety education in the schools can focus on general
      awareness, skill development, and job-specific information. The field can be
      easily and appropriately integrated with a number of current health education
      topics. Examples of integration are provided for eleven typical areas of a school
      health education curriculum.

PMID- 156708
TI  - Tyrosinemia without liver or renal damage with plantar and palmar keratosis and
      keratitis (hypertyrosinemia type II).
AB  - A boy of 3 2/12 years of age with Richner-Hanhart syndrome (plantar and palmar
      keratosis and chronic keratitis) was found to have hypertyrosinemia and to
      excrete the hydroxyacids derived from tyrosine. A diet poor in phenylalanine and
      tyrosine cured the skin and corneal lesions. Clinical and biochemical
      observations are reported.

PMID- 156710
TI  - Activation of monocytes in vitro to produce lymphocyte dysfunctions.

PMID- 156711
TI  - Leg and splanchnic arteriovenous differences of plasma citrate in exercising man.
AB  - Arteriovenous concentration differences of plasma citrate, glucose, lactate,
      pyruvate, free fatty acids, acetoacetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate were determined
      across the leg and the splanchnic vascular bed in six healthy subjects in
      postabsorptive state, during 30 min of exercise (60--70% work load) and 65 min of
      recovery. A release of citrate across the leg and an uptake across the splanchnic
      vascular bed were found. Citrate arterial-femoral venous difference at rest, -19
      +/- 2 mumol/l was abolished after 5 min of exercise and rebuilt during continuous
      work to reach peak value, -30 +/- 3 mumol/l at 20 min recovery. During exercise
      increasing negative arterial-femoral venous citrate differences were inversely
      related to fractional glucose extraction across the leg. Arterial-hepatic venous
      citrate difference at rest, 10 +/- 2 mumol/l, increased twofold during recovery.
      The results agree with the concept that a citrate inhibition of
      phosphofructokinase may be of regulatory importance for muscular glycolysis and
      glucose uptake as well as for hepatic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in man
      during exercise.

PMID- 156709
TI  - Histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of a new muscle fibre type in
      avian striated muscle.
AB  - The serratus metapatagialis (SMP) muscle of the pigeon has been studied
      histochemically and ultrastructurally. At the gross anatomical level the SMP is
      clearly divisible into a peripheral whitish band and a red portion comprised
      predominantly of 'pale' and 'red' fibres respectively. The pale fibres possess
      low succinate dehydrogenase, low mitochondrial content, absence of subsarcolemmal
      mitochondrial aggregates, low fat, moderate glycogen, high phosphorylase, low-to
      moderate regular myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (M-ATPase), activation of
      M-ATPase following acid preincubation and jagged Z bands. On the basis of these
      characteristics, these physiologically slow muscle fibres have been termed 'Type
      I white or slow-twitch glycolytic'. The SMP red fibres, however, possess high
      aerobic as well as glycolytic capacity, high M-ATPase activity which is labile
      after acid preincubation and thick but straight Z bands; therefore, they are the
      'Type II red or fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic'.

PMID- 156712
TI  - Contribution of rib cage and abdomen-diaphragm to tidal volume during CO2
      rebreathing.
AB  - In man, there is wide interindividual range in the tidal volume response to CO2.
      To determine which (rib cage or abdomen-diaphragm) compartment had a greater
      influence on this range, ventilatory response to CO2 was measured, using Read's
      method, in eight men and two women seated in a constant-pressure body
      plethysmograph. Rib cage and abdominal tidal volume was simultaneously measured
      using magnetometers. Correcting for body size, the tidal volume response of the
      abdominal compartment was similar in all subjects, whereas that of the rib cage
      was larger in subjects with high tidal volume response to CO2; a significant
      correlation was found (P less than 0.01). Rib cage volume displacement lagged
      behind abdominal in all subjects; phase lag was greatest in the subject with the
      lowest ventilatory response to CO2. These results suggest that, at high levels of
      ventilation, a larger volume displacement of the rib cage may reflect a more
      effective coupling of the diaphragm pressure generator to it or alternatively a
      reduction in its impedance relative to the abdominal compartment.

PMID- 156713
TI  - Expiratory duration and abdominal muscle responses to elastic and resistive
      loading.

PMID- 156714
TI  - Metabolic character of hypertrophied rat muscle.

PMID- 156715
TI  - Mobilization of sequestered metabolities into degradative reactions by
      nutritional stress in Neurospora.
AB  - The pools of arginine and ornithine rapidly disappear during nitrogen starvation
      of Neurospora crassa. Much of this disappearance can be accounted for by
      degradation catalyzed by preexisting catabolic enzymes. Purine degradation is
      also initiated by nitrogen metabolic stress. Mobilization of these compounds into
      degradative reactions does not appear to be a general response to nutritional
      stress since neither carbon starvation nor inhibition of protein synthesis
      elicits this response. It is suggested that nitrogen starvation may specifically
      alter the distribution of arginine and ornithine between vesicles and cytosol.
      This would be sufficient to initiate and maintain their degradation. These result
      suggest that compartmentation of amino acids provides a metabolic reserve to be
      utilized during periods of specific nutritional stress.

PMID- 156716
TI  - Levels of major proteins of Escherichia coli during growth at different
      temperatures.
AB  - The adaptation of Escherichia coli B/r to temperature was studied by measuring
      the levels of 133 proteins (comprising 70% of the cell's protein mass) during
      balanced growth in rich medium at seven temperatures from 13.5 to 46 degrees C.
      The growth rate of this strain in either rich or minimal medium varies as a
      simple function of temperature with an Arrhenius constant of approximately 13,500
      cal (ca. 56,500 J) per mol from 23 to 37 degrees C, the so-called normal range;
      above and below this range the growth rate decreases sharply. Analysis of the
      detailed results indicates that (i) metabolic coordination within the normal
      (Arrhenius) range is largely achieved by modulation of enzyme activity rather
      than amount; (ii) the restricted growth that occurs outside this range is
      accompanied by marked changes in the levels of most of these proteins; (iii) a
      few proteins are thermometer-like in varying simply with temperature over the
      whole temperature range irrespective of the influence of temperature on cell
      growth; and (iv) the temperature response of half of the proteins can be
      predicted from current information on their metabolic role or from their
      variation in level in different media at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 156717
TI  - Mechanisms controlling the two phosphate uptake systems in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The development of the high-affinity and low-affinity phosphate uptake systems of
      Neurospora crassa has been followed during germination and early growth. The
      ratio between the activities of the two systems became constant by the time
      exponential growth began, although the value of this ratio depended on the
      external phosphate concentration. The regulatory mechanisms controlling the
      systems were investigated by following the changes that resulted when
      exponentially growing germlings adapted to one phosphate concentration were
      shifted to a different concentration. The high-affinity system was derepressed
      under conditions of phosphate starvation, and inhibited irreversibly by feedback
      inhibition under conditions of over-supply. The low-affinity system was also
      derepressed and subject to feedback inhibition under comparable conditions, but,
      in contrast, inhibition of this system was reversible. A detailed description is
      given of the interplay between the systems during adaptation to changes in
      phosphate supply. Changes that occurred in the internal phosphate pool support
      the hypothesis that this metabolite is responsible for controlling the activities
      of the systems, either by triggering derepression of new uptake system synthesis
      or by inhibiting the existing system by feedback.

PMID- 156718
TI  - Specificity of uracil uptake in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The specificity of uracil uptake was investigated in germinating wild-type
      conidia of Neurospora crassa. From comparative inhibition studies, several
      generalizations concerning the specificity of uracil uptake can be made. (i) The
      tautomeric forms of uracil analogs is an important determinant of recognition by
      the uptake system. (ii) Substituents at the 5 position of the pyrimidine ring may
      impose steric constraints on binding. (iii) The presence of a negative charge
      results in the loss of recognition. (iv) The double bond between the 5 and 6
      carbons appears to be important for recognition. (v) Purine bases do not inhibit
      uracil uptake. Crude extracts of the transport-deficient mutant strain uc-5 pyr-1
      were shown to have uridine 5'-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase activity comparable
      to that of the wild-type strain, suggesting that uracil uptake in Neurospora does
      not occur by a group translocation mechanism involving phosphoribosylation.
      Specificity studies of uridine 5'-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase indicated that
      phosphoribosylation was not an important determinant of the specificity of uracil
      uptake.

PMID- 156719
TI  - Glycogen phosphorylase from Neurospora crassa: purification of a high-specific
      activity, non-phosphorylated form.
AB  - A highly active glycogen phosphorylase was purified from Neurospora crassa by
      polyethylene glycol fractionation at pH 6.16 combined with standard techniques
      (chromatography and salt fractionation). The final preparation  had a specific
      activity of 65 +/- 5 U/mg of protein (synthetic direction, pH 6.1, 30 degrees C)
      and was homogeneous by the criteria of gel electrophoresis, amino-terminal
      analysis, gel filtration, and double immunodiffusion in two dimensions. The
      enzyme had a native molecular weight of 180,000 +/- 10,000 (by calibrated gel
      filtration and gel electrophoresis) and a subunit molecular weight of 90,000 +/-
      5,000 (by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Each
      subunit contained one molecule of pyridoxal phosphate. No phosphoserine or
      phosphothreonine was detected by amino acid analysis optimized for phosphoamino
      acid detection. The enzyme isolated from cells grown on high-specific-activity
      32Pi (as sole source of phosphorus) contained one atom of 32P per subunit. All
      the radioactivity was removed by procedures that removed pyridoxal phosphate.
      Thus, the enzyme could not be classified as an a type (phosphorylated, active in
      the absence of a cofactor) or as a b type (non-phosphorylated, inactive in the
      absence of a cofactor). The level of phosphorylase was markedly increased in
      mycelium taken from older cultures in which the carbon source (glucose or
      sucrose) had been depleted. The polyethylene glycol fractionation scheme applied
      at pH 7.5 to mycelial extracts of younger cultures (taken before depletion of the
      sugar) resulted in co-purification of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen
      synthetase.

PMID- 156720
TI  - Pleiotropic effects of ribosomal mutations for cycloheximide resistance in a
      double-resistant homocaryon of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Pleiotropic effects of two ribosomal mutations for cycloheximide resistance were
      studied in a double-resistant homocaryon. The results obtained indicated that the
      combination of the two ribosomal mutations results in: (i) morphological
      abnormalities which suggest a severe distortion in the extension of cell walls
      and membranes; (ii) disturbance in the normal 60S-40S subunit ratio; (iii)
      decreased rate of cell mass production not necessarily associated with inbalance
      in the 60S-40S ratio; and (iv) cold sensitivity which does not interfere with
      mycelial mass production.

PMID- 156721
TI  - Biosynthesis of glycogen in Neurospora crassa. Chemical composition and binding
      to glycogen of UDP-glucose: glycogen 4-alpha-glucosyltransferase.

PMID- 156722
TI  - Troponin C-like protein in chicken gizzard muscle.
AB  - 1. A troponin C-like protein was prepared from frozen chicken gizzard by
      preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its apparent molecular weight
      was estimated to be about 15,500 daltons. 2. In urea gel electrophoresis, the
      mobility of the troponin C-like protein increased slightly in the presence of
      Ca2+, like that of skeletal muscle troponin C. On the other hand, the mobility of
      the the troponin C-like protein in glycerol gel electrophoresis, unlike that of
      skeletal muscle troponin C, was significantly decreased by Ca2+. 3. In alkaline
      gel electrophoresis, the troponin C-like protein formed a Ca2+-dependent complex
      with troponin I or troponin T from skeletal muscle. 4. The troponin C-like
      protein could neutralize the inhibitory effect of skeletal muscle troponin I on
      the Mg2+-activated ATPase of actomyosin from rabbit skeletal muscle, but could
      not confer Ca2+-sensitivity on the actomyosin in the presence of troponin I and
      troponin T from skeletal muscle.

PMID- 156723
TI  - Enhancement of 14S and 30S dynein adenosine triphosphatase activities by
      modification of amino groups with trinitrobenzenesulfonate. A comparison with
      modification of SH groups.

PMID- 156724
TI  - Phosphorylation of uterine smooth muscle myosin permits actin-activation.
AB  - Myosin was purified from ovine uterine smooth muscle. The 20,000 dalton myosin
      light chain was phosphorylated to varying degrees by an endogenous Ca2+ dependent
      kinase. The kinase and endogenous phosphatases were then removed via column
      chromatography. In the absence of actin neither the size of the initial phosphate
      burst nor the steady state Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity were affected by
      phosphorylation. However, phosphorylation was required for actin to increase the
      Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity and for the myosin to superprecipitate with actin.
      Ca2+ did not affect the Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity in the presence or absence
      of action or the rate or extent of superprecipitation with actin once
      phosphorylation was obtained. These data indicate that: 1) phosphorylation of the
      20,000 dalton myosin light chain controls the uterine smooth muscle actomyosin
      interaction, 2) in the absence of actin, phosphorylation does not affect either
      the ATPase of myosin or the size of the initial burst of phosphate and, 3) Ca2+
      is important in controlling the light chain kinase but not the actomyosin
      interaction.

PMID- 156725
TI  - Intracellular protein degradation in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - In exponentially growing cultures of Neurospora crassa, the basal rate of protein
      degradation increases as the constant of the rate of growth decreases, so that in
      slow growing cells (mu = 0.13) the rate of protein degradation is about 25% of
      the rate of protein accumulation. During glucose starvation and shift-down
      transition of growth, the rate of protein degradation is greatly enhanced, and a
      moderate reduction (about 30%) of the ATP level is observed. Treatment of glucose
      starved cells with 2-deoxyglucose reduces the ATP content by 70% and blocks
      protein degradation. The addition of cycloheximide, given at the onset of glucose
      starvation, prevents the enhancement of protein degradation; instead
      cycloheximide is without effect if added when proteolysis has already started. At
      a supraoptimal temperature (42 degrees C) the basal rate of protein degradation
      is not stimulated, contrary to the behavior observed in bacteria. Guanosine
      nucleotides, which appear to have a regulatory role for protein degradation in
      bacteria, are not found in N. crassa.

PMID- 156726
TI  - Cooperative binding of tropomyosin to muscle and Acanthamoeba actin.
AB  - Analyses of the binding of tropomyosin to muscle and Acanthamoeba actin by the
      use of Scatchard plots indicate that the binding exhibits strong positive
      cooperativity in the presence of Mg2+. The cooperative nature of the binding is
      not affected by the presence of 80 mm KCl, but appears to decrease somewhat in
      the presence of heavy meromyosin or subfragment-1. Heavy meromyosin, subfragment
      1, and KCl each increase the binding affinity of actin for tropomyosin; depending
      on the experimental condition and the type of actin involved, the apparent
      binding constant, Kapp, is in the range of 1 to 4 x 10(6) M-1. Muscle actin cross
      linked with glutaraldehyde failed to bind tropomyosin even when heavy meromyosin,
      subfragment-1, or KCl were added as inducers, although the cross-linked actin
      still markedly activated the heavy meromyosin ATPase.

PMID- 156727
TI  - Megacystis (prune-belly syndrome): sonographic demonstration in utero.
AB  - Oligohydramnios and megacystis were demonstrated sonographically at a gestational
      age of 18 weeks. This was confirmed radiographically by direct intrauterine
      injection of contrast medium into the enlarged fetal bladder. The fetus was
      aborted. Autopsy confirmed prune-belly syndrome with megacystis secondary to
      urethral obstruction. This case demonstrates the ability of ultrasound to
      diagnose a significant structural fetal abnormality early enough to allow
      termination of the pregnancy.

PMID- 156728
TI  - The dynein electrophoretic bands in axonemes naturally lacking the inner or the
      outer arm.
AB  - Two unconventional sperm models (all motile) have been studied. The first one has
      only the outer arm on the doublets (the gall midge, Diplolaboncus); the second
      one, has only a well-developed inner arm (the eel, Anguilla). Both are devoid of
      central tubules and radial spokes. The gall midge sperm yields a single
      electrophoretic band migrating similarly to the sea urchin dynein band A; a major
      high-molecular-weight band is obtained from eel sperm which co-migrates with the
      sea urchin dynein band B. The present picture is consistent with the localization
      of dynein in the axoneme--namely, of an A-like band in the outer arm, and of the
      B band in the inner arm. Moreover, the D band is present only in the eel, where
      gamma-links are present. ATPase activity was localized histochemically and found
      to be associated with both inner and outer arms, as well as with the gamma-links.

PMID- 156729
TI  - Chick brain actin and myosin. Isolation and characterization.
AB  - Brain actin extracted from an acetone powder of chick brains was purified by a
      cycle of polymerization-depolymerization followed by molecular sieve
      chromatography. The brain actin had a subunit molecular weight of 42,000 daltons
      as determined by co-electrophoresis with muscle actin. It underwent salt
      dependent g to f transformation to form double helical actin filaments which
      could be "decorated" by muscle myosin subfragment 1. A critical concentration for
      polymerization of 1.3 microM was determined by measuring either the change in
      viscosity or absorbance at 232 nm. Brain actin was also capable of stimulating
      the ATPase activity of muscle myosin. Brain myosin was isolated from whole chick
      brain by a procedure involving high salt extraction, ammonium sulfate
      fractionation and molecular sieve chromatography. The purified myosin was
      composed of a 200,000-dalton heavy chain and three lower molecular weight light
      chains. In 0.6 M KCl the brain myosin had ATPase activity which was inhibited by
      Mg++, stimulated by Ca++, and maximally activated by EDTA. When dialyzed against
      0.1 M KCl, the brain myosin self-assembled into short bipolar filaments. The
      bipolar filaments associated with each other to form long concatamers, and this
      association was enhanced by high concentrations of Mg++ ion. The brain myosin did
      not interact with chicken skeletal muscle myosin to form hybrid filaments.
      Furthermore, antibody recognition studies demonstrated that myosins from chicken
      brain, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle were unique.

PMID- 156730
TI  - Localization of sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins in rat skeletal muscle by
      immunofluorescence.
AB  - Ca++-Mg++-dependent ATPase and calsequestrin, the major intrinsic and extrinsic
      proteins, respectively, of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, were localized in cryostat
      sections of adult rat skeletal muscle by immunofluorescent staining and phase
      contrast microscopy. Relatively high concentrations of both the ATPase and
      calsequestrin were found in fast-twitch myofibers while a very low concentration
      of the ATPase and a moderate concentration of calsequestrin were found in slow
      twitch myofibers. These findings are consistent with previous biochemical studies
      of the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum of slow-twitch and fast-twitch mammalian
      muscles. The distribution of the ATPase in muscle fibers is distinctly different
      from that of calsequestrin. While calsequestrin is present only near the
      interface between the I- and A-band regions of the sarcomere, the ATPase is found
      throughout the I-band region as well as in the center of the A-band region. In
      comparing these results with in situ ultrastructural studies of the distribution
      of sarcoplasmic reticulum in fast-twitch muscle, it appears that the ATPase is
      rather uniformly distributed throughout the sarcoplasmic reticulum while
      calsequestrin is almost exclusively confined to those regions of the membrane
      system which correspond to terminal cisternae. Fluorescent staining with these
      antisera was not observed in vascular smooth muscle cells present in the cryostat
      sections of the mammalian skeletal muscle used in this study.

PMID- 156732
TI  - Parents as therapists of mentally handicapped children.

PMID- 156731
TI  - Effects of divalent cations on dynein cross bridging and ciliary microtubule
      sliding.
AB  - We recently demonstrated that addition of the divalent cation Mg++ to
      demembranated cilia causes the dynein arms to attach uniformly to the B
      subfibers. We have now studied the dose-dependent relationship between Mg++ or
      Ca++ and dynein bridging frequencies and microtubule sliding in cilia isolated
      from Tetrahymena. Both cations promote efficient dynein bridging. Mg++-induced
      bridges become saturated at 3 mM while Ca++-induced bridges become saturated at 2
      mM. Double reciprocal plots of percent bridging vs. the cation concentration
      (0.05-10 mM) suggest that bridging occurs in simple equilibrium with the cation
      concentration. When microtubule sliding (spontaneous disintegration in 40 mM N-2
      hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethane sulfonic acid (HEPES), 0.1 mM ATP at pH 7.4)
      is assayed (A350 nm) relative to the Mg++ or Ca++ concentration, important
      differential effects are observed. 100% Disintegration occurs in 0.5-2 mM Mg++
      and the addition of 10 mM Mg++ does not inhibit the response. The addition of
      0.05-10 mM Ca++ to cilia reactivated with 0.1 mM ATP causes a substantial
      reduction in disintegration at low Ca++ concentrations and complete inhibition at
      concentrations greater than 3 mM. When Ca++ is added to cilia reactivated with 2
      mM Mg++ and 0.1 mM ATP, the percent disintegration decreases progressively with
      the increasing Ca++ concentration. The addition of variable concentrations of
      Co++ to Mg++-activated cilia causes a similar but more effective inhibition of
      the disintegration response. These observations, when coupled with the relatively
      high concentrations of Ca++ or Co++ needed to inhibit disintegration, suggest
      that inhibition results from simple competition for the relevant cation-binding
      sites and thus may not be physiologically significant. The data do not yet reveal
      an interpretable relationship between percent disintegration, percent dynein
      bridging, and percent ATPase activity of both isolated dynein and whole cilia.
      However, they do illustrate that considerable (sliding) disintegration (60%) can
      occur under conditions that reveal only 10-15% attached dynein cross bridges.

PMID- 156733
TI  - Deficient 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid secretion by newborn infants.
AB  - Congenital adrenal hypoplasia is reported in two siblings. The first died at 16
      months of purulent bronchopneumonia after a history of adrenal insufficiency. No
      gross adrenal tissue was found at autopsy and urinary steroids were not excreted
      in detectable amounts before death. In a subsequent uncomplicated pregnancy,
      extremely low estrogens were recorded in the last trimester. Analysis of steroids
      in the urine of the neontate by gas chromatography revealed virtual absence of 3
      beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroids. These suggest hypoplasia of the fetal adrenal
      cortex. Metabolites of cortisol were excreted in normal amounts and responded
      adequately to ACTH stimulation. Neonatal hyponatremia was associated with
      subnormal excretion of corticosterone and aldosterone metabolites. It is proposed
      that in the perinatal period, the fetal zone is required for mineralocorticoid
      synthesis, possibly by providing essential precursor steroids, e.g. 21
      hydroxypregnenolone.

PMID- 156734
TI  - Chick embryo pancreatic transplants reverse experimental diabetes of rats.
AB  - The effectiveness of xenogeneic embryonic tissue in the treatment of experimental
      diabetes has been investigated in rats. The splenic lobes (80) of 15- to 18-d-old
      chick embryos, composed almost exclusively of endocrine tissue, were implanted
      directly into the hepatic parenchyma of the rat recipient. The biochemical and
      metabolic changes in the recipients suggest that embryonic transplants of 15-d
      old chick pancreases were able to significantly improve, for a prolonged period
      of time (18 mo), the diabetic state of nonimmunosuppressed rats. None of the
      recipients of 18-d-old embryos splenic lobes exhibited a long-term improvement of
      the diabetic state after transplantation. The complete destruction of the
      pancreatic B cells of the recipients was assessed by: (a) immunocytochemical
      investigations of the recipient's pancreas, (b) measurement of insulin in the
      liver and pancreas of the recipients and (c) in situ vascular perfusion of their
      pancreas submitted to high glucose challenge. The results suggest that pancreatic
      tissue of the 15-d-old embryos is immunologically immature lacking one or several
      lymphocyte subsets implicated in the afferent lood of "non-self" recognition.

PMID- 156735
TI  - Effects of exerimental right ventricular hypertrophy on myocardial blood flow in
      conscious dogs.
AB  - The effects of right ventricular hypertrophy on the overall and regional
      distribution of myocardial blood flow in the absence of an elevated coronary
      arterial driving pressure were evaluated in 18 concscious dogs subjected to a
      chronic pressure overload of the right ventricle induced by pulmonary artery
      constriction. The sustained pressure overload for duration of 4--6 wk or 4--5 mo
      resulted in significant increases in right ventricular mass (45 and 110%,
      respectively) and right ventricular fiber diameter (22 and 60%, respectively).
      Moreover, the presence of moderate and severe hypertrophy was associated with
      marked increases in transmural blood flow per gram to the right ventricle
      proportional to the observed increases in mass, i.e., of 36 and 109%,
      respectively, from a normal value of 0.67 +/- 0.04 ml/min per g, whereas left
      ventricular blood flow remained unaltered from a normal value of 1.00 +/- 0.06
      ml/min per g. Despite the large increase in blood flow per gram to moderately and
      severely hypertrophied right ventricle, no significant changes in the ratio of
      capillary:muscle fiber number were observe. These data suggest that the
      development of right ventricular hypertroph is characterized by a sustained
      compensatory response of the coronary circulation to the augmented work load and
      mass, and that is not associated with a proliferative response of the vasculature
      supplying the enlarged ventricle.

PMID- 156736
TI  - An acid transporting enzyme in human gastric mucosa.
AB  - Isolation of a microsomal fraction from human gastric mucosa followed by density
      gradient centrifugation yielded a vesicular membrane preparation free of
      mitochondrial markers, containing a K+-activated, ouabain-insensitive ATPase with
      an activity of 20.7 mumol P1 released/mg protein per h. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      gel electrophoresis showed that the human gastric membrane vesicles contained a
      major polypeptide of 110,000 daltons, which accounted for approximately or equal
      to 30% of the total protein stained and was phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP and
      dephosphorylated in the presence of K+. Electron microscopy revealed the presence
      of vesicles with an average size of 0.13 micrometer in diameter. Addition of 0.65
      microM ATP to this vesicular preparation resulted in the uptake of 17 nmol H+/mg
      protein which was dependent on the presence of K+. The gradient was dissipated by
      a combination of valinomycin and protonophore after consumption of the ATP.
      Incubation of fixed human fundic sections or human gastric biopsy with
      monospecific hog gastric membrane antibody followed by fluorescein-conjugated
      goat anti-rabbit gamma-globulin, showed fluorescent staining in the middle
      portion of the gastric glands. These data indicate that human stomach contains a
      H+ transport ATPase with characteristics similar to those established for lower
      species.

PMID- 156737
TI  - Concentrations of insulin and insulin receptors in the brain are independent of
      peripheral insulin levels. Studies of obese and streptozotocin-treated rodents.
AB  - In view of the potent influences of the central nervous system on glucose
      metabolism and on its hormonal regulators, and our recent finding of insulin and
      insulin receptors throughout the central nervous systsem, we have examined
      extreme conditions of hyperinsulinemia (obese mice) and hypoinsulinemia
      (streptozotocin-treated rats) with respect to changes in brain insulin and
      receptor content. Sprague-Dawley rats given streptozotocin (100 mg/kg body wt)
      developed severe diabetes and by 48 h showed no change in brain insulin. Rats
      given 65 mg/kg streptozotocin also had severe diabetes, but survived longer. Both
      at 7 d and at 30 d after streptozotocin treatment there was no significant change
      in brain insulin or in brain content of insulin receptors, despite the fact that
      peripheral hepatic receptors were elevated and pancreatic insulin was markedly
      depleted. The obese mice were studied at 8-10 wk when peripheral plasma insulin
      concentrations were 50-fold elevated and receptors on peripheral target cells
      were reduced to congruent with40-50% of normal; brain insulin concentrations and
      receptor content were indistinguishable from those of thin littermates. Thus,
      brain insulin, which is typically 10 times higher than plasma insulin
      concentrations, and brain receptor content, which is equivalent to receptor
      content on peripheral tissues, appears to be regulated entirely independently of
      hormone and receptor in the periphery. These findings are consistent with the
      hypothesis that insulin in the central nervous system is synthesized by the
      neural elements, and plays a role in the central nervous system which is
      unrelated to peripheral glucose metabolism.

PMID- 156739
TI  - The MMPI as a predictor of response to conservative treatment for low back pain.
AB  - Studies that used the MMPI to predict the response of chronic low back pain
      patients to standard medical treatment have not produced definitive results.
      Patients seen in a university hospital orthopedic back pain clinic were given the
      MMPI before treatment, and 6 to 12 months later 76 patients completed follow-up
      forms that indicated their level of intensity during the previous week and their
      ratings of the success of treatment in relieving their pain as well as in
      enabling them to return to normal activities. Predictions of poor response were
      made in terms of either single MMPI scales or code types. Patients with poor
      outcome on two of the three criteria (level of pain intensity and ability to
      return to normal activities) had significantly higher scores on the Hs scale. The
      predicted high risk code types very accurately identified patients with poor
      response on the same two criteria; however, the code-type procedure overpredicted
      poor response in the good outcome group.

PMID- 156738
TI  - Serotonin and the control of ventilation in awake rats.
AB  - In awake, unrestrained, intact rats, reserpine, para-chlorophenylalanine, 6
      fluorotryptophan, and para-chloroamphetamine depleted whole brain serotonin and
      produced a substantial and sustained hyperventilation as evidenced by a 5--9 torr
      drop in PaCO2. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan to rats treated with para
      chlorophenylalanine partially alleviated the hyperventilation. No change in
      ventilation was observed after alpha-methyltyrosine. 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine
      produced contradictory results. On the basis of these pharmacological studies, we
      propose that some serotonin-mediated nerve transmissions might function under
      physiological conditions to inhibit the central nervous system output which
      controls normal breathing.

PMID- 156740
TI  - Clinical limitations of the Low Back Scale.
AB  - Administered the Low Back (Lb) Scale, a special derivative of the MMPI, to 20
      patients with functional low back pain and 20 patients with verifiable organic
      evidence for their low back complaints. The Social Desirability Scale also was
      administered in order to assess the test-taking attitudes of the patients. The
      two groups of patients were equated in terms of age and sex. The results revealed
      no significant differences between the functional and organic patients in scores
      on the Lb Scale and on the Social Desirability Scale. The findings, which were
      consistent with other recent studies of the Lb Scale, strongly suggested that the
      clinical usefulness of this scale is highly questionable.

PMID- 156741
TI  - A quantitative study of lipofuscin accumulation with age in normals and
      individuals with Down's syndrome, phenylketonuria, progeria and transneuronal
      atrophy.
AB  - The amount of lipofuscin in neurons of two brainstem nuclei, the inferior olivary
      nucleus (ION) and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), was measured in the
      brains of 1 progeric, 2 phenylketonuric, 5 Down's syndrome and 13 normal
      individuals. Aggregations of lipofuscin granules in cresyl violet stained
      sections were examined with epi-fluorescent illumination, drawn with a camera
      lucida, and measured with a planimeter. The proportion of lipofuscin to cell size
      was a linear function of age over the age range examined, 14 to 92 years. There
      was no difference between progeric, phenylketonuric, Down's and normal brains in
      the amount of lipofuscin accumulated with age, nor was there a marked within
      individual correlation between amounts of lipofuscin in the two nuclei when these
      amounts were subtracted from the regression line values to control for age. The
      proportion of lipofuscin to cell size was the same in neurons of the LGN showing
      transneuronal atrophy in response to right eye pathology as it was in non
      atrophic neurons.

PMID- 156742
TI  - Effect of diet quality on adenosine-5'-triphosphate concentration and adenylate
      energy change of rumen microbes from fistulated cows.

PMID- 156743
TI  - Inverted T incision in abdominoplasty and incisional hernias.

PMID- 156744
TI  - Industrial contact dermatitis due to nitro and amino derivatives. 1st report:
      mass-examination of a factory.

PMID- 156745
TI  - Autonomic dysfunction in tetanus: the effects of a variety of therapeutic agents,
      with special refernce to morphine.
AB  - Sympathetic overactivity in tetanus is a common event and may be difficult to
      control. This report demonstrates the efficacy of morphine in this clinical
      situation and also discusses the sympathetic effects of 3 muscle relaxants,
      pancuronium, d-tubocurarine and alcuronium.

PMID- 156746
TI  - Treating the handicapped.

PMID- 156747
TI  - Complications related to the administration of general anesthesia in 600
      developmentally disabled dental patients.
AB  - A total of 600 handicapped patients had dental rehabilitation under general
      anesthesia during an eight-year period. Handicaps included mental retardation,
      cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, seizure disorders, autism, cystic fibrosis,
      osteogenesis imperfecta, and muscular dystrophy. No significant complications
      developed in the majority of patients. This is attributed to thorough
      preoperative evaluation, appropriate anesthetic management, and vigilant
      postoperative observation.

PMID- 156748
TI  - Nutrition intervention in a preschool for handicapped children.

PMID- 156749
TI  - [The myectomy of the small oblique muscle with a thread operation on the rectus
      superior muscle on the eye with ptosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Cuppers and Thomas, in 1975, imagined that in the presence of unilateral ptosis
      with paresis of the rectus superior muscle only, on this side, it was advisible
      to place a thread on the rectus superior adelphi muscle, in order to expect an
      improvement, even a recovery from ptosis, by provoking an elevation impulse of
      the levator muscle and of the rectus superior muscle on the eye with ptosis. The
      first four operations were unsuccessful. On the order hand, during the fifth
      operation, we were led, in addition to placing the thread, to procede on the same
      side, to a myectomy of the small oblique muscle. The result was excellent. Two
      more cases of ptosis operated in the same way have been healed too. We publish
      here the detailed case reports, we have tried to explain them, and to specify
      their indications.

PMID- 156750
TI  - [Retinal detachment and argon laser prophylactic treatment (author's transl)].
AB  - We have studied 6 retinal detachments which hapened after a preventive
      photocoagulation with argon laser in 6 patients who had already had a severe
      retinal detachment on the other eye (2 anatomical success on 5 operated cases).
      This preventive photocoagulation was done on eyes which at the term were free of
      any retinal dehiscence. In this group of 6 we notice 2 giant tears (greater than
      70 degrees) or 33% and 3 large tears (between 20 degrees and 70 degrees) or 33%.
      These high amounts do not correspond to what has been noticed before: - on the
      non photocoagulated fellow eyes (neither giant nor large tear) - on the whole lot
      of operated retinal detachments during the same period of time in our unit (2% of
      giant and 5,7% of large tears). We think that the responsability of laser in the
      development of these large lesions in predisposed eyes must be thought about.
      Studies on a larger scale will be necessary to have a more definite idea on this
      subject.

PMID- 156751
TI  - [Trabeculitis and Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease (author's transl)].
AB  - The trabeculitis is a nodular infiltration of the trabeculae. His visualization
      is made after gonioscopy for hypertony or systematic examination of the angle.
      The alone etiology known is sarcoidosis and the treatment is corticosteroid.

PMID- 156752
TI  - [A new method of lacrymal derivation in the canalicular obstruction (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors believe that in their experience the best method of lacrymal
      derivation in the canalicular obstruction is the Jone's technique. However, the
      post operatoire complications are numerous in this method and therefore they are
      looking for a new procedure of lacorhinostomy: - the type of tube is a silicone
      tube which has the great advantage of not irritating the tissues; - the silicone
      tube is introduced into the lacrymal duct. After having used this technique for
      four years the authors are convinced that this is the best method.

PMID- 156754
TI  - [Adenine-arabinoside in the treatment of idu-resistant herpes simplex keratitis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Fifteen cases of herpes simplex epithelial keratitis, which failed to heal
      following IDU therapy, were treated with Ara-A 3% ointment applied fives times
      daily. Epithelial disease resolved in fourteen cases with Ara-A and mean healing
      time was 6,6 days. No sign of ocular or adnexal toxicity were noted.

PMID- 156753
TI  - [Corneal changes in Scheie disease. (Mucopolysaccharidosis type I S) (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Bilateral keratoplasty performed on a 39-year-old patient with Scheie disease
      gave the opportunity to study the histological, histochemical and ultrastructural
      lesions of both corneas. The patient showed all the characteristics signs of
      Scheie disease with bilateral corneal opacities, thick face, synophrys, mitral
      and aortic valve stenosis, bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, stiff joints, and
      was of normal intelligence. 24 hours urines revealed a marked excretion of
      mucopolysaccharides. Histology showed scarring of the superficial stroma.
      Histochemistry revealed an accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides in the
      keratocytes throughout the stroma. Electron microscopy showed vacuoles or
      pleomorphic inclusions in the keratocytes compabible with abnormal lysosomes
      deficient in alpha-L-iduronidase.

PMID- 156755
TI  - [Biomicroscopy of the fundus in retinal detachment surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - Biomicroscopy of the fundus during retinal detachment surgery has the same
      advantages as indirect ophthalmoscopy. In addition to this, it offers three main
      advantages over indirect ophthalmoscopy: the observation of the fundus, in an
      optical cross section of the tissues, the high variation of magnification
      available, and the observation of the fundus without switching off the light of
      the operating room. Since 1976--biomicroscopy of the fundus during retinal
      detachment surgery has been easily performed with the surgical mobile slit lamp
      manufactured by the firm Zeiss. The angle of the surgical slit lamp can be
      reduced to 5 degrees. The slit lamp can be used either with the Zeiss OPMI 1
      operating microscope or with the Zeiss OPMI 6 operating microscope. The
      microscope, the contact lens and the surgical instrumentation specialy fitted for
      biomicroscopy of the fundus during retinal detachment surgery are described. The
      surgical technique is dealt with, pointing out the practical details which allow
      for overcoming the own difficulties of biomicroscopy of the fundus during
      surgery.

PMID- 156756
TI  - [Cilio-choroid detachment].

PMID- 156761
TI  - Specificity and suppressor function of human T cells responsive to autologous non
      T cells.

PMID- 156762
TI  - Interaction between T cells and non-T cells in suppression of cytotoxic
      lymphocyte responses.
AB  - Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in mixed leukocyte cultures was
      suppressed by a factor elaborated by alloantigen-activated T cells. This
      suppressor factor, CTL-TsF, in contrast to a factor that suppresses proliferative
      responses in mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR-TsF), was effective only when added
      during the first 24 hr of a 6-day-culture period. Moreover, removal of CTL-TsF 24
      hr after culture initiation failed to restore CTL responses. CTL activity could
      be rescued from suppressed cultures, however, by addition of 2-mercaptoethanol on
      days 3 or 4. Similarly, transfer of nonadherent cells at 3 or 4 days from
      cultures treated with CTL-TsF to cultures of adherent cells initiated in control
      factor restored CTL responses. Mixing experiments with cells pulsed with CTL-TsF
      for 4 hr at culture initiation identified a target of CTL-TsF as a Thy-1 negative
      cell that was adherent to plastic and to Sephadex G-10. Suppression was not due
      to interference with physiologic accessory cell function, but more likely was
      accomplished via a negative signal from CTL-TsF-pulsed cells. The results thus
      suggest that CTL-TsF acts early, but reversibly, in the CTL differentiative
      process via a second suppressor effector cell, possibly a macrophage.

PMID- 156763
TI  - The association of immune responsiveness, mixed lymphocyte responses, and Ia
      antigens in natural populations of Norway rats.

PMID- 156764
TI  - Reversal by peritoneal adherent cells of tumor cell suppression of T cell
      mediated immunity.

PMID- 156765
TI  - Suppressor T cells regulate the cytolytic T lymphocyte response to syngeneic
      tumors induced by murine sarcoma virus (MSV) in the mouse.
AB  - Studies were designed to analyze the immune activities of spleen cells from mice
      previously injected with murine sarcoma virus (MSV) and undergoing the processes
      of MSV tumor growth and rejection. Fractionation of MSV-primed spleen cells
      according to cell size by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity showed that MSV
      specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated in vivo underwent an apparent
      transition in size from large to small cells as the tumor regressed. The majority
      of CTL precursors, however, were invariably recovered among small to medium-sized
      MSV-immune cells, as revealed to CTL generation in vitro in secondary mixed
      leukocyte-tumor cell cultures (MLTC). Evidence was obtained for the existence in
      MSV-immune spleens of two suppressor cell populations capable of inhibiting CTL
      generation in vitro: one population probably consisted of macrophages and could
      be removed by treatment with carbonyl iron; the second population was comprised
      of T cells and inhibited the differentiation of tumor-immune CTL precursors in a
      selective manner. These results provide a preliminary overview of the mechanisms
      regulating the generation, differentiation, and activity of tumor-specific CTL in
      a syngeneic model system.

PMID- 156766
TI  - Induction of allograft tolerance after total lymphoid irradiation (TLI):
      development of suppressor cells of the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR).
AB  - We searched for the presence of suppressor cells of the MLR in C57BL/Ka leads to
      BALB/c chimeras. The chimeras were made with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and
      marrow transplantation. Spleen cells from the old chimeras inhibited the MLR of
      BALB/c responder cells against C57BL/Ka stimulator cells. Inhibition was specific
      for the stimulator cells, since no effect on the MLR was observed with C3H or
      BALB.C3H stimulator cells. Maximal inhibition was achieved when the responder
      cells in the MLR shared the H-2 haplotype of the chimeric recipient. Spleen cells
      obtained from chimeras young 30 to 40 days after BM transplantation inhibited the
      MLR nonspecifically, since similar marked inhibition was observed regardless of
      the H-2 haplotype of the responder or stimulator cells. The finding of antigen
      specific and nonspecific suppressor cells is similar to that observed in mice
      rendered tolerant to bovine serum albumin after treatment with TLI.

PMID- 156767
TI  - Serum eosinophil chemotactic factor levels in patients with bullous pemphigoid,
      drug reactions and atopic eczema.
AB  - The sera of 4 patients with bullous pemphigoid, of 5 patients with drug reactions
      and of 13 patients with atopic eczema were examined for the occurrence of low
      molecular weight eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) by fractionation on a
      Sephadex G 25 column. Almost all patients had a peripheral eosinophilia, and many
      had raised total serum IgE levels. ECF was demonstrated in the sera of all 4
      patients with bullous pemphigoid and in 4 of 5 patients with systemic drug
      reactions. In contrast, the sera of the 13 patients with atopic eczema did not
      contain any ECF activity, nor did the 13 control sera. These findings suggest
      that the ECF from phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and/or the
      mast cell derived ECF-A contribute to the elevated serum ECF levels in patients
      with bullous pemphigoid and drug reactions. A correlation between serum ECF and
      IgE levels and peripheral eosinophilia could not be established.

PMID- 156768
TI  - Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 156769
TI  - Nondiscrimination on the basis of handicap.

PMID- 156770
TI  - [Current indications of transmaxillary pharyngectomy in the treatment of
      tonsillar cancers].

PMID- 156771
TI  - [Long-term results of transtympanic drainage].

PMID- 156772
TI  - [Laryngeal neoplasms in women].

PMID- 156773
TI  - [HL-A system and otosclerosis].

PMID- 156774
TI  - [Approaches to a more thorough study of microangiopathy].

PMID- 156775
TI  - [Self-cleaning mastoid cavity].

PMID- 156776
TI  - [Glycerin test in fluctant deafness].

PMID- 156777
TI  - [Laryngeal subglottic localization of rhinoscleroma].

PMID- 156778
TI  - [Plastipore in tympanoplasty].

PMID- 156779
TI  - [Controlled hypotension with trimethaphan in functional nasal and otologic
      surgery. Apropos of 350 cases].

PMID- 156780
TI  - [Facial nerve function exploration in the early facial paralysis a frigore].

PMID- 156781
TI  - Resolution of brain troponin complex.

PMID- 156782
TI  - Niacin and niacinamide accumulation by rabbit brain slices and choroid plexus in
      vitro.

PMID- 156783
TI  - An histochemical study on acid mucopolysaccharides in the enameloid formation
      stages of fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus).

PMID- 156784
TI  - Muscle changes in rats fed magnesium and calcium deficient diets.

PMID- 156785
TI  - A new operation for repair of large ventral hernias following giant omphalocele
      and gastroschisis.
AB  - An operation is described for repair of skin-covered large anterior abdominal
      wall defects, using the patient's own tissues, without synthetic materials, and
      its use in three patients is reported.

PMID- 156786
TI  - The use of peritoneoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of complications of
      ventriculoperitoneal shunts in children.
AB  - Abdominal complications of ventriculoperitoneal shunts used for hydrocephalus
      have been diagnosed and treated by peritoneoscopy in six instances. In four
      children, lost catheters were retrieved, and in two cases malfunction was
      treated. This technique was curative in each instance, thus avoiding total shunt
      replacement and formal laparotomy.

PMID- 156787
TI  - Oral perspectives on bone biology. The Eighth James A. English Symposium.
      Discussion.

PMID- 156788
TI  - Histochemical measurement of myocardial phosphofructotokinase activity
      [proceedings].

PMID- 156789
TI  - The haemodynamic evaluation of induced right ventricular hypertrophy in closed
      and open-chest anaesthetized pigs [proceedings].

PMID- 156790
TI  - The role of the periodontal ligament in overdenture treatment.
AB  - The results of this experiment suggest that the periodontal ligament plays a role
      in the efficiency of muscular activity during chewing in patients wearing
      overdentures. A masticatory index as an indicator of the efficiency of
      masticatory movement is proposed in this research.

PMID- 156791
TI  - Stereotypes concerning normal and handicapped children.
AB  - Individuals' attitudes were assessed toward various groups of children. In study
      1 the respondents were 65 male and female teachers from across the state of
      Kansas. In study 2 the respondents were 89 men and women in attendance at the
      1978 International Conference of the Association for Children with Learning
      Disabilities. In both studies the evaluations of the labels "gifted children,"
      "normal children," and "physically handicapped children" were found to be
      significantly more positive than the evaluations of the labels "mentally retarded
      children," "learning disabled children," and "emotionally disturbed children."
      These results seem to indicate that definite negative stereotypes are held toward
      the latter three groups of children. In study 1 these findings were found to
      occur generally regardless of the respondents' sex, age, educational level
      attained, and amount of previous mainstreaming experience.

PMID- 156792
TI  - Reiter's aortitis with pericardial fluid, heart block and neurologic
      manifestations.
AB  - A man who presented with Reiter's triad and keratoderma blenorrhagicum followed
      by cardiac manifestations is reported. He developed mild aortic insufficiency, A
      V block and pericardial effusion. Painful ophthalmoplegia occurred 5 months later
      with exacerbation of the cardiac complications as corticosteroids were being
      tapered. Retreatment with high dose corticosteroids resulted in a remarkable
      remission of the neurologic complications and stabilization of his cardiac
      manifestations now maintained for 3 years.

PMID- 156793
TI  - L-Chlorozotocin.
AB  - L-Chlorozotocin (2-[[[2-chloroethyl)nitrosoamino]carbonyl]amino]-2-deoxy-L
      glucose) was synthesized in seven steps from L-arabinose for comparison with
      chlorozotocin, which is the D enantiomorph and an antineoplastic agent with
      clinical potential. Purification of the intermediate 2-amino-2-deoxy-L-glucose as
      the Schiff's base formed with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde ensured complete separation
      from the manno epimer. Comparative screening against leukemia L1210 with
      concurrent toxicity controls revealed no significant difference between D- and L
      chlorozotocin in either activity or toxicity.

PMID- 156794
TI  - Inbreeding, lymphoma, genetics and morphology of the Papio hamadryas colony of
      Sukhumi.

PMID- 156795
TI  - Purification and characterization of the 45,000-Dalton fragment from tryptic
      digestion of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - Tryptic digestion of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit
      skeletal muscle has previously been shown to cleave the enzyme initially into a
      55,000-dalton fragment and a 45,000-dalton fragment. In the present study the two
      fragments are solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and separated by
      preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 45,000-dalton fragment is
      found to be a relatively nonselective, divalent cation-dependent ionophore when
      incorporated into an oxidized cholesterol membrane (BLM). Ionophoric activity of
      this fragment is inhibited by low concentrations of LaCl3, HgCl2, and various
      reducing agents. There appears to be one or two relatively inaccessible disulfide
      bonds in the 45,000-dalton fragment that are essential for transport. Addition of
      reducing agents inhibits the ionophoric activity of the succinylated undigested
      enzyme and the 45,000-dalton fragment, but has no effect on the 55,000-dalton
      fragment. These experiments imply that the 45,000-dalton fragment and the 55,000
      dalton fragment are in a series arrangement in the membrane.

PMID- 156796
TI  - Intra-abdominal injuries in nonpenetrating gunshot wounds of the abdominal wall:
      two unusual cases.
AB  - Intra-abdominal injuries of the bowel, mesentery, and mesenteric vessels were
      found at laparotomy in two patients with nonpenetrating gunshot wounds of the
      abdominal wall. The mechanism of wounding is thought to be the temporary cavity
      around the wound tract. The importance of complete angiographic investigation and
      early exploratory laparotomy is stressed.

PMID- 156797
TI  - Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: a systemic connective tissue disease?
AB  - Renal histology of a patient with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis
      demonstrated a proliferative crescentic glomerulonephritis with intramembranous
      electron-dense deposits. These findings were interpreted as being consistent with
      an immune complex glomerulonephritis. Serologic studies revealed a positive
      antismooth muscle antibody titer of 1:80 and a weakly positive antinuclear
      antibody titer of 1:40. No distinct systemic disease was identified. While
      fibrosis of the retroperitoneum can occur in association with a number of
      distinct pathologic conditions and pharmacologic agents, the mechanism
      responsible for the development of the idiopathic variety of retroperitoneal
      fibrosis remains unclear. Our observation of an immune complex glomerulonephritis
      and the cumulative data on idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis are consistent
      with the concept that the fibrosis may be a local expression of an
      immunologically mediated systemic disease.

PMID- 156798
TI  - Office uroflowmetry using a maximum flow rate purge meter.
AB  - The use of a purge size rotameter for the determination of maximum urinary flow
      rates represents an inexpensive and non-invasive method to detect obstructive or
      neurogenic lower urinary tract abnormalities. We have used the device to identify
      successfully selected patients with such abnormalities.

PMID- 156799
TI  - Elaeophora schneideri in a white-tailed deer from Texas.

PMID- 156801
TI  - Echocardiographic approach for the clinical assessment of left ventricular
      function: -- the analysis of end-systolic pressure (wall stress)-diameter
      relation and force-velocity relation of ejecting ventricle.

PMID- 156800
TI  - Anatomical and functional features of hypertrophied left ventricle studied with M
      mode and real-time cross-sectional echocardiographies.

PMID- 156802
TI  - Echocardiography. Evaluation of the tissue character in myocardium.

PMID- 156803
TI  - [Enzyme histochemical studies of intestinal metaplasia in human stomach, with
      special reference to electron histochemistry (author's transl)].

PMID- 156804
TI  - Studies on adjuvants for human prophylactics. II. Influence of the route of
      injection on the activity of adjuvants to tetanus toxoid in guinea pigs.
AB  - The effects of the route of the injection and adjuvants on the immune response of
      guinea pigs were investigated at various stages of immune response to tetanus
      toxoid. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH) was observed as the first immune
      response to the toxoid before initiation of antitoxin production. The DH reaction
      was weak when plain toxoid was administered subcutaneously. Water-in-oil in water
      (w/o/w) enhanced greatly the reactivity of the immunized animals; pertussis
      vaccine, endotoxin and aluminium showed adjuvanticities in this order. The foot
      pad (fp) injection of plain toxoid promoted remarkably the induction of DH. The
      reactivity was enhanced considerably by w/o/w and to a less extent by aluminium.
      However, pertussis vaccine showed an adverse effect on DH by the fp route. Active
      cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA) induced by the subcutaneous route was enhanced by
      w/o/w, endotoxin, pertussis vaccine and, to a less extent, by aluminium. The fp
      route compared with the sc route enhanced ACA by plain toxoid; w/o/w and
      aluminium but not endotoxin and the vaccine showed adjuvanticities. The
      influences of adjuvants and the route of injection on Arthus reactions were
      inconsistent. The effect of adjuvants on antitoxin production was quite different
      from that on DH when antitoxin was produced abundantly. Aluminium showed
      consistently a potent adjuvanticity, but activities of w/o/w, endotoxin and
      pertussis vaccine were inconsistent 4-6 weeks after the primary stimulus by the
      subcutaneous route. The adjuvant effect became less significant in the secondary
      response. The fp route was more favorable for antitoxin production than the
      subcutaneous route with most adjuvants except pertussis vaccine added to tetanus
      toxoid. Antitoxin production by plain toxoid was very poor when administered
      intraperitoneally; aluminium and w/o/w but not endotoxin showed a remarkable
      adjuvanticity for the antitoxin production.

PMID- 156805
TI  - Presence of natural killer cells in specific-pathogen-free chickens.
AB  - Spleen cells of normal specific-pathogen-free N, P, and 15 X 7 chickens were
      cytotoxic in vitro for target cells of Marek's disease lymphoma line MSB-1. The
      natural killer (NK) cell activity, best expressed in chickens over 7 weeks old,
      varied among several genetic lines of chickens tested. The NK cells were
      thermolabile, and incubation of the cells at 37 degrees C for 30--60 minutes
      resulted in substantial loss of cytotoxicity. The specificity of NK effector
      cells was directed against common antigen(s) on tumor cell lines of diverse
      origin but not on normal adult or embryonic cells.

PMID- 156806
TI  - [Effect of chorionic gonadotropin on the urinary excretion of testosterone and
      other androgens in healthy men and those with coronary arteriosclerosis].
AB  - The results of studying the excretion of testosterone and other androgens with
      the urine after a chorionic gonadotropin load in patients with ischemic heart
      disease and in persons who had suffered from acute myocardial infarction are
      discussed. In choriogonin load stimulating the gonads, there is noticeable
      variability in the excretion of testosterone and epitestosterone,
      androstenedione, and 7-keto-dehydroepiandrosterone in the urine. The data
      obtained are evidence of reduced functional reserves of the sex glands in some of
      the patients.

PMID- 156807
TI  - [Electromyography of the anterior abdominal wall in the diagnosis of acute
      appendicitis in children].

PMID- 156808
TI  - [Vitamin PP in treatment of degenerative changes caused by high-grade myopia
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 156809
TI  - [Results of vitamin PP treatment in patients with high-grade myopia in the light
      of electroretinographic investigations (author's transl)].

PMID- 156810
TI  - [Long-standing combined treatment in severe postinflammatory optic nerve atrophy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 156811
TI  - [Radiologic findings in newborns with group B streptococcal septicemia: clinical
      importance of heart size and lung manifestations (author's transl)].
AB  - Chest radiographs of thirteen neonates with group B streptococcal septicemia were
      evaluated for signs of early diagnosis. Six of the neonates had chest radiographs
      as seen in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Seven patients had
      radiologic findings consistent with neonatal pneumonia. The children with RDS
      were in general smaller and born prematurelly, but three neonates with x-rays
      resembling RDS had normal birth weights and thus were mature. Cardiomegaly was
      observed in a high percentage with a prevalence in children with RDS. Heart size
      increased in two of the three children who died, but became normal in patients
      recovering from infection. Three patients had pleural effusions.

PMID- 156813
TI  - Comprehensive urinary screening for inborn errors of complex carbohydrate
      metabolism.
AB  - A rapid and comprehensive urinary screening programme is presented by which most
      of the "heteroglycanoses" can be identified. The diagnoses obtained on a total of
      44 patients with different storage disorders shows the usefulness of the method.

PMID- 156812
TI  - [The regulation of protein synthesis in heart muscle. Biochemical data,
      stimulative and inhibitory factors and their clinical significance (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The regulation of protein synthesis in heart muscle has been investigated by many
      authors under both normal and pathological conditions. This review summarizes the
      evidence for the dependence of normal heart protein synthesis from normal serum
      levels of insulin, amino acids, fatty acids and glucose. A decreased serum
      concentration of these substances causes an inhibition of heart muscle protein
      synthesis by 30--60%. Various drugs and other chemical lead to similar
      impairments of heat muscle protein synthesis. The resulting imbalance between
      synthesis and degradation of myocardial proteins with their half-times of 5--12
      days gradually leads to a decrease in their myocellular concentration with a
      consequent impairment of myocardial function. Finally, the biochemial sequences
      are described which represent the important pathogenetic mechanisms in the
      development of heart muscle hypertrophy and in the adriamycin-induced
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 156815
TI  - [Structure and effectiveness of a nephrological service].

PMID- 156816
TI  - The doctor is IN.

PMID- 156817
TI  - Pulsed Doppler assessment of normal human femoral artery velocity patterns.

PMID- 156814
TI  - [Hodgkin's disease. Results in diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)].
AB  - Optimal treatment in Hodgkin's disease requires the knowledge of the stage the
      disease has reached. Laboratory tests, x-ray and scintigraphy, usually, are not
      sufficient, but biopsies of bone marrow and liver are necessary, in special cases
      supplemented by laparoscopy or explorative laparotomy with splenectomy. As
      treatment of choice, irradiation is favored for disease restricted to lymph
      nodes, and cytostatics for disease complicated by severe symptoms or by organ
      involvement. Diagnosis and therapy should be adapted to the individual patient.
      New therapeutic approaches must be compared with the sometimes excellent results
      obtained by several institutions.

PMID- 156818
TI  - Specific binding of [3H]-16 beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone by rat kidney.

PMID- 156819
TI  - Properties of (Mg2 + Ca2+)-ATPase of erythrocyte membranes prepared by different
      procedures: influence of Mg2+, Ca2+, ATP, and protein activator.
AB  - Erythrocyte membranes prepared by three different procedures showed (Mg2+ + Ca2+)
      ATPase activities differing in specific activity and in affinity for Ca2+. The
      (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase activity of the three preparations was stimulated to
      different extents by a Ca2+-dependent protein activator isolated from
      hemolysates. The Ca2+ affinity of the two most active preparations was decreased
      as the ATP concentration in the assay medium was increased. Lowering the ATP
      concentration from 2 mM to 2-200 microM or lowering the Mg:ATP ratio to less than
      one shifted the (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase activity in stepwise hemolysis membranes
      from mixed "high" and "low" affinity to a single high Ca2+ affinity. Membranes
      from which soluble proteins were extracted by EDTA (0.1 mM) in low ionic
      strength, or membranes prepared by the EDTA (1-10 mM) procedure, did not undergo
      the shift in the Ca2+ affinity with changes in ATP and MgCl2 concentrations. The
      EDTA-wash membranes were only weakly activated by the protein activator. It is
      suggested that the differences in properties of the (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase prepared
      by these three procedures reflect differences determined in part by the degree of
      association of the membrane with a soluble protein activator and changes in the
      state of the enzyme to a less activatable form.

PMID- 156820
TI  - Gastrointestinal carcinoids: extrahepatic metastases and symptomatology following
      resection.
AB  - Of 49 patients with midgut and hindgut carcinoids, second primary distinct
      carcinomas occurred in 12. The most aggressive carcinoids were the 24 that arose
      in the distal small bowel and cecum. Of the patients affected, 15 had lymph node
      metastases and eight had liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. That only
      five patients were completely relieved of symptoms following resection was
      partially explained by autopsy findings in 15 patients, six of whom had
      metastatic extra-abdominal carcinoid without liver metastases (most commonly,
      bone metastases).

PMID- 156821
TI  - Long-term results after surgical correction of Ebstein's anomaly: report of two
      cases.
AB  - Two patients with Ebstein's anomaly had valve replacement with Starr-Edwards
      cloth-covered valves 11 and 8 years ago. They have been asymptomatic and very
      active despite the absence of anticoagulation. These cases provide some of the
      long-term results needed for proper evaluation of the different methods of
      operative treatment of Ebstein's anomaly.

PMID- 156822
TI  - [Significance and practice of dental check-up for the 18-month-old infants (1)].

PMID- 156823
TI  - Center for Community Dental Health. A United Way Agency. Portland, Maine.

PMID- 156824
TI  - Ageing of Neurospora crassa. IX. Microviscosity properties of mitochondrial
      membranes during normal and abnormal growth and development of an inositol
      auxotroph.
AB  - Microviscosity of mitochondrial membranes of an inositol auxotroph of Neurospora
      was measured by the method of Shinitzky, employing the fluorescent probe diphenyl
      hexatriene. With high concentration of inositol, growth, morphogenesis, and
      cellular and biochemical phenotypes of the auxotroph are normal; whereas with low
      concentrations, these characteristics become abnormal and cellular and clonal
      senescence ensue. During normal growth and development, the critical temperatures
      of phase transition, the energies and volumes of fusion (delta E, V), and the
      microviscosities (n) at low and high temperatures changed in a cyclical
      "gaussian" manner; whereas the microviscosity at 25 degrees C remained constant.
      The normal developmental changes of the microviscosity properties were consistent
      with Brody's molecular packaging hypothesis, whereby the biochemical properties
      of conidia are pre-determined in conidiogenic hyphae. The microviscosity
      properties and their developmental change were closely correlated with other
      biochemical and biological properties such as the critical extremities of growth
      temperature, activity of membrane-bound cytochrome oxidase, and the stages of
      cellular differentiation. The thermodynamic properties of the membrane
      microviscosity support the genetic hypothesis that conidia and conidiogenic
      hyphae are more highly differentiated than growing hyphae. During abnormal growth
      and development, delta E and V of the liquid-crystalline phase underwent a
      precocious, but otherwise normal change at an early age; whereas subsequent
      cellular and mitochondrial senescence was accompanied by an abnormal increase of
      microviscosity and abnormally small delta E and V. With the results of other
      experiments and by analogy to proposed structural determinants of microviscosity
      properties of other biological membranes, a tentative interpretation of the
      molecular basis of the microviscosity properties and their normal and abnormal
      changes is derived. The effects of phospholipase treatment indicated that
      electrostatic interaction of phospholipid polar groups with membrane proteins may
      restrict mobility, increasing microviscosity and decreasing energies of fusion.
      Abnormal development or ageing of the membranes, leading to abnormally large n
      and small delta E, is probably a consequence of excessive lipid peroxidation and
      related abnormal changes of their structure.

PMID- 156825
TI  - Ageing of Neurospora crassa. VIII. Lethality and mutagenicity of ferrous ions,
      ascorbic acid, and malondialdehyde.
AB  - Ferrous ions were highly lethal and mutagenic to germinated conidia of Neurospora
      crassa. At comparable survival, treatment with 0.2 mM ferrous ions was 14- and 50
      fold more mutagenic than ultra-violet irradiation or X-rays, respectively, in the
      reversion of an inositol auxotroph. Ascorbic acid alone (2 mM) was not
      reproducibly lethal and inhibited both the lethality and mutagenicity of ferrous
      ions. Bovine superoxide dismutase (SOD) completely inhibited the residual
      lethality of ferrous ascorbate. Protection by ascorbic acid and SOD indicates
      that superoxide radicals, generated by oxidation of Fe(II), are directly or
      indirectly mutagenic and lethal. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was lethal and appeared to
      be mutagenic; however, its action is probably different from that of superoxide.
      Therefore, superoxide-mediated production of endogenous MDA by way of
      peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is probably not an alternate
      mutagenic pathway, at least in the reversion of the allele of the inl locus
      examined. These results and the demonstration of superoxide-mediated decrease in
      the synthetic fidelity of DNA polymerase in vitro (Rana and Munkres, in
      preparation) warrant additional exploration of the hypothesis that endogenous
      cellular free radicals, generated by pre- and post-senescent metabolism, may
      enter into lethal and mutagenic reactions.

PMID- 156826
TI  - The relevance of growth control (chalones) to the aging process.
AB  - A large amount of data suggests that a wide variety of cells and tissues contain
      cell-specific endogenous inhibitors of mitosis which are non species-specific.
      Increasingly, it appears that these chalone inhibitors are actually relatively
      small polypeptides capable of complexing with large molecular weight anionic
      molecules. The purification and chamical characterization of these inhibitors has
      been rendered extraordinarily difficult and the results have been very slow in
      forthcoming because of this ability to form complexes with anionic
      polyelectrolytes. Our recent understanding of this behavior should markedly
      accelerate our understanding and knowledge of chalone biochemistry in the future.
      If, in fact, chalones are ubiquitously important to the control of cell
      proliferation, then they will be important to our understanding of the
      development of post-mitotic cells and to our concepts of programmed senescence;
      both in turn might be important to our knowledge of the aging process.

PMID- 156827
TI  - Chalones: concepts and results.
AB  - Control of cell proliferation is executed, in part, by means of negative
      feedback, utilizing cell-line specific messenger substances called chalones.
      Although knowledge of chalone chemistry is still in its infancy, the reality of
      the concept can no longer be reasonably questioned. In particular, it has
      recently been shown that chalones are even capable of causing tumour regression
      both in animals and in man. In addition to overviewing the chalone concept, we
      show here that the chalone-induced tumour regression is readily explained in
      simple and plausible terms.

PMID- 156828
TI  - [On the 60th birthday of Prof. A. G. Sergazin].

PMID- 156829
TI  - Serious complications of laparoscopy.

PMID- 156830
TI  - The Keilin-Hartree heart muscle preparation.

PMID- 156831
TI  - Preparation of Neurospora crassa mitochondria.

PMID- 156832
TI  - Properties of energy-transducing systems in different types of membrane
      preparations from Mycobacterium phlei--preparation, resolution, and
      reconstitution.

PMID- 156834
TI  - Preparation of beef heart mitochondrial ATPase.

PMID- 156833
TI  - ATPases associated with electron transport.

PMID- 156835
TI  - Preparation and properties of complex V.

PMID- 156836
TI  - Preparation of reconstitutively active rutamycin-sensitive ATPase from bovine
      heart mitochondria.

PMID- 156837
TI  - An improved method for the isolation of mitochondrial ATPase (F1) from beef
      heart.

PMID- 156838
TI  - Purification of F1 ATPase from rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 156839
TI  - Isolation of an oligomycin-sensitive ATPase complex from rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 156840
TI  - Crystallization of F1 ATPase from rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 156842
TI  - Mitochondrial ATPase complex from Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 156841
TI  - Preparation of the soluble ATPase from mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria
      by the chloroform technique.

PMID- 156843
TI  - Oligomycin-sensitive ATPase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 156844
TI  - DCCD-sensitive ATPase (TF0 . F1) from a thermophilic bacterium: purification,
      dissociation into functional subunits, and reconstitution into vesicles capable
      of energy transformation.

PMID- 156845
TI  - Crystallization of ATPase (TF1) from a thermophilic bacterium.

PMID- 156846
TI  - Preparation of nucleotide-depleted F1 and binding of adenine nucleotides and
      analogs to the depleted enzyme.

PMID- 156847
TI  - Coupling factors--an overview.

PMID- 156848
TI  - Oligomycin-sensitivity-conferring protein.

PMID- 156849
TI  - Mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor: properties and applications.

PMID- 156850
TI  - Purification of an ATPase inhibitor peptide fraction from rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 156851
TI  - ATPase inhibitor from Candida utilis mitochondria.

PMID- 156852
TI  - Isolation of carbodiimide-binding proteins from mitochondria and Escherichia
      coli.

PMID- 156853
TI  - Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 156854
TI  - Inhibitors of the ATP synthethase system.

PMID- 156855
TI  - Whole cells for the study of transport linked to membrane potential: Neurospora
      crassa.

PMID- 156856
TI  - Reconstitution of energy conservation.

PMID- 156857
TI  - Resolution and reconstitution of ATP synthesis and ATP-dependent functions of
      liver mitochondria.

PMID- 156858
TI  - Soluble ATPase (F1) from a thermophilic bacterium: purification, dissociation
      into subunits, and reconstitution from individual subunits.

PMID- 156859
TI  - Reconstitution of an energy-linked reaction (reduced pyridine nucleotide
      transhydrogenation) in fractionated Escherichia coli membranes with purified
      ATPase.

PMID- 156860
TI  - Isolation of mitochondria from Morris hepatomas.

PMID- 156861
TI  - Dissociation and reconstitution of a functional ATPase from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 156862
TI  - Genetic modification of mitochondrial membranes including ADP--ATP carrier and
      delta-aminolevulinic acid-requiring mutants.

PMID- 156863
TI  - Isolation of carbodiimide-resistant ATPase mutants from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 156864
TI  - Isolation of aurovertin-resistant mutants from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 156865
TI  - Preparation of everted membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli for the
      measurement of calcium transport.

PMID- 156866
TI  - Isolation of enterochelin from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 156867
TI  - A centrifuged-column procedure for the measurement of ligand binding by beef
      heart F1.

PMID- 156868
TI  - Chemical modification of mitochondria: cross-linking agents.

PMID- 156869
TI  - Mitochondrial ribosomes of Neurospora crassa: isolation, analysis, and use.

PMID- 156870
TI  - A specific increase in chloroplast gene mutations following growth of
      Chlamydomonas in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.

PMID- 156871
TI  - Treatment of gonorrhea.

PMID- 156872
TI  - Role of peritoneoscopy in the postoperative evaluation and treatment of
      adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas.
AB  - Our experience with peritoneoscopy in the postoperative staging and evaluation of
      ten patients with locally unresectable adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas is
      presented. In contrast to the German experience with previously unexplored
      patients, the pancreas was visualized only 30% of the time and biopsy was not
      possible for technical reasons. Based on our experience in these ten patients,
      postoperative peritoneoscopy for staging or for following the effectiveness of
      treatment is of limited value in carcinoma of the pancreas. Preoperative
      evaluation of this technique deserves greater attention.

PMID- 156873
TI  - [Serological study of the Leishmania strains isolated from a sick child and dog
      in a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in the Georgian SSR].

PMID- 156874
TI  - [Natural foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the lower reaches of the Emba River].

PMID- 156875
TI  - [Frequency of reinvasions in taeniarhynchiasis].

PMID- 156876
TI  - [Use of a dried blood eluate in the indirect hemagglutination reaction in the
      mass examination of the population for echinococcosis].

PMID- 156877
TI  - [Rate of DNA synthesis and the size of replication units in cell culture of
      Drosophila melanogaster].
AB  - The rate of DNA replication and the size of replication units was examined by
      means of pulse-labeling with 3H-thymidine and DNA autoradiography in the
      chromsomes of Drosophila melanogaster  synchronized cells culture in vitro. The
      center-to-center distance between adjacent labeled section of DNA fibers was
      taken for a size of replication unit, i.e. replicon. DNA synthesis was revealed
      to start simultaneously in most replicons. The rate of elongation of labeled
      sections of DNA fibers is about 25 mu per hour (75 kb per hour). Taking into
      consideration bidirectinal DNA replication the rate of DNA replication per
      growing point is 12.5 mu per hour (38 kb per hour). The mean size of replicon is
      about 60 mu (130 kb) in cell culture of Drosophila melanogaster and most of these
      replicons vary from 20 to 80 mu. Calculation suggests that one replicon may
      consist of six chromomeres each being known to be formed by a segment of DNA
      molecular 10 mu long on average.

PMID- 156878
TI  - [Description of the kinetics of the two substrate reactions S1+S2 goes to and
      comes from S3+S4 by a generalized Monod, Wyman, Changeux model].
AB  - A number of mathematical models, generalizations of the Monod, Wyman, Changeux
      model, have been derived describing the kinetics of two substrate reactions S1+S2
      (formula: see text) S3+S4. Protomers of the olygomeric enzyme E(R, T) undergo
      concerted conformational transitions of the type R in equilibrium T. Cases of
      ordered and random substrate and product binding to the active sites of the
      enzyme have been considered. The models have been shown to account for the
      isosteric substrate activation (sigmoidal curves upsilon (S1) and upsilon(S2) and
      substrate inhibition of the enzyme as well as activation by one substrate and
      inhibition by the other. Products can exert both activating and inhibiting
      isosteric effects on the enzyme. Relative advantages of the two main methods of
      parameter estimation, experimental-kinetic and mathematical, have been discussed.
      The second method has been illustrated by fitting one of the models to
      experimental data for substrate saturation of human platelet phosphofructokinase.

PMID- 156879
TI  - [Modern views on mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by myosin (on the 40th anniversary
      of myosin enzymatic activity discovery)].
AB  - Literature data and the author's materials concerning the intermediate stages of
      ATP hydrolysis by myosin and actomyosin are reviewed. The scheme of hydrolytic
      stages based on the application of fluorescent and UV spectroscopic stop-flow and
      18O exchange methods is discussed. Some unsolved problems of the hydrolytic
      mechanism and its relation to energy transduction in the mechanochemical act are
      also considered.

PMID- 156880
TI  - [Quincke's edema caused by type III allergy against feathers].

PMID- 156881
TI  - [Surgical laparoscopy--new possibilities and perspectives].

PMID- 156882
TI  - A chiasma-hormonal hypothesis relating Down's syndrome and maternal age.

PMID- 156883
TI  - [Symposium on the diagnosis of liver metastasis, held in Brussels from 29
      November till 1 December].

PMID- 156884
TI  - [Principle complications and contraindications of the use of oral
      contraceptives].

PMID- 156885
TI  - The influence of the gamma system on cross-correlated activity of Ia muscle
      spindles and its relation to information transmission.
AB  - In the decerebrate cat during static or slowly varying (less than 0.3 Hz) muscle
      stretches, the activity of muscle spindle (MS) pairs was poorly correlated and
      such correlation was not changed after ventral root sectioning. With slightly
      faster sinusoidal stretches (0.3-20 Hz) activity in pairs of MS was also poorly
      correlated. However, sectioning of the ventral roots produced preferential firing
      frequencies in the same muscle spindle pairs and increased their degree of
      correlation. The increase in correlation between MS activity detected after
      suppressing the gamma bias appeared to arise from extrinsic 60 Hz power line
      vibration in the range of micrometers. Nevertheless, activation of the gamma
      system could suppress such phase locking. When frequencies above 20 Hz were used,
      the gamma system could not decorrelate the MS pair activity since the two units
      became locked to their common input signal. It is suggested that decorrelation of
      MS activity by gamma influence may improve the fidelity of the information
      transmitted by the Ia MS ensemble by filtering distortion harmonics, as well as
      damping tremor oscillations in the stretch reflex loop.

PMID- 156886
TI  - Localized bullous pemphigoid resembling fixed-drug eruption.

PMID- 156887
TI  - Huntington's disease.

PMID- 156888
TI  - Laparoscopy: induction of pneumoperitoneum via transfundal puncture.
AB  - One of the most troublesome features of laparoscopy is the establishment of
      pneumoperitoneum. This report discusses a very simple and direct way of
      establishing pneumoperitoneum via transfundal puncture.

PMID- 156889
TI  - [Appropriate technology for health--concept and practice (author's transl)].

PMID- 156890
TI  - [Results of caries statistics in kindergartens, elementary and secondary schools,
      schools for the retarded and disabled and in high schools during the 1977/78
      school year (author's transl)].

PMID- 156891
TI  - [Benzene-conditioned blood count changes in relation to spontaneous normal value
      variations (author's transl)].

PMID- 156892
TI  - [Experience with a micro-method in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 156893
TI  - [Result of legally prescribed early diagnosis of cancer from the viewpoint of
      effectiveness (author's transl)].

PMID- 156894
TI  - [The importance of central preventive-care examinations for the discovery of
      connatal hypothyroidism (author's transl)].

PMID- 156895
TI  - [The principle of payment in kind and its exceptions in legal health insurance
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 156896
TI  - [Public health service and traditional medicine in Papua New Guinea (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 156897
TI  - [Year of the child: social-hygiene impressions from Bolivia].

PMID- 156898
TI  - [Discussion on the report: "Social worker in the public health office" issue
      7/1978, p. 474].

PMID- 156899
TI  - [Reply to a discussion against smallpox vaccination].

PMID- 156900
TI  - [Current state and perspectives of further development of phonophoresis of drugs
      in ophthalmology (review of the literature)].

PMID- 156901
TI  - [Phonophoresis of fibrinolysin and potassium iodide in complex treatment of
      hemophthalmos].

PMID- 156902
TI  - Board of trustees sets policy. Patient consent necessary for release of medical
      data.

PMID- 156903
TI  - Low back pain in patients with and without demonstrable organic disease.
AB  - Pain descriptors of patients with low back pain were analyzed to determine their
      usefulness in identifying patients without demonstrable organic disease. Using a
      standardized back pain questionnaire which scales qualities of pain along 7
      independent factors, it was possible to make clear distinctions between the
      subjective reports of patients with and without demonstrable organic disease of
      the lower back. Pain described by patients with demonstrable organic disease
      tends to be consistent and specific; whereas pain described by patients without
      demonstrable organic disease tends to be more variable and diffuse. Pain reported
      by the latter group was also more intense. Factors which may underlie these
      findings were discussed.

PMID- 156904
TI  - Myosin synthesis and enzymatic properties during thyroxine intoxication in
      rabbits.
AB  - Hyperthyroidism has been induced to rabbits by a daily subcutaneous injection of
      D-L thyroxine (0.3 mg/kg). The ventricular myosin Ca2+ ATPase was increased after
      one week and reached + 100 % after two weeks while the K+ EDTA ATPase remained
      normal. During the same period, the heart weight, and the myosin incorporation of
      3H-lysine after a four hour period of labelling had increased in parallel. The
      enhancement of both the Ca2+ ATPase and the labelling of myosin correlate, which
      suggests the appearance of a new molecule during the course of intoxication. This
      biochemical abnormality was unchanged after treatment with propranolol.

PMID- 156905
TI  - The relationship of a decline in myofibrillar ATP-ase activity to the development
      of severe left ventricular hypertrophy in the rat.
AB  - Abdominal aortic coarctation in the rat led to a modest degree of cardiac
      hypertrophy associated with normal ATPase activity of myofibrills. The addition
      of aortic incompetence was accompanied by the development of severe hypertrophy
      (approx. 75 %). During the course of this latter increase in heart weight, the
      Ca++ ATPase of myofibrils progressively declined to a level 36% below controls.
      This occurred at a time when protein synthesis was stimulated as evidenced by
      increased incorporation of H3 lysine into myofibrils. Results are compatible with
      the hypothesis that the abnormal ATPase activity reflects the synthesis of an
      abnormal myosin molecule.

PMID- 156906
TI  - The medical treatment of epilepsy: managing side effects of antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 156907
TI  - Dental care of special class children.

PMID- 156908
TI  - [Sub-umbilical laparotomy by supra-pubic disinsertion of the abdominal rectus
      muscles (Cherney's incision). 220 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Used in pelvic surgery in women, supra-pubic disinsertion of the rectus muscles,
      combining a satisfactory aesthetic result, comfort and the possibility of
      enlargement, was associated with a minimum of complications (4 haematomas, 4
      hernias and 2 cases of breakdown) and would be suitable as a routine approach in
      surgery of this type.

PMID- 156909
TI  - [Subclavian-femoral bypass: New course (author's transl)].
AB  - An unusual course for subclavian-femoral bypass was made by tunnelisation
      underneath the abdominal wall rather than the skin in an elderly patient with a
      huge incurable incisional hernia which required the wearing of an abdominal
      support belt. The prosthesis passed behind the sternum and the deep surface of
      the abdominal wall when the belt was worn.

PMID- 156910
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and conserved features of the 5.8 S rRNA coding region of
      Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of Neurospora crassa 5.8 S rDNA and adjacent regions has
      been determined. The deduced 5.8 S rRNA sequence of Neurospora differs from the
      5.8 S rRNA sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 13 of 158 residues. Nine of
      these differences are clustered in a segment capable of forming a short hairpin
      secondary structure thought to be involved in the 28 S - 5.8 S rRNA complex.
      These differences occur in pairs such that the potential secondary structure is
      preserved.

PMID- 156911
TI  - [Thrombinogenetic desinhibition of fibrinolysis].

PMID- 156912
TI  - [Metal frames for the protection of the skin during the stitching of the
      abdominal wall under tension].

PMID- 156913
TI  - Local cutaneous allergy to monocomponent insulin.
AB  - A case is described of a patient who developed local cutaneous hypersensitivity
      soon after commencing treatment with monocomponent insulins (MCI). This appears
      to be the first record of such a case.

PMID- 156915
TI  - [Expertizing on extrapulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 156914
TI  - [Concerning the therapy of exercise-induced asthma (author's transl)].

PMID- 156916
TI  - [The bronchospasmolytic and protective effects of fenoterol, ipratropium bromide,
      theophylline ethylenediamine and disodium cromoglicicum in inhalation challenge
      tests; a comparative study (author's transl)].
AB  - Two series of tests were carried out with 0.5 milligrams of fenoterol, 0.25
      milligrams of ipratropium bromide (both by inhalation) and with 240 milligrams of
      theophylline (intravenously) in persons with extrinsic bronchial asthma. In the
      first series (A) the broncholytic effects of the drugs were studied by
      administering them after inhalation provocation tests. In series B the protective
      effects of the drugs were studied by giving them before the tests. Untreated
      probands served as controls; in series B 20 milligrams of disodium cromoglicicum
      were given in addition. The results in series A showed that fenoterol had
      significantly higher bronchospasmolytic efficacy than the other drugs which were
      only slightly effective. In series B, however, all four drugs had an equally
      potent protective action. The results indicate that regular administration of
      these agents benefits persons with allergic bronchial asthma whereas in acute
      asthmatic attacks prompt and adequate bronchospasmolysis can be induced only by
      sympathomimetic drugs with beta-effects.

PMID- 156917
TI  - [Immunological examination of lymphocytes in patients with sarcoidosis and
      bronchial asthma (author's transl)].
AB  - Blood lymphocytes of 31 patients with bronchial asthma and of 20 patients with
      sarcoidosis were isolated and investigated for the following surface markers: E
      receptors (E-rosettes, a T cell characteristic), Fc-receptors (EA-rosette assay),
      C3-receptors (EAC-rosette assay), surface immunoglobulins (immuno-fluorescence
      technique). In addition, the reactivity against allogeneic lymphocytes was tested
      in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). MLC properties were defined by homozygous
      reference cells (so-called LD-typing). HLA-typing was performed simultaneously.
      The results, so far, indicate in both disease groups a series of remarkable
      alterations of the lymphatic subpopulations. A marked diminution of circulating T
      lymphocytes was encountered in some cases. The immunological results are
      discussed in relation to pathogenetic aspects of the diseases.

PMID- 156918
TI  - [Silicotuberculosis in Austria and the industrial injuries act (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The case material comprising all persons who developed silico-tuberculosis since
      it was listed as an occupational disease almost 50 years ago is analysed. The
      relationship between various occupations and the incidence of silicosis is
      reviewed with special reference to the most exposed group: the wokers in the
      granite quarries of Upper Austria. The changes in the clinical picture of the
      lesion, legal aspects, diagnostic difficulties in distinguishing between
      silicosis with or without complicating tuberculosis are discussed.

PMID- 156919
TI  - [Antiandrogens].

PMID- 156920
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the fibrinolytically active fractions obtained
      from the blood plasma of those who have died suddenly].

PMID- 156922
TI  - Inhibition of myosin ATPase by vanadate ion.
AB  - Inhibition of the myosin ATPase by vanadate ion (Vi) has been studied in 90 mM
      NaCl/5 mM MgCl2/20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, at 25 degrees C. Although the onset of
      inhibition during the assay is slow and dependent upon Vi concentration (kapp
      approximately 0.3 M-1 s-1), the final level of inhibition approaches 100%,
      provided the Vi concentration is in slight excess over the concentration of
      ATPase sites. Inhibition is not reversible by dialysis or the addition of
      reducing agents. The source of this irreversible inhibition consists of the
      formation of a stable, inactive complex with the composition M . ADP . Vi (where
      M represents a single myosin active site). The complex has been isolated, and its
      mechanism of formation from M, ADP, and Vi has been studied. Omission of ATP
      increases the rate of formation by about 35-fold (kapp approximately 11 M-1 s-1),
      yet this rate is still low in comparison with the rates of simple protein-ligand
      association reactions. This slowness is interpreted in terms of a rate-limited
      isomerization step that follows the association of M+, ADP, and Vi: M+ . ADP . Vi
      leads to M+. ADP . Vi (+ indicates the inactive product of the isomerization).
      The properties of M.ADP.Vi are compared with those of the ATPase intermediate
      M**.ADP . Pi, and the possible role of Vi as an analog of Pi is discussed.

PMID- 156924
TI  - Morphine potentiation of tonic immobility: effects of naloxone, PCPA, and 5,6
      DHT.
AB  - The duration of tonic immobility in chickens, a catatonic-like state produced by
      brief restraint, was greatly potentiated by a single 1.0 mg/kg injection of
      morphine. Naloxone by itself, however, had no effect on tonic immobility, and
      only an exceptionally large dose of naloxone blocked the morphine potentiation.
      Pretreatment with PCPA and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine completely eliminated the
      morphine enhancement. The effect of morphine on tonic immobility may be mediated
      by a central serotonergic-raphe system.

PMID- 156923
TI  - Defective splicing of mitochondrial rRNA in cytochrome-deficient nuclear mutants
      of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that the gene encoding the large (25 S) mitochondrial
      rRNA of Neurospora crassa contains an intervening sequence of 2-2.5 kilobases
      that is not present in the mature 25S mitochondrial rRNA. Earlier studies had
      provided evidence that mitochondrial rRNAs in Neurospora are synthesized via a
      32S precursor RNA that contains sequences for both the mature 19S and 25S RNA
      species. The present work shows that the intervening sequence is not present in
      32S RNA. However, we have identified two temperature-sensitive nuclear mutants
      that fail to excise the intervening sequence at the nonpermissive temperature (37
      degrees C). When grown at 37 degrees C, the mutants show decreased ratios of 25S
      to 19S RNA and accumulate a novel 35S RNA that appears to consist of 25S RNA plus
      most or all of the intervening sequence. The mutants are allelic but can be
      distinguished in temperature shift-up experiments, mitochondrial rRNA processing
      turning off more rapidly in one than in the other. These mutants should provide
      powerful new tools for studying RNA processing in eukaryotic cells.

PMID- 156925
TI  - Brain serotonin metabolism with relation to the head twitches elicited by lithium
      in combination with reserpine in mice.
AB  - Lithium alone, which scarcely induced head twitches, did not affect brain 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels but increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
      levels. However, the combined use of lithium chloride (2 mEq/kg x 5, SC) and
      reserpine (5 mg/kg, SC) administered hourly markedly elicited the head twitches,
      together with the pronounced decrease of 5-HT levels and increase of 5-HIAA
      levels as similarly seen by reserpine alone. Pretreatment with p
      chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) strongly potentiated the twitches elicited by the
      combined administration of lithium and reserpine, along with inducing the
      significant decrease of 5-HT levels and no change of 5-HIAA levels as compared
      with those levels in the PCPA-treated mice. The results imply that lithium
      produces the head twitches in the presence of reserpine, and an increase of 5
      HIAA or a decrease of 5-HT levels do not necessarily interfere with the incidence
      of the twitches, and that the receptor sensitivity to 5-HT is strongly involved
      in the incidence of the head twitches.

PMID- 156927
TI  - Surgery and postsurgical management of the patient with low back pain.
AB  - The role of surgery in the care of back pain and sciatica is discussed. Surgery's
      role in this case is relatively minor considering the overall problems of back
      disorders. The history, signs, and symptoms of various diagnostic categories are
      reviewed. Factors in deciding on the need for surgical care are analyzed. An
      algorithm that displays the diagnostic approach as well as various treatment
      plans helps in the decision-making process. Various exercise programs for
      postsurgical care are outlined. Details of the surgical procedures are also
      presented to explain the degree of tissue damage created by surgery itself.

PMID- 156926
TI  - Facilitation of avoidance acquisition in rats produced by P-chlorophenylalanine
      or P-chloroamphetamine.
AB  - The effects of reducing brain serotonin using p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) were
      examined as a follow up to our previous report that reducing serotonin with p
      chloroamphetamine (PCA) facilitated Y-maze avoidance acquisition and reduced open
      field activity. In the current work, PCPA was also found to facilitate Y-maze
      avoidance acquisition, while open field activity, although reduced, was not
      reduced significantly. In a second experiment, we re-examined PCA, except that
      the apparatus was changed in order to test the generality of the effect of PCA on
      avoidance performance in a task other than the Y-maze. Testing was also run at
      varying shock intensities to determine if this was a significant determinant of
      the effect. PCA reliably facilitated shuttle-box avoidance acquisition and did so
      at all shock intensities tested. Finally, in a third experiment, the time course
      of the onset of the PCA-induced avoidance facilitation was examined and found to
      develop 8--10 hours following drug treatment and not at a shorter drug to test
      interval of 4 hours. The present data, in conjunction with our previous data
      support the concept that lowered brain serotonin content facilitates avoidance
      acquisition regardless of the specific method used to reduce serotonin or to
      assess avoidance acquisition.

PMID- 156928
TI  - Clinical anatomy of the lumbosacral complex.
AB  - The clinical anatomy of the lumbosacral region has been presented to show the
      complexity of spinal pathology. Individual structures are described, but emphasis
      is placed on understanding the concept of the entire functional unit and how
      alteration can lead to pain and disability.

PMID- 156929
TI  - Physical examination of the lumbosacral complex.
AB  - Examination is the foundation upon which effective treatment rests. The
      importance of a methodical step-by-step process is stressed. The manner in which
      the examination findings are used to assess the efficacy of the treatment
      techniques is illustrated. This paper outlines one method of examining the
      lumbosacral complex.

PMID- 156930
TI  - Mobilization of the spine.
AB  - This article presents spinal dysfunction (as opposed to disease) as being an
      altered state of mechanics demonstrating either an aberrant motion or an increase
      or decrease from the expected range. Examination techniques, including passive
      intervertebral motion testing, are outlined, as is the grading system for
      recording results. Mobilizations and positional distraction are advocated for
      treating restricted range, and the neurophysiological and mechanical effects are
      explained along with their indications and contraindications. Pain is presented
      as a misleading symptom that cannot be relied upon to monitor the results of
      treatment. The author considers that exercise routines have no place in the
      treatment of spinal dysfunction, although selected exercises may be given for the
      patient's particular requirements. Walking is advocated to maintain mobility and
      function, but running, cycling, and swimming are generally discouraged.

PMID- 156931
TI  - An innovative program for the restoration of patients with chronic back pain.
AB  - The literature on conventional medical procedures for restoring high-risk
      patients having chronic low back pain reveals that these procedures are
      ineffective and may even be iatrogenic. An alternative, noninvasive approach,
      which takes into consideration the critical role of cognitive and emotional
      factors, is practiced at Casa Colina Hospital for Rehabilitative Medicine.
      Details of the approach as well as comments confirming its efficacy are
      presented.

PMID- 156932
TI  - Plasma insulin, carbohydrate, and free fatty acid changes in newly born infants
      of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers after loading with glucose, fructose, and
      galactose.
AB  - Changes in the concentration of blood glucose, fructose and galactose and their
      disappearance rate, concentration of plasma insulin, free fatty acids, blood
      lactate and pyruvate after intravenous glucose, fructose and galactose loads (1
      g/kg) were studied in 23 infants of insulin treated diabetic mothers (IDM). The
      control group consisted of 42 infants of healthy mothers (IHM). The disappearance
      rate of these monosaccharides was higher in IDM that in IHM (P less than 0.01).
      All monosaccharides enhanced plasma insulin levels, but the plasma insulin
      concentration varied considerably. The highest insulin response with difference
      between IDM and IHM occurred after loading with glucose. Fructose was the least
      effective insulin stimulator which did not increase glucose levels. All
      monosaccharides decreased free fatty acid levels. Lactate levels and
      lactate:pyruvate ratio in IHM were increased after fructose loading. The results
      of this study suggest that galactose is of some physiological importance for
      maintaining glucose levels and that the islet apparatus of newborns of diabetic
      mothers is less loaded with galactose than with glucose.

PMID- 156933
TI  - Macromolecular synthetic activity in mice regenerating liver after
      ethylnitrosourea injection.
AB  - The present report is a continuation of our previous studies on the biochemical
      mechanisms of carcinogenesis; studying the nature of interactions taking place
      between Ethylnitrosourea and DNA, RNA and protein of various stages of their
      synthetic activity. As a model system we chose partially hepatectomized mice live
      36 hrs after surgery. Synthetic macromolecule activity in the remaining liver
      segment was determined by means of 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine. We
      observed complete depression of DNA synthetic activity (immediately after
      Ethylnitrosourea administration it remained depressed almost through out the
      whole period of our observations) while protein synthetic activity was highly
      elevated. Qualitative changes of soluble proteins which were analyzed by
      isoelectric fractionation on 5% polyacrylamide after previous 3H- and 14C-leucine
      incorporation, could not be detected. Our biochemical data are correlated with
      histological studies and with the tumour incidence following the Ethylnitrosourea
      treatment of partially hepatectomized mice in the course of long-term
      experiments. The results provide guideline for further analysis, which should be
      modified according to the information concerning Ethylnitrosourea carcinogenesis
      induced 36 hours after partial hepatectmoy.

PMID- 156935
TI  - Inactivation of bradykinin by placental peptidases.
AB  - Normal human placental eluate (0.15 M NaCl) has very high capacity for
      inactivating synthetic bradykinin (its specific activity is 20--50 times higher
      than that of normal human serum). In chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A 50,
      several fractions with bradykinin-inactivating capacity were recovered. On Cbo
      Phe-Arg synthetic substrate, one fraction with kininase activity was identified
      as carboxypeptidase N. This is not identical with serum (pregnancy)
      carboxypeptidase N and does not therefore pass into the blood stream. The
      properties of other fractions with kininase activity were studied. Aminopeptidase
      activity degrading L-lysine-p-nitranilide and L-arginine-beta-naphthylamide was
      separate from kininase activity.

PMID- 156934
TI  - A study of the effect of dietary factors and various exercises on the swimming
      performance of the albino rat.
AB  - In Experiment 1 a double-phase test diet (high-protein low-carbohydrate phase
      (HP): 5 days, high-carbohydrate phase (HC): 2 days) was compared to a normal diet
      by measuring all-out performance in rats trained by steady or interval swimming
      exercise. The tests carried out on the 8th day showed the swimming performance to
      be improved to a similar extent by the two training procedures, to be further
      improved by the test diet in the exercised animals; changes in liver glycogen,
      blood glucose and serum corticosterone reflected especially in the influence of
      exercise which in some cases was potentiated by the test diet. In Experiment 2
      the 5 days of high protein intake were treated separately from the effect of the
      double-phase test diet as a whole in order to study the mechanism. These aminals
      were exercised by treadmill running of 7 days. Cytochrome P450 content of the
      liver rose under the effect of exercise as well as the HP phase, thus supplying
      additional evidence for the enzyme inducer effect of physical exertion. Glycogen
      decreased both in the muscle and liver during the HP phase and returned to normal
      after the HC phase. Liver glycogen rose to an even higher level than normal in
      the trained groups, but muscle glycogen values remained lower, this may be
      related to the shortness of training and to an accelerated rate of turnover. High
      protein intake associated with a depletion of carbohydrate stores was found to
      have an effect of its own which, when followed by replenishment of calories
      reserves, might be used to advantage in improving physical performance.

PMID- 156936
TI  - Use of the periodogram in the analysis of high frequency basal blood sugar
      oscillations in healthy subjects.
AB  - Twenty-four triplicate samples of the morning blood sugar of 17 fasting healthy
      women were taken from the cubital vein with a cannula at 15-sec intervals. The
      mean value was 4.44+/-0.69 mmol/l and the mean variation range 22.4+/-9.2%.
      Variability within the sets of three samples was 1.7+/-0.9%. In 23.5% of the
      cases, statistically significant periodicities (p less than 0.05) were detected
      by computing the periodogram. In 29.4%, several periodic components (2--4) were
      detected simultaneously. After deducting harmonic components, the residual
      scatter fell by an average 43.9%. In four cases the drop was significant in the F
      test at 1% and in one case at 5% level. The periodic components of the observed
      oscillations could be due to oscillation in feedback control circuits and the
      main role in the random component was evidently played by inadequate glucose
      blending in the circulation.

PMID- 156937
TI  - GABA-induced changes of extracellular K+-activity in the frog spinal cord.

PMID- 156938
TI  - Normal abdominal anatomy defined by gray scale ultrasound.

PMID- 156939
TI  - [Modification of the ovarian cycle, ovulation and reproduction in rat by
      administration of p-chlorophenylalanine in the pre and post ovulation period
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of p-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) administered in pre and post-ovulation
      phases on ovulation reproduction and ovarian cycle was studied in rats. Vaginal
      smears, number of ovules, mature follicles and ovaric histologic features were
      evaluated. PCPA administered in the periods after follicular rupture prolongs the
      diestrus phase from 2 to 10 consecutive days and totally inhibits the
      reproductive conduct. When administered in the periods just prior to follicular
      rupture, PCPA prolongs the estrus phase from 2 to 4 consecutive days and does not
      totally inhibit reproduction. A progressive increase in reproduction took place
      as treatment time approached ovulation, to such an extent that the number of
      inseminated and fertilized rats when treated at the ninth hour of the proestrus
      phase, was superior to the control group. PCPA administered in periods after and
      before follicular rupture totally inhibits ovulation in all cases. Ovaries
      present many mature follicles, as many as in the controls sacrificed at the 18
      hour of the proestrus, just before ovulation.

PMID- 156941
TI  - Laparoscopy and peritoneal cytology as markers in the follow-up of ovarian
      epithelial tumors.

PMID- 156940
TI  - [Supression by copulation of the inhibitory effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on
      rat ovulation (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of copulating on reflex ovulation was studied in rat. The effect of
      PCPA (300 mg/kg, i.p.) on ovulation and reproduction was compared by evaluating
      number of oocytes in tubes, histologic features of ovaries, vaginal cycle,
      insemination, fertilization and number of embryos per rat. PCPA, administered on
      9th and 16th h of the estrus phase, totally inhibits ovulation, stimulates
      reproductive behaviour and prolongs the estrogenic phase. When the animals are
      kept in copulatory conditions for 16 or 46 hours, the inhibition induced in
      ovulation disappears to the extent that 60% of the rats become pregnant though
      the number of embryos is under that of the control group. The farther the
      treatment with PCPA within the same cycle in the ovulatory period, the greater
      the inhibitory effect on ovulation is and the lesser the neutralizing effect
      produced by reflexes related to copulation. Administration of PCPA at the 16 hour
      of the diestrus causes a greater increase in the average number of embryos-as
      compared to administration at the 9 hour. In periods longer than 48 hours before
      ovulation, the inhibition brought about by PCPA is not suppressed by copulatory
      conditions kept for 16 or 24 hours and is only neutralized if they are kept
      during a complete cycle. Those treated with PCPA in the diestrus phase and
      maintained in copulatory conditions for 46 hours, present a higher average of
      embryos than those maintained in similar conditions for 16 hours.

PMID- 156942
TI  - [Transportable communication and environmental control device for the profoundly
      handicapped (author's transl)].
AB  - At the centre for the physically handicapped in Weingarten/Wurttemberg (Federal
      Republic of Germany) a multidisciplinary approach has been made to develop a
      experimental model of a communication device for the profoundly handicapped,
      which is transportable and can easily be handled and adapted to motor and
      cognitive abilities. This tool is available free of charge for a test period
      after which the user is required to give a report of his experiences, which will
      provide the basis for models which will be marketed.

PMID- 156943
TI  - A program for family management of the multiply handicapped child: TEMPO as a
      clinical model.

PMID- 156945
TI  - Accidents involving handicapped drivers.

PMID- 156944
TI  - The use of client planning groups in vocational rehabilitation: an alternative
      service approach.

PMID- 156946
TI  - Restimulation in secondary MLC by autologous non-T cells.
AB  - Lymphocytes sensitized in mixed leucocyte culture (MLC) were restimulated with
      non-T or complete cells. Cells primed against autologous non-T cells and
      restimulated with autologous cells gave responses with the kinetics of a
      secondary response. In contrast, cells primed against either type of autologous
      cell responded to restimulation by allogeneic cells with the kinetics of a
      primary MLC response. Following priming against alloantigens good secondary
      responses against both complete and non-T allogeneic restimulators were seen.
      Restimulation with autologous non-T cells, but not autologous complete cells,
      also led to secondary responses. The observation of different responses to
      antigens expressed on non-T autologous lymphocytes, in comparison to complete
      cells, implies that the secondary MLC involves more than response against
      alloantigens. Allogeneic and autologous MLC may be qualitatively different
      phenomena, the latter representing the recognition of identifying structures
      between interacting populations of cooperating cells.

PMID- 156947
TI  - Human leucocyte interferon: analysis of effect on MLC and effector cell
      generation.
AB  - Mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) showed decreased thymidine incorporation when
      interferon (IF) had been added to the culture medium. The cell-mediated
      lympholysis (CML) potential generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures grown in the
      presence of IF was substantially augmented at a certain concentration range.
      Highly purified leucocyte IF also had this effect, whereas mock preparations did
      not. The CML-augmenting property was found in the antiviral fraction after
      separation of semipurified leucocyte IF (by the method of Dahl & Degree). The
      possibility that the effects were due to a shift in kinetics after culturing in
      the presence of IF has been excluded. The killer-enhancing properties of IF did
      not seem to be due to an enhanced expression of histocompatibility antigens, the
      selective inhibition of CML suppressor cells, or a change in the specificity of
      recognized target cells. The results of secondary in vitro MLC-CML experiments,
      in which primary MLC had been carried out in the presence or absence of IF,
      indicated that the compound acts (in vitro) through preferential selection of
      cells that are less sensitive to inhibition by IF and more likely to kill.

PMID- 156948
TI  - Activation of abdominal muscles during some physiotherapeutic exercises.
AB  - The aim was to evaluate the theoretical efficiency of some abdominal muscle
      exercises for strength training. Sit-up with rounded back (curl-up) from the
      supine position up to 45 degrees activates the straight and oblique abdominal
      muscles to 50% of the values for maximum isometric contraction measured as
      integrated EMG. This exercise was compared with two previously suggested
      exercises: curl-up with simultaneous activation of the plantar-flexors of the
      ankle activated the abdominal muscles to the same level and curl-up from a
      position with dorsally extended spine did not activate the muscles more. Curl-up
      with lateral rotation of the trunk gave a high activation of the oblique muscles.
      This exercise was compared with two completely isometric exercises suggested for
      patients with back pain: only somewhat lower activation was obtained during an
      exercise in supine position with lateral resistance to the knees, but with
      lateral resistance against the elevated forearms there was only little
      activation.

PMID- 156949
TI  - Radiographic manifestations of aortic stenosis and aortic valvular insufficiency.

PMID- 156950
TI  - Acquired lesions of the mitral valve: plain film analysis.

PMID- 156951
TI  - Tricuspid and pulmonic valves: combined valvular disease.

PMID- 156952
TI  - Pathology of acquired valvular disease of the heart.

PMID- 156953
TI  - [Economic effect from a decrease in morbidity with temporary loss of work
      capacity].

PMID- 156954
TI  - [Work experience with the deontological education of students].

PMID- 156955
TI  - [Scientific activities of the Department of Social Hygiene and Public Health
      Organization of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute (on the 50th
      anniversary of the Department)].

PMID- 156956
TI  - [Public health in Soviet Azerbaijan during World War II].

PMID- 156957
TI  - [History of Russian-Moldavian medical ties].

PMID- 156958
TI  - [Organization of the bacteriological examination of tuberculosis patients in the
      centralization of a bacteriological service].

PMID- 156959
TI  - [Women medical workers in the battles in Malaya Zemlia and for the liberation of
      Novorossiisk].

PMID- 156960
TI  - [Heroism of the medics during the defense of Tsaritsyn and the battle for
      Stalingrad].

PMID- 156961
TI  - [History museum of a medical institute is an important agent for moral and
      patriotic education].

PMID- 156962
TI  - A cytogenetic study of a mentally retarded population in South Africa.
AB  - The entire population of the Umgeni Waterfall Institution for mentally retarded
      Whites was karyotyped using aceto-orcein and ASG banded preparations. Of the 512
      subjects, 376 were males and 136 were females. Their ages ranged from 1 to 72
      years and mental retardation ranged from borderline to profound. Altogether 11,1%
      had chromosome abnormalities, of which 8,2% had trisomy-21, 1,9% had other
      autosome abnormalities, and sex chromosome anomalies occurred in 1%. Normal
      variant chromosomes were seen in 4,5% of the population. Problems that arose in
      the course of the survey were mainly due to inadequate family histories and the
      high proportion of cases in which contact with the family had been lost, thus
      precluding proper follow-up studies.

PMID- 156963
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities in South African mental retardates.
AB  - Standard and differential staining techniques were employed in this cytogenetic
      study of mentally retarded Whites at the Umgeni Waterfall Institution. All of the
      512 patients were karyotyped and 57 were found to have chromosome abnormalities.
      Of these, 42 had trisomy-21; there were 3 subjects with 5p deletion (cri-du-chat)
      syndrome, 3 had supernumerary small marker chromosomes, and 2 had complex
      structural rearrangements. Gonosomal aneuploidies were less common than the
      autosomal defects and only 2 poly-X males and 1 poly-X female were identified.
      Long Y chromosomes were found in 11 males and 4 others had deleted Y chromosomes.
      One abnormal chromosome, a deletion of the terminal region of 11q, was missed in
      unbanded karyotypes. Banding is essential to the identification of structurally
      abnormal chromosomes.

PMID- 156964
TI  - Some personal thoughts on the treatment of children with anaesthesia.

PMID- 156965
TI  - Resistance and sphincter-like properties of the cystic duct.
AB  - The canine cystic duct, like that in man, has an extremely thin layer of muscle
      deep to the mucosal layer, surrounded by a dense layer of collagen fibers. The
      resistance to flow through the duct was studied in 16 anesthetized dogs by
      perfusing the duct with saline solution at constant pressure and recording the
      flow rate of the solution. The flow rate varied with respiratory movements, but
      there were also nonrespiratory variations which might be due to spontaneous
      sphincter-like contractions. Significant reductions in flow through the duct
      followed systemic intravenous or local intra-arterial injections of morphine or
      pharmacologic concentrations of adrenaline or cholecystokinin. It was concluded
      that an extremely small amount of muscle in the wall of the duct was capable of
      sphincter-like activity. The resistances to flow were the same in either
      direction through the duct, an indication that the prominent mucosal folds,
      valves of Heister, did not function as unidirectional valves. In view of the high
      resistance to flow through the duct and the possibility that sphincter-like
      activity may also occur under physiologic conditions, the function of the duct
      requires more attention than it has received in the past.

PMID- 156966
TI  - Noninvasive hemodynamic evaluation in selection of amputation level.
AB  - Various noninvasive techniques of hemodynamic evaluation have been used to
      determine the optimal level of amputation. Noninvasively obtained measurements of
      pressure and blood flow in the lower extremity have been found to be reliable in
      predicting the probable healing of an amputation. In patients with severely
      calcified noncompressible arteries, noninvasive electromagnetic flowmeter
      measurements of peak pulsatile flow provide a more accurate indication of the
      vascular status of the patient than do blood pressure measurements which, in such
      patients, frequently exceed 300 millimeters of mercury. Skin thermistor
      thermometry does not appear to be applicable in patients with extensive severe
      ischemia of the leg. The need for a reliable method of determining the lowest
      possible level of amputation is well recognized. Such factors as wound edge
      bleeding and clinical judgment too often lead to above the knee amputation when,
      frequently, a more distal amputation could have been possible. Our experience has
      shown that noninvasive techniques for hemodynamic evaluation are a valuable aid
      to clinical judgment in determining accurately the lowest level for successful
      limb amputation.

PMID- 156967
TI  - Macrophage-related suppressor cells in human renal transplant recipients.
AB  - In this study 66 renal transplant recipients were studied by in vitro immunologic
      monitoring assays in an attempt to delineate some immune reactivity parameters
      which migh explain the successful long-term survival of HLA incompatible
      allografts. Ninety percent of the recipients were found to be responsive to their
      specific donors in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture assays, indicating the
      presence of antigen reactive proliferating T cells. In contrast, studies of the
      in vitro generation of cytotoxic T cells showed that 73% of the long-term
      recipients demonstrated a marked hyporesponsiveness to the donor in cell-mediated
      lympholysis (CML) assays. Longitudinal studies indicated that specific CML
      hyporesponsiveness to the donor developed after transplantion. In the majority of
      recipients, CML hyporesponsiveness could be related to a suppressor cell
      phenomenon, since recipient mononuculear cells specifically suppressed the CML
      reactivity of third-party cells to the donor. Recipient CML hyporesponsiveness to
      the donor could be abrogated by removal of recipient adherent cells, most of
      which were monocytes or macrophages. The suppressor cell effect on CML is
      postulated to be related to macrophages which are either acting independently or
      under the regulation of suppressor T cells. These studies are among the first to
      suggest that suppressor cell regulation of relevant effector T cell activity may
      be important in the facilitation of successful human renal transplantation.

PMID- 156968
TI  - [The effect of community dental care for children].

PMID- 156969
TI  - The RhLA complex of rhesus monkeys. XI: Positive MLC reactions between identical
      sibs caused by alloimmunization.
AB  - D-locus identical pairs of monkeys were alloimmunized. An exchange of skin and
      blood between initially MLC-negative unrelated monkeys frequently led to strong
      mutual reactivity in mixed cultures. This was not the case when RhLA identical
      siblings were similarly (mutually) immunized. These data led to the postulation
      of a second RhLA-linked MLC locus, named D', which exerts its influence only
      after alloimmunization. Interestingly, strong MLC responsiveness between the RhLA
      identical siblings could be provoked after further immunization with tissue from
      a thired party animal. This unexpected MLC-reactivity is ascribed to the in
      fluence of minor non MHC linked loci which express themselves if the responder
      has been sensitized against a disparate D'-product. It is suggested that the
      postulated D' locus has a "helper function" in that it assists in triggering
      proliferative responses in mixed cultures against the products of these non MHC
      loci.

PMID- 156970
TI  - Different stimulating capacity of monocytes and B lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte
      cultures: a dose response study.
AB  - Cell fractions highly enriched either for monocytes of for B lymphocytes were
      separated from human peripheral blood. They were tested for their capacity to
      stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte cultures, using dose-response
      titrations. Neither population could be stimulated to proliferate by allogeneic
      cells, but both proved strong stimulators. In this respect monocytes were more
      efficient than B cell preparations. Differences were pronounced at the lower
      numbers of stimulating cells but were no longer significant with large amounts of
      cells.

PMID- 156971
TI  - Aromatization of androgens by human breast cancer.
AB  - The metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone by human mammary tumor
      was investigated. Estrogen synthesis from dehydroepiandrosterone was observed in
      9 of 10 estrogen-receptor-negative tumors and only in 2 of 8 receptor-positive
      tumors (p less than 0.025). Conversion of testosterone to estrogens was observed
      in 7 of 8 receptor-negative and 2 of 7 receptor-positive tumors. Tumors which are
      capable of transforming dehydroepiandrosterone to estrogens were also able to
      aromatize testosterone suggesting that the presence of the aromatase enzyme is
      inherent to certain tumor cells. No estrogen formation was detected by the
      mitochondrial-microsomal fraction of normal breast cells while fractions from
      both fat cell and tumor cell showed estrogen synthesis. Estrogen formation by
      tumor cell fraction ranged from 5 to 190 times that observed for fat cells. The
      physiological significance of these results in the neoplastic tissue and its
      relationship to hormone dependence are discussed.

PMID- 156972
TI  - Changes in mixed lymphocyte culture-reactive lymphocytes following
      alloimmunization of single lymph nodes in sheep.
AB  - When an "isolated" single lymph node is challenged with irradiated allogeneic
      lymphocytes, there is a change in the reactivity of the lymphocytes flowing out
      of the node when they are cultured in vitro in unidirectional mixed lymphocyte
      cultures (MLC) against the immunizing lymphocytes. These changes in the
      reactivity of the recipient lymphocytes are shortlived, follow a set time
      sequence in relation to the cell traffic changes accompanying the immune
      response, are the property of small lymphocytes and not blast cells, are
      exhibited by surface Ig-negative cells, and they are specific for the donor
      lymphocytes. It is suggested that antigen causes the selective retention of
      antigen-specific lymphocytes within the stimulated node followed by the
      proliferation and differentiation of large numbers of antigen-specific cells,
      which then leave the lymph node as small lymphocytes.

PMID- 156973
TI  - Histocompatibility in the rabbit: genetic control of rabbit mixed leukocyte
      culture reactivity.

PMID- 156974
TI  - [Supplementary regulations concerning occupational diseases nos. 2101 and 2104
      (paratendinoses, and diseases caused by vibration) (author's transl)].

PMID- 156975
TI  - [Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or Kawasaki's disease: apropos of 3 clinical
      cases].

PMID- 156976
TI  - [Anomalies of ocular refraction and visual work capacity].

PMID- 156977
TI  - [Drug films with fibrinolysin in ophthalmology].

PMID- 156979
TI  - Canine seborrheic disease complex.

PMID- 156980
TI  - [Oxidative-reductive metabolic indices in the blood in chronic rheumatoid
      polyarthritis under naftalan therapy].

PMID- 156978
TI  - Atopy.
AB  - Atopy should be considered an immunological disorder that may result in several
      clinical conditions including respiratory disease, allergic dermatitis, food
      allergy dermatitis, and perhaps flea allergy dermatitis. The clinical course of
      the disease tends to fluctuate from season to season, which makes objective
      evaluation of injection therapy difficult. The disease is subject to both
      familial and environmental influences, and dogs maintain the atopic state
      throughout their life. The disease cannot be cured; however, a combination of
      symptomatic and specific injection therapy usually provides adequate control of
      the clinical signs. Owners of atopic dogs should appreciate that their pet has
      inherently itching skin, a cure for which is unlikely to be found.

PMID- 156981
TI  - [Protein and lipid metabolic characteristics of persons in a hot climate].
AB  - A comparative investigation of the total protein, its fractions, total lipids,
      cholesterol, carotinoids, retinol, tocopherol in the blood serum of practically
      healthy persons (donors) was effected in different periods of the year. The
      proteinic and lipids metabolism rates in persons residing in conditions of a hot
      climate were found to change substantially, depending upon the season of the
      years. It is possible that, to a certain degree, this is due to a change in the
      nature of the nutritional pattern of these people under the effect of climate
      factors.

PMID- 156982
TI  - [Optimization of the fatty acid makeup of cooking oils for Central Asian national
      recipes].

PMID- 156983
TI  - [Properties of the influenza viruses isolated in 1976 from gulls in Astrakhan
      Province].
AB  - Investigation of a number of properties of influenza viruses isolated from
      Laridae birds in the Astrakhan region showed that in one epizootic focus avian
      influenza viruses with different hemagglutinins and identical neuraminidase may
      circulate among Laridae birds. Among viruses with the antigenic formula Hav5Nav2
      clear-cut differences in virulence and plaque-forming capacity were demonstrated.

PMID- 156984
TI  - [Virological and serological examination of the patients in a period of influenza
      A1 outbreak in Aktyubinsk].
AB  - In October--December, 1977, an epidemic outbreak of influenza predominantly among
      young people of an organized community was recorded in Aktyubinsk. For decifering
      the outbreak virological and serological examinations of 325 subjects in foci of
      the disease as well as hospitalized patients were carried out. The etiology of
      influenza was confirmed clinically, epidemiologically, and by laboratory
      examinations in 150 patients. In chick embryos, 53 strains of influenza A1 virus
      were isolated. Investigations of the strains causing the influenza outbreak in
      autumn 1977 confirmed that they were influenza A (HINI) viruses.
      Antihemagglutinating antibodies to the new influenza A1 virus isolate were
      demonstrated in patients and normal subjects. A detailed analysis of antibody
      levels to 5 serotypes of influenza virus revealed a rise in antibody titers to
      the homologous serotypes A2 and to the new A1 isolate. In the acute stage of the
      disease and in convalescence the geometric mean antibody titer to the new A1
      isolate was comparatively lower than to other serotypes.

PMID- 156986
TI  - [Hematoma of the abdominal muscle rectus manifesting itself as an intestinal
      occlusion].

PMID- 156985
TI  - [Chim virus, a new arbovirus isolated from ixodid and argasid ticks collected in
      the burrows of great gerbils on the territory of the Uzbek SSR].
AB  - Five strains of hitherto unknown arbovirus designated Chim by the place of
      primary collection of ticks was isolated from Ixodid and Argasid ticks collected
      in the Uzbek SSR in burrows of great gerbils. The virus has no antigenic
      relationships with arboviruses previously isolated from ticks, its size varies
      from 100 to 220 nm, it contains RNA and has a lipid-containing envelope. Chim
      virus is pathogenic only for suckling mice by the intracerebral route and exerts
      cytopathic effect in continuous L, Rh, BHK cell lines.

PMID- 156987
TI  - [Syndrome of abdominal muscular dysplasia in a 9-month-old infant].

PMID- 156988
TI  - [The post-traumatic "back of the hand edema"-a still frequent and unrecognized
      artefact].

PMID- 156989
TI  - [Clinical ergotherapy--possibilities and limitations in dermatological
      rehabilitation].

PMID- 156990
TI  - [Transcutaneous PO2 measurement under UV therapy of psoriasis and acne
      (preliminary report)].

PMID- 156991
TI  - [Left ventricular relaxation and filling abnormalities in patients with HOCM and
      left ventricular pressure overload (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that delayed mitral valve opening (MO) with
      regard to endsystolic dimension (t DS-MO) is specific for hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), LV echograms of patients with different forms
      of LV hypertrophy due to chronic pressure overload (CPO; aortic stenosis +
      arterial hypertension, n = 24) and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (n =
      24) were recorded, digitized and compared with those of normals (N :n = 28(. In
      patients with HOCM (93 +/- 37 ms; p less than 0.0001) and CPO (66 +/- 31 ms; p
      less than 0.0001) the time t DS-MO was significantly delayed compared with N (13
      +/- 15 MS), due to abnormal relaxation. This prolonged relaxation time resulted
      in an abnormal diameter increase (delta D) during the isovolumic relaxation phase
      (HOCM: 4.0 +/- 2.2 MM/CPO: 3.0 +/- 1.8 mm; p less than 0.0001/N:0.6 +/- 0.5 mm)
      and the rapid filling phase (HOCM 7.6 +/- 2.7 mm; p less than 0.0001/CPO 9.2 +/-
      2.9 mm; p less than 0.05 / N: 10.7 +/- 2.2 mm). The echocardiographical signs of
      an abnormal relaxation are not specific for HOCM, they can be seen in different
      forms of secondary LV hypertrophy and are accompanied by changes in the diastolic
      filling pattern.

PMID- 156992
TI  - [A model analysis on the effects of left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation
      on pump function and myocardial force and shortening (author's transl)].
AB  - The effects of hypertrophy and dilatation on myocardial force and shortening were
      analysed using Wong's formula for equatorial midwall stress in a thick-walled
      ellipsoid of revolution. Wall thickness, chamber volume and ejection fraction
      were treated as independent variables. An isolated increase in wall thickness
      reduces wall stress and, to a lesser extent, myocardial fiber shortening, i.e.
      myocardial function is overestimated from ventricular pressures and ejection
      fraction. Ventricular dilatation without a proportional increase in myocardial
      mass leads to an increase of myocardial force and shortening, i.e. myocardial
      performance is underestimated from ventricular function. A decrease of ejection
      fraction increases total systolic myocardial force considerably, leading to a
      shift to the right on the inverse relation of force and shortening. Therefore the
      efficiency of myocardial contraction is reduced and myocardial performance is
      better than ventricular pump function would indicate.

PMID- 156993
TI  - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of subpulmonic obstruction in hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy (a case report) (author's transl)].
AB  - The echocardiogram of a patient presenting with a systolic ejection murmur and
      ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy revealed asymmetric septal
      hypertrophy but no abnormal systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve as in
      IHSS. Her pulmonary echo disclosed small A waves, partial valve closure in early
      systole and coarse systolic fluttering. This motion pattern--which is similar to
      that of patients with infundibular pulmonary stenosis and which resembles the
      aortic valve motion pattern in discrete subaortic stenosis--led us to the
      diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with subpulmonic obstruction, which was
      later confirmed by cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 156994
TI  - Amanitin content and toxicity of Amantia verna Bull.
AB  - The alpha-, beta-, and gamma-amanitin content of 11 samples of Amanita verna
      Bull., collected during 1975--1978 in Germany and Switzerland, has been
      determined by high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) of crude
      methanolic extracts. The toxicity (i. v. LD50 for mice of defatted, lyophilized,
      methanolic extracts) of 3 samples has been compared with that of A. phalloides
      from the same site of collection. The amanitin content of A. verna ranged from
      2250 to 4570 mg/kg dry weight; the fungi contained almost as much beta- as alpha
      amanitin, whereas the gamma-amanitin content amounted to about 12% of the total
      amanitin. A verna contained less amanitin (65% on the average) than A. phalloides
      from the same collection site, but it was not significantly less toxic, since the
      phallotoxins contributed to the toxicity of either species in our tests.

PMID- 156995
TI  - [Absorption, body distribution, metabolism, and excretion of dieldrin in non
      human primates and other laboratory animals (author's transl)].
AB  - Using 14C-labelled dieldrin, the resorption, body distribution, and rate of
      excretion as well as the metabolism was investigated qualitatively and
      quantitatively. The experiments with mice, rats, rabbits, Rhesus monkeys, and
      chimpanzees were performed under identical conditions to obtain reliably
      comparable results.

PMID- 156996
TI  - Improved synthesis and rapid isolation millimole quantities of adenylysulfate.
AB  - An improved enzymatic method for the synthesis of adenylysulfate (APS) from
      adenosine 5'-phosphate using APS-reductase from Thiobacillus denitrificans is
      described. Isolation of millimole quantitities of this sulfur nucleotide is
      achieved rapidly by means of ion exchange chromatography on a strongly basic ion
      exchange resin. A facile and reproducible desalting procedure is described.

PMID- 156997
TI  - A 1H NMR study of the syn-anti dynamic equilibrium in adenine nucleosides and
      nucleotides with the aid of some synthetic model analogues with fixed
      conformations.
AB  - The syn-anti equilibrium about the glycosidic bond in adenosine and some related
      analogues was studied by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, with the aid of several
      model analogues fixed in given conformations either by intramolecular bonding, or
      by introduction of a bulky substituent. A model unambiguously and exclusively in
      the syn conformation is 8- (alpha-hydroxyisopropyl) adenosine; while one fixed in
      the anti conformation is 8,5'-anhydro-8-oxoadenosine. A new analogue, fixed in
      the high anti conformation, is 8,2-'O-isopropylidenearabinofuranosyladenine.
      Several additional new model compounds were synthesized and their properties are
      described. With the aid of these models, the syn-anti dynamic equilibrium was
      examined for adenosine and some related compounds in different solvent systems,
      and the conformer populations evaluated quantitatively. The validity of the
      procedure applied, and the accuracy of the results are critically examined, and
      compared with findings obtained by other procedures. Available literature data on
      the syn-anti equilibrium in other 8-substituted adenosines are re-analyzed in the
      light of the present results. An analysis is also presented of the
      interdependence of the various conformational parameter, i. e. conformation about
      the glycosidic bond and those of the sugar ring and exocyclic carbinol group, in
      adenosine and 2',3'-O-isopropylidenadenosine.

PMID- 156998
TI  - Comparative studies on the dodecameric and hexameric forms of yeast
      aminopeptidase I.
AB  - Yeast aminopeptidase I, when purified from autolysates of brewer's yeast, is
      obtained in two molecular froms a) the enzymatically active dodecameric complex
      (Mr = 640,000, s20,w = 22 S) and b) inactive hexamers (Mr = 320,000, s20,w = 12
      S). Although the amino acid composition of the 12 S protein is very similar to
      that of the active enzyme,the hexamers behave differently in ionic exchange
      chromatography and during electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Moreover, the
      antigenic properties of 12 S and 22 S aminopeptidase forms suggest a considerable
      degree of structural diversity. Several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae did
      not contain hexameric forms although their 22 S aminopeptidase was
      immunologically indistinguishable from brewer's yeast aminopeptidase. It is
      proposed that the hexameric protein is the result of "unproductive" aggregation
      of aminopeptidase subunits.

PMID- 156999
TI  - Separation of the S-adenosylmethionine: 5- and 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin O
      methyltransferases of Ruta graveolens L. by general ligand affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - Two S-adenosyl-L-methionine:furanocoumarin O-methyltransferases of R. graveolens,
      acting at the 5- and 8-hydroxyl of the psoralen nucleus, were completely resolved
      by adsorption on a general affinity ligand, 5-(3-carboxypropanamido) xanthotoxin,
      followed by specific desorption by bergaptol and xanthotoxol, respectively. The 5
      O-methyltransferase was purified 450-fold by this procedure, the 8-O
      methyltransferase 112-fold, and both enzyme fractions were electrophoretically
      homogeneous. No resolution could be achieved of the activity against two 5
      hydroxypsoralens or of the activity against two 8-hydroxypsoralens, and
      conclusive evidence is presented for the existence of only one 5-O
      methyltransferase and only one 8-O-methyltransferase acting on linear
      furanocoumarins.

PMID- 157001
TI  - Action of citrinin on liposomes.
AB  - Citrinin, a mycotoxin, was studied for its effect on artificial membranes
      (liposomes). Of the three (net positive, negative and neural) liposomal
      preparations tested, the membrane carrying a net positive charge was
      preferentially acted upon by citrinin and in this case even the lowest
      concentration was found to be sufficient for causing a high degree of damage.
      This is the first report of evidence that citrinin has a direct effect on
      membranes. It was shown to exhibit concentration dependency in its lytic activity
      on artificial membranes leading to leaching of trapped 45Ca2% ions.

PMID- 157000
TI  - Drug-protein interaction: 8-methoxy psoralen as photosensitizer of enzymes and
      amino acids.
AB  - For a better insight of the molecular basis of the photobiological effects of
      furocoumarins, the relevance of proteins oxydation by singlet oxygen produced by
      these substrates under irradiation with long u. v. light was studied. Complex
      oligomeric as well as simple monomeric purified enzymes with high or low
      molecular weight and different properties and simple amino acids were irradiated
      under oxygen in presence of 8-methoxy-psoralen. The effects on both proteins and
      amino acids were compared with those obtained under similar conditions with
      typical photosensitizers as methylene blue and Rose Bengal. The results indicated
      that the photooxydation of proteins, although possible, appears to play a minor
      role, if any, in the mechanism of action of furocoumarin.

PMID- 157002
TI  - Effect of mechanical traumatization on rate and constancy of oxygen uptake of
      isolated diaphragms.
AB  - Diaphragms of mice were traumatized by division parallel or transversally to the
      muscle fibres. The extent of traumatization was varied by the degree of
      subdivision. Oxygen uptake was measured by the Warburg technique. Undivided
      diaphragms as control displayed constant oxygen uptake for the four hours of
      observation. With divided diaphragms oxygen uptake was unstable. Division
      parallel to the muscle fibres resulted in continuous decrease of oxygen uptake
      after a normal initial phase; the decline was significantly steeper was
      increasing extent of traumatization. Division transversally to the muscle fibres
      resulted in an initial increase of oxygen uptake followed in a second phase by a
      continuous decrease. The initial increase as well as the final decrease of oxygen
      uptake was more pronounced with higher extent of subdivision.

PMID- 157003
TI  - [Sequence complexity of transcribed unique DNA sequences in genome of mouse P815
      mastocytoma cells (author's transl)].
AB  - The sequence complexity of nuclear RNA from mouse liver, mouse spleen and highly
      malignant P815 mastocytoma was measured by nRNA driven hybridization to unique
      DNA sequences of P815 cells. The unique DNA sequences represent 63% of the total
      nuclear DNA of P815 cells and their availibility in hybridization experiments was
      found to be 76%. Of these sequences 7.8% formed hybrids with nuclear RNA of this
      cell, about 11.5% with mouse spleen and about 14.5% with mouse liver nuclear RNA.
      Assuming an asymmetrical transcription, the complexities of these transcripts are
      2.8 X 10(8) nucleotides for mouse P815 mastocytomas, 4.3 X 10(8) for mouse spleen
      and about 5.3 X 10(8) nucleotides for mouse liver. Cellular specifity of the
      transcribed information was analyzed in additivity experiments, in which unique
      DNA sequences, not complementary to the nuclear RNA of one cell were annealed to
      the nuclear RNAs of the two other tissues/cells. In these experiments most of the
      nuclear RNA sequences of P815 cells were found to be also present in the nucleus
      of mouse liver and spleen. Only a small portion of the unique DNA sequences of
      P815 mastocytoma (about 1.2% corresponding to 4.4 X 10(7) nucleotides) was found
      to be complementary only to P815 mastocytoma nuclear RNA.

PMID- 157004
TI  - Physico-chemical studies of isolated chromatin compared with in situ chromatin
      after partial hepatectomy in the rat.

PMID- 157005
TI  - The influence of spermine, spermidine and various sera on T-lymphocyte and
      granulocyte colony growth in vitro.
AB  - Using T-lymphocyte (T-LC) and granulocyte colony (GC) assays with truly
      proliferating cells, the dose-response relationships of spermine and spermidine,
      fetal calf (FCS), calf (CS), horse (HS) and human AB serum (ABS), and of the
      polyamines in the presence of selected does of the sera were analyzed. In
      contrast to earlier observations using [3H]thymidine uptake masurements it was
      found that the polyamines as well as the sera themselves inhibit T-LC and GC
      growth in the presence of autologous HS and ABS, respectively. The polyamines
      also inhibit in the presence of additional HS and ABS, yet most effectively with
      added FCS and CS. Thus the previously reported species-specificity of the serum
      dependent polyamine inhibition has here been shown to be more quantitative than
      qualitative. These studies stress the significance of assays utilizing truly
      dividing cells and broad dose-response relationship in order to assess specific
      biological effects in vitro.

PMID- 157006
TI  - Free-running human circadian rhythms in Svalbard.
AB  - The body temperature, activity-rest time, electrolytes of urine samples and mood
      was measured in two persons a 19 day period under continuous light conditions in
      the arctic (vicinity of Ny Alesund, Svalbard-Spitsbergen). For temperature
      recording a new thermoprobe and a portable printer was used. Possible week
      Zeitgeber of the 24 hour day did not synchronize the circadian system, since
      circadian rhythms of about 26 hours were found. These results open up the
      possibility to study effects of drugs on the circadian system of humans under
      Svalbard conditions.

PMID- 157007
TI  - [Temperature-dependence of biological process (author's transl)].
AB  - Temperature dependence of biological processes is described by the modified
      Arrhenius equation, in which the constant is replaced by a temperature-variable
      coefficient. The theoretical foundation for this replacement is given and
      experimentally verified.

PMID- 157008
TI  - [A fluorometic test for microsomal monooxygenase activity in the rat liver with
      scoparone as substrate (author's transl)].
AB  - A sensitive fluorometric test for the determination of monooxygenase activity in
      liver microsomes from rats is described. The assay is based on the O
      demethylation of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (scoparone) to 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin
      and 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital or
      polycyclic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene) causes a
      significant increase in the amount of microsomal dealkylation activity.

PMID- 157009
TI  - Antimicrobial activity of quaternary ammonium salts of some saturated
      heterocycloalkyl amines [1].
AB  - Antimicrobial activity of N-alkyl-N-dodecylpiperidinium bromides and N-ethyl-N
      dodecylheterocycloalkyl ammonium bromides (pyrrolidine, morpholine,
      perhydroazepine) determined on grampositive and gramnegative bacteria, yeasts and
      moulds, presented as minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Comparison of the
      effect of change of structure: lengthening of alkyl chain, change of heterocyclic
      ring. Change in the length of alkyl chain markedly affects the antimicrobial
      activity, change of heterocyclic ring has no substantial effect. The most active
      compounds were N-heptyl-and N-hexyl-N-dodecylpiperidinium bromides.

PMID- 157010
TI  - Some characteristics of sulphate uptake into synaptosomes.
AB  - Incorporation of Na235SO4 by ovine brain Ficoll-prepared synaptosomes were
      studied as a function of time, temperature and substrate concentration. The rate
      of uptake obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and apparent Km value of 4.4 mM Na2SO4
      was determined. In the presence of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate a reduction in
      sulphate uptake was noted which suggests that thiol groups may possibly be
      implicated in the uptake mechanism.

PMID- 157011
TI  - [Case of toxidermia caused by the pesticide Anthio].

PMID- 157012
TI  - [New Soviet detergents, protective creams and pastes for skin protection under
      modern industrial conditions].

PMID- 157013
TI  - Down's syndrome in Nigeria: dermatoglyphic analysis of 50 cases.
AB  - Dermatoglyphic analysis was carried out on 50 cases of Down's Syndrome and 100
      normals. It involved the digital patterns, axial triradius and palmer crease on
      the hands. 94.6% of the digital patterns in Down's Syndrome were the Ulnar loop
      type against 62.5% in the normals. No arch was reported in Down's Syndrome. There
      were more whorl patterns in the normals (31.1%) than in the Down's Syndrome group
      (4%). The mode of the distribution of the digital indices in the Down's Syndrome
      was at +3.58. More than 84% of the 50 cases of Down's Syndrome have digital index
      of +3.58 compared to only 12% in the normals.

PMID- 157014
TI  - Down's syndrome in Nigeria: pregnancy wastage in mothers of Down's syndrome.

PMID- 157015
TI  - Sex distribution and frequency in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 157016
TI  - [Determining the cause of clicking from clinical, roentgenological, and
      histological results (author's transl)].
AB  - A cause of clicking is described. Results of clinical, roentgenological, and
      histological examinations show that clicking may be considered to be due to
      overstraining of the lateral ligament of the temporomandibular joint or of a
      muscle lying between the tuberculum articulare and the collum mandibulae,
      respectively. Straining is triggered by a connective-tissue and bony protuberance
      produced by mechanical irritation on the lateral capitulum mandibulae.

PMID- 157017
TI  - [Experiences clinical tests to prove value of GRF wound dressing in the treatment
      of patients suffering from haemophilia (author's transl)].
AB  - Experiences are reported on the use of Gelatine-Resorcin-Formalin (GRF) wound
      dressing obtained in clinical tests. The treatment has been turned out to be
      thoroughly satisfactory in 27 cases of patients suffering from haemophilia and
      those suffering from Willebrand-Jurgens-Syndrome. Generally, treatment may be
      carried out without hospitalization of applying coagulator substituting
      medicaments.

PMID- 157019
TI  - [Gustav Korkhaus, 4 January 1895 - 16 June 1978].

PMID- 157018
TI  - [Results of the use of bone and cartilage transplants in maxillofacial surgery
      (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper reports the results of using autogenous, allogeneic, and xenogeneic
      bone grafts in 176 patients with maxillofacial diseases. In all, the number of
      complications did not exceed 5 percent. The allogeneic and xenogeneic grafts were
      used in the form of small chips of bone. They formed connecting and filler
      elements for small losses of bones without breaking the continuity of their
      union. In this group, the number of complications was in the region of 2.5
      percent.

PMID- 157020
TI  - [On the surgical therapy of basaliomata and carcinomata of the facial skin].
AB  - Following surgical therapy, skin carcinomata as well as basaliomata require
      strict aftercare. Most careful attention should be given especially to
      dedifferentiated, nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinomata that usually show a
      higher rate of relapsing and metastasizing. (2) The relatively high rate of
      metastasizing of 10 to 20%, which is evident from the literature and could be
      confirmed by the author for his own patient stock, requires uncompromising
      removal of the dependent lymphatic region in the form indicated for tumors with
      the formula T1 N1-2 Mo, T2-3 No Mo, for relapsing carcinomata, and for
      histologically evident nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinomata. Only very old
      age or a poor general condition admit of exceptions to be made.

PMID- 157021
TI  - [On the influence of the time of surgical operation upon dentural development in
      the case of gnathoplasty, palatoplasty, and uraniscoplasty with simultaneous
      osteoplasty (author's transl)].
AB  - In patients with cheiloschisis, gnathoschisis, palatoschisis, and uranoschisis,
      who underwent plastic operations when between four and six years old, maxillary
      models were biometrically analyzed in the tenth and eleventh years of age. It has
      been found that the different choice of the time of reparative operation has no
      influence whatsoever upon maxillary development during childhood. This is of
      great practical importance especially from a phoniatric and logopedic point of
      view.

PMID- 157022
TI  - [Johann Adam Gensel (1677-1720)].

PMID- 157023
TI  - [Clinical and exfoliative-cytology studies made prior and subsequent to the
      action of antiovulatory agents upon oral and vaginal mucous membranes (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Clinical as well as oro- and vaginocytological results obtained from 92 female
      patients aged 16 to 48, to whom ovulostatic drugs were administered, have been
      analyzed. Variations in cell composition of the mucosal surface could be detected
      by exfoliative cytology in the vaginal and oral regions.

PMID- 157024
TI  - [The human dental pulp as viewed through a scanning electron microscope (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The human dental pulp was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The
      odontoblasts are pear-shaped and have a fine-grain surface structure. Tomes'
      process divides into fine branches before entering the predentin. Very few
      fibroblasts were found. These had stronger cell processes at the two terminal
      poles. Adhering to their surfaces were fine fibers. Collagenous and nerve fibers
      could not be accurately identified in the rich fibrillary network of the pulp.
      Stronger nerve fasciculi were readily observable through longitudinal sulci.
      Thinner fibers were seen to spread out in branches from some nerve bundles. The
      capillaries were observed to be surrounded by a sheath of fine fibrils.

PMID- 157025
TI  - [Vital microscopic examination of the periodontal blood circulation of incisors
      in rats (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper describes a method of making microscopic in vivo examinations of the
      periodontal blood vessels of the lower incisors in rats. On an anesthetized
      animal, part of the lower jaw is laid open by a U-shaped skin incision and the
      ligament joining the halves of jaw is cut through. After macrosopic and
      microscopic preparation, the circulation of blood in the exposed marginal gingiva
      or in the windowed periodontal space may be observed in vivo by transmitted-light
      microscopy. The standardized biological model enables the structure and function
      of the periodontal blood vessels and their normal and disturbed mechanisms of
      regulation to be examined and compared with conventional histological findings.
      The functional and morphological parameters are representative of the human
      periodontium.

PMID- 157026
TI  - [Peak-to-valley height measurement and scanning electron microscopy of cavity
      walls (author's transl)].
AB  - Using a feeler type of cutting mechanism and a scanning electron microscope,
      cavity walls were examined subsequent to the preparation thereof with various
      types of working tools. The combination of these two methods of examination
      allows results to be obtained which are far better than those achieved with the
      use of one of these methods alone. The most unfavourable configuration of the
      cavity wall is obtained using a turbine (diamond). It is especially in the case
      of inlay preparations that it is necessary for the walls of cavities prepared
      using a turbine to be retreated by means of a normal-speed type of instrument.
      Smoothest surfaces are generally obtained with the use of a finisher.

PMID- 157027
TI  - [Biological responses to filling materials with special reference to the
      composite material evicrol--an experimental study (author's transl)].
AB  - The biological responses to the composite filling material Evicrol were tested by
      temporarily differentiated implants in rats. Type and degree of the inflammatory
      reaction as well as the intensity of connective tissue fiber formation were used
      as criteria for evaluation of the histocompatibility of the subcutaneous
      implants. As compared to other composite filling materials, Evicrol was found to
      produce a relatively severe irritation of the tissue. In comparison with silicate
      cements and also with silicopolyacrylate cement, composite materials including
      Evicrol were responded to by for less pronounced chronically toxic effects.

PMID- 157029
TI  - [Possibilities to improve the classification of partially edentulous dental
      arches by the view of morbidity statistics (author's transl)].
AB  - With regard to the planning of treatment capacities in prosthetic dentistry the
      authors try to find a practicable classification for partially dentulous arches.
      They make explanations on the classifications, which are known yet. The
      combination of the EICHNER and KENNEDY classifications as well as an own
      modification of the KENNEDY system seem to be the best methods for morbidity
      analysis in this moment.

PMID- 157028
TI  - [Experience with evicrol splints after eighteen months of use (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors, after discussing the general importance of the use of splints in
      parodontological therapy, give a detailed description of the manufacture of
      composite splints. The experience and results obtained after eighteen months of
      use of fifteen splints are discussed and compared with data reported in the
      international literature.

PMID- 157030
TI  - [Levels of immunoglobulins and numbers of lymphocytes in the venous blood from
      the neighbourhood of oral carcinomas Relations to short-time-prognosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Lower levels of immunoglobulins A and G than in a cubital vein were found in the
      venous blood from the neighbourhood of non-metastatic oral carcinomas. The
      authors these results interprete as an increased connection of antibodies to the
      receptors of tumor-cells. It is evident that the receptors are saturated in
      metastatic carcinomas. Favourable shorttime-prognosis is often connected with an
      increased number of lymphocytes in blood of tumour- and cubital-vein.

PMID- 157031
TI  - [Carl Ferdinand Graefe (1787-1840)].

PMID- 157032
TI  - [Problems of morbidity among poultry growers].

PMID- 157033
TI  - [Prognosis in diseases of the teeth and oral mucosa in the adult population
      (Stavropol as a model)].

PMID- 157034
TI  - [Health and demographic analysis of mortality indices].

PMID- 157035
TI  - [Hospitalization morbidity among preschool children (based on data from Perm)].

PMID- 157036
TI  - [Experience in improving the information support of ambulatory polyclinical care
      for the adult population of Novokuznetsk].

PMID- 157037
TI  - [Health protection for rural workers is the common concern].

PMID- 157038
TI  - [Losses of work days among female textile workers due to child care].

PMID- 157039
TI  - [Method of obtaining information on the medical status of ambulatory dental
      patients using a questionnaire].

PMID- 157040
TI  - [Maternity care and the health of women in the Udmurt ASSR].

PMID- 157041
TI  - [Training and upgrading of the skills of public health management personnel in
      the Russian Federation].

PMID- 157042
TI  - [Planning of the organizational activities of a municipal public health branch].

PMID- 157043
TI  - [Improvement in the organization of tuberculosis control measures in Perm in 1966
      -1976].

PMID- 157044
TI  - [Experience in decreasing occupational traumatism in a glass factory].

PMID- 157046
TI  - [Participation of phage group II staphylococci in hospital infection in a
      traumatology and orthopedic hospital].

PMID- 157045
TI  - [Experience in analyzing and controlling the length of hospital treatment of
      medical patients in a large, general hospital].

PMID- 157047
TI  - [Biological properties of staphylococcal strains and their lysability by
      preparations of specific bacteriophage].

PMID- 157048
TI  - [Variability of the microfloral makeup of the pathological focus in suppurative
      infection].
AB  - During the period of hospital treatment a change in the composition of would
      microflora in 145 patients was found to occur, which affected the characteristics
      of microflora in respect of species, types and strains. This change consisted in
      the appearance of new (secondary) species, variants and strains and in the
      disappearance of some original (primary) ones. The populations of staphylococci
      were found to vary in the level and spectrum of their resistance to antibiotics
      (resistovars) and in the degree and spectrum of their sensitivity to
      staphylococcal typing phages (phagovars). Changes in the populations of
      staphylococci were caused mainly by the cange of S. aureus or by the additional
      appearance of their new variants which belonged, as a rule, to phage group II,
      had multiple resistance to antibiotics and corresponded to the phagovars of the
      hospital flora. The development of hospital variants in open wounds led to an
      increased general level of resistance of staphylococcal populations to
      antibiotics.

PMID- 157049
TI  - A simple technique of measuring liver blood flow--intrasplenic injection of
      133Xenon.
AB  - Intrasplenic injection of 133Xe was studied as an inert gas clearance technique
      for measuring liver blood flow in 13 dogs. This was done by comparing technique
      with intraportal injection of 133Xe (n = 41), and with electromagnetic flowmeter
      measurements of total liver blood flow. Very good correlation was obtained
      against the two latter techniques, the correlation coefficients being 0.99 and
      0.90 respectively. The comparisons were made over a range of liver blood flow
      rates from 37 to 297 ml 100 g-1 min-1. The technique is potentially suitable for
      preoperative measurements, and may be particularly convenient when performed in
      conjunction with splenoportovenography.

PMID- 157050
TI  - The importance of echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular
      hypertrophy in trained and untrained schoolchildren.

PMID- 157051
TI  - A prospective psychological and cytogenetic study of three girls with mosaic
      mongolism.
AB  - Three girls with mosaic mongolism (46, XX/47, XX, +21) were followed
      cytogenetically and psychologically from the time of diagnosis at 8, 17 and 32
      months of age, respectively, to the age of 13--15.5 years. All showed muscular
      hypotonia and hyperflexible joints at the time of diagnosis, but otherwise the
      physical characteristics of Down's syndrome were weakly expressed. The percentage
      of trisomic cells in the peripheral blood decresed with time, but were still
      higher in lymphocytes than in skin fibroblasts at the last investigation.
      Developmental milestones were delayed in all cases, and the developmental and
      intelligence quotients were decreased. Mental retardation was only slight in one
      of the cases (I.G. = 65 at the age of 14 years 8 months). The intelligence
      quotients showed declining trends with time. Social ability and school results
      tended to be better than could be expected from the test results.

PMID- 157052
TI  - [A new therapy for acne rosacea].

PMID- 157053
TI  - FSH stimulation of mucopolysaccharide synthesis in rat and porcine ovary.

PMID- 157054
TI  - Cation-induced immunosuppression: the effect of lithium or Arthus reactivity,
      delayed hypersensitivity and antibody production in the rat.
AB  - Arthus reactivity and delayed skin sensitivity to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and
      anti-BSA antibody production were markedly impaired in female Wistar rats
      repeatedly injected with lithium chloride.

PMID- 157055
TI  - Characterization of reactive and suppressive cells in the mouse embryonic liver
      by peanut agglutinin (PNA).
AB  - Embryonic liver cells suppressed the MLC response of adult mouse spleen cells and
      reactivity to mitogens Con A, PHA and LPS. Suppression was exerted by cells
      agglutinated by PNA (PNA+ cells). Cells reacting to LPS and to DxS were found in
      the nonagglutinated (PNA-) cell fraction. The PNA+ fraction did not react to DxS
      nor did it reduce the response of sdult spleen cells to this mitogen.

PMID- 157056
TI  - Summing up: soluble mediators of immunity.

PMID- 157058
TI  - Immune depression in Trypanosoma congolense-infected mice.

PMID- 157057
TI  - Malaria infection in mice. Plasmodium berghei infection in mice: a model for
      immune complex disease and autoimmunity.

PMID- 157059
TI  - Nitrate assimilation in fungi.

PMID- 157060
TI  - Comparative effects of drugs on four paw oedema models in the rat.
AB  - The development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs (AID) has been claimed to be
      dependent on the discovery of models of inflammation that differ from those
      currently used for drug screening, e.g. carrageenen paw oedema and u.v. erythema.
      We have thus evaluated the effect of a variety of drugs in a number of novel
      models of inflammation in the rat produced in the hind paw. We have utilized
      kaolin, zymosan, anti-rat IgG (anti-IgG) and the Reversed Passive Arthus (RPA)
      reaction to produce these oedema models. We found that the non-steroidal AID's,
      e.g. aspirin, flufenamic acid, indomethacin, naproxen, and phenylbutazone, were
      active in all four tests. Of the nine novel AID examined, levamisole and
      tetramisole demonstrated considerable activity in all four tests and dapsone was
      especially active in the anti-IgG and RPA tests. In contrast, the anti-rheumatic
      d-penicillamine was inactive in all four models. Each of the ten compounds tested
      which has been claimed to influence complement function, was active in the RPA
      but not in the kaolin model. These results are discussed in the context of the
      aetiology of each oedema and the suspected mode of action of the various drugs.

PMID- 157062
TI  - A model for establishing occupational therapy and physical therapy services in
      the public schools.
AB  - One procedure for the establishment of therapists in public schools and on
      management and administration teams in the State Department of Public
      Instruction, Division for Exceptional Children is discussed. A significant aspect
      of the procedure is a model for a working relationship between the Division for
      Exceptional Children and the Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy Divisions
      in the Department of Medical Allied Health Professions in a School of Medicine.

PMID- 157061
TI  - Developmental Disabilities Act: an historic perspective, part I.

PMID- 157063
TI  - Educational mainstreaming of physically handicapped children.
AB  - The therapeutic and educational needs of 31 children who, after attending a
      private pre-school for the physically handicapped, were mainstrained in public
      schools are described in this paper. Their adjustment was followed for one to
      three years. Information was gathered through questionnaires and interviews with
      parents, children, and classroom teachers on how successful and to what extent
      the children had been mainstreamed, as well as what physical, academic, and
      social problems were encountered. Patterns and trends of relative educational
      abilities and disabilities of children with spina bifida and cerebral palsy are
      discussed in view of the literature and the problems encountered by this
      population. Questions that teachers frequently asked of health professionals who
      are experienced in dealing with the effects of handicapping conditions as well as
      a procedure for providing this information are also discussed. Successful
      mainstreaming depends on cooperative work and mutual advocacy among health
      professionals, parents, and educational personnel.

PMID- 157064
TI  - The school therapist and vocational education.
AB  - Students with disabilities are now placed in regular industrial arts and
      vocational training programs in secondary schools. Vocational educators agree
      that teachers need assistance in serving these students with special needs. This
      paper explores the contributions school occupational therapists can make to
      vocational education for handicapped students. Recommendations are included for
      therapists interested in moving into new roles in this field.

PMID- 157065
TI  - Professional prescription.

PMID- 157066
TI  - Treatment of acne vulgaris.

PMID- 157067
TI  - Back pain: mechanical or inflammatory?
AB  - The majority of patients with a recent onset of back pain that developed rapidly
      over a few hours have nonspecific spinal disease. The disorder is likely to be
      self-limited. In contrast, patients presenting with an insidious onset of pain
      that has lasted for several weeks may have ankylosing spondylitis. Since
      management differs for the two types of disease, the correct diagnosis is
      mandatory. The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis is confirmed radiologically.

PMID- 157068
TI  - Loss of thick filaments from fast-twitch glucolytic muscle fibers of the pigeon
      pectoralis after chronic administration of dantrolene sodium.
AB  - Adult pigeons received dantrolene sodium, a skeletal muscle relaxant which blocks
      the release of calcium during excitation-contraction coupling, for 12 to 16
      weeks. The pectoralis muscles of these birds were analyzed for changes occurring
      in the various fiber types of the muscle. Both histochemistry (ATPase and SDH
      activity) and electron microscopy (mitochondrial and lipid volume percentages)
      differentiated two fiber types. The two fiber-types consisted of fast-twitch
      glycolytic fibers (FG) and fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers. After
      dantrolene treatment some FG fibers showed little or no ATPase activity.
      Dantrolene treatment also produced a disappearance of thick filaments in some FG
      fibers. We infer that the fibers without thick filaments are the ones lacking
      ATPase activity. The FOG fibers were nearly normal. Since drug-fed birds lose
      weight, a few birds were starved to determine whether the filament loss was
      related solely to the bird's loss in weight. No fibers in starved birds showed
      reduced ATPase activity or loss of thick filaments. In fibers that showed thick
      filament disappearance, the I-bands remained organized and intact, suggesting
      that the I-band maintains its integrity without interaction with the thick
      filaments. Changes in activity patterns may cause loss of thick filaments by
      inhibiting either their synthesis or assembly.

PMID- 157069
TI  - Influences on measured intelligence in Down's syndrome.
AB  - The measured IQ and parental educational level of 57 children with Down's
      syndrome were compared. The phenomenon of decreasing IW with increasing
      chronological age in Down's syndrome was considered in the data analysis. There
      was no trend toward better cognitive performance by children of higher-educated
      parents. Thirty-one of the children had attended an early, continuous stimulation
      program. This experience accounted for most of the observed IQ variance.

PMID- 157070
TI  - Hypercalcemia associated with neuroblastoma.
AB  - We studied two children with neuroblastoma in whom hypercalcemia developed as the
      initial manifestation in one and during the course of therapy in the other. Serum
      parathyroid hormone activity was elevated in the patient in whom the test for it
      was performed. Mithramycin controlled the hypercalcemia in one patient and tumor
      resection with radiation therapy and chemotherapy was sufficient for control of
      this complication in the other.

PMID- 157071
TI  - Huntington's disease.

PMID- 157072
TI  - Confronting huntington's disease.

PMID- 157073
TI  - A report of the safety and accuracy of midtrimester amniocentesis at the Medical
      College of Georgia: eight and one half years' experience.

PMID- 157074
TI  - Subcellular changes in rat hearts perfused with potassium-free medium.

PMID- 157075
TI  - Regulation of hepatic free fatty acid metabolism by glucagon and insulin.
AB  - The roles of glucagon and insulin in the direct short-term regulation of hepatic
      free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism were studied in hepatocytes isolated from fed,
      fasted, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In fed animals, the principal
      metabolic product of palmitate metabolism was triglyceride, whereas ketones were
      the major product in fasted and diabetic animals. Glucagon at physiological
      concentrations increased ketogenesis and decreased triglyceride synthesis from
      palmitate in hepatocytes from fed rats at FFA concentrations 1.0 mM or less.
      Insulin had no effect on FFA metabolism when present as the sole hormone, but
      could antagonize the actions of submaximal concentrations of glucagon. The
      metabolism of palmitate in fasted or diabetic hepatocytes was unaffected by
      either hormone. Ketogenesis from octanoate was also unaffected by hormone
      addition in all cell types. These data are consistent with a locus of hormonal
      regulation at a step prior to beta-oxidation of fatty acid. Glucagon and insulin
      may modulate FFA metabolism by both intrahepatic and extrahepatic mechanisms.

PMID- 157076
TI  - Efficacy of metronidazole in dracunculiasis. A clinical trial.
AB  - In a clinical trial of metronidazole for dracunculiasis (75 cases), the drug was
      effective in giving symptomatic relief but had no preventive or vermicidal
      action. It was well tolerated. No difference was observed in the results of two
      dose schedules (200 mg or 400 mg three times daily for 10 days).

PMID- 157077
TI  - Axillofemoral bypass: a critical reappraisal of its role in the management of
      aortoiliac occlusive disease.
AB  - Two hundred twenty-four consecutive patients (361 graft limbs) who underwent
      bypass grafting with the USCI Sauvage filamentous velour Dacron arterial
      prosthesis for aortoiliac occlusive disease over the 9 year period 1970 to 1979
      are reviewed. Eighty-four axillofemoral (23 percent of patients), 210
      aortofemoral (47 percent of patients), and 67 femorofemoral grafts (30 percent of
      patients) had cumulative patency rates of 72.1, 91.1, and 86.4 percent,
      respectively. Experimental and clinical factors influencing the patency of
      axillofemoral  grafts are discussed, and the concept of an improved porous Dacron
      prosthesis specific for the axillofemoral site is presented.

PMID- 157079
TI  - [An electron microscopic investigation on the submandibular gland of the Japanese
      horseshoe-bat (Rhinolopus ferrumequinum nippon)--histological and histochemical
      studies].

PMID- 157078
TI  - Flow wave form analysis in vascular surgery.
AB  - An analysis of 82 limbs subjected to femoropopliteal bypass grafting demonstrated
      that electromagnetic flow wave forms of the reconstructed vessel are a reliable
      indicator in predicting the outcome of surgery. On the basis of this knowledge,
      postoperative follow-up study of patients who had undergone reconstructive
      surgery was carried out. Early occult occlusive lesions were detected in 5 of 56
      limbs examined, and 3 of these patients underwent successful reoperation with
      satisfactory restoration of blood flow. Follow-up study using flow wave form
      analysis is a useful method of detecting occult changes in arteries and leads to
      early treatment.

PMID- 157080
TI  - Chromatographic differentiation of nicotinamide riboside and 1
      methylnicotinamide.

PMID- 157082
TI  - [The development of the omental bursa in sheep and its significance for the
      topography of the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 157081
TI  - [Morphological and architectural variations of the kidneys in domestic fowls
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 157083
TI  - Ultrastructural and functional correlates of increased luteinizing hormone
      synthesis and secretion in castrated male mice.

PMID- 157085
TI  - The functional structure of the pylorus in the ox.

PMID- 157084
TI  - Light and electron microscopical observations on thyroid cysts in vitamin-A
      deficient guinea pigs.

PMID- 157086
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on the tapetum lucidum fibrosum.

PMID- 157087
TI  - [Blastocyst implantation in the domestic cat. Light and electron microscopic
      study].

PMID- 157088
TI  - Histochemical study of ovarian hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity during
      normal pseudopregnancy in the rat.

PMID- 157089
TI  - Kinetics of the enzymatic pattern in the testis. I. Stage dependence of enzymatic
      activity and its relation to cellular interactions in the testis of the Wistar
      rat.
AB  - The "morphology" of the enzymatic activities of thiamine pyrophosphatase
      (TPPase), acid phosphatases (ACPases), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and
      steroid-3 beta-ol dehydrogenase (St-3 beta-ol DH) has been described using as a
      basis the classification of the seminiferous epithelium of the rat into 14 stages
      as proposed by Leblond and Clermont (1952a, b). It was demonstrated (Figs. 1, 2)
      that 1. the kinetics of the enzymatic pattern is correlated with the
      developmental stages during spermatocyto- and spermiogenesis, and that therefore
      the chemocytostructure, especially of the germ cells, shows characteristic
      changes. 2. the enzymatic pattern yields information on the chemohistostructure
      of the testis, and thus indicates interactions between the germ cells and the
      coordinated somatic cells. This is valid especially for the behaviour of the
      "marker enzymes" TPPase and ACPases. Initially the activity of both enzymes is
      distributed in the cytoplasm: TPPase appears in stage VII in the preleptotene
      spermatocytes, and ACPases appear in stage VII in the pachytene spermatocytes. In
      the following stages the activity of TPPase and ACPases increases and becomes
      more and more concentrated, i.e. from stage IX to XIV and thereafter from stage I
      to XIII in the case of TPPase, and from stage I to XIII in the case of ACPases.
      Finally the enzymatic activity of both TPPase and ACPases is arranged in
      spherical bodies near the nucleus of the spermatocytes. Thus the late pachytene
      and diplotene spermatocytes, as well as the spermatocytes in diakinesis, are
      characterized by deeply stained spherical dots covering the region of the Golgi
      apparatus. Both enzymes disappear during the maturation divisions--parts of the
      cytoplasm of the II-spermatocytes during interphase react weakly positive--,
      reappear in the Golgi region of the newly formed spermatids in stage I, remain
      there up to stage V in the case of ACPases, and up to stage VII in the case of
      TPPase. From stages VIII to XIV TPPase is weakly positive in the Golgi apparatus
      of the elongating spermatids, moving within the cytoplasm from the head region
      towards the tail. Finally they appear in the cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells: (1)
      ACPases appear in the borderline region between the Sertoli cells and the
      elongated spermatids in stages XII to XIV (2) TPPase first appears in the basal
      region of the Sertoli cells in stages XI to XIV, and becomes positive in the
      subsequent stages I to IV as "streamer like" bands from the basement membrane up
      to the heads of the elongated spermatids. Both enzymes disappear gradually during
      stages I to III and IV to V respectively. Stage dependence of ATPase can be
      observed in the apical region of the Sertoli cells around the heads and the
      middle pieces of the elongated spermatids. ATPase appears for the first time in
      stages IX to X, and becomes increasingly more and more concentrated and condensed
      up to the point when the newly formed spermatozoa are released in stage VIII...

PMID- 157090
TI  - Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of the peripheral arterial circulation.
AB  - This review summarizes the principle, advantages, and limitations of Doppler
      ultrasound flowmeters, and discusses the possibilities of applying these systems
      in evaluating the functional state of the peripheral arterial circulation. This
      discussion is not limited to the assessment of blood flow velocity and
      poststenotic arterial pressure with Doppler flowmeters, but includes among other
      things the recordings of flow patterns, the determination of the transit time of
      velocity wave forms, and the imaging of the arterial circulation.

PMID- 157091
TI  - [Multiple hepatic cysts in rat rendered diabetic by streptozotocin and treated by
      islets of Langerhans grafts: the role of streptozotocin].
AB  - This study is based on the investigation by light and electron microscopy of
      hepatic biopsies from 14 rats rendered diabetic by streptozotocin and treated by
      portal embolization of islets of Langerhans. Macroscopically, voluminous
      projecting cysts were observed, sometimes occupying a whole lobe. By light
      microscopy, the cysts were lined with canalicular-type epithelium.
      Ultrastructural studies confirmed the canalicular nature of these cells and cilia
      were frequently observed. The presence of identical cysts in rats rendered
      diabetic by streptozotocin but not treated by embolization proves that this
      product is the agent responsible for the induction of this adenomatosis.

PMID- 157092
TI  - Histochemical localization of adenosine triphosphatase activity in bovine ruminal
      epithelium.
AB  - A fine-structural histochemical technique was used to localize magnesium
      dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase) activity in ruminal mucosa.
      Precipitate appeared on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasmalemma in cells of
      the upper stratum spinosum, the stratum granulosum, and the deepest layer of the
      stratum corneum. This ATPase activity was sensitive to glutaraldehyde fixation
      and possibly to ouabain, but was unaffected by sodium and potassium. The
      preponderance of Mg-ATPase activity in bovine ruminal epithelium may make it
      impossible to detect sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase ((Na +
      K)-ATPase) activity histochemically. A Mg-ATPase activity also occurred in
      mitochondria of the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum. None of the ruminal
      sections hydrolyzed adenosine diphosphate, inosine triphosphate, or beta
      glycerophosphate when these compounds were used as substitute substrates for
      adenosine triphosphate. When adenosine-5'-monophosphate was the available
      substrate, a reaction product appeared in the same layers as Mg-ATPase activity,
      but the reaction product was confined to the intercellular space.

PMID- 157093
TI  - Immune complex disease in guinea pig lungs: elicitation with pigeon serum.
AB  - Immune complex- and T cell-mediated reactions to organic antigens appear to
      contribute to the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in humans. Because
      pigeon serum is one of the reagents used by clinicians to diagnose this disease,
      we assessed its potential to elicit immune complex-mediated pulmonary
      inflammation in guinea pigs. Animals were immunized with different concentrations
      of pigeon serum protein emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, and serums were
      collected at 4-day intervals after the booster injection. The largest amounts of
      tissue-fixing (IgG1) and complement-fixing (IgG2) antibodies to pigeon serum were
      detected in guinea pigs immunized with 1.0 mg of pigeon serum protein 20 to 24
      days after the secondary immunization. Therefore, the responses of these animals
      and of recipients of serum from these animals to aerosol challenge with either
      homologous (pigeon serum) or heterologous (bovine gamma globulin) immunogen was
      investigated. Actively and passively immunized guinea pigs developed pulmonary
      inflammation only after exposure to aerosolized pigeon serum. However, lesions
      were not observed in the lungs of complement-deficient recipients of immune serum
      that had inhaled homologous immunogen. These observations suggest that such
      pigeon serum-elicited pulmonary inflammation in guinea pigs is a manifestation of
      a complement-dependent, humoral-immune mechanism of pathogenesis and thus is
      consistent with an immune complex disease.

PMID- 157094
TI  - Clinical indicators of left main coronary artery disease in unstable angina.
AB  - Two hundred consecutive catheterized patients with unstable angina pectoris were
      reviewed to find clinical and noninvasive indicators of left main coronary artery
      disease (greater than or equal to 50% lesion). Thirty-five patients (17.5% of
      total) had left main coronary artery disease. There were no differences between
      patients with and without left main coronary artery disease in age, sex, results
      of resting electrocardiogram, congestive heart failure, dyspnea during pain,
      duration of longest pain, arrhythmias, response to medical therapy, or other risk
      factors. Crescendo angina pectoris (worsening of pre-existing angina), transient
      ST-segment depression with pain, simultaneous anterior and inferior ST changes
      during pain, and fluoroscopic calcification of the left main coronary artery were
      all significantly more common in patients with left main coronary artery disease.
      However, low sensitivity or low predictive value, or both, limit the usefulness
      of these clinical predictors. Left main coronary artery disease cannot be
      reliably predicted in patients with unstable angina pectoris before coronary
      arteriography.

PMID- 157095
TI  - Autoantibodies and the spectrum of Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - In studies reported recently, the sera of patients with Sjogren's syndrome were
      found to contain precipitating antibodies to nuclear antigens that can be
      identified by immunodiffusion analysis. These precipitating autoantibodies have
      been termed SS-A and SS-B antibodies. We show that identification of these
      autoantibodies helped in establishing the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome in 12
      of 30 patients in whom the diagnosis had not been considered at the time of the
      physician's initial examination. The reasons for this were related to lack of
      spontaneous complaints of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia and
      prominence of symptoms associated with arthritis, myalgia, pulmonary fibrosis,
      and cardiac disease. This study re-emphasizes the importance of multisystem
      disease in Sjogren's syndrome and shows that specific serologic assays for
      autoantibodies aided in diagnosis.

PMID- 157096
TI  - The chronicity of symptoms and disability in Reiter's syndrome. An analysis of
      131 consecutive patients.
AB  - To assess the natural history of Reiter's disease, we evaluated 131 consecutive
      patients at a university clinic or at a community center. One hundred twenty-two
      patients (93%) were available for follow-up at a mean of 5.6 years. The results
      showed that there were no major differences between patients at the two centers;
      at follow-up, 101 (83%) had some disease activity, 27 (22%) had annoying
      symptoms, 42 (34%) had sustained disease activity, 19 (16%) had had to change
      jobs, and 13 (11%) were unemployable; there were no major differences between the
      19 (15%) females and 112 (85%) males or between the HLA-B27-positive (83%) and 
      negative (17%) patients, except for increased prevalence of sacroilitis and
      chronic uveitis in HLA-B27-positive patients; and, at entry, only increased heel
      disease differentiated those destined to have a poor prognosis. Most patients
      with Reiter's syndrome have persisting symptoms that can lead to chronic
      disability.

PMID- 157097
TI  - Ampicillin rash and hyperuricemia.

PMID- 157098
TI  - Temporal and spatial order in biochemical systems.

PMID- 157099
TI  - [Sclero-atrophying and keratodermic genodermatosis of the extremities (apropos of
      3 recent familial cases)].

PMID- 157101
TI  - Preliminary observations on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in the sea urchin
      embryo.
AB  - A method based on the degradation by enzymes and nitrous acid of isotopically
      labelled glycosaminoglycans has been employed to study the synthesis of these
      compounds in normal, animalized and vegetalized sea urchin embryos. According to
      standard criteria, these organisms synthesize dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate,
      hyaluronate and keratan sulfate. The hyaluronate seems to be slightly sulfated,
      it may thus be mucoitin sulfate. The preliminary results obtained suggest a
      conspicuous difference between animalized and vegetalized embryos: the synthesis
      of dermatan sulfate is suppressed in the former, while proceeding normally in the
      latter. The synthesis of heparan sulfate is not affected by our experimental
      conditions, but the isotope incorporation in hyaluronate and in keratan sulfate
      is decreased, more in the vegetalized than in the animalized embryos.

PMID- 157100
TI  - Idiotype-related cellular events during the anamnestic immune response to
      Salmonella typhi in rabbits.
AB  - Himalayan rabbits of a closed colony were immunized with injections of heat
      killed Salmonella typhi and antiidiotypic antibodies against the induced anti- S.
      typhi antibodies were produced in rabbits of the same colony as well as in random
      bred rabbits. Rabbits of the closed colony showed no proliferative response in a
      mixed lymphocyte culture of peripheral blood. Antiidiotypic sera from Himalayan
      rabbits recognized the idiotype in the corresponding immunizing sera alone, while
      one of sera from random-bred rabbits showed a cross-reaction with 8 out of 10
      anti-S. typhi sera of Himalayan rabbits but not with any of 10 anti-S. typhi sera
      of unrelated random-bred rabbits. The cross-reactivity of the antiserum remained
      intact after absorption with unrelated immune precipitates. With this
      antiidiotypic serum the immunizing serum formed a bimodial arc at beta-gamma
      mobility and all other anti-S. typhi sera containing the cross-reactive idiotype
      a single arc at beta mobility. Solubilized immune precipitates of cross-reactive
      idiotype-anti-idiotype reaction could bind radiolabelled lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      from S. typhi, but this anti-LPS activity was not revealed in an isoelectric
      focusing analysis. Gel analysis showed that the cross-reactive idiotype was
      located mainly in the macroglobulin fractions. The idiotype in the serum of the
      immunizing rabbits diminished and then was undetectable following the 2nd and the
      3rd immunizations. When 3H-TdR uptake was examined in a mixed cell culture of
      peripheral blood from immunizing and antiidiotypic rabbits, there was a
      fluctuation in the proliferative response with two peaks occurring at a 4-week
      interval. An analysis of such a proliferative response was carried out by
      separating leukocytes and plasma from blood of the immunizing and the
      antiidiotypic rabbits. Mixed culture of cells alone did not produce a
      proliferative response, while culture of cells from the immunizing rabbit
      together with antiidiotypic plasma resulted in a potent reaction, irrespective of
      the presence of plasma from the immunizing rabbit. Presence of cells from the
      antiidiotypic rabbit in the culture inhibited this proliferative response. A
      fluctuation in the proliferative response to antiidiotypic serum was also
      observed with peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from rabbits producing the cross
      reactive idiotype, while the antiidiotypic serum did not stimulate cells from
      rabbits which had been similarly immunized with S. typhi but did not produce the
      idiotype. PBL from the immunizing rabbit where the idiotype production ceased
      following the tertiary immunization were found to suppress definitely the
      proliferative response induced by the cross-reactive idiotype-anti-idiotype
      reaction. The suppressive activity was lost in PBL from the same rabbit after a
      cortisone treatment and the following antigenic stimulation of the animal led to
      reappearance in the serum of the idiotype. These results support the immune
      regulatory model which involves idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions.

PMID- 157102
TI  - Novel pronounced reversible inhibition of phosphofructokinase, glucose 6
      phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucose isomerase by hexacyanoferrate (II).

PMID- 157103
TI  - Allergic contact hypersensitivity to nickel, neomycin, ethylenediamine, and
      benzocaine. Relationships between age, sex, history of exposure, and reactivity
      to standard patch tests and use tests in a general population.
AB  - A study population of 1,158 paid adult volunteers was obtained. Prior to patch
      testing, a history of previous exposure to four allergens also was obtained.
      Prevalence of positive reactions to patch tests was nickel, 5.8%; neomycin, 1.1%;
      ethylenediamine, 0.43%; and benzocaine, 0.17%. Nine percent of women reacted to
      nickel compared with 0.9% of men. There was a strong correlation of nickel
      sensitivity with a history of pierced ears, earlobe rash, and jewelry rash. Ten
      of 12 neomycin-positive subjects used neomycin for one week or longer on an
      inflammatory dermatosis, compared with six of 36 age-, race-, and sex-matched
      controls. By history, 85% were exposed to benzocaine, 48% to neomycin, and 15% to
      Mycolog (ethylenediamine). Of 127 patients referred to clinics for evaluation of
      contact dermatitis, 11% yielded positive tests to nickel, 6.3% to neomycin, 3.1%
      to ethylenediamine, and 1.6% to benzocaine. Data obtained from testing contact
      dermatitis patients are not applicable to the general population.

PMID- 157104
TI  - Tinea versicolor with regard to seborrheic dermatitis. An epidemiological
      investigation.
AB  - This is a retrospective study of 232 patients, and a prospective survey of 48
      patients, regarding susceptibility factors in tinea versicolor, particularly in
      association with seborrheic dermatitis. In both surveys, a higher (10.4%) than
      expected (3.8%) percentage of association with seborrheic dermatitis was found.

PMID- 157105
TI  - Granular layer induction following the topical application of proliferating
      agents.
AB  - Evidence is provided for a possible dermal influence on the epidermis. Topical
      vitamin A stimulates a number of dermal cells with different enzyme reactions,
      and these invade the epidermis at about the time a granular layer is induced in
      mouse tail scale epidermis. N-hexadecane also induced a granular layer formation
      in the tail scale epidermis but the application of this agent only results in the
      invasion of the epidermis by non-specific esterase cells. These non-specific
      esterase cells are present in the follicular zone where a granular layer is
      usually present. It appears that dendritic cells may be responsible for the
      formation of a granular layer and that these cells in some way influence the
      keratinocytes to discharge their lyosomal enzymes and thus form a granular layer.
      It appears unlikely that the dendritic cells actually contribute their own acid
      hydrolases to the cell cytolysis necessary for the production of granular layer.

PMID- 157106
TI  - Immune complex vasculitis in a patient with Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 157107
TI  - The feasibility of replacing antibiotics by quaternary ammonium compounds in
      topical antimicrobial acne therapy.
AB  - Determinations of the minimum inhibitory concentrations for various antimicrobial
      surfactants with reference to the bacteria P. acnes, P. granulosum, and St.
      epidermidis are reported. The results show that quaternary ammonium compounds can
      display minimum inhibitory concentrations corresponding to those of relevant
      antibiotics. With the especially effective substance fractionated
      dimethylcocobenzalkoniumchloride )ARQUAD DMMCD-B), it could be further shown that
      with in vivo application in 70% isopropanol or in an ethanol-containing film mask
      ointment suppression can be obtained of P. acnes, all propionibacteria added, and
      all pilosebaceous duct bacteria which can be cultured under anaerobic conditions.
      The studies may point out a way of replacing antibiotics in the antimicrobial
      therapy of acne by quaternary ammonium compounds.

PMID- 157108
TI  - Five year study of tissue reaction to synthetic sutures.
AB  - Sutures were implanted in the abdominal wall muscles of rabbits and specimens
      recovered at intervals from six month to five years. Tissue reaction around Nylon
      and Dacron was minimal. The reaction of Teflon coated Dacron was increased
      because of shedding of the Teflon. The polypropylene sutures showed fragmentation
      in 4% of the sutures examined and the perisutural formation of bone, cartilage or
      both in 2.6%.

PMID- 157109
TI  - [Studies on thrombolytic therapy for venous thrombosis in the extremities-
      dynamics of plasmin inhibitor and FDP following administration of urokinase
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 157110
TI  - Concurrent feline immune-complex nephritis. Tubular antigen-positive and renal
      amyloidosis.
AB  - We describe tubular antigen-positive immune-complex nephritis in a case of feline
      renal amyloidosis. Amyloid deposition was observed in mesangial area, and
      thickening of capillary walls was shown in the majority of the glomeruli. This
      case was also characterized with typical fluorescent granular depositions of cat
      IgG and C3 along the glomerular capillary walls as seen in human membranous
      glomerulonephritis. The fluorescent pattern of tubular antigen was identical with
      that of IgG and C3. Electron micrograph showed the thickening and irregularity of
      glomerular basement membranes, fusion of foot processes, and deposits of electron
      dense or sometimes translucent materials, mostly in the intramembranous location.
      The causal sequence of the coincidental deposition of amyloid and immune
      complexes is discussed.

PMID- 157111
TI  - Disability outcome and self-assessment of disabled persons: an analysis of 506
      cases.

PMID- 157112
TI  - Race and sex as variables affecting reactions to disability.
AB  - Several aspects of reaction to disability were compared across samples of
      rehabilitation patients which differed in race and sex. Subjects included 28
      black men, 14 white men, 19 black women, and 19 white women who had a range of
      different disabilities and who were patients at a large public hospital and a
      small rehabilitation center in a southeastern metropolis. Losses attributed to
      disability were found to vary for men and women, except that inability to work
      was missed most by all subjects. Only black men emphasized themselves, their
      jobs, and other persons as reasons for their disability. All subjects were most
      likely to cite mystical causes for their disability and to believe that mystical
      sources would most help them to improve.

PMID- 157113
TI  - Spinal cord injury: epidemiologic implications, costs and patterns of care in 85
      patients.

PMID- 157114
TI  - [Anatomo-surgical considerations on the inguinal region. I. The external oblique
      muscle].
AB  - In the light of recent publications where common hernia repair techniques are
      defined as unanatomical and unphysiological, a study of the anatomy of the
      inguinal region has been undertaken layer by layer on cadavers. The first note
      analyses the most superficial layer of the inguinal region, namely the external
      oblique muscle. Having described the dissection technique, the most significant
      data regarding this formation are examined. Although the correctness of the data
      given in anatomy textbooks is confirmed in the majority of cases, study of
      necroptic findings highlights a number of factors which are misunderstood or have
      been insufficiently analysed. Findings included vibices of the external oblique
      aponeurosis, to which no pathogenetic importance is attributed with respect to
      inguinal hernia, as well as the presence of an internal tunic of Lauth's ligament
      which was not easy to strip away from the posterior surface of the external
      oblique muscle and, finally, localization variations of the external inguinal
      ring. The secondary involvement of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
      in the genesis of inguinal hernia is confirmed along with its importance as a
      reinforcement in hernia repair operations, the containment function proper being
      performed by the posterior wall. A subsequent note will deal with this.

PMID- 157115
TI  - [Anatomo-surgical considerations on the inguinal region. II. The internal oblique
      muscle and transverse muscle].
AB  - Following a previous note on the musculus obliquus externus, attention is now
      directed to the obliques internus and the transversus in an assessment of the
      anatomical formations of the groin, in the light of doubts concerning their
      constitution expressed in the recent literature, and in a critical appraisal of
      the hernioplasty techniques proposed. Data from the cadaver, which appear to be
      of particular interest, show muscle-aponeurosis fissures in both the obliquus
      parvus and the obliquus externus; these may be the cause of recurrent hernias.
      The differences in the extent of the muscle and aponeurosis portions of the
      obliquus internus and the greater or lesser area of the trigonum inguinale, which
      is covered by aponeurotic fibres of the transversus, are regarded as important
      factors in the genesis of inguinal hernia.

PMID- 157116
TI  - Quantitative transcutaneous arterial velocity measurements with Doppler
      flowmeters.
AB  - A controlled in vitro and in vivo comparative evaluation of four Doppler
      ultrasonic blood velocimeters was performed to evaluate their ability to measure
      fluid velocity throughout a wide range of flow rates and velocity profiles,
      during both steady and pulsatile flow. The instruments tested were the Versatone
      Bidirectional Doppler M-9, the Sonicaid BV380, the Parks 806 B, and the Delalande
      DUD 400. All instruments responded linearly to velocities of from 5 to 70 cm/s,
      and were accurate to within 5% through a wide range of in vitro changes in
      velocity, pulse frequency, and cross-sectional velocity profile. Quantitative
      velocity measurements and their derivatives are an inexpensive, simple, and
      useful tool in the evaluation conditions of patients with peripheral vascular
      disease, and widespread clinical trials of their value are appropriate at this
      time.

PMID- 157117
TI  - A comparison of rapid-healing prosthetic arterial grafts and autogenous veins.
AB  - The patency rates and healing characteristics during a nine-month period of
      internal velour Dacron grafts, external velour Dacron grafts, and Sparks-Mandril
      grown grafts were compared with autogenous jugular veins when used to bypass
      short segments of the canine femoral artery. Graft thrombosis occurred in three
      of 11 external velour grafts, in six of 11 internal velour grafts, and in three
      of 11 Sparks-Mandril grafts, None of 33 autogenous veins occluded. Graft
      thrombosis was not correlated with the degree of graft healing but rather with a
      hyperplastic proliferative intimal lesion observed at the proximal anastomosis of
      the occluded grafts.

PMID- 157119
TI  - Comparison of the acute toxicity of clioquinol, histamine, and chloroform in
      different strains of mice.
AB  - The oral LD50'S of clioquinol, histamine and chloroform and the intravenous LD50
      of histamine were determined separately in male and female mice of the Tif : MAGf
      (SPF), Tif : MF2f (SPF), C3H/Tif Bomf, DBA2/J Bomf, C57Bl/6J/Bomf and A/J Bomf
      strains. Mice of the Tif : MAGf (SPF) outbred strain and the Tif : MF2f(SPF)
      hybrids tended to be more resistant than the inbred strains, with exception of
      C57Bl/6J/Bomf, which proved least susceptible to the lethal effects of the tested
      preparations. The toxicity of chloroform was more pronounced in the males than in
      the females, and C3H/Tif Bomf proved more susceptible than all other strains. The
      toxicity of clioquinol and histamine was not related to sex.

PMID- 157118
TI  - Correlation of liver growth and function during liver regeneration and
      hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - We have previously studied some parameters of rat liver activity and compared the
      kinetics of cell proliferation (normal growth or after partial hepatectomy) with
      some specific hepatic enzymes. The mutually exclusive relationship between
      division and tissue function, their specific circadian rhythm as well as the
      "chalone effect" have been used to characterize the normal homeostatic regulatory
      mechanism in the liver. The same parameters have been recently determined during
      chemical carcinogenesis. Adult rats, fed long term with diethylnitrosamine (DENA,
      10 mg/kg/day) develop liver carcinoma after 90 days of carcinogen administration.
      The results show that the relationship between the above parameters is
      progressively disturbed during the second month of treatment. A minimum of 4
      weeks of continuous DENA feeding is found to be necessary for the induction of
      liver cancers. Giving the carcinogen for a second month decreases the delay
      before death with cancer. Protracting the treatment after the second month has no
      further effect either on survival or on cancer induction. The mechanism of
      carcinogenesis is explained by postulating that preneoplastic lesions evolution
      would closely depend on the homeostatic control disturbances.

PMID- 157120
TI  - Lifespan studies on male and female mice and rats under SPF-laboratory
      conditions.

PMID- 157121
TI  - [Drug-induced bullous dermatitis - Lyell's syndrome].
AB  - Three section observations of drug dermatitis which had developed against the
      background of treatment of acute respiratory diseases (Lyiell's syndrome) with
      sulphamides, antibiotics, and aspirin are presented.

PMID- 157123
TI  - Psychological and social aspects of the evaluation of acquired hearing
      impairment.
AB  - From the literature, it is clear that handicap secondary to acquired hearing
      impairment has received limited research attention, and that the available
      studies are limited both in their choice of subjects, and in the adequacy of
      their audiological information. However, despite obvious deviations of these
      samples from what is known of the incidence and distribution of acquired hearing
      impairment, the generalisations of the investigators have in most instances been
      continued without comment or reservation by those citing their results. The
      implications of this limited viewpoint are discussed.

PMID- 157122
TI  - Quantifying auditory handicap. A new approach.
AB  - This report describes a new audiovisual test procedure for the quantification of
      auditory handicap (QUAH). The QUAH test attempts to recreate in the laboratory a
      series of everyday listening situations. Individual test items represent
      psychomotor tasks. Data on 53 normal-hearing listeners described performance as a
      function of the message-to-competition ratio (MCR). Results indicated that, for
      further studies, an MCR of 0 dB represents the condition above which the task
      seemed too easy and below which the task appeared too difficult for normal
      hearing subjects. The QUAH approach to the measurement of auditory handicap seems
      promising as an experimental tool. Further studies are needed to describe the
      relation of QUAH results (1) to clinical audiologic measures and (2) to more
      traditional indices of auditory handicap.

PMID- 157124
TI  - Current status of sterilization.
AB  - About 50 per cent of child bearing women in Australia are being sterilized. The
      selection of patients for the procedure requires careful counseling in order to
      avoid the risk of regret. Factors increasing the risk of regret are enumerated.
      Laparoscopy is the most popular method for sterilization, but mini laparotomy is
      a reasonable alternative for patients not having access to skilled
      laparoscopists. Clips and rings provide a greater chance of successful reversal
      of sterilization, and are recommended for use in younger women. The sequelae of
      sterilization are slight, with failure of technique, infection and temporary
      regret being the commonest. Serious psychological or physical sequelae are rare.
      If reversal is required the microsurgical technique is recommended.

PMID- 157125
TI  - Comparison between saphenous vein and Dacron Velour grafts for femoropopliteal
      bypass.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-eight femoropopliteal grafts were performed for
      arteriosclerotic occlusive disease of the femoral artery in a five-year period.
      One group of patients who had 81 saphenous vein grafts was compared with a
      similar group who had 57 Dacron Velour grafts. At three years 90% of the vein
      grafts were patent, compared to 45% of the Dacron Velour grafts. Twenty-seven per
      cent of all patients presented with threatenened limb loss. Amputation was
      averted in all but 5%. Intraoperative flow measurement did not prove to be a
      reliable indicator of long-term patency.

PMID- 157126
TI  - Axillofemoral arterial bypass grafts.
AB  - The results of 24 axillofemoral arterial bypass grafts performed over a five-year
      period are presented. This extraanatomical technique of arterial reconstruction
      is valuable following removal of an infected aortic Dacron graft and for limb
      salvage or severe intermittent claudication in selected poor-risk patients with
      aortoiliac occlusive disease. There were few early patency rate was excellent,
      but the long-term success of the operation is uncertain.

PMID- 157127
TI  - Aortoiliac occlusive vascular disease: a prospective study of patients treated by
      endarterectomy and bypass procedures.
AB  - Aortiliac occlusive vascular disease is very common and very disabling. A
      prospective study of 150 patients with the disease causing severe claudication
      and rest pain was begun in 1972, with a mimimum follow-up period of three years.
      An operative mortality of 2% and hospital morbidity of 14% can be obtained with
      attention to the broad principles of arterial reconstruction and a meticulous
      technique, provided that there is excellent anaesthetic, operative, and
      postoperative support. Severe complications or adverse episodes have occurred in
      44% of patients who continued to smoke after their operation, as opposed to 28%
      in those who stopped. Frequent follow-up visits of 96% of patients have led to
      the early detection of significant vascular disease elsewhere in some patients,
      and this may be of importance in determining the eventual prognosis of this
      serious disease.

PMID- 157128
TI  - A surgical technique for the collection of cervical mucus in the ewe.
AB  - A technique for collecting cervical mucus in ewes is described. By a surgical
      procedure, the cervix was fixed to the ventral abdominal wall to enable mucus to
      be collected continuously into a container attached to the ewe. Mucus was
      collected successfully by this method for up to 14 months.

PMID- 157129
TI  - Inhibition of soluble yeast mitochondria ATPase by ethidium-bromide.

PMID- 157130
TI  - Effect of experimental diabetes and insulin onphosphatidyl-inositol synthesis in
      rat sciatic nerve.

PMID- 157131
TI  - Ca2+ regulated modulator protein interacting agents: inhibition of Ca2+-Mg2+
      ATPase of human erythrocyte ghost.

PMID- 157132
TI  - Specificity of association of a Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase with cholinergic synaptic
      vesicles from Torpedo electric organ.

PMID- 157133
TI  - Cobalt II substitution in the type 1 site of the multi-copper oxidase Rhus
      laccase.

PMID- 157134
TI  - Regulation of rat liver phosphofructokinase levels in Morris hepatomas.

PMID- 157135
TI  - Regulation of phosphofructokinase activity by glucagon in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 157136
TI  - Apparent vasculitis associated with propylthiouracil use.

PMID- 157137
TI  - Primary amyloidosis resembling sicca syndrome.

PMID- 157138
TI  - Relationship of raised atherosclerotic lesions to fatty streaks in coronary heart
      disease and hypertension.
AB  - The abdominal aortas and right coronary arteries removed during autopsies were
      gathered from over 18,000 subjects in 19 location-race groups. Sudanstained
      intimal surfaces were graded for the percent as raised lesions (R) and fatty
      streaks (F). The proportions of all types of lesions (ATL = F + R) that were
      raised (RaL = R divided by ATL) were examined. The difference between the
      observed RaL (in subjects having atherosclerosis-related conditions) and the
      expected RaL (in age-, sex-, and ATL-matched subjects without such conditions)
      measured the excess of RaL, which by inference indicated the tendency for an
      excess of raised lesions to be produced in place of fatty streaks. In cases of
      coronary heart disease (CHD), a large excess of RaL was found consistently on the
      average. The coronary arteries and aortas of hypertensive subjects, compared with
      those of nonhypertensives, had only a small and inconsistent excess of RaL. Both
      CHD and hypertension were characterized by a marked tendency for severe
      involvement by ATL, including extensive fatty streaks, leaving only small
      remnants of normal intima. Some factors (Class A) act to form fatty streaks and
      also to continue advancing them into raised lesions. Once the fatty streaks are
      formed, some new factors (Class B2) convert them into raised lesions. We
      concluded that hypertension is almost, if not entirely, a Class A type of
      atherogenic agent, and that CHD is promoted by exceptionally strong effects of
      both A and B2 types of causation. This conclusion exposes a biological priniciple
      that, if the assumptions of the model are true, is of considerable importance:
      Some of the more important causes of atherosclerosis (Class B causes) begin to
      act only after the fatty streaks have formed.

PMID- 157139
TI  - [Distribution of Mg-activated ATPase activity in the sensorimotor cortex
      (electron-cytochemical study)].
AB  - The localization of Mg-activated ATPase was studied by the lead method. The
      reaction product was seen in the nuclei and nucleoli of the cells. Five types of
      its distribution in the nuclei, typical for different types of cells and
      characterizing their functional activity were distinguished. The reaction to
      ATPase was also determined in the ribosomes, lipofuscin granules and some oval
      areas of the cytoplasma of cellular bodies and axons. The precipitate in the
      brain mitochondria was detected only after the administration of aminazine (15
      mg/kg), i. e. in conditions of increased membrane permeability. The presence of
      ATPase reaction products in axo-dendrite synapses of different types, where it is
      mainly bound with postsynaptical consolidation and reflects the size of zone
      activity contacts, may have a direct relation to the conduction of the nervous
      impulse. The reaction product is also constantly present in the basal membrane of
      blood vessels.

PMID- 157140
TI  - [Leprosy: prevention of physical handicaps by simple technic. Social adjustment
      of the patient].

PMID- 157141
TI  - [Chronic arsenic poisoning].
AB  - A case of chronic arsenic intoxication due to ingestion of contaminated water for
      several years is reported. The main symptoms were keratosis palmaris et
      plantaris, confetti - Like dyschromias in chest, post - necrotic liver cirrhosis
      multiple intraepithelial epidermoid carcinomas and invasive epidermoid carcinoma.
      The epidemiologic study showed high concentration of arsenic in the water of the
      well used by the patient; likewise, chronic arsenicalism was found in the whole
      family and in several neighbors who consumed water from the same well.

PMID- 157142
TI  - [Histamine receptors in the human saphenous vein].

PMID- 157143
TI  - [The vectorcardiographic aspect of left ventricular hypertrophy.
      Echocardiographic and vectorcardiographic correlations].

PMID- 157144
TI  - [Evaluation of the Pipberger program in the probabilistic electrocardiographic
      diagnosis of chronic obstructive pneumopathy].

PMID- 157145
TI  - Blood volume in angina pectoris.
AB  - Blood volume was measured in 60 consecutive male patients with disabling angina
      pectoris undergoing preoperative investigation for coronary bypass surgery. Of
      these patients, 58 had a lower blood volume than predicted. There was a decrease
      in blood volume of 21% (1.3 litres) from the predicted normal value (P less than
      0.001). Seventeen per cent of the patients were on diuretics, 30% were on
      digitalis, and 48% were on beta-blocking drugs at the time of the study. There
      was no correlation between this medical treatment and the deviation in blood
      volume. In patients without signs of myocardial insufficiency the decrease in
      blood volume was most prominent, while in those with an enlarged heart and a
      raised left ventricular preload (at rest) the deviation was less.

PMID- 157146
TI  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with sudden death during marathon racing.
AB  - An experienced marathon runner died suddenly during a competitive race. At
      necropsy, ventricular hypertrophy but no asymmetrical septal hypertrophy was
      found. Histological studies showed features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The
      coronary arteries were normal. We propose that the runner died from myocardial
      ischaemia, precipitated by marathon running on a background of hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy. Excess cardiac work, induced by marathon running in the presence
      of mild congenital cardiac defects, could have contributed to the development of
      the cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 157148
TI  - Relationship between hypertension and angina pectoris.
AB  - 1 Many factors are of importance in the relationship between angina pectoris and
      hypertensive heart disease. Vascular resistance modifies the oxygen supply,
      whereas the oxygen demand is influenced by the systolic and diastolic BPs, the
      diastolic filling time and wall tension, the duration of systole and transmural
      pressure and the sympathetic stimulation to the heart. 2 The treatment of angina
      pectoris in patients with hypertensive heart disease should aim to reduce
      myocardial ischaemia, and it is suggested that beta-adrenoceptor antagonists are
      most suitable, as they reduce BP, heart rate and myocardial contractility and
      thus oxygen demand.

PMID- 157147
TI  - Heart size and function in acromegaly.
AB  - Cardiac size and function was studied in 23 acromegalic patients using
      echocardiography and systolic time interval measurements. Thirteen patients (56%)
      had increased left ventricular mass, and in the 20 treated patients this
      correlated well with the mean of the recent basal growth hormone levels. It is
      suggested that myocardial hypertrophy may regress in proportion to the degree of
      control of growth hormone levels. The ejection fraction was normal in all
      patients except one, and increased left ventricular mass was not associated with
      detectable impairment of left ventricular performance. Thus, most acromegalic
      hearts function normally even when their mass is considerably increased, though
      the long-term effects of this are unknown, Echocardiography will be valuable in
      the serial monitoring of the cardiac effects of acromegaly.

PMID- 157149
TI  - Thiamphenicol and lupus nephritis. The effects of long-term therapy on kidney
      function and pathology: a pilot study.
AB  - NZB x OUW F1 hybrid mice were treated with thiamphenicol at 25, 50 and 250
      mg/kg/day from the time of their first positive antinuclear antibody test until
      their death. Untreated mice fed the same diet served as controls with body
      weight, mortality and renal disease patterns conforming to published reports of
      the biology of the BW mice. Regular testing of urine and bloodm and detailed
      postmortem examinations showed (a) that with increasing drug dose levels heavy
      proteinuria was almost eliminated and blood urea concentrations significantly
      lowered; (b) that in treated and untreated mice moderate to severe anaemia
      developed, apparently unrelated to the degree of uraemia; (c) that changes in
      renal function did not correlate with antinuclear antibody activity, nor did the
      drop in packed cell volume correlate with fixed or free circulating
      antierythrocyte autoantibody positivity; (d) that histological analysis of renal
      changes showed that at the highest dose level glomerular lesions were minimal.
      Thus the prolonged treatment with thiamphenicol reduced the severity of the
      spontaneous renal disease and resulted in a significant extension of lifespan.

PMID- 157150
TI  - The effect of topically applied progesterone on sebum excretion rate.
AB  - There is evidence that anti-androgens may help in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
      We therefore performed a double-blind trial to assess the effect of topically
      applied progesterone on sebum excretion rate. Thirty-eight patients took part in
      the trial which was for 3 months. The preparation had no effect in males.
      However, a significant reduction in sebum excretion rate was found in females,
      the effect being maximal at the end of the second month. There was a significant
      loss of effect at the end of the third month and this was not related to
      deterioration of the progesterone preparation.

PMID- 157151
TI  - An improved rabbit ear model for assessing comedogenic substances.
AB  - A simplified comedogenic assay is described in which test materials are applied
      for 2 weeks to the ears of rabbits just external to the ear canal. Excised tissue
      is thus immersed in water at 60 degrees C for 2 min, yielding a sheet of
      epidermis with microcomedones attached. The magnitude of follicular
      hyperkeratosis is extracted with the stereomicroscope. Sixteen materials were
      evaluated by the new and old model which required histological sectioning.
      Agreement was excellent.

PMID- 157152
TI  - Bone lesions in systemic acne (acne fulminans).
AB  - An 18-year-old West Indian male presented with severe sternal pain and an
      exacerbation of facial acne. Radiographs of the sternum revealed several lytic
      lesions which appeared as hot areas on successive technetium bone scans. Painful
      areas over the right iliac crest and left greater trochanter likewise appeared as
      transient hot areas on successive scans. Histology of affected bone revealed
      reactive changes only. High dose prednisolone provided rapid alleviation of pain,
      which recurred on reducing the dose to less than 10 mg daily. Auto-immune complex
      disease has been considered the most likely aetiological mechanism of systemic
      acne (acne fulminans), but lytic lesions of bone have never previously been
      reported in auto-immune disorders.

PMID- 157153
TI  - The effect of topical crude coal tar treatment on unstimulated hairless hamster
      skin.
AB  - Topical treatment of hairless hamster skin with crude coal tar has been shown to
      induce epidermal thickening, an increased labelling index in the basal cell
      layer, an elevation in NADP-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity
      throughout the epidermis, an increased squame count, comedo formation, and
      atrophy of the sebaceous glands. Ultraviolet light fluorescence microscopy of
      sections of treated skin suggests that the hair follicle is an important route
      for skin penetration by coal tar.

PMID- 157154
TI  - Effect of progesterone on sebum excretion rate.

PMID- 157155
TI  - Sebaceous gland suppression in female acne patients by combined glucocorticoid
      oestrogen therapy [pproceedings].

PMID- 157156
TI  - Cutaneous changes produced by prolonged systemic steroid therapy.

PMID- 157157
TI  - Tryptic proteolysis of coupling factor-latent ATPase from mycobacterium phlei.
      Theoretical modeling of structure-function relationships.
AB  - Trypsin treatment of solubilized coupling factor-latent ATPase from Mycobacterium
      phlei alters its subunit structure and functional properties. This coupling
      factor exhibits ATPase activity following trypsin treatment. Concurrently, both
      the ability of the enzyme to rebind to membranes depleted of coupling factor and
      its capacity for coupled phosphorylation are lost. The native alpha (64 000
      dalton) subunit undergoes limited proteolytic digestion, and the delta (14 000
      dalton) subunit is partially lost. During the course of tryptic  proteolysis, the
      coupling factor molecule may exist in one of ten unique structural state (e.g.
      the native, ATPase-inactive molecule exists in the alpha alpha alpha state).
      Rigorous analysis of the experimental data by theoretical modeling provided
      information concerning the intermediate structural states leading to the fully
      ATPase-activated alpha" alpha" alpha" state under different conditions of trypsin
      treatment. The theoretical models of structure-function relationships that best
      represented the experimental data predicted that the native coupling factor
      molecule contains three copies of the alpha (64 000 dalton) form of the alpha
      subunit, that the alpha" (58 000 dalton) alpha subunit species contributes
      maximally and the alpha' (61 000 dalton) form about half-maximally to ATPase
      activity, that membrane rebinding ability is proportional to the number of native
      alpha subunits in the enzyme, and that at least one native alpha subunit/molecule
      is required for full expression of coupled phosphorylation. These results
      indicate an essential role for the alpha subunit in the regulation of ATPase
      activity and in the ability of the solubilized coupling factor to rebind to
      depleted membranes.

PMID- 157158
TI  - Lipid protein interactions in mitochondria. VII. A comparison of the effects of
      lipid removal and lipid perturbation of the kinetic properties of mitochondrial
      ATPase.
AB  - We investigated the kinetics of mitochondrial ATPase in bovine heart mitochondria
      and submitochondrial particles upon treatment with phospholipase A2, or upon
      addition of n-butanol to perturb the lipid protein interactions. The changes
      observed are the following: (1) Lipid removal or perturbation with butanol is
      accompanied by loss of ATPase activity with decrease of both V and of the KM for
      ATP. (2) There are changes of activation energy of ATPase activity at
      temperatures above the discontinuity normally observed for membrane-bound enzymes
      in mitochondria. In particular, butanol abolishes the discontinuity, and induces
      a constant activation energy of about 32 kcal/mol in the range 8--37 degrees C.
      (3) Butanol modifies the pH dependence of ATPase shifting the pH optimum from
      around 10 to less alkaline values. The optimum for Mg2+ concentrations is
      increased by the solvent. (4) Treatment with phospholipase A2 results in a
      removal of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase, whereas butanol addition prevents
      oligomycin inhibition of ATPase. (5) In beef heart mitochondria, a spin-labelled
      analog of the inhibitor, dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, did not show any change in
      environment upon butanol addition, unlike that found in mitochondria from
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 157159
TI  - Limited proteolysis of coupling factor-latent ATPase from Mycobacterium phlei.
      Effects of different enzymes and modifying agents.
AB  - The activation of the coupling factor-latent ATPase enzyme by tryptic proteolysis
      may resemble the activation of many proenzymes by limited proteolysis. The beta
      (53 000 dalton) subunit of solubilized coupling factor-latent ATPase from
      Mycobacterium phlei was selectively lost in some trypsin-treated samples. Since a
      concomitant loss of ATPase activity was not observed, the beta subunit may not be
      essential for ATPase catalytic activity. Treatment of solubilized coupling factor
      with chymotrypsin rapidly produced an A'-type (61 000 dalton) species from the
      native alpha (64 000 dalton) subunits with partial activation of the APTase
      enzyme. Secondary chymotryptic cleavage yielded an A"-type (58 000 dalton)
      species and a less-active enzyme. Storage of fresh coupling factor samples at 
      20degreeC in the presence of 4 mM MgCl2 with several freeze-thaw cycles resulted
      in loss of ATPase activity without apparent change in alpha subunit structure.
      Storage at 4 degrees C in the presence or absence of MgCl2 both decreased ATPase
      activity and generated A'-type alpha subunit species. Since presence was
      suspected. The peptide bonds first cleaved by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and the
      unknown protease are all apparantly located within the same small segment of
      alpha subunit polypeptide chain.

PMID- 157160
TI  - Stabilization of rat liver mitochondrial F1-adenosine triphosphatase during
      chloroform-induced solubilization.
AB  - 1. Isolation of ATPase from rat liver submitochondrial particles by chloroform
      treatment requires the presence of ATP or ADP during enzyme solubilization. In
      the absence of adenine nucleotides the enzyme activity is very low although all
      protein components of F1-ATPase are released. The low concentrations of ATP or
      ADP required (5 microM) indicate that the high affinity nucleotide-binding sites
      are involved in enzyme stabilization. Other nucleotides tested (ITP, GTP, UTP,
      CTP) were found to be less effective. 2. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      immunodiffusion in agar plates revealed that in the absence of adenine
      nucleotides a fraction of F1-ATPase released by chloroform treatment is split
      into fragments. The part of the dissociated enzyme molecule has a molecular
      weight identical with that of a beta-subunit of F1-ATPase. 3. Dissociation of the
      F1-ATPase molecule could also be prevented by aurovertin. 4. Crude F1-ATPase
      solubilized by chloroform treatment can be further purified by Sepharose 6B gel
      filtration. Specific ATPase activity of the purified enzyme was 90 mumol Pi/min
      per mg protein and the enzyme was composed of five protein subunits (alpha, beta,
      gamma, delta, epsilon) with molecular weights 58 000, 55 000, 28 000, 13 000 and
      8000, respectively. 5. Chloroform-released F1-ATPase from rat liver mitochondria
      displayed immunochemical cross-reactivity with that isolated from beef heart
      mitochondria.

PMID- 157161
TI  - Purification and properties of the latent F1-APTase of Micrococcus lysodeikticus.
AB  - The latent coupling factor (F1)-ATPase of Micrococcus lysodeikticus has been
      purified to homogeneity as determined by a number of criteria including,
      nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, crossed immunoelectrophoresis
      and analytical ultracentrifugation. By inclusion of 1 mM phenylmethyl sulfonyl
      fluoride, a serine protease inhibitor, in the shock-wash step of release of F1
      from the membranes, the spontaneous activation of both crude and purified ATPase
      by endogenous membrane protease(s) can be prevented, thereby yielding a highly
      latent ATPase preparation. Equilibrium ultracentrifugation of the latent ATPase
      gave a molecular weight of 400 000. The ATPase contained five different subunits
      alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and espsilon and their molecular weights determined by
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 60 000, 54 000, 37 000, 27 000 and
      9000, respectively. The subunit composition was determined with 14C-labelled, F1
      ATPase prepared from cells grown on medium containing [U-14C]-labelled algal
      protein hydrolysate. Within the limitations of this method the results
      tentatively suggest a subunit composition of 3 : 3 : 1 : 1 : 3.

PMID- 157163
TI  - Involvement of phosphate-modified ATP analogs in the reactions of oxidative
      phosphorylation.
AB  - Various analogs of adenosine 5'-triphosphate with a modified terminal phosphate
      group have been tested in energy-requiring reactions with intact mitochondria and
      submitochondrial particles. It is shown that the fluorophosphate analog ATP(gamma
      F) is a strong inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration and of energy requiring
      reactions which involve the participation of high energy intermediates, generated
      aerobically by the respiratory chain. On the other hand, ATP(gamma F) does not
      affect the ATPase activity of intact or disrupted mitochondria and is less
      effective in inhibiting ATP-driven reactions. The imidophosphate analog AMP
      P(NH)P also inhibits the partial reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, but does
      not affect ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi. In contrast to ATP(gamma F), it is
      strong inhibitor of both soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPases. The
      biological implication of the complementary effects of ATP(gamma F) and AMP
      P(NH)P on mitochondria-catalysed reactions is discussed while suggesting the use
      of such nucleotide analogs as specific tools for the study of ATP-forming and ATP
      utilizing reactions in mitochondria.

PMID- 157162
TI  - Inactive to active transitions of the mitochondrial ATPase complex as controlled
      by the ATPase inhibitor.
AB  - The hydrolytic and phosphorylation activities of the ATPase complex of bovine
      heart mitochondria are regulated by the ATPase inhibitor of Pullman and Monroy
      [1]. The inhibiting action of the peptide on ATPase activity can be overcome by a
      proton-motive force. Submitochondrial particles that contain the inhibitor,
      either intrinsically or externally added, show a lag that precedes
      phosphorylation. Particles devoid of the inhibitor, of particles that are in an
      'active' state fail to present the lag. Accordingly, the data indicate that,
      prior to the onset of phosphorylation, the ATPase complex undergoes a transition
      to an active state through a process that involves the inhibitor. The transition
      depends on the concentration of ATP, 50 microM ATP giving 50% inhibition of the
      proton-motive force-induced transition.

PMID- 157164
TI  - Sulphydryl groups in photosynthetic energy conservation. V. Localization of the
      new disulfide bridges formed by o-iodosobenzoate in coupling factor of spinach
      chloroplasts.
AB  - 1. Chemical modification by o-iodosobenzoate of soluble chloroplast coupling
      factor 1 (CF1) during heat activation resulted in inhibition of its Ca-ATPase
      activity and in the formation of two new intrapeptide disulfide bridges as
      suggested by: (a) the disappearance of three out of four accessible thiol groups,
      two from gamma and one from a beta subunit as a consequence of CF1 modification
      by o-iodosobenzoate; (b) the total free sulphydryl groups of CF1 were reduced
      from 8 to 4 after modification of CF1 by o-iodosobenzoate. Two groups disappeared
      from beta and two from gamma subunits; (c) a second heating step of CF1 in the
      presence of 10 mM dithioerythritol reversed the inhibition of the ATPase and
      reduced both the newly formed disulfide bridges and those present in native CF1.
      2. Modification of chloroplasts in the light with o-iodosobenzoate resulted in
      the inhibition of photophosphorylation and ATPase. CF1 isolated and purified from
      these chloroplasts had its Ca-ATPase activity inhibited and two new disulfide
      bridges. The total number of free sulphydryl groups was reduced from 8 to 4 and
      three accessible groups disappeared from beta and gamma subunits.

PMID- 157165
TI  - Activation of Thermus phosphofructokinase by monovalent cations.
AB  - The presence of the monovalent cations Tl+, NH+4, K+, Rb+ or Cs+, in decreasing
      order of potency, produce a marked equivalent increase in the specific enzyme
      activity of phosphofructokinase (ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase,
      EC 2.7.1.11) purified from extreme thermophile, Thermus X-1. By contrast, the
      monovalent cations Li+, Na+ or CH3NH+3 produce no detectable catalyitic
      activation at concentrations up to 100 mM. The relative potency of these cations
      suggests that each polypeptide chain in the tetrameric enzyme possesses a
      cationbinding site having tetragonal symmetry and that the protein ligands are
      principally hydroxyl or carboxylate oxygens. Only the enzyme-cation complex and
      not the enzyme by itself exhibits cooperativity with respect to the dependence of
      catalytic rate on the concentration of the substrate, fructose 6-phosphate. In
      the presence of subsaturating but not saturating concentrations of substrate, the
      catalytic activation produced by monovalent cations is also cooperative.
      Exclusion chromatographic measurements indicate that the enzyme remains
      tetrameric at catalytic concentrations in the presence or absence of an
      activating monovalent cation.

PMID- 157166
TI  - On the specific interaction between the lysine-binding sites in plasmin and
      complementary sites in alpha2-antiplasmin and in fibrinogen.
AB  - Plasminogen and plasminogen derivatives which contain lysine-binding sites were
      found to decrease the reaction rate between plasmin and alpha2-antiplasmin by
      competing with plasmin for the complementary site(s) in alpha2-antiplasmin. The
      dissocwation constant Kd for the interaction between intact plasminogen (Glu
      plasminogen) and alpha2-antiplasmin is 4.0 microM but those for Lys-plasminogen
      or TLCK-plasmin are about 10-fold lower indicating a stronger interaction. The
      lysine-binding site(s) which is situated in triple-loops 1--3 in the plasmin A
      chain is mainly responsible for the interaction with alpha2-antiplasmin. The
      interaction between Glu-plasminogen and alpha2-antiplasmin furthermore enhances
      the activation of Glu-plasminogen by urokinase to a comparable extent as 6
      aminohexanoic acid, suggesting that similar conformational changes occur in the
      proenzyme after complex formation. Fibrinogen, fibrinogen digested with plasmin,
      purified fragment E and purified fragment D interfere with the reaction between
      plasmin and alpha2-antiplasmin by competing with alpha2-antiplasmin for the
      lysine-binding site(s) in the plasmin A-chain. The Kd obtained for these
      interactions varied between 0.2 microM and 1.4 microM; fragment E being the most
      effective. Thus the fibrinogen molecule contains several complementary sites to
      the lysine-binding sites located both in its NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal
      regions; these sites are to a large extent.

PMID- 157167
TI  - Some properties of Physarum actinin. A regulatory protein of actin
      polymerization.
AB  - A factor termed Physarum actinin was isolated and partially purified from
      plasmodia of a myxomycete, Physarum polycephalum. When Physarum actinin was mixed
      with purified Physarum or rabbit striated muscle G-actin in a weight ratio of
      about 1 actinin to 9 actin and then the polymerization of G-actin induced, G
      actin polymerized to the ordinary F-actin on addition of 0.1 M KCl. However, it
      polymerized to Mg-polymer on addition of 2 mM MgCl2. The reduced viscosity
      (etasp/C) of the Mg-polymer was 1.2 dl/g, about one-seventh of that of the F
      actin (7.4 dl/g). The sedimentation coefficient of the Mg-polymer was 22.8 S,
      almost the same as that of the F-actin (29.4 S). The Mg-polymer showed the
      specific ATPase activity of the order of 1 . 10(-3) mumol ATP/mg actin per min.
      It was shown that Physarum actinin copolymerized with G-actin to form Mg-polymer
      on addition of 2 mM MgCl2. The molecular weights of Physarum actinin were about
      90 000 in salt-free or slat solutions and 43 000 in a dodecyl sulfate solution.
      The range of salting out with ammonium sulfate was 50--65% saturation, which was
      different from that of Physarum actin (15--35% saturation). Physarum actinin did
      not interact with Physarum myosin or muscle heavy meromyosin. When the weight
      ratio of actinin to actin increased, the flow birefringence of the formed Mg
      polymer decreased, and it became almost zero at the weight ratio of 1 actinin to
      5 actin. ATPase activity reached the maximum level (2.2 . 10(-3) mumol ATP/mg
      actin per min) at the same ratio. On the addition of Physarum actinin to purified
      Physarum F-actin which had been polymerized on addition of 2 mM MgCl2 the
      viscosity decreased rapidly, suggesting that the F-actin filaments were broken in
      the smaller fragments or that they transformed to Mg-polymers. A factor with
      properties similar to Physarum actinin was isolated from acetone powder of sea
      urchin eggs.

PMID- 157168
TI  - [Transmembrane potential formation upon ATP hydrolysis in sarcoplasmic
      reticulum].
AB  - Fluorescent cyanine (diS-C3-(5), diS-C2-(5), diO-C3-(5)) and oxonol (diBA-C4-(5))
      potential-dependent dyes appeared to be extremely effective in detecting and
      studying the potential formed on the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
      under Ca2+ transport When [Ca2+] less than 5 X 10(-7) M ATP hydrolysis leads to
      formation of transmembrane potential (positive inside vesicules) caused by the Ca
      independent ATPase activity. The potential is formed by a monovalent ion,
      presumably by H+, and possibly by Mg2+ ions. Ca-dependent ATPase activation by
      Ca2+ makes the potential to drop sharply and successive Ca2+ transport proceeds
      at low potential value. When Ca2+ has been accumulated by vesicules the Ca
      independent ATPase restores positive potential. The potentials generated by both
      Ca-independent (10--30 mv) and Ca-dependent (-20 divided by -40 mv) ATPases have
      been estimated on the basis of the Nernst's equation with the help of positive
      and negative diffusion potentials formed by MgCl2 and CaCl2 gradients. The Ca2+
      transport is shown not to be due to transmembrane electrophoresis but Ca
      dependent ATPase action. The results suggest quite clearly that Ca-dependent
      ATPase operates as electrogenic Ca2+/H+, Mg2+-exchanger. The functional role of
      Ca-independent ATPase is, possibly, in compensation of charge effects when Ca2+
      ions are passing through the membranes. The model illustrating the
      electrogenicity of Ca-independent and Ca-dependent ATPases action during Ca2+
      transport in SR membranes has been proposed.

PMID- 157169
TI  - Studies of soluble rat liver mitochondrial acid ATPases. II. Structural and
      immunological properties of ATPase 1.
AB  - We described previously the existence of a soluble ATPase activity in rat liver
      mitochondria [1]. The purification and catalytic properties have been described
      [2]. In a continuation of these experiments, we have studied the immunologic and
      structural properties of one molecular form of this enzyme : ATPase I. We have
      prepared the antiserum anti-ATPase I and demonstrated the purity of our enzyme
      preparation by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. An immunohistochemical
      method also confirmed the localization of ATPase I in the soluble fraction of
      mitochondria. The molecular weight of ATPase I was measured by G 100 Sephadex gel
      filtration and was found to be 18,400; electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels
      gave a value of 18,600. The pHi of ATPase I was found to be 7,2. Amino acid
      analysis showed high amounts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine and glycine.
      The molecular weight calculated from the total amino acid residues was found to
      be 17,000. Alanine is the NH2 terminal amino acid. The peptide maps obtained
      after degrading ATPase I with cyanogen bromide or trypsin are in accordance with
      the methionine, lysine and arginine residues we found in the ATPase I molecule.
      ATPase I does not appear to be a glycoprotein.

PMID- 157170
TI  - [Knowledge of synanthropic flies of the family Phoridae (Diptera)].

PMID- 157171
TI  - Status of selected biomaterials for oral and maxillofacial surgery.

PMID- 157172
TI  - Current status of biomaterial's clinical applications in plastic and
      reconstructive surgery.
AB  - The use of biomaterials as replacement parts is not new. The concept has
      fascinated physicians for thousands of years. Using gold plates to reconstruct
      defects in the skull over 3000 years ago constituted the early record in the
      literature of use of biomaterials in implantology. The recent advances in space
      age technology and in clinical biocompatibility has been a major contributing
      factor in introducing new materials for use as implantology polymers. However,
      the ideal implant is still not there, and whenever a major reconstruction is
      required consideration should be given first to the use of autogenous
      substitutes; when that is not available, then we should resort to inorganic
      substitutes.

PMID- 157173
TI  - Preliminary histologic evaluation of a biocompatible mesh for tracheal
      reconstruction.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate a porous Dacron - urethane mesh
      tracheal prosthesis in large dogs with surgically created discontinuous defects
      of the cervical trachea. Some protheses were carbon coated in an attempt to
      improve biocompatibility. Histology was performed on 2 dogs. The mucosa
      regenerated entirely covering the prosthesis. Respiratory epithelium was formed
      over a large central portion of the tracheas.

PMID- 157174
TI  - 15. Prenatal diagnosis, selective abortion, and the ethics of withholding
      treatment from the defective newborn.

PMID- 157175
TI  - 3. Genetic disease as seen on a continuum.

PMID- 157176
TI  - [Stereological study of the absolute total volumes of the structural components
      of the myocardium in hypertrophy].
AB  - Wistar rats weighing 200 g were exposed in a low pressure chamber to daily
      adaptation to altitude hypoxia 8 hours long at an "altitude" of 8000 m. On the
      40th experimental day the weight of the left heart ventricle was 41.5% higher as
      compared to controls. The volumetric and surface density of structural components
      of the myocardium were determined stereologically by light and electron
      microscopy, with their absolute total amounts and surfaces being calculated with
      respect to the ventricle on the whole. The total amount of myofibrila was shown
      to be steadily increased under hypertrophy, while the amount of mitochondria
      remained unchanged. However, the total mitochondrial surface augmented in
      parallel to an increase in the muscular component amount. It is suggested that
      myofibrillar amount and mitochondrial surface area may be viewed as controllable
      parameters in heart hypertrophy.

PMID- 157177
TI  - [Quantitative determination of the epidermal G2-chalonelike factor in rat tissues
      by means of radial immunodiffusion].
AB  - A high-molecular glycoprotein (epidermal G2 chalone) shown to be homogeneous by
      electrophoresis and immunochemistry was isolated from rat skin. It exerts a
      strong tissue-rather than species-specific antimitotic effect on the keratinizing
      epithelium. The paper is concerned with its quantitative immunodiffusion
      determination in some tissues by means of monospecific antiserum. A clear-cut
      correlation between the mitotic index and the epidermal G2 chalone level in the
      mucosa is shown with special reference to vaginal epithelium of rats during the
      estrual cycle.

PMID- 157179
TI  - A study of changes in the spine in weight lifters and other athletes.
AB  - The present study was undertaken in sportsmen of those groups of sports
      activities where weight training exercises constitute a major part of the
      training. Two groups consisting of 25 weight-lifters and 25 track and field
      athletes were studied to find out the effect of sports activities and lifting
      weights on the spine. 84% weight-lifters and 72% track and field athletes
      suffered from varying abnormalities. Incidence of backache in 25 weight-lifters
      was 40% and in 25 track and field athletes 48%. Radiological changes were more
      common in weight-lifters (84%) than in athletes (72%). Reduction in lumbar
      lordosis was found in three cases (12%) in both the groups. Obtuse angle
      deformity of vertebral margins was found in 11 cases (44%) amongst weight-lifters
      and six cases (24%) amongst athletes. Osteophytic formation was found in six
      cases (24%) in weight-lifters and four cases (16%) in athletes. Schmorl's node
      were noticed in five cases (20%) amongst weight-lifters and seven cases (28%)
      amongst athletes. The incidences of spondylosis and Schmorl's node were found
      only in those cases who had been doing weight training exercises for more than
      four years.

PMID- 157178
TI  - [Haemodynamic effects of a ventilatory stimulant (almitrine) in chronic pulmonary
      patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 157180
TI  - A comparison of xenon-133 clearance with electromagnetic flowmeters and an
      indicator dilution method for the measurement of liver blood flow.
AB  - Measurement of liver blood flow has been carried out by three different methods
      in 14 dogs to assess the accuracy of xenon-133 clearance following portal vein
      injection. Electromagnetic flowmetry with flow probes on the hepatic artery and
      portal vein resulted in a mean value of 121.9 +/- 39.3 ml min-1 100 g-1. An
      indicator dilution study utilizing chromium-51-labelled red cells gave a mean
      value of 119.4 +/- 31.4 ml min-1 100 g-1 and the xenon-133 clearance following
      portal vein injection, 120.3 +/- 33.8 ml min-1 100 g-1. One-way analysis of
      variance showed no statistically significant variation between these three
      groups. There was a close correlation between xenon-133 clearance and
      electromagnetic flowmetry and between xenon-133 clearance and the indicator
      dilution technique. These data suggest that xenon-133 clearance following portal
      vein injection gives an accurate assessment of liver blood flow and this
      technique (as well as direct parenchymal injection) can be adapted for clinical
      use.

PMID- 157182
TI  - Contact allergy to methoxsalen.

PMID- 157181
TI  - Sparks mandril, velour Dacron and autogenous saphenous vein grafts in
      femoropopliteal bypass.
AB  - Ninety-nine consecutive vascular reconstructions with femoropopliteal bypass
      performed during 1973--6 have been reviewed. A Sparks mandril was used in 11
      patients, reversed autogenous saphenous vein in 30 and velour Dacron prostheses
      in 58. The indication for operation was severe ischaemia in 79 per cent. The
      overall patency rate at 12 months was 70 per cent for autogenous vein, 46 per
      cent for velour Dacron prosthesis and 18 per cent for Sparks mandril. When the
      distal anastomosis was located above the knee the patency rate was 100 per cent
      and 87 per cent for autogenous vein and velour Dacron graft respectively, while
      the corresponding figures for distal anastomosis below the knee were 58 per cent
      and 11 per cent. At follow-up 60 per cent of the patients showed improvement
      owing to the vascular reconstruction.

PMID- 157183
TI  - Evidence for the differentiation of the tension receptors of the jaw opening
      muscles.

PMID- 157184
TI  - Monitoring 5-hydroxytryptamine release in the brain of the freely moving
      unanaesthetized rat using in vivo voltammetry.
AB  - The possibility of using in vivo voltammetry to monitor 5-hydroxytryptamine (5
      HT) release from brain tissue in freely moving unanaesthetized rats has been
      examined. A potential (+0.2 to +1.0 V) was applied to a micrographite electrode
      stereotaxically placed within a specific brain region and current changes
      following the oxidation of electroactive compounds in the vicinity of the
      electrode tip were recorded. Administration of p-chloroamphetamine (5 mg/kg)
      produced a large increase in current in the striatum and this could be prevented
      by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (150 mg/kg X 2) to deplete brain 5-HT
      or Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) which prevents the uptake of p-chloroamphetamine by 5-HT
      neurones. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) caused a small but long lasting increase in
      current. Stimulation of the median raphe nucleus produced a marked and rapid rise
      in current in the hippocampus but a much smaller one in the striatum. This
      response could also be prevented by 24 h pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine
      (150 mg/kg). Seven days after p-chlorophenylalanine administration raphe
      stimulation again produced an increase in current. Rats under barbiturate
      anaesthesia showed no clear increase in current either after p-chloroamphetamine
      or raphe stimulation, indicating that barbiturates may affect neurotransmitter
      release. The results suggest that 5-HT release can be monitored in the freely
      moving unanaesthetized rat using in vivo voltammetry, and that a moderate
      decrease in brain 5-HT concentration leads to a substantial inhibition of drug or
      stimulation induced release of 5-HT.

PMID- 157185
TI  - Effects of midbrain raphe lesions or systemic p-chlorophenylalanine on the
      development of kindled seizures in rats.
AB  - Previous research has suggested that brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5
      HT) neurons inhibit epileptiform seizure activity. To test further this
      possibility, experiments were performed to determine if brain 5-HT depletion
      would enhance the occurrence and/or magnitude of seizures "kindled" from the
      amygdala or neocortex of rats. Two modes of 5-HT depletion were used: (1)
      radiofrequency heat lesions of the midbrain dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and
      (2) systemic injection of the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine
      (pCPA). Both modes of 5-HT depletion reliably enhanced the strength of motor
      convulsions kindled from the cortex. Systemic pCPA also reduced the duration of
      after-discharges (ADs) in cortically-stimulated rats. However, pCPA reduced
      rather than enhanced convulsions kindled from the amygdala. In contrast to this,
      raphe lesions appeared to sensitize rats to the effects of amygdaloid kindling,
      i.e., lesions lowered AD thresholds, AD durations and number of ADs to elicit
      motor convulsions. Viewed together, these data support the hypothesis that 5-HT
      neurons can serve to inhibit seizures. However, the lack of robustness across
      parameters of epileptogenesis as well as discrepant findings related to 5-HT
      depletion mode additionally suggest that kindled seizures affect other neuronal
      populations in addition to those under serotonergic influence.

PMID- 157186
TI  - [Blood pressure and mesenteric blood flow in rats during the infusion of biogenic
      amines. Effect of supralethal irradiation].
AB  - The action of biogenic amines (noradrenaline, dopamine), infused at different
      concentration into the aorta of the urethane anesthetized control and irradiated
      rats for 2 min., was followed on the basis of systemic blood pressure and
      mesenteric blood flow. The mesenteric blood flow was measured by means of an
      electromagnetic flow meter. The changes observed i.e. after dopamine an increase
      in pressure and flow, after noradrenaline an increase in pressure and a decrease
      in flow with an increase after infusion had been stopped, correspond to those
      obtained in larger animals. In many, but not in all cases, the response is
      proportional to the log of the concentration of the amine infused. Irradiation
      with 2 kR, i.e. a dose which causes the animals to die from the gastrointestinal
      syndrome after 3 days, modified the response to dopamine and noradrenaline. The
      changes are, for noradrenaline, a greater pressure and a lower flow responses and
      for dopamine a greater pressure response at low and middle doses.

PMID- 157187
TI  - [Immediate effects of desoxycorticosterone of vasomotor properties of
      noradrenaline and isoprenaline in rats].
AB  - In the rat, desoxycorticosterone (3 to 10 mg p. kg) does not modify the systemic
      vasoconstriction provoked by noradrenaline even in presence of an excess of
      sodium chloride. This mineralo-steroid reduces the vasodilatation induced by
      isoprenaline. Sodium chloride in excess potentiates this inhibition.

PMID- 157188
TI  - [Proprioceptive feedback and temporal regulation in cats].
AB  - Temporal regulation in cats was studied using operant conditioning techniques;
      milk was delivered according to either a two-lever response duration schedule or
      a two-lever DRL schedule. After an equal number of experimental sessions, the
      subjects on the DRL schedule reached larger delay values than the subjects on the
      response duration schedule. Hypotheses concerning the intervention of
      proprioceptive feedback in the temporal regulation of motor behavior are
      discussed.

PMID- 157189
TI  - [Relationship between lipemia and sensitivity to arachidonic acid in rabbits].
AB  - The hypotensive effect of arachidonic acid in the rabbit increases simultaneously
      with the fall of the plasmatic unesterified fatty acids (NEFA), after treatment
      with nicotinic acid or heparin. In the case of nicotinic acid sensitization,
      which occurs in 10 minutes, the fall of NEFA occurs immediately. The
      sensitization by heparin appears only after 40 minutes following the injection;
      during this latency, the NEFA are enhanced; after the fall of NEFA, the rabbit
      becomes more sensitive to arachidonic acid. Mechanisms of heparinic sensitization
      are discussed.

PMID- 157190
TI  - [Hypotensive action of arachidonic acid, slow acting analphylactic substance (SRS
      A) and thromboxane A2 in rats].
AB  - In the rat, diethylcarbamazine, imidazole and L 8027 do not modify the
      hypotensive activity of PGE2 and arachidonic acid. The formation of SRS-A from
      arachidonic acid does not compete with the synthesis of PG in the cardiovascular
      system of the rat. The thromboxane A2 does not participate in the hypotensive
      activity of arachidonic acid in the rat.

PMID- 157191
TI  - [Effect of age on the sensitivity of mouse spermatogonia to mutagenic action].
AB  - Male BALB/c mice were whole body exposed to 0, 100, 200 or 300 R of X-rays or
      were given an i.p. injection of 5 mg/kg of thio-TEPA at 3 months or at 12 months
      of age. One hundred days after treatment the testes were examined for the
      presence of reciprocal translocations induced in spermatogonia and detectable in
      the dividing spermatocytes. Our results show that ages does not influence the
      yield of scorable chromosome rearrangements.

PMID- 157192
TI  - [Transport of metanephrine in vitro in rat renal cortex].
AB  - In vitro, accumulation of metanephrine is described in renal cortex of the rat
      (tissue/medium ratio greater than 5). This accumulation is saturable and energy
      dependent.

PMID- 157193
TI  - [Effect of exogenous progesterone and estradiol on the process of embryonic
      implantation in lead intoxicated female mice].
AB  - Exposure of female mice to high doses of lead from the first day of pregnancy
      inhibits embryonic implantation. Animals exposed to 0.5% of lead in diet received
      injections of progesterone and estradiol, from day 4 to day 7 or from day 5 to
      day 8 of pregnancy. Such treatments induced implantation in respectively 50 and
      80% of the mice. In controls, implantation was observed in 60% of the animals. In
      animals exposed to lead but not hormone-treated, no implantation was observed.
      The inhibition of implantation caused by lead seems thus to be due mainly to an
      action of this metal on the hormonal balance of the exposed mother, and this
      confirms our earlier results.

PMID- 157194
TI  - [Lead toxicity in mice embryos].
AB  - Administration to female mice before coitus and to pregnant female mice of an
      alimentation containing 0.1 p. 100 lead acetate imparied the fertility. Studies
      on the changes of the ultrastructure of the embryos during the first stages of
      development do not allow to detect lesions unless on day 7 where lead inclusions
      are detected in the mitochondria.

PMID- 157195
TI  - [Recent histophysiological data on the moto innervation of neuro-muscular
      spindles].

PMID- 157196
TI  - [Inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis of C3H/f mice with broparestrol].
AB  - Administration of bromotriphenylethylene to C3H/f female mice implanted with a
      pituitary under the kidney capsule produce an inhibition of mammary
      carcinogenesis with high doses (20 ppm or 200 ppm in the diet). With a diet
      containing 2 ppm no inhibition is observed.

PMID- 157197
TI  - [Comparison of the sweating rate under thermal constraint equivalent at rest and
      during exercise].
AB  - Subjects exposed to tolerable thermal constraints of equal intensity at rest and
      during exercise start sweating at lower mean body temperatures during exercise
      and the sweating rate increases faster during exercise than at rest.

PMID- 157198
TI  - [Kinetic properties of an alkaline phosphatase from honeybee intestine determined
      by a new rigorous algebraic method].
AB  - The Hill-parameters : max. velocity (VM), affinity constant (K) and resultant
      reaction order (n) of an alk. phosphatase (Mol. Weight 100 to 130,000) from guts
      of foraging worker-bees, have been calculated according to new algebraic
      equations allowing a rigorous determination without any extrapolation. The
      parameters determined from 2 strains of the same race, at 3 years interval, do
      not differ, and the Hill coefficients (n) are significantly lower than 1, namely
      : n = 0.621 +/- 0.014 (3 detn.) and n = 0,600 +/- 0,016 (t detn.) which suggest
      the hypothesis of a negative cooperative mechanism.

PMID- 157199
TI  - [Effect of thyrocalcitonin and an alpha blocking agent in the secretion of
      amylase, in vitro, on rat parotid and pancreas].
AB  - Porcine Calcitonin, together with an alpha adrenergic blocking agent, stimulates
      amylase release from rat parotid or pancreas, in vitro. A beta blocking agent,
      propranolol, inhibits this effect. In pancreas only, the coupling of stimulus by
      calcitonin and phenoxybenzamine involves calcium control.

PMID- 157200
TI  - [Effect of haemolysin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells].
AB  - Haemolysin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exerts toxic effects upon the metabolism of
      Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells : morphological changes appear readily ; respiration
      is inhibited more slowly ; the lethal effect determined by intraperitoneal
      injection of tumor cells is neutralized. Inhibition with human normal sera is
      complete for the hemolytic action, but incomplete for the cytopathic action.

PMID- 157201
TI  - [Effect of porcine calcitonin on human blood platelet aggregation in vitro].
AB  - Porcine calcitonin used in vitro increases ADP and collagene induced aggregation
      in human platelets.

PMID- 157202
TI  - [Organ culture of human skin using dermis from cadavers].
AB  - An original method for organ culture of human skin epithelial cells using as a
      support human skin grafts obtained from the Human tissue Band of "C.H.R. de
      Bordeaux" is described. Methods and results of this technic which seems to
      represent a forward step relative to traditional practices are exposed.

PMID- 157203
TI  - [Nycthemeral variations of blood and urine urea, creatinine and total proteins in
      rats].
AB  - The present study evidences blood and urine urea, creatinine and total proteins
      circadian variations in 50 male rats. Venous blood is sampled at behind socket
      sinus once a week at different hours (8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 2 and 5) and urines
      are collected during 4 consecutive six hours periods in animals living in
      metabolism cages (8-14, 14-20, 20-2, 2-8). Blood three nitrogen substances
      circadian variations bring out the decrease at 17 h and increase at 23 or 2 h.
      Urinary excretion variations curves shows, in all cases, an increase more than
      40% during the nightly periods. The influence of feeding rhythms on the blood and
      urine three derivates circadian rhythms is discussed. Moreover, night diuresis
      increase and urea and creatinine urinary remarkable constancy suggest water,
      solutes and macrosolutes transglomerular pathway nightly increase existence. Urea
      (+ 40%) and creatinine (+ 30%) clearance nightly significative increase confirms
      glomerular filtration circadian variations and its nightly increase.

PMID- 157204
TI  - [Effect of Bacillus Callmette Guerin (BCG) on the receptivity of nude mice to
      Schistosoma mansoni].
AB  - "Nude" mice are injected intravenously with 1 mg live BCG each. Pulmonary
      schistosomules, counted 5 days after infestation with Schistosoma mansoni
      cercaria are observed to be fewer in injected mice than in non-injected controls.
      This show that BCG immunostamulation can be obtained when mature T lymphocytes
      are absent.

PMID- 157205
TI  - [Correlation of structural and ultrastructural modifications of the renal cortex
      with water, sodium and protein excretion in rats rendered hypertensive by
      perinephritic constriction by collodion].
AB  - Water, sodium and proteins renal excretion in with collodion Page's method
      hypertensive rats is compared with that of same Wistar strained control rats.
      Blood pressure of treated animals (n = 16) is 193.1 Hg mm (138 in control rats).
      Urinary flow increases from 19.5 to 33.7 ml/24 h (+ 72.8%), sodium excretion from
      29.6 to 37.5 mg/24 h (+ 26.7%) and total proteins excretion from 23.5 to 63 mg/24
      h (+ 169%. This data are correlated with the renal cortex morphological changes
      with photon and electron microscope. Severe damages are seen in Bowman's capsule
      and in glomerular copruscules, especially at the epithelial layer level.
      Important proteic pools occur within tubular lumen. Proximal tubular epithelium
      seems normal. On the other hand, distal tubular epithelium seriously scales. So,
      important water, sodium and proteins excretion increase in our experimental
      hypertension model can be explained. It is also discussed about functional and
      structural modifications analogy in our model's rats and in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHB).

PMID- 157206
TI  - [Development of seminiferous tubules in guinea pigs during puberty].
AB  - The study of development of the seminiferous tubules of the guinea-pig along the
      puberty is based on diameter, length and volume relate to testicular weight and
      age. During this period the development is linear. A correlation exist between
      testicular testosterone concentration and growth of seminiferous tubules in
      diameter and in length from day 16 to 60, stage of puberty in which the first
      spermatozoa appear.

PMID- 157207
TI  - [Chronic vascular catheterization in the rat. Adaptation to injections and semi
      continous blood sampling for hormonal studies].
AB  - A method for frequent sampling of blood and injections of fluids in undisturbed
      rats is described. The right external jugular vein and the left carotid artery
      are cannulated without completely blood stream interruption in the vessel.
      Injection or perfusion can be performed during several weeks. Blood was collected
      for at least 15 post-operative days. The technique appears suitable for pituitary
      kinetics studies which can be carried out several times in rats bearing
      indwelling catheters.

PMID- 157208
TI  - [Effect of dietary protein levels on the amount of blood free amino acids in
      lambs].
AB  - Growing lambs were fed increasing amounts of nitrogenous matter (12 to 20 per 100
      on dry matter basis). Free amino acid and urea levels were measured in blood of
      37 kg lambs. When crude protein content of diets exceeded 16 per 100, the
      catabolism of several essential amino acids increased. Methionine, lysine and
      histidine seemed to be limiting for growing lambs.

PMID- 157210
TI  - [Chronic ethanol intoxication in mice by the pulmonary route. Its use in the
      study of tryptophan penetration into the brain].
AB  - Pulmonary ethanol absorption produces homogeneous intoxicated mices within a
      week. Intoxication is evidenced in the increase of plasmatic, hepatic and
      cerebral gamma-glutamyl-transferases. An increase of blood-brain-barrier
      permeability for tryptophan is not observed as in acute intoxication.

PMID- 157209
TI  - [Modification of neurosecretory cells in the preoptic nucleus of tench (Tinca
      tinca) and of various plasm ions following an elevation of water temperature].
AB  - Temperature increasing in water is responsible in Tench of on activity decrease
      in neurosecretory cells of preoptic nucleus, and of an increase in sodium
      plasmatic concentration. Influence of parameter is discussed.

PMID- 157211
TI  - [Post-natal development of hematocrit in calves].
AB  - This study was carried out on 470 veal calves fed only with milk. Calves with
      haematocrit value before slaughter higher than 39.0, from 32.5 to 34.5 and lower
      than 25.0 has red, pink or white meat. Comparison between haematocrit of newborn
      and 3 months old calves showed two separate situations : decrease of haematocrit
      for values at birth higher than 38.9 and increase for values lower than 32.3.

PMID- 157212
TI  - [Lethargic hypothermia induced by a protein free diet in a hibernating rodent,
      the dormouse (Eliomys quercinus L.)].
AB  - In garden dormouse protein deficiency leads to reversible hypothermic torpor,
      comparable with that provoked by starvation or occuring naturally during
      hibernation, whether the diet consists wholly of apples or of synthetic protein
      free food. Torpor induced by protein deficiency occurs even though the energy
      requirements of the animal are amply satisfied. These phases of lethargy occur
      after a certain delay and with a variable frequency, both of which vary with the
      ambient temperature.

PMID- 157213
TI  - [Divergent selection for the rapid acquisition of conditioning in Drosophila
      (Drosophila melanogaster)].

PMID- 157214
TI  - [Central origin on the excito-motric action of morphine on intestine].
AB  - In ewew fitted with a cerebro-ventricular cannula and equipped with extra
      cellular bipolar electrodes on the antrum and proximal small intestine, an
      intraventricular injection of morphine at a dose (40 micrograms/kg) ineffective
      peripherally was followed within 1 min by an increased spike activity of the
      duodenum without disruption of the occurrence of migrating myoelectric complexes.
      This effect was paralleled by a reduction of antral motility and abolished by
      small intraventricular doses of nalorphine. After an intravenous injection of
      large doses of the drug drug (0.8 mg/kg), spike activity was increased at both
      jejunal and duodenal level without changes in the antrum and followed by a long
      lasting disorganization of the motor profile. The results suggested a centrally
      mediated gastro-duodenal effect of morphine.

PMID- 157215
TI  - [Effects of chlorpromazine on hypertension by desinhibition in dogs: comparison
      of intravenous and intracisternal administration].
AB  - The tensional effects of intravenous and intracisternal chlorpromazine were
      studied in neurogenic hypertensive dogs by desinhibition and bilateral vagotomy.
      Intravenous (2-5 mg/kg) chlorpromazine corrected instantaneously the rise in
      blood pressure after desinhibition, but was inactive on tachycardia.
      Intracisternal (0.5-2 mg/kg) chlorpromazine was always inactive in the
      desinhibited dog. These results exclude an intervention from baro -- or chemo --
      receptors and central sympathetic structures (alpha adrenergic or dopaminergic
      receptors). They show that the hypotensive effect of chlorpromazine is a
      peripheral mechanism.

PMID- 157216
TI  - [Development of equilibrium of glial populations in the cerebral cortex of lead
      intoxicated rats].
AB  - The three types of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia) were
      counted at 2 different ages in normal and lead intoxicated animals (on a 0.5%
      Pb2+ diet) and were found to vary differently with respect to age and lead
      treatment. Satellisation of nerve cells by glia also displays a different pattern
      : whereas usually at 3 month age, the neurons are surrounded by oligodendrocytes,
      they appear more often encapsulated by microglia after lead treatment. It is
      postulated that changes in glial populations and their relationship to nerve
      cells could provide a sensitive indicator of lead encephalopathy.

PMID- 157217
TI  - Calcium binding in cardiac sarcolemma.
AB  - The relationship between calcium binding and ATPase activity has been
      investigated for guinea pig cardiac sarcolemma. The concentrations of calcium
      ions and of ATP were the main factors in determining the amount of calcium bound.
      With a saturating concentration of ATP, at low calcium concentrations (0.1 mM)
      more than 50% of the total calcium bound was ATP dependent while at high
      concentrations of calcium (10 mM) only 20% of the calcium bound was ATP
      dependent. The ATP-dependent calcium binding process involves one class of
      calcium binding sites while the non-ATP-dependent calcium binding process
      involves two classes of binding sites. Inhibitor studies of Ca2+-stimulated
      MgATPase, MgATPase, and CaATPase activities suggest Ca2+ and Mg2+ are either
      interacting with different sites on the same enzyme or with different enzymes.

PMID- 157219
TI  - Down's syndrome in the offspring of young parents: evidence for an x-borne
      dominant mutation?

PMID- 157218
TI  - Susceptibility pattern in vitro of the penicillinase-producing Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae strains.

PMID- 157220
TI  - Summary of task force report on occupational respiratory disease
      (pneumoconiosis).

PMID- 157221
TI  - Position paper on "withholding treatment".

PMID- 157222
TI  - Phase II evaluation of chlorozotocin in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 157223
TI  - Ultrastructure and ATPase activity of the rectal gland of the chondrichthyean
      fish Hydrolagus colliei (Holocephali).
AB  - The anatomy, histology, ultrastructure and ATPase activity of the intramural
      rectal gland of the chondrichthyean Hydrolagus colliei, are described. The cells
      of the rectal gland of Hydrolagus demonstrate the same well developed lateral and
      basal cisternae, elongate mitochondria and luminal border as those of their
      elasmobranch counterparts. ATPase activity within the rectal gland of Hydrolagus
      is as intense as that in a number of elasmobranchs examined in the course of the
      study. Despite its primitive intramural location the rectal gland of Hydrolagus
      represents a homolog of the more specialized and better known elasmobranch gland
      and appears as well suited for cation excretion.

PMID- 157224
TI  - Partial purification of a bone-resorbing factor elaborated from human allogeneic
      cultures.

PMID- 157225
TI  - Nonsensitized lymphocytes produce leukocyte interferon when cultured with foreign
      cells.

PMID- 157226
TI  - The human LT system. V. A comparison of the relative lytic effectiveness of
      various MW human LT classes on 51Cr-labeled allogeneic target cells in vitro:
      enhanced lysis by LT complexes associated with Ig-like receptor(s).

PMID- 157227
TI  - Linear density gradient separation of human lymphocyte subsets. II.
      Characterization of cells responding in secondary MLC and CML.

PMID- 157228
TI  - Managing child patient behavior. A review of the literature relative to the
      dental undergraduate teaching situation.

PMID- 157229
TI  - [Proposed new technic for aortic valve substitution with plastic surgery of the
      aortic wall. I. Surgical technic. Preliminary work].

PMID- 157230
TI  - [Experimental research on the turnover of sulfomucopolysaccharides in the gastric
      wall after vagotomy. I. Functional aspects].

PMID- 157231
TI  - [The handicapped student].

PMID- 157232
TI  - [Sleep and monoamines: differential radioautography of central neurons after
      systematic injection of tritiated 5-hydroxytryptophane (5 HTP 3H) or of
      dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA 3H)].
AB  - In normal cats 90 min. after the intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg of 5 HTP and 3H
      5 HTP or DOPA and 3H DOPA a few reactive nerve cell bodies were identified by
      radioautography. On the contrary, 48 hrs. after p-chlorophenylalanin or subtotal
      lesion of raphe nuclei, these tracers showed numerous reactive neurons inside or
      outside the central monoaminergic systems.

PMID- 157233
TI  - [Inhibition of Escherichia coli F1 soluble ATPase by endogenous subunit].

PMID- 157234
TI  - [Spectrum of amidase activity in a mutant of Brevibacterium].
AB  - Brevibacterium R 312 has a fairly non-specific amidase. Following the loss of
      this enzyme by mutation, the following enzymatic activities could be
      demonstrated: hydrolysis of urea, formamide, nicotinamide, L-glutamine,
      glycinamide and L-alpha-amino amids.

PMID- 157235
TI  - The Croydon Workshop for the parents of severely handicapped school age children.
AB  - A multidisciplinary team of professionals met the parents of 18 severely
      handicapped children for a series of 10 evening sessions. All children were
      between 5 and 11 years of age and included six Downs, six non-communicating and
      six children with rare syndromes or no known diagnosis. The professionals
      provided practical advice and couselling. They did not adopt one exclusive
      approach such as behaviour modification, but employed a variety of ideas drawn
      from several theories of learning and from personal experience. The workshop as
      well received by both parents and professionals, with an average attendance of
      80%. The paper also discusses some of the organizational problems of parent
      workshops.

PMID- 157236
TI  - The regional child assessment centre: the process of referral of cases.
AB  - The various sources of referral to a Regional Child Assessment Centre are
      enumerated. The question of referrals from paramedicals, education and social
      services and from parents are discussed.

PMID- 157237
TI  - Sanfilippo B syndrome (MPS III B): mild and severe forms within the same sibship.
AB  - Clinical heterogeneity for Sanfilippo B syndrome (MPS III B) in the same family
      has never been reported previously. We describe two clinically severe cases and
      one clinically mild case of MPS III B in a Neapolitan sibship. We could not
      detect N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase activity in the sera of either the severe
      or mild cases. Mucopolysacchariduria mainly due to heparan sulfate excretion was
      consistently high in the severely affected patients and extremely variable in the
      mildly affected one.

PMID- 157238
TI  - The role of IgM rheumatoid factor in experimental immune vasculitis.
AB  - The effect of IgM rhematoid factor (RF) on reversepassive cutaneous Arthus
      reaction in rats was studied. The RF was obtained from the serum cryoglobulin of
      a patient with symptoms of purpura, arthralgia and digital gangrene. The
      cryoglobulins was of IgG-IgM type and when given i.v it induced a prompt
      hypocomplementaemia in experimental animals. The purified RF also induced low
      serum complement levels when injected i.v. along with complexes of non-complement
      fixing, aggregated IgG. A reverse passive Arthus reaction was induced by
      intradermal injection of IgG anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA), followed by an i.v.
      dose of antigen (Ag). The cutaneous inflammatory reaction was aggravated by
      simultaneous administration of IgM RF intradermally, but not by IgM without
      antibody (Ab) properties. Intradermal injection of low concentrations of non
      complement-fixing IgG anti-BSA, along with normal human IgM, followed by i.v.
      injection of BSA, resulted in a complete lack of cutaneous inflammation. At
      higher Ab concentrations there was only a mild inflammation. However, when IgM RF
      was substituted for normal IgM and injected with non-complement-fixing anti-BSA,
      an effective reverse passive cutaneous Arthus reaction and vasculitis was
      induced. The inflammatory response was greatly suppressed by decomplementation of
      animals by cobra venom factor. This study provides evidence favouring an
      inflammatory, complement-dependent role for RF in vasculitis.

PMID- 157239
TI  - Quantitative assessment of the effects of platelet depletion in the autologous
      phase of nephrotoxic serum nephritis.
AB  - The effects of platelet depletion with antibody have been studied in two models
      of the autologous phase of nephrotoxic nephritis in the rabbit. In the
      'telescoped' model (animals pre-immunized to sheep IgG injected with sheep
      nephrotoxic antibody), platelet depletion did not alter intraglomerular fibrin
      deposition or evidence of glomerular damage, but did significantly reduce
      proteinuria during the first 3 days of the 5 day experiment. In the 'passive'
      model (animals injected with hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to sheep IgG 48 hr
      after sheep nephrotoxic antibody and killed 3 hr later), platelet depletion was
      associated with significantly fewer intraglomerular polymorphonuclear leucocytes
      (PMN), but again did not alter intraglomerular fibrin deposition. The results
      indicate that platelets are involved in the initiation of glomerular PMN
      localization in the autologous phase, but that fibrin-induced glomerular injury
      is platelet-independent.

PMID- 157241
TI  - Pharmacological profile of a new coronary vasodilator drug, 2-nicotinamidoethyl
      nitrate (SG-75).
AB  - 1. In anaesthetized, open-chest dogs, 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75)
      administered intravenously (0.3-1 mg/kg) or intraduodenally (3 mg/kg) produced
      decrease in systemic blood pressure, coronary resistance, heart rate and an
      increase in coronary sinus outflow, but virtually no change in myocardial oxygen
      consumption and atrioventricular conduction. The effects of SG-75 administered
      intraduodenally emerged within a few minutes after dosing and lasted over about 1
      h. 2. In isolated, blood-perfused sino-atrial node preparations of the dog SG-75
      administered into the sinus node artery decreased slightly sinus rate at the dose
      which doubled blood flow through the artery. 3. In isolated, blood-perfused
      atrioventricular node preparations of the dog SG-75 administered into the
      atrioventricular node artery did not impair atrioventricular conduction even in
      doses which increased blood flow through the artery to more than twice the basal
      level. 4. In isolated, blood-perfused papillary muscle preparations of the dog SG
      75 administered into the anterior septal artery scarely affected force of
      contraction of the papillary muscle at the dose which doubled blood flow through
      the artery, although in further large doses it produced a transient decrease in
      the force of contraction. In extremely large doses it produced ventricular
      fibrillation. 5. In anaesthetized, open-chest dogs in which cardiac input was
      kept constant SG-75 (0.01-1 mg/kg) administered into the ascending aorta
      increased venous return without changing systemic output. 6. 2-Nicotinamidoethyl
      alcohol, a denitrated compound of SG-75, had no vasodilator action in doses
      comparable to those of the parent compound. 7. These results indicate SG-75 to be
      a potential antianginal drug having no cardiodepressant actions but having
      properties uncharacteristic of the nitrates.

PMID- 157242
TI  - Ambulatory gynecologic surgery.

PMID- 157243
TI  - Gallium accumulation in intramuscular injection sites.

PMID- 157245
TI  - [Controlled clinical evaluation of the therapeutic activity of 3 antiulcer agents
      in peptic ulcer: carbenoxolone, proglumide and zolimidine].

PMID- 157244
TI  - Diagnosis of an abdominal aortic graft abscess by combined ultrasonography and
      scintigraphy.
AB  - A case of an abdominal aortic graft abscess is presented to demonstrate a
      diagnostic approach using 'B' mode ultrasonography and gallium scintigraphy.

PMID- 157246
TI  - Basal ganglia calcification in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Basal ganglia calcification has been observed in autopsy material of 7% of
      children suffering from Down's Syndrome. The incidence of this finding in the
      general neurological population is approx. 0.3%. The present report is the first
      case of Down's Syndrome with basal ganglia calcification diagnosed in life by
      computed axial tomography. This case illustrates that dense basal ganglia
      calcification can exist with no signs or symptoms of a movement disorder.

PMID- 157247
TI  - Building a new life: handicapped baby.

PMID- 157248
TI  - Indoor gardening for handicapped people.

PMID- 157249
TI  - Contact dermatitis from hydrazine derivatives.
AB  - A 36-year-old man who worked at a chemical factory manifested contact dermatitis
      due to hydrazine derivatives. Thirty workers out of 130 in this factory were
      suspected of contracting contact dermatitis on exposed areas. Aminoguanidine
      hydrochloride, a blender for chicken feed, and the precursor and intermediate
      products of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, a herbicide, were found to be allergens for
      this contact dermatitis.

PMID- 157250
TI  - Primary irritant dermatitis from topical clioquinol.
AB  - During the 2-year period 1976--1977, seven patients were studied with primary
      irritant dermatitis from topical preparations containing clioquinol. During the
      same period contact hypersensitivity to the compound was recorded in 35 eczema
      patients. Six of the seven patients with clioquinol irritancy had used creams
      containing 3% large crystal clioquinol and fluorinated steroids. One patient had
      used 6% small crystal clioquinol cream. Challenge tests with 3% small crystal and
      large crystal clioquinol creams showed that crystal size did not affect the
      appearance of irritant dermatitis.

PMID- 157251
TI  - Discoid eczema as a consequence of contact with irritants.

PMID- 157252
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from Desmophen, a polyether alcohol.

PMID- 157253
TI  - Contact allergy to the epoxy hardener isophoronediamine (IPD).

PMID- 157254
TI  - Contact allergy to Cardura E, an epoxy reactive diluent of the ester type.

PMID- 157255
TI  - Urticaria from rats.

PMID- 157256
TI  - Allergy to dipentene in paint thinner.

PMID- 157257
TI  - Ostertagiosis in captive bison in New York State: report of nine cases.
AB  - Type II ostertagiosis was found at necropsy in 9 American bison (Bison bison)
      from 3 farms in New York. Clinical signs included severe diarrhea, emaciation,
      unthrifty coats, anemia, and weakness. In severely affected animals, the
      macroscopic abomasal changes consisted of irregular thickening and edema of the
      mucosa, resulting in a pebbly or morocco-leather appearance. Microscopically,
      many gastric pits and glands were dilated, lined by hyperplastic epithelium, and
      contained nematode sections or debris. Parasites recovered included Ostertagia
      ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus lerouxi, Cooperia oncophora,
      Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus helvetianus, Trichuris discolor, Setaria
      labiato-papillosa, Dictyocaulus viviparus, Hypoderma lineatum, and Sarcocystis
      sp. Nodules in the small and large intestine were attributed to Oesophagostomum
      sp. Trichostrongylus lerouxi, Trichuris discolor, and Nematodirus helvetianus are
      reported from bison for the first time.

PMID- 157258
TI  - A genetic approach to producing oxygen affinity differences.

PMID- 157259
TI  - The chest radiograph: a systematic approach to interpretation for the internist.

PMID- 157260
TI  - Summer.

PMID- 157261
TI  - Generalized perforating granuloma annulare: a case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A nineteen year old girl with mongolism and generalized perforating granuloma
      annulare of the lower legs is presented herein. Skin biopsy specimens showed
      dermal necrobiosis and epidermal perforation. The literature is reviewed and
      summarized. The lesions have been characterized as small, often umbilicated
      papules occurring in large numbers on the extremities.

PMID- 157262
TI  - Cutaneous inoculation tuberculosis: prosector's wart occurring in a physician.
AB  - Cutaneous inoculation tuberculosis may occur either a primary or secondary
      infection. When the condition occurs in medical or laboratory personnel after
      contact with tuberculous material the term "prosector's wart" is often used. A
      case is reported in a physician following trauma during an autopsy on a
      tuberculous patient.

PMID- 157263
TI  - Annular pompholyx.
AB  - The common manifestation of pompholyx is easily recognized by the clinician.
      Morphologic variants are known in which the predominant lesions are pustules or
      desquamation with or without erythema. A patient is described herein whose
      eruption was composed mainly of arciform, annular, and target-like vesicles.
      Pompholyx (bubble) is a preferred term because "dyshidrosis" denotes a
      dysfunction of sweating, which does not occur in this condition. The causes of
      this eruption have not been determined, but it is likely that a certain genetic
      predisposition and multiple environmental factors are responsible. Pompholyx
      should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eruptions with annular
      pattern.

PMID- 157265
TI  - Co-parenting: an outgrowth of a boarding home program for handicapped children.

PMID- 157264
TI  - Treatment of acne with 5% benzoyl peroxide gel or 0.05% retinoic acid cream.
AB  - In a parallel group comparison of a 5% benzoyl peroxide gel with a 0.05% retinoic
      acid cream, in moderate facial acne vulgaris, significantly more patients in the
      benzoyl peroxide group experienced overall excellent results than did those in
      the other group. Both medications, however, were effective in reducing the
      numbers of both inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions. The benzoyl peroxide
      gel appeared to produce a more rapid effect on inflammatory lesions than did
      retinoic acid, and produced significantly less peeling.

PMID- 157266
TI  - Monoamines and sexual behaviour in non-human primates.
AB  - The experiments described were concerned with elucidating the involvement of
      monoamines in the sexual behaviour of rhesus monkeys. The measurement of
      perturbations in the levels and turnover of the acid metabolites of serotonin and
      dopamine in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid, occurring in response to hormonal
      manipulations which alter proceptivity and receptivity, has not clarified the
      ways in which hormones and amines interact. However, the use of psychoactive
      drugs which alter the activity of monamine neurons in the brain has demonstrated
      that sexual activity can be profoundly influenced by such procedures. Thus,
      depletion of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in the brain using p
      chlorophenylalanine reversed the decrease in proceptivity that followed
      adrenalectomy. Conversely, inhibition of serotonin uptake using chlorimipramine
      reduced proceptivity and receptivity to very low levels. Both findings point to
      the apparently important role of serotoninergic neurons in the control of sexual
      behaviour. Low doses of the dopamine agonist alpha-bromocriptine enhanced the
      proceptivity of female rhesus monkeys but high doses had no such effect. This
      behavioural change was not related to the concomitant suppression of serum
      prolactin and may have been related to presynaptic actions of the drug in a
      manner postulated to explain similar behavioural effects in rats. The beta
      blocker oxprenolol had the interesting property of improving the sexual
      performance of male rhesus monkeys, a behavioural effect consistent with an
      anxiolytic action, although endocrine (prolactin, cortisol) measures did not
      provide support for such a view. Defining the nature of the interaction between
      hormones and monoamine-containing neurons in the brain in behavioural contexts is
      shown to depend largely on the application of precise neuroanatomical and
      neuropharmacological techniques. However, the use of systemic treatment with
      psychoactive drugs used widely in clinical practice, in carefully controlled,
      behavioural and and endocrine experiments, is likely to provide invaluable
      information on where and how to investigate the neural mechanisms involved.

PMID- 157267
TI  - [Effect of hydrocarbons on reconstruction of the Ca2+-transport functions in
      membrane preparations of Ca2+-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum].

PMID- 157268
TI  - [Down's syndrome. Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis].

PMID- 157269
TI  - [Ultraviolet rays].

PMID- 157270
TI  - Influence of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone on blood pressure, saline consumption,
      and serum electrolytes, corticosterone, and renin activity.
AB  - Young, unilaterally nephrectomized, female Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily
      sc injections of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone acetate (19-nor-DOCA) in oil at a
      dosage of 100 micrograms/day for 21 days and twice that amount for a further 11
      days. One group drank distilled water and another drank 1% NaCl solution.
      Comparable control groups received oil injections. Another group received DOCA at
      the same steroid dosage and drank saline. Both 19-nor-DOCA-treated groups rapidly
      became hypertensive and developed cardiac hypertrophy, as did those given DOCA
      and saline. Saline consumption was greater in rats receiving 19-nor-DOCA, than in
      those given DOCA. Rats injected with 19-nor-DOCA and given water to drink showed
      enhanced growth and developed thymus enlargement and displayed hypokalemia and a
      reduction in both serum renin activity and corticosterone concentration. Plasma
      sodium concentration was not affected by any form of treatment. Clearly, 19-nor
      DOCA is a potent mineralocorticoid and hypertensogenic agent. Since the parent
      steroid is known to be present abundantly in the urine of rats with regenerating
      adrenal glands, although circulating amounts have not yet been ascertained in
      that circumstance, it may be etiologically involved in adrenal regeneration
      hypertension, which such rats are prone to develop.

PMID- 157272
TI  - The provision of transport for the handicapped.

PMID- 157271
TI  - New evidences for participation of biogenic monoamines in androgen-dependent
      sexual differentiation of hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion in rats.
AB  - Corpora lutea have been found in the ovarian tissue transplanted into the
      anterior ocular chamber of castrated two-month-old male rats receiving on 3rd
      through 7th post-natal days alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine or p-chlorophenylalanine.
      Administration of these agents in combination with testosterone propionate to
      newborn female rats prevented essentially development of the anovulatory syndrome
      and maintained a normal picture of vaginal smears, ovarian and uterine structure
      as well as cyclic changes of adenohypophyseal and blood plasma lutropin contents
      and normal levels of estradiol and progesterone in the blood plasma except of
      progesterone level in animals receiving alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. The preventive
      effect of the adrenoblocking agents droperidol and propranolol was weak and
      inconstant. Results suggest participation of catecholamines and serotonin in the
      androgen-dependent sexual differentiation of the brain in rats.

PMID- 157273
TI  - Transport ergonomics and design education.

PMID- 157274
TI  - Fiber composition, fiber size and enzyme activities in vastus lateralis of elite
      athletes involved in high intensity exercise.
AB  - In order to determine the influence of an extensive history of participation in
      high intensity activity on muscle fiber type, fiber size, and metabolic profile,
      elite ice hockey players were selected for investigation from three different
      leagues. Biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained from
      different groups of players prior to and following the season and compared with
      control subjects. No significant differences were found in the percentage (49.6
      vs. 43.8%) or the size of the ST fibers between the elite athletes and the
      control group, nor was there any significant alteration following the season of
      play in these variables. For the FT fiber subgroups, a reduction in the FTb (12.2
      vs. 3.9%) and an increase in FTa (38.0 to 45.2%) fiber populations occurred over
      the season. Similarly, increases in fiber area were observed for both FT
      subgroups pre to post season. Of the enzymes studied only 3-hydroxyacyl CoA
      dehydrogenase was elevated in the post season measures, while total phosphorylase
      and phosphofructokinase were significantly lower. The metabolic pattern exhibited
      does not appear to be substantially different from what would be expected from an
      untrained group of similar fiber distribution.

PMID- 157275
TI  - Intracellular localization of exogenous beta-glucuronidase in cultured skin
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The intracellular localization of exogenously supplied human platelet beta
      glucuronidase in cultured skin fibroblasts derived from a beta-glucuronidase
      deficient patient was studied. Four cellular fractions were obtained by
      differential speed centrifugation. Following two days of incubation, the
      exogenously supplied enzyme exhibited a distribution pattern identical to that of
      endogenous beta-hexosaminidase. Disruption of membranes by freezing and thawing
      caused a 35% increase of the enzyme activity, thus indicating a latent activity
      following the internalization. This indicated localization in the lysosomal
      fractions. Longer incubation periods led to an intracellular shift of the
      engulfed enzyme from the lighter lysosomal fraction to heavier particles. Once
      located in the heavier fraction, the enzyme was relatively stable, and
      participated in the catabolism of 35S-labeled mucopolysaccharides which had
      accumulated in the lysosomes of these fibroblasts. A marked reduction in the
      accumulated mucopolysaccharides of the lysosomal fraction was observed following
      addition of the enzyme. This was accompanied by the formation of smaller sized
      molecules.

PMID- 157276
TI  - 3' Esters of ADP as energy-transfer inhibitors and probes of the catalytic site
      of oxidative phosphorylation.
AB  - 1. A large series of 3' esters of ADP has been synthesized. Several of these can
      serve as photoaffinity labels; others exhibit fluorescent properties. The
      corresponding AMP and ATP derivatives have also been synthesized in some cases.
      2. The influence of the 3'-O-acyl nucleotides on energy-linked functions of beef
      heart submitochondrial particles has been investigated. The following results
      were obtained. a) 3'Esters of ADP are powerful and highly specific inhibitors of
      oxidative phosphorylation. The inhibition is competitive to ADP and Ki values as
      low as 0.05 microM, for the 3'-O-(1)naphthoyl ester of ADP, could be observed. b)
      The inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by 3' esters of ADP appears to be non
      competitive versus inorganic phosphate. c) The nucleotide analogs are not
      phosphorylated themselves. The corresponding ATP analogs can not drive energy
      linked process. d) The 3' esters of AMP are ineffective as inhibitors, whereas
      the ATP derivatives are only comparatively weak inhibitors. e) Uncoupled or
      solubilized ATPase is almost two orders of magnitude less sensitive against
      inhibition by 3' esters than coupled systems. The analogs exert maximal
      inhibition specifically in systems involving an 'energized' state of the coupling
      device. f) Azido-group-bearing analogs can be used for irreversible
      photoinactivation of the coupling ATPase. Photoinactivation also is most
      efficient when carried out with 'energized' particles. g) The inhibitory
      properties are similar also in ATP-driven NAD+ reduction by succinate, and in the
      uncoupler-sensitive ATP in equilibrium with Pi exchange. The required
      concentrations for half-maximal inhibition are somewhat higher than in oxidative
      phosphorylation, but lower than with uncoupled ATPase. 3. From molecular models,
      from substituent properties, and from the conditions required for inhibition it
      is concluded that these highly effective analogs of ADP may act as conformation
      specific probes at the catalytic site of oxidative phosphorylation. The results
      are interpreted in terms of a model suggesting that, in the process of ATP
      synthesis, a hydrophobic cavity on the enzyme is exposed only in the energized
      state, accepting the large 3' substituent. The substituent is assumed to inhibit
      phosphoryl transfer and/or conformational transitions inherent in the process of
      ADP phosphorylation by steric hinderance.

PMID- 157277
TI  - Properties of the F0F1 ATPase complex from Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores,
      solubilized by Triton X-100.
AB  - 1. A cold-stable oligomycin-sensitive F0F1 ATPase complex from chromatophores of
      Rhodospirillum rubrum FR 1 was solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified by gel
      filtration. 2. The F0F1 complex is resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      electrophoresis into 14 polypeptides with approximate molecular weights in the
      range of 58000--6800; five of these polypeptides are derived from the F1 moiety
      of the complex which carries the catalytic centers of the enzyme. 3. The purified
      F0F1 complex is homogeneous according to analytical ultracentrifugation and
      isoelectric focusing. 4. The molecular weight as determined by gel filtration is
      about 480 000 +/- 30 000. S020,w is 1.45 +/- 0.1 S and the pI is 5.4. 5. The
      amino acid composition of the F0F1 complex is compared with the data obtained for
      the F1 moiety of the enzyme. 6. Quantitative data on the sensitivity to N,N'
      dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide as well as kinetic parameters, regarding substrate
      specificity and dependence of ATPase activity on divalent cations, are reported.

PMID- 157279
TI  - Recognition of team goals: an essential step toward rational decision making.

PMID- 157278
TI  - Mitochondrial ATPase complex of Aspergillus nidulans and the
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein.
AB  - The dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein of Aspergillus nidulans has been
      identified as the smallest subunit of the mitochondrial ATPase complex, and has a
      molecular weight of approximately 8000. It is extractable from whole mitochondria
      and from the purified enzyme in neutral chloroform/methanol, contains 30% polar
      amino acids, and the N-terminal amino acid has been identified as tyrosine. Using
      a double-labelling technique in the absence and presence of cycloheximide,
      followed by immunoprecipitation of the enzyme complex with antiserum against
      Neuospora crassa F1 ATPase, it has been shown that this subunit is synthesized on
      cytoplasmic ribosomes.

PMID- 157280
TI  - Systematic parent training through a home based model.

PMID- 157281
TI  - Further studies on the role of cholinergic mechanisms in the development of
      increased naloxone potency in mice.
AB  - Using the abdominal constriction response in mice, it was shown that pretreatment
      with either pilocarpine (5.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or oxotremorine (0.05--0.10 mg/kg s.c)
      caused a small but significant potentiation of the antinociceptive effect of
      morphine and the antagonistic action of naloxone. The potentiation of naloxone
      was considerably augmented following pretreatment with morphine plus either
      pilocarpine (2.5--5.0 mg/kg) or oxotremorine (0.05--0.10 mg/kg) as compared with
      any of these drugs given alone. Pretreatment with atropine sulphate (2.0 mg/kg,
      s.c.) had no effect on naloxone potency nor on the antinociceptive activity of
      morphine, but somewhat reduced that of pilocarpine and oxotremorine. Atropine
      abolished the ability of morphine pretreatment to enhance naloxone potency, and
      greatly reduced the augmenting effect of morphine plus the muscarinic receptor
      agonist drugs. It was also shown that oxotremorine reduced the development of
      dependence on morphine as tested by naloxone-precipitated jumping. These results
      agreed well with those reported using anticholinesterase drugs and add further
      evidence that the cholinergic system does play a role in the development of
      increased naloxone potency caused by morphine pretreatment. The increased
      naloxone potency does not seem to be related to the development of "acute
      dependence" on morphine.

PMID- 157282
TI  - Placental barrier against circulating immune complexes. A study in pregnant
      guinea pigs using maternal injection of horseradish peroxidase soluble immune
      complexes.
AB  - It is not rare that the so-called immune complex diseases (some of which were
      recently supposed to be induced by the biological effects of circulating antigen
      antibody immune complexes) are concomitantly present in pregnant females. But
      there have been very few reports of congenital immune complex diseases.

PMID- 157283
TI  - Automated image analysis for measurements of morphological reactions of blood
      vessels of the microvascular system.
AB  - Using a modification of the Mg-ATPase reaction, the arterial blood vessels of the
      microcirculatory bed of the rat including the smallest precapillary vessels are
      visualized in a grey-level difference against their environment which permits to
      utilize the automatic image analyser QUANTIMET 720 and the programmable desk-top
      calculator HEWLETT-PACKARD 9100B. The article describes the method for preparing
      the sections, the measuring procedure, and the statistical verification of the
      results by means of the computer assisted two-way analysis of variance as well as
      studies demonstrating the reliability of the method. It is concluded that the
      procedure at heart, skeletal muscle and pancreas specimens of the rat
      demonstrates reliably and effectively changes of the number of vessels and the
      projected whole vessel wall area as well as differences of enzyme activities.
      Thus it is possible to detect structural wall reactions and enzyme histochemical
      changes of arterial blood vessels of the microvasculatory bed including its
      smallest precapillaries which have been practically inaccessible to
      histomorphometrical investigations in the past.

PMID- 157284
TI  - Normal liver actually possesses a high vascular plasminogen activator activity.
AB  - Blood vessels isolated from the liver of the rat, guinea-pig, rabbit, dog and pig
      showed histochemically a more or less high plasminogen activator activity. In
      whole liver sections, the abundant release and diffusion of inhibitors of
      fibrinolysis from the liver parenchyma during the histochemical procedure,
      partially or totally mask this high vascular activity.

PMID- 157285
TI  - Relation between fibrinolytic activity and prostacyclin generation of
      atherosclerotic artery and dacron prosthetic graft.
AB  - The newly formed tissue of dacron vascular prosthetic grafts implanted in humans
      demonstrates prostacyclin generation and fibrinolytic activity comparable to that
      of the atherosclerotic artery in the vicinity. This provides some evidence that
      both activities important for haemostasis run parallel.

PMID- 157286
TI  - Proteolysis of the delta subunit is required for release of the Ca2+, Mg2+
      activated ATPase from the cell membrane of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 157287
TI  - Reconstitution of the Mg2+-ATPase of the chromaffin granule membrane.

PMID- 157288
TI  - [Determination of the goods turnover plan intensity based on the intensive
      factors of pharmacy economic activities].

PMID- 157289
TI  - [Biological characteristics of the gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et
      Zucc.) and its content of shikonin when grown in Moscow Province].

PMID- 157290
TI  - [Determination of the demand for drugs used for the prevention and treatment of
      rheumatism in Pyatigorsk].

PMID- 157291
TI  - [Nikolai Stepanovich Dubinin].

PMID- 157292
TI  - [Decrease in the frequency of muscle spindle discharges during muscle
      stretching].
AB  - When studying responses of 500 muscle receptors to stretching of the m. triceps
      of the cat deafferented hindlimb, 23 cases revealed a transient decrease in the
      firing rate (DFR) of muscle spindles' receptors. The DFR occurs in the same
      receptor at different forms and rates of stretching approximately at the same
      area of stretching ("the DFR area"). When increasing the rate of stretching, the
      DFR effect is enhanced. The DFR effect seems to be due to a short-lasting
      unloading of the spindle area which contains the receptor terminals. The
      unhomogenous structure of the extrafusal muscle as well as various mechanical
      properties of the intrafusal muscle fibers can provide necessary conditions for
      the above effect.

PMID- 157293
TI  - [Physiologic effects of exogenous histamine on the mucous membrane of the stomach
      and duodenum].

PMID- 157294
TI  - [The role of protease in the ovarian follicle wall at ovulation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 157295
TI  - The role of dental auxiliary personnel in dentistry for the handicapped.

PMID- 157297
TI  - Inability to hear and speak no handicap for technology students.

PMID- 157296
TI  - Dignity for all.

PMID- 157298
TI  - Here are some strategies for treating 'pedo' patients.

PMID- 157299
TI  - Dental internships: should they be required of all graduates?

PMID- 157300
TI  - [Influence of chalones on the efficiency of cytostatics on the malignant melanoma
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 157301
TI  - Immune complex disease associated with Peroben intake.
AB  - The clinical history and biological investigations of a patient presenting an
      immune complex disease induced by Peroben are reported. Biological signs were
      those of a drug-induced lupus syndrome. A provocation test allowed disclosure of
      its pathomechanism, since during Peroben intake a high C1q binding activity
      occurred and later regressed, while deposits of IgM and C3 were evidenced in the
      vessel walls. Complete or partial thrombosis succeeded accompanying a
      leukocytoclastic vasculitis.

PMID- 157302
TI  - Correlation between the levels of glucose 1,6-diphosphate and the activities of
      phosphofructokinase, phosphoglucomutase and hexokinase, in skeletal and heart
      muscles from rats of different ages.

PMID- 157303
TI  - Observations on the protein activator of erythrocyte membrane (Ca2+ +
      Mg2+)ATPase.

PMID- 157305
TI  - Factors affecting walking in a profoundly retarded population.
AB  - A total of 127 children with profound mental retardation were reviewed to
      determine the age at which walking began. 53 per cent of the children walked at a
      median age of 30 months. Further sub-classification revealed that both the number
      of ambulatory children and their age at walking varied with degree of
      neurological handicap, children with additional neurological problems having a
      higher median age for beginning to walk. The minimal cognitive level required for
      walking remains unknown, but is probably less than generally accepted. In this
      profoundly retarded population, the existence of neurological factors was
      associated with both increased age at walking and with decreased ability to walk.

PMID- 157304
TI  - Long-term outcome in children with temporal lobe seizures. I: Social outcome and
      childhood factors.
AB  - One-hundred children, diagnosed as having temporal lobe epilepsy and reported on
      in 1966, have been followed into adult life. In this 1977 survey they have been
      coded into four social outcome categories, A, B, C and D. A: 33 per cent are
      found to be seizure-free and independent; B: 21 per cent are socially and
      economically independent but are receiving anticonvulsant treatment and are not
      necessarily seizure-free; C: O9 per cent are dependent either on their parents or
      in institutions; D: 5 per cent died under the age of 15. Biological factors
      ascertained and coded in childhood are related to adult outcome. Eight adverse
      factors emerged: an IQ below 90, onset of seizures before 2 years 4 months, five
      or more grand mal attacks, temporal lobe seizure frequency of one per day or
      more, a left-sided focus, the hyperkinetic syndrome, catastrophic rage and
      special schooling. The presence of first-degree relatives with seizure disorders
      was a good prognostic sign. Disorderly homes in childhood did not significantly
      affect adult outcome. All but one of those achieving Group A status had received
      normal schooling. In general, the prognosis for children with limbic seizures is
      clear before the end of adolescence. A simple count of the number of childhood
      adverse factors predicts adult outcome at a high level of significance.

PMID- 157306
TI  - Nerve outgrowth by dorsal root ganglia in vitro: stimulation by inhibitors of DNA
      metabolism in the absence of exogenous nerve growth factor.
AB  - Dorsal root ganglia from 8-day chick embryos can be stimulated to extend nerve
      processes in culture by inclusion of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) in the culture
      medium, in the absence of exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF). The degree of
      stimulation is dose dependent, and is not mimicked by either free cytosine or
      free arabinose. Since Ara-C is known to inhibit DNA synthesis, other inhibitors
      of DNA synthesis were tested. Hydroxyurea, fluorodeoxyuridine, and 3 mM thymidine
      all stimulated nerve outgrowth in the absence of exogenous NGF. In addition,
      bromodeoxyuridine also stimulated nerve outgrowth. In all cases, stimulation was
      observable after 24 h of culture, with maximal outgrowth achieved by 72 h of
      culture. The experimental response was never as large as the response to NGF, but
      was up to seven times greater than control outgrowth. In all cultures, nerve
      processes were characterized by growth cones at their distal tips, colchicine
      sensitivity, and a high tubulin content visualized by immunofluorescence with
      anti-tubulin antibody.

PMID- 157308
TI  - Growth of intraperitoneally transplanted ascites hepatoma, AH39 cells, in the
      area of gelatin sponge inoculation into the abdominal wall of Donryu rats.
AB  - A piece of gelatin sponge was inoculated submesothelialy in the abdominal wall of
      female Donryu rats, and 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, or 21 days later, 1 x 10(5) cells of
      ascites hepatoma AH39 were intraperitoneally transplanted. Tumor cells were
      detected in the area of gelatin sponge inoculation in each group 2 to 5 days
      after the transplantation. Generally, the number of rats in which tumor cells
      were detected was larger in those transplanted with tumor cells within a short
      period after the gelatin sponge inoculation. Changes in the area of gelatin
      sponge inoculation and nontreated area in the rats which received intraperitoneal
      transplantation of the tumor cells on the 1st day after gelatin sponge
      inoculation were studied. Tumor cells were detected in the area of gelatin sponge
      inoculation as early as 2 days after the tumor transplantation, whereas they were
      detected on the 14th day in nontreated areas. Tumor detection was preceded by
      inflammatory reaction in both cases.

PMID- 157307
TI  - Effect of blood, ascites, and tumor cell density on cytocidal action of
      neocarzinostatin.
AB  - Cytocidal activity of Neocarzinostatin (NCS) was analyzed in vitro by using
      cultured and ascitic L1210 cells. NCS shows rapid and typical concentration
      dependent cytocidal action against L1210 cells. The concentration required for
      90% cell-kill (MLD90) and for all 10(6) cell-kill (MIC/10(6)) was 5 x 10(-2) and
      4 x 10(-1) microgram/ml, respectively, when L1210/C cells were exposed to NCS at
      the concentration of 2 x 10(5)/ml in RPMI-1640 medium. When L1210/C cells at the
      concentration of 1.3 x 10(7)/ml were exposed to NCS, cytocidal activity of NCS
      decreased, and MLD90 and MIC/10(6) increased to 1.75 x 10(-1) microgram/ml (3.4x)
      and 2.83 microgram/ml (6.5x), respectively. Also, when a small fraction of whole
      BDF1 mouse blood, red blood cells, or spleen cells was present in the reaction
      mixture, cytocidal activity of NCS appeared to decrease. Furthermore, when washed
      hemorrhagic ascitic L1210 cell suspension was exposed to NCS, 100 times or more
      concentration of NCS was required for 90% cell-kill or all 10(6) cell-kill. The
      effect of plasma or serum on cytocidal activity of NCS was minimum. These results
      indicate that cytocidal activity of NCS is greatly inhibited through contact with
      tumor cells, blood cells, spleen cells, and/or hemorrhagic ascites. This may be
      one of the reasons why L1210 cells, which show high sensitivity against NCS in
      vitro, are less sensitive in vivo. In order to explain these findings, the
      possibility of inactivation of NCS by the cells or reduction of free active NCS
      molecules by the binding or adsorption with the cells is discussed. This
      characteristics in action of NCS should be take into account in clinical use.

PMID- 157309
TI  - Combined effect of BCG and coenzyme Q10 on ATP-ase activity and coenzyme Q
      content in spleen lymphocytes of tumor-bearing rats.
AB  - Effect of BCG, coenzyme Q10, or their combination on ATPase activity in spleen
      lymphocytes of tumor-bearing rats was investigated in relation to changes in the
      content of individual coenzyme Q homologs in these cells. Contents of both
      coenzyme Q9 and Q10 in spleen lymphocytes significantly decreased in the late
      stage of Donryu rats bearing Sato lung carcinoma. Oligomycin-sensitive ATPase
      activity in spleen lymphocytes was also significantly depressed in this stage.
      The depressed, oligomycin-sensitive ATPase activity was significantly recovered
      by a 3-time intramuscular administration of coenzyme Q10 emulsified with ethanol
      and saline, and the decreased contents of coenzymes Q9 and Q10 were slightly
      restored by this treatment. This enzyme activity was also significantly recovered
      by an intravenous administration of BCG, and was elevated more by the combined
      treatment with BCG and the emulsified coenzyme Q10. These results suggest that
      the combined treatment with BCG and emulsified coenzyme Q10 can contribute to the
      improvement of the depressed bioenergetics in lymphocytes of tumor-bearing
      animals, and that this combined effect of BCG and emulsified coenzyme Q10 might
      be based on the combination of their individual activating effect on lymphocytes.

PMID- 157310
TI  - Blastogenic response of spleen cells from C1300 neuroblastoma-bearing mice to
      tumor cells or soluble and insoluble tumor antigens.
AB  - Adult A/J mice inoculated with 1 x 10(6) syngeneic C1300 neuroblastoma cells had
      a palpable tumor after 1 week, and the tumor grew uniformly. The hypertonic KCl
      extract of the tumor induced blastogenic response of syngeneic spleen cells from
      tumor-bearing mice, and tumor antigens were considered to be solubilized by KCl
      from tumor cells. Although a higher blastogenic response to insoluble tumor
      antigens coupled to Sepharose 4B beads could have been expected as demonstrated
      in this mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell reaction (MLTR) assays, the blastogenic
      activity, which was approximately equal to that of soluble tumor antigens, was
      less than one-third of that in MLTR. The initial information of blastogenic
      response was found to be transmitted to the responder cells with out the entrance
      of tumor antigens into the cells by the use of insoluble tumor antigens.
      Blastogenic responses to soluble tumor antigens and to irradiated tumor cells
      (MLTR) in spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice were serially assayed after tumor
      inoculation. The response to soluble tumor antigens reached a peak 2 weeks after
      inoculation but a progressive depression of the responses was observed after a
      marked tumor growth. Although the blastogenic activity of soluble tumor antigens
      was small, changes in consecutive response to soluble tumor antigens in tumor
      bearing mice were well correlated with those in MLTR. The blastogenic responses
      to soluble tumor antigens and MLTR were considered to be the manifestation of
      tumor-specific cell-mediated immunity. Furthermore, the serial blastogenic
      responses to concanavalin-A and lipopolysaccharide were also coincident with
      those of tumor-specific immunity.

PMID- 157311
TI  - [Statistical survey on laparoscopy in gynaecology up to 1977 in the Federal
      Republic of Germany (author's transl)].
AB  - 1385 questionaires were sent to gynaecologists in West Germany. 682 (49.2%) were
      answered anonymously. 302 answers (44.2%) revealed that the gynaecologists did
      not do endoscopy. 265.900 pelviscopies or laparoscopies were included in the
      statistics. The laparoscopies or pelviscopies were done from 1949--1977 by 380
      gynaecologic surgeons or gynaecological departments. In Germany to the end of
      1977 unipolar high frequency current was used for hemostasis in 52%, bipolar high
      frequency current in 42%, and modern endocoaglation in 25% of the departments. In
      240 departments (63%) the five to 8 mm. pelviscope was used. In 124 department
      (33%) the 11 mm. laparoscope was used. In the total of the cases 949 (3.56/1000)
      complications occurred. These required 690 laparotomies (2.59/1000). The cause of
      the complications were injuries to vessels or high frequency current burns. A
      total of 24 (0.09/1000) deaths or 1 death per 11,000 pelviscopies was reported.
      The operative mortality was 13 deaths (0.09/1000) in 140,977 (53%) purely
      diagnostic pelviscopies or laparoscopies, 3 deaths (0.08/1000) in 37,639 (14.2%)
      combined diagnostic and operative pelviscopies and 8 deaths (0.09/1000) in 87,284
      (32.8%) laparoscopic tubal ligations. Since 1974 the operative mortality is less
      than 1:100,000. Since 1973 approximately 30--35,000 pelviscopies are done yearly
      in West Germany.

PMID- 157312
TI  - DL-p-chlorophenylalanine effects in thirteen-lined ground squirrels and golden
      hamsters: evidence for serotonergic regulation of hibernation.

PMID- 157313
TI  - Hepatic and extrahepatic induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in specific
      pathogen free and germ free rats.

PMID- 157314
TI  - [Role of foot mycoses in the pathogenesis of occupational dermatoses of chemical
      etiology].

PMID- 157315
TI  - [Agent for cleansing skin of a binding substance based on phenol formaldehyde
      resins].

PMID- 157316
TI  - [Comparative studies of the postoperative course in women after total
      hysterectomy with full closing of the vaginal stump or preservation of patency of
      the apical opening].

PMID- 157317
TI  - Steroid metabolism in vitro by gonadal tissue from a true hermaphrodite.
AB  - The case of a true hermaphrodite, with a normal ovary and an ovotestis is
      presented. The ovotestis was removed and incubated in vitro with tritiated
      steroids (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone and 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone). Labeled metabolites were isolated and identified. Based
      upon these findings, a pathway of steroid biogenesis in this abnormal gonadal
      tissue is suggested. The ovotestis studied did not contain all the enzymes
      involved in ovarian steroidogenesis: 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,
      isomerase, 17--20 desmolase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were
      present, but other important enzymes, such as 16 and 17-hydroxylases, and
      aromatizing enzyme systems, were deficient or absent.

PMID- 157319
TI  - Discrimination--some answers.

PMID- 157318
TI  - Screening for specific calf thymus inhibitors (chalones) of T-lymphocyte
      proliferation.
AB  - Using agar colony assays with truly proliferating stimulated human T-lymphocytes
      and mouse granulocytes, two ultrafiltrate fractions were obtained from calf
      thymus which preferentially inhibited lymphocyte colony growth: Fraction I in the
      molecular range 1000-10,000 proved to be stable upon heating, prolonged storage
      and lyophilization, whereas Fraction II in the molecular range 10,000-30,000, was
      found to be unstable. Fraction I was also extracted with Tween 80 and
      cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Chromatography of Fraction I on Biogel P6 and
      DEAE-cellulose further increased its specificity of inhibition for lymphocyte
      colony growth and revealed an estimated molecular weight of below 1400. Its
      inhibitory activity was found to be reversible and unlikely to result from
      spermine. Thus the properties of fraction I meet the requirements of a T
      lymphocyte chalone as an endogenous non-cytotoxic and reversible inhibitor of T
      lymphocyte proliferation.

PMID- 157320
TI  - The special ministry in long term care.
AB  - Ministers to mentally ill, chemically dependent, physically handicapped, elderly,
      or retarded persons in long term care must examine their own prejudices, guilt,
      fears, and pain. Only then can they see each patient as an individual who must be
      brought to self-love.

PMID- 157321
TI  - Recurrence of Down's syndrome associated with microchromosome.
AB  - We report a family with five members presenting an extra bisatellited
      microchromosome. Two of them also present trisomy 21. We discuss the relationship
      between trisomy and the extra chromosome.

PMID- 157323
TI  - Tolerance of the myocardium to loads at high mountain altitudes.

PMID- 157324
TI  - Species restriction of the mitogenicity induced by lanatoside C. Lymphocyte
      activation by digitalis glycosides is confined to cells from digitalis resistant
      species.
AB  - Activation of Na+, K+-ATPase has previously been suggested to be the triggering
      signal in mitogen-induced cell activation. Using a digitalis glycoside known to
      be a potent polyclonal B-cell activator, this hypothesis could be tested since
      digitalis activates ATPase at different concentrations in various species,
      depending on the degree of sensitivity to the toxic effects of glycosides.
      Lanatoside C was found to stimulate lymphocytes from glycoside resistant species
      such as rat, mouse and hamster. The possible involvement of Na+, K+-ATPase was
      made less likely by the similarity in dose--response profile in these cells
      although they have been reported to display varying degrees of glycoside
      resistance. Furthermore, using lymphocytes from digitalis-sensitive species such
      as man, guinea-pig or rabbit, no mitogenicity could be recorded, strongly
      suggesting a lack of correlation between glycoside-induced effects on Na+, K+
      ATPase and cell activation.

PMID- 157325
TI  - Onychomycosis and nail dystrophy.

PMID- 157326
TI  - Papillon Lefevre syndrome.

PMID- 157327
TI  - Investigations on sarcolemmal ATPase activities in ventricular tissues of
      swimming trained & sedentary rats.

PMID- 157328
TI  - Peculiarity of temperature sensitivity of carp & rabbit myosins.

PMID- 157322
TI  - Advances in hereditary red cell enzyme anomalies.

PMID- 157329
TI  - The role of serotonin in cerebral oedema.

PMID- 157330
TI  - Peritoneoscopy: a diagnostic aid for separation of hepatic cirrhosis and non
      cirrhotic portal fibrosis.

PMID- 157331
TI  - Fee-for-service physician payment: analysis of current methods and their
      development.

PMID- 157332
TI  - Can fee-for-service reimbursement coexist with demand creation?

PMID- 157333
TI  - Innovative functions of health personnel in other countries: lessons for U.S.
      health planners.

PMID- 157334
TI  - Cost-effectiveness of regionalization: the heart surgery example.

PMID- 157335
TI  - Commentary: some caveats on the use of the Gini index.

PMID- 157336
TI  - Commentary--reply to Travis and Peters: a case of geographic 'normal mystique'.

PMID- 157337
TI  - The human dura mater valve. Fabrication methods.
AB  - We have used a glycerol-treated human dura mater valve as a valve substitute of
      the blood pumps for more than 3 years. In comparative studies, it was shown that
      the dura mater valve is more durable than the glutaraldehyde-treated bovine
      aortic valves, and thought to be a very attractive valve material. Fabrication
      methods both for rigid and flexible stents were introduced.

PMID- 157339
TI  - Adverse reaction following silicone injections.

PMID- 157338
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of a combination of bronchodilators.
AB  - 27 hospitalized patients (15 suffering from chronic bronchitis with evident
      bronchospasm and 12 with extrinsic asthma) were evaluated with regard to the
      bronchodilating effects of a Salbutamol + Ipratropium Bromide combination
      administered by aerosol. For comparison, the bronchial spasmolytic effectiveness
      of both drugs administered separately at therapeutic doses was also evaluated.
      Subsequently, the activity of increasing doses of the combination was studied,
      with particular regard to possible side-effects. The pharmacological combination
      studied exerted a strong bronchodilating activity, independently of dose
      increase, both in asthmatic and in bronchitic patients. No side-effects were
      observed.

PMID- 157340
TI  - Plasma testosterone levels before and after stimulation with HCG in anorchism.
AB  - The authors present four cases of operatively confirmed anorchism. The plasma
      levels of testosterone and 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids and dehydroisoandrosterone in
      urine were low in all cases. After stimulation with HCG, plasma testosterone
      levels increased in two cases and did not change in another two. The levels of 11
      deoxy-17-ketosteroids and dehydroisoandrosterone in urine did not increase.

PMID- 157341
TI  - Experimental glomerular lesions induced by chronic immune complex formation. I.
      Formation and elimination of the immune complex (relationship between the immune
      status and the glomerular changes).
AB  - Chronic immune complex formation was induced in rabbits by daily administration
      of 12.5 g bovine serum. In good antibody producer animals immediate immune
      complex production and elimination from the circulation were demonstrable. This
      was followed within a few minutes by the appearance of free 125I in fairly large
      amounts in blood, as a sign of immediate phagocytosis and disintegration of the
      125I-labelled immune complexes. Phagocytic activity decreased in the host animal
      during chronic heteroprotein administration in every case. The earliest
      glomerular changes were those of exudative glomerulonephritis, the extent of
      which depended on the antibody productivity of the animal. Persistent
      immunocomplexaemia induced by administration of the antigen over 60 and 100 days,
      respectively, resulted in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in 7, in
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 3, and in membraneous
      glomerulonephritis in 1 out of 11 laboratory animals.

PMID- 157342
TI  - Experimental glomerular lesions induced by chronic immune complex formation. II.
      Pathomorphological analysis.
AB  - Eleven rabbits were given bovine serum albumin i.v., in daily doses of 25 mg.
      Renal biopsy was performed on the 30th, 60th and 100th day of treatment and the
      specimens were subjected to light-, electron-microscopic and immunofluorescent
      studies, so as to follow up the dynamics of the glomerular process. Proteinuria
      and the serum creatinine and BUN levels were also measured. By the 100th day of
      treatment mesangioproliferative glomerulopathy had developed in 7,
      membranoproliferative glomerulopathy in 3 cases and membraneous glomerulopathy in
      1 case. On the 30th day of treatment exudative glomerulopathy was demonstrable in
      the majority of the cases (in 9 animals). It is suggested that the earliest stage
      of the various glomerulopathies, regardless of their type, is marked by exudative
      lesions. The heaviest proteinuria was found in membraneous and
      membranoproliferative glomerulopathies. Changes in the serum creatinine and BUN
      levels indicative of a deteriorating renal function were noted in the
      membranoproliferative cases. The results are correlated with clinical
      observations of human glomerulopathies.

PMID- 157343
TI  - [Early scanning electron microscopy changes in the surface of woven dacron vessel
      prosthesis. An experimental study in dogs].
AB  - To evaluate platelet-inhibiting drugs in vivo, we implanted artificial vessels
      into the arterial blood-stream of dogs. Following different periods of normal
      blood-flow through the prosthesis, pieces were cut out and prepared for scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM). Through the SEM we studied surface changes of the
      samples, in particular those of platelets. They very soon loose their disclike
      form becoming relatively spherical and make contact with each other by means of
      pseudopods that are formed at that stage. Red blood cells are caught up in this 3
      dimensional network causing the inner surface of the dacron prosthesis to look
      like an underwatergarden.

PMID- 157345
TI  - Studies on the biosynthesis of the antibiotic streptozotocin (streptozocin) by
      Streptomyces achromogenes var. streptozoticus. Feeding experiments with carbon-14
      and tritium labelled precursors.
AB  - Feeding experiments and chemical degradations have shown that D-[1(-14)C,2(-3)H]
      and-[1(-14)C,6(-3)H] glucosamine, L-[ureido-14C] citrulline, L-[guanidino-14C]
      arginine and L-[14CH3] methionine specifically label the glucosamine moiety, the
      urea carbonyl and the N-methyl group of the antibiotic streptozotocin,
      respectively. Feeding these precursors in amounts of 5 approximately 10 mumoles
      per 100 ml of culture medium under conditions where the fermentation yielded
      approximately 20 mumoles of streptozotocin in 24 hours gave incorporation rates
      which approached 40%. Upon feeding 100 mumoles of either D-[1(-14)C] glucosamine
      or L-[ureido-14C] citrulline they were incorporated into newly synthesized
      streptozotocin essentially without dilution by endogeneous precursors. D-[1(
      14)C, 6(-3)H] Glucosamine was incorporated without change in T/C ratio while 20%
      of the tritium was lost from D-[1(-14)C,2(-3)H] glucosamine, suggesting the
      possibility that D-glucosamine can partially equilibrate with D-fructose prior to
      its incorporation.

PMID- 157344
TI  - The structure and source of lingual proprioceptors in the monkey.
AB  - The proprioceptive innervation of the tounge has been investigated in the
      Cynamolgus monkey by silver impregnation methods following unilateral section of
      lingual, hypoglossal, and cervical nerves. Muscle spindles were constantly
      present in the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. They varied greatly in number,
      averaged half the length of lumbrical spindles, and showed an unusual arrangement
      of chain fibre nuclei. Other, inconstant proprioceptors included tendon endings,
      Ruffini endings, Pacinian corpuscles, paciniform and lamellated endings.
      Topologically, the endings other than spindles were extra-muscular, so that the
      overall pattern of proprioceptive innervation resembled that of skeletal muscle
      in general. Lingual nerve section was without apparent effect on the
      proprioceptors. Section of the hypoglossal nerve at its point of entry into the
      tongue caused severe depletiion of ipsilateral proprioceptors and of fusimotor
      nerves. In the anterior tongue there was evidence of transmedian overlap by
      efferent and afferent axons contained in the hypoglossal nerve. Hypoglossal
      section at the skull base caused degeneration of fusimotor nerves but not of
      proprioceptors. Section of (a), the connexion of C2-C3 ventral rami with the
      hypoglossal, together with section of (b), the ramus descendens hypoglossi,
      coused depletion of lingual proprioceptors; again there was evidence of
      transmedian overlap. Procedures (a) or (b) alone had a lesser effect. It was
      concluded that lingual proprioceptive afferent fibres occupy the distal
      hypoglossal nerve, leaving it in the ramus descendens and in the C2-C3 connexion
      to enter the spinal cord via nerves C2 and C3.

PMID- 157346
TI  - Preparation of 7-deoxyspectinomycin and 7-deoxy-8-epi-4(R)-dihydrospectinomycin.

PMID- 157347
TI  - Angle-closure glaucoma: an eye disease which may resemble other illnesses.

PMID- 157348
TI  - Pediatric Department history, University of Arkansas College of Medicine 1904
      1978.

PMID- 157349
TI  - Prophylaxis of infection with antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 157350
TI  - X-ray diagnosis of the sprained ankle.

PMID- 157351
TI  - Skunk rabies epidemic in Arkansas.

PMID- 157352
TI  - The use of anorectic controlled drugs in bariatric practice.

PMID- 157354
TI  - Allosteric regulation of yeast phosphofructokinase. Correlation between
      equilibrium binding, spectroscopic and kinetic data.

PMID- 157353
TI  - Structure of cross-linked rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase in solution.
AB  - Cross-linked rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase in the active tetrameric and
      octameric state was studied in solution by hydrodynamic methods and small angle x
      ray scattering techniques. The translational diffusion coefficients were
      determined by means of inelastic light scattering and were found to be 3.60 (+/-
      0.02) x 10(-7) cm2 . s-1 for the tetramer and 2.54 (+/- 0.15) x 10(-7) cm2 . s-1
      for the octamer. From small angle x-ray scattering measurements the radius of
      gyration, the specific inner surface area, and the volume were determined for
      both enzyme forms, revealing that the octameric cross-linked form is
      approximately spherical, with a diameter of 120.0 A, whereas the tetrameric form
      is asymmetric having an axial ratio of 2. By comparison of the scattering curves
      with triaxial geometric bodies which are equivalent in scattering, the tetrameric
      enzyme is described as a rectangular prism, with overall dimensions of A = 131.0
      A, B = 131.0 A, and C = 65.0 A, and the octameric form as that of a cube with A =
      B = C = 120.0 A. The shape of the protomer, having a radius of gyration of 24.8
      A, in the tetramer and octamer is similar to that for the native tetramer at pH
      10 in the presence of 5 mM fructose 6-phosphate or 15 mM fructose 1,6-bis
      phosphate. From the different shapes of the scattering curves of the native
      phosphofructokinase at pH 7.5 in the presence of 15 mM ATP and of the cross
      linked tetramer or octamer, it can be inferred that the shapes of the protomers
      are different: in the presence of ATP the protomers are elongated, having an
      axial ratio of 1.8 to 2.0; the cross-linked state reveals a spherical protomer of
      radius 33.0 A, similar to that of the native enzyme at pH 7.5 in the presence of
      fructose 6-phosphate or fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

PMID- 157355
TI  - Immunochemical analysis of Acanthamoeba myosins IA, IB, and II.

PMID- 157356
TI  - Human erythrocyte calmodulin. Further chemical characterization and the site of
      its interaction with the membrane.
AB  - Human erythrocyte and bovine brain calmodulins were indistinguishable by tryptic
      peptide mapping, indicating that the primary sequence of the two proteins is
      either very similar or identical. Calcium binding determinations of human
      erythrocyte calmodulin, by equilibrium dialysis and fluorescence titration, were
      in close agreement with previous studies on other calmodulins. The calcium
      activated adenosine triphosphatase which is stimulated by calmodulin was shown to
      be firmly associated with smooth erythrocyte plasma membranes devoid of spectrin
      and actin. Kinetic titration demonstrated that there are 4500 calmodulin binding
      sites per erythrocyte and that the turnover number of this calcium-activated
      adenosine triphosphatase is 3000 mumol of Pi . (mumol of site)-1 . min-1 which is
      similar to the turnover numbers of other transport adenosine triphosphatases.
      Furthermore, calmodulin stimulates calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase by
      a simple enzyme-ligand association.

PMID- 157357
TI  - Cell-surface heparan sulfate. Isolation and characterization of a proteoglycan
      from rat liver membranes.
AB  - Solubilization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from a rat liver membrane
      fraction was obtained by the use of the charged detergent deoxycholate or
      alternatively a combination of NaCl and the nonionic detergent Triton-X 100.
      Subsequently, proteoglycans solubilized from microsomal and plasma membrane
      fractions, respectively, were purified by a procedure involving gel
      chromatography, anion exchange chromatography, and density gradient
      centrifugation. The purified heparan sulfate proteoglycan had a molecular weight
      of about 75,000 as determined by sedimentation equilibrium analysis or gel
      chromatography. Molecular weights of 17,000 to 40,000 were obtained for the 125I
      labeled core protein after removal of the heparan sulfate polysaccharide chains
      by different enzymatic and chemical methods. An average molecular weight of
      14,000 was found for the polysaccharide chains released from the core protein by
      alkali treatment. The data are consistent with a proteoglycan structure
      containing four polysaccharide chains attached to the core protein. The amino
      acid composition of native and alkali-treated proteoglycan support the proposed
      proteoglycan model.

PMID- 157358
TI  - Modulation of the action of the recBC enzyme of Escherichia coli K-12 by Ca2+.

PMID- 157359
TI  - Vinyl chloride and trichloroethylene: comparison of alkylating effects of
      metabolites and induction of preneoplastic enzyme deficiencies in rat liver.
AB  - [1,2-14C] Vinyl chloride and [1,2-14C] trichloroethylene were incubated with rat
      liver microsomes, NADPH and RNA (from yeast). Whereas trichloroethylene
      metabolites were irreversibly bound to proteins in microsomal incubations to a
      higher extent than vinyl chloride metabolites, irreversible binding to RNA was
      lower for trichloroethylene metabolites. Hydrolysis of the RNA which was
      reisolated from microsomal incubations with 14C-vinyl chloride or 14C
      trichloroethylene and separation of the nucleosides showed different alkylation
      products arising from vinyl chloride and from trichloroethylene, characteristic
      for vinyl chloride being formation of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine and 3,N4
      enthenocytidine. The different reactivities of metabolites of vinyl chloride and
      of trichloroethylene prompted a comparison of the oncogenic effects of both
      compounds against the rat liver cell. Newborn rats were exposed for 10 weeks to
      2000 ppm vinyl chloride or trichloroethylene (8 h/day; 5 days/week). After this
      period livers of the animals were stained for nucleoside-5-triphosphatase.
      Whereas the vinyl chloride exposed rats showed focal hepatocellular deficiencies
      in this enzyme, which are supposed to represent an early sign of malignancy, no
      such changes were induced by trichloroethylene exposure. The data therefore
      suggest differences between the hepatocarcinogenic activity of vinyl chloride and
      possible effects of trichloroethylene on the liver.

PMID- 157360
TI  - Intraamniotic or intravenous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in
      midgestation: effect on prolactin level in maternal serum and amniotic fluid.
AB  - The influence of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) on PRL levels in
      maternal serum and amniotic fluid at midgestation was evaluated in a series of 32
      women admitted for midtrimester abortion. Serum was collected hourly for 6 h in
      13 women after intraamniotic (ia) instillation (100--200 mg) or in 10 women after
      iv injection (100 mg) of DHEA-S, and in 9 control women. Serum PRL levels rose
      significantly (P less than 0.05) 3--6 h after ia and 2--6 h after iv
      administration of DHEA-S but was unchanged in the control group. The elevation of
      serum PRL levels is most likely secondary to increased levels of serum estrogens
      which accompany ia or iv administration of DHEA-S. This suggests that maternal
      pituitary PRL secretion is responsive to additional stimulation by endogenous
      estrogens at midgestation. The amniotic fluid PRL level ranged from 1109-2473
      ng/ml, with no consistent change after administration of ia DHEA-S, intimating
      that estrogens may not be implicated in the control of PRL in amniotic fluid.

PMID- 157361
TI  - Continuing dental education at the University of Connecticut School of Dental
      Medicine.

PMID- 157363
TI  - Cobalt induced changes in immune response and adenosine triphosphatase activities
      in rats.
AB  - The immuno-biochemical effects of cobaltous chloride in rats receiving iron
      sufficient and deficient diets were investigated. Rats receiving 100 ppm or more
      cobalt showed a significant reduction in thymus and body weights along with a
      marked decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, sheep agglutinins and plaque forming
      cells. These effects were more pronounced in rats receiving cobalt mixed with
      iron-deficient diet than those fed on iron-sufficient diet. The Na+-K+ and
      mitochondrial (Oligomycin-sensitive) Mg2+ATPase activities in brain and liver of
      rats fed with iron-deficient diets were decreased significantly. However, the
      ATPase activities in these tissues from rats fed with cobalt mixed with iron
      sufficient diets were not altered.

PMID- 157362
TI  - Primary leiomyosarcoma of skin: a report and critical appraisal.
AB  - A primary leiomyosarcoma of skin was studied by light and electron microscopy and
      by histochemistry. Systematic evaluation of the entire neoplasm suggested that a
      single biopsy sample would show little cellular pleomorphism but could vary
      considerably in number of mitoses per mm2. Electron microscopy revealed a high
      degree of cytologic differentiation. Strong myosin ATPase activity and negative
      demonstrations for hydrolytic enzymes suggest a diagnostic profile which will
      clearly separate this neoplasm from malignant fibrous histiocytoma. High mitoses
      counts, the conventional criterion for malignancy of non-cutaneous smooth muscle
      tumors, may not be appropriately applied to primary leiomyosarcomas arising in
      the dermis. The findings in this case and a critical review of the literature
      suggest that reliable criteria for diagnosis of primary cutaneous leiomyosarcoma
      by light microscopy remain to be established.

PMID- 157364
TI  - Metabolism of crufomate (4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl methyl
      methylphosphoramidate) administered topically to a sheep.
AB  - A sheep dosed topically with 14C-crufomate (4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl methyl
      methylphosphoramidate) excreted 45.5% of the 14C dose in the urine within 9 days.
      The feces contained 1.2% and the carcass 40.4% (this included the 37.7% of the
      dose remaining on the skin in the dosing area) of the dose. At sacrifice, the
      fat, liver, kidney, lung, and skin (where the dose was applied) contained the
      highest concentrations of 14C. Fourteen urinary metabolites were isolated and
      characterized by mass spectrometry. The metabolic reactions involved were
      oxidations of the t-butyl moiety, O-demethylation, replacement of the H-N-CH3
      moiety with a hydroxyl group, oxidation of the N-methyl group to yield N-formyl
      phosphoramidates, hydrolysis of the phosphoramidate moiety to yield phenols,
      conjugation with glucuronic acid and combinations of these reactions.

PMID- 157368
TI  - Oral health care for the elderly--needs and resources.

PMID- 157369
TI  - Relationship between lymphocyte proliferation and tumor-specific cytotoxicity
      after immune RNA treatment.

PMID- 157370
TI  - Role of lipids in the immune response. I. Localization to a lipid-containing
      fraction of the active moiety of an inhibitor (SIF) of lymphocyte proliferation.
AB  - By further study, a previously described inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation
      and immunoglobulin synthesis, soluble inhibitory factor (SIF), has been shown to
      comprise two moieties; a nondialyzable protein, apparently inert with regard to
      inhibition of proliferation, and a polar lipid bound to the protein fraction,
      presumably by hydrophobic interaction. The lipid contained the activity
      responsible for inhibition of PHA-induced DNA synthesis. It was tentatively
      identified as a lipid with an as yet unidentified polar group, on the basis of
      mobility on thin layer chromatographic plates and behavior on silicic acid.

PMID- 157371
TI  - Studies on cytotoxicity generated in human mixed lymphocyte cultures. II. Anti
      K562 effectors are distinct from allospecific CTL and can be generated from NK
      depleted T cells.

PMID- 157372
TI  - A monoclonal antibody with selective reactivity with functionally mature human
      thymocytes and all peripheral human T cells.

PMID- 157373
TI  - Alloantigen-activated CML suppression independent of cytotoxic activity.

PMID- 157374
TI  - Human T cell growth factor. I. Optimal conditions for its production.

PMID- 157375
TI  - The cells involved in cell-mediated and transplantation immunity in the rabbit.
      XII. The establishment of the optimum conditions for the demonstration of a
      consistent response for the circulating white blood cells in the mixed leukocyte
      reaction.
AB  - Rabbit circulating leukocytes (WBC) have been shown to respond consistently in
      the allogeneic one-way mixed leukocyte culture reaction (MLR). Culture of the
      cells for 5--6 days in 5% CO2  in air in medium RPMI 1640 supplemented with
      normal decomplemented rabbit serum to a concentration of 2.5% provided conditions
      for an optimal MLR response. The WBC of the majority of the normal rabbits tested
      (82%) responded in the MLR, in contrast to the negative findings of other
      investigators. The WBC of a minority of the normal rabbits (18%) did not respond
      in the conventional MLR; however, the spleen cells of these rabbits consistently
      responded in the MLR, demonstrating that these rabbits possessed MLR responsive
      cells which may not have been present in the circulation at the time of analysis.
      Furthermore, the WBC of the 'non-responder' rabbits responded well in the MLR
      when the allogeneic WBC stimulator cells were replaced by allogenic spleen cells,
      suggesting that the WBC responder cells require a helper cell provided by the
      splenic stimulator cells to facilitate the blastogenic response. Whether the MLR
      responsive cell in the rabbit is a T cell or a 'T-like' cell with B cell
      properties has still not been resolved.

PMID- 157376
TI  - Mixed lymphocyte reactions in serum-free medium.
AB  - Tissue culture medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA), rather than
      human serum, was found capable of supporting the proliferative response of
      cryopreserved human lymphocytes to allogeneic cells in a one-way mixed lymphocyte
      culture. Although total tritiated thymidine uptake was lower in BSA supplemented
      cultures than in serum supplemented cultures, stimulation indices were
      equivalent. Using 0.5% (w/v) BSA, peak tritiated thymidine uptake was observed on
      day 5 using 2 X 10(5) responders and 4X 10(5) stimulators per microtitre well.
      Calf skin gelatin was also found capable of substituting  for serum, but gave
      lower levels of proliferation. Use of BSA offers distinct advantages for
      investigating the proliferative responses of human lymphocytes in serum-free
      media.

PMID- 157377
TI  - Gastroschisis.

PMID- 157378
TI  - [Clinical experiences of retrograde coronary perfusion].

PMID- 157379
TI  - [The changes of acid mucopolysaccharides and collagen contents and some of
      lysosomal enzyme activities of gingiva of alloxan diabetic rabbits (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 157380
TI  - [Studies on gingival connective tissue components of patients with periodontal
      disease. 4. Quantitative determination of acid mucopolysaccharides (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 157381
TI  - [A case report of periodontal disease with mucopolysaccharidosis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 157382
TI  - Actin, myosin and cofactor from motile cells.

PMID- 157384
TI  - Relation of membrane vesicles to volume control and Na+-transport in smooth
      muscle: studies on Na+-rich tissues.
AB  - Correlation between operation of a volume control system (independent of Na+-K+ 
      ATPase) and membrane vesicle structure was examined in strips of rat myometrium
      made Na-rich by incubation in Krebs-Ringer solutions at 5 degrees C. Some pieces
      of tissue were analyzed for Na+, K+, ATP and water contents before and after
      rewarming to 37 degrees C. Other pieces of tissue were prepared and examined in
      the electron microscope. The membrane vesicles along the surface of the muscle
      cells were reduced from the numberin fresh tissues made Na+-rich by overnight
      incubation in K+-free Ringer solution at 5 degrees C. Rewarming of Na+-rich
      tissues under conditions thought to inhibit Na+-K+-ATPase caused the loss of Na+
      with water and with utake of K+ but the vesicles did not increase in number. Na+
      K+ATPase activity was suggested to inhibit vesicle formation by competing for
      ATP. The loss of water and increase in vesicle number was Ca2+-dependent but did
      not require Na+. Inhibition of the volume control system by iodoacetamide, Ca2+
      free solution and other procedures resulted in swelling of membrane vesicles. The
      membrane vesicles were suggested to be sites of a mechanochemical system of
      volume control and the mechanochemical step was suggested to involve discharge of
      membrane vesicles.

PMID- 157383
TI  - Relation of membrane vesicles to volume and Na+ transport in smooth muscle:
      effect of metabolic and transport inhibition on fresh tissues.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that membrane vesicles of smooth muscle function as
      organelles controlling cell volume through a mechanochemical mechanism not
      involving Na+-K+ dependent membrane ATPase. Pieces of rat myometrium were
      incubated under various conditions at 25 degrees C, and then were analyzed after
      various times for Na+, K+, ATP and water contents or were prepared and examined
      in the electron microscope. Metabolic inhibition with iodoacetate (IAA) +
      dinitrophenol (DNP) rapidly depleted ATP, then decreased membrane vesicle number
      and increased vesicle size. Thereafter K+ loss, Na+ gain and water gain occurred.
      Slower depletion of ATP by treatment of tissues with IAA or ethacrynic acid
      produced similar, but delayed effects. Treatment with DNP alone, DNP in glucose
      free Krebs-Ringer or glucose-free solution bubbled with N2 partly depleted the
      tissues of ATP but did not markedly affect the membrane vesicles or tissue water
      content. Ouabain affected neither ATP contents of tissues nor the numberof
      membrane vesicles, but produced large intracellular vesicles. The membrane
      vesicles were suggested to be sites of a mechanochemical volume control system.

PMID- 157385
TI  - Medical care of injured workers.

PMID- 157386
TI  - Disabled physician program: Florida needs one.

PMID- 157387
TI  - Crural hypertrophy associated with centronuclear myopathy.
AB  - A case of centronuclear myopathy of adult onset with striking hypertrophy of
      lower limb muscles in a black South African man is described with details of the
      light microscopic, histochemical, and ultrastructural features. The association
      of hypertrophied muscles with centronuclear myopathy has not to our knowledge
      been reported previously and it is felt that this may be a variant of the
      condition.

PMID- 157388
TI  - Patient assistance in reduction of medical costs for backache.

PMID- 157389
TI  - Potassium permanganate induced calcergy: a model to study the effects of drugs on
      hydroxyapatite crystal deposition.
AB  - Hydroxyapatite crystal deposition is thought to play a role in the inflammatory
      episodes of osteoarthritis. A plaque of hydroxyapatite crystals was produced by
      local subcutaneous injection of a potassium permanganate solution. Transmission
      electron microscopy with X-ray energy spectroscopy was used to identify the
      crystal deposits as hydroxyapatite. The effects of dexamethasone, indomethacin,
      ethane 1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and dichloromethylene diposphonate
      (Cl2MDP) on the development of the apatite plaque was studied. EHDP strongly
      inhibited the apatite deposition. Cl2MDP slowed the natural resorption of the
      apatite plaque. Dexamethasone and indomethacin failed to affect the crystal
      deposition process. The results suggest that EHDP could inhibit crystal
      deposition in the osteoarthritic joint and that Cl2MDP might have a role in
      slowing apatite crystal shedding from osteoarthritic cartilage and so reduce the
      synovitis seen in Osteoarthritis.

PMID- 157391
TI  - Harm-doing and victim's racial or orthopedic stigma as determinants of helping
      behavior.
AB  - Three experiments tested a prediction derived from an ambivalence theory of
      behavior toward the stigmatized. The prediction was that unintentional harm-doers
      would be more likely to make restitution by doing a favor for a stigmatized
      victim than for a nonstigmatized one. In Experiment 1 it was upheld for black
      versus white victims. In Experiment 2, where the victim of harm-doing was either
      physically handicapped or normal, the prediction was upheld only among older
      subjects, following the post hoc introduction of an age variable. Experiment 3
      also used a physical disability variable. The data were consistent with the
      prediction, although the adequacy of the harm-doing manipulation was not checked
      empirically. On the whole, these results are seen as complementing previous
      findings of amplified post-harm-doing denigration of black and disabled victims.
      An assumption that the relationship between harm-doing and altruism was mediated
      by guilt arousal received only fragmentary support. That is, self-reports of
      guilt were highest in the harm-doing black confederate condition in Experiment 1,
      and self-reports of negative affect were highest in the harm-doing/wheelchair
      confederate condition in Experiment 3, but there were no significant
      relationships between individual differences in guilt or negative affect on the
      one hand, and amount of helping, on the other.

PMID- 157390
TI  - Evaluation of the feto-placental function by means of intraamniotic
      administration of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate.
AB  - It is well known that in pregnancy dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS) (90%
      synthetized by the fetal adrenals, 10% by the maternal ones) is converted into
      estrogens mainly in the placenta. In order to evaluate the steroid metabolizing
      capacity of the placental enzymatic complex under load conditions, a test was
      devised based upon a rapid introduction of 200 mg of DHEAS into the amniotic
      compartment during the third trimester of gestation. The purpose of the present
      investigation was to establish the clinical utility of such a test in comparison
      with the simple urinary estrogen determination test.

PMID- 157392
TI  - The relationship between two personality questionnaires: the Mini-Mult and the
      16PF-E.
AB  - The Mini-Mult and 16PF-E were administered to a heterogeneous sample of 216
      clients. Several multivariate analyses were conducted to specify the common and
      unique information that these two brief instruments generate. While the 16PF-E
      provides a global estimate of the client's overall level of emotional adjustment,
      as well as information regarding a wide range of non-pathological traits, the
      Mini-Mult focuses on subtle aspects of maladjustment corresponding to traditional
      psychiatric syndromes. For preliminary screening purposes the 16PF-E results in a
      broader assessment of personality functioning.

PMID- 157393
TI  - Disability in the elderly after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 157394
TI  - Abnormal children of a 47,XYY father.
AB  - Abnormal children of two 47,XYY men were studied. One of these men had 2 normal
      daughters and a child, 45,X/46,XY, with gonadal dysgenesis. The other man had 2
      normal sons and a child with Down's syndrome. The extra chromosome 21 of this
      child came from the mother. Another 47,XYY man had 4 normal children.

PMID- 157396
TI  - Normal phenotype and partial trisomy for the G positive region of chromosome 21.
AB  - A prenatally diagnosed male fetus and his mother, who was referred because of her
      advanced age, both carried an abnormal bisatellited chromosome 21 as an extra
      chromosome. The abnormal 21 was monocentric and the G negative band q22 and part
      of q21 had been deleted during formation. The phenotype of both the mother and
      child (at birth) was normal.

PMID- 157395
TI  - Two balanced translocations in three generations of a pedigree: t(7;10) (q11;q22)
      and t(14;21) (14qter to cen to 21qter)1.
AB  - A reciprocal chromosome translocation between 7q and 10q and an unrelated
      Robertsonian translocation involving 14q and 21q were found in a healthy 44-year
      old man, in his normal 18-year-old son, and in his mother. They were ascertained
      through the man's brother, whose grandson has Down's syndrome as a result of an
      inherited 14q21q translocation. To our knowledge, this is the second report of a
      karyotype with both reciprocal and Robertsonian translocations in a single
      subject, and only the fourth report of independently segregating double
      translocations occurring in more than one generation.

PMID- 157397
TI  - New treatment for seborrheic alopecia: the ligature of the arteries of the scalp.
AB  - Bilateral ligature of the superficial temporal arteries and of the posterior
      auricular arteries is proposed as a treatment for seborrheic alopecia. The
      arterial circulatory dynamics are, thus, replaced by capillary circulatory
      dynamics. Hypoxia is produced which inhibits enzymatic systems and lessens
      nocuous action of androgen and lipid factors on the pilosebaceous effectors. The
      histologic study shows that the production of sebum is greatly reduced and the
      condition of the hair follicle is strikingly improved.

PMID- 157398
TI  - Membrane fluidity and fatty acid composition of phospholipids in erythrocyte
      membranes of patients with Huntington disease.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine whether alterations in the configuration of
      erythrocyte membranes of patients with Huntington disease, reported by other
      investigators, could be reflected in membrane fluidity-viscosity. Since membrane
      fluidity appears to be related to the fatty acid composition of membrane
      phospholipids, these were also examined. Membrane fluidity, which was determined
      by measuring the intrinsic fluorescence of membranous tryptophan, was found to be
      normal. Although the range of fatty acid distribution within the various
      phospholipids tended to vary somewhat, the pattern was not significantly
      different from that of the controls.

PMID- 157400
TI  - [A study on subjective symptoms of keypunchers--relations between low back pain
      and subjective symptoms like neck-shoulder-arm syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 157399
TI  - Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75) on dog coronary artery and cat
      papillary muscle.
AB  - Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75) on isolated dog coronary artery
      and cat papillary muscle were investigated. SG-75 dose-dependently relaxed the
      isolated coronary arterial strips contracted with potassium. Large doses of SG-75
      depressed contraction of papillary muscle driven with electrical stimulation and
      inhibited enhancement of contraction of papillary muscle induced by calcium and
      isoproterenol. From these results it is suggested that SG-75 may have a weak Ca++
      antagonistic action.

PMID- 157401
TI  - [Experience of a mother raising a handicapped child. 6. In search of others with
      similar afflictions].

PMID- 157402
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Home nursing of a patient with physical disability].

PMID- 157404
TI  - [Progress in medical science and pediatric nursing].

PMID- 157403
TI  - [A nursing scene in the care of handicapped children].

PMID- 157405
TI  - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children (clinico-echocardiographic study)].
AB  - On the grounds of clinical, electro- and echo-cardiographic examination of 39
      patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from 3 to 15 years of age three types
      of this pathological condition are distinguished: asymmetrical septal
      hypertrophy, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and symmetrical
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The value of signs of hypertrophic myopathy obtained
      on clinical and instrumental examination is discussed. The high diagnostic value
      of echocardiography in the examination of patients is emphasized.

PMID- 157406
TI  - The structure, function, and turnover of cardiac myosin in normal and myopathic
      Syrian hamsters.
AB  - Cardiac myosin was examined during the four pathologic stages of cardiomyopathy
      in strain BIO 14.6 of Syrian hamsters. It was determined that the Ca2+- and K+
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-activated ATPase activities of ventricular
      myosin were significantly reduced during the final stage of the inherited
      disease. One- and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of myosin samples at all
      stages failed to yield any evidence for a change in the subunit structure of
      myosin based on light chain number, molecular weight, and per cent composition.
      The final stage of the disease was characterized by altered protein metabolism.
      The rates of synthesis and degradation were both altered in the diseased tissue,
      and a net loss of myosin resulting from a substantial increase in the rate of
      degradation.

PMID- 157407
TI  - Immunofluorescent staining for factor VIII-related antigen: a tool for study of
      healing in vascular prostheses.

PMID- 157408
TI  - Transplantation of isolated islets of Langerhans in diabetic dogs. II. The
      influence of histocompatibility.

PMID- 157410
TI  - EKG of the month. Left atrial enlargement. Borderline right ventricular
      enlargment.

PMID- 157409
TI  - Transplantation of isolated islets of Langerhans in diabetic dogs. III. Donor
      selection by mixed lymphocyte reaction and immunosuppressive treatment.

PMID- 157412
TI  - A new hypothesis on mitotic control mechanism in eukaryotic cells: cell-specific
      mitosis-inhibiting protein excretion hypothesis.

PMID- 157411
TI  - In vivo biosynthesis of steroids from tyrosine.

PMID- 157413
TI  - The pathogensis and medical treatment of extrapyramidal disease.

PMID- 157415
TI  - [Integration of chronically ill and handicapped children in pre-schools and
      schools].

PMID- 157414
TI  - Metabolic myopathies.

PMID- 157416
TI  - Decrease in rat cardiac myosin ATPase with aortic constriction: prevention by
      thyroxine treatment.

PMID- 157417
TI  - [Difficulties of expert testimony in microwave disease].
AB  - Difficulties in certification of microwave diseases are due to the fact that
      exposure parameters are not well known and the knowledge of all possible clinical
      pictures of these diseases is incomplete. To give evidence of this conclusion the
      author presents 3 cases from the certificatory material of Occupational Diseases
      Ward within the Clinic of the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz.

PMID- 157419
TI  - Back pain: some new approaches.

PMID- 157418
TI  - Role of purine base excretion in regulation of purine pools.
AB  - Wild type and mutant strains of Neurospora crassa excrete hypoxanthine, xanthine,
      and uric acid, but not adenine or inosine, when exogenous adenine is added to
      growing cultures. No detectable excretion occurs in the absence of adenine. The
      de novo pathway of purine biosynthesis was found to influence the excretion, in
      that a metabolic block immediately prior to IMP significantly decreased the
      excretion, while a metabolic block immediately after IMP significantly increased
      the excretion over that of wild type. The purine catabolic pathway, which is
      sensitive to ammonia regulation, was found to be a key determinant in the amount
      and type of excretion. Recently, it was suggested that hypoxanthine accumulation
      is the result of a mechanism to regulate the adenylate pool size (Leung and
      Schramm, 1978). In this report, the possibility that hypoxanthine excretion
      controls adenylate and guanylate pool sizes is discussed and the role of the
      purine nucleotide cycle in hypoxanthine excretion is examined.

PMID- 157420
TI  - Female sterilization using an elasticated silicone ring.
AB  - This paper presents the experience, in a District General Hospital, of using an
      elasticated silicone ring applied to the Fallopian tubes by the laparoscope. It
      is concluded that this is a safe and effective method of female sterilization,
      with good patient acceptance.

PMID- 157421
TI  - Genetic screening in Western Australia.
AB  - The wider application of genetic screening is described in four Western
      Australian populations. Counselling with prenatal diagnosis of Down's syndrome
      was offered to 57 women over the age of 35 years and less than 16 weeks'
      gestation who attended an antenatal outpatients department. Forty-four women
      consented to amniocentesis and two affected fetuses were found. Both public and
      private patients can be screened to detect fetuses with Down's syndrome. In a
      population of 200 pregnant girls whose infants were intended for adoption, a
      specially designed family history form aided identification of genetic disorders
      in 32 families. Counselling was offered to the biological parents, to the
      adoptive parents, and, prospectively, to the child in later years. The
      effectiveness of the family history as a screening device is illustrated in this
      adoption sample. Counselling of parents of 20 decreased malformed infants
      initiated the genetic counselling clinic in Western Australia and led to
      subsequent referral of 92 similar cases by the family doctors. It was found that
      parents who gave birth to malformed infants welcome information and risk figures.
      Diagnostic screening in a population of 6000 intellectually handicapped
      individuals yielded 1372 cases (23%) with Mendelian, multifactorial, or
      chromosomal modes of inheritance. This screening enabled patients with inherited
      causes for their intellectual handicap to be identified and placed on a register
      for health planning.

PMID- 157422
TI  - [Irritative dermatitis in female workers of an electromechanical factory].

PMID- 157423
TI  - [Occupational hazards and rheumoarthropathies].

PMID- 157424
TI  - [Articular traumatic pathology and pre-arthrosis].

PMID- 157426
TI  - The problems of long term care.

PMID- 157425
TI  - [Immunopathogenesis of post-traumatic diseases].

PMID- 157427
TI  - [Composite materials in pedodontics].
AB  - A brief account is given of the features of 1st and 2nd generation compounds and
      their clinical applications. Reference is made to many years of personal
      experience in an assessment of their long-term results.

PMID- 157428
TI  - [Anesthesia in pedodontics. Clinico-statistical study].

PMID- 157429
TI  - [Acne therapy by the gynecologist?].

PMID- 157430
TI  - [Extrapyramidal-motoric syndrome due to psychotropic drugs].

PMID- 157431
TI  - The role of non-disjunction in aneuploidy in man. An overview.

PMID- 157432
TI  - Relationships between satellite association and the occurrence of non-disjunction
      in man.
AB  - It has been reported that there is an increased incidence of Down's syndrome
      among the children of parents who have been exposed to ionizing radiations for
      radiodiagnostic or radiotherapeutic reasons. Work with Drosophila, mice and human
      lymphocytes has shown that irradiation with X- or gamma-rays induces aneuploidy,
      presumably by non-disjunction. It has been suggested that in man the frequency of
      satellite association (s.a.) of acrocentric chromosomes may be involved in the
      causation of chromosomal non-disjunction. In the present work the effects of
      radiation on s.a. have, therefore, been investigated. The frequency of s.a.
      between acrocentric chromosomes was determined after the exposure of human blood
      from normal and chromosomally abnormal individuals to various small doses of Co
      60 gamma-rays. The criteria of Zang and Back were used for the evaluation of s.a.
      complexes. No effects of radiation on the frequency of s.a. were apparent within
      the dose range investigated. The same result was obtained when s.a. was evaluated
      using the silver-staining technique in which physical connections between the
      associating satellites may be observed and the association complexes evaluated
      directly. The effects of other radiation sources have also been investigated.

PMID- 157433
TI  - Fatal lymphoma after transplantation of cultured thymus in children with combined
      immunodeficiency disease.
AB  - A fatal, widespread, polyclonal, B-cell immunoblastic lymphoproliferative
      disorder developed in three children with combined immunodeficiency shortly after
      intra-abdominal transplantation of cultured thymus epithelium for
      immunoreconstitution. All three had surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells (15 to
      20 per cent) in the peripheral blood before transplantation and polyclonally
      elevated immunoglobulins afterward. Abnormal immunoregulation was demonstrated by
      a lack of concanavalin A-induced suppressor-cell activity in mixed leukocyte
      culture in all three patients before transplantation and in two afterward. We
      suggest that the transplant acted as a promoter through immunostimulation or
      production of promoter factors, and that excessive polyclonal B-cell
      proliferation resulted because of inadequate immunoregulatory mechanisms.
      Although this complication occurred in only three of 30 patients with various
      forms of immunodeficiency treated with cultured thymus, these cases illustrate a
      potential problem in immunoreconstitution of combined immunodeficiency disorders.

PMID- 157434
TI  - Renal-failure anemia and nitrosourea therapy.

PMID- 157435
TI  - Membrane crystals of ubiquinone:cytochrome c reductase from Neurospora
      mitochondria.

PMID- 157436
TI  - Structure and force generation in muscle.

PMID- 157437
TI  - [Echocardiography as an aid in the differential diagnosis of heart enlargement].

PMID- 157438
TI  - [Neisseria gonorrhoeae, sensitivity of strains isolated in 1976 for amoxicillin,
      penicillin, cefuroxime, tetracycline and spectinomycin].

PMID- 157439
TI  - Urinary free cortisol, cortisone, cortisol sulfate, cortisone sulfate and 17
      ketosteroids in breast cancer.

PMID- 157440
TI  - The participation of serotonin receptors of the brain in mechanisms of negative
      feedback of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis system.

PMID- 157441
TI  - Anatomo-radiological considerations about lumbar discography. An experimental
      study.
AB  - An experimental study was undertaken to determine the origin of lumbar pain
      associated with degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc by examining their
      innervation, vascularization, and stages of evolution. The study included the
      comparison of discography on patients with an experimental reproduction of this
      examination on cadavers.

PMID- 157443
TI  - Disability benefits as disincentives to rehabilitation.
AB  - The relations among physical disability, governmental and voluntary benefit
      programs, and rehabilitation outcome are more complex than has generally been
      assumed. Factors of motivation and functional capacity are not adequately
      accommodated by current methods and level of benefit provision. Preliminary
      investigation shows that programs may, in fact, deter some of the disabled from
      return to work. Proposed congressional legislation does not appear to likely to
      resolve conflicting goals and expectations of the labor market, the disabled, and
      the taxpayer.

PMID- 157442
TI  - Erythrocyte ATP in Duchenne dystrophy: effects of ouabain and propranolol.
AB  - The ATP and lactate contents of erythrocytes from patients with Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy (DMD) were measured before and after incubation with or without glucose
      plus either ouabain or propranolol. Samples from patients and controls were
      obtained at almost the same time on the same day and processed simultaneously.
      The erythrocyte ATP content differed in adults and children, but there was no
      difference between DMD patients and age-matched controls. Ouabain suppressed, and
      propranolol enhanced, the changes of ATP and lactate, to the same extent in
      patients and in controls. We found no gross abnormalities in generation and
      utilization of ATP in erythrocytes in DMD, and the response to ouabain or
      propranolol appeared normal.

PMID- 157444
TI  - [The role of feedback in myocardial ischemia].

PMID- 157445
TI  - [Preliminary epidemiological studies of hospitalized hypertensive patients].

PMID- 157446
TI  - [Determination of systolic time intervals in assessment of the progression of
      heart impairment in the post-acute stage of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 157447
TI  - [Harmless general anesthesia, also for the anesthetist, with CT 1341 (althesin)].

PMID- 157448
TI  - Neurological complications, following lumbar radiculography with Dimer X.
AB  - Three cases developing increasing neurological deficit within 24 hours of lumbar
      radiculography with Dimer X are reported. All three developed severe low back and
      sciatic pain, and myoclonic spasms within one hour of the examination. In each a
      large intervertebral disc prolapse was outlined. Two cases developed near
      complete paraplegia before surgical decompression. Following surgery, two
      patients made a complete rapid recovery, and the other has recovered partially.

PMID- 157450
TI  - [Histochemical analysis of acid mucopolysaccharides in the gingiva of pregnant
      women].

PMID- 157449
TI  - Prolactin in umbilical cord blood and the respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 157451
TI  - Advance authorization for workers' compensation.

PMID- 157452
TI  - [Isaak Grigorevich Ershkovich].

PMID- 157453
TI  - In vivo and in vitro assays of immunocompetence in bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - To determine the degree of correlation among the various in vivo and in vitro
      assays that could be used to assess immunocompetence in bronchogenic carcinoma,
      the response to common recall skin antigens, primary sensitization to DNCB and
      lymphocyte function tests based on blastogenic response to mitogens and in mixed
      lymphocyte culture (MLC) were tested in 48 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.
      The values were compared to responses in 94 age-matched healthy control subjects.
      There were impaired skin tests reactions among squamous cell carcinoma patients,
      with little impairment of their lymphocyte blastogenesis reactions. Anaplastic
      carcinoma patients had notable defects in lymphocyte function tests but less
      impairment of the skin test reactions. These data suggest that the mitogen
      concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and the MLC are more useful screening assays
      of in vitro immunocompetence than are the other commonly used mitogens.

PMID- 157454
TI  - The absence of proprioceptive nerve endings in the human periodontal ligament:
      the role of periodontal mechanoreceptors in the reflex control of mastication.
AB  - A review of the literature was conducted to determine the presence or absence of
      proprioceptive nerve endings in the human periodontal ligament. A histologic
      review of the periodontal ligament innervation concluded that nerve endings found
      were those mediating pain, pressure, or touch and that there is no histologic
      evidence of any "classic" proprioceptive nerve ending in the periodontal
      ligament. A summary is given concerning the precise role of nerve endings in the
      periodontal membrane, their afferent pathways, and the role of masticatory muscle
      proprioception, jaw reflexes, and the temporomandibular joint in the coordinated
      control of mastication and mandibular proprioception.

PMID- 157455
TI  - Antibody formation to dog pulp tissue altered by AH-26 sealer via the root canal.
AB  - Pulp tissue from three experimental dogs was tested for its antigenicity before
      and after incubation with AH-26 sealer. identical to Reactions to Arthus skin
      tests showed an increased response to pulp that had been incubated in AH-26,
      washed, and then injected, as compared with the material alone. Hemagglutinating
      antibody titers (1/500 to 1/800) were obtained from pulp tissue altered by AH-26.
      Inhibition tests showed the apecificity of the antibody to be at a dilution titer
      of 1:400. Therefore, a mixture of AH-26 sealer altered dog pulp tissue and
      rendered it antigenically active, and a specific humoral response was produced.

PMID- 157456
TI  - [Iakov Grigor'evich Dubrov].

PMID- 157457
TI  - [Injuries due to traffic accidents among children in the Vitebsk district].

PMID- 157458
TI  - Essentials of noise regulations.

PMID- 157459
TI  - Guide for the evaluation of hearing handicap. American Academy of Otolaryngology
      Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium.

PMID- 157460
TI  - Workers' compensation aspects of noise induced hearing loss.

PMID- 157461
TI  - [The left ventricle at different stages of a two steps mechanical overloading.
      Electron microscopic study in the rat (author's transl)].
AB  - The left ventricle myocardium of rats subjected to a two steps mechanical
      overloading (abdominal aorta constriction + aortic insufficiency) was examined in
      the light and electron microscopes at several stages of the load, and
      particularly after 3 to 6 months when the animals exhibited congestive heart
      failure. In these conditions, the heart weight exceeded the control by more than
      100 %. In the later stages, the absence of parallelism between heart weight and
      cell diameter was compatible with a process of hyperplasia. Cellular lesions
      looking like recent were found more and more frequently with time. Within
      apparently normal cells proliferation of small mitochondria, nucleoli and Golgi
      apparatus are compatible with some deficit in energy balance, which is usually
      encountered only in early stages of the load.

PMID- 157462
TI  - The relationship of adrenal androgens to the secretory patterns for cortisol,
      prolactin, and growth hormone during early puberty.
AB  - Serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone
      sulfate (DHA-sulfate), cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone were measured at
      half-hour intervals for 24 hr in five healthy children aged 8--13 yr. Their
      adolescent development was assessed by clinical staging, plus determinations of
      serum FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol during both wakefulness and sleep.
      Correlative analysis indicates that there was synchronous secretion of DHA and
      cortisol, implying regulation of both by ACTH. With advancing age and sexual
      maturation, there was a progressive rise in mean serum DHA and DHA-sulfate
      levels, but no similar change in serum cortisol concentrations. There was
      evidence for enhanced secretion of both growth hormone and prolactin during sleep
      in all subjects (including one who was hyperprolactinemic), but there was no
      obvious relationship between levels of these pituitary hormones and the early
      pubertal rise in adrenal androgens.

PMID- 157463
TI  - Regulatory aspects of glucose and ketone body metabolism in infant rat brain.

PMID- 157464
TI  - [Health care of chronically ill and handicapped children].

PMID- 157465
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation of children with rheumatic
      fever under conditions of a local sanatorium].

PMID- 157466
TI  - [Achievements and developmental prospects of pediatrics in the Belorussian SSR].

PMID- 157467
TI  - [Organization of hospital care for children in large cities].

PMID- 157468
TI  - [Organization of hospital care for newborn infants at a city pediatric clinical
      hospital].

PMID- 157469
TI  - [Work experience of an interdistrict specialized department for premature infant
      nursing at the 2d stage in a central district hospital].

PMID- 157470
TI  - [Frequency of obesity morbidity among schoolchildren].

PMID- 157472
TI  - Disability without handicap: living with disability.

PMID- 157471
TI  - [The every day problems of medicine--a challenge].

PMID- 157473
TI  - Living with disability: housing.

PMID- 157474
TI  - Living with disability. Work: rehabilitation, retraining and resettlement.

PMID- 157475
TI  - Living with disability: access.

PMID- 157477
TI  - Holiday fun with the handicapped.

PMID- 157476
TI  - Handicap: the way to better understanding.

PMID- 157478
TI  - [Progress in the diagnosis of biliary tract neopalsms].

PMID- 157479
TI  - [Correlation between the results of contrast studies and intraoperative findings
      in patients with low back pain].

PMID- 157480
TI  - Colorectal carcinoma: overview of management techniques.
AB  - The fact that the national death rate from carcinoma of the colon and rectum has
      remained static over the past two decades is strong incentive for future
      investigation of measures to allow detection in its early and more favorable
      stage. Although no significant improvements in surgical techniques have afforded
      improvement in longevity, certain technical factors are known to inhibit tumor
      implantation during surgery. Data suggest that the extent of en bloc resection is
      the most crucial factor in avoiding recurrence. Extensive use of radiotherapy as
      the sole method of treatment or as preoperative or postoperative adjunctive
      therapy remains investigational, but it seems likely that this form of treatment
      will play an increasing role in the future. Preoperative radiotherapy seems to be
      useful in reducing the stage of the neoplasm and the incidence of extraserosal
      involvement; postoperative radiotherapy is beneficial for palliation.
      Chemotherapy, particularly with the fluorinated pyrimidines (5-FU and 5-FUDR), is
      being evaluated for its usefulness in lengthening survival time; response to 5-FU
      is occasionally dramatic. It remains for major investigational centers to clarify
      the role of combination chemotherapy in metastatic disease. Immunotherapy at
      present must be considered an unproven mode of treatment and of inconclusive
      benefit in any stage of colorectal carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen assay is a
      useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in localizing primary tumor and in
      subsequent evaluation of response to treatment.

PMID- 157481
TI  - [The iontophoresis with optidase and thiomucase in the treatment of rheumatic
      soft tissue disorders and osteoarthrosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 157482
TI  - [Population-genetic studies in the microfoci of endemic goiter].
AB  - The material analysed is referred to 5 goiter endemic microfoci of one of the
      landscape-geographical zone of the Kama region with a relative iodine deficiency
      in the environment, caused by disbalance between iodine and other trace elements.
      Diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland was revealed in 50.5% of males, and in
      69.7% of females; goiter disease was diagnosed in 3.3% of males, and in 11.6% of
      females. The empirical risk of goiter occurrence for members of the family with
      one patient suffering from this disease is double, and in the families with two
      or more patients--is four tunes greater than in the rest of the population. There
      proved to be statistically significant differences in goiter morbidity among
      persons with different degree of blood relation to the proband. Calculations by
      the original method presented demonstrated that familial associations of goiter
      patients corresponded to monomere autosome-dominant inheritance with an
      incomplete manifestation of the corresponding genotype within the range of P =
      0.7--0.8.

PMID- 157483
TI  - [Excretion of testosterone, epitestosterone, androstenedione and 7
      ketodehydroepiandrostenedione in healthy men of different ages].
AB  - Urinary excretion of testosterone, epitestosterone, androstendion, and 7-keto
      dehydroepistendion was studied in 34 healthy men, aged from 20 to 72 years. The
      maximal excretion of these steroids and observed in men, aged between 20 and 30
      years; their reduction was noted with the advance of age.

PMID- 157484
TI  - [Thrombin-plasmin system of the body, its biological role and the significance of
      its disorders in pathology].

PMID- 157485
TI  - [Results of a combined clinical and X-ray follow-up of people with hyperergic
      reactions to tuberculin].

PMID- 157486
TI  - [Intermittent antibacterial chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis at the
      sanatorium stage].

PMID- 157487
TI  - Development of spontaneous motility in chick embryos. Significance of basic brain
      regions.

PMID- 157489
TI  - Ion transport in the heart atrial tissue of young and adult guinea-pigs and
      albino rats.
AB  - Rubidium shifts between the extracellular fluid and cells were studied in the
      isolated atria of guinea-pig and albino rat hearts. In the young of both species,
      rubidium transport from the incubation medium to the cells was much slower than
      in preparations from adult animals. That implies that the efficiency of membrane
      mechanisms for the transport of Na+ and K+ ions in the atrial tissue increases
      during postnatal life. This conclusion is further confirmed by the finding that
      the intracellular potassium concentration in the atrial tissue of the young  of
      both species is lower, and the intracellular sodium concentration higher, than in
      adult animals. Conversely, the serum potassium concentration in the young is
      higher, and the serum sodium concentration lower, than in adult individuals.

PMID- 157488
TI  - Oral urine recycling in diabetes insipidus (DI) rats--the role of the gut in
      absorption of some urinary components.
AB  - Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus (DI) will, if no other fluid is offered,
      drink their own previous day's urine. Such oral urine-recycling, where normal
      elimination is effective only in 15%, does not result in clinical or laboratory
      signs of uraemia even after 20 days. Serum electrolytes and creatinine remained
      normal, serum osmolarity and urea were slightly raised, but none of the
      parameters measured could be classified as uraemic. Extrarenal excretion of
      electrolytes increased. It is suggested that when the excreted load is
      represented to the organism from the gut lumen (as opposed to re-presentation
      into the peritoneal cavity or cessation of renal function) the gut wall serves a
      protective function by not reabsorbing significant portions of both the inorganic
      and organic loads in the urine. More detailed analysis will be required to
      establish this suggestion.

PMID- 157490
TI  - Plasma thyroxine level in rats exposed to intermittent hypobaria and muscular
      activity.

PMID- 157491
TI  - Isolated spinal cord of the frog--an in vitro model for the study of neuronal
      mechanisms of pain.

PMID- 157493
TI  - Attitudes of families to some aspects of Huntington's chorea.
AB  - One hundred and fifty-three complete questionnaires received from families with a
      history of Huntington's chorea were analysed to discover their attitudes towards
      the disease. Of special interest were: (a) how and when they were first informed
      about their illness; (b) what effects the knowledge of the hereditary aspects of
      the disease had on them and on their children; and (c) their reaction to a
      possible future predictive test.

PMID- 157492
TI  - Development of right heart hypertrophy in rats as a result of tracheoconstriction
      combined with the intravenous administration of benzathine penicillin.

PMID- 157494
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholinesterase in neuropsychiatric disorders.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of
      patients with a diagnosis of Huntington's disease, depression, schizophrenia, or
      mania and also in the CSF of normal subjects. No significant differences in CSF
      AChE were found between any diagnostic group and normal subjects. Furthermore,
      the administration of choline chloride, physostigmine, or probenecid did not
      significantly alter CSF AChE. No diurnal variation in CSF AChE activity was
      apparent. These findings, combined with the unclear relationship of brain AChE to
      CSF AChE, suggest that this measurement does not reflect the relative cholinergic
      underactivity presumed to exist in some neuropsychiatric conditions.

PMID- 157495
TI  - The Uptown People's Health Center, Chicago, Illinois.

PMID- 157497
TI  - [Modification of chromosomal radiation injuries by 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine and
      thymidine at different stages of the cell cycle].

PMID- 157496
TI  - [Nuclear protein and DNA content in the myocytes of the myocardium in adaptation
      of the irradiated heart to an increased hemodynamic load].

PMID- 157498
TI  - Right to privacy, and rehabilitation act of 1973: implication for radiologic
      technology educators and administrators.

PMID- 157499
TI  - Clinical implications of the convex supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava.
AB  - The configuration of the supradiaphragmatic segment of the inferior vena cava
      (SIVC) was evaluated on lateral chest radiographs to determine the clinical
      situations in which a posterior convex contour occurred. Of 34 patients with a
      convex SIVC, 31 had cardiovascular abnormalities. Left ventricular enlargement
      was present in 17 of 34 (50%), and right ventricular failure in 13 (38%).
      Valvular regurgitation, left-to-right shunts, narrow anteroposterior chest
      diameter, and chronic obstructive lung disease were also present. In 102
      consecutive normal patients, the SIVC was visible in 97%; only 1 patient had a
      convex SIVC (p = 10(-7)). The results show that detection of a convex SIVC
      suggests associated abnormalities.

PMID- 157500
TI  - [Location of testosterone receptors in the skin of patients with acne vulgaris].

PMID- 157501
TI  - [Dental abrasion and erosion].

PMID- 157502
TI  - [Immunomorphologic and electron microscopic features in chronic marginal
      periodontitis].

PMID- 157503
TI  - [Interrelationships of occlusion and mandibular movement].

PMID- 157504
TI  - [Compatibility between the Romtecos alloy and the ceramic product Biodent. Nature
      of the ceramic-metallic bond].

PMID- 157505
TI  - [Our experience with acrylic overlay dentures].

PMID- 157506
TI  - [Complex treatment of bilateral labiomaxillopalatine clefts].

PMID- 157508
TI  - [Cephalic tetanus associated with a mandibular fracture].

PMID- 157507
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma of the preauricular region].

PMID- 157509
TI  - [Problems in anthropological stomatology].

PMID- 157511
TI  - [Dental and osseous histologic changes in experimental hypothyroidism].

PMID- 157510
TI  - [Hepatitis type B, a risk factor among dental students].

PMID- 157512
TI  - [Comparison of various characters and antigenic structure in S. aureus strains
      cultivated in hospitalized patients and in healthy carriers].
AB  - A comparison has been done between various characters of 170 non epidemic strains
      cultivated from hospitalized patients and 29 strains originated from healthy
      carriers without any hospital contact and antibiotic treatment since 6 months.
      Following characters have been tested: M.I.C. of 13 antibiotics, heterogenous
      methicillin resistance, enzymatic antibiotic resistance, macrolide inducible or
      constitutive type resistance, mercuric chloride susceptibility; phage types;
      enzymes and toxins production. Antigenic structure has been studied, in
      particular production of protein A, A  beta teichoc acid and type antigens.
      Significant differences have been observed between hospital and healthy carriers
      strains; these later strains are antibiotic susceptible, produce few toxins and
      enzymes, are not frequently phage typable. Their antigenic structure shows also
      significant differences: A beta-teichoic acid is less frequently detected; type
      antigens are less frequent and different. Role of these surface antigens in
      virulence is discussed.

PMID- 157513
TI  - Advances in hereditary red cell enzyme abnormalities.

PMID- 157514
TI  - Union and affirmative action for handicapped individuals.

PMID- 157515
TI  - Induction of chronic diabetes by streptozotocin in the miniature pig.
AB  - The rapid i.v. injection of 60 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight 8 days after an
      initial dose of 30 mg/kg was the best method to produce a distinct insulin
      deficient diabetes in minipigs. Even in the absence of any therapy the further
      course of this diabetes remained stable without tending to exhibit ketoacidosis.
      Besides hyperglycaemia and the loss of insulin response to glucose there was
      significant increase of triglycerides and a decrease of plasma albumin. In the
      oldest animals this diabetes has so far been observed for more than 3 years.
      Because of some special advantages this experimental diabetes could provide a
      useful model for studying diabetic angiopathies.

PMID- 157516
TI  - Effects of verapamil and aspirin on experimental chronic hypoxic pulmonary
      hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in rats.
AB  - Rats made hypoxic by confinement in hypoxic cages for 4 weeks developed pulmonary
      hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Treatment with Verapamil or
      aspirin reduced both chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and the hypertrophy
      of the right ventricle. The antihypertensive effect of Verapamil is explained by
      the involvement of the transmembrane calcium flux in pulmonary vascular smooth
      muscle in the hypoxic vasoconstrictory response. Part of the antihypertensive
      effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis is attributed to a decrease in
      packed cell volume produced in hypoxic, aspirin treated rats.

PMID- 157517
TI  - [Potentiation of R waves in the right precordial leads in heart diseases].

PMID- 157518
TI  - [Use of ultra-stimulating current in the treatment of lumbar syndrome].

PMID- 157519
TI  - [First results of a surgical treatment of a persistant low-back pain of dorso
      lumbar origin].
AB  - Low-back pain may originate in the thoraco-lumbar joints. Due to motion and
      stress, the latter constitute a high-risk transitional zone. Pain is transmitted
      by the posterior branches of the D11, D12 or L1 spinal nerves, which innervate
      the cutaneous and subcutaneous levels of the low-back and upper buttocks region.
      It is experienced as a deep-seated pain. Clinical examination makes it possible
      to determine the level responsible. The lumbar pain disappears with anesthesia of
      the interapophysary articulation. Appropriate medical treatment most often
      succeeds. If its fails, surgery can provide a solution. It consists of a
      capsulectomy on the level responsible, and on the upper and lower adjoining
      regions. This operation also destroys the posterior branch, which is closely
      joined to the capsule. Out of the 10 cases operated on, there was 1 failure, 6
      very good results and 3 good results after follow-up periods of 20 months to 6
      months. Without prejudging the future, it seems that there is hope for the
      treatment of unexplained back pains or those persisting after operations on
      lumbar disks that are not relieved by appropriate medical treatment of the
      thoraco-lumbar joints.

PMID- 157521
TI  - Education of the handicapped.

PMID- 157520
TI  - Non-specific and specific effects of a granulocytic bio-inhibitor on different
      haematopoietic cell populations.
AB  - The effect of a leucocyte conditioned medium derivative on the 5-125iodo-2'
      deoxyuridine (125I-UdR) uptake by 6 haematopoietic cell populations with a simple
      in vitro assay system was tested. The low doses of the test substance--a putative
      granulocytic chalone--inhibited significantly the uptake of 125I-UdR only in
      predominantly granulocytic cell cultures. This inhibition was achieved using
      micrograms/ml concentrations, which have previously been shown to be inhibitory
      to normal and malignant granulocytic cells in vivo. The test preparations
      inhibited the uptake of 125I-UdR in all cell populations (nongranulocytic
      included) when doses exceeding 10 micrograms/ml were used. The prerequisite for
      an adequate demonstration of the specificity of a bio-inhibitor is discussed.

PMID- 157522
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of backache.

PMID- 157523
TI  - The impact of infectious and allergic diseases on the quality of life.

PMID- 157524
TI  - [Transportation facilities offered by the S.N.C.F. (National Railway Services) to
      the handicapped and to young children traveling alone].

PMID- 157525
TI  - [Pattern of incoming calls to an emergency medical service station in a rural
      region].

PMID- 157526
TI  - [Work experience of a scientific and medical information group].

PMID- 157527
TI  - [Unity of health science and practice].

PMID- 157528
TI  - [Centennial of the V.I. Lenin Saratov Municipal Emergency Hospital].

PMID- 157530
TI  - [Experience in organizing endocrinological care for the population of Kaliningrad
      Province].

PMID- 157529
TI  - [A.P. Voskresenskii].

PMID- 157531
TI  - [Survey of the scientific achievements in the RSFSR on the problem of proctology
      over a 5-year period(1973-1977)].

PMID- 157532
TI  - Biomechanical considerations in the straight-leg-raising test. Cadaveric and
      clinical studies of the effects of medial hip rotation.
AB  - Studies of the sacral plexus have been made in six cadavers to demonstrate the
      increased tension due to medial hip rotation. A standard protocol was adopted for
      the straight-leg-raising test (SLR) and three qualifying tests--dorsiflexion of
      the ankle, medial hip rotation, and cervical flexion--when examining 442
      patients. Positive signs on medial hip rotation were frequently associated with
      evidence of increased tension and neurologic dysfunction of lumbosacral roots. It
      is concluded that uncontrolled hip rotation reduces the value of the SLR is a
      useful qualifying test for increased root tension, and that the diagnostic value
      and repeatability of SLR would be improved by adopting a standardized protocol.

PMID- 157534
TI  - Special education in parliament.

PMID- 157533
TI  - Intervertebral disc herniation in the adolescent.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients between 14 and 20 years of age underwent surgical treatment
      for intervertebral disc herniation over a 10-year period. Trauma was a
      significant factor in 59%. Back pain was a major complaint in all cases, and all
      but one had significant sciatic distress. Typical painful, restricted forward
      flexion was found in 22 cases. All patients had definite signs of nerve root
      tension. Nerve compression signs were present in 41%. Myelography was done in all
      cases, and discography was performed on 22 patients to aid in diagnosis and
      planning of definitive treatment. Twenty-three patients were followed over an
      average of 5.3 years. Excellent or good results were found in 89%. One patient
      required a further surgical procedure. Analyzing 12 procedures performed at the
      L5-S1 level demonstrated excellent results in all patients undergoing lumbosacral
      fusion combined with discotomy at this level in the presence of a normal L4-5
      discogram.

PMID- 157535
TI  - Special education in Nigeria.

PMID- 157536
TI  - Integration on an individual basis.

PMID- 157537
TI  - Adjusting designs to school use.

PMID- 157538
TI  - Movement and drama in Scotland.

PMID- 157539
TI  - Assessing children's performance.

PMID- 157540
TI  - Sixty years ago: hospital social work in 1918.
AB  - The year 1918 marked a juncture in the development of social work in health sare.
      During that year, the fledgling group of hospital social workers responded to
      needs created by World War I, the influenza pandemic, and epidemics of
      tuberculosis and venereal disease. At the same time, in order to meet these needs
      and to professionalize their services, they formed a professional organization,
      published two new journals, and expanded opportunities for professional
      education. Examination of these matters helps to explain the place and direction
      of hospital social work exactly 60 years ago.

PMID- 157541
TI  - Aorto-iliac reconstruction.

PMID- 157542
TI  - Femoro-popliteal and femoro-tibial reconstructions.

PMID- 157543
TI  - Aortic aneurysm: current status of surgical treatment.

PMID- 157544
TI  - Visceral artery syndromes and reconstructions.
AB  - Acute and chronic visceral ischemia are now well recognized clinical entities and
      extensive progress has been made in both the evaluation and treatment of patients
      with these lesions. The visceral vessels and the nature of their collateral
      pathways can also be of critical importance when dealing with other intra
      abdominal pathology. Poor anastomotic healing, or the formation of strictures and
      intestinal fistulas may result when the mesenteric circulation is slowly
      compromised. Hence, it is imperative that the visceral arteries, their lesions,
      and their collateral pathways be understood by all surgeons operating in the
      abdominal cavity.

PMID- 157545
TI  - Extraanatomic bypass grafts.

PMID- 157546
TI  - Management of complications after arterial reconstruction.

PMID- 157547
TI  - [Children and health. 6. Reach out to the handicapped].

PMID- 157548
TI  - [Danish Nursing Council's representative. VI. Aid to the handicapped where the
      public doesn't want to help].

PMID- 157549
TI  - [Study of 431 clients in the pediatric and adolescent department, Brejning Care
      Center. Young mentally retarded in day-and-night institute constitute a very
      difficult problem].

PMID- 157550
TI  - [What happens now].

PMID- 157551
TI  - [Study concerning the time-consuming, economic and psychological stress connected
      with having a severely retarded, homebound child between 6 and 14 years of age.
      Basic needs met only through considerable family effort].

PMID- 157552
TI  - [State's interpretation of care of handicapped on 1 January 1980. County
      communities get many responsibilities for service levels].

PMID- 157553
TI  - [Handicapped client should have the same provisions for assistance as other
      citizens, but the actual conditions tell a different story].

PMID- 157554
TI  - [Legislation on the provision of care for the mentally deficient and services for
      other handicapped].

PMID- 157555
TI  - [Is Hvidovre a pioneer community--or a singular phenomenon?].

PMID- 157556
TI  - [Children's dental care in Denmark 1974-75].

PMID- 157557
TI  - Genetic independence of the embryonic reactivity difference to cortisone- and 6
      aminonicotinamide-induced cleft palate in the mouse.
AB  - The A/J strain of mice is more reactive than C57BL/6J to both cortisone- and 6
      aminonicotinamide-induced cleft palate. A breeding study was set up to determine
      the genetic control of the differences in embryonic reactivity between the two
      strains to the two teratogens. In this paper the test for possible association
      between the two response traits is presented. In the second-backcross generation
      of embryos where segregation of the two traits could be studied no association
      was found. Therefore, any embryonic genes making major contributions to
      differences in reactivity between the two strains are not the same for the two
      teratogens.

PMID- 157559
TI  - High molecular weight kininogen: its inability to correct the clotting of
      kininogen-deficient plasma after cleavage of bradykinin by plasma kallikrein,
      plasmin or trypsin.

PMID- 157558
TI  - Correlation between mandibular retrognathia and induction of cleft palate with 6
      aminonicotinamide in the rat.
AB  - A single injection of the niacin antimetabolite 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) late
      in gestation produces cleft palate in the rat. In order to achieve an
      understanding of the mechanism of induction of cleft palate, craniofacial growth
      and palate development were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats after treatment with 6
      AN on day 15 of gestation. The rats were maintained on a high niacin diet (95
      ppm) and subjected to three different teratogenic levels of 6-AN. The first group
      was injected with 8 mg/kg, the second was fasted and injected with 8 mg/kg and
      the third was treated with 16 mg/kg. The lowest teratogenic dose, 8 mg/kg,
      produced mild mandibular retrognathia on day 16, delayed shelf elevation a few
      hours and resulted in small rostral and small caudal clefts of the secondary
      palate. The moderate dose, 8 mg/kg with fasting, produced more severe mandibular
      retrognathia, delayed shelf elevation about 24 hours and resulted in 37% full
      clefts and 63% partial clefts of the palate. The highest teratogenic dose, 16
      mg/kg, produced severe mandibular retrognathia, delayed shelf elevation by more
      than 24 hours and resulted in 100% full clefts of the palate. In each 6-AN group,
      the most severe mandibular retrognathia was present between days 16 and 17, the
      critical time for palate closure in the rat. Treatment with 6-AN also produced
      abnormality of the epithelial cells of the palate, the toothbuds and the nasal
      septum. Molar and incisor toothbuds were small and malformed, and the epithelial
      surfaces of the palate and the soft tissue nasal septum did not fuse.

PMID- 157560
TI  - Changes of adenosine triphosphatase activity in the testes of albino rats under
      combined influence of low-frequency vibration and intoxication with the herbicide
      "Ramrod".
AB  - The authors follow up the changes of the ATP-ase activity in the testes of albino
      rats under the influence of Ramrod and low-frequency vibrations, applied
      separately or in combination. They find that under the influence of a 30-days
      vibration period upon the gonads of the test animals, there appear changes in the
      energetic metabolism of a utilizing type, which manifest themselves with an
      increase of the enzyme activity. The intoxication with Ramrod during four months
      decreases that activity, whereas through prolongation of the intoxicating period
      the effect is reverse. The combination of both factors induces a synergetic
      action which is followed by a considerable increase of the ATP-ase activity.

PMID- 157561
TI  - Toxicology studies in mice, beagle dogs and rhesus monkeys given chlorozotocin
      (NSC 178, 248).
AB  - Chlorozotocin was studied for toxic effects in beagle dogs and rhesus monkeys.
      The results are the subject of this report. The compound was administered i.v. as
      single and 5 daily doses in dogs and monkeys; and, in dogs, as 10 consecutive
      daily doses, once weekly for 6 weeks and for 5 daily doses followed by 9 days
      rest repeated 3 times. The most prominent toxicities in both species were dose
      related renal tubular lesions. These appeared as a necrosis at the most toxic
      levels and a nephrosis at lower doses. The latter change was also seen in animals
      surviving higher doses but only after a 6-week posttreatment period. Bone marrow
      hypoplasia and lymphoid atrophy were other common findings at the highest doses
      in both species. The same general pattern of toxicity appeared in extended
      treatment studies in dogs, but also included aspermatogenesis. Signs of
      hepatotoxicity were seen in dogs at the highest dose levels, while monkeys
      receiving lethal doses also evidenced a toxic gastroenteritis. A single monkey
      had a diabetic response following 1 treatment with a high non-lethal dose. Renal
      lesions found in mice following acute, single dose administration were similar to
      those described for the larger laboratory animals.

PMID- 157562
TI  - [Acute neurotic reactions in children as a result of violent (pedophilic) acts].

PMID- 157563
TI  - [Dismemberment of the body in an automobile traffic injury].

PMID- 157564
TI  - [Prof. I. V. Markovin (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 157565
TI  - Structural alteration and destructive corneal disease.
AB  - There is good evidence that maintenance of the structural integrity of the human
      cornea carries with it significant advantages over and above the preservation of
      normal function. The breakdown in the protective layers of the cornea and
      invasion by blood vessels and lymphatics would seem to add greatly to the risk of
      recurrent inflammatory disease. There is a solid rationale, therefore, for the
      development of therapeutic principles aimed at preventing these structural
      changes from occurring.

PMID- 157567
TI  - The correlation of cadaver renal donor response in the mixed lymphocyte reaction
      with recipient renal allograft survival.

PMID- 157566
TI  - Pre- and posttransplantation immunologic monitoring assays for human cardiac
      transplantation.

PMID- 157568
TI  - Donor-specific CML hyporesponsiveness after successful renal transplantation:
      studies on the mechanism.

PMID- 157569
TI  - Suppressor cells and loss of in vitro killer cell inductiveness to donor cells in
      the peripheral blood lymphocytes of allograft recipients.

PMID- 157570
TI  - The genetics of LD2. I. Gene frequency: an estimation.

PMID- 157571
TI  - Histocompatibility and natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

PMID- 157573
TI  - Association between certain I-region-determined cell surface antigens and Ir-gene
      controlled immune responsiveness to distinct synthetic polypeptide antigens in
      wild rats.

PMID- 157572
TI  - Ia antigens in wild populations of rats.

PMID- 157574
TI  - Stimulation induced by autologous lymphocyte subpopulations from healthy subjects
      in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).

PMID- 157575
TI  - Cross-reactivity exists between Mlsa and Mlsd lymphocyte-activating determinants
      as demonstrated by the negative clonal selection of responder cells in a mixed
      lymphocyte reaction.

PMID- 157576
TI  - Analysis of the subpopulations of T blasts bearing insulin receptors obtained by
      1-g velocity sedimentation of murine mixed lymphocyte cultures.

PMID- 157577
TI  - Activity and molecular properties of mitogenic factors produced by mixed
      lymphocyte reactions (MLC-MF) in humans and guinea pigs.

PMID- 157578
TI  - Spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity and generation of HLA-unrelated cytotoxic
      effector cells during MLC in vitro.

PMID- 157579
TI  - Studies on the effect of anti-B-cell alloantisera in rats.

PMID- 157580
TI  - [Activation of plasminogen in its immobilization].
AB  - Plasminogen is established to be able of transforming into the plasmin-like is
      compound when it is immobilized on aminoethyl cellulose by means of glutaric
      aldehyde. The plasminogen immobilized in such a way manifests a caseinolytic
      activity and is not activated additionally by streptokinase. The plasminogen
      immobilized on bromocyanogen-activated sepharose and cellulose, like soluble
      proenzyme, has no activity of plasmin and retains the ability of being activated
      with streptokinase in catalytic amounts.

PMID- 157581
TI  - Von Garrelts' uroflowmeter. A technical evaluation.
AB  - Von Garrelts' uroflowmeter, commercially available, was tested at different true
      flow rates and jet velocities. The impact geometry was varied. Results show that
      flow-rate recording with von Garrelts' uroflowmeter is little influenced by
      variations of these parameters, and the instrument can be recommended for
      scientific and routine clinical use.

PMID- 157582
TI  - [The controlled TUR. Hydraulic stimulation of the external sphincter (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The demonstration of contractions of the external sphincter muscle is of good
      help for orientation in all transurethral resections of the bladder neck. A
      simple and reliable procedure is described producing contractions of the external
      sphincter muscle by hydraulic stimulation. This is achieved by sudden and
      repeated stop and flow of the irrigation fluid.

PMID- 157584
TI  - Efficacy of selected antimicrobial agents in treating diarrheal disease in
      neonatal lambs.

PMID- 157583
TI  - Siblings with prune belly syndrome and associated pulmonic stenosis, mental
      retardation, and deafness.
AB  - This is the fifth family in the literature with siblings having the prune belly
      syndrome. It is the first with associated pulmonary stenosis, mental retardation,
      and hearing deficit. A genetic factor is suggested as the primary cause of the
      syndrome.

PMID- 157585
TI  - Studies on the epidemiology of bovine parasitic bronchitis.
AB  - In the West of Scotland the epidemiology of parasitic bronchitis in grazing
      calves was studied over a two year period with the aid of tracer calves and
      herbage examinations for Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae. The observations of both
      years emphasised the importance of overwintered lungworm larvae as a source of
      disease. In the first year it was shown that the ingestion and development of
      these overwintered larvae were, by themselves, directly responsible for severe
      morbidity, high faecal larval counts and deaths. In the second year it was shown
      that pasture ungrazed during the winter and spring and from which a hay crop was
      removed in mid-summer was still capable of producing clinical parasitic
      bronchitis in susceptible calves within three to four weeks of their introduction
      in later summer. In both years there was some evidence that the outbreaks
      appeared to be associated with the sudden availability of infective larvae on the
      herbage. The possibility that such larvae may have survived for many months in
      the soil is discussed. Despite the heavy challenge with lungworm larvae
      experienced by the grazing calves in the first year those vaccinated with
      lungworm vaccine survived, their clinical signs were mild and of short duration
      and their faecal larval output was greatly reduced.

PMID- 157586
TI  - Efficacy of oxfendazole against natural infestations of nematodes and cestodes in
      sheep in Egypt.
AB  - Oxfendazole liquid suspension (Systamex; Wellcome) was administered orally at the
      dose of 4.5 mg per kg to 800 indigenous Egyptian sheep clinically affected with
      Dictyocaulus filaria, Moniezia expansa, Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia
      circumcincta, Nematodirus spp, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia curticei,
      Trichuris ovis and Oesophagostomum spp. A 100 per cent clearance was recorded for
      all parasites with the exception of T ovis which were markedly reduced in number.

PMID- 157587
TI  - Clinical syngamiasis in the grey-breasted helmet guinea fowl (Numida meleagridis
      galeata) and its treatment with thiabendazole.

PMID- 157588
TI  - Delayed development of Dictyocaulus viviparus infection.

PMID- 157589
TI  - Survival of Dictyocaulus viviparus infection on pasture.

PMID- 157590
TI  - Lungworm: (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi) infection in donkeys.
AB  - The clinical, parasitological and pathological findings in a group of six donkeys
      naturally infected with D arnfieldi larvae are described. One animal had to be
      sacrificed at an early date because it developed pneumonia. The remaining five
      were unthrifty, showed mild clinical respiratory signs and had heavy strongyle
      infections. They had varying numbers of adult worms in the airways of the lungs
      and eggs were found coiled up in the smaller bronchi where they had apparently
      lead to an obstruction to airflow in that segment. The most striking gross
      pathological changes were circular discrete areas of over-inflation surrounding
      such bronchi. Histologically the infected bronchi exhibited a marked
      bronchiolitis with goblet cell hyperplasia and a mainly lymphoid inflammatory
      infiltrate. These areas also showed a localised bronchiolitus and overinflated
      alveolar tissue although true emphysema was not present. It is postulated that
      the parasite is well-adapted to its host and is able to survive for long periods
      within the lung without causing a debilitating amount of damage to the host. The
      immunological aspects of the infection are discussed briefly.

PMID- 157591
TI  - Efficacy of mebendazole against Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in the donkey.
AB  - In a controlled trial in naturally infected donkeys the efficacy of mebendazole
      against Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection was evaluated. A powder formulation of
      mebendazole given orally at a dosage rate of 4.3 to 5.7 mg per kg per day for
      five days had no apparent effect on existing lungworm burdens. However a paste
      formulation of mebendazole given orally at a higher dosage rate of 15.2 to 20.0
      mg per kg per day for five days was 75 to 100 per cent effective in the removal
      of lungworms from individual animals.

PMID- 157592
TI  - The relationship between extracellular matrix vesicles and calcospherities in
      primary mineralization of neoplastic bone tissue. TEM and SEM studies on
      osteosarcoma.
AB  - Primary mineralization in neoplastic tissue was studied in osteosarcoma,
      correlating observations obtained by SEM to those found with TEM. The process is
      characterized by extracellular matrix vesicles, distributed in the matrix between
      the forming neoplastic cells and the calcifying fronts. The occurrence of
      osmiophilic material and solitary hydroxyapatite crystals within the vesicles is
      followed by accumulation of apatite crystals, disappearance of the vesicular
      membrane and formation of calcospherites and calcified fronts. The process
      described here in neoplastic tissue is essentially similar to primary
      calcification in normal calcified tissues.

PMID- 157593
TI  - Impairment of the glomerular filtration rate by glomerular and interstitial
      factors in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with normal serum creatinine
      concentration.

PMID- 157594
TI  - Pulmonary infection with capsule-deficient cryptococcus neoformans.
AB  - A case of bilateral lobar pneumonia due to Crytococcus neoformans is presented.
      The capsule-deficient fungal organisms within tissue were suggestive of
      Histoplasma capsulatum. Cultures grew Cryptococcus neoformans and there was
      cryptococcal antigen in the serum. Pulmonary cryptococcosis and the occurrence of
      unencapsulated cryptococci are reviewed. The important role both culture and the
      latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen play in the differential
      diagnosis of systemic fungal infections with over-lapping histopathology are
      discussed.

PMID- 157595
TI  - Phagocytosis of chromium during patellar osteoarthritic remodelling associated
      with a knee prosthesis.
AB  - The report is of an anatomico-pathological and electron probe microanalyzer study
      of a patella with osteoarthritic remodelling, that had been in contact with a
      cast cobalt-chromium-molybdenum prosthesis for two years and seven months.
      Abrasion of the metal resulted in preferential phagocytosis of chromium,
      principally in the wall of an osteoarthritis cyst. This observation indicates
      that a substance administered by intra-articular pathway for the treatment of
      osteoarthritis can become phagocytosed, and quite deeply, in the remodelled bone.

PMID- 157596
TI  - Orcein positive granules in the hepatocytes in chronic intrahepatic cholestasis.
      Morphological, histochemical and electron X-ray microanalytical examination.
AB  - The morphological characteristics of orcein positive granules in hepatocytes from
      11 patients with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis and from 2 newborn normal
      livers were studied. Histochemical investigations revealed their protein nature
      and many sulphydryl and/or disulphide groups. Copper was demonstrated in the
      granules by histochemical techniques and electron X-ray micronalysis. No
      difference was observed in the hepatic distribution and appearance of the
      granules between the livers of those with chronic cholestasis and the newborn.
      Ultrastructurally, a variety of electron dense granules were seen at the site of
      orcein positive granules in the hepatocytes of the patient with primary biliary
      cirrhosis. Some had a single-layered membrane and seem to be lysosomal
      derivatives. It is suggested that the copper in lysosomes seen in both chronic
      cholestasis and normal newborn livers, need not to be cytotoxic.

PMID- 157597
TI  - Course and spontaneous regression of acute pancreatitis in the rat.
AB  - Rat exocrine pancreatic function was studied structurally and biochemically after
      the in vivo production of actue interstitial pancreatitis by supramaximal
      stimulation with caerulein. Two major phases in the reaction of the gland were
      observed: During the first two days after cessation of the supramaximal
      stimulation a progressive infiltration of the interstitium and the pancreatic
      tissue with polymorphonuclear leucocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages occurred
      which led to further destruction of the gland and to decreased functional
      response. From two days after the cessation of the treatment, hypertrophy of
      centro-acinar cells and an increased rate of mitotic activity indicated
      regeneration of the pancreas. This was combined with an accelerated in vitro
      discharge of newly synthesized proteins over a period of four days. Between days
      three and six after the initial treatment mitotic activity was also observed in
      fully differentiated exocrine cells. Total structural and functional recovery of
      the pancreas was achieved nine to tweleve days after the cessation of the
      supramaximal stimulation.

PMID- 157598
TI  - Kidney tubule basement membrane alterations in type II membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Fourteen kidney biopsy specimens from nine patients with type II
      membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) were examined by electron
      microscopy for tubular basement membrane (TBM) alterations. In all biopsies,
      laminal densities, charateristic for type II MPGN, were present in the glomerular
      basement membranes. The TBM alterations observed included: 1) the presence of
      laminal, and/or discrete, and/or aggregated densities; 2)focal thickening; 3)
      multilamination; and, 4) vesicular structures. Laminal densities occurred in 6 of
      the 9 cases examined. All biopsies had TBM densities representative of at least
      one of the three forms. The occurrence of electron densities in or near the TBM
      in type II MPGN may have diagnostic value. In those biopsies where tissue is
      insufficient for immunofluorescence microscopy and where glomeruli are not found
      on electron microscopy, an electron microscopic search for densities associated
      with TBMs would be warranted. Although TBM-associated densities are not
      pathognomonic for type II MPGN, the observation of such densities, espically
      laminal densities, would be useful in complementing light miccrscopic and
      clinical findings.

PMID- 157599
TI  - Bone modelling processes at the endosteal surface of human femora. Scanning
      electron microscopical studies in normal bone and in renal osteodystrophy.
AB  - In femoral bone of 10 adult patients without bone disease and of 15 patients with
      secondary hyperparathyroidism, thy after nonmineralised organic material had been
      removed from the endosteal surface by sodium hypochlorite. This technique permits
      one to analyse the effects of past osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities. Im
      normal bone, the endosteal envelope shows a highly ordered texture: The main part
      of the inner surface is represented by fully mineralised smooth surfaces without
      evidence of apposition or resorption (so called neutral surfaces). In apposition
      areas, collagen fibers are still incompletely mineralised. Ordered mineral
      deposits are observed, consisting of spindleshaped calcospherites of uniform
      size. The resorption areas are sharply delimited. The resorption layer shows a
      small difference of level with respect to the surrounding neutral surface.
      Resorption areas consist of numerous lacunae with a smooth bottom. Individual
      lacunae are encircled by shallow ridges which run almost perpendicularly to the
      main direction of collagen fibers that have been exposed by resorption. These
      findings suggest that in normal bone osteoclasts act as a corrdinated group of
      cells. The direction of advance of the resorption area is to some extent
      influenced by the collagen pattern of bone. In patients with secondary
      hyperparathyroidism, domain formation of the endosteal surface can no longer be
      recognized. The size and shape of caleospherites are extremely heterogeneous, a
      finding interpreted as evidence of formation of woven bone. Resorption areas are
      irregularly determined and often resemble worm-eaten wood. The planes of
      resorption vary in direction and depth and in general resorption cavities
      penetrate deeper than in normal bone. These findings point to loss of coordinated
      cell action under the influence of hyperparathyroidism. The observations suggest
      that in hyperparathyroidism endosteal cells do not respond to local factors which
      influence endosteal cell activities in modelling processes of normal bone. Such
      local factors consist of the pattern of collagen andlamellar organisation on one
      hand and mechanical forces presumably via pizo-electrical potentials, on the
      other. In hyperparathyroidism the interdependence between bone matrix texture and
      spatial orientation of bone surface lining cell activities is lost.

PMID- 157600
TI  - A new, simple method for intraoperative fast diagnosis.
AB  - The suitability of stain-coated, ready-to-use slides (Testsimplets) for routine
      staining of intraoperative imprint-cytology preparations is discussed. The
      microscopic preparations are easily and quickly prepared, may be evaluated
      immediately and, with a slight loss of quality, may be kept for up to a week
      after application of paraffin to the cover glass. This method produces
      interpretable slides from cell-rich benign and malignant tumors. It is by no
      means a complete substitute for the usual fast-section techniques, but may be
      used in order to save time.

PMID- 157601
TI  - The production of lesions in the rabbit kidney by xenoperfusion with fresh human
      blood.

PMID- 157602
TI  - Rat liver alterations after chronic treatment with hexachlorobenzene.
AB  - Groups of female rats were treated orally with 0.5, 2.0, 8.0, and 32 mg/kg
      hexachlorobenzene twice a week for 203 days. The liver content of
      hexachlorobenzene was found to be dose-dependent. In the animals treated with the
      highest dose the concentration was 273 mug/g hexachlorobenzene. In the fresh and
      fixed hepatic tissue of the treated animals pink fluorescence was observed.
      Electron microscopy revealed a dose dependent enlargement of all hepatocytes due
      to proliferation of the SER in the centrolobular area or to increased glycogen
      deposits (beta- or alpha-particles) and SER in the intermediary and periportal
      area. Numerous porphyrin deposits and siderosomes, intimate disorganisation and
      moderate dislocation of the RER and a moderate enlargement of bizarre-sharped
      mitochondria were recognized. The relationship between porphyrin crystals and
      mitochondria on the one hand and between SER and glycogen deposits on the other
      is discussed.

PMID- 157603
TI  - The ultrastructure of the various forms of pulmonary arterial intimal fibrosis.
AB  - Intimal fibrosis of muscular pulmonary arteries may present in various forms and
      in varying degrees of severity according to the underlying condition. In patients
      with pulmonary hypertension, the type of initimal fibrosis is often significant
      with regard to prognosis and reversibility. For these reasons we have studied the
      ultrastructure of the thickened intimal layer in aged individuals, where intimal
      fibrosis occurs as a normal age change, and in patients with pulmonary
      hypertension associated with fibrosis of the lungs, mitral stenosis, chronic
      pulmonary thromboembolism and plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy (either primary
      or secondary to congenital cardiac defects). In all these forms of intimal
      fibrosis, the cellular component of the subendothelial intimal layer was
      apparently almost exclusively the smooth muscle cell. The cells usually had a
      haphazard arrangement. In primary and secondary plexogenic pulmonary
      arteriopathy, however, there was a more regular circumferential arrangement. The
      ultrastructural evidence suggested that the intimal cells were derived from
      medial smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 157604
TI  - Electron microscopic study on the medial defect at the apex of human cerebral
      arterial bifurcations.

PMID- 157605
TI  - Purification of human intestinal goblet cell antigen (GOA), its
      immunohistological demonstration in the intestine and in mucus producing
      gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.
AB  - Goblet cell antigen (GOA) was purified from gastric signet ring cell carcinoma.
      It was immunogenic and was used to produced antisera which stained goblet cells
      of the small and large intestine and of intestinalized gastric mucosa by indirect
      immunological methods. Various types of gastric and colonic cancer contained GOA.
      These findings demonstrate a histiogenic relationship between intestinal goblet
      cells, various gastrointestinal cancers and associated premalignant conditions.

PMID- 157606
TI  - Extensive hepatic cell necrosis produced by the Shwartzman mechanism.
AB  - Acute, severe, and extensive necrosis of the liver was produced in pregnant and
      non-pregnant female adult rabbits by the Shwartzman mechanism. Shwartzman reagent
      (E. coli endotoxin) was administered in various combinations by three routes of
      injection, the portal vein (mesenteric vein), the bile duct, and the ear vein.
      Morphologic changes of the extrahepatic organs were minimal. The similarity to
      massive necrosis in human liver and the effect of pregnancy on hepatic necrosis
      in rabbit and man were discussed. The lesion is presented as a new animal model
      for acute massive hepatic necrosis and is proposed as a third category of
      Shwartzman reaction, designated the univisceral type.

PMID- 157607
TI  - Muscle spindles in rheumatoid arthritis. An ultrastructural study.
AB  - Ultrastructural features of muscle spindles were studied in biopsy material from
      100 patients suffering from classical rheumatoid arthritis. Thickening of the
      outer capsule, increased amount of extracellular ground substance within the
      inner capsule, and marked thickening of the basement membrane of capillary blood
      vessels supplying the muscle spindles were observed. Chronic inflammatory cells
      and macrophages were present within the spindles. Changes affecting the
      intrafusal muscle fibres were also seen. They were manifest as atrophy and
      degeneration of the intrafusal muscle fibres, absence of the specialised
      junctional complexes, and of the intercellular bridges, microladders and
      satellite cells. It is suggested that the changes affecting the intrafusal muscle
      fibres are probably secondary. Damage to the myelinated nerves was present, while
      the sensory and motor nerve endings were well preserved.

PMID- 157608
TI  - The fine structure of meningiomas: an attempted classification.
AB  - We examined 23 meningiomas by electron microscopy. In each case it was possible
      to distinguish certain cells with epithelial features (desmosomes,
      microfliaments, interdigitating extensions) and others with fibroblastic features
      (collagen fibers). Others cells of transitional form were also seen. The
      proportion of these cellular types is variable, making it possible to classify
      meningiomas into seven types of progressing gradually from a purely epithelial
      type to a purely fibroblastic one.-We found no important ultrastructural
      abnormalities in the cells. These case reports confirm the uniqueness of
      meningiomas, which are composed of variously shaped cells but have their origin
      from a single cellular type. This has double potentiality for fibroblastic and
      epithelial differentiation.

PMID- 157609
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on axonal swelling in the human gracile nucleus.
AB  - The morphology of the spheroids in human gracile nuclei was studied by light and
      electron microscopy. Various spheroids encountered in the present study could be
      classified into three types based on the internal structure: The first one was
      chiefly composed of many irregular homogeneous dense bodies, multivesicular
      bodies seemed to deposit multicentrically in an axon in the early stage of
      "ballon" formation and coalesce to form larger ones. The second was characterized
      by a marked accumulated of closely approximated mitochondria and dense concentric
      bodies. In the third the most characteristic findings were neurofibrillary
      accumulation and aggregations of dense bodies. These findings showed some
      divergence from those of dystrophic axons and the last two mimic those of
      degenerative or regenerative axons, which suggested that axonal swelling
      (including dystrophic axon) is not characteristic reaction of specific disease
      but rather nonspecific one to a variety of noxious stimuli. With light
      microscope, it was difficult to distinguish balloons with different structures
      since they were quite diverse and manifold in their shape, size, appearance and
      stainability. Intra-axonal corpora amylacea were seen in most cases and their
      incidence appeared to be nonspecific for any diseases.

PMID- 157611
TI  - [Erwin Uehlinger's 80th birthday].

PMID- 157610
TI  - Maglignant giant cell tumor of tendon sheath.
AB  - A benign, but aggressive, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath developed over a
      period of 20 years into a metasasizing, histologiclly malignant giant cell tumor.
      Ultrastructure of the malignant tumor showed the same five cell types as
      described in giant cell tumors of tendon sheath. Even the same crystals were
      identified in the osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells. It therefore appears
      reasonable to assume that giant cell tumors of tendon sheath indeed are neoplasms
      with a malignant potential and not an inflammatory with partial osseous
      differentiation. No ultrastructural similarities with fibrous histiocytoma were
      apparent.

PMID- 157612
TI  - Malignant Schwannoma associated with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.
AB  - A series of 46 malignant schwannomas occurring in soft parts of patients having
      von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis was analyzed. The diagnosis of malignant
      schwannoma was based upon the occurrence of malignant spindled cells closely
      resembling Schwann cells in the neoplasm and the close association or origin of
      the malignant schwannoma in a neurofibroma (27 tumors), or a large peripheral
      nerve (31 tumors). Additional histologic features useful in making the diagnosis
      of malignant schwannoma included the arrangement of the spindled tumor cells in a
      whorled pattern about thin-walled, gaping blood vessels, perivascular cellular
      proliferation and the presence of prominent myxoid stroma containing abundant
      hyaluronidase-sensitive acid mucopolysaccharides. Nuclear palisading was present
      in only one case. Eight tumors containing both neoplastic Schwann cells and
      rhabdomyoblasts and five containing both neoplastic Schwann cells and
      rhabdomyoblasts (malignant "Triton" tumors) and five containing foci of malignant
      cartilage cells were included in the series. The neoplasms occurred principally
      in adults (median age, 34 years) and were most common in the lower extremity (18
      cases) and retroperitoneum (11 cases). A mass with or without pain was the most
      common presenting symptom (28 cases). The median size of excised tumors was 11
      cm. The malignant schwannomas were highly malignant neoplasms, causing the death
      of 39 patients within five years and two patients within 6--10 years after
      diagnosis. Only four patients were alive and free of tumor 5--15 years after
      diagnosis.

PMID- 157613
TI  - [Rule of homology and morbid anatomy (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. According to J.W. Goethe, morphology is a theory of evolution, H. Braus
      defined it as a theory of historic incidents, and according to D. Starck
      morphology is the role of shapes of the organisms. 2. The term homology was
      coined by morphologic researchers. Of course, it is used nowadays also in
      mathematics, chemistry, and linguistics and other logic matters. 3. Homologies
      have a special position in Goethe's work on the theory of types. Goethe's
      morphologic research and Schiller's aesthetic speculations are considered to be
      the origin of a 'typologic point of view.' 4. Coherences of Platon's theory of
      ideas and Goethe's theory of types are scrutinized. The theory of shapes
      ('Gestalt theory') is inconceivable without Platon's theory, and scientic
      morphology is inconceivable without shapes, either, and according to C. v.
      Ehrenfels "Gestaltphilosophie" could not exist without the shapes of Platon's
      theory. 5. It is shown that without Gestalt philosophy one cannot comprehend the
      following coherences: Gestalt (shape) as an idea, idea as a type of Goethe's
      rule, type as an element of the theory of homologies and even of constitution. 6.
      Homology will be constituted using certain criterions: a) detection of an equal
      descent, b) equal position of organismic structures in individuals, c) evidence
      of interpositions, and d) certain qualities of parts which are compared with each
      other. Homologous structures may be dissimilar in their architecture. 7. The term
      homology is explained a) by giving an analysis of morphologic and teratologic
      lines, b) by scrutinizing froms of symmetry, and c) by presenting the
      histopathology of topographical diverse but according to the morphogenetic mode
      coinciding tumours which are resembling each other in their microscopic patterns.
      8. The application of the rule of homology in the morphologic investigation of
      diseases proves to be a) valuable from a heuristic point of view, b) an
      instrument of communication to characterize comparable matters, c) a means of
      classification, and d) a basic requirement to uncover inconceivable correlations
      of morphologic patterns in the first instance and then a basis for the prognosis
      findings which may be expected in the future. So far the didactic value of proven
      homologies is inestimably great. 9. The application of the rules of homology in
      morbild anatomy requires controls by 'regulatives.' There are: a) all facts must
      be born in mind, b) the rules of the mathematical logic, those of demonstrative
      and plausible conclusions need to be taken into consideration, and c) the
      criterions of Ehrenfels should be applied accurately. 10. At the contact surface
      of two scientific fields special difficulties may emerge. As far as contemporary
      pathology is concerned, elements of the Arts should be assimilated. This
      challenge is by no means a novel one. Covered traces of it could be found in our
      archive 50 years ago. We should not forget but keep in mind these elements.

PMID- 157614
TI  - Seminoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells. A special form of seminoma.
AB  - Testicular seminomas may occur in various forms, of which the classical and
      spermatocytic are distinct, the anaplastic or atypical seminomas, however, less
      clearly defined. Lately, a separate group of particular clinical significance,
      comprising seminomas with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells (STGC), has been
      specified. Although this type of seminoma had been recognized morphologically
      long ago, recent investigations have shown its ability to secret HCG, a fact that
      raises serious difficulties in its differential diagnosis with combined seminomas
      and choriocarcinomas. Two cases of seminomas with STGC are presented and
      pertinent clinical and morphologic problems discussed.

PMID- 157615
TI  - [The modern significance of autopsies in controlling Public Health (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 157616
TI  - [The monomorphic salivary duct adenoma. Classification and analysis of 79 cases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 157617
TI  - Regression of atherosclerosis in primates.

PMID- 157618
TI  - Cellular pathology of the rat aorta. Pseudo-vacuoles and myo-endothelial herniae.

PMID- 157619
TI  - Deuterium isotope effects on lymphoid tissues and humoral antibody responses in
      mice.

PMID- 157620
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on the evolution of amyloidosis in the cyclic
      hematopoietic (CH) dog.
AB  - Electron microscopy studies were made on tissues of cyclic hematopoietic (CH)
      dogs of various ages presenting a high incidence of spontaneous amyloidosis. The
      distribution and morphologic characteristics of amyloidosis in this animal model
      closely correspond to the secondary and familial forms of the disease in humans.
      Plasma cells and, particularly, macrophages presented marked changes during the
      evolution of amyloid deposition. Residual bodies in the macrophages contained
      abundant cell debris, a result of both endocytic and autophagocytic activities.
      Intracellular amyloid fibrils were not observed by conventional electron
      microscopy. A few reticular cells contained intracytoplasmic fibrils which were
      morphologically different from amyloid. There was no correlation between the
      amount of intracellular fibrils and the size of the extracellular amyloid
      deposits. On the contrary, a temporal association between the magnitude of the
      amyloid deposits and cytoplasmic changes in the macrophages at sequential stages
      of the evolution of the disease was evident. It is suggested that the
      hematopoietic defect in the CH dog could play an important role in the production
      of amyloidosis, making this animal an excellent experimental model for studies of
      that disease.

PMID- 157621
TI  - [The fine structure of treated Graves' disease. Morphological alterations after
      preoperative therapy with iodide, thionamides and lithium (author's transl)].

PMID- 157622
TI  - ["Malabsorptive" dermatitis herpetiformis. A study with particular regard to
      biopsy findings of the small intestine (author's transl)].
AB  - 21 patients (6 females and 15 males) with Dermatitis herpetiformis have been
      studied with special considerations of the small intestinal biopsy-findings.
      During this investigation the patient's mean age was 45 years (20-68) and the
      mean age at onset was 38 years (17-64). In 5 patients (23.8%) total villous
      atrophy (group I) and in 4 patients (19.0%) a severe partial or subtotal villous
      trophy (group II) was found on small intestinal biopsy. The sprue-like changes
      were patchy lesions. Histocompatibility-antigens of type HLA-AL were found in
      38.1% and of type HLA-B8 in 47.6%. After 20 years of the disease one patient died
      of a malignant lymphoma of the intestine (immunoblastic sarcoma). In all patients
      the number of interepithelial lymphocytes in the small bowel mucose was
      significantly increased, as it was in those patients with a normal villous
      pattern (group III). In a quantitative analysis of specifically labeled
      (peroxidase-anti-perosidase complex) IgG-, IgA- and IgM-cells in the intestinal
      mucosa it was found that the number of all three plasma cell classes are
      increased significantly (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 157623
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary artery. A light and electronmicroscopical study.
AB  - A 25-year-old man with chest pain and shortness of breath was found to have a
      primary sarcoma of the pumonary artery. On light- and electronmicroscopy and
      immunofluorescence microscopy the lesion was found to be composed of cells of
      smooth muscle origin. It was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. The cross and
      microscopic features of the tumor are described and the morphologic
      characteristics of previously reported vascular sarcomas are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 157624
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma of optic chiasm, optic nerves and right optic tract. Case
      report and review of literature.
AB  - Diminishing right ocular visual acuity for three weeks in a 30 year old man was
      confirmed by examination. Bilateral scotomata and bitemporal hemiachromatopsia
      indicated a chiasmal lesion; reduced visual acuity and Marcus Gunn pupil of the
      right eye and left relative temporal hemianopia indicated asymmetric involvement.
      Erythrocytes in the CSF verified a suspected subarachnoid bleed; contrast
      enhanced CAT scan demonstrated a suprasellar mass. A cystic, multiloculated,
      bluish mass distorted the right optic nerve, tract, and chiasm. A hematoma was
      evacuated and biopsy revealed a cavernous hemangioma of the right optic nerve.
      Post-operatively, visual acuity has recovered in the right eye but a left
      homonymous temporal hemianopia has developed.

PMID- 157625
TI  - Peliosis hepatis as a result of endogenous steroid hormone production.
AB  - A case of peliosis hepatis in a 3 year old child with steroid hormone producing
      adreanl tumour is presented. The diagnosis of the adrenal tumour and peliosis
      hepatis was settled on the basis of surgical material examination. This case of
      peliosis hepatis due to endogenous steroid production lends more support to the
      earlier reported cases of iatrogenically produced peliosis due to exogenous
      steroid treatment.

PMID- 157627
TI  - [Effectiveness of the overall treatment of cardiovascular disease patients in the
      central highlands region of Issyk-Kul].

PMID- 157626
TI  - [Effect of comprehensive treatment, including Azatavan sodium chloride
      iodobromine mineral baths, on ischemic heart disease patients].

PMID- 157628
TI  - [Mucopolysaccharides, collagen and calcium of bone regenerate in replacing a bone
      defect by a method of unilocular compression-distraction osteosynthesis].
AB  - Intensive synthesis of collagen, which constitutes the basis of organic matrix in
      bone tissue, was observed in the regenerate developed during compression
      distractional osteoxynthesis. The organic matrix of the regenerate was quickly
      mineralized; after termination of the distraction it contained more than a half
      of calcium as compared with the mature bone of healthy animals. Relatively low
      accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the regenerate appears to depend on
      development of favourable conditions of its blood supply together with suitable
      fixation of bone fragments.

PMID- 157629
TI  - [Experience in organizing a clinical and polyclinical center for the
      rehabilitation of enuresis patients].

PMID- 157630
TI  - [Isolated traumatic diplegia of the facial nerve].

PMID- 157632
TI  - [Experience with the comprehensive treatment of onychomycosis].

PMID- 157631
TI  - [Effect of the industrial microclimate on the thermal state of the body of women
      under high temperatures and humidity].

PMID- 157633
TI  - [Adenosine triphosphoric acid content and adenosine triphosphatase activity in
      eczema].

PMID- 157634
TI  - Enzyme activity in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria-like red cells.

PMID- 157636
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of back pain--a rare case of spondylitis].

PMID- 157635
TI  - [Contribution to the clinical diagnosis of trisomy 21 on the basis of analysis of
      variance and discriminance].

PMID- 157637
TI  - [Juvenile traumatic subcutaneous rupture of the abdominal wall].

PMID- 157638
TI  - [Extension of the diagnostic possibilities in the evaluation of noise-induced
      hearing loss by means of evoked response audiometry].

PMID- 157639
TI  - Testosterone metabolism in normal males and male cirrhotics.
AB  - The following physiopathological mechanisms for the abnormalities of testosterone
      metabolism observed in cirrhotic patients may be postulated: 1. The decreased
      testosterone secretion has a primary testicular origin; it seems probable that,
      as a result of direct toxicity the 17-beta-reductase is inhibited, resulting in
      decrease of testosterone and an increase of androstenedione. 2. The hypothalamic
      pituitary function is nearly normal in cirrhotics. Basal level of LH and FSH are
      often slightly elevated, indicating a normal reactivity of the pituitary. 3. The
      conversion of androgens to oestrogens (androstenedione to oestrone) which occurs
      essentially extrahepatically, is increaed in cirrhosis.

PMID- 157640
TI  - [Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis].

PMID- 157641
TI  - [Total lipids, cholesterol and phospholipids in sebum and serum in various
      seborrhoic diseases].

PMID- 157642
TI  - [Metronidazole (Flagyl) as a therapy variant in "rosacea" and in "perioral
      dermatitis" (preliminary report)].

PMID- 157643
TI  - [Echocardiographic studies on athletes of various sport-types and non-athletic
      persons (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of echocardiographic studies on 90 athletes representing various
      sport-types and 18 non-athletic persons are presented. The intracardiac diameter
      measured by echocardiography was proportional to the heart volume determined
      radiologically. The thickness of the septum and posterior heart wall compared to
      the internal heart diameter was greater in athletes with static exercise than in
      endurance athletes. This must be interpreted as a tendency to concentric
      hypertrophy. In endurance athletes this relationship tended to be less than in
      non-athletic persons. In addition stroke volume and cardiac output at rest was
      higher in endurance athletes than in athletes with static exercise and non
      athletic persons. At rest no variations in parameters of heart muscle
      contractility related to heart size or sport-type could be detected.

PMID- 157644
TI  - [Ventricular and myocardial function in mitral regurgitation (author's transl)].
AB  - Left ventricular and myocardial performance were analyzed in 9 patients with
      chronic volume overload by mitral regurgitation from biplane cineventriculograms,
      simultaneous pressure recordings and cardiac output (thermodilution method)
      determinations. In spite of a considerable regurgitant fraction (49 +/- 17% of
      total stroke volume) cardiac index on the average is normal (CI = 3.3 +/- 0.7 l .
      min-1). The main compensatory mechanism to maintain cardiac ouput in hypertorphy
      (WED = 1.1 +/- 0.2 cm; LVMI = 216 +/- 62 g . m-2; LVMI/EDVI = 1.3 +/- 0.3 g . ml
      1) and dilatation (EDVI = 163 +/- 37 ml . m-2). An increase of preload is of
      minor importance (PLVED = 15 +/- 7 mmHg; sigma ED = (40 +/- 19) x 10(3) dyn . cm
      2). Left ventricular enlargement and wall mass are related to the degree of
      clinical heart failure (NYHA). Enddiastolic volume on the average is more
      increased than total stroke volume (89 +/- 31 ml . m-2). Ejection fraction (EF =
      54 +/- 7%) was depressed despite a normal afterload (sigma tej = (171 +/- 37 x
      10(3) dyn. cm-2; sigma max = (247 +/- 48 x 10(3) dyn . cm-2). The reduced
      ejection fraction and diminished myocardial power are related to an impairment of
      myocardial function (VMW . sigma tej = (83 +/- 39) x 10(3) dyn . cm-2 . s-1; VMW
      . sigma tej/ln sigma ED = 7.9 +/- 3.6 x 10(3) dyn . cm-2 . s-1). In comparable
      degrees of heart failure myocardial function is more compromised in patients with
      mitral than with aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 157645
TI  - Comparative cytomorphology of the avian adrenocortical tissue.
AB  - The histology and histochemistry of the interrenal gland of twenty avian species
      have been described in this report. The avian interrenal tissue, on the basis of
      nuclear orientation and other cytomorphic features, can be classified into six
      cytologically distinct types. Cytomorphic organization within the interrenal
      tissue of these avian species also indicates some regional demarcation into
      subcapsular and central zones. Zonal demarcation in the interrenal tissue of
      these birds has also been indicated from chemocytological investigation.
      Paradoxically not much of correspondence was noticed in the cytologic and
      cytochemical patterns. The cytological and cytochemical studies fail to indicate
      any phylogenetic trend within the interrenal tissue of the birds under
      investigation.

PMID- 157646
TI  - Physiological adaptation in relation to hyperosmotic stress in the epidermis of a
      fresh-water teleost Barbus sophor (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae): a histochemical
      study.
AB  - The changes in distribution of mucopolysaccharides, glycogen and protein bound
      sulphydryl groups of cysteine in the various cellular components of the epidermis
      of Barbus sophor along with its structural alterations as a result of
      hyperosmotic stress, have been described using histochemical techniques. The
      hyperosmotic saline induces a cyclic secretion of acid mucopolysaccharides by the
      mucous cells. Simultaneously the polygonal cells also show a marked disturbance
      in the processes of mucogenesis and keratinization, indicating an inverse
      relationship between the degree of keratinization and the amount of mucus
      secreted by epidermis. The role of glycogen in the polygonal cells has been
      discussed in relation to disturbed mucogenesis. The appearance of intercellular
      spaces in basal layer and middle layer has been correlated with the passage for
      movement of increased amounts of nutrients through the skin.

PMID- 157647
TI  - [Beta-pyridyl-carbinol in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 157648
TI  - [Functional significance of the clotting and anticlotting of the blood in the
      development of malignant neoplasms in the body].

PMID- 157649
TI  - [Primary visual cortex response recovery cycles caused by pharmacologic and
      electrical effects on the monoaminergic systems of the rat brain].
AB  - The recovery cycles (RC) of primary responses in the visual cortex were studied
      in alert rats following the electrical stimulation of raphe nuclei and locus
      coeruleus as well as following pharmacological and complex (electrical and
      pharmacological) actions on serotonin- and noradrenergic brain systems. It was
      found that both electrical and pharmacological actions on the above monoaminergic
      systems reduce the duration and depth of relative non-reactivity phase of RC.
      Complex (electrical and pharmacological) action leads to heterodirectional
      changes in RC. The character of these changes reflects the reciprocity existing
      in functional interrelations between serotonin- and noradrenergic brain systems.
      The probable connection of the found effects with memory mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 157650
TI  - [Experience in medical service to the population in mass agricultural operations
      in Ipatovo District].

PMID- 157652
TI  - [Organizational problems of medical care for patients with acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 157651
TI  - [Basic trends in perinatal mortality in the country and the factors influencing
      its level].

PMID- 157653
TI  - [Respiratory organ diseases in the workers of animal raising farm complexes in
      Leningrad Province].

PMID- 157654
TI  - [Experience in using electronic computer technology in the medical health unit of
      the Ufa Motor Building Manufacturing Association].

PMID- 157655
TI  - [Experience in organizing medical care for the rural population of Vladimir
      Province].

PMID- 157656
TI  - [Work experience in developing physical education and sports among the students
      at a medical college].

PMID- 157657
TI  - [Work experience of a city polyclinic collective in preventing complaints from
      the population].

PMID- 157658
TI  - [Training of medical personnel in the years of the 1st Five-Year Plans].

PMID- 157659
TI  - [Improvement in the management of obstetrical and gynecological care in a rural
      locality].

PMID- 157660
TI  - [Plasma androgen levels in Papio hamadryas pavian hamadrils at different periods
      of postnatal development].
AB  - Using radioimmunological assay, it has been demonstrated that at the age of 0.5,
      1 and 2 years sexual differences are absent in the concentration of testosteron,
      5 alpha-dihydrotestosteron, dehydroepiandrosteron and delta 4-androstendion in
      the blood plasma. The level of testosteron in sexually immature animals does not
      differ from that in adult females. In sexually mature baboons, testosteron
      content was found to be more than 20 times higher. The activity of 5 alpha
      reductase, checked by the ratio of concentrations of testosteron and 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosteron, in adult males was 4 times lower than in sexually immature
      animals. No significant changes in delta 4-androstendion concentration were noted
      during the development of androgenic function. Dehydroepiandrosteron content of
      the peripheral blood in immature baboons is several times higher than that in
      adult animals, which may be associated with postnatal activity of embryonic zone.

PMID- 157662
TI  - [In memory of Tat'iana Ignat'evna Gol'dovskaia].

PMID- 157661
TI  - [Human IgG subclass study. II. The levels of the individual IgG subclasses in
      paired sera from mothers and newborn infants as well as in the blood sera of
      inhabitants of an isolated northern village].
AB  - The levels of the first 3 subclasses of IgG, as determined by the radial
      immunodiffusion test, proved to be similar in the blood sera obtained from
      mothers and newborns in Moscow. The concentration of IgG4 was 0.64 +/- 0.02 g/l
      iently indicative of a limited passage of IgG4 molecules through the placenta.
      The inhabitants of an isolated northern village were found to have the
      inheritable combined deficit of IfG2 and IgG3 synthesis in their blood sera,
      which was probably due to the prolonged processes of inbreeding and the
      progenitor effect.

PMID- 157663
TI  - Effect of some heterocyclic compounds on human semen composition and biology.
AB  - The effect of some heterocyclic compounds on some aspects of human semen
      metabolism was studied. Caffeine produced stimulation of motility and lactic acid
      production and an inhibition of fructose utilization and oxygen uptake.
      Nicotinamide and riboflavin produced stimulation of motility, fructose
      utilization and oxygen uptake and an inhibition of lactic acid production.

PMID- 157664
TI  - [Histotopochemical and electronmicroscopical investigations of Wistar-rats with
      streptozotocin diabetes (author's transl)].
AB  - 15 streptozotocin-diabetic wistar rats (an application of a single dose of 64
      mg/kg body weight streptozotocin) and a control group of 12 wistar rats with a
      healthy metabolism have been examined. The majority of B-cells was largely
      degranulated, insulin was hardly or not to be found with histochemical methods.
      The A- and B-cells of 11 test animals showed pathological findings: Karyolysis,
      the dissolution of cell membranes and the decay of cytoplasm which are criteria
      of necrosis. Besides a round-cell infiltration could be found as a symptom of
      insulitis. The B-cells showed only single granula under the electron microscope.
      The endoplasmatic reticulum was only poorly developed and with hardly any
      ribosomes. There were only very little mitochondria and no GOLGI's apparatus. The
      cell membrane was smooth and not enlarged by microvilli. Emiocytosis-figures were
      missing. No changes of nuclei could be noticed. The findings on organelles
      correlate well with the microscopical results. The exocrine parenchyma contained
      regions showing the decay of the lobule structure as well as of single acini. The
      acinus cells were in necrosis. The connective tissue was obviously increased.
      There were regions in the stroma with a round-cell infiltration as found with a
      pancreatitis. Both these and the results discussed from our literature show that
      streptozotocin does not only affect the B-cells of the islets of LANGERHANS, but
      also the exocrine pancreas and other organs.

PMID- 157665
TI  - Studies on the superprecipitation of actomyosin in isoproterenol-induced cardiac
      hypertrophy.
AB  - Superprecipitation of normal and hypertrophic cardiac actomyosin--made from
      individually purified cardiac myosin and skeletal F-actin-, compared with that of
      synthetic skeletal actomyosin was investigated. A proportional relationship was
      found between the extent maximum of superprecipitation (Emax) and the
      concentration of actomyosin complex in the range of 0.1-0.5 mg protein/ml. At 3 X
      10(-5) M ATP the Emax was higher in the case of skeletal actomyosin than ardiac
      actomyosin. At 1.5 X 10(-4) M ATP the superprecipitation was preceded by clearing
      phase and the time required for the half-maximal increase of turbidity (t//2) was
      longer for cardiac actomyosin than skeletal actomyosin. The superprecipitation
      was promoted by decreasing Mg2+ concentration, while the increase in Mg2+
      concentration inhibited the superprecipitation and caused the prolongation of
      clearing phase. The decreased superprecipitation of the actomyosin from
      hypertrophied hearts and the narrower potassium chloride concentration range, in
      which the superprecipitation took place, may be the consequence of the
      significantly lower ATPase activity.

PMID- 157666
TI  - Contraction properties and functional morphology of the avian stapedius muscle.
AB  - The influence of the stapedius muscle contraction on middle ear volume and
      acoustic impedance was investigated in the chicken, Gallus gallus. The time
      course of twitch responses to electrical stimulation (measured as volume and
      impedance changes) was found to be largely independent of the stimulus voltage,
      having a contraction time of 22 ms and a half-relaxation time of 22 ms. The
      stapedius muscle was therefore characterized as a fast twitch muscle. Slow
      contraction properties were also revealed: A summation of responses to repetitive
      stimulation beginning at 2.5 Hz and a slow decline to baseline were seen in
      volume and impedance change recordings. The morphological characteristics were
      consonant with that of a homogeneously fast muscle: Only fibres with high ATPase
      activity were identified and no fibres with "en grappe" or multiple innervation
      were observed. The slow characteristics were suggested to be due to visco-elastic
      elements in the middle ear. The chicken stapedius muscle is suggested to be
      analogous to both the stapedius and the tensor tympani of mammals.

PMID- 157667
TI  - Transverse diameter of chest and heart after birth asphyxia in the newborn
      infant.
AB  - The transverse diameter of the chest and heart was measured in 745 newborn
      infants after birth asphyxia. Both diameters showed a good correlation with birth
      weight. The great individual variations of the measurements were due to different
      degrees of birth asphyxia observed in the infants and to their different
      responses to compensate asphyxia. A wet lung and an increased transverse diameter
      of the chest (above the 90th percentile) indicate a good, and a decreased
      transverse diameter of the chest (bellow the 10th percentile) indicate a bad
      prognosis for survival. The cardiomegaly usually disappears after the first 12
      hours of life, but in some cases it persists for more than 5 days, depending on
      the severity of birth asphyxia.

PMID- 157668
TI  - Partial purification and properties of bovine heart catalase.
AB  - Catalase was partially purified (about 380-fold purification) from the post
      mitochondrial supernatant of bovine heart and compared with catalases from bovine
      erythrocytes and bovine liver. The electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel
      (pH 8.0) of heart catalase was the same as that of erythrocyte catalase and was
      smaller than that of the liver enzyme. The heart catalase was indistinguishable
      from erythrocyte catalase in regard to the molecular weights of subunit
      polypeptides, the inhibition patterns produced by several catalase inhibitors,
      and specific activity. The pH-activity curve of heart catalase consisted of a
      characteristic biphasic pattern with a peak at pH 7.5 and a shoulder at pH 10.

PMID- 157669
TI  - Fibroma of the urinary bladder: a light and ultrastructural study of a case with
      review of the literature in Japan.
AB  - A hard fibroma of the urinary bladder was found in an autopsy case of a 69 year
      old female. The tumor, 10x9x6 cm, occurred in the superior wall of the bladder.
      Ultrastructurally, the principal cells of the tumor were myofibroblasts.
      Fibroblasts and fibrocytes were also present. Including our case, the number of
      reported cases of pure fibroma of the urinary bladder in Japan is 12. These are
      reviewed briefly.

PMID- 157670
TI  - Existence of serum HBe antigen and expression of liver HB surface and core
      antigens in hepatitis type B patients.
AB  - A study of 52 liver biopsies (47 hepatitis type B and 5 asymptomatic carriers)
      was performed to clarify the roles of HBe antigen (HBeAg), HB surface antigen
      (HBsAg) and HB core antigen (HBcAg). In this study, the Gudat classification was
      modified so as to classify the patterns of HB antigens into six reaction types
      including: type O (negative for both liver HBsAg and liver HBcAg), type III-A
      (characterized by a spotty HBsAg pattern) and type III-B (characterized from a
      sub-lobular to lobular HBsAg localization pattern). This classification enabled
      accurate prediction of the prognosis of hepatitis. Patients with positive serum
      HBeAg had either minimal hepatitis with mild clinical features or chronic
      aggressive hepatitis with severe clinical features. Ten patients negative for
      both HBeAg and HBeAb were all positive for liver HBcAg. In all 3 patients on
      corticosteroid administrations liver tissue was markedly positive for HBcAg and
      serum was usually positive for HBeAb.

PMID- 157671
TI  - Co-existence of inhibitory and stimulatory factors modulating cell proliferation
      in rat liver cytoplasm.
AB  - Factors that inhibit and stimulate cell proliferation were found to coexist in
      rat liver supernatant. The inhibitory and stimulatory factors were separated by
      ethanol fractionation. Both factors were sensitive to heat- and trypsin
      treatment. The activity of the inhibitor was diminished by partial hepatectomy.
      The inhibitor from normal livers inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis in the L-cell
      system, but the same fraction from regenerating livers caused little or no
      inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. The stimulatory factor from regenerating
      livers had a stronger effect on cell proliferation than that of normal livers.
      Furthermore, the inhibitor from normal livers depressed DNA synthesis in vivo in
      regenerating livers.

PMID- 157672
TI  - Effect of Litoralon on the development of goblet cells of the intestinal mucosa
      during metamorphosis of the frog.
AB  - Gamma-L-glutmyl-taurine (Litoralon), a recently detected hormone of parathyroid
      gland, accelerates maturation of the gut of frog larvae and, similarly as vitamin
      A, it stimulates the synthesis of polysaccharides.

PMID- 157673
TI  - Measurement of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in CSF and plasma of
      neuropsychiatric patients.

PMID- 157674
TI  - Recent advances in chemistry and pharmacology of snake toxins.

PMID- 157675
TI  - Use of the neurotoxic agents kainic acid and tetanus toxin in the extrapyramidal
      system.

PMID- 157676
TI  - The Arthus reaction in rats, a possible test for anti-inflammatory and
      antiheumatic drugs.
AB  - The Arthus reaction is an immunologically induced inflammatory response
      characterized by immune complex deposition, complement fixation,
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and tissue damage. Many of these same
      pathological tissue alterations are found in the lesions of rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA). The similarities between the reversed passive Arthus reaction (RPAR) and RA
      led us to investigate the usefulness of the RPAR in the search for new
      antirheumatic agents. The RPAR was elicited in the skin of rats using chicken
      ovalbumin and the IgG fraction of rabbit anti-ovalbumin. Paramethasone,
      hydrocortisone, indomethacin, pirprofen, sulfinpyrazone, thalidomide and
      theophylline all gave significant inhibition of the RPAR. Ibuprofen, naproxen,
      cyprohepatadine and cromolyn sodium were inactive, while phenylbutazone and ASA
      exhibited a dose-dependent effect. The data show that the Arthus reaction, which
      is the result of the complex interaction of many factors, can be affected either
      generally or selectively at different time intervals by various therapeutic
      agents. The RPAR in rats may prove useful in detecting new therapeutic agents for
      the treatment of RA.

PMID- 157677
TI  - Incidence of diseases due to Mycoplasma bovis in a cattle herd. II. Experimental
      therapy of the pneumo-arthritis syndrome of calves.

PMID- 157678
TI  - Communication system for the nonverbal severely disabled.

PMID- 157680
TI  - [Recommendations for a methodological standardization of the lymphocyte
      transformation test (LTT)].

PMID- 157679
TI  - Humoral factors of local immunity in shigellosis.
AB  - Secretory immunoglobulins and antibodies were studied in dysentery patients of
      various age groups and in healthy persons. It is established that the level of
      IgA (mostly sIgA)) in coprofiltrates of patients is considerably increased and
      that the local production of sIgA starts very short (in 2--3 days) after the
      beginning of the disease. Specific coproantibodies are chiefly sIgA-antibodies.
      Increase of IgG in coprofiltrates is observed at early stages of the disease and
      is evidently due to transudation of serum proteins through the damaged mucosal
      membrane. High concentration of IgM is found mostly in coprofiltrates of children
      and is evidently the result of its local synthesis. -- Local immune response in
      shigellosis develops independently of systemic antibody formation. Increase of
      serum IgA level and appearance of sIgA-antibodies in sera of patients show the
      participation of local antibody forming system in formation of systemic immunity
      in intestinal infections.

PMID- 157681
TI  - Examination of the immunocompetent cell composition of contact dermatitis.
      Methods for liberating infiltrative dermal cells and measuring antigen-dependent
      chromatin birefringence in them.
AB  - Infiltrating cells from the dermis can be literated without serious damage to the
      cell surface by cautious enzymatic treatment in a cell extractor. A new rapid
      method has been worked out measuring lymphocyte stimulation by detecting changes
      in the chromatin's birefringence. The chromatin's anisotropy depended upon
      antigen concentration, incubation time at 37 degrees and was unsignificantly
      influenced by the samples' cellularity, between 4 x 10(5) and 4 x 10(7) cells per
      ml. Therefore, it was concluded that the stimulated lymphocytes in the eczematous
      infiltrate can be detected by birefringence after incubating for 30 min with
      proper concentrations of the antigen.

PMID- 157682
TI  - [On the influence of thiocyanates on the delayed immune response in intact and
      epinephrectomised guinea pigs (author's transl)].
AB  - Daily application of 32 mg/kg sodium thiocynate from 1--11th respectively 12th-
      21st experimental day causes in epinephrectomised guinea pigs at the 26th
      experimental day an inhibition of cell-mediated immune response (sensitization
      was induced by intraperitoneal injection of horse serum at the 5th and 7th
      experimental day). The inhibition of cell-mediated immune response could be
      demonstrated by means of migration inhibition of spleen cells. Epinephrectomy was
      performed by operation procedures twice a week. Gluco- and mineralocorticoids
      were applied supplementary. -- Also other proved thiocyanates respectively
      compounds with thiocyanate groups such as potassium thiocyanate, ammonium
      thiocyanate and d,1-2-imino-3.4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-thiacolidinhydrothiocyanate
      showed the same effect. The results are only pointed out in intact animals, but
      distinct in epinephrectomised guinea pigs. Finally a significant weaker effect,
      but of the same kind was observed by potassium- and sodium iodate. Every used
      dose of prednisolone and cyclophosphamide suppress the migration inhibition. The
      influence of 2-iminothiacolidin-4-carbon acid and desoxycorticosteronacetat on
      the migration inhibition is different and depends on the antigen dose applied for
      sensitization. -- Simulated daily injections undertaken in form of stitches and
      application of aqua destillata are inefficacious.

PMID- 157683
TI  - [3H-thymidine-paper strip-counting of in vitro lymphocyte transformation. II.
      Specific antigens in the whole blood assay (author's transl)].
AB  - Erythrocytes did not influence the harvesting procedure or the paper strip
      counting method in a liquid scintillation counter using the whole blood assay of
      lymphocyte transformation test. The leucocyte-erythrocyte-ratio influences the
      blastogenesis in vitro. Only 1--2 ml of peripheral blood are necessary to proof
      lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens or antigens. The storage of the blood is
      possible over a period of 24 hours (4 degrees C) if the absolute lymphocytes
      count remains constant.

PMID- 157684
TI  - [Immunological investigations of house-dust and house-dust mites. Part III. A
      simplified basophil degranulation test. Preliminary communication (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The basophil degranulation test (BDT) after Shelley has been simplified and tried
      on patients allergic to house-dust or to house-dust mites. All 20 patients
      reacted to the mite extracts and 19 out of 20 to the house dust extracts. Out of
      20 control persons 17 had negative results to the mite extract and 16 to the
      house-dust extract. The advantages of this new simplified method are discussed.

PMID- 157685
TI  - [Studies on the control of IgM-antibody synthesis V. Affinity of anti-DNP
      antibodies in carps immunized with DNP-ficoll (author's transl)].
AB  - The dynamics of affinity of anti-DNP antibodies of carps immunized with T cell
      independent DNP-Ficoll was studied during the immune response. The intrinsic
      affinity (KO) of antibodies to monovalent epsilon-DNP-lysine is 10(5)--10(6)M-1
      and does not change significantly in course of the immunisation. The affinity of
      tetrameric IgM antibodies to multivalent DNP-T4 conjugate is only 10(2)--10(3)
      fold greater than to monovalent hapten, contrary to about 10(6)-fold higher
      values following immunisation with T cell-dependent antigens. The functional
      affinity (KF) increases during immune response slightly. KO and KF or antibodies
      are dependent on antigen dose. High antigen doses elicite antibodies with higher
      affinity.

PMID- 157687
TI  - Educational significance of hearing loss at three levels of severity.

PMID- 157686
TI  - Deaf-visually impaired persons: incidence and services.

PMID- 157688
TI  - "De-institutionalization and mainstreaming".

PMID- 157689
TI  - Educating severely handicapped deaf children.

PMID- 157690
TI  - Medical genetics and family practice.

PMID- 157691
TI  - A reappraisal of the clinical features in acute and chronic rheumatic heart
      disease: etiological implications.

PMID- 157692
TI  - Elevation of ventricular defibrillation threshold in dogs by antiarrhythmic
      drugs.
AB  - Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs upon the threshold delivered energy (TDE) and
      threshold peak current (TPC) for electrical ventricular defibrillation by damped
      sinusoidal shocks were investigated in 25 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. TDE
      and TPC were increased by the three antiarrhytmic drugs tested. Bolus injections
      produced a transient rise and continuous infusions produced a steady rise in
      difibrillation threshold. The maximal percent elevations in mean defibrillation
      threshold during the 60 minutes after intravenous drug treatment in groups of n =
      5 dogs were: (formula: see text). Accordingly, individuals receiving
      antiarrhythmic drugs who nonetheless fibrillate may require greater electric
      shock strength for defibrillation.

PMID- 157693
TI  - Ischemic heart disease secondary to amyloidosis of intramyocardial arteries.
AB  - Among 108 patients with cardiac amyloidosis studied at autopsy between 1889 and
      1977 there were 5 (4.6 percent) with severe occlusive amyloid deposits in
      intramyocardial arteries. The hearts of all five patients showed focal
      subendocardial ischemic injury, and the vessels supplying these areas had either
      complete or near complete luminal obliteration by amyloid. Clinically, four
      patients had congestive heart failure; one of these patients also had arrhythmias
      and one had angina pectoris. Neither the clinical nor the pathologic features of
      ischemic heart diseases could be attributed to disease of the epicardial coronary
      arteries. Amyloidosis of the intramyocardial arteries appears to be capable of
      producing localized areas of ischemic necrosis and may produce intractable
      congestive heart failure due to multiple areas of ischemic injury.

PMID- 157694
TI  - Computerized echocardiographic analysis to detect abnormal systolic and diastolic
      left venticular function in children with aortic stenosis.

PMID- 157695
TI  - Dilatation of the descending aorta: a radiologic and echocardiographic diagnostic
      sign in arteriovenous malformations in neonates and young infants.
AB  - Eleven infants with arteriovenous malformations were admitted to St.
      Christopher's Hospital for Children between 1970 and 1978. Dilatation of the
      descending aorta was seen in the chest roentgenogram in 8 of the 11 patients.
      Echocardiography used in the two most recent cases revealed approximation of the
      descending aorta to the posterior left atrial and left ventricular wall in
      association with generalized cardiomegaly. The most frequently reported
      radiologic findings in infants with arteriovenous malformations are cardiomegaly,
      increased pulmonary vasculature and a widened superior mediastinum. These
      findings can accompany other congenital malformations of the heart, but the
      radiographic and echocardiographic findings of a dilated descending aorta appear
      to be more specifically associated with arteriovenous malformations in the
      neonate and infant.

PMID- 157696
TI  - Vitamin therapy for infarction.

PMID- 157697
TI  - Reproductive risk of t(13q14q) carriers: case report and review.
AB  - We report a four-generation kindred with a balanced 13q14q Robertsonian
      translocation. The proband had the Down sydrome, due to trisomy of chromosome 21;
      he also carried the balanced D-group translocation. S segregation analysis of 86
      sibships was performed to examine the risk of t(13q14q) carrier parents having
      trisomy 21, 47,XXY, or trisomy 13 children by which a number of families were
      ascertained. None of these disorders recurred after birth of the propositi. The
      frequency of abortions was not different from that of the general population. The
      conditional segregation ratio for balanced translocation carriers among the
      phenotypically normal offspring of carrier parents was  0.55 +/- 0.04.

PMID- 157698
TI  - Electrocoagulation of pelvic endometriotic lesions with laparoscopic control.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients presenting with initial complaints of infertility or
      chronic pelvic pain were found to have pelvic endometriosis at laparoscopy.
      Destruction of the endometriotic lesions by means of electrocoagulation was
      performed via laparoscopy in a group of 19 patients. The remaining nine patients
      did not undergo such management. In the treatment group, seven of the 11 patients
      with chronic pain experienced complete relief of their symptoms, and six of the
      eight patients with infertility became pregnant postoperatively. Patients in the
      control group had a less favorable outcome. Only one of five patients with
      chronic pain had relief and one of four patients with infertility became pregnant
      following laparoscopy without cauterization. Electrocoagulation of pelvic
      endometriotic lesions under laparoscopic control appears to be satisfactory for
      the management of selected patients with chronic pelvic pain or infertility.

PMID- 157699
TI  - Acid mucopolysaccharides of congenitally defective, rheumatic, and normal human
      aortic valves.
AB  - The qualitative nature, total amount, and relative proportion of various acid
      mucopolysaccharides (AMPSs) found in congenitally defective (bicuspid), young
      rheumatic, and normal aortic valvular tissue were compared. No differences in the
      qualitative nature of AMPSs were found in any of the aortic tissues studies;
      hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate B, and chondroitin sulfate A/C were the
      primary AMPS components, with a trace amount of heparin. Congenitally defective
      aortic valves showed increasing amounts of calcification, a lowering of total
      AMPS content, and an alteration in the relative proportions of various AMPS with
      advancing age, as compared with age-matched normal aortic valves. The total AMPS
      content of rheumatic aortic valves from individuals under the age of 21 years was
      found to be significantly higher than that of age-matched normal controls. In
      addition, these rheumatic aortic valves showed an alteration in AMPS composition
      that was similar to that of congenitally defective aortic valves obtained from
      older individuals. These observations suggest nonspecific changes in the AMPS
      composition caused by chronic tissue damage, calcification, and fibrosis.

PMID- 157700
TI  - Pediatric cancer survival and marriage: issues affecting adult adjustment.
AB  - Of 36 men and women, now aged 21 or older, who were treated for cancer as
      children, 20 have married. As part of a long-term follow-up, 13 of their spouses
      were interviewed about the effects of cancer on the patient and on their
      marriage. Comparison of patient's physical limitations, visible impairments, and
      psychiatric adjustment ratings indicated significant differences between patients
      who have married or become engaged and those who have not married.

PMID- 157701
TI  - [Specialized endocrinological service to women with disorders of menstrual
      function and hormonal sterility].

PMID- 157702
TI  - [S.M. Bekker].

PMID- 157704
TI  - The ultrastructure of the capsule of the neuromuscular spindles from Python
      reticulatus (Schneid.).
AB  - The capsule of the neuromuscular spindles in the lower costocutaneous muscles
      from Python reticulatus (Schneid.) has been studied at the electron microscope.
      As in other vertebrate species, the capsule is divisible into 2  components, i.e.
      an inner and an outer capsule, which display a very similar structure. Moreover,
      it has been possible to bring to light the continuity of the outer capsule with
      the cells and fibres of the perineural sheath enveloping the sensory and motory
      fibres. The capsule cells exhibit a number of pinocytotic vesicles, profiles of
      granular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, glycogen particles and Golgi
      complexes. The presence of these structures points to the secretory and transport
      activities performed by the spindle capsule in the control of the composition of
      the intracapsular fluid.

PMID- 157703
TI  - Isolation of pure myocardial subcellular organelles.

PMID- 157705
TI  - Efficacy of albendazole for treatment of naturally acquired nematode infections
      in Washington cattle.
AB  - Albendazole, methyl 5-propylthio-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate, was given as a
      bolus (7.68 to 8.18 mg/kg of body weight) to cattle naturally infected with
      gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in a controlled trial. Over 99% of adult
      Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus longispicularis, Cooperia oncophora,
      Nematodirus helvetianus, and Dictyocaulus viviparus were removed by the
      treatment. Efficacy against immature O ostertagi, early fourth-stage O ostertagi,
      and Oesophagostomum radiatum was 95.2%, 86.6%, and 96.7%, respectively. In a
      field trial, the same compound administered in a paste formulation (at
      approximately 7.5 mg/kg) eliminated over 99% of strongylin and Moniezia eggs from
      feces of treated cattle.

PMID- 157706
TI  - [Two new cases of allergy to tartrazine (author's transl)].
AB  - Two patients developed allergy to tartrazine, and the symptoms, as in most such
      cases, were related to the skin and mucous membranes. The clinical diagnosis was
      confirmed by the basophil degranulation test. These observations underline the
      intrication of food substances and medications in the genesis of these accidents
      and demonstrate the notion of a quantitative contribution of food additives. The
      author discusses the frequency of these allergies to this colouring substance,
      and restates the position, which has just been taken by the Academy of Medicine,
      with the objective of prohibiting the use of tartrazine E 102 in food substances.

PMID- 157707
TI  - [Studies on the conidial differentiation of "Neurospora crassa" -- VII. --
      Alcoholic regulation and conidiogenous capacity (wild-type and "fluffy" mutant)
      (authors transl)].
AB  - Sucrose consumption by the wild-type Neurospora crassa is quicker, with much more
      ethanol produced, in the ammonium medium than in nitrate as single N source. On
      low sugar concentration which is quickly nullified, little alcohol is produced
      and early conidiation can develop. The higher the initial sugar concentration,
      the higher is the alcoholigenic coefficient defined as the efficiency of
      alcoholic glycolysis per unit of sugar consumed, and the more complete is the
      conidial "repression" in ammonium medium. The nitrate counteracts this catabolic
      repression effect and, depressing the alcoholigenic coefficients, permits
      conidiation even on high sugar (8 %) medium. The "fluffy" mutant produces
      relatively less ethanol (average 2-3 times less) in all cases even though it
      increases its alcoholigenic coefficient with the increased sugar concentration.
      Surprisingly, it is not induced to alcoholigenic glycolytic disinhibition by
      ammonium and produces even more alcohol in nitrate than in ammonium media, thus
      revealing an inability to benefit from the antiglycolytic, normally
      conidiogenous, effect of nitrate. Suggestion is made that this amacroconidial
      mutant is defective in its metabolic regulation related to the Pasteur effect
      which is required for conidiogenic expression in the wild type.

PMID- 157708
TI  - Biochemical studies in dystrophic mouse muscle.

PMID- 157709
TI  - Hereditary and acquired cardiomyopathies in experimental animals: mechanical,
      biochemical, and structural features.
AB  - Evidence has been presented regarding alterations of contractile behavior muscle
      biochemistry, and ulstrastructure during the course of the hereditary hamster
      cardiomyopathy. Also, preliminary structural and mechanical data were presented
      on the acquired cardiomyopathy of diabetes mellitus in experimental animals. In
      the hamster model, contractile performance, measured as isometric tension and
      rate of tension development, was shown to be depressed throughout the course of
      the disease, whereas normalized force-velocity relationships returned to normal
      only during the compensated stages of hypertrophy. Force-frequency relationships
      were depressed in myopathic muscles, indicating the presence of alterations in
      the muscle activation system, namely, the biochemical and functional integrity of
      the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of the contractile proteins in myopathic
      muscle has revealed depressions of Ca2+ activity in purified myosin in addition
      to an independently increased neutral protease activity that results in the
      specific degradation of LC2 of myosin. Sympathetic time and norepinephrine
      turnover increase progressively during the course of the disease. These changes
      are accompanied by decreasing tissue levels of neorepinephrine and increasing
      levels of dopamine, indicating a shift in the rate-limiting step for
      norepinephrine synthesis. Alterations were also noted in nuclear protein
      composition and serotonin levels. Microscopically, the myolytic and calcification
      changes that characterize the hamster cardiomyopathy have been confirmed. In
      addition, contraction bands and lysosomal changes have been observed that may
      relate to cateholamine hypersensitivity. In the experimental model of diabetic
      cardiomyopathy, a significant alteration in relaxation process was demonstrated
      despite the fact that peak tension development and its rate of development were
      unaltered. Also, the length dependence of contractile behavior was altered when
      compared to that of age-matched controls, indicating a potential loss of
      contractility reserve. When animals with combined hypertension and diabetes were
      studied, bothe contraction and relaxation processes were affected to a greater
      degree.

PMID- 157710
TI  - Adenylate cyclase in muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the previously reported
      differences in adenylate cyclase activity between the sarcolemma of normal and
      dystrophic chick muscles are also found in the SR, to search for a possible
      relationship between the adenylate cyclase changes and the pathophysiology of
      dystrophy, and to investigate whether the findings can be extended to Duchenne
      human muscular dystrophy by studying the adenylate cyclase and ATPase activities
      of erythrocyte ghosts from DMD patients and carriers. Microsomes were separated
      by standard techniques from the pectoralis muscles of normal and dystrophic
      ckeckens of various ages. The microsomal yields were significantly larger in
      dystrophic muscles. Adenylate cyclase activities in dystrophic microsomes were
      higher than those in matched controls and increased with the progression of the
      disease. The ratio between the two rose from one at 2 weeks of age to nine at
      about 9--10 weeks. Kinetic analyses showed that the ks for MgATP2- was about 40
      microM (at 3 mM Mg2+ and 0.3 mM Ca2+) both in normal and dystrophic microsomes,
      that calcium caused umcompetitive inhibition of the enzyme (Ki = 0.2 mM), that
      the effect of calcium was noncooperative (Hill coefficient, nH = 1), that calcium
      did not affect the cooperativity for MgATP2-, and that magnesium competitively
      removed the calcium inhibition and caused additional, cooperative stimulation of
      the enzymatic activity (ka = 1.5 mM; NH =2). The major difference between normal
      and dystrophic adenylate cyclase was a higher enzymatic velocity in the latter,
      suggesting a larger amount of enzyme. We investigated whether altered cAMP levels
      may effect calcium accumulation. Calcium uptake measured (in the presence of
      oxalate) at several ages revealed no difference between normal and dystrophic
      chickens. The extent of calcium binding was also similar, although the kd for
      Ca2+ was lower in dystrophic microsomes. Binding was enhanced in the presence of
      exogenous protein kinase, but the responses of normal and dystrophic tissues were
      similar. We concluded that the elevation of adenylate cyclase in dystrophy was
      not related to microsomal calcium accumultion. Ivestigation of the localization
      of microsomal adenylate cyclase supported this view. Separation of calcium-loaded
      microsomes on a discontinuous sucrose gradient into four fractions demonstrated
      that adenylate cyclase activity, measured in the presence of Lubrol-PX and EGTA,
      was inversely related to calcium-accumulating activity. Na+, K+-ATPase comigrated
      with adenylate cyclase. Highest specific activities were found in the lightest
      fraction. These observations were confirmed by histochemical studies. The
      reaction product from adenylate cyclase activity was present predominantly in the
      terminal cisternae of the SR. In the context of the literature, our findings
      suggest that the rises in adenylate cyclase and Na+, K+-ATPase in avian dystrophy
      are compensatory changes, elicited by a defect in ECC at the calcium release
      step...

PMID- 157711
TI  - [Metronidazole therapy in rosacea (author's transl)].
AB  - Metronidazole was administered (500 mg daily the first month, 250 mg daily the
      second month and, in some cases, 250 mg every other day the following months) to
      62 patients suffering from rosacea or perioral dermatitis. 90 p. 100 of them
      improved within 2 months and Metronidazole was particularly effective against
      papulo-pustules. Relapses after interruption of treatment seemed to be less
      frequent than with Tetracycline therapy. Side-effects (gastro-intestinal
      disturbances) occurred in few patients but long-term tolerance remains uncertain.
      So, the length of treatment was less than 6 months and the drug was not given to
      pregnant women.

PMID- 157712
TI  - Membrane adenosine triphosphatases of prokaryotic cells.

PMID- 157713
TI  - Probes of subunit assembly and reconstitution pathways in multisubunit proteins.

PMID- 157714
TI  - Energy interconversion by the Ca2+-dependent ATPase of the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 157715
TI  - Mitochondrial genes and translation products.

PMID- 157717
TI  - Isolation and comparative studies of mitochondrial F1-ATPase from Morris hepatoma
      and rat liver.

PMID- 157716
TI  - Kinetic analysis of myosin and actomyosin atpase.

PMID- 157718
TI  - Competitive inhibition of Neurospora crassa chitin synthetase activity by
      tunicamycin.

PMID- 157719
TI  - Maltosylamine, a specific inhibitor of beta-amylase.

PMID- 157721
TI  - Patient alienation and the social psychology of chronicity.

PMID- 157720
TI  - Orientation of chromatophores and spheroplast-derived membrane vesicles of
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: analysis by localization of enzyme activities.

PMID- 157722
TI  - Rehabilitation legislation of the seventies and the severely disabled.

PMID- 157724
TI  - [Pulmonary atresia with intact interventricular partition wall. Surgical
      treatment of a case with duramater ceiling].
AB  - It is presented a pulmonary artresia case with untouched interventricular
      partition wall surgically treated. It was established the continuity between
      right ventricle and pulmonary artery's trunk with duramater ceiling, for which it
      was made a pulmonary valve. Postoperation evolution was excelent and it was
      obteined a frank diminution of the right ventricle's systolic pression. It is
      discussed about therapeutic conducts in this kind of congenital badformation.

PMID- 157723
TI  - [Oral treatment with tretinoin: andrological, trichological, ophthalmological
      findings and effects on acne (author's transl)].
AB  - Twelve patients (20 +/- 2 years) with acne vulgaris were treated orally with 20
      30 mg/day tretinoin (vitamin A acid) over 90-300 days. Various laboratory tests
      were performed to rule out unwanted pharmacological side effects. Tretinoin
      therapy was well tolerated except for minor complaints of dryness around the
      mucous membranes of mouth and nose. The acne remained unchanged. All laboratory
      tests were unremarkable except for a significant rise of ejaculate volume. Other
      sperm parameters, trichological, ophthalmological as well as blood and urine
      analyses showed no measurable effects of tretinoin therapy.

PMID- 157725
TI  - [Corrected transposition of the great arteries without associated abnormalities].
AB  - We studied 5 cases of corrected tansposition of big arteries without associated
      defects. Four of them showed situs solitus with apex to the left, and the fifth
      one showed dextroversion. In four of the cases the second sound was the only one,
      strong and to the left of the precordium; in four we found mild sistolic murmur
      in the third left intercostal space. In all of them, XR plates showed the largest
      liver lobe to the left, apex to the left in four and to the right in one, being
      possible to see the ascending aorta to the left in four cases. A patient with
      complete auriculoventricular block showed cardiomegaly and excavated middle arch.
      Three of them presented sinusal rithm, one had auriculoventricular block of
      variable degree and the last had complete auriculoventricular block. In four
      cases the AQRS showed a deviation to the left, and the other one to the right. In
      the foreground of the first septal vector was going from right to left. The
      analysis of the unipolar and thoracic morphologies had alterations in the
      intraventricular conduction which suggested a right branch block in derivations
      exploring the ventricle located to the left and potential QS in the right pre
      cordials. We found a pattern of sistolic overload of the sistemic ventricle.
      Through determination made by the His Ecg we found that the alterations in
      conduction were distal. The electro-mechanic latent period of the ventricle
      located to the right was shorter than the opposite. The angiographic studio
      helped to establish the auriculoventricular discordant relations and to identify
      the ventricles position through their angiographic morphology. In the cases
      showing point to the left, the ventricle anatomically considered as the left one
      showed a triangular form and smooth walls, while the ventricle anatomically
      consider being the right one presented trabeculated walls. In dextroversion the
      anatomically left ventricle was egg-shaped with smooth walls. All of them
      presented the aorta above the pulmonar artery.

PMID- 157727
TI  - Microbiological transformations. XI. The use of immobilized Rhodotorula
      mucilaginosa cells to reduce some ketones.
AB  - Rhodotorula mucilaginosa cells were immobilized by polymerizing acrylamide with
      the addition of a cross-linked agent, a catalyst and an initiator. This gel was
      used for the stereospecific reduction of acetophenone and alpha-acetylnaphthalene
      resulting chromatographically pure alcohols with absolute configuration S. When
      karen-3-dion-2,5 was used as substrate, four products were obtained.
      Androstenolone was reduced with 30% yield. Activity of the immobilized cells
      could be regenerated by glucose.

PMID- 157726
TI  - [Risks and long-term results or tricuspid monovalvular replacement, using a ball
      or disk prosthesis. Apropos of 21 cases].
AB  - 21 patients (15 with stage IV and 6 with stage III symptoms by the NYHA
      classification) underwent monovalvular tricuspid replacement with a ball or disc
      prosthesis for varying tricuspid pathology, bacterial endocarditis in half the
      cases, between June 1964 and July 1973. Hospital mortality was 29 p. 100 (6
      patients), medium-term mortality, nil. There were 23 survivors (62 p. 100) with
      an average follow up of 7 years (range 5 years to 10 years 4 months), 12 of whom
      recovered to stage I disability by the NYHA classification after the first
      postoperative year. 12 patients are on long-term anticoagulant therapy and 3 on
      diuretic or digitalo-diuretic therapy. The main complications observed were 2
      prosthetic thromboses and 3 haemorrhages for 1095 patient-months. The results are
      to be compared with those bioprostheses, which, not requiring anti-coagulant
      therapy, may tend to supplant ball and disc prostheses.

PMID- 157728
TI  - The Rehabilitation Amendments of 1978: what do they mean for comprehensive
      rehabilitation?

PMID- 157729
TI  - Outcome of comprehensive medical rehabilitation: measurement by PULSES profile
      and the Barthel Index.
AB  - In view of current emphasis on evaluation of benefits derived from rehabilitation
      programs, it is important that there be easily replicated measures for
      demonstrating the efficiency and effectiveness of services provided, as well as
      for transmitting information on patient functional status when transferring
      service responsibilities from one agency or facility to another. The authors used
      the PULSES profile and the Barthel index to measure severity of disability and to
      monitor rehabilitation progress in a heterogeneous sample of 307 severely
      disabled persons in 10 comprehensive medical rehabilitation centers,
      geographically selected. Gains in functional independence were registered for up
      to 2 years after admission. Cutting points of PULSES score totals or Barthel
      score totals distinguished the degree of severity of disability. The 2 scoring
      modalities appear valid, reliable, and sensitive for describing functional
      abilities and change over a period of time. They can be applied both to medical
      records and direct observations, and staff of medical facilities can readily be
      trained in their use.

PMID- 157730
TI  - Morphometric comparison of capillaries in muscle spindles, nerve, and muscle.
AB  - Morphometric study was performed on transverse sections of microdissected muscle
      spindles from rabbit tenuissimus muscles. It showed a statistically significant
      difference in size and structure between the intrafusal capillaries and those of
      extrafusal muscle. The former are larger in diameter, circumference, and area due
      to a proportionate increase in the number of endothelial cells. Vesicles within
      spindle endothelial cells are fewer, mitochondrial counts are greater, but in
      proportion to the increased number of endothelial cells, intercellular junctions
      are tight and pericyte coverage is greater. The basement membrane around
      endothelial cells and pericytes is thicker and more often multilayered. The
      endoneurial capillaries of tenuissimus intramuscular nerve are morphologically
      identical to intrafusal capillaries. The similarity of the capillaries of
      spindles to those in brain suggests that a blood-nervous system barrier extends
      from brain into the peripheral nerves and muscle spindles.

PMID- 157731
TI  - Chalazia and rosacea.
AB  - Fifty-seven percent of patients scheduled for excision of chalazia over 19 years
      of age and 64% of patients over the age of 29 were found to have rosacea. This
      compares to an incidence in our control group of 12% and 13%, respectively.
      Rosacea was almost twice as common in patients with recurrent chalazia as in
      those with only one occurrence.

PMID- 157732
TI  - The treatment of Paget's disease.

PMID- 157733
TI  - Rubber sensitivity.

PMID- 157734
TI  - Nursing the child in the future.

PMID- 157735
TI  - Effect of neocarzinostatin on the nucleus, kinetoplast and microtubules of
      Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma evansi.
AB  - The antibiotic neocarzinostatin (NCS) induces the anucleate form, not the
      dyskinetoplastic form, of Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma evansi. Light and
      electron microscopic studies indicated that production of the anucleate form is
      due to delay or inhibition of nuclear division. Excess pellicular microtubules
      are formed after treatment of trypanosomes with NCS, suggesting that in
      trypanosomes the microtubules replicate by induction, not by division. NCS also
      causes deformation of the axonemal and spindle microtubules. The K clone of T.
      evansi is more sensitive than the AK clone to the effects of NCS in inhibiting
      nuclear division and inducing the anucleate form.

PMID- 157736
TI  - Cross-linking experiments with the adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.
AB  - The proteins of sarcoplasmic reticulum were cross-linked by rapid oxidation of
      thiol groups with I2. About two-thirds of the thiols were oxidized without any
      significant cross-linking, implying an extensive formation of intramolecular
      disulphide bonds. When the thiols were completely oxidized at room temperature a
      series of oligomers containing up to five molecules were observed, as well as
      large aggregates which were excluded from the gels. Complete oxidation at -10
      degrees C left most of the ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) as monomer. Similar
      results were obtained when copper-phenanthroline complexes or dimethyl
      suberimidate were used as cross-linking reagents. We conclude that most of the
      cross-linked species arise by linking of randomly colliding ATPase molecules
      which are present in the membrane at very high concentration.

PMID- 157737
TI  - Identification of N-sulphated disaccharide units in heparin-like polysaccharides.
AB  - 1. Preparations of heparin and heparan sulphate were degraded with HNO2. The
      resulting disaccharides were isolated by gel chromatography, reduced with either
      NaBH4 or NaB3H4 and were then fractionated into non-sulphated, monosulphated and
      disulphated species by ion-exchange chromatography or by paper electrophoresis.
      The non-sulphated disaccharides were separated into two, and the monosulphated
      disaccharides into three, components by paper chromatography. 2. The uronic acid
      moieties of the various non- and mono-sulphated disaccharides were identified by
      means of radioactive labels selectively introduced into uronic acid residues (3H
      and 14C in D-glucuronic acid, 14C only in L-iduronic acid units) during
      biosynthesis of the polysaccharide starting material. Labelled uronic acids were
      also identified by paper chromatography, after liberation from disaccharides by
      acid hydrolysis or by glucuronidase digestion. Similar procedures, applied to
      disaccharides treated with NaB3H4, indicated 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol as reducing
      terminal unit. On the basis of these results, and the known positions and
      configurations of the glycosidic linkages in heparin, the two non-sulphated
      disaccharides were identified as 4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-2,5
      anhydro-D-mannitol and 4-O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid)-2,5-anhydro-D
      mannitol. 3. The three monosulphated [1-3H]anhydromannitol-labelled disaccharides
      were subjected to Smith degradation or to digestion with homogenates of human
      skin fibroblasts, and the products were analysed by paper electrophoresis. The
      results, along with the 1H n.m.r. spectra of the corresponding unlabelled
      disaccharides, permitted the allocation of O-sulphate groups to various positions
      in the disaccharides. These were thus identified as 4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl
      uronic acid)-2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol 6-sulphate, 4-O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic
      acid)-2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol 6-sulphate and 4-O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid
      2-sulphate)-2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol. The last-mentioned disaccharide was found to
      be a poor substrate for the iduronate sulphatase of human skin fibroblasts, as
      compared with the disulphated species, 4-O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid 2
      sulphate)-2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol 6-sulphate. 4. The identified [1
      3H]anhydromannitol-labelled disaccharides were used as reference standards in a
      study of the disaccharide composition of heparins and heparan sulphates. Low N
      sulphate contents, most pronounced in the heparin sulphates, were associated with
      high ratios of mono-O-sulphated/di-O-sulphated (N-sulphated) disaccharide units,
      and in addition, with relatively large amounts of 2-sulphated L-iduronic acid
      residues bound to C-4 of N-sulpho-D-glucosamine units lacking O-sulphate
      substituents.

PMID- 157738
TI  - Slow transition of phosphoenzyme from ADP-sensitive to ADP-insensitive forms in
      solubilized Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum: evidence for retarded
      dissociation of Ca2+ from the phosphoenzyme.

PMID- 157739
TI  - 5-acyloxyoxazoles as serine protease inhibitors. Rapid inactivation of thrombin
      in contrast to plasmin.

PMID- 157740
TI  - Changes in tropomyosin subunit pattern in chronic electrically stimulated rabbit
      fast muscles.

PMID- 157741
TI  - The effect of amphiphilic phenylalkyl derivatives on platelet energy metabolism.
      Stimulation of glycolysis through activation of membrane ATPase.
AB  - In order to obtain information about the target of membrane-active inhibitors of
      platelet aggregation two phenylalkanoles and two phenylalkylamines were examined
      with respect to their influence on membrane ATPase and energy metabolism. The
      phenylalkanoles, 2-phenylethanol and 3-phenylpropanol, strongly enhanced the
      liberation in washed platelets of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from endogenous
      substrate or added ATP. A simultaneous decrease was found in the ATP/ADP ratio
      while glucose uptake, glycogen utilization and lactate formation increased. The
      effects of 2-phenylethanol and 3-phenylpropanol on Pi liberation and ATP/ADP
      ratio were detectable only with starving platelets; the stimulation of glycolysis
      could also be seen when glucose was added. It is concluded that presence of
      glucose enabled the platelets to reincorporate additionally liberated Pi into
      their ATP pool by virtue of the higher metabolic rate. The data suggest that a
      membrane-ATPase, possibly thrombosthenin ATPase, is the target of the
      phenylalkanoles. The phenylalkylamines, 2-phenylethylamine and 4
      phenylbutylamine, appeared to inhibit Pi liberation and energy metabolism. Hence
      the aggregation inhibition produced by amphiphilic phenylalkylamines and
      phenylalkanoles is not due to a uniform metabolic effect of both classes of
      derivatives.

PMID- 157742
TI  - [Importance of ECG leads according to Nehb and over the proc. xiphoideus in the
      diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy].

PMID- 157743
TI  - [Rheumatoid arthritis in an Indian population (Mazahua) in the Mexican plateau].

PMID- 157744
TI  - [Survey on prevalence of diabetes: methodology and results].

PMID- 157745
TI  - [Prevalence of toxoplasma infection in school children].

PMID- 157746
TI  - [Professional bachelor's degree in oral health: a new basic health care
      resource].

PMID- 157747
TI  - [Serologic studies of influenza in Chilean swine].

PMID- 157748
TI  - [Outbreak of equine influenza in Chile].

PMID- 157749
TI  - [Child's health and nutrition].

PMID- 157750
TI  - [Protect all children from evitable diseases].

PMID- 157751
TI  - [Advantages of oral rehydration].

PMID- 157752
TI  - [Child care has changed in Kasai, Mohalla].

PMID- 157753
TI  - [Technical discussions of the 25th reunion of the directing council of PAHO:
      coordination between the social security and public health].

PMID- 157754
TI  - [The nutrition problem in Latin America: definition, causes and remedial actions
      to alleviate it].

PMID- 157755
TI  - [Rabies transmitted by bats].

PMID- 157756
TI  - [Further observations on a focus of onchocercosis of the Rio Auaris area Roraima
      territory, Brazil].

PMID- 157757
TI  - [Evaluation of BCG vaccination among members of the population under 15 years of
      age in the Department of Risalda, Colombia, by the sample method].

PMID- 157758
TI  - [Levels of antibodies against rubella and evaluation of immunity conferred by
      vaccination in Tucuman, Argentina].

PMID- 157759
TI  - [Epidemiology of Chagas' disease in Oaxaca, Mexico].

PMID- 157760
TI  - [Study of an endemic sporotrichosis zone in the Ayarza lake region of Guatemala].

PMID- 157761
TI  - [Program of family planning in the United Kingdom, West Germany, Denmark and
      Sweden and its repercussions in Canada].

PMID- 157762
TI  - [A concept of psychiatric nursing. Study of the nurses' functions with the
      hospitalized patients].

PMID- 157763
TI  - [Prospective studies of porcine leptospirosis in organized farms of Venezuela].

PMID- 157764
TI  - [Miconazole in the treatment of systemic mycotic infections].

PMID- 157765
TI  - [Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis): treatment with
      miconazole].

PMID- 157766
TI  - [The syndrome of the short PR interval according to Condorelli (sinoatrial block
      with normal sinus node conduction)].

PMID- 157767
TI  - [Echocardiographic findings in adult thalassemia].

PMID- 157768
TI  - [Echocardiographic findings in thalassemia in childhood].

PMID- 157769
TI  - Interaction of halothane with non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs in
      man.
AB  - 1 Tetanic and single twitch contractions of the adductor pollicis muscles, in
      response to indirect stimulation of each ulnar nerve, were recorded in patients
      anaesthetized with thiopentone and nitrous oxide in oxygen. 2 Concentrations of 1
      and 2% halothane were administered for 10 min during recovery from neuromuscular
      paralysis by tubocurarine, dimethyl tubocurarine and gallamine. 3 During exposure
      to halothane, the peak contraction of the tetanic response was reduced and
      tetanic fade was increased whereas the single twitch was unaffected. 4 The
      effects of halothane on the tetanic responses were readily antagonized by
      intravenous neostigmine preceded by atropine. 5 Halothane could act post
      synaptically by a non-depolarizing block or by desensitizing the post-synaptic
      receptors, but a pre-synaptic action seems more likely since neuromuscular block
      was only evident when tetanic stimulation was applied. Such an effect could be
      caused by impairment of the release of acetylcholine.

PMID- 157770
TI  - Suppressive effect of ferritin on in vitro lymphocyte function.
AB  - This study describes the effect of ferritin on lymphocyte function in vitro.
      Peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from normal donors were incubated with
      purified human splenic ferritin, and the mitogenic effect of phytohaemagglutinin
      (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and mixed lymphocyte
      reaction (MLR) were assessed by the uptake of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR). Ferritin
      (0.25--5.0 micrograms/ml culture) caused a marked suppression of PHA nad Con A
      blastogenesis but had no suppressive effect on PWM-induced transformation.
      Maximal suppression was obtained at a ferritin concentration of 1 microgram/ml
      and this was not enhanced by increasing ferritin concentrations. Ferritin also
      reduced the Con A capping phenomenon in normal lymphocytes from 22% to 6%,
      suppressed the MLR reaction but had no effect on the ability of normal
      lymphocytes to form E, EA and EAC rosettes or on in vitro lymphocyte cytoxicity
      against the K-562 cell line. Visual proof of the suppressive effect of ferritin
      on mitogen induced blastogenesis was provided by scanning electron microscopy,
      and direct evidence for the ability of lymphocytes to bind ferritin was obtained
      from studies with radioiodine labelled ferritin. The above findings indicate that
      ferritin suppresses certain parameters of T-lymphocyte function in vitro. The
      relation of the present findings to recognized abnormalities of T-cell function
      encountered in certain neoplastic disorders associated with high serum ferritin
      levels is at present unknown.

PMID- 157772
TI  - Interaction of nucleotides with chloroplast coupling factor 1.

PMID- 157773
TI  - Interaction of photoreactive and fluorescent nucleotides with chloroplast
      coupling factor 1.

PMID- 157771
TI  - Reduced number of peripheral blood granulocytic progenitor cells in patients with
      Down's syndrome.
AB  - The number of granulocytic progenitor cells (colony forming units in culture:
      CFUc) in the blood of patients with Down's syndrome was found to be reduced by
      73.2% when compared to a group of age and sex matched controls. However, the
      blood CFUc of the Down's syndrome patients and the controls showed similar
      sensitivity to hydroxyurea which suggests that the low number of progenitor cells
      in Down's syndrome is not compensated by a marked increase in their cellular
      proliferation. The colony size distributions were similar for both the patients
      and the controls and, in addition, repeated assays at various intervals revealed
      no marked fluctuation in the number of blood CFUc in either group. The
      significance of the reduced number of circulating CFUc in Down's syndrome in
      relation to the known susceptibility of such patients to leukaemia is discussed.

PMID- 157774
TI  - Purification of the energy-transducing adenosine triphosphatase complex from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - The oligomycin- and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive adenosine
      triphosphatase complex extracted with Triton X-100 from the chromatophores of
      Rhodospirillum rubrum was extensively purified. The purification procedure
      included (diethylamino)ethylcellulose chromatography and glycerol gradient
      centrifugation. The specific activity of Mg2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis in the
      purified preparation increased about 11-fold, while that of Ca2+-dependent ATP
      hydrolysis increased 50-fold as compared with chromatophores. The purified
      adenosine triphosphatase complex dissociated into a maximum of eight different
      polypeptides upon electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The
      estimated subunit molecular weights were as follows: 56 000 (alpha), 50 000
      (beta), 33 000 (gamma), and those ranging from 17 000 to 9400 for the remaining
      smaller subunits. The purified preparation was incorporated into phospholipid
      vesicles by using the freeze--thaw technique. The reconstituted vesicles
      catalyzed [32P]ATP exchange, which was almost completely inhibited by both
      oligomycin and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as by a protonophorous
      uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone.

PMID- 157775
TI  - Characterization of the sequence complexity and organization of the Neurospora
      crassa genome.

PMID- 157776
TI  - Structure of oxidative- and photo-phosphorylation coupling factor complexes.

PMID- 157777
TI  - Structure and function of proteolipids in myelin and non-myelin membranes.

PMID- 157778
TI  - Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and the mechanism of the Pasteur effect in diaphragm
      muscle. The regulation of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities.

PMID- 157779
TI  - Proteochondroitin sulfate synthesized in cartilages induced in vivo and in vitro
      by bone matrix gelatin.
AB  - Implanted allogeneic demineralized bone matrix gelatin induced sequential
      development of cartilage and bone in the recipient rat muscle tissue.
      Proteoglycans of the implants labeled in vivo with [35S]sulfate at different
      stages of development were analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation.
      The major proteoglycan synthesized in day-5 implant, just prior to onset of
      chondrogenesis, was a dermatan sulfate-containing proteoglycan with relatively
      slow sedimentation rate. Additionally, a small amount of a faster sedimenting
      component could be detected. The faster sedimenting proteoglycan, in which
      chondroitin 4-sulfate accounted for 85% of total radioactivity, became
      predominant in day-10 sample when cartilage formation was maximal. By day 30,
      when cartilage had been replaced by newly formed bone, the synthesis of this
      faster sedimenting component had ceased. A similar, if not identical,
      proteoglycan was found to be a major one synthesized by the in vitro-induced
      cartilage. This proteoglycan was smaller in overall size and shorter in length of
      its chondroitin sulfate chains than a major proteoglycan component obtained from
      neonatal rat epiphyseal cartilage. Concurrent with these changes in proteoglycan
      type, there appeared to be a change in collagen type, since type II collagen, in
      addition to type I collagen, was synthesized in day-10 implant. These results
      indicate that the proteoglycan can be used as a molecular marker for
      chondrogenesis by bone matrix gelatin.

PMID- 157781
TI  - [Study of the dynamic behavior of the glycolytic system using the simplest
      model].

PMID- 157780
TI  - Selective exposure of mucopolysaccharides is involved in macrophage physiology.
AB  - Surface and intracellular mucopolysaccharides of guinea-pig peritoneal
      macrophages maintained in suspension and monolayer culture were studied. At least
      five classes of compound (hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate,
      chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate) were resolved and characterized
      by electrophoresis and enzymatic degradation. The results reported here suggest
      that modulation of mucopolysaccharide exposure is involved in macrophage
      physiology. The possible biological role of surface mucopolysaccharides in
      macrophage activity is discussed.

PMID- 157782
TI  - [Temperature-dependent functional changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes].
AB  - Temperature effect on changes in calcium ion transport and activity of Ca-ATPase
      of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles (SRV) was studied. Several temperature
      intervals of the change of SRV functional activity parameters were found: 8-12
      degrees C-beginning of accumulation of SRV Ca2+, 12-19 degrees sharp activation
      of Ca2+ accumulation, 27-32 degrees-activation of passive yield, 36-43 degrees
      reversible change of the activity of the accumulation system and activation of Ca
      yield, 48 degrees and higher--irreversible denaturation of transport Ca-ATPase.
      Coincidence of temperature intervals of SRV structural reconstructions, detected
      by means of fluorescent probes and functional changes points to a close
      relationship between structural reconstructions and functional responses of
      biological membranes.

PMID- 157783
TI  - The effectiveness of EMG biofeedback training in low back pain.
AB  - Eighteen patients with chronic low back pain (lbp) of muscle tension origin were
      given an EMG biofeedback training. Compared to seven controls they showed a
      significant decrease during training in muscle tension and subsequently in pain.
      However, at follow-up EMG levels dropped to the initial (high) level. Pain scores
      of patients with high pain decrements during training showed further improvement
      during follow-up, which was not the case with patients showing less substantial
      improvement. The importance of cognitions was discussed.

PMID- 157785
TI  - Temporal variations in androgens and stress hormones in control and schizophrenic
      subjects.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay methods were employed to study the steroid hormones
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, testosterone, and androstenedione in
      schizophrenic and control subjects. Observations were made at four different
      times during the day. Cortisol, testosterone, and androstenedione demonstrated no
      significant differences between the two subjects groups. DHEA was significantly
      below normal in the morning for the schizophrenic group, but within the range of
      the controls for subsequent determinations during the day. Control subjects show
      a similar circadian secretion pattern for both DHEA and cortisol. Schizophrenics
      show almost the same circadian secretion patterns for cortisol as do the
      controls.

PMID- 157784
TI  - A new type of organization of the genetic material in eukaryotes.
AB  - An investigation of the properties of a number of genes of Drosophila, obtained
      by cloning recombinant DNAs, led to the detection of a new type of organization
      of genetic material. It was found that a number of actively working structural
      genes of Drosophila are represented by a large number of copies, scattered over
      its chromosomes. Their localization in the chromosomes is variable, although they
      are always detected in regions of intercalary heterochromatin. The latter
      evidently is a site of accumulation of various multiple genes.

PMID- 157786
TI  - T lymphocytes in patients with Down's syndrome.
AB  - Individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) are thought to have abnormalities in their
      immune system, and a tendency to infection and malignancy. Studies to quantify
      the number of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 82 unselected
      institutionalized patients (50 DS, 27 controls matched for sex and age, 2 chronic
      lymphocytic leukemic, 2 acute leukemic, and 1 Hodgkin's disease) were conducted.
      The numbers of circulating T cells in DS patients did not differ significantly
      from the control group, and were in the upper limits of normality. Number of
      "avid" T cells, however, were significantly higher in the DS than in the control
      group. The blastogenic response of the T cells to mitogen was significantly
      depressed. The data did not exclude the existence of qualitative abnormalities.
      Except for DS patients with congenital heart disease, those older than 15 years
      were not more prone to upper respiratory infections than other institutionalized
      mentally retarded patients.

PMID- 157787
TI  - Granulocytic chalone inhibits rapidly proliferating committed murine progenitor
      cells (CFU-C).
AB  - Bovine leucocyte extract containing the granulocytic chalone inhibited
      proliferation of rapidly, but not slowly, prliferating murine CFU-C. The
      precursors of CFU-C, i.e. multipotent colon-forming stem cells (CFU-S), were
      apparently not affected. Inhibition of proliferation was detected as a decreased
      killing of DNA synthesizing cells in diffusion chamber cultures by hydroxyurea,
      after pre-treatment with the extract.

PMID- 157788
TI  - Antigenic markers on fragment DD, a unique plasmic derivative of human
      crosslinked fibrin.

PMID- 157790
TI  - Current concepts in connective tissue disorders.

PMID- 157789
TI  - [Further purification of a tissue specific inhibitor in lymphopoiesis (lymphocyte
      chalone?) (author's transl)].
AB  - A partially purified calf spleen extract, which exhibits the properties of a
      lymphocyte chalone (tissue-specific, species non-specific, non-toxic and
      reversible acting, endogenous inhibitor of cell proliferation) as concerning
      biological activities, has been described earlier. This fraction has been further
      purified by ion exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sephacel to a 10,000-fold
      purification. The most active fraction inhibited 3H-thymidine incorporation into
      phytohemagglutinin- or pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes by 86% resp. 70%,
      when given in a concentration of 100 ng/ml. Ehrlich-ascites-cells were not
      inhibited by the same concentration. The inhibiting activity is compared to other
      published lymphocyte inhibitors.

PMID- 157791
TI  - Pseudocholinesterase activity and phenotypes in mentally ill patients.
AB  - Pseudocholinesterase activities and phenotypes have been determined in 103
      affectively ill patients, 168 schizophrenics and 73 Huntington's disease
      sufferers and compared with those of a sample of healthy controls. The
      distributions of phenotypes in the patient samples did not differ significantly
      from those of the controls. When corrections were made for sex, age and E1
      phenotypes, the Huntington's disease patients showed a reduced level of
      cholinesterase activity. Normal levels were found in affective disorders and
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 157792
TI  - Adenomatoid tumour of the epididymis: histochemical and ultrastructural study of
      2 cases.
AB  - Two cases of adenomatoid tumour of the epididymis are described. Both the
      histochemical and ultrastructural studied support the concept that it is of
      mesothelial origin. The histochemical study showed the presence of acid
      mucopolysaccharides in the lumen of the tubular structures. The epithelial cells
      presented numerous microvilli in the free surface, junction complexes, wide
      intercellular channels and a well-developed Golgi complex. Abundant bundles of
      microfilaments and intracellular spaces were observed in the cytoplasm.
      Lymphocytes and histiocytes were identified both in the tubular lumen and between
      the epithelial cells. The stroma of the tumour was made up of dense connective
      tissue with abundant bundles of elastic fibres. The presence of intracytoplasmic
      spaces in the epithelial cells and elastic fibres in the stroma had not been
      previously observed in this tumour.

PMID- 157793
TI  - Inhibition of reticuloendothelial function by gold and its relation to
      postinjection reactions.
AB  - A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed severe exacerbation of symptoms 18
      hours after an injection of gold thiomalate (sodium aurothiomalate). Immune
      complexes were present in his serum and synovial fluid; in the synovial fluid
      they were associated with intense complement activation. The effect of gold salts
      on splenic reticuloendothelial function was determined by measuring the clearance
      of heat-damaged erythrocytes from the circulation. Gold thiomalate (50 mg)
      substantially delayed clearance in the patient but had no effect in four other
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had not had a postinjection reaction.
      Severely impaired clearance also occurred in three out of four healthy people
      given 100 mg gold but they remained asymptomatic. The postinjection reaction may
      be an immune-complex disease that is triggered in certain patients because gold
      transiently inhibits reticuloendothelial function.

PMID- 157794
TI  - Gene transfer experiments in Neurospora.

PMID- 157795
TI  - Expression of the structural gene for catabolic dehydroquinase of Neurospora
      crassa in Escherichia coli K12.

PMID- 157796
TI  - The major intracellular alkaline deoxyribonuclease activities expressed in wild
      type and Rec-like mutants of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Over 95% of the deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity of log-phase mycelia of
      Neurospora crassa is expressed as single-strand (ss) specific endonucleolytic
      activity. This activity is associated with three nucleases (D1, D2, and D3) which
      after partial purification from extracts, express activity with double-strand
      (ds) DNA as well. All three enzymes also degrade RNA at approximately the same
      rates that they degrade ss-DNA. D3 has been identified as endoexonuclease, an
      enzyme previously shown to have endonuclease activity with ss-DNA and RNA and
      exonuclease activity with ds-DNA, both of which are inhibited by ATP. D3 is
      inhibited by ATP, is relatively resistant to p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PHMB), and
      sediments with an apparent molecular weight of 75 000. D2 has the properties of
      the previously described mitochondrial nuclease. It is a relatively unstable Mg2+
      dependent endonuclease with no appreciable strand specificity for DNA. In
      addition, it is not inhibited by ATP and is strongly inhibited by PHMB and by the
      ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). It also sediments with an apparent
      molecular weight of 75,000. The properties of D1 are quite variable from one
      preparation to another. Freshly isolated D1 sediments with an apparent molecular
      weight of 180 000. It often shows some inhibition by ATP, but is relatively
      resistant to both PHMB and EDTA. However, on 'ageing,' the properties of D1
      gradually convert to those of D2 with concomitant decrease in molecular weight,
      loss of inhibition by ATP, and increase in sensitivities to PHMB and EDTA. The
      results indicate that D1 is very likely a second form of the mitochondrial
      enzyme. Evidence was obtained for the presence of protein inhibitor(s) in crude
      extracts which may account for the masking of the ds-DNase activities of these
      enzymes in extracts. Two Rec-like mutants of Neurospora (uvs-3, and nuh-4) are
      deficient mainly inexpressed levels of D3, the endo-exonuclease. However, the
      levels of inactive endo-exonuclease precursor in these two mutants are higher
      than in the wild type. There may, therefore, be some defect in the conversion of
      precursor to active enzyme in these two mutants. Another mutant, which is not
      sensitive to mutagens relative to the wild (nuh-3), has depressed levels of both
      endo-exonuclease and the mitochondrial enzyme. Nuh-3 has some defect in the
      conversion of D1 to D2. Proteinases probably play some role in vivo in these
      enzyme conversions.

PMID- 157797
TI  - Thymidine incorporation into Rhizobium meliloti.
AB  - Thymidine is rapidly catabolized to thymine, beta-aminoisobutyric acid, and
      carbon dioxide by Rhizobium meliloti cells. The incorporation of labelled
      thymidine into the DNA of R. meliloti cells can be enhanced by the addition of
      low concentrations (10-20 micrograms/mL) of deoxyadenosine or other nucleosides
      (adenosine, uridine, guanosine). However, at high concentrations ( greater than
      50 micrograms/mL) these compounds inhibit thymidine incorporation. Conditions to
      obtain highly radioactive DNA of Rhizobium are described.

PMID- 157798
TI  - Prolonged and continuous percutaneous intra-arterial hepatic infusion
      chemotherapy in advanced metastatic liver adenocarcinoma from colorectal primary.
AB  - Sixty patients with advanced metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver from a
      colorectal primary were treated by prolonged and continuous intra-arterial
      hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy over a period of time from December 1969
      through July 1976. A 10-day course of 5-FU was administered in the hospital, and
      patients were discharged receiving 5-FUDR by continuous arterial infusion through
      a chronometric infusion pump. Objective responses of 100% were obtained in 15% of
      patients, 50% response in 39% of patients, and 25% response in 21% of patients.
      The median survival from onset of treatment was 8.5 months, 6.9 months, and 7
      months, respectively, for 100%, 50%, and 25% responders versus 3.6 months for
      nonresponders. Survivals from onset of treatment were generally less in those
      with no disease-free interval. No relationship of response to sex and age was
      found. Patients previously treated with 5-FU intravenously responded to intra
      arterial chemotherapy; 13% had a 100% response, and 54% had a 50% response. No
      relationship of drug dose to response was observed. Drug toxicity was frequently
      systemic and mild to moderate. Numerous complications occurred due to the
      catheter, complete or partial thrombosis occurring in 18.6% and 20.8%,
      respectively, and 30% of patients had displacement of the catheter. The role of
      partial arterial occlusion in terms of response and survival may be significant.
      Future studies should involve comparison of direct surgical placement versus
      percutaneous placement of catheters.

PMID- 157799
TI  - Experimental squamous cell lung tumors in Sprague-Dawley and murine pneumonitis
      free rats.
AB  - Squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma was produced in 34% of a group of specific
      pathogen-free rats in a mean time of 139 days by the use of point-source
      irradiation. In a group of Sprague-Dawley rats, identical tumors developed in 54%
      of animals after an average exposure time of 147 days. This study was undertaken
      to clarify whether the bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas produced by this
      method are due to the effects of the point source of irradiation alone or to the
      additive effects of irradiation and chronic murine pneumonitis. The results of
      this study in specific pathogen-free rats indicate that murine pneumonitis is not
      a prerequisite for the development of neoplasia by this method. The electron
      microscopic findings presented support the histologic diagnosis of a well
      differentiated squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma, similar in appearance to the
      tumor found in humans.

PMID- 157800
TI  - Augmentation of antitumor cytotoxicity of MOPC-315 tumor bearer spleen cells by
      depletion of dinitrophenol-adherent cells prior to in vitro immunization.

PMID- 157801
TI  - Phase I trial of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate.
AB  - A Phase I clinical trial of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate, an antimetabolite
      which inhibits a key enzyme in the de novo pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis,
      was conducted. N-(Phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate was given as an i.v. 15-min
      infusion once daily for five days; cycles of treatment were repeated every three
      weeks. Thirty-four patients received treatment. Dose-limiting toxicity was
      observed at 1500 to 2000 mg/sq m/day and was manifested by skin rash, diarrhea,
      and stomatitis. Rash and diarrhea usually began during the first week of
      treatment and persisted up to Day 17 of a cycle of therapy. No consistent
      hematopoietic, hepatic, or renal toxicity was observed. One partial response in a
      patient with colon carcinoma was seen and continues at more than eight months.
      Stable disease was observed in three patients with colon carcinoma, two patients
      with hypernephroma, one patient with pancreatic carcinoma, and one patient with
      melanoma. The predictability and reversibility of toxicity and the suggestion of
      antitumor activity in humans are observations which support the further
      evaluation of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate in Phase II studies.

PMID- 157803
TI  - Abnormal kinetics of DNA synthesis in ultraviolet light-irradiated cells from
      patients with Cockayne's syndrome.
AB  - Cells from patients with the hereditary disorder Cockayne's syndrome and from the
      sun-sensitive individual, 11961, are sensitive to the lethal effects of
      ultraviolet light (UV) but have no detectable defect in either excision- or
      postreplication repair after UV irradiation. In normal cells and in Cockayne
      heterozygotes, UV causes a depression in the rate of DNA-replicative synthesis
      followed by a recovery of normal rates 5 to 8 hr after irradiation. In Cockayne
      and 11961 cells, the initial depression in DNA synthesis is the same as that in
      normal cells, but no subsequent recovery is observed. The recovery of DNA
      synthesis in normal cells appears to be unaffected by fluorodeoxyuridine but
      inhibited by cycloheximide. This suggests a possible requirement for de novo
      protein synthesis, but there are a number of alternative interpretations of these
      data.

PMID- 157802
TI  - Interaction of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate with cells
      in mixed-lymphocyte culture.
AB  - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibits DNA synthesis in bovine lymph
      node lymphocytes in mixed-lymphocyte cultures. Using a radioautographic study, we
      determined that TPA also blocked morphological changes in these cultures.
      Pretreatment of cultures of isologous lymphocytes with 10(-7) M TPA for three
      days prior to mixing was sufficient to block their subsequent response in mixed
      culture. Thus, TPA did not need to be present during the initial cell-to-cell
      interactions of the mixed lymphocyte response. The inhibition was not due to the
      death of the responding cell population because the effect was reversible. In one
      way mixed-lymphocyte cultures, TPA pretreatment of either responding or
      stimulating cells could block DNA synthesis. The responding cells were more
      sensitive to TPA than were the stimulating cells. The inhibitory effect of the
      stimulators increased with an increase in the stimulating-to-responding cell
      ratio. In one-way cultures, it was also seen that lymphocytes from different
      animals varied both in their sensitivity to TPA and in their response to TPA
      treated cells from other animals. The data taken together are consistent with the
      idea that TPA acts by changing cell surface recognition structures and/or
      indirectly, through activation of a subpopulation of cells to block the
      proliferative response. TPA may prove to be a valuable tool in studying cell-cell
      interactions and lymphocyte differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 157804
TI  - Effects of estrogen to alter amino acid transport in R3230AC mammary carcinomas
      and its relationship to insulin action.
AB  - The effects of estrogens on transport and incorporation of amino acids into the
      R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma were studied in vivo and in vitro. Dissociated
      tumor cells from ovariectomized rats, like those from diabetic rats, displayed
      elevated transport of proline, representing entry by the A system; transport of
      phenylalanine (L system) was unaltered, as was glucose transport and its
      utilization. Administration of estradiol valerate decreased the entry of proline
      into tumor cells from intact, diabetic, or ovariectomized animals; the response
      to the steroid hormone was greater in ovariectomized or diabetic rats compared to
      intact animals. The time course of the effects of estrogen treatment was examined
      in diabetic rats. By 72 hr, transport of both proline and leucine was
      significantly decreased; incorporation of leucine into proteins and uridine into
      RNA was significantly reduced by 24 hr after injection of estradiol valerate. The
      effects of estrogen in vivo to reduce transport of amino acids and their
      incorporation into proteins appeared to correlate with the reduced tumor growth
      observed. Experiments were performed to examine the effects of 17 beta-estradiol
      in vitro on amino acid transport into dissociated cells from ovariectomized or
      diabetic rats. Under these experimental conditions, 17 beta-estradiol (10(-6)M)
      inhibited proline transport with little or no effect on leucine transport in
      cells from ovariectomized rats; in cells from diabetic rats, proline transport
      and leucine incorporation were significantly reduced by estradiol, whereas
      phenylalanine transport was slightly inhibited (approximately 20%). The effect of
      estradiol in vitro was also manifest in tumor cells obtained from diabetic rats
      treated in vivo with estradiol valerate; estradiol in vitro caused a further
      reduction in proline transport but not in leucine transport, results that imply
      some specificity to the action of estrogen on the A system. Since we had earlier
      shown that insulin action on transport in these tumor cells were directed towards
      the A system, we examined the effects of insulin, estradiol, and their
      combination in vitro on proline and leucine transport. Insulin (10(-8) M)
      stimulated proline transport; 17 beta-estradiol, at a selected lower level of 10(
      8) M, inhibited proline transport. When both were added in vitro, estradiol (10(
      8 M) was capable of significantly reducing the insulin (10(-8) M)-induced
      increase in proline transport. Leucine transport was not altered in any of these
      experiments. Together, these data suggest that estrogens are capable of
      inhibiting amino acid transport into the R3230AC mammary carcinoma, an effect
      that is compatible with reduced tumor growth. The possible relationship of
      estrogen and insulin at the level of amino acid transport remains to be
      elucidated.

PMID- 157805
TI  - Assay of intracellular free and macromolecular-bound metabolites of 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine and 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - Methods have been developed to assay several aspects of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine
      and 5-fluorouracil metabolism in tissue culture cells. These methods allow
      measurement of (a) intracellular levels of the covalent complex formed between 5
      fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP), 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate,
      and thymidylate synthetase; (b) incorporation of drug into RNA; and (c) analysis
      of drug metabolites. The methods were developed using radioactively labeled
      drugs, but they should be adaptable to studies using nonlabeled compounds.
      Sephadex G-25 chromatography or trichloroacetic acid precipitation were utilized
      for isolation of the macromolecular cell fraction; prior treatment of this
      fraction with RNase or heating at 65 degrees for 15 min resulted in selective
      removal of RNA or the thymidylate synthetase complex, respectively, from the
      precipitable fraction. Free intracellular drug metabolites present in the acid
      soluble fraction were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Following
      incubation of HTC cells with [6-3H]-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, a radioactive
      macromolecule was isolated and identified as a FdUMP-5,10
      methylenetetrahydrofolate-thymidylate synthetase complex. Intracellular formation
      of this complex was shown to be dependent on the presence of the enzyme thymidine
      kinase. Dissociation of the complex in vivo was first order with a t1/2 of 6.2
      hr; in contrast, a t1/2 of 2 hr was determined for dissociation of the complex in
      cytosol. Incubation of L1210 cells with [6-3H]-5-fluorouracil for 22 hr resulted
      in formation of 80 fmol of FdUMP-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-thymidylate
      synthetase complex per 10(6) cells, as compared with 400 fmol of drug
      incorporated into RNA per 10(6) cells. Intracellular FdUMP could not be detected
      in the acid-soluble fraction of these cells unless the cells were first heated to
      dissociate the complex.

PMID- 157806
TI  - Restoration of cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of thymus-derived cytotoxic
      cell generation by normal thymocytes.
AB  - Spleen cells from mice treated with cyclophosphamide (100 to 200 mg/kg) were
      unable to generate effective cytotoxic thymus-derived cells to allogeneic tumor
      cells in vitro. The inability of lymphoid cells from cyclophosphamide-treated
      mice to generate thymus-derived cytotoxic cells became more apparent as the
      number of responding cells became limited. This depressed response was not due to
      the elimination of cytotoxic precursor cells since normal response levels were
      restored by the addition of thymus cells. The added thymus cells did not provide
      cytotoxic cells in the culture. The thymus cells active in restoring cytotoxic
      activity were sensitive to mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, and anti-theta serum
      and complement. In addition, the active thymus cells were located in the
      cortisone-resistant pool and did not adhere to nylon wool columns.

PMID- 157808
TI  - Phase I study of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine plus cytosine arabinoside infusions in
      patients with solid tumors.
AB  - A phase I trial was conducted in 30 patients with solid tumors, using infusions
      of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUdR) plus cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). Doses of 5
      FUdR administered over 2 hours daily X 5 ranged from 0.02 to 1.0 mg/kg, and these
      doses immediately preceded a 1-hour infusion of ara-C. These schedules were
      selected because 5-FUdR pretreatment had been shown to sensitize L5178Y cells in
      culture to acute cell death by ara-C. Dose-limiting toxicity was
      myelosuppression. Based upon results in this study, the recommended dose of 5
      FUdR to be used in phase II trials of this combination is 0.04--0.05 mg/kg (1.6-
      2.0 mg/m2) given prior to ara-C at a dose of 100 mg/m2. Antitumor responses were
      seen in patients with head and neck cancer, breast carcinoma, and carcinoid
      syndrome.

PMID- 157807
TI  - Clinical trial of weekly pyrazofurin.
AB  - Pyrazofurin was administered to 21 patients with solid tumors at a dose of 200
      mg/m2 iv weekly, because this dose had been shown to be well-tolerated and
      pharmacologic effects of a single dose at this level persisted for up to 7 days.
      An anemia consistent with a disturbance in rbc production was seen in most
      patients. Other toxic effects included stomatitis, rash, and myelosuppression. No
      complete or partial responses were noted, but two patients with alveolar cell
      carcinoma of the lung each had stable disease for 12 months. Most of the patients
      in this study tolerated the weekly dosage schedule well with only minimal
      myelosuppression, suggesting that this agent and schedule might be acceptable for
      use in combination chemotherapy. Several theoretic reasons favor the use of
      pyrazofurin in this manner. Pyrazofurin should also be evaluated more fully in
      patients with polycythemia vera, mycosis fungoides, and psoriasis, since other
      orotidylate decarboxylase inhibitors have been shown to be effective in these
      diseases.

PMID- 157809
TI  - Host resistance to tumor after cure of advanced LSA lymphoma by treatment with
      BCNU and chlorozotocin.
AB  - C57BL mice carrying the syngeneic advanced LSA ascites lymphoma initiated with a
      10(6)-cell LSA inoculum were treated with four combinations of BCNU and/or
      chlorozotocin (CLZ) on Days 5 and 6 after tumor inoculation. The percentage of
      mice surviving greater than or equal to 60 days was greater than 80% for all four
      combinations. Surviving mice were then challenged with live LSA cells beginning
      with 100 cells and increasing the inoculum by factors of 10 every 3 weeks until a
      10(7)-cell inoculum level was reached. The latter dose was repeated four times. A
      marked difference in resistance to tumor challenge was observed for the various
      groups. Surviving tumor-resistant mice at the end of the experiment, classified
      by original treatment, were as follows: BCNU-BCNU, 86.7%; CLZ-BCNU, 56.3%; BCNU
      CLZ, 23.5% and CLZ-CLZ, 0. Various hypotheses are presented which might explain
      these differences.

PMID- 157810
TI  - Effect of intravenous glibornuride and tolbutamide on myocardial contractility.
AB  - The acute effects of therapeutic doses of intravenous tolbutamide and
      glibornuride on the systolic time intervals (QS2c, LVETc, PEPc and PEP/LVET) were
      examined in 5 healthy volunteers. Blood sugar was maintained constant throughout
      the study. No significant changes of these intervals as well as of heart rate and
      blood pressure were observed. Therefore, it is concluded that tolbutamide and
      glibornuride have no acute positive inotropic action.

PMID- 157811
TI  - The effects of alpha-methyldopa on cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats: ultrastructural, stereological, and morphometric analysis.

PMID- 157813
TI  - Electron cytochemical detection of two dehydrogenase activities in Neurospora
      crassa.

PMID- 157812
TI  - Effects of adenine nucleotides on calcium binding by rat heart sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interactions between ATP,
      ADP and calcium binding by rat heart sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles (SR), and to
      re-evaluate the assay method used to study calcium binding. Calcium binding or
      transport was studied by the Millipore filtration method. Rat heart SR has an
      unusually high Mg2+ stimulated ATPase activity (1.37 +/- 0.16 mumol Pi per min
      per mg at 25 degrees C) so that previous incubation with ATP in calcium binding
      studies releases ADP and Pi. By maintaining ATP at high and ADP at low
      concentrations with an ATP-regenerating system (phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate
      kinase), calcium binding capacity was increased by two to three times that of a
      non-ATP-regenerating system and there was a direct relationship between the
      amount of Ca-binding and SR protein concentration. When Ca2+ and Mg2+
      concentrations were controlled and ATP and ADP concentrations were varied
      independently the initial rate of Ca-binding was inhibited 25% by 1 mmol.litre-1
      ADP and 48% by 3mmol.litre-1 ADP. ATP limited the initial rate of Ca-binding only
      at ATP levels below 2mmol.litre-1. At low ATP concentrations Ca-release was
      observed. However, in the presence of an ATP-regenerating system no Ca-release
      was observed, even at low concentrations of ATP. This study shows that ADP is an
      inhibitor of Ca-binding by rat heart SR. However, the possibility that high ADP
      concentrations in the presence of Pi from ATP hydrolysis, could facilitate
      calcium release cannot be excluded. In addition to the possible physiological
      importance, these effects must be regarded when assaying rat cardiac SR calcium
      binding.

PMID- 157814
TI  - Spermatogonial chalone(s): effect on the phases of the cell cycle of type A
      spermatogonia in the rat.

PMID- 157816
TI  - Quantitation of the T cell deficiency in RFM mice with host versus graft disease.

PMID- 157815
TI  - Organization of tRNA and rRNA genes in N. crassa mitochondria: intervening
      sequence in the large rRNA gene and strand distribution of the RNA genes.
AB  - Through analysis of cloned fragments of N. crassa mitochondrial DNA, we have
      derived a physical map for the region of the mitochondrial genome which encodes
      the ribosomal RNAs and most of the tRNAs. We have located RNA genes on this map
      by hybridization of purified 32P end-labeled RNA probes, and our findings are as
      follows. First, the gene for the large ribosomal RNA contains an intervening
      sequence of approximately 2000 bp. Second, the genes for the small and large
      ribosomal RNAs are not adjacent, as previously reported, and the region between
      them contains a number of tRNA genes, including that for the mitochondrial
      tRNATyr, which is located close to the small rRNA gene on the same strand of the
      mitochondrial DNA. Third, there is a second cluster of tRNA genes on the
      mitochondrial DNA following the large ribosomal RNA gene, but there is no
      evidence for the presence of tRNA genes in the intervening sequence of the large
      ribosomal RNA. Fourth, hybridization of labeled ribosomal and transfer RNAs to
      the separated strands of a cloned 16 kbp DNA fragment covering this region
      indicates that the two ribosomal RNAs and most, if not all, of the mitochondrial
      tRNAs are encoded on one strand of the mitochondrial DNA.

PMID- 157817
TI  - Synergy among rat T cells in the proliferative response to alloantigen.

PMID- 157818
TI  - Analysis of lymphocytes reactive to histocompatibility antigens. I. A
      quantitative titration assay for mixed lymphocyte interactions in the rat.

PMID- 157819
TI  - Effects of chromium compounds on plasma membrane Mg2+-ATPase activity of BHK
      cells.

PMID- 157820
TI  - Changes in mitochondrial DNA in cardiac hypertrophy in the rat.
AB  - We studied DNA (mtDNA) replication in adult female rat hearts undergoing
      hypertrophy secondary to constriction of the ascending aorta. MtDNA was measured
      in isolated mitochondria by a fluorometric method adapted for that purpose. The
      conditions for removal of contaminating nuclear DNA were developed, and the
      purity of the mtDNA was assessed from its molecular conformation (open and closed
      circles) and by renaturation-kinetic analysis. The mtDNA concentration in
      mitochondria, expressed as micrograms of DNA per milligram of mitochondrial
      protein, increased 2, 4, and 7 days postoperatively by 21, 73, and 98%,
      respectively. Similar results were obtained when mtDNA was expressed per nonomole
      of cytochrome a. The population of replicative intermediates of mtDNA was
      analyzed by electron microscopy. In normal hearts, we observed molecular forms
      characteristic of animal mtDNA, such as circular monomers and dimers, catenated
      molecules, D-loops, expanded D-loops, and gapped molecules. D-loop frequency,
      which was near 50% in the mtDNA of control hearts, was markedly reduced to 5-7%
      in hypertrophying hearts. This result indicates that the increase in replicative
      flux of mtDNA is associated with the removal of a block in the conversion of D
      loops to other intermediates.

PMID- 157821
TI  - Lack of effect of prolactin suppression on plasma dehydroepiandrosterone
      sulphate.
AB  - In twelve patients with hyperprolactinaemia, treatment which reduced plasma
      prolactin from a mean of 531 microgram/l (range 68-3500 microgram/1) to 8.3
      microgram/l (0-27 microgram/l), caused no significant change in plasma
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-SO4). Pre-treatment levels of DHA-SO4 were
      within the normal range in eleven out of twelve cases. The results do not support
      for claims that prolactin excess is associated with an increase in circulating
      DHA-SO4.

PMID- 157822
TI  - Down's syndrome in Western Australia: mortality and survival.
AB  - An epidemiological investigation of 231 cases of Down's Syndrome born in Western
      Australia between 1966 and 1976 confirmed the importance of congenital heart
      disease as a determinant of early mortality. An unexplained and hitherto
      unreported high incidence of Sudden Death in Infancy Syndrome if survival rates
      with those of other investigators show, that mortality amongst cases of Down's
      Syndrome with no congential heart defect has decreased and longevity is no longer
      a rate occurrence. As a result of these changes, and despite a demonstrable fall
      in the incidence of Down Syndrome in Western Australia, the prevalence of the
      condition is expected to rise.

PMID- 157823
TI  - Functional characteristics of human T-lymphocyte subsets identified by sera from
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 157824
TI  - Depressed stimulation in the MLR by B lymphocytes on chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia: failure to demonstrate a suppressor cell.

PMID- 157825
TI  - The Burns' test in low back pain: correlation with the hysterical personality.
AB  - Twenty-five postoperative lumbar laminectomy and diskectomy patients were
      administered the MMPI and evaluated by physical examination which included the
      Burns' Bench Test. In this test the patient is asked to kneel on a bench with
      knees and hips flexed and place his fingers on the floor. The kneeling position
      relieves stress on the low back and tension on the siatic nerve, so that patients
      with organic causes of low back pain are able to perform the test. Conversely,
      inability to perform the test is indicative of functional symptoms as in
      hysteria. All patients were males and the average age was 54. The average
      interval from surgery was 2 1/2 years. Sixty-seven per cent of those patients
      unable to perform the Burns' test were classified as hysterical on the basis of
      the MMPI, while 73% of patients classified as hysterical using the MMPI criteria
      failed to perform the Burns' test. The correlation between the Burns' test and
      hysteria as determined by the MMPI was 0.48. In terms of sensitivity and
      specificity, the sensitivity of the Burn's test in distinguishing patients with
      an hysterical MMPI was 73%. The specificity for normal subjects was 71%. The
      Burns' test is a useful clinical test for differentiating between organic and non
      organic causes of low back pain. However, the test by itself should not be
      construed as an unequivocal measure of hysteria as defined psychologically by the
      MMPI. Failure to perform the test indicates a need for further psychological
      study.

PMID- 157826
TI  - The management of atlanto-axial subluxation with neurologic involvement in Down's
      syndrome: a report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - A review of 5 cases in the literature and our 2 additional cases of atlanto-axial
      sublux-ation in Down's Syndrome with associated neurologic deterioration suggests
      that posterior stabilization and fusion should be carried out initially.
      Posterior decompression alone, with excision of the posterior arch of C-1, may
      further increase atlantoaxial instability and contribute to neurologic
      deterioration. Lateral radiographs in flexion and extension and contrast studies
      are recommended to assess the reducibility of the lesion and the site of neural
      impingement. It is further recommended that if significant neurologic
      deterioration persists or worsens, an oral transpharyngeal odontoidectomy should
      be considered for cord decompression.

PMID- 157827
TI  - Female sterilization.

PMID- 157828
TI  - Relaxation rate of constituent muscle-fibre types in human quadriceps.
AB  - 1. Muscle fibres may be subdivided into type I (with slow-twitch contractile
      properties) and type II (fast-twitch) depending on their myosin adenosine
      triphosphatase activity. In voluntary isometric contractions type I fibres are
      utilized at low forces (less than 20% of maximum) whereas type II fibres are
      recruited in addition at high forces. This physiological recruitment order has
      enabled us to measure the relaxtion rate of type I and II fibres in vivo in
      normal human subjects. 2. Relaxation rate was measured in 16 subjects from low
      (10% of maximum) and maximum isometric quadriceps contractions and the muscle
      fibre type composition determined from needle-biopsy specimens in 10 subjects.
      The relaxation rate of type II fibres was calculated to be twice as fast as that
      of type I. 3. It was not possible to estimate, from studies in 33 quadriceps
      muscles (25 normal subjects), the contribution of type II fibres to overall fibre
      area from the relaxation rate as determined from electrically stimulated
      isometric contractions.

PMID- 157829
TI  - Cardiac effects of angiotensin antagonists in normotensive rats.
AB  - 1. Angiotensin II (AII) antagonists, namely Sar1,Ile8-AII, Sar1,Ala8-AII and
      Sar1,Thr8-AII, were administered daily for 4 weeks to normotensive rats to study
      their effect on cardiac hypertrophy. 2. None of the antagonists altered blood
      pressure significantly but Sar1,Ile8-AII and Sar1,Ala8-AII produced a significant
      increase in heart weight, as compared with untreated age-matched control rats.
      Administration of Sar1,Thr8-AII did not produce cardiac hypertrophy. 3. A
      significant increase in catecholamine concentration was observed in the
      ventricles of rats treated with Sar1,Ile8-AII and Sar1,Ala8-AII but no change was
      found in the group treated with the Sar1,Thr8-AII analogue. The production of
      cardiac hypertrophy by Sar1,Ile8-AII was prevented by bilateral adrenalectomy,
      suggesting an important role for catecholamines in modulating cardiac
      hypertrophy.

PMID- 157830
TI  - Effect of chronic clonidine treatment and its abrupt cessation on mean blood
      pressure of rats with a normal or an elevated blood pressure.
AB  - 1. Clonidine (6 mg of base/l of water) was given as drinking fluid to
      normotensive rats or rats with established or early hypertension. 2. Spontaneous
      hypertensive rats (6 months old: average dose of clonidine, 0.6 mg 24 h-1 kg-1)
      showed a sustained fall in blood pressure over 3 weeks. 3. The same clonidine
      solution given for 6 weeks to two-kidney Goldblatt rats with early-stage
      hypertension (average dose of clonidine: 1 mg 24 h-1 kg-1) or spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (clonidine dose: 1 mg) induced a fall in mean blood pressure,
      but no change in normotensive rats. 4. Replacement of clonidine by water induced
      hypertension and lability which led to death in hypertensive but not in
      normotensive rats.

PMID- 157832
TI  - Origin of replication, oriC, of the Escherichia coli K12 chromosome: nucleotide
      sequence.

PMID- 157831
TI  - [Electrocardiographic anomalies in obstructive myocardiopathy].

PMID- 157833
TI  - Positive and negative control of bacteriophage lambda DNA replication.

PMID- 157834
TI  - Dissection and comparative anatomy of the origins of replication of lambdoid
      phages.

PMID- 157835
TI  - Functional analysis of the replicator structure of lambdoid bacteriophage DNAs.
AB  - In our hybrid-plasmid reconstruction analysis of lambda (lambdoid) DNA signal
      structures involved in phage DNA replication, we have detected a dual system
      alternatingly able to initiate a first primer-RNA synthesis. Both of them--the
      major, primase-dependent ori system and the minor and usually suppressed, RNA
      polymerase-dependent oop system--act in conjunction with a common signal
      structure for inception of DNA synthesis. It appears that in situations such as
      this, where one has to deal with the existence of regular as well as backup
      systems serving the same function, straightforward conclusions are no longer
      possible in their genetic analysis. For example, even though the oop-DNA segment
      can be deleted entirely from bacteriophage lambda DNA without disturbing its
      ability to replicate, it may not be valid to conclude that the oop system has no
      function in DNA replication. Dual systems of this type or organization in general
      have also been observed previously for some other replicons such as the R-factors
      R6-5 and R6K (Timmis et al. 1978; Crosa et al., this volume) or the F factor
      (Helinski et al., this volume), and they may be more common than presently
      expected.

PMID- 157836
TI  - Excision-repair of uracil in DNA: its implications for the discontinuous
      replication of DNA in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 157837
TI  - Enzymatic replication of phiX174 duplex circles: continuous synthesis.

PMID- 157838
TI  - Cleavage site of phiX174 gene-A protein in phiX and G4 RFI DNA.

PMID- 157839
TI  - Single-stranded phage replication: positive- and negative-strand DNA synthesis.

PMID- 157840
TI  - A dnaB-analog DNA-replication protein of phage P1.

PMID- 157841
TI  - Effects of the second (ethanol) extract of ginseng on the cardiovascular dynamics
      of dogs during halothane anesthesia.
AB  - An electromagnetic flowmeter probe was chronically implanted around the ascending
      aorta in a group of dogs. Subsequently, ten dogs were lightly anesthetized with
      halothane (0.75%), and a second (ethanol) extract of ginseng (40 mg/kg) was
      administered intravenously. Five dogs were anesthetized without the
      administration of ginseng. Eleven cardiovascular variables including cardiac
      output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure,
      central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and base
      deficit were compared for two hours. The heart rate and mean arterial pressure
      were significantly decreased following ginseng. There were no other meaningful
      changes in either group.

PMID- 157842
TI  - Effects of the third (aqueous) extract of ginseng on the cardiovascular dynamics
      of dogs during halothane anesthesia.
AB  - An electromagnetic flowmeter probe was chronically implanted around the ascending
      aorta in a group of dogs. Subsequently, ten dogs were lightly anesthetized with
      halothane (0.75%) and the third (aqueous) extract of ginseng (40 mg/kg) was
      administered intravenously. Five dogs were anesthetized without the
      administration of ginseng. Eleven cardiovascular variables including cardiac
      output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure,
      central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and base
      deficit were compared. The cardiac output, stroke volume, and central venous
      pressure were decreased significantly, while total peripheral resistance was
      increased significantly following ginseng.

PMID- 157843
TI  - Sex and disability - the news gets better.

PMID- 157844
TI  - Incontinence: searching out the good news.

PMID- 157845
TI  - Fluorimetric determination of DNA in papain digests of cartilage, using ethidium
      bromide.
AB  - A fluorimetric procedure for the determination of the DNA content of cartilage is
      described. The tissue is initially solubilised by digestion with papain, and
      ethidium bromide is used for the subsequent quantitation of DNA. The basis of the
      procedure is the enhancement of fluorescence which occurs when ethidium bromide
      complexes with native nucleic acids, fluorescence due to DNA being distinguished
      from that due to RNA through the use of ribonuclease. The method provides
      reproducible results, allowing determination of DNA in papain digests containing
      greater than 1.25 microgram DNA/ml, and is a rapid alternative to more laborious
      colorimetric or fluorimetric methods, which require the separation of DNA from
      other tissue components. The procedure is highly specific for DNA and is useful
      in metabolic studies in which various parameters of chondrocyte activity are
      being studied.

PMID- 157846
TI  - Effect of methods of preservation on the arrangement of collagen fibrils in
      connective tissue matrices: an x-ray diffraction study of annulus fibrosus.
AB  - Samples of annulus fibrosus were dissected from the anterior of lumbar
      intervertebral discs from adult rabbits. X-ray diffraction was used to provide a
      measure of the distribution of collagen fibrils in each sample. The sample was
      then preserved and the experiment repeated twice. Three methods of preservation
      were used: (1) fixation in formol saline, (2) freezing, (3) freezing in liquid
      nitrogen. Frozen specimens were subsequently thawed. None of the three methods of
      preservation affected the distribution of collagen fibrils in the tissue
      significantly. However, fixation does cause the collagen molecules to become more
      closely packed within a fibril. The method of choice for preserving annulus
      fibrosus and, by implication, other connective tissue matrices for
      ultrastructural studies is discussed.

PMID- 157847
TI  - The effect of contaminant proteases in testicular hyaluronidase preparations on
      the immunological properties of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan.
AB  - Commercial testicular hyaluronidase preparations are contaminated by a small
      amount of protease activity which is partially inhibited by serine-protease
      inhibitors or pepstatin. These protease inhibitors can be shown by Sepharose gel
      column chromatography to abolish or reduce hyaluronidase-induced degradation of
      bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan subunit without affecting the ability of the
      enzyme to degrade chondroitin sulfate. In addition, immunodiffusion studies
      indicate that pretreatment of hyaluronidase with these protease inhibitors
      reduces or abolishes the ability of the enzyme to produce a second "link-related"
      immunoprecipitin line upon digestion of link protein-containing proteoglycan
      fractions. Thus, the enhancement of immune reactivity and the unmasking of an
      additional antigen noted after digestion of cartilage proteoglycan with
      testicular hyaluronidase are most likely due to the exposure of additional
      antigenic sites or the the release of more highly immunoreactive fragments by the
      contaminant proteases rather than to the action of hyaluronidase itself.

PMID- 157848
TI  - The content of dityrosine in chick and rabbit aorta proteins.
AB  - The possible presence of dityrosine in elastin derived by two different methods
      and in structural glycoproteins from aortas of 1 day old chicks, adult rabbits
      and fetal rabbits was determined by a sensitive spectrofluorimetric procedure.
      Only chick tissues were found to contain dityrosine, 0.3 residues/100,000 total
      amino acid residues in aortic elastin and 12-15 residues/100,000 residues in the
      structural glycoproteins. No dityrosine could be detected in any of the fetal or
      mature rabbit tissues. However, related fluorescent compounds with different
      excitation-emission maxima and different elution times were obtained by ion
      exchange chromatography of structural glycoproteins partially hydrolyzed under
      alkaline conditions.

PMID- 157849
TI  - Permeability changes in membranes of Neurospora crassa after freezing and
      thawing.

PMID- 157850
TI  - Topical clindamycin in acne: a preliminary study.
AB  - A solution of clindamycin in 50 percent alcohol used topically in the treatment
      of acne was found to be an adequate therapy to replace systemic tetracycline.
      Patients followed over a two to three month period showed improvement in lesion
      counts and subjective improvement as evaluated by the investigator and patient.

PMID- 157851
TI  - Dermatologic therapy: December 1977 through November 1978.

PMID- 157852
TI  - Psoriasiform eruption induced by propranolol.
AB  - The appearance of a psoriasiform eruption in a seventy-eight year old patient
      after one year of treatment with propranolol is presented herein. The histologic
      picture was not compatible with psoriasis vulgaris, although it contained some of
      the same features. Immunologic investigation revealed immune deposits at the
      junction of the dermis and epidermis and in blood vessel walls as well as
      monoclonal gammopathy. The rash, which was followed by a reduction in tear
      secretion, is suggested to have been a drug reaction associated with propranolol.
      This is supported by the positive results of a migration inhibiting factor test
      towards propranolol, the clearing of the eruption which took place three weeks
      after withdrawal of the drug, and the negative result of the same test obtained
      soon afterwards.

PMID- 157853
TI  - Cutaneous reaction to spironolactone resembling lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A cirrhotic male patient was admitted with a skin eruption. He had been taking
      spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide for two months prior to admission. The
      morphology and distribution of skin lesions resembled that of systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE). Histologic changes in the skin biopsy specimen were
      consistent with SLE. Biopsy specimens of normal and affected skin were reported
      to show weak focal deposition of IgM and complement at the dermal-epidermal
      junction. However, there was a striking absence of serologic evidence of SLE. The
      rash disappeared when all medications were discontinued and reappeared when the
      patient was given spironolactone. The character and distribution of the rash
      after spironolactone administration was identical to the previous lesions. It
      disappeared again when spironolactone was withdrawn. This response to
      spironolactone is good evidence that it and not chlorothiazide was responsible
      for the rash. The latter drug has been reported to cause SLE-like skin changes.

PMID- 157854
TI  - Vitamin B-12 induced acnes.
AB  - A type of acne induced by vitamin B-12 deserves a special place among acneiform
      eruptions. The eruption is monomorphic and of a particular type. It consists of
      voluminous folliculitis lesions which develop acutely after the first injections
      of vitamin B-12 and disappear rapidly when treatment is discontinued. The
      etiologic and pathogenic mechanisms of the disease are not know.

PMID- 157855
TI  - Biofeedback training in the therapy of dyshidrosis.
AB  - Biofeedback training for hand warming and relaxation was used with five patients
      with severe dyshidrotic eczema who were poorly responsive to conventional
      therapy. Improvement was seen in all five patients, especially those who most
      noted flaring of their disease under stress. Biofeedback is being used in the
      treatment of diverse stress-related disorders, and may have potential in
      dermatologic diseases.

PMID- 157856
TI  - Cutaneous reaction rates to penicillins--oral versus parenteral.
AB  - Rates of skin reactions for oral and parenteral administration of various types
      of penicillin were compared in an extensive series of carefully monitored
      patients. The rate with orally administered penicillins was consistently lower
      than when administered parenterally.

PMID- 157857
TI  - Occupational, industrial, and plant dermatology symposium. Part II. Role of skin
      appendages, physical factors, pigment, and malingering.

PMID- 157858
TI  - Therapy update 1979.

PMID- 157860
TI  - Primary cardiomyopathy: clinical analysis of 74 cases. I. Congestive
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 157859
TI  - Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the azygous vein with intact
      atrial septum.
AB  - A five-year-old girl with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the
      azygous vein with intact atrial septum is reported. The clinical and
      roentgenographic features suggested the correct diagnosis. Surgical correction of
      this previously unreported defect was accomplished by creating an atrial septal
      defect and constructing a baffle to direct the blood flow from the azygous vein
      to the left atrium.

PMID- 157861
TI  - [Reconstruction of the Ca2+-transport function of Ca2+-dependent ATPase in
      membrane preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum treated with hydrocarbons].

PMID- 157862
TI  - [Na+/K+-gradient as a factor stabilizing the energized state of a membrane].

PMID- 157863
TI  - [Contact acne: example of a civilization dermatosis. 2].

PMID- 157864
TI  - [Type-soldering finger].

PMID- 157865
TI  - [Contact eczema caused by isonicotinic acid hydrazide].
AB  - In the treatment of an ulcerous reaction to BCG vaccination with isonicotinic
      acid hydrazide cones, a 20 year old nurse developed a contact eczema within four
      weeks under the influence of this tuberculostatic.

PMID- 157866
TI  - [Decrease of earning capacity. Results of evaluation of proposals for the
      estimation of earning capacity decrease in occupational disease according to
      No.5101 of the Occupational Diseases Act].
AB  - The table elaborated for estimating the diminution of earning capacity has proved
      useful. A questionnaire programme revealed that classification of occupational
      dermatological disorders becomes a problem as soon as insurance-legal factors
      have to be considered.

PMID- 157867
TI  - [Actinic reticuloid in a florist].
AB  - Actinic Reticuloid in a Florist A 63 year old florist developed after primary
      sensibilisation against Chrysanthemum and other flowers and plants the typical
      clinical and histological features of an actinic reticuloid with considerably
      augmented sensitivity to UV A and UV B.

PMID- 157868
TI  - [Virus myocarditis].

PMID- 157869
TI  - [Contraception in androgenised women with a low-dose cyproterone-acetate
      containing one-phase preparation (author's transl)].
AB  - 101 hirsute women received Diane, a combination of 2 mg cyproterone acetate and
      50 micrograms ethinyl oestradiol per capsule, from the fifth to twenty-fifth day
      during a total of 1105 cycles. The treatment was satisfactory in 96% of women
      with acne, 84% with androgenic alopecia, 79% with seborrhoea, and 50% of those
      with mild or moderate hirsutism. The effectiveness of treating hirsutism or
      alopecia depended on its severity and duration. There was no correlation between
      various measures of androgen levels before and during treatment and the clinical
      results. Side effects were similar to those after contraceptive one-phase
      preparations, both in kind and incidence. None of the women became pregnant.
      Diane is thus the drug of choice in hormonal contraception of patients with acne,
      seborrhoea, androgenic alopecia or mild hirsutism. It is also suitable in the
      follow-up or interval management of high-dose cyproterone acetate treatment of
      severe hirsutism, in order to maintain the effect obtained with lower hormone
      doses.

PMID- 157870
TI  - Paget's disease of bone: assessment and management.

PMID- 157871
TI  - Participation of serotonin in thyrotropin release. II. Evidence for the action of
      serotonin on the phasic release of thyrotropin.
AB  - During a 12-h light 12-h dark schedule (lights off at 1900 h), male Sprague
      Dawley rats show a circadian rhythm of plasma TSH with a zenith near midday. The
      participation of serotonin (5HT) in the phasic release of TSH was studied using
      both pharmacological and surgical-stereotaxical approaches. Animals treated with
      parachlorophenylalanine methyl ester (pCPA), an inhibitor of 5HT synthesis (one
      or two injections of 250 mg/kg each) showed a reduction or a disappearance of the
      diurnal peak of TSH, respectively. Additional treatment by 5-hydroxytryptophan, a
      precursor of 5HT, completely, restored the diurnal TSH peak. Treatment with 5,6
      dihydroxytryptamine creatine sulfate, a neurotoxin which selectively destroys 5HT
      terminals, also induced alterations of the diurnal peak of TSH. There were no
      major modifications observed in the low nocturnal levels of TSH in rats treated
      with pCPA, 5-hydroxytryptophan, or 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. The major
      serotoninergic innervation of the hypothalamus originates from the raphe dorsalis
      or centralis; destruction of these two nuclei caused a quasiabolition of the
      diurnal TSH peak (only a low amplitude TSH circadian rhythm persisted).
      Hypothalamic 5HT content was measured in the majority of these experiments; the
      greatest depletions (near 90%) were observed after two injections of pCPA or in
      rats bearing raphe lesions. We conclude that the diurnal peak of TSH, observed
      during the physiological circadian rhythm, is serotoninergic dependent.

PMID- 157872
TI  - The effect of streptozotocin on the pancreatic A cell function.

PMID- 157873
TI  - A controlled study of prednisone therapy in infantile spasms.
AB  - A controlled study of 12 patients with infantile spasms was performed to
      determine the effectiveness of prednisone treatment. Patients were monitored
      serially, using a time-synchronized polygraphic and video system. Three patients
      (25%) showed prompt reduction in seizure frequency and normalization of the EEG
      after institution of treatment. The remaining patients showed no improvement in
      seizure frequency or significant change in the EEG.

PMID- 157874
TI  - An outbreak of eosinophilic bronchitis in horses possibly associated with
      Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection.
AB  - Eight mature horses which had been affected with a moist cough for six weeks were
      found to have large numbers of eosinophils in tracheal mucus samples taken by
      transtracheal washing. These horses were kept on irrigated pasture and fed a hay
      free diet. A companion yearling donkey was found to be passing Dictyocaulus
      arnfieldi larvae in its faeces. Two oral treatments with a dose of thiabendazole
      (440 mg/kg) resulted in the resolution of the clinical signs and the
      disappearance of eosinophils from transtracheal washings. The eosinophilic
      bronchitis seen in these horses was presumed to be a manifestation of prepatent D
      arnfieldi infestation.

PMID- 157875
TI  - Ionized and bound calcium inside isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal
      muscle and its significance in phosphorylation of adenosine triphosphatase by
      orthophosphate.
AB  - Calcium loading of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum performed passively by
      incubation with high calcium concentrations (0.5--15 mM) on ice gives calcium
      loads of 50--60 nmol/mg sarcoplasmic reticulum protein. This accumulated calcium
      is not released by EGTA [ethyleneglycol bis-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic
      acid], but almost completely released by ionophore X-537A plus EGTA or
      phospholipase A plus EGTA treatment and is therefore assumed to be inside the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum. This calcium is distributed in one saturable and one non
      saturable calcium compartment, as derived from the dependence of the calcium load
      on the calcium concentration in the medium. These compartments are assigned to
      bound and ionized calcium inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum, respectively.
      Maximum calcium binding under these conditions was 33 nmol/mg protein with an
      apparent half-saturation constant of 5,8 nmol/mg free calcium inside, or between
      1.2 and 0.6 mM free calcium inside, assuming an average vesicular water space of
      5 or 10 microliter/mg protein, respectively. Calcium-dependent phosphorylation of
      sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-transport ATPase from orthophosphate depends on
      the square of free calcium inside, whilst inhibition of phosphorylation depends
      on the square of free calcium in the medium. Calcium-dependent phosphorylation
      appears to be determined by the free calcium concentrations inside or outside
      allowing calcium binding to the ATPase according to the two classes of calcium
      binding constants for low affinity calcium binding or high affinity calcium
      binding, respectively. It is further suggested that the saturation of the low
      affinity calcium-binding sites of the ATPase facing the inside of the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane is responsible for the greater apparent
      orthophosphate and magnesium affinity in calcium-dependent phosphorylation than
      in calcium-independent phosphorylation from orthophosphate. Maximum calcium
      dependent phosphoprotein formation at 20 degrees C and pH 7.0 is about 4 nmol/mg
      sarcoplasmic reticulum protein.

PMID- 157876
TI  - Turnover rates of hexokinase I, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and creatine
      kinase in slow-twitch soleus muscle and heart of the rabbit.
AB  - Hexokinase I was purified from rabbit heart to a specific activity of 70 U/mg
      protein. The purified enzyme was electrophoretically homogeneous with an apparent
      molecular weight of 102,000. Purified immunoglobulins from sheep were used to
      titrate the percentage of hexokinase I in various tissues of the rabbit.
      Precipitating antibodies from sheep were also prepared against rabbit muscle MM
      creatine kinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. Apparent turnover rates
      of these phosphotransferases and of hexokinase I were determined in rabbit heart
      and soleus muscle by means of the immunoprecipitation technique after single
      pulse labelling with [U-14Cl]leucine in vivo. Apparent half-lives of
      phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and hexokinase I were 0.56 d, 0.73 d and
      0.93 d in rabbit heart. In slow-twitch soleus muscle half-lives of
      phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, hexokinase II and creatine kinase were 0.63
      d, 0.72 d, 0.85 d and 0.82 d. The similarity of the rate constants of degradation
      of these enzymes is interpreted as an indication that different tissue
      concentrations result primarily from different rates of synthesis.

PMID- 157877
TI  - In vivo exploration of the tensile strength of the abdominal wall after repair
      with different prosthetic materials. Experimental study in the rat.
AB  - The problem of parietal herniation seems to be a simple mechanical one for which
      there should be a safe method of repair. In the present study, the bursting
      strength of abdominal wounds was explored by mechanical investigation and the
      repair process evaluated at a cellular level by quantitative microscopy. Both
      methods of investigation show that mesh materials have advantages over nonporous
      cloth materials in the repair of large defects of the abdominal wall.

PMID- 157878
TI  - Fractionation and preliminary characterization of a low molecular weight bovine
      hepatic inhibitor of DNA synthesis in regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 157881
TI  - Appearance of growth-inhibiting activity (G1 chalone) during ontogenetic
      development of rat and chick epidermis in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - A comparative study was carried out between the stage of embryonic development of
      epidermis and its content of growth-inhibitory activity (G1 chalone). Injections
      of aqueous extracts from keratinized fetal rat or chick embryo epidermis led to a
      depression of DNA-synthesis in adult mouse epidermis, whereas extracts from
      undifferentiated epidermis did not contain such an activity.

PMID- 157880
TI  - Alterations of the nucleus ruber in 3-acetylpyridine intoxication. A light and
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) given in one single dose near to LD50 causes hydropic
      vacuolic degeneration and cellular necrosis of varying degree and extension in
      the red nucleus of white rats in more than 50 percent of the cases. Less
      frequently similar alterations have been observed in some neighbouring nuclei of
      the mesencephalon. The regressive damage is remarkably rare if a smaller dose of
      3-AP is given and none if the animal is pretreated with nicotine amide.
      Ultrastructurally the damage of mitochondria is dominant, they might be
      transformed to cystic lamellar figures. One reason of the enhanced vulnerability
      to antimetabolite is the outstanding enzyme activity of the red nucleus. In some
      of the intoxicated animals the six oxidative enzymes tested histochemically show
      different type of alterations which probably are related to the regressive
      damage.

PMID- 157879
TI  - Effects of paraplegia produced by intrathecal 6-aminonicotinamide on motor units
      in the rat.

PMID- 157882
TI  - Glomerular filtration rate and kidney blood flow in alloxan and streptozotocin
      diabetic rats.
AB  - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), cardiac output, regional blood flow and kidney
      weight were measured in alloxan and streptozotocin diabetic rats at different
      times after the administration of diabetogen. A high GFR was found together with
      increased kidney weight and reduced blood flow.

PMID- 157883
TI  - [Decurarization using the cation-anion molecular interaction of a myorelaxant and
      its antagonist].
AB  - In experiments on the cat neuromuscular preparation the authors investigated the
      anticurare action of the new compound IEM-931 having sulphonate-anionic groups 20
      A apart. The new compound administered in a dose of 184 mkM/kg prevents and
      removes the curare effect of rythetronium which is its structural analogue.
      Regarding tubocurarine the antagonism is displayed, however, only from the dose
      of 384 mkM/kg. This indicates that efficacy of the anticurare action of IEM-931
      is directly related to complimentarity of the interacting molecule structure. The
      experiment with regional relaxation of the cat muscles shows that the anticurare
      action of IEM-931 is realized both in the blood and on the cholinoreceptor.
      Moreover, as a result of molecular interaction the inactive complex is formed.

PMID- 157884
TI  - [Experimental study of the action of Bunium persicum oil on the functional state
      of the liver and pancreas].
AB  - The effect of Bunium Persicum oil on the indices of lipid-lipoid and protein
      nitrogen metabolism and of the enzymes (histidase, arginase, transamidinase,
      trypsin and trypsin inhibitor) reflecting the function of the liver and pancreas
      was studied in experiments on white rats. There was an improvement of the indices
      of protein nitrogen metabolism in administration of the oil alone and combined
      with ethanol and CCl4. At the same time the content of total lipids and
      cholesterol in the blood serum and in the liver increased. The activity of the
      enzymes of the blood serum, liver homogenates and the pancreas reflected organ
      specificity and changed simultaneously with alterations in the general trend of
      the metabolism.

PMID- 157885
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a coupling factor I ATPase of the thermophilic
      blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Mastigocladus laminosus.

PMID- 157886
TI  - Lack of evidence for covalently-bound carbohydrates in energy-transducing ATPases
      from mitochondria, bacteria, and chloroplasts.

PMID- 157887
TI  - Purification of an N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive ATPase from
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 157888
TI  - How to minimize those first-appointment anxieties.

PMID- 157889
TI  - The sensitizing capacity of Compositae plants. III. Test results and cross
      reactions in Compositae-sensitive patients.
AB  - 25 patients known or suspected to be allergic to different Compositae plants were
      tested epicutaneously with ether extracts of different Compositae species. 14
      persons revealed a chrysanthemum hypersensitivity, 2 were allergic to arnica and
      2 to camomile. In 1 patient a positive reaction to tansy was obtained. In the
      case of the chrysanthemum allergy, this was induced occupationally. All other
      patients had sensitized themselves by non-occupational contact. Cross-reactions
      were seen to tansy [14], yarrow [11], camomile [10], arnica and sunflower [5].
      The components which are responsible for the sensitization as well as for the
      crossreactions are sesquiterpene lactones.

PMID- 157890
TI  - Two cases of penicillamine-induced pemphigus erythematosus.
AB  - 2 women, 62 and 69 years old, both suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, were
      treated for 1 and 1 1/2 years, respectively, with penicillamine. Both developed a
      bullous eruption which according to clinical and histological picture,
      immunofluorescence studies and to light provocation, as well as in 1 case to
      antinuclear antibody findings corresponded to pemphigus erythematosus. In spite
      of treatment with prednisone and azathioprine, they still keep developing bullae.

PMID- 157891
TI  - Neutrophil functions in acne conglobata.
AB  - Chemotaxis, random migration, phagocytosis, spontaneous and stimulated NBT
      reduction were evaluated in neutrophils from the peripheral blood of 8 patients
      with acne conglobata and were found to be normal. Only 2 patients had an
      increased spontaneous NBT reduction, and another exhibited a defect in neutrophil
      adhesiveness. On this basis, intrinsic defects of the major neutrophil functions,
      as evaluated in vitro, can be excluded in acne conglobata.

PMID- 157892
TI  - Epidermodysplasia verruciformis in Nigerians.
AB  - An analysis of the clinical and pathologic characteristics of 12 Nigerian
      patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is presented. Two
      morphological variants have been observed, typical wart-like flat-topped papules
      and larger confluent plaques. Seborrhoeic keratoses were observed in patients
      with the second morphological variety of EV. Solar elastosis was found in
      biopsies taken from EV lesions in this subgroup of patients. A particular rarity
      of seborrhoeic keratosis in Africans is emphasized as no single African case of
      seborrhoeic keratosis was found apart from patients with EV. No malignant
      epithelial skin tumours were found in the whole group. Factors underlying an
      apparently more benign course of EV in Africans are discussed, and the literature
      on EV in African is reviewed.

PMID- 157893
TI  - Percutaneous absorption of clioquinol (Vioform).
AB  - The percutaneous absorption of clioquinol from three different preparations for
      skin treatment (Vioform cream, Locacorten-Vioform cream and Vioform
      Hydrocortisone cream) was evaluated. After topical dosages corresponding to 30 mg
      clioquinol, concentrations in the blood were below the detection limit of the
      analytical procedure, i.e., smaller than 0.02 micrograms/ml; therefore the
      percutaneous absorption was evaluated by measuring cumulative urinary excretion
      of clioquinol and was compared to that found after an equivalent oral dose. The
      study was carried out in 4 healthy volunteers. The topical preparations were
      applied under occlusive dressings. Following epicutaneous application of the
      three topicals in quantities containing 30 mg clioquinol each, the urinary
      excretion of the drug was between 1.2 and 3.6% of the applied dose. When the same
      dose of clioquinol was administered orally to two volunteers, 52.4 and 92.9% of
      the dose was excreted in the urine. Taking the urinary elimination as the minimal
      amount of drug absorbed, the extent of percutaneous absorption from the three
      dermatological preparations amounted to 1.2-3.6% of the applied dose. There was
      no difference in the pattern of urinary excretion products among the three
      topicals and the oral formulation. The bulk of clioquinol was excreted as
      glucuronide (mean: 96 +/- 3%) and only a small fraction was excreted as sulfate
      (mean: 3.8 +/- 3%). A small amount of free clioquinol (1.1%) was measured in 1
      subject only after the oral dose.

PMID- 157894
TI  - [Localized mucinous elastotic degeneration of the dermis after prednisone and
      azathioprine (author's transl)].

PMID- 157895
TI  - Phylogeny of lymphocyte heterogeneity. III. Mitogenic responses of reptilian
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 157896
TI  - Polymorphism and specificity of myosin.

PMID- 157897
TI  - The regulation of contractile activity in muscle.

PMID- 157898
TI  - Activities of some enzymes of energy metabolism in the fast and slow muscles of
      an antarctic teleost fish (Notothenia rossii) [proceedings].

PMID- 157900
TI  - Investigation of the structure of stellacyanin by 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance
      spectroscopy [proceedings].

PMID- 157899
TI  - The N-terminal amino acid sequence of sheep heart phosphofructokinase
      [proceedings].

PMID- 157901
TI  - Some characteristics of sarcoplasmic reticulum in fast- and slow-twitch muscles.

PMID- 157902
TI  - Calcium-transporting and other functional membranes in microsomal preparations of
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 157903
TI  - [The endocardial ventricular activation map in a case of intermittent BBS in
      phase III (author's transl)].
AB  - To obtain information on endocardial activation-sequence, unipolar recordings at
      seven left ventricular and six right ventricular points were performed in a 37
      year-old man suffering from cardiomyopathy and tachycardia-dependent left bundle
      branch block (LBBB). Results were as follows: 1) the recovery time was longer in
      anterior than in posterior portion of left bundle branch fibers; 2) an high
      posterior left ventricular point was directly activated via posterior left bundle
      branch fibers; 3) the directly activated left ventricular zone was too small and
      relatively too late excited in respect of the right interventricular septum, from
      which the stimulus reached the left septum, to mask the LBBB electrocardiographic
      pattern; 4) in the presence of tachycardia-dependent LBBB the duration of left
      ventricular endocardial activation was about twice (62 msec) that found in the
      absence of tachycardia-dependent LBBB (28 msec).

PMID- 157905
TI  - [Lesion of the aorta abdominalis in gynecologic laparoscopy (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases with lesions of abdominal aorta during gynecological laparoscopy are
      described. One case was fatal. The second patient could be saved from death. The
      misadventures occurred in diagnostic respectively operative laparoscopy.

PMID- 157904
TI  - [The intra-operative proof of occlusion of the tubes in tubal sterilizations
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In tubal sterilization operations with a plastic clip failures with subsequent
      pregnancies become only known by misplacement of the clips. Failures are more
      frequent when the clips are placed through a posterior colpotomy. In 163
      laparoscopic tubal sterilization with the Tuplar-clip during the last 2 1/2 years
      no subsequent pregnancy was observed. The carbon-dioxide pertubation or the
      chromo-pertubation after occlusion of the tubes with a clip permits an immediate
      intra-operative proof of secure bilateral tubal occlusion. A pregnancy due to
      faulty placement of the clip is then no longer possible. Other advantages of this
      method of tubal sterilization are mentioned.

PMID- 157907
TI  - [Inheritance of human fingerprints].
AB  - Polygenic threshold model of finger dermatoglyphics inheritance is worked out on
      the basis of family and population data. According to the model, ulnar loops are
      subthreshold patterns, which transforms into whorl or arch under the control of
      SU and SR gene complexes. Epistasis-hypostasis interactions take place between
      genes of SU and SR complexes. Classification of phenotypes for finger
      dermatoglyphics is offered and the frequency of these phenotypes in three
      populational samples of Kiev is studied.

PMID- 157906
TI  - [Hybrid plasmid pSD1 containing the immunity region of bacteriophage lambda].
AB  - Hybrid plasmid pSD1 carrying the immunity region of the coliphage lambda and bio
      operon have been obtained by means of studying the efficiency of transcription
      DNA fragments in the plasmid RSF2124. The molecular weight of this plasmid is
      17.2 Md. The growth inhibition of phage lambdavir has been observed in cells
      carrying the new hybrid plasma. The properties of the plasmid pSD1 and probable
      reasons of the growth inhibition of phage lambdavir are discussed. The hybrid
      plasmid pSD2 carrying genes R, A and J of phage lambda has been constructed on
      the basis of the plasmid RSF2124. There are cohesive ends in this plasmid which
      make possible its packing in the phage lambda head. Hybrid plasmid pSD3 carrying
      genes P and Q of phage lambda has also been constructed.

PMID- 157908
TI  - [Transposition of the deo operon structural genes in Escherichia coli K-12 to
      plasmid RP4 using bacteriophage mu].
AB  - Transposition of the structural genes of the deo operon of Escherichia coli K-12
      into plasmid RP4 by means of temperate bacteriophage Mu was carried out. Some
      variants of composite RP4-deo-Mu plasmids were obtained and the expression of the
      deo genes integrated into the RP4 plasmid genome was studied. It was shown that
      the expression of these genes remains under the control of the chromosomal
      regulatory genes (deoR and cytR); although the activity of thymidine
      phosphorilase in the strain E. coli which contains hybrid plasmid is 4-6 fold
      greater than that in strains of E. coli with chromosomal localization of the deo
      operon.

PMID- 157909
TI  - [Population genetics of the population of the European north of the RSFSR. IV.
      The level of blood relationship in 5 villages of Pinega District, Archangel
      Province].
AB  - Computer program "RODAN-1" is used for inbreeding coefficient estimation. The
      population studied consists of two communities of 5 villages. 385 marriages were
      computed. The coefficient of inbreeding is 0.00145 for pedigree for rural Russian
      population (the Arkhangelsk region). The inverse dependence between a village
      size and corresponding data of inbreeding coefficient is suggested. An attempt
      was undertaken to estimate the genealogical information value for each pedigree
      and average information value for a village.

PMID- 157910
TI  - Construction and analysis of recombinant lambda phages containing mitochondrial
      DNA fragments.
AB  - Rat mtDNA has a molecular length of about 16 kilobase (kb) pairs and is cleaved
      into seven fragments by restriction endonuclease EcoRI. These fragments were
      cloned in Escherichia coli K-12 host using lambda gtWES.lambda B' (lambda
      gtWES.lambda B, for short, in this paper) as a vector. Recombinant DNAs
      containing one or a few fragments of the mtDNA were transfected to CaCl2-treated
      E. coli, and the plaques containing specific recombinant phages were selected.
      DNA amplified in the recombinanat phage lambda gt.mt was shown to contain the
      same restriction endonuclease cleavage sites as those found in the mtDNA. Present
      results permitted the DNA sequencing of any portion of the mitochondrial genome.

PMID- 157911
TI  - Inceptor and origin of DNA replication in lambdoid coliphages. I. The lambda DNA
      minimal replication system.
AB  - In a pBR313-lambda dv hybrid plasmid system, stepwise deletion and serial cloning
      procedures have led to a functional dissection of the DNA replication region of
      lambdoid bacteriophages lambda, 434 and 21. A simple system for initiation of DNA
      replication has been detected within lambdoid replicator DNAs, which is active in
      the absence of several normal replication elements, including the origin of
      replication (ori) and product of gene O. This "minimal" (or "mini") initiation
      system depends on the p0 or substitute leftward promoter in conjunction with the
      newly discovered "inceptor" (ice) element, which is located within the cII gene.
      Even the fragments containing ori are unable to initiate replication in these
      hybrid plasmids as long as fragments containing ice are missing. The base
      sequence of ice resembles transcriptional terminators and it appears to control
      both termination of primer RNA and inception of daughter strand DNA synthesis.
      Initiation in the p0-ice mini system of lambda or 21 phages requires the gene P
      product. Hwever, mini replication of 434 DNA hybrid plasmids required neither O
      nor P proteins, although there are only two single-base changes in the 434
      inceptor sequence. The mini system is repressed by the elements of the maximal
      lambda replication system, as described in the accompanying publication.

PMID- 157912
TI  - Inceptor and origin of DNA replication in lambdoid coliphages. II. The lambda DNA
      maximal replication system.
AB  - In pBR313-lambda dv hydrid plasmids a second system for initiation of DNA
      replication has been detected in lambdoid replicator DNAs (in the absence of the
      p0 promoter). The "maximal" (or "maxi") initiation system depends on the origin
      of replication (ori) sequence, in conjuction with the "inceptor" (ice) element
      located in the lambdoid cII genes. Only leftward, but not bidirectional, primer
      RNA synthesis seems to be initiated at ori in its newly defined boundaries, and
      it appears to be catalysed by dnaG-coded primase. Only if transcriptionally
      activated, will ori effectively initiate lambda specific, O and P-dependent
      "maximal" hybrid-plasmid replication. In addition, it will repress a complete
      lambda "minimal" initiation system in cis, i.e., if present on the same plasmid
      molecule. This newly discovered repressive activity of the ori system depends on
      only three factors: an intact left section of ori, the O product, and
      transcriptional activation of ori (rightward or leftward). A repressed minimal
      initiation system will regain its activity as soon as a segment carrying either
      part of the O gene or a promoter for transcriptional activation is delected from
      such a plasmid which was combining both the "mini" and "maxi" systems of lambda
      replication.

PMID- 157913
TI  - [Ultrastructural features of the skin following exposure to industrial
      lubricants].

PMID- 157914
TI  - Atypical leukodystrophy with accumulations of sulfatide and mucopolysaccharide.
AB  - 1. Follow-up studies of two siblings with mental retardation, progressive
      paraplegia and dementia were reported. 2. The brain and visceral organs of a
      patient (elder brother) who died recently were investigated histopathologically,
      electronmicroscopically and neurochemically. a. Moderate, diffuse demyelination
      occurred throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. b. Two
      abnormal materials were deposited in the white matter: one showed metachromasia
      containing sulfatide and another had staining characteristics of acid
      mucopolysaccharide histochemically. Electronmicroscopically, the former was a
      conglomerate of electron-dense materials of various degrees and the latter had a
      membrane-limited granular structure. The myocardium contained the same
      mucopolysaccharide material as that in the brain. c. Slight increase of sulfatide
      was found in the cerebral white matter. Arylsulfatase A activities were preserved
      in the brain as well as in the liver. Contents of hexosamine and uronic acid in
      the white matter were about three or five times as much as that of the controls.
      Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane showed that acid glucopeptide was
      the main component of the mucopolysaccharide extracted from the brain.

PMID- 157915
TI  - [Predictive diagnostic value of renal blood flow measurement in renovascular
      hypertension (author's transl)].
AB  - To improve diagnostic procedures and preoperative prognosis in hypertensive
      patients with angiographically proven renal artery stenosis pre- and
      postoperative studies of renal hemodynamics (133xenon washout technique) were
      carried out in patients with normalized, improved and unchanged hypertensive
      blood pressure values following renovascular surgery. The results demonstrate
      that renal blood flow in both the operated and non-stenosed kidneys has to be in
      a normal range expecting a normalization of blood pressure. The existence of a
      preoperative normal cortical flow rate in the stenosed kidney may be a hint to a
      normalization of hemodynamic of the involved kidney following reconstructive
      surgery.

PMID- 157916
TI  - [Comments on "Epidural Double Catheter Venography in Intervertebral Disk
      Prolapse; an Unknown Vein in the Vertebral Canal" by G. C. H. Meijenhorst, Rofo
      129, No. 5 (1978), pp. 581--587].

PMID- 157917
TI  - [Final word on "Epidural Double Catheter Venography in Intervertebral Disk
      Prolapse; an Unknown Vein in the Vertebral Canal"].

PMID- 157918
TI  - [Treatment of traumatic bleeding from an internal mammary artery by
      embolization].

PMID- 157919
TI  - [Varicosis renalis, a rare differential diagnosis of filling defects in the
      kidney pelvis].

PMID- 157920
TI  - [Sonographic differential diagnosis of gallbladder concretions].

PMID- 157921
TI  - [Ossification of Cooper's pectineal ligament].

PMID- 157922
TI  - [Unusual calcified hematoma].

PMID- 157923
TI  - [Anlage-determined hypoplasia of a radix arcus vertebrae in the lumbar spine].

PMID- 157924
TI  - [Recommendations for the use of mammography in the early detection of breast
      cancer].

PMID- 157925
TI  - [Long-term follow-up after spontaneous contrast extravasation during infusion
      urograms (author's transl)].
AB  - In 1978 we described 18 patients with acute spontaneous rupture of a pelvi
      calycine system; these have now been followed up with the exception of four
      patients. The aim was to determine whether, and how frequently, long-term
      complications occur, such as chronic persistent rupture and particularly whether
      local retroperitoneal fibrosis develops. The clinical history, infusion urograms
      and cinematography provided no evidence of any abnormalities except in one case.
      In this patient changes interpreted as retroperitoneal fibrosis were found, but
      this was the only patient in whom surgery had been performed. It is thought that
      the operation played a significant part in the development of this complication.
      Our observations confirm that infusion urograms in acute urinary tract
      obstruction are an acceptable method of investigation and that extravasation
      should be treated conservatively. The exception to this rule is the presence of
      preexisting infection of the urinary tract.

PMID- 157926
TI  - [The treatment of idiopathic varicocoeles by transfemoral spiral occlusion of the
      left testicular vein (author's transl)].
AB  - The standard surgical procedures for the treatment of idiopathic varicocoeles are
      unsuccessful in, or show a recurrence rate of, up to 25%. An alternative method
      is transcutaneous embolisation using the Seldinger catheter technique. For this
      technique of transcutaneous catheter embolization, we have used the Gianturco
      spiral. The embolization is carried out following diagnostic transfemoral
      phlebography of the left testicular vein, which also provides the indications or
      contra-indications for this procedure. The method has been used on nineteen
      patients with varicocoeles requiring treatment; amonst these were three patients
      who had had unsuccessful operations. Follow-up period so far is six months. In
      all cases the varicocoele had disappeared, including one patient who had suffered
      complications following previous surgery.

PMID- 157927
TI  - [Grey-scale ultrasound in the diagnosis of cystic lesions of the kidney
      (comparison with excretory urography) (author's transl)].
AB  - In a total of 155 cystic renal lesions diagnozed by means of ultrasound the
      correct differentiation of cystic or solid consistency could be determined in
      96.8% of cases. The sonographic result was inaccurate or false in only 2.6%.
      Sonography also determined the correct morphological and anatomical type of the
      liquid space-occupying formation in 89%. Pathological cavities of the renal
      pelvis as well as hydronephroses were the cause of incorrect diagnoses. 36.6% of
      solitary renal cysts revealed by ultrasound (average diameter of cyst: 3.9 cm),
      could not be detected by pyelography; radiology most frequently failed to
      determine cortical renal cysts. Sensitivity and specificity of nephrosonography
      for detection of cystic malformation of the kidney were distinctly better than
      pyelography. Out of a total of 34 patients with hereditary polycystic renal
      disease (HRPD) sonography diagnozed multiple cysts of the liver in 15 cases
      (44%). The use of ultrasound in examining relatives of patients with HPRD enables
      an earlier diagnosis of the chronic progressive disease.

PMID- 157928
TI  - [Sonographic findings in blunt renal trauma (author's transl)].
AB  - The kidneys are beautiful organs for ultrasonography, because of their position,
      well defined characteristic appearance and excellent acoustic qualities. This is
      highly important for assessing all pathologies leading to macromorphological
      changes of the kidneys including these in blunt renal trauma. We could'nt find
      any paper on this topic in the recent literature available for us. Our own
      material in renal blunt trauma includes 17 patients. There were no pathological
      findings in 7, and pathological findings in 10 of them. Sonographic accuracy in
      severe trauma of the kidney is about 100%, excluding hydronephrotic kidneys,
      which cannot always be distinguished from a bigger parapelvic cyst. Urogramm
      resp. Uronephrotomogramm should be performed and studied thoroughly. Exceptions
      are Iodine allergy and pregnancy.

PMID- 157929
TI  - [The value of the excretion urogram following cerebral angiography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Routine abdominal films were obtained after 100 carotid angiograms in order to
      see the excretion urogram. In 64 patients the contrast was adequate for
      diagnosis. In twelve of these a significant finding was observed. This simple
      additional examination was particularly valuable in searching for a primary
      tumour when the angiogram had demonstrated cerebral metastases.

PMID- 157930
TI  - Barium enema in pediatric intussusception; a review of 108 cases.
AB  - A material of 108 patients with 125 intussusceptions was evaluated
      retrospectively. Barium enema is recommended as an excellent diagnostic tool.
      Reduction should be tried in all cases except those with signs of peritonitis,
      because the enema causes fewer complications and leads to a considerably
      decreased hospital stay.

PMID- 157931
TI  - [Double colon--a rare case of intestinal duplication (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of duplication of the entire colon, in which the supernumerary colon had
      no communication with the small intestine, is presented and illustrated. After
      review of the literature the special clinical and radiologic problems of these
      intestinal duplications are discussed.

PMID- 157932
TI  - [Retropneumoperitoneum and pneumomediastinum following proctoscopy (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A 66-year-old patient developed a retropneumoperitoneum and pneumomediastinum
      after a proctoscopy. Following the examination, which was done as an out patient,
      he had some pain but was able to reach home without difficulty. Radiography of
      the abdomen on the next day showed definite gas collection round the right kidney
      and below the middle of the diaphragm. The mediastinum showed some translucencies
      consistent with cranial spread of air from the retropneumoperitoneum; it was
      particularly marked round the aorta. The film also showed supraclavicular
      emphysema. After being placed supine the patient's symptoms rapidly disappeared.
      There were no complications and no treatment was necessary. The case is discussed
      in relation to the relevant literature.

PMID- 157933
TI  - [Arthrosis of the distal radio-ulnar joint in workers using motorised saws
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Vibration-induced changes in the distal radio-ulnar joint were analysed by
      comparing workers using motorised saws (978 cases) and a control group. The
      following are the essential findings: 1. Exposure to vibration causes
      characteristic changes in the distal radio-ulnar joint, particularly on the left,
      consisting of osteophytosis, deformity and cystic rarefaction. 2. The frequency
      of the arthrosis is related in a statistically significant manner to a) length of
      exposure, b) age. 3. The subjective complaints of numbness, weakness and pain
      can, to some extent, be related to the radio-ulnar arthrosis. 4. Vibration is not
      the only factor in the genesis of the degenerative process of the distal radio
      ulnar joint; ordinary use and stress can cause similar changes, although to a
      much less marked extent. The aetiological role of local vibration as a factor in
      causing the arthrosis has been confirmed.

PMID- 157934
TI  - [Lymphangiomatosis of bone in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - Lymphangiomatosis of bone is a very rare congenital malformation of lymph
      vessels. So far 60 patients have been described with this disease (43 children,
      17 adults). Radiologically the lymphangiomatous skeletal changes usually consist
      of circumscribed areas of uni- or multi-focal osteolysis. They may remain
      asymptomatic for years; in a few cases intrathoracic chylous effusions or
      pathological fractures have occurred. The protean radiological appearances of
      bone lymphangiomatosis are illustrated by four children. The differential
      diagnosis is discussed in detail.

PMID- 157935
TI  - [Extensive, diffuse haemangiomatosis of the skeleton (author's transl)].
AB  - The roentgenological appearance and the clinical course of a case of diffuse
      skeletal haemangiomatosis are described. Megavoltage radiotherapy was given to
      several areas involved, including parts of the vertebral column; the treatment
      led to an improvement of bone pain and of neurological symptoms caused by cord
      compression. The differential diagnosis and the suggestion of Karlin and Brower
      (1977) to make a distinction between "multiple primary hemangiomas" and "diffuse
      cystic angiomatosis" of bone are discussed.

PMID- 157936
TI  - [Osteogenesis imperfecta cystica (Fairbank)--a special form of osteogenesis
      imperfecta congenita (Vrolik) (author's transl)].
AB  - Two patients, aged 13 and 19 years, with osteogenesis imperfecta congenita
      (Vrolik) have been seen at the rehabilitation centre at Neckargemund. The younger
      patient showed the typical appearances of osteogenesis imperfecta cystica
      (Fairbank), while the older patient failed to show these changes in the skeleton.
      Contrary to the frequently expressed view that patients with osteogenesis
      imperfecta congenita always die in the perinatal period, they may survive for a
      considerable length of time. The change of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita
      (Vrolik) into osteogensis imperfecta cystica (Fairbank) has been described as a
      sequence in the occasional survivors by Spranger, but is not a necessary
      condition for survival. Osteogenesis imperfecta cystica should be regarded as an
      extremely rare special type of Vrolik's disease.

PMID- 157937
TI  - [Image quality in medium format film technique (fluorography) (author's transl)].
AB  - The paper deals with image quality of films using a medium format type film and
      fluorography. Contrast transmission function is achieved by special calcium
      tungstate screens. In practice, image quality equals that of full size films with
      universal screens. By increasing lens size it is possible to reduce the necessary
      x-ray dose without losing image quality.

PMID- 157938
TI  - [Evaluation of the somatic radiation risks and the recommendations in the IRCP
      publication no. 26 (1977) (author's transl)].
AB  - Scientific knowledge regarding somatic radiation risks has greatly increased in
      recent years as a result of a series of epidemiological studies. IRCP publication
      no. 26 concerns largely to a collection of data published in a report of the
      United Nations in 1977. For weakly ionising radiation, both publications
      introduce a risk factor representing the risk per rem for small doses. As a
      result, they introduced a reduction factor for the risks from ionising radiation
      at small doses. An analysis of the data of the most common radiation induced
      cancers has shown that their estimates are not on the side of safety. It is
      concluded that the doses regarded as acceptable by the IRCP are too high for
      persons exposed to radiation in the course of their profession.

PMID- 157939
TI  - [Considerations regarding the differential diagnosis during the angiography of
      non-functioning kidneys (author's transl)].
AB  - Utilizing selective renal arteriograms and phlebograms in 7 patients, the
      differential diagnostic difficulties in separating poorly vascularized tumors
      from inflammatory lesions are discussed. Retrograde studies either offered no
      help, or could technically not be accomplished; arteriography proved equivocal in
      most cases. However, renal phlebography was found to be quite helpful, in that a
      non-visualized or reduced opacification of the intrarenal venous system, along
      with irregular extrinsic venous impressions, spoke more for a malignant tumor.
      When the contrast was able to fill the veins out to the periphery, a tumor could
      with great certainty be ruled out. Severe inflammatory conditions, while
      demonstrating a generalized reduction in the opacification of the venous system,
      did not show the bizarre venous wall irregularities seen with tumors.
      Retroperitoneal fibrosis and its special diagnostic difficulties are discussed.

PMID- 157940
TI  - [Spinal irritation after myelography with Amipaque in patients with
      kyphoscoliosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Two patients with severe kyphoscoliosis developed marked spinal irritation
      following myelography with the new non-ionising contrast medium Amipaque. The
      authors raise the possibility that the spinal deformity may result in reduced
      flow of cerebro-spinal fluid; this may prolong the contact of the contrast medium
      with the (previously damaged?) spinal cord. Patients with this type of spinal
      deformity require particularly stringent indications for the performance of
      myelography, even when using Amipaque.

PMID- 157941
TI  - Postirradiation changes on the lymphatics studied by lymphography.
AB  - Repeat lymphography was done in 33 patients following radiotherapy between 8--73
      months. Absorbed dose delivered by 60Co-teletherapy ranged between 30--45 Gy-s in
      subdiaphragmatic and 30,6--56 Gy-s in mediastinal region. The main sequel of
      radiation was decrease in nodal size (66,6%), lumen narrowing of lymphatic
      vessels (51,5%); number of lymph nodes and lymph vessels diminished rarely (6%).
      Blocking of lymph circulation never developed. Dilatation of thoracic duct with
      accelerated contrast flow rate was thought to be arteficial due to decreased
      pooling capacity of decreased nodal size. Radiation induced changes develop
      within 12 months and do not progress further on. It is concluded that changes are
      mainly affected by the level of absorbed dose.

PMID- 157942
TI  - [Comment on the publication of "Discoid Meniscus" by H.-J. Thiel and M. Schmidt,
      Fortschr. Rontgenstr. 129, No. 3 (1978), pp. 346--349].

PMID- 157943
TI  - [Final word on the comment by H. Roick].

PMID- 157944
TI  - [Critical comment on the paper, "Double Contours and Companion Shadows in the
      Skull in Anemic Diseases", by F. Reimann and E. Celik, Rofo 129, No. 6 (1978), p.
      762].

PMID- 157945
TI  - [Final word on the paper, "Double Contours and Companion Shadows in the Skull in
      Anemic Diseases"].

PMID- 157946
TI  - [Radiologic investigations following abdomino-perineal resection of the rectum
      (author's transl)].
AB  - After abdominoperineal resection of the rectum specific alterations due to
      operation and disease can be distinguished. In over eighty percent the ureters
      and the urinary bladder are concerned. The topography of the small-intestine in
      the sacral cavity reveals alterations of the pelvic floor which generally are
      local recurrences of carcinoma. In both examinations special importance has to be
      laid on a lateral view of the pelvis. Indications and results of supplementary
      examinations are discussed. Computed tomography will deliver additional
      informations for the diagnosis of recurrent carcinoma; the value of CT is checked
      at the moment. Considering the amount and importance of treatable illness
      following resection of the rectum a standardized program for examination seems
      inevitable. Our experience with over 400 cases is, that this program can reveal
      important informations for postoperative care which up to now has often been
      underestimated, even from a radiologic point of view.

PMID- 157947
TI  - [Computer tomographic findings after resection of the rectum (author's transl)].
AB  - Computed tomography findings in the pelvis after resection of the rectum,
      obtained from 48 patients primarily suspected of recurrent carcinoma, are
      represented. Compared with conventional radiographic methods CT demonstrates
      directly in most cases the presence of a pelvic mass, its extension and
      relationship to adjacent soft tissue. In some cases this is advantageous for
      further diagnostic procedures, but also for treatment and further check-up. False
      conclusions are discussed. The distinction between recurrent carcinoma and
      retroperitoneal fibrosis in the pelvis, frequently enhanced by retarded healing
      of the sacral cavity, remains a problem. Progress in the early diagnosis of
      recurrence of pelvic mass could be made by regular CT check-up during the first
      two years after resection of the rectum, to increase the value of palliative
      radiotherapy treatment indicated in any case. As CT, however, is expensive and
      not always available, this demand cannot be met and the value of conventional
      radiographic methods remains at present unquestioned.

PMID- 157948
TI  - [Angiographic features of liver echinococcosis (author's transl)].
AB  - From 1973 to 1978 13 cases of cystic hydatid disease and 15 cases of alveolar
      hydatid disease of the liver were diagnosed by angiography. The main diagnostic
      features of cystic hydatid disease of the liver are the following: "rim-sign",
      avascular areas, curved displacement of the arteries and stretching of the
      intrahepatic arteries. Multilocular hydatid disease of the liver shows tumor-like
      angiographic signs, such as atypical vascular formations, distensions, vascular
      irregularities, arterial stenoses as well as hepatosplenomegaly. Differential
      diagnosis in malignant liver diseases is often impossible, but early venous
      filling and arteriovenous shunts are not characteristic of multilocular hydatid
      disease of the liver. Particularly difficult is the interpretation in patients
      who have had previous surgery.

PMID- 157949
TI  - [Improved radiological diagnosis in the stomach by means of an improved contrast
      material (author's transl)].
AB  - Our experience with a cheap contrast medium, which we prepare ourselves, is
      described, stretching over a period of 18 months. It is based on the bubbly
      barium first described by Op den Orth and is made by means of carbon dioxide in a
      soda water syphon. It is better for detailed contrast examination of the stomach
      than the commercially available contrast media. It is thought that this is due to
      optimal viscosity for wetting of the mucosa, optimal size of the barium sulphate
      particles, which are larger than one micron, and greater distension of the
      stomach due to greater quantities of CO2. The use of bubbly barium for routine
      examination of the stomach, using double contrast and hypotonia with graded
      compression, almost always results in demonstration of the areae gastricae in
      large parts of the stomach. We regard this as a sign of a good examination, since
      we are then able to demonstrate small lesions such as complete or incomplete
      erosions, ulcer scars or flat ulcers.

PMID- 157950
TI  - [Crohn's disease of the colon (author's transl)].
AB  - Despite the availability of endoscopy, radiological examination remains an
      essential method in the investigation of Crohn's disease. Various authors agree
      that it has an accuracy of 75% (1, 8, 14, 20). In our experience accuracy is
      somewhere between 70 and 85%. These figures depend on the fact that in about 16%
      histology is also unable to make a definite diagnosis. Crohn's disease of the
      large bowel is of significance since it is often misinterpreted as ulcerative
      colitis, because in 10% of cases there is no involvement of the terminal ileum.
      The final diagnosis depends on the summation of the individual features whose
      individual significance must be considered. Malignant involvement of the
      peritoneum, which has not been extensively described in the radiological
      literature, may result in changes in the wall of the colon and lead to an
      appearance resembling Crohn's disease, with consequent errors in diagnosis.

PMID- 157951
TI  - [Computer tomographic diagnosis of pericardial effusions (author's transl)].
AB  - Thirty patients with suspected pericardial effusions, or with cardiac enlargement
      of unknown cause were examined by computer tomography. In 19 cases a diagnosis of
      pericardial effusion or haematoma was made. All these cases were confirmed by
      echo cardiography or transthoracic puncture. The accuracy of computer tomography
      diagnosis did not depend on the aetiology, but could be increased by contrast
      enhancement. The computer tomographic criteria are enumerated and compared with
      those of echo cardiography. Examples of the most important differential diagnoses
      are discussed.

PMID- 157952
TI  - [The technique and results of spermatic vein phlebography in 136 men with primary
      sterility (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of selective phlebography of the spermatic vein in patients with
      primary sterility and suspected varicoceles are reported. In 60% of those
      examined there was left-sided, and in 8.8% right-sided, spermatic vein
      insufficiency or a varicocoele. The value of spermatic vein phlebography is borne
      out by the large number of anomalies of the venous system (67%) and by the
      finding of 82 left-sided varicoceles.

PMID- 157953
TI  - Balloon occlusion technique for renal venography.
AB  - A method for retrograde renal venography resulting in an even distribution of
      contrast medium within the intrarenal venous system is described. This technique
      utilizes a balloon catheter for partial occlusion of the renal artery.

PMID- 157954
TI  - [The angiographic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of inflammatory disease of
      bones and soft tissues (a report concerning 40 cases) (author's transl)].
AB  - The angiographic appearances of inflammatory disease of bones and soft tissues
      was analysed in 40 patients. The angiographic findings in inflammation of bone
      (28 patients) differed greatly, from normal findings (14.2%), moderate
      angiographic changes corresponding to the severity of the inflammatory process
      (32.1%), marked changes in the arterial, capillary and venous beds (42.9%) and
      significant local staining with little peripheral reaction (10.7%). Soft tissue
      inflammation on the other hand showed increased vascularity in all cases. A
      typical angiogram was found in 50% of cases and shows the following
      characteristics: vascularity as compared with the surroundings is usually
      increased and may be extensive, far more so than is found surrounding vascular
      bone foci; the contrast staining is usually ill-defined and the veins in the late
      phase are increased in calibre. Early venous filling is common and should not be
      regarded as a sign of malignancy. In 17.5% of patients the angiogram simulated a
      tumour; in four patients (10%) a false positive diagnosis of tumour was made, in
      two (5%) a tumour could not be excluded and in one case a benign tumour was
      diagnosed because of localised staining. None of the angiograms which had been
      interpreted incorrectly showed typical pathological vessels, which are the most
      important tumour criteria.

PMID- 157955
TI  - [Experiences with scintiangiography as risk-free examination method without
      burdening the patient (author's transl)].
AB  - Scintiangiography with 99mTc was performed on a routine basis resulting in good
      visualisation. Under certain circumstances this method can be considered to be
      the method of choice, since it does not burden the patient to any significant
      extent and is less likely to produce complications caused by the contrast medium.

PMID- 157956
TI  - [Scintigraphic and quantitative measurement of the gastric wall blood-flow of the
      dog (author's transl)].
AB  - In the examinations presented the gastric wall blood-flow of the dog was measured
      scintigraphically by using the gamma camera and quantitatively by making use of
      the microsphere method under different functional conditions. In doing so it
      became apparent that not only the individual functional stomach regions (corpus
      antrum) but as well the individual stomach wall layers (mucosa-muscularis) can
      show a counter blood flow procedure. The two methods mentioned above have proved
      to be suitable both for the determination of the gastric wall blood flow in the
      individual layers and the optical reproduction of the regional blood-flow
      procedure.

PMID- 157957
TI  - [The film-mammographic demonstration of micro-calcification (author's transl)].
AB  - The smallest dimension (dmin) of circular, isolated micro-calcifications in
      breast tissue was studied in relation to the degree of calcification (weight-per
      cent-appetite), relative scatter and the film properties of screenless
      mammography films. From our own investigations on phantoms, the smallest signal
      to-noise ratio (delta S min/delta R) was obtained which determines the minimal
      contrast, given the film properties (film response S, film gradient gamma) and
      the amount of scatter. An approximate formula for dmin has been derived which
      incorporates the ROC concept.

PMID- 157958
TI  - [A comparison of radiation exposure of angiographers using an above-table or
      below-table image intensifier (author's transl)].
AB  - Phantom measurements in the vicinity of an angiographic installation with the
      image intensifier below the table and subsequently with the intensifier above the
      table have shown that the former arrangement produces three times as much
      radiation to the head, gonads and leg during screening than when the intensifier
      is above the table. This has been confirmed in clinical practice during
      angioplastic procedures in other units. There is also a factor of 2.6 in favour
      of the above table intensifier applied to the lens of the eye of the investigator
      Radiation to the hand of the investigator is at least half with the above table
      arrangement.

PMID- 157959
TI  - [Comments on the paper, "Success and Apparent Success of Early Cancer Diagnosis"
      by E. Krokowski].

PMID- 157960
TI  - [Final comment on the paper, "Success and Apparent Success of Early Cancer
      Diagnosis", apropos the comments by K. Heuss and W. Hoeffken].

PMID- 157961
TI  - [Combined Seldinger-Hettler puncture and catheter insertion technic].

PMID- 157962
TI  - [Echinococcus cysticus of the bone].

PMID- 157964
TI  - [Spontaneous visualization of the lymph vessels in double contrast arthrography
      of the knee joint].

PMID- 157963
TI  - [Cystitis glandularis with subsequent pelvic fibromatosis].

PMID- 157965
TI  - [Functional testing of a LeVeen peritoneal-venous shunt by scintigraphy].

PMID- 157966
TI  - [Diverticulum formation in the anal canal].

PMID- 157967
TI  - [Prestenotic colonic ulceration, a sign of impending perforation].

PMID- 157968
TI  - [On the 70th birthday of Prof. J. S. Mitchell, Cambridge].

PMID- 157969
TI  - [On the 80th birthday of Prof. E. Uehlinger].

PMID- 157970
TI  - [Dermatological symptoms of yusho. Alterations in this decade (author's transl)].

PMID- 157971
TI  - Evidence for a correlation between late replication and autosomal gene
      inactivation in a familial translocation t(X;21).
AB  - A familial translocation t(X;21)(q2700;q11) is studied. A girl, trisomic for
      almost all the chromosome 21, has a mildly abnormal phenotype. A second girl,
      phenotypically abnormal, is monosomic for the juxtacentromeric region of
      chromosome 21 only. A comparison of the replication pattern and of the activity
      of superoxide dismutase (gene located on chromosome 21) shows a clear correlation
      between late replication, gene inactivation and phenotype expression of chromsome
      21.

PMID- 157972
TI  - The involvement of activated specific suppressor T cells in maintenance of
      transplantation tolerance.

PMID- 157973
TI  - The rights of the handicapped student.

PMID- 157974
TI  - Effect of apholate on neurosecretion of pars intercerebralis, fat bodies &
      ovarian development of the red cotton bug Dysdercus koenigii (F).

PMID- 157975
TI  - Succinate dehydrogenase & myofibrillar-ATPase in certain specialized mamalian &
      avian muscles in relation to different habitats.

PMID- 157976
TI  - A comparative quantitative study of myofibrillar-ATPase (m-ATPase) & succinic
      dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in certain specialized muscles of rat (Rattus
      rattus) from various representative regions.

PMID- 157977
TI  - Aberrant secondary antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes in rabbits with
      experimental syphilis.
AB  - Rabbits infected with Treponema pallidum have strikingly depressed in vivo
      immunoglobulin G responses to sheep erythrocytes. To gain further insight into
      the nature of this suppression, the immune responses of splenic and peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from infected rabbits to sheep erythrocytes were studied in
      vitro. Spleen cells from rabbits that had been sensitized with sheep erythrocytes
      during active syphilis had greatly decreased immunoglobulin M and G responses
      after in vitro incubation with sheep erythrocytes, when compared to the results
      obtained with cells from sensitized uninfected animals. Suppressor cells could be
      demonstrated in peripheral blood lymphocytes of control rabbits 6 months after
      sensitization with sheep erythrocytes; these cells could be removed by nylon wool
      filtration. When primary sensitization with sheep erythrocytes was carried out
      during active syphilis, these suppressor cells were not detectable in peripheral
      blood lymphocytes 6 to 9 months later. These findings provide further evidence
      that induction of immune responses may be abnormal early in treponemal infection
      and may help to explain the failure of the host to produce antibodies which
      eradicate the organism during the first 2 to 3 months of infection.

PMID- 157978
TI  - Ecological determinants in microbial colonization of the murine gastrointestinal
      tract: adherence of Torulopsis pintolopesii to epithelial surfaces.
AB  - Torulopsis pintolopesii is a yeast indigenous to the gastrointestinal tracts of
      conventional mice and rats from many colonies. In such natively colonized
      animals, the organism forms layers on the surface of the epithelium in the
      secreting portion of the stomach and can be cultured from all areas of the
      gastrointestinal tract. When given in water or food to germfree mice or specific
      pathogen-free mice possessing an indigenous microbiota free of yeast, T.
      pintolopesii also can be cultured from all areas of the tract at population
      levels ranging from 10(5) to 10(8) cells per g (wet weight). Likewise, as in its
      native hosts, the organism forms layers on gastric surfaces in the associated
      animals. The layers form on the secreting surface in both the specific pathogen
      free and monoassociated ex-germfree mice. In the latter animal, however, a layer
      of yeast also forms on the nonsecreting gastric surface. In tests of its capacity
      to adhere to gastrointestinal surfaces in vitro, the organism adheres to
      epithelia from all areas of the mouse tract. These findings support an hypothesis
      that the capacity of T. pintolopesii to adhere to epithelial surfaces may be only
      one determinant influencing it to form layers on the gastric secreting surface in
      its native hosts.

PMID- 157980
TI  - Intestinal and serum antibody responses in mice after oral immunization with
      Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella-Escherichia coli hybrid strains.
AB  - After oral feeding of mice with avirulent Salmonella, Escherichia coli, or hybrid
      strains, only certain bacterial strains were able to multiply and persist within
      the small intestinal Peyer's patches. After oral vaccination alone, or oral
      priming and subsequent parenteral boosting, antibody class and titers were
      detected, using a radioimmunoassay on serum and intestinal fluid or a plaque
      forming cell assay on spleens. Only those strains that persisted in the Peyer's
      patches stimulated the production of serum and intestinal immunoglobulin A
      antibodies against their respective O antigens. Nonpersistent strains were weakly
      immunogenic, and antibodies, when present, were largely non-immunoglobulin A and
      confined to the serum.

PMID- 157979
TI  - Alterations of the immune response associated with chronic experimental
      leishmaniasis.
AB  - BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania mexicana developed a chronic infection
      usually accompanied by the appearance of metastatic lesions. Throughout the 20
      weeks of observation, infected mice ;howed an impairment in both in vivo delayed
      hypersensitivity response and in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to leishmanial
      antigen. Four to 8 weeks after inoculation infected mice displayed a transitory
      enhancement of spleen cell responses to phytohemagglutinin P, concanavalin A, and
      lipopolysaccharide. At the same time, immunization with sheep erythrocytes
      resulted in a greater number of immunoglobulin P, lipopolysaccharide, and sheep
      erythrocytes diminished progressively, whereas reactivity to concanavalin A was
      markedly augmented. When cocultivated with spleen cells from mice infected for 12
      to 20 weeks, normal lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin P, concanavalin A,
      and lipopolysaccharide were drastically reduced. These results suggest a role for
      suppressor cells in chronic experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis.

PMID- 157981
TI  - Adoptive transfer of cross-protection among alphaviruses in mice requires
      allogeneic stimulation.
AB  - Cell-mediated (T-effector cell) immunity is proposed as playing the major role in
      cross-protection between Sindbis and Semliki Forest viruses, which are
      alphaviruses that do not elicit cross-neutralizing antibodies. In adoptive
      transfer experiments, T-cells from spleens of Sindbis virus-immunized mice were
      found to confer specific cross-protection to Semliki Forest virus upon recipient
      mice. This cross-protection was observed in the outbred ICR strain of mice and
      when transfers were made between several combinations of inbred and hybrid
      strains. Cross-protection was substantially reduced if syngeneic rather than
      allogeneic cell transfers of one spleen equivalent per mouse were made. The
      results suggest that allogeneic stimulation (mixed lymphocyte reaction in vivo)
      is necessary to increase the number of effector cells (donor) in the recipient.
      This was supported by the observation that blastogenic stimulation of donor cells
      in vitro by concanavalin A induces cross-protection in syngeneic animals.
      Conversion of recipient cells to specific effector cells also appears to play a
      role in protecting mice against Semliki Forest virus. This was concluded from the
      experiments described above, a time course study, and the results of experiments
      that involved serial passages of transferred cells across histocompatibility
      barriers. Thus, we propose that both donor and recipient cells are active in
      protecting recipient mice against challenge with Semliki Forest virus after
      adoptive transfer.

PMID- 157982
TI  - Resistances to naturalistic observation in a geriatric setting.
AB  - Two residential floors for the disabled in a Home for the Jewish Aged were the
      setttings for this research. One stationary camera with an audio-video taping
      system was used on each floor to collect data on staff-elderly interactions. This
      procedure permitted systematic comparisons of staff-initiated touching in
      relation to naturalistic variations in (1) the physical appearances of patients,
      and (2) the sex, age, and social statuses of interaction partners. This procedure
      is discussed with regard to the methodological and ethical problems it posed.

PMID- 157983
TI  - Local estimates of the functionally disabled elderly: toward a planning tool for
      housing and support service programs.
AB  - In order to allocate housing and support service funds, local planners need to
      know the number of elderly at various levels of functional disability. When the
      levels of disability are sufficiently specific, the need for specialized housing
      and support services can be identified, the proper funding priorities can be
      established, and new support programs developed. Locally administered surveys to
      determine functional disabilities are cost prohibitive, so estimates using
      secondary data are often used. This paper describes research to improve the
      accuracy of synthetic estimates of elderly with functional disabilities while
      expanding the number of functional ability levels used to describe the
      population.

PMID- 157985
TI  - Research projects approved and funded by the German Research Association (DFG)

PMID- 157984
TI  - Research on the changes of behaviour in children with physical and mental
      handicaps influenced by psychomotor training.

PMID- 157986
TI  - Training in rehabilitation: basics needs and considerations.
AB  - Rehabilitation is an integral part of medicine. It includes physical therapy,
      occupational therapy, speech therapy. It involves nurses, social workers,
      clinical and educational psychologists. It also involves resettlement into the
      community and to work. Each patient, whether temporarily or permanently disabled,
      requires a comprehensive service to meet all his needs at the appropriate time.
      Although there are some multidisciplinary teams providing comprehensive
      rehabilitation services the needs are so wide and complex that many patients do
      not achieve optimum rehabilitation. Most doctors believe that the best
      rehabilitation stems from high standards of general medical care, but many
      patients require care and counselling extending into social and community aspects
      of their lives. The clinician must be trained to understand these needs and
      accept the responsibility for, at least, initiating appropriate rehabilitation
      and resettlement procedures and thus reducing clinical and social morbidity.
      Rehabilitation is more than the practice of special techniques. Most therapists
      can contribute considerably by the assessment of potential functional capability
      and by exploiting residual capability by alternative techniques of activity, or
      the use of aids and appliances. The behavioural aspects of response to illness or
      injury and the patterns of recovery thus determined need to be more clearly
      understood and the rehabilitation programme reappraised in the light of the
      knowledge.

PMID- 157987
TI  - Disablement in society: towards an integrated perspective.
AB  - Demographic and morbidity changes have undermined traditional responses to
      disease and disability. An expanded model of disablement is required, integrating
      consequences as well as causes. Three main concepts involved are impairment,
      disability, and handicap. These constitute a continuum ranging from bio-medical
      phenomena (impairment) through functional limitation and activity restriction
      (disability) to social disadvantage (handicap). Though complete sequences can
      occur, analytical and practical problems arise from the fact that their
      interrelationship is not always straightforward or predictable. From an analysis
      of available data it is calculated that 34% of the adult population in Great
      Britain are impaired. A tenth of these are severely disabled. The age structure
      and underlying causes of disablement challenge prevailing stereotypes:
      disablement becomes more frequent with age and it is caused in large part by
      chronic diseases. An attempt to assess handicap direct, rather than as a
      derivative of disability, displays severe disadvantages among the disabled. The
      model allows the possibility of gathering information relevant to different
      aspects of disablement and warns against reductionist or naive responses in
      health care and social policy.

PMID- 157988
TI  - Communication and cooperation between professionals in the field of
      rehabilitation.
AB  - Some criteria and characteristics of Rehabilitation as a complex,
      multidimensional and interdisciplinary field of theory, practice and research are
      pointed out at the beginning of this paper. It is shown, that such a
      rehabilitation concept demands the cooperation between professionals in this
      field (a) in practice within the rehabilitation team, (b) in research for the
      realization of well coordinated and problem-oriented interdisciplinary projects,
      (c) in theory for the development of more adequate theoretical concepts and
      better strategies for teaching and training personnel. Improved mutual
      information on an international level is regarded as a basis or prerequisite for
      such cooperation. The multiple dimensions and directions of communication
      necessary to assure such cooperation are illustrated. In a description of
      barriers to communication in the field of rehabilitation the following facts are
      considered as possible causes for the present insufficient cooperation among
      professionals in this field- (1) specialization and exclusiveness, (2) language
      and presentation, (3) differences in culture, demographical situations and
      economic/historical development, (4) geographical, national, legal or
      administrative barriers, (5) professional competition, patenting and copyright,
      (6) lack of adequate documentation and dissemination of information, (7)
      inadequate use of existing information systems and communication channels. The
      article closes with suggestions on ways to improve communications and cooperation
      between professionals in rehabilitation.

PMID- 157989
TI  - The attitudes of working people toward disabled persons, especially in regard to
      vocational rehabilitation.

PMID- 157990
TI  - Adjustment to disease and handicap in the medical rehabilitation of chronically
      ill or handicapped persons.

PMID- 157992
TI  - Disablement investigation -- a sociological study of the social situation of the
      disabled in a local community.

PMID- 157991
TI  - The application of Kelly's Repotory Grid Technique to investigate disabled
      people's perceptions of their professional workers.
AB  - Blaxter, (1976), has shown that there is an amount of confusion and
      misunderstanding of British medical and social services among disabled people.
      This study attempts to explore the perceptions of just two young disabled women
      to ascertain their individual views of what is seemingly a very complex array of
      services. No attempt has been made to generalise the findings, although future
      work, using group data, may be completed at a later date. The main objective of
      the study was to find out if Kelly's Repertory Grid Technique could be applied to
      this particular problem. The technique was used alongside indepth interviews. In
      general, the grid analysis did concur with the content analysis of the indepth
      interviews, particularly if the subject used her own elicited constructs. Both
      informal and formal agents of help were investigated, but due to lack of space,
      only the analyses of the three formal agents are permitted. In both case studies,
      the subjects' perceptions of each formal agent varied according to her attitude
      towards that agent and the experiences she had in dealing with him. This was
      verified by comparing the relationship between constructs and elements (agents)
      with the discriptions given during the indepth interviews. By using McQuitty's,
      (1960), elementary linkage analysis, two main clusters of agents were obtained.
      Inclusion within either cluster was largely dependant upon whether the subject
      considered the agent to be an authoritarian, or peer-like figure. A number of
      possible applications of the reportory grid technique, for future research, are
      also discussed.

PMID- 157994
TI  - Methodological problems rating the number of handicapped persons.

PMID- 157993
TI  - Attitude towards the disabled as related to cultural values and personality
      traits.

PMID- 157995
TI  - Job analysis applied to the special problems of the disabled.

PMID- 157996
TI  - Non-professional aids engaged in mobile assistance programs for the integration
      of handicapped persons.

PMID- 157997
TI  - The Swedish Institute for the Handicapped.

PMID- 157998
TI  - Tumor uptake of radiolabeled pyrimidine bases and pyrimidine nucleosides in
      animal models--II. 6-[3H]-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine.

PMID- 157999
TI  - [Possibilities and value of endoscopic methods in the diagnosis of chronic
      pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 158000
TI  - Biliary excretion of three cholecystographic contrast agents in dogs: iocetamic
      acid, iopronic acid and iosumetic acid.

PMID- 158001
TI  - Renal cortical fibrinolytic activity in rabbits with chronic immune complex
      nephritis.

PMID- 158002
TI  - Medical Paternity and 'wrongful life'.

PMID- 158003
TI  - [The facial mask as a basis of clindamycin therapy for acne vulgaris].
AB  - In 29 healthy male subjects aged between 20 to 25 years a powder face mask,
      consisting of 1.19% clindamycin phosphate (= 1% clindamycin base) in 70% ethanol
      was applied to the right side of the forehead once daily over a period of 5 days.
      At the same time half of the test subjects were treated in the same way on the
      left side of the forehead with a solution consisting of 1.19% clindamycin
      phosphate in 70% ethanol, and the other half with the same powder mask as on the
      right side but without clindamycin phosphate. The face mask containing
      clindamycin phosphate leads to a greater reduction of P. acnes. the total
      propionibacteria and the total bacterial counts (anaerobic culture) in the
      pilosebaceous duct than both other preparations. Compared with the initial values
      these do, however, reduce the bacterial count. The use of face masks containing
      antibiotics seems to offer a successful way of topical antibiotic treatment of
      acne.

PMID- 158005
TI  - The politics of definitions: how autism got included in the Developmental
      Disabilities Act.

PMID- 158004
TI  - A histochemical study about changes in rat liver plasma membrane enzyme
      activities after galactosamine administration.
AB  - In rats changes in plasma membrane enzyme activities due to Gal-N intoxication
      were studied by enzymehistochemical methods. The bile canalicular 5'-nucleotidase
      and nucleoside polyphosphatase activities decreased; the sinusoidal 5'
      nucleotidase remained unchanged. The bile canalicular leucyl-beta-naphthyl
      amidase showed an increase in activity; the alkaline phosphatase activity
      remained unchanged. In contrast to the spotty necrosis, changes in plasma
      membrane enzyme activities were seen in all liver cells, suggesting that changes
      of these activities, occurring after Gal-N treatment, do not correlate with cell
      death. The conclusion was drawn that the deviations of the enzyme activities
      might be due to changes in the lipid environment of the enzyme proteins in the
      membrane. With the exception of alkaline phosphatase, partial hepatectomy caused
      the same changes in enzyme activities as did Gal-N intoxication. Nevertheless Gal
      N administration to partial hepatectomized rats did not lead to hepatic necrosis.
      Galactose given simultaneously or within two hours after Gal-N prevented both
      changes in plasma membrane enzyme activities and hepatocellular damage. This
      suggests an important role of galactolipids and galactoproteins in the plasma
      membrane alterations.

PMID- 158006
TI  - Gene lon and plasmid inheritance in Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Lon- mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 are deficient in the inheritance of F
      plasmids by conjugation. This deficiency is distinct from the conjugation
      deficiency caused by overproduction of capsular polysaccharide which decreases
      donor-recipient pair formation.

PMID- 158007
TI  - Lambda bacteriophage-mediated transduction of ColE1 deoxyribonucleic acid having
      a lambda bacteriophage-cohesive end site: selection of packageable-length
      deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - An in vitro recombinant ColE1-cos lambda deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule,
      pKY96, has 70% of the length of lambda phage DNA. The process of lambda phage
      mediated transduction of pKY96 generated a small amount of transducing phage
      particles containing ColE1-cos lambda DNA molecules of 80 or 101% of the length
      of lambda phage DNA, in addition to those containing original pKY96 DNA
      molecules. The newly isolated larger plasmid DNAs were transduced 100 times more
      efficiently than pKY96 DNA. Their structures were compared with that of a
      prototype pKY96 DNA, and the mechanism of the formation of these molecules is
      discussed.

PMID- 158008
TI  - Circadian rhythms in Neurospora crassa: effects of saturated fatty acids.
AB  - To assess their effects on the conidiation rhythm in Neurospora, 14 saturated
      fatty acids from 6 to 24 carbons long were used to supplement the bd csp and bd
      csp cel strains. Both strains express a circadian spore-forming rhythm when grown
      on solid media; the cel mutation confers a partial fatty acid requirement. Fatty
      acid supplements from 8 to 13 carbons long lengthened the free-running period of
      bd csp cel compared with the control value of 21 h; the maximal effect (33 h) was
      obtained with nonanoic acid (9:0) at a concentration of 5 x 10(-4) M. In
      contrast, the period of bd csp remained unchanged under all experimental
      conditions. The short-chain fatty acids (<14 carbons) reduced the rate of advance
      of the growth front in both strains, compared with unsupplemented controls.
      However, this inhibition did not appear to be responsible for the lengthened
      periods in bd csp cel. Nor was direct incorporation of the short-chain (period
      lengthening) fatty acids into mycelial total lipids responsible, since such
      incorporation was not observed. In fact, extensive metabolic conversion of these
      supplements by both strains was indicated by the disappearance of short-chain
      fatty acids from the agar media coupled with their absence in mycelial lipids,
      and by the liberation of (14)CO(2) from cultures supplemented with [1
      (14)C]lauric acid (12:0).

PMID- 158009
TI  - On the overshoot of calcium accumulation in fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum
      induced by thymol.
AB  - The mechanism was studied of the overshoot of calcium accumulation in fragmented
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) which is observed when the active transport of
      calcium into FSR is performed in the presence of thymol; the amount of calcium in
      FSR increases steeply during the first minute of the reaction and then decreases
      markedly. In contrast to this behavior, the amount of calcium in FSR increases
      monotonically and then reaches saturation in the absence of thymol. It is shown
      that the amount of calcium accumulated in FSR is determined by the balance
      between the rapid influx and efflux of calcium, and that both processes are
      depressed by thymol. The overshoot of calcium accumulation can be explained as
      follows: thymol so markedly depresses the efflux of calcium uncoupled with Ca2+
      ATPase activity that the amount of calcium is increased in FSR in spite of
      partial deactivation of Ca2+-ATPase. However, the state of the FSR membrane is
      rapidly changed when the concentration of accumulated calcium exceeds a certain
      critical value. Concomitant with this change, the calcium permeability of the
      membrane is increased, leading to a decrease in the amount of accumulated
      calcium. The effects of magnesium and temperature on the overshoot of calcium
      accumulation can be accounted for by this proposed mechanism.

PMID- 158010
TI  - Studies on stringent control in a cell-free system. Regulation by guanosine-5'
      diphosphate-3'-diphosphate of the synthesis of elongation factor Tu.
AB  - The biosynthesis of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) has been studied in a cell-free
      system with DNA of the transducing phage lambdarifd18 as a template. It was found
      that the synthesis of EF-Tu in this system was inhibited by about 60% in the
      presence of 0.3 to 0.6 mM guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate (ppGpp). The
      syntheses of several ribosomal proteins encoded in this template, i.e. L1, L10,
      L11, and L7/L12, were also depressed, whereas those of phage lambda proteins were
      rather enhanced by the addition of ppGpp. By separating the reaction into two
      steps, i.e., transcription and translation, the effect of ppGpp was shown to
      occur at the level of transcription. Several analogs, such as guanosine-5'
      diphosphate-3'-monophosphate (ppGp) and guanosine-5'-diphosphate (ppG), were
      without effect. The formation of mRNA for EF-Tu was assessed directly by specific
      hybridization with pTUA1 DNA carrying tufA gene. The results clearly indicated
      that the synthesis of tufB . MRNA was severely and selectively inhibited by
      ppGpp.

PMID- 158011
TI  - Kinetic properties of dynein ATPase from Tetrahymena pyriformis. The initial
      phosphate burst of dynein ATPase and its interaction with ATP analogs.
AB  - 1. Dynein was extracted with 0.5 M KCl from Tetrahymena axonemes. SDS-gel
      electrophoresis of the extract indicated that about 50% of the extracted protein
      had a molecular weight of about 3.5 X 10(5), and that 90% of the proteins with
      this weight had been extracted. 2. The ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] reaction of the KCl
      extracted dynein fraction was enhanced by 60-80% by addition of the outer doublet
      fraction. It showed an initial burst of Pi liberation of about 1 mol per mol of
      proteins with a molecular weight of 3.5 X 10(5). 3. We examined the interaction
      of the dynein-tubulin system from Tetrahymena cilia with ten ATP analogs [2'
      dATP, 3'-dATP, epsilonATP, FTP, 8-NH(CH3)-ATP, 8,3'-S-cyclo-ATP, 8-Br-ATP, 8-OCH3
      ATP, 8-SCH3-ATP, and AMPPNP]. Among them, 2'-dATP and 3'-dATP were good
      substrates for dynein ATPase, as they induced the dissociation of dynein arms
      from the B-tubule of outer doublets, the sliding movement between outer doublets,
      and the bending movement of axonemes. The other analogs did not induce the
      dissociation or the sliding movement. 4. Among the ATP analogs tested, only 2'
      dATP and 3'-dATP induced the reorientation of cilia on the Triton model of
      Tetrahymena; the reorientation rates were smaller than that induced by ATP.

PMID- 158012
TI  - ADP-sensitive and -insensitive phosphorylated intermediates of solubilized
      Ca2+,Mg2+-dependent ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle.

PMID- 158013
TI  - Change in the ultraviolet spectrum of solubilized Ca2+-dependent ATPase from
      sarcoplasmic reticulum due to binding with Ca2+ ions.
AB  - Solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum (SSR) was prepared by solubilizing fragmented
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) with a nonionic detergent (C12E8) then displacing
      the detergent with Tween 80, using a DEAE-cellulose column. The UV absorption of
      SSR decreased reversibly at about 286 and 292 nm on removal of free Ca2+ ions,
      while no change in the fluorescence spectrum was detectable. On the other hand,
      the fluorescence intensity of FSR decreased 3-4% on removal of free Ca2+ ions, as
      previously reported by Dupont [(1976) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 71, 544
      550]. The UV absorption of FSR increased reversibly at about 270-280 nm on
      removal of free Ca2+ ions, but the rate of the change was very slow (k = about
      0.1 min-1).

PMID- 158014
TI  - Inducible and constitutive kynureninases. Control of the inducible enzyme
      activity by transamination and inhibition of the constitutive enzyme by 3
      hydroxyanthranilate.
AB  - The inducible kynureninase from Neurospora crassa is inactivated by incubation
      with L-alanine or L-ornithine. The inactivated enzyme is resolved to the
      apoenzyme by dialysis. Reactivation of the apoenzyme is achieved by incubation
      with pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate plus pyruvate, as well as with pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate. The kynurenine hydrolysis proceeds linearly in the presence of added
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate plus pyruvate. These
      findings indicate that the fungal inducible kynureninase can act as an amino
      transferase to control the enzyme activity, and that the control mechanism is
      similar to that reported for the bacterial kynureninase (Moriguchi, M. & Soda, K.
      (1973) Biochemistry 12, 2974-2980). The ratio of kynureninase activity to
      aminotransferase activity was determined with bacterial and fungal enzymes. All
      the inducible kynureninases from various fungal species examined are also
      controlled by the transamination. In contrast, the pig liver kynureninase and the
      fungal constitutive enzymes are little or not at all affected by preincubation
      with amino acids. Thus, the present regulatory mechanism does not operate in
      these constitutive-type enzymes. The rate of hydrolysis of L-3-hydroxykynurenine
      by the pig liver enzyme decreases with increase in the incubation time; the
      enzyme is inhibited by 3-hydroxyanthranilate produced from L-3-hydroxykynurenine.
      The inhibition is found in all the constitutive-type enzymes, suggesting that 3
      hydroxyanthranilate plays a regulatory role in NAD biosynthesis from tryptophan.

PMID- 158015
TI  - Coupling of movement of cross-bridges with ATP splitting studied in terms of the
      acceleration of the ATPase activity of glycerol-treated muscle fibers on applying
      various types of repetitive stretch-release cycles.

PMID- 158016
TI  - The presence of an adenosine-5'-triphosphatase dependent on 6S tubulin and
      calcium ions in rat brain microtubules.
AB  - An ATPase activity was found in rat brain microtubules prepared by successive
      cycles of polymerization and depolymerization. On phosphocellulose column
      chromatography, the ATPase activity was recovered in the fraction eluted with 0.6
      M KCl and containing the microtubule associated proteins. The ATPase activity was
      markedly stimulated by the addition of purified brain 6S tubulin, and the
      stimulation was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions. Approximately 50 pmol of
      purified 6S tubulin was required for the maximal stimulation in the presence of 8
      microgram of microtubule associated proteins. The specific activity was 8 to 13
      nmol of ATP hydrolyzed per min per mg of protein at 37 degrees C, and the Km
      value for ATP was 3 X 10(-5) M in the presence of added tubulin.

PMID- 158017
TI  - Macrophage myosin. Regulation of actin-activated ATPase, activity by
      phosphorylation of the 20,000-dalton light chain.
AB  - Myosin was purified from rabbit alveolar macrophages in a form that could not be
      activated by actin. This myosin could be phosphorylated by an endogenous myosin
      light chain kinase, up to 2 mol of phosphate being incorporated/mol of myosin.
      The site phosphorylated was located on the 20,000-dalton myosin light chain.
      Phosphorylation of macrophage myosin was found to be necessary for actin
      activation of myosin ATPase activity. Moreover, the actin-activated ATPase
      activity was found to vary directly with the extent of myosin phosphorylation,
      maximal phosphorylation (2 mol of Pi/mol of myosin) resulting in an actin
      activated MgATPase activity of approximately 200 nmol of Pi/mg of myosin/min at
      37 degrees C. These results establish that phosphyoyration of the 20,000-dalton
      light chain of myosin is sufficient to regulate the actin-activated ATPase
      activity of macrophage myosin.

PMID- 158019
TI  - Tentoxin inhibition of the light-dependent exchange of chloroplast coupling
      factor 1 tightly bound adenine nucleotides.

PMID- 158018
TI  - The relationship between light-induced adenine nucleotide exchange and ATPase
      activity in chloroplast thylakoid membranes.

PMID- 158020
TI  - Physiological activation of the human fibrinolytic system. Isolation and
      characterization of human plasminogen variants, Chicago I and Chicago II.

PMID- 158022
TI  - On the mechanism of the reaction between human alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasmin.

PMID- 158021
TI  - Rat thyroid phosphofructokinase. Comparison of the regulatory and molecular
      properties with those of rat muscle enzyme.
AB  - The kinetic and molecular properties of rat thyroid phosphofructokinase (specific
      activity 134 units/mg) were compared with those of rat muscle phosphofructokinase
      (specific activity 135 units/mg). Thyroid and muscle phosphofructokinase showed
      similar sedimentation patterns in sucrose density gradients; their affinity for
      DEAE-cellulose was similar but not identical. A comparison of the kinetic
      properties revealed differences in the pH optima. Striking differences in the
      kinetic properties were shown below pH 7.4; the thyroid enzyme was less inhibited
      by ATP or citrate and more sensitive to activation by cyclic 3':5'-AMP than the
      muscle enzyme. A study of the effects of some cyclic as well as linear
      mononucleotides, such as cyclic AMP, cyclic IMP, cyclic GMP, cyclic CMP, cyclic
      UMP, 5'-AMP, and 3'-AMP on thyroid phosphofructokinase showed that at
      concentrations as low as 1 micrometer only cyclic AMP and cyclic IMP were able to
      activate thyroid enzyme in the presence of low fructose-6-P and high ATP
      concentrations.

PMID- 158023
TI  - Mechanical properties of synthetic arterial grafts.

PMID- 158024
TI  - Orthopaedic features in the presentation of syringomyelia.
AB  - The orthopaedic surgeon is often the first consultant to whom a patient with
      syringomyelia is referred. The disease is not as rare as he may suppose, but its
      early presenting features are very variable; if he relies solely on such familiar
      features as pes cavus and scoliosis, he may well miss the diagnosis. The
      commonest presenting symptom is pain in the head, neck, trunk or limbs; headache
      or neckache made worse by straining is particularly significant. A history of
      birth injury also may suggest the possibility of syringomyelia, especially if any
      spasticity subsequently worsens. Neurological features which may be diagnostic
      include nystagmus, dissociated sensory loss, muscle wasting, spasticity of the
      lower limbs or Charcot's joints. Radiographic features include erosion of the
      bodies of cervical vertebrae and widening of the spinal canal; if, at C5, the
      size of the canal exceeds that of the body by 6 millimetres in the adult,
      pathological dilatation is present. The presence of basilar invagination or other
      abnormalities of the foramen magnum, of spina bifida occulta and of scoliosis are
      further pointers. Thermography is a useful way of showing asymmetrical
      sympathetic involvement in early cases. A greater awareness of the prevalence of
      syringomyelia may lead to earlier diagnosis and to early operation, which appears
      to hold out the best hope of arresting what is all too commonly a severely
      disabling and progressive condition.

PMID- 158025
TI  - The natural history of congenital disease of the hip.
AB  - Fifty-four adults with eighty hips affected by congenital disease which had not
      been treated have been reviewed. Fifty-nine per cent of forty-two dislocated hips
      had fair or poor grading scores. The incidence of osteoarthritis was markedly
      increased in the presence of a well-developed false acetabulum. Unilateral
      dislocation led to valgus deformity and degenerative changes in the ipsilateral
      knee in seven of twenty-two patients. Dislocation did not increase the incidence
      of symptomatic lumbar spondylosis. The height of the dislocated head on the ilium
      was not found to be related to the prognosis for the hip, the knee or the lumbar
      spine and did not correlate with the development of the false acetabulum. Frank
      congenital subluxation eventually led to osteoarthritis of the hip.

PMID- 158026
TI  - Erosion of Dacron graft by atherosclerotic plaque.
AB  - Erosion of a Dacron prosthetic graft used in aortic reconstruction following the
      intrasaccular resection of an infrarenal abdominal aneurysm resulted in
      perforation of the graft and the formation of a false aneurysm which ruptured.
      The pathogenesis and prevention of this problem are discussed.

PMID- 158027
TI  - Mitochondrial ribosome assembly in Neurospora. Two-dimensional gel
      electrophoretic analysis of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins.
AB  - Recent results with Neurospora crassa show that one protein (S-5, mol wt 52,000)
      associated with the mitochondrial (mit) small ribosomal subunit is translated
      within the mitochondria (Lambowitz et al. 1976. J. Mol. Biol. 107:223-253). In
      the present work, Neurospora mit ribosomal proteins were analyzed by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis using a modification of the gel system of Mets
      and Bogorad. The results show that S-5 is present in near stoichiometric
      concentrations in high salt (0.5 MKCl)-washed mit small subunits from wild-type
      strains. S-5 is among the most basic mit ribosomal proteins (pI greater than 10)
      and has a high affinity for RNA under the conditions of the urea-containing gel
      buffers. The role of S-5 in mit ribosome assembly was investigated by an indirect
      method, making use of chloramphenicol to specifically inhibit mit protein
      synthesis. Chloramphenicol was found to rapidly inhibit the assembly of mit small
      subunits leading to the formation of CAP-30S particles which sediment slightly
      behind mature small subunits (LaPolla and Lambowitz. 1977. J. Mol. 116: 189-205).
      Two-dimensional gel analysis shows that the more slowly sedimentaing CAP-30S
      particles are deficient in S-5 and in several other proteins, whereas these
      proteins are present in normal concentrations in mature small subunits from the
      same cells. Because S-5 is the only mit ribosomal protein whose synthesis is
      directly inhibited by chloramphenicol, the results tentatively suggest that S-5
      plays a role in the assembly of mit small subunits. In addition, the results are
      consistent with the idea that S-5 stabilizes the binding of several other mit
      small subunit proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to examine
      mit ribosomal proteins from [poky] and six additional extra-nuclear mutants with
      defects in the assembly of mit small subunits. The electrophoretic mobility of S
      5 is not detectably altered in any of the mutants. However, [poky] mit small
      subunits are deficient in S-5 and also contain several other proteins in
      abnormally low or high concentrations. These and other results are consistent
      with a defect in a mit ribosomal constituent in [poky].

PMID- 158028
TI  - Study of the mechanism of vanadate inhibition of the dynein cross-bridge cycle in
      sea urchin sperm flagella.
AB  - The effect of vanadate on the ATP-induced disruption of trypsin-treated axonemes
      and the ATP-induced straightening of rigor wave preparations of sea urchin sperm
      was investigated. Addition of ATP to a suspension of trypsin-treated axonemes
      results in a rapid decrease in turbidity (optical density measured at 350 nm)
      concomitant with the disruption of the axonemes by sliding between microtubules
      to form tangles of connected doublet microtubules (Summers and Gibbons, 1971;
      Sale and Satir, 1977). For axonemes digested to approximately 93 percent of their
      initial turbidity, 5 {muM} vanadate completely inhibits the ATP-induced decrease
      in turbidity and the axonemes maintain their structural integrity. However, with
      axonemes digested to approximately 80 percent of their initial turbidity,
      vanadate fails to inhibit the ATP-induced decrease in turbidity and the ATP
      induced structural disruption of axonemes, even when the vanadate concentration
      is raised as high as 100 mum. For such axonemes digested to 80 percent of their
      initial turbidity, the form of ATP-induced structural changes, in the presence of
      25 muM vanadate, was observed by dark-field light microscopy and revealed that
      the axonemes become disrupted into curved, isolated doublet microtubules, small
      groups of doublet microtubules, and "banana peel" structures in which tubules
      have peeled back from the axoneme. Addition of 5 muM ATP to rigor wave sperm,
      which were prepared by abrupt removal of ATP from reactivated sperm, causes
      straightening of the rigor waves within 1 min, and addition of more than 10 muM
      ATP causes resumption of flagellar beating. Addition of 40 muM vanadate to the
      rigor wave sperm does not inhibit straightening of the rigor waves of 2 muM-1 mM
      ATP, although oscillatory beating is completely inhibited. These results suggest
      that vanadate inhibits the mechanochemical cycle of dyein at a step subsequent to
      the MgATP(2-)-induced release of the bridged dynein arms.

PMID- 158029
TI  - N-ethylmaleimide-modified heavy meromyosin. A probe for actomyosin interactions.
AB  - Treatment of rabbit skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin (HMM) with the sulfhydryl
      reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) produces a species of HMM which remains tightly
      bound to actin in the presence of MgATP. NEM-HMM forms characteristic "arrowhead"
      complexes with actin which persist despite rinses with MgATP. NEM-HMM inhibits
      the actin activation of native HMM-ATPase activity, the superprecipitation of
      actomyosin, the contraction of glycerinated muscle myofibrils, and the
      contraction of cytoplasmic strands of the soil amoeba Chaos carolinensis.
      However, NEM-HMM does not interfere with in vitro microtubule polymerization or
      beating of demembranated cilia.

PMID- 158030
TI  - [Vascular complications of needle biopsy of the liver (author's transl)].
AB  - 11 complications were observed in 2,346 cases of needle biopsy (frequency 0.47%)
      carried out in 1,529 cases under laparoscopy, 527 cases by the intercostal route,
      and in 290 cases during operation. The symptoms usually appeared early,
      indicating bleeding. The lesions, isolated or associated were six
      hemoperitoneums, and 9 hematomas (including 2 subcapsular), 3 intrahepatic (1
      FAV), one of the gall bladder, 3 undetermined; 5 patients out of 11 were operated
      on, 4 out of 11 died. The place of surgical treatment is discussed: one
      hemoperitoneum led to early surgical operation. An intrahepatic or subscapular
      hematoma may regress without sequelae. An arteriography after a liver scan should
      eliminate a major vascular lesion which may eventually require surgery.

PMID- 158031
TI  - [Results and indications for prostheses in arterial surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 158032
TI  - Plasma pancreatic hormone levels in a case of somatostatinoma: diagnostic and
      therapeutic implications.
AB  - Plasma somatostatin immunoreactivity (SIR) was elevated 40-fold in an insulin
      treated diabetic with disseminated pancreatic carcinoma. The diagnosis of
      somatostatinoma was supported by histological and ultrastructural similarities
      between metastatic cells and pancreatic D cells. Under acid conditions, 75% of
      the plasma SIR eluted as a 6000- to 7000-dalton protein and 25% as synthetic
      somatostatin (mol wt 1600), whereas the 20-fold elevated urine SIR consisted
      almost exclusively of the higher molecular weight fraction. The
      hypersomatostatinemia was associated with reduced basal and stimulated pancreatic
      hormone levels, which might reflect its involvement in the steatorrhea and
      diabetes, and its protection against ketoacidosis. Plasma SIR rose 50% upon
      insulin withdrawal and 10-fold after tolbutamide injection and fell 30% after
      diazoxide. It is concluded that an increase in plasma and urine SIR, the presence
      of a 6000- to 7000-dalton SIR fraction in plasma and urine, a reduction in basal
      and stimulated pancreatic hormone levels, and tolbutamide-induced somatostatin
      release can be diagnostic for a somatostatinoma. Streptozotocin reduced tumor
      volume, hypersomatostatinemia, and tolbutamide-induced somatostatin release,
      suggesting that this drug may be useful in the treatment of disseminated
      somatostatinoma.

PMID- 158033
TI  - Chlorozotocin. Mechanism of reduced bone marrow toxicity in mice.
AB  - Chlorozotocin is a chloroethyl nitrosourea with a glucose carrier that has
      curative activity for the murine L1210 leukemia, but is nonmyelosuppressive in
      mice. To determine the mechanism for this unique property of reduced bone marrow
      toxicity, comparative studies were conducted with chlorozotocin and CCNU, a
      myelotoxic chloroethyl nitrosourea. Suspensions of L1210 leukemia and murine bone
      marrow cells were incubated for 2 h with 0.1 mM [(14)C]-chloroethyl chlorozotocin
      or CCNU. Chlorozotocin demonstrated a fourfold increased covalent binding of the
      chloroethyl group to L1210 nuclei when compared to equimolar CCNU. Chlorozotocin
      alkylation of L1210 cells resulted in the binding of 57 pmol of [(14)C]ethyl
      group/mg of DNA, which represented a 2.3-fold increased alkylation when compared
      to CCNU. In marked contrast, the binding of the chloroethyl group to bone marrow
      nuclei was equivalent for both drugs. In addition, chlorozotocin alkylation of
      murine bone marrow DNA, 45 pmol of [(14)C]ethyl group/mg of DNA, was equivalent
      to that of CCNU. The ratio of L1210:bone marrow DNA alkylation was 1.3 for
      chlorozotocin compared to 0.6 for CCNU. The intracellular carbamoylation of L1210
      and bone marrow protein by CCNU was 400- to 600-fold greater than that produced
      by chlorozotocin. After a 2-h exposure to 0.1, 0.05, or 0.01 mM drug, both
      chlorozotocin and CCNU produced a reduction in the cloning efficiency of L1210
      cells that was dose dependent. However, chlorozotocin was significantly more
      cytotoxic than CCNU at all three molar concentrations (P < 0.01). Chlorozotocin,
      0.1 mM, reduced L1210 DNA synthesis to 1% of control by 48 h, in contrast to 16%
      with equimolar CCNU (P < 0.01). In mice bearing 10(5) L1210 cells, chlorozotocin
      produced its optimal antitumor activity (332% increased life span [ILS]) at doses
      of 48-64 mumol/kg, with >50% indefinite survivors. In contrast, CCNU at the same
      molar doses resulted in only a 191% ILS; a CCNU dose of 128 mumol/kg was required
      for comparable optimal L1210 antitumor activity, 413% ILS. On a molar basis, the
      dose of chlorozotocin that produced optimal in vivo L1210 antitumor activity was
      one-third to one-half that of CCNU. Chlorozotocin, unlike CCNU, produced no
      murine bone marrow toxicity at its optimal therapeutic dose. This unique
      combination of antitumor activity without myelosuppression can be correlated with
      the advantageous ratio of L1210:bone marrow in vitro DNA alkylation by
      chlorozotocin (1.3) as compared to equimolar CCNU (0.6).

PMID- 158034
TI  - Studies of human cord blood and adult lymphocyte interactions with in vitro
      immunoglobulin production.
AB  - Newborns are unable to produce normal amounts of immunoglobulin despite the
      presence of circulating lymphocytes with surface immunoglobin (Ig). This study
      was designed to examine the cellular basis of such impaired Ig synthesis in the
      newborn infant. An in vitro assay for IgG and IgM synthesis was employed which
      measured the Ig present in the supernates of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cord
      blood and/or adult peripheral mononuclear cells (MNC). Results were as follows:
      (a) the addition of cord blood MNC to adult MNC suppressed both normal IgG and
      IgM production; (b) addition of a suspension of adult thymus-derived (T) cells to
      cord bone marrow-derived (B) cells did not enhance the production of Ig; (c) the
      addition of cord T cells to adult B cells did not enhance normal Ig production
      but did significantly depress IgM and IgG synthesis; and (d) irradiation of cord
      T cells with 2,000 rads removed the suppressive effect of cord T cells on adult
      MNC. A similar reversal of the suppressive effect exerted by cord MNC was also
      seen in the presence of 10 microM of hydrocortisone. It appears that the
      inability of newborn infants to make normal amounts of Ig is a result of a
      combined B-cell defect and the presence of a steroid-sensitive and radiosensitive
      suppressor cord T cell.

PMID- 158035
TI  - Streptozotocin (NSC-85998) in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A
      Southwest Oncology Group study.
AB  - Streptozotocin (NSC-85998), a nitrosourea antibiotic, was given to 18 children
      with acute lymphocytic leukemia in relapse in a dose of 500 mg/m2/day
      intravenously every day for five days. There were no responses in 14 fully
      evaluable patients. The principal toxicity consisted of gastrointestinal
      disturbances. Based on our findings and those of others in adults, steptozotocin
      appears to play no role in the management of acute lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 158037
TI  - American Society of Dentistry for Children Constitution.

PMID- 158036
TI  - The life so short, the craft so long to learn.

PMID- 158039
TI  - Practical oral hygiene for handicapped children.

PMID- 158038
TI  - Analysis of an appliance therapy program in a dental school pedodontic clinic.
AB  - It is evident from the data assembled in this paper that a program of appliance
      therapy in the pedodontic department of a dental school can provide valuable
      clinical experience for students and benefits for a high percentage of the
      children who are treated. It is clear that selection of cases, faculty
      supervision, diagnosis, patient cooperation, and administrative control of
      patient assignment are the key to a successful program.

PMID- 158040
TI  - A postural support device for handicapped children.

PMID- 158041
TI  - Dimensional and proportional characteristics of the face in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 158042
TI  - [Dental health program for schoolchildren in a rural village lacking a dentist].

PMID- 158043
TI  - Endodontists: a manpower projection.
AB  - Since endodontics was first recognized as a specialty of dental practice in 1963,
      numerous postdoctoral programs have been established or expanded to meet a
      growing demand for endodontic manpower. There is evidence that a serious threat
      of overproduction now exists. Projections of active dentist and endodontist
      populations provide a basis for adjusting endodontic program size.

PMID- 158044
TI  - National Conference on Dental Care for Handicapped Americans. Education Programs
      in dentistry for the handicapped. October 4 and 5, 1979, Washington, D.C.

PMID- 158045
TI  - The impact of a curriculum change on student attitude and ultimate professional
      behavior.
AB  - The longitudinal effects of curriculum changes on student attitude and the
      relationship between attitudes as students and behavior as a professionals in
      practice are explored in this paper. A curriculum change (treatment of
      handicapped patients) was planned, introduced, and its effects on student
      attitude and professional behavior monitored. Findings indicate that: (1)
      exposure to handicapping conditions significantly lowered student humanitarian
      attitudes about the treatment of handicapped patients, (2) involvement with
      handicapped, regardless of the type of involvement (i.e. clinical or supervising
      oral hygiene care), appears to adversely affect humanitarian attitudes of
      students regarding handicapped patients. (3) student estimation of their future
      behavior is not a reliable indication of their future behavior, and (4) changes
      in curriculum should not be evaluated from student attitudes alone.

PMID- 158047
TI  - Genetic knowledge possessed by American nurses and nursing students.
AB  - As diseases of genetic origin have increased their impact on society's health,
      nursing's role has also increased. Nurses may not be referring those needing it
      for genetic counselling or prenatal diagnosis and may be inadvertently giving
      patients erroneous information based on lack of knowledge. A questionnaire was
      used to examine the overall adequacy and specific knowledge in the more commonly
      encountered genetic disorders such as sickle cell disease, Rh disease and Down's
      syndrome. It also included interpretation of risk and basic knowledge. The sample
      consisted of 366 senior nursing students and 114 practising nurses. Student
      programme type was consistently related to score. Age was also important in the
      degree of knowledge manifested. Only 19 (4.2%) of the respondents demonstrated
      over-all adequate knowledge. These results indicate a need to raise the
      consciousness and knowledge of nurses about human genetic disorders before
      serious repercussions result from inappropriate and inadequate counselling,
      health teaching and referrals.

PMID- 158046
TI  - A pilot study using remote broadcasting equipment to provide instruction in
      pedodontics.
AB  - This study investigates the value of remote broadcasting equipment in instruction
      in pedodontics. Twenty students, between their junior and senior years, were
      randomly chosen and videotaped during an operative dentistry appointment with a
      child. Ten students reviewed and critiqued their own tapes immediately after the
      clinic session. Ten students received instruction using remote broadcasting
      equipment in an attempt to provide cues and immediate feedback. Results indicate
      the usefulness of remote broadcasting equipment as a new pedagogic technique in
      pedodontics.

PMID- 158048
TI  - The challenge of health education for nurses in the 1980s.
AB  - As nurses are the largest group of health workers, it is argued that their
      potential for influence, so far as health education is concerned, is very great.
      The health problems associated with demographic changes in British society,
      smoking, alcohol, road accidents, dental decay, mental health and the sexual
      revolution are focused on; and the health education contribution that nurses (and
      other health workers) can make to alleviate and prevent these problems is
      discussed. The important role of 'significant others' is also stressed. Problems
      associated with general lack of basic biological and health information, and with
      the physically handicapped, and immigrant groups are also noted with concern and
      are considered to be particular challenges to nurses. Nurses are urged to develop
      their social skills, to constantly update their knowledge about British society,
      and to commit themselves to the aims of health education. It is also argued that
      they need missionary zeal so that they will take health education to the people
      in the community at large. The basic tenet of the paper is that health education
      is part and parcel of the nursing process and, therefore, greater involvement of
      nurses in health education is a logical and rational extension of their role.

PMID- 158049
TI  - Color deficiency: is it still a handicap?

PMID- 158051
TI  - The nature of the stimulatory cell in human allogeneic and autologous MLC
      reactions; role of isolated IgM-bearing B cells.

PMID- 158052
TI  - Cytotoxic Thy 1,2-positive blasts with NK-like target selectivity in murine mixed
      lymphocyte cultures.

PMID- 158053
TI  - Age-related changes in suppressor functions of human T cells.

PMID- 158054
TI  - Glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of T cell growth factor production. II. The
      effect on the in vitro generation of cytolytic T cells.

PMID- 158055
TI  - In vivo elimination by specific effector cells of an established syngeneic rat
      moloney virus-induced sarcoma.
AB  - BN rats immunized subcutaneously with a viral induced tumor (MST) or with a
      chemical-induced fibrosarcoma (BC5) were donors of immune spleen cells. Samples
      of immune spleen cells were tested in vitro against MST and BC5 in a 51Cr release
      assay before culturing and after 7 days of culture with mitomycin C-treated MST
      and/or BC5 tumor cells (MSTMit, BC5Mit). These spleen cells were infused in vivo
      i.v. into x-rayed (400 R) and nonirradiated BN recipients that bore a
      vascularized and progressive (1 to 1.5 cm in diameter) subcutaneous MST or BC5.
      Spleen cells from untreated BN donor rats were also tested in vitro and in vivo
      as controls. Established MST were specifically eliminated by spleen cells immune
      to MST after culture with MSTMit, but not by spleen cells immune to MST without
      further culture nor by cultured or uncultured BC5 immune spleen cells and control
      spleen cells. Also, the growth of BC5 was not affected by MST immune spleen cells
      cultured for 7 days with MST and/or BC5. Elimination of Moloney sarcoma (MST) in
      vivo occurred in less than 35 days and was correlated with the generation of
      cytotoxicity in vitro since only MST immune spleen cells cultured with MSTMit
      were able to augment significantly their cytotoxic capability in vitro.

PMID- 158056
TI  - Lepromin-induced suppressor cells in patients with leprosy.
AB  - The possibility of an active mechanism of immunologic suppression in leprosy was
      explored by assessing the in vitro lymphocyte responses of 61 leprosy patients
      and 30 normal individuals to the mitogen Con A in the presence or absence of
      Dharmendra lepromin. Lepromin-induced suppression of Con A stimulation was found
      in 32 of 35 lepromatous patients and 15 of 15 borderline patients, but only 2 of
      15 tuberculoid patients and 2 of 30 normal controls. Cell fractionation studies
      indicated at least two cell populations involved in the in vitro lepromin-induced
      suppressor activity, adherent cells and T gamma-cells.

PMID- 158058
TI  - A method for the assay of inflammatory mediators in follicular casts.
AB  - A method is presented whereby inflammatory mediators may be detected and
      quantified in individual follicular casts. Lysozyme, lactoferrin, IgG, IgM, C3
      and material reacting with antiserum to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were
      assayed by functional and immunologic methods. By these techniques, lysozyme, IgG
      and anti-PMN reactive material were detected in clinically uninflamed follicular
      casts from acne subjects.

PMID- 158057
TI  - Detection of early lymphocyte activation by the fluorescent cell membrane probe N
      phenyl-1-naphthylamine.
AB  - N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN) becomes fluorescent after binding to hydrophobic
      regions of cell membranes. Rat and mouse lymphoid cell suspensions stained with
      NPN showed changes in fluorescence emission 30 min after stimulation with mitogen
      or antigen, detected by microfluorimetry. Incubation of NPN-labelled mouse and
      rat thymocytes with phytohaemagglutinin or concanavalin A (Con A) caused an
      increase in mean cell fluorescence intensity. The response to Con A was inhibited
      by sodium azide and alpha-methyl mannoside. Stimulation of spleen cells from mice
      by allogeneic cells, or from tumour-bearing rats by tumour antigen consistently
      resulted in decreased fluorescence. The 'mixed lymphocyte response' detected only
      certain genetic differences between mouse strains and was proportional to the
      ratio of stimulator to responder cell number. The NPN staining procedure offers a
      simple and rapid assay of immunoreactivity and a means of studying early
      subcellular changes following lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 158059
TI  - Serotonin involvement in the control of phasic luteinizing hormone release in the
      rat: evidence for a critical period.
AB  - A marked surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) occurs daily at 18.00 h in oestrogen
      treated ovariectomized rats maintained under regular lighting from 06.00 to 20.00
      h. The administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA),p-chloramphetamine or 5,6
      dihydroxytryptamine in treatments designed to cause a severe depletion of brain
      serotonin abolished this daily surge. Synthesis of serotonin may be temporarily
      restored in PCPA-treated animals by the administration of the serotonin
      precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan. The effectiveness with which restoration of
      synthesis resulted in restoration of the LH surge varied according to the time at
      which the precursor was administered, the optimal time being 10.00 h. The results
      suggest that there is an essential, permissive function performed by serotonin in
      the production of the LH surge and that this function occurs during a critical
      period.

PMID- 158061
TI  - Low back pain in family practice: a case control study.
AB  - Eighty-three women between the ages of 25 and 44 years who presented with low
      back pain during a one-year period were compared with a control group of women
      matched by age and socioeconomic status. The patients with low back pain
      presented a larger number of problems to their family physicians during the
      course of the year, but there were no significant differences noted in the
      prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression during their visits, or in the
      number of psychological problems presented by the two groups, or in the number of
      psychoactive medications received for problems other than low back pain. The
      results suggest that low back pain patients may represent a group who more
      readily present their symptoms to physicians but that they are no more likely to
      have psychological problems than similar patients who do not have low back pain.

PMID- 158060
TI  - The induction of hapten-specific immunological tolerance and immunity in B
      lymphocytes. VI. Differential tolerance susceptibility in adult spleen as a
      function of B-cell maturation level.
AB  - The maturation level of the B-lymphocyte subpopulations involved in
      trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific immunological tolerance in adult mice induced by
      the injection of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was investigated using in
      vitro antigen-specific and nonspecific polyclonal stimulation. The maturity of
      the B-cell subsets being studied was defined by the antigen or polyclonal
      activator which evoked a response. Thus, the thymic independent (TI-1) antigen
      TNP-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) and the polyclonal stimulant LPS were used to
      activate immature, neonatal-type B lymphocytes, whereas mature, adult-type B
      cells were responsive to the TI-2 antigen, TNP-Ficoll, and the nonspecific
      activator, purified protein derivative (PPD). Whereas unresponsiveness in TNP-LPS
      reactive (immature) B cells 4 d after TNBS treatment was previously shown to be
      the result of functional deletion, partially reversible receptor blockade was
      detected in this study early after tolerogen treatment. By the 24-h point,
      tolerance was irreversible, as assessed by 24-h of antigen-free incubation and
      cocultivation of tolerant cells with control splenocytes. Tolerance was induced
      more rapidly in immature, TI-1 B cells than in mature TI-2 B lymphocytes. B
      lymphocytes reactive to TNP-Ficoll were also less susceptible to receptor
      blockade. Using LPS as a nonspecific probe for immature B cells, 60% tolerance in
      high affinity TNP-specific cells was induced within 12 h of TNBS treatment, and
      complete unresponsiveness by 24 h. In contrast, no significant decrease in
      response to the mature B-cell activator, PPD, occurred until day 2. Furthermore,
      the 50% tolerance level was achieved in TNP-specific LPS-reactive B cells by 100
      times less tolerogen than required for PPD-responsive cells. Thus, TNBS-induced
      unresponsiveness in cells reactive to TNP-LPS is initially a result of reversible
      receptor blockade which leads within 4 d to functional deletion. Immature, TI-1 B
      lymphocytes, which give polyclonal responses to LPS and antigen-specific
      responses to TNP-LPS, are rendered tolerant to TNBS more rapidly and at lower
      tolerogen does than mature, TI-2 mouse B cells which react polyclonally to PPD
      and specifically to TNP-Ficoll. Moreover, these data show that both the immature
      and the mature B lymphocyts with these characteristic tolerance susceptibilities
      and specific and nonspecific immune response patterns are present in the adult
      mouse spleen.

PMID- 158062
TI  - [Gabriel Decroix (1920-1978)].

PMID- 158063
TI  - [Role of the malleus piston in the restitution of the columellar effect in the
      interrupted chain].

PMID- 158064
TI  - [Technics in the treatment of mandibular fractures and their indication].

PMID- 158065
TI  - [Results of surgery in tympanosclerosis (77 cases)].

PMID- 158066
TI  - [A peculiar stapedo-vestibular ankylosis].

PMID- 158067
TI  - [Facial neuralgia].

PMID- 158069
TI  - Coliphage lambda ghosts obtained by osmotic shock or LiCl treatment are devoid of
      J- and H-gene products.
AB  - We have proved by acrylamide gel electrophoresis that DNA-free ghosts of
      bacteriophage lambda obtained by osmotic shock (S-ghosts), or by incubation in 5
      M-L-Cl (L-ghosts) do not possess the proteins specified by the genes J and H.
      Electron microscopy of L-ghosts showed that they are devoid of the whole tail
      tip, composed of the basal part and the tail fibre. The lack of the J-gene
      product, which is believed to be the tail fibre, explains why S- and L-ghosts do
      not adsorb to susceptible bacteria. Our results suggest that the H-gene product,
      which is modified after translation, is situated in the basal part of the tail.

PMID- 158068
TI  - Characterization of Ca2+-ATPase activity in Streptomyces griseus.
AB  - Ca2+-ATPase activity has been characterized in Streptomyces griseus. The enzyme
      has a pH optimum of 8.5 at 37 degrees C. Its Ca2+ requirement can be substituted
      by Cd2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+. Mg2+ inhibits the enzyme non-competitively.

PMID- 158070
TI  - [Maternal age in trisomy 21].

PMID- 158071
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of monoamines in nerve fibers of the pineal gland in
      golden hamsters.
AB  - Nerve terminals in the pineal glands of control, parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-,
      reserpine- and nialamide-administered hamsters were studied with glutaraldehyde
      dichromate (GD) and formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-dichromate (FGD) techniques in
      the electron microscope. In control pineals treated with the FGD or GD technique,
      clusters of electron dense reactive particles with a diameter of 20-30 nm, and
      mainly located in the perivascular space, were identified as dense cores of the
      small granulated vesicles (SGVs) in the pineal nerve fibers. After the
      administration of PCPA, the reactive cores were greatly decreased in number in
      the FGD-treated pineal blocks, whereas a lot of clusters of reactive cores were
      observed in the perivascular space in GD-treated specimens. After reserpine
      treatment, no reactive structures were revealed by GD or FGD technique. Reactive
      cores appeared to be increased in number and in electron density in GD- or FGD
      treated pineals of hamsters after administration of nialamide. From the
      observations, it is concluded that the dense cores of SGVs in the pineal nerve
      fibers contain both primary catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine although it
      was not determined whether both amines are located in the same or separate
      vesicles.

PMID- 158072
TI  - Nicotinamide deamidase released by neuroblastoma cell cultures.

PMID- 158073
TI  - Differential effects of agonal status on measurements of GABA and glutamate
      decarboxylase in human post-mortem brain tissue from control and Huntington's
      chorea subjects.

PMID- 158074
TI  - Oculomotor disorders in Huntington's chorea.
AB  - Electro-oculographic recordings were obtained from 11 patients with Huntington's
      disease. Significant reduction of saccadic velocity was constantly found. In all
      the patients vertical saccades were much more impaired than horizontal. When
      present, vertical saccades showed long latency, low amplitude, low velocity, and
      disturbances related to blinking. Following movements were jerky, and ability to
      perform repeated rhythmic movements was impaired. These results are in agreement
      with previous observations and underline the selective defect of rapid movements
      as a characteristic feature of Huntington's disease. Further, they suggest a
      possible correlation between the difficulty in performing repeated ocular
      movements and the impaired execution of gestural sequences involving a succession
      of different fundamental movements.

PMID- 158075
TI  - [Studies on tonsillitis from the aspect of protease-antiprotease. 4. Significance
      of the fibrinolytic activity in the circulatory blood in post-tonsillectomy
      bleeding (author's transl)].

PMID- 158076
TI  - Quantitative studies of the mutagenesis of Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - The induction of mutants resistant to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) was used to
      measure the efficiency of various physical and chemical mutagens on extracellular
      and intracellular Toxoplasma gondii. The frequency of resistant mutant was
      measured by plaque assay in human fibroblast cultures in the presence and absence
      of FUDR. When considered as a function of lethality, the most efficient
      mutagenesis was obtained with nitrosoguanidine treatment of extracellular
      parasites and with ethylmethane sulfonate treatment of actively growing
      intracellular parasites. Each of these treatments increased the frequency of FUDR
      resistant mutants from less than one to more than 200 per million parasites.
      Ultraviolet irradiation, X-rays, and the alkylating mustard ICR-191 also induced
      FUDR-resistant mutants in a dose-dependent fashion.

PMID- 158077
TI  - Use of Teflon mesh for repair of abdominal wall defects in neonates.
AB  - Since 1975, we have employed Teflon mesh sutured to the fascial rim in four
      newborns with giant omphaloceles, with approximation of skin flaps over the mesh.
      By stabilizing the anterior abdominal wall, the Teflon mesh has prevented
      formation of large ventral hernias. The mesh has been retained in place for a
      year or longer, until the growth of the child permits excision of the prosthesis
      and fascial approximation without difficulty. A similar technique has been
      successfully employed in a fifth neonate following transabdominal correction of
      congenital bilateral eventration of the diaphragm to avoid unacceptable increase
      in intra-abdominal pressure with primary closure of the abdominal wall. The
      Teflon mesh appears ideally suited for this technique. It is well incorporated
      into the fascial rim with minimal foreign body reaction. At the time of secondary
      repair, the mesh can easily excised from the smooth underlying pseudomembrane
      covering the bowel. All infants achieved stable abdominal walls by this
      technique. Three patients have undergone excision of the Teflon mesh and fascial
      repair at 12, 15, and 36 mo of age without difficulty.

PMID- 158078
TI  - The structure and function of periodontal innervation. A review of the
      literature.

PMID- 158079
TI  - Gingival matrix proteins. The nature of insoluble bovine gingival collagen.

PMID- 158081
TI  - Mitosis in epithelium of murine palatal mucosa in vivo and in vitro. A
      cytokinetic study using colchicine.

PMID- 158080
TI  - Studies on the relative binding affinities of chlorhexidine analogs to cation
      exchange surfaces.

PMID- 158082
TI  - A survey of toothbrushing sequence in children and young adults.

PMID- 158083
TI  - Toothbrushing behaviour in relation to plaque and gingivitis in adolescent
      schoolchildren.

PMID- 158084
TI  - The relationship between gingival inflammation and resistance to probe
      penetration.

PMID- 158085
TI  - The regularity of muscle spindle discharge in man.
AB  - 1. The variability of discharge of thirty-nine muscle spindle afferents from the
      pretibial muscles of normal human subjects was determined for spike train
      sequences recorded with the ankle joint fixed in 25 degrees plantar flexion,
      during further stretch and during graded voluntary contractions of the receptor
      bearing muscle. 2. In non-contracting muscles with the ankle joint in 25 degrees
      plantar flexion, a sustained discharge was maintained by twenty-four of the
      thirty-nine endings. The mean discharge frequency for the active endings was 11.1
      Hz (range 4.8--22.1 Hz), the mean coefficient of variation 0.073 (range 0.021-
      0.183). With further stretch, the discharge of endings maintaining frequencies
      below 10--12 Hz became more regular. For endings maintaining higher frequencies,
      changes in the coefficient of variation were small and occurred in either
      direction. All secondary endings maintained a highly regular discharge, but, at
      these frequencies, there was no statistically significant difference in the
      variability of primary and secondary endings. 3. It is considered that these
      findings are comparable to those of Matthews & Stein (1969) for de-efferented
      feline spindle endings, and support the view that there is no functionally
      effective background fusimotor drive to non-contracting muscles of normal human
      subjects. 4. A voluntary contraction sufficient to accelerate a spindle ending
      invariably decreased the regularity of its afferent discharge. During voluntary
      contractions, coefficients of variation up to 0.345 were recorded. However,
      coefficients as low as 0.1 were not uncommon, and thus the absence of fusimotor
      drive cannot necessarily be inferred from a regular afferent discharge pattern.
      5. With contractions of different strength, the increase in the coefficient of
      variation did not parallel the increase in discharge frequency. It is concluded
      that not all fusimotor influences acting on a spindle ending are translated into
      variability, and that measurements of the variability of discharge do not
      accurately reflect the level of fusimotor drive. 6. The discharge frequency of
      some spindle endings decreased slightly in some contractions and this was
      accompanied by an increase in the variability of discharge. It is suggested that
      contracting extrafusal muscle fibres can modulate the discharge pattern of
      spindle endings and contribute to the variability of discharge during a voluntary
      contraction. 7. In contracting muscles the irregular fusimotor-driven spindle
      discharge contained a 'hidden' periodicity, but this was not as extensive as has
      been reported for the cat. No such periodicity could be demonstrated for spindle
      endings in non-contracting human muscles.

PMID- 158086
TI  - Stressing life events and the experience of low back pain.

PMID- 158087
TI  - A precursor role for DHA in a feto-placental unit for oestrogen formation in the
      mare.
AB  - Plasma levels of total oestrogens and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were measured
      by radioimmunossay in samples taken from various blood vessels in both maternal
      and fetal compartments in 11 Pony mates. High concentrations of oestrogens
      (greater than 100 ng/ml of plasma), expressed as oestrone equivalents, were found
      in the fetal circulation. On both the fetal and maternal sides, oestrogen
      concentrations were lower in blood going to than from the placenta. DHA
      concentrations, on the other hand, were higher in blood flowing to the placenta
      from the fetus. The fetal gonads were seen as the source of DHA, which was
      present in remarkably high concentrations (greater than 800 ng/ml of plasma) in
      venous samples from fetal ovaries and fetal testes. A precursor role in placental
      oestrogen formation is suggested for DHA secretion by the fetal gonads.

PMID- 158089
TI  - Clinical interdisciplinary health team care: an educational experiment.
AB  - With increasing concern for teamwork in clinical practice in health care
      settings, the need to identify the concepts, methods, and learning processes for
      improving interdisciplinary team skills is apparent. This paper describes patient
      centered, clinical-research-demonstration programs for teams of students,
      preceptors, and faculty members from six disciplines who provided patient care in
      a long-term rehabilitation setting. The teams were involved in the theory and
      practice of team-building, including weekly sessions on leadership styles,
      communication, group decision-making, and team effectiveness assessment.
      Objective and subjective measurements were administered throughout the program.
      The results indicate that task-oriented patient care favors the learning of team
      skills, especially when all levels of administration support and participate in
      the processes. Question are raised concerning the effect of clinical teams on the
      quality of patient care, their cost-effectiveness, and the low priority given to
      teaching interdisciplinary team skills in professional education.

PMID- 158088
TI  - Episodic nature of the delta 4-ene and delta 5-ene steroidogenic pathways and
      their relationship to the adreno-gonadal axis in stallions.
AB  - Changes in the daily secretory patterns of testosterone and other 17 beta
      hydroxyandrogen, total oestrogens and total corticoids were investigated in 7
      stallions. Pulsatile fluctuations in plasma hormone levels were found in the
      serial blood samples collected hourly for 24 h in all animals. The plasma
      profiles indicated that corticoids, oestrogens and androgens were secreted
      episodically at all times in stallions. A significant correlation was observed
      between the precursor and products of delta 4-ene and delta 5-ene pathways and in
      inverse correlation (r = -0.68; P less than 0.01) was observed between total
      androgens and total corticoids. The significance of these episodic fluctuations
      of the major steroid hormones are discussed.

PMID- 158090
TI  - Ca2+ translocation in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - Ca2+ uptake into Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was studied at 0 degrees C in the
      presence of mitochondrial inhibitors, conditions that minimized complications
      caused by sequestration of Ca2+ into organelles or by excretion. Under these
      conditions Ruthenium Red inhibited Ca2+ uptake, but other previously implicated
      ions, such as Pi or Mg2+, had no effect. Valinomycin either inhibited or slightly
      stimulated Ca2+ uptake depending on the presence of excess K+ on the outside or
      inside of the cell, respectively. Nigericin inhibited Ca2+ transport. Based on
      these data we propose an electrogenic uptake of Ca2+, possibly via a Ca2+/H+
      antiport mechanism. The observation that glucose inhibited Ca2+ uptake suggested
      that in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells an energy-driven Ca2+ expulsion mechanism is
      operative, similar to that in erythrocytes. Plasma membrane preparations of
      ascites tumor cells were found to contain a Ca2+-dependent ATPase. These
      preparations, when incorporated into liposomes in an inside-out orientation,
      catalyzed an ATP-dependent uptake of Ca2+.

PMID- 158091
TI  - Comparison of respiratory mortality in the profoundly mentally retarded and in
      the less retarded.
AB  - Autopsy records of 600 profoundly retarded and 405 less retarded were examined
      for a thirty-one-year period at Pacific State Hospital. The profoundly retarded
      were found to have more respiratory infections at autopsy, and more deaths of
      such infections. Profound retardation was a particularly outstanding risk when in
      combination with epilepsy, inability to ambulate, and developmental cranial
      anomalies. Non-infectious respiratory morbidity and mortality are more common in
      the less retarded, apparently because of their living longer to develop these
      complications.

PMID- 158092
TI  - The EEG and incidence of epilepsy in Down's syndrome.
AB  - In this series of one hundred and twenty-eight adults with Down's syndrome nearly
      half (i.e. 42.2 per cent) developed a normal EEG. This would appear to bear out
      the findings of Gregoziades and Pampiglione (1966) that older children with this
      syndrome tended to have tracings similar to the normal child. The youngest age
      group of fifteen to twenty-four years developed a normal tracing in 38.9 per cent
      of cases. The most frequent abnormality was an excess of theta, in keeping with
      the suggestion of Godinova and Hirai and Izawa that this was due to immaturity.
      Neither the presence of congenital heart disease nor diabetes nor intercurrent
      illness appeared to have any effect on the development of seizures. Epilepsy
      developed at any time during adult life but, not surprisingly, the five cases
      developing it had shown sharp or paroxysmal activity previously. Two had suffered
      from fainting attacks. In one, the diagnosis was confirmed later by a typical
      grand mal seizure and the other by response to anticonvulsants. Neither suffered
      from congenital heart disease.

PMID- 158093
TI  - The effect of early intervention and pre-school stimulus on the development of
      the Down's syndrome child.
AB  - This paper describes the effect on a group of D.S. children of early and
      continuous parental counselling together with intensive pre-school stimulation in
      which the parents were fully involved. The stimulated group is compared with a
      similar group who developed unaided in their own homes, and with a third group
      who were institutionalised before their second birthday. Developmental Clinics in
      East Kent providing the stimulus are described. The effects of social class,
      parental age and family pattern were noted. The tests used were the Griffiths'
      Developmental and Stanford-Binet Scales, and the school placement at five years
      was studied. The results show that the stimulated group score higher on the IQ
      and DQ tests and particularly on Personal Social and Speech Development. School
      placement acts as an unbiased measurement of progress, and suggests that they are
      more easily integrated into the normal community.

PMID- 158094
TI  - Discrimination of size, form and order in mongol and other mentally handicapped
      children.
AB  - 136 mongol, 129 non-mongol subnormal and 152 normal children were tested in a
      series of experiments to determine visual discrimination and perceptual skills in
      size, form and order. An attempt was made to demonstrate possible differences in
      strategies and behaviour in the groups, particularly in the mongol group. It was
      shown that, in spite of contrary impressions arising from results of normal
      standardised tests, in these three groups matched on M.A., there was no
      significant difference in performance when extraneous developmental factors were
      eliminated. The literature relating to this is discussed. There was further
      support for the existing experimental evidence that poor short-term memory for
      visual stimuli in terms of size, form and order is a characteristic weakness of
      subnormal groups. No relationship was found between M.A. and visual perceptual
      tasks in any group; supporting the theory that perceptual skills develop
      independently. A peculiar phenomenon was discovered in the mongol group
      significant enough to warrant further investigation, viz. a distinctive form of
      perseveration and a related and clearly marked tendency to order reversal.
      Suggestions are made and possible reasons presented for this, but, at this stage,
      without experimental backing.

PMID- 158096
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis induced by Escherichia coli in mice (proceedings)].

PMID- 158097
TI  - Analysis of coliphage lambda mutations that affect Q gene activity: puq, byp, and
      nin5.
AB  - We describe in this paper the isolation and characterization of a class of
      mutations, designated puq, that allow phage lambda to grow better under
      conditions that limit the synthesis of the phage Q gene product. These mutations
      were located between phage genes P and Q, a region of the lambda chromosome
      containing two gene N-independent mutations, nin5 and byp, that we also show to
      be puq mutations. Whereas the puq-3 and puq-16 mutations probably map under the
      nin5 deletion, the byp mutation maps between this deletion and the Q lambda-Q phi
      80 crossover point. These mutations likely act by increasing the synthesis of the
      Q gene product. We demonstrate that the clear-plaque phenotype and reduced
      lysogenization frequency of byp mutants depend on increased Q gene activity. The
      significance of these results in understanding how transcription proceeds through
      the P-Q region of the lambda genome is discussed.

PMID- 158098
TI  - qin101: Promoter mutation which allows the constitutive expression of the late
      genes.
AB  - We describe the isolation and characterization of a mutant (lambda qin101) which
      renders lambda growth Q independent. We have shown that this mutation creates a
      new promoter, located between genes P and Q, which results in the constitutive
      expression of the entire Q late region.

PMID- 158099
TI  - Physical map of bacteriophage BF23 DNA: terminal redundancy and localization of
      single-chain interruptions.
AB  - The DNA of bacteriophage BF23 possesses two structural features, localized single
      chain interruptions and a large terminal repetition, previously described for T5,
      a closely related virus. As is the case for T5, single-chain interruptions occur
      with variable frequencies at a small number of fixed sites within one strand of
      the double-stranded BF23 genome. The sites where interruptions occur with the
      highest frequencies were napped by an electrophoretic analysis of the single
      stranded fragments produced by denaturation of BF23 DNA. The positions of these
      fragments were determined by degrading BF23 DNA to various extents with lambda
      exonuclease and observing the relative order with which they were (i) degraded or
      (ii) released intact from the undenatured duplex. The exact locations of the
      interruptions were determined from analysis of analogous duplex fragments
      produced by degrading exonuclease III-treated BF23 DNA with a single-strand
      specific endonuclease. BF23 has five principal sites (located at 7.9, 18.7, 32.4,
      65.8, and 99.6% from the left end of the DNA) where interruptions occur in most
      molecules. The principal interruptions in T5 DNA occur at similar positions. The
      locations of eight secondary interruptions in BF23 DNA were also determined. In
      general, BF23 DNA has fewer secondary interruptions than t5 dna, although there
      is at least one location where an interruption occurs with a greater frequency in
      BF23. The presence of a terminal repetition in BF23 DNA was demonstrated by
      annealing ligase-repaired molecules that had been partially digested with lambda
      exonuclease. If the complementary sequences at both ends of the DNA were exposed
      by exonuclease treatment, the duplex segment that resulted from annealing could
      be released by digestion with a single-strand-specific endonuclease. This segment
      was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and found to represent 8.4% of BF23
      DNA.

PMID- 158100
TI  - Experimental infection of white-tailed deer with Elaeophora schneideri.
AB  - An attempt was made to infect fawn and adult white-tailed deer, Odocoileus
      virginianus, with Elaeophora schneideri. Experimental infection of fawns caused a
      relative eosinophilia that persisted. Obstruction of a coronary artery caused
      death of one fawn, and weakness, dyspnea, and locomotor difficulties were
      observed in another fawn and an adult. Plaque-like lesions were observed grossly
      in the intimal lining of carotid arteries, and subintimal thickening and
      proliferation of fibrous tissue in vessel walls were observed microscopically.
      Nematodes were recovered from 3 of 4 fawns and 0 of 4 adults, suggesting an age
      related resistance in older animals. Microfilariae were recovered via facial skin
      biopsy of a single fawn. This study suggests that white-tailed deer serve as
      usual hosts for E. schneideri, although the host-parasite relationship may be
      tenuous.

PMID- 158101
TI  - Gallium citrate Ga 67 scans and aortic prostheses.

PMID- 158103
TI  - [Deviation in steroid hormone secretion in essential hypertension].

PMID- 158102
TI  - Erythrocytes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 158104
TI  - [Therapy of acute keratoconus].
AB  - The author made a series of observations in 17 cases of acute keratoconus. He
      performed perforating keratoplasties on 18 eyes of 16 patients promptly in the
      acute phases. The results were the same as after keratoplasty in cases of simple
      keratoconus. He informs of his observations regarding the probable causes of
      bringing about the acute phase.

PMID- 158105
TI  - [The histological substrate of the extraocular muscle thickening seen in
      dysthyroid orbitopathy (author's transl)].
AB  - The diagnosis of dysthyroid orbitopathy can be confirmed in over 80% of cases by
      demonstrating thickened extraocular muscles on computertomograms. The criteria
      are briefly discussed and the histological picture of the muscle thickening is
      described. The changes are variable and depend upon the course of the disease.
      Fatty infiltration is the most important factor causing muscle thickening,
      mucopolysaccharide deposition and fibrosis contribute less to the increased
      muscle volume, while inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of the
      endomysium play a minor role. The fatty infiltration and fibrosis, representing
      late changes, are probably therapy resistant in contrast to the other changes.

PMID- 158106
TI  - [Decreased serum protein binding of glymidine in icteric liver disease and its
      partial correction with charcoal (author's transl].
AB  - In patients with hyperbilirubinemic liver disease serum protein binding of the
      antidiabetic agent glymidine is reduced considerably. After treatment of the
      serum with charcoal the reduced glymidine binding can be assimilated partly, but
      not completely, to the glymidine binding in healthy subjects. It may be concluded
      there from that the reduced glymidine binding in patients with hyperbilirubinemic
      liver disease has to be partly caused by substances which are retained in the
      blood of these patients. Besides bilirubin, other substances must be responsible
      herefore. Bilirubin, when added in vitro to the serum of healthy subjects, is not
      able to decrease glymidine binding to a degree similar to the results obtained in
      the patients with liver disease.

PMID- 158107
TI  - Eradication of the pinworm Syphacia obvelata from an animal unit by anthelmintic
      therapy.
AB  - Thiabendazole incorporated in the diet at a rate of 0.1%, fed to all animals over
      a period of 3 months, successfully eliminated the parasite from the colony.
      Samples taken 12 months after treatment were still negative for the parasite.
      During the period between the discovery of the organism and the preparation of
      the diet a course of piperazine citrate was administered at a rate of 2 g/litre
      in the drinking water in order to limit the spread of the infection.

PMID- 158108
TI  - The use of a rapid new technique in the demonstration of cutaneous
      catecholamines.

PMID- 158109
TI  - Histochemical analysis of changes in the activity of phosphatases and ATPase in
      rat small intestine after irradiation with sublethal dose of X-rays.

PMID- 158110
TI  - Histochemical evaluation of the behaviour of polysaccharides in the jejunal
      epithelium of chronic alcoholics during alcohol abuse and abstinence.

PMID- 158111
TI  - [Therapy of rhinophyma on the tip and sides of the nose].
AB  - The commonly used methods of removing a Rhinophyma are described. An own
      modificated decortations-excisions-technique in the area of the tip of the nose
      and the wings of the nose will be demonstrated.

PMID- 158112
TI  - Maintenance of cochlear function with artificial oxygen carriers.
AB  - By means of vascular perfusion via the anterior inferior cerebellar artery with a
      blood substitute containing the perfluorochemical FC 47 as oxygen carrier, it is
      possible to maintain normal or near normal levels of the cochlear microphonics
      and the endolymphatic potential of the guinea pig for perios of 90 min, or
      longer. Following 60 min. of perfusion with artificial blood, the levels of ATP
      and 5' AMP in the stria vascularis and the organ of Corti are comparable to those
      of nonperfused control animals maintained at optimal metabolic conditions.
      Following the same period of perfusion, the appearance of the organ of Corti is
      normal, but small vacuoles, presumably deposits of FC 47, are visible in the
      marginal cells of the stria vascularis. Preliminary experiments concerning the
      survival time and the revival time of the cochlear potentials, as well as the
      response to furosemide, ouabain, and mersalyl are presented to illustrate the
      value of this method in elucidating various biochemical and pharmacological
      problems of the cochlea.

PMID- 158113
TI  - Interactions of beef heart mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase and aurovertin.

PMID- 158114
TI  - Morphine mydriasis in mice.

PMID- 158115
TI  - Interaction of rat brain microtubule proteins and 6S tubulin with rabbit skeletal
      muscle actomysin.

PMID- 158116
TI  - Apparent maintenance of cytochrome P 450 by nicotinamide in primary cultures of
      rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 158117
TI  - Effect of chemical modification of cytoplasmic activator protein on human red
      cell membrane Ca++ + Mg+ ATPase.

PMID- 158118
TI  - Regulation of ATP-dependent Ca-uptake of synaptic plasma membranes by Ca
      dependent modulator protein.

PMID- 158119
TI  - Leg extension power and muscle fiber composition.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to relate muscle fiber composition to the
      isokinetic measure of peak torque production through a range of leg extension
      velocities. Twenty-one males were biopsied from the vastus lateralis muscle to
      determine their percent distribution of slow twitch (%ST) and fast twitch (%FT)
      muscle fibers as identified through myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase
      activity. All subjects showed a decline in peak torque with increasing
      velocities. Subjects with predominantly FT fibers were able to generate 11, 16,
      23 and 47 percent greater relative peak torque than could predominantly ST
      subjects at lever arm velocities of 115, 200, 287 and 400 degrees/second
      respectively. Likewise the correlation between relative torque production and %
      FT were significant (p less than .05) and increased from r = 0.44 to r = 0.75 as
      velocity increased from 115 to 400 degrees/second respectively. These data
      suggest that muscle fiber composition becomes increasingly more related to power
      performance as the velocity of movement increases.

PMID- 158120
TI  - [Treatment of lumbar pain. Experiences with the Prosana belt].

PMID- 158121
TI  - Teachers' perceptions of behavior problems with severely and profoundly
      handicapped students.

PMID- 158122
TI  - A study of the organisation of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene cluster of
      Neurospora crassa by means of restriction endonuclease analysis and cloning in
      bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - 1. Total Neurospora crassa DNA was restricted with endonucleases and fragments
      carrying rRNA coding sequences were identified by hybridization with Xenopus
      laevis ribosomal DNA probes. 2. The repeating unit of the rRNA gene cluster was
      found to be 8.6 kbp, arranged in a head-to-tail fashion. 3. Digestion with Hind
      III yielded fragments of 3.4 kbp and 5.2 kbp and both were cloned. 4. Digestion
      with Eco RI yielded fragments of 2.2 kbp, 3.0 kbp and 3.4 kbp; the 3.0 kbp
      fragment was cloned. 5. Sequences coding for RNA (S-rRNA)1 of the smaller
      subribosomal particle were found (at least 90%) in the 2.2 kbp EcoRI subfragment
      of the 5.2 kbp Hind III fragment. 6. The coding sequences for the major RNA
      species (L-rRNA) of the larger subribosomal particle were located mainly (at
      least 95%) in the 3.4 kbp Hind III fragment. 7. For comparison, a Hind III digest
      of total yeast DNA was cloned and recombinants containing a 6.4 kbp rDNA fragment
      were isolated.

PMID- 158123
TI  - An implantable colloid osmometer. Measurements in subcutis and skeletal muscle of
      rats.

PMID- 158124
TI  - In vitro immune response of human peripheral lymphocytes. II. Properties and
      functions of concanavalin A-induced suppressor T cells.
AB  - Con A-stimulation of human peripheral T lymphocytes induced both suppressor and
      helper T cells. ConA-generated suppressor T cells inhibited PWM-induced IgG and
      IgM production in PBL. Lower concentrations of Con A (0.5 micrograms/ml) or
      shorter incubation periods (6 to 24 hr) induced mainly helper T cells, while
      higher concentrations of Con A (10 micrograms/ml) or longer incubation periods
      (at least 48 hr) induced suppressor T cells. Con A-generated suppressor T cells
      were sensitive to mitomycin treatment and exerted their suppressor function on
      the early phase of differentiation and/or proliferation of B cells but not on the
      final differentiation of B cells to Ig-producing cells. The identity of the MHC
      was not required for the expression of suppressor function. Suppressor T cells
      competed with helper T cells in PWM-induced Ig-production of PBL. This
      experimental system can be applied to estimate the regulatory function of T cells
      in several disease states.

PMID- 158125
TI  - Restriction by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-induced T
      lymphocyte proliferation in new inbred guinea pig strains.

PMID- 158126
TI  - [Determination of the glucose reserves in the water of the Rybinsk reservoir].
AB  - The concentrations of glucose (Km + Sn) was determined by the method of Parson
      and Strickland in the water of the Rybinsk and Sheksna Reservoirs. It varied from
      11 to 31 mcg C per litre and reached 380 mcg C per litre in swamp waters. The
      rate of glucose assimilation by the microflora varied from 0.02 to 0.56 mcg C per
      litre per hour and reached 5--7 mcg C per litre per hour in contaminated waters.

PMID- 158127
TI  - [Spread of strongyloidiasis among the population of the region of the Lesser
      Caucasus in the Azerbajani SSR].

PMID- 158128
TI  - [Discovery of Anopheles maculipennis maculipennis Meig. in Uzbekistan].

PMID- 158129
TI  - [1st case of finding the nematode, Dirofilaria repens Railliet et Henry, 1911
      (Spirurida, Filaridae) in a human being in the Crimea].

PMID- 158130
TI  - Current concepts of back pain.

PMID- 158131
TI  - Histoarchitectonics of the fetal thymus. A three-dimensional model study.
AB  - Comparative studies on three-dimensional models give new possibilities in
      examination of the internal and external evolution of the thymus, phenomena that
      occur concomitantly with the histogenesis of the organ during the fetal life
      period. During the antenatal period, the invasion and burgeoning of capillaries
      represent a strong potential of biostimulation with a special role in organizing
      and determining thymus lobulation.

PMID- 158132
TI  - [Vital fluorochroming showing the effect of cyclophosphamide on the embryo].
AB  - Besides the usual methods, vital fluorochroming may globally show the extent of
      the cytotoxic effect of Cyclophosphamide (CP). By intravital treatment with
      highly diluted fluorochromes (acridine-orange, etc.) necrobiotic and dead cells,
      cell debris and phagosomes appear electively fluorescent. Glycosaminoglycans and
      various mucopolysaccharides show a somewhat weaker fluorescence. Autopods and the
      mesencephalon were selected for comparative assessment of the effect of other
      cytotoxic agents. Important results were also obtained by the repeated
      examination of blood (erythrocytes) and of hemopoetic foci. Cytotoxic effect
      within the embryo, teratogenesis and chemotherapeutic action are strongly
      correlated.

PMID- 158134
TI  - Histochemical study of leucine aminopeptidase in leukemia.
AB  - By means of a histochemical method, the leucine aminopeptidase activity was
      studied in human normal and leukemic peripheral blood. Before administration of
      cytostatics the enzymic activity was high in the cytoplasm of blasts and in the
      nuclei of segmented cells. After therapy the activity of leucine aminopeptidase
      in blasts decreased, while in polymorphs it became negative in nuclei and
      positive in their cytoplasm. The non-granular leukocytes and platelets displayed
      a weak enzymic activity both in normal and malignant blood cells. The
      erythrocytes were negative.

PMID- 158133
TI  - Trichinous nephropathy.
AB  - Lesions of glomerular nephropathy were found in 5 cases of acute trichinosis,
      characterized by a low proteinuria and hematuria as well as by moderate deficit
      of the renal function. Renal biopsy revealed lesions of proliferative
      glomerulitis, while immunofluorescence examination showed granular deposits of
      IgG and beta1-C-globulin on basement membranes. Serum complement was reduced.
      These observations suggest an immunological mechanism in the development of the
      glomerular nephropathy during acute trichinosis.

PMID- 158135
TI  - Pulmonary blastoma.
AB  - A case of pulmonary blastoma in a 8-year-old girl is reported. The
      histopathologic analysis evidenced carcinomatous tubes with several cell layers
      developing into a mesenchymal cell mass with undifferentiated elements forming a
      dendroreticulated network with minimal endothelial, fibroblastic and collagenous
      differentiations. The initial tumoral formation within the lower left lobe was
      rapidly followed after resection by a local recidive and nine months later by a
      voluminous metastatic formation within the upper left lobe, radiologically
      treated. Discussion of the histopathologic characteristics of this case supports
      the hypothesis of a peculiar neoplastic entity of the lung, in which only the
      epithelial component of the lung was involved, while the mesenchymal mass
      presented an unaffected fetal structure.

PMID- 158136
TI  - Spleen and lymph node changes in rats irradiated with X-rays and treated with
      testosterone.
AB  - The authors have studied the effect of testosterone administration in male adult
      Wistar rats irradiated with a single total dose of 800 r X-rays. The results
      obtained show that testosterone exerts a double radioprotective action. This
      hormone prevents both the occurrence of the senile type spleen and lymph node
      changes and the depression of the colloidopexic capacity of the hepatosplenic
      macrophages. At the same time, these results suggest that testosterone induces
      hyperplasia of the lymphocytic elements, particularly of T lymphocytes.

PMID- 158137
TI  - Behaviour of mucopolysaccharides of Kupffer cells in experimental mercury
      hepatitis.
AB  - A reaction of Kupffer cells with changes of mucopolysaccharides is shown during
      experimental mercury hepatitis. An initial diminution of the reaction intensity
      is followed by the increase of MPS polymerization degree. Association of effort
      leads to a significant increase of the A-PAS reaction. The lympho-histiocytes
      infiltrating portal spaces present the same MPS dynamics.

PMID- 158139
TI  - Metabolic activations of dimethylnitrosamine by male and female mice and rats to
      metabolites mutagenic in Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 158138
TI  - Infection in vitro of the human pulmonary macrophage with Staphylococcus aureus
      (bacteriologic and ultrastructural observations).
AB  - Alveolar macrophages from exeresis fragments taken from patients operated for
      pulmonary cancer were infected in vitro with Staphylococcus aureus. Part of the
      investigation was carried out in the presence of an antibiotic (pyopen)
      introduced in the culture medium. Bacteriologic seeding from an extracellular
      medium and from lyzed cells showed a greater intracellular multiplication rate.
      In the presence of pyopen there was a decrease in the number of germs due to the
      inhibition of multiplication. Electron microscopy revealed reduced phagolysosomal
      fusion, aspects of bacterial multiplication and the coexistence of intact
      bacteria and bacteria presenting structural alterations. The results suggest the
      importance of cellular parasitism in the chronic evolution of infectious
      bronchopulmonary processes.

PMID- 158140
TI  - Loaded-shopping-bag syndrome.

PMID- 158142
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of treatment of low backache by acupuncture or
      suggesting (preliminary report)].
AB  - In a group of 34 patients with lumbosacral pain acupuncture was applied in 18
      cases and suggestion in 16 cases and the results of both methods were compared.
      The therapeutic effects were evaluated immediately after the procedure and after
      a series of 4 procedures. The therapeutic results were better both immediately
      and after a series of acupuncture. The difference in the results of treatment was
      statistically significant in the patients with longest duration of pains.
      Presence of degenerative spinal changes was without influence on the results of
      treatment by both methods.

PMID- 158141
TI  - Large-scale preparation of synaptosomes from bovine brain using a zonal rotor
      technique.
AB  - A zonal rotor technique for the preparation of synaptosomes in bulk from bovine
      brain frontal cortex based on an impirical transformation of a small-volume
      discontinuous sucrose density gradient arrangement is presented in detail. The
      procedure yields new information concerning synaptosomes prepared in sucrose
      gradients. Cerebroside analysis and electron microscopy show myelin contamination
      to be restricted to the leading, less dense edge of the synaptosomal profile,
      free mitochondria to the trailing, more dense edge. Exclusion of fringe areas
      yields a highly purified synaptosome preparation which entirely enters the next
      dense layer beyond the 0.8 : 1.2 M sucrose interface. This interface collects
      most of the oubain-sensitive (Na+, K+) adenosine triphosphatase activity. The
      purified synaptosomes display very high intrinsic sialidase activity and are rich
      in di-, tri-, and tetrasialogangliosides, the preferred substrates for the
      enzyme. Up to 90% of the cholinesterase activity in the zonal rotor synaptosome
      preparation is specific acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 158144
TI  - INH therapy: benefits versus risks.

PMID- 158143
TI  - The effect of chlorpromazine on bioenergetic processes in chromaffin granule
      membranes.

PMID- 158145
TI  - [The rational use of topical corticosteroids. New trends in long-term treatment].

PMID- 158146
TI  - [Dr. Hans Harmsen].

PMID- 158147
TI  - [Atypical mycobacteria in swimming-pool water (author's transl)].

PMID- 158149
TI  - [Hygienico-bacteriological examination of critical units of Hamburg state
      hospitals (author's transl)].

PMID- 158148
TI  - [Waste deposit responsible for mass death of fish? (author's transl)].

PMID- 158150
TI  - [On roasted coffee for coffee-sensitive persons (author's transl)].

PMID- 158151
TI  - [The century of the child. Psychological remarks from the viewpoint of health
      education].

PMID- 158152
TI  - [Childrens maintenance costs without compensation and birth-recession without
      conversion (author's transl)].

PMID- 158153
TI  - [Hygienico-bacteriological aspects of local inspections of ice cream factories
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 158154
TI  - [Epidemiologic relationships between frequency of salmonellae in surface waters
      and sewage and incidence of human salmonellosis in Hamburg (1969--1978) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 158155
TI  - [Problems of child welfare in the Third World].

PMID- 158156
TI  - [In reference to the position of the Federal Association of Physicians in the
      Public Health Service on legislation of public health service--public health law
      (GDG)--of Schleswig-Holstein. 6/1979, p. 394-5].

PMID- 158157
TI  - Dacron mesh fixation.

PMID- 158158
TI  - [Bone morphogenesis of the secondary palate in human embryo trisomy].

PMID- 158160
TI  - [Family screening studies on the obstructive form of cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 158159
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of laparoscopy and echosonography in liver diseases].

PMID- 158161
TI  - Rhinophyma in tuberous sclerosis.
AB  - Search of the literature thus far indicates no prior description of rhinophyma
      occuring in tuberous sclerosis. There have been numerous reports of the usual
      skin lesion, adenoma sebaceum, together with the associated manifestations of
      severe mental retardation and convulsive seizures. In a 27-year-old woman, full
      blown, severely deforming rhinophyma had its onset one year prior to her hospital
      admission. The family, horrified by her appearance, desired surgical
      intervention. The report includes a review of the literature and a description of
      the patient and of the surgical technique employed. The question of the
      desirability and difficulty involved in skin grafting is discussed, as are the
      microscopic findings and postoperative course. Particular attention is directed
      toward differential diagnosis and associated findings.

PMID- 158162
TI  - [Blood digestion and the formation of a plague block in Ceratophyllus tesquorum
      fleas].
AB  - The fleas of C. tesquorum are characterized by high protease activity in the
      epithelium and contents of the stomach, quick hemolysis of erythrocytes and low
      blood coagulation. Rare blockformation in C. tesquorum and its long terms under
      experimental conditions are apparently associated with changes in the quantity of
      plague microbes in the digestive tract depending on the stage of blood digestion:
      reduced during the hemolysis of erythrocytes and increased when it was over.

PMID- 158163
TI  - [Flagellata isolated from sandflies in various zones of Turkmenia and their
      related cultures of the causative agents of leishmaniasis and the Leishmania of
      reptiles].
AB  - 188 strains of Flagella from 6 species of sand flies and 42 strains from reptiles
      were isolated in various landscape-geographic zones of Turkmenia. 70 and 35
      strains of Flagellata isolate from sand flies were studied by means of bio-assay
      on white mice and by the Adler's serological method (modification of Safjanova),
      respectively. 64 strains of Flagellata of different origin were studied by means
      of "temperature" method. It has been established that the transmission of the
      agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis takes place nearly throughout the whole
      territory of Turkmenia. To identify an unknown strain of Leishmania by means of
      the Adler's method an antiserum for any studied "standard" strain of different
      species of Leishmania is enough to be used.

PMID- 158164
TI  - [Myxobolus tauricus sp. n., a new species of myxosporidians (Cnidosporidia:
      Myxosporidia) from the Crimean barbel].
AB  - While studying the parasite fauna of freshwater fishes of the Crimea (1971 to
      1977) a new species of myxosporidians, Myxobolus tauricus sp. n., from Barbus
      tauricus (Kessler, 1887) was erected. A description, figure and differential
      diagnosis are given. The location sites are indicated as follows: the rivers
      Salgir, Alma, Bijuk-Karasu, Chernaja, Uchan-Su (the Crimea, USSR). The places of
      localization are indicated too: gills, fins, liver, kidneys, urinary bladder,
      brain, spiral cord, muscles.

PMID- 158165
TI  - [Evaluation of laparoscopy in early detection of ovarian tumors and gonadal
      dysgenesis].

PMID- 158166
TI  - Effect of thymic humoral factor on cellular immune factors of normal children and
      of pediatric patients with ataxia telangiectasia and Down's syndrome.
AB  - Cellular immune functions of nine Down's syndrome patients and of nine was Ataxia
      telangiectasia vs. nine normal children and nine cord bloods, were evaluated
      using in vitro assays of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The in vitro assays
      included E rosette formation, antilymphocytic cytotoxicity by an antithymic
      antiserum and leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) production. The
      mitogens and antigens used were phytohemagglutinin, purified protein derivative,
      and monilia antigen. The effect of a thymic hormone (THF) on these parameters was
      evaluated and it was administered therapeutically to three Down's syndrome
      patients and to two patients with Ataxia telangiectasia. Most deficient T-cell
      functions were reversed to normal after incubation of the lymphocytes with THF,
      or after THF therapeutic administration. In two Down's syndrome cases, the
      clinical course was not altered by THF administration, while one seemed to
      benefit from it markedly. One of the Atactic patients recovered from a severe
      viral infection, while the other died from intractable bronchopneumonia.

PMID- 158168
TI  - [Effectiveness of introducing intensive therapy methods into the practice of
      central district hospitals].

PMID- 158167
TI  - [Analysis of the age ratio in the frequency of acute leukemia cases].

PMID- 158169
TI  - [Role of a department of pediatrics in organizing medical care for the pediatric
      population and in raising physician qualifications].

PMID- 158170
TI  - Changes in the capillarity of skeletal muscle in the growing rat.
AB  - Capillary density (CD), capillary to fiber ratio (C/F), fiber cross sectional
      area (FCSA) and fiber composition were measured in the soleus and the
      gastrocnemius (medial head) muscles of rats weighing between 99 and 666 g. Muscle
      samples obtained from the anesthetized animal were rapidly frozen (-130 degrees
      C) sliced transversely at 16--18 micrometers, and treated histochemically by the
      ATPase method after preincubation at pH's of 4.0 and 4.4 to visualize capillaries
      and typify fibers. In both muscles the FCSA was positively related to body weight
      (BW) and muscle weight. At a given BW, the FCSA of the soleus was greater than
      that of the gastrocnemius. In both muscles CD decreased hyperbolically with FCSA
      (soleus: CD = 1.0613 X 10(6)/FCSA + 298.71; gastrocnemium: CD = 1.0349 X
      10(6)/FCSA + 240.74). At the same time a positive linear correlation between C/F
      and FCSA was found (soleus: C/F = 3.92 X 10(-4) FCSA + 0.82; gastrocnemius: C/F =
      2.90 X 10(-4) FCSA + 0.93). At a given FCSA, CD and C/F were greater in the
      soleus than in the gastrocnemius because of differences in fiber composition
      between the two muscles. The soleus had only oxidative fibers (STO and FTOG)
      whereas the gastrocnemius had 54% glycolytic fibers (FTG). The very large
      variability in CD and C/F values reported in the literature could, in part, be
      due to the differences in capillarity observed with maturation. A change in fiber
      composition with BW was observed in the soleus, but no systematic change occurred
      in the gastrocnemius.

PMID- 158171
TI  - [Caries prevention in the physically and mentally handicapped].

PMID- 158172
TI  - [Anxiety reduction and treatment aids].

PMID- 158173
TI  - [Corns and warts].

PMID- 158174
TI  - [Recording of shunt of the interatrial and interventricular septums and tricuspid
      valve insufficiency by pulse Doppler flowmeters].

PMID- 158175
TI  - The handicapped child.

PMID- 158176
TI  - The handicapped child: waking from a nightmare.

PMID- 158177
TI  - The handicapped child: the handicapped school leaver.

PMID- 158178
TI  - The handicapped child: the Beckly Adventure Playground, Plymouth.

PMID- 158179
TI  - Classification of intrinsic handicaps.

PMID- 158180
TI  - Disease: its cause and effect. 2: Inherited and congenital disorders.

PMID- 158181
TI  - Through the eyes of the child.

PMID- 158182
TI  - Through the eyes of the child: parents who need care too.

PMID- 158183
TI  - [Incidence of lumbosacral pain syndrome in workers of textile industry in the
      city of Lodz according to the questionnaires].

PMID- 158185
TI  - Rupture of the inferior epigastric artery.

PMID- 158184
TI  - Management of hypercalcemia.
AB  - Hypercalcemia calls first for supportive measures, eg, adequate hydration,
      movement or mobilization of the patient to the greatest amount tolerated, and
      reevaluation of drugs being taken. When immediate lowering of the serum calcium
      level is not clinically mandatory, oral administration of furosemide,
      corticosteroid, or phosphorus should be considered. In acute emergencies, saline
      loading and parenteral furosemide therapy should be tried first, except in a
      patient with renal failure and congestive heart failure, in whom peritoneal
      dialysis or hemodialysis should be used instead. Calcitonin can be given for the
      first 12 to 24 hours to lower serum calcium concentration until a definitive
      management plan is formulated. Corticosteroid, if not contraindicated, should be
      started as soon as possible. In severe primary hyperparathyroidism with
      hypophosphatemia, phosphorus can be given intravenously until oral phosphate
      therapy can be established. Surgery, of course, should be performed as soon as
      possible. In most cases of neoplasia, mithramycin given according to a
      recommended schedule is safe and frequently effective. In desperate cases,
      additional use of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors probably now is justified by
      empirical observations. All of these therapeutic measures are used only to
      stabilize electrolyte balance so that the primary cause of the hypercalcemia can
      be treated.

PMID- 158186
TI  - Treatment of backache with local injections.

PMID- 158187
TI  - Acute lumbar strain: clinical signs and prognosis.

PMID- 158188
TI  - Health problems in motor vehicle manufacture.

PMID- 158189
TI  - [Brigade method of conducting mass tuberculin diagnosis with children].

PMID- 158191
TI  - Pandora's box.

PMID- 158190
TI  - [Epidemiological differences in newly diagnosed cases and relapses of pulmonary
      tuberculosis in adults].

PMID- 158192
TI  - A new technique for production of chronic atrial septal defect in cat without
      thoracotomy.

PMID- 158193
TI  - Hyperphagia following intraventricular p-chlorophenylalanine-, leucine- or
      tryptophan-methyl esters: lack of correlation with whole brain serotonin levels.
AB  - The methylester hydrochlorides of DL-p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), L-leucine and
      L-tryptophan were intraventricularly administered to rats. All compounds produced
      increased food intake compared to saline administration. PCPA and leucine
      administration significantly decreased serotonin levels by 15--18%, while no
      serotonin depletion occurred following tryptophan injections. The data suggest
      that intraventricular injections of large quantities of neutral amino acid methyl
      esters may cause hyperphagia in rats through non-serotonergic effects on brain
      function.

PMID- 158194
TI  - Residential care of the elderly in Britain today.

PMID- 158195
TI  - Attitudes of educators toward handicapped and non-handicapped children.

PMID- 158196
TI  - Masked depressions in obstetrics and gynecology.
AB  - The development of psychosomatic symptoms should not be viewed exclusively under
      the aspect of anxiety or defense against anxiety. In another study, we have shown
      that affects other than anxiety can lead to functional obstetric disturbances
      (2). The insight that depressions, above all masked depressions can be the basis
      of many psychosomatic symptoms in obstetrics and gynecology paves the way for
      good therapeutic possibilities in many cases that have been resistant to therapy
      heretofore. Antidepressants often bring prompt relief from symptoms.
      Psychotherapy is possible in numerous cases following success in prescribing
      antidepressants.

PMID- 158197
TI  - Renal effects of renal X irradiation and induced autoallergic glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 158198
TI  - [Risk of development of eczema in various occupations].

PMID- 158199
TI  - [The radiographic diagnosis of posterior dislocation of the shoulder (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In spite of its clinical features, the diagnosis of posterior dislocation of the
      shoulder is often missed. The authors considered that this is due to an
      inadequate analysis of the x-rays. They show that the diagnosis can be made on an
      antero-posterior x-ray and describe the findings in fourteen cases. They note a
      modification of the gleno-humera line and the features of the associated
      impaction fracture. A lateral view is necessary to make the diagnosis certain, an
      axillary view being preferred to a trans-thoracic late-femoral head or of the
      posterior glenoid margin.

PMID- 158200
TI  - [The use of threaded pins for internal fixation after correction of pectus
      excavatum (author's transl)].

PMID- 158201
TI  - [Elimination of partial premature epiphyseal closure by transplantation of
      epiphyseal cartilage. An experimental study (author's transl)].
AB  - An experimental study was made on 118 rabbits aimed at restoring bone growth
      after partial epiphyseal closure. In a first stage, a partial epiphyseal closure
      was made at the level of the lower femoral growth plate by excision of the growth
      cartilage and insertion of a bone graft. In a second stage, the bony bridge was
      removed and a segment of iliac crest growth cartilage was transplanted. It was
      concluded, on the basis of radiographic and histological studies that the best
      results were obtained when the growth cartilage was transplanted alone or with a
      thin layer of bone. The results were poor when the layer of bone transplanted
      with the cartilage was too thick.

PMID- 158202
TI  - [Plantar release in the treatment of pes cavus in childhood. Technique and
      indications (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have operated on forty instances of pes cavus in children. Ten were
      idiopathic, nine poliomyelitic, five hemiplegic and five as a sequel of club
      foot. Others cases were of various neurological cause. In all cases, the plantar
      fasciae and ligaments were released; the technique of this procedure is fully
      described. In a number of cases, soft tissue release was associated with an
      osteotomy of the first metatarsal, a transplant of the extensor hallucis longus
      to the neck of the first metatarsal, an osteotomy of the calcaneus or various
      muscle transplants depending on the etiology of the cavus deformity. The results
      are analysed as are the complications. They were satisfactory in 66 p. 100 of
      cases. It is concluded that plantar release procedures may either avoid
      arthrodesis or may lead to it later but with the foot in a more satisfactory
      condition.

PMID- 158203
TI  - [Fatigue fracture of the patella in cerebral palsy (author's transl)].
AB  - Amongst approximately 1 500 spastic children under treatment, the authors have
      seen three cases of fatigue fracture of the patella. One patient was spastic and
      two others were athetotic. The fatigue fractures can be explained by a flexed
      knee gait aggravated by a contracture of the hamstring tendons. No fracture was
      seen in patients treated by Egger's operation. It is concluded that this
      procedure both prevents and cures fatigue fracture of the patella.

PMID- 158204
TI  - [The use of an articulated brace in the treatment of juvenile kyphosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors have attempted to assess the efficiency of an articulated brace in
      the treatment of juvenile kyphosis (Scheuermann's disease and idiopathic
      kyphosis). Two series of patients were compared. Patients in both series were
      treated in a first stage by a plaster cast and in a second stage by a bivalve
      brace in the first series and an articulated brace in the second series. The
      technique of treatment by a plaster cast and by the brace is fully described. It
      is concluded that control of the lumbar lordosis is of great importance. The
      results were better with an articulated brace. The indications for treatment are
      given depending on the age at the onset of treatment, the type of spine deformity
      and its severity. In some cases of severe dorsolumbar kyphosis, surgery may be
      indicated.

PMID- 158206
TI  - [Laparoscopy and sterility].

PMID- 158205
TI  - [Importance of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 158207
TI  - Effect of uncouplers and inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation on the reduced
      and oxidized forms of mitochondiral ATPase.
AB  - A series of uncouplers and inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation have been
      studied with regard to their effect on the hydrolytic activity of the reduced and
      oxidized forms of isolated or membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase. Uncouplers
      (2,4-dinitrophenol, dicoumarol), which are also activators of the hydrolytic
      activity of ATPase, were more potent activators on the oxidized form of the
      enzyme. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (oligomycin, azide and amytal)
      had a more potent inhibitory effect on the hydrolytic activity of ATPase in its
      reduced form. Purified F1-ATPase, oligomycin insensitive in the oxidized form of
      the enzyme, became sensitive to oligomycin in the reduced form. An interpretation
      of the results suggests the presence of a mechanism that unifies the action of
      these different compounds on the synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP catalyzed by
      mitochondrial ATPase.

PMID- 158208
TI  - [Current educational  practices with multiply handicpped pupils -- a problematic
      approach in special education (author's transl)].
AB  - The curricula of schools for the physically handicapped have, as yet, been
      influenced too much by those of regular schools. Which is why at special schools,
      too, the primary focus of all educational and therapeutic measures is placed on a
      qualification of the pupils. Also those pupils who, as a result of the severity
      of their disability, will not be able to enter vocational training are instructed
      on the basis of curricula modelled for the non-disabled. The purpose of the
      following article is to introduce this problem complex which has been present for
      years but not yet received satisfactory solutions. It is hoped that the described
      experiences gained with the three groups of pupils will stimulate the discussion.

PMID- 158209
TI  - [Attitudes of gainfully employed persons towards the vocational and social
      integration of the physically disabled (author's transl)].
AB  - Within the framework of a representative survey 1879 gainfully employed persons -
      trainees, workers, employees and supervisors - were asked about their attitudes
      towards the vocational and social integration of the physically disabled. The
      article describes the following results: 1) The majority of those who responded,
      particularly workers in subordinate positions, were of the opinion that firms,
      management and co-workers were rather unwilling to accept the physically disabled
      as competitive and equal employees and colleagues. 2) With regard to their
      personal attitudes there was a striking contrast: a high general support of the
      vocational resettlement on the one hand and a considerable resistance against the
      disabled's complete vocational and social integration on the other. 3) The degree
      of social distance was strongly dependent on the social situation and the type of
      the disability. 4) The rejection of the physically disabled seems to be mainly
      influenced by the following determinant psychological factors: a) the assumption
      that they are to blame for their disabilities b) the negative image of the
      disabled's personality traits, vocational performance abilities and their
      occupational behaviour.

PMID- 158210
TI  - Evaluation of a transitional training program for mentally retarded, multiply
      handicapped high school students.

PMID- 158211
TI  - SOREFI: a specialized treatment program designed to wean patients from
      unnecessary therapies.

PMID- 158212
TI  - [Choice of therapy in lumbago and sciatica].

PMID- 158213
TI  - [Gynecological laparoscopy under general anesthesia].

PMID- 158214
TI  - Rigid pseudoparkinsonian variant of Huntington's chronic chorea. A case with
      early onset and the effects of L-dopa treatment.

PMID- 158215
TI  - Therapy stimulating the fibrinolytic system.

PMID- 158216
TI  - Expression of the Escherichia coli cell division gene sep cloned in a lambda
      Charon phage.
AB  - The Escherichia coli cell division gene sep, which probably codes for one of the
      penicillin-binding proteins, has been cloned into lambda Charon 10 to form a
      viable sep+ transducing phage. After infection with this hybrid phage, penicillin
      binding protein 3 was overproduced and incorporated into the E. coli inner
      membrane.

PMID- 158217
TI  - Chemotactic factors and the neutrophil.

PMID- 158219
TI  - [Experience with organization of an interscholastic student antituberculosis
      office].

PMID- 158218
TI  - [Complications of chemotherapy at the bedside].

PMID- 158220
TI  - [Medical personnel of Bashkiria in the last 60 years].

PMID- 158221
TI  - [Valerian Mikhailovich Tsabadze].

PMID- 158222
TI  - [Statistical characteristics of cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 158223
TI  - [Nervous system diseases as a cause of loss of work capacity in collective
      farmers].

PMID- 158224
TI  - [Revolutionary activity of A.A. Buinovskii, M.D].

PMID- 158225
TI  - [Mixed lymphocyte culture. Correlation with PPD skin tests in patients with no
      Hodgkin's lymphomata (author's transl)].

PMID- 158226
TI  - Workers' compensation program in the 1970's.
AB  - Workers' compensation has become a focus of public attention in the 1970's to a
      degree unprecedented in its 70-year history. Federal legislation, two national
      study groups, a rush of State reform amendments, and congressional hearings and
      bills proposing Federal standards have all contributed to the ferment of inquiry
      about the relevance and adequacy of the present system of State workers'
      compensation. Among the questions raised are: Does the system cover all the
      workers that should be protected? Are the benefits provided adequate? And what
      are the cost implications to employers of the changing program? For many years,
      the Social Security Administration has published estimates of the number of
      workers covered, the benefits paid, and the costs of workers' compensation. This
      article provides benchmark data to bring coverage and benefit estimates up to
      date and analyzes statutory provisions measuring several aspects of benefit
      adequacy.

PMID- 158227
TI  - Prevalence of work disability by state, 1976.

PMID- 158228
TI  - Melanoma development from subcellular fractions.
AB  - Amelanotic melanoma cells, RPMI-1846, were disrupted by sonic energy which caused
      cell membrane disruption, thereby allowing liberation of viable cellular
      organelles. These subcellular particles were injected into syngeneic Syrian and
      nonsyngeneic hamsters in six separate experiments to determine their possible
      growth potential. A sizable number of the injected hamsters subsequently died as
      a result of melanoma. In an attempt to be as certain as possible that no whole
      melanoma cells were injected with sonicated melanoma material, various techniques
      were used including collodian sections for debris analysis, phase microscopy and
      electron microscopy. Results of this study suggested that melanoma can be induced
      from particles within the melanoma cell which are liberated following cell
      membrane disruption. It appears that a mechanism exists for the transfer of
      oncogenic information that may not be dependent upon the presence of intact cells
      or require the participation of a viral agent.

PMID- 158229
TI  - [The hypocalcemic effect of mithramycin].

PMID- 158230
TI  - Mechanisms of the bronchoconstrictor effects of deep inspiration in asthmatic
      patients.
AB  - A single deep inspiration (DI) is commonly followed by transient airflow
      obstruction in asthmatic patients. In some patients, however, DI results in a
      sustained response which suggests that more than one mechanism may be
      responsible. We have studied the characteristics of the response to repeated DI,
      and their modificatiion by various pharmacological agents, by measuring specific
      airway resistance (sRaw) in ten subjects who showed reproducible and consistent
      increases in sRaw after DI. Two types of reaction were observed: type A (n = 8)
      had an immediate maximum and usually short persistence; type B (n = 2) had a
      delayed maximum with a progressive increase. In type A reactions repetition of DI
      showed different patterns of response--either a reproducible reaction to each DI
      or a plateau effect. In type B reactions the response spontaneously increased
      with repeated DI. Type A responses to DI were inhibited completely by a beta
      adrenergic stimulant (BAS), largely by an anticholinergic drug (AC, ipratropium
      bromide), but in no case by disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). Type B responses were
      inhibited completely by BAS, largely by DSCG, and partially by AC. These findings
      suggest that the response to DI is due to bronchoconstriction, which in type A
      reactions is of reflex origin, vagally mediated, and is due in part or wholly to
      mediator-release in type B reactions.

PMID- 158231
TI  - Cardiomegaly and heart failure in a patient with prolactin-secreting pituitary
      tumour.
AB  - Unexplained cardiomegaly with cardiac failure was observed in a 42-year-old woman
      in whom a pituitary tumour had been treated by radiotherapy five years
      previously. She had been amenorrhoeic for 10 years. Thyroid and adrenal function
      was normal. Despite treatment with digitalis and diuretic, her cardiac disease
      progressed until she died suddenly at the age of 45. Hyperprolactinaemia was
      evident some weeks before death, her serum concentration of 68 ng/ml being well
      above both the reported normal range (2--20 ng/ml) and the concentrations in
      eight female controls being treated for severe cardiac failure (5--25 ng/ml).
      Although the association of these two disorders might merely represent
      coincidence, heart disease with similar features is common in acromegaly and does
      not correlate with plasma growth hormone concentration. Since prolactin is known
      to exert metabolic growth hormone-like effects in animals and in man, the
      possibility should be considered that prolactin hypersecretion might induce or
      maintain cardiac disease in some patients with pituitary tumours. A preliminary
      survey of 35 subjects with hyperprolactinaemia has shown five with raised blood
      pressure and four, two of whom were normotensive, with cardiomegaly on chest
      radiography.

PMID- 158232
TI  - Affinity chromatography of fibrinogen plasminolysis fragment D.

PMID- 158234
TI  - The distribution of platelet contractile proteins in normal and streptozotocin
      diabetic rats.

PMID- 158233
TI  - Fluorometric assay for plasma prekallikrein using peptidymethyl-coumarinyl-amide
      as a substrate.

PMID- 158235
TI  - Preliminary report on the amino acid sequence of the alpha-chain of human
      fibrinogen.

PMID- 158236
TI  - [Epidural analgesia and epidural steroid injection for treatment of chronic low
      back pain and sciatica].

PMID- 158237
TI  - [Effectiveness of using oxygen for treating chronic gingivitis in children].

PMID- 158238
TI  - [Critical evaluation of the results of systematic pedodontic care].
AB  - The authors present and comment upon the clinical and radiological findings
      obtained from 1200 children in the framework of a caries-statistical cross
      sectional study. The statistical data are subdivided into: state of oral
      rehabilitation, extent of oral rehabilitation, frequency of the different kinds
      of filling and endodontic treatment measures.

PMID- 158239
TI  - [Hemoglobin crystals from Reichert to Hoppe-Seyler].

PMID- 158240
TI  - Murine sera cytotoxicity toward human B cells and their effect on human mixed
      lymphocyte reactions.
AB  - Seven murine anti-H-2 and three nonimmune mouse sera were tested for cytotoxicity
      toward B and T lymphocytes from a panel of human donors. One group of sera,
      including two anti-H-2.33 sera, exhibited cytotoxicity directed exclusively
      toward human B but not T cells from all donors. Absorption studies on human
      lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) of B or T cell origin corroborated these
      findings. Some nonimmune sera showed similar characteristics, indicating that the
      observed reactions were not attributable to cross-reactivities between mouse H-2K
      or D specificities and human antigens coded by the HLA-A, B, or C locus. Another
      set of mouse sera (anti-H-2.28b and anti-H-2.31) was highly cytotoxic to both B
      and T cells of some donors but not of others, suggesting that activity in these
      sera may arise from cross-reactions between mouse and human specifities. A third
      set of anti-H-2 as well as normal mouse sera showed only background cytotoxicity
      when tested on human cells. The ability of the B cell cytotoxic mouse sera to
      block the human mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR) was compared to that of
      appropriate human alloantisera with exclusive B cell activity or a rabbit serum
      raised against human B cells. None of the mouse sera resulted in a significant
      reduction in the human MLR, whereas the human alloantisera as well as the rabbit
      antiserum caused a significant amount of blocking at several dilutions beyond
      their highest cytolytic titer.

PMID- 158241
TI  - Influence of blood transfusions and matching for DR antigens on kidney allograft
      survival in unrelated rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Kidney transplantations were performed in unrelated, immunosuppressed rhesus
      monkeys matched for two DR antigens and given five pretransplant transfusion of
      whole blood. The host-donor combinations were either reactive or nonreactive in
      mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and shared up to three A and B locus antigens with
      their blood and kidney donors. Although previous monkey experiments had shown a
      definite positive influence of DR matching as well as of pretransplant
      transfusions on graft survival, this was not found in the current experiments
      (the mean survival time for the MLC responsive group was 21.3 days for the MLC
      nonresponsive group 28.2 days). It appears therefore that the combination of
      pretransplant transfusions and matching for DR antigens does not have an additive
      or synergistic effect on graft survival. In fact, the prominent transfusion
      effect demonstrated previously may have been somehow compromised by matching for
      DR antigens. Alternatively, the clearly positive effect of matching for two DR
      antigens may have been reduced or lost as a consequence of giving the blood
      transfusions.

PMID- 158242
TI  - Relationship of rat immunoglobulin allotypic differences and stimulation in the
      mixed lymphocyte reaction.

PMID- 158243
TI  - Perception and management of guinea worm disease among Ghanaian villagers. A
      framework for differential health education planning.
AB  - A survey, resulted from the immediate need to understand the health behaviour of
      Southern Ghanaian villagers during an epidemic of guinea worm disease. While such
      problems are usually studied at a time when the epidemic has abated, this study
      emphasized getting into the field quickly to obtain data before the epidemic
      passed. If behaviour models are to have value for programme planning in the
      developing world, they should be amenable to such quick sample approaches. The
      study involved a survey on attitudes, beliefs and practices related to gent.
      Results showed distinctive and somewhat differing perceptions of susceptibility,
      seriousness, curability and preventability for the two ethnic groups within a
      single geographic area. The analysis of the survey results permitted suggestion
      of various educational strategies for both of the groups. This quick survey
      approach must be more refined before it has wide applicability. There appears to
      be a significant potential for developing a simplified checklist to be used by
      health workers in carrying a rapid educational diagnosis of a specific health
      problem for a given population.

PMID- 158244
TI  - [Role of the systems of DNA dark repair in determining bacterial and phage
      sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation in an ecological long-wave range].
AB  - A comparison has been made of sensitivity to far (254 nm), middle (300--315 nm)
      and near (315--400 nm) UV radiation of 12 strains of E. coli and 2 strains of B.
      subtilis differing in DNA dark repair (DR) capability. The mechanisms controlled
      by uvrA, uvrB, polA, recA, lon, and lexA genes are very effective in cells,
      irradiated by far and middle UV, but by 15--70% less effective in those
      irradiated by near UV. As the unirradiated bacteria poorly repair the near UV
      damaged phages (T7, lambda, SPPI), the low bacterial DR level after UV
      irradiation seems to be due to the unrepairable photoproduct formation in DNA.

PMID- 158245
TI  - [Side effects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with levamisole
      (Decaris)].

PMID- 158246
TI  - [142 cases of occupational poisoning with organic solvents reported to the
      Industrial Injuries Security Office in 1961-70. II. Disease, disability and
      compensation].

PMID- 158247
TI  - [The rights of the handicapped].

PMID- 158248
TI  - [Establishment and development of otorhinolaryngological care in Belorussia (on
      the 60th anniversary of the Belorussian SSR)].

PMID- 158249
TI  - [Dictated by time].

PMID- 158250
TI  - [Reserves of efficiency and quality].

PMID- 158251
TI  - [Survival of the Newcastle disease vaccine virus in the air of poultry houses].

PMID- 158252
TI  - [Prevention of pullorum disease-fowl typhus in poultry].

PMID- 158253
TI  - [Epzootiology, course and treatment of fascioliasis in sheep].

PMID- 158254
TI  - [Eradication of parasitic blood diseases on Apsheron farms].

PMID- 158255
TI  - [Structure of acute bronchopulmonary diseases in young infants (based on hospital
      data)].

PMID- 158256
TI  - [Epidemiology of stomach cancer in the Kirghiz SSR].
AB  - The incidence of gastric cancer in the Republic is characterized by some features
      related to local natural conditions, ethnic and socio-economic factors. These
      features comprise variations in the gastric cancer incidence in separate climatic
      geographical zones. A higher morbidity rate was noted in Chuisk valley in the
      north of the Republic. The lowest morbidity rate was recorded in Osha Province.
      The index of the gastric cancer morbidity among Russian population is higher than
      among Kirghiz and Uzbek nationalities. During recent years there is a tendency to
      the reduced morbidity and mortality due to cancer of the stomach in the Republic.

PMID- 158257
TI  - [Vitamin B1, PP and C allowances of weight lifters and their requirements during
      training and competition periods].
AB  - Supply of the organism with vitamins C, B1 and PP during various periods of the
      training cycle was studied in 25 top-class athletes. All of them showed a
      decreased supply with vitamins, specifically low levels being recorded during
      competitions. Recommendations are offered with respect to dosage of the vitamins
      and duration of their administration in order to assist in correcting vitamin
      deficiency revealed.

PMID- 158258
TI  - [Effect of chronic C-hypovitaminosis on carbohydrate metabolism enzymatic
      activity in the organs of guinea pigs].

PMID- 158259
TI  - [Analysis of the copper and manganese body allowances of athletes].
AB  - Forty-eight sportswomen of various qualification and 19 women not engaged in the
      sports were under observation. The total losses of copper and manganese excreted
      with feces, urine and sweat in the sportswomen under conditions of muscular
      training proved higher than in the untrained women. During summer the copper and
      manganese content in a day diet of the sportswomen corresponded to the
      recommended standards while during winter the copper content was below the
      normal. Starting the active training in the beginner sportswomen is attended by
      the copper and manganese accumulation in the blood cells. Meat and weat food
      stuffs in the Yaroslavi region are rich in copper, with vegetable products
      showing the highest content of manganese, and dairy products having a low content
      of copper and manganese.

PMID- 158260
TI  - [Isolation of strains of the Hong Kong complex (H3N2) influenza virus from
      Nyctalus noctula bats in Kazakhstan].
AB  - Four antigenically related hemagglutinating agents were isolated from pools of
      lungs and tracheas of Nyctalus noctula bats in chick embryos. Identification of
      the isolates by the hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase activity
      inhibition and double immunodiffusion methods revealed close antigenic
      relationships with A/Port Chalmers/73 virus.

PMID- 158261
TI  - [Modern treatment of diabetes mellitus with sulfonylurea compounds].

PMID- 158262
TI  - [Persistent juvenile Botallo's duct. Clinical report on 100 cases].

PMID- 158263
TI  - [Rehabilitation of handicapped children in the German Democratic Republic].

PMID- 158264
TI  - Studies on the polymorphisms of Pi, Bf, Gm serum levels of immunoglobulins and
      complement components in patients with Down's syndrome and other diseases.

PMID- 158265
TI  - [Experience in treating acne vulgaris and conglobata with penicillin in
      autologous blood in combination with staphylococcal antiphagin].

PMID- 158266
TI  - [Effect of serotonin on processes of elaboration and fixation of heterogeneous
      temporary connections].
AB  - The effect of serotonin (5-OT) level in the brain on the elaboration and
      retention of heterogenous conditioned reflexes was studied in the experiments on
      rats and mice. Redundancy of 5-OT deteriorated the retention of defensive and
      alimentary conditioned reflexes and almost fully prevented the fixation of
      drinking conditioned reflexes. The reduction of 5-OT led to less pronounced
      disorders in the retention of conditioned reflexes. With a prolonged delay of
      electrocutaneous reinforcement (from 5 to 10 s) the control animals showed slower
      elaboration of two-side avoidance reflexes, while their retention was uneffected.
      The redundancy of 5-OT in these conditions accelerated the elaboration but at the
      same time deteriorated the retention as in case of 5-second delay. A conclusion
      is made that with the changed level of 5-OT the impairment of conditioned
      reflexes retention doesn't depend on the changes in the speed of their
      elaboration. The "point of application" of changes in 5-OT content lies in the
      process of the temporary connection consolidation. The degree of 5-OT
      participation in these processes depends on the characteristics of elaborated
      conditioned reflexes.

PMID- 158267
TI  - [The surgical treatment cavernous haemangioma of the soft tissues in the
      orofaciale region (author's transl)].
AB  - The experience gathered in therapy of 85 cavernous haemangioma allows to make the
      following conclusions: -The therapy of canernous haemangioma is very flexible.
      Localisation, expansion, increasing, aesthetical and functional troubles
      determine the indication for the therapeutical way. -Cavernous haemangioma must
      be operated in early infancy. The complete excision is the best method. The
      conservative control only with the outlook of a spontanremission is unsafe. -Big
      haemangioma will be treated by a combined treatment (destroying of blood vessels
      + surgical therapy). After injection of sclerosing solutions it is possible to
      exstirpate the haemangioma completely. -Extensive plastic and reconstructive
      operations will be done first after age of twenty years. The use of adjacent
      flaps shows suitable results.

PMID- 158268
TI  - [Changes at different ages in the epithelium of the human oral mucosa of the hard
      palate and cheek (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper describes the results of observation by optical microscopy of the
      changes in structure of the epithelium of the human oral mucous membrane between
      birth and old age. The intraepithelial regulatory mechanism of the oral mucous
      membrane can be disturbed by exogenous and endogenous factors, as a result of
      which it is possible for the mucosa to lose part of its resistance to external
      influences. Sex hormones are considered to play an important role in this
      connection. In the intrauterine state, the epithelium has no stratum corneum.
      However, a stratum corneum can be seen to develop, in the form of a
      parakeratosis, already shortly after birth. During puberty, there is observed the
      capacity to develop, on the palate and gingiva, a protective layer of anuclear
      horny lumps. At the beginning of the climacteric, the palatal epithelium can be
      seen to undergo changes in the direction of the prepuberal condition or
      intermediate stages. The buccal epithelium is invariably free from keratinization
      and does not usually show such pronounced changes with aging.

PMID- 158269
TI  - [Investigations into ways of improving the ultimate strength of ceramic dental
      materials (author's transl)].
AB  - Despite major improvements, ceramic dental materials, as albite glasses, still
      show unsatisfactory strength properties. It has been found that the combination
      of Keradens type dentinal compounds with aluminum-oxide-containing core
      materials, because of internal stresses, results in a higher ultimate strength
      than is suggested by the strength values of the single components. In addition,
      it has been found that wetting the surface of the ceramic test specimen results
      in a significant decrease in ultimate strength.

PMID- 158270
TI  - [Studies of parodontal results obtained for selected teeth and groups of teeth
      with particular reference to their predictive potential regarding an overall
      assessment (author's transl)].
AB  - With the support of a Cluster Analysis and other statistical methods we have
      found out the relative efficiency of some periodontal partial recording
      selections. Overrating or underrating evaluations arise from the registration of
      periodontal symptoms and signs by partial recording of special teeth or groups of
      teeth. The results of our investigations have demonstrated the higher
      quantitative and qualitative coincidence of the RAMFJORDS teeth with the
      periodontal status as the frontal region of the lower jaw.

PMID- 158271
TI  - [The preparation trauma of the pulp and its reactive behavior (author's transl)].
AB  - The postpreparative pathophysiological reactions of the blood circulation are
      shown by vital microscopy examinations of the pulp of the incisors of living
      rats.--After twenty-four hours from the experimental preparation of cavities,
      functional changes are characterized by acutely inflammatory reactions. With the
      passage of time (seven-day check), the damage is compensated for by extensive
      regeneration (re-formation and new formation of vessels, functional adaptation of
      the circulation of blood, anastomosing), although irreversible alterations can be
      seen to remain in the incisors of rats.--A comparison with the results of
      histological reexaminations of human teeth shows that careful preparation usually
      avoids lesions being left behind after the fading away of localized acute
      inflammations.

PMID- 158272
TI  - [On the acid solubility of the dental enamel of rabbits after internal
      administration of various antibiotic substances (author's transl)].
AB  - Sections of etched enamel and dentinal surfaces were examined to compare the acid
      solubility of normal hard tissue and determine the effects of various antibiotic
      substances. Considerable differences were observed, of which the correlation with
      cariogenesis and with the progression of caries are being discussed in detail.
      The results of this study show that treatment with antibiotics may lead to
      reductions in quality in infants, young children, and nursing mothers.

PMID- 158273
TI  - [Medical care for the workers of the maritime and inland fleets in the Russian
      Federation].

PMID- 158275
TI  - [Experience in organizing and operating the Abiturient subsystem at the S. V.
      Kurashov Kazan Medical Institute].

PMID- 158274
TI  - [Experience in improving the work of a polyclinic serving industrial workers].

PMID- 158276
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of pulmonary tuberculosis in the European North].

PMID- 158277
TI  - [Work of the Intestinal Infections Problem Commission].

PMID- 158278
TI  - [Pregnancy care and delivery management for patients with rheumatic heart
      diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 158279
TI  - [Device for local electrotherapy and its use in the treatment of pain syndromes].

PMID- 158280
TI  - Mode of action of dantrolene sodium in spasticity.
AB  - The mode of action of dantrolene sodium was studied in 11 multiple sclerosis
      patients with spastic paresis of the legs by measurements of changes in
      electromyographic and mechanomyographic proprioceptive reflex responses and in
      voluntary power. Dantrolene sodium 0.5 mg per kg body weight given intravenously
      clearly reduced monosynaptic reflex twitch tension, but voluntary power only
      moderately so. The electromyographic reflex responses were unchanged or slightly
      increased. The mode of action of the drug on spindle function is discussed on the
      basis of the present findings and the literature. It is concluded that dantrolene
      sodium does not reduce spindle stretch sensitivity, but probably reduces activity
      in group II and tonic 1a afferent fibers.

PMID- 158281
TI  - Matrix formation in the mandibular condyle of the rat (35S) - sulfate
      incorporation studies.
AB  - The matrix formation activity of the mandibular condylar cartilage was
      investigated using radioactive sulfate incorporation. The condylar cartilage was
      studied at various developmental stages; as an autotransplant, in situ and on a
      chemically defined medium. An initial decrease in the cpm/DNA was followed by an
      increase, until a maximum was attained for all groups, between the 14th and 17th
      days. Thereafter, the matrix formation activity decreased. There was a surprising
      likeness in the patterns of activity for all the samples investigated. This tends
      to support the hypothesis that cartilagenous growth seem to be regulated, at
      least to some extent by one or more humoral factors.

PMID- 158282
TI  - Indirect determination of variations in the inner ear pressure in man. An
      experimental study.

PMID- 158283
TI  - Cytostatic effect on tumour cells induced in human monocytes by mediators from
      BCG-stimulated lymphocytes and MLC.
AB  - Human monocytes activated by mediators (lymphokines) from BCG-stimulated,
      sensitized lymphocytes (from BCG-vaccinated donors) were cytostatic to a human
      cell line. Mediators from allogeneic lymphocytes activated the cytostatic ability
      of monocytes to the same degree as mediators from autologous lymphocytes.
      Mediators from BCG-stimulated lymphocytes from tuberculin-negative donors not
      vaccinated with BCG, activated the monocytes only to a small extent. Culture of
      lymphocytes in a membrane chamber (MC) proximate to monocytes, or incubation of
      monocytes with filtered supernatants of lymphocyte cultures, were equally
      effective procedures for inducing cytostatic ability in monocytes. Supernatants
      of sensitized lymphocytes cultured on BCG for four hours did not activate the
      monocytes, while supernatants collected after 24 hours activated the cytostatic
      ability to the same extent as 72-hour supernatants. Supernatants of mixed
      lymphocyte cultures (MLC) collected after 24 hours did not activate the monocyte
      cytostatic ability at all. Forty-eight and 72-hour supernatants of MLC showed a
      small but increasing activity. There was no significant difference between BCG
      stimulated lymphocytes and MLC in their maximum DNA synthesis or in the kinetics
      of their DNA synthesis. Thus, the DNA synthesis and secretion of lymphocyte
      mediators may be independent phenomena resulting from the same stimulus.

PMID- 158284
TI  - The human mixed lymphocyte reaction responder and stimulator capacities of highly
      purified T- and non-T cells and the role of monocytes.
AB  - E-rosette sedimentation with AET treated sheep red blood cells and human
      lymphocytes provieded a source of highly purified T- and non-T cells. Together
      with unseparated cells these were tested for responder and stimulator capacities
      in the mixed lymphocyte reaction, and it was found that the non-T cells were
      weak, but consistent responders only when T cells were present as stimulators. On
      the other hand, T-T combinations always exhibited weak proliferation
      demonstrating that T cells possess stimulator capacities. Adherent cells grown on
      Petri dishes were found to exert a dual function: as helper cells in low, and
      suppressor cells in high concentrations.

PMID- 158285
TI  - Cytological events in allo-stimulated lymphocytes triggered by exposure to
      stimulatory alloantigens. II. Changes in the areal density of cytoplasmic
      vacuoles and in the subcellular localization of acid phosphatase.
AB  - H-2b lymphocytes were sensitized against H-2d alloantigens by lymphocyte culture
      reaction and incubated with H-2d mastocytoma cells. The interaction between
      lymphoid cells and mastocytoma cells was stopped by fixation with glutaraldehyde.
      The areal density of the cytoplasmic vacuoles as well as the subcellular
      localization of acid phosphatase in lymphocytes were examined by electron
      microscopy. Two populations of lymphocytes were observed, small lymphocytes with
      heterochromatic nuclei and larger lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) with euchromatic
      nuclei. Only the lymphoblasts showed change following interaction with target
      cells. The vacuole area in percent of cytoplasmic area (vacuole areal density) of
      sensitized lymphoblasts increased during the first 30 minutes and from the third
      to fourth hour of interaction with target cells. Acid phosphatase staining was
      observed in the Golgi apparatus of the lymphoblasts after 30 minutes of
      interaction. Multivesicular bodies showed acid phosphatase staining within 20
      minutes of interaction with target cells. After 20 minutes of interaction,
      phagosomes containing myelin figures were formed. These phagosomes also showed
      acid phosphatase staining and during the next hours of interaction their number
      increased over the number of multivesicular bodies.

PMID- 158286
TI  - The nature of physical, mental and social deficits contributing to the categories
      of good recovery, moderate and severe disability in the Glasgow Global Outcome
      Scale.

PMID- 158287
TI  - Long-term prognosis after severe head injury.

PMID- 158288
TI  - Age and outcome of severe head injury.

PMID- 158289
TI  - Early prognosis of severe head injuries in children.

PMID- 158290
TI  - Prognosis in patients with severe head injury.

PMID- 158291
TI  - Predicting the outcome of individual patients in the first week after severe head
      injury.

PMID- 158292
TI  - The prediction of outcome of patients admitted following head injury in coma with
      bilateral fixed pupils.

PMID- 158293
TI  - [Clinical evolution with a polyvalent topical compound].

PMID- 158294
TI  - [Our experience in the treatment of various dermatoses with a polyvalent topical
      drug].

PMID- 158295
TI  - [Occupational dermatitis by contact with vitamin K (observation of 2 cases)].

PMID- 158296
TI  - [Contact eczema caused by propylene glycol].

PMID- 158297
TI  - Disruption of abdominal wall musculature: unusual feature of seat belt syndrome.

PMID- 158298
TI  - An assessment of occupational therapists' roles and attitudes toward sexual
      rehabilitation of the disabled.
AB  - Sexual adjustment is believed to be a fundamental aspect of the medical and
      psychosocial rehabilitation of the disabled and chronically ill. A sample of 26
      occupational therapists involved in adult rehabilitation services were given a
      list of specific tasks identified in the literature to be related to medical
      (physical) aspects of sexual rehabilitation. The results indicated that a small
      percentage of occupational therapists participate in these tasks. The majority
      believed that the tasks were important in occupational therapy but that their
      preparation to perform the tasks was inadequate. The subjects, as a group, held
      positive attitudes toward sexual rehabilitation and considered it a legitimate
      aspect of health care for which an appropriate content should be integrated into
      the basic curricula in occupational therapy.

PMID- 158299
TI  - Occupational therapy roles and functions in the education of the school-based
      handicapped student.
AB  - This article presents current roles and functions of the school-based
      occupational therapist that were identified through data analyses of surveys
      conducted during 1978. The major roles emerging from data are
      evaluation/screening, program planning, implementing intervention programs,
      supervision, and consultation. Functions of occupational therapy educational
      management for each of the roles are specified. The findings will be used in the
      development of competency-based educational programs to prepare the occupational
      therapist with the specialized competencies needed in the provision of services
      within school systems.

PMID- 158300
TI  - Public law 94-142: mandated partnerships.

PMID- 158301
TI  - Comparison of the size of the arterial vascular bed to the right ventricular mass
      in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Hearts from patients dying with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were
      examined for right ventricular mass and coronary arterial vascular bed size.
      Normal hearts obtained from patients dying of other causes were also examined for
      comparison. The relationship between the size of the vascular bed and ventricular
      mass was examined and a definite but low correlation was found. Severe
      obstructive coronary artery disease was excluded, and chronic hypoxemia did not
      alter the results. The arterial vascular bed supplying the right ventricle of
      male patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appears to
      undergo a compensatory increase in size as the ventricular mass enlarges, but
      this is highly variable and incomplete.

PMID- 158302
TI  - Serial noninvasive assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy and function after
      surgical correction of aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 158304
TI  - Myocardial oxygen consumption in chronic heart disease: role of wall stress,
      hypertrophy and coronary reserve.

PMID- 158303
TI  - Introduction: physiologic and clinical correlates.

PMID- 158305
TI  - Myocardial oxygen supply in left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary heart
      disease.
AB  - Coronary arteriolar dilation adjusts blood flow according to local fluctuating
      metabolic needs of the myocardium. Because of high extravascular compression
      during systole, the subendocardial layer of the left ventricle is especially
      dependent on the duration and the perfusion pressure of the diastolic period. In
      patients with obstructive coronary artery disease, regional arteriolar dilation
      is utilized to compensate for focal arterial stenoses. Coronary blood flow may be
      compensated with the patient at rest, but loss of reserve arteriolar dilation
      limits further adjustment to superimposed transient increases in metabolic needs.
      Subendocardial perfusion in the region supplied by the stenosed artery is
      especially vulnerable to shortened diastolic time during tachycardia. In patients
      with chronic aortic valve disease, the metabolic rate of the left ventricle is
      increased in proportion to the increases in myocardial mass and work. Coronary
      blood flow and metabolic rate per gram of the hypertrophied myocardium are normal
      when the patient is at rest, at the expense of diminished coronary arteriolar
      reserve. High tissue pressure relative to the diastolic perfusion pressure
      probably contributes to the diffuse subendocardial ischemia that occurs in these
      patients during tachycardia.

PMID- 158306
TI  - Occurrence and distribution of muscle spindles in masticatory and suprahyoid
      muscles of the rat.
AB  - The occurrence and distribution of muscle spindles was studied in histochemically
      and conventionally stained serial cross sections of 6-week-old and adult rat
      masticatory and suprahyoid muscles. Spindles were present in moderate to large
      numbers in jaw closers, but they were absent in jaw openers and two of four
      muscles of an accessory suprahyoid group. In jaw closers, 67% or more of the
      total spindle population was concentrated relatively distant from the
      temporomandibular joint, in muscle portions which contained large numbers of
      extrafusal fibers reacting strongly for oxidative enzymes. Because of their
      location, spindles in these portions should be stretched more and, subsequently,
      should respond with a greater afferent discharge at any given muscle length than
      spindles situated nearer to the joint. Spindles in jaw closers, especially the
      medial pterygoid and deep masseter, often occurred in clusters and complex forms
      near the terminal branching of intramuscular nerve trunks. No such concentrations
      were seen in the two muscles of the accessory suprahyoid group that had spindles.
      The association in jaw closers of spindles with extrafusal fibers high in
      oxidative enzyme activity is consistent with the view that spindles are the
      sensory component of a reflex system that recruits these fibers for finely-graded
      contractions in response to small internal length-changes of the muscle
      (Botterman et al., '78); however, in jaw openers and two muscles of the accessory
      suprahyoid group, the absence of spindles, coupled with the presence of large
      populations of extrafusal fibers high in oxidative enzyme activity, is not easily
      reconciled with this concept.

PMID- 158307
TI  - The effect of trisomy 21 on the patterns of polypeptide synthesis in human
      fibroblasts.
AB  - In addition to direct gene dosage effects, the deleterious phenotypic
      consequences of aneuploidy may result from secondary regulatory effects on the
      production and degradation of gene products coded for by other chromosomes. In an
      initial test of the hypothesis that extensive secondary effects play an important
      role in the phenotypic consequences of aneuploidy, we have used two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis with radioautography to look for such secondary effects among
      the polypeptides synthesized by human fibroblasts grown in vitro. The polypeptide
      patterns of fibroblast strains from four trisomy 21 subjects and one trisomy
      21/normal mosaic were compared to those from five matched normal subjects. Of
      approximately 850 polypeptides visualized, only four show a pattern of variation
      which may be related to trisomy 21. Additional differences in polypeptide
      concentrations were found among the strains, attributable to genetic
      heterogeneity between donor individuals and differences in tissue of origin.
      These results indicate that, at least in fibroblasts in vitro, trisomy 21 does
      not cause major regulatory changes in the rates of production and degradation of
      a large number of polypeptides.

PMID- 158308
TI  - Paternal age and Down syndrome.
AB  - The frequency of Down syndrome (DS) in infants of older fathers has been examined
      in two sets of data. The effect of maternal age was controlled by single years of
      age. Lack of tight control has been an important weakness of other studies on
      this subject. Data obtained in metropolitan Atlanta by an intensive case
      ascertainment program showed no overall excess of DS infants born to older
      fathers. Nor was there evidence of such an effect in recent birth certificate
      data made available by the National Center for Health Statistics. The Atlanta
      data suggest an increased number of DS infants born to older fathers who had
      children by women less than or equal to 34 years. However, there was a small
      deficiency of DS infants born to older fathers by women greater than or equal to
      35 years. The possibility of a paternal-age effect remains open, but the
      available data suggest that, if it exists, it is quite small.

PMID- 158309
TI  - The distorted shell method for clustering for syndrome classification.
AB  - Syndrome classification may be described as the arrangement of individuals into
      groups on the basis of their phenotypic resemblance. This paper describes how
      phenotypic resemblance may be quantified and demonstrates a numerical method
      called distorted shell clustering, which isolates groups of phenotypically
      similar individuals representing syndromes. This new method takes into
      consideration apparent biological properties of syndromes. It allows for
      overlapping phenotypes between syndromes, and differing character association and
      variability within syndromes. This method is compared to four other clustering
      methods by using suspects for a syndrome of known etiology (Down syndrome). The
      numerical results based on the phenotype then can be compared with the actual
      diagnosis. Only the distorted shell method classifies patients, without error,
      into two major clusters: the Down and the non-Down, while maintaining a high
      level of efficiency.

PMID- 158310
TI  - Regulating intravenous fluid flow: controller versus clamps.

PMID- 158311
TI  - Performance characteristics of preschool Down's syndrome children receiving
      augmented or repetitive verbal instruction.
AB  - Young Down's syndrome children were compared on their ability to respond to
      typical preschool learning tasks when given either augmented or repetitive verbal
      instruction. Augmented verbal instruction began with (a) a verbal prompt
      followed, as needed, by (b) verbal instruction, (c) verbal instruction plus
      modeling, and (d) verbal instruction plus manual guidance. Repeated verbal
      instruction involved the verbal repetition of task directions up to three times
      after the initial verbal prompt. A groups of age-matched nonretarded children
      served as a contrast group. Results indicated that Down's syndrome children
      experienced serious acquisition problems despite either the augmented verbal
      instruction series or the repeated verbal-instruction series.

PMID- 158313
TI  - Major vessel injury during laparoscopy: anatomy of two cases.

PMID- 158312
TI  - Incidence of pain among women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization by
      electrocoagulation, the spring-loaded clip, and the tubal ring.
AB  - Data analyzed from five comparative studies show a relationship between the
      technique of tubal occlusion and pain experienced by patients both at the time of
      the procedure and during the recovery period. During the procedure, the spring
      loaded clip is the technique least likely and the tubal ring the technique most
      likely to be associated with pain. During the recovery period, both the spring
      loaded clip and the tubal ring are associated with higher rates of abdominal or
      pelvic pain than is electrocoagulation. Differences in pain that occurred during
      the recovery period did not persist to the early follow-up visit.

PMID- 158314
TI  - Ocular rosacea.
AB  - Ocular rosacea was diagnosed in 49 patients. The most common signs and symptoms
      were foreign body sensation, burning, superficial punctate erosions, chalazia,
      and belpharitis. Less common but dangerous to the vision was corneal thinning,
      vascularization, and infiltrates. Three new associated symptoms were found. These
      were mapdot subepithelial opacities, recurrent erosions, and moderately severe
      foreign body sensation, pain or burning with minimal associated signs. Of the 49
      patients, 37 were treated with 250 mg of oral tetracycline four times a day,
      which resulted in improvement in almost all patients from four to 17 days after
      initiation of therapy. Most of the patients have been able to taper, or taper and
      stop therapy without recurrence of their symptoms. Those patients with foreign
      body sensation, burning, and pain required the most prolonged therapy in order to
      taper or stop treatment with tetracycline.

PMID- 158315
TI  - Normative data on low back mobility and activity levels. Implications for
      neuromuscular reeducation.
AB  - Low back mobility and electromyographic movements were performed in 121 normal
      subjects, grouped by age and sex. Women tended to show greater ranges of motion
      for straight leg raising, trunk rotation and lateral bending while vertebral
      separation (forward flexion) was greater in men. A sex-age interaction was
      observed only in lateral bending, thus implying that for other mobility
      measurements, data within the age groupings employed in this study can be
      combined for men and women. Electromyographic data were integrated and quantified
      using EMG biofeedback equipment for unilateral or bilateral recordings made
      primarily from the erector spinae muscle between lumbar 3-4 and lumbar 4-5
      levels, three centimeters lateral to the spinous processes. Dynamic (trunk
      flexion-extension, lateral rotation-standing, stooping) and static (quiet
      sitting, rotation-sitting) movements were performed over a ten second interval.
      Data analyses verified previous electromyographic studies by demonstrating the
      trunk extensor function of the erector spinae and the relatively greater
      unilateral activity when turning to the opposite direction in the erect posture.
      EMG silence was seen during full trunk flexion. Noticeable sex-age interaction
      were observed for all dynamic movements but not for static activities. Therefore,
      it is suggested that EMG data during dynamic movements in a normal population
      cannot be grouped for men and women within a specified age distribution. These
      data represent one series of baselines to which mobility and movement patterns in
      a back pain patient group can be compared. Suggestions are offered for the use of
      EMG biofeedback during dynamic lower back movements as a possible method of
      alleviating the pain state, perhaps by altering the patient's posture.

PMID- 158316
TI  - Exfoliative dermatitis during lithium treatment.

PMID- 158317
TI  - [Inflammatory diseases of the female genitalia and extragenital pathology].

PMID- 158318
TI  - [Importance of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of acute inflammation
      of the internal female genitalia].

PMID- 158319
TI  - [In memoriam K. V. Chachava].

PMID- 158320
TI  - [A contribution to the experimental procedure for testing anaesthetic drugs in
      the Gottinger minipig (author's transl)].
AB  - An experimental procedure is described for collecting base line data in awake,
      non-premedicated swine under standard conditions. We implanted catheters into the
      common carotid artery and in the external jugular vein, which were used either
      for taking blood samples or for access to the heart for a tip manometer and a
      flow-directed catheter. One week later we implanted an electromagnetic flow probe
      at the aortic root. With this preparation, the influence of one, two or several
      drugs on the heart, blood circulation and respiration can painlessly be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 158321
TI  - An improved ventilator system for delivery-room management of the newborn.

PMID- 158322
TI  - An anaphylactoid response to a small dose of d-tubocurarine.

PMID- 158323
TI  - Activation of nasal cilia in immotile cilia syndrome.
AB  - Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from 5 normal subjects and from 7 patients
      with immotile cilia syndrome. Of the latter, 3 had Kartagener's syndrome, one had
      Kartagener's forme fruste, and 3 had bronchiectasis and sinusitis. An in vitro
      motility test was used to assess ciliary movement. Exogenous adenosine
      triphosphate and adenosine triphosphatase activated the immotile cilia to levels
      equal to or slightly greater than the spontaneous activity seen in normal
      subjects. Absence of dynein arms on ciliary peripheral microtubule doublets was a
      consistent finding in the patients' specimens and is suggested to be the basic
      defect in this syndrome that is responsible for immotility and absence of
      mucociliary clearance.

PMID- 158324
TI  - NIH conference. Systemic lupus erythematosus: evolving concepts.
AB  - Systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease of unknown cause and protean
      manifestations, continues to excite substantial investigational interest. These
      papers bring together recent advances in concepts of its immunopathogenesis,
      evidence for a major genetic role in the causation of the process, developing
      systems for the morphologic assessment of its often fatal nephritis, and data
      from ongoing trials of cytotoxic drugs in its management.

PMID- 158325
TI  - [Problems of anesthesia in swine as experimental animals].

PMID- 158326
TI  - Iliopopliteal Dacron grafts as an alternative to amputation.

PMID- 158327
TI  - Detection of prethrombotic and thrombotic states.
AB  - Newer methods for detecting subclinical thrombosis are discussed. Uses of
      radionuclides for thrombus localization are reviewed. Laboratory tests suitable
      for nonspecialized laboratories are highlighted. The serial use of functional
      antithrombin III and ethanol gelation assays are recommended to follow the effect
      of anticoagulant therapy. The use of heparin therapy in low dosage is discussed.

PMID- 158328
TI  - Renal transport of organic acids and bases in aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 158329
TI  - Characterization of Escherichia coli B glycogen synthase enzymatic reactions and
      products.

PMID- 158330
TI  - Pigmentation of osteoma cutis caused by tetracycline.
AB  - Blue nodules developed in the skin of a patient with acne concomitant with the
      start of tetracycline therapy. When removed, these nodules were brown and
      histologic examination revealed a lamellate structure compatible with bone. Under
      ultraviolet light, these osteomas fluoresced yellow, indicating the presence of
      tetracycline. This suggests that tetracycline, combined with new bone formation,
      causes pigmentation of osteoma cutis.

PMID- 158331
TI  - Long-term effects of interval laparoscopic sterilization by bipolar
      electrocoagulation on menstruation.
AB  - We studied the menstrual patterns of 258 patients before and after laparoscopic
      sterilization by bipolar diathermy. The observed changes were obtained were
      mainly related to the kind of contraception used before sterilization. The
      frequency of menstrual disorders after sterilization were compared to those in a
      control group of non-sterilized women matched for age and parity: 12--42 months
      after the operation, the sterilized women did not have more irregular cycles,
      menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, hysmenorrhea or dyspareunia than the control group but
      the sterilized women did have a slightly higher incidence of polymenorrhea (p
      less than 0.05) and menses lasting less than 3 days (p less than 0.01). We
      conclude that interval laparoscopic sterilization by bipolar diathermy can be
      recommended for patients with normal menstrual cycles.

PMID- 158332
TI  - [Laparoscopic tubal sterilization by bipolar electrocoagulation].

PMID- 158333
TI  - [Does laparoscopic tubal sterilization cause menstruation disorders?].

PMID- 158334
TI  - [Comparison of 2% and 5% lidocaine solution for local anesthesia of both
      fallopian tubes in laparoscopic sterilization].

PMID- 158335
TI  - [Expansion of the indication range for laparoscopy by the method of "open
      pelviscopy"].

PMID- 158336
TI  - [Significance of endoscopic tubal surgery in treatment of sterility].

PMID- 158337
TI  - [Microsurgical refertilisation surgery following tubal sterilization in the
      rabbit. Comparison of bipolar electrocoagulation and clips at the tubal isthmus
      and ampulla].

PMID- 158338
TI  - [Laparoscopic tubal sterilization under local anesthesia].

PMID- 158339
TI  - [Postpelviscopic (laparoscopic) subphrenic pain syndrome].

PMID- 158340
TI  - [Avoidance of errors and dangers in operative pelviscopy].

PMID- 158341
TI  - [Laparoscopical and clinical findings in diagnosis of adnexitis].

PMID- 158342
TI  - [Pelviscopic abdominal surgery in gynecology].

PMID- 158343
TI  - [Therapy-oriented amenorrhea diagnosis].

PMID- 158344
TI  - [Clinical results of antiandrogen therapy using cyproterone acetate in
      virilization].

PMID- 158345
TI  - [Endocrinologic studies on cycle course following laparoscopic puncture of
      Graffian follicle].

PMID- 158346
TI  - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in laparoscopic tubal sterilization].

PMID- 158347
TI  - [Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome). A morphological and
      ultrastructural study of one case (author's transl)].

PMID- 158348
TI  - Cardiac transplantation 1979.

PMID- 158349
TI  - Improved immunosuppression for cardiac transplantation: immune monitoring and
      individualized modulation of recipient immunity by in vitro testing.
AB  - These studies demonstrate that immune monitoring and individualized modulation of
      recipient immune reactivity using a quality-controlled preparation of rabbit
      antithymocyte globulin can improve results of cardiac transplantation. The most
      valuable assay in individualizing drug doses was the serial measurement of T-cell
      levels using a complete lymphocyte profile technique and monitoring with
      phytohemagglutinin to rule out false low T-cell levels. Using this system, the
      incidence and severity of early rejections were markedly reduced and no grafts
      were lost to rejection in the first month. The recent first-year graft survival
      has been about 60%, an improvement largely related to a reduction in early
      rejection and infection. This technique of immunosuppression appears quite
      promising for improving the results of future cardiac transplantations.

PMID- 158350
TI  - [Electrocardiographic evolution of severe medically treated hypertension].
AB  - Electrocardiographic finding were studied in 34 severe hypertensions submitted to
      antihypertensive therapy. The duration of the survey was between 2 and 6 years.
      No significant correlation was observed between the changes in pressure and the
      changes in electrocardiogramm: normalisation of blood pressure could be
      associated with abnormalities in the electrocardiogramm, concerning especially ST
      segments and T waves. In the latter case, a high frequency of coronary
      insufficiency was observed. The results suggested that cardiac factors,
      independent of the pressure level, could determine the electrocardiographic
      changes during antihypertensive therapy.

PMID- 158351
TI  - The mode of action of primycin.

PMID- 158352
TI  - [Glycogenosis type III myocardiopathy].

PMID- 158353
TI  - Desmoid tumors and mesenteric fibromatosis in Gardner's syndrome: report of
      kindred 109.
AB  - Kindred 109, from which Gardner's syndrome was first described, now has 224
      members, 28 of whom have inherited the syndrome. Among the group of 28, desmoid
      tumors or mesenteric fibromatosis or both have developed in eight (29%). In four
      patients, the fibrous dysplasia appeared to originate in postsurgical abdominal
      incisional scars; in two of these cases, the mesenteric involvement resulted in
      death. In one patient, the process was present in the mesentery at the original
      operation. In three patients, the fibrous dysplastic lesions were
      extraincisional, with no known trauma associated with their occurrence.

PMID- 158355
TI  - Effect of a single injection of lincomycin, spectinomycin, and linco-spectin on
      early chick mortality caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The efficacies of lincomycin (L) and spectinomycin (S), alone and in various
      combinations (L/S), were determined against Escherichia coli (EC) and
      Staphylococcus aureus (SA) of avian origin, both in vitro and in vivo. L
      contributed significantly to L/S activity against SA, while S contributed
      significantly to L/S activity against EC, and L/S (2.5 mg L + 5.0 mg S) was more
      effective than either L or S against SA and EC. The suggested optimum dose for
      controlling early chick mortality caused by SA and EC is 2.5/5.0 mg of L/S per
      chick.

PMID- 158354
TI  - Experimental allergic uveitis: clinicopathologic features associated with varying
      doses of S antigen.
AB  - Considerable differences were observed in the experimental autoimmune disease
      elicited by retinal S antigen, depending on the immunizing dose. An inoculum of
      50 microgram produced a massive panophthalmitis containing many polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes, eosinophils, and mononuclear cells. A less severe endophthalmitis was
      seen in animals receiving 25 microgram of antigen. Animals receiving between 5
      and 10 microgram of antigen developed a disease characterized by a granulomatous
      uveitis. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted primarily of mononuclear and
      epithelioid elements and appeared virtually identical to that seen in sympathetic
      ophthalmia. One microgram of S antigen produced primarily a nongranulomatous
      posterior uveitis composed chiefly of mononuclear cells. The principal change in
      the character of the disease occurred at dose levels between 10 and 25 microgram.
      This change consisted of the disappearance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and
      eosinophils at the lower dose levels. These histopathologic changes suggest that
      at higher dose levels an immune complex disease may be superimposed on or replace
      a presumably cell-mediated hypersensitivity response.

PMID- 158356
TI  - Phage-typing results of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry in Japan and
      Europe.
AB  - Phage typing was performed on 795 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from
      poultry, a turkey, pigeons, and birds of prey in Japan and 4 countries in Europe,
      using the avian phage set of typing phages plus 6 others. Six hundred and seventy
      three (89.1%) of 755 strains from poultry were typable by one or more of the
      phages, 617 strains at routine test dilution (RTD) and 56 strains at 100 RTD. Of
      these typable strains, 494 (73.4%) belonged to group I, 90 (13.4%) to group II,
      50 (7.4%) to group III, 29 (4.3%) to group IV, and 10 (1.5%) to mixed types.
      There was no significant relation between staphylococcal phage types and the
      origin of the strains, such as types of disease. Type I strains were commonly
      found in staphylococci isolated from poultry farms regardless of districts or
      countries, and thus they were considered to be distributed widely among poultry
      in Japan and Europe. On the other hand, type III or IV strains were obtained from
      very limited farms or areas. Four (66.7%) of 6 strains of S. aureus isolated from
      birds of prey were typed by the additional phage CH39 at RTD. None of 33 pigeon
      and 1 turkey strain was sensitive to any of the avian phages used.

PMID- 158357
TI  - The uncA gene codes for the alpha-subunit of the adenosine triphosphatase of
      Escherichia coli. Electrophoretic analysis of uncA mutant strains.
AB  - Four mutant strains of Escherichia coli which lack membrane-bound adenosine
      triphosphatase activity were shown by genetic-complementation tests to carry
      mutations in the uncA gene. A soluble inactive F1-ATPase aggregate was released
      from the membranes of three of the uncA mutant strains by low-ionic-strength
      washing, and purified by procedures developed for the purification of F1-ATPase
      from normal strains. Analysis of the subunit structure by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis indicated that the F1-ATPase in strains carrying the uncA401 or
      uncA453 alleles had a subunit structure indistinguishable from normal F1-ATPase.
      In contrast, the F1-ATPase from the strain carrying the uncA447 allele contained
      an alpha-subunit of normal molecular weight, but abnormal net charge. Membranes
      from strains carrying the uncA450 allele did not have F1-ATPase aggregates that
      could be solubilized by low-ionic-strength washing. However, a partial dipolid
      strain carrying both the uncA+ and uncA450 alleles formed an active F1-ATPase
      aggregate which could be solubilized by low-ionic-strength washing of the
      membranes and which contained two types of alpha-subunit, one of which was normal
      and the other had abnormal net charge. It is concluded that the uncA gene codes
      for the alpha-subunit of the adenosine triphosphatase.

PMID- 158358
TI  - Properties of membranes from mutant strains of Escherichia coli in which the beta
      subunit of the adenosine triphosphatase is abnormal.
AB  - Five uncoupled mutant strains of Escherichia coli carrying mutations in the uncD
      gene have been studied. In each of these mutant strains the beta-subunit of the
      F1 portion of the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase is abnormal. In one of
      the mutant strains (carrying the uncD12 allele) in F1-ATPase aggregate was formed
      which was purified and found to have low ATPase activity. ATPase activity was
      absent in the other four strains and the abnormal beta-subunits were tightly
      bound to the membranes. However, membranes from these strains exhibited various
      proton permeabilities as indicated by NADH-dependent atebrin-fluorescence
      quenching and bound different amounts of normal F1-ATPase. The amounts of
      reconstitution of energy-linked reactions after the addition of normal F1-ATPase
      also varied depending on the mutant allele. It is apparent that considerable
      phenotypic variations can occur between strains carrying mutations in the same
      unc gene.

PMID- 158360
TI  - The limited tryptic cleavage of chymotryptic S-1: an approach to the
      characterization of the actin site in myosin heads.

PMID- 158359
TI  - Vanadate inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and other ATPases.

PMID- 158361
TI  - Activation by actin of ATPase activity of chemically modified gizzard myosin
      without phosphorylation.

PMID- 158362
TI  - Serum-serum interactions in autoimmune mice.
AB  - Sera from a majority of old, sick mice of the MRL/l strain interact with other
      MRL/l sera to form visible immunoprecipitates and fix complement. The mouse sera
      can be divided into two sets such that interset interactions are far more common
      than intraset ones. The reactive principle in each mouse serum is IgG in the form
      of an intermediate-sized complex. Reactivity between sera is dependent on IgG
      anti-IgG specificities.

PMID- 158365
TI  - [On the effect of methane-bis--phosphonate in vivo (author's transl)].
AB  - After s.c. injections of methane-bis-phosphonate into rabbits, calcified
      incrustations developed around the injection sites. These incrustations were less
      radiolucent than the surrounding tissues. They appeared to have a good
      crystalline apatite structure in X-ray diffraction. The findings agree with our
      previous in vitro studies but disagree with the findings in the literature that
      ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and dichloromethyle-nediphosphonate
      (Cl2MDP) inhibit crystal growth of apatite already formed.

PMID- 158363
TI  - Renal involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis: prolonged survival with
      aggressive antihypertensive management.

PMID- 158364
TI  - [Influence of local anaesthetics on isolated muscle cells in culture (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A comparative study was performed on the influence of a series of chemically
      defined local anaesthetics such as procaine, nicotinoylprocaine and butacaine on
      isolated skeletal muscle cells and heart cells in culture. About 30 min after
      addition of local anaesthetics to cell cultures vesicles appear in the cells.
      These formations are reversible and need a minimum concentration of 13(-3) mol/l
      procaine, 10(-4) mol/l nicotinoylprocaine, or 10(-4) mol/l butacaine,
      respectively. Soon after addition of local anaesthetics a reduction of oxygen
      consumption is measurable in both cell types. The degree of this reduction
      depends on the chemical structure and the concentration of local anaesthetics and
      on the kind of cells. After daily addition of local anaesthetics to cell cultures
      metabolic parameters were studied. The local anaesthetics, except for butacaine,
      produce an increase of protein concentration, creatine kinase and lactate
      dehydrogenase activity per sample and an increase of the specific activity of
      lactate dehydrogenase. These increases depend also on the concentration of local
      anaesthetics and on the kind of cells. These results support the hypothesis of
      local anaesthetics action via membrane lipids.

PMID- 158366
TI  - [Patient difficulties to explain to the physician the symptoms that he suffers:
      the "susto" disease, as an example].

PMID- 158367
TI  - [Anthropometry and sexual maturation of students in an area of Santiago de
      Chile].

PMID- 158368
TI  - [Isolation of Brucella abortus biotypes 1 and 4 in Nicaragua].

PMID- 158369
TI  - [Application of the personalized teaching system methods (PTS) to the teaching of
      biostatistics].

PMID- 158370
TI  - [Evaluation of the outer envelope antigens of leptospira in complement fixation
      and hemagglutination tests for leptospirosis].

PMID- 158371
TI  - [International council of nurses: the international voice of the nursing
      profession].

PMID- 158372
TI  - [Formulation of a control program of diarrhea diseases].

PMID- 158373
TI  - [Noise as a problem of mental health].

PMID- 158374
TI  - [Environmental health and the technical cooperation between developing
      countries].

PMID- 158375
TI  - Intra-arterial perfusion in the treatment of rest pain and gangrene.

PMID- 158376
TI  - Case for diagnosis [proceedings].

PMID- 158377
TI  - Ocular changes in rabbits with corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension.
AB  - Rabbit eyes with steroid-induced ocular hypertension were investigated in order
      to evaluate the histochemical abnormalities in the chamber angle region. The
      right eye of 14 rabbits was treated by dexamethasone 1% 3 times daily for 3 to 5
      weeks. The eyes were stained by haematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid Schiff, fibrin,
      colloidal iron, and alcian blue with and without hyaluronidase. All treated eyes
      developed elevated intraocular pressure up to 4 weeks after treatment. These
      globes showed alcian-blue-positive hyaluronidase-sensitive staining in the
      amorphous material adjacent to Schlemm's canal and in the cytoplasmic granules of
      trabecular endothelial cells. There was no increase in incorporation of
      radioactive thymidine into nuclei of endothelial cells as seen by
      autoradiography. These results provide further support for the idea that there is
      abnormal accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides in the chamber angle in steroid
      induced ocular hypertension.

PMID- 158378
TI  - Mechanism of actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase. Evidence that adenosine 5'
      triphosphate hydrolysis can occur without dissociation of the actomyosin complex.
AB  - We have investigated the steps in the actomyosin ATPase cycle that determine the
      maximum ATPase rate (Vmax) and the binding between myosin subfragment one (S-1)
      and actin which occurs when the ATPase activity is close to Vmax. We find that
      the forward rate constant of the initial ATP hydrolysis (initial Pi burst) is
      about 5 times faster than the maximum turnover rate of the actin S-1 ATPase.
      Thus, another step in the cycle must be considerably slower than the forward rate
      of the initial Pi burst. If this slower step occurs only when S-1 is complexed
      with actin, as originally predicted by the Lymn-Taylor model, the ATPase activity
      and the fraction of S-1 bound to actin in the steady state should increase almost
      in parallel as the actin concentration is increased. As measured by turbidity
      determined in the stopped-flow apparatus, the fraction of S-1 bound to actin,
      like the ATPase activity, shows a hyperbolic dependence on actin concentration,
      approaching 100% asymptotically. However, the actin concentration required so
      that 50% of the S-1 is bound to actin is about 4 times greater than the actin
      concentration required for half-maximal ATPase activity. Thus, as previously
      found at 0 degrees C, at 15 degrees C much of the S-1 is dissociated from actin
      when the ATPase is close to Vmax, showing that a slow first-order transition
      which follows the initial Pi burst (the transition from the refractory to the
      nonrefractory state) must be the slowest step in the ATPase cycle. Stopped-flow
      studies also reveal that the steady-state turbidity level is reached almost
      instantaneously after the S-1, actin, and ATP are mixed, regardless of the order
      of mixing. Thus, the binding between S-1 and actin which is observed in the
      steady state is due to a rapid equilibrium between S-1--ATP and acto--S-1--ATP
      which is shifted toward acto-S-1--ATP at high actin concentration. Furthermore,
      both S-1--ATP and S-1--ADP.Pi (the state occurring immediately after the initial
      Pi burst) appear to have the same binding constant to actin. Thus, at high actin
      concentration both S-1--ATP and S-1--ADP.Pi are in rapid equilibrium with their
      respective actin complexes. Although at very high actin concentration almost
      complete binding of S-1--ATP and S-1--ADP.Pi to actin occurs, there is no
      inhibition of the ATPase activity at high actin concentration. This strongly
      suggests that both the initial Pi burst and the slow rate-limiting transition
      which follows (the transition from the refractory to the nonrefractory state)
      occur at about the same rates whether the S-1 is bound to or dissociated from
      actin. We, therefore, conclude that S-1 does not have to dissociate from actin
      each time an ATP molecule is hydrolyzed.

PMID- 158379
TI  - Magnesium ion dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity of heavy meromyosin as
      a function of temperature between +20 and -15 degrees C.
AB  - The hydrolysis of Mg2+-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) by heavy meromyosin has
      been studied between +20 and -15 degrees C, especially in the low-temperature
      range, in a medium containing 30% (v/v) ethylene glycol by fluorometric,
      spectrophotometric, and potentiometric measurements. The time course of the
      fluorescence changes of the enzyme during the reaction depends markedly on the
      temperature in consequence of large differences between the activation energies
      of the various steps. The observed kinetics have been analyzed according to the
      simplified scheme of Bagshaw & Trentham [Bagshaw, C. R., & Trentham, D. R. (1974)
      Biochem. J. 141, 331-349]. The following results have been obtained. (1) The rate
      limiting step of the reaction changes in this temperature range; at 20 degrees C
      M**.ADP.Pi is the predominant steady-state complex, and M*.ADP predominates at 
      15 degrees C, with a half-life of approximately 10 min. (2) As expected, on the
      basis that it is the dissociation of the M*.ADP complex which becomes rate
      limiting at low temperature, one observes, in the pre-steady-state below 0
      degrees C, both a proton burst and a lag phase in ADP release. (3) At low
      temperature, the equilibrium M*.ATP in equilibrium M**.ADP.Pi is displaced to the
      left All the kinetic data obtained in this study are compatible with a simple
      pathway for the Mg2+-ATP hydrolysis by myosin and with sequential release of the
      reaction products.

PMID- 158381
TI  - Light-induced Mg2+ ATPase activity of coupling factor in intact chloroplasts.
AB  - Intense illumination isolated, intact, spinach chloroplasts triggers the well
      known proton-pumping Mg2+ ATPase activity of coupling factor, which can be
      assayed in subsequently lysed chloroplasts by monitoring ATP-driven quenching of
      9-aminoacridine fluorescence. The light-triggered ATPase activity decays slowing
      in the dark and is inhibited by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. After osmotic
      lysis and washing of the chloroplasts, preillumination no longer triggers maximal
      proton-pumping ATPase until methylviologen and dithiothreitol are added to the
      medium. It is suggested that intact organelles contain soluble or loosely bound
      cofactors necessary for light-triggering of coupling factor ATPase. On osmotic
      lysis, these endogenous cofactors are diluted or inactivated and must be replaced
      by addition of a dithiol reagent and an electron acceptor.

PMID- 158380
TI  - Protoporphyrin-sensitized photodamage in isolated membranes of human
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 158382
TI  - Correlation between ATP synthesis and the decay of the arotenoid band shift after
      single flash activation of chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.
AB  - ATP synthesis and the acceleration of the decay of the carotenoid absorption band
      shift after single flash excitation of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata chromatophores
      were compared. The two processes behave similarly with respect to: (1) ADP and Pi
      concentration; (2) inhibition by efrapeptin and venturicidin, and (3) inhibition
      by valinomycin/K+ and by ionophores. Taken together with earlier evidence for the
      electrochromic nature of the carotenoid band shift the data support the
      contention that positive charge moves outwards across the chromatophore membrane
      during ATP synthesis and justify the method for determination of the H+/ATP ratio
      (Petty, K.M. and Jackson, J.B. (1979) FEBS Lett. 97, 367-372). The ability of
      nucleotide diphosphates in the presence of Pi and Mg2+ to give rise to the
      acceleration of the carotenoid shift decay closely correlates with the rate of
      phosphorylation of the nucleotides in steady-state light. Nucleotide
      triphosphates enhance the decay in parallel with their rate of hydrolysis.
      Adenylyl imidodiphosphate is itself without effect on the decay of the carotenoid
      shift and it does not prevent the ADP-induced acceleration. The analogue does
      prevent the ATP effect but only after repeated flashes.

PMID- 158383
TI  - Coupling factor ATPase complex of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Purification and
      characterization of an oligomycin and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-sensitive
      (Ca+ + Mg2+)-ATPase.
AB  - An ATPase complex sensitive to the energy transfer inhibitors oligomycin,
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and venturicidin has been solubilized from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores with Triton X-100 and further purified by
      centrifugation on a glycerol gradient. The partially purified RrFo . F1 contains
      13 distinct polypeptide subunits, as revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, including the subunits of the oligomycin
      sensitive, water-soluble RrF1 ATPase. The ATPase activity of RrF0 . F1 as that of
      the membrane-bound enzyme complex depends on Ca2+ or Mg2+ and from detailed
      kinetic studies it is concluded that the divalent cation-ATP complex is the
      substrate for both ATPase complexes. Free ATP and free Mg2+ act as competitive
      inhibitors, with Ki values of 1 mM and 7 muM, respectively. The subunit
      composition of the purified RrFo . F1 and its similarity to the membrane-bound
      ATPase with respect to cation dependence and sensitivity to energy transfer
      inhibitors suggests that it contains all the subunits of the R. rubrum coupling
      factor-ATPase complex.

PMID- 158384
TI  - Localized energization of the mitochondrial inner membrane by ATP.
AB  - Studies were made to determine whether the energy-dependent binding of ethidium
      to the mitochondrial inner membrane reflects the membrane potential or the
      energization of localized regions of the membrane. The number of binding sites of
      ethidium in mitochondria energized with ATP was 72 nmol/mg protein and decreased
      with increase in the amount of the ATPase system (F1 . F0) inactivated by
      oligomycin. These findings clearly show that the energy-dependent binding of
      ethidium to the mitochondrial inner membrane energized with ATP does not reflect
      the membrane potential, in good accord with the previous conclusion (Higuti, T.,
      Yokota, M., Arakaki, N., Hattori, A. and Tani, I. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      503, 211-222), but that ethidium binds to localized regions of the energized
      membrane that are directly affected by ATPase (F1), reflecting the localized
      energization of the membrane by ATP.

PMID- 158385
TI  - The biogenesis of rat liver mitochondrial ATPase. Subunit composition of the
      normal ATPase complex and of the deficient complex formed when mitochondrial
      protein synthesis is blocked.
AB  - 1. An ATPase complex containing 12 subunits was isoalted from rat liver
      mitochondria. 2. In vivo inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis by the
      chloramphenicol analogue thiamphenicol leads to the formation of an oligomycin
      insensitive membrane-bound ATPase complex in mitochondria of regenerating rat
      liver. 3. This oligomycin-insensitive, membrane-bound ATPase was isolated by the
      same procedure as the ATPase complex from regenerating livers of untreated
      animals. 4. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of in vivo labelled ATPase
      complexes from control and from thiamphenicol-treated rats reveals that three
      subunits out of the 12 are not synthesized or assembled when the mitochondrial
      translation activity is blocked. 5. From the subunits synthesized and assembled
      when mitochondrial pror (Fo) of the ATPase complex (subunit 5). 6. The oligomycin
      sensitivity-conferring protein seems absent in the ATPase complex formed in the
      presence of thiamphenicol.

PMID- 158386
TI  - Optimization of the purification of mitochondrial F1-adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - A simple technique of purification of the soluble pig heart mitochondrial F1
      ATPase is described. It consists of removal of extrinsic proteins from
      mitochondrial membranes before extraction with chloroform and ammonium sulfate
      fractionation. A high degree of purity, an excellent stability and a good yield
      are attained after gel filtration through an Ultrogel ACA 34 column equilibrated
      in the presence of 50% glycerol. The tested properties of the F1-ATPase prepared
      by this method are similar to those of the same enzyme extracted by sonication.
      The enzyme is virtually devoid of tightly bound nucleotides. In addition, some
      characteristics of the behaviour of the beta subunit are shown.

PMID- 158387
TI  - Localisation of adenine nucleotide-binding sites on beef-heart mitochondrial
      ATPase by photolabelling with 8-azido-ADP and 8-azido-ATP.
AB  - 1. In addition to the previously studied 8-azido-ATP, 8-azido-ADP is a suitable
      photoaffinity label for beef-heart mitochondrial ATPase (F1). 2. Photolysis at
      350 nm of 8-azido-ADP in the presence of isolated F1 leads to inactivation of
      ATPase activity. Both ATP and ADP (but not AMP) protect against the inactivation.
      3. In the absence of Mg2+, 8-azido-ADP binds almost equally to the alpha and beta
      subunits of F1, whereas in the presence of Mg2+ the alpha subunits are
      predominantly labelled. 4. The ATPase activity is completely inhibited when two
      molecules of 8-azido-ADP are bound per molecule F1. 5. 8-Azido-ATP and ATP are
      competitive substrates for F1, indicating that in the presence of Mg2+ 8-azido
      ATP binds to the same site as ATP. 6. The amount of tightly bound nucleotides in
      F1 is not significantly changed upon incubation with 8-azido-ATP either in the
      light or the dark. 7. 8-Azido-ATP is also a suitadrial particles, photolabelling
      leading to inactivation of ATPase activity. 9. Oxidative phosphorylation and the
      ATP-driven reduction of NAD+ by succinate are also inhibited by photolabelling Mg
      ATP particles with 8-azido-ATP. 10. In contrast to the uncoupled ATPase activity,
      where the two ATP-binding sites do not interact, cooperation between the two
      sites is required for ATP hydrolysis coupled to reduction of NAD+ by succinate.

PMID- 158388
TI  - The relationship between membrane ATPase activity in sugarcane and heat-induced
      resistance to helminthosporoside.
AB  - 1. Heating of susceptible sugarcane leaves (4 h at 35 degrees C) renders them
      resistant, for 24 h, to the effects of helminthosporoside. Membrane ATPase
      activity is reduced by 50% as a result of the heat treatment. When the leaves
      again become susceptible (after 24 h), membrane. ATPase activity is fully
      restored. 2. Inhibitors of membrane ATPase activity protect susceptible leaves
      from the effects of helminthosporoside (KF, EDTA, and octylguanidine). 3.
      Helminthosporoside activates (30%) membrane ATPase in microsomes from
      susceptible, but not heat-treated (resistant) leaves. Once heat-treated leaves
      again become susceptible, helminthosporoside activation of membrane ATPase
      activity resumes. 4. A plot of the production of helminthosporoside-induced
      symptoms, and membrane ATPase activity as a function of the reciprocal of the
      absolute temperature reveals that both have sharp breaks at 32 degrees C. 5.
      Protoplasts of susceptible cane are rendered insensitivity to the effects of the
      toxin in a medium deficient in K+ and Mg2+. When these ions are added, cell
      sensitivity to the toxin is restored. Since K+ uptake in plants is mediated by
      membrane ATPase, a connection with this enzyme activity can be made to cell
      sensitivity to the toxin.

PMID- 158389
TI  - Mitochondrial DNA from various organisms does not contain internally methylated
      cytosine in -CCGG- sequences.
AB  - Mitochondrial DNAs from yeast, Neurospora, rat and calf do not contain internally
      methylated cytosine in -CCGG- sequences.

PMID- 158390
TI  - Substituent effects on the electron transfer reactivity of hydroquinones with
      laccase blue copper.
AB  - Stopped-flow kinetic studies of the anaerobic reduction of Rhus vernicifera
      laccase (monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1)
      type 1 copper by 25 mono- and disubstituted hydroquinones (H2Q-X) have been
      performed at 25 degrees C and pH 7.0 in 0.5 M phosphate. All of the data are
      compatible with a mechanism involving rapid enzyme-substrate complex formation
      followed by rate-limiting intra-complex electron transfer. ES complex formation
      constants (Qp) for many substrates are strikingly insensitive to the electronic
      characteristics of the substituent X, falling within the range 5--50 M-1. It is
      shown that this result may be accounted for if only the singly ionized forms of
      the substituted hydroquinones are bound by the enzyme. All of the substrates
      exhibiting exceptionally high Qp values (greater than 50 M-1) have X groups
      capable of functioning as ligands; substituents with lone pairs of electrons may
      facilitate enzyme-substrate complex formation by enabling hydroquinone to
      function as a bidentate bridging ligand between the type 2 and type 3 copper
      sites. Intra-complex electron transfer rate constants for most substrates are
      remarkably insensitive to the thermodynamic driving force for the oxidation of
      H2Q-X to the corresponding semiquinone, the average value for ten substrates
      being 30 +/- 10 s-1. The electron transfer reactivity of polyphenols with laccase
      blue copper therefore appears to be controlled largely by protein-dependent
      activation requirements rather than by the oxidizability of the substrate.

PMID- 158391
TI  - Transient state kinetic studies of phosphorylation by ATP and Pi of the calcium
      dependent ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is phosphorylated by ATP in the presence
      of Ca2+. A rapid phosphorylation was observed when the enzyme was preincubated
      with Ca2+ prior to the addition of 0.1 or 1 mM ATP. The rate of phosphorylation
      was decreased when Ca2+ was omitted from the preincubation medium and added with
      ATP when the reaction was started. The rate of phosphorylation by ATP was further
      decreased when Pi was included in the preincubation medium without Ca2+. In this
      case, the enzyme was phosphorylated by Pi during the preincubation. When Ca2+ and
      ATP were added, a burst of phosphorylation by ATP was observed in the initial 16
      ms. In the subsequent incubation intervals, the phosphorylation by ATP was
      synchronous with the hydrolysis of the phosphoenzyme formed by Pi. The rate of
      hydrolysis of the phosphoenzyme formed by Pi was measured when either the Pi
      concentration was decreased 10 fold, or when Ca2+, ATP or ATP plus Ca2+ was added
      to the medium. Upon the single addition of Ca2+, the time for half-maximal decay
      was in the range 500--1000 ms. In all other conditions it was in the range 70--90
      ms.

PMID- 158392
TI  - Isolation of F-actin filaments. Comparison of F-actin filament preparations from
      normal and dystrophic mouse muscle.
AB  - To investigate the dystrophic influence on the characteristics of actin, a method
      for the isolation of F-actin filaments from the skeletal muscle of small sizes,
      i.e., less than 0.5 g, was devised. In this method, minced muscle was treated
      with collagenase and hyaluronidase, and the isolated filaments were washed with
      adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Upon examination in the sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the ATP-washed filaments showed a protein
      component identical in mobility to actin in untreated myofibrils or to that
      prepared by the conventional method. Electron microscopic appearances of the
      filaments were similar to those of F-actin filaments described in the literature.
      The dimensions of the filaments were 0.5--2.5 micrometer in length and 60--70 A
      in diameter. The ability to activate the Mg-adenosine triphosphatase or myosin
      was found to be Ca2+ independent. In all aspects of the above characteristics,
      the filaments from leg muscles of 129/Re dydy dystrophic mice and their litter
      mates were observed to be identical.

PMID- 158393
TI  - [Immune response dynamics during malignant tumor development].
AB  - Several mathematical models for the development of immune reaction during cancer
      diseases were plotted. The models describe both stimulation of the immune system
      by the tumor and its suppression. Non-specific inhibition was considered which
      resulted from glucose deficiency accompanying the development of a malignant
      tumor. The inhibiting effect of antitumour antibodies on toxic influence of
      limphocytes-killers was taken into account. The qualitative and quantitative
      study of the models showed the limits for the description of real interactions
      between tumour and organism by the mechanisms stated.

PMID- 158395
TI  - Decrease of concanavalin-A activated and short lived suppressor T cell function
      in thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - Function of short lived and concanavalin-A activated suppressor T cells of
      peripheral blood was studied in patients with thyrotoxicosis and normal
      individuals. It was found that the activity of short lived and concanavalin-A
      activated suppressort T cells decreased in untreated patients. Function of
      concanavalin-A activated suppressor cells relatively increased in euthyroid stage
      induced by methimazole treatment but failed to reach the normal level. Both the
      short lived and Concanavalin-A activated suppressor cell activity proved to be in
      inverse relationships with titres of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and
      transformation indices to human thyroglobulin. These findings suggest a possible
      role of suppressor T cell function in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease.

PMID- 158394
TI  - Auxiliary spinal networks for signal focussing in the segmental stretch reflex
      system.
AB  - In continuation of a previous paper, the auxiliary signal focussing properties of
      more complicated spinal neuronal networks are considered here. Special emphasis
      is put on the distributive function of the recurrent feedback system of alpha
      motoneurones, but also the inhomogeneous distribution of excitatory and inhibitor
      input to motoneurones is taken into account as an essential prerequisite for
      signal focussing. Simple hypothetical calculations for steady-state conditions
      yield a more vivid insight into the interaction of the two types of neuronal
      circuitry contributing to signal focussing.

PMID- 158396
TI  - Immunosuppressive activity of a purified spleen extract (lymphocytic chalone?) is
      not due to polyamines spermine and spermidine.
AB  - Spermine, spermidine and a purified spleen extract (PSE) have been compared in
      vivo in these three tests: hemolytic plaque forming capacity in sensitized mice,
      delayed hypersensitivity reaction and 3H-thymidine incorporation into various
      tissue cells. The results obtained demonstrated that the immunosuppressive
      activity of PSE cannot be attributed to those polyamines. Ion exchange analysis
      of PSE before and after acid hydrolysis confirmed the absence of free and/or
      bound polyamines in the studied extract.

PMID- 158397
TI  - Levamisole treatment of inflammatory acne. Restoration of impaired T-cell
      function accompanied by clearing of the lesions.
AB  - Serum hemolytic complement activity and its components C3, C4 and C1q, serum
      immunoglobulins A, M and G and peripheral E-rosette forming cells were determined
      in 11 patients with inflammatory acne. IgG levels were increased and the E
      rosette formation was markedly impaired. Levamisole treatment restored the E
      rosette formation and improved or cured the inflammatory lesions in 10 out of 11
      patients.

PMID- 158398
TI  - Metabolic regulation during exercise.

PMID- 158400
TI  - Muscle and serum adenosine triphosphatase in patients suffering from tetanus.
AB  - Serial estimation of muscle and serum adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity
      was performed in 16 healthy control patients and 32 cases with tetanus. There was
      no significant difference due to age and sex in muscle and serum ATPase activity
      between the normal and tetanus cases. Tetanus patients showed a marked increase
      in muscle and serum ATPase activity as compared to normal. The ATPase activity
      increased with the severity of convulsion and disease. There was increased
      mortality in tetanus patients having higher values of muscle and serum ATPase.

PMID- 158401
TI  - The younger disabled unit at Fazakerley Hospital.
AB  - The activities of a new younger disabled unit reflect the changing pattern of
      care now being provided for severely physically disabled young people. A co
      ordinated team approach to their rehabilitation has enabled all but a few of the
      severely disabled to continue living at home. This represents a considerable
      saving on the cost of hospital-based care and has afforded them the best
      opportunity for developing their lives to the full and enjoying a satisfactory
      life in the community.

PMID- 158399
TI  - Effects of exercise on capillarity and enzymatic activity of rat skeletal muscle.

PMID- 158402
TI  - Effects of inflammatory disease on plasma oxprenolol concentrations.
AB  - When single oral doses of oxprenolol were given to three healthy subjects on
      three separate occasions under standardised conditions the plasma concentration
      time curves for each subject were closely similar. In two of the subjects,
      however, a mild illness led to a dramatic, temporary increase in the peak plasma
      concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). This
      effect of inflammatory disease was confirmed by comparing a group of patients
      with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of over 20 mm in the first hour with
      a group whose ESR was below this value. The mean peak plasma concentration and
      AUC were significantly higher in the group with a raised ESR. This may be related
      to altered concentrations of one of the acute-phase proteins. Thus it is
      concluded that plasma oxprenolol concentrations are raised in inflammatory
      disease, but further work is needed to determine the mechanism of this increase.

PMID- 158403
TI  - Prevalence of acne.

PMID- 158404
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP): distribution in normal human brain and
      in Huntington's disease.

PMID- 158406
TI  - [Effect of adenosine on phosphofructokinase and phosphoglycerate kinase of rat
      liver].
AB  - Effects of adenosine on purified rat liver phosphofructokinase and
      phosphoglycerate kinase activity were investigated in vitro. Stimulation by
      adenosine of the phosphofructokinase has been observed at low concentrations, but
      the activity was markedly inhibited at high concentrations. Adenosine was an
      inhibitor of the phosphoglycerate kinase : Lineweaver-Burk analysis indicated
      that adenosine inhibition was competitive with ATP and non competitive with 3
      phosphoglycerate. An interpretation of these results is proposed.

PMID- 158405
TI  - [Cardiac anti-arrhythmic effect of various N-substituted piperazine derivatives
      with respect to aconitine in the rat].
AB  - Anti-arrhythmic activity of some piperazine derivatives has been investigated
      upon cardiac arrythmia induced by aconitine in albinos rat. Among mono
      substituted derivatives trimetazidine is active. Among di-substituted derivatives
      cinepazide and hydroxyzine are active but medibazine have a doubtful activity and
      piribedil and cinnarizine are devoid of activity.

PMID- 158407
TI  - [Alterations in concanavalin A binding during retinal development in Xenopus
      laevis].
AB  - Changes in concanavalin A binding were observed in the retina of Xenopus laevis
      throughout development. Prior to stage 37, the optic cup and nervous sysetm
      displayed a light, diffuse staining. Abruptly at stage 37, however, intense
      staining reaction occurred in the ganglionic fibers, both plexiform layers and
      photoreceptor inner segments, remaining thus throughout larval and adult life.
      Our results suggest that important structural modifications occur in retinal
      cells at the time of establishment of connections with the tectum, preceedings,
      and possibility related to, electrical functioning of the visual system.

PMID- 158408
TI  - [New data on serotoninergic mechanisms in ovulation in the cyclic female rat].
AB  - Injection of parachlorophenylalanine on dioestrus II at 18:00 was shown to
      decrease ovulation frequency in 4-day cyclic female rats. This effect was
      overcome by either HTP, or oestradiol benzoate, when administered on dioestrus
      II, at 18:00 and 10:00 - 11:00 respectively. No antiovulatory action of PCPA was
      observed on prooestrus at 13:00. These results provide support to the specificity
      of action of serotonin in the control of ovulation in the cyclic rat. They also
      suggest an interaction of serotonin and oestrogens in this control.

PMID- 158409
TI  - [Effect of testosterone or progesterone implants on the intensity of experimental
      infestation with Schistosoma mansoni in the female golden hamster].
AB  - When administered in pellet form of 20 mg to castrated Golden female hamsters,
      testosterone leads to a decrease of the intensity of experimental infestation
      with Schistosoma mansoni. The same result is obtained when estradiol is used in
      place of testosterone under the same conditions. On the contrary, no statiscally
      significant decrease has been observed with progesterone.

PMID- 158410
TI  - [Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. I. Differential effect on the
      intestinal syndrome of irradiation combined with the drug administered in
      fractional doses and at various times].
AB  - We have studied the different effects on the intestinal syndrome between the
      administration of fractional doses of 5-Fu before and after irradiation. There is
      no difference between the diverse modalities and we obtain the same result when
      the 5-Fu is administered, fractionated or not, before or after the irradiation.

PMID- 158412
TI  - [Interstitial transudation with postural changes in man].
AB  - Starling-Landis concepts of formation of interstitial fluids are in agreement
      with measurements of calf volume in normal young women, in horizontal recumbency
      or after horizontal immersion. The volume of the calf is reduced when the
      hydrostatic pressure of the blood column is diminished under the phlebostatic
      level and when the external pressure is increased by the hydrostatic pressure of
      the water bath.

PMID- 158411
TI  - [Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. II. Differential effect on the
      medullary syndrome of irradiation combined with the drug administered in
      fractional doses and at various times].
AB  - We have studied the effect of 5-Fu in fractional doses on the medullar syndrome
      after a single whole body cobalt irradiation in mice. The bone marrow is not
      sensitive to the fractionation of 5-Fu and it is the single dose of 5-Fu injected
      72 hours after the irradiation which is the most effective.

PMID- 158413
TI  - [Various aspects of lipid metabolism in the rat testicle after sulpiride
      treatment].
AB  - Testicular lipids were extracted from 20 rats which had received 40 mg sulpiride
      per kg per day for 20 days as well as from 20 controls. The extracts were weighed
      and chromatographed on thin layer in order to analyse them for the main fatty
      constituants : phospholipids and neutral fats. In addition total cholesterol,
      triglycerides and lipid phosphorus were determined. The total testicular lipid
      content and the phospholipids were unaltered. The distribution of phospholipids
      wasn't influenced either. Among the neutral fats the precursors of steroid
      hormones such as cholesterol and its esters didn't show any modification. The
      triglycerides on the other hand suffered a significant decrease which was partly
      compensated in situ by the increase of free fatty acids. Since plasma
      electrophoresis didn't reveal a parallel increase of the complex albumin--free
      fatty acids, the hypothesis of an in situ lipolysis is proposed. But it is not
      possible yet to attribute to sulpiride the role of a direct activation on a
      testicular triglyceride lipase nor that of an indirect activator by way of
      prolactine for example.

PMID- 158414
TI  - [Effects of the virus-inhibiting factor or interferon on the in vitro
      multiplication of mouse tumor cells].
AB  - 1) The in vitro effect of virus-inhibiting factor (IF) or interferon on Ehrlich
      ascites tumor and sarcoma 180 was found to be cytostatic, but not cytocidal. 2)
      Mouse peritoneal macrophages or splenic lymphoid cells, in the presence of IF,
      did not affect multiplication of the tumor cells examined.

PMID- 158416
TI  - [Activities evoked in different strain structures by stimulation of the
      contralateral tectum in the chick].
AB  - In the chick, as soon as hatching, the responses recorded in various areas in the
      "accessorius hyperstriatum" (Wulst) seem to be very localized in relation with
      the stimulated region of the contralateral tectum. Very similar results are
      obtained within the other striate structures. These observations suggest in first
      part, that the tectal efferents project very diffusely to various striate
      structures and, in other part, that it exists in these a rather precise tectotopy
      and a columnar organisation. These results appear very constant during the first
      month of the hatching.

PMID- 158415
TI  - [Comparative ultrastructural study of the inhibiting effect of deoxyguanosine and
      of caffeine on Allium sativum L. cytokinetics].
AB  - These two inhibitors of cytokinesis have two different modes of action, the first
      one acting during G2 and the second during M. This study underlines the action of
      caffeine on the fusion of cytokinesis vesicles. On the other hand, the cell
      vacuolization induced by deoxyguanosine is not directly relevant to the
      stathmodieretic action.

PMID- 158417
TI  - [Uptake and esterification of (4-14C) cholesterol after injection into the
      cerebral ventricles of conscious cats].
AB  - The brain tissue had appreciable capacity to take up and to esterify (4-14C)
      cholesterol from the cats cerebral ventricles. The highest values of radioactive
      material in the brain tissue were found 30 minutes after intraventricular
      injection of (4-14C) cholesterol. Thereafter, within a few hours most of the
      labelled cholesterol disappeared and by the end of 48 h the brain tissue retained
      only small amounts of it. at the same time, radioactive material was found in the
      peripheral venous blood, but in very small amounts. The analysis for cholesterol
      esters showed that about 50 % of (4-14C) cholesterol taken up by the brain tissue
      had undergone esterification. The rate of esterification of cholesterol within 48
      h remained more or less constant, although a significant peak was noted by the
      end of 24 h.

PMID- 158418
TI  - [Cytotoxic action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hemolysin].
AB  - The cytopathic action of haemolysin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been studied in
      mouse and human leucocytes. The morphological changes suggest that haemolysin
      affects the molecular architecture of the cell membrane, whose permeability is
      increased. It does not induce non-specific stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes.
      Normal sera and albumin neutralize the hemolytic activity of haemolysin; this
      inhibition is also observed, to a les extent, on the lytic action on leucocytes.
      This raises the possibility that the two activities are probably associated with
      the same molecule.

PMID- 158419
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of the different zones of the rat liver acinus after
      portacaval anastomosis].
AB  - Liver atrophy is a main feature in rats with a porto caval shunt. Histological
      studies revealed small size hepatocytes. Ultrastructural differences between
      periportal and centrolobular zones were noticed, in particular, the dilatation of
      the nuclear envelope and of the rough endoplasmic reticulum which appeared
      dilated, desorganized and sometimes without ribosomes, was more pronounced in the
      periportal zone. Hepatocytes of this zone might be more sensitive to the decrease
      of O2 and/or hepatotrophic factors.

PMID- 158420
TI  - [Chemical study on acetabular cartilage adjoining a prosthetic implant:
      experimental study in the rabbit].
AB  - The authors present an experimental study of the rabbit femoral prosthesis
      compatibility : macroscopical aspect, proteoglycan content and metabolism of the
      acetabular cartilage.

PMID- 158421
TI  - [Vasomotor innervation of the maxillary canines of the dog].
AB  - Maxillary canine pulpar pressure was recorded on anesthetized dogs by means of a
      small bore cannula threaded into a hole drilled through the lateral surface of
      the tooth. Vasoconstriction was brought by the electrical stimulation of the
      cranial cervical ganglion. Vasodilation was induced by stilmulation of the
      pterygo-palatine ganglion. This vasodilation was inhibited by atropine. Most
      often, constrictor fibres follow the course of the pterygo-palatine nerve, when
      dilator fibres follow the infraorbital nerve. However, both sorts of fibres may
      be found in the infraorbital nerve.

PMID- 158423
TI  - [Nidation in the Triton W.R. 1339 treated mouse: effect of progesterone and
      estradiol].
AB  - In the mouse injection of 800 mg/kg of Triton W.R. 1339 during the first four
      days of gestation prevents nidation. Examination of the uterine horns between
      days 6-12 reveals that a daily injection of 5 mg progesterone up from day 1 of
      gestation assures the survival of the blastocysts in Triton W.R. 1339 treated
      females and determines a delayed nidation. Nidations occur only after injection
      of 0.1 microgram of oestradiol benzoate at the beginning of the 5th day.

PMID- 158422
TI  - [Effect of anti-inflammatory agent administration on Balb/c mouse peritoneal
      macrophage activity].
AB  - A study of the mouse Balb/c peritoneal macrophages has been made after oral
      antiinflammatory drugs administration on animals which previously had an
      inflammation with carrageenan. The results show an enhancement of the number of
      the macrophages, of their enzymatic activities and of their proteins' content.
      These three parameters fall down more or less rapidly according to the considered
      antiinflammatory drug.

PMID- 158424
TI  - [Early responses of hypothalamic neurons after a testosterone injection in the
      male rat].

PMID- 158426
TI  - Transduction of penicillinase production in Staphylococcus epidermidis and nature
      of the genetic determinant.
AB  - Four strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis from clinical sources were capable of
      serving as donors for the transduction of either penicillinase production,
      ethidium bromide resistance, or tetracycline resistance. Three typing phages
      served as transducing phages and, depending upon the combination of transducing
      phage, donor strain, and recipient strain, the rates of transduction ranged
      between 10(-5) and 10(-9). In one strain, cotransduction of penicillinase
      production and ethidium bromide resistance was observed. Although ultraviolet
      irradiation kinetics indicated that both the tetracycline resistance and the
      penicillin resistance determinants were located on plasmids, only resistance to
      tetracycline could be eliminated by growth in the presence of curing agents or at
      elevated temperature. However, evidence was obtained by agarose gel
      electrophoretic studies that both the tetracycline resistance and the penicillin
      resistance determinants are located on separate plasmids in this organism.

PMID- 158425
TI  - Separation of odontoblast Ca2+-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase.
AB  - Ca2+-ATPase activity was solubilized, partly purified, and separated from
      nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity (APase1) of dentinogenically active rat
      incisor odontoblasts. Attempts were made to extract the enzymes by various
      agents, such as Triton X-100, deoxycholate, butanol, EDTA, and buffers of
      decreasing ionic strength. Solubilization by butanol followed by extraction with
      low concentrations of EDTA proved to be most effective. Purification and
      separation were done by molecular sieve chromatography. Ca2+-ATPase showed no
      activity against p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP) or inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi)
      and was unaffected by R 8231 [+/-)-6(m-bromophenyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo(2,1
      b)thiazole oxalate]. It was activated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in equimolar
      concentrations with the substrate. The enzyme was rapidly inactivated in the
      solubilized state. An apparent molecular weight of about 18,000 was obtained from
      molecular sieve data. APase, showing activity against ATP, PPi, and p-NPP, was
      virtually totally inhibited by R 8231. It was activated by Mg2+ ions but slightly
      reduced in activity by Ca2+ ions. It had an apparent mol. wt. of 79,000. The
      results provide direct evidence for earlier suggestions of the existence in hard
      tissue forming cells of two phosphatases active at alkaline pH.

PMID- 158427
TI  - Features peculiar to the trigeminal innervation.

PMID- 158429
TI  - Analysis of lymphocytes reactive to histocompatibility antigens. III. Detection
      of inclusion among allo-reactive lymphocyte populations by specific depletion of
      reactive cells.

PMID- 158428
TI  - Isolation of the chicken beta-globin gene and a linked embryonic beta-like globin
      gene from a chicken DNA recombinant library.
AB  - A library of random chicken DNA fragments, 15-22 kb long, has been prepared in
      the vector lambda Charon 4A. This library was screened with combined adult and
      embryonic globin cDNA, and several independent globin gene-containing
      recombinants were isolated. One of these recombinants, lambda Chicken beta-globin
      1 (lambda C beta G1), contains the adult chicken beta-globin gene and a closely
      linked embryonic beta-like globin gene. Both genes are transcribed in the same
      direction with the adult gene located 5' to the embryonic gene. Electron
      microscopic visualization of R loop structures generated by hybridization of
      globin RNA to lambda C beta G1 demonstrates that both globin genes contain major
      intervening sequences about 800 bp long, similar to those present in mammalian
      beta-globin genes. The adult beta-globin gene also contains a minor
      (approximately 100 bp long) intervening sequence analogous to the one observed in
      mammalian beta-globin genes. Restriction enzyme analysis of the adult beta-globin
      gene on lambda C beta G1 is consistent with the hypothesis that its two
      intervening sequences occur in the same positions with respect to the beta-globin
      amino acid sequence as do the corresponding mammalian intervening sequences.

PMID- 158430
TI  - Analysis of lymphocytes reactive to histocompatibility antigens. IV. Detection of
      inclusion among allo-reactive lymphocyte populations by specific enrichment for
      reactive cells.

PMID- 158431
TI  - The induction of hapten-specific immunological tolerance and immunity in B
      lymphocytes. V. Evidence for b-cell deletion in vitro with serum from tolerant
      mice.

PMID- 158432
TI  - Adoptive suppression of granuloma formation by T lymphocytes and by lymphoid
      cells sensitive to cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 158433
TI  - Distinction of anti-K562 and anti-allocytotoxicity in in vitro-stimulated
      populations of human lymphocytes.

PMID- 158434
TI  - A close relationship between cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated in the mixed
      lymphocyte culture and insulin receptor-bearing lymphocytes: enrichment by
      density gradient centrifugation.

PMID- 158435
TI  - Immunological properties of Fc receptor on lymphocytes. 7. Suppression of mixed
      lymphocyte reaction by Fc receptor-bearing splenic lymphocytes.

PMID- 158436
TI  - Characterization of embryonic liver suppressor cells by peanut agglutinin.

PMID- 158437
TI  - [The problem of speciality of LAL test in bacterial endotoxin-like substances
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 158438
TI  - [Serological examination in measles].

PMID- 158439
TI  - [First demonstration of natural foci of Leptospira pomona in the Czech Socialist
      Republic (author's transl)].

PMID- 158440
TI  - [New knowledge of rickettsiae and diseases they cause in humans (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 158441
TI  - [Resistance of microorganisms to disinfection compounds (author's transl)].

PMID- 158442
TI  - [Cloning of the hepatitis B virus genome in Escherichia coli].
AB  - The whole genome of the hepatitis B virus (Dane particles) was inserted in vitro
      in the genome of the bacteriophage lambda gtWES . LAMBDA B. The recombinant DNA
      molecule was cloned in E. coli. Amplification of the hybrid bacteriophage enables
      the preparation of large amounts of hepatitis B virus DNA. The possibilities
      offered by the utilization of this recombinant bacteriophage are discussed.

PMID- 158443
TI  - Development guidance.

PMID- 158444
TI  - Psychological factors in feeding disorders occurring in mentally or multiply
      handicapped children.
AB  - This is a discussion of the psychological aspects of non-organic feeding problems
      occurring in infancy and early childhood. There are particular difficulties
      caused by parental responses to a handicapped child and these increase the
      likelihood of feeding problems. The temperament and personality of the child can
      pose additional problems. Early counselling for families of handicapped babies
      can facilitate normal mourning and the mobilization of practical help, and reduce
      the incidence of non-organic feeding problems.

PMID- 158445
TI  - Interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular hypertrophy. An
      echocardiographic study.
AB  - Septal and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thicknesses and their ratios
      were studied at the left ventricular outflow tract and left ventricular cavity in
      66 patients with echocardiographically diagnosed left ventricular concentric
      hypertrophy, 20 with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), and 34
      normal subjects. Concentric hypertrophy was due to hypertension in 41 subjects
      and to valvular disease in 15 subjects. Septal thickness in normal subjects was
      related to body surface area (p less than 0.02). In 12% of normal subjects, 39%
      of patients with concentric hypertrophy and 95% with IHSS, the septal/LVPW ratio
      was greater than or equal to 1.3. Thirty-two percent of patients with
      hypertension, 78% with aortic stenosis, and 60% with aortic insufficiency had
      septal/LVPW ratios greater than or equal to 1.3 at left ventricular midcavity
      level. In conclusion, a septal/LVPW thickness ratio of greater than or equal to
      1.3 is common in patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and may
      also occur in normal subjects. A ratio greater than or equal to 1.5 may be more
      specific for genetically determined asymmetric septal hypertrophy.

PMID- 158446
TI  - Adenylate cyclase and ATPase activities in red cell membranes of patients and
      genetic carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Basal adenylate cyclase activity was increased in red cell ghosts from both
      patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and their mothers when the activities
      were compared to proper age-matched controls. The activity of ATPase measured in
      the presence of Na+, K+, and Mg2+ was not found to be different in erythrocyte
      ghosts from Duchenne dystrophic patients, age-matched controls, or the mothers of
      Duchenne patients, and ouabain inhibited ATPase in ghosts to the same extent in
      all membrane preparations.

PMID- 158447
TI  - A chromosome survey of a hospital for the mentally subnormal.
AB  - A cytogenetic survey of 756 resident, but otherwise unselected, mentally retarded
      patients in a Scottish hospital is reported. The karyotypes of all patients were
      examined using orcein-stained cells, and those found to be abnormal, other than
      those with standard trisomy 21, were further investigated using a banding
      technique. A total of 103 patients were found to have an abnormal chromosome
      complement, of whom 91 had Down's syndrome (including six with translocations),
      six had some other autosomal abnormality, and six had an abnormality of the sex
      chromosome complement, including two with an XXYY complement. Details of the
      clinical and cytogenetic features are presented.

PMID- 158448
TI  - Immunological and purine enzyme studies on hyperuricaemic and normouricaemic
      patients with Down's syndrome.
AB  - Hyperuricaemia in Down's syndrome is unreleated to the activity of
      phosphoribosylamidotransfrease, which catalyses the activity of the first
      specific step on the purine biosynthetic pathway, and to the activity of
      hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
      synthetase, abnormalities of which are known to be associated with
      hyperuricaemia. Immunological studies involving serum immunoglobulins, natural E.
      coli antibodies, test immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide type III
      (PnPS), in vitro lymphocyte transformation to mitogens, and pokeweed mitogen
      (PWM) induced immunoglobulin production showed no difference between
      hyperuricaemic or normouricaemic Down's patients and institutionalized controls.
      The Down's patients had higher serum IgA, IgG and IgE, and some also produced
      more immunoglobulin in PWM-stimulated lymphocyte cultures when compared to normal
      healthy controls. However, both patients with Down's syndrome and the
      institutionalized controls had significantly lower responses to PnPs than normal
      healthy controls. The only deficiency confined to the Down's patients was a
      signficant depression in delayed hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene. These
      findings indicate that the in vivo abnormality of depressed cellular and humoral
      immunity in Down's patients is not paralleled by in vitro function as measured by
      PHA lymphocyte transformation and immunoglobulin production by PWM-stimulated
      lymphocytes. There is also no apparent link between a putative defect in purine
      metabolism in Down's patients and any immunological abnormalities.

PMID- 158449
TI  - Relationship of donor-specific mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity to graft
      function in recipients of cadaveric renal allografts.
AB  - The response of twelve cadaveric renal allograft recipients was serially studied
      in one-way MLC using the specific donor spleen lymphocytes as stimulating cells.
      The stimulation index (SI) progressively decreased between the second and the
      eighteenth post-transplantation week in the presence of normal plasma. The
      appearance of MLC non-reactivity (SI of less than 2.3) correlated well with the
      achievement of excellent graft function. In nine recipients allograft rejections
      have not occurred once the non-reactive state in cultures with normal plasma was
      established. In two of the recipients reactivity reappeared after an interval of
      non-reactive phase. In both instances rejection followed such reactivity and non
      reactivity followed successful management of rejection. In one patient severe
      irreversible allograft rejection occurred in spite of the appearance of an early
      MLC non-reactive phase. This patient developed donor-specific lymphocytotoxic
      antibodies and his rejection was perhaps of antibody mediated type. Donor
      specific MLC reactivity may represent cellular immune response of host to an
      allograft and predict cellular allograft rejection.

PMID- 158450
TI  - Selective defects in T cell function in ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - We have studied three patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) and found two of
      them to have a normal mixed leucocyte culture stimulating and responding ability.
      However, all three patients and one parent had defective cell-mediated
      lympholysis (CML), even in the face of a potent proliferative response to
      allogeneic leucocytes. None of these patients showed significant proliferative
      responses to common microbial antigens (tetanus toxoid, Candida albicans,
      purified protein derivative (PPD), diphtheria toxoid, influenza). Our studies
      indicate tha the T cell defect in AT preferentially affects certain T cell
      functions associated with antigen recognition and the generation of allogeneic
      CML, while sparing the allogeneic proliferative response. The selective
      deficiency of specific lymphocyte functions in a thymic immunodeficiency with a
      known defect in DNA repair is consistent with the concept that DNA modulating
      enzymes are important for T cell function.

PMID- 158451
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid and the choroid plexus during acute immune complex disease.

PMID- 158452
TI  - Genetic control of suppressor lymphocyte function in myasthenia gravis:
      relationship of impaired suppressor function to HLA-B8/DRW3 and cold reactive
      lymphocytotoxic antibodies.

PMID- 158453
TI  - Humoral regulation of granulopoiesis.

PMID- 158454
TI  - Experimental and clinical megakaryocytopoiesis.

PMID- 158455
TI  - Screening and diagnosis in ovarian cancer.

PMID- 158457
TI  - Transduction versus "conjuduction": evidence for multiple roles for exonuclease V
      in genetic recombination in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 158456
TI  - recA-mediated recombination of bacteriophage lambda: structure of recombinant and
      intermediate DNA molecules and their packaging in vitro.

PMID- 158458
TI  - Mechanisms of action of the type-I restriction endonuclease, ecoB, and the recBC
      DNase from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 158459
TI  - Chi.

PMID- 158460
TI  - Nucleotide-sequence analysis of a chi site.

PMID- 158461
TI  - Early steps in genetic recombination induced by damaged DNA: cutting in trans in
      E coli cells and in protein extracts.

PMID- 158463
TI  - Integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda: in vitro study of the
      intermolecular reaction.

PMID- 158462
TI  - Site-specific recombination in bacteriophage lambda: structural features of
      recombining sites.

PMID- 158464
TI  - The role of lambda integrase in integration and excision.

PMID- 158465
TI  - Site-specific recombination of bacteriophage lambda: the role of host gene
      products.

PMID- 158466
TI  - Regulatory structure of the insertion region of bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 158467
TI  - Integration and excision of prophage lambda mediated by the IS 1 element.

PMID- 158468
TI  - Demonstration and analysis of P1 site-specific recombination using lambda-P1
      hybrid phages constructed in vitro.

PMID- 158469
TI  - Integration of bacteriophage mu DNA.

PMID- 158470
TI  - Site-specific recombination in phage mu.

PMID- 158471
TI  - Mini-mu: an insertion element derived from temperate phage mu-1.

PMID- 158472
TI  - Properties of the recombinant plasmid pGP1 containing part of the early region of
      bacteriophage mu.

PMID- 158473
TI  - Translocation and other recombination events involving the tetracycline
      resistance element Tn10.
AB  - Insertions of Tn10 are characterized by the presence of a direct repetition of a
      9-bp target gene sequence on either side the insertion. The occurrence of these
      repetitions undoubtedly reflects an important feature of the way in which DNA
      molecules are broken and joined during translocation. Our experiments further
      suggest, however, that these 9-bp sequences are probably not responsible for Tn10
      insertion specificity and that their presence is not required for normal Tn10
      translocation elsewhere. We therefore suggest that the genetic information which
      controls the quality and quantity of Tn10 translocation actually resides
      somewhere other than these 9-bp sequences. We presume that much of this
      information lies within the ends of Tn10 itself and that signals on the target
      DNA which guide Tn10 to preferred positions must occur near, but not actually at,
      the eventual physical site of the integration event. Consideration of  Tn10
      promoted deletions and inversions reemphasizes the role of these ends in Tn10
      promoted recombination events. Since Tn10-promoted events almost always consist
      in joining the physical end of one of the putative IS sequences of Tn10 to some
      other DNA segment, one comes again to the conclusion that these ends must contain
      important genetic information governing recombination events.

PMID- 158474
TI  - Studies of the specificity and control of transposition of the Tn3 element.

PMID- 158475
TI  - Sequence analysis at IS1 insertion sites: models for transposition.

PMID- 158476
TI  - Characteristics of purified recA protein and the regulation of its synthesis in
      vivo.

PMID- 158477
TI  - Activity of the Escherichia coli recA-gene product.

PMID- 158478
TI  - Enzymatic cleavage of D loops.

PMID- 158479
TI  - Recombination in hybrid ColEl DNAs as analyzed by lambda-mediated transduction.

PMID- 158480
TI  - Heteroduplex regions in unduplicated bacteriophage lambda recombinants.

PMID- 158481
TI  - Microsurgery of the fallopian tube.

PMID- 158482
TI  - Fibrogenesis and biosynthesis of elastin in cartilage.
AB  - This study presents direct evidence that dissociated chondroblasts from rabbit
      ear cartilage grown in vitro are capable of synthesizing insoluble elastin.
      Ultrastructural examination indicated that at an early stage of tissue
      development, elastogenesis is initiated producing a form of primary fibrils which
      later condense into an electron dense amorphous material which, unlike other
      elastin-containing tissues, is heavily stained by metal cations and lacks
      peripheral microfibrils. Native elastic fibrils and the mature elastic fiber
      bundles are both susceptible to elastase digestion. Transmission
      electronmicroscopy demonstrated the presence of many intracellular filaments all
      showing a substructural organization and localized in close proximity to the
      nucleus. Their possible contractile nature is discussed. Amino acid analysis of
      cartilage elastin and of the elastin synthesized in vitro revealed a close
      chemical similarity between the two molecules. Ultrastructural analysis of the in
      vitro elastin demonstrated a substructural organization quite similar to that of
      the elastin observed in an in vivo system.

PMID- 158483
TI  - Experimental studies of the elastic fiber of the capsular ligament: influence of
      ageing and sex hormones on the hip joint capsule of rats.

PMID- 158484
TI  - Chondroitin sulfates and proteoglycans from normal and arthrosic human cartilage.
AB  - The structure of chondroitin sulfates and proteoglycans extracted from human
      normal young and adult cartilages and also from human arthrosic cartilages are
      reported. The adult articular cartilage contains almost exclusively chondroitin 6
      sulfate, whereas the normal young and the arthrosic cartilage chondroitin
      sulfates are hybrid polymers, containing 4-sulfated and 6-sulfated disaccharide
      units, distributed in a quite random way along the molecules. The young cartilage
      proteoglycans also differ from the adult cartilage proteoglycans by their
      contents of keratan sulfate, the relative proportion of nonaggregating
      proteoglycans and electrophoretic migration in agarose gel slabs. The
      proteoglycans from arthrosic cartilages are very similar to those from young
      normal cartilages. Such changes in composition could lead to alterations in the
      proportion and size of the aggregates they form in the cartilages, furnishing the
      conditions for the processes of growth and calcification to occur.

PMID- 158485
TI  - The influence of mechanical forces on the glycosaminoglycan content of the rabbit
      flexor digitorum profundus tendon.

PMID- 158486
TI  - Circadian rhythms and the urinary excretion of acid glycosaminoglycans in normal
      human adults.
AB  - Urine from normal human adults (11 males, 4 females) was collected for 24 hours
      in four-hour samples, commencing at 08.00 hours. The urine volume, and
      concentrations of chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, cetylpyridinium
      turbidity, and creatinine were measured on every sample. Concentrations and total
      output of glycosaminoglycans were significantly higher in male urine than in
      female urine. Chondroitin sulfate total output/four hours showed a significant
      negative correlation with creatinine concentration in males, but not in females.
      A testicular hyaluronidase is implicated. No such correlation was observed for
      heparan sulfate. Glycosaminoglycans are filtered into the urine. Plasma
      clearances are very low. Heparan sulfate is excreted with a circadian rhythm, as
      is glycosaminoglycan assayed by cetyl pyridinium turbidity. Peak excretions are
      at 06.00 and 10.00 hours respectively. Chondroitin sulfate excretion is not
      rhythmic in the male, perhaps because hyaluronidase activity in the urine
      complicates the assay. A rhythm may be present in the female.

PMID- 158487
TI  - Obituary: Wolfgang Grassman: 1898--1978.

PMID- 158488
TI  - The relationship between interventricular septum thickness and its function. An
      echocardiographic study.
AB  - By means of a single beam echocardiography the authors investigated the
      relationship between interventricular septum diastolic thickness and its
      function, evaulated as percentage of systolic thickening. 55 persons were
      examined, partly healthy subjects and partly those with various cardiac diseases,
      excluding the cases with reversed septum motion or local septum dyskinesis. The
      found correlation between septum thickness and its function was exponential and
      statistically significant (p less than 0.001; r = --0.805). Thus, the hypothesis
      concerning the quantitatively dependent deterioration of the septum function on
      the degree of its hypertrophy was confirmed.

PMID- 158490
TI  - Alcohol membrane interaction in the brain: biological adaptation.

PMID- 158489
TI  - Inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets by beta, gamma-methylene
      ATP.
AB  - Like ATP the analogue beta, gamma-methylene-ATP (AMP-PCP) is shown to be an
      inhibitor of both ADP-induced shape change and aggregation of human platelets.
      The effect of AMP-PCP on aggregation is not dependent on its conversion to
      adenosine, though in the presence of plasma adenosine is produced and the
      inhibitory effect is enhanced. Since AMP-PCP cannot be enzymatically cleaved at
      the beta, gamma-position the inhibitory effect cannot be attributed to
      utilisation of the analogue by a surface-located ATPase as has been suggested for
      ATP. Alternative explanations for the effect are considered with respect to some
      current theories of ADP-induced platelet aggregation.

PMID- 158491
TI  - The kinin system and its relations to other systems.

PMID- 158492
TI  - [Special dental problems of the developmental period in handicapped children].

PMID- 158493
TI  - [Report on a visit to the Department of Pediatric Stomatology in Bucharest].

PMID- 158494
TI  - Alum solution for prevention of dermal maceration and erosion among rice farmers
      in Shanghai districts.

PMID- 158495
TI  - [Abdomens left open].

PMID- 158496
TI  - ECG alterations with progressive left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneous
      hypertension.
AB  - Although many ECG criteria exist for diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy
      (LVH) in hypertensive man, little is known of which specific ECG changes
      accompany progression of LVH with duration of hypertension. The spontaneously
      hypertensive rat (SHR) provides the best animal model thus far developed for
      studying this process since these animals demonstrate a progressive increase in
      left ventricular/body weight ratio with age. Electrocardiograms were performed
      under light ether anesthesia in four age groups of SHR and two normotensive
      Wistar strains (NR and WKY). Analysis of variance for two factors (rat strain and
      age) revealed progressively increased QRS and P-wave duration and delay in
      intrinsicoid deflection in SHR (p less than 0.001). Bipeak P-wave notching was
      also noted in SHR similar to left atrial abnormality in hypertensive man. Thus,
      specific ECG indices can be identified in association with the known progressive
      increase in left ventricular mass in SHR and should provide a better means to
      understand evolving ECG changes in LVH.

PMID- 158498
TI  - [Possibility of correcting a hereditary defect in drosophila by genetic
      engineering technics].

PMID- 158497
TI  - Gut mucosal lymphocytes in inflammatory bowel disease: isolation and preliminary
      functional characterization.
AB  - We have developed an enzymatic technique for isolating human intestinal mucosal
      lymphoid cells. This method was found to be superior to mechanical methods in
      regard to cell yield and survival. It is based on treating mucosa with serum-free
      solutions containing collagenase and deoxyribonuclease, followed by isolating the
      lymphoid cells through centrifugation steps involving fetal calf serum and ficoll
      hypaque. Exposure of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the components of the
      enzymatic solution did not appreciably alter their uptake of tritiated thymidine
      in the presence or absence of mitogens. Application of the method to derive
      lymphoid cells from Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and normal intestinal
      mucosa has shown that gut mucosal lymphocytes from inflammatory bowel disease (1)
      exceed the number of those from normal mucosa by a factor of 3 to 5; (2) show
      different degrees of tritiated thymidine uptake, spontaneously and in response to
      mitogens, depending upon the time they are harvested during the dissociation
      process; (3) are better stimulators than responders in the allogeneic mixed
      lymphocyte reaction; (4) generate suppressor cell activity comparable to that of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes; (5) cannot, in contrast to peripheral blood
      lymphocytes, generate antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity; and (6)
      produce an average of 5 times more IgM than equal numbers of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 158499
TI  - Polymorphisms of oxidation at carbon centers of drugs and their clinical
      significance.

PMID- 158500
TI  - [Cement ulcers].
AB  - It is told of a toxic contact dermatitis of a mason with hitherto intact skin.
      One is searching for the reason of this rarely appearing skin damage by taking
      into consideration the chemical process during the cement preparation as well as
      in the following working process. The low number of cases known so far in
      relation to the millions of tons of processed cement on the one hand and the
      serious professional consequences for the persons concerned on the other have
      caused us to discuss once again the causal correlations in this essay.

PMID- 158501
TI  - [Persistance of epidermal sensitizations in occupational allergic contact eczemas
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Allergic contact eczemas occur in the region of Halle (DDR) in the chemical
      industry, in health services, in architecture, in the metal industry and in local
      logistics. In 732 cases of occupational eczemas, "para"-substances, chromates,
      plastic materials and adhesives, technical oils and fats, turpentine oil,
      dyestuffs and disinfectants were the principal noxious substances. Phenothiazine,
      synthetic resins and adhesives, nickel, turpentine oil, chromates, iodine, p
      phenylendiamine, mercury compounds, etc. cause epidermal sensitizations that
      persist up to 10-12 years. Sensitized persons must strictly avoid these noxious
      substances, even in their para-professional shere; repeated tests should be
      abandoned because the epidermal sensitization might be "boosted".

PMID- 158502
TI  - [Lyell' syndrome: a review with special regard to the form caused by drugs
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical evolution of Lyell' syndrome (LS), its complications, the
      histological findings, the nosological position and the differentiation from
      erythema exsudativum multiforme are dealt with. There are at least two
      etiological forms of LS: the LS caused by staphylococci, and the LS caused by
      drugs. The former mainly occurs in children, and is caused by staphylococci of
      the phagous group II, while the latter is mainly caused by sulfonamides,
      pyrazolones, penicillines, barbiturates and salicylates. The causative
      responsibility of a certain drug can be proved by three criteria: 1. Relapse of
      LS after exposure to the same drug. 2. Allergy to the drug taken before the onset
      of LS. 3. Positive allergy tests. The hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of
      LS caused by drugs, the differential diagnosis and therapeutical guidelines are
      dealt with.

PMID- 158503
TI  - [New German legislation on occupational dermatoses (author's transl)].
AB  - According to the new German legislation on occupational dermatoses of January 1,
      1977, a person suffering from an occupational dermatosis can be idemnified only
      in case that occupational disease "has compelled him to abstain from all
      activities that have caused or might be responsible of, the appearance, the
      aggravation or the recurrence of that disease".

PMID- 158504
TI  - [Polyvalent contact allergy in a florist].
AB  - A female florist, who ran a flowershop from 1954 to 1966 had to quit her job
      because of her known contact allergy due to chrysanthemums and primrose. Though
      in the meantime 12 years had passed she suffered occasionally from redness of the
      pharynx and stomachache after ingestion of tea prepared from yarrow and camomile.
      Cleaning off her garden from weeds and frequently followed by swelling of her
      face and pruritus. After epicutaneous testing she developed positive reactions to
      chrysanthemum as well as cross reactions to sunflower, arnica, camomile, yarrow,
      tansy, mugwort and frullania (this lichen does not occur in the Northern part of
      Germany). Patch test with primin revealed the persistence of the highgrade
      hypersensitivity to Primula.

PMID- 158505
TI  - [Allergen specificity in protein dermatitis (Hjorth)].
AB  - Combination of animal specific antigen reactions and tissue specific factors were
      found in a female patient with protein dermatitis (Jorth). Positive reactions to
      muscle-tissue of pigs but no reaction to renal tissue of pigs, tested
      intracutaneously were obtained. These observations suggest, that muscle specific
      aminoacids 3-methyl-histidine, monomethyl lysin and tri-methyl-lysin cause
      antigen reactions.

PMID- 158506
TI  - [Pilonidal sinus in a hairdresser].
AB  - The patient is a 28-year-old hairdresser who began his apprenticeship after
      school and has worked in this profession since then. Within the last two years
      fistulas formed on both hands between the second and third fingers in which hairs
      accumulated during his daily work of cutting hair. So an infection with
      lymphadenitis occurred. The excision lead to the histological result of an
      interdigital pilonidal-sinus.

PMID- 158507
TI  - [Work group for the control of occupational dermatoses and contact eczema in the
      European Socialist countries. Contact Dermatitis Research group in CMEA
      Countries].

PMID- 158508
TI  - [Recognition of a skin disease as an occupational disease according to the
      current legislation].
AB  - Admission of the insurance qualifying occupational skin disease (No. 5101 of
      Schedule 1 of the Occupational Disease Regulations = BeKV) has as its pre
      requisite the availability of the medical evidence. The beginning of the period
      qualifying for insurance benefit shall be determined retrospectively. A hazardous
      activity appertains even if only a minor portion of the field of activity is the
      cause of the disease. Qualifying for insurance benefits requires that this
      activity shall have been finally given up and that the same or other hazardous
      activities are avoided in the future. This prognosis must have a good measure of
      probability. Otherwise, if the insured acts in bad faith, a pension may be
      withheld; if the insured acted in good faith a worsening of a syndrome by the
      hazardous activity (whether carried on as occupation or on one's own behalf) is
      not compensated for. The insurance qualifying date, furthermore, is dependent on
      the necessity for first-time medical treatment, medicines or therapeutic agents,
      or the incapacity for work, or the arising of a pension-qualifying reduction in
      earning power.

PMID- 158509
TI  - [Compensation claim in occupational dermatoses].

PMID- 158510
TI  - [Allergic contact dermatitis caused by dandelions (Taraxacum officinale
      Wiggers)].

PMID- 158511
TI  - [Occupational dermatoses in workers of a prefabricated houses' factory].
AB  - Dermatological examinations in workers of the Dwelling Houses Factory were
      performed 1-5 years apart. On the whole 1011 subjects have been examined. The
      most frequent professional disease was oil acne brought about by the contact with
      anti-adhesive oils. The effects of the kind of anti-adhesive oils, the post at
      work (degree of exposure to the contact with oil) as well as the work period on
      the acne changes have been analyzed. It was found that the most acnogenic
      preparation was formol, then ceramic oil while isoform proved to be much less
      active. It was shown that the longer the work period the more decreased the oil
      acne morbidity. A low percentage of allergic contact eruption (1.8%) is probably
      related to the highly mechanized production cycle.

PMID- 158512
TI  - [Gonococcal pharyngitis in a woman with genital gonorrhea].
AB  - Gonococci were isolated from pharyngeal swabs in a woman suffering from genital
      gonorrhoea. She admitted orogenital contact at her most recent intercourse. A
      single dose treatment with spectinomycin cured the genital and pharyngeal
      infections.

PMID- 158513
TI  - Contact sensitivity to phenylglycidyl ether.
AB  - From among 40 workers with dermatitis who did not have contact with
      phenylglycidyl ether but worked with epoxy resins, 5 were positive to Epidian 5
      and phenylglycidyl ether. Cross reactions between these contactants were noted in
      3 of the 17 guinea pigs with primary sensitization to epoxy resin or the tested
      diluent. For 58 persons coming into contact with phenylglycidyl ether the
      frequency of sensitization to the contactant was determined and the mean period
      between starting work and the occurrence of dermatitis was calculated.

PMID- 158514
TI  - [The allergenic nature of p-tert-butylphenolformaldehyde resin].
AB  - Until now allergic contact dermatitis to polychloroprene glues was thought to be
      caused by uncondensed p-tert.-butylphenol (monomer) or by the p-tert. burylphenol
      formaldehyde resin molecule (polycondensate) as allergens. This opinion could not
      be verified. We found the following two contact allergens: 2-hydroxy-5-tert.
      butylbenzyl alcohol and a four nuclear-condensate from four p-tert-butylphenol
      molecules linear combined by methylene bridges.

PMID- 158515
TI  - [Occupational skin disease in a beautician (Occupational Diseases Legislation
      Appendix 1 No. 5101)].

PMID- 158516
TI  - [Contact urticaria provoked by egg (author's transl)].

PMID- 158518
TI  - Genetic screening of compounds used in drug abuse treatment. I. Naltrexone
      hydrochloride.
AB  - Several compounds used clinically in drug abuse therapy were evaluated for
      genetic activity in a series of in vitro assays. This initial report describes
      the results for one of these compounds, Naltrexone. Nalrexone is a relatively
      nontoxic drug antagonist related to Naloxone which appears to be effective in
      diminishing the euphoria and dependence upon heroin in clinical studies. With the
      exception of weak nonspecific DNA damage observed in an E. coli DNA repair test
      and possibly with WI-38 cells as well, Naltrexone did not demonstrate significant
      potential for the induction of gene mutations or chromosomal aberrations under
      the conditions of this evaluation.

PMID- 158517
TI  - [Allergic skin reactions in metallurgic industries (author's transl)].
AB  - The sensitizing properties of additives to cooling emulsions are reviewed.
      Presently the majority oft skin disorders due to cooling emulsions is of toxic
      and not of allergic origin. However, the introduction of new chemical substances
      either as substitutes of nitrites or for a more effective preservation may
      reverse this ratio especially if potent allergens are used unitentionally. In
      evaluating the advantage of a new additive its possible sensitizing properties
      has to be considered.

PMID- 158519
TI  - Serotonin as a differentiation signal in early neurogenesis.
AB  - The hypothesis that serotonin (5-HT) influences the onset of differentiation
      (cessation of division) of prospective 5-HT target neurons during embryogenesis
      was tested by administering the 5-HT depleting drug p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA)
      to pregnant rats and dating the time of last cell division for fetal neurons
      using long survival 3H-thymidine autoradiography. PCPA specifically retarded the
      onset of neuronal differentiation in brain regions known to contain 5-HT
      terminals or to have a high 5-HT content in the adult (5-HT target cells).
      Conversely, the 'stress' of daily vehicle injections accelerated onset of
      differentiation in these regions, possibly due to stimulation of 5-HT synthesis
      by glucocorticoids. These data support the model of 5-HT as a humoral signal for
      the differentiation of cells later recognized by 5-HT neurons as appropriate
      targets for synaptogenesis.

PMID- 158520
TI  - [Efficacy of electric stimulation of respiratory muscle groups on respiration and
      gas exchange (animal and human)].

PMID- 158521
TI  - Endoscopic therapy of a congenital oesophageal stricture.
AB  - A sixteen months old girl with Down's-Syndrome suffered from congenital
      oesophageal membrane and segmental oesophageal stricture. In the neonatal period,
      two other associated malformations of the gastrointestinal tract (malrotation of
      gut and duodenal web) had been operated successfully. The first endoscopic
      examination of the eosophagus was performed at the age of sixteen months because
      of increasing dysphagia. A solid membrane in the lower part of the oesophagus was
      incised by diathermy. The associated segmental stenosis necessitated repeated
      bougienages. After this treatment the child developed well without clinical signs
      of dysphagia.

PMID- 158522
TI  - Adenosine triphosphatase of Aspergillus nidulans: existence of isoenzymes of Ca2+
      ATPase.
AB  - Ca2+-ATPase activity increased five- to six fold when the cells were subjected to
      growth at 37 degrees C in protein hydrolysate-supplemented media as compared to
      that of the cells grown in minimal media. One major isoenzyme and one minor
      isoenzyme were present in minimal-medium-grown cells while two major isoenzymes
      were present in the cells grown in protein-supplemented media. When the cells
      were subjected to heat stress (43 degrees C), they exhibited significantly
      decreased activity as compared to 37 degrees C grown cells. However, all the
      cultures subjected to growth at 43 degrees C showed two isoenzymes independent of
      growth medium.

PMID- 158523
TI  - The Fourth Sir Frederick Hobday Memorial Lecture. Back problems in the horse--a
      look at past, present and future progress.

PMID- 158524
TI  - Kinetics of the reactions between streptokinase, plasmin and alpha 2-antiplasmin.
AB  - Streptokinase reacts very rapidly with human plasmin (rate constant 5.4 S 10(7) M
      1 s-1) forming a 1:1 stoichiometric complex which has a dissociation constant of
      5 X 10(-11) M. This plasmin-streptokinase complex is 10(5) times less reactive
      towards alpha 2-antiplasmin than plasmin, the inhibition rate constant being 1.4
      X 10(2) M-1 s-1. The loss of reactivity of the streptokinase-plasmin complex
      towards alpha 2-antiplasmin is independent of the lysine binding sites in plasmin
      since low-Mr plasmin, which lacks these sites, and plasmin in which the sites
      have been blocked by 6-aminohexanoic acid, are both equally unreactive towards
      alpha 2-antiplasmin on reaction with streptokinase. The plasmin-streptokinase
      complex binds to Sepharose-lysine and Sepharose-fibrin monomer in the same
      fashion as free plasmin, showing that the lysine binding sites are fully exposed
      in the complex. Bovine plasmin is rapidly inhibited by human alpha 2-antiplasmin
      (k1 = 1.6 X 10(6) M-1 s-1) and similarly loses reactivity towards the inhibitor
      on complex formation with streptokinase (50% binding at 0.4 microM
      streptokinase).

PMID- 158525
TI  - Differential binding of myosin subfragment one species to immobilized ADP, and
      actin: the influence of the alkali light chains.

PMID- 158526
TI  - Primary structure of human fibrinogen and fibrin. Structural studies on NH2
      terminal part of B beta chain.
AB  - The cyanogen bromide fragment, N-DSK, containing the NH2-terminal portions of the
      three chains of fibrinogen, was found to exist in dimeric and polymeric forms.
      These different forms gave rise to identical chain fragments on reduction and
      alkylation. The B beta chain of N-DSK from fibrinogen and the beta chain of N-DSK
      from fibrin were isolated and characterized. The B beta chain fragment has a
      blocked NH2-terminal residue, and fibrinopeptide B is released on digestion with
      thrombin. The beta chain fragment has glycine as NH2-terminal residue. The
      molecular weight of the B beta chain fragment is 12200 as determined by
      ultracentrifugal analysis. Gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate gave
      the molecular weights of 14000 and 13000 for the B beta chain and beta chain
      fragments, respectively. The NH2-terminal B beta chain fragment consists of 118
      amino acid residues and the beta chain fragment of 104 residues. The amino acid
      sequence of beta chain fragment is identical to B beta chain fragment except for
      the fibrinopeptide B portion. The isolation of a B beta-related fragment (B beta
      +), with a molecular weight of 30000, is also reported. The presence of B beta +
      was explained on the basis of incomplete cleavage at the Met-118 residue during
      treatment with cyanogen bromide. Some functional aspects of the B beta chain
      fragment are discussed.

PMID- 158527
TI  - Investigation of soluble mitochondrial ATPase by the reacting enzyme
      sedimentation method.
AB  - Soluble mitochondrial ATPase from bovine heart (factor F1) loses its activity
      during ATP hydrolyses. The inactivation is accelerated by moderate pressure,
      which is generated in an ultracentrifuge cell. The rate of inactivation slows
      down if the concentration of the substrate (MgATP) is diminished. ATP hydrolysis
      proceeds at an almost constant rate if the substrate concentration is as low as
      0.05 mM. One intersubunit cross-link formed by dimethylsuberimidate per molecule
      of factor F1, prevents its inactivation during the ATPase reaction both without
      pressure and in an ultracentrifuge. Sedimentation coefficients measured by the
      reacting enzyme centrifugation method of both unmodified factor F1 at a low
      (about 0.05 mM MgATP) substrate concentration and of its dimethylsuberimidate
      cross-linked form in the presence of 10 mM MgATP, were determined to be s20, w =
      12.4 +/- 0.4 S. The value is the same as that obtained by the conventional
      boundary sedimentation method in the absence of the substrate. This result
      testifies to the fact that the conformation of reacting factor F1 in solution is
      similar to that of the enzyme in the absence of the substrate.

PMID- 158528
TI  - Level and turnover of polyadenylate-containing ribonucleic acid in Neurospora
      crassa in different steady states of growth.
AB  - Mycelia of Neurospora crassa in a steady state of growth in different media have
      a ribosomal content proportional to the rate of growth. Moreover, both the
      percentage of polysomes and the average ribosomal activity are about the same at
      all different growth rates. The content of polyadenylated RNA was determined in
      three different conditions of exponential growth, which allowed growth rates that
      ranged from 0.26 to 0.51 duplications/h, and was found to constitute about the
      same fraction of total RNA (4.5--5.2%). Using a kinetic approach, an equation was
      derived which allowed determination of the average half-lives of polyadenylated
      RNA: in each medium the cultures were labeled from the moment of the inoculation
      with [32P]orthophosphate and were then given a 10-min pulse with [5-3H]uridine
      when they were in the exponential phase. It was found that the determined half
      lives of polyadenylated RNA vary, depending on the growth medium, between 30 and
      60 min, but with no direct correlation with the growth rate. Moreover, the rate
      of synthesis of polyadenylated RNA relative to that of stable RNA decreased with
      the growth rate. On the basis of previous data on the rates of synthesis of
      stable RNA, it was possible to make an evaluation of the absolute rate of
      synthesis of polyadenylated RNA. Whereas the rate of synthesis of stable
      ribosomal RNA increases as a function of the square of the number of duplications
      per hour, the increase in the rate of synthesis of polyadenylated RNA with the
      growth rate is much less consistent. It is concluded that in Neurospora the
      growth rate does not depend on the rate of synthesis of mRNA but rather on the
      rate of synthesis of rRNA, which sets both the ribosomal level and the steady
      state level of mRNA.

PMID- 158529
TI  - A DNA-dependent ATPase of calf-thymus.
AB  - A DNA-dependent ATPase has been purified from calf thymus. The enzyme hydrolyses
      ATP and dATP in the presence of heat-denatured DNA. It does not hydrolyse the
      corresponding nucleoside triphosphates of guanine, uridine and cytosine. The Km
      values for ATP and dATP are both 0.62 mM. The enzyme requires magnesium or
      manganese ions. Its sedimentation coefficient is about 4.4 S. The catalytic
      activity is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide but is not sensitive to novobiocin and
      nalidixic acid which are potent inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase. In some
      cases, during purification, chromatographically distinct additional DNA-dependent
      ATPase activities were detected. Limited proteolysis or covalent modification of
      the enzyme in the tissues, or during the first steps of its extraction, are
      probably responsible for the appearance of these chromatographically distinct
      forms.

PMID- 158530
TI  - Calcium uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum of rat muscle: inhibition by DDT.
AB  - Sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments capable of accumulating calcium were isolated
      from rat skeletal muscle by differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation. The
      ability of these fragments to accumulate calcium was impaired by adding 2,2-bis
      (p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) to the assay medium at
      concentrations of 0.06 to 6 muM. DDT (6 muM) caused a sharp lag in calcium
      uptake, with an 82% reduction in reaction rate 30 sec after calcium was added and
      a 62% reduction after one min. Basal ATPase activity of the microsomal fraction
      was inhibited by DDT but the calcium-stimulated increment of ATP hydrolysis was
      not. The findings show that DDT hinders calcium uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum,
      but by some means other than inhibition of the calcium-stimulated ATPase. An
      apparent antagonism between DDT and ouabain or oligomycin was indicated. We
      propose that the presence of the lipid-soluble DDT molecule within the membrane
      of the sarcoplasmic reticulum interferes with the normal rapid uptake of calcium
      ions required for muscle relaxation, and that this interference may contribute to
      loss of muscle control in organisms poisoned by DDT.

PMID- 158531
TI  - Expression of Ly-6 alloantigen during differentiation of cytotoxic T cells.
AB  - We have prepared anti-Ly-6.2 by immunization of (CBA/Ca X A-Thy-1a)F1 with
      AKR/Crc lymphocytes and used the antiserum to study heterogencity of peripheral T
      lymphocytes. The Ly-6 alloantigen is found on all activated cytotoxic T cells
      studied, directed to a variety of different target antigens. The antiserum
      reveals heterogeneity among the precursors of T killer cells, i.e. allogeneic
      precursors are Ly-6-, whereas the generation of cytotoxic cells to hapten
      modified syngeneic cells and xenogeneic cells is partially abrogated by serum
      pretreatment. Precursors of some in vivo primed responses are also Ly-6+. These
      findings indicate that the expression of Ly-6 antigen is, at least, partially
      related to the stage of T cell activation. The in vitro proliferative response of
      T cells to allogeneic Ia antigens is substantially reduced by pretreatment with
      anti-Ly-6.2 serum suggesting that this antiserum may be a useful tool for the
      study of heterogeneity in the Ly-1+ pool of T cells.

PMID- 158532
TI  - Requirement of parental T lymphocytes for the in vitro induction of F1 hybrid
      anti-parent cytotoxicity.

PMID- 158533
TI  - Close association between particular I region-determined cell surface antigens
      and Ir gene-controlled immune responsiveness to synthetic polypeptides in wild
      rats.
AB  - The relationship between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and genetic
      control of immune responsiveness to the synthetic polypeptides (T,G)-A--L [poly
      (LTyr,LGlu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys)] and (H,G)-A--L [poly(LHis,L-Glu)-poly
      (DLAla)--poly(LLys)] has been studied in 26 wild rats. The major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype frequencies observed were not different
      from those expected according to the Hardy-Weinberg formula. More than half of
      the wild rats carried MHC-linked responder Ir-TGAL and Ir-HGAL genes. High or
      intermediate responsiveness to (T,G)-A--L and high responsiveness to (H,G)-A--L
      were always found to be associated with particular I region-determined cell
      surface antigens. These antigens could be identified serologically and by primary
      and secondary mixed lymphocyte reactions, and were similar or identical to I
      region products of (T,G)-A--L high responder or (H,G)-A--L intermediate responder
      inbred rat strains. The strong association between cell surface antigens and
      immune responsiveness could be due to linkage disequilibrium or to pleiotropy.
      Since the same I region-determined cell surface structure could be associated
      either with high or intermediate anti-(T,G)-A--L antibody titers, the presence of
      the Ia antigen(s) identified did not seem to guarantee high antibody
      responsiveness to the test antigen.

PMID- 158534
TI  - Functional mosaicism of the lymphocyte plasma membrane. II. Characterization of
      membrane subfractions of activated thymocytes.

PMID- 158535
TI  - Spontaneous activity and responses of reticular neurones in monoamine-depleted
      rats.
AB  - Depletion of rat brain serotonin by p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) pretreatment, or
      of monoamines by reserpine pretreatment, was associated with reduced spontaneous
      firing rates of bulbar reticular neurones. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan
      to PCPA-treated rats reversed the reduction of neuronal activity. It is suggested
      that the results indicate a tonic excitatory serotoninergic input to a
      significant proportion of these neurones, which is abolished by serotonin
      depletion. Responses to serotonin and noradrenaline were greater in PCPA-treated
      and reserpire-treated rats respectively, indicating the development of
      supersensitivity.

PMID- 158536
TI  - Body weight, feeding, and drinking behaviors in rats with kainic acid-induced
      lesions of striatal neurons--with a note on body weight symptomatology in
      Huntington's disease.

PMID- 158537
TI  - Pimozide and p-chlorophenylalanine blockade in DL-amphetamine and pargyline
      treated rats held at two environmental temperatures.
AB  - In rats, treated with DL-amphetamine + monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and held at
      an ambient temperature of 28.5 degrees C, hyperthermia was completely eliminated
      by treatment with pimozide + p-chlorophenyl-alanine. The same drugs markedly
      reduced the hypothermic effects in rats treated similarly at 4 degrees C. Results
      implied that serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurones were involved in the
      thermoregulatory effects of amphetamine.

PMID- 158538
TI  - An uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled neocarzinostatin into the cancer
      and normal cells.
AB  - An uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled neocarzinostatin into normal and
      cancerous epithelial cells from bladder was investigated. Results showed that
      neocarzinostatin traversed the cell membrane into cytosol and nuclei, and it
      appeared to have a preferential cytotoxicity for the cancer cell.

PMID- 158539
TI  - Circadian variation of the streptozotocin-diabetogenic effect in mice.
AB  - Streptozotocin was injected in normal mice every 4 h, during the day. Greatest
      number of diabetic animals were obtained at 16.00 h (95%) and lowest at 08.00 h
      (50%). Magnitude of hyperglycemia also showed similar distribution. This effect
      might be considered when planning its use for both experimental and clinical
      purposes.

PMID- 158540
TI  - Superprecipitation of heavy meromyosin with aggregated F-actin.

PMID- 158541
TI  - Presence of a HCO3--activated ATPase in pancreatic islets.

PMID- 158542
TI  - Octameric structure of yeast phosphofructokinase as determined by crosslinking
      with disuccinimidyl beta-hydromuconate.

PMID- 158543
TI  - Non-cooperative response of actin-cystein 373 in cooperatively behaving regulated
      actin filaments.

PMID- 158544
TI  - [Research on pharmacy in the RSFSR].

PMID- 158545
TI  - [Oleg Koz'mich Koz'minykh].

PMID- 158546
TI  - [Introduction into public health practice of the results of the research
      conducted at pharmaceutical colleges of the Russian Federation and the
      improvement in science planning].

PMID- 158548
TI  - Use of the laparoscope in the infertile patient.

PMID- 158549
TI  - Treatment of female infertility due to tubal obstruction by operative
      laparoscopy.
AB  - The advent in recent years of safe endocoagulation (thermocoagulation within the
      abdomen) has permitted operative laparoscopic treatment of the tubal factor in
      infertility in selected cases. This paper reviews the results of operative
      laparoscopy in 223 cases treated for infertility between 1971 and 1976. Tubal
      occlusion was present in 133 patients before surgical intervention. Following
      operative laparoscopy, tubal patency was demonstrated in 67% on testing at the
      time of operation and in 12% at the first postoperative hydrotubation. In only
      21% of cases was tubal patency not achieved by these methods. Those cases
      requiring isthmic salpingostomy, ampullary or isthmic-tubal implantation, or end
      to-end anastomosis were further treated by laparotomy and microsurgery. Ninety
      cases of pelvic endometriosis were treated by a combination treatment of
      thermocoagulation, ovarian cyst resection, and the antigonadotropin agent,
      danazol. Ovariolysis, salpingolysis, fimbrioplasty, and salpingostomy can easily
      be performed using operative laparoscopy as the method of choice with a minimum
      of complications, shortened hospitalization time (2 days), and the potential for
      a repeat procedure or a follow-up laparotomy should this be necessary. The
      pregnancy rate following laparoscopic treatment for the correction of distal
      tubal occlusion was 30.5% and for endometriosis genitalis externa, 40%. These
      rates compare favorably with the rates following procedures involving laparotomy
      and microsurgery for correction of similar lesions.

PMID- 158547
TI  - [Activities of the pharmacy administrations in the prewar period (1936-1940)].

PMID- 158550
TI  - The use of relative analgesia in the management of the child patient.

PMID- 158551
TI  - [Onychomycoses caused by moulds].
AB  - The authors studied in vitro and in vivo the invasion of the nail keratin by
      saprophytes. This invasion takes palce in the same way in both cases: mycelian
      filaments and spores penetrate in the hyponychium, filaments penetrate in the
      upper part of the tablet, filaments and, as far as some saprophytes are
      concerned, 'boring hyphae' penetrate in the lower part of the tablet. Those ways
      of invasion are responsible for the clinical pictures (onychomycosis,
      pachyonychia, leuconychomycosis). Electron microscopically the mycelian filaments
      appear to be both intercellular and intracellular. The authors insist in the
      importance of the criteria of evaluation which allow us to establish the
      saprophytic origin of onychomycosis.

PMID- 158552
TI  - [Opportunistic fungi. Demonstration of some cases].
AB  - Demonstration of some cases of mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi.

PMID- 158553
TI  - [Demonstrations].

PMID- 158554
TI  - [Congenital erythroderma, partly ichthyotic, partly psoriatic and recurrent
      infections].

PMID- 158555
TI  - Activation of the beef heart mitochondrial ATPase by cadmium ions.

PMID- 158556
TI  - The use of chromogenic substrates for the determination of kallikrein and other
      serine proteases in plasma and synovial fluid in man.

PMID- 158557
TI  - Cancer and environment.
AB  - The attention of scientists has been directed mostly to analyze the influence of
      the environment on tumor induction. However, the external environment can also
      enhance the reactivity of the host organism towards tumors, by activating several
      immune mechanisms. Moreover, the host organism is the first "foreign" environment
      with which tumor cells come into contact in a dynamic way, characterized by a
      continuous evolution.

PMID- 158558
TI  - Laparoscopic removal of intraperitoneal catheter.

PMID- 158559
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of steroids produced by chick embryo gonads cultured in the
      presence of some exogenous steroid precursors.

PMID- 158560
TI  - [New transducing phage with RNA polymerase beta- and beta'-subunit genes derived
      from a hybrid phage lambda att80: isolation, genetic analysis and physical
      mapping].
AB  - A hybrid lambda att 80 phage with the genetic structure lambda (A-J) phi 80 (att
      int-xis) imm lambda..cI857s7 is shown to be a convenient vector for creating
      transducing phages. On the one hand, the restriction analysis indicates that it
      has 3 restriction sites for EcoRI in comparison with 5 and 9 sites for parental
      phages lambda and phi 80 respectively. On the other hand, its buoyant density is
      less than that of phage lambda and under centrifugation it is easier separated
      from the phage transducing particles. When lambda att 80 prophage was excluded
      from the bfe locus of Escherichia coli, transducing phages with genes of two RNA
      polymerase beta-subunits (rpoB and rpoC) were isolated. To identify the latter, a
      convenient genetic test was worked out. A physical map of lambda att 80 drifd 35
      transducing phage, carrying rpoB and rpoC genes has been constructed using
      endonucleases EcoRI and HindIII. A comparison of this map and the corresponding
      maps of transducing phages lambda drifd 18 and lambda drifd 47, studied earlier,
      led to the discovery of two integration sites of phage lambda within the locus
      bfe spaced apart by about 1800 nucleotide pairs. At all the sites both phages
      (lambda and lambda att 80) have integrated in the locus bfe in the counter
      clockwise order.

PMID- 158561
TI  - [Industrial hygiene problems in the manufacture of organosilicon fluids].

PMID- 158562
TI  - [Occupational dermatoses in the manufacture of fiber glass plastics and the
      problems of rehabilitation].

PMID- 158563
TI  - [Prevalence and clinical course of biliary tract diseases among petrochemical
      industry workers].

PMID- 158564
TI  - Enzyme histochemistry of Wallerian degeneration in the immature optic nerve of
      rabbits.
AB  - A histochemical study was performed on the activity of several phosphatases,
      esterases and oxidoreductases in the immature optic nerve of rabbits undergoing
      Wallerian degeneration. Unilateral enucleations of the eye bulb were performed on
      7 days old animals and the degenerated optic nerves were examined in rabbits, 5,
      23, 63 and 173 days afterwards. The following results were obtained: 1. The
      reactive cells appearing in the immature optic nerve undergoing Wallerian
      degeneration exhibit distinctly increased activities of many hydrolytic and
      oxidoreductive enzymes. 2. The histoenzymic pattern of changes displayed by the
      reactive cells occurring in the immature, degenerating optic nerve is distinct
      from and bears no relation to that seen in the normally developing optic nerve.
      3. The genetic formation contained in the oligodendroglial cells is not the sole
      factor safeguarding the transformation of immature and mature oligodendroglia
      into myelinating cells.

PMID- 158565
TI  - Mode of action of antitumour antibiotic: Part II--Evidence for intercalation of
      mithramycin between DNA bases in the presence of Mg2+.

PMID- 158566
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on myofibrillar ATPase (m-ATPase) activity & body weight
      in adult albino rat (Rattus rattus).

PMID- 158567
TI  - Suppressor T-cells in BCG-infected mice.
AB  - Specific pathogen-free B6D2 hybrid mice were infected with high (10(8) cells,
      intravenous), moderate (10(6) cells, intravenous), and low 10(3) cells,
      aerogenic) doses of viable BCG Pasteur. The growth of the BCG in the lungs and
      spleens of the three groups was followed over a 90-day period and correlated with
      the level of tuberculin hypersensitivity. Spleen cells were harvested from the
      three groups of mice at increasing time intervals and filtered through nylon wool
      to remove adherent cells, and the level of blast transformation after exposure to
      phytohemagglutinin and purified protein derivative was determined. Early in the
      BCG infection both the high- and the intermediate-dose groups showed enhanced
      thymidine incorporation by the spleen cell cultures, followed by a profound
      depression late in the infection. At this time, both groups of mice were anergic
      to purified protein derivative injected into footpads. Cell mixing studies
      demonstrated the presence of a population of suppressor cells in the spleens of
      the anergic animals. The suppressive abilities of these cells would be ablated by
      treatment with anti-Thy-1 antiserum and complement. The aerogenically infected
      mice were unresponsive to purified protein derivative but showed no evidence of
      suppressor T-cells. The lack of tuberculin sensitivity in these mice seemed to be
      due to a lack of sensitized T-cells in the spleen rather than to active
      immunosuppression.

PMID- 158568
TI  - Development of suppressor T-cells in Mycobacterium habana-infected mice.
AB  - Mice were infected intravenously with increasing numbers of Mycobacterium habana
      (simiae serotype II), and the levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity to purified
      protein derivative and M. habana cytoplasmic protein antigen were determined
      after 14, 30, and 90 days. A footpad delayed-type hypersensitivity response was
      seen in 14-day-infected mice and was followed by a persisting anergy. T-cell
      enriched suspensions collected 30 and 90 days into the infection (anergic donors)
      showed depressed transformation indexes after phytohemagglutinin and M. habana
      cytoplasmic protein antigen treatment in vitro. The corresponding B-cell mitogen
      (lipopolysaccharide) responses were not affected. Mixing experiments with T-cell
      enriched suspensions from day-90 M. habana-infected donors adoptively suppressed
      lymphocyte transformation by normal and day-14 spleen cells. This effect could be
      ablated by anti-theta serum and complement treatment of the day-90 cells,
      indicating that the lack of in vitro responsiveness to cytoplasmic protein
      antigen was mediated by a population of suppressor T-cells present in the heavily
      infected spleens. There was no evidence that similar cells were present in the
      spleens of the 14-day-infected animals. Suppressor T-cells could be induced in
      vitro by exposure of day-14 spleen cells to concanavalin A or M. habana
      cytoplasmic protein antigen before they were mixed with normal or day-14
      indicator splenic lymphocytes. The timing of the appearance of suppressor T-cells
      in the infected spleens corresponded to a loss of footpad hypersensitivity by the
      M. habana-infected animals.

PMID- 158569
TI  - Benzoyl peroxide gel therapy in acne in Singapore.
AB  - The results of an open clinical trial of 200 patients in Singapore show that
      benzoyl peroxide, in a stable gel formulation, both in 2.5% and 5% strengths, was
      highly efficacious in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris without concomitant
      systemic therapy. The series included a small number of Caucasians (13 patients)
      who were also treated effectively. Side effects noted were generally mild and
      transient.

PMID- 158570
TI  - The combined use of topical benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin in the treatment of
      acne vulgaris.
AB  - A clinical trial using tretinoin lotion 0.05%, benzoyl peroxide 5% and 10% as
      topical application was performed on 250 ambulatory patients suffering from
      various degrees of acne vulgaris. The results indicate that tretinoin applied in
      the morning and benzoyl peroxide applied at night is the most efficacious regimen
      to be used, with minimal side effects.

PMID- 158571
TI  - A lipophilic derivative of neocarzinostatin. A polymer conjugation of an
      antitumor protein antibiotic.
AB  - A lipophilic derivative of neocarzinostatin (NCS), an antitumor antibiotic, was
      prepared by reaction with a synthetic water-soluble polymer, [(styrene)1
      approximately 3-(maleic acid 4 approximately 7/anhydride 1)]. The reaction was
      carried out at pH 8.6 for 3 h and aimed at modifying the two nonessential amino
      groups (alpha-amino of Ala-1, epsilon-amino of Lys-20). The NCS-polystyrene
      (SMANCS) was purified on a column of Sephadex G-100 in 0.05 M ammonium
      bicarbonate and the main product was obtained as a single peak. The elemental
      analysis showed an increased C and a decreased N content. U.v. and i.r.
      absorption spectra for SMANCS showed the presence of styrene. SDS-acrylamide gel
      electrophoresis at pH 8.5 and the decreased N content suggested a molecular
      weight of about 25 000, indicating the numbers of polymers conjugated to be about
      six units, two of which were found attached to the two amino groups. SMANCS was
      soluble in organic solvents, in contrast to NCS, and in water. SMANCS exhibited
      increased chemical and biological stability and appeared to possess similar in
      vitro biological activity.

PMID- 158572
TI  - Serotonergic mediation of reward within the medial raphe nucleus: some persistent
      problems in interpretation.
AB  - Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with unipolar stimulating
      electrodes aimed at the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) or the medial raphe nucleus
      (MR). All MFB implanted subjects self-stimulated at high stable rates for at
      least three weeks. Only a minority (1/3) of MR rats self-stimulated at all. Rates
      for the MR group were considerably more variable, and could not be maintained for
      more than two weeks. Treatment with methysergide increased MFB self-stimulation
      but decreased MR self-stimulation. While this result suggests serotonergic
      mediation of self-stimulation this conclusion must be interpreted cautiously
      since parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) reinstated self-stimulation in raphe animals
      which had spontaneously ceased responding.

PMID- 158573
TI  - Rehabilitation of the handicapped child.

PMID- 158574
TI  - Handicapped children: an aspect of child health in Nigeria.

PMID- 158575
TI  - The application of pattern recognition techniques in the analysis of
      metacarpophalangeal lengths.
AB  - Pattern recognition techniques have been applied to the analysis of
      metacarpophalangeal lengths obtained from hand radiographs. A data base
      consisting of healthy subjects, and subjects exhibiting achondroplasia, Down's
      syndrome, and Turner's syndrome was studied. A classification technique was found
      which effectively separates these conditions. The technique is suitable for
      computer automation.

PMID- 158577
TI  - Physical impairment and emotional problems among chronically disabled patients.

PMID- 158576
TI  - A conformational model of the action of general anesthetics at the membrane
      level. III. Anesthetics and the properties of membrane-bound enzymes:
      mitochondrial ATPase.
AB  - We have studied the effect of general anesthetics on the kinetic properties of
      the mitochondrial Mg2+-dependent ATPase. The enzyme is inhibited by anesthetics
      (alcohols, halotane, pentrane, ketamine) at concentrations of the order of those
      found to affect lipid-protein interactions. The inhibition appears usually
      uncompetitive with respect to the substrate, ATP, with a decrease of both Vmax
      and KM, indicating a possible stabilization of the enzyme-substrate complex.
      Arrhenius plots of ATPase activity show a striking increase in activation energy
      below 17-20 degrees C. Anesthetics affect the temperature dependence by
      increasing the activation energy above the break or abolishing the break
      whatsoever. An exception is diethyl ether, that induces a decrease in activation
      energy and a shift of the break to lower temperatures. Anesthetics make the
      ATPase insensitive to energy transfer inhibitor, oligomycin and dicyclohexyl
      carbodiimide. At low anesthetic concentration the oligomycin inhibition curve is
      changed from sigmoidal to hyperbolic, showing a loss of cooperativity in the
      inhibition.

PMID- 158578
TI  - Providing a less restrictive environment for profoundly retarded persons by
      teaching independent walking skills.
AB  - A basic right of all handicapped persons is to live in the least restrictive
      environment possible. In this investigation, procedures were evaluated for
      teaching four institutionalized males with profound retardation necessary skills
      to increase their individual freedom of movement. Following baseline, a travel
      training program with a backward chaining format was implemented to teach each
      person to walk independently from his living area to school. Travel training
      included instructions, practice, praise, feedback, verbal reprimands, prompts,
      and edible reinforcers. Each resident began walking the entire distance to school
      independently during training and also began walking back to the living area,
      although the latter set of skills was not specifically trained. Following
      termination of the formal investigation, follow-up measures of 1 to 8 weeks
      showed the residents continued going to school independently. A survey of
      residential facilities in 43 states provided social validation for the
      seriousness of the problems associated with transporting seriously retarded
      persons to school. Also, time efficiency measures indicated that training
      independent travel resulted in reductions of staff time required in school
      transportation. Results were discussed in light of the potential contributions of
      behavior analysis in providing less restrictive environments for seriously
      handicapped persons.

PMID- 158579
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 158580
TI  - Evaluation of acute knee injuries.

PMID- 158581
TI  - Arkansas newborn transport: saving lives.

PMID- 158582
TI  - Oil warfare and the physician: the matter of priorities.

PMID- 158584
TI  - Preparing the colon for barium enema. Why all the fuss?

PMID- 158583
TI  - Digoxin antibodies a remedy for life threatening digitalis toxicity.

PMID- 158585
TI  - Epidemiology of carcinoma of the colon--with remarks on the cause, prevention and
      early detection.

PMID- 158586
TI  - Review of an old test: the tryptophan test as a rapid aid in the presumptive
      diagnosis for tuberculous meningitis.

PMID- 158587
TI  - Medical Grand Rounds, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences: Physiological
      basis for diuretic action.

PMID- 158588
TI  - Role of polymeric forms of the bacteriophage phi X174 coded gene A protein in phi
      XRFI DNA cleavage.
AB  - Gene A of the phi X174 genome codes for two proteins, A and A* (Linney, E.A., and
      Hayashi, M.N. (1973) Nature New Biol. 245, 6-8) of molecular weights 60,000 and
      35,000, respectively. The phi X A* protein is formed from a natural internal
      initiator site within the A gene cistron while the phi X A protein is the product
      of the entire A gene. These two proteins have been purified to homogeneity as
      judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Previous
      studies have shown that the phi X A protein is an endonuclease which specifically
      introduces a discontinuity in the A cistron of the viral strand of supertwisted
      phi XRFI DNA. In addition to this activity, the phi X A protein also causes
      relaxation of supertwisted phi XRFI DNA and formation of a phi XRFH DNA . phi X A
      protein complex which has a discontinuity in the A cistron of the viral strand.
      This isolatable complex supports DNA synthesis when supplemented with extracts of
      uninfected Escherichia coli which lack phi X A protein and phi XRFI DNA. The phi
      XRFII DNA . phi X A protein complex can be attacked by exonuclease III but is not
      susceptible to attack by E. coli DNA polymerase I, indicating that the 5'-end of
      the complex is blocked. Attempts to seal the RFII structure generated from the
      phi XRFII DNA . phi X A protein complex with T4 DNA ligase in the presence or
      absence of DNA polymerase were unsuccessful. The phi X A protein does not act
      catalytically in the cleavage of phi XRFI DNA. Under conditions leading to the
      quantitative cleavage of phi XRFI DNA, the molar ratio of phi XRFI DNA to added
      phi X A protein was approximately 1:10. At this molar ratio, cross-linking
      experiments with dimethyl suberimidate yielded 10 distinct protein bands which
      were multiples of the monomeric phi X A protein. In the absence of DNA or in the
      presence of inactive DNA (phi XRFII DNA) no distinct protein bands above a trimer
      were detected. We found it possible in vitro to form a phi XRFII DNA . phi X A
      protein complex with wild-type phi XRFI DNA (phi X A gene+) and with phi XRFI DNA
      isolated from E. coli (su+) infected with phage phi X H90 (an am mutant in the
      phi X A gene). Thus, in vitro, in contrast to in vivo studies, phi X A protein is
      not a cis acting protein. The purified phi X A* protein does not substitute for
      the phi X A protein in in vitro replication of phi XRFI DNA nor does it interfere
      with the action of the phi X A protein which binds only to supertwisted phi XRFI
      DNA. In contrast, the phi X A* protein binds to all duplex DNA preparations
      tested. This property prevents nucleases of E. coli from hydrolyzing duplex DNAs
      to small molecular weight products.

PMID- 158589
TI  - Sequential reactions in Pi utilization for ATP synthesis by sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 158590
TI  - Stability of bound ADP functioning as a phosphoryl donor in ATP synthesis by
      chloroplasts.

PMID- 158591
TI  - Subunit structure of adenosine triphosphatase. Comparison of the structure in
      thermophilic bacterium PS3 with those in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 158592
TI  - On the role of coupling factor B in the mitochondrial Pi-ATP exchange reaction.

PMID- 158593
TI  - Substrate regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. Transient kinetic
      studies.
AB  - The rate of phosphorylation of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum vesicles by ITP and ATP was studied using a millisecond mixing and
      quenching device. The rate of phosphorylation was slower when the vesicles were
      preincubated in a Ca2+-free medium than when preincubated with Ca2+, regardless
      of the substrate used and of the pH of the medium. When the vesicles were
      preincubated with Ca2+ at pH 7.4 an overshoot of phosphorylation was observed in
      the presence of ITP. The overshoot was abolished when the pH of the medium was
      decreased to 6.0 or when the vesicles were preincubated in a Ca2+-free medium.
      Using vesicles preincubated with Ca2+ the apparent Km for ITP found was 2.5 mM at
      pH 6.0 and 1.0 mM at pH 7.4. The Vmax observed (77 mumol g-1 s-1) did not change
      with the pH of the medium. Both at pH 6.0 and 7.4 the apparent Km for ATP was 3
      microM when preincubated in a Ca2+-free medium. At pH 6.0 the Vmax for ATP varied
      from 96 to 33 mumol g-1 s-1 depending on whether the vesicles were preincubated
      in the presence or absence of Ca2+. At pH 7.4 the Vmax for ATP was 90 mumol g-1 s
      1 in both conditions. The rate of phosphorylation of the vesicles was dependent
      on the relative Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations of the reaction medium regardless of
      the substrate used.

PMID- 158594
TI  - The use of quench reagents for resolution of single transport cycles in
      sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 158595
TI  - Purification of the (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase from human erythrocyte membranes using a
      calmodulin affinity column.
AB  - The (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase from human erythrocyte membranes has been solubilized in
      Triton X-100 and purified on a calmodulin affinity chromatography column in the
      presence of phosphatidylserine, to limit the inactivation of the enzyme. The
      enzyme was purified at least 150 times when compared with the original ghosts and
      showed a specific activity of 3.8 mumol.mg-1.min-1. In sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels, a single major band was visible at a position corresponding
      to a molecular weight of about 125,000; a minor band (11% of the total protein)
      was present at a position corresponding to Mr = 205,000. Upon incubation of the
      purified preparation with [32P]ATP, both bands were phosphorylated in proportion
      to their mass, suggesting that both were active forms of purified ATPase.

PMID- 158596
TI  - Subunit interaction during catalysis. Alternating site cooperativity of
      mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - ATP concentration modulates oxygen exchange catalyzed by purified, soluble
      mitochondrial ATPase during ATP hydrolysis so that water oxygen incorporation
      into each Pi formed increases markedly as ATP concentration is lowered. This
      behavior is readily explained by catalytic cooperativity between subunits of the
      ATPase. However, other reasonable explanations also need consideration. A new
      approach for assessing these various explanations is used, based on measurement
      of the [18O]Pi species formed by hydrolysis of ATP highly labeled with 18O in the
      gamma-phosphoryl group. The results and other supporting data give what appears
      to be the most compelling evidence yet attained for alternating site catalytic
      cooperativity in an enzymic catalysis.

PMID- 158597
TI  - The impact of musculoskeletal disorders on the population of the United States.
AB  - Musculoskeletal disorders constitute such a large component of impairments of
      individuals in the working and geriatric population that good statistical data on
      them are essential for planning health care. We have collected the pertinent
      data, with references to recent source material, to determine the incidence,
      effect on the quality of life, and associated costs of these disorders in the
      United States.

PMID- 158598
TI  - [The interstitial pregnancy. Report of three observations (author's transl)].
AB  - The recent occurrence at the Port-Royal obstetrics and gynaecology center of
      three cases of interstitial pregnancy out of a total number of 208 ectopic
      pregnancies give us the opportunity to discuss the diagnosis and present
      management of the rarest form of tubal pregnancies. The diagnosis is always
      difficult. Nowadays, thanks to the use of echography and especially of
      laparoscopy, interstitial pregnancies can be detected earlier. Thus the precocity
      of the diagnosis should permit a conservative surgical treatment. Hysterectomy
      should not be considered but in very special cases.

PMID- 158599
TI  - Fibrinolysis, renin activity, and prorenin in normal women: effects of exercise
      and oral contraceptive medication.

PMID- 158601
TI  - Bacteriophage typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci.
AB  - Cultures comprising the 10 species of coagulase-negative staphylococci proposed
      by Kloos and Schleifer (J. Clin. Microbiol. 1:82--88, 1975) were typed with
      bacteriophages isolated from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Although only 10.5% were
      typable, 50% of those identified as S. epidermidis were typed. Cultures from
      patients with middle ear infections were also classified by this system and phage
      typed.

PMID- 158600
TI  - Phage heterogeneity of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated in the United
      States and Sweden from bovine milk.
AB  - A Swedish bovine and a Dutch human phage set for coagulase-negative staphylococci
      were used to phage type coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine
      milk from Minnesota dairy herds. A comparison was also made of the
      deoxyribonuclease activity of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from
      bovine milk in Sweden and Minnesota. Of 133 Minnesota isolates, only one could be
      typed with the Swedish set and one by the Dutch set, whereas of 218 Swedish
      strains, 49 could be typed with the Swedish set and 7 by the Dutch set. A larger
      number of coagulase-negative isolates from Sweden were deoxyribonuclease positive
      (35%) than were the similar isolates from Minnesota (12%). These findings
      substantiate the marked heterogeneity of coagulase-negative staphylococci
      isolated from bovine udders. Results presented point to the usefulness of
      establishing regional phage sets for epidemiological investigations of coagulase
      negative staphylococci in cattle. It is anticipated that at a later stage the
      regional phage sets will be coordinated internationally.

PMID- 158602
TI  - The impact of chronic pain on the self-concept.
AB  - Compared self-concepts of three groups, medical patients, chronic low back pain
      patients and chronic head pain patients (N = 60) to determine (1) whether chronic
      pain patients have self-perceptions that differ from other medical patients; (2)
      whether changes in self-perception are limited to physical attributes and
      capacities; and finally (3) whether persons who suffer different types of chronic
      pain would have differing self-concepts. Significantly lower self-concepts were
      obtained from groups of head pain and low back pain patients. Self-concept
      patterns for the two pain groups were quite similar with the exception of two
      self-concept components that were significantly lower for the head pain group.
      Differences were explained in terms of loss of many normal functions and
      disruption of normal life-styles. Implications for treatment of pain patients and
      for training of health professionals were discussed.

PMID- 158603
TI  - Cutaneous reactions to cosmetics.

PMID- 158604
TI  - Effects of antihypertensive treatment on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients
      with essential hypertension.

PMID- 158605
TI  - Adrenal and gonadal steroids and pituitary response to LHRH in girls. I. Delayed
      puberty.
AB  - Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHA-S), 17
      hydroxyprogesterone (17P), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T),
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2) were measured in basal conditions in
      eleven young women from 16 to 25 years of age characterized by delayed puberty.
      The gonadotropin response to LHRH (50 microgram iv) was also tested in these
      cases. The results, as far as gonadotropins and E2 are concerned, indicate that
      delayed pubertyin girls is a heterogeneous disorder: an impairment in the
      negative feedback between E2 and FSH coexists with a reduced ovarian response to
      endogenous gonadotropins. All cases showed evidence of a more or less pronounced
      delayed adrenarche, which was demonstrated by the markedly reduced levels of DHA
      S and DHA (with the exception of this latter steroid in two cases with idiopathic
      hirsutism). Furthermore, the very low plasma progesterone (P) levels in all cases
      suggest the existence of impaired delta 5 - delta 4 isomerase activity in the
      adrenal cells. Despite the low levels of A and T, DHT is within the upper limits
      of the normal range in all cases.

PMID- 158606
TI  - Human placental delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 4,5 isomerase:
      in vitro effect of dehydroepiandrosterone and allyestrenol.
AB  - The in vitro effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and allylestrenol on human
      placental delta 5- 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 4,5 isomerase
      activity (delta 5-3 beta-HSDH) was investigated by incubation of subcellular
      fractions with [4-14C] pregnenolone. It has been found that DHA inhibits the
      delta 5-3 beta-HSDH activity up to -81% at 5 X 10-5 M concentration while
      allylestrenol seems to be able to lightly stimulate the delt a 5-3 beta-HSDH
      activity with a maximum effect (+15-26%) at 5 X 10-7 M concentration. The data
      concerning allylestrenol, seem of particular interest as this compound is used as
      a progestative drug during pregnancy, if one consider the inhibitory effect
      exerted by several natural and synthetic steroids on the delta 5-3 beta-HSDH
      activity.

PMID- 158608
TI  - Rehabilitating the severely disabled: the foreign experience.
AB  - This paper sets forth a model for examining the relationships between fourteen
      policy and politicoeconomic variables, and the social benefits and costs of
      rehabilitation. Based on discussions in early 1977 with scholars, ministry
      officials, trade unionists, and politicians in several northwestern European
      countries, as well as on documentation relating to the rapid growth of disability
      expenditures and the factors thought to influence it, some "lessons" are
      presented for policymakers in the United States and other countries. In general,
      current trends are seen as depressing the post-service earnings of individual
      rehabilitants, limiting the stabilizing effects of rehabilitation on labor market
      turnover, and increasing available time for unpaid work in the home and
      elsewhere. Unequal intergovernmental cost sharing in the provision of benefits
      and services, it is argued, seems likely to promote inefficient allocation of
      scarce rehabilitation resources with negative consequences for goal attainment.
      The high rates of inflation which prevail in the United States and in many
      northwestern European countries are causing the immediate costs of providing
      rehabilitation services to rise and simultaneously increasing the opportunity
      costs of spending for rehabilitation. The net effect of these cost increases is a
      reduction in the overall benefit/cost ratio that results from investments in
      rehabilitation. A number of predictions are made about how the United States will
      shape its disability and rehabilitation policies in the course of the next twenty
      years.

PMID- 158610
TI  - Studies on the effects of ionization on bacterial aerosols in a burns and plastic
      surgery unit.
AB  - The effect of the ionization of the air on the decay of bacterial aerosols was
      studied in a Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit. Ions were generated by free corona
      needles. The air content of bacteria measured by settle plates was found to be
      smaller during the ionization period than during the controls period. The number
      of individual phage typed Staph. aureus strains was especially found to be lower
      during ionization. The opposite potential increased the disappearance of bacteria
      from the air. The size of skin particles carrying bacteria is not optimum, but
      the results obtained show that the ionization may have applications in
      controlling airborne infection.

PMID- 158607
TI  - Circadian variation in systemic hormone levels in healthy men.

PMID- 158611
TI  - Genetically restricted immune responses in guinea pigs primed in vivo with
      antigen-bearing macrophages.
AB  - Guinea pigs injected intradermally with antigen pulsed macrophages generate a
      population of immune T cells that proliferate in vitro on second exposure to
      antigen. T cells from F1 (2 X 13) guinea pigs immunized with DNP-OVA on one
      parental macrophage respond in vitro only to DNP-OVA on macrophages identical to
      those used for immunization and not to DNP-OVA associated with the other parental
      macrophages. These results demonstrate that the immunogenicity of antigen is
      dependent upon the macrophages used for priming in that, with this approach,
      strain 2 or 13 guinea pigs immunized with allogeneic macrophages pulsed with
      antigen do not respond to either allogeneic or syngeneic antigen-bearing
      macrophages. However, lysates of antigen-pulsed macrophages can still immunize
      either allogeneic or syngeneic recipient via their own macrophages. F1 (2 X 13)
      guinea pigs are immunized by insulin B chain pulsed strain 13 macrophages
      (responder) but not by strain 2 macrophages (nonresponder) suggesting that
      whether a F1 (nonresponder X responder) guinea pig recognizes antigen bound to a
      parental macrophage is genetically restricted before immunization to the same
      extent as the donor parental macrophages used for immunization.

PMID- 158612
TI  - The beige mutation in the mouse. II. Selectivity of the natural killer (NK) cell
      defect.

PMID- 158613
TI  - Production of chemotactic activity in mixed leukocyte cultures: maximum effect
      caused by H-2I region disparity.
AB  - Primary mixed mouse leukocyte culture supernatants contain an activity
      chemotactic for mouse peritoneal exudate cells and it can be detected within 72 h
      after initiation of the culture. Disparity for H-21 region leads to maximum
      production of chemotactic activity whereas H-2K or H-2D region differences result
      in the production of significantly less activity. The rate of production of
      chemotactic activity follows closely the rate of incorporation of 3H-thymidine,
      and both attain the peak on day 4 after initiation of the culture. But whereas
      proliferation is sensitive to gamma-irradiation, chemotactic activity production
      is not. It is our hypothesis that proliferating cells are primarily responsible
      for the production of chemotactic activity. The possible relevance of chemotactic
      activity production to graft rejection is discussed.

PMID- 158614
TI  - Humoral and cellular regulation of alloimmunity in pregnancy.

PMID- 158615
TI  - Autologous and allogeneic intercellular interactions: modulation by adherent
      cells, irradiation, and in vitro and in vivo corticosteroids.

PMID- 158616
TI  - Postnatal development of T cells. I. Study of the respective contribution of
      thymic cellular export, thymic humoral function, and T cell environment.

PMID- 158617
TI  - Mechanism of action of human B cell-activating factor. I. Comparison of the
      plaque-stimulating activity with thymocyte-stimulating activity.

PMID- 158618
TI  - Competitive nephelometric immunoassay method for antiepileptic drugs in patient
      blood.
AB  - We established a competitive nephelometric immunoassay method for the
      determination of the widely used antiepileptic drugs, phenobarbital and
      diphenylhydantoin, in human blood plasma. The anti-drug antiserum was collected
      from the immunized rabbit. The human serum albumin possessing numerous drug
      moieties was easily prepared for the assay reagent. A laser nephelometer was used
      to measure the scattered light from the immunoprecipitate. The assay was rapid
      (incubation time 10 min), required as little as 6 microliters of plasma, required
      neither troublesome pretreatment nor separation procedure. The patients' plasma
      specimens were analyzed, and the values correlated well to those determined by
      the high-performance liquid chromatography (correlation coefficient: 0.983 for
      phenobarbital, 0.987 for diphenylhydantoin).

PMID- 158619
TI  - Oral hygiene and the handicapped child.

PMID- 158621
TI  - [Backache and neuralgia of the lower extremities in elderly patients].

PMID- 158620
TI  - [Blastogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes by autologous synovial fluid
      lymphocytes and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 158622
TI  - [Clinical features of spina bifida occulta with neurological deficit (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 158623
TI  - Improved methods for the assay and activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A reductase.
AB  - A simple and rapid mixed-phase method for the quantitative assay of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase and a procedure for the efficient reactivation
      of Mg-ATP-inactivated microsomal HMG-CoA reductase by potato acid phosphatase are
      described. The mixed-phase assay entails the direct addition of the acidified,
      deproteinized incubation mixture to a toluene-based scintillation fluor. The
      enzymatic reaction product [3H]-mevalonolactone partitions into the toluene while
      unreacted 3H-labeled HMG-CoA substrate remains in the aqueous phase and is not
      detected on scintillation counting. The accuracy and reproducibility of this
      method are compared to a thin-layer chromatographic assay for HMG-CoA reductase.
      Microsomal and solubilized HMG-CoA reductase inactivated by incubation with Mg
      ATP is reactivated by purified potato acid phosphatase. Under appropriate
      conditions quantitative reactivation of HMG-CoA reductase is achieved, indicating
      that endogenous inhibitory and activating proteins regulate HMG-CoA reductase via
      a kinase-phosphatase system.

PMID- 158624
TI  - Mechanism of action of fibrinolytic enzymes in vivo.
AB  - Plasminogen-rich and plasminogen-poor radiolabeled human fibrin clots were
      inserted into large veins of baboons and stump-tailed monkeys. The thrombolytic
      effects of plasminogen activators (urokinase, streptokinase), and plasmin
      preparations with activator activity (streptokinase-activated human plasmin) and
      without activator activity (trypsin-activated porcine plasmin, Lysofibrin) were
      studied. Plasminogen-free and plasminogen-rich clots lysed at equal rates.
      Preparations with and without activator activity were equally effective as
      thrombolytic agents. Endogenous activation of plasminogen in the clot thus
      appears not to be the essential mechanism of thrombolysis. The exogenous pathway
      of enzyme adsorption to fibrin fibers seems to represent an important
      thrombolytic mechanism. Clot lysis was achieved with doses of fibrinolytic
      enzymes which produced little or no significant hematologic changes including
      hypofibrinogenemia and decreases of other blood coagulation factor levels.

PMID- 158625
TI  - Influence of testicular secretions on tissue weight and on metabolic and enzyme
      activities in the epididymis of the rat.

PMID- 158626
TI  - Dermatitis in duck workers.

PMID- 158627
TI  - [Nomura's technic for resection of the vidian nerve].

PMID- 158628
TI  - [Occupational deafness and its indemnification].

PMID- 158629
TI  - [Value of the stapedian reflex in the topographic diagnosis of perception
      deafness].

PMID- 158630
TI  - [Reversed papillomas of the nasal fossae and ethmoido-maxillary cavities].

PMID- 158632
TI  - [Cerebral hernia after antro-atticotomy: genesis and complications].

PMID- 158631
TI  - [Chronic otitis in diabetes and its complications].

PMID- 158633
TI  - [Uriage: deafness and crenotherapy].

PMID- 158634
TI  - [Medical responsibility].

PMID- 158635
TI  - Niacin and niacinamide transport in the central nervous system. In vivo studies.

PMID- 158636
TI  - Fluorescence spectroscopy on Huntington's fibroblasts.

PMID- 158637
TI  - Interaction of glucocorticoid and insulin in the responses of rats to starvation
      refeeding.
AB  - Experiments designed to determine whether the role of glucocorticoid (GC) in the
      induction of the enzyme overshoot response to starvation-refeeding was direct or
      permissive through insulin were conducted. Intact, adrenalectomized (ADX), and
      streptozotocin (STREP) treated rats with or without insulin and/or GC
      replacements were starved for 48 hours and refed a 65% glucose diet for 48 hours.
      The typical enzyme overshoot response to starvation-refeeding was observed in the
      intact rats, ADX rats given GC, STREP rats given insulin and ADX-STREP rats given
      glucocorticoid plus insulin. No overshoot was observed if glucocorticoid was
      absent whereas a modest increase in enzyme activity could be observed in insulin
      deficient rats treated with GC.

PMID- 158638
TI  - The law in conflict: accommodating equal employment and occupational health
      obligations.

PMID- 158639
TI  - Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease in Down syndrome.
AB  - Clinical studies have suggested that patients with Down syndrome have precocious
      development of pulmonary hypertension, even in the absence of congenital heart
      disease. To examine the pathologic basis of this impression, we studied 82
      patients with Down syndrome autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1913 to
      present. The patients ranged in age from 26 hours to 25 years; 41 (50%) were
      female. Atrioventricular canal defect was present in 40 patients, nine of whom
      also had pulmonary stenosis. Eight had isolated ventricular septal defect and
      seven had other malformations. Histologic sections of the lung from each patient
      were studied and the degree of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease graded.
      Age and sex-matched controls without cardiovascular manifestations, all other
      autopsied patients with atrioventricular canal defect not associated with Down
      syndrome, and age-matched patients with ventricular septal defect or other
      malformations were similarly studied for pulmonary vascular changes. Comparison
      of the 27 patients with Down syndrome and no cardiovascular malformations with
      normal controls showed no differences, with one notable exception: an 8-month-old
      child with Down syndrome had severe HPVD secondary to idiopathic pulmonary
      hypertension. HPVD in patients with the various cardiovascular malformations was
      similar for those groups with Down syndrome and those without, when HPVD was
      considered as a function of the patients' age and the type of malformation. We
      conclude that, in general, patients with Down syndrome have no predisposition to
      develop severe or precocious hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease.

PMID- 158640
TI  - Intrauterine supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Six examples of intrauterine supraventricular tachycardia together with 31
      previously reported cases are described and analyzed. Among the 37 infants,
      structural heart disease was present in only four (11%), three of whom died.
      Males comprised 68% of the group without identifiable heart disease or pre
      excitation. Congestive heart failure was evident in 62% of the infants at birth
      or shortly thereafter; ascites was the predominant finding in three (8%). Neither
      the duration of SVT nor heart rate was predictive of the clinical status at
      birth. Infants without underlying heart disease or conduction abnormalities had a
      benign course after the neonatal period. Thirty-eight percent of the babies
      converted to sinus rhythm during or shortly after delivery without medication,
      and most of the others converted after digitalization. The failure of maternal
      digitalization to convert SVT to sinus rhythm in two of our infants was perhaps
      related to subtherapeutic maternal and fetal digoxin levels. Newborn infants
      presenting with unexplained ascites or congestive heart failure should have an
      ECG to determine whether pre-excitation is present, and their cardiac rhythm
      should be monitored for several days.

PMID- 158641
TI  - The role of biogenic amines in amygdalar kindling. I. Local amygdalar
      afterdischarge.

PMID- 158642
TI  - Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid on metabolic, respiratory and vasomotor
      activities and body temperature in rats.
AB  - The effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) on metabolic, respiratory and
      vasomotor activities and body temperature were assessed in unanesthetized rats at
      three different ambient temperatures (Ta) of 8, 22 and 30 degrees C.
      Intraperitoneal administration of GHBA produced dose-dependent hypothermia in
      rats at both 8 and 22 degrees C Ta. At Ta = 8 degrees C the hypothermia was
      brought about solely by a decrease in metabolic heat production, while at Ta = 22
      degrees C the hypothermia was due to both a decrease in metabolic heat production
      and an increase in cutaneous circulation (as indicated by changes in tail and
      foot skin temperatures). However, at Ta = 30 degrees C GHBA administration
      produced no changes in rectal temperature or other thermoregulatory parameters.
      Respiratory evaporative heat loss was not affected by GHBA application.
      Furthermore, it was found that the GHBA-induced hypothermia was antagonized by
      haloperidol (a selective blocker of dopamine receptors), but not by p
      chlorophenylalanine (an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis). The data suggest that
      GHBA elicits a central dopamine receptor activation mainly via release of
      endogenous dopamine and leads to a hypothermia.

PMID- 158643
TI  - Tremor in the tension developed isometrically by soleus during the tonic
      vibration reflex in the decerebrate cat.
AB  - 1. Irregularities in the development of tension during the tonic vibration reflex
      of the soleus muscle of the decerebrate cat have been analysed into their
      frequency components. The reflex was recorded isometrically and elicited by
      longitudinal vibration, normally at 150 Hz. The amplitude of vibration was set so
      as to elicit a maximal reflex response, suggesting 1:1 driving of the majority of
      the Ia afferents at the frequency of vibration. 2. The resulting power spectrum
      regularly showed a well marked tremor peak separated by a trough from any slow
      irregularities. The predominant frequency of this tremor varied from 4 to 11 Hz
      in different preparations, with a mean of 7.4 Hz; on average, frequencies within
      1.7 Hz on either side contained over half the power of the predominant frequency.
      Altering the frequency of vibration did not alter the distribution of tremor
      frequencies. 3. The root mean square value of the tension irregularities, over
      the range 4-14 Hz, varied from 12 to 110 mN in different preparations (median
      value, 23 mN); this was superimposed on mean active reflex tensions varying from
      2 to 10 N. 4. The 'tremor' due to a single motor unit was estimated from spectral
      analysis of tetanic contractions of the whole muscle and decreased with
      increasing frequency of activation. Comparison of the single unit values with the
      tremor seen during vibration in the same preparations showed that equivalent
      amounts of tremor to the latter could typically have been produced by the
      continued synchronous contraction of about five 'average' motor units firing at
      the predominant tremor frequency. 5. When a tonic stretch reflex was present its
      tremor frequencies did not differ consistently from those of the tonic vibration
      reflex. On average, the tremor was smaller for the stretch reflex than for the
      tonic vibration reflex; the difference was usually slight and might have been
      related to the stretch refex tension being smaller. 6. Evidence was obtained that
      the tremor was not due to any insecurity of 1:1 driving of the Ia afferents by
      the vibration. First, the tremor did not increase when the amplitude of vibration
      was decreased sufficiently to ensure that the degree of 1:1 driving must have
      been reduced. Secondly, the introduction of a comparable 'artificial tremor' by
      sinusoidally oscillating the muscle at low frequency did not produce the e.m.g.
      response that would have been expected if the applied 'tremor' had been
      modulating the firing of the Ia or any other group of afferents. 7. It is
      concluded that the observed tremor cannot be attributed to 'oscillation in the
      stretch reflex arc', though without prejudice to the role of this mechanism under
      other conditions and especially when the recording is not isometric. However, the
      genesis of the tremor has not been established and much of it might result simply
      from the chance synchronization of motor units that are firing below their
      tetanic fusion frequency.

PMID- 158644
TI  - The detection of psychological disturbance in patients with low back pain.

PMID- 158645
TI  - Sterilization of laparoscopes. Is soaking sufficient?
AB  - Controversy exists over the proper methods of sterilizing laparoscopic
      telescopes. An edict requiring gas sterilization rather than solution soaking of
      these instruments is in force in all federal hospitals. This rule has
      necessitated capital investments for new instruments and has led to a severe
      reduction in the number of cases of laparoscopy that may be scheduled in one day.
      Fear of contamination is based on theoretical considerations and rusn counter to
      the actual, observed safety record seen with laparoscopes soaked in activated
      glutaraldehyde between cases. In an effort to dispassionately approach this
      problem, cultures of the umbilical area, the laparoscope and the pelvic serosal
      surfaces were taken to document the type of organisms commonly encountered under
      clinical conditions. Cultures for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as for
      fungi were taken after soaking the telescope in activated glutaraldehyde. The
      results demonstrated growth of common skin organisms even after skin preparation
      with povidone-iodine and ethyl alcohol. Similar organisms were recovered in some
      cases from the laparoscope and the pelvic surfaces. The actual degree of
      contamination suggested by a colony count falls well within the range of the
      healthy peritoneum to cope with these organisms. Recommendations for laparoscopic
      sterilization or disinfection are based on the results obtained.

PMID- 158646
TI  - Studies in sterilization of the laparoscope: II.

PMID- 158647
TI  - American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists' 1977 membership survey.

PMID- 158648
TI  - Laparoscopic tubal ligation. A follow-up report on the Yoon falope ring
      methodology.

PMID- 158649
TI  - Laparoscopy and the management of endometriosis.

PMID- 158650
TI  - Lumbar epidural block anesthesia for outpatient laparoscopy.
AB  - This study confirms that lumbar epidural block is a satisfactory anesthetic
      technique for outpatient laparoscopic tubal sterilization. Oxygenation during the
      period of pneumoperitoneum was adequate. The technique resulted in a shortened
      postanesthesia recovery period and fewer postanesthesia complications. Surgeon,
      anesthesiologist and patient acceptance was excellent.

PMID- 158651
TI  - Diagnostic miniculdoscopy preceding laparoscopy when bowel adhesions are
      suspected.
AB  - Suspected bowel adhesions are often considered a relative contraindication to
      laparoscopy. To attempt preoperative diagnoses of intraabdominal adhesions,
      miniculdoscopy was performed on ten patients with a miniendoscope. It was
      possible to establish the presence or absence of adhesions and to determine a
      safe abdominal trocar insertion site. The laparoscope trocar could be inserted
      under direct controlled vision with the culdoscope in nine cases, suggesting that
      this procedure averts bowel adhesions. This technique may be a contribution to
      safer laparoscopy.

PMID- 158652
TI  - Making laparoscopy electrically safer. An engineer's approach.

PMID- 158653
TI  - Inhibition of lymphocyte responses by gold: modulation by time of drug addition
      and antigen dose.
AB  - Gold sodium thiomalate added to peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cell cultures
      inhibits the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), and cell-mediated cytotoxicity
      (CMC). The addition of GST to MLR was inhibitory only if the compound was added
      at the beginning of culture; late addition of GST did not inhibit MLR, or CMC. In
      a different set of experiments the number of stimulating cells added to MLR was
      varied. The inhibitory effects of GST decreased markedly as the number of
      stimulating cells added to culture was increased. The effects of gold in vivo may
      be modulated by a number of immunologically competent cells that are already
      antigenically stimulated, as well as by the amount of available stimulating
      antigen.

PMID- 158654
TI  - Inhibitory effects of gold and other drugs on mononuclear cell responses: a
      comparison.
AB  - The effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) were compared with those of
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), D-penicillamine (PEN), and methlyprednisolone
      succinate (MP) on the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), and on cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity (CMC) using mononuclear cells from normal human volunteers. GST and
      MP inhibited MLR in concentrations readily achieved in the serum, or tissues of
      patients. ASA showed only a modest effect on MLR, in high concentrations. All
      drugs inhibited CMC; PEN inhibited CMC at doses of 100 mcg/ml which were no
      inhibitory in MLR. ASA inhibited CMC at relatively low concentrations. The
      effects of some of the drugs on MLR and CMC were not consistent. This may be due
      to the preferential action of the drugs on various immunologically competent
      cells.

PMID- 158655
TI  - Effect of gold sodium thiomalate on fibrinolysis.
AB  - Effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) on fibrinolytic activities of normal
      blood and plasma, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), purified PMN fibrinolytic
      enzymes, and the enzyme, plasmin, were examined by 125I-fibrin radiometric assay.
      Of the 2 enzymes accounting for all of the fibrinolytic activity extractable from
      PMN, the chymotrypsin-like enzyme (cathepsin G),but not the elastase, was
      inhibited by GST (50% inhibition at 10-6M, 80% inhibition at 10-5M). Plasmin was
      not inhibited by GST (10-4M to 10-7 M), and these concentrations had no effect on
      fibrinolytic activities of normal blood and plasma (6 subjects). Activities of
      PMN preparations from only 2 of 5 normal subjects were inhibited by GST (maximum
      inhibition of 29% at 10-5 M). These findings indicate a differential effect of
      GST on PMN elastase and cathepsin G, and suggest a minor role for the latter in
      normal PMN fibrinolytic activity.

PMID- 158656
TI  - Viewdata/Prestel and the disabled.

PMID- 158657
TI  - Thyroid replacement therapy in Down's syndrome with hypothyroidism.
AB  - Three elderly subjects with Down's syndrome and biochemical evidence of
      hypothyroidism were investigated before and after four months of thyroid
      replacement treatment. The patients' appearance was demonstrated by photographs
      and the biochemical thyroid values and the intellectual performance were
      assessed. The appearance before treatment varied from a florid myxoedematous
      appearance to a state without features indicating myxoedema. Thyroid replacement
      therapy was given in usual dose and the biochemical response was similar to that
      seen in normal subjects. The intellectual performance improved little or not at
      all. The characteristic discomfort usually associated with hypothyroidism was
      very pronounced in one case and disappeared totally during treatment. It is
      concluded that the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in elderly subjects with Down's
      syndrome can be very difficult when based on appearance and history alone and
      biochemical thyroid tests are often necessary. The patients should be treated
      with replacement therapy just as other patients suffering from hypothyroidism.

PMID- 158658
TI  - Blood pressure in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of a large sample of subjects with Down's
      syndrome have been compared with those of institutional controls and of the
      normal population. Subjects with Down's syndrome have the lowest pressures at all
      ages and institutional controls tend to fall between the two. The rise of blood
      pressure with age is slight in the two institutional groups and the reported sex
      difference in the normal population was not observed.

PMID- 158659
TI  - Multivariate analyses of the MMPI profiles of low back pain patients.
AB  - A multivariate clustering procedure was used to identify replicable, homogeneous
      MMPI profile subgroups among three independent cohorts of male (N = 233) and
      female (N = 315) low back pain ((LBP) patients. Three subgroups were replicated
      across all male cohorts and four subgroups were replicated across all female
      cohorts. Multiple discriminant analysis showed that for both male and female
      patients between-subgroup variability was significantly greater than within
      subgroup variability. The results suggest that LBP patients may not be solely
      characterized by MMPI profiles featuring the "conversion V" configuration.
      Examination of the profile subgroups also suggests there may be distinct, pain
      related, behavioral attributes associated with each subgroup which might have
      important implications for practitioners' choice of treatment modalities.
      Suggestions are made for research regarding the development of specific, optimal
      treatments for various LBP patient subgroups.

PMID- 158660
TI  - Modelling of the small-angle X-ray diffraction arising from the surface lattices
      of phages lambda and P22.

PMID- 158661
TI  - The blood supply of muscle spindles in some mammals and the pigeon.
AB  - The blood supply of muscle spindles was studied in serial cross sections in
      macaque, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, mouse and pigeon muscles which had been
      incubated in a medium containing 3,3' diaminobenzidine. Lumina of blood vessels
      were recognized by the reaction product that was localized within erythrocytes.
      The outer capsule was well vascularized, but few or no capillaries were seen in
      the periaxial space. The inner spindle capsule, which closely invests the axial
      bundle, was rarely contacted by periaxial capillaries at the equator and
      juxtequator. Capillaries occurred more frequently adjacent to intrafusal fibers
      at the polar region and beyond the end of the outer capsule. Shorter diffusion
      distances and, usually, higher capillary densities were found at the polar region
      than at the spindle midsection. This suggests that transcapillary exchange at the
      polar segment is nearer to conditions prevalent in extrafusal muscle than
      elsewhere in the spindle, provided the inner and outer capsules are not less
      permeable at the poles than at the midsection. Differences in blood supply among
      mammalian species appear to be related to receptor size.

PMID- 158662
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of Down's syndrome.

PMID- 158663
TI  - [MLTR (mixed lymphocyte tumor cell reaction)].

PMID- 158664
TI  - [Doppler flowmeter].

PMID- 158665
TI  - [Electromagnetic flowmetry].

PMID- 158666
TI  - [Determination of steroid hormones and DHA-S loading test].

PMID- 158668
TI  - [Blood flowmetry in the microcirculation--pressure-flow relationships in the
      microvessels of rat mesentery (author's transl)].

PMID- 158667
TI  - [An experimental study of nursing work load on the low back (author's transl)].
AB  - The relation between work postures and muscle load, the differences of muscle
      load in holding two different shaped objects, a human model and a box each
      weighting 20 kg, and the effects of wearing a belt and a corset to reduce the low
      back muscle load were studied in the experimental nursing work on physically
      and/or mentally handicapped patients. Four female healthy college students
      exercised a static and a dynamic nursing work designed for the experiment.
      E.M.G., heart rate, subjective symptoms and maximum sustaining time were measured
      during the work. Results are as follows: 1) The low back muscle load increased
      only in sustaining the forward bending posture. 2) The forward bending posture
      with a load weighing 20 kg caused shortening of the time to sustain the same
      posture. 3) The muscle load by holding the human model was larger compared to
      that by holding the box, and the muscle load was different according to the shape
      of the holding objects. 4) Wearing a belt and a corset was effective to reduce
      the low back muscle load by raising the abdominal pressure.

PMID- 158669
TI  - [Problem of cardiovascular pathology in the area of construction of the Baikal
      Amur railway].

PMID- 158670
TI  - [Correlation of the parameters of myocardial contraction and relaxation in
      compensatory cardiac hypertrophy].
AB  - The parameters of myocardial contraction and relaxation were determined from the
      left ventricular pressure curves obtained in closed chest rabbits. One month
      after the creation of ascending aorta stenosis when the relative weight of the
      left ventricle increased by 54% as compared to the control, systolic pressure was
      higher by 42% and maximum rate of pressure development by 47%. This increase
      corresponded to the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy so that the load on
      the unit of myocardial mass did not change. No changes were found in the
      contractility index. The index of relaxation, however, determined by the relation
      between the maximum rate of relaxation and the developed pressure and
      characterizing the function of the myocardial relaxation system was 20% lower
      than that of the control. This was associated with the decrease of the diastolic
      pause by 27%. The slowing down of relaxation is one of the first and must' signs
      of compensatory function of the heart.

PMID- 158671
TI  - [Two cases of ocular argyrosis following occupational exposure to silver
      compounds (author's transl)].

PMID- 158672
TI  - [Effect of hypoxia on brain ATPase activity].

PMID- 158673
TI  - Transplantation-induced immune complex kidney disease in rats with unilateral
      manifestation in the allografted kidney.
AB  - Kidney transplantation between major histocompatibility system-identical rat
      strains LEW.1N (donor) and BN (recipient) is regularly followed by serious immune
      complex (membranous) glomerulonephritis. The disease localizes in the transplant
      only and spares the recipient's own contralateral kidney. The recipients develop
      both circulating immune complexes, as well as circulating antibodies against an
      allogeneic, tubular epithelial antigen of the donor. Antibodies eluted from the
      diseased kidneys display the same specificity. The transplant disease, therefore,
      is not autoimmune glomerulonephritis but an alloimmune, organ-specific illness
      unrelated to the usual histocompatibility system.

PMID- 158674
TI  - Passive immune complex glomerulonephritis in mice: models for various lesions
      found in human disease. I. High avidity complexes and mesangiopathic
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Intravenous injection of mice with soluble complexes of highly avid rabbit
      antibody to egg albumin, prepared by dissolution of equivalence precipitates in
      large quantities of antigen, resulted in a purely mesangial localization of the
      complexes. When animals received three injections of complexes per day for 1 day
      it was noted that precipitates dissolved in 80 times the equivalence amount of
      antigen produced slight mesangial changes. When such complexes were injected for
      2 or 3 days, outright mesangiopathic glomerulonephritis was observed in an
      increasing proportion of the animals. Equivalent amounts of antigen alone did not
      produce lesions.

PMID- 158675
TI  - Passive immune complex glomerulonephritis in mice: models for various lesions
      found in human disease. II. Low avidity complexes and diffuse proliferative
      glomerulonephritis with subepithelial deposits.
AB  - Intravenous injections of mice three times a day for 3 days with soluble
      complexes of 3 mg. of moderately avid rabbit antibody to chicken egg albumin
      prepared by dissolution of equivalence precipitates in 80 times the equivalence
      amount of antigen resulted in a combined mesangial and loop localization of
      immune complexes. With complexes formed from antibody of low avidity, injected
      four times a day for 3 days, a predominately subepithelial loop deposition of
      complexes was observed. Complexes formed from moderately avid antibody gave rise
      to a mainly mesangiopathic glomerulonephritis, whereas low avidity complexes were
      associated with a diffuse glomerulonephritis. These results, in combination with
      those of the previous paper, successfully reproduce the basic form of the lesions
      seen in active immune complex disease by passive means and suggest that antibody
      avidity is a major determinant of the site of localization of immune complexes
      and therefore of the morphologic form of the resulting glomerulonephritis. The
      importance of these observations for our understanding of the pathogenesis of
      human immune complex disease is considered.

PMID- 158676
TI  - Steroid biosynthetic lesions in gonadotropin-desensitized Leydig cells.

PMID- 158677
TI  - Metabolic effects of corticosteroid therapy in post-menopausal women.

PMID- 158678
TI  - Maternal plasma total oestriol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate loading test as
      indicators of feto-placental function or placental sulfatase deficiency.

PMID- 158679
TI  - Sequential hormonal changes and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal
      axis.

PMID- 158680
TI  - Human testicular secretion with increasing age.

PMID- 158681
TI  - Relationship between steps in 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS)
      fluorescence and changes in the energized membrane state and in intracellular and
      extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels following bacteriophage T5
      infection of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The addition of bacteriophage T5 to anaerobic, fermenting cells of Escherichia
      coli B or K-12 in the presence of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS), N
      phenylnaphthyl-1-amine (NPN), or dansyl ethylamine causes the fluorescence of
      these probes to rise in two steps, the first occurring immediately upon addition,
      the second delayed by 6 min. The conditions necessary for observing this
      phenomenon are defined (cell density, probe concentration, substrate, absence of
      an electron acceptor, multiplicity of infection, growth, and harvesting
      conditions). The magnitudes of the first and second steps in fluorescence are
      dependent upon the multiplicity of infection; the timing of the steps is not. The
      first step correlates with a breakdown in the potassium or rubidium permeability
      barrier of the cells, and it occurs either aerobically or anaerobically, with
      fermentable or nonfermentable substrates. The second step occurs only with cells
      that are without an available electron acceptor, are fermenting, and which have a
      functional membrane-bound, Ca2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). The
      results are consistent with disturbance of energization of the cell membrane by
      the membrane-bound ATPase at the time of the second step in fluorescence. No
      changes in the intracellular level of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was seen,
      whereas the extracellular level increased sharply, starting 3--6 min after phage
      addition. The quantity of ATP found in the medium by 30 min after infection
      amounted to about four times the amount present inside the cells at the time of
      infection. The quantity and rate of efflux of ATP was similar under aerobic and
      anaerobic conditions.

PMID- 158682
TI  - Autologous rectus sheath grafts. V. Growth in aortic grafts.
AB  - Experiments were designed to test autologous rectus sheath as a replacement for
      the thoracic aorta in the growing dog. Adequacy of graft function was determined
      by angiography at 4 month intervals; stress-strain measurements and microscopic
      examination were made at the time of autopsy. A 3 cm tubular graft of rectus
      sheath tissue was employed as an aortic graft in 13 mongrel puppies. Nine puppies
      (70%) were long-term survivors and were put to death between 6 and 22 months
      postoperatively. No deaths were due to graft failure. Angiographic studies
      demonstrated patency of the graft without development of pressure gradients. An
      increase in diameter of the aorta (21.25%) and the rectus sheath graft %22.87%)
      were demonstrated in all cases. During the time of observation, the compliance of
      the growing aorta (93,120 dynes/cm2) decreased to one fourth that of the control
      aortic tissue (24,800 dynes/cm2), whereas the compliance of the rectus sheath
      graft (547,1000 dynes/cm2) decreased to only one eighth that of the control
      rectus sheath (47,400 dynes/cm2). Tensile strength is maintained in both the
      growing aorta (4.5 x 10(7) dynes/cm2) and the rectus sheath graft (4.7 x 10(7)
      dynes/cm2; p less than 0.05). Microscopic examination showed no calcification,
      thinning, or weakness. Vascularization of the graft had occurred, with cellular
      proliferation and development of more than 30 lamellar-like units in the media
      and an adventitia-like surface.

PMID- 158683
TI  - Effect of cell density and senescence of WI-38 cells on cytochemically
      demonstrable phosphatases.
AB  - Exponentially growing and stationary phase young and old cultures of the human
      cell line WI-38 were studied using cytochemistry at the ultrastructural level. 5'
      Nucleotidase activity was present in the plasma membrane of all cells examined;
      in exponentially growing cultures the reaction was more intense in mitotic cells
      than in interphase cells. An increase in the amount of the reaction product was
      observed at confluencey, especially in older cells. The reaction of Mg2+
      activated adenosine 5'-triphosphatase was absent or very weak in exponentially
      growing cells and increased at confluency, especially in older cells. Alkaline
      phosphatase was detectable only in the cell membranes and in intercellular spaces
      of young cells at confluency. Acid phosphatase activity was increased in old
      cells, especially at confluency. In these old cells, positive reactions appeared
      in numerous small lysosomes, autophagic vacuoles and in some flattened sacs of
      the Golgi apparatus. The obtained results confirm and extend previous biochemical
      observations and indicate that changes in phosphatase activity are associated
      with proliferative activity and senescence of cells growing in vitro.

PMID- 158684
TI  - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of diseases of the liver and other abdominal organs
      with a look at the causes of ascites. Our experience in the use of laparoscopy in
      the diagnosis of diseases of the liver and other intra-abdominal organs with
      ascites on the basis of over 100 laparoscopies].

PMID- 158685
TI  - [Heart hypertrophy and incomplete dextrocrural block in athletes on an
      electrocardiogram].

PMID- 158686
TI  - An interpersonal-effectiveness approach to consumer health education: rationale
      and case study.
AB  - The development and implementation of a program for teaching prospective
      consumers of medical care services interpersonal-effectiveness advocacy skills
      are described. Parents of developmentally disabled children attended one of two
      six-hour workshops to learn self-management, communication and social influence
      skills for dealing more effectively with health consultants. Consumer
      satisfaction evaluations indicated that the workshops were successful, and
      directions for future research and development are discussed.

PMID- 158687
TI  - [Portal hypertension in chronic lymphatic leukemia (author's transl)].
AB  - A syndrome of portal hypertension with hemorrhagic ascites was developed in a 44
      year-old patient, 2 years after he had been diagnosed as having a chronic
      lymphatic leukemia. The study of the patient, including two liver biopsies and a
      laparoscopy, excluded the existence of another hepatic or extrahepatic associated
      condition. The clinical course of the patient was rapidly fatal progressive in
      spite of the cytostatic therapy, and he died as a result of an acute liver
      failure. The autopsy confirmed the absence of vascular occlusions in the
      suprahepatic veins or in the vena porta. The liver showed, in contrast to the
      findings of previous biopsies and laparoscopy, an evident fibrotic pattern.

PMID- 158688
TI  - [Disabilities in neuro-pediatrics: a current panorama].

PMID- 158689
TI  - [Latent disabilities among immigrant children].

PMID- 158690
TI  - [Ekhaga - experiences during 10 years work in habilitation].

PMID- 158691
TI  - [Hematoma of the sheath of the rectus abdominis, an echotomographic diagnosis].

PMID- 158692
TI  - Stimulation of prolactin secretion by morphine: role of the central serotonergic
      system.

PMID- 158693
TI  - Histamine H2-receptors in guinea pig peripheral airway smooth muscle.

PMID- 158694
TI  - Mitochondrial volume density in human skeletal muscle following heavy resistance
      training.
AB  - Needle biopsies were taken from triceps brachii of 6 healthy males before and
      after a 6 month intensive weight training programme. The tissue was sectioned,
      photographed under a Philips EM200 and subjected to stereological analysis. Cross
      sectional fibre areas were also calculated from cryostat sections stained for
      ATPase activity. Morphometric analysis indicated that training resulted in a
      significant 26% reduction in mitochondrial volume density and a 25% reduction in
      the mitochondrial volume to myofibrillar volume ratio. These changes were
      accompanied by significant increases in fibre area for both FT (33%) and ST (27%)
      fibres as determined from the light microscope. There was a significant
      correlation between the reduction in mitochondrial volume density and the
      increase in FT fibre area following training (r=0.845). It was concluded that
      heavy resistance training leads to a dilution of the mitochondrial volume density
      through an increase in myofibrillar size with hypertrophy.

PMID- 158695
TI  - [Peritoneal tuberculosis in Africa (author's transl)].
AB  - Peritonel tuberculosis is quite frequent overseas and specially in Africa; as an
      example, it is about 0,5 p. 100 of the admittances and 13 p. 100 of the total
      number of tuberculous cases recorded in Dakar and Djibouti, over a period of four
      years. First symptoms are not caracteristic but rapidly one may observe either
      ascitic or non-ascitic forms, with eventually pseudo-tumoral or adhesive aspect.
      Diagnostic criteria are reviewed as well as the therapeutic rules and results.

PMID- 158696
TI  - [Psychological situations during the rehabilitation of the physically
      handicapped].

PMID- 158697
TI  - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were more sensitive to the diabetogenic
      effects of streptozotocin than normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Thus, 10
      days after intravenous administration of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin in SHR, mean
      pancreatic insulin content was decreased by 42% (p less than 0.05), and mean
      plasma glucose concentration was increased from 85 to 215 mg/dl (p less than
      0.001), whereas between 37.5 and 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin was required to
      produce similar effects in normotensive WKY rats. Also, there was a progressive
      decrease in blood pressure in SHR injected with 25, 35.7, or 50 mg/kg of
      streptozotocin, whereas blood pressure was progressively increased after
      streptozotocin in normotensive WKY rats. The opposite effects of streptozotocin
      induced diabetes on blood pressure in SHR and WKY rats could be observed at
      similar degrees of hyperglycemia and are presently unexplained.

PMID- 158698
TI  - Origin and binding specificity of protein(s) coded for by Mu prophages.
AB  - Crude extracts of bacteria lysogenic for temperature phage Mu contain proteins
      that retain specifically Mu DNA on nitrocellulose filters. The amount of binding
      protein is directly proportional to the number of Mu prophages per E. coli
      genome. Specificity of the binding reaction could be demonstrated by using
      heterologous DNAs as substrate and by a competition experiment. By using hybrid
      plasmids containing different amounts of the immunity end and extending to
      various degrees into MuDNA, it was found that the binding activity is coded for
      by the left 1,000 nucleotide-pair HindIII fragment. When using these hybrid
      plasmids as binding substrate, two different binding sites for the immunity
      product were detected. Joining of the MucI gene to the left lambda early promoter
      resulted in increased production of immunity protein at elevated temperature. A
      possible explanation for the relatively low amounts of immunity protein in all of
      the different strains studied is discussed.

PMID- 158700
TI  - Tetrabenazine for involuntary movement disorders.
AB  - The use of tetrabenazine to treat the movement disorder of Huntington's chorea
      and other dyskinesias is described. Tetrabenazine produced moderate to marked
      improvement in the movement disorder in 79% of a series of 40 Australian
      patients. The most commonly reported side effects were depression, drowsiness and
      Parkinsonism.

PMID- 158701
TI  - Down's syndrome in South Australia.
AB  - In a survey of Down's syndrome in South Australia, 921 persons, both living and
      deceased, were identified; 717 individuals with the disorder were living in South
      Australia. Cytogenetic confirmation of the diagnosis had been made in 774 cases.
      From 1955 to 1977, the over-all incidence of Down's syndrome at birth was found
      to be 1.175/1000 live births. The incidence of Down's syndrome was significantly
      lower over the last five years of this period than for the first 18 years; thus
      it appears that the incidence of Down's syndrome in South Australia is falling.
      Analysis of maternal age changes with time has not revealed any changes to the
      maternal age-specific rates for Down's syndrome, although the rate for mothers
      aged 25 years or younger appears to be falling. The proportion of Down's syndrome
      babies born to women aged 35 years or more has decreased from 65.7% for those
      born before 1950 to 30.4% for those born from 1975 to 1977; similarly, the median
      maternal age has fallen from 37.12 years to 28.25 years. Regression analyses of
      maternal age rates for Down's syndrome by single years have produced figures
      suitable for genetic counselling. A plea is made that Down's syndrome should
      become a notifiable condition.

PMID- 158699
TI  - Spectinomycin-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis with altered sporulation
      properties.
AB  - Spectinomycin-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis show three different types
      of alterations in sporulation ability. Class 1 mutants can both grow and
      sporulate in the presence of spectinomycin. Class 2 mutants can grow in the
      presence of spectinomycin, but are unable to sporulate in either the presence or
      absence of spectinomycin. Class 3 mutants have a conditional phenotype, and are
      able to sporulate in the absence of spectinomycin, but not in its presence. The
      ability of these strains to produce alkaline phosphatase, a biochemical marker
      for early sporulation events, is correlated with the ability to sporulate in the
      presence or absence of antibiotic. All of the spectinomycin-resistance mutations
      could be genetically linked to the cysA marker, and a mutational alteration of a
      protein of the 30S ribosomal subunit has been identified in one of the Class 3
      strains (Spc 1-11). Fine-structure mapping of the spectinomycin resistance
      mutation of strain Spc 1-11 confirmed its location in the cluster of genes for
      ribosomal components on the B. subtilis genetic map. Genetic analysis indicated
      that the properties of the Class 1 and Class 2 mutants result from more than one
      mutation. The spectinomycin-resistance and altered sporulation properties of the
      two Class 3 mutants probably result from a single genetic lesion.

PMID- 158704
TI  - Role of gastrointestinal endoscopy and peritoneoscopy in the diagnosis of cancer.

PMID- 158703
TI  - Inhibition of interferon action by chinoform.
AB  - Chinoform, iodochlorhydrozyquin, was found to suppress the antiviral action of
      interferon. Chick embryo fibroblast cells treated with the mixture of interferon
      and chinoform were more sensitive to Sindbis virus infection than cells treated
      with interferon alone. No evidence for a direct inactivation of interferon
      molecule by chinoform was obtained. Treatment with chinoform of cells previously
      exposed to interferon also removed a cellular antiviral state induced by
      interferon. Chinoform suppressed intracellular ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein
      syntheses. It is suggested that the inhibitory effect of chinoform on the action
      of interferon is due to a suppression of continued production of antiviral
      proteins.

PMID- 158702
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection depresses contact sensitivity to oxazolone by
      enhancing suppressor cell activity.
AB  - The depression of contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice infected with
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. In oxazolone-sensitized mice, P. aeruginosa
      infection affects cell proliferation in the lymph nodes draining the site of
      sensitization. This impaired cell proliferation does not seem to be due to an
      altered lymphocyte reactivity, since lymph node and spleen cells from infected
      animals show a normal mitotic responsiveness to both T and B cell mitogens. In
      addition, the draining lymph nodes and spleens of mice exhibiting a depressed
      response to oxazolone contain a cell population able actively to suppress the
      response to the same antigen of syngeneic recipients sensitized immediately
      before the cell transfer. These suppressor cells require antigenic stimulation
      and appear to act on the induction phase of contact sensitivity.

PMID- 158705
TI  - An attempt to distinguish a modified genetic response of the mouse testis to X
      ray exposure by the action of a spermatogonial chalone.

PMID- 158706
TI  - Experimental corticosteroid myopathy: effect on myofibrillar ATPase activity and
      protein degradation.
AB  - Corticosteroid myopathy was studied in young, mature New Zealand white rabbits
      given daily injections of betamethasone (0.3 mg/kg body weight/day) for two
      weeks. Control rabbits were pair-fed and received saline injections.
      Bethamethasone treatment caused significant wasting of type 2 gluteus medius and
      psoas muscles but did not cause any atrophy of type 1 soleus and gluteus minimus
      muscles. The Mg2+- and Ca2+-activated myofibrillar ATPase activities of the
      corticosteroid-treated rabbits did not differ from controls despite a 30%
      reduction in muscle wet weight and pronounced reduction in cross-sectional area
      of fibers. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of myofibrillar
      proteins did not differ quantitatively or qualitatively between experimental and
      control rabbits. Studies of net muscle protein degradation (using 3H-leucine) in
      betamethasone-treated and control rabbits indicate that both type 1 and type 2
      muscle fiber proteins are degraded several times faster in the corticosteroid
      treated group. This suggests that a compensatory mechanism exists for those type
      1 and mixed fiber type muscles which have increased degradation but do not
      undergo wasting.

PMID- 158707
TI  - Trichinosis: clinical report and histochemistry of muscle.
AB  - A 35-year-old woman contracted severe trichinosis which was atypical in that it
      lacked a gastrointestinal prodrome and periorbital edema, and in that
      eosinophilia developed only late in the course of the illness. The patient
      developed an incapacitating myositis as well as complications of encephalopathy,
      myocarditis, and retinal hemorrhages, resulting in severe debilitation of more
      than two and one-half months' duration. Muscle histochemistry illustrated
      previously unreported features.

PMID- 158708
TI  - Abnormalities of immunoregulatory T cells in disorders of immune function.
AB  - We studied a five-year-old girl with several autoimmune disorders and a 16-year
      old boy with acquired agammaglobulinemia to determine whether aberrations of
      immunoregulatory T cells could explain some instances of immunodeficiency or
      autoimmunity. The normal peripheral blood T-cell population, as defined by
      specific heteroantiserums, is 20 per cent TH2+ and 80 per cent TH2-. Human
      suppressor cells are TH2+, whereas helper cells are TH2-. In addition, each
      subset expresses Ia antigens upon activation. Our patient with autoimmune disease
      had no demonstrable TH2+ cells, and her lymphocytes could not be induced to
      suppress. Her circulating T cells were of an activated-helper phenotype, i.e.,
      TH2-,Ia+. In contrast, in the boy with agammaglobulinemia, the T-cell population
      was predominantly of an activated-suppressor phenotype, i.e., TH2+,Ia+. This
      patient's T cells abrogated both his own and his histoidentical brother's B-cell
      secretion of immunoglobulins. We conclude that the characterization of T cells
      may provide insight into the causes of a number of abnormal immune states in man.

PMID- 158709
TI  - Leukocyte-plasma interaction in fibrinolysis. A new dimension in the action of
      urokinase.

PMID- 158711
TI  - The pathology of intrarenal vascular lesions associated with the loin-pain
      haematuria syndrome.
AB  - The histological appearances of the proximal and peripheral intrarenal arteries
      and renal cortex have been examined in 3 patients who underwent nephrectomy for
      intractable pain associated with the loin-pain-haematuria syndrome. Marked
      'atherosclerotic' changes were noted to involve segmental, lobar, interlobar and
      arcuate arteries with evidence in one kidney of early microaneurysmal formation.
      These lesions of the more proximal intrarenal arteries were associated with
      occlusive lesions of the interlobular arteries, areas of cortical ischaemia and
      cortical infarcts consistent with the changes resulting from microemboli. The
      histological appearances correlated well with previously described angiographic
      findings.

PMID- 158710
TI  - Direct addition of insulin inhibits a high affinity Ca2+-ATPase in isolated
      adipocyte plasma membranes.
AB  - The mechanism by which insulin regulates cellular metabolism remains unknown
      although indirect evidence suggests that alterations in intracellular calcium are
      important. More specifically, it has been proposed that insulin triggers an
      increase in intracellular calcium which is responsible for the subsequent
      modification of metabolic activities. The cell maintains a large electrochemical
      gradient for ionised calcium between the cytoplasm (less than 10(-6) M, as
      determined for muscle and nerve) and the extracellular environment (less than 10(
      3) M). The plasma membrane may, therefore, be important in the regulation of
      calcium homeostasis, as a slight alteration in the processes maintaining this
      gradient could result in marked changes in cytoplasmic calcium. One such process
      is the active extrusion of calcium from the cell by a high affinity calcium
      stimulated ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase). Such a mechanism has been well established in
      red cells and is postulated in nerve, liver and muscle. We have identified a high
      affinity Ca2+-ATPase in a plasma membrane-enriched subcellular fraction isolated
      from rat adipocytes which may provide the enzymatic basis for a calcium extrusion
      pump. We demonstrate here that the Ca2+-ATPase is specifically inhibited by the
      direct addition of physiological concentrations of insulin to the direct addition
      of physiological concentrations of insulin to the isolated plasma membranes. This
      effect suggests that direct regulation of calcium homeostasis may represent an
      important event in the mechanism of action of insulin.

PMID- 158712
TI  - Variety of cardiomegaly showing asymmetric septal hypertrophy or dilatation in
      long-term hemodialyzed patients: an echocardiographic study.

PMID- 158713
TI  - Niaprazine, a selective brain catecholamine depletor.

PMID- 158714
TI  - Excretion of catecholamines and tryptophan derivatives in schizophrenia.

PMID- 158715
TI  - Cyclic changes in cortical excitability in waking rats during induced changes in
      serotonin and noradrenalin metabolism.

PMID- 158717
TI  - [16-substituted steroids in the fetus and newborn in pregnancies complicated by
      toxemias].

PMID- 158716
TI  - Relative efficacy of clinical examination, electromyography, plain film
      radiography, myelography and lumbar phlebography in the diagnosis of low back
      pain and sciatica.
AB  - The procedures used in the investigation of low back pain and sciatica have been
      subjected to a double statistical analysis to determine their diagnostic
      accuracy, since contradictory opinions have been expressed in the literature. It
      was found that only lumbar phlebography was more accurate than the most simple
      procedure, the clinical examination. Myelography is more accurate than clinical
      examination only in making a positive diagnosis. In this case, it equals the
      reliability of lumbar phlebography, but so does plain film radiography which
      however leads to a positive diagnosis less constantly. Lumbar phlebography is the
      most accurate procedure for making a negative diagnosis, mainly by avoiding a
      false negative conclusion. A comparison is made with the statements in the
      literature and the complementary use of the different procedures is proposed for
      the investigation of low back pain and sciatica.

PMID- 158719
TI  - [Problems regarding food chemistry toxicology and nutritional physiology in
      connection with the law governing food and utilities, as viewed by the Federal
      Public Health Service from a scientific and scientific-administrative aspect
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 158720
TI  - [Systematic control of infectious diseases in Slesvig Holstein (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 158718
TI  - Laparoscopic tubal sterilization using thermal coagulation.
AB  - A technique using a low-voltage, rechargeable battery pack and a cautery hook
      assembly for thermal coagulation and division of the fallopian tube under
      laparoscopic visualization has been evaluated in 393 patients. The procedure is
      quick, easy to perform, and electrically safe. The gross extent of the burn to
      the fallopian tube by thermal coagulation and division was compared with that
      done by high-frequency unipolar electrocoagulation and division. The difference
      in the mean total gross tubal burn produced by the 2 methods is not statistically
      significant. The variance of total tubal burn in individual cases within each
      group is significantly greater in the electrocoagulation group. The authors
      assume that pregnancy rates in patients undergoing thermal coagulation and
      division will be no different than those reported in patients in the
      electrocoagulation and division group. Two hundred of the patients have been
      followed from 12 to 33 months and no method-failure pregnancies have occurred.

PMID- 158721
TI  - [Definition of the tasks of a public health medical officer regarding his
      participation in the planning of hospitals with particular reference to problems
      of hospital hygiene (author's transl)].

PMID- 158722
TI  - [Tasks and aims of the academy of public health in Duesseldorf (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 158723
TI  - [Status, function and professional training of the community physician in the
      U.K. National Health Service (author's transl)].

PMID- 158724
TI  - [Social work in public health service undergoing changes - new tasks and aims
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 158725
TI  - [The annual health report - feedback for the health office? (author's transl)].

PMID- 158726
TI  - [Comments on unspecific BCG vaccination of newborn (author's transl)].

PMID- 158727
TI  - [Tuberculin register? (author's transl)].

PMID- 158728
TI  - [Susceptibility to tuberculin in old age (author's transl)].

PMID- 158729
TI  - [The efficiency of voluntary mass radiography (author's transl)].

PMID- 158730
TI  - [Mass radiography - for how many years more? (author's transl)].

PMID- 158731
TI  - [Comments on assessment of ability to work in tuberculosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 158732
TI  - [Inability to work or service disability in non-specific diseases of the lung and
      bronchi (author's transl)].

PMID- 158735
TI  - A study of the use of electronic environmental control systems by severely
      paralysed patients.
AB  - The types of environmental control systems issued by the Department of Health and
      Social Security in England are described. The extent to which the apparatus is
      used by patients in the north-east Thames region is recorded according to the
      location (sitting room, bedroom, etc.), the number of hours in use and telephone
      calls made.

PMID- 158733
TI  - Ossicular abnormalities in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Down's syndrome has been associated with hearing loss and otitis media. Because
      of difficulty in examination, however, there have been few detailed otologic
      studies on this population. An understanding of the nature and frequency of ear
      disease in Down's syndrome is important, since it is common and occurs in more
      than one in every 600 live births. To define the aural manifestation of Down's
      syndrome, complete otologic and audiometric examination was performed on 107
      consecutive patients. This included micropneumatic otoscopy, pure-tone and speech
      audiometry, impedance tympanometry, and, in some cases, electronystagmography.
      Deficient hearing was found in 64% of these patients, and of these hearing
      losses, 83% were conductive. Surprisingly, middle ear effusion or tympanic
      membrane perforation accounted for only 60% of the conductive hearing losses.
      This finding prompted us to examine five temporal bones of children with Down's
      syndrome. These histologic sections revealed middle ear abnormalities including
      fixation and superstructure deformity of the stapes and dehiscence of the
      fallopian canal. Operative findings in 16 procedures on patients with Down's
      syndrome and conductive hearing loss suport those findings.

PMID- 158734
TI  - Sir Ludwig Guttmann: creator of a world sports movement for the paralysed and
      other disabled.

PMID- 158737
TI  - The handicap profile of the spinal cord-damaged in case file, communication
      documents and population survey.
AB  - "Definitions" of handicap are given, with a classification of intrinsic
      (personal) handicaps, as well as Tables for the preparation of an individual's
      Handicap Profile, of use in population Surveys and in case files."

PMID- 158736
TI  - Electronic communications and environmental control systems for the severely
      disabled.
AB  - A wireless environmental controller is described. The controller can either be
      used by itself or with other systems. It is suggested that commercially available
      personal computers, for environmental control and communication, will enable the
      severely disabled to lead a more independent life and may provide useful mental
      recreation.

PMID- 158738
TI  - [New species and new finds of trombiculid mites of the genus Leptotrombidium in
      Tadzhikistan (Trombiculidae)].
AB  - New species of chiggers from Tadzhikistan are described: Leptotrombidium tamanta
      sp. n. differs from all other species in having pubescent dorsal and lateral
      setae on the tibia of palps; L. derlatkoi sp. n. and L. apertum sp. n. are
      similar with L. smirnovi Kudryashova et Ribin, 1974, from which the former
      differs in having in the first dorsal row 8 setae instead of 10 and in certain
      sizes and the latter--in having a smaller number of setae on the body, short
      barbs on the dorsal setae and sizes. L. solum sp. n. differs from the close
      species L. europaeum (Daniel et Brelih, 1959) in the number of dorsal setae (43
      instead of 34), their location and smaller sizes of the scutum. L. wolandi sp. n.
      differs from the preceding species by a greater number of NDV and shorter PL. L.
      multiplex sp. n. is characterized by a great number of setae on the body (104-
      120). L. smirnovi is first reported from Tadzhikistan.

PMID- 158739
TI  - [Number of generations of Xenopsylla skrjabini fleas on the Mangyshlak Peninsula
      (Aphaniptera)].
AB  - Seasonal changes in the female age composition of micropopulations of X.
      skrjabini are described. The descriptions are based on observations conducted
      within a period of 1971-1976. The comparison of females' age with the time of
      mass egg laying and the data on the developmental cycle rate (from egg to imago)
      suggests that in Mangyshlak fleas of X. skrjabini have four generations a year.
      The second, third and fourth generations parasitise at the end of summer or early
      in autumn. The third and fourth generations hibernate in the quiescence state,
      begin reproducting in the spring of the next year and in June give start on the
      first summer generation.

PMID- 158740
TI  - [Ecology and distribution of the tick, Ixodes lividus, in Karelia (Ixodidae)].
AB  - The territory of Karelia was investigated from 62 degrees to 66 degrees N. In the
      nests of Riparia riparia the tick Ixodes lividus at all active phases of its
      development was first found. On the northern border of its distribution area the
      species shows a tendency to hibernate at the phases of nymph, female and male.
      This ability has favoured to a considerable extent the advancement of the species
      into the northern latitudes up t degrees 66 degrees N.

PMID- 158741
TI  - Allergic dermatoses in children.

PMID- 158742
TI  - [Children: our future].

PMID- 158744
TI  - [Glomerulopathies during hepatic disease (author's transl)].
AB  - Glomerular lesions essentially characterized by IgA deposits are very frequent in
      the course of alcoholic hepatopathies. Such glomerular lesions might be due to
      the deposition of the circulating immune complexes. Portal hypertension, by
      altering the epuration function of the liver could be one determining factor. The
      presence of similar glomerular lesions in other non alcoholic hepatopathies with
      portal hypertension and in experimental portal hypertension support such an
      hypothesis. In other circumstances where the liver disease is directly related to
      a viral or a parasitic agent glomerular lesion of the type seen in circulating
      immune complexes disease are also encountered. However in such a situation there
      is no evidence that the hepatic disease bears any influence on the renal disease.

PMID- 158743
TI  - [Vasogenic cerebral oedema. Changes in membrane ATPases. Correction by a
      phospholipid precursor (author's transl)].
AB  - In vasogenic cerebral oedema, there is progressive quantitative and qualitative
      impairment of mitochondrial ATPase and of Na/K/ATPase. This impairment, which
      reflects the intracellular component of cerebral oedema, would appear to be
      related to changes in the phospholipid environment of the cell membrane enzymes.
      CDP choline, a metabolic phospholipid precursor, is to a certain extent capable
      of correcting this disturbed activity and at the same time reduce oedema.

PMID- 158745
TI  - Surface-mediated reactions of blood clotting and related phenomena.

PMID- 158746
TI  - [Diagnosis of destructive forms of appendicitis in children by a method of
      electromyography of the anterior abdominal wall].

PMID- 158747
TI  - Rapid RNA sequencing: nucleases from Staphylococcus aureus and Neurospora crassa
      discriminate between uridine and cytidine.
AB  - Using end-labelled RNA, significant changes in base specificity of three
      nucleases have been detected under defined conditions. Staphylococcus aureus
      nuclease at pH 3.5 without Ca++ cleaves all Pyr-N bonds more uniformly and
      efficiently than RNase A, without any preference for Pyr-A bonds. At pH 7.5 in 10
      mM Ca++ this enzyme cleaves all N-C and N-G bonds slowly, whereas N-U and N-A
      bonds are hydrolyzed rapidly. Hence, the base at the 3'- or at the 5'-side of a
      phosphodiester bond can determine the base specificity of S. aureus nuclease. -
      In absence of urea, Neurospora crassa endonuclease cleaves all phosphodiester
      bonds, but leaves all C-N bonds intact in 7 M urea. - RNase U2 at pH 3.5 cleaves
      A-N bonds more efficiently than at pH 5.0.

PMID- 158748
TI  - Hybridization of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides to phi chi 174 DNA: the
      effect of single base pair mismatch.
AB  - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides complementary to the DNA of the wild type (wt)
      bacteriophage phi chi 174 have been synthesized by the phosphotriester method.
      The oligomers, 11, 14, and 17 bases long, are complementary to the region of the
      DNA which accounts for the am-3 point mutation. When hybridized to am-3 DNA, the
      oligonucleotides form duplexes with a single base pair mismatch. The thermal
      stability of the duplexes formed between wt and am-3 DNAs has been measured. The
      am-3 DNA:oligomer duplexes dissociate at a temperature about 10 degrees C lower
      than the corresponding wt DNA:oligomer duplexes. This dramatic decrease in
      thermal stability due to a single mismatch makes it possible to eliminate the
      formation of the mismatched duplexes by the appropriate choice of hybridization
      temperature. These results are discussed with respect to the use of
      oligonucleotides as probes for the isolation of specific cloned DNA sequences.

PMID- 158749
TI  - Defined transversion mutations at a specific position in DNA using synthetic
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides as mutagens.
AB  - The oligodeoxyribonucleotides, pCCCAGCCTCAA, which is complementary to
      nucleotides 5274--4284 of bacteriophage phi X174 viral DNA , and pCCCAGCCTAAA,
      which corresponds to the same sequence with a C leads to A change at the ninth
      nucleotide, were synthesized enzymatically. The second of these oligonucleotides
      was used as a primer for E. coli DNA polymerase I, from which the 5'-exonculease
      has been removed by proteolysis (Klenow enzyme), on wild-type phi X174 viral DNA
      template. After ligation, this yielded closed circular heteroduplex DNA with a G,
      A mismatch at nucleotide 5276. Transfection of E. coli spheroplasts with the
      heteroduplex DNA produced phage mutated at this nucleotide (G leads to T in the
      viral DNA) with high efficiency (13%). The mutant DNA, which corresponds to the
      gene B mutant am16, was reverted (T leads to G) by the wild type oligonucleotide
      with an efficiency of 19%. The nucleotide changes  were established by sequence
      determination of the mutated viral DNA using the enzymatic terminator method. The
      production of specific transversion mutations, together with a previous
      demonstration of specific transition mutations (1), established that short
      enzymatically synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotides can be used to induce any
      class of single nucleotide replacement with high efficiency and thus provide a
      powerful tool for specific genetic manipulations in circular genomes like that of
      phi X174.

PMID- 158750
TI  - Effect of chronic administration of antidepressant drugs on the noradrenaline
      disappearance induced by FLA-63 in the rat brain.
AB  - We evaluated noradrenaline (NA) level and NA disappearance after FLA-63 in some
      regions of the brain of rats chronically treated with antidepressants: imipramine
      (IMI), amitriptyline (AMI) and danitracen (DAN). IMI (10 mg/kg sc), AMI (10 mg/kg
      sc) and DAN (3 mg/kg ip) were administered to rats twice daily for 10 days.
      Experiments with a single dose of antidepressants were carried out for
      comparison. Given chronically, IMI decelerated NA disappearance in the cortex
      after 2, 24, 48 hr but accelerated it 72 hr after the last injection; AMI did not
      produce any change in the brain regions examined up to 72 hr; DAN accelerated NA
      disappearance in the cortex and in the limbic system, whereas it effected no
      changes in the pons+medulla. These results indicate that: 1) the effects of
      chronic administration of IMI, AMI or DAN on the brain NA disappearance are
      different, 2) chronic administration of antidepressants produces effects not
      found at a single administration.

PMID- 158751
TI  - [Vladimir Davidovich Kiknadze (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 158752
TI  - Acupuncture analgesia for chronic low back pain.
AB  - Preliminary findings are presented of a double-blind, crossover trial comparing
      the effects of traditional with placebo acupuncture in relieving chronic low back
      pain. 77 patients completed the study. Following initial assessment and baseline
      readings, patients had a 4-week course of active or placebo treatment given twice
      weekly. After a 4 week rest period patients received the alternate treatment,
      using the same time schedule. A 4 week follow-up period completed the trial.
      Using visual analogue scale readings as a measure of pain there was no cumulative
      difference in pain reduction achieved by traditional as compared with placebo
      acupuncture treatment. Both groups achieved a 55% overall reduction in pain level
      at the end of the trial, compared with initial baseline readings.

PMID- 158753
TI  - Correlation of mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity and graft survival in one
      haplotype-matched recipients.

PMID- 158754
TI  - First year's experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

PMID- 158755
TI  - Suppressor cells inhibiting the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in long
      term human transplant recipients.

PMID- 158756
TI  - Presidential address.

PMID- 158757
TI  - Electron microscopic analysis of transcription: mapping of initiation sites and
      direction of transcription.
AB  - An electron microscope technique is described that allows rapid characterization
      of transcription in vitro. DNA is transcribed with Escherichia coli RNA
      polymerase in vitro, and the RNA is hybridized to its template. Measurement of
      the resulting transcription R-loop molecules allows accurate mapping of
      transcription initiation sites (promoter sites) and analysis of the direction and
      rate of transcription and the level of transcription from each initiation site.
      The two major early promoters pR and pL of bacteriophage lambda have been mapped
      within 0.1-0.3 map units of the known positions and three additional sites have
      been confirmed. Six transcription initiation sites have been preliminarily mapped
      on plasmid pSF2124 DNA.

PMID- 158758
TI  - The rat serum albumin gene: analysis of cloned sequences.
AB  - The rat serum albumin gene has been isolated from a recombinant library
      containing the entire rat genome cloned in the lambda phage Charon 4A.
      Preliminary R-loop and restriction analysis has revealed that this gene is split
      into at least 14 fragments (exons) by 13 intervening sequences (introns), and
      that it occupies a minimum of 14.5 kilobases of genomic DNA.

PMID- 158759
TI  - Regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis in Escherichia coli by selective mRNA
      inactivation.
AB  - In an Escherichia coli strain lysogenic for lambda spc2 transducing phage, an
      extra copy of ribosomal protein (r-protein) genes in the spc and alpha operons
      are carried on the phage chromosome. Expression of genes in the spc operon in
      this merodiploid strain was compared with that in a control "haploid" strain
      carrying lambda trkA phage. It was found that the synthesis rate of spc mRNA,
      relative to other reference mRNA in the merodiploid strain, is about 2-fold
      higher than that in the control strain; yet, no dosage effect was observed in the
      synthesis rate of r-proteins in the spc or alpha operon. The spc mRNA was found
      to be more rapidly degraded in the merodiploid strain than in the control strain,
      and its steady-state amount, relative to reference mRNA, was only slightly higher
      in the merodiploid strain than in the control strain. Thus, E. coli cells have
      the ability to regulate the rate of r-protein synthesis regardless of the rate of
      transcription of r-protein genes, presumably by inactivation of the mRNA followed
      by its degradation. A model is proposed which involves selective inactivation of
      r-protein mRNA by a feedback mechanism. The model can explain coordinated
      synthesis of r-proteins and other observations related to selective expression of
      certain alleles in diploid strains.

PMID- 158760
TI  - T lymphocyte response to H-2 mutants: cytotoxic effectors are Ly-1+2+.
AB  - The lymphocyte differentiation (Ly) antigen phenotype of cytotoxic effector T
      cells specific for H-2 mutant alloantigens was determined. Cytotoxic effectors
      generated in primary mixed lymphocyte culture and specific for H-2Kba and H-2Dda
      alloantigens are sensitive to both anti-Ly-1 and anti-Ly-2 serum plus complement.
      Reconstitution analysis demonstrated that the mutant-specific T cells were Ly
      1+2+. These observations and those previously reported, which indicated that H
      2K/D mutant-specific T cells proliferating in mixed lymphocyte culture were Ly
      1+2+, demonstrated that Ly-1+2+ T cells are immunocompetent. Furthermore, the
      nature of the stimulating H-2 complex alloantigen determines the Ly phenotype of
      responsive T cells.

PMID- 158761
TI  - Help and suppression by lymphoid cells as a function of cellular concentration.
AB  - The phytohemagglutinin-stimulated uptake of [3H]thymidine in mixtures of human
      lymphocytes from the same source was shown to depend on the cell concentration in
      vitro as well as on the period of cultivation. "Helper" and "suppressor" effects
      were obtained by varying the concentration of cells and the periods of
      cultivation. The possibility that helper and suppressor subpopulations were
      responsible was avoided by mixing lymphoid cell line cells with others of the
      same monoclonal origin. Even under these conditions, both the direction and the
      extent of activity depended on the same two variables. This weakens the case for
      postulating the existence of distinct subpopulations of lymphocytes with helper
      or suppressor properties. This case was based on the use of damaging treatments
      believed to separate cell populations which were then found to differ in their
      helper and suppressor properties. We propose instead that the effect of such
      treatments is mediated through changes in the concentrations of interacting
      cells. Our data make it clear that the function of lymphoid cells ascertained in
      one set of conditions need not apply within a different cellular environment.

PMID- 158762
TI  - Reconstitution and purification by "transport specificity fractionation" of an
      ATP-dependent calcium transport component from synaptosome-derived vesicles.
AB  - A synaptosomal ATP-dependent Ca uptake system was reconstituted into artificial
      vesicles by a cholate dialysis procedure using an 80-fold excess of exogenous
      phospholipid. Under these conditions, most of these vesicles would be expected to
      have only one or, at most, a few membrane proteins. The vesicles containing an
      ATP-dependent Ca transport system were purified from the bulk of the preparation
      on density gradients by increasing their density by the ATP-dependent
      intravesicular precipitation of Ca oxalate; a approximately 100-fold purification
      resulted. The purified Ca-transporting vesicles contained two major protein
      components, of Mr 94,000 and 140,000 according to sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis. These components are believed to be responsible for Ca transport
      in this synaptosome-derived membrane fraction.

PMID- 158763
TI  - Rotational motion and evidence for oligomeric structures of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum Ca2+-activated ATPase.
AB  - The rotational motion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-activated ATPase (ATP
      phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) has been investigated by measuring the decay of
      laser flash-induced dichroism with the covalently attached triplet probe eosin
      isothiocyanate. The Arrhenius plot for rotational mobility indicates two
      discontinuities at approximately 15 degrees C and approximately 35 degrees C. The
      experimental data are rationalized in terms of a sudden conformeric change in the
      ATPase at 15 degrees C and a temperature-dependent equilibrium existing between
      the conformationally altered ATPase and oligomeric forms of it in the temperature
      range 15-35 degrees C. The enzymatic activity, as indicated by a discontinuity in
      the Arrhenius plot for the rate of ATP hydrolysis, appears to be sensitive only
      to the change at 15 degrees C. There is a strong correlation between the
      activation energy below 15 degrees C for rotational motion (33.6 +/- 2.2
      kcal/mol) and enzymatic activity (34 +/- 4 kcal/mol).

PMID- 158764
TI  - Trophoblast modulation of maternal allogeneic recognition.
AB  - Human syncytiotrophoblast cell membranes prepared by differential
      ultracentrifugation were extracted with 3 M KCl, solubilized in 1% deoxycholate,
      and chromatographically separated into two peaks by passage through a column of
      Bio-Gel P-200. Previous reports from this laboratory have shown that the first
      peak (PI) is serologically the same as a group of trophoblast membrane antigens
      tentatively designated as TA1. Microgram amounts of P1 protein were found to
      completely inhibit the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction but had no
      suppressive effect on lymphocyte responses to the lectins phytohemagglutinin or
      pokeweed mitogen. Control P1 membrane fractions identically prepared from human
      erythrocytes and liver powder had no inhibitory effects on either MLC reactions
      or lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Dose response experiments with P1 from 10
      different placentae showed total inhibition of MLC by all preparations when used
      between 25 and 50 microgram/0.2-ml MLC mixture, but some P1 fractions inhibited
      significantly at much lower concentrations. Timed experiments revealed that MLC
      suppression was maximal when P1 was added within 12 hr after culture initiation
      and that no effect could be found with addition after 48 hr. We have previously
      shown that TA1 is a lymphocyte product of allogeneic responses, and the present
      results indicate that P1 proteins are themselves involved in the biology of
      lymphocyte responses to allogeneic cells. Pregnancy is one of the few natural
      circumstances in which a mixing of allogeneic cells occurs in vivo, and the
      presence of P1 proteins at the operational interface in the host-parasite
      relationship of human pregnancy suggests that this trophoblast membrane
      constituent is involved in the modulation of maternal allogeneic responses.

PMID- 158765
TI  - Effects of serotonin content on pain sensitivity in the rat.
AB  - In this study the role of serotonin in pain sensitivity was investigated. Brain
      serotonin was elevated via low and high doses of precursor tryptophan and lowered
      via parachlorophenylalanine or lesions placed in the dorsal raphe nucleus. The
      effects on pain sensitivity were then assessed using two psychophysical pain
      testing procedures: (1) minimum shock intensity (threshold) which produced a
      conditioned escape response; and (2) total activity elicited by highly aversive
      inescapable shock. The results showed that only a large elevation of serotonin
      produced a change in escape thresholds in the direction of hypoalgesia. When
      total activity to a painful inescapable stimulus was evaluated only lowering of
      serotonin produced an effect, and this change was in the direction of
      hyperalgesia. The conclusion was made that serotonin does contribute to the
      mechanism of pain.

PMID- 158766
TI  - Pargyline and tryptophan enhancement of tonic immobility: paradoxical attenuation
      with combined administration.
AB  - Four experiments were conducted to examine the individual and combined effects of
      pargyline and tryptophan on the duration of tonic immobility in chickens.
      Injection of either compound alone produced a dose-dependent potentiation of
      tonic immobility. However, combined administration of pargyline and tryptophan
      resulted in a dramatic attenuation of the response and this effect was completely
      blocked by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine. In addition to reducing the
      duration of tonic immobility, combined administration of pargyline and tryptophan
      produced a complex behavioral syndrome which may be analogous to that observed in
      mammals after similar drug treatment. These results suggest the need for a
      modification of the recently proposed serotonergic-raphe model of tonic
      immobility.

PMID- 158767
TI  - Walker modification for patients with multiple handicaps.

PMID- 158768
TI  - Crib exercise board.

PMID- 158769
TI  - Determination of the optimum doses of nutrients in a diet.
AB  - For 14 days, SPF male Wistar rats with an initial weight of 60 g were given
      isocaloric diets (1.7 MJ/100 g diet) containing 10% protein (casein) and 5, 10,
      25 and 40% fat (margarine). Two utilization parameters of the protein biological
      value--net protein utilization (NPU) and liver protein utilization (LPU)--were
      determined from protein intake and body and liver nitrogen. These results were
      supplemented by a study of the course of the antithetical processes of
      gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, of the citric acid cycle and transamination
      processes and of the liver and muscle amino acid spectrum. A high (40%) fat diet
      significantly reduced the protein biological value parameters NPU and LPU and
      liver and muscle amino acid values, stimulated gluconeogenesis and inhibited
      glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, together with associated transamination
      processes in the liver. Activation of these processes in the muscles provided
      substrates for increased gluconeogenesis. The negative effect of a low fat + high
      carbohydrate diet was less marked. The optimum diet for weaned rats is thus a
      diet containing 10% protein and 10--25% fat. The study, which submits several
      possible ways of determining optimum nutrient intakes under different
      physiological conditions shows that diets with more detailed nutrient
      concentrations should be used.

PMID- 158770
TI  - Role of the vagus in control of the major conduit coronary artery in the dog.
AB  - Using El Badawi and Schenk's modification of Karnovski's method for the
      demonstration of acetylcholinesterase, the authors found cholinergic fibres both
      in the perivascular connective tissue and directly in the wall (in the
      adventitia) of the major coronary arteries; the fibres were distributed regularly
      around the circumference of the arteries. In the case of the smaller
      intramyocardial arteries, the cholinergic fibres were concentrated at two poles
      of the blood vessel; none were present in the wall of the veins. The shape and
      topography of the coronary cholinergic arterial plexus resemble the shape and
      topography of the coronary sympathetic adrenergic system. In apparent
      contradiction of this finding, stimulation of the cervical vagus did not affect
      the diameter of the large coronary arteries. Since acetylcholine (6--10
      micrograms/kg i.v.) produced a mean 7.4% increase in the diameter of the ramus
      interventricularis ventralis, we concluded that there are no postgangliar
      cholinergic fibres of vasomotor significance for the large coronary arteries in
      the cervical vagus. The specific acetylcholinesterase activity found in the wall
      of these vessels belongs either to cholinergic terminals whose ganglion cells are
      not located in the vagal ganglion, or to cholinergic axones terminating outside
      the wall of the large coronary arteries.

PMID- 158771
TI  - The age factor in blood flow in the calf and in vascular resistance at rest and
      in reactive hyperaemia.
AB  - The blood flow and vascular resistance in the calf were studied in two groups of
      healthy subjects (mean ages 22 and 49 years) at rest and in reactive hyperaemia
      produced by five minutes' ischaemia of the lower limb. The blood flow was
      determined by venous occlusive plethysmography and vascular resistance was
      computed from the mean blood pressure measured by auscultation on the arm and
      from the blood flow in the calf, at rest and during reactive hyperaemia. The
      resting flow and blood flows throughout practically the whole time of hyperaemia
      were found to be significantly smaller in young individuals. The maximal flow was
      significantly lower, the maximal flow time was significantly prolonged in young
      subjects. The recovery time and repayment of the flow debt in the two groups were
      the same. Vascular resistance in the calf was significantly greater in young
      subjects, both at rest and during dilatation. We assume from the results that the
      capacity of the arterial system in the lower limbs is significantly smaller in
      young individuals.

PMID- 158772
TI  - Lipolytic effect of TSH, glucagon and hydrocortisone on the adipose tissue of
      newborns and adults in vitro.
AB  - In an in vitro study, TSH stimulated glycerol release from the subcutaneous
      adipose tissue of newborns, but had no effect on its release from the adipose
      tissue of adults. Hydrocortisone stimulated only NEFA release in newborns.
      Glucagone had no effect on either neonatal or adult adipose tissue.

PMID- 158773
TI  - Isolation and properties of LC3 cells, a new cold-resistant L cell subline.
AB  - LC3 cells, selected from the L-As cells by repeated exposures to 4 degrees C for
      3--6 weeks with intermittent reincubations at 36 degrees C, differ from the
      initial population by better survival at 4 degrees C, more rapid recovery at 36
      degrees C, a higher multiplication at subnormal temperature, a higher sensitivity
      to supranormal temperature, increased cell size at 36 degrees and 4 degrees C,
      and higher oxygen consumption at 36 degrees C. These properties are the same as
      those described in our previously isolated cold-resistant L cell variants and are
      typical for the resistance to low temperature. The increased activity of alkaline
      phosphatase, detected in two of our cold-resistant L cell sublines, was not found
      in the LC3 cells and has thus no relation to decreased cold sensitivity.

PMID- 158774
TI  - The relationship between tryptophan pyrrolase activity, 5-HT metabolism in the
      brain and induction of hibernation.

PMID- 158775
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of propranolol in intact rats and in animals with artificial
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 158776
TI  - Changes in laryngeal motoneurone activity and in laryngeal calibre during the
      expiration reflex.
AB  - In anaesthetized and paralysed cats, the response of the laryngeal motoneurones
      during the expiration reflex is characterized by pronounced activation of the
      expiratory laryngeal motoneurones in the compressive phase and the subsequent
      constriction phase. In the expulsive phase the frequency of these discharges is
      significantly reduced. The inspiratory laryngeal motoneurones are inhibited
      during the reflex. The expiration reflex, in anaesthetized cats, is accompanied
      in the compressive phase and the subsequent constriction phase by a two-phase
      increase in laryngeal resistance. In the expulsive phase there is a significant
      drop in resistance.

PMID- 158778
TI  - The thinning of synaptic and glial membranes in an acute projected epileptic
      cortical focus in the rat. An electronmicroscopical, morphometrical study.

PMID- 158777
TI  - Cough reflex changes in local tracheitis.
AB  - The authors describe changes in the cough reflex in unanaesthetized cats with
      experimental local tracheitis. Inflammation was produced by a silk suture fixed
      in the trachea and cough was elicited by mechanical stimulation of different
      parts of the respiratory tract mucosa. The resultant cough values (the number of
      efforts, the intensity of the maximum effort and the intensity of the attack)
      were compared with the corresponding values in healthy cats. In animals with a
      tracheal suture, inflammation was confined to the trachea. The intensity of cough
      elicited by stimulation of this region increased significantly compared with
      normal (on the 15th to 17th day of inflammation), whereas cough elicited from the
      laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial region did not. On about the 20th day of
      inflammation the authors found a decrease in the intensity of the maximum effort
      of cough elicited from the inflamed part of the trachea and a decrease in the
      intensity of the maximum effort and the intensity of the coughing attack elicited
      from the laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial region. They assume that the
      decrease could have been due to the development of protective inhibition in
      central structures participating in integration of the cough reflex.

PMID- 158780
TI  - [Occupational dermatitis and skin changes in workers manufacturing and repairing
      fishing nets].

PMID- 158779
TI  - [Occupational dermatitis caused by irritating or sensitizing substances in Poland
      in the years 1971--1977].

PMID- 158781
TI  - [2 not yet described contact allergens: sodium hyposulfite and tertiary butyl
      alcohol].

PMID- 158782
TI  - [Treatment of gonorrhea with trobicin].

PMID- 158783
TI  - [Leopold Ollier, 1830-1900, the father of orthopedic surgery].

PMID- 158784
TI  - [Role of amputation in open fractures of the leg. Amputations].

PMID- 158785
TI  - [Role of amputation in open fractures of the leg. Psychological aspects].

PMID- 158786
TI  - [Biomechanical study of leg plaster casts].

PMID- 158787
TI  - [Theoretical and experimental physics study of stresses in osteosynthesis
      screws].

PMID- 158788
TI  - [Effects of D-tubocurarine in spinal cord shocks].

PMID- 158789
TI  - [The "caviar" prosthesis].

PMID- 158790
TI  - [Osteosynthesis of dorso-lumbar spinal fractures. Biomechanical approach and
      comparative study: reversed Harrington pins and hooks. Roy-Camille bone plates].

PMID- 158791
TI  - [Cotyloid cartilage as affected by 3 types of femoral prosthesis. Experimental
      study].

PMID- 158792
TI  - [Active reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament in chronic laxitis of
      the knee].

PMID- 158793
TI  - [The knee in rotational anomalies of the lower limbs in children].

PMID- 158794
TI  - [Nonsurgical acts for recent paraplegia].

PMID- 158795
TI  - [Clinical and radiographic elements of the diagnosis of spondylodiskitis. Value
      of disk puncture apropos of 44 cases].

PMID- 158796
TI  - [Comminuted fractures of the radial head: technic of surgical reconstruction].

PMID- 158797
TI  - [Mobilization under general anesthesia during the postoperative period after knee
      surgery. Indications, technic and results].

PMID- 158798
TI  - [Role of amputation in open fractures of the leg. Introduction].

PMID- 158799
TI  - [Open fractures of the leg. Indications and results. Apropos of 208 cases].

PMID- 158800
TI  - [Efficacy of subcutaneous heparin used according to 2 protocols in the prevention
      of postoperative venous thrombosis after total hip prothesis].

PMID- 158802
TI  - [Role of amputation in open fractures of the leg. Preservation].

PMID- 158801
TI  - [The vascular risks of frame-type external fixator pins in the leg].

PMID- 158803
TI  - [L5 S1 spondylolisthesis. Etiological factors and therapeutic indications].

PMID- 158804
TI  - [Ruptures of the rectus femoris muscle in sports].

PMID- 158805
TI  - [Orthopedic treatment of congenital hip dislocation. Contribution of Czechoslovak
      orthopedics].

PMID- 158806
TI  - [Acetabular reactions to femoral prostheses].

PMID- 158807
TI  - [Simple femoral prostheses].

PMID- 158809
TI  - [Acetabular reactions to adjusted femoral cups].

PMID- 158808
TI  - [Intermediate prostheses (femoral prostheses combined with an unsealed cup)].

PMID- 158810
TI  - [Adjusted cups for idiopathic necrosis. Radiological results].

PMID- 158811
TI  - [The philosophy of arthroplasty in neck fractures].

PMID- 158812
TI  - [The mechanical properties of callus in fractures treated by nailing or plating:
      an experimental study (author's transl)].
AB  - Twelve sheep were used in an experimental study on bone healing. The first
      metatarsal was fractured and fixed either by plating without compression or by
      intramedullary nailing. Three months later, the animals were sacrificed, the
      fractured bone removed and the mechanical properties of the callus were assessed
      by resistance to rupture, tangential strain measurement, the energy required for
      rupture, module of elasticity and the moment of inertia. It was concluded that
      callus was superior quantitatively as well as qualitatively after nailing. The
      mechanical properties of the callus wwere related to its degree of
      mineralisation.

PMID- 158813
TI  - [Hemivertebra. -- classification, natural history and prognosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors have studied a series of seventy patients with hemivertebra.
      Classification should be based on two criteria--firstly, that the hemivertebra
      can be fused or separate and secondly, vertebrae above and below the hemivertebra
      may or may not show transitional abnormality. The natural history may take one of
      three courses: 1--Deformity may be severe from the beginning in cases of separate
      hemivertebra associated with transitional abnormalites. 2--The deformity may be
      stable until the age of nine or ten years, after which a severe scoliosis or
      kypho-scoliosis may develop. 3--The deformity may be stable throughout the whole
      of the growing period. The prognosis should be based on the existence of
      transitional abnormalities, the characteristics of the hemisvertebra (separate or
      fused), the sex of the patient, assoicated congenital defects, the rotation of
      the hemivertebra, and the level of the deformity. Treatment should be surgical in
      cases with early progression during the first few years of life by excision of
      the hemisvertebra associated with correction using Harrington rods. At the
      thoracic level, this surgical procedure is dangerous and spine fusion is more
      appropriate. The second period for surgical treatment is at puberty, either by
      spine fusion or correction and fusion. At this age, excision of the hemivertebra
      may still be indicated in the lumbar spine.

PMID- 158814
TI  - [Blount's disease: a review of 8 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have reviewed eight cases of infantile tibia vara. All were treated
      operatively. Five patients were young children (less than 5 years old); they were
      treated by a single osteotomy into valgus and lateral rotation. Three children
      were older at the time of surgery. The deformity recurred in all of them and a
      second operation was required of elevation of the lateral tibial plateau and
      lateral epiplysiodesis. The authors emphasise the need for early correction of
      deformity to produce better mechanical function of the knee and balanced
      epiphyseal growth.

PMID- 158815
TI  - [French Society of Orthopedic and Traumatologic Surgery. List of members].

PMID- 158817
TI  - [Study and treatment of persons with non specific ulcerative colitis in the
      Soviet Socialist Republic of Armenia].

PMID- 158816
TI  - [Myotonic seizures; the action of curare or related compounds on myotonia
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Myotonic seizures with apnea are alarming but temporary incidents occurring
      during curaization of a myotonic patient. Experience with regional curaization in
      myotonia shows that it is induced only by suxamethonium and it is only an
      exaggeration of the fasciculations produced by this compound. In contrast,
      however, competitive curare compounds have no effect on myotonia. The myotonic
      seizure, which is specific to myotonia, is radically different from the other
      respiratory accidents common to muscular dystrophies.

PMID- 158818
TI  - [Bronchopulmonary reactions and asthma due to platinum. Occurrence in workers
      using platinum in the Paris area (author's transl)].

PMID- 158819
TI  - [Interspinal nearthrosis as one of the causes of lumbalgia].

PMID- 158820
TI  - Lymphocyte function.

PMID- 158821
TI  - Working group on back pain report.

PMID- 158822
TI  - Sacro-iliac joint scanning with technetium-99 diphosphonate.
AB  - Quantitative sacro-iliac (SI) joint scanning with methylene diphosphonate
      labelled with technetium-99 (99TcMDP) was performed in 25 control patients, in 16
      patients with definite ankylosing spondylitis, in 23 patients with mechanical low
      back pain, and in 12 patients with seronegative arthritis. The mean radio-isotope
      index in the control group was 1.2 +/- 0.15. The highest value was 1.5. Values in
      excess of 1.5 were seen in patients with clinically active ankylosing spondylitis
      but not those with inactive disease. Three of the 12 seronegative arthritis
      patients (without clinical or radiological evidence of sacro-iliitis) had
      elevated values: all of these were positive for HL-A B27. An important finding
      was that six of the 23 patients with mechanical or non-specific low back pain had
      values above 1.5, unassociated with B27. These data emphasize the need for
      caution in the interpretation of abnormal sacro-iliac scans. Radio-isotope bone
      scanning can provide a qualitative and quantitative assessment of inflammatory
      activity in joints with minimal radiation exposure. Various authors have shown
      its value in providing early evidence of sacro-iliitis (Russell et al., 1975;
      Namey et al., 1977). In this study, methylene diphosphonate labelled with
      technetium-99 (99TcMMDP) has been used to produce quantitative sacro-iliac scans
      in order to evaluate sacro-iliac disease in four groups of patients presenting
      with or without low back pain.

PMID- 158824
TI  - [Present status of neurology in 1979].

PMID- 158823
TI  - Functions of T cells and recruitment of cellular response after in vitro
      mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
AB  - In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from ten patients with
      chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) was investigated under various culture
      conditions. It was confirmed that the mitogenic reactivity of whole cell
      populations (PBL) was delayed and depressed. When CLL rosette-forming cells (RFC)
      were stimulated, their 3H-thymidine uptake was increased, but the pattern of the
      response was similar to that of whole PBL, thus suggesting some impairment of
      these cells. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the possible recruitment of B
      cells, generally thought to be unresponsive, some co-culture experiments were
      performed in which 10(4) normal lymphocytes and 10(5) CLL whole PBL or RFC
      depleted cell populations were stimulated with mitogens. An amplified response of
      the CLL lymphocytes was obtained in all co-cultures, and this effect was more
      evident when specific T cell stimulants were used; autologous CLL T lymphocytes,
      on the contrary, failed to display such a 'synergic' effect. These results
      indicate that normal lymphocytes are able to recruit a large number of CLL
      lymphocytes in the mitogenic response; furthermore, the fact that in co-cultures
      of CLL T-depleted fractions a better response was obtained with T cell mitogens
      suggests that the definition of CLL as a clonal expansion of unresponsive 'B'
      lymphocytes may be inadequate.

PMID- 158825
TI  - [Pediatric dentistry and maxillofacial surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 158826
TI  - Telecommunication performance of persons with hearing handicap in relation to
      speech reception threshold.
AB  - This study is concerned with the ability of hearing-impaired persons to perceive
      speech via the telephone and in particular with the possible benefit gained by
      the use of different kinds of auxiliary equipment (receiver amplifier, extra
      watch receiver, hearing aid in telemagnetic or microphone position, so-called
      combined amplifier, and combinations of these). In 203 hard-of-hearing subjects,
      grouped according to the speech reception threshold (SRT) of the better ear, the
      efficiency of the devices under test was investigated at two different line
      attenuations, one representing a good telephone connection and one representing a
      rather poor connection. It is concluded that persons with a slight hearing
      impairment (SRT:0--25 dB in the better ear) are able to use the telephone without
      special devices. The same applies to the majority of those with moderate hearing
      impairment (SRT:30--45 dB). For persons having a more severe hearing loss, a
      telephone with a receiving amplifier, or the individual hearing aid combined with
      the ordinary telephone set, can largely compensate for difficulties experienced
      when using the telephone. To complete the experiments, the audibility of a number
      of telephone bells was assessed. The bell in the standard set had low audibility
      for all the investigated groups of persons. Some of the other sound sources
      offered somewhat less difficulty.

PMID- 158827
TI  - Effect of pentoxifylline on red cell flexibility and cation transport in healthy
      subjects and patients with hereditary spherocytosis.
AB  - The effect of pentoxifylline (3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-hexyl)-xanthine) on the
      flexibility of red cells was studied using a filtration method in which the red
      cells are forced, at a constant flow-rate, through a porous polycarbonate
      membrane. The filtration pressure reflects red cell rigidity and the amount of Hb
      released from the disrupted cells ('free Hb') red cell fragility. The advantage
      of this method is that it allows the two important determinants of red cell
      flexibility, rigidity and fragility, to be studied simultaneously. Pentoxifylline
      significantly improved normal red cell flexibility both in vivo and in vitro as
      judged by this method. The impaired flexibility of red cells from patients with
      congenital or hereditary spherocytosis (HS) was aggravated by pentoxifylline in
      vitro. A similar effect of pentoxifylline was also observed on red cells from
      relatives of HS patients. The effect of pentoxifylline on Ca2+ transport and Ca2+
      Mg2+-ATPase activity in red cells from normal and HS patients was investigated.
      Under in vitro conditions pentoxifylline did not affect the Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase
      activity of or Ca2+ efflux from normal and HS red cells. Neither the influx of
      monovalent cations (Na+, Rb+) or the osmotic resistance of normal or HS red cells
      was affected by pentoxifylline.

PMID- 158828
TI  - Suppressor cells induced by purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD): the
      suppression is mediated by cells that proliferate in response to stimulation with
      PPD.
AB  - Lymphocytes stimulated with purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) were
      found to inhibit the PPD stimulation of fresh, autologous lymphocytes. This
      suppressor effect was exerted after preincubation with both high and low
      concentrations of PPD. Optimal suppression occurred after preincubation with PPD
      in concentrations of 5 micrograms/ml and higher, the same concentrations that
      gave optimal stimulation of DNA synthetsis in primary cultures. The suppressor
      effect was abolished completely by 'hot pulse' treatment and partly by treatment
      with colchicine during PPD preincubation, showing that the PPD-induced suppressr
      cells are generated by cell division. When fresh lymphocytes were incubated
      together with PPD-pretreated cells in cultures that were not stimulated with PPD,
      the PPD-stimulated lymphocytes exerted a stimulatory effect on the fresh
      lymphocytes. This effect was maximal for cells preincubated for 1 h with PPD,
      decreasing with increasing duration of preincubation with PPD. Possible
      explanations of this observation are discussed.

PMID- 158829
TI  - [Hemoglobin D Punjab. Apropos of 2 families].
AB  - Two families who are carriers of hemoglobin DPunjab in the heterozygous state are
      described. This is the first time hemoglobin DPunjab has been reported in
      Switzerland. The propositus of the first family had two periods of acute
      hemolysis, probably drug-induced, which were followed by reversible renal
      complications and which led to the discovery of the hemoglobin. Study of the
      second family was undertaken because of anemia in one of its members.

PMID- 158830
TI  - Post-operative analgesia following laparoscopic sterilization.
AB  - In a retrospective survey of 161 consecutive cases of laparoscopic sterilization
      performed over a period of six months, 41.6 per cent were by tubal diathermy and
      58.4 per cent by silastic Falope ring application. It was found that, in the
      latter group 28.7 per cent of patients required major post-operative analgesia,
      while in the group treated by diathermy only 4.5 per cent required such sedation.

PMID- 158831
TI  - Complications of 'dermolipectomy' as an encore to abdominal operative procedures.
AB  - Four examples are used to illustrate the disastrous results of 'dermolipectomies'
      done as an encore to abdominal operative procedures. These results fall far short
      of the ideal lipectomy, which can at times be aesthetically pleasing when one
      considers the extent of the original deformity.

PMID- 158832
TI  - The National Gonorrhea Therapy Monitoring Study: II. Trends and seasonality of
      antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 158833
TI  - Treatment of uncomplicated genital gonorrhea.

PMID- 158834
TI  - Epidemiology and treatment of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID- 158835
TI  - Treatment of gonorrhea in pregnancy.

PMID- 158836
TI  - The National Gonorrhea Therapy Monitoring Study: I. Review of treatment results
      and of in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility, 1972-1978.

PMID- 158837
TI  - Blind and disabled persons awarded federally administered SSI payments, 1975.
AB  - State agencies made medical determinations on 975,000 applications filed by the
      blind and disabled in 1975. Forty percent were found eligible for federally
      administered payments, and 60 percent were found ineligible. Nine out of 10 of
      the awardees were adults. Forty percent of these adults either had no occupation
      or no occupation was reported. Among both adults and children, the leading cause
      of disability was mental illness. Nearly 1 out of 3 adults was awarded benefits
      on the basis of mental disorders. The proportion of children determined disabled
      by mental illness was about twice that of adults. More than one-half of all
      children awarded benefits were mentally retarded. Among adults, the second most
      frequent disabling impairment was cardio-vascular disease; among children, it was
      diseases of the nervous system and sense organs.

PMID- 158838
TI  - Pseudointimal embolism from a woven Dacron graft.

PMID- 158840
TI  - [In memory of Vasilii Nikolaevich Bukin].

PMID- 158839
TI  - [Pathogenesis and the methods of diagnosis of idiopathic thrombopenic purpura].

PMID- 158841
TI  - [Pathology of immune complexes].

PMID- 158842
TI  - [Current principles of expert testimony in hemoblastoses].

PMID- 158843
TI  - [Side effects of oral contraceptives from a dermatological viewpoint].

PMID- 158844
TI  - The effect of sulphinpyrazone and other drugs on the platelet response during the
      acute phase of the active Arthus reaction in guinea pigs.

PMID- 158845
TI  - Plasminogen assay in rabbit, rat and mouse plasma using the chromogenic substrate
      s-2251.

PMID- 158846
TI  - A new APTT assay employing a chromogenic substrate and a centrifugal
      autoanalyzer.

PMID- 158847
TI  - Fibrinolysis of soluble and polymerized des-AA/des-AABB fibrin compared to
      fibrinogenolysis in buffer and in fibrinogen-boosted serum. Evidence that
      plasminogen activators are responsible for preferential degradation of
      polymerized fibrin.

PMID- 158848
TI  - The lysis of crosslinked human fibrin by plasmin yields initially a single
      molecular complex, D dimer-E.

PMID- 158849
TI  - Operational diagnostics of lungworm infections in cattle. Preliminary
      investigation into the usefulness of the indirect haemagglutination.
AB  - To give an impression of the usefulness of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) in
      the diagnosis of lungworm infections in cattle under practical conditions, five
      calves vaccinated against Dictyocaulus viviparus and five unvaccinated calves
      were periodically subjected to clinical, parasitological, and serological
      examinations over a period of seven months. All calves grazed on a lungworm
      infected plot. 82% of the observations in unvaccinated calves, which were
      positive with respect to one or more of the used parameters, concerned IHA
      positive animals which, however, showed negative results with the parasitic
      parameters. The titre variation of the serological examination was a further
      indication of the fact that the IHA detected antibodies against lungworm
      antigens. No indications of false positive reactions were obtained. An
      investigation carried out on 46 farms on the correlation between serological and
      clinical findings on lungworm infections revealed a positive correlation in 80%
      of the groups between results obtained with both methods. The authors consider
      that IHA offers good prospects for the diagnosis of lungworm infections.

PMID- 158850
TI  - Veterinary experiences as a Japanese prisoner of war and ex-POW along the Burma
      railroad from 1942 to January 1946.
AB  - As a prisoner of war the writer was working for nearly three years in different
      POW camps, and outside them, along the Burma railway from Thanbyuyzat in southern
      Burma up to Kanchanabury in Thiland. In the army of the Netherlands-Indian
      archipelago (KNIL) he had the military rank of reserve horse-doctor. In civilian
      life he was attached to the Veterinary Institute in Buitenzorg(now Bogor) as a
      veterinary bacteriologist. His task as a POW became that of meathygienist and
      supervisor of the living animals in the camps. In this function he diagnosed
      swine fever in growing pigs which had mainly been fed on the offal of the
      Japanese kitchen. The acute course and the pathological alterations observed
      during the post-mortem examinations were identical with those of the Southern
      African type of the disease. In slaughter cattle the author diagnosed some cases
      of lung tuberculosis, one of anthrax, several of rinderpest, some of rhinal
      granulomatosis and one of foot and mouth disease. In chickens he found NCD
      (pseudo-fowlpest) and in ducklings a mortal disease which the author then called
      'keeling disease' but which he many years later, recognized as virus hepatitis.
      As assistant bacteriologist and ex-POW he joined the British regimental hospital
      in Bangkok. Here he had the apportunity to assist the bacteriologist pathologist,
      Maj. C. R. Peck IMS/IAMC in diagnosing the first case of melioidosis in an ex-POW
      of the KNIL who died from the sub-acute infection, notwithstanding treatment in
      the hospital with sulfa-drugs and penicillin.

PMID- 158851
TI  - Aortic stenosis complicated by severe calcification of the wall of the ascending
      and transverse aorta: management by use of left ventricular to aortic composite
      conduit. Report of two cases.
AB  - The use of left ventricular aortic composite conduits in 2 patients with severe
      intramural calcification of both the ascending and the transverse aorta is
      reported. This method is felt to be superior to conventional aortic valve
      replacement, when the texture of the aortic wall does not allow cross clamping or
      secure closure.

PMID- 158852
TI  - Backstimulation by blastogenic factor in the primed LD typing test: possible role
      in anomalous responses.
AB  - The anomalous false-positive results often found in the primed lymphocyte typing
      (PLT) test seem to be partially due to the release of blastogenic factor (BF)
      from the stimulating cell, resulting in back stimulation of the primed
      lymphocyte. These anomalous responses can be greatly reduced by treating the
      stimulator cell with high doses of irradiation or with puromycin.

PMID- 158853
TI  - Study on HLA system in IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Forty Japanese patients with IgA nephropathy were typed for HLA-A and HLA-B using
      local antisera. Thirty-seven of these patients were typed for HLA-D using
      homozygous cells "En", now known to be strongly related to DRw6. Forty-six
      patients with chronic hemodialysis were used as patient controls for renal
      disease and 115 healthy individuals were used as normal controls. The frequency
      of HLA-DEn was significantly increased in 17 out of 37 patients with IgA
      nephropathy, (46%) (normal controls 18.3%) (P less than 0.0007). Although the
      occurrence of HLA-B12 was high, it was not significant, i.e. 11 out of 40
      (27.5%). These results suggest that some abnormality in the genes of patients
      with IgA nephropathy is more closely associated with the HLA-D region than the
      HLA-A or B regions.

PMID- 158854
TI  - The effect of blood transfusion on the immune response and renal graft survival
      in the Chacma baboon.
AB  - There is uncertainty about the role of blood transfusion of potential kidney
      graft recipients. In this study baboons were transfused under conditions
      mimicking the clinical situation and then callenged with kidney allografts.
      Eleven baboons were transfused 10 times with blood from different donors.
      Lymphocytotoxic antibodies induced against the separated B and T cells of a panel
      of 12 normal baboons were as follows: B-T- 30%; B+T- 3%; B-T+ 1% and B+T+ 66%.
      Kidney transplantations were done from donors against which the recipients had
      negative B-T- cross-matches. Median allograft survival time (MST) of 12 days in
      this group, which was immunosuppressed with azathioprine and prednisolone, was
      not prolonged when compared with non-transfused, immunosuppressed animals (MST 12
      days). A second group of 14 animals was screened for cytotoxins after each
      transfusion against a panel of five to six normal baboons. The antibody profile
      of 80 combinations tested after three transfusions was as follows: B-T- 65%; B+T-
      16%, B-T+ 0% and B+T+ 19%. Transplantation was with donors against which the
      transfused recipient had formed B+T- antibodies. Kidney allograft survival was
      again not prolonged (MST 13 days) but the mean serum creatinine level 8 days
      after transplantation was significantly lower than that observed in the first
      group.

PMID- 158856
TI  - The acute toxic effects of paraquat and diquat on the rat kidney.

PMID- 158855
TI  - Physiologically induced changes in intramembranous particle frequency in the
      axons of an osmoconforming bivalve.
AB  - Freeze-fractured axonal membrane surfaces from the connectives of Mytilus edulis
      show an increment in particle frequency of 52% (fixed tissues) or 68% (unfixed
      tissues) after long-term adaptation to low salinity. Particle size distribution
      was unaffected by osmotic adaptation, but was significantly different in fixed
      and unfixed material. The possibility that these structural changes reflect the
      known increase in sodium pump frequency in this osmoconforming tissue is
      considered.

PMID- 158857
TI  - [Number, age and qualifications of pedodontists and school dentists in Bulgaria].

PMID- 158858
TI  - [Organization of orthodontic services in Pleven district].

PMID- 158859
TI  - Steroid analysis of human apocrine secretion.
AB  - Analysis of the secretion of the human apocrine gland has shown the presence of
      dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone sulfates, two androgen steroids
      previously identified in axillary sweat. These steroid sulfates were
      characterized by the gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of the
      odorous steroids formed on direct injection of the apocrine secretion into the
      host gas chromatographic injector. No spectral evidence was found for the
      presence of the delta16-androgen steroids which have axillary-like odors and have
      also been reported in axillary sweat. Cholesterol was the major steroid component
      of the secretion.

PMID- 158860
TI  - [Possibilities of retaining teeth in children from the viewpoint of ambulatory
      dental surgery].
AB  - In the sphere of outpatient oral surgery, the treatment of children definitely
      offers possibilities of retaining teeth which are described in detail. The
      treatment should always be an individual one, and it should consider the
      pecularities of the growing organism.

PMID- 158861
TI  - [The program for the dental specialist education in pedodontics. With
      commentaries and recommendations by the Central Professional Commission for
      Pedodontics].

PMID- 158862
TI  - One-way mixed lymphocyte culture: differences between Chinese and Caucasian
      stimulator cells.
AB  - In "standardized" one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures, a pool of blood lymphocytes
      from randomly chosen Chinese subjects was a significantly stronger stimulus to
      Caucasian responder lymphocytes than was a pool of allogeneic cells from
      Caucasians. In contrast, Chinese lymphocytes did not respond more strongly to
      Caucasian cells than to Chinese cells. This could not be explained by an inherent
      racial difference in the capacity of blood lymphocytes to undergo blastogenesis.
      The implications of these findings for organ transplantation and routine testing
      of cell-mediated immune function are discussed.

PMID- 158863
TI  - Genetics of kidney allograft survival in dogs. I. Relevance of subregions of the
      major histocompatibility complex in recipients without immunosuppressive therapy.
AB  - The influence of subregions of the canine major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
      on renal allograft survival is assessed in recipients without immunosuppressive
      therapy. Results in six beagle littermate donor-recipient pairs in which the
      donor or recipient had a recombination in the MHC are compatible with the concept
      of a predominant role for the subregion containing the major mixed lymphocyte
      reaction (MLR) locus in determining allograft survival. Results in unrelated
      mongrel dogs indicate that compatibility for MLR induces a longer kidney
      allograft survival than compatibility for the serologically defined (SD)
      antigens. However, the effect of combined matching for MLR and SD antigens in
      unrelated donor-recipient pairs is slight in comparison to the effect of MLR
      and/or SD matching in littermate-related dogs. This indicates that other
      important histocompatibility systems probably exist in this species.

PMID- 158864
TI  - Induction of tolerance to allogeneic kidney grafts in irradiated reconstituted
      adult rats.

PMID- 158865
TI  - [Cellular energy functions of a subline of mouse fibroblasts resistent to the
      action of ethidium bromide].
AB  - The respiration of subline Leb-25 cells, resistant to ethidium bromide (EB, 25
      g/ml), is 2.5 times slower than the respiration of parental L cells of mouse
      fibroblasts. The EB resistant cells have a normal level of ATP. Disturbances of
      mitochondrial functions can be observed such as a defect of the succinate
      dehydrogenase complex and the uncoupling of respiration and oxidative
      phosphorylation in mitochondria of Leb-25 cells.

PMID- 158866
TI  - [Skin diseases related to occupation].

PMID- 158867
TI  - [Occupational skin diseases in a pottery. I. Prevalence and relation to
      occupation].

PMID- 158868
TI  - [Occupational skin diseases in a pottery. II. Preventive measurements, extent of
      treatment and registration].

PMID- 158869
TI  - Breast hamartomas. An important entity in mammary pathology.
AB  - 1. Fifteen cases of a rather distinct entity of tumour-like lesion in the breast
      are presented. 2. They have a distinct mammographic appearance and can be easily
      shelled out at surgery, leaving symmetrical breasts. 3. They are well
      circumscribed lumps of varying size with a smooth surface. 4. Microscopically
      they show normal or dysplastic glandular structures of lobules and ducts, without
      neoplastic features, within a prominent fibrous stroma. The lesions appear to be
      closely related to adenolipomas.

PMID- 158870
TI  - Interstitial fibrosis of the renal cortex in minimal change lesion and its
      correlation with renal function. A quantitative study.
AB  - Morphometric investigations were performed in 18 biopsies from 16 patients with
      the nephrotic syndrome and 10 biopsies from 10 patients with mild proteinuria not
      associated with oedema. All biopsies showed normal glomeruli on light microscopy.
      The interstitial fibrosis was significantly increased in both patient groups
      compared with controls, and it was greater in the patients with mild proteinuria
      than in the group with nephrotic syndrome. A significant negative correlation was
      present between the degree of fibrosis and renal function in both groups of
      patients.

PMID- 158871
TI  - The inflammatory response to anaphylaxis and intravenous antibody or antigen.

PMID- 158872
TI  - [Hypertensive lesions of pulmonary arteries in chronic inflammatory lung diseases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 150 cases of chronic inflammatory lung diseases of unknown aetiology and assumed
      hyperergic (immuno-reactive) pathogenesis were examined for hypertensive
      pulmonary arterial lesions and for chronic cor pulmonale. Hypertensive lesions of
      the small pulmonary arteries were found in more than half of the cases with
      chronic disorders of long duration, but were inconspicuous in diseases of acute
      progressive character. Hypertensive lesions were found regularly in chronic
      interstitial pneumonia, frequently in scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis and
      occasionally in dermatomyositis and disseminated lupus erythematosus. Chronic Cor
      pulmonale occurred in 16% of the cases with hypertensive arterial lesions of
      grade I (hypertrophy of media) and in 50% of grade II/III (hypertrophy of media
      and intimal fibrosis). Interstitial lung fibrosis plays an important role in the
      pathogenesis of cor pulmonale: two thirds of the cases with interstitial lung
      fibrosis had developed cor pulmonale and all the cases with cor pulmonale also
      had interstitial lung fibrosis. Hypertensive arterial lesions of grade IV-VI
      according to Heath and Edwards (angiitis, plexogenic and angiomatoid lesions)
      have been described in severe cases of pulmonary hypertension (congenital cardiac
      shunts, primary pulmonary hypertension). In secondary forms of pulmonary
      hypertension, as represented by our material, these changes are of little
      importance.

PMID- 158873
TI  - Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the thyroid. A clinico-pathological review of 29 cases
      applying the Lukes-Collins classification and an immunoperoxidase method.

PMID- 158874
TI  - Fasciola hepatica human infection. Histopathological study of sixteen cases.
AB  - Sixteen human cases of Fasciola hepatica infection are described. The liver was
      involved in 13 cases, the gall bladder in 9 cases and the stomach in 2 cases.
      Lesions containing parasitic remnants or fluke eggs were rarely seen. Surface
      scarring of the liver, scar tracks and granulomas within organs were the most
      characteristic changes seen and were the most useful for the histopathological
      diagnosis of the disease. The associated liver, bile and gastric lesions are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 158875
TI  - Endocrine-amphicrine enteric carcinoma of the nasal mucosa.
AB  - A 39-year-old bus driver had been suffering for 2 years from a malignant polypoid
      mucosal proliferation of the upper nasal concha-ethmoid region, resembling a
      highly differentiated, villous-glandular adenocarcinoma of enteric type. There
      were numerous mono- and amphicrine cells and a massive quantity of oxyphilic,
      frequently Paneth-like goblet cells in the tumor. Immune-histochemically, a
      number of gastrin- and fewer glucagon-positive cells were identified. The
      somatostatin level in the serum was clearly increased. Electron-microscopically,
      7 different endocrine cell types were identifiable, in order of decreasing
      frequency: A-like- and G-cells, both types of 5-HT-cells, A-cells, EG- and K-cell
      like elements. Particularly impressive were the muco-argyrophilic amphicrine
      cells, containing A-granules. The unusual enteric character of the carcinoma
      seems to result from boundary movements and tissue displacements in an ecto
      entodermal embryonic border region. There was no history of occupational wood
      dust inhalation.

PMID- 158876
TI  - Modifications in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and subcellular calcium distribution
      in skeletal muscle in a case of Westphal's disease (hypokalemic periodic
      paralysis).
AB  - In a case of hypokalemic periodic paralysis with characteristic alterations of
      the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the skeletal muscle, subcellular calcium re
      partition, as revealed with the pyroantimonate technique, appears disturbed
      during paralysis. Pyroantimonate precipitates, normally concentrated in the
      terminal cisternae of the SR, were localized in the T tubules, whereas the
      terminal cisternae appeared empty. The increase (about 14%) in muscular calcium
      during paralysis may result from the accumulation of calcium in the extracellular
      compartment (T tubules). Defects in calcium uptake and storage by the SR may be
      involved in the pathogenesis of the periodic paralysis syndrome.

PMID- 158877
TI  - Aberrant coronary artery in association with a quadricuspid pulmonary valve.
AB  - A case of quadricuspid pulmonary valve with an accessory coronary artery in an 82
      year old woman is reported. This represents persistance of an early embryonic
      stage of development of the coronary circulation.

PMID- 158879
TI  - [Late results of treating children with bronchial asthma at Kislovodsk health
      resort].

PMID- 158878
TI  - [Climatotherapy of chronic nonspecific lung diseases in children].

PMID- 158880
TI  - [Effect of peloid therapy on the state of cellular immunity in children with
      chronic tonsillitis].

PMID- 158881
TI  - [Effectiveness of Zhosaly mineral water in the overall treatment of children with
      chronic biliary tract diseases].

PMID- 158882
TI  - [Effect of health resort treatment on humoral immunity indices in rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 158883
TI  - [Effect of platinum and palladium compounds on mitochondrial enzymatic systems].
AB  - Effect of platinum and palladium complexes on respiration and ATPase activity in
      bovine heart tissue as well as on respiration of submitochondrial particles was
      studied. The highest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the complexes of
      platinum and palladium with pi-ligands in internal coorhdinational sphere such as
      ethylene-C H4, norbornadiene-C7H8 and allyl-C3H5. The electron density at the
      central atom of the complex was not responsible for the inhibitory affect of
      platinum and palladium on mitochondria.

PMID- 158884
TI  - [In memoriam Konstantin Vladimirovich Chachava].

PMID- 158885
TI  - Circulating suppressor cells in aplastic anemia.
AB  - In vitro proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells was
      studied in a patient with aplastic anemia. Prior to therapy his peripheral blood
      contained a very low number of myeloid progenitors but a normal number of cells
      forming lymphoid colonies. Moreover, peripheral blood lymphocytes of this patient
      were able to suppress in vitro formation of myeloid colonies but not lymphoid
      colonies. This suppression effect was found to be sensitive to prednisolone and
      antithymocytic globulin. Following treatment with prednisolone, during which an
      apparent hematological recovery was observed, the level of lymphoid progenitors
      fell, but myeloid committed cells returned to normal and hematopoietic
      suppression was no longer detectable. These results indicate that cells
      suppressing hematopoiesis may circulate in the peripheral blood of some patients
      with aplastic anemia and the detection and testing of suceptibility of these
      cells to immunosuppressive drugs may be helpful in monitoring treatment and
      prognosis.

PMID- 158886
TI  - [Respiratory organ diseases under the working conditions at a flax combine].

PMID- 158887
TI  - [Electrocardiographic changes in idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 158888
TI  - [The value of different investigation procedures in arterial hypertension
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 221 patients with arterial hypertension were investigated as outpatients. 198
      patients were found to have primary and 23 patients to have secondary
      hypertension. The results of urinary analysis were pathological in 25% of
      patients and renal function tests were abnormal in 20% of cases. Significant
      bacteriuria was recorded in 19% of urinary cultures. Intravenous pyelography
      showed true pathological findings in 12% of cases, false positive findings in 7%
      and false negative findings in 5%. Isotopic nephrograms showed true positive
      findings in 52%, false negative in 3% and 45% showed normal results. In 53% of
      patients angiography of the kidneys showed normal results, whilst this
      investigation proved pathological in 44% of cases and gave false negative results
      in 3% of patients. An additional search for coronary heart disease risk factors
      revealed that 73% of these hypertensive patients were overweight, 47% had
      hyperlipidaemia, 33% suffered from diabetes mellitus and nicotine abuse was
      present in 21% of cases. A relevant yet inexpensive screening programme for the
      investigation of hypertension is formulated on the basis of the results of this
      investigation.

PMID- 158889
TI  - [Tussometry. II. Tussometry for the monitoring of drug effects].

PMID- 158890
TI  - [Value of early diagnosis of hypertension and directions for a diagnostic
      program].

PMID- 158891
TI  - [International year of the handicapped 1981].

PMID- 158892
TI  - [Belgian social rehabilitation plan for the handicapped].

PMID- 158893
TI  - A viscosity model of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - In current theories of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the idea prevails that
      molecular sieving relies on different accessibility of volume fractions and of
      cross-sectional area fractions (denoted "pores") to different-sized ions due to
      the effect of "geometric exclusion". This correlates with the assumption that all
      elements of a polyacrylamide network occupy fixed and unchangeable positions thus
      forcing colliding macro-ions to diffuse laterally in order to find an "accessible
      pore" and to resume motion in direction of the electrical field. However, the
      alternative conception would be equally well justified, i.e. the assumption that
      polyacrylamide chains represent smooth obstacles cleared aside under the
      electrokinetic pressure of a macro-ion. This explanation would even be preferable
      with respect to the molecular sieving effects occurring in solutions of "liquid
      polyacrylamide". Yet no theory exists as to describe such effects in quantitative
      terms. In the present article, a parameter is defined and discussed, which can be
      estimated by experiment, and which seems to be apt to characterize local
      resistivity of polymer structures against dislocation and deformation: the
      "fractional specific resistance". Definition of this parameter is based on the
      model of a "viscosity-emulsion" composed of two interpenetrating liquid
      compartments which are characterized by different levels of hydrodynamic friction
      and the spatial dimensions of which are inferred from Ogston's theory. This
      concept of "localized viscosity" may also serve as a link between theories of
      molecular sieving and of "macroscopic viscosity" of flexible polymers. The data
      of Morris, formerly taken as verifications of the "rigid-pore" concept, are now
      interpreted in terms of four factors responsible for sizediscrimination:
      collision frequency, duration of single contacts, size-dependent frictional
      force, and the extent of cooperation among fibres, due to crosslinking and to
      simultanous contacts of several fibres to a single macro-ion. Some functions
      relevant for problems of molecular weight determination by gel electrophoresis
      are discussed in relation to the suggested model.

PMID- 158894
TI  - Inhibition of the nitrate reductase complex by dibromothymoquinone.
AB  - The plastoquinone antagonist 2,5-dibromothymoquinone was found to inhibit NO-3
      reduction from NADH by the nitrate reductase complex from wheat. It accepts
      electrons from NADH through the NADH dehydrogenase activity of the nitrate
      reductase. However, it does not inhibit the reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenol
      indophenol by the enzyme. This suggests that the two compounds may be accepting
      electrons at different places from the enzyme. Further it was observed that
      reduced DCIP could be oxidized by DBMIB in the absence of NADH indicating that
      the electron flow in the nitrate reductase complex may take place in a
      unidirectional way.

PMID- 158895
TI  - Purification and characterization of a 3,17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      from Streptomyces hydrogenans.

PMID- 158896
TI  - 5-Methyltryptophan resistant cells of Catharanthus roseus.
AB  - Several cell lines resistant to 5-methyltryptophan were selected from wild type
      cells of different Catharanthus roseus suspension cultures. The resistant cells
      had up to 30 times the normal levels of free tryptophan. Despite the increased
      pool size of tryptophan anthranilate synthetase activity of resistant cells was
      as sensitive to inhibition by L-tryptophan as wild type cells. The overproduction
      of tryptophan did not lead to intensified accumulation of tryptamine nor of
      indole alkaloids. This was supported by a low conversion of tryptophan to
      tryptamine in vivo and in vitro. The overproduction of one of the primary
      precursors was evidently not sufficient to stimulate the rate of indole alkaloid
      synthesis in Catharanthus cells.

PMID- 158897
TI  - Complex influence of cytochalasin B on actin polymerization.
AB  - In the presence of very low concentrations (about 2X10(-7) M) of cytochalasin B
      (CB) the time course of actin polymerization is much more sigmoidal when followed
      by viscosity measurements than when followed by light scattering measurements.
      This suggests that under these conditions actin polymers do not immediately reach
      their final length but only via short "bent" polymers which can be detected only
      by light scattering but not by viscosity measurements. At higher CB
      concentrations (about equimolar to those of actin) CB reduces the average degree
      of polymerization and favors the nucleation step necessary for polymerization.

PMID- 158898
TI  - [Distribution and enzymic hypermethylation of inverted DNA repeats in different
      murine and human cells (author's transl)].
AB  - A specific class of DNA sequences, the inverted repetitive sequences, forms a
      double-stranded structure within a single linear polynucleotide chain in
      denatured DNA. The reassociation process is unimolecular and occurs very fast.
      Quantitative analyses have shown that these sequences comprise about 4--5% of the
      nuclear DNA of various mammalian cells (P815 mouse mastocytoma, Hela, L cells,
      Raji and Chang cells, and human embryonic hepatocytes) and are interspersed
      within sequences of other degrees of repetitiveness. After labeling the cells
      with L-[Methyl-3H]methionine and [14C]deoxycytidine, relative rates of enzymic
      DNA methylation were computed on the basis of 3H and 14C radioactivities found in
      pyrimidine residues of the nuclear DNA. The results indicate that DNA of inverted
      repetitive sequences is methylated to a level about 50% higher than the ordinary
      repetitive sequences and to about 300% higher than the unique and intermediary
      sequences. The biological function of the inverted repeats as well as the role of
      their enzymic hypermethylation is unknown.

PMID- 158899
TI  - [gamma-Irradiated ribosomes from Micrococcus radiodurans in a cell-free protein
      synthesizing system (author's transl)].
AB  - gamma-irradiation inactivation of isolated ribosomes of Micrococcus radiodurans
      was studied by examining poly U directed synthesis of polyphenylalanine.
      Ribosomes of M. radiodurans did not show significant gamma-radiation sensitivity
      up to a dose of approx. 11.6 k Gy. Cells of M. radiodurans take up more magnesium
      than E. coli cells unter the same conditions. The magnesium content of ribosomes
      of M. radiodurans was 18% higher than that of E. coli ribosomes. A possible
      relation between Mg2+-content and gamma-resistance is discussed.

PMID- 158900
TI  - [Biological effects of electromagnetic fields (author's transl)].
AB  - This resume deals with thermal and nonthermal effects of electromagnetic fields
      on man. In consideration of two aspects a limitation is necessary. Firstly, there
      will be discussed only direct and immediate influences on biological cells and
      tissues, secondly, the treatment is limited to such phenomena, for which
      biophysical aproximations, based on experimental data, could be developed.
      Hazards for the human being may occur only by thermal effects within the
      microwave range. Regarding frequencies below approximately 30 kHz, excitation
      processes cannot be excluded in exceptional cases. Thermal effects are
      predominant, between 30 kHz and 100 kHz, before excitations can appear.
      Furthermore, by comparing the electrically and magnetically induced currents with
      the naturally flowing currents in man caused by the brain's and heart's
      electrical activity, a "lower boundaryline" was estimated. Regarding electric or
      magnetic field strengths undercutting this boundary-line, direct effects on the
      central nervous system may be excluded; other mechanisms should be responsible
      for demonstrated biological effects. The paper closes referring to some reports-
      presently discussed--on experimental findings of biological effects, which are
      observed as a result of the influence of electromagnetic fields of small field
      strengths.

PMID- 158901
TI  - Algal ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase with different molecular-weight forms.
AB  - Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase from the microalga Bumilleriopsis was isolated by a
      combination of affinity chromatography on a flavodoxin-Sepharose 4 B column and
      usual purification procedures. Both the elution pattern of the final gel
      filtration step and of the sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) disc gel electrophoresis
      indicate that there are at least two different molecular-weight forms of the
      reductase, a monomeric form and a dimeric one.

PMID- 158902
TI  - A deterministic model for measles.
AB  - A deterministic model of recurrent epidemics is constructed using a non linear
      relationship between infection rate and number of contacts. Epidemic waves which
      are not damped are predicted and a relationship between community size and the
      period of recurrence is established. A possible explanation of measles outbreaks
      is suggested.

PMID- 158903
TI  - [All-or-none behaviour and bistability in a simple cell model with autocatalysis
      of type A+2B = 3B (author's transl)].
AB  - Nonlinear kinetics in a chemical cell model involving only one substrate (A) and
      one product (B), two reactions (A yields B and A + 2B yields OB), and passive
      diffusion of A and B through the cell wall, can exhibit complex behaviour
      including oscillations, bistability (switching) and spiking. One such system is
      presented, which shows three kinds of response as depending on the quantity of a
      stimulus--a sudden imput of product B: i. no response; ii, spiking; iii,
      switching into an alternative steady state--i.e. an "all-or flip-or-none"
      response.

PMID- 158904
TI  - Phenylethylamine as a biochemical marker of tiger.
AB  - Pheromones of the tiger happen to be a mixture of amines which are "fixed" by
      lipids. One of these, found always in all the four tigers investigated, is
      phenylethylamine. This may be a biochemical marker at a species level.

PMID- 158905
TI  - [Experience in using new protective pastes and detergents by workers of the
      machinery building industry].

PMID- 158906
TI  - [Skin disease morbidity characteristics among workers in the aniline dye
      industry].

PMID- 158907
TI  - [Effect of a decrease in brain noradrenaline and serotonin levels on defensive
      and food-getting conditioned reflexes in rats].
AB  - The influence of pharmacological and surgical interferences in the activity of
      serotoninergic and catecholaminergic brain systems on elaboration and
      consolidation of conditioned reflexes was studied in rats. Ablation of the locus
      coeruleus, nucleus raphe and administration of inhibitors of monoamines synthesis
      reduced noradrenaline and serotonin (5-OT) content in rat's brain. Ablation of
      the locus coeruleus and disulphiram administration impaired mainly the
      elaboration of defensive and alimentary conditioned reflexes. Ablation of the
      nucleus raphe and parachlorphenilalanin administration affected predominantly the
      retention of the reflexes. At the same time, the effects of surgical and
      pharmacological interferences differed in some respects

PMID- 158909
TI  - [The systemic circulation and microcirculation of the periodontium vital
      microscopy and histological studies of incisors of rats (author's transl)].
AB  - A new classification of the angioarchitecture and blood flow is proposed in light
      of the results of vital microscopy studies of the windowed periodontium and
      gingiva of the incisors of rats. The flow pattern and the rate of blood flow are
      different in different vessels. The flow of blood in segmented and interconnected
      arterial and venous vascular sections in the alveolar and marginal periodontium
      corresponds to what is known as systemic circulation, whereas that in arterioles,
      capillaries, and venoles must be considered as belonging to what is referred to
      as microcirculation. Subepithelially, the microcirculatory elements constitute a
      nutritive, typically ordered capillary network as contrasted with the random
      spatial arrangement of capillary loops in the alveolar periodontium. Numerous
      anastomoses provide the basis for possible functional adaptation, leading to the
      formation of polygonal ring closures in the alveolar region. The interpretations
      of functional findings are based upon histotopological reexaminations.

PMID- 158908
TI  - [Development of gingival inflammations in schoolchildren instructed in proper
      oral hygiene in a seven-year longitudinal study conducted under clinically
      controlled conditions and as part of the Preventive Stomatology research project
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Instruction of six- and seven-year-old children (N = 1167) at the beginning of
      this longitudinal study was given by a stomatological nurse at weekly intervals
      and, later, at fortnightly and monthly intervals, respectively. Compared with a
      group of untreated controls were not only those children who were instructed in
      proper oral hygiene but children receiving additional doses of amine fluorides as
      well. During the seven-year period of observation there was noted a distinct
      improvement in oral hygiene (OHI) as well as a reduction of gingival
      inflammations (PM index). Whereas additional administration of amine fluorides
      had no appreciable effect upon both oral hygiene and the condition of health of
      the gingiva there was a direct relation to the frequency of instructions in oral
      hygiene at school.

PMID- 158910
TI  - [The effect of aging upon the size of cell nuclei of the spinous layer in the
      bony palate and cheek of man (author's transl)].
AB  - The volumes of the cell nuclei of the spinous layer of the human oral mucosa show
      considerable variations in dependence upon both the process of aging and the
      cellular metabolism. The differences in the mean volumes of cell nuclei are
      fairly large for the bony palate as well as the cheek, and statistical evidence
      has been obtained for these. Stomatologically, this investigation may be regarded
      as having broken new ground and will add to our understanding of the aging of
      human organs of mastication.

PMID- 158911
TI  - [On the clinical aspects and ultrastructure of bullous pemphigoid (parapemphigus)
      of the oral mucous membrane (author's transl)].
AB  - Bullous changes in the oral mucosa are often the first signs of a general
      dermatological disease. Successful diagnosis of such diseases is largely
      dependent upon the use of complex laboratory methods. Clinical and
      ultrastructural changes are described and discussed with particular reference to
      a case of parapemphigus. Atypical intracellular vacuolation and marked
      acantholysis observed in electron micrographs is interpreted as a secondary
      phenomenon of direct blistering.

PMID- 158912
TI  - [Experiences obtained with the use of schulte's diagnostic program in
      myoarthropathies (author's transl)].
AB  - Using Schulte's diagnostic and therapeutic system of treating the pain
      dysfunction syndrome, 165 patients were included in a program of myogymnastic
      self-treatment. The results obtained on reexamination of 96 patients confirmed
      the correlations observed by Schulte between the principal symptoms (painful side
      and lateral deviation of the lower jaw) and numerous causal factors. The
      diagnostic schemes used to search for causal factors may thus be regarded as
      having proved successful. They allow functional temporomandibular complaints to
      be classed in groups of diseases by taking into account the principal symptoms
      alone, namely, painful side and deviation of the lower jaw upon opening the
      mouth.

PMID- 158913
TI  - [Method of measuring soft part pressures in the oral cavity (author's transl)].
AB  - For measuring static and dynamic soft part pressures within the oral cavity, it
      is necessary to use specialized transducers and a suitable measuring method. The
      design of strain gage type pressure measuring probes is descirbed and problems of
      calibration and elimination of measurement errors are discussed.

PMID- 158914
TI  - [On the determination of Gm(1) in hard dental tissue (author's transl)].
AB  - Tests for the presence of Gm(1) substance were made on a total of 104 human
      teeth. In about 90 percent of the cases examined, it was possible to observe
      agreement between the serum and the Gm(1) substance. Lack of eluted dental
      material and a high degree of affection with caries were found to have adverse
      effects upon Gm(1) typification. Detection of the Gm(1) substance is another
      important characteristic in forensic identification.

PMID- 158915
TI  - [Skin cleansing from a hygienic and dermatologic viewpoint].

PMID- 158916
TI  - [Nickel allergy among beauticians].

PMID- 158917
TI  - [Importance of laparoscopy to postoperative treatment of ovarian carcinoma
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Indications in favour of peritoneoscopy in postoperative after-treatment of
      ovarian carcinomas are proposed on the basis of the authors' own experience.
      Postoperative laparoscopy in combination with peritoneal cytology and histology
      appears to be justified in support of differentiated postoperative therapy, since
      it enables modification of empirical and rigid decions for high-continuity after
      treatment of ovarian carcinomas.

PMID- 158918
TI  - [Thyroid "index" of the thyroid gland in the postnatal ontogeny of 3 inhabited
      geographical areas of the Armenian SSR].

PMID- 158919
TI  - [HBsAg study of patients in psychiatric and tuberculosis hospitals].

PMID- 158920
TI  - [Histamine, serotonin and neuraminic acid metabolism in workers in the copper and
      molybdenum industry].

PMID- 158921
TI  - [Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from rodents in Krasnodar Territory].

PMID- 158922
TI  - [Outstanding Soviet infectionist Georgii Pavlovich Rudnev (on the 80th
      anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 158923
TI  - [Incidence of neurologic diseases in children].
AB  - Data concerning the distribution and the nosological structure of nervous
      diseases in children aged from one month to 14 years in the town of N. (76
      thousand inhabitants, 16,716 children) are presented. Peculiarities of the
      dynamics of the disease entities with reference to the age, as well as the
      influence of the sex on the disease entity are shown. Ranging of the distribution
      data has made it possible to fix the principal rank places for individual disease
      entities. The data obtained served as basis for calculating the requirements for
      neurological beds in children's hospitals and other specialized medical
      institutions for children.

PMID- 158924
TI  - [Health resort treatment of children with progressive muscular dystrophy].
AB  - The results of a complex treatment at health resorts of 126 children with
      Duchenne myopathy and 84 children with spinal amyotrophies at the age of 5-15
      years are given. The complexes included carbon-dioxide sulfurated hydrogen baths,
      mud application (with different localization depending on a form of the disease),
      fresh baths, oxygenotherapy and therapeutic physical training. The authors
      revealed good tolerance to procedures and the positive dynamics of the main
      clinical manifestations of the disease, confirmed by the electrophysiological and
      biochemical studies. As a result of the treatment it was possible to achieve
      progressiveness of the disease in all patients at different periods (from 1 month
      to 1 year). The authors give recommendations for the use of treatment at health
      resorts as a necessary link in the general chain of rehabilitative measures for
      children with various forms of progressive muscular dystrophies.

PMID- 158925
TI  - [Health resort treatment of preschool children with cerebral palsy].
AB  - In the Pyatigorsk resort, 226 children from 3-7 years of age with different forms
      of cerebral paralysis were studied. For therapeutic purposes, besides general
      health improvement measures, remedial gymnastic and massage, such resort factors
      as carbon dioxide and sulfurated hydrogen and radon baths of different
      concentrations and mud procedures were used. As a result of such studies, some
      indications for referrals of preschool children with cerebral paralysis to
      balneomud resorts were outlined. Differentiated complexes of resort treatment,
      depending upon the form and severity of clinical sings were elaborated, as well
      as the possibility of resort therapy in children with cerebral paralysis,
      complicated by the intracranial hypertensive syndrome.

PMID- 158926
TI  - [Antibodies to thymocytes in the serum of Down's syndrome patients].

PMID- 158928
TI  - [Aleksandr Konstantinovich Streliukhin].

PMID- 158927
TI  - [Immunoglobulin and lysozyme concentration in the serum of patients with Down's
      syndrome].
AB  - A study of the immunoglobulin level in the 3 main classes (IgG, IgM and IgA) and
      lysozymes in the blood serum of 73 patients with Down's disease (from 5 to 20
      years of age) showed an increase of IgG in the younger age (up to 7 years) and
      older groups (over 7 years). The content of IgM was significantly lower in the
      younger group and did not differ from the control indices in the older group. The
      level of IgA corresponded to normal indices. The studies demonstrated a marked
      drop in the lysozyme content. The role of the abnormal system of humoral immunity
      and reactions of nonspecific defense in the formation of predisposition to the
      development of infectious diseases in this form of pathology is discussed.

PMID- 158929
TI  - [Creative career of Professor M. P. Nikitin (on the 100th anniversary of his
      birth)].

PMID- 158930
TI  - Skin necrosis between parallel abdominal incisions.
AB  - Four cases of skin necrosis between vertical abdominal incisions are presented.
      Even though many years may elapse between the abdominal operations, necrosis of
      the skin as well as of the underlying fascia may develop between new and old
      vertical incisions parallel with each other. Such necrosis probably takes place
      particularly in patients with impaired peripheral circulation.

PMID- 158931
TI  - Use of a new laser Doppler flowmeter for measurement of capillary blood flow in
      skeletal muscle after bullet wounding.
AB  - A new instrument for measurement of regional muscle blood flow based on the laser
      Doppler principle is described. The method has been used to determine blood flow
      in skeletal muscle of pigs after bullet wounding. This new method constitutes a
      promising technique for non-invasive blood flow measurements in superficial
      layers of skin and muscle.

PMID- 158932
TI  - [The use of N,N'-diethylpseudoisocyaninchloride for the polarization optical
      detection of polyanions in the histological section (author's transl)].
AB  - In the paper a technique of the polarization optical qualitative and quantitative
      detection of polyanions with N,N'-diethylpseudoisocyaninchloride in the
      histological section is described. It is possible to prevent depolymerisation
      after precipitation with potassium ferricyanide and to intensify the
      birefringence of the histological structures. In vitro attempts and measurements
      of the dispersion of the double refraction and of the dichroism indicate
      connections between the optical appearances, furthermore it is possible to make
      statements about the mechanism of the arrangement of the tissue-dye-ferricyanide
      complex.

PMID- 158933
TI  - [Cellular immune reactivity in patients with multiple myeloma].
AB  - The ConA-, PHA- and PWM-induced lymphocyte transformation rates were
      significantly decreased in 19 patients with multiple myeloma. Lymphocyte-inherent
      defects rather than serum factors seem to account for this decreased lymphocyte
      reactivity. In 58% of the patients a pathologically increased ConA-induced
      suppressor cell activity, which was negatively correlated with the non
      paraprotein IgM-concentration, was found.

PMID- 158934
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid protein findings in various lower back pain syndromes.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total protein, albumin and IgG concentrations were
      measured in 53 patients with lower back pain syndromes. In the majority of the
      patients (81 %) the protein values were within normal ranges, a finding contrary
      to previous studies. In six of 28 patients with acute lumbar disc prolapse and in
      two of four cases with spinal stenosis, a clearly abnormal protein pattern was
      observed, while patients who had been earlier operated on for disc prolapse
      showed normal values. The calculated permeability indexes suggest that the
      elevation of various proteins is linked with increased permeability across the
      blood-brain barrier and that the local immunoglobulin synthesis in CNS is
      lacking. In only one of the cases with an abnormal CSF protein pattern could no
      evidence of the cause of the pathological finding be observed in subsequent
      examinations.

PMID- 158935
TI  - Posterior fusion of the lumbosacral spine. Evaluation of the operative results
      and the factors influencing them.
AB  - The operative results of 79 patients subjected to posterior fusion of the
      lumbosacral spine were evaluated on the basis of a follow-up examination
      performed on average 5.4 years after operation. A method of evaluation was
      developed which measured the patients' subjective improvement and working
      capacity. The method proved appropriate for clinical use and gave a more correct
      picture of the operative result than methods relying on the patients' own opinion
      or the radiographic assessment as the only criterion. Sixty per cent of the
      patients were subjectively improved, 40 per cent had returned to their previous
      or a corresponding occupation and 24 per cent had a good operative result,
      assessed by the method applied. A statistical analysis was performed in order to
      find the factors influencing the operative results. Age over 40 years, heavy or
      moderately heavy preoperative work and over 6 months' preoperative disability had
      a statistically significant, unfavourable effect on the results. In the case of
      labourers in heavy occupations, working capacity was seldom restored to a degree
      sufficient for return to their previous work. The operative technique proved
      reliable with 91 per cent successful fusions, assessed from functional
      radiographs. Successful fusion did not imply a good operative result, although it
      did so more often than non-fusion. On the basis of this study, operative fusion
      of the lumbosacral spine seems to be of relatively little value in the treatment
      of patients suffering from low back pain, and factors other than purely medical
      or surgical have a considerable influence on the operative results.

PMID- 158936
TI  - The state of health of Swedish children.
AB  - An attempt is made briefly to describe the present health problems of Swedish
      children. The report is based on data available in official statistics or
      collected from special studies. It is concluded that the general state of health
      of Swedish children is good when assessed by commonly used criteria. The
      mortality pattern is dominated by perinatal and accidental deaths, but also
      neoplasms are of importance. There are indications that genetic and handicapping
      disorders, and psychosocial maladjustment will receive more attention in the
      future.

PMID- 158937
TI  - Socio-economic status of the family and health problems in the preschool child.
      Lack of correlation in a Swedish sample.
AB  - Recent reports from countries with a highly developed economic status point out
      the association of well-being of children with socio-economic factors. The aim of
      the present investigation was to examine the extent to which health problems,
      i.e. functional impairments, diseases and handicaps, in 4-year-old children are
      related to socio-economic factors. The analysis was based on data from 7 173
      children who had undergone the routine general health screening of 4-year-olds in
      the county of Uppsala. In the statistical analysis the main emphasis was laid on
      an explanation of the variance on the individual plane. The results showed that
      the correlations between health problems and socio-economic factors in general
      were weak or non-existent. An explanation of the lack of correlation in our
      sample might be that Sweden had succeeded in largely eliminating the health
      problems associated with external living conditions of the family. If differences
      between population groups do exist--and in the light of findings from other
      investigations it seems highly probable that they do--then these differences are
      probably to be sought in families' way of functioning, in the internal and
      external pattern of communication, in the general emotional climate and in the
      degree of social integration in the society.

PMID- 158938
TI  - Enzyme histochemistry of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Fifty-two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied with enzyme histochemical
      methods. Forty-four cases of these were also investigated for surface markers
      with immunological techniques, and results of histochemical, routine histological
      and immunological observations were correlated. Twenty-one of 27 B-cell lymphomas
      showed prominent ATPase activity, while all 13 T-cell lymphomas, except one case,
      did not show such activity. Nodular lymphomas, though of B-cell nature, were
      often negative for ATPase and it remained negative after diffuse evolution in
      some. Four of 7 A1Pase positive lymphomas were of B-cell origin. Dot-like
      localized AcPase and beta-glucuronidase activity characterized T-cell lymphomas
      while 5 T-cell PDL, including lymphoblastic type with double markers, showed
      localized esterase activity. Enzyme histochemical characteristics of lymphomas
      were fairly honest reflection of those of various functional units in the normal
      lymph nodes. Enzyme histochemical methods appeared to be a useful tool for the
      study of lymphomas.

PMID- 158939
TI  - Cytological events in allo-stimulated lymphocytes triggered by exposure to
      stimulatory alloantigens. III. Changes in the areal density of cytoplasmic
      vacuoles containing endocytized Thorotrast.
AB  - H-2b lymphocytes were sensitized against H-2d alloantigens by a lymphocyte
      culture reaction (MLR) and incubated with H-2d mastocytoma cells. Thirty minutes
      before incubation with the mastocytoma cells Thorotrast was added to the
      lymphocyte culture medium. The interaction between lymphoid cells and mastocytoma
      cells was stopped by fixation with glutaraldehyde. The areal densities of the
      cytoplasmic vacuoles were examined by electron microscopy. Two populations of
      lymphocytes were observed, small lymphocytes with heterochromatic nuclei and
      larger lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) with euchromatic nuclei. Only the lymphoblasts
      showed changes following interaction with target cells. The areal density of
      Thorotrast containing vacuoles in sensitized lymphoblasts increased during the
      three hour observation period, but the percentage of vacuoles containing
      Thorotrast in the total area of cytoplasmic vacuoles decreased in the first
      thirty minutes of interaction with target cells. This observation may indicate
      greater formation of vacuoles from the Golgi apparatus compared with the
      formation of vacuoles from the cytoplasmic membrane at the onset of interaction
      with target cells. In the multivesicular bodies (MVB) the Thorotrast was first
      observed inside the small vesicles and later on it was also observed in the
      matrix of the MVB. After three hours of interaction Thorotrast was observed
      laying "free" in the matrix of phagosomes along with myelin figures.

PMID- 158940
TI  - Studies on sulphomucopolysaccharides and ATP in adrenergic neurons.

PMID- 158941
TI  - Renal cortical blood flow distribution measured by hydrogen clearance during
      dopamine and acetylcholine infusion. Effect of electrode thickness and position
      in cortex.
AB  - Blood flow distribution in the renal cortex was investigated in control and
      during i.a. infusion of dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (Ach) in dogs. Local
      blood flow in outer cortex (OCF) and in inner cortex (ICF) was measured by
      platinum electrodes detecting hydrogen washout rate in tissue. Mean cortical
      blood flow measured by hydrogen washout rate in the renal vein (CFV) was compared
      with renal arterial blood flow (RAF) measured by electromagnetic flowmeter. With
      electrodes of 0.05-0.2 mm diameter control blood flow rates in outer and inner
      cortex were 4.57 +/- (S.D.) 1.73 ml/min.g, and 4.35 +/- 0.57 ml/min.g, which is
      higher than found using 0.2-0.5 mm electrodes in this and previous studies. OCF
      and ICF increased proportionally during intraarterial infusion of DA or Ach. The
      increase in local blood flow per unit volume was about 20% less than the increase
      in RAF, most likely due to an increase in renal volume and a reduced vasodilatory
      response in the surrounding of some electrodes. CFV rose almost to the same
      degree as RAF, showing a diffusion equilibrium for hydrogen gas even at maximal
      flow rate. During vasoconstriction induced by high doses of DA, OCF and ICF fell
      proportionately. Thus, equal vascular responses in outer and inner cortex were
      observed during both vasodilator and vasoconstrictor infusion. This indicates
      that changes in sodium excretion with renal blood flow may not be associated with
      a redistribution of cortical peritubular blood flow.

PMID- 158942
TI  - RNA synthesis in permeable mouse ascites sarcoma cells.
AB  - A permeable cell system for studying RNA synthesis was established. Mouse ascites
      sarcoma cells were made permeable to nucleoside triphosphates and alpha-amanitin
      by treating with a hypotonic buffer. Separate determinations of endogenous RNA
      polymerase I, II and III activities in permeable cells were conducted using the
      different sensitivities of these enzymes to alpha-amanitin. The endogenous
      activity of RNA polymerase II under optimal conditions was one tenth of total RNA
      synthetic activity in isolated nuclei, and one third of that in permeable cells.
      The extremely low ratio of RNA polymerase II activity to total RNA synthetic
      activity in isolated nuclei was thought to be caused by increase of RNA
      polymerase I activity and decrease of RNA polymerase II activity. These and other
      results suggested that RNA synthesis in permeable cells reflects more precisely
      the in vivo state of RNA synthesis than thatin isolated nuclei. The permeable
      cell system will provide a useful method for studying the separate activities of
      RNA polymerases I, II and III in situ.

PMID- 158943
TI  - Effects of some polyamines, polyanions and antitumor drugs on replicative DNA
      synthesis and unscheduled DNA synthesis in vitro.
AB  - The effects of various compounds on replicative DNA synthesis in permeable mouse
      ascites sarcoma cells and on unscheduled DNA synthesis in permeable cells or in
      isolated rat liver nuclei were studied. Polyamines such as spermidine, putrescine
      and cadaverine inhibited replicative DNA synthesis. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was
      inhibited by spermidine and cadaverine, but slightly stimulated by putrescine at
      low concentrations. Aurintricarboxylic acid, a low molecular weight polyanion,
      inhibited both replicative DNA synthesis and unscheduled DNA synthesis.
      Replicative DNA synthesis was inhibited by heparin, a high molecular weight
      polyanion, whereas unscheduled DNA synthesis was stimulated at low heparin
      concentrations. Antitumor drugs such as daunomycin, neocarzinostatin and
      bleomycin inhibited replicative DNA synthesis. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was
      inhibited by daunomycin, slightly induced by neocarzinostatin and highly induced
      by bleomycin. The present system was thought to be useful for studying the
      separate effects of various drugs on either replicative DNA synthesis or
      unscheduled DNA synthesis in vitro.

PMID- 158944
TI  - Sequential radioimmunoassay of unconjugated and conjugated estrogen in male human
      plasma.
AB  - A sequential radioimmunoassay procedure for unconjugated and conjugated estrone,
      estradiol-17 beta and estriol in male human plasma was developed. The blank
      values in this assay for unconjugated estrone, estradiol-17 beta, estriol
      conjugated estrone, estradiol-17 beta and conjugated estriol were 0.36 +/- 1.14
      pg, 3.90 +/- 2.75 pg, 2.25 +/- 2.08 pg, 0.92 +/- 1.51 pg, 5.02 +/- 2.86 pg and
      3.12 +/- 2.97 pg, respectively. Mean values of unconjugated estrone, estradiol-17
      beta, estriol, conjugated estrone, estradiol-17 beta and conjugated estriol in
      plasma from 28 normal adult males were 38.4 +/- 13.4 pg/ml, 32.6 +/- 9.90 pg/ml,
      4.06 +/- 3.68 pg/ml, 34.2 +/- 13.8 pg/ml, 40.4 +/- 12.3 pg/ml and 31.8 +/- 7.41
      pg/ml, respectively. Both unconjugated and conjugated estrogen levels in patients
      with liver cirrhosis were elevated and conjugated estrogen, especially estriol
      levels, in patients with renal insufficiency were markedly elevated.

PMID- 158946
TI  - Characteristics of pressure sensing balloons made of various polymeric materials.
AB  - A variety of polymeric materials (polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene and
      polyvinylidine copolymer) have been evaluated for suitability in making of air
      filled balloon to detect intraluminal pressure. The polyurethanes, in particular
      ECD, proved to be most suitable because of the ease of fabrication, low
      permeability to air and high frequency characteristics. Polyvinylidine copolymer
      was adequate but suffered from difficulties in fabrication. Polypropylene and
      polyethylene, available in film, were troublesome in making balloon and displayed
      low frequency characteristics.

PMID- 158945
TI  - Partial purification and biological activities and properties of chick growth
      factors.
AB  - Cellular stimulating factors on cell proliferation in the supernatants of chick
      embryo carcases and adult muscles were studied. There were plural stimulating
      factors in embryonic and adult muscular supernatants that promoted cell
      proliferation without any supplement of sera and other materials. Salting-out
      methods with ammonium sulfate, ethanol fractionation, and isoelectric
      precipitation were used to isolate the stimulating factors, and these three
      methods proved the presence of plural stimulants on cell proliferation in the
      supernatants of chick embryo and adult muscles. The stimulants had altered
      physico-chemical properties and biological activities due to embryological
      development. The embryonic stimulants enhanced the synthesis of DNA and protein
      remarkably, and RNA synthesis in whole cell systems slightly. The muscular
      stimulants enhanced protein synthesis without any stimulation of DNA and RNA
      synthesis. Partial purification of the stimulants from the ethanol fractions was
      performed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Sephadex gel chromatography.

PMID- 158948
TI  - Heat stable cell growth inhibiting factor isolated from rat liver microsomes.
AB  - A heat stable cell growth inhibiting factor was isolated from rat liver
      microsomes by hot salt extraction, ethanol fractionation and the hot phenol
      method. The factor was contained in the RNA fraction (designated as mhRNA). mhRNA
      inhibited the growth of mouse fibroblast (L-929) cells at a relatively low
      concentration (55 microgram/ml of culture medium). The molecular weight of mhRNA
      was about 27,000 and the base composition was guanine and cytosine rich.

PMID- 158947
TI  - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity against allogeneic cultured cells in gynecologic
      malignancy.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with gynecologic cancer were tested by
      micro-cytotoxicity assay against two types of allogeneic cultured cancer cell
      lines: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Lymphocytes from cancer
      patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma were equally cytotoxic
      against these target cells. In addition, lymphocytes from healthy controls and
      myoma patients were also cytotoxic for these cell lines. No significant
      difference in cytotoxic activities was detected among the cancer patients and
      controls. However, a good correlation was observed between cytotoxic activity and
      non-specific lymphocyte responses. It was concluded that this assay sysetm is not
      suitable for measuring cell-mediated immunity against tumor specific antigens but
      does estimate non-specific resistance against cancer.

PMID- 158949
TI  - Determination of the disappearance rate of azathioprine from circulating rat
      blood by high-pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - A rapid and specific method of high-pressure liquid chromatography for
      determining 6-(1-methyl-4-nitro-5-imidazole) mercaptopurine (azathioprine) in the
      blood was developed using mu Bondapak C18 as adsorbent and 30% aquous methanol as
      eluent. Azathioprine was completely separated from related compounds in blood.
      The standard curve showed a linear relationship at least between 0.6 and 30
      micrograms per ml of serum. Recovery was satisfactory and the analytical time
      needed was less than 20 min. Disappearance rates of azathioprine from circulating
      blood in rats were 0.026 in probenecid-treated rats, and 0.103 in intact rats.

PMID- 158950
TI  - Fulminant hepatic failure during remission from leukemia: three cases associated
      with massive liver cell necrosis and hepatitis B virus.
AB  - Three patients at various stages of remission from leukemia died following the
      development of massive liver necrosis within only 4-6 days. All had either
      hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody in their sera, and two of them
      experienced severe epigastric pain before the onset of liver injury. Hepatitis B
      surface antigen appeared in two of these patients after remission from leukemia.
      Serum gamma-globulin levels increased with decreasing doses of prednisolone and
      other antileukemic drugs, and hepatic cell necrosis occurred extensively.
      Localization of hepatitis B surface antigen in their livers revealed a strong
      positive reaction in the phagocytic cells. These observations strongly suggest
      that hepatitis B virus may be causally related to the fulminant hepatic failure
      at least in two of the reported leukemic patients.

PMID- 158951
TI  - Bartter's syndrome--case report.
AB  - A 26-year-old female with Bartter's syndrome associated with Graves' disease is
      reported. This patient had a history of Graves' disease from the age of 22 and
      anti-thyroid drug (Methimazole) had been administered for 2 years. Thyroid
      function returned to normal but general fatigue and polyuria continued.
      Hypokalemia was diagnosed at 25 years of age and she was referred to our hospital
      for evaluation. Blood pressure was normal and laboratory data revealed normal
      thyroid function, hypokalemic alkalosis, high plasma renin activity and high
      plasma aldosterone concentration. She showed normal pressor sensitivity to
      norepinephrine infusion, grossly diminished pressor sensitivity to exogenous
      angiotensin II infusion compared with the normal. A renal biopsy specimen showed
      juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia. Electron microscopy confirmed lacis cell
      (agranular cell) proliferation.

PMID- 158952
TI  - A case of ectopic renin-secreting orbital hemangiopericytoma associated with
      juvenile hypertension and hypokalemia.
AB  - An unusual case of orbital tumor with high renin content and severe hypertension
      is described. The patient was a 15-year-old girl with juvenile hypertension (200
      140 mmHg) associated with right exophthalmos and hypokalemia. The patient showed
      extremely high levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone
      concentration. No difference was present in plasma renin activity from either
      side of the renal veins. Preoperatively, hypertension responded to treatment with
      spironolactone. The tumor could not be completely removed because of intracranial
      metastasis and infiltration, and the hyperreninemia and secondary
      hyperaldosteronism persisted. The renin content in the orbital tissue was 1,403
      2,225 ng/angiotensin I generated/h/g wet weight of tissue. The postmortem
      histopathologic diagnosis was orbital hemangiopericytoma. This is the first case
      of extrarenal (ectopic) renin-secreting (or -producing) hemangiopericytoma of the
      orbital origin. Furthermore this case is worthy of note in the point of view of
      the presence of the extrarenal renin-angiotensin system, particularly in the
      brain.

PMID- 158953
TI  - Q waves and coronary artery disease.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 234 patients admitted for selective coronary
      arteriography, 78 had pathological Q waves. In 32 of these 78 patients, ECG
      showed left ventricular hypertrophy, QRS duration of greater than or equal to
      0.12 sec, incomplete left bundle branch block, or left axis deviation. Fourteen
      (44%) of these 32 patients had coronary artery disease (CAD), while 40 (87%) of
      the remaining 46 patients without these ECG changes had CAD (p less than 0.0005).
      Among the 46 patients, 34 of 35 with angina pectoris had CAD compared to 6 of 11
      without angina pectoris (p less than 0.01). Our study thus shows that Q waves may
      be reliable predictors of CAD especially in patients with angina pectoris.

PMID- 158954
TI  - Effect of maternal carbohydrate intolerance on the development of the autonomic
      innervation of the fetal rat pancreas.

PMID- 158955
TI  - Fluorogenic peptide substrates for proteases in blood coagulation, kallikrein
      kinin and fibrinolysis systems.

PMID- 158956
TI  - Dynamics of kallikreinogen under hemodialysis.
AB  - There are many complications due to hemodialysis, causes of which seem to lie
      under disorders of the coagulation system, fibrinolytic system, and kinin system.
      Therefore, it is important to understand the dynamics of these systems during
      hemodialysis. Accordingly, kallikreinogen, plasminogen, plasmin inhibitors,
      contact factor, antithrombin, and prothrombin were assayed during the
      experimental dialysis, experimental ultrafiltration and clinical hemodialysis.
      Plasmin inhibitors decreased remarkably by dialysis. They then recovered the pre
      dialytic values as time went on. Kallikreinogen did not show any definite
      tendency immediately after the beginning of dialysis, but two hours later its
      value rather increased relative to thepre-dialytic value. It was supposed that
      this increase was caused by reactive hyperproduction due to gradual consumption
      of kallikreinogen. Contact factor slightly decreased by dialysis, whereas
      prothrombin and antithrombin decreased apparently. When hemodialysis is
      practiced, it is necessary to fully realize that the coagulation system,
      fibrinolytic system, and kinin system might lose their balance.

PMID- 158957
TI  - The informational role of calcium in the cytosol.

PMID- 158958
TI  - [Laser Doppler velocimetry of blood flow in the human retina (author's transl)].

PMID- 158959
TI  - Ultrasound of arterial graft surgery complications.
AB  - The value of gray scale ultrasound in evaluating primary diseases of the
      abdominal aorta and peripheral vessels has been well documented. However, only
      limited attention has been given to complications associated with arterial graft
      surgery. Twelve patients with a variety of complications are reported. These
      include 10 anastomotic pseudoaneurysms, one abscess, two "aneurysms" in
      degenerated graft material, and four serous fluid collections around intact
      Dacron grafts. The latter two complications are previously unreported.

PMID- 158961
TI  - Dental health care in a state hospital.

PMID- 158960
TI  - Cardiovascular malformations in the fetal alcohol syndrome.
AB  - Cardiovascular anomalies are a frequently reported feature of the fetal alcohol
      syndrome, but only rarely have such children been catheterized. This article
      fully described the cardiac anomaly in two infants with this syndrome. The
      malformations found in both cases include a ventricular septal defect, and the
      rather unusual finding of pulmonary artery dysplasia.

PMID- 158962
TI  - Effects of cardiac hypertrophy secondary to hypertension on the coronary
      circulation.
AB  - For many years clinicians have suspected that hypertrophied ventricles have an
      inadequate coronary circulation. Recent studies have confirmed early observations
      that flow per gram in hypertrophied ventricles is normal at rest. However,
      coronary vascular resistance is greatly increased when hypertension is the cause
      of left ventricular hypertrophy. Studies that have employed labeled microspheres
      to assess regional myocardial perfusion have shown that the transmural
      distribution of myocardial perfusion is often abnormal in dogs with left
      ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, studies of cardiac hypertrophy in many
      animal models have shown that maximal coronary vasodilatation is limited
      substantially. Furthermore, when hypertrophied hearts are subjected to a
      physiologic stress that induces coronary vasodilatation, endocardial
      underperfusion occurs frequently. Thus, studies in animals suggest that cardiac
      hypertrophy adversely affects the coronary circulation. The availability of new
      techniques for estimating phasic and transmural coronary blood flow in man should
      make it possible to extend these studies to patients with cardiac hypertrophy.

PMID- 158963
TI  - Effects of exercise on blood flow in the hypertrophied heart.

PMID- 158964
TI  - Introduction: recent perspectives on hypertension and the heart.

PMID- 158965
TI  - Morphometry of cardiac hypertrophy induced by experimental renal hypertension.

PMID- 158966
TI  - Echocardiographic dimensions in borderline and sustained hypertension.
AB  - Echocardiographic dimensions and hemodynamic indexes were determined in 42
      patients with borderline hypertension and in 22 with sustained hypertension and
      the results were compared with findings in 33 normal subjects. In patients with
      borderline hypertension the thickness of the interventricular septum (IVS) was
      significantly increased (P less than 0.001), whereas the posterior wall PW)
      thickness remained within normal range. The IVS/PW ratio was significantly
      elevated (P less than 0.001) and was correlated negatively with the cardiac index
      (P less than 0.01) and positively with the preejection period (P less than 0.01).
      In patients with sustained hypertension a symmetric cardiac hypertrophy was
      observed, and there was a significant positive correlation between the IVS/PW
      ratio and diastolic pressure (P less than 0.05). The study suggested that (1) in
      sustained hypertension the symmetric cardiac hypertrophy was secondary to a
      progressive increase in pressure load, whereas (2) in borderline hypertension the
      asymmetric cardiac hypertrophy could not be directly related to the level of
      blood pressure and was probably associated with abnormalities of the sympathetic
      nervous system.

PMID- 158967
TI  - Left ventricular mass and wall thickness in hypertension. Comparison of M mode
      and two dimensional echocardiography in two experimental models.

PMID- 158968
TI  - Cardiac hypertrophy: its characteristics as a growth process.
AB  - The causal relation between cardiac function and growth is analyzed in this
      review article. Three different levels of development are discussed:
      cytodifferentiation, embryogenesis and postnatal development. The earliest stage
      of cardiac morphogenesis, that is, the appearance of cell-specific proteins and
      of spontaneous contractions, appears to be independent of hemodynamic forces.
      Also, the first major morphologic transformation of the primitive heart, looping,
      is the intrinsic property of the heart itself. However, at any later stage of
      life, hemodynamic function in both health and disease is closely coupled to
      cardiac growth.

PMID- 158969
TI  - Functional significance of altered myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity in
      enlarged hearts.

PMID- 158970
TI  - Collagen synthesis in development and reversal of cardiac hypertrophy in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.

PMID- 158971
TI  - Is arterial pressure the sole factor responsible for hypertensive cardiac
      hypertrophy?
AB  - Increased arterial pressure is obviously the major stimulus to cardiac
      hypertrophy in hypertension. However, different studies suggest that in addition
      to the pressure load, other factors could play participating roles in determining
      the degree of ventricular hypertrophy in response to the hypertensive disease as
      well as the degree of its reversal after control of arterial pressure. These
      other mechanisms include genetic factors and concimitant processes such as aging
      and the presence of cardiomyopathy or other disease. Two neurohumoral influences,
      namely, the adrenergic and the renin-angiotensin systems, may also participate,
      and the early evidence supporting these possible contributing factors is cited.
      Further studies are needed to determine the relative importance of each of these
      factors in different types of hypertension and in their response to different
      modes of antihypertensive therapy.

PMID- 158973
TI  - Hemodynamic consequences of left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.

PMID- 158972
TI  - Hypertrophy in the denervated heart: a comparison of central sympatholytic
      treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine and peripheral sympathectomy with nerve growth
      factor antiserum.

PMID- 158974
TI  - Alterations of cardiac performance in rats with established spontaneous
      hypertension.

PMID- 158975
TI  - Ventricular function and coronary hemodynamics in hypertensive heart disease.

PMID- 158976
TI  - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: evaluation of anginal symptoms with
      thallium-201 myocardial imaging.
AB  - The evaluation of angina pectoris in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic
      subaortic stenosis is difficult in those in the age group prone to coronary
      artery disease. Ten patients with angina pectoris, normal coronary angiograms and
      idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis were studied with thallium-201
      myocardial imaging performed in conjunction with submaximal treadmill exercise
      testing. The resting electrocardiogram demonstrated left ventricular hypertrophy
      with S-T segment abnormalities in seven patients, thereby vitiating the further
      increase in S-T segment abnormalities that developed in these patients during
      exercise or in the postexercise period. Of the three patients with a normal
      resting electrocardiogram, one had significant exercise-induced S-T segment
      depression. Thallium-201 myocardial imaging revealed no significant perfusion
      defects in 9 of the 10 patients (90 percent). In one patient with severe left
      ventricular hypertrophy significant perfusion defects developed after exercise
      that were not present at rest. Stress thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging
      is a useful noninvasive technique that assists in ruling out the presence of
      significant coronary artery disease in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic
      subaortic stenosis.

PMID- 158977
TI  - Positional abnormalities of atrioventricular valves in transposition of the great
      arteries including double outlet right ventricle, atrioventricular valve
      straddling and malattachment.

PMID- 158978
TI  - The mechanism of action of vitamin D in the intestine.

PMID- 158979
TI  - Neoplasms of immunoregulatory cells.
AB  - This paper provides an overview of neoplasms which appear to be derived from
      immunoregulatory cells. Normal T cells play a critical role in the regulation of
      humoral immune responses by acting as potentiators (helper cells) or inhibitors
      (suppressor cells) of the B cell transition into immunoglobulin-secreting plasma
      cells. Certain patients with leukemias or lymphomas of T-cell origin may provide
      a resource for obtaining homogeneous populations of cells which act as either
      helper cells (e.g., some patients with the Sezary syndrome) or suppressor cells
      (e.g., some patients with acute or subacute T-leukemia). The clinical and
      theoretic implications of such immunoregulatory cell neoplasms are discussed.

PMID- 158980
TI  - Comparison of DRO and DRI on rate of suppression of self-injurious behavior.
AB  - Two procedures were used to compare the effects of differential reinforcement of
      other behavior (DRO) and differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
      (DRI) on self-injurious behavior (SIB) of three profoundly retarded head-bangers
      in a multiple-schedule within-subjects design. We found that rewarding a response
      specifically incompatible with SIB suppressed it more rapidly than applying DRO
      without specifying an alternative response. The relationship of collateral
      behaviors to SIB were dependent upon the repertoires of the individual clients.

PMID- 158981
TI  - Isolation and characterization of myosin in the human term placenta.
AB  - The major contractile protein myosin was isolated and characterized from the
      smooth muscle of human term placentas. Placental myosin originates chiefly in the
      anchoring villi which bridge the fetal and maternal surfaces of the placenta. The
      molecular weight of placental myosin is about 460,000; it is composed of two
      heavy chains of 200,000 molecular weight and two pairs of light chains with
      13,500 and 17,500 molecular weights. The adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of the
      myosin is activated by potassium and calcium and it is inhibited by magnesium.
      Placental actomyosin ATPase is activated by magensium. Contraction and relaxation
      of the smooth muscle in the anchoring villi are thought to adjust the volume of
      the intervillous space; thus, actin-myosin interaction is implicated in the
      regulation of placental hemodynamics.

PMID- 158983
TI  - Myofibrillar ATPase activity in rat heart after chronic propranolol
      administration.
AB  - A previous study has shown that chronic chemical sympathectomy brought about by 6
      hydroxydopamine injections results in a dpression in myocardial contractile
      function which is accompanied by reduced myofibrillar ATPase activity. To
      determine whether chronic beta-adrenergic receptor blockade elicits similar
      alterations in cardiac contractile-protein ATPase activity, adult rats were given
      twice-daily injections of propranolol 7 days/wk for 2 wk. Effective beta
      adrenergic receptor blockade was verified by the lack of hemodynamic
      responsiveness to isoproterenol infusion. Myofibrils were prepared from left
      ventricular tissue and analyzed for ATPase activity. Myofibrillar ATPase activity
      was 295 +/- 8 nmol Pi.mg-1.min-1 in controls. Enzyme activity was not
      significantly different in propranolol-injected rats. The results demonstrate
      that chronic propranolol administration does not alter the ATPase activity of
      cardiac myofibrils. Therefore, it seems likely that the altered contractile
      protein enzymatic properties resulting from chronic chemical sympathectomy do not
      occur as the result of a reducted level of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor
      stimulation.

PMID- 158982
TI  - Immune complex injury of the lung.
AB  - Abundant evidence currently exists to suggest that immune complexes play an
      important role in inflammatory diseases of the lung. Clinically, idiopathic
      pulmonary fibrosis, eosinophilic granuloma of lung, and systemic lupus
      erythematosus have been shown to be associated with the presence of immune
      complexes both in lung and in the serum. Experimentally, there is compelling
      evidence that acute lung injury can be triggered by the deposition of complexes
      in vascular walls or by the presence of performed immune complexes instilled into
      the airways. The observed reactions are, as expected, complement- and neutrophil
      dependent. The morphologic changes in lung caused by products of complement
      activation (C5a and related peptides) depend on whether complement activation
      occurs within the vasculature or within the airways. Airway activation is
      associated with intraalveolar accumulations of neutrophils, while intravascular
      activation leads to intracapillary sequestration of neutrophils. The chronic
      formation of immune complexes within the vasculature (in the model of "chronic
      serum sickness") leads to an interstitial fibrotic reaction and a thickening of
      basement membranes. Recent studies of intravascularly infused preformed immune
      complexes indicate a proclivity for certain types of complexes to localize within
      lung. These "lung-seeking" complexes differ from non-lung-seeking complexes only
      in the ratio of antigen to antibody. Complement does not seem to alter the
      tendancy for certain complexes to localize within lung. These studies emphasize
      the potential importance of immune complexes in lung injury and point out the
      variety of mechanisms involved in both the localization process and the injury
      process.

PMID- 158984
TI  - Temperature-  and Mg-ATP-dependent regulation of Ca2+ sensitivity of smooth
      muscle actomyosin ATPase.
AB  - Many smooth muscles on metabolic depletion undergo a contraction that is
      insensitive to EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis (beta-aminoethylether)N,N-tetraacetic
      acid]. Chicken gizzard actomyosin shows a progressive loss of Ca sensitivity
      accompanied by activation of EGTA-Mg-ATPase at temperatures near 37 degrees C
      with decreasing ATP concentrations. Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation still occurs
      under these conditions when the ATPase is Ca insensitive. Activation of EGTA-Mg
      ATPase at low ATP concentration is not due to a pseudo-ATPase, or due to
      denautration of the actomyosin at 37 degrees C. Magnesium concentrations above 1
      mM are required for observing the enhanced EGTA-Mg-ATPase activity and the Ca
      sensitivity is very markedly influenced by the magnesium concentrations of medium
      at low ATP. When the Mg-to-ATP ratio (5:1) was kept constant for varying ATP
      concentrations, activation of EGTA-ATPase was not observed. This activation was
      not due to the characteristics of the ATP regenerating system
      (phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase) because with phosphocreatine and
      creatine phosphokinase similar results were obtained. Thus the EGTA-insensitive
      rise in tension during metabolic depletion is due to activation of Mg-ATPase and
      loss of Ca sensitivity at 37 degrees C, a temperature at which mammalian smooth
      muscles normally function.

PMID- 158985
TI  - Changes in the sensitivity of left atrial receptors following reversal of heart
      failure.
AB  - Recordings were made from left atrial type B receptors in six mongrel dogs after
      recovery from the cardiac effects of a chronic AV fistula. All animals showed
      hemodynamic and clinical signs of congestive heart failure after 44.5 +/- 3.6
      days with a patent Dacron shunt between the aorta and inferior vena cava below
      the level of the renal arteries. The stimulus-response curves of the left atrial
      stretch receptors (change in spikes/cardiac cycle or in spikes/minute vs. change
      in left atrial pressure) after 45.2 +/- 7.2 days of shunt closure were similar to
      those seen in sham-operated dogs from a previous study. However, the slope of the
      stimulus-response curve of the dogs in which the AV fistula was closed was
      significantly greater than the slope of the curve from the AV fistula dogs with
      heart failure. Radiographs indicated that after shunt closure, cardiac dilatation
      had regressed. This study incidates that a decrease in the sensitivity of left
      atrial receptors in dogs with congestive heart failure is a reversible phenomenon
      and that the initial depression is most likely related to the concomitant cardiac
      dilatation that accompanies the failure state.

PMID- 158986
TI  - Sports for the physically disabled. The 1976 Olympiad (Toronto).
AB  - The 1976 Olympiad for the Physically Disabled was the first olympiad with full
      competition for blind, paralyzed, and amputee athletes. More than 1,500 from 38
      countries took part in wheelchair (12 events), blind (8 events), and amputee (11
      events) games. Participants were classified by an international team of doctors.
      The athletes were accomodated in university residences with small infirmaries. A
      school near the games site was used as a field hospital. Rest areas were also set
      up. Volunteers served on the medical staff (three doctors, three  nurses, three
      receptionists, and three physical therapists on each of two shifts per day). In
      addition doctors, nurses, trainers, and physical therapists rotated around
      various venues at the games site. Physicians treated 285 patients (184 were
      athletes; others were spectators) for a variety of problems, physical therapists
      treated 119 athletes, and trainers treated 114 athletes. Contigency plans in case
      of mass disaster were made but were not needed. Disabled athletes are slightly
      more vulnerable to stress and fatigue than able-bodied athletes. The Toronto
      games will probably be remembered as the turning point in the emergence of sports
      for the disabled from a purely rehabilitation measure to a true sporting event in
      its own right.

PMID- 158987
TI  - [Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the major salivary glands of the
      rabbit].

PMID- 158988
TI  - [Effect of age on the course of pregnancy, labor and puerperium in primiparae].

PMID- 158989
TI  - [Methods of educational and training work with obstetric and gynecologic
      interns].

PMID- 158990
TI  - [Mixed culture of maternal and neonatal lymphocytes normally and in late
      pregnancy toxicosis].

PMID- 158991
TI  - [Contact eczema by jobo (Spandia magnifera) in a Northamerican patient allergic
      to poison ivy].

PMID- 158992
TI  - An enyzmic method for the analysis of D-erythrose 4-phosphate.

PMID- 158993
TI  - A three-step procedure for the isolation of peptides derived from adenine
      nucleotide binding sites of enzymes labeled with p-fluorosulfonyl [14C]benzoyl-5'
      adenosine.

PMID- 158995
TI  - New synthesis of the 4- and 6-pyridones of 1-methylnicotinamide and 1
      methylnicotinic acid (trigonelline).

PMID- 158994
TI  - Identification of individual steroids in biological matrices by mass-analyzed ion
      kinetic energy spectrometry.

PMID- 158996
TI  - Lipid-impregnated filters as a tool for studying the electric current-generating
      proteins.

PMID- 158997
TI  - Adrenocortical interactions following dehydration, sodium chloride, potassium
      chloride, cortisone acetate and desoxycorticosterone acetate treatments in the
      parakeet, quail and myna.

PMID- 158998
TI  - A comparative ultrastructural study on typical and modified Sertoli cells before
      and after ligation of the efferent ductules in the rabbit.

PMID- 158999
TI  - Development of the equine venous sinuses of the dura mater.

PMID- 159000
TI  - The cardiac conducting system of the fowl.

PMID- 159001
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane during
      incubation.

PMID- 159002
TI  - Mouse ultimobranchial body not mixed with the thyroid: four cases.

PMID- 159003
TI  - Musculoskeletal growth gradients: a contribution to quadrupedal mechanics.

PMID- 159004
TI  - [Morphology of the fossa ovalis in the adult dog heart].

PMID- 159005
TI  - Macrophages in the excurrent ducts of the testes of normal domestic fowl (Gallus
      domesticus).

PMID- 159006
TI  - [The role of the lymphatic system in the defense as well as in the nutrition of
      the body].

PMID- 159007
TI  - Histogenesis of the rumen of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) stomach.

PMID- 159008
TI  - [Intratissular immune complexes in experimental pathology (author's transl)].
AB  - Immune complexes are responsible for tissue lesions in human pathology and in
      experimental pathology. In this review are considered the various models in which
      immune complexes may be responsible for tissue lesions in experimental pathology.
      The methods of study are first considered. Four essential models are then
      described. Knowledge of these models is probably very important for better
      understanding of human diseases. Finally are considered the circumstances
      favouring the formation of immune complexes in a tissue, the affected organs and
      the possible pathogenic effects of these immune complexes.

PMID- 159009
TI  - Occupational diseases.
AB  - This paper does not deal with occupational diseases in the narrow legal sense of
      the word but as part of all public health risks. Occupational health risks of the
      modern large-scale animal production on intensive farms differ radically from
      those of the traditional mixed small production farms. The main groups of
      occupational diseases in intensive large-scale animal production are: 1)
      Zoonoses. Their occurrence obviously depends on the epizootological situation.
      They are divided into the following groups: classic zoonoses, zoonoses with
      complicated ecologic relations, zoonoses associated with soil, zoonoses with
      natural foci or with reservoirs outside farms. 2) Lung diseases: chronic
      bronchitis, farmers' and brewers' lung precancerous conditions. 3) Skin diseases
      and allergies: dermatites, eczema and allergies. 4) Affections due to physical
      and mental stress: changes in the locomotor system and CNS, contribution to the
      development of "civilization diseases". 5) Accidents, poisoning, noise and
      vibration effects.

PMID- 159010
TI  - The role of serotonergic mechanisms on amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour.
AB  - The effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on
      amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour (ASB) and on the behavioural and EEG
      effects of caudate nucleus stimulation have been studied in the cat. After a
      pretreatment with 5-HTP (10--30 mg/kg) the threshold dose of amphetamine to
      induce ASB remained the same, but its pattern assumed a more organized character
      with reduced amplitude of stereotyped movements. On the contrary, after PCPA (200
      mg/kg) a disorganized pattern of ASB was observed. 5-HTP increased and PCPA
      decreased the threshold of the arrest reaction induced by low frequency
      stimulation of ventro-lateral parts of the head of caudate nucleus. 5-HTP and
      PCPA also influenced in the opposite direction caudate-induced spindle waves in
      the neocortex. The effects of amphetamine on behavioural and EEG pattern of
      arrest reaction due to stimulation of the caudate nucleus were antagonized by 5
      HTP and potentiated by PCPA. It is supposed that serotonergic mechanisms present
      in the ventro-lateral regions of the caudate nucleus can modulate stereotyped
      behaviour triggered by amphetamine.

PMID- 159011
TI  - Bovine plasma cold-insoluble globulin: gross structure and function.
AB  - Bovine plasma CIg, like human CIg, is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of
      approximately 450,000 daltons and consists of two homologous subunits, the alpha
      and beta chains. These subunits are covalently linked through disulfide bridges
      in their carboxyl terminal domains. The carboxyl terminal regions are presumed to
      contain the fibrin-reactive transamidation site. The covalent incorporation of
      CIg into fibrin has been conclusively demonstrated by isolation of the S
      carboxymethyl derivative of the CIg-fibrin-alpha chain complex and by
      determination of its terminal amino acid sequences. Cold-insoluble globulin has
      been shown to exert a stimulatory effect on the urokinase-mediated activation of
      bovine plasminogen to plasmin.

PMID- 159012
TI  - [Inflammatory variable epidermal naevus (atypical I.L.V.E.N.? A new entity?)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report a case of two sisters, having one of them left hemiatrophy,
      with congenital verrucose lesions, in plaques and lineary, bilateral, in
      extremities, presenting bouts of inflammatory extensive evolution (mostly on the
      atrophic side), with spontaneous resolution. Histologically the lesions match
      with those of Nevil's. The authors discuss the nosologic data with that of
      Nevil's, with epidermic nevus of Solomon and with variable erythrokeratodermis.

PMID- 159013
TI  - [Acne-like eruption induced by pseudo-xanthoma elasticum (author's transl)].
AB  - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum can induce acne-like eruption. The lesions are located
      on the latero-cervical parts and consist of comedones, cysts and inflammatory
      nodules. Histologically, there are no transepithelial eliminations or
      follicultitis, but a very important granulomatosus tissue with epithelioid cells
      and a giganto-cellular reaction with elastotic fibres phagocytosis. These
      findings are different from the cases with association of P.X.E. and elastosis
      perforans, but they are closely related to it. We think that these features are
      of a very great interest for the dermatological practice.

PMID- 159014
TI  - Pearson and the patient.
AB  - This lecture covers some subjects of direct concern to the medical profession
      contained within the Pearson Report. Each injury group was examined by the Royal
      Commission, both here and abroad, particular attention being paid to the
      relationship between tort and social security. By consensus it was proposed that
      in the majority of fields no-fault compensations should be extended but that the
      tort system should continue to have a role. Recommendations were also put forward
      that no damages should be permitted for non-pecuniary loss during the first 3
      months and that the full value of the social security benefits should be
      deductible from all tort damages. Damages for permanent injury or death should be
      index-linked periodic payments. A new no-fault compensation scheme for road
      accidents was described as well as a new disabled children's allowance of 4
      pounds per week with a mobility allowance at the lower age of 2 years. Medical
      injury was examined carefully, but it was decided that negligence liability
      should continue unchanged, with the proviso that the no-fault compensation
      schemes in New Zealand and in Sweden should be followed. These two schemes have
      therefore been described in some detail.

PMID- 159015
TI  - Velocity of left ventricular ejection: the major factor in the mechanism of left
      ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
      (HCM).

PMID- 159016
TI  - Echocardiography, a supplementary diagnostic tool, to differentiate between the
      angiographic appearance of a bulging septum and squeezing apical contraction in
      right ventricular volume overload and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 159018
TI  - [Oral contraceptives and trisomy 21. A retrospective study of 730 cases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A retrospective study of 730 cases of trisomy 21 and of 1 035 cases of abnormal
      children without a detectable chromosomal aberration, allows the study of the
      frequency of use of oral contraceptives by their mothers. The statistical
      analysis shows no notable differences for mothers 30 years old and younger. Among
      the mothers 30 to 38 years old, these is an excess of pill-taking by mothers of
      trisomy 21 children. For this second category of mothers (30 to 38 years) this
      excess is significant (a) when the delay between the cessation of pill-taking and
      the conception of the child is six months of less; (b) when the duration of pill
      taking has been longer than one year; and (c), when those two factors are present
      simultaneously. Moreover, the frequency of males is significantly reduced in
      trisomy 21 children when their mothers have taken the pill. As a whole, for the
      subsample of mothers 30 and older, a correlation is observed between the three
      factors analysed, pill-taking, sex ratio, and trisomy 21. In view of the fact
      that decrease of the sex ratio and the increase of the frequency of trisomy 21
      both are correlated with maternal aging in the general population, it seems
      remarkable that a correlation between these two variables and the use of oral
      contraceptives is observed only when the women had already passed the first of
      their reproduction period.

PMID- 159017
TI  - [Excess of males in trisomy 21 (author's transl)].

PMID- 159019
TI  - The Pasteur effect and catabolite repression in an oxidative yeast, Kluyveromyces
      lactis.
AB  - The presence of the Pasteur effect in Kluyveromyces lactis grown in glucose was
      shown by azide-stimulated glucose fermentation. Extracts from these cells
      contained ATP-sensitive phosphofructokinase activity. Cells grown on succinate
      oxidized glucose slowly at first without azide-stimulated rates of fermentation.
      Phosphofructokinase in these cells was ATP-insensitive. The activity of NAD+
      isocitrate dehydrogenase in cell extracts did not require AMP activation. These
      results suggested the presence of a Pasteur effect in glucose-grown but not in
      succinate-grown K. lactis, mediated by (a) ATP inhibition of phosphofructokinase
      (b) possibly via feedback control of glucose transport, but not by AMP activation
      of isocitrate dehydrogenase. Azide inhibition of the Pasteur effect during growth
      of the cells did not lead to catabolite repression of respiratory activity. The
      results therefore suggest that the Pasteur effect does not inhibit the
      development of a Crabtree effect in oxidative yeasts.

PMID- 159021
TI  - Prosepctive analysis of heart biopsies in coronary artery surgery.
AB  - In a prospective analysis of 36 biopsies from human hearts performed at the time
      of elective coronary operation, several morphological changes were identified in
      the myocardium. Some of these changes (fibrosis, vacuolation, edema, and amyloid
      deposition) are of clinical signficance and may affect the long-term prognosis
      for patients undergoing revascularization procedures. It appears, therefore, that
      knowledge of the morphological state of the myocardium at the time of operation
      can prove useful in elucidating further the long-term effects of coronary artery
      bypass on the left ventricular myocardium.

PMID- 159020
TI  - D-penicillamine and immune complex deposition.
AB  - Dense, granular immunoglobulin deposits have been identified at the epidermo
      dermal junction in 4 out of 10 patients who developed toxic reactions to D
      penicillamine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Three of 4 patients developing a
      lupus-like syndrome while on penicillamine had similar findings on skin biopsy.
      Serum immunoglobulin and complement levels decreased significantly in patients
      treated with penicillamine. It is suggested that, in addition to penicillamine
      nephropathy, other side effects of this drug may be related to widespread
      deposition of immune complexes.

PMID- 159022
TI  - Immediate operation for ectopia cordis.
AB  - Forty-one infants with thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis have been reported to
      date; 9 of them survived. Among the patients with an omphalocele as the abdominal
      wall defect, however, only 2 survived. Death in this group of patients occurred
      almost exclusively as a consequence of either attempted coverage of the heart or
      secondary to the associated intracardiac lesion. We report here the case of a
      patient recently treated in whom coverage with a temporary Silastic prosthesis
      protected the exposed heart from infection and rupture of the sac, thus
      permitting full cardiac investigation before operation.

PMID- 159023
TI  - Relationship of endogenous ATP to flagellar beat frequency in ejaculated bull
      spermatozoa.
AB  - The relationship between endogenous ATP and flagellar beat frequency of bull
      spermatozoa was investigated using cinematographic and biochemical criteria. ATP
      content was measured by the luciferin-luciferase method. Potassium, sodium,
      chloride, and viscosity were used to alter motility to establish the concomitant
      effects on ATP content. Beat frequency was correlated to endogenous ATP in
      potassium-supplemented media. Increased sodium concentration was related to ATP
      content, but not to beat frequency. With increasing viscosity of the medium, the
      frequency of flagellary beat decreased dramatically, while ATP content of the
      cells remained unchanged.

PMID- 159025
TI  - [From the concept to the realization of a medicosocial center for early care in a
      hospital milieu].

PMID- 159024
TI  - [Partial trisomy 21].
AB  - Three mentally retarded children with partial trisomy 21 who looked like children
      with complete trisomy 21 had increased activity of superoxide dismutase A. This
      emphases the pathogenic role of the 21q22 band in this condition.

PMID- 159026
TI  - The environment as a support system for independent living.
AB  - In extended interviews and visits with 150 physically disabled young adults
      living independently in Berkeley, CA, the author studied the environment as they
      experienced it and evaluated its accommodation to their special needs. The
      environment in this study is considered in physical and psychosocial terms, that
      is, as a support system for the multifaceted needs of the whole person. The
      framework for organizing the data was Mayer Spivak's construct of "archetypal
      place" in which he defines 13 fundamental places in terms of the behaviors they
      support: shelter, sleep, mate, groom, feed, excrete, store, territory, play,
      route, meet, compete, and work. For purposes of the present work, shelter and
      mate are discussed--shelter, because of the clarity of its relationship between
      existence and physical form, and mate because of its more abstract relevance to
      physical form.

PMID- 159027
TI  - Iliolumbar syndrome as a common cause of low back pain: diagnosis and prognosis.
AB  - Most cases of low back pain fall into the category of nonspecific low back pain
      in which no specific pathology can be detected by x-ray, laboratory tests, or
      biopsy. In the authors' experience about 50% of the patients falling into this
      group have a clinical picture characterized by symptoms and signs localized at
      one iliac crest. The symptoms can be abolished temporarily by infiltration of the
      posterior iliac crest with lidocaine. Because of the location of the findings and
      the unknown etiology the term iliolumbar syndrome is suggested. Distinguishing
      the iliolumbar syndrome from the root irritation syndrome may avoid unnecessary
      surgery. Chronic iliolumbar syndrome is a frequent cause of permanent low back
      disability, a fact not commonly recognized.

PMID- 159028
TI  - Dilation of synthetic grafts and junctional aneurysms.
AB  - Dilation of prosthetic graft has been noted by authors in association with
      junctional aneurysm between the synthetic graft and host arteries. Dilation of
      graft materials was suspected as one of the etiologic factors of the junctional
      aneurysm. Increase in transverse diameter was observed as early as a few minutes
      to five years postimplantation in clinical cases. The phenomenon of dilation was
      studied experimentally. Nine different types of graft materials were tested using
      intraluminal pulse pressure of 100/60 mm Hg, and the transverse diameters were
      measured at various time intervals. Knitted grafts showed the more pronounced
      changes compared with the woven. Degree of dilation differed considerably among
      the different types of knitted grafts.

PMID- 159029
TI  - Portal decompression by means of a gastroepiploic to inferior vena cava H graft.

PMID- 159030
TI  - [Grigorii Maksimovich Udovin (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 159031
TI  - [Localization of ATPase in the cerebral cortex and its role in the functional
      activity of neurons].
AB  - By analogy of defensive conditioned reflex formation in rats using a cytochemical
      method, dependency of localization and concentration of the product of ATP-ase
      activity on neuronal and synaptic functional activity has been demonstrated. It
      corresponds to the notion that only a part of the cortical cells are
      simultaneously at the state of structural-functional activity. The experimental
      data demonstrate that the CNS excitation in the animals during the process of
      learning is connected with increasing ATP-ase activity in ultrastructures of the
      nucleolus, pericaryon and synapses of some neurons participating in the formation
      of trace processes in the brain.

PMID- 159032
TI  - [Formation of the circulatory bed of the neuromuscular spindles in forearm and
      hand muscles].
AB  - The data are presented on the formation and main constitutional principles in the
      blood supply of the neuromuscular spindles in the human forearm and hand during
      embryogenesis and early postnatal life. It has been stated that the neuromuscular
      spindles posses their own microcirculatory bed which is formed by the vessels of
      the surrounding muscular tissue, tends to separate in the course of development
      and subdivides into two parts: extracapsular and intracapsular. The vessels of
      the extracapsular part form dense capillary nets on the external surface of the
      capsule and follow extracapsular parts of the intrafusal muscular fibres. The
      intracapsular vessels either cover the internal surface of the capsule, or adjoin
      the intrafusal muscular fibres, or else run in the free subcapsular space.

PMID- 159034
TI  - [Aleksandr Nikolaevich Natishvili (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 159033
TI  - [Structural organization of components of the mammalian endometrium during the
      preimplantation period].

PMID- 159035
TI  - [Morphogenesis of immune complex glomerulonephritis].
AB  - Morphological changes in the kidneys in nonspecific ulcerative colitis were
      studied and the following variants of the kidney involvement were established:
      (1) allergic changes manifested by membraneous and mesangio-proliferative
      glomerulonephritis, renal vasculitis, phenomena of stromal desorganization with
      lymphoid and histiocyte infiltrations; (2) metabolic changes manifested by
      various kinds of degeneration of the tubular apparatus including changes typical
      of potassium-deficient nephropathy; (3) toxic -- necrotic nephrosis and (4)
      infectious -- nonsuppurative and suppurative interstitial nephritis.

PMID- 159036
TI  - [Pavel Pavlovich Dvizhkov (on the 80th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 159037
TI  - [Stepan Sarkisovich Kasab'ian].

PMID- 159038
TI  - The dental care of handicapped children in South Australia.
AB  - Sixty-two per cent of handicapped children had a dentist willing to provide
      treatment; 55 per cent and 41 per cent were examined and were treated at least
      annually. Approximately 58 per cent were reported by their guardians to be
      manageable in general dental practice. Treatment was provided under general
      anaesthesia for 29 per cent of the children, although 39 per cent were considered
      by their guardians to require this procedure. Factors related to type and
      frequency of dental treatment are discussed.

PMID- 159040
TI  - The management of gastroschisis.
AB  - A review of gastroschisis treated at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children,
      Sydney, in the ten years between 1967 and 1976, was carried out. Early
      postoperative deaths occurred in those with poor general condition before and
      immediately after the operation. The presence of a gastrostomy appears to be most
      effective in the immediate postoperative period to assist in decreasing
      intraabdominal pressure. The results of three initial operative methods are
      discussed. The three procedures are the Gross method; prosthetic closure; and the
      Savage and Davey method of transverse incision and closure. The purpose of this
      paper is to suggest that the procedure described by Savage and Davey has been a
      most successful procedure in providing reliable and safe method of closure of
      gastroschisis, avoiding the complications and morbidity of staged closure using
      prosthetic material.

PMID- 159039
TI  - Post-mortem electrical stimulation of muscle and its effects on sarcoplasmic
      reticulum adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was isolated from control muscles and from muscles
      which had been subjected to short-term post-mortem electrical stimulation. Both
      preparations had similar protein compositions but the SR from electrically
      stimulated muscle had a lower 'extra' ATPase activity. The ability of the SR
      preparations from electrically stimulated muscles to accumulate Ca2+ was about
      the same as the controls. There was, therefore, an apparently greater efficiency
      of Ca2+ transport in the isolated vesicles, the reason for which is not known,
      but an alteration in the 'leakiness' of the membrane may be involved. Purified
      ATPase isolated from control and stimulated SR contained, in addition to the
      ATPase protein, a polypeptide of molecular weight about 30 000. The purified
      ATPase vesicles from electrically stimulated muscle had a reduced activity as
      measured by ATP splitting activity, phosphoenzyme formation from either inorganic
      orthophosphate (Pi) or ATP, or by an ATP in equilibrium Pi exchange reaction.
      These reduced activities probably result from an alteration in the binding
      affinities of the ATPase for ATP and Pi. The low affinity site for calcium
      binding was not affected by electrical stimulation. Purified ATPase vesicles from
      stimulated muscle were more susceptible to proteolytic attack, suggesting that
      the conformation of the protein or its association with the membrane lipids had
      been altered.

PMID- 159041
TI  - Stimulation of fibrinolysis in the vitreous body.

PMID- 159042
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of magnesium ion- and calcium ion
      dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity from bovine brain microsomal
      fraction.
AB  - Microsomal fraction was prepared by ultracentrifugation of homogenates of
      cortical tissue from bovine brains. The preparation displayed ATPase (adenosine
      triphosphatase) activity in the presence of Mg(2+) (6.4mumol of P(i)/h per mg of
      protein) and Ca(2+) (3.4mumol of P(i)/h per mg of protein). Kinetic analysis of
      the activation of the enzyme preparation by Ca(2+) resulted in the demonstration
      of two apparent K(m) values for Ca(2+) (6.0x10(-8)m and 1.2x10(-6)m). Treatment
      of the microsomal membranes with Triton X-100 resulted in solubilization of the
      ATPase, though with some loss of activity. The solubilized microsomal proteins
      were incorporated into liposomes. By incubation of the liposomes in media
      containing (45)Ca(2+) an ATP-dependent uptake of Ca(2+) was demonstrated. The
      solubilized preparation was subjected to preparative isoelectric focusing in
      granulated gel beds. Two distinct peaks of Mg(2+)- and Ca(2+)-dependent ATPase
      activity were observed at pH4.8 (peak 4.8) and at pH6.3 (peak 6.3). The material
      isolated in peaks 4.8 and 6.3 was focused in polyacrylamide gel with pH
      gradients. The material corresponding to peak 4.8 consisted of a single protein,
      whereas peak 6.3 contained one major and at least one minor protein. Sodium
      dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis confirmed these results and
      indicated that the major component of peak 4.8 and the protein of peak 6.3 both
      had a molecular weight of 105000. The material in peaks 4.8 and 6.3 was assayed
      for ATPase activity in the presence of various concentrations of Ca(2+). Kinetic
      analysis of the results for peak 4.8 demonstrated an apparent K(m) value for
      Ca(2+) of 4.1x10(-8)m. The enzyme isolated at pH6.3 had an apparent K(m) value of
      3.8x10(-6)m. However, when the material from peak 4.8 was incubated in the
      presence of 1mm-Mg(2+) the ATPase could not be activated by Ca(2+).

PMID- 159043
TI  - Correlation between cardiac muscle myosin ATPase activity and velocity of muscle
      shortening.

PMID- 159044
TI  - Acute thyrotoxicosis in the rabbit: changes in cardiac myosin, contractility, and
      ultrastructure.

PMID- 159045
TI  - Effect of streptozotocin on carnitine and carnitine acyltransferases in rat
      heart, liver, and kidney.

PMID- 159046
TI  - Effects of growth hormone on respiration and ATPase activity of rat liver and
      heart mitochondria.

PMID- 159047
TI  - Distinction between alkaline phosphatase and Mg2+-ATPase of the human
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte.

PMID- 159048
TI  - Mg2+-induced ADP-dependent inhibition of the ATPase activity of beef heart
      mitochondrial coupling factor F1.

PMID- 159049
TI  - Phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase from skeletal muscle: correlations between
      phosphorylation and muscle function.

PMID- 159050
TI  - Correlation between the toxicity of platinum drugs to L1210 leukaemia cells and
      their mutagenic properties.

PMID- 159051
TI  - Analysis of the protein subunit structure of the oligomycin sensitive ATPase
      proteolipid fraction by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 159052
TI  - Safe and useful vector systems.

PMID- 159053
TI  - Inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by tryptophan metabolites in rats and
      guinea pigs.

PMID- 159054
TI  - Effects of cannabinoids on cardiac microsomal CaATPase activity and calcium
      uptake.

PMID- 159055
TI  - Protective actions of taurine against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia.

PMID- 159056
TI  - A Na+-activated Mg2+-dependent renal adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-ATPase)
      sensitive to aldosterone.

PMID- 159057
TI  - [Long term effect of ipratropium bromide on gastric secretion].
AB  - In a randomised clinical trial in 10 patients, the effects of a new
      anticholinergic, 8-isopropyl-3 alpha-DL-tropoyloxy-1 alpha H, 5 alpha H-tropanium
      hydroxide (ipratropiumbromide, active principle of Atrovent), on pentagastrin
      stimulated gastric secretion was investigated. The study was performed in
      comparison to placebo, using the double-blind technique. Each patient served as
      his/her own control. As earlier test results seemed to indicate that ipratropium
      bromide had a particularly long duration of action, the special aim of the trial
      was to clarify whether an oral dose of 30 mg of the product inhibits gastric
      secretion for more than 11 h after administration. The findings show that basal
      acid secretion (BAO) was significantly reduced 11 ts following placebo. On the
      other hand, upon determination of maximum acid secretion (MAO) 12--13 h following
      administration, there was no difference between the anticholinergic and placebo.
      The results of the study of the study are discussed.

PMID- 159058
TI  - Additional pharmacological aspects of orgotein, a metalloprotein with superoxide
      dismutase activity.
AB  - Orgotein is a copper- and zinc-containing protein with superoxide-dismutase
      activity which can be isolated from bovine liver and erythrocytes. The effects of
      this drug on adjuvant -induced arthritis in rats, and particularly on the changes
      in erythrocytes sedimentation rates and plasma fibrinogen levels induced by this
      experimental infection, were studied. Orgotein was also assayed on nystatin
      induced paw edema, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and Arthus reaction, in rats.
      Finally, studies on platelet aggregation and the prostaglandin system were
      conducted. Given at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg i.p. for 14 days to arthritic rats,
      orgotein normalized the serum changes, inhibited the foot swelling and improved
      the performance time on the rotating bar. The drug reduced, after a single dose,
      the nystatin-induced edema, whilst it showed no effects on the immunological
      inflammations, platelet aggregation and prostaglandin system. The probable
      mechanism of action is discussed.

PMID- 159059
TI  - [The Latin American Index Medicus: a dream comes true].

PMID- 159060
TI  - [The multinational Andean genetic and health program: III. Ophthalmic diseases
      and disabilities among the Aymaras].

PMID- 159061
TI  - [Epidemiologic aspects of rheumatic fever].

PMID- 159062
TI  - [Serologic surveys for the determination of antibodies against the Eastern,
      Western, California and St. Louis encephalitis and dengue 3 arboviruses in
      Central America, 1961-1975].

PMID- 159064
TI  - [Geographic pathology of cancer and registry of tumor pathology].

PMID- 159063
TI  - [Salmonella in various types of meat products].

PMID- 159065
TI  - [Meningococcus carriers].

PMID- 159066
TI  - [Coordination and promotion of research in PAHO].

PMID- 159067
TI  - Morbidity in gynaecological day-case surgery. A comparison of two anaesthetic
      techniques.
AB  - The effectiveness of fentanyl, given as part of the anaesthetic technique, in
      reducing abdominal pain following outpatient gynaecological surgery has been
      examined. It was found to reduce significantly the frequency of abdominal pain in
      the period extending from discharge from hospital to the first evening, while not
      compromising surgical conditions nor increasing the frequency of other post
      operative sequelae such as nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 159068
TI  - Comparison of anti-pollution modifications of Mapleson A and D anaesthetic
      systems.
AB  - Hafnia A and Hafnia D anaesthetic systems are non-polluting modifications of the
      Mapleson A and D systems. The excess gas is vented in the Hafnia systems directly
      and continuously via a calibrated ejector flowmeter. Sixteen adult patients
      anaesthetized for abdominal surgery were ventilated and either Hafnia A or D
      systems at six different fresh gas flows. No difference between the Hafnia A and
      D systems could be demonstrated in the values of arterial carbon dioxide tension
      measured with the same fresh gas flow, despite gas flows in opposite directions.

PMID- 159069
TI  - Contrasts in the actions of protein antibiotics on deoxyribonucleic acid
      structure and function.
AB  - The protein antibiotics neocarzinostain (NCS), macromomycin (MCR), and
      auromomycin (AUR), which is closely related to MCR, have been compared for their
      in vitro and in vivo actions on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). NCS, markedly
      stimulated by 2-mercaptoethanol, is much more active in inducing strand scissions
      in superhelical pMB9 and linear duplex lambda DNA than AUR, which is slightly
      inhibited by 2-mercaptoethanol. Purified MCR, even at very high levels, does not
      give any significant amount of cutting with either DNA substrate. 2-Propanol
      stimulates the activity of NCS but inhibits that of AUR. On the other hand, the
      antioxidant alpha-tocopherol strongly inhibits DNA breakage by both drugs. The
      intercalating drugs ethidium bromide, daunorubicin, proflavin, and actinomycin D
      at low concentrations inhibit DNA scission by AUR. The levels of intercalators
      required to inhibit NCS activity to comparable levels are about 10 times higher
      than those for AUR. Although MCR has virtually no in vitro DNA cutting activity,
      it is, like AUR and NCS, cytotoxic, as measured by the inhibition of DNA
      synthesis and induction of DNA strand breakage in HeLa cells.

PMID- 159070
TI  - Consequences of reacting the thiols of myosin subfragment 1.

PMID- 159071
TI  - Fluorescence energy transfer between subfragment-1 and actin points in the rigor
      complex of actosubfragment-1.
AB  - The fast-reacting thiol (SH1) of myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) was covalently and
      specifically labeled with (iodoacetamido)fluorescein (IAF), while Cys-373 of
      actin was also covalently and preferentially labeled with N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(1
      sulfo-5-naphthyl)ethylenediamine (1,5-IAEDANS). The method of fluorescence energy
      transfer was used to examine the spatial proximity between the two sites, i.e.,
      SH1 and Cys-373, in the rigor complex of acto-S-1. Approximately 30% fluorescence
      energy transfer was observed from the 1,5-IAEDANS on actin as a donor to the IAF
      on S-1 as an acceptor in their rigor complex; under certain assumptions this
      corresponds to a distance of ca. 6.0 nm.

PMID- 159072
TI  - Rapid kinetics of calcium ion transport and ATPase activity in the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum of dystrophic muscle.
AB  - Vesicular fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum were isolated from pectoralis
      muscle of normal and dystrophic chicken. Purification of both preparations was
      equally satisfactory, as shown by a prominent ATPase band in electrophoresis
      gels. Measurements of ATPase phosphorylation, Ca2+ transport and Pi cleavage by
      rapid quench methods revealed a lower specific activity of the dystrophic
      vesicles with respect to all of these functions. On the other hand, Ca2+
      independent ATPase activity was found to be increased in dystrophic vesicles. It
      is suggested that a fraction of ATPase units of dystrophic sarcoplasmic reticulum
      is not activated by Ca2+, owing to an altered protein assembly within the
      membrane bilayer. In fact, when the membrane structure is perturbed by detergents
      normal and dystropic preparations acquire an equally high Ca2+-dependent ATPase.

PMID- 159073
TI  - DNA damage and repair in relation to cell killing in neocarzinostatin-treated
      HeLa cells.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism of the cell killing activity of neocarzinostatin on
      mammalian cells, the drug-induced damage of DNA and its repair were examined.
      Very low doses of neocarzinostatin, at which high survival of cells was observed,
      clearly produced single-strand breaks of DNA and decomposition of the 'DNA
      complex', but these damages appeared to be repaired almost completely. At higher
      doses of neocarzinostatin, single-strand breaks were repaired to a considerable
      extent while double-strand breaks seemed not to be repaired. The number of non
      repairable single-strand breaks was about twice that of double-strand breaks.
      This implies that single-strand breaks are repaired except for those constituting
      double-strand breaks. Although at low levels of neocarzinostatin repair of double
      strand breaks may occur, the correlation existing between the colony-forming
      ability of cells treated with neocarzinostatin and non-repairable DNA breakage
      suggests that production of a small number of critical non-repairable double
      strand breaks per cell may be responsible for the cell killing activity of the
      drug.

PMID- 159074
TI  - Strand scission of superhelical and linear duplex DNAs by the antitumor protein
      macromomycin. Relationship of in vitro DNA damage to cell growth inhibition.
AB  - Macromomycin, a protein antitumor drug, was found to cause strand scissions in
      vitro in superhelical PM2 and SV40 DNA as well as linear duplex lambda DNA. DNA
      damage appeared to be single rather than double-strand scissions, and there is an
      indication that DNA breaks occur at some preferential base sites. The DNA breaks
      were predominantly true single-strand scissions as opposed to alkali-labile
      bonds. The cutting reaction was inhibited by low temperature (0 degrees C) and
      reached a maximum at 45 degrees C. The reaction was not affected by 2
      mercaptoethanol, although EDTA did cause a slight decrease in the reaction rate.
      MgCl2 was found to be an effective inhibitor of the strand scission activity of
      the drug. The rate of DNA cutting was linear over a wide range of DNA substrate
      levels. There appeared to be a correlation between the drug's ability to damage
      DNA and to inhibit cell growth in that similar losses of these two activities
      occurred as the drug was thermally denatured.

PMID- 159075
TI  - ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities of chick and rat small intestinal
      mucosa.
AB  - The alkaline phosphatase and (Ca2+ +Mg2+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC
      3.6.1.3) of chick and rat small intestine have been investigated. The same pH
      optimum was found for membrane-bound and solubilized alkaline phosphatase,
      whereas those of the corresponding ATPases differed. The solubilised ATPases had
      inhibition and activation characteristics similar to those of alkaline
      phosphatase but markedly different from those of the membrane-bound ATPase. These
      results suggest that membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase and ATPase are not the
      same enzyme.

PMID- 159076
TI  - [Exogenous orthophosphate regulation of ATPase activity of E. coli cells].
AB  - The effect of exogenous orthophosphate and mutations in genes, regulating the Pi
      transport system, on the ATPase activity of E. coli subcellular fractions was
      studied. It was shown that the orthophosphate starvation resulted in the
      cessation of the increase in the ATPase activity of membranes and was accompanied
      by the increase in the analogous activity of a soluble fraction at the expense of
      the derepression of alkaline phosphatase possessing this activity. The
      disturbance, resulted from the mutation of protein components participating in
      the specific binding and transport of orthophosphate, changed the ATPase activity
      of subcellular fractions: increased the ATPase activity of soluble fraction
      (independently of the presence of orthophosphate in medium), did not affect
      significantly the activity of membrane--bound ATPase in the presence of
      orthophosphate and decreased this activity in the absence of orthophosphate. The
      data obtained point to the fact that components, binding exogenous orthophosphate
      and transporting it into a cell, affect the rigidity of the ATPase bound E. coli
      cytoplasmic membrane. Mutations resulting in the defect in these components relax
      this bound and lead to the detection of ATPase proper in the periplasm.

PMID- 159077
TI  - [Inactivation of factor X by plasmin].
AB  - Plasmin does not activate factor X into the enzyme--factor Xa. On the contrary,
      the enzyme inactivates factor X, rendering it incapable of conversion into factor
      Xa during incubation in 25% sodium citrate. After proteolysis by plasmin the
      prothrombin preparations contaminated with factor X lose their ability to
      generate thrombin. This ability is partially restored by an addition of factor X.

PMID- 159078
TI  - [Energy-dependent uptake of phenazinemethosulfate in isolated chloroplasts].
AB  - The concentration and absorption of methylphenazinium cations (MP+) in
      suspensions of pea chloroplasts are simultaneously lowered during rapid
      (approximately 10s) illumination. The light-induced changes of absorption and
      concentration of MP+ reveal similar sensitivity towards some inhibitors and
      uncouplers and are determined by MP+ uptake by the thylakoids. The time-course of
      light-induced MP+ uptake was found to be modified in the presence of
      dithioerythritol, Mg2+ and ATP, i. e. under conditions which induce the ATPase
      activity and ATP hydrolysis in chloroplasts. The kinetic curve of light-induced
      MP+ uptake under these conditions consists of a relatively fast (approximatley 10
      s) and a slow (approximately 10 min) components. The slow ATP-dependent component
      of MP+ uptake is enhanced by low concentrations of gramicidin and is completely
      inhibited by the energy transfer inhibitor--dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The data
      obtained suggest that the light-induced energization of the chloroplast membrane
      is accompanied by the transport of MP+ into the thylakoids against the electrical
      potential and concentration gradients.

PMID- 159080
TI  - Melting curves, denaturation maps, and genetic map of phiX174: their relations
      and applications.

PMID- 159079
TI  - Quantification of muscle tremor of Huntington's disease patients and their
      offspring in an early detection study.
AB  - Accelerometer measurements of muscle tremor yielded significant findings for both
      Huntington's disease (HD) patients and their genetically at risk offspring.
      Although affected individuals are usually characterized by gross involuntary
      muscle movements, alterations in minute muscle tremor were also found in our
      sample of ten HD patients. Irregularities in tremor patterns were intensified
      with increased time since onset of the disorder and in addition reflected the
      effects of drug therapy for those on medication. The use of accelerometer
      measurements of muscle tremor may therefore, prove to be useful in evaluating new
      medications for affected individuals. For high risk immediate family members
      currently there is no safe and reliable method to identify, prior to clinical
      onset, any among them who will develop HD. Aberrant muscle tremor patterns
      resembling that shown by HD patients were found in one-third of a sample of 15
      genetically at risk offspring. In the event an effective method of treatment is
      developed, early recognition of HD gene carriers by accelerometer tremor
      measurement could result in control of the disorder prior to substantial
      neurological damage.

PMID- 159081
TI  - [Kinetic differences in induction of the killers and producers of the macrophage
      migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in primary and secondary mixed murine leukocyte
      culture test].
AB  - Conditions are selected for the killer induction during primary and secondary
      responses in the one-way MLC, stimulated by x-irradiated or killed allogenic
      lymphocytes. MIF is found in the MLC culture medium as a sharp peak on the 2nd or
      the 3rd day of the primary reaction, or as a plato from the 1st day of the
      secondary reaction. In contrast, the killers are shown to be induced much later
      reaching their maximum on the 5th and the 4th days, respectively. If heated,
      instead of irradiated, allogenic lymphocytes were used for stimulation of the
      primary MLC reaction, the MIF-producer kinetics was not changed, but the killer
      induction was found to be delayed.

PMID- 159082
TI  - [Blood serum as a factor of chromatin condensation in trisomy-21 (Down's
      syndrome)].
AB  - The influence of blood sera from patients with Down's syndrome and healthy ones,
      and different serum fractions on the structure of the deoxyribonucleoprotein
      systems (DNP-system) has been studied. It was demonstrated that non-fractionated
      sera of the patients produce a condensation effect on the DNP-system in
      contradistinction to the sera from healthy people. The analysis of the action of
      single serum fractions showed that different condensation effect results from the
      activity of high molecular nondialysable thermosensitive components whose action
      disappears at gel-filtration of serum proteins. A possibility of the humoral
      control over chromatin structural organization in vivo is discussed in terms of
      the evidence on the similarity of serum proteins and chromosomal nonhistone
      proteins.

PMID- 159083
TI  - [Structural changes in the rat myocardium in the process of adaptation to high
      altitude hypoxia].
AB  - Changes in the weight of diverse parts of the heart, in cross-sectional area of
      myocytes and vascularization of the myocardium were studied in rat experiments
      under altitude hypoxia (3200 m above the sea level) during adaptation of the
      animals to hypoxia. Morphologically, the compensatory and adaptive reactions of
      the rat to hypoxia were shown by its increases weight at the expense of
      hypertrophy of the right ventricular myocardium. Vascularization of the
      myocardium augmented synchronously to its growing hypertrophy.

PMID- 159084
TI  - Tissue-specific inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation extracted and purified from
      calf spleen. Biological and chemical properties.
AB  - A partly purified calf spleen extract which inhibits lymphocyte proliferation in
      a tissue-specific, species-nonspecific, nontoxic, and reversible way, and may
      thus contain a chalone-like activity, has been further characterized. Our results
      show that the inhibitor works in G1-phase. The activity is resistant to heat,
      trypsin- and ribonuclease-treatment. It appears to be an acidic molecule and it
      does not appear to contain ribonucleic acid. These properties are compared to the
      characteristics which have been described for tissue-specific inhibitors of
      lymphocyte proliferation by other authors.

PMID- 159085
TI  - [Cataract and inflammation of the uvea].

PMID- 159086
TI  - Inhibition of synaptosome ATPase by PGE1 may be dependent on a soluble factor
      [proceedings].

PMID- 159088
TI  - Clioquinol and related drugs.

PMID- 159087
TI  - Failed laparoscopic clip sterilisation.

PMID- 159089
TI  - The younger disabled unit at Fazakerley Hospital.

PMID- 159090
TI  - [Jacques Duclaux (1877-1978)].

PMID- 159091
TI  - [Max Fernand Jayle (1913-1978)].

PMID- 159092
TI  - [Effect of diphenylhydantoin administered during gestation and lactation on the
      motor development and cerebellar histology of the young rat].
AB  - Rattus norvegicus females were treated by diphenylhydantoin (D.P.H.), all along
      pregnancy and lactation. 4 groups were constituted: a 100 mg DPH/kg/day group, a
      50 mg DPH/kg/day group; a placebo group (treated with pure water), and control
      group. D.P.H. was given twice a day by a gastric tube. The cerebellar Purkinje
      cells studied through light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in
      young rats (25 days old) showed no visible alteration. 2 motorcoordination tests
      were applied to the young rats, during their 2nd and 3rd weeks of post-natal
      life. Young rats of DPH 100, DPH 50 and placebo groups showed a backwardness
      relatively to control. This backwardness may be attributed to the maternal forced
      feeding stress, but not to a specific action of the DPH.

PMID- 159093
TI  - [Demonstration of multiple innervation of skeletal muscle fibers in the rat
      following localized repetitive freezing of the sciatic nerve].
AB  - The medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was denervated by three
      successive freezings of the sciatic nerve at the same focal localization. After
      the third denervation, the compound potentials obtained during a transient period
      of time indicated that some muscle fibres are innervated by two or several axonal
      terminals. It can be concluded from the electrophysiological, histological and
      cytoenzymological results that this multiple innervation is polyneural and
      located within a single end-plate.

PMID- 159094
TI  - [Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in the slow muscle and the fast muscle
      of the chicken].
AB  - Five molecular forms of AChE are present in the slow (ALD) and twitch (PLD)
      muscles of the chick. These forms have 4 S, 7 S, 11 S, 15 S and 20 S
      sedimentation coefficient in sucrose gradient. The heaviest forms, the 20 S and
      15 S of AChE are absent in uninnervated muscles and present in innervated
      muscles. In innervated muscles, the 20 S and 15 S AChE are present in both nerve
      free segments and end-plates zones. The 20 S and 15 S which are not specifically
      associated with the end-plate zones in the chick could be considered as a
      biochemical "marker" of neuromuscular interactions.

PMID- 159095
TI  - [In vitro expression of the thyroid gland genome. Difference between chromatin
      and DNA].
AB  - In vitro, transcription by thyroid chromatin has been compared to that carried
      out by deproteinized DNA prepared from the same tissue. The chromatin-primed
      transcripts are represented by 4S and 10S RNAs, whereas the DNA-primed transcript
      is heterogenous and polydisperse. The sequences expressed in vitro have been
      analyzed by hydridization of 4S and 10S RNA to the total native thyroid DNA. Most
      of the sequences transcribed are represented by intermediate repetitive
      associated an unique sequence. Furthermore, they are expressed only by chromatin
      and not by DNA. Thus, thyroid chromatin very likely holds in vitro the same
      fonctional restriction exhibited in vivo, whereas the transcriptional behaviour
      of thyroid DNA is totally aspecific.

PMID- 159096
TI  - [Effect of glycolysis inhibitors on the uptake of metronidazole by the protozoa
      Tritrichomonas foetus and Entamoeba invadens].
AB  - Uptake of metronidazole by the anaerobic protozoa, Tritichomonas foetus and
      Entamoeba invadens is dependent on the energy metabolism of these organisms. The
      inhibitors of glycolysis, iodoacetamide and sodium fluoride, inhibit the uptake.
      An atmosphere of hydrogen eliminates this inhibition in the hydrogenase
      containing T. foetus but not in E. invadens which lacks the enzyme.

PMID- 159097
TI  - [Effect of urethane on the granulopexic activity of the reticuloendothelial
      system and the production of virus inhibiting factor or interferon].
AB  - Urethane (ethyl carbamate) did not affect the rate of the clearance of carbon
      from the blood in splenectomized mice, while this compound slowed down the carbon
      clearance in intact mice. Production of virus-inhibiting factor (IF) or
      interferon, especially early IF induced by virus was impaired by urethane in
      splenctomized mice as well as intact ones. The role of reticulo-endothelial
      system in IF formation was discussed.

PMID- 159098
TI  - [Effect of long-term phenytoin treatment on the levels of calcium and magnesium
      in rat femurs].
AB  - In young male rats, long-term treatment with phenytoin reduces the amount of
      calcium and magnesium in the femurs and provokes a stimulation of the
      parathyroiids witnessed by the hypertrophy and hyperplasy of the parathyroid
      cells. Neither plasma calcium nor plasma and erythrocyte magnesium are modified.

PMID- 159099
TI  - [Histo-autoradiographic study of a testosterone target organ, the epididymis of
      the lizard (Lacerta vivipara), after administration of 3H-17 beta-estradiol].
AB  - [6,7 3H] oestradiol-17 beta was injected into castrated male viviparous lizards
      in order to compare retention of this steroid to that of testosterone during the
      period of sexual activity. Retention of the isotope in epididymis was greater
      than in blood, lung and stomach. Radioautographs of epididymis indicated that
      oestradiol or a metabolite was concentrated in cell nuclei and over discharged
      secretory granules as was observed with testosterone. Reason of such binding is
      not yet known.

PMID- 159100
TI  - [Effect of various 2-methyl-(4'-chlorobenzoyl)-4-phenoxy)-2 propionic acid (LF
      153) analogs on the respiratory activity of rat liver mitochondria].
AB  - Seven analogs of methyl-2 [chloro-4' benzoyl)-4 phenoxy]-2 propionic acid, (LF
      153) have been tested for their effects on respiration and phosphorylation of rat
      liver mitochondria suspensions. They differ from one another by the sort of
      binding between both aromatic cycle as well as by the nature and position of the
      halogenated substitutions and alpha methylation in the propionic chain. All the
      compounds which have been tested acted as inhibitors of the electron transport
      chain and uncouplers of phosphorylations.

PMID- 159101
TI  - [Kinetics of Mn2+ ion metabolism in rat hepatic tissue].
AB  - Intravenous injection of MnSO4 with 54Mn (0,33 mg/100 g) into rats showed that
      Mn2+ ions are transferred into intracellular organites and specially into
      mitochondria. The mitochondrial clearance curve of 54Mn has been analyzed. It is
      appeared that three compartments participate in the distribution of Mn2+. The
      third compartment is the most important.

PMID- 159103
TI  - [Cumulative effect of microwaves at 2450 MHz on the immune response of the
      mouse].

PMID- 159102
TI  - [Intestinal and renal excretion of phosphorus and calcium in rats receiving
      potassium metabisulfite, tannic acid and ethanol, alone or in combination].
AB  - In the young rat, the addition of potassium metabisulfite or tannic acid in the
      diet decreases the fecal excretion of phosphorus, but increases its urinary
      excretion, whereas the addition of ethanol induces opposite results. These
      different effects are additive. On the other hand, the ethanol increases the
      urinary excretion of calcium, but only in the animals which receive neither
      metabisulfite nor tannic acid.

PMID- 159104
TI  - [Lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in human umbilical cord tissue].
AB  - Study on umbilical cord tissue, completely bloodless, for determination of
      lactate deshydrogenase activity and its distribution among the five iso-enzymes.
      Comparison with placenta, amniotic fluid, serums of blood of cord and of mother.
      Cord tissue is very active (about 360 muKatals, in average) and it is a similar
      result in placenta (as it is possibly bloodless). Blood serum of cord is more
      active than amniotic fluid, which is more active than maternal serum, but they
      are 80 to 200 times less active than cord tissue. After electrophoresis, a very
      large predominance of the slow iso-enzymes L.D.H. 4--5 is found in cord tissue
      (72%), amniotic fluid (67%) and placenta (56%), whereas the fast iso-enzymes
      L.D.H. 1--2 are predominant in the serums of cord blood and of mother. These data
      indicate an intense metabolic activity in the cord tissue, which has also an high
      level of lactate, and this seems related to the foetal metabolism for anaerobic
      glycolysis in oxygen weakly provided tissues.

PMID- 159105
TI  - [Histological study of the development of Fasciola hepatics in Lymnaea
      truncatula, L. glabra and L. palustris infested at hatching].
AB  - The development of Fasciola hepatica is histologically analysed in Limnaea
      truncatula, L. glabra and L. palustris infested at hatching with a single
      miracidium. The development of the redial generations of Fasciola is not affected
      by the species of snail host but depends on growth of the snail. In snails of
      size within 2 mm (considered at the day 49 of infestation to 20 degrees C), the
      rediae show a delay of maturity compared with rediae observed in snails of higher
      sizes. The distribution of redia 1 of generation 1 should have an influence on
      growth of the snail host.

PMID- 159106
TI  - [Hormonal regulation of 5 alpha-reductase activity in anterior pituitary gland
      microsomes of the male rat].
AB  - It was previously shown that the microsomal 5 alpha-reductase activity in the
      male rat pituitary was increased by castration. Subcutaneous administration of
      androgens to castrated rats prevented the rise in 5 alpha-reductase activity.
      Their relative efficiency was as follows: 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone greater
      than 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol greater than testosterone. Under
      our experimental conditions 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and estrogens
      were inefficient. The rise in 5 alpha-reductase activity following castration is
      exclusively located in hypophysis and it is probably due to an increased of the
      enzyme biosynthesis.

PMID- 159108
TI  - [Development of various parameters of magnesium metabolism during
      mineralocorticoid treatment (DOCA and sodium chloride) in the rat].

PMID- 159107
TI  - [Effect of L-eburnamonine on bronchial respiratory resistance in the anesthetized
      guinea pig. Comparison with vincamine].
AB  - In anesthetized guinea pigs, i.v. injection of l-eburnamonine (l-E) induced a
      moderate constriction of bronchia. This bronchoconstriction was partially
      antagonized by atropine and brompheniramine and nearly completely inhibited by
      papaverine; methysergide was devoid of antagonistic activity. It was suggested
      that the contractive activity of l-E is complex and not specific. Similar results
      were obtained with vincamine (Vi) but vincamine's bronchoconstriction was not
      completely inhibited by papaverine. Furthermore, the bronchoconstrictor activity
      of Vi was more important and more durable than that of l-E.

PMID- 159109
TI  - [Intestinal motility after intraduodenal and intrajejunal feeding].
AB  - Post-prandial intestinal motility, analysed through two electromyographic
      parameters, duration of inhibition of myoelectric complex (DIMC) and percentage
      of spike potentials (PSP), was studied after ingestion of glucids, proteins and
      lipids. Post-prandial intestinal motility depends on both chemical nature and
      caloric load of nutriments: DICM depends on those two factors but PSP only
      depends on nature of nutriments. Post-prandial intestinal motility also depends
      on route of administration of nutriments. Intra-jejunal administration versus
      intra-duodenal administration increases DIMC observed for glucids and proteins,
      diminishes DIMC observed for lipids and diminishes PSP observed for glucids and
      proteins. These results indicate a specificity of intestinal post-prandial
      motility with characteristics of nutriments. Intestinal digestion and absorption
      of nutriments, just as hormonal secretion in response to intestinal passage of
      nutriments could explain such a specificity.

PMID- 159110
TI  - [Effect of protein deprivation on ammonia metabolism in the rat].
AB  - In order to investigate the mechanisms of the hyperammonemia previously described
      in protein deprivation, the effects of sucrose and fasting on the ammonia
      metabolism were studied in control, streptozotocine-induced diabetics and
      colectomized rats. Hyperammonemia, hyperglutaminemia, hypouremia and intolerance
      to an ammonium load were observed in the control group after a 5 days sucrose
      feeding. Any of these abnormalities were found in the diabetic animals whereas
      hyperglutaminemia did not occur in colectomized animals. It is concluded that
      protein deprivation obtained by sucrose feeding involves an hyperammonemia by a
      reduction of ureogenesis (which seemed to be related to an elevation of the ratio
      insulin/glucagon) and an hyperglutamininemia of colic origin.

PMID- 159111
TI  - [A and C particles in mouse embryos].
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of embryos of the BALB/c and AKR strains of mice
      from the 1-cell stage to 14 days of age revealed 2 types of intracisternal A
      particles, one type of C particle budding into the extracellular space and an
      endoplasmic reticulum-association "dense-cored veiscle". The occurrence of the
      particles showed a marked dependence on the developmental stage of the embryo. A
      small percentage of 1 blastomere embryos in both strains showed the presence of a
      small number of A particles. Embryos of 1 to 16 blastomeres of the AKR strain
      with A particles were on average more frequent than in the BALB/c strain. The
      percentage of 7 and 14 day embryos with C particles was much greater in AKR than
      in Balb/c mice.

PMID- 159112
TI  - [Cytological and cytochemical effects of a liver extract from an adult rat on
      chick embryo hepatocytes and fibroblasts cultivated in vitro].
AB  - The effects of an extract from adult liver on chick embryo hepatocytes and
      fibroblasts cultivated in vitro are studied with cytological and quantitative
      cytochemical methods. This substance inhibits the multiplication of hepatocytes
      adn prevents these cells from entering into the S phase of the cycle. No effect
      is observed on the chick embryo fibroblasts. Not any morphological alterations
      are observed in the two cell types.

PMID- 159113
TI  - [Effects of muscular exercise on blood calcium, calcium clearance and parathyroid
      hormone secretion].

PMID- 159114
TI  - [Arachidonic acid activation of the rat cardiovascular system].
AB  - The hypotensive activity of arachidonic acid is more important by intraaortic
      than by intravenous injection, in the rat. The evisceration of the animal
      abolishes this difference and reduces the activity of arachidonic acid. This
      action is not accompanied by thrombopenia and is only observed with high doses of
      arachidonic acid in this species. The hypotensive activity is inhibited by
      indomethacin but not by tranylcypromine.

PMID- 159115
TI  - Treatment of unilateral iliac artery disease by femorofemoral bypass grafting.
AB  - Between Jan. 1, 1970 and June 30, 1977, 50 men and 23 women underwent
      femorofemoral bypass grafting. The average age of the group was 64.7 years. The
      procedure was performed for disabling claudication in 50 patients and for limb
      threatening ischemia in 23. Knitted Dacron grafts were used in all but two
      patients. The operative mortality was 4.1% and the late mortality 21.9%. There
      were six complications related to the prostheses, three infected grafts and three
      false aneurysms. Thrombosis of the graft occurred in 15 patients; the graft was
      successfully revised in 2. The cumulative 5-year patency rate determined by life
      table methods was 73.4%. The causes of failure appeared to be well defined and
      unilateral iliac artery disease. The donor iliac artery, poor runoff through a
      diseases deep femoral artery on the recipient side and infection of the graft.
      This study indicates that femoro-femoral bypass has a definite place in the
      management of patients with unilateral iliac artery disease. The procedure can be
      performed on selected patients with a low operative mortality and an acceptable
      patency rate.

PMID- 159116
TI  - Knitted Dacron ultra-lightweight grafts--a warning.
AB  - A 61-year-old man presented with gross femoral and abdominal pulsation secondary
      to severe ectasia of an ultra-lightweight Dacron graft. All patients who have
      received this particular graft should be followed up closely and probably the
      graft should be replaced if progressive enlargement occurs.

PMID- 159117
TI  - Horseriding catching on as a therapy for the disabled.

PMID- 159120
TI  - Studies of mixed lymphocyte reactions, surface B cell antigens, and
      intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins in "null cell" acute lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Lymphoblasts from "null cell" acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were analyzed for
      the pattern of proliferation displayed in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), the
      presence of a B cell surface antigen, and for the presence of intracytoplasmic
      immunoglobulin (ICIg). "Null cell" ALL was defined by cytologic and cytochemical
      criteria and by the absence of spontaneous rosette formation and surface membrane
      immunoglobulin in cell suspensions of the malignant lymphocytes. In eleven of
      fourteen patients the proliferative characteristics of lymphoblasts in the MLR
      were similar to those observed with normal B enriched lymphocytes. In eleven
      cases studied, anti-B cell serum reacted with a majority of the lymphoblasts.
      None of the ten cases examined displayed ICIg in the lymphoblasts. We conclude
      that the "null" lymphoblast from most cases of ALL is a B cell in an early stage
      of development.

PMID- 159119
TI  - Neocarzinostatin: a phase I clinical trial with five-day intermittent and
      continuous infusions.
AB  - Neocarzinostatin, a polypeptide antibiotic, was administered by both continuous
      and intermittent intravenous infusion to 76 patients with a variety of malignant
      diseases. Doses ranged from 500 to 6500 units/m2 X 5 days. With levels greater
      than or equal to 1800 units/m2, bone marrow suppression (particularly
      thrombocytopenia) was the dose-limiting toxicity. Delayed bone marrow recovery
      was less dose-dependent and occurred in 58% of initial treatment courses in solid
      tumor patients. Allergic reactions were more frequent with intermittent than with
      continuous infusions (20% vs. 2% of courses). No complete or partial remissions
      were observed among solid tumor patients although clinical improvement was noted
      in one patient with mycosis fungoides and one patient with multiple myeloma. One
      complete and two partial remissions were noted among 21 patients with acute
      leukemia. There was one complete remission in a patient with chronic leukemia.
      Leukemic patients on intermittent therapy evidenced greater change in bone marrow
      cellularity than those treated by continuous infusion. Although neocarzinostatin
      has some activity in the treatment of acute leukemia, continuous infusion offers
      no advantage over intermittent therapy.

PMID- 159118
TI  - A rational approach to dementia.
AB  - Dementia is a common problem facing all medical practitioners and it frequently
      results in hospitalization and death. This review provides a framework for
      dealing with dementia in clinical practice that is based on both traditional
      concepts and recent advances in the understanding of the problem. Distinguishing
      at the bedside between dementia and other disorders of intellect is emphasized.
      The main causes of dementia and their clinical characteristics are reviewed and a
      rational approach to definitive diagnosis is developed. Simple, effective
      symptomatic forms of therapy are described.

PMID- 159121
TI  - T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - We recently observed a unique case of T-cell type chronic lymphocytic leukemia,
      documented by cell surface marker analyses. Immunologic tests at the time of
      diagnosis were as follows: 1) skin tests were negative; 2) in vitro lymphocyte
      responses to antigens or pokeweed mitogen were absent; 3) in vitro lymphocyte
      responses to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin-A or allogeneic cells were low but
      significant; and 4) stimulating capacity of leukemic T cells were absent.
      Chromosomal analysis of bone marrow showed a pattern of 45 chromosomes with a
      marker chromosome. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity was very low.
      Patient responded extremely well to COP (cyclophosphamide-oncovin-prednisone)
      therapy. Patient died of recurrent transitional cell carcinoma while his leukemia
      was in complete remission, approximately 20 months after the diagnosis of T-cell
      CLL.

PMID- 159122
TI  - Diagnosis: Down's syndrome.

PMID- 159123
TI  - The nurse in the community: infant stimulation.

PMID- 159124
TI  - Concanavalin A-inducible suppressor cells in regional lymph nodes of cancer
      patients.
AB  - Regional tumor-draining lymph nodes of 11 of 14 patients with urological tumors
      and one of four controls studied contained suppressor cell precursors that could
      be activated by concanavalin A (Con A) to suppress the proliferative response of
      autologous lymphocytes to Con A. In contrast, no suppression of lymphocyte
      proliferation by lymph node cells that were not activated with Con A was observed
      in four patients tested. The suppressive effect was not due to decreased
      viability or increased release of cold thymidine by Con A-activated cells nor to
      alteration in the time course of the proliferative response of Con A-activated
      cells. Mitomycin C treatment of lymph node cells 24 hr after activation did not
      abrogate their suppressive activity. Peak suppression was observed after 72 hr in
      culture. The amount of suppression measured could be maximized by treatment of
      suppressor cells with mitomycin C 24 hr after activation and by washing the cells
      immediately before pulse labeling with tritiated thymidine. The concentration of
      Con A required to produce peak suppression varied from patient to patient with
      optimal doses ranging from 5 to 25 microgram/ml.

PMID- 159125
TI  - Inhibition of ligand-independent cap formation of mouse lymphocytes and Raji
      cells by neocarzinostatin.

PMID- 159126
TI  - Suppression of proliferative response and lymphokine production during the
      progression of a spontaneous tumor.

PMID- 159127
TI  - Platinate toxicity: past, present, and prospects.
AB  - Using traditional toxicologic methods, four species were studied for their
      qualitative and quantitative predictiveness of the toxic effects of cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in man. Of the four species studied, mouse, monkey,
      rat, and dog, the latter two gave the best overall results. Using an in vivo rat
      model, it was found that except for chloroplatinic acid, eight of the tested
      analogs were less nephrotoxic than the parent drug, cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). The in vitro renal toxicity screen using flounder
      tubules showed that of the 26 compounds studied, about half were less toxic than
      the parent compound. This in vitro mini-tox system can be performed about 30
      times faster and at one fiftieth the cost of the in vivo model. The in vitro
      studies also provided evidence that the biochemical site of toxicity of
      platihates is on ATPases. The latter studies suggested a basis for unifying the
      mechanistic interpretation of the toxic actions on such disparate target organs
      as the kidney, nerve, stomach, and inner ear.

PMID- 159128
TI  - Classification of congenital heart disease in the adult.

PMID- 159129
TI  - Enzyme histochemistry of periodontal pathogenesis in the rice rat (Oryzomys
      palustris).

PMID- 159130
TI  - Interaction of int protein with specific sites on lambda att DNA.
AB  - We have studied the interaction of highly purified Int protein with DNA
      restriction fragments from the lambda phage attachment site (attP) region. Two
      different DNA sequences are protected by bound Int protein against partial
      digestion by either pancreatic DNAase or neocarzinostatin. One Int binding site
      includes the 15 bp common core sequence (the crossover region for site-specific
      recombination) plus several bases of sequence adjoining the core in both the P
      and P' arms. The second Int-protected site occurs 70 bp to the right of the
      common core in the P' arm, just at the distal end of the sequence encoding Int
      protein. The two Int binding sites are of comparable size, 30-35 bp, but do not
      share any extensive sequence homology. The interaction of Int with the two sites
      is distinctly different, as defined by the observation that only the site in the
      P' arm and not the site at the common core region is protected by Int in the face
      of challenge by the polyanion heparin. Restriction fragments containing DNA from
      the bacterial attachment site (attB) region exhibit a different pattern of
      interaction with Int. In the absence of heparin, a smaller (15 bp) sequence,
      which includes the left half of the common core region and the common core-B arm
      juncture, is protected against nuclease digestion by Int protein. No sequences
      from this region are protected by Int in the presence of heparin.

PMID- 159131
TI  - [Intestinal antibodies against lipopolysaccharide antigens of NAG vibrio in
      rabbits immunized by the oral route (author's transl)].

PMID- 159132
TI  - [Epidemic of salmonelloses in the South Moravian Region (author's transl)].

PMID- 159133
TI  - [Prevalence of HBsAg and anti HBs in patients and staff of the mental hospital
      for children in Oparany (author's transl)].

PMID- 159134
TI  - [Isolation of Salmonellae from humans in the South Moravian Region during the 15
      year period (1962--1976) (author's transl)].

PMID- 159136
TI  - [Occurrence and spreading of hepatitis B virus according to its immunochemical
      markers (author's transl)].

PMID- 159135
TI  - [Incidence of antibodies against influenza viruses A/Victoria 3/75 (H3 N2) and A-
      swine (Hsw1 N1) in large pig farms and attendants of pigs in the North Moravian
      Region (author's transl)].

PMID- 159137
TI  - Electron microscopic autoradiography and cytochemistry of sulfated
      mucopolysaccharides in developing bone and cartilage of young cats.

PMID- 159138
TI  - [Demonstration of a soluble factor capable of inhibiting allogenic lymphocyte
      proliferation in man].
AB  - During the secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), i.e. after the double in
      vitro allogenic sensitization between responding and stimulating cells bearing at
      least one HLA-DR incompatibility, suppressor cells are developed [1]. They are
      able to inhibit a primary MLR provided that the stimulating cells possess the
      same DR incompatibility as the immunizing cells. We report here that this
      inhibition is due to the production by these cells of a soluble suppressor factor
      which acts on responding cells provided that they share at least one gene product
      of the HLA-D region with the cells producing the factor. This a feedback process
      of auto-inhibition occurring after hyperimmunization. The action of this
      suppressor factor seems to be genetically restricted to an as yet unknown locus
      in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR.

PMID- 159139
TI  - Visual problems in the handicapped child.
AB  - The importance of carrying out a preliminary examination of vision and eye
      movements in all handicapped is stressed. In any case of doubt a full
      ophthalmological and orthoptic examination is essential and is best carried out
      in the congenial environs of a District Handicap Centre. Eight hundred and ninety
      three children with a wide variety of handicaps were seen at the Leeds Regional
      Child Assessment Centre between 1972 and 1977, and 324 were found to have a
      visual or visuomotor defect. The types of defects are discussed under headings
      which describe the main handicap.

PMID- 159140
TI  - Assessing and facilitating play in handicapped children.
AB  - The importance of using the play period in an educational curriculum to promote
      social and cognitive growth is discussed, especially as it pertains to
      handicapped children. Facilitation and stimulation of play at the child's current
      level of functioning is advocated. A sample play programme is discussed as an
      illustration of how problems in planning can be handled. A list of decision
      points and important factors to consider in planning for play is then provided.

PMID- 159141
TI  - Profile: the voluntary council for handicapped children.
AB  - The Voluntary Council for Handicapped Children is an independently elected
      Council, established under the aegis of the National Children's Bureau in 1975.
      The Council arose from a recommendation in the Eileen Younghusband Working
      Party's report, Living with Handicap, in 1970. This major report draws attention
      to the gaps, overlaps and general lack of co-ordination and information about
      services for handicapped children. It recommended the creation of a genuinely
      multidisciplinary council to provide a forum for joint discussion and action, to
      offer a comprehensive advisory and information service covering all aspects of
      childhood disability. The Voluntary Council for Handicapped Children is unique in
      providing a comprehensive service for all categories of handicap, and for
      statutory and voluntary agencies. Parents and professionals can use the Council
      as a resource centre on an individual basis, although casework cannot be
      provided. The role of the Council is essentially that of a signpost to existing
      resources. It is, in effect, an advisory body collecting, evaluating and
      disseminating information, promoting study and discussion by organizations and
      individuals and seeking to identify gaps in present services.

PMID- 159142
TI  - The cardiac hypertrophy process. Analyses of factors determining pathological vs.
      physiological development.

PMID- 159143
TI  - Diminished inotropic responses but unaltered toxicity to acetylstrophanthidin in
      the senescent beagle.

PMID- 159144
TI  - Extensive cicatrical alopecia following scalp vein infusion.

PMID- 159145
TI  - Severe erythema multiforme complicated by fatal gastrointestinal involvement
      following co-trimoxazole therapy.

PMID- 159146
TI  - T cell-mediated immune responses of lupus-prone BXSB mice and other murine
      strains.
AB  - Cellular-mediated immunity in the newly described BXSB strain of mice, which is
      prone to autoimmune disease, has been compared with that of two other strains,
      C57Bl/6 and 129/J. Quantificaiton of cytotoxic T cell responses to alloantigens
      and viruses (lymphocytic choriomeningitis and vaccinia virus) showed no
      difference in the kinetics of appearance and relative activity of cytotoxic T
      cells per spleen between the young and old BXSB and the control mice. The T cell
      dependent primary footpad swelling after local injection with lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus was within the same range for all strains tested with
      respect to kinetics, but the size was greater by two-fold in C57Bl/6 mice. The
      susceptibility to systemic infection and subsequent induction of lymphocytes
      immune to Listeria monocytogenes were about equivalent in all strains. However,
      clearance of Listeria by the reticuloendothelial system and early non-immune
      bactericidal activity of the young and old BXSB were significantly lower than in
      the control strains. The results indicate that the cellular-mediated immunity
      (CMI) of BXSB mice compared favourably with that of other strains and that there
      is no apparent differences between CMI of BXSB mice before the onset of disease
      and during the course of disease. The role of the reduced reticuloendothelial
      function of BXSB mice in their autoimmune disease or in their high susceptibility
      to infection remains to be determined.

PMID- 159148
TI  - Suppressor cell function defect in idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 159147
TI  - Depressed primary in vitro antibody response in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - We have studied the primary in vitro antibody response toward a hapten in
      cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes from twenty-two patients suffering from
      regular rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These patients were not receiving
      immunosuppressive drugs or corticosteroids and had not taken Aspirin or non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for at least 72 hr. The control groups
      included thirty-two healthy subjects and twenty-seven control patients. The mean
      anti-TNP response of the RA patients was significantly lower than that of both
      control groups. No pre-existing anti-TNP or IgG response could be detected. A
      search for suppressor cells in co-cultures of RA and normal lymphocytes was
      negative. On the contrary, the extent of allogeneic enhancement in such co
      cultures was comparable to that observed when control lymphocytes were co
      cultured. RA serum added to normal lymphocytes cultures showed a dramatic
      inhibitory effect in only two out of nine cases. A follow-up study has strongly
      suggested that RA lymphocytes could increase their in vitro antibody response
      upon treatment.

PMID- 159149
TI  - IgG subclass, variable H-chain subgroup, and light chain-type composition of
      antineuronal antibody in Huntington's disease and Sydenham's chorea.

PMID- 159150
TI  - The immunopathology of Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Answers are beginning to emerge to the questions posed in the introduction to the
      preceding section. In vitro techniques that allow characterization of malignant
      cells have particular relevance when, as in Hodgkin's disease, the precise
      identity of the cells remains in doubt. Monolayer tissue cultures derived from
      Hodgkin's disease tumours and maintained as established cell lines have proven
      amenable to a variety of cytogenetic, immunological, enzymatic, and
      ultrastructural studies. Tissue culture experiemnts, in conjunction with
      meticulous immunological studies of individual Reed-Sternberg cells from non
      cultured tumours, suggest that neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's disease are related
      to, and possibly derived from, cells of the monocyte-macrophage system. The
      lymphocytes that comprise an integral part of the cellular proliferation and form
      the basis for histological subclassification of the tumour could be a
      manifestation of cell-mediated immunity against this non-lymphoid malignant cell.
      The immunodeficiency of patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease of limited
      anatomical extent is not the primary event of the disorder and probably not
      related to the site at which the aetiological agent acts. The deficit does not
      result solely from impaired T-cell function and appears to arise as a consequence
      of excessive suppressor cell activity. Inhibitory monocyte-lymphocyte
      interactions may be one of the causes of defective cell-mediated immunity in
      Hodgkin's disease. The possible significance of elevated levels of circulating
      immune complexes in the serum of patients with Hodgkin's disease is indicated by
      the finding that such complexes react with cells of long-term monolayer tissue
      cultures derived from the tumour. Circulating immune complexes may be one source
      for intracellular immunoglobulin in non-cultured Hodgkin's disease cells. The
      presence of polyclonal immunoglobulin G on the membrane and within the cytoplasm
      of Reed-Sternberg cells could be due to in vivo binding and ingestion of immune
      complexes by such cells. The specificity of the interaction between soluble
      complement-containing immune complexes and neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's disease
      depends on the nature of the complexed antigen. The complexes could non
      specifically attach via an Fc receptor or, if the complexed antigen is identical
      to a tumour cell antigen, the binding could be specific. If the immune complexes
      are tumour specific they could provide a source for isolation and identification
      of tumour-associated antigens. However, the aetiological significance of antigens
      and putative oncogenic viruses thus far identified in association with Hodgkin's
      disease remains to be clarified.

PMID- 159152
TI  - Pathology of spastic muscle in cerebral palsy.
AB  - The histopathology of muscle in cerebral palsy has not been elucidated because
      correlated morphologic and biochemical data on normal pediatric muscles are
      insufficient to allow adequate correlation of pathologic findings. One hundred
      and eight muscle biopsies were taken during reconstructive operations on 85
      patients. Normal values for pediatric muscles were obtained from a literature
      review and supplemented with our data on normal patients. Fiber sizes are
      normally different for children of different ages. Histochemical staining of
      enzyme systems demonstrate that adenosine triphosphatase staining, pre-incubated
      at pH 9.4, 4.6, AND 4.3 WAS USED FOR FIBer typing and fiber size. Depending on
      the muscle biopsied and the clinical status of the patient, there is a variety of
      patterns of type I and type II fiber atrophy, hypertrophy, and myopathy. In some
      cases, denervation changes are present to suggest nerve entrapment. Correlated
      clinical observations suggest type I fiber predominant muscles do not re-educate
      well when surgically transferred to perform a specified function.

PMID- 159151
TI  - Interdigital clavus: predisposition is the key factor of soft corns.
AB  - The soft corn is defined as an interdigital hyperkeratosis. Footwear contributes
      to interdigital corns when there is a congenital or acquired predisposing factor.
      These predisposing factors cause apposition of particular bony prominences
      between adjacent toes. The congenital factors include a short first metatarsal, a
      short fifth metatarsal, or third and fourth metatarsals of equal length. The
      acquired predisposing factors are hallux valgus and associated abduction, hammer
      deformity, burrowing and curling of the lesser toes. Sixty-five per cent of the
      1,063 interdigital corns studied occurred in the fourth interspace. Seventy per
      cent of the fourth interspace corns occurred between the proximal interphalangeal
      joint of the fourth toe and distal interphalangeal joint of the fifth toe.
      Conservative treatment is recommended for most cases.

PMID- 159153
TI  - [Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, glutamic acid decarboxylase and 1-aromatic
      amino acid decarboxylase in involuntary movement disorders (author's transl)].

PMID- 159154
TI  - Propanil-chloracne and methomyl toxicity in workers of a pesticide manufacturing
      plant.
AB  - In a survey of occupationally acquired disease in workers at a pesticide plant,
      we found that 11 (11%) of 102 workers had been hospitalized for illness related
      to chemical exposures; highest hospitalization rates occurred in packaging (27%),
      production (22%), and maintenance (9%) workers. Commonest causes of
      hospitalization were intoxication by the carbamate pesticide methomyl [1
      (methylthio)ethylideneamino methyl carbamate], a reversible cholinesterase
      inhibitor, and methemoglobinemia following exposure to 3,4-dichloroaniline. On
      clinical evaluation, five (46%) of 11 packaging workers, the group with the
      highest exposure to methomyl, had experienced blurred vision or pupillary
      constriction. Seventeen (61%) of 28 production workers with exposure to
      dichloroaniline and propanil (3'4'-dichloropropionanilide) had chloracne, an acne
      form dermatosis caused by the contaminant tetrachlorazobenzene in propanil and
      dichloroaniline. The chloracnegenic potentials of propanil and dichloroaniline
      were verified by rabbit ear tests. These findings reemphasize the hazards
      inherent in the the manufacture and formulation of pesticides and herbicides.

PMID- 159155
TI  - Detection of environmental depigmenting substances.
AB  - We systematically screened the depigmenting capacity of several phenols,
      catechols and organic antioxidants. Clear-cut depigmentation was achieved with
      monomethyl ether of hydroquinone (MMH) and tertiary butyl catechol (TBC) using
      black guinea pigs and black mice as animal models. A goal was to establish a
      reliable in vivo method to demonstrate or to predict the depigmenting action of
      chemicals on mammalian melanocytes. There was no universal solvent or optimal
      body site, although all tested areas could be depigmented. Irritation induced by
      some vehicles and test materials produced false positive responses. False
      negative responses with known depigmenting chemicals were observed. Utilizing
      these observations, we propose a model for screening medicinal and industrial
      chemicals for depigmenting capacity.

PMID- 159156
TI  - The enzymatic replication of DNA.
AB  - Enzymatic mechanisms of DNA replication have been investigated using small
      bacteriophages as probes to illuminate the cellular systems upon which they must
      rely during infection. Conversion of the circular, single-stranded DNAs of phages
      M13, G4, and phi X174 to their duplex forms has revealed the participation of
      diverse ways to start a new chain and a complex DNA polymerase III holoenzyme
      upon which all these systems depend for chain elongation. The phi X174 system,
      which is the most exacting and revealing of the host chromosomal replication
      pattern, includes at least twenty polypeptides for making the viral DNA into a
      duplex and multiplying the duplex. Resolution and purification of these numerous
      proteins is in train and their reconstitution into a "replisome"-like structure
      is envisioned.

PMID- 159157
TI  - A primer of electrocardiography for pediatricians.

PMID- 159158
TI  - Determination of left ventricular wall thickening in patients with chronic
      systemic hypertension. Correlation of electrocardiography and echocardiography.
AB  - M-mode echocardiography was performed in 81 patients with chronic arterial
      hypertension in order to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the various
      ECG criteria used for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the
      determination of left ventricular wall thickening (LVWT). Fifteen popular ECG
      criteria were studied and showed to be highly specific for LVWT (90 percent to
      100 percent). TV1 greater than TV6, RV8 greater than 20 mm and SV1 + Rmax V5 or
      V6 greater than 35 mm were the most sensitive criteria (69 percent, 54 percent,
      and 52 percent respectively). The popular limb lead criteria for LVH were less
      sensitive than the precordial lead criteria in the determination of LVWT. The
      Estes point system, although less sensitive than some of the other voltage
      criteria, showed an absolute specificity for LVWT. The ST segment deviation with
      strain pattern was found in 46 percent of patients with LVWT. An isolated ST
      segment deviation without any other voltage criterion reflected at most only mild
      wall thickening. Six patients with LVWT had normal ECG; all of them were
      categorized in the mild LVWT group. Left axis deviation was found to be a poor
      indicator of wall thickening in uncomplicated hypertensive patients.

PMID- 159159
TI  - An unusual cause for mitral valve fluttering.
AB  - A 23-year-old patient with patent ductus arteriosus had coarse diastolic
      fluttering of the mitral valve leaflets on the echocardiogram in the absence of
      usual causes.

PMID- 159160
TI  - Pneumopericardium following laparoscopy.
AB  - There have been no published reports of pneumopericardium complicating
      laparoscopy. Following an apparently uncomplicated laparoscopy, a 35-year-old
      woman developed pneumopericardium associated with subcutaneous emphysema of the
      neck. This resolved without specific therapy and without sequelae.

PMID- 159162
TI  - [Leaving the wound open in the repeated surgical treatment of peritonitis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 159161
TI  - [Indications for selective operative procedures in the treatment of post
      operative eventrations of the anterolateral abdominal wall (author's transl)].

PMID- 159163
TI  - [Treatment of severe median abdominal cicatricial eventrations by an aponeurotic
      plastic procedure (author's transl)].

PMID- 159164
TI  - Immunological aberrations in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiencies.

PMID- 159165
TI  - [Erythroderma in adults (apropos of 77 cases in Dakar)].

PMID- 159166
TI  - [Characteristics of the larger life cycle of the yellow autumn crocus on the
      northern edge of its range].

PMID- 159167
TI  - [Electrocardiographic and histomorphological changes in the myocardium of rats
      with Selye's experimental hypertension].
AB  - The authors described electrocardiographic and histomorphological changes in
      white rats with coarctation hypertention, induced by the method of Selye. The
      electrocardiographic changes were manifested as prologation of preauricular
      ventricular conduction time, dislocation of the intermediate part ST to the
      isoelectrical line, low, negative or biphasic T-wave at the initial stages of the
      experiment, but after the thirthieth day there was a pathologic Q-wave, a reduced
      voltage of the steap curves and manifested left type of ECG in the majority of
      the experimental animals. Histomorphological and histochemical study on
      thmyocardium revealed in the beginning of the experiment mainly lesion changes,
      but sign of myocardial hypertrophy and manifested difuse and/or focal myocardial
      fibrosis on the 30th to the 90th day of the experiment.

PMID- 159168
TI  - [Organ cultures of human embryonic and fetal cartilage tissue (histological and
      histochemical studies)].
AB  - The author examined histologically and histochemically the peculiarities of
      tendon tissue of human embryos and fetuses. Inferences were made that under the
      conditions of organ culture for 7 days in the explanted tendon pieces there were
      histological peculiarities, characteristic of the reactions of the embryonal
      tendon tissue in the preparation and of the ossification with formation of "a
      zone of cellular columns". Processes of ossification were not observed which is
      explained by the lack of vascular in the explants. He found a reduced amount of
      acid glycosaminoglycans, an increase of the amount of neutral mucopolysaccharides
      and topographic redistribution of lipids and glycogen contrary to the data,
      observed in the control tissues.

PMID- 159169
TI  - The F. response--a clinically useful physiological parameter for the evaluation
      of radicular injury.

PMID- 159171
TI  - Plasma levels of 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and
      16 alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone in the fetus and neonates.
AB  - Simultaneous determination of unconjugated 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (16
      alphaOH-Preg), 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (16 alphaOH-Prog) and 16 alpha
      hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (16 alphaOH-DHEA) in fetal and neonatal plasma was
      performed utilizing a newly developed radioimmunoassay. In all neonates, the
      three 16 alpha-hydroxysteroid levels were consistently higher in umbilical cord
      plasma than in the maternal peripheral circulation. 16 alpha-OH-Preg in the
      umbilical arterial plasma increased from 11.2 +/- 3.1 at 24 weeks to 29.7 +/-
      12.0 ng/ml at term, 16 alphaOH-Prog from 15.5 +/- 3.2 to 34.3 +/- 11.0 ng/ml and
      16 alphaOH-DHEA from 5.1 +/- 1.2 to 5.9 +/- 1.0 ng/ml. In the anencephalic
      neonates, only 16 alphaOH-Preg showed an increase pattern under ACTH priming. 16
      alpha-OH-Preg levels for normal full term neonates remain relatively constant at
      the first 24 hr and show a slight decrease at 3 days post partum. In small full
      term neonates, 16 alphaOH-Preg levels in umbilical arterial plasma are
      considerably higher than in normal neonates and remain at roughly equivalent
      levels for the first 5 days post partum. 16 alphaOH-Prog and 16 alphaOH-DHEA
      levels in umbilical arterial plasma in normal and small full term neonates are
      almost equal and both groups show a rapid decrease during the first 24 hr.
      Comparison with findings of the three 16 alpha-hydroxysteroids in fetal and
      neonatal plasma is discussed.

PMID- 159170
TI  - Evidence for divergent glucose effects on calcium metabolism in pancreatic beta-
      and alpha 2-cells.
AB  - Elucidation of the role of Ca2+ in the secretion of insulin and glucagon is
      complicated by the presence of different types of cells in the pancreatic islets.
      Visualization of calcium in sections of guinea pig pancreas with the
      histochemical reagent glyoxal bis-2-hydroxyanil revealed the most intense
      staining in the endocrine part but no differences between various islet cell
      types. A procedure for eliminating the majority of the beta-cells by
      streptozotocin injection in the guinea pig enabled a comparison of collagenase
      isolated islets rich in alpha 2-cells with islets from untreated animals rich in
      beta-cells. The latter islets contained 24.6 +/- 2.4 mmol calcium/kg dry wt, as
      estimated by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. This is twice as much
      as noted for the exocrine pancreas or the islets rich in alpha 2-cells. After
      storage for 3 days in culture medium, the two types of islets contained similar
      amounts of calcium. The cultured islets displayed differences related to cellular
      composition when measuring the incorporation of 45Ca into a lanthanum
      nondisplaceable (intracellular) pool. In the presence of 3 mM glucose, more 45Ca
      was incorporated into the islets rich in alpha 2-cells. Increasing the glucose
      concentration to 20 mM with or without further addition of 30 U/liter bovine
      insulin was without effect on the 45Ca uptake into the islets rich in alpha 2
      cells but stimulated that into islets rich in beta-cells. The different calcium
      dependence on glucose in the two types of islets may indicate that increased
      uptake of Ca2+ is a component of the mechanism for the secretion of both insulin
      and glucagon.

PMID- 159172
TI  - Clustering of chromosomal aneuploidy and tracing of nondisjunction in man.
AB  - Chromosomal aneuploidy is the most frequent genetic damage observed in newborn
      children and originates as a rule from nondisjunction during maternal or paternal
      germ cell development. The error of chromosome segregation could be allocated in
      the past--at least in cases of 47,XXY--to maternal meiosis I (50%) or meiosis II
      (10%) and to paternal meiosis I (40%). Recent cytological improvements with
      various banding techniques enabled a further study on the origin of
      nondisjunction. Summarizing the published data one can argue that errors in
      Downs' syndrome are most often due to cleavage errors during maternal meiosis I.
      Approximately 70% of errors occur in oogenesis and only 30% in spermatogenesis.
      Maternal meiosis I seems also to be involved in most cases of fetal trisomy 16.
      Such a preferential missegregation of chromosomes offers the possibility of
      studying more closely the very mechanisms of nondisjunction in mammalian meiosis
      and early cleavages.

PMID- 159173
TI  - Down's syndrome and maternal age in British Columbia, 1972--75.
AB  - The occurrence of Down's syndrome in British Columbia during the period 1972-75
      is analyzed with respect to maternal age distribution. This period is compared
      with previously studied periods. No marked trends are evident in the various age
      group-specific rates studied. The significance of these findings is discussed in
      connection with a possible role of environmental nutagens in induction of Down's
      syndrome and the maternal age effect.

PMID- 159174
TI  - Cell-free synthesis of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier protein of Neurospora
      crassa.
AB  - ADP/ATP carrier protein was synthesized in heterologous cell-free systems
      programmed with Neurospora poly(A)-containing RNA and homologous cell-free
      systems from Neurospora. The apparent molecular weight of the product obtained in
      vitro was the same as that of the authentic mitochondrial protein. The primary
      translation product obtained in reticulocyte lysates starts with formylmethionine
      when formylated initiator methionyl-tRNA (fMet-tRNAfMet) was present. The product
      synthesized in vitro was released from the ribosomes into the postribosomal
      supernatant. The evidence presented indicates that the ADP/ATP carrier is
      synthesized as a polypeptide with the same molecular weight as the mature
      monomeric protein and does not carry an additional sequence.

PMID- 159175
TI  - An electrophoretic study of native myosin isozymes and of their subunit content.
AB  - Myosin polymorphism in muscles has been studied by a variety of electrophoretic
      techniques, in non-dissociating and in dissociating conditions. The analysis of
      myosin isozymes in the native state was achieved in pyrophosphate buffer and
      required only minute amounts of protein; identical results were obtained with
      purified or crudely extracted myosin. The determination of the subunit content of
      each isozyme was done in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate or urea for
      light chain, and in a phenol, acetic acid and urea system for heavy chain
      screening. Electrophoresis in non-dissociating conditions has led to the
      separation of up to a dozen of myosin isozymes, differing in mobilities by as
      much as 30%. Muscle specificity of myosin was clearly established. Apart from a
      few exceptions, all the muscles tested were shown to contain more than one myosin
      species; fast-twitch muscles for instance all contained the same three isozymes,
      but in variable ratios. Class specificity of myosin appeared related to the
      relative proportions of isozymes in a given muscle. A second electrophoresis in
      dissociating solvents of the myosin bands first resolved in pyrophosphate buffer
      has then allowed a further characterization of the various isozymes. The
      differences in mobilities observed in the native state were shown to come either
      from the light chains, or from the heavy chains, or from both. The first case was
      illustrated by the three species present in fast muscles, which were shown to
      correspond to three alkali light-chain isozymes, the heterodimer representing in
      some instances up to 40% of the total. Next to light-chain muscle type
      specificity, electrophoresis in the phenol, acetic acid, urea system has led to
      the detection of differences in the heavy chains of fast, slow and cardiac
      myosins. The application of these various electrophoretic techniques to the
      analysis of the modification of myosin isozymes during development or in
      pathology studies can be considered.

PMID- 159177
TI  - Program evaluation and the Education for All Handicapped Children Act.

PMID- 159176
TI  - Studies on the actin activation of myosin subfragment-1 isoezymes and the role of
      myosin light chains.

PMID- 159178
TI  - Options and alternatives: policy decisions yet to be made.

PMID- 159179
TI  - The role of Council of Administrators of Special Education.

PMID- 159180
TI  - Heart muscle disease among adult Nigerians: role of nutritional factors in its
      aetiology.
AB  - A study of 44 Nigerians with heart muscle disease defined as congestive cardiac
      failure and cardiac enlargement of unknown cause with a presenting diastolic
      blood pressure of not more than 100 mm Hg has shown 20 were alcoholics. 12 of
      these belonged to the high socioeconomic class. 17 were thiamine deficient; 11 of
      these consumed alcohol excessively and 8 of the 11 belonged to the high
      socioeconomic class. Only 3 alcoholics were identified in 52 controls. None of
      the 3 patients was thiamine deficient but 10 others were. Only 1 patient with
      heart muscle disease had a reversible high output cardiac failure. The mean serum
      albumin of the patients with heart muscle disease was significantly lower than
      controls. There was no significant difference between the mean levels of serum
      potassium in the study group and controls. It is concluded that chronic
      alcoholism is not rare among Nigerians with heart muscle disease. Although there
      is no convincing evidence to show that malnutrition or thiamine deficiency could
      in themselves cause the chronic myocardial failure seen in heart muscle disease,
      they could be conditioning factors which increase the susceptibility of the heart
      to other injurious agents.

PMID- 159181
TI  - Evaluation of left ventricular performance in aortic stenosis, aortic
      regurgitation and mitral regurgitation from the stroke work/left ventricular mass
      ratio.
AB  - Evaluation of left ventricular performance in aortic stenosis, aortic
      regurgitation and mitral regurgitation from the stroke work/left ventricular mass
      ratio. Europ. J. Cardiol., 10/4, 279--294. 132 patients with a pure valvular
      dysfunction affecting a single orifice, namely aortic stenosis, aortic or mitral
      regurgitation, were studied. All patients, including 20 control subjects,
      underwent hemodynamic examination of both right and left heart chambers including
      left cineangiography. Using the stroke work index/myocardial mass ratio
      (SWI/MLV), for which the limits in normal subjects are narrow (0.81 +/- 0.03 . g
      1) it was possible to divide these patients into three groups: Group I (SWI/MLV
      greater than 0.87 gm . g-1) characterized by a proportionately greater increase
      in stroke work index than myocardial mass (hyperfunctioning ventricle). Group II
      (0.87 gm . g-1 greater than or equal to SWI/MLV greater than or equal to 0.75 gm
      . g-1) characterized by a parallel increase in stroke work index and myocardial
      mass (normally functioning ventricle). Group III (SWI/MLV less than 0.75 gm . g
      1) for which the increase in myocardial mass was proportionately greater than
      that of the stroke work index (hypofunctioning ventricle). As one progresses from
      group I to III, there is a concomitant fall in ventricular function with
      decreased mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF), ejection
      fraction (EF) and increased enddiastolic volume (EDV) together with the
      hypertrophy of the left ventricle during the last stage. We conclude that the
      SWI/MLV ratio is an easy to calculate index, independent of the unerlying
      dysfunction, which evaluates left ventricular function by taking into account the
      myocardial mass.

PMID- 159182
TI  - Assessment of a combination of doses of fenoterol and ipratropium suitable for a
      single metered-dose aerosol.
AB  - This paper reports a study of the bronchodilator effects of doses of the beta 2
      agonist fenoterol and the muscarinic blocker ipratropium suitable for
      administering in combination as a standard dose of two discharges from a single
      metered-dose pressurised aerosol. In 12 middle-aged bronchitics who had already
      been shown to respond to both types of drug the combination was almost always a
      little (6% on average) more effective than either drug singly. It is possible
      that an equal or better effect could have been obtained if fenoterol or perhaps
      ipratropium had been given alone in an individually determined maximally
      effective dose.

PMID- 159183
TI  - Suppressor cells and immunodeficiency in (NZB x NZW)F1 hybrid mice.
AB  - Old (15-20 month) male (NZB x NZW)F1 (B/W) mice have severely impaired spleen
      cell reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), a mitogen which stimulates mainly T
      lymphocytes. Spleen cells from old mice markedly suppressed the PHA response of
      splenocytes from young (3-4 month) B/W males. Similar suppressor activity was not
      present in the spleens of old mice of four nonautoimmune strains. The suppressor
      activity of old B/W spleen cells was mediated by a nonphagocytic, radioresistant,
      mononuclear leukocyte. Although this cell was eluted in the "T lymphocyte"
      fraction of nylon wool colums, it was not sensitive to treatment with anti-Thy-1
      antiserum and complement. Suppressor activity was lost after 18 h incubation at
      37 degrees C in tissue culture medium. Supernatants of these overnight cultures
      had no suppressive effect on fresh young B/W spleen cells. Old B/W spleen cells
      suppressed PHA reactivity more than concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide
      reactivity. Kinetic studies demonstrated an increasing suppression with time over
      72 h of culture. This study demonstrate that the severely impaired PHA reactivity
      of old B/W mice is mediated, at least in part, by active suppression.

PMID- 159184
TI  - Ontogeny of cells involved in the suppressor circuit of the immune response.
AB  - Some macrophage (M phi) cell surface structures which bind T cell-derived factors
      remain intact after the M phi are killed by heating at 56 degrees C (but not 72
      degrees C) for 45 min. As a result, appropriately killed M phi (HK M phi) can act
      as competitive antagonists for those M phi functions which are involved in
      binding and active presentation of T cell-derived regulatory signals. By blocking
      the transmission of these signals with HK M phi, we have found that the spleens
      of newborn mice contain considerable numbers of "latent" helper cells whose
      activity is not ordinarily seen because it is overridden by suppressor
      mechanisms. Similarities between these neonatal helper cells and a subset of
      adult T helper "inducer" cells (cell surface phenotype Ly-1+; Ly-2-, 3-; IJ+; Qa
      1+), whose activity appears in significant numbers only after immunization, are
      described.

PMID- 159185
TI  - Studies on T lymphocyte activation II. The target cells for concanavalin A
      induced growth factors.
AB  - Growth factors contained in Con A(concanavalin A)-conditioned media (CM) maintain
      exponential growth in T cell blasts derived from mitogen stimulation of spleen
      cells with Con A, phytohemagglutinin, lentil lectin and pokeweed mitogen (PWM),
      as well as from mixed lymphocyte reactions to H-2D or I-C-encoded determinants
      and from non-H-2 Mls locus-controlled reactions. Such growth factors are strictly
      T cell blast-specific, inasmuch as they do not stimulate resting, small T or B
      lymphocytes nor B cell blasts generated by lipopolysaccharide or lipoprotein
      activation. The responsiveness of T cell blasts to CM appears to be the result of
      the availability on the cell surface of an acceptor site for growth factors which
      is not expressed in resting cells, because T cell blasts, but not small spleen
      cells, absorb out the growth-promoting activity contained in CM. Furthermore,
      lectins such as Con A and PWM interfere with the blast surface membrane in such a
      way that they inhibit the response to growth factors. Finally, there is no
      detectable allotypic or isotypic restriction in the activity of Con A-CM on a
      variety of target T cell blasts.

PMID- 159187
TI  - Characterization of a secretory vesicle-rich fraction from lactating bovine
      mammary gland.

PMID- 159186
TI  - Specific binding of radiolabeled membrane vesicles by T cells activated in the
      mixed lymphocyte reaction.

PMID- 159188
TI  - Mg2+-ATPase defective mutant of Escherichia coli and thiamine transport.
AB  - Mg2+-ATPase deficient mutant of Escherichia coli showed an evident dependency of
      thiamine uptake on the oxidative metabolism of glucose, whereas the parent strain
      did not. In both cells, this uptake was completely inhibited by H+ conductors.

PMID- 159189
TI  - Differences in atrial and ventricular myosin light chain LC1.

PMID- 159190
TI  - Structural relationship of myosin isoenyzmes: proteolytic digestion patterns of
      heavy chain components from fast muscles, and comparison with other muscle types.

PMID- 159191
TI  - Purification and some optical characteristics of flagellar ATPase dynein I from
      sea urchin sperm.

PMID- 159192
TI  - Biological energy production in the apparent absence of electron transport and
      substrate level phosphorylation.

PMID- 159193
TI  - Arrhenius discontinuities of Ca2+-ATPase activity are unrelated to changes in
      membrane lipid fluidity of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 159194
TI  - Combined laparoscopy and minilaparotomy in the management of unruptured tubal
      pregnancy: a preliminary report.
AB  - Following laparoscopic diagnosis of unruptured tubal pregnancy, six patients
      underwent partial salpingectomy using a minilaprotomy technique. None of the
      patients had any complications resulting from the surgery. Four were discharged
      within 48 hours of surgery and the others on the 3rd postoperative day. When an
      ectopic pregnancy has been diagnosed before rupture the technique seems
      preferable, as it entails a less extensive hospital stay than does conventional
      laparotomy. The smaller incision is more comfortable and is cosmetically
      acceptable. The technique is relatively easy to use, and it is hoped that the
      minimal invasion of the peritoneal cavity will have a less deleterious effect on
      future fertility.

PMID- 159195
TI  - Induction of suppressor cell mechanism in antilymphocyte serum-induced skin
      allograft tolerance in mice.
AB  - In the B10.D2 leads to B10.D2(M504) strain combination (H-2D incompatibility), 20
      -40% of skin allografts survive for more than 100 days in ALS-treated recipients.
      Allograft tolerance in ALS-treated recipients could not be abolished by
      adoptively transferred normal or immune syngeneic spleen cells, but it could be
      adoptively transferred by spleen or lymph node cells to sublethally irradiated
      syngeneic mice. The suppressive activity of transferred cell population markedly
      declined after treatment with anti Thy-1.2 serum and complement. Cells with
      suppressor activity could be demonstrated by adoptive transfers as early as 5
      days after skin grafting and ALS treatment. The results showed that the long-term
      allograft-promoting effect of ALS was caused not only by a decrease in the graft
      rejection cell potential of the recipients (as demonstrated by other authors
      earlier) but also by the activation of a T cell-mediated suppressor mechanism.

PMID- 159196
TI  - The effect of cadmium chloride on sex-steroidogenesis in the pigeon, Columba
      livia.

PMID- 159198
TI  - [Recent trend in pedodontics in the United States].

PMID- 159197
TI  - [In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with allogeneic lymphocytes
      or phytomitogens in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The lymphocyte transformation response to the allogeneic lymphocytes (mixed
      lymphocyte culture, MLC) was determined in nineteen well-controlled insulin
      dependent diabetics (IDD) and nineteen matched normal subjects. All possible
      combinations between lymphocytes from the patients and controls were mixed in
      both one-way and two-way MLC. From the results of one-way MLC, the stimulatory
      capacity (SC) and responding capacity (RC) of IDD lymphocytes were compared with
      those of normal lymphocytes as follows: (1) Nm leads to N: 10,538 +/- 3,937 N;
      normal lymphocytes (2) Nm leads to D: 8;466 +/- 5,387 D; IDD lymphocytes (3) Dm
      leads to N: 7,562 +/- 3,088 m; mitomycin-treated stimulating lymphocytes (4) Dm
      leads to D: 7,102 +/- 4,873 (leads to; stimulatory direction, results; M +/- SD
      cpm) IDD lymphocytes showed a marked depressive function as stimulators (SC, (1) 
      - (3)), but the RC of IDD lymphocytes was unchanged ((1) -- (2)). Phytomitogen
      response was studied simultaneously for the same responding lymphocytes (N, D) of
      MLC. IDD lymphocytes exhibited significantly decreased responses to
      phytohemagglutinin P, pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A.

PMID- 159199
TI  - Relationship between rabbit erythrocyte membrane anion-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase and
      (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase.

PMID- 159200
TI  - [Subacute myelo-optic-neuropathy during treatment with chloro-iodo
      hydroxyquinoleine (author's transl)].

PMID- 159201
TI  - Peripheral utilization of a glucose load after alloxan and streptozotocin in the
      rat and chicken: a comparison.

PMID- 159202
TI  - The intercellular distribution of mutations induced in oocytes of Drosophila
      melanogaster by chemical and physical mutagens.
AB  - When females of Drosophila melanogaster are treated with chemical or physical
      mutagens, not only in one but also in both of the two homologous X chromosomes of
      a given oocyte, a recessive sex-linked lethal mutation may be induced. A method
      is described that discriminates between such "single" and "double mutations". A
      theory is developed to show how a comparison between the expected and the
      observed frequency of double mutations yields an indication of the intercellular
      distribution (random or nonrandom) of recessive lethal mutations induced by
      mutagenic agents in oocytes and, consequently, of the distribution (homogeneous
      or nonhomogeneous) of those agents.--Three agents were tested: FUdR (12.5, 50.5
      and 81.0 micrograms/ml), mitomycin C (130.0 micrograms/ml) and X rays (2000 R,
      150 kV). After FUdR feeding, no increase in the mutation frequency usually
      observed in D. melanogaster without mutagenic treatment was obtained (u = 0.13%,
      namely three single mutations among 2332 chromosomes tested). After mitomycin C
      feeding, 104 single and three double mutations were obtained. All of the 50
      mutations observed after X irradiation were single mutations. The results
      obtained in the mitomycin C and radiation experiments favor the assumption of a
      random intercellular distribution of recessive lethal mutations induced by these
      two agents in oocytes of D. melanogaster. Reasons are discussed why for other
      types of mutagenic agents nonrandom distributions may be observed with our
      technique.

PMID- 159203
TI  - Organization of the qa gene cluster in Neurospora crassa: direction of
      transcription of the qa-3 gene.
AB  - In Neurospora crassa, the enzyme quinate (shikimate) dehydrogenase catalyzes the
      first reaction in the inducible quinic acid catabolic pathway and is encoded in
      the qa-3 gene of the qa cluster. In this cluster, the order of genes has been
      established as qa-1 qa-3 qa-4 qa-2. Amino-terminal sequences have been determined
      for purified quinate dehydrogenase from wild type and from UV-induced revertants
      in two different qa-3 mutants. These two mutants (M16 and M45) map at opposite
      ends of the qa-3 locus. In addition, mapping data (Caseet al. 1978) indicate that
      the end of the qa-3 gene specified by M45 is closer to the adjacent qa-1 gene
      than is the end specified by the M16 mutant site. In one of the revertants (R45
      from qa-3 mutant M45), the aminoterminal sequence for the first ten amino acids
      is identical to that of wild type. The other revertant (R1 from qa-3 mutant M16)
      differs from wild type at the amino-terminal end by a single altered residue at
      position three in the sequence. The observed change involves the substitution of
      an isoleucine in M16-R1 for a proline in wild type. This substitution requires a
      two-nucleotide change in the corresponding wild-type codon.--The combined genetic
      and biochemical data indicate that the qa-3 mutants M16 and M45 carry amino acid
      substitutions near the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the quinate
      dehydrogenase enzyme, respectively. On this basis we conclude that transcription
      of the qa-3 gene proceeds from the end specified by the M16 mutant site in the
      direction of the qa-1 gene. It appears probable that transcription is initiated
      from a promoter site within the qa cluster, possibly immediately adjacent to the
      qa-3 gene.

PMID- 159204
TI  - [Characteristics of bacteriophage lambda and P1 modification-restriction in
      Escherichia coli strains controlled by factor R124].
AB  - The specifities of restriction of bacteriophages P1 and lambda controlled by R
      plasmids in Escherichia coli have been investigated. The isogenic strains
      harbouring the plasmids pAS26 coding for restriction endonuclease R.EcoRI, R245
      coding for restriction endonuclease R.EcoRII and and R124 have been investigated
      in the present work. Modification-restriction controlled by R124 has been found
      to differ in specificity from those controlled by R245 and pAS26. Frequencies of
      restriction of bacteriophages P1vir and lambdavir specified by R124 pasmid differ
      from the frequencies in the strains harbouring pAS26 and R245 plasmids as well.
      The difference is due to the specifity of restriction-modification controlled by
      R124 plasmid. The data obtained are consistent with the determination of R124
      specified restriction-modification activity as a novel one designated R.EcoRIII.

PMID- 159205
TI  - [Integration and excision of transducing lambda phages carrying RNA-polymerase
      genes].

PMID- 159207
TI  - Transfer of genome fragments in double infection of E. coli with T5 and phi X174
      bacteriophages.
AB  - Double infection of Escherichia coli by two DNA phages (phi X174 and T5) resulted
      in encapsidation into T5 particles of T5 DNA containing linked fragments of phi
      X174 DNA. The phi X474 sequences in T5 "hybrid" DNA were detected by RNA-DNA
      hybridization.

PMID- 159206
TI  - Escherichia coli RNA polymerase binding and initiation of transcription on
      fragments of lambda rifd 18 DNA containing promoters for lambda genes and for
      rrnB, tufB, rplC,A, rplJ,L, and rpoB,C genes.
AB  - Promoters of genes for bacteriophage lambda and for Escherichia coli ribosomal
      RNA (rrnB), elongation factor Tu (tufB), ribosomal proteins L11 (rplK), L1
      (rplA), L10 (rplJ), and L7/L12 (rplL), and RNA polymerase subunits beta (rpoB)
      and beta' (rpoC) were studied by use of two types of filter binding assays which
      measured E. coli RNA polymerase binding and initiation of transcription on
      restriction fragments of lambda rifd 18 DNA. The DNA fragments selectively
      retained on filters were eluted, concentrated, and analyzed by gel
      electrophoresis. The binding characteristics of these promotor fragments were
      qualitatively determined by varying the RNA polymerase, salt, and glycerol
      concentrations in the polymerase binding assay with HaeIII fragments of lambda
      rifd 18 DNA. The approximate map locations of these small HaeIII fragments were
      determined by HaeIII digestion of the larger, previously mapped EcoRI, HindIII,
      and SmaI restriction fragments of the phage DNA. The base compositions proximal
      to the 5' ends of mRNA's from promoters on these DNA fragments were elucidated by
      the polymerase initiation assay, in which the addition of various combinations of
      nucleoside triphosphates to the reaction allowed RNA polymerase to form high-salt
      resistant initiation complexes with some of the known SmaI + EcoRI, EcoRI +
      HindIII, or HaeIII restriction fragments of lambda rifd 18 DNA. The data obtained
      by this technique are consistent with the map positions and 5' mRNA base
      sequences of the known lambda promotors p'R, po, pR and pL. In the main focus of
      this work, we have determined the approximate map locations and 5' mRNA base
      compositions of several promoters for known E. coli genes including rrnB, tufB,
      rplK,A, and rplJ,L. No promoter was detected between rplL and the rpoB,C genes.
      Thus our data are consistent with the conclusion of Yamamoto and Nomura (1978)
      that the beta and beta' mRNA is probably cotranscribed from the promoter for
      rplJ,L. Finally, the approximate map positions and the NTP combinations which
      initiated transcription of several unknown lambda and E. coli in vitro promoters
      are reported. The methods reported should prove useful for studying the
      characteristics of promoters on other cloned DNA regions.

PMID- 159208
TI  - Changes in the NIH guidelines for recombinant DNA research (Appendix 1: January
      to May, 1979).

PMID- 159210
TI  - Clinical recognition of angina pectoris.

PMID- 159209
TI  - Plasmid pKC7: a vector containing ten restriction endonuclease sites suitable for
      cloning DNA segments.
AB  - Plasmid pKC7, a derivative of pBR322, specifies resistance to both ampicillin and
      kanamycin. The DNA of this small plasmid (5.8 kb) contains unique sites for
      insertion of DNA cleaved with ten different restriction endonucleases. A detailed
      restriction endonuclease cleavage map is presented. The utility of this plasmid
      for cloning is discussed.

PMID- 159211
TI  - Common foot problems in the elderly.

PMID- 159212
TI  - [Hygienic training of decreed groups in the population].

PMID- 159213
TI  - [Hygienic assessment of the mixed lighting of school building classrooms].

PMID- 159214
TI  - [Change in reservoir microflora from poisonous chemical pollution].

PMID- 159216
TI  - [Effect of environmental factors on the morbidity of workers in the swine
      fattening industry].

PMID- 159215
TI  - [Problems in the sanitary improvement of working conditions for central telegraph
      workers].

PMID- 159217
TI  - [Efficiency of removing organic and carcinogenic substances from water through
      distillation desalinization].

PMID- 159218
TI  - [Experience in the postgraduate training of the laboratory workers of
      epidemiological health stations having a higher education].

PMID- 159220
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the operating efficiency of a radial-type air oxidizer
      for sewage purification].

PMID- 159219
TI  - [Instructional problems of Armenian children entering the 1st year of a Russian
      school].

PMID- 159221
TI  - [Sanitary and hygienic evaluation of a method of utilizing manure on
      preliminarily reclaimed areas of peat bogs].

PMID- 159222
TI  - [Morphological and histochemical evaluation of the stroma of epithelial mucinous
      neoplasms of the ovaries].

PMID- 159223
TI  - [Clinical experience with mammography using grids (author's transl)].
AB  - Duplicate examinations were carried out on 122 patients in order to compare the
      results of mammography using a grid technique (Diagnost U. Muller) with a film
      screen systemadn also a conventional set without screens (Mamma-Diagnost,
      Muller). The results were compared with reference to film quality and dose. The
      new technique was superior to the conventional method in all respects,
      independent of the size of the gland. Another advantage of the grid technique was
      the larger available film size. Dose requirements for grid mammography with a
      film-screen system was less than for conventional techniques by a factor of about
      1.8. The results speak for increased use of the grid technique in clinical
      practice.

PMID- 159224
TI  - [Quantitative analysis as part of computer tomography of the skull (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The possibilities of quantitative evaluation of skull computer tomograms were
      explored in a group of 22 normals and compared with a group of 26 patients with
      cerebral tumours. Quantitative measurements of normal cerebral tissue and of
      tumours have revealed mean values for these groups which permit certain
      fundamental conclusions.

PMID- 159225
TI  - [A comparison of cerebral angiography and computer tomography in patients with
      strokes (author's transl].
AB  - The computer tomographic findings in 230 patients with a clinical diagnosis of
      strokes or cerebral infarcts are described. In 185 of these patients cerebral
      angiography was performed in addition. The size and localisation of infarcts as
      shown on the computer tomogram were compared with the changes found in the
      carotid angiogram and were also related to the localisation of occlusion or
      stenosis of the corresponding extra- and intracranial vessels. In the presence of
      a normal carotid angiogram, CT may show infarcts of varying localisation and
      size; with stenoses or occlusion of the extracranial portion of the internal
      carotid artery, the infarcts tend to be smaller and that, in the presence of
      occulsions of the intracranial cerebral vessels, infarcts tend to be more
      extensive and to correspond to the territory supplied by the occluded vessels.
      Twenty-eight intracerebral haematomas and nine cerebral tumours were found
      amongst patients who presented as cerebral infarcts, with little evidence of
      massive cerebral bleeding; these are discussed separately.

PMID- 159226
TI  - [The value of cranial computed tomography in posterior fossa epidermoids and
      dermoids (author's transl)].
AB  - Report on posterior fossa epidermoids and dermoids (3 in the cerebellopontine
      angle, 1 in the region of the fourth ventricle). Computed tomographic aspects are
      related with other neuroradiological findings. Differential diagnosis of these
      mass lesions is discussed in detail, especially of low density and (rarely
      occuring) high density epidermoids.

PMID- 159227
TI  - [Computed tomography of soft tissue sarcomas (author's transl)].
AB  - CT findings in 50 patients with histologically verified soft tissue sarcomas are
      presented. In nearly all the cases the cross-sectional view and the higher
      resolution of density make it possible to determine exactly location of the
      tumors, their size and relationship to adjacent structures. Thus CT opens a new
      dimension, which is of great value for staging and therapy treatment planning.
      The high rank of CT in the follow-up after therapy and the detection of recurrent
      tumor is demonstrated. The contribution of CT, however, to the anatomic
      characteristics and its prospective value with the regard to soft tissue tumor is
      less important. Further limits of the method are discussed.

PMID- 159228
TI  - [Ultrasound diagnosis of renal stones (author's transl)].
AB  - Infusion urography and ultrasound examinations were performed in 54 patients in
      order to diagnose renal stones. The patients were examined because of upper
      abdominal pain, suspected renal calculi or for follow-up of known calculi. In 20
      patients, stones could be demonstrated by both methods. In four patients,
      radiological suspicion of the presence of stones was not confirmed by ultrasound.
      In two patients ultrasound produced false positives and in seven patients renal
      stones were demonstrated only by sonography. These results were obtained with a
      mechanical sector scanner. The advantages and disadvantages of compound and of
      real-time-scanners and their place in the diagnosis of kidney stones are
      discussed.

PMID- 159229
TI  - [Sonography and angiography in the investigation of space-occupying lesions of
      the kidney (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of angiography and sonography in 132 patients suspected of having a
      space-occuping lesion in a kidney were compared; they were examined by excretion
      urography, ultrasound and renal angiography. All lesions demonstrated
      angiographically had already been seen by ultrasound. Difficulties were
      experienced with cysts of less than 3 cm. Diameter situated in the region of the
      hilum, which did not always produce echo-free images. Infected renal cysts
      appeared as avascular space-occupying lesions on angiography, but showed echoes
      on sonography.

PMID- 159230
TI  - [Acute renal vein thrombosis in infancy (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of acute renal vein thrombosis are presented. Instead of angiography,
      sonography was used to perform the diagnosis. After short discription of the
      etiology, clinic and roentgensymptomatology, the sonographic semiology is
      emphasized. In the discussion the sonographic differentialdiagnosis is reviewed
      and the possible therapeutic proceedings are mentioned. The value of sonography
      as non-invasive method, especially in newborn is therefore established.

PMID- 159231
TI  - [Sonography and pharmacoangiography of the pancreas (author's transl)].
AB  - Real-Time-Sonography and pharmacoangiography with vasodilating drugs was
      performed in 63 patients with suspected pancreatic disease. Confirmation of the
      pancreatic lesion could be obtained in 41 cases by the symptomatology, pancreatic
      function test, autopsy, operation, laparoscopy with fine-needle-biopsy and by the
      roentgenologic visualization of pancreatic calcifications. Considering the
      relatively advanced disease of pancreatic carcinoma in our six patients the
      sonographic diagnosis was correct in all of them and with pharmacoangiography we
      failed on one case. In chronic pancreatitis correct diagnostic results with
      pharmacoangiography could be obtained in 8 of 18 cases and with sonography in 14
      of 18 patients. In this study sonography showed certain advantages in comparison
      with angiography, but both methods were complementary and a better result in the
      differential diagnosis between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma
      could be achieved.

PMID- 159233
TI  - [Phlebography for pre- and posttherapeutic control of fibrinolysis and
      thrombectomy (author's transl)].
AB  - The indications for fibrinolysis or thrombectomy when there is suspected fresh
      ilio-femoral venous thrombosis should be based on accurate phlebography at the
      earliest possible moment. Early posttherapeutic phlebography under standardised
      conditions should be used to control further treatment. Later examinations
      document the final outcome. Early phlebography, when treatment has been
      discontinued and has been unsuccessful, shows the so-called "Rischhalte
      phenomenon", which may be an indication for further thrombectomy. Seven cases are
      reported in which primary fibrinolysis with streptokinase was followed by
      thrombectomy with a Fogarty catheter. 3-Step-phlebography provides the essential
      information which governs treatment and demonstrates its results.

PMID- 159232
TI  - [Hemorrhage through the pancreatic duct -- endoscopic-radiological diagnosis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Hemobilia and pancreatic hemorrhage must be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of bleeding fromthe papilla Vateri. Retrograde pancreaticography and
      angiography are the essentials of the further diagnostic workup. Both methods
      together can reveal the origin and localization of the bleeding.

PMID- 159234
TI  - [Isotope methods in the radiological diagnosis of venous disease. II. Indications
      and accuracy (author's transl)].
AB  - Radiological diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of abnormalities of veins were
      discussed in the light of 1,683 contrast venograms and isotope examinations in
      650 patients with acute and chronic diseases of veins. For patients with
      increased thrombotic risks, the 125 I-fibrinogen test is recommended as a
      sensitive and simple method. Where there are symptoms of venous thrombosis,
      radionuclide venography, together with other noninvasive methods, may be used for
      establishing whether there are indications for contrast venography. These may
      also provide evidence of previous pulmonary emboli. These methods should also be
      used where there is clinical suspicion of previous pulmonary emboli. Non-invasive
      isotope methods have proved to be sensitive techniques for preliminary
      examinations and for follow-up. Contrast venography is necessary if definitive
      treatment is planned.

PMID- 159235
TI  - [Radio-nuclide phlebography: methods, indications and clinical value (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Radionuclide venography (RNV) is an easily performed, rapid and non-invasive
      diagnostic examination for the detection of deep-vein thrombosis. Provided the
      procedure is followed out in a standardized order, the results are highly
      reliable and accurate, especially in the iliac and femoral veins. Therefore,
      because of this advantage and the possibility of simultaneous lung perfusion
      scanning and the lack of serious complications this method fills a gap between
      contrast phlebography and fibrinogen test. 122 limbs of 69 patients were
      investigated by RNS. 65% showed pathologic results. In 48% thrombotic venous
      occlusions could be demonstrated. Pulmonary embolic perfusion defects were found
      in 46% of patients presenting deep vein thrombosis but only in 15% of patients
      without pathologic findings in RNV. In correlation with contrast phlebography in
      11 patients there was no discrepancy neither in recognition nor in localization
      of the thrombotic occlusion. The essential findings in RNV and the resulting
      diagnostic conclusions are demonstrated.

PMID- 159236
TI  - [Changes in the cervical spine in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Changes in the cervical spine in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can be shown by
      A.P., lateral and functional views with maximal flexion and extension, and
      particularly by tomography. The latter is essential for proper evaluation of the
      atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints and of the odontoid. Atlanto-axial
      subluxation was found in eight out of eighty-four patients. Destruction of the
      odontoid was found in twelve out of fifty-three patients examined by tomography.
      The earliest tomographic changes at the atlanto-occipital joint consists of
      isolated joint narrowing, erosions and fusion and were observed in sixty-four out
      of sixty-six patients examined. Similar findings at the atlanto-axial joint were
      observed in thirty-seven out of sixty-six cases. The severity of the changes
      correlated with seropositivity and duration of the disease. The most marked
      changes were found with a prolonged history and a positive Rose-Waaler reaction.

PMID- 159237
TI  - [The radiological appearances of the normal joint spaces in the hand (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The radio-carpal joints in 120 normal persons were examined by arthrography. It
      was shown that this joint communicates with the carpal joints, carpo-metacarpal
      joints and with the distal radio-ulnar joint. Three types, with various accessory
      pouches, could be defined. A study of the normal radiological anatomy of the
      radio-carpal joint is necessary before a diagnosis of pathological changes in the
      joint can be made.

PMID- 159238
TI  - [Myxoma of the right atrium: diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 159240
TI  - [Computer tomographic contribution to the diagnosis and localization of a spinal
      angioma].

PMID- 159239
TI  - [Combined cerebral dysplasia: azygous a. cerebri anterior in corpus callosum
      insufficiency with a corpus callosum lipoma and an aneurysm of the a. cerebri
      media].

PMID- 159241
TI  - [Ureteral compression atthe pyelourethral transition through the renal vein
      thrombosis in the nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 159242
TI  - [Angiographic demonstration of a bleeding Meckel's diverticulum].

PMID- 159243
TI  - [Multiple skeltal abnormalities].

PMID- 159244
TI  - [Pediatric considerations on handicaps and handicapped children].

PMID- 159245
TI  - [Possibilities of genetic counseling for prenatal diagnosis in pediatric
      practice].

PMID- 159246
TI  - [Antiepileptic therapy with valproinic acid. Correlations of side effects and
      serum levels of valproinic acid].
AB  - The side effects and possible side effects of the therapy with valproic acid were
      documented in 66 outpatients with epilepsy over a period of one year. The serum
      levels of valproic acid were measured gaschromatographically over the same
      period. The majority of the patients received a combined medication. The
      occurrence of side effects or possible side effects of valproic acid led to a
      dosage reduction of discontinuation of the compound in 25% of the patients.
      Patients complaining of tiredness showed significantly higher serum valproic acid
      levels than patients without clinical side effects. The other comparisons between
      the serum valproic acid levels in the case of clinical side effects and changes
      in laboratory findings and the serum levels of patients without side effects or
      changes in laboratory findings did not indicate a definite difference.

PMID- 159247
TI  - [Plastic surgery in mongoloid children].
AB  - The aim of plastic surgery in children with Down-syndrome is the improvement of
      speech as well as improvement of cosmetic appearance. Altering the typical
      mongoloid physiognomy facilitates the integration of these children into the
      community. In our Department during the past 6 months plastic surgery was
      performed in 27 children for the correction of macroglossia, saddle nose
      deformity, epicanthic folds, receding chin, fatty neck and deformity of the ears.
      Macroglossia was present in every case, the extent of further surgery varies
      according to the clinical deformity. It is essential to discuss the implications
      of surgery in these children with the parents in order to avoid later
      disappointment.

PMID- 159248
TI  - [Therapy in neurology. 4. Treatment of intervertebral disk displacement].

PMID- 159249
TI  - [Sodium fluoride in the therapy of osteoporosis].
AB  - Every form of osteoporosis--except the physiological involution osteoporosis-
      requires treatment. Osteoporosis is no disease by itself but a result or a
      concomitant phenomenon of various diseases. Therefore the primary disease has to
      be treated also. Only for the so-called idiopathic osteoporosis hitherto no cause
      is known. Today sodium fluoride is the only substance with an influence upon the
      bone which may induce re-ossification and re-stabilization. In the described
      series of investigations this compound, with which treatment by gradual dosage is
      possible, has proved its effectiveness. Osteoporosis is more than bone porosity,
      therefore additionally afflicted organic or functional system like the muscular
      apparatus, bone marrow, or the intraosseous blood supply, must be treated too.
      Psychological guidance of the patient is necessary as he must be motivated for
      activity.

PMID- 159250
TI  - Nicotinamide modulation of rat pancreatic islet cell responsiveness in vitro.
AB  - The influence of nicotinamide (NA), a highly suitable precursor substrate for NAD
      synthesis in various tissues, on islet cell responsiveness was determined. After
      a 30 minute perifusion with this compound, nicotinamide, in a dose-dependent
      manner, potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion. Maximal potentiation
      (approximately 250%) was observed at 20 mM NA and the threshold for potentiation
      was 3 mM. In the absence of glucose, NA did not affect basal secretion rates.
      Mannoheptulose blocked the primary stimulant action of glucose and the
      potentiating effects of NA. NA did not alter the rate of glucose usage by
      isolated islets. These results further underscore the possible importance of
      pyridine nucleotides in stimulated secretion.

PMID- 159251
TI  - Substrate specificity of a heparan sulfate-degrading endoglucuronidase from human
      placenta.
AB  - A heparan sulfate-degrading endoglucuronidase was isolated from human placenta
      and partially purified by affinity chromatography on heparan sulfate-Sepharose
      4B. The endoglucuronidase has a molecular weight of approximately 100 000
      estimated by gel chromatography and a broad pH optimum between pH4 and pH6.
      Carboxyl reduced heparan sulfate is not split by partially purified
      endoglucuronidase, but inhibits the action of that enzyme towards non-modified
      heparan sulfate. Low molecular weight heparan sulfate (Mr approximately 3 000) is
      not attacked by the endoglucuronidase. N-Desulfated heparan sulfate and heparin
      are only weak substrates. The amino sugar adjacent to the glucuronic acid residue
      appearing at the reducing terminal of heparan sulfate fragments liberated by the
      endoglucuronidase appears to be exclusively N-acetylated glucosamine.

PMID- 159253
TI  - Self-inflicted "accidents" not covered by workmen's compensation.

PMID- 159252
TI  - Effect of some antibiotics on eukaryotic DNA methylation in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 159255
TI  - The cells involved in cell-mediated and transplantation immunity in the normal
      outbred rabbit. XIII. The identity of the responder cells and the role of
      phagocytic cells in the mixed leucocyte culture reaction.
AB  - The ability of rabbit spleen cells depleted of thymus, bone marrow or appendix
      derived cells to respond in the one-way mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) has been
      investigated. The specific subpopulations of lymphoid cells were eliminated by
      lysis of these cells in the presence of specific antisera and complement.
      Phagocytic cells (monocytes and heterophils) were removed with a strong magnet
      after incubation with carbonyl iron particles. The results indicate that the MLR
      responding cells are thymus-derived and that neither bone marrow-derived cells
      nor appendix-derived cells are essential for the blastogenic response following
      stimulation with allogeneic cells. A minimum number of phagocytic cells is
      required for a significant response. These cells, however, exhibit a non-specific
      (accessory) role and can be supplied by either the responding or the stimulating
      cell population.

PMID- 159256
TI  - Comparative patterns of serum immunoglobulin levels in specific-pathogen-free
      congenitally athymic (nude), hereditarily asplenic (Dh/+), congenitally athymic
      asplenic (lasat) and splenectomized athymic mice.
AB  - Serial determinations of serum immunoglobulin levels were assessed in
      congenitally athymic (nude), hereditarily asplenic (Dh/+) and congenitally
      athymic-asplenic (lasat) mice and the results compared to normal intact
      littermate controls (nu/+), neonatally splenectomized nu/+ and neonatally
      splenectomized nude mice. Quantification of Ig levels was accomplished by radial
      immunodiffusion, for IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgA antibody isotypes. Intact
      spleen and/or thymus function was shown to have marked effects on the age
      dependent development of serum IgM, IgG2b and IgA production. Furthermore,
      because of higher levels of IgA in congenitally athymic-asplenic mice and
      neonatally splenectomized nude mice v. sham splenectomized nude mice, it is
      suggested that an IgA-specific suppressor population resides in the spleen.
      Finally, because of frequent problems in the literature in interpretation of
      immunoglobulin values, the criteria for the statistical evaluation of such data
      in establishing normal serum Ig values and ascertaining real differences between
      treatment groups are emphasized.

PMID- 159257
TI  - Neuromuscular effect of dopamine.

PMID- 159254
TI  - The Papillon-Lefevre syndrome: keratosis palmoplantaris with periodontopathy.
      Report of a case and review of the cases in the literature.
AB  - The Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive trait characterized
      by diffuse transgredient palmar-plantar keratosis (PPK) and premature loss of
      both the deciduous and permanent teeth. In most cases, the PPK is noted within
      the first 3 years of life. The periodontal lesions begin shortly after the start
      of both the primary and the permanent dentitions. The teeth are affected in the
      order of their eruption, exhibiting inflammation of the periodontal tissue,
      bleeding of the gums, pocket formation, loosening, and finally spontaneous
      exfoliation without showing definite signs of root resorption. After an
      edentulous interval, the same process begins anew shortly after the second
      dentition. Ectopic intracranial calcifications, mental retardation, and increased
      susceptibility to infections have often been seen in PLS patients and may thus be
      regarded as facultative signs.

PMID- 159258
TI  - Effect of prolonged intermittent exposure to simulated high altitude hypoxia in
      rats.

PMID- 159259
TI  - Effect of visceral leishmaniasis on congenitally athymic mice.
AB  - Congenitally athymic mice were more susceptible to challenge with amastigotes of
      Leishmania donovani than were their thymus-intact littermates. This increased
      susceptibility correlated with a lack of Arthus and delayed-type responses when
      animals were skin tested with leishmanial antigen.

PMID- 159260
TI  - Inhibition of translocation of viable Escherichia coli from the gastrointestinal
      tract of mice by bacterial antagonism.
AB  - The incidence of translocation of viable Escherichia coli C25 from the
      gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes was compared in gnotobiotic
      mice colonized with only E. coli C25 and in gnotobiotic mice colonized with E.
      coli C25 plus the whole cecal flora from specific pathogen-free mice. The
      population levels of E. coli C25 in the ilea and ceca of these mice also were
      compared. E. coli C25 maintained high population levels in the gastrointestinal
      tracts of the monoassociated gnotobiotes, and the incidence of translocation to
      the mesenteric lymph nodes was 100%. The gastrointestinal population levels of E.
      coli C25 were reduced drastically in the gnotobiotes associated with both E. coli
      C25 and a cecal flora with concomitant reduction in the incidence of
      translocation of E. coli C25 from 100 to 0%. A decrease in the numbers of viable
      E. coli C25 per mesenteric lymph node also accompanied the decrease in C. coli
      C25 population levels in the gastrointestinal tracts of these mice. Thus, high
      population levels of E. coli C25 in the gastrointestinal tracts of monoassociated
      gnotobiotic mice appear to promote translocation of viable E. coli C25 to the
      mesenteric lymph nodes. Bacterial antagonism of E. coli population levels in
      conventional mice, therefore, could be one mechanism whereby viable E. coli are
      confined to the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 159261
TI  - Complement activation in acne vulgaris: consumption of complement by comedones.
AB  - Comedones, the contents of acne lesions, were shown to consume scomplement
      hemolytic activity in normal serum. This consumption was stimulated by the
      addition of serum from patients with inflammatory acne. Absorption of acne serum
      with Propionibacterium acnes cells removed all stimulating activity.
      Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of serum incubated with comedones revealed the
      conversion of C3 and factor B in normal serum. The addition of acne serum
      resulted in cleavage of C4. In serum treated with ethylene glycol-bis(beta
      aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, only C3 and factor B were converted.
      This indicates that comedones may activate complement by either the classical or
      the alternative pathway. It is suggested that P. acnes cells in comedonal
      material are responsible for the complement activation.

PMID- 159262
TI  - Role of environment in the development of "natural" hemagglutinins in Minnesota
      miniature swine.
AB  - "Natural" hemagglutinin titers against a panel of fixed erythrocyte antigens were
      determined for groups of Minnesota miniature swine reared conventionally, in a
      specific pathogen-free facility, and in germfree isolators. Sera were assayed for
      hemagglutination (HA) titers by the microtiter method against 12 species of
      erythrocytes stabilized by treatment with pyruvic aldehyde and formaldehyde.
      These erythrocytes were stable for up to 2 years and gave slightly enhanced HA
      titers as compared to fresh, unfixed erythrocytes. Of the sera from conventional
      swine tested, the highest "natural" HA titers were directed towards rabbit, cat,
      swine dog, and burro erythrocytes (greater than 1:1,000), intermediate titers
      were detected against human A, B, and O, and sheep, pig, and chicken erythrocytes
      (1:64 to 1:1,000), whereas the lowest titers were found against ox and goat
      erythrocytes (less than 1:8). Titers obtained with sera from specific pathogen
      free swine were 2- to 16-fold lower than those of conventional swine, but were of
      a similar distribution with regard to the species of erythrocyte tested. Germfree
      swine sera uniformly exhibited HA titers less than 1:4 against all species of
      erythrocytes. The majority of these hemagglutinins were immunoglobulin M class
      but there were some agglutinins of immunoglobulin A class and a slight amount of
      immunoglobulin G class. Specificity of these agglutinins was examined by
      absorption tests. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that natural
      hemagglutinins develop due to dietary or microbial antigenic stimulation, or
      both.

PMID- 159263
TI  - Depression of contact sensitivity by Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced suppressor
      cells which affect the induction phase of immune response.
AB  - The cellular basis of depression of contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice
      injected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. Cells from draining lymph nodes
      of mice sensitized with oxazolone 18 h previously were able to induce contact
      sensitivity to normal mice when administered in their footpads. In contrast,
      cells from draining lymph nodes of P. aeruginosa-injected and oxazolone
      sensitized donors failed to induce contact sensitivity when injected in the
      footpad of normal mice and were capable of actively blocking the immunizing
      process brought about by lymph node cells from sensitized mice when injected
      together in the footpad of normal recipients. The P. aeruginosa-induced
      suppressor cells required antigenic stimulation, had precursors sensitive to
      cyclophosphamide, and did not affect the effector mechanisms of contact
      sensitivity. Thus, the results suggest that P. aeurginosa depresses contact
      sensitivity to oxazolone by enhancing the activity of suppressor cells which
      normally arise during the sensitization process and which affect the afferent
      limb of the immune response, probably by inhibiting the normal recruitment of T
      lymphocytes in the draining lymph nodes.

PMID- 159264
TI  - Suppression of lymphocyte response to concanavalin A by mucopolysaccharide
      material from Treponema pallidum-infected rabbits.
AB  - The testicular fluid and serum from rabbits infected intratesticularly with
      Treponema pallidum inhibited the mitogenic response of normal rabbit peripheral
      blood lymphocytes to concanavalin A. Mucopolysaccharide material present in the
      testicular fluid and serum was associated with the lymphocyte-inhibitory
      activity. Degradation of the mucopolysaccharide material with hyaluronidase
      resulted in the loss of the inhibitory activity of testicular fluid and serum of
      T. pallidu-infected rabbits.

PMID- 159266
TI  - Pityriasis rubra pilaris [proceedings].

PMID- 159265
TI  - Augmentation of lymphocyte surface immunogenicity following treatment with
      dimethyl-sulphoxide.
AB  - A mixed leucocyte culture is an in vitro tool for assessing differences in cell
      surface antigenicity between two cell populations. The MLC technique has been
      used to assess alterations in immunogenicity of rat lymphocytes, when exposed to
      the agent dimethyl-sulphoxide. Using four different rat strains, DMSO has been
      shown to be a surface-active agent that significantly increases the
      immunogenicity of both splenic and peripheral blood rat lymphocytes, as assessed
      by an increase in MLC reactivity. No augmentation of MLC reactivity is seen when
      syngeneic lymphocytes are used in the culture system as both effector and
      stimulator lymphocytes, thus confirming the immunological nature of the
      enhancement seen in allogeneic cultures.

PMID- 159267
TI  - Fixed drug eruption [proceedings].

PMID- 159268
TI  - Alkali-labile sites and post-irradiation effects in gamma-irradiated biologically
      active double-stranded DNA in aqueous solution.
AB  - Gamma-irradiation of double-stranded RF-DNA of bacteriophage phi X174 in aqueous
      solution in the presence of oxygen produces at least one type of alkali-labile
      site. It is lethal and gives rise to breaks by alkali and is identical with the
      damage which becomes manifest by post-irradiation heat treatment. The effect of
      alkali is dependent on temperature. Furthermore, the excision repair system is
      not involved in eliminating lethal nucleotide damage in RFI-DNA.

PMID- 159269
TI  - Biochemistry of the mitotic spindle.

PMID- 159270
TI  - Investigation of the utero-tubal factor: laparoscopy.

PMID- 159271
TI  - Skin and bone lesions (dermato-osteolathyrism), possible side effects of D
      penicillamine treatment, in a boy with cystinuria.
AB  - A 2 1/4 year-old boy was treated for cystinuria and urolithiasis with high fluid
      intake, sodium bicarbonate, and D-penicillamine, over a period of 5 3/4 years,
      unauthorized interruptions and prescribed pauses included. Therapy was partially
      sucessful but regrowth of calculi coincided with interruptions of D-penicillamine
      administration and also with the institution of a low-dose D-penicillamine
      regime. Flat feet, scoliosis, pectus carinatum, hypermobility of joints,
      molluscoid pseudotumors and atrophic scars were alarming side effects of D
      penicillamine. However, the possibility was not excluded that a forme fruste of
      an Ehlers-Danlos syndrome preexisted in this boy and was effected by D
      penicillamine. Only the molluscoid pseudotumors regressed when D-penicillamine
      was reduced or omitted temporarily. Osteolathyrism caused by D-penicillamine has
      hitherto not been reported in man.

PMID- 159272
TI  - Low temperature activation of post mortem glycogenolysis in bovine skeletal
      muscle fibres.
AB  - Trimmed strips of sternomandibularis muscles taken from freshly-slaughtered
      cattle were placed in an isotonic myograph and cooled to 1 degree C. Spontaneous
      activity due to neuromuscular irritability was minimized by keeping muscle
      surfaces moist and anaerobic and was monitored by electromyography. Muscle strips
      were removed and frozen for histochemical analysis after they had completed their
      initial phase of cold-induced shortening (several hours). Control strips
      maintained for an equal time at 24 degrees C rarely depleted the stainable
      glycogen in any of their muscle fibres so as to become PAS-negative. In chilled
      muscle strips, however, glycogenolysis was activated in some muscle fibres and
      they became PAS-negative. In serial sections, most of the PAS-negative fibres
      exhibited strong ATPase and weak succinate dehydrogenase activity. Fibres with
      weak ATPase and strong succinate dehydrogenase activity rarely became PAS
      negative. These results are in agreement with biochemical reports of a cold
      induced (less than 5 degrees C) activation of glycolysis in skeletal muscle post
      mortem. Investigations on untrimmed lengths of excised sternomandibularis muscle
      indicated that longitudinal muscle damage caused in cutting muscle strips for the
      myograph and/or their more rapid rate of initial cooling had facilitated the
      depletion of stainable glycogen.

PMID- 159273
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of adenosine triphosphatase in the stellate
      reticulum, stratum intermedium and ameloblasts of the mouse molar.
AB  - ATPase activity in the developing first mandibular molar of the mouse was
      demonstrated at the electron microscopic level with the method of Wachstein &
      Meisel (1957). It was localized along the cell surfaces of the ameloblast and
      stratum intermedium interface, the stratum intermedium and the stellate
      reticulum. The ATPase final reaction product was also present at the cell
      membranes of the proximal region of adjacent ameloblasts and extended to the
      level of the nuclei. The demonstration of ATPase mainly on the plasma membranes
      was similar to the observations by other investigators of various non-odontogenic
      cell types involved in the exchange of materials across plasma membranes.

PMID- 159274
TI  - A histoenzymatic study of rat intrafusal muscle fibres.
AB  - The histochemical activities of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase),
      succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD)
      were studied in intrafusal muscle fibres of rat fast and slow muscles. The ATPase
      reaction was carried out after the three standard acid preincubations. The cold
      K2-EDTA preincubated ATPase reaction product was similar to that seen following
      the regular or alkali-preincubated ATPase reaction, except that the intermediate
      bag fibres exhibited much higher activity after cold K2-EDTA preincubation.
      Following either acetic acid solution or cold and room temperature K2-EDTA
      preincubation, followed by the ATPase reaction, chain fibres of the fast muscles
      vastus lateralis and extensor digitorum longus exhibited a very low amount of
      reaction product as compared with those of the slow soleus. Veronal acetate and
      K2-EDTA preincubations (and equally preincubation in acetic acid solution)
      resulted in acid stable ATPase activity along the entire length of the typical
      bag fibres but only in the polar regions of the intermediate bag fibres. On the
      basis of differing alpha-GPD reaction, two sub populations of nuclear chain
      fibres were discovered in one spindle. It is a matter of conjecture, to what
      extent the histochemical differences of intrafusal fibres from fast and slow
      muscles reflects functional distinctions in the response to stretch of muscle
      spindles from fast and slow muscles.

PMID- 159276
TI  - Early childhood development of the visually handicapped.

PMID- 159277
TI  - The National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects and toxic drug effects
      on the retina.

PMID- 159275
TI  - Heparan sulfate at the surface of HeLa cells.
AB  - HeLa cells, labeled with Na235SO4, release into the culture medium 35SO4 bound to
      plasma membrane vesicles next to 35SO4-glycoproteins and free 35SO4. Plasma
      membrane vesicles, experimentally produced by treatment with formaldehyde,
      contain 35SO4 and their surface can be stained with high iron diamine. Scanning
      of chromatograms of the trypsinate from labeled cells demonstrates radioactivity
      on the spot of heparan sulfate. It is concluded that HeLa cells synthesize
      heparan sulfate, which is incorporated at the plasma membrane and released by
      shedding of small vesicles.

PMID- 159278
TI  - Amebic meningoencephalitis in Arkansas.

PMID- 159280
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month: AV dissociation.

PMID- 159281
TI  - School hearing and vision screening-referrals.

PMID- 159279
TI  - Medical grand rounds: myxedema and the heart.

PMID- 159282
TI  - More on high blood pressure.

PMID- 159283
TI  - The month in Washington.

PMID- 159284
TI  - Structural and functional analysis of cloned deoxyribonucleic acid containing the
      trpR-thr region of the Escherichia coli chromosome.
AB  - Specialized transducing phages containing the thr-trpR region of the Escherichia
      coli chromosome were derived from a strain with lambda prophage inserted in thr.
      Cloning of segments of the chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid of one such lambda
      thr + trpR+ phage in various plasmid vectors established that a 1.3-kilobase
      BamHI fragment carried trpR+ intact. Strains with a multicopy plasmid vector
      containing the BamHI insert produced 20-fold-higher levels of trp aporepressor
      than did the wild-type strain of Escherichia coli. Similarly, induction of lambda
      thr + trpR+ lysogens resulted in increased aporepressor levels. The 1.3-kilobase
      trpR+ BamHI fragment was inserted in either orientation downstream from lambda
      pLN in a plasmid vector in which transcription from lambda pL was under the
      control of a temperature-sensitive lambda repressor. Induction established the
      orientation of transcription of trpR and led to the production of 100-fold
      increased levels of trp aporepressor. A presumptive 23,500-dalton trpR+
      polypeptide was detected by using lambda pLNtrpR+ plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid
      in a cell-free transcription-translation system.

PMID- 159285
TI  - Protein-associated lipid of Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - The composition and patterns of metabolism of phospholipids isolated as part of a
      lipid-depleted membrane fragment (LDM fragment) and associated with the membrane
      adenosine triphosphatase complex have been compared with those of the bulk
      membrane phospholipid. The bulk lipid was extracted from washed membranes with
      sodium cholate. The LDM fragments, which contained a portion of the electron
      transport system and the membrane adenosine triphosphatase complex, were purified
      by chromatography with Sepharose 6B. The LDM fragment preparations contained 0.10
      +/- 0.02 mumol of lipid phosphorus per mg of protein, compared with 0.54 +/- 0.05
      mumol of lipid phosphorus per mg of protein for washed membranes. The
      phospholipid associated with the LDM fragments consisted of 78 +/- 4%
      cardiolipin, 7 +/- 1% phosphatidylglycerol, and 15 +/- 3%
      phosphatidylethanolamine. Changes in the total membrane lipid composition
      (produced by culture conditions) did not alter the phospholipid composition of
      the LDM fragments. The adenosine triphosphate complex was separated from the
      other components of the LDM fragments by suspension of the fragments in 1% Triton
      X-100 and precipitation with antibody specific for the F(1) component of the
      adenosine triphosphatase complex. The phospholipid isolated with the adenosine
      triphosphatase complex consisted of 86% cardiolipin, 8% phosphatidylglycerol, and
      6% phosphatidylethanolamine. In pulse-chase experiments with (32)P and [2
      (3)H]glycerol, the labeling patterns of the phosphatididylglycerol and
      phosphatidylethanolamine associated with the LDM fragments were different from
      those of the bulk membrane phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. It
      was concluded that at least a portion of the phospholipid isolated with the LDM
      fragments was part of a native lipid-protein complex.

PMID- 159286
TI  - Cyanobacterial ribonucleic acid polymerases recognize lambda promoters.
AB  - We compared the initiation specificities in vitro of deoxyribonucleic acid
      dependent ribonucleic acid polymerases purified from two cyanobacteria, Fremyella
      diplosiphon and Anacystis nidulans, and from Escherichia coli. A restriction
      fragment made from lambda deoxyribonucleic acid was used as a template. The
      cyanobacterial and E. coli ribonucleic acid polymerases recognized the same
      lambda promoters but exhibited different sensitivities to the inhibitor heparin,
      suggsesting differences in the structure of the initiation complexes.

PMID- 159287
TI  - Physical characterization of ilv-lac fusions.
AB  - Electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis and comparative restriction digests
      have been used to characterize lambda p123(209), the complementary pair of phages
      used in the Casadaban technique of gene fusion. Derivatives of lambda 1(209)
      constructed to carry fusions of the lac genes to the control regions of the ilvC
      and ilvEDA operons were also analyzed. These physical maps have provided
      confirmation of the genetic models for these constructions and physical
      specifications important in interpreting the behavior of these ilv-lac fusions.

PMID- 159288
TI  - Location of a ColE1 deoxyribonucleic acid region that affects the plaque-forming
      ability of lambda-ColE1 hybrid bacteriophage.
AB  - The plaque-forming ability of a hybrid phage between plasmidColE1 and phage
      lambda carrying amber mutations in genes O and P was inhibited by the presence of
      ColE1 in suppressor-deficient Escherichia coli cells. ColE1 deoxyribonucleic acid
      regions concerned with this inhibition were examined by using various deletion
      and transposon insertion derivatives of ColE1, and it was found that the presence
      of the deoxyribonucleic acid region extending between 420 and 613 base pairs
      upstream from the initiation site of ColE1 deoxyribonucleic acid replication (J.
      Tomizawa, H. Ohmori, and R. E. Bird, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 74: 1865-
      1869, 1977) was essential for this function.

PMID- 159289
TI  - Suppression of tif-mediated induction of SOS functions in Escherichia coli by an
      altered dnaB protein.
AB  - The tif-1 mutation in the Escherichia coli recA gene is known to cause induction
      of the various "SOS" functions at high temperature, including massive synthesis
      of the recA protein, lethal filamentation, elevated mutagenesis, and, in lambda
      lysogens, induction of prophage. It is shown here that the deoxyribonucleic acid
      initiation mutation dnaB252 suppresses all these manifestations of tif
      expression. Induction of lambda by ultraviolet irradiation, however, is not
      affected by the dnaB252 mutation. No similar suppression of tif is observed with
      other dnaB mutations affecting deoxyribonucleic acid elongation or with other
      deoxyribonucleic acid initiation mutations at the dnaA and dnaC loci. The fact
      that an alteration of the dnaB protein specifically suppresses tif-mediated SOS
      induction implies a role of the replication apparatus in this process, as has
      been suggested for ultraviolet induction. The induction of lambda is known to
      proceed via repressor cleavage, presumably promoted by an activated (protease)
      form of the recA protein. Since lambda induction is normal after ultraviolet
      irradiation of the tif-1 dnaB252(lambda) strain, tif-mediated induction in this
      strain may be blocked in a tif-specific step leading to activation of the recA
      (tif) protein. It is possible that the recA (tif) mutant protein may be directly
      involved in the replication complex in processes leading to this activation.

PMID- 159290
TI  - Lambda transducing bacteriophage carrying deletions of the argCBH-rpoBC region of
      the Escherichia coli chromosome.
AB  - Deletions in the rpoBC region have been transferred to phage lambda and
      characterized in detail by genetic, structural, and functional tests. We thus
      extend and confirm knowledge of the organization of this part of the chromosome.
      The new phages are useful tools for studying the genes for the bacterial
      transcription and translation machinery.

PMID- 159292
TI  - The effects of linoleate hydroperoxide on respiration and oxidative
      phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - Linoleate hydropepoxide, purified by silica gel chromatography and at
      concentrations 70-100 nmol/mg mitochondrial protein, activated state 4
      respiration and Mg-ATPase activity of mitochondria to levels of 80% and 25%,
      respectively, of those induced by 300 microM DNP, and completely inhibited
      oxidative phosphorylation. These effects are the same as those caused by
      linoleate, but the hydroperoxide caused more rapid degeneration of the activated
      respiration of mitochondria than linoleate. Further addition of the hydroperoxide
      induced oligomycin-insensitive Mg-ATPase to a level 3 times that obtained with
      DNP, accompanied by clearing of the mitochondrial suspension and release of
      malate dehydrogenase from the matrix. The extent of the effects caused by the
      methyl ester of linoleate hydroperoxide was much less than by the free acid.

PMID- 159291
TI  - Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence homologies among bacterial insertion sequence
      elements and genomes of various organisms.
AB  - Plasmid and phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) harboring bacterial insertion
      sequence (IS) elements IS1, IS2, and IS5 were characterized and used as probes to
      detect homologous sequences in various procaryotic and eucaryotic genomes. The
      hybridization method used permits the detection of sequences partially homologous
      to the elements. Hybridization of the IS-containing probes to each other revealed
      a region of limited homology between IS1 and IS2. Homologous sequences were then
      detected by computer analysis of the published IS1 and IS2 nucleotide sequences.
      The homologous sequence contains a tandemly repeated tetranucleotide sequence
      which resembles the repeated sequence at the hot spot for spontaneous mutations
      in the lacI gene (P. J. Farabaugh, U. Schmeissner, M. Hofer, and J. Miller, J.
      Mol. Biol. 126:847-863, 1978). Homology between the IS elements and various
      genomes was determined by hybridizing labeled DNA containing IS1, IS2, and IS5
      sequences to Southern blots of chromosomal DNA cleaved with restriction
      endonucleases. IS1 and IS5 appear limited to the enteric bacteria, whereas IS2
      sequences can also be detected in Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and
      Serratia marcescens. Bacteria which appear not to possess extrachromosomal
      elements, e.g., Caulobacter crescentus, did not show homology with any insertion
      sequences tested. In addition, sequences homologous to IS1, IS2, or IS5 were not
      detected in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Dictyostelium discoideum, or calf thymus
      DNA.

PMID- 159294
TI  - Demonstration and quantitation of catalytic and noncatalytic bound ATP in
      submitochondrial particles during oxidative phosphorylation.
AB  - Techniques are described for studying the labeling of ADP and ATP bound to the
      ATP synthase complex of beef heart submitochondrial particles catalyzing
      oxidative phosphorylation. These suffice for measurements of bound nucleotides
      during the time required for a single turnover, during steady state net ATP
      synthesis, or under quasiequilibrium conditions of ATP formation and hydrolysis.
      Results show that the "tightly bound"  ATP associated with isolated
      submitochondrial particles does not become labeled by medium [32P]Pi rapidly
      enough to qualify as an intermediate in ATP synthesis. In contrast to chloroplast
      preparations, little or no bound [32P]Pi committed to ATP formation is present on
      particles during steady state synthesis. Also, highly active particles
      synthesizing ATP from [32P]Pi and filtered after EDTA addition have no detectable
      bound [32P]ATP even though several ATPs have been made per synthase complex.
      However, under quasiequilibrium conditions membrane-bound ADP and ATP are present
      whose labeling characteristics qualify them as intermediates in ATP synthesis. In
      addition, a hexokinase-accessibility approach shows the presence of a steady
      level of bound ATP. Lack of detection of bound intermediates under other
      conditions is regarded as reflecting the ready reversibility of oxidative
      phosphorylation, with consequent facile cleavage of bound ATP and release of
      bound Pi.

PMID- 159295
TI  - Kinetic properties of calcium adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum
      isolated from cat skeletal muscles. A comparison of caudofemoralis (fast),
      tibialis (mixed), and soleus (slow).

PMID- 159293
TI  - Isolation and characterization of mucopolysaccharides from rat liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - Mucopolysaccharides were isolated from rat liver mitochondria which had been
      labeled with 35S-sulfate. They were prepared from trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
      insoluble and -soluble fractions of lipid-free mitochondria. These fractions were
      digested with pronase exhaustively, and the mucopolysaccharides were recovered in
      the void volume fractions of gel filtration of the pronase digests on Sephadex G
      50, monitored by radioactivity determination. Identification of these
      mucopolysaccharides was based on electrophoresis on cellulose acetate film using
      three different media, enzymatic and chemical degradations specific to each type
      of mucopolysaccharide, using chondroitinases, heparitinase, and nitrous acid.
      From the TCA-insoluble fraction, chondroitin sulfate A and dermatan sulfate were
      obtained in a ratio of about 1 : 2, based on 35S-radioactivities, whereas the TCA
      soluble fraction yielded chondroitin sulfates A/C, dermatan sulfate, and heparan
      sulfate in a ratio of about 1 : 3 : 12. The total amount of mitochondrial
      mucopolysaccharides was about 3 mg/g protein, distributed between the TCA
      insoluble and -soluble fractions in a ratio of about 1 : 3.

PMID- 159296
TI  - On the subunit stoichiometry of the F1-ATPase and the sites in it that react
      specifically with p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl-5'-adenosine.
AB  - During the inactivation of the nucleotide-free F1-ATPase at pH 7.0, by p
      fluorosulfonyl[14C]benzoyl-5'-adenosine ([14C]FSBA) in the presence of 20%
      glycerol, about 4.5 g atoms of 14C are incorporated/350,000 g of enzyme.
      Isolation of the subunits has shown: (a) over 90% of the incorporated label is
      associated with the alpha and beta subunits; (b) the amount of label incorporated
      into the alpha subunit is about 0.5 g atoms/mol which is nonspecifically
      associated with a number of tyrosine and lysine residues; (c) the amount of
      radioactivity incorporated into the beta subunit is about 0.9 g atoms/mol which
      correlates with the degree of inactivation of the enzyme and resides on a single
      tyrosine residue; (d) up to 2.2 mol of alpha subunit have been isolated from each
      mole of inactivated enzyme; and (e) about 2 mol of beta subunit have been
      isolated from each mole of inactivated enzyme. These results account for the
      incorporation of 4.5 g atoms of 14C which are incorporated/mol of ATPase during
      inactivation if there are three copies each of the alpha and beta subunit present
      in the enzyme. It has also been shown that 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl)
      and FSBA react with different tyrosine residues when they inactivate the ATPase.
      In addition, it has been shown that the ATPase inactivated with FSBA retains the
      capacity to bind up to 2.2 mol of [14C]ADP/350,000 g of enzyme.

PMID- 159297
TI  - A nuclear mutation altering the assembly of the energy-transducing membrane of
      yeast.

PMID- 159298
TI  - Mitochondrial ATPase complex. A dispersed, cytochrome-deficient, oligomycin
      sensitive preparation from rat liver containing molecules with a tripartite
      structural arrangement.

PMID- 159299
TI  - Tightly bound magnesium in mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase from beef
      heart.
AB  - Tightly bound magnesium was found in soluble, purified ATPase (F1) from beef
      heart mitochondria in the amount of 1 mol/mol of F1. Iron, zinc, cobalt,
      manganese, calcium, sodium, copper, and potassium were not tightly bound at
      stoichiometric levels. Removal of magnesium by chelating agents caused loss of
      ATPase activity. Removal of tightly bound nucleotide by gel filtration in 50%
      glycerol- or 60 mM K2SO4-containing buffers did not remove magnesium. Cold
      dissociation did release magnesium when complete denaturation was accomplished.
      The results suggest that magnesium is an integral part of F1, that it is required
      for activity, and that magnesium and nucleotides are tightly bound at separate
      sites. The idea that the tightly bound nucleotides are not complexed with cations
      suggests certain structural requirements at their binding sites which might
      account for the unusual properties of the sites.

PMID- 159300
TI  - Phosphocreatine does not inhibit rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase or pyruvate
      kinase.
AB  - Certain phosphocreatine preparations contain a contaminant that inhibits
      phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase assays. The contaminant can be separated
      from phosphocreatine by anion exchange chromatography. After appropriate
      purification, phosphocreatine has no effect on phosphofructokinase or pyruvate
      kinase; thus, there is no evidence that it serves muscle as a regulator of these
      enzymes. Although the inhibitory preparations of phosphocreatine contain
      inorganic phosphate and trace amounts of more negatively charged phosphorylated
      contaminants, the inhibitor is not inorganic phosphate or pyrophosphate. The
      nature of the inhibitor remains to be determined.

PMID- 159301
TI  - Ciliary adenosinetriphosphatase from a slow swimming mutant of Paramecium
      caudatum.

PMID- 159302
TI  - Binding of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins to a mitochondrial ribosomal
      precursor RNA containing a 2.3-kilobase intron.
AB  - In Neurospora, the gene encoding the mitochondrial large subunit (25 S) rRNA
      contains an intervening sequence of approximately 2.3 kilobases. We have recently
      identified two temperature-sensitive, nuclear mutants (289-67 and 299-9) which
      are defective in splicing of the 25 S RNA. When grown at the nonpermissive
      temperature (37 degrees C), the mutants show decreased ratios of 25 S/19 S RNA
      and accumulate a novel 35 S RNA which appears to be a continuous transcript of
      the 25 S RNA gene, including the intervening sequence. In the present work,
      mitochondrial ribonucleoprotein particles present in the 50 S subunit peak from
      wild type and mutant 299-9 were analyzed by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl
      gradients containing 25 mM MgCl2. The results show that 35 S RNA can be isolated
      as part of a ribonucleoprotein particle associated with nearly all of the large
      subunit ribosomal proteins. However, the particles appear to be less stable in
      CsCl gradients and more sensitive to nucleolytic degradation than particles
      derived from mature large subunits. Our results indicate that binding of
      ribosomal proteins to 35 S RNA could precede removal of the intron, but that
      removal of the intron may be required to achieve stable protein binding.

PMID- 159303
TI  - Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation kinetics of potassium-stimulated ATP
      phosphohydrolase from hog gastric mucosa.
AB  - Partial reactions of potassium-stimulated ATP phosphohydrolase from hog gastric
      mucosa were studied by means of a rapid-mixing apparatus. At 21 degrees C, in the
      presence of 2 mM MgCl2 and 5 microM [gamma-32P]ATP there was a rapid
      phosphorylation of the enzyme with a pseudofirst order rate constant of 1400 min
      1. Addition of the ATP about 120 ms before the MgCl2 increased this rate constant
      to 4400 min-1. In the absence of MgCl2 there was no phosphorylation. Addition of
      4 or 10 mM KCl to the phosphoenzyme which had been formed in the absence of KCl
      produced a rapid initial rate of dephosphorylation (k = 2600 and 3200 min-1
      respectively). An additional slow component of dephosphorylation was observed
      when unlabeled ATP was added together with the KCl (k = 700 to 900 min-1). At a 4
      mM concentration, KCl stimulated the ATPase activity about 9-fold. At higher
      concentrations, the activity was reduced in parallel with a reduction of the
      steady state level of phosphoenzyme. Addition of KCl to the enzyme before the
      addition of ATP plus MgCl2 resulted in a low rate and extent of phosphorylation.
      KCl appeared to inhibit the phosphorylation at a level preceeding the E.ATP
      complex.

PMID- 159304
TI  - The effects of kallikrein, plasmin, and thrombin on hog kidney renin.
AB  - Pretreatment of hog high molecular weight renin for 30 min at 37 degrees C with
      0.12 unit of either kallikrein or thrombin significantly increased (p less than
      0.001) the amount of angiotensin I formed during subsequent incubations with
      homologous angiotensinogen. However, the thrombin-treated hog renin had 13 times
      more activity than the kallikrein-treated enzyme. Aprotinin did not inhibit the
      kallikrein-mediated activation of renin; the results indicated that aprotinin
      inhibited renin preferentially. Plasmin (0.25 unit) had little effect on the
      activity of high molecular weight renin. The molecular weight of hog renin on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was not altered after
      exposure to either kallikrein, thrombin, or plasmin. These results do not exclude
      the occurrence of a limited proteolytic event or a conformational change beyond
      the detection of the current method. The data show that the activation of hog
      high molecular weight renin by thrombin and kallikrein was not associated with
      the conversion of renin to Mr = 43,000.

PMID- 159305
TI  - Composition of complex V of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system.

PMID- 159306
TI  - Mutants of Escherichia coli that do not contain 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) or
      spermidine.
AB  - Strains of Escherichia coli K12 have been constructed which do not contain any of
      the polyamines normally present in a wild type strain, namely, 1,4-diaminobutane
      (putrescine) and spermidine. This phenotype arises as a consequence of the
      assembly into these strains of deletion mutations in speA (arginine
      decarboxylase), speB (agmatine ureohydrolase), speC (ornithine decarboxylase),
      and speD (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase). The polyamine-deficient strains grow
      indefinitely in the absence of polyamines but with a growth rate one-third of
      that found in the presence of polyamines. These strains can act as hosts for
      bacteriophages T4, T7, and f2, although the latter phage is poorly adsorbed; they
      can also maintain F' factors, ColE1 and P1 plasmids, and lysogeny by
      bacteriophage lambda. In contrast, the production of bacteriophage lambda in the
      absence of polyamines is strikingly decreased (greater than 99%) either after
      infection of a nonlysogen or after induction of a lysogen. A polyamine-deficient
      Hfr strain can transfer its chromosome to a recipient at a normal rate, but the
      number of recombinants observed in a cross is decreased approximately 300-fold.
      No such effect is observed when only the F- recipient strain in a cross is
      polyamine deficient.

PMID- 159307
TI  - Phenylglyoxal modification of cardiac myosin S-1. Evidence for essential arginine
      residues at the active site.
AB  - The role of arginine residues in the catalytic activity of cardiac myosin
      subfragment-1 (S-1) was investigated by selective modification with
      phenylglyoxal. Incorporation of about 2.8 mol of phenylglyoxal/mol of S-1
      decreased Ca2+-ATPase activity about 50%. Gelation of the protein occurred at
      about 70% inactivation; however, extrapolation to complete inactivation indicated
      that loss of activity correlated with modification of about 4 arginyls/mol.
      Partial inactivation of S-1 with phenylglyoxal also decreased MgADP binding
      markedly. When S-1 was modified in the presence of 5 mM MgADP, only 2
      arginyls/mol were blocked and there was almost complete protection against loss
      of Ca2+-ATPase activity and ability to bind MgADP. Similar protection against
      inactivation by phenylglyoxal was obtained with MgATP or sodium pyrophosphate,
      but not with MgAMP or magnesium adenosine. These results suggest that 2
      arginyls/myosin head are important for enzymatic activity, possibly serving as
      attachment points between enzyme and substrate. These essential arginyls were
      localized to a 17,000-dalton cyanogen bromide peptide from the heavy chain
      fragment of S-1.

PMID- 159308
TI  - Mapping and cloning of Neurospora crassa mitochondrial transfer RNA genes.
AB  - We have obtained collections of recombinant Escherichia coli plasmids containing
      restriction fragments of Neurospora crassa mitochondrial DNA cloned into pBR322.
      By hybridization of 32P end-labeled total mitochondrial tRNAs and seven different
      purified tRNAs to restriction digests of mitochondrial DNA and of recombinant
      plasmids carrying specific restriction fragments, we have located the tRNA genes
      on the mitochondrial DNA. We have found that the mitochondrial tRNA genes are
      present in two major clusters, one between the two ribosomal RNA genes and the
      second closely following the large rRNA gene. Only one of the two DNA strands
      within these clusters codes for tRNAs. All of the genes for the seven specific
      purified tRNAs examined--those for alanine, formylmethionine, leucine 1, leucine
      2, threonine, tyrosine, and valine--lie within these clusters. Interestingly, the
      formylmethionine tRNA hybridizes to two loci within one of these gene clusters.
      We have obtained a fairly detailed restriction map of part of this cluster and
      have shown that the two "putative" genes for formylmethionine tRNA are not
      arranged in tandem but are separated by more than 900 base pairs and by at least
      two other tRNA genes, those for alanine and for leucine 1 tRNAs.

PMID- 159309
TI  - Examination of four newly synthesized 2-chloroethylnitrosoureas in comparison
      with BCNU, CCNU, MeCCNU, chlorozotocin and hydroxyethyl-CNU in preterminal rat
      leukemia L 5222.
AB  - The newly synthesized nitrosoureas 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3
      (methylenecarboxamido)-urea (Acetamido-CNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(4
      morpholino)-urea (Morpholino-CNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(1-piperidino)
      urea (Piperidino-CNU), and 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]
      ethylmethanesulfonate (Ethylmethanesulfonato-CNU) were compared in their
      chemotherapeutic activity against preterminal rat leukemia L 5222 with BCNU,
      CCNU, MeCCNU, Chlorozotocin, and Hydroxyethyl-CNU. With respect to the dose range
      effecting a median survival time of more than 90 days, MeCCNU was superior to the
      other substances. Chlorozotocin, on the other hand, was the only substance which
      achieved no cures in this experimental arrangement. From the four newly
      introduced substances the water-soluble substances Acetamido-CNU and Morpholino
      CNU were approximately comparable to CCNU with regard to the dose range effecting
      a median survival time of greater than 90 days. Piperidino-CNU and
      Ethylmethanesulfonato-CNU also effected cures; however, only Piperidino-CNU in
      one dosage effected a median survival time of greater than 90 days.

PMID- 159310
TI  - Characterization of gastric mucosal membranes. X. Immunological studies of
      gastric (H+ + K+)-ATPase.
AB  - Gastric mucosal homogenates from hog were fractionated by differential and
      density gradient centrifugation and free-flow electrophoresis. The two major
      membrane fractions (FI and FII) thus obtained are distinct both enzymically and
      in terms of transport reactivity. This heterogenicity extends to their antigenic
      activity. Purified antibodies which were raised against the K+-ATPase-containing
      H+ transport fraction FI were of two types: inhibitory and non-inhibitory.
      Inhibitory antibodies reduced the K+-ATPase activity by approximately 80% and the
      K+-p-nitro-phenylphosphatase activity by approximately 40% in a concentration
      dependent manner, while the small Mg++-dependent component of the enzyme activity
      was unaffected. Antibodies inhibiting the K+-ATPase also inhibited H+ transport.
      These antibodies did not cross-react with the other major membrane fraction
      isolated by free-flow electrophoresis, FII, and gave a single band on rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis. Antibodies against this FII fraction also did not react
      with the K+-ATPase and were heterogeneous, giving at least four bands with rocket
      immunoelectrophoresis and inhibiting both the 5'-nucleotidase and Mg++-ATPase of
      this fraction. Immunofluorescent staining of tissue sections showed that the FI
      was derived from the parietal cell of gastric tissue and was localized to the
      supranuclear area of the cell. Staining of isolated rat gastric cell suspensions
      by FI antibodies confirmed the selectivity of the antibody and showed a polar,
      plasma membrane localization. FII antibodies also largely stained the parietal
      cells in tissue sections. In the 16 hog tissues tested, FI antibodies cross
      reacted only with gastric fundus, thyroid and weakly with thymus.
      Immunoelectronmicroscopy showed that FI antibodies reacted strongly with the
      secretory membrane at the apical cell surface of the parietal cells and at the
      secretory canaliculi, weakly with the apical surface of the zymogen cell, and not
      with the basal-lateral surface of the cells. Thus, the protontranslocating ATPase
      is localized in the parietal cells and in the region postulated to be the site of
      acid secretion.

PMID- 159311
TI  - Poor mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulatory capacity of leukemic B cells of
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients despite the presence of Ia antigens.
AB  - The human Ia-like antigens, selectively expressed on B lymphocytes, are now
      recognized to be closely associated with, or identical to, the gene products of
      the major histocompatibility complex responsible for stimulation in the mixed
      lymphocyte reaction. The leukemic B lymphocytes of patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia express these antigens very well. In the present study they
      were readily detected by several techniques utilizing both allo- and
      heteroantisera. However, the leukemic B cells from most patients were found to be
      extremely poor stimulating cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. This was
      particularly apparent when comparisons were made on a B-cell basis with isolated
      normal B lymphocytes. Leukemic cell death, abnormal kinetics of leukemic cell
      mediated stimulation, and serum or cellular suppressor factors do not appear to
      explain these findings. Studies comparing cells from a leukemic patient with
      those of her HLA identical sibling and results of mixed lymphocyte reactions
      between normal and leukemic subjects discordant for D-region-associated Ia
      antigens ruled out genetic explanations for the differences observed. Experiments
      with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells depleted of T cells and monocytes
      exclude the quantitative deficiency of monocytes which is found in the peripheral
      blood of most leukemic patients as an explanation. The present results with
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells indicate that the mere expression of the Ia
      like antigens by cell populations does not render them effective stimulators. The
      accumulated evidence obtained indicate that abnormalities, particularly of
      membrane function and metabolism, known to occur in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      lymphocytes may be involved in the poor stimulatory capacity of the leukemic B
      cells.

PMID- 159312
TI  - Studies of immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. T-cell
      subsets and antibodies to T-cell subsets.
AB  - Antibodies to T cells present in the plasma of patients with active systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE) plus complement are able to eliminate concanavalin A
      induced suppressor function for the proliferative responses of T cells to
      allogeneic lymphocytes (MLR) and of B cells to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Such
      antibodies were found to be effective in eliminating suppressor function only
      when T cells were treated before activation; there was no effect when treatment
      was performed after activation. These studies indicate that the antibodies
      preferentially interact with a T cell necessary for the generation of suppressor
      cells, rather than with mature, activated suppressor cells. Studies of individual
      SLE patients indicate that the same defects observed in SLE T cells were induced
      in normal T cells by plasma from that patient. Such observations suggest that
      many T-cell defects associated with active SLE may not be intrinsic T-cell
      abnormalities, but, rather, secondary effects of anti-T-cell antibodies. Studies
      of the T-cell subpopulations responsible for suppression of the MLR and PWM
      responses indicate that only T gamma cells (T cells bearing receptors for the Fc
      portion of immunoglobulin [Ig]G) acted as precursors of suppressor cells for the
      MLR, whereas both T gamma and T non-gamma cells (T cells not bearing receptors
      for the Fc portion of IgG) could be activated to suppress the PWM response.
      Consistent with this observation, SLE anti-T-cell antibodies that preferentially
      killed T gamma cells preferentially eliminated suppressor cells for the MLR.

PMID- 159313
TI  - Effect of fasting and streptozotocin diabetes on insulin binding and action in
      the isolated mouse soleus muscle.
AB  - To investigate whether skeletal muscle is resistant to insulin in insulinopenic
      states, insulin binding and biological effects on glucose utilization were
      studied in isolated soleus muscles from 24- or 48-h-fasted mice and from
      streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Both 48-h fasting and diabetes led to an increase
      in insulin binding at insulin concentrations <3.4 nM. In both states, submaximal
      concentrations of insulin were also more effective in stimulating muscle 2
      deoxyglucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, and in activating glycogen synthase.
      This resulted in a two- to fourfold leftward shift in the insulin dose-response
      curves in muscles from both groups compared with control. No change in insulin
      binding or biological effects was detected in muscles from 24-h-fasted mice.
      Maximal insulin effectiveness on 2-deoxyglucose uptake and glycolysis was either
      unchanged or only slightly enhanced in 48-h-fasted mice and in diabetic animals,
      compared with controls. Maximal insulin effects on glycogen synthesis and
      glycogen synthase activation were unaltered by fasting or diabetes. Basal glucose
      uptake and glycolysis were similar in all groups of mice. In conclusion, when
      soleus muscles from 48-h-fasted mice and from diabetic mice are compared with
      controls it can be observed that, (a) at low insulin concentrations insulin
      binding is increased and insulin effectiveness in stimulating glucose transport
      and metabolism is enhanced; (b) biological responses to maximally effective
      insulin concentrations are either unaltered or slightly increased; (c) basal
      rates of glucose transport and metabolism are essentially unaltered. These
      results indicate that in insulinopenic states soleus muscle is not insulin
      resistant in vitro but is hypersensitive to low concentrations of insulin, and
      normally responsive to maximally effective doses of the hormone.

PMID- 159314
TI  - Suppression of immune complex vasculitis in rats by prostaglandin.
AB  - Immune complex-induced vascular damage can be markedly suppressed by treatment of
      rats with either prostaglandin (PG)E1 or its stable derivative, 15-(S)-15-methyl
      PGE1, but not with PGF2 alpha. In addition, PGD2 and PGE2 also show suppressive
      effects. The PGE1 derivative is considerably more effective than PGE1 and shows
      potent anti-inflammatory activity even after oral administration. Suppression of
      the vasculitis reaction is reflected by a greatly diminished increase in
      vasopermeability, indicating little or no vascular damage. In suppressed animals,
      the infiltration of neutrophils is greatly reduced, and those leukocytes that
      have appeared at tissue sites fail to show phagocytic uptake of immune complexes.
      In suppressed animals, the skin sites nevertheless show deposits of immune
      complexes and C3 fixation in vascular walls. Neutrophils harvested from the blood
      of rats treated with PGE1 show depressed responsiveness in chemotaxis and in
      enzyme secretion after incubation with chemotactic peptide. These studies
      indicate that certain PG have potent anti-inflammatory activity, which may be
      related to their effects on leukocytes.

PMID- 159315
TI  - Induction of suppressor activity in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and
      in cultures with concanavalin A.
AB  - T lymphocytes that are activated in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction
      (MLR) have suppressor activity. Concanavalin A (Con A) augments the suppressor
      activity generated in cultures containing both T and non-T lymphocytes and can
      induce suppressor activity in T-lymphocyte preparations that contain too few
      (10%) non-T cells to generate a significant autologous MLR. However, when such T
      lymphocyte preparations are further depleted of adherent cells and contain less
      than 2% non-T cells, Con A fails to induce suppressor activity. These findings
      support the concept that an autologous MLR may play an important role in
      generation of suppressor cells by Con A.

PMID- 159316
TI  - Importance of hepatic portal circulation for insulin action in streptozotocin
      diabetic rats transplanted with fetal pancreases.
AB  - The importance of the hepatic portal circulation in the response to insulin was
      assessed in streptozotocin-diabetic rats transplanted with syngeneic fetal
      pancreases. Partial reversal of diabetes was accomplished by transplantation of
      two or three fetal pancreases beneath the capsule of the kidney; complete
      reversal followed shunting of the venous drainage from the transplants to the
      liver. Plasma glucose after streptozotocin of 509+/-31 mg/dl (mean+/-SEM) fell
      after transplantation to 395+/-23 and after the shunt to 143+/-5 mg/dl. Urine
      volume fell from 84+/-4 to 50+/-5 ml/d and then to normal (17+/-1 ml/d) after the
      shunt. Glucose excretion which was 8.1+/-0.3 g/d after streptozotocin fell after
      transplantation to 4.8+/-0.3 g/d and after the shunt completely disappeared from
      the urine. The disappearance rate of glucose injected into the circulation, which
      was 0.50+/-0.07%/min in untreated diabetes, increased to 1.39+/-0.38%/min after
      transplantation and to 2.52+/-0.31%/min after the shunt, not different from
      normal controls (2.79+/-0.25). Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was below
      normal (25-35 muU/ml) and unresponsive to glucose in untreated diabetic rats.
      After transplantation IRI levels ranged from 73-223 muU/ml and there was no rise
      after glucose injection. After the shunt both the basal IRI (36+/-5 muU/ml) and
      the peak response to glucose at 10 min (58+/-7 muU/ml) were the same as in normal
      controls (42+/-4 and 62+/-7 muU/ml, respectively). The fall in IRI after the
      shunt is explained by increased extraction of insulin passing into the liver and
      also diminished secretion. After removal of the transplants plasma glucose and
      urine values returned almost to pretransplant levels. Secretion of insulin by
      transplanted pancreases into the liver enhances the effectiveness probably by
      increased extraction and action and reveals the importance of the normal route
      for insulin delivery.

PMID- 159318
TI  - Cell-mediated cytotoxic responses of spleen cells from mice bearing primary,
      chemically induced tumors.
AB  - Sarcomas were induced in C57BL/6 mice by using 3-methylcholanthrene. Spleen cells
      taken from these mice bearing primary, chemically induced tumors and from matched
      control mice were assessed for the capacity to generate cell-mediated cytotoxic
      cell activity after in vitro sensitization. Spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice
      generated strong cell-mediated cytotoxic responses against alloantigens and
      antigens on syngeneic cells.

PMID- 159319
TI  - Cell-mediated lympholysis by human maternal and neonatal lymphocytes: mother's
      reactivity against neonatal cells and vice versa.
AB  - Maternal reactivity in cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) against cells from her own
      child is, in average, half of the maternal reactivity against unrelated adult
      cells. This finding remains the same when cells from a newborn or from an older
      child are used, suggesting that the reduced maternal reactivity is based rather
      on the one haplotype identity between the mother and child than on the occurrence
      of specific maternal tolerance. Consistently, CML-capacity of the child, directed
      against cells of own mother, is half of the control values, again independently
      of the child's age.

PMID- 159320
TI  - Sex-related immunocompetence of BALB/c mice. I. Study of immunologic
      responsiveness of neonatal, weanling, and young adult mice.
AB  - The responses of lymphoid cells from the thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen of male
      and female BALB/c mice were evaluated to determine if sex-related variations in
      immune expression could be found. Immunologic assays used included blastogenic
      responses to mitogens, mixed lymphocyte responses, and direct and indirect
      measurement of plaque-forming cells against soluble and particulate antigens. The
      results indicated that responses of spleen cells from young adult female mice
      were higher than those of males in all comparative tests. Little or no
      differences between the sexes were observed in the mitogenesis of lymph nodes and
      thymuses. Newborn mice did not demonstrate the sex-associated immune differences.
      Among the weanling mice slight differences between male and female spleen cells
      responsiveness to mitogenic agents were observed.

PMID- 159321
TI  - Lyt phenotypes of responding cells in secondary alloantigen responses.
AB  - Lymphocytes responding in a "secondary" MLC-CML system, after in vitro
      sensitization, apparently fall into two classes with regard to their Lyt
      phenotype. First, are the cells that form the majority of the proliferating cells
      after restimulation with either I or K + I differences, which are Lyt 1-2, and
      second, are Tc that are Lyt 1-2+. The Lyt 1-2- proliferating cells are not
      cytotoxic and are lysed by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum in the presence of
      C.

PMID- 159322
TI  - Active suppression of B lymphocyte maturation by two different newborn T
      lymphocyte subsets.

PMID- 159323
TI  - Regulation of the murine IgE antibody response. I. Characterization of suppressor
      cells regulating both persistent and transient responses and their sensitivity to
      low doses of X-irradiation.
AB  - Anti-ovalbumin (OA) IgE antibody responses were measured in B6D2F1 mice as a
      function of time and antigen dose. One hundred to 200 microgram of OA in Al(OH)3
      elicited transient responses, whereas 1 to 10 microgram of OA in Al(OH)3 elicited
      persistent anti-OA IgE responses of high titer. T cells isolated from the spleens
      of mice mounting either a persistent or a transient response strongly suppressed
      primary anti-DNP IgE responses in unirradiated recipient mice that were immunized
      with DNP-OA in Al(OH)3; it was, therefore, concluded that suppressor T cells (Ts
      cells) were activated during both the persistent and transient IgE responses.
      Nevertheless, in the present study it was not possible to completely rule out the
      contention that IgG antibodies may also have been suppressing the IgE response.
      With a modified adoptive transfer system, it was shown that these Ts cells were
      sensitive to low doses (250 R) of x-irradiation. The suppressive activity of long
      term OA primed cells was also shown to be markedly enhanced when cultured for 24
      hr with soluble OA; this finding was interpreted to indicate the presence of
      memory suppressor cells.

PMID- 159325
TI  - III. Acne.

PMID- 159324
TI  - The Qa-2 antigen on lymphocyte subpopulations. Mixed lymphocyte culture and cell
      mediated lympholysis.
AB  - Treatments of spleen cells from Qa-2+ strains with Qa-2 antiserum plus complement
      (C) have revealed that the Qa-2 antigen is present on restricted functional
      lymphocyte subpopulations. Anti-Qa-2 plus C reduced the mixed lymphocyte culture
      response and inhibited the generation of cytolytic effector cells. This
      treatment, however, did not affect cytolytic effector cells once they were
      generated.

PMID- 159326
TI  - [Survey for hepatitis B antigen in an institution for mentally retarded: role of
      saliva in the transmission of HBV (author's transl)].

PMID- 159327
TI  - [The topographical localization of spinal motoneurons of the rat and its
      numerical alternation in regard to development (author's transl)].
AB  - The topographical localization of spinal motoneurons innervating the forelimb
      muscles of the rat and its numerical alternation in regard to development was
      observed by HRP (horseradish peroxidase) method. HRP method is a histochemical
      technique to trace the cellular origin of axon terminal net work. When HRP is
      injected into the muscles, the enzyme is taken up by nerve endings and
      transported retrogradely by the axoplamic flow to the original cell body, and
      does not transported hematogenously and does not cross the synapse. The spinal
      motoneurons were found in spindle-shape longitudinal cell columns according to
      its innervation. The motoneurons supplying the biceps brachii muscle were located
      in the dorso-lateral nucleus on the anterior horn of the 4th cervical segment,
      and extended downward to the ventral nucleus in 8th cervical segment, forming a
      spindle-shape cell column. The thick spindle-shape cell column consisting of
      cells which innervated the triceps brachii muscle lied in the ventro-medial
      nucleus of the 6th, 7th and 8th cervical segment. The neurons innervating the
      flexor carpi ulnaris muscle were located in 7th and 8th cervical segment, but few
      in number compared to those of the biceps and triceps. The motoneurons
      innervating the biceps brachii muscle decreased in number with increasing age
      according to exponential curve. The total number of HRP-labeled neurons in two
      week old rat ranged from 2,932 to 2,017 and markedly decreased during first eight
      weeks, in eight week old rat ranged from 1,637 to 603. After this, they gradually
      decreased to 312 in 50 weeks on an average, where the number corresponded to
      about 13% of those of two week old rat. The data indicate that ventral horn has a
      great deal of excess neurons which has a distinct neuromuscular connection as
      suggested by Prestige, in the developmental stage of Xenopus laevis. In young
      rats (ten days to two weeks of age), HRP-labeled neurons were also present in the
      ventral horn on the non-injected side. These large and multigonal contralateral
      HRP-labeled neurons constituted a characteristic feature of spinal motoneurons,
      and distributed through the same segment as those on injected side. The total
      number of HRP-labeled neurons within non-injected side ranged from 563 to 197 and
      corresponded from one-fifth to one-tenth of that in the injected side. In five
      weeks or elder rat, no HRP-labeled neurons could be observed in non-injected
      side. This indicates that in immature rats the muscles are innervated bilaterally
      by the spinal nerve, since HRP is transported by retrograde axoplasmic flow and
      does not cross the synapse, and the bilateral motor innervation has disappeared
      with maturation. The bilateral motor innervation is therefore, presumed to be an
      immature mode of innervation limited to the early stage of life. Although
      bilateral motor innervation following the nerve injury in the limb at the early
      stage of life has been confirmed by ourselves, the significance of the immature
      mode of innervation is still hard to explain.

PMID- 159328
TI  - [Preoperative administration of antineoplastic agents against gastric cancer. V.
      Clinical evaluation of combined chemotherapy with neocarzinostatin (NCS) and 5
      fluorouracil (combined NF therapy) (author's transl)].

PMID- 159329
TI  - Erythropoiesis and artificial blood substitution with a perfluorocarbon-polyol.
AB  - Rats were perfused with Fluosol-43, a perfluorotributylamine-pluronic F-68
      emulsion, to produce hematocrits of about 6% and the mechanisms of blood cell
      replacement were studied. The packed RBC volume and number of RBCs per cubic
      millimeter increased gradually as the time after perfusion was completed until
      reaching the preperfusion level at about 1 week. The WBCs per cubic millimeter,
      which were not as severely depleted because of their vast storage compartment,
      increased to preperfusion levels by 24 hr and continued to increase through 7
      days. Plasma did not show significant Ep activity until 48 to 72 hr after
      perfusion was concluded. Thus, although 90% of the RBCs were removed, elevated
      erythropoietin activity was not detected immediately because the perfluorocarbon
      compound replaced the capacity of the RBCs as an oxygen and carbon dioxide
      carrier.

PMID- 159330
TI  - Plasma androgens in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: androstenedione concentration
      as an index of adrenal androgen suppression.

PMID- 159331
TI  - Experimental IgA nephropathy.
AB  - An animal model for IgA immune complex nephritis was developed. IgA immune
      complexes formed in vitro with an IgA anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) derived from MOPC
      315 plasmacytoma, and dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) produced
      mild focal glomerulonephritis in mice. Similar, but more severe pathological
      changes were produced with complexes formed in vivo either in normal mice or MOPC
      315 tumor-bearing mice. In contrast to the focal nature of the PAS-positive
      glomerular lesions observed by light microscopy, immunofluorescent examination
      revealed IgA deposits in all glomeruli. This discrepancy between
      immunofluorescent and histopathologic findings as well as the distribution of the
      immune complexes within the affected glomeruli, are some of the features which
      bear resemblance between this experimental model and human IgA nephropathy.
      Fixation of complements by DNP-BSA-IgA immune complexes, formed in vitro or in
      vivo, was shown to occur in the glomeruli of mice with IgA immune complex
      nephropathy. The pattern of C3 glomerular deposits was similar to that of IgA.
      However, complement proved to be nonessential for complex deposition. This
      conclusion is based on the observation that decomplemented mice, although showing
      no deposition of C3 in their glomerulus, developed glomerular immunohistological
      changes similar to those observed in experimental mice that were not
      decomplemented. Polymeric IgA was observed to be critical for renal deposition of
      complexes and induction of nephritic histological changes. In contrast, monomeric
      IgA immune complexes failed to produce glomerular deposits. This finding raises
      the possibility that secretory IgA, which is predominantly polymeric, may play a
      role in human IgA-associated glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 159332
TI  - Management of aortic dissection.

PMID- 159333
TI  - Alternatives to the direct repair of occlusive lesions of major arteries.

PMID- 159334
TI  - [A chromosome study on 200 cases of Down's syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 159335
TI  - [Spontaneous csf fistulas in otorhinolaryngology (apropos of 4 cases, one of
      which is a double fistula, ethmoidal and labyrinthine)].

PMID- 159336
TI  - [Laryngeal microsurgery: instrumental technics and use of lasers].

PMID- 159337
TI  - [The rehabilitation of evidement cavities by Palva type tympanoplasty].

PMID- 159338
TI  - [Malignant foreign bodies of the respiratory tract in children].

PMID- 159339
TI  - [Value of otoadmittance measurements (tympanometry) in the diagnosis of ossicular
      chain ruptures].

PMID- 159340
TI  - [Laryngeal papillomatosis in the child: a new treatment with levamisole].

PMID- 159342
TI  - [Contraindications for and limitations of hearing aids in adults].

PMID- 159341
TI  - [2 cases of total ophthalmoplegia after section of the vidian nerve].

PMID- 159343
TI  - Investigation of the structure of the blue copper protein from Rhus vernicifera
      stellacyanin by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - The 270-MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of Cu(II), Cu(I), and apo
      stellacyanin are reported and compared. The data indicate that little
      conformational change occurs on reduction of the protein or on removing the
      copper ion. In the aromatic region of the spectra of the holoprotein, resonances
      associated with two freely titrating histidines are observed. Two additional
      sharp resonances are observed in the spectra of the apostellacyanin which are
      tentatively assigned to additional histidines. This result requires that not more
      than two histidines can be ligands since there are only four histidines in the
      whole protein. The absence of methionine has been reported and is one of the
      possible causes for the difference between stellacyanin and the other copper blue
      proteins. A comparison of these data with those available for other blue copper
      proteins, in conjunction with the sequence information, leads to a proposed
      structure for the copper site in stellacyanin.

PMID- 159344
TI  - GABA synthesis by cultured fibroblasts obtained from persons with Huntington's
      disease.

PMID- 159345
TI  - The role of the dental hygienist and occupational therapist in treating
      handicapped patients.

PMID- 159346
TI  - Selective effects of vibration on monosynaptic and late EMG responses in human
      soleus muscle after stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve or a tendon tap.
AB  - In normal subjects it was possible to evoke tendon and Hoffman reflexes which
      were followed by late EMG responses with a latency of 150-250 ms after the reflex
      stimuli. Analysis of the covariations of reflexes and late responses revealed
      that muscle spindle sensitivity and strength of the preceding twitch are not
      essential factors in determining the occurrence of the late responses as opposed
      to excitability changes within the spinal cord. Inhibition of monosynaptic
      reflexes and facilitation of late EMG responses to vibration indicate a
      difference in central pathways. A polysynaptic pathway may be involved in the
      late responses.

PMID- 159347
TI  - Peripheral nerve stimulation for pain relief using a multicontact electrode
      system. Technical note.

PMID- 159348
TI  - Effect of feeding sucrose or starch to rats made diabetic with streptozotocin.

PMID- 159349
TI  - Cumulative injury: a national problem.

PMID- 159350
TI  - The sociopolitical climate surrounding low back pain (LBP).

PMID- 159352
TI  - The natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infants of diabetic
      mothers.
AB  - Eleven infants of diabetic mothers with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have been
      followed for 30 to 40 months. All infants presented with cardiorespiratory
      distress and were found to have disproportionate septal hypertrophy on
      echocardiogram. Cardiac catheterization was done in four infants; three had
      significant subaortic obstruction. One infant had remarkable improvement after
      treatment with propranolol. Two infants who received digoxin did poorly and
      responded favorably to cessation of therapy. The natural history of HCM-IDM
      appears to be benign, with a resolution of symptoms within two to four weeks and
      a resolution of septal hypertrophy within two to 12 months. Most of the infants
      need only supportive care; if pharmacologic intervention is deemed necessary,
      propranolol appears to be the drug of choice. The natural history of this entity
      is that of spontaneous regression of symptoms and septal hypertrophy irrespective
      of therapy.

PMID- 159351
TI  - Echocardiographic abnormalities in infants of diabetic mothers.
AB  - In order to evaluate the presence of myocardial hypertrophy and/or abnormalities
      of postnatal cardiovascular adaptation, echocardiograms were performed on 34
      infants of diabetic mothers. Based on cardiopulmonary assessment, the IDM were
      divided into three groups: Group I with congestive heart failure predominating:
      Group II with respiratory distress predominating: Group III asymptomatic.
      Hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and of the walls of left and right
      ventricles was frequently present in IDM: this change was most notable in
      association with clinical CHF. Six IDM, four of whom were found to have CHF, had
      additional echocardiographic signs of subaortic stenosis. All IDM had normal
      indices of left ventricular performance, despite the presence of CHE. In IDM with
      respiratory distress, the right ventricular pre-ejection period to ventricular
      ejection time ratio was elevated, suggesting an abnormality of the transitional
      pulmonary circulation. Poor maternal diabetes control and maternal systemic
      hypertension were closely correlated with evidence of myocardial hypertrophy in
      the infants.

PMID- 159353
TI  - Determinants of the prune belly syndrome.

PMID- 159355
TI  - Methods used to compare monosynaptic and multisynaptic projection of spindle
      afferents to jaw elevator motoneurones of different types [proceedings].

PMID- 159354
TI  - Fibromuscular dysplasia of renal arteries: an important cause of renovascular
      hypertension in children.
AB  - Fibromuscular dysplasia of renal arteries was the cause of hypertension in four
      consecutive children with renal artery stenosis. Two were asymptomatic, the third
      had had hypertension for seven years but had not been treated, and the fourth, a
      9-month-old infant, presented with cardiac failure. Heart enlargement and left
      ventricular hypertrophy were present in all. Rapid sequence urograms demonstrated
      a smaller kidney and delayed appearance and disappearance of the contrast medium
      on the affected side in all. Angiograms showed left RAS in all. Peripheral plasma
      renin activity was elevated in only three of the four patients. Antihypertensive
      and diuretic drugs were not very effective therapeutically. Ischemia of the
      ipsilateral kidney probably prevented normal growth and led to shrinkage of the
      kidney in one patient. Following nephrectomy the BP has remained normal without
      any therapy for 24 to 64 months. With normalization of BP, accelerated growth
      ensued, the cardiomegaly regressed and the hypertensive retinopathy resolved.
      These patients demonstrate that: (1) FMD is an important cause of RAS. (2) the
      well-known radiologic feature of FMD, the beaded appearance, is usually not seen
      in children. (3) control of BP leads to normalization of linear growth, usually
      impaired in severe hypertension, and (4) target organ complications such as
      cardiomegaly, LVH, and hypertensive retinopathy are reversible in one to 10
      months.

PMID- 159358
TI  - Sensory innervation of cat hind-limb muscle spindles [proceedings].

PMID- 159357
TI  - Responses of muscle and joint afferents recorded from the Gasserian ganglion of
      rabbits [proceedings].

PMID- 159356
TI  - Autogenetic inhibition of motoneurones by impulses in group Ia muscle spindle
      afferents.
AB  - 1. Inhibitory post-synaptic potentials evoked by adequate stimulation of group Ia
      muscle spindle afferents of homonymous and synergistic muscles and by selective
      electrical stimulation of tendon organ afferents were analysed in motoneurones of
      triceps surae and plantaris. 2. Selective activation of Ia afferents was verified
      to occur with brief stretches of triceps surae and plantaris 35 micrometer or
      less in amplitude with an initial muscle tension of 5 N; stretches of 30--35
      micrometer were estimated to activate 80--90% of Ia afferents in these muscles.
      Under the same conditions the lowest thresholds for group Ib tendon organ
      afferents were about 40 micrometer. 3. Stretches less than or equal to 30
      micrometer evoked i.p.s.p.s in 80% of triceps surae and plantaris motoneurones;
      lowest thresholds for evoking i.p.s.p.s wef triceps surae and plantaris
      motoneurones; lowest thresholds for evoking i.p.s.p.s were 10 micrometer or less.
      However, such low thresholds for stretch-evoked i.p.s.p.s, lower than the
      thresholds for activation of Ib afferents, were found mainly in spinalized,
      unanaesthetized (after decerebration) or lightly anaesthetized animals. The
      latencies of these i.p.s.p.s indicated disynaptic and trisynaptic coupling
      between Ia afferents and motoneurones. The i.p.s.p.s were evoked (i) from the
      homonymous and synergistic muscles stretched together, (ii) from the homonymous
      muscles alone and (iii) from the synergistic muscles alone. 4. Control
      experiments showed that i.p.s.p.s could be evoked by stretches sub-threshold for
      discharging motoneurones, thus showing that those i.p.s.p.s were not mediated by
      Renshaw cells. The stretch-evoked i.p.s.p.s disappeared after sectioning the
      nerves from the corresponding muscles, further excluding their mediation by
      afferents other than group Ia afferents from thf stretched muscle. 5. In order to
      selectively activate tendon organ afferents, thresholds for excitation of Ia
      afferents by electrical stimuli were increased to a level above the threshold for
      Ib afferents by prolonged muscle vibration (Coppin, Jack & MacLennan, 1970).
      I.p.s.p.s evoked by stimuli near threshold for Ib afferents appeared with
      latencies indicating disynaptic coupling. Later (trisynaptic) components of Ib
      i.p.s.p.s required somewhat stronger stimuli. 6. Amplitudes of Ia i.p.s.p.s
      evoked by muscle stretches activating about 80% of muscle spindle afferents were
      compared with amplitudes of Ib i.p.s.p.s due to less than 50% of tendon organ
      afferents of the same muscles. The Ia i.p.s.p.s were much smaller (16--35%) than
      the Ib i.p.s.p.s. The amplitudes of such Ia and Ib i.p.s.p.s constituted about 10
      and 25--66%, respectively, of the maximal i.p.s.p.s evoked by electrical
      stimulation of all group I afferents. 7. We conclude that inhibition of
      motoneurones may be evoked from Ia muscle spindle afferents from homonymous and
      synergistic muscles as well as from Ib tendon organ afferents...

PMID- 159359
TI  - Responses of human muscle spindle afferents to the sudden onset of load at the
      beginning of a position holding task [proceedings].

PMID- 159360
TI  - Gastroschisis: lyodura repair.

PMID- 159361
TI  - Unique leukemic non-T/non-B lymphoid cell lines (REH and KM-3): absence of MLR-S
      and presence of suppressor cell activity for normal T-cell response.
AB  - The present study unequivocally demonstrates that leukemic non-T/non-B lymphod
      cells from three cell lines (NALL-1, NALM-6 and NALM-16) possess a strong
      stimulating capacity in "one-way" mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR-S), while
      leukemic cells from two non-T/non-B cell lines (REH and KM-3) possess no MLR-S.
      It is speculated that leukemic non-T/non-B lymphoid cells with MLR-S may
      represent less differentiated leukemic B cells and leukemic non-T/B lymphoid
      cells without MLR-S may represent less differentiated leukemic T cells. The REH
      or KM-3 cells without MLR-S also act as suppressor cells on normal T lymphocyte
      response to mitogen and allogeneic cells by secreting a potent suppressor
      activity. The MOLT-4 leukemic T lymphoid cells with no MLR-S, on the other hand,
      do not act as suppressor cells on T lymphocyte response. The soluble factor(s)
      secreted by the REH or KM-3 cell line is non-toxic to T lymphocytes and heat
      sensitive. A significant suppression of T lymphocyte response is still observed,
      even when the active material is only present for one hour prior to the addition
      of PHA or it is added several days after the beginning of cultures. The
      biological and physico-chemical nature of this active material has not been
      defined. Further studies are currently in progress for biological and physico
      chemical characterization and isolation of the active material.

PMID- 159362
TI  - Characteristics of peritoneal lymphocytes from New Zealand Black and normal mice
      autoreactive for mouse erythrocytes.
AB  - New Zealand Black mice spontaneously develop autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
      Peritoneal cavity lymphocytes from NZB mice include a high proportion of cells
      that bind autologous erythrocytes. These cells produce ani-erythrocyte antibody
      that can be demonstrated when target erythrocytes are treated with bromelin. Such
      autoreactive cells are also present in normal mice, though in much smaller
      numbers. Aging and sex influence the peritoneal anti-erythrocyte response to
      bromelin-treated mouse erythrocytes. Older mice generally produce more rosettes
      and plaques than younger animals, and females have higher responses than males.
      During short-term culture in the absence of antigen, the response to bromelin
      treated mouse erythrocytes increases. By contrast, the response to untreated
      mouse erythrocytes decreases during the same culture conditions. The in vitro
      response to bromelin-treated mouse erythrocytes by New Zealand Black peritoneal
      lymphocytes is suppressed by a cell that binds to untreated erythrocytes. The
      enhanced response to bromelin-treated mouse erythrocytes in culture may reflect
      the loss of this suppressor cell.

PMID- 159363
TI  - Unusual modification of bacteriophage Mu DNA.
AB  - Bacteriophage Mu DNA was labeled after induction in the presence of [2
      (3)H]adenine or [8-(3)H]adenine. Both Mu mom(+).dam(+) DNA and Mu mom(-).dam(+)
      DNA have similar N(6)-methyladenine (MeAde) contents, as well as similar
      frequencies of MeAde nearest neighbors. Both DNAs are sensitive to in vitro
      cleavage by R.DpnI but resistant to cleavage by R.DpnII. These results indicate
      that the mom(+) protein does not alter the sequence specificity of the host
      dam(+) methylase to produce MeAde at new sites. However, we have discovered a new
      modified base, denoted A(x), in Mu mom(+).dam(+) DNA; approximately 15% of the
      adenine residues are modified to A(x). Although the precise nature of the
      modification is not yet defined, analysis by electrophoresis and chromatography
      indicates that the N(6)-amino group is not the site of modification, and that the
      added moiety contains a free carboxyl group. A(x) is not present in Mu
      mom(+).dam(+) or Mu mom(-).dam(+) phage DNA or in cellular DNA from uninduced Mu
      mom(+).dam(+) lysogens. These results suggest that expression of the dam(+) and
      mom(+) genes are required for the A(x) modification and that this modification is
      responsible for protecting Mu DNA against certain restriction nucleases. Mu
      mom(+).dam(-) DNA and Mu mom(-).dam(-) DNA contain a very low level of MeAde (ca.
      1 MeAde per 5,000 adenine residues). Since the only nearest neighbor to MeAde
      appears to be cytosine, we suggest that the methylated sequence is 5'... C-A(*)
      C... 3' and that this methylation is mediated by the EcoK modification enzyme.

PMID- 159365
TI  - Sacral signal tracing: the electrophysiology of the bulbocavernosus reflex.
AB  - We studied 52 men with electrophysiologic testing of the bulbocavernosus reflex
      to determine reflex latency. The bulbocavernosus reflex was demonstrated to be a
      segmental polysynaptic reflex with cross-over in the sacral spinal cord.
      Excellent correlation was obtained between prolonged latency and clinical
      evidence of neuropathy. The examination may be useful clinically to evaluate
      patients suspected to have sacral cord lesions or pudendal neuropathy (for
      example impotence, chronic back pain and lesions of the cauda equina and
      peripheral nerves).

PMID- 159364
TI  - Electrophoretic characterization of intracellular forms of bacteriophage phi X174
      DNA: identification of novel intermediate of altered superhelix density.
AB  - The replication cycle of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA has been analyzed by agarose
      gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic behavior of the predominant species of
      parental and progeny DNA molecules formed between 5 and40 min after infection was
      deduced and quantitated. Migration through 1.4% agarose at 5 and 10 V/cm resolved
      all known viral DNA species as well as fragments of host chromosomal DNA. Among
      parental replicative form(RF) molecules synthesized, 1 to 3% were full length
      linear duplexes (RFIII) and approximately 65% were closed circular duplexes
      (RFI). Most of the input viral strands remained in a duplex structure throughout
      the period of infection studied here. Among progeny molecules, RFIII was not
      readily detected unless viral DNA synthesis was inhibited by chloramphenicol.
      Late in infection, 20% of the progeny RF were found to exist as form I dna. in
      addition, approximately 1% of the viral DNA was found as unit length linear
      single strands. Electrophoretic analysis of RF DNA after controlled denaturation
      suggests the existence of four populations of closed circular RF: (i) molecules
      of native superhelix density (RFI); (ii) a population of molecules of altered
      topological linking number, alpha, differing in increments of one superhelical
      turn (tau) between tau values of 0 and approximately -31; (iii) a superimposed
      population of topological isomers which under electrophoresis conditions have
      mean tau value (tau) equal to +5; and (iv) a population of "complexed" molecules
      with a reduced number of superhelical turns due to their association with single
      stranded DNA and RNA. Complexed parental molecules isolated from cells infected
      at high multiplicity released FRI and homologous single-stranded DNA upon
      denaturation and are postulated to be intermediates in genetic recombination.
      Complexed RF DNA isolated from cells infected at low multiplicity release native
      supercoils upon reaction with RNase H and are observed by electron microscopy to
      contain displacement loops. Such molecules are likely intermediates in
      transcription. Our results are consistent with a structure of complexed RFI
      involving a partially triple-stranded helix in which a covalently closed circular
      duplex molecule contains a reduced number of superhelical turns due to the
      unwinding produced by base pairing between one strand of the supercoil and an
      associated homologous single strand of DNA or RNA.

PMID- 159366
TI  - The flow rate nomogram: I. Development.
AB  - In normal individuals the flow rate depends on the initial bladder volume in a
      non-linear fashion. A flow rate nomogram taking this relationship into account
      was developed as an aid in the interpretation of urinary flow rate data. With
      this approach excellent differentiation of normal from obstructed individuals was
      achieved. In addition, the variability in a single individual's flow rate over
      time was estimated to be relatively small and, thus, uroflowmetry may be used to
      identify changes in outflow resistance after medical or surgical therapy.

PMID- 159367
TI  - Angiocardiograms and hemodynamics in idiopathic cardiomyopathy, with reference to
      histology of biopsied ventricular myocardium.
AB  - Cardiac catheterization, angiocardiography and ventricular muscle biopsy were
      performed in forty patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and included 21 cases
      of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 19 cases of congestive cardiomyopathy. 1)
      Cardiac catheterization revealed normal cardiac index and stroke index in both
      types, although there was a slight tendency toward decrease in cases of CCM. HCM
      showed slightly elevated right ventricular end-diastolic pressure and left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure with a high incidence of atrial kick. CCM
      showed an elevated mean pulmonary artery, mean pulmonary wedge and left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure. 2) Angiocardiographic findings revealed that
      in HCM left ventricular end-diastolic volume as well as left ventricular end
      systolic volume, ejection fraction, meanVcf and MNSER were within normal range,
      and left ventricular anterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass and
      shortening of short axis in systole were increased. In CCM left ventricular end
      diastolic volume and end-systolic volume increased, and ejection fraction,
      meanVcf, MNSER were decreased. The left ventricular anterior wall thickness was
      normal, and the left ventricular mass was smaller compared to the volume. The
      shortening of long and short axes in systole was slight. Left ventricular
      asynergy and mitral regurgitation occurred frequently. Coronary cineangiograms
      revealed normal patterns in both types. 3) Histological findings revealed
      hypertrophy of myofibers, degenerative changes, i.e. scarcity of myofibrils,
      deformity of nucleus and vacuolization of myocardial fibers, and collagen
      proliferation in both types. 4) No definite relationship was seen between
      parameters of left ventricular function and the findings of biopsied left
      ventricular muscle except for increase in wall thickness which might be
      apparently due to hypertrophy of the myocardial fibers.

PMID- 159368
TI  - Changes in Ca-ATPase activity and Ca uptake rate of heart muscle SR of the stroke
      prone SHR in relation to aging [proceedings].

PMID- 159369
TI  - Ultrastructural study on hypertrophied myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats: a qualitative and quantitative comparison of left and right ventricle
      [proceedings].

PMID- 159370
TI  - Correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary arterial wall
      thickening in SHR [proceedings].

PMID- 159371
TI  - Effect of pulse pressure on the blood flow into recurrent branches [proceedings].

PMID- 159372
TI  - Changes in Ca-ATPase activity and Ca uptake rate of erythrocytes of the stroke
      prone SHR in relation to aging [proceedings].

PMID- 159373
TI  - The blood pressure, life span, body weight in both sexes of SHRSP during 55 weeks
      under specific pathogen free system [proceedings].

PMID- 159374
TI  - [Clinical application of fungus extracts and its culture filtrate in the
      treatment of skin diseases; (2) sporotrichin in the treatment of sporotrichosis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 159375
TI  - [Communication through the palm of the hand. Life of the deaf and blind. 9. Death
      of a patient at a residential facility for the disabled].

PMID- 159376
TI  - Immunologic abnormalities in melanoma-prone families.
AB  - Sixty members of 4 families prone to cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and a
      genetically determined precursor nevus syndrome underwent extensive immunologic
      evaluation. The most consistent finding was a diminished in vitro response to
      pooled alloantigens in the one-way mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and a tendency
      to low T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte levels. When compared to controls, low B
      lymphocyte levels and reduced MLC responses were found not only in family members
      with CMM and/or precursor nevi but also in unaffected blood relatives and
      spouses. The genesis of the immune dysfunction and its possible relationship to
      melanoma pathogenesis remain to be clarified.

PMID- 159377
TI  - [Symposium: "Planning of medical care by all." The problem of attending an
      invalid].

PMID- 159378
TI  - [Role of the atria in the mechanism of the development of cardiac insufficiency
      and its compensation].

PMID- 159379
TI  - [Role of laparoscopy in reducing mortality of acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 159380
TI  - [Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities by using Doppler
      ultrasonography].

PMID- 159381
TI  - [Contractile capacity of the hypertrophied myocardium and latent cardiac
      insufficiency in hypertension].

PMID- 159382
TI  - [Activity of the plasmin enzymatic system and of serum hyaluronidase in
      dysentery].

PMID- 159383
TI  - Deposition of immune complexes in the ovarian follicle of rabbits with
      experimental chronic serum sickness. I. Immunopathology.
AB  - In the present study, deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the ovarian
      follicles of the rabbit is described. Forty-one rabbits were immunized with
      multiple daily injections of bovine serum albumin. Twenty-two rabbits developed
      systemic chronic serum sickness. The ovaries of rabbits with systemic chronic
      serum sickness, those of the immunized rabbits that did not develop systemic
      chronic serum sickness, and those of the nonimmunized rabbits were studied by
      light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy. It was found that granular
      deposits of bovine serum albumin, rabbit IgG, and C3, presumably as antigen
      antibody complexes, were frequently present in the zona pellucida of secondary
      and tertiary follicles, and in the corpora atretica of rabbits with systemic
      chronic serum sickness. The oocytes showed an increased number of vacuoles and
      phagosomes containing electron-opaque material. These observations may contribute
      to the study of immunologic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of the female
      reproductive system.

PMID- 159384
TI  - Relational meaning encoded in the two-word utterances of stage 1 Down's syndrome
      children.
AB  - This study explored the early two-word utterances from four Down's syndrome
      children to determine if they encode the same relational meanings as children
      developing language normally. Nine semantic categories were established to
      classify the subject's two-word constructions. Absolute and proportional
      frequencies of relational types were then used to analyze the relational
      meanings. The results reveal that this classification system accounts for a
      combined 79% of the two-word utterances expressed by these Down's subjects. It is
      suggested that Down's children demonstrate as much diversity in their use of
      relational meanings as normals at the same linguistic stage. These findings are
      discussed with respect to what Down's children know about the world as they begin
      to produce two-word combinations.

PMID- 159385
TI  - Experience with the extracardiac conduit.
AB  - A review is made of all Mayo Clinic cases wherein 468 patients have received 516
      extracardiac conduits in the repair of congenital heart defects. All patients had
      complex defects, which are classified in 10 basic diagnostic categories. The
      early mortality rate (which ranged from 4% to 49%, according to diagnostic group)
      averaged 25%, improving with experience. The postoperative complication rate was
      70%. In 1% of operations, compression of the conduit was encountered at chest
      closure. The conduits placed in 333 patients contained a porcine valve. The
      conduit diameter averaged 22 mm. At completion of the operation, the mean
      gradient across the conduit was 22.8 mm Hg. At late study this mean gradient
      remained at 26 mm Hg in patients who had received the currently employed porcine
      valved conduit. The average ratio of intraoperative postrepair ventricular
      (RV/LV) systolic pressures was 0.68. It was lower among the group who were to
      survive but was not ov prognostic value in individual cases. Among patients who
      survived the postoperative period, the late mortality rate (based on a mean of
      3.6 years' follow-up) averaged 3.5% per year. Of the long-term survivors, 18%
      have required reoperation, primarily for replacement of calcified aortic
      homograft conduits used in the earlier part of the experience. Only 0.8% of
      porcine-valved conduits have required reoperation. Unrestricted life-styles were
      possible for 90% of survivors.

PMID- 159386
TI  - [The back and the bed].

PMID- 159388
TI  - [Handicapped children in nursery school. Factors that influence integration].

PMID- 159387
TI  - [Postoperative back trouble].

PMID- 159389
TI  - [Sudden and unexpected death in a young athlete with cardiomegaly].

PMID- 159390
TI  - [Development of radioisotope diagnosis in the RSFSR].

PMID- 159391
TI  - Is it a functional disorder or organic neurological disease?

PMID- 159392
TI  - [Medical treatment of osteitis deformans of Paget].

PMID- 159393
TI  - [Treatment of Paget's disease].

PMID- 159394
TI  - Development and distribution of intellectual and adaptive skills in Down syndrome
      children: implications for early intervention.

PMID- 159395
TI  - Changes in membrane structure and function during chick embryonic erythropoiesis.
AB  - We found considerable differences in the pattern of membrane proteins as well as
      in the relative amounts of individual components in isolated chick red blood cell
      membranes during the course of embryonic development. Of special interest in the
      increase in the relative amounts of two major polypeptides, band 3 and 3.1 (MW
      100,000 daltons) with increasing age of the cells. With respect to functional
      studies, we found that the magnitude of sulfate influx decreases with increasing
      age of the embryo. Furthermore, the activity of ouabain-sensitive ATPase
      increases with increasing age (2.5-day embryo to adult). In addition, both the
      basal and the fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities decrease as the
      embryo age increases, whereas the enzyme sensitivity to epinephrine increases
      with increasing age of the embryo.

PMID- 159396
TI  - Study identifies disabling conditions for pregnant worker compensation.

PMID- 159398
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the pond microflora of the Amu-Dar'ia River
      delta].
AB  - Bacterial forms were studied by electron microscopy in weakly saline lakes of the
      mesotrophic type in the Amu Darya delta; these forms differed in the character of
      water nutrition, certain physico-chemical and biological properties. The main
      population in the lakes represented by Vibrio and rods among which many small
      forms (0.3--0.5 mu) were found. Long filamentous forms were often encountered. A
      considerable number of organisms possessed prosthecae, fimbria and various
      protrustions. Budding bacteria were also detected. Microorganisms with peculiar
      morphology were most abundant in such places where the total incidence of
      bacteria was 1x10(6) per litre while water transparency was low.

PMID- 159397
TI  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in BCG-sensitized mice I. Lack of suppressor
      T cell activity on DTH to sheep red blood cells.
AB  - Mice pretreated with an intravenous (i.v.) injection of BCG (BCG-sensitized mice)
      and then immunized intravenously with a high dose (10(8)--10(9)) of sheep red
      blood cells (SRBC) 2 weeks later developed strong delayed-type hypersensitivity
      (DTH) to SRBC, as in mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide (CY) (CY-treated mice)
      and then immunized with SRBC 2 days later; normal mice given the same dose of
      SRBC did not show such DTH. The mechanism of this strong DTH to SRBC which
      developed in BCG-sensitized mice was studied, by comparing it with that in CY
      treated mice. The transfer of either whole spleen cells or thymus cells, but not
      serum, obtained from mice immunized with i.v. injections of 10(9) SRBC 4 days
      previously (hyperimmune mice) did not suppress either the induction or the
      expression of DTH to SRBC in BCG-sensitized mice, but suppressed those in CY
      treated mice. The suppressor cells were SRBC-specific T cells. Adoptive transfer
      of DTH to SRBC by spleen cells from either BCG-sensitized mice of CY-treated mice
      to hyperimmune recipients failed. The adoptive transfer of DTH from BCG
      sensitized mice to normal recipients also failed if the spleen cells from
      hyperimmune mice were cotransferred. Whole body irradiation (600 rad) of mice 2
      hr before or after the time of immunization with SRBC reduced significantly DTH
      to SRBC in both BCG-sensitized and CY-treated mice. It was noticed that the total
      number of spleen cells in BCG-sensitized mice was 3--4 times larger than that in
      CY-treated mice. From these results, we conclude that the entity of effector T
      cells of DTH to SRBC induced in BCG-sensitized mice and in CY-treated mice was
      not different in terms of susceptibility to suppressor T cells and irradiation,
      but that the total numbers of effector T cells generated in these mice differed
      remarkably, resulting in the above-described different responsiveness to
      suppressor T cells transferred passively.

PMID- 159399
TI  - Down's syndrome, hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus in an adult.
AB  - Primary hypothyroidism was diagnosed in a woman aged 33 years, with Down's
      syndrome and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after admission to hospital with
      hypoglycaemia. The diabetes was stabilized and treatment was commenced with L
      thyroxine with a good clinical response. The patient's mother and older sister
      also had hypothyroidism and all three had no thyroid antibodies. The importance
      of diagnosing and treating primary hypothyroidism in adult patients with Down's
      syndrome is stressed even in the absence of thyroid antibodies.

PMID- 159401
TI  - Clinicopathologic correlations in glomerular disease.

PMID- 159400
TI  - Interstitial nephritis.

PMID- 159403
TI  - Comparative electron microscopic asepcts of human liver mitochondria in situ and
      isolated in suspensions.

PMID- 159402
TI  - [Comparative morphological studies of the structure of the articular disk of the
      temporomandibular joint].
AB  - Articular disks (DA) of mandibular articulations of several types of animals of
      different ages and both sexes (herbivora, carnivora, rodents and omnivora) were
      studied. Comparative macroscopy emphasized similarities with the DA of humans and
      other omnivora, as well as some peculiarities. DA is ellyptical in herbivora; its
      upper surface is divided into two facets by a transversal crest. DA is pinkish
      and square in carnivora; its posterior part is lacking. DA is half-moonish and
      white-nacreous in rodents; its upper surface presents a longitudinal crest.
      Microscopy evidenced some differences: the collagen fibrils are dominating in
      herbivora, while in carnivora the elastic ones. The rodents present rare elastic
      fibers; these animals and the ruminants show capillaries in the central part of
      the DA, while in other animals these are absent. Cells are mainly located in the
      upper superficial layers of DA. Relationships between form, histological
      structure and functions, mainly regarding the mastication types, are discussed.

PMID- 159404
TI  - [The ultrastructure of embryonic capillaries in the neuroepithelium of the brain
      vesicles].
AB  - The electronmicroscopic control of the capillaries of the brain vesicles in 5--6
      day-old chick embryos revealed an intimate contact between capillary walls and
      neuroblasts, and on the other hand the presence of a functional endoplasmic
      reticulum in the endothelial cells. These are only very few vacuoles for protein
      transport in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells.

PMID- 159405
TI  - The prenatal noxious effect of ethanol.

PMID- 159406
TI  - Considerations on gastrointestinal inflammatory fibroid polyps.

PMID- 159408
TI  - [Concomitance of renal epithelial metaplasia and some rare renal tumors].

PMID- 159407
TI  - Immunomorphologic response of hilar-tracheobronchial lymph nodes in children's
      acute pneumonias.

PMID- 159409
TI  - Increased incidence of micronuclei in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells irradiated
      with radioactive gold (198Au).

PMID- 159410
TI  - Permeability changes in the obstructed kidney (autoradiographic demonstration).

PMID- 159411
TI  - Experimental pulmonary berylliosis in rabbits sensitized to beryllium sulfate:
      contact hypersensitivity.

PMID- 159412
TI  - In vitro study on the normal and peritumoral connective tissue mast cells of the
      rat.

PMID- 159413
TI  - Short-term tests for carcinogens and mutagens.

PMID- 159414
TI  - Morphology and physiology of skeletal muscle in aging rodents.
AB  - Aging in the rodent is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle
      fibers. The muscle twitch also becomes slower, probably as a result of fiber-type
      conversion from "fast-twitch" to "slow-twitch." The loss of muscle fibers
      precedes signs of obvious weakness and appears to involve the loss of entire
      functioning motor units. In the mouse, this loss of motor units correlated with a
      loss of axons from the innervating nerve trunks.

PMID- 159416
TI  - A defect in the antigen-presenting function of macrophages from neonatal mice.

PMID- 159415
TI  - Late Eocene of Burma yields earliest anthropoid primate, Pondaungia cotteri.
AB  - In April 1978, a fragment of a primate lower jaw containing the second and third
      molar teeth was found in late Eocene exposures of the Pondaung Hills about 1 mile
      north-west of Mogaung village in northwestern Central Burma. This approximately
      40-Myr-old specimen is the first fossil primate found in Burma since the
      fragmentary remains of the controversial earliest anthropoids Pondaungia cotteri
      Pilgrim and Amphipithecus mogaungensis Colbert were recovered more than 50 yr
      ago. The jaw described here is believed to represent further evidence of P.
      cotteri. Its recovery from undoubled late Eocene exposures coupled with its
      salient higher primate characters and excellent state of preservation provides
      the opportunity to substantiate further that the Pondaung primates of Burma are
      the earliest known record of the Anthropoidea.

PMID- 159417
TI  - Influence of nicotinic acid amide, tryptophan, and methionine upon galactosamine
      induced hepatitis.

PMID- 159418
TI  - Knowledge and technology needed for further development of mental health
      programmes.
AB  - Different preventive approaches of mental and neurological disorders are
      discussed. Special emphasis has been put on the advances of biological research
      in the elucidation of aetiological and pathogenic mechanisms of major psychoses,
      such as schizophrenia and affective disorders. Perspectives of genetic and
      psychopharmacological research are emphasized. Multidisciplinary efforts are
      needed for the improvement of existing preventive measures.

PMID- 159419
TI  - Familial inverted choreoathetosis.
AB  - We present a family with infantile onset of progressive choreoathetosis. The
      movements affected the legs predominantly and also impaired gait. No dementia,
      seizures, or rigidity was noted. Inheritance was autosomal dominant. This new
      familial movement disorder can be differentiated easily from other hereditary
      choreas.

PMID- 159420
TI  - A form of chorea that responds to dantrolene sodium.

PMID- 159422
TI  - [Hungarian physicians in Moldavia].

PMID- 159421
TI  - [Closed abdominal injuries in patients with multiple injuries. Diagnostic
      considerations on 74 cases].
AB  - A diagnostic assessment was made of 74 cases of non-penetrating abdominal wounds
      observed over the previous 5 years. Laparoscopy performed in 49 polytraumatised
      patients made a decisive contribution to accurate, early diagnosis, with an
      indication for emergency surgery in 35 cases (32 visceral lesions and 3
      retroperitoneal haematoma), whereas it was clear from the negative finding that
      surgery was not required in the remaining 14. It is felt that all additional
      radiological and instrumental diagnostic should be employed, and that careful
      clinical examination and repeated inspection, preferably by the same surgeon, are
      important in cases of multiple injury, since the situation may become
      dramatically worse in the space of a few hours.

PMID- 159423
TI  - [Errors in the surgical and post-surgical treatment of papillary thyroid cancer
      of differentiated structure].

PMID- 159425
TI  - Are the endorphins active in clinical pain states? Narcotic antagonism in chronic
      pain patients.
AB  - To test the possibility of endorphin release in clinical pain states naloxone was
      given, alternate with saline, in a double-blind study to 10 patients with chronic
      neuralgia or low back pain. There was no significant alteration of the levels of
      spontaneous pain or heat pain thresholds. The results suggest that the endorphin
      system does not offer protection of any importance in chronic pain.

PMID- 159424
TI  - Guide for the evaluation of hearing handicap. American Academy of Otolaryngology,
      Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium; Americal Council of Otolaryngology,
      Committee on the Medical Aspects of Noise.

PMID- 159426
TI  - Bone marrow transplantation (1958-1978) : conditioning and graft-versus-host
      disease, indications in aplasias and leukemias.
AB  - Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), which stimulated great hope for treatment of
      aplasias and leukemias in 1958 following our first success in grafting this
      tissue, is, after a long period of study and development, experiencing renewed
      interest since it is now possible to obtain, in case of transplantation with
      genotypically matched sibling donors, 70% long survival (cures ?) in aplasia
      (under the condition that the recipient is not sensitized by previous
      transfusions) and in leukemia (under the condition that the recipient is
      transplanted in a period of remission and is not sensitized by transfusions).
      When the patient does not possess any genotypically matched donor, a trial of
      incompatible bone marrow transplantation after conditioning with antilymphocyte
      serum is reasonable, since we have obtained good, although unexplained, results
      with this method, which should be pursued. In any case, these transplants must be
      done in intensive care units in hemato-oncology departments.

PMID- 159427
TI  - [Variant for creation of an experimental model of toxic hepatitis].

PMID- 159428
TI  - [Bogdan Artashesovich Saakov].

PMID- 159429
TI  - [Scanning electron-microscopic evaluation of the interior surface of dacron
      prosthesis in aorto-femoral bypass].

PMID- 159430
TI  - B cell function in the newborn.

PMID- 159431
TI  - Cellular (T cell) immunity in the human newborn.
AB  - The cellular immune system of the human newborn, like the rest of the immunologic
      apparatus, is anatomically intact, antigenically inexperienced, and functionally
      deficient. The latter is suggested by the newborns' enhanced susceptibility to
      infection, diminished delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, and selective
      abnormalities (when compared to adults) of measures of cellular immunity in
      vitro. These include impaired proliferative response to ubiquitous antigens,
      depressed lymphotoxin, migration inhibition factor, and immune interferon
      production, and diminished cytotoxic reactions including cell-mediated
      lympholysis. By contrast, other aspects of neonatal T cell function, such as to
      mitogens or allogeneic lymphocytes, natural interferon and leukocyte inhibition
      factor production, and number and percentage of E-rosette-forming cell are
      generally normal. These decreased functional properties may provide an
      explanation for the newborns' susceptibility to infection and for the occasional
      occurrence of engraftment of foreign cells from either the mother or from
      prenatal or neonatal blood transfusion.

PMID- 159433
TI  - Nursing care study: a Down's baby.

PMID- 159432
TI  - PHILCOHOD -- a community action rehabilitation project.

PMID- 159434
TI  - Self-help groups: sharing in caring.

PMID- 159435
TI  - Prevention: how to stay healthy. 8: Back strain.

PMID- 159436
TI  - [Giant ovarian cyst, erroneously treated as liver cirrhosis, diagnosed by
      laparoscopy].

PMID- 159437
TI  - [Surgical procedures in somatic defects in children with Down's syndrome].

PMID- 159438
TI  - [The use of bacteriophage lambda fragments in the construction of plasmid vectors
      for gene cloning. Included: restriction map of lambda DNA (author's transl)].

PMID- 159439
TI  - Comparison of two lotions for acne vulgaris.

PMID- 159440
TI  - [Distribution of the Lutheran and Diego system antigens among the Armenian
      population].

PMID- 159441
TI  - [Changes in the bone system in different forms of beta-thalassemia (based on data
      from Andizhan)].

PMID- 159442
TI  - [Oxygen transport and the acid-base equilibrium in endemic hereditary
      erythrocytosis].

PMID- 159443
TI  - [Health education among tuberculosis patients].

PMID- 159444
TI  - [Effectiveness of the centralized control over the dispensary observation and
      treatment of patients with chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 159445
TI  - [Analysis of the lethality in a tuberculosis hospital over the last 15 years].

PMID- 159447
TI  - [Experience with performing therapeutic and health-promoting measures among
      patients with chronic forms of tuberculosis].

PMID- 159446
TI  - [Improvement of controlled chemotherapy of patients with tuberculosis in rural
      population].

PMID- 159448
TI  - [Regional characteristics of the liver pathology in tuberculosis].

PMID- 159449
TI  - Isolation and identification of bacteriophage phi X174 prohead.
AB  - The morphogenesis of bacteriophage phi X174 has been investigated by using an in
      vitro DNA synthesizing system. An extract of a B-mutant-infected cell is capable
      of synthesizing infectious phage in vitro when the B gene function is provided by
      the addition of an ammonium sulfate fraction of a C-mutant-infected-cell extract.
      This fraction contains the omega complex, a complex of phage-coded proteins with
      S = 108; the B-mutant extract does not. The purified omega complex, isolated from
      the C-mutant extract, caused the synthesis and encapsidation of viral DNA when
      added to B-mutant extract. The omega complex contains the B protein but it is the
      intact omega complex that functioned in the in vitro complementation of the B
      mutant extract because other fractions containing B protein but no omega complex
      had little or no complementing activity. The results indicate that the omega
      complex is the phi X174 prohead. The B protein is not found in either the 132S or
      114S phage particles but is an essential component of the prohead. This suggests
      that it may have a scaffolding function.

PMID- 159450
TI  - Fidelity of replication of phage phi X174 DNA by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme:
      spontaneous mutation by misincorporation.
AB  - DNA from phi X174 is replicated in vitro with a fidelity similar to that found
      genetically. A mutation of TAG leads to TGG may be induced, however, by varying
      the concentrations of deoxynucleoside triphosphates, with a frequency
      proportional to [dGTP]2/[dATP]. This complex concentration dependence is
      consistent with the active participation of a proofreading mechanism that
      hydrolytically excises mismatched base pairs as they are formed. A simple kinetic
      analysis predicts that the frequency of misincorporation depends on the ratio of
      incorrect to correct deoxynucleoside triphosphates times the concentration of the
      next triphosphate in the sequence to be added. This suggests that spontaneous
      mutation by misincorporation depends crucially on the composition of the
      deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool.

PMID- 159451
TI  - Active site trapping of nucleotides by crosslinking two sulfhydryls in myosin
      subfragment 1.
AB  - Studies with reagents that crosslink two thiol groups have shown that it is
      possible to trap nucleotides at the active site of myosin chymotryptic
      subfragment 1. Subfragment 1 incorporates nearly stoichiometric quantities of
      [14C]ATP or [14C]ADP in a manner that depends linearly on the extent of
      inactivation by either N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide or
      Co(II)phenanthroline/[Co(III)(phenanthroline)2CO3]+ complexes. The incorporated
      radioactive nucleotide is retained after gel filtration, even when the enzyme
      derivatives are stored in the presence of EDTA or nonradioactive nucleotides (t
      1/2 approximately 5 days). The nucleotide incorporated is not covalently bound
      because HClO4 denaturation allows immediate release of bound nucleotide. The
      nucleotide retained is ADP because the gamma-phosphate of [gamma-32P]ATP is lost
      after trapping. Subfragment 1 inactivated as above does not bind the competitive
      inhibitor adenosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate, indicating that the
      active site is blocked. It is proposed that a jawlike nucleotide cleft closes on
      MgADP or MgATP, which can be locked shut by crosslinking two thiol groups by
      reaction with N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide or cobalt phenanthroline complexes.

PMID- 159452
TI  - Interactions between DNA-bound repressors govern regulation by the lambda phage
      repressor.
AB  - The lambda phage repressor binds cooperatively to the three sites in the right
      operator (O(R)) according to the following pattern. If the DNA is wild type,
      O(R)1 and O(R)2 are filled coordinately because of interactions between repressor
      dimers bound to these two sites. Site O(R)3 is filled only at higher repressor
      concentrations. In contrast, if O(R)1 is mutant, O(R)2 and O(R)3 are filled
      coordinately because of interactions between repressors bound to these sites. In
      this case, the affinity of O(R)3 is increased and that of O(R)2 is decreased
      relative to the wild type. We infer that a repressor dimer bound to the middle
      site O(R)2 can interact either with another repressor dimer bound to O(R)1 (wild
      type case) or, alternatively, with one bound to O(R)3 (mutant O(R)1 case). We
      argue that these repressor interactions are mediated by protein-protein contacts
      between adjacent repressor dimers, because the isolated amino-terminal domains of
      repressor bind to the operator sites noncooperatively. The cro protein of phage
      lambda, a second regulatory protein, which recognizes the same three sites in
      O(R) as does repressor, binds non-cooperatively. Experiments performed in vivo
      show that regulation of gene expression by repressor can be influenced critically
      by cooperative interactions. We demonstrate that the effect of repressor in a
      lysogen on the activity of the promoter P(RM) can be changed from activation to
      repression by deletion of O(R)1. We explain this effect in terms of the
      alternative cooperative interactions described above.

PMID- 159454
TI  - Efficient transformation of Neurospora crassa by utilizing hybrid plasmid DNA.
AB  - An efficient transformation system has been developed for Neurospora crassa that
      uses spheroplasts and pVK88 plasmid DNA. pVK88 is a recombinant Escherichia coli
      plasmid carrying the N. crassa qa-2(+) gene which encodes catabolic
      dehydroquinase (3-dehydroquinate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.10) and is part of the qa
      gene cluster. The recipient strain carries a stable qa-2(-) mutation and an arom
      9(-) mutation, thus lacking both catabolic and biosynthetic dehydroquinase
      activities. Transformants were selected as colonies able to grow in the absence
      of an aromatic amino acid supplement. These colonies were qa-2(+) and had normal
      levels of catabolic dehydroquinase. DNA.DNA hybridization evidence with
      appropriate labeled probes indicates clearly that in some instances
      transformation involves the integration of bacterial plasmid sequences together
      with the qa-2(+) gene into the N. crassa genome. On the basis of genetic, enzyme
      assay, and DNA hybridization data, at least three types of transformation events
      can be distinguished: (i) replacement of the qa-2(-) gene by the qa-2(+) gene
      without any effect on the expression of the other genes in the qa cluster, (ii)
      linked insertion of a normal qa-2(+) gene accompanied by inactivation of the
      adjacent qa-4(+) gene, and (iii) insertion of a normal qa-2(+) gene at an
      unlinked site in the N. crassa genome. This newly integrated qa-2(+) genetic
      material is inherited in a typical Mendelian fashion. A low level of
      transformation has also been obtained by using linear total N. crassa DNA. Two
      such qa-2(+) transformants are unlinked to the qa-2(-) gene of the recipient.

PMID- 159453
TI  - Homologous pairing in genetic recombination: complexes of recA protein and DNA.
AB  - recA protein, which is essential for general genetic recombination in Escherichia
      coli, promotes the homologous pairing of single-stranded DNA with double-stranded
      DNA to form a D loop. The amount of recA protein required for the reaction was
      directly proportional to the amount of single stranded DNA and was unaffected by
      similar variations in the amount of double-stranded DNA. The ATP analog,
      adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S), which was not rapidly
      hydrolyzed by recA protein, blocked the formation of D loops but promoted the
      formation of stable complexes of recA protein and single-stranded DNA. These
      complexes, in turn, bound homologous or heterologous double-stranded DNA and
      partially unwound it. Because ATP gamma S competitively inhibited the ATPase
      activity of recA protein (Km/Ki approximately 300), we infer that ATP gamma S
      binds at a site that overlaps the site for ATP and that the functional complexes
      formed in the presence of the analog probably represent partial steps in the
      overall reaction. If the complexes formed in the presence of ATP gamma S reflect
      natural intermediates in the formation of D loops, recA protein must promote
      homologous pairing either by moving juxtaposed single-stranded and double
      stranded DNA relative to one another or by forming and dissociating complexes
      reiteratively until a homologous match occurs.

PMID- 159455
TI  - Cloning of the structural gene (ompA) for an integral outer membrane protein of
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The gene (ompA) for the major outer membrane protein II* from Escherichia coli K
      12 has been cloned on a 5-megadalton EcoRI fragment by using phage lambda as
      vector. The gene is expressed during the lytic cycle of the recombinant phage and
      the insoluble membrane-bound protein was detected in phage plaques with a simple
      radioimmunoassay. Transfer of the EcoRI fragment into plasmid pSC101 and
      expression in a host lacking protein II* led to overproduction of protein II* and
      decreased production of two other major outer membrane proteins. Expression of
      the plasmid pSC101-ompA+ in minicells derived from an ompA minicell-producing
      strain led to synthesis, at high rates, of this protein and massive accumulation
      of a second cell envelope protein most likely representing the biosynthetic
      precursor of protein II*.

PMID- 159456
TI  - Cloning of integrated Moloney sarcoma proviral DNA sequences in bacteriophage
      lambda.
AB  - We have identified integrated proviral DNA sequences of m1 and HT-1 isolates of
      Moloney sarcoma virus (MuSV) in EcoRI digests of transformed mink cell genomic
      DNA and have cloned these fragments in bacteriophage lambda. Both the lambda-HT1
      phage recombinant, containing a 12.3-kilobase MuSV pair (kb) fragment, and the
      lambda-m1 phage recombinant, containing a 7.0-kb fragment, possess full copies of
      the sarcoma viruses along with 5' and 3' host flanking sequences. The MuSV
      proviral DNA sequences, 6.7 kb for HT-1 and 5.2 kb for m1, are colinear by
      heteroduplex microscopy with the 1.5-kb difference in size accounted for by two
      approximately equal to 0.8-kb deleted regions in m1. Both integrated viral
      genomes are terminally redundant and have integrated at the same site in the
      provirus but at different sites on the host chromosome. The host sequence
      flanking integrated HT-1 MuSV have been identified as a single EcoRI restriction
      fragment of 5.6 kb in normal mink cells.

PMID- 159458
TI  - Lactose genes fused to exogenous promoters in one step using a Mu-lac
      bacteriophage: in vivo probe for transcriptional control sequences.
AB  - The lactose structural genes, without the lactose promoter, have been
      incorporated into the bacteriophage Mu genome to form a Mu-lac specialized
      transducing phage. This phage also carries a gene encoding resistance to
      ampicillin (Ap)[Mu(Ap, lac)]. After infection and upon establishment of lysogeny,
      the Mu(Ap, lac) genome can integrate into apparently random sites in the
      Escherichia coli chromosome. When integration occurs within a gene in the
      orientation of its transcription, the lactose structural genes are so situated
      that they become expressed solely from the promoter of that gene. Thus,
      expression of the lactose genes of Mu(Ap, lac) can be used as an assay for
      transcription of that gene and for functional and mutational studies of gene
      regulation.

PMID- 159457
TI  - Isolation of glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate) from glomerular basement
      membranes.
AB  - Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from purified fractions of glomerular basement
      membranes and partially characterized by chemical analysis and cellulose acetate
      electrophoresis. Basement membranes were prepared by detergent treatment of rat
      glomeruli and subjected to digestion with papain and Pronase. Glycosaminoglycans
      were isolated from the digests by precipitation with cetyl pyridinium chloride
      and ethanol. Results of cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the isolated
      glycosaminoglycan fraction revealed the presence of one major and one minor spot.
      The major spot was identified as heparan sulfate because it comigrated with the
      heparan sulfate standard and was sensitive to heparinase and to nitrous acid
      oxidation but insensitive to chondroitinase ABC and to testicular or leech
      hyaluronidase. The minor spot was tentatively identified as hyaluronic acid based
      on its migratory behavior and sensitivity to leech and testicular hyaluronidase.
      The chemical composition of the isolated glycosaminoglycan was typical of that of
      heparan sulfate (high carbazole/orcinol ratio, high sulfate content, absence of
      galactosamine). The data support and confirm the cytochemical data obtained
      previously [Kanwar, Y. S. & Farquhar, M. G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76,
      1303-1307] demonstrating that heparan sulfate is the only sulfated
      glycosaminoglycan detectable in the glomerular basement membrane. The present
      results suggest that in addition to sulfated glycosaminoglycan some nonsulfated
      glycosaminoglycan (hyaluronic acid) may also be present in the glomerular
      basement membrane.

PMID- 159459
TI  - Transcription promotes recA-independent recombination mediated by DNA-dependent
      RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The Rpo-mediated recombination of phage lambda takes place independently of the
      recA function and is promoted by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli
      [Ikeda, H. & Kobayashi, I. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 74, 3932--3936]. The
      crossovers were particularly frequent to the cIII-N and N-cII regions which are
      transcribed actively. To determine whether the transcription process required for
      the recombination is the initiation step or the chain elongation step, we have
      examined the effect of bacterial rho mutation, which affects transcription
      termination, on the distribution of crossover points in the lambda phage genome.
      The crossovers in the cII-S interval took place more frequently in rho mutant
      strains than in wild-type strains. Analysis of lambda mRNA showed that much more
      O-P-Q mRNA is synthesized in the rho mutant cells than in the wild-type cells and
      is largely produced by the readthrough from the PR promotor. These results
      strongly suggest that the chain elongation in transcription plays an essential
      role in this recombination. Physical analysis of the recombinant phage DNA showed
      that this recombination is a legitimate type. Models are presented to explain how
      the transcription complex can promote this recA-independent recombination.

PMID- 159460
TI  - Sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase affects the function of lambda N
      gene.
AB  - A new class of Escherichia coli mutants, referred to as grn, has been isolated by
      localized mutagenesis. These mutations affect the sigma subunit of DNA-dependent
      RNA polymerase (ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC
      2.7.7.6) by abolishing the expression of the lambda N gene, and they are closely
      lniked to dnaG in the order dnaG-grn-uxaA. Detailed study of one such mutant,
      grn1, yielded the following results: (i) grn1 is a single mutation and the mutant
      cell shows cold-sensitivity in growth; (ii) the Grn phenotype of the mutant can
      easily be suppressed by secondary mutations in the beta subunit gene of RNA
      polymerase; (iii) purified holoenzyme of RNA polymerase isolated from the mutant
      showed an altered salt-dependency in vitro, and the mixed reconstitution of the
      mutant with the wild-type subunits showed that the sigma subunit of the grn1
      mutant is altered; (iv) lambda phage mutants (lambda grg), which overcome the grn
      mutation, can be classified into two groups, the "nin-deletion" and the "N
      mutant" groups (both of these are also able to grow on the previously described
      groN mutant of Georgopoulos and nusAB of Friedman); (iv) the mutant polymerase
      transcribed 12S as well as 7S RNA from lambda DNA in the presence of the rho
      factor in vitro. These results indicate that the grn mutation alters the sigma
      subunit of RNA polymerase and that the sigma subunit participates in activating
      the N-mediated antitermination mode of lambda phage transcription.

PMID- 159462
TI  - Accelerated removal of platelets during perfusion of isolated lungs with
      perfluoro erythrocyte substitute.

PMID- 159461
TI  - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide activates suppressor B lymphocytes.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from the outer cell wall of Gram-negative
      bacteria modulates the immune response in vivo and in vitro. Depending on the
      experimental conditions, it may enhance or inhibit the production of humoral
      antibody. The pathway by which LPS suppresses antibody production is examined in
      this study. C57BL/6 spleen cells incubated with LPS (greater than 10
      micrograms/ml) not only fail to produce antibody to sheep erythrocytes in vitro
      but also, when transferred 24 hr after stimulation with LPS, inhibit antibody
      production in spleen cells that were not treated with LPS. This observation
      suggested that LPS activates suppressor cells. We have identified a suppressor B
      cell as mediator of LPS-induced immune suppression and determined its cell
      surface antigen phenotype as Ig+, Ia+, CR+, Ly-B-2+,PC1-.LPS does not induce
      suppressor macrophages or suppressor T cells, nor are macrophages or T cells
      required for the generation of suppressor B cells by LPS.

PMID- 159463
TI  - Effect of chinoform on the function of biological membranes.
AB  - To investigate the mechanism by which the toxic effect of chinoform (5-chloro-7
      iodo-8-quinolinol) develops, its action on the function of biological membranes
      was examined. Findings were: 1. Chinoform induced K+ release from red cells. This
      effect was increased by prior addition of Mg2+ and decreased by albumin,
      ruthenium red, or lanthanum chloride. 2. Chinoform induced K+ release from
      isolated rat liver mitochondria more effectively in the presence of Mg2+ or other
      bivalent cations, and a chinoform-Mg chelate was more effective than chinoform
      alone. The K+ release from mitochondria was protected by albumin and to a certain
      extent by lanthanum chloride. 3. The change in the ion permeability of
      mitochondrial membrane induced by chinoform in the presence of Mg2+ was
      accompanied by uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation. These results suggest
      that chinoform interacts with membranes more effectively as a metal chelate,
      producing conformational and functional changes in those membranes.

PMID- 159464
TI  - Parachlorophenylalanine and copulatory behaviour in neonatally castrated male
      rats.

PMID- 159465
TI  - [Handicapped and their problems].

PMID- 159467
TI  - [Dynein ATPase in ciliary and flagellar movement (author's transl)].

PMID- 159466
TI  - Ultraviolet light-induced recovery in Escherichia coli of gamma-irradiated
      bacteriophage DNA.

PMID- 159468
TI  - [Pharmacobezoar of the stomach as a complication of treatment of duodenal ulcer
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 159469
TI  - [Bilateral peritoneo-aponeurotic superposition with the hernial sac of median and
      paramedian longitudinal incisional hernias].

PMID- 159470
TI  - [Laparoscopy. Analysis of indications and results in 141 consecutive cases].

PMID- 159471
TI  - [Injuries of the epiphyseal cartilage. Symposium].

PMID- 159472
TI  - [Injuries of the epiphyseal cartilage. Fundamental concepts].

PMID- 159473
TI  - [Injuries of the epiphyseal cartilage].

PMID- 159474
TI  - [Injuries of the epiphyseal cartilage. Diagnostic traps].

PMID- 159475
TI  - [Injuries of the epiphyseal cartilage. The character of each location].

PMID- 159476
TI  - [Injuries of the epiphyseal cartilage. The treatment of recent lesions].

PMID- 159477
TI  - [Treatment of old injuries. Secondary treatment of epiphyseal cartilage
      injuries].

PMID- 159478
TI  - [Surgical treatment of calcanear fractures (103 cases). Reconstruction
      arthrodesis, or reconstruction (author's transl)].
AB  - In a twelve-year period, 103 calcanear fractures (thalamus) were operated on,
      either by the Stulz procedure (calcanear Reconstruction-subtalar Arthrodesis [83
      cases]), or by Reconstruction (20 cases). During the first seven years, the Stulz
      procedure had been performed systematically. During the following five years,
      indications were shaded between 28 reconstruction-arthrodesis and 20
      reconstructions. A complete preoperative radiological study, including especially
      horizontal calcanear tomography enables to precise what type of injuries affects
      the four different parts of the calcaneus, and to choose between either
      procedure.

PMID- 159479
TI  - [A nerve root anomaly with lumbar disc prolapse. Report of a case (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A case of sciatica with partial paralysis of both lower limbs is reported. At
      operation a prolapse of the L4/5 intervertebral disc on the right side was
      associated with an anomaly of the left fifth lumbar root which was lower and more
      horizontal than normal. The authors give a short review of the literature.

PMID- 159480
TI  - [The treatment of spastic equinovarus in the adult by transplantation of peroneus
      brevis and lengthening of the tendo-calcaneus (author's transl)].
AB  - A new technique is proposed for the treatment of spastic equinovarus foot. After
      lengthening the tendo calcaneus, the peroneus brevis tendon is divided at the
      junction with its muscle belly and the distal end of the tendon is transferred
      through the interosseous membrane to be sutured to the tendo calcaneus. This
      technique aims to correct the varus as well as the equinus deformity. It was
      performed in seven cases with good results. The technique is compared with other
      methods designed to treat this condition. The method is worthwhile in cases
      without bony deformity.

PMID- 159481
TI  - Easing the transition from school to work for students with severe physical
      disabilities: a summer work experience.

PMID- 159482
TI  - The case against the use of the term "Disability".

PMID- 159483
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of gynecological masses and other extragenital abdominal
      masses using abdominopelvic echography].

PMID- 159484
TI  - [Down syndrome: immunological study in adults (author's transl)].
AB  - The immunological profile was evaluated in 12 adults affected by Down's syndrome.
      Our findings showed: increase of serum IgG, IgA and Gammaglobulins, decrease of
      IgM, presence of auto-antibodies and increased antibodies response after
      antigenic stimulation (typhoid vaccination). Some tests, connected with T
      lymphocytes functions, were also abnormal: percentage of E-active rosettes,
      cutaneous sensibilization with DNCB and lymphocyte stimulation index with PHA.
      Our findings suggest a T lymphocyte deficit, with loss of immunological
      surveillance and therefore of the control over antibody mediated immunological
      reactions. The immunological alterations observed in our adult patients with
      Down's syndrome were more extensive and severe than those found in young
      subjects. The possible relevance of these findings is discussed as well as the
      incidence of Alzheimer's dementia in adult patients with Down's syndrome.

PMID- 159486
TI  - [Roentgenometric evaluation of the heart and pulmonary vessels in chronic
      pulmonary heart disease].

PMID- 159485
TI  - [Hypothyroid myopathy: histochemical and ultrastructural features with
      physiopatological correlations (author's transl)].
AB  - The Authors describe an adult case of hypothyroid myopathy which occurred after a
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Ultrastructural examination of the deltoid muscle showed
      two fundamental changes: 1) large collections of mitochondria generally normal in
      shape, structure and size, especially in the subsarcolemmal sapce of the muscle
      fibre; 2) glycogen deposits both beneath sarcolemmal membrane and between
      myofibrils. Histochemical examination reveals an increased activity of
      mitochondrial oxydative enzymes, such as NADPH and SDH especially in
      subsarcolemmal regions of many type I fibres. The histogram is normal. It seems
      that the multiplication of skeletal muscle mitochondria may be compensatory to
      the slowing down of metabolic activities. This, however, is ineffective because
      it involves the mitochondria localized more superficially in the fibres with a
      loosely coupled oxydative phosphorylation. Glycogen accumulations are probably
      due to deficiency of the thyroid hormone; in fact stimulation of carbohydrate
      metabolism by thyroxine is well known. The abnormal functioning of the muscular
      mitochondria and the defective utilisation of glycogen are the most important
      factors in the pathogenesis of muscular weakness of hypothyroid myopathy.

PMID- 159487
TI  - [Suppressor cells of mitogen responses during rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - The suppressor activity of mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood (MCPB)
      during rheumatoid polyarthritis (RP) was studied using experimental protocole.
      The MCPB stimulated in vitro by concanavaline A (Con A) are capable of
      suppressing the mitogenis response of autologus cells; moreover, the short-lived
      spontaneous suppressor cells disappear during 24 hour in vitro incubation that
      determines an increase in the proliferative response of the incubated cells for
      24 hours. In two of the six RP studied, the suppressor activity generated Con A
      and the spontaneous suppressor activity are nul. Culture experiments with the
      MCPB of PR and control subjects show that this defect in suppressor activity is
      more related to a problem in the generation of suppressor cells than to a
      deficiency in the response to suppressor signals.

PMID- 159488
TI  - [Study of the allogenic reactivity and suppression function of lymphocytes, in
      rheumatoid polyarthritis treated with cold salts, in mixed lymphocyte cultures].
AB  - In a group of 30 rheumatoid polyarthritis treated with gold salts, a
      determination of the T lymphocytes (sheep red cells) furnished in percentage
      normal values, and in absolute value a normal average value, with, however, a low
      level of T lymphocytes. In autologous lymphocyte cultures no spontaneous increase
      of DNA synthesis was registered. The allogenic response was normal, and in mixed
      culture with the addition of a third type of cells, a discrete specific
      suppressive activity appeared.

PMID- 159489
TI  - Lymphocytes and lymphocyte functions in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 159490
TI  - The significance of human chromosome abnormalities in Singapore.

PMID- 159491
TI  - Severe hypersensitivity reactions to allopurinol.
AB  - The frequency of severe reactions to allopurinol has probably been
      underestimated. A retrospective study encompassing a five-year period has yielded
      20 patients with severe hypersensitivity reactions to allopurinol. Patients with
      preexisting renal impairment or who were receiving concomitant thiazide diuretics
      appeared to be especially predisposed. Cutaneous reaction patterns included
      maculopapular eruptions, exfoliative dermatitis, and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
      eosinophilia was uncommon. Forty percent of the patients developed hepatic
      involvement and 45% had renal involvement. Hepatic and renal changes usually were
      reversible and were not unique to any one cutaneous reaction pattern. Three
      patients with renal involvement required prolonged administration of systemic
      steroids. Complications included sepsis, decubitus ulcers, and thromboembolism.
      Two patients required hyperalimentation. Sequelae included dry eyes, pigmentary
      disturbances, and keloids. Three patients died as a result of their reaction. It
      is concluded that allopurinol should be used only in select patients, and the
      dosage should be modified if renal disease exists.

PMID- 159492
TI  - Subclavian steal syndrome: an update.
AB  - The clinical findings in this series of 22 cases of subclavian steal syndrome
      showed a predominance of men (13:9), a mean age of 51 years, and a predominance
      of left subclavian artery obstruction. There was a blood pressure differential of
      more than 20 mm Hg and diminished pulses ipsilaterally in most. Main indications
      for surgical repair were transient neurologic symptoms. Twenty-one of our
      patients had surgical repair of the subclavian steal syndrome; six had
      concomitant carotid artery surgery. The most common surgical procedure performed
      consisted of a carotid subclavian bypass graft. One patient had only carotid
      revascularization; 19 patients have had good long-term results. One patient, with
      tetralogy, died and three had complications. The asymptomatic or mildly
      symptomatic patient may be given a trial of medical treatment. Symptomatic
      patients can have extrathoracic bypass with a very low risk. Surgery is indicated
      if significant associated carotid lesions are present.

PMID- 159493
TI  - [Morbidity of nonspecific lung diseases and the demand norms for ambulatory
      polyclinic and hospital care].

PMID- 159494
TI  - [P. N. Sokolov, outstanding public health organizer of Saratov].

PMID- 159495
TI  - [Museum of the History of Medicine and Public Health of Kasakhstan].

PMID- 159496
TI  - [Effect of social hygiene factors on morbidity among children in the 1st 3 years
      of life].

PMID- 159497
TI  - [N. A. Semashko and the Kazan Institute of Physician Postgraduate Study].

PMID- 159499
TI  - Special education in parliament.

PMID- 159498
TI  - Extending ETV in special education.

PMID- 159500
TI  - A preparation for passivity?

PMID- 159501
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of urinary steroids.
AB  - A method for gas-liquid chromatographic separation and quantitation of urinary
      steroid metabolites is described. A normal reference range has been established
      and classic examples of urinary steroid profiles of the major steroid disorders
      are given.

PMID- 159502
TI  - The use of vasodilator agents in the treatment of heart failure.
AB  - In cardiac failure unresponsive to digoxin and diuretics, afterload reduction
      brings about a dramatic increase in cardiac output, renal perfusion and
      responsiveness to diuretics; furthermore, the decrease in venous pressure
      relieves the dyspnoea. Intravenous vasodilators should only be used when
      sophisticated haemodynamic monitoring equipment and experienced physicians are at
      hand. Indications for the use of these agents are severe cardiac failure, acute
      myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular failure, persistent
      ischaemic pain and limitation of infarct size. A wide variety of oral vasodilator
      agents is available, all having different sites of action; the choice of
      vasodilator agents should be tailored to the needs of the patient. Treatment with
      these agents is indicated in patients in whom cardiac failure becomes refractory
      to conventional therapy with digoxin and diuretics. The utmost care must be taken
      to avoid further impairment of cardiac output by excessive reduction of the left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and hypotension, which will jeopardize
      myocardial, renal and cerebral perfusion.

PMID- 159503
TI  - Effect of rehabilitation on employment and earnings of the disabled:
      sociodemographic factors.
AB  - This report analyzes the importance of sociodemographic factors in the effect of
      rehabilitation services on the employment and earnings of disabled persons after
      their cases were closed by State vocational rehabilitation agencies in fiscal
      year 1971. The analysis is based on information about personal characteristics
      and on 1972 employment and earnings data for all such cases in the linked records
      of the Social Security Administration and the Rehabilitation Services
      Administration. It identifies sociodemographic factors that facilitate or hamper
      the effects of rehabilitation as measured primarily by employment differences
      between clients who completed and failed to complete a program of rehabilitation
      services. Rehabilitation appears to provide aid, especially to groups frequently
      disadvantaged in the labor market because of sex, age, ethnicity, or education.
      Impact was greater for men--but not for women--who were married and had larger
      families. These results differe significantly from conclusions based on previous
      studies of the disabled. Earlier studies often concluded that vocational
      rehabilitation was less successful for women, older persons, ethnic minorities,
      and persons with low socioeconomic status. Because those studies lacked
      information on rehabilitation status or focused only on persons who had received
      rehabilitation services and because they did not compare those who had completed
      a rehabilitation program with those who had not, they were unable to examine the
      effects of vocational rehabilitation completely.

PMID- 159506
TI  - [Preparation for health visitor education: subject matter in clinical experiences
      is essential].

PMID- 159504
TI  - Primary closure of gastroschisis. Evaluation of results and technique.

PMID- 159505
TI  - Synchronous aortofemoral or iliofemoral bypass with revascularization of the
      lower extremity.
AB  - Bypassing aortoiliac stenosing lesions to the profunda femoria alone, even with
      extensive end-arterectomy and angioplasty of the latter, will not provide
      predictable excellent results in the presence of gangrene and occlusion in the
      femoral popliteal system. With severe pregangrene and rest pain, residual
      ischemic complaints are also common, and if lesions are present, healing is
      incomplete or, at best, delayed. Alternatively, femoropopliteal or tibial bypass,
      in the presence of even moderately diminished inflow, is subject to either early
      or delayed closure, unless proximal repair is also performed in appropriately
      selected patients. Synchronous correction of tandem lesions involving the
      aortoiliac and femoropopliteal segments should, therefore, be considered for limb
      salvage only and particularly in the presence of focal gangrene, excision or
      debridement of which can be anticipated to heal after successful bypass. Major
      diminution in femoral inflow usually indicates the need for proximal repair only,
      even in the presence of distal lesions. Noninvasive studies and intraoperative
      flow determinations are not uniformly helpful in patient selection. Synchronous
      aortofemoral or iliofemoral and femoropopliteal or tibial reconstructions were
      performed upon 38 patients, 15 of whom had no prior vascular operation and 23 of
      whom had previously undergone either aortofemoral or femoropopliteal bypasses
      that had failed. Graft patency for all patients was 76 per cent, and although it
      was better for the patients in group 1 than for those in group 2, no statistical
      significance existed between the two groups. Improved patient selection and
      criteria for performing synchronous reconstructions might originally have been of
      benefit for the patients in group 2, avoiding more difficult secondary repairs.
      It must be emphasized, however, that synchronous reconstructions should not be
      done routinely in the presence of multilevel disease. Rather, specific
      indications do exist and should be considered on an individual basis.

PMID- 159508
TI  - Peritoneoscopy: a useful technique.

PMID- 159507
TI  - [Clinico-morphological variants of idiopathic myocarditis].

PMID- 159509
TI  - [Early paediatric detection and prevention of diseases of the masticatory organs
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 159510
TI  - Effect of ipratropium bromide on mucociliary clearance and pulmonary function in
      reversible airways obstruction.
AB  - The effects of (a) regular use for one week and (b) a single dose of a synthetic
      anticholinergic (ipratropium bromide) on lung mucociliary clearance and as a
      bronchodilator was ascertained in a controlled, double-blind, cross-over study in
      12 patients with reversible airways obstruction (mean increase in FEV after
      isoprenaline: 17% range 10-50%). Two puffs from a metered dose inhaler of either
      placebo (propellants only) or drug (40 microgram) were administered four times a
      day for one week (regular use), and mucociliary clearance was measured, by
      radioaerosol tracer, at the end of each treatment period and after a control
      period in which no treatment was given. On the mornings of the measurements after
      the placebo and drug periods one final dose (single dose) of ipratropium (40
      microgram) or placebo was given 2.5 hours before the start of the test. There was
      no statistically significant difference between the three mean mucociliary
      clearance curves (control, placebo, and drug) for the group; however, there was a
      significantly greater penetration towards the periphery of the lung of the tracer
      in the test after drug administration compared with the other two. This increased
      penetration was attributed to bronchodilatation caused by the drug. Ipratropium
      bromide does not appear to impair mucociliary clearance, and it acts an effective
      bronchodilator.

PMID- 159511
TI  - Action of brinase on human fibrinogen and plasminogen.
AB  - Brinase added to human plasma in vitro caused a decrease in fibrinogen
      concentration, positive paracoagulation tests and formation of a friable clot in
      sequence. Agarose gel filtration of these samples revealed the presence of
      fibrinogen derivatives both larger and smaller than the parent molecule. Infusion
      of the enzyme in vivo resulted in a decreased fibrinogen level, a prolonged
      thrombin time and an increase in fibrinogen related antigen (FRA) in serum. The
      elution pattern of FRA in the plasma samples obtained after infusion of Brinase
      was similar to that of the in vitro samples. The plasma pool of fibrinogen was
      partially consumed by infusion of Brinase, but the turnover of plasminogen
      remained unaffected. Purified plasminogen was partially degraded by addition of
      the enzyme but this was accompanied by a generation of proteolytic activity.
      These findings confirm that Brinase induces a proteolytic degradation of
      fibrinogen in plasma without activation of the plasminogen-plasmin system.
      Exposure of polymerization site(s) in the fibrinogen molecule is probably
      responsible for the reported clot promoting effect of the enzyme.

PMID- 159512
TI  - The plasminogen content of commercial preparations and of normal donor plasma in
      relation to the plasmin content of the 1st international plasmin reference
      preparation.
AB  - Kabi human plasminogen and plasmin and two Behringwerke preparations of human
      plasminogen were examined for antigen content, purity and specific activity with
      the 1st International W.H.O. human plasmin reference preparation and with the
      plasminogen content of an 8 donor normal plasma pool. In relation to the
      plasminogen content of the preparation with the highest specific activity, the 8
      donor plasma pool contained 0.186 mg/ml of plasminogen. This plasminogen on
      complete conversion to plasmin by streptokinase or urokinase corresponded to 4.35
      International units/ml of plasmin as defined by the International reference
      preparation. Protein adsorption from highly purified plasminogens of low protein
      content induced variable underestimates of antigen and of biological activity. To
      prevent this it is recommended to issue these purified preparations in an inert
      carrier medium or alternatively to release these preparations with data
      pertaining to salt content and optical measurement prior to lyophilisation. When
      standards of high purity and low protein content are being examined for antigen
      and enzyme, it is recommended likewise that an inert protein carrier should be
      present in the diluent. Measurement of proactivator was considered to be
      unsuitable in reference to proactivator content of highly purified plasmin and
      plasminogen.

PMID- 159513
TI  - Kinetic studies on the selectivity of a synthetic thrombin-inhibitor using
      synthetic peptide substrates.
AB  - The synthetic thrombin-inhibitor termed No. 205 (N-alpha-dansyl-L-arginine-4
      ethyl-piperidine amide) found in our laboratories was studied kinetically using
      synthetic peptide substrates. The following results were obtained. 1. No. 205
      inhibited thrombin competively with bz-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA and the Ki value obtained
      was extremely small, 3.7 x 10(-8) M. 2. No. 205 also inhibited trypsin
      competitively with bz-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA but the Ki value obtained was far larger
      than that for thrombin, 1.0 x 10(-5) M. 3. No. 205 inhibited F. Xa, plasmin and
      urokinase only to a small extent when estimated using 2 x 10(-4) M D-Val-Leu-Lys
      pNA, bz-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA and Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA, respectively. 4. No 205 differed
      from APPA in its specific inhibitory spectrum for thrombin as compared to
      trypsin, plasmin and F. Xa. The above results indicate that No. 205 is an
      extremely potent and highly selective reversible thrombin-inhibitor.

PMID- 159514
TI  - The effect of sodium chloride on the enzymatic action of plasmin.

PMID- 159515
TI  - Comparative histochemical studies on fibrinolysis in whole organs and isolated
      tissue layers.
AB  - Using Todd's technique for the detection of plasminogen activator and Noordhoek
      Hegt and Brakman's method for inhibitors of fibrinolysis, rat tissues were
      studied, both in sections of whole organs and as separated tissue layers. Whole
      organ preparations showed less fibrinolytic activity and poorer localisation of
      inhibitor, because of a widespread diffusion of the inhibitor from tissue layers
      rich in inhibitor during the histochemical procedures. It is concluded that when
      using histochemical methods both agents are best studied in separated layers of
      the organ to avoid the masking effects of diffused inhibitor.

PMID- 159517
TI  - [History of the organization and activities of the Leningrad Stomatology
      Society].

PMID- 159516
TI  - Amidolytic activity in normal human plasma assessed with chromogenic substrates.

PMID- 159518
TI  - [Liubomira Antonovna Lutsik (on her 60th birthday)].

PMID- 159519
TI  - [Rafail Dmitrievich Novoselov (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 159520
TI  - [Tasks of stomatology in raising the healthy child].

PMID- 159521
TI  - [Use of the Soviet BI-8 jet injector for local anesthesia in pediatric
      stomatology].

PMID- 159522
TI  - [Lidiia Maksimovna Obukhova (on her 80th birthday)].

PMID- 159523
TI  - Ineffectiveness of the Doppler Ophthalmic Test (DOT) in post-endarterectomy
      evaluation.
AB  - In an effort to evaluate the effectiveness of the Doppler Ophthalmic Test (DOT)
      following carotid endarterectomy, a large group of patients was examined both pre
      and postoperatively with non-invasive techniques. The DOT, which has proven to
      be a useful non-invasive diagnostic test for the determination of significant
      carotid artery stenosis, was found to be persistently abnormal in 46% of patients
      with a preoperative positive test. This occurred in spite of the fact that
      operative arteriography, direct ultrasonic auscultation, and Doppler imaging
      studies were all within normal limits. It is suggested from this study that the
      Doppler Ophthalmic Test alone is not adequate to follow patients postoperatively,
      especially if an abnormal study persists following a satisfactory endarterectomy.
      Other non-invasive techniques, which employ direct ultrasonic imaging of the
      carotid flow, may be more accurate in determining vessel patency.

PMID- 159524
TI  - The R1-rat: a new RT1 haplotype.

PMID- 159525
TI  - An estimate of the gene sequence in the major histocompatibility complex of the
      rat: RT1.

PMID- 159526
TI  - Evidence for a second class II (Ia) antigenic system in rats linked to RT1.

PMID- 159527
TI  - The immune response to poly(Glu52Lys33Tyr15) in inbred and wild rats.

PMID- 159528
TI  - Genetic control of susceptibility to immune complex type nephritis induced by
      HgCl2 in rats.

PMID- 159529
TI  - Genetics of rat cardiac allograft rejection in matings between a low-responding
      strain and a strain of high immunogenicity.

PMID- 159530
TI  - A new modulation method with range resolution for ultrasonic Doppler flow
      sensing.
AB  - This paper proposes a new pair of sequences whose cross-correlation values are
      zero except for the peak value and presents a new modulation method for an
      ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter with high sensitivity utilizing these sequences. In
      this method, transmitted and received waves are modulated and demodulated,
      respectively, by the specified new sequences. Since ulfavourable reflected waves
      can be almost completely eliminated by this proposed modulation method, a high
      signal-to-noise ratio is easily achieved. Elementary experimental results are
      also given.

PMID- 159531
TI  - [Leukocytoclastic vasculitis].

PMID- 159533
TI  - [Criteria of diagnosis of occupational diseases of the vocal apparatus and the
      problems of expert testimony in work capacity evaluation].

PMID- 159532
TI  - [Capacity of gentamycin to penetrate into the area of an infected wound of the
      intraocular membranes depending on the method of administering the antibiotic].

PMID- 159534
TI  - [Diagnosis and the surgical treatment of tumors of the anterior abdominal wall].
AB  - In 1015 patients with various diseases of soft tissues the pathological process
      was localized in the anterior abdominal wall in 64 patients (6,3%): desmoids were
      found in 41 patients, sarcomas -- in 12, benign tumors -- in 5 and non-tumor
      diseases -- in 6 patients. Dissection of the tumor must be performed not less
      than 2 -- 3 cm further than the pulpated borders. When plasty with local tissues
      is not possible, it is expedient to employ synthetic (terylene) prostheses.

PMID- 159535
TI  - [Method of determining venous blood viscosity in clinical practice].

PMID- 159536
TI  - Industrial injuries to cover leptospirosis.

PMID- 159537
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mechanical jaundice by using
      laparosocopic cholecystostomy].

PMID- 159538
TI  - [Control of leukemia in the Kirov region].

PMID- 159539
TI  - [Equine piroplasmosis and nuttaliosis].

PMID- 159541
TI  - Glomerular localization of preformed immune complexes in nephrotoxic serum
      nephritis.
AB  - Pre-formed immune complexes solubilized in antigen excess were infused into rats
      with nephrotoxic serum nephritis and normal control animals. Complex localization
      was evident in seven of ten nephrotoxic animals suggesting that the presence of
      immune mediated glomerular injury makes the kidney susceptibility to further
      immune injury.

PMID- 159540
TI  - Teratogenetic periods for the principal malformations of the central nervous
      system.
AB  - The teratogenetic periods of the most important CNS malformations are defined and
      briefly discussed. The results are presented in a synoptic figure. The present
      study is based on the analysis of normal CNS development and on morphogenetic
      interpretations of the pertinent anomalies. The data compiled from the literature
      concerning normal development are presented in an analytical table and are also
      summarized in a synoptic figure.

PMID- 159542
TI  - Effects of plasma and serum on arterial endothelium.
AB  - Electron microscopic study of the femoral artery of rats following a single brief
      intra-arterial infusion of two different types of rat plasma and of rat serum led
      to the following findings and conclusions: 1. Plasma from heparinised blood
      caused no endothelial injury whatsoever whereas plasma from citrated blood
      damaged the arterial endothelium. Since the intra-arterial infusion of citrate
      alone produced an endothelial injury that was similar to that induced by plasma
      from citrated blood, it is very likely that the endothelium-injuring effect of
      the latter was due to its citrate content. 2. Serum obtained from clotted blood
      injured both the endothelium and some myocytes of the arteries into which it was
      infused. This injury was possibly due to the proteolytic or other actions of
      activated clotting factors, which are known to be present in serum but absent
      from plasma. The implications of these findings for certain areas of experimental
      and human pathology are discussed.

PMID- 159543
TI  - Light and electron microscopic findings in five cases of cryoglobulinemic
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - Renal tissue from five patients with cryoglobulinemia was studied by light and
      electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. None of the histologic features
      observed at the light microscopic level seems to be specific for
      cryoglobulinemia. Electron microscopic investigations have shown very large
      electron dense deposits in almost every examined lobule in all cases. The
      deposits displayed two main patterns; a homogeneous texture in two cases and
      tubular or annular structures in three cases. The patients with typically
      structured deposits had IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemia (2 cases) or monoclonal IgM
      cryoglobulinemia (1 case). The presence of IgM in cryoglobulinemia may be the
      cause of the peculiar structure of the deposits.

PMID- 159544
TI  - Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide and colchicine on the resorption of experimental
      amyloid.
AB  - The induction of amyloid in C3H mice by either casein solution or complete
      Freund's adjuvant emulsion with Mycobacterium butyricum was confirmed by partial
      splenectomy. The animals were autopsied after treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide
      (550 mg/kg, 50 times), colchicine (0.02 mg/kg, 15--37 times), or saline solution
      as a control. Detailed histological comparisons of biopsy and autopsy spleens
      provided evidence that dimethyl sulfoxide was significantly effective in the
      resorption of amyloid, while in the animals treated with colchicine amyloid
      deposition was increased. The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide was discussed with
      reference to the modification of amyloid fibrils.

PMID- 159545
TI  - Intercellular junctional specializations in human basal cell carcinoma. A freeze
      fracture study.
AB  - Intercellular junctions of various types were found on the membrane fracture
      faces of human nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cells. The junctional types
      represented include desmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions. A
      semiquantitative comparison of undifferentiated and differentiated nodular BCC
      showed that gap and tight junctions were observed on all exposed membrane
      fracture interfaces of the differentiated tumors, while only fifty six per cent
      of the membrane interfaces of the undifferentiated tumor exhibited similar
      junctional specializations. These membrane specializations may be a partial
      reflection of differentiation among the different types of BCC and their
      contribution to the less invasive character of nodular BCC cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 159546
TI  - Irreversible shock of rats after acute renal vein thrombosis.

PMID- 159547
TI  - Direct immunofluorescent studies of urinary casts in human nephropathies.

PMID- 159548
TI  - Adrenal adenomata causing primary aldosteronism. An ultrastructural study of
      twenty five cases.
AB  - Adenomata taken from 25 patients with primary aldosteronism were observed by
      electron microscopy. The cells in the adenoma had a well developed agranular
      endoplasmic reticulum but granular endoplasmic reticulum was not prominent. Most
      of the mitochondria resembled those in the cells of the zona glomerulosa,
      suggesting that the adenomata which caused primary aldosteronism are derived from
      this zone. Spironolactone bodies were found in the cells of the adenoma from a
      patient who received spironolactone. Their appearance was identical to that
      described in previous reports.

PMID- 159550
TI  - Aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in a Hamburg autopsy series.

PMID- 159549
TI  - A problem in palaeopathology. The origin of thalassemia in Italy.

PMID- 159551
TI  - Histologic and immunohistochemical findings in the differential diagnosis of
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type and
      lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma.

PMID- 159552
TI  - Myxoid liposarcoma. An electronmicroscopic study: biological and histogenetic
      considerations.
AB  - Ten myxoid liposarcomas (ML) were studied ultrastructurally in an attempt to
      determine the histogenesis of this neoplasm and structural associations which
      might contribute to their relatively benign clinical behavior. The findings were
      compared with normal and neoplastic adipose tissue. Three cell types were
      observed, i.e., "primitive" mesenchymal cells, intermediate cell types, and
      lipoblasts at various stages of development. The principle differences between
      the lipoblastic elements were the number and the size of intracytoplasmic fat
      vacuoles, the development of basement membrane-like material, micropinocytotic
      vesicles along the plasma membrane and the quantity and pleomorphism of
      mitochondria. The tumor vasculature was complex but consistently demonstrated a
      multilayered basal lamina. This finding has been described in neoplasms
      associated with a relatively good prognosis. This study demonstrates that the
      better differentiated lipoblasts in ML share some features with normal brown
      fetal fat and hibernoma. It is, thus, suggested that ML may be derived from brown
      adipose tissue.

PMID- 159553
TI  - Cartilaginous metaplasia and overgrowth of neurocranium skull after X-irradiation
      in utero.
AB  - Prenatal X-irradiation of mice in the late organogenesis stage either with a
      fractionated or a single exposure dose (3 X 160 R or 200 R) leads to remarkable,
      previously undescribed malformations of the skull. These malformations range from
      mild hyperostotic nodule formation in about 90% of the offspring to excessive
      formation of desmal bony tissues, which extend deep into the forebrain and are
      thus only detectable in histological sections. Metaplastic and hyperplastic
      formation of cartilage in all the neurocranial regions is observed in about 10%
      of the offspring. The pathogenesis of these overgrowth phenomena is presumably
      related to a growth disturbance of both the mesenchymal skull primordium and the
      brain. While malformation of the latter leads to a decrease of intracranial
      pressure and consequently to altered growth activity of the skull sutures, the
      reparative and proliferative capacities of the mesenchyme are also stimulated, in
      a hyperplastic direction, by X-irradiation.

PMID- 159555
TI  - Morphological alterations of rabbit oviducts following ligature of the tubal
      isthmus.
AB  - An animal model of tubal sterilisation would be valuable in order to examine the
      problem of severe damage of the tubal wall and to study the criteria for optimal
      anastomosis. In a preliminary experimental group the Fallopian tubes of 30
      rabbits were ligated at the isthmic segment. Specimens of the ligated portion and
      other tubal segments have been investigated by light microscopy and scanning and
      transmission electronmicroscopy one, four and twelve weeks following the
      ligature. Changes in the Fallopian tubes following the ligature were limited to
      the ligated portion. The morphological findings consisted of a flattening and
      decrease of differentiation of the mucous epithelium, and of a slight scarring in
      the tubal wall and in the subperitoneal tissue within the constricted segment.
      Tubal ligation at the isthmic segment provides good conditions for
      refertilisation, following resection of the altered portion and microsurgical
      anastomosis.

PMID- 159554
TI  - Ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules. Clinicopathologic report of two
      benign and one malignant cases with long follow-ups.
AB  - The clinicopathologic features of three new cases of ovarian sex cord tumors with
      annular tubules are presented, thereby increasing to 23 the number of the
      published cases in the world literature. These three observations, along with
      another one which was previously published, were found in the files of the
      Institute of Pathology of the University of Lausanne from 1939 to 1978. Forty
      seven granulosa cell tumors and eight Sertoli and/or Leydig cell tumors of the
      ovary were found during the same 40-year period. The patients were 48, 64 and 71
      years of age. No sign of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome was noticed in the three
      patients. All three tumors caused metrorrhagias as a cardinal sign. They were
      bulky, unilateral and were formed by solid tissue with cystic spaces.
      Histologically, the most characteristic pattern consisted of simple and complex
      tubular structures as described by Scully in 1970. Two patients, in which the
      mitotic indexes of the tumors were lower than 5 mitoses per 10 HPF, died without
      evidence of a recurrence 36 and 37 years after surgical ablation of the tumor.
      The third patient, whose neoplasm featured fewer well differentiated tubular
      structures than the two previous ones and had a mitotic index of over 70 mitoses
      per 10 HPF, died from massive abdominal recurrence after 5 years and 5 months.

PMID- 159556
TI  - [On the development of the skin of the digital pulp in the early fetal period
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The skin of the digital pulp is of pathologic as well as of forensic interest.
      Investigations were made with the scanning electron microscope on the fingers of
      27 fetuses to get a new insight into the development of this part of the skin.
      The formation of the peridermal cells is already striking in this region in the
      early fetal period. A certain grouping together of these peridermal cells appears
      to resemble the later developed epidermal ridge. The dermatoglyphics are fully
      developed by the end of the second trimenon. A more exact time sequence cannot be
      established due to fluxional transitions and, particularly, to marked individual
      veriations.

PMID- 159557
TI  - Interepithelial cells of the oral mucosa in mice. An ultrastructural
      classification with reflections on the origin of the Langerhans cell.

PMID- 159558
TI  - Clustering of Prm- mutations of bacteriophage lambda in the region between 33 and
      40 nucleotides from the cL transcription start point.

PMID- 159559
TI  - Stimulation of T of function and pL-proximal transcription by the N gene product
      of coliphage lambda.

PMID- 159560
TI  - Control of rightward transcription in coliphage lambda by the regulatory
      functions of phage genes N and cro.

PMID- 159561
TI  - Isolation and characterization of mutants of lambda recA which synthesize a
      hyperactive recA protein.

PMID- 159562
TI  - [Anniversary of a hospital].

PMID- 159563
TI  - [Work experience of the Romandanovo Central District Hospital in child health
      care].

PMID- 159564
TI  - [Status of research and the developmental prospects in gastroenterology in the
      RSFSR].

PMID- 159565
TI  - [Kyzylagach virus (family Togaviridae, genus alphaviruses), a new arbovirus
      isolated from Culex modestus mosquitoes trapped in the Azerbaijani SSR].
AB  - A strain of LEIV 65A virus was isolated in 1969 from Culex modestus mosquitoes
      collected in the Kyzylagach preserve, the Azerbaijan SSR, in a colony of
      Ciconiiformes birds. Investigations of the antigenic properties of this virus by
      the complement fixation and neutralization tests as well as by electron
      microscopy showed it to belong to alphaviruses of the Togaviridae family.
      Kyzylagach virus had one-way relations with Sindbis virus. Some biological and
      biophysical-biochemical properties of the virus were studied.

PMID- 159567
TI  - Estimating disabilities in Worker's Compensation cases as provided in the
      Wisconsin Administrative Code.

PMID- 159566
TI  - Children with handicaps: to refer or not to refer.

PMID- 159568
TI  - [Human cytogenetic study methods--value and use. II. Banding methods in
      chromosome diagnosis].

PMID- 159569
TI  - [20 years of the Central Rehabilitation Tent Camp in Pepelow (Baltic Sea)].

PMID- 159570
TI  - [Medical experiences from a vacation tent camp for severely mentally and
      physically handicapped children at the Rehabilitation Tent Camp in Pepelow
      (Baltic Sea), 1978].

PMID- 159571
TI  - [10 years as camp physician in Pepelow].

PMID- 159572
TI  - [Current information on sexual dimorphism in the large salivary glands of
      mammals].

PMID- 159573
TI  - [Early treatment of children with developmental anomalies].

PMID- 159574
TI  - [Health status of children in preschool institutions in relation to their living
      and social conditions].

PMID- 159575
TI  - [Ultrastructural-histochemical analysis of phosphohydrolases of the formed
      elements of blood].

PMID- 159576
TI  - [Main trends in the studies of biochemistry of dermatoses].

PMID- 159577
TI  - [Occupational dermatoses in workers of the meat-packing industry].

PMID- 159578
TI  - [Use of quinosol and salicylic acid in demexide for treatment of onychomycosis].

PMID- 159579
TI  - [Determination of the degree of accuracy of a diagnosis of the causes of death].

PMID- 159580
TI  - [Improvement in the instructional and educational work in the 1st-year courses of
      medical and pharmaceutical institutes].

PMID- 159581
TI  - [Dynamics and the regional characteristics of the birth rate in the RSFSR].

PMID- 159582
TI  - [Experience in carrying out organizational measures in tuberculosis control].

PMID- 159583
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of the staged treatment of children suffering
      from cerebral palsy].

PMID- 159584
TI  - [Teaching the methodology for analysing the activities of therapeutic and
      prophylactic institutions to medical college students].

PMID- 159585
TI  - [Morbidity among children during their first 7 years in a large city (data from
      Leningrad)].

PMID- 159586
TI  - [Estimating economic losses as a result of injury].

PMID- 159587
TI  - [Organization and effectiveness of antialcoholic education in schools].

PMID- 159589
TI  - [Role of the social hygiene department and public health organization in the
      growth of the preventive trend in Soviet public health].

PMID- 159588
TI  - [Organization of the treatment of tetanus patients in hospitals of the Russian
      Federation].

PMID- 159591
TI  - [Indices characterizing sampling of twins in the city of Erevan].

PMID- 159590
TI  - [Staphylococcus aureus in poultry--biochemical characteristics, antibiotic
      resistance and phage pattern (author's transl)].
AB  - In a poultry processing plant in northern Germany 1412 swabs were taken from
      poultry carcasses together with 608 swabs from the personnel. The broilers came
      from 22 different chicken farms. The swabs taken from the poultry and those taken
      from the personnel proved to be 35% and 48% Staph. aureus positive respectively.
      The swabs taken from the feathers and from the skin were staphylococcal positive
      at a higher level (47%) than the swabs taken from the cloaca (19%) and the throat
      (23%). Between 8% and 63% of the animals from the various chicken farms were
      Staph. aureus positive. The frequency of staphylococcal contamination increased
      during the course of slaughter. 57% of the swabs taken from the gloves and the
      hands and 42% from the aprons of the personnel were Staph. aureus positive. Some
      biochemical properties, the phage patterns, and the antibiotic resistance against
      oleandomycin, erythromycin, bacitracin, streptomycin, tetracyclin, penicillin,
      chloramphenicol, virginiamycin and flavomycin were determined from 445 poultry
      and 345 personnel Staph. aureus isolates. Only small differences could be
      established between both sources in this way. Only 20% of the personnel and 34%
      of the chicken strains were resistant to antibiotics. In the strains collected
      from personnel, penicillin-resistance predominated while the poultry isolates
      showed predominantly tetracyclin-resistance. Of all antibiotics applied
      nutritively in the chicken fattening, there was a higher resistance only against
      oleandomycin (11% of the poultry strains). Between the chicken farms there was a
      different frequency of resistance (0--68%). The source of the staphylococci could
      be determined for only some of the strains. Only 2.5% of the chicken isolates
      showed characteristics described in the literature to be "poultry-specific",
      whereas 37% of the personnel and 24% of the poultry isolates were shown to be
      "human-specific" strains. It seems that the vast majority of the staphylococci
      originated from the slaughterhouse personnel. The rest of the strains differed in
      varying combinations of their properties from the given species characteristics.
      Although Staph. aureus was brought into the slaughterhouse by the poultry, the
      contaminations of the final product seemed to originate mainly from human beings.

PMID- 159592
TI  - [State of the external respiratory function in persons engaged in the manufacture
      of vinyl acetate and its derivatives].

PMID- 159593
TI  - [Evolution of mechanisms regulating the reaction between actin and myosin].
AB  - In the paper we consider some aspects of evolution of actin, myosin, and Ca2+
      binding proteins regulating their interaction. On the basis of the data recently
      obtained, we propose the following theses: 1. All types of motility in the living
      world where actin and myosin are involved, are based on active sliding of actin
      filaments along myosin filaments (or less organized myosin aggregates). 2. Ca2+
      sensitivity of actin-myosin interaction is as old as actin and myosin themselves.
      Therefore, Ca2+-independent actomyosin ATPase found in vitro does not correspond
      to physiological sutuation and in this sense relfects an experimental artefact.
      3. All proteins which regulate Ca2+-sensitivity of actin and myosin interaction,
      contain EF-hand structure. 4. It is generally believed that non-muscle cells,
      including Protozoa and Myxomycetes, contain all regulatory mechanisms which were
      described for muscles. However, in our opinion, troponin complex similar to that
      found in striated muscles, if present does not operate there.

PMID- 159594
TI  - [Ultrastructural organization of the inner medullary zone of the kidney of the
      water vole Arvicola terrestris].
AB  - Papillary component ultrastructure and acid mucopolysaccharide distribution have
      been investigated in the kidney of the water vole A. terrestris. Structural
      differences between the descending and ascending parts of the Henle's loop are
      rather small, cell cytoplasm of these segments being poor in organells. Unusual
      ultrastructure of the collecting duct epithelium with high level of cytoplasmic
      organization (elongated thin mitochondria, fairly developed Golgi complex,
      numerous phagosomes and pinocytotic vesicles, long branching microvilli) was
      described. Apical membrane of the epithelium is covered by rich glycocalix layer.
      Heil-positive substrances are located intracellularly inside phagosomes and on
      vesicle membranes, as well as on the membranes of cisternae of endoplasmic
      reticulum. Interstitium is abundant, but no close contacts between papillary
      components were found. Acid mucopolysaccharide content of the interstitium is
      low, "gel" filter being not formed. The described peculiarities are discussed in
      relation to water and salt metabolism of the rodents investigated.

PMID- 159595
TI  - [Immunological structure of the population vis-a-vis the meningococcus].
AB  - The immunological and epidemiological study of 3362 serum samples selectively
      taken from healthy persons in Yaroslavl showed the presence of highly pronounced
      inverse correlation between morbidity rate indices and level of antibodies, as
      well as direct correlation between the level of carriership and the level of
      antibodies, which indicated the specific character of this process. The analysis
      of serological data showed that all meningococcal antigenic fractions took part
      in the formation of the immunological structure of the population, but
      lipopolysaccharides and polysaccharides played the most active role in this
      process. The level of all immunoglobulin classes (especially IgA) in the sera of
      the persons selected for this study was also shown to depend on their age.

PMID- 159596
TI  - [Effectiveness of social hygiene and organized preventive measures in dysentery
      in preschool institutions].
AB  - The work presents the data on the development and realization of the complex of
      social and hygienic, as well as organizational and preventive measures for
      dysentery control at institutions for children of preschool age in one of the
      regions of our country. This complex comprises the improvement of
      "epidemiological" knowledge of the staff, preventive orientation in the work of
      the epidemiological section of the local Sanitary Epidemiological Station, the
      spread of sanitary and hygienic knowledge children and in their families, the
      improvement of material and technical equipment of children's institutions. The
      complex proved to be highly effective: at institutions for children of preschool
      age morbidity -ate in dysentery decrease 4--5 times, and its specific falue
      dropped from 40% to 5.4%, the frequency of positive results given by tests for
      the presence of intestinal microflora in washings from various objects decreased
      more than 25 times. Morbidity rate at institutions for children of preschool age
      decreased 4--5 times as compared with that among children not attending such
      institutions. The above data suggest the necessity of introducing this experience
      in other regions of our country.

PMID- 159597
TI  - [Tubal surgery: selective diagnostic methodology, operative technics and
      results].

PMID- 159598
TI  - Temperature compensation of sodium transport and ATPase activity in frog skin.
AB  - Na+ transport across frog skin, measured as short-circuit current (SCC) shows
      perfect temperature compensation in frogs acclimated to 6 degrees, 12 degrees,
      and 23 degrees C as SCC values observed at the acclimation temperatures are equal
      (about 13 muA/cm2). Reacclimation experiments show that this is not a starvation
      effect. While very little temperature compensation is seen in the activity of
      Na+, K+-ATPase in epidermal homogenates from frog skins, the activity of Mg2+
      ATPase shows inverse compensation at assay temperatures from 4 degrees to 48
      degrees C. This ATPase is apparently activated either by Mg2+ or by Ca2+ and it
      probably controls the passive permeability of epidermal cells. It is suggested
      that the inverse temperature compensation in the activity of this enzyme is the
      main mechanism by which the observed perfect temperature compensation of Na+
      transport across frog skin occurs.

PMID- 159599
TI  - The effect of surgical sympathectomy and of neonatal treatment with 6
      hydroxydopamine and guanethidine on particle-bound noradrenaline and 35S
      sulphomucopolysaccharides.
AB  - Five to six weeks after bilateral stellate ganglionectomy, noradrenaline (NA)
      levels in cats' atria were reduced to approximately 20% of controls. In vivo
      uptake of 3H-NA and of 35S-sulphate into gradient fractions containing
      noradrenergic vesicles from the atria decreased to approximately 30% and
      approximately 40%, respectively. The uptakes of 3H-NA and 35S-sulphate were
      significantly correlated in both control and ganglionectomized cats, and the
      distributions of 3H and 35S on the gradients were parallel. The findings suggest
      that sulphomucopolysaccharides (SMPSs) may be localized in noradrenergic
      vesicles, possibly participating in the storage of Na. in 10-week-old rats
      treated neonatally with either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) or guanethidine,
      levels of NA in the heart, spleen and salivary glands were decreased to less than
      10% and to 10-20%, respectively; in the seminal ducts to 33% and 45%,
      respectively. 3H-NA uptake into noradrenergic-vesicle-enriched subcellular
      fractions from the heart, spleen and salivary glands of 6-OH-DA treated rats
      decreased almost to the extent of NA depletion but in the seminal ducts the
      decrease was less marked. Guanethidine treatment left the uptake unaffected,
      except for the spleen. The discrepancy between storage and uptake suggests that
      surviving neurons display during their outgrowth into tissues a high uptake
      capacity but lack full NA synthesis. 35S-sulphate incorporation into non-lipid
      compounds, presumably SMPSs, in the noradrenergic-vesicle-enriched fractions
      appeared unaffected or increased over corresponding control levels, possibly due
      to high synthetic activity in the growing neurons.

PMID- 159600
TI  - Cardiovascular 'reactivity' to graded splanchnic nerve stimulation in
      spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive control rats.
AB  - Cardiovascular 'reactivity' to graded splanchnic nerve stimulation was compared
      in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive controls (NCR),
      during abolished adrenal medullary secretion and neurogenic cardiac control and
      depressed reflex vascular adjustments. Arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac
      output were measured, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) and stroke volume
      (SV) computed before, during and after nerve stimulation. The neurogenic
      resistance increases in the major gastrointestinal-renal-hepatic circuits
      expressed themselves as TPR elevations, which were much accentuated in SHR. This
      reflects an increased w/ri of SHR resistance vessels rather than any altered
      effector sensitivity, since the responses were particularly accentuated at high
      discharge rates when noradrenaline junction concentrations approach maximal
      levels. The splanchnic capacitance responses expressed themselves as SV
      increases, being the most relevant aspect of capacitance control. SV increased
      less in SHR, mainly reflecting the reduced diastolic compliance of the
      hypertrophied SHR left ventricle and the consequent rightward shift of its Frank
      Starling curve. The results indicate that an elevated resistance may well be
      maintained by a normal sympathetic discharge in established SHR hypertension.
      There seems, however, to be an increasing need for accentuated discharge to the
      capacitance side to maintain proper cardiac filling of the hypertrophied left
      ventricle.

PMID- 159601
TI  - Prognosis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Thirty-eight non-operated patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
      (HOCM) were followed for 1--18 years (mean 8). Twelve patients died, nine of them
      instantaneously without any other apparent cause of death. The symptoms on the
      first admission did not discriminate between those who died and those who
      survived during the observation period, nor did the findings at heart
      catheterization at rest or left ventricular angiocardiography. However, cardiac
      enlargement on the first chest X-ray was significantly more common in the
      decreased group, 75% against 27%, as was the complete absence of a q-wave in lead
      III on the first ECG, 83% against 42%. The combination of complete lack of q in
      lead III and cardiac enlargement on chest X-ray at the initial examination was
      present in 9 of the 12 deceased (75%) and in only 3 of 24 survivors (13%). This
      can be used to select patients for long-term prophylaxis against ventricular
      fibrillation which, according to the literature, is the main mechanism of
      instantaneous death in HOCM.

PMID- 159602
TI  - [Arthralgias and hepatitis B].

PMID- 159604
TI  - Biochemical changes during the muscle work. II. Metabolism of phosphagens during
      the working load.

PMID- 159603
TI  - [Vertebral traction by a self-operated frame (author's transl)].

PMID- 159605
TI  - [Development tendencies of the contact allergy].
AB  - The development tendencies of the contact allergy in the given catch-area in the
      years 1948-1977 are studied here by the help of a systematic examination of the
      dynamics concerning the hypersensitivity of the population. By means of patch
      tests applied to 15685 patients/6864 men and 8821 women/reactors are checked up
      towards 15 contact allergens/hexavalent and trivalent chromium, nickel, cobalt,
      procaine, paraphenylenediamine, neomycine, mercury bichloride, resorcinol,
      camomile, paraben mixture, formaldehyde, balsam of Peru, turpentine oil, rubber
      chemicals, and the connections between the percentage of the reactors and the
      alterations in the technology of the production as well as of the degree and
      effektiveness of the preventive measures and of the introduction of new remedies,
      cosmetics and necessaries for daily use are being determined. At the same time
      this study and the results achieved by analysis are the basis for preventive
      measures to be taken according to the characteristics of the contact allergens
      and in proportion to the possibility of taking such measures.

PMID- 159606
TI  - [The Langerhans cell--its macrophages-analogous function in the triggering of the
      allergic contact eczema (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. Langerhans cells represent specific granula-containing dendritic cells which
      do not have desmosomes, tonofilaments and (pre)melanosomes and which therefore
      appear as clear cells in the epithelial tissue. 2. They occur in the squamous
      epithelium, and also in the corium, lymph node and thymus. They account for 1
      1,7% of the whole volumen of the epidermis. 3. They do not represent effete
      melanocytes, but they originate from the mesenchym. Their migration from the
      dermis into the epidermis, their identity with histiocytosis X cells, their
      surface receptors as well as function underline the mesenchymal origin. 4.
      Probably the Langerhans cells regulate the mitosis and differentiation of the
      keratinocytes. 5. The antigen-presenting and lymphocyte stimulating functions of
      Langerhans cells as effector cells in allergic contact eczema are proved. They
      are able to phagocytize antigens (haptens), to apposite lymphozytes, to
      proliferate after the challenge by antigens as well as to migrate through the
      lymph vessels into the regional lymph nodes. 6. At their surface they bear
      receptors for Fc-IgG and C3 as well as Ia-antigens as immune response genes of
      the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). 7. With regard to point 5 and 6 they
      have the same properties as the macrophages. 8. Langerhans cells are damaged and
      destroyed, respectively, by immune complexes after activation of the complement
      pathway as well as by killer T-lymphocytes. Thus they are regulated as target
      cells by humoral and cellular mechanisms. 9. The allergic inflammatory reaction
      is triggered by mediator substances (of lysosomal origin?) which are liberated by
      the destruction of the Langerhans cells as well as by lymphokines. The
      preferently suprabasal occurrence of the Langerhans cells explains the early
      beginning of the edema and spongiosis as well as their localization in the lower
      layers of the epidermis. 10. The macrophages-analogous and antigen-presenting
      functions, which are genetically regulated are essential for the sensitization in
      allergic contact eczema. The ability to stimulate allogenic T-Lymphocytes in the
      mixed lymphocyte reaction might be of particular importance for the skin
      transplantation.

PMID- 159607
TI  - Antigammaglobulin antibodies in experimental adjuvant arthritis.
AB  - Several-fold administration of complete Freund's adjuvant in rat provoked acute
      arthritis accompanied by production of antigammaglobulin antibodies in a high
      percentage from the animals studied; their sera precipitate homologous and
      heterologous aggregated IgG and demonstrate hemagglutination titers up to 1 :
      1792. To confirm the Ig type of the studied antibodies, rat sera were
      fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G200 by pH = 4.0 and by preparative
      ultra-centrifugation by pH = 3.6. It was established that the antibodies are of
      IgM type. - The presence of autoantibodies in an autoimmune disease, such as
      experimental adjuvant arthritis similar to the rheumatoid factors in human
      rheumatoid arthritis gives support to the statement that autoimmune processes are
      involved in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis in men.

PMID- 159609
TI  - [The organization of the medical attendance of asthma patients (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 159608
TI  - [Experiences with the provocative inhalation test in occupationally induced
      allergic diseases of the respiratory tract (author's transl)].
AB  - Using simple technique we performed 1460 inhalation tests with occupational
      inhalation allergens. Before inhalation provocation testing all patients had been
      skin tested. In the case of organic allergens the inhalative test was positive in
      20%, in the case of anorganic in 10%. The parameters should be measured in those
      cases causing immediate reaction until 30 minutes after inhalation and in those
      cases causing delayed reaction until 8 hours after the provocation test. A
      control test with the solvent is not necessary. The results of the inhalation
      test depend on the quality of allergen extracts.

PMID- 159611
TI  - Multi-level captioning: a system for preparing reading materials for the hearing
      impaired.

PMID- 159610
TI  - Uses of CBE for the handicapped.

PMID- 159612
TI  - Prospects for automatic recognition of speech.

PMID- 159613
TI  - Future education for the multiply handicapped.

PMID- 159614
TI  - Broadcast captioning: 1979 update.

PMID- 159616
TI  - Real-time captioning--promise for the future.

PMID- 159615
TI  - The utilization of the computer with the hearing impaired and the handicapped.

PMID- 159617
TI  - Computer-supported braille applications.

PMID- 159618
TI  - Left ventricular function at rest and during exercise after aortic valve
      replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation.
AB  - To determine the effect of aortic valve replacement on reversing abnormalities of
      left ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation, radionuclide
      cineangiography was used to study 16 sympatomatic patients with aortic
      regurgitation before and 6 months after aortic valve replacement. Before
      operation, left ventricular ejection fraction was 46 +/- 3 percent at rest
      (normal mean +/- standard error of the mean 57 +/- 1 percent; P less than 0.001),
      and decreased to 37 +/- 4 percent during exercise (normal 71 +/- 2 percent; P
      less than 0.001). after operation, ejection fraction rose to 58 +/- 4 percent at
      rest, indistinguishable from the normal value, and during exercise was 53 +/- 4
      percent, increased (P less than 0.001) from before operation but significantly (P
      less than 0.001) subnormal. Thus, aortic valve replacement can improve but
      usually does not normalize left ventricular function during exercise in
      symptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 159620
TI  - Avicenna's view on cancer from his Canon.
AB  - Avicenna's views on cancer are presented from his Medical Canon. A literal
      translation from Arabic has been undertaken by the author. The clinical
      diagnosis, the prognosis as well as the therapeutic measures according to
      Avicenna are interesting to know and compare with our views one thousand years
      later.

PMID- 159619
TI  - Myocardial contractile function in aortic stenosis as determined from the rate of
      stress development during isovolumic systole.
AB  - To assess myocardial contractile function in the chronically hypertrophied human
      left ventricle, the rate of stress development (dsigma/dt) as a function of
      developed stress (sigmaD) during isovolumic systole was examined. Results for
      eight patients with aortic stenosis were compared with those for seven subjects
      with normal left ventricular function and with those for five patients with
      idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy. The rate of stress development (dsigma/dt)
      was nearly identical in patients with aortic stenosis and in normal subjects over
      a wide range of values of sigmaD but was significantly lower in patients with
      cardiomyopathy (P less than 0.01 versus control subjects and patients with aortic
      stenosis). Normal values for dsigma/dt held not only for patients with
      compensated pressure overload, but also for those patients with aortic stenosis
      with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction and overt congestive failure.
      Similar findings were obtained when the first derivative of left ventricular
      pressure (dP/dt) was examined as a function of developed left ventricular
      pressure in normal subjects and patients with aortic stenosis or cardiomyopathy.
      These results indicate that contractile function as characterized by the
      isovolumic rate of stress development is not necessarily impaired in chronic
      pressure overload hypertrophy.

PMID- 159622
TI  - Protecting the rights of the developmentally disabled: alternatives to the
      existing statutory and regulatory scheme.
AB  - The Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 1975 and
      related HEW regulations require each state to establish a system for the
      protection and advocacy of the rights of developmentally disabled persons as a
      condition to receiving specified federal funds. This Note contends that, under
      the present statutory and regulatory scheme, states and governors have broad
      powers to interfere with the proper functioning of protection and advocacy
      systems. The Note examines the principal legal remedies, contractual and
      constitutional, presently available to parties interested in reducing or
      eliminating such interference, and concludes that such remedies are ineffectual.
      Instead, the author proposes, the HEW regulations should be revised to strengthen
      the autonomy of protection and advocacy systems or, alternatively, Congress
      should amend the 1975 Act to provide for federal administration of such systems.

PMID- 159621
TI  - Zinc inhibition of calmodulin: a proposed molecular mechanism of zinc action on
      cellular functions.
AB  - Calcium stimulates, and zinc inhibits, a wide variety of cell types. In the
      erythrocyte, we have found calcium and zinc to have antagonist actions in a
      variety of systems. An important mechanism for calcium effects on cells is
      activation of calmodulin. Calmodulin is a small ubiquitous protein which, when
      activated by calcium, has a large array of cellular regulatory functions. We now
      report that calmodulin function is inhibited by low concentrations of zinc. Zinc
      inhibition of calmodulin provides a rational molecular mechanism for the diverse
      cellular inhibitory effects of zinc, as well as for zinc's antagonism of calcium
      effects.

PMID- 159623
TI  - Allopurinol sensitivity: report of two cases.

PMID- 159624
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma in recipients of renal transplants.

PMID- 159625
TI  - Differentiation and regulation of peripheral androgen metabolism in rats and
      rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The sex-unique metabolic network for steroids is induced neonatally in male rats.
      The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone
      are similar for both sexes of rats despite quantitatively significant sex
      differences in individual enzyme activities of adults; neonatally androgenized
      females had a 2-to 3-fold increase in MCR but cyproterone had no effect. The MCRT
      and MCRDHA of castrated adult male rhesus monkeys are the same as those of normal
      males; the MCRDHA is 4-fold greater. Testosterone treatment suppressed the MCRDHA
      of the castrated groups but estradiol treatment did not. The sex-steroid binding
      protein (SBP) levels were lower in males than females, and these values were
      reduced by testosterone. Estrogen suppressed the higher SBP values of females.
      The sex-steroid milieu of adult rhesus monkeys regulates SBP binding capacity and
      the enzyme activities of skin measured in vitro. Prenatal testosterone does not
      exert a crucial role in presetting the peripheral metabolic network in rhesus
      monkeys.

PMID- 159627
TI  - Low back pain in the adolescent: differential diagnosis.

PMID- 159626
TI  - Ischemic myocardial injury after exercise stress in the pressure-overloaded
      heart.
AB  - Systemic hemodynamics and regional myocardial blood flows were determined in 18
      miniswine during the development of pressure-overload hypertrophy induced by
      supravalvular aortic constriction. Nine miniswine served as control animals.
      Regional myocardial blood flows were measured at rest and during exercise stress
      with radioactive microspheres after 2 days and 1 month of aortic constriction.
      Exercise stress, causing the heart rate to increase to 85% of its maximum, was
      imposed twice weekly for 5 minutes on 13 pressure-overloaded animals to elicit
      differences between the control and experimental groups that might not occur at
      rest. At rest, regional myocardial blood flows of pressure-overloaded animals
      were similar to those of control animals. When exercise stress was imposed after
      2 days and 1 month of pressure overload, endocardial blood flows decreased 45%
      below control exercise levels, although epicardial blood flows were unchanged.
      During the first 2 weeks of pressure overload epicardial and endocardial
      electrocardiograms showed S-T segment elevation with exercise stress but not at
      rest. Postmortem examinations after 1 month of pressure overload showed
      significant histologic evidence of myocardial injury, namely, fibrosis, which was
      subendocardially located. These findings indicate that the pressure-overloaded
      heart is at risk for ischemic injury, particularly during the early,
      uncompensated stage.

PMID- 159628
TI  - Low back pain in young athletes: evaluation of stress reaction and discogenic
      problems.

PMID- 159629
TI  - Low back pain in middle-aged athletes.

PMID- 159630
TI  - Congenital duodenal obstruction. A review of 65 cases.
AB  - We report our experience with 65 patients with congenital duodenal obstruction,
      36 with intrinsic and 29 with extrinsic lesions. Seventeen patients had trisomy
      21 syndrome. Eight pregnancies were complicated by polyhydramnios. The diagnostic
      features encountered, the operative procedures used, and the postoperative
      management regimes used are presented. Thirty-two of the 36 patients with
      intrinsic lesions and 28 of the 29 patients with extrinsic lesions survived. The
      data on the five patients who died emphasize the effect of multiple congenital
      anomalies and prematurity on survival. This review suggests that the surgical
      procedures available for treating patients with congenital duodenal obstruction
      are well established and yield predictably good results.

PMID- 159631
TI  - Use of Doppler ultrasound in intestinal surgery.
AB  - Doppler ultrasonography was used intraoperatively in 117 patients undergoing
      intestinal anastomosis or enterostomy to determine the adequacy of blood supply
      at the margins of resection. Doppler findings were compared with clinical
      assessment of intestinal blood flow by the operating surgeon. In 92 per cent of
      cases, Doppler signals and clinical observation coincided. However, in five of
      six cases in which Doppler signals were absent at one margin, the surgeon
      resected additional intestine, selecting margins within 1 cm of the nearest
      arterial Doppler signal. All five patients had uneventful healing. In the one
      case in which the surgeon chose to rely onthe appearance of the bowel despite the
      absence of Doppler arterial signals, ischemic necrosis of the proximal segment
      and anastomotic disruption occurred. The technique of Doppler ultrasonography is
      readily learned, and the instrument is available in most hospitals.
      Intraoperative use of Doppler ultrasonography can help identify intestine lacking
      a blood supply adequate to assure viability before changes in the appearance of
      the bowel alert the surgeon to the problem.

PMID- 159632
TI  - Uninfected false aneurysms after arterial reconstruction with prosthetic grafts.

PMID- 159633
TI  - [Study on the effect of many kinds of fixatives for the polysaccharides in the
      salivary gland (author's transl)].

PMID- 159634
TI  - [The relations between the lacrimal gland, infraorbital gland and zygomatic gland
      of the rabbit (author's transl)].

PMID- 159635
TI  - [Effect of laser radiation on the morphology and function of the ovaries].

PMID- 159636
TI  - [Functional state of the thyroid gland in adolescent girls normally and in the
      hypomenstrual syndrome].

PMID- 159637
TI  - Brief report: anaesthesia and Huntington's chorea.

PMID- 159638
TI  - Renal impairment and prolonged curarization.

PMID- 159639
TI  - Angioarchitecture of the arteries of the testis of goat (Capra aegagrus).

PMID- 159640
TI  - "Nuage" in the primordial germ cells of the chick embryo.

PMID- 159642
TI  - Differential growth in the supracoracoideus muscles of male and female turkeys.

PMID- 159643
TI  - [Development of the placental stalk in the guinea pig].

PMID- 159641
TI  - [Anatomical and structural study of the eyeball of the common buzzard (Buteo
      buteo buteo)].

PMID- 159644
TI  - [The papillary body of the proventricular mucous membrane in sheep and goats].

PMID- 159646
TI  - Neuron number in the intestinal myenteric plexus of the domestic fowl (Gallus
      gallus).

PMID- 159645
TI  - [Involution in vitro, regeneration and functional activity of the apical
      ectodermal ridge of the chick limb bud].

PMID- 159647
TI  - [The Mm. suriculares of Tapirus terrestris L. 1766].

PMID- 159648
TI  - A study of the effect of pregnancy on muscle fibers of the rectus abdominis
      muscle of the rat.
AB  - Samples of the rectus abdominis muscle were taken from Sprague-Dawley rats at 0,
      3, 6, 6, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days of pregnancy, and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days
      of postpartum. Sections were incubated for actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase
      activity following preincubation at a basic pH. Muscle fibers within a unit area
      of each sample were identified as to fiber type according to their enzyme
      activity, and the population of each type counted. The proportion of each fiber
      type was calculated and the diameter of 24 fibers of each type measured. No
      changes were noted in the muscle fiber proportions through the course of the
      experiment. Differential changes in muscle fiber diameters were noted in each of
      the three muscle fiber types. Slow oxidative fibers underwent an increase in
      diameter through the last half of pregnancy. The diameter was further increased
      as stretch of the muscle was released after birth, and did not decrease in the
      postpartum period. Fast glycolytic fibers decreased in diameter during the last
      half of pregnancy, but returned to the prepregnancy diameter in the first
      postpartum day. The diameter of the fast oxidative glycolytic fibers remained
      unchanged through the course of pregnacy and in the postpartum period.

PMID- 159649
TI  - Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension.
AB  - We report 9 patients with pulmonary hypertension complicating portal
      hypertension. The cause of portal hypertension was cirrhosis in 7 patients,
      nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in 1, and portal vein obstruction
      in 1. Six patients had been treated by portal-systemic shunting before the
      clinical onset of pulmonary hypertension. The interval between the first
      manifestation of portal hypertension and the recognition of pulmonary
      hypertension ranged from 2 to 15 years. Histologic examination in 1 of these
      patients revealed medial hypertrophy, concentric intimal proliferation, and
      plexiform lesions affecting the small pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary hypertension
      might result from the effect of a vasoconstrictive agent on the small pulmonary
      arteries or of a substance toxic to the walls of these vessels that is produced
      in the splanchnic territory, destroyed by the liver in normal subjects, and
      reaches the pulmonary arteries through portal-systemic shunts in these patients.

PMID- 159650
TI  - Alterations in the ultrastructure of nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara)
      cells by streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.
AB  - Recent studies showed marked alterations in type II pneumocyte ultrastructure by
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes. To see whether other pulmonary epithelium is
      affected, we examined terminal bronchioles by transmission electron microscopy.
      Ten adult male rats received one intrajugular injection of streptozotocin (75
      mg/kg of body weight) and were killed 14 days later. As control subjects, 5
      additional rats received only saline, and 5 rats given streptozotocin injections
      received protamine zinc insulin (1 unit/rat/day). As compared to lungs of control
      animals, the bronchiolar epithelial cell type most altered in diabetic rat lungs
      was the Clara cell. The numbers of ovoid secretory granules decreased
      significantly (29 of 57 cells were without granules versus 0 of 78 in control
      animals), and the number of rod-shaped granules increased. Administration of
      exogenous insulin alleviated the changes. These findings show that the changes in
      pulmonary metabolic function associated with diabetes mellitus result from
      alterations not only in granular pneumocytes, but also in nonciliated,
      bronchiolar secretory epithelial (Clara) cells.

PMID- 159651
TI  - The anatomic rationale for abdominal lipectomy.
AB  - Changes occur in the vascular and lymphatic flow and in the sensory pattern of
      the superficial abdominal wall during abdominal lipectomy. The development of
      these systems, their anatomic descriptions in the abdominal wall, and the changes
      created by the surgery are documented to explain tissue survival following the
      procedure.

PMID- 159652
TI  - [Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (author's transl)].
AB  - Ten cases of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum are presented. The
      groups in which these patients are classified are described, thinking that the
      mentioned classification is a simplification of the problem. After discussion of
      the dates apported by clinic, thorax X-Rays and electrocardiogram, authors come
      to the conclusion that they are not specific of this cardiopathy. Contribution of
      hemodinamic and angiocardiographic characteristics, paying special attention to
      the blood flow to lung vascular tree and in existance of intramyocardium sinusoid
      are shown. Description of the general tendencies of the most accepted surgical
      techniques in bibliography for resolution of both groups of patients is made.

PMID- 159653
TI  - [Toxicity of wood dust in the occupational environment].

PMID- 159654
TI  - Susceptibility-resistance pattern of Neisseria meningitidis isolated in the
      province of Ontario, Canada.
AB  - A total of 522 N. meningitidis cultures isolated from different sources
      (cerebrospinal fluid, sputum, blood, naso-pharyngeal, uro-genital area, eye and
      rectal samples) between the years 1976-1977 in Ontario, were tested for their
      susceptibility pattern to 8 antibacterial drugs. Among the 522 cultures, 24.8%
      showed resistance to sulfadiazine (10-100 micrograns/ml) and all N. meningitidis
      cultures (100%) were resistant to spectinomycin (15 micrograms/ml); this feature
      could be used as one of the confirmation tests for N. meningitidis, especially
      with the strains which cause difficulty in identification and/or confirmation.
      Among the N. meningitidis cultures, 3.2% yielded maltose negative results in CTA
      sugars (cystine trypticase agar) and were also susceptible to sulfadiazine (10
      micrograms/ml).

PMID- 159655
TI  - [Norwegian scabies: etiological grounds (author's transl)].
AB  - Norwegian scabies is a rare clinical variant of human infestation with Sarcoptes
      scabiei var. hominis. It is characterized by hyperkeratotic lesions of the palmar
      and plantar surfaces, scalp and ears which contain myriad mites. The authors have
      observed three cases: the first occurred in a old delibited woman with a
      Recklinghausen's disease, the second in a boy with Down's syndrome, the last in a
      child treated with immunosuppressors. Review of the literature and study of
      etiological grounds. The pathogenesis is yet unclear but the altered host factors
      appear to be the principal determinant: primary or secondary specific immunologic
      deficit and inability to eliminate the mites because of the absence of
      scratching, hereditary predisposition to keratotic reaction of the skin.

PMID- 159656
TI  - Effects of free ATP, citrate, and bicarbonate on rat liver mitochondrial ATPase.

PMID- 159657
TI  - Trehalose 6-phosphate synthase from Dictyostelium discoideum: partial
      purification and characterization of the enzyme from young sorocarps.

PMID- 159658
TI  - Modulation of the substrate binding sites of platelet myosin by actin.

PMID- 159659
TI  - Inactivation of phosphofructokinase by dialdehyde-ATP.

PMID- 159660
TI  - Enzymatic properties of mitochondria isolated from normal and vitamin B12
      deficient rats.

PMID- 159661
TI  - Effects of calmodulin on the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)ATPase partially purified from
      erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 159662
TI  - Effect of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane on isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum
      vesicles.

PMID- 159663
TI  - Structure and energy-linked activities in reconstituted bacteriorhodopsin--yeast
      ATPase proteoliposomes.

PMID- 159664
TI  - Characterization of Mg2+-ATPase from sheep kidney medulla: purification.

PMID- 159665
TI  - An ATPase activity associated with brain microtubules.

PMID- 159666
TI  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative folliculitis.
AB  - Three patients with sudden, unmanageable exacerbation of acne vulgaris were shown
      to have Gram-negative folliculitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In each
      patient, the source of the Pseudomonas proved to be an otitis externa infection.
      In contrast to previous cases of Gram-negative folliculitis due to Proteus,
      Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella, the anterior nares were not colonized. Treatment
      of the otitis externa and the Gram-negative folliculitis with acetic acid
      compresses and topical antibiotics led to prompt resolution without recurrence.

PMID- 159667
TI  - Contact urticaria to parabens.
AB  - Contact urticaria developed in a patient after topical application of paraben
      containing compounds. Positive open patch test results and a positive passive
      transfer (Prausnitz-Kustner reaction) test demonstrated an immunologic mechanism
      for the patient's skin reaction. The importance of parabens to contact urticaria
      is described.

PMID- 159668
TI  - Treatment of alopecia areata by anthralin-induced dermatitis.

PMID- 159669
TI  - Renal adenocarcinoma and meningioma.

PMID- 159670
TI  - Persistent photosensitivity following occupational exposure to epoxy resin.
AB  - Persistent photosensitivity developed in eight men following occupational
      exposure to hot epoxy resin fumes. The condition was limited to sites the resin
      contacted. Small doses of ultraviolet-A light (2 to 5 joules/sq cm) evoked
      abnormal reactions consisting of erythema, edema, and papules in the clinically
      involved skin. Positive photopatch tests to epoxy resin were observed in four
      subjects, and to 4, 4'-isopropylidenediphenol (Bisphenol A) in all. The
      photosensitivity is most probably due to photocontact allergy to 4,4'
      isopropylidenediphenol or to a closely related chemical.

PMID- 159671
TI  - Idiopathic pigmentation of the hands. Professional exogenous ochronosis? A new
      entity?
AB  - A case of ochronosis-like pigmentation of the hands is described. The following
      criteria were fulfilled: (1) presence of blue to black spots confined to the
      hands: (2) pitch-black macroscopic appearance of the biopsy specimen; (3)
      abundance of granular material in the whole connective structures on microscopic
      examination of an unstained specimen just mounted on a slide; (4) numerous
      pigmented granules in the elastic and collagen fibers: (5) no family history,
      abnormal coloration of the urine, taking of drugs, or rheumatism; (6) onset in a
      manual worker exposed to benzenic substances. This seems to be a new entity,
      probably a variant of exogenous ochronosis produced by professional contacts with
      some agents and perhaps a professional benzenic ochronosis.

PMID- 159672
TI  - Acute hepatotoxicity of a tetrachlorobiphenyl--changes in the hepatocyte
      ultrastructure and plasma membrane-bound enzymes.

PMID- 159673
TI  - Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on muricide response induced by thiamine
      deficiency.
AB  - Male Wistar rats maintained on a thiamine deficient diet showed the mouse-killing
      response (muricide). On the 30th day of experimental feeding, the incidence of
      the muricide response was 78% in the thiamine deficient group. Intraperitoneal
      (i.p.) injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) suppressed the muricide response
      in a dose-dependent manner. The suppressive effect of 5-HTP on the muricide
      response was potentiated by pretreatment with Ro4-4602. On the 20th day of
      experimental feeding, the incidence of the muricide response was 42.9% in the
      thiamine deficient group, 14.3% in the pair-fed group and 0% in the control
      group, respectively. The incidence increased to 92.5% in the thiamine deficient
      rats 24 hr after the i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg parachlorophenylalanine. The
      results of the present sutdy indicate that the injection of 5-HTP was effective
      in suppressing the muricide response induced by thiamine deficiency.

PMID- 159674
TI  - Immune-complex deposition in the eye in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus retinopathy showed
      resolution of subretinal edema documented with fluorescein angiography.
      Subsequently at autopsy, immunofluorescence studies disclosed ocular deposition
      of immunoglobulins in the vascular layer of choroid capillaries and basement
      membranes of ciliary processes and bulbar conjunctivas. To our knowledge, these
      findings represent the first reported documentation of probable immune-complex
      ocular vasculitis in lupus retinopathy using immunofluorescent techniques, and
      they support the hypothesis that lupus retinopathy is caused by immune complex
      deposition as are other manifestations of SLE.

PMID- 159675
TI  - [How essential are essential fatty acids?].
AB  - The present article analyzes the symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency,
      both in human beings and in animals. The first part of the article describes the
      interrelationships between linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids, and how
      these acids affect the physiological response in experimental animals. Likewise,
      it discusses the effect of gradual levels of linoleic acid intake, and its use to
      establish quantitative requirements for essential fatty acids on the basis of
      biochemical parameters. It provides information also on the effect of dietary non
      essential fatty acids on essential fatty acid metabolism. The second part of the
      article deals with the significance of essential fatty acids in human nutrition.
      In spite of the available information in this regard, it is suggested that
      further and more thorough studies be conducted. Data on human blood serum fatty
      acid composition are presented, which could be used as a basis for comparison
      when essential fatty acid deficiency is suspected. The author further indicates
      that there are several dietary factors that could induce essential fatty acid
      deficiency, or that could result in marginal states of deficiency in these
      nutrients.

PMID- 159676
TI  - [Operated aortic stenosis. Evaluation of the long-term prognosis using clinical
      and hemodynamic parameters in a series of 249 cases].
AB  - The long-term results and the prognostic factors in aortic valve replacement for
      aortic stenosis were assessed from a series of 249 operated cases (comprising 199
      pure or dominant stenosis and 50 mixed aortic lesions) followed up for a maximal
      period of 9 years. The postoperative survival rate, 71% at 5 years, 62,6% at 8
      years, including the operative mortality, is better than in a comparable series
      of pure chronic aortic incompetence (58% at 5 years) despite a higher average
      age. In the same age group the difference is significant at the 6th year.
      However, no difference was observed between mixed aortic disease and aortic
      stenosis. Irreversible myocardial dysfunction is relatively rare (6,6% of
      survivors at 1 month, 24% of poor results or late deaths) and much less common
      than in aortic incompetence of which it represents the main cause of failure.
      Even in these cases, prolonged symptomatic improvement may be observed. 3
      prognostic factors affect the operative and late mortality. They act to variable
      degrees and independantly of each other. They are : age, cardiomegaly and heart
      failure. The actuarial 5 year survival is: 81,77% and 53% for under 50, 50 to 65
      and over 65 years age group respectively; 88%, 78% and 48% for cardiothoracic
      ratios of less than 0,50, between 0,50 and 0,58 and greater than 0,58
      respectively; 83%, 65% and 47% for patients without signs of heart failure, with
      a history of pulmonary oedema, and with a history of congestive cardiac failure
      respectively. These results encourage a liberal attitude towards surgery, even in
      old patients with severe valvular lesions.

PMID- 159677
TI  - Input modes: their importance in the clinical application of electronic aids for
      disabled persons.
AB  - In this study of techniques for the operation of environmental control aids for
      disabled persons, 12 programmed input modes were investigated in a uniform typing
      task. A microprocessor-based electronic aid (MECON) developed for this project
      was operated in 1 mode at a time by the disabled subject using a joystick and/or
      switch. Fourteen severely handicapped subjects with a wide variety of disabling
      conditions participated in the investigation. In the results, various input modes
      were ranked in order of speed. The fit and stability of the transducer were found
      to be important to the subjects' performance, and there were a number of
      indications that the availability of multiple input modes for an aid is highly
      desirable.

PMID- 159678
TI  - [Lymphatic bed of layers of the abdominal wall in the human inguinal area].
AB  - Lymphatic bed in the layers of the inguinal area was studied in connection with
      age in 70 human corpses. Polychromic injection of arteries, veins and lymphatic
      bed, staining of preparations after van Gieson, Weigert, with hematoxylin-eosin
      and morphometry were the methods applied. It was stated that lymphatic
      capillaries penetrate through all the layers forming the abdominal wall of the
      human inguinal area; they arrange interconnected networks in dermis, in external
      and internal oblique and transversal muscles and in their aponeuroses, as well as
      in fasciae and in the peritoneum. The lymphatic bed in question changes during
      ontogenesis. Age transformations of the lymphatic capillaries are in connection
      with functional loading on the anterior abdominal wall. Intraorganic connections
      existing between the lymphatic vessels of the anterior abdominal wall and the
      organs of the small pelvis (urinary bladder, uterus, rectum, etc.) are revealed,
      they are of a rather great interest for physicians.

PMID- 159679
TI  - [Heterogeneity of the mammalian thyroid gland and changes in the organ with age].

PMID- 159680
TI  - Common demyelinating and degenerative diseases and extrapyramidal disorders-
      panel 4.

PMID- 159681
TI  - Microvasculature of rabbit muscle spindles.
AB  - The microvasculature of the muscle spindle and its relationship to the
      microcirculation of teniussimus extrafusal muscle is described. Muscle spindles
      lie in close proximity and parallel to the central artery, vein, and nerve. The
      arterioles to spindle capillaries are third to fourth order branches of the
      central artery, whereas most arterioles to extrafusal capillaries are sixth to
      eighth order. Two or three capillaries enter each spindle. At least one entry
      consistently was encountered in the equatorial area near the sensory endings.
      Branches of intrafusal capillaries run longitudinally, anastomose with each
      other, and cradle the sensory zone in a longitudinal capillary loop. Capillaries
      in muscle spindles are larger than those in extrafusal muscle. These
      characteristic features are presumed to enhance the capability of these
      capillaries to provide sufficient circulation to the spindle, particularly to the
      region of the sensory endings.

PMID- 159682
TI  - Lack of relation of pulp Ca2+-, Mg2+-ATPase to mineralization rate in rat incisor
      dentine in response to vitamin D and calcium intake.

PMID- 159683
TI  - The use of thymoxamine in eyelid retraction.
AB  - We observed substantial narrowing in 75% of fissures in patients with various
      types of lid retraction after topical application of aqueous 0.5% thymoxamine
      (moxisylyte). Even contralateral normal-appearing fissures in thyroid patients
      responded in this manner. The nonresponders in the lid retraction group included
      a patient with an orbital pseudotumor and patients with long-standing and stable
      euthyroid eye disease. No normal subjects' fissures responded greatly to
      thymoxamine. A substantial reduction in palpebral fissures was seen in all
      patients with thick extraocular muscles and in 14 of 18 (78%) of all fissures of
      thyroid patients; the average response was 2.3 mm. This effect may last for five
      hours after thymoxamine administration. Thymoxamine may be of use as a diagnostic
      test for thyroid eye disease, and if it can be modified to cause less ocular
      irritation, it may be beneficial in the medical treatment of eyelid retraction.

PMID- 159684
TI  - Rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction.

PMID- 159685
TI  - GP reports good results from back injection research.

PMID- 159687
TI  - Reduction of stress in the chewing mechanism--part III.

PMID- 159686
TI  - Therapeutic evaluation of Elase as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of
      monilial vaginitis.
AB  - The effectiveness of a lytic enzyme preparation (Elase--Parke-Davis) plus
      natamycin (Pimafucin--Gist-Brocades) was compared to natamycin therapy alone in a
      controlled clinical trial involving 120 patients suffering from monilial vulvo
      vaginitis. The results indicate that addition of Elase to a natamycin treatment
      regimen increases the effectiveness of therapy both with respect to alleviation
      of symptoms and to eradication of the organism as determined by vaginal culture
      in patients with acute infection and in those in whom infection is complicated by
      pregnancy or diabetes.

PMID- 159689
TI  - Automatic change of patient chewing patterns after occlusal modification.

PMID- 159688
TI  - Implications for dental education.

PMID- 159690
TI  - Introduction to physiologic dentistry.

PMID- 159691
TI  - Tooth...teeth...total person.

PMID- 159693
TI  - Physiochemical stress: the subtle killer.

PMID- 159692
TI  - Cephalometry in physiologic dentistry.

PMID- 159694
TI  - Envelope of motion: vertical position analyzed.

PMID- 159695
TI  - Chronic illness profiles in temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients and case
      report on cardiac stress.

PMID- 159696
TI  - Alterations in rat myocardial mechanics under Goldblatt hypertension and
      experimental aortic stenosis.
AB  - Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced in young male Wistar rats by unilateral
      renal artery constriction, either with (Goldblatt I [ = G I]) or without
      (Goldblatt II [ = G II]) simultaneous contralateral nephrectomy. An average
      increase in left ventricular weight of 55% and 18% respectively was reached
      within 4 weeks as compared with controls of the same age. Further increase in
      ventricular mass up to the 6-month stage was considerably dependent on the degree
      of inhibition of body growth of the experimental animals. Other rats underwent a
      stenosis of the Aorta ascendens (AO) with a reduction in diameter to 50%--60% of
      the original value, whereby a left ventricular hypertrophy of 10%--30% ensued.
      Isolated trabecular muscle strips of the left ventricle were examined 4, 8 and 24
      weeks (G II), 4 and 8 weeks (G I), and 4 and 6 weeks (AO) after operation. Sham
      operations were performed for all models used.

PMID- 159697
TI  - Plasma renin activity and hypertrophy of the right ventricle in hypoxic rats.
AB  - A NaCl load in chronically hypoxic rats abolished the increase in plasma renin
      activity occurring in rats exposed to hypoxia of the same degree and duration but
      with normal NaCl intake. The parallel reduction in hypoxic hypertrophy of the
      right ventricle in NaCl-loaded rats could be considered as indirect evidence
      supporting the view that renin may be involved in the development of heart
      hypertrophy.

PMID- 159699
TI  - Binding of manganese to phosphofructokinase from yeast.

PMID- 159698
TI  - An active-site-directed adenosine triphosphate analogue binds to the beta
      subunits of factor F1 mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase with its
      triphosphate moiety.
AB  - The reaction of the mixed anhydride of [3H]ATP and mesitylenecarboxylic acid and
      soluble mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase is accompanied by the covalent
      binding of one molecule of the inhibitor to a molecule of the enzyme and results
      in the inhibition of adenosine triphosphatase activity by more than 90%. The
      electrophoresis of adenosine triphosphatase modified by reaction with the mixed
      anhydride of [3H]ATP and mesitylenecarboxylic acid in polyacrylamide gel in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate showed that the inhibitor is bound to the
      beta-subunit of the enzyme. The results suggest that ATP may also bind to the
      beta-subunit of the adenosine triphosphatase with its triphosphate moiety.

PMID- 159700
TI  - Identification of an Escherichia coli inner membrane polypeptide specified by a
      lambda-tonB transducing.

PMID- 159701
TI  - Reconstitution of cyanobacterial photophosphorylation by a latent Ca2+-ATPase.

PMID- 159702
TI  - Effect of novel specific myosin light chain kinase inhibitors on Ca2+-activated
      Mg2+-ATPase of chicken gizzard actomyosin.

PMID- 159703
TI  - Diamide inhibited (Ca++ + Mg++) and (Mg++) dependent ATPase in erythrocyte
      membranes: activity at different temperatures.
AB  - After inhibition of the monovalent cation dependent ATPase, a (Ca++ + Mg++) and a
      (Mg++) dependent ATPase activity can be detected. The inhibition due to diamide
      on the (Mg++) ATPase, assayed in the 12.5 degrees C - 30 degrees C temperature
      range, is almost complete. On the contrary the diamide induced inhibition of
      (Ca++ + Mg++) ATPase, in the same temperature range, is not complete and the
      residual activity increases with temperature. The reported data indicate that the
      ATPase activity induced by calcium is much less diamide-sensitive and -SH
      dependent than that elicited by Mg++ alone.

PMID- 159704
TI  - [Motor unit (author's transl)].

PMID- 159705
TI  - Extracardiac defects in children with congenital heart disease.

PMID- 159706
TI  - Effect of different flow patterns on the Wright respirometer.
AB  - The problems of using the Wright respirometer for measurements at small rates of
      flow associated with small volumes are discussed. Accuracy is very dependent on
      the wave form of the flow passing through it.

PMID- 159707
TI  - Accuracy of anaesthetic gas flowmeters.

PMID- 159708
TI  - Fire and explosion hazards in operating theatres: a reply and new evidence.

PMID- 159709
TI  - Local responses in primary and secondary human lung cancers. I. Patterns of
      cellular (eosinophils and macrophages) and extracellular (acid
      mucopolysaccharide) reactions.
AB  - Local free cell (eosinophils and macrophages) and extracellular (acid
      mucopolysaccharides) reactions were studied by histochemical techniques in 72
      primary lung cancers (Group A), 17 pulmonary metastases and 5 lung tumours of
      unknown origin (Group B). Strong cellular reactions were more frequent in Group A
      than in Group B, whereas extracellular reactions were more frequent in Group B
      than in Group A. In both groups the degrees of eosinophilic infiltration and
      accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides tended to be negatively correlated. In
      contrast, macrophages and eosinophils showed a positive correlation in the
      primary cancers, but none in the other tumours. The extracellular material had
      physical and chemical properties (solubility, affinity to stains and
      degradability by enzymes) of the sulphated acid mucopolysaccharides. From its
      distribution it appeared to be derived from fibroblasts and/or tumour cells.

PMID- 159710
TI  - Local responses in primary and secondary human lung cancers. II. Clinical
      correlations.
AB  - Local infiltrates of eosinophilic leucocytes and macrophages and the deposition
      of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) in 72 operable primary lung cancers and 17
      isolated pulmonary metastases of known origin were correlated to tumour stage
      (radically or non-radically operable) and clinical course, by following the
      patients for 2-3 1/2 years. Half of the primary lung cancers showed strong local
      eosinophilia which, in combination with either strong macrophage infiltration or
      absence of AMPS reaction, characterized a very good prognosis in radically
      operable patients. No eosinophils, together with a strong AMPS reaction,
      indicated a very poor prognosis, irrespective of tumour stage. 16/17 metastases
      (7 different histologies) had either no local eosinophilia (13), strong AMPS
      deposition (12) or both (9). This suggests that malignant clones with great
      metastatic potential in general are characterized by absence of local
      eosinophilia and/or a strong AMPS reaction. These observations taken together
      indicate that local eosinophilia expresses an immune reaction which is, houl
      metastatic clones. It if does, metastatic success may be due to an escape
      mechanism based on the elaboration of AMPS.

PMID- 159711
TI  - Perioral dermatitis: a 12-year review.
AB  - A continuing study of perioral dermatitis over a period of 12 years is presented.
      A distinction is made between various patterns of circumoral and paranasal
      dermatitis and the clinical picture that we describe as "perioral dermatitis". No
      cases were seen before 1966 but the number of patients presenting to hospital
      clinics or in private practice rose dramatically until 1970-1972, after which
      there has been a progressive fall in numbers. In this period, 259 patients were
      diagnosed as having the condition and of these 203, resident in an area of some
      275,000 population and seen by one or other of us on at least two occasions, form
      the basis of this study. There were 173 females, fifteen males and fifteen
      children under 12 years of age. In many cases it was possible to suggest the
      primary lesion for which patients sought treatment. In sixty-nine patients this
      consisted of a para-oral eruption on the side of the chin and, in forty-one a
      paranasal erythematous dermatitis. The characteristic appearance and spread of
      the eruption to the glabella and eyelids are described. A few patients, mostly
      male, showed lesions around the eyelids only, from treatment of seborrhoeic
      dermatitis. All but nine of the patients acknowledged the use of potent (not
      necessarily fluorinated) topical corticosteroids over long periods; in many cases
      these were self-administered. Some of the children had been treated with
      preparations intended for their mothers. The numerous aetiological agents that
      have been incriminated as causes of this eruption are examined. We believe that
      the prolonged use of topical potent corticosteroids is the only one tenable from
      our observations. The role of hormonal factors and of local irritant agetns is
      examined in this context. Tetracyclines are curative in the great majority of
      patients in 6 weeks if local corticosteroids are discarded. Relapses are rare.
      Perioral dermatitis is a most satisfying condition to treat but several questions
      remain unanswered. The current "revolt" against all forms of cortisone may enable
      us to answer some of these in the near future.

PMID- 159713
TI  - Activation of complement-a mechanism for the inflammation in acne.
AB  - An immunofluorescence investigation of thirty-six non-inflamed and thirty-four
      inflamed acne lesions has been carried out. Fluorescence for C3, unaccompanied by
      fluorescence for immunoglobulins, was found in the walls of dermal blood vessels
      or at the basement membrane zone of the comedo or at both these sites in fifty
      seven lesions. Fluorescence for C3 accompanied by fluorescence for
      immunoglobulins was found in nine lesions. In two papules and three nodules the
      comedo was surrounded or replaced by a mononuclear cell infiltrate. These
      findings have been taken to indicate that cellular immune mechanisms are a late
      event and activation of complement is an early event in the pathogenesis of
      inflammation in acne. The mechanism of complement activation remains uncertain.

PMID- 159712
TI  - Perioral dermatitis.
AB  - Forty-three patients with perioral dermatitis are described. In seven patients,
      this eruption was associated with the use of hydrocortisone butyrate (Locoid)
      alone, and this topical steroid can no longer be recommended unreservedly for use
      on the face. In fifteen other patients, medication was undertaken without medical
      advice. The time may have come to print on tubes of potent local steroids
      warnings about the hazards of long-term use on the face without medical advice.
      Drug companies and pharmacists could also help by asking patients to discard any
      partially-used tubes of ointment and an expiry date stamped prominently on the
      tubes rather than on the cardboard container may help. Continuing medical
      education is obviously still required to prevent a minority of family doctors
      prescribing wrongly for their patients.

PMID- 159714
TI  - A double-blind trial of a zinc sulphate/citrate complex and tetracycline in the
      treatment of acne vulgaris.
AB  - Forty-eight patients participated in a 3-month double-blind study to compare the
      effect of orally administered zinc sulphate/citrate complex and tetracycline
      hydrochloride in acne vulgaris. Tetracycline significantly reduced the overall
      grade, and the number of non-inflamed lesions, papules and pustules by the third
      month. It also reduced significantly the non-inflamed lesions and papules at the
      end of the second month. In contrast, zinc therapy only had a significant effect
      on the pustules at the third month. The results indicate that tetracycline is far
      superior to the zinc complex in patients with moderately severe acne.

PMID- 159715
TI  - Independent lesions of fixed eruption due to two unrelated drugs in the same
      patient.

PMID- 159716
TI  - Unacceptable side-effects of oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of acne
      vulgaris.

PMID- 159717
TI  - Bowenoid transformation of seborrhoeic verrucae (keratoses).
AB  - Seborrhoeic verrucae (keratoses) are considered to be benign lesions. Occasional
      bowenoid transformation of these benign growths has not been widely recognized.
      Seven cases of seborrhoeic verrucae with bowenoid transformations are presented
      to alert the clinician and the pathologist to this occurrence.

PMID- 159718
TI  - The Pearson Report--compromise or step towards effective and just compensation
      for disability?
AB  - The setting up of the Royal Commission on Civil Liability and Compensation for
      Personal Injury, its terms of reference and report are discussed. The main
      recommendations are detailed with brief consideration of their possible impact.
      The proposals are assessed and the philosophy and principles behind the reform,
      explicit or implicit in the Report, are considered. Finally, the extent to which
      the proposals can be a blueprint for later reforms dealing with compensation for
      disability in general is discussed.

PMID- 159719
TI  - Inactivation of myosin subfragment one by cobalt(II)/cobalt(III) phenanthroline
      complexes. 2. Cobalt chelation of two critical SH groups.

PMID- 159720
TI  - Conformation and activity of chloroplast coupling factor exposed to low chemical
      potential of water in cells.
AB  - (1) Photophosphorylation, Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities of isolated
      chloroplasts were inhibited 55--65% when the chemical potential of water was
      decreased by dehydrating leaves to water potentials (psi w) of --25 bars before
      isolation of the plastids. The inhibition could be reversed in vivo by
      rehydrating the leaves. (2) These losses in activity were reflected in coupling
      factor (CF1) isolated from the leaves, since CF1 from leaves with low psi w had
      less Ca2+-ATPase activity than control CF1 and did not recouple phosphorylation
      in CF1-deficient chloroplasts. In contrast, CF1 from leaves having high psi w
      only partially recoupled phosphorylation by CF1-deficient chloroplasts from
      leaves havig low psi w. This indicated that low psi w affected chloroplast
      membranes as well as CF1 itself. (3) Coupling factor from leaves having low psi w
      had the same number of subunits, and the same electrophoretic mobility, and could
      be obtained with the same yields as CF1 from control leaves. However, direct
      measurements of fluorescence polarization, ultraviolet absorption, and circular
      dichroism showed that CF1 from leaves having low psi w differed from control CF1.
      The CF1 from leaves having low psi w also had decreased ability to bind
      fluorescent nucleotides (epsilon-ATP and epsilon-ADP). (4) Exposure of isolated
      CF1 to low psi w in vitro by preincubation in sucrose-containing media inhibited
      the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the protein in subsequent assays without sucrose.
      Inclusion of 5 or 10 mM Mg2+ in the preincubation medium markedly inhibited Ca2+
      ATPase activity. (5) These results show that CF1 undergoes changes in cells which
      alter its phosphorylating ability. Since low cell psi w changed the spectroscopic
      properties but not other protein properties of CF1, the changes were most likely
      caused by altered confurn, photophosphorylation. The inhibition of ATPase
      activity in CF1 in vitro at low psi w and high ion concentration mimicked the
      change in activity seen in vivo.

PMID- 159721
TI  - Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of dimethylsulfoxide, propranolol and
      chlorpromazine on the partial reactions of ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The effects of dimethylsulfoxide, propranolol and chlorpromazine on the partial
      reactions of the ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum were investigated. When
      analyzed according to a reaction scheme in which the ADP-sensitive (E1P) and ADP
      insensitive (E2P) phosphoenzymes occur sequentially and P1 is derived from the
      latter, dimethylsulfoxide decreased the rate of E2P hydrolysis whereas it
      stimulated the rate of the E1P to E2P conversion. Propranolol increased the rate
      of E2P hydrolysis while it decreased the rate of the E1P to E2P conversion.
      Propranolol exerted an additional effect, presumably inhibition of the
      phosphoenzyme formation. These effects of dimethylsulfoxide and propranolol can
      account for both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of these drugs on the
      overall rate of ATP hydrolysis observed in the presence and absence of added
      alkali metal salts. Chlorpromazine accelerated E2P hydrolysis whereas it appeared
      to inhibit the E1P to E2P conversion. These effects of chlorpromazine appear able
      to account for its stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the overall rate of ATP
      hydrolysis in the presence and absence of alkali metal salts. In the presence of
      chlorpromazine, however, the rate of Pi liberation during the steady state ATP
      hydrolysis was found to be greater than the hydrolysis rate of E2P. This finding
      suggests that under these conditions Pi is derived not only from E2P but also
      from source(s) other than E2P.

PMID- 159722
TI  - A Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity in rabbit neutrophil membranes.
AB  - An ATPase activity specifically stimulated by micromolar Ca2+ concentrations has
      been identified in association with rabbit neurophil membranes. These studies
      provide the basis of further characterization of the Ca2+-ATPase activity with
      regard to neutrophil function.

PMID- 159723
TI  - Chitin synthase activity from the slime variant of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Chitin synthase (UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose:chitin 4-beta-acetamidodeoxy-D
      glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.16) activity from the wall-less variant of
      Neurospora crassa (slime) was partially characterized. The slime enzyme activity
      was found to be similar to that reported for slime-like and wild-type chitin
      synthase activities with respect to the following: specific activity, particulate
      cell-fraction localization, activation by N-acetylglucosamine, apparent Km with
      respect to substrate, pH optimum and ion requirement. It appears that the
      phenotype of slime cannot be solely accounted for by the absence of chitin
      synthase enzyme activity.

PMID- 159724
TI  - Metabolism of [17-2H]pregnenolone into 5-[17 beta-2H, 17 alpha-18O]androstene-3
      beta, 17 alpha-diol and other products by incubation with the microsomal fraction
      of boar testis under 18O2 atmosphere.
AB  - [17-2H]Pregnenolone was incubated with the microsomal fraction of boar testis
      under an 18O2 atmosphere. The metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry, and the following six metabolites labeled with 2H or 18O (or
      both) were identified: 17 alpha-[17-18O]hydroxypregnenolone, [17
      18O]dehydroepiandrosterone, 5-[17-18O]androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, 16 alpha
      [16-18O]hydroxy[17-2H]pregnenolone, 5-[17 beta-2H, 17-18O]androstene-3 beta,17
      alpha-diol, and 5,16-[17-2H]androstadien-3 beta-ol. The time course of the
      formation of these metabolites from pregnenolone was also studied using 14C
      labeled substrate. The results obtained from these experiments suggest that the
      first three metabolites were synthesized by a well-documented pathway-
      pregnenolone yields 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone yields dehydroepiandrosterone
      yields 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol--, and that 16 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone,
      5-androstene-3 beta,17 alpha-diol and 5,16-androstadien-3 beta-ol were
      synthesized from [17-2H]pregnenolone with retention of 17-2H.

PMID- 159725
TI  - [Quantitative model of human erythrocyte glycolysis. Region of cell viability
      determined by ATP concentration].
AB  - The boundaries of the cell vitality domain in the enzyme activity space are
      calculated on the basis of a mathematical model of erythrocyte glycolysis. The
      boundaries are determined by key metabolite concentrations. The results obtained
      are compared with experimental data related to erythrocytic enzymopathies. It is
      shown that theoretical boundary enzyme activities coincide with the activities of
      hexokinase and in some cases phosphofruktokinase in enzyme deficient
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 159726
TI  - [Change in the amount of ouabain binding to nerve during rhythmic excitation at
      different frequencies].

PMID- 159727
TI  - A possible partitioning of segmental muscle stretch reflex into incompletely de
      coupled parallel loops.
AB  - Based on previous investigations on focused signal transmission through the
      muscle stretch reflex system, a model is presented suggesting that different
      muscle areas (especially in large complex muscles such as the triceps surae
      muscle) may be regulated rather independently with respect to certain internal
      state variables, particularly internal length. Since the parallel localized
      reflex loops necessary for such local control tasks are inevitably coupled
      peripherally through the muscle and connective tissues, compensatory de-coupling
      elements would be required to reestablish at least partial independence. Whether
      and how this can be achieved at the level of spinal neuronal circuitry is
      investigated in connection with a discussion of the advantages of partially de
      coupled reflex loops.

PMID- 159728
TI  - [Uptake of (14C) leucine and protein synthesis in potato tuber buds and effect of
      abscisic acid on these processes].
AB  - The uptake of [14C] leucine and its incorporation into proteins of dormant and
      growing potato tuber buds were studied. It was found that the label uptake was
      increased at the beginning of the growth period, whereas the dynamics of this
      process were not changed in comparison with the dormant buds samples. The rate of
      [14C] leucine incorporation into proteins was increased in the growing buds; this
      increase was not, however, due to the increase in the uptake of the labelled
      precursor and was probably caused by activation of the protein synthesis. In
      contrast, the activation of protein synthesis was accompanied by changses is the
      dynamic incorporation of [14C] leucine into the protein at the end of dormancy.
      The effect of abscisic acid (10(-7) M) on the protein synthesis was not connected
      with its action of the uptake of labelled precursor and depended on the
      physiological state of buds and incubation time. A possible mechanism of
      regulatory effect of abscisic acid on protein synthesis in potato tuber buds is
      discussed.

PMID- 159729
TI  - [Effect of thermostable protein kinase modulator on Mg, Ca-ATPase from nervous
      tissue].
AB  - Isoelectric focusing of a purified fraction of thermostable modulator of 3',5'
      AMP-dependent protein kinase revealed five individual proteins, the main protein
      having an isoelectric point of 4,05. The molecular weight of this protein as
      determined by gel filtration is 8000--9000. The protein with a pI of 4,05 binds
      Ca2+ and in contrast to the original modulator inhibits the endogenous 3',5'-AMP
      dependent phosphorylation of synaptic membranes. An addition of the original
      modulator fraction to the microsomes isolated from nervous tissue increases the
      Mg, Ca-ATPase activity and absorption of 45Ca. Neither the protein with a pI of
      4,05 nor other individual proteins affect the activity of transport ATPase. The
      activating effect is partly restored after mixing of all the five subfractions.
      It is assumed that these proteins are aggregated by Ca2+ and change the activity
      of ATPase or membrane 3',5'-AMP-dependent protein kinase depending on the
      concentration of calcium ions.

PMID- 159730
TI  - [Two forms of Ca2+-dependent ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum].
AB  - Two highly purified sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane fractiones differing in their
      sensitivities to the uncoupling action of caffeine were isolated from white
      skeletal muscles of the rabbit. The main protein component of both fractions is a
      catalytical polypeptide of Ca2+-dependent ATPase. Treatment of the caffeine
      sensitive reticular fraction by trypsin or DTNB completely removes the effect of
      caffeine. It was found that similar effects on the caffeine-sensitive reticular
      fraction are exerted by bemegride, camphor, ethymizole and cordiamine. Isolation
      of Ca2+-dependent ATPase from both reticular fractions and reconstruction of Ca2+
      transporting vesicles were carried out. Ca2+ transport by the vesicles enriched
      by ATPase from the caffeine-sensitive reticular fraction is uncoupled under the
      effect of caffeine; however, caffeine has no effect on the vesicles enriched by
      caffeine-insensitive reticular ATPase. The molecular weight of caffeine-sensitive
      and caffeine-insensitive ATPases determined in the presence of sedium dodecyl
      sulfate are found to be identical. Electrophoresis in the presence of digitonin
      revealed different electrophoretic behaviour of the two forms of ATPase.

PMID- 159731
TI  - [Interaction of platinum and palladium 5-sulfo-8-mercaptoquinoline complexes with
      sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-dependent ATPase].
AB  - 5-Sulfo-8-mercaptoquinoline complexes of platinum and palladium (complexes I and
      II) effectively inhibit Ca2+-dependent ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum.
      However, in contrast to K2PtCl4, K2PdCl4 and other previously investigated
      platinum and palladium complexes, they do not interact with the thiol groups of
      the enzyme. The inhibiting effects of complexes I and II are reversible and
      competitive with respect to ATP. In aqueous solutions complexes I and II decrease
      the fluorescence of tryptophane with a simultaneous shift in fluorescence towards
      the long-wave region. The same effect is exerted by the complexes on the
      fluorescence of tryptophane residues in Ca2+-dependent ATPase preparations. An
      addition of tryptophane to the enzyme preparations preincubated with complexes I
      and II partly restores the enzyme activity. It is assumed that the inhibiting
      effect of complexes I and II is due to their non-covalent interactions with the
      trytophane residues vicinal to the ATPase center.

PMID- 159732
TI  - [Finding of Contracaecum osculatum (Nematoda, Ascaridata) larvae in fishes of the
      White Sea].

PMID- 159733
TI  - Effects of rate of repetitive stimulus presentation on the visual evoked brain
      potentials of young adults with Down's syndrome.
AB  - Visual evoked brain potentials (VEP) to repeated stimuli of several interstimulus
      intervals (ISI) were recorded from young adults with Down's syndrome (DS). The
      following results were obtained: (i) An ISI effect previously observed in
      normals: VEP amplitudes increased with increase in ISI; some ISI effect on
      latency was also observed; (ii) VEP amplitudes of DS subjects were larger than
      VEP amplitudes of normals; (iii) VEP peak latencies of DS subjects were longer
      than VEP peak latencies obtained from normals; (iv) ISI had a more pronounced
      effect on VEP amplitudes of DS than normal subjects. These results are discussed
      with respect to CNS differences and issues of attention and information
      processing.

PMID- 159734
TI  - 14C-choline transport into red blood cells in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 159736
TI  - Motion of myosin fragments during actin-activated ATPase: fluorescence
      correlation spectroscopy study.

PMID- 159735
TI  - Statistical-mechanical treatment of violations of the double helix in supercoiled
      DNA.

PMID- 159737
TI  - Totally implantable directional Doppler flowmeters.
AB  - Two totally implantable Doppler blood flowmeters have been developed for the
      chronic measurement of deep-body flows; made possibly by two custom-integrated
      circuits. The CW and pulsed Doppler instruments are small (less than 2.5 cm3),
      use little power (less than 30 mW), and have excellent baseline stability. The
      pulsed Doppler flowmeter is applied principally when velocity-profile information
      or a nonencircling transducer assembly is required but where minimal restraint of
      the animal for inductive telemetry is permissible. Using a circumferential cuff,
      the CW Doppler flowmeter monitors Doppler data over a at least a 3-meter range by
      means of RF telemetry and produces a single velocity estimate. These instruments
      compliment each other and other telemetry systems by proving the researcher with
      alternatives for the long-term measurement of deep-body flow without percutaneous
      leads.

PMID- 159738
TI  - Totally implantable dimension telemetry.
AB  - A totally implantable dimension telemetry system has been developed to instrument
      animals for chronic physiological research. Implantable signal processing
      electronics allow free-roaming animals with no percutaneous leads while retaining
      the long-term redproducibility of fixed implanted transducers. Two low-powered,
      custom-integrated circuits have been developed and assembled into an implantable
      package capable of measuring one dimension channel. The system has been operated
      in the amplitude modes of through-transmission and reflection as well as in a new
      Doppler-power configuration and aimed at determining interfaces between blood and
      surrounding structures. In a addition to single channel systems, these ICs are
      key elements in multimode, multidimensional implants capable of more accurate
      characterization of deep body structures.

PMID- 159739
TI  - An integrated circuit approach to totally implantable telemetry systems.
AB  - A series of totally implantable telemetry systems has been developed to determine
      such key physiological parameters as blood flow, pressure, dimensions,
      temperature, and bioelectrical activity in chronic research animals. Custom
      integrated circuits provide the signal-processing complexity and performance
      required to sufficiently instrument the animals for an accurate prediction of
      human responses. Additional implant and transducer technologies are necessary to
      complete the instrument package. Although the costs of these technologies are
      high, they are more than offset by the unique information obtained and overall
      reduction in the expenses of medical research because fewer animals can be
      studied over longer periods. A number of the IC-based implants are in use in
      several physiology and experimental drug studies where adequate reliability and
      performance could not be achieved by alternate approaches.

PMID- 159740
TI  - Body wall defects with reduction limb anomalies: a report of fifteen cases.

PMID- 159741
TI  - Relationship between hydrodynamic forces and vascular wall phenomena - I.
      measurement of parietal friction by pulse type Doppler velocimeter.

PMID- 159742
TI  - The exceptional responsiveness of certain human myeloid leukemia cells to colony
      stimulating activity.
AB  - We have studied the marrow cells from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
      for their responsiveness to colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in vitro. The AML
      cells were stimulated by CSA to rapid and extended growth in liquid culture. In
      the absence of CSA, the majority of cells died. CSA also stimulated the clonal
      growth of AML cells, and the minimum requirement for CSA was one-tenth to one
      fiftieth that required to stimulate the growth of normal marrow CFU-C. CSA for
      AML cells was eluted from Sephacryl S-200 columns in fractions that represented
      an apparent molecular weight of 45,000 daltons. This fraction also produced
      optimal stimulation of normal human marrow. During remission, the patient's
      marrow cells did not grow in liquid culture and produced normal numbers of
      granulocytic and erythroid colonies in response to CSA and erythropoietin.
      Extended culture of the AML cells resulted in cell differentiation evidenced by
      decreasing proliferative capacity and by morphological and histochemical changes.
      These studies indicate that certain AML cells are extraordinarily responsive to
      CSA, an in vitro mediator of normal granulopoiesis.

PMID- 159743
TI  - [Left ventricular function in chronic obstructive lung disease (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Left ventricular function was studied at rest and during post-extrasystolic
      potentiation in 18 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The
      contractility indices used were obtained from pressures recorded in the
      isovolumetric period (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, Vmax., VECmax.,
      dP/dtmax.) and from volume variations during ejection (end-diastolic volume,
      ejection fraction, VCF). Left ventricular diastolic compliance was also
      evaluated. All patients were hypoxic (PaO2 = 58 +/- 7 torr); six of them had cor
      pulmonale (group B); the remaining 12 patients constituted group A. Left
      ventricular function of groups A and B was similar; we conclude that right
      cardiac failure, in cor pulmonale, is not secondary to left ventricular failure.
      However, left ventricular dysfunction exists; the left ventricle is hypertrophied
      (probably resulting from chronic hypoxia). Pump function is altered (abnormal
      ventricular function points are found), but left ventricular kinetics is normal
      or exaggerated (ejection fraction and VCF are increased). Isovolumetric phase
      contractility indices are diminished; however, they may increase normally during
      post-extrasystolic potentiation. Left ventricular compliance is abnormal due to
      left and right ventricular hypertrophy and to paradoxical movement of the
      interventricular septum which impedes diastolic expansion of the left ventricle.
      These changes are responsible for decreased left ventricular output. There seems
      to exist an impairment of left ventricular function related to both intrinsic
      (secondary to hypoxia, hypercapnia, left ventricular hypertrophy) and extrinsic
      factors (right ventricula hypertrophy deviating interventricular septum, lowering
      of left ventricular preload).

PMID- 159744
TI  - [Heart and hypoxia (author's transl)].

PMID- 159745
TI  - Painful disorders of muscle.

PMID- 159746
TI  - Sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics in London (1976-78).
AB  - Three surveys of the sensitivity of pretreatment isolates of gonococci to
      penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and co
      trimoxazole were carried out during the period 1976-78. Compared with the results
      of previous surveys in the London area the decline in the proportion of strains
      of gonococci which are insensitive to penicillin appears to have halted. No
      changes were found in the levels of resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, or
      spectinomycin during the period surveyed, although there was a slight increase in
      the proportion of strains requiring concentrations of 20 microgram spectinomycin
      per ml for inhibition. Streptomycin resistance has decreased considerably and 91%
      of strains are now sensitive to 10 microgram streptomycin per ml.

PMID- 159747
TI  - [Planimetric measurement method for improvement of the diagnosis of heart
      hypertrophy (author's transl)].

PMID- 159748
TI  - [Concerning the use of laparoscopy in differential diagnosis of adnexitis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 159749
TI  - [Increase of non-specific resistance to infection by synthetic adjuvants].
AB  - MDP and some other synthetic glycopeptides which are endowed with adjuvant
      properties are also able to increase non-specific resistance of mice to bacterial
      infections. They are effective by various routes including the oral route, and
      this protective activity can be demonstrated in animals having a poor immune
      status.

PMID- 159750
TI  - [Mechanism of action of T cell factors regulating antibody formation].
AB  - While the induction of antibody synthesis depends on antigen specific T cell
      factors, its magnitude is under control of non antigen specific T cell factors.
      In this respect, TRF ("T cell Replacing Factor") amplifies antibody responses
      while IBF ("Immunoglobulin Binding Factor") acts as a suppressor factor. Using
      cultures of spleen cells from nude mice, we show that both factors act
      sequentially, influencing the final differenciation of B cells to antibody
      producing cells. We have no evidence of direct interaction between TRF and IBF.

PMID- 159751
TI  - [Macrophage receptors].
AB  - Macrophages are involved in many immunological functions such as phagocytosis,
      cytotoxicity, antigen binding and cooperation with lymphocytes. The triggering of
      those functions involves membrane receptors. Several receptors species are well
      characterized, but some phenomena can be accounted for only if macrophages are
      endowed with nonspecific adhesive structures. A study of the effect of various
      physical or chemical factors on the binding of several particle species by rat
      peritoneal macrophages allowed us to classify nonspecific receptors and discuss
      the mechanisms involved in some types of cellular interaction.

PMID- 159752
TI  - [Pharmacologic study of inflammatory processes. Modification of polynuclear
      neutrophil chemotaxis].
AB  - A study of rat polymorphonuclear chemotaxis has been made by a direct microscopic
      method and the effect of inflammatory reactions induced by carrageenan, calcium
      pyrophosphate and complete Freund's adjuvant has been studied. In addition the
      action of various drugs such as cholera toxin, colchicine, prostaglandins and
      certain immunomodulators, was investigated. The results have been analysed with
      special regard to the role of chemotaxis in inflammatory responses.

PMID- 159753
TI  - [Cell mediated cytolysis: identification, enumeration and characterization of
      killer cells].
AB  - Killer cells responsible of the cell mediated cytolysis are identified by a
      microtechnique: effector cells are individually associated to target cells and
      incubated at 37 degrees C; killers are identified by their associated target
      lysis. Thus killer cells are enumerated in the effector cell suspensions.
      Furthermore, isolated killer can be characterized and their lethal action
      studied.

PMID- 159754
TI  - [Contribution of two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis technics to the study of
      the structure and the morphogenesis of human adenovirus].
AB  - The two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis has been applied to human adenovirus
      type-2 structural analysis. This method is both qualitative and quantitative and
      was used in the following studies. 1) Detection of major and minor capsid
      antigens. 2) Identification of viral antigenic components in the infected cell
      material. 3) Quantification of antigens and serological characterization of ts
      mutants. 4) Identification of polymeric forms of structural proteins. 5) Assembly
      analysis of capsid subunits. 6) Stoichiometric analysis of proteins within the
      virion. 7) Obtaining of monospecific sera.

PMID- 159755
TI  - [Sickle cell anemia and the affinity of the blood for oxygen].
AB  - Blood affinity for oxygen is reduced in patients with homozygous HbS disease. The
      mechanisms were related to polymerisation and sickling process. In the HbS blood,
      P50 values were related to the percentage of sickling, the effect of prior
      deoxygenation on P50 measurement was established. This work underlines the
      influences of experimental conditions on the determination of sickle cell blood
      affinity and the difficulties inherent in the evaluation of in vivo oxygen
      transport in sickle cell disease.

PMID- 159756
TI  - [Localization of binding sites in the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex].
AB  - The binding and specific elution of Hb peptides from Hp was studied. Our results
      were confirmed by the study of inhibition of binding of alpha chains to Hp. In
      conclusion, a model of contact areas of Hp-Hb complex is proposed.

PMID- 159757
TI  - [Non-enzymatic hemoglobin glycosylation in the normal and diabetic patient].
AB  - The criteria to be satisfied for a valid quantitation and the physiopathological
      significance of results: nature, site-specificity and kinetics of glycosylation,
      finally theoretical consideration of glycosylation of other proteins are the
      problems discussed.

PMID- 159758
TI  - [Methods of tissue characterization with ultrasonic spectroscopy, analysis of the
      results obtained, prospects for clinical application in a short time].
AB  - So far, to account for ultrasonic attenuation in soft tissues molecular scale
      relaxation theory is retained. In addition to these mechanisms, the authors have
      obtained experimental evidence proving the role also plaid by cellular scale
      resonance mechanisms. Moreover, in addition to incoherent diffusion, it has been
      found that some tissues exhibit some coherent diffusion. All these experimental
      findings allows us to establish the feasability of non invasive ultrasonic
      biopsies.

PMID- 159759
TI  - [Induced error-prone repair].

PMID- 159760
TI  - [Clinical and biological forms of cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency].
AB  - Twenty-four personal cases of recessive congenital methemoglobinemia (RCM) due to
      cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency are analysed. They can be divided into two
      categories: 1) RCM type I, in which cyanosis is the single clinical symptom; 2)
      RCM type II in which cyanosis is associated with severe mental retardation and
      bilateral athetosis. The enzyme deficiency is restricted to the red cell soluble
      cytochrome b5 reductase in RCM type I, whereas in the type II form the enzyme
      defect is generalized to all tissues, involving both the soluble and the
      microsomal forms of cytochrome b5 reductase. Different mutations occurring at the
      same locus might account for this heterogeneity. However the mechanism of brain
      damage in case of generalized deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase is still
      unknown.

PMID- 159761
TI  - [Medical aspects of superoxide dismutases].
AB  - The role of superoxide radicals and of superoxide dismutases in inflammation is
      described. Encapsulation of the enzyme in liposomes leads to an increased organ
      specificity on injection into animals. Preliminary results of medical application
      are presented.

PMID- 159762
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of cardiotoxicity and skin alterations in the golden
      hamster after treatment with 8 different anthracyclines].
AB  - Golden hamsters were submitted to i.p. administration during 4 weeks of 8
      anthracyclines, adriamycin (ADM), detorubicin (DTR), daunorubicin (DNR), 4'-epi
      adriamycin (eADM), adriamycin hydrochloride (ADMh), rubidazon (RBZ),
      aclacinomycin (ACM) and AD32, at doses equivalent to 3/4 of those which are
      optimally oncostatic on murine L1210 leukemia. The comparative study of the
      mortality, the electron microscopic (EM) alterations of the myocardium, and the
      light microscopic (EM) alterations of the myocardium, and the light microscopic
      (LM) lesions of the skin, show that ACM and AD32 are the least toxic drugs. EM
      detected almost no early lesions of myocardium in ACM treated animals, but, after
      4 week's treatment, severe cardiac alterations appeared which, like those after
      AD32 treatment, are non lethal and reversible. Similarly. LM revealed no
      histologic changes in the skin following ACM and AD32 administrations, but
      pathologic alterations, atrophy and alopecia, were observed in animals receiving
      all other drugs.

PMID- 159763
TI  - [Recent results in the field of vinblastine group antitumour alkaloids.
      Biochemical studies].
AB  - Studies on the interaction between vinblastine-like alkaloids and their receptor,
      i.e. tubulin, are reported. They shed some light on the structure-activity
      relationships in this medicinally important series: the configuration at C14' and
      C16', as well as the presence of the methoxycarbonyl group on C16' seem to play
      an essential role in the determination of biological activity. A new analogue,
      detected by its specific behaviour with tubulin, was found, in vivo, to be as
      active and less toxic than vinblastine.

PMID- 159764
TI  - [Recent data on the kidney tubule behavior of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium
      ions].
AB  - Information recently obtained about tubular renal handling of phosphorus calcium
      and magnesium ions deals with: 1. Localization of transport processes along the
      nephron; 2. Effects of several hormones on those transports, particularly
      parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, and localization of their receptor sites
      along the nephron; 3. Adaptation of phosphate tubular handling to its content in
      the diet; 4. Mechanisms of cellular transports.

PMID- 159765
TI  - [Regulation of calcium metabolism ; its rhythmic variations].
AB  - In rats fed a calcium-deficient diet, the amplitude of daily variation of plasma
      ionized and total calcium increased markedly whereas plasma 45Ca daily
      fluctuation remained essentially unchanged. Normal daily fluctuations in plasma
      45Ca, lost after thyroparathyroidectomy, were restored by feeding rats a high
      calcium diet. A suggestion is that circadian rhythmicity originates as a result
      of dynamic properties involving nonlinear processes of calcium metabolism.

PMID- 159766
TI  - [Experimental study of left ventricular assistance].
AB  - An experimental study, on normal dog and a model of cardiogenic shock, using an
      extracorporeal circuit including 2 cannulae and a centrifugal pump, has shown the
      superiority of the ventriculo-aortic bypass on the atrio-aortic bypass, for a
      complete left ventricular mechanical assistance.

PMID- 159767
TI  - [Reactive metabolites of xenobiotics : their role in the hepatotoxicity of
      drugs].
AB  - Certain drugs are transformed into reactive metabolites by cytochrome P-450, a
      hepatic microsomal enzyme. The reactive metabolites covalently bind to hepatocyte
      macromolecules, thus determining liver lesions. Induction of microsomial enzymes
      increases the formation of reactive metabolites and exaggerates hepatotoxicity of
      these drugs.

PMID- 159768
TI  - [Hepatic tissue enzymes: study in cultures of rat liver epithelial cells. Control
      and analysis of cells by cytogenetic and mass spectrometric methods.
      Pharmacological applications].
AB  - Extensive studies of parameters conditioning selection and high plating
      efficiency of epithelial liver cells at primary seeding allowed us to set up a
      technique for the routine culture of liver cells from rats of various ages (18
      day-old pc to 7 month-old) in Ham F10 medium supplemented with 10 p. cent fetal
      calf serum and 10 p. cent human serum. Cultures, after several passages, or
      sometimes at primary seeding were free of fibroblasts. The quality of water for
      culture medium preparation was found to be a very important parameter. G-banding
      caryotype showed that cells in culture were diploid until 15-20 passages. Various
      metabolic pathways have been studied in primary culture and in cell lines:
      enzymes of the anaerobic metabolism of hexoses and metabolism of steroid hormones
      and xenobiotics. Activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was nearly lost in all
      cultures. Activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was nearly lost in all cultures.
      Aldolase showed a specific liver activity with a cleavage ratio of
      phosphofructoses (F-1,6-diP/F-1-P) equal to 1 or about 1 in several primary
      cultures and cell lines. Many metabolites arising from incubation of cell lines
      with 14C-labelled corticosterone, corticosterone-21-sulfate, testosterone and
      progesterone have been isolated and quantitated by gas liquid chromatography (GC)
      and mass fragmentography coupled to GC, using 14C/12C isotope ratio measurements.
      These metabolites indicate the presence in cultured cells of 3 alpha/beta-steroid
      reductases, 4-ene steroid reductases and hydroxylases at various positions: 2
      alpha, 2 beta, 6 alpha, 6 beta, 7 alpha, 17 beta and 16 alpha. These cell lines
      were able to activate carcinogens through the epoxide-diol pathway and are
      suitable for drug metabolism study.

PMID- 159769
TI  - [Hypothalamic control of TSH secretion. Current methods of exploration and
      perspectives for the future].
AB  - The progress about the control by the pituitary gland of TSH secretion involves
      the clinical use of TRH test. However some TSH deficiencies are due to an
      hypothalamic disorder. A better knowledge about the aminergic regulation of the
      TRH secretion is necessary to design a new test exploring the hypothalamic
      structures which control TSH secretion.

PMID- 159770
TI  - [Value of 17-hydroxyprogesterone determination in exploration of adrenal cortex
      enzyme deficiencies].
AB  - 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-P) was measured in various populations by
      radioimmunoassay, using a highly specific antibody produce in the rabbit. Dynamic
      tests were performed with ACTH, dexamethasone and estroprogestative drugs  and
      the role played by the adrenals and the ovaries in 17-OH-P production could be
      assessed. 17-OH-P determination is of interest in that, it allows the diagnosis
      of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, where values above 10 ng/ml are often found.
      Associated with the measure of testosterone and delta 4-androstenedione, it is
      also useful in the management of the disease. In the mild form of congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia with late revelation of the symptoms, determination of 17-OH
      P following ACTH stimulation allows of relative diagnosis.

PMID- 159771
TI  - Chronic pain syndromes and their treatment. III. The piriformis syndrome.
AB  - The piriformis is a deep-seated muscle, most of its muscular portion being part
      of the dorsal wall of the pelvis. The lateral portion and its insertion is extra
      pelvic and lies deep to the glutei. Like more superficially located and therefore
      more easily accessible skeletal muscles, the piriformis too can be the seat of
      trigger points, giving rise to symptoms indistinguishable from those of other
      causes of low backache, unless a deliberate search is made for the signs specific
      to the piriformis syndrome. Having made a presumptive diagnosis, confirmation is
      gained by palpating the muscle itself via rectum or vagina and reproducing the
      pain by digital pressure. If this test also is positive, the muscle is injected,
      the approach being either through the sciatic notch, from the perineum, or
      through the vagina. Immediate relief of pain is experienced after the solution of
      local anaesthetic and steroid has been deposited deep within the fleshy portion
      of the muscle.

PMID- 159772
TI  - Effect of a vegetarian diet and dexamethasone on plasma prolactin, testosterone
      and dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women.
AB  - This study reports the effect of a vegetarian diet and dexamethasone
      administration on the hormone status of healthy Caucasian men and premenopausal
      women. A lower nocturnal release of prolactin and testosterone occurred in men
      fed a vegetarian diet, while in women, dexamethasone administration decreased the
      nocturnal release of prolactin and caused a greater decrease of plasma
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). These results show that diet modification can
      induce hormonal changes, If similar changes occur in patients with breast and/or
      prostatic cancer, diet modification may be of benefit in these patients with
      tumors known to be hormonally dependent.

PMID- 159773
TI  - Cell proliferation kinetics of epidermis and sebaceous glands in relation to
      chalone action.
AB  - Median S-phase lengths of pinna epidermis and sebaceous glands, and of epithelia
      from the oesophagus and under surface of the tongue of Albino Swiss S mice were
      estimated by the percentage labelled mitoses method (PLM). The 18.4 and 18,8 hr
      for the median length of S-phase for pinna epidermis and sebaceous glands
      respectively made it possible for these two tissues to be used experimentally for
      testing tissue specificity in chalone assay experiments. The 10.0 and 11.5 hr for
      oesophagus ang tongue epithelium respectively made experimental design for
      chalone assay difficult when pinna epidermis was the target tissue. The results
      of the Labelling Index measured each hour throughout a 24-hr period showed no
      distinct single peaked diurnal rhythm for pinna epidermis and sebaceous glands.
      Instead a circadian rhythm with several small peaks occurred which would be
      expected if an S-phase of approximately 18 hr was imposed on the diurnal rhythm.
      This indicates that there may be very little change in the rate of DNA synthesis.
      The results are given for the assay in vivo of purified epidermal G1 and G2
      chalones, and the 72--81% ethanol precipitate of pig skin from which they could
      be isolated. These experiments were performed over a time period which took into
      account the diurnal rhythm of activity of the mice as well as the S-phase
      lengths. Extrapolating the results with time of action of the chalone shows that
      the G1 chalone acts at the point of entry into DNA synthesis and that the S-phase
      length was approximately 17 hr for both the pinna epidermis and sebaceous glands.
      This may be a more correct value since the PLM method overestimates the median S
      phase length as it is known that in pinna skin the [3H]TdR is available to the
      tissues for 2 hr and true flash labelling does not take place. The previous
      reports that epidermal G1 chalone acts some hours prior to entry into S-phase
      resulted from experiments on back skin where the S-phase is shorter and there is
      a pronounced diurnal rhythm which could mask the chalone effect. The epidermal G2
      chalone had no effect on DNA synthesis even at different times in the circadian
      rhythm. Thus the circadian rhythms and S-phase lengths of the test tissues need
      to be considered when experiments are performed with chalones. Ideally, the
      target tissues selected for cell line specificity tests should have the same cell
      kinetics for the easier and more accurate assessment and interpretation of
      results. When the tissues have markedly different cell kinetics, experimental
      procedures and results need to be evaluated accordingly. The point of action of
      G1 chalone can only be assessed if the effect is measured over the peak of
      incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA. The results of the effects of skin extracts
      are analysed in relation to changes in the availability of [3H]TdR for the
      incorporation into DNA and to the possibility of there being two distinct
      populations of proliferating cells.

PMID- 159774
TI  - Ultrastructural and biochemical study of extracellular matrix vesicles in normal
      alveolar bone of rats.
AB  - The occurrence of vesicles in the extracellular matrix of alveolar bone of normal
      young rats was demonstrated by both ultrastructural and enzymatic studies.
      Transmission electron microscopy revealed abundant vesicles in the matrix. The
      presence of hydroxyapatite crystals, both within the vesicles and in the matrix,
      was affiliated with rupture of the vesicular membrane. Calcifying nodules were
      scarce. High levels of both specific and total activities of alkaline- and
      pyrophosphatases were found in the fraction of isolated vesicles. This fraction
      also showed activities of different ATPases and acid phosphatase.

PMID- 159775
TI  - The abdominal muscle receptor organ in Astacus leptodactylus (Crustacea).
AB  - The structure of both the slow- and the fast-adapting abdominal muscle receptor
      organ of Astacus leptodactylus is described with particular reference to
      differences between the two systems. The receptors are composed of a thin muscle
      that extends from the front edge of one segment to the front edge of the
      following and a sensory cell connected with this muscle. In the zone where the
      sensory cells enter their respective muscle, muscle fibers are reduced (zone of
      relative muscle exclusion = ZRME) and partly replaced by connective tissue. The
      occurrence of dendritic processes of both the slow and the fast neurons is
      confined to this zone. The following differences between the two receptor types
      are established: (1) The fast receptor muscle reveals a smaller sarcomere length
      than the slow receptor muscle and a higher myosin/actin filament ratio. (2)
      Muscle fibers that pass the ZRME are always found at its periphery in the fast
      system, separated from dendritic processes by layers of connective tissue, while
      in the slow system muscle fibers frequently are intermingled with the sensory
      elements. (3) The ZRME of the slow receptor is 20-30% longer than that of the
      fast receptor. (4) The dendritic varicosities of the slow neuron, on an average,
      contain many more mitochondria than those of the fast neuron. (5) Dendritic
      processes (fine twigs as well as varicosities) are juxtaposed to the sarcolemma
      of the muscle fibers only in the slow system; in the fast system dendrites and
      muscle are spatially separated by connective tissue. It is assumed that these
      differences between the two receptor types are at least in part responsible for
      the different thresholds observed in physiological experiments.

PMID- 159776
TI  - Capillary distribution and metabolic histochemistry of the lateral propulsive
      musculature of pelagic teleost fish.
AB  - Metabolic and vascular adaptation of teleost lateral propulsive musculature to an
      active mode of life was investigated in four pelagic teleosts (mackerel,
      yellowtail scad, pilchard and Australian salmon). Histochemical profiles and
      capillarisation data of the red and white muscle were compared to those of less
      active demersal species. Pelagic white muscle stained positively for the aerobic
      enzymes succinate dehydrogenase and NADH diaphorase, and had both subsarcolemmal
      and intermyofibrillar mitochondria which corresponded to the loci of the
      histochemical stain. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria tended to be localised close to
      capillaries. In contrast, white muscle from demersal species was unstained for
      the same enzymes and was devoid of mitochondria. Red muscle of all species had
      abundant mitochondria and stained intensely for aerobic enzymes. Capillarisation
      was quantified by determining the percentage of fibres surrounded by a given
      number of peripheral capillaries, mean fibre diameter, mean number of peripheral
      capillaries, capillary: fibre ratio and sharing factor where appropriate. Red
      muscle of mackerel, Australian salmon, pilchard and scad are better vascularised
      than red muscle of the flathead having 153, 200, 242, 291 and 309 microns 2 of
      cross-sectional fibre area per peripheral capillary, respectively. White muscle
      of mackerel, pilchard and scad are better vascularised than white muscle of the
      Australian salmon and flathead having 2040, 3367, 4992, 9893 and 10,469 microns 2
      of cross-sectional fibre area per peripheral capillary, respectively. Red muscle
      of Australian salmon had distinct regional variation. Deep red muscle was found
      to be more highly vascularised (4.2 peripheral capillaries per muscle fibre) than
      lateral red muscle (1.9 peripheral capillaries per muscle fibre). Red muscle of
      the other species was less heterogeneous. White muscle capillarisation was
      slightly variable in all species. It is concluded that the white muscle of the
      pelagic species studied is functionally and structurally adapted for sustained
      aerobic activity with relatively abundant mitochondria being preferentially
      situated close to the source of gas and metabolite exchange.

PMID- 159777
TI  - Liver and immune responses. V: Regenerating liver cells activate syngeneic
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 159778
TI  - The suppressive effect of a supernate from concanavalin A-activated human
      lymphocytes: effects of concanavalin A-activated lymphocytes and their supernates
      on cytotoxic and mixed lymphocyte reactions.

PMID- 159779
TI  - Soluble factors from BCG-induced suppressor cells inhibit in vitro PFC responses
      but not cytotoxic responses.

PMID- 159780
TI  - Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and spontaneous killer cell activity against human T- and
      B-lymphoid cell lines.

PMID- 159781
TI  - Macrophage migration stimulation factor, migration inhibition factor and the role
      of suppressor cells in their production.

PMID- 159782
TI  - Con-A-induced suppressor activity of lymphocytes distinguished by the presence or
      absence of the Fc receptor.

PMID- 159783
TI  - Suppression of secondary plaque-forming cell responses by rat splenic adherent
      cells: evidence for dependence on prostaglandin production.

PMID- 159784
TI  - Loss of net negative surface charge during MLC stimulation of human T
      lymphocytes: correlation to "stable" E-rosette formation and natural attachment
      to normal and malignant target cells.

PMID- 159785
TI  - Further studies on suppressor cell activity in the spleen of neonatal mice.

PMID- 159786
TI  - T-cell subpopulations in the autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction.

PMID- 159787
TI  - The cytoplasmic origin of variability in the timing of S phase in mammalian
      cells.
AB  - The time at which S phase begins in mammalian cells is highly variable with
      respect to cell age. Evidence is presented that this variability does not arise
      because the initiation of DNA synthesis depends on the stochastic interaction of
      an initiator substance with a rare initiation site. Instead, the signal
      responsible for starting S phase must appear at random in the cytoplasm and may
      be transient.

PMID- 159788
TI  - [Recent knowledge of Huntington's chorea and its psychopathological symptoms
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 159789
TI  - [Stomatologic care of children who are difficult to treat].

PMID- 159790
TI  - [Quantitative dermatoglyphic values in children with Down's syndrome in
      comparison with the normal population].

PMID- 159791
TI  - Community involvement. A contribution from the Nursing Section of the Department
      of Health.

PMID- 159792
TI  - A restraining device for dental treatment of handicapped children.

PMID- 159794
TI  - Immunosuppressive effect of soluble E receptors in uremic serum.

PMID- 159793
TI  - Immune depression in trypanosome-infected mice. IV. Kinetics of suppression and
      alleviation by the trypanocidal drug Berenil.
AB  - Mice infected with T. congolense were monitored for numbers of parasites in
      peripheral blood, changes in spleen cell populations, immune depression and
      suppressor cell activity. Depression of B and T lymphocyte responses and the
      appearance of suppressor cell activity in spleens of infected mice paralleled the
      appearance of parasites in the peripheral blood. The immune depression was
      manifest before any visible changes in spleen cell populations occurred.
      Treatment of infected mice with the trypanocidal drug Berenil resulted in a rapid
      clearance of parasites from the peripheral blood, a parallel loss of immune
      depression and suppressor cell activity and a gradual return towards normal
      spleen cell composition. The splenic white pulp showed severe depletion following
      longstanding infection with T. congolense. However, following treatment with
      Berenil there was rapid repopulation of the white pulp and widespread active
      germinal centre formation.

PMID- 159795
TI  - The clinical spectrum of Reiter's syndrome and similar postenteric arthropathies.
AB  - Certain infections of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts, such as
      nongonococcal urethritis, dysentery and yersiniosis, precipitate characteristic
      arthritic syndromes in genetically susceptible individuals. Eye and skin lesions
      in the form of conjunctivitis, iritis, keratodermia blenorrhagica and erythema
      nodosum occurring in association with particular distributions of arthritis make
      recognizable clinical entities. Reiter's syndrome may be diagnosed with certainty
      from the presence of tender heels, low back pain, a predominance of knee and foot
      arthritis and pyuria, when the more obvious clinical markers of the syndrome are
      absent; a flagrant case represents one of the easiest clinical diagnoses in
      medicine. Diagnosis is important for a good prognosis, optimal treatment and
      sometimes prophylactic measures. Sacroiliitis often progressing to spinal
      ankylosis is a prominant feature in the B27-positive patient. Erythema nodosum
      occurs in B27-negative subjects as a response to yersiniosis and ulcerative
      colitis.

PMID- 159796
TI  - [Geometric and muscular factors in cardiac contraction. Possibility of estimating
      the functional value of the myocardium].

PMID- 159797
TI  - [Echocardiographic monitoring of myocarditis : detection of regional
      dysfunction].

PMID- 159798
TI  - C R Bard Nursing Award. Down's syndrome--learning.

PMID- 159799
TI  - Penetration of protective gloves by epoxy resin.
AB  - A gas jointer developed dermatitis from epoxy resin of Bisphenol A type. This
      substance penetrates plastic and rubber gloves. The man was compelled to change
      his job. There is a need for new types of gloves which are impermeable. The
      wearing of the existing types of glove by those not sensitised may be worthwhile
      because it probably lessens the dose of allergen absorbed and hence lessens the
      incidence of sensitisation.

PMID- 159800
TI  - Captafol dermatitis in the timber industry.
AB  - Captafol is a common cause of dermatitis amongst workers in the timber industry.
      In a survey of 14 timber treatment plants 23% of 133 workers exposed to captafol
      gave a history suggestive of occupationally induced dermatitis. Although allergic
      dermatitis can occur, irritant dermatitis is far more common. Attention to plant
      and personal hygiene will reduce the prevalence of captafol dermatitis
      significantly. Recommendations on how to achieve this are made. "The ultimate
      end...is not knowledge, but action. To be half right on time may be more
      important than to obtain the whole truth too late."

PMID- 159801
TI  - Oil of turpentine--a disappearing allergen.
AB  - Oil of turpentine has become an infrequent allergen because of its replacement by
      the petroleum product white spirit, its deliberate exclusion from industrial
      products, and because the balsam oils used nowadays do not contain the sensitiser
      delta 3-carene. On the basis of the generally low incidence of sensitisation
      being currently recorded, the International Contact Dermatitis Group recommend
      that oil of turpentine be removed from standard patch test series.

PMID- 159802
TI  - N-methylol-chloracetamide, a sensitizer in coolant oils and cosmetics.

PMID- 159803
TI  - Contact dermatitis due to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.

PMID- 159804
TI  - Occupational exogenous siderosis of the skin.

PMID- 159805
TI  - Contact dermatitis from sawdust.

PMID- 159806
TI  - Concomitant sensitisation to additives in a coolant fluid.

PMID- 159807
TI  - Occupational, industrial, and plant symposium. Part III. Dermatitis in specific
      occupations.

PMID- 159808
TI  - Acne vulgaris associated with antigonadotropic (Danazol) therapy.
AB  - A case of a young woman in whom nodulocystic acne developed while being treated
      for endometriosis with danazol, an antigonadotropic drug, is described herein.
      Although this agent, a derivative of 17 alpha-ethinyl testosterone, has been
      noted to possess weak androgenic properties, it has not been widely appreciated
      that danazol's androgenic side effects, particularly acne and seborrhea, occur
      frequently and may require prompt treatment.

PMID- 159809
TI  - [Stomatologic problems during the developing years, historical aspects].

PMID- 159810
TI  - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and coronary artery spasm.
AB  - Three patients had hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and coronary artery
      spasm. The clinical diagnosis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, in all
      patients, was confirmed by echocardiography and angiography. Significant spasm of
      the right coronary artery was demonstrated in each patient by selective coronary
      arteriography. One patient had atherosclerotic obstructive three vessel disease,
      while the other two showed no evidence of any fixed organic narrowing of the
      coronary arteries. ST segment elevation in the inferior ECG leads was documented
      in two of the patients in association with coronary spasm.

PMID- 159811
TI  - Right pulmonary mass in a patient with mitral valve prosthesis.

PMID- 159812
TI  - Formation and properties of reactive aldehydes.
AB  - 4-Hydroxyalkenals react easily with SH groups in enzymes and structural proteins
      to give stable adducts in which the aldehyde is bound through a thioether linkage
      to the protein. This reaction represents the mechanism by which these compounds
      block certain metabolic processes (DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, respiration,
      glycolysis) and exert their antitumour activity. A highly significant inverse
      correlation exists between the number of hydroxypentenal-sensitive SH groups in
      the soluble proteins and the doubling time of 12 transplantable animal tumours.
      Hydroxyalkenals applied peritumourally completely prevent or significantly delay
      growth of the solid forms of four animal tumours. The almost non-toxic adducts of
      4-hydroxypentenal-cysteine 1:1 and crotonal-cysteine 1:2 applied
      intraperitoneally prevent or inhibit growth of Ehrlich ascites tumour in mice.
      The possible formation of unsaturated aldehydes in vivo from lipids,
      carbohydrates and diamines is discussed.

PMID- 159813
TI  - Carcinostatic activity of methylglyoxal and related substances in tumour-bearing
      mice.
AB  - Methylglyoxal treatment of tumour cells in vitro primarily depresses protein
      synthesis, in contrast to trans-4-hydroxypent-2-enal (HPE) which preferentially
      inhibits DNA synthesis. Methylglyoxal and hpe are potent carcinostatic agents in
      vitro but relatively ineffective in vivo. Both aldehydes have a short half-life
      in vivo which may explain their poor carcinostatic properties when administered
      other than peritumorally. Several possibilities of increasing the effective half
      life were investigated including (i) multiple intraperitoneal injections, (ii)
      concomitant administration of an inhibitor of glyoxalase I, (iii) administration
      of aldehyde-cysteine adducts, and (iv continuous intravenous infusion.
      Methylglyoxal (36 mg/kg i.p., twice daily) was slightly less effective in
      inhibiting the growth of the solid form of Ehrlich carcinoma than a dose of 72
      mg/kg (inj. 1); 36 mg/kg (inj. 2) 46.2% compared to 51%. The aldehyde was more
      effective aginst the ascitic form of the tumour, with 99.76% inhibition of growth
      after giving 72 mg/kg twice daily for five days followed by 36 mg/kg for five
      days. The glyoxalase I inhibitor S-(p-bromobenzyl)-glutathione didnot
      significantly enhance the activity of methylglyoxal against the solid form of the
      tumour. Nicotinamide (1% w/v in the drink) was similarily inactive. Methylglyoxal
      in combination with nicotinamide was significantly more effect (P less than 0.05)
      than methylglyoxal alone (36 mg/kg, twice daily) in inhibiting the growth of the
      ascitic tumour. Methylglyoxal-N-acetyl-L-cysteine was four times less toxic than
      methylglyoxalalone but was marginally less effective against the ascitic form of
      the tumour. Doses of these adducts equivalent to 144 mg/kg per day of
      methylglyoxal were more effective P less than 0.05) than the optimal regime of
      methylglyoxal in inhibiting the solid tumour (67.5% inhibition compared to 51%).
      Treatment of mice bearing the ascitic form of Sarcoma 180 with five daily doses
      (i.p.) of an HPE-cysteine adduct equivalent to a dose of HPE alone of 32-256
      mg/kg per day significantly increased survival time by comparison with controls.
      The adduct was 2-3 times more effective, dose-for-dose, than HPE alone in
      inhibiting tumour growth. Purified buffered methylglyoxal has an LD50 on
      continuous infusion into the right lateral tail vein in mice of more than 3.0
      mg/g per day (seven days at 2.8 ml/day). Local oedema followed by tail necrosis
      occurs at doses in excess of 0.25-0.5 mg/g per day in mice bearing the solid
      forms of the syngeneic tumours: squamous carcinoma D; lymphosarcoma 1 (WH/Ht
      mice); and spontaneous mammary D5056 (CBA/CA mice). A maximum tumour volume
      growth delay of 3.4 days at Day 17 (P less than 0.001) after transplantation was
      observed after infusion of 0.5 mg/g per day methylglyoxal on Days 11-17 in the
      CBA/CA D40 syngeneic mammary tumour. Tumour regrowth after termination of therapy
      eliminated the significant difference between control and methylglyoxal-treated
      tumours by Day 27. Methylglyoxal infusion (0...

PMID- 159814
TI  - [ATP as a regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase activity: elimination of
      lipid control].

PMID- 159815
TI  - Regulation of mitotic activity in rat vaginal epithelium: relationships between
      the level of its inhibitor (G2-chalone) and estrogens.
AB  - The level of a tissue-specific inhibitor of mitotic activity (G2-chalone) and
      mitotic activity in the vaginal mucosa of cycling rats of varying age and
      castrated rats were studied. A direct correlation between the level of the
      inhibitor and mitotic index is found in cycling animals. Both parameters are
      maximal during estrus and minimal in proestrus, when estrogen level in blood
      circulation is the highest. The undulating variations in G2 inhibitor level
      during estrous cycle are less pronounced and the concentrations of the inhibitor
      in relevant phases are significantly lower in aged females than in adult rats.
      Administration of estradiol benzoate (1 microgram/100 g) to castrated female rats
      was followed by a significant decrease in mitotic inhibitor level in vaginal
      mucosa within 12 hrs. This, in turn, was followed by a rise in mitotic activity
      18 hr after estrogen administration. Therefore, the estrogen exerts its effect on
      mitotic activity in target tissue after it has induced a decrease in the level of
      the antimitotic factor (G2-chalone).

PMID- 159816
TI  - Sensitivity of ATPase system in certain tissues of Labeo rohita and Saccobranchus
      fossilis following in vitro treatment with chlordane.

PMID- 159817
TI  - The role of calmodulin in the structure and regulation of phosphorylase kinase
      from rabbit skeletal muscle.

PMID- 159818
TI  - Active transport of calcium in membrane vesicles from Mycobacterium phlei.
AB  - Active transport of calcium ions has been demonstrated in inside-out membrane
      vesicles from Mycobacterium phlei mediated by respiratory linked substrates as
      well as by ATP hydrolysis. The uptake of calcium exhibited an apparent Km of 80
      microM and V of 16.6 nmol calcium uptake x min-1 x mg protein-1. A fortyfold
      concentration gradient for calcium ions was calculated for both the ATP-induced
      and the respiration-induced transport of calcium. Removal of coupling-factor
      latent ATPase resulted in the complete loss of ATP-driven Ca2+ transport whereas
      the respiration-driven uptake was reduced by 40-50%. The uptake of calcium was
      inhibited by the proton conducting ionophores carbonylcyanide m
      chlorophenylhydrazone and Gramicidin-D. The accumulated calcium was freely
      exchangeable with external calcium and was rapidly released by the addition of
      inhibitors of energy transduction, proton-translocating uncouplers or the
      ionophore A23187. The uptake of the weak base, methylamine, upon the oxidation of
      respiratory-linked substrates or the hydrolysis of ATP showed the generation of a
      protein gradient (inside acidic) which was partially collapsed on the addition of
      calcium ions. These results suggest that a Ca2+/H+ antiport mechanism may be
      responsible for the transport of calcium.

PMID- 159819
TI  - An adenosine triphosphatase isolated from chromaffin-granulate membranes is
      closely similar to F1-adenosine triphosphatase of mitochondria.

PMID- 159820
TI  - Identification of amino acid substitutions in the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
      binding subunit of the mitochondrial ATPase complex from oligomycin-resistant
      mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 159821
TI  - Urinary acid mucopolysaccharides in multiple sulfatase deficiency
      (mucosulfatidosis).
AB  - Urinary acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) excretion was investigated in a Japanese
      case with Multiple Sulfatase Deficiency (MSD) (Mucosulfatidosis). The patient
      excreted AMPS 4 to 5 times more (as carbazoluronic acid) than controls. The
      cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis clearly indicated two major AMPS which co
      migrated with heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate A/C. Enzymic digestion with
      chondroitinase AC and ABC, and by testicular hyaluronidase plus amino sugar
      analysis also confirmed that our case excreted heparan sulfate and chondroitin
      sulfate A/C. These findings suggest that there are heterogeneities of urinary
      AMPS excretion among cases with MSD.

PMID- 159822
TI  - Changes in antiplasmin and plasmin activities during extreme hemodilution and
      open heart surgery in dogs.
AB  - The effects of extreme hemodilution and open heart surgery on antiplasmin and
      plasmin activities were investigated in dogs. Assays for plasmin and antiplasmin
      activities were performed with a chromogenic peptide substrate for plasmin. After
      hemodilution and during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), plasmin activity on the
      substrate was observed and levels of both "fast-reacting" and "total"
      antiplasmins fell. The plasmin activity was shown to be due to the formation of
      alpha2-macroglobulin-plasmin complex which exhibited amidolytic activity on the
      chromogenic substrate. The falls in antiplasmin activity together with the
      appearance of the alpha2-macroglobulin-plasmin complex revealed that activation
      of the fibrinolytic system had occurred. After the operation and following
      reinfusion of autologous blood, decreased plasmin and increased antiplasmin
      activities were observed. On the first and sixth days following the operation
      plasmin activities were still slightly higher than pre-operation values, whilst
      antiplasmin activities were normal.

PMID- 159823
TI  - Family involvement: a critical component of early intervention.

PMID- 159824
TI  - Using telecommunications technology to instruct rural severely handicapped
      children.

PMID- 159825
TI  - Housing discrimination toward one parent families with a handicapped son.

PMID- 159826
TI  - Observing and recording young handicapped children's behavior: a comparison among
      observational methodologies.

PMID- 159827
TI  - The in vitro cellular response of human lymphocytes to trinitrophenylated
      autologous cells: HLA-D restriction of proliferation but apparent absence of HLA
      restriction of cytolysis.
AB  - Primary as well as secondary proliferative and cytotoxic responses to 2,4,6
      trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified autologous human cells have been studied.
      Proliferative responses have been obtained both by primary (peak on day 6) and
      secondary (peak on day 2--3) stimulation. Both responders and nonresponders were
      found among the panel of unrelated individuals tested. All responders in a
      secondary reaction also gave significant primary responses. Intrafamilial studies
      showed that the ability to restimulate a proliferative response followed the
      major histocompatibility complex haplotype of the responder; in some cases, the
      two haplotypes differed in their ability to restimulate. Using unrelated
      individuals typed for HLA-A, B and C, as well as HLA-D and DR, proliferation was
      shown to occur only when the unrelated stimulator shared HLA-D region products
      with the responder. In contrast, no HLA restriction was found in cell-mediated
      lympholysis (CML) (neither in primary nor in secondary responses) in most cases.
      The data suggest that the observed killing is independent of sensitization. Both
      responders and nonresponders in proliferation yielded high levels of lysis; no
      increase of lysis was found in kinetic studies; most allogeneic CML combinations
      were highly lytic for the TNP-modified responder cells at a time when the lysis
      of the specific allogeneic target is negligible. These preliminary data suggest
      that the killing observed might be different from classical T cell-mediated
      lympholysis.

PMID- 159828
TI  - Non-T cell nature of the naturally occurring, spleen-associated suppressor cells
      present in the newborn mouse.

PMID- 159829
TI  - Localization of a Mg2+- or Ca2+-activated ("basic") ATPase in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 159830
TI  - Changes in the organization and biosynthesis of cell surface acidic sugars during
      the phytohemagglutinin-induced blast formation of human T-lymphocytes.

PMID- 159831
TI  - The influence of nicotinamide on microsomal drug-metabolizing activity in vitro.

PMID- 159832
TI  - PPD-induced blastogenesis is auto-regulated by suppressor cells generated in
      vitro.
AB  - Suppressor cell induction can be demonstrated during antigen specific
      blastogenesis by using the same methods which have shown induction of suppressor
      cells by Con A. Since suppressor cells are rapidly generated during antigen
      specific blastogenesis, they must regulate the final level of blastogenesis
      induced during the seven day in vitro incubation.

PMID- 159833
TI  - Immunochemical analysis of membrane vesicles and chromatophoresis of
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 159834
TI  - Evidence for structural changes in the photoreceptor disk membrane, enabled by
      magnesium ATPase activity and triggered by light.

PMID- 159835
TI  - The interaction of energy transfer inhibitors with the adenine nucleotide binding
      sites on soluble chloroplast coupling factor 1.

PMID- 159836
TI  - A rationale for the therapeutic action of aprotinin.
AB  - Aprotinin, a protease inhibitor, has been used in a wide variety of
      pathophysiological states thought to be associated with an increase in protease
      activity. Opinion differ with respect to the success of the therapy. This paper
      proposes a rationale for the therapeutic action of aprotinin based on biochemical
      and physiological evidence. In the kallikrein-kinin system, in addition to
      kallikrein, other serine-esterases such as trypsin, plasmin, etc. can generate
      kinin production. In certain disease states such as pancreatitis there is not
      only an increase in serine-protease activity but frequently these enzymes reach
      parts of the organism where they are not found in health. Thus in such
      circumstances increased production of kinins can result. The consequences of
      increased kinin generation are discussed in light of work indicating their role
      in metabolic and circulatory homeostasis. Aprotinin is specifically a serine
      esterase inhibitor. It is suggested that perhaps the most important action of
      this compound is as an inhibitor of the kallikrein-kinin system. On this basis a
      therapeutic regime in various disease states for the use of aprotinin, which
      allows for control of kinin generation, is suggested.

PMID- 159837
TI  - [Health pamphlets in the control of venereal diseases].

PMID- 159838
TI  - [Occupational dermatoses in Bulgaria].

PMID- 159839
TI  - [Autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia--a special nosologic entity? (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 159840
TI  - Effects of levamisole in Sezary syndrome. Apparent acceleration of disease.
AB  - 2 patients with Sezary syndrome were treated with levamisole. Both patients had
      clinical and hematological evidence of acceleration of their disease and
      ultimately died, although 1 patient had improvement in skin test reactivity. We
      suggest that levamisole be used with caution, if at all, in patients with T
      lymphocyte malignancies.

PMID- 159841
TI  - The retinoic acid derivative Ro 11-1430 (Tasmaderm) in patients with acne
      vulgaris not tolerating retinoic acid. A controlled multicenter trial against
      placebo.
AB  - In a double-blind randomized comparative multicenter trial, consisting of 29
      patients with acne vulgaris who were unable to tolerate daily applications of
      retinoic acid, the retinoic acid derivative Ro 11--1430 (0.1% vanishing cream)
      was compared in a 6--8 weeks topical treatment with vanishing cream alone
      (placebo). Regarding efficacy, for most criteria measured the response was always
      better with Ro 11--1430 than with placebo, although the differences were not
      always statistically significant for several reasons, one probably being the
      small number of patients in the trial. Regarding tolerance, both treatments were
      satisfactory. Ro 11---1430 and placebo did not differ significantly regarding
      frequency and severity of erythema, desquamation and burning. These results
      suggest that treatment with Ro 11--1430 should be considered in acne patients who
      are unable to use retinoic acid due to severe local reactions.

PMID- 159842
TI  - Purification and properties of liver phosphofructokinase from normal and obese
      mice.

PMID- 159843
TI  - Association of plasminogen with bovine milk fat globule membrane.

PMID- 159844
TI  - Properties of chloroform-released ox heart mitochondrial adenosine
      triphosphatase; comparison with F1-adenosine triphosphatase and factor A
      [proceedings].

PMID- 159845
TI  - Labelling of the subunits of the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase complex
      in contact with the lipid bilayer [proceedings].

PMID- 159846
TI  - The development of sporulation competence in Physarum polycephalum.

PMID- 159848
TI  - A longitudinal study of very low-birthweight infants. II: Results of controlled
      trial of intensive care and incidence of handicaps.
AB  - Between 1966 and 1970, infants with birthweights between 1000 and 1500g entered a
      randomized controlled trial to determine the short-term and long-term results of
      neonatal intensive care. Of 158 long-term survivors, five were lost to follow-up,
      but the multidisciplinary research team prospectively followed 143 children up to
      the age of eight years. Useful data were available for the other 10 children. Of
      the long-term survivors 74 had received routine, and 84 had received intensive
      nursery care. At eight years of age there were no statistically significant
      differences in the frequencies of a variety of individual abnormalities; fewer of
      the intensively managed children had cerebral palsy, but sensorineural deafness
      and ocular abnormalities occurred more frequently. Individual children were
      graded into four carefully defined groups: (a) profound handicap (4.4 per cent of
      entire study group); (b) severe handicap (10.1 per cent); (c) significant
      handicap (37.3 per cent); and (d) trivial or no handicap (41.8 per cent).
      Inadequate data were available for 6.3 per cent of the children. It was apparent
      that the improved survival attributed to intensive neonatal care was achieved at
      the expense of additional severely handicapped children, and this feature is
      discussed.

PMID- 159847
TI  - Gamma-aminobutyric acid in peripheral tissue, with emphasis on the endocrine
      pancreas: presence in two species and reduction by streptozotocin.
AB  - A screen of selected periphral organs of the rat found that gamma-aminobutyric
      acid (GABA) is generally present outside the central nervous system, and, of
      those organs examined, GABA was present at the highest concentration in the
      pancreas (approximately 40 pmol/mg wet wt). Furthermore, this putative inhibitory
      neurotransmitter was found to be present at even higher levels in islets of
      Langerhans tissue isolated from rat pancreas (190 pmol/mg). Administration of
      streptozotocin, a selective beta-cell toxin, decreased pancreatic GABA levels
      significantly, but had no or only small effects on the GABA content of other
      organs. Normal teleost (catfish) Brockmann body contains about the same level of
      GABA as normal rat islet tissue.

PMID- 159849
TI  - Effect of neocarzinostatin on microtubules.
AB  - Effect of Neocarzinostatin (NCS) on microtubules was examined both in vitro and
      in vivo. Although NCS had no effect on microtubule assembly in vitro nor
      dissociated cytoplasmic microtubular network in vivo, microtubular network
      appeared to be changed to coarse form in NCS-treated 3T3 and HeLa cells. Effect
      of NCS on microtubules was discussed in comparison with colchicine.

PMID- 159850
TI  - [Proline-dependent wild strains and proline-dependent mutants of the plague
      microbe].
AB  - It is found that the growth of Yersinia pestis wild strains, isolated from
      Citellus musicus Menetrie in the Central Caucasus, depends on the presence of
      proline in the medium. Proline can not be substituted by glutamic acid, other
      amino acids or vitamins. 28 proline-requiring mutants were selected from Y.
      pestis marmot strain 20b. Three groups of proline-requiring Y. pestis mutants are
      established, similar to those of Escherichia coli. The requirement of proline
      does not affect the virulency, pigment formation and calcium dependence.

PMID- 159851
TI  - Construction and properties of hybrid plasmids carrying the E. coli gal operon.
AB  - A family of hybrid plasmids carrying the entire gal operon of E. coli and
      designated pgal was constructed in vitro. In the case of pgal 1 (mol. wt. 16.4
      Md), a fragment cut by Bam HI endonuclease from lambda gal phage DNA (lambda D-J
      gal-att-int) was joined to pMB9 and cloned in the gal-strain of E. coli, which
      was grown on selective media with galactose as a sole source of carbon. Plasmid
      pgal2 was derived from pgal 1 by elimination of the 1.1 Md fragment located
      between the two EcoRI sites and carrying the lambda att-int region and part of
      pMB9. To obtain pgal3, the 10.7 Md fragment of lambda DNA located between the two
      SmaI sites (lambda D-J and part of pMB9) in pgal2 was cut out and the resulting
      flush-end fragments were sealed by the T4DNA ligase. The mol. wt. of pgal3
      containing one SmaI site amounted to 4.6 Md, while several pgal3 variants that
      had lost their SmaI site were still smaller. Plasmid pgal1 inhibited the growth
      of the gal- host cells, which effect could be overcome by the accompanying helper
      pMB9. The presence of pgal2 and pgal3 supported the growth and multiplication of
      gal- cells on selective media even without the helper plasmid. The total amount
      of pgal plasmid DNA per cell was constant and equalled 60--70 Md (4 copies of
      pgal1 or 15--16 copies of pgal3, ColE1 or pMB9). This might explain why the co
      presence of pMB9 helper does alleviate the "harmful" effects of the plasmid pgal1
      (which carries att-int genes), by reducing the copy number of the latter from
      four to one.

PMID- 159852
TI  - Characterization of mouse ribosomal gene fragments purified by molecular cloning.
AB  - Four mouse ribosomal gene fragments cloned in lambda gtWES were studied by
      restriction enzyme mapping and Southern transfer experiments. These fragments
      were found to contain 18S DNA and transcribed as well as non-transcribed spacer
      DNA. Variation in the structure of these mouse DNA inserts was limited to one
      region of spacer DNA. This variation may reflect real structural differences
      found in mouse ribosomal genes or possibly deletion events which occurred during
      cloning. The transcribed regions of the inserts appear identical to one antoher
      and restriction enzyme fragments from this region correspond to fragments
      observed in digests of total mouse DNA. These clones will be useful in studying
      the structure of transcribed spacer DNA including the ribosomal gene promoter.

PMID- 159853
TI  - A study of the relationship between ex vivo and in vivo effects of
      sulphinpyrazone in the guinea pig.
AB  - In guinea pigs, sodium arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo proved a
      more sensitive method for detecting drug-related effects after the administration
      of sulphinpyrazone than collagen-induced platelet aggregation. It was possible to
      detect inhibition of platelet aggregation after giving sulphinpyrazone orally in
      a single dose of 3 mg/kg. Excellent correlation was achieved between ex vivo and
      in vivo inhabition of platelet function with sulphinpyrozone using the Arthus
      reaction. The results are consistent with the formation, in the guinea pig of
      metabolites more potent than the parent molecule.

PMID- 159854
TI  - [Dr. Theodoer Hellbrugge on his 60th birthday].

PMID- 159855
TI  - [The prognosis for high-risk newborns].
AB  - By good perinatal care the perinatal mortality rate can be brought down to 10
      promille. A great number of high risk newborns will survive. The developmental
      prognosis of these at risk babies has strikingly improved. Among these babies the
      rate of neuromotor defects has been reduced by about 50%. Babies with birth
      weights of less than 1501 g will develop spastic diplegia in less than 5% and
      more than 80% of the babies with birth weights of less than 1001 g and the babies
      after artificial ventilation will develop normally.

PMID- 159856
TI  - [Growth disorders. Classification, diagnosis and therapy. 1. Constitutional
      dwarfism, dwarfism with unusual body proportions, intrauterine dwarfism,
      chromosome abnormalities].

PMID- 159857
TI  - [The concept of social pediatric assistance in the development of handicapped
      children. Possibilities, problems and future measures].
AB  - Principles and possibilities of the social pediatric concept (Hellbrugge) in
      treatment and aids for handicapped children are demonstrated. Beside positive
      experiences there are still some unsolved problems: control of therapeutic
      efficiency, increasing amount of psychic and social handicaps, lack of
      psychotherapeutic possibilities, problems of the organization and the public role
      of social pediatric work.

PMID- 159859
TI  - C-Band polymorphisms of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 in four subgroups of mentally
      retarded patients and a normal control population.

PMID- 159858
TI  - Down's syndrome in brother and sister without evident trisomy 21.
AB  - In the present report two siblings with the typical Down's phenotype but without
      evident full or partial 21 trisomy are described. The finding of a regular 21
      trisomy in a minority of the cells in the elder patient favors the hypothesis
      that both present a hardly demonstrable normal/trisomy 21 mosaicism and may be
      examples of a constitutional familial tendency to nondisjunction in man.

PMID- 159860
TI  - Pseudocholinesterase activity and E1 phenotypes in Down's syndrome and mental
      retardation.
AB  - Pseudocholinesterase activity and the phenotypes controlled by the E1 locus have
      been determined in a sample of 307 Down's syndrome patients and 206 patients
      suffering from nonspecific mental retardation and compared to those in the
      healthy population. Both groups of patients have an elevated frequency of
      phenotypes possessing the rate E1f allele. The mentally retarded patients have a
      higher mean pseudocholinesterase activity than those with Down's syndrome who, in
      turn, have activity than the healthy controls.

PMID- 159861
TI  - The cellular control of delayed hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus in
      mice.
AB  - The cells which suppressed delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to Staphylococcus aureus
      in the mice were non-phagocytic, adhered to nylon wool and possessed surface
      immunoglobulin but no detectable Thy 1. antigen. They were probably B lymphocytes
      and the suppression which they mediated appeared to be specific. The mature
      suppressor cells were radiosensitive. Their precursors were sensitive to large
      doses of cyclophosphamide. Suppressor-cell activity in the spleen reached a peak
      after two subcutaneous S. aureus infections and declined thereafter. This decline
      might be related to the appearance of DH to S. aureus in mice after four or more
      staphylococcal infections.

PMID- 159862
TI  - Human myeloma cells and their strong stimulating capacity in 'one-way' mixed
      lymphocyte reaction: a comparative study with leukaemic B lymphoid cells.
AB  - Cultured human myeloma cells (ARH-77, RPMI-8226 and U-266), like leukaemic B
      lymphoid cells, consistently exerted a strong stimulating capacity on allogeneic
      lymphocytes in the 'one-way' mixed lymphocyte reaction. An optimal stimulation
      was seen when a 1:1 ratio or 1:2 ratio of responding cell:stimulating cells of
      each cell line was utilized. The stimulating capacity of ARH-77 or RPMI-8226
      cells was significantly diminished when a 1:4 ratio of responding
      cells:stimulating cells was utilized. Fresh bone marrow cells containing more
      than 80% plasma cells from a patient with multiple myeloma, on the other hand,
      failed to exert the stimulating capacity on two occasions. The striking
      difference between cultured myeloma cells and fresh plasma cells is that the Ia
      like antigen is present on cultured myeloma cells, and this antigen is absent on
      fresh plasma cells. The relationship between the Ia-like antigen and the
      stimulating capacity in 'one-way' mixed lymphocyte reaction is discussed.

PMID- 159863
TI  - Restoration of impaired immune functions of aged animals by chronic bestatin
      treatment.
AB  - An attempt to correct the state of immunodeficiency in old age was made by
      repeatedly injecting a chemically defined immunostimulating agent, bestatin, to
      16 month old (C57Bl/6 x BALB/c) F1 mice. Aged mice were found to have depressed T
      cell and B-cell responses but increased ADCC activity. Weekly injections of
      bestatin over a period of 6 months resulted in varying effects depending on the
      dose administered. Small doses (10 microgram per injection) were more effective
      in restoring humoral responses to SRBC rather than delayed-type hypersensitivity
      reactions, whereas large doses (100 microgram per injection) acted in the
      opposite way. Macrophage activation was only obtained after the administration of
      the high doses of bestatin. Continuous treatment with bestatin did not prevent
      the appearance of suppressor cells induced by ageing. It led to a significant
      reduction of ADCC activity in aged animals near to the base line value of young
      animals. Animals were examined for the presence of spontaneous tumours from the
      end of the treatment until the age of 28 months. A significant reduction of
      spontaneous tumour incidence was observed in mice given repeated injections of
      100 microgram bestatin when compared to untreated aged mice and to mice given the
      low doses of bestatin.

PMID- 159864
TI  - Rabbit anti-EL4 serum. A reagent with specificity for a population of murine
      suppressor cells.
AB  - Antisera against the C57B1 (H-2b) mouse lymphoma, EL4 were prepared in rabbits.
      After absorption with mouse liver, red cells and thymocytes the antisera appeared
      to be cytotoxic for a subpopulation of peripheral T cells. The absorbed antisera
      blocked the immunosuppressor function of Con A-stimulated splenic lymphocytes,
      but was unreactive against Con A-stimulated and allogeneically primed cytotoxic
      cells, or helper T cells. Consequently, heteroantiserum against EL4 may provide a
      useful reagent for the differentiation of cytotoxic from suppressor T-cell
      subsets.

PMID- 159865
TI  - Changes in myosin yield & myosin-ATPase activity of frog gastrocnemius muscle.

PMID- 159867
TI  - Immune disorders of the eye.

PMID- 159866
TI  - The handicapped child in school.

PMID- 159868
TI  - Contact dermatitis: a historical perspective.

PMID- 159870
TI  - Perspectives in dermatology. Great Britain, 1975 to 1978.

PMID- 159869
TI  - Metabolism and action of androgen in the skin.

PMID- 159871
TI  - Zinc and acne: does it work?

PMID- 159872
TI  - The isolated mitotic apparatus and chromosome motion.

PMID- 159873
TI  - [Inflammatory vascular diseases and their immunological aspects].

PMID- 159875
TI  - Treatment of low back pain and sciatica with extradural analgesia and steroid
      injection 1971-1978.

PMID- 159874
TI  - [Chronic hepatitis: an immunological problem?].

PMID- 159876
TI  - An apparently immunoregulatory effect of human leukocyte interferon on the
      blastogenic response in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 159877
TI  - [Paralytic abdominal hernia in zoster].
AB  - In a 56 year old patient with zoster in the thoracic segments 10 and 11 an
      abdominal hernia developed. The hernia was caused by peripheral motorial paresis.

PMID- 159879
TI  - A review of the International Year of the Child.

PMID- 159878
TI  - [Acne fulminans].
AB  - Acne fulminans is a rare disorder of male teenage patients. The disease is
      characterized by the sudden appearance of highly inflammatory, tender, ulcerative
      and crusted lesions on back, chest and face. At the onset of the disease all
      patients show febrile temperature, leucocytosis, increased sedimentation rate and
      frequently polyarthralgia. The reported case showed typical lesions and
      distribution, fever, leucocytosis, elevated sedimentation rate, anemia, a
      decrease in albumin and an increase in alpha 2-globulin. Intradermal skin tests
      (delayed reactivity) showed marked decrease responses. Systemic treatment with
      antibiotics (ampicilline, tetracycline) with concomitant topical therapy was
      effective.

PMID- 159880
TI  - On the heterogeneity of capillaries of pigeon pectoralis muscle: a histoenzymatic
      and ultrastructural study.
AB  - Earlier studies had failed to show the presence of capillaries between the white
      fibres of pigeon pectoralis muscle. In this paper, data are reported for the
      first time documenting that these capillaries occur in both intra- and inter
      fasicular areas of the muscle. Fresh frozen sections of pigeon pectoralis major
      muscle were incubated for alkaline ATPase reaction following pretreatment with
      different EDTA solutions (4.3 mM, pH 4.3). The results showed the existence of an
      inherent heterogeneity of capillaries. The capillaries of white fibres stained
      intensely for K+/Mg2+-EDTA or Mg2+-EDTA pre-incubated ATPase; the capillaries of
      red fibres stained poorly. Both white fibre and red fibre capillaries were
      examined ultrastructurally in the non-perfused pigeon pectoralis muscle. It is
      suggested that a possible correlation exists between the distinctive metabolic
      and mechanical characteristics of the Type II white, glycolytic, fast-twitch fast
      fatigue muscle fibres and the high ATPase activity of their capillaries.

PMID- 159881
TI  - The ultrastructural localization of membrane ATPase in rat thin limbs of the loop
      of Henle.
AB  - The cytochemical distribution of nonspecific membrane ATPase activity in the
      epithelial membranes of the thin limbs of the loops of Henle of rat nephrons was
      studied at the ultrastructural level. Membrane ATPase activity was localized in
      the luminal, lateral, and (to a lesser extent) basal membranes of only the outer
      medullary segment of the thin descending limbs of long nephrons (Type II
      epithelium). The reaction product was lacking in the thin limb of short nephrons
      (Type I epithelium) as well as in the inner medullary descending (Type III
      epithelium) and ascending (Type IV epithelium) segments of the thin limbs of long
      nephrons. These data reinforce the concept of thin limb heterogeneity and may
      indicate a specialized role for the outer medullary segment of thin descending
      limbs of long nephrons in the concentrating mechanism.

PMID- 159883
TI  - Lift therapy: use and abuse.

PMID- 159882
TI  - Histochemical characteristics of a tonic smooth muscle.
AB  - It is suggested that ABRM, smooth muscle of Mytilus edulis L. and Mytilus
      galloprovincialis Lmk. (Mollusca Pelecypoda), is composed of one histochemical
      fibre type. The fibres are characterized by a low myofibrillar ATPase activity.
      Succinic and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase activities are
      distributed in a reverse pattern than that of the ATPase activity. Glycogen
      phosphorylase is richly represented in ABRM fibres and this detection is in
      opposition with the negative detection of alkaline phosphatase activity. These
      preliminary histochemical observations are similar to those found in some
      vertebrate smooth muscles. Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate, 6
      phosphogluconate, lactate and octopine dehydrogenases are not detected in muscle
      fibres whereas glio-interstitial tissues show weak but distinct reactivity. These
      last results especially characterize Mytilus catch fibres and are briefly
      discussed in relationship with previous physiological, biochemical and
      morphological observations.

PMID- 159884
TI  - Immunological effects of irradiation: waiting for a model.

PMID- 159885
TI  - Volume-displacement body plethysmograph using a large flowmeter without pressure
      compensation.
AB  - A modification of the conventional volume-displacement whole-body plethysmograph
      was done using a low-resistance flow element and integrating the plethysmographic
      pressure signal. A flow element with a resistance of 0.036 cmH2O/(l/s), linear to
      75 l/s was fitted to a 440-liter plethysmograph, resulting in an instrument with
      a volume-amplitude-frequency response flat to 15 Hz and in phase with mouth flow
      and esophageal catheter-balloon to at least 15 Hz without pressure compensation.

PMID- 159886
TI  - Evaluation of a hot-wire respiratory flowmeter for clinical applicability.
AB  - A hot-wire flowmeter was evaluated for clinical applicability. 1) Calibration
      with a syringe could be done if emptying duration was 1-15 s. 2) Outputs linearly
      decreased with decreasing concentration of N2 in O2. Outputs with CO2 in O2 and
      N2O in O2 represented nonlinear convex relationships with varying concentrations
      of CO2 and N2O. Correction for each gas mixture to be measured is required. 3)
      Outputs linearly decreased with decreasing barometric pressure. 4) Stability
      assessed with a piston respirator was excellent (within +/- 2% of syringe volume)
      after 15 min warmup time. However, daily calibrations are recommended in clinical
      situations. 5) Nebulization, if not excessive, was acceptable if the expired gas
      was measured at the mouth. 6) Hot-wire burning, which occurred when it was
      partially in contact with materials whose specific heat differed with air, was
      successfully protected with a simple shutoff circuit. 7) The possibility of
      producing nitrogen oxides by the catalytic action of the platinum hot-wire was
      denied by colorimetric determination. Interchangeability and sterilizability of
      transducers and improved mechanical strength with platinum-rhodium alloy are also
      discussed.

PMID- 159887
TI  - Effect of Sindbis birus infection on survival of mice in the cold.
AB  - Mice infected with 10(9) plaque-forming units (PFU) of Sindbis virus 9 h prior to
      exposure to cold (5 degrees C) died more rapidly after entering the new
      environment than saline-injected control mice. The early deaths occurred in
      animals singly housed without bedding and only when food was withheld. Because
      deaths could be prevented by providing the infected animals with food, it was
      concluded that metabolic alteractions resulting from the virus infection were
      responsible for the deaths. As evidence, corticosteroid-inducible hepatic enzymes
      did not respond to hydrocortisone administration in virus-infected mice housed at
      5 degrees C. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) (EC 4.1.1.32) was induced
      significantly in control mice held at 5 degrees C for 5 h, but failed to induce
      in infected mice in the cold. Tryptophan oxygenase (TO) (EC 1.13.11.11) activity
      was also induced in control mice at 5 degrees C, but was too low to be measured
      in livers of all infected mice including those exposed to cold. The conclusion
      that Sindbis virus-infected mice were unable to make the metabolic adjustments
      required for survival at 5 degrees C was further indicated by severe hypoglycemia
      and rapid drop in rectal temperature that occurred in infected mice after 5 h in
      the cold.

PMID- 159888
TI  - Ultrastructural features of the neuromuscular spindle in the dystrophic mouse.

PMID- 159889
TI  - Mechanism of action of monoketo-organomycin, cystaurimycin and their performic
      acid-oxidized modifications. II. Inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase activity in
      Aspergillus nidulans and identification of the performic acid-oxidized
      modifications-binding protein.

PMID- 159890
TI  - Felty's syndrome.

PMID- 159891
TI  - Case history of acute schizophrenia.

PMID- 159892
TI  - Medical Grand Rounds: Vasculitis.

PMID- 159893
TI  - Pediatric review: Transient diabetes mellitus secondary to diphenylhydantoin
      intoxication.

PMID- 159894
TI  - Growth plate fractures at the knee and ankle.

PMID- 159895
TI  - Myocardial infarction.

PMID- 159896
TI  - Clinical application of the auditory averaged electroencephalic response (AER).

PMID- 159897
TI  - Withdrawal symptoms from combined alcohol and minor tranquilizer intake.

PMID- 159898
TI  - Pediatric review: management of the patient with suspect immune deficiency.

PMID- 159899
TI  - Megalodactylism--macrodactylism--local giantism of digits.

PMID- 159900
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month (AV block).

PMID- 159901
TI  - Short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis.

PMID- 159902
TI  - Endorphins.

PMID- 159903
TI  - Myosin from striated adductor muscle of Chlamys nipponensis akazara.
AB  - Myosin was isolated from striated adductor muscle of Akazara shell-fish, and
      purified on DEAE-Sephadex A50. The sedimentation constant (s 20,2 0 W) and the
      intrinsic viscosity, [eta] of Akazara myosin thus purified were estimated to be
      6.6 S and 2.10 dl/g, respectively. In many respects, Akazara myosin was similar
      to scallop myosin. (1) Only one size of light-chain component (17,000 daltons)
      was detectable in SDS-gel electrophoresis of Akazara myosin, but two types of
      light-chain component were seen in urea-gel electrophoresis; these were
      equivalent to EDTA-light chain and SH-light chain of scallop myosin. The molar
      ratio of heavy chain (206,000 daltons), EDTA-light chain, and SH-light chain in
      Akazara myosin was estimated, from the staining densities of gel-electrophoretic
      bands, to be approximately 1 : 1 : 1. (2) EDTA-washing procedure removed EDTA
      light chain only, causing desensitization of Akazara myosin. EDTA-light chain
      isolated from Akazara myofibrils was able to resensitize EDTA-washed Akazara
      myosin. Akazara myosin, however, was found to be different from scallop myosin in
      two important properties: (1) complete removal of EDTA-light chains was required
      to achieve a complete loss of calcium sensitivity, and full resensitization was
      attained on recombination of EDTA-light chains with desensitized myosin prepared
      essentially free from EDTA-light chains. (2) EDTA-light chains isolated from
      Akazara myofibrils show a calcium-induced UV absorption difference spectrum.

PMID- 159904
TI  - Reversible effects of fatty acids on respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, and
      heat production of rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - 1. Oleic acid at low concentrations (0--70 nmol/mg protein) stimulated
      mitochondrial state 4 respiration 4-fold, increased the apparent enthalpy change
      of the respiration per gram atom of oxygen consumed from -112 to -208 kJ/O and
      completely inhibited ATP synthesis without significant effect on the Mg-ATPase
      activity of mitochondria. 2. Similar effects on mitochondrial respiratory
      activities were observed with other fatty acids. 3. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)
      protected mitochondria from the effects of oleic acid irrespective of the order
      of addition of oleic acid and BSA to mitochondria. The capacity of BSA to bind
      oleic acid was calculated to be 3.6--7.1 (mean, 4.9) mol of oleic acid/mol of
      BSA. 4. The response time of mitochondrial respiration to added oleic acid or BSA
      was 20--25 s.

PMID- 159905
TI  - Modification of cardiac and smooth muscle myosins with 2,4,6
      trinitrobenzenesulfonate. Evidence for differences in structure around the active
      sites of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle myosin ATPase.
AB  - Myosins purified from cardiac (porcine heart) and smooth (chicken gizzard)
      muscles were modified with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS) and the effects
      on the kinetic properties of myosin ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] were studied. The
      following results were obtained. 1. About 0.5 mol of TNBS per mol of myosin head
      was incorporated rapidly, irrespective of the presence of PP1 (2mM), into both
      types of myosin studied. 2. The size of the initial burst of P1 liberation for
      both myosins was found to be 0.5--0.6 mol/mol head. 3. The rapid incorporation of
      TNBS into cardiac muscle myosin was accompanied by a rapid decrease in the size
      of the initial P1 burst, and it was completely lost after modification for 20
      min. However, smooth muscle myosin retained its P1 burst. 4. The EDTA (K+)-ATPase
      activity of both myosins modified in the presence or absence of PP1 decreased
      sharply with incorporation of TNBS. 5. Superprecipitation and ATPase activity of
      reconstituted actomyosin from cardiac myosin and skeletal F-actin decreased only
      after 10 min of modification with TNBS in the absence of PP1. 6. The spectra of
      TNP bound to myosins from cardiac and smooth muscles were unchanged by the
      addition of PP1. The above findings are compared with those previously obtained
      for skeletal muscle myosin [Miyanishi, T., Inoue, A., & Tonomura, Y. (1979) J.
      Biochem. 85, 747--753], and the structural and functional differences among the
      myosins derived from skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles are discussed.

PMID- 159906
TI  - In vitro and in vivo evaluations of dacron velour and knit prostheses.
AB  - Dacron velour and knit prostheses were compared with respect to long-term patency
      when used as canine aortic implants. These grafts were rated, according to the
      average numerical value of six equally weighted criteria, in decreasing order of
      performance: velour I, velour II, circular knit III, velour IV, circular knit V,
      warp-knit VI, warp-knit VII and VIII, warp-knit IX and warp-knit X. In general,
      compacting and crimping methods using halogenated hydrocarbons produced the least
      successful grafts. Grafts of identical brand but compacted and crimped by
      different methods exhibited different patencies. No true healing of the grafts
      was observed. Layered deposits of inner fibrous capsule were formed at rates and
      thicknesses characteristic for each type of graft employed. A functioning Dacron
      femoral-popliteal bypass removed from a human after 9 months exhibited inner and
      outer fibrous capsules similar to those from canine implants.

PMID- 159907
TI  - Requirement of Zn to demonstrate HCO3-stimulated ATPase activity of rat small
      intestinal brush border.
AB  - The existence of a membrane-bound HCO3-stimulated ATPase in intestinal mucosa is
      controversial. A crude brush border fraction of rat small intestinal homogenates
      contained HCO3-ATPase activity which was inhibited by preincubation with 3 mM
      EDTA. Alkaline phosphatase activity of this preparation was also inhibited in a
      parallel, time-dependent fashion by preincubation with EDTA. When 5 mM ZnSO4
      accompanied 3 mM EDTA in the preincubation mix, preservation of both enzyme
      activities occurred, demonstrating a requirement of Zn for the activity of both
      these phosphatases. These studies support the earlier contention that HCO3-ATPase
      and alkaline phosphatase activities may be different properties of the same
      enzyme, and raise the possibility that the ATPase could play a role in intestinal
      ion transport. The failure to identify a membrane-bound HCO3-ATPase by other
      workers could be due to the exposure of EDTA which occurred in their tissue
      preparation.

PMID- 159908
TI  - alpha-Amanitin and 5-fluorouridine inhibition of serum-stimulated DNA synthesis
      in quiescent AKR-2B mouse embryo cells.
AB  - AKR-2B mouse embryo cells undergoing the serum-stimulated transition from a
      quiescent to a proliferating state exhibit an increase in the rate of hnRNA
      synthesis which appears to be mediated through an increase in the actual number
      of RNA polymerase II molecules. alpha-Amanitin, administered early in the
      prereplication interval following stimulation, effectively inhibits hnRNA
      synthesis, polysomal mRNA accumulation, polyribosome formation, and subsequent
      DNA synthesis, and cell division. Unexpectedly, alpha-amanitin treatment also
      produces almost complete inhibition of the synthesis of 45S rRNA precursor and
      the increase in accumulation of cytoplasmic rRNA following serum stimulation. In
      order to determine whether the inhibition of new ribosomal synthesis might in
      itself be sufficient to prevent serum-stimulated DNA synthesis, the effects of 5
      fluorouridine (5-FU), a specific inhibitor of 45S rRNA processing, were
      investigated. If added within eight hours following serum stimulation, 5-FU was
      found to completely inhibit subsequent DNA synthesis. These results suggest that
      quiescent AKR-2B cells do not contain a sufficient excess of ribosomes to support
      the synthesis of proteins which are required for DNA synthesis in response to
      serum growth factors. Furthermore, an early polymerase II mediated synthesis of
      mRNA(s) coding for some factor(s) necessary for ribosomal gene transcription may
      be an essential step in the serum-stimulated synthesis of new ribosomes.

PMID- 159909
TI  - Two-plated tapping performance by Down's syndrome and non-Down's syndrome
      retardates.

PMID- 159910
TI  - Predicting pain treatment results by personality variables in organic and
      functional patients.
AB  - Recent literature has suggested that the traditional dichotomy of organic vs.
      functional classification for pain patients is unimportant in determining the
      role of personality variables in predicting treatment outcome. The present study
      examined the role of MMPI variables in predicting treatment outcome in pain
      patients with definitive physical disorders (N = 58) (organic) and in patients
      without definitive physical findings (N = 46) (functional). In the organic group,
      the presence of high Hs was associated with poor outcome, while in the functional
      group K scores were associated with poor outcome. Results suggested that although
      personality variables played an equal role in both groups, the nature of that
      contribution may vary in the functional and organic groups.

PMID- 159911
TI  - Circulating and deposited immune complexes in renal disease and their clinical
      correlation.
AB  - In 48 patients undergoing renal biopsy there was a strong correlation (chi 2
      11.45 (P less than 0.01)) between the demonstration of circulating and deposited
      immune complexes. Serial studies of circulating immune complex levels have shown
      fluctuations which only sometimes appear to coincide with clinical changes in
      individual patients.

PMID- 159913
TI  - The allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome.
AB  - Hypersensitivity reactions to allopurinol, a drug commonly used in the treatment
      of hyperuricemia, are being reported with increasing frequency. Of thirty-eight
      patients reviewed herein (including seven from our hospital and thirty-one from a
      review of the literature), ten deaths (26%) were related to complications of
      allopurinol hypersensitivity. Preexisting renal disease was present in 97% of
      patients, and, in the majority of these, the dosage of allopurinol was not
      reduced despite instructions contained in the package insert for this drug. At
      least 78% of patients were taking a thiazide diuretic prior to starting
      allopurinol therapy. Over 60% of patients had received allopurinol for
      asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Hallmarks of this hypersensitivity syndrome include a
      prolonged illness initially manifested by fever, a prominent cutaneous reaction,
      eosinophilia, hepatic abnormalities, and acute renal failure. Other involvement
      such as gastrointestinal bleeding is common. The mechanism of the
      hypersensitivity reaction is not clear, but it may represent an immune complex
      disease prolonged by the persistence of a currently undefined antigen. Treatment
      with systemic corticosteroids, often for several months, is usually necessary for
      the gradual resolution of this potentially fatal syndrome.

PMID- 159912
TI  - Gold therapy: dermatologic uses and toxicities.

PMID- 159914
TI  - Predictors of the coping behavior of mothers of handicapped children.

PMID- 159916
TI  - Undergraduate clinical pedodontic education: an overview of two teaching systems.
AB  - This paper compares and contrasts two clinical teaching systems in undergraduate
      pedodontics: the block system and the total patient care system (TPC).
      Descriptions and rationales are given for specific block and TPC systems at two
      universities. Theoretical advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. Clinical
      data are presented that represent experiences of the graduating classes of 1978
      at The University of Iowa (block) and the University of North Carolina (TPC).
      From this limited sample there appears to be little quantitative evidence that
      one system is better than the other when examining clinical experiences in the
      two schools studied.

PMID- 159915
TI  - Statistical relationship of morsal to bucco-lingual, approximal and sulcal caries
      in rats.
AB  - The correlation of morsal with sulcal, bucco-lingual and approximal caries scores
      of rats was compared. The morsal with bucco-lingual plus approximal correlation
      was significantly better than the morsal with sulcal correlation. When reporting
      rat caries, sulcal scores should be reported alone; morsal scores should be
      grouped with bucco-lingual and approximal to demonstrate total smooth surface
      lesions.

PMID- 159918
TI  - Indiana unit carries dental education, health to patient.

PMID- 159917
TI  - Encoding voice fundamental frequency into vibrotactile frequency.
AB  - Measured in this study was the ability of eight hearing and five deaf subjects to
      identify the stress pattern in a short sentence from the variation in voice
      fundamental frequency (F0), when presented aurally (for hearing subjects) and
      when transformed into vibrotactile pulse frequency. Various transformations from
      F0 to pulse frequency were tested in an attempt to determine an optimum
      transformation, the amount of F0 information that could be transmitted, and what
      the limitations in the tactile channel might be. The results indicated that a one
      or two-octave reduction of F0 vibrotactile frequency (transmitting every second
      or third glottal pulse) might result in a significant ability to discriminate the
      intonation patterns associated with moderate-to-strong patterns of sentence
      stress in English. However, accurate reception of the details of the intonation
      pattern may require a slower than normal pronounciation because of an apparent
      temporal indeterminacy of about 200 ms in the perception of variations in
      vibrotactile frequency. A performance deficit noted for the two prelingually,
      profoundly deaf subjects with marginally discriminable encodings offers some
      support for our previous hypothesis that there is a natural association between
      auditory pitch and perceived vibrotactile frequency.

PMID- 159919
TI  - Suppressor T cells in human allergic disease.

PMID- 159920
TI  - Nonspecific suppressor cell function in atopic subjects.
AB  - The status of concanavalin A (Con A)--nonspecific suppressor cell function and
      histamine-receptor--carrying mononuclear cells in 19 allergic and 27 nonallergic
      individuals was investigated. No differences were detected between the two groups
      with respect to suppression by Con A--activated suppressor cells of polyvalent Ig
      biosynthesis, IgG secretion, or mitogen-induced proliferative responses.
      Histamine-receptor--carrying cells of the allergic subjects were numerically
      equal to those of the nonallergic subjects. Mononuclear cells from the allergic
      group, however, required a higher dose of histamine than did those for the
      nonallergic group to induce suppression in vitro (p less than 0.02 for 10(-4) M
      histamine and p less than 0.05 for 10(-3) M histamine). Plasma from the allergic
      group  contained higher levels of histamine activity (p less than 0.05). Plasma
      from either allergic or normal groups did not affect histamine activity in vitro.
      There are no apparent functional abnormalities of antigen-nonspecific mononuclear
      cells in the allergic patients with respect to non--IgE-mediated in vitro
      parameters. The demonstrated dysfunction of histamine-receptor--carrying cells
      could be attributed to high levels of circulating histamine that could result in
      receptor modulation in vivo. More work is needed to clarify the status of antigen
      nonspecific and antigen-specific suppressor cells that regulate IgE biosynthesis
      in allergic states.

PMID- 159921
TI  - Topical fluorouracil therapy for precancers and cancers of the skin.
AB  - Topical fluorouracil (FU) is an extremely effective agent for treating multiple
      actinic keratoses. It is also of value in the treatment of Bowen's disease,
      actinic cheilitis, arsenical keratoses, radiodermatitis, X-ray-induced keratoses,
      leukoplakia, and the erythroplasia of Queyrat. Topical FU may be successful in
      the treatment of superficial basal-cell carcinomas, but should not be used for
      nodular carcinomas of the face or neck except under unusual circumstances and
      with mandatory histologic follow-up evaluation. The usual method of treatment is
      twice daily application of a 1 percent FU solution in propylene glycol. Several
      modifications of various types of commonly employed preparations and the manner
      in which each is used are described, along with the respective indications. The
      considerable discomfort associated with the use of topical FU can be lessened by
      the stepwise approach outlined--a method extraordinarily valuable for older
      patients. Occasional complications are primary irritant dermatitis and allergic
      contact dermatitis; these must be recognized promptly and treated, as must other
      less frequent side effects. Topical FU appears to be of great value in the
      destruction of existing precancerous skin lesions. When used repeatedly, it may
      postpone indefinitely the development of significant precancerous and cancerous
      skin lesions.

PMID- 159922
TI  - The effects of estrogen treatment of carcinoma of the prostate on regional
      adipocyte size.
AB  - Fat cell size was determined in the gluteal, femoral and hypogastric regions of
      subcutaneous adipose tissue in men with carcinoma of the prostate before and
      after 5--6 months of estrogen treatment. Body weight and several metabolic
      variables did not change. Gluteal fat cell size increased. It was suggested that
      increase of the gluteal fat cell size is a characteristic effect of estrogens on
      adipose tissue because a similar increase has been previously found in young
      women in comparison with young men.

PMID- 159923
TI  - Biomechanical evaluation of metacarpophalangeal joint prosthesis designs.
AB  - A laboratory biomechanical analysis of metacarpophalangeal joint prosthesis
      designs was done with fresh cadaver finger rays. The center of rotation, range of
      motion, tendon excursion, and fingertip force were determined on the specimens
      before and after implanting Swanson, Niebauer, Steffee II, St. Georg-Buchholz,
      Schultz, and modified Strickland prostheses. Their biomechanical behavior varied
      considerably and none duplicated the normal metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint. Each
      has design characteristics that may be clinically advantageous as well as
      disadvantageous. Irrespective of the design, the studies done cannot be divorced
      from the following factors: (1) implant material properties--silicone rubber
      implants buckled with tendon loading; this deformity created a significant flexor
      mechanical advantage and an extensor mechanical disadvantage; (2) implant
      fixation--freely movable implant stems dampened part of the applied load; braided
      suture provided inadequate immediate fixation; (3) implantation technique--the
      articulated prostheses can be technically unforgiving; errors in technique
      resulted in alteration of their biomechanical behavior.

PMID- 159924
TI  - Staphylococcal sepsis in a burns unit.
AB  - An outbreak of staphylococcal sepsis in a burns unit occurred between January
      1976 and May 1978. Many patients and members of staff had boils, and a number of
      patients also developed septicaemia. Most of the boils in the early period of the
      trial and a large proportion of boils in patients during the later period yielded
      Staphylococcus aureus resistant to penicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin only
      (PTE), and were shown to be of phage type 95 in the early period while strains
      were phage typed. From blood cultures, most strains in the early period were of
      resistance pattern PTE and phage type 95, but in the later period other
      resistance patterns were predominant. Strains from burns were usually
      multiresistant (PTEKNML) and of the phage pattern 29/77, which had been endemic
      in the Unit, but during the early period of the outbreak there was an increased
      proportion of strains in burns with the resistance pattern PTE and of phage type
      95. Staphylococcal sepsis has for many years been very infrequent in the burns
      unit. This outbreak seems to have been initiated by a strain of phage type 95 and
      resistance pattern PTE, but during the course of the outbreak the endemic strain
      of type 29/77 and some other staphylococci seem to have developed enhanced
      ability to cause clinical infections, conceivably by transduction from the
      epidemic strain of phage type 95.

PMID- 159925
TI  - Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus carriage and skin infection rates in hospital
      and office employees.
AB  - The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose, throat and superficial wound
      infections of 99 office staff, 129 psychiatry staff and 115 surgical staff was
      studied over a 4-week period with the purpose of assessing the potential risk to
      hospital personnel of staphylococcal infection. Incidence rates, both average and
      cumulative, were essentially similar in the three groups but certain differences
      in the ecology of the staphylococcal phage groups were observed. Surgical staff
      appeared to have a more labile pattern of carriage. As in other Scandinavian
      studies throat carriage rates were high. Staphylococcal carriage seems largely to
      depend on individual characteristics rather than environmental factors.

PMID- 159926
TI  - A microculture technique for rat lymphocyte transformation.
AB  - We report the development of an economical microculture technique suitable for
      measuring rat lymphocyte response to mitogens and in mixed lymphocyte reactions.
      The effects of varying culture conditions, i.e. source of serum, addition and
      concentration of 2-mercaptoethanol, mitogen concentrations, culture incubation
      times, absorption of serum, lymphocyte numbers and microtitre plate well shape
      are described.

PMID- 159927
TI  - A newly designed whole microplate automatic harvester for lymphocyte stimulation
      assays.
AB  - A unique automated sampling manifold designed to recover cells grown in standard
      96 well microplates from their culture medium is described. Cells are recovered
      and washed on fiber glass filter discs. Incorporation of radioisotopes into
      cells, can then be measured by appropriate counting of the filter discs. Typical
      applications include termination of mixed lymphocyte cultures, assays of mitogen
      stimulation of lymphocytes and antigen-specific lymphocyte transformation and
      assays of interferon activity. The harvester can also be used in other biological
      systems where collection and washing of precipitates is desired.

PMID- 159928
TI  - Mitogen-induced suppressor T cell activity in the in vitro cellular immune
      response.
AB  - A 24 h preincubation of human peripheral lymphocytes (PBL) in the presence of
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con. A) renders them suppressive for
      the response of untreated cells to PHA, Con. A, candidin and allogeneic cells.
      However, cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) show no suppression.

PMID- 159929
TI  - Exfoliative dermatitis due to practolol.

PMID- 159930
TI  - Laparoscopy--a diagnostic aid.

PMID- 159931
TI  - How to say it: terminal illness, untimely death, congenital problem, handicap.

PMID- 159932
TI  - Genetic counseling for Huntington's disease in Iowa.

PMID- 159933
TI  - Recent changes in workers' compensation laws.

PMID- 159934
TI  - Manual materials handling: the cause of over-exertion injury and illness in
      industry.
AB  - It is reported from various sources that overexertion due to lifting, pushing,
      pulling, and carrying objects accounts for about 27 percent of all compensable
      industrial injury and illness in the United States. Resulting strain/sprain
      injuries account for over 50 percent of workmen's compensation clams in many
      industries. Almont two-thirds of these involve back pain, with reported
      compensation and medical payments totaling well over one billion dollars annually
      in the U.S. An estimated 300,000 plus workers will be affected each year, 5 to 10
      percent of whom will have a permanent disability and often will be unemployable.
      This paper attempts to describe four basic approaches used to study this
      occupational health problem. In so doing, a concerted effort is made to identifiy
      the gaps in knowledge which need to be more fully researched. The approaches
      utilized to understand and control the hazards of manual materials handling are:
      1) epidemiological studies of job and worker attributes to identify those that
      individually and in combination cause musculoskeletal incidents, 2)
      psychophysical studies to ascertain the volitional tolerance of workers to the
      stress mitigated by manual materials-handling activities, 3) biomechanical
      studies of the musculoskeletal system during common exertions required in manual
      materials-handling activities, and 4) physiological studies of the strain imposed
      on the cardiovascular system during repeated load-handling activities. The state
      of knowledge from each of these approaches is summarized briefly, and a case is
      made that much research is still needed to substantiate the necessary controls to
      lessen the economic burden and human suffering associated with manual materials
      handling acts in industry.

PMID- 159935
TI  - Immune responses during pregnancy. Evidence of suppressor cells for splenic
      antibody response.
AB  - The primary IgM antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in vivo as well as in
      vitro is markedly decreased in the spleen cells of pregnant mice, compared to age
      matched female controls. Decreased antibody synthesis appears to be mediated by
      nonspecific suppressor cells, because the addition of pregnant spleen cells to
      the normal spleen cell cultures causes a significant suppression of plaque
      forming-cell responses of the normal spleen cells. Suppressor cell activity was
      not observed in lymph nodes of pregnant mice. At least two populations of
      pregnant spleen cells were shown to exert a suppressor cell activity; one is T
      lymphocytes and the other a nylon-adherent cell present in the B-cell-enriched
      macrophage-depleted fraction. Pregnant spleen cells cultured in vitro were shown
      to secrete a soluble suppressive factor(s) into the supernatant medium.

PMID- 159936
TI  - Suppression of idiotype and generation of suppressor T cells with idiotype
      conjugated thymocytes.
AB  - Inoculation of A/J mice with syngeneic thymocytes conjugated with specifically
      purified A/J anti-phenylarsonate (anti-Ar) antibodies, selectively suppressed the
      subsequent synthesis of those anti-Ar antibodies which carry the major cross
      reactive idiotype. High titers of anti-Ar antibodies were produced upon
      subsequent immunization but in most mice the idiotype was undetectable.
      Suppression similarly occurred in F1(A/J X BALB/c) and in C.AL-20 mice. Although
      some mice were suppressed when unconjugated antibody was injected, the
      suppressive effect was much more pronounced, particularly in the F1 and C.AL-20
      recipients, when the antibody was coupled to thymocytes. The state of suppression
      could be adoptively transferred with T cells to mildly irradiated syngeneic
      recipients. A population enriched for B cells had little if any suppressive
      effect. There was no requirement for antigen in the generation of suppressors.
      Thymocytes conjugated with antibody did not induce idiotype-specific suppression
      in mice that had been recently challenged with antigen. Thymocytes from BALB/c
      and C57BL/10 mice were effective carriers for the anti-Ar antibodies, i.e., there
      was no evidence for H-2 restriction. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility
      of suppressing idiotype production and generating idiotype-specific suppressor T
      cells without the use of anti-idiotypic antibody or antigen.

PMID- 159937
TI  - B6.C-H-2bm12. A new H-2 mutation in the I region in the mouse.
AB  - The B6.C-H-2bm12 mutant is described and evidence is presented for the mutational
      site occurring in the IA subregion. The mutant is of the gain and loss type as
      bm12 in equilibrium or formed from C57BL/6 grafts are rejected in 14-16 d.
      Mapping studies by the gene-complementation method using H-2 recombinant strains
      place the mutation in the K or IA regions of the H-2 complex and furthermore, the
      use of this test and the use of other H-2 mutants indicate that H-2Kb is not the
      site of the mutation, making the IA region the most likely site. Serological
      analysis with a battery of H-2b, Iab, and other Ia sera, both by cytotoxicity,
      rosetting, and also by absorption analysis, indicated no alteration in H-2
      specificities, particularly in H-2.K33. By contrast, all of the Iab specificities
      coded for by the IA subregion (Ia.3, 8, 9, 15, and possibly 20) are extensively
      altered and are either absent or greatly reduced in amount indicating an
      extensive alteration in the Ia-bearing molecule. The bm12 mutant strongly
      stimulates the parental C57BL/6 strain in an mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and
      the reciprocal also occurs, the degree of stimulation being similar to that
      obtained with K + IA differences originating in another H-2 haplotype and points
      to the mutation effecting the Lad-1 locus. The presence of an extensive
      histocompatibility change, a marked alteration in the serologically detected Ia
      specificities, and a strong MLR, all produced by the one mutation, provides
      strong evidence for the identity of the Ia-1, Lad-1, and H-2(IA) loci in the IA
      subregion. The bm12 mutant should be of value in determining the relationship of
      Ia specificities, Ir genes, and other phenomena effected by the I region.

PMID- 159938
TI  - Ontogeny of culture-generated suppressor cells.
AB  - Culture of murine lymphoid cells without added antigen results in the generation
      of cells which suppress a variety of in vitro immune responses, such as the mixed
      lymphocyte response (MLR) and the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells
      (CTL). The ontogeny of this phenomenon was studied. Cells which suppressed the
      MLR after preculture were isolated from spleens and hematopoietic livers of fetal
      and young (less than 1 wk old) mice. On the other hand, the generation of
      alloreactive CTL could be suppressed only by precultured spleen cells taken from
      1-w-old or older mice. The parallel between the development of the suppressor
      functions and the maturation of the responses they regulate, suggests a possible
      biological significance of the effect.

PMID- 159939
TI  - The receptor specificity of alloreactive T cells. Distinction between stimulator
      K, I, and D region products and degeneracy of third-party H-2 recognition by low
      affinity T cells.
AB  - The specificity of binding of stimulator-derived H-2 antigens by mixed lymphocyte
      culture (MLC)-activated T blasts was investigated under conditions of antigen
      excess. We have shown that the detectable proportion of alloantigen-binding
      blasts from primary MLC is a function of antigen concentration, and can represent
      up to more than 90 percent of total blasts, when the antigen is presented in the
      appropriate form (on mitomycin-treated viable stimulator cells, or membrane
      vesicles prepared from lipopolysaccharide blasts), and at nonlimiting
      concentration. Thus stimulator alloantigen-binding directly parallels the
      proliferative response and is not restricted to a subpopulation of T blasts.
      However, the marked dependence of the binding on antigen concentration indicates
      that cells with a wide range of receptor affinities for the stimulating
      determinants are involved. In view of this possibility, the specificity of
      binding by these cells was studied. We have demonstrated that stimulator K, I,
      and D region products are bound by nonoverlapping subpopulations of blasts, the
      sum of which may represent 93 percent of total blasts. Thus, specific distinction
      by these cells between different H-2 region products is not affected by the
      putative heterogeneity in terms of receptor affinities. However, specificity with
      respect to unrelated H-2 haplotypes is strictly dependent on antigen
      concentration. A preferential binding of stimulator membrane vesicles occurs at
      limiting concentrations; whereas the majority of blasts bind stimulator and third
      party vesicles equally well at high vesicle concentrations. The binding of both
      vesicle types is specific in that it can be inhibited with the relevant anti-H-2
      sera. Furthermore, stimulator and third-party vesicles seem to compete for
      binding sites on the same cells, as shown by cold antigen inhibition. From these
      results, we propose that there is an imperfect distinction between stimulator and
      third-party H-2 antigens by the majority of primary MLC blasts. In contrast,
      highly selected long-term MLC blasts do not bind third-party H-2 antigens at any
      concentration, and seem to have high affinity for the stimulating antigens. We
      conclude that large numbers of clones with low-affinity (cross- reactive)
      receptors are generated in primary MLC, most of which become eliminated during
      long-term selection. This implies that the frequency of cells strictly specific
      for nonshared stimulating determinants must be minute.

PMID- 159940
TI  - T-suppressor cells sensitive to cyclophosphamide and to its in vitro active
      derivative 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide control the mitogenic response of murine
      splenic B cells to dextran sulfate. A direct proof for different sensitivities of
      lymphocyte subsets to cyclophosphamide.
AB  - As measured by [(3)H]thymidine uptake, spleen cells of mice injected 7 d
      previously with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) (125 mg x kg (-1)) gave an
      enhanced response to dextran sulfate (DS), a diminished response to
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a normal response to concanavalin A. Addition of
      syngeneic thymocytes to spleen cells inhibited the enhanced response of the cells
      to DS and slightly enhanced their response to LPS. Pretreatment of thymocytes by
      4-hydroxyperoxycyclophosphamide (4HP-Cy) in vitro (an in vitro active derivative
      of Cy) abrogated the effect of thymocytes on the DS response but not on the LPS
      response. Pretreatment of spleen cells by small doses of 4HP-Cy (0.1-1.0 mug. ml(
      1)) in vitro enhanced the capacity of the cells to respond to DS but either did
      not affect, or even diminished their capacity to respond to LPS. The enhancement
      of the DS response by 4HP-Cy treatment could not be detected using spleen cells
      depleted of T cells or lacking functioning T cells. 4HP-Cy doses more than 3 mug
      ml(-1) diminished or abolished the capacity of the spleen cells to respond to LPS
      as well as their capacity to respond to DS. The results show (a) that in contrast
      to the LPS-reactive B-lymphocyte subset, the proliferative capacity of DS
      reactive subset is negatively controlled by a Cy- and 4HP-Cy-sensitive T-cell
      subset and (b) that these T- suppressor cells are more sensitive to Cy and 4HP-Cy
      (to their respective active alkylating metabolites) than B lymphocytes and T
      cells carrying other immunological functions.

PMID- 159941
TI  - DNA-mediated genetic changes in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Evidence for genetic transformation in Neurospora crassa is based on the
      observations that allo-DNA has a specific effect in producing transformants which
      is abolished by DNAase treatment and that iso-DNA is not effective in
      transformation. Here, unambiguous evidence for genetic transformation is provided
      by transfer of a temperature-sensitive inositol requirement from a donor to a
      recipient strain. Data provided also suggest the role of growth conditions and
      the involvement of a nuclease gene in the DNA uptake and transformation of N.
      crassa.

PMID- 159942
TI  - Demonstration of intracellular growth of gonococci in human phagocytes using
      spectinomycin to kill extracellular organisms.
AB  - The use of spectinomycin to kill extracellular bacterial in phagocytosis tests
      with gonococci and human polymorphonuclear phagocytes allowed the demonstration
      of a greater degree of intracellular survival and growth than in previous tests
      using penicillin.

PMID- 159943
TI  - Sweden's new occupational health law: the impact on occupational physicians.

PMID- 159944
TI  - Prognostic factors in omphalocele and gastroschisis.
AB  - Size of the abdominal wall defect, viscera exposed or herniated, birth weight,
      associated medical conditions and congenital anomalies, mode and complications of
      treatment, and the use of total parenteral alimentation was reviewed in 79 cases
      of omphalocele and 44 cases of gastroschisis treated in the past 10 yr. Sixty
      seven percent of infants with omphalocele and 73% of those with gastroschisis
      survived. In omphalocele, the most important factors affecting mortality were the
      presence of other associated abnormalities and low birth weight. The size of the
      abdominal wall defect, the viscera herniated, and the mode of treatment did not
      appear to affect mortality. In gastroschisis, the size of the abdominal defect,
      birth weight, viscera exposed or herniated, and associated anomalies were not
      significant factors affecting mortality. Mortality was usually secondary to
      intestinal or wound complications. Statistical analysis could not prove that
      primary repair resulted in greater survival than the use of a silon pouch, but
      analysis of complications clearly indicates that the former method is preferable
      and that silon pouch should be reserved for cases in which primary repair is not
      possible.

PMID- 159945
TI  - Effects of endurance training on muscle fibre ATP-ase activity, capillary supply
      and mitochondrial content in man.
AB  - Seven young females were subjected to 24 weeks of intensive endurance training.
      Adaptive changes in myofibrillary ATP-ase activity, capillary supply and
      mitochondrial content were investigated with light- and electron microscopy in
      needle biopsies from the quadriceps femoris. 1. The average value for the maximal
      oxygen uptake increased from 45.7 to 57.2 (ml . kg-1 min-1) (25.2%, P less than
      0.005). 2. The average number of capillaries per muscle fibre increased from 1.39
      to 1.79 (28.8%, P less than 0.005). Since no significant change in fibre area was
      found, this suggests that a considerable number of new capillaries have been
      formed during the training period. 3. An increased capillary supply of all fibre
      types was found, being greatest for type I and smallest for type IIB. 4. The
      relative amount of type I fibres before and after the training period was 57.9
      and 56.5% respectively (n.s.), for type IIA fibres 26.4 and 31.5% (P less than
      0.005), for type IIB fibres 9.2 and 3.4% (P less than 0.005) and for type IIC
      fibres 0.4 and 2.2% (P less than 0.005). Thus, in the type II group, significant
      changes in subtypes take place during the endurance training. The data suggest
      that type IIAB may represent a transitional state between type IIA and IIB. 5.
      Correlation of capillary supply, myofibrillar ATP-ase activity and mitochondrial
      content (determined semiquantitatively of individual muscle fibres indicators
      that the capillary supply to a given fibre is more closely related to its
      mitochondrial content than to the fibre type as determined on the basis of
      myofibrillar ATP-ase activity.

PMID- 159947
TI  - On the regional histology and histochemistry of the epididymis of the camel
      (Camelus dromedarius).
AB  - Distinct morphological regions, initial, middle and terminal segments, were
      distinguishable histologically; the middle segment was further subdivided into
      proximal, intermediated and distal parts. PAS-positive, diastase-resistant
      reaction was detected in the blood vessels, subepithelial tissue and stereocilia
      of all segments. Acid phosphatase was demonstrated in the epithelial cells with
      the highest activity being in the proximal part of the middle segment. Non
      specific esterase gave a similar reaction but the strongest activity was in the
      terminal segment. Alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and adenosine
      monophosphatase were of similar activity in the subepithelial tissue, blood
      vessels, stereocilia and luminal contents; the strongest reaction occurred in the
      middle segment. Lactate, succinate, glutamate and glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenases were examined; LDH was more active than the others particularly in
      the terminal segment. Some reaction was found in the epithelial cells,
      subepithelial tissue and luminal contents.

PMID- 159946
TI  - The responses of primary spindle afferents to fusimotor stimulation at constant
      and abruptly changing rates.
AB  - 1. Single fusimotor fibres to de-efferented soleus of the cat were stimulated to
      investigate the size and time course of the responses elicited in single primary
      spindle afferents. The muscle was kept at constant length close to the
      physiological maximum. Constant and alternating rates of fusimotor stimulation
      were used: (a) repetitive stimulation at constant rate (maintained stimulation);
      (b) modulated stimulation with the rate of activation alternating between two
      constant levels at repeat frequencies between 0.09 and 2 Hz (rectangular
      stimulation). The responses were averaged and displayed as post-stimulus time
      (pst) histograms (a) or as cycle histograms (b). 2. During static fusimotor
      stimulation the pst histograms could be clearly modulated over a range of rates
      of stimulation. However, histogram modulation was not a prerequisite of static
      action since with different fibres the degree of modulation could range from
      deeply modulated to completely non-modulated to completely non-modulated. 3.
      Dynamic fusimotor stimulation was almost always accompanied by non-modulated pst
      histograms. 4. Primary spindle afferents responded to rectangular stimulation of
      either kind of fusimotor fibre with an approximately rectangular modulation of
      the rate of discharge. At the repeat frequencies studied the size of the
      responses was appreciably larger with static than with dynamic activation. It was
      assessed as 'fusimotor rate-sensitivity during alternating stimulation' by the
      response/stimulus ratio which is defined as change in firing/change in
      alternating rate of stimulation, in impulses/stimuli. The mean values of rate
      sensitivity were 1.35 impulses/stimuli (statics) and 0.29 (dynamics), with a
      static/dynamic ratio of 4.7. 5. The afferents' 'fusimotor rate-sensitivity during
      steady stimulation' (change in firing/change in maintained rate of stimulation(
      was also determined. The mean values were 0.78 (static) and 0.37 (dynamics), with
      a static/dynamic ratio of 2.1. 6. The time course of the responses to rectangular
      stimulation was of the same order of magnitude for static and dynamic fibres. It
      was assessed by fitting a single exponential to the rising and falling phase of
      cycle histograms. The mean values of the time constants for static fibres were 58
      msec (rising phase) and 59 msec (falling phase), and for dynamic fibres 34 msec
      (rising phase) and 49 msec (falling phase). The differences were statistically
      non-significant. 7. The significance of the modulation in pst histograms and the
      mechanisms and functional implications of the differences in rate-sensitivity are
      discussed. It is concluded that at constant muscle length static and dynamic
      fusimotor fibres differ significantly by the size rather than the speed of their
      action on primary spindle afferents.

PMID- 159948
TI  - The ultrasonic demonstration of fetal abnormalities in utero.
AB  - The demonstration of fetal diseases and anomalies in utero can now be performed
      with a high degree of accuracy with modern ultrasonic equipment. This paper
      describes the more common and important fetal anomalies which can be demonstrated
      by ultrasound and indicates the importance of meticulous attention to technique
      and the significance of the acquistion of skill in real-time sonography by the
      physician-sonologist. The thoroughness of all obstetric sonographic examinations
      is emphasized to enable detection of unsuspected fetal anomalies. Specific
      methods to demonstrate these anomalies in the high-risk patient are also
      described. Several pitfalls in the diagnosis of fetal disease in utero are
      included which show the nonspecificity of some of the ultrasonic signs.

PMID- 159949
TI  - Modulation of anti-thrombin and anti-fibrinolytic activities in tissue during the
      development of granulomas induced by Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 159950
TI  - Role of surface wettability in phagocytosis of Neurospora crassa spores.

PMID- 159951
TI  - Years of life lost through Down's syndrome.
AB  - A congenital genetic condition does not act either as a cause of death or at the
      time of death only. Hence, years of life lost through such a conditon cannot be
      calculated in the same way as for a conventional cause of death. The main
      difference is that a cause of death acting at age x cuts off as many years of
      life as the dead person might otherwise have expected to live (life expectancy at
      age x), whereas a congenital genetic condition exposes an affected person to a
      different schedule of life-threatening risks from birth onwards. In the latter
      case, years of life lost is calculated as the difference in life expectancy at
      birth for affected and non-affected persons. This reasoning is worked out in
      algebraic form and then applied to Down's syndrome. The data base is provided by
      two large and recent studies, one in Massachusetts and the other in Denmark, of
      mortality rates among all cases of Down's syndrome, whether in an institution or
      not, born during a given period of years or living at a given point in time in a
      fixed geographical area. So calculated, years of life lost through Down's
      syndrome relative to the United States general population in 1970 was 53.6 years
      per 1000 livebirths. Prenatal mortality is also discussed.

PMID- 159952
TI  - Anderson-Fabry disease and Down's syndrome: case report.

PMID- 159953
TI  - Children with supernumerary X-chromosome. A ten-year follow-up study of
      schoolchildren in special classes.
AB  - Pupils from special school classes affected by supernumerary X-chromosomes (eight
      girls and eighteen boys) were subjected to a follow-up study over a period of ten
      years. The risks of social behaviour disturbances, criminality and alcohol abuse
      were studied, together with that of mental disorder. In the case of the girls no
      statistically significant differences were found. For the boys, the only
      difference of statistical significance was that the Klinefelter boys showed a
      lower frequency of social behaviour disturbances that their controls.

PMID- 159954
TI  - Erythrocyte copper levels in children with trisomy 21.
AB  - Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase is a cuproprotein displaying increased activity
      in cases of trisomy 21. In this study, the three erythrocyte copper fractions
      were compared at constant serum copper levels in children with and without
      trisomy 21. The labile erythrocyte copper level was found to be identical in both
      groups of children. Total erythrocyte copper, especially the stable fraction, was
      increased in cases of trisomy 21. The approximately fifty per cent ob served
      increase correlates with the augmented superoxide dismutase activity related to
      the presence of an extra chromosome 21. Measurement of the stable erythrocyte
      copper fraction could constitute an indirect method for evaluating superoxide
      dismutase activity.

PMID- 159955
TI  - Inactivation of prophage lambda repressor in vivo.

PMID- 159956
TI  - DNA without supertwists can be an in vitro substrate for site-specific
      recombination of bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 159957
TI  - Cellular levels of the prophage lambda and 434 repressors.

PMID- 159958
TI  - Orientation-dependent recombination hotspot activity in bacteriophage lambda.

PMID- 159959
TI  - A third restriction endonuclease from Xanthomonas malvacearum.

PMID- 159960
TI  - An economic evaluation of present and proposed methods of compensating hearing
      loss.
AB  - The basis for compensation of industrial hearing loss in the Province of Ontario
      is described, and contrasted with schemes utilized in other parts of Canada,
      United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States. Changes are suggested for the
      method used to derive the percentage of permanent disability related to hearing
      loss. A randomly selected population of claimants for industrial hearing loss
      have been used to model the economic effect of such changes, which are discussed.

PMID- 159961
TI  - Filament organization and formation of microridges at the surface of fish
      epidermis.

PMID- 159963
TI  - Relief of back pain.

PMID- 159962
TI  - In vivo methylation of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA.
AB  - A mutant (designated mec(-)) has been isolated from Escherichia coli C which has
      lost DNA-cytosine methylase activity and the ability to protect phage lambda
      against in vivo restriction by the RII endonuclease. This situation is analogous
      to that observed with an E. coli K-12 mec(-) mutant; thus, the E. coli C
      methylase appears to have overlapping sequence specificity with the K-12 and RII
      enzymes; (the latter methylases have been shown previously to recognize the same
      sequence). Covalently closed, supertwisted double-standed DNA (RFI) was isolated
      from C mec(+) and C mec(-) cells infected with bacteriophage phiX174. phiX. mec(
      ) RFI is sensitive to in vitro cleavage by R.EcoRII and is cut twice to produce
      two fragments of almost equal size. In contrast, phiX.mec(+) RFI is relatively
      resistant to in vitro cleavage by R.EcoRII. R.BstI, which cleaves mec(+)/RII
      sites independent of the presence or absence of 5-methylcytosine, cleaves both
      forms of the RFI and produces two fragments similar in size to those observed
      with R. EcoRII. These results demonstrate that phiX.mec(+) RFI is methylated in
      vivo by the host mec(+) enzyme and that this methylation protects the DNA against
      cleavage by R.EcoRII. This is consistent with the known location of two mec(+)/
      RII sequences (viz., [Formula: see text]) on the phiX174 map. Mature
      singlestranded virion DNA was isolated from phiX174 propagated in C mec(+) or C
      mec(-) in the presence of l-[methyl-(3)H]methionine. Paper chromatographic
      analyses of acid hydrolysates revealed that phiX.mec(+) DNA had a 10-fold-higher
      ratio of [(3)H]5-methylcytosine to [(3)H]cytosine compared to phiX.mec(-). Since
      phiX.mec(+) contains, on the average, approximately 1 5-methylcytosine residue
      per viral DNA, we conclude that methylation of phiX174 is mediated by the host
      mec(+) enzyme only. These results are not consistent with the conclusions of
      previous reports that phiX174 methylation is mediated by a phage-induced enzyme
      and that methylation is essential for normal phage development.

PMID- 159964
TI  - [Effects of halothane upon the unit activity of the mechanoreceptive primary
      afferents (author's transl)].

PMID- 159965
TI  - [On Mr. K].

PMID- 159966
TI  - [Problems of handicapped children and primary health care - a segment of maternal
      and child health care].

PMID- 159967
TI  - [Studies of the urodynamics. 5: Urodynamic examination of lower urinary tract
      obstruction of adult male. Part 2: Bladder neck contracture (author's transl)].

PMID- 159968
TI  - [Hemodynamic disorders in primary myocardial diseases].

PMID- 159969
TI  - [Classification of acquired aortic stenosis (based on electrocardiographic study
      data)].
AB  - The article is based on the case records of 192 patients with acquired aortic
      stenosis and interpretation of the ECG of 187 patients. In this group, 143
      patients underwent operation and 8 died in the period of their examination. The
      purpose of the examination consisted in determining whether or not the ECG could
      characterize the stage of the cardiac disease. Four types of electrocardiographic
      changes of the ventricular complex characteristic of left-ventricular hypertrophy
      were distinguished. On comparing clinical and electrocardiographic findings, no
      clear dependence was revealed between the clinical manifestations of the stenosis
      and the severity of the hypertrophic process in the muscle of the left ventricle
      according to the ECG data. The information gained by means of ECG is confirmed by
      the results of pathomorphological examination. The authors suggest a clinical
      classification of acquired aortic stenosis based on the function changes in the
      left-ventricular myocardium as determined from the ECG.

PMID- 159970
TI  - [Characteristics of the effect and the effectiveness of the terrain cure in
      patients 6-12 months after a myocardial infarct].
AB  - The effect of terrain cure, the dose of which was determined by the level of
      physical tolerance, was studied in 121 patients treated according to a
      rehabilitation program on the South coast of the Crimea 6 to 12 months after
      myocardial infarction. According to the peculiarities of the clinical
      electrocardiographic and hemodynamic reactions recorded by examination during
      terrain cure, groups of patients differing in the degree of adaptation to the
      load of the cure were distinguished. This made it possible to differentiate the
      treatment and appraise its results objectively. The clinical efficacy was more
      marked in patients with relatively complete adaptation to the load experienced
      during terrain cure. The terrain cure lods, the doses of which are determined by
      the level of physical tolerance and increased step by step with due account for
      the peculiarities of the patients' reactions, are an effective physical and
      psycho-emotional factor in the complex of measures applied for rehabilitation
      after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 159971
TI  - [Detection of ischemic heart disease in performing medical examinations of
      workers over 45].

PMID- 159973
TI  - [Hemodynamic characteristics of spontaneous (hereditarily determined)
      hypertension in rats. 1].
AB  - The hemodynamics and contractility function of the myocardium were studied in
      rats of 2 age groups with normal or increased arterial pressure under conditions
      of an acute experiment with the use of electromagnetic flowmetry. In the early
      hypertensive stage, the rise in arterial pressure is mainly caused by an increase
      in the cardiac output due to intensified work of the heart in normal peripheral
      resistance to the blood flow. With the gradual stabilization of the hypertension
      it is observed, on the whole, that the hyperkinetic type of circulation
      encountered in the early stage changes to eu- and hypokinetic types in the stage
      of stable hypertension when the high arterial pressure is maintained by the
      increased peripheral resistance to the blood flow while the contractility
      function of the myocardium is diminished.

PMID- 159972
TI  - [Diastolic relaxation disturbance and the compensatory role of the left atrium in
      hypertension].
AB  - The processes of contraction and relaxation of the myocardium, the compensatory
      role of the left auricle were studied by echocardiography in patients suffering
      from essential hypertension with varied intensity of myocardial hypertrophy of
      the left ventricle. 44 patients with essential hypertension and 10 healthy
      individuals were examined. The patients suffering from essential hypertension not
      attended by myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle show an increase in
      inotropism and in the extent of diastolic relaxation as compared to controls. A
      significant rise of the myocardial weight of the left ventricle entails a
      reduction in myocardial contractility and in the extent of diastolic relaxation.
      As hypertrophy of the left ventricle increases, the compensatory role of the left
      auricle rises, thus ensuring increased diastolic filling and maintenance of the
      left ventricular contractility.

PMID- 159974
TI  - [X-ray angiocardiographic characteristics of the heart in arterial hypertension].
AB  - Correlation-statistical analysis of the roentgenocardiometric indices and the
      findings of left ventriculography in 30 patients with arterial hypertension was
      conducted. A significant inter-relationship of the roentgenometrical criteria of
      enlargement of the heart (cardiothoracic index, the extent of convexity of the
      arch of the pulmonary artery and, to a lesser measure, the cardiac volume) with
      the mass of the myocardium and the thickness of the left ventricular wall was
      revealed. The roentgenological criteria may complement the existing methods of
      the assessment of the degree of myocardial hypertrophy in arterial hypertension.

PMID- 159976
TI  - [Upper celosomia].

PMID- 159975
TI  - Reticuloendothelial and mesangial function in murine immune complex
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The function of the mesangial and reticuloendothelial system was evaluated in
      normal mice and in mice with nephritis induced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis
      (LCM) virus infection. Heat-aggregated human immunoglobulin (AlgG) and colloidal
      carbon served as traceable materials which could be detected in animals' blood
      and tissues. LCM virus-infected proteinuric (LCM-P) mice, as compared to normal
      mice or LCM-infected nonproteinuric (LCM) mice, had greater accumulation of AIgG
      in their glomeruli at all times of examination following i.p. injection of AIgG.
      The removal rate of AIgG from the kidney, however, was the same in normal and LCM
      P mice, indicating an unimpaired mesangial clearing system. This suggested that
      other mechanisms were responsible for the increased glomerular accumulation of
      AIgG in LCM-P mice. Reticuloendothelial function was examined directly by i.v.
      injection of AIgG or colloidal carbon. The data demonstrate that in this model of
      immune complex glomerulonephritis, colloidal material tested was removed from the
      blood at a slower rate than it was in normal mice. Deficient clearance of
      endogenous blood-borne immune complex-like material may be one of the factors
      playing a role in the accumulation of immune complex-like material in the
      glomeruli of these nephritic animals.

PMID- 159977
TI  - [Rehabilitation of hemiplegia].

PMID- 159978
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin E on immune complex nephritis in NZB/W mice.
AB  - Pharmacologic quantities of prostaglandin alter the immune complex nephritis of
      NZB/W mice. To study the mechanism of this change, NZB/W mice received 200
      micrograms. of prostaglandin E1 or E2 twice daily starting at 2, 4, or 6 months
      of age. Mice were sacrificed at bimonthy intervals, renal function and serologic
      parameters were evaluated, and renal tissue was examined by light, fluorescence,
      and electron microscopy. Therapy decreased the incidence of proteinuria, lessened
      renal pathology, and prolonged survival. Maximal beneficial effects occurred when
      treatment began at 2 months of age. The most striking change was a decrease in
      the rate of immune complexes depositing in the mesangium and their absence from
      peripheral loops. Accompanying this change was a reduction in glomerular
      hypercellularity and a decrease in renal perivascular and interstitial
      mononuclear infiltrates. By contrast, treatment did not alter serum levels of
      immunoglobulins, antinuclear antibodies, and antisingle or double-stranded DNA.
      These results indicate that prostaglandin E is capable of prolonging survival in
      NZB/W mice by decreasing the rate of immune complexes depositing in glomeruli.

PMID- 159979
TI  - A study of causes of unemployment among agricultural labourers afflicted by
      leprosy.
AB  - 116 patients consisting of 54 males and 62 females, all engaged in agriculture
      were interviewed to find out the cause of their unemployment. Deformity seemed to
      be the major factor responsible for the loss of job among them, which was
      prevalent among advanced age group (Males--50, Females--53.5). Since the measures
      to rehabilitate them are rather difficult, it is essential to educate them on the
      methods of prevention of deformities and their importance. If not, they
      invariably loose their job at an age when they cannot train themselves for a
      suitable alternative job to earn their livelihood.

PMID- 159980
TI  - EKG of the month.

PMID- 159981
TI  - Metabolism of pregnenolone and progesterone by testicular microsomes of the
      baboon Papio anubis and the marmoset Saguinus oedipus.

PMID- 159982
TI  - Phosphorprotein intermediate in the Ca2+-dependent ATPase reaction of macrophage
      plasma membrane.
AB  - ATPase activity and phosphorylation by [gamma-32P] ATP of isolated plasma
      membrane of alveolar macorphages are stimulated in a parallel fashion by
      physiologic concentrations of Ca2+, with half-maximal activating effect of this
      ion at (3--7) X 10(-7) M. For various membrane preparations, a direct
      proportionality exists between Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity and amount of 32P
      incorporated. Labeling of membrane attains the steady-state level by 10 sec at 0
      degrees C, and is rapidly reversed by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), K+ decreases
      the amount of membrane-bound 32P, mainly by enhancing the rate of
      dephosphorylation of the 32P-intermediate. Hydroxylamine causes a release of
      about 90% of 32P bound to the membrane, thus indicating that the 32P-intermediate
      contains an acyl-phosphate bond. When the labeled plasma membrane is solubilized
      and electrophoresed on acrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulphate, the radioactivity appears to be largely associated with a single
      protein fraction of 132,000 +/- 2,000 aarent molecular weight. These features of
      the macrophage Ca2+-ATPase suggest that the enzyme activity might be part of a
      surface-localized Ca1+-extrusion system, participating in the regulation of Ca2+
      dependent activities of the macrophage.

PMID- 159983
TI  - Oscillations of the glycolytic pathway and the purine nucleotide cycle.

PMID- 159984
TI  - Electrocardiographic voltage changes during hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Electrocardiograms of 67 thyrotoxic patients were studied. Subsequent
      electrocardiograms during euthyroidism in 16 patients permitted an analysis of
      voltage changes. Decreases in voltages after radioiodine therapy were significant
      (P less than 0.01) for the P wave in lead, V1, R wave in leads II, AVF, V4, V5,
      and V6, maximal RS wave, and maximal R wave and were present in all but one
      patient. Criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (sum of S wave in V1 plus R
      wave in V5 or V6 greater than 35 mm), present in 21% of patients, regressed in
      all five patients who had later electrocardiograms during euthyroidism. Left
      ventricular hypertrophy or high-voltage R waves in the absence of usual causes
      may suggest the presence of hyperthyroidism. The concept that cardiac voltage is
      determined in part by thyroid hormone is reviewed; this relationship may be the
      basis for increased voltage in hyperthyroidism as well as decreased voltage in
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 159985
TI  - On the enzymatic response to injury and its mediators.
AB  - The enzymatic response to injury appears as an increase in enzymatic activity in
      the periphery of burns and other injuries. The following processes constitute the
      enzymatic response: 1) release, 2) activation and 3) synthesis of enzymes.
      Processes 2) and 3) are dependent upon the fibroblast, which is an activated
      fibrocyte. Among the fibrocyte activators, and thus among the mediators of the
      enzymatic response, are histamine, serotonin, kinins, prostaglandins etc. The
      effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the enzymatic response to
      burn injury were studied. Indomethacin, mefenamic acid or aspirin, suspended in
      carboxymethylcellulose, were given to rats by stomach tube. Controls received
      carboxymethylcellulose only. Circular burns were inflicted on anaesthetized
      animals which were killed 30 min, 2 h or 4 h after burning. The burns were
      studied histologically and enzyme histochemically by using the methods for
      prostaglandin synthetase, esterases, and adenosine triphosphatase. Aspirin had no
      effect on the enzymatic response. Mefenamic acid and indomethacin caused a less
      severe enzymatic response in the 4-h groups as compared to control rats.

PMID- 159987
TI  - Telecad-a television communication aid for the disabled.

PMID- 159988
TI  - Towards standardisation of communication and control systems for motor impaired
      people.

PMID- 159986
TI  - In vitro velocity measurements in the near vicinity of the Bjork-Shiley aortic
      prosthesis using a laser-Doppler anemometer.

PMID- 159989
TI  - Fingercom--an electronic communicator for the disabled.

PMID- 159990
TI  - Switching device for alteration between expiratory and inspiratory flowmeters,
      incorporating a delay for syncrhonisation of respiratory flowmeter and mass
      spectrometer signals.

PMID- 159991
TI  - Optimisation of a chair mechanism for partially disabled people for sitting
      standing and sitting-lying motions.

PMID- 159992
TI  - An exercise in teamwork.

PMID- 159993
TI  - Effects of monovalent cations on the catalytic activity of pig liver
      phosphofructokinase.

PMID- 159994
TI  - [Pediatric stomatology].

PMID- 159995
TI  - [Dental prosthesis in children].

PMID- 159996
TI  - [Allergic diseases in children in stomatological practice].

PMID- 159998
TI  - A new method of preparing Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum: extraction
      with octylglucoside.
AB  - A fast method for preparing Ca2+-ATPase from rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum
      was devised. The method involves extracting extrinsic membrane proteins with the
      non-ionic detergent octylglucoside at high salt concentration. A Ca2+-ATPase of
      consistently high specific activity (about 25 mumoles/mg.min) is found in the
      insoluble residue. The method was optimized with respect to the concentrations of
      detergent and salt, pH, and other extraction conditions. By the criteria of the
      protein pattern in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, dependence of the
      hydrolytic activity on the presence of Ca2+, and the phosphoprotein formation,
      the preparation is identical with the Ca2+-ATPase isolated previously by
      MacLennan [10] and other authors. The main advantages of the new method are its
      rapidity, its reliability, and the high specific activity of the purified enzyme.

PMID- 159997
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of the phosphate transporter from
      bovine heart mitochondria.
AB  - A highly active phosphate transporter was extracted with octylglucoside from
      bovine heart submitochondrial particles that were first partially depleted of
      other membrane components. It was then partially purified by ammonium sulfate
      fractionation. After reconstitution of the transporter into liposomes prepared
      with a crude mixture of soybean phospholipids, the Pi/OH exchange, but not the
      Pi/Pi exchange, was stimulated three- to fourfold by valinomycin and nigericin in
      the presence of K+. Both Pi/OH and Pi/Pi exchange activities were sensitive to
      mercurials and other SH reagents. The rutamycin-sensitive ATPase complex from
      mitochondria was reconstituted together with the phosphate transporter and
      adenine nucleotide transporter into liposomes. After inhibition of externally
      located ATPase, the hydrolysis of ATP was sensitive to atractyloside and
      mersalyl.

PMID- 159999
TI  - Characterization of lambdapolA transducing phages; effective expression of the E.
      coli polA gene.
AB  - lambdapolA phages carrying the polA gene in either orientation were isolated and
      characterised by genetic tests and by assay of the polA gene product after
      infection of E. coli or induction of lysogens. Lytic infection gave consistently
      better amplification of DNA polymerase I than that obtained by induction of a
      lysogen. Optimal amplification of DNA polymerase I was not achieved from the PL
      promoter of cro-phages, but some advantages accrued when the polA gene was
      oriented for transcription from the PL promoter of a cro+ phage. lambdapolA
      phages in which the polA allele was from E. coli strain C600 provided better
      amplification than phages with the polA allele from E. coli ED8659. Induction of
      a lambdapolA1 cI857 Qam Sam prophage gave levels of DNA polymerase I approaching
      100 times that found in the non-lysogenic Pol+ host. Genetics studies with the
      lambdapolA phages confirmed the previously postulated orientation of the polA
      gene within the E. coli genome.

PMID- 160000
TI  - Characterization of the dnaA, gyrB and other genes in the dnaA region of the
      Escherichia coli chromosome on specialized transducing phages lambda tna.
AB  - Specialized transducing phages lambda tna (tryptophanase) harboring chromosomal
      DNA and genetic markers from the dnaA region of the Escherichia coli chromosome
      were isolated. Transductional analysis showed that some of these tnaA transducing
      phages carry two genes important in DNA replication, namely the dnaA gene
      (initiation of chromosome replication) and the gyrB gene (subunit B of DNA
      gyrase), formerly designated couR. The following clockwise order of genetic
      markers was found: uhp, gyrB, dnaA, rimA, tnaA, bglB. The gene-protein
      relationship was established by the determination of the gene products encoded on
      the chromosomal DNA of the different lambda tna. A 54 kD and a 91 kD polypeptide
      appear to be coded for by the dnaA and gyrB genes, respectively; the 91 kD
      protein is encoded on a region in which coumermycin sensitivity maps and is with
      respect to electrophoretic behavior identical to subunit B of DNA gyrase. The 54
      kD protein is encoded on the region in which different independently isolated
      dnaA(Ts) mutations (dnaA5, dnaA46, dnaA167, dnaA203, dnaA204, dnaA205, dnaA211,
      dnaA508) are located. Additional genes which code for polypeptides with hitherto
      unknown functions were identified and mapped. The acriflavin sensitivity mutation
      acrB1 was found to be an allele of the gyrB gene (see "Note Added in Proof").

PMID- 160001
TI  - Uvm mutants of Escherichia coli K12 deficient in UV mutagenesis. II. Further
      evidence for a novel function in error-prone repair.
AB  - Uvm mutants of Escherichia coli K12 selected for defective UV reversion induction
      have previously been reported to differ considerably from the UV-reversion-less
      recA and lexA mutants with regard to survival or mutagenic response to UV, X-rays
      and alkylating agents. In the present study, the phenotypic characterization of
      uvm mutants was extended to investigate several cellular processes which also may
      be related to or involved in UV mutagenesis. Like recA and lexA mutations, the
      uvm mutations exhibit highly reduced Weigle reactivation and normal host cell
      reactivation of UV irradiated phage lambda. But unlike recA and lexA, the uvm
      mutations do not impair genetic recombination, UV induction of prophage lambda or
      R plasmid-mediated UV resistance and mutagenesis. These phenotypical
      characteristics and preliminary results of genetic mapping lend further support
      to the assumption that the uvm site may be a novel locus affecting, apart from
      the recA and lexA loci, the error-prone repair pathway in E. coli.

PMID- 160002
TI  - The surface layer of Candida albicans.
AB  - The surface of Candida albicans is covered by a mucus layer secreted by the cell.
      Excess mucus secretion accumulates between the cells, and contains protein,
      polysaccharides and secreted enzymes. In mature cultures dead cells are trapped
      in the mucus, and the accumulated mucus and cell debris facilitate the formation
      of plaque, and the penetration of C. albicans into infected host tissues.

PMID- 160003
TI  - The influences of a lambda prophage on the growth rate of Escherichia coli.
AB  - A lambda prophage increases the competitive ability of E. coli K12 in a glucose
      limited chemostat. This phenomenon does not involve the lambdarex gene.
      Expression of the lambdarex gene conditionally decreases fitness in two ways: (1)
      it causes malT- but not malT+ lysogens to be at a selective disadvantage in
      competition with non-lysogens. (2) During adaptation to slow, glucose-limited
      chemostat growth from rapid, glucose-excess flask growth, expression of the
      lambdarex gene transiently decreases the growth rate when compared to the non
      lysogen.

PMID- 160005
TI  - Plasma exchange: a selective form of blood-letting.
AB  - The technique of, and indications for, plasma exchange are presented. This
      selective form of plasma removal has re-established "blood-letting" in medical
      therapeutics on a scientific basis. It is the most appropriate therapy when
      hyperviscosity or haemostatic failure complicate immunoproliferative disease.
      Plasma exchange is also a significant advance in the management of fulminant
      forms of autoimmune disease, but in many other conditions it must be regarded as
      experimental.

PMID- 160004
TI  - [Hydrolytic properties of fungi isolated from coarse fodder in southern
      Kazakhstan].

PMID- 160006
TI  - [Intensification of the diphyllobothriasis focus in the area of the Kuibyshev
      reservoir and the measures for its eradication].

PMID- 160007
TI  - [Results of a serological examination for echinococcosis in the population of the
      Armenian SSR and their epidemiological assessment].

PMID- 160008
TI  - [DDT sensitivity level of the mosquitoes in an Anopheles maculipennis Meig.
      complex in the Moldavian SSR].

PMID- 160010
TI  - Motor neuron firing range, axonal conduction velocity, and muscle fiber
      histochemistry in neuromuscular diseases.
AB  - The voluntary discharge properties and axonal conduction velocity of single motor
      units were studied in patients with neuromuscular diseases with retained
      differentiation of the muscle fibers into type 1 and type 2, and in patients with
      late-onset hereditary distal myopathy in which muscle fibers have only
      intermediate histochemical properties. In the patients with muscle fiber
      differentiation, the findings were similar to those in normal subjects; that is,
      there was a continuum between motor units which fired tonically at low rates and
      had a low axonal conduction velocity, and motor units which fired phasically at
      high rates and had a high axonal conduction velocity. In the patients without
      muscle fiber differentiation, all motor units had intermediate firing properties
      and a low axonal conduction velocity. It is suggested that in chronic pathologic
      states, the differentiation of the muscle fiber histochemistry remains only as
      long as the differentiation of the motor neurons remains.

PMID- 160009
TI  - [Issyk-Kul virus transmission by Aedes caspius caspius Pall. mosquitoes via
      experimental bite].

PMID- 160011
TI  - Types of human intrafusal muscle fibers.
AB  - The histochemical and fine structural profiles of human intrafusal muscle fibers
      were studied. Spindles were located in freshly frozen specimens taken from
      biopsied normal external intercostal muscles, and periodic 10- and 50-mum-thick
      cross sections were processed alternately for enzyme histochemical and electron
      microscopic examination. Nuclear bag fibers were of two types, bag1 and bag2,
      histochemically, and they displayed two distinct types of ultrastructure. Nuclear
      chain fibers were histochemically and ultrastructurally homogeneous. Regional
      differences in enzymatic staining and ultrastructure occurred along individual
      intrafusal fibers. Human bag1 and bag2 fibers appear to be analogous to the two
      types of nuclear bag fiber identified in animal spindles and are considered to
      have different roles in spindle function. The presence of three types of
      intrafusal fibers should be taken into account when studying spindle
      abnormalities in human neuromuscular disorders.

PMID- 160012
TI  - Regular steps in bending cilia during the effective stroke.
AB  - A ciliary beat cycle consists of an effective stroke in which the extended cilium
      makes an oar-like movement towards one side, and a recovery stroke in which the
      cilium moves back by propagating a bend from base to tip (Fig. 1A). In the
      sliding microtubule model of ciliary and flagellar movement, which is now
      supported by substantial evidence1-3, the sliding displacement of microtubules in
      any region of the cilium is related linearly to the angular change in the
      direction of that region (Fig. 1B). Thus, during the effective stroke,
      microtubule sliding is not confined to the region near the base of the cilium but
      involves the whole length of the extended organelle, and the relative speed of
      sliding can be measured as the angular velocity of the ciliary motion. I report
      here that in molluscan cilia the effective stroke consists of regularly
      alternating rapid and slow phases of angular movement. This suggests that the
      microtubules slide in quantal steps.

PMID- 160014
TI  - North Carolina Orthopedic Hospital closes after 58 years of treatment of crippled
      children.

PMID- 160013
TI  - Inhibition of mixed lymphocyte response by monoclonal antibody specific for a rat
      T lymphocyte subset.
AB  - Cell-surface differentiation antigens which are associated with particular
      lymphocyte subsets are likely to be molecules which mediate specific functions of
      the cells which display them. One way to investigate this hypothesis is to see
      whether antibodies directed against such antigens will inhibit functional
      systems. This approach can be attempted with confidence if monoclonal antibodies
      are used, as these react with one antigenic determinant only and can be used in
      purified form. In this report we show that a monoclonal antibody which is
      specific for a subset of rat tT lymphocytes inhibits the mixed lymphocyte
      response (MLR). The antibody acts on the responder cells without killing them.

PMID- 160015
TI  - [Broken communication and re-establishing the connection].

PMID- 160016
TI  - Alterations of mitochondrial properties in folate nephropathy.
AB  - Folate nephropathy was selected as a model to study renal mitochondrial response
      after tubular injury. 20 h after injection, 14C-leucine incorporation was
      suppressed to 20--30% of control, 14C-mannose incorporation was 63--78% greater
      than control while the activities of succinic dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase
      were unaltered. By 40 h, 14C-leucine incorporation had been restored to control
      values. Also, at 20 h, ATPase activity sensitive to oligomycin inhibition had
      increased by 45--73%, whereas K+-stimulated ATPase activity was reduced in the
      experimental mitochondrial fractions. The results are discussed along with other
      studies of mitochondria in experimental renal disease.

PMID- 160017
TI  - Dimaprit-induced hypothermia in normal rats: its attenuation by cimetidine and by
      tricyclic antidepressant drugs.

PMID- 160018
TI  - Clonazepam induces decreased serotoninergic activity in the mouse brain.

PMID- 160019
TI  - Modification of PGO activity by specific uptake inhibitors fluoxetine, nisoxetine
      and LR5182.

PMID- 160020
TI  - ACC and physiotherapy.

PMID- 160021
TI  - A controlled trial of manipulation in a selected group of patients with low back
      pain favouring one side.
AB  - Ten patients with low back pain favouring mainly one side are treated by
      manipulation, using a specified technique. Tension measurements in both legs are
      taken at five degree increments as the legs are passively raised, with the knees
      extended, both before and after manipulation. The resultant tension gradients are
      compared with a control group of subjects with no back pain who are also
      manipulated. There is a statistically significant alteration in the tension
      measurements after manipulation of the painful side as compared with the change
      after manipulation of the controls.

PMID- 160022
TI  - Achievement by the genetically disabled: a history of social and medical aid to a
      patient with partial Down's syndrome.
AB  - A trisomy 21/normal mosaic is described, together with her educational and social
      development. Amniocentesis was used to monitor her two pregnancies and both
      fetuses were found to be normal. Social and medical aid have encouraged the
      patient to lead a normal life.

PMID- 160023
TI  - The National Disabled Holiday Camp '1979'.

PMID- 160024
TI  - Gynecologic laparoscopy.

PMID- 160025
TI  - Needle tract endometriosis: an unusual complication of amniocentesis.
AB  - A case is presented of abdominal wall endometriosis following amniocentesis. A
      discussion of this unusual phenomenon is included.

PMID- 160026
TI  - Assessing skin problems of occupational origin.
AB  - Severity of occupational cutaneous hazards depends on the agent's harmfulness,
      kind of exposure, the affected subject's responsiveness, and the controls in
      effect.

PMID- 160027
TI  - [Several problems concerning the radiologic measurement of heart size].

PMID- 160028
TI  - [Flea fauna and ecology of jerboas in the southern Balkhash region
      (Aphaniptera)].
AB  - 22 species of fleas have been found on five species of jerboa in southern
      Pribalkhashje. Of them 8 species are parasites of jerboa, 13 -- of gerbils and
      one -- of birds. Most abundant are three species of fleas of jerboa: M. lenis, M.
      eucta and O. volgensis. Of gerbils' fleas representatives of the genus Xenopsylla
      were dominant on jerboa. The greatest indices of abundance have been reported for
      A. severtzovi, A. elator, A. acontion. The gerbils' fleas are more abundant on D.
      sagitta than on the other species.

PMID- 160029
TI  - [New species of the genus Myxobolus (Myxosporidia, Myxobolidae) from the gill
      filaments of the carp].

PMID- 160030
TI  - Pathology of dementia.
AB  - A group of diseases of the brain characterized by dementia have been discussed.
      The pathologic features of each were described and illustrated. It seems that, in
      summary, several points merit emphasis. First of all, as more people survive to
      the seventh, eighth, and ninth decades, the most common dementia, senile
      Alzheimer's disease, will become a more significant public health problem.
      Second, while at the present time there is no successful therapy available, there
      are some glimmerings of hope on the horizon. The discovery of the agent of
      Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease seems to have placed us on the fringe of a whole new
      series of advances. A novel type of disease agent awaits characterization and
      definition, and there are hints that similar agents could be responsible for the
      development of the degenerative diseases, perhaps in conjunction with
      environmental toxins and in the medium of a permissive genetic background. In the
      case of Huntington's chorea, it seems reasonable that a pharmacologic agent could
      be found to control the symptoms such as L-dopa therapy has done for patients
      with Parkinson's disease. It may develop, however, that such an agent will
      control the choreiform movements but will not influence the dementing condition.

PMID- 160031
TI  - Fetal properties in red blood cells of newborn infants.
AB  - In order to identify the fetal features in neonatal erythrocytes, cord blood was
      separated into seven fractions of varying specific density. Cell age in the
      single fractions was ascertained by means of reticulocyte count, glutamic
      oxalacetic transaminase activity, and hemoglobin F concentration. The same
      procedures were used with blood of adults. With the exception of the fraction of
      neonatal blood with the highest specific density, the blood from neonates and
      adults correlated well for cell age and specific density. The highest specific
      density fraction of neonatal blood was found to contain a higher proportion of
      younger cells. The comparison of enzyme activities in the single fractions
      between neonates and adults showed that a high activity of glucose-6
      phosphatedehydrogenase and enolase and a low activity of phosphofructokinase are
      typical fetal signs of neonatal cells.

PMID- 160032
TI  - Preliminary perceived voice deviations and hearing disorders of adults with
      Down's syndrome.

PMID- 160033
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a secondary attachment site for bacteriophage lambda on
      the Escherichia coli chromosome.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a secondary attachment site for bacteriophage lambda
      was determined in a region near the rrnB gene at 88 min on the E. coli
      chromosome. The sequence has a 8 base pair interrupted homology GCT TTTTA to the
      common core of the primary attachment site (attB) and the corresponding phage
      sequence (attP). The site of crossover during integration lies probably between
      nucleotides -3 and +1. The flanking regions have no obvious homology to the arms
      of either attP or attB.

PMID- 160034
TI  - Self-help groups: association to combat Huntington's chorea.

PMID- 160035
TI  - Communication at Naidex '79.

PMID- 160036
TI  - Riding for the disabled: ride on, children!

PMID- 160037
TI  - Socio-cultural aspects of patient care: Cathy needs a wheelchair.

PMID- 160038
TI  - [Membranous glomerulonephritis in the course of chronic hepatitis with HBs
      antigenemia in a 2 1/2-year-old boy].

PMID- 160039
TI  - [Management of atypical and complicated forms of aortic coarctation].

PMID- 160040
TI  - [Inhibitors of granulopoiesis].

PMID- 160041
TI  - Relationships between Ca2+, myosin light chains, and ATPase in bovine aortic
      actomyosin: presence of Ca2+-requiring inactivation factor.

PMID- 160042
TI  - Attenuation of the toxicity of a pyrrolizidine alkaloid (monocrotaline) by
      metabolic inhibition.

PMID- 160043
TI  - Calmodulin in the regulation of intracellular calcium.

PMID- 160044
TI  - Monoamines modulation of morphine action on pain threshold and cortical
      acetylcholine outflow.

PMID- 160045
TI  - Treating low back problems.

PMID- 160046
TI  - Production of breaks in single- and double-stranded forms of bacteriophage phi
      X174 DNA by proflavine and light treatment.

PMID- 160047
TI  - Prenatal exposure to testosterone and its precursors influences morphology and
      later behavioral responsiveness to testosterone of female mice.
AB  - Prenatal exposure to testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone or progesterone
      significantly increased ano-genital distance of female mice. In addition,
      prenatal exposure to T or pregnenolone significantly reduced the duration of T
      exposure during adult life required to induce intraspecific fighting behavior.
      However, the most masculinized females, those exposed to T prenatally, still had
      significantly shorter ano-genital distances and required a longer exposure period
      to T in order to establish fighting than did prenatally oil-exposed male mice.
      Additional experiments revealed that pregnenolone augments later responsiveness
      to the aggression-promoting property of T only if it is administered during the
      prenatal period of development.

PMID- 160048
TI  - Cataractogenic and lethal effect of selenite in rats during postnatal
      ontogenesis.
AB  - Male rats aged 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days were injected with a single
      dose of sodium selenite (20 or 40 mumol/kg b.w.). For two months after the
      injection, all the rats were observed daily for mortality (acute up to 24 h after
      the injection, subacute 2--7 days after) and the incidence of permanent and
      intermittent cataract. With the higher dose, both forms of lethal effect were
      found to shift to earlier phases of ontogenetic development, subacute mortality
      appearing sooner than acute mortality. The cataractogenic effect produced by the
      administration of both 20 and 40 mumol/kg b.w. dependent on the age of the
      experimental animals. It appeared only in the early phases of ontogenetic
      development (up to the age of 15 days); cataract was not observed during later
      development.

PMID- 160049
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin in the plasma and urine.
AB  - We introduced the radioimmunoassay (RIA) of arginine vasopressin (AVP) with
      standard AVP and antiserum to AVP (both Calibiochem). The sensitivity of the
      system was increased from the declared 4pg to 1 pg per tube by preparing AVP-125I
      of high specific activity (about 1,500 mCi/mg) and by modifying the reaction
      conditions. The sensitivity of the method was adequate for measuring AVP in urine
      and in concentrated plasma extracts, even under physiological conditions.
      Reliability of the results depended upon maintenance of approximately the same
      osmolarity in all the RIA samples. The mean plasma AVP level, uncorrected for AVP
      extraction losses, was 1.52 +/- 0.20 pg/ml for an ad libitum fluid intake; in
      fluid deprivation it rose in proportion to the osmolarity of the plasma to 5.83
      +/- 0.42 pg/ml at 12 hours and to 19.09 +/- 4.51 pg/ml at 36 hours. Extraction
      recovery of added AVP was about 63%. The urinary AVP concentration varied
      according to the patients' state of hydratation from undetectable values at UOsm
      less than 200 mOsm/1 to a mean 16.5 +/- 7.9 pg/ml in the presence of an ad
      libitum fluid intake and to 29.1 +/- 7.5 pg/ml after 12 hours' and 117.2 +/- 13.7
      pg/ml after 36 hours' deprivation of fluids.

PMID- 160050
TI  - Biomechanics of the vertebral column. Its application to prevention of back pain
      in the population and to assessment of working capacity in patients with lumbar
      spinal disability.

PMID- 160051
TI  - Back care in industry.

PMID- 160052
TI  - Advising patients on back care.

PMID- 160053
TI  - Physiotherapists--teachers of the public.

PMID- 160054
TI  - [Advances in dermatology against the background of present-day technological
      change].

PMID- 160055
TI  - [Tardive dyskinesia (apropos of 3 cases)].

PMID- 160056
TI  - Induction of lung tumors in RFM mice after localized exposures to X rays or
      neutrons.

PMID- 160057
TI  - [Effect of irradiation on the Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase, ribonuclease and
      alkaline phosphatase from the isolated nuclear membranes of calf thymuses].

PMID- 160058
TI  - [Determination of serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, testosterone and
      dehydroepiandrosterone of Xikrin and Surui Indians].

PMID- 160059
TI  - [A study of the tensile strength of cruciate ligaments with regard to the
      possibilities of prosthetic replacement (author's transl)].
AB  - Recent clinical and experimental results in the prosthetic replacement of the
      anterior cruciate ligament are minimal and this fact has incited us to search for
      additional fundamental characteristics of natural and synthetic ligaments. The
      dissection of over 30 human knees (5 fresh and 27 embalmed specimens), of 50 dog
      knees and of 20 cat knees showed that the posterior cruciate ligament was longer
      and of bigger size than the anterior cruciate ligament. In dogs, the anatomo
      radiological study showed a lenghtening of 14,4 p. 100 for the anterior cruciate
      and of 10,5 p. 1u0 for the posterior cruciate ligament in the various goniometric
      positions. Traction with the Instron apparatus using whole knee with preserved
      bony attachments revealed an elastic resistance (yield point) of the ligament of
      about 50 kg, 60 kg and 30 kg (for human, dog and cat respectively) with elastic
      elongation (at the yield stress) of 25 p. 100, 35 p. 100 and 45 p. 100
      (respectively). Trials on the polyethylene prosthetic ligament used at the
      present time for replacement of cruciate ligaments in humans showed an elastic
      resistance of only 16 kg with an elasticity of only 1,4 p. 100. The major
      differences between the physical properties of the artificial and natural
      ligaments that we have studied in experimental conditions incite our serious
      doubt as to the value for the practical use of such a prosthesis and provoque
      strongly the necessity of search for alternative synthetic or other material more
      suitable for the task in question.

PMID- 160060
TI  - [Upper tibial osteotomy for degenerative arthritis of the knee with varus
      deformity.-A review of 250 cases. (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have reviewed 250 cases of upper tibial osteotomy for varus deformity
      of the knee with degenerative arthritis of the medial compartment. Most of the
      osteotomies (136) were closing osteotomies, the remainder being opening
      osteotomies using a bone graft. Closing osteotomy is recommended together with an
      arthrolysis of the upper tibio-fibular joint instead of a fibular osteotomy.
      Hyper-correction appeared to be beneficial in cases with lateral ligament laxity.
      The authors do not recommend intra-articular cartilage shaving or meniscectomy.
      They advocate surgical release of the patella by division of the lateral patellar
      retinacula or by anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity.

PMID- 160061
TI  - [Compartment syndrome of the leg (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have observed ten compartment syndromes of the leg. Nine occurred
      after tibial fractures, one after a contusive trauma. Early signs those of
      muscular and neural ischemia, with an acute pain when the toes are passively
      mobilised. The cast must be promptly removed. In 6 cases the two compartments
      were involved. In all cases the pulses were palpable. Arteriographs could
      occasionaly verify the integrity of the main arterial trunks. The treatment is
      based on early fasciotomies. It was realised in 5 cases, with good results when
      the fasciotomy was realised more than twelve hours after the trauma, the muscles
      were more or less necrotic. In one case all the muscles of the leg had to be
      excised.

PMID- 160062
TI  - [A technique of patellectomy preserving the extensor apparatus (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The Authors describe a technique of patellectomy preserving the extensor
      apparatus. The lateral and medial patellar ligaments are divided longitudinally,
      folded forward and sutured to each other anteriorly, the lateral incision being
      left open. The authors have used this procedure in 11 knees with satisfactory
      results. It can be combined with plasties of the femoral condylar groove.

PMID- 160063
TI  - [Expanding intramedullary rods in the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Eleven cases of osteogenesis imperfecta were treated by corrective osteotomies
      and fixation with expanding intramedullary rods. The authors have used the Bailey
      Dubow nail. Despite a short follow-up (average one year) they think that the
      device will avoid future repeated changes of rods during the growing period.
      Several technical pitfalls are described. It is thought that the same technique
      could be applied to congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia.

PMID- 160064
TI  - [Massive osteolysis (author's transl)].
AB  - One case involving the scapula and the clavicle is reported. After a 25 years
      follow-up, the disease was spontaneously non-evolutive.

PMID- 160066
TI  - [The use of an original brace in the treatment of kyphosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have designed an original brace which can be used in the treatment of
      severe and evolutive hyphosis, when kinesitherapy alone is not sufficient. The
      brace can be removed during the night and for the practice of sports. It is based
      on the increase of corrective reflexes. A review of 100 cases showed satisfactory
      results.

PMID- 160065
TI  - [Spherical osteotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have devised a new type of saw which makes it possible to cut bone
      spherically. This type of osteotomy is useful when correction is required in more
      than one plane and provides good bone contact between bone ends. The technique is
      described. It has been used at the upper end of the tibia or femur and in the
      calcaneus and forefoot.

PMID- 160067
TI  - Spinal stenosis and low back pain.

PMID- 160068
TI  - Effect of ipratropium bromide and fenoterol on airway obstruction in chronic
      pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - Single-blind, cross-over comparison of standard doses of ipratropium bromide (2
      puffs of 0.02 mg each) and fenoterol (2 puffs of 0.2 mg each) in 36 pairs of
      experiments in 6 patients with partially reversible airway obstruction,
      presumably secondary to chronic widespread pulmonary tuberculosis, revealed no
      difference between the drugs in bronchodilating effect, evaluated by peak-flow
      measurements and spirometry. The inhalation of isoprenaline at the end of the
      experiment induced no further improvement in the lung function variables
      measured. The results suggest that a vagal reflex mechanism plays a major role in
      bronchoconstriction connected with severe chronic pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 160069
TI  - [Treatment of gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis with intra-articular injections].

PMID- 160070
TI  - [Aneurysm of the membranous portion of the ventricular septum].

PMID- 160071
TI  - [The diaphragm. II. Behavior of the diaphragm muscle in hypertrophic
      cardiopathies].

PMID- 160072
TI  - The value of exercises in the treatment of low back pain.
AB  - The results of treatment with short-wave diathermy were compared with those
      achieved by short-wave diathermy combined with back extension or lumbar isometric
      flexion exercises in 43 patients with back pain. Subjects were relatively young
      and normally engaged in sporting activities. Marginally more patients improved
      amongst those receiving extension exercises. Significant reduction of pain and
      increase of spinal flexion occurred with each treatment and the periods taken to
      resume work or sport were similar in each group. Neither exercise regime appeared
      to have a major influence on recovery. Isometric flexion exercises did not seem
      to be more beneficial for those with a prominent lumbar lordosis.

PMID- 160073
TI  - Out-patient physiotherapy: patterns of provision.
AB  - A total of 1014 physiotherapy out-patients and their therapists were interviewed
      at 10 hospitals in Oxfordshire and Devonshire, including a District General
      Hospital, a Geriatric, and a sample of associated Community Hospitals in each of
      the two regions. Over 70% of these patients were suffering from long-term
      disabilities. The proportion of this type of patient varied between the hospital
      types, and this variation was similar in the two regions. The overall frequencies
      with which the different physiotherapy treatments were employed were, for the
      most part, similar in all departments regardless of hospital type or regions
      involved. Exercises and heat were the predominant treatments everywhere. The
      standard frequency of attendance was twice or three times a week. One third of
      the patients used hospital transport; most patients attended a hospital
      reasonably close to their homes.

PMID- 160074
TI  - 'Back talk' by nurse leads to precedent-setting arbitration case.

PMID- 160075
TI  - Cretin or mongol: congenital hypothyroidism--new concepts.

PMID- 160076
TI  - Cancer immunity. The effect in cancer-immunotherapy of polymerised autologus
      tumour tissue and supportive measures.

PMID- 160077
TI  - Muscle biopsy in hypotonic schizophrenic children: a preliminary report.
AB  - Two hypotonic boys, aged 7 years, 3 months and 7 yers, 7 months, who possessed
      sufficient speech to demonstrate a severe thought disorder and who differed
      markedly in their activity levels, were subjected to a biopsy of the quadriceps
      muscle. The biopsies revealed atrophy of type 2 muscle fibers, as well as
      variability in the size of these fibers. The findings could be compatible with a
      denervation phenomenon.

PMID- 160079
TI  - Recent progress in fibrinolysis.

PMID- 160078
TI  - Mini-laparotomy for bilateral tubal ligation in lithotomy position.
AB  - Two hundred consecutive cases of mini-laparotomy for nonpuerperal bilateral tubal
      ligation done by a single gynecologist with the patient in lithotomy position are
      presented here. Technical aspects of the procedure, some innovative and some old,
      are presented in an effort to demonstrate a simple, low-risk alternative to
      laparoscopic sterilization.

PMID- 160080
TI  - Bleeding diathesis in dengue hemorrhagic fever.

PMID- 160081
TI  - [Indices of the work quality of the pulmonology department of a central district
      hospital].

PMID- 160082
TI  - [Health of schoolchildren].

PMID- 160083
TI  - Adult scoliosis and back pain.
AB  - From available long-term follow-up studies of untreated scoliosis, there seems to
      be minimal risk of disabling back pain in adult patients who have lumbar curves.
      A review of all Swedish patients who in 1971 received disability pension because
      of scoliosis showed very few who had lumbar curves, significantly fewer and with
      curves of lesser degrees than patients who had thoracolumbar and thoracic curves.
      Those exhibiting lumbar curves were mostly 60 years of age or older and had
      curves around 25 degrees only, of the type that can arise as a result of
      osteoporosis and disc degeneration. Whether severe low-back pain occurs more
      often in adults who have lumbar curves than in those whose spines are straight is
      open to question, since calculations presented show approximately the same
      incidence of surgery performed for back pain in scoliotic patients and in those
      whose spines are straight. Because scoliosis surgery in the adult carries a high
      risk and long-term efficacy is unproved, all types of conservative measures must
      be tried before discussing an operation. Prophylactic surgery to prevent future
      back pain in young patients who have lumbar curves is not justified.

PMID- 160084
TI  - Decision making in adult scoliosis.
AB  - This report analyzes a series of 350 adult patients whose spinal deformity was
      treated surgically. Indications included pain, curve progression, cosmesis,
      structural disabilities, neurologic complications, cardiorespiratory problems,
      and failed previous surgery. Discography was helpful in assessing complex pain
      problems, and its use led to improved results of surgery because of more
      comprehensive preoperative definition of the problem. Pain relief occurred in 70%
      of patients. Traction, either the halo-femoral or the halo-pelvic type, was used
      in 62 patients. Complex surgery, including anterior and posterior approaches, is
      required in curves of large magnitude, especially when curves are rigid. Overall
      curve correction in this series was 40%.

PMID- 160086
TI  - The management of nerve root entrapment syndromes associated with the collapsing
      scoliosis of idiopathic lumbar and thoracolumbar curves.
AB  - From 1969 through 1978, 30 adults presented with painful idiopathic scoliosis and
      associated radicular symptoms. Fifteen had major thoracolumbar curves and 15 had
      major lumbar curves. Ten (33%) had physical findings of the nerve root
      entrapment, 4 having two roots entrapped. Root entrapments in the sciatic
      distribution were most common and arose on the side opposite the major curve,
      coming from the concavity of compensatory lumbosacral curves (7 of 9 patients).
      Root entrapment in a femoral nerve distribution came from the concavity of the
      major curve (1 patient). Whether in a major or compensatory curve, entrapments
      usually arise in the concavity (8 of 10 patients). Mechanisms of root entrapment
      vary, but foraminal compression and pedicular kinking were most common. When
      major deforming curves are corrected fairly completely, most nerve root
      entrapments are relieved; sciatic entrapments are decompressed by spontaneous
      straightening of the lumbosacral curve. Dwyer instrumentation and fusion has been
      the most effective method of surgical management in carefully selected cases.

PMID- 160085
TI  - Adult lumbar scoliosis.
AB  - This report details the expierience with adult lumbar scoliosis among patients at
      a scoliosis center. Some curves are shown to progress in the adult, while others
      appear de novo. Pain arising in adult scoliosis may reflect root compression or
      segmental degeneration. Once pain arises in an adult lumbar curve, it is likely
      to be progressive and often requires surgical treatment.

PMID- 160087
TI  - Huntington's chorea.

PMID- 160088
TI  - Huntington's chorea in a black family: a report of 2 cases.
AB  - Two cases of Huntington's chorea occurring in a Black family are presented. One
      patient had, in addition, an arteriovenous anomaly of the cerebral circulation.
      The genealogy of the family is described and the probability of mixed descent is
      noted. The impression gained from the literature that Huntington's chorea rarely
      occurs in Blacks is strengthened.

PMID- 160089
TI  - Respite care for parents of handicapped children: a pilot project.

PMID- 160091
TI  - [Music with the handicapped].

PMID- 160090
TI  - Pulsed Doppler angiography in lower limb arterial ischemia.
AB  - A 30-channel pulsed Doppler vessel imaging system (MAVIS, GEC Medical, Middlesex,
      England), was used to obtain images and maximal Doppler velocity time waveforms
      in the diagnosis of stenosis of the origin of the profunda femoris artery (PFA)
      and in the detection of structural changes within Dacron arterial grafts. In PFA
      scans of 33 limbs in 22 patients (mean age, 52 years), PFA stenosis of more than
      50% at operation was invariably associated with a damping factor of the maximal
      Doppler velocity-time waveform of greater than 1.5 (eight limbs). In 12 limbs
      with a normal PFA at operation, the damping factor was always less than 1.4, and
      in 13 limbs of normal patients without arterial disease, the damping factor was
      always less than 1.34. In studies of 10 mm arterial grafts, the internal diameter
      of 14 iliopopliteal grafts scanned just above the popliteal anastomosis was
      strikingly reduced as compared with the femoral anastomosis of 14
      aortoiliofemoral grafts and seven axillobifemoral grafts. These preliminary
      results suggest that MAVIS studies can be used noninvasively to detect PFA
      stenosis and to identify luminal narrowing of iliopopliteal grafts.

PMID- 160092
TI  - Rapidly fatal pulmonary fibrosis: the accelerated variant of interstitial
      pneumonitis.
AB  - We sought to explore immunological factors in patients who died with rapidly
      fatal fibrosing lung diseases (Hamman-Rich syndrome). A retrospective review of
      cases of interstitial lung disease showed 12 recent deaths from Hamman-Rich
      syndrome. The mean age was 62, men outnumbering women 3 : 1. Five patients had
      proved collagen vascular disease (rheumatoid arthritis three, lupus two). Four
      others had a history of allergic disorders, syphilis, chronic eosinophilia, or
      hypersensitivity reactions. One patient showed disappearance of
      immunofluorescence as fibrosis advanced, which has not previously been reported.
      The study suggests a possible aetiological link between disorders of immunity and
      Hamman-Rich syndrome. The evidence also supports the notion that Hamman-Rich
      syndrome is an accelerated variant of the more indolent interstitial pneumonias.

PMID- 160093
TI  - Effects of leukocytes, plasmin and thrombin on clotting factors. A comparative in
      vitro study.

PMID- 160095
TI  - The ability of fibrinogen fragments to support ADP-induced platelet aggregation.

PMID- 160094
TI  - The role of plasmin in kinin-release by preparations of human thrombin.

PMID- 160096
TI  - [Project Vaeroy and Rost - III. Disabilities].

PMID- 160097
TI  - Reversal of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced depression of ouabain
      biliary excretion by pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile and spironolactone in
      isolated perfused rat livers.

PMID- 160099
TI  - Geographic variations in work disability.

PMID- 160098
TI  - Biliary excretory dysfunction following exposure to photomirex and
      photomirex/carbon tetrachloride combination.

PMID- 160100
TI  - Laparoscopy combined with peritoneal cytology in staging and restaging ovarian
      carcinoma.
AB  - The merits of laparoscopy, with inspection of the diaphragmatic leaves, and of
      peritoneal cytology (free fluid or washing) in staging and restaging were studied
      in 153 patients with ovarian carcinoma. Of 153 patients examined, 83 were new
      cases, 34 were restaging in patients without clinical and/or radiological signs
      of disease, and 36 in patients with evident disease. The conversion rate for
      diaphragmatic metastases alone was 6%. Information about the spread of disease
      (diaphragmatic metastases) was obtained in 33 new cases (39.7%). In pretreated
      patients, laparoscopy was positive in 4 of 34 NED restaging and in 24 of 36 ED
      restaging. The conversion rate for peritoneal cytology was 6.6%, but information
      about the cellular intraperitoneal spread of the disease was obtained in 31 new
      cases (37.8%). In pretreated patients, peritoneal cytology was positive in 4 of
      34 NED restaging and in 13 of 36 ED restaging.

PMID- 160101
TI  - [Sciatica in the elderly: etiological diagnosis].

PMID- 160102
TI  - [Changes in properties of actomyosin in the process of ontogenesis].
AB  - The paper deals with some data on nonidentical heat-resistance of actomyosin of
      the skeletal muscles and myocardium of the calf foetus and adult animals. It is
      shown that in the process of uterine development the ATPase activity increases
      and at alkaline pH the Ca2+-activated ATPase of natural actomyosin of the cattle
      skeletal muscles and myocardium is activated. Heat-resistance of ATPase of the
      skeletal muscles and myocardium decreases with age, the myocardium actimyosin
      ATPase being more stable to heating. These denatured changes are found to be of a
      reversible character.

PMID- 160103
TI  - Pulsed Doppler with B-mode imaging for quantitative blood flow measurement.

PMID- 160104
TI  - Performance of the mean frequency Doppler modulator.

PMID- 160105
TI  - Muscle spindle capillaries and capsule: a horseradish peroxidase study.

PMID- 160106
TI  - Sensitivity of normal human muscle spindles to small spontaneous changes in
      muscle length during voluntary contraction.

PMID- 160107
TI  - [Eminent scientist of the Moldavian SSR Prof. Dmitrii Alekseevich Bytechenko (on
      his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 160108
TI  - Respiratory diseases of caged birds.

PMID- 160109
TI  - [Protection of poultry plants from rodents].

PMID- 160110
TI  - [Leukemia in cattle].

PMID- 160111
TI  - [50th anniversary and 45 graduating classes].

PMID- 160112
TI  - [College approaches its anniversary].

PMID- 160113
TI  - [Effective agent].

PMID- 160114
TI  - [District workdays].

PMID- 160115
TI  - [Role of the wild boar in the epizootiology of parasitic swine diseases].

PMID- 160116
TI  - [Stock overwintering goes on].

PMID- 160117
TI  - Detection of HBsAg containing cells in liver biopsies by different stains and
      classification of positively reacting ground-glass hepatocytes.
AB  - The diagnostic significance of orcein, aldehydthionine, and chromotrope
      anilinblue stains for the demonstration of HBsAg containing hepatocytes was
      investigated in 602 unselected liver biopsies. Five types of specifically stained
      ground-glass hepatocytes (GGH) were distinguished: Type I showed a positive
      staining reaction of the cytoplasmic periphery (marginal GGH), type II a diffuse
      staining of the total cytoplasm (diffuse GGH). Type III contained round or oval
      globular positive cytoplasmic masses (globular GGH). Type IV showed only very
      small round, drop-like or sickle-shaped positive structures (spotty GGH). The GGH
      with fatty changes were designated as type V. In all carriers and patients with
      minimal hepatitis GGH, mostly type I and II, appeared in extensive clusters
      within the lobules. In chronic persistent hepatitis, there were moderately
      numerous, partly grouped, partly disseminated ground-glass hepatocytes of type II
      and III. In chronic active hepatitis there were only a few GGH of type IV. In
      acute viral hepatitis, there were no typical GGH, however, positively stained
      phagocytes were seen. The intracellular antigen localization and the intralobular
      distribution of GGH are considered to be the result of an immune reaction. Single
      so-called 'metabolic' GGH sometimes showed similar pictures. However, they could
      usually be distinguished from virus containing GGH because of their granular
      cytoplasmic structure and a lower staining intensity in the applied stains. Among
      the three stains the orcein stain yielded the best results. In some cases with
      HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis virus infection could not be proved by
      means of staining.

PMID- 160118
TI  - Carcinogenicity of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride in BALB/c mice.
      Influence of the route of administration and dosage.
AB  - The carcinogenicity of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) by oral,
      intragastric and subcutaneous administration was examined in 339 BALB/c mice.
      Subcutaneous injection of DMH induced intestinal tumors in the lower colon of all
      mice. After oral administration it induced a high incidence of vascular tumors in
      the liver and soft tissues, but colon tumors were found in only 2 mice when given
      at a high dosage. On intragastric administration, it induced a fairly high
      incidence both of colon and vascular tumors. The sites and incidences of vascular
      tumors and squamous cell carcinomas of the perianal glands were also described.

PMID- 160119
TI  - [Light and electron microscopic liver changes in the cerebro-hepato-renal
      syndrome of Zellweger (Peroxisome deficiency) (author's transl)].

PMID- 160120
TI  - Possible evidence for secondary degeneration of central nervous system in the
      pathogenesis of anencephaly and brain dysraphia. A study in young human fetuses.
AB  - In an attempt to help elucidate pathogenetically those human cases exemplifying
      secondary degeneration of the neural tube causing brain dysraphia, macroscopic
      and histologic observations of two young human fetuses are described. A nine-week
      old anencephalic fetus exhibited an absence of spinal cord (amyelia) with
      retention of neural crest derivatives (dorsal root ganglion cells and thusir
      processes, and sympathetic ganglia) implying the presence of a neural tube in
      early gestation. The second, ten-week-old exencephalic case exhibited restricted
      brain hemorrhage and necrosis of the telencephalon and brain stem amongst
      otherwise normal brain and spinal cord tissue. These two young fetal cases may
      represent examples of a previously normal neural tube which has undergone
      degeneration at a stage where neural crest has already undergone differentiation,
      and thus distinguishes them from cases of complete dysraphism which probably
      results from primary degeneration during neurulation.

PMID- 160121
TI  - Changes in the small biliary passages in the hepatic localization of Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - The authors have investigated the behaviour of the small biliary passages in the
      liver biopsies of six patients suffering from untreated Hodgkin's disease with
      hepatic localization. No obstruction of the major bile ducts was demonstrated in
      any patient. Three of the patients were anicteric, while the three others
      presented with jaundice. In the first three cases typical Hodgkin's granulation
      tissue appears to be limited to portal tracts and collagen reaction is virtually
      absent. The three cases with cholestasis showed granulomatous tissue associated
      with heavy connective tissue rearrangement invading and dissociating the lobular
      structure. They also show a conspicuous bile-duct proliferation, which is not
      observed in the three anicteric patients. In these latter cases, however, the
      small bile ducts running within or near the granulomatous tissue present various
      morphologic changes, including basal membrane thickening, dilation or
      constriction of the lumen and alterations of the biliary epithelial lining.
      Complete disappearance of the bile duct may occur.

PMID- 160122
TI  - [The pathogenesis of the calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin-cyst) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 160123
TI  - Dissecting aneurysm of cerebral arteries in childhood and adolescence. Case
      report and literature review of 20 cases.
AB  - A nine year old girl died with a massive infarct of the right cerebral hemisphere
      causing transtentorial and foramen magnum herniation. The infarction was
      secondary to an idiopathic dissecting aneurysm. The case is unusual in that the
      supraclinoid segment of the right internal carotid artery, the anterior cerebral
      artery, and the middle cerebral artery and its three branches were embedded and
      sectioned longitudinally. The dissection commenced in the supraclinoid segment of
      the right internal carotid artery, extended into the middle and anterior cerebral
      arteries, and was accompanied by thrombosis of the false lumen. A literature
      review of 20 pediatric cases indicates the malignant natural course of the
      disease (76% mortality in the first two months), and emphasizes the
      characteristic angiographic "string sign". The diagnosis of cerebral arterial
      dissection during life depends on angiography and a high index of suspicion.

PMID- 160124
TI  - Fine structural evidence of increased endothelial permeability in chronic
      lathyrism.
AB  - The endothelium of the thoracic aorta of Wistar rats intoxicated with Beta
      Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) for 9 weeks was studied. The animals were sacrificed at
      intervals, from the first to the 9th week of the treatment and 1, 2 and 3 months
      after the end of the treatment. Changes in the endothelial cells were studied by
      electron microscopy after staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, after
      impregnation with lanthanum. BAPN increased endothelial permeability, pinocytosis
      was more active in treated rats than controls, the intercellular junctions
      widened and cytoplasmic lesions with cell necrosis occurred. These intimal
      changes were comparable to those observed in man during ageing and in
      arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 160125
TI  - The trabecular meshwork of a non-glaucomatous eye with the exfoliation syndrome.
      Electronmicroscopic study.
AB  - The trabecular meshwork of a non-glaucomatous eye with the exfoliation syndrome
      was investigated. The exfoliation material was found mainly in massive deposits
      in the subendothelial region of the outer and inner wall of Schlemm's canal, in
      the cribriform area and the uveal meshwork. The other alterations of the
      trabeculum corneosclerale corresponded to the age of the patient. The concept
      that the accumulation of exfoliation material is an important pathogenetic factor
      in the development of glaucoma was not confirmed by this study.

PMID- 160126
TI  - Large basophilic cells in the bone marrow in iron deficiency anemia.
AB  - Many large cells with a strongly basophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with a
      delicate chromatin pattern and large nucleoli were studied in 1 mu sections of
      core biopsies in 8 patients with iron deficiency anemia and in 5 patients with
      pernicious anemia. In 2 normal controls these cells were rare. Possible features
      of granulocytic differentiation were assessed with the Giemsa stain and with the
      naphtol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase reaction which is indicative of early granule
      formation: the large cells were constantly negative. In thin sections the
      morphological appearances of the large basophilic cells are rather similar in
      such different haematological disorders as pernicious anemia or iron deficiency
      anemia. A clear difference can be demonstrated by karyometry, which shows that
      the large basophilic cells in pernicious anemia are significantly larger than
      those in iron deficiency anemia or in the normal control.

PMID- 160127
TI  - Differential modes of processing and decay for the major N-dependent RNA
      transcript of coliphage lambda.

PMID- 160128
TI  - The induction of a mutant prophage lambda in Escherichia coli: a rapid screening
      test for carcinogens.

PMID- 160129
TI  - Relation between bacteriophage T4 DNA replication and late transcription in vitro
      and in vivo.

PMID- 160130
TI  - [Body vitamin allowance study of operators].

PMID- 160131
TI  - [Posthypoxic changes in the metabolism of the developing brain].
AB  - Effect of intranatal hypoxia on content of adenylic nucleotides, glycogen, lactic
      acid as well as on activity of ATP-ases and concentration of free amino acids was
      studied in rat brain tissue at various periods of postnatal development (I day-5
      months). Acute hypoxia was accompanied by a decrease in content of adenylic
      nucleotides and glycogen, by an increase in concentration of lactic acid and by a
      decrease in activity of ATP-ases. During the subsequent periods, in brain tissue
      of animals, subjected to hypoxia, posthypoxic activation of energy metabolism was
      found, which depended apparently on the decreased intensity of plastic processes
      during the phase of active growth and of neurone differentiation. Content of the
      essential amino acids, actively participating in protein synthesis, was increased
      but concentration of nonessential amino acids was decreased at this step. The
      subsequent decrease in content of macroergic compounds, increase in concentration
      of lactic acid and inorganic phosphate as well as the decrease in activity of ATP
      ases were observed in 1.5-2 months old experimental animals. The biochemical and
      mophological data suggest that intranatal hypoxia is responsible for irreversible
      impairments in developing brain.

PMID- 160132
TI  - [Participation of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions and the corresponding ATPases in the
      mechanism of the presynaptic action of amisyl and arecoline].
AB  - Amisyle and arecoline were found to be antagonistic drugs in the effect on
      content of Mg2+ and Ca2+ and on activity of corresponding ATPases in synaptosomes
      isolated from rat brain. Amisyle promoted the incorporation of 45Ca into
      synaptosomes but arecoline inhibited the reaction. The appear to be responsible
      for liberation and maintaining of neurotransmitters in presinaptic stores.

PMID- 160133
TI  - [Professor Nikolai Alekseevich Karpov (on the 80th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 160134
TI  - [Professor Samuil Naumovich Aleksandrov (on the 60th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 160135
TI  - [Professor Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Gabelov (on the 60th anniversary of his
      birth)].

PMID- 160137
TI  - [Modern diagnosis of immune nephritis].

PMID- 160136
TI  - [State of child nutrition in Uzbekistan and the tasks for its further
      improvement].

PMID- 160138
TI  - Early detection of handicap in children.

PMID- 160139
TI  - Conservatorship: an involuntary legal status for 'gravely disabled' mentally
      disordered persons.
AB  - Since 1969 in California, conservatorship has been the only form of civil,
      longterm involuntary psychiatric legal process. It does not require hospital
      based treatment. This paper reports a preliminary study of this process through a
      retrospective analysis of conservatorship records in Sacramento County,
      California, from 1969 through 1976. There is a steady overall increase in the
      incidence of conservatorships each year. A dramatic decrease in state hospital
      admissions preceded this increase. Referrals were predominantly (69 percent) from
      the private sector. Once the first legal step was taken 87 percent of the
      patients completed the process and were placed on full conservatorship. Median
      age was 50; 52 percent were male and 90 percent were white. The relative
      proportion of single persons was high (45 percent). Diagnoses of schizophrenia
      and organic brain syndrome accounted for 86 percent of conservatees. About half
      (52 percent) terminate conservatorship after one year. No data were found which
      could be related to the character of treatment of conservatees. Future research
      in this area is urgently needed.

PMID- 160140
TI  - [Control of monieziasis and gastrointestinal and pulmonary threadworms in sheep
      with fenbendazole].

PMID- 160141
TI  - [Ocular signs in cases of down's syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - 420 mongoloid children aged between one month and 14 years were examined in a
      special ophthalmology department for disabled children employing biomicroscopy,
      retinoscopy under atropine and, if possible, visual acuity testing. Epicanthal
      folds were present in 46%, mongoloid slanting of the lids in 72% of cases. A
      decrease in binocular vision was present in 40% of the children. Brushfield's
      spots were encountered in 86% of the patients in a circular arrangement, whilst
      in 7% only the temporal half of the iris was involved. Lens changes of a variable
      degree were present in altogether 55% of cases and an increase in the number of
      retinal vessels, as well as their radial arrangement, as described by Williams,
      were documented in 46% of the cases. A comparison of the incidence and degree of
      refractive anomalies in mongoloid and normal children was undertaken. The present
      findings are discussed and compared with the results of other investigators.

PMID- 160143
TI  - [Medical genetic counseling].

PMID- 160144
TI  - [Earning disability in society; our goal: an integrated perspective].

PMID- 160142
TI  - [Clinical experience with levamisole treatment of patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (author's transl)].
AB  - Levamisole treatment was started in 8 patients with inactive SLE. Four patients,
      who have now been followed up for over 12 months, have not shown clinical
      deterioration. Three of these patients received concomitant maintenance
      corticosteroid therapy, the dosage of which could be reduced in each case. A
      decrease in anti-DNA antibodies was observed in all 4 patients. Levamisole had to
      be withdrawn in the other 4 patients. One patient developed an exacerbation of
      her LE skin manifestations after two months, whilst in another patient fever and
      skin rash (probably drug-induced) were observed after one month. The cooperation
      of the 2 other patients was not satisfactory and the drug had, thus, to be
      withdrawn. In conclusion, 4 out of 8 patients with SLE showed a beneficial
      response to levamisole therapy.

PMID- 160145
TI  - [Computer-Cardiotomography (author's transl)].
AB  - Based on our first 200 investigations computed tomography of the heart is
      demonstrated as a new non-invasive roentgenography on typical examples and
      compared with the findings of the conventional roentgenogram. With the present
      technology the following indications for computed tomography of the heart seem to
      be reasonable: Calculation of size and volume of the cavities of the heart;
      intracavitary space occupying lesions (tumor, thrombus): demonstration of the
      thickness of the ventricular wall and ventricular septum and their changes caused
      by hypertrophy, myocardial infarction or septal defect; demonstration of aortic
      and ventricular aneurysm; demonstration of pericardial effusion, pericardial
      tumor, pericardial cyst of lipoma.

PMID- 160146
TI  - [Long-term treatment of bradycardia by means of an atropine ester (SCH 1000).
      Electrophysiological and clinical results].
AB  - Electrophysiological effects of the atropin ester Ipatropiumbromide (SCH 1000)
      were investigated in 15 patients by His electrocardiography and high frequency
      atrial stimulation. Heart rate increased by 50% of base line heart rate, PA- and
      AH-intervals and sinus node recovery time decreased, the HF-interval remained
      unchanged. Physiological av-block by atrial stimulation occurred at significant
      higher stimulation frequencies with SCH 1000 than without medication. Additional
      15 patients were treated for a longer follow-up period. Increase of resting heart
      rate averaged 15%. Equivocal effects on heart rate were found with exercise after
      SCH 1000. Non-cardiac side effects were found in 5 patients.

PMID- 160147
TI  - A histochemical study of the neuro-muscular spindles in the tongue of some
      rodents.
AB  - An investigation was undertaken to study the Neuro-muscular spindles in the
      tongue (Rattus rattus rufescens and Suncus murinus) by cholinesterase technique,
      under maintained pH of 5.2, incubation period 20 h., and temperature 38 degrees C
      (Rattus) and 39 degrees C (Suncus). Neuro-muscular spindles were observed
      frequently distributed from anterior to posterior of the tongue and took a little
      darker stain than the ordinary muscle fibres (negatively stained) while the nerve
      fibres and ganglia took still darker stain. Nerve fibres (myelinated, non
      myelinated and tortuous) were seen penetrating and embracing the muscle spindles
      and most of them ran parallel to the spindles. Ganglia of various shapes (oval,
      irregular, elongated and rounded) and sizes (large, Rattus and medium and small,
      Suncus) were AChE-positive. Ganglia small and medium in size, rounded and
      elongated in shape were arranged in chain-like fashion on the muscle spindles in
      Suncus (Fig. 9, 10). The blood vessels (artery, vein, and capillary) were
      recorded either in close association with the muscle spindles or lying parallel
      to it. In all cases they were closely related and deeply associate either with
      the nerve fibres of the plexus of the muscle spindles or with the nerve fibres of
      the neural network of vessel. Perivascular and perimuscular ganglia with pre- and
      postganglionic nerve fibres were closely related to each other. Nerve endings,
      dot-like (Rattus) and bulb-like (Suncus) were occasionally recorded. AChE
      activity was found randomly in the muscle spindles (Fig. 2, 5.) and in the form
      of dark brown patches in the ordinary muscle fibres.

PMID- 160148
TI  - [Immunopathology in the infectious process].

PMID- 160149
TI  - [Laparoscopy in abdominal surgery].

PMID- 160151
TI  - [Experimental studies on the use of direct bonding in dental orthopedics
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Plastic filling materials of the Noracryl 100 and Evicrol type were used on
      twenty extracted teeth as adhesives for direct bonding. The two plastic materials
      did not differ in fatigue and tear-off test results.--The values of tensile
      strength were many times those of therapeutically effective orthodontic forces.
      Using replicas and scanning electron micrographs of the enamel surface, it was
      possible to show that, after bracket removal and polishing, residues of Noracryl
      are more easily removable than those of Evicrol.--Initial clinical tests allowed
      these results to be verified.

PMID- 160150
TI  - [New method of sampling cellular material from the nasal mucosa].

PMID- 160152
TI  - [First results of experimental animal studies on pervascular effects of
      indwelling intravasal catheters upon free tissue grafts. First communication
      (author's transl)].
AB  - This is the first in a series of two papers reporting first results of studies
      made to set up a basic model of intraarterial perfusions in free tissue grafts.
      Epidermal tissue grafts were obtained from thirty-two domestic pigs prior to
      slaughtering and pervascularly perfused for twelve to ninety-six hours.
      Histological examinations showed that it is possible for tissue necrosis to be
      arrested as a prerequisite of subsequent in vivo experiments performed with the
      object of pervascularly supporting the healing-in of tissue grafts.

PMID- 160154
TI  - [Injuries to the facial portion of the skull and their late effects in children
      and juveniles - a 10-year analysis (author's transl)].
AB  - A 10-year analysis comprising a total of 534 patients was used to study the
      histories of 192 puerile and juvenile patients with maxillofacial injuries. The
      proportion of children up to ten and fifteen years of age was 11.4 percent and
      16.1 percent, respectively. Clinical and roentgenological reexaminations could be
      made of 139 patients. Typical fracture localizations and the frequency of late
      effects observed in the facial skeleton and dental system are discussed. It was
      possible for late damage to former tooth germs in the cleft of fracture to be
      observed in every second patient. Disturbances of growth after fractures of the
      body of mandible and the mid-facial skeleton were not noted. Among 33 patients
      with temporomandibular fractures, there were observed 5 cases showing different
      degrees of disturbed growth. The therapeutic approach chosen according to age and
      localization of fracture is described in detail.

PMID- 160153
TI  - [Submicroscopic localization of endogenous peroxidase activity in the oral
      mucosal epithelium of man (author's transl)].
AB  - Using electron microscopy, the authors localized endogenous peroxidase activity
      in the buccal mucosal and alveolar process epithelium. A positive reaction could
      be demonstrated in all epithelial layers. The number of positive structures was
      greatest in the spinous layer. The reaction product is of a granular nature and
      is localized in the microperoxysomes. The reaction of lipofuscin granules,
      lysosomes, and telolysosomes in the upper epithelial layers is considered to be
      of none enzymatic origin. The importance of endogenous peroxidase to tissue is
      discussed in detail.

PMID- 160155
TI  - [Interdisciplinary cooperation of internists and maxillomandibular surgeons in
      the treatment of hemophiliacs (author's transl)].
AB  - The treatment of hemophiliacs at the Jena Center of Hemophilia is described from
      a stomatological point of view, the emphasis being on the advantage involved in
      treatment on an outpatient basis by close cooperation between stomatologists and
      internists. The clinical results obtained show quite clearly that this particular
      method of treatment has proved useful. Finally, the method of using GRF type
      adhesives is discussed critically, and substitution therapy, which is
      prerequisite to surgical operations performed on hemophiliacs, is recommended to
      be continued to be used.

PMID- 160156
TI  - [Studies on primary hyperparathyroidism with particular reference to osteal
      manifestations in the maxillofacial region (author's transl)].
AB  - After a brief review of the pathophysiological relationships determined for
      primary hyperparathyroidism, osteal manifestations of this condition are
      discussed. The importance of a histological demonstration of pathognomonic
      dissecting fibro-osteoclasia in iliac crest biopsy and in the marginal region of
      so-called brown tumors is pointed out in connection with results obtained by
      diagnosis in general and differential diagnosis in particular. The occurrence in
      the maxillofacial region of Recklinghausen's generalized fibrous osteodystrophy
      is described with reference to a particular case history, and the diagnostic
      value of clinical and roentgenological, laboratory-diagnosis and histological
      criteria is determined.

PMID- 160158
TI  - [Thrombelastographic studies made to objectify the effects of Grisaldon upon the
      process of coagulation (author's transl)].
AB  - Thrombelastographic studies of the mode of action of Grisaldon showed that this
      preparation, unlike the pure substance of acetylsalicylic acid, has no
      appreciable coagulation-accelerating and fibrin-stabilizing effects. In addition,
      it was possible to show that an antifibrinolytic effect of the p-oxybenzoic acid
      propyl ester (Grisaldon component), which has been described in the literature,
      is not produced.

PMID- 160157
TI  - [Comparson of occlusal conditions in juveniles from residential areas with
      different drinking water fluoride contents (author's transl)].
AB  - The investigations reported in this paper were conducted in Karl-Marx-Stadt after
      16 years from the introduction of drinking water fluoridation (1.0 ppm F), with a
      total of 792 randomly selected juveniles (whose average age was 14.9 years) being
      examined. Serving as a control group were 780 juveniles of the same age (15.4
      years). The control persons were from Leipzig (0.2 ppm F). Included in the
      comparison with metric occlusal traits, use being made in this connection of the
      method for measuring occlusal traits, which was recommended in 1973 by an F.D.I.
      commission (COCSTOC-MOT). Despite  the considerable reduction of caries in the
      deciduous dentition and the change in the eruptive behavior of permanent teeth,
      which is of great importance of the development, of dentition, no systematic
      differences could be observed between the two groups of subjects. An improvement
      in the occlusal conditions could not, after consumption of drinking water with an
      optimum fluoride content, be convincingly demonstrated by means of the
      epidemiological method used in these investigations.

PMID- 160159
TI  - [Determining the overall density of permanent human teeth and its relation to the
      carrier's age (author's transl)].
AB  - (1) The pyknometer method was used to determine the specific gravity of the
      roots, central portions (necks), and crowns of 130 human teeth (incisors,
      canines, premolars, molars) obtained during autopsies. The overall density or
      specific gravity was calculated as the mean of the values obtained for these
      portions of permanent teeth. To test the relation between the total specific
      gravity and the carrier's individual age, a simple linear regression was
      calculated. It was not possible for a definite relation to be found between the
      specific gravities of teeth and the age of their carriers. (2) Limits to
      determining the individual age from the specific gravity of teeth are set
      especially by the factors discussed in this paper, by pathological influences,
      and by variations of specific gravity within isolated hard dental tissue. In
      human teeth, age-dependent physiosclerosis of bradytrophic tissue obviously is in
      the form of re- or transmineralization without major changes in the degree of
      mineralization and is usually overlapped by other phenomena. In addition,
      preparative and technical faults may result in false specific gravities being
      obtained. (3) Specific gravities of portions of teeth and total specific
      gravities determined therefrom cannot be used to find the carrier's age and,
      therefore, should be dismissed as means of identifying age by methods of forensic
      stomatology.

PMID- 160160
TI  - [Experience in the treatment of pain-dysfunction syndromes by myogymnastic
      exercises with particular reference to 96 reexamined patients (author's transl)].
AB  - In 1975, a total of 165 patients with myoarthropathies were treated by
      myotherapy. Through the use of a program of step-by-step therapy, which included
      myogymnastic selftreatment in addition to psychotherpay and repair of teeth, 77.6
      percent of 96 reexamined patients were made free from complaints. Fuller
      utilization of the possibilities of causal therapy would certainly have allowed a
      higher rate of success to be achieved using the simplified program of exercises
      described in this paper. Experimental evidence could be presented in support of
      the assumption that parodontal damage may be caused to uncorrected sites of
      abnormal occlusion in the course of myogymnastic therapy.

PMID- 160162
TI  - [Median life expectancy and the prospects for its change in Leningrad].

PMID- 160161
TI  - [Autoradiographic determinations of carbon-14-labeled monomers and residual
      monomers in the tissues of Wistar rats after implantation of cold-polymerizing
      polymethyl methacrylate (bone cement) (author's transl)].
AB  - Self-setting acrylics, named bone cement, are taken for the reconstruction of
      bone defects, for the fixation of endothesis and fractures. A disadvantage of
      these rapid-cure acrylic compounds is the toxicity of its monomer.
      Infraredspectrographic measurements showed an absolute content of 12,3 per cent
      monomer in an acrylic-resin-compound-implant. In order to perseive the
      incorporation of the diffused monomer after implantation of bone cement in rats,
      the monomer were marked with 14C (radioactive carbon). The autoradiographic
      examination revealed the excretion of the marked monomer in the urine and an
      accumulation in kidney, liver and lungs. The results were demonstrated.

PMID- 160164
TI  - [Experience in decreasing lethality in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal
      cavity organs].

PMID- 160163
TI  - [Functional evaluation of the state of health of the adult population].

PMID- 160165
TI  - [Results of the work and the tasks of this journal].

PMID- 160166
TI  - [Assessment of the quality of physician professional training in the internship].

PMID- 160167
TI  - [Operative surgery and topographic anatomy in the system of practical student
      training].

PMID- 160168
TI  - [Problems demanding decisions].

PMID- 160169
TI  - [Characteristics of shigella R-factors according to incompatibility groups].

PMID- 160170
TI  - [Phage typing and lysogen typing of Staphylococcus aureus].
AB  - A comparison was made between the results of phage and lysogenic typing of S.
      aureus strains isolated during several outbreaks of staphylococcal infection and
      S. aureus cultures isolated from the same carriers at different periods. The
      study of the groups of strains having the same origin showed that the differences
      in the number of reactions were more pronounced in lysogenic typing than in phage
      typing. For this reason lysogenic typing can be recommended only for the
      identification of those strains which cannot be identified with the use of the
      phages of the International Basic Set. The results of the experiments with
      induced phages proliferating in a restriction-defective strain indicated that
      restriction and modification were mainly responsible for the specificity of lytic
      reactions.

PMID- 160171
TI  - [Determination of sero- and biovariants of foreign and Soviet strains of Yersinia
      enterocolitica].
AB  - The results of the typing of the biochemical and serological variants of Yersinia
      enterocolitica strains from the USSR (10 strains) and other countries (32
      strains) are presented. Most of these strains, belonging to biovars 1 and 5,
      could be determined with the use of the antigenic scheme which was proposed by
      Knapp only for biovars 2, 3 and 4. The strains isolated in Leningrad and in the
      Far East were found to belong to serovars 6,30; 7,8; 12,25 and 5B according to
      the scheme proposed by Wauters; of these, the last one corresponds to serovar IV
      in Knapp's scheme.

PMID- 160172
TI  - [Immunomorphologic study of experimental enteric anc combined vaccination against
      cholera].
AB  - As a result of the enteral and combined subcutaneous-enteral immunization of
      adult rabbits with cholerogen toxoid and the specific fraction of chemical
      cholera vaccine in tablets immunological transformation occurred in the organism
      and a "protective" barrier consisting of antibody-containing cells was formed in
      the intestine on days 3-5. The combined method of immunization with cholera
      vaccine proved to be essentially as effective as enteral immunization in 2
      administrations.

PMID- 160173
TI  - [Suppressing action of splenic cells on macrophage phagocytic activity].
AB  - The culture media withdrawn from 18-hour cultures of live spleen cells suppressed
      the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice. The level of
      suppression, as estimated for an equal number of spleen cells, varied in
      individual animals, which seemed to be connected with the level of normal
      infection in the animals. In the process of development of Ehrlich's carcinoma in
      mice suppressors were produced in the spleen in an increased amount, but only in
      connection with the total increase in the number of spleen cells, and not due to
      the selective accumulation of suppressor cells.

PMID- 160175
TI  - [Mikhail Alekseevich Zakharchenko (100th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 160174
TI  - [HLA antigens in certain hereditary diseases of the central nervous system].

PMID- 160176
TI  - [A study on the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis of open heart surgery
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 160177
TI  - [Scintigraphy in cardiomyopathy].
AB  - The function of the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) was evaluated in
      32 patients with congestive cardiomyopathies (COCM), 10 patients with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and 21 normal subjects (N). In all these
      patients myocardial perfusion was analysed using quantitative 201 Tl myocardial
      perfusion imaging. In COCM parameters of RV and LV performance were significantly
      reduced (p less than 0.01); regional wall motion analysis revealed a reduced
      radial shortening ability. Regional Tl-distribution was not different in COCM and
      N; however, relative Tl-uptake was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05). 80%
      of all patients with COCM showed the RV free wall on Tl-perfusion scintigrams.
      These scintigraphic aspects allow a noninvasive differentiation of a disturbed LV
      function and the classification of coronary and primary myocardial etiology. In
      patients with COCM the scintigraphically determined thickness of septum and free
      wall of LV was increased as compared to N (p less than 0.05). The ratio
      septum/lateral wall of LV averaged 1.3 +/- 0.20. Quantitative analysis of
      regional Tl-uptake revealed increased segmental relative Tl-uptake. In the
      majority of patients there was a disproportionate septal hypertrophy on the gated
      blood pool scan in LAO. These radionuclide techniques allow a dynamic two
      dimensional evaluation of the interventricular septum and the LV.

PMID- 160178
TI  - [Vagus mediated elevation of respiratory resistance in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction].
AB  - Changes in pulmonary function have been reported in patients after uncomplicated
      myocardial infarction, with reduction in lung volumes and flow rates. The
      significant increase in oscillatory resistance and impedance of the lung, was
      seen on the first day after myocardial infarction. The application of
      ipratropiumbromid, an anticholinergic broncholytic agent, significantly decreased
      oscillatory resistance and impedance, on the first day, but not to the same
      extent, after the fourth day. The reduction of oscillatory resistance and
      impedance could be attributed to blockade of a vagal mediated
      bronchoconstriction, which predominantly affects the small airways. The observed
      changes in pulmonary function, could therefore not only be due to congestion with
      increase in extravascular pulmonary fluid, but in the acute phase of myocardial
      infarction, also due to a reflex mechanism in which vagal mediated
      bronchoconstriction is demonstrated.

PMID- 160179
TI  - Thymus actin: preparation and characterization.
AB  - A combination of the C-gamma alumina adsorption technique of Lindberg, U. Skoog,
      L. 1970. Eur. J. Biochem. 13 326-335 with the traditional actin purification
      procedure (polymerization-depolymerization) yielded a simple method for the
      preparation of actin from fresh or acetone-dried thymus tissue. Actin obtained by
      this procedure from thymus was homogeneous and comigrated with skeletal actin in
      SDS gel electrophoresis. In isoelectric focusing it was shown to contain beta and
      gamma actin. Thymus actin polymerized poorly or not at all. It was native,
      however, as judged from its DN-ase I inhibiting activity which equalled that of
      skeletal actin. It also activated skeletal myosin ATP-ase but to a lesser extent
      than skeletal actin. On addition of HMM to thymus G actin, decorated filaments
      formed abundantly.

PMID- 160180
TI  - [Disturbances of spatial memory in dementia].

PMID- 160181
TI  - Human suppressor cells.

PMID- 160182
TI  - The mechanism of release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. II.
      Altered activity ratios of GOT to GPT in serum and liver of patients with liver
      diseases.
AB  - The activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic
      transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD) were determined in liver
      biopsy specimens and sera of patients with various liver diseases. Mitochondrial
      and cytosol isozymes of GOT were also separated for their assay. The activity
      ratio of GOT/GPT in serum was found to reflect the ratio in liver cytosol. The
      increased ratio in advanced or severe liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis,
      was due to the greater decrease in liver cytosol GPT activity, this being
      pronounced in primary hepatoma. The activity of GLD decreased similarly but less
      markedly. The relatively greater decrease in GPT compared with GOT in advanced
      liver diseases was not mainly due to leakage of the enzyme from the liver, but to
      a specific mechanism associated with hepatic injury or its progression. Other
      pathological conditions of the liver such as those in obstructive jaundice and
      alcoholic liver injury also appeared to result in reduced liver GPT activity,
      which was reflected in the serum as an increased GOT/GPT ratio.

PMID- 160183
TI  - The tumor-forming type of multiple myeloma. I. Biological behavior.
AB  - A total of 45 cases of multiple myeloma has been followed up clinically during
      the period from 7 to 80 months. Out of these, six patients (13.3%) were diagnosed
      to be the tumor-forming type; they developed discrete tumor formation at the
      disease onset or during clinical observation. Biological behavior of these cases
      is briefly outlined. Histologically, five cases presented with well or moderately
      well differentiated plasma cells according to the grading made by Pasmantier and
      Azar. The remaining one case was poorly differentiated in cell maturity, and with
      electron and immunofluorescence microscopies, proved to be of plasmacytic nature.

PMID- 160184
TI  - Effects of vagotomy on feeding and defecation in guinea pigs.
AB  - The effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on food intake and defecation was studied
      in guinea pigs. Weights of food and feces were measured for at least three weeks
      after vagotomy. The weight of daily food intake and feces evacuated increased
      about 15 and 30% after vagotomy compared with controls whereas it did not change
      in sham operated animals. The weight of scybalum decreased after vagotomy
      although the number increased markedly. It was considered that an increase in
      food intake after vagotomy may result from blocking of satiety signals mediated
      by the vagus; moreover, that the increase in feces may depend on the enhancement
      of scybalum formation in the proximal colon resulting from increasing food intake
      and transportation of the larger amount of the contents after vagotomy.

PMID- 160185
TI  - Effect of glucose and oxygen on the structure of the plasma membrane of
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The effects of glucose and oxygen on the formation of the plasma membrane of
      Staphylococcus aureus were studied. Phospholipids were consistent components of
      the membrane and were not affected by glucose or oxygen. Phospholipid fatty acids
      in cells grown in glucose containing media were rich in Ceven (C18, C20) fatty
      acid chains, whereas cells grown in glucose deficient media (normal broth) had
      anteiso Codd (C15,C17) fatty acid chains in place of Ceven chains. This may
      indicate increased membrane rigidity of the cells grown in glucose containing
      media. Cytochromes and ATPase were present in the membrane from cells grown in
      normal broth, but were deficient in the cells grown in glucose containing media.
      Polypeptide analysis of the membrane proteins showed a deficiency of the bands
      corresponding to these enzymes. They were not induced by the additionof oxygen to
      cells grown in glucose containing media. It was concluded that glucose was the
      dominant factor inhibiting the formation of these membrane enzymes.

PMID- 160186
TI  - Vectorcardiogram of complete right bundle branch block with left axis deviation
      by the Frank and Kimura systems.
AB  - Vectorcardiogram (VCG) recorded by both the Frank and Kimura systems were
      examined in 45 patients with complete right bundle branch block (RBBB) and left
      axis deviation (LAD) to investigate the relationship seen on electrocardiogram
      (ECG) between RBBB with LAD and bilateral bundle. The sample included: 13 cases
      of type SI, SII, SIII, SaVF; 21 cases of type SI, SII, SIII, aVF; and 11 cases of
      types SI, SII, SIII. VCG recorded by the Frank system were classified into seven
      types according to the QRS loop pattern on the frontal plane and into three types
      according to the horizontal plane. The main findings were: (a) In the Frank
      system the QRS loop in the frontal plane showed a variety of patterns in RBBB
      with LAD. (b) On VCG of complete RBBB judged complicated by a left anterior
      hemiblock by the Frank system, the main portion of the QRS loop extended to the
      left superior or merely to the left in the frontal plane. The direction of
      rotation and position on the horizontal plane were not consistent. (c) The
      results of this study suggest the usefulness of the Kimura system as an auxiliary
      diagnostic technique.

PMID- 160187
TI  - Tumor induction in Swiss mice by filtrable agent and Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Combined inoculation of a cell-free extract of leukotic tissue of D103 mice and
      Salmonella typhimurium into adult Swiss mice induced leukosis and solid tumors.
      The induced solid tumors were histologically multifarious, and were
      transplantable in Swiss mice, but not in other strains of mice.

PMID- 160188
TI  - Preparation of anti-rat albumin antiserum and its application to
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Albumin was highly purified from a commercially available rat albumin preparation
      (Fraction V) using disc electrophoresis. The purified albumin had the same
      antigenicity as Fraction V. A monospecific anti-rat albumin rabbit serum was
      obtained. The antiserum was used in a double antibody quantitative method for
      determining rat albumin.

PMID- 160189
TI  - Effect of peptide fraction isolated from the plasma of patients with myocardial
      infarction on ATP-ase activity in erythrocyte shadows.

PMID- 160190
TI  - Handicapped adolescents--a time for reflection.

PMID- 160191
TI  - Changes of prekallikrein in the cases with disseminated intravascular coagulation
      syndrome.
AB  - Changes of prekallikrein in the cases with DIC were investigated, i.e., DIC cases
      including disseminated metastasis of gastric cancer, acute promyelocytic leukemia
      and endotoxin shock. Therefore, the trigger substances for this paper were the
      pathologic cells of the leukemia, the cultured well differentiated adenocarcinoma
      cells and endotoxin. (1) The lysates of the pathologic cells of the leukemia and
      the cultured cells showed prekallikrein activation. Endotoxin showed
      prekallikrein activation via factor XII. (2) Serine proteases (factor Xa,
      thrombin, plasmin and trypsin) activated prekallikrein in the plasma and the
      purified prekallikrein. (3) Antithrombin III, aprotinin and FOY inhibited
      prekallikrein activation. Antithrombin III was promoted by heparin in its
      inhibitory effect.

PMID- 160192
TI  - Sodium-independent, high-affinity binding of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid in human
      neurological disorders.
AB  - With respect to [3H]GABA-binding in material prepared from human post-mortem
      brain, the following observations have been made: (1) The [3H]GABA binding site
      in the cerebellum has the pharmacological characteristics of the physiological
      GABA-receptor observed in other species. Together with the post-mortem stability
      exhibited for [3H]GABA-binding, this provides an approach for determining the
      functional state of the GABA-receptor in various disease states; (2) In
      Parkinson's disease [3H]GABA-binding in the substantia nigra is significantly
      decreased whereas that in the putamen and caudate nucleus is unaltered. The
      former finding likely indicates that GABA binding sites (receptors) occur on
      nigral dopaminergic cell bodies and/or dendrites. The latter finding may signify
      that relatively few of the striatal [3H]GABA binding sites occur on dopaminergic
      nerve terminals in the human caudate or putamen; (3) In Huntington's disease
      [3H]GABA binding was decreased in the caudate nucleus and putamen, in parallel
      wih the massive cell loss and gliosis observed in this condition. Membranes
      prepared from cerebellar tissue of these patients possessed an increased affinity
      for [3H]GABA-binding; (4) Pre-treatment of cerebellar membranes from control
      brains with Triton-X-100 (0.02%) or phospholipase-C (0.001 units) results in
      kinetic changes very similar to those observed in Huntington's brains. In
      contrast, such treatment was virtually without effect on the IC50 or KD for
      [3H]GABA on cerebellar membranes prepared from Huntington's brains; (5) These
      results imply that a phospholipid, possibly related to
      phosphoglycerolethanolamine, is altered in the membrranes of Huntington's
      patients and that this phospholipid normally has a role in controlling
      accessibility to the GABA-receptor.

PMID- 160193
TI  - GABA in Huntington's chorea, Parkinsonism and schizophrenia.

PMID- 160194
TI  - Expectations of teachers for physically handicapped and normal first grade
      students.
AB  - A descriptive study was conducted to determine whether teachers held different
      student role expectations for physically handicapped first grade students than
      they did for physically normal students. Contrary to predictions, results
      demonstrated that the teachers held statistically significantly higher
      expectations for the physically handicapped students. Such differences might be
      due to social desirability (responding in what appears to be a socially
      acceptable manner), or to a "haloing" of expectations for physically handicapped
      students. The teachers' inflated expectations could result in negative reactions
      toward handicapped students who do not demonstrate anticipated behaviors or live
      up to inflated expectations.

PMID- 160195
TI  - A review of communication systems used by deaf-blind people--Part II.

PMID- 160196
TI  - An electronic feedback constant flow controller for high volume samplers and air
      movers.

PMID- 160197
TI  - A new grouping of intrafusal muscle fibers based on developmental studies of
      muscle spindles in the cat.
AB  - The development of muscle spindles was studied using the tenuissimus muscle of
      the cat. Observations show that the intrafusal muscle fibers develop as two
      separate groups: one group represented by a single nuclear bag fiber while the
      second group comprises the second nuclear bag fiber in association with all the
      nuclear chain fibers. This grouping is most pronounced in the fetus and is
      clearly seen in neonatal kittens (i.e., up to 2 weeks of age). As the intrafusal
      fibers begin to separate from each other, the groupings become less noticeable,
      although this basic pattern is often retained in the adult. The pattern of
      intrafusal fiber grouping is most noticeable in the equatorial regions of the
      spindle and least noticeable in the polar regions. This is not the grouping of
      fibers which would have been expected from a consideration of existing reports on
      muscle spindles. The implications for spindle form and function are considered.

PMID- 160198
TI  - Fiber types in red and white segments of rat sternomastoid muscle.

PMID- 160199
TI  - Years of life lost due to Huntington disease.
AB  - Many genetic diseases shorten the lives of people who have them. Hence, it makes
      sense to speak of years of life lost due to cystic fibrosis or sickle-cell anemia
      or numerous other genetic disorders. In conventional practice, years of life lost
      is calculated for causes of death only, but a genetic disease is better
      understood as a risk-altering state or condition: it acts not at the time of
      death only but from birth onwards. Therefore, we must reformulate the concept of
      years of life lost before applying it to genetic conditions. This has already
      been done for congenital genetic diseases. This paper extends the reformulation
      to diseases with delayed onset. Huntington disease (HD) is used as an example.

PMID- 160200
TI  - Shunt nephritis: demonstration of diphtheroid antigen in glomeruli.
AB  - A 23-year-old girl with a ventriculo-atrial shunt presented with hematuria,
      proteinuria and severe oedema. Diphtheroid organisms were cultured from blood,
      cerebrospinal fluid and the shung valve. Immunoglobulin, complement components
      and diphtheroid antigenic material were demonstrated in the glomeruli by
      immunofluorescence microscopy. Treatment of her shunt infection by shunt
      replacement and antibiotic therapy resulted in slow resolution of her nephritis.
      The slow resolution of her nephritis suggests that prompt resolution of immune
      complex disease due to prolonged bacterial injection cannot always be
      anticipated, even after successful eradication of infection.

PMID- 160201
TI  - Informing parents.

PMID- 160202
TI  - The questionnaire to parents of children with the Down syndrome: how to inform
      the parents and psychological responses to counseling.
AB  - This study determined the experience of 137 sets of parents when they were
      informed that their child had Down syndrome and how they would have preferred
      this matter to have been handled. The survey revealed that the majority of
      parents would have preferred being told as soon as possible, with both of them
      present, and that they had suspected something wrong at the birth of the child.
      This information prompted us to analyze critically the parental experiences and
      to formulate a positive approach, with sensitive, supportive, and progressive
      counseling.

PMID- 160203
TI  - Rights of the handicapped.

PMID- 160204
TI  - Laparoscopic sterilization with the spring clip: instrumentation development and
      current clinical experience.
AB  - Since the original spring clip sterilization studies were reported, a number of
      clinically important modifications to the spring clip and applicator have been
      developed. The spring-loaded clip, manufactured by Richard Wolf Medical
      Instruments Corporation of Chicago, Illinois, and Rocket of London, Inc., London,
      England, and New York, New York can be applied with either a one- or two-incision
      applicator and the clips and applicators currently available incorporate
      improvements to the original prototypes in design, manufacture, and quality
      control. The two-incision applicator is associated with significantly fewer
      misapplications and the high pregnancy rates reported with the original clip and
      applicator have not occurred with the current designs. Comparative studies
      between the clip and band have revealed less operative bleeding and pain
      associated with the clip. The method is appropriate to all women requesting
      sterilization but especially to those in the younger age group who may
      subsequently request reversal because of divorce and remarriage.

PMID- 160205
TI  - Augmented aftercontractions in papillary muscles from rats with cardiac
      hypertrophy.
AB  - Paired-pulse stimulation induced larger aftercontractions in papillary muscles
      from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto
      rats (WKY). To determine whether aftercontraction exaggeration is a general
      characteristic of hypertrophied cardiac muscle, three models were examined: SHRs,
      deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-treated rats, and aorta-constricted rats.
      Responses of pipillary muscles from hypertrophied hearts tested under conditions
      conducive to aftercontraction generation were compared to pipillary muscles from
      WKY or sham-treated controls, respectively. Field-stimulated papillary muscles
      mounted in an oxygenated temperature-controlled physiologic salt solution were
      exposed to calcium concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mM, and temperatures of 27
      degrees C and 17 degrees C. Although testing conditions influenced the
      contractile responses to single stimuli, there was no difference in active
      tension, time to peak tension, or one-half relaxation time between the three
      experimental groups and their respective controls. Paired-pulse stimulation
      induced aftercontractions that were enhanced in high-calcium and low-temperature
      solutions. Under these conditions, papillary muscles from hypertrophied hearts
      developed larger aftercontractions than did their respective controls.

PMID- 160206
TI  - Increased passive stiffness of short-term pressure-overload hypertrophied
      myocardium in cat.
AB  - The passive stress-strain relationship of right ventricular papillary muscles
      from 10 normal and 9 experimental cats with short-term pressure-overload right
      ventricular hypertrophy-failure was examined by plotting the logarithm of
      instantaneous stress (ln sigma) against the natural strain calculated as ln(l/l0)
      where l = instantaneous length and l0 = length at zero force. Such a stress
      strain relationship was well approximated by a linear relationship. The slope K
      obtained from this linear relationship was higher in the hypertrophy-failure
      muscles (normal, 15.01 +/- 0.87 (SEM); hypertrophy-failure, 31.79 +/- 4.09; P
      less than 0.005). The value of the intercept, ln C was similar in the two groups
      (normal, -4.33 +/- 0.20; hypertrophy-failure, -4.71 +/- 0.10). This analysis
      indicates the the ln sigma-natural strain relationship is linear in the papillary
      muscle and the slope of this relationship, an index of stiffness, is increased in
      hypertrophy-failure muscles. Using a three-element muscle model, it is shown that
      increased diastolic stiffness may contribute to the decreased systolic
      performance.

PMID- 160208
TI  - Mainstreaming: the proof is in the implementation.

PMID- 160207
TI  - Correlation studies of morphological and biochemical parameters in human
      ejaculate in various andrological diagnoses. 3rd report. Correlations between
      morphological and biochemical parameters.
AB  - The result of a study of correlations between morphological and biochemical
      parameters in human ejaculate is presented in conclusion of an extensive study of
      these parameters. Basing on these results, for which a statistical significance
      of p less than 0.05 was calculated, it can be stated that higher fructose
      concentrations are associated with lower sperm density; at the same time, the
      higher fructose concentrations correlate with a higher percentage of non-motile
      and of pathologically changed spermatozoa. Similar associations can be
      established for certain substrates which result from fructolysis. The possibility
      of diffusion of enzymes from the cellular components must be considered as
      regards the increased activities of PGK, PGI and ATPase in seminal plasma in the
      presence of greater sperm density. Reliable conclusions about associations
      between morphological characteristics and enzyme activities can be expected in
      the future from appropriate measurements in the cellular elements (spermatozoa,
      round cells) of the ejaculate. The study results provide a further insight into
      the biochemistry of seminal plasma and into the associations between
      morphological and biochemical parameters in the ejaculate.

PMID- 160209
TI  - Ossification in abdominal scars: a rare finding?

PMID- 160210
TI  - Necrotizing dermatitis resulting from hemodialysis with polyvinylchloride tubing.

PMID- 160211
TI  - Abnormal keratan sulphate excretion.
AB  - Simple methods for the detection of keratan sulphate in urine have been applied
      to over 300 urine samples collected from children and adults with bone and
      cartilage dysplasias with or without mental retardation. Abnormal keratan
      sulphate excretion, which is a feature of type IV mucopolysaccharidosis (Morquio
      syndrome), is found in patients with that condition only during childhood.
      Abnormal excretion is also a feature of Kniest dysplasia and GM1 gangliosidosis
      and may be present in a number of other bone and cartilage dysplasias of unknown
      aetiology.

PMID- 160212
TI  - Huntington's disease: abnormality of lymphocyte capping.
AB  - Concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte capping was studied in 30 patients with
      Huntington's disease (HD) and 39 controls. A significant decrease in lymphocyte
      capping was seen in the 24 patients with HD less than 60 years of age compared to
      25 age-matched controls (p less than 0.01); above age 60, differences between
      patients with HD and controls were not significant. These findings lend support
      to previous observations that generalized membrane abnormalities are present in
      patients with HD. Studies of HD lymphocyte capping may permit a detailed analysis
      of membrane function in cells that are readily obtained from living patients.

PMID- 160213
TI  - [Evaluation of secondary pathology. Rheumatism].

PMID- 160214
TI  - The mode of inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by efrapeptin (A23871):
      measurement of substrate effects on rates of inactivation by a tight-binding
      inhibitor.

PMID- 160215
TI  - Regulation of pathways of glucose metabolism in kidney. The effect of
      experimental diabetes on the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway and the
      glucuronate-xylulose pathway.

PMID- 160216
TI  - [Heart valve prostheses in children with reference to 95 cases].
AB  - Over a 10 year period, 95 children aged 15 years and less underwent replacement
      of one or several of their heart valves, usually by a Starr-Edwards ball
      prosthesis. The predominant pathology was rheumatic heart disease and the most
      commonly affected valve was the mitral. Severe symptomatology, heart failure,
      cardiomegaly and high wedged-capillary and pulmonary arterial pressures were
      practically constant findings. Operative mortality was low (3.2%) and the long
      term mortality was 10 patients. With an average follow-up of 40 months, results
      were excellent in the great majority of patients, with complete regression of
      symptoms, cardiomegaly and high capillary and pulmonary arterial pressures.
      Anticoagulant therapy was not systematic and only half the series were so
      treated. Thromboembolic complications were rare, 5.5% patients, but only affected
      those without anticoagulant therapy. The problems of evolving rheumatic disease
      and, above all, of tricuspid incompetence, the persistence of which after surgery
      on the mitral valve seems to be a sign of advanced myocardial damage, are
      discussed.

PMID- 160217
TI  - [Study of two brothers with XYY karyotype including one with mosaicism].

PMID- 160218
TI  - [Radiology in the diagnosis of Goodpasture's syndrome].
AB  - Radiology has an important part to play in Goodpasture's syndrome. The radio
      sympatomatological value of lung changes are clarified and subdivided into
      primary, secondary and mixed, and mention made of the possible significance of
      cardiomegaly, where present. Special attention is paid to the importance of
      radiological exploration of the kidneys for the recognition of changes whose
      concomitance with lung changes may suggest diagnosis of Goodpasture's syndrome.

PMID- 160219
TI  - In vivo cytogenetic screening methods for mutagens, with special reference to the
      micronucleus test.

PMID- 160220
TI  - [Nigmat Abdullaevich Ibadov (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 160221
TI  - [New data on the ambiguous nature of the effects of exogamy on human growth
      processes].
AB  - Growth peculiarities were followed in children of pre-school and school age
      (Ukrainians from Dnepropetrovsk Region, Kumyks, and Avartses from Dagestan,
      Tadjiks, Usbeks and Kirghizes from Middle Asia) with a special reference to
      exogamy estimated both by the presence or absence of relationship between their
      parents and by the distance between their birthplaces denoted as 0, I and II
      degrees of exogamy (DE). In every ethnic groups investigated with transition from
      0 to DE to 1 DE increase in growth activity was noted. Transition from 1 DE to 11
      DE in Ukrainians, Kirghizes and Usbeks was accompanied by some decrease in growth
      activity, while in Kumyks and Avartses it remains at the same level. The
      differences noted could be explained by various demographic conditions in
      population of the regions studied. As the studies demonstrated in Ukrainian
      children, activation in growth processes in the population with 1 DE is followed
      by the appearance of some peculiarities in dermatoglyphics and odontoglyphics
      which were absent in children with 0 DE and 11 DE. The data obtained demonstrate
      a certain role of genetic factors in developmental acceleration displaying at a
      moderate degree of exogamy.

PMID- 160222
TI  - Calcium ion-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity and plasma-membrane
      phosphorylation in the human neutrophil.
AB  - A plasma-membrane fraction was isolated from a post-nuclear extract of human
      neutrophils by centrifugation through a linear sucrose density gradient. This
      fraction exhibited a Ca2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity
      that could be differentiated from mitochondrial or myosin ATPase and from plasma
      membrane Mg2+-dependent ATPase. When assayed in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP,
      the Ca2+-dependent ATPase reaction resulted in the formation of an acid-resistant
      hydroxylamine-sensitive bond between the gamma-[32P] phosphate group and a
      membrane protein subunit with an apparent mol.wt. of 135000. Half-maximal
      activating effect of Ca2+ was found at 82nM and 0.18 microM for the ATPase and
      the formation of the 32P-membrane complex respectively. Generation of the
      phosphorylated product attained the steady state at 0 degrees C by about 30s, and
      was rapidly reversed by ADP. These results suggest that the Ca2+-activated ATPase
      reaction occurs through the formation of a phosphoprotein intermediate, similar
      to that described for some Ca2+-dependent ATPase enzymes associated with Ca2+
      transport. The possibility thus exists that the neutrophil Ca2+-dependent ATPase
      catalyses a process of Ca2+ extrusion from the cell, thereby participating in the
      regulation of several Ca2+-dependent neutrophil functions.

PMID- 160224
TI  - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges by nicotinamide in Chinese hamster lung
      fibroblasts and human lymphoblastoid cells.

PMID- 160223
TI  - Glycogen synthesis by hepatocytes from diabetic rats.
AB  - Hepatocytes prepared from streptozotocin- and alloxan-diabetic rats starved for
      24 h contain 0.5--2% wet wt. of glycogen. Glycogen synthesis in the hepatocytes
      from such rats, after prior depletion of the glycogen by glucagon injection, was
      studied. As distinct from cells from normal animals, there was no glycogen
      synthesis from glucose as sole substrate, even at concentrations of 60 mM. When
      supplied with glucose, a gluconeogenic precursor (lactate, dihydroxyacetone or
      fructose), and with glutamine there was concurrent synthesis of glucose and of
      glycogen. Without glutamine there was little or no glycogen synthesis. The rate
      of glycogen formation was in the same range as for cells from control rats.
      Glutamine addition markedly activated glycogen synthase in cells of starved
      diabetic rats, but there was no effect on phosphorylase. We obtained very little
      synthesis of glycogen with hepatocytes from fed diabetic rats, whereas with
      normal animals, synthesis by such cells equals or exceeds that obtained from
      starved rats. The conversion of synthase b (inactive) into the active form was
      studied in rat liver homogenates. The activation of the synthase in cells from
      starved diabetic rats is somewhat less than that from normal animals, but that
      from fed diabetic rats is markedly decreased compared with that in livers of fed
      control animals or that of starved diabetic animals.

PMID- 160225
TI  - Interaction of Mg+2 with beef heart mitochondrial ATPase (F1).

PMID- 160226
TI  - Absence of ferric enterobactin receptor modification activity in mutants of
      Escherichia coli K-12 lacking protein a.

PMID- 160227
TI  - Effects of potassium on vanadate inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
      from dog cardiac and rabbit skeletal muscle.

PMID- 160228
TI  - MgATP-induced inhibition of the enzymic activity of chloroform-released ox-heart
      mitochondrial ATPase.

PMID- 160229
TI  - Crystallization of coupling factor 1 (CF1) from spinach chloroplast.

PMID- 160230
TI  - Rotenone and oligomycin-like action of trimebutine on liver mitochondria.

PMID- 160231
TI  - Analysis of vasodilatory action of a new nitroester agent, 2-nicotinamidoethyl
      nitrate (SG-75).
AB  - Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75) on cardiovascular system were
      investigated using whole animals and isolated vascular smooth muscles of dogs and
      rabbits. In dogs in vivo SG-75 i.v. produced dose-dependent falls in systemic
      blood pressure (SBP) concomitant with increases in heart rate (HR). Hypotension
      by SG-75 was not affected by propranolol and atropine but slightly inhibited by
      diphenhydramine. Norepinephrine (NE) dose-dependently increased SBP, and SG-75
      could not affect these effects of NE. In dog coronary arterial strips contracted
      with potassium, SG-75 produced a dose-dependent relaxation of these strips. These
      effects of SG-75 were not affected by propranolol and atropine, but slightly
      inhibited by diphenhydramine. NE dose-dependently increased the tension of
      helical strips prepared from rabbit femoral artery, rabbit aorta and dog coronary
      artery. But SG-75 could not alter these effects of NE. The results suggest that
      SG-75 may have not an adrenergic beta-receptor stimulating action, a muscarinic
      action and an adrenergic alpha-receptor blocking action, but an inconsiderable
      histamine-like action. Probably, a main action of SG-75 may be a nitroglycerin
      like action.

PMID- 160232
TI  - [Blood pressure in a rural community in Chile].

PMID- 160233
TI  - [Blood pressure levels of students of 16 to 25 years of age in the urban area of
      Botucatu region, Sao Paulo, Brazile, during 1975].

PMID- 160234
TI  - [Epidemiology Center of the Caribbean (CAREC)].

PMID- 160235
TI  - [International aspects of water chlorination].

PMID- 160236
TI  - [Special Brazilian program of schistosomiasis control: a model].

PMID- 160237
TI  - Effect of Diazepam at the neuromuscular junction. A clinical study.
AB  - In patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia diazepam 0.16 mg kg-1
      had no effect on mechanical twitch height of the adductor pollicis muscle of the
      thumb when the ulnar nerve was stimulated at the wrist. The muscle responses were
      evoked by single, repeated supramaximal stimuli at 0.2 Hz and "train-of-four"
      stimulation at 2 Hz for 2 s. Diazepam 0.16 mg kg-1 had no effect on the depth or
      recovery of neuromuscular blockade produced by suxamethonium, tubocurarine,
      pancuronium, fazadinium or alcuronium.

PMID- 160238
TI  - Regurgitation during pelvic laparoscopy.
AB  - In two of 93 fasting patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic procedures,
      there was evidence of gastric regurgitation to the pharynx. It is suggested that
      prophylactic measures should be taken in such patients to avoid the acid
      aspiration syndrome.

PMID- 160239
TI  - Impaired regulation of erythrocyte autoantibody production after splenectomy.
AB  - C3H mice were given 4 i.p. injections, eac of 2 X 10(8) WAG rat RBC, at weekly
      intervals. The production of erythrocyte autoantibodies elicited by the cross
      reacting rat RBC was assessed using the average direct Coombs' test (DCT) score.
      Autoantibody production reached higher levels and persisted significantly longer
      in mice splenectomized 15 days before the first injection of rat RBC. This
      increased production of autoantibodies was not prevented by injecting each
      splenectomized mouse i.v. with 5 X 10(7) syngeneic spleen cells immediately after
      splenectomy. Similarly, splenectomy of mice already DCT+ significantly prolonged
      autoantibody production which was not prevented by injections of 10(8) cells
      prepared from the spleens removed at splenectomy. Transfer of spleen cells from
      mice already DCT+ to mice before the injections of rat RBC were started in the
      recipients caused a significant reduction in the amount of RBC autoantibodies
      produced. This suppression of autoantibody production was greater in
      unsplenectomized mice than in splenectomized mice. The results show that the
      spleen is involved in the regulation of these erythrocyte autoantibody responses.
      It is hypothesized that, in addition to the cellular component of the spleen, the
      splenic architecture and/or environment contributes to the regulation of
      autoantibody responses.

PMID- 160240
TI  - Thiamphenicol and lupus nephritis. II. The effects of giving the drug from
      weaning to NZBxOUW F1 hybrid female mice.
AB  - Thiamphenicol at the rate of 50 mg/kg/day given to female NZBxOUW F1 hybrid mice
      from weaning and continuing throughout life resulted in a considerable extension
      of lifespan, although this was less than in mice given the same drug dosage from
      first antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity (Simpson, Aarons and Howie, 1979).
      Assessment of the changes in renal dysfunction and renal histology shows that
      thiamphenicol treatment did not prevent the development of immune complex
      glomerulonephritis although the rate of progression of the disease was slower
      than in untreated controls. Thiamphenicol failed to influence greatly the
      progressive anaemia which develops in these mice or to alter the pattern of ANA
      production. Although azotaemia developed in treated mice it was a terminal event.
      It was concluded that the action of thiamphenicol was to depress but not prevent
      immune complex formation possibly by impairing immunoglobulin formation although
      why immunofluorescent ANA formation remained unaffected is not understood.

PMID- 160241
TI  - Evaluation of carcinogenic effect of mineral oil used in the processing of jute
      fibres.
AB  - To evaluate the carcinogenic activity of jute-batching oil (JBO), this substance
      was painted on the skin of ITRC mice up to 300 days. Initially hyper- and
      parakeratosis of the stratum corneum, acanthosis and spongiosis of the stratum
      Malpighii, hyperactivity of fibroblasts, and laying down of collagen fibres in
      the dermis were encountered at 100 days. This was followed by poor hair growth,
      acne formation and ulceration. As time passed, these animals partially adapted
      themselves to the oil-painting so that by 200 days hyperkeratosis and
      parakeratosis of the stratum corneum, as well as acanthosis and spongiosis of the
      stratum Malpighii, had almost disappeared. The ulcers healed and no more acne was
      visible; however, the baldness and loss of hair appendages persisted to 300 days.
      No carcinogenic changes in the skin or in the viscera of these mice were
      observed. On UV and IR spectroscopy no traces of any polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons were found in the JBO sample. Mice, on the other hand, when painted
      with the known carcinogen 3,4 benzpyrene (BP), developed skin tumours, showing
      that the mice used in this study were not cancer-resistant. Also, when JBO was
      applied with BP, the time taken for tumour development in mice was shortened by
      about 4 weeks as compared to another group painted with the same dose of BP
      alone. This suggests a cancer-promoting activity which needs to be investigated
      further.

PMID- 160242
TI  - Bacterial flora of comedones.
AB  - Open comedones from thirty-eight patients with acne vulgaris on the face or back
      were compared for microbial flora. A total of eighty-three comedones from the
      face and sixty-three from the upper back were individually processed for
      quantitative bacterial analysis. The greatest difference between the flora of
      comedones at these two sites was that 44.6% of comedones from the back (compared
      to 9.6% from the face) harboured no aerobic cocci. The decreased prevalence of
      staphylococci in the lesions from the back reflects the relative absence of these
      organisms in isolated follicles from normal uninvolved skin of the back. The
      geometric mean count of anaerobes in comedones from the back was in the same
      range as the count found in isolated follicles in normal uninvolved skin in a
      previous study. This work supports the concept that the bacterial flora of
      comedones is an extension of the follicular flora and may be unrelated to the
      event of comedogenesis.

PMID- 160243
TI  - Pretibial myxoedema: stimulation of mucopolysaccharide production of fibroblasts
      by serum.
AB  - We have shown that sera from normal individuals and from patients with pretibial
      myxoedema contain a factor which simulates mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis in
      normal human skin fibroblasts cultured in vitro. This factor was present in
      larger amounts in sera of patients with pretibial myxoedema. The role of growth
      stimulating factors in serum is reviewed and a hypothesis is put forward that the
      fibroblast stimulating factor is somatomedin and that its presence in increased
      amounts in thyroid disease may lead to pretibial myxoedema.

PMID- 160244
TI  - Warfarin skin necrosis. The role of factor VII.
AB  - Necrosis of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue is a rare complication of therapy
      of with oral anticoagulants, and is related to the use of loading-dose regimes.
      Three cases are reported, and demonstrate that the principal histopathological
      feature is thrombosis within the subcutaneous vasculature. The effect of large
      doses of anticoagulant on the levels of the vitamin K dependent clotting factors
      provides a satisfactory model for the temporal sequence of events in this
      syndrome. The occurrence of intravascular thrombosis with low or absent levels of
      Factor VII indicates that the intrinsic clotting system is of primary importance
      in venous thrombosis. This complication of anticoagulant therapy is not seen if
      loading-dose regimes are avoided.

PMID- 160245
TI  - Regulatory properties of single-headed fragments of scallop myosin.
AB  - Calcium control was studied in single-headed myosin and subfragment-1 (S1)
      preparations obtained by papain digestion of scallop myosin. Single-headed
      myosin, containing light chains in stoichiometric amounts, was calcium regulated;
      in contrast, the actin-activated Mg-ATPase of all S1 species lacked calcium
      sensitivity. Both regulatory and essential light chains were retained by S1 and
      single-headed myosin preparations provided divalent cations were present during
      papain digestion, although a peptide amounting to 10% of the mass was removed
      from regulatory light chains. The modified regulatory light chain retained its
      ability to confer calcium binding and restore calcium sensitivity to the ATPase
      of desensitized myofibrils. Regulatory light chains protected the essential light
      chains from fragmentation by papain. S1 bound regulatory light chains with a
      uniformly high affinity and appeared to consist of a single species. The results
      demonstrate that head to head interactions are not obligatory for calcium
      control, although they may occur in the intact myosin molecule, and suggest a
      role for the subfragment-2 region in calcium regulation of myosin.

PMID- 160246
TI  - Mechanism of the effect of organic solvents and other protein denaturants of
      neocarzinostatin activity.

PMID- 160247
TI  - Protein-lipid interactions. A nuclear magnetic resonance study of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum Ca2,Mg2+-ATPase, lipophilin, and proteolipid apoprotein-lecithin
      systems and a comparison with the effects of cholesterol.
AB  - Deuterium Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra at 34 MHz
      (corresponding to a magnetic field strength of 5.2 T) have been obtained of a
      variety of protein-lipid systems containing specifically deuterated
      phospholipids. The following systems were investigated as a function of
      temperature: sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3)
      complexed with 1-myristoyl-2-(14,14,14-trideuteriomyristoyl)-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (DMPC-d3) or 1,2-bis(16,16,16-trideuteriopalmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (DPPC-k6); human brain lipophilin complexed with DPPC-d6 or 1,2
      bis(6,6-dideuteriopalmitoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC-6,6-d4); beef
      brain myelin proteolipid apoprotein (PLA) reconstituted with DMPC labeled as CD2
      (or CD3) at one or more of positions 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 of the sn-2 chain.
      For purposes of comparison, spectra were also obtained for bilayers containing
      cholesterol (CHOL). The results show that proteins either disorder or have little
      effect on hydrocarbon chain order in membranes above the gel to liquid-crystal
      phase transition temperature (Tc) of the pure lipids. Cholesterol, however,
      causes a very large ordering of the hydrocarbon chains above Tc, but both
      cholesterol and protein prevent chain crystallization (by effectively disordering
      chain packing) immediately below Tc. No evidence for any ordered "boundary lipid"
      in association with protein was found above Tc, perhaps due to the rough nature
      of protein surfaces. Above Tc, exchange between free bilayer and protein
      associated lipid is fast on the time scale of the deuterium NMR experiment
      (greater than or similar to 10(3) s-1). We have also obtained proton-decoupled
      phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra at 60.7 MHz (corresponding to a
      magnetic field strength of 3.5 T) of DMPC, DMPC-AT-Pase, and DMPC-CHOL complexes.
      The results indicate that ATPase and CHOL CAUSE SMALL DECREASES IN 31P chemical
      shielding anisotropies but that in addition ATPase causes a four- to fivefold
      increase in 31P spin-lattice and Carr-Purcell spin-spin relaxation rates,
      suggesting the possibility of polar group protein-lipid interaction leading to
      increased correlation times in the region of the lipid phosphate head group.

PMID- 160248
TI  - Comparative analysis of chicken atrial and ventricular myosins.
AB  - 1. Structural and enzymic properties of myosins from atrial and ventricular
      cardiac muscle of the chicken were investigated and compared with myosins from
      the fast skeletal pectoralis and the slow skeletal anterior latissimus dorsi
      muscle. 2. The Ca2+-ATPase activity, both in function of pH and [K+], of atrial
      myosin closely resembled that of the fast pectoralis myosin, whereas the enzymic
      properties of ventricular myosin were similar to those of slow skeletal myosin.
      3. By sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on gradient gel
      and two-dimensional electrophoresis, involving isoelectric focusing in the first
      dimension and SDS gel electrophoresis in the second dimension, no difference
      could be demonstrated in the light-chain pattern of atrial and ventricular
      myosin. Complete identity was also found between anterior latissimus dorsi and
      cardiac light chains. 4. Electrophoretic analysis of soluble peptides released by
      tryptic digestion of myosin and electron microscopic study of light meromyosin
      paracrystals showed significant differences between the heavy chains of atrial
      and ventricular myosins, as well as between the heavy chains of cardiac and
      skeletal myosins. 5. The results confirm previous immunochemical findings and
      provide direct biochemical evidence for the existence of a new, unique type of
      myosin in the chicken atrial tissue.

PMID- 160249
TI  - Effect of cardiac and skeletal tropomyosin on Mg2+-actomyosin ATPase.
AB  - Tropomyosin, one of the proteins regulating the sarcomere, was prepared from pig
      heart and rabbit skeletal muscles. The effect of these two different tropomyosins
      was studied between 0.5 and 10 mM of Mg2+ at a constant ATP concentration (1 mM)
      on reconstituted actomyosin prepared from pig heart myosin and rabbit skeletal
      actin. Cardiac and skeletal tropomyosin both activated the ATPase at low Mg2+
      concentrations and inhibited it above 3 mM. The pig heart and rabbit skeletal
      tropomyosins which contain two isomers, alpha alpha and alpha beta, respectively
      has very similar effects on actomyosin ATPase.

PMID- 160250
TI  - [Development of concepts concerning autoimmunity and tolerance to the body's own
      antigens].

PMID- 160251
TI  - Microfluorometric study of glycolytic enzymes in histologically defined areas of
      the sheep uterus and placentomes during pregnancy.

PMID- 160252
TI  - Effect of sodium ion on the high-resolution melting of lambda DNA.

PMID- 160253
TI  - [Suppression of delayed hypersensitivity in mice receiving a massive dose of
      xenogeneic erythrocytes].
AB  - The injection of 6x109 sheep red blood cells to mice suppresses delayed-type
      hypersensitivity (DTH) in situ and activates spleen cells which prevent
      sensitization of recipients. Preliminary thymectomy of donors and the treatment
      of cell suspensions with anti-T-globulin abolish suppression of DTH. Pretreatment
      of mice with low doses of cyclophosphamide (CY) enhances antibody formation and
      DTH. Higher doses of CY increase the DTH reaction but inhibit antibody formation.
      The data obtained allow to conclude that suppression of DTH is due to the
      activity of short-living, intensively proliferating cells of thymic origin and
      possibly to B cells.

PMID- 160254
TI  - [Functional morphology of the submandibular salivary glands of white rats during
      aging involution].
AB  - Functional morphology of different zones of submandibular glands of albino rats
      was studied quantitatively with due regard for the stages of neuroendocrine
      system involution. It is shown that function of salivary glands during ageing is
      not altered; cyclic fluctuations with estral cycle phases are maintained
      similarly to those in young animals. But the basal level of proteins and
      mucopolysaccharides is reduced, their mean levels being equal to the minimal
      level in young animals. On the other hand, activation of enzymes responsible for
      energy and transport processes takes place and their relationships change. The
      data obtained prove the relationship between salivary and endocrine glands and
      confirm the viewpoint that in early age involution disintegration occurs between
      different parameters of the functional activity of salivary glands rather than
      there take place changes in their function.

PMID- 160255
TI  - [Interaction between actin like protein of the brain and isolated synaptic
      vesicles].
AB  - It was shown that Mg-ATP increased light diffusion in the suspension of synaptic
      vesicles (SV) of the rat brain in the presence of actinolike protein (ALP) of the
      bovine brain (the superprecipitation test). ALP enhanced the activity of the SV
      Mg-ATPase and increased endogenic moradrenaline release from the bovine
      hypothalamus SV, eliminated by cutochalazine B. Glycolipids (gengliosides and
      cerebrosides) inhibited the superprecipitation test. The results are considered
      from the standpoint of a contractile hypothesis on the mediator secretion.

PMID- 160256
TI  - [Superficial origin of erythrocytic chalone in polycythemia in vitro].
AB  - It was shown in the culture of rat bone marrow cells in experimental polycythemia
      that the chalone activity of erythrocytic chalone considerably drops in the
      presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The chalone inhibits the agglutinating
      activity of PHA with respect to bone marrow cells. Absorption of the chalone on
      the immobilized PHA leads to disappearance from it and of PAS-positive bands
      recorded electrophoretically and to a strong decrease in PAS-negative band
      intensity. Experiments with preliminary incubation of rat red cells before
      preparation of the chalone suggest that in the course of its preparation two
      polypeptides one of which is PAS-positive are released into the medium. It is
      suggested that the chalone includes superficial membrane proteins of red cells,
      possibly, in the form of a combination of PAS-positive and PAS-negative bands.
      Potential mechanisms of chalone release from the surface of cells and features of
      their action on the cells are discussed.

PMID- 160257
TI  - [Increased ATP-hydrolase activity of the brain mitochondria under the effect of
      aminazine (electron cytochemical study)].
AB  - The localization of Mg-stimulated ATPase activity was determined in the
      sensomotor cortex mitochondria of Wag rats after aminazin administration (15
      mg/kg). Apart from normal mitochondria containing no reaction product, a number
      of altered mitochondria with different localization in them of the ATPase
      reaction product were recorded. The intact animals showed no sediment in the
      mitochondria. It is suggested that aminazin-induced increase in ATP-hydrolase
      activity is caused by two factors: neuroleptic-induced decrease in glycolytic and
      oxidative cell activity and increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes.

PMID- 160258
TI  - National Institute of Handicapped Research (NIHR): a giant step for expanded
      rehabilitation research.

PMID- 160259
TI  - Reflections on automotive adaptive equipment--an essay.

PMID- 160260
TI  - National Institute of Handicapped Research (NIHR), Rehabilitation Engineering
      Center programs.

PMID- 160261
TI  - Sensory aids.

PMID- 160262
TI  - Veterans Administration Prosthetics Center report.

PMID- 160263
TI  - Mitral valve disease.

PMID- 160264
TI  - The early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - In a survey of 235 consecutive cases of ectopic pregnancy it was found that over
      50 per cent were incorrectly diagnosed by the general practitioner and 36 per
      cent by a hospital doctor. Ten per cent of patients were sent home before the
      diagnosis was made. Over 30 per cent of patients were sent to general surgical
      wards and these patients had different characteristics from those sent to
      gynaecological wards. High risk patients can be identified from their past
      history. The increasing use of the laparoscope has been associated with earlier
      detection of ectopic pregnancy before the stage of rupture.

PMID- 160265
TI  - The effect of uraemia upon wound healing: an experimental study.
AB  - Acute uraemia was induced in rats by performing a 70 per cent nephrectomy.
      Uraemia was shown to delay the healing of intestinal anastomoses and abdominal
      wounds in rats as judged by bursting strength tests. Cellular proliferation was
      depressed at wound edges but there was no reduction in the total amount of
      hydroxyproline present in the wounds. Fibroblast growth in tissue culture was
      affected by the addition both of uraemic plasma and of urea solution to the
      culture medium. The possible causes of these effects are discussed.

PMID- 160266
TI  - Controlled trial of mobilisation and manipulation for low back pain: hospital
      patients.
AB  - Ninety-four patients with non-specific lumbar pain referred to hospital
      rheumatology and orthopaedic clinics participated in a double-blind controlled
      trial comparing mobilisation and manipulation with placebo physiotherapy. Results
      were assessed immediately after the tratment course, two months later, and at one
      year. Many patients showed improvement, but in contrast to a study on general
      practitioner patients with nonspecific back pain no definite advantage could be
      associated with mobilisation and manipulation. The benefits of mobilisation and
      manipulation for low back pain are probably restricted to hastening recovery in
      patients likely rapidly to improve spontaneously. Hence patients whose severity
      and duration of symptoms warrant specialist referral are less likely to benefit
      from the technique.

PMID- 160267
TI  - Rosacea and mast cell stabilisers.

PMID- 160268
TI  - [Study of working proteins by "freezing" transient states].

PMID- 160269
TI  - [Demonstration by immunofluorescence of somatostatin cells in the islets of
      Langerhans in 3 species of monkeys].
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence technique with anti-somatostatin serum has allowed us
      to detect somatostatin containing cells in the Langerhans' islets of three
      species of monkeys (Macacus irus, Papio hamadryas, Cercopithecus aethiops). These
      cells are in close relationship with another cells, but occupy a more central
      position in the islets. Thus, the distribution of somatostatin-containing cells
      in the monkey's endocrine pancreas has not a similar pattern as in rodent's
      pancreas; they have a comparable topography as in the human islets but these
      cells are always more elongated than in the human islets. Only slight
      morphological differences are observed in the three species of monkeys.

PMID- 160270
TI  - [In vitro anti-yeast activity of 1- and 2-propanols. Effect of the addition of
      polyethylene glycol 400].
AB  - The in vitro development of Candida albicans is inhibited in presence of 1
      propanol and 2-propanol at minimum doses determined in the present work. For
      these inhibiting doses, associations with 400 polyethylene glycol which generally
      enhances yeast filamentation proved that this polyol is no longer able to
      maintain cellular development.

PMID- 160271
TI  - [Determination of the thermodynamic efficiency of isolated perfused tench heart
      (Tinca tinca L. Teleosteen)].
AB  - Mechanical power of tench isolated heart is obtained from values of stroke volume
      at constant hydrodynamic pressure. The total production of energy is measured by
      use of a calorimetric method and heart efficiency is calculated. The mean value
      of efficiency is 6.7% +/- 0.65 SEM in our experimental conditions.

PMID- 160272
TI  - [Effect of a tryptophan lead on the swine adrenal cortex reactivity and
      behavioral response to stress].
AB  - Behaviour and plasma corticosteroid levels were investigated in pigs preloaded
      with 50 to 200 mg/kg 1-tryptophan. The treatment did not influence reactions to
      frustation and had no effect on continuous avoidance responding. However the
      adrenal response to the stress of new environment concomitant with delivery of
      unavoidable shocks was decreased (fig. 1), as well as the behavioural response to
      a fear signal superimposed on a continuous avoidance paradigm (fig. 2). These
      results point out relatively specific psychotropic effects of a tryptophan load
      in pigs.

PMID- 160273
TI  - [Changes in cephalic and peripheral use of glucose and glutamine under the
      influence of hyperammonemia in rats].
AB  - Arterio-venous differences of glucose and glutamine were determined across the
      brain and across the hind limb in normal and ammonium salt infused rats, before
      and during an insulin tolerance test, in an attempt to study the effect of
      hyperammonemia on cephalic and muscular metabolism. The results demonstrate that
      1) hyperammonemia reduces the hind limb uptake of glucose without affect the
      cephalic uptake of glucose which is lowered during hypoglycemia, 2) the reduction
      of the cephalic and muscular glutamine output induced by the hypoglycemia is
      masked in presence of an hyperammonemia. In conclusion, it may be assume that, at
      the concentration obtained in this study, hyperammonemia does not act directly in
      the pathogenesis of hepatic coma in which a decrease in cerebral glucose uptake
      described; on the other hand, ammonium plays an important role in the muscle
      metabolism.

PMID- 160274
TI  - [Behavioral alterations induced by post-natal exposure of the rat to lead].
AB  - The behaviour of rats exposed to various levels of lead acetate (0.5 ; 1 ; 2 and
      4% in dam's diet) before weaning was recorded between 2 and 6 months of age.
      Higher locomotor and exploratory activities as well as better scores in active
      avoidance conditioning were observed in the 4% lead-treated rats. For lower
      doses, no behavioural alterations were recorded despite both detarded growth and
      increased mortality.

PMID- 160275
TI  - [Attempt at modification of the pharmacological and toxic effects of cocaine].
AB  - The increase in locomotor activity induced by cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) in the
      mouse was antagonized by pretreatment with compounds which inhibited
      monoanimergic receptors such as phenoxybenzamine, chlorpromazine or methysergide.
      On the contrary, the lethal dose of cocaine in rats and mice was not reduced by
      these substances. These data suggest that monoamines are involved in mediating
      the motor activity of cocaine but not implicated in the toxic effect of the drug.

PMID- 160276
TI  - [Changes in the vitro membrane potential of cancer cells induced by contact with
      cytotoxic lymphoid cells].
AB  - Plasma membrane potentials have been measured in a cancer cell line at different
      stages of growth. A chamber has been especially built for pH control of the
      culture medium during several hours. Individual values spread widely from 14 to
      44 mV but low measurements are less frequent after 3 days of culture when the
      growth rate is at a peak. The same cancer line is grafted serially in syngeneic C
      57 bl mice were it induces an immunological sensitization of the lymphnode cells.
      The effect of such cytotoxic lymphocytes on the membrane potentials of the target
      tumour cell has been studied after a contact (15 to 90 minutes) too short for any
      morphological changes to be detectable. There is a decrease in the mean values
      and a very significant rise in percentage of measurements below 20 mV. No such
      changes are observed in control experiments where naive lymphocytes are used.
      These results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis of an increased
      permeability of the plasma membrane to ions as an early event in cell mediated
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 160277
TI  - [Increased PI02 and rate of disappearance of hyperlactacidemia following intense
      muscular exercise in man].

PMID- 160278
TI  - [Inhibition of carrageenan edema by carrageenan itself].
AB  - The influence of two kinin forming agents: iota carrageenan and ellagic acid, on
      the paw oedema induced by 48/80, an amino-liberator, or by carrageenan iota, has
      been studied, in the Rat. Ellagic acid and carrageenan, by intraperitoneal
      injection, reduce the paw oedema induced respectively by 48/80 and carrageenan
      itself. This inhibition depends on a non-specific "counter-irritation" and not on
      kininogen stores depletion. Ellagic acid, by intravenous injection, diminishes
      the oedema induced by carrageenan; swelling due to 48/80, is not affected. So
      kininogen activation plays some role in the inflammatory processes induced by
      iota carrageenan. Carrageenan by intravenous injection, suppresses his own
      inflammatory action but does not influence at all the similar action of 48/80.
      The anti-inflammatory effect of carrageenan does not exclusively depend on
      kininogen stores depletion.

PMID- 160279
TI  - [Development of estradiol, progesterone, and prostaglandins E and F2 alpha levels
      during pregnancy in mice].
AB  - 17 beta estradiol, progesterone, prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F2 alpha were
      determined in the plasma of mice at different times of pregnancy. Estradiol
      displays a preimplantation peak on day 4. Other peaks are visible at the end of
      the implantation period (day 6) and on day 10. Progesterone increases when
      implantation begins (day 5). Prostaglandins increase at the beginning of
      pregnancy and decrease temporarily before implantation. Other peaks are also
      apparent for prostaglandin E on days 5.5 and 11.

PMID- 160280
TI  - [Kinetics of division of human and rabbit lymphocytes stimulated by
      phytohemagglutinin, studied by means of the bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) technic].
AB  - The BUDR-Giemsa technique has been used to distinguish the first from later
      divisions for man and rabbit lymphocytes stimulated by treatment with
      phytohemagglutinin. At 48 hours, 99% of human lymphocytes exposed to 200 rads of
      X-rays are in first division whereas 45% of the rabbit lymphocytes are already in
      second division and 28% in third division.

PMID- 160281
TI  - [Incorporation of tritiated thymidine into testicular deoxyribonucleic acid of
      the rat. Effect of inhibin].
AB  - tritiated thymidine is incorporated into DNA of spermatogonia type B as proved by
      autohistoradiography when injected in vivo three hours before the sacrifice.
      Maximum binding and specific activity (labelled thymidine expressed in DPM per mg
      DNA) are obtained in pubertal rats aged 42 days and weighting 150 g. Inhibin
      preparation extracted from rete testis fluid (RTF3) specifically inhibits
      tritiated thymidine into testicular DNA. Thus, no modification of incorporation
      into hepatic DNA is observed and the preparation loses its inhibitory effect when
      denatured by heating and trypsin digestion. Tritiated thymidine incorporation
      into testicular DNA is poor in normal adult rats and in pubertal
      hypophysectomized animals, RTF3 does not modify the thymidine incorporation in
      both conditions. The reasons for this lack of effect are discussed. An
      experimental condition of spermatogonial regeneration is obtained by testicular
      irradiation. Inhibin preparation inhibits the regenerative DNA synthesis.

PMID- 160283
TI  - [Late effects of irradiation on the cerebral cortex ultrastructure of the rat].
AB  - The glial population balance is significantly disturbed by low dose X-rays even
      after a very short time following irradiation. The effects are able to persist
      for a large period of time and may possibly be involved in the onset of late
      radionecrosis phenomena, often noted as consequences of therapeutic irradiation
      in brain.

PMID- 160282
TI  - [Effect of horizontal immersion into water at 38 degrees C on the urinary
      elimination of catecholamines].
AB  - The urinary excretion of noradrenaline, adrenaline and creatinine has been
      studied in normal young individuals during a water bath at 38 degrees C for 40
      minutes. The noradrenalinuria and the ratio noradrenalinuria/creatininuria are
      decreased, indicating an inhibition of the vasomotor activity of the
      orthosympathetic system. This inhibition is related to the consequence of the
      external hydrostatic pressure of the water filling the intrathoracic venous
      reservoirs and increasing the systemic blood pressure at the sino-baroreceptor
      level, hyperthermia playing a very limited role.

PMID- 160284
TI  - Preventive medicine becomes a reality at conference on occupational health.

PMID- 160286
TI  - Specificity of the bacteriophage lambda N gene product (pN): nut sequences are
      necessary and sufficient for antitermination by pN.
AB  - We have cloned the nutR site together with the tR1 site of bacteriophage lambda
      in the E. coli galactose operon to examine whether the lambda promoter sequences
      PR and PL are involved in the recognition specificity of the lambda N gene
      product (pN). We first constructed a derivative of plasmid pBR322 in which the
      expression of the tetracycline genes (tet) is controlled by the gal promoter
      (Pgal). This new plasmid contains a unique Hind III site between Pgal and tet
      into which the nutR and tR1 sites were introduced. The order of the relevant
      genetic markers in this second plasmid is Pgal-nutR-tR1-tet. Cells transformed
      with this plasmid express tet only if pN is provided and if the plasmid contains
      an intact gal promoter. Our data suggest that transcription which originates at
      Pgal is modified by pN at nutR, enabling it to pass through tR1 into tet. We
      conclude that promoters do not play a specific role in pN recognition and that
      nut sequences are both necessary and sufficient for pN action.

PMID- 160285
TI  - Effects of reserpine and p-chlorophenylalanine on the circadian rhythm of
      granulated vesicles in the pinealocytes of mice.
AB  - The number of granulated vesicles in mouse pinealocytes exhibit a distinct
      circadian rhythm which is abolished by superior cervical ganglionectomy. Since
      melatonin treatment markedly effects the number of pinealocytic granulated
      vesicles, it was suggested that a relationship may exist between norepinephrine,
      melatonin, and the synthesis and/or secretion of pinealocyte granulated vesicles.
      The present study was undertaken in an attempt to clarify this relationship. Mice
      were housed in an environmental chamber under controlled lighting (12L/12D), and
      were treated with either reserpine, a drug which depletes serotonin and
      norepinephrine, or p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), an inhibitor of serotonin
      synthesis. They were sacrificed at various times over a twenty-four hour period,
      and granulated vesicles present in the pinealocytes were quantitated in thin
      cross sections through pericapillary areas. Reserpine treatment resulted in a
      marked increase in the number of granulated vesicles during the dark, but led to
      a slight decrease during the photoperiod. Treatment with p-CPA produced no
      significant effect. The results of this study do not support our previous theory
      that melatonin plays an important role in the regulation of the pinealocyte
      secretory process, but instead points more directly to the significant role that
      norepinephrine has in controlling pinealocyte secretion.

PMID- 160287
TI  - Characterization of variant Neurospora crassa mitochondrial DNAs which contain
      tandem reiterations.
AB  - Two variant mtDNA types ((types IIa and HI-10) have been identified in individual
      subcultures of the extra-nuclear [poky] mutant of Neurospora crassa. Eco RI
      digests of type IIa mtDNA are characterized by an extra band, alpha, Mr = 1.4
      Mdal, which arises from tandemly inserted reiterations of a 1.4 Mdal sequence.
      Restriction enzyme analysis and Southern hybridization experiments show: that the
      1.4 Mdal repeats are located at the junction of Eco RI-4 and -6, that the repeats
      contain sequences ordinarily present in Eco RI-4 and -6, that the repeats are
      oriented head-to-tail and that the number of repeats per molecule (n) varies from
      n = 0 to n = 8, with about half of the molecules containing no repeats. The 1.4
      Mdal repeats appear to be actively mained in type IIa mtDNA populations as a
      result of a specific alteration in mtDNA. Data are presented which suggest that
      this alteration may be located near small deletions and/or sequence changes in
      Eco RI-3 and -10, fragments almost exactly opposite the site of the repeats on
      the genome. The second variant, HI-10 mtDNA, arose in a heteroplasmic strain in
      which type IIa mtDNA was one component. The most striking feature of HI-10 mtDNA
      is the up to 5-fold amplification of an 18 Mdal segment extending from Eco RI-4
      (the site of the 1.4 Mdal repeats) through the rRNA genes. Eco RI digests show
      that HI-10 possesses characteristic features of type IIa mtDNA, including the 1.4
      Mdal repeats and the alteration in Eco RI-10. HI-10 mtDNA also shows a novel Eco
      RI fragment, beta, Mr = 2.9 Mdal. The variant Neurospora mtDNAs may be generated
      by mechanisms analogous to those which give rise to defective mtDNAs of yeast
      petite mutants. The possible consequences of defective mtDNAs in obligately
      aerobic organisms are discussed.

PMID- 160288
TI  - Enzymatic differentiation of muscle fibre types in embryonic latissimus dorsii of
      the chick: effects of spinal cord stimulation.

PMID- 160289
TI  - Workshop on mechanisms of cardiac morphogenesis and teratogenesis. Lausanne,
      Switzerland; July 2nd--6th, 1979.

PMID- 160290
TI  - Periodontal disease in patients with Down's syndrome.

PMID- 160291
TI  - [Atrial hypertrophy and focal ischemia on vectorcardiograms and isopotential
      maps].

PMID- 160292
TI  - [In vitro calcium binding by isolated brush border vesicles of rat jejunum and
      ileum].
AB  - A new procedure for isolation of the Rat jejunum and ileum brush border vesicles
      is described. Several calcium transport conditions have been established. A
      previous incubation with ATP induces an increased calcium binding. The role of a
      magnesium ATPase is discussed.

PMID- 160293
TI  - Bronchial asthma and dermatitis due to spiramycin in a chick breeder.
AB  - A case of bronchial asthma and dermatitis due to spiramycin is described in a non
      atopic woman who worked as a chick breeder and handling poultry feed containing
      antibiotic or chemoterapic drugs including spiramycin, chlortetracycline and
      sulfadimethoxine. Patch tests showed a vigorous delayed reaction to spiramycin.
      Inhalation challenge test with the chick feed containing spiramycin reproduced
      symptoms of late asthmatic response (FEV1 fell by 14% and FEF25-75 by 25% within
      the 4th and 6th hour) with leucocytosis. No significant modification of FEV1 and
      FEF25-75 was observed within 24 hours after challenge with chick feeds containing
      other antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agents but not spiramycin. On leaving her
      job, the patient had no further skin reactions or bronchial asthma episodes. This
      case suggests that allergic reactions to a chemical product may involve both type
      III and IV hypersensitivity.

PMID- 160294
TI  - Testicular function in post pubertal male pseudohermaphroditism.
AB  - Testicular endocrine function was studied in twelve post pubertal patients with
      male pseudohermaphroditism and 46 XY chromosomal constitution. Patients were
      divided into three groups, four subjects who became feminized during puberty,
      five who became masculinized during puberty and three who were castrated before
      puberty. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone,
      androstendione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, LH and FSH were determined by
      radioimmunoassay. Patients of the first group had the clinical characteristics of
      testicular feminization secondary to absence of the androgen receptor. One of the
      five patients of the second group had deficient testosterone secretion but no
      enzymatic defect could be demonstrated. One of the subjects castrated before
      puberty had a deficiency in 17,20-desmolase. Therefore, evidence of a failure of
      the fetal testes could be found in only two of the twelve patients studied.

PMID- 160295
TI  - Post-laparoscopy pneumoperitoneum.

PMID- 160296
TI  - Relation between endocrine function and survival of patients with breast cancer
      after hypophysectomy.

PMID- 160297
TI  - [Chorea-acanthocytosis. A report of a family (author's transl)].

PMID- 160298
TI  - Potential as an aerosol vaccine of an improved Newcastle disease vaccine derived
      from the Lasota strain--II. In vivo studies.

PMID- 160299
TI  - Herpesvirus induced feline urolithiasis--a review.

PMID- 160301
TI  - Occupational, industrial, and plant dermatology symposium. Part IV. Specific
      industrial hazards.

PMID- 160300
TI  - Distribution and variation of thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activity of dacron
      aortic grafts.
AB  - The distribution and variation of thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activity were
      studied in various layers of polyester grafts in the dog aorta. One, four and 36
      months after implantation, these grafts were removed together with segments of
      normal arteries and veins and dissected into three layers. The thromboplastic and
      plasminogen activator activities in these layers were then determined. It was
      found that in the early post-operative period, the thromboplastic activity in the
      Dacron graft neointima is very high, whereas that of the plasminogen activator is
      relatively low. With the passage of time the thromboplastic activity decreases
      and plasminogen activator activity increases. Similarly the thromboplastic
      activity in the neomedial and neoadventitial layers of the graft falls as time
      elapses after the implantation and the fibrinolytic activity gradually increases.
      These changes in thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activity increase the danger of
      graft thrombosis in the early post-operative period whereas in the later period
      they are favourable to maintenance of graft patency.

PMID- 160302
TI  - Consort contact dermatitis.

PMID- 160303
TI  - Facial dermatitis following friction treatment of acne.
AB  - A case report is presented herein of a twenty year old woman in whom an acute
      dermatitis of the face developed, which may have been caused by the use of a skin
      machine, possibly in combination with the use of a topical medication.

PMID- 160305
TI  - Long-term clinical results of local-made dacron arterial prosthesis in
      replacement of the thoracic aorta.

PMID- 160304
TI  - The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus 79 and 80, and Escherichia coli 95 to
      sodium salicylate, nicotinaldehyde singly, and in combination with nicotinic acid
      or nicotinamide.
AB  - Minimum bactericidal concentrations of salicylate, nicotinaldehyde singly, and in
      combination with nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide were determined for
      Staphylococcus aureus 79 and 80, and Escherichia coli 95, at inocula of 10(7)-
      10(2). The bactericidal dose of salicylate was affected markedly by the inoculum
      size. The bactericidal dose of nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide was affected only
      slightly by the size of the inoculum. Escherichia coli 95 was least affected by
      the inoculum size. Nicotinaldehyde is a far more bactericidal agent than is
      nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide; its bactericidal dose was approximately a tenth
      that of nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide. S. aureus 79 and 80 were affected
      synergistically by the combinations of nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide with
      salicylate. Nicotinaldehyde reduced the effectiveness of nicotinic acid, at all
      inoculum sizes, of S. aureus 79, while the reduction of effectiveness of
      nicotinamide was only found with inocula of 10(7)--10(5). At low inocula, 10(4)-
      10(2), an additive effect was demonstrated. S. aureus 80 was antagonistically
      affected, at all inoculum sizes, by the combination of nicotinaldehyde with
      nicotinamide, while with nicotinic acid a slight synergy was noted. In contrast,
      Escherichia coli 95 was antagonistically affected, at all inoculum sizes, by
      combinations of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide with salicylate, or nicotinaldehyde.

PMID- 160306
TI  - [Psychology applied to pedodontics].

PMID- 160307
TI  - Factors contributing to impairment of the mixed lymphocyte reaction in leprosy.
AB  - Whereas the mixed lymphocyte reaction was essentially normal in inactive
      lepromatous leprosy and tuberculoid leprosy, it was severely impaired in active
      lepromatous leprosy. The impairment was found to be contributed by certain
      unknown factors in their plasma and subnormal reactivity of their T lymphocytes.
      The plasma derived from active lepromatous leprosy patients depressed the
      reaction of normal cells and normal plasma enhanced the reaction of active
      lepromatous lymphocytes. The cellular factor was studied by using a one-way
      reaction in which one of the two lymphocyte preparations was inactivated with
      mitomycin C. The impairment of blastogenesis of active lepromatous lymphocytes
      was partially reversed by substituting inactivated normal cells for similarly
      treated leprous cells, and conversely the response of normal allogeneic
      lymphocytes was depressed by substituting inactivated leprous lymphocytes as the
      stimulator cells.

PMID- 160309
TI  - [Pathological left type in ECG].

PMID- 160308
TI  - Initiation of DNA replication in chromosomes of Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - The initiation of DNA replication and the subsequent chain elongation were
      studied using Chinese hamster ovary cells synchronized at the beginning of S
      phase. The cells were synchronized by a combination of mitotic selection and
      treatment with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdU). The use of this drug at a
      concentration of 10(-5) M was found to effectively prevent the leakage of cells
      into S phase. Reversal of the FdU block by supplying thymidine resulted in the
      synchronous onset of initiation at multiple sites in each cell. The length of the
      nascent chains, as determined by autoradiography and velocity sedimentation in
      alkaline gradients, increased linearly with time during the first twenty minutes
      of S phase after release. We applied these procedures to study the effects of the
      length of an FdU block on the number of functional origins per cell, the rate of
      chain growth, and the rate of DNA synthesis per cell following reversal of the
      block. Although no change was noted in the rate of DNA synthesis in cells held at
      the beginning of S phase from 10.5 to 24 h after division, the rate of chain
      growth decreased from 0.94 to 0.28 microns per min. This decrease indicated that
      the number of functional origins increased markedly with length of FdU block. The
      calculated number of utilized origins per cell increased from 1,900 to 5,700. We
      also presented arguments that 1,900 origins per cell represents the approximate
      number of origins utilized by any cell held at the beginning of S phase for less
      than 10.5 h after division.

PMID- 160310
TI  - [Fertilization in vitro].

PMID- 160311
TI  - [Sudden backache as a manifestation of bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 160312
TI  - [Effect of pharmacological agents and coagulation of the n. raphe dorsalis on
      morphine effects].
AB  - The authors carried out studies on 96 female rats of Wistar strain and examined
      the influence of various pharmacological means and the coagulation of n. raphe
      dorsalis on cataleptic state, hyperthermia, and analgethic effect, induced by
      single administration of morphine. She found that LSD and preliminary treatment
      with parachlorphenylalanine caused enhancement of hyperthermic reaction to
      morphine. Acetyl-salicyliaccid had no effect on the hyperthermic reaction:
      dimenthydrinate and propranolol did alter it significantly, but cyproheptadine
      inhibited it. In respect to the cataleptic state, induced by morphine, she found
      that pharmacological means with various mechanism of action
      (parachlorphenylalatine, dimenhydrinate, cyproheptadine, propranolol and LSD)
      inhibited this states, but haloperidol enhanced it. She suggests that the
      hyperthermic reaction of morphine is due to, its action on serotoninergic
      neurones, regulating thermoregulation. She makes a guess that cataleptic state,
      induced by morphine, depends on the change in mediator interrelations
      (acethycholine, serotonine, dopamine). The lack of changes on the analhethic
      affect of morphine after coagulation of n. Raphe dorsalis, from which a part of
      accending serotoninergic pathways, supports the existing data in literature that
      both descending and accending serotoninergic pathways are of significance for
      analgethic action of morphine.

PMID- 160314
TI  - Activation of Mg-ATPase (spectrin-dependent ATPase) by Ca2+.
AB  - The dependence of saponin-stimulated Mg-ATPase activity in the erythrocyte
      membrane on Ca2+ concentration was studied. In the membrane of freshly sampled
      human erythrocytes we found for this enzyme and Ca2+ an apparent dissociation
      constant of 0.611  mumol/l (SE +/- 0.106 mumol/l) and Hill coefficient of 0.93
      (SE +/- 0.05). The enzyme is in most probability identical with Ca,Mg-ATPase of
      high affinity to Ca2+ described also as spectrin-dependent Ca,Mg-ATPase.

PMID- 160313
TI  - Inhibitory role of brain stem serotoninergic neuron system on thyroid function in
      rat.
AB  - Thyroid function was investigated in adult male rats following the use
      experimental procedures which inhibit the activity of serotoninergic neuron
      system. Pharmacological blockade of the biosynthesis of sertonin by repeated
      administration of para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), or interruption (by Halasz
      knife) of the serotoninergic pathways of the brain stem which terminate on
      hypothalamic nuclei equally resulted in an augmentation of the following
      parameters of hypothalamo-hypophysial-thyroid activity: T/S ratio, pituitary and
      blood TSH levels and blood thyroxine concentration as well as TRH content of the
      hypothalamus. The results suggest that the central nervous serotoninergic neuron
      system plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of TSH secretion, presumably
      acting upon the hypothalamus, thereby inhibiting hypothalamic TRH secretion.

PMID- 160315
TI  - Polyphasic character of ATP hydrolysis in actomyosin system.

PMID- 160317
TI  - Subcellular calcium localization and AT0-dependent Ca2+-uptake by smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum in an invertebrate photoreceptor cell. An ultrastrucutral,
      cytochemical and X-ray microanalytical study.
AB  - In Hirudo medicinalis an extensive and highly elaborate three dimensional network
      of smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternae is found in very close structural
      relationship to the receptive (microvillar) membrane, as reported for many other
      invertebrates. A variant of the potassium pyroantimonate technique showed that
      these submicrovillar endoplasmic reticulum cisternae (SMC) and mitochondria are
      major intracellular calcium stores. Furthermore, using saponine-skinned
      photoreceptors for an in situ accumulation experiment, calcium oxalate
      precipitates in SMC demonstrate that this organelle is able to accumulate Ca2+
      from a concentration of 2 x 10(-5) M, when ATP, Mg2+, and oxalate ions are
      present in the accumulation medium. This result provides direct evidence for the
      hypothesis that SMC may play a particularly important role in the regulation of
      intracellular ionized calcium in invertebrate photoreceptor cells. Morphological
      evidence supports this view.

PMID- 160316
TI  - Comparison between ATP-supported and GTP-supported phosphate turnover of the
      calcium-transporting sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes.
AB  - The study deals with the interrelationship of the phosphate-transferring
      activities of the calcium-transporting sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane vesicles:
      the phosphate exchange between nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) and nucleoside
      diphosphate (NDP) (NTP-NDP exchange), the calcium-dependent NTase, and the
      phosphorylation of NDP by inorganic phosphate in the presence of NTP (NTP-Pi
      exchange). Different nucleotides were used as phosphate donors and acceptors. It
      is demonstrated for the phosphate transfer from ITP to GDP that the NTP-NDP
      exchange exhibits ping-pong kinetics with Mg-ITP and unliganded GDP as
      substrates. The apparent affinities of the enzyme for the nucleoside diphosphate
      and triphosphate species are deduced according to this mechanism. The enzyme's
      affinity for the nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates depends on its
      functional state being considerably lower under conditions of NTP-NDP exchange
      than during NTP splitting or NTP synthesis. ATP and GTP are split with the same
      low rates when calcium-activated NTPase is inhibited by high internal calcium
      concentrations after calcium transport has reached steady state. The rates of the
      NTP-NDP exchange reactions, however, differ by a factor of about 10 being
      approximately equal to 3 mumol . mg-1 . min-1 for ATP-ADP and only approximately
      equal to 0.3 mumol . mg-1 . min-1 (22 degrees C) for GTP-GDP. When the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles are made calcium-permeable, the calcium transport
      ATPase is turned on and the rates of GTP and ATP splitting increase about
      tenfold. Yet, while the rate of ATP-ADP exchange is little reduced, the rate of
      GTP-GDP exchange drops by approximately 50%. The persisting exchange activity of
      calcium-permeable vesicles demonstrates that high internal calcium concentrations
      are not required for the transfer of the protein-bound phosphoryl group to NDP
      during NTP-NDP exchange.

PMID- 160318
TI  - Handicapped children and youth: current-future international perspectives and
      challenges.

PMID- 160319
TI  - The separation-individuation process and developmental disabilities.

PMID- 160320
TI  - Listening comprehension by nonblind handicapped students at three rates of speed.

PMID- 160321
TI  - Surrogate parenting: the extent to which state education agencies have begun to
      comply.

PMID- 160322
TI  - Variations in serum androgens, estrogens, progestins, gonadotropins and prolactin
      levels in male rats from prepubertal to advanced age.
AB  - The concentrations of blood serum steroids from 12 to 450 days old male rats were
      determined by radioimmunoassay. Testosterone (T) was low (270 pg to less than 1
      ng/ml) until day 42; adult levels (3--4 ng/ml) were attained by day 62 and
      declined tradually with advanced age. 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT)
      did not change markedly (90--160 pg/ml) from prepubertal to advanced age. Except
      for a small peak on day 22, androstenedione (delta 4 A) levels ranged between 400
      500 pg/ml in the adult but declined in older males. Progesterone (delta 4 P) rose
      steadily to a mean of 5.46 ng/ml at 52 days of age and dropped thereafter. High
      levels of estrone (268 +/- 38 pg/ml) and estradiol-17 beta (2.76 +/- 0.28 ng/ml)
      in 12 days old males are in contrast to the low estrogens (20-35 pg/ml) in adult
      animals. Both T/5 alpha-DHT and total T/estrogen ratios were low before puberty,
      increased in adults and decreased towards old age. The interplay between
      gonadotropin and prolactin, which exhibited reciprocal changes in the regulation
      of steroid production by the gonads with age, are discussed.

PMID- 160323
TI  - Plasma and urinary androgens in women with varying degrees of risk of breast
      cancer.

PMID- 160324
TI  - Production of interferon in the murine mixed lymphocyte culture. II. Interferon
      production is a T cell-dependent function, independent of proliferation.
AB  - Interferon production occurs after two days of culture in murine mixed lymphocyte
      cultures (MLC). This was demonstrated in various combinations of mouse spleen
      cells differing at the major histocompatibility (H-2) locus. Interferon
      production could be demonstrated in one-way MLC when F1/parent combinations were
      used and in reactions in which one partner was treated by puromycin. After
      treatment of both cell populations with mitomycin C, interferon production
      occurred in the absence of lymphoproliferation. Interferon production in response
      to alloantigen did not occur in spleen cell cultures of nude mice and in cultures
      treated by anti-theta antiserum plus complement indicating that interferon
      production is a T cell-dependent function.

PMID- 160327
TI  - IFRP supports search for safer methods in 30 developing lands.

PMID- 160325
TI  - Inhibition of E coli ATPase activity by a troponin component, TN-I, and by
      mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor.
AB  - The enzymic activity of Mg2+- or Ca2+-stimulated ATPase from Escherichia coli was
      inhibited by one of the troponin components, TN-I, and by mitochondrial ATPase
      inhibitor (F1-inhibitor). The inhibitory ability of component TN-I against Mg2+
      stimulated AtPase activity was lost after digestion of component TN-I with
      trypsin. The Mg2+-stimulated ATPase activity inhibited by component TN-I was
      completely restored by the addition of another troponin component TN-C.

PMID- 160326
TI  - The induction of diabetes in rats by intramuscular administration of
      streptozotocin.
AB  - Streptozotocin administered i.m. was as effective a diabetogenic agent as when
      administered i.v. This is useful, particularly for the induction of diabetes in
      small animals.

PMID- 160329
TI  - [Ancient pharmacy of Vardzia].

PMID- 160328
TI  - [Possibility of standardizing Sophora infusions by the content of phenol
      compounds].

PMID- 160330
TI  - Phosphorescence depolarization and the measurement of rotational motion of
      proteins in membranes.

PMID- 160331
TI  - The initial burst of phosphate liberation by 30 S dynein ATPase from Tetrahymena
      cilia.

PMID- 160332
TI  - Subunit dissociation-association of mitochondrial F1-ATPase from yeast.

PMID- 160334
TI  - Pre-steady state kinetics of nucleotide-triphosphate hydrolysis by mitochondrial
      F1-ATPase from yeast.

PMID- 160333
TI  - Photoaffinity labelling of a low-affinity nucleotide binding site on the beta
      subunit of yeast mitochondrial F1-ATPase.

PMID- 160335
TI  - Identification of the product of phage 434 cro gene.

PMID- 160336
TI  - Biosynthesis of mitochondrial citrate synthase in Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 160337
TI  - A new method of determination of adenine units location in DNA.

PMID- 160338
TI  - Mechanism of calcium-independent phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase
      by orthophosphat. Evidence of magnesium-phosphoprotein formation.

PMID- 160339
TI  - [Improvement in the forms of drug supply to pharmacies and therapeutic-preventive
      institutions by the republic pharmaceutical storehouses of the Komi ASSR].

PMID- 160340
TI  - [60th anniversary of the Leningrad Chemical-Pharmaceutical Institute].

PMID- 160342
TI  - [Effect of inactivity on muscle spindle function in fast and slow muscles].

PMID- 160341
TI  - [Use of certain complex compounds of bioelements in experimental and clinical
      medicine].

PMID- 160343
TI  - [60th anniversary of the Department of Physiology of the P. F. Lesgaft Leningrad
      Institute of Physical Culture].

PMID- 160344
TI  - [Nikolai Vasil'evich Zimkin (on his 80th birthday)].

PMID- 160345
TI  - [Vera Vasil'evna Vasil'eva (on her 70th birthday)].

PMID- 160346
TI  - [Aleksandr Borisovich Gandel'sman (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 160347
TI  - [Allergic contact dermatitis due to propachlor (author's transl)].

PMID- 160349
TI  - Studies on untoward reactions to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.
AB  - Adverse reactions to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids have frequently been
      reported. The cause of these reactions has been attributed to different factors,
      including sensitization by prior vaccination. However, this explanation does not
      hold for primary vaccination. In this case, undesirable reactions to diphtheria
      toxoid are most likely due to bacterial cellular fractions present in the
      vaccines. In fact, we were able to demonstrate that fortuitous contact with
      atoxigenic diphtheria strains can induce sensitization. Consequently, vaccination
      should be carried out with highly purified toxoids, so as to prevent untoward
      reactions due to the presence of impurities. It is also preferable to detoxify
      purified toxins, rather than to purify crude toxoids.

PMID- 160348
TI  - A controlled clinical study comparing sulindac with ibuprofen and aspirin in the
      treatment of musculo-skeletal diseases.
AB  - Forty-six patients (seventeen male, twenty-nine female) with musculo-skeletal
      disease were put on a controlled clinical study comparing sulindac with ibuprofen
      and soluble aspirin. Twenty patients were treated with sulindac 200 mg twice
      daily, twelve received sulindac 100 mg twice daily, eight had ibuprofen 400 mg
      thrice daily and six treated with soluble aspirin 600 mg thrice daily. All
      patients did well on these drugs, but the ones on sulindac 200 mg twice daily
      showed better response than sulindac 100 mg twice daily. It proved to have the
      same efficiency as ibuprofen and soluble aspirin; but had less side-effects and
      also patients required to take the drug only twice daily to get relief because of
      its prolonged duration of action.

PMID- 160350
TI  - Developmental enrichment programs.

PMID- 160351
TI  - Classical conditioning of profoundly retarded, multiply handicapped children.
AB  - A classical conditioning procedure was used with five profoundly retarded
      children with multiple handicaps in order to investigate basic learning processes
      in such children. Their chronological ages ranged from 48 to 108 months and their
      mental ages from 0 to 5.5 months. The procedure used a sound as the conditioned
      stimulus, a puff of air to the cornea as the unconditioned stimulus, and eye
      blink as the conditioned response. Conditioning was established for the two most
      developmentally advanced children, and the intermediate pair showed different
      patterns of orienting response to the conditioned stimulus but no evidence of
      conditioning. The fifth and most developmentally delayed child did not respond to
      the stimuli. The extent to which these results can be generalised to the
      conditioning of profoundly retarded, multiply handicapped children is discussed.

PMID- 160353
TI  - Antimetastatic and antitumor activity of a derivative of neocarzinostatin: an
      organic solvent- and water-soluble polymer-conjugated protein.
AB  - A highly lymphotropic derivative of a proteinaceous antitumor agent,
      Neocarzinostatin, was prepared by chemical conjugation of a water-soluble
      synthetic poly(maleic acid)-styrene oligomer. The derivative of 2.5 X 10(4)
      dalton exhibited a strong antitumor activity against AH109A and DBLA-6 as well as
      antimetastatic activity against metastatic AH109A with which experimental
      lymphatic metastasis was produced in rats. An increased lipophilicity and
      molecular weight of the derivative appear to be responsible for its improvement
      as lymphotropic antimetastatic agent.

PMID- 160352
TI  - [Congestive heart failure in genetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (ASH)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Of a total sixtytwo patients covering all the spectrum of genetic ASH, who were
      studied by heart catheterization, M-mode echocardiography and phonomechano
      cardiography, five patients (four with the obstructive variety of the disease)
      showed clinical evidence of chronic congestive heart failure with ankle edema and
      hepatomegaly (group I). Their data were compared with those of fifteen
      "obstructed" patients who were not in heart decompensation (group II). No
      statistically significant differences were found between groups I and II in terms
      of L.V. internal transverse dimensions and in terms of L.V. systolic function.
      Conversely a statistically significant difference was found between the two
      groups in terms of left atrial and right ventricular dimensions (P less than
      0,001), which were markedly increased in groups I. These findings strongly
      suggest that in patients with ASH and congestive heart failure there is a
      reduction in L.V. compliance (or distensibility), whereas L.V. systolic function
      is essentially preserved. The persistence of severe L.V. outflow obstruction in
      four patients of I group gives further confirmation to these observations. The
      use of beta-blockers (in association or not with cardiac glycosides) seems
      therefore to preserve its validity in the treatment of patients with ASH and
      heart failure, particulary when severe L.V. outflow obstruction is present.
      Cardiac glycosides are indicated in the forms with little or no obstruction to
      L.V. ejection.

PMID- 160354
TI  - [Typical complications of tubal ligation by laparoscopy with the tupla-clip and
      measures to avoid these complications (author's transl)].

PMID- 160355
TI  - [Effect of the dose of ptsI- and ptsH-genes on carbohydrate transport and
      regulation of lac-operon activity in Escherichia coli K-12].
AB  - Phage Mu-1 cts61 was used for transposition of pts1 and ptsH genes. The received
      F'-factors AUF2 and AUF3 carry short fragments of the bacterial chromosome.
      Merodiploid strains with double pts genes were selected in sexduction crosses
      with the appropriate recA recipients. Effect of the gene dose was not registered
      in pts+/pts+ strains in the case of accumulation of the substrates of the
      phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) and in the case of
      bacterial growth in the presence of these carbohydrates. This indicates that the
      enzyme (enzymes) II of the PTS is the limiting step in the transpost process.
      Induction of beta-galactosidase and the growth on carbohydrates not transported
      via the PTS (maltose, lactose) were greatly reduced in pts mutant. Introduction
      of the pts+ allele with episome lead to the restoration of the two above
      processes. These data show that the phospho approximately HPr generating system
      of the PTS is directly (or in indirect manner) involved in the regulation of
      catabolite-sensitive operons. Glucose repression was markedly increased in
      pts+/pts+ merodiploids as compared with pts+/pts- ones and with pts+ bacteria.
      Possible mechanisms of this effect are discussed.

PMID- 160356
TI  - [Population analysis of minor hemoglobin fractions. I. Hemoglobin A2].
AB  - The inhabitants of 7 isolated villages (of different nationalities) and of 5
      panmictic populations were studied. Populational and segregation analyses of Hb
      A2 in 3036 normal and 150 heterozygous individuals for beta- and delta beta
      thalassemia were carried out. The Hb A2 levels in some populations are
      established to deviate from the normal distribution. Bimodal dependency of the
      levels of Hb A2 distribution is demonstrated, which suggests the existance of
      heterogenous subpopulations by the Hb A2 level. The segregation analysis has
      revealed distinct genetic determination of Hb A2 levels. There was a good
      correlation between Hb A2 and Hb F values (r=-0.82).

PMID- 160357
TI  - [Medico-genetic study of the population of Uzbekistan. VI. Hereditary pathology
      among the populations of 4 regions of the Kashkadarinskaia area].
AB  - The screening for families burdened with multiple cases of non-infectious
      diseases, the diagnostic of those diseases and the investigation of relations
      between the population structure and the distribution of hereditary diseases in 4
      districts of the Kashkadarja province were carried out. On the basis of the data
      obtained the load of excessive hereditary diseases was calculated and nosological
      spectrum was described; it included more than 30 different diseases. The study of
      spatial distribution of recessive diseases has shown that the load of hereditary
      diseases may be accounted for the positive assortative matings. The high level of
      interpopulation migration prevents from the local accumulation of a certain
      hereditary disease.

PMID- 160358
TI  - [Frequency of chromosome variants in human populations].
AB  - Chromosome variants were analyzed in the course of the population chromosome
      investigation of 6000 newborns and clinical cytogenetic studies of 403 married
      couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions, stillbirths or offsprings having
      congenital malformations or Down's syndrome. The following variants were
      determined: 1) Igh+, 9gh+, 16gh+ - the enlargement of the secondary constrictions
      of the size, more than 1/4 of the long arm of the chromosome; 2) Dp+ or Gp+ - the
      enlargement of the short arms of acrocentrics, their size being more than the
      short arm of the chromosome 18; 3) Ds+ or Gs - large satellites of the
      acrocentrics which are equal or more than the thickness of the chromatids of the
      long arms; 4) Es+ - satellites on the short arms of the chromosomes 17 or 18; 5)
      Dss of Gss - double satellites; 6) Yq+ - the enlargement of the long arm of Y
      chromosome, the size of which being more than G chromosome; 7) Yq- - deletion of
      the long arm of Y chromosome, the size of the long arm being less than
      chromosomes 21--22. The total frequency of variants in newborns was 12.8/1000
      births. The incidence of different types of variants per 1000 births was as
      follows: Igh+ - 0.33; 9gh+ - 0.17; 16gh+ - 0.50; Ds+ - 2.33; Dp+ - 1.50; Dp- -
      0.17; Gs+ - 0.83; Gp+ - 2.17; Yq+ - 6.91/1000 males; Yg- - 0.99/1000 males;
      double variants - 0.33; other variants - 0.33. 4.0% of married couples with
      recurrent spontaneous abortions had major chromosome aberrations, 14.6% - extreme
      variants of chromosomes. Among 113 couples with the history of congenital
      malformations in their offsprings major chromosome abnormalities were found in
      4.4%, chromosome variants - 13.3%. The frequency of chromosome variants among 139
      patients with Down's syndrome was 7.2%. In one case Robertsonian translocation
      t(DqGa) was determined. The most frequent types of variant chromosomes were Ds+,
      Dp+, Es+, Yq+.

PMID- 160359
TI  - A rightward promoter to the left of the att site of lambda phage DNA: possible
      participant in site-specific recombination.
AB  - The binding has been studied of Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase to the fragments
      of lambda DNA obtained by digestion with restriction endonucleases BsuI, HindIII,
      BamHI, EcoRI and HindII + III. There are at least six sites of RNA-polymerase
      binding in the b2-region. In vitro transcription of those BsuI-fragments of the
      b2-region which contain six binding sites is rightward. Therefore, the fragments
      contain promoters rather than mere RNA-polymerase binding sites. One of the
      promoters of the b2 region named patt was calculated to be about 50 bp to the
      left of the att site. We postulate that this promoter might correspond to the hef
      target which was described as important for the site-specific recombination.

PMID- 160360
TI  - A comprehensive molecular map of bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - Physical and genetic mapping of deletion mutations has been correlated with the
      available molecular sizes of the lambda gene products and the DNA base sequence
      to construct a comprehensive molecular map of the phage lambda genome. The
      physical length of the DNA making up the left arm from the cos site through gene
      J is not sufficient to account in a nonoverlapping manner for all the proteins of
      the sizes reported to be coded, especially in the Nu1--C region. In the right arm
      all the coding capacity has not been accounted for, and it appears to be
      oversaturated only in the gam-ral region. The positions of several IS and Tn
      elements, and of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites are specified.

PMID- 160362
TI  - [Hygienic views of Abu Ali ibn-Sina (on the millenium of his birth)].

PMID- 160361
TI  - The organization of a nuclear DNA sequence from a higher plant: molecular cloning
      and characterization of soybean ribosomal DNA.
AB  - The recombinant DNA vector, lambda Charon 4A, was used to construct a library of
      DNA sequences from the genomic DNA of soybean (Glycine max). To define the
      organization of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in the soybean genome, clones containing
      sequences complementary to both 17S and 25S rRNA have been isolated from this
      library and used in conjunction with Southern blot hybridization. The rRNA genes
      are tandemly reiterated with a relatively small unit repeat length of 7.8 kb.
      There is no heterogeneity in the length of the rDNA repeat units although they
      display limited differences in either base sequence or pattern of methylation.
      The cloned rDNA sequences are shown to comprise the entire repeat unit and have
      been used to obtain a detailed restriction map as well as an approximate
      transcription map of soybean rRNA genes. The cloning of rDNA from soybean
      suggests that recombinant DNA techniques can be successfully applied to the
      genomic DNA of higher plants despite the high degree of methylation exhibited by
      plant DNA.

PMID- 160363
TI  - [Problems in the sanitary protection of the atmosphere in a rural locality].

PMID- 160364
TI  - [Role of planning newborn wards in obstetrical hospitals in the prevention of
      staphylococcal infections].

PMID- 160365
TI  - [Biostability of a heat-insulating and sound-proofing base for polyvinyl chloride
      linoleum].

PMID- 160366
TI  - [Arch asymmetry in trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome, mongolism)].

PMID- 160367
TI  - [The cause of low back pain and of the sciatic syndrome].

PMID- 160368
TI  - Comprehensive care--a mother's wish.

PMID- 160369
TI  - [The nutritional effects of the "classical" steal syndrome. (Steal syndrome-
      effect or phenomenon?) (author's transl)].
AB  - Since the steal syndrome was first described, many symptoms have, rightly or
      wrongly, been ascribed to this. The classical steal syndrome, as described by
      Revich et al for the subclavian artery, produces special nutritional effects, but
      these are also found in other vascular territories, particularly when the
      unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta are involved. The abnormal haemodynamics
      in a circumscribed arterial territory can be demonstrated radiologically before
      the full syndrome has developed. It would therefore be more precise to speak of a
      steal phenomenon or steal effect depending on whether there are objective or
      subjective changes.

PMID- 160370
TI  - [Active and passive vascular involvement in tumours and tumour-like processes in
      the extremities (author's transl)].
AB  - Angiography for tumours of the extremities may demonstrate active or passive
      involvement of vessels by the tumour. This technique has been used for a
      considerable time for the diagnosis and differentiation of bone tumours.
      Angiography is particularly suitable for distinguishing between benign and
      malignant tumours of soft tissues. Non-neoplastic space-occupying lesions which
      can be elucidated by angiography include aneurysms, haematomas, inflammatory
      processes and abscesses.

PMID- 160371
TI  - [Classification and course of cerebral infarcts on computer tomography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The typical computer tomographic signs of ischaemic cerebral infarct are
      discussed on the basis of 631 cases. Infarcts have three typical stages. Stage I,
      one week, fresh infarct with signs of oedema (space-occupying lesion with an
      unsharp margin, slightly reduced density, lack of contrast uptake). Stage II,
      second to fourth week, reduction in the oedema. Frequently very marked contrast
      enhancement of the cortex and basal nuclei. Stage III, later than four weeks.
      Development of malacic cysts, with further reduction in density and size.
      Development of homolateral atrophy. The computer tomographic diagnosis of
      cerebral infarcts during Stage I is often very difficult. Distinction from
      infiltrating tumour is often possible only after further observation. The
      diagnosis of cerebral infarcts in stages II and III is possible in most cases.
      Haemorrhagic cerebral infarcts do not follow a temporal pattern as accurately as
      anaemic infarcts. They show circular increase in contrast of slowly diminishing
      size. The increased contrast persists considerably longer and is clearly
      distinguished from that in an anaemic cerebral infarct.

PMID- 160372
TI  - [CT of the pelvis and abdomen during childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - The use of CT in the abdomen and pelvis in 25 children is described. Certain
      problems which reduce the value of the technique are discussed; these include the
      lack of intra- and retro-peritoneal fat, movement artefacts, the importance of
      exact indications and the problems of radiation dosage.

PMID- 160373
TI  - [A comparison of computer tomography and ultrasound for the demonstration of
      vessels in the abdomen and retroperitoneal space (author's transl)].
AB  - The value of computer tomography and ultrasound for demonstrating vessels in the
      abdomen and retroperitoneal space was compared. The methods were equal in their
      ability to demonstrate the major vessels situated centrally, but computer
      tomography proved better at differentiating arteries and veins situated
      peripherally. On the other hand, sonography proved a simple means of
      differentiating intrahepatic vascular structures.

PMID- 160374
TI  - [Computer tomography following blunt abdominal trauma (author's transl)].
AB  - The computer tomographic appearances of lesions of parenchymatous organs
      following blunt abdominal trauma are described in 13 patients (five liver, four
      renal, two splenic and two pancreatic injuries). The value of abdominal computer
      tomography is discussed in relation to the interval between injury and time of
      abdominal examination and compared with the diagnostic value of abdominal
      angiography.

PMID- 160376
TI  - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of local recurrences after resection for
      carcinoma of the rectum (author's transl)].
AB  - Presacral or pelvic floor tumour recurrence after abdomino-perineal resection for
      rectal or anal carcinomas has not been amenable to early radiological diagnosis.
      Computer tomography is a procedure which can demonstrate recurrences of two to
      three cm. Within the pelvis with certainty. The reliability of the method has
      been demonstrated in 27 patients suspected of having recurrences. The effect of
      demonstrating or excluding a recurrence on subsequent treatment is discussed. The
      value of computer tomographic examination of the pelvis for demonstrating the
      position and extent of a recurrence, the displacement of neighbouring organs,
      destruction of the pelvis and involvement of iliac lymph nodes is shown.

PMID- 160375
TI  - [Computer tomographic demonstration of haematomas in the pelvis and abdomen
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Retro- and intra-peritoneal haematomas have been demonstrated in 19 patients by
      computer tomography. Absorption values varied from 0 to 65 Hounsfield units.
      Absorption values are high shortly after the trauma, but fall during the
      following days and weeks because of absorption and enzymatic chances of the
      haemaglobin and protein. A diagnosis can only be made with a knowledge of the
      clinical background. Tumours, abscesses and cysts must be considered in the
      differential diagnosis. Unlike conventional radiography, haematomas can be
      directly demonstrated by computer tomography. Angiography may demonstrate the
      point of bleeding when there is no haematoma, or if an haematoma fails to develop
      because bleeding is taking place into a hollow organ or a duct.

PMID- 160377
TI  - [Computer tomography and retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease) (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Four patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease) were examined by
      computer tomography; the appearances are described and the differential diagnosis
      discussed. Computer tomography clearly defines the proliferative-inflammatory
      process and together with conventional radiology, angiography and
      lymphangiography it permits a presumptive diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis.
      The non-invasive nature of computer tomography makes it the method of choice for
      follow-up of this disease.

PMID- 160378
TI  - [Computer tomography for rare soft tissue tumours of the extremities (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Five patients with undiagnosed soft tissue masses in the extremities were
      examined and in two a pathological diagnosis could be made. One was an extensive,
      invasive fibroma (desmoid) 22 cm long which could be followed from the thigh
      almost into the pelvis. It was sharply demarkated form the surrounding muscles
      and of higher density. The second case was a 12 cm long cavernous haemangioma in
      the semi-membranosus muscle. This was originally hypo-dense, but showed marked
      increase in its density after the administration of contrast.

PMID- 160379
TI  - [Therapeutic embolisation of visceral arteries. Animal experiments, early
      clinical experience, introduction of a new embolising material (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Silicone elastomer was found to be suitable embolsing material in animal
      experiments and has been used in 16 patients. It produces permanent vascular
      occlusion, is easy to use, well tolerated and can be steam sterilised. The
      disadvantage of the method is the time taken to prepare it in the laboratory.
      Embolisation of tumours was successful in all cases; angiography nine months
      later showed that the vessels had remained occluded and that the tumours had
      ceased to grow or become smaller. The development of collateral vessels shows
      that this is only a palliative procedure and that surgery remains the main form
      of treatment. In ten of the 16 patients, the course of the disease was influenced
      beneficially.

PMID- 160380
TI  - [Indications and value of treatment by catheter occlusion (author's transl)].
AB  - The value of the catheter occlusion therapy is analyzed in 92 cases
      retrospectively, and the indication, and complication risk of these procedures
      are considered. In the following vessel areas occlusion with different methods
      have been performed with decreasing frequency; kidneys, pelvis, legs,
      gastrointestinal tract, external carotid and internal carotid artery. Serious
      complications have been observed in therapeutic investigations at the head,
      especially in occlusions of the external carotid artery. In this group
      embolisation therapy should be performed with strict indication only.

PMID- 160381
TI  - [Percutaneous nephropyelostomy: indications and technique (author's transl)].
AB  - Percutaneous nephropyelostomy has been performed on 24 patients. The method is
      simple, has few complications and can be performed rapidly; it can be recommended
      for both temporary and permanent supravesical urinary drainage. It represents an
      improvement in urologic techniques.

PMID- 160382
TI  - [Ultrasonography of the adrenals--limits of a real time scanner (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Sonography is an efficient, non invasive diagnostic tool in evaluating
      pathological enlargement of the adrenals. In 11 out of 27 patients, who had
      adrenal sonography, a tumor diagnosis was established. In 7 patients the
      sonographic findings and diagnosis were proved by scintigraphy, surgery and
      histology. With conventional ultrasound technique one cannot see the normal and
      nodular hyperplastic adrenal. At the same time we believe, tumors smaller than
      2.5 cm cannot be diagnosed accurately in general. Some problems of adrenal
      sonography could be eliminated with most recent ultrasound technology. (Grayscale
      processing, scan converter system, electronically focused transducers with higher
      frequencies). In future patients with pathologies in the adrenals can be
      evaluated non-invasive and definitely by ultrasound and computerized tomography.

PMID- 160383
TI  - [Studies on the reliability of the 99mTc-uptake as a measure of thyroidal
      stimulation (author's transl)].
AB  - In 44 patients with stimulated goitre the trapping kinetics of 131I-iodide and
      99mTc-pertechnetate are analyzed having corrected for different size of the
      thyroid and different physical properties of the tracers under use.
      Unidirectional iodide clearance (UDCL) is chosen as reliable estimator of
      thyroidal stimulation. UDCL shows strong correlation to iodide uptake tests and
      the correlation to pertechnetate uptake tests is sufficiently strong for
      semiquantitative evaluation of thyroidal stimulation. Under the conditions of
      clinical routine work the reproducibility of pertechnetate uptake tests exceeds
      that of iodide, thus, pertechnetate uptakes are more suitable for evaluation of
      regulation tests, i.e. suppression test and stimulation test with TSH. 99mTc
      thyroid-uptake (TcTU) 20 min after injection is a useful parameter of thyroidal
      stimulation for clinical routine work as it combines excellent reproducibility
      with strong correlation to unidirectional iodide clearance as the relevant
      parameter of thyroidal stimulation.

PMID- 160384
TI  - ["Cold lesions" in bone scintigraphy (author's transl)].
AB  - Frequency and location of "cold lesions" has been analysed in 1000 consecutive
      bone scans. Among the 554 abnormal cases there were 18 (1,8% of the total) with
      localized diminished activity due to metastatic lesions and 5 (0,5%) secondary to
      radiation osteitis. 10 of the 18 patients with metastatic disease had pure
      defects while 8 showed a reactive margin. It is pointed out that the quality of
      the examination is crucial for the demonstration of such defects and that single
      scans of the different regions of the skeleton are superior to a whole body scan.
      The survey of the literature shows that "cold lesions" are predominant in
      malignant bone diseases, however no relation exists to a definite histology.

PMID- 160386
TI  - [Popliteal vein aneurysm].

PMID- 160385
TI  - [Estimation of 131I hippuran clearance during pregnancy (author's transl)].
AB  - Changes in 131I hippuran clearance were estimated by a non-catheter method, as
      well as total clearance and clearance of each kidney, in 43 women at various
      stages of pregnancy and in 13 non-pregnant women who were not using hormonal
      contraceptives. The results are demonstrated in graph form. The methods used are
      described in detail. The procedure for determining clearance in separate kidneys
      is indicated. It was found that clearance values increased up to the 35th and
      36th weeks of pregnancy. The difference between the sides that were found
      corresponds with the previously known difference in the function of the right and
      left kidneys and ureters.

PMID- 160387
TI  - [Percutaneous transhepatic antegrade breaking up of biliary calculi and pneumatic
      dialtation of a strictured hepaticojejunostomy].

PMID- 160388
TI  - [Unusual origin of the collateral circulation in celiac truncus obstruction. Case
      contribution].

PMID- 160389
TI  - [Gas containing cyst of the kidney pelvis with calculi].

PMID- 160390
TI  - [Renal angiomyolipoma].

PMID- 160391
TI  - [Unusual skull foci in juvenile acute lymphoblastic leukeima (ALL)].

PMID- 160392
TI  - [Unusual shape of a fissure of the sternal manubrium].

PMID- 160393
TI  - Influence of age on the sensitivity of the rat to streptozotocin.
AB  - The relationship between age and sensitivity to the diabetogenic effect of
      streptozotocin was investigated. Changes in the serum levels of several
      parameters (glucose, immunoreactive insulin, lipids), as well as changes of the
      pancreatic insulin content were monitored at 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after the
      intravenous administration of different doses of streptozotocin in rats of
      various weights. Different concentrations of blood glucose and lipid and
      different amounts of pancreatic immunoreactive insulin could be found in rats of
      different ages 24 and 48 h after injection of the same dose of the drug (in mg/kg
      body weight). Also, age-dependent changes of serum immunoreactive insulin could
      be observed as early as 4 h after streptozotocin administration. All these
      changes indicate that the sensitivity of the rat to the diabetogenic effect of
      streptozotocin is inversely related to the age of the animals. Most likely, age
      dependent pancreatic factors have an important role. In fact, the changes of the
      minimum dose of streptozotocin required to cause diabetes in rats of different
      weights closely parallel the age-related changes of the total immunoreactive
      insulin content of the pancreas of the intact rats. The role of other age-related
      factors which may influence the effectiveness of streptozotocin action is briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 160394
TI  - Secular trend in growth in infants with Down's syndrome.

PMID- 160395
TI  - Peritoneal exudate T lymphocytes with specificity to sheep red blood cells. III.
      High dose of antigen induces suppressor T cells which influence the appearance in
      exudates of effector T cells for delayed-type hypersensitivity and helper T cells
      for humoral immune responses.
AB  - Antisera produced in rabbits against adherent cells of rat alveolar or peritoneal
      lavage fluid (anti-rat alveolar macrophage sera, ARAMS, or anti-rat peritoneal
      macrophage sera, ARPMS) were used to detect antigenic differences between
      alveolar (AM) and peritoneal (PM) macrophages in an indirect membrane
      immunofluorescence (IMF) test. Of all sera tested, the IMF titres were higher
      with cells of that population which was used for immunization. These differences
      were found before and after exhaustive absorptions with insolubilized rat plasma,
      rat erythrocytes, and non-adherant rat kidney, spleen, thymus and bone marrow
      cells. The differences were not due to antigens specific for one of the
      macrophage populations, as demonstrated by cross-adsorption studies with
      macrophages of different localization. It is assumed that two or more macrophage
      specific antigenic determinants are present in different density in the two
      macrophage populations.

PMID- 160397
TI  - Proliferation of mast cells in peripheral nerve of alloxan diabetic rat.

PMID- 160396
TI  - Dengue virus-induced thymus-derived suppressor cells in the spleen of mice.
AB  - Adoptive transfer of spleen cells obtained from mice given three weekly i.p.
      doses of dengue type 2 virus (DV) suppressed DV antigen-specific antibody
      secretion as detected by the Jerne plaque technique. This suppression was
      produced by non-glass-adherent cells but not by glass-adherent cells. Immune
      spleen cells depleted of macrophages by carbonyl iron treatment had higher
      suppressor activity. Immune spleen cell homogenate could transfer the activity
      equally well. The immune spleen cells were separated into T and B lymphocytes by
      a nylon wool column. B lymphocytes had no suppressor activity; almost all the
      suppressor activity was present in T lymphocytes. Thus, macrophages and B
      lymphocytes had no suppressor activity; it was mediated by T lymphocytes through
      soluble factors.

PMID- 160398
TI  - Clinical experience with terbutaline sulphate and ipratropium bromide in
      bronchial asthma.

PMID- 160399
TI  - Study of human dermatomycosis.

PMID- 160401
TI  - Injuries at work and compensation.

PMID- 160400
TI  - Rat brain homogenate for in vitro evaluation of anti-lipoperoxide activity of
      riboflavin tetrabutyrate.

PMID- 160402
TI  - Staphylococcal lung abscess and acute glomerulonephritis.
AB  - A patient with a staphylococcal lung abscess developed acute glomerulonephritis
      with clinical and pathological features typical of postinfectious
      glomerulonephritis. There was no evidence of streptococcal infection and the
      nephritis resolved following treatment of the abscess.

PMID- 160403
TI  - [Contact urticaria].
AB  - Report of a 42 year old woman who had given up her profession as a hairdresser
      because of urticarial skin eruptions following contact with substances used
      during working. An open patch test showed after 30 min positive urticarial
      reactions against permanent wave solution, fixation solution, p
      aminodiphenylamin, lanolin-alcohol and clioquinol.

PMID- 160404
TI  - [Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei].
AB  - Three typical cases of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei are presented with
      emphasis on clinical and histological data. Pathogenesis, differential diagnosis
      and therapy are shortly discussed.

PMID- 160405
TI  - In vitro tests of cellular immunity in man.
AB  - There has been a recent rapid increase in the number of assays for cellular
      immunity in man and in information related to the mechanisms underlying the
      observed reactions. These tests have been applied clinically for three main
      purposes: (a) Evaluation of cell-mediated immune competence of patients with
      primary immune deficiencies and of possible immunological depression associated
      with cancer or other diseases. (b) Determination of major differences in
      histocompatibility antigens which might be important in rejection of organ
      transplants. Some cellular immune assays have become part of the routine battery
      of assays used for immunological evaluation of potential donors and recipients.
      (c) Measurement of specific immune reactivity against antigens associated with a
      variety of diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and
      cancer.

PMID- 160406
TI  - Down's syndrome and early infantile autism: diagnostic confusion?

PMID- 160407
TI  - Purification and chemical characterization of the rodlet layer of Neurospora
      crassa conidia.
AB  - The rodlet layer of Neurospora crassa macroconidia has been purified and
      chemically characterized. Sheets of rodlets were released from the conidial
      surface by vigorously shaking conidia in water. Conidia were removed by
      filtration and low-speed centrifugation, and the rodlets were recovered from the
      supernatant by high-speed centrifugation. The rodlet pellet comprised 1.9% of the
      initial dry weight. Chemical analysis was hampered by the insolubility of the
      rodlets. They were not solubilized by heating in various protein-denaturing
      buffers and were only partially dissolved by heating in 1 M NaOH at 100 degrees C
      for 5 min. Nevertheless, they were found to be largely composed of protein (91%,
      based on total nitrogen). The major amino acids in acid hydrolysates were
      aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, half-cystine, and valine. Glucosamine
      was not detected in acid hydrolysates. The sulfur content was 2.5%, and this
      could be accounted for in half-cystine and methionine. Carbohydrate comprised
      just over 2%. The phosphorus content was 0.21%, of which less than one-third was
      accounted for in phospholipid. The total fatty acid content was 1.0%, most of
      which could be accounted for by the fatty acids of the phospholipids.

PMID- 160409
TI  - Siderophore synthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella sonnei during iron
      deficiency.
AB  - Klebsiella pneumoniae 298/53 and Shigella sonnei 43-GG9 exhibited restricted
      growth and enterochelin synthesis only under iron-deficient conditions. S. sonnei
      also produced an unidentified secondary hydroxamate siderophore.

PMID- 160408
TI  - Chemiosmotic coupling in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum: hydrogen-dependent
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis by subcellular particles.
AB  - Hydrogenase and the adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthetase complex, two
      enzymes essential in ATP generation in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, were
      localized in internal membrane systems as shown by cytochemical techniques.
      Membrane vesicles from this organism possessed hydrogenase and adenosine
      triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and synthesized ATP driven by hydrogen oxidation
      or a potassium gradient. ATP synthesis depended on anaerobic conditions and could
      be inhibited in membrane vesicles by uncouplers, nigericin, or the ATPase
      inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The presence of an adenosine 5'
      diphosphate-ATP translocase was postulated. With fluorescent dyes, a membrane
      potential and pH gradient were demonstrated.

PMID- 160410
TI  - Isolation of Neurospora crassa bradytrophs.
AB  - A method was developed for the isolation of Neurospora bradytrophs. The
      bradytrophs (representing lesions in a number of pathways) were resistant to DL-p
      fluorophenylalanine when growing in a leaky fashion but were sensitive when grown
      in the presence of their stimulating supplement.

PMID- 160411
TI  - Response to a metal ion-citrate complex in bacterial sensing.
AB  - Salmonella typhimurium responds chemotactically to gradients of divalent cations
      in the presence of citrate ions. The actual chemoeffector is the citrate-metal
      ion complex, which acts as an attractant. Citrate (which is also a chemoeffector
      for Salmonella) and the citrate-metal ion complex are recognized by different
      receptors. The response of Salmonells,  which can transport citrate through its
      membrane, is quite different than that of Escherichia coli, which cannot.

PMID- 160412
TI  - Cloning and physical mapping of the dnaA region of the Escherichia coli
      chromosome.
AB  - The dnaA gene of Escherichia coli K-12, supposedly present in the
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of specialized transducing phase lambda i21 dnaA-2,
      was cloned onto plasmid pBR322. The new plasmid was named pMCR501. Physical
      analyses of DNAs of lambda i21 dnaA-2 and pMCR501 revealed the following. The
      lambda i21 dnaA-2 DNA retained the delta sr I lambda 1-2 and ninR5 deletions and
      imm21 substitution which were originally present in the parental phage. The size
      reduction was compensated for by the insertion-substitution segment (tna-dnaA
      region) in lambda  i21 dnaA-2 DNA. The fractional size of this segment was
      approximately 7 megadaltons (Md), or 10 kilobases, which was found to be the sum
      of the tna insertion subsegment of ca. 3.5 Md and the dnaA substitution
      subsegment of ca. 3.5 Md. Phage P1-mediated transductional mapping between the
      dnaA46 and tna mutations gave a cotransduction frequency of 84%, corresponding to
      approximately 5 kilobases. Thus, it is strongly suggested that the dnaA gene
      resides in the lambda i21 dnaA-2 DNA. Cleavage mapping with the restriction
      endonuclease of pMCR501 DNA confirmed that it was constructed by excising a BamHI
      fragment of 4.29 Md, containing the 3.5-Md dnaA substitution segment, from the
      lambda i21 dnaA-2 DNA, inserting it into the sole BamHI cleavage site on pBR322.

PMID- 160413
TI  - Conditionally lethal amber mutations in the dnaA region of the Escherichia coli
      chromosome that affect chromosome replication.
AB  - Three amber mutations, dna-801, dna-803, and dna-806, were isolated by localized
      mutagenesis of the dnaA-oriC region of the chromosome from an Escherichia coli
      strain carrying temperature-sensitive amber suppressors. When the mutations were
      not suppressed at 42 degrees C, the cells did not grow and DNA synthesis was
      arrested. They were very closely linked to each other and to the dnaA46 mutation.
      The mutant phenotype of each strain was converted to the wild type by infecting
      the mutants with specialized transducing phase lambda i21 dnaA-2 but not with
      lambda i21 tna. Derivatives of lambda i21 dnaA-2, each of which carried the amber
      mutation dna-801 dna-803, or dna-806, converted the dnaA mutant phenotype to Dna+
      but did not convert rhe amber mutants to the wild-type phenotype. E. coli uvrB
      cells were irradiated with ultraviolet light and infected with each of these
      phage strains. An analysis of proteins synthesized in the cells revealed that two
      proteins with molecular weights of 50,000 and 43,000 were specified by lambda i21
      dnaA-2 but not by lambda i21 tna. When the ultraviolet-irradiated cells did not
      carry an amber suppressor, the derivative phage with the amber mutation
      invariably failed to produce the 43,000-dalton protein, but when the host cell
      carried supF (tyrT), the protein was produced. The 50,000-dalton protein was
      unaffected.

PMID- 160414
TI  - Inactivation of prophage in ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli: dependence
      on recA gene activity.
AB  - The fate of the prophage part of the lysogenic chromosome was followed in the
      course of post-ultraviolet incubation. For this purpose, lambda cI857 ind
      prophage, which can be induced by heat but not by ultraviolet light, was used.
      The prophage, intially more resistant than its repair-proficient host cell, was
      rapidly inactivated. This inactivation was not caused by the impaired capacity of
      irradiated cells to support growth of the phage. Over the entire dose range
      tested, little, if any, sensitivity difference between the host and the prophage
      was found at the end of cell division delay. Rapid inactivation of the prophage
      was also observed in uvr cells after small doses of ultraviolet light. The same
      small doses did not cause inactivation in lysogens carrying a mutation in the
      gene recA. This suggests that the functional gene recA is required for
      inactivation of the prophage part of the lysogenic chromosome.

PMID- 160415
TI  - Immunochemical analysis of triton X-100-insoluble residues from Micrococcus
      lysodeikticus membranes.
AB  - Triton X-100-insoluble residues from Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes were
      analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis after dispersal of the residues in
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Conditions which produce no obvious distortion of
      the immunoprecipitate profile and which allow qualitative and quantitative
      analyses of the antigens present in the extracts are described. Two main antigens
      were detected; these were identified as succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) and
      adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3). As determined by peak area estimations,
      the maximal release of succinate dehydrogenase and of adenosine triphosphatase
      from Triton X-100-insoluble membrane residues occurred at protein/SDS ratios of
      about 4.3:1 (0.2% SDS) and 6.8:1 (0.13% SDS), respectively. A comparison of
      enzyme activities of SDS extracts with those of untreated, control Triton X-100
      insoluble membrane residues indicated that both the succinate dehydrogenase and
      the adenosine triphosphatase antigens were released with a full (or enhanced)
      catalytic potential at or below concentrations of SDS required to effect maximal
      solubilization of the enzyme in question. Evidence is also presented to suggest
      that the more acidic of the two components detected by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis for the heterogeneous adenosine triphosphatase antigen is
      more sensitive to SDS than is the other. Both succinate dehydrogenase and
      adenosine triphosphatase lost catalytic activity and were denatured at
      protein/SDS ratios lower than 3.4:1.

PMID- 160416
TI  - Analysis of the allosteric properties of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase by
      means of affinity labeling with a reactive ATP analog.
AB  - A reactive ATP analog, N6-(6-bromoacetamidohexyl)-AMP-PCP, reacted specifically
      with the ATP inhibitory site of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase
      without affecting the active site. Modification resulted in the incorporation of
      1.01 mol of the reagent per mol of enzyme subunit. The modified enzyme was
      insensitive to allosteric inhibition by ATP and to activation by AMP at pH 7.2,
      where the native enzyme exhibits allosteric kinetic behavior. These observations
      demonstrate that we had succeeded in obtaining PFK fixed in the T state. Using
      the kinetic parameters of this modified enzyme, the kinetic properties of native
      enzyme can be quantitatively accounted for by the allosteric model of Monod-Wyman
      Changeux. Further, the reagent was shown to have reacted with a specific cysteine
      residue near or at the ATP inhibitory site, and the sequence around the cysteine
      was determined as Cys-Lys-Asp-Phe-Arg.

PMID- 160417
TI  - A further study on the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a light-chain
      subunit of chicken gizzard myosin.

PMID- 160418
TI  - The effect of sarcomere length and stretching on the rate of ATP splitting in
      glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers.
AB  - The effect of sarcomere length and stretching on the tension and the rate of ATP
      splitting was studied using small fiber bundles from glycerinated rabbit psoas
      muscle. The rate of ATP slitting was determined by measuring ADP production,
      while the tension development in response to a contracting solution (at pCa 5.3)
      was recorded in the same preparation. The isometric tension developed by the
      preparation decreased when the sarcomere length was increased. The decrease of
      tension development was accompanied by a decrease in the rate of ATP splitting.
      If a preparation exerting steady isometric tension was stretched by 5--10% at a
      velocity of 0.1 mm/s, the rate of ATP splitting was increased after stretching,
      while the steady isometric tension attained after stretching was also higher than
      the initial value. The extent of the excess ATP splitting caused by stretching
      decreased with increasing sarcomere length. These results suggest that the rate
      of the interaction cycle between actin and myosin molecules may increase as a
      result of stretching.

PMID- 160419
TI  - Complement activation profiles in disease.

PMID- 160420
TI  - Antibody affinity: immunogenetic aspects and relationship to immune complex
      disease.

PMID- 160421
TI  - Therapeutic aspects. Immunosuppression in established humoral responses.

PMID- 160422
TI  - Functional subsets of lymphocytes.

PMID- 160423
TI  - X-linked ichthyosis: a metabolic disease.
AB  - Sex-linked ichthyosis, a rather common genodermatosis, has recently been linked
      with deficiency of the enzyme steroid sulfatase. Data supporting this association
      and suggesting that alterations in lipid metabolism may cause abnormal
      keratinization are herein reviewed.

PMID- 160424
TI  - Rat strain differences in copulatory behavior after para-chlorophenylalanine and
      hormone treatment.
AB  - The potentiation of masculine copulatory behavior in castrated male rats
      following systemic para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) treatment was found to be
      dependent upon the strain of rat and the recency of castration. Wistar (W) and
      Sprague-Dawley (SD) males displayed a decline in behavioral responsiveness to
      PCPA treatment following castration, the W males retaining their behavioral
      responsiveness longer than SD males. Castrated W males were also behaviorally
      more responsive to androgen replacement than were SD males. Ovariectomized W and
      SD females receiving estrogen replacement displayed a strain difference in
      hormonal sensitivity. In tests for feminine copulatory behavior, ovariectomized W
      females were behaviorally more sensitive to estrogen treatment than SD females.
      Ovariectomized and estrogen-primed females of both strains displayed potentiated
      lordotic behavior following chronic PCPA treatment. Concomitant treatment with
      dexamethasone to reduce adrenal steroid output abolished the potentiation of
      lordotic behavior found with PCPA treatment.

PMID- 160426
TI  - Consideration in the dental treatment of the hemophiliac patient.

PMID- 160425
TI  - Seborrheic keratoses and trichostasis spinulosa.
AB  - In 54 of 325 seborrheic keratoses, trichostasis spinulosa was found within the
      keratinous cysts and between papillomatous surface keratin, in addition to being
      present in contiguous hair follicles. Trichostasis in seborrheic keratoses and
      trichostasis spinulosa are both more frequent in older age groups. Trichostasis
      spinulosa represents a marker of vellus hair follicles and indicates that some
      seborrheic keratoses incorporate and may be partially derived from the cells of
      the infundibular portion of the follicle.

PMID- 160435
TI  - Ultrastructural cytochemical studies of plasma membrane phosphatase activities
      during the HeLa S3 cell cycle.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase (AP), 5'-nucleotidase (5'N), Mg2+-activated ATPase (Mg
      ATPase) and Ca2+-activated ATPase (Ca-ATPase) were studied in sychronized HeLa S3
      cells with cytochemical methods and electron microscopy. It was found that AP
      activity, as determined by the deposition of lead phosphate reaction product
      (r.p.) was most active in mitotic (M), early and middle G1 cells, less active in
      late G1 and almost undetectable in S phase cells. Most AP enzyme activity was
      found to be associated with undulations (mainly microvilli) of the plasma
      membrane. Fluctuations and the redistribution of 5'N were also observed; the
      reaction for 5'N was positive in all phases of the cell cycle studied, it was
      strongest in M cells and in the majority of middle G1 cells. Mg-ATPase activity
      was present in the plasma membranes of cells throughout the cell cycle, but did
      not show noticeable fluctuations in activity and distribution. Ca-ATPase activity
      appeared in plasma membranes and in limited areas of cell nuclei but was evident
      only in S phase cells. The results of the present study confirm and extend
      previous biochemical observations and indicate that changes in membrane phosphate
      activities are associated with enzyme activity redistributions within the plasma
      membrane during the HeLa S3 cell cycle.

PMID- 160436
TI  - Inhibition of MLC stimulator function by antibodies directed to non-HLA antigens.
AB  - The properties of five human alloantisera which inhibit the stimulating capacity
      of cells in an MLC reactions are described. All of the sera showed patterns of
      inhibition in families which did not correlate with HLA haplotypes. In a large
      proportion of the families investigated the sera did not react with parental
      cells but inhibited the cells from one or more of the children. Absorptions were
      performed with one of these sera using such non-reactive parental cells. Paternal
      cells absorbed out the inhibiting activity while maternal cells did not. This
      indicates that expression of the antigen with which the inhibiting antiserum
      reacts is insufficient for inhibition and other factors, either environmental or
      inherited from the mother, influence the capacity of the antiserum to cause
      inhibition. This antigen was most likely a non-HLA antigen.

PMID- 160437
TI  - [Studies on biosynthesis and function of glyco conjugates using the specific
      inhibitory action of tunicamycin as a probe (author's transl)].

PMID- 160438
TI  - A clinical approach to the choice of antimicrobial agents, Case number 12: Fever
      and a cutaneous eruption.

PMID- 160439
TI  - Service delivery to the handicapped: the role of the federal procurement process 
      Part II. Selecting contractors by competitive award.

PMID- 160440
TI  - Resource rooms: some aspects for special educators to ponder.

PMID- 160441
TI  - In-vitro measurement of the 3 beta-ol dehydrogenase isomerase complex in
      hyperprolactinaemic male rats [proceedings].

PMID- 160442
TI  - The effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on interferon production in human cells.
AB  - 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) increased interferon production by the Namalwa line
      of human lymphoblastoid cells treated with Sendai virus, but inhibited their
      growth. Thymidine, which also inhibited cell growth had no effect on interferon
      production, so that growth inhibition per se was not the cause of the
      stimulation. BrdUrd was incorporated into cellular DNA; 5-chlorodeoxyuridine and
      5-iododeoxyuridine (which are also incorporated) increased the interferon yield,
      but 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (which is not incorporated) did not. Thymidine reduced
      both the incorporation of BrdUrd and its stimulatory effect on interferon
      production. Deoxycytidine (which prevents the cytotoxic effects of BrdUrd) had no
      effect on the stimulation. BrdUrd also stimulated interferon production in
      response to poly(rI) . poly(rC) in growing human diploid fibroblasts but not in
      SV40 virus-transformed human cells. Since BrdUrd was incorporated into the DNA of
      all these cells, we concluded that incorporation is necessary, but not sufficient
      for the stimulation of interferon formation.

PMID- 160444
TI  - Primary writing tremor.
AB  - We describe a patient who complained of jerking of the right forearm on writing.
      Active pronation of his arm produced several beats of pronation/supination
      tremor. A burst of tremor also could be elicited by tendon taps to the volar
      surface of the wrist, to the finger extensors, and to pectoralis major, and by
      forcible supination of the wrist delivered by a torque motor. The subject's
      writing difficulty and tremor were temporarily abolished by partial motor point
      anaesthesia of pronator teres. We conclude that the tremor was caused by an
      abnormal response to muscle spindle input from pronator teres.

PMID- 160443
TI  - Transient global amnesia after clioquinol: five personal observations from
      outside Japan.
AB  - Five personal observations of an acute amnestic episode in younger individuals
      after intake of clioquinol are described together with three observations from
      the medical literature. In five of these cases the episode began after an
      unusually large dose, in three after a therapeutic one with a latency of about 24
      hours. The clinical aspect closely resembled classical transient global amnesia
      but the episode after clioquinol lasted longer (24 hours to three days) and a
      more or less extensive retrograde amnesia persisted permanently. In one patient
      after three tablets of Mexase a clioquinol concentration of 12 microgram/ml in
      plasma was found 24 hours after the specified dose, which is an unexpectedly high
      concentration compared to those reported as late as 24 hours after a single equal
      dose of Mexase or any other clioquinol-containing preparation. Another patient
      had a brief relapse two years after the first episode, after a single therapeutic
      dose of another clioquinol preparation.

PMID- 160446
TI  - An evaluation of some carrier detection techniques in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy.
AB  - Some recently described abnormalities in the serum and red cell membranes in
      Duchenne dystrophy have been examined as methods of carrier detection in a single
      blind controlled study. Twelve carriers (4 definite, 3 probable and 5 possible
      carriers previously found to have raised creatine kinase levels) and 12 normal
      female controls of the same age, were examined on 3 separate occasions at
      approximately two-weekly intervals. Analysis of age-dependent red cell shape
      changes, serum haemopexin levels, red cell K+ efflux rate, sensitivity of red
      cell ghost membrane ATPase to ouabain, membrane protein phosphorylation studies
      and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme profiles on agarose gel electrohoresis all
      failed to distinquish carriers from controls. The carriers suffered muscle cramps
      more frequently than the controls and all but one carrier and two control
      subjects were correctly identified by manual muscle strength testing, certain
      proximal muscles in paricular being consistently weaker in carriers than in the
      control group subjects. Scalar electrocardiography revealed higher values for the
      R/S ratio in Leads V1 and V2 and the sum (R-S) in V2.

PMID- 160445
TI  - Interactions between central monoaminergic systems: dopamine-serotonin.
AB  - Concentration of dopamine and serotonin metabolites (HVA and 5-HIAA) in the CSF
      was evaluated before and after pharmacological treatment in 19 patients with
      different neuropsychiatric diseases. In every case a reciprocal modification of
      the two metabolites occurred after treatment. The result supports the hypothesis
      of a functional balance between the monoaminergic systems in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 160447
TI  - Association of myocardial cell necrosis with experimental cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in rabbits by injecting thyroxine or
      isoprenaline, or by surgically constricting the abdominal aorta. An increase in
      heart weight was associated with a change in the ratios of bound to free forms of
      five lysosomal enzymes, a change in serum creatine phosphokinase and lactate
      dehydrogenase, and a change in the morphology of the myocardial cells.
      Isoprenaline treatment for 5 days induced a maximal change in heart weight, in
      the ratio of lysosomal enzymes, and in the serum enzymes. Thyroxine treatment was
      required for 15 days before maximal changes in heart weight, ratio, and serum
      enzymes were observed. In contrast, coarctation of the aorta caused a progressive
      change in heart weight, in the ratio of lysosomal enzymes, and in serum enzymes.
      These results suggest that necrosis of the myocardial cells does indeed accompany
      cardiac hypertrophy. It was further observed that autophagosomes, degenerating
      mitochondria in the myocardial cells during the induction of cardiac hypertrophy,
      and myofibril lysis were found, all of which confirms the suggestion of
      myocardial cell necrosis in the experimentally enlarged heart.

PMID- 160448
TI  - Calcium, magnesium-ATPase in the microsomal fraction of intima-media smooth
      muscle from porcine coronary artery [proceedings].

PMID- 160450
TI  - [Pericardial effusions (85 cases): radiological aspects (author's transl)].
AB  - A radiological study of 85 patients with acute pericarditis and effusion included
      a group of 35 cases observed before the introduction of ultrasonography and a
      second group of 50 patients in whom the presence of pericarditis had been
      confirmed by this investigation. The most important conclusions established were
      the following: --Absence of radiological signs in 55% of cases (group 1 : 46%,
      group 2 : 60%); normal heart size in 54% (group 1) and 78% (group 2), and
      increased size in 34% (group 1) and 20% (group 2). --Hilar manifestations
      (overlapping and obscuring of the left hilar region) in 26% of cases with a clear
      predominence of the left forms (14 out of 22). The cardiomegaly was not
      significant in 28% (group 1) and 14% (group 2). --The high frequency of
      pericarditis with a normal heart size has to be emphasized. The diagnostic value
      of hilar manifestations is also mentioned; the sign of left hilar overlapping is
      described in greater detail. --An overall comparison between the two groups
      shows, more particularly, the equal importance of left hilar manifestations for
      the radiological diagnosis of pericarditis. In a general way, it would appear
      that these hilar signs are the only elements which enable objective diagnosis of
      pericardial effusions on standard films.

PMID- 160449
TI  - Validity of a Back Pain Classification Scale among patients with low back pain
      not associated with demonstrable organic disease.

PMID- 160451
TI  - Historical predictability of abnormal laparoscopic findings in the infertile
      woman.
AB  - The conventional approach to laparoscopy in an infertility workup has been to
      perform the procedure in the latter stages. Alternative ways have been suggested.
      Our investigation attempted to assess the suitabilities of an alternative
      approach. The laparoscopic findings in a group of 231 patients examined as part
      of an infertility workup have been analyzed. The predictability of abnormal
      findings has been demonstrated with accuracy in those patients with certain
      symptomatic or historical associations. The ability to predict abnormalities
      would suggest that laparoscopy should be performed early in the workup in this
      group. This holds true regardless of the discovery of any other abnormality which
      might be thought to be related to the patient's infertility.

PMID- 160452
TI  - Ketamine--HCl--diazepam anesthesia for laparoscopy.
AB  - Laparoscopy was performed on 150 patients under ketamine-HCl-diazepam anesthesia
      via intravenous drip infusion. No psychomotor disturbances were noted during the
      emergence phase. No complications occurred during the procedures, neither from
      the surgical nor from the anesthesiologic point of view. No alarming stimulation
      of the cardiovascular system was noted. The patients became responsive within a
      short time, but a state of strong sleepiness remained for several hours.
      Therefore, ketamine-HCl-diazepam anesthesia does not appear suitable for
      outpatient laparoscopies but is a valuable alternative to other methods of
      anesthesia for laparoscopy.

PMID- 160453
TI  - Expression of lymphocyte differentiation antigens on cells responsive to H-2
      mutant alloantigens.

PMID- 160454
TI  - Suppressed lymphocyte reactivity following lymphocyte interaction with
      macrophages.

PMID- 160455
TI  - HLA B27 in patients with seronegative spondarthritides.
AB  - We investigated the pattern of genetic susceptibility to rheumatic diseases in
      Indians by means of HLA analysis. HLA B27 was present in more than 90% of cases
      included under the broad category or seronegative spondarthritides. In this
      respect our data resembled results reported for Caucasian populations. In our
      population, however, the phenotypic frequency of HLA B27 was low as reported from
      Japan.

PMID- 160456
TI  - Tomographic examinations of sacroiliac joints in adult patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - Tomography of the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) was performed in 72 patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 50 controls. Twenty-seven rheumatoid patients
      (38%) showed typical sacroilitis with predominantly severe intraarticular
      ankylosis and subchondral erosions. Fourteen patients (19%) had a probable
      sacroilitis with mild erosions and intraarticular ankylosis and concomitant
      degenerative changes. Fifteen patients (21%) showed predominantly degenerative
      changes and 16 RA patients (22%) had no radiological manifestation of the SIJ.
      There was no relation between typical sacroilitis and age of patients, duration
      of disease, rheumatoid factor, Steinbrocker's stage and frequency of HLA B27.

PMID- 160457
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis and chlamydial infection in apparently healthy HLA B27
      blood donors.

PMID- 160458
TI  - Restoration of diminished splenic responses to phytohemagglutinin and
      concanavalin A in adjuvant-induced disease by corticosteroids: further evidence
      for the presence and pathogenetic role of two populations of splenic suppressor
      cells.
AB  - This study confirms observations that active adjuvant-induced disease is
      accompanied by diminished spleen cell responses to phytohemagglutinin and
      concanavalin A; and that these diminished responses are due to suppressor cells,
      some adherent only to glass, and others adherent to plastic or glass.
      Corticosteroid inhibition of adjuvant disease is accompanied by a diminution or
      absence of these splenic suppressor cells. Some of these suppressor cells are
      inhibited in vitro by corticosteroids, in preference to the mitogen-responsive
      cells. This suggests that suppressor cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of
      AID.

PMID- 160459
TI  - Restoration of diminished splenic responses to phytohemagglutinin and
      concanavalin A in adjuvant-induced disease by virazole: possible pathogenetic
      role of a virus and suppressor cells.
AB  - Adjuvant arthritis is inhibited by the interferon-inducing anti-viral agents
      statolon, pyran copolymer and tilorone, and by the passive transfer of
      interferon. The present experiments demonstrate that Virazole, a non-interferon
      inducing, anti-viral agent also inhibits adjuvant arthritis. The responses of
      splenic lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A are diminished in
      active adjuvant disease, due to suppressor cells. Suppressor cells are absent
      during spontaneous, methodrexate or corticosteroid-induced remissions. Suppressor
      cells are also absent during Virazole-induced inhibition of adjuvant disease.
      Methotrexate and corticosteroids inhibit suppressor cells in preference to
      mitogen-responsive cells in vitro. The preferential inhibition with Virazole is
      superior to that noted with methotrexate or corticosteroids.

PMID- 160460
TI  - Sulfonated catecholamide analogues of enterobactin as iron sequestering agents.

PMID- 160461
TI  - Usnic acid derivatives as potential antineoplastic agents.
AB  - Usnic acid, a lichen antibiotic, showed low-level activity in the Lewis lung
      carcinoma test system. In an effort to produce new agents of potential use in the
      treatment of lung cancer, derivatives of the natural product were synthesized and
      evaluated with a cytotoxicity assay. Structure--activity analysis of the
      cytotoxicity data indicated the importance of the lipophilicity and the beta
      triketone moiety of usnic acid on cytotoxicity. No significant increases in
      survival of test animals over controls were shown by any of the synthetic
      compounds in the P388 leukemia or the Lewis lung carcinoma test systems.

PMID- 160462
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor properties of 7-deoxy-7-[(cis- and trans-3
      aminocyclohexane)thio]carminomycinone.
AB  - The synthesis of analogues of carminomycin in which the daunosamine group has
      been replaced by (cis- and trans-3-aminocyclohexane)thio moieties is described.
      The new compounds were found to exhibit none of the antitumor or antibiotic
      activity associated with carminomycin.

PMID- 160463
TI  - Transposition mutagenesis of bacteriophage lambda: a new gene affecting cell
      lysis.

PMID- 160464
TI  - Molecular cloning of the DNA ligase gene from bacteriophage T4. I.
      Characterisation of the recombinants.

PMID- 160465
TI  - An analysis of repressor overproduction by the lambda cIIIs mutant.

PMID- 160466
TI  - Design in dentistry.

PMID- 160467
TI  - Morphometry and ultrastructure of heart hypertrophy induced by chronic volume
      overload (aorto-caval fistula in the rat).

PMID- 160468
TI  - Noninvasive Doppler ultrasound evaluation of aortocoronary bypass.
AB  - Using ultrasound method, aortocoronary bypass patency was determined by means of
      bidirectional Doppler's flowmeter. In 8 (3%) of 302 subjects without
      aortocoronary bypass was recorded diastolic signal which might distort the
      results of postoperative evaluation of graft patency. Two-hundred and ninety
      seven patients with 330 aortocoronary bypasses were studied at the mean time of 8
      months after operation. The graft patency was 84.5%. Comparison of 89 ultrasound
      findings with angiographic results established considerable specificity (90%) and
      sufficient sensitivity (77%). Reproducibility of this method was also good. The
      method is inexpensive and not time consuming. The advantages are also its safety
      and convenience for the patient. In the present level of development it can be
      used mainly as screening test at long-term follow-up of aortocoronary graft
      patency.

PMID- 160469
TI  - Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate on the cardiovascular system.
AB  - Using the dog as experimental animal, effects on the cardiovascular system of a
      new vasodilator, 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75), were studied. In the heart
      lung preparation, the compound produced a dose-dependent increase in the coronary
      blood flow, which was associated with only a minimal increase in the myocardial
      oxygen consumption. There was essentially no change in the myocardial function.
      The myocardial redox potential was shifted to more positive values. In the
      isolated perfused heart preparation (Langendorff's preparation), SG-75 produced a
      dilatation of only the small resistive arterioles. However, it produced a
      dilatation of the large conductive artery in underperfused myocardium. SG-75
      produced a significant increase in the cerebral venous outflow, associated with
      an increase in the cerebro-spinal fluid pressure. It produced a reducation of the
      venous return, which was especially prominent in the lower half of the body. In
      the isolated smooth muscle preparation of the coronary artery, high-doses of SG
      75 induced calcium antagonistic effects and produced a relaxation of the
      lanthanum contracture.

PMID- 160470
TI  - [Mineralocorticoid excess in essential hypertension].

PMID- 160471
TI  - [Some experiments on the allergic reaction among workers in a pharmaceutical
      factory (author's transl)].
AB  - A survey was made on workers handling powdered drugs in a pharmaceutical factory.
      In this factory, two kinds of anti-inflammatory enzyme (bromelain and trypsin),
      one anti-inflammatory agent (flufenamic acid), one antispasmodic (flopropion) and
      two kinds of antibiotics (ampicillin and cephalexin) are mainly produced. Twenty
      four workers were examined by interviews and checked by Cornell Medical Index,
      and 18 of them complained of respiratory symptoms. These 18 workers were
      physically examined by skin scratch tests, pulmonary function tests and serum
      immunological tests. Among 24 workers, 9 handled powdered drugs (A group), 5
      handled the same in the past and had already been transferred to other sections
      for their symptoms (B group), 3 engaged in the process of capsul-filling (C
      group) and 7 handled several times occasionally during one year (D group). Their
      average months spent in handling powdered drugs were, in the case of anti
      inflammatory enzyme, A group 53.2, B group 66.2, and in the case of antibiotics,
      5 workers in A group 24.0, 2 workers in B group 7.0, 3 workers in C group 25.7.
      Twenty workers complained of symptoms which were mainly irritation of mucosa
      including the respiratory system and itching of the skin while they were working,
      and accelerated nasal discharge, urticaria and asthma after working. Group A and
      group B were higher than group D in the rate of respiratory complaints in C.M.I.
      (p less than 0.001). Fourteen workers pointed out anti-inflammatory enzyme as a
      cause of main symptoms, 7 workers flufenamic acid, 3 workers flopropion, 4
      workers antibiotics. Three workers who had past history of asthma or articular
      rheumatism had been transferred to other sections. Of 18 workers who were
      physically examined, 11 workers showed positive reactions to skin scratch tests
      with handling drugs. On 8 workers of them, some kinds of drugs which were pointed
      out as drugs causing main symptoms reacted positively. Numbers of workers with
      increased immunoglobin values were, IgE 3, IgM 2, IgA 4, IgM 2. Two workers
      showed decreased FVC and FEV (1.0 sec.) values in pulmonary function tests. The
      causes of the occupational allergic reaction in this factory are guessed as
      follows: 1) control of powdered materials was incomplete in the process of
      production, 2) various kinds of sensitizing drugs were handled by the same
      workers.

PMID- 160472
TI  - [Analysis of magnetocardiograms of normal and abnormal heart subjects using two
      dimensional displaying method (author's transl)].

PMID- 160474
TI  - [Offering service of the highest quality: cooperation between the public health
      office and the municipal office at Takefu-Shi. A circle of activities developed
      through the aid offered to the handicapped children - help extended to those who
      need it].

PMID- 160473
TI  - [Urinary excretion of plasmin and fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products in
      various types of glomerulonephritis (author's transl)].

PMID- 160476
TI  - [Organization of parents of physically handicapped children and help extended by
      the public health nurses].

PMID- 160475
TI  - [For happiness of the handicapped children - spontaneously developed service
      network. Discussion].

PMID- 160477
TI  - Relationship of school setting to self concept in physically disabled children.

PMID- 160479
TI  - [Major reform for the handicapped in Denmark].

PMID- 160478
TI  - Prognosis of infants of very low birth weight (less than 1,500 gm) at Alexandra
      Hospital, Singapore.

PMID- 160480
TI  - [Peritoneoscopy in infancy and childhood, indications, technique and diagnostic
      value (author's transl)].
AB  - Indications, technique and diagnostic value of peritoneoscopy in infancy and
      childhood are reviewed from the literature; own results are discussed as well.
      Peritoneoscopy is an important procedure in the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory
      liver disease and gonadal dysgenesis in this age group. If other diseases are
      suspected, non-invasive examination techniques may give sufficient diagnostic
      information.

PMID- 160481
TI  - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, liver cirrhosis and pulmonary emphysema
      (author's transl)].
AB  - It is well known that incidence of chronic obstructive lung disease in adult
      patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) is high. Adult carriers of
      this genetic trait with cirrhosis of the liver, and also with fibrosis of the
      liver and hepatoma, have been reported. A causal relationship between ATD and
      liver lesions has been suspected. In most cases liver disease has been recognized
      at post morten, - in a few cases, however, intra vitam, when severe symptoms of
      the liver disease had become apparent. The case of a 59 year-old patient is
      reported with PIZZ-homozygous ATD, moderate pulmonary emphysema and with marked
      portal fibrosis and focal transition in cirrhosis of the liver without any
      sequelae. The clinical course has been rather benign so far.

PMID- 160482
TI  - The reliability of self-administration of dapsone by leprosy patients in Burma.

PMID- 160483
TI  - [Occupational allergic dermatoses].

PMID- 160484
TI  - [Tutorship in the hospital].

PMID- 160485
TI  - [Municipal nurses' council].

PMID- 160486
TI  - [International Year of the Child].

PMID- 160487
TI  - Effect of endurance training on myocardial myosin adenosine triphosphatase
      activity of the dog.
AB  - Endurance exercise training has been found to enhance the functional capacity of
      the myocardium in several animal models. The sub-cellular phenomena accompanying
      the augmented function are yet to be explained. The present study sought to
      determine if the myosin ATPase activity of cardiac muscle increased as a result
      of endurance conditioning. Five beagles trained by running on a motor driven
      treadmill (T) and five control (NT) animals were studied. Follwoing 10 weeks of
      training the T group had a significantly (P less than .05) lower heart rate than
      the NT while performing the same submaximal exercise and the gastrocnemius
      cytochrome oxidase activity was significantly greater (P less than .005) in the T
      than in the NT. These two measurements established that the exercised animals
      were physically trained. Myosin was isolated from the left ventricular myocardium
      and activated in a medium containing K-EDTA. No significant (P less than .05)
      difference in maximum myosin ATPase activity was observed between the NT and T
      groups in cardiac muscle. It was concluded that cardiac muscle myosin ATPase
      activity was not affected by 10 weeks of endurance conditioning induced by
      treadmill running in dogs.

PMID- 160488
TI  - The use of overcorrection with artificial nails in the treatment of chronic
      fingernail biting.

PMID- 160489
TI  - Loss of rac locus DNA in merozygotes of Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - DNA-DNA hybridization was used to demonstrate that the substituted DNA in the
      bacteriophage lambda recE (formerly called lambda reverse) is homologous to DNA
      at the rac locus in Escherichia coli. Strains that are rac- do not contain
      appreciable amounts of this DNA, and it is lost from a rac+ episome (F' 123)
      after transmission to a rac- recipient. This is consistent with the proposal that
      the rac locus contains a cryptic prophage (Low, 1973).

PMID- 160490
TI  - Lambda transducing phages derived from a FinO- R100::lambda cointegrate plasmid:
      proteins encoded by the R100 replication/incompatibility region and the
      antibiotic resistance determinant.
AB  - Three lambda transducing phages have been isolated from pEDR20, an R100::lambda
      cointegrate plasmid in which the lambda insertion inactivated the R100 finO gene.
      Physical analysis of the three phages showed that the lambda is inserted at
      kilobase coordinate 81.3 of R100. All three phages carry different amounts of
      R100 DNA in the left arm of lambda. Each pahge contains ISlb, the mer genes and
      the region between coordinate 81.3 and 88.6; thus, all contain the genes
      necessary for R100 replication. One phage, VA lambda 73, contains the entire r
      determination of R100 in addition to the above DNA. Five proteins coded by the
      region between 81.3 and 88.6 were detected. These had subunit molecular weights
      of 10,400; 12,200; 16,200; 19,600; and 38,300. The first was made constitutively
      and the other four only from a lambda promoter. Other constitutive proteins were
      one from the cml fus region with a molecular weight of 22,400 (cml) and two from
      the str sul region with molecular weights of 31,500 (str?) and 30,100 (sul?).
      Mercuric ion induced synthesis of at least 10 proteins. Six of these were known
      from earlier work. The total size of the proteins which appear to derive from the
      mer genes exceeds by a factor of 1.5, the coding capacity of this region without
      overlapping genes. Some, or all of these extra proteins may be chromosomal in
      origin, possibly derepressed in response to mercury gene products.

PMID- 160491
TI  - Cloning the trpR gene.
AB  - In Escherichia coli, the structural gene for purine nucleoside phosphorylase,
      deoD, is subject to insertional inactivation by prophage lambda. From one such
      secondary site lambda lysogen, strain SP265, one may isolate deletions that
      remove all or part of the trpR gene and other genes in the deo-thr sector of the
      E. coli chromosome. Specialized transducing phages harboring serB+ and trpR+ were
      liberated following induction of SP265. All such phages were N-defective, bio
      type pseudolysogens whose DNA persisted in the form of plasmids. A collection of
      transducing phages, differing in their complement of bacterial DNA, was used to
      locate cleavage sites for BamHI, SalI, and PvuI within the deoD-trpR region of
      the E. coli genome. The trpR gene lies within a specific 950 base pair BamHI-PvuI
      segment. A 1250 base pair BamHI fragment carrying a functional trpR gene was
      cloned into the amplifiable plasmid pBR322. A single SalI site in this fragment
      was shown to lie within the TrpR gene. In two situations where increased gene
      dosage might generate elevated amounts of Trp repressor (N-defective trpR+
      pseudolysogens and strains harboring pBR322 trpR+ plasmids) neither tryptophan
      auxotrophy, enhanced sensitivity to DL-5-methyl-tryptophan, nor super repression
      of the tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes was observed.

PMID- 160494
TI  - Huntington's disease: national register.

PMID- 160492
TI  - Transcription and membrane attachment of bacteriophage lambda DNA in the absence
      of N function in the E. coli suA 1 mutant.
AB  - In the polarity suppressor strain psuA 1, we observe a partial N independence of
      both transcription and DNA-membrane attachment for a lambda NN mutant. These
      results, in agreement with the genetical data reported by Dambly et al. (1976),
      suggest that the N product and rho factor are involved in the same process but
      may not interact directly.

PMID- 160493
TI  - Nitrogen regulation of uricase synthesis in Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 160495
TI  - Dextropropoxyphene.

PMID- 160496
TI  - [Endomyocardiopathy and eosinophilia (author's transl)].
AB  - Clinical, laboratory, and necropsy findings in a male patient with marked
      eosinophilia and fatal cardiac failure are reported. Necropsy revealed an
      obliteration of the left ventricle caused by endomyocardial fibrosis, left
      ventricle hypertrophy, and white thrombus. There was also found endomyocardial
      fibrosis and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. Pathogenesis and treatment of
      endomyocardiopathies are discussed.

PMID- 160497
TI  - [Pathophysiology and therapy of frost lesions].

PMID- 160499
TI  - [Lumbar syndrome and work capacity evaluation. (Conclusions from lectures of the
      XII. seminar for professional postgraduate improvement held in Sombor on Oct. 7,
      1978)].

PMID- 160498
TI  - [Introduction to the investigation of the lumbar syndrome and work capacity
      evaluation].

PMID- 160500
TI  - [Lumbar syndrome -- clinical manifestations and work capacity evaluation].

PMID- 160501
TI  - [The role of the lumbar syndrome in the structure of the invalid worker in
      Vojvodina and in work capacity evaluation].

PMID- 160502
TI  - [Psychology of the lumbar syndrome].

PMID- 160503
TI  - [Lumbar syndrome and work capacity evaluation].

PMID- 160504
TI  - [Principles and general rules in work capacity evaluation of the lumbar
      syndrome].

PMID- 160505
TI  - The implantable infusion pump: a new concept in drug delivery.
AB  - Several of our most useful drugs cannot be administered orally. This paper is a
      summary of our work with a new drug delivery system: a totally implantable,
      continuous infusion pump, with a self-contained inexhaustible power source.
      Currently, after bench tests and animal experimentation, we have initiated
      clinical series utilizing this device to treat individuals with refractory
      thromboembolic conditions by intravenous heparin, and patients with localized
      solid tumors by intra-arterial chemotherapy. The use of this device for the
      infusion of insulin in the management of diabetes mellitus is yet in the
      laboratory stage of development. In addition to improving dy-today diabetic
      control and obviating the need for daily insulin injections, this pump offers an
      ideal opportunity to test whether optimal blood glucose control can significantly
      prevent or delay the onset of the crippling vascular complications of diabetes.
      The potential uses of this device, in many fields, are myriad.

PMID- 160506
TI  - Medicine Grand Rounds. Laparoscopy in internal medicine.

PMID- 160507
TI  - [Tumor anemia].

PMID- 160508
TI  - Partial characterization of a phosphoryl group transferring enzyme in the
      membrane of catecholamine storage vesicles.
AB  - Phosphoryl group transfer from ATP to ADP occurred in the isolated membrane of
      catecholamine storage vesicles. The reaction was accelerated by extraction of the
      membranes with 50% (v/v) acetone and by treatment with 1% (v/v) Triton X-100. The
      phosphoryl group transfer reaction was activated by Mg2+ and by Mn2+. The
      activation profile differed from that obtained for the ATPase activity. The
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the phosphoryl transfer reaction were not entirely
      linear. From the linear parts of the double reciprocal plots KmATP approximately
      equal to 1 mM and KmADP approximately equal to 0.4 mM was obtained. All lines of
      the double reciprocal plots intersected indicating a sequential reaction
      mechanism. The reaction exhibited a narrow specificity for nucleoside diphospate
      and a broader one for nucleoside triphosphate indicating that ADP was the true
      substrate. The transfer reaction was slightly inhibited by AMP, orthophosphate
      and P1, P5-di(adenosine-5')pentaphosphate. The thiol reagents, N-ethylmaleimide
      and para-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), affected the ATPase activity and the
      phosphoryl transfer activity differently: with the blockade of 2.4 essential
      thiol equivalents by N-ethylmaleimide the ATPase was inhibited 50% and net uptake
      of catecholamine ceased, while the phosphoryl transfer remained unimpaired. PCMB
      affected both, the ATPase activity and phosphoryl transfer reaction. Treatment of
      the membranes with dithioerythritol prevented the PCMB-induced inhibition of the
      phosphoryl transfer, but was ineffective in protecting the ATPase activity,
      indicating that different thiol groups must be involved in the both enzymatic
      activities.

PMID- 160509
TI  - Evidence for a receptor supersensitivity following impairment of central
      serotoninergic activity in the rabbit.
AB  - In order to investigate whether a chronic impairment of neuronal serotoninergic
      transmission in the CNS could result in a receptor supersensitivity, rabbits were
      pretreated either with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) or p-chlorophenylalanine
      (PCPA) and then tested for their hyperthermic response to serotoninergic
      agonists. A previous (10 days before) intracerebroventricular injection of 5,6
      DHT (75 microgram into each cerebral ventricle) significantly potentiated the
      increase in body temperature induced either by quipazine (1 mg/kg i.v.) or by 5
      hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP 2 mg/kg i.v.) in combination with a MAO inhibitor
      (phenylethylhydrazine 10 mg/kg i.v. 16 h before). Pretreatment with PCPA (100
      mg/kg s.c. four times on alternate days, the last dose 48 h before the
      experiment) also enhanced the hyperthermic effect of quipazine, whereas it
      inhibited the hyperthermic response to 5-HTP plus MAO inhibitor. These results
      suggest the existence of a receptor supersensitivity following prolonged blockade
      of serotoninergic neuronal transmission in the CNS.

PMID- 160510
TI  - Inhibition of cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor-associated antigens by
      suppressor lymph node cells from mice bearing methylcholanthrene-induced
      sarcomas.
AB  - Suppression of cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor-associated
      membrane antigens of methylcholanthrene (MC)-induced sarcomas by lymph node cells
      (LNC) from tumor-bearing mice was examined by inhibition of the 3H-thymidine
      incorporation assay. Normal LNC from B10 mice had been sensitized in vitro by 6
      day cultivation on layers of irradiated syngeneic sarcoma cells and the effect of
      the generated cytotoxic lymphocytes was then inhibited by the admixture of
      suppressor cells present in lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. Suppressor cells
      were detected in lymph nodes from 7 of 16 (44 per cent) individually examined
      tumor bearers when LNC were added to cytotoxic lymphocytes which had been
      presensitized in vitro. When the experimental schedule was reverted and the tumor
      bearers' LNC were admixed to the normal LNC prior to the in vitro sensitization
      so that they were present in the population of the effector cells throughout the
      period of sensitization, the suppressor effect was detected in only 1 of 9 (11
      per cent) tumor-bearers. The suppressive effect of tumor bearers' LNC was found
      to be nonspecific, being elicited not only by LNC derived from bearers of the
      sensitizing tumor, but also by LNC from bearers of an unrelated, immunologically
      noncross-reacting MC-induced sarcoma.

PMID- 160511
TI  - Extrusion of peritoneal catheter through abdominal incision: report of a rare
      complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
AB  - A rare complication of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is reported. The peritoneal
      catheter extruded through the well-healed abdominal incision. This is the first
      report of such an occurrence in an adult patient.

PMID- 160512
TI  - Persistent back and leg pain.

PMID- 160514
TI  - Aortic graft enteric fistula; plea for early diagnosis and surgical intervention.

PMID- 160513
TI  - Evaluation of electrode array material for neural prostheses.
AB  - Matrix support materials for brain surface electrodes used in neuroprosthetic
      applications were evaluated after chronic subdural implantation over the parietal
      cortex of the cat. Four types of array fabricated with Silastic, Dacron mesh, or
      platinum wire annuli were implanted for periods ranging from 5 weeks to 1 year.
      We evaluated the arrays by access resistance measurements and gross and
      histological observations of the tissue beneath both nonstimulated and stimulated
      electrodes. A porous type matrix constructed of Dacron mesh proved to be the
      superior design because of its minimal compression of the cortical surface,
      facility of handling during implantation and autopsy, and satisfactory electrical
      characteristics provided by a good electrode-brain interface. (Neurosurgery, 5:
      681--686, 1979).

PMID- 160515
TI  - Urticaria and hypocomplementemia with subepidermal bullae; possible immune
      complex disease.

PMID- 160516
TI  - Oesophageal ulceration due to slow-release potassium in the presence of left
      atrial enlargement.
AB  - Ulceration of the oesophagus was suspected clinically and confirmed
      radiologically in a patient with an enlarged left atrium while on treatment with
      slow release potassium chloride. Its discontinuation resulted in resolution of
      symptoms. This potentially serious complication of treatment should be considered
      in patients with enlargement of the left atrium who develop dysphagia. It is
      avoided by using soluble forms of potassium chloride replacement.

PMID- 160517
TI  - A comparative population-distribution study of dental specialists in Ohio, 1978.

PMID- 160518
TI  - Ocular findings in cytogenetic syndromes.
AB  - Several cytogenetic syndromes are reviewed, and the salient ocular and facial
      abnormalities that might lead to a diagnosis are pointed out. Examples are given
      of mongoloid slant to the palpebral fissures, not only in Down's syndrome, but
      also in monosomy 9p, where, in addition, the triangular skull is almost
      diagnostic. Antimongoloid slant is found in trisomy 9p, where the eyes also have
      enophthalmos of monosomy 9p. Hypertelorism is another common finding in these
      syndromes; in monosomy 5p it is almost always present, although it occurs in
      other conditions as well, including trisomy 12p. The ring 22 syndrome has a
      distinguishing finding called "doe's eyes" because of the shape of the palpebral
      fissures. Trisomy 13 has numerous ocular findings as well as skull and facial
      involvements.

PMID- 160519
TI  - [Standards of the demand for orthopedic care for children in a large city].

PMID- 160520
TI  - [Which orthosis should be used in chronic lowback-pain? (author's transl)].

PMID- 160521
TI  - Psychological disturbance and pain report differences in both organic and non
      organic low back pain patients.
AB  - Patients with undiagnosable low back pain have been observed to differ from
      patients with proven low back pain in their clinical description of pain and in
      their psychological status. More variable and diffuse pain qualities are
      emphasized in their clinical reports and more psychological disturbance
      characterizes them as a group, suggesting an association between pain expression
      and psychological disturbance. One hundred and two patients with low back pain
      were administered a standardized pain questionnaire to determine more
      systematically the association between pain expression and psychological
      disturbance in patients with and without demonstrable organic disease. Patients
      with psychological disturbance differed significantly from patients without
      psychological disturbance in the following ways. They used more words in their
      description of pain, distributed these words over more pain factors, and endorsed
      significantly more pain of the affective and skin pressure variety. The results
      underscore previous clinical impressions and suggest that patients without either
      organic or psychological findings may be cases of undiagnosed organic disease.

PMID- 160523
TI  - [Difficulties in detection of the causes of backache in children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 160522
TI  - Skeletal muscle analysis of wheelchair athletes.
AB  - The present study reports the results of using the biopsy technique with members
      of the Canadian Wheelchair Internation Team. The results demonstrate that these
      athletes possess muscles with large fibre areas than seen in Olympic athletes.

PMID- 160524
TI  - [Use of results of scientific research in women's and children's therapeutico
      prophylactic institution in the Kirghizian SSR].

PMID- 160525
TI  - [Child health services in Tadzhikistan].

PMID- 160526
TI  - [Prevalence of allergic diseases in children and forms of organization of
      specialized services].

PMID- 160527
TI  - [M.S. Maslov's Pediatric Clinical Sanatorium in Leningrad].

PMID- 160528
TI  - [Status and perspectives of child health care in Kazakhstan].

PMID- 160529
TI  - [Acne in infants].

PMID- 160530
TI  - [Child health services in Azerbaijan].

PMID- 160531
TI  - [Organization of dental care for the handicapped in France].

PMID- 160532
TI  - [Oxygen-nitrous sedative: utilization in dental care of children].

PMID- 160533
TI  - Proteins of the gingival exudate: a review and discussion of the literature.

PMID- 160534
TI  - Differential diagnosis of the endodontic-periodontic lesion.

PMID- 160535
TI  - Cellular and immune mechanisms in juvenile periodontitis.

PMID- 160536
TI  - Etiology of parafunction: a brief review of psychological and occlusal genesis.

PMID- 160537
TI  - Instantaneous measurement of glomerular filtration rate in the isolated perfused
      rat kidney.
AB  - In perfusion studies on the isolated cellfree perfused rat kidney, the glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) can be controlled if the GFR can be measured
      instantaneously. This paper reports on a GFR meter which opens this possibility.
      Vitamin B12 is used as a marker for the GFR. A bubble flow meter determines urine
      flow rates ranging from 10 up to 200 microliter-min-1. A fiberoptic colorimeter
      measures vitamin B12 concentrations in the urine up to 400 mg-l-1. The flow meter
      and the colorimeter are described in detail. The reliability of vitamin B12 as a
      marker for the GFR is demonstrated and, moreover, the identity of GFR values
      obtained with the GFR meter and those from B12 spectrophotometry is demonstrated.

PMID- 160538
TI  - [Dictyocaulus viviparus in Denmark. A survey of 15 years' diagnostic examination
      of faeces samples (author's transl)].
AB  - On the basis of routine diagnostic examinations of 12424 bovine faeces samples
      for larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus, performed during the period 1963 through
      1977, some calculations and reflections have been made on the incidence and
      epidemiology of lungworm infection in cattle in Denmark. It seems justified to
      conclude that dictyocaulosis is an important disease in heifers and cows as well
      as in calves. A distinct seasonal variation in the incidence of lungworm
      infection is apparent, in that more than 85% of the faeces samples were submitted
      within the period July through October. Lungworm larvae could be demonstrated in
      faeces samples from cattle during the winter and spring- This is considered to be
      of great importance with a view to re-establishment of the infection in the
      following grazing season. Overwintering of larvae on pastures seems possible.
      too, since patent infections among calves were demonstrated already in May and
      June. A comparison of meteorological data with totals of samples submitted and
      with relative numbers of positive samples seems to confirm, that both the level
      and the spread of lungworm infections are influenced by the amount of rainfall
      during the period June through August.

PMID- 160539
TI  - [Training in activities of daily living and oral hygiene].

PMID- 160540
TI  - [Delivery of dental care to handicapped children and adults is not satisfactory
      today. An interview with Kari Storhaug].

PMID- 160541
TI  - [Biochemical problems in cardiac hypertrophy and chronic insufficiency].

PMID- 160542
TI  - [The repair of inguinal hernia by insertion of prosthetic material with
      tunnelisation of the spermatic cord (author's transl)].
AB  - A mersilene plate, cut according to the technique of Zagdoun, usually fixed to
      the conjoint tendon (in front of the latter) and to the inguinal ligament, is
      turned in front of the spermatic cord in the form of a cuff attached to itself
      and the aponeurosis of the obliquus externus. Thus strengthens the deficient deep
      and superfical anatomical layers in cases of large or recurrent inguinal hernia.

PMID- 160543
TI  - [Controlled therapeutic "evisceration" in so-called "terminal" peritonitis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Absence of closure of the abdominal wound following reoperation for severe
      peritonitis is an additional therapeutic technique in dealing with peritoneal
      infection. However, this technique poses the problem of covering the loops of the
      small intestine in order to avoid fistulisation in the exposed viscera. The loops
      are initially protected by a "wound protector" or covered with a plate of
      polyurethane foam. Secondarily, when the peritoneal cavity is clean, the open
      wound is converted to an incisional hernia by a thin dermo-epidermal graft in
      strips, applied to the granulation tissue. This technique is effective and would
      seem to be simpler than detachments, plasties and relieving incisions.

PMID- 160544
TI  - Cleavage of single-stranded DNA by the A and A* proteins of bacteriophage phi
      X174.
AB  - The purified A protein and A* protein of bacteriophage phi X174 have been tested
      for endonuclease activity on single stranded viral phi X174 DNA. The A protein
      (55.000 daltons) nicks single-stranded DNA in the same way and at the same place
      as it does superhelical RFI DNA, at the origin of DNA replication. The A* protein
      (37.000 daltons) can cleave the single-stranded viral DNA at many different
      sites. It has however a strong preference for the origin of replication. Both
      proteins generate 3'OH ends and blocked 5' termini at the nick site.

PMID- 160545
TI  - Studies on the binding of lambda Int protein to attachment site DNA:
      identification of a tight-binding site in the P' region.
AB  - We have used three approaches to studying the interaction of lambda Int protein
      with bacteriophage attachment site DNA, POP': location of binding sites by
      retention of DNA fragments in a filter binding assay, reconstruction of a binding
      site by DNA synthesis and protection of a binding site from an exonuclease.
      Retention of restriction fragments on nitrocellulose filters in the presence of
      Int protein was used to locate binding sites. A high affinity binding site lies
      in P' between base pairs -6 and +173 from the center of the common core sequence,
      and low affinity sites are found in the 200 base pair region left of position -6.
      Reconstruction of the high affinity binding site region from the right using
      primed DNA synthesis and testing for filter binding in the presence of Int
      protein shows that sequences sufficient for tight binding of Int protein lie to
      the right of position +66. When attachment site DNA is protected by bound Int
      protein against digestion by exonuclease III, four Int dependent protection bands
      are seen in positions +58, +68, +79 and +88. This can be interpreted either as
      showing that four Int protein monomers bind to the high affinity region in
      series, or as evidence for wrapping of the DNA around Int protein, leading to
      structural changes resembling those occurring to DNA in nucleosomes.

PMID- 160546
TI  - Size fractionation of DNA fragments by liquid-liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method for the fractionation of double-stranded DNA fragments from 150 to 22000
      b.p. in size by liquid-liquid chromatography is described. The procedure makes
      use of the fact that the partitioning of DNA in a polyethylene glycol-dextran
      system is size dependent and can be altered by alkali metal cations. Cellulose or
      celite are used as supports for the stationary, dextran-rich phase. Examples show
      the fractionation of digests of T7 DNA produced by Dpn II and Hind II restriction
      endonulceases as well as lambda DNA digests produced by Hind III and Eco RI
      restriction endonucleases.

PMID- 160547
TI  - [Kininogenesis in plasma free from fibrinolysis inhibitors].

PMID- 160549
TI  - [Immunofluorescence of the skin in nephropathies].

PMID- 160548
TI  - Possible role of the serotonergic system in the behavioral effect of massed
      electroconvulsive shock in rat.
AB  - Massed electroconvulsive shock (ECS) inhibited escape in a one-way avoidance
      system and tolerance to this effect developed in rats shocked for 4 consecutive
      days (1, 4, 5 and 10 ECS respectively). Chronic treatment with p-bromo-N
      methylamphetamine (V-III) as well as pretreatment with pCPA antagonized the
      behavioral disturbing effect of massed ECS strongly supporting the idea that 5-HT
      plays an important role in observed behavioral effects.

PMID- 160551
TI  - [Anatolii Grigor'evich Fedotenkov (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 160550
TI  - [Semen Vavilovich Ryzhkov (on his 60th birthday)].

PMID- 160552
TI  - [Climatotherapy of tuberculosis in children].

PMID- 160553
TI  - [Treatment of stomach diseases in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at a mountain
      sanatorium].

PMID- 160554
TI  - Molecular cloning of human epsilon-globin gene.
AB  - Human beta-like globin genes were investigated by use of rabbit beta-globin cDNA
      plasmid as a cross-species hybridization probe. Normal and beta 0/delta beta 0
      thalassemic DNA were compared by filter hybridization procedures. It proved
      possible to demonstrate that the rabbit probe detected G gamma, A gamma, delta,
      beta, beta 0, and delta beta 0 human globin genes as well as an additional
      unidentified beta-like globin gene. By use of an agarose gel elution procedure,
      fractions of HindIII-digested DNA enriched for beta-like globin genes were
      purified. One of these fractions, 8.0 kilobases in size, was clonedinto lambda
      788, and EK2 lambda HindIII vector. A positive clone was obtained and
      characterized by restriction mapping and sequence analysis. The sequence data
      obtained predicted an amino acid sequence that exactly matches a part of human
      epsilon-globin. The human non-alpha-globin locus is now nearly complete. delta,
      beta, and gamma human globin genes have already been cloned and analyzed. We
      describe here the cloning of the remaining non-alpha-globin gene, epsilon.

PMID- 160555
TI  - Dynein binds to and crossbridges cytoplasmic microtubules.
AB  - Dynein isolated from Chlamydomonas flagellar axonemes binds to microtubules
      assembled in vitro from 6S brain tubulin dimers. The dynein arms bind
      periodically along the length of the microtubules with a center-to-center spacing
      of 24 nm, equal to the periodicity of dynein arms on intact axonemes. The arms
      project from the in vitro assembled microtubules at an angle of approximately 55
      degrees, thereby defining microtubule polarity. Dynein cosediments with
      microtubules through a sucrose gradient, as demonstrated by electron microscopy,
      gel electrophoresis, and ATPase analysis. In addition, dynein induces
      crossbridging between adjacent microtubules. Darkfield microscopy reveals that
      microtubules containing dynein are aggregated into large bundles; electron
      microscopy indicates that microtubules of the same polarity are crossbridged by a
      regular array of arms. Viewed by darkfield microscopy, addition of ATP to
      crossbridged microtubules causes their disaggregation; electron microscopy shows
      that the majority of these microtubules are no longer crossbridged. These
      observations are applicable to the determination of microtubule polarity and
      directionality of microtubule assembly in situ and suggest a role for dynein in
      cytoplasmic microtubule-based cellular movements.

PMID- 160556
TI  - Increased expression of a eukaryotic gene in Escherichia coli through
      stabilization of its messenger RNA.
AB  - The expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene [catabolic dehydroquinase (3
      dehydroquinate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.10) (qa-2+) from Neurospora crassa] is
      dramatically increased (as much as 100-fold) in Escherichia coli strains
      deficient in polynucleotide phosphorylase (pnp) (polynucleotide: orthophosphate
      nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.8) and RNase I (rna). The increased expression
      is controlled primarily by the absence of polynucleotide phosphorylase and
      appears to be specific for the eukaryotic gene. No increase in the specific
      activity of either chromosomal or plasmid-borne prokaryotic genes has been
      observed. In polynucleotide phosphorylase-deficient strains of E. coli the half
      life of plasmid (pVK88, ampr qa-2+)-encoded mRNAs increases from 1.0 to 2.8 min.
      This increase must be due primarily to stabilization of the aq-2 mRNA because no
      increase in the half-lives of pBR322 vehicle mRNAs was observed in polynucleotide
      phosphorylase-deficient strains. These results suggest that there are inherent
      structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs.

PMID- 160557
TI  - Gene expression of an Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA promoter fused to structural
      genes of the galactose operon.
AB  - The promoter region of the rrnB ribosomal RNA gene of Escherichia coli has been
      ligated within the epimerase gene (galE) of the galactose operon in a lambda
      phage vector. The recombinant lambda phage has been characterized by restriction
      mapping and assays of both galK (galactokinase) gene activity and galactose
      messenger RNA hybridization. In such lyosgens, expression of the fused galactose
      operon occurs as a function of growth rate in a manner characteristic of
      ribosomal RNA gene expression and is subject to stringent control by amino acid
      availability for protein synthesis. Galactose messenger RNA arising from the
      ribosomal promoter is not as metabolically stable as ribosomal RNA.

PMID- 160558
TI  - Role of thymidylate synthetase activity in development of methotrexate
      cytotoxicity.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) inhibition of the growth of mouse or human leukemia cells in
      culture was partially prevented by either thymidine (dThd) or hypoxanthine. 5
      Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) also decreased the growth-inhibitory potency of
      MTX in the presence of small concentrations of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate
      (citrovorum factor) and sufficient exogenous dThd to support the synthesis of
      thymidylate nucleotides by salvage mechanisms. In addition, citrovorum factor
      induced reversal of MTX was several orders of magnitude more efficient in the
      presence of both FdUrd and dThd than in the presence of dThd alone or in the
      absence of both nucleosides. Likewise, the presence of FdUrd (3 microM) and dThd
      (5.6 microM) completely prevented the lethality of 0.3 mM MTX to L1210 cells in
      culture medium supplemented with micromolar concentrations of citrovorum factor.
      We propose that this protection against the cytotoxic effects of MTX by dThd,
      hypoxanthine, and FdUrd have a common biochemical mechanism--namely, inhibition
      of the de novo synthesis of thymidylate by either a direct [FdUrd; inhibition of
      thymidylate synthetase (thymidylate synthase; 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP
      C-methyl-transferase, EC 2.1.1.45)] or indirect (dThd and hypoxanthine; feedback
      inhibition by anabolites on ribonucleotide reductase and deoxycytidylate
      deaminase) effect. The resultant decreased rate of loss of reduced folates due to
      de novo thymidylate synthesis would allow a higher degree of inhibition of
      dihydrofolate reductase to be endured without damage to the cell.

PMID- 160559
TI  - Migration of Schwann cells and wrapping of neurites in vitro: a function of
      protease activity (plasmin) in the growth medium.
AB  - In vitro conditions were defined under which Schwann cells, from a population of
      dissociated embryonic chicken spinal cord cells, migrate along the growing
      neuronal fibers and wrap bundles as well as individual axons, in a pattern
      similar to that found in a developing peripheral nervous system in vivo. The
      migration of Schwann cells and their wrapping of nerve fibers was found to be a
      function of plasmin activity in the growth medium. It was determined that at
      least one cell type among the spinal cord cells is producing plasminogen
      activator, the enzyme that activates the plasminogen that is a constituent of any
      serum. It is concluded that, to achieve wrapping of neurons by Schwann cells in
      culture, it is essential to have an active plasmin-generating system in the
      medium. It is hypothesized that the Schwann cell produces plasminogen activator.
      The possible role of both the Schwann cell and the plasminogen possible role of
      both the Schwann cell and the plasminogen activator in the formation of the
      neuromuscular junction is discussed.

PMID- 160560
TI  - DNA from recombinogenic lambda bacteriophages generated by arl mutant of
      Escherichia coli is cleaved by single-strand-specific endonuclease S1.
AB  - When propagated on arl strains (a subclass of Escherichia coli hyper-rec
      mutants), lambda "Red-" duplication phages accumulated an enhanced potential for
      recombination. The physical properties of the recombinogenic phages thus obtained
      ("Arl-" phages) were similar to those of phages grown on arl+ bacteria. However,
      Arl- phage DNA was cleaved by endonuclease S1 under conditions such that the
      nuclease is specific for single-stranded DNA;DNA from control phages was S1
      resistant. The number of S1 sites (defined by the apparent decrease in single
      strand molecular weight) reached a maximum (seven to nine sites per strand of
      lambda DNA) after five or six rounds of growth on arl bacteria. Similarly, the
      recombinogenicity of Arl- phages reached a limiting value (recombination
      frequency, 15%) that was 5 times that of Arl+ phages. Recombinogenicity and S1
      susceptibility were accumulated concomitantly during growth on arl+ bacteria. If
      all increased recombination occurred at the S1 sites, then these regions (about
      40 bases each) were about 300 times as recombinogenic as normal DNA regions of
      the same size, and 1.5 times as recombinogenic as UV-induced lesions. Chromosomal
      DNA and plasmid DNA (pBR322) from arl cells were more susceptible to nuclease S1
      than was DNA from arl+ bacteria. Analysis of the cleavage products suggests that
      the S1 sites on Arl- lambda phage DNA are located randomly.

PMID- 160561
TI  - DNA-directed in vitro synthesis of proteins involved in bacterial transcription
      and translation.
AB  - The in vitro synthesis of elongation factor (EF)-Tu (tufB), the beta beta'
      subunits of RNA polymerase, ribosomal proteins L10 and L12 directed by DNA from
      the transducing phage lambda rifd 18, EF-Tu (tufA), EF-G, and the alpha subunit
      of RNA polymerase directed by DNA from the transducing phage lambda fus3 has been
      investigated in a crude and a partially defined protein-synthesizing system.
      Proteins L10 and L12 are synthesized in the partially defined system almost as
      well as in the crude system. However, the synthesis of EF-Tu, EF-G, and the alpha
      and beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase is far less efficient in the partially
      defined system. An active fraction that stimulates the synthesis of these latter
      proteins has been obtained by fractionation of a high-speed supernatant on DEAE
      cellulose. Because previous studies showed that this fraction (1 M DEAE salt
      eluate) contains a protein, called L factor, that stimulates beta-galactosidase
      synthesis in vitro, L factor was tested for activity. Although L factor
      stimulates the synthesis of the beta beta' subunits, it has little or no effect
      on the in vitro synthesis of the other products studied. In the present
      experiments, the ratio of L12/L10 and of EF-Tu (tufA)/EF-G formed is 4-6. These
      values are consistent with in vivo results.

PMID- 160562
TI  - Identification of the lexA gene product of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - The Escherichia coli lexA gene encodes a product important in induction of the
      recA gene and the expression of various cellular functions, including mutagenesis
      and prophage induction. As a start in a biochemical analysis of the lexA
      function, a family of lambda transducing phages carrying lexA+, lexA3, lexA3 spr
      54, and lexA3 spr-55 alleles of the lexA gene was isolated and characterized.
      Polypeptides synthesized by these phages were examined. lambdalexA+ made a
      distinctive protein 24 kilodaltons (kd) in size. Lambda lexA3, which encodes an
      active mutant form of the protein dominant to wild-type function, made a slightly
      larger protein 25 kd in size. The latter protein was shown to be the mutant lexA3
      gene product by the fact that lambda lexA3 spr-55, which carries an amber
      mutation in lexA3, made the 25-kd protein in hosts with an amber suppressor but
      not in a suppressor-free host. In hosts carrying a multicopy lexA3 plasmid,
      neither the 25-kd nor the 24-kd protein was made. This result suggests that lexA
      is autoregulated and that expression of the 24-kd protein made by lambda lexA+ is
      subject to the same controls. This and other evidence argues that the 24-kd
      protein is the product of the wild-type lexA+ gene.

PMID- 160563
TI  - The delta subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the dnaX
      gene product.
AB  - The delta subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme has been purified extensively
      with an assay for phi X174 DNA synthesis using core (pol III) and beta and gamma
      subunits. Either the purified delta subunit or the purified DNA polymerase III
      holoenzyme can complement a defective enzyme fraction from the conditional
      replication mutant SG133 described by Sevastopoulos et al. [Sevastopoulas, C.G.,
      Wehr, C.T. & Glaser, D. A. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 3485-3489]. It
      has been established by Henson et al. [Henson, J.M., Chu, H., Irwin, C.A. &
      Walker, J.R. (1979) Genetics 92, 1,41-1059] that SG133 has two temperature
      sensitive mutations, called dnaX and dnaY. The crude enzyme source from dnaX can
      be complemented by the delta subunit and by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. By
      contrast, the core DNA polymerase III and the beta and gamma subunits are unable
      to complement this defective enzyme fraction. Thus, the delta subunit of DNA
      polymerase III holoenzyme appears to be the dnaX gene product of Escherichia
      coli.

PMID- 160564
TI  - Fluctuations in polarized fluorescence: evidence that muscle cross bridges rotate
      repetitively during contraction.
AB  - Particular thiols of the myosin subfragment 1 moieties of single glycerinated
      muscle fibers are covalently labeled with rhodamine. By using appropriate
      solutions such fibers can be relaxed, be in rigor, or develop active isometric
      tension. The rhodamine is excited by polarized 514.5-nm laser light; the greater
      than 580-nm fluorescence is resolved into orthogonal components and the intensity
      of each is measured by a computer-interfaced photon counting system. Fluctuations
      over-and-above noise appear in steady-state activity but not in relaxation or
      rigor and not when the fluorophore is actin-attached instead of myosin-attached.
      Fluctuations also appear in ratios of polarized intensities--quantities sensitive
      to fluorophore attitude but not to fluorophore number. The fluctuations are
      dominated by low (approximately 2 Hz) frequencies similar to separately measured
      ATPase frequencies. The fluctuations are ascribed to repetitive motion of the
      cross bridges to which the rhodamine is attached.

PMID- 160565
TI  - Presence of calmodulin in Tetrahymena.
AB  - Ca-dependent affinity chromatography on phenothiazine-Sepharose 4B has been used
      to isolate a pure protein from the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. This protein
      has been identified as calmodulin by demonstrating three of the Ca-dependent
      activities attributed to calmodulins. Tetrahymena calmodulin also has
      physicochemical properties similar to those of the previously characterized
      mammalian, coelenterate, and plant proteins, except for a lower molecular weight
      (15,000) and slightly different CNBr fragments compared to bovine brain
      calmodulin. Calmodulin is a constituent of demembranated Tetrahymena cilia from
      which it can be extracted with the crude dynein fraction. Sucrose density
      gradient fractionation indicated its presence in fractions containing the 14S
      dynein ATPase. It is concluded that the essential properties of calmodulin have
      been highly conserved during much of eukaryotic evolution, and it is suggested
      that calmodulin plays a role in the control of ciliary motility in Tetrahymena.

PMID- 160567
TI  - Operon-specific regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis in Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have cloned a DNA fragment harboring the genes for ribosomal proteins L2, L4,
      and L23 on a plasmid vector that contains a lac operator and promoter. The cloned
      ribosomal protein genes are now under the control of lacOP. Addition of a lac
      inducer to these cells results in a specific 5- to 10-fold increase in the
      synthesis of the proteins corresponding to the cloned genes. Within 10 min of
      this induction, the synthesis of ribosomal proteins S3, S19, L3, L16, L22, and
      L29 stops almost completely. The genes for all these proteins reside in the same
      chromosomal operon as L2, L4, and L23. We have seen no dramatic effect on the
      synthesis of any other ribosomal proteins. Thus, the induction of L2, L4, and L23
      results in a specific and rapid decrease in the expression of all (or almost all)
      genes in their own transcription unit.

PMID- 160566
TI  - Gene for the RNA polymerase sigma subunit mapped in Salmonella typhimurium and
      Escherichia coli by cloning and deletion.
AB  - The genes for the RNA polymerase sigma subunit (rpoD) and DNA primase (dnaG) of
      Salmonella typhimurium have been cloned into lambda vectors. Combined
      restriction, deletion and functional analysis of the cloned fragment allows us to
      map the genes precisely on the fragment, establishes the direction in which rpoD
      is transcribed, and reveals the existence of at least one new gene in the
      vicinity. A closely homologous, smaller fragment of Escherichia coli DNA, also
      cloned into lambda, contains rpoD and at least part of dnaG.

PMID- 160568
TI  - Impairment of antigen-presenting cell function by ultraviolet radiation.
AB  - UV light irradiation of BALB/c mice was found to result in impairment of antigen
      presenting cell function. Adherent trinitrophenyl-derivatized cells from the
      peritoneal exudate cell population or the spleen of UV-treated donors could not
      induce hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity responses in UV-irradiated
      syngeneic mice, whereas adherent trinitrophenyl-derivatized cells from normal
      mice were able to do so. The failure to induce immunity in UV-treated mice by
      utilizing UV-treated adherent antigen-presenting cells was associated with the
      development of antigen-specific suppressor T cells. The implication of these
      results for UV-induced carcinogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 160569
TI  - Influence of PCPA, shock level, and home-cage conditions on shock-induced
      aggression.
AB  - In a series of experiments, the effect of parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on shock
      induced fighting was assessed rats raised and maintained under either a 12-hr
      alternating light-dark cycle (LD) or constant light conditions (LL). PCPA
      increased shock-induced aggression only in LL groups when testing was
      accomplished using a 2 mA shock; PCPA resulted in increased aggression in groups
      from the LD condition only when testing was done at 1 mA. A procedure that used
      castrated and intact cagemates to manipulate home-cage social experience provided
      evidence for a role for social experience in determining differences between LL
      and LD reared rats in shock-induced aggression. However, these data also
      suggested that home-cage social experience was not a factor in the lighting
      condition influence on the effect of PCPA on shock-induced aggression. Finally, a
      separate experiment demonstrated that diurnal rhythms in shock-induced aggression
      were disrupted by handling and vehicle injection in the control procedures, so
      the possible role of serotonin in diurnal rhythms of aggression behavior could
      not be assessed.

PMID- 160571
TI  - A study of intestinal dipeptidases of rats: effect of in vivo mucosal exposure to
      vinblastine.
AB  - The mucosal population of small intestine of rats was exposed in vivo to various
      concentrations of vinblastine sulfate for 30 and 60 min and the activities of
      glycyl-L-valine and glycyl-L-leucine hydrolase were measured in the treated
      mucosa of the upper jejunal segment. A significant depression in the activity of
      these dipeptidases was observed which was further found to be dose dependent.

PMID- 160570
TI  - Effect of isatin (2,3-dioxoindoline) on audiogenic seizures in rats and its
      relationship to electrographic and behavioural phenomena.
AB  - In doses of 160 and 80 mg/kg, isatin (2,3-dioxoindoline) significantly reduced
      the total incidence of audiogenic epileptic seizures in rats highly sensitive to
      an acoustic epileptogenic stimulus. The number of severest forms of seizure
      (running, clonic convulsions) was higher than in the control tests, however. The
      acoustic epileptogenic stimuls was applied one hour after the i.p. injection of
      isatin. At that time some postural reflexes were still inhibited after 160 mg
      isatin/kg, while after smaller doses they were already normal again. One hour
      after administering isatin there were marked changes in the electroencephalogram,
      the chief ones being an increase in rhythmic episodic activity against a
      desynchronization background and a decrease in slow wave sleep activity.

PMID- 160573
TI  - Effect of flavonoids on vitamin C activity of D-isoascorbic acid.
AB  - Large peroral doses of D-isoascorbic acid, a vitamin C stereoisomer (50 mg per
      animal per day), were retained in the guinea-pig organism to a smaller extent
      than the same doses of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Simultaneous administration
      of the flavonoids rutin and epicatechin increased the amount of D-isoascorbic
      acid retained in the liver, brain and wall of the small intestine by up to 100%,
      but four weeks after its extraction from the food the amount of L-ascorbic acid
      left in the guinea-pig organism still exceeded D-isoascorbic acid reserves. This
      difference, which was found in all the organs studied, was the largest in the
      groups simultaneously given flavonoids. In guinea-pigs which, like man, are
      dependent on an exogenous vitamin C supply, D-isoascorbic acid was metabolized at
      a manifestly higher rate than L-ascorbic acid, irrespective of whether flavonoids
      were administered or not. In liver, brain and small intestine wall homogenates,
      the oxidized forms of both stereoisomers were reduced in the presence of reduced
      glutathione, but the reduction rate of D-isodehydroascorbic acid was higher and
      it was stimulated by the two flavonoids more strongly than the reduction of L
      dehydroascorbic acid. The stuterospecific.

PMID- 160572
TI  - Effect of propranolol on regional blood flow in intact rats and in animals with
      artificial hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 160574
TI  - Electrophysiological analysis of retrieval of conditioned taste aversion in rats.
      Unit activity changes in critical brain regions.
AB  - Gustatory discrimination testing shows that rats with an overtrained conditioned
      taste aversion (CTA) to isotonic LiCl stop salt intake after 1 to 2 licks at the
      LiCl spout and move to the adjacent water spout within 0.7 s. Activity of 526
      neurones from the nucleus of the solitary tract, gustatory thalamus, gustatory
      cortex, lateral and ventromedial thalamus, and amygdala was recorded in naive or
      CTA trained rats during the above gustatory discrimination. Post-stimulus
      histograms (PSH) triggered by water or salt licks or by spout switching were
      plotted for single units. Population responses of various regions were obtained
      by integration of the statistically significant excitatory and inhibitory
      intervals in the individual PSHs. Lick related changes of unit activity were
      orserved in 52% and 65% of neurones in control and CTA trained rats,
      respectively. The CTA training increased the incidence of units in which salt
      licking influenced the activity less than water licking. Presentation of the
      aversive fluid induced inhibition of unit activity in the gustatory cortex,
      ventromedial hypothalamus, and amygdala and excitation in the lateral
      hypothalamus. The changes started 100 to 150 ms after spout switching and
      culminated 100 ms later. Activity of the solitary tract nucleus and gustatory
      thalamus was affected less consistently. The results indicate that the gustatory
      cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus participate in CTA retrieval but a more
      specific identification of the electrical correlates of memory readout and of
      drinking control was not possible.

PMID- 160575
TI  - Electrophysiological analysis of retrieval of conditioned taste aversion.
      Physiological techniques and data processing.
AB  - New techniques suitable for electrophysiological investigation of retrieval of
      conditioned taste aversion (CTA) were developed. The gustatory discrimination
      apparatus consisted of two parallel drinking spouts (20 mm apart) equipped with
      photoelectric lick sensors. The spouts contained water or the aversive fluid
      (0.15 M LiCl), respectively, and their position could be rapidly (50 ms)
      interchanged with a reversive electromotor. Licking at either spout and the
      position of the fluids were recorded on one channel of a tape recorder. Unit
      activity was picked up with tungsten microelectrodes (40 micrometers) inserted
      into the brain of a freely moving rat with a head-mounted microdrive system
      (weight 2 g), fixed to an implanted guiding cannula. The electrode was connected
      through a head-carried FET signal follower to a wide band integrated circuit
      amplifier and the unit activity was recorded in the other channel of the tape
      recorder. The records were evaluated using an off-line computer program (LINC 8)
      consisting of a spike detection subroutine followed by amplitude histogram
      analysis. The mean (M) and SD values were computed for uni- or bimodal amplitude
      distributions of the principal spike components. Spike falling within the M+/-2
      SD range of the selected parameter were identified as single units and used for
      construction of post stimulus histograms triggered by licking or by spout
      switching.

PMID- 160576
TI  - Urease activity in the contents and tissues of the sheep, pig and chicken
      gastrointestinal apparatus.
AB  - Urease activity, expressed as mg N-NH3/g dry weight per 30 min at 25 degrees C,
      was determined in the various parts of the sheep, chicken and pig digestive
      apparatus. The results were as follows. Sheep: contents--rumen 1.25"/-0.09,
      reticulum 0.78+/-0.02, omasum 0.44+/-0.02, abomasum 0.002+/-0.001, duodenum
      0.003+/-0.001, jejunum 0.18+/-0.03, ileum 0.42+/-0.03, caecum 1.34+/-0.11, colon
      0.76+/-0.08, walls-rumen 0.88+/-0.16, reticulum 0.38+/-0.04, omasum 0.11+/-0.02,
      abomasum 0.01+/-0.002, ileum 0.092+/-0.01, caecum 0.14+/-0.03, colon 0.16+/-0.02.
      Chicken: contents--jejunum 0.028+/-0.009, ileum 0.043+/-0.013, caecum 0.17+/
      0.03, colon and cloaca 0.04+/-0.013. Pigs: contents--jejunum 0.02+/-0.01, ileum
      0.14+/-0.08, caecum 0.62+-0.12, colon 0.43+/-0.06. No urease activity was found
      in the walls of the digestive apparatus or the contents of the duodenum in
      chickens, or in the walls of the stomach and intestine and the contents of the
      duodenum in pigs. The results show that urease activity in the digestive
      apparatus of pigs and poultry is lower than in sheep. Inadequate urease activity
      in the digestive apparatus explains why chickens and pigs are significantly less
      capable than ruminants of utilizing urea nitrogen as a substitute for some of the
      protein in the diet.

PMID- 160577
TI  - Endogenous urea secretion into the sheep gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Urea turnover and the proportion of endogenous urea secreted and excreted in the
      saliva, the bile, the pancreatic juice and the urine and directly across the wall
      of the digestive tract was studied in 6 experiments, after a single i.v. dose of
      labelled 15N, in two adult sheep weighing 49 and 50 kg, with permanent biliary
      and pancreatic fistulus and with an exteriorized right parotid duct. It was found
      that, of the total amount of endogenous urea secreted into the animals' digestive
      tract (0.2694+/-0.0138 mg/min/kg b.w.), 10.27+/-0.94% reached the contents in the
      saliva, 2.12+/-0.28% in the bile and 0.66+/-0.08% in the pancreatic juice, and
      that 86.95+/-2.1% was secreted into the gastrointestinal tract, across its wall,
      from the blood capillaries. Exogenous turnover amounted to 0.3228+/-0.192
      mg/min/kg. Of the total amount of 476.6 mg i.v. injected 15N urea, 274.1+/-8.86
      mg was excreted in the urine 5.1+/-0.9 mg in the bile, 3.19+/-0.06 mg in the
      pancreatic juice, 4.96+/-0.76 mg via the right parotid gland and 9.34+/-1.09 mg
      in the faeces. The results show that the quantitatively most important part of
      the recirculation of endogenous urea is its passage from the blood across the
      wall of the gastrointestinal tract into its contents.

PMID- 160578
TI  - Postnatal development of postganglionic parasympathetic neurones in the heart of
      the albino rat.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the sinoatrial node region of isolated atria in medium
      containing physostigmine (0.1 micrograms/ml) produces a negative chronotropic
      effect whose intensity and duration depend mainly on the amount of acetylcholine
      released from postganglionic parasympathetic fibres endings. This technique was
      used to study functional maturation of the given neurones during postnatal
      development of albino rats. Preparations from animals of different ages were
      stimulated with 2-second bursts of rectangular pulses (frequency 50 Hz, pulse
      duration 0.02 ms, voltage 22.5--27.5 V) and frequency changes of the preparation
      were registered by recording extracellular action potentials. At 10 days the
      negative chronotropic effect is very weak and at 15 days it is only slightly
      stronger, but at 18 days it is almost the same as in adult animals. At 24 and 34
      days the reaction is somewhat stronger than in adulthood. It can be concluded
      from these observations that functional maturation of the postganglionic
      parasympathetic neurones innervating the sinoatrial node in albino rats occurs
      between the 10th and 20th day of postnatal life.

PMID- 160579
TI  - Postnatal changes in the amount of acetylcholine in the atrial tissue of the
      albino rat heart.
AB  - Changes in the acetylcholine (ACh) content and concentration in the atrial tissue
      of albino rats between the third day of postnatal life and adulthood were
      studied. The ACh content (ng in whole atria) rose during the whole of the period
      in question, from 5.6 ng at 3--4 days to 307.5 ng in adult rats. The ACh
      concentration (micrograms/g fresh tissue) rose up to the 53rd day after birth,
      when it attained adult values. The fastest increase in both the ACh content and
      concentration was observed between the 10th and the 17th postnatal day, when it
      amounted to over 46% of the total concentration increase between the third day of
      life and adulthood.

PMID- 160580
TI  - Effect of adrenaline on ATPase activities in different parts of the developing
      brain.

PMID- 160581
TI  - Contribution of the T-system to the membrane capacity determined from the foot of
      the action potential.

PMID- 160582
TI  - The Carshalton standing frame for physically handicapped children.

PMID- 160583
TI  - A preoperative screening test for chronic back pain patients.

PMID- 160584
TI  - Postoperative causes of death of neonatal intestinal obstruction excluding
      mucoviscidosis and Hirschsprung's disease.
AB  - In contrast to the remarkable improvement in the results of operations for
      oesophageal atresia at the University Children's Hospital, Zurich, the death rate
      secondary to operations for neonatal intestinal obstruction has remained
      constantly high between the years 1960 and 1976. The results are distressing
      especially when it is realised that many of them occurred in infants with good
      general conditions. The causes of death are analysed and classified according the
      following criteria: 1. Deaths associated with trisomy 21. 2. Deaths due to the
      short gut syndrome. 3. Deaths due to severe associated malformations or other
      conditions. 4. Deaths probably due to surgical mistakes. 5. Deaths due to
      mistakes in management. The latter group can be subdivided further in deaths due
      to wrong decision at the primary operation, overlooked medical complications,
      overlooked surgical complications and mistakes made at subsequent laparotomies.

PMID- 160585
TI  - Gastroschisis and omphalocele.
AB  - A series of 100 patients with gastroschisis and omphalocele is presented. It is
      emphasized that gastroschisis generally has a strikingly homogeneous clinical
      presentation, while the omphalocele has a more heterogeneous clinical
      presentation, varying from the smallest to the largest, nearly incorrectable
      type. The main problem in the two groups is the problem of the closure of the
      defect. In gastroschisis there are, in addition, two problems related to the
      length of the intestinal tract and the tendency to peritonitis and septicaemia.
      In omphalocele, however, the major problem is the associated anomalies. The
      experience from the present material indicates that greater efforts must be used
      in the future in trying to avoid hypothermia, both during transportation and
      during operation. Furthermore, greater efforts must be made in closing the
      abdominal wall defect primarily in both groups of patients. More liberal use of
      respirator and total parenteral nutrition, mainly by peripheral veins, has
      obviously contributed to the improvement in our results from 1 60% mortality rate
      in the first nine-year period to a 37% mortality rate in the last nine-year
      period in the omphalocele group. Our best results have been obtained during the
      last 3 years with 2 deaths in the last 12 patients who all were treated by
      primary closure. In the gastroschisis group a survival rate of 69% in the whole
      series and of 74% in those who were primarily completely closed must be looked
      upon as progress in the light of earlier reports of survival rates of 36% to 43%.

PMID- 160586
TI  - Causes of postoperative deaths in gastroschisis and omphalocele.
AB  - Improvement in treatment should reduce the mortality of infants with
      gastroschisis and omphalocele which is still high and is mainly due to septic
      complications. The mortality in infants who have additional severe malformations
      may be difficult to improve, and one should hesitate to treat such additional
      anomalies which are incompatible with life and which even when treated may cause
      permanent severe defects.

PMID- 160587
TI  - Omphalocele and gastroschisis.

PMID- 160588
TI  - [Prosthetic therapy for patients with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome].

PMID- 160589
TI  - Effects of PGI2 on the inactivation of thrombin, factor Xa, and plasmin by
      antithrombin-III and heparin.
AB  - The influence of PGI2 on the activity and on the inactivation of enzymes
      participating in blood coagulation (thrombin and Factor Xa) and fibrinolysis
      (plasmin) were investigated. According to the results PGI2 has no effect on the
      activity of Factor Xa and plasmin nor on the inactivation of these enzymes by
      antithrombin-III in the absence and presence of heparin at a concentration of
      PGI2 up to 400 micrograms/ml. An acceleration of the inactivation of thrombin by
      antithormbin-III was found in the presence of PGI2 within a concentration of 100
      400 micrograms/ml without any effect on the heparin-accelerated inactivation of
      thrombin by antithrombin. We got similar results using clotting tests for the
      assay and the application of synthetic substrate for thrombin. This inactivation
      accelerating effect of PGI2 on thrombin was only demonstratable at a
      concentration five magnitudes higher than that of the anti-aggregation effect on
      platelets.

PMID- 160590
TI  - [Pathological skin changes in workers after long-term exposure to vinyl
      chloride].

PMID- 160591
TI  - [Value of the method of surgical removal of the nails in combined treatment of
      tinea unguium and cutaneous moniliasis].

PMID- 160592
TI  - [Effect of protective ointments with ion exchange resins on the results of patch
      tests with potassium dichromate in patients sensitive to chromium compounds].

PMID- 160593
TI  - [Blood serum testosterone in men with acne vulgaris].

PMID- 160594
TI  - [Sensitivity to propolis].

PMID- 160595
TI  - [Clinical importance of concept and classification of handicapped].

PMID- 160596
TI  - [Critical remarks concerning total reconstructive laryngectomy as seen from our
      activities of the past 7 years].

PMID- 160597
TI  - [Possibilities in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Experience of the Cluj
      Napoca Otorhinolaryngological Clinic].

PMID- 160598
TI  - [Problems in mucocele. III. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations].

PMID- 160599
TI  - [Interrelationships between acoustic trauma and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 160600
TI  - [Impedance measurements in detection of hypacusis in children].

PMID- 160602
TI  - [Clinico-statistical considerations on infantile laryngeal diseases].

PMID- 160601
TI  - [Problems of diagnosis and socio-educational orientation of children with
      communication disorders].

PMID- 160603
TI  - [Long-term foreign body in the lower respiratory tract].

PMID- 160605
TI  - [Asymmetric idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Concept and contributions of
      echocardiography].

PMID- 160604
TI  - [A case of amyloidosis of multiple pseudotumoral form in the respiratory tract].

PMID- 160607
TI  - [Is ulcerative colitis a disease caused by immunocomplexes?].

PMID- 160606
TI  - [Hematoma of the sheath of the abdominal rectus muscles as a complication of
      heparin treatment. Its diagnosis by echography].

PMID- 160608
TI  - [Suppressor T-lymphocytes in mice and humans].

PMID- 160609
TI  - Evaluation of the microsphere-method for determination of cardiac output.
AB  - Cardiac output was determined by means of radioactive microspheres, 15 +/- 5
      microns in diameter. Blood flow in the ascending aorta was measured by an
      electromagnetic flowmeter. In eight cats thirty-eight simultaneous measurements
      were made of cardiac output and aortic flow. The observations correlated well (r
      = 0.89), with a mean difference of 5.2%, probably corresponding to coronary blood
      flow. Continuous flow recordings showed no alterations in aortic flow during the
      injections of microspheres; arterial blood pressure and heart rate remained
      unchanged even after six injections, each consisting of about 2 x 10(5) spheres
      per kg body weight. Tests for shunting of microspheres were performed and
      revealed shunt fractions in the systemic circulation of about 8%, with no
      significant shunting through the lungs. The microsphere method for determining
      cardiac output is thought to be an accurate method, suitable for small and medium
      sized animals.

PMID- 160610
TI  - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Since mongoloids have been reported to differ from other patients with mental
      retardation by being virtually free of atheromatosis, we analysed plasma lipids
      and lipoproteins in twenty mongoloid and in twenty age-matched non-mongoloid
      mentally retarded patients living in the same institution. Plasma total
      cholesterol in the mongoloids did not differ significantly from that of the
      control group, but it was low in both groups in comparison with the Finnish
      population in general. Plasma total triglyceride concentration was higher (P less
      than 0.01) in the mongoloids than in the controls. This was reflected in higher
      VLDL-triglyceride and-cholesterol concentrations in the mongoloids. Plasma
      apolipoprotein B levels were higher (P less than 0.05) and the ratio of
      apolipoprotein A-1 to apolipoprotein B was lower (less than 0.05) in the
      mongoloids. The plasma lipid concentrations were in accordance with the
      significantly higher relative body weights in the mongoloid group. Blood pressure
      was slightly but significantly lower and cigarette smoking was less common in
      patients with Down's syndrome. Our results did not explain the reported lower
      frequency of atheromatosis in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 160611
TI  - Electron microscopic assay of a topical acne treatment: benzoyl peroxide acetone
      gel.

PMID- 160612
TI  - Studies of anti-lymphocyte antibody of patients with active SLE. I. Cause of loss
      of suppressor T-lymphocyte function.
AB  - Effect of anti-lymphocyte antibody of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      on lymphocyte function was examined. Lymphocytes from normal individuals treated
      with anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement exhibited marked inhibition of
      response to concanavalin A (Con A), while the response of lymphocytes to
      phytohaemagglutinin M (PHA-M) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was slightly affected.
      In mixed lymphocyte culture response, both stimulator and responder cells were
      insensitive to anti-lymphocyte antibody. Treatment of sensitized lymphocytes with
      anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement caused a dose-dependent suppression of
      blastogenic response to purified protein derivatives (PPD). No effect, however,
      was noted on migration-inhibitory factor (MIF)-producing cells. In PWM-driven Ig
      synthesis, T lymphocytes lacking the anti-lymphocyte antibody-reactive T-cell
      subset enhanced PWM-driven Ig synthesis of autologous B lymphocytes. Con-A
      induced suppressor function of lymphocytes was abolished by the treatment with
      anti-lymphocyte antibody and complement. The present study demonstrated that
      lymphocytes from normal individuals after treatment with anti-lymphocyte antibody
      and complement showed similar immunological reactivities with lymphocytes from
      active SLE, indicating that those anti-lymphocyte antibodies could play an
      important role in defective suppressor cell function.

PMID- 160613
TI  - Human T-lymphocyte subpopulations: alterations in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Sharply reduced proportions of T cells with Fc receptors for IgG (TG cells) were
      observed in blood samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
      mainly with active disease. This T-cell subset has previously been shown to be a
      suppressor in the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-dependent B-cell differentiation. In
      contrast, the percentages of T cells with Fc receptors for IgM (TM cells), which
      have been shown to help immunoglobulin production, were not different from those
      of normals. TG cells present in the circulation of SLE patients were analysed for
      their functional capacities in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and
      in the suppression of a PWM-induced B-cell differentiation. In both these assays
      TG cells from SLE patients had normal effector cell activity. This suggests that
      thr than a qualitative type.

PMID- 160614
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations in man: B-cell stimulation induced by pokeweed mitogen
      and irradiated T cells.
AB  - The enhanced stimulation of human B lymphocytes by pokeweed mitogen in the
      presence of irradiated T helper lymphocytes has been studied, revealing that the
      proliferative responses measured by incorporation of thymidine in cultures of B
      lymphocytes and irradiated T lymphocytes in a 1:2 or 1:4 ratio is mostly a
      function of the B cells. Only a minimal number, if any, of the T cells
      contaminating the B cell suspensions is stimulated to proliferation. This is in
      contrast to stimulation of the B-cell suspensions without addition of irradiated
      T cells, where both B cells and T cells proliferate. The irradiated T helper
      cells have no FcR for antigen-bound IgG, and as well allogeneic as autologous T
      cells exhibit helper capacity of equal strength. The test system described makes
      it possible selectively to test one B-cell function and the corresponding T
      helper capacity.

PMID- 160615
TI  - Lymphocyte subpopulations in man: suppression of PWM-induced B-cell proliferation
      by infectious mononucleosis T cells.
AB  - The in vitro polyclonal pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced activation of human B
      lymphocytes is enhanced by addition of autologous or allogeneic irradiated T
      cells. This model for B/T-cell cooperation may be used to define and describe the
      balance between T helper and T suppressor phenomena. The present study
      investigates the helper and suppressor capacities of mononuclear cells isolated
      from peripheral blood of infectious mononucleosis patients during the acute
      disease and the reconvalescence period. During the acute disease we found a
      functional lack of T helper capacity; furthermore, the T cells were able to
      suppress the PWM and T-cell-dependent B-cell proliferation of healthy donor
      cells. The suppression was non-cytotoxic; i.e. not due to destruction of the
      responder cells. This phenomenon of non-cytotoxic suppression was found for all
      seven patients studied and disappeared during the reconvalescence period,
      indicating that the T lymphocytosis seen in infectious mononucleosis includes an
      expansion of T suppressor cells.

PMID- 160616
TI  - Anaerobic, non-clostridial fasciitis and myonecrosis of the abdominal wall. Pure
      anaerobic infection originating from neglected inflammation of an urachal
      remnant.
AB  - A pure anaerobic infection of the abdominal wall of a 40-year-old man is
      described. The infection originated from an urachal remnant. Seven different
      bacterial strains were isolated. Even though no clostridia were involved, the
      infection caused extensive necrosis of the abdominal wall including both fascia
      and muscles.

PMID- 160617
TI  - [Hernias of Spieghel's (semilunar) line].

PMID- 160618
TI  - [Complications of laparoscopy].

PMID- 160619
TI  - [Pediatricians of the RSFSR guarding the health of children].

PMID- 160620
TI  - [Laparoscopy in closed abdominal trauma].

PMID- 160621
TI  - [Principles of 5-level clinical care for women workers in a large industrial
      enterprise].

PMID- 160622
TI  - [Malignant neoplasm morbidity in the population of the RSFSR during 12 years
      (1966-1977)].

PMID- 160623
TI  - [Present rehabilitation in children and adults].

PMID- 160624
TI  - A study of maternal participation in preschool programs for handicapped children
      and their families.
AB  - This study investigates the effects on maternal attitudes toward child-rearing of
      preschool programs for handicapped children and their families. Two types of
      programs were studied: programs emphasizing maternal participation and those
      minimizing maternal involvement. It was hypothesized that programs which stress
      mothers' involvement would result in more positive attitude changes than programs
      de-emphasizing maternal participation. The findings indicate that maternal
      involvement and program support are critical variables in promoting positive
      attitudes toward child-rearing. The authors recommend that a multi-regional study
      be undertaken to determine the applicability of this study's findings. Such
      information would be useful in future program development and in the training of
      program personnel.

PMID- 160625
TI  - Differences in maternal age-specific rates of Down syndrome between Jews of
      European origin and of North African or Asian origin.
AB  - Rates of Down syndrome in livebirths in West Jerusalem in 1964-1975 were studied
      in relation to the mother's continent of birth or, if she was born in Israel, to
      the maternal grandfather's continent of birth. In women of European origin the
      crude livebirth rate of Down syndrome was 1.3 per 1,000 livebirths. This crude
      rate and the maternal age-specific rates in this group were very close to those
      observed in a Swedish study and two studies of white livebirths in the United
      States. For West Jerusalem women of North African or Asian origin the crude rate
      was about 2.4 per 1,000 livebirths, and at all maternal ages except the youngest
      their rates were higher than for women of European origin. The summary adjusted
      relative risk for a Down syndrome livebirth for all those of North African or
      Asian origin, compared to those for women of European origin, was about 1.56. If
      attention is restricted to mothers born outside of Israel, the adjusted relative
      risk for mothers born in Europe, the Americas or English speaking countries of
      the British commonwealth compared to those born in North Africa or Asia was 1.97,
      consistent with a two-fold difference in the likelihood of a Down syndrome
      livebirth between thes two groups. To our knowledge this is the first report of
      ethnic differences in maternal age specific rates of Down syndrome that cannot be
      plausibly explained by differences in ascertainment.

PMID- 160626
TI  - The effect of fibrinogen degradation products and some lysine analogues on the
      dissociation of plasmin(ogen)-fibrin complexes.

PMID- 160627
TI  - Inhibition of plasminogen activator associated with chronic granulomatous
      inflammation.

PMID- 160628
TI  - Anticoagulant peptides obtained from human fibrinogen degradation products by
      plasmin.

PMID- 160629
TI  - Influence of dextran sulfate and tranexamic acid on the activation of plasminogen
      by urokinase.

PMID- 160630
TI  - HLA-D typing with lymphoblastoid cell lines. VII. A computer program for data
      analysis.
AB  - When lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) are substituted for peripheral blood
      lymphocytes from human typing cell donors in HLA-D typing experiments, a data
      analysis program must be designed to distinguish the effect of allo-reactivity
      from those peculiar to LCL, mainly the "autologous-stimulation" effect. The
      computer program described in this report was created specifically for such an
      analysis. The rationale for the design of this program is presented in the
      preceding report (see this issue).

PMID- 160631
TI  - A micromethod for prospectively testing lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC)
      using fresh or frozen cells labelled with a fluorescent dye.
AB  - A direct, specific and rapid method has been developed to prospectively evaluate
      lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity (LMC) for kidney transplant recipients. Donor
      lymphocytes, labeled with fluorescein diacetate, were incubated in a microtest
      plate for 2 h with recipients' effector cells. The percentage of fluorescent
      cells in each well was estimated relative to controls using an inverted phase
      fluorescence microscope. Lymphocytes obtained from seven of 12 recipients post
      transplantation exhibited positive reactions, fluorescence of labeled donor cells
      was reduced to 30-65% of that observed in controls, and these reactive patients
      required nephrectomies. The responses of the remaining five patients were
      negative. Tests with their donor cells showed 80-95% control fluorescence, with
      favorable transplant results. Six of 21 recipients evaluated prospectively
      required nephrectomies within 34 days post-transplantation. Three of these
      subjects showed 15-65% control fluorescence, a positive LMC response; the other
      three yielded negative LMC responses but required nephrectomies possibly due to
      renal ischemia prior to transplantation. The remaining 15 patients demonstrated
      85-90% control fluorescence with graft function continuing for 17 to 270 days.
      The results from direct LMC tests with a fluorescent label indicate that the
      system is of value in predicting early rejection of renal allotransplants.

PMID- 160632
TI  - Effect of chronic administration of aldosterone on bile secretion, on liver
      cytochrome P-450, and on red blood cell sodium content.
AB  - Male adult albino rabbits received, during a period of two weeks, a daily
      subcutaneous injection of aldosterone, 150 micrograms/kg body weight. Twenty-four
      hr after the last injection, bile was collected during two hr under anaestheia,
      then the liver was removed and submitted to cytochrome P-450 measurements and
      microscopic analyses. Red blood cell sodium content was measured before and after
      aldosterone treatment. In animals treated with aldosterone, compared with
      controls, we found: (1) a significant diminution (p less than 0.01) of bile flow
      rate, of sodium biliary excretion and of biliary bile acid output; (2) a
      significant increase (p less than 0.001) of liver cytochrome P-450; (3) hyaline
      modifications of hepatocytes without necrosis or steatosis; (4) a proliferation
      of liver smooth endoplasmic reticulum; (5) an increase (p less than 0.001) of red
      blood cell sodium content.

PMID- 160633
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in eight patients with Down's syndrome, aged
      8 to 18 years. Diabetic glucose tolerance was observed in only one patient with
      obesity. This impaired glucose tolerance was improved with the weight reduction
      due to diet restriction. The flat glucose tolerance curves with low peak values
      were also observed in the other two patients. In the remaining five patients,
      normal glucose tolerance was obtained. Insulin response and free fatty acid
      levels during oral glucose load were not characteristic except for the diabetic
      patient with obesity. The sera of Down's syndrome showed normal binding capacity
      for insulin. These results suggest that obesity might partly participate in the
      impaired glucose tolerance in Down's syndrome.

PMID- 160634
TI  - Adsorption of suppressor cell activity on mouse macrophage monolayers.
AB  - Suppressor cell activity is high in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice sensitized to the
      allogeneic P-815 mastocytoma. The suppressor cells inhibit proliferation of
      normal mouse spleen cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Preincubation of tumor
      allosensitized spleen cells on monolayers of syngeneic or allogeneic macrophages
      reduces suppressor activity. Preincubation on monolayers of spleen cells does not
      affect suppressor activity. Suppressor cells can be retrieved from the macrophage
      monolayers used for adsorption. Heat-killed macrophages fail to adsorb out
      suppressor cell activity. Incubation of tumor-allosensitized spleen cells on
      syngeneic macrophage monolayers does not reduce cytotoxic cell activity. Removal
      of suppressor cell activity by macrophage adsorption restores helper activity of
      tumor-allosensitized spleen cells. These results demonstrate that suppressor cell
      activity can be reduced by contact with macrophages and point to an additional
      role for the macrophage in regulating the immune response to tumors.

PMID- 160635
TI  - Frequency of alloreactive cytotoxic T cell precursors in the mouse thymus and
      spleen during ontogeny.

PMID- 160636
TI  - Suppressor cells in specific unresponsiveness to skin allografts in
      thymectomized, ALS-treated, marrow-injected mice.
AB  - Spleen cells from thymectomized antilymphocyte serum (ALS)-treated B6AF1 mice
      bearing enhanced C3H/He grafts after the infection of C3H/He marrow were assayed
      for their ability to suppress the response to C3H/He grafts after transfer to
      syngeneic B6AF1 recipients. Cells were transferred from thymectomized ALS-treated
      B6AF1 mice that had received either a C3H/He graft alone, C3H/He marrow alone, or
      both a graft and marrow. Cells were removed from donors and transferred at either
      day +13, +42, +62, +100, or +150. Spleen cells from thymectomized mice were
      unable to transfer unresponsiveness regardless of donor treatment or time of
      transfer.

PMID- 160637
TI  - Immune response to weakly immunogenic virally induced tumors. IV. Dissociated
      recognition of H-2 and tumor-associated antigens.

PMID- 160638
TI  - Association of interstitial pneumonia and diminished in vitro lymphocyte
      blastogenesis in human marrow graft recipients.
AB  - The lymphocyte responses of 51 human marrow graft recipients were tested in vitro
      18 to 45 days after marrow grafting by stimulation with lymphocytes from
      unrelated individuals or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Fourteen of the 51 patients
      subsequently developed interstitial pneumonia (IP). The relative responses of the
      lymphocytes of patients who developed IP were significantly lower than those of
      individuals not developing IP (P less than 0.01 for allogeneic cells, P = 0.02
      for PHA). These nonspecific in vitro tests of cell-mediated immunity are of value
      in identifying patients at risk of developing IP.

PMID- 160639
TI  - Regulatory mechanisms in cell-mediated immune responses. IV. Evidence for the
      spontaneous generation of suppressor cells in vitro.

PMID- 160640
TI  - T suppressor cell function impairment in peripheral blood lymphocytes from
      transplant recipients under azathioprine and corticosteroids.

PMID- 160641
TI  - [Solomon Abramovich Neifakh (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 160642
TI  - [HL-A system and its importance for bone marrow transplantation].

PMID- 160643
TI  - [Ipratropine and terbutaline. A comparative study of 19 patients with chronic
      obstructive lung diseases].

PMID- 160644
TI  - [Effect of ipratropine on bronchial obstruction].

PMID- 160646
TI  - Calcification in blood pumps.

PMID- 160645
TI  - Thrombogenic potential of dacron grafts after prior exposure to whole blood,
      plasma, or albumin.
AB  - On hundred forty six (146) vascular graft insertions have been examined to
      determine the best exposure media, the mode of exposure, and the time of exposure
      required to change the TP of knitted dacron fabric. Whole blood, plasma, albumin,
      and Ringer's lactate (as control) were the media used. The mode of exposure was
      by either simple soaking or physiological perfusion with the appropriate media.
      The time of exposure was from one hour to 7 days. Simple soaking in species
      specific albumin was found to be highly effective in lowering the TP of knitted
      dacron and we advocate this as the initial step in preclotting dacron grafts.
      This step is equally critical in the smaller vascular replacements and should
      lead to improved patency of these dacron vascular grafts.

PMID- 160647
TI  - Ureteral replacement with a new prosthesis.
AB  - A new flexible silicone ureteral prosthesis has been developed and implanted by a
      new technique in 20 miniature pigs. The improved implantation technique and the
      results are described. All prostheses remained firmly attached in their position
      and drained the upper urine collecting system adequately during an observation
      period up to 12 mos. Leakage, incrustation, dislocation or rejection did not
      occur. The promising results encouraged us to continue our investigations to get
      long term experience for clinical trial in human patients for whom nephrostomy is
      the alternative.

PMID- 160648
TI  - [Pathogenesis of acute osteomyelitis].
AB  - Pathogenesis of acute osteomyelitis is analyzed from the standpoint of disorders
      in the bone microcirculation. It is stated that in acute osteomyelitis there
      occur some disorders in microcirculation due to extravascular compression and
      intravascular occlusion of the bone vessels. The analysis of pathogenesis of
      acute osteomyelitis from the standpoint of disorders in the microcirculation of
      the osseous tissue is believed to be expedient for the correct understanding of
      pathological processes occurring in the bone, and for purposeful pathogenetic
      therapy.

PMID- 160649
TI  - [Recurrent right-ventricular hypertrophy in patients with congenital isolated
      stenosis of the pulmonary artery and outlet tract of the right ventricle in the
      immediate and late periods after surgery].
AB  - The degree of hypertrophy of the right ventricle is proportionate to the size of
      the systolic pressure gradient between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
      prior to operation. The involution of hypertrophy is dependent on the type of
      stenosis, age of the patient and the term of surgery.

PMID- 160650
TI  - [4-stage system of treatment of patients with injuries of the musculo-skeletal
      apparatus].
AB  - The four-step system for the treatment of traumatological patients contributes to
      earlier rehabilitation and shortens the time fo staying in hospitals. It also
      decreases the invalidism percentage.

PMID- 160651
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant thyroid tumors in an endemic
      focus].
AB  - In authors' opinion an inadequate knowledge of the clinical course and
      disparagement of the role of puncture and operation biopsies constitute the
      causes of hypodiagnosis of primary malignant tumors. An exceptional use of
      repeated operations in case of "histologic discoveries" of the tumors together
      with underestimation of radialogic and hormonal treatment should be considered as
      therapeutic errors.

PMID- 160652
TI  - [Dynamics of the irradiation dosages of Leningrad x-ray diagnostic office
      personnel during the period of 1963-1977 and its causes].

PMID- 160653
TI  - [Instructive work at a new stage].

PMID- 160654
TI  - [Outbreak of pasteurellosis among the monkeys in a zoo].

PMID- 160656
TI  - [Complex scientific work systems for students].

PMID- 160655
TI  - [Experience in the prevention of white muscle disease in buffalo calves].

PMID- 160657
TI  - Early (stage A) prostatic cancer. IV. Methodological criteria for
      histopathological diagnosis.
AB  - This study was performed in order to elucidate some of the problems of incidence,
      morphology and natural history concerned with Stage A prostatic cancer or
      prostatic microcarcinoma (PMC). The prostates of 100 patients, treated by
      subtotal prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), were studied by
      comparing both routine and step-section techniques. The incidence of PMC was 41%
      by the former and 86% by the latter technique. Assessment of the size of PMC, as
      measured by the sum of the two main diameters, resulted in three groups: A1, A2,
      A3. The last of these may represent a frankly malignant condition, judged by size
      and the histological appearance. Radical prostatectomy is strongly suggested as
      appropriate therapy for this group.

PMID- 160659
TI  - Correlation of vertebral malformations with the synthesis and content of
      mucopolysaccharides during chondrogenesis.
AB  - Treating mice of strain C57BL/6Ffm on day 9 of gestation with 10 mg/kg of 5
      fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (FCdR) resulted in malformations of the thoracic
      vertebral column (ThVC) in 98% of near-term fetuses (Degenhardt et al., 1968).
      The spectrum of malformations was broad: fusion, dysplasia, cleft, aplasia and
      hypoplasia were all produced. Fusions of two or more segments represented more
      than half of all malformations (Bosse, 1978). The alterations in embryonic
      precartilage and cartilage after FCdR-treatment were followed from day 11 to day
      15 in a biochemical and histological study. Biochemically, the 35S-uptake into
      embryonic mucopolysaccharides (MPS) and the content of total MPS and seven
      fractions of MPS in embryos or isolated ThVCs were analyzed. The histological
      variables studied were the types and incidence of malformations of the ThVC, 35S
      autoradiography of the ThVC, and the amount of alcian blue-stained cartilaginous
      matrix. The results showed that on day 11 the synthesis of embryonic MPS was not
      affected, on day 12 the synthesis of MPS was greatly reduced, on day 13 the
      synthesis of MPS was slightly reduced while the MPS-content was not affected. On
      day 13 aplasias were seen in the same percentage as at term, but no fusions were
      detected. By day 14 the MPS-content was greatly reduced; hyaluronate, condroitin
      4-sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate being principally involved; the first
      fusions were seen. On day 15 the MPS-content was slightly reduced (chondroitin 6
      sulfate and heparan sulfate were involved), fusions were complete. The results
      are discussed in terms of disturbance of structure and function of the notochord
      and intervertebral discs with the production of fusions, the main type of
      vertebral malformation in these experiments.

PMID- 160658
TI  - Erythrophagocytosis by the sinus endothelial cell of the spleen in haemolytic
      anaemias.
AB  - An ultrastructural study of spleens from patients with a heterogeneous group of
      haemolytic anaemias was undertaken in order to determine whether sinus
      endothelial cells have erythrophagocytic ability. In most cases, sinus
      endothelial cells contained erythrocytes and various stages of intracellular
      degradation of engulfed erythrocytes were noted. Though the frequency of
      erythrophagocytosis varied from case to case, phagocytosis of erythrocytes by the
      endothelial cell was more frequent in cases in which cordal macrophages showed
      active erythrophagocytosis. These results suggest that the sinus endothelial
      cells have erythropagocytic ability in certain pathological states, especially
      when the demands for the removal of defective erythrocytes are increased.
      However, the bulk of erythrophagocytosis is carried out by cordal macrophages,
      and endothelial phagocytosis has a minor significance in the developemnt of
      haemolytic anaemia. Two possible processes by which erythrocytes come into
      contact with sinus endothelial cells are suggested.

PMID- 160660
TI  - Emiocytotic granule release without intraluminal stimulus in human colonic
      endocrine cells of fetuses, children and adults.
AB  - In endocrine cells of the colon of adults, children and fetuses, exocytotic
      granule release without any specific stimulation is reported. Omega-invaginations
      are observed on both the lateral and basal surfaces of all types of colonic
      endocrine cells. Several explanations for the phenomenon are suggested: 1)
      emiocytosis is probably more frequent in the colon than in the proximal gut, this
      allows its observation without requiring an exogenous stimulus, 2) since most of
      the exocytotic figures are from anaesthetized subjects it is also assumed that
      contraction of the muscular layer induced by anaesthetics and the resulting
      increase in intraluminal pressure were the possible causes of granule release, 3)
      in non-anaesthetized subjects release may have taken place in response to a
      normal endogenous physiological stimulus, or to the dilation of colon during
      colonoscopy. Certain figures on lateral surfaces between endocrine and adjacent
      cells i.e., bulges of parallel plasma membranes surrounding a secretory granule,
      were observed. Their significance is unknown.

PMID- 160661
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of the rat submandibular gland in streptozotocin induced
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Increased fluid intake (polydipsia) is one of the classic symptoms of diabetes
      mellitus. Xerostomia (dry mouth) and resultant thirst are other symptoms of the
      disease and bear a close relationship to polydipsia. The xerostomia in
      individuals with diabetes is primarily due to decreased saliva flow which appears
      to be associated with degenerative changes in the salivary glands. This study
      examines the response of the rat submandibular gland to streptozotocin induced
      diabetes mellitus. Adult male rats were given a single I.V. dose of
      streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight) in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Salivary glands
      were examined by light and electron microscopy at 4, 8 and 24 h and 3, 7, 14 and
      21 days posttreatment. The changes in the acinar cells were characterized by an
      accumulation of secretory material within the cytoplasm. This secretory protein
      accumulation was followed by degenerative changes in the acinar cells which
      frequently resulted in cell death and replacement of secretory cells by
      connective tissue elements. The loss of secretory volume and potential changes in
      secretory kinetics are discussed with regard to the xerostomia, thirst and
      polydipsia exhibited by individuals with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 160662
TI  - Lymphoepitheloid cell malignant lymphoma (Lennert).
AB  - Typical epitheloid cell formations were found in 175 of 500 cases of various
      types of Hodgkin's disease. No distinctive behaviour was found in cases with
      epitheloid structures. Close attention has been devoted to a further series of 23
      lymphoepitheloid cell malignant lymphomata marked by focal nuclear atypicality in
      their epitheloid cell granulomas, which destroyed the basic neoplastic structure
      of the lymph node in many cases, necessitating further biopsy. In this series not
      only Hodgkin's disease (7 cases) but also some malignant lymphomas of non
      Hodgkin's types (3 x immunoblastoma, 3 x immunocytoma and 2 x T-lymphoblastoma)
      were found. In 6 cases only a tentative diagnosis of lymphoepitheloid cell
      malignant lymphoma could be made. The epitheloid granulomatous reaction tended to
      disappear gradually in all cases by repeated check-ups, and was apparently a
      secondary phenomenon. The cause of the epitheloid cell atypia was not evident
      although it proved to be an important diagnostic feature identifying an
      independent form of lymphoepitheloid malignant lymphoma. The subsequent
      development of this lesion suggested a mildly pleiomorphic highly malignant
      lymphoma, which might be of B cell origin, but sometimes demonstrably of the T
      cell series.

PMID- 160663
TI  - Alveolitis due to hair-spray. Ultrastructural observations in two patients and
      the results of experimental investigations.
AB  - Observation of two patients with hair-spray induced lung disease have prompted us
      to study the ultrastructure of the lung lesion. We have compared the results with
      experimental lesions in animals injected with hair-spray extracts and with human
      monocyte cell cultures exposed to hair-spray. The lungs show a chronic alveolitis
      with a striking granulomatous reaction including macrophages and multinucleated
      giant cells of the foreign body type. The intraalveolar and interstitial
      macrophages and the giant cells all contain PAS-positive material.
      Ultrastructurally distinct lamellar inclusions are found in the secondary
      lysosomes of the macrophages and giant cells. Identical structures can be
      produced in animals injected with hair-spray extracts and with polyvinyl
      pyrrolidone and -acetate (PVP/PVA), which are regular ingredients of hair-sprays.
      Large, presumeably polymeric particles (PVP/PVA) are ingested by giant cells.
      This "gigantophagocytosis" is associated with the fusion of mononuclear
      phagocytes and leads to the genesis of giant cells. In cell cultures of human
      blood monocytes hair-spray extracts and PVP/PVA induce maturation and aggregation
      of these cells, with PAS-positive cytoplasmatic inclusions. The development of
      multinuclear giant cells in these monocyte cell cultures is also seen. These
      observations suggest that hair-spray induced lung disease is caused by the
      prolonged and extensive body response of the local mononuclear phagocyte system
      (MPS). Overstimulation of the MPS leads to a quantitative and qualitative change
      which is followed by a partial blockade of this system. The alveolitis is a
      consequence of the foreign body response to inhaled hair-spray substances.

PMID- 160664
TI  - Liquid paraffin pneumonia--with chemical analysis and electronmicroscopy.
AB  - Liquid paraffin pneumonia was diagnosed after open lung biopsy in a woman age 73
      with a hiatus hernia and rheumatoid arthritis who had been taking liquid paraffin
      nightly for fifty two years. Histological examination showed a lipid type
      pneumonia with involvement of alveoli, interstitial tissues and brochioles.
      Chemical analysis of the lung showed total lipids of 17.7% (w/w), 86% was liquid
      paraffin which was positively identified by infrared spectroscopy. Transmission
      electronmicroscopy showed macrophages in the alveoli filled by phagosomes. The
      alveoli were mainly lined by alveolar type II cells. Scanning electronmicroscopy
      showed alveoli filled by a mass of vacuoled material.

PMID- 160665
TI  - Fatal eosinophilic gastroenterocolitis in a two-year-old child.
AB  - We report a case of eosinophilic gastroenterocolitis in a 2-year-old child with
      extensive fibrosis, atrophy of the muscularis propria and involvement of stomach,
      small bowel and colon. Following an attack of acute gastroenteritis at the age of
      15 months the symptoms of ileus persisted. A biopsy of small bowel at the age of
      18 months showed numerous eosinophilic granulocytes in the mucosa. At the age of
      28 months the child died with paralytic ileus. This is the first case known to us
      of an eosinophilic gastroenteritis in early childhood with a fatal outcome.

PMID- 160667
TI  - [High efficiency of socialist competition].

PMID- 160666
TI  - Colorectal polyposis with mixed juvenile and adenomatous patterns.
AB  - An unusual form of colorectal polyposis is described displaying juvenile,
      adenomatous and mixed patterns in a 17-year-old girl. Although juvenile polyposis
      is generally considered to be non-neoplastic in nature, in both the present and
      in other case reports histological findings support a neoplastic nature. Since an
      increase in the incidence of large bowel carcinomas has been found in subjects
      with a previous diagnosis of juvenile polyposis, these patients should be
      considered to be at risk, and submitted to follow up.

PMID- 160668
TI  - [Organization and medical economic effectiveness of the sanatorium-health resort
      stage in the system of restorative treatment of ischemic heart disease patients].

PMID- 160669
TI  - [Effect of the drinking of Yessentuki No. 17 mineral water on the gastrin content
      in the blood in duodenal peptic ulcer].

PMID- 160670
TI  - [Comparative action of Pyatigorsk health resort factors on diabetes mellitus
      patients].

PMID- 160671
TI  - [Development of health resort science and physiotherapy in Uzbekistan].

PMID- 160672
TI  - [Clinical and immunological parallels in influenza Al of 1977-1978 in children].

PMID- 160673
TI  - [Epidemiological problems of organic urinary system diseases in children].

PMID- 160674
TI  - [Organizational problems of obstetrical and gynecological care for industrial
      enterprise workers and the ways for its further improvement].

PMID- 160675
TI  - [Work of the Mordovian Republic Pediatric Hospital in therapeutic and
      prophylactic care for the children of a rural locality and in district
      organizational and methodological management].

PMID- 160676
TI  - [Experience in improving the activities of feldsher obstetrical centers in
      medical service to children].

PMID- 160677
TI  - [Organization of a pediatric department-based sanatorium group].

PMID- 160678
TI  - [Main principles of balneologic treatment of chronic viral hepatitis at the
      Truskavets health resort].

PMID- 160679
TI  - [Isolation of the causative agent of ornithosis from gamasid mites].
AB  - A microorganism was isolated from Gamasoid mites (Ornithonyssus sylviarum)
      collected in nests of blue rock pigeons by means of blind passages in white mice
      and chick embryos. The studies of its morphological, cultural, and antigenic
      properties and pathogenicity for laboratory animals permitted to identify it as
      the causative agent of ornithosis. It is suggested that the possibility of
      infection of ectoparasites is determined to a considerable extent by the degree
      of activity of the infectious process in the hosts. Ornithonyssus sylviarum may
      be assumed to be one of additional reservoirs of the causative agent of
      ornithosis in nature.

PMID- 160680
TI  - [Laparoscopic picture and a working laparoscopic classification of chronic
      perihepatitis].
AB  - The author established chronic perihepatitis, via laparoscopy, in 61.6 percent of
      the investigated 350 patients in the course of 12 years. Describing the most
      characteristic mascoscopic varieties of chronic perihepatitis, the author groups
      them in seven separate form: I. Perihepatitis diffusa, corresponding to
      Zuckergussleber of Curschmann. II. Perihepatitis adhesiva and III. Perihepatitis
      circumscripta. The latter, on its part is subdivided to 5 separate forms of
      chronic perihepatitis: 1. Perihepatitis arachnoidealis, 2. Perihepatitis
      marginalis, 3. Perihepatitis areata et striata, 4. Perihepatitis miliaris
      disseminata, 5. Perihepatitis paravesicalis. That working laparoscopic
      classification contributes to the precise diagnostics and to the clinical
      interpretation of the separate forms of chronic perihepatitis. With the aid of
      lapraoscope the author performed a partial decapsulation of diffuse perihepatitis
      in 12 patients, without complications observed. Diffuse perihepatitis is, for the
      first time, described in patients with chronic hepatitis, in a patient with
      multiple liver abscesses and in one female-patient with peritoneal carcinosis and
      hemorrhagic ascites.

PMID- 160681
TI  - [Dental health of children].

PMID- 160682
TI  - Conservative management of low back pain--a physiatric viewpoint.

PMID- 160683
TI  - Electrodiagnostic techniques in evaluation of low back pain.

PMID- 160684
TI  - Lumbar facet arthrography and injection in low back pain.

PMID- 160685
TI  - Nerve blocks for low back pain.

PMID- 160686
TI  - [What is fluoroacetate diabetes?].
AB  - The opinion is incorrect that the monofluor carbon-induced hyperglucosaemia which
      in literature is cited under the term fluor acetate diabetes is caused by insulin
      deficiency due to lesion of the pancreatic beta-cells. The cause of the fluor
      acetate diabetes is a disturbance of the glucose degradation by inhibition of the
      enzyme phosphofructokinase. Insulin applications have no causal influence on the
      monofluor carbon intoxications and no symptomatic influence on the fluor acetate
      diabetes.

PMID- 160687
TI  - [Antimicrobial effect of slaicylic acid on propionibacteria in the sebaceous
      infundibulum in the local treatment of acne vulgaris].

PMID- 160688
TI  - [Antibacterial effectiveness of spectinomycin (Stanilo) against Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae].

PMID- 160689
TI  - [Zinc and the hair; a review of the research results published in the latest
      literature].

PMID- 160690
TI  - Further evidence for a S-syn correlation in the purine(beta)ribosides: the
      solution conformation of two tricyclic analogs of adenosine and guanosine.
AB  - From the analysis of the HRNMR spectra of two tricyclic analogues of adenosine
      and guanosine, 4,5-diamino-9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl) pyrimido [5,4-f]pyrrolo[2,3
      d]pyrimidine (adenosine-adenosine, AA) and 4,7-diamino-9-(beta-D
      ribofuranosyl)pyrimido[5,4-f]pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-one (adenosine-guanosine,
      AG), dissolved in liquid ND3 the preferred conformations of the ribose moiety are
      derived in the temperature range between + 40 and -60 degrees C. The analysis is
      based on the two state N in equilibrium or formed from S model of the furanoside
      ring proposed by Altona and Sundaralingam. Both compounds show a pronounced
      stabilization of the S-conformer of the sugar ring ([S] approximately 0.8). The
      van't Hoff enthalpy for the S in equilibrium or formed from N equilibrium is -3
      kJ mol-1. The syn in equilibrium or formed from anti equilibrium is even at -60
      degrees C fast compared to the HRNMR time scale.

PMID- 160691
TI  - A theoretical study of H3PO4, nor-N-mustard, and cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Some physical and chemical properties of the cancerostat cyclophosphamide
      (generic name: ENDOXAN) and its basic constituents H3PO4 and nor-N-mustard have
      been calculated with the help of a modified CNDO/S-method. The spectroscopic data
      of the H3PO4, which is the starting-point for a corresponding calculation of
      cyclophosphamide, has been studied by taking account of the 3 d electron of the
      phosphorus. Nor-N-mustard is a very reactive compound, characterized by the
      ability to split off chloride ions and to act as an alkylating agent. The binding
      of the nor-N-mustard to the cyclic phosphate ester (cyclophosphamide) modifies
      the chemical reactivity of the mustard group in an essential way, and the 3 d
      electron of the phosphorus plays an important role with respect to the
      excitability of the C--Cl bonds. Cyclophosphamide must be metabolized in a
      suitable way to develop the same alkylating activity as the nor-N-mustard. The
      computation of the excited states of cyclophosphamide revealed a similar term
      scheme as it was found by Clar in the case of the carcinogenic polycyclic
      hydrocarbons.

PMID- 160692
TI  - Potential anticancer agents, XI. X-ray structure determination of acantholide.
AB  - The X-ray structure of acantholide, a melampolide sesquiterpene lactone from
      Acanthospermum glabratum (DC.) Willd. was determined by the aid of direct
      methods. The compound was cytotoxic but displayed no antitumor activity.
      Evaluation of the X-ray and NMR data indicated that the same conformation exists
      in the solid state as in solution.

PMID- 160693
TI  - A model mechanism for the enzymatic synthesis of lupin alkaloids.
AB  - A crude enzyme preparation obtained from cell suspension cultures of Lupinus
      polyphyllus catalyzes the pyruvate dependent conversion of cadaverine into the
      tetracyclic lupin alkaloids. As the first reaction product 17-oxosparteine could
      be identified by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy. In some
      experiments sparteine was found additionally. A participation of diamine oxidase
      could be ruled out. The cadaverine-pyruvate transaminating enzyme system (17
      oxosparteine synthase) catalyzes the formation of 17-oxosparteine from three
      cadaverine units without releasing free intermediates. These results are
      inconsistent with the hypothetical mechanism thus far formulated for the lupin
      alkaloid biosynthesis. A new enzymatic model mechanism is proposed regarding both
      the results of the enzymatic experiments and those of the in vivo tracer studies.

PMID- 160694
TI  - Purification and properties of a catechol methyltransferase of the yeast Candida
      tropicalis.
AB  - In an effort to investigate catechol methyltransferase activity in sources other
      than mammalian tissues and cells, a high level of enzyme activity was found in
      the yeast fungus Candida tropicalis CBS 94. Partial purification of the enzyme
      (approx. 550 fold with a recovery of 7%) could be achieved by using ion-exchange
      and gel filtration techniques. The molecular weight was estimated at 32,000 +/-
      2,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. In isoelectric focusing experiments on
      Sephadex G-75 the enzyme exhibited a pI-value of 5.0 +/- 0.1. In contrast to
      catechol methyltransferase from various mammalian tissues the enzyme activity was
      prepared from the pH 5-sediment. The substrate specifity is comparable to other
      catechol methyltransferases.

PMID- 160695
TI  - [Acetylcholinesterase from bovine erythrocytes. Purification and properties of
      the enzyme solubilized in the presence and the absence of Triton X-100 (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase was released from bovine erythrocytes by Triton X-100
      treatment and purified by twwfold affinity chromatography. The detergentfree
      enzyme was obtained with a specific activity of 4130 U/mg (303 000-fold
      purification) and a 25% yield. Alternatively, the commercial available crude
      enzyme was purified. The latter preparation has an uniform molecular weight (Mr
      175 000). The Triton-solubilized enzyme, however, can be resolved after removal
      of the detergent in eight multiple forms (Mr 175 000 and multiple values), in the
      presence of Triton there exists only one form (Mr 338 000). The amino acid
      composition of the two enzyme preparations differs significantly. No differences
      were observed with respect to other properties: SDS gel electrophoresis revealed
      two protein bands (Mr 166 000 and 86 000) with both preparations. The enzyme is a
      glycoprotein with a pI value of 4.3 and contains strongly bound
      phosphatidylethanolamine. The N-terminal amino acid has been found to be Glu (or
      Gln).

PMID- 160697
TI  - UDP-glucose: glucosyltransferase activity involved in the biosynthesis of
      flavonol triglucosides in Pisum sativum L. seedlings.
AB  - From young, light-grown seedlings of Pisum sativum L. an enzyme activity
      catalyzing the glucosylation of kaempferol and quercetin in the 3-position to
      form the 3-0-triglucoside derivative has been demonstrated. The reaction proceeds
      from the aglycone via the mono- and diglucoside intermediates. The triglucoside
      can be produced from any of the less substituted derivatives with uridine
      diphosphate-D-glucose (UDPG) as the glucosyl donor. Young leaf tissues had much
      higher levels of glucosyltransferase activity than the petioles and internodes.
      This is the first report of the synthesis of flavonol-3-0-triglucosides in vitro.

PMID- 160696
TI  - Purification and properties of the soluble 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      of rabbit uterus.
AB  - 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity towards estradiol-17 beta has been
      demonstrated in the 105,000 x g supernatant of rabbit uterus. Hydroxylapatite
      chromatography of the enzyme activity isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation,
      gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography yielded a single 17 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Further purification of the enzyme
      preparation by isoelectric focusing resulted in multiple peaks of activity. The
      molecular weight of the enzyme, caculated from mobility data on Sephadex gel, is
      approximately 64,000. Some properties of partially purified 17 beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity have been studied. Estradiol-17 beta reacts
      at a faster rate than testosterone. The Km for estradiol is 4.16 x 10(-5) mol/l
      for the NAD-linked enzyme activity and 4.37 x 10(-5) mol/l when NADP as cofactor
      was used. The ratio of the maximal velocity for NADP to that for NAD was 1.42.
      The pH-optimum for estradiol appears between 9.5 and 10.5 and for estrone between
      5.5 and 6.5. The enzyme appears to be of the sulfhydryl type.

PMID- 160698
TI  - Inhibition of E. coli L-Asparaginase by reaction with 2,3-butanedione. Chemical
      modification of arginine and histidine residues.
AB  - The inactivation of E. coli asparaginase by 2,3-butanedione studied with L
      asparagine and diazooxonorvaline as substrates obeys pseudo first order kinetics.
      Activity losses are linear with respect to arginine and histidine modification,
      with complete inactivation being correlated with alteration of one arginine and
      one histidine per subunit. The rate of inactivation of the enzyme was reduced in
      the presence of competitive inhibitors like L-2-amino-2-carboxyethane
      sulfonamide. Under comparable conditions 1,2-cyclo hexanedione does not affect
      the activity of L-asparaginase.

PMID- 160699
TI  - [Influence of twovalent foreign cations on the uptake of zinc by Chlorella
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of 10(-4) divalent cations on the uptake of labelled Zn in the
      concentration range 10(-5) to 5 x 10(-5) M into the interior of Chlorella fusca
      at 30 degrees C was measured during 75 min. The Zn absorbed on the surface or
      contained in the free space was removed by washing with EDTA. Corrections were
      applied for the loss in concentration due to surface adsorption, etc. The results
      were consistent with competitive inhibition of Zn uptake by the foreign ions. No
      allosteric inhibition was found. From the Lineweaver-Burk diagram, for
      uninhibited Zn, KM was found as 7 x 10(-6) M and Vmax as 8.3 x 10(-9) mol.min-1.g
      1 algae. The inhibitor constants were: Mg 1.3 x 10(-5), Ca 4.3 x 10(-5), Co 4.3 x
      10(-5), Ni 4.3 x 10(-5), Cd 1.3 x 10(-5) and Pb 9.4 x 10(-7) M. The values given
      for Km and the inhibitor constant refer to the velocities of uptake after 45 min.

PMID- 160700
TI  - On the analysis of competitive binding of various ligands to cooperative and
      independent binding sites of macromolecules.
AB  - The paper deals with the practical evaluation of multiple binding equilibria of
      macromolecules and different ligands competing for the same binding sites. The
      necessary formalism is reviewed and set up for the equilibria involving a
      macromolecule with various classes of independent binding sites and/or a class of
      cooperative sites and up to three different ligands in competition for them. In
      particular, it was necessary to extend the Hill approximation to treat
      simultaneous competition for cooperative as well as independent binding sites,
      while earlier attempts are shown to be inadequate. Criteria are developed for a
      qualitative analysis of complex binding patterns using the Scatchard-plot of the
      experimental data in order to obtain a model of the binding structure and an
      adequate set of input parameters for the numerical analysis. Numerical examples
      refer to the binding of calcium and magnesium to the sarcoplasmic reticulum as
      studied by competitive replacement of manganese ions [3].

PMID- 160701
TI  - Effects of alpha-aminooxy-beta-phenylpropionic acid on phenylalanine metabolism
      in p-fluorophenylalanine sensitive and resistant tobacco cells.
AB  - A p-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) resistant cell line with high phenylalanine ammonia
      lyase (PAL) activity and wild type cells with low PAL activity were compared in
      their responses to PAL inhibition by alpha-aminooxy-beta-phenylpropionic acid
      (AOP). Inhibition of PAL reduced the levels of the main phenolic compounds to 30%
      of the controls. Free phenylalanine pools increased 17 fold in the resistant line
      and 6 fold in the sensitive line, respectively. The accumulation of phenylalanine
      did not reduce the flow of labeled shikimic acid into the aromatic amino acids
      tyrosine and phenylalanine. The results are discussed with respect to the
      feedback inhibition of chorismate mutase activity by phenylalanine and tyrosine
      in both cell lines.

PMID- 160702
TI  - Chemical modification of biliprotein chromophores.
AB  - The reaction of biliproteins with sodium dithionite has been studied. The reagent
      is selective towards the chromophores. In denatured phycocyanin from Spirulina
      platensis, all three chromophores react to form yellow "phycorubin", whereas only
      1/3 of the chromophores react in native phycocyanin in a non-statistical manner.
      From reversion experiments, it can be shown, that the thermodynamic stability of
      the chromophores towards reaction with dithionite is increased in the native
      pigment. Similarly, native phytochrome in its Pr form reacts only partially to a
      pigment absorbing at both 420 and 660 nm. The same product is formed from native
      Pfr, indicating both a reversion to Pr and a partial reduction.

PMID- 160703
TI  - [Quantitative comparison of ribosome binding sites of twelve nucleotide sequences
      from Escherichia coli (RNA- and DNA phages) based on triplet patterns (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The molecular structure of ribosome binding sites of ten phage genes and two
      messengers of Escherichia coli were compared concerning the signation parts which
      are presumably used by ribosomes for recognition and binding. With a simple
      calculation based on triplet patterns sofar unknown agreements between all of
      these sequences were found. In several cases it was shown that agreements between
      old sequences are easier recognizable if the purine- and pyrimidine bases are put
      into the triplets instead of the four A, G, C, and U (T) bases. In such cases
      "homologous" parts of sequences were recognized with more distinctness. This is
      true in our case for the double triplet (hexaplet) py-pu-pu-pu-pu-(pu) and the
      binding site triplet py-pu-pu, which are preceding the initiator. These triplets
      are in specific positions in all twelve sequences which were compared. The
      different course of the quaternary and the binary conformity curves (diagram 1)
      may show for the investigated area that the RNA phage gene-part is organized
      according to the well known quaternary triplet code. On the contrary the phage
      phi-gene-part seems to be organized according to a more simple, binary triplet
      sequence of purine and pyrimidine bases. The binary sequence seems to be the more
      original, the quaternary the derived one.

PMID- 160704
TI  - Proliferation and metabolic activities of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in
      chemically defined albumin media.
AB  - Cell proliferation, viability, DNA-, RNA-, protein synthesis, amino acid
      transport, repiration and lactate/glucose quotient of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells
      grown in suspension culture in serum free medium supplemented with albumin
      charges of different origin were studied. Optimal cell growth was obtained in
      nutrient medium supplemented with 1% bovine serum albumin (Cohn-fraction V,
      Serva). Cell proliferation under these culture conditions was delayed to 50% as
      compared to controls in normal medium; the rate of synthesis of macromolecules
      was reduced; energy metabolism was not significantly imparied. The trend of the
      cells in albumin medium to attach to glass was independent from the pH of the
      cultures between 7.2 and 8.0; it was enhanced by fatty acid deprivation of the
      albumin.

PMID- 160705
TI  - T2 phage sensitization by linear and angular furocoumarins.
AB  - T2 bacteriophage sensitization has been studied using two furocoumarins capable
      of linking covalently to DNA to the same extent but producing different damages,
      psoralen and 4,5'-dimethylangelicin. Psoralen is a well-known linear furocoumarin
      capable of inducing in DNA both monoadducts and cross-links; 4,5'
      dimethylangelicin is a new angular compound known as a pure monofunctional
      reagent. In the sensitization of T2 mature virions both drugs proved very active,
      yielding survival curves practically superimposable; on the contrary, in the
      experiments with the T2 vegetative form, i. e. its DNA inside the host, 4,5'
      dimethylangelicin resulted much less effective, resembling the picture observed
      in the inactivation of the host bacteria. This result did not appear related to
      an enhancement of DNA repair by a Weigle effect. The different killing activity
      of 4,5'-dimethylangelicin can be explained supposing that this drug is capable of
      inducing cross-links in T2 DNA inside the virus core, in which it exists in a
      very folded form, but not in the same DNA after injection into the host bacteria.

PMID- 160706
TI  - Sensory transduction in Halobacterium halobium: retinal protein pigment controls
      UV-induced behavioral response.

PMID- 160707
TI  - Fine structure and organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the sino
      auricular fibres of frog heart.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of the sino-auricular
      fibres of frog heart has been investigated especially in order to evaluate its
      possible relationship with several cellular organelles. The SR appears as a
      complex unit which can be divided into three regions:--peripheral SR, localized
      beneath the sarcolemma. It is composed of junctional SR, which forms specialized
      complexes (couplings) with the sarcolemma, and peripheral SR s. str. which
      frequently extends its anastomotic tubules around the caveolae.--juxtafibrillar
      SR, in relation with myofibrils, at the level of Z lines and I bands.-
      intermediary SR which is the most abundant. It contains dense granules, able to
      bind strontium (and calcium) and, from place to place, is formed into flattened
      saccules bearing fenestrations where microfilaments frequently pass through. It
      allows peripheral SR and juxtafibrillar SR to communicate, giving unity to the
      reticular system and, on the other hand, shows close topographical relations with
      mitochondria. The great extension of the SR, its heterogeneity and its
      relationships with several cellular organelles, especially mitochondria, are
      interpreted from the functional point of view.

PMID- 160708
TI  - The primary structure of the beta-lactoglobulin of the waterbuffalo (Bubalus
      arnee).
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the beta-lactoglobuline of the waterbuffalo
      (Bubalus arnee) was established. The sequence of peptides obtained by cleavage
      with BNPS-Skatole, CNBr and trypsin were determined automatically by the help of
      the sequenator. Only two differences were found in the beta lactoglobulin of the
      waterbuffalo compared with the bovine beta-lactoglobulin B.

PMID- 160709
TI  - [The sequence of a dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin), component IX, from
      Chironomus thummi thummi (Insecta Diptera) (author's transl)].
AB  - The primary structure of the dimeric hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) CTT-IX from the
      insect larva Chironomus thummi thummi (Insecta Diptera) is given. The sequence
      was determined automatically. The primary structure is compared with human alpha
      chains.

PMID- 160710
TI  - Radioactive labelling of lipids in rat neurosarcoma by intravenous injection of
      [1-14C]-octadecenol.
AB  - Radioactivity from cis-9-[1-14C]octadecenol, injected intravenously into rats
      bearing neurosarcoma, is incorporated to a significantly greater extent into
      tumor than into muscle. In the lipids of both tissues, radioactivity is
      incorporated predominantly into the acyl moieties, rather than into the alkyl or
      alk-1-enyl moieties, of diradylglycerophosphocholines,
      diradylglycerophosphoethanolamines, and triradylglycerols.

PMID- 160711
TI  - Radiation induced loss of anti-Ig binding ability of lymphocytes.
AB  - The effect of irradiation on the anti Ig binding ability of lymphocytes after
      irradiation was studied. Normal control and irradiated lymphoid cells were
      treated with rabbit anti mouse IgG fluorescein conjugated serum and the
      fluorescein positive cells compared. A reduction in the proportion of stained
      cells in the irradiated lymphocytes was found. It depends on the dose and on the
      incubation time at 37 degrees C after irradiation. The maximum effect was
      detected after 10 minutes of incubation, longer incubation is associated with a
      partial recovery of the stainability of the IgG receptors.

PMID- 160712
TI  - Color vision in salamander larvae.
AB  - In behavioral experiments using monochromatic prey-patterns, larval salamanders
      (Salamandra salamandra) are able to discriminate colored from white light. In the
      retina only blue-yellow opponent-color ganglion cells were recorded. Thus the
      color vision in these animals is dichromatic.

PMID- 160713
TI  - In Virginia, changing maternal age affects Down syndrome incidence.

PMID- 160714
TI  - The immunochemical determination of thrombin-antithrombin III and plasmin
      antiplasmin complexes in human plasma.

PMID- 160715
TI  - [Experience in conducting student competitions in dermatology and venereology].

PMID- 160716
TI  - [Aspects of skin disease morbidity with temporary lose of work capacity among
      industrial enterprise workers].

PMID- 160717
TI  - [Use of different drug forms of oxacillin in the therapy of acne vulgaris].

PMID- 160719
TI  - [Microtrauma prevention in the workers of grain-growing state farms].

PMID- 160718
TI  - [Azathioprine treatment of psoriasis].

PMID- 160720
TI  - [Causes of high occupational dermatosis morbidity and the measures for its
      prevention in female garment factory workers].

PMID- 160721
TI  - [Epidemiology of zooanthroponotic trichophytosis in the Azerbaijan SSR].

PMID- 160722
TI  - The self-concept of disadvantage: factors which facilitate or hinder change.

PMID- 160723
TI  - Laparoscope. A useful diagnostic instrument in gynaecological oncology and
      gynaeco-andrology.

PMID- 160724
TI  - [Significance of malformations and variations in the lumbosacral spine for the
      pathogenesis of intervertebral disk diseases].
AB  - Clinical data and x-ray findings of 1000 patients with back pain have been
      analysed. The authors found evidence that malformations and particularly
      development variations of the lumbosacral vertebral column may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of intervertebral disk degenerations. The discopathies become
      clinically manifest as a consequence of development faults at a younger age und
      in a larger number than in those with normal development of the spine. The
      clinical importance of the transitional vertebra is discussed.

PMID- 160725
TI  - [Iatrogeni vascular injuries (author's transl)].
AB  - We report on 34 intraogenic vascular injuries. In nine cases vascular trauma
      occured secondary to diagnostic procedures. The other 25 cases were due to
      therapeutic measures. Vascular reconstruction was successfull in all cases,
      except 2, which required above-knee amputation because of ischaemic damage. The
      causes of death in 4 cases were malignant diseases or multiple traumatic
      injuries.

PMID- 160726
TI  - [Great Armenian surgeon, A. G. Mirza-Avakian (on the centenary of his birth)].

PMID- 160727
TI  - [Occupational pathology in the molybdenum industry].

PMID- 160728
TI  - [Dielectric permeability and conductivity of the blood of patients with lumbar
      osteochondrosis in UHF fields].

PMID- 160729
TI  - Four bakers showing positive patch-tests to a number of fragrance materials,
      which can also be used as flavors.
AB  - Contact sensitization to fragrance materials may be caused by occupational
      exposure to flavor compositions in the food trade and needs not to be due to
      cosmetic exposure exclusively. To illustrate this, investigative results in four
      bakers are discussed.

PMID- 160730
TI  - Acne aestivalis. A histopathological study.
AB  - Twelve histological sections with the diagnosis acne aestivalis (Mallorca acne)
      were revised and compared with the clinical diagnosis. Two histological diagnosis
      were wrong, one being folliculitis necroticans the other an uncharacteristic
      follicular disease. Non the less this patient had clinical acne aestivalis. In
      five patients accordance was found between histopathology and the clinical
      picture. Among the last five patients with histological acne aestivalis one had
      clinical rosacea, one yersinosis and dermatitis herpetiformis, one acne vulgaris,
      one miliaria or transcient acantholytic dermatosis, and the last one folliculitis
      perforans. The two last mentioned patients had the same histological picture
      which could be consistent with folliculitis perforans. The similarity in
      histopathology in this disease and acne aestivalis is emphasized. The
      histopathology in acne aestivalis could indicate, that the disease starts as a
      damage in corium and that the changes in the pilosebaceous apparatus are
      secondary.

PMID- 160731
TI  - Comparison of patch test results in two adjacent areas of England-I. (Industrial
      allergens).
AB  - A 3-year study of patch test reactions to the Standard European Battery has been
      carried out in two adjacent areas of S. E. England with the same climatic and
      cultural background. The source of materials and method of testing were
      identical; both observers had worked together in the same Contact Dermatitis
      department and the interpretation of reactions can therefore be considered to be
      consistent. The main differences between the two areas lay in the pattern of
      employment and of local medicament prescribing. The first only is examined here.
      One area was dominated by the automobile industry, the other by the furniture
      industry, with important subsidiary rubber, foam and electronics factories. The
      pattern that emerges shows that patch test reactions to the Standard European
      Battery were more likely to be related to environmental allergens and medicament
      usage than to industrial hazards. Chrome dermatitis was less common than
      elsewhere in Europe but nickel sensitivity showed the same pattern. Rubber
      chemical sensitivity reflected industrial, as well as domestic usage. Colophony
      and formaldehyde appeared to have less industrial significance than we expected.
      Special additional industrial allergens are not considered here but were of
      particular importance in the furniture industry. Although the numbers analysed
      were relatively small, we believe that they reflect the pattern to be expected in
      areas of relatively low industrial risk in Great Britain at the present time.

PMID- 160732
TI  - Rare allergens - hidden sources of allergens.
AB  - Acceleration of technical development results in growing difficulties to trace
      allergens. In this respect rare allergens as well as hidden sources of well-known
      allergens not infrequently cause persistence of allergic dermatitis. Examples are
      presented for di-ethyl-ester of maleic acid, hydroxylammoniumhydrochloride, N
      methyl-p-aminophenol, 2-hydroxy-3-naphtoic acid o-aniside and N-acetoacetyl
      benzylamide.

PMID- 160733
TI  - Carbon and carbonless copy paper.
AB  - Proven allergic contact dermatitis from carbon paper is an exceptional rarity;
      the reported causes are dyes and plasticisers. But carbon paper is gradually
      being replaced by pressure-sensitive or carbonless copy paper, particularly for
      business forms. The method depends on mechanical pressure or chemical transfer.
      For the latter, colour formers are held in microcapsules, which rupture under
      pressure, and released when they produce the colour. Some office workers have
      claimed that the handling of used carbonless papers are responsible for symptoms
      affecting the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract, as well as systemic
      symptoms including headaches, drowsiness and fatigue. Patch tests are negative.
      If the symptoms are attributable to carbonless paper it is suggested that the
      colour former solvents are most likely to be responsible.

PMID- 160734
TI  - First epidemiological study of contact dermatitis in Spain - 1977. Spanish
      Contact Dermatitis Research Group.
AB  - The present work is the first epidemiological study carried out by the Spanish
      Contact Dermatitis Research Group during 1977. During this year 2806 patients
      were studied with patch test among 30873 dermatological patients. The 60-62% of
      the totality had reactivity to one or more patches. Four major groups of
      allergens were able to consider, following the incidence in their power of
      sensitize. First group with strong incidence include: Nickel, Chromate, Cobalt,
      T.M.T.D.,P.P.D.A., Mercapto mix., and Wood tars. Second and third groups with
      medium incidence contain: Caines, Carbonates, Neomycin, Balsam of Peru, Mercury,
      Lanolin, Naphtyl mix., Formaldehyde, Benzalkonium chloride, P. P. D. A. mix, and
      Turpentine. Four group show very low incidence substances, as: Epoxi,
      Sulfonamides, Etilendiamine, Parabens, Chinoform, Colophony and Cinnamon oil. Few
      comments about age and occupations are included.

PMID- 160735
TI  - Hand dermatitis in haridressers.
AB  - Most junior hairdressers, while shampooing, develop a dry irritant dermatitis
      over the metacarpophalangeal joints. It responds to simple treatment and
      disappears when the shampooing stage is passed. A few hairdressers develop eczema
      of the fingers: the response to treatment is less predictable and the prognosis
      is worse. In those who give up hairdressing the eczema generally improves or
      heals, in those who continue hairdressing the eczema is likely to persist,
      especially in atopics.

PMID- 160736
TI  - Batch-consciousness in dermatologic management.
AB  - The chemical ingredients can vary between batches of industrial products. That
      means that the sensitizing capacity is also variable. This should be considered
      in taking histories, performing patch testing and analyzing chemicals.

PMID- 160737
TI  - Cross-sensitivity within the neomycin group of antibiotics.
AB  - Neomycin sensitive patients were tested for hypersensitivity to kanamycin,
      gentamycin, tobramycin, spectinomycin and to the new, not yet registered
      sisomycin and netilmicin. Cross-sensitivity occured in a considerable part of the
      patients, except for spectinomycin, the structure of which is basically different
      from that of the other aminoglycosides tested. The common occurence of cross
      sensitivity between neomycin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics shows that it
      is possible to predict cross-sensitivity between a new drug and an old
      sensitizing one before clinical reactions from the new drug have occured. Such an
      investigation should be performed before adopting new antibiotics.

PMID- 160738
TI  - Factors affecting the histochemical composition of reinnervated soleus muscle of
      rat.
AB  - The myofibrillar ATPase reaction was utilized to determine the relative
      proportion of type II fibres in reinnervated soleus muscle 6 months after
      transection and reunion of the nerve at various distances from the muscle. In
      self-reinnervated soleus muscle, a highly significant decrease in the percentage
      of type II fibres from 10.5 +/- 1.6% in normal muscle to 0.7 +/- 0.4% was noted.
      In randomly reinnervated soleus muscle the percentage of type II fibres gradually
      increased with the distance of the site of nerve transection from the muscle.
      After transection and reunion of the muscular branch of the tibial nerve, the
      type II fibres constituted 34.0 +/- 1.5% and that of the reinnervated soleus
      muscle after transection and reunion of the sciatic nerve stump was 73.7 +/- 1.7%
      of the total fibre population. Different factors which might be responsible for
      the observed differences in the degree of cytochemical transformation of muscle
      fibre types in the process of reinnervation are discussed.

PMID- 160739
TI  - Nerve elements of the heart in aorto-coronary by-pass conditions.
AB  - Experiments were conducted on 100 dogs with creation of autovenous aortocoronary
      shunts in the coronary artery. The hearts were examined 1 year following surgery
      by routine histological, neurohistological, histochemical and electron
      microscopic techniques. No severe destructive changes were revealed in the
      shunting system. The main process develop in the heart very early following
      surgery and consist in reactive changes in the intramural nerve elements,
      elevation of the phosphatase activity in the walls of the microcirculatory bed,
      redistribution of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides and changes of
      permeability of the haematohistiocytic barriers; they are an adaptation response
      of the myocardium to operative stress and new conditions of influx of blood to
      the cardiac muscle.

PMID- 160740
TI  - Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland.
AB  - The clinical features of multiple sclerosis (MS) in north-east Scotland have been
      examined along with an epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of the
      disease on 1st December, 1970. Patient information was collected from all
      available diagnostic indices, both retrospectively and prospectively from 1965.
      Every family doctor in the region contributed. The age and sex specific
      prevalence rates for MS in north-east Scotland on 1st December, 1970, are the
      highest ever recorded. Among the 80,000 women aged 40 to 69, one in every 340 had
      the disease. The mean incidence rate for a 12-year period was 5.0/100,000. A
      significantly better prognosis with regard to disability was found for onset with
      sensory symptoms, a relapsing/remitting type of course, men with long disease
      duration, and an initial remission period of 4 or more years. The occurrence of
      various abnormal neurological signs and symptoms has rarely been recorded in a
      large epidemiological study. The findings in this study, however, are similar to
      previous non-epidemiological studies.

PMID- 160742
TI  - Serum testosterone, FSH/LH and urinary excretion of estrogens and corticoids
      during treatment with an injectable, longacting estrogen-DHEA preparation.
AB  - Ten weeks after total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, nine
      women were treated with injections of Gynodian, composed of 4 mg estradiol
      valerate and 200 mg dehydroepiandrosterone enanthate, followed by injections of
      Primodian, composed of 4 mg estradiol valerate and 90.27 mg testosterone
      enanthate. Before commencement of treatment estimation of serum FSH, LH and
      testosterone, and analyses for total estrogen, 17-ketogenic steroids and
      fractionated 17-ketosteroids in 24-hour urine samples were carried out in all
      patients. The same serum and urine analyses were made 2 weeks after the first
      Gynodian injection and the first Primodian injection respectively. Serum
      testosterone concentrations did not change during treatment with Gynodian,
      whereas they rose markedly after administration of Primodian. Two weeks after the
      first injection of Gynodian and also of Primodian, the total estrogen excretion
      was only slightly increased in comparison with the value measured before start of
      treatment, and the serum FSH/LH ratio was only slightly depressed. The daily
      urinary excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids and of fractionated 17-ketosteroids
      were unchanged during treatment.

PMID- 160741
TI  - The development and evaluation of an ovulation inhibitor (DIAne) containing an
      antiandrogen.
AB  - The combination of 2 mg cyproterone acetate, a pronounced antiandrogenic
      substance, in combination with 0.05 mg ethinyl estradiol has undergone intensive
      multiphasic clinical evaluation. The preparation with the trade name Diane has
      proven to be not only a reliable contraceptive, but also a very potent drug for
      the treatment of both acne and seborrhea, and of milder cases of hirsutism. The
      effect of Diane on markedly increased hair growth was not so pronounced. In
      addition to the presentation of the most pertinent steps of the clinical
      investigation of Diane, the possible mode of actions of antiandrogens alone and
      in combination with an estrogen is discussed.

PMID- 160743
TI  - Morphological, histochemical and X-ray microanalytical examination of deposits on
      soft contact lenses in extended wearing.
AB  - The deposits on 29 contact lenses of various water content from 20 wearers were
      analysed by the methods given in the title. Six lenses were used as bandage
      lenses, the remaining for optical correction. The age of the patients varied from
      7 to 56 years, two-thirds being under 45 years. Wearing time had been from 1 week
      to 1 year, with an average of 13 weeks. The results obtained by the methods
      applied showed that calcium was present in just over two-thirds of the cases
      (20/29), other elements being infrequent. Mucopolysaccharides were found in just
      under two-thirds (18/29). Chlorine was present in one-fifth of the cases. No
      significant amounts of lipid were detected. Fungi were found in three cases
      (3/29). Bacteria were also found in these cases, but never without fungi.
      Evaluation of the methods applied showed that the methods of choice were
      macroscopical examination and scanning microscopy in combination with X-ray
      microanalysis, in a few cases combined with histochemistry. None of the methods
      applied is sufficient for protein analysis.

PMID- 160744
TI  - Performance of the hypertrophied left ventricle in spontaneously hypertensive
      rat. Effects of changes in preload and afterload.
AB  - Isolated hearts from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; Okamoto 1969),
      with established hypertension, were investigated in an antegrade perfusion
      apparatus where preload and afterload could be varied independently. Frank
      Starling curves were constructed at constant afterloads ranging from 50 mmHg to
      150 mmHg. As earlier reported, the SHR hearts exhibited a rightward shift of
      their Frank-Startling relationships compared to those from the normotensive
      control hearts, though visible only at afterloads up to about 100 mmHg. At higher
      afterloads the SHR hearts performed significantly better then the NCR ones as
      their maximal stroke volume was significantly greater compared to that of
      controls. Thus, left ventricular hypertrophy obviously increases the work
      capacity of the heart, though at the cost of an altered Frank-Startling relation
      dependent on the reduced diastolic compliance. For such reasons the myocardial
      hypertrophy in established SHR hypertension must be considered a physiologic
      adaptation and not a degenerative phenomenon, though naturally degenerative
      processes may later become superimposed.

PMID- 160745
TI  - Human plantar flexion strength and structure.
AB  - Plantar flexion strengths were studied in 30 right-handed males. Static and
      dynamic maximum plantar flexion torques were recorded, knees fully extended (0
      degrees) and in 90 degrees flexion. In five of the subjects the soleus and
      gastrocnemius muscle structure were studied by light microscopy and enzyme
      histochemistry. Specimens were obtained by needle biopsy, usually bilaterally.
      Intraindividual declines of force were found to be a function of angular motion
      velocity. Static and dynamic torques correlated significantly. Peak torques were
      significantly greater (mean 15%) at the 0 degrees than at the 90 degrees knee
      angle and left maximum plantar flexion torques at 0 degrees were greater (mean
      10%) than right. Mean morphometric data on the m. soleus suggested right-left
      symmetry, which could not be demonstrated for the m. gastrocnemius. Fibres with
      low stainability for myofibrillar ATPase (Type 1 fibres) had smaller diameters,
      but constituted the major part of the cross-sectional areas. In these five non
      athletes no significant correlation between data on plantar flexion strength and
      morphometric data on triceps surae structure could be demonstrated. On the other
      hand, strength covariated with calf circumference.

PMID- 160746
TI  - Left atrial pressure in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The left atrial pressure in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the
      Okamoto strain and normotensive control rat (NCR) was measured via chronically
      implanted catheters. In SHR left atrial pressure in end-expiration was more than
      twice as high (10.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg) as in NCR (4.6 +/- 0.3 mmHg). There was no
      difference in the intrapleural pressure between the two groups of rats, therefore
      the enhanced left atrial pressure in SHR represents a real rise in the diastolic
      filling pressure of its left ventricle. This is considered to be the most
      important compensation for the earlier reported rightward shift of the Frank
      Starling curve in SHR (Hallback, Isaksson & Noresson 1975, Noresson et al.
      1979a). Without this compensation the stroke volume would have been drastically
      reduced for the hypertrophied heart.

PMID- 160747
TI  - Determination of blood flow through arteriovenous fistulae and shunts.
AB  - A videodensitometric method for estimating relative flow was employed in a
      patient with a bovine arteriovenous fistula. Analogous arteriovenous
      communications of different sizes were created in two dogs for comparison. Local
      and general hemodynamic parameters were measured. The videodensitometric method
      proved to be highly accurate compared to electromagnetic flow readings and is the
      method of choice in estimating shunt flow in connection with routine angiography.

PMID- 160748
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis, immune complex disease, and hypereosinophilic syndrome.
      Report on a case.
AB  - A patient with typical rheumatoid arthritis is presented. After a short period of
      the disease a hyperosinophilic syndrome (HES) developed with vasculitis,
      pulmonary fibrosis, and thrombosis, and the disease took a malignant course. The
      patient died within a year after the diagnosis of HES. High titres of rheumatoid
      factor were manifested and total complement (CH50) was very low, indicating an
      active immune disease. As HES has been suggested to have an autoimmune aetiology,
      these findings are interesting, as positive rheumatoid serology has very rarely
      been reported in patients with this syndrome.

PMID- 160749
TI  - [Alopecia mucinosa associated with mycosis fungoides].

PMID- 160751
TI  - Regulation of restriction endonuclease activity with antibiotics.

PMID- 160750
TI  - [Intractable psoriasis during treatment with lithium].

PMID- 160752
TI  - Terminological, diagnostic, nosological, and anatomical-developmental aspects of
      developmental defects in man.

PMID- 160753
TI  - Differences in regional capillary distribution and myocyte sizes in normal and
      hypertrophic rat hearts.
AB  - Data are reported which show significant regional capillary differences in left
      ventricular endocardium and epicardium of normal rats and of rats with
      hyperthyroid-induced cardiac hypertrophy. The epicardial region of control rats
      has 38% more capillaries than the endocardial region. Control endocardial
      myocytes are 62% larger in cross-sectional area than epicardial myocytes.
      Hypertrophic hearts exhibit regional differences in capillary density similar to
      those in the normal hearts, but there is an overall reduction of 12 and 17.5% in
      capillary density in both regions. The average cross-sectional area of myocytes
      increases 34.5% in the epicardium and 22.5% in the endocardium.

PMID- 160754
TI  - Lymphocyte surface markers and serum immunoglobulins in persons with Down's
      syndrome.
AB  - Distributions of the serum immunoglobulins, of T and B lymphocytes, and
      subpopulations of B lymphocytes were studied in children and institutionalized
      adults with Down's syndrome and appropriate mentally retarded controls.
      Noninstitutionalized Down's syndrome children, who were 2 to 6 years of age, had
      lower serum IgM levels, lower total white blood cell counts, lower total
      lymphocytes, lower B lymphocytes, and lower IgM- and IgA-producing lymphocytes
      than did retarded controls. Institutionalized Down's syndrome adults, 17 to 51
      years of age, had significantly higher serum IgG and IgA levels than did retarded
      controls. Their total lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and IgM-producing lymphocytes
      were in the same direction as in the Down's syndrome children but were of
      borderline statistical significance (between p = .09 and .11). T lymphocytes were
      not significantly lower for any of the Down's syndrome-retarded groups than those
      for controls, but the trend was in that direction.

PMID- 160755
TI  - Communicative and sensorimotor development of Down's syndrome children.
AB  - Imperative and declarative performative behavior was examined in nonretarded and
      Down's syndrome children operating at two stages of sensorimotor intelligence. In
      both groups, more advanced types of performative behavior generally associated
      with a higher sensorimotor stage. Relative to the nonretarded children of the
      same sensorimotor stages, the Down's syndrome children relied more heavily on
      gestures in their imperative and declarative usage. Evidence was also obtained
      suggesting that the correspondence between sensorimotor stage and performative
      behavior is closer at younger ages than at older ages.

PMID- 160756
TI  - Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase as an enzyme histochemical marker for the
      lymphomas of B-cell origin.
AB  - Twenty-nine cases of malignant lymphoma were studied by the enzyme histochemical
      method and membrane surface markers. Strong adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)
      activity was demonstrated in 15 cases of 20 B lymphomas and in one case of null
      cell lymphoma (1/1) by a light- and electron-microscopic enzyme histochemical
      method according to Wachstein et al. Neoplastic cells in nodules of 2 nodular
      lymphomas (0/2) and in 8 cases of T lymphomas (0/8) did not show any ATPase
      activity enzyme-histochemically. The ATPase activity of B lymphomas was electron
      microscopically demonstrated on the plasma membrane of lymphoma cells but not in
      the cytoplasmic organelles. The specificity of ATPase activity in B lymphomas was
      also examined enzyme-histochemically with reference to normal lymphoid tissues.
      Such specificity was similar to that of non-neoplastic B lymphocytes of primary
      follicles and the mantle zone of secondary follicles in lymphoid tissues.
      Therefore, ATPase is one of the useful enzyme histochemical markers in
      differentiating T and B subclasses of malignant lymphomas.

PMID- 160757
TI  - The treatment of chronic back pain. A preliminary survey of the effect of
      radiofrequency denervation of the posterior vertebral joints.
AB  - Structures innervated by the dorsal primary ramus play a significant part in the
      genesis of chronic backache and associated leg pain. The features of this
      syndrome are described and compared with those in the more familiar clinical
      picture following intervertebral disc degeneration. However these clinical
      entities are seldom entirely separate and the diagnosis is often also complicated
      by psychosomatic factors and the consequences of previous back surgery. A
      technique of percutaneous facet denervation with a radiofrequency probe, although
      by no means successful in every case, is entirely safe and a very wothwhile
      procedure. It has helped many patients, who would otherwise have been disabled by
      pain and restricted in their activities.

PMID- 160758
TI  - Burma revisited.
AB  - The author, who had spent a year with a mobile field hospital in Burma in 1944
      during World War II, was able to visit Rangoon for 5 days in 1977 with the
      assistance of a grant from the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and
      Ireland. Some impressions of life in Burma today are given, especially in
      relation to the problem of providing an anaesthetic service for the main
      hospitals in Rangoon and the work of Professor Win Maung, FFARCS and his
      University department. The author also describes some of the aid which it has
      been possible to organise since his return to the United Kingdom and outlines
      requirements for the future.

PMID- 160760
TI  - Analysis of abscisic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 160759
TI  - Anaesthesia and Huntington's chorea.

PMID- 160761
TI  - Muscle spindle supply to the masticatory muscles in the Japane ermine
      (Carnivora).
AB  - Histological examination of the jaw muscles of the Japanese ermine showed that 4
      jaw-closing muscles have 13 muscle spindles on one side of the face. The temporal
      muscle has 99 muscle spindles, 68 being in the anterior vertical and 31 in the
      posterior horizontal belly. The masseter muscle has 33 muscle spindles, 23 being
      in the profound and 10 in the superficial belly. The medial pterygoid muscle has
      7 muscle spindles and the zygomaticomandibular muscle contains 4 muscle spindles.
      The lateral pterygoid and the jaw-opening muscles have no spindles.

PMID- 160762
TI  - Effects of tenotomy on the muscle of the turtle: a histochemical study.
AB  - Tenotomized turtle muscles exhibited some changes similar to those found in
      mammalian tenotomized muscles. These changes included presence of small rounded
      and angulated fibres with high oxidative reaction, acute necrosis of fibres with
      degenerative changes, perivascular cellular reaction, phagocytosis and the
      atrophy of all 3 types of fibres. In contrast to mammalian tenotomized muscles,
      no decrease in PAS positive material and phosphorylase activity was noticeable.
      Also, the central core fibres and nemaline rods were absent in tenotomized turtle
      muscles.

PMID- 160763
TI  - Effect of pyrantel tartrate and carbadox on acquisition of the swine kidneyworm
      (Stephanurus dentatus) and other parasites by pigs on contaminated lots.
AB  - A combination of pyrantel tartrate (106 mg/kg of body weight) and carbadox (55
      mg/kg of body weight) in ground feed was fed to 20 weaned pigs (av wt, 14.4 kg)
      for 42 days. Another group of 20 pigs included nontreated controls. The pigs were
      farrowed and suckled in a slat-floored farrowing house and had minimal exposure
      to the small intestinal threadworm (Stronglyoides ransomi) until they were placed
      on severely contaminated dirt lots at the start of the experiment. Five pigs from
      each of the two groups were necropsied on day 42. Carbadox was withheld from the
      feed for the 15 remaining treated pigs. All other pigs were necropsied when they
      attained market weight, 72 to 83 days layer. Treated pigs killed at market weight
      had 44% fewer (P less than 0.10) kidneyworms (Stephanurus dentatus) than did
      control pigs. A 17% increase (P less than 0.01) in the weights of livers of
      control pigs when compared with treated market-weight pigs was associated with an
      increase of fibrotic hepatic tissue of control pigs. Worm infections were reduced
      in the treated market-weight pigs: by 96% (P less than 0.05) for the large
      roundworm (Ascaris suum), 77% (P less than 0.01) for nodular worms
      (Oesophagostomum spp), and 64% (P less than 0.01) for the intestinal threadworm.
      There was some evidence for prophylaxis in market-weight pigs (P less than 0.10)
      against lungworms (Metastrongylus spp), but none against the whipworm (Trichuris
      suis) or thick stomach worms (Ascarops strongylina and Physocephalus sexalatus).
      Pigs given the pyrantel tartrate in feed until attaining market weight maintained
      a feed-to-gain ratio superior (7.1%) to that of nontreated pigs.

PMID- 160764
TI  - Effects of hormonal therapy on the microbiology of seborrheic dogs.
AB  - Quantitative and qualitative bacterial assays were performed on the skin of three
      dogs with endocrine-related primary metabolic seborrhea. After the dogs were
      treated (thyroid supplementation or castration, bacterial analyses were again
      performed on the same sites. Before therapy, the dogs had a cutaneous flora
      composed mainly of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-positive organisms. After
      therapy, there was a significantly lower bacterial count, and two of the dogs had
      floras consisting mainly of coagulase-negative cocci. During the study, the two
      dogs that reverted bacteriologically to a normal cutaneous microenvironment
      became normal dermatologically. The third dog improved, but continued to have
      minor signs of seborrhea.

PMID- 160766
TI  - Calibration and use of electromagnetic flow transducers.
AB  - Electromagnetic flowmeters frequently are used to measure volumetric blood flow
      in vessels. An in vitro method of calibration, using a constant supply-pressure
      system, was studied. Potential problems encountered in acute and chronic
      applications are discussed. Using this calibration system, manufacturers'
      recommended calibration factors were not in agreement with actual flow
      calibration factors, and zero, as determined electrically, was not the same as
      that determined mechanically. Transducer sensitivity decreased with increasing
      concentrations of red blood cells but was not affected by fluid viscosity.
      Application problems of vessel constriction by the transducer, transducer
      orientation about the vessel, and chronic instrumentation are discussed.

PMID- 160765
TI  - Identification and distribution of swine serum immunoglobins that react with
      Trichinella spiralis antigens and may interfere with the enzyme-labeled antibody
      test for trichinosis.
AB  - Sera from Trichinella spiralis digestion-negative swine contained variable
      amounts of two immunoglobins that reacted with T spiralis antigen in the indirect
      enzyme-labeled antibody test for trichinosis. One of these immunoglobins,
      detected by heavy chain-specific anti-swine immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugate, was
      removed by absorption with T spiralis larvae. A second immunoglobin, detected by
      heavy chain-specific anti-swine IgM, was not removed by absorption with T
      spiralis larvae and increased in amount with the age of the animal. These two
      immunoglobins varied independently in individual animals and showed some
      specificity for the antigen; ie, they did not merely reflect changes in total
      serum IgG or IgM. In contrast to IgG anti-T spiralis antibody from experimentally
      infected animals, neither of these immunoglobins could be detected in double
      diffusion tests against the antigen or by counter immunoelectrophoresis. Either
      of these immunoglobins could interfere with the indirect test for T spiralis
      antibodies, depending upon whether anti-swine IgG or IgM conjugate is used. The
      factors which initiate synthesis and control serum concentrations of these
      immunoglobins are not known.

PMID- 160767
TI  - Asbestos law: victims' rights and industry's reaction.

PMID- 160768
TI  - Asbestos disease and compensation.

PMID- 160769
TI  - Problems in providing medical care and economic redress to injured workers: the
      physician's responsibility: ethical and legal considerations.

PMID- 160770
TI  - Care of the injured worker: a labor perspective.

PMID- 160771
TI  - Proper compensation for the damaged worker.

PMID- 160772
TI  - The effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the course of development of
      Dictyocaulus viviparus in guinea-pigs.
AB  - Three chemical immunosuppressive agents, viz. dexamethasone, methotrexate and
      cyclophosphamide, were administered to guinea-pigs two days prior to their
      infection with Dictyocaulus viviparus infective larvae and onward. The cell
      mediated immunity of these guinea-pigs was subdued under the influence of these
      immunosuppressive agents as evidenced by macrophage migration inhibition test but
      this could not prevent or postpone the rejection of majority of the worm
      population of guinea-pigs on day 15 post-infection. Methotrexate exerted, besides
      its cell mediated immunosuppressive action on the host, some inhibitory influence
      on the general biotic potentialities of the developing worms so that, on day
      eight post-infection, a reduced number of stunted worms was recovered.

PMID- 160773
TI  - [The interlaminar spaces of lumbar spine. Normal configuration and applications
      to the narrow lumbar canal (author's transl)].

PMID- 160774
TI  - A mechanism for the depression of contact sensitivity with B-cell mitogens.
AB  - LPS or DxS impair contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice, evaluated as ear
      thickness and DNA synthesis of regional lymph node cells in vitro. Lymphoid cells
      from LPS- or DxS-injected and sensitized mice were able to transfer specifically
      the suppression when injected into animals sensitized immediately before cell
      transfer. This cell suppressor activity was eliminated by nylon wool filtration.
      These results suggest that B-cell mitogens may enhance suppressor cell activity
      of regulatory cells which arise during conventional immunization.

PMID- 160775
TI  - Abnormal fibrous protein isolated from the stratum corneum of a patient with
      bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (BCIE).
AB  - The fibrous protein of stratum corneum was isolated from a patient with bullous
      congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (BCIE), and its properties characterized
      using electron microscopy, amino acid analysis and SDS gel electrophoresis.
      Results were compared with the characteristics of the fibrous protein isolated
      from stratum corneum of normal controls. From 900 mg (dry weight) of stratum
      corneum, 68 mg of fibrous protein was obtained from the patient, while 178 mg was
      obtained from the normal control. Structural differences were observed with
      electron microscopy and chemical differences, were shown in the ratio of several
      amino acids. On SDS electrophoresis, the 55,000 dalton constituent of normal
      fibrous protein could not be identified in the fibrous protein from this patient.
      These results suggest that an alteration of the polypeptide composition of
      fibrous protein from this patient with BCIE occurred, and this alteration induced
      the morphological and clinical features of this dominant genetic keratinization
      disorder.

PMID- 160776
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay of dehydroepiandrosterone and 5-androstene-3-beta, 17-beta-diol
      in the plasma of psoriatics and controls].
AB  - In the plasma of psoriatics and controls the steroids dehydroepiandrosterone and
      5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol were determined by radioimmunoassay.
      Corresponding earlier findings obtained by photometric methods in psoriatics the
      plasma level of dehydroepiandrosterone is increased and that of androstenediol is
      decreased.

PMID- 160777
TI  - Boundary layer separation in models of side-to-end arterial anastomoses.
AB  - We performed an investigation of boundary layer separation in models of side-to
      end anastomoses, used clinically in axillofemoral and femorofemoral grafting.
      Boundary layer separation occurs when momentum causes a fluid to flow against a
      local pressure gradient. Models of side-to-end anastomoses were constructed from
      Dacron grafting material and from clear plastic blocks and tubing. Fluid energy
      loss across the anastomosis was small and physiologically insignificant. Local
      adverse pressure gradients were demonstrated near the anastomosis. Flow
      visualization studies demonstrated characteristic areas of boundary layer
      separation in the region of the adverse pressure gradients. The separation region
      involved both the main limb and the side arm. The separation forms a shell or
      ring of slow-moving fluid around the mainstream. Preliminary studies with
      pulsatile flow and with blood demonstrate that boundary layer separation occurs
      under clinical flow conditions. Boundary layer separation may play a role in the
      development of anastomotic hyperplasia and atherosclerotic deposits in the
      vicinity of surgical anastomoses.

PMID- 160778
TI  - Graft infection or graft reaction?
AB  - A perigraft reaction has been described that has been found to be free of
      infection, with a microscopic picture compatible to an immunologic-like reaction.
      Varied time intervals between onset of reaction and removal of tissue have
      allowed for a histopathologic staging. Note is made that four of the five grafts
      involved were external velour Dacron, with a question remaining as to whether the
      double velour stimulates an intensified hyperimmune response. Graft replacement
      by way of new uninvolved plains of tissue has not been necessary. Replacement
      with polytetrafluoroethylene through the same pathway resulted in prompt healing
      of wounds with no evidence of recurrent reaction.

PMID- 160779
TI  - [Specialized teaching of normal anatomy in the Health and Hygiene Faculty of the
      Leningrad Health and Hygiene Medical Institute].

PMID- 160780
TI  - [Dzhalil Iusufovich Guseinov (1896-1979)].

PMID- 160781
TI  - [In memory of B. I. Monastyrskaia (1915-1979)].

PMID- 160782
TI  - Treatment of cerebral palsied patients. A report on 33 years of treatment from
      1946 to 1978.

PMID- 160783
TI  - Oral hygiene in mentally handicapped children. A clinical trial using a
      chlorhexidine spray.

PMID- 160785
TI  - Some reflections on the work of the Committee for the Dental Care of Handicapped
      Children (N.S.W. Branch).
AB  - The history of the committee for the Dental Care of Handicapped Children (N.S.W.
      Branch) is presented. There is some discussion on the difficulties of
      establishing just how many children there are, the concern of members of the
      profession and many people involved with their every-day care for their dental
      health, the results and some conclusions arrived at from questionnaires forwarded
      to voluntary organizations and dentists, the need for the involvement of dental
      educators, the difficulties encountered in the actual implementation of the
      concept, the task of the Dental Services Division and the Government Anaesthetic
      Service of the Health Commission of New South Wales in allocating manpower
      resources, and, finally, some inferences to be drawn as a result of being
      involved in the scheme.

PMID- 160784
TI  - The Princess Margaret Hospital Dental Unit.
AB  - This article describes the development of the Dental Department at Princess
      Margaret Hospital, Perth, Western Australia from its beginnings with the
      appointment of the first Honorary dentist in 1910. It details its state today as
      a comprehensive unit in which all dental specialities are represented and capable
      of handling any clinical or teaching duties which may present. Princess Margaret
      Hospital is a large general teaching children's hospital of three hundred beds
      which handles one third of child admissions in the State. In addition, virtually
      all congenital abnormalities and conditions requiring specialized unit treatment
      are admitted. Into this hospital the Dental Department has become fully
      integrated over the past thirteen years.

PMID- 160786
TI  - Dental management of the chronically ill child.
AB  - Recent advances in the medical management of chronically ill children are of
      interest to the general dental practitioner in those areas which relate to groups
      of child patients frequently treated in practice. There is now a greater
      understanding of the effects on the child with a chronic illness or handicap of
      multiple visits to hospital or medical consultants, and of hospitalization for
      extended periods with separation from parents and family. The bearing this has on
      our dental management of such children is considered, as also are the recent
      advances in the care of children with congenital cardiac defects, haematological
      disorders, and neurological disturbances.

PMID- 160787
TI  - A sensible approach to working with children.

PMID- 160788
TI  - Dermatophytoses: a clinical and management review.
AB  - The diagnosis and management of dermatophytic fungal infections depends upon a
      knowledge of the causative organism fungi, the morphological patterns which can
      be produced and the type, extent and duration of treatment necessary to effect
      cure.

PMID- 160789
TI  - Efficacy of Linco-Spectin medication on mycoplasma meleagridis airsacculitis in
      turkey poults.
AB  - The efficacy of Linco-Spectin (LS) water medication was determined against
      Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) airsacculitis in turkey poults under controlled
      conditions. The poults were obtained from commercial flocks naturally infected
      with MM. Water medication was given for the first five days of life. In Georgia
      and Ohio, LS was given at 0, 1, 2, and 4 g per gallon of drinking water. In
      California and Minnesota, LS was administered at 0 and 2 g per gallon of drinking
      water. At three weeks old, the birds were weighed individually and examined
      serologically, culturally, and grossly for MM airsacculitis. LS at 2 g activity
      per gallon of drinking water was beneficial in controlling MM airsacculitis in
      all four trials.

PMID- 160790
TI  - A home training service for pre-school developmentally handicapped children.

PMID- 160791
TI  - The kinetics of effector binding to phosphofructokinase. The allosteric
      conformational transition induced by 1,N6-ethenoadenosine triphosphate.
AB  - 1. The fluorescent ATP analogue 1,N6-etheno-ATP is a good substrate and an
      efficient allosteric inhibitor of rabbit skeletal-muscle phosphofructokinase. 2.
      Fluorescence energy transfer occurs between bound 1,N6-etheno-ATP and
      phosphofructokinase. 1,N6-Etheno-ATP fluorescence is enhanced, intrinsic protein
      fluorescence is quenched, and the excitation spectrum of 1,N6-etheno-ATP
      fluorescence is characteristic of protein absorption. 3. The binding reaction of
      1,N6-etheno-ATP observed by stopped-flow fluorimetry is biphasic. The fast phase
      results from binding to the catalytic site alone. The slow phase results from the
      allosteric transition of the R conformation into the T conformation induced by
      the binding of 1,N6-etheno-ATP to the regulatory site. 4. The fluorescence signal
      that allows the transition of the R conformation into the T conformation to be
      observed does not arise from 1,N6-etheno-ATP bound to the regulatory site. It
      arises instead from 1,N6-etheno-ATP bound to the catalytic site as a consequence
      of changes at the catalytic site caused by the transition of the R conformation
      into the T conformation. 5. In the presence of excess of Mg2+, the affinity of
      1,N6-etheno-ATP for the regulatory site is very much greater in the T state than
      in the R state.

PMID- 160792
TI  - The rate-limiting step of the protamine-induced adenosine triphosphatase activity
      of adenosine triphosphate-G-actin.
AB  - The release of Pi from the Pi-G-actin-ADP complex is the rate-limiting step in
      the ATPase activity that is shown by ATP-G-actin in the presence of protamine.

PMID- 160794
TI  - Ter mutation and susceptibility to phi X174 phage in E. coli K12.

PMID- 160793
TI  - Effects of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate and dichloromethanediphosphonate on
      rabbit articular chondrocytes in culture.
AB  - Investigations were carried out to assess the effects of disodium 1-hydroxyethane
      1,1-diphosphonate and disodium dichloromethanediphosphonate (compounds containing
      a P-C-P bond) on isolated rabbit articular chondrocytes in culture. Studies on
      growth behaviour showed that both diphosphonates displayed inhibitory actions,
      dichloromethanediphosphonate producing the larger effect. Both compounds
      inhibited the uptake of 2-deoxy-d-glucose, dichloromethanediphosphonate once more
      being the more potent of the two. The uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyrate was
      considerably increased by chondrocytes treated with dichloromethanediphosphonate,
      whereas 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate showed no effects. The biosynthesis of
      sulphated extracellular macromolecules secreted by the cells into the
      pericellular space as well as into the growth medium was greatly increased by
      dichloromethanediphosphonate but not by 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate. The
      stimulatory effect was dose-dependent. Short-term exposure of already confluent
      cells to dichloromethanediphosphonate as opposed to growing the cells to
      confluence in the presence of the diphosphonate revealed that the stimulatory
      effects were already evident after 24h, indicating that cell division is not
      necessarily required to produce the observed effects. The increment in
      proteoglycan synthesis was still evident with cells that were exposed
      continuously to the diphosphonate in primary as well as secondary culture. Pulse
      chase experiments together with studies on the enzyme arylsulphatase revealed
      that the appearance of increased amounts of proteoglycans was the result of a
      stimulation in synthesis and not due to an inhibition in turnover.

PMID- 160796
TI  - Regulation of the in vitro synthesis of E. coli ribosomal protein L12.

PMID- 160795
TI  - On the interaction of muscle actin with gadolinium.

PMID- 160797
TI  - Effects of AMP and Cibacron blue F3G-A on the fructose 6-phosphate binding of
      yeast phosphofructokinase.

PMID- 160798
TI  - The requirements for dental health in a school for the educationally subnormal.

PMID- 160799
TI  - Observations in the treatment of acne vulgaris with a povidone iodine skin
      cleanser.

PMID- 160800
TI  - A study of the application of Blissymbolics as a means of communication for a
      young brain damaged adult.

PMID- 160802
TI  - The use of EMG feedback and progressive relaxation in the treatment of a woman
      with chronic back pain.
AB  - In this systematic single-case study, a 71-year-old white female with chronic
      back pain and paravertebral muscle spasm was treated with 17 sessions of
      electromyographic (EMG) feedback, with recording site just below the right
      inferior scapular angle. Progressive relaxation practice was also employed. EMG
      level was monitored during baseline, treatment, and follow-up phases. Backaches
      were recorded by the subject on a daily basis. There was a marked decrease in
      both EMG level and frequency of backaches, as well as an increase in activities
      at home. Improvement was maintained 12 weeks after the last treatment session.

PMID- 160801
TI  - Idiopathic neutropenia with normocellular bone marrow: an immune-complex disease.
AB  - The presence of circulating immune-complexes (IC) and their in vivo interaction
      with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) have been detected in two cases of
      idiopathic neutropenia with normocellular bone marrow. The injection of patients'
      sera into New Zealand White rabbits caused a striking neutropenia due to
      sequestration of PMN in the vascular bed of kidneys and lungs. The kinetics of
      PMN disappearance from peripheral blood and the pattern of sequestration
      overlapped that induced by the injection of pre-formed soluble IC. Treatment with
      plasmapheresis caused an early and lasting increase of PMN; rabbit PMN were
      almost unaffected by the injection of patient serum after the course of
      plasmapheresis. These data are consistent with the possibility that idiopathic
      neutropenia with normocellular bone marrow may be caused by persistent in vivo
      interaction between IC and circulating PMN.

PMID- 160803
TI  - Granulocytic chalone is not a polyamine complex.
AB  - Recent studies have indicated that tissue extracts may contain sufficient amounts
      of free polyamines to account for the inhibitory effect of the extracts and hence
      mask any authentic chalone action. It has also been reported that bound polyamine
      may be the active moiety of some chalones. We show here that in our granulocytic
      and lymphocytic chalones polyamines, either free or bound, are not responsible
      for the inhibitory effects of the preparation.

PMID- 160804
TI  - Empiric recurrence risks and gastroschisis.

PMID- 160805
TI  - The amniocentesis decision: an explicit guide for parents.

PMID- 160806
TI  - The effects of diagnostic uncertainty and available options on perceptions of
      risk.

PMID- 160807
TI  - Rates of trisomy 18 in livebirths, stillbirths, and at amniocentesis.

PMID- 160808
TI  - [From the normal to the pathological nail].

PMID- 160811
TI  - [Use of the concanavalin-peroxidase-DAB system for identification of human
      chromosomes].
AB  - The effect of concanavalin A on the prometaphase chromosomes was investigated,
      using a staining reaction based on the peroxydase-diaminobenzidin-H2O2 system.
      After incubation with concanavalina A, the chromosomes telomeres as well as the
      centromeres and satellites of the acrocentric chromosomes were strongly stained.
      Sometimes the chromatids appeared to be coiled. In other respect, it must be
      noted that peroxydase alone can stain the chromatids, which probably means that
      this compounds is able to unite with the chromosomes, without the aid of
      concanavalin A.

PMID- 160810
TI  - Towards fewer handicapped children.

PMID- 160809
TI  - Hill tribe opium addicts: a retrospective study of 1,382 patients.
AB  - This paper presents the results of a retrospective study of 1,382 patients
      admitted to the Narcotics Treatment Centre for Hill Tribes in Thailand, which was
      operated by the WHO/UN/Thai Programme for Drug Abuse Control. The study revealed
      widespread opium addiction among the hill tribes. Of these, the Karen were the
      largest group. Mean age on admission for treatment was 35 years. The male:female
      ratio was 7:1. Sixty-six per cent were heads of households. About one-third came
      from households with more than one addict. The mean duration of daily opium use
      before admission was 7.9 years. Over 90% of them were addicted to opium; there
      were eight heroin users. The mean amount of opium used daily was 3.9 g for males
      and 3.2 g for females. About three-quarters of them used salicylate analgesics
      with opium. Illness, in particular abdominal pain, was the most frequent cause of
      their addiction.

PMID- 160812
TI  - [Excito-motor action of succinyldicholine and inhibitory action of acetylcholine
      on slow muscle, the frog hypoglossus].
AB  - We have registered contraction of the frog's hyoglossus which is essentially
      slow. By injecting succinyldicholin in the heart ventricle, we have elicited
      contractions which prove definitively the motor effect of this cholin ester on
      the slow muscular fibers. Acetylcholin, injected in the lymph vessels to avoid
      its effect on the heart, does not contract the hyoglossus. On the contrary, by
      exciting electrically the hypoglossus nerve, which commands the hyoglossus, we
      have observed that this mono-ester abolishes the neuro-muscular transmission, as
      in the curare intoxication. We have found the same phenomenon on the rat's semi
      tendinosus which is a slow muscle too. The twitches produced by the ischiaticus
      are diminished significantly after the injection of acetylcholin in the jugular
      vein.

PMID- 160813
TI  - [Spinal cord potentials evoked by stimulation of cutaneous afferents in the cat
      spine (evidence of an N3 wave)].
AB  - Negative intermediary cord potentials evoked by low threshold cutaneous afferents
      were recorded from the surface of the lumbosacral spinal cord. In addition to the
      N1, N2 waves classically described, it is possible to distinguish a third one
      names here N3 wave. The characteristics and longitudinal distribution of this
      wave are different from those of N1 or N2.

PMID- 160814
TI  - [Measurement of homovanillic acid in urine of newborns and in older children].
AB  - In this study, the urinary H.V.A. of new borns and of older children was
      measured. The urinary H.V.A. titer of the new borns was found to be significantly
      greater than in older children. Moreover the increase is more pronounced when
      those infants are born prematurely. Former studies have shown that the metabolism
      of central nervous system catecholamine reflected by the urinary titers of H.V.A.
      is as accurate as titers measured in the CSF. Recently several authors have found
      increased titers of urinary H.V.A. in autistic children. It is therefore possible
      that the elevated urinary H.V.A. titers in the new born are due to an immaturity
      of the dopaminergic structures. Blocking these structures provokes an accelerated
      catecholamine turnover, thereby increasing the levels of catecholamines
      metabolites (most notably H.V.A.).

PMID- 160815
TI  - [Histologic aspects of some organs in the alloxan induced diabetic mouse].
AB  - In order to study the modifications in the activity on some CNS drugs by the
      experimental diabetes, the authors are proposing a model of alloxanic diabetes in
      the mouse. Diabetes is induced by administering pure alloxan to a well selected
      brand of mice. Biochemical and histological observations obtained on different
      vital organs are comparable with those obtained with spontaneously diabetic mice
      (stable and steady glycemia). This model is consequently a good way of assessing
      pharmacological comparison.

PMID- 160816
TI  - [Modification of the deep pineal after ablation of the superficial epiphysis in
      the golden hamster].
AB  - In various species (among Rodents: Mesocricetus auratus, Cricetus cricetus, Mus
      musculus, Meriones libycus, M. shawi et M. crassus; among Cheiroptera: Artibeus
      jamaicensis etc), the pineal complex is formed by two different portions one
      superficial situated under the cerebral dura and one deep portion situated
      between the habenular and posterior commissures. Superficial and deep portions
      are separated by a tractus of fibers and some pineal cells. Superficial
      epiphysectomy in the Mesocricetus auratus determines an increase in volume of the
      deep pineal. The nuclear diameter is also enlarged in this case. The functions of
      both superficial and deep pineal seem to be closely related. Superficial
      epiphysectomy is not followed by involution or hypoactivity of the deep pineal.
      Superficial epiphysectomy also determines changes in the subcommissural and
      subfornical organs.

PMID- 160817
TI  - [Role of dental pulp in the histogenesis of the enamel organ].
AB  - The histological study of in vitro cultured associations between dental pulps and
      outer dental epithelium showed that the predontoblasts initiated the histogenesis
      of the enamel organ and particularly the differentiation of the inner dental
      epithelium.

PMID- 160818
TI  - [Partial left ovariectomy in the hen: response of the gonadic residue].
AB  - The removal of the left ovary determines a modification of the hormonal
      environment in the hen, as indicated by the structure of the regenerat frequency
      observed. Indeed, comparated to the left ovary of the normal females, they
      present more big follicle and more active steroid cells of the internal theca.
      This gives evidence of a high stimulation.

PMID- 160819
TI  - [Cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow measurement in rabbit's ear by
      epicutaneous diffusion of xenon 133. Influence of the arteriovenous anastomosis].
AB  - The cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow measurement by a diffusible inert gas
      concerns theorically capillary nutritional flow. In clinical routine, where
      pathological openning of arteriovenous anastomosis is suspected, the blood flows
      measured by Xenon technic are often increased. The function of the shunts are
      displayed on the epuration curve obtained on a region where there are numerous:
      rabbit's ear.

PMID- 160820
TI  - [Scintigraphic analysis, with the help of functional images].
AB  - Functional images are a new technique for analysis and visualization biological
      values. Each point of the organ is substitute by a functional value,
      representative of local uptake. This type of processing is interesting as the
      dynamic information gained is stored in a concentrated form, which can be easily
      reproduced and filed.

PMID- 160821
TI  - [Activation, by various aldoses, of dichlorophenol-indophenol reduction by
      endogenous constituents of a preparation of glucose dehydrogenase from
      Pseudomonas fluorescens].
AB  - Dichlorophenol-indophenol is reduced neither by D-glucose nor by the endogenous
      components of a particulate purified glucose-dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas
      fluorescens, when these two classes of compounds acts individually. In contrast,
      the dye is quickly reduced by the endogenous components when the reaction occurs
      in the presence of glucose, without a direct participation of glucose in the
      reduction. In this effect D-glucose can be replaced by D-mannose, D-galactose or
      D-xylose, but not by D-fructose.

PMID- 160822
TI  - [Effect of carbaryl on cultured embryonic chicken gonads in vitro].
AB  - Ovaries and testes from 9 day-old chick embryos have been explanted on media
      containing various levels of carbaryl. The pesticide action depends on the use
      doses. Histocytopathological effects were essentially observed upon gonocytes
      which degenerated.

PMID- 160824
TI  - [Determination of the adrenergic response by measurement of catecholamines and
      activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D-beta-B) in arterial capillary blood].
AB  - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and catecholamines (adrenaline and
      noradrenaline) level in venous blood taken from the cubital vein and in
      arterialized capillary blood taken from the ear lobe were measured before and
      after a maximal exercise on a treadmill in 14 healthy untrained volunteers. The
      authors have shown a good correlation between these parameters in venous blood
      and those in capillary blood. It is concluded that the determination of plasma
      dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and catecholamines level in arterialized
      capillary blood could be a valid measure of the sympathetic activity.

PMID- 160823
TI  - [Prolongation of the effective refractory period on isolated guinea pig atria by
      some anti-arrhythmia agents: relevance in a comparison of their potentialities].
AB  - The effects of bepridil, nifedipine, verapamil, lignocaine and amiodarone on the
      atrial effective refractory period were investigated in the guinea-pig. The
      observed results permitted elucidation of a remarkable activity by both
      nifedipine and verapamil, and by bepridil and lignocaine. In contrast, in the
      experimental conditions, no activity was detected with amiodarone up to
      concentrations of 10(-4) M. The efficacity rating of the test compounds is not
      reflected by their anti-arrhythmic efficacity as demonstrated in vivo in the
      animal, nor by their therapeutic anti-arrhythmic efficacity as reported in the
      clinical literature. However, this efficacity rating may be related to the
      interaction of the compounds with the transmembrane sodium or calcium movements.

PMID- 160825
TI  - [Occurrence of giant nucleolar fibrillar centers in neurons of rat superior
      cervical ganglia during dark period: sterological analysis].
AB  - In the rat, fibrillar centers (nucleolar organizers) of neurons in superior
      cervical ganglia are small during light period whereas quite giant ones are
      observed during dark period. Stereological analysis demonstrates that mean volume
      of fibrillar centers which is 11.9 x 10(-2) micron 3 in light period increases up
      to 159 x 10(-2) micron 3 in dark period. So, the more or less development of
      fibrillar centers in these interphasic nuclei is a circadian phenomenon.

PMID- 160826
TI  - [Tumor angiogenic activity (introductory note)].
AB  - Some classical experiments proving the existence of a Tumoral Angiogenic Factor
      are reproduced. They show the presence of T.A.F. in a solid tumor (Walker 256)
      and its apparent absence in a leukemia (L 1210). We point out that the biological
      activity oversteps the barrier of zoological class.

PMID- 160827
TI  - [Effect of the MgATP2- complex on liver phosphoglycerate kinase activity in the
      rat].
AB  - Effect of Mg ATP2- has been studied on purified rat liver phosphoglycerate kinase
      in the direction of glycolysis. Lineweaver-Burk analysis indicated that Mg ATP2-
      inhibition was noncompetitive with Mg ADP1- and 1, 3-diphosphoglycerate; the
      intersection point is above the 1/[S]-axis and two sites can be suspected for
      this inhibitor.

PMID- 160828
TI  - [Evaluation of cell regeneration of bone marrow after fractional irradiation of
      the mouse in toto].
AB  - We have studied the recovery for mice bone marrow cells after fractionated
      irradiation of the whole body. The additional dose (Dr) to obtain a given
      biological effect if the irradiation is split in two equal subfractions (2 Di)
      separated by a short interval of time (i) is 40 rad per day when the interval of
      time between the two irradiations is lengthened of one day.

PMID- 160829
TI  - [Selective fixation of methylselenobenzoic acid by the pineal gland].
AB  - Investigation of the localization in the central nervous system of the rat of an
      epileptogenic agent, methylseleno-2-benzoic acid, did not lead to its selective
      distribution in the cerebral cortex or in the brainstem in relation with its
      biological activity. But a systematic study of the distribution of this compound
      labelled with 75Se at a high specific activity has revealed a rate of fixation by
      the pineal gland 4 to 5 times higher than that of other tissues of the central
      nervous system. After a survival time of 4 hours, the radioactivity of the pineal
      gland exceeds that of the blood. A parallel study of the distribution of the
      75SeO3- ion on the one hand of the 35S homolog of the 75Se compound on the other
      hand has demonstrated that the fixation by the pineal gland is bound to the
      molecular structure of the selenium compound.

PMID- 160830
TI  - [Role of platelets in arterial hypotension induced by arachidonic acid and in
      carrageenan induced edema in the rat].
AB  - When rat platelets are incubated in vitro in the presence of aspirin, the
      formation of malonaldehyde from arachidonic acid is inhibited. The production of
      malonaldehyde reflects the synthesis of prostaglandins and associated compounds.
      The same inhibition is found when the platelets originate from rats pretreated
      with aspirin. Small doses of aspirin are active in vitro and 10-20 mg/kg in vivo.
      This dosage of aspirin does not affect the hypotensive activity of arachidonic
      acid nor the oedematous properties of carrageenan in the rat. These two effects
      are thus independent from the prostaglandins formed in the platelets.

PMID- 160831
TI  - [Effect of oxamethacin and sulindac on prostaglandin synthesis].
AB  - 1. Indomethacin and oxamethacin reduce the formation of malonaldehyde from
      arachidonic acid by rat platelets in vitro. Sulindac has no influence on this
      formation. 2. Indomethacin, oxamethacin and sulindac inhibit the action of
      arachidonic acid on the rat stomach strips in vitro. 3. These three anti
      inflammatory drugs suppress the hypotensive activity of arachidonic acid in the
      rat in vivo. 4. The comparison of the inhibitory activities of these drugs in
      vivo and in vitro shows that sulindac is converted to a potent anti-prostaglandin
      synthetase metabolite and that a part of the action of oxamethacin depends on its
      conversion to indomethacin in the rat.

PMID- 160832
TI  - [Allergic reaction to topical drugs].
AB  - It is important to differentiate worsening of a cutaneous eruption following
      topical therapy from lack of response to the medication. A study to determine the
      origin of contact dermatitis secondary to topical therapy was conducted among 87
      patients with this kind of contact dermatitis. Sixteen patch tests with chemical
      compounds known to be allergenic were done. The following eight chemical
      compounds were responsible for 86.5% of the positive reactions observed:
      neomycin, ethylenediamine, mercury, benzocaine, iodochlorhydroxyquin, peruvian
      balsam, nitrofurazone and cinchocaine. More than half of the reactions were to
      neomycin, ethylenediamine and mercury. It is easier to diagnose this condition if
      one knows the composition of the topical medications one prescribes and the
      allergenic potency of their ingredients.

PMID- 160833
TI  - The dimensions of industrial disease. Part I.

PMID- 160834
TI  - Promoting child health: the work of the community health department and the
      International Year of the Child.

PMID- 160836
TI  - Continuous streptozotocin infusion: a phase I study.
AB  - Streptozotocin (STZ) has shown antitumor activity against various tumors in man,
      but the clinical usefulness of this drug has been limited, mainly because of
      renal and gastrointestinal toxicity. Nineteen patients with advanced cancer of
      various types were given a mean dose of 3.4 g/m2 of STZ by continuous iv infusion
      over 5-6 days each month for one or two monthly cycles. Basic serum and urine
      studies were performed immediately before and after each treatment cycle.
      Following STZ treatment, no significant changes in BUN or creatinine were seen.
      Four patients in whom initial tests for proteinuria were negative developed grade
      1 or 2+ proteinuria after completion of the treatment cycle. No myelosuppression
      or renal failure was observed. Six patients had no nausea or vomiting, seven
      patients had nausea only, three patients had nausea and vomiting which were well
      controlled with antiemetics, and three patients had uncontrollable nausea and
      vomiting. Confusion, lethargy, and depression were noted in five patients who had
      no prior central nervous system abnormalities; these effects appeared during
      treatment or in the immediate posttreatment period. Two patients with diffuse non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma had complete remission, while several other patients had
      documented improvement. Although central nervous system toxicity may be a
      limiting factor, prolonged STZ infusions may have significant clinical promise.

PMID- 160835
TI  - Treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with neocarzinostatin.
AB  - Neocarzinostatin (NCS) is a polypeptide antibiotic which has been shown to have
      antileukemic activity in Japanese trials. Twenty-two patients, who were in
      relapse with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia refractory to other agents, were
      studied with two dose schedules of NCS. Schedule 1, 2000-8000 units/m2/day by
      continuous infusion for 5-10 days, was given to 12 patients and schedule 2, 2000
      6000 units/m2/day by iv bolus every 8 hours, was given to ten patients. Clearing
      of peripheral blast cell was seen in nine of 12 patients treated with schedule 1
      and in four of ten patients treated with schedule 2. Bone marrow effect was
      variable and appeared to be dose-related. No unequivocal complete remissions were
      seen with either schedule. NCS perturbations of cycling bone marrow cells were
      studied in two patients receiving the drug by continuous infusion. Both of these
      patients showed G2 accumulation of marrow cells following treatment.
      Immunochemically detectable levels of drug were seen in three patients treated
      with continuous infusion. In summary, NCS has antileukemic effect in patients
      with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia refractory to other agents. However, its role
      in the therapy for acute leukemia required further evaluation.

PMID- 160837
TI  - "Adriamycin flare": a skin reaction resembling extravasation.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients were prospectively observed for the development
      of a local skin reaction to Adriamycin. A frequency of 3% was noted. "Adriamycin
      flare" is possibly an allergic reaction and could be confused with Adriamycin
      extravasation.

PMID- 160838
TI  - [Immunosupression by means of lenticular extract--an attempt (author's transl)].

PMID- 160839
TI  - [Fluorinated water in the aetiopathogenesis of dermatitis rosaceiformis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 160840
TI  - [Subacute myelo-optic neuritis].

PMID- 160841
TI  - [Immunity in Down's syndrome].

PMID- 160842
TI  - [Vacation camps for handicapped children].

PMID- 160843
TI  - Medicinal chemical studies on antiplasmin drugs. III. 4
      Aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid and its derivatives having a methyl group.

PMID- 160844
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of dracunculosis in the Podokwos of the Mandara mountains
      (northern Cameroon)].
AB  - The purpose of the present work is the study of the epidemiological aspects of
      dracontiasis in an endemic area in Cameroon. The study was undertaken in the
      central Podokwo settlement in Mora subdivision. It is a mountainous area with a
      climate characterized by a long dry season, from October to mid-May, and a short
      rainy season. Two seasonal, streams run across the settlement. The water supply
      of the community is ensured throughout the year by two well built wells. During
      the rainy season, shallow unprotected wells are the water sources of about 80% of
      the inhabitants. Among the 944 subjects studied in our sample, 251 had the
      disease, corresponding to a prevalence of 26 6%. There is no significant
      difference between both sexes in the prevalence of the disease in our study. The
      age group 13-26 years is most affected. The worm load varies from 1 to 5,
      averagely 1.5. As to the localization of the worms in the body, in 92.7% of cases
      the worms is located in the lower limbs, the feet alone representing up to 46.8%.
      Less common sites of localization are the head, the breast, the external
      genitalia. The maximum rate of infestation is observed between August and
      September. Desinfection of wells with chemicals would be recommended during this
      period of time.

PMID- 160845
TI  - Sound and the visually handicapped baby.
AB  - The part played by vision in learning to interpret both speech and environmental
      sounds and to localize the latter is discussed in the light of observations of
      the development of sighted and of blind babies. Subsequently, some suggestions of
      guidance strategies based on these observations, are put forward to help visually
      handicapped babies acquire localization skills. Preliminary experience using
      these techniques has been promising and they are being further developed and
      researched at The Wolfson Centre in London.

PMID- 160847
TI  - Mucopolysaccharides in osteochondrodysplasias.
AB  - Mucopolysaccharide (MPS) metabolism in cultured skin fibroblasts was studied in
      one case of each of the following osteochondrodysplasias: chondrodysplasia
      punctata of the rhizomelic type, thanatophoric dysplasia, campomelic dysplasia,
      and osteogenesis imperfecta congenita. Accumulation of both sulfated and non
      sulfated MPS, as well as secretion of total MPS, was normal in chondrodysplasia
      punctata of the rhizomelic type and in thanatophoric dysplasia. Accumulation of
      both sulfated and non-sulfated MPS was normal in campomelic dysplasia. Lastly,
      accumulation of sulfated MPS was normal in osteogenesis imperfecta congenita.

PMID- 160846
TI  - Intranasal ipratropium: a new treatment for perennial rhinitis.
AB  - Eighty micrograms of the topically active parasympatholytic ipratropium were
      applied intranasally 4 times a day to 20 adult patients with perennial rhinitis
      and severe watery rhinorrhoea in a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over
      trial. There was a significant reduction in nasal hypersecretion during
      ipratropium treatment. Fourteen patients preferred the ipratropium period, 3 the
      placebo period and 3 had no preference. There were no adverse systemic or local
      effects. Ipratropium was effective also in patients resistant to glucocorticoids,
      sodium cromoglycate and antihistaminics. As the drug works immediately it can
      also be used before exposure to known provocating factors. It is concluded that
      continuous use of this new medication is of value in the management of severe
      rhinorrhoea in patients with perennial rhinitis, and that the occasional use is
      helpful in subjects with infrequent attacks of nasal hypersecretion.

PMID- 160848
TI  - Down syndrome due to 21;21 translocation in a male twin.
AB  - A spontaneous 21;21 translocation resulting in features consistent with Down
      syndrome is reported in the first born of male fraternal twins. No history of
      twinning or chromosomal abnormalities in the family was noted. Any association
      between dizygous twinning and Down syndrome due to de novo translocation remains
      speculative until a sufficient pool of published data is available from study of
      such families.

PMID- 160849
TI  - Segregation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes according to their affinity for
      insolubilized histamine. Principal differences between males and females.
AB  - An attempt was made to investigate the possible existence of differences in the
      composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes between males and females. Using
      affinity chromatography of human peripheral mononuclear cells on insolubilized
      histamine together with staining by fluoresceinated histamine-rabbit serum
      albumin (HRSA) we revealed that males possess a significantly higher proportion
      of mononuclear cells which bind to HRSA. These results are also reflected in sex
      related differences in proliferative responses of the HRSA-non-adherent
      mononuclear cell population to T cell-dependent mitogens antigens and allogeneic
      mononuclear cells.

PMID- 160850
TI  - Functional studies on T cells in adult human bone marrow.
AB  - Bone marrow (BM) lymphocytes were obtained by sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation of the nucleated cells from adult human BM. BM was obtained from
      rib sections removed routinely during thoracotomy from thirteen patients with a
      localized lung tumour and from two other patients without tumour (mean age 47
      years). The percentage of T cells in BM was high (mean +/- s.d. 27% +/- 17) and
      increased with age. In eight cases, the function of isolated BM T cells was
      studied and compared to that of peripheral blood (PB) T cells. BM t cells showed
      poor helper activity for pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced Ig production by PB non-T
      cells, which did not appear to be due to excessive suppressor cell activity.
      Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced thymidine incorporation was only slightly
      decreased but peak values were only reached after 6 years, in contrast to 4 days
      for PB T cells. This delay did not seem to be due to a lack of monocytes. PHA,
      however, failed to induce cytotoxic activity in BM T cells. PWM-induced thymidine
      incorporation and responder capacity in the mixed lymphocyte reaction were also
      very poor. These results are interpreted as suggesting that many of the T cells
      in adult human marrow are immature.

PMID- 160852
TI  - Role of dialysis in the treatment of severe hypercalcemia: report of two cases
      successfully treated with hemodialysis and review of the literature.
AB  - The role of dialysis in the treatment of patients with severe hypercalcemia is
      uncertain. The fourteen previously reported cases of hypercalcemia treated with
      either peritoneal or hemodialysis have been reviewed. Two additional patients
      treated with hemodialysis are described in this report. Because the use of large
      volumes of intravenous fluids was contraindicated, each of the patients received
      a low calcium bath (0-1 mEq calcium per liter) hemodialysis for three and a half
      hours. After dialysis, the serum calcium fell to normal in both and remained
      normal thereafter with treatment of the underlying disease (multiple myeloma in
      one and vitamin D intoxication in the other). Hemodialysis can clear up to 682 mg
      of calcium per hour as compared to 124 mg per hour for peritoneal dialysis and 82
      mg per hour with forced saline diuresis. Low calcium bath hemodialysis is
      indicated when the presence of renal and/or cardiac failure prevents the
      administration of large volumes of intravenous fluids to hypercalcemic patients.

PMID- 160851
TI  - Activation of human lymphocytes by supernatants from human thymic epithelium.
AB  - Supernatants from human thymic epithelial cells (TS) were found to have a
      mitogenic effect on cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and to
      potentiate their responses to lectins. This was not observed with culture
      supernatants from the human cell lines AV-3 and HeLa or from the murine cell line
      L-929. The maximum potentiating effects were observed with pokeweed mitogen (PWM)
      and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), whereas the response to concanavalin A (Con A) was
      only slightly enhanced. TS also potentiated the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)
      response of normal T cells and thymocytes cultured with mitomycin C-treated B
      lymphoid cell lines. The mitogenic effect of TS was time-dependent and paralleled
      the appearance of lymphoid colonies in semi-solid agar. Chromatographical
      separation of concentrated serum-free TS on Sephadex G-100 yielded an active
      fraction of molecular weight 15,000--25,000 which had all the activities of
      unseparated TS.

PMID- 160854
TI  - Contact allergy to hydrocortisone 17-butyrate.
AB  - Two female patients with stasis dermatitis developed allergic contact dermatitis
      to hydrocortisone 17-butyrate cream. Patch tests with hydrocortisone 17-butyrate
      were positive, but not with the vehicle. One patient was also allergic to two
      other commerical corticosteroids, but patch tests revealed positive reactions
      only to ingredients of the vehicles. Attention is drawn to the frequency of
      contact allergy to corticosteroids in patients with stasis dermatitis.

PMID- 160853
TI  - [Methynil phenazine-propyphenazone combination in the treatment of rheumatic
      joint diseases].

PMID- 160855
TI  - Dimethylthiourea, an unexpected hazard for textile workers.
AB  - Our patient was a 24-year-old female textile cutter who had a conjunctivitis and
      an erythematous itching dermatitis of the eyelids, nasal mucous membranes, and
      the corners of the mouth. The patch tests with the standard series and a
      pharmaceutical test battery were negative. Further epicutaneous testing revealed
      a strong positive reaction to the textile cutting patterns she handled, which
      were duplicated by diazo processing. Specifically, the contact dermatitis
      reaction was caused by dimethylthiourea, an additive in diazo-sensitized paper.

PMID- 160856
TI  - Nickel, cobalt and chromium sensitivity in patients with pompholyx (dyshidrotic
      eczema).
AB  - Sixteen patients with negative routine patch tests were challenged orally in a
      controlled trial with 2.5 mg nickel, 1 mg cobalt, and 2.5 mg chromium given as
      salts of the respective metals. All of the patients had symmetrical, vesicular
      hand dermatitis and in some cases also foot involvement. The dermatitis of two
      patients flared after challenge with cobalt; in two patients flare occurred
      following chromate ingestion. Prior to the oral challenge all the patients were
      patch tested with nickel sulphate, cobalt chloride and potassium dichromate after
      adhesive tape stripping. Solutions of the same metal salts were used for
      intradermal testing. The intradermal test sites were read after 20 minutes and 48
      hours, the patch tests after 48 h. Skin test reactivity correlated poorly to the
      results of the oral challenge, possibly due to nonspecific skin test reactivity.
      It is concluded that oral challenge is a valuable adjunctive diagnostic procedure
      in patients with pompholyx who have negative routine patch tests.

PMID- 160857
TI  - Contact allergy caused by UV-cured acrylates.

PMID- 160858
TI  - Release of nickel by permanent wave liquids, shown by the dimethylglyoxime test.

PMID- 160859
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from volatile epoxy hardeners and reactive diluents.

PMID- 160860
TI  - The probability of side effects with ovral, norinyl 1/50 and norlestrin.
AB  - This report provides specific information on the prevalence rates of the most
      common side effects during the first 3 cycles of use of 3 combination oral
      contraceptives (OCs) containing 50 mcg estrogen. The probabilities of a symptom
      occurring for the first time, or persisting once present, during the initial
      cycles of OC use are given for each of the 3 combined OCs.

PMID- 160861
TI  - Macroscopic and microscopic studies of fallopian tube after laparoscopic
      sterilization.
AB  - Histological study was carried out on human fallopian tubes one hour and one
      month after various methods of laparoscopic sterilization. Ciliated cells were
      counted and histological lesions were observed. Deciliation is proved at a
      distance from the site of sterilization. Taking into account these two data, it
      has been possible to display the substance loss provoked by each of the usual
      sterilization methods (unipolar electro-coagulation, bipolar electrocoagulation,
      silicone ring and Hulka-Clements clip) which have to be taken into consideration
      in case of surgical re-anastomosis.

PMID- 160862
TI  - Use of cofactors in inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.

PMID- 160863
TI  - Phosphofructokinase: structure and function.

PMID- 160864
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of the Hurler syndrome.

PMID- 160865
TI  - [Possibilities of dental treatment for mentally retarded children].

PMID- 160867
TI  - [Normal structure and histochemistry of muscle].

PMID- 160866
TI  - Role of serotonin in tolerance to ethanol and barbiturates: evidence for a
      specific vs. non-specific concept of tolerance.
AB  - The results of our recent investigations have suggested that tolerance and cross
      tolerance development to motor-impairing and hypothermic effects of ethanol was
      slowed when brain serotonin (5-HT) was extensively depleted by treatment with p
      chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA). These findings have been extended by the observation
      that p-PCA also slowed the development of tolerance to motor-impairing effects of
      barbital whether tolerance was tested repeatedly in the same animal or in
      separate subgroups being tested only once. Additional support was provided by the
      demonstration that intracerebral injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (-DHT),
      which is known to deplete 5-HT markedly, also slowed the development of tolerance
      to motor-impairing and hypothermic effects of ethanol. In addition, when brain 5
      HT level was elevated by administration of L-tryptophan, the rate of tolerance
      development to ethanol, as measured by motor impairment and hypothermia, was
      accelerated. In contrast to 5,7-DHT, intracerebral injection of 5,6-DHT was
      surprisingly found to accelerate the development of tolerance to ethanol. Upon
      further investigation, however, it was determined that the 5,6-DHT treatment
      depleted brain 5-HT levels by only 20% and, in addition, resulted in the
      development of supersensitivity.  These results further confirm and extend the
      generality of our observations that 5-HT may be involved in the development of
      tolerance and cross-tolerance to sedatives. The possibility of a non-specific vs.
      specific effect of the serotoninergic system (as well as other aminergic systems)
      in tolerance and neuroplasticity deserves further investigation. The possible
      significance of these findings and the role of 5-HT (and noradrenaline) in the
      mechanism of tolerance are discussed in terms of analogy to enzyme or receptor
      mechanism.

PMID- 160868
TI  - Down syndrome: prevalence at birth, mortality and survival. A 17-year study.
AB  - Analysis of comprehensive records over a period of 15 yr permits calculation of
      the total prevalence of Down Syndrome in an industrial city. The prevalence at
      birth is shown to have fallen from 1.70 per 1000 births in the period 1961--65 to
      0.84 per 1000 births in 1971--75. The fall in prevalence can be shown to be
      largely due to a change in distribution of maternal age. An earlier increase in
      the number of Down Syndrome children is shown to reflect a greatly improved
      survival in the first 5 yr of life to a continuing level of 81%. The number of
      Down Syndrome children is unlikely to increase much even with increase of birth
      rate unless older mothers have further pregnancies. For these reasons the
      policies of amniocentesis of older women and termination of affected pregnancies
      will have progressively less effect on the number of affected children if this
      demographic trend continues. A further effect is that special schools will have a
      proportionately greater burden as the younger children being admitted have less
      prospect of development and may be more demanding of staff than Down Syndrome
      children.

PMID- 160869
TI  - The epidemiology of severe mental handicap.
AB  - Prevalence studies of severe mental handicap in an industrial area in the North
      West area of the United Kingdom have shown a marked increase between 1961 and
      1977, with the hint of a reduction in the most recent years. Further analysis of
      causes of severe mental handicap shows that the prevalence of Down Syndrome is
      decreasing, certain causes remain constant in prevalence, and perinatal metabolic
      causes are shown to be increasing through a period of 15 yr ending in 1975. While
      improved survival of children influences the total prevalence, high mortality in
      some conditions makes the analysis of prevalence at birth more significant in
      considering changes in the pattern of aetiology. These studies are fundamental to
      the formulation of policies of prevention of severe mental handicap, whether
      these be social or dependent solely on health care services.

PMID- 160870
TI  - Effect of calcitonin on Ca-ATPase activity of plasma membrane in liver of rats.
AB  - The effect of calcitonin (CT) on Ca-ATPase activity in the plasma membrane
      fraction of rat liver was investigated. CT (80 MRC mU/100 g BW) administered
      subcutaneously to rats, caused a significant decrease in serum calcium, while
      increasing liver calcium. The administration of CT produced a rapid decrease of
      Ca-ATPase activity in the plasma membrane fraction of liver, whereas CT did not
      cause a significant alteration of p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity. The maximal
      response of CT was obtained with 80 MRC mU/100 g BW. Meanwhile, the
      administration of imidazole (30 mg/100 g BW) which has a hypocalcemic effect,
      like CT, produced a significant increase in liver calcium and a corresponding
      fall in Ca-ATPase activity of the plasma membrane fraction. The reduction of Ca
      ATPase activity produced by imidazole was significantly potentiated by the
      simultaneous administration of CT, and the rise in liver calcium was enhanced
      slightly. The present results suggest that the action of CT on liver calcium
      involves the decrease of Ca-ATPase activity in the plasma membrane of rat liver.

PMID- 160871
TI  - Glycosyltransferases in metastasizing and non-metastasizing rat mammary tumors
      and the release of these enzymes in the host sera.

PMID- 160872
TI  - [Establishment of a colony of Japanese white rabbits free from coccidia and their
      breeding performance (author's transl)].
AB  - A colony of rabbits free from coccidia was established in 1974 by weaning young
      at 25 days of age from dams infected with coccidia. Until now Bordetella,
      Pasteurella and Psoroptes cuniculi have not been detected either, and neither
      diarrhea nor death has occurred in weanlings of the colony. However, the
      mortality of sucklings was significantly high owing to cannibalism and tread by
      their dams. The weaning rate was effectively improved by use of a large nursing
      cage (3,100 cm2) and sterilized hay on a stainless steel mesh floor of the
      nursing cage.

PMID- 160873
TI  - [Model for the objective evaluation of antimycotic topical agents].

PMID- 160874
TI  - [Comparative studies of Mycosolon, miconazole and depersolone ointments in a
      double-blind test].

PMID- 160875
TI  - The effect of a laboratory environment on graft rejection in Lacerta viridis, the
      European green lizard.

PMID- 160876
TI  - [Use of the antibody neutralization test to study water].

PMID- 160877
TI  - [Relationship between the concentration of several microelements in plant
      products and herbicide use in the Tadzhik SSR].

PMID- 160878
TI  - [Distribution of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus parasitizing Pseudomonas fluorescens
      and Serratia marcescens in river water].

PMID- 160879
TI  - [Energy allowance of workers engaged in assembly-line automobile work].

PMID- 160880
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the degree of body stress in healthy workers and in
      persons with a lowered work capacity performing fitting-assembly and lathe
      operations].

PMID- 160881
TI  - [Dynamics of the length of work service in specific and nonspecific disorders
      from noise and vibration body exposure of weavers].

PMID- 160882
TI  - [Working conditions and the morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity among
      workers in forestry enterprises].

PMID- 160883
TI  - [Assessment of the work stress of masters on the Raketa motorship during a
      voyage].

PMID- 160885
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities (author's transl)].

PMID- 160884
TI  - [Various biochemical characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid in infantile
      hydrocephalus].

PMID- 160886
TI  - [Induction of tolerance by the intrathymic injection of antigen in mice (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Immunological tolerance can be easily introduced in mice by a direct injection of
      antigen into the thymus. Comparing the efficiency of tolerance induction by
      intrathymic injection of antigen with that by intravenous one, the former has
      proved to be far more superior than the latter, and the state of tolerance
      brought about by the former was more complete than that by the latter. One of the
      reasons why the intrathymic injection of antigen is an useful means for tolerance
      induction is considered to be ascribable to the appearance of large amount of
      suppressor T cells stimulated by the direct contact of antigen and thymocytes,
      the evidence of which being shown in the present study.

PMID- 160887
TI  - Herpetic keratitis in athymic (nude) mice.
AB  - The inflammatory response to herpes simplex virus infection of the cornea was
      studied in athymic nude (nu/nu) and heterozygote (nu/+) BALB/c mice. Although
      athymic mice were highly susceptible to HSV infection and died 13 to 17 days
      after corneal inoculation, they failed to develop necrotizing keratitis of the
      cornea. Heterozygote mice survived the initial virual infection, but many of
      these mice developed necrotizing keratitis and permanent corneal scarring. Light
      and electron microscopy showed numerous inflammatory cells (polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes and lymphocytes) in the corneas of heterozygote mice, but not in the
      athymic mice. These studies suggest that the immune system plays a dual role in
      herpes simplex virus infection of the cornea: protection against dissemination of
      the virus and immunopathogenesis of necrotizing keratitis in the cornea.

PMID- 160888
TI  - Susceptibility to adjuvant-induced arthritis among germfree, specific-pathogen
      free, and conventional rats.
AB  - Germfree F344 rats developed severe arthritis with 100% incidence after a single
      intradermal inection of either squalane containing 0.5 mg of heat-killed
      Mycobacterium bovis BCG or a water-in-oil emulsion containing 0.2 mg of
      peptidoglycan derived from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conventional F344 rats
      developed less-severe arthritis with 20% incidence for heat-killed BCG and 0%
      incidence for peptidoglycan. Specific-pathogen-free rats showed an intermediate
      susceptibility between germfree and conventional rats. Interestingly, both
      unimmunized specific-pathogen-free and conventional rats. but not unimmunized
      germfree rats, showed weak delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to
      peptidoglycans derived from either S. epidermidis or Lactobacillus plantarum,
      suggesting that a bacterial flora may furnish a stimulus for induction of cell
      mediated immunity to ubiquitous bacterial peptidoglycans. It is thus possible
      that although a bacterial flora is not necessary for development of adjuvant
      arthritis, it may have some suppressive effect on the development of the disease
      in specific-pathogen-free and conventional F344 rats, possibly through modulation
      of the immune response.

PMID- 160889
TI  - Comparison of natural killer cells induced by Kunjin virus and Corynebacterium
      parvum with those occurring naturally in nude mice.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cells are rapidly elicited in the spleen and peritoneal
      cavity of mice inoculated intravenously or intraperitoneally with live Kunjin
      virus, and more slowly in the peritoneal cavity of mice inoculated
      intraperitoneally with Formalin-inactivated Corynebacterium parvum. NK cells
      induced by either agent display cytotoxicity for a similar spectrum of syngeneic,
      allogeneic, and xenogeneic cultured cell lines. By contrast, the cells occurring
      naturally in the spleen of congenitally athymic (nude) mice show substantially
      lower NK activity and are cytotoxic for a more restricted range of target cell
      lines. The distinction suggests that there may be more than one type of NK cell
      or that activation enhances the cytotoxicity and perhaps broadens the range of
      target specificity of endogenous NK cells.

PMID- 160890
TI  - Chemical analysis of changes in membrane composition during growth of
      Streptococcus pyogenes.
AB  - Changes in the structural components of the Streptococcus pyogenes membrane
      between exponential and early stationary phases of growth are reported. The
      overall protein composition ranged from 70 to 73% of the dry weight of the
      membranes, irrespective of the phase of growth from which they were isolated.
      Amino acid analyses of membranes isolated from streptococci in either the
      exponential or stationary phase of growth demonstrated that two amino acids,
      cysteine and tryptophan, were absent. Further analysis of the membrane proteins
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
      demonstrated that there were proteins unique to a particular phase of growth as
      well as differences in the amount of specific proteins from the various growth
      phases. In addition, membranes isolated from exponential-phase cultures contained
      a higher percentage of peripheral protein than did stationary-phase membranes.
      There also appeared to be an increase in the amount of outer surface proteins
      during this growth phase. The phosphorus content of the membranes increased
      during the stationary phase of growth, whereas the sugar composition remained
      constant. The only sugar found under various conditions of growth in any of the
      strains was glucose. Total fatty acid content and the mole percent composition of
      various fatty acids did not change in the different phases of growth. However,
      the mole percent composition of fatty acids in the membranes of various group A
      streptococci did differ between strains. Therefore, these results provide
      evidence that the composition of membranes of S. pyogenes does not remain
      constant throughout the growth phases of the culture.

PMID- 160891
TI  - Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes membrane.
AB  - The antigenic composition and molecular structure of the plasma membrane of
      Streptococcus pyogenes (group A; M type 6) were studied by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis (XIE) and other related quantitative immunoelectrophoretic
      techniques. After establishment of a reference pattern of 29 immunoprecipitates,
      the relative differences in amounts of individual antigens contained in membranes
      isolated from cells that were harvested during the exponential or stationary
      phase of growth were examined. Relative increases and decreases in amounts of
      individual antigens were estimated from the areas subtended by immunoprecipitates
      after XIE of Triton X-100 extracts. The asymmetric distribution of antigens on
      the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane was established in absorption
      experiments with intact, stable protoplasts. Of the 29 immunoprecipitates, 8
      appeared to contain antigens exposed on the outer surface of the membrane,
      whereas 11 appeared to contain antigens either located on the inner surface or
      unexposed. Six antigens appeared to have limited exposure on the outer surface,
      and four others remain to be assigned. Certain immunoprecipitates were
      characterized with respect to enzymatic activity or interaction with the lectin
      concanavalin A. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (EC
      1.6.99.3), adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3), and polynucleotide
      phosphorylase (EC 2.3.7.8) were demonstrated by zymogram techniques. The latter
      two activities were present within the same immunoprecipitate, suggesting the
      occurrence of a multienzyme complex. In addition, the areas under the
      immunoprecipitates containing the three enzymatic activities were not affected by
      absorption of antimembrane immunoglobulin with intact protoplasts and thus
      appeared to be located on the inner surface of the membrane. The results from
      absorption experiments also suggested that the exposure of outer protoplast
      surface antigens was greater on protoplasts from exponential-phase cells than on
      those from stationary-phase cells, even when found in increased amounts in the
      latter.

PMID- 160892
TI  - Novel iron uptake system specified by ColV plasmids: an important component in
      the virulence of invasive strains of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The enhanced virulence of invasive strains of Escherichia coli carrying ColV
      plasmids was shown to be due to a novel plasmid-mediated iron uptake system.
      Possession of a ColV plasmid conferred strong selective advantage on the host
      bacterial strain in experimental infections unless excess iron was administered
      in the inoculum. Moreover, supplementation of defined minimal medium with
      transferrin to complex available iron caused marked limitation of the growth of
      plasmid-free strains but had no effect on strains carrying a ColV plasmid. The
      activity of an efficient iron uptake process was clearly shown by experiments
      with a mutant of E. coli deficient in enterochelin biosynthesis. Although the
      mutant was dependent on the presence of citrate in the growth medium to
      facilitate iron transport, colicinogenic derivatives did not require added
      citrate for growth. Radioactive iron was shown to be taken up rapidly by
      nongrowing cells of the plasmid-carrying strain. Furthermore, it was observed
      that repression of the synthesis of specific outer membrane proteins normally
      induced by conditions of iron deficit was maintained after a shift of the
      colicinogenic strains from a rich medium to a medium low in iron. The ColV
      plasmid-mediated iron uptake system was independent of the active iron transport
      mechanisms known in E. coli, but like them it required tonB activity as a source
      of energy.

PMID- 160894
TI  - Establishment and characterization of human B-lymphocytic lymphoma cell lines
      (BALM-3, -4 and -5); intraclonal variation in the B-cell differentiation stage.
AB  - This study describes the establishment of three non-Burkitt B-lymphoma cell lines
      (BALM-3, BALM-4 and BALM-5) originating from the pleural effusion of a patient
      with a poorly differentiated diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma. The cells of BALM-3, 
      4 and -5 exhibited a number of properties which distinguish them from the usual B
      cell type lymphoblastoid cell lines. Thus, they lacked the Epstein-Barr virus
      genome and had abnormal chromosome constitutions including a 14q+ marker. The
      presence of the identical surface immunoglobulin isotypes (gamma and chi chain
      determinants), and Ia-like B-cell-associated antigen in the cultured cells and in
      the "fresh" lymphoma cells in vivo was demonstrated. These findings strongly
      suggested that these cell lines have B-cell characteristics and were derived from
      the original tumor cell population. BALM-5 cells, however, showed somewhat
      different growth, cell surface marker profile and functional characteristics
      compared to those of BALM-3, and -4 cells. These variations suggest that the BALM
      5 cells were probably at different stages of B-cell maturation than those of BALM
      3 and -4, even though all three cell lines (established in three separate flasks)
      originated from the cells of the same pleural effusion of a lymphoma with
      monoclonal B-cell characteristics.

PMID- 160893
TI  - Models for study of the specificity by which indigenous lactobacilli adhere to
      murine gastric epithelia.
AB  - A Lactobacillus strain isolated from a mouse (indigenous) and another strain
      isolated from swine feces (nonindigenous) were compared in two model systems for
      their ability to adhere in vitro and in vivo to keratinizing squamous and
      columnar epithelia of mouse stomachs. In one model, stomachs dissected from
      specific-pathogen-free or germfree mice were injected with suspensions of
      lactobacilli labeled with [(3)H]thymidine and incubated at 37 degrees C.
      Thereafter, the non-secreting and secreting tissues were separated and washed
      vigorously. The radioactivity remaining with each tissue was counted by liquid
      scintillation spectrometry. When the radioactivity remaining with these tissues
      ranged between 500 and 100,000 cpm, the calculated radioactivity (disintegrations
      per minute) was related linearly to the number of lactobacilli adhering to the
      tissue. The estimate of the number of bacteria adherent to the tissue was not
      influenced significantly by artifacts in the techniques used. In this model, both
      Lactobacillus strains adhered in equally high numbers to both types of epithelial
      surfaces from stomachs from germfree mice. In contrast, in the second model, in
      which germfree mice were monoassociated with one or the other of the
      Lactobacillus strains, only the strain indigenous to the mouse formed dense
      layers on the epithelia of the nonsecreting portions of the stomachs, although
      both strains maintained high population levels throughout the gastrointestinal
      tracts of the animals. The capacity to adhere to the mucosal surface is
      undoubtedly necessary for lactobacilli to colonize gastric epithelia in mice. Our
      findings suggest, however, that nutritional or environmental conditions dictate
      whether particular Lactobacillus strains can colonize particular surfaces in the
      stomachs of living animals.

PMID- 160895
TI  - Suppressor cell activity of lymphocytes infiltrating human lung and breast
      tumours.

PMID- 160896
TI  - Suppression of T cell-mediated immunity by tumor cells: immunogenicity versus
      immunosuppression and preliminary characterization of the suppressive factors.
AB  - In studying the immunogenicity of spleen cells and tumor cells in the generation,
      of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)
      or mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC) reactions, we have found that the
      tumor cells not only appear to be poorly immunogenic, but are also
      immunosuppressive. This was shown by the ability of the tumor cells or their cell
      free extracts to suppress standard MLC reactions. This suppression was acting
      mainly at the induction phase of the cytotoxic response. It could not interfere
      with the killing activity of the fully generated CTLs. In a Friend virus-induced
      leukemia FBL-3 system, at least two major components could be attributed to the
      cause of immunosuppression; one was of viral origin and the other was of non
      viral origin. The viral component was sensitive to UV-irradiation and could be
      pelleted after ultracentrifugation at 100,000 g. The non-viral component was UV
      resistant and was retained in the supernatant fraction after ultracentrifugation.
      Friend virus and 12 commonly found murine viruses have been excluded as the
      possible candidates causing the immunosuppression. The immunosuppressive viruses
      are very likely of endogenous origin and are defective in replication as shown by
      electromicroscopy, and by the virus focus-inducing and reverse transcriptase
      assays. These findings indicate that probably all tumor cells possess the
      immunosuppressive factor(s) which may account for their apparent lack of
      immunogenicity and the lack of proper immune responses in the tumor-bearing
      hosts.

PMID- 160897
TI  - Fixed drug eruption: a lesson in drug usage.
AB  - Fixed drug eruption, a common finding in Lagos, was observed among patients being
      treated with two heavily promoted drugs: a pyrazolone analgesic and a
      benzodiazepine. Offending drugs should be considered in general classes rather
      than as individual compounds.

PMID- 160898
TI  - New videodensitometric method for measuring renal artery blood flow at routine
      arteriography: validation in the canine model.
AB  - A contrast medium was injected in the aortic arch and selectively in a renal
      artery to estimate the renal blood flow as a percentage of the cardiac output by
      the videodensitometric (VD) method. Twenty-six paired VD measurements in four
      mongrel dogs were obtained and the results compared to electromagnetic (EM) flow
      readings from the aortic arch and a renal artery. The relative renal blood flow
      estimated by the VD method averaged 9.1% and correlated with the EM flow average
      of 9.6% with r = 0.96. Previous in vitro investigations of relative flow in a
      model have now been validated in vivo. These results suggest that
      videodensitometry could be a clinical tool for measuring renal blood flow in
      conjunction with routine arteriography.

PMID- 160899
TI  - Denying the rights of the retarded: the Phillip Becker case.

PMID- 160900
TI  - Developing services for handicapped children under five in the Forres area.

PMID- 160901
TI  - Changes of the peripheral lymphocyte population following radiation therapy to
      extended and limited fields.

PMID- 160902
TI  - On stringent procedures and scientific methodology in the audiometric clinic.

PMID- 160903
TI  - Renal transplantation: an update.

PMID- 160904
TI  - The stroke problem.

PMID- 160905
TI  - Medical Grand Rounds: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Acute aortic
      insufficiency.

PMID- 160906
TI  - Chondromalacia patellae.

PMID- 160907
TI  - Myasthenia gravis and immunity.

PMID- 160908
TI  - Semiautomated method for niacin and niacinamide in food products: collaborative
      study.
AB  - A collaborative study was conducted comparing a semiautomated colorimetric niacin
      method with a manual colorimetric and a microbiological method for 10 food
      products. Seven laboratories used the microbiological method, 7 laboratories used
      the manual colorimetric method, and 6 laboratories used the semiautomated method.
      The semiautomated method was more repeatable within a laboratory and more
      reproducible between laboratories than was either of the other methods. The
      semiautomated method results compared favorably with both the microbiological and
      manual colorimetric method results.

PMID- 160909
TI  - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of ochratoxin A and
      zearalenone in cereals.
AB  - A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for
      determining ochratoxin A and zearalenone in cereals. The sample is extracted with
      phosphoric acid and chloroform. The extract is cleaned by washing on a silica gel
      column with cyclohexane-ethylene dichloride-ethyl ether. After eluting
      zearalenone with chloroform, ochratoxin A is eluted with chloroform-formic acid.
      Zearalenone is extracted into alkaline solution, washed with chloroform, the pH
      is adjusted, and the zearalenone is extracted back into chloroform. Ochratoxin A
      is purified by chromatography on aqueous sodium biarbonate-Celite. The mycotoxins
      are determined by using a liquid chromatograph with 2 columns in series packed
      with Spherisorb ODS 10 micrometer and 5 micrometers, respectively. Ochratoxin A
      is detected with a speftrophotofluorometer, coupled in series with an ultra
      violet detector for estimation of zearalenone. Detection limits are 1-5
      micrograms/kg for ochratoxin A and 2 micrograms/kg for zearalenone.

PMID- 160910
TI  - Heavy meromyosin from skipjack tuna, Euthynus pelamis. Preparation and enzymic
      properties.
AB  - A method was developed to obtain heavy meromyosin (HMM) from the tryptic digest
      of skipjack tuna dorsal myosin. The tuna HMM thus obtained was shown to be
      homogeneous on gel filtration-gel electrophoresis, and on ultracentrifugation.
      The sedimentation constant (S20,w) was estimated to be 6.1S for tuna HMM. The
      ATPase activity of tuna dorsal HMM was found to be very similar to that of rabbit
      skeletal HMM in many respects: KCl concentration dependence, pH dependence,
      effect of pCMB, kinetic parameters (Vmax and Ka) in actin activation, and
      Arrhenius activation energy. The only difference found between tuna HMM and
      rabbit HMM was in heat denaturation behavior: the ATPase activities of tuna HMM
      were approximately four times as sensitive to heat inactivation as those of
      rabbit HMM. Thus, tuna HMM should represent a good experimental material for
      investigations of the molecular basis of susceptibility to denaturation, and of
      the characteristics of fish myosins in general. A new type of heat denaturation
      of myosin was observed. It occurred in a very early stage of heat treatment of
      either tuna dorsal myosin or rabbit skeletal myosin; however, it did not occur
      upon heat treatment of HMM of either tuna or rabbit, and it was detectable in
      terms of the Mg-ATPase activity only when the activity was measured in the
      presence of untreated actin.

PMID- 160912
TI  - Nature of adenosine triphosphatase accelerating peptide from hydrolysate of fur
      seal muscle.
AB  - Ultrafiltered fur seal muscle hydrolysate was divided into eleven fractions by
      gel filtration on Sephadex G-15. One of the fractions (Fraction G9) accelerated
      the ATPase activity of carp myosin B to a rate about two-fold faster than that of
      the control. Fraction G9 showed a single ninhydrin spot in its silica gel thin
      layer chromatograph, and gave a positive test for tryptophan by the p
      dimethylaminobenzaldehyde method, while tests for tyrosine, and for arginine were
      negative. The ion exchange amino acid analysis of its acid hydrolysate showed a
      predominant content of lysine, nearly equivalent to the amount of tryptophan
      determined from its UV absorbancy and the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde method. The
      N-terminal amino acid analysis gave di-DNP-Lys as the sole DNP-amino acid. The
      structure of the ATPase accelerating peptide fraction, Fraction G9, was deduced
      to be Lys-Trp.

PMID- 160911
TI  - Myosin-linked calcium regulation in squid mantle muscle. Light-chain components
      of squid myosin.
AB  - As reported by Kendrick-Jones et al. (1976), myosin from squid mantle muscle
      contains two types of light-chain components, different in size but similar in
      net charge. We were able to separate the two types of light chains by a five-step
      procedure, yielding LC-1 (17,000 daltons) and LC-2 (15,000 daltons). It was found
      that squid mantle LC-1 and LC-2 function exactly like SH-light chains and EDTA
      light chains of scallop adductor myosin, respectively. In functional tests, we
      used "desensitized" myosin of scallop adductor muscle, simply because "EDTA
      washing" removed neither LC-1 nor LC-2 from squid mantle myosin. The removal and
      recombination of light chains were examined by gel electrophoresis, and Ca or Sr
      sensitivity was determined by measuring the Mg-ATPase activity of skeletal acto
      scallop or squid myosin. It was found that EDTA washing readily released the EDTA
      light chains of scallop myosin completely, and that the EDTA-washed scallop
      myosin was capable of regaining its full content of EDTA-LC as well as its full
      sensitivity to calcium. We also found that as regards combining with, and
      conferring calcium sensitivity on the EDTA-washed myosin of scallop adductor,
      squid mantle LC-2 could effectively replace scallop adductor EDTA-LC. In
      addition, calcium or strontium ions were found to induce changes in the UV
      absorption spectrum of scallop adductor EDTA-LC, although the apparent binding
      constants estimated from the difference spectrum were too low to account for the
      Ca or Sr sensitivity of scallop actomyosin-ATPase. The divalent cations also
      induced changes in the UV absorption spectrum of squid LC-2, and the apparent
      binding constants estimated from the difference spectrum were sufficiently high
      (1.5 X 10(5) M-1 for Ca binding, and 1.6 X 10(3) M-1 for Sr binding) to account
      for the Ca and Sr sensitivities of squid mantle myosin B-ATPase. The findings
      with scallop adductor myosin are in conflict with those reported by Kendrick
      Jones et al., and must be accounted for in formulating the molecular mechanism of
      myosin-linked calcium regulation in molluscan muscles.

PMID- 160913
TI  - Interaction of myosin subfragment-1 with actin. III. Effect of cleavage of the
      subfragment-1 heavy chain on its interaction with actin.
AB  - To determine the reason why the Mg2+-ATPase activity of subfragment-1 prepared
      with chymotrypsin was activated more by actin than that of subfragment-1 prepared
      with trypsin was and the reason why the former could enhance the polymerization
      of actin and the latter could not, we digested subfragment-1, prepared with
      chymotrypsin, with trypsin and examined the actin activated Mg2+-ATPase activity
      and the ability to polymerize actin. It was found that cleavage of the heavy
      chain decreased the actin activated Mg2+-ATPase activity of subfragment-1
      prepared with chymotrypsin but did not affect its ability to polymerize actin.
      Trypsin attacked the subfragment-1 heavy chain at two sites and produced 26 K, 50
      K, and 21 K fragments. From the comparison of the time course of tryptic
      digestion with that of the decrease in actin activation, it was deduced that
      cleavage of the 50 K-21 K junction was mainly responsible for the decrease in
      actin activation. We also measured the length and the amount of F-actin
      polymerized by the addition of different amounts of subfragment-1. It was found
      that the amount of F-actin increased with the increase in the amount of
      subfragment-1 added and that the length of F-actin also increased though
      slightly. We concluded from the results that subfragment-1 enhanced the
      polymerization not only by facilitating the nucleus formation but also by
      strengthening the bond between actin monomers in forming F-actin.

PMID- 160914
TI  - Induction of enzyme-altered islands in rat liver by tryptophan pyrolysis
      products.
AB  - Two new gamma-carboline derivatives, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H pyrido[4,3-b]indole
      (Trp-P-1) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), isolated from
      the pyrolysis products of tryptophan, were found to be potent mutagens. When
      weanling rats were injected with Trp-P-1 and then given diet containing
      phenobarbital, they developed enzyme-altered islands in the liver. Since these
      islands are considered to be formed by immediate progeny of "initiated cells" and
      cell precursors in hepatocarcinogenesis, Trp-P-1 may well be carcinogenic in rat
      liver.

PMID- 160915
TI  - Activities of four glycolytic enzymes (HK, PFK, PK, and LDH) and isozymic pattern
      of LDH in mouse lung tumor induced by urethan.
AB  - In the lungs of CFLP mice the activities of glycolytic key enzymes (HK, PFK, PK)
      and LDH as well as LDH isozymic pattern change in the course of life. The
      activities of these glycolytic enzymes in the lung tumors induced by urethan in
      CFLP mice are significantly higher than those in the normal adult lung and they
      are similar to those in the normal fetal lung. The isozymic pattern of LDH of
      pulmonary adenomas resembles that of the normal fetal lung, too.

PMID- 160916
TI  - An improved and easy technique for polyamine determination in biological samples.
      Application to cell-free system from hypertrophied rat heart.
AB  - An accurate, improved cation-exchange chromatographic method using o
      phthalaldehyde and ultraviolet detection at 280 nm for the determination of free
      polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) has been developed. Different
      samples, such as the 105,000 g supernatant of reticulocyte or heart muscle, and
      KCl ribosomal wash containing initiation factors, can be analysed. The minor
      modification of reagents results in a good precision and sensitivity, which is
      demonstrated by a relative standard deviation of 5--9% and recoveries of 98%.
      This technique is of particular interest because it allows polyamine
      determination in biological samples with high concentrations of salt.

PMID- 160917
TI  - Direct urinary assay method for N1-methylnicotinamide by soap chromatography.

PMID- 160918
TI  - Colonization and infection of newborn infants caused by bacteriophage-group II
      Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AB  - A staphylococcal strain which exhibited weak lytic reaction with group II phages
      was isolated from a newborn infant with a skin infection. Subsequent
      investigations established that this weakly reacting strain was responsible for
      an endemic level of infection and colonization within the hospital nursery. The
      use of consistently appearing weak lytic reactions in the evaluation of this
      episode is described.

PMID- 160919
TI  - The edema of fiddler's neck.
AB  - Fiddler's neck is a dermatosis of violinists and violists. It characteristically
      presents as focal lichenification and pigmentation on the left side of the neck.
      Edema may also occur in the same area and lead to cosmetic concern or fear of
      malignancy. The edema apparently results from pressure on the patient's neck by
      the base of the violin or viola and is worsened by holding the instrument in a
      drooping position.

PMID- 160920
TI  - Effect of experimental magnetic storm on the production of lambda phage.
AB  - 1. Sharp fluctuation of the intensity of the vertical component of the MF
      amounting to +/- 0.1 Oe changing the sign over each 3 min causes variability of
      both lysogenic and indicator strains of E. coli. This testifies to an extremely
      low threshold of their magnetic susceptibility and to biological importance of
      fluctuations of natural parameters of the geomagnetic field as an ecological
      factor of the environment. 2. A change in the intensity of the vertical component
      of the MF, not any higher than +/-0.1 Oe, inhibits phage production in the
      lysogenic system of E. coli K = 12 lambda and is also reflected in the
      morphological peculiarities of negative phage colonies as well as in the phage
      susceptibility of the E. coli indicator strain.

PMID- 160921
TI  - [Proton translocating ATPase of Escherichia coli (author's transl)].

PMID- 160922
TI  - Changing perspectives on Down's syndrome.

PMID- 160925
TI  - The effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the membrane-bound ATP-ase of
      Acholeplasma laidlawii B [proceedings].

PMID- 160923
TI  - L-Thyroxine effects upon ATPase activities of several subcellular fractions of
      liver of the rat and the guinea pig.
AB  - The effect of thyroxine administration upon ATPase activity of several
      subcellular fractions of livers from rats and guinea pigs has been studied. To
      determine a patho-physiological dose of levo thyroxine [T4] for guinea pigs, a
      dose-response curve was examined of T4 effect upon oxidative phosphorylatin of
      guinea pig liver mitochondria. Maximum stimulation of mitochondrial respiration
      without uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation was found with 15 microgram of T4
      per 100 g body weight per day. This dose of T4 stimulated Mg++ activated ATPase
      of plasma membranes of guinea pigs and slightly stimulated Mg++ activated ATPase
      of guinea pig liver nuclear membranes. Rat liver nuclear membrane ATPase was not
      responsive to thyroxine at doses from 5 to 150 microgram per 100 g body weight.
      T4 significantly stimulated Ca++ or Mg++ ATPase of mitochondria and microsomes
      from both rat and guinea pig liver. Microsomes from both species were maximally
      activated by Mg++ and no significant additional stimulation with Ca++ was found.
      Mitochondrial ATPase from both species showed significantly greater Ca++ plus
      Mg++ ATPase activity than did Mg++ alone. Ca++ activated ATPase was approximately
      equal to dinitrophenol stimulated mitochondrial ATPase. Maximum activation of
      microsomal ATPase in both species was found with 1 mM calcium. We conclude that
      at physiological-intracellular concentrations of Ca++ and Mg++, thyroxine
      probably stimulates Mg++ activated microsomal ATPase and Ca++ activated
      mitochondrial ATPase. A potential role of Ca++ as a moderator of thyroxine
      stimulated activity in mitochondria and the relation of calcium to other
      metabolic reactions that are thyroxine sensitive is discussed.

PMID- 160924
TI  - Avoidance of the handicapped: an attributional ambiguity analysis.
AB  - We demonstrated a general strategy for detecting motives that people wish to
      conceal. The strategy consists of having people choose between two alternatives,
      one of which happens to satisfy the motive. By counterbalancing which one does
      so, it is possible to distill the motive by examining the pattern of choices that
      people make. The motive used in the demonstration is the desire we believe most
      people have to avoid the physically handicapped. Because they do not wish to
      reveal this desire, we predicted that they would be more likely to act on it if
      they could appear to choose on some other basis. In two studies we found that
      people avoided the handicapped more often if the decision to do so was also a
      decision between two movies and avoidance of the handicapped could masquerade as
      a movie preference.

PMID- 160926
TI  - Dynamic and static responses of primary and secondary spindle endings of the cat
      peroneus tertius muscle [proceedings].

PMID- 160927
TI  - Persistence of p1 plates in cat muscle spindles after degeneration of their gamma
      supply [proceedings].

PMID- 160928
TI  - The effect of contraction in the three types of intrafusal fibre in isolated cat
      muscle spindles on the Ia discharge during stretch [proceedings].

PMID- 160930
TI  - Decision making.

PMID- 160931
TI  - A new approach to the care of handicapped children: the Milroy lecture 1979.

PMID- 160929
TI  - Changes in rodent muscle fibre types during post-natal growth, undernutrition and
      exercise.
AB  - 1. Using histochemical staining methods for myosin ATPase oxidative and
      glycolytic enzymes, three major types of muscle fibre could be identified in the
      skeletal muscle of hamsters and mice. 2. Muscle fibre counts showed that the
      proportions of the different fibres were not entirely stable with age. In the
      hamster biceps brachii which is predominantly composed of ATPase-high fibres
      there was a decrease in the number of ATPase-low fibres. In the soleus muscle
      which is predominantly composed of ATPase-low fibres there was a decrease in
      ATPase-high fibres with age. 3. Although there was a change in the proportions of
      fibre types there was no change in the total number of fibres within the muscles
      with age. It is suggested that some reinnervation may take place during growth
      and that this is why the less dedominant fibre type decreases. 4. The response of
      the different fibre types to partial starvation was studied. The ATPase-high
      fibres showed  the greatest decrease in size. Of these, the ATPase-high
      glycolytic type responded more than the ATPase-high oxidative type. The effects
      of the under-nutrition on the different fibre types were found to be completely
      reversible. Starvation did not affect the total number of fibres or the numbers
      of any fibre type. 5. The response of the different types to high intensity
      exercise (weight lifting) was studied. This type of exercise resulted in
      hypertrophy of all three major fibre types. However, the extent of the response
      varied according to the fibre type and the exact nature of the exercise. In most
      cases the ATPase-high fibres underwent hypertrophy more readily than the ATPase
      low fibres. Where distinction was made between the two types of ATPase-high
      fibres, the ATPase-high glycolytic were found to hypertrophy more than the ATPase
      high oxidative fibres. The effects of post exercise recovery (return to relative
      inactivity) were also studied and the changes in size of the fibres were found to
      be completely reversible.

PMID- 160932
TI  - The place of voluntary organisations in Great Britain.

PMID- 160933
TI  - The help voluntary organisations can offer to patients.

PMID- 160934
TI  - The help voluntary organisations can offer to doctors.

PMID- 160935
TI  - Counselling parents who have a handicapped child.

PMID- 160936
TI  - Use and abuse of the press by voluntary organisations.

PMID- 160937
TI  - Use and abuse of radio and TV by voluntary organisations.

PMID- 160938
TI  - [Mediastinal bronchogenic cysts in adults. Cardiovascular symptomatology
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe seven patients operated upon for mediastinal bronchogenic
      cysts and emphasize the problems of differential diagnosis from cardiac and
      vascular affections: enlarged left auricle and aneurysm of the thoracic aorta.
      They review the published literature on atypical bronchogenic cysts with cardiac
      or vascular symptoms, and the diagnostic problems they raise in adults.

PMID- 160939
TI  - Plasma exchange--a new approach to immune modulation in rheumatic diseases.

PMID- 160940
TI  - Sexual adjustment counseling for persons with severe disabilities: a skill-based
      approach for rehabilitation professionals.

PMID- 160941
TI  - The disabled, rehabilitation, and current public policy.

PMID- 160942
TI  - Obstacles to the rehabilitation of disability benefits recipients.

PMID- 160943
TI  - Obstacles to the rehabilitation of vocational individuals receiving workers'
      compensation.

PMID- 160944
TI  - A systems selling approach to job development.

PMID- 160945
TI  - An evaluation of job interview training in a rehabilitation setting.

PMID- 160946
TI  - Impact of the 504 regulations.

PMID- 160947
TI  - The future with 504.

PMID- 160948
TI  - Properties of the chloride-ATPase from Limonium salt glands: activation by, and
      binding to, specific sugars.

PMID- 160949
TI  - Identification of transfer RNA suppressors in Escherichia coli. I. Amber
      suppressor su+2, an anticodon mutant of tRNA2Gln.

PMID- 160950
TI  - Identification of transfer RNA suppressors in Escherichia coli. II. Duplicate
      genes for tRNA2Gln.

PMID- 160951
TI  - Evolution of the three overlapping gene systems in G4 and phi X174.

PMID- 160953
TI  - Early changes in myocardial protein synthesis in vivo in response to right
      ventricular pressure overload in the dog.

PMID- 160952
TI  - The effect of certain high cardiac output states on dog heart myosin ATPase.

PMID- 160954
TI  - Effect of alloxan-induced diabetes on the hypertrophic response of rat heart.

PMID- 160955
TI  - [Effect of endotoxin on respiratory function and steroid hydroxylation of adrenal
      mitochondria in rats (author's transl)].

PMID- 160956
TI  - [Clinical experience of cefoxitin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Cefoxitin was given to the 7 patients of infections in the field of obstetrics
      and gynecology, and the following results were obtained: 1) The clinical response
      was excellent in 2 patients, good in 4 and poor in 1 patient with the efficacy
      rate of 85.7%. Out of the 4 patients resistant to the previous therapy with other
      antibiotics, 3 patients responded to cefoxitin, and all the 3 patients of
      anaerobic infections responded satisfactorily to cefoxitin. 2) Microorganisms
      isolated were 2 strains each of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, 3 strains of
      Peptococcus and 1 strain of Eubacterium lentum. All the 8 strains isolated were
      sensitive to cefoxitin. As to bacteriological response, all the strains isolated
      were eradicated except 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus which recurred on the
      9th day after completion of the therapy with the eradication rate of 87.5%. 3) No
      subjective nor objective side effects were noted. Especially, the elevated GOT
      and GPT observed on a patient complicated with hepatitis prior to the initiation
      of cefoxitin treatment were found to be normal upon completion of the treatment.

PMID- 160957
TI  - [Studies on pancreatic blood flow by the double thermistor method--especially on
      relationship between pancreatic secretion and blood flow (author's transl)].

PMID- 160958
TI  - [Lumbago in the geriatric medical patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 160959
TI  - [Progress of the industry and occupational health: Mining].

PMID- 160960
TI  - [Surgical treatment of dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta used double
      ringed graft (author's transl)].

PMID- 160961
TI  - The kidney and parasitism. Introduction.

PMID- 160962
TI  - The kidney and parasitism.

PMID- 160963
TI  - Immunologic aspects of renal lesions associated with malaria.
AB  - Studies on experimental models of infections and observations in man indicate
      that immune complexes (IC) play an important role in the pathogenesis of
      nephropathies associated with malaria. All present evidence suggests that IC
      preformed in circulation localize in the glomeruli and initiate the lesions. In
      acute lesions, typical of falciparum infections in man, the depositions of IC are
      found quite soon after infection; glomerular injury is reversible, and these
      cases respond well to antimalarial therapy. Chronic lesions, typical for quartan
      malaria, are more progressive and do not respond to antimalarials. Deposits of IC
      in glomeruli have shown the presence of malarial antigens at the beginning, but
      the perpetuation of the lesions does not seem to be due to constant supply of
      malarial antigens. The possibility that malarial IC in these chronic lesions
      trigger a pathogenic sequence in which other mechanisms (perhaps autoimmune?) are
      later involved is discussed.

PMID- 160964
TI  - [Method for the surgical treatment of postoperative eventrations after upper
      median laparotomy and large epigastric hernias].

PMID- 160965
TI  - The influence of suture technique on early wound healing.

PMID- 160966
TI  - [Laparoscopy].

PMID- 160967
TI  - [Fever, skin and liver reactions in a patient treated with Paraflex comp].

PMID- 160968
TI  - [Children with myelomeningocele in a Swedish county. Current status after 15
      years' treatment and future prospects].

PMID- 160969
TI  - Electroacupuncture analgesia could be mediated by at least two pain-relieving
      mechanisms; endorphin and non-endorphin systems.

PMID- 160970
TI  - [Distribution of dracunculiasis in Mali. A survey of the Cyclops habitat
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report the distribution and the incidence of dracunculiasis in the
      seven administrative regions of Mali. They describe the various types of Cyclops
      habitat and the seasonal variations in transmission. They discuss the resulting
      effects of dryness and rural water development on this endemic parasitic disease.

PMID- 160971
TI  - [Twenty months of digestive endoscopy in Tananarive. Special aspects and problems
      in tropical areas (author's transl)].

PMID- 160972
TI  - Influence of SOS repair on the specificity of radiation mutagenesis in
      bacteriophage phiX174.
AB  - The ochre mutant oc9 of bacteriophage phiX174 was irradiated with gamma-rays and
      the revertants were assayed on unirradiated and UV-irradiated host bacteria
      carrying an amber suppressor. The yield of revertants (amber + wild type) was
      higher on UV-irradiated than on unirradiated bacteria, showing that gamma
      irradiated phiX174 was subjected to W-mutagenesis. For oc9 gamma-irradiated in
      the presence of oxygen the fraction of amber mutants among the revertants was
      lower when mutants were scored on UV-irradiated bacteria than when assayed on
      unirradiated indicator cells. The same fraction of ambers was obtained when
      mutants were assayed on unirradiated and UV-irradiated samples of a recA
      indicator strain. UV-irradiated phiX174 showed a similar phenomenon. These
      results suggest that the specificity with regard to insertion of bases opposite
      radiation damage in phiX174 DNA is different for host cells in which SOS repair
      has been induced and cells in which SOS repair is not operative.

PMID- 160973
TI  - Mini-muduction: a new mode of gene transfer mediated by mini-mu.
AB  - We compared the transducing properties of Mucts62 and Mucts62/mini-Mu lysates,
      using Mu immune and non immune Recqnd recA recipient strains. The Mu/mini-Mu
      lysates transduced all bacterial markers tested 10 times more efficiently than
      the Mucts62 lysates in Rec + recipients. Most of the transductants obtained after
      infection with the Mu/mini-Mu lysates result from the substitution of the mutated
      gene of the recipient by the wild type allele from the donor, most probably
      carried on the gigantic variable end linked to the mini-Mu genome. Moreover the
      Mu/mini-Mu lysates gave a new type of Rec-independent transduction that we called
      mini-muduction. Mini-muduction requires the activity of Mu gene A and provides
      transductants which carry the transduced marker surrounded by two mini-Mu genomes
      similarly oriented, and inserted at random location in the recipient chromosome.
      The mini-Mu/transduced DNA/mini-Mu structures are able to transpose
      spontaneously, for instance into a transmissible plasmid, in the presence of Mu
      gene A product.

PMID- 160975
TI  - The origin of the DNA in transducing particles of bacteriophage Mu. Density
      gradient analyses of intact phages.
AB  - The origin of DNA in transducing particles of bacteriophage Mu was investigated
      by density labelling techniques. Unlabelled plaque-forming and leu+-transducing
      particles were of about the same density. Preinfection labelling of DNA with 5
      bromodeoxyuridine increased the density of the transducing particles, but not
      that of the infective ones. Postinfection labelling increased the density of the
      infective particles twice as much as that of the transducing particles. We
      conclude that half of the transducing DNA is synthesized before infection and
      half is synthesized after infection, similar to the results obtained with P1kc
      transducing phages (Ikeda and Tomizawa, 1965).

PMID- 160974
TI  - Genetics of oxidative phosphorylation: mitochondrial loci determining ossamycin-,
      venturicidin- and oligomycin-resistance in yeast.
AB  - With a view towards identifying new ATPase loci on the mitochondrial genome a
      large number of oligomycin-, ossamycin- and venturicidin-resistant mutants were
      isolated after MnCl2 mutagenesis. The mutants were subjected to mass-screens
      which divided them into different cross-resistance phenotype-classes and also
      distinguished the common OLI1 mutations from the mutations at all other loci.
      Allelism tests between examples of the different classes of phenotype indicated
      that the majority of mutations in the population mapped at the previously known
      loci OLI1, OLI2, OLI3, and OLI4. Mutations conferring specific ossamycin
      resistance defined two new loci, namely OSS1 and OSS2 which are linked to the
      OLI2 and OLI1 loci respectively. A few rare mutations comprise a new locus OLI5
      which is linked to the OLI1 locus (12.6% total recombination). In conclusion we
      can now say that that there are two unlinked segments of the mitochondrial
      genome, each of which is composed of several distinct, genetically-linked loci.
      One segment contains the OLI1, OLI3, OLI5 and OSS2 loci and the other the OLI2,
      OLI4 and OSS1 loci. The phenotypically-distinguishable mutations described herein
      should facilitate fine-structure mapping of these two segments.

PMID- 160976
TI  - [Growth and toxin formation of species of the genus Aspergillus under varying
      temperature regimens of cultivation].

PMID- 160977
TI  - [Phage-dependent beta-galactosidase synthesis by Escherichia coli cells].

PMID- 160978
TI  - [New species of soil yeasts, Williopsis pratensis].

PMID- 160979
TI  - Mixed-lymphocyte culture response in a related and an unrelated Australian
      population.
AB  - In 256 related combinations in an Australian Caucasian population, the relative
      responses in one-way mixed-lymphocyte cultures can be divided into four different
      groups: (i) HLA zero-haplotype different; (ii) HLA-D homozygous-versus
      heterozygous; (iii) HLA one-haplotype different: and (iv) HLA two-haplotype
      different. The median relative responses of the groups were 0.78%, 20%, 64% and
      86.5%, respectively; 17.7% of HLA-A, HLA-B identical siblings were found to
      stimulate significantly in mixed-lymphocyte culture, and 6.3% of HLA one
      haplotype different combinations had weak responses. The median relative response
      of 225 unrelated random combinations was 100%. One mixed-lymphocyte culture
      combination in this group gave a relative response of 20%, which was found to be
      a HLA-D homozygous-versus-heterozygous response. A relative response of 20% in
      mixed-lymphocyte cultures may be taken to indicate relative HLA-D compatibility
      and would, therefore, predict a favourable outcome in kidney transplantation. The
      use of mixed-lymphocyte cultures as a routine in selecting suitable donors in
      living related transplants and, retrospectively, in monitoring the results of
      cadaveric transplants, is advocated.

PMID- 160980
TI  - The mixed lymphocyte culture test.

PMID- 160981
TI  - Cardiomyopathies in Sydney (1972-1977): progress report.

PMID- 160982
TI  - The N.S.W. Society for Crippled Children: 50 years of service.

PMID- 160983
TI  - Some peculiarities of osteomedullary interrelations at the level of the lateral
      wall of the maxillary sinus.
AB  - Several structural aspects in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus are shown,
      revealing the existence of some peculiarities of the osteomedullary relationships
      at this level, as for instance: a) a great density of vascular canals, b) a
      marked collagen density and a high degree of polymerization of the ground
      substance pleading for a great stability of the osseous structure, and c) a
      relative cellular scarcity inside the marrow-like spaces as an expression of a
      reduced reactive ability of bone marrow. It is considered that these
      peculiarities are not merely determined by specific functional needs of the bone
      as a tissue, but mainly by subordination of the latter to the requirements of the
      higher-ordered structural and functional levels served by a certain osseous zone.

PMID- 160984
TI  - The Kupffer cells. Ultrastructural and functional features.
AB  - The Kupffer cells, as fixed macrophages, belong to the mononuclear phagocyte
      system (MPS), the former reticulo-endothelial system (RES). Their ultrastructure
      has some characteristics, i.e. ergastroplasmic peroxidase activity and worm-like
      structures, which allow a very sharp identification. Some particular "bridge
      like" arrangements of Kupffer cells in the capillary lumen seem to provide them
      with a special ability of "trapping" the passing white blood cells. The important
      endocytotic function is analysed from the viewpoint of ultrastructural features,
      and with particular reference to the phagocytosis of damaged red blood cells.
      Several drugs and particulate substances acting as Kupffer cells stimulants are
      presented. This stimulation reaction concerns woth increased number and enhanced
      endocytotic activity. The origin and kinetics of Kupffer cells are discussed,
      with reference to own results which substantiate the theory of local
      proliferation and blood supply, the bone marrow being however the main source of
      hepatic macrophages. A few ultrastructural data on Kupffer cells involved in
      pathological processes are presented.

PMID- 160985
TI  - [Dynamics of the action of cyclophosphamide. Studies in the chick embryo].
AB  - The dynamics of the Cyclophosphamide (CPA) effect was investigated in the chick
      embryo by a vital fluorochroming method worked out previously. In the 4-day-old
      embryo the morphological changes (at the level of light microscopy) in the limbs
      and in the mesencephalon induced by 100 microgram CPA appeared after a period of
      latency of about 10 hours. Successive blood control in the same embryo, treated
      with 50 microgram CPA, revealed three consecutive modifications of the blood
      cells: a great number of abnormal mitoses, the appearance of a great number of
      multinucleated, nonviable cells and the recovery of the lost cells. No difference
      could be detected between the effect of freshly prepared and stored CPA
      solutions. The fate of CPA (a bifunctionally alkylating agent) in contact with
      living tissues is discussed.

PMID- 160986
TI  - The concept of chronic pathological processes.
AB  - The chronic pattern of lesions and the behaviour of each process as a whole, the
      internal relationships between sequences, the dynamics of factor assemblies
      determining the sequences and development of lesional chains, the propelling and
      cohesional factors are analysed in the morphopathogenic modalities of chronic
      processes, the chronic transformation of acute lesions and the primary chronic
      processes. This structural analysis lends support to the consideration of chronic
      pathological processes as systems and their investigation by the methods of the
      systemic conception applied to pathology. Key words: chronic pathological
      processes, chronic pattern of lesions, chronic transformation of acute lesions,
      primary chronic processes, sequential development, assemblies of factors,
      propelling factors, cohensional factors, proliferative dominance, self
      perpetuation and auto-aggression mechanisms, stereotyping of chronic processes,
      systemic conception.

PMID- 160987
TI  - On the mechanisms of ischaemic myocardial lesions.
AB  - The examination of the myocardium in 609 natural and violent death cases by using
      Lie's histochemical method revealed recent ischaemic lesions, extended or
      microfocal, in 511 cases. These lesions were prevailingly extended in sudden
      cardiac deaths, alcoholic intoxication and electrocution, while in the various
      kinds of shock, in asphyxia and pesticide poisoning cases they were of a
      predominantly microfocal nature. According to these morphological changes, the
      vascular and metabolic factors involved in producing ischaemic cardiomyopathy are
      discussed.

PMID- 160988
TI  - Light microscopic observations on fibrous plaque histogenesis in the coronary
      arteries of children.
AB  - An attempt was made to reconstruct the succession of structural changes which
      lead to the onset of fibrous plaques in the coronary arteries of children. The
      results show that certain branch pads or cushions act as precursors of the first
      fibrous plaques. The conversion of branch pads into atherosclerotic lesions
      includes edema, histolysis (elastolysis, collagenolysis, ground substance
      depletion and degenerative cell changes) and in a final step nodular
      proliferation of smooth muscle cells and abundant neoformation of collagen
      fibers. This conversion is followed by both reorganization and homogenization of
      the preexisting heterogeneous microarchitecture. The intermediate steps of pad
      conversion into atherosclerotic lesions were revealed in 4% of children 1 - 5
      years old, 14% of children 6 - 10 years old and 24% of children and juveniles 11 
      15 years old; small, non-raised fibrous plaques were already present in 2% of
      children 6 - 10 years old and in 4% of children and juveniles 11 - 15 years old.

PMID- 160989
TI  - Sarcoma of the urinary bladder in the adult. Pathomorphological considerations.
AB  - The author discusses problems of morphological diagnosis and pathogenesis with
      reference to a case of sarcoma of the urinary bladder presenting the following
      particularities: exulcerated pedunculate macroscopic aspect, histological leiomyo
      and myxosarcomatous differentiation, angiomatous hyperplasia and a late
      favourable course after partial cystectomy.

PMID- 160990
TI  - A case of mammary carcinosarcoma.

PMID- 160992
TI  - The effect of low temperatures on the viability of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - By using rapid freezing-rapid thawing procedures on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells
      the authors succeeded in maintaining the viability of these cells, ascertained by
      two methods: a) trypan blue dye-exclusion test, and b) grafting in experimental
      animals of cells maintained for three days at -80 degrees C.

PMID- 160991
TI  - Effects of the "reverse" administration of sexual hormones on the lymph node
      structure in irradiated Wistar rats.
AB  - The whole-body irradiation of adult Wistar rats with a single dose of 800 r X
      rays intensifies the lymph node changes and the decrease of the colloidopexic
      capacity of hepatosplenic macrophages established by the "reverse" administration
      of sexual hormones. The modifications observed after estradiol administration to
      the male rat are more marked after a 6 months' interval than those caused in the
      same interval by testosterone in the female rat lymph nodes.

PMID- 160993
TI  - Influence of deuterium on the spleen immune system.
AB  - Following administration of deuterium to white rats changes of dysimmunitary
      immunitary depression occurred. At the beginning the changes involved the whole
      spleen parenchyma, with marked lymphocyte depopulation of the red pulp and a
      decrease of the lymphod follicles. After about 4 - 7 days important amorphous
      deposits were formed, located exclusively perifollicularly and only in the
      spleen. The authors suggest the dysimmunitary globulinic-paraamyloidic nature of
      these deposits which, in their opinion, are produced by deuterium through a
      chemical mechanism. The differential diagnosis was only made with Gamma-Gandy
      nodules, because no such changes are found in pathology. It is not known why this
      deposition takes place exclusively in the spleen and especially around the
      lymphoid follicles. The authors raise the question whether some methods could be
      found which might direct the immunitary blockade to certain organs.

PMID- 160995
TI  - The 100th birth anniversary of Ion Dragoi (1878-1978), a famous Romanian
      histologist, embryologist and cytologist.

PMID- 160994
TI  - In vivo cytogenetic screening for determination of the mutagenic potential of
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Among the in vivo cytogenetic tests employed for chemically induced mutagenicity,
      a recent screening method was selected - the micronucleus test. The micronuclei
      were investigated, comparatively with chromosome breaks, on the bone marrow of
      Wistar rats after intraperitoneal administration of different doses of
      Cyclophosphamide (CY) applied in one or two injections at 24 hrs interval. The
      good relationship between these two tests was proved in evaluation of cytogenetic
      risk.

PMID- 160996
TI  - Extra-anatomical reconstruction in unilateral iliac arterial occlusive disease.

PMID- 160997
TI  - [Management of the handicapped in relation to their handicap and to the socio
      occupational category of their parents].

PMID- 160999
TI  - [Circulating immunocomplexes in patients with various morbid conditions].
AB  - The polyethylenglycol (PEG) precipitation technique has been employed for the
      measurement of immune complexes in the circulation of 100 normal subjects and in
      14 patients suffering from a variety of diseases (systemic lupus erythematodes,
      nephrosic syndrome, cryoglobulinaemia, Buckley's syndrome). Values higher than
      0.80 UA on the absorption scale were considered pathological, namely 2 standard
      deviations above the mean (0.32 UA) in the subjects examined; in the patients,
      values between a minimum of 0.98 UA and a maximum of 2.38 UA were observed.
      Longitudinal study of these cases also pointed to the disappearance of immune
      complexes during therapy. The results suggest that the PEG precipitation
      technique can play an important part as a screening test in situations in which
      circulating IC pathology is suspected; it is also a sensitive means of monitoring
      treatment.

PMID- 160998
TI  - [Type and prevalence of severe and multiple handicaps in a population of
      children. Inital results of an epidemiological survey of severe maladjustments in
      a juvenile population of the Parisian region].

PMID- 161000
TI  - Kainic acid binding in human caudate nucleus: effect of Huntington's disease.
AB  - Kainic acid binding was measured in crude membrane fractions prepared from
      postmortem human caudate tissue of control persons and patients afflicted with
      Huntington's disease. A significant reduction in binding sites with no change in
      affinity was found in the Huntington's tissue, the apparent dissociation
      constants (Kd) and maximal binding (Bmax) values were: 6.4 nM/119 fmol/mg protein
      (control) and 5.9 nM/53 fmol/mg protein (Huntington). The kainic acid binding
      showed a remarkable specificity for L-glutamate.

PMID- 161001
TI  - Barbiturates and calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - Anaesthetic barbiturates potentiate and convulsant barbiturates inhibit the
      calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca-ATPase) activity in rat brain
      synaptosomes. Such differential effects and consequent modification of
      transmitter release may be important in the contrasting actions of these classes
      of barbiturates in vivo.

PMID- 161002
TI  - [Awarding of the Johann-Peter-Frank medal].

PMID- 161004
TI  - [The tasks to be tackled by a public veterinary service office in the field of
      food hygiene (author's transl)].

PMID- 161003
TI  - [Current problems of food hygiene from the viewpoint of the veterinary surgeon in
      the federal public health service (author's transl)].

PMID- 161005
TI  - [Tasks of a public health examination office within the framework of food hygiene
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161006
TI  - [The tasks to be tackled by public health service within the framework of food
      hygiene (author's transl)].

PMID- 161007
TI  - [Hazards of modern residential and urban areas to child health and development
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161008
TI  - [Choiced problems of water- and bathhygiene in relation to children (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161009
TI  - [Experience with legally prescribed mass radiography (author's transl)].

PMID- 161010
TI  - [Epidermiological aspects of a school medical examination concerning a fitness
      test for school sport conducted by a German public health institution
      (gesundheitsamt) (author's transl)].

PMID- 161011
TI  - [Slowed saccades in various neurological disorders].
AB  - 4 patients suffering from different neurological disorders are presented,
      exhibiting a striking slowing down of all saccades. According to their clinical
      features the problem of slow saccades of supranuclear origin is discussed, to
      elucidate the question whether these eye movements are saccadic at all. Electro
      oculographic traces served to distinguish these particular eye movements, and a
      computer calculated duration, velocity and acceleration of these saccades, to
      identify their saccadic nature. 1 patient with Wernicke syndrome showed a
      remarkable improvement of saccadic velocity following thiamine administration.
      The findings are reconciled with known saccadic behavior, and a model of the
      pathophysiological mechanism is cast. The adaptability of the system nearly back
      to normal in the case of Wernicke syndrome is stressed.

PMID- 161012
TI  - [Aleksandr Fedorovich Krasnov].

PMID- 161013
TI  - [Anatomic topographic parallels between the pain points and acupuncture points
      and the effectiveness of local actions in lumbar osteochondrosis].

PMID- 161014
TI  - [Lumbar spinal osteochondrosis in children].

PMID- 161015
TI  - Relief of back pain following removal of parathyroid adenoma.

PMID- 161016
TI  - Note on prediction of Wechsler Memory Scale visual reproduction scores for a
      handicapped geriatric population.

PMID- 161017
TI  - [Persistent edema of the hands in mediastinal Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 161018
TI  - [Laboratory methods of examination of porous vascular prostheses].
AB  - The author discusses applied methods of investigation of porous vascular
      prostheses with special attention to physical methods and proposes some
      heretofore unused criteria for the evaluation of polyester prostheses such as:
      quantitative determination of oligomers catalist residues, inor ganic fillers and
      manufacturer's oil and identification of the degree of crystallization and
      molecular orientation. The evaluation of these parameters in conjunction with the
      results of physical, mechanical, hematological, toxicologic and preclinical
      testing may form the basis for further improvement of vascular prostheses.

PMID- 161019
TI  - Sterilization of women.

PMID- 161020
TI  - [Incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Volgograd].

PMID- 161021
TI  - [Organization of tuberculosis control in industry].

PMID- 161022
TI  - Muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency (Tarui's disease).

PMID- 161023
TI  - Nature and diagnosis of food allergy.

PMID- 161024
TI  - Which chromosomal syndromes can be managed medically.

PMID- 161025
TI  - The effects of dietary niacin and riboflavin on voluntary intake and metabolism
      of ethanol in rats.
AB  - The effects of dietary deficiency and excess of niacin and riboflavin on
      voluntary drinking of 10% (v/v) ethanol were studied in male rats. The
      effectiveness of dietary deficiency and excess of both niacin and riboflavin on
      tissue levels of these vitamins was demonstrated by measurements of urinary N1
      methylnicotinamide and blood glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) activity. A high
      niacin diet containing 75 mg niacin/kg food decreased ethanol intake by about 36%
      compared to the control diet containing 15 mgniacin/kg. Niacin or riboflavin
      deficiency and a high-riboflavin diet containing 40 mg rtary levels of niacin or
      riboflavin did not influence on ethanol elimination rate or levels of blood
      acetaldehyde during ethanol oxidation. Therefore, blood acetaldehyde was not
      responsible for the decreased ethanol intake of rats fed with a high-niacin diet.
      It was concluded that the increased ethanol intake caused by dietary deprivation
      of B-vitamin complex found in earlier studies is not a result of deficiency of
      niacin or riboflavin but niacin may be involved in the decrease in ethanol
      drinking, which follows dietary B-vitamin complex supplementation.

PMID- 161026
TI  - The measurement of cerebrospinal fluid flow.
AB  - A technique for the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity-flow is
      described. It enables the flow of CSF in response to pressure pulses to be
      measured whilst allowing the simultaneous measurement of pressure through a
      lumber puncture needle. The physical principles which govern the operation of the
      flow probe are presented together with practical forms of the probe. The
      application of the technique is demonstrated by experiments on dog.

PMID- 161027
TI  - Digestive structural modifications in rats submitted to 15 days of hypokinetical
      conditions.
AB  - Restraining rats for 14 days in special cages in order to determine a
      hypokinetical state decreased mucopolysaccharide secretion in submaxillary glands
      and gastric mucosa. In the small intestine and in the colon, concomitantly with
      an enzymatic (leucine-aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase) hypersecretion as
      results from specific histochemical reactions. These modifications show maximum
      intensity at the end of the interval. The corticosterone plasmatic level
      determined in the same interval also increased, suggesting this way to a causal
      relation. The histomorphological changes presented delayed reaction. This
      material is in accord with our previous investigations as well as with some
      literature data.

PMID- 161028
TI  - [Effect of lithium ions on the activity of glycolysis enzymes in the brain and
      peripheral blood leukocytes of rats].

PMID- 161029
TI  - [Current problems in morphophysiopathology of chronic maxillary sinusitis].

PMID- 161030
TI  - [The mental defective with hearing loss, before and after prosthetic treatment].

PMID- 161031
TI  - [The "conversational" value of low frequencies in the process of rehabilitation
      of the child with auditory deficiency].

PMID- 161032
TI  - [Current medico-pedagogic trends in treatment of the auditory handicapped child].

PMID- 161033
TI  - [Sero-mucosus otitis with perceptive deafness].

PMID- 161034
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment in primary cholesteatoma].

PMID- 161035
TI  - [Unusual aspects of sinusitis caused by staphylococci].

PMID- 161036
TI  - [Problems in diagnosis of malignant tumors of the pharynx].

PMID- 161037
TI  - [Aspects of tuberculosis in otorhinolaryngology (74 personal cases)].

PMID- 161038
TI  - [Marginal notes on a case of cervico-mediastinal goiter].

PMID- 161039
TI  - [A case of congenital malformation of the pharynx].

PMID- 161040
TI  - [Postero-lateral bone grafting in the lumbar and lumbo-sacral spine (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 78 arthrodeses of the lumbar and lumbo-sacral region were performed by a postero
      lateral approach. The technique is described and the results. The patients were
      reviewed after an average follow-up of 4 years. Fusion was obtained in 83 p. 100
      of cases. The operation was performed for low back  pain, spondylolisthesis, or
      lumbar arthrosis. Indications are discussed in  relation to the etiology.

PMID- 161041
TI  - [The prediction of growth in long bones in poliomyelitis (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have studied 15 cases of unilateral poliomyelitis and have compared
      the growth of the intact lower limb with that of the paralysed limb. It is
      concluded that no accurate prediction can be made except by multiple
      measurements. In most of the cases, growth was steady, the rate of shortening
      increasing by regular degrees. However, in very young children the degree of
      shortening was more consistent and was similar to that in congenital
      abnormalities.

PMID- 161042
TI  - [Subtalar dislocations with medial or lateral displacement (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have observed 20 cases of subtalar dislocation, 16 with medial
      displacement and 4 with lateral displacement. The treatment given and the results
      are described. An experimental study has also been made which confirms that in
      medial dislocations the talo-navicular joint dislocates first whilst in lateral
      dislocations the talo-navicular joint dislocates last. The severity of assoicated
      lesions is emphasised. It is concluded that in severe displacement with complete
      extrusion of the talus, tibio-calcaneal arthrodesis gave better results than
      excision of the talus.

PMID- 161043
TI  - [Odontoid process fractures associated with fractures of the pedicles of the axis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report their experience concerning eleven cases of that original and
      frequent association of fractures. The ligamentous lesions associated with those
      fractures are considered, justifying the necessary dynamic X rays. The eleven
      cases are reviewed and a classification supported by an iconography is given,
      according to the unstability of the odontoid or of the pedicles. The
      complications after orthopaedic or surgical treatment are analysed and the
      authors give their conclusions. The proposed treatment is conservative when the
      fractures are neither displaced nor unstable, and surgical when one of the two
      fractures is unstable. The best procedure is bi-pedicular screwing associated
      with C1/C2 wiring.

PMID- 161044
TI  - [Arthrodesis of the ankle. A study of the complications and long term results
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have studied the complications and long term results of 91 cases of
      tibio-talar arthrodesis and 43 cases of tibio-talar arthrodesis associated with
      subtalar arthrodesis. Minor complications such as limited skin necrosis were
      noted in 13 p. 100 of the cases, and no-fusion occurred in 7 p. 100. The results
      were satisfactory in 75 p. 100 of the cases, fair in 13 p. 100, poor in 12 p.
      100. Most of the poor results were related to painfull subtalar joints after
      isolated tibio-talar arthrodesis. This happened often following conditions :
      excessive equinus, protrusion of screws in the subtalar joint, preoperative
      lesions of the subtalar joint. In cases of associated tibio-tarsal and subtalar
      arthrodesis, the long term study revealed moderate and painless secondary
      arthrosis of the mid-tarsal joint. It is concluded that associated fusion of the
      subtalar joint should always be considered when tibio-talar arthrodesis is
      indicated.

PMID- 161045
TI  - [Fracture of the coracoid process (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have treated 10 cases of fracture of the coracoid process of the
      scapula. The case histories have been reviewed. The mechanism was an indirect one
      in most cases. Associated lesions such as fractures of the clavicle were
      frequent. The diagnosis may be difficult and special X-ray techniques were
      needed. In most of the cases, conservative treatment was indicated. Only one case
      associated with an acromio-clavicular dislocation was treated operatively.

PMID- 161046
TI  - [Tumour-like bone manifestations in Hodgkin's disease. A report of two cases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases are reported in which the diagnosis of Hodgkin's Disease was revealed
      after a bone biopsy of an apparently primary lesion. In fact, the disease was
      already generalised and the authors question the existence of purely osseous
      varieties of the disease. Of the two reported cases, one died rapidly and the
      other had a long-term remission.

PMID- 161047
TI  - [Regeneration of a diaphyseal segment of the radius (author's transl)].
AB  - The osteogenesis potential and the subsequent skeleton reconstruction are well
      known in young children. Our case illustrate these two features. A six years old
      patient had lost the entire radial diaphysis during an open trauma of the forearm
      ; after the debridement of the wound, the limb was simply immobilized in a cast
      leaving off the radial diaphysis. Six months later an antomical reconstruction of
      the radius was obtained with a very good function.

PMID- 161048
TI  - [International Symposium on Internal Fixation of Fracture. Ottawa (Canada), 10-12
      May 1979].

PMID- 161049
TI  - [Conference on "Mechanisms of Growth Control". Their Clinical Applications.
      Syracuse, N.Y., 26-28 September 1979].

PMID- 161050
TI  - [Intestinal mechanical obstruction after laparoscopy].

PMID- 161051
TI  - New rehabilitation law requires a clearer definition of handicap.

PMID- 161052
TI  - [Body surface isopotential map (author's transl)].

PMID- 161053
TI  - [Evolution of theories on the pathogenesis of lumbosciatic and cervicobrachial
      pain].

PMID- 161054
TI  - [Causes of recurrences of lumbosciatic pain in lumbar diskopathy in the light of
      radiculography and surgical verification].

PMID- 161055
TI  - [Movement disorders after herpes zoster].

PMID- 161056
TI  - [Treatment of Paget's disease paraplegia with diphosphonates : preliminary
      results (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe the results of treatment of four cases of spasmodic
      paraplegia from Paget's disease of the vertebrae with diphosphonates (EHDP and
      CL2 MDP). The quality and long duration of the functional results obtained by
      this new treatment of Paget's disease indicate that medical treatment is
      essential for the medullary complications of this affection.

PMID- 161057
TI  - [Aneurysmal vertebra cyst (observation on two cases with neurological findings)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report 2 cases of aneurysmal cysts of the spinal cord with
      neurological manifestations. The first case was a young girl of 16 years of age
      with a lesion at the D6 level and spasmodic paraparesis. The second case was a
      boy aged 5 years with a lesions at the L3 level and lumbar pains. The
      characteristic "one-eyed vertebra" appearance was present in the radiological
      images in both cases, and was confirmed histologically on operation, which
      produced good results.

PMID- 161058
TI  - A review of spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions with diclofenac sodium
      (Voltarol).
AB  - The author reviews the worldwide picture of adverse reactions reported with
      diclofenac during the four-year period ending in December 1977, at which point he
      estimates that some ten million patients had received treatment with the drug. A
      total of 447 unwanted effects were reported in 194 patients, the most frequently
      reported side-effects being gastrointestinal in nature, followed by
      dermatological and central nervous system effects. Thirteen cases of liver
      function abnormality were reported, although there was reason to believe that 11
      of these were not ascribable to diclofenac. Twenty haematological effects were
      reported, including two cases of agranulocytosis and two cases of fatal aplastic
      anaemia; one patient in each of these groups was taking concomitant pyrazolone
      compounds. Evaluation of adverse reactions reported with diclofenac suggest a
      profile in which gastrointestinal side-effects predominate; however, the risk of
      serious side-effects of this nature is slight, and the impression of good
      tolerability which emerges from this review is confirmed by the findings of
      comparative clinical trials.

PMID- 161059
TI  - [Equitable indemnity].

PMID- 161060
TI  - [300 case-histories of lower back pain].

PMID- 161061
TI  - [Rheumatism morbidity and sickness insurance].

PMID- 161062
TI  - [Therapeutic approach in the rehabilitation of chronic lower back pain.
      Comparative study of 3 techniques of lumbar reeducation].
AB  - The short-term therapeutic effect of 3 techniques of rehabilitation of the lumbar
      spine (cyphosis gymnastics, kinebalneotherapy and differenciated rehabilitation)
      was studied out of 87 chronic lumbalgias selected at random and using one of the
      three techniques administered by 3 physical therapists. A comparison of these 9
      couples (technique, technician) was based on criteria evaluated on a blind basis
      using the traditional unidimensional analysis and also multidimensional analysis.
      The cyphosis gymnastic reeducation gives less satisfactory results using 26
      criteria out of 27. There is an underlying physical therapy factor. A certain
      number of prognostic factors with implications for any rehabilitation method and
      for all of the techniques, were disclosed. The comparative testing methods used
      in the study of drugs are applicable to rehabilitation techniques. However, it
      was not possible to carry out a comparative study of a reeducation method with a
      reeducation placebo.

PMID- 161063
TI  - [In vitro study of the primary antibody response of circulating lymphocytes in
      patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatism].
AB  - We have studied the in vitro antibody response to a hapten of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes from 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 7 ankylosing
      spondylitis. These patients had never received immunosuppressor drugs before or
      corticosteroids during the month before the test. They had failed to receive
      aspirin or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs for 72 hours before blood
      sampling. The control groups included respectively 38 healthy subjects and 24
      patients hospitalized for non inflammatory disease. The antibody response of
      ankylosing spondylitis patients is comparable to that of controls ; on the
      opposite the response of patients with rhumatoid arthritis is significantly
      depressed in comparison with the three other groups. The weak response of
      lymphocytes in arthritis is not due to increased cell death in culture or to
      modified kinetics of the antibody response or to the appearance of a IgG
      secondary type response or a in vivo pre-activation. The lymphocytes of arthritis
      patients do not inhibit the response of normal lymphocytes when they are co
      cultured. The observed response is identical to that obtained when control
      patient lymphocytes are co-cultured with normal lymphocytes. The function of
      suppressor T cells induced by Con A seems normal in  spondylitis and arthritis.

PMID- 161064
TI  - LEg venous oxygen saturation in the evaluation of intra-operative blood flow
      during arterial reconstructive surgery.
AB  - In twenty-four patients, undergoing a femoro-popliteal saphenous vein bypass
      graft for symptomatic atherosclerotic occlusion of the superficial femoral
      artery, oxygen saturation values for the femoral and popliteal veins were
      compared to the directly measured blood flows in the common femoral artery and in
      the bypass graft, respectively. Blood flow and venous oxygen saturation increased
      significantly after transfusion of 900 ml of blood. Pharmacological vasodilation
      caused a significant increase in blood flow both before and after transfusion,
      whereas the changes in venous oxygen saturation were significant only before
      blood transfusion. A close statistical relationship was found between initial
      femoral venous oxygen saturation and initial blood flow in the common femoral
      artery as well as between initial popliteal venous oxygen saturation and initial
      byapss blood flow. However, especially at low saturation values, the evaluation
      of blood flow was very uncertain. Whole leg and lower leg oxygen uptakes were not
      altered by intraoperative changes in blood volume. It is concluded that blood
      flow in the common femoral artery and the bypass graft can be roughly estimated
      from analysis of oxygen saturation in the femoral and popliteal veins,
      respectively. Furthermore, by determining leg venous oxygen saturation both
      before and after flow augmentation, induced by pharmacological vasodilation, a
      conception of the load on the vascular system may be obtained.

PMID- 161065
TI  - Lack of suppressor cell activity in rheumatoid synovial lymphocytes.
AB  - Lymphocytes were eluted from the synovial tissue of seventeen patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and one with ankylosing spondylitis. In eight of these
      patients immunoglobulin production by synovial lymphocytes in the presence and
      absence of pokeweed mitogen was studied. In nine patients T lymphocytes were
      isolated from the eluted cells, and the T helper and suppressor cell functions
      were evaluated in an allogeneic co-culture system. Peripheral blood lymphocytes
      (PBL) from twenty-eight normal donors were also studied for comparison.
      Immunoglobulin produced by synovial lymphocytes was higher than in PBL of normal
      donors. However, the stimulation index of synovial tissue lymphocytes was lower.
      Most of the normal donors had suppressor cell activity in their peripheral blood,
      whereas in synovial tissue lymphocytes a statistically significant number of
      patients did not have any suppressor cell activity. In contrast, the synovial
      tissue lymphocytes showed helper activity not differing significantly from that
      of the T lymphocytes from peripheral blood of normal individuals.

PMID- 161067
TI  - Pain--some concepts.

PMID- 161066
TI  - A critical look at the treatment for low back pain.

PMID- 161068
TI  - Methods for evaluating the therapeutic effect of non-medical treatment.

PMID- 161069
TI  - Low back pain in industry: epidemiological aspects.

PMID- 161070
TI  - Evaluation of manipulation and other manual therapy. Criteria for measuring the
      effect of treatment.
AB  - In order to evaluate manipulation and other methods of manual therapy, the
      literature was reviewed. It was found that the number of publications based on
      scientific criteria is rather limited. However, with certain reservations it can
      be concluded that manipulation of the lumbar spine might have an immediate, short
      time effect on low back pain in a limited number of patients. The criteria for
      selection, however, cannot be defined on the basis of the available material.
      Manipulation has no superior long-term effect as compared to other methods of
      treatment. The effect of specific, non-manipulative mobilization of the cervical
      and lumbar spine needs further elucidation. Manual therapy in decreased mobility
      of the extremity joints has received support from control studies.

PMID- 161071
TI  - [Computer-assisted evaluation of echo pressure curves of the left ventricle in
      patients with myocardial hypertrophy; importance of myocardial morphology].

PMID- 161073
TI  - [Effect of 2 phosphonates on the osteolysis induced by tumor extracts].
AB  - An in-vitro model is proposed to test the potential effect of diphosphonates in
      treatment or preventing bone metastases. This model involves culturing of
      neonatal mice calvaria in sterile conditions in an appropriate medium and
      measuring 45Ca release from bone to medium, the mice being injected with 45Ca on
      the day of birth. Tumour extracts added to the medium usually increase the bone
      lysis; this effect is significantly decreased when the mice have been treated
      with either ethane-hydroxy-diphosphonate (EHDP) or dichloromethylene
      diphosphonate (Cl2MDP). These experiments represent a first step in a group of
      experiments with a view to clinical trials in cases of bone metastases.

PMID- 161072
TI  - [Immunohistologic findings in patients with myocardial hypertrophy].
AB  - Heart reactive antibodies have been found with direct and indirect
      immunofluorescence in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. The authors
      therefore investigated by direct immunofluorescence 25 patients with aortic valve
      disease and 11 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy who underwent diagnostic
      heart catheterization and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. The left
      ventricular biopsies were fixed by bouin, formaline and freeze-drying. A first
      analysis was performed to determine auto- or formaline-induced fluorescence. A
      second analysis was performed to identify myocardial structures with positive
      fluorescence using 5 different anti-sera or patient's serum. The results showed
      positive fluorescence with anti-IgG-antibodies in patients with aortic valve
      disease (23%) and with congestive cardiomyopathy (73%). The immunoglobulin
      deposits were located mainly in the subendocardial connective tissue. These
      deposits showed also slight fluorescence with anti-IgM, anti-C1q and anti-C4
      antibodies. However, a correlation between the hemodynamic and immunologic
      findings was not demonstrated. It is concluded that the myocardial immune
      complexes appear to be reactive and do not play an essential role in the
      pathogenesis of congestive cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 161074
TI  - Induced pain referral from posterior lumbar elements in normal subjects.
AB  - Patterns of pain referral, induced from the posterior elements, have been studied
      in normal volunteer subjects. A series of intracapsular and pericapsular
      injections were performed at the L1-2 and L4-5 levels. The areas of pain referral
      indicate overlap between the upper and lower lumbar spine. It is also shown that
      the pericapsular and intrafacetal pain referral areas are similar and that the
      upper lumbar spine is more sensitive than the lower.

PMID- 161075
TI  - The pharmacologic approach in differential diagnosis of chronic pain.
AB  - Chronic pain of unknown cause below waist level was evaluated in 100 patients by
      using the Differential Spinal Block (DSB) in a multidisciplinary pain clinic
      setting. The classic DSB approach, refined for better control of psychologic
      variables, was found to be a safe and effective means of differentiating various
      pain mechanisms. We found that, of all patients tested, 55% had pain of central
      or psychogenic origin and 30% had sympathetically mediated pain, as compared with
      15% who had somatic pain. A long-term follow-up of these patients confirmed this
      impression. These results substantiated the importance of psychologic variables,
      in dicating the necessity for use of behavioral-based therapies in conjunction
      with the routine use of the refined diagnostic DSB procedure in patients with
      chronic pain.

PMID- 161077
TI  - The children at Beech Tree House.

PMID- 161076
TI  - An analysis of differential epidural spinal anesthesia and pentothal pain study
      in the differential diagnosis of back pain. Aids in avoiding unnecessary back
      surgery.
AB  - The selection of the proper patient for back surgery is of prime importance and
      is the topic of this report. An analysis of patients evaluated with differential
      epidural spinal anesthesia and the Pentothal pain study show these tests to be
      helpful in separating those patients with primarily organic pain who could
      benefit from surgery from those patients with primarily functional pain who
      should not be operated upon. These tests will help one determine whether a
      disability is related to the severity of pain, to the patient's emotional
      response to pain, or to a somatic manifestation of a gross emotional breakdown.

PMID- 161078
TI  - Tinea versicolor and Pityrosporum orbiculare: a mycological investigation.

PMID- 161079
TI  - Pharyngeal infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - During 1978, 156 patients were treated for pharyngeal infection with Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae; 115 (74%) returned for a posttreatment culture. Aqueous procaine
      penicillin G (4.8 X 10(6) units) given im with (19 patients) or without (64
      patients) orally administered ampicillin for four days was successful therapy in
      86% of instances. All seven patients who received tetracycline hydrochloride
      orally for five days had negative posttreatment cultures, as did nine of 12
      patients who received 2.0 g (four patients) or 4.0 g (eight patients) of
      spectinomycin hydrochloride, im. Concurrent anogenital infection with N.
      gonorrhoeae was documented for about 60% of the patients, and, with one
      exception, was eradicated by these treatment schedules.

PMID- 161080
TI  - Plastic reconstruction after bypass surgery and massive weight loss.
AB  - In summary, the surgical techniques described can provide substantial benefit to
      selected patients who have sustained massive weight loss. As in all cosmetic
      surgery, patient selection must be meticulous. The expectations of the patient
      must be realistic, and the very real risks of the operative procedures must be
      understood. Patients who have sustained massive weight loss should be informed of
      the possibilities of reconstructive plastic surgery.

PMID- 161081
TI  - Some biochemical lesions in myocardial disease.

PMID- 161082
TI  - [Clinical use of antiandrogens (author's transl)].

PMID- 161083
TI  - [Intraoperative hemodynamic measurements].

PMID- 161084
TI  - [Disabled children. Various aspects of occurrence, diagnosis and treatment of
      handicaps].

PMID- 161085
TI  - Effects of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) on renal function and renal organic ion
      transport in the rat.
AB  - 1,3-Hexachorobutadiene (HCBD) has been suggested to cause nephrotoxicity. In
      addition, it is eliminated to a large extent in the urine. This study was
      designed to examine the effects of HCBD on overall renal function and specific
      renal transport systems in the rat. A single i.p. dose of 100 mg HCBD/kg caused a
      reduction in urine osmolality and body weight. Urine flow rate increased slightly
      and marked increases in urinary protein, glucose and ketones were observed. Renal
      slices after the same dose showed a reduced PAH accumulation. The transport of
      other organic compounds was affected only slightly. After daily administration on
      4 successive days with various doses a graded response was observed on both
      transport and overall renal function. Glutathione administered in a 2.5-fold
      molar excess did not obtund the effects of HCBD on renal function or transport

PMID- 161086
TI  - [Analysis of Sonne dysentery in Leningrad performed taking into account the
      results of the enzymatic typing of the causative agents according to 1973-1975
      data].

PMID- 161087
TI  - [Analysis of Sonne dysentery in Leningrad performed taking into account the
      intratypic differentiation of the causative agent according to 1973-1975 data].

PMID- 161088
TI  - [Characteristics of colienteritis 0111 in Leningrad].

PMID- 161089
TI  - [Biological characteristics of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli from serological
      groups 0142 and 0159 isolated in Leningrad].

PMID- 161090
TI  - [Results of 28 years of observations of the circulation of biologically
      nonuniform varieties of Salmonella typhimurium].

PMID- 161091
TI  - [Psychological aspects of dental practice for children].

PMID- 161092
TI  - Tests for linkage between genes for HLA and immunoglobulin heavy chains (Gm).

PMID- 161094
TI  - The role of non-HLA antigens in MLC.

PMID- 161093
TI  - Probable existence of four subloci in the HLA-DR (or D) region.

PMID- 161095
TI  - Kinetic characteristics of human suppressor cells.

PMID- 161096
TI  - Suppressor cells of the mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with Hodgkin's
      disease.

PMID- 161097
TI  - Some characteristics of in vivo generated suppressor cells.

PMID- 161098
TI  - Suppression of the cytotoxic response (CML) in man by precultured cells:
      association with a monocyte/macrophage cell fraction.

PMID- 161099
TI  - Suppressor cells in human renal allograft recipients.

PMID- 161100
TI  - Mechanisms of prolongation of graft survival.

PMID- 161101
TI  - Immunobiology of trophoblast membrane glycoproteins.

PMID- 161102
TI  - Donor-specific blood transfusions in HLA-D-disparate one-haplotype-related
      allografts.

PMID- 161103
TI  - MLC, PHA, HLA, and DRw studies in renal allografting.

PMID- 161104
TI  - Antibody-producing cells are generated in mixed lymphocyte culture.

PMID- 161105
TI  - [Combined inhalation of salbutamol and ipratropin in chronic bronchial
      obstruction].

PMID- 161106
TI  - [On the 60th birthday of D. D. Murvanidze].

PMID- 161107
TI  - [In memory of Mariia Mikhailovna Zolotareva].

PMID- 161108
TI  - [In memory of Isaak Grigor'evich Ershkovich].

PMID- 161109
TI  - Amputation of the equine urethral process affected with habronemiasis.

PMID- 161110
TI  - Occupational exposures to pesticides containing organoarsenicals in California.
AB  - The only organic arsenicals used in agriculture are methanearsonic acid (MSMA)
      and its sodium and ammonium salts and dimethylarsinic acid (cacodylic acid) and
      its sodium salt. They have an oral LD50 in the rat of 700-1,000 mg/kg and are
      classified as toxicity category 3 pesticides. During the three-year period 1975,
      1976 and 1977 in California there were 34 reports by physicians of injury due to
      exposure to pesticides containing organic arsenicals of which nine resulted in
      systemic symptoms and the remainder being eye and skin irritations. There
      appeared to be prompt recovery from these exposures. They were caused primarily
      by use of faulty equipment, not using due care in its operation, poor work
      practices and improper use of protective equipment. There is no evidence that
      this group of chemicals is carcinogenic in animals or man.

PMID- 161111
TI  - The athletic heart revisited: sudden death of a 28-year-old athlete.

PMID- 161112
TI  - [Evaluation of the Pfannenstiel's incision for routine laparotomy in
      gynecological surgery].

PMID- 161113
TI  - [Rare complications of laparoscopy].

PMID- 161114
TI  - [Lyell's syndrome].

PMID- 161115
TI  - [Fulminating gangrene of the penis].

PMID- 161117
TI  - [Ceka--the universal attachment].

PMID- 161116
TI  - [Our experiences with uroflowmetry].
AB  - The uroflowmetry is an essential part of the complex urodynamic examinations. One
      of its advantages is the non-invasive behaviour; the patient does not suffer any
      inconveniences. It is suitable for the evaluation of the success in surgical
      interventions due to obstructions in the lower urinary tracts, for control of
      results of the medicamentous therapy or after operative procedures, which have as
      their purpose the improvement of the function of the detrusor and for the general
      differentiation of diseases which are accompanied by dysuric symptoms. The
      technique renders possible the registration, the preservation of date and means
      an unlimited repeatable methody.

PMID- 161118
TI  - [Gnathology].

PMID- 161119
TI  - [Love in old peoples home. A study in geriatric prosthetics].

PMID- 161120
TI  - [Heraeus dental alloys].

PMID- 161121
TI  - [Prosthetics].

PMID- 161122
TI  - [Adaptation and elegance in porcelain and metalloporcelain].

PMID- 161124
TI  - [Dental technology in the Federal Republic of Germany].

PMID- 161123
TI  - [Cutting-rational use].

PMID- 161125
TI  - [Prosthetics--impressions].

PMID- 161126
TI  - [Metalloceramics].

PMID- 161127
TI  - [A new hinged flask and aspects of plastic casting and changes from conventional
      filling and pressure technic].

PMID- 161128
TI  - [Spastic lock of fallopian tube in laparoscopic representation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Spastic tubal occlusion was established by laparoscopy, a condition recorded on
      tubal function tests primarily from patients with genital hypoplasia. These
      accounted for eight per cent of all patients examined for sterility. Hints are
      given on the detection of tubal spasm, differential diagnosis for delimitation
      from organically caused tubal occlusion, and remedial action.

PMID- 161129
TI  - [Histophysiological characterisation of chorion. Histological, histochemical, and
      electron-microscopic investigations (author's transl)].
AB  - Histological, histochemical, and electron-microscopic techniques were used to
      investigate the chorion in 15 women over the first four to eight weeks of normal
      pregnancy. Evidence was produced to maximum enzyme activity and lipoid
      accumulation between the sixth and eighth weeks. These findings were confirmed by
      ultrastructural observation. Data were collected on active exchange in x-cells.
      That exchange together with manifest delta 5-3-beta hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase
      were found to cause not only oxidative processes, but, with some reasonable
      probability, synthesis of steroid hormones in the chorion, as well.

PMID- 161130
TI  - A comparative study of DNA-induced transformants and spontaneous revertants of
      inositolless Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Inositolless (inl-) Neurospora crassa strains were treated with DNA (allo-DNA) of
      wild type N. Crassa. Hyphal fragments of a mycelial suspension of the N. Crassa
      ragged inl- strain used as recipient in our transformation experiments were found
      to consist of units containing 100--1000 nuclei. In this strain the inositol
      independent (inl+) nuclei appearing after DNA treatment or by spontaneous
      reversion are present in the cytoplasm together with a large number of inl-
      nuclei. Thus, both transformation and reversion initially must result in
      heterokaryosis. Under appropriate conditions the inl- nuclei can be detected in
      the transformed and spontaneous inl+ phenotype revertant strains. Spontaneous
      revertants are usually characterized by the loss of their inl+ nuclei after
      transfers on inositol-supplemented medium. On minimal medium, the growth rate of
      transformed strains is significantly lower than that of spontaneous revertants.
      The inl+ gene appearing after DNA treatment or by spontaneous reversion is
      inherited as a trait bound to chromosomes. In crosses with the transformed
      strains, there is a significant increase in the number of non-Mendelian (6:2 and
      5:3) tetrads in the inl locus.

PMID- 161131
TI  - Kinetic modelling of yeast phosphofructokinase.
AB  - Phosphofructokinase from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is an octameric
      enzyme which exhibits complex allosteric behaviour. In contrast to mammalian
      phosphofructokinase, the enzyme does not show association-dissociation behaviour.
      A systematic kinetic investigation at pH 7.2 in dependence on the substrates,
      fructose 6-phosphate and ATP as well as on the effectors AMP and ADP is
      presented. The results are interpreted in terms of a structure oriented
      theoretical model. Because the two state model of Monod, Wyman and Changeux
      proved to be insufficient for interpretation of the experimental data, it was
      extended to a four state model in which the basic conformations R and T of the
      enzyme are split into subconformations R1 and R2 as well as T1 and T2,
      respectively. It is assumed that fructose 6-phosphate and the adenine nucleotides
      influence different allosteric equilibria. The model permits a precise
      quantitative description of the experimental data.

PMID- 161132
TI  - Regulation of intermediary phosphorylation of K+-ATPase from pig gastric mucosa
      by sodium ions.

PMID- 161134
TI  - Significance of HLA antigens and the mixed lymphocyte reaction in psoriasis.
AB  - Human Major Histocompatibility (HLA) complex antigens B13, BW16, BW17, CW6 and  D
      MA are increased in frequency in patients with psoriasis. Of these, the strongest
      association is with HLA-CW6 and D-MA, with a relative risk of 10.4. Since no
      strong association with any HLA-A locus antigen is seen, it seems likely that the
      disease susceptibility gene for psoriasis lies close to the HLA-D locus, which is
      defined by the use of the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In the mouse, the
      Immune response (Ir) genes are found in the MLR region and it is thought that Ia
      antigens lie at a corresponding location in man. Recently, we have demonstrated
      that human epidermal cells cause stimulation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction.
      Lymphocyte antigens which stimulate in this reaction are known to be products of
      HLA genes and anti-HLA-D sera block stimulation by epidermal cells. It is
      possible that these antigens may be involved in the regulation of cell--cell
      communication. Psoriasis is a disease characterized by epidermal
      hyperproliferation. It is possible, therefore, that an HLA-linked deficiency of
      recognition between epidermal cells exists in patients with psoriasis and that
      this defect allows abnormal cellular proliferation to occur.

PMID- 161133
TI  - Surface features and behavior of the connective tissue cell.
AB  - The surface features and behavior of the connective tissue cell in normal areas
      and in healing incisions of the aponeuroses of the abdominal wall of the albino
      rat were studied with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The normal cell is
      smooth, oval or triangular in outline and has a generally rounded surface and
      very short or no cell processes. The behavior of the fibroblasts and the
      condition of the fibers in and around the wounds were visualized. Shortly after
      the incision, the fibroblasts accumulated around the wound, possibly by increased
      cell division. At the site of the incision the cells responded by a self
      protective mechanism in which they withdrew their processes and acquired a
      spheroid form. During the maximum period of a fibrillogenesis the fibroblasts
      enlarged, acquired a fusiform outline and long processes, exhibited a roughened
      surface and were surrounded with small rounded cell particles polymerizing into
      fine fibrils. The process of collagen secretion and three stages of collagen
      maturation were visualized. Some abnormal cells were seen; they could be evidence
      of merocrine or holocrine mode of secretion or possibly signs of cell senility.

PMID- 161135
TI  - Psoriasis: odd varieties in the adult.
AB  - Occasionally we observe particular varieties of psoriasis and in rare cases
      transitional features with other diseases, which pose problems concerning the
      differential diagnosis and the nosological classification. This communication
      deals with the following clinical and histological aspects of psoriasis: 1)
      Sebopsoriasis. Relationship of psoriasis to pityriasis rubra pilaris. 2) Erythema
      annulare centrifugum type of psoriasis. 3) Is subcorneal pustular dermatosis an
      expression of pustular psoriasis? 4) Salient histopathological criteria for the
      diagnosis of the different atypical forms of psoriasis. 5) Presentation of an
      unusal case with striated and retiform verrucous psoriasis-like eruptions, which
      show a relationship to parakeratosis variegata.

PMID- 161136
TI  - Particular clinical features of psoriasis in infants and chidren.
AB  - The onset of psoriasis is observed before the age of 10 years in 15% of all
      patients. The clinical pattern often takes on a peculiar form. Psoriasis guttata-
      or less frequently nummular psoriasis--is the initial phase during childhood. It
      is very difficult to establish a diagnosis on the basis of incipient features
      when childhood psoriasis is located on the head, palms, soles, or on the fingers,
      toes and nails. Intertriginous or flexural psoriasis, psoriasis spinulosa and
      oral psoriasis is also described. The onset of napkin psoriasis starts at the age
      of 3 months. Occasionally, Leiner's disease may develop into a typical, chronic
      psoriasis. We have concentrated our studies on the less common features of
      childhood psoriasis: the generalized pustular infantile form, congenital
      psoriatic erythroderma, acquired psoriatic erythroderma, and infantile
      arthropathic psoriasis.

PMID- 161137
TI  - [Treatment of lumbar sciatica with chymopapain injections in the intervertebral
      disk. A 7-year clinical study].

PMID- 161139
TI  - [Papulotranslucid acrokeratodermia. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 161138
TI  - Anticataleptic action of psychostimulating drugs and serotonin in brain.
AB  - The effects of drugs changing serotonin activity in rats were studied observing
      changes in the anticataleptic action of amphetamine and ephedrine. It was
      observed that: 1) parachlorophenylalanine prolonged the anticataleptic action of
      ephedrine and, in part also, that of amphetamine, 2) methysergide alone exerted
      an anticataleptic effect and enhanced somewhat the same effect of both
      psychostimulating drugs used, 3) d, 1-tryptophan increased the intensity of
      catalepsy and reduced very significantly or abolished completely the
      anticataleptic action of ephedrine and amphetamine. These results support the
      view that the serotonin system exerts a suppressing effect on the central effects
      resulting from stimulation of catecholamine dependent functions.

PMID- 161140
TI  - [Oral rehabilitation under general anesthesia in pedodontics].

PMID- 161141
TI  - [Psychology applied to pedodontics].

PMID- 161142
TI  - [Characteristics of placental macrostructure in the inhabitants of the Tien-Shan
      high-altitude region].

PMID- 161143
TI  - Hypercapnia and hyperkalaemia.
AB  - Studies in patients undergoing peritoneal laparoscopy, in which carbon dioxide
      was used as insufflating gas, showed that artificial hyperventilation was an
      effective means of preventing serious hypercapnia. The hypercapnia caused a rapid
      hyperkalaemia and there was a linear relationship between the two. Reversal of
      the hypercapnia caused the serum potassium to fall towards normal but the speed
      of this fall did not match the speed of reduction in Paco2. It is suggested that
      the changes in serum potassium following changes in Paco2 may have some clinical
      relevance in potassium-depicted patients.

PMID- 161144
TI  - Reactions to Haemaccel.

PMID- 161145
TI  - "9 + 0" immotile spermatozoa in an infertile man.
AB  - In this paper the peculiar case of an infertile man, possessing only normally
      shaped, but stiff and immotile spermatozoa is described. All the sperm are
      conventionally structured, with the constant characteristic of the absence of
      central tubules and projections forming the so-called central sheath.
      Electrophoretic analysis of the high molecular weight polypeptide chains
      attributed to dyneins shows the constant absence of one chain. The importance of
      the central structure, usually belonging to the "9 + 2" model spermatozoa, and
      the possible localization of a dynein chain in this region are discussed.

PMID- 161146
TI  - [Neuromuscular block control during and after anaesthesia (author's transl)].
AB  - During many years the clinician's requirements for neuromuscular blocking drugs
      are satisfied by clinical investigations. Electromyographic recordings which are
      a satisfactory method are not useful in current practice. The use of nerve
      stimulators as Churchill Davidson apparatus modified for train of four impulses
      must reach the continental theatres, the response to neuromuscular blocking
      agents varying over a wide range. Five ways of stimulation can be used giving
      different informations, not only during anaesthesia, but so after particularly to
      specify the origin of some complications.

PMID- 161147
TI  - [Acute rheumatic carditis. Follow-up (author's transl)].
AB  - Thirteen cases with a first attack of acute theumatic carditis are presented,
      analyzing the clinical picture and long-term follow-up. Although the clinical
      acute attack was quite benign, incidence and importance of residual heart disease
      has not changed.

PMID- 161148
TI  - Effect of factors in thymic epithelial culture supernatants (TES) on in vitro
      maturation of thymocytes.

PMID- 161149
TI  - Effects of conditioned media of human thymus epithelial cultures on T-lymphocyte
      functions.

PMID- 161150
TI  - In vitro and in vivo enhancement of mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity by
      thymosin in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease.

PMID- 161151
TI  - Role of mitogenic factor, lymphocyte-activating factor and immune interferon in
      the induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

PMID- 161152
TI  - Comparison of the plaque-stimulating and thymocyte-stimulating activities derived
      from human monocytes.
AB  - Human monocytes have been reported to release factors that can elicit distinct
      responses from a number of different target cells. In this report, it is shown
      that most of the thymocyte-stimulating activity in supernatants of endotoxin
      stimulated monocytes can be separated from the plaque-stimulating factor (BAF) by
      gel filtration and isoelectric focusing; however, since these activities could
      not be entirely resolved, the question was addressed whether the plaque
      stimulating activity of BAF depends upon the stimulation of T-cells. Several
      critical experiments are reported which fail to support this hypothesis. On the
      other hand, these experiments led to the observation that the response to BAF
      depends on both an IgM-positive B-cell and a G10-adherent, plastic nonadherent,
      IgM-negative, irradiation-insensitive cell found in nude splenocytes. Finally,
      the possibility is discussed that this factor may be responsible for many of the
      physiological sequelae of infection.

PMID- 161153
TI  - Thymic inducers of human T-lymphocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 161155
TI  - Characteristics of an electromagnetic flow meter specially built to measure
      intestinal flow in sheep.

PMID- 161154
TI  - Thymosin modulation of suppressor function in mice and man.
AB  - The effect of thymosin on suppressor-cell function was evaluated in vivo in a
      murine tumor system and in vitro on human lymphocytes. In mice, the Lewis tumor
      system was used. We showed that splenocytes from tumor-bearing animals were able
      to enhance tumor growth in a syngeneic system. This enhancement was similar when
      thymocytes from tumor-bearing animals were used and disappeared after anti-Thy 1
      2 antiserum treatment, suggesting a T-dependence. Treatment of the tumor-growth
      enhancing lymphocytes with corticosteroids or irradiation caused this effect to
      disappear completely suggesting that the tumor-growth-enhancing T-lymphocytes
      were suppressor T-cells. Furthermore thymosin (fraction 5)-treated, tumor-growth
      enhancing T-lymphocytes were not able to enhance tumor growth and even
      significantly decreased it. In the human system we showed that Con A-stimulated
      lymphocytes were able to suppress the response of normal lymphocytes to PHA, PWM,
      and Con A, and in MLC. This effect was significantly blocked in presence of
      thymosin fraction 5.

PMID- 161156
TI  - Phosphorylation of streptozotocin during uptake via the phosphoenolpyruvate:
      sugar phosphotransferase system in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis
      defective in the general components (enzyme I, or HPr, or both) of the
      phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system are shown to be resistant to
      the antibiotic streptozotocin. It is shown here, employing 32P-labeled
      phosphoenolpyruvate, that wild-type cells of E. coli phosphorylate
      streptozotocin, whereas with a phosphotransferase system-defective mutant of E.
      coli the drug is recovered in an unaltered, free form. The internal accumulation
      of streptozotocin at the steady-state level was about 70 times that of the
      concentration in the external medium. The antibacterial action of streptozotocin,
      as well as the uptake of the drug, was inhibited by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The
      uptake of the antibiotic was extremely sensitive to p-chloromercuribenzoate. It
      is concluded that streptozotocin is taken up by E. coli via the
      phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system and consequently accumulates
      in the cell at first as streptozotocin-phosphate.

PMID- 161158
TI  - Minocycline therapy for acne.

PMID- 161157
TI  - Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin associated with stalk rot in corn.
AB  - The mycotoxins zearalenone (2.8 micrograms/g), deoxynivalenol (1.5 microgram/g),
      and T-2 toxin (110 ng/g) have been found in the pith of corn stalks standing in
      the field. Such contaminated stalks may contribute to mycotoxicoses of farm
      animals.

PMID- 161159
TI  - Mouse epidermal and skin extracts tested for cytostatic activity ("chalones").
      Effects on organ and cell cultures.
AB  - Crude and fractionated epidermal extracts have been shown to decrease the growth
      and viability of epidermal cells (mouse ear organ cultures) as well as of murine
      mastocytoma cells, fibroblasts (L cells) and kidney cells (primary cultures).
      This cytotoxicity has been demonstrated to be due to the extracts and not to
      parasitic toxins. Furthermore, extracts prepared from dermis, mammary glands, and
      liver were likewise cytotoxic. These results do not confirm the presence of
      tissue-specific growth inhibitors (chalones) which have been claimed by others to
      be present in epidermal extracts.

PMID- 161160
TI  - Gonococcal urethritis--diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - For men with urethral discharge, a simple gram stained smear is 98% sensitive and
      over 99% specific in detecting gonococcal infection when compared to a single
      Thayer-Martin culture. The smear is less than 50% sensitive in asymptomatic
      urethritis. Neither Fluorescent antibody nor various serologic tests offer any
      diagnostic advantages over smears and/or cultures and they are not cost
      effective. Treatment of gonococcal urethritis may be successfully accomplished
      with a variety of antibiotic regimens. Tetracycline hydrochloride (500 mg four
      times a day for 5 days) is highly effective, inexpensive, and is active against
      Chlamydia trachomatis; post gonococcal urethritis (PGU) is therefore uncommon.
      Aqueous Procaine Penicillin G (4.8 million units IM with 1 g of probenecid) has
      become the standard in the United States but suffers from higher cost, the need
      for refrigeration, occasional alarming toxic procaine reactions, and a high
      incidence of PGU. Spectinomycin 2 g IM remains expensive but is the regimen of
      choice for treatment failures and for Neisseria gonorrhoeae that produce
      penicillinase (PPNG). Other antibiotics active against PPNG are cotrimoxozole,
      cefoxitin, and cefuroxime. PNNG have now been reported from 27 countries
      throughout the world, but have attained significant prevalence in only a few
      areas of East Asia and West Africa. Because gonococcal patterns of antibiotic
      resistance are constantly changing, each region of the world needs to monitor
      treatment results and maintain some surveillance over sensitivity to antibiotics.

PMID- 161161
TI  - [Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to blockade of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase].
AB  - Five cases of congenital 3 beta-hydroxysteroid deshydrogenase deficiency in
      children are reported: four boys with perineal posterior hypospadias and one girl
      with clitoromegaly. The salt losing syndrome was clinically overt in only three
      patients. The main biological character was the very high level of plasma
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) with an elevated DHA/delta 4 androstenedione ratio.
      The 17 alpha-OH progesterone, though in normal biosynthesis of glucocorticoids
      being produced beyond the enzymatic block, was raised, but this apparently
      paradoxical observation may assist making the diagnosis. Deficient production of
      testosterone was demonstrated in the prepubertal boys by absence of postnatal
      rise in plasma testosterone or a decreased reponse of plasma testosterone to
      chorionic gonadotrophin. It is concluded that deficiency of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      deshydrogenase, now easily recognizable with the use of plasma steroids
      radioimmunoassay, is probably less rare than was apparent with the use of urinary
      steroid estimations.

PMID- 161162
TI  - [Mucolipidosis type II. Report of 2 suggestive cases].
AB  - The clinical and laboratorial study of two brothers with gargoylism is reported.
      The examination of the urine showed normal findings of mucopolysaccharides. The
      authors made differential diagnoses with others mucolipidoses and concluded that
      mucolipidose type II should be considered in any patient with gargoylism.

PMID- 161163
TI  - [Anatomo-pathological study of the brain in idiopathic cardiomegaly].
AB  - The pathological findings in the brain of patients who died with idiopathic
      cardiomegaly are reported. The major findings in the 38 studied cases were
      cerebral infarcts (10,5%) and cerebral atrophy (7,9%) besides the nonspecific
      histological changes represented by neuronal ischemic alteration, satellitosis of
      nerve cells and swollen and hyperplasia of endothelial cells in capilaries of the
      cerebral cortex. These findings were considered a consequence of the venous
      stasis of the congestive heart failure. These data were compared to those seen in
      the brain of patients with heart failure in the course of chronic Chagas disease.
      The morphological findings were similar. The frequence of infarcts and atrophy
      was higher in the cases of Chagas disease and the cerebral atrophy was seen in an
      younger group of patients compared to the cases of idiopathic cardiomegaly. It
      seems that there is another factor also responsible for the occurrence of
      cerebral atrophy in Chagas disease, since from the clinical and hemodynamic point
      of view both cardiopathies have many similarities.

PMID- 161164
TI  - The current status of home total parenteral nutrition.
AB  - The history and current status of home total parenteral nutrition are reviewed.
      Patients without a functional intestinal tract are able to lead a relatively
      normal life, infusing their essential nutrients through a Silastic central venous
      catheter while they sleep at night. The average catheter life is nine months.
      Suspected sepsis and obstruction of the catheter were the leading causes for
      catheter removal.

PMID- 161165
TI  - Subcutaneous peritoneal catheter: 2 1/2 years experience.

PMID- 161166
TI  - Preparation of parietal peritoneum for measurements of in vitro permeability.
AB  - An experimental method for in vitro studies of permeability of parietal
      peritoneal membrane was developed in rats. Sodium and potassium fluxes across the
      peritoneum lining two different regions (the diaphragm and the anterior abdominal
      wall) were estimated and electrical resistance of the isolated membranes were
      determined. A significant reciprocal correlation was observed between the two
      indices. Quantitative differences between the two types of membranes were found,
      the diaphragmatic region being more permeable than the other. It is suggested
      that a monolayer of mesothelial cells covering the membranes is partially
      responsible for these differences. The parietal peritoneum was found to be less
      permeable than visceral peritoneum (mesentery) studied under identical
      conditions.

PMID- 161167
TI  - Determination of cardiac output of the artificial heart from the drive air flow.
AB  - An indication chamber, inserted between the right heart drive and the pump
      proper, was designed to provide continual measurement of the quantity of blood
      pumped by the pneumatic artificial heart. The flow is evaluated from the motion
      of a piston provided with a photoelectric transducer. The effect of
      compressibility of the drive gas on measurement accuracy is eliminated. The
      indication chamber provides for automatic replenishment of gas that escapes by
      diffusion and through minor leakage. During testing in an artificial circulation
      within the range of physiological conditions, measurement in accuracies did not
      exceed 5%.

PMID- 161168
TI  - Genetic counselling for neurological disorders.
AB  - When parents have a child with any problem, they usually become concerned about
      the chances of this problem recurring if they have further children, or of
      appearing in their grandchildren. Similarly, persons with any congenital disorder
      themselves or family history of such disorder, often worry about their future
      children. Genetic counselling can in most cases provide reassurance that there is
      little need for concern. In those instances where the risks are real, they can be
      put into perspective and often effectively circumvented by procedures such as
      prenatal diagnosis. Pregnant women of advanced age run increased risks of having
      children with chromosome disorders; it is of benefit to individual couples and to
      the community to refer such women for amniocentesis.

PMID- 161169
TI  - 'Oscopy' in obstetrics and gynaecology.
AB  - Endoscopy has enhanced the science and practice of obstetrics and gynaecology
      immeasurably over the last decade. There is an established place for most of
      these procedures, especially in the case of laparoscopy. The hazard of
      laparoscopy should be able to be further reduced. In the case of laparoscopic
      sterilization, probably the most conservative method should be used, especially
      in those at risk of seeking reversal. Hysteroscopy has a small but significant
      place, mainly in diagnosis. Although promising, foetoscopy is still very much in
      the development phase.

PMID- 161170
TI  - Combined cholinergic antagonist and beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist bronchodilator
      therapy by inhalation.
AB  - The bronchodilator effects of 40 microgram ipratropium bromide (I) and 400
      microgram fenoterol (F) by pressurised aerosol and both drugs in combination were
      compared with placebo (P) in a double-blind study in eight patients with chronic,
      partially reversible airways obstruction. The four treatments were (1) IP, (2)
      PF, (3) IF and (4) PP, with the second aerosol administered two hours after the
      first. Both drugs produced significant bronchodilatation for five hours, the
      response being greater and more rapid in onset with fenoterol. Both drugs in
      combination (IF) produced significant additive bronchodilatation from three to
      six hours after fenoterol. This additive effect may have been due to the improved
      lung function caused by ipratropium bromide and does not imply a synergistic
      effect. There were no side-effects reported. The results suggest that both
      ipratropium bromide and fenoterol are effective bronchodilating agents in
      patients with chronic asthma.

PMID- 161171
TI  - Action of lithium on ATPases in the rat iris and visual cortex.

PMID- 161172
TI  - Pustular acne vulgaris. Rotational oral antibacterial therapy for 1 year.

PMID- 161173
TI  - Studies on poison ivy. In vitro lymphocyte transformation by urushiol-protein
      conjugates.
AB  - The isolation and purification of poison ivy urushiol is described. The
      preparation of urushiol-ski protein and urushiol human serum albumin is also
      described. Lymphocytes from eleven donor naturally sensitized to poison ivy and
      from four non-sensitive individuals have been cultured for 5 days in the presence
      of urushiol-carrier conjugates. Lymphocytes from seven of the eleven sensitive
      donors responded with a stimulation index greater than 3.0 to urushiol-albumin
      conjugate. When urushiol-skin protein conjugate was used as a stimulant,
      lymphocytes from only three of the eleven sensitive donors responded. The results
      suggest that urushiol-protein conjugates can stimulate sensitive lymphocytes in
      vitro, although a response is not observed in every individual naturally
      sensitized to poison ivy.

PMID- 161174
TI  - Complement C3 and immunoglobulin in inflammatory acne vulgaris.
AB  - In patients with moderate to severe inflammatory acne, complement (C3) was
      detected by immunofluorescence in sixteen early inflammatory acne lesions but in
      only one of thirteen biopsies of non-inflamed skin from acne sites. C3 deposition
      occurred particularly in the walls of small dermal blood vessels and at the dermo
      epidermal junction. IgM was identified in vessel walls in four of sixteen early
      lesions. In eight late inflammatory lesions C3 deposition was much less prominent
      and was present in vessel walls in only two. None of the late lesions showed
      vascular deposition of IgM. The observations indicate that complement activation
      occurs in inflammatory acne and it is suggested that this may play a pathogenic
      role in the inflammation.

PMID- 161175
TI  - The fate of phage lambda DNA in lambda-infected minicells.
AB  - The fate of phage lambda DNA in lambda-infected Escherichia coli minicells
      harboring the plasmid ColE1, and in plasmid-free minicells, were studied. Binding
      of lambda DNA to the minicell membrane, and formation of the supercoiled
      covalently-closed circular structure has been demonstrated. Phage infection
      abolishes plasmid DNA synthesis. Only a very slight, non-replicative lambda DNA
      synthesis occurs, soon after infection. This synthesis is associated with
      fragments of lambda DNA arising during, or soon after its penetration.

PMID- 161176
TI  - Effect of crosslinking by glutaraldehyde on interaction of F-actin with heavy
      meromyosin.
AB  - Crosslinking of F-actin by a bifunctional reagent glutaraldehyde resulted in a
      marked decrease of viscosity and length of F-actin filaments. The extent and rate
      of superprecipitation of actomyosin reconstituted from the modified actin were
      lower than those of unmodified actin-myosin complex, but activation of heavy
      meromyosin ATPase by the crosslinked actin was higher than by unmodified one.
      Heavy meromyosin ATPase activated by the crosslinked actin was distinctly less
      dependent on KCl concentration than that activated by unmodified actin. Turbidity
      of the modified acto-heavy meromyosin in the presence of ATP exceeded the sum of
      turbidities of actin and heavy meromyosin, whereas in the case of unmodified acto
      heavy meromyosin the turbidity was comparable to that for noninteracting system.
      The difference in activation of heavy meromyosin. ATPase by the cross-linked and
      unmodified actin, clearly seen at room temperature, significantly diminished when
      temperature was lowered to 0 degrees C.

PMID- 161177
TI  - On the mechanical properties of human intervertebral disc material.

PMID- 161178
TI  - General mechanisms of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Rheumatoid synovitis is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of two major
      types of immunologically-induced inflammation. These usually occur concurrently
      in the same joint. A cellular immune response is present in the sublining layer
      of the synovial membrane and an immune complex-induced acute inflammatory
      reaction is present in the synovial effusion phase of the disease. The two
      reactions are closely related and mutually interdependent. The cellular immune
      response is reduced in rheumatoid arthritis, but the chronic inflammatory cells
      of the synovium are active in the synthesis of IgG and probably considerable
      amounts of IgG rheumatoid factor. Rheumatoid factor complexes, particularly IgG
      RF complexes, appear to be responsible for the exudative, immune complex-induced
      inflammatory phase of the disease.

PMID- 161179
TI  - [Bactericidal effects of macrophages of mice treated with interferon].
AB  - The preparations of interferon or virus-inhibiting factor produced in L cell (L
      IF) and mouse brain (MB-IF) enhanced the killing of Staphylococcus aureus (S.a.)
      by the mouse peritoneal macrophage. The L-IF, heat-inactivated at 80 degrees or
      60 degrees for 30 min., and mock L-IF could not enhance the killing of S.a. The
      heterologous human and rabbit interferon preparations didn't enhance the
      bactericidal activity of macrophage. The L-IF didn't have any effect on the
      release of lysozyme from the macrophages.

PMID- 161180
TI  - [Effect of interferon on the increased reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)].
AB  - Human leukocyte interferon (HL-IF) enhanced the NBT reduction of human peripheral
      neutrophil in vitro. Dose relation between IF activity and the NBT reduction was
      recognized. Heat-inactivated HL-IF, HL-IF neutralized by anti-IF serum or
      heterologous IF could not increase the NBT reduction.

PMID- 161181
TI  - [Intrahepatic pancrease in Sparus datnia (Ham. Buch.), a Sparidae of the Persian
      Gulf].
AB  - A fish, Sparus datnia (Ham. Buch.), Sparidae, protandric, is one of the species,
      which has a diffusing intrahepatic pancreas. The gland is compound of two parts :
      the exocrine part (follow the branches of the portal vein), and the endocrine
      part (langerhans islets, more or less abundent in the external side of the
      endocrine part). Three kinds of granular cells are recognized in the endocrine
      islets.

PMID- 161182
TI  - [Effects of water intake on variations of plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood
      aldosterone during physical exercise in man].
AB  - In man, increase of renin and aldosterone levels in sera resulting from a brief
      and heavy muscular exercise on bicyle ergometer is notably reduced but not
      abolished by massive hydration.

PMID- 161183
TI  - [Transfer of monovalent cations across the isolated human amniotic membrane].
AB  - When the conductance and the bi-ionic potential are measured in vitro, monovalent
      cations are transferred according to a simple diffusion mechanism across the
      amnion (from the inside to the outside of the amniotic cavity or in the reverse
      direction) in channels with neutral or negative fixed sites. For equal
      concentration, the permeability to K+ is superior to that of Na+.

PMID- 161184
TI  - [C-cell hyperplasia in the thyroid of the normal rat].
AB  - During life of normal rat, it appears an hyperplasia of thyroideal C cells,
      eventually till tumors, a progressive hypertrophy of parathyroid glands and a
      fall of calcemia. Chronological study of these phenomena shows that C cells
      hyperplasia precedes parathyroid hypertrophy. This last so appears as a reaction
      against hypocalcemia provoked by hyperplasia of parafollicular cells.

PMID- 161185
TI  - [Effect of the time of theophylline administration on the intensity of diuresis
      and natriuresis in the rat].
AB  - The present study originates in two experimental data: circadian variations
      evidence of water, electrolytes and solutes urinary excretion and theophylline
      diuretic and salidiuretic effects knowledge; we purpose to evidence theophylline
      induced water and sodium renal excretion in rats as modified by the time of drug
      administration. Theophylline single dose is injected in 100 animals (20 lots of 5
      rats) at 8 h, 14 h, 20 h or 2 h and urines are collected during a consecutive to
      injection hours long period: 8 h-14 h (I), 14 h-20 h (II), 20 h-2 h (III) or 2 h
      8 h (IV). Diuresis increases in + 40,4 p. cent (I), in + 123,7 p. cent (II), in +
      123,3 p. cent (III) in + 65,4 p. cent (IV). So, natriuresis increases in 39,6 p.
      cent (I), in 223,2 p. cent (II), in 114,3 p cent (III) and in 109,6 p. cent (IV).
      These results evidence that theophylline diuretic and natriuretic effects change
      strongly with injection time, being largest if it is injected at 14 h and
      slightest if injected at 8 h. Such observations prompt to study if the other
      pharmacological properties of theophylline, especially at pulmonary level,
      response also with a time-dependant intensity.

PMID- 161186
TI  - [Demonstration of the myotoxic effect of theophylline on the isolated kidney
      glomerulus of the rat].
AB  - After confirmation of the intense and very fast myorelaxant effect of
      theophylline on isolated glomeruli, xanthic reagent myotoxic effects are shown
      during more or less long contacts with these glomerular suspensions. We studied
      isolated glomeruli diameter evolution according to reagent dose (0,25 to 10
      mg/ml) and its contact length (1, 5, 10 minutes). If the diameter remains
      practically constant during all the period for the lowest doses, it begins to
      decrease after the 5th minute for higher (1 and 2,5 mg/ml) and cracks up in the
      first minutes for the biggest ones (5 and 10 mg/ml). Pharmacologic and toxic
      actions are discussed ; hypothesis of a toxic effect at smooth muscular cells
      level is proposed.

PMID- 161187
TI  - [Immunofluorescence demonstration of somatostatin-containing cells in the
      digestive tract of the monkeys irus, Macaca Papio hamadryas and Cercopithecus
      aethiops].
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence technique with antisomatostatin serum has allowed us
      to detect somatostatin containing cells in the gastro-intestinal tract of three
      species of monkeys : Macacus irus, Papio hamadryas and Cercopithecus aethiops.
      These cells are localized only in the stomach, in the duodenum, and in the
      jejunum-ileum. No somatostatin cells were encountered in the esophagus and in the
      colon. The maximum of somatostatin positive cells is localized in the duodenum,
      as well in the Lieberkuhn's glands as in the Brunner's glands. These cells are
      always separated from each other ; they were found only in glandular epithelium ;
      no immunopositive cells were observed in the surface epithelium. No morphological
      or numerical differences were noted between the three species of monkeys.

PMID- 161188
TI  - [SAMBA : a cytophotometer coupled to a computer for the purpose of the automatic
      study of cell kinetics and the recognition of cell types].
AB  - The system SAMBA has been designed for automatic analysis of biological images,
      at the cellular or subcellular level. The examination is performed at the maximum
      resolution power of the microscope. It enables to discriminate by means of a pool
      of morphological and densitometrical parameters, between cells in the different
      phases of the cell cycle, or between cells belonging to various types in
      heterogeneous populations. Other recognition programs are at present beeing in
      progress, in order to promote the use of SAMBA in other fields of fundamental
      research and clinical application. Owing to the minicomputer now in use, SAMBA is
      an autonomous system, capable of beeing routinely used in diagnostic centers.

PMID- 161189
TI  - [Effects of microwaves on the cellular immune response of Swiss mice].
AB  - Biological effects of microwaves (2450 MHz) were studied on cellular immune
      response of Swiss mouse. The obtained results show an increase of MIF, PFC and
      Phagocytosis values after microwaves irradiation.

PMID- 161190
TI  - [Diminution of blood and hepatic cholesterol induced by an apple-supplemented
      diet in the hamster. Trials in man].
AB  - The effects of an apple-supplemented diet on plasma and liver cholesterol were
      investigated in two strains of Hamster, a normal one and another which exhibits a
      spontaneous accumulation of cholesteryl esters in the liver (FEC animals). Adding
      of apples to the standard diet promoted a 20 % decrease of cholesterolemia in
      normal animals and normalized the high level of plasma cholesterol in the FEC
      animals. Similarly, the cholesterol content of the liver was diminished. The
      levels of cholesteryl esters were strongly lowered, threefold and tenfold
      respectively in normal and in FEC animals. Incorporation of labelled mevalonate
      into cholesterol was increased, but esterification of the neosynthesized sterol
      was markedly reduced in the liver from FEC animals. In human daily ingestion of
      apples caused a significative reduction (16 %) of cholesterolemia.

PMID- 161191
TI  - [A postsynaptic type nodal axon].
AB  - A node of Ranvier in which the nodal axon is post-synaptic to a terminal axon was
      found in the cerebral cortex of the rat near by an epileptic focus. This type of
      synapse is in itself a rare observation but is also worthwile considering because
      of its vicinity with this focus.

PMID- 161192
TI  - [Effect of vinblastine on the blast population of the thymus subcapsular zone in
      the mouse].
AB  - It is well admitted that blast cells of the thymic subcapsular zone play an
      important role in murine leukemogenesis. Previous ultrastructural investigations
      have revealed the morphological heterogeneity of this population which is formed
      by lymphoblasts, X cells and ring shaped nucleolus cells. These aspects could
      correspond to different positions in the cell cycle of an unique cell type. After
      administration of vinblastine, a drug blocking mitosis in metaphasis, the
      percentage of lymphoblasts decreases whereas the percentage of X cells increases.
      There is no modification of the number of ring-shaped nucleolus cells. This
      suggests that at least a part of lymphoblasts gives rise to x cells.

PMID- 161193
TI  - [Orthosympathetic reaction during paroxysmal asphyxia in the rat].
AB  - Acute hypercapnic hypoxia provoked by the ligature of the trachea kills the rat
      in 3 to 5 minutes. Catecholaminemia is immediately increased by adrenaline
      release from the adrenal medulla for the largest part. Catecholamine contents of
      the suprarenal glands is not decreased at the time of death.

PMID- 161194
TI  - [Role of host cells in suppression of the in vivo multiplication of Ehrlich's
      ascitic cancer cells by the virus-inhibiting factor or interferon].
AB  - Neither activation nor depression of murine peritoneal macrophages or lymphoid
      cells modified the suppressive effect of the virus-inhibiting factor or
      interferon on the multiplication of Ehrlich's ascitic cancer cells in mice.

PMID- 161195
TI  - [Effect of the virus-inhibiting factor or interferon on the division and
      differentiation of murine leukemic cells].
AB  - Myeloblasts of a clone originating from a spontaneous myeloid leukemia in mice
      were induced to form macrophages by the virus-inhibiting factor or interferon or
      its inducers such as Newcastle disease virus and double-stranded RNA.

PMID- 161196
TI  - [Purification and comparison of quail and chicken pepsinogens].
AB  - Pepsinogens of quail and chick, specific to adult proventriculus, were purified
      and their properties were compared. These two pepsinogens are similar in regard
      to enzymological characters, amino acid compositions, and immunological
      characters.

PMID- 161197
TI  - [Effects of 2 water-soluble contrast media, meglumine iothalamate (Conray) and
      meglumine iocarmate (Dimer-X), on the electric activity of identifiable giant
      neurons of the African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac)].
AB  - The influences of two water soluble contrast media, meglumine iothalamate and
      meglumine iocarmate, on the neuronal excitability and on the neuronal sensitivity
      to putative transmitters were examined in comparison with those of sucrose using
      two identifiable giant neurones of Achatina fulica Ferussac (the TAN and the
      PON). A relatively low increase of osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid,
      produced by the application of contrast media, reversed the Cl- dependent
      inhibition caused by a putative transmitter. The same increase of this osmotic
      pressure, however, did not influence the Cl- independent inhibition and the
      excitation of the neurone examined. The hyperpolarization of neuromembrane was
      caused by an increase of osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid. Its
      relatively high increase was necessary to make spontaneous spike discharges
      disappear totally. All effects of the two contrast media, observed in this study,
      were due to the increase of osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid ; no
      specific effect of the contrast media containing the iodine on the indicators
      used was observed.

PMID- 161198
TI  - [Effect of oligopeptides containing L-Phe, L-Tyr, L-Trp, L-His or L-Met on the
      excitability of the 2 giant neurons of the African giant snail (Achatina fulica
      Ferussac)].
AB  - Effects of about ninety oligopeptides, containing L-Phe, L-Tyr, L-Trp, L-His and
      L-Met, on the excitability of two identifiable giant neurones (the PON,
      periodically oscillating neurone ; and the TAN, tonically autoactive neurone) of
      Achatine fulica Ferussac were examined. Three oligopeptides, L-Lys-L-Phe-L-Tyr, L
      Phe-L-Tyr and L-Phe-L-Trp, showed an inhibitory effect on the PON. However, this
      effect on the PON was weaker than that of the same three peptides on the TAN.
      [The latter has been reported in previous papers (1 to 3)]. Besides the three
      oligopeptides mentioned, four peptides, L-Phe-L-Phe, L-Phe-L-Phe-L-Phe, L-Tyr-L
      Tyr and L-Tyr-L-Tyr-LTyr, still showed a weak inhibitory effect on the TAN in a
      high concentration.

PMID- 161199
TI  - Zinostatin (neocarzinostatin).

PMID- 161200
TI  - The role of arterial wall cells in atherogenesis.

PMID- 161201
TI  - [Prevention and therapy of dermatomycoses in uranium miners (author's transl)].

PMID- 161202
TI  - [Contact eczema due to esterimide resins (EIR) (author's transl)].

PMID- 161203
TI  - [Vitamin A in local therapy of acne vulgaris (author's transl)].

PMID- 161204
TI  - [Ensuring therapeutic-preventive health care of defective children and
      adolescents in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 161205
TI  - [Evaluation of the repercussions on parasitic endemias (malaria, bilharziasis,
      onchocerciasis, dracunculosis) of the construction of 57 dams in the Mandara
      Mountains (North Cameroun)].

PMID- 161206
TI  - Agents affecting osteolysis in patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 161207
TI  - Comparative pharmacology of three new nitrosourea analogues: RFCNU, RPCNU, and
      chlorozotocin. I. Oncostatic effects in mice.

PMID- 161209
TI  - Serum androgen concentrations in neonates and young infants with congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

PMID- 161208
TI  - Enzymological aspects of the gut.

PMID- 161210
TI  - Human epidermal stimulants, normal and psoriatic.

PMID- 161211
TI  - Atenolol causing cutaneous eruption.

PMID- 161212
TI  - Haloprogin as treatment for fungal infections.

PMID- 161213
TI  - Chronic immune complex disease in mice: the role of antibody affinity.
AB  - Two lines of mice selectively bred for producing high and low affinity antibody
      to protein antigens were repeatedly injected with human serum albumin and the
      severity and pattern of immune complex disease induced in this way was studied in
      the two lines. In low affinity mice, there was a greater intensity of deposits in
      the glomeruli shown by immunofluorescence, and more antibody was eluted from
      kidney homogenates compared to high affinity line mice. In the low affinity mice,
      complexes were mainly on the basement membrane whereas in high affinity mice, the
      localization of immune complexes was predominantly mesangial. However, no
      significant difference in glomerular filtration rates between the two lines was
      obtained. The immunopathological significance of antibody affinity is discussed
      in the light of these results.

PMID- 161215
TI  - Surgical treatment of epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 161214
TI  - Behaviour of human immunoregulatory cells in culture. I. Variables requiring
      consideration for clinical studies.
AB  - The suppressor function of lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A)
      provides a potential method for examining disorders of immunoregulation. Clinical
      application, however, requires definition of the culture conditions that
      influence the expression of normal suppressor cell activity. In the present
      studies culture conditions were modified until a sensitive assay for non-specific
      suppressor cell function was reproducible utilizing the response to varying doses
      of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) as an indicator system. Practical conclusions
      included (1) that sensitivity was not lost if the suppressor cells and responder
      cells were allogenic; (2) that fresh responder cells were as sensitive as
      precultured responder cells; (3) that a wide range of Con A concentrations could
      induce suppressor activity; and (4) that the sensitivity of the assay was much
      enhanced by using suboptimal mitogen doses of PHA. Twelve percent of normal
      subjects gave false negative results but these could be avoided by studying cells
      at more than one time point after stimulation with Con A. Cells resting in
      culture for 7 days could be induced to suppress after stimulation with Con A and
      these suppressor cells were very sensitive to pharmacological doses of
      dexamethasone. Studies utilizing different times of cell pre-incubation before
      Con A stimulation and different periods of exposure to Con A revealed fluctuation
      in the induction of suppression that may represent alternating periods of
      suppression and amplifying activity among stimulated cells in vitro. Such
      variations will need to be taken into account in the application of this type of
      assay to clinical studies seeking disordered immunoregulation.

PMID- 161216
TI  - The predictive utility of the orthopedic examination in identifying the low back
      pain patient with hysterical personality features.
AB  - Physical examination of the patient with low back pain routinely includes a
      number of tests which are useful clinically to the orthopedist as suggestive of
      the presence of hysteria or malingering. These include tests of light touch
      differences medially and laterally in the same foot or leg, vibratory sensation
      in the lower extremities, forward flexion, straight-leg raising differences
      between the supine and sitting positions, and the Burns' bench test. The present
      study examined the specific predictive utility of these tests individually and as
      a composite battery in identifying low back pain patients with hysterical
      personality features. Twenty-five postoperative lumbar laminectomy and diskectomy
      patients were administered the MMPI and evaluated by physical examination.
      Silight to moderate correlations were found for each of the subtests with a
      Composite Hysteria Index derived from the MMPI. The predictability was improved
      by the use of a weighted combination of the individual tests obtained by multiple
      regression analysis. The results lend empirical support to: the predictive value
      of these clinical tests in definitively identifying 60% of those low back pain
      patients with hysterical personality features; decision rules for use in clinical
      practice were also developed.

PMID- 161217
TI  - Sit-up exercises: an electromyographic study.
AB  - The effect of 5 different sit-up regimens on the abdominal muscle activity were
      investigated by electromyography as well as the degree of lumbar flexion required
      with each type of sit-up. In the long-lying position the rectus abdominus muscles
      were only active an average of 34% of the sit-up cycle. The greatest duration of
      activity (90%) was found in the shoulder lift hook-lying (knees flexed) sit-up in
      which the subject elevates the trunk to the point where the scapula is lifted
      from the mat. In addition, this sit-up requires minimal flexion of the lumbar
      spine (3 degrees versus 38 degrees) and is less likely to result in increased
      forces across the lumbar disk. The evidence is that this sit-up is the most
      effective in terms of abdominal muscle activity and the safest in terms of
      causing lumbar spinal flexion.

PMID- 161218
TI  - [Pharmacology of polysaccharides of rheumatologial importance].

PMID- 161219
TI  - Regulatory circuits in bacteriophage P1 as analyzed by physical dissection and
      reconstruction.

PMID- 161220
TI  - [The diagnostic value of various stiffness indices in the evaluation of the
      diastolic properties of the left ventricle].
AB  - The results are presented of simulated calculations obtained with the aid of a
      continuum model of the left ventricle in a passive state on the basis of a
      nonlinear elasticity theory. Various empirical indexes of left ventricular
      rigidity are calculated from modelled diastolic pressure/volume curves, and are
      compared with myocardial elasticity indicators. With respect to sensitivity and
      specificity, as the best there were found the volume-standardized Diamond index
      (d[lnP]/dV)V0 and the Laird index d(lnP)/d/lnV). The indexes are calculated from
      two parts of enddiastolic pressure/volume values. An analysis of clinically
      measured values confirmed the model predictions.

PMID- 161222
TI  - [Our modified hernia operations with polyester mesh].

PMID- 161221
TI  - Amino acid analogues: uptake, pool formation and incorporation of phenylalanine
      and two halogenated derivatives in cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - HeLa cells take up Phe and two of its ring halogenated derivatives (pFPhe and
      pClPhe) with rpaidity, concentrating them against the external medium both at 4
      and 37 degrees C. The majority of amino acid (greater than 90%) is accumulated
      without energy expenditures at 4 degrees C, and can be quickly discharged by
      normal cell washing procedures in saline. At 37 degrees C the freely-diffusible
      (FDP) pool is accompanied by another which develops more slowly and cannot
      diffuse out freely during washings with saline but is extractable with
      trichloracetic acid (the slowly-diffusible pool, SDP, or more conventionally, the
      acid-soluble pool). Both of the analogues produced larger pools of the latter
      type than Phe itself from external concentrations ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-3)
      M. The incorporation of pFPhe into proteins over these same concentrations ranged
      from 30 to 90--95% of Phe incorporation, whereas pClPhe showed negligible
      incorporation. From these and similar analyses it can be concluded that amino
      acid pools form largely independently of protein synthesis, but bear a close
      relationship with the external amino acid concentration. The fraction of total
      uptake into cellular pools entering the SDP was relatively constant over a wide
      range of external concentrations. pFPhe incorporation into cellular proteins
      produced the same labelling distribution of Phe. It appears to ener all proteins,
      the vast majority of which have similar half-lives and turnover rates to Phe
      proteins. In competition, little or no interference was experienced between the
      analogue and Phe in uptake and pool formation until excessive amounts of one or
      the other were present (50--100x). By contrast, incorporation of pFPhe into
      protein was markedly reduced by the presence of Phe. However, the development of
      normal or large pools of pFPhe or Phe in cells prior to 3H-Phe incorporation did
      not affect the linear incorporation pattern of the radioisotope into protein. The
      relationship of pools to protein synthesis is discussed, and it is concluded
      that, although the SDP could contain potential precursor molecules for protein
      synthesis, it does not usually act as the direct supplier of amino acid for
      protein synthesis. Alternative explanations for precursor supply are discussed.

PMID- 161223
TI  - [An effective procedure for the repair of postoperative abdominal eventrations:
      aponeurotic graft plus prosthesis. A report on 38 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 161224
TI  - [698 cases of urogenital fistulae operated upon by the same surgeon. The value of
      rectomyoplasty (author's transl)].

PMID- 161226
TI  - [Health bulletins for workers in dairy animal husbandry].

PMID- 161225
TI  - The effect of unilateral isokinetic strength training on local adipose and muscle
      tissue morphology, thickness, and enzymes.
AB  - One-leg exercise of 5 weeks duration in 10 healthy middleaged women resulted in a
      significant increment of muscle force in the exercising leg and in a less, but at
      some angular velocities also significant, increase in the nonexercising leg. The
      thickness of subcutaneous tissue measured by ultrasound and skinfold caliper
      decreased, while muscle thickness increased in the exercising leg only. The
      increased thickness of muscle tissue was associated with an increase in the
      relative number and relative fiber area of type II fibers in the exercising leg.
      The mean fiber area of type IIB fibers increased significantly as well as the
      activity of lactate dehydrogenase and myokinase. The decrease of thickness of
      subcutaneous adipose tissue was not associated with a significant decrease in fat
      cell size and was probably due to geometrical factors secondary to hypertrophy of
      the underlying muscle. It is concluded that the relationship between lean and fat
      components of the human thigh is significantly influenced by changes in the
      activity of the thigh skeletal muscles, but a local dynamic strength training
      program can hardly be used for local emptying of the fat depot over the
      exercising muscles.

PMID- 161227
TI  - [Use of nitrous oxide as anesthesia for the handicapped].

PMID- 161228
TI  - [For the development of pedodontics in Japan].

PMID- 161229
TI  - [Dental occlusion in children: panel discussion].

PMID- 161231
TI  - [Dentistry for the handicapped: our expectation and suggestions].

PMID- 161230
TI  - [Use of clofezone (pans) in oral surgery].

PMID- 161232
TI  - [Institution for the mentally handicapped].

PMID- 161233
TI  - [Institutions for the physically handicapped].

PMID- 161234
TI  - [Dental care for the handicapped in the outpatient clinic--its significance,
      limitation and methods].

PMID- 161235
TI  - [Care for the handicapped in the hospital dental department: a panel discussion].

PMID- 161236
TI  - [Sedation and general anesthesia in the dental care of the handicapped].

PMID- 161237
TI  - [Problems of the mentally and physically handicapped in dental education].

PMID- 161238
TI  - [Dental care of the children with systemic diseases].

PMID- 161239
TI  - [Dr. Akira Takahashi, a young dentist, and his attempt at patient education].

PMID- 161240
TI  - Lymphocyte response to autochthonous human solid tumor cells: relationship to
      histological types and tumor load.
AB  - Mixed lymphocyte--tumor cell cultures were made with materials from patients with
      various histological types of cancer. In 25 out of 89 patients, positive
      lymphocyte response to tumor cells was observed. There appeared to be an inverse
      relationship between the frequency of positive responses and extent of the
      disease. Patients with neuroblastoma, however, showed more frequent positive
      responses in cases of widespread disease. The data obtained may have valuable
      clinical implications, supporting the possibility of immunotherapy of cancer
      patients.

PMID- 161241
TI  - Frequency-dependent selection at the PGM-1 locus of Drosophila pseudoobscura.
AB  - Frequency-dependent fitness was studied at the Pgm-1 locus of Drosophila
      pseudoobscura with respect to two fitness components: rate of development and
      larva-to-adult survival. The Pgm-1 locus is very polymorphic with only two
      alleles, Pgm-1(100) and Pgm-1(104), occurring at high frequencies. For each of
      these two alleles, 20 homozygous strains were obtained from a sample of 1,140
      wild-inseminated females. First-instar larvae of the two genotypes were combined
      in a set of eight different frequencies: 0.0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.40, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90,
      and 1.0. Frequency-dependent fitness effects were observed for the two survival
      related fitness components examined: larvae of the less common genotype develop
      faster and have a higher probability of survival than larvae of the more common
      genotype. The rate of survival at intermediate genotypic frequencies is similar
      to that in pure cultures. If selection acted solely as frequency-dependent
      effects on survival-related components of fitness, the equilibrium frequency of
      the Pgm-1(100) allele would be 0.615 for a two-genotype system, which fits an
      observed frequency range for this allele in nature between 0.55 and 0.71.
      Experimentally created linkage disequilibrium was excluded from the experiment by
      using a large number of independent strains. It is nevertheless possible that the
      frequency-dependent selection may not affect the Pgm-1 locus per se, but may
      reflect a linkage disequilibrium present in the natural population. Even if this
      were the case, the frequency-dependent selection could affect the frequency of
      the Pgm-1 alleles in nature.

PMID- 161242
TI  - Some properties of site-specific and general recombination inferred from int
      initiated exchanges by bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - The site-specific recombination at the attachment site for prophage integration
      might proceed by two general mechanisms: (1) a concerted reaction without a free
      intermediate; (2) a sequential mechanism differing from typical general
      recombination only by an inability of the cross-strand intermediate structure to
      migrate into the region of nonhomology adjacent to the attachment site. The
      blocked-migration model predicts frequent genetic exchange in the int xis region
      near the attachment site if Int-mediated recombination occurs between lambda
      phage with homologous attachment sites. We find such additional int xis
      exchanges, but only at very low frequency (1% of the Int-mediated recombination).
      We conclude that the resolution point only rarely moves away from the initial
      crossover point specified by Int and, therefore, that the Int reaction is mainly
      concerted. We interpret the rare additional int xis recombinants as indicative of
      occasional branch migration from an initial Int-mediated crossover. The frequency
      of the rare int xis recombinants is not simply related to distance from the
      attachment site to an int- or xis- mutation, suggesting that the heteroduplex
      distance is often at least a gene in length. The frequency of these additional
      exchanges is also not a strong function of distance between two mutations; from
      this we conclude that the resolution to the observed recombinant structure in the
      sequential cases occurs often by mismatch repair. We have found no marked effect
      of mutations in the bacterial recA, recB, recC, recF, or recL genes on the
      frequency of the int xis recombinants; this may indicate that none of these genes
      specifies a product uniquely required for resolution of a cross-strand
      intermediate.

PMID- 161243
TI  - Changes in the NIH guidelines for recombinant DNA research (appendix 2: June
      August, 1979).

PMID- 161244
TI  - A simple technique for the isolation of deletion mutants of phage lambda.
AB  - We describe a simple technique for isolating deletion mutants of phage lambda and
      use it to dissect a cloned fragment of foreign DNA. The technique is based on our
      previous finding that the normally essential product of lambda head gene D is
      dispensible for phage growth if the DNA content of the phage is less than 82%
      that of lambda wild-type (Sternberg and Weisberg, 1977). A significant fraction
      of the few phage that form plaques when a D amber mutant is plated on a
      nonsuppressing host contains deletions that reduce the phage chromosome size to
      less than 82% that of wild-type. It is possible to isolate deletions ranging in
      size from less than 1.5 kb to 14 kb (3 to 27% of wild-type lambda), and the size
      range can be restricted by an appropriate choice of the DNA content of the
      starting phage. This method, unlike the older EDTA or heat resistance methods,
      permits the scoring of deletions because of the absence of phenotypic variants.
      We investigated the effect of several host and phage mutations on deletion
      frequency and type and have determined that a host polA mutation increases the
      frequency of deletions about 30-50-fold without changing the type of deletions. A
      host mutD mutation or thymine deprivation increases deletion frequency about 10
      fold. In contrast, a host ligts mutation has no effect on the frequency of
      deletions. We have also determined that the size of the smallest lambda
      chromosome packageable in a plaque-forming phage particle is 72-73% that of
      lambda wild-type.

PMID- 161245
TI  - Site-specific mutagenesis using synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers: I.
      Optimum conditions and minimum ologodeoxyribonucleotide length.
AB  - A synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide mismatched at a single nucleotide to a
      specific complementary site on wild-type circular phi X174 DNA can be used to
      produce a defined point mutation after in vitro incorporation into closed
      circular duplex DNA by elongation with DNA polymerase and ligation followed by
      transfection of Escherichia coli (Hutchison et al., 1978; Gillam et al., 1979).
      The present study is an investigation of the optimum conditions required for the
      oligodeoxyribonucleotide-primed reaction for production of transition and
      transversion mutations in phi X174 DNA, using the large (Klenow) fragment of E.
      coli DNA polymerase I. Under optimum conditions up to 39% of the progeny of
      transfection are the desired mutant and significant mutation is observed using a
      heptadeoxyribonucleotide.

PMID- 161246
TI  - Site-specific mutagenesis using synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers: II.
      In vitro selection of mutant DNA.
AB  - A method for the in vitro selection of mutant DNA has been devised as an adjunct
      to the recently developed method for the use of short enzymatically-synthesized
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides of defined sequence as site-specific mutagens for
      circular DNA. The selection method uses the mutating oligodeoxyribonucleotide as
      a primer for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (large fragment) under conditions
      where there is preferential interaction with mutant DNA template. After ligation
      using T4 DNA ligase, endonuclease S1 is used to degrade single-stranded non
      mutant DNA leaving the desired mutant as closed circular duplex DNA. This paper
      describes the development of the method using mutants in phi X174 DNA as the
      model system. Studiies on the changes A leads to G and G leads to A at position
      587 of phi X174 viral DNA (am3 to wild-type and its reversal) show that one or
      two cycles of selection can lead to a population of phage consisting of close to
      100% mutants.

PMID- 161247
TI  - [Technical progress and industrial hygiene problems in copper metallurgy].

PMID- 161248
TI  - [Medical rehabilitation of patients with various forms of vibration disease at
      Nal'chik health resort].

PMID- 161249
TI  - [State of health of workers in modern benzathrone manufacture].

PMID- 161250
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of optimizing the working conditions in continuous steel
      teeming].

PMID- 161251
TI  - [Industrial hygiene problems and the state of health of workers in the
      manufacture of protein-vitamin concentrates].

PMID- 161252
TI  - [Immunobiological reactivity of the body of underground workers in silicosis
      hazardous mines].

PMID- 161253
TI  - [Physiological and hygienic evaluation of the working conditions and morbidity
      among workers engaged in the manufacture of canning tins].

PMID- 161254
TI  - [Gynecological morbidity among the workers of mechanical shops].

PMID- 161256
TI  - [Sonographic determination of liver volume. Problems, methods and practical
      significance of liver volume measurements (author's transl)].
AB  - A sonographic procedure is described which permits accurate determination of
      liver volume by simple means. Comparison between the sonographic measurements and
      volume determinations at autopsy carried out by water displacement of the
      isolated organ showed a statistical error of +/- 1.58% and for average liver
      volumes of 1,800 ml and 95% limits of confidence of -84 to +20 ml. Quantitation
      of liver size may be an important clinical measurement, e.g. in assessing the
      possibility of shunts in the lieno-portal system in portal hypertension with
      recurrent bleeding from oesophageal varices due to cirrhosis of the liver, for
      evaluating liver atrophy after shunts affecting the liver, for demonstrating
      liver size in right heart insufficiency and congestive states or for the control
      of the effectiveness of cytostatic drugs in lymphatic or haematological disease.

PMID- 161255
TI  - [Reliability of double-contrast arthrography in detection of cartilage lesions of
      the knee joint (author's transl)].
AB  - The present work evaluates the method of double-contrast arthrography. To this
      end, cartilage damage on femoral condyles and tibial joint surfaces was studied
      in 1566 retrospectively evaluated double-contrast arthrographies. Operation
      reports and histological results served as control. The results of our own
      experiments demonstrate that even isolated cartilage lesions as small as 1 mm in
      diameter can be visualized.

PMID- 161257
TI  - [Computer tomography of the facial skeleton and pharyngeal space (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Seventy-five patients with histologically confirmed abnormalities of the facial
      skeleton and pharynx, including the mouth and base of the tongue, were examined
      by computer tomography. The advantages of simultaneous demonstration of the soft
      tissues and bones in localised space-occupying lesions are pointed out. Accurate
      comparison between pre-operative descriptions and findings at operation in 30
      cases showed high diagnostic accuracy. Conventional, multi-dimensional film
      tomography is being increasingly replaced by computer tomography.

PMID- 161258
TI  - [Computer tomographic diagnosis of a mega-dolicho basilar artery (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Four mega-dolicho basilar arteries are described, which were found by computer
      tomography and confirmed by angiography. Two patients showed additional
      abnormalities or anomalies of other vessels. The computer tomographic features
      are described. The elongated vessels can produce so-called normal pressure
      hydrocephalus by impressing the floor of the third ventricle, although the
      hydrocephalus cannot be confirmed by computer tomographic cisternography.

PMID- 161259
TI  - [Roentgenological characteristic of pulmonary metastases in thyroid cancer in
      respect of its biological behaviour (author's transl)].
AB  - In metastases of the lung which must be considered as typical in cancer of the
      thyroid, it is possible to differentiate roentgenologically between fine and
      coarse nodules, the limit being approximately 10 mm. Metastases consisting of
      fine nodules are by no means to be considered as representing a fatal
      generalisation, whereas metastases with coarse nodules are frequently accompanied
      by other metastases distant from the primary tumour.

PMID- 161260
TI  - Doming of the pulmonary valve after valvotomy.
AB  - Doming of the pulmonary valve is considered an important angiographic sign for
      valvar stenosis. But, this sign cannot be used with similar specificity following
      valvotomy because at the time of surgery a bicuspid valve is created. Pre- and
      postoperative hemodynamic data and right ventriculograms are reviewed in 22
      patients with simple pulmonary valvar stenosis. There was no correlation between
      the transvalvar gradient and appearance of the pulmonary valve after surgery.

PMID- 161262
TI  - [Renal blood flow, diuresis and isotope nephrogram in experimental stenosis of
      the renal artery (author's transl)].
AB  - After experimental stenosis of the renal artery of the dog, the isotope
      nephrogram shows a prolongation of the transit-time, when the renal blood flow is
      reduced to 40--70%. This finding was most significant in low diuresis (0,05--0,2
      ml/min), sporadic in moderate diuresis (0,2--2,0 ml/min), no longer demonstrable
      in forced diuresis (greater than 2,0 ml/min). The diuretic effect of X-ray
      contrast medium (70% Na-Meglumin-Jotalamat, 0,5 ml/kg i.v.) normalizes a
      pathologic ING in low diuresis.

PMID- 161261
TI  - [Significance of the contralateral kidney for a successful decrease of blood
      pressure following renovascular surgery in patients with unilateral renal artery
      stenosis. Angiographic and pharmacodynamic studies in renovascular and essential
      hypertension (author's transl)].
AB  - This study was carried out to improve the diagnostic procedure and preoperative
      prognosis in patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension. The vascular
      sensitivity of the non-stenosed kidney was tested by the influence on renal
      hemodynamics (133xenon washout technique) of dihydralazine applicated
      intrarenally and was correlated with selective renal arteriograms. Comparative
      studies were done in patients with essential hypertension including those with
      and without nephrosclerotic lesions. The results demonstrate that the
      pharmacodynamic effect of the vasodilator used in this study is obtained only in
      kidneys without arteriosclerotic lesions of the small vessels. A postoperative
      normalization of blood pressure in patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis
      depends on a patent renal bypass and a normal vascular response of the
      contralateral kidney.

PMID- 161263
TI  - [Pseudo tumours of the adrenals--errors in interpretation and their avoidance
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In 13 patients an adrenal tumor was suggested by non-invasive roentgenologic
      studies (scout films of the abdomen, intravenous urograms, tomograms). The
      lesions turned out to be misdiagnosed after patients had undergone arteriography.
      Variations of the spleen, superimpositions of the tail of the pancreas and fluid
      filled hollow viscus were found to be the reason for this adrenal 'pseudo
      tumors'. The possibilities of diagnosing those 'lesions' without doing invasive
      studies are discussed.

PMID- 161264
TI  - [The lateral projection with an inclined beam for the demonstration of aneurysms
      of the anterior communicating artery and of the middle cerebral artery (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In addition to the a.p. and lateral projections for the diagnosis of aneurysms of
      the anterior communicating artery, the literature also recommends oblique views
      by turning the head to right or left with an a.p. beam. Lateral views, turning
      the head 20 degrees to the side of injection often provide better demonstration
      of the origin of the aneurysm and its relationship to surrounding vessels.

PMID- 161265
TI  - [The neuro-radiological anatomy of the normal and abnormal rat brain. I.
      Radiological techniques for normal anatomy (author's transl)].
AB  - In vivo and post mortem techniques for the radiological examination of normal
      brains have been developed, using 66 white adult rats. Aortic arch injections for
      survey angiograms (10 animals), selective catheterisation of the internal carotid
      artery (16 animals) and ventriculography by percutaneous needle puncture (20
      animals) were performed in vivo; the animals survived and the examinations could
      be repeated. The techniques proved useful and accurate methods for the
      radiological demonstration of the topography and morphology of cerebral vessels
      and chambers; they also provided information on the function of the cerebral
      circulation and C.S.F. dynamics. The findings were checked and correlated by post
      mortem studies (20 animals) using contact radiography, micro-angiography and
      casts of the ventricles. As a result, extensive topographic and anatomic
      information concerning the cerebral vessels in the rat was obtained, including
      some microscopic-radiological findings. The combined use of these methods
      provided a basis for studying the growth of experimentally induced brain tumours
      and the effect of various types of treatment.

PMID- 161266
TI  - [Isotope methods in the diagnosis of venous disease. I. Methods of radionuclide
      venography (author's transl)].
AB  - The method of radionuclide venography is best determined by the localisation and
      type of suspected venous abnormality. The authors describe four methods using
      99mTc microspheres and 99mTc-pertechnetate. Correlation of the isotope and
      angiographic findings in 150 patients indicated an accuracy of 90% for the
      isotope methods. The risks of radionuclide venography are discussed. Isotope
      venography is recommended as a simple, non-invasive technique.

PMID- 161267
TI  - [Isotope methods in the diagnosis of venous disease. II. Results of radionuclide
      venography (author's transl)].
AB  - The frequency of scintigraphic findings in the presence of thromboses, post
      thrombotic changes and in normal veins, was determined in 150 patients. The
      results of radionuclide venography and contrast venography in these patients have
      been compared. Abnormalities in veins can be detected by radionuclide venography
      with a high degree of accuracy. Differentiation between acute and chronic
      thrombosis and post-thrombotic changes can only be made by invasive contrast
      venography.

PMID- 161268
TI  - Comparison of monomer, dimer and non-ionized medium at urography with simulated
      compression; an experimental study in the rabbit [author's transl].
AB  - Density, estimated through renal pelvic volume as calculated according to
      previous experiments (Owman 1978) and urinary iodine concentration, is suggested
      to be more accurate than, and complementary to, mere determination of urine
      iodine concentration and diuresis when evaluating and comparing urographic
      contrast media experimentally. More reliable dose optima are probably found when
      calculating density rather than determining urine concentrations. Of the examined
      media in this investigation, metrizamide and P 268 are by far superior, giving
      higher density, higher urinary concentrations, and metrizamide also less
      diuresis.

PMID- 161270
TI  - [Comments on the papers by Thron, A. and S. Bockenheimer: "Technique and
      Diagnostic Value of Lumbar Functional Myelogography for Disc Prolapse" in
      Fortschr. Rontgenstr. 130 (1979) 81--84 and Schmidt, R. C., and W. Poll: "Lumbar
      Disc Prolapse in the Discogram", ibid 85--88 (author's transl)].

PMID- 161269
TI  - [A new contrast medium emulsion for lymphography (author's transl)].
AB  - A new contrast medium for lymphography has been developed. It is suitable for
      direct, such as bi-pedal, lymphangiography, and has certain advantages compared
      with the commercially available contrast medium Ethiodol, such as absence of a
      lipogranulomatous reaction and less extensive oil emboli in the lungs. It is also
      possible to use the substance for indirect, retrosternal lymphography. The
      substance is indirect, retrosternal lymphography. The substance is an emulsion of
      triglycerides of iodinated poppy seed oil. The method of preparation of the
      emulsion is described.

PMID- 161271
TI  - [Concluding comment on K. Reinhardt's position].

PMID- 161272
TI  - [Concluding comments on lumbar disc prolapse in the discogram].

PMID- 161273
TI  - [Wegener's granulomatosis: good regression in the thorax picture after
      cyclophosphamide therapy].

PMID- 161274
TI  - [Bochdalek's diaphragmatic hernia: a computer tomographic contribution to the x
      ray differential diagnosis of an intrapulmonary circular focus dorsobasally].

PMID- 161275
TI  - [Need for radiological control after a subcutaneous mastectomy].

PMID- 161276
TI  - Preoperative needle-marking of nonpalpable breast lesions.

PMID- 161277
TI  - [Narrow cervical vertebral canal as a cause of chronic shoulder-arm pain].

PMID- 161278
TI  - [Rare urogenital fistula in a woman].

PMID- 161279
TI  - [New standards on radiation dosimeters].

PMID- 161280
TI  - [Prof. Ludwig Bertram Psenner on his 70th birthday].

PMID- 161281
TI  - [The technic of "open pelviscopy". A new method for increased safety in
      laparoscopy].
AB  - The method of "open pelviscopy" is described and compared with the common
      performance of gynecological pelviscopy. The "open pelviscopy" combines the
      advantages of laparotomy--preparation of anatomical layers under view of the
      operator--with those of pelviscopy--minimal traumatization and optimal view at
      the intraabdominal organs. This method avoids blind puncture of the abdominal
      cavity, which otherwise is necessary to perform the pneumoperitoneum and to use
      the optic instruments. Apart from the well established indications for diagnostic
      and therapeutic gynecological pelviscopy we prefer this method especially in
      obese patients and in those who formerly had several laparotomies.

PMID- 161282
TI  - [The value of laparoscopy in gynecology].
AB  - There is  a definite place for laparoscopy in gynaecology as a diagnostic tool
      and for limited operative procedures. Nevertheless, the indication for
      laparoscopy should be subjected to the same strict criteria as any other
      operative procedure. The use of laparoscopy and its various indications are
      discussed. So-called major operative laparoscopy or pelviscopy is rejected.
      Greatest restraint should be employed to use laparoscopy for obtaining biopsy
      material from ovarian tumours for diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 161283
TI  - [Necessity of training and safety in gynecological laparoscopy--a
      contradiction?].
AB  - At the Gynaecological University Hospital Gottingen 1659 laparoscopies were
      performed 1961-1978 by 67 gynaecologists with an average of 24,8 laparoscopies
      per gynaecologist. Most of the doctors were still in their training period,
      assistance was always given by a specialist gynaecologist. Only in 5 cases (0,3
      per cent) laparotomy was necessary due to complications following laparoscopy or
      laparoscopicsterilization. Injuries of the transverse colon, the greater omentum
      and a mesenteric artery-caused by the trocar-were seen, also diffuse bleeding
      from the parietal peritoneum and from the ramus of the Fallopian tube. No deaths
      due to laparoscopic complications occurred. The incidence of severe complications
      can be kept within tolerable limits in a training hospital where the majority of
      the operations are performed by doctors in training, when the following
      conditions are strictly adhered to: Careful consideration of the risks involved
      in laparoscopy/laparoscopic sterilization and other less invasive diagnostic and
      contraceptive methods, strict attention to the contraindications of laparoscopy
      and performance of a standardized laparoscopic technique under the supervision of
      an experienced operateur.

PMID- 161284
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative study of the growth and cell surface properties of
      Huntington's disease fibroblasts and age-matched controls. Lack of significant
      differences.

PMID- 161285
TI  - Variation in S phase in synchronous human cell lines.
AB  - Growth parameters of diploid and trisomic human fibroblasts were determined. The
      rate of growth of both classes of cells was examined in asynchronous cultures,
      and diploid and trisomic cells had similar growth rates. Synchronous cultures
      were developed using simple mitotic selection. The patterns and length of the DNA
      synthetic period (S phase) were found to be altered in trisomy 21 cells when
      compared to diploid human or to heteroploid HeLa cells. Early S-phase synthesis
      was absent or reduced and the overall length of the S phase was extended.
      However, the trisomic cells have apparently normal rates of DNA chain elongation
      and normal replicon sizes.

PMID- 161287
TI  - Incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in the institutionalised mental
      retardates.

PMID- 161286
TI  - Bacteriological study of breast abscess with special reference to Staph. aureus.

PMID- 161288
TI  - [Occupational allergies and poisoning].

PMID- 161289
TI  - Cold tolerance in rats following administration of streptozotocin, glucose,
      insulin and glucose plus insulin.

PMID- 161290
TI  - Heat tolerance in rats following administration of streptozotocin, glucose,
      insulin and glucose plus insulin.

PMID- 161291
TI  - Evaluation of domestic bath and toilet aids commercially available for the adult
      disabled in the U.K.

PMID- 161292
TI  - Functional assessment in vocational rehabilitation.

PMID- 161293
TI  - Negative incentives: contingencies which discourage disabled individuals from
      seeking or completing rehabilitation services.

PMID- 161294
TI  - Evaluation of easy chairs for the elderly and disabled aged 16 and over.

PMID- 161295
TI  - Research projects on working with mentally handicapped infants.

PMID- 161296
TI  - Behavioral development of multihandicapped children.

PMID- 161297
TI  - Empyema necessitatis of the gallbladder: a case report.

PMID- 161298
TI  - Present indications for laparoscopy in the surgical patient.

PMID- 161299
TI  - Hemolysis due to aortic insufficiency following closure of ventricular septal
      defect.
AB  - A two-year-old girl with ventricular septal defect (VSD) developed a severe
      degree of intravascular hemolysis following VSD closure. The cause of hemolysis
      was considered to be due to the aortic insufficiency (AI) jet against the VSD
      patch. The patient was reoperated on the seventh post-operative day. There was a
      small hole on the right coronary cusp, which was closed by five interrupted
      sutures. However, a third operation was performed on the following day because of
      the reappearance of AI. The use of pericardial flap to cover the whole right
      coronary cusp resulted in disappearance of hemolysis. The patient was discharged
      in a satisfactory condition.

PMID- 161300
TI  - [New developments in American dermatology].

PMID- 161301
TI  - [Histological differential diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic eczema
      of the scalp].
AB  - The clinical differential diagnosis between seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis
      vulgaris of the scalp can be difficult. We, therefore, tried to elaborate
      histopathological criteria for a differentiation of the two dermatoses. Forty
      excisional biopsies were analysed without knowing the clinical diagnosis. The
      histopathological substrate within the epidermis is characterized in psoriasis by
      dermatitis-like and in seborrheic dermatitis by psoriasis-like alterations.
      Therefore, in some cases a definite histopathological diagnosis could not be
      made. Strong criteria favouring psoriasis are: moderate condensed hyperkeratosis
      with alternating parakeratosis, PAS-reactive serum inclusions and Munro abscesses
      within the horny layer, spongiform pustles and neutrophilic leukocytes within the
      epidermis. Strong criteria for seborrheic dermatitis are: irregular acanthosis
      with relatively thin condensed orthoor parakeratotic horny layer, spongiosis and
      spongiotic vesicles, exocytosis of lymphocytes and the lack of any hard criterias
      for psoriasis. The results may suggest that seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp
      may transform into psoriasis in patients with a genetical disposition ("psoriatic
      diathesis", "latent psoriasis") via a Kobner reaction. The existence of the
      seborrheic dermatitis (Morbus Unna) is not doubted by these investigations.

PMID- 161302
TI  - Population studies in northern Sweden. IX. Incidence of Down's syndrome by time,
      region and maternal age.

PMID- 161303
TI  - The effect of vitamin a on the uptake of a water soluble and lipid soluble
      nitrosourea by the EMT6 mouse mammary tumor.

PMID- 161304
TI  - Electromagnetic blood flow recording and balance of nutrients in the udder of
      lactating cows.

PMID- 161306
TI  - Neonatal mortality in the 1974 Arkansas live birth cohort.

PMID- 161305
TI  - Care of the overdose patient.

PMID- 161307
TI  - Scoliosis--update.

PMID- 161308
TI  - Evaluation of the Arkansas neonatal hypothyroid screening program.

PMID- 161309
TI  - Through a China window.

PMID- 161311
TI  - Neurophychological testing of developmentally delayed young children: problems
      and progress.

PMID- 161312
TI  - A novel mechanism for salt and fluid transport across epithelia.

PMID- 161313
TI  - [Jacques Archimbaud. Conservator of the library of the University of Clermont
      Ferrand (Section on Medicine) (1930-1978)].

PMID- 161314
TI  - [Etiology and treatment of laryngeal stenosis in infants (48 cases)].

PMID- 161315
TI  - [Posterior torn-condyle syndrome by closed trauma at the base of the skull. 5
      cases].

PMID- 161316
TI  - [Parotid tumefaction (study of 500 cases). The role of exploratory
      parotidectomy].

PMID- 161317
TI  - [Laryngeal amyloidosis. 2 cases of sub-glottal amyloidosis treated by lasers].

PMID- 161318
TI  - [Perforation of the cervical esophagus and mediastinal risk].

PMID- 161319
TI  - [Non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas in O.R.L].

PMID- 161320
TI  - Elevation of a hemidiaphragm simulating posterior myocardial fibrosis.

PMID- 161321
TI  - In vitro assessment of Tc-99m labeled bovine thrombin and streptokinase-activated
      human plasmin: concise communication.
AB  - Bovine thrombin and streptokinase-activated human plasmin have been labeled with
      Tc-99m using stannous reduction of pertechnetate under physiological conditions
      (pH 7.4). The binding efficiency of radiotechnetium to these enzymes is greater
      than 94%, with less than 5% of reduced but unbound Tc-99m (Sn) complex as assayed
      by ascending paper radiochromatography using ITLC silica gel plate. Free or
      unbound pertechnetate is less than 1%. In vitro enzymatic analyses of the Tc-99m
      labeled enzymes demonstrate no evidence of protein denaturation or significant
      loss of enzymatic activity after labeling. Both labeled enzymes are biochemically
      active in vitro with their respective substrates.

PMID- 161322
TI  - Concanavalin A induced suppressor activity in human leprosy.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from nine normal subjects and 40 patients with
      leprosy were pretreated in vitro with Concanavalin A (Con A). Cells from normal
      subjects pretreated for 24 hours showed consistent and effective generation of
      suppressive activity which inhibited mitogen induced transformation of autologous
      lymphocytes. Prolongation of Con A pretreatment to 40 hours resulted in maximal
      suppressive activity. Tuberculoid leprosy patients had lymphocytes in their blood
      which on 24 hour pretreatment with Con A exerted suppressive effects markedly
      greater than the maximal suppression noted with 40 hour pretreated normal
      lymphocytes. In contrast, untreated patients with polar lepromatous leprosy
      showed a decrease in suppressive activity which could not be altered by
      prolongation of Con A pretreatment: the loss of suppressive activity noted in
      this form of leprosy was restored during erythema nodosum leprosum.

PMID- 161323
TI  - Jack Tizard 1919--1979.

PMID- 161324
TI  - Attraction to "good form" in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Seventy-five children were examined in tasks involving matching figures in order
      to establish whether there exists a specific attraction to symmetrical or Gestalt
      type "good form" displays in mentally handicapped children and particularly in
      Down's Syndrome or if the tendency was towards image reversal. Twenty-five
      children with Down's Syndrome were matched on M.A. with twenty-five non-Down's
      Syndrome subnormals and twenty-five normal children. Symmetrical and asymmetrical
      displays were presented to the groups for reproduction and reproduction from
      memory. The results supported the hypothesis that mentally handicapped children
      have a significant attraction to symmetrical arrangements and that Down's
      Syndrome children are more significantly attracted than other handicapped
      children. Evidence is presented to show that what often is mistaken for a
      tendency to image reversal is in fact an attraction to "monotonicity" and is more
      related to "good form" than to reversal.

PMID- 161325
TI  - Dermatoglyphic distances and position of 21 trisomy mosaics.
AB  - The position of 21 trisomy mosaics with an average proportion of trisomic cells
      approximating 0.5 in relation to normal subjects and those with complete 21
      trisomy has been evaluated by means of dermatoglyphic distances, using samples of
      142 mosaics, 302 normal controls and 225 complete 21 trisomics for males and
      females separately and combined. Distances were calculated by means of the
      simplified D2k method. Penrose's "size and shape" analysis of variance has been
      applied for comparison to obtain distance coefficients, C2H, based on pattern
      intensities. Results indicate that mosaics are not intermediate but much closer
      to 21 trisomics in spite of the fact that the average proportion of trisomic
      cells in blood approximates 0.5; secondly, that the degree of deviation from the
      intermediate position of the mosaic sample is roughly proportional to the degree
      of cytological mosaicism. The position of mosaics is appreciably more
      intermediate in respect of finger-tip patterns than in respect of palmar and sole
      loops and triradii. The results obtained here have thus given evidence for the
      usefulness of dermatoglyphic distances, which enable all the differences in
      frequencies or means of the respective characters to be conveniently represented
      by a single number, in studies of the abnormal development of phenotypic
      characteristics in cases of incomplete trisomy.

PMID- 161326
TI  - Some characteristics of a population of mentally retarded young adults in a
      British city. A basis for estimating some service needs.
AB  - A population of young people who are mentally retarded is described in terms of
      the frequency of various kinds and degrees of impairment--intellectual, physical
      and behavioural. The population consisted of all those born in 1951--1955 who
      were resident in a city in 1962 and who at any time during the school years had
      been placed in any mental retardation service. The prevalence of the mentally
      retarded as defined is sixteen per 1000. Age specific prevalence rates for the
      same population rise from age five, reach a plateau of fourteen per 1000 from
      ages ten to fifteen and then drop sharply for the post-school period to a rate of
      five to six per 1000. Classifications of physical impairment, seizure histories
      and behaviour disturbances are described. Percentages are given separately for
      those with each impairment and in combination for each individual. For the
      survivors at age twenty-two, 44 per cent had physical impairments, 26 per cent
      had a history of seizures and 46 per cent had experienced behaviour disturbances.
      Results are discussed in relation to service needs.

PMID- 161327
TI  - Kinaesthetic movement after-effects in children with Down's syndrome.
AB  - In order to assess the liability of proprioceptive information, an experiment on
      kinaesthetic after-effects was carried out. Matched groups of severely subnormal
      and Down's syndrome subjects were compared with normal children of either the
      same chronological or the same mental age. No difference was found between the
      normal and the severely subnormal children, but the magnitude of the after-effect
      measures in Down's syndrome children suggests that asymmetrical pointing produced
      kinaesthetic after-effects which disrupted these subjects' total frame of spatial
      reference.

PMID- 161328
TI  - A conditionally lethal mutation of Escherichia coli affecting the gene coding for
      ribosomal protein S2 (rpsB).

PMID- 161329
TI  - Convergent transcription in bacteriophage lambda: interference with gene
      expression.

PMID- 161330
TI  - Structural studies of bacteriophage lambda heads and proheads by small angle X
      ray diffraction.

PMID- 161331
TI  - The 32 S RNA of Neurospora crassa mitochondria is not a precursor of the
      mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs.

PMID- 161332
TI  - Location of ribosome binding sites on the right end of lambda DNA.

PMID- 161333
TI  - [Health effects of trichloroethylene in human subjects (author's transl)].
AB  - Trichloroethylene has been widely used for the removal of grease in dry cleaning,
      plate and painting industries, in which approximately 280 thousand workers
      contact trichloroethylene, for example, in the United States, resulting in acute
      and chronic poisonings. Based on 203 papers mainly on trichloroethylene toxicity
      on human beings, the present review covers acute toxicity, chronic toxicity,
      carcinogenicity, factors modifying toxicity, metabolism, dose-response
      relationships and maximum allowable concentration of this chemical. 1 figure and
      12 tables.

PMID- 161334
TI  - [Development of a pulsed doppler flowmeter and its application to hydraulic model
      and human heart (author's transl)].

PMID- 161335
TI  - Role of brain amines in the fetal hyperpyrexia caused by tranylcypromine in LiCl
      pretreated rats.
AB  - Tranylcypromine (TCP), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, caused a fatal hyperpyrexia
      in rats pretreated with LiCl once a day for 4 days. Pretreatment with LiCl alone
      did not alter the level of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine
      (NE) in the brain. In fatal hyperpyrexia caused by LiCl plus TCP, the brain 5-HT
      and DA levels were increased, whereas the brain NE level was decreased. Reserpine
      and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine completely prevented the hyperpyrexia, but FLA-63 did
      not show any effect. The hyperpyrexia was completely prevented by p
      chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) given 72 hours before TCP but not by PCPA given 24
      hours before TCP. Haloperidol and chlorpromazine, DA receptor blockers, inhibited
      the fatal hyperpyrexia, while cyproheptadine and methysergide, 5-HT receptor
      blockers, did not. These results suggest that DA plays an essential role in the
      hyperpyrexia induced by the combination of TCP and LiCl in rats, but the
      involvement of 5-HT is inconclusive.

PMID- 161336
TI  - Circumstantial evidence for increased potassium conductance of membrane of
      cardiac muscle by 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75).
AB  - The mechanism of action of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75), was investigated
      by the use of arterially blood-perfused papillary muscle preparations of the dog.
      All drugs were administered intra-arterially. SG-75 shortened the effective
      refractory period (ERP) and decreased the rate of automaticity and developed
      tension of the papillary muscle, whereas verapamil failed to change the ERP
      despite a decrease in the developed tension. SG-75 in extremely high doses
      induced ventricular fibrillation. Methacholine produced decreases in the rate of
      automaticity and developed tension, and the actions were abolished by atropine.
      The SG-75-induced decreases in two parameters were not modified by atropine.
      These results indicate that the cardiac action of SG-75 differs from that of
      calcium-antagonistic vasodilators and it is suggested that the basic mechanism of
      action of SG-75 involves an increase in potassium conductance in the membrane of
      cardiac muscle, without mediation through muscarinic receptors.

PMID- 161337
TI  - Transport of dextran sulfates to rat livers.
AB  - Liver subcellular distributions of three different dextran sulfates (DSs) with
      average molecular weight (AMW) of 3000, 20,000, and 200,000, and sulfur content
      of 18%, anticoagulants and antilipemic agents, were examined in rats after
      intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg. About 20% of the injected radioactivity
      was taken up by liver 15 min-3 hr after 35S-DS administration, but the uptake of
      35S-DS with AMW of 200,000 was slower than that of the other DSs. About half of
      the radioactivity distributed in livers was found in the cytosol fraction. The
      cytosol fraction/liver ratio of the radioactivity gradually decreased with the
      increase in the nuclear fraction/liver ratio. The specific radioactivity of the
      lysosomal fraction was 5--20 times as large as that of the other fractions.
      Unchanged forms of 35S-DSs with AMW of 3000 and 20,000 were found in the
      lysosomal and the cytosol fractions. Administration of DSs with AMW of 20,000 and
      200,000 significantly enhanced the Na+-K+-dependent ATPase activity of lysosomal
      fraction which has been considered to be an index of endocytosis. These findings
      suggest that DSs are probably transferred into liver cells by transmembrane and
      endocytotic transports.

PMID- 161339
TI  - [Prevention of backache].

PMID- 161338
TI  - Effect of 6-ethyl-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)chromone (AA-344) on the immediate and
      delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
AB  - Effects of 6-ethyl-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)chromone (AA-344) on the experimental
      models of the type I-IV allergic reactions were studied in comparison with those
      of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), dexamethasone and other agents. AA-344 showed
      inhibitory effects on the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and the
      passive systemic anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. However, it had only a slight or
      little effect on the Forssman shock in guinea pigs, the complete-dependent
      cytolysis of mast cells in rats, the Arthus reaction in guinea pigs and the
      tuberculin reaction and the contact sensitivity in mice. DSCG was less effective,
      using these experimental models. Dexamethasone showed a suppressive effect on the
      type III and IV allergic reactions. The results indicate that AA-344 selectively
      suppresses the type I allergic reaction.

PMID- 161340
TI  - The effect of intramyocardial forces on the distribution of intramyocardial blood
      flow.

PMID- 161341
TI  - Use of a gait abnormality index for locomotion efficiency evaluation.
AB  - A number of gait curves obtained from 16 healthy, able-bodied adult males were
      selected as "normal" gait curves and thereafter analysed with a view to defining
      a "Gait Abnormality Index", which may be used as quantitative measure of human
      performance in locomotion. Similar studies on five groups of handicapped
      subjects, each group having 8 to 10 subjects with a particular type of handicap,
      indicate the suitability of this index for application in locomotion efficiency
      evaluation.

PMID- 161342
TI  - Mitochondrial ribosome assembly in Neurospora crassa: mutants with defects in
      mitochondrial ribosome assembly.

PMID- 161344
TI  - Difference in susceptibility of mice raised under barrier-sustained (SPF) or
      conventional conditions to infectious megaenteron.

PMID- 161343
TI  - W reactivation is inefficient in repair of the bacterial chromosome.
AB  - UV-inducible "SOS" processes associated with W reactivation of phage lambda were
      studied for their effect on repair of lambda prophage integrated in the bacterial
      chromosome. For this purpose, lambda c1857 ind red-lysogens were used. These
      lysogens, although non-inducible by UV light, can be induced by raising the
      temperature from 30 degrees to 42 degrees. If the W reactivation processes are
      involved in repair of the bacterial DNA, when the lysogens are incubated at 30
      degrees after UV exposure W reactivation should be fully expressed and should
      also exert an effect on the bacterial chromosome and the prophage inside it. When
      heat-induction is delayed until the time at which W reactivation reaches its
      maximum, a considerable increase in phage survival might then be expected. The
      results presented in this report show, however, that the delayed induction had
      only a small effect on the survival of prophage in the wild-type strain (possibly
      attributable to excision repair) and no detectable effect on prophage in a uvrA
      strain. From these results we conclude that W reactivation is largely irrelevant
      to the repair of UV-damaged bacterial DNA.

PMID- 161345
TI  - Diets deficient in copper and zinc?
AB  - Hospital diets, and, perhaps, diets in general may be low in copper and zinc,
      with the diets being lower in copper than zinc in comparison to requirements.
      Several human diseases or pathologic conditions of unknown etiology have
      similarities to findings in deficient animals. Thus nutritional status and
      metabolism of copper may be important in anemia, ischemic heart disease,
      rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis and seborrheic dermatitis.
      Zinc may be involved in growth failure, acne, difficulties of labor, congenital
      abnormalities and wound healing. Whether or not dietary amounts of copper and
      zinc are involved in the etiology or the pathogenesis of these conditions can be
      determined by clinical investigation.

PMID- 161346
TI  - Occipitofrontal-biparietal diameter ratio. An ultrasonic parameter for the
      antenatal evaluation of Down's syndrome.
AB  - The cephalic index of the fetal head was determined by the ultrasonic measurement
      of the occipitofrontal-biparietal diameter (OF-BPD) ratio in a pilot study of 53
      patients at risk of Down's syndrome. The mean value of the OF-BPD ratio was 1.24,
      and a linear correlation between the occipitofrontal diameter (OFD) and the
      biparietal diameter (BPD) was observed. There was one case of Down's syndrome in
      this series. The fetal head was markedly brachycephalic with an OF-BPD ratio of
      1.073. The results of this study suggest that when fetal brachycephaly is
      present, the probability of Down's syndrome is increased. Further evaluation of
      this parameter is warranted, as it is possible that this technique may provide a
      safe, and non-invasive method of screening the entire pregnant population for
      Down's syndrome.

PMID- 161347
TI  - [Clinical value of endomyocardial biopsy].

PMID- 161348
TI  - [Treatment of obstructive disease with fenoterol-ipratropiumbromid dosage aerosol
      (IK 6). Short and long-terms results (author's transl)].
AB  - Fenoterol-Ipratropiumbromid dosage aerosol (IK 6) showed in acute experiments on
      patients with chronic obstructive disease optimal bronchodilatation. In this
      mixture of Fenoterol and Ipratropiumbromid only 50% of the optimal dosage of the
      beta 2-stimulator is present. This minimizes the side-effects and increases the
      therapeutic range. Still the bronchodilatation is optimal. 92 patients were
      treated with this mixture for between 1 and 160 months. No side-effects were
      seen. The optimal bronchodilatatoric effect was always present.

PMID- 161349
TI  - [Immunodepression in parasitic diseases: its importance in the pathogenesis and
      clinical picture].

PMID- 161350
TI  - [Spread of enterobiasis among the urban and rural populations of the Azerbaijani
      SSR].

PMID- 161351
TI  - [Hereditary and experimental myotonia: a comparative study (author's transl)].

PMID- 161352
TI  - [Discussion of the statements by R. Schwarz and J. Michael: "The concept of
      (psychological) handicap". The terminological definition of the words "disease"
      and "handicap"].

PMID- 161353
TI  - Mucous cells in the foot of pelecypods.

PMID- 161354
TI  - [Reconstruction of the portal vein in extended operations for carcinoma of the
      head of the pancreas].

PMID- 161355
TI  - Paralysis--how it affects movement and daily life.

PMID- 161356
TI  - The sexual problems of the disabled.

PMID- 161357
TI  - Financial aid for the disabled.

PMID- 161358
TI  - Riding high.

PMID- 161359
TI  - Troubleshooting for the disabled.

PMID- 161360
TI  - How to save your back: a comparison between the nursing profession and the
      construction industry.

PMID- 161362
TI  - Low back pain - a care study.

PMID- 161361
TI  - Low back pain--its aetiology and management.

PMID- 161363
TI  - Osteopathy and back pain.

PMID- 161364
TI  - Sports injuries: how osteopathy can help.

PMID- 161365
TI  - [5 years of the law on the adaptation of insurance payments to rehabilitation:
      claim and reality from the viewpoint of the confidential medical advisor].

PMID- 161366
TI  - [5 years of the law on the adaptation of insurance payments to rehabilitation:
      claim and reality].

PMID- 161367
TI  - [5 years of the law on the adaptation of insurance payments to rehabilitation:
      claim and reality].

PMID- 161368
TI  - [5 years of the law on the adaptation of insurance payments to rehabilitation:
      claim and reality].

PMID- 161369
TI  - [5 years of the law on the adaptation of insurance payments to rehabilitation:
      claim and reality].

PMID- 161370
TI  - [Problems of rehabilitation].

PMID- 161371
TI  - [Pulmonopathy (including tuberculosis)--mycobacteriosis (including tuberculosis)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161372
TI  - [Food poisoning in a hospital with salmonella hadar (author's transl)].

PMID- 161373
TI  - [Iatrogenic spread of infection and its civil law consequences].

PMID- 161374
TI  - [Field studies on formaldehyde room air pollution in clinics and institutes].

PMID- 161375
TI  - [Smoking from the aspect of national economy (author's transl)].

PMID- 161376
TI  - [Expertise problems with patients with malignant tumors].

PMID- 161377
TI  - [Metal concentration in sludges and their significance for the environment
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161378
TI  - [Epidemiology of rheumatic diseases; medical statistical results from pension
      insurance].

PMID- 161379
TI  - [Public health care and preventive care as a task facing municipal public health
      services (author's transl)].

PMID- 161381
TI  - [The mentally diseased patient (author's transl)].

PMID- 161380
TI  - [Control of Aspergillus fumigatus infections during a clinical stay].

PMID- 161382
TI  - [Hospital hygiene from the viewpoint of anesthesiology].

PMID- 161383
TI  - [Screening examinations for identifying syphilis antibodies in newborn blood
      dried on filter paper (author's transl)].

PMID- 161384
TI  - [Real and ideal self-concept of cardiovascular patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 161386
TI  - [Child's health in the course of the 20th century (author's transl)].

PMID- 161385
TI  - [In memoriam Dr. Jungling].

PMID- 161387
TI  - [Health care of mother and child in several european countries: retrospect and
      outlook (author's transl)].

PMID- 161388
TI  - [Questionnaires in the school medical checkup: problems of evaluation criteria].

PMID- 161389
TI  - [Children of foreign workers - the problem of medical care via the public health
      office (author's transl)].

PMID- 161390
TI  - [Hygienic control of kindergartens-tasks and problems in practice (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161391
TI  - [Early diagnostic studies in babyhood and infancy].

PMID- 161392
TI  - [Avoidable embryopathies (author's transl)].

PMID- 161393
TI  - [Parents without time - deprivation in infants (author's transl)].

PMID- 161394
TI  - [Epidemic problems of measles and mumps inoculation].

PMID- 161395
TI  - [Obesity in children: diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 161396
TI  - [Health of children in the Third World].

PMID- 161397
TI  - [Petr Petrovich Kovalenko].

PMID- 161398
TI  - Breakthrough: the dancing wheelchairs story.

PMID- 161399
TI  - Isolation of a genomal clone containing chicken histone genes.
AB  - We have used enriched chicken histone cDNA to select genomal clones from a
      chicken library. Because the cDNA probe also contained other sequences, a further
      screening of positive plagues with negative probes eliminated most non-histone
      gene clones. One 'positively-selected' genomal clone, lambda CH-01, hybridised
      with cloned sea-urchin histone genes and also detected histone genes in EcoRI
      digested genomal sea-urchin DNA. Limited DNA sequencing of HaeIII fragments
      identified two sequences within the coding region of chicken histone H2A. A third
      fragment predicted an amino acid sequence with strong homology to an H1 histone
      sequence.

PMID- 161400
TI  - [Home care of institutionalization of handicapped children--parental decision
      making and its criteria].

PMID- 161401
TI  - PCPA potentiates the effects of specific copulatory experience on the sexual
      behavior of the pudendectomized male rat.
AB  - The interactional effects of bilateral pudendectomy and sexual experience were
      studied on the sexual behavior of male rats. In Experiment 1, limited sexual
      experience in terms of mounts, intromissions or ejaculations was provided prior
      to the operation. The sexual behavior was then tested before and after treatment
      with PCPA, a drug known to increase the sexual activity of male rats. In
      Experiment 2, massive sexual experience was provided the animals prior to
      pudendectomy, and the sexual behavior was tested with or without PCPA treatment.
      No variety of limited sexual experience differentiated the effects of
      pudendectomy. After PCPA treatment, however, the intromittive and ejaculatory
      capacity of all experienced animals improved significantly. In animals with
      massive sexual experience the behavioral dysfunctions after pudendectomy were
      even more dramatically counteracted by PCPA treatment.

PMID- 161402
TI  - Interaction of actin with myosin A and heavy meromyosin.
AB  - Ca2+ "free" actomyosin suspensions as well as actin heavy meromyosin (HMM)
      solutions in the presence of Ca2+ showed no contractile response
      (superprecipitation) and had low steady-state Mg2+-ATPase activity. Under the
      same experimental conditions both the enzymatic activity increased and
      contractile response was restored if the solubility of the proteins was depressed
      by the addition of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG-4000). The stability of the
      enzymatically active actomyosin or actin HMM complexes was 10 times lower in
      cleared solutions than in the insoluble actomyosin or actin HMM suspensions. It
      was concluded that soluble actomyosin or actin HMM solutions are inadequate test
      tube models for studying muscular contraction.

PMID- 161403
TI  - [Serious side effects with D-penicillamine therapy for Wilson's disease].
AB  - Immunocomplex nephritis as one of the serious side-effects is dealt with on the
      basis of 41 patients with Wilson's Disease who have been treated for many years
      and were stabilised on D-penicillinamine. In one quarter of the patients,
      proteinuria was found 1 to 5 years after the beginning of the therapy. Until now,
      an immunocomplex nephritis with diffuse granular, mainly epimembranous IgG and C3
      deposits on the glomerular basement membran was found in four patients. No
      circulating antibodies against cell nuclei were found. The finding of
      immunocomplex nephritis calls for the discontinuation of the therapy for an at
      present unknown period of time.

PMID- 161404
TI  - Demographic and affective covariates of pain.
AB  - Relationships of four demographic variables and five affective variables to eight
      attributes of low back pain were investigated in 251 patients by stepwise,
      multivariate analysis. The demographic variables are age, sex, race, and
      education. The affective variables are state anxiety, trait anxiety anxiety,
      hostility, and depression. Seven of the pain variables are from the factorially
      derived Low Back Pain Questionnaire. The eighth pain variable is a self-estimate
      of intensity. Relationships among demographic and pain variables are small and
      unsystematic. Hostility has a small, systematically inverse relation to pain
      variables, supporting theories relating low back pain to inhibition of anger.
      Anxiety has a small positive relationship, and depression has no relationship to
      pain variables. In general, the small relationships indicate that the Low Back
      Pain Questionnaire provides descriptions of pain that are not confounded by
      social characteristics or current emotional states of patients.

PMID- 161405
TI  - [Prune belly syndrome].

PMID- 161406
TI  - [Plant extracts with cytostatic properties growing in Cuba. II].
AB  - The study of the cytostatic activity of aqueous, alcoholic and ketonic extracts
      from 18 parts of 9 species of superior plants of the families Araceae,
      Borraginacease, Burseraceae, Cesalpinaceae, Meliaceae, Compositae, Rebiaceae,
      Cruciferaceae and Verbenaceae using the microbiologic method of described by
      Kubas in 1972 is pursued. The best results were obtained from Hamelia patens.
      Lippia alba, Lepidium virginicum, Cassia ligustrina, Bursera simaruba and
      Heliotropium campechianum extracts.

PMID- 161407
TI  - [Plant extracts with cytostatic properties growing in Cuba. I].
AB  - The cytostatic activity of aqueous, alcoholic and ketonic extracts of 9 species
      of superior plants of the families Fitolacaceae, Compositae, Moraceae,
      Zingiberaceae, Martiniaceae, Mirtaceae, Verbenaceae and Annonaceae was assessed.
      The Kubas microbiologic method and the fungus Ascomiceto Neurospora crassa were
      used in the assessment. The fungus growth was measured in millimeters. Inhibition
      percentages for every case regarding control are reported. The best results  were
      obtained from Annona muricata, Costus spiralis, Cecropia peltata, Xanthium
      chinense and Pluchea adorata extracts.

PMID- 161408
TI  - [Subjective causal explanation models in the process of coping with a physical
      impairment (author's transl)].
AB  - The article points out to what extent subjective cognitions and, in particular,
      naive explanation models can influence the process of adjustment to the
      functional limitations of person afflicted with a permanent or long-lasting
      impairment of his physical integrity. Examples of persons with fairly different
      types of impairments indicate that in such cases, individual explanation models
      must always be assumed. This is all the more important because these models can
      considerably hamper rehabilitation and preventive procedures as a result of their
      influence on personal experience and behaviour. On the basis of these statements
      the article points out the necessity of taking the psychological situation of the
      individual still more into account within the overall treatment.

PMID- 161409
TI  - [The severely disabled: a new way of driving a car (author's transl)].
AB  - In many cases, the provision of an automobile equipped with a special control
      system is a necessary part of the rehabilitation of the severely disabled. The
      car is so important to the disabled as it enables him to overcome daily the
      distance between home and place of work, hence increasing his mobility and life
      quality. The presented care control system was developed to meet the individual
      needs of a particular disability. It is, however, possible to use this system
      for, or adapt it to, similar types of disabilities. This problem complex has been
      overcome by following innovations: 1. The electronically controlled accelerator
      which can be operated with minimal finger pressure. 2. The LIDA shoulder device
      for tetraplegics, a connecting piece between the shoulder and the manually
      operated brake lever. 3. The removable armrest on the right hand side of the
      driver's seat to improve the sitting stability. The car can be easily be
      converted for "normal driving". The author received financial assistance.

PMID- 161410
TI  - Immunological release of histamine from human lung. II. Studies on acetylcholine
      and the anticholinergic agent ipratropium bromide.
AB  - The experiments reported in this work have been performed to measure the effects
      of acetylcholine and the anticholinergic agent ipratropium bromide on the antigen
      induced release of histamine from sensitized human lung in vitro. Primarily,
      ipratropium bromide did not have any effect, even at higher concentrations.
      Acetylcholine at a concentration of 1 x 10(-7)M increased the antigen-induced
      release of histamine by approximately 41%. When the lung tissue was treated with
      ipratropium bromide before acetylcholine, the competitive inhibition of the
      cholinergic receptor almost completely abolished this acetylcholine-induced
      increase of histamine release. Therefore, in our opinion, anticholinergic agents
      are primarily useful in vagus-controlled chronic obstructive ventilatory
      disorders; they are of secondary importance in allergic bronchial asthma.

PMID- 161411
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of genetic illnesses. 500 cases].

PMID- 161412
TI  - [Deficits of granulocytic function in pathology of adult and pediatric ages.
      (Personal observations and review of the literature)].

PMID- 161413
TI  - [Subacute myelopathy during a course of treatment with clioquinol in a patient
      colectomized for Crohn's disease].

PMID- 161414
TI  - [Side effects of oral retinoid Ro 10-9359 on the unaffected skin of psoriatic
      patients: retinoid dermatitis].
AB  - Dermatitis occurring as a side effect in psoriatic patients during oral
      administration of the retinoid acid derivative Ro 10-9359 is described. This so
      called retinoid dermatitis exhibits a characteristic disseminated pattern. Sites
      of predilection are the face, the exterior surface of the upper and the interior
      surface of the lower arms, the superior thoracic aperture, the back of the hands
      and the flanks. The lesions present as follicular papules and/or vesicles. The
      histological picture is that of acute non-specific dermatitis. This retinoid
      dermatitis was observed in 9 our of 23 patients (39%) treated with Ro 10-9359.
      Other side effect such as erythema, desquamation, itching and, rarely, a burning
      sensation showed the same distribution. The characteristic dermatitis, as well as
      the other side effects mentioned, occur dose-dependently within the normal
      therapeutic range of Ro 10-9359 for psoriasis (0.5--1 mg/kg bodyweight daily).

PMID- 161415
TI  - From stigma to identity politics: political activism among the physically
      disabled and former mental patients.

PMID- 161416
TI  - The host/parasite relationships of Xenopsylla astia and X. cheopis on Bandicota
      bengalensis in Rangoon, Burma.
AB  - In Rangoon, Burma, over half the commensal B. bengalensis taken in live traps
      were found to be infested with Xenopsylla species fleas. X. astia infestations
      were twice as common as those of the classic plague vector X. cheopis. In terms
      of absolute numbers X. astia outnumbered X. cheopis by 10 to 1. X. astia was more
      commonly found as a monospecific infestation, and X. cheopis was more commonly
      found mixed with X. astia. The flea indicies were high, with a specific index of
      2.4 for X. cheopis and 10.2 for X. astia. The flea indicies and flea sex ratios
      remained stable across the host population and could not be correlated to changes
      in the head and body length of the host and were not different on male or female
      hosts. The evidence of this and other surveys is that X. cheopis is not as well
      adapted for parasitism on free ranging B. bengalensis as is X. astia.

PMID- 161417
TI  - Retinoic acid cream (Airol cream) and benzoyl-peroxide in the treatment of acne
      vulgaris.
AB  - A clinical trial using Airol cream (retinoic acid cream 0.05%), Panoxyl-5 and
      Panoxyl-10 (benzoyl-peroxide alcoholic gel 5% & 10%) in combination and alone as
      topical applications for 10 weeks was carried out on 150 ambulatory patients with
      acne vulgaris. The results based on efficacy, drug tolerance and treatment
      duration show that the combined use of Panoxyl and Airol is superior to the use
      of either drug alone and that the combination of Airol cream (0.05%) in the
      morning and Panoxyl gel (5%) before retiring was the most satisfactory.

PMID- 161418
TI  - [Ways to improve socialist competition in the hospital].

PMID- 161419
TI  - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. An immune-complexes disease? (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161420
TI  - [Haemolytic anaemia due to arterial prosthesis (author's transl)].

PMID- 161421
TI  - Effect of BCG immunotherapy on alloantigen-induced blastogenesis and cytotoxicity
      of lymph node lymphocytes in patients with melanoma.

PMID- 161423
TI  - Nondimensional normalized femoral Doppler wave-form indices to predict the
      hemodynamic significance of iliac artery stenosis.

PMID- 161422
TI  - Control of pulmonary fibrinolytic activity by prostaglandins.

PMID- 161424
TI  - Regulation of wound-directed blood flow.

PMID- 161425
TI  - Fibrinolytic response of vein wall after venous grafting.

PMID- 161426
TI  - Cultured autogenous endothelial cell seeding of prosthetic vascular grafts.

PMID- 161427
TI  - Angiotensin II levels during cardiopulmonary bypass: a comparison of pulsatile
      and nonpulsatile flow.

PMID- 161428
TI  - Early assay of histoincompatibility in the mixed lymphocyte culture.

PMID- 161429
TI  - Mechanism of cytoprotective effects of PGE2.

PMID- 161430
TI  - Fate of Dacron prostheses in the small bowel of rabbits.

PMID- 161431
TI  - [Abramov-Fiedler's idiopathic myocarditis].

PMID- 161432
TI  - Chairside language.

PMID- 161433
TI  - Isolation of 4 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3 beta-ol from ester
      fractions of nutritionally deprived Neurospora crassa.
AB  - A method of isolating pure fractions of 4 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-ergosta-8,24(28)
      dien-38-ol for sterol intermediate studies is described. Starvation cultures of
      Neurospora crassa readily incorporate exogenous mevalonic acid into the sterol
      ester fraction. Isolation involves a simple solvent extraction and two
      chromatograms. Only the ester fraction yielded the required purity. Radioactive 4
      alpha-methyl-5 alpha-ergosta-8,24(28)-dien-3 beta-ol is readily produced from DL
      [2-14C] mevalonic acid.

PMID- 161434
TI  - Metabolism of pregnenolone by human breast cancer. Evidence for 17 alpha
      hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase.
AB  - The metabolism of 7-(3)H-pregnenolone was studied in vitro using 16 human breast
      carcinomas. All mammary tumors transformed pregnenolone to progesterone. All
      estrogen receptor poor tumors and 4 out of 8 estrogen receptor rich tumors
      converted pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone. Five estrogen receptor poor
      tumors showed the presence of 17,20-lyase as evidenced by formation of
      dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione. In two estrogen receptor poor tumors,
      conversions of pregnenolone to progesterone, 17-hydroxy pregnenolone,
      dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and finally to estradiol was documented,
      providing a hypothetical pathway for steroid metabolism in human breast cancer.
      The conversion of pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone was significantly less
      in receptor rich tumors and was totally absent in 4 receptor rich tumors with
      estrogen receptors of over 45 fmol/mg protein.

PMID- 161435
TI  - The in vivo metabolism of 7 beta, 17-dimethyltestosterone-6,7-3H.
AB  - 7 beta, 17-Dimethyltestosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-7 beta, 17-dimethyl-4-androsten
      3-one) (I) was given to three subjects in oral doses of 400 mg per day for ten
      days. The initial dose contained the steroid tritiated in the 6 and 7 positions.
      Plasma levels and urinary excretion patterns were followed in all three subjects.
      Isolations were done on the urine, plasma, and stools of one patient. From the
      urine 7 beta, 17-dimethyl- 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (VI) was
      isolated from the nonhydrolyzed fractions. Unchanged (I), 7 beta,17-dimethyl-5
      beta-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (III) and 7 beta, 17-dimethyl-5 beta
      androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (IV) were isolated from the nonhydrolyzed and
      enzyme-hydrolyzed fractions. 7 beta,17-dimethyl-5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17
      beta-diol (V) was isolated from the enzymatic fractions. From the stools were
      isolated unchanged (I), (III), (IV), (V), and (VI). Unchanged (I) and its 5 alpha
      dihydro derivative (17 beta-hydroxy-7 beta,17-dimethyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one)
      (II) were identified in the plasma. The total recovery of radioactivity in the
      one patient on whom the isolations were done was 57%; 40% from the urine and 17%
      from the stools.

PMID- 161436
TI  - Enzyme analyses of Bulinus africanus group snails (Mollusca: Planorbidae) from
      Tanzania.
AB  - 38 population samples of snails of the Bulinus africanus group, collected from
      three separate areas of Tanzania, have been examined. Enzymes in crude digestive
      gland extracts of individual snails have been analysed by isoelectric focusing in
      polyacrylamide gels. The enzymes studied were: malate dehydrogenase (MDH);
      phosphoglucomutase (PGM); glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI); acid phosphatase
      (AcP) and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH). Samples of B. nasutus were
      clearly differentiated from other species and enzyme differences were apparent
      between samples from the lake and coastal areas. Similarly, although clear
      distinctions could not always be made, samples of B. africanus, B. globosus and
      B. ugandae were characterized by their enzyme types. Individual variation was
      detected within populations and the significance of enzyme polymorphisms in
      relation to identification has been considered. No correlation was found between
      snail enzyme type and susceptibility to Schistosoma haematobium or S. bovis.

PMID- 161437
TI  - [The etiology and pathogenesis of bone formation in patients with brain injury or
      paraplegia. Part II: Histochemistry of the soft tissues in the vicinity of the
      fracture (author's transl)].

PMID- 161438
TI  - [Effectiveness of the overall treatment of ischemic heart disease at the central
      mountain health resort of Cholpon-Ata].

PMID- 161439
TI  - [Change in patient reactivity in chronic nonspecific lung diseases under the
      influence of overall treatment at Yalta].

PMID- 161440
TI  - "Special children special parents" - children with special needs.

PMID- 161441
TI  - [The value of laparoscopy within the framework of standardization of the
      diagnosis of stomach neoplasms].
AB  - Today the operative treatment of the carcinoma of the stomach is methodically
      mature. The prognosis is determined from the moment of the extension of the
      tumour. The establishment of the operability and of the tactical operative
      approach presumes an exact preoperative determination of the stage of the tumour
      using all possible diagnostic methods. While X-ray examination of the stomach and
      gastroscopy seize only the extension of the area of the tumour, the laparoscopy
      gives the possibility of an evidence of the deep growth of the tumour and
      metastasizing of the tumour and saves a test laparotomy for inoperable patients.
      A continuous interdisciplinary cooperation renders possible an immediate
      admission of the patient to a surgical clinic.

PMID- 161442
TI  - [Sudden cardiac death due to myocardial sarcoidosis].
AB  - The participation of the myocardium in sarcoidosis is a severe complication which
      in very rare cases may lead to the acute cardiac death. Morphological problems
      result from all accessory cardiac changes.

PMID- 161443
TI  - [Excretion of acid mucopolysaccharides in the urine and sweat in hereditary
      bullous epidermolysis].
AB  - Urine samples of five patients with epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria were
      examined for the presence of acid glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and compared to 10
      healthy subjects. A significant increase (p less than 0.0005) could be detected
      in patients with epidermolysis (t = 6.66, means: 49.7 mg/day, standard deviation:
      +/- 18.3). Additionally, acid glycosaminoglycan concentration in sweat of
      patients and healthy controls was determined but statistical calculations showed
      no significant difference (p less than 0.15). On grounds of the increased
      mucopolysaccharide excretion and the previous studies of collagen
      glycosaminoglycan interactions, we strongly suggest that acid GAG are involved in
      the pathogenesis of that disease with the molecular defect of disturbed fibril
      formation due to the altered skin collagen-glycosaminoglycan equilibrium.

PMID- 161444
TI  - Mechanism of paraquat action: inhibition of the herbicidal effect by a copper
      chelate with superoxide dismutating activity.
AB  - The treatment of flax cotyledons (Linium usitatissimum) with paraquat was shown
      to decrease the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. The fatty acid
      content of chloroplast fragments isolated from treated tissue was determined and
      shown to be greatly decreased by paraquat treatment. The superoxide radical was
      demonstrated to play an important role in the phytotoxic action of paraquat by
      the use of a copper chelate of D-penicillamine, which has a high superoxide is
      discussed with reference to the generation of more toxic species, such as singlet
      oxygen.

PMID- 161445
TI  - [ECG seminar II. The myocardial infarct ECG].

PMID- 161446
TI  - [Being entirely dependent on others].

PMID- 161447
TI  - [The National Research Program "Problems of Social Integration in Switzerland"].

PMID- 161448
TI  - [Attitude towards the handicapped with reference to cultural values and
      personality characteristics].

PMID- 161449
TI  - [Experimental assessment of the effectiveness of general and local caries
      preventives by the use of complex factor analyses (author's transl)].
AB  - Using the method of complex factor analysis, it was possible to characterize the
      results of experiments conducted with a view to determining the anticariogenic
      effects upon 104 Wistar rats of fluoridated water, fluoride-containing gel, and
      remineralizing solutions. The anticariogenic effects were highest for fluoridated
      drinking water, less satisfactory for fluoride-containing gels, and minimal for
      remineralizing solutions. Simultaneous application of these anticarious agents
      was seen to exert an increased inhibitory action upon the progress of dental
      caries. A typical example is used to show that the use of complex factor analysis
      yields additional results showing the interaction of the factors being studied
      and substantially reduces the number of test animals and the time required for
      experimentation.

PMID- 161451
TI  - [Changes in microhardness of hard dental tissues of rabbits after internal
      medication of antibiotics (author's transl)].
AB  - Comparative Vickers hardness measurements on hard dental tissues mineralized
      under normal conditions and under the influence of antibiotic substances showed
      substance-and dose-dependent variations in quality of superficial enamel and
      dentine. They were found to correlate with other physicochemical properties (acid
      solubility) and must be considered as belonging to what is generally referred to
      as structural anomalies. - Consequently, the administration of antibiotics to
      babies and young children should be reexamined because of possible late effects.

PMID- 161450
TI  - [Testing a method of using fluoride in the treatment of periodontal diseases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Factorial planning of the program of testing provided significant evidence that,
      under the influence of a periodontally pathogenetic diet administered to animals,
      the enteral supply of fluoride tends to normalize the incorporation of Ca45 and
      P32 into the mineral fraction and further disturb the incorporation of P32 and
      lysine-1 C14 into the protein fraction of the bone tissue of the femur and jaw,
      respectively. Calcium electrophoresis provides for the normalization of the
      corresponding value of protein metabolism (incorporation of P32 and lysine-1 C14
      into the organic fraction) in calcified tissues. Combined use of two therapeutic
      factors produces most favorable effects upon both the mineral and protein
      metabolism. This also reduces the negative effect exerted by the use of fluorine
      alone.

PMID- 161452
TI  - [Phantom head used to acquire skill in local anesthesia in the mandibular and
      maxillary regions (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper describes a phantom head used to acquire skill in local anesthesia in
      the mandibular and maxillary regions, thus helping students in putting
      theoretical knowledge into practice. An electric display device enables the
      student's proficiency level to be determined objectively. Five years' clinical
      testing of the phantom in the practical training of students shows the advantages
      of simulatory methods of training. Although this form of instruction cannot of
      course be regarded as an alternative to practical anesthetizing exercises on
      patients, yet it has proved a valuable addition to the various possible ways of
      putting theoretical knowledge into clinical practice.

PMID- 161453
TI  - [On the significance of severely keratinizing squamous cell carcinomata in the
      oral cavity (author's transl)]].
AB  - Severely keratinizing squamous cell carcinomata are very infrequently observed
      oral cavity tumors with a relatively nonmalignant character. Problems of clinical
      diagnosis and the significance of such carcinomata are discussed with reference
      to the case history of a 38-year-old male patient.

PMID- 161454
TI  - [Comparative studies of the influence of osteoplasty upon maxillary growth
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Model series of patients with cheiloschisis, gnathoschisis, and palatoschisis,
      who at the age of 4 to 6 had been undergoing surgical operations with
      simultaneous osteoplasty, were examined, at the age of 9 to 16, for the maxillary
      growth in length and width. Serving as a reference group were models of patients
      of a morphologically similar group where the operation for cleft palate had been
      performed by the same technique, but without additional osteoplasty. It was not
      possible to obtain statistical evidence for a negative influence of osteoplasty
      upon maxillary growth.

PMID- 161456
TI  - [Skin-resorptive health-threatening substances in industry].

PMID- 161455
TI  - [Clinical-morphological report for adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a benign lesion mostly detected as a random
      finding. Often the lesion is thought to be an odontogenic cyst owing to its
      clinical and radiographical appearance. Only histological investigation enables
      correct diagnosis. The case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor of a 20-year-old
      woman is reported. The tumor was taken for a globulo-maxillary cyst. - The
      typical histological picture prevents confusion with other odontogenic tumors.
      Simple exstirpation is sufficient.

PMID- 161457
TI  - Field and laboratory studies of swine mycotoxicosis in the S. R. of Serbia
      (Yugoslavia).

PMID- 161459
TI  - Acute perihepatitis.
AB  - Fourteen young females with acute pains in the right hypochondrium were admitted
      to the Surgical Department. The history and clinical findings were typical of
      acute perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome), and the diagnosis was confirmed
      by laparoscopy. The gynecological symptoms and signs were negligible, and
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae were cultured from the endocervix in two of the patients.
      Pathogenes in the suprahepatic space were not demonstrated. Eight patients used
      intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) of the Copper-T-type. Acute perihepatitis
      is an important differential diagnosis in young females presenting with acute
      pains in the right hypochondrium.

PMID- 161458
TI  - Circulatory effects of somatostatin in anesthetized man.
AB  - The effect of intravenous somatostatin (1 microgram.kg-1 over 1 min) on arterial
      pressure and on the blood flow to various splanchnic organs, skeletal muscle and
      brain tissue was studied by means of electromagnetic blood flow measurements in
      patients undergoing abdominal surgery or reconstructive surgery of the internal
      carotid artery. Somatostatin infusion reduced the blood flow in the common
      hepatic artery by 56%, in the splenic artery by 26%, in the ileocolic artery by
      34% and in the left colic artery by 36%. External iliac artery blood flow was
      increased by 43% while internal carotid artery blood flow was unchanged. Mean
      arterial pressure was increased by 20%. It is suggested that these circulatory
      effects of somatostatin are due to a direct effect of somatostatin on vascular
      smooth muscle.

PMID- 161460
TI  - [Characteristics of the erythrocyte movement in the vicinity of the flow chamber
      wall].
AB  - In perfusion experiments it was demonstrated that in close vicinity to the lower
      wall of a microscopic flow chamber a fraction of red blood cells do not exhibit
      the typical rotational motion, but flow in a steady position with the flat
      surface to the wall. The velocity of these cells is significantly smaller than
      that of the fluid in the same region of the channel. It is suggested that the
      phenomenon is caused by the action of adhesion-type forces operating between the
      flowing cells and the channel wall.

PMID- 161462
TI  - [The narrow lumbar canal].

PMID- 161463
TI  - Evaluation of the period of disablement as a consequence of industrial accidents
      with miners.

PMID- 161461
TI  - [Pulmonary function tests with the bronchodilator Terbutaline].
AB  - The acute bronchodilator effect of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline
      was tested single-blind cross-over in out-patients with chronic obstructive
      airways disease (intrinsic asthma). In 7 series comparisons were made with other
      marketed bronchodilators. Airways resistance was measured by whole body
      plethysmography. In another 3 series the effect on heart rate of terbutaline and
      other adrenocepter agonists was tested in healthy volunteers. Terbutaline and the
      adrenoceptor agonists clenbuterol, epinephrine, fenoterol, hexoprenaline,
      isoprenaline, metaproterenol, reproterol and salbutamol, the vagolytics atropine,
      ipratropium bromide and AA 22-263, the xanthinederivative theophylline
      ethylenediamine and one combined substance drug were used.

PMID- 161464
TI  - Hidden contact allergens in ORL-pharmaceutical preparations.

PMID- 161465
TI  - Nasal methacholine challenge and ipratropium therapy. Laboratory studies and a
      clinical trial in perennial rhinitis.

PMID- 161466
TI  - Hemihypertrophy with unilateral folliculitis and acne.
AB  - A case of congenital hemihypertrophy, right-sided folliculitis and acne in a 16
      year-old boy is described. Except for hemihypertrophy and skin changes on the
      right side, no other abnormalities were found. A similar combination could not be
      found in the literature.

PMID- 161467
TI  - Differences in urinary trichloroethylene metabolites of animals.
AB  - Differences in urinary excretion of trichloroethylene were studied in rabbits,
      rats and mice. Trichloretylene (1 m mole/kg) was injected intra-peritoneally,
      then urinary trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol glucuronide were measured.
      The results were: 1. The ratio of total excretion of trichloroethylene
      metabolites to the administered trichloroethylene decreased in the order of mice,
      rats and rabbits. 2. The ratio of total trichloroethanol to trichloroacetic acid
      in urine decreased in the order of rabbits (69.2), mice (12.8) and rats (2.3).
      The high ratio in rabbits was due to the extremely small amount of
      trichloroacetic acid in the urine. 3. Differences in these two urinary
      metabolites in the three kinds of animals and in human subjects were discussed.

PMID- 161468
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of interaction of peripheral blood lymphocytes from
      colonic cancer patients with human colonic cancer-derived cells; P-4788.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes and the various lymphocyte fractions from patients
      with cancer of the colon were cultivated with target cells (P-4788) derived from
      the colon cancer. Changes in the surface ultrastructure during tumor cell
      destruction were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). P-4788 cells
      adhering to the coverslip showed various surface activity. The surfaces of some
      cells were relatively flat; others were smooth or had fine granules. Still other
      cells were villous, round or had marked blebs. When host lymphocytes were added
      to the target cells, adhesion of the two cell groups began by many fine
      projections. After incubation for 6 h, some lymphocytes had adhered to the target
      cells. Many lymphocytes had adhered to the target tumor cells by 24--48 h
      incubation. Ultimately the tumor cells became swollen and disrupted. Most
      lymphocytes adherent to the target cells had few microvilli. Lymphocytes after
      elimination of phagocytes by carbonyl iron treatment also adhered readily. Some
      target cells showed adhesion with lymphocytes passed through nylon-wool columns,
      although the number of lymphocytes adhering was fewer than in the case of
      lymphocytes not passed through nylon-wool columns. T cells were collected from
      lymphocytes that form rosettes with SRBC by isolation with NH4Cl. They had
      markedly elongated microvilli which in places were sparsely scattered and tended
      to be localized on the side, a finding which suggests loss of cell activity by
      the time of SEM. Only a few T cells adhered to target cells and they seemed to be
      T cells without activity. It was thought that there are cytotoxic cells among T
      cells and that the co-existence of T cells, non-T cells and monocytes caused
      target cell destruction.

PMID- 161469
TI  - An animal model of fulminant hepatic failure in the rat.
AB  - A reproducible animal model of fulminant hepatic failure was developed by
      intraperitoneal administration of D-galactosamine hydrochloride to Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Biochemical and morphological hepatic injury and brain edema resembled
      human fulminant hepatic failure. This model would facilitate further studies of
      the pathogenesis of brain dysfunction and evaluation of treatment in fulminant
      hepatic failure.

PMID- 161470
TI  - The tumor-forming type of multiple myeloma. II. Clinical profile and therapeutic
      effect.
AB  - In the six cases of tumor-forming type as described in the part I of this series,
      the estimated ages at disease onset ranged from 55 to 82 years old. Tumor-forming
      sites consisted of three cases each in skull and ribs, and one each in pelvis and
      palate. Bone x-rays revealed usually larger punched-out lesions adjacent to
      smaller punched-out lesions with tumor formation corresponding to the larger
      lesion. Plasma cells averaged 5.8% in myelogram, and monoclonal immunoglobulin
      consisted all of IgG. Clinical stages were in IA in four patients vs. IIA in two,
      and single or combined chemotherapy worked well on all the patients. A
      comparative study on decrease of monoclonal immunoglobulin value against
      chemotherapy between tumor-forming and non-tumor-forming types was made. The
      uniqueness of the tumor-forming type was emphasized to arouse attention to
      appropriate therapeutic measures for these patients.

PMID- 161471
TI  - Malacoplakia of probable retroperitoneal origin.
AB  - A case of extravesical malacoplakia, the first case in Japan, is described in
      detail. The patient was a 61-year-old woman with a right flank mass.
      Radiologically, the mass was thought to be of the renal origin. Surgically,
      however, the tumor was found attached not only to the cortical surface but
      extended to the retroperitoneum and psoas muscle. Pathological examination
      confirmed the lesion to be malacoplakia characterized by the presence of von
      Hansemann cells and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies.

PMID- 161472
TI  - Pseudomyxoma peritonei of ovarian origin--an autopsy case.
AB  - The autopsy case of an 80-year-old female with pseudomyxoma peritonei arising in
      the left ovary is reported. The patient was admitted with complaints of anorexia,
      sense of fullness and abdominal distension of two months' duration, and died of
      intestinal obstruction four months later. The autopsy revealed extensive tumor
      dissemination over the entire peritoneal cavity without any visceral invasion or
      distant metastasis. A part of the sigmoid colon showed marked stenosis and
      perforation with abscess formation. Histologically, the tumor was composed of
      various sized multiple cysts which were completely or incompletely lined by a
      layer of mucin-producing columnar epithelial cells with moderate nuclear
      hyperchromatism, and of a papillary pattern in some parts, indicating low grade
      malignancy.

PMID- 161473
TI  - Quantitative determination of urinary trichloroacetic acid as an index of
      trichloroethylene exposure by high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high performance lipuid chromatographic method for the determination of urinary
      trichloroacetic acid, a metabolite of trichloroethylene, is described. A
      stainless steel column packed with Hitachi gel 2618 (H form) was used and the
      mobile phase was one per cent aqueous phosphoric acid. Urine can be analyzed
      directly without any solvent extraction or pretreatment. The minimal detection
      limit was 0.5 micrograms per analysis. The present method is simple and specific,
      and can be performed within 10 min.

PMID- 161475
TI  - My aching back.

PMID- 161474
TI  - [Contribution of electromyography in the study of functional dysharmonies in
      pediatric odontostomatology].

PMID- 161476
TI  - Hypnosis in the control of chronic low back pain.

PMID- 161477
TI  - Discriminatory aspects of pre-employment screening: low-back X-ray examinations
      in the railroad industry.
AB  - In screening the majority of job applicants, most of this nation's railroads
      administer a low-back X-ray examination in an attempt to ascertain the likelihood
      that the applicant will sustain future work-related low-back pain or injury. Many
      applicants are rejected for employment on the basis of the X-ray findings. The
      railroads apparently perceive this screening program as a cost-effective means
      (1) of decreasing the incidence of compensation claims for work-related injuries,
      brought against the railroads under the Federal Employers' Liability Act (FELA),
      (2) of reducing the number of lost workdays resulting from low-back pain or
      injury, and (3) of protecting particularly susceptible workers from job-related
      hazards. The authors of this Article submit that low-back X-ray examinations are
      poor predictors of future low-back pain or injury. They assert that the
      railroads' use of such examinations misclassifies a substantial number of job
      applicants as being at increased risk for such pain or injury, and, in
      consequence, unfairly denies them employment. Furthermore, the authors claim, the
      screening program has other negative consequences. For example, applicants
      rejected for railroad employment on the basis of X-ray findings may as a result
      have difficulty finding jobs in other industries. In addition, they state, there
      is a potential radiation hazard to examinees. Moreover, both the railroads and
      those applicants accepted for employment may inappropriately be reassured by
      normal findings. On balance, the authors conclude, the screening program has a
      negative social value. The authors suggest that the program, in effect,
      erraneously labels many applicants as handicapped, and then denies them
      employment. Such persons might have legal recourse under federal and state
      statutes prohibiting employment discrimination against the handicapped.

PMID- 161478
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of the effect of hemodialysis on cardiac size and
      function in patients with end-stage renal disease.
AB  - Twelve stable patients with end-stage renal failure maintained on hemodialysis
      were studied by echocardiography before and after dialysis. The left ventricular
      (LV) end-diastolic wall thickness, interventricular septal thickness and LV mass
      were increaed suggesting concentric LV hypertrophy. The LV end-diastolic and end
      systolic volumes, and cardiac output were increased before dialysis. Aortic root
      dimensions, aortic valve opening, left atrium, LV wall and septal excursions and
      per cent LV internal diameter shortening were normal before dialysis. Some
      pericardial effusion was found in 50% of the patients without any symptoms or
      signs. With dialysis the systolic and diastolic volumes and dimensions of the
      left ventricle and atrium decreased significantly as did the stroke volume. These
      changes were associated with a significant reduction of body weight, and thereby
      blood volume, induced by dialysis. The cardiac output remained unchanged despite
      significant reduction in the stroke volume due to an increase in heart rate.

PMID- 161479
TI  - [Device for measurements of blood flow in the great retinal vessels of man
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A combined measuring unit for the Retinophot is described which can be used to
      determine the blood flow through the great retinal vessels. This method is
      possible by combination of the two-point photometry with length measurements by
      means of rocking-plate micrometry. The first measuring results are presented.

PMID- 161480
TI  - [The fine structure of the bulbus olfactorius of the hen].

PMID- 161481
TI  - [Light microscopic study of the hair of wild animals of the Pyrenees for the
      purpose of species determination].

PMID- 161482
TI  - Fine structure of principal cells in the initial segment of the epididymal duct
      in the ram.

PMID- 161483
TI  - [Capillary convolutions of the parietal pleura of the goat (Capra aegagrus
      hircus)].

PMID- 161484
TI  - [Comparative anatomy of the arteries of the forelimbs of domestic mammals. I. The
      arteria radiales system].

PMID- 161485
TI  - [Yolk sac stones in domestic fowl].

PMID- 161486
TI  - The growth of the transverse sectional area (TSA) of M. semitendinosus in the dog
      and horse and its relation to athletic ability in the two species.

PMID- 161487
TI  - [Usefulness of the ultrasonocardiographic examination in the evaluation of the
      left atrium size in patients with mitral valve defect].

PMID- 161488
TI  - [Laparoscopy in digestive diseases of a surgical nature].

PMID- 161489
TI  - [Water electrolyte excretion disorders during dry erythroderma: hypersecretion of
      antidiuretic hormone?].

PMID- 161490
TI  - The effects of suturing technique and vessel size on patency after microarterial
      repair.
AB  - According to most of the literature, sutures for microarterial repair must
      include the intima to prevent an "intimal flap" and occlusion of the anastomosis.
      Some authors have said that vessel diameter affects patency rate. This study was
      designed to evaluate these two statements. The femoral arteries (about 1.0 mm in
      diameter), the epigastric arteries (about 0.5 mm), and the central ear arteries
      (about 0.5 mm) of rabbits were studied. Alternate arteries were repaired using
      conventional suturing techniques or sutures which included the adventitia and
      media but excluded the intima. The patency rate in the 1 mm or 0.5 mm vessels was
      not affected by inclusion or exclusion of the intima from the microarterial
      repair. The patency rate for conventionally repaired arteries 1 mm in diameter
      was significantly higher than that for 0.5 mm arteries.

PMID- 161491
TI  - Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves: quantitation of antibody activities in sera and
      respiratory secretions by immuno-enzymatic analysis.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) which is in detail described here
      has been adapted to trace antibody production in different fluids from infected
      calves. Seven calves were infected both with Dictyocaulus viviparus, and with
      several intestinal nematodes. Antibodies against an antigen prepared from
      Dictyocaulus viviparus adult worms were first detected during the 5th week post
      infection, both in serum and nasal secretions, and were also observed in
      bronchial washings of the same calves slaughtered 53 days post-infection. IgA
      antibodies were never evident in the serum but were found in limited quantities
      in nasal secretions. In bronchial washings at slaughtering, a significant part of
      antibody activity is accounted for by the local IgA production.

PMID- 161492
TI  - Incidence of zearalenol (Fusarium mycotoxin) in animal feed.
AB  - Zearalenol, the reduction product of zearalenone produced by Fusarium roseum
      growing in cereals, was found for the first time naturally occurring in oats and
      corn. This metabolite is three to four times more active estrogenically than
      zearalenone.

PMID- 161493
TI  - [On the plurifactorial determinism of the organophosphorous-induced teratogenesis
      on bird embryos; trials of protection by various compounds: oximes, hydroxamic
      acids and nicotinamide analogs (author's transl)].
AB  - Simple methods were applied to study the teratogenesis in Quail embryos induced
      by two important organophosphorous compounds: parathion and dicrotophos.
      Parathion led only to vertebral malformations, as other natural and synthetic
      cholinomimetics: nicotine, carbamylcholine, decamethonium, neostigmine...
      Dicrotophos induced not only vertebral malformations (specific to neuromuscular
      junction poisons) but also beak, legs and feather abnormalities (peripheric
      malformations which are also produced by insuline and sulfanilamide). Oximes and
      hydroxamic acids, some of these being analogs of nicotinamide, were tested as
      antiteratogens. The 3-(CO-NH2), or -(CO-NHOH), substituted pyridinic compounds
      (nicotinamide, nicotinohydroxamic acid) prevent perfectly dicrotophos-induced
      beak and legs malformations, in tertiary amine form, but very little in
      quaternary amine form (methyliodide). The 4-substituted pyridinic compound
      (isonicotinohydroxamic acid) and aliphatic oxo-oximes were quite ineffecient
      against these malformations. The vertebral malformations, as a rule, were not
      lessened by the compounds tested, except for isonicotinoyl-formaldoxime methyl
      iodide and in some degree for nicotinohydroxamic acid. From these observations,
      it results that teratogenesis induced by compounds as dicrotophos is rule by a
      plurificatorial determinism. The beak and legs malformations are prevented by
      analogs of nicotinamide. In the contrary, the vertebral malformations induced by
      parathion or dicrotophos are nicotinamide unsensitive and are only prevented by
      powerful cholinesterase reactivators as pralidoxime or TMB4 (MEINIEL, 1976 b) but
      are reduced little or not at all by less potent cholinesterase reactivators
      (HEATH).

PMID- 161494
TI  - Surface fixation method applied for the detection of antigen-antibody reactions
      in mixtures of sera of mothers and children with Down's syndrome.
AB  - An attempt has been made to use the rapid surface fixation method for the
      investigation of immunological reactions in mixtures of sera from mothers and
      their mongoloid children. This preliminary report has been encouraging since all
      positive reactions were properly controlled with the serum of patients suffering
      from various clinical conditions but free of Down's syndrome. A water soluble
      substance was isolated from the urine of patients which produced positive
      reactions like those performed with the serum of mongoloid children.

PMID- 161495
TI  - [Papillon-Lefevre syndrome and recurrent infections].
AB  - Seven cases of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome are described, 4 children and their
      mother with two other relatives on the mother's side. An immune defect was
      suspected because six of the seven had a history of severe pyogenic infections,
      but the results of the tests were not the same in the three individuals tested.
      In one patient no immune defect was detected but in the other two the response of
      lymphocytes to candida and to streptokinase and streptodornase was reduced.

PMID- 161496
TI  - [Risk and fear. Apropos of interviews concerning prenatal diagnosis].

PMID- 161497
TI  - Circulation of pathogenic staphylococci phage types during the last 23 years in
      Romania.

PMID- 161498
TI  - [Analysis of elastic rigidity of the left ventricle at the chamber level and the
      myocardium level].

PMID- 161499
TI  - Occurrence of a muscle spindle in the anterior digastric muscle of a monkey
      (Macaca fascicularis).

PMID- 161500
TI  - Comparison of the effects of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and
      dichloromethylene diphosphonate upon periodontal bone resorption in rice rats
      (Oryzomys palustris).

PMID- 161501
TI  - Dentistry for the underprivileged: Seminar in conjunction with the New South
      Wales Health Commission.

PMID- 161502
TI  - An uncommon case of onychomycosis due to Microsporum canis.

PMID- 161503
TI  - The independent living centre.

PMID- 161504
TI  - [Indications and prerequisits of prescribing motorized vehicles for the
      handicapped].

PMID- 161505
TI  - Linkage, chromosomal association, and expression of Adh-1 and Pgm-2 in tomato.
AB  - The linkage relationship and chromosomal association of two genes in tomato
      coding for the respiratory enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase
      are reported. Also included is a description of where in the life cycle of the
      plant these genes are expressed. The finding that in pollen and germinating seeds
      most if not all of the detected activity of these two enzymes apparently arises
      from these genes suggests that the two isozymes might function in the same
      respiratory pathway.

PMID- 161506
TI  - Genetic and cytogenetic studies of four glycolytic enzymes in Drosophila
      melanogaster: aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, and
      phosphoglucomutase.
AB  - Four glycolytic enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster have been genetically and/or
      cytogenetically mapped. The structural gene for aldolase (Ald) has been
      genetically mapped to 3-91.5 and cytogenetically localized to 97A-B. Tpi, the
      structural gene for triosephosphate isomerase, has been genetically mapped to 3
      101.3 and cytogenetically localized to 99B-E. Utilizing closer-flanking markers
      than the previous mapping, Pgk, the structural gene for 3-phosphoglycerate
      kinase, has been mapped to 2-5.9; cytogenetically it was found to lie in the
      interval between 22D and 23E3. The cytogenetic locataion of Pgm, the structural
      gene for phosphoglucomutase which has been located genetically at 3-43.4, was
      determined to be in 72D1-5.

PMID- 161507
TI  - A new fluorogenic substrate for plasmin.
AB  - A new fluorogenic peptide substrate for plasmin, 7-(N-succinoylalanylphenylalanyl
      lysylamido)-4-methylcoumarin trifluoroacetate salt, was prepared that can be used
      in a simple and direct assay. The results obtained by the assay method are linear
      over a wide range of enzyme concentrations and sensitive enough to detect as
      little as 10(-5) CTA units of plasmin. By making use of the inhibitor Trasylol
      and the differences in kinetic constants, plasmin can be specifically assayed
      even in the presence of the plasminogen activator thrombin, as well as in culture
      fluids from HeLa cells.

PMID- 161508
TI  - Structure of heparan sulphate oligosaccharides and their degradation by exo
      enzymes.
AB  - Oligosaccharides obtained from heparan sulphate by nitrous acid degradation were
      shown to be degraded sequentially by beta-D-glucuronidase or alpha-L-iduronidase
      followed by alpha D-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Structural analysis of the
      tetrasaccharide fraction showed the following. (1) N-Acetylglucosamine is
      preceded by a non-sulphated uronic acid residue that can be either D-glucuronic
      of L-iduronic acid, but followed by a glucuronic acid residue. (2) The N
      acetylglucosamine in the major fraction is sulphated. (3) Very few if any of the
      uronic acid residues are sulphated (4). The results indicate that the area of the
      heparan sulphate chain where disaccharides containing N-acetylglucosamine and N
      sulphated glucosamine residues alternate is higher in sulphate content than
      expected and that the sulphate groups are mainly located on the hexosamine units.

PMID- 161509
TI  - Dissociation and reassociation of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin.
AB  - Whereas dissociation of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chains occurs at an
      increased temperature (25 degrees) and in the absence of divalent cations,
      reassociation of the myosin oligomer requires a low temperature (4 degrees C) and
      the presence of divalent cations, thus resulting in the original light to heavy
      chain stoichiometry. With a 5-10 per cent release of alkali light chains, LC1 and
      LC3, and a 50 per cent dissociation of the Ca2+ binding light chain, LC2, there
      is no significant decrease in myosin ATPase activity irrespective of the cation
      activator, however, there is an approximate 15-20 per cent decrease in actomyosin
      ATPase activity. With reassociation of the myosin oligomer, actomyosin ATPase
      activity is partially restored as well as the original number of Ca2+ binding
      sites.

PMID- 161510
TI  - Differential toxicities of mercury to bacteria and bacteriophages in sea and in
      lake water.
AB  - Mixtures of anionic HgCl3-/HgCl4(2)-complexes were less toxic to terrestrial
      bacteria (Erwinia herbicola, Agrobacterium tumefaciens), to marine bacteria
      (Acinetobacter sp., Aeromonas sp.), and to bacteriophages (phi 11 M 15 of
      Staphylococcus aureus and P1 of Escherichia coli) than were equivalent
      concentrations of Hg as cationic Hg2+. The toxicity of 1 ppm Hg to A.
      tumefaciens. Aeromonas sp., and phi 11 M 15 was less in seawater than in lake
      water. Inasmuch as the Hg-Cl species are formed in environments of high chloride
      concentration, it was postulated that the lower toxicity of Hg in seawater was a
      result of the formation of HgCl3-/HgCl4(2)-complexes.

PMID- 161511
TI  - Immune alterations in patients with Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 161512
TI  - [A letter on the 75th birthday of Dr. F. Patocky].

PMID- 161513
TI  - [Specific and nonspecific induction of resistance to Listeria infection and
      hypersensitivity to Listeria factor Ei (author's transl)].

PMID- 161514
TI  - [Specific antibodies in the nasal secretum of children with RS viral affection of
      lower respiratory pathways (author's transl)].

PMID- 161515
TI  - [Typization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by means of pyocins (pyocinogenotypie)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161516
TI  - [A comparison of some lipid components of the Mycobacterium kansasii strains
      isolated from patients and sources of supply water (author's transl)].

PMID- 161517
TI  - [A micromodification of the method for observation of phagocytosis of non
      antigenic particles in vitro (author's transl)].

PMID- 161519
TI  - [Serratia marcescens (author's transl)].

PMID- 161518
TI  - [A study in combined effect of amnioglycosides and clindamycin in vitro (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161520
TI  - Medicinal chemical studies on antiplasmin drugs. V. 4
      Aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid derivatives having a methyl group at C2 or
      C3.

PMID- 161521
TI  - Effects of oxytocin on beating properties, myosin ATPase activity and
      macromolecular synthesis of rat myocardial cells in culture.

PMID- 161522
TI  - Guinea worm disease: epidemiology, control, and treatment.
AB  - Guinea worm infection is one of the most easily prevented parasitic diseases, but
      it is nevertheless a common cause of disability in rural areas of Africa, south
      west Asia, and India. Infection occurs when drinking water is infested with
      infected Cyclops, a microcrustacean. Worms up to 70-80 cm in length develop in
      the subcutaneous tissues of the feet or legs and larvae are liberated to renew
      the cycle when an infected individual steps into a well or pond from which others
      draw drinking water. Infection is markedly seasonal because of (a) the influence
      of the climate on the types of water source used and (b) the developmental cycle
      of the parasite. The disability may be economically very important if the period
      of infection coincides with busy periods in the agricultural year. Sieving water
      through a cloth is sufficient to remove the Cyclops, but on a public health scale
      improved water supplies are required for control. Once the cycle of reinfection
      can be broken in any district the disease disappears. Chemical treatment of water
      bodies with temephos is also an effective and safe way of controlling
      transmission. Treatment consists of rolling out each emerging worm onto a small
      stick, a few centimetres each day, and certain drugs reduce the pain and pruritus
      and enable the worm to be removed more quickly.

PMID- 161524
TI  - The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: a new approach.

PMID- 161523
TI  - Effects of the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate in Thai
      women with liver fluke infestation: final results.

PMID- 161525
TI  - [Side-effects and toxic effects of gold salts].

PMID- 161526
TI  - Induction of tumor-immune responses and their interaction with the developing
      tumor.

PMID- 161527
TI  - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte membrane components: an analysis of structures related to
      function.

PMID- 161528
TI  - The cornea in normal condition and in Groenouw's macular dystrophy.

PMID- 161529
TI  - Dermatological aspects of so called vinyl chloride monomer disease.
AB  - The pathological findings revealed in 30 subjects with so called vinyl chloride
      disease has been presented. The most often observed symptoms were: changes in
      histopathological picture of the skin, history of the symptoms of Raynaud's
      phenomenon, positive results of functional proofs (pletysmography, vibration
      perception test, cooling test), and scleroderma like skin lesions. Acroosteolysis
      was found only in 3 cases, thrombocytopenia only in one. The constellation of
      singns may be related to the high level of exposure of examined persons. The
      authors point to the significance of dermatological methods of investigation for
      detection of morbid changes induced by VCM action.

PMID- 161530
TI  - Occupational dermatitis among health service workers.
AB  - Health service workers in the number of 152 suffering of dermatitis were
      examined. They included 43 physicians, 25 stomatologists, 59 nurses, 14 hospital
      wards and 12 other persons working in hospitals, clinics and pharmacies. In
      physicians occupational contact dermatitis occured in ten patients, exclusively
      among those performing operations, most frequently surgeons and ginecologists.
      Rubber gloves (5 patients) disinfectants and chromic catgut were the sensitizing
      objects. Moreover, a woman gynecologist positive to nickel observed that also the
      use of a speculum exacerbated her lesions. A laryngologist with seborrhoic
      dermatitis, strongly positive to formaldehyde, had exacerbations when using-
      during surgery--a microscope disinfected with formalin solution. Allergic
      occupational contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 12 stomatologists; they were
      positive to eugenol, mercury, novocaine or formaldehyde. Among 24 nurses with
      allergic occupational contact dermatitis, those positive to antibiotics
      (specially to semisynthetic penicillins) or to disinfectants (most of them to
      formaldehyde) were most numerous. Some nurses were sensitive to such drugs as
      Propranolol, Aminophyllinum or chlorpromazine hydrochloride. To the latter drug
      also a ward attendant was positive.

PMID- 161531
TI  - [Vitiligo from p-tert. butylphenol; a contribution to the problem of the internal
      manifestations of this occupational disease].
AB  - 10 worker suffering from occupational vitiligo due to p-tert. butyl phenol have
      been observed in an Austrian resin factory. The dust concentration and its
      content of p-tert. butyl phenol in the working area were measured. On the basis
      of these results preventive measures were taken to reduce the exposure of the
      workers to p-test butyl phenol. In the presented cases an involvement of internal
      organs--as described by Rodermund et al. (1975)--could not be observed.

PMID- 161532
TI  - [Correlation among external indices of myocardial contractility estimated by the
      echocardiography in coronary artery disease and dilatative cardiopathic subjects
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161533
TI  - [Study of left ventricular function with quantitative angiocardiographic
      methods].

PMID- 161534
TI  - [The left ventricle in chronic renal failure patients. Ecocardiographic and
      poligraphic study before and after hemodialysis (author's transl)].
AB  - Echocardiographic and systolic time intervals changes found after hemodyalisis in
      16 patients with chronic renal failure are analysed and discussed. Echocardiogram
      shows: significant (p less than 0.05), no change statistically significant of end
      systolic diameter, fractional shortening, mean velocity of circumferential
      shortening (VcF), and amplitude of septal motion. Systolic time intervals show:
      significant reduction (p less than 0.001) of total electromechanical systole
      (SEM), mechanical systole (SM) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and
      increase (p less than 0.05) of pre-ejection period (PEP) and the ratio PEP/LVET
      (p less than 0.005). The reason of these changes is the post-dialytic fluid's
      loss (2140 +/- 760 g) followed by left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and
      volume reduction which decreases stoke volume and LVET (according to Frank
      Starling's law). It has not been possible to draw concordant and definitive
      conclusions on the post-dialytic left ventricular function. PEP lengthening would
      give evident for myocardial involvement (but pre-load and after-load changes
      modifies it), while the other data are slightly affected (VcF, fractional
      shortening, and amplitude of septal motion) or improved (amplitude and peak
      velocity of posterior wall motion).

PMID- 161535
TI  - Peritoneoscopy examination following abdominal operations.

PMID- 161536
TI  - Laparoscopic removal of the distal catheter of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (Ames
      valve).

PMID- 161537
TI  - Aplastic anemia: evidence of immuno-pathomechanisms and successful treatment with
      absorbed ATG.

PMID- 161538
TI  - Interpretations of culture data in aplastic anemia: evidence for a suppressor
      cell involvement.

PMID- 161539
TI  - [Pathology due to immuno-complexes in hematology (author's transl)].

PMID- 161541
TI  - [Desmoid tumors of the abdominal wall].

PMID- 161540
TI  - [Cytochemistry of plasma cells (author's transl)].

PMID- 161543
TI  - Histochemistry of tissue reaction in the heart of cattle experimentally infected
      with Cysticercus bovis.

PMID- 161542
TI  - [Effect of digestive tract hormones on gastric mucosa with special regard to its
      electrical potential regulation. 1. Effect of glucagon on human gastric mucosa
      (changes in electric potential, ultrastructural and histochemical studies)].

PMID- 161544
TI  - Histochemistry of gland cells of Eurytrema pancreaticum cercariae.
AB  - The cercariae of Eurytrema pancreaticum (Janson, 1889) possess four types of
      gland cells - proper cystogenic, penetration, ventral and dorsal gland cells. The
      secretion of ventral and dorsal gland cells is released into the tegument. The
      proper cystogenic gland cells are the largest and their contents serve for the
      formation of the cyst wall of metacercariae in the second intermediate host. The
      secretion of proper cystogenic gland cells contains besides neutral
      mucosubstances also acid mucosubstances with both carboxyl- and sulphogroups
      digestible with beta-glucuronidase. The secretion of penetration gland cells
      contains neutral mucosubstances and proteins with tyrosine, tryptophan and SS
      groups. The ventral gland cells contain mostly acid mucosubstances with
      sulphogroups, which are digested with beta-glucuronidase, and proteins with
      tyrosine, tryptophan and SH groups. The rudimentary dorsal gland cells contain a
      small amount of acid mucosubstances. The whole tegument of cercariae and the two
      main collecting canals of the excretory system exhibit a high alkaline
      phosphatase activity. The nerve ring and the main nerve truncs contain proteins
      with SH groups and hydrophilic lipids and exhibit a cholinesterase activity. The
      suckers contain a larger amount of glycogen.

PMID- 161545
TI  - [Pharmacological studies on experimental nephritic rats (6). Antinephritic
      effects of sodium chondroitin sulfate and other drugs on modified type of
      Masugi's nephritis].
AB  - Using the modified model of Masugi's nephritis in rats, the antinephritic effects
      of sodium chondroitin sulfate (CS) and other drugs were evaluated by determining
      the biochemical parameters in urine, serum and renal cortex as well as light
      microscopic observation in kidneys by preventive and curative tests. In the
      preventive test where drug treatment was initiated at the same time as the
      injection of anti-kidney serum, CS (200 mg/kg p.o.) was effective in reducing
      serum triglyceride level, but was ineffective against other parameters. In the
      curative test where drug treatment was given from the 10th day after the
      induction of nephritis, CS (200 mg/kg p.o.) resulted in reductions of urinary
      excretions of protein and enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta
      glucosaminidase, the inhibition of urinary fibrinolytic activity and reduction in
      levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Moreover, histological examination
      indicated a significant reduction of the index of glomerular lesions by the
      treatment of this drug. Of other drugs, dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg p.o.) was
      effective in both tests, while warfarin potassium (0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg p.o.)
      exerted a beneficial effect only in the preventive test. From these results, the
      effectiveness of CS in the curative test is probably due to promotion of healing
      of damaged tissue in the kidneys.

PMID- 161546
TI  - [Immunopharmacological study of buckwheat hypersensitivity III. Effect of
      dialysate-conjugated T cell mitogen on IgE formation (author's transl)].
AB  - It has already been reported that dialysate (BWD) separated from the aqueous
      extract of buckwheat is a haptenic substance capable of neutralizing specific IgE
      antibody both on mast cells and on B cells in some species. The present work
      represents a study carried out to determine the effect of BWD conjugated with T
      cell mitogen such as phyothemagglutinin-P (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) on IgE
      formation in mice. Anti-buckwheat IgE formation was little affected by the
      pretreatment of these conjugates given i.v. 3 days before the immunization, but
      was effectively suppressed by the pretreatment of BWD-PHA or BWD-Con A given i.p.
      together with incomplete Freund's adjuvant 2 weeks before the immunization. BWD
      PHA induced a more potent suppression of IgE formation as compared with BWD-Con
      A, Con A or PHA. The transfer of T cells obtained from spleen cells primed with
      BWD-PHA, which responded with buckwheat and exerted a slight helper function for
      adoptive anti-DNP IgE formation to DNP-buckwheat, suppressed anti-buckwheat IgE
      formation in recipients with no effect on the anti-KLH IgE response. Our findings
      suggest that suppressor T cells specific to buckwheat are induced in spleen cells
      of mice treated with BWD-PHA.

PMID- 161548
TI  - Studies on copper toxicity in Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 161547
TI  - A catheter flow probe for measurement of left ventricular source parameters.

PMID- 161549
TI  - Solubilization of a cell surface ATPase from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.

PMID- 161550
TI  - Therapeutic value of zinc in acne.

PMID- 161551
TI  - Assessment of new compounds for antiprogestational activity.

PMID- 161552
TI  - Regional myocyte size in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Regional differences in cell size in the hearts of rats with and without cardiac
      hypertrophy were studied using isolated muscle cells. Isolated cardiac myocytes
      were prepared from left ventricular free wall inner and outer halves and the
      right ventricle of six male 12-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar
      Kyoto (WKY) and Fischer-344 rats. In SHR, blood pressure was increased to 188 +/-
      4 (SEM) mm Hg versus 143 +/- 2 and 133 +/- 10 for WKY and Fischer rats,
      respectively (p less than 0.001). Total heart weight was increased to 1103 +/- 29
      mg in SHR compared to 824 +/- 21 in WKY and 951 +/- 23 in Fischer rats (p less
      than 0.001. Isolated cardiac myocytes were prepared by perfusion of isolated
      hearts with Ca++ free Hanks' solution containing EGTA followed by collagenase
      containing media. Mean length, width and volume of 150 cells stained with
      hematoxylin and eosin from each site were measured with a sonic digitizer. Two
      nuclei were present in 85 to 87% of isolated cells from all strains and regions.
      There was no difference among strains in right ventricular cell length, width, or
      volume, nor between left ventricular inner and outer halves within each strain.
      Left ventricular cells were larger than right ventricular cells (p less than
      0.05) in all strains. Left ventricular cells of SHR were larger than left
      ventricular cells of WKY of Fischer rats in proportion to the increase in total
      heart weight, indicating that cardiac enlargement in SHR is due to increased cell
      size rather than increased cell number.

PMID- 161553
TI  - Cardiovascular hypertrophy and "waterlogging" in coarctation hypertension. Role
      of sympathoadrenergic influences and pressure.

PMID- 161555
TI  - Cloxacillin induced skin rash in newborn.

PMID- 161554
TI  - Association of blood groups with essential and secondary hypertension. A possible
      association of the MNS system.
AB  - Persons participating in a 5-day diagnostic protocol were routinely typed for
      ABO, Rh, MNS, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, P, Haptoglobin, phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM-1),
      and acid phosphatase (AcP). The study population was composed of 164 normotensive
      whites, 34 normotensive blacks, 161 whites and 43 blacks with essential
      hypertension, and 52 whites with secondary forms of hypertension (18
      atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives, 17 patients with fibromuscular
      disease, and 17 patients with primary aldosteronism). There were no significant
      differences in phenotype frequencies in ABO, Rh, Kidd, Kell, Duffy, P,
      Haptoglobin, PGM-1 or AcP in any of the comparisons. However, there was a
      significantly different distribution of MNS phenotypes in comparisons of
      essential and atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives with normotensive
      controls. Essential hypertensives had a lower frequency of the S gene and a
      higher frequency of s in whites (X2 = 12.21, p less than 0.005). Atherosclerotic
      renovascular hypertensives differed from the normotensive population in the
      frequencies of both MN (X 2 = 4.34, p less than 0.05) and Ss (X2 = 4.21, p less
      than 0.05). The finding of disease-blood group associations supports the
      hypothesis that there may be significant physiological differences between
      individuals of different blood types.

PMID- 161556
TI  - Live versus tape-recorded assessments of hypnotic responsiveness in pain-control
      patients.

PMID- 161557
TI  - Ecological aspects concerning the rehabilitation of handicapped persons.
AB  - When drawing up demand-oriented plans and establishing a network of
      rehabilitation facilities covering all areas, it is advisable to make an
      ecological analysis of the area to be served. Such an analysis should take into
      account the natural physical and socio-geographical conditions as well as basic
      data relating to the population living in a particular area and its movement. A
      further step is the topographical determination of available data on chronic
      diseases and handicaps in the individual discernable areas; besides the various
      statistical data, one should investigate also the degree of severity and the care
      required by the individual forms of diseases or handicaps. These factors largely
      influence the needs in the fields of medical, educational, vocational and social
      rehabilitation for in-patient or out-patient facilities and the personnel
      requirements in the form of specialist staff. When performing such calculations,
      it is often necessary to find a compromise between the various alternatives in
      accordance with the corresponding, existing socio-political and national health
      system. On the basis of such data, it is possible to formulate a concrete single
      plan together with already functioning institutions; such a plan could take its
      lead from a model concept. Of assistance, in this case, would be an
      epidemiological assessment which , in a longitudinal section of time, can
      transform itself into interventionist research and improvement of the
      deficiencies thereby ascertained. Consideration should also be paid to allowing
      future actions to be accompanied by scientific measures.

PMID- 161558
TI  - Healing of the operative fascial defect after repair of huge midline hernias with
      the reverse sheath method.
AB  - An experiment was carried out to ascertain the fate of the bared muscle following
      the repair of huge midline hernias with the "reverse sheath" method. Thirty-five
      patients have undergone operation by this method over the past five years, with
      excellent results. Experimental stripping of abdominal fascia was done on 35
      rats. The bare rectus muscle was examined 1, 3, 5, 8 and 11 months after the
      operation. No regeneration of fascia was seen. The missing fascia was replaced by
      scar tissue. The results are important with regard to the support of the
      abdominal wall after repair of midline abdominal hernia by the above-mentioned
      method.

PMID- 161559
TI  - Occasional topic. "The child is father of the man".

PMID- 161560
TI  - [Neonatal thrombocyte values in children with Down's syndrome and other autosome
      trisomies].
AB  - Platelet counts were determined in 70 neonates with trisomy-21, 10 neonates with
      trisomy-18 and 6 neonates with trisomy-13 during the first days of life. 60% of
      all infants with trisomy-aberrations were found to have thrombocytopenia.
      Platelet counts in Down's syndrome averaged 104600 (SD 53000; median 90500; 10-
      and 90-percentile at 45000 and 175000) per microliter. A correlation with other
      hematological features of trisomy-21 was examined. There was no significant
      correlation between platelet counts and hemoglobin concentration. Similarly the
      difference in platelet counts between trisomy-neonates with and without
      polycythemia was statistically not significant. In contrast, 27 normal neonates
      with polycythemia showed significantly higher platelet counts (mean = 13400) than
      their trisomy-counterparts (mean = 98900; P = 0.01). In addition, there was no
      correlation, in trisomy infants, between either erythroblastosis or low birth
      weight and platelet count. These findings point to defective hematopoiesis as a
      primary cause of thrombocytopenia in trisomy-infants.

PMID- 161562
TI  - Unmasking of right ventricular hypertrophy by right atrial intracavity
      electrocardiography.

PMID- 161563
TI  - [Laparoscopic treatment of stenoses and phimosis of the ampulla of the tube. A
      critical study of the results (author's transl)].
AB  - By analysing a series that initially started with 160 cases it is possible to
      compare the results of trying to cure infundibular stenoses, which means
      agglutinations and phimosis of the ampulla using the laparoscope or open
      laparotomy. It would appear that these lesions should be strictly classified and
      this classification should be based on careful laparoscopic investigation of the
      infundibulum and on hydrotubation testing. It is then found that these are not
      good cases for endoscopic surgical treatment. The results are poor whether looked
      at from the level of fertility that is finally achieved as well as the
      morphological improvement in the conditions and they are far worse than those
      following conventional surgery. Therefore it is necessary to conclude that
      laparotomy is always preferable for a cure of these cases. The only indication
      for laparoscopic surgery is infundibular stenosis which occurs afterterminal
      tubal plastic surgery which is by itself not a rare happening.

PMID- 161561
TI  - Allometric radial growth in muscle, comparing fibres with strong and with weak
      adenosine triphosphatase activity.
AB  - A large flock of male and female white turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) was reared
      for 22 weeks after hatching. At two weeks intervals small groups of birds were
      removed from the flock and killed. Samples of sartorius muscles were taken from
      the bird nearest the mean weight for its group. Transverse frozen sections were
      tested for ATPase activity by calcium method at pH 9.4. Fibres were separated
      into two categories (strong-ATPase and weak-ATPase) and their mean minimum
      diameters were measured with a micrometer scale in the microscope eyepiece. Mean
      minimum diameters of different fibre types were compared using the logarithmic
      form of Huxley's allometric growth equation. Weak-ATPase fibres grew at a
      relatively faster rate than strong-ATPase fibres in both males and females (k =
      1.12, P less than 0.01 and k = 1.14, P less than 0.01 respectively). Transition
      of muscle fibres from one histochemical type to another was not detected, so that
      differences in the rate of increase of mean diameters of different fibre types
      were attributed to allometric radial growth. The possibility that transitional
      fibres might make some contribution cannot, however, be totally ignored.

PMID- 161564
TI  - [Prevention of recurring adhesions after tuboplasties. I--Interest of early
      laparoscopy, 8 days after surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - Laparoscopy was performed 8 days after tuboplasty in 80 cases. In 32 cases, new
      fresh adhesions were swept out with a rod on the 8th day. These adhesions were
      important in 13 cases (16,2 p. 100). This treatment seems to be efficient.

PMID- 161565
TI  - The developmentally disabled and hospital dental care.

PMID- 161566
TI  - Enterobactin and virulence of Escherichia coli in pyelonephritis.

PMID- 161568
TI  - A point of discrimination--Public Law 94-142.

PMID- 161567
TI  - [A case of giant abdominal wall abscess due to non-spore forming anaerobic
      bacteria (author's transl)].

PMID- 161569
TI  - Evidence of branching of intrafusal muscle fibers.

PMID- 161570
TI  - An improved means of enzyme typing of hair roots using isoelectric focusing.
AB  - An improved method of grouping hair, based on the alleles of PGM observed by
      isoelectric focusing, has been described. The increased discriminating power of
      this system (0.77) compared to that obtained by the starch gel technique (0.55)
      provides a new and more sensitive means of typing hair.

PMID- 161571
TI  - Discussion of "spermatozoa in the anal canal and rectum and in the oral cavity of
      female rape victims".

PMID- 161572
TI  - Complementation analysis of eleven tryptophanase mutations in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Nine independent mutants deficient in tryptophanase activity were isolated. Each
      mutation was transferred to a specialized transducing phage that carries the
      tryptophanase region of the Escherichia coli chromosome. The nine phages thus
      produced, and a tenth carrying a previously characterized tryptophanase mutation,
      were used to lysogenize a bacterial strain harbouring a mutation in the
      tryptophanase structural gene and also a suppressor of polarity. In no case was
      complementation observed; we conclude that there is no closely linked positive
      regulatory gene for tryptophanase.

PMID- 161573
TI  - [Pericentric inversions: studies in 47 cases].
AB  - The authors report 47 cases of pericentric inversion. Eleven of them involve the
      chromosomes No. 2, 11 and 9. It appears that the risk of malformations and/or
      encephalopathy is obviously increased either by "position effect", aneusomie de
      recombinaison" or "interchromosomal effect". Prenatal diagnosis is therefore
      indicated. Thirty six cases involve the secondary constriction of chromosome No.
      9. In such cases the risk is not enough increased to justify the prenatal
      diagnosis.

PMID- 161574
TI  - The lymphoproliferative response during human experimental gingivitis.

PMID- 161575
TI  - Leucocyte response in the gingival crevice of the diabetic rat.

PMID- 161576
TI  - Histopathogenesis of spontaneous periodontal disease in conventional rats. I.
      Histometric and histologic study.

PMID- 161577
TI  - Histopathogenesis of spontaneous periodontal disease in conventional rats. II.
      Ultrastructural features of the inflamed subepithelial connective tissue.

PMID- 161578
TI  - Collagen phagocytosis by stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro.

PMID- 161579
TI  - Preliminary observations on the inhibitory effect of tetracycline on alveolar
      bone loss in beagle dogs.

PMID- 161580
TI  - Alkyl-bisbiguanides as in vitro inhibitors of bacterial growth and dental plaque
      formation.

PMID- 161581
TI  - Experimental periodontitis induced in rats by streptococcal cell wall fragments.

PMID- 161582
TI  - Inflammatory cells extracted from chronically inflamed gingiva.

PMID- 161583
TI  - The migration of 111Indium-labelled polymorphonuclear leucocytes into the oral
      cavity in the rhesus monkey.

PMID- 161584
TI  - Improvements of in vitro cell-material adhesion measurements.

PMID- 161585
TI  - Adhesive properties of periodontal dressings--an in vitro study.

PMID- 161586
TI  - The complementary structure of the superficial and deep surfaces of the cells of
      the stratum corneum of the hard palate in the rat. A scanning and transmission
      electron microscope study.

PMID- 161587
TI  - Sialic acid concentration in the attached gingival tissue of rats related to age
      and sex.

PMID- 161588
TI  - Alveolar crest height and alveolar bone density in experimental osteopenia.

PMID- 161589
TI  - The metabolism of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in inflamed human gingiva.

PMID- 161590
TI  - Periodontal repair after reduction of inflammation.

PMID- 161591
TI  - The natural history of periodontal disease in man. Changes in gingival health and
      oral hygiene before 40 years of age.

PMID- 161592
TI  - Trisomy 21 with translocation t(3p-;21q+).

PMID- 161593
TI  - Heat-sensitive lambda repressors retain partial activity during bacteriophage
      induction.
AB  - At 43 degrees C, lambda cIts prophages are "induced" and enter the lytic cycle.
      Lac- lysogens containing heat-inducible lambda N- prophages were superinfected
      with a lambda trp/lac N+cI- phage containing a lacZ+ gene whose expression is
      controlled by the lambda cI product (repressor). Lysogens were then heated, and
      the synthesis of beta-galactosidase and release of progeny phage were measured.
      In lambda N- cIts2 or lambda N-cIts16 lysogens superinfected with lambda trp/lac
      N+, beta-galactosidase appeared earlier and was synthesized more rapidly than in
      superinfected lysogens containing lambda N- cIts857 prophage. Even at 45 degrees
      C, the cI857 repressor retained some activity. Lysogens containing other N-cIts
      mutant prophages producing renaturable repressors were also only partially
      derepressed at 43 degrees C. Partial derepression of lambda "early" transcription
      is sufficient for induction of lambda N+ prophages.

PMID- 161594
TI  - Accelerated immune complex nephritis due to mesangial overloading in spontaneous
      hypertensive (SHR) rats.
AB  - Immune complex nephritis induced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) was superimposed upon spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR rats)
      which were pretreated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA accumulated predominantly
      in the mesangium, and the superimposed nephritis developed more accelerated
      glomerular damage with marked capillary deposition of immune complexes than
      control animals which were not pretreated with PVA.

PMID- 161595
TI  - Changes in connective tissue components in ulcer tissue during the healing
      process of acetic acid ulcer in rats.
AB  - In order to elucidate the role of connective tissue components on the repair of
      ulcerated regions, quantitative changes in chemical components in ulcer tissue
      during the healing process were investigated in acetic acid-induced ulcer in
      rats. The ulcer index showed a peak on the 5th day after the operation, declined
      rapidly and maintained a slight level the 15th to the 60th days, without a
      complete recovery. In ulcer tissue, sialic acid and hexosamine remarkably
      increased in the early stages of healing, showing a peak on the 5th day. The
      patterns of time course of changes in both components ran almost parallel with
      those in the ulcer index. Uronic acid maintained slightly higher levels than
      normal levels the 5th to the 60th days. Hydroxyproline continued to increase with
      the time course from the 25th day. When acid mucopolysaccharides in ulcer tissue
      were isolated into various fractions, there were increases in hyaluronic acid on
      the 5th day, in chondroitin sulfate A and chondroitin sulfate C on the 30th day
      and chondroitin sulfate B on the 60th day, respectively. Significance of changes
      in these components in the healing process is discussed.

PMID- 161596
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of cetraxate [4'-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl trans
      4-aminomethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride], a new anti-ulcer agent.
AB  - To elucidate mechanisms involved in the anti-ulcer action of cetraxate, the
      effects of this agent on the ulcer index (UI), fibrinolytic activity (FA) and
      contents of several connective tissue components in ulcer tissue were examined
      using aspirin- and acetic acid ulcers in rats. In aspirin ulcer, cetraxate (100
      and 300 mg/kg p.o.), like tranexamic acid (500 mg/kg p.o.), epsilon-aminocaproic
      acid (500 mg/kg p.o.) and gefarnate (200 mg/kg p.o.), inhibited both the UI and
      FA. However, aluminum sucrose sulfate (1000 mg/kg p.o.) was effective only
      against the UI and L-glutamine (500 mg/kg p.o.) failed to inhibit both
      parameters. In acetic acid ulcer, following oral, daily X either 5 or 8
      administrations, cetraxate (200 and 300 mg/kg), gefarnate (200 mg/kg), aluminum
      sucrose sulfate (1000 mg/kg) and L-glutamine (500 mg/kg) were effective on both
      the UI and FA. Tranexamic acid (500 mg/kg) and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (500
      mg/kg) were ineffective on the UI, although both agents inhibited FA. In acetic
      acid ulcer, cetraxate induced increases in hexosamine and uronic acid, that is,
      acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS), especially chondroitin sulfate A and -C, whereas
      L-glutamine and aluminum sucrose sulfate resulted in increases in hexosamine and
      sialic acid, that is, glycoproteins. From these results, cetraxate may mainly
      accelerate the ulcer healing by increasing AMPS in ulcer tissue. Moreover, the
      local anti-FA property of this agent may be also beneficial in treating bleeding
      ulcers.

PMID- 161597
TI  - [Complications in laparoscopy].

PMID- 161598
TI  - Perceived distinctiveness of the handicapped.

PMID- 161599
TI  - New approaches to modelling the disabled human operator.

PMID- 161600
TI  - Oscillating wheelchair seat for prevention of decubitus ulcers.

PMID- 161601
TI  - [The role of GABA neurons in some neurological and psychiatric disorders
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161602
TI  - Nutritional assessment of children with handicapping conditions.

PMID- 161603
TI  - Pediatric training in developmental disabilities.

PMID- 161604
TI  - In vitro packaging of lambda and cosmid DNA.

PMID- 161605
TI  - Hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides.

PMID- 161606
TI  - In situ immunoassays for translation products.

PMID- 161607
TI  - A judicial view of traumatic neurosis.

PMID- 161609
TI  - The rabbit immune system: characterization of cell surface markers and functional
      properties of rabbit lymphocytes.

PMID- 161610
TI  - [Teaching toothbrushing to the institutionalized mentally retarded].

PMID- 161611
TI  - [Fibrinolytic activity of the renal glomerulus. Preliminary results of a
      histochemical study of plasminogen activity in 44 renal biopsies].

PMID- 161612
TI  - Nursing assessment of a patient with low back pain.

PMID- 161613
TI  - [Andrei Andreevich Zor'kin].

PMID- 161614
TI  - [Mina Evgen'evna Raiskina].

PMID- 161608
TI  - Nonenteric toxins of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 161616
TI  - [Igor' Andreevich Piontkovskii].

PMID- 161615
TI  - [Vladimir Aleksandrovich Iusin].

PMID- 161617
TI  - Bruxism and periodontal disease: a critical review.

PMID- 161618
TI  - [Aspects of environmental health and of pathology caused by pollution with
      amoxicillin in a pharmaceutical industry].

PMID- 161619
TI  - [Occupational dermatitis in physicians].

PMID- 161620
TI  - [Contact allergens found in Poland and their sources].

PMID- 161621
TI  - [Hansch analysis of the inhibitory action of 3- and 4-substituted benzamidines on
      thrombin, plasmin and trypsin (author's transl)].
AB  - Using Hansch formalism, the suthors studied quantitatively the relationship
      between the structure and the inhibitory action of 3- and 4-substituted
      amidinophenyl derivatives on thrombin, plasmin and trypsin. It was found that the
      inhibitory action on all three enzymes depends in the same way from the
      hydrophobic and electronic properties of the substituents and from an additional
      term in case of substituents with X-CO-Y structure. The predictive value of the
      equations is satisfactory.

PMID- 161622
TI  - [Free-Wilson analysis of the inhibitory effect of 4-substituted benzamidines on
      thrombin, plasmin and trypsin (author's transl)].
AB  - Using the Fujita-Ban model, the authors studied the quantitative structure
      inhibitory activity relationships of a series of 4-amidinophenyl compounds with
      regard to thrombin, plasmin and trypsin. A satisfactory specification of the
      inhibitory activities was obtained from activity increments of molecular
      segments.

PMID- 161623
TI  - The mechanism of inhibition on the endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cells by the cyanine dye diS-C3-(5).
AB  - The cyanine dye 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine iodide [diS-C3(5)] was
      found to be a potent inhibitor of endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cells. This effect is believed to involve both rotenone and uncoupler type
      actions of the dye on the electron transport system of the mitochondria.

PMID- 161624
TI  - [Plasmocytic tumors of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts (considerations
      on 4 clinical cases)].

PMID- 161626
TI  - [Clinical and therapeutic observations on 2 cases of laryngeal chondromas].

PMID- 161625
TI  - [Changes in some oxidoreducing enzyme activities in tumors and peritumoral
      tissues. I].

PMID- 161627
TI  - [Some problems in vocal retraining of laryngectomized patients].

PMID- 161628
TI  - [Functional dysphonias in the framework of occupational diseases].

PMID- 161629
TI  - [Bipolar cauterization in current otorhinolaryngologic practice].

PMID- 161630
TI  - [Otic myiasis. Clinical and parasitological considerations].

PMID- 161631
TI  - [Establishment of otorhinolaryngology as a medical specialty in Romania].

PMID- 161632
TI  - [Problems concerning mucoceles. II. Clinico-radiologic and evolutive aspects].

PMID- 161633
TI  - [Clinical and evolutive characteristics of eosinophilic granuloma of mastoid
      localization].

PMID- 161634
TI  - [The possibility of walking in the paralysed of the lower limbs (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors have studied the possibility of walking after rehabilitation and
      bracing in the paralysed of the lower limbs, it is variable with aetiological
      factors and age of patients. In children, walking after bracing is almost always
      indicated-it should be discussed case after case in adults. The authors analyse
      the role of different types of braces such as pneumatic braces and orthoptic
      systems using electrical stimulation. Some views on the future are exposed.

PMID- 161636
TI  - [A study of the potential corrosion of the madreporic prostheses compared with
      plane surface prostheses (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have studied several methods of obtaining self-locking of hip
      prostheses without cement. They have selected a particular type of prosthesis
      with a "madreporic" surface and have studied the potential danger or corrosion in
      such types of prosthesis as compared with prostheses with a plane surface. They
      have demonstrated that, in madreporic types, the surface of the prosthesis is
      multiplied less than four times and that this is not dangerous provided that the
      metal alloy is of good quality. The methods of calculation of the surface area
      are described as well as experiments for testing for corrosion. These methods can
      be applied to other types of prosthesis.

PMID- 161635
TI  - [The influence of direct electric current on bone formation (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have studied the effects of a 20 microampere current applied to bone
      in rabbits and dogs. The results have been analysed according to the age of
      animal, whether mature or immature, and the nature of the electrode (whether
      steel or platinum). They found no different in the osteogenesis produced in the
      medullary canal which was constant. The authors further studied the effects of
      currents on osteotomies of the radius in dogs which generally led to non-union in
      the absence of electrical currents. They failed to demonstrate any stimulation of
      bone repair by the current. They conclude that bone formation in the medullary
      canal of intact bones and the repair of fractures are two different processes.

PMID- 161637
TI  - [Is treatment of C.D.H. by progressive reduction by traction still advisable?
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors analyse the results that they have obtained in the treatment of
      C.D.H. either by conservative or surgical methods. The prevention of
      osteochondritis remains the main worry. However traction leads to long-lasting
      immobilization and sometimes it is not sufficient. The authors think that
      osteochondritis may be related to hyper-pressure on the femoral head or to
      lesions of the vascular pedicle and that in some cases shortening of the femur or
      tenotomies may allow a decrease of the plaster cast period. The indications on
      capculotomy, rotation osteotomy, salter osteotomy are discussed. It is concluded
      that the periods of traction and plaster cast immobilization should be lessened
      as much as possible.

PMID- 161638
TI  - [Treatment of fractures of the femoral neck by primary femoral prosthesis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have reviewed 230 case of fractures of the femoral neck treated by
      primary femoral prosthesis. The mortality was 12,6 p. 100 during the first three
      post operative months, and 16,5 p. 100 after three additional months. The
      infection rate was 13,9 p. 100, 4,7 p. 100 of the cases being severely infected.
      The postero lateral approach was more favourable than the antero-lateral
      approach. Late results were studied on 142 cases. The average follow-up was 4
      years. The clinical results were closely dependent on the radiological
      appearance. When the prosthesis progressively penetrated into the femoral
      medullary canal incapacitating pain was always present. It is concluded that the
      use of cement may improve the results in a number of cases.

PMID- 161639
TI  - [Fractures of the neck of the femur in children (author's transl)].

PMID- 161640
TI  - [Bone metastasis simulating a chondrosarcoma (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report three cases of bone tumours, two in the scapula and one in the
      pelvis, which simulated chondrosarcoma on radiological examination. After biopsy
      it was concluded that they were metastases secondary to carcinoma of the bladder
      in one case and of unknown origin in the other two.

PMID- 161641
TI  - [Synovial cyst associated with idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161642
TI  - [2d meeting of the Research and Study Group in Orthopedic Surgery, Arc et Senans,
      20-22 April 1979. Abstracts].

PMID- 161643
TI  - [Mammomonogamiasis in zebus in the central African empire].

PMID- 161645
TI  - [Value of the study of immune complexes in clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 161644
TI  - Injuries produced by shattering annealed glass.
AB  - Attention is drawn to the significant number of accidents related to plate
      (annealed) glass, and the relative paucity of information available on the
      subject. Four cases of life-threatening injuries secondary to accidents involving
      annealed glass are described and illustrated. It is suggested that the use of one
      of the types of safety glass already available should be made mandatory
      universally, but particularly in those locations defined as 'risk areas' by the
      British Standards Code of Practice (CP 152) on glazing in the construction
      industry.

PMID- 161646
TI  - [Studies on the isolation and biological properties of enterotoxic Staphylococci
      A and B].

PMID- 161647
TI  - [Various fibrinolytic and coagulation characteristics of the blood plasma after
      contact with N-amyl alcohol].

PMID- 161648
TI  - Interaction of acid glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) with hydroxyapatite.
AB  - Selected acidic glycosaminoglycans (GAG) have been used as a model series to
      study some binding properties of hydroxyapatite. The order of binding was
      heparin, heparin sulfate, dermatan sulfage/chondroitin-4-sulfate/chondroitin-6
      sulfate (all similar) and hyaluronic acid, indicating that the negative charge on
      the molecules is a major determinant in the binding process. Both calcium and
      saliva pretreatment led to an increase in uptake of selected GAG whereas fluoride
      even at 1 and 3 parts/106 levels led to a graded reduction in uptake. The
      clinical significance of these findings may be related to the presence of certain
      GAG in the dental integuments and to the interaction of a chemically defined
      group of compounds at a specific solid surface. Such findings may also have an
      application in studies on endogenous mineralization. The results are in accord
      with the generally held view that polyanions may interact electrostatically with
      calcium sites present in the crystal lattice of the hydroxyapatite.

PMID- 161649
TI  - The effect of zolimidine, imidazopyridine-derivate, on the duodenal ulcer
      healing.
AB  - Zolimidine, a derivate of imidazopyridine, has a gastroprotective effect.
      Encouraged by the good results with zolimidine therapy in the literature we
      initiated a clinical study of zolimidine in duodenal ulcer healing.

PMID- 161650
TI  - Dissociation of the humoral and cell-mediated responses to alloantigens in mice
      by sublethal whole-body irradiation.
AB  - Spleen cells from mice exposed to 500 rad sublethal whole-body irradiation before
      immunization with 100 x 10(6) allogeneic spleen cells exhibited an enhanced
      cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. In contrast, this treatment completely
      abrogated the humoral alloantibody response, as measured by complement-mediated
      lysis. In addition to the observed dissociation between primary humoral and cell
      mediated responses, the character of the in vitro secondary CTL response of
      spleen cells obtained from mice sublethally irradiated before alloimmunization
      was also modified. Although these spleen cells were perfectly capable of mounting
      a secondary response upon restimulation in vitro with intact allogeneic spleen
      cells, they were no longer capable of responding to subcellular alloantigen
      preparations. These results suggest that the cellular requirements for the
      induction of secondary CTL responses in vitro depend upon the nature of the
      antigen used for restimulation.

PMID- 161651
TI  - Induction of suppressor activity on B-cell differentiation in human T-cell subset
      without fc(IgG) receptors by levamisole administration.
AB  - A single oral dose of 150 mg levamisole was administered to five healthy adults.
      Circulating Fc(IgG) receptor-bearing T cells (T gamma cells) increased for 5 days
      after levamisole intake, but total E rosette-forming cells showed no significant
      alterations. The generation of immunoglobulin-producing cells in the peripheral
      blood lymphocytes (PBL), which was induced in the in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM)
      stimulated cultures, was significantly suppressed for 5 days after levamisole
      administration. Suppressor T-cell activity on B-cell differentiation, which was
      induced by levamisole intake, was evaluated by co-culturing with allogeneic
      untreated adult PBL in the PWM system in six other volunteers. A seemingly dose
      dependent suppression on B-cell differentiation was exerted by T cells isolated
      on day 3 of levamisole treatment, but not by T cells differentiation was exerted
      by T cells isolated on day 3 of levamisole treatment, but not by T cells which
      were isolated before or on day 14 of the experiment. When T cells were
      fractionated into two subsets with regard to the presence or absence of Fc(IgG)
      receptors, suppressor T-cell activity appeared to be generated by levamisole
      largely in T cells lacking Fc(IgG) receptors, but not in T gamma cells.

PMID- 161652
TI  - Aortic valve replacement. A randomized study comparing the Bjork-Shiley and
      Lillehei-Kaster disc valves. Late haemodynamics related to clinical results.
AB  - In this study, 78 randomized patients with either Bjork-Shiley (B-S) or Lillehei
      Kaster (L-K) aortic disc valve prostheses were re-admitted for clinical and
      haemodynamic evaluation. The patients were selected that those with narrow aortic
      roots were over-represented. Cine-aortography was carried out in 75 patients and
      left ventricular catheterisation via the transseptal approach was performed in
      42. The clinical improvement was striking, although the number of patients still
      incapacitated was relatively large in patients with the small L-K valves (Nos. 14
      & 16). Peak-to-peak and mean systolic pressure differences across the valves were
      significantly lower in the B-S than in the L-K valves, particularly when the
      small valve sizes were compared. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),
      which was elevated in most patients before operation, decreased significantly to
      normal levels in the B-S group. In the L-K group, LVEDP did not decrease
      significantly and was on the average still above the normal level after
      operation, probably due to the relatively large pressure gradients. The study
      indicates that the L-K valves Nos. 14 & 16 in particular represents a resistance
      to flow that is too large to be acceptable in clinical practice.

PMID- 161653
TI  - [Synopsis of endodontia in deciduous dentition].

PMID- 161654
TI  - Studies of reticuloendothelial system function in immune complex disease.

PMID- 161656
TI  - [The medical measures (author's transl)].

PMID- 161655
TI  - [Legal provisions].

PMID- 161657
TI  - [Orthopaedic appliances (author's transl)].

PMID- 161658
TI  - [The medical report and its significance for according measures by the insurance
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161659
TI  - [The commissions of the Disability Insurance of the cantons, their secretary and
      its medical service (author's transl)].

PMID- 161660
TI  - [The services of vocational rehabilitation (author's transl)].

PMID- 161661
TI  - [The benefits of the Disability Insurance for the handicapped in paediatrics
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161662
TI  - [The measures of the invalid insurance in the field of pediatric surgery
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161663
TI  - [The measures of the invalid insurance in the field of ORL (author's transl)].

PMID- 161664
TI  - [Disability Insurance and psychiatry (author's transl)].

PMID- 161665
TI  - [Financing of Disability Insurance benefits (author's transl)].

PMID- 161666
TI  - [Jurisdiction and administrative procedure in the invalid insurance (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161667
TI  - Comparison of the new miniature Wright peak flow meter with the standard Wright
      peak flow meter.
AB  - Preproduction and current models of the miniature Wright peak flow meter have
      been compared with the standard Wright peak flow meter on normal and abnormal
      subjects. Early problems in production appear to have been overcome, and the
      current model agrees to within 3% with the standard peak flow meter, which is as
      close as the agreement between two standard instruments. The new mini-meter may
      be enclosed in a case, making direct comparisons with other instruments possible.

PMID- 161668
TI  - Fibrin suspension as a substrate fop plasmin: determination and kinetics.
AB  - Fibrin polymers formed from fibrinogen with thrombin in the presence of EDTA were
      suspended in a medium containing glucose, arabic gum and imidazole-HCl buffer and
      were sonicated at 20 kHz for 20 min to make a suspension containing fibrin
      particles of small size. The fibrin suspension was used as a substrate of plasmin
      for determining the enzymic activity of plasmin and plasminogen activated with
      urokinase. The kinetic study on the reaction of the fibrin particles with plasmin
      in the presence and the absence of fibrinogen revealed that Km value of fibrin
      for plasmin is 4.2 x 10(-7) M and the Ki value of fibrinogen is 1.2 x 10(-5) M.

PMID- 161669
TI  - The interaction between heparin and plasmin on amidolysis.
AB  - The effect of the interaction between heparin and plasmin not only on
      fibrinolytic, caseinolytic and esterolytic activities but also on amidolytic
      activity, since plasmin has amidolytic or amidase activity, was investigated.
      Following were the results obtained from these investigations: 1. Heparin
      enhanced amidolytic activity of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by
      activating plasminogen with urokinase within the range from 2 to 64 units/ml of
      the final concentration of heparin. 2. Heparin also enhanced amidolytic activity
      of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by converting plasminogen with
      insolubilized urokinase. 3. Heparin did not enhance or inhibit fibrinolytic,
      caseinolytic and esterolytic activities of a fixed level of plasmin which was
      prepared by activating plasminogen with urokinase, in the fibrinolytic activity
      within the range from 0.032 to 125 units/ml, in the caseinolytic activity within
      the range from 0.0125 to 100 units/ml, and in the esterolytic activity within the
      range from 0.016 to 128 units/ml, of the final concentration of heparin
      respectively.

PMID- 161670
TI  - Lipomatous hypertrophy of interatrial septum presenting as recurring pericardial
      effusion and mistaken for constrictive pericarditis.
AB  - A case of interatrial septal lipoma, presenting as recurrent pericardial effusion
      with signs of constrictive pericarditis, was described. The tumor was removed
      successfully. The case demonstrated that the difficulties in the differential
      diagnosis between right atrial tumor and any other cardiac disease still exist.
      Because of its extreme rarity, the interatrial septal lipoma is rarely considered
      in the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 161672
TI  - [Evaluation of dermatological disability in occupational medicine: a hypothesis].

PMID- 161671
TI  - Internal sterilization using the Falope ring.

PMID- 161674
TI  - [Characteristics of animal hygiene and management in a hot climate].

PMID- 161673
TI  - [Control mechanism of the antiviral immune response - role of cellular immunity].

PMID- 161675
TI  - [Eradication of pasteurellosis from aquatic birds on farms].

PMID- 161676
TI  - [Determination of phosphofructokinase activity in sperm].

PMID- 161677
TI  - Linkage relationship of C2 deficiency, HLA and glyoxalase I loci.
AB  - Immunogenetic analysis of a homozygous C2-deficient individual and family members
      demonstrated linkage of HLA-A25, B18 and C2o. HLA-D typing showed that 5 members
      typed with homozygous Dw2 typing cells from an individual with C2 deficiency but
      not with Dw2 typing cells from 2 individuals with normal C2. The homozygous C2
      deficient propositus and brother were HLA-A and B homozygous but heterozygous at
      the HLA-D and glyoxalase I loci. Therefore, in this family, the C2o gene is
      linked with two distinct haplotypes: HLA-A25, B18, Dw2, GLO1 and HLA-A25, B18, D
      unknown, GL02. These results could be explained by an ancestral recombinant
      event, which occurred between the C2o locus and HLA-D locus in which C2o
      segregated with HLA-B. This would suggest that the locus for the C2o gene maps
      between HLA-B and HLA-D on the sixth chromosome.

PMID- 161678
TI  - The pre-school developmentally disabled child in the Caribbean.

PMID- 161679
TI  - [Effect of the detergent Metaupon on replication of various phages].
AB  - As several other surfactants do, the detergent Metaupon acts on the
      multiplication of bacteriophages. We investigated the influence of Metaupon on
      the phages phi and lambda, the cyanophage LPP-1, and the RNA-phages f 2, M 12,
      and Q beta by means of the agar diffusion test, pour plate test, adsorption test,
      and one-step growth test. The action of Metaupon on the free phages was also
      tested. Metaupon inhibits the formation of plaques by the phages with exception
      of lambda. With the phages f 2 and M 12 the substance increases the amount of
      plaques depending on concentration. The main mode of action of Metaupon was found
      to be the inhibition of the adsorption of the phages to the host cells. Only in
      the case of phi 105 free phages were inactivated.

PMID- 161680
TI  - [Current status of supplying the handicapped with self-help devices].

PMID- 161681
TI  - [Laparoscopy in chronic gallbladder diseases].
AB  - The laparoscopy is the only riskless possibility of directly inspecting the gall
      bladder, to ascertain the diagnosis of a chronic cholecystitis, further to
      consider the indications to internal or surgical measures. For the judgment the
      form of the gall-bladder, the behaviour of its wall with different colouring,
      oedema and furthermore its behaviour to neighbouring organs are of decisive
      evidence. In a disease of the bile-ducts the laparoscopy allows to prove or to
      exclude a participation of the liver. For the judgment of the activity of a
      disease of the gall-bladder should, however, always be used clinical and
      radiological findings, the microbiological investigation of the A-, B-, and C
      bile and the testing of the reflex of the gall-bladder. This is necessary with
      regard to the therapy.

PMID- 161682
TI  - [Therapy of bromoderma tuberosum with furosemide].

PMID- 161683
TI  - [Partial atrial standstill with sick-sinus-syndrome accompanying a case of
      cardiomyopathy (author's transl)].
AB  - In a patient with cardiomyopathy of unknown etiology and clinical manifestation
      of SSS (sick-sinus syndrome) the electro-physiological examination and the
      registration of pressure curves indicated a mechanical and electrical partial
      standstill of both atria. Some electro-physiologically interesting phenomena
      found during the His-catheterization are described.

PMID- 161685
TI  - Ultrasound in the study of peripheral blood circulation.

PMID- 161684
TI  - [Coronary vessel anomaly: fistula between the right coronary artery and the left
      ventricle clinically presenting as aortic valve insufficiency (author's transl)].
AB  - Under more than 200 cases of coronary vessel anomalies only 33 are fistulas from
      the right or left coronary artery into the left ventricle. The case presented
      here of a fistula from the right coronary artery into the left ventricle featured
      the clinical picture of an aortic valve insufficiency. The histologic findings
      support the theory that these fistulas are embryological anomalies: transient
      communications between the ventricular trabeculas and the coronary vessels may be
      lined with endothelium and become then persisting as fistulas.

PMID- 161686
TI  - Relation of occupational stress to the age at onset of Huntington's disease.
AB  - Two hypotheses were tested to determine whether occupational stress was related
      to the age at onset of Huntington's disease. Using case material drawn from four
      kindreds in southern Norway, occupations of affected persons were graded into
      three categories according to their degree of physical stress. Adjusting for the
      effects of related factors, grade of stress was found to be a significant
      contributor to the variation in onset age. Minor and severe stress were
      associated with earlier onset ages than moderate stress; the difference between
      minor and moderate grades was 9 years. The results are interpreted as conforming
      to the psychosocial concept of Levi, whereby both under- and overstimulation of
      sensory functions are more stressful and more potent precipitants of illness than
      intermediate levels of stimulation.

PMID- 161687
TI  - Changes in the contractile material of human skeletal muscle following tendinous
      injury.
AB  - The most marked changes in the human muscle following tendinous injury can be
      observed in the contractile components. There is a widening of the Z-membrane,
      dispersion of the sarcomers, a break in their continuity, and detached bundles of
      myofibrils are found in the sarcoplasm. A change occurs also in the proportion of
      different fibre types of the muscles, in the muscle with tendinous injury a
      predominance of type II fibre becoming apparent. Among the proteins of myofibrils
      a product of disintegration of a molecular weight of 31 000 can be consequently
      demonstrated, and in some muscles products of disintegration with a molecular
      weight between 90 000 and 58,000 arise.

PMID- 161688
TI  - Fibre types in human abdominal muscles.
AB  - Histochemical muscle fibre composition was studied in biopsied from the four
      different muscles of the abdominal wall (rectus abdominis, RA, obliquus externus,
      OE, obliquus internus, OI, and transversus abdominis, Tr) in 13 normal human
      subjects (9 females and 4 males, age 24-55 years) undergoing gall-bladder
      surgery. Muscle fibres were classified as Type I, IIA, IIB or IIC on the basis of
      their myofibrillar ATPases' pH lability. There were large inter-individual
      variations in fibre composition, whereas, in general, the differences between the
      different muscles were minor or non-existent. Mean fibre distribution ranges were
      55-58% I, 15-23% 22A, 21-28% IIB, and 0-1% II C fibres. The least fibre diameters
      were similar for all types and muscles (range of means 50-54 micrometer) except
      for Tr in which the Type II fibres were smaller (mean 45 micrometer). There was a
      high correlation in the size of Type I vs. II fibres and Type IIA vs. IIB fibres
      in all layers. The oxidative potential (NADH-diaphorase staining intensity)
      appeared high in Type I fibres and low in Type II fibres, irrespective of
      subgroups. Thus, based on histochemical fibre composition, the different
      abdominal muscles appear to have a similar functional capacity. However,
      functional differences between individuals were indicated by the large inter
      individual variation in muscle fibre distribution.

PMID- 161689
TI  - Functional implications of the two-headed structure of myosin.
AB  - This review summarizes the results obtained by biochemical and physiological
      studies on the functional implications of the two-headed structure of the myosin
      molecule. Our nonidentical two-head hypothesis of myosin is supported by
      biochemical studies on myosin ATPase. The reaction mechanism of the Mg2+-ATPase
      reaction catalyzed by one head of the myosin molecule is shown to be different
      from that catalyzed by the other head, and the reaction intermediate, MPADP, is
      produced in head B but not in head A. Evidence for differences in the chemical
      structures of the two heads of myosin is also presented. The myosin preparation
      is shown to be a mixture of homodimers with respect to its g-chain composition,
      but every homodimer has the non-identical two heads, B and A. Furthermore, the
      molecular mechanism for acceleration of the Mg2+-ATPase reaction by F-actin and
      that for its control by Ca2+ ions and Mg2+-ATP are discussed, based on the
      nonidentical two-head hypothesis of the myosin molecule. It was shown that the
      formation and decomposition of the key intermediate, A(B)MPADP are required for
      tension development and shortening. One cycle of ATP hydrolysis by crossbridges
      synchronously initiated by a rapid stretch or a sudden release of a slow stretch,
      indicating that the probability of dissociation of a crossbridge by its
      interaction with ATP depends on its angular position. It is also demonstrated
      that rotation of the base of nucleoside triphosphate about the glycosyl bond is
      essential for formation of MPXDP from M2XTP, as well as for muscle contraction.
      Based on these biochemical and physiological studies on the movement of the
      myosin head in muscle contraction, a molecular mechanism for muscle contraction
      is proposed.

PMID- 161690
TI  - Dynamic cooperativity of molecular processes in active streaming, muscle
      contraction, and subcellular dynamics: the molecular mechanism of self
      organization at the subcellular level.
AB  - Life phenomena are a kind of ordered dynamics appearing in macroscopic systems,
      living systems. Schrodinger has proposed a molecular mechanism for the
      organization of life phenomena, i.e., 'order-from-order' mechanism where ordered
      dynamics are composed of molecular dynamics having order as the ordered dynamics
      of a watch is caused by orderly movements of its mechanical elements. However,
      neither evidence supporting the 'order-from-order' mechanism has been found in
      living systems nor the reason why molecular dynamics acquire order instead of
      disorder has been elucidated for more than 30 years. The latter is quite
      anomalous from the point of views of thermodynamics, which is based on disordered
      behaviors of molecules. In this paper, we verify from studies of a streaming
      system reconstituted from rabbit skeletal F-actin and HMM that one life
      phenomenon, active streaming, is caused by the 'order-from-order' mechanism. This
      is also the case for muscle contraction. Moreover, it is probable that this
      mechanism generally works at the subcellular level, not only in biological
      motilities but also in life phenomena at biomembranes. We also clarify that
      dynamic cooperativity among molecule gives rise to order in molecular dynamics.
      Hence, dynamic cooperativity is the key mechanism for life phenomena caused by
      the 'order-from-order' principle at the subcellular level. To produce dynamic
      cooperativity it is necessary for component molecules or elements to have three
      states, i.e., inactive (stable) state 0, energized or energy storing (quasi
      stable) state 1, and active (unstable) state 2. Each molecule performs elementary
      cycle 0 yields 1 yields 2 yields 0 repeatedly by using free energy at the
      molecular level. In a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium dynamic
      cooperativity is yielded in 2 yields 0 due to a kind of triggering action of
      neighboring elements and breaks thermodynamic detailed balance. In addition,
      dynamic cooperativity gives component molecules long-range interactions which
      depend on the structure of organelles or molecular assemblies. Dynamic
      cooperativity is able to decrease entropy production and will give a high
      efficiency in chemo-mechanical conversions. Great progress would be achieved in
      the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and thermodynamic principles of
      energy transformations in biological systems, if molecular dynamics during
      transformation could be directly observed. This is not only because physical
      changes accompanied by specific movements of macromolecules are essentially
      involved but also because such molecular movements play a substantial role in
      energy transformation. Entirely new ideas will be needed for this purpose
      although high voltage electron microscopy or X-ray diffraction, for instance, is
      now expected as to be one of the possible tools in the future. Fortunately even
      at present it is possible to obtain important information on molecular dynamics
      from biochemical and physiological data, if analyses are properly performed...

PMID- 161691
TI  - Treatment of low back pain with acupuncture.
AB  - Twenty patients with low back pain were selected for treatment with acupuncture.
      Four standard acupuncture loci and a standard regime were used. The results were
      analyzed after a follow-up of 12 months. Initially, 16 patients responded
      favorably to the treatment while 4 did not respond at all. The degree of cure was
      not uniform. Instead they varied from complete cure in 4 to varying degrees of
      alleviation of pain in the rest. Recurrence or acute exacerbation of symptoms
      occurred in 13 of the 20 patients. Acupuncture was given to 11 of these patients
      and the results of treatment similated the initial course of acupuncture.

PMID- 161692
TI  - Disc vascularity in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Ocular fundus photographs of 100 eyes were obtained from an institutionalized
      population of patients with Down's Syndrome (66 males, 34 females). The
      vascularity of the optic nerve head was assessed in each photograph by counting
      the number of arterioles, venules, and fine vessels crossing the disc margin. The
      results of this analysis were compared to similar data obtained from 100 ocular
      fundus photographs of normal patients and show that there are more large vessels
      crossing the disc margin in those with Down's Syndrome.

PMID- 161693
TI  - [Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the major salivary glands of the
      cow (author's transl)].

PMID- 161694
TI  - The fibrinolysin system and its relationship to disease in the newborn.
AB  - The fibrinolysin system is incomplete in newborn infants. Lack of serum
      plasminogen in premature newborn has an important role in the pathophysiology of
      the respiratory distress syndrome since alveolar fibrin deposits cannot be
      eliminated. Urokinase activated human plasmin has increased the survival rate of
      infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Plasminogen given I.V. at birth has
      reduced the incidence and the severity of respiratory distress syndrome, in a
      randomized double-blind study of 500 premature infants. Death in the plasminogen
      recipient group occurred only among infants born to mothers with bleeding
      complications of pregnancy. Plasmin inhibitors measured with a functional assay
      were the highest in this group of infants, serum plasminogen was the lowest; when
      activator and purified human plasminogen were added to the serum, fibrinolytic
      activity was elicited in excess of the plasminogen added. It is suggested that
      plasminogen and/or plasmin inhibitors may be abnormal fetal variants in infants
      born to mothers with bleeding complications.

PMID- 161695
TI  - An improved assay for nanomole amounts of inorganic phosphate.

PMID- 161696
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of an antibody to phi X 174 DNA.RNA hybrid.

PMID- 161697
TI  - [Excision, epiploplasty and graft for electrical burns of the abdominal wall.
      Apropos of a case].

PMID- 161698
TI  - Inhibitory properties of endogenous subunit epsilon in the Escherichia coli F1
      ATPase.

PMID- 161699
TI  - New visibility brings new risks and responsibilities to disabled Americans.

PMID- 161701
TI  - Factors affecting the stability of the resident dental plaque microflora of
      specific pathogen-free rats in relation to the ability to resist colonization by
      Streptococcus mutans.

PMID- 161700
TI  - Comparison of the effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, an
      immunosuppressive, a corticosteroid and an immunomodulator on various
      immunological and non-immunological inflammatory experimental models.
AB  - The effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, phenylbutazone, a
      corticosteroid, desonide, an immunosuppressive, cyclophosphamide and an
      immunomodulator, levamisole on a number of experimental inflammatory models were
      compared. Compounds were first tested in carrageenin-induced pleurisy as a non
      immune acute inflammation, then in passive skin anaphylaxis and reversed passive
      Arthus oedema in the rat as models of humoral immunity. Finally the compounds
      were investigated in various delayed hypersensitivity tests: reaction to sheep
      red cells and to oxazolone in the mouse, skin reaction to purified protein
      derivative (P.P.D.) in the rat and guinea-pig, P.P.D. induced pleurisy in the
      guinea-pig.

PMID- 161702
TI  - [Laparoscopic and radiological correlations in sterility of tubal origin].

PMID- 161703
TI  - Sterilization: a comparative review.
AB  - Publications relating to surgical procedures for sterilization have been
      reviewed, and the incidences of complications and subsequent pregnancies
      compared. Laparoscopic sterilization has the lowest incidence of complication,
      the morbidity rate being lower than that of laparotomy sterilization or
      hysterectomy, and the mortality rate lower than that of a single pregnancy or
      taking oral contraceptives for 1 year.

PMID- 161704
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of placental sulphatase deficiency.
AB  - A gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitation of neutral steroid sulphates
      in maternal urine and its application to a suspected case of placental sulphatase
      deficiency is described. Low levels of oestriol coincident with elevated 16
      hydroxylated metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone in the maternal urine are
      shown to occur in this particular condition, and thus provide a convenient
      differentiation from fetal adrenal hypoplasia before birth.

PMID- 161705
TI  - A case of cornual pregnancy.
AB  - A case of cornual pregnancy was uncertain at laparoscopy, made by ultrasound, and
      confirmed at laparotomy.

PMID- 161706
TI  - [Potassium-magnesium-D,L-aspartate as a positive homotropic effector in the
      regulation of phosphofructokinase].

PMID- 161707
TI  - [A new technic for the control of vampire bats: intramuscular inoculation of
      cattle with warfarin].

PMID- 161708
TI  - [Effect of drug consumption on oral tissues and organs].

PMID- 161709
TI  - [Evaluation of serological tests used for the study of Chagas' disease].

PMID- 161710
TI  - [Brucellosis in the personnel of a slaughterhouse of Caldas, Colombia].

PMID- 161711
TI  - [An apparent outbreak of rickettsial disease in Costa Rica, 1974].

PMID- 161712
TI  - [The health of children: challenge and responsibility].

PMID- 161713
TI  - [Health care for mothers and children].

PMID- 161714
TI  - [Non-fat milk in infant nutrition].

PMID- 161715
TI  - [The practical meaning of lactose intolerance in children].

PMID- 161716
TI  - [Children in their international year].

PMID- 161717
TI  - [Norms of perinatal care: proposal of a program of standard information for the
      management of perinatal prematurity].

PMID- 161718
TI  - [Technical discussions at the 20th Panamerican Health Conference. Repercussions
      of the cost of drugs on the cost of health: national and international problems].

PMID- 161719
TI  - [International programs for the control of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 161720
TI  - [Changes in the pathology of middle ear infections through primary medical care
      in a Mexican preindustrial community].

PMID- 161721
TI  - [Prevalence of tuberculosis among patients with respiratory symptoms who consult
      for the 1st time the health establishments of Risaralda, Colombia].

PMID- 161722
TI  - [Treatment of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia in Costa Rica].

PMID- 161723
TI  - State of white blood cells in peripheral blood after intraperitoneal injection of
      para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA).

PMID- 161725
TI  - Viral encephalitic pathogenesis of Huntington's chorea?

PMID- 161724
TI  - Rhythmic activity of some lysosomal hydrolases in the supernatant of liver
      homogenates from mice joined in parabiosis.

PMID- 161726
TI  - Properties of a brain-specific protein fraction which absorbs anti-neuronal
      antibodies in sera from patients with Huntington's disease.

PMID- 161727
TI  - [New technique of circulating immunocomplex estimation in human sera (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161729
TI  - [Production of urea during mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). Effect of
      presensitization by a skin allograft].
AB  - An increased production of urea has been demonstrated during mixed cultures
      between allograft donor and recipient leukocytes. This phenomenon may also be
      observed during primary MLC (i.e, without previous allograft) but to a lesser
      degree. This increased production of urea during MLC results from an increase of
      arginase activity in spleen cell population(s) resulting in an increased arginine
      transformation into urea and ornithine, as demonstrated by the release of an
      amount of ornithine equivalent to that of urea in the culture supernatant.

PMID- 161728
TI  - [Oocytes obtained by an aspiratory apparatus during laparascopy (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161730
TI  - Low back pain - assessment and management.

PMID- 161732
TI  - The role of the dental hygiene student in a team approach to the practice of
      pedodontics.

PMID- 161731
TI  - Does high potassium cardioplegic arrest protect hypertrophied hearts as well as
      normal hearts?

PMID- 161733
TI  - A team approach in the practice of periodontics.

PMID- 161734
TI  - Those minor problems in your office. With a few simple precautions, you can avoid
      any legal difficulties in treating children.

PMID- 161735
TI  - [Control of fear and pain in children].

PMID- 161736
TI  - [Efficient pedodontics].

PMID- 161738
TI  - [Dental health check-up for 18-month-old infants].

PMID- 161737
TI  - [Decision of vertical dimension and muscular sensation].

PMID- 161739
TI  - [Practice of dental health check-up for 18-month-old infants in Nagano
      prefecture].

PMID- 161740
TI  - [Significance of dental health check-up for 18-month-old infants].

PMID- 161741
TI  - [Establishing the practice of dental health check-up for 18-month-old infants].

PMID- 161742
TI  - [On prevention of caries involving deciduous teeth at the check-up for the 18
      month-old].

PMID- 161743
TI  - Dental health program for the institutionally mentally retarded.

PMID- 161744
TI  - Oral hygiene management of the moderate to severely mentally retarded child.

PMID- 161745
TI  - Don't let the way you sit get you down.

PMID- 161746
TI  - Report of a working group for the European Pharmacopoeia. Collaborative assay on
      human albumin of different origin.
AB  - A collaborative assay was conducted by 9 laboratories on 31 samples of human
      albumin which were in clinical use. It was the object of the study to establish
      test systems which would differentiate between albumins of venous or placental
      origin. The properties examined for this purpose were: appearance, total protein,
      haem, polymers, alkaline phosphatase and blood group substances. Additional tests
      such as for beta-thromboglobulin and citrate were included; pyrogenicity,
      however, was excluded because this was under study for all plasma proteins at
      that time. Results obtained were in satisfactory agreement both between
      laboratories and between samples. They, therefore, enabled the verification of a
      number of correlations in the test systems. The evaluation did not allow,
      however, the differentiation of the samples in relation to their origin. The
      results were, therefore, regarded as a tool to define the upper limits of
      acceptance for human albumins corresponding to the quality prescribed by the
      European Pharmacopoeia.

PMID- 161747
TI  - Intravenous conscious sedation: an alternative modality in the management of the
      cerebral palsy patient.

PMID- 161748
TI  - Structured case presentations: cornerstone to informed patients.

PMID- 161749
TI  - Isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive respiratory mutants of
      Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Filtration-enrichment and inositol-less death methods of mutant isolation,
      coupled with a screen for cyanide-insensitive respiration, proved to be highly
      efficient methods for isolating temperature-sensitive (ts) nuclear Neurospora
      mutants having defective respiration. Eighteen different ts respiratory mutants
      have been isolated. Most of them are pleiotropic and defective in one or more of
      the following phenotypes: cytochrome aa3, b, and c (individual or multiple
      defects); oligomycin inhibition of ATPase activity; respiration and its
      inhibition by KCN and salicyl hydroxamic acid; and growth rates in liquid and
      solid media at 25 degrees and 38 degrees. Among these mutants are the first
      cytochrome c mutant of Neurospora and an extranuclear ts ATPase mutant. An added
      bonus was the fact that over half of the mutants were affected either in ribosome
      assembly or in protein synthesis in the mitochondrion. We have yet to find any
      mutants completely lacking activities associated with the respiratory chain.
      However, the wide spectrum of mutants isolated here, along with those currently
      available, constitutes a considerable resource for investigating respiration in
      obligate aerobes.

PMID- 161750
TI  - Genetics of arginine biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - A large number of arginine-requiring mutants of Neurospora was isolated, using a
      strain already partially impaired in an enzyme of the pathway. Among the mutants,
      all previously described loci, except one, were represented, and several new loci
      were defined and mapped. Four groups of mutants were of particular interest.
      First, the large group of arg-6 mutants, when tested for intragenic
      complementation, suggested a bifunctional gene, possibly controlling two steps in
      ornithine synthesis. This is consistent with the limited enzymic information
      about this locus. Second, the arg-13 locus was represented by 14 new mutants. All
      five tested were quite leaky, suggesting that the function controlled by this
      gene can be carried out to a limited extent spontaneously or by another gene
      product. Third, a new locus, arg-14, was defined. It controls a step in ornithine
      syntheses. It lies in a 1 to 2 map-unit interval between arg-2 and pyr-3 on LG
      IVR, as shown by mapping in relation to translocation breakpoints. Fourth, a
      second new locus whose mutants render the partial mutation in starting material
      auxotrophic was defined and mapped near the centromere of LG VIL. These new
      mutants are unable to derepress enzymes of the pathway and may qualify as
      regulatory mutants.

PMID- 161751
TI  - Genetic control of phosphorus assimilation in Neurospora crassa: dose-dependent
      dominance and recessiveness in constitutive mutants.
AB  - Mutants called nuc-1c, constitutive for alkaline phosphatase synthesis, were
      isolated and mapped very close to nuc-1 mutants in which this enzyme is not
      expressed. nuc-1 is epistatic to nuc-1c. nuc-1c acts only if it is cis to normal
      nuc-1 function. The preparation of partial diploids heterozygous for various nuc
      1 alleles is described; nuc-1c is dominant to nuc-1+, which in turn is dominant
      to nuc-1. In heterocaryons with nuc-1+, nuc-1c is dominant when it is present in
      high proportion, but essentially recessive if it is present in low proportions.
      In heterocaryons with nuc-1, nuc-1c is again dominant when present in high
      proportions, but in low proportions it "complements" to give essentially normal
      repressibility. A model of regulation consistent with these findings is
      presented.

PMID- 161752
TI  - [Incidence of cardiovascular diseases among miners].

PMID- 161753
TI  - [Evaluation of motor activity in members of ice-breaker crews].

PMID- 161754
TI  - [Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Beliakov (on his 70th birthday)].

PMID- 161755
TI  - [Polychlorobiphenyl compound residues in the adipose tissue and human milk].

PMID- 161756
TI  - Elicitation of anti-leukemia cytotoxic responses.
AB  - We have presented the rationale for the in vitro approaches that we have taken
      for generating cytotoxic lymphocytes capable of lysing autologous leukemia cells
      or leukemia cells from HLA identical siblings. Two different approaches have been
      used, both of which are based on earlier findings concerning the antigenic and
      cellular interactions involved in the generation of strong cytotoxic responses to
      alloantigens in mixed leukocyte culture.

PMID- 161757
TI  - T cell function in myelogenous leukemia.

PMID- 161758
TI  - Impact of specific immunotherapy in acute myelocytic leukemia.
AB  - Our studies clearly show that significantly longer remission duration was
      attained in groups of AML patients immunized with neuraminidase treated
      allogeneic myeloblasts as compared to patients who received chemotherapy alone or
      neuraminidase treated myeloblasts plus MER. IT is clear that MER, albeit
      apparently active alone in certain other clinical studies impairs the
      immunotherapeutic value of neuraminidase treated allogeneic myeloblasts in AML
      patients. The in vivo and in vitro immunological tests results reflect the host's
      immunological status in each arm of the protocol and correlate well with the
      duration of remission achieved with specific vs. combination of specific plus
      adjuvant immunotherapy.

PMID- 161759
TI  - Pilot perceptual and physiological investigation of hypernasality in Down's
      syndrome adults.

PMID- 161760
TI  - Speech characteristics of fluent and dysfluent Down's syndrome adults.

PMID- 161761
TI  - [Study on mucopolysaccharides in human lung carcinoma tissue--characteristics in
      histological types (author's transl)].
AB  - The mucopolysaccharides were prepared from human lung carcinomas of three
      histologically different types and the control tissue by exhaustive proteolytic
      digestion, quaternary ammonium chloride fractionation and column chromatography
      on Dowex 1 (Cl-). They were identified by chemical, enzymic and electrophoretic
      methods, as hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (ChS), dermatan sulfate
      (DS), heparan sulfate (HS) and over-sulfated ChS and/or DS. Qualitatively they
      were not differed in tumor and normal tissues. However, the amounts of whole
      mucopolysaccharide were much increased in carcinomas than those of normal control
      in order of squamous cell carcinoma greater than small cell undifferentiated
      carcinoma greater than or equal to adenocarcinoma. The increment of
      mucopolysaccharide contents in carcinoma are largely due to increased amounts of
      HA and ChS. Carcinoma-type characteristic pattern was also demonstrated in terms
      of relative amounts of non-sulfated (HA) and sulfated (ChS, DS, HS)
      mucopolysaccharides: In squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma sulfated
      mucopolysaccharides were predominant (73 to 78% of total mucopolysaccharides),
      whereas in small cell undifferentiated carcinoma sulfated ones were diminished
      (25% of total mucopolysaccharides). In normal lung tissue sulfated
      mucopolysaccharide comprised 64% of total mucopolysaccharides. The presence of
      over-sulfated ChS and/or DS, which have not until now been found in lung tissue,
      was higher in carcinoma tissue as compared to the normal control. Total
      glycopeptides which were derived from tissue glycoproteins and not in detail
      characterized in this study were decreased in carcinomas of any histological
      types as compared to those of normal lung tissue, when expressed by hexosamine
      content. Biological and clinical significance of mucopolysaccharides in carcinoma
      state was discussed.

PMID- 161762
TI  - Prostatic phosphatases of the bat Taphozous longimanus Hardwicke.

PMID- 161764
TI  - Quantitation of zearalenone by gas-liquid chromatography on capillary glass
      columns.
AB  - A procedure is described for the quantitation of zearalenone from corn by gas
      liquid chromatography. An internal standard, zearalanone, is first mixed with the
      finely ground corn, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate, purification by
      thin-layer chromatography and formation of trimethyl silyl ether (TMS) and methyl
      oxime (MOX) derivatives. Positive identification of zearalenone is based upon the
      retention times of the TMS and MOX-TMS derivatives being identical with those of
      the standards, comparison of chromatograms from both derivatives and
      characteristic twin peaks of zearalenone MOX-TMS. The detection limit of 100
      parts per 10(9) zearalenone in corn could only be improved by modification of the
      described procedure.

PMID- 161763
TI  - Comparative studies on the fermentative production of nucleotides by wild type
      Neurospora crassa & an adenine auxotroph.

PMID- 161765
TI  - [Greater accessibility of dental care for children].

PMID- 161767
TI  - [A critical study on freeing peri-adnexial adhesions using the laparoscope
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161768
TI  - A hospital dental program: more than O.R. procedures.

PMID- 161766
TI  - [The evolution of the indications for laparoscopy between 1973 and 1977. 1,758
      cases (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to avoid the misuse of laparoscopy by an unnecessary increase in the
      indications for the procedure the authors have reviewed the evolution of these
      indications in the five years between 1973 and 1977. Certain indications have
      stayed stable, such as chronic pain in the pelvis, masses found in the pelvis,
      symptoms suggestive of upper genital tract infection or of ectopic pregnancy and
      tubal or unexplained sterility. Stability in these indications is correct because
      laparoscopy and laparoscopy alone can give a precise diagnosis of the lesion and
      complete the clinical findings and the other methods of investigation. There are
      two indications which have become less frequent and these are: ovarian sterility
      and amenorrhoea. This is logical since more reliance has come to be placed on
      biological methods. Laparoscopy should be reserved in these conditions for cases
      where are contradictions between biological findings or where there are
      therapeutic failures. An increase in the indications which is very justified is
      in those laparoscopies which are carried out as a control of the results of tubal
      surgery, because there a prognosis can be given and therapy can be carried out
      (such as division of adhesions) and in cases of malignant tumours of the ovary
      which, although the procedure will give less precise information than laparotomy,
      has the advantage that it can be repeated from time to time.

PMID- 161769
TI  - Bandwagons also go to funerals. Unmailed letter 4.

PMID- 161770
TI  - [Djamchid Aalam (1905-1979)].

PMID- 161771
TI  - [Pierre Robin syndrome. Therapeutic indications. Douglas Routledge technic].

PMID- 161772
TI  - [Historical research on the discovery of sinus diseases. The 19th century. 2:
      Inflammatory sinus diseases].

PMID- 161773
TI  - [Acute aspirin poisoning and deafness. Apropos of 10 cases].

PMID- 161774
TI  - [Neonatal septal dislocations].

PMID- 161775
TI  - [The stapedial reflex].

PMID- 161776
TI  - A dental chair design for pediatric dentistry.

PMID- 161777
TI  - Studies of host responses during experimental gingivitis in humans. II. Changes
      in acute phase reactants, serum immunoglobulins and complement during the
      development of gingival inflammation.

PMID- 161778
TI  - Evidence suggesting the presence of antigen-antibody complexes on the surface of
      salivary leukocytes.

PMID- 161779
TI  - The response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to chemotactic stimulation for
      smokers and non-smokers.

PMID- 161780
TI  - The effect of divalent cation chelators and magnesium on activation of the
      alternative complement pathway by Fusobacterium polymorphum (nucleatum).

PMID- 161781
TI  - An in vitro study of factors affecting the development of staining associated
      with the use of chlorhexidine.

PMID- 161782
TI  - An in vitro study of the role of dietary factors in the aetiology of tooth
      staining associated with the use of chlorhexidine.

PMID- 161783
TI  - An in vivo study of dietary factors in the aetiology of tooth staining associated
      with the use of chlorhexidine.

PMID- 161784
TI  - Longitudinal therapeutic effects on the periodontal attachment level and
      pocketdepth in beagle dogs. I. Clinical findings.

PMID- 161785
TI  - Effects of repeated scaling and root planing and/or controlled oral hygiene on
      the periodontal attachment level and pocketdepth in beagle dogs. I. Clinical
      findings.

PMID- 161786
TI  - Oral hygiene status of dental students as related to their personal and academic
      profiles.

PMID- 161787
TI  - A theoretical consideration of the periodontal membrane as a collagenous
      thixotropic system and its relationship to tooth eruption.

PMID- 161788
TI  - Five trypanosomatid species of insects distinguished by isoenzymes.
AB  - Blastocrithidia culicis, Crithidia deanei, Crithidia fasciculata, Herpetomonas
      samuelpessoai, Leptomonas seymouri and Leishmania tarentolae grown in cultures
      were compared by electrophoretic mobility for isoenzymes in 6 enzymes. All
      species were found distinct in these characteristics. Endosymbiotic C. deanei,
      which was identical to the aposymbiotic C. deanei in 5 enzymes, had an extra band
      in aspartate aminotransferase. No differences in isoenzymes were found between
      members of one species maintained in 2 different culture media.

PMID- 161789
TI  - [Interactions with the families of Down's syndrome infants].

PMID- 161790
TI  - The utilization of private practitioners in a public program of incremental
      dental care for children.

PMID- 161791
TI  - Polypeptide subunits of dynein 1 from sea urchin sperm flagella.
AB  - A high-resolution sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      system has been used to show the presence, in both whole sperm and isolated
      flagellar axonemes, of eight polypeptides migrating in the 300,000--350,000
      molecular weight range characteristic of the heavy chains of dynein ATPase.
      Previously, only five such chains have been discernible. Extraction of isolated
      axonemes for 10 min at 4 degrees C with a solution containing 0.6 M NaCl, ph 7,
      releases a mixture of particles that separate, in sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation, into a major peak, dynein 1 ATPase, sedimenting at 21S and a
      minor peak at 12--14S. The polypeptide compositions of these two peaks are
      different. The dynein 1 peak, which contains most of the protein on the gradient,
      contains approximately equal quantities of two closely migrating heavy chains,
      with a small amount of a third, more slowly migrating chain; no other heavy
      chains appear in this peak. Two groups of smaller polypeptides (three
      intermediate chains, within the apparent molecular weight range 76,000--122,000
      and four newly discovered light chains, within the apparent molecular weight
      range 14,000--24,000) cosediment with the 21S peak. The heavy chain composition
      of the 12--14S peak is more complex, all eight heavy chains occurring
      approximately the same ratios as occur in intact axonemes.

PMID- 161792
TI  - Effect of thiourea and substituted thioureas on dynein ATPase and on the
      turbidity response of Tetrahymena cilia.
AB  - The effects of thiourea and of several substituted thioureas -- phenylthiourea,
      alpha-naphtylthiourea, metiamide, and burimamide -- on dynein ATPase have been
      studied. The substituted thioureas are over 30 times more potent than thiourea in
      causing enhancement of 30S dynein ATPase activity and inhibition of 14S dynein
      ATPase activity. The effects of thiourea and phenylthiourea can be prevented by
      very low concentrations of beta-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol. Axonemal
      ATPase is also enhanced by the thioureas, but the reaction proceeds more slowly
      than for solubilized 30S dynein. Enhancement of 30S dynein ATPase by metiamide is
      prevented by low (approximately 1 microM) concentrations of ATP and, less
      effectively, by AMP-PNP, but not by AMP-PCP even though the latter is a stronger
      inhibitor of 30S dynein ATPase than is AMP-PNP. The thioureas inhibit the ATP
      induced decrease in turbidity (measured as delta A350) of axonemal suspensions.
      Inhibition of the turbidity response is also prevented by low concentrations of
      beta-mercaptoethanol, but, in contrast to the irreversible enhancement of ATPase
      activity, inhibition of the turbidity response is largely reversible. The ability
      of 30S dynein to rebind onto twice-extracted axonemes is not changed by treatment
      with phenylthiourea or metiamide. These observations indicate that the thioureas
      react with at least two sets of SH or S--S groups on axonemes. Reaction with the
      group(s) on the 30S dynein causes an apparently irreversible enhancement of
      ATPase activity. Reaction with another group(s) causes a reversible inhibition of
      the turbidity response.

PMID- 161793
TI  - On the use and interpretation of cross-correlations measurements in the mammalian
      central nervous system.

PMID- 161794
TI  - The aching back.

PMID- 161795
TI  - [Hepatotoxic effect of 2 anovulatory steroids, mestranol and norethisterone
      acetate in the rat].

PMID- 161796
TI  - [Usefulness of questionnaires in detection of early symptoms of sciatica and
      related pain syndromes of the lumbosacral region and determination of their
      incidence among workers of textile industry].
AB  - The study was aimed at the determination of sciatica case rate among cotton
      industry workers based on inquiry. Two questionnaires for detecting complaints
      typical of sciatica were developed. 2463 weavers and 3083 spinners were examined.
      A comparative group involved 978 shop attendants and 593 office workers. It was
      found out that pains characteristic of sciatica were experienced by 45% weavers,
      43% shop attendants, 29.2% spinners, and 16% office workers. Results of physical
      examinations in randomly selected cases corresponded in 97% with the
      questionnaire data. In most cases pains resulted from overloading of the lower
      section of the vertebral column.

PMID- 161797
TI  - Membrane changes during germination of Bacillus megaterium KM spores.
AB  - Bacillus megaterium KM dormant spore inner membrane ATPase exhibits a ten-fold
      increase in specific activity during the first 10 min of germination in the
      absence of protein synthesis. During this time period both in the presence and
      absence of chloramphenicol extensive proteolysis of spore inner membrane takes
      place, which results in degradation of approximately half of the membrane
      protein. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals the extent and selectivity of
      this degradation of inner membrane protein.

PMID- 161798
TI  - Permeability of muscle spindle capillaries and capsule.
AB  - The permeability of capillaries in rabbit muscle spindles, intramuscular nerves,
      and extrafusal muscle to intraaortically infused horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was
      studied. The permeability of the capsule cells of the muscle spindles was also
      examined. Immediately following the infusion of HRP, most extrafusal capillaries
      contained a dense accumulation of HRP reaction product, which began to escape
      into the surrounding extracellular space within 2-3 min. In contrast, the
      concentration of HRP in the intrafusal and endoneurial capillaries was much lower
      than that in extrafusal capillaries, and HRP was never found outside the former
      vessels. In addition, HRP never completely penetrated through the spindle capsule
      from the extracellular into the periaxial space, although it was regularly found
      between the outer two or three layers of capsule cells. The results indicate that
      the permeability characteristics of the muscle spindle capillaries and capsule to
      the tracer protein HRP are very similar to those of capillaries in peripheral
      nerve.

PMID- 161800
TI  - [Is this psoriasis vulgaris?].

PMID- 161799
TI  - Type III glycogenosis with multicore structures.
AB  - A case of an infantile type III glycogenosis (Forbes disease), confirmed by
      morphologic and biochemical studies, had light-microscopic, histochemical, and
      electron-microscopic evidence of multicore structures and type 1 fiber
      predominance with hypotrophy. This association is discussed with relation to the
      unusual clinical findings. The authors conclude that two distinct disease
      entities--Forbes disease and multicore myopathy--may coexist.

PMID- 161801
TI  - [Celioscopy in the systematic examination of the sterile couple].

PMID- 161802
TI  - Preclinical restorative paedodontics.

PMID- 161803
TI  - University of Toronto orthodontic, paedodontic, preventive dentistry clinical
      program.

PMID- 161804
TI  - Blepharoconjunctivitis: a side effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid therapy for
      dermatologic diseases.
AB  - Blepharoconjunctivitis developed as a side-effect of treatment of patients with
      basal cell carcinomas, keratinizing dermatoses, and cystic acne with oral 13-cis
      retinoic acid. Forty-two of the 97 dermatologic patients had signs and symptoms
      of blepharoconjunctivitis that were dose related and abated one week after
      discontinuation of the medication. About half of the patients had a history of
      similar symptoms prior to treatment. Staphylococcus aureus was present in eye
      cultures of 73% to 79% of the patients, whether symptomatic or not. Patients
      whose clinical appearance was that of staphylococcal blepharoconjunctivitis and
      whose cultures grew S aureus were successfully treated with topical erythromycin
      ointment to the lids even while being treated with the 13-cis-retinoic acid.

PMID- 161805
TI  - [Role of the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa in defensive mechanisms].

PMID- 161806
TI  - [Proteins of contractile apparatus in differentiating skeletal muscle (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161807
TI  - [Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. Part 21: Studies on the structure
      activity relationships in bisamidines (author's transl)].
AB  - The antitrypsin, antiplasmin and antithrombin activities of
      bis(amidinobenzylidene)- and bis(amidinobenzyl)cycloalkanones are not markedly
      affected if the amidino group is substituted by an uncharged residue (H, OCH3,
      Cl, Br, NO2). In contrast, mono(amidinobenzylidene)cycloalkanones exhibit
      considerably lower inhibitory activities than the compounds of the abovementioned
      classes of substances. From the results obtained it is concluded that the second
      aromatic residue and not the second basic amidino group is decisive of the potent
      inhibitory action of the bisamidino derivatives.

PMID- 161809
TI  - Comprehensive care block assignment.

PMID- 161808
TI  - Orthodontics and pedodontics as a permanent element of dentistry.

PMID- 161810
TI  - [Dental care for severely handicapped patients].

PMID- 161811
TI  - [Mucopolysaccharidosis type IV. Morquio syndrome].

PMID- 161812
TI  - [Onychomycosis in Valdivia, Chile (author's transl)].

PMID- 161813
TI  - [A method to measure plasma diphenylhydantoin (author's transl)].

PMID- 161814
TI  - [Echocardiography in pediatric cardiology (author's transl)].

PMID- 161815
TI  - Progress in fibrinolysis.
AB  - This review deals with aspects of fibrinolysis in which significant developments
      have taken place in the last few years. The structural changes of plasminogen
      during its activation are now identified precisely; the recent description of a
      thrombotic tendency in a kindred characterized by a defect of this protein
      emphasizes its important role in the homeostatic balance. Several activators of
      plasminogen are now identified; some of them, such as tissue and vascular
      activators, appear to have an important role in physiology and pathology. The
      recent characterizations of the alpha 2-antiplasmin and of antiactivators have
      widened our understanding of the inhibitors of fibrinolysis: a defect of the
      plasmin inhibitor seems to be associated with an haemorrhagic tendency, whereas
      high antiactivator levels were encountered in thrombotic conditions. The clinical
      use of fibrinolytic agents appears to be promising in conditions such as
      recurrent deep vein thrombosis and in the post-phlebitic syndrome. Thrombolytic
      therapy with urokinase or streptokinase appears to have elective indications in
      patients with acute deep vein thrombosis and massive life-threatening pulmonary
      embolism.

PMID- 161816
TI  - Rat mixed lymphocyte culture: optimization of culture conditions.
AB  - We have systematically analysed the various parameters of rat mixed lymphocyte
      culture (MLC), aiming at defining optimal conditions in analytical (micro) MLC
      and at the production of maximal numbers of blast cells in preparative (maxi)
      MLC. Treatment of both responder and stimulator cells, or at least the responder
      cells, with N-acyl-neuraminidase allowed a good and reproducible analytical MLC
      response. Responses with a maximal resolution between the stimulated versus
      nonstimulated control cultures were obtained in the presence of rat sera, BN
      serum being superior to Lewis and AO serum in supporting the response. Rat sera
      derived from DA and HO strains, fetal calf serum, and human serum were not good.
      Spleen cells, lymph node cells, and density-separated blood leucocytes were good
      responders, and spleen cells were good stimulators, provided the spleen cells
      were prepurified from most of the phagocytic cells with iron powder plus magnet.
      Similar culture conditions were applicable also for the maxi-MLC assay. The
      number of blast cells generated from a single spleen could, however, be increased
      by a factor of 10, if the responder cell donor was primed intravenously with 10 x
      10(6) stimulator-strain spleen cells 72 h before being killed. The responses both
      in the non-primed and in the primed cultures were specific, since the background
      stimulation was negligible and the cytotoxic effect by the primed cells in the
      cell-mediated lysis assay was immunologically specific.

PMID- 161817
TI  - Rheumatoid synovial lymphocytes lack concanavalin-A-activated suppressor cell
      activity.
AB  - Synovial lymphocytes eluted by enzyme treatment from eleven patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated for the presence of concanavalin A
      (Con A)-activated suppressor cell activity as compared with that of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes of twenty normal donors. In addition, two patients with
      psoriatic arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were also
      investigated. Synovial lymphocytes from the eleven RA patients showed a mean
      augmentation of 28 +/- 13.30, and thus clearly lacked suppressor activity,
      whereas the mean suppression in the lymphocytes from the twenty normal donors was
      13 +/- 14.40. Synovial lymphocytes from one patient with JRA and one with
      psoriatic arthritis showed a normal suppressor activity.

PMID- 161819
TI  - Boris Ephrussi and the study of neoplasia.

PMID- 161818
TI  - Polyclonal antibody secretion induced in human mixed lymphocyte cultures.
AB  - In mixed leucocyte culture (MLC), using human spleen cells or thoracic duct
      lymphocytes, antibody secretion was induced, measured as plaque-forming cells
      (PFC) in a haemolysis-in-gel assay with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-coupled
      sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) as targets. Peak antibody secretion was seen on day 5.
      Using protein-A-coupled SRBC as targets and developing antisera, antibody
      secretion in MLC was found to be of IgM, IgG and IgA type. There was no
      correlation between the number of PFC against FITC-SRBC in MLC and DNA synthesis.
      Supernatants from MLC failed to induce antibody secretion.

PMID- 161820
TI  - Oligomycin-resistant mitochondrial ATPase from mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - Fourteen oligomycin-resistant LM(TK-) clones were isolated following the
      mutagenesis of minicells. In the absence of oligomycin, the mutants grew with
      population doubling times similar to that of the wild type (1 day). In 3 or 5
      microgram oligomycin/ml the doubling times of the mutants were 1.2-2.5 days. Both
      stable and unstable classes were represented among the oligomycin-resistant
      mutants. Mitochondrial ATPase activities of the mutants were 1.3-1130 times more
      resistant to oligomycin than the wild type. The mitochondrial ATPase of OLI 14
      was found to be bound firmly to the mitochondrial membrane, showed no alteration
      in the pH optimum compared to wild-type, and exhibited increased resistance to
      DCCD and venturicidin. These results are consistent with the conclusion that
      oligomycin resistance in these mutants results from altered mitochondrial ATPase.

PMID- 161821
TI  - Marijuana: harmful or not?

PMID- 161822
TI  - Simple and rapid turbidometric method for assay of plasmin.

PMID- 161823
TI  - [The hippocratic axiom on the 7-month infant, interpreted by Galenus and Tabit
      ibn Qurra].

PMID- 161824
TI  - [Reformed medical thought and arabism in 16th century Germany].

PMID- 161825
TI  - Medical manuscripts found in Han Bomb No. 3 at Ma-wang-tui.

PMID- 161826
TI  - [Dental care for the severely multi-handicapped (2nd report)].

PMID- 161827
TI  - Effects of urinary organic macromolecules on crystallization of calcium oxalate:
      enhancement of nucleation.
AB  - The urine of normal persons, as well as that of stone formers, contains
      inhibitors to crystallization of calcium oxalate. To ascertain differences, if
      any, between these 2 groups we measured nucleation rate, growth rate and total
      mass produced in an analytic system with 5% urine added to 95% synthetic urine
      that did not contain large organic molecules. We also observed the effects of
      addition of uromucoid to the synthetic solution. Normal urine and stone-forming
      urine contained significant inhibitors to total mass of calcium oxalate dihydrate
      crystals precipitated but total crystal mass was not significantly different
      between the 2 groups. Growth rate was significantly less in experiments with the
      urine of stone formers. The other major difference found in stone-forming urine
      was significant enhancement of nucleation rate when compared to normal urine.
      Since addition of uromucoid produced these same growth inhibition and nucleation
      enhancement effects but did not affect total crystal mass, we hypothesize that
      uromucoid has an important part in producing the differences noted between normal
      and stone-forming urine.

PMID- 161829
TI  - Acne--fact and folklore.

PMID- 161828
TI  - [Total serum protein and the protein spectrum of sheep and lambs after
      experimental percutaneous invasion by Bunostomum trigonosephalum].
AB  - Serum proteins and their fractions in sheep and lambs following experimental B.
      trigonocephalum percutaneous invasion were investigated. It was established that
      total serum protein and albumen reduction as well as beta- and gamma-globulin
      enhancement occur following the invasion. These changes were observed on the 50th
      day post invasion, but they were most pronounced after clinical symptoms of
      Bunostomosis appeared. The albumen-globulin coefficient was considerably reduced
      post invasion. All changes described were more pronounced in lambs as compared to
      sheep.

PMID- 161830
TI  - Acne.
AB  - The cause of acne is still obscure, but genetic predisposition, sebaceous
      overactivity, overgrowth of bacterial flora and exposure to comedogenic
      substances are all significant factors. Acne lesions occur mainly in sebaceous
      follicles, which are characterized by deep follicular canals and large sebaceous
      glands. The associated seborrhea is not due to a circulatory excess of androgens
      but may be caused by a local amplification of androgenic activity. This, in turn,
      may be due to large numbers of androgen receptors and a high concentration of
      enzymes such as 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, within the sebaceous gland
      itself. Hyperkeratosis of the retention type in the pilary infrainfundibulum
      obstructs the outflow of sebum and keratin flakes. This favors the proliferation
      of Propionibacterium acnes which may initiate inflammation in microcomedos and
      lead to formation of pustules, papules or nodules. Topical therapy with
      tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide and antibiotics such as clindamycin is widely used
      today. Oral tetracyclines and other chemotherapeutic agents remain necessary in
      severe cases.

PMID- 161831
TI  - [Tasks of a regional physician in the control of social disability].

PMID- 161832
TI  - Microbiological production of radioisotopically labelled 16 alpha-hydroxylated
      steroids in trace quantities.
AB  - [14-14C]16 alpha-Hydroxy-C-18- and C-19-steroid hormones were obtained in good
      yields by microbiological hydroxylation of correspondingly labelled steroids by
      Streptomyces roseochromogenes NRRL B-1233. Trace quantities of the labelled
      substrates were incubated on a rotary shaker (220 rpm) at 27 degrees C. The
      radioactive products were chromatographically separated, identified and the
      radiochemical purity was established by isotopic dilution analysis. The specific
      activities of 16 alpha-hydroxy-steroids obtained were assumed to be the same as
      those of the substrates, namely, 57.5 mCi/mmole for 16 alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene
      3,17-dione, 57.5 mCi/mmole for 5-androstene-3 beta,16 alpha,17 beta-triol, 57.5
      mCi/mmole for 16 alpha-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, 55.7 mCi/mmole for 16
      alpha-hydroxy-estrone, and 57.5 mCi/mmole for 16 alpha-hydroxy-testosterone.

PMID- 161833
TI  - Microbial introduction of a 16 alpha-hydroxyl function into the steroid nucleus.
AB  - The introduction of a 16 alpha-hydroxyl function into the steroid nucleus was
      studied in resting cells of Streptomyces roseochromogenes NRRL B-1233. The
      oxidation product of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was identified as 16 alpha
      hydroxy DHEA by using thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. A linear relation
      between cell concentration and 16 alpha-OH-DHEA formation was observed. 16 alpha
      Hydroxylase showed good activity at pH 8.0 for 16 alpha-OH-DHEA formation. The
      enzyme showed good activity at 3.1 x 10(-4) M DHEA. The oxidation products of
      pregnenolone, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, estrone, and 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta
      diol as well as of other substrates were identified as the 16 alpha-hydroxy
      steroid, respectively. The rates of microbial 16 alpha-hydroxylation were as
      follows: 76.9% for DHEA, 50.4% for pregnenolone, 43.9% for 4-androstene-3,17
      dione, 34.3% for estrone, and 19.6% for 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol. The
      organism tested catalyzes 16 alpha-hydroxylation of a wide variety of steroids.

PMID- 161834
TI  - [The cooperativity of the CO2 Hb binding: measurement by 13C-NMR spectrometry
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161835
TI  - Structure of cerebrosides. II. Small angle X-ray diffraction study of cerasine.
AB  - Cerasine having a molecular weight of 800 differs chemically from phrenosine only
      in the hydroxyl group attached to the fatty acid tail which is replaced by a
      hydrogen atom. Nevertheless, remarkable differences between both cerebrosides are
      detected in the lamellae periodicities. In the range of 23--66 degrees C just one
      single (instead of two) structure with a similar subcell to the triclinic one
      component of phrenosine detected. Between 66 and 87 degrees C three new
      components (instead of one in phrenosine) appear. Two of the structures are
      similar to the two phrenosine-components at low temperature and the tilt angles
      of their chains with respect to the basal planes can explain the stabilizing
      capacity of the 201 and 301 netplanes of the paraffin-like subcells respectively.
      These lattice planes are parallely aligned to the surfaces of the lamellae. The
      long period of 58 A of component II cannot be explained in such a way. This
      period persists up to 105 degrees C and coexists from 87 degrees C with a new
      component showing a 40 A-periodicity, which cannot either be explained in the
      above manner. Paracrystalline distortions of the arrangement of the bilayers can
      be justified by orientational disorder of the galactose heads.

PMID- 161836
TI  - Determination of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-amanitin by high performance thin-layer
      chromatography in Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.) secr. from various origin.
AB  - A fast, sensitive high performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the
      determination of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-amanitin in crude, methanolic extracts
      of Amanita phalloides is described. The limit of detection is 50 ng of each
      amanitin. With this method amanitin was determined in 24 pooled samples of
      Amanita phalloides, collected between 1970 and 1977 in Germany and Switzerland.
      The total amanitin  content varied between 2010 and 7300 mg/kg dry weight and the
      average value was 4430 mg/kg of which 43% was alpha-amanitin, 49% beta-amanitin
      and 8% gamma-amanitin. The origin of the fungi hardly influenced their amanitin
      content: in samples collected during the same year at different sites it
      fluctuated within a factor of 1.7. The amanitin content of samples from the same
      site, but collected in different years, maximally varied within a factor of 3.7.
      The partial decomposition of amanitins during prolonged storage of the
      lyophilized samples undoubtedly contributed to this variation. Phalloidin, which
      was determined by conventional thin-layer-chromatography, could not be detected
      in a sample from 1970, whereas its concentration in material collected during
      1977 amounted to 2400 mg/kg dry weight. The toxicity of the samples (LD50 of
      lyophilized defatted methanolic extracts intravenously for mice) varied within a
      factor of 2.5.

PMID- 161837
TI  - Radiation aggregates of insulin.
AB  - During the irradiation of aqueous solution of insulin (pH 1.8) the decrease of
      original insulin molecules and the formation of radiation aggregates of insulin
      was studied in dependence on the concentration of irradiation solution, on the
      doses and conditions of irradiation (oxygenated and oxygen-free atmosphere, the
      presence of t-butanol, addition of [14C]amino acids). From the results obtained
      and results published earlier it may be assumed that in irradiated solution on
      insulin new covalent bonds between insulin molecules are formed at tyrosyl,
      phenylalanyl and cystyl radicals; these radicals are formed by the action of both
      direct and indirect effect (at present pH 1.8 mainly of H atoms).

PMID- 161838
TI  - Protamine and polyarginine bacteriolysis. Similarities in its mechanism with
      chromatin DNA picnosis.
AB  - Protamine and polyarginine had bacteriolytic effects indicating their primary
      sites of action as being wall components and showing bacterial diversity
      genetically determined. Shake-incubation was required in producing cell-lysis.
      Studies on Bacillus subtilis revealed a high polycation multiplicity per cell in
      lytic event displaying multihit lysing kinetics; bacteriolysis was inhibited by
      trypsin, pronase, purified polyanionic wall polysaccharide, and by dissociative
      actions of salt hypermolarities used in isolation of nucleic acids. The
      inactivation of polycation lytic abilities during bacteriolysis was accompanied
      by modifications in electrophoretic running of protamine and polyarginine. It is
      suggested as mechanism of cell-lysis, the multiple zonal surface condensations of
      polyanionic wall components by basic polypeptides, likely similar with chromatin
      DNA picnosis. This analogy is discussed.

PMID- 161839
TI  - Interference of L-alpha-aminooxy-beta-phenylpropionic acid with phenylalanine
      metabolism in buckwheat.
AB  - L-alpha-Aminooxy-beta-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP), a potent competitive inhibitor
      of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), blocked light-induced phenylpropanoid
      synthesis in excised buckwheat hypocotyls and produced an up to 40-fold increase
      in the endogenous phenylalanine concentration, while the level of all other amino
      acids was hardly affected. After a 24 h incubation in the light in the presence
      of 0.3 or 1 mM AOPP phenylalanine alone constituted about 25% of the total
      soluble amino acids, compared to appr. 1% in the controls. In the presence of
      AOPP illuminated hypocotyls accumulated nearly 3 times more phenylalanine than
      hypocotyls kept in the dark, indicating an enhancing effect of light on the flow
      of carbon through the shikimate pathway. Exogenously added [14C]phenylalanine was
      extensively metabolized by control tissue, but accumulated in AOPP treated
      tissue. In the presence of AOPP radioactivity from [14C]shikimate accumulated
      predominantly in phenylalanine, and the flow of shikimate into tyrosine and
      phenylalanine was not affected by the inhibitor. Therefore, under these
      conditions no feedback control of phenylalanine and tyrosine synthesis from
      shikimate is apparent in buckwheat hypocotyls.

PMID- 161841
TI  - Inhibition of protein synthesis in chloroplasts from plant cells by
      virginiamycin.
AB  - The light-driven incorporation of amino acids by isolated spinach chloroplasts is
      inhibited by the M component (VM) and not by the S component (VS) of
      virginiamycin. This inhibitory effect is partially reversible. In chloroplast
      extracts, poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine formation is strongly inhibited by
      VM and not by VS. The in vivo synergistic effect of VM and VS observed in
      bacteria and algae, does not occur in isolated chloroplasts and chloroplast
      extracts.

PMID- 161840
TI  - [Molybdocene dichloride as an antitumor agent (author's transl)].
AB  - The antitumor activity of molybdocene dichloride is tested against Ehrlich
      ascites tumor in CF1 mice. The application of 75 of 100 mg/kg 24 h after
      transplantation achieves 100% tumor inhibition until day 30. Following the d0 and
      d1 metallocene dichlorides of titanium and vanadium, molybdocene dichloride is
      the first analogous d2 system revealing similar antineoplastic properties.

PMID- 161842
TI  - Binding of antibodies onto the thylakoid membrane. V. Distribution of proteins
      and lipids in the thylakoid membrane.

PMID- 161843
TI  - Serine transport and membrane depolarization in the liverwort Riccia fluitans.
AB  - The plasmalemma of thallus cells of the aquatic liverwort, Riccia fluitans, is
      reversibly depolarized by L- and D-serine. At 0.1 mM K+ in the medium, the
      depolarization saturates at 50 mV; half-maximal depolarization occurs at 13
      microM L-serine and 30 microM D-serine, respectively. Uptake of 14C-labelled L
      serine depends upon the K+ concentration and is sensitive to the membrane
      potential as indicated by its reduction through 1 mM sodium cyanide. We propose
      that serine binds to and is transported by an electrogenic carrier. However, an
      interaction of serine with K+ channels of the membrane seems also possible.

PMID- 161844
TI  - Rates of de novo synthesis of malate synthase and albumins during the very early
      phase of germination.
AB  - Malate synthase is synthesized de novo in the very phase of germination. Its
      molecular and immunological properties do not differ from those of malate
      synthase from fully developed cotyledons. Radioactive leucine was administered to
      dry seeds of cucumber, and its incorporation into proteins of cotyledons was
      examined after 2 days of germination. The specific radioactivity of malate
      synthase, purified by immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide
      gel, was only 1/20 the average value of the total albumin fraction. The minimal
      incorporation documented by the comparatively low specific activity of isolated
      malate synthase is discussed in relation to the large pool of malate synthase
      already present in dry seeds.

PMID- 161845
TI  - Distribution of thioredoxins in Cyanobacteria.
AB  - The presence of thioredoxin was demonstrated in 20 strains of cyanobacteria as
      well as in one phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sulfidophila and in
      Thiobacillus denitrificans. Thioredoxin activity was not found in Cyanophora
      paradoxa and in Porphyridium cruentum using the thioredoxin-dependent PAPS
      sulfotransferase activity from Synechococcus 6301 as assay system.

PMID- 161846
TI  - Estradiol and estetrol plasma levels before and after intravenous administration
      of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in normal and pathologic pregnancies.
AB  - Intravenous injections of 50 mg dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were given
      to 7 women with normal pregnancies and 5 with pathologic pregnancies and the
      serum levels of 17 beta-estradiol and estetrol were assayed before and at 15 or
      30-minute intervals for three hours after the injection. All tests were carried
      out during the 25th to 36th week of amenorrhea. Serum estradiol rose rapidly in
      normal subjects and remained high to the end of the test. In patients with
      gestational pathology the estradiol pattern was not significantly different from
      that of the controls. Esterol plasma levels showed a biphasic pattern with an
      initial rise at 30 min. and a second rise at 90 min. in normal pregnancies,
      whereas in pathologic pregnancies this response was either lacking completely or
      was markedly reduced compared to the controls.

PMID- 161847
TI  - Down syndrome with XO/XX mosaicism.
AB  - A 2-month-old girl with Down syndrome was found to have 47, XX, +21/46, X, +21
      mosaicism. No symptoms indicative of infantile Turner syndrome were observed.

PMID- 161848
TI  - The effect of xenoantisera on T-lymphocyte functions in the absence of
      complement.
AB  - An attempt was made to determine whether xenoantisera can detect functional
      receptors on mouse T lymphocytes. Antisera were raised by immunizing rabbits with
      BALB/c thymus cells, boiled thymus homogenate, brain homogenate or bone marrow
      cells. Following heat inactivation these antisera were absorbed with mouse kidney
      and liver homogenates, and studied for their effect, in the absence of C', on the
      activity of murine T lymphocytes. Rabbit anti-bone marrow serum (RAB) had no
      effect on the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) nor on cell-mediated lysis (CML).
      In contrast, rabbit anti-thymus serum (RAT) and anti-boiled thymus serum (RABT)
      inhibited strikingly, the MLR, CML, and the response to concanavalin A and
      phytohemagglutinin. Rabbit anti-brain serum (RABR) caused a marked increase of
      the proliferation of lymphocytes both in the presence or absence of various
      stimuli and had no effect on the CML. Absorption experiments indicated that a
      number of antigens are involved in the inhibitory activity of RAT. Antibodies to
      a T cell specific antigen interfere with the response of T lymphocytes to
      mitogenic stimuli, while the activity of cytotoxic T cells is inhibited by
      antibodies to a determinant shared by B and T lymphocytes.

PMID- 161849
TI  - Growth of human T-cells following in vitro allograft sensitization.

PMID- 161851
TI  - Suppressor cell defect in psoriasis.

PMID- 161850
TI  - Suppressor monocytes in human disease: a review.
AB  - Suppressor monocytes have been found in a number of human diseases most of which
      are associated with lymphopenia and deficiences in cell mediated immunity. In our
      studies both quantitative and qualitative differences in monocytes were detected
      in certain patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease or tuberculosis. In certain
      patients lymphocyte activating factor production by monocytes was severely
      depressed in part secondary to decreased activation by suppressed T cells,
      although at times primary impairment of macrophage function was also probably
      contributory. Mononuclear cell cultures from patients with advanced Hodgkin's
      disease also manifested excessive prostaglandin secretion; however, the
      association of this with monocyte suppression and deficient LAF production was
      inconstant. Furthermore, reversibility of monocyte suppression could not
      regularly be achieved by inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase with indomethacin
      suggesting that excessive production of prostaglandins is unlikely to be the sole
      mechanism of monocyte inhibition of lymphoproliferation. It also remains to be
      established whether the inhibition of lymphoproliferation in vitro is important
      to in vivo delayed hypersensitivity or whether the mechanism is related to other
      macrophage effects such as tumor cytostasis and cytolysis.

PMID- 161852
TI  - Nicotinamide and liver xanthine oxidase.

PMID- 161853
TI  - Inhibition of histamine methylation in vivo by the dimaprit analog, SKF Compound
      91488.
AB  - The Dimaprit analog, S-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-butyl]isothiurea (SKF Compound
      91488), which is a noncompetitive inhibitor (Ki, 0.9 microM) of histamine-N
      methyltransferase in vitro, inhibited the methylation of labeled histamine in
      mice. When administered in combination with the diamine oxidase inhibitor,
      aminoguanidine, an almost complete block of histamine metabolism was observed.
      The inhibition was dependent on dose of drug and was apparent with doses of 50
      mg/kg and greater. Since Compound 91488 is reported to have no agonist activity
      of its own, the drug may help to identify the actions of histamine released from
      endogenous stores in response to physiological and pathological stimuli.

PMID- 161854
TI  - A comparative study with impromidine (SKF 92676), a potent agonist for histamine
      H2-receptors.
AB  - Histamine, dimaprit and impromidine caused a relaxation on the isolated cat
      tracheal muscle contracted by acetylcholine or serotonin. Mepyramine partially
      inhibited the relaxing effect of histamine without altering that of impromidine
      and dimaprit. Both impromidine and dimaprit produced a dose-dependent fall in
      perfusion pressure of the isolated perfused guinea-pig lung while histamine has a
      pressor effect in this preparation which reversed into a depressor one in the
      presence of mepyramine. Both dimaprit and impromidine also produced a fall in
      perfusion pressure and urine flow of the isolated perfused rabbit kidney. A rapid
      tachyphylaxis developed to the effect of impromidine in the kidney but not to
      dimaprit. A cross-tachyphylaxis was also observed between impromidine and
      dimaprit. The agonistic potency of impromidine was found to be very much higher
      than histamine and dimaprit. Metiamide has a competitive inhibitory effect
      against impromidine and dimaprit on the isolated perfused lung, kidney and
      tracheal muscle. It was concluded that impromidine is a very potent pure
      histamine H2-receptor agonist when compared with histamine and dimaprit on the
      investigated tissues.

PMID- 161855
TI  - Therapeutic effect of beta-[1-phenyl-5-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-amino-benzimidazolyl
      (2)-DL-alanin (ZIMET 3164) on immune complex nephritis of NZB hybrid mice.
AB  - Beta-[1-Phenyl-5-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-amino-benzimidazolyl-(2)]-DL-alanin (ZIMET
      3164), a highly immunosuppressive but moderately cytostatic agent, was found to
      be able to prevent the progression of spontaneous murine immune complex nephritis
      in a dose-dependent fashion. For experiments, BCG-stimulated conventional female
      (NMRI X NZB)F1 mice suffering from rapidly progressive nephritis, BCG-stimulated
      and unilaterally nephrectomized (NMRI X NZB)F1 females, and (AB/Jena X NZB)F1
      females characterized by a prolonged course of the disease were used. The
      beneficial effect was quantified by fluorescence photometry and histometry, and
      semiquantitatively detected by estimation of the extent of damage of individual
      glomerular structures when histometric methods were unsuited. Treatment of young
      adult animals characterized by slight to moderate glomerular lesions was more
      effective than of older ones with advanced nephritis. At equi-immunosuppressive
      dose levels ZIMET 3164 was about twice as effective as the reference substance
      cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 161856
TI  - (Ca2++Mg2+)-ATPase activity of sickle cell membranes: decreased activation by red
      blood cell cytoplasmic activator.
AB  - Human red blood cells (RBCs) contain a cytoplasmic protein that activates
      membrane-bound (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase and the transport of Ca2+. The (Ca2+ + Mg2+)
      ATPase of sickle cells showed a less than normal response to this activator. This
      was true whether the activator was obtained from normal or sickle cells.
      Activator present in sickle cell hemolysates fully activated the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)
      ATPase of normal RBC membranes. These results demonstrate that membranes of
      sickle cells are defective in their response to the activator. Neither the
      apparent affinity for calcium nor the apparent affinity for activator was
      different comparing the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase of sickle and normal membranes.
      Young, mature, and irreversibly sickled cells were separated by density gradient
      centrifugation, and membranes were prepared from each of these cell populations.
      No significant differences in ATPase activities were found based on cell age
      (density). The (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase of all populations of sickle cells showed a
      decreased response to the activator. Thus, it appears unlikely that the decreased
      response of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase of sickle cells is due to membrane damage
      caused by repeated sickling during the life-span of the cell. Reduced activation
      of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase by the cytoplasmic activator may account for calcium
      accumulation in sickle cells.

PMID- 161857
TI  - A dehydroepiandrosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma in a nonvirilized
      elderly woman.

PMID- 161858
TI  - Effect of oral contraceptive containing a new progestin (ORG 2969) on plasma
      renin activity, growth hormone and immunoreactive insulin.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA), Growth hormone (GH) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI)
      were studied in seven healthy subjects during the ovulatory menstrual cycle and
      during the first and third cycles of oral contraception with 0.05 mg of
      ethinylestradiol and 0.100 mg or 0.125 mg of a new progestogen, 17 alpha-ethinyl
      18-methylene-4-estren-17 beta-ol. The PRA level in the second half of the control
      cycle was significantly higher than in the beginning of the cycle. At the end of
      the treated cycles it was significantly higher than at the end of the control
      cycle. Neither GH nor IRI showed significant changes during the control cycle. GH
      was significantly higher at the end of the first and third treated cycles than at
      the end of the control cycle. IRI was significantly higher both in the beginning
      and at the end of the first treated cycle than the corresponding IRI levels in
      the control cycle. IRI at the end of the third treatment cycle was not
      significantly different from corresponding means at the end of the control cycle
      or the first treated cycle.

PMID- 161859
TI  - Helping mothers cope with the birth of a defective infant.

PMID- 161860
TI  - [Aminergic neuromodulation and the antinociceptive action of morphine and T.R.H].

PMID- 161861
TI  - The spontaneous rate of tumours in the laboratory rat: strain Chbb: THOM (SPF).
AB  - The aim of this investigation was to examine the time relationship of the rate of
      development of spontaneous tumours in the rat, strain CHBB: THOM (SPF). The rats
      were divided into 6 groups, each of which consisted of 100 male and 100 female
      animals. The first group was killed at the age of 15 months, and the last group
      when aged 2 1/2 years. Thus the time interval between sacrificing the individual
      groups was 3 months. Spontaneous tumours seldom appear in animals up to 15 months
      of age except in the testes, pituitary and mammary glands. Apart from these
      organs tumours develop mainly in the lung, lymph nodes, thymus, adrenal cortex,
      thyroid, ovary, uterus, skin and in the brain. Benign tumours predominate.
      Malignant tumours with metastases are rare. The incidence of tumour formation
      increases after the age 21 months. Statistically significant increases can only
      be shown in a few organs.

PMID- 161862
TI  - [Interaction of phosphatidyl serine with fibrin monomer].
AB  - Phosphatidyl serine induces a concentration-dependent inhibition of
      polymerization of fibrin monomer and forms a complex with it, which is stable to
      gel-filtration and chloroform treatment. During plasmin proteolysis phosphatidyl
      serine remains tightly bound to the fragments of the fibrin monomer molecule
      formed. A correlation between the amount of amino acids responsible for
      phospholipid binding and that of phosphatidyl serine bound to the fragment of the
      fibrin monomer molecule was observed. The introduction of phosphatidyl serine
      into the blood flow causes a decrease of the thrombin-precipitated fibrinogen and
      fibrin monomer obtained from animal plasma. At the same time phosphatidyl serine
      is present in fibrinogen and in high amounts in the fibrin monomer. It is assumed
      that phosphatidyl serine which controls thrombinogenesis and enzymatic and non
      enzymatic steps of fibrin production can thus be regarded as a natural stabilizer
      of the blood.

PMID- 161863
TI  - [Energy sources of the myocardium in the course of adaptation of the heart to
      cardiac overload (author's transl)].

PMID- 161865
TI  - [Second possibility of employing typization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by means of
      pyocins (pyocinotypia) (author's transl)].

PMID- 161864
TI  - Epidemiological survey of children in wheelchairs in Saskatchewan.

PMID- 161866
TI  - [On the frequency of dermatophytes of so called Microsporum gypseum complex in
      garden soils and on the experimental pathogenicity of these agents (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161867
TI  - [Anaerobic nonsporulating bacteria in fecal flora of humans. I. Survey of
      observed bacterial groups and genera (author's transl)].

PMID- 161868
TI  - [Effect of cultivation conditions on some lipid components of Mycobacterium
      kansasii (author's transl)].

PMID- 161869
TI  - [Complement-fixation reaction and microprecipitation reaction in agar gel in the
      serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 161870
TI  - [On the 70th birthday of M.P. Cumakov].

PMID- 161871
TI  - [70th birthday of Dr. Karel Raska].

PMID- 161873
TI  - [Short-distance transportation pass. Medical coexamination of claimed
      disability].

PMID- 161872
TI  - Factors influencing prognosis after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 161875
TI  - The influence of experimental diabetes on the serum and urinary glycopeptide
      compounds in rats.
AB  - In alloxan-diabetic rats the protein level in the secomucoid and the levels of
      neutral sugars and peptides in the serum and urinary non-diffusible sugar-peptide
      (serum and urinary NSP) fractions increased. The proportion of neutral sugars in
      seromucoid and serum NSP fraction decreased, while in the urinary NSP fraction
      this ratio increased. In streptozotocin-diabetic rats the ratio of neutral sugars
      to the peptides did not change in either fraction, while the ratio of these
      sugars to the total nitrogen in the serum and urinary NSP fractions increased.
      The total level of seromucoid as well as the levels of neutral sugars in the
      serum and urinary NSP fraction were raised in these rats. The comparison of the
      results with those obtained previously by Sarnecka-Keller et al. (1968, 1972,
      1972 a) in natural diabetes showed that the alloxan-diabetic model is more
      suitable for the study of glycopeptide compound metabolism in this disease.

PMID- 161874
TI  - [Nil nocere: perforation of the gastric wall on occasion of peritoneoscopy
      (author's transl)].
AB  - On occasion of peritoneoscopy of a 76-years old man with gastrectasia by cancer
      of the pylorus, the gastric wall became perforated. He was cured by followed
      urgent surgical intervention. Causes and conclusions to prevent this complication
      are discussed.

PMID- 161876
TI  - [Autoradiographic studies on protein metabolism and histochemical demonstration
      of the brain zinc content in diabetes mellitus. 1. Comparison in experimental
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes].
AB  - By application of streptozotocin diabetes mellitus is induced in rats: 40 mg/kg
      body weight streptozotocin produce a fairly serious diabetes with minimal
      ketosis, 125 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin cause a severe diabetic keto
      acidosis. After 72 hours these animals and also a group of control animals
      receive 8.33 mCi/animal 3H-leucine intraperitoneally. By means of stripping film
      autoradiograms the rates of uptake of 3H-leucine in different areas of the rat
      brain are measured. The values of the control animals are compared with those of
      a fairly serious diabetes and those of a severe diabetic keto-acidosis. In the
      regions of the neocortex parietalis and of the thalamus the 3H-leucine values of
      the diabetic animals are considerably lower in comparison with the controls, and
      that irrespective of the degree of severity of the diabetic disease. Compared
      with the control animals the 3H-leucine values of diabetic animals decrease
      according to the degree of severity of the disease within the Ammon's horn and
      the dentate fascia. Within the Ammon's horn and dentate fascia also the zinc
      contents change very specifically in different areas with the degree of severity
      of diabetes mellitus. The zinc is identified on H2S-alcohol fixed brains by means
      of a photographic development. The particular significance of the Ammon's horn
      and the dentate fascia concerning diabetic metabolic conditions is discussed.

PMID- 161877
TI  - [Status of immunity in bullous pemphigoid].

PMID- 161878
TI  - Medical geography of Moldavia: historical contribution.
AB  - The role of Hungarian surgeons and physicians in the medical care of Moldavia was
      discussed in its historical development. Two medico-geographical works about
      Moldavia in the first half of the 19th century were discussed: Andreas Wolff and
      the Moldavian Constantin Vernav wrote the related books.

PMID- 161879
TI  - [Comparative cytochemical study of some enzymatic activities in normal and
      myelomatous plasma cells (author's transl)].

PMID- 161880
TI  - An unusual case of myeloproliferative disease which started with erythroderma:
      chronic (incomplete) panmyelosis.

PMID- 161881
TI  - [Transluminal angioplasty of renal artery stenosis for the treatment of renal
      hypertension (author's transl)].
AB  - Three patients with hypertension due to renal artery stenoses were treated by
      percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with the coaxial-balloon-catheter system as
      it is used for the dilatation of coronary arteries. The pressure gradients before
      and after dilatation are recorded. Pressure of the three patients came directly
      after treatment down significantly. Reduction of antihypertensive drug therapy
      was possible in two patients, one patient is without therapy 4 weeks after the
      procedure.

PMID- 161882
TI  - [Delayed healing of colonic anastomoses after tumour resection (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Local tumour recurrences at colonic anastomoses in an early, curable stage are
      rarely missed by double contrast enema. On the other hand, the variable
      appearances caused by inflammatory lesions, which delay healing of the
      anastomosis, are often misinterpreted as recurrences. Early post-operative
      investigation with a water-soluble contrast medium is therefore important. Small
      and transient leaks at the suture line may cause intramural inflammatory lesions
      with a variety of symptoms and may be confused with local recurrences. They are
      due to delayed healing at the anastomosis and will only be interpreted correctly
      if there is regular radiological follow-up.

PMID- 161883
TI  - [Method and value of the opacified intestine in the computed tomography of
      abdomen (author's transl)].
AB  - In the examination of the intestine CT can deliver further information about
      diseases transgressing the intestinal wall or bordering on it. Sometimes,
      however, bowel loops filled with liquid can scarcely be distinguished from
      abdominal abnormalities. In these cases contrast material given orally or as an
      enema can facilitate the distinction and the identification of pathological
      patterns. The method of opacifying bowel loops is presented and demonstrated by
      several examples. Its value as well as its limits are discussed.

PMID- 161885
TI  - [99mTc marking of gel foam for catheter embolisation (author's transl)].
AB  - A simple method is described for marking gel foam particles with 99mTc after
      reduction of the pertechnetate. This is carried out in the Luer lock syringe to
      be used for the injection. After embolisation and control angiography, the
      patient is placed under a scintillation camera. The position of the embolising
      material can then be demonstrated scintigraphically. In six patients marked
      emboli were found to be correctly placed. In another patient undergoing a second
      embolisation for a renal tumour, particles were found in the peripheral
      circulation.

PMID- 161884
TI  - [Critical considerations on the "innominate grooves" of the colon (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors discuss the meaning of the "innominate grooves" of the colon after
      having determined their anatomic substratum with a microradiographic study. In
      the iconographic and methodological critical evaluation of the double contrast
      technique the "innominate grooves" must be considered as an important sign of
      today's radiologic semeiotics and as elementary mucous structures which are first
      affected by pathologic situations.

PMID- 161886
TI  - [The value of renal phlebography in the differential diagnosis of
      arteriographically hypo- or avascular lesions in the kidney (author's transl)].
AB  - The present paper is an investigation into the diagnostic value of renal
      phlebography for differentiating between arteriographically hypo- and avascular
      malignant lesions in the kidney and benign renal masses. In three examinations
      carried out on eight patients with renal masses, phlebography was of crucial
      diagnostic importance. In ten renal cysts a presumptive diagnosis made by
      arteriography was confirmed by phlebography. In another eight renal cysts, a case
      of haemorrhagic pyelitis and in two cases of unilateral pseudotumerous
      pyelonephritis, phlebography was of no value.

PMID- 161887
TI  - [Transhepatic biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice (author's transl)].
AB  - Sixty-five patients with obstructive jaundice out of a total of 71 patients, were
      treated successfully by PTCD. The markedly elevated total bilirubin and alkaline
      phosphatase in the serum were reduced significantly and the general condition of
      the patient improved rapidly. On the other hand, severe obstructive jaundice
      which had persisted for several weeks was not amenable to treatment in this way.
      Occlusion of the extrahepatic bile ducts by tumour was treated by internal PTCD;
      this provided satisfactory flow of bile into the duodenum for at least six
      months. PTCD is simpler for the patient than surgery and is therefore the method
      of choice in obstructive jaundice. Finally, PTCD can be used for the introduction
      of antibiotics for the treatment of suppurative cholangitis or liver abscesses.
      This rapidly leads to reduction in fever and absorption of the abscesses.

PMID- 161888
TI  - [The Mirizzi syndrome as a cause of obstructive jaundice--its demonstration by
      sonography and PTC (author's transl)].
AB  - Two patients with the Mirizzi syndrome are described and the findings on
      sonography and PTC care discussed. The difficulties of differentiating this from
      biliary obstruction due to tumour are stressed and treatment and prognosis are
      set out.

PMID- 161889
TI  - [Suggestibility as a factor in diagnostic decision-making, illustrated by
      lymphographic diagnosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Sixteen diagnosticians were repeatedly shown a series of lymphograms. On repeated
      viewing, the participants were informed of their diagnostic decisions at the
      first reading (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity). The results show that it was
      possible to influence the participants in their judgement and attitude. Changes
      in individual attitudes are demonstrated diagnostically and the individual
      diagnostic parameters were subjected to a quantitative analysis. The accuracy of
      the results are related to the method and to the diagnostician with reference to
      the composition of the clinical material.

PMID- 161890
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of stress injuries to the metaphyses and apophyses of the
      spinous processes of juvenile thoracic spines (Schmitt's disease) (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Unlike the clay-shoveller's fracture in adults, stress injuries in juveniles
      trend to be localised at the tip of the spinous process, i.e. in the metaphysis,
      the apophyseal line and the apophysis. Characteristic changes are found only
      between 14 1/2 and 16 1/2 years, at, or immediately before, ossification of the
      tip of the apophysis. These fractures share with the corresponding fractures in
      adults similar occupational history, a similar clinical picture with a benign
      course of the disease. Healing is by the formation of a pseudo-arthrosis which
      may, however, consolidate after several months or years. Synonyms which have been
      used for the stress injury to the spinous process in the growing skeleton are:
      clay-shoveller's fractures in juveniles, apophysitis of the spinous process,
      aseptic necrosis of the spinous process, gross disturbance of the spinous process
      after chronic trauma or Schmitt's disease.

PMID- 161891
TI  - [Marginal osteophytes as a radiological and clinical indicator of patellofemoral
      arthrosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Radiological and pathological comparisons carried out on patellae at autopsy have
      shown a statistical relationship between the size of marginal patellar
      osteophytes and radiologically invisible ulceration of the joint cartilage.
      Patellar osteophytes greater than 2 mm. show a 100% association with cartilage
      ulcers. The detritus originating from the ulcerated cartilage is a potent
      irritant of the synovial membrane. The radiological demonstration of marginal
      patellar osteophytes therefore provides evidence concerning the severity of the
      arthrosis; the larger the patellar marginal osteophytes, the greater is the need
      for treatment of the painful arthrosis. The lateral and upper margins of the
      patella are the sites of predelection for the osteophytes. The medial patellar
      facet is the site of predelection for the cartilagenous ulcers.

PMID- 161892
TI  - [The appearances of chondropathia patellae on plain films (author's transl)].
AB  - The ability to diagnose chondropathia patellae on plain radiographs was studied
      in 64 patients in whom the disease had been confirmed either by operation or
      arthroscopy. All cases of stage III chondropathia were diagnosable by
      radiological examination; in stage I, 67%, and in stage II, 73% could be
      diagnosed. The diagnosis depends on the co-existence of marginal irregularities,
      irregularities of the subchondral bone lamellae, spotty diffuse demineralisation,
      marginal osteophytes, irregularities at the insertion of the quadriceps tendon
      and soft tissue changes such as joint effusions. These changes are best
      identified on the so-called "defilee" view. Disalignment of the axis of the
      patella and post-traumatic defects are of particular importance for the
      development of chondropathia, but in the present clinical material, the existence
      of dysplasia of the patella or of the femoral condyle was not associated with a
      demonstrable increase of chondromalacia.

PMID- 161893
TI  - [Simplified multiscreen millimeter-layer ear-tomography-makeshift solution or
      more? (author's transl)].
AB  - The experiences of a simplified multiscreen millimeterlayer ear-tomography
      technique are reported. The number of patients examined 1969-1978 was 2000 and of
      these 730 were subjected to microsurgery. The accuracy of the tomographic method
      was evaluated by a correlation between the preoperative radiographic diagnoses
      and the peroperative findings. The diagnostic accuracy of multiscreen tomography
      was much better than expected. The advantages of the method are discussed. It is
      concluded that multiscreen millimeterlayer eartomography may profitably be used
      not only in larger departments but also in smaller units.

PMID- 161894
TI  - [CT findings in brain abscesses (author's transl)].
AB  - Seventeen patients with brain abscesses are reported, some with multiple lesions.
      The computer tomographic criteria for the diagnosis with and without enhancement
      are described. The advantages of computer tomography compared with other
      neuroradiological methods for the diagnosis and follow-up of abscesses is
      stressed. Good therapeutic results have been obtained from simple puncture of the
      lesion.

PMID- 161895
TI  - [Radiological documentation of the occurrence of occlusion of an internal carotid
      artery branch in a patient with hyperlipoproteinaemia (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical and angiographic findings in a 23-year-old patient with
      hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV are described. The patient had suffered repeated,
      transitory attacks of focal cerebral ischaemia. During angiography, occlusion of
      a branch of the left middle cerebral artery occurred. This was followed by severe
      neurological deficit, which, however, recovered completely after three days. The
      pathogenesis of the angiographic findings and of this complication are discussed.

PMID- 161896
TI  - [The effect of changes in the bones of the skull due to Mediterranean anaemia on
      the shape of the skull and the formation of the cranial cavity (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The head and skull in patients with Mediterraneen anaemia show often a marked
      change of the external shape due mainly to the considerable enlargement of the
      cranial bones. From the abnormal external appearance the suspicion may arise that
      the form and space of the internal cranial cavity are likewise affected and even
      the basic structure of the skull is altered. However, a detailed investigation of
      the principal angles, distances and characteristic structures of the skull made
      on lateral roentgenograms of these patients, a comparison of the results between
      cases with different intensity of the osseous changes and a confrontation with
      the findings in normal individuals proved that there were no major discrepancies.
      The essential features of the human skull were always preserved. Only in some
      cases with severe alterations of the cranial bones a few small deviations from
      the normal values could be noticed and in a little number of them signs of a
      slight narrowing of the cranial cavity werde to be observed. This way was
      probably caused by a very early, rapid and extreme enlargement of the cranial
      bones resulting in a kind of "premature panzer-skull."

PMID- 161897
TI  - [The effect of selective autoperfusion through an extracorporeal circulation on
      the formation of arterial collaterals. Animal experimental results (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In 11 mongrel dogs (10-15 kg) with ligated superficial femoral arteries the
      formation of collaterals induced by increased arterial pressure with an
      extracorporal circulation was studied. In general anesthesia a teflon tube was
      inserted into one deep femoral artery. The other end of this tube war introduced
      through the right carotid artery into the thoracic aorta and arterial blood was
      drawn by a peristaltic tube pump from the aorta to the femoral artery. Different
      arterial pressures created by the pump were used to perfuse this hind limb. After
      40 minutes perfusion time with 200 mmHG pressure, there was marked increase of
      collateralization by the deep femoral artery. At the contralateral non treated
      side, only minimal development of collaterals was visualized. These angiograms
      demonstrate that collaterals are opened by increased pressure within a short time
      interval  The experimental model might have clinical implisations and accelerate
      collateral formation in non-surgical treatment of arterial occlusive disease.

PMID- 161898
TI  - Position-controlled needle aspiration biopsy at mammography.

PMID- 161899
TI  - [Posttraumatic renal AV-shunt with cardiac insufficiency].

PMID- 161900
TI  - [Extracranial giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery].

PMID- 161901
TI  - Roentgenogram in long-standing cases of idiopathic gastric erosions.

PMID- 161902
TI  - [Emphysema of the gallbladder with necrotic cholecystitis].

PMID- 161903
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the kidney pelvis without previous administration of
      contrast media].

PMID- 161904
TI  - [Clarification of an abdominal space requiring process in early pregnancy].

PMID- 161905
TI  - [Abnormal concentration of 99m-technetium methylenediphosphonate in thyroid
      tumors].

PMID- 161906
TI  - Flow cytometry analysis of murine B cell lymphoma differentiation.

PMID- 161907
TI  - Histochemical & biochemical changes in SDH & m-ATPase activities during
      regeneration of autotransplanted minced gastrocnemius muscle in different age
      groups of albino rat Rattus norvegicus.

PMID- 161908
TI  - Histochemical & biochemical changes in SDH & m-ATPase activities in tenotomized
      gastrocnemius muscle in different age groups of albino rat Rattus norvegicus.

PMID- 161909
TI  - Histochemical profile of certain avian & mammalian skeletal muscles in relation
      to their varying functional load.

PMID- 161910
TI  - Reinterpretation of the Dick test: role of group A streptococcal pyrogenic
      exotoxin.
AB  - Because of the association of the group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins
      (SPEs) with erythrogenic toxin used in the classical Dick test, the involvement
      of the SPEs in production of erythematous skin reactions was assessed. Unless
      they had been presensitized, young adult rabbits failed to show skin reactions
      after intracutaneous challenged with SPEs. Rabbits presensitized to purified
      protein derivative exhibited enhanced skin reactivity when given purified protein
      derivative plus SPE C; the enhancement was neutralized by antiserum to SPE C.
      Rabbits sensitized to bovine serum albumin showed extensive red rash development
      resembling scarlet fever  rashes when given bovine serum albumin containing SPE
      C. Desquamation occurred 5 to 10 days after injection. Animals sensitized to one
      SPE type showed enhanced skin reactivity to challenge with homologous or
      heterologous SPE types, indicating the presence of a cross-reactive determinant
      within the SPE molecules. Repeated challenge of SPE-sensitized animals with
      homologous toxin resulted in concomitant antitoxin production with reduction of
      the enhanced skin reactivities, until typical delayed-hypersensitivity skin
      reactions remained. The data indicate that, in addition to the toxic reaction
      previously described, SPEs enhance Arthus and delayed-hypersensitivity skin
      reactions. It follows that erythrogenic toxin represents the enhancement of
      acquired skin reactivity to streptococcal antigens by one or more SPE types.
      Therefore, the Dick test measures SPE-enhanced hypersensitivity to streptococcal
      products.

PMID- 161912
TI  - The visually handicapped patient in dental practice.

PMID- 161913
TI  - Behavior modification utilizing hypnosis in a minimal brain dysfunction patient.

PMID- 161911
TI  - Biological activity of the slime and endotoxin of the periodontopathic organism
      Eikenella corrodens.
AB  - A partially purified water-soluble slime extract was obtained from two strains of
      the oral pathogen Eikenella corrodens, designated CS10 A and CS10 B. Endotoxin
      was also isolated from this organism by the phenol-water extraction procedure.
      Assays including the local Shwartzman skin reactivity, chicken embryo lethality,
      Limulus lysate clotting, spleen cell mitogenicity, and immune adjuvancy were used
      to test the biological properties of these two bacterial extracts. In each of
      these assay systems the endotoxins of the Eikenella corrodens strains
      demonstrated the classical endotoxic responses. In contrast, the effect of slime
      extract in the corresponding assays was either extremely low or absent with the
      exception of a very strong immunosuppressive effect. Mice treated with slime
      extract showed a severely reduced immune response to sheep erythrocytes as
      measured by the hemolytic plaque-forming cell assay.

PMID- 161914
TI  - Incidence of Fusarium species and the mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone,
      in corn produced in esophageal cancer areas in Transkei.

PMID- 161915
TI  - Siderophores in microbially processed cheese.

PMID- 161916
TI  - Orthodontic guidelines for specific patient selection.

PMID- 161917
TI  - Management of treatment by objectives.

PMID- 161918
TI  - Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia.

PMID- 161919
TI  - [Studies on anti-ulcerogenic protein in inflamed rabbit skin tissues. II.
      Isolation of inhibitory substance to gastric juice secretion and carrageenin
      edema formation from Arthus reaction site (author's transl)].

PMID- 161920
TI  - [Plastic replacement of the abdominal wall by uncoated carbon cloth. An animal
      experiment on the rabbit (author's transl)].
AB  - Carbon cloth is a new biomaterial which is suitable for the replacement of
      ligaments and connective tissues, because of its biological and physical
      properties. In 30 rabbits a defect was cut into the abdominal wall. In 20 the
      defect was covered by an implanted carbon cloth. The other 10 animals were used
      as controls. After implantation wound healing was excellent. No herniation could
      be observed in the group with the implants. After 3 months histological
      examinations revealed the ingrowth of collagen fibres into the carbon cloth. It
      had become a strong and resilient abdominal wall replacement. A physical-strength
      test showed stability of the newly formed abdominal wall with good anchorage to
      normal tissue.

PMID- 161921
TI  - [Lymphocyte reactivation in vitro and tumor development in vivo in rats treated
      with parathion].

PMID- 161922
TI  - [Evidence for receptors of the specific T-suppressor cells immune to the H-2
      antigens, and enrichment of these cells by fractionation on target cell
      monolayer].
AB  - Specific T-suppressor cells induced by an intravenous injection of mice with a
      large number of gamma-irradiated allogeneic spleen cells are shown to inhibit the
      DNA synthesis activation and the killer generation in mixed lymphocyte culture
      (MLC). These suppressors can be removed from the population as a result of their
      adherence to the macrophage monolayer of the corresponding donor strain, whereas
      only a small part of specific suppresors gets adherent to the syngeneic
      macrophage monolayer. Subsequent elution of the lymphocytes adherent to the
      specific monolayer gives rise to the enrichment of the cell population in
      specific T-suppressors by a factor of 30 and 2.6, judging by the reduction of
      lymphocyte number required for 50% inhibition of the DNA synthesis and the killer
      generation, respectively. The gain in suppressor activity appears to be specific,
      as it is not observed when either the elution is performed from the syngeneic
      monolayer, or the third-party stimulator cells are used in the test-MLC. The
      faint non-specific suppression of the reactions to thirdparty stimulator cells in
      the test-MCL which intact immune lymphocytes are responsible for, does not
      decrease after their absorption but almost disappears after their elution from
      the specific monolayer. The findings are indicative of the existence of antigen
      binding receptors on T-suppressors which allow to remove and concentrate specific
      T-suppressor cells.

PMID- 161923
TI  - Mucopolysaccharides during the healing of cutaneous wounds of Heteropneustes
      fossilis (Bloch) [Heteropneustidae, Pisces]. A histochemical investigation.

PMID- 161924
TI  - [Battered child syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 161925
TI  - [First experiences collected by a psychosocial working team at a public health
      office (author's transl)].

PMID- 161926
TI  - [On the development on psychosocial working teams at the Public Health offices in
      Upper Franconia (author's transl)].

PMID- 161927
TI  - [Possibilities of suicide prevention and follow-up care (author's transl)].

PMID- 161928
TI  - [Tuberculosis today (author's transl)].

PMID- 161929
TI  - [Rehabilitation in the workshop for the disabled (author's transl)].

PMID- 161930
TI  - [On the problem of "primary" addiction to tilidine (Valoron and Valoron N)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 161931
TI  - [Development of the incidence of extractions, caries and fillings of teeth from
      1959 to 1978 (author's transl)].

PMID- 161932
TI  - [A new device for humane rat control].

PMID- 161933
TI  - Sex-related differences in the response of fast and slow muscle fibres to early
      undernutrition.
AB  - Early undernutrition of male and female rats was effected by limiting the
      mothers' food supply by 40% during pregnancy and lactation. The rats were killed
      at the age of 20 weeks and physiologically fast and slow skeletal muscles were
      prepared for histochemical demonstration of muscle fibre types. In the fast
      extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the slow soleus (SOL) significant decreases
      in muscle weight were seen only in male experimental animals. Decreases in muscle
      fibre type cross-sectional area were found in the EDL in both males and females.
      In SOL, both fibre types showed evidence of fibre hypertrophy, and this was
      statistically significant in male animals. No changes were seen in the
      proportions present of the fibre types in either of the muscles.

PMID- 161934
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on avian muscle spindles evidence of three
      intrafusal fibre types.

PMID- 161936
TI  - [Hippocratic theory on 7-month children by Galen and Tabit ibn Qurra].

PMID- 161935
TI  - Toxicity of oxythioquinox in relation to the fat content of the diet: study of
      the metabolic activity of rat intestinal epithelium.
AB  - The relationship between the level of lipid calories in the diet and the effects
      of oxythioquinox, administered for 30 days at 200 mg/kg fresh food, was studied
      on the metabolism of enterocytes. The results show that the QO2, the QG and the
      QL of the enterocytes drop both, with the level of lipid intake and with the
      presence of oxythioquinox. The (Na+ + K+) ATPase, Mg+ +ATPase and arylamidase
      activities of a homogenate of enterocytes all increase both with the level of
      alimentary lipids and with the presence of oxythioquinox, the effect of
      oxythioquinox being potentialized by the lipids. Alkaline phosphatase was found
      to be the only enzyme to be inhibited in the treated animals and the lipid
      oxythioquinox interaction moves in the direction of a decrease in this
      inhibition. For most of the investigated parameters, because of the interaction,
      as the level of lipid calories increases, the toxicity of oxythioquinox becomes
      noticeably modified.

PMID- 161937
TI  - [Medical reform thinking and arabism in 16th century Germany].

PMID- 161938
TI  - Medical manuscripts found in Han Tomb No. 3 at Ma-wang-tui.

PMID- 161939
TI  - The rubber dam in pediatric dentistry.

PMID- 161940
TI  - [New aspects of therapy with oral antidiabetic agents].

PMID- 161941
TI  - [Recommendations for documentation to cover citizens of advanced age suspectible
      to specific medical and social risks (author's transl)].

PMID- 161942
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound of a very large heart (author's transl)].
AB  - Ultrasound diagnosis enabled identification of a congenitally very large heart.
      Due to this finding, no obstetric intervention was performed despite a foetal
      emergency situation. Hence, unnecessary surgery was avoided. The principal signs
      enabling clarification of the case by ultrasound were a vena umbilicalis of 2 cm
      thickness and the highly dilated heart which occupied 75% of the cross-sectional
      area of the thorax, besides the clinical clues, hydramnion and hydrops fetus.

PMID- 161944
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of lumbago].

PMID- 161943
TI  - [Metabolic status of the liver following resection].

PMID- 161945
TI  - [Metabolism of erythrocyte organic phosphates in diabetes mellitus with special
      reference to its vascular complication (author's transl)].

PMID- 161946
TI  - [Hemodynamic guidelines in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction by means
      of vasodilators].
AB  - Two types of vasodilators are used for treatment of acute myocardial infarction:
      Nitrates on the one hand with predominant venodilation and agents like
      Phentolamie and Nitroprusside on the other hand with venodilation as well as
      arteriolar vasodilation. Different opinions exist with respect to indication of
      these vasodilators. They are used for reduction of arterial blood pressure, for
      reduction of left ventricular filling pressure and for increase of cardiac
      output. A marked decrease in ejection fraction is the hemodynamic basis of
      application of vasodilators in the latter indication. By reduction of peripheral
      vascular resistance emptying of the left ventricle in these patients is
      enhanced.) As a working hypothesis in clinical situation elevated filling
      pressure indicates a decreased ejection fraction. The first part of this
      investigation deals with relation of left ventricular and diastolic pressure to
      ejection fraction. A good correlation between these two parameters was found in
      717 patients with coronary artery disease. However variability was so wide that
      regression from enddiastolic pressure to ejection fraction in the individual
      seemed impossible. In 26.6% of patients with ejection fraction over 0.6%, filling
      pressure was 20 mm Hg or more. On the other hand, in 34.7% of patients with
      ejection fraction below 0.3% filling pressure was 20 mm Hg or less. As a
      consequence of practical value, reduced ejection fraction has to be assumed, if a
      patient presents elevated filling pressure and reduced cardiac output. In the
      second part, the hemodynamic effects of Phentolamine in 12 patients with acute
      myocardial infarction and elevated filling pressure (PCV resp. PADP greater than
      18 mm Hg) are described. Maximal effects on hemodynamic variables were: reduction
      of peripheral vascular resistance by 31.4%, of left ventricular filling pressure
      by 16.2%, and of mean arterial pressure by 17.0%. Cardiac output increased by
      25.8% and heart rate rose by 14.8%. At optimal efficacy, stroke volume increased
      by 23.7%. Further increase of infusion rate with concomitant fall of peripheral
      vascular resistance resulted in decrease of stroke volume and tachycardia. Most
      serious side effects consisted in sudden fall of blood pressure. Therefore
      intraarterial monitoring of blood pressure is demanded. The third part deals with
      hemodynamic effects of nitrates (Isosorbiddinitrate 10 mg p.o.) in patients with
      acute myocardial infarction and elevated filling pressure. One hour after
      application peripheral vascular resistance decrease by 16.5%, filling pressure by
      20.8%, and mean arterial pressure by 9.0%. Cardiac output  stroke volume and
      heart rate did not change significantly. No side effects were observed with
      Isosorbiddinitrate although two cases of nitrate syncope occurred with
      Nitroglycerin, resulting in bradycardia and hypotension. Indications for
      vasodilator therapy therefore has to be handled as follows: Nitrates should be
      given to patients with elevated filling pressure and normal cardiac output...

PMID- 161947
TI  - Suppressor cell induction and reticuloendothelial cells activation produced in
      the mouse by beta 1-3 glucan.
AB  - We made a sequential study of the proliferative and functional changes occurring
      in RE cells after beta 1-3 glucan administration in BDF1, and C57BL mouse. beta 1
      3 glucan was administered by single i.v. 50 mg/kg or i.p. 15 mg/kg injection.
      This successively induced changes in RE cells as follows: on day 3 a rise of acid
      phosphatase activity in peritoneal macrophages; on day 6 an increase of 3H-TdR
      incorporation in spleen and peritoneal lymphocytes together with an intense
      suppression of PHA and LPS responses by spleen cells; on day 10 a 5-fold increase
      of the percentage of peroxidase rich monocytes in the peritoneum. Thereafter all
      the values went back to or below control. Our results indicate that beta 1-3
      glucan is an in vivo mitogen and a macrophage activator.

PMID- 161948
TI  - [Investigation of house-dust allergy in children (author's transl)].
AB  - Authors were studying the relationship between the history data, the diagnostic
      difficulties, the skin tests and ventilatory functions after provocative
      inhalation and specific IgE positivity in connection with 40 cases of bronchial
      asthma. The most important feature of the treatment is the specific
      hyposensibilisation, which was performed by a depot house-dust preparation,
      manufactured by the Vaccine Producing Institute "Human", Budapest. Full success
      was given in 61,1% of the treated asthmatics.

PMID- 161949
TI  - [Intracutaneous tests with phytohemagglutinin for detection of cell-mediated
      immunity (author's transl)].
AB  - Patients with various forms of dermatosis and healthy control subjects were
      simultaneously tested intracutaneously with specific antigens (candidin,
      trichophytin, kabikinase, tuberculin and the mumps skin test antigen) and the non
      specificmitogen PHA-P. A positive delayed reaction was observed in 98% of the
      healthy subjects and 76,6% of the dermatosis patients following intracutaneous
      application of 2 microgram PHA-P.--The results of these studies suggest that the
      PHA-P intracutaneous test might be suitable as a screening method for diagnozing
      cellular immun-defects.

PMID- 161950
TI  - [On the suitability of migration inhibition techniques in the in-vitro
      diagnostics of chromium allergy (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. Under the conditions of cell culture potassium dichromate is reduced to
      trivalent chromium (diphenylcarbacid/fotometry). Trivalent chromium reacts with
      proteins more strongly than the hexavalent chromium (gelchromatography/atom
      absorption spectrophotometry) and presumably represents the actual hapten. 2.
      Because of this in-vitro-conjugation chromium salts are suitable in their
      unconjugated form for applying in migration inhibition tests (capillary/Clausen
      technique). 3. In migration inhibition tests potassium dichromate showed a better
      antigenicity than chromium chloride. The capillary method was more sensitive than
      the Clausen technique when using the same test concentration. 4. Correlations
      between the degree of the patch test and the value of the migration inhibition
      did not exist.

PMID- 161952
TI  - An investigation of seven enzymes as possible genetic markers in horse
      leucocytes.
AB  - In this paper we describe seven enzymes, NP, GOTM, PGM2, alpha FUC, PEP A, ADA
      and MPI which are found in the white cells of horses, including 39 British
      crossbred ponies and 16 crossbred horses, 30 Mongolian ponies and 10 Icelandic
      ponies. Two of these enzymes--alpha FUC and MPI--were polymorphic in all the
      populations of horses studied and could prove useful as additional markers in the
      paternity testing of horses. PEP A and GOTM were also polymorphic in two of the
      populations studied and could be used as further markers in these populations.

PMID- 161951
TI  - [Acute keratoconus in mongolism (author s transl)].
AB  - Ten cases of mongolism are reported in which acute keratoconus developed. The
      results according to age and sex distribution, onset of the disease, status of
      the fellow eye, and histology of the cornea are compared with former reports. Our
      theory of the etiopathogenesis of acute keratoconus in patients with trisomy 21
      and other diseases with generalized weakness of the connective tissue is
      presented and discussed.

PMID- 161953
TI  - Geographical variation of lactate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase in the
      loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.
AB  - One of the two loci controlling muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was shown to
      be polymorphic in the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. The result of the survey
      on four populations suggests that the differences in the LDH gene frequencies are
      correlated with the geographical distribution of the loach. A fourth
      phosphoglucomutase allele (PGMD) was found in one of the loach populations
      examined.

PMID- 161954
TI  - The Seveso accident: its nature, extent and consequences.

PMID- 161956
TI  - [Fusarium graminearum in silages. Zearalenone production (author's transl)].
AB  - Zearalenone natural contamination of transverse sections of recently opened
      silages has been observed. In our in vitro experiments, there is no zearalenone
      production on corn by Fusarium graminearum in anaerobic jar during 3 months.
      However, on confined atmosphere, zearalenone production is 1.5 to 3 ppm.
      Contamination of silage is not possible if there are anaerobic conditions in
      silages.

PMID- 161955
TI  - [Pachydermatoglyphy. A sign of malignancy for acanthosis nigricans (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The pachydermatoglyphy corresponds from the clinical point of view to a diffuse
      palmo-plantar keratodermia, of a yellowish color, characterised by a rough
      thickening of the finger prints. The presence of the pachydermatoglyphy has been
      pointed out in six cases of malignant acanthosis nigricans. This was already
      found in previous descriptions. Pachydermatoglyphy is specially found in
      malignant acanthosis nigricans, but we have also observed such cases in
      erythrokeratodermia with pilar keratosis and deafness.

PMID- 161957
TI  - [The trunk, the elephant's hand. Study of its prehensile and tactile nerve
      endings].

PMID- 161959
TI  - [Changes of the some histochemical reactions in the white rat liver, kidney and
      lungs in the course of acute dimethylformamide toxicity (author's transl)].

PMID- 161958
TI  - [In vitro studies of testicular biosynthesis in 4 cases of male
      pseudohermaphrodism (MPH) due to testicular 17 ketoreductase defect (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In 3 cases of MPH due to 17-ketosteroid reductase defect, the pattern of
      testicular biosynthesis studied after incubating homogenates of testicular tissue
      with 14C-Progesterone and 3H-Pregnenolone was very similar. The most striking
      finding was the excessive production of delta 4-Androstenedione contrasting with
      the small amount of testosterone formed. Conversion of DHA to delta 5
      Androstenediol was also limited. In addition, 3 pairs of substrates, namely 14C
      testosterone and 3H-delta 4-androstenedione; 14C-estradiol and 3H-estrone; 14C
      delta 5-androstenediol and 3H-DHA, were incubated for various length of time.
      Homogenates of testicular tissue from 2 cases presenting with the biosynthetic
      defect were studied as to compare to testicular tissues from 2 subjects with
      normal testicular biosynthesis. Different degrees in the impairment of the
      reduction or the oxydation were observed for the different pairs of substrates in
      pathological as well as in normal tissues. This suggests that the extent of the
      enzyme defect would differ for the 3 pairs of substrates.

PMID- 161960
TI  - [Histochemical investigations on the influence of an atherosclerosis creating
      diet and the exclusion of the distal part of the small intestine in dogs on the
      enzymatic reactions of the small intestine, kidneys and adrenal glands (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161961
TI  - [Experimental studies of the small intestine mucosa after an oral administration
      of Piascledine (author's transl)].

PMID- 161962
TI  - [The influence of Salbutamol on the morphological and histochemical picture of
      the liver (author's transl)].

PMID- 161963
TI  - [Effect of Astmopent on the histochemical reactions in the liver (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 161965
TI  - [Chronic osteoarticular pathology and school attendance].

PMID- 161964
TI  - [School attendance in special centers].

PMID- 161966
TI  - [Echocardiography: III--Myocardiopathies].

PMID- 161967
TI  - Cytotoxic and proliferative lymphocyte responses to allogeneic and xenogeneic
      antigens in vitro.
AB  - In vitro lymphoproliferative responses to foreign histocompatibility antigens are
      phylogenetically restricted. Responses occur most readily to allogeneic or
      closely related xenogeneic leucocytes, but not to unrelated xenogeneic cells.
      Specific cytotoxic T cell responses to foreign histocompatibility antigens show
      the same phylogenetic restriction. This lack of xenoreactivity is not due to a
      lack of precursor cells for the xenoantigens; guinea-pig lymphocytes, although
      normally unresponsive to mouse antigens, have a similar precursor frequency for
      these antigens as do lymphocytes of allogeneic mouse strains. Specific cytotoxic
      responses of guinea-pig lymphocytes to mouse antigens can be generated if a
      factor released from con A stimulated guinea-pig spleen cells is added to the
      culture medium. The factor produced by con A-activated spleen cells (CS) is also
      phylogenetically restricted in its action; CS must be obtained from animals
      homologous with the donor of the responding lymphocytes.

PMID- 161968
TI  - [Cardiac involvement in Cooley's disease: study of 11 patients in the post
      pediatric age].

PMID- 161969
TI  - [Cardiac involvement in Cooley's anemia: beginning of a follow-up].

PMID- 161970
TI  - [Cardiological findings, transfusional regimen, hepatic biopsy and splenectomy in
      16 thalassemic patients in the post-pediatric age].

PMID- 161971
TI  - [Value of echocardiographic studies in evaluation of left ventricular
      hypertrophy].

PMID- 161972
TI  - Pain in the lower back.

PMID- 161973
TI  - A restraining device for panoramic radiography of handicapped children.

PMID- 161974
TI  - [DNA sequence encoding the signal peptide of the lambda receptor in E. coli K
      12].
AB  - A 181 base pairs DNA fragment from E. coli K 12 has been sequenced. This allows
      determination of the sequence of the signal peptide of the precursor for the
      lambda receptor, an outer membrane protein.

PMID- 161975
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity in the dog in relation to disease: a review.

PMID- 161977
TI  - Unique training in developmental disabilities for senior dental hygiene students.

PMID- 161976
TI  - [Reconstruction of abdominal wall defects using corium. Surgical procedure,
      clinical results and manometric examination of postoperative abdominal wall
      function].
AB  - Extensive resection of the abdominal wall was performed on six patients to
      reconstruct defects caused by tumors or necroses. Autologous dermis covered by a
      flap plasty produced good clinical and functional results, documented by the
      measurement of intraabdominal pressures in response to coughing, pressing, and
      lifting of the legs. The autologous dermis graft represents a valuable tool for
      the closure of large defects of the abdominal wall.

PMID- 161978
TI  - A toothbrushing program for trainable mentally retarded school children.

PMID- 161979
TI  - Nonelectrophoretic genetic variability in mosquitoes: polymorphism for
      temperature-resistant and temperature-sensitive phosphoglucomutase alleles in
      Culex pipiens.
AB  - Homogenates of single individuals of two natural populations and five laboratory
      populations of Culex pipiens were examined by combining electrophoresis and heat
      denaturation studies on phosphoglucomutase (PGM). All populations showed a high
      degree of polymorphism for isoelectrophoretic temperature-resistant (tr) and
      temperature-sensitive (ts) alleles. Formal genetic data on the heat stability
      differences of the PGM are given. If both electrophoretic and isoelectrophoretic
      alleles are taken into account, the mean increase in the degree of heterozygosity
      is quite remarkable, i.e., about 65%.--The data are considered in relation to the
      biological significance that this new type of variability of structural genes
      could have in natural populations.

PMID- 161980
TI  - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of genital adenomyosis].

PMID- 161981
TI  - Induction & modulation of myosin ATPase of the skeletal muscle of rats of various
      ages.

PMID- 161982
TI  - [An attempt at plaque formation and caries induction in rodents by oral
      administration of extracellular glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans].

PMID- 161983
TI  - [The indications for laparoscopy in malignant tumours of the ovary (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The diagnosis of a malignant ovarian tumour can be made laparoscopically. It is
      particularly indicated in cases of ascites occurring by itself due to a neoplasm
      or of undiagnosed origin, and in cases of infiltration of the pelvic nodes or
      when a small abdominal mass, whether it is isolated or associated with ascites,
      is found. This particularly of value when a cytological examination of the
      ascitic fluid does not indicate the diagnosis. Laparoscopy is a means by which
      the degree of spread of abdomino-pelvic lesions can be discerned in cases where
      the malignant nature of the ovary is known, but where the prognoses for its
      removal, either immediately or after several cures with chemotherapy, are
      doubtful and where the degree of spread has not been correctly and precisely
      determined at the first surgical intervention. Therefore laparoscopy can complete
      the information obtained from pelvic examinations and avoid the need for carrying
      out an exploratory laparotomy, but is gives less information than this latter
      does about the degree of spread in the pelvis and in the abdomen. So, laparoscopy
      is a means by which repeated control of the results of therapy which is more
      thorough than clinical examination can be assured, particularly because it acts
      as a check on peritoneal cytology. Although its interpretation can be very
      difficult and its reliability is a relative one, the latter is a good criterion
      of follow-up.

PMID- 161984
TI  - [Prevention of recurring adhesions after tuboplasty. II. Importance of grafts
      with free pezitoneum (author's transl)].
AB  - We have greatly improved in prevention of adhesions after tuboplasty, using
      peritoneal grafts on crude surfaces (28 cases off 92 tuboplasties). First results
      seem to confirm the interest of this method.

PMID- 161985
TI  - Mouth-controlled devices to assist the handicapped.

PMID- 161986
TI  - Pediatric-pedodontic interaction in the hospital setting.

PMID- 161987
TI  - Juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis): a review of the literature.

PMID- 161988
TI  - The effects of tobacco smoking on periodontal tissues.

PMID- 161989
TI  - Immunobiologic factors in the pathogenesis of renal infection.

PMID- 161990
TI  - The significance of human chromosome abnormalities in Singapore.

PMID- 161991
TI  - A review of work on artificial tendons.
AB  - Work done to date on artificial tendons by many authors is described in
      chronological order. A brief description of the techniques and materials is given
      in each case, with a summary of the results. The overall implications of the work
      are discussed in terms of prosthesis durability, the attachment to bone and
      tendon, mechanical properties and the volume of scar tissue generated. It is
      concluded that construction of a permanent artificial tendon is a realistic and
      worthwhile aim; further experimental work ought to include long term in vivo
      testing with means provided for monitoring any drift of the attachment points.

PMID- 161992
TI  - A comparison of palantype and stenograph for use in a speech transcription aid
      for the deaf.
AB  - In spite of considerable reasearch over many years in the field of automatic
      speech recognition (Underwood, 1977), practical devices capable of recognising
      unrestricted speech remain as science fiction rather than fact. Simultaneous
      display of speech as an aid for the deaf has however, been accomplished using
      manual data input devices (Newell and King, 1977; Newell, 1978; Downton and
      Newell; Fox et al, 1975; Hayward, 1978). In this application shorthand typing
      machines have been used, because only they can keep pace with speech (Seibel,
      1964). Two possible machines are currently available for English Transcriptions;
      the Palantype (a British device) and the Stenograph (an American device). They
      are both based on the same fundamental principles, but differ mechanically and in
      the typing conventions they use. These differences suggest that one machine may
      be superior to the other as an input device for an aid for the deaf. This paper
      compares the two shorthand systems with a view to their potential use in a system
      providing a simultaneous transcript of speech for the deaf.

PMID- 161993
TI  - A high-affinity ATP-binding site on 30S dynein.
AB  - The enhancing effect of low concentrations (eg, 8 microM) of bis(4-fluoro-3
      nitrophenyl)sulfone (FNS) on 30S dynein ATPase activity is increased when 1 mM
      dithiothreitol (DTT) is present. The effect of FNS + DTT is optimal at pH 7.5.
      Activation of the latent ATPase activity of 30S dynein by FNS + DTT is partially
      prevented by 1--3 microM ATP. Adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) is less
      effective than ATP, while beta, gamma-methylene-adenosine triphosphase (AMP-PCP),
      though a much stronger inhibitor of ATPase activity than AMP-PNP, does not
      protect against enhancement. These results demonstrate the presence of high
      affinity ATP-binding site on 30S dynein.

PMID- 161994
TI  - Skin and nail mycoses: treatment with ketoconazole, a new oral antimycotic agent.

PMID- 161995
TI  - [Effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis on myocardial hypertrophy caused by
      acute hypobaric hypoxia in rats].

PMID- 161996
TI  - [The cell and shock].

PMID- 161997
TI  - [2 cases of substitution of the portal vein with a dacron prosthesis during
      pancreatectomy for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas].
AB  - The Authors report their experience concerning two cases of pancreatic carcinoma
      in which growth involvement of retropancreatic venous peduncle required the
      removal of a tract 6 and 8 cm long of the mesenteric-portal axis and its
      replacement with knitted dacron graft. The first patient died 8 months later due
      to massive pulmonar and hepatic metastases. The second patient died in the early
      post-operative course due to septic shock and dacron graft did not show any
      evidence of lumen obstruction at post-mortem examination. In spite of the lack of
      controlled clinical trials which provide a well defined method of staging for
      carcinoma of the pancreas, the authors' experience shows the possibility of
      extending radical resections also to cases which usually are considered
      unresectable and in absence of politetrafluoroethylene graft also with the use of
      interposed knitted dacron graft good results can be achieved.

PMID- 161998
TI  - [Dental epidemiologic studies on the handicapped children. Part I. Physical
      development and dental caries (author's transl)].

PMID- 161999
TI  - [46,XX21p-/46XX,i(21q) chromosomal pattern: a rare formula in Down's syndrome].

PMID- 162000
TI  - [Trisomy 21 due to segregation 3:1].

PMID- 162001
TI  - [Cardiopathy in Down's syndrome].

PMID- 162002
TI  - Angiocardiographic and haemodynamic studies in chronic haemodialysis patients
      with cardiomegaly.
AB  - Twenty-one chronic haemodialysis patients with cardiomegaly and repeated episodes
      of heart failure were selected for left ventricular cineangiography and
      haemodynamic studies. Left ventricular end-diastolic (LVED) volume was augmented
      in eleven, LVED pressure increased in fourteen, and ejection fraction decreased
      in nine patients. A decrease of maximum velocity of myocardial fibre shortening
      was observed in fifteen, and of normalised ventricular rigidity index in eleven.
      Many patients had diminished cardiac performance in the absence of demonstrable
      coronary heart disease, hypertension, or chronic volume overload. The diagnosis
      of congestive cardiomyopathy of unknown aetiology, possibly related to uraemia,
      was reached in ten patients.

PMID- 162003
TI  - Detection of memory cells by chemical modification of the lymphocyte cell
      surface.
AB  - Stringent alloantigen requirements, necessary for the differentiation of human
      memory cells into specific secondary cytolytic T cells (2 degrees CTL), can be
      bypassed by chemical modification of memory cells with the mitogenic oxidising
      agent, galactose oxidase. Treatment of memory cells generated in a long-term
      primary mixed lymphocyte culture with neuraminidase and galactose oxidase (NAGO)
      results in the differentiation of memory cells into 2 degrees CTL. In contrast,
      treatment of unprimed cells with NAGO does not result in CTL production despite
      the proliferation resulting from such treatment.

PMID- 162004
TI  - Donor specific suppressor cells in association with rejection of a renal
      allograft.
AB  - Details are presented of three aspects of immunological monitoring in a single
      instance of severe irreversible rejection of a renal allograft. Rejection is
      associated with strong evidence of lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity (LMC). During
      this period reduced responsiveness of recipient cells to stimulation in vitro by
      donor cells is observed; this is more reduced than is responsiveness to random
      cells. Donor-specific suppressor cells also develop, as detected in two systems.
      It is postulated that the data are evidence that competition exists between
      different agressive and suppressive subpopulation of recipient lymphocytes.

PMID- 162005
TI  - Plasma exchange in immune complex disease.
AB  - The effect of plasma exchange on CIC, anti-dsDNA and complement levels and
      clinical activity was studied in eight patients with SLE, one with idiopathic
      anaphylactoid purpura and one with mixed cryoglobulinaemia. No association
      existed between different tests for immune complex detection. Plasma exchange as
      sole therapy was effective in patients with idiopathic anaphylactoid purpura and
      mixed cryoglobulinaemia, but not in one SLE patient with CIC. Five SLE patients
      with CIC treated with corticosteroids showed improvement on plasma exchange but
      in two patients with and two with CIC plasma exchange was not effective.

PMID- 162006
TI  - Pathogenetic role of mesangial immune deposits.
AB  - This investigation was designed to clarify the pathogenetic role of immune
      complexes within the mesangium. We administered a ferritin-protein antigen to
      rats which localised and persisted within the mesangium. Subsequently
      administration of anti-ferritin antibody resulted in binding of antibody to the
      mesangially located antigen. The effect of this immune complex formed in situ was
      studied in long-term experiments and no evidence of glomerular impairment was
      seen. These results lend support to the view that an immunological process,
      confined to the mesangium, may not necessarily compromise renal function.

PMID- 162007
TI  - [Laparoscopy as a coadjuvant method in gynecological clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 162008
TI  - [Surgical sterilization by laparoscopy with a Yoon ring].

PMID- 162009
TI  - [Laparoscopy].

PMID- 162010
TI  - [Genetic prenatal diagnosis].

PMID- 162011
TI  - [Bronchiectasis and definitive assisted ventilation (author's transl)].
AB  - A 39 year old female with severe respiratory insufficiency by bronchiectasis is
      treated by assisted ventilation at home. Indication is discussed.

PMID- 162012
TI  - [Ruptured omphalocele: treatment with dura mater prosthesis].

PMID- 162013
TI  - Dentistry for the mentally retarded patient in South Carolina.

PMID- 162014
TI  - [Basic muscle morphology-muscle fibers and other factors of importance for muscle
      functional properties].

PMID- 162015
TI  - Blood flow measurement using the attenuation-compensated volume flowmeter.

PMID- 162016
TI  - [Pathomorphological changes in the estrogenic syndrome of swine].
AB  - Epizootic, clinical and pathomorphological investigations were carried out on
      spontaneously arising oestrogen syndrome in swine following feeding with fodder
      mixture containing 35-63% maize in which the oestrogen substance z-2 (zearalenon)
      was found. Clinical symptoms and pathomorphological changes observed in the
      course of the disease are described. Varying in extent edematous processes were
      present in the regions around the anus, vulva, prepucium and the mammal complex.
      Uteruses were twice or thrice enlarged. Varying in size (pea grain to pigeon egg)
      cystose formations, sclerotic and atrophic changes were found in the ovaries of
      swine, which had suffered from vulvo-edema and were slaughtered after three
      months because they could not come in heat. Degenerative changes of the
      parenchymal organs, blood vessel disturbances in the uterine wall and various
      degenerative, atrophic and cystose changes in the ovarian folicules were
      histologically observed.

PMID- 162018
TI  - [Determination of flow capacity in valves for ventriculo-auricular drainage].
AB  - In model experiments both of the customary valves for ventriculo-auricular
      draining (Spitz-Holter valve and Pudenz-Heyer valve) are tried. Aperient
      pressures as well as flow amounts in relation to given pressure values are
      determined and plotted. In long-term examination for 1 year both kinds of valves
      exhibit irregular flow capacities, that have no significant tendency in the Spitz
      Holter valve, whereas the flow through the Pudenz-Heyer valve is more and more
      diminished during the course of time.

PMID- 162019
TI  - [The state of transplantation immunology from an experimental viewpoint].

PMID- 162017
TI  - [The determination, secretion and plasma concentration of androgens].
AB  - The present state of modern methods for the determination and some data for
      secretion and plasma levels of the principal circulating androgens (testosterone,
      dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol, androstenedione and
      dehydroepiandrosterone) in men and women under normal and pathological conditions
      are described.

PMID- 162022
TI  - [Planning and realization of denture framework in accordance with new knowledge].

PMID- 162021
TI  - [Late results of patients with amputation of the thigh (author's transl)].
AB  - 111 patients with amputation of the thigh of the last world war were examined.
      Besides the complaints in their thigh they suffered mostly from low back pain and
      osteoarthritis in the knee of the other leg. For a medical report it is important
      to decide whether the low back pain comes from lumbar disc disease or from
      secondary scoliosis of the lumbar spine which is caused by the amputation.
      Secondary changes in the spine and in the other leg can also be expected when a
      lower limb is heavily injured.

PMID- 162020
TI  - Histoenzymatic changes in the dog kidney in an experimentally induced crushing
      injury of the thorax.
AB  - The experiments were carried out on dogs. Experimental animals were subjected to
      the trauma of the thorax during operation. The localization and activity of
      succinic dehydrogenase, NADH2-tetrazole reductase, adenosine triphosphatase,
      alkaline and acid phosphates in the kidneys were examined. An increase of the
      activity of all the investigated enzymes takes place under the influence of the
      stress. On the basis of the investigations it can be supposed that the processes
      of oxygen phosphorylation and active transport are intensified. An increase of
      the activity of acid phosphates gives evidence of the intensity of phagocytosis
      and pinocytosis processes in the kidney.

PMID- 162023
TI  - [First findings with SR-Isosit-PE crown and bridge material].

PMID- 162024
TI  - Effect of in vivo and in vitro application of glucagon, insulin and epinephrine
      on Ca++-transport properties of liver mitochondria.
AB  - In vivo administration of glucagon, insulin or epinephrine, respectively, gives
      rise to an increase of Ca++-retention time as well as of the Ca++-uptake rate in
      subsequently isolated rat liver mitochondria. Whereas the changes of Ca++
      transport properties after pretreatment with glucagon or epinephrine occur
      already 6--15 min after their administration, the effect of insulin is observed
      not earlier than 30 min after its application. Under diabetic and starving
      conditions the Ca++-retention time of isolated liver mitochondria is prolonged,
      whereas no alteration of the uptake rate occurs. Since alloxan as well as
      streptozotocin induced qualitatively similar changes, a specific action of
      alloxan on liver mitochondria can be ruled out. Application of insulin 60--90 min
      prior to decapitation normalizes the changes of mitochondrial Ca++-transport
      observed under chronic alloxan diabetic conditions. Cycloheximide abolishes the
      prolongation of Ca++-retention in mitochondria from alloxan diabetic rats, but
      has no influence on the changes induced by glucagon pretreatment.

PMID- 162025
TI  - Competition between extramitochondrial and intramitochondrial ATP-consuming
      processes.
AB  - The relationship between intra- and extramitochondrial ATP utilization was
      investigated in liver mitochondria isolated from normally fed, starved and high
      protein fed rats. ATP export was provoked by adding a hexokinase-glucose-trap and
      intramitochondrial ATP consumption by adding ammonia, bicarbonate and ornithine
      in order to stimulate citrulline synthesis. Both processes compete for ATP
      produced via oxidative phosphorylation; the rate of citrulline formation declines
      as the extramitochondrial [ATP]/[ADP] ratio decreases. It is concluded that ATP
      for adenine nucleotide translocation and that for carbamoyl phosphate synthesis
      are delivered from a common intramitochondrial pool of adenine nucleotides. In
      mitochondria from rats with a high-protein diet, citrulline synthesis greatly
      stimulates the rate of oxidative phosphorylation (about two thirds of state 3
      respiration). Under these conditions the intramitochondrial [ATP]/[ADP] ratio is
      significantly reduced. The intramitochondrial [ATP]/[ADP] ratio is not in
      thermodynamic equilibrium with the extramitochondrial one.

PMID- 162026
TI  - Muscle spindles in the human anterior digastric muscle.
AB  - The occurrence of muscle spindles in the anterior digastric muscle in man was
      investigated and the fibre calibre spectrum of the corresponding nerve was
      determined. After removal at autopsy from five individuals of both sexes (aged 23
      -73), the muscles were stained with Weigert's iron hematoxylin-van Gieson stain
      and the nerves according to the Alzheimer - Mann - Haggqvist method. Altogether
      12 spindles were found in five out of ten muscles. Only muscles from one
      individual were devoid of spindles. This sparsity or absence was supported by
      analyses of fibre calibre spectra. The small number of spindles and the fact that
      they do not occur in all muscles or in all individuals, suggest that they are not
      an essential source of sensory information.

PMID- 162027
TI  - [The influence of climatic treatment on the levels of complement and some
      lysosomal enzymes in serum of patients with asthma bronchiale (author's transl)].
AB  - It was found that the levels of CH50, C3, complement component. lysozyme, beta-D
      glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase were increased in blood serum of patients
      with asthma bronchiale during a climatic treatment in the highmountain condition
      of Strbske Pleso (altitude 1,350 m). The increase of CH50 was monophasic, while
      the changes of other factors were biphasic--increasing at the beginning and
      falling down to the starting values at the end of the treatment. The changes
      observed are a part of the adaptation of organism to the high-mountain condition.

PMID- 162028
TI  - [Cross reaction of specific IgE antibodies directed against cow's milk and bovine
      hair (author's transl)].
AB  - Sera of 25 children living in town were examined by means of RAST on the presence
      of IgE antibody against milk and cow's hair antigens. 18 cases had IgE antibodies
      reacting with milk and 9 with cow's hair. There was correlation between the
      levels of these antibodies with the exception of two cases. The results give
      evidence that half of the asthmatic children allergic to milk will react with
      bronchospasm in the cases if they ar exposed to inhalation of cow's hair.

PMID- 162029
TI  - [E-rosette formation after liver transplantation (author's transl)].
AB  - In 1 patient with orthotopic liver transplantation E-rosette formation was
      investigated during a period of 16 months. The patient showed an average rate of
      rosette formation comparable to this of controls. Increased or decreased rates
      were connected to crises--cholangitis and rejection--in clinical currency.

PMID- 162030
TI  - [Examination of lymphokines in patients with hemodialysis (author's transl)].
AB  - The activity of LIF after Con A stimulation was examined in patients with
      hemodialysis and chronic uremia. It was found that LIF activity is reduced in
      uremia compared with healthy controls. The absolute number of T lymphocytes was
      reduced as well as the number of active E rosettes. An inhibitory effect was
      found in vitro by isolated middle molecules from uremic serum and ultrafiltrate.
      The LIF production of normal lymphocytes and the number of active rosettes are
      significantly reduced by substances isolated from serum and ultrafiltrate with
      molecular weight of 1 000 to 1 500 Dalton. The authors think that these uremic
      middle molecules are responsible for the already known reducing of immune
      response by uremia. The uremic substances are dialysable.

PMID- 162031
TI  - [Evaluation of lymphocyte transformation test: relationship between nucleus and
      cell sizes of PHA-stimulated lymphocyes (author's transl)].
AB  - A methodological comparision of evaluation of lymphocyte transformation test is
      described. Three experts examined smear-slides of cells from five lymphocyte
      cultures and the corresponding controls in a blind study. In the morphological
      differentiation of 100 cells per slide in comparison to 1 000 cells per slide it
      was found a good intraindividually but a unsatisfactory interindividually
      correlation. 1 000 cells from stimulated and non-stimulated cultures shows the
      greatest difference for the parameter "total cell size" and the lowest difference
      for the "nucleus plasma relation" by the planimetrically imeasurement.

PMID- 162032
TI  - [Dental treatment of handicapped children under general anesthesia (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162033
TI  - Subtle clues to diagnosis by immunopathology. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis.

PMID- 162034
TI  - ATP-ase activity and lipid content of erythrocytes in treatment of acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia in children.
AB  - In erythrocytes of children with the acute lymphoblastic leukemia the rise in
      total phospholipid content, confined predominantly to lecithin, the decrease of
      cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and the increase of the Mg++-activated ATP-ase
      activity was found prior to treatment. The abnormalities of the lipid composition
      were in general persistent also in remission. The activity of erythrocytes ATP
      ase decreased to normal values after achievement of the reversion of clinical and
      hematological symptoms of the disease. The increase of the enzyme activity may be
      induced by the in vitro incubation of normal erythrocyte with the blood plasma of
      patients in the acute stage of lymphoblastic leukemia but not in remission.

PMID- 162035
TI  - [Caudography with Dimer-X in the diagnosis of lumbar and sciatic pain syndromes
      of orthopedic interest. Report of 100 consecutive examinations].
AB  - It was found that the employment of Dimer-X (methylglucamine jocarmate) as
      contrast medium greatly reduced the frequency of secondary phenomena in 100
      caudographies performed in subjects with lumbar and sciatic pain syndromes of
      orthopaedic interest. Comparison between the clinical, caudographic and surgical
      findings showed how contrastography offered highly accurate information in
      support of the clinical diagnosis of disk compression in case of sufficiently
      severe lumbar and sciatic pain.

PMID- 162036
TI  - Effects of thymidine analogues on murine and human cells.
AB  - Three mouse tumour cell lines grew continuously in 3 micro M 5-bromodeoxyuridine
      (BUdR). One line (MC-2) produced a retrovirus and altered in morphology in the
      presence of BUdR or 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR). These effects, which could be
      reversed by growth in normal medium were similar to those reported for the B-16
      mouse melanoma line. The B-16 line used in this study, however, as well as a
      variety of human cells (six melanoma lines and three fibroblast strains), were
      much more sensitive to BUdR, 0.03-0.1 micro M being the maximum tolerated levels
      for continuous growth. No virus production or changes in morphology were induced
      in these cells by BUdR, deoxyuridine (UdR), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) or
      thymidine (TdR). The results of cell labelling and growth studies showed a
      correlation of incorporation of BUdR into DNA with toxicity. Compared on a
      competitive basis with 1 micro M TdR, the order of incorporation of 1 micro M
      nucleosides by two human cell lines was TdR = BUdR = IUdR greater than UdR
      greater than FUdR. In contrast to previous reports that FUdR is incorporated into
      RNA but not into DNA, half of the FUdR label was found in alkalistable, DNase
      sensitive material. Over 90% of the other compounds was incorporated into DNA.
      All of the UdR and 60% of the IUdR label was incorporated as thymidine; this
      conversion could be inhibited by labelling in the presence of FUdR.

PMID- 162037
TI  - [Effect of insulin on rat-liver isolated plasma membranes].

PMID- 162040
TI  - [A comparative study of acid mucopolysaccharides of paranasal sinus mucous
      membrane in normal and chronic sinusitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 162038
TI  - Mg2+ and ATP effects on K+ activation of the Ca2+-transport ATPase of cardiac
      sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - ATP and the divalent cations Mg2+ and Ca2+ regulated K+ stimulation of the Ca2+
      transport ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Millimolar
      concentrations of total ATP increased the K+-stimulated ATPase activity of the
      Ca2+ pump by two mechanisms. First, ATP chelated free Mg2+ and, at low ionized
      Mg2+ concentrations, K+ was shown to be a potent activator of ATP hydrolysis. In
      the absence of K+ ionized Mg2+ activated the enzyme half-maximally at
      approximately 1 mM, whereas in the presence of K+ the concentration of ionized
      Mg2+ required for half-maximal activation was reduced at least 20-fold. Second
      MgATP apparently interacted directly with the enzyme at a low affinity nucleotide
      site to facilitate K+-stimulation. With a saturating concentration of ionized
      Mg2+, stimulation by K+ was 2-fold, but only when the MgATP concentration was
      greater than 2 mM. Hill plots showed that K+ increased the concentration of MgATP
      required for half-maximal enzymic activation approx. 3-fold. Activation of K+
      stimulated ATPase activity by Ca2+ was maximal at an ionized Ca2+ concentration
      of approx. 1 microM. At very high concentrations of either Ca2+ or Mg2+, basal
      Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity persisted, but the enzymic response to K+ was
      completely inhibited. The results provide further evidence that the Ca2+
      transport ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum has distinct sites for
      monovalent cations, which in turn interact allosterically with other regulatory
      sites on the enzyme.

PMID- 162039
TI  - Collection of Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch emend. Bacht. from Southwest Asia
      studied in the neighborhood of Moscow.
AB  - Wild barley Hordeum spontaneum C. emend. is of interest from several aspects
      (Bakhteev, 1974). It is not only a very near relative of cultivated barley H.
      sativum Jessen, but also a potentially very promising donor for use in
      hybridization. With these facts in mind and, in particular, recalling N. I.
      Vavilov's remarks [on the occasion of publication of R. E. Regel's article "on
      the origin of cultivated barleys" (1917)], appropriate investigations were
      started. In the present case 77 specimens of H. spontaneum, collected by S.
      Sakamoto (Japan) in the countries of South West Asia, were studied with reference
      to several morphological and biological features including winter hardiness.

PMID- 162041
TI  - [Postnatal differentiation of masticatory organs in developing rats. (2) Analysis
      of the postnatal development of the M. masseter superficialis by the ATPase
      activity after pretreatment with K2 EDTA (author's transl)].

PMID- 162042
TI  - [Postnatal differentiation of masticatory organs in developing rats. (3) Effects
      of thyroxine and hydrocortisone on the diameter and the ATPase activity of the M.
      masseter superficialis in developing rats (author's transl)].

PMID- 162044
TI  - [Oral findings in the severly handicapped child (author's transl)].

PMID- 162043
TI  - [Studies on the mechanism of hypertrophic action of hydrocortisone on secretory
      tubules of the mouse submandibular gland. (1) Interaction of hydrocortisone
      acetate with cyproterone acetate (author's transl)].

PMID- 162045
TI  - The effects of methylnitrosourea on the immune system and hematopoietic system of
      adult specific pathogen free cats.
AB  - The effects of a single non-carcinogenic dose of 15 mg/kg methylnitrosourea (MNU)
      on the immune and hematopoietic systems of adult specific-pathogen-free (SPF)
      cats were determined. The cell-mediated-immune (CMI) system was markedly
      suppressed, as evidenced by: (i) Prolonged cutaneous allograft retention time (41
      84 days); (ii) Decreased lymphocyte blast transformation response to mitogens (2%
      of pretreatment response to pokeweed mitogen or concanavalin A) and antigen (12%
      of untreated control cat response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin); (iii) Reduced
      number of absolute erythrocyte-rosetting T-cells in the peripheral blood. This
      immunosuppression lasted at least 3 months, the duration of the experiment.
      Suppression of the hematopoietic system was also noted as evidenced by: (i)
      Peripheral lymphopenia lasting 3 months and neutropenia lasting 3 weeks; (ii)
      Bone marrow hypocellularity lasting 3 weeks; (iii) Hypoplasia of neutrophilic
      precursors lasting 3 weeks and erythroid precursors lasting 4 days. It was
      concluded that a single non-carcinogenic dose of MNU induces a prolonged
      suppression of the CMI system and a brief suppression of hematopoiesis in adult
      SPF cats. The immunosuppression may in part be responsible for the previously
      observed increased susceptibility to feline leukemia virus infection and disease
      of adult SPF cats treated with MNU.

PMID- 162047
TI  - Metallothionein: an exceptional metal thiolate protein.
AB  - Metallothioneins are unusual, low molecular weight proteins of extremely high
      sulphur and metabl content. They occur in substantial quantity and in multiple
      variant forms in parenchymatous tissues (liver, kidney, intestines) of
      vertebrates and certain microorganisms (Neurospora crassa, yeast). They are
      though to play a central role in the cellular metabolism of metals such as zinc,
      copper and cadmium. All mammalian forms studied are single chains with 20
      cysteinyl residues among a total of 61 amino acid residues and highly
      characteristic amino acid sequences. Their most conspicuous common features are
      seven -Cys-X-Cys- sequences where X stands for an alphatic residue other than
      Cys. Together with additional cysteinyl residues located elsewhere in the chain
      and brought into juxtaposition by appropriate chain folding, these dithiol
      sequences are believed to form the basis of the trithiolate chelating structures
      typical of most of the six or seven metal-binding sites of the mammalian cadium-
      and/or zinc-containing metallothioneins. The positions of the cysteinyl residues
      are preserved in evolution: the copper-containing metallothionein from Neurospora
      crassa, containing only 25 amino acid residues, has a distribution of metal
      binding cysteinyl residues identical to that of the N-terminal portion of the
      mammalian chains. The detailed physiological role of metallothionein remains to
      be clarified but its biosynthesis is known to be modulated by nutritional and
      endocrine factors. Recent evidence suggests that metallothionein is a critical
      determinant in the homeostasis of zinc.

PMID- 162046
TI  - [Comparative studies of clinical examination, electrical examination, and
      electromyography (EMG) in 30 patients suffering from lumbar backache (EMG
      examination of the paravertebral muscles)].

PMID- 162049
TI  - First visit: trust or trauma?

PMID- 162048
TI  - Needed: a dual specialty in pedodontics and orthodontics.

PMID- 162050
TI  - Critical review on the methods employed for circulating immune complexes
      detection.

PMID- 162051
TI  - Effect of pp'DDT on hexokinase & ATPase in nervous system of cockroach, frog &
      rat.

PMID- 162052
TI  - Multi-institutional systems: promise and performance.

PMID- 162053
TI  - Multihospital systems: a research perspective.

PMID- 162055
TI  - Financial impact of family practice nurses on medical practice in Canada.

PMID- 162054
TI  - The effect of Medicare carrier practices on physician fees: a national study.

PMID- 162056
TI  - Mobility adjustments for small area utilization studies.

PMID- 162057
TI  - Commentary--on the use of hospital classification models.

PMID- 162058
TI  - Commentary--justification for hospital classification.

PMID- 162059
TI  - Oral health care for the retarded institutional patient: one hospital's
      experience.

PMID- 162060
TI  - Motivational success in pediatric dentistry: a case in point.

PMID- 162061
TI  - The disabled child.

PMID- 162064
TI  - An evaluation of dentistry for children as provided by the Navy in a remote area.

PMID- 162062
TI  - Validity and limitations of echocardiography for the diagnosis of discrete
      subaortic stenosis associated with marked left ventricular muscular hypertrophy.

PMID- 162063
TI  - Dentistry and the hearing-impaired child.

PMID- 162065
TI  - Childhood suicide--interception by the pedodontist.

PMID- 162066
TI  - Chemistry of spectinomycin.

PMID- 162067
TI  - Studies directed toward the total synthesis of antibiotics: (+)-spectinomycin.
AB  - The presence of a dioxaspiro or a fused bicyclic ring system resulting from a
      diastereoselective intramolecular acetalization of keto diol or keto alcohol
      units respectively, is a unique structural feature among a number of biologically
      important natural products. The particular bond arrangement around the ketal
      carbon atom is, in part, a reflection of the preference for anomeric
      stereoselection in nature, either at the site of acetalization or in its
      vicinity. This phenomenon manifests itself in the constitutional structures of
      several ionophores (polyether type), in the antibiotic spectinomycin as well as
      other natural products. Synthetic efforts in this area will be discussed, with
      particular emphasis on spectinomycin as a challenging target.

PMID- 162068
TI  - "Handicapped children.".

PMID- 162069
TI  - Management of severely disabled children.

PMID- 162070
TI  - [Ulcerative contact dermitis caused by premixed concrete (cement burns)].
AB  - Cement dermatitis manifests clinically as a chronic dermatitis of irritative
      character, due to its alkaline nature and as allergic contact dermatitis produced
      by sensitization to chromium and cobalt occurring as trace elements. the present
      report deals with a mason without previous dermatitis, presenting bullae, ulcers
      and necrosis in lower limbs, short time after incidental contact at work, with
      premixed concrete. The clinical manifestations, such as short evolution, clear
      limitation to sites in close contact with concrete, negativity to standard patch
      testing and good prognosis with early treatment, are mentioned. The acute
      irritant nature of the disease is clear, in opposition to the classical
      manifestations of cement dermatitis. The need of studies of the chemical
      properties of this material including pH, alkalinity and the possible roll of
      additives employed, is part of the strategy for prevention of occupational
      dermatitis in the building trade, which should include also, information of
      hazards and proper training in their trade.

PMID- 162072
TI  - Physiotherapy in certain aspects of psychosomatic medicine.
AB  - The author describes a combined approach, called psychomotoric treatment, for
      patients with emotionally conditioned, somatic symptoms, such as headache,
      backache, neck-shoulder-arm pains, postural disorders and inhibited respiration.
      Many of these patients have previously been treated in vain with tranquilizers
      and ordinary physiotherapy. The physiotherapeutic part of the treatment
      (psychomotoric physiotherapy) is based on a comprehensive view of the muscular
      apparatus and functioning as a whole with emphasis on correction of postural
      disorders and liberation of respiration. It should also include close cooperation
      with the doctor, who may be called upon when emotional inhibition impedes further
      progress of the physiotherapy. The main indication area for this treatment is the
      clientele of the general practitioner. Patients with clear psychiatric symptoms
      should be treated only if anchored in a secure psychotherapeutic situation.

PMID- 162071
TI  - [Scleroatrophying and degenerative keratodermic genodermatosis of the
      extremities].
AB  - A case of a picture described by Huriez et al. under the title of scleatrophying
      and keratodermic genodermatosis of the limbs usually degenerative is presented.
      In the genealogic study it was observed that seven out of the sixteen members
      that belonged to this primary family group were affected or probably affected and
      it is stressed that one of them died from metastasis of spinocellular
      epithelioma.

PMID- 162074
TI  - [Extraction of an ectopic intrauterine device by laparoscopy].

PMID- 162073
TI  - [Physico-chemical characteristics of heparin in relation to its anticoagulant and
      anti-hemostatic action].

PMID- 162075
TI  - Myocardial contractility: non-invasive assessment after cardiac surgery.
AB  - The shape of the carotid blood-flow signal in the assessment of myocardial
      contractility is important. The non-invasive electromagnetic method permits the
      measurement of the pulsatile carotid flow rate and thus to estimate the maximum
      blood flow acceleration (max. dF/dt), which is directly related to myocardial
      contractility. The electromagnetic flowmeter method, routinely used in the
      superficial arteries of arteriosclerotic patients, has been modified to record
      the blood flow rate in the carotid artery. Two ECG electrodes on both sides of
      the common carotid artery record the signal given by a small magnet located above
      the electrodes. Using this method, we have studied the effects of isoprenaline
      infusion in a normal subject. In patients after cardiac surgery we measured max.
      dF/dt in the region of the carotid artery and compared changes in it with
      parameters obtained by invasive methods such as the cardiac index, and the
      pulmonary and systemic pressures. The first results of blood flow recordings in
      the ascending aorta are presented here.

PMID- 162076
TI  - [The site of airway obstruction in bronchial asthma and the effect of an
      anticholinergic bronchodilator (SCH 1000) (author's transl)].

PMID- 162079
TI  - [Clinical effect of the restrainer for dental treatment of unmanageable normal
      children (author's transl)].

PMID- 162077
TI  - [Hematological considerations on mucopolysaccharidoes].

PMID- 162078
TI  - [Electromyographic study of sciatica caused by lumbosacral disk hernia. Apropos
      of 40 cases with operative findings].
AB  - The Authors present the electromyographic study of 40 cases of low-back and
      sciatic pain due to lumbar herniation of the intervertebral disk after surgical
      checking. The E.M.G. parameters, which are thought to be more valid in order to
      make a diagnosis of the motor nerve-root  pain and choose the test muscles to be
      examined, are shown here. Following the data of scientific publications, a
      special emphasis is put on the usefulness of the this check-up in order to supply
      important elements for the evaluation of the degree and position of the nerve
      root damage.

PMID- 162080
TI  - Genetic markers and leprosy in South African negroes: Part II. Erythrocyte enzyme
      polymorphisms.
AB  - The phenotype frequencies of the erythrocyte enzyme polymorphisms acid
      phosphatase (aP), phosphoglucomutase loci 1 and 2 (PGM1 and PGM2), adenylate
      kinase (AK), adenosine desaminase (ADA), esterase D (EsD) and 6-phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenase (6-PGD) were determined on a sample of 234-248 South African
      Negroes with leprosy. These results were compared with data of 841--997 healthy
      Negro controls of similar geographical and ethnic origin, in order to determine
      whether or not any association exists between specific phenotypes and the
      manifestation of leprosy. A part of the data included in the present study were
      compared with the data of a similar comparative analysis on Mozambican Negroes.
      With regard to the polymorphisms aP, PGM1 and PGM2, the results derived from
      South Africa and Mozambique exhibit reverse patterns of deviations from the null
      hypothesis. From this it does not appear justified to postulate an association
      between these genetic markers and the occurrence of leprosy. For the enzyme
      polymorphisms ADA, AK and EsD (data are confined to South African Negroes only)
      the distribution of phenotypes between patients and controls was very similar.
      The differences were not statistically significant. However, observations on the
      6-PGD polymorphism (data are confined to South African Negroes only) showed an
      excess of phenotype PGD A among leprosy patients as compared with controls. The
      difference was statistically highly significant. Further studies based on
      additional samples are required to substantiate whether or not the statistical
      outcome reflects a true association between this phenotype and leprosy.

PMID- 162081
TI  - Congenital familial acheiria associated with an interventricular septal defect
      and divarication of the upper abdominal rectus muscles.

PMID- 162082
TI  - [Acne].

PMID- 162084
TI  - [Virological characteristics of influenza A in Leningrad in 1977-1978].

PMID- 162086
TI  - [Organization of mass vaccinal prophylaxis of influenza with inactivated
      chromatographic influenza vaccine in Leningrad].

PMID- 162083
TI  - [Uniqueness of the influenza epidemic situation in Leningrad in 1977-1978].

PMID- 162085
TI  - [Type B influenza in Leningrad].

PMID- 162087
TI  - [Epidemiological effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine according to
      selective contingent observation data].

PMID- 162088
TI  - [Results of a 3-year survey of persons inoculated with inactivated influenza
      vaccine (IIV). I. An evaluation of its reactogenic peoperties, safety and
      epidemiological effectiveness].

PMID- 162089
TI  - [Results of a 3-year survey of persons inoculated with inactivated inflenza
      vaccine (IIV). II. The immunological effectiveness of IIV and its comparison with
      the epidemiological].

PMID- 162090
TI  - Marbode of Rennes' (1035-1123) De lapidibus considered as a medical treatise with
      text, commentary and C.W. King's translation, together with text and translation
      of Marbode's minor works on stones.

PMID- 162091
TI  - [The Hippocratic work "On the Environment" and an unknown Arabic approach to the
      life of Hippocrates].

PMID- 162092
TI  - [Paleopathology in southern Germany. A contribution on methodology in
      paleopathology research].

PMID- 162093
TI  - [Discovery of manuscripts and addenda on the plague poem of Hans Andree].

PMID- 162095
TI  - Xanthogranulomatous lymphadenitis.
AB  - A case of an unusual type of granulomatous lymphadenitis, initially suspected of
      being a malignant lymphoma, is reported. Histologically, this lesion shows a
      striking xanthomatous appearance, due to collections of foamy histiocytes
      interspersed with chronic inflammatory cells, and resulting in a storage-like
      aspect. Evidence indicates that this process merely represents the reabsorption
      and healing phases of an acute suppurative lymphadenitis, with histopathologic
      features comparable to those of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. The term
      xanthogranulomatous lymphadenitis is suggested for this previously inadequately
      described lesion, and the likely non-specific degenerative character of the
      xanthomatous response is stressed.

PMID- 162097
TI  - Liposarcoma of the breast. Case report and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of primary liposarcoma of the breast in a 65-years-old woman is described
      by light- and electron microscopy. The patient had previously had a cystosarcoma
      phyllodes removed from the same area. A review of the literature showed 34
      previously published cases of liposarcoma of the breast, which regarding age
      distribution, histological type and pattern of metastasis corresponded to
      liposarcomas of the lower limbs.

PMID- 162094
TI  - IgA-nephropathy (IgA-IgG-nephropathy/IgA-nephritis)--a disease entity?

PMID- 162096
TI  - Shwachman's syndrome and leukaemia.
AB  - The clinical and morphological characteristics of Shwachman's syndrome (exocrine
      pancreatic insufficiency, pancytopenia, skeletal changes) were observed in a boy
      who, at the age of 8 years, developed a juvenile form of chronic myeloic leukemia
      which did not respond to cytostatic treatment. Autopsy revealed a striking
      lipomatous atrophy of the pancreas, defects in the ossification zones of the
      bones and marked dwarfism. In addition there was leukaemic infiltration of the
      pancreas, the spleen, the liver and the lymph nodes. The association of
      Shwachman's syndrome with leukaemia is a rare, but remarkable complication of
      this entity because of its relationship to the preceeding pancytopenia. Thorough
      follow-up of the haematological status of patients with Shwachman's syndrome is
      recommended.

PMID- 162098
TI  - Light and electron microscopic studies on rat arterial lesions induced by
      experimental arterial contraction.
AB  - Experimental contraction was produced in the rat mesenteric arteries and the
      arterial segments were studied morphologically. When the rat mesenteric artery
      was exposed in physiological saline solution at 37 degrees C and 2-3 mg of
      methoxamine hydrochloride (10 mg/ml) was dripped onto it, intense contraction was
      observed for about 30 min but elevation in blood pressure was slight. During the
      contraction, numerous vacuoles were seen in the medial smooth muscle cells of the
      arterial segments, and these vacuoles were shown electron microscopically to have
      double unit membranes, indicating that they were formed by herniation of a part
      of the adjacent smooth muscle cell body. In the arteries 1-6 h after the end of
      the contraction, cellular, nuclear and vacuolar membranes and myofilaments of the
      medial muscle cells were partially lost. 12-24 h after the contraction the
      arteries exhibited necrosis and desquamation of endothelial cells and platelet
      adhesion. In the media, smooth muscle cells were completely deprived of cell
      membranes, myofilaments, nuclei, intracytoplasmic organelles other than
      mitochondria, and vacuolar membranes. The cytoplasm was filled with fine granular
      and granulo-vesicular material, and fibrin insudation was observed in these
      severely damaged cells. Arterial contraction may be an important factor in the
      induction of arterial lesions.

PMID- 162099
TI  - The role of myoepithelial cells in the morphogenesis of induced mammary tumours.
AB  - The localization and cytomorphology of myoepithelial (ME) cells and their role in
      the morphogenesis of the mammary gland tumours of Wistar rats induced by 7,12
      Dimethylbenz-a-anthracene-DMBA- were studied. Cells which do not participate in
      secretion and contain cytoplasmic myofibrillar bundles in a typical arrangement
      are considered to be of ME origin. In the histogenesis of induced mammary gland
      tumours no difinite role can be attributed to mature ME cells or their
      precursors. Decreased differentiation is associated with reduced numbers of ME
      cells. No ME cells can be detected in the anaplastic, stromafree portions of the
      solid tumour. The sarcomatous component of the induced carcinosarcomas originates
      from connective tissue. ME cells may give rise to leiomyoma-like tumours
      comparable with the human benign mammary myoepithelioma. The atrophic areas of
      mammary gland tumours consisted mostly of preserved ME cells. The ME cells of
      induced mammary gland tumours were, in every respect, identical with the normal
      ME cells of control mammary glands.

PMID- 162100
TI  - Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus.
AB  - A case of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus in a 74-year-old male is
      described. There was a diffuse pigmentation of the lower third of the esophagus
      macroscopically. Sections from this area revealed melanocytes in the basal layer
      of the epithelium. This melanosis was not caused by malignant melanoma cells, but
      obviously by preexisting ectopic and pigmented melanocytes a condition for which
      the term "esophageal melanocytosis" is proposed. It is suggested that esophageal
      melanocytosis as well as the presence of junctional changes may determine the
      primary nature of malignant melanoma of the esophagus. Furthermore, in order to
      outline the histologic criteria and the pathological features of primary
      esophageal melanomas, 64 cases have been reviewed.

PMID- 162101
TI  - [Cytoenzymological, immunological and scanning electron microscopic studies on 49
      cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Light cytology, enzymology, immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy
      have been performed on 49 bronchoalveolar fluids recovered by bronchoscopic
      lavage. The patients had the following lung diseases: infectious pneumonitis (19
      cases), pulmonary fibrosis (13 cases) including 5 sarcoidosis, 3 idiopathic
      pulmonary fibrosis and 5 silicosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (5 cases) and
      miscellaneous lung tumors (12 cases). Cytologic studies in comparison with
      clinical aspects show 4 groups: Group I (chronic bronchopneumopathy and inactive
      fibrosis) presents numerous cells but few lymphocytes (less than 5%); in Group II
      (evolutive fibrosis) have an increase percentage of lymphocytes (20%); in Group
      III (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) is observed a very high percentage of
      lymphocytes (45%); and in Group IV (cancerous lung diseases) values are not far
      from normal percentage except for lymphomas. Small macrophages (diameter: 10
      microns) with a central monocytoide nucleus and few cytoplasma, are abundant in
      groups II and III where lymphocytosis is higher. Scanning electron microscopy
      shows irregular and rough surface, and numerous spontaneous adherences with
      erythrocytes, lymphocytes, or bacterias. Enzymatic activity (acid hydrolase,
      esterase, oxydase) increases in these cells. Lymphocytes have a smooth surface
      ovocative of T origin which is confirmed by granular acid phosphatase positivity
      and rosette forming test. Immunofluorescence shows positive granules with IgG,
      C1Q and C3 in macrophages only for Groups II and III while free immunoglobulins
      were present in the recovered lavage fluid.

PMID- 162102
TI  - Ultrastructure of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Case report and review of
      the literature.
AB  - The fine structure of an ovarian clear cell carcinoma in a 65 year old woman was
      analysed. The tumor cells were of both clear and "hobnail" types. Both were
      characterized by the presence of short microvilli, abundant glycogen granules, a
      well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, scanty
      lysosomes and very few lipid bodies. The tubules and gland-like spaces were
      always separated from the stroma by a basement membrane. At ultrastructural level
      the tumor cells do not resemble at all those of cleaar cell renal carcinomas. On
      the other hand, their submicroscopic features are strongly similar to those of
      the clear cell tumors found elsewhere in the female genital tract, emphasizing
      therewith their very probable mullerian origin. It is recommended to eliminate
      the term "mesonephroma ovarii" to designate the clear cell carcinomas of the
      ovary.

PMID- 162103
TI  - [The handicapped in the family in the German Democratic Republic].

PMID- 162104
TI  - [Efficiency of early therapy in mentally retarded children].
AB  - Although basic experimental results suggest how much the psychophysical organism
      can be influenced in particular during early childhood, the question of the
      effectiveness of early therapy in particular cases nevertheless comes up. First
      the problem of early therapeutic programs with regard to method and
      controllability is discussed. Then a concept for early therapy, the Munich
      "Developmental Therapy" is reported. Finally a report is given on a study of 151
      Down's syndrome children, 0-3 years old, in whom the effectiveness of an early
      developmental therapy could be proved. A follow-up study of 15 children, 7-10
      years old, in comparison with a parallel control group, confirmed these results.

PMID- 162105
TI  - [Psychological problems of parents and therapists in the early education of
      physically handicapped children].
AB  - The traumatic experience of the child's handicap creates psychological problems
      not only for the parents, but also for the therapists involved in early
      stimulation. Since successful stimulation can be hindered by these difficulties,
      it is importnat that they are recognized as early as possible, and minimized by
      appropriate responses from the personnel involved. A prerequisite to overcoming
      these difficulties is therefore the training of professional staff in the areas
      of psychodynamics and self-experience.

PMID- 162107
TI  - [Integration of handicapped children in normal schools in Bologna, Italy].
AB  - In Bologna and other cities of Northern Italy efforts are made to integrate all
      handicapped children in the normal classes of the public school. The arrangements
      necessary for a successful integration are described.

PMID- 162106
TI  - [The Exeter program of home visits by "developmental therapists". Suggestions on
      the procedure to follow in the presence of severe handicap in a child of less
      than 3 years].
AB  - The principal idea expressed in this paper is that there is a period of time
      between the birth of a child with a severe handicap and the realization of the
      parents that the child may need their specific individual attention to his
      general development because of that handicap: that this coincides with the period
      of time usually taken by doctors for diagnosis of all the aspects contributing to
      the developmental delay; that these periods are both likely to be two to three
      years. Intervention by a competent developmental therapist working weekly in the
      home is of specific aid to the infant, to the parents and to the doctor during
      this period.

PMID- 162108
TI  - [Integration of chronically ill and handicapped children in Sweden].
AB  - A differentiated system is applied in Sweden with individual integration for some
      children, special classes in normal schools for others and special schools for
      the rest.

PMID- 162109
TI  - [Pro Infirmia, a private Swiss welfare organization for the handicapped].

PMID- 162110
TI  - [The Honeylands Project, Exeter: care for mentally, physically and socially
      handicapped children and their families].
AB  - The Children's Hospital Honeylands is taking care of some 250 mentally,
      physically and socially handicapped 0 to 12 years old children and their
      families. It provides overnight hospital accommodation for thirty, and day care
      facilities for up to fifty children. Services provided are specific therapy,
      playgroups, education and regular home-visiting for the preschool children, and
      residential relief for the families. There are 6000 day and 6000 night
      attendances a year. The support service has evolved from the children's ward of a
      District Hospital, located in a city of 100,000 and serving a district of
      300,000. Expressed parental needs have been the source of evolutionary change. A
      ten-year experience has shown that early and active involvement of the parents in
      the therapy and planning for their child keeps the demand for permanent
      residential placements of handicapped children very low. There are one quarter
      the number of mentally handicapped children in permanent residential care in the
      Exeter & East Devon Health District, compared to the national average. Whether
      Honeylands represents a model within the National Health Service for the family
      orientated care of handicapped children is at present under evaluation.

PMID- 162111
TI  - [Services for disabled children: epidemiological aspects].

PMID- 162114
TI  - [Studies on the fluorescent intensity of various tetracycline preparations in the
      dentin of the gnawing teeth of rats (author's transl)].

PMID- 162113
TI  - [Fluoride contents of rat molars following the administration of amine-fluoride
      containing caries preventives (author's transl)].
AB  - Experiments on fifty Wistar rats were conducted with the object of studying the
      incorporation of fluoride into the enamel of molars subsequent to the
      administration of amine-fluoride-containing caries preventives. - Use of two
      toothpastes with low fluoride contents of 0.125% and 0.18% F, respectively, and
      two higher-fluoride (1% F) solutions resulted in a marked increase in the
      concentration of fluoride in the superficial layers of dental enamel.

PMID- 162112
TI  - [Experimental and theoretical aspects of the pathogenesis and prevention of
      caries (author's transl)].
AB  - This article discusses the uses and possible ways of increasing the effectiveness
      of caries preventives. The authors describe the mechanisms of homeostasis and
      resistance of dental enamel and the ways in which these processes proceed in the
      production of caries and underscore the characteristics of enamel as a cell-free
      form of tissue which because of the lack of elements serving to receive
      biological information is only indirectly connected with neurohumoral regulatory
      mechanisms. Also, reasons are given for the necessity of making fundamental
      theoretical studies into both local and general measures of prevention of caries.

PMID- 162115
TI  - [Abnormal courses of acute pyogenic soft-part infections in the maxillofacial and
      cervical regions (author's transl)].
AB  - The etiology and therapy of abnormal causes of pyogenic soft-part infections in
      the maxillofacial and cervical regions are discussed by reference to five case
      reports. Such clinical pictures usually result from a misinterpretation by the
      initially attending physician and consequent errors in treatment, from the
      indolence of patients, and from complicating conditions which are due especially
      to the particular disease agents involved, with one factor generally affecting
      the other. Today, even most serious disease pictures can be seen ruled to
      surgical and antibiotic treatment. In cases of doubt, tracheotomy should be
      performed before surgical cuts into abscesses are made especially where extensive
      suppuration involves the floor of the mouth, the parapharyngeal space, and the
      cervicovascular space.

PMID- 162116
TI  - [Kasabach-Merritt syndrome as viewed from a surgical and stomatological
      standpoint (author's transl)].
AB  - The Kasaach-Merritt syndrome involves the very infrequent symptom complex of
      "giant hemangioma--thrombocytopenia--coagulation disorder". Hemorrhagic diathesis
      is here based on consumption coagulopathy. This paper reports upon secondary
      bleeding after extraction of a tooth in a 25-year-old male affected with this
      syndrome. Continuation or initiation of anticoagulant therapy is recommended for
      surgical stomatological treatment on an inpatient basis, and measures to be taken
      in connection with wound treatment are described.

PMID- 162117
TI  - [Angiomatous diseases in the maxillofacial region and their treatment in adults].
AB  - "Angioma"-situations in the newborn are common, but even in adults one may find
      more or less common situations, more or less difficult to manage. - In any way,
      like in the early childhood, the differentiation between inborn teleangiectatic
      or angiokeratotic nevi and the capillary angioma or angiomatous nevi is very
      important concerning the prognostic and therapeutic consequences. The real
      newborn capillary angiomas are selfhealing. Nearly they are not found in adults
      and otherwise surgically treated in the same simple matter as little
      teleangiectasias and the eruptive "granuloma" teleangiectaticum. On the other
      hand late tuberous alterations of non selfhealing naevus flammeus, naevus
      angiokeratoticus and the teleangiectatic "angioma" racemosum of the orofacial
      region give a slot of surgical problems and no sufficient effect to different
      kinds of radiotherapy. - These situations are presented, discussed and
      documented, moreover some rare uncommon situations, e.g. blue rubber-bleb nevus
      syndroma, and angiokeratotic nevus together with different well checked
      therapeutic methods and results.

PMID- 162118
TI  - [Construction principles of base and connector elements of removable cast partial
      dentures].

PMID- 162119
TI  - [Technic of shaping of base using "long and wide centric" concept].

PMID- 162120
TI  - Demonstration of myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase and its assumed defective
      variant in various Neurospora crassa strains by immunological methods.
AB  - Immunological experiments were performed to demonstrate myo-inositol-1-phosphate
      synthase (EC 5.5.1.4) and its assumed defective variant in various Neurospora
      crassa stains. An enzymatically inactive protein fraction was isolated from the
      inl-mutant by the same procedure as that of the enzyme. It consisted of several
      components by gel electrophoresis, and produced a positive immune reaction
      demonstrated by immunodiffusion using immune sera produced against the enzyme.
      Using immunodisc gel electrophoresis it produced an immunoprecipitate of slightly
      lower mobility than the enzyme itself. Similarly, positive immune reactions were
      obtained with the enzyme using immune sera produced against the protein fraction
      isolated from the inl- mutant. Enzyme activity was demonstrated both in a strain
      transformed by wild-type DNA and in a spontaneous revertant. The enzymes were
      subsequently isolated from both strains, and some properties were compared with
      those of the wild-type enzyme. The specific activities were lower but the
      Michaelis constants were nearly the same. The immunodisc gel electrophoretic
      patterns of these enzymes were similar to that of the protein fraction from the
      inositol requiring mutant.

PMID- 162121
TI  - Functional investigations of isolated mitochondria under steady-state conditions
      by means of a perfusion technique.
AB  - It was observed that borosilicate glass prefilters have a high absorptive
      capacity for isolated rat-liver mitochondria and that this binding does not need
      any kind of chemical procedure. This observation has led to the development of a
      perifusion technique for isolated rat-liver mitochondria. During perifusion the
      mitochondria are immobilized on a prefilter. Their morphological and functional
      intactness is conserved. During the course of the perifusion no loss of marker
      enzymes (adenylate kinase and malate dehydrogenase) can be detected. The
      respiration rates in the controlled and the active state are similar to those
      observed in a conventional closed polarographic vessel. The respiratory control
      is maintained for more than 30 min. With the perifusion technique it is possible
      to adjust respiration rates to stationary steady states between the controlled
      and the active state. It was shown that the control of respiration by the
      extramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio is independent of the succinate concentration in
      the range of 1 to 10 mM.

PMID- 162123
TI  - [Technical characteristics of an electromagnetic transducer of aortic flow, with
      reduced structure].
AB  - Sometimes a common probe of an electromagnetic flowmeter cannot be chronically
      placed around the aorta in the dog because its weight and shape can induce
      vascular injuries. Moreover it may occur that the record is disturbed by the
      movements of the probe around the vessel. The authors describe a new type probe
      that is capable to produce a reliable signal of the aortic blood flow, in spite
      of a reduced structure of its components. Obviously, such a signal, which is
      greater that the one produced by a coronary blood flow probe, must be properly
      amplified.

PMID- 162122
TI  - Osmoregulation in yeast.

PMID- 162124
TI  - Diamide effect on the ouabain-insensitive APTase activity of red cell membrane.
AB  - Membranes from human erythrocytes exhibit a marked decrease of the ouabain
      insensitive ATPase activity and of the total membrane thiol content after
      treatment with diazenedicarboxylic acid bis(N,N-dimethylamide) (diamide). These
      effects increase with diamide concentrations up to 2-2.5 mM and are persistent
      after removal of the reagent. Treatment with 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiolbutane
      (dithioerythritol or DTE) reduced glutathione or 2-mercaptoethanol partially but
      significantly restores at about the same extent the ouabain-insensitive ATPase
      activity. These results indicate that the perturbation of the ATPase
      microenvironment caused by membrane thiol oxidation is at good extent responsible
      for alterations of the divalent cation-dependent ATPase activity.

PMID- 162126
TI  - [An analysis of 1,069 angiocardiographies (author's transl)].

PMID- 162125
TI  - Biological effect of a hypogeomagnetic environment on an organism.
AB  - In an age of a scientific and technical revolution, when many operators work in
      structures shielding the geomagnetic field (GMF) by a factor of 100 or more, the
      urgency of this problem is shown. To study the effect of a hypogeomagnetic
      environment on warm-blooded organisms, series of experiments were conducted on
      rabbits that passed through entire embryogenesis and grew to an age of one month
      in a shielded chamber where the GMF was reduced by a factor of 600. The results
      obtained confirm that the effect of the GMF is needed for normal development of
      the organism. Degenerative disturbances in the liver, myocardium, and
      gastrointestinal tract were noted in animals reared in a reduced GMF. Structural
      and energy metabolism are disturbed, and the marked inhibition of activity of the
      investigated enzymatic systems, except the glycolytic, is shown. Changes in the
      motor activity of the experimental animals and insufficiency of the neuromuscular
      apparatus were revealed. The mortality rate among the experimental animals was
      statistically higher than for the controls. The authors raise the question of the
      need for further comprehensive investigations of the established effects of the
      hypogeomagnetic environment.

PMID- 162127
TI  - [Early X-ray diagnosis of peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 162128
TI  - [Angiography in the diagnosis of brain abcess (author's transl)].

PMID- 162129
TI  - [Microangiographic and pathological study of experimental rickets].

PMID- 162131
TI  - [Roentgen observation of 32 cases of multiple myeloma (author's transl)].

PMID- 162132
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of fatigue fracture of proximal part of tibia (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162130
TI  - [Roentgenological diagnosis of intracranial dermoid and epidermoid cysts
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162133
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of nonreducible hiatus hernia and pulmonary diseases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162134
TI  - [Clinical X-ray analysis of 580 cases of urinary calculi (author's transl)].

PMID- 162135
TI  - [Diabetic osteoarthropathy (author's transl)].

PMID- 162136
TI  - [Hydatid cysts of the spinal canal (author's transl)].

PMID- 162137
TI  - [Radiotherapy and staging of carcinoma of the ethmoid sinus and nasal cavity
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162139
TI  - [Roentgenologic study of diffuse scleroderma (author's transl)].

PMID- 162138
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of pericardial cyst (author's transl)].

PMID- 162140
TI  - Occupational dermatitis artefacta.
AB  - Nine cases of disease malingering with skin lesions attributed by the patients to
      occupational factors are reported. History and morphology of the lesions provided
      sufficient grounds for the diagnosis of occupational dermatitis arterfacta. Four
      out of nine patients admitted to having produced these artefacts.

PMID- 162141
TI  - Dermatoses of the neck affecting violin and viola players ("fiddler's neck", and
      contact dermatitis).
AB  - Skin lesions occurring on the neck of violin or viola players are described, in
      the light of two personal observations. The lesions can be divided into two
      types: 1. Lesions described as "fiddler's neck", i.e. an area of erythematous,
      sometimes pigmented or scaly lichenification on the left side of the neck, just
      below the angle of the jaw, where the chin rest of the instrument is in contact
      with the skin. Histopathologic features of the lesions are described. 2. Allergic
      contact dermatitis to wooden or metallic parts of the violin. The recent
      literature is reviewed.

PMID- 162142
TI  - [Occupational allergy to diazo-paper used in the textile industry (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A worker of the textile industry showed an allergic contact eczema caused by
      diazodiethylaniline contained in diazopaper used in the manufacture of patterns.

PMID- 162144
TI  - Myasthenia gravis, the acetylcholine receptor and the immune response.

PMID- 162143
TI  - [Positive side-effects of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs in therapy (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Since about 1950 especially, dermatologists world-wide have been utilizing the
      positive side-effects, discovered by chance, of all groups of antibiotic and
      antimicrobial drugs. These drugs are used to treat certain non-microbially
      induced dermatoses, without any knowledge of the mechanisms involved. A short
      history is given and the most important drugs and the indications for their use
      are described. The following drugs are undoubtedly effective and sometimes even
      the therapy of choice: tetracyclines in acne vulgaris and rosacea (including
      rosacea keratitis); penicillin G in acrodermatitis atrophicans and cold
      urticaria; dapsone in dermatitis herpetiformis and - as a powerful adjuvant - in
      acne vulgaris and rosacea. Before the discovery of the socalled immunodepressive
      drugs, tetracycline was the only alternative to - or at least a highly effective
      adjuvant of - cortisone in dermatomyositis and chloroquine in localised and
      systemic lupus erythematosus. Finally, clioquinole was life-saving in
      acrodermatitis continua in children until this condition was recently identified
      as a zinc-deficiency syndrome. Therapeutical mechanisms have been found only in
      the case of acne, rosacea and dermatitis herpetiformis. In most other diseases
      the nature of the therapeutical effectiveness of antibiotic and antimicrobial
      drugs still remains a mystery.

PMID- 162146
TI  - New insights into the old problem of chronic pelvic pain.
AB  - Between July, 1974 and February, 1979, 109 adolescent girls, ranging in age from
      10 1/2 to 19 yr. with unexplained chronic pelvic pain, underwent diagnostic
      laparoscopy. Endometriosis was the most common finding occurring in 49 patients
      (45%), followed by postoperative adhesions in 17 patients (16%) and congenital
      abnormalities of the uterus in 10 patients (9%). Other important causes were
      chronic pelvic inflammatory disease with peritubal and periovarian adhesions in
      9%, chronic hemoperitoneum in 5%, functional ovarian cysts in 5%, and uterine
      serositis in 2%. No pathology could be seen in 10 patients (9%). Analysis of the
      presenting symptoms and physical findings revealed in most instances that the
      presence of significant pelvic pathology as a cause of the chronic pelvic pain
      was predictable and had been previously misdiagnosed. Intraoperative and
      postoperative management of the major problems encountered stress the importance
      of conservative surgery and the need for long-term follow-up.

PMID- 162147
TI  - The efficacy of fenbendazole at a dosage rate of 7,5 mg/kg against nematode
      infestations in cattle.
AB  - Fenbedazole, dosed to artificially infested cattle at 7,5 mg/kg live mass, was
      more than 80% effective in more than 80% of the treated animals against immature
      and adult Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi; Cooperia spp., Bunostomum
      phlebotum and Oesophagostomum radiatum.

PMID- 162148
TI  - Uptake of iron by Gomphosphaeria aponina, a possible control organism for the
      Florida red tide Pytochodiscus brevis.
AB  - The assimilation of iron, a growth-limiting metal ion of the cytotoxic marine
      cyanobacterium, Gomphosphaeria aponina, has been examined in both static and
      steady-state cultures using 59Fe (III). Uptake of iron by cells followed first
      order kinetics, and biphasic (absorption and uptake) behavior was observed as
      suggested by noted differences between cultures incubated in the light and in the
      dark. Iron removal in illuminated cultures was rapid, occurring at rates
      comparable to exponential growth rates. Although uptake was mediated by a
      chelating agent (EDTA), synthesis and iron assisted transport by hydroxamate-type
      siderophores was not involved in the uptake of iron by cells, as determined by
      standard chemical and biological assays of iron deficient cultures. The
      ecological implications of this research is considered with respect to the
      cytotoxic antagonism between the cyanobacterium and Florida's red tide organism,
      Pytochodiscus brevis (Gymnodinium breve).

PMID- 162149
TI  - Is the red cell calcium pump regulated by ATP?

PMID- 162150
TI  - Human T lymphocytes clones reactive in primed lymphocyte typing and cytotoxicity.

PMID- 162151
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity to Theileria-transformed cell lines.
AB  - In East and Central Africa the protozoan parasite Theileria parva causes a
      disease of cattle called East Coast fever (ECF). In Kenya alone between 60,000
      and 85,000 cattle die from ECF every year. Infected animals can recover from ECF
      either naturally or after treatment with tetracyclines or menoctone and are
      subsequently able to resist challenge with the homologous strain of parasite.
      That this acquired resistance is due to cell-mediated rather than humoral
      immunity has been suspected but never decisively shown. A major difficulty in
      studying immunity to ECF has been the lack of inbred animals for studying
      Theileria-specific immunity in the absence of allogeneic histocompatibility
      barriers. We have avoided this problem by measuring cell-mediated immune
      responses in a syngeneic system in vitro. Unidirectional mixed lymphocyte
      cultures (MLC) were set up using bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) as
      responder cells and autologous cell lines transformed in vitro by T. parva as
      stimulator cells. In these cultures, DNA synthesis was induced in PBL from both
      normal and Theileria-immune animals. However, cytotoxic lymphocytes were induced
      only in cultures containing responder lymphocytes from Theileria-immune cattle.
      The results show that Theileria-transformed cells express antigens which are
      recognized by effector cells and provide evidence that cell-mediated cytotoxic
      mechanisms function in immunity to ECF.

PMID- 162152
TI  - Probing eukaryotic gene control.

PMID- 162153
TI  - Interpretation of supraspinal effects on the gamma system.

PMID- 162155
TI  - What are the proprioceptors of the neck?

PMID- 162156
TI  - New observations on neuronal organization of reflexes from tendon organ afferents
      and their relation to reflexes evoked from muscle spindle afferents.

PMID- 162154
TI  - Discharge rates of muscle afferents during voluntary movements of different
      speeds.

PMID- 162159
TI  - Efferent and afferent responses during falling and landing in cats.

PMID- 162157
TI  - On the intrafusal distribution of dynamic and static fusimotor axons in cat
      muscle spindles.

PMID- 162158
TI  - Input-output relationship in spinal motoneurons in the stretch reflex.

PMID- 162160
TI  - Responses of dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons to signals from muscle spindle
      afferents.

PMID- 162161
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of abdominal wall abscesses in children.

PMID- 162163
TI  - [Various aspects of rehabilitation of the severely handicapped and of the
      mentally retarded].

PMID- 162164
TI  - [Recommendations on the interpretation and evaluation of juvenile
      electrocardiograms. 15. (5th supplement): theoretical and practical aspects of
      identification and typing of juvenile fascicular hemiblocks and block
      combinations].

PMID- 162162
TI  - [Preventive dental care of children with cleft lip and cleft palate].

PMID- 162165
TI  - [Intercostal nerve lesions caused by abdominal interventions].

PMID- 162168
TI  - Dentistry for children: a retrospective review and future trends.

PMID- 162167
TI  - Dissipative structures and biological order.

PMID- 162166
TI  - Graphokinetic effect of Huntington's disease (chorea) in a blind study of
      handwriting.

PMID- 162169
TI  - Medical and systemic considerations in treating the child dental patient.

PMID- 162170
TI  - Treatment planning for the child dental patient.

PMID- 162171
TI  - An update on anxiety and pain control in dentistry for children. Part I. Control
      of anxiety.

PMID- 162172
TI  - Recall and maintenance procedures in pedodontics--an overview.

PMID- 162173
TI  - Study of the effects of a long acting injectable-progesterone on the ovarian and
      uterine histomorphology of the androgenised female rats of Long-Evans strain.
AB  - The study was aimed at determining the possible role of long acting progesterone
      DMPA in effecting reversal of the effect of TP on neonatally treated female Long
      Evans rats. Five day-old female litters injected with 1.25 mg. TP went into
      persistent estrous on attaining maturity. DMPA when given in proper dosage and
      time reverted the condition.

PMID- 162174
TI  - [Effect of calusterone on the stem cell compartment after suppression with
      busulfan in mice].
AB  - These studies were undertaken to evaluate the effect of Calusterone (a weakly
      androgenic steroid) on hemopoiesis in mice. Cellular proliferation was suppressed
      by a single (IP) injection of busulfan (BU) (40 mg/Kg). Calusterone (CA) was
      administered s.c. SC daily (10 mg/Kg); controls received an equivalent injection
      of oil vehicle. Hemopoiesis was characterized by measurement of peripheral blood
      neutrophils, bone marrow cellularity, differentials and stem cell content. This
      included pluripotent (CFU-S), granulocytic (CFU-C) and erythroid (CFU-E)
      progenitor cells. Only a minimal decrease in narrow cellularity was observed
      after busulfan; similar values were obtained in calusterone recipients.
      Neutrophils fell by day 4, showed an abortive rise on day 8 and subsequently fell
      to 32% of control values. Calusterone recipients showed a 2 fold higher value
      (62%) on day 12. CFU-S, CFU-C, and CFU-E were depressed to 20-40% of control
      values by day 2 after busulfan. Although CFU-S and CFU-C remained depressed
      through the 14th day, CFU-E recovered by day 8 CA stimulated an overshoot in
      these cells to 288% of control values. These findings correlated with an increase
      in marrow erythroid cells to 182% on day 10. CFU-S remained low (20%) by day 14
      and gradually increased to 50% of control by day 24. A delayed 10 day course of
      CA more than doubled the CFU-S recovery. These findings show that BU markedly
      suppress hemopoietic stem cells: a differential recovery is noted between CFU-E
      and the other progenitor cells. CA increase the recovery of all 3 hemopoietic
      stem cell compartments when given either immediately or in a delayed schedule.
      This suggests that this compound may be of use in the therapy of bone marrow
      hypoplasia.

PMID- 162175
TI  - [Catamnestic study of 92 cases of burned patients: medico-legal considerations].
AB  - The authors have examined 1478 burned or scalded patients of the Plastic Surgery
      Institute of the University of Parma from 1967 to 1976; they have considered
      particularly 92 cases who showed more than 20% of burned skin. For these patients
      they have considered many data of medico-legal interest in order to facilitate
      the estimate of the personal damage in penal and civil law.

PMID- 162176
TI  - Qualitative estimation of blood velocity changes in human umbilical arteries
      after delivery.
AB  - Qualitative doppler shift ultrasound estimations of blood velocity were made from
      umbilical arteries of 17 neonates for 90 sec after delivery using a 10 MHz
      doppler instrument. The mean maximum doppler shift frequency at 10 sec was 1.5
      kHz +/- 0.3 (SE) reducing to 0.5 +/- 0.1 kHz at 60 sec after delivery. This
      indicates that flow velocity cannot be quantified. The initial mean pulsatility
      index was 10.6 suggesting that either constrictions were occurring in the
      arteries by 10 sec after delivery or that the placenta has a high impedance or
      both.

PMID- 162177
TI  - Tuning in to deaf children.

PMID- 162178
TI  - The disabled and the poor elderly: preferred groups for public support?

PMID- 162179
TI  - Some neuroendocrine parameters in bipolar and unipolar depression.
AB  - There is mounting evidence showing that some pituitary and hypothalamic hormones
      play an important role in the affective disorders and may directly affect brain
      function and behavior. This report briefly reviews some recent endocrinological
      studies in affective illness with special reference to bipolar and unipolar form
      of illness. Data on prolactin and growth hormone response to levodopa in bipolar
      and unipolar illness presented. Preliminary data on plasma dopamine beta
      hydroxylase activity measured over a 24-h period are illustrated in patients
      suffering from bipolar and unipolar illnesses as compared to controls. The
      significance of these results is discussed in relation to biogenic amine
      dysfunction in the major affective disorders.

PMID- 162180
TI  - Should 'non-Feighner schizophrenia' be classified with affective disorder?
AB  - Narrow definitions of schizophrenia increase homogeneity at the expense of
      leaving unclassified many patients with shizophrenic symptoms. Family history and
      follow-up studies indicate that many such patients ought to be classified with
      those having affective disorders. This study determines morbid risks for
      affective disorder and schizophrenia in first degree relatives of patients with
      chart but not research diagnoses of schizophrenia. Comparisons with morbid risk
      figures for relatives of individuals satisfying research criteria for depression,
      mania or schizophrenia indicate that the 'non-Feighner schizophrenia' group is
      probably too heterogenous to be classified entirely as affective disorder or as
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 162181
TI  - Appropriateness of drugs prescribed by primary care physicians for depressed
      outpatients.
AB  - In a sample of middle class individuals seeking martial and sexual counseling,
      30% had diagnosable psychiatric illness, including 14% who had depressions at the
      time of interview. Those with psychiatric syndromes were significantly more
      likely to have prescribed psychoactive than those without these syndromes. Those
      with depression were more likely to have received diazepam and similar drugs than
      antidepressants. The same was true for those with other syndromes but in many of
      these cases, diazepam or other antianxiety agents seemed more appropriate. Thus,
      affective disorder might well be the psychiatric syndrome for which these drugs
      are most often inappropriately prescribed. Inappropriate treatment is a matter of
      concern in an illness which is potentially fatal.

PMID- 162182
TI  - Unipolar mania revisited.
AB  - In a more sophisticated replication of an earlier study (Abrams and Taylor 1974),
      we examined 77 manic patients, of whom 29 had never suffered a depressive
      illness, and had two or more manic attacks. These unipolar manics were similar to
      the 48 bipolar manics for a wide variety of clinical, phenomenological,
      historical, laboratory and demographic variables, generally supporting our
      earlier findings. However, the present sample showed a striking excess of males
      among the unipolar manics, as well as an increased morbid risk for unipolar
      depression in first-degree relatives. Although not readily explainable, these
      differences suggest that it is premature to equate unipolar mania with classical
      bipolar illness. Further studies of unipolar mania are in progress.

PMID- 162183
TI  - Free and total plasma tryptophan in endogenous depression.
AB  - The free and total plasma tryptophan concentrations were measured in 41 female
      depressive. Fifteen patients were subsequently treated with L-tryptophan. The
      free and total tryptophan were normal in the drug-free depressives and in the
      depressives on lithium. No significant in free and total plasma tryptophan were
      found between unipolar and bipolar depressed subjects, or between patients who
      recovered from depression following L-tryptophan therapy and patients who were
      resistant. The results suggest that the basal free tryptophan concentration in
      the plasma of depressed subjects is normal. They furthermore indicate that
      neither free nor total plasma tryptophan concentrations are valid predictors for
      the course of a treatment of depressed subjects with L-tryptophan.

PMID- 162186
TI  - A Doppler ultrasound technique for measuring human milk flow.
AB  - The authors describe the development of a Doppler ultrasound flow transducer used
      in conjunction with a zero-crossing demodulator for breast milk flow measurement.
      The results of the preliminary evaluation in vitro are presented in the paper.
      The design is at present being minaturised in order to use the transducer for in
      vivo measurement.

PMID- 162187
TI  - A maximum frequency detector for Doppler blood velocimeters.
AB  - The clinical information available from ultrasonic Doppler blood velocimeters may
      be analysed in several ways, spectral analysis probably being the best. This is,
      however, a relatively expensive technique when compared with the cost of
      commerically available Doppler velocimeters. A large part of the diagnostic
      information present can be obtained from the maximum blood velocity in the vessel
      at any one time. A relatively inexpensive analogue method of extracting this
      information from the Doppler signal is described, and the preliminary results
      obtained on signals derived from peripheral arteries are discussed.

PMID- 162184
TI  - The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL)--factors derived from the HSCL-90.
AB  - A factor analysis of the 90-item version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist,
      performed on the pretreatment self-ratings of nonpsychotic outpatients with
      symptoms of depression and anxiety, revealed the presence of 8 clinically
      meaningful factors. These eight orthogonal factors each contained at least 5
      items with loadings above 0.40 and explained 4.5% or more of the matrix variance.
      They were labeled Somatization, Phobic-Anxiety, Retarded Depression, Agitated
      Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Anger-Hostility and
      Psychoticism.

PMID- 162185
TI  - Suppression of murine allogeneic cell interactions by sex hormones.
AB  - Investigations have been carried out on the action of several steroid hormones on
      lymphocyte functions in inbred strains of mice. The recognitive, proliferative
      and effector phases of allogeneic cell interactions in vitro were assessed using
      a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). In MLR
      containing Balb/c (responder) and C57bl/6 (stimulator) splenocytes DNA synthesis
      was markedly reduced in the presence of progesterone, cortisol or estradiol. In
      CML, progesterone and estradiol (1-5 microgram/ml) blocked in vitro generation of
      cytotoxic lymphocytes, while cultures with cortisol were partially inhibited.
      None of these hormones suppressed the cytotoxic activity of previously sensitized
      effector cells generated in vitro. Cultures containing testosterone expressed
      both normal DNA synthesis in MLR and cytotoxic activity in the CML test. These
      findings suggest a selective pattern of immunosuppression by sex hormones which
      may be important in preventing graft rejection or graft-versus-host interactions
      which may arise as a consequence of fetal engraftment during pregnancy.

PMID- 162188
TI  - Eliminating office barriers to the handicapped patient.

PMID- 162189
TI  - Serotonergic and electric shock effects on tonic immobility: evidence for
      independent systems.

PMID- 162190
TI  - In vitro inhibition of human lymphocyte transformation by natural or synthetic
      prostaglandins.
AB  - We have examined the role of 45 natural or synthetic prostaglandins (PGs) in the
      in vitro responsiveness of human lymphocytes toward two different varieties of
      mitogenic stimuli: the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and the tuberculinic test
      (LTT). Addition of PGs to culture of lymphocytes decreases the uptake of 3H
      thymidin.

PMID- 162191
TI  - [Chronic hepatitis. Supplementary investigations].

PMID- 162193
TI  - Management of orodental problems of handicapped children--a team approach.

PMID- 162192
TI  - [Function studies of an atropine derivative--ipratropium bromide in an aerosol
      device--in patients with chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies].
AB  - Ipratropium exerted marked bronchodilating effects in 22 patients with chronic
      obstructive lung diseases. The tolerance of the drug was excellent. In long-term
      treatment the patients do not get accustomed to the drug.

PMID- 162196
TI  - Significance of phosphofructokinase allostery: The Escherichia coli isozymes.

PMID- 162194
TI  - Immune responsiveness of patients with autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency.
AB  - Assessment of immune reactivity of patients with disorders of immunopathological
      origin requires a well-equipped clinical laboratory. The complex mechanism of
      immune reactions cannot be studied by simple techniques, although the most
      sophisticated methods do not often prove more reliable than simpler ones. While
      humoral immune reactivity can be measured by determining serum immunoglobulin
      levels, the assessment of cellular reactivity requires more complex methods; for
      this purpose lymphocyte marker studies, mitogen induced blast transformation, LIF
      production, and skin reactivity proved to be the methods of choice.

PMID- 162195
TI  - Histamine-binding receptors and Fc receptors of T lymphocytes in SLE.
AB  - The participation of TG cells forming the suppressor T cell population and of
      histamine-binding cells was determined in the peripheral blood of patients with
      SLE. Former was considerably diminished in the active phase of the disease,
      latter was found diminished in both the active and the inactive phase. The
      results published in this paper support the functional disorder of suppressor T
      cells in SLE, an assumption based only on sporadic data before.

PMID- 162197
TI  - The role of phosphofructokinase in skeletal muscle contraction.

PMID- 162198
TI  - Reduction of stress in the chewing mechanism.

PMID- 162199
TI  - Dental occlusion and muscle tension.

PMID- 162201
TI  - Schizophrenia: etiology, control and prevention.

PMID- 162200
TI  - Physiological functional position of the mandible.

PMID- 162202
TI  - The use of functional appliances in the prevention of the TMJ dysfunction
      syndrome.

PMID- 162204
TI  - Recent advances in immunological therapy: plasma-exchange and immunosuppression.

PMID- 162205
TI  - The risk of hearing impairment in children from mothers exposed to noise during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 162203
TI  - Autoimmunity and autoimmune disease.

PMID- 162206
TI  - Some characteristics of ATPase activity in a brain microtubule protein
      preparation.

PMID- 162207
TI  - Heart size in the elderly: a clinicopathological study.

PMID- 162208
TI  - Interactions between T and B cells: a review.

PMID- 162209
TI  - Vasculitis--immunology and localization: a review.

PMID- 162211
TI  - Prediction of dental and skeletal relationships from facial profiles in preschool
      children.

PMID- 162212
TI  - Basic emergency kit for the pedodontist.

PMID- 162210
TI  - Immunological aspects of atheroma: a review.

PMID- 162214
TI  - Pediatric dentistry as a primary care specialty.

PMID- 162213
TI  - Medical emergencies in the pediatric dental patient.

PMID- 162216
TI  - Current techniques for behavior management: a survey.

PMID- 162215
TI  - Survey of the utilization of and rationale for hand-over-mouth (HOM) and
      restraint in postdoctoral pedodontic education.

PMID- 162217
TI  - Attitude toward pedodontic specialty education: a survey of pedodontists.

PMID- 162218
TI  - Professional Standards Review Organization and pedodontics: a status report.

PMID- 162219
TI  - Premedication in pedodontics attitudes and agents.

PMID- 162220
TI  - Effects of anthelmintics on the pathology of Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in
      cattle.

PMID- 162221
TI  - [Histological localization of hydrolases in the epididymis of the dog].
AB  - Localization and activity of five hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase, adenosine
      triphosphatase, acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and leucylamino-peptidase)
      were evaluated histochemically in the epididymides of mature dogs. In the ductuli
      efferentes, cilia and apical parts of the epithelial cells displayed high
      activity of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Strong activity of
      acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and leucylamino-peptidase was present in
      the basal and supranuclear zones of the epithelium of the ductuli efferentes.
      Stereocilia of all three segments of the ductus epididymidis showed a high
      activity of alkaline phosphatase. Positive adenosine triphosphatase reaction was
      confined to the stereocilia of the initial segment. A complex pattern of acid
      phosphatase activity was observed in the middle segment. The subdivision of the
      middle segment in four subsegments was therefore suggested. In the epithelium of
      the initial segment only a few nonspecific esterase-positive cells were seen. The
      infranuclear and basal areas of the epithelium in the middle segment and the
      supranuclear zone of the terminal segment displayed distinct nonspecific esterase
      activity. The possible contribution of the hydrolases to the function of the
      epididymis is discussed.

PMID- 162222
TI  - Auto-reaction phenomenon detected by enzyme electrosyneresis in the serum of
      patients with viral hepatitis and other diseases with immune complexes.
AB  - The use of modified electrosyneresis by making 760 sera of healthy persons or
      persons suffering from various diseases with immune complexes to react with their
      own pronase-treated serum has shown the following results: - One of 220 sera of
      healthy persons, 11 were positive in ESE (5%); - Out of 123 sera of HBsAg
      carriers, 23 were positive (18.6%); - Out of 135 sera of patients with acute
      viral type B hepatitis, 132 were positive (97.7%); - Out of 168 sera of patients
      with acute HBsAg negative hepatitis, 127 were positive (75.5%); - 4 cases of
      fulminant hepatitis were all strongly positive; - 54 cases of patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis were 100% positive; - 2 cases of patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus were positive; - Out of 6 patients with glomerulonephritis 3
      were positive; - Out of 34 patients with carcinoma of various organs, 19 were
      positive (55.88%). The Authors believe, on the basis of the research work set
      forth partly in the present report, that this interaction is connected with the
      presence of immune complexes. The method used has been called Enzyme
      Electrosyneresis (ESE) and the detected antigen "Auto antigen exposed by protease
      and by electrosyneresis" (AEPE).

PMID- 162223
TI  - Increase in the percentage of sIgD-bearing lymphocytes during human mixed
      lymphocyte reaction.
AB  - In human one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions we have observed an increase in the
      percentage of sIgD bearing lymphocytes, detected by direct membrane
      immunofluorescent staining. This increase does not seem to be attributable either
      to the synthesis of sIgD receptor molecules by previously negative T or null
      cells or to a non specific stimulation of B cells by a factor released in the
      course of the MLR.

PMID- 162224
TI  - The simian and Sydney crease.

PMID- 162225
TI  - Dermatoglyphic studies and their usefulness in clinical diagnosis by the method
      of predictive discrmination.

PMID- 162227
TI  - [Effect of breathing oxygen upon pulmonary hypertension in men at high altitude
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162228
TI  - [Left axis deviation and SI SII SIII pattern at high altitudes (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162226
TI  - Effects of the bioreductive alkylating agent 2,3-bis(chloromethyl)-1,4
      naphthoquinone on coupled mitochondria isolated from sarcoma 180 ascites cells.
AB  - The effect of CMNQ was studied on mitochondria isolated from S-180 ascites tumor
      cells. It was found that the primary metabolic event upon addition of CMNQ to S
      180 mitochondria was a stimulation of oxygen uptake. The oxygen utilization rate
      was maximized at about 50 nmoles CMNQ/mg protein; at doses higher than this,
      inhibition of respiration was observed relative to the stimulation of respiration
      produced by CCCP. It was also up to 50 nmoles CMNQ/mg protein. S-180 ATPase
      activity is stimulated maximally by 125 nmoles CMNQ/mg protein; at doses higher
      than this, slight inhibition of the ATPase activity relative to the stimulation
      produced by CCCP is seen. In vivo treatment of CMNQ to tumor bearing animals
      leads to a significant reduction of in vitro S-180 cellular respiration rates.
      The data presented in this work coupled with previously published reports
      involving CMNQ support the proposal for a mitochondrial level of action for this
      bioreductive alkylating antineoplastic agent.

PMID- 162230
TI  - [Types and diagnostic criteria of right ventricular hypertrophy at high altitudes
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162229
TI  - [Incomplete right bundle branch block at high altitudes (author's transl)].

PMID- 162232
TI  - [Ocular complications of acne rosacea].

PMID- 162231
TI  - [A study on the problem of labour hygiene and labour protection at high altitude
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162233
TI  - [Rosacea. Current data].

PMID- 162234
TI  - Evaluation of the physical management of low back pain.

PMID- 162235
TI  - Rehabilitation and resettlement of the working adult in the U.K.

PMID- 162237
TI  - Postnatal development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the rat,
      Rattus norvegicus.
AB  - The pattern of development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in
      specified-pathogen-free and conventional (non-barrier maintained) rats over the
      initial 4 weeks of life appeared to be similar. BALT first appeared around the
      2nd week of life and increased in amount over the following 2 weeks. Overlying
      large nodules of BALT the bronchial epithelium becomes infiltrated by lymphocytes
      to form a lymphoepithelium. This transformation occurs earlier in conventional
      rats, possibly because of the differing antigen levels to which they are exposed.

PMID- 162236
TI  - Suppressive effects of chlorphenesin on lymphocyte function in mice and humans.
AB  - The immunosuppressive action of chlorphenesin was investigated in a wide variety
      of in vitro assays for cellular immunity in humans and mice. Chlorphenesin, at
      doses of 20-50 micrograms/ml, inhibited mitogenic responses of both mouse and
      human B and T cells. These doses did not kill cells exposed to the drug for 72
      hr. Mixed lymphocyte reactions in inbred strains of mice and in unrelated humans
      were also inhibited at concentrations of about 50 micrograms/ml. However, the
      generation of cytotoxic T cells in cell-mediated lympholysis assays was not
      inhibited to the same degree as proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction and
      the cytotoxic potential of presensitized mouse T cells for allogeneic targets was
      totally unaffected. These studies suggest that chlorphenesin may have a broad
      spectrum of suppressive effects both on T and B cells and that the predominant
      inhibition of proliferative responses in these cells may reduce the expansion of
      clones of immunocompetent cells in vivo.

PMID- 162238
TI  - Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the laboratory-bred and wild rat,
      Rattus norvegicus.
AB  - In juvenile wild rats, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) development was
      similar to that seen in adult specified-pathogen-free rats. In adult wild rats
      the BALT was widespread. In one animal infected with a mycoplasma-like organism,
      a region of bronchoepithelium overlying a large BALT nodule was seen, through
      which lymphocytes appeared able to pass to make direct contact with the bronchial
      lumen: the significance of this observation is discussed. There was no evidence
      of infection in lungs from any of the specified-pathogen-free animals, where
      small foci of BALT were seen.

PMID- 162239
TI  - Epidemiological investigation of an animal house based upon phage-typing and
      biotyping of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
AB  - The value of biotyping and phage-typing coagulase-negative staphylococci in the
      epidemiological investigation of a laboratory animal house was clearly
      demonstrated. In the animal rooms in which conventional bacteriological methods
      revealed equal bacterial contamination between a conventional unit and one
      housing specified-pathogen-free rodents, biotyping identified Staphylococcus
      cohnii as the only species in the latter, compared to S. warneri, S. hominis, S.
      saprophyticus. S. xylosus abd S. epidermidis as well as S. cohnii in the
      conventional unit. Similarly, phagetyping revealed 2 phage types in the specified
      pathogen-free compared to 7 in the conventional unit. Thus biotyping and phage
      typing provided evidence for the existence of a barrier between these units that
      had presented similar gross bacteriological findings.

PMID- 162240
TI  - Reflex motor output to torque pulses in man: identification of short- and long
      latency loops with individual feedback parameters.

PMID- 162242
TI  - [Vascular endothelium (author's transl)].
AB  - Studies during recent years have shown the importance of the vascular endothelium
      in several physiological and pathological circumstances. The culture of
      endothelial cells has permitted the direct study of endothelial functions. The
      endothelium is a selective barrier between blood and tissues: the molecules cross
      it, according to their size, either through the intercellular junctions or
      through the cells by pinocytotic vesicles. The permeability is modulated by
      vasomotor agents and modified during endothelial regeneration, especially for the
      lipids. The endothelium plays a prominent part in the maintenance of the blood
      flow through its nonthrombogenic properties. It metabolizes circulating
      thrombogenic substances (arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate) and produces
      potent antiaggregating agents (prostacyclin and adenosine). It may also release a
      plasminogen activator promoting thrombolysis. The endothelial cells contribute to
      the formation of the basement membrane by synthesizing collagen and fibronectin,
      which are involved in platelet adhesion and aggregation to exposed
      subendothelium. On the other hand, the endothelium has a modulating influence on
      the local blood flow by producing vasoconstrictors (angiotensin II and III) and
      vasodilating agents (adenosine and prostacyclin). It is not necessary to
      elucidate the coordination of these functions and their relationship to the
      endothelial disorders in vascular diseases.

PMID- 162241
TI  - [Morphological, biological and biochemical study of a new species of Bulinus
      (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)].
AB  - A description is given of Bulinus yemenensis, a new species from Yemen belonging
      to the truncatus group. B. yemenensis is morphologically and biologically
      differenciated from B. truncatus truncatus, from which it is also
      electrophoretically distinguishable on the basis of the following enzyme loci:
      Est-2, Est-3, Pgm-2 and 6-Pgdh among the 26 analysed.

PMID- 162243
TI  - Quantitative ultrastructural aspects of cardiac hypertrophy.
AB  - Following a transient increase in relative mitochondrial volume which lasts but a
      few days, cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure- or volume-overload is
      characterized by a preferential growth of contractile elements resulting in a
      decreased mitochondria/myofibrils volume ratio. At least under some conditions,
      the number of mitochondria/unit area increases as does the organelles
      surface/volume ratio. If the functional overload persists for a long period of
      time, e.g. 12-15 months, relative mitochondrial volume is decreased further.
      Unlike the imbalance in growth of mitochondria and myofibrils, the total surface
      area (sarcolemma plus T-System) enlarges in proportion to the increase in cell
      volume. While most of the components which are altered during hypertrophy become
      normalized as cardiac hypertrophy regresses, the process is slower than the
      imbalance associated with cellular enlargement. Most models of cardiac
      hypertrophy differ from normal growth in that the latter is characterized by
      proportional growth of all cellular components. In contrast, hypertrophy
      associated with exercise results in proportional growth in cellular components.
      The idea that growth of various cellular organelles is regulated by separate
      mechanisms is gaining support. Both sympathectomy and noreprinephrine depletion
      normalize the growth of mitochondria and myofibrils, while thyroxine treatment
      stimulates a preferential growth of mitochondria. Current evidence, therefore,
      suggests that myocardial cell growth probably involves complex processes which
      may vary with different conditions associated with the stimulus invoking enhanced
      cellular enlargement.

PMID- 162244
TI  - Cellular growth of cardiac muscle after birth.
AB  - Present concepts concerning DNA synthesis in the heart have been reviewed, and a
      speculative theory presented involving control of DNA synthesis in the developing
      heart. Research describing DNA synthesis in myocytes of the weanling rat heart
      undergoing hypertrophy has been presented. Its possible use for testing the
      control theory is suggested.

PMID- 162245
TI  - Pressure-induced cardiac enlargement in neonatal and adult rats. Left ventricular
      weight and hemodynamic responses during the early adaptive period.

PMID- 162246
TI  - Calcium handling by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - Over the past ten years knowledge of the biochemistry of cardiac sarcoplasmic
      reticulum vesicles has been considerably extended. In almost all respects the
      Ca2+ pump of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum shows striking similarities to the
      Ca2+ pump of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. On the other hand, Ca2+
      release mechanisms seem to be more complex in cardiac than in skeletal
      sarcoplasmic reticulum. Future research undoubtedly will involve characterizing
      the function of the many additional proteins present in cardiac sarcoplasmic
      reticulum, and determining possible roles for these proteins in regulating Ca2+
      uptake and Ca2+ release by these membranes.

PMID- 162247
TI  - Myocardial subcellular function in shock.

PMID- 162249
TI  - Cardiac muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis.

PMID- 162248
TI  - Phosphorylation and its effects on ATPase activity of cardiac and skeletal
      myosins.
AB  - Myosin isolated under phosphorylation conditions, showed an additional band of
      phosphorylated light chain. In the case of cardiac myosin, LC2 is the
      phosphorylated light chain whereas in skeletal myosin, it is the 18,000 dalton
      component known as DTNB light chain. There are no differences in K+-EDTA and Ca2+
      activated myosin ATPase of cardiac and skeletal of control and phosphorylated
      myosins. Our experiments showed that the rat heart and skeletal muscle myosins
      isolated under phosphorylating conditions exhibited high phosphate content which
      is associated with higher actin activated Mg2+ ATPase activity of myosin as
      compared to control. Control myosin phosphorylated using myosin light chain
      kinase and Ca2+ also showed high actin activated myosin ATPase activity. Beef
      heart myosin isolated in the presence of phosphate buffer, also exhibited a
      higher level of phosphate followed by an increase in actin activation as compared
      to myosin isolated in the absence of phosphate buffer. All these experimental
      data suggest that there is a direct relationship between actin activation and the
      amount of phosphate incorporated as a result of phosphorylation.

PMID- 162250
TI  - Changes in transcriptional activity during myocardial hypertrophy.
AB  - We have demonstrated alterations in the composition of certain groups of nuclear
      no-histone proteins which could account for the changes in template activity.
      Further identification of the individual proteins essential for this regulation
      will aid us in our understanding of the mechanism of myocardial cell growth
      during hypertrophy. We also have demonstrated the existence of several different
      RNA polymerase enzymes and have characterized them. The question of de novo
      synthesis or activation of preexisting enzyme remains unanswered. The delay in
      changes in activity which we found is also of great interest and may provide
      information as to the mechanism of increased RNA polymerase activity. The
      regulation of transcription can occur by changes either in the activity of the
      chromatin template or in the activities of the various RNA polymerase. Our
      studies thus far strongly suggest that during the development of hypertrophy both
      regulatory mechanisms are operative. Furthermore, this appears to be a bimodal
      function; initially there are changes only in the template and only later do
      changes in enzyme activity occur. To our knowledge this is the first
      demonstration of this form of regulation of RNA synthesis in myocardial tissue.

PMID- 162251
TI  - Limiting dilution analysis of alloantigen-reactive T lymphocytes. II. Effect of
      cortisone and cyclophosphamide on cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor frequencies in
      the thymus.
AB  - A minimal estimate of the frequency of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P)
      in the thymus was determined by application of Poisson statistics to limiting
      dilution analysis. A mean CTL-P frequency of 1/1467 was obtained for C57BL/6 (H
      2b) thymus cells activated by DBA/2 (H-2d) irradiated spleen cells and assayed
      against P-815 mastocytoma (H-2d) target cells. CTL-P frequencies were also
      obtained for spleen, nylon wool column purified spleen, peripheral blood, and
      lymph node cell populations. The effect of in vivo drug treatments on CTL-P
      frequencies was then examined. Cortisone at 100 mg/kg dramatically increased the
      CTL-P frequency in thymus by more than 20-fold despite a drastic reduction in the
      number of total thymus cells. The same cortisone treatment did not affect the CTL
      P frequency in spleen. In contrast, cyclophosphamide at 300 mg/kg decreased the
      CTL-P frequency in spleen by more than 10-fold without affecting that in thymus.
      Cyclophosphamide at 100 mg/kg did not produce any significant change. A detailed
      explanation of the calculation of CTL-P frequencies is provided and their
      validity is discussed.

PMID- 162252
TI  - Thymic factors and T cell maturation in vitro: a comparison of the effects of
      thymic epithelial cultures with thymic extracts and thymus dependent serum
      factors.

PMID- 162253
TI  - Suppressor cell response in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 162254
TI  - Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance studies on blood in Huntington's disease.

PMID- 162255
TI  - Exercise performance in debrancher deficiency myopathy.

PMID- 162256
TI  - Specificity of biophysical and biochemical alterations in erythrocyte membranes
      in neurological diseases: Huntington's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, Alzheimer's
      disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and myotonic and Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy.

PMID- 162257
TI  - Fluorescence studies of fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes in
      Huntington's disease.

PMID- 162258
TI  - Kainic acid animal model predicts therapeutic agents in Huntington's chorea.

PMID- 162259
TI  - Disease-related protein changes in purified neurons from Alzheimer's and
      Huntington's diseases.

PMID- 162260
TI  - Localization of deoxyribonucleic acid-stimulated adenosine triphosphatases in
      human lymphocytes.
AB  - Two enzymes hydrolyzing ATP (ATPase A and ATPase B) were purified from freshly
      isolated lymphocytes of human tonsils. Both enzymes are stimulated by single
      stranded DNA and seem to be localized in the chromatin. ATPase A and ATPase B
      appear to be distinct enzymes as judged from their elution profiles obtained
      after DEAE-cellulose and ATP-Sepharose column chromatography, from their behavior
      towards actinomycin D, a DNA intercalating agent, and from their sensitivity to
      monovalent salt concentration.

PMID- 162261
TI  - Kinetic study of the inhibition of myosin ATPase activity by ADP.
AB  - The kinetic parameters of the inhibition of monovalent cation activated myosin
      ATPase by ADP were investigated. The inhibitor constant (KI) was 1.65 X 10(-4) M
      and the maximal velocity (V) was 1.28 mumol Pi/mg myosin/min in the presence of
      0.3M Kcl at 20 degrees C. The dependence of 1/VO on inhibitor concentration and
      the pH dependence of KI and Km (i.e. pKi approximately equal to pKm) show that
      the inhibition has a pure competitive character. The results are supported by
      energetic parameters, too. The enthalpy of the formation of (EI) complex was
      calculated. Similar results were obtained also in the presence of Rb+ activated
      myosin ATPase and subfragment-I K+ ATPase.

PMID- 162262
TI  - Histochemical analysis of the lingual glands in Columba columba.

PMID- 162264
TI  - Histochemical features of cells from the human heteroploid line EUE cultured in
      hypertonic medium.

PMID- 162265
TI  - [Metabolic aspects of uridine diphosphoglucose].

PMID- 162266
TI  - Modifications of liver lysosomes in diabetic rats.
AB  - Recently investigators reported ultrastructural modifications of rat liver
      lysosomes which probably correlate with an increased level of blood plasma
      glucagon in streptozotocin-diabetes. We are investigating whether biochemical
      changes occur in this condition. Lysosome fragility is increased in the
      hepatocytes of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Moreover the plasma activity of two
      glycosidases, B-N-acetylglucosaminidase and B-galactosidase, is markedly
      increased in streptozotocin-treated rats. Both these changes are largely
      prevented by insulin treatment. These findings support the idea that the
      morphologic and biochemical modifications of the hepatocytes, which are observed
      in experimental diabetes, involve the lysosomes showing an increased autophagic
      activity which is probably connected with enhanced liver protein catabolism.

PMID- 162263
TI  - [An experimental study on intrathecal injection of fibrinolytic agent for
      angiospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in the dogs (author's transl)].

PMID- 162267
TI  - [Mixed aorta-popliteal by-pass: a new proposal for the treatment of extensive
      ilio-femoral obstruction].
AB  - The nosological polymorphism of peripheral arterial obstruction (A.O.P.)
      continuously requires new surgical techniques of vascular repair. This led the
      AA. to develop a new composed aorto-popliteal by-pass. It consists of a proximal
      (aorto-femoral) synthetic segment (Dacron D.V.) which is distally anastomozed to
      a biological (Meadox-Dardik Biograft) femoral-popliteal segment. Indications for
      aorto-popliteal by-pass, technical problems, patient selection and results are
      here discussed.

PMID- 162268
TI  - [Use of echocardiography in hypertensive cardiopathy].

PMID- 162269
TI  - [Ventricular hypertrophy and essential arterial hypertension: an
      echocardiographic study].

PMID- 162270
TI  - [Pump-contractility-preload relationship in chronic marked aortic insufficiency].

PMID- 162271
TI  - [Enzymatic study of muscle fibers of the antero-lateral wall of the abdomen in
      man: functional interpretation].
AB  - After a recall of muscular histo-enzymology, the authors expose the results of an
      analysis of the antero-lateral muscles of the abdomen. They establish a
      predominance of the muscular fibers, type I, that are tonic as compared with the
      muscular fibers, type II, that are phasic. Thus the role of support and of
      maintenance of the intra-peritoneal pressure by these muscles is confirmed. The
      tonic characteristic is also important for the functional reeducation and the
      electrotherapy of the abdominal wall.

PMID- 162272
TI  - [Our experience in laparoscopic diagnosis in general and emergency surgery
      (author's transl)].
AB  - After a brief review of the history of laparoscopy starting from the first
      endoscope, the authors remark on the great usefulness, ease, and essential
      harmlessness of the procedure. They list all the possible uses of laparoscopy in
      general and emergency surgery, exemplifying their claims with the illustration of
      personal cases and recommending widespread use of the method in surgery.

PMID- 162273
TI  - [The indications for laparoscopy in the diagnosis of hemoperitoneum (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In consideration of the well-known difficulties associated with the precise
      diagnosis of hemoperitoneum, the authors offer their personal experience in
      support of laparoscopy as a diagnostic aid in such dramatic events. They review
      23 cases of emergency laparoscopy performed in the First Institute of Clinical
      Surgery of the University of Catania between January 1978 and January 1979.
      Recalling that the procedure was applied to patients as young as 3 and as old as
      80, they confirm the opinion expressed from other quarters, namely that
      laparoscopy is an essentially harmless and rapid procedure conducive to very
      accurate diagnosis in view of appropriate planning of therapeutic treatment.

PMID- 162274
TI  - [Aimed liver biopsy in the course of laparoscopy (author's transl)].
AB  - Following a discussion of the various methods that have been devised for liver
      biopsy, and an explanation of the advantages accruing from aimed liver biopsy in
      the course of laparoscopy, the authors express their preference for this method
      on account of its unquestionable diagnostic value, ease of execution, and freedom
      from complications. Accordingly, and in good agreements with other experts such
      as Kalk, Beck, and Dagnini, they advocate more widespread use of the procedure in
      liver pathology.

PMID- 162276
TI  - [Treatment of chronic lumbosacral pain by transcutaneous electrical stimulation
      in laminectomized patients: preliminary results (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have tried transcutaneous electrical stimulation for the treatment of
      chronic lumbosacral pain in 27 patients already treated by laminectomy without
      benefit. Six patients experienced a 55% mean reduction of pain; another six had a
      35% reduction; and the remaining 15 a 16% reduction of pain severity. From these
      results and a review of published data the authors conclude that the method is of
      limited value in alleviating chronic lumbosacral pain in laminectomized patients.

PMID- 162275
TI  - [Lumbago and arthrosis of posterior vertebral articulations (author's transl)].
AB  - Such Authors value the importance of the arthrosis of the posterior vertebral
      articulations in the genesis of back pain with or without sciatica. A particular
      attention must be put on the correct differential diagnosis of the various back
      pains. They furthermore present their casuistry. The made results through
      endoarticular injection of steroid and local anesthetic are good. 78% of the
      subjects has gone back to work; even though this treatment must be considered
      only one mean to permit a better physical and natural activity.

PMID- 162277
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis and conservative treatment of idiopathic lumbar sciatica].

PMID- 162278
TI  - [Volumetric valuation of dural sac by standard measurement on radiographs and
      saccoradiculographs (author's transl)].
AB  - The Authors have planned to connect unexplained osphyalgias with dural pouch
      disease, through roentgenographic research. The Authors suggest a standard
      measurement primer to single out narrow pouches, in order to settle surgical
      operation.

PMID- 162279
TI  - [Pathologicoanatomic and clinical bases of posterior vertebral pain].

PMID- 162281
TI  - [Local triglyceride distribution in an incision of the rectus abdominis muscle
      and linea alba in the rat].

PMID- 162280
TI  - [Modern theoretical views on joint lubrication].

PMID- 162282
TI  - [Prosthetic materials for reparative surgery on the rat biliary tracts: Gore-Tex
      and dacron].

PMID- 162284
TI  - Genetic effects of PR toxin in eukaryotic microorganisms.
AB  - The genetic activity of PR toxin, a mycotoxin from Penicillium roqueforti, was
      studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa. The results show that
      PR toxin, without enzymic activation, causes gene conversion in S. cerevisiae
      strains D4 and D7, reverse mutation in S. cerevisiae strain D7 and N. crassa
      strain N24, and mitotic crossing-over in S. cerevisiae strain D7, In the log
      phase cells of S. cerevisiae the effects are more pronounced at alkaline than at
      acid pH. The active site responsible for the genetic activity and toxicity is
      known. The carbonyl groups appear to play an important role in the biologic
      activity of this molecule.

PMID- 162283
TI  - TEM-induced gene mutations at enzyme loci in the mouse.
AB  - Strain DBA/2J male mice were treated with triethylenemelamine (TEM) and
      subsequently mated to strain C57BL/6J females. Tissues from F1 progeny produced
      in these crosses were then examined using starch gel electrophoresis for the
      presence of presumed induced mutations at a series of 11 specific enzyme loci. In
      the course of this study, four heritable mutations were identified at the
      following loci: Es-1, Ldh-1, Pgm-1, and Gpi-1. Of these four, the first two were
      apparently segregating in parental males and were not TEM-induced. Both of these
      are viable and fertile in the heterozygous and homozygous condition, and neither
      confers any readily apparent deleterious effect to the animal. The latter
      mutations (Pgm-1 and Gpi-1) are presumably induced. Although viable and fertile
      in the heterozygous state, we have not recovered any offsping homozygous for
      either of these two mutations.

PMID- 162285
TI  - A colorimetric assay of lysogenic induction designed for screening potential
      carcinogenic and carcinostatic agents.
AB  - Simple, rapid colorimetric tests for lysogenic induction (the derepression of a
      latent bacterial virus) are described. A quantitative test and a more rapid
      semiquantitative test are based on the assay of the beta-galactosidase
      synthesized from lacZ gene fused to an operon under lambda repressor control.
      These biochemical "inductests" are suitable for screening programs designed to
      detect agents that damage DNA and that are of potential interest in
      carcinogenesis and cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 162289
TI  - [Dental problems of mentally retarded children. Their management and prevention].

PMID- 162286
TI  - 7-Substituted theophyllines. Part I. Nicotinamide derivatives.
AB  - Some nicotinamides derived from 7-substituted theophyllines were prepared and
      pharmacologically screened. They showed a very low coronarodilatory activity, a
      remarkable antispastic activity and a low toxicity.

PMID- 162288
TI  - Larsen's syndrome. Case report and discussion.
AB  - The writers present the case of a small girl affected by Larsen's syndrome. Her
      brother had the same syndrome. Surgical reduction of the dislocated knees was
      performed at the age of two months, followed by immobilisation in a spica
      plaster. At operation it was found that both patellae, which are cartilaginous at
      that age, were absent. On the basis of recent literature and the heterogeneous
      manifestations of the syndrome, the authors discuss the pathogenetic theories,
      the differential diagnosis, and the current therapeutic possibilities.

PMID- 162290
TI  - [Papillon-Lefevre syndrome].

PMID- 162291
TI  - [The advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of
      ectopic pregnancies (author's transl)].
AB  - There is no need any more to demonstrate the value of echotomography in the
      diagnosis of extra-uterine pregnancies. All the same, the authors want to point
      out in the light of two cases they have had the rare, but real risk of errors
      made because of deficiencies in echography, which because they have excluded
      extra-uterine pregnancy lead to a delay which can be considerable in diagnosis.
      The first section deals with the features of diagnosis to be considered in extra
      uterine pregnancy (an empty uterine cavity or, on the other hand, the presence of
      a pregnancy sac in the uterus; rarely the picture of an ovum in an ectopic
      position, but more often the picture of a haematosalpinx or a haematocoele). The
      risks of making mistakes because of insufficient information are described. These
      mistakes can be of serious consequence because they delay using the laparoscope
      (particularly likely to occur if there is the presence of a pseudo-sac of
      pregnancy due to separation of the decidua). Finally, the risks of making
      mistakes by having too much information are spelt out. These are less serious
      because they do lead to the use of the laparoscope. (They are wrongly diagnosed
      ovarian cyst, hydrosalpinx and double uterus.) In the last section the statistics
      given by various authors are reviewed.

PMID- 162287
TI  - Therapeutic contribution of pyrodoxine pyrrolidinecarboxylate. (Notes on
      antiseborrheic treatment).

PMID- 162293
TI  - [Retardation of intra-uterine growth and its connexion with chromosome
      abnormalities (author's transl)].
AB  - 17 chromosome abnormalities were found out of 571 small-for-dates newborn babies.
      7 of these were trisomy 18, 5 trisomy 21, and 2 trisomy 13. The obstetric and
      paediatric implications of the fact that 3 percent of small-for-dates babies are
      carriers of a chromosome abnormality are discussed.

PMID- 162292
TI  - [Severe acute genital infections (Based on 100 cases). A clinical study and the
      contribution of laparoscopy (author's transl)].
AB  - A continuous prospective series of 100 cases of severe acute genital infections
      which were collected over a period of 16 months at the Gynaecological and
      Obstetrical Clinic of the Saint Antoine Hospital has been studies using the same
      protocol. Analysing the history given by these patients before the onset of the
      illness shows how young they were and how frequently they were nulliparous, as
      well as the role of intra-uterine contraceptive devices. The correlation between
      the clinical features and those found on laparoscopy which was carried out almost
      routinely shows the great advantages of this examination. The authors in their
      discussion have tried, by analysing groups of symptoms, to show that to make an
      early correct diagnosis laparoscopy has to be used in a majority of cases. It
      allows treatment to be instituted quickly and unhesitatingly. Furthermore, it is
      justified because: It is necessary to find out all lesions that are present and
      which are unpredictable clinically. It renders it possible to carry out
      therapeutic manoeuvres (such as cutting adhesions and giving antibiotics locally)
      and to take swabs for bacteriological examination (this will be discussed in the
      second part of this article).

PMID- 162295
TI  - Arteriovenous malformations of the posterior wall of the thorax and abdomen.

PMID- 162294
TI  - The regulation of the placental blood flows.

PMID- 162297
TI  - [Comparative clinical studies of beta-stimulating and anticholinergic broncho
      dilators (trimethoquinol and ipratropium bromide)].

PMID- 162296
TI  - The importance of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and differentiation of chronic
      hepatic diseases.

PMID- 162298
TI  - [Covering of eviscerations post peritonitis].

PMID- 162299
TI  - [Perforating injuries of the colon: primary surgery in their management (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Thirty four penetrating wounds of the colon in 23 patients were treated by
      primary surgery. Location of the injuries on the colon, associated injuries and
      the nature of the missile had not affected the good quality of the results. These
      are encouraging an attitude towards primary surgery in the management of the
      colon injuries. Colostomies are still indicated for patients seen lately with
      severe peritoneal contamination or important lesions of the posterior abdominal
      wall.

PMID- 162301
TI  - [Digital necrosis. The possible role of occupational exposure to chromium].

PMID- 162300
TI  - [Refractory sideroblastic anaemia of primary and acquired appearance (author's
      transl)].
AB  - This anaemia begun at the age of 40 years. The patient died 17 years later. There
      was no leukaemic transformation. The authors describe the enzyme abnormalities
      found in the red cells (increased urosynthetase) and/for of raised serum iron
      levels in relatives, such that the truly acquired and apparently primary nature
      of this blood disease must be brought into question.

PMID- 162302
TI  - Honeylands family support unit.

PMID- 162303
TI  - [Prognosis of infantile scoliosis (author's transl)].
AB  - 35 cases of infantile scoliosis were studied most of whom were followed for more
      than 10 years. In 11 instances, the scoliosis was present in the new born. The
      results are compared with those obtained by other authors. The authors consider
      that the signs found at the first examination as described by Mehta are not
      reliable enough and that the subsequent evolution of the curve is important. They
      have observed totally regressive and partially regressive cases. They are also
      found that right thoraco-lumbar curves in girls were common. Criteria for a more
      reliable prognosis are put forward.

PMID- 162304
TI  - [The treatment of chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have operated on 106 cases of chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis. On
      83 occasions the surgical procedure was on the bone itself and in 23 only on the
      soft tissues. After a one-stage bone drilling with sequestrectomy and
      saucerisation the results wee satisfactory in 60 p. 100 of cases. Healing was
      achieved in 93 p. 100 of cases after a second, third or fourth surgical
      procedure. An analysis of the results has led to the following conclusion; the
      prognosis is better in girls, in the humerus, when the onset of the disease was
      subacute or when it had been present for less than 1 year.

PMID- 162305
TI  - [Lumbar venography in the diagnosis of disc herniation (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have performed lumbar venography on 120 occasions in patients with
      low back pain. In 58 patients in whom the herniated disc was confirmed, the
      result of venography was positive and the localisation was precise in 67 cases.
      It is concluded that the method is safe, reliable and allows precision in
      diagnosis to allow better selection for surgical treatment. The examination is
      particularly useful in recurrent sciatica, fractures of the lumbar spine, recent
      or old, and in spinal stenosis. It may be associated with discography when the
      result is not clear cut.

PMID- 162306
TI  - [Recurrent posterior dislocation of the elbow following malunion of supracondylar
      fracture of the humerus. Report of a case (author's transl)].
AB  - One case of recurrent posterior dislocation of the elbow after malunion of a
      supracondylar fracture is reported. The malunion was a posterior angulation of
      the epiphysis of about 30 degrees. A good result was obtained after osteotomy to
      correct the malunion.

PMID- 162307
TI  - [Infected total knee prostheses treated by Papineau's technique and arthrodesis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The technique of arthrodesis of the knee after removal of an infected total
      prostheses is described. It was used in four cases. In the first stage, the
      prostheses and cement were removed, the wound was left open and knee immobilized
      by Hoffman external fixation. Details of the fixation are given. The second stage
      of filling of the wound by cancellous chips was performed two weeks later. On
      average, the fixation was removed after seven months. Some mechanical experiments
      were made to establish the best type of fixation device.

PMID- 162308
TI  - [Angulation--lengthening by cylindrical osteotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - The theory and technique of cylindrical osteotomy are described. It allows
      correction of angulation with some lengthening of the bone. It does not allow the
      correction of rotational deformities. 18 cases were operated on, 4 in the tibia
      and 14 in the femur.

PMID- 162309
TI  - [Simultaneous bilateral traumatic dislocation of the hip. Report of a case
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of simultaneous bilateral traumatic dislocation of the hip is reported. A
      review of the literature shows that this lesion is rare and impressive but that
      its treatment is not particularly difficult.

PMID- 162310
TI  - [Handicapped and the city].

PMID- 162311
TI  - Prune belly syndrome in young females.
AB  - The cases of three females with deficiency of the abdominal muscles are reported.
      In one, severe urinary tract changes, typical of the prune belly syndrome in
      males was found. Twenty-three cases of prune belly syndrome in young females are
      reviewed. In over half, urinary tract changes were present. Intravenous urography
      and micturating cystourethrography are indicated in all young females with
      reduced abdominal musculature.

PMID- 162312
TI  - Visualization of collateral venous circulation during intravenous urography
      secondary to superior vena cava syndrome.
AB  - Transient visualization of superficial collateral abdominal veins can occur in
      intravenous urography in some patients with the superior vena cava syndrome. The
      findings are characteristic enough to lead the radiologist to the correct
      diagnosis. A presentation and explanation of this finding is made.

PMID- 162313
TI  - [I. M. Sechenov and certain questions concerning the physiology of movement].

PMID- 162314
TI  - [Primary biliary cirrhosis. Recent etiopathogenic and therapeutic data (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162315
TI  - Endotoxin fever in the newborn kitten. The role of prostaglandins and monoamines.
AB  - In 5--10 day-old kittens at thermoneutral environmental temperature
      cerebroventricular injections of 10 microgram serotonin or noradrenaline caused
      hyperthermia and hypothermia, respectively. Central injections of 20 and 200 ng
      prostaglandin E1 induced hyperthermia. Monophasic fever followed the
      cerebroventricular injections of 0.2 or 0.002 microgram E. coli endotoxin, both
      in thermoneutral and moderately cool environments. In kittens pretreated with
      para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) the endotoxin induced rise in body temperature
      was attenuated within 60 to 90 min after the endotoxin. Indomethacin pretreatment
      prevented the first part of the febrile response and only a slight temperature
      rise occurred after a long latency. Central injections of phentolamine did not
      modify the fever response, while centrally applied propranolol modified the fever
      course so that it resembled that seen in PCPA treated kittens. The central
      mediation of endotoxin fever in the kitten is complex, despite that the pattern
      of the temperature change is simple (monophasic). Arachidonic acid metabolites
      and serotonin of the central nervous system may be involved in the reaction,
      while the activation of central noradrenergic mechanisms does not seem to be
      indispensable for the response. The changes in mediators are similar to those in
      newborn guinea pigs, although the fever course is different in the two species.

PMID- 162316
TI  - The clinical significance of an elevated excretion of xanthurenic acid in
      psychiatric patients.
AB  - This study investigations whether the synthesis of nicotinamide out of L
      tryptophan is disordered in depression or in anxiety. To this end the excretion
      of xanthurenic acid (XA) in 24 hours urine was measured after administration of
      an oral loading dose of 5 grams L-tryptophan. The subjects were depressive,
      anxious, and alcoholic patients, while other psychiatric patients, served as
      control group. Anxiety and not depression is the clinical correlate of an
      elevated excretion of XA. Liver disorder and vitamin B-6 deficiency have to be
      excluded. A psychiatric control group is necessary.

PMID- 162318
TI  - [Down syndrome: cardiotocographic alterations (author's transl)].
AB  - The Authors describe the results of a study on the cardiotocographic tracings
      during labour of pregnant women, whose fetuses were affected by Down syndrome.
      The high incidence of cardiotocographic alterations in these fetuses does not
      seem to be in relation with congenital cardiac disease.

PMID- 162317
TI  - [Follow-up of a prosthetic graft of the common carotid].

PMID- 162319
TI  - Effect of ubiquinone-homologs on the sensitivity of mitochondrial ATPase to
      energy transfer inhibitors.
AB  - Short-chain ubiquinone (UQ-3) abolishes oligomycin sensitivity of ATPase in
      submitochondrial particles and the effect is reversed by long-chain ubiquinone
      (UQ-7). Ubiquinone-3 also abolishes DCCD sensitivity of ATPase in
      submitochondrial particles but the effect is not reversed by long-chain
      ubiquinones. These data suggest that ubiquinone interferes with energy transfer
      process by interaction with mitochondrial ATPase.

PMID- 162320
TI  - [Polycardiographic and echocardiographic findings in athletes with maximum zeal].

PMID- 162321
TI  - Fatigue changes in the myoelectric signal during periodic muscle work.

PMID- 162322
TI  - Lumbar facets--spinal stenosis and intermittent claudication: a mini review.

PMID- 162324
TI  - Bacampicillin (Penglobe) given twice a day in the treatment of respiratory tract
      infections in general practice.

PMID- 162325
TI  - [Regular trisomy 21 and combined immunodeficiency. Ineffectiveness of thymosin].

PMID- 162323
TI  - [Chemotherapy of infections in the Third World].

PMID- 162326
TI  - [Localisation of parasites in the stomach of horses of the region of Settat
      (Morocco)].

PMID- 162327
TI  - [Clinical experiences with the radiation-sensitizing agent misonidazole].

PMID- 162328
TI  - The effect of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on the intramolecular bindings of
      collagen.
AB  - The subfractions of collagen (alpha, beta and gamma components) precipitated from
      neutral collagen solution by gelation corresponded to those of collagen
      precipitated in the same conditions (ion environments) and in the presence of
      chondroitin-4-sulphate. Collagen fibrils precipitated delayed in the presence of
      heparin poor in beta chains and rich in alpha chains. The delaying effect of
      oversulphated GAG on the in vitro fibril formation can be explained by the
      release or prevention of ion-type intramolecular bonds of collagen. The possible
      in vivo significance of the above bonds is discussed.

PMID- 162330
TI  - ATPase activity of sulfhydryl-modified cardiac myosin from normal and
      isoproterenol-treated rats.
AB  - The possible role of sulfhydryl groups in the adaptation of cardiac myosin to
      work overload has been examined. The functional integrity of sulfhydryl groups
      was evaluated by measurement of Ca2+- and K+-(EDTA)-ATPase activities of myosins
      following sulfhydryl modification. No activation of Ca2+-ATPase of normal rat
      cardiac myosin was observed after pMB or NEM pretreatment. The decrease in Ca2+
      ATPase of myosin from hypertrophied hearts was eliminated following sulfhydryl
      modification: moreover, slight stimulation of Ca2+-ATPase was observed. An
      increase in KCl concentration did not stimulate the Ca2+-ATPase of NEM-modified
      myosins obtained from either control or hypertrophied hearts. The sulfhydryl
      content of rat cardiac myosin expressed as moles of SH per 10(5) g of myosin was
      6.99 +/- 0.30 and in IPR-induced hypertrophy did not change it significantly. In
      the authors' opinion an alteration in the integrity of the sulfhydryl groups may
      be responsible for the functional partition (decreased Ca2+-ATpase with unchanged
      K+-[EDTA]-ATPase activity) of myosin from hypertrophied hearts.

PMID- 162329
TI  - Effect of the fungal toxin (zearalenone) on the reproductive system and fertility
      of male and female rats.
AB  - The fertility-inhibiting effects of long-term (8 weeks) consumption of maize
      infected with a fungus producing F2 toxin (zearalenone) was studied in adult male
      and female albino rats. The fertility rate was further decreased by 25-30% if the
      animals were kept on contaminated diet up to 14 weeks. The gonadal weight was
      decreased, follicular maturation and spermatogenesis were disturbed. The toxic
      diet consumed by mothers during pregnancy and lactation induced permanent changes
      in reproductive organs, disorders in vaginal cyclicity and disturbed fertility in
      the offspring. Neonatal administration of purified F2 toxin provoked similar
      changes. It is suggested that this fungal toxin may cause sterility syndrome in
      the offspring, similar to that produced by androgen or estrogen administration.

PMID- 162331
TI  - Hybridization of DNA's from Neurospora crassa strains may indicate base sequence
      alterations as a consequence of genetic transformation.
AB  - Deoxyribonucleic acids of Neurospora crassa strains involved in genetic
      transformation experiments were studied by means of DNA-DNA hybridization. No
      significant difference was detected in the extent of hybridization reassociating
      32P-DNA of an inositol-requiring recipient strain with an excess amount of
      unlabelled homologous DNA and that of the transformed, spontaneous revertant and
      wild-type strains. Studies on the thermal stability of hybrids revealed 1.2-1.7%
      heterology between the recipient and transformant DNA's. The spontaneous
      revertant and wild-type strains proved to be homologous with the recipient
      strain. We suppose that the heterology we measured is the result of the
      alteration of the nucleotide sequences caused by the multilocal integration of
      transforming DNA into the recipient genome.

PMID- 162332
TI  - [Immunomechanisms in drug-induced hemolytic anemias].
AB  - Among the acquired hemolytic anemias, drug-induced immune hemolytic anemias (IHA)
      play a significant role. Many different drugs are capable of causing IHA,
      alphamethyldopa and penicillins have been responsible for the greatest number of
      cases. For the majority of the other drugs single cases of IHA are reported. Drug
      induced immune hemolysis may be mediated by different immune mechanisms including
      the immune cytotoxicity type (penicillins and cephalosporins) with predominantly
      extravascular hemolysis. Immune hemolysis of most other drugs is due to immune
      complexes formed by the drug and specific antibodies leading to intravascular
      hemolysis in the presence of complement activation. So far, the autoimmune type
      of IHA caused by alphamethyldopa is unexplained, serologically this form cannot
      be distinguished from warm antibody auto-IHA. The clinical importance of drug
      induced IHA depends on the severity of anemia and the problem of diagnosis
      leading to adequate therapeutic measures. Only a small number of cases showing a
      positive direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test caused by drugs will develop IHA.
      Therefore this finding does not require absolutely withdrawal of the drug, but
      careful observation of the patient. The diagnosis of drug-induced IHA is
      necessary for its distinction from auto-IHA and other secondary IHA. The study of
      such IHA has great importance for the understanding of other drug-induced
      cytopenias and may give explanations of the pathogenetic mechanisms of yet
      unexplained autoimmune phenomena.

PMID- 162333
TI  - [The hemolytic syndrome in subacute bacterial endocarditis].
AB  - Long lasting subacute bacterial endocarditis often presents with marked anemia.
      Infective mechanisms and hemolysis are considered as most important
      pathophysiological mechanisms. Pronounced hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and
      edema observed in two cases are possible misleading symptoms in the diagnosis of
      subacute bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 162334
TI  - [Clinical relevance of circulating immune complexes in patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus and chronic polyarthritis].
AB  - Using a solid phase C1q assay, circulating immune complexes (IC) were detected in
      15 of 55 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 6 of 14 patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In contrast to RA, presence of IC correlated
      to clinical disease activity in SLE patients. Preliminary short term follow up
      studies revealed additional differences between RA and SLE: whereas persistence
      of IC was noted in the patients with SLE, rapid changes of IC levels were
      observed in RA.

PMID- 162335
TI  - [Essential cryoglobulinemia with accompanying angioneurotic edema].
AB  - A case report of a patient with essential cryoglobulinemia and episodes of
      angioedema caused by an acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency is presented. The
      patient had high levels of circulating immune complexes. In the course of
      complement activation C1 inhibitor may be consumed and the resulting C1 inhibitor
      deficiency led to the occurrence of angioedema.

PMID- 162336
TI  - [A method for the detection of suppressor lymphocytes and its clinical use].
AB  - Suppressor cells play a major role in immune regulation and supervision.
      Unspecific suppressor cells can be stimulated by Concanavalin A (ConA) in a
      concentration of 1-50 micrograms/ml. Absorbed pooled human AB serum is the
      optimal serum source. Monocytes are necessary to induce suppressor cells.
      Preincubation of lymphocytes abolishes the suppressor cell inducibility.
      Different ConA incubation periods show two suppressor peaks, the first on day 0
      1, the second on day 4-6. It is concluded, therefore, that we deal with two
      populations of suppressor cells. The first of these seems to resemble the
      spontaneous in vivo suppressor level, needs not to be activated by ConA but is
      rapidly inactivated without permanent antigeneic stimulus. The second peak
      consists of suppressor cells which are activated by a ConA stimulation of at
      least 3-4 days. Another conclusion can be drawn from these data: The conventional
      control system for the ConA induction of suppressor cells is not the optimal one,
      because the spontaneous suppressor cells are not included within this system,
      although they perhaps give a better insight into the actual immune status.

PMID- 162337
TI  - [Hunter's disease: genetic, clinical and biochemical study of a new family].

PMID- 162338
TI  - [Effect of motor stimulation and stretching on afferent activity of the
      neuromuscular spindle isolated from the frog].
AB  - The arrangement of muscle spindles in m. ext. long. dig. IV has been examined by
      microdissection. It is confirmed that spindle systems generally appear to consist
      of individual receptors. Stimulation effects of fast motor fibres (conduction
      velocities greater than 12 m/sec) on the spindles of the same muscle were
      studied. Receptors were isolated with their nerves and the appropriate spinal
      roots, the latter ones were used for stimulating efferent fibres and recording
      sensory discharges. Single shocks to the ventral root filaments caused afferent
      responses ranging from a single action potential to a train of impulses. During
      repetitive stimulation (train of stimuli at frequency of 10 to 150/sec) a marked
      increase in afferent activity was found. Afferent activity could be driven by the
      frequency of stimuli ("driving") and the stimulus/action potentials ratio varied
      from 1:1 to 1:3 or more. The rate of sensory discharge depended on the frequency
      of stimuli: the maximum effect, was attained at 30 to 50 stimuli/sec and, in the
      most responsive receptors, up to 80 stimuli/sec. Slight increases of the initial
      lengths of the receptors caused facilitation of sensory responses to motor
      stimulation. Moreover, impairing effects, which appear during sustained or high
      frequency stimulation, possibly related to fatigue in intrafusal neuromuscular
      transmission, could be relieved by increasing the initial length. The repetitive
      stimulation of fast fusimotor fibres increased both dynamic and static responses
      and also raised the afferent activity after a period of stretching, when usually
      a depression occurs; these effects varied according to the preparation, its
      initial tension and the frequency of stimulation. The main feature of the
      examined motor fibres, when stimulated, is the constant excitatory action on
      muscle spindle static response. Results are discussed. It is suggested that the
      different characteristics of intrafusal muscle fibres, the receptor initial
      tension and the frequency of motor units discharges, may together affect muscle
      spindles static or dynamic performance.

PMID- 162339
TI  - [Effects of acetylcholine and succinylcholine on isolated frog neuromuscular
      spindle].
AB  - The mode of action of acetylcholine (ACh) and succinylcholine (SCh) on the
      isolated frog's muscle spindle has been studied. Receptor afferent nervous supply
      was maintained; the appropriate spinal roots were dissected for stimulating motor
      axons and recording from sensory fibres. Excitatory effects on the afferent
      activity, when the receptor was held still and during stretching, were found with
      ACh or SCh concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-3); 10(-6) g/ml being usually
      effective. These effects are similar to those obtained by stimulating fusimotor
      nerve fibres. The contractile activity of intrafusal muscle fibres which occurred
      during these effects was observed. Seldom, and only for high concentrations of
      ACh and SCh, a decrease in afferent activity following the excitatory effects was
      found. Tubocurarine chloride (10(-5)-10(04) g/ml) in the bath prevented both
      motor fibres and drugs effects. Sometimes slight transient excitation occurred at
      very high concentrations of the two tested substances; however, this effect was
      prevented by stronger curarization. The observed blocking effects were always
      reversed by removing tubocurarine from the bath. No more excitatory effects by
      motor fibres stimulation and by ACh and SCh action could be found after
      destruction of intrafusal muscle fibres, by pinching them as close as possible to
      the ends of the spindle. It is suggested that ACh and SCh act indirectly by
      causing mechanical changes in intrafusal muscle fibres, and that a direct action
      on sensory nerve endings, if any, cannot, by itself, increase the afferent
      activity of the receptor.

PMID- 162341
TI  - Circadian periodicity of plasma prolactin in some neurological diseases.
AB  - The circadian rhythmicity of plasma PRL has been studied in some neurological
      diseases in which hypothalamic involvement or abnormalities of brain
      neurotransmitters has been postulated. 11 patients with Steinert's myotonic
      dystrophy, 7 with cluster headache and 10 with Huntington's chorea have been
      studied. By the mean cosinor procedure, a significant circadian rhythm of plasma
      PRL has been observed both in Steinert's disease and in cluster headache, whereas
      a circadian periodicity is not detectable in Huntington's chorea, a degenerative
      disorder affecting the basal ganglia, the hypothalamus and many other areas of
      the CNS.

PMID- 162340
TI  - [Behavior of certain acid hydrolases in the central nervous systems of various
      mammals].
AB  - The activity of several acid hydrolases in different sections of the C.N.S. of
      various mammalian has been evaluated. The enzymes which have been studied are:
      beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-N
      acetylgalactosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase. The enzymes show
      a higher activity in the gray matter than in the white matter. The results are
      interpreted on the assumption that glyco-lipoprotein turnover is higher in the
      gray matter than in the white matter, since myelin, which is the major component
      of the white matter, is a relatively stable structures.

PMID- 162342
TI  - The stimulation of photophosphorylation and ATPase by artificial redox mediators
      in chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata at different redox potentials.
AB  - (1) Inhibition of cyclic phosphorylation in chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas
      capsulata by antimycin A can be fully reversed by artificial redox mediators,
      provided the ambient redox potential is maintained around 200 mV. The redox
      mediator need not be a hydrogen carrier in its reduced form, N-methyl-phenazonium
      methosulfate and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine being equally
      effective. However, the mediator needs to be lipophilic. Endogenous cyclic
      phosphorylation is fastest around 130 mV. A shift to 200 mV can also be observed
      if high concentrations of artificial redox mediator are present in the absence of
      antimycin. (2) ATPase activity of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, in the light as
      well as in the dark, activated or not activated by inorganic phosphate, can also
      be stimulated by N-methylphenazonium methosulfate. This stimulation is highest at
      redox potentials between 60 to 80 mV and is sensitive to antimycin A. In this
      case N,N,N',N-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine is much less effective.

PMID- 162343
TI  - Low-back pain among electric power supply workers and their attitude toward its
      prevention and the treatment.
AB  - Low-back pain among electric power supply workers and their opinions about the
      ways to prevent and relieve the disorder were investigated. A questionnaire study
      revealed that 38.7% of 6,272 electric power supply workers were suffering from
      low-back pain, including severe pain resulting in frequent absenteeism or
      requiring occasional rest from work. Chronological analysis of the occurrence of
      the disorder revealed that the incidence of gradually developing pain has
      increased and that improper working posture and overwork have become more
      important as etiological factors. Rest from work was found to be the most
      effective way of relieving pain, while any medical treatment which did not
      include rest was useless. Low-back pain among these workers is believed to have
      resulted from rapid and intensified work as required by increasing demand and
      mechanization, greater mental stress and improper working posture. As preventive
      measures, it is necessary to improve working hours and to lighten the rate of
      work. In order to relieve pain, the employers should permit the workers to absent
      themselves from work quickly following an attack. Discrepancy between workers'
      opinions and both actual causation of low-back pain and actual effectiveness of
      medical treatment is discussed.

PMID- 162344
TI  - [Historical research on the discovery of diseases of the sinus, 19th century.
      Part 1: Tumors].

PMID- 162345
TI  - [Mycoses of the sinus].

PMID- 162346
TI  - [Therapeutic indices in epitheliomas of the nose tip and nostrils at onset].

PMID- 162347
TI  - [Tomodensitometric (T.D.M.) indications in diagnosis of tumors of the facial
      substance].

PMID- 162348
TI  - [Scleroma].

PMID- 162349
TI  - [Cancer of the thyroid gland. Apropos of 110 cases].

PMID- 162350
TI  - [Surgery of multinodular goiters].

PMID- 162351
TI  - [Suspension laryngoscopy, diagnostic and therapeutic significance].

PMID- 162352
TI  - [Possible effect of Desuric on reported deafness in hyperuremic patients. Apropos
      of 30 cases].

PMID- 162353
TI  - [Cardiomyopathy. Congenital, acquired and differential diagnosis].

PMID- 162354
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of Huntington chorea in the Genoa region from 1930 to
      1977 (author's transl)].
AB  - As a preliminary approach to an epidemiological investigation of Huntington's
      disease, the authors report the incidence of admissions of these patients to both
      Neurological and Psychiatric Departments in Genoa and surrounding region from
      1930 to 1977. The number of patients (84 cases) and their family history (225
      cases of Chorea in the ancestors) suggest a prevalence of Huntington's disease
      remarkably higher (about 28 cases out of 100,000 inhabitants) than it is usually
      estimated. Further studies are however required to assess the distribution of the
      disease in the whole population of the region.

PMID- 162355
TI  - R.H.I.S.A. -- cysternography study in sporadic choreo-athetotic syndrome
      accompanied with dementia (sporadic Huntington disease).
AB  - Seven patients who suffered from choreo-athetotic movements, accompanied by
      slowly progressive mental and affective decline over several years, without
      hereditary background, were admitted for clinical and psychodiagnostic tests.
      Laboratory examinations and anamnestic data were negative, and therefore a
      presumed diagnosis of sporadic Huntington disease was made. In order to verify
      the diagnosis, we had done P.E.G. -- Contrast study, and R.H.I.S.A. --
      Cysternography. The P.E.G. -- Contrast demonstrated an enlargement of the sub
      arachnoidal space and a symmetrical enlargement of the ventricular System, that
      may represent cortical and sub-cortical atrophy. The R.H.I.S.A. -- Cysternography
      Study showed in our patients the characteristics of the Mixed type Pattern:
      combined ventricular penetration with delayed para-sagittal absorption.
      Considering the results of the R.H.I.S.A. Studies, that correspond to the P.E.G. 
      - Contrast Studies, and its invulnerability towards patients, we presume that
      R.H.I.S.A. may be preferred as a diagnostic tool in Sporadic Huntington Disease.

PMID- 162357
TI  - [Investigation of creeping eruption caused by the larvae of Bunostomum
      trigonocephalum (author's transl)].

PMID- 162356
TI  - [Notes for a study on vitaminology in Italy].

PMID- 162358
TI  - [A case of relapsing mesenchymatous tumour of the abdominal wall with metastases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - It is classical to consider desmoid tumours as an entity with only a local
      prognosis, conditioned by the frequency of relapses. In this respect, they are
      different from other mesenchymatous tumours, fibrosarcomas in particular which
      have a poorer prognosis. The authors report the case of a 23 years old man with a
      tumour of the abdominal wall, which in the early stages resembled a desmoid
      tumour, but the development of metastases suggested a sarcoma. This observation
      seems to make doubtful the distinction between desmoid tumour and fibrosarcoma,
      and thus the prognosis of tumours with a desmoid appearance. Under these
      conditions, this term should only be used for descriptive purposes and has no
      prognostic value.

PMID- 162359
TI  - [Early control laparoscopy after tubal microsurgery (author's transl)].
AB  - It is essential to carry out laparoscopic control to determine the result of
      plastic tubal surgery. This is classically done 12 to 18 months after the
      operation, yet it has been suggested that this control should be carried out
      earlier between the 4th and the 8th weeks or even on the 8th day following the
      operation. The authors have carried out 63 early control laparoscopies after
      microsurgical operations on the tube at different dates: 33 times between 4 and 8
      weeks after the operation, 5 times between the 10th and the 13th day, and 25
      times on the 8th day. They are in favour of early laparoscopic control with the
      reserve that it will require much more experience to tell whether the procedure
      is harmless.

PMID- 162360
TI  - The role of the handicap organizations in audiological co-operation.

PMID- 162361
TI  - Brain stem audiometry. Experiences and applications.

PMID- 162362
TI  - Hearing aid fitting according to the directions provided by the Swedish Institute
      for the Handicapped.

PMID- 162363
TI  - Technical supplement to the hearing aid.

PMID- 162364
TI  - The social aspect of technical aids.

PMID- 162365
TI  - Experimental enzyme evolution.

PMID- 162366
TI  - Carcinogenic activity in Sprague-Dawley rats of 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3
      nitrosoureido]-D-gluco-pyranose (chlorozotocin).
AB  - Sprague--Dawley rats of both sexes received 2 mg/kg body wt (group 1) or 0.4
      mg/kg body wt (group 2) of 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-D-glucopyranose
      (chlorozotocin) intraperitoneally in weekly injections for life. A dose-dependent
      carcinogenic effect of chlorozotocin was found (animals with malignant tumors in
      group 1: males 88%, females 89%, in group 2: males 83%, females 63%, in controls:
      males 10%, females 24%). Chlorozotocin reduced the life expectancy of treated
      animals significantly, compared to solvent controls. Histologically, the
      chlorozotocin-induced tumors were shown to be mesotheliomas or sarcomas of the
      peritoneal cavity (undifferentiated type, fibrosarcomas, myosarcomas).

PMID- 162367
TI  - The fate of [14C]streptozotocin in nicotinamide-pretreated mice: observations on
      pancreatic islet radioactivity and urinary N1-methyl-14C]nicotinamide-excretion.
AB  - A high labelling of the pancreatic islets was found 3 and 24 h after a
      diabetogenic dose of [14C]streptozotocin to mice in which the acids islet injury
      had been prevented by nicotinamide-pretreatment. In non-pretreated
      [14C]streptozotocin-injected mice, a much lower radioactivity was observed in the
      pancreatic islets; at 3 h and at 24 h, there was no detectable radioactivity in
      the islets. No evidence was found to indicate that nicotinamide-pretreatment had
      any marked effect on the uptake or retention of radioactivity in other tissues.
      N1-[methyl-14C]nicotinamide was not found in the urine of non-pretreated
      [14C]streptozotocin-injected mice. When the animals were pretreated with
      nicotinamide, N1-[methyl-14C]nicotinamide was detected in the urine, but this
      represented only a small fraction of the injected radioactivity and of the
      excreted N1-methylnicotinamide. This result does not support the hypothesis that
      the disturbance of the NAD-metabolism, which streptozotocin causes, is due to a
      methylation of nicotinamide.

PMID- 162368
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of round filling defect in the duodenum (author's transl)].

PMID- 162369
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of ureteral cyst: a report of 8 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 162370
TI  - [Gluteal tuberosity line--a normal variation of the upper femur, simulating
      periosteal thickening (author's transl)].

PMID- 162371
TI  - [Transvaginal as well as external X-ray irradiation in the treatment of carcinoma
      of uterine cervix: analysis of 1,198 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 162372
TI  - [Pachydermoperiostasis: a report of 2 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 162374
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of lymphography in the diagnosis of lymphoma: an analysis of
      27 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 162373
TI  - [A study of the X-ray appearance of 126 cases of hydatid cysts in the chest
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162375
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of the downward displacement of the tricuspid valve (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162376
TI  - [X-ray observation on 152 cases of paragonimiasis westermani in south Auhui
      Province (author's transl)].

PMID- 162377
TI  - [Roentgenologic features in the chest of paragonimiasis in west Hunan Province
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162378
TI  - [Lung findings of 98 cases of paragonimiasis in Zunyi district (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162379
TI  - [Conray ventriculography in the localization of tumors: an analysis of 70 cases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162380
TI  - [Conray ventriculography in the diagnosis of tumors in the posterior cranial
      fossa (author's transl)].

PMID- 162382
TI  - [Application of molybdenum anode tube in soft tissue roentgenography (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162381
TI  - [A study of 4,500 mammograms by molybdenum anode tube (author's transl)].

PMID- 162383
TI  - [X-ray appearance of renal osteodystrophy: an analysis of 24 cases (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162384
TI  - [Diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma by selective angiography (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162386
TI  - [Measurement of sylvian triangle on the cerebral angiograms and its significance
      in localizing space-occupying lesions of the cerebral hemispheres (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162385
TI  - [Thyroid lymphography: clinical observation of 30 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 162387
TI  - [Treatment of polycythemia vera with 32phosphorus (author's transl)].

PMID- 162388
TI  - [Malignant tumors of the tonsil: the long term results of radiotherapy (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162392
TI  - [Roentgenographic observations of congenital choledochal cysts; an analysis of 64
      cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 162391
TI  - [Aberrant pancreatic rests in the stomach (a report of 3 cases) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162395
TI  - [A report of 17 cases of gastric torsion (author's transl)].

PMID- 162390
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma (an analysis of 13 cases) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162397
TI  - [Investigation of barium sulfate for double contrast examination of the stomach
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162393
TI  - [Duplication of colon (a report of 2 cases) (author's transl)].

PMID- 162396
TI  - [Low dose rate intravenous drip cholangiography (author's transl)].

PMID- 162394
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia (an analysis of 23 cases) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162398
TI  - [Radiologic manifestations of the bones in children with sporadic cretinism
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162389
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of non-metallic foreign bodies in trachea and bronchi
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162399
TI  - [Clinic-roentgenologic analysis of 107 cases of bone fluorosis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162400
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (an analysis of 9 cases) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162401
TI  - [Radiographic changes in bone and joint in 244 cases of pine caterpillars disease
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162402
TI  - [The use of computer in X-ray diagnosis of spherical foci in the lungs (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162403
TI  - [Radiologic diagnosis of coronary artery fistula---with emphasis on evaluation of
      plain film manifestation (author's transl)].

PMID- 162404
TI  - [Aneurysmal bone cyst: an analysis of 46 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 162405
TI  - [An X-ray analysis of 35 cases of benign tumors of the stomach (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162406
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of sphenoid sinus tumor (author's transl)].

PMID- 162407
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of omental cyst in children (author's transl)].

PMID- 162408
TI  - [Eosinophilic granulomas of stomach: a report of 5 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 162409
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with carcinoma of other
      organs (author's transl)].

PMID- 162410
TI  - [Melorheostosis (with a report of 12 cases) (author's transl)].

PMID- 162411
TI  - [An analysis of 18 cases of vertebral arch tuberculosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 162412
TI  - [13II therapy of metastatic carcinoma of thyroid (author's transl)].

PMID- 162413
TI  - [Parosteal lipoma (with report of 5 cases) (author's transl)].

PMID- 162414
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of chondromyxoid fibroma of bone with analysis of 16 cases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162415
TI  - [Localization on intra-ocular foreign bodies by modified bone-free method of
      roentgenography and trigonometric functions (author's transl)].

PMID- 162416
TI  - [A clinico-radiographic analysis of 8 cases of pulmonary anthrax (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162417
TI  - [Peripheral pulmonary carcinoid: a report of 3 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 162418
TI  - [Pathology of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation as observed by discogram
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162419
TI  - [How is new bone formed? (author's transl)].

PMID- 162420
TI  - [Echocardiographic determinations of the left ventricular mass].

PMID- 162421
TI  - Attempts to rehabilitate totally deafened persons by means of transdermal
      electrostimulation.

PMID- 162422
TI  - [Hospital hygiene--preventive dental care in institutions for seriously
      handicapped children].

PMID- 162423
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes in patients with malignant diseases].
AB  - Circulating immune complexes were determined by a solid phase C1q assay in
      patients with divers malignancies. In Hodgkin's disease (n = 20), immune
      complexes were detected only in two patients during chemotherapy. Both patients
      succumbed shortly thereafter. In patients with testicular malignancies (n = 18),
      immune complexes were detected especially in patients without evidence of
      metastatic disease. Sequential investigations did not reveal prognostic insights.
      Summing up these data and the data obtained in additional patients with
      malignancies, it is interesting to note, that patients with carcinomas have a
      significant higher incidence of circulating immune complexes with malignancies of
      the lymphatic system. Our data, however, do not exclude presence of other than
      C1q binding immune complexes.

PMID- 162424
TI  - [A new insulin radioimmunotest and its use in the determination of anti-insulin
      antibodies].
AB  - Acetylation of insulin with 3H-acetic anhydride resulted in the predominant 3H
      labeling at the aminoterminal position of the B-chain (B1). The labeled insulin
      was unchanged in its immunologic reactivity as compared to native insulin. It was
      used in a second antibody radioimmunoassay for the detection of antiinsulin
      antibodies in insulin-dependent patients with Diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 162425
TI  - [The influence of ventricular hypertrophy on systolic intervals in arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 162426
TI  - [Protective effect of labetalol in myocardial hypertrophy caused by
      experimentally-induced aortic stenosis in the rat].

PMID- 162427
TI  - [Cardiovascular diseases and electrocardiographic changes in advanced ages].

PMID- 162428
TI  - [Comparative electrocardiographic and echocardiographic study of left atrial
      enlargement in chronic atrial fibrillation].

PMID- 162429
TI  - [The dilatation index: a new echocardiographic parameter in the study of left
      ventricular hypertrophy].

PMID- 162430
TI  - [Echocardiographic correlates of left ventricular hypertrophy, dilatation and
      function].

PMID- 162431
TI  - [Substitution of the inferior vena cava with a double-velour dacron prosthesis.
      Experimental study].

PMID- 162432
TI  - [P wave analysis for the electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular
      hypertrophy. A study of a population with arterial hypertension (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The electrocardiogram of 100 normal subjects and 216 patients with arterial
      hypertension in different stages have been analysed. P wave especially has been
      taken into consideration: it is often abnormal in the presence of left
      ventricular hypertrophy (LVI). The point-score system elaborated by Romhilt and
      Estes allows, if only QRS-T is considered, to diagnose LVI in 32 of the
      hypertensive patients (15%) and in 41 cases (19%) if the increase of P wave
      terminal forces is emphasized. Nevertheless this P wave characteristic does not
      appear more useful than others (axis less than or equal to 40 degrees; duration
      greater than or equal to 0.12 sec; presence of notch). The best results are
      achieved by considering the coexistence of two or more abnormalities of the P
      wave. Thus LVI is diagnosed in 52 (24%) of our cases, without false positive.

PMID- 162433
TI  - Inhibition of the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in kidney cells by normal
      rat kidney extracted.

PMID- 162434
TI  - Correlated effects of cigarette smoke components on alveolar macrophage adenosine
      triphosphatase activity and phagocytosis.
AB  - An initial examination was made of the hypothesis that one action of cigarette
      smoke components on pulmonary alveolar macrophage function involves the
      inhibition of contractile protein adenosine triphosphatase activity. Pulmonary
      alveolar macrophage calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity,
      magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity, sodium-potassium-dependent
      adenosine triphosphatase activity, phagocytosis, and cell adhesiveness were
      measured in the presence of cigarette smoke, acrolein, ouabain, and ethacrynic
      acid. Calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity, magnesium-dependent
      adenosine triphosphatase activity, phagocytosis, and adhesiveness were inhibited
      by smoke and ethacrynic acid, but not by ouabain. Acrolein, a component of smoke,
      inhibited phagocytosis, adhesiveness, and calcium-dependent adenosine
      triphosphatase activity, indicating that another component of smoke must be
      effective at inhibiting magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity.
      Sodium-potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity was inhibited by
      ouabain and ethacrynic acid, but not by smoke or acrolein. Finally, sulfhydryl
      reagents at least partially protected the macrophages against the inhibitory
      actions of each of the agents. The results are in accord with recently obtained
      experimental evidence that calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase and,
      perhaps, magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase play a role in
      phagocytosis. The data also suggest that smoke components affect a number of
      macrophage activities, including adhesion and phagocytosis, by altering the
      cell's contractile apparatus.

PMID- 162435
TI  - [Primary echinococcosis of the myocardium].

PMID- 162436
TI  - [Histochemical research on the action mechanism of a new antibiotic Bencylina-1
      on the liver and pancreas of experimental animals (author's transl)].

PMID- 162437
TI  - [The influence of oxazepam and diazepam on the sexual behaviour and level of GABA
      biogenic amines in a male rat's brain (author's transl)].

PMID- 162438
TI  - Erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies assessed with a miniature centrifugal analyzer.
AB  - Methods for assaying 16 erythrocyte enzymes have been adapted to the miniature
      centrifugal analyzer. Less than 15 micro L of whole blood is required for all 16
      assays. Variation attributable to temporal effects, rotor effects, and random
      residual error is minor. Initial population studies of blood from adults and cord
      blood samples suggest a CV of less than 12% for 12 of the 16 enzymes; thus it
      should be possible to identify the heterozygous deficient individual. Preliminary
      data suggest that three such individuals, with enzyme activity (adenylate kinase,
      pyruvate kinase, phosphoglycerate kinase) about half the expected, have been
      identified, as well as two individuals deficient in glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 162439
TI  - The role of laparoscopy in evaluation of acute pelvic pain in young women.

PMID- 162440
TI  - Psychiatric liaison nurse for neurosurgery: an innovative approach to management
      of chronic pain.
AB  - A fundamental aim of the Neurosurgical Unit at Georgia Baptist Medical Center is
      to enable each individual to return to normal and meaningful functioning. The
      problem of chronic pain almost always results in a steady decrease in those
      activities, interests, and concerns which are essential to the normal process of
      living. When the process is disrupted, the result is usually a feeling of despair
      and uselessness. These problems will almost inevitably complicate the pain
      experience. In addition, the ever present stress that accompanies severe and
      chronic problems of any sort tends to result in related psychological
      difficulties such as depression, anxiety, feelings of inadequacy and a multitude
      of other family and personal problems. These difficulties often become major
      features of an individual's pain problem. A holistic approach to patient care is
      based on the concept that each individual needs to be considered physically,
      psychologically and spiritually. The active participation of the psychiatric
      liaison nurse as a member of the neurosurgical team helps integrate the forces
      that enable such an approach. By focusing on a thorough patient assessment,
      improved staff morale and improved well being of patients, the psychiatric
      liaison nurse assists the team in focusing its energy on total comprehensive
      patient care. The combination of clinical neurosurgical treatment and
      psychological care has proven effective in helping our neurosurgical team achieve
      the fundamental goal toward which we all work.

PMID- 162441
TI  - [Cell-mediated immunity and nephrosis with minimal lesions].

PMID- 162442
TI  - [Vectorcardiographic findings in atrial enlargement].
AB  - Rational interpretation of changes of the P loop, due to atrial enlargements,
      must be based on the magnitude and spatial orientation of the main resulting
      vectors of the atrial activation phenomenon. Under normal conditions, these ones
      give origin to a mean vector oriented to the left, downward and slightly forward.
      Right atrial enlargement can be recognized by P loops of more than 100 mcv. The
      main axis of the elongated PF is comprised between + 60 degrees and + 90 degrees;
      that of the open PH between + 70 degrees and + 80 degrees and that of PS is
      located around + 135 degrees. Left atrial enlargement can be diagnosed by a
      characteristic box glove configuration of the PF loop as well as by an eight
      shaped PH. In some cases, the PS loop also becomes eight-shaped. Biatrial
      enlargement gives rise to slurrings and notchings of the distal portion of the PF
      loop, a diphasic aspect and frequently an eight-shaped configuration of the PH
      loop and a triangular morphology of PS, whose base lasts 30 msec. or more.

PMID- 162443
TI  - The problem back.

PMID- 162444
TI  - [Acute neurogenic pulmonary edema].
AB  - A case of acute pulmonary edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage is presented. A
      supra and infratentorial arteriovenous malformation was revealed by serial
      cerebral angiography. Sequential chest films documented regression of both,
      pulmonary edema and cardiac enlargment. The literature is reviewed and a possible
      physiopathology is discussed.

PMID- 162445
TI  - Vascular factor in onychomycosis.

PMID- 162446
TI  - In vivo effect of danitracen on the uptake mechanism in monoaminergic neurons and
      platelets in rats.

PMID- 162447
TI  - Bend propagation in flagella. II. Incorporation of dynein cross-bridge kinetics
      into the equations of motion.
AB  - The cross-bridge formalism of T. Hill has been incorporated into the nonlinear
      differential equations describing planar flagellar motion in an external viscous
      medium. A stable numerical procedure for solution of these equations is
      presented. A self-consistent two-state diagram with curvature-dependent rate
      functions is sufficient to generate stable propagating waves with frequencies and
      amplitudes typical of sperm flagella. For a particular choice of attachment and
      detachment rate functions, reasonable variation of frequency and wave speed with
      increasing viscosity is also obtained. The method can easily be extended to study
      more realistic state diagrams.

PMID- 162448
TI  - Zeaxanthin ([3R,3'R]-beta, beta-carotene-3-3'diol) as a resonance Raman and
      visible absorption probe of membrane structure.
AB  - When zeaxanthin ([3R,3R']-beta, beta-carotene-3,3'diol) is inserted into
      phospholipid dispersions and the latter heated through their gel-liquid crystal
      phase transitions, large changes are noted in the resonance Raman and absorption
      spectra of the carotenoid molecule. By analogy with the data of Carey and co
      workers (J. Raman Spectrosc. 6:282) who studied the aggregation of zeaxanthin in
      acetone-water solutions, it is suggested that the carotenoid aggregates in the
      phospholipid gel state while forming a monomer in liquid crystal phases. The
      alterations in both the visible absorption and resonance Raman data have been
      used to monitor phospholipid phase behavior in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and
      distearoylphosphatidylcholine, (DSPC) one-component systems and binary mixtures.
      The phase diagram obtained for the binary system, as constructed from visible
      absorption and resonance Raman data, is compared with that of Shimshick and
      McConnell (Biochemistry. 12:2351) obtained from electron spin resonance (ESR)
      studies. Although the agreement between absorption and ESR data is generally
      satisfactory, onset temperatures for phase separation at low DSPC mole fractions
      deduced from resonance Raman measurements are several degrees lower than those
      from the other methods. Nevertheless, the use of zeaxanthin as a resonance Raman
      and visible absorption probe behavior will be useful in some situations where
      ordinary Raman spectroscopic data cannot be obtained easily. The advantage of the
      resonance Raman approach is illustrated in a study of the phase behavior of a
      phospholipid extract of a cel- mutant of Neurospora crassa. A phase separation
      region is observed with onset and completion temperatures of -19 and -6 degrees
      C, respectively.

PMID- 162449
TI  - Inhibition of the humoral response by spleen cells from cyclophosphamide-treated
      mice.
AB  - Spleen cells obtained from mice injected with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg body
      weight) suppressed the secondary IgG antibody response of memory cells to a T
      dependent antigen, DNP-HGG, in Millipore diffusion chambers. Significant
      suppression (greater than 50%) was found from 5 to 14 days following
      cyclophosphamide treatment, with peak suppression (86%) on day 7. The primary IgM
      antibody response to DNP-Ficoll, a T-independent antigen, was not suppressed by
      these cells. In contrast, suppression was observed in the primary IgM response to
      sheep red blood cells, a T-dependent antigen. In addition, treatment of the
      suppressor cell population with anti-Thy-1 serum and complement did not inhibit
      suppressor activity. We concluded that the suppressor activity was not
      attributable to a typical T cell, and that the target of suppression was not a B
      cell. Preliminary evidence suggests that the suppressor activity is regulated,
      directly or indirectly, by a T cell.

PMID- 162450
TI  - Treatment of plasma cell myeloma.

PMID- 162451
TI  - Anterior intervertebral disc herniations in children: unrecognised chronic trauma
      to the spine.

PMID- 162452
TI  - Initial experience with transluminal recanalization of the recently occluded
      infarct-related coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction -- comparison with
      conventionally treated patients.
AB  - In 7 patients, the recently occluded infarct-related vessel was recanalized by
      transluminal catheter techniques during acute myocardial infarction (Group A). 4
      patients had single-vessel disease, 2 patients two-vessels disease and one,
      involvement of three vessels. Control angiography was performed in 6 patients, 8
      days to 7 months later. Changes of coronary artery anatomy and left ventricular
      function were compared with a group of 9 conventionally treated patients, who
      were found to have occlusion of the infarct-related vessel in the acute stage
      (Group B). Five Group B patients had one-vessel disease, 3 patients two-vessel
      disease and 1 patient, involvement of all three vessels. In the chronic stage,
      all transluminally recanalized vessels were found to be patent in Group A. There
      was spontaneous recanalization of the infarct vessel in 4 of 9 Group B patients.
      In Group A, the length of the akinetic segment (AKS) decreased significantly (p
      less than 0.05) from 145.4 +/- 48.5 mm to 73.2 +/- 73.4 mm (mean +/- SD). Volume
      parameters did not change significantly. In Group B, length of the AKS did not
      change significantly, EDVI increased significantly from 81.1 +/- 19.8 to 106.8 +/
      4.6 ml/m2 (p less than 0.05); ESVI increased significantly from 41.7 +/- 13.7;
      ml/m2 to 66.8 +/- 37.9 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01). In the acute stage, length of
      the AKS and volume parameters did not differ significantly between the two
      groups. In the chronic stage, AKS was significantly shorter (A: 73.2 +/- 63.4 mm;
      144.9 +/- 59 mm (p less than 0.0025) and EF was significantly higher (A: 54.6 +/-
      11.6%; B: 40.9 +/- 14.5% (p less than 0.05) in Group A. Peak CPK was lower in
      Group A (A: 1009 +/- 827 U/l; B: 1324 +/- 655 U/l), but this difference did not
      achieve statistical significance. Results of this pilot study suggest that
      transluminal recanalization in the early phases of acute myocardial infarction
      might result in limitation of myocardial injury. However, further research will
      be needed to improve the technique and to test its results.

PMID- 162453
TI  - Amino-acid sequence of copper-metallothionein from Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 162454
TI  - [Legislative aspects of chemical carcinogenesis].

PMID- 162455
TI  - [Prevention of subnormality in childhood].

PMID- 162456
TI  - [Means of improving measles vaccinal prophylaxis].

PMID- 162457
TI  - [Reasons for epidemic outbreaks of measles against a background of stable low
      morbidity].

PMID- 162458
TI  - [Effect of the immune level on the epidemic process in measles].

PMID- 162459
TI  - [Measles in adolescents and adults].

PMID- 162461
TI  - [Seasonality of epidemic parotitis].

PMID- 162460
TI  - [Characteristics of the epidemic process in mumps in cities differing in
      population size].

PMID- 162463
TI  - [Epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Leningrad].

PMID- 162462
TI  - [Observation of the effectiveness of active immunization against mumps using a
      live mumps vaccine].

PMID- 162464
TI  - [Postvaccinal measles immunity characteristics of Leningrad children].

PMID- 162465
TI  - [Measles morbidity in the RSFSR in a period of mass immunization].

PMID- 162466
TI  - [Postvaccinal immunity study of children inoculated with a live measles vaccine].

PMID- 162468
TI  - Evaluation of the failed back at the Medical College of Virginia Pain Center.

PMID- 162467
TI  - Epidemiology of pain.

PMID- 162469
TI  - Conditioned responses to treatment in chronic pain patients: effects of
      compensation for work-related accidents.

PMID- 162470
TI  - [Energetic fuels in the blood of the rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes
      mellitus (author's transl)].

PMID- 162471
TI  - [EKG changes for chronic cor pulmonale in silicosis and silicotuberculosis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 162472
TI  - Role of hCG in regulation of the fetal zone of the human fetal adrenal gland.
AB  - It has been suggested that hCG is a trophic hormone for the fetal zone of the
      human fetal adrenal gland. To test this hypothesis, the isolated fetal zones of
      adrenals from eight fetuses (12-17-week gestation age) were superfused in the
      presence or absence of hCG. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) was measured in
      the superfusion effluent. A significant increase in DHAS production was observed
      in the presence of hCG. DHAS secretion decreased during the first 60 min in the
      control and experimental superfusions from 83 +/- 10.0 (mean +/- SE) to 71 +/-
      8.0, and from 90 +/- 9.0 to 70 +/- 6.0 ng/100 mg/ml, respectively. In the
      presence of hCG (250 ng/ml), DHAS secretion increased significantly (P less than
      0.01) over the controls to 116 +/- 12.0 at 120 min, and remained above the
      controls thereafter. These results support the hypothesis that hCG is one of the
      regulators of DHAS production by the human fetal adrenal gland early in
      gestation. As we found that ACTh stimulated DHAS secretion in a previous study
      and as there is indirect evidence for a role of ACTH in DHAS regulation late in
      pregnancy, these observations suggest dual regulation by hCG and ACTH early in
      pregnancy, and a possible transition to ACTH regulation of the fetal zone of the
      human fetal adrenal after midgestation.

PMID- 162474
TI  - Augmented venous return: protection of the ischemic myocardium during
      endotoxemia.
AB  - The effects of gram-negative endotoxin (Escherichia coli 4 mg/kg) induced
      myocardial failure in the pentobarbital-anesthesized dog were examined by
      monitoring its influence on coronary and systemic hemodynamics and correlating
      these results with myofibrillar ATPase activity. An identical series of studies
      was performed incorporating a femoral-femoral arterial-venous shunt to augment
      venous return. Over a five-hour period, gram-negative endotoxemia was associated
      with a progressive fall in arterial pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output,
      coronary flow, and a rise in total peripheral resistance and diastolic coronary
      vascular resistance. Augmenting venous return by 313 +/- 71 ml/min significantly
      increased cardiac output, stroke volume, and coronary flow and substantially
      reduced total peripheral resistance and coronary vascular resistance.
      Myofibrillar ATPase activity from both endocardium and epicardium was
      significantly depressed in the endotoxin-shocked preparations. However, with the
      augmentation of venous return with the A-V shunt in the endotoxin-treated animal,
      myofibrillar ATPase activity is normal. It appears that endotoxin causes a
      decrease both in venous return and in cardiac contractility by increasing total
      peripheral resistance, coronary vascular resistance, and impedance to left
      ventricular ejection. Augmenting venous return by optimizing preload and reducing
      afterload prevents any significant increase in total peripheral resistance,
      coronary vascular resistance, or impedance to left ventricular ejection. This is
      manifested by a rise in cardiac output, stroke volume, and coronary flow and the
      preservation of myocardial function. This is the first successful application of
      left ventricular afterload reduction in noncardiogenic shock.

PMID- 162473
TI  - Direct animal and indirect human evidence of altered platelet function in
      diabetics.
AB  - All agree on altered platelet function in vitro (and increasingly in vivo) in
      diabetics of substantial duration and/or with clinical evidence of angiopathy.
      However, a platelet abnormality earlier in the disease remains uncertain. Three
      sets of data from Oxford will be reviewed: (1) Observations of Honour on platelet
      aggregation at sites of minimal injury within blood vessels of anesthetized
      rabbits, with greater sensitivity to superfused ADP when hyperglycemia has
      followed alloxan only days previously. This increased aggregatability (not
      hyperglycemia determined) is reversed by a few days of insulin treatment or by
      dipyrimadole (alone or with synergistic acetyl salicylic acid): (2) Beta
      thromboglobulin is released from platelets and is increased in venesected blood
      from diabetics after a standardized procedure (no prostaglandin E1 in
      anticoagulant) with final radioimmunoassay. Results in diabetics after surgery,
      etc., will also be presented, and (3) in a prospective study of newly-diagnosed,
      mostly maturity-onset type diabetics, an increase in plasma fibrinogen (thrombin
      coagulation of plasma, controlled against normals) was observed during the first
      3 yr, largely due to males treated with sulfonylureas; decreases in platelet
      count and in prothrombin concentration were also statistically significant.

PMID- 162475
TI  - [Use of trans-cutaneous electro-analgesia for symptomatic treatment of some pain
      syndrome].

PMID- 162476
TI  - [Physical and kinesitherapy of lumbosacral pain].

PMID- 162477
TI  - [Vectorcardiographic manifestations of right ventricular enlargement].
AB  - The basic criteria for the vectorcardiographic diagnosis of right ventricular
      enlargement are discussed, in context with the course of myocardial activation.
      Right ventricular dilatation, secondary to isolated diastolic overloading (atrial
      septal defect) shows basically different degrees of dextrorotation. The
      ventricular curve starts to the left on the frontal and horizontal planes, and
      forward on the last one. Cases with right ventricular hypertrophy, produced by
      sustained systolic overload, are also evaluated. When the hypertrophy is
      generalized (pulmonary valvular stenosis), there is an increase in the
      manifestation of all the resulting vectors of activation of this ventricle: IIs,
      IIr, and IIIr. As a resultant of these changes, the ventricular curve presents a
      clockwise rotation in the three planes, and is oriented to the right and forward,
      with its terminal portions generally located above the E point. When the right
      ventricular hypertrophy is of the segmentary type, there is an increase of the
      manifestation of only some of the resulting vectors of the activation of this
      ventricle. For example, the vector IIr will be increased in cases of tetralogy of
      Fallot, while the IIIr will be increased in some cases of obstructive chronic
      pulmonary hypertensive cardiopathy. The T loop, of secondary type, generally
      opposes the vector IIr on the horizontal plane, and the IIIr on the frontal
      plane. When an important right ventricular dilatation is associated to a right
      bundle branch block of intermediate degree, owing to their proximity, the
      manifestation of the electromotive parietal forces is increased at the expense of
      the septal ones. This phenomenon produces a characteristic appearance of the SH
      loop, narrow and with a clockwise rotation.

PMID- 162478
TI  - [Vectorcardiographic manifestations of left ventricular and biventricular
      enlargement].
AB  - The basic criteria for the vectorcardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular and
      biventricular enlargements are discussed on the basis of the myocardial
      activation sequence. Left ventricular dilatation, secondary to isolated diastolic
      overloading, increases the manifestation of all the vectors resulting of the
      activation of this ventricle. These changes reflect the proximity of the left
      ventricular walls to the exploring electrodes. The vectors above mentioned
      project themselves as wide ventricular curves with counterclockwise rotation on
      the three planes. The T loop, of secondary type, is concordant in its orientation
      with the R loop. Cases with left ventricular hypertrophy, produced by a sustained
      systolic overloading, are also described. In the presence of global left
      ventricular hypertrophy without LBBB, the manifestation of all the vectors
      resulting from the depolarization of this ventricle (I, IIl, IIIl), is increased.
      This is due to a prolonged duration of the corresponding activation fronts. These
      vectors are projected on the different segments of the ventricular curves and
      they show a counterclockwise rotation on the three planes. When LBBB is also
      present, the first septal vector is not evident. The T loop, of secondary type,
      opposes the R loop on the frontal and horizontal planes. The presence of left
      ventricular hypertrophy of the segmentary type, generally increases the
      manifestation of the vector I, and sometimes, also that of the vector IIIl. When
      both ventricles are hypertrophied, the electromotive forces of the chamber more
      severely affected predominate in the vectorcardiographic records.

PMID- 162479
TI  - Isoenzyme characterization of Leishmania spp from Algeria.
AB  - Five Algerian stocks of Leishmania were compared with two stocks from USSR and
      one from Sudan by means of isoenzyme electrophoresis of two enzymes: glucose
      phosphate isomerase (GPI) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM). Three stocks isolated
      from patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis appeared to be L. tropica
      major. This correlated well the epidemiological features of the endemic area from
      where the stocks originated. Two stocks isolated from patients suffering from
      visceral leishmaniasis appeared to be different from the Sudanese stock of L.
      donovani.

PMID- 162480
TI  - Inhibitors of enzymes of microbial membranes; agents affecting Mg2+-activated
      adenosine triphosphatase.

PMID- 162481
TI  - Aids and appliances in the home - a critical survey of bath aids and their use.

PMID- 162482
TI  - [Sealants in prevention of dental caries: initial results].

PMID- 162483
TI  - [Dental care provided at the A.I.A.S. Center for assistance to the handicapped:
      biennial occurrence].

PMID- 162484
TI  - Activation of the alternative complement pathway.

PMID- 162485
TI  - Psychosis as a predictor of response to lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar
      affective disorder.
AB  - Sixty-six bipolar I lithium clinic patients were studied for a history of
      psychotic symptoms at some time during the course of their illness. Agreement
      between different sources of information was calculated, and the patient
      population was divided into psychotic and non-psychotic subgroups. Probability of
      remaining well on lithium for the different subgroups was analyzed by the life
      table method. Psychosis during mania appeared to be associated with especially
      good early lithium prophylaxis.

PMID- 162486
TI  - Assortative mating and affective disorders.
AB  - Seventy-two spouses of subjects with recurrent primary affective disorders (PAD),
      were investigated for the presence of psychiatric disorders in their lives and in
      those of their first degree relatives, and compared with 71 spouses of non
      psychiatrically ill control subjects. No difference was found in the risk for
      PAD; on the other hand spouses of affective patients manifested a greater
      occurrence of psychiatric disorders belonging to the affective spectrum, as did
      their respective first-degree relatives.

PMID- 162487
TI  - Detecting depressive disorders in drug abusers: a comparison of screening
      instruments.
AB  - Previous investigators have reported a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in
      drug-dependent patients. Given the responsiveness of depressive disorders to both
      psychological and pharmacological treatments, it is desirable to find an
      economical, efficient screening instrument to detect depressive disorders in this
      population. In this study, 6 depression symptom screening scales (Beck Depression
      Inventory, Hamilton Depression Scale, Raskin Depression Scale, Degree of Illness
      Rating, Symptom Checklist 90 Overall, and Depression Subscale) based on either
      clinician interview or patient self report, were compared according to their
      utility in detecting cases of depression among 64 applicants for treatment at a
      substance abuse treatment unit of a community mental health center. The criteria
      for a case of depression were the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) which are
      specified and operationalized. Cases identified using previously described cutoff
      scores on the screening scales were compared to rates based on the RDC and
      sensitivity and specificity were determined. The results showed that: (1)
      although the sensitivity of the symptom scales was applicable, ranging from 65-
      94%, the specificity was less impressive, ranging from 39--61%, and (2) the Beck
      Depression Inventory, a 13-item patient self report was the most sensitive and
      specific and is recommended for screening drug-dependent populations for
      depression.

PMID- 162488
TI  - Depressive symptoms in rape victims.
AB  - Thirty-four recent rape victims were assessed for depressive symptomatology using
      a well-validated self-report instrument in combination with formal psychiatric
      evaluation. Fifteen subjects were found to be moderately or severely depressed
      when measured on the self-report questionnaire. A closer examination of these 15
      subjects revealed that 8 were suffering from a major depressive disorder. The
      authors emphasize that all clinicians working with rape victims should be alert
      to the emergence of depression in this population.

PMID- 162489
TI  - The familial prevalence in second-degree relatives of patients with anxiety
      neurosis (panic disorder).
AB  - A family history study of second-degree relatives of 19 patients with anxiety
      neurosis (panic disorder) and 19 controls showed a morbidity risk of 9.5% among
      the former compared with 1.4% among the latter. These risks were approximately
      half those found among first-degree relatives. Female relatives were at higher
      risk for anxiety neurosis. The risk for other psychiatric illnesses did not
      differ between the relatives of anxiety neurosis and controls.

PMID- 162491
TI  - [A comparison of induced potential between normal subjects and patients with
      Down's disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 162492
TI  - [Exfoliative dermatitis caused by chlorpromazine--a report of 10 cases (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 162490
TI  - Distribution of ancestral secondary cases in anxiety neurosis (panic disorder).
AB  - The Slater computational model for use in distinguishing between polygenic
      inheritance and the effects of a single dominant gene with incomplete penetrance
      was applied to 15 kindreds of anxiety neurosis (panic disorder). The number of
      observed unilateral pairs (two ancestral cases from one side of the kindred) was
      significantly greater than the number expected. Therefore, these results suggest
      a dominant mode of transmission for anxiety neurosis.

PMID- 162493
TI  - The relationship of family history of alcoholism to primary affective disorder.
AB  - One hundred sixty-eight patients with primary affective disorder were studied
      regarding history of alcohol-related problems. Alcohol-related problems were
      identified in 19 patients. We found that the morbid risk for alcoholism was
      significantly increased among relatives of male patients with drinking problems
      as compared to relatives of male patients without drinking problems. Our data
      suggest that psychiatric illness in relatives of probands with severe bipolar
      illness tends to be affective disorder tends to include alcoholism plus affective
      disorder.

PMID- 162494
TI  - Treatment of unipolar depression following electroconvulsive therapy. Relapse
      rate comparisons between lithium and tricyclics therapies following ECT.
AB  - A restrospective chart study and follow-up telephone interviews were used to
      compare the relapse rates of unipolar depressives who had received either lithium
      or tricyclics following ECT. The results showed no difference between the two
      treatment groups. The literature on ECT was reviewed in the light of the results
      from the present study. We concluded that ECT followed by either lithium or a
      tricyclic antidepressant is a more effective treatment for unipolar depression
      than ECT alone.

PMID- 162495
TI  - Schizoaffective disorders. Results of a genetic investigation, I.
AB  - 1004 first degree relatives fo 150 schizoaffective patients (41 males, 109
      females) were studied and a total morbidity risk of 29.6% of schizoaffective
      spectrum disorders were found. The relatives show an increased morbidity risk for
      schizophrenia (5.26%) and affective disorder (6.55%) with a high incidence of
      catatonia and unipolar depression; schizoaffective secondary cases were only
      found in 3%. There is no significant difference in morbidity between parents,
      siblings and children. The morbidity risk of neuroses is 5.3%, for personality
      disorders 7.2% and for suicides without spectrum diagnosis 1.8%. Off-spring of
      affected parents show a morbidity risk twice as high as that of off-spring of non
      affected parents. The findings do not support the present concept of the ICD
      (International Classification of Disorders) of WHO, which subsumes
      schizoaffective disorders under the major rubric of schizophrenia. From a genetic
      viewpoint schizoaffective disorder takes an intermediate position between
      schizophrenia and affective disorders. None of the present hypotheses of the mode
      of inheritance is supported by the findings.

PMID- 162496
TI  - Are schizoaffective psychoses heterogeneous? Results of a genetic investigation,
      II.
AB  - 150 schizoaffective probands and their 1029 first-degree relatives were examined
      in search of the heterogeneity of the disorder. The sample of probands was split
      by several criteria. Among the various subgroups the morbidity risk of relatives
      was analysed as an external criterion for heterogeneity. Female relatives show a
      higher risk for affective disorders that male relatives. This is true for
      relatives of male and female index patients. Schizophrenia is equally frequent in
      male and female relatives. Schizoaffective psychoses take an intermediate
      position. The further analysis included the following characteristics of the
      probands: age at first episode, number of episodes, psychopathological subtypes
      (affective, schizophrenic, undifferentiated: manic, non-manic). None of these
      criteria proved to distinguish subgroups significantly, therefore, the search for
      heterogeneity was negative, although some results show a trend to the expected
      direction.

PMID- 162497
TI  - Affect and the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Evidence from both retrospective and prospective studies suggests that many women
      do show cyclical changes in affect. Negative changes such as irritability,
      headache, tension, anxiety, sleep disturbance and depression are more frequent in
      the premenstrual and menstrual phases. Positive changes, pleasantness, increased
      vigour and elation are reported more often in the follicular or mid-cycle phases.
      Various theories have been suggested to explain these changes. These include
      psychodynamic, sociological and biological explanations. Although there is some
      evidence to support each theory no definite conclusions can be reached about the
      aetiological basis of most affective changes. Interpretation of studies
      attempting to link hormonal and affective fluctuations in limited by the many
      methodological problems outlined. Only one study appeared able to conclusively
      demonstrate a hormonal basis for a cyclical symptom. Suggestions are made for
      further research in this area.

PMID- 162498
TI  - Relationship between mood changes and adrenal cortical activity in a patient with
      48-hour unipolar-depressive cycles.
AB  - A 66-year-old patient with 48-hour unipolar-depressive cycles was studied in the
      hospital for one month and in an isolation unit for two weeks. At 3-hour
      intervals during the day and once at night the mood state was assessed by two
      self-rating scales and urine was collected for the determination of urinary free
      cortisol (UFC). In the hospital there was a regular alternation between 'good'
      and 'bad' days. Without exception the switch from normal to depressive mood
      occurred between 22:00 and 2:30, when the patient was sleeping. The switch from
      depressive to good mood was variable and occurred in the late morning or in the
      afternoon. On a 24-hour basis a highly significant correlation was seen between
      the mood state and the UFC excretion: r = 0.73, P less than 0.001 (hospital); r =
      0.82, P less than 0.01 (isolation unit). The shape of the 24-hour profile for the
      UFC excretion was similar on good and bad days, with a maximum between 2:30 and
      7:00 and a minimum between 19:00 and 2:30. However, on bad days UFC was elevated
      at all clock times. A decrease in adrenal cortical activity preceded or was
      parallel to substantial improvement in the mood state. Internal desynchronization
      occurred in the isolation unit but not in the hospital, with a rest-activity
      period of 18.6 h and a period close to 24 h for UFC excretion. Changes in mood
      were associated with both cycles, and a very close link between the switch from
      normal to depressive mood and the sleep state could be demonstrated.

PMID- 162500
TI  - Bromocriptine in affective disorders. A pilot study.

PMID- 162499
TI  - Can ECT prevent premature death and suicide in 'schizoaffective' patients?

PMID- 162501
TI  - Further validation of a questionnaire method for classifying depressive illness.
AB  - A total of 367 patients admitted to a psychiatric facility completed the LPD
      questionnaire. By application a decision rule to their responses, they were
      classified as 'non-endogenous depression', 'endogenous depression' and 'non
      depressive syndrome'. This classification was found to be associated
      significantly with their categorization on the basis of clinical diagnosis. The
      findings suggest that this method of classification on the basis of responses to
      the LPD may have a useful research and clinical role.

PMID- 162502
TI  - Factor patterns in depression. A replication study.
AB  - A principal component analysis was carried out on symptom ratings and selected
      history items from 79 depressed patients. Three interpretable factors were
      obtained. The first was a general factor reflecting severity. The second a
      bipolar factor contrasting endogenous and neurotic depression, the third a
      bipolar contrasting anxiety and depressive symptoms. These replicate similar
      factors found previously in a different sample. The stability and predictive
      value are emphasized of other factors as well as the endogenous-neurotic
      dimension.

PMID- 162503
TI  - Psychotic and neurotic depression. Part 3. Aetiological and background factors.
AB  - Patients receiving diagnoses of 'psychotic' and 'neurotic' depression do not
      differ significantly in their pre-morbid experience of life events and
      difficulties of aetiological significance. Some aetiological differences emerge
      when the two groups are subdivided into their more and less extreme halves along
      a distribution of discriminant function scores, but these differences are not
      substantial. Reallocation of the extreme 20% of each diagnostic group (who are
      likely misclassifications) into the other group tends to enlarge these
      'aetiological' differences but they are still slight. Comparison of 'endogenous'
      patients (those without severe life events or major difficulties) with 'reactive'
      patients reveals a slight tendency for the 'endogenous' group to have a higher
      frequency of psychotic-type symptoms. Apart from age and experience of 'past
      loss', no further significant differences were found in the background
      characteristics of depressed patients diagnosed as 'psychotic' and those
      diagnosed 'neurotic'.

PMID- 162504
TI  - The diagnosis of depression in children.
AB  - Operational criteria for depression in children were derived from diagnostic
      criteria designed for adults. These criteria were applied to a series of
      outpatients and inpatients on a Child Psychiatry Service. Thirteen per cent of
      girls and 5% of boys admitted to the clinic met the criteria for depression. (For
      this calculation autistic, brain-damaged and seriously retarded were excluded
      from the clinic population.) The frequencies of criterion symptoms and some
      related symptoms are reported. Generally the data suggest that the significant
      depression does occur as an independent syndrome in children, it is relatively
      common in a clinic population and it does not differ obviously from depression in
      adults.

PMID- 162505
TI  - Communication of suicidal intent and suicide in unipolar depression. A forty year
      follow-up.

PMID- 162506
TI  - An analysis of lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse.
AB  - Clinical findings and operative results of 212 operated cases of disc protrusion
      are analyzed in this paper. The maximum age incidence is between 21 and 40 years.
      In our series disc prolapse was most common between the L4-L5 disc space, mostly
      on the left side, whereas the L5-S1 is more common in white people. Anthropologic
      differences may account for the discrepancy. A careful search should be made for
      disc protrusion by flexing the spine and also exploring the intervertebral
      foramen during surgery.

PMID- 162507
TI  - Anomaly of the gallbladder lying extraperitoneally in the internal oblique
      muscle: report of an unusual case.
AB  - A gallbladder occupying internal oblique muscle rather low down in the right
      lower abdomen, is reported. The preoperative diagnosis was an abdominal wall
      tumor. The operation showed that we were dealing with a gallbladder which
      contained stones, and which had a relatively long cystic duct. The gallbladder
      was very loosely attached to the liver-bed with a long mesentery. Such a
      variation in the gallbladder position has only once been described in the
      previous literature.

PMID- 162508
TI  - Radiation therapy of the oral cavity: sequelae and management, part 2.
AB  - This is the concluding portion of a two-part series dealing with the effects and
      manifestations in the oral cavity of radiation therapy of head and neck tumors.
      Preradiation and postradiation extractions in dentulous patients, as well as
      dental maintenance of such patients (including fluoride treatments follow-up, and
      restorative care), are discussed. Guidelines for the dental management of
      edentulous patients are also presented at length (this section covers risk of
      bone necrosis, soft liners, timing of denture placement, dentures and preexisting
      bone necrosis, soft-tissue necrosis and dentures, morbidity, and prosthodontic
      procedures). The article concludes with a brief discussion of osteoradionecrosis
      and soft-tissue necrosis.

PMID- 162509
TI  - General effects of beryllium sulfate on isolated rat heart muscle mitochondrial
      fraction.
AB  - The effects caused by Be2+ on the properties of isolated rat heart muscle
      mitochondria were investigated. It has been shown that Be2+ enhances oxygen
      uptake by the mitochondrial fraction in the presence of oxidizable substrates.
      This is due to the uncoupling effect caused by Be2+ on the mitochondria, which
      also undergoes a swelling effect by this divalent ion that can be accounted by
      the retention of Be2+ by the mitochondria. The saturation of the organellae
      binding sites occurs when the concentration of the ion reaches a maximum of 6.2
      mumoles/mg protein.

PMID- 162510
TI  - [Mechanical characteristics of the myocardium of the sloth (Bradypus
      tridactylus)].

PMID- 162511
TI  - Biological characters and bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated
      from chicken staphylococcosis and commercial balanced chicken food in Argentine.
AB  - During 1976-78, 33 S. aureus strains were isolated from chickens suffering from
      dermatitis and septicemia, omphalitis, pneumonia, arthritis and tenosynovitis;
      and from a commercial balanced chicken food. All the strains were classified into
      the biotype B of Hajek and Marsalek. Twenty-nine (87.8%) strains could be
      classified into Sato et al biological type 4 although they differed from it in
      its ability to grow at 45 degrees C. The remaining 4 strains differed from the
      others because they failed in producing hemolysis in bovine and ovine blood agar,
      egg yolk reaction and splitting of Tween 80. Thirty (90.9%) strains were lysed by
      avian phages: 28 strains at 1 x RTD and 2 at 100 x RTD. Twenty seven (93.1%
      strains of the Sato et al biotype 4 were sensitive to the phages
      CH42/CH43/CH63/CH37 of avian group II, and 2 strains to the phage CHA1 at 100 x
      RTD. Only one of the 4 unclassified strains could be typed by phage CH4 of avian
      group I at 1 x RTD. Twenty seven (81,8%) strains were typable at 100 x RTD by the
      basic set of human phages: 26 strains belonged to group III (53 and 53/77) and 1
      to a mixed group I/III (79/53/77). The typable strains belonged only to Sato et
      al biotype 4. None of 33 strains were sensitive to any of the bovine phages. The
      biological characters and bacteriophage typing of the S. aureus showed that
      almost all the strains belong to chicken types. The strains isolated from food
      belong to the same chicken biotype and phagetype as the strains isolated from
      dermatitis, septicemia, omphalitis and pneumonia. The strains isolated from
      arthritis and tenosynovitis were different from the ones isolated from other
      pathologies.

PMID- 162512
TI  - [Public health in the city of Hamburg in the 19th century, with regard to medical
      legislation (1586--1818--1900)].

PMID- 162513
TI  - Submicroscopy of the arterial vascular wall. Observations in the state of
      hypertension and arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 162514
TI  - 11 beta-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone in a case of virilizing adrenal adenoma:
      isolation from urine and mitochondrial conversion from dehydroepiandrosterone.
AB  - 11 beta-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone has been isolated from the urine of a 14-yr
      old girl with a virilizing adrenal adenoma. Its excretion was estimated to be 0.4
      mg/24 h by gas chromatography and the compound was further identified by mass
      spectrometry. When [7-3H]dehydroepiandrosterone was incubated with mitochondria
      prepared from the adenoma, approximately 10% was converted to 11 beta
      hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone. The identity of the radioactive 11 beta
      hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone was verified by reversed isotopic dilution, its
      conversion to 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, and its mobility in several
      chromatographic systems. This is the first demonstration of an 11 beta
      hydroxylase from a human source having an affinity for dehydroepiandrosterone.

PMID- 162516
TI  - Decline of adrenal androgen production as measured by radioimmunoassay of urinary
      unconjugated dehyroepiandrosterone.
AB  - Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), in large part a measure of adrenal androgen
      secretion, previously has been measured in urine after hydrolysis or solvolysis
      of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. These procedures are time consuming;
      they often require several days and variable recoveries are a source of error. A
      method is presented here for determination of unconjugated DHA in 24-h urine
      specimens which requires less time, labor, and sample volume than necessary for
      the assay of DHA derived from conjugates. In 76 men and women, age 20-96 yr,
      total 24-h urinary unconjugated DHA showed no sex differences. However, the mean
      unconjugated DHA excretion decreased, which may indicate decreased zona
      reticularis function with respect to relatively constant zona fasiculata function
      in advancing age.

PMID- 162515
TI  - Pattern of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in humans from birth to
      adulthood: evidence for testicular production.
AB  - Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) were measured in 513
      normal full term newborns, infants, children, adolescents, and adults and the
      results were expressed in micrograms per dl. In infancy and childhood, DHAS
      levels were similar in both sexes. In 74 neonates, mixed cord blood mean values
      /+- SD were 134.6 +/- 64. During the first day of life, plasma DHAS levels were
      140 +/- 125 in 33 neonates. During the first month of life, DHAS decreased
      drastically, then more progressively until the 6th month of life. Between 1-6
      months of age, mean levels were 5.9 +/- 4.7 in 40 children. DHAS was very low
      between 1-6 yr of life (2.3 +/- 1.6) and rose abruptly at the 7th year of life.
      Thereafter, DHAS continued to increase correlatively with age and pubertal stages
      in both sexes, a further increase after age 16 or pubertal stage P5 was noted
      only in male subjects. In adults, DHAS was significantly higher in male (224 +/-
      93) than in female (138.3 +/- 51) subjects. DHAS levels were compared to those of
      dehydroepiandrosterone; at two periods of life, early infancy and adulthood,
      their patterns differed. After long term hCG stimulation, DHAS increased
      significantly in 45 normal prepubertal boys and in 2 boys with adrenal
      insufficiency. These data would suggest a direct testicular production of DHAS.

PMID- 162517
TI  - Adrenal suppression with aminoglutethimide. III. Comparison of plasma delta 4-
      and delta 5-steroids in postmenopausal women treated for breast carcinoma.
AB  - A regimen or aminoglutethimide in combination with replacement glucocorticoid has
      been used to suppress adrenal steroidogenesis in postmenopausal women with
      metastatic breast carcinoma. During acute and chronic treatment with
      aminoglutethimide, the levels of the delta 4-steroids [progesterone (P), 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone (17-delta 4-P), and androstenedione (delta 4-A)] and the
      delta 5-steroids [dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate
      (DHEA-S), and 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (17-delta 5-P)] were determine. In the
      total group of women, the plasma levels of P and delta 4-A increased 2- to 3-fold
      (P less than 0.05) while 17-delta 4-P rose 10-fold (P less than 0.01) from basal
      concentrations of 0.65 +/- 0.07 to 6.48 +/- 1.46 ng/ml during the initial 2 weeks
      of therapy with aminoglutethimide (AG) and dexamethasone. These three steroids
      then fell to basal levels during chronic treatment (P and 17-delta 4-P) or were
      suppressed (delta 4-A; P less than 0.001). In contrast, the levels of delta 5
      steroids (17-delta 5-P, DHEA, and DHEA-S) were reduced 3- to 5-fold during the
      initial 2 weeks of therapy and remained suppressed throughout. The relative
      levels of certain delta 5- and delta 4-steroids pairs were then examined. The
      ratio of 17-delta 5-P to 17-delta 4-P decreased from baseline values of 2.15 +/-
      0.35 to 0.38 +/- 0.21 ng/ml (P less .02) with the initiation of therapy and
      remained low thereafter. A similar pattern for the ratios between DHEA and delta
      4-A, and DHEA-S and delta 4-A was observed. This may indicate that the regimen of
      AG treatment utilized may facilitate the activity of the 3 beta-ol-dehydrogenase,
      delta 5- to delta 4-isomerase, and accelerate the conversion of delta 5- to delta
      4-steroids. The patterns of suppression of the plasma delta 4- and delta 5
      steroids in oophorectomized and spontaneously postmenopausal patients with intact
      ovaries were analyzed separately. The plasma levels of progesterone were higher
      during the first 2 weeks of therapy in surgically castrate women than in
      spontaneously postmenopausal women (0.72 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.47 +/- 0.20 ng/ml). A
      similar pattern was observed for 17-delta 4-P, DHEA, and DHEA-S indicating that
      the adrenals might contribute to this increase. In contrast, during chronic
      treatment the levels of all steroids were lower in surgically castrate women than
      in those with intact ovaries. This suggested residual ovarian steroid during AG
      administration.

PMID- 162518
TI  - Dehydroepiandrosterone: kinetics of metabolism in normal men and women.
AB  - The single injection and constant infusion techniques were utilized to study the
      kinetics of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) metabolism and its peripheral
      conversion to several other C19-steroids including C19-steroid sulfates. The MCRs
      (mean +/- SEM) for normal men and normal women were 1866 +/- 144 and 1901 +/- 87
      liters/24 h, respectively. The single injection technique yielded values for rate
      constants (units) and volumes of distribution (1) as follows: K1, 42.6 +/- 7.7
      for men and 37.1 +/- 5.0 for women; K2, 64.3 +/- 11.2 for men and 55.5 +/- 5.0
      for women; K2, 64.3 +/- 11.2 for men and 55.5 +/- 5.0 for women; V1, 38.5 +/- 6.0
      for men and 33.7 +/- 2.5 for women; V2, 30.4 +/- 7.3 for men and 27.5 +/- 9.9 for
      women. The constant infusion technique yielded values for the conversion ratios
      for the transformation of DHEA to several products: delta 5-androstene-3 beta, 17
      beta-diol to DHEA of 0.10 +/- 0.01 for men and 0.16 +/- 0.03 for women, delta 4
      androstenedione to DHEA of 0.04 +/- 0.01 for men and 0.07 +/- 0.02 for women,
      DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) to DHEA of 6.36 +/- 0.81 for men and 10.09 +/- 0.87 for
      women, delta 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol sulfate to DHEA of 0.42 +/- 0.06
      for men and 0.50 +/- 0.04 for women, and androsterone sulfate to DHEA of 1.11 +/-
      0.13 for men and 2.06 +/- 0.18 for women. The ratios for the conversion to DHEA
      sulfate and androsterone sulfate were significantly higher for women than men.
      The plasma concentrations of DHEA were 8.50 +/- 0.95 and 8.75 +/- 1.01 ng/ml for
      men and women, respectively. The calculated production rates for DHEA were 16.34
      +/- 2.66 and 16.19 +/- 1.78 mg/24 h for men and women, respectively. There was no
      sex difference in the binding of DHEA to plasma proteins and this is reflected in
      the lack of sex difference in the MCRs. Calculations indicate that DHEA is a
      major precursor of circulating delta 5-diol.

PMID- 162519
TI  - Plasma levels of gonadotropins, prolactin, thyroxine, and adrenal and gonadal
      steroids in obese prepubertal girls.
AB  - Plasma levels of gonadotropins, PRL, T4, and adrenal and gonadal steroids were
      measured in two groups of 7- to 9-yr-old and 10- to 11-yr-old obese prepubertal
      girls, and were compared to those found in groups of nonobese girls of the same
      age. The data found in normal weight subjects confirm the data reported in the
      literature, showing a significant rise between the 7- to 9- and 10- to 11-yr
      groups, of FSH, pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and estradiol
      plasma levels, while LH, PRL, T4, cortisol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone
      (17P), and androstenedione remained constant. In the obese subjects, pregnenolone
      and dehydroepiandrosterone levels are notably higher than in the normal girls, in
      the same range as those found in adult women; furthermore, they show no rise
      between the two age groups. The obese prepubertal groups had significantly higher
      progesterone, androstenedione, and PRL levels in comparison with those observed
      in girls of normal weight, but 17-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, testosterone,
      LH, and T4 were similar in both groups. Estradiol levels were markedly depressed
      in the obese girls; FSH levels were higher in the younger girls than in normal
      subjects. These data indicate that in prepubertal obesity, maturation of adrenal
      gland function (chiefly the delta 5 pathway), is notably enhanced, whereas
      gonadal secretion of estradiol is impaired in the presence of high levels of FSH
      and PRL.

PMID- 162520
TI  - Stimulation of prolactin and growth hormone secretion by muscimol, a gamma
      aminobutyric acid agonist.
AB  - The alteration in circulating levels of PRL, GH, TSH, and cortisol was studied
      after the oral administration of muscimol (3-hydroxy-5-aminomethylisoxazole) to
      human subjects with Huntington's disease (n = 4) and chronic schizophrenia (n =
      5). PRL levels rose significantly in a dose-dependent fashion within a 120-min
      time interval. GH rose significantly but modestly over the same time interval,
      whereas TSH and cortisol levels remained unchanged. Since muscimol is thought to
      be a potent and specific gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist, these data indicate
      that gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated neural transmission may function to
      stimulate the release of plasma PRL and GH in human subjects.

PMID- 162521
TI  - Studies on human sexual development. VI. Concentrations of unconjugated
      dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, and estriol in amniotic fluid throughout
      gestation.
AB  - Concentrations of unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, and estriol
      were measured in samples of amniotic fluid from uneventful pregnancies of 9-40
      weeks conceptual age. There was no apparent influence of fetal sex upon the
      levels of these steroids. Dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations rose slightly
      from 9-20 weeks, and then showed little further change. Estradiol concentrations
      declined slightly from 9-20 weeks; after 32 weeks gestation, there was a 2-fold
      rise to term. Estriol levels rose in almost exponential fashion throughout
      gestation.

PMID- 162522
TI  - The ventricular A wave: a new echocardiographic index of late diastolic filling
      of the left ventricle.
AB  - Echocardiography was used to evaluate the late diastolic filling period of the
      left ventricle in 30 normal individuals, 25 patients with left ventricular
      hypertrophy, normal sinus rhythm, and either a normal or delayed mitral valve
      closure, and 15 patients with atrial fibrillation. The echocardiographic
      ventricular A wave (VAW) was defined as the difference between the end-diastolic
      and an earlier late-diastolic internal left ventricular dimension, and it was
      felt to primarily reflect the atrial contribution to late diastolic filling of
      the left ventricle. It disappeared during ventricular pacing and was
      significantly smaller than normal in patients with atrial fibrillation. The VAW
      was significantly larger in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and normal
      mitral valve closure reflecting the greater contribution by atrial contraction to
      late diastolic filling in these patients. In patients with left ventricular
      hypertrophy and delayed mitral valve closure, the VAW was normal reflecting
      lesser ventricular enlargement with atrial contraction than in the other patients
      with left ventricular hypertrophy. This suggested a greater impairment to left
      ventricular filling in these patients. Therefore, the VAW appears to be an
      indicator of abnormalities of late diastolic filling caused by left ventricular
      hypertrophy.

PMID- 162523
TI  - Left ventricular function in beta-thalassemia and the effect of multiple
      transfusions.
AB  - Left ventricular performance was studied in 23 young patients with severe chronic
      anemia due to beta-thalassemia major and intermedia. The patients were divided
      into three groups according to the number of blood transfusions they had
      received. The left ventricle (LV) was enlarged in patients who had not received
      blood and larger still in patients who had received multiple transfusions.
      Echocardiography and systolic time interval measurements showed that systolic
      function of the LV was good in all the patients and that there was no statistical
      difference in systolic function in patients who had and those who had not
      received multiple transfusions. Heart rate was increased in the latter group.
      Stroke index and cardiac index were high, especially in patients in Group 3. The
      diastolic closure rate (EF slope) of the anterior mitral leaflet and its
      amplitude of movement were increased, but less so in Group 3; this may reflect an
      alteration in diastolic LV distensibility. The results indicate that despite the
      presence of cardiomegaly and severe clinical congestive heart failure, LV
      performance is well preserved in patients with beta-thalassemia, even in those
      who have received repeated blood transfusions. Clinical cardiac failure is the
      consequence of volume overload and abnormal chamber compliance. There was no
      evidence in this of a congestive cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 162524
TI  - Congenital tricuspid incompetence simulating pulmonary atresia with intact
      ventricular septum: a report of two cases.
AB  - Two infants with isolated congenital tricuspid incompetence appeared to have
      associated right ventricular outflow tract obstruction at diagnostic evaluation,
      including catheterization and cineangiography. One infant died during surgery;
      the other improved rapidly and survived with medical therapy. We discuss the
      problem of establishing the presence of patency of the right ventricular outflow
      tract in infants with massive tricuspid incompetence and outline an approach to
      the management of infants whose diagnosis remains unclear even after careful
      evaluation.

PMID- 162525
TI  - A genetic analysis of the Papillon-Lefevre syndrome in a Jewish family from
      Cochin.
AB  - The Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is segregating in a large kindred of a Jewish
      isolate originating from Cochin, India. The frequency of the gene responsible for
      PLS among the Cochin Jews, 0.1, was estimated from the number of unrelated
      carriers in the isolate who married into the kindred. The obvious discrepancy
      between this apparently high gene frequency and the total absence of PLS in other
      kindreds of the isolate suggests that the syndrome may not behave as a simple
      autosomal recessive trait.

PMID- 162526
TI  - A detailed description of mothers' knowledge before genetic counseling for Down
      syndrome: Part I.
AB  - This study focuses on counselees' knowledge of the Down syndrome before receiving
      genetic counseling. Data were collected from 47 mothers of children with the Down
      syndrome using a structured interview of 13 open-ended questions. This instrument
      was found to be both internally reliable and consistent. Results of this study
      document the enormous variation of counselees' knowledge of the Down syndrome
      before genetic counseling and show that this is positively associated with their
      educational background. Counselees with more than a high school education knew
      about 60% of the genetic information pertaining to the diagnosis before genetic
      counseling, while those with less than a high school education knew only 23% of
      this information before counseling. These results indicate that the better
      educated counselees are less apt to need to learn basic genetic information and
      may seek out genetic counseling services for other reasons. Possible motives are
      seeking knowledge confirmation, emotional support, and personalization of the
      information.

PMID- 162528
TI  - Keratodermia blennorrhagica and mucocutaneous manifestations of Reiter's
      syndrome.

PMID- 162527
TI  - Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis: first 1,000 successful cases.
AB  - From February 1969 to August 1976, we studied 1,048 amniotic fluids. Of these,
      958 (91.4%) were primarily for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis. Cytogenetic
      studies were attempted in 1,021 cases; the diagnosis was successful in 1,000 of
      these. The failure rate of obtaining a diagnosis from the amniotic fluid cell
      culture of the first amniocentesis was 5% (50 cases); 29 cases had a repeat tap
      and successful diagnosis was achieved in all. In 21 cases, a repeat tap was
      refused. Thus, the overall failure rate of obtaining a final cytogenetic
      diagnosis was 2.06% (21/1,021). There were 32 fetal losses after amniocentesis
      including 16 spontaneous second trimester abortions, 7 fetal deaths in utero and
      9 stillbirths. In two additional cases, fetal death had occurred before
      amniocentesis. This number of fetal losses does not exceed the number that would
      be expected in the same maternal age group without amniocentesis. In our series,
      the frequencies of trisomy in maternal age groups 40 years and over, 37-39 years,
      35-36 years, and under 35 years were 4.5, 3.14, 0 and 0% respectively. These
      frequencies are comparable to those reported from other prospective prenatal
      studies and higher than those of retrospective live born studies. Various
      problems and pitfalls in prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 162529
TI  - [Incorporation of H3-uridine in vitro into normal lymphocytes and those in cases
      of aberration of acrocentric chromosomes].
AB  - Literature data indicate that the formation of ribosomes is a basic function of
      the nucleolus. The formation of the nucleolus depends upon the function of the
      nucleolus organizing region (NOR). It was shown that in man the NOR locus is
      situated in secondary constrictions and adjacent segments of the short arms of
      acrocentric chromosomes of the D and G group. The presence of DNA sequences
      coding for 18 S and 28 S RNA i.e. ribosomal RNA (r-RNA), was demonstrated in the
      secondary constriction of acrocentric chromosomes using the RNA-DNA hybridization
      in situ method. The genes coding for 5 S RNA which is also a component of
      ribosomes, are located on other chromosomes. Therefore ribosome production should
      be considered a polygenic process, the genes situated in the NOR locus playing a
      basic role in its initiation. In cases of acrocentric chromosome aberration NOR
      "dosage" changes; in cases of regular trisomy there are 11 NOR "doses" instead of
      the normal 10, occurring in 5 pairs of group D and G chromosomes, in cases of
      translocation trisomy there are 9 such "doses" and in cases of balanced
      translocation carriers there are 8 "doses". Hence the following question: do
      changes in the NOR "dose" cause changes in ribosome production? Eventual changes
      should influence the intensity and/or the time course of r-RNA synthesis in cells
      stimulated to growth and differentiation . An approximate index for the study of
      this phenomenon is the 3H-uridine incorporation in an adequate experimental
      system. It seems that the most convenient model to study this phenomenon is the
      blastic transformation of lymphocytes induced by phytohaemagglutinin. This
      process has already been investigated in depth and is well known, the material
      being easily accessible. Venous blood was taken from 10 patients with 21 regular
      trisomy, 2 cases of 21 translocation trisomy and from 21 carriers of balanced
      translocations. Lymphocytes from 12 healthy persons with a normal karyotype
      served as controls. Lymphocytes in plasma were separated from whole blood and a
      routine macroculture was set up adding phaseoline of standardized mitogenic
      activity in the quantity 0.02 ml/ml of medium. The cells were incubated for 3, 6,
      12, 24 and 48 hours. One hour before termination of the incubation period 1
      microCi/ml 3H-uridine was added to the medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 162530
TI  - [Incorporation of C-14-glycine in vitro into normal human lymphocytes and those
      in cases of aberration of chromosome 21].
AB  - Since Caspersson 's and Brachet 's investigations it has been very well known
      that the nucleolus is a cellular center of protein synthesis regulation. Later it
      has been shown that the nucleolus is the site of ribosome production, that means
      that it produces one of the basic elements of the cytoplasmatic apparatus of
      protein synthesis. Morphologic observations demonstrated that the nucleolus in
      man is formed in close connection with secondary constrictions of acrocentric
      chromosomes of the D and G groups. These regions contain the nucleolus organizing
      region (locus NOR). By means of DNA-RNA hybridization in situ it has been
      established that the secondary constrictions of acrocentric chromosomes contain
      sequences coding ribosomal RNA synthesis. RNA synthetized on r-DNA matrix
      contained in NOR is transported to the nucleolus where ribonucleoprotein
      complexes are formed. Ribosome formation is the result of a complex process.
      Ribosomes are transported to the cytoplasm where they aggregate into
      polyribosomes on the rough ergastoplasmic reticulum. In this way the
      cytoplasmatic aparatus of protein synthesis is formed. Its activity depends on
      ribosome formation. In view of the above the question arises: will the presence
      of an additional chromosome coding r-RNA synthesis as in Down's syndrome, i.e. 21
      trisomy, influence the course of protein synthesis? Blastic transformation of
      lymphocytes in vitro induced by phytohaemagglutinin is a convenient model for the
      study of protein synthesis in cells stimulated to growth and differentiation.
      This phenomenon has been very well investigated. It is well known that blastic
      transformation is accompanied by intensification of RNA synthesis, ribosome
      formation and intensification of protein synthesis. The existing literature data
      allow to choose adequate methods and time points for the examination of the
      course of protein synthesis in this model. Venous blood was obtained from 17
      healthy humans with normal karyotype and from 15 cases of trisomy 21. After
      separation of plasma with lymphocytes routine cultures with addition of
      phaseoline were set up and were incubated 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. 14C-glycine
      was added one hour before the termination of the incubation period. Following
      this the number and differential count of lymphocytes were determined.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 162531
TI  - [A report on studies on the child's adaptation to school and family environment
      after neoplastic disease].
AB  - The objective of this study was to learn the course of child's adaptation process
      to school and family environment following the neoplastic disease. The study also
      aimed select the environment and personality factors influencing adaptation
      effect. The study pertains to the child's personality and how it works at home
      and at school. It also tries to get to know the child's environment. 65 children
      of different social environment were studied. Motor functions of these children
      were limited as the result of tumour disease. Special scale of adaptation was
      prepared when the research was over. By means of this sale two groups of children
      were distinguished: those who were well adapted to the environment and those who
      were not. Statistical analysis was used to compare the groups on account of the
      following factors: health factors including: a kind of tumour, duration of the
      disease, prevalence of pain, manipulation and locomotive abilities, visibility of
      handicap; sociological factors including: age and sex of studied persons, the
      place of residence and education of parent's, living standard of the family, a
      degree of family participation in cultural life of the society, mother's attitude
      towards the insane child. These factors allow to formulate the following
      dependences: The more a level of the child's locomotive functions, following
      neoplastic disease approaches to the standard, the more favourable course takes
      the process of child's adaptation to the family and peers. If a neoplastic
      disease leaves permanent and always visible handicap then child's adaptation
      effect to the environment is not favourable. An active participation of the
      family in socially life is beneficial for regular adaptation of a child.
      Personality development as the result of participation in cultural life allows
      socially accepted defence mechanism to work in stress situations connected with
      the disease. Parent's rational attitude towards an insane child correlates with a
      beneficial child's adaptation to an environment. Other factors did not
      differentiate the two groups statistically. During clinicalontgenetic analysis
      concerning particular studied cases, 3 models of nonfunctional adaptation were
      distinguished: maladjustment of aggressive type prevailing among the children
      with permanent physical handicap coming of families characteristic for socially
      nonaccepted standard of behaviour; maladjustment of neurotic type prevailing
      among the children coming of compliant families whose adult members manifest
      neurotic vegetative reactions in difficult situations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 162532
TI  - Nonverbal communication systems for the severely handicapped geriatric patients.

PMID- 162533
TI  - Maternal age and Down syndrome: age-specific incidence rates by single-year
      intervals.
AB  - Maternal age-specific risks of giving birth to a child with the Down syndrome
      (DS) are given by single-year age intervals. Such data are of value for more
      precise genetic counseling and in cost-benefit analyses of prenatal diagnosis
      programs. The data were obtained by linking records of children with DS at the
      British Columbia Health Surveillance Registry ( BCHSR ) to the appropriate birth
      registrations to derive maternal ages. The data related to 519 affected children
      out of a total of 354,880 live births in British Columbia between 1961 and 1970.
      The results, which are based on a high level of ascertainment, are compared to
      those reported in the only other published study relating to risks by single-year
      maternal age groupings, where completeness of ascertainment was estimated to be
      only 38%.

PMID- 162534
TI  - Wives of elderly disabled men: the hidden patients.

PMID- 162535
TI  - Influence of seminal additives and packaging systems on fertility of frozen
      bovine spermatozoa.
AB  - The following recommendations and conclusions are based upon results of fertility
      and laboratory studies, and general trends from field investigations. Fertility
      results due to the addition of enzymes have been variable and contradictory.
      Flushing of ampules with dry, gaseous nitrogen prior to filling has become a
      routine practice in processing semen to be frozen. For control of Vibrio fetus
      and Leptospira pomona, 2,000 micrograms of streptomycin and 1,000 u polymyxin B
      sulfate should be added per milliliter of raw semen immediately after collection.
      The extender for initial dilution should contain the same concentration of
      antibiotics used for raw semen plus 500 u penicillin. The glycerol portion of the
      extender should contain 500 u penicillin per milliliter. The effect of addition
      of sugars on fertility has been highly variable. The primary beneficial effect is
      probably due to their cryoprotective properties. A myriad of concoctions have
      been added to bovine semen and the results have been highly variable with respect
      to both motility and fertility. Results of subsequent experiments have rarely
      proven that addition of exotic compounds or mixtures has been of value. Higher
      mean fertility was obtained with semen in straws in 14 of 21 comparisons with
      ampules. The differences in favor of straws ranged from 1.1 to 18.9; while the
      range in favor of ampules was .1 to 4.4 percentage points. Fertility obtained
      with pellets has ranged from minus 12.8 to plus 11.9 percentage points in
      nonreturn rate (NR), compared to the corresponding NR with semen in ampules.
      Fertility of semen in ampules was higher in five of eight studies. Fertility of
      pelleted semen has ranged from minus 9.5 to plus 6.0 percentage points compared
      with straws. Fertility was higher for semen in pellets in only one of five
      investigations. Pellets should not be used until the potential for pathogenic
      contamination and exchange of spermatozoa among pellets is eliminated. There is a
      potential for higher fertility with semen in straws as compared to other
      packaging systems, but the issue of liquid nitrogen (LN) entry and possible
      contamination of semen should be further investigated. In general, fertility
      obtained with semen frozen in the .25 ml straw has been equal to or higher than
      semen in larger packages. However, they cannot be unequivocally recommended due
      to other considerations. From laboratory studies, it appears that greater
      spermatozoan survival is obtained when semen frozen in straws is thawed in water
      at 35 C or above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 162536
TI  - Isolation and characterization of nuclei from Neurospora crassa.
AB  - A procedure was developed for isolating nuclei from either the conidial or
      germinated conidial growth phase of Neurospora crassa. A frozen conidial
      suspension was lysed by passage through a French pressure cell, and the nuclei
      were freed from the broken cells by repeated homogenization in an Omni-Mixer.
      Pure nuclei were obtained from the crude nuclear fraction by density banding in a
      Ludox gradient. The final nuclear yield was 20 to 30%. The nuclei had a
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):ribonucleic acid (RNA):protein ratio of 1:3.5:7 and
      were active in RNA synthesis. The nuclei, stained with the DNA stain 4,6
      diamidino-2-phenylindole, appeared under fluorescence microscopy as bright blue
      spheres, 1 micron in diameter, essentially free from cytoplasmic attachments.
      Chromatin extracted from the nuclei in a 70 to 75% yield by dissociation with 2 M
      sodium chloride and 5 M urea had a DNA:RNA:protein ratio of 1:1.05:1.7. Chromatin
      reconstituted from this preparation exhibited a level of RNA polymerase template
      activity lower than that of pure Neurospora DNA, but the maximum level of
      reconstitution obtained was only 10%. Fractionation of Neurospora chromatin on
      hydroxylapatite separated the histones from the chromatin acidic proteins. The
      normal complement of histone proteins was present in both the reconstituted and
      dissociated chromatin preparations. The acidic protein fraction exhibited a
      variety of bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis ranging in
      molecular weight from 15,000 to 70,000. The gel pattern was much more complex for
      total dissociated chromatin than for reconstituted chromatin.

PMID- 162537
TI  - Isolation and characterization of nondefective transducing lambda bacteriophages
      carrying fla genes of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - In Escherichia coli K-12, 11 fla genes and a hag gene are located between his and
      uvrC, making two clusters at map positions 42.5 and 43.0 min. Nondefective
      transducing lambda phages for these genes were isolated. Low-frequency
      transducing donors were constructed starting from lysogens of lambda cI857 in
      which the prophage is integrated at a secondary attachment site at 44 min on the
      E. coli map. Two strategies were used to delete the region between the prophage
      and the fla genes. Deletion mutants of the supD locus between fla and the
      prophage were isolated by selecting for loss of Su1+, an allele of supD. A strain
      with a deletion starting within the prophage and ending at a position close to
      the fla genes was isolated from heat-resistant derivatives of the lysogen. A
      lysogen of lambda b2 was then constructed in which the prophage had integrated at
      the site of the defective prophage by means of recombination with residual lambda
      deoxyribonucleic acid. From low-frequency-transducing lysate of the donor strains
      thus constructed, either directly or in combination with a procedure that extends
      the loci transduced, various lambda pfla's were isolated. lambda pflaL1 carries
      all nine fla genes at 43 min, and lambda pflaH14 carries hag and two fla genes at
      42.5 min.

PMID- 162539
TI  - Physiological testing in clinical angiology.

PMID- 162538
TI  - Leprosy disabilities in the New Hebrides.

PMID- 162540
TI  - Aorticopulmonary window associated with tetralogy of Fallot. Report of one case
      and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of aorticopulmonary window associated with tetralogy of Fallot is reported
      with its clinical, hemodynamic, angiocardiographic, surgical, and necropsy
      findings. The difficulty in diagnosing a tetralogy of Fallot in the presence of a
      large aorticopulmonary shunt is emphasized. It is also noted that the only means
      of discovering the infundibular stenosis of the right ventricle is by
      angiocardiographic study of the right ventricular outflow tract. The difficulty
      in distinguishing truncus arteriosus from an aorticopulmonary window coexisting
      with a ventricular septal defect is discussed, and it is pointed out that the
      only means of differentiating these two anomalies is the angiocardiographic
      finding of two sigmoid valves. An embryological hypothesis concerning the
      pathogenesis of this association is also discussed.

PMID- 162541
TI  - In vitro assays of the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in controlling Chlamydia
      trachomatis propagation.
AB  - The antimicrobial susceptibility of a low-laboratory-passage, slow-growing,
      genital Chlamydia trachomatis strain was studied by five different procedures
      with the use of McCoy cells pretreated with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. The effects of
      antimicrobial agents when added to cultures on day 0 or day 2 after inoculation
      with C. trachomatis and the effects of washing and reincubating treated cultures
      in antimicrobial-free media were investigated. Tetracycline and erythromycin
      inhibited C. trachomatis growth at concentrations attainable in human serum,
      although their actions were reversible and significantly higher concentrations
      were needed to "cure" 48-h infected cultures. On a weight basis, spectinomycin
      was relatively ineffective in inhibiting C. trachomatis growth. The minimal
      inhibitory concentration of penicillin measured by our assay procedures was
      higher than that reported by other investigators. The five assay procedures used
      in this study were reproducible, and our results indicate that we can obtain more
      pertinent information about the efficacy of an antimicrobial agent in controlling
      C. trachomatis growth by using a combination of these assays than by simple
      minimal inhibitory concentration determinations, as had been previously described
      by other investigators. In addition, we failed to demonstrate changes in
      tetracycline susceptibility of C. trachomatis isolates from two patients who had
      received tetracycline therapy.

PMID- 162542
TI  - Thymocyte-macrophage roles in autoimmune diseases.
AB  - Thymocytes and macrophages can be involved in the generation and perpetuation of
      autoimmune disorders in many ways. Evidence continues to mount for their active
      role. Although a significant association seems likely, one should remember that B
      cells and complement-directed granulocyte destruction may be equally if not more
      important. Furthermore, a combination of processes is not precluded by any
      fundamental biological law. Appropriate and effective therapy requires acceptance
      of this concept and further studies should attempt to define the
      interrelationships of these processes and focus upon methodology to determine
      their relative roles in a given situation.

PMID- 162543
TI  - Low back pain in the primary care setting.
AB  - A study of the natural presentation, course, and treatment of low back pain in
      the primary care setting was undertaken. One hundred and forty-four charts
      listing low back pain as a problem were reviewed at a family practice center for
      a period of one year. A profile of the patient evaluated by the primary care
      physician emerged, revealing a high incidence of associated weight problems (70
      percent), psychologic problems (33 percent), and hypertension (19 percent). The
      rate of actual or suspected disc disease (1.4 percent) was much lower than that
      reported in series from referral centers. This study of low back pain in the
      primary care setting illustrates the usefulness of outpatient study in defining a
      problem category, recognizing disease as a symptom complex, suggesting modalities
      of treatment, and designing a curriculum for the primary care physician.

PMID- 162544
TI  - Experimental evaluation of anterior chamber lenses fixated with Dacron.
AB  - Four new designs for anterior chamber intraocular lenses using Dacron fibers to
      achieve fixation were studied. After implantation in rabbit eyes, no lens
      dislocation occurred. Postmortem examination found firm Dacron adherence to iris
      tissue in all eyes. Clinically, no difference was noted in the amount of
      inflammation in eyes receiving a lens with or without Dacron. One new lens design
      was found to have substantial advantages over the other three models. However, a
      high incidence of corneal edema was found following insertion of all four
      experimental lenses.

PMID- 162545
TI  - The skin in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The characteristic oily skin in individuals with parkinsonism has long been
      observed by clinicians. The oiliness seems to be associated with periods when the
      disease is most active. This seborrhea has been observed particularly in post
      encephalitic parkinsonism, as well as in idiopathic paralysis agitans. It also
      occurs in phenothiazine-induced parkinsonism.

PMID- 162546
TI  - A more precise diagnosis for low-back pain.
AB  - Five common syndromes productive of low-back and leg pain are presented as the
      basis for clinical investigation to arrive at an early and definite diagnosis in
      low-back pain problems. The five are posterior facet syndromes, sacroiliac
      piriformis syndrome, herniated nucleus pulposus, central spinal stenosis, and
      nerve entrapment in the lateral recess. All may present with a common symptom
      complex of low-back, buttock, trochanteric, and posterior thigh pain. Specific
      details from history, physical, and radiographic examination may allow separation
      of these entities, but proof of diagnosis requires data from response to
      treatment, facet and nerve injection, myelography, discography, and computerized
      tomography (CT) scan.

PMID- 162547
TI  - Lumbar discography. Its value in diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc lesions.
AB  - Lumbar discography has been performed in over 1500 patients at St. Luke's
      Episcopal Hospital, and a report concerning 683 cases has been previously
      published. The authors review an additional 199 cases, finding that decision
      making was influenced by discography in 155 cases (78%). A positive discogram was
      surgically confirmed in 111 patients (56%). In 14(7%) the disc was found to be
      normal at surgery. One hundred six patients (53%) had positive discograms with
      negative or equivocal myelogram. In 36 patients with a positive myelogram, the
      discogram was corroborative, although most patients with positive myelograms did
      not have discography. Sixty-nine patients (35%) did not have surgery.

PMID- 162548
TI  - Biomechanical testing as an aid to decision making in low-back pain patients.
AB  - Frequently, the diagnosis of disease of the low back is a difficult matter due to
      the multitude of factors affecting the patient's symptoms. In this report an
      attempt is made to use biomechanical testing to objectify certain aspects of the
      diagnostic process. Our philosophy is that a biomechanical assessment is one of
      the disciplines that should be brought to bear on the low-back pain patient. A
      group of biomechanical tests has been developed by adding quantitative
      measurement techniques to certain standard clinical maneuvers: muscle testing,
      range of motion testing, and straight leg raising testing. Moire fringe
      topography is employed for studying posture. Results of application of these
      techniques to 117 patients and 10 controls indicate potential utility in the
      method for epidemiologic and clinical research.

PMID- 162549
TI  - A lumbar disc surgery predictive score card. A retrospective evaluation.
AB  - This report assessed the relationship between patient selection and the outcome
      of lumbar disc surgery. Patient selecting is assessed by means of a predictive
      scoring technique previously reported. Because of the dynamic and ever-changing
      status of the lumbar spine with the passage of time, patient selectivity seems to
      be less critical after 5 years. For the first 5 years, however, the outcome of
      lumbar disc surgery seems to be directly related to patient selectivity.

PMID- 162550
TI  - The role of laminectomy, facet rhizotomy, and epidural steroids.
AB  - A retrospective review of the treatment of chronic back and extremity pain is
      presented. Laminectomy is most effective for pain secondary to direct compression
      of the neural elements. Treatment of pseudoradicular pain requires identification
      of the source of pain input. Facet rhizotomy is specific for pain arising from
      the posterior primary rami. Pain input from the recurrent sinuvertebral nerve
      requires epidural injection.

PMID- 162551
TI  - Epidemiologic and clinical studies of long-term prognosis of low-back pain and
      sciatica.
AB  - In order to justify the selection of therapeutic measures for low-back pain and
      sciatica, epidemiologic and clinical studies were performed of the natural
      histories or the long-term prognosis of those symptoms. The main conclusions
      drawn in relation to decision making are as follows: low-back pain is more
      frequent than sciatica or intermittent claudication, but the latter is more
      disabling; acute attacks are generally more disabling than chronic pain, and the
      frequency may be more closely related to poor prognosis than the duration;
      radiologic findings are of little value in differentiating the incidence and
      degree of the symptoms during life; myelographic or peridurographic abnormalities
      do not always suggest poor prognosis.

PMID- 162552
TI  - Reliability and reproducibility of clinical findings in low-back pain.
AB  - The data obtained from the history and examination of patients with low-back pain
      and sciatica have been subjected to an observer variation analysis. Redesign of
      the proformata resulted in a reduction of the observer error from 33% to 18% for
      the history, but no improvement in the finding of a 30% observer error in the
      examination. The clinician has a simple choice: if he wishes to obtain a large
      amount of detailed information he must realize that much of it will be
      unreliable; if he is prepared to limit the information then he will increase its
      reliability.

PMID- 162553
TI  - Histocompatibility genes and transplantation antigens.

PMID- 162554
TI  - Mixed-lymphocyte-culture studies in man.

PMID- 162555
TI  - Kynureninases: enzymological properties and regulation mechanism.

PMID- 162556
TI  - Mitochondrial ATPase.
AB  - Considerable progress has been made in recent years in our understanding of the
      phosphorylating apparatus in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria. It has
      become clear that the structure and the function of the ATP synthesizing
      apparatus in these widely divergent organisms is similar if not virtually
      identical. The subunit composition of F1, its molecular architecture, the
      location and function of substrate binding sites, as well as putative control
      sites, understanding of the component parts of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase
      complex, and the role of these components in the function of the complex all are
      under active investigation in many laboratories. The developing information and
      the new insights provided have begun to permit experimental approaches, at the
      molecular level, to the mode of action of the ATPase in electron-transport
      coupled ATP synthesis.

PMID- 162558
TI  - Rectus hematoma: a clinical diagnosis confirmed by ultrasound.
AB  - In 2 women the diagnosis of rectus hematoma could be established by ultrasound
      and the further clinical course. Echoscopy is stressed as a technique which is
      helpful to the patient and the clinician in avoiding unnecessary operations.

PMID- 162557
TI  - Four cases of pregnancy with low estrogen production due to placental enzymatic
      deficiency.
AB  - 4 cases of normal pregnancies associated with low estriol excretion and resulting
      in healthy infants are described, in which by in vitro studies on the placentas a
      steroid 3-sulfatase deficiency was found in 3 cases and a lack of activity of the
      aromatizing system was found in the 4th case. A reduced activity of the
      aromatizing system was also shown in one of the cases affected by steroid 3
      sulfatase defect. The placental 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 4,5
      isomerase system was measured in 3 cases and results were normal. The repetition
      of the specific lack of steroid 3-sulfatase was observed in 2 successive
      pregnancies of the same patient (case T.C.). It is interesting to note that, at
      variance with other reports, this patient delivered 2 fetuses, both female.

PMID- 162559
TI  - Enlarged left atrium causing possible false positive echocardiographic diagnosis
      of pericardial effusion.
AB  - Echocardiographic examination in a patient with IHSS, mitral insufficiency, and
      cardiomegaly suggested the possibility of a pericardial effusion.
      Echocardiographic M-mode scanning documented the continuity of the space
      posterior to the pericardium with an enlarged left atrium. Subsequent
      cineangiographic studies confirmed an enlarged left atrium and the absence of
      pericardial effusion. Left atrial enlargement may cause a false positive
      echocardiographic diagnosis of pericardial effusion.

PMID- 162560
TI  - Oxalate, calcium uptake and ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.
AB  - Ca++-uptake and Mg++-Ca++-dependent ATPase activity of skeletal muscle
      sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were reciprocally affected by increasing the
      oxalate concentration from 0 to 4 mM. At 0-0.1 mM oxalate approximately 17% of
      the calcium was removed by the vesicles from the medium while the ATPase activity
      was maximal (approximately 0.66 mumoles Pi mg-1 protein min-1). Between 0.1 to
      0.2 mM oxalate the ATPase activity was reduced to one-fifth but the uptake rose
      sharply and 100% of the 45Ca++ was removed from the medium. The uptake was
      maintained at this level at oxalate concentrations greater than 0.4 mM but the
      ATPase activity remained inhibited. The kinetics of Ca++-uptake and ATPase
      activity were also differentially affected by oxalate. In the presence of
      oxalate, ruthenium red had only a very slight inhibitory effect on the calcium
      uptake. Addition of 0.1 mM EGTA removed 80% of the Ca++ from preloaded vesicles
      within 10 min. The formation of insoluble Ca-oxalate salt on the surface of the
      vesicle is suggested by these results. Calculations based on the Ksp of the
      calcium oxalate salt are presented to show its formation and the possible
      speciation of a Ca-oxalate complex which may affect the Ca++-uptake and ATPase
      activity.

PMID- 162562
TI  - Skin and nail infections by non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi.

PMID- 162561
TI  - Onychomycoses in the laboratory.

PMID- 162563
TI  - Pityrosporum ovale and acne vulgaris.

PMID- 162564
TI  - Pityrosporum in normal sebaceous follicles, comedones, acneiform eruptions, and
      dandruff.

PMID- 162565
TI  - Effect of fluoride on Ca2+- and Mg2+-stimulated ATPase in mitochondria of rat
      lung.

PMID- 162566
TI  - The conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to estrogen--a dynamic placental
      function test.

PMID- 162567
TI  - Exercise testing using Doppler ultrasound and xenon clearance techniques.

PMID- 162569
TI  - A measure of blood flow from a frequency analysed ultrasonic Doppler signal.

PMID- 162568
TI  - The clinical use and value of non-invasive diagnostic techniques in peripheral
      arterial occlusive disease.
AB  - The clinician confronted with the need for the objective evaluation of peripheral
      vascular problem has a variety of simple noninvasive techniques available which
      can prove highly useful in the early detection of occlusive disease, its
      functional assessment and in the selection of those problems which requires
      further definitive evaluation by angiographic methods. The non-invasive
      techniques offer the additional advantage of applicability to the serial
      evaluation of patients before and after surgical or medical therapy.

PMID- 162570
TI  - Platelet lysis and aggregation in shear fields.
AB  - A rotational viscometer was used to study the effects of shear stress on
      platelets in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). For 5-min exposure times, shear
      stresses above 160 dynes/cm2 induced platelet lysis (as determined by release of
      platelet lactic dehydrogenase). For 30-s exposure times, shear stresses greater
      than 600 dynes/cm2 were required to induce platelet lysis. The platelet counts of
      sheared PRP were decreased to as low as one-fifth the original count due largely
      to shear-induced aggregation. The count is a minimum at intermediate stress
      levels (200-400 dynes/cm2). Higher stresses induce disaggregation as well as
      lysis. The diminution in the counts was partially reversed in 2 h incubation
      after cessation of shearing. Experiments were carried out with three different
      viscometer configurations so that the shear stress and the solid surface area
      access could be varied independently. Surface access was not a significant
      variable in the conditions of the experiments. Thus aggregation and lysis may be
      induced by stress effects alone as well as by solid surface effects. The results
      also show that the response of platelets to shear stress is strongly dependent on
      exposure time. Platelets are much less resistant to shear stress than red cells
      for relatively long exposure times. However, the converse is true for very short
      exposure times.

PMID- 162571
TI  - Postocclusion and postexercise flow velocity and ankle pressures in normals and
      marathon runners.

PMID- 162572
TI  - Clinical studies on peripheral hemodynamics in arterial hypertension.
AB  - Digital blood pressure and flow were measured in both normal subjects and
      patients with essential hypertension by means of the apparatus which have been
      recently devised, and peripheral vascular resistance was calculated according to
      Poiseuille's law in order to compare them. 1. Digital blood pressure is higher,
      the digital blood flow is less and the peripheral vascular resistance is stronger
      in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensives. 2. Hypertensive
      patients with ischemic heart disease, calcification of the aortic arch, left
      ventricular hypertrophy and heart size greater than 53% of the cardio-thoracic
      ratio were higher in the digital pressure, less in the digital flow, and stronger
      in the peripheral vascular resistance than those without these findings of the
      heart and the aortic arch. 3. The curve of relationship obtained from many cases
      of both normotensives and hypertensives between the digital blood flow and the
      peripheral vascular resistance forms a hyperbola. 4. Peripheral vascular
      resistance in both normotensives and hypertensives increased gradually with age
      up to 50-60 years, and decreased slightly thereafter. The resistance was stronger
      in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensives through all ages.

PMID- 162574
TI  - [Problems in registration responsibility for handicapped patients].

PMID- 162573
TI  - The presence and properties of Mg2+-HCO3(-)-stimulated and SCN(-)-inhibited
      ATPase in mouse kidney and some relationships between ATPase and carbonic
      anhydrase.

PMID- 162575
TI  - [Methodology of regional recording of handicapped patients].

PMID- 162576
TI  - Study of cortical spindles during sleep in the rat.
AB  - A systematic analysis of the dorsally accessible cortical areas has been
      undertaken so as to study the space-time distribution, the intrinsic
      characteristics and the physiological appearance modalities of cortical spindles
      in the rat. After falling asleep, the animal presents anterior spindles of which
      the number, duration and amplitude increase as sleep with slow waves deepens.
      These spindles are fully developed during intermediate state which precedes and
      follows paradoxical sleep, where they are associated with a theta rhythm in the
      hippocampus and the visual cortex. These spindles, at their maximum in anterior
      regions, lose intensity as one approaches the cerebellum. Uniquely during slow
      wave phase of sleep, the rat presents posterior spindles which are predominant in
      the occipital region, are less marked in parietal and cerebellar regions and
      disappear in the frontal cortex. Less frequent than anterior spindles, they are
      significantly distinguished by their lower amplitude, higher frequency and
      shorter duration.

PMID- 162577
TI  - Muscle structure and function in the goose, quail, pheasant, guinea hen, and
      chicken.
AB  - 1. Metabolic functions, fiber composition and, in some cases, mitochondrial
      morphology have been investigated in the pectoralis major and sartorius of the
      goose, quail, pheasant, guinea-hen, broiler chicken and laying hen. 2. In the
      pectoralis only two types of fibers, red and white twitch fibers, are found in
      all birds studied except in the quail, where a third twitch fiber also occurs.
      Red fibers form the main part in the quail and goose, white fibers in the rest.
      In the sartorius at least three types of fibers, two twitch and one tonus are
      found in all birds except in the guinea-hen where only two fibers can be found.
      3. The metabolic pattern of the muscles, based on determination of specific
      activities of metabolic key enzymes, varies greatly among the birds. Three groups
      can be discerned from the ratio between aerobic and anaerobic activities or
      between fatty acid oxidation and carbohydrate metabolism. The metabolic patterns
      are reflected in the fiber combinations of the muscles. 4. The size and number of
      the mitochondria vary among different animals and different fiber types. The
      metabolism of red and white fibers is discussed.

PMID- 162578
TI  - A comparative study of brain Ca2+-ATPases.
AB  - 1. Particulate brain ATPases from various vertebrates were optimally activated by
      Ca2+, Mg2+ or Mn2+. 2. Specific enzyme activity with AT32P as substrate was low
      in lower vertebrates and increased on the evolutionary scale. 3. The properties
      of the brain ATPases suggested that most of the activity was associated with
      plasma membrane ecto-ATPase.

PMID- 162579
TI  - Changes in the specific activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase in the rat
      epididymis with age.
AB  - The specific activity of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase was
      determined in the caput and cauda of the epididymis of rats as a function of age.
      The activity peaks at six weeks of age in both parts of the epididymis but is
      higher in the cauda. The results indicate a relationship between changes
      occurring in sperm in the epididymis and the lysosomal enzymes.

PMID- 162580
TI  - Effects of high hydrostatic pressures on the activity of the membrane ATPases of
      some organs implicated in hydromineral regulation.
AB  - 1. The effects of high hydrostatic pressures have been studied on the ATPases
      extracted from tissues implicated in iono- and osmoregulation of a frog and
      various teleostean fishes. Pressure affects enzyme activity in the same
      qualitative way, whatever the tissue and the species considered. 2. The Mg2+
      ATPase activity is maximally enhanced at 250 kg/cm2. A slight inhibition is
      observed at higher pressures up to 1000 kg/cm2. 3. The (Na+ + K+)ATPase is little
      affected by low pressures but strongly inhibited at 500 kg/cm2 and more. 4. The
      results are discussed in terms of pressure effects on the recently described
      protein-lipid interaction linked to ATPase activity.

PMID- 162581
TI  - Control of ciliary activity in paramecium--IV. Ca2+ modification of Mg2+
      dependent dynein ATPase activity.
AB  - 1. Dynein proteins were solubilized from demembranated cilia of Paramecium by
      extraction at high ionic strength. 2. Mg2+-dependent ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) activity
      of crude dynein extracts was inhibited by micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ ions.
      3. Sepharose 4B chromatography of the crude extracts yields three dynein
      fractions. The major fraction contains a single protein and is insensitive to
      Ca2+ ions. Two other fractions, both heterogeneous in composition, show opposing
      Ca2+ ion sensitivity expressed as a Ca2+ dependent alteration in MgATP2-
      dependent ATPase activity. The Ca2+ ion sensitive forms show altered
      electrophoretic mobility on native polyacrylamide gels in the presence and
      absence of Ca2+ ions. 4. The data provides evidence for a Ca2+ ion dependent
      concomitant alteration in both molecular form and hydrolytic activity of the
      dyneins. The results are discussed in terms of a possible molecular mechanism for
      Ca ion regulation of ciliary activity in terms of the sliding microtubule model.

PMID- 162582
TI  - [Chagas myocardiopathy. Presentation of a case].
AB  - 1. The first case of Chagasic Miocardiopathy with complete immunologic
      confirmation is described. 2. The clinical, radiological, and
      electrocardiographic basis of the case were analyzed. 3. The specificity and the
      sensibility to the different seroimmunologic reactions in the Chagasic Disease
      was discussed. 4. An emphasis is placed on the fact that Chagas illness is not a
      rare entity in the Mexican Republic. 5. We recommend that a campaign of serologic
      investigation is begin to discover the true frequency of this illness.

PMID- 162583
TI  - Adenosine triphosphatase activities in Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - 1. Subcellular fractions obtained from epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi,
      disrupted by three different procedures, contained in addition to the already
      known Mg2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase; E.C.3.6.1.4), a Ca2+
      ATPase activity. 2. The Ca2+-ATPase (a) was activated by low concentrations of
      CaCl2 (apparent Ka, 80 microM); (b) had a Km for ATP of 0.6 mM (at 1 mM CaCl2, pH
      8.0); (c) presented a broad pH curve (optimum 7.1-8.6); and (d) was insensitive
      to oligomycin concentrations which inhibited the Mg2+-ATPase present in the same
      preparations. 3. All attempts to find a (Na+-K+)-activated, ouabain-inhibited,
      ATPase have been unsuccessful, in spite of the fact that living epimastigoes of
      T. cruzi are able to concentrate K+ and exclude Na+ from the medium.

PMID- 162584
TI  - Solubilization and some properties of the Mg2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase
      from Trypanosoma cruzi.
AB  - 1. Grinding of epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi with glass powder in a mortar
      yielded a Mg2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) preparation which was
      highly sensitive to oligomycin. 2. Chloroform treatment of the particles resulted
      in the solubilization of an ATPase which was (a) activated by MgCl2; (b) slightly
      inhibited by CaCl2; (c) activated by sulphite and bisulphite; (d) had an optimum
      pH of 7.6; and (e) had a Km for ATP of 2.1 mM (in the presence of 4 mM MgCl2). 3.
      The solubilized enzyme was insensitive to oligomycin and leucinostatin, which
      inhibited the membrane-bound ATPase, though inhibited by efrapeptin and
      quercetin. 4. The results indicate that the chloroform-extracted enzyme is a
      soluble F1-ATPase similar to those isolated from mammalian mitochondria.

PMID- 162585
TI  - Purification and properties of two isoenzymes of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from
      Turbo cornutus.
AB  - 1. beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase isoenzymes from the gastropod, T. cornutus, were
      purified and their properties studied. 2. The two isoenzymes, designated A and B
      were separated by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography and further purified by CM
      cellulose, Concanavalin-A-Sepharose-4B and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography.
      3. beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase A and B were purified 416 and 208 fold, with
      yields of 10.6 and 5.1%, respectively. 4. The two isoenzymes appear homogeneous
      on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with the A form migrating faster towards
      the anode than the B form. 5. The purified isoenzymes are virtually free of all
      other common glycosidase contaminations. 6. The apparent molecular weight of both
      beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A and B is about 100,000 when estimated with gel
      filtration column chromatography and the pH optimum for both is 4.0. 7. Both beta
      N-acetylhexosaminidase isoenzyme activities are stimulated by Cl-, Br-, F-, I-
      and NO3-, and inhibited by Hg+, Ag+, Fe3+, N-acetylglucosamine and N
      acetylgalactosamine. 8. The Km values of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A and B for
      the substrate p-nitrophenyl-beta-2-acetamide-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranoside were 2.9
      and 3.2 mM, respectively.

PMID- 162586
TI  - Structural comparison of hexosaminidases in primates.
AB  - 1. beta-Hexosaminidase (hex) structure was compared in various primates, using
      thin-layer isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels and quantitative
      microcomplement fixation. 2. Isoelectric focusing revealed no intraspecies
      differences and similar interspecies patterns. 3. Hex A and B are evolving at a
      moderate, but equal, rate and in a manner consistent with accepted phylogenetic
      patterns. 4. Quantitative microcomplement fixation revealed a closer homology
      between human hex A and chimpanzee A or human hex B and chimpanzee hex B than
      between human hex A and human hex B.

PMID- 162587
TI  - Effects of acute starvation on carbohydrate metabolism in rat salivary glands.
AB  - 1. Effects of acute starvation on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were
      determined in rat submandibular and parotid glands. 2. Activities of glycolytic
      enzymes were high in submandibular gland, but those of pentose phosphate pathway
      and glycogen metabolism were high in parotid gland. 3. Enzyme activities were
      lowered by acute starvation. Refeeding the rats with solid diet restored the
      enzyme activities, but with liquid diet, only partial recoveries were found in
      submandibular gland.

PMID- 162588
TI  - Ca2+-activated adenosinetriphosphatase activity in the gills of freshwater-and
      seawater-adapted eels (Anguilla rostrata).
AB  - 1. Ca2+ -activated ATPase activity was higher in the gills of freshwater
      acclimated eels than in the gills of seawater acclimated eels. 2. The properties
      of the enzyme and the amount of protein extracted were identical in freshwater
      and seawater acclimated eels.

PMID- 162589
TI  - Isoenzyme patterns of cultured Trypanosoma cruzi: changes after prolonged
      subculture.
AB  - 1. The isoenzyme patterns of four soluble enzymes in seven stocks of T. cruzi
      were determined by electrophoresis. According to their patterns they could be
      classified into four sets. 2. The isoenzyme patterns of two stocks were
      influenced by the number of subcultures. 3. Five stocks from man are distinct
      from those derived from a silvatic reservoir. 4. Since the isoenzyme patterns of
      a stock isolated from a patient with acute disease were similar to those of a
      silvatic reservoir, its recent introduction into the domiciliary cycle is
      postulated.

PMID- 162590
TI  - ATPase stimulated by Na+ or K+ in gills of the freshwater mussel Anodonta.
AB  - 1. Microsomal preparations from the gills of the freshwater mussel anodonta
      cygnea cellensis show Mg2+ -dependent Na+ - or K+ -stimulated ATPase activity,
      which is not inhibited by ouabain. 2. Na+ - or Ka+ -ATPase activity is decreased
      by Ca2+, acetylcholine, choline, and tetramethylammonium, but slightly increased
      by ethyl alcohol. 3. It is tentatively suggested that Na+ - or K+ -ATPase is
      involved in the mechanism of active monovalent cation uptake through the gills of
      freshwater mussels.

PMID- 162591
TI  - Oral 13-cis-retinoic acid in severe acne.

PMID- 162592
TI  - Attempts to simplify the phage-typing methodology of staphylococci and to
      increase their typability.

PMID- 162593
TI  - Total, soluble and ionizable iron in food.

PMID- 162594
TI  - [Diagnostic and operative laparoscopy in gynecology].

PMID- 162595
TI  - [Laparoscopy in gynecology-obstetrics. Preliminary report].

PMID- 162596
TI  - [Analysis of 340 cases of salpingoclasis using laparoscopy].

PMID- 162597
TI  - [Several technical details on the laparoscopic biopsy of the ovary].

PMID- 162598
TI  - [Laparoscopy as a diagnostic method in gynecology. Analysis of 1000 cases].

PMID- 162599
TI  - [Physiopathology of amenorrhea caused by medroxyprogesterone acetate].

PMID- 162600
TI  - Pyrolytic carbon-coated Dacron grafts.
AB  - A new pyrolytic carbon surface (ULTI) was tested on a loosely knitted dacron
      substrate in dogs. Patency was 97.5% as compared with a control of 33%. Physical
      properties of the dacron were not altered by the ULTI carbon deposition process.
      This modified pyrolytic carbon on a dacron substrate is a very promising vascular
      biomaterial for small vessel replacement.

PMID- 162601
TI  - Noninvasive measurement of arterial blood flow by means of a nuclear magnetic
      resonance flowmeter.

PMID- 162602
TI  - Platelet changes with in vivo exposure to prosthetic arterial surfaces.

PMID- 162603
TI  - Coronary resistance in left ventricular hypertrophy.

PMID- 162604
TI  - Regional perfusion abnormalities in hypertrophied left ventricle measured by
      hydrogen polarography.

PMID- 162605
TI  - Effect of intracavitary ventricular filling pressure on coronary flow
      distribution, water content, and compliance in hypertrophied hearts.

PMID- 162606
TI  - Nonspecific suppressor cells generated in vitro are lymphoblasts.

PMID- 162607
TI  - In vitro generation of suppressor cells in mouse and human mixed leukocyte
      cultures: potential treatment modality in organ transplantation.

PMID- 162608
TI  - Absence of immunologic memory in recipients of enhanced renal allografts.

PMID- 162609
TI  - Surgical immunodepression: role of splenic suppressor cells.

PMID- 162610
TI  - Otologic manifestations of Down's syndrome.

PMID- 162611
TI  - Concanavalin A-activated suppressor cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of
      urologic cancer patients.

PMID- 162612
TI  - Nonspecific suppressor cells in peripheral blood of patients with urologic
      cancers.

PMID- 162613
TI  - Monitoring host immune response in patients with bladder cancer.

PMID- 162614
TI  - Long-stay patients in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.
AB  - In September 1974 a study was made of all residents of the East London Borough of
      Tower Hamlets, aged 65 or more, who were known to have been receiving continuous
      medical and nursing care in hospital for more than a year. There were 91
      geriatric and approximately 100 psychiatric patients, representing just under 1
      per cent of the population over 65. Eighty geriatric and 15 psychiatric patients
      were studied in detail. Physical and mental incapacity were assessed on the basis
      of performance of practical tasks and simple tests of ability, and social
      incapacity from a study of social circumstances. Both geriatric and psychiatric
      patients showed extreme disability. Geriatric patients showed physical and
      intellectual incapacity, psychiatric patients intellectual incapacity. The
      commonest diagnosis among geriatric patients was dementia (70 per cent). Social
      factors, while unfavourable, did not in themselves account for prolonged hospital
      stay. The finding of only a very small number of long-stay patients handicapped
      by physical disability alone suggests that the majority of such patients are at
      home.

PMID- 162615
TI  - [Hemostatic pastes].

PMID- 162616
TI  - Enzyme typing of human hair roots.
AB  - Sufficient phosphoglucomutase activity was found to be present in plucked hair
      noses bearing either fragmentary or complete outer root sheaths to enable typing
      of individual roots by starch-gel electrophoresis. Hair roots collected by
      brushing were found to contain very little PGM activity. Other isoenzyme systems
      were detected in hair roots but in insufficient quantities to make typing
      feasible.

PMID- 162617
TI  - [Structural and enzymatic changes in the islets of the rat pancreas following
      alloxan and streptozotocin administration].

PMID- 162618
TI  - Pathophysiology and treatment of Escherichia coli enteric infections in calves.

PMID- 162619
TI  - [Report of a cased of carcinoma of the hypopharynx successfully treated by
      immediate pharyngogastrostomy (author's transl)].
AB  - The treatment of carcinoma of the lower part of the pharynx and upper oesophagus
      presents many difficulties. One of the outstanding problems being that of repair
      of the defect after excision of the pharyngo-oesophageal portion of the
      alimentary tract. This paper describes an operation in which the mobilized
      stomach is transposed after blunt dissection of the oesophagus via a posterior
      mediastinal tunnel without thoracotomy to a position high in the neck, with
      anastomosis of the fundus to the pharynx at the level of vallecula. This type of
      oesophagectomy was first tried bei Turner 1936 for carcinoma of the thoracic
      oesophagus. The main advantage of this form of repair is that it can restore
      normal swallowing within a few days in this difficult clinical situation.

PMID- 162620
TI  - [The immunglobulin-content of human parotid saliva (author's transl)].
AB  - By means of radial immundiffusion, the content of IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE in 22
      healthy persons was measured. The parotid saliva has been collected under
      standardized stimulation-conditions in 10 minutes-fractions during a time of 30
      minutes. While IgM and IgE could not be found with this method, IgA and IgG were
      present in a concentration easy to be measured. For the two immunglobulins, a
      different and characteristical change in their concentration was found during
      stimulation. This difference can be explained by the different origin of the
      substances.

PMID- 162621
TI  - Some hormonal factors (hypophysectomy, castration and testosterone
      administration) modifying the course of "compensatory" muscle hypertrophy in the
      rat.
AB  - 1. Maximum compensatory hypertrophy of the soleus and plantaris muscle in male
      rats is attained seven days after tenotomy of the gastrocnemius muscle (39% and
      9% respectively). When tenotomy of the gastrocnemius was performed seven days
      ater hypophysectomy, hypertrophy in these two muscles was aproximately half that
      found in control animals. 2. After 81-day castration of young male rats the
      weight of the saleus and plantaris was reduced and hypertrophy following tenotomy
      of the gastrocneumius muscle did not develop. 3. Chronically castrated rats
      received testosterone two weeks prior to tenotomy of the gastrocnemius and a week
      during the muscle hypertrophy phase. Hypertrophy of the soleus in castrated rats
      which had received testosterone seven days after tenotomy of the gastrocnemius
      was 25% as compared with muscles of castrated animals. The corresponding value in
      the plantaris muscle was 10%. 4. These results indicate that even calf muscles of
      the rat, namely the soleus and plantaris muscles, are significantly affected by
      testosterone under these conditions, although it is not, as yet, clear whether
      its action is direct or indirect.

PMID- 162622
TI  - The effect of splenectomy on bone marrow haematopoiesis in mice.
AB  - Splenectomy was performed in strain H mice. Erythrocyte macrocytosis and an
      increase in the reticulocyte, leucocyte and thrombocyte count were found in the
      peripheral blood of splenectomized animals; only the erythrocyte count fell in
      the first 3 weeks after splenectomy. Changes in the myelogram during the first
      weeks after splenectomy were characterized by an increase in the proportion of
      cells of the erythrocytic and lymphocytic series. The stem cell count in the bone
      marrow (determined after Till and McCulloch) was slightly elevated on the 8th day
      after splenectomy, but in subsequent weeks was rather lower than the control
      group values. Whatever the post-splenectomy interval at which bone marrow was
      taken from splenectomized mice, there was no significant difference in the
      transplantation effect of bone marrow cells on white and thrombocyte
      haematopoiesis. Bone marrow transplantation was found  have a stimulant effect
      only on the reticulocyte count and the sooner bone marrow was collected after
      splenectomy, the more pronounced the effect. Changes in the myelogram and
      splenogram of irradiated mice to which the bone marrow cells of splenectomized
      mice had been transplanted were relatively small.

PMID- 162623
TI  - The private hospital is being threatened by over-regulation.

PMID- 162624
TI  - [Biochemical findings in proteincomposition of secretions of human malignant
      parotid tumours, chronic parotitis and sialadenoses (author's transl)].
AB  - In comparison to former investigations in pleomorphic adenoms and Wharthin
      tumours in the present paper secretion of IgA, lysozyme in correlation to
      flowrate and total secretion in glands with malignant tumours, inflammations and
      Sialadenosis were estimated. Thereby 12 patients with malignomas of the parotid
      gland, 11 patients with chronic parotitis and 12 with sialadenoses were examined.
      The following results were found: 1. The concentration of protein, IgA and
      Lysozym is significantly higher than in normal glands and in glands with
      pleomorphic adenomas and Wharthin tumours. 2. Differentialdiagnosis of
      Sialadenitis and Sialadenosis of parotid glands is possible by estimating the
      examined parameters. Thereby in glands with sialadenosis flowrate is higher than
      in normal glands, and significant lower in glands with sialadenitis. Moreover
      concentrations of IgA and Lysozyme and protein in glands with sialadenitis are
      evaluated.

PMID- 162625
TI  - Rising prices trim 1977 savings for group buyers.

PMID- 162626
TI  - [Fractures of the face. Clinical approach and emergency therapy in the presence
      of facial injuries].

PMID- 162627
TI  - Effect of hydratation on renal water and sodium excretion in patients with renal
      arterial stenosis (S) and essential hypertension (EH).
AB  - Water and electrolyte excretion after a large water load and a small Na load was
      studied in a group of healthy volunteers (C) and in patients with renal arterial
      stenosis (S) and essential hypertension (EH). It was found that both groups of
      hypertensive patients reacted to this stimulus by higher Na, Cl, Ca and Mg
      excretion tan group C. In the two hypertension groups, cumulative Na excretion
      was comparable in size, but cumulative water excretion was significantly greater
      in group EH than in group S. The results indicate that these differences can be
      attributed to different localization of reduced Na reabsorption in the nephron.
      Signs of a decrease in Na resorption were found in the distal part of the nephron
      in both hypertension groups, but in the EH group they were also found in the
      proximal part.

PMID- 162628
TI  - [Sudden deafness in connection with mumps (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report three cases of sudden deafness due to mumps. On the first and
      second case (children) the deafness was severe perceptive and bilateral; in the
      first case the perceptive deafness occurred on the eight day while in the second
      case the forteenth day from the onset of mumps. On the third case (male adult)
      the deafness was unilateral, sudden with degeneration of vestibular, which
      occurred during virumia of mumps. The characteristic of this case is that the
      total deafness of right ear is associated with right parotitis and right
      orchitis. According to bibliography the pathogenesis, the time of deafness,
      appearance and the degree of hearing loss are discussed.

PMID- 162629
TI  - [Laryngocele and Carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of laryngocele and carcinoma is presented. A carcinoma of the right
      ventricular pouch has developed after a long period of chronic inflammation of
      the larynx. A big internal ipsilateral laryngocele was found in the larynx
      specimen. The incidence of laryngocele and carcinoma is demonstrated by available
      literature and by own investigations. Problems concerning the difficulty of
      diagnosis and pathogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 162630
TI  - Nursing homes don't see cost cuts despite new fire protection equipment.

PMID- 162631
TI  - Utilization of 15N-urea administered into the sheep small intestine.
AB  - The retention and excretion of intrajejunally administered 15N-urea was studied
      in four experiments on two sheep with a permanently fistulated small intestine.
      In the first 7 days after the administration of 2 g 15N-urea, 18.26% was excreted
      in the faeces and 19% in the urine; 62.74% was retained in the organism. Urinary
      excretion took place mainly on the first day and from the 3rd to the 7th day no
      15N was present in the urine. The rate of 15N excretion in the faeces was roughly
      the same for the first 4 days and then fell; on the 7th day there was no 15N in
      the faeces. The proportion of 15N-urea retained in the organism and excreted in
      the urine was 81% showing that urea in the ruminant gastrointestinal tract is
      largely linked up into metabolic circulation as part of the general exchange of
      nitrogenous compounds.

PMID- 162632
TI  - Age-related differences in the effect of glucagon on metabolism in rat liver.
AB  - The authors found differences in the metabolic response of 10- and 120-day-old
      rats to glucagon. In 10-day-old young, the administration of glucagon was
      followed in 5 min by an abrupt small increase in the blood sugar level, which
      continued to rise and attained the maximum 2 hours after the injection of
      glucagon. In adult rats there was an abrupt large increase in the blood sugar
      level in the first minutes after administering glucagon; after that the blood
      sugar level fell, but remained significantly higher than in the controls. In a
      series of experiments on the isolated perfused liver, no differences were found
      in glucose and protein release from the liver into the perfusion medium, but the
      protein concentration in the liver of the younger rats fell. The results show
      that the liver of young rats, after the injection of glucagon, draws on its own
      protein resources for the substrates needed for gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 162633
TI  - Increase of resistance of the cerebral cortex of young rats to CO2 poisoning
      after repeated administration of glucose.

PMID- 162634
TI  - A new species of Streptomyces producing virginiamycin family antibiotics.

PMID- 162635
TI  - The Apothecaries Lecture. Injury--the grass roots.

PMID- 162636
TI  - The control of industrial odours.

PMID- 162637
TI  - Problems in the interpretation of cancer statistics with special reference to
      lung cancer.

PMID- 162638
TI  - The use of psychological and aptitude testing in selection.

PMID- 162639
TI  - Ear pathology: its role in hearing impairment.

PMID- 162640
TI  - Treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns.

PMID- 162641
TI  - The occupational physician.

PMID- 162642
TI  - Medical officers in industry.

PMID- 162643
TI  - Respiratory allergies in industry: a review of recent advances and current
      clinical practice.

PMID- 162644
TI  - Dr Thomas Percival and the beginnings of industrial legislation.

PMID- 162646
TI  - Ear pathology: its role in hearing impairment.

PMID- 162645
TI  - Acro-osteolysis in a polyvinyl chloride worker with an atypical industrial
      history.

PMID- 162647
TI  - Recent developments in occupational medical services.

PMID- 162649
TI  - Accidents and their management at two casualty units.

PMID- 162648
TI  - Chemical carcinogens in industry.

PMID- 162650
TI  - Vitamin C and the common cold.

PMID- 162651
TI  - Aspects of hand function and dysfunction.

PMID- 162652
TI  - Nasal ulceration in workers exposed to ruthenium and platinum salts.

PMID- 162653
TI  - Examinations--an occupational hazard of university students.

PMID- 162654
TI  - The community physician and atmospheric pollution.

PMID- 162655
TI  - The occupational physician.

PMID- 162656
TI  - Clinical and biochemical investigations of a variable-dose combined type oral
      contraceptive.

PMID- 162657
TI  - Double-blind trial of sustained-release amitriptyline compared with viloxazine in
      moderate to severe depressive illness.

PMID- 162658
TI  - Viloxazine: an assessment of its potential rapid antidepressant action and
      unwanted effects.

PMID- 162659
TI  - Doxycycline in bronchitis: results of a multicentre study.

PMID- 162660
TI  - Imipramine, rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid factor.

PMID- 162661
TI  - Clinical investigation of the biological effects of a new combination low-dose
      oral contraceptive ('Ovostat E').

PMID- 162662
TI  - A crossover comparison of a timolol/bendrofluazide combination and methyldopa in
      essential hypertension.

PMID- 162663
TI  - Evaluation of the efficacy of dicyclomine hydrochloride ('Merbentyl') syrup in
      the treatment of infant colic.

PMID- 162664
TI  - A double-blind crossover study comparing tolmetin and indomethacin in the
      treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 162665
TI  - A double-blind comparison of benoxaprofen and placebo in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 162666
TI  - Comparison of separate versus simultaneous administration of potassium supplement
      with the diuretic bumetanide.

PMID- 162667
TI  - An open, multicentre study of acebutolol, given as a single daily dose, in the
      management of hypertension.

PMID- 162668
TI  - Tolerability of fentonium bromide in Indonesian volunteers.

PMID- 162669
TI  - Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren): results of a multi-centre comparative trial in
      adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A short-term trial has been performed under double-blind conditions in 50 adult
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis to compare diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) with
      both indomethacin and placebo for efficacy and tolerability. The duration of the
      trial was two weeks and was a between-patient comparison of 25 mg t.i.d.
      diclofenac sodium, 25 mg t.i.d. indomethacin or placebo using a double-dummy
      technique. Forty-eight patients completed the trial. In the majority of
      parameters examined, diclofenac sodium was superior to placebo and indomethacin
      in therapeutic effect. One patient was withdrawn from the trial because of
      intolerance to indomethacin and one other because of severe joint pain under
      indomethacin therapy. Neither active compound caused clinically significant
      changes in blood picture or urine analysis.

PMID- 162670
TI  - Long-term tolerability study of Voltaren.
AB  - Clinical and laboratory examinations were conducted in order to assess the long
      term tolerability of Voltaren, a new anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. Pre
      treatment, repeated on-treatment and after-treatment investigations of
      haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, total and differential leucocyte count, platelet
      count, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, total serum proteins and urinary protein
      and sugar were conducted in 13 patients. The period of treatment with Voltaren
      was 110 to 559 days. In all these tests, there were no unwanted effects
      attributable to long-term treatment with Voltaren. Our study would indicate that
      Voltaren is a safe drug which has no effect on the organs of haemopoiesis, nor on
      hepatic or renal function, even in long-term therapy. Therefore, Voltaren can be
      used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent not only in short-term therapy
      but also in the long-term treatment of chronic diseases.

PMID- 162671
TI  - A double-blind clinical trial to determine if an interaction exists between
      diclofenac sodium and the oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol (nicoumalone).
AB  - A double-blind crossover trial between diclofenac sodium and placebo was carried
      out in 32 hospitalized patients who were thought to be stabilized on concurrent
      anticoagulant therapy with acenocoumarol. The object of the trial was to
      investigate any possible interaction between diclofenac and anticoagulant by
      monitoring prothrombin times daily through the four week period. No statistically
      significant difference between placebo and diclofenac could be shown and some
      problems of accurately monitoring prothrombin times are discussed.

PMID- 162672
TI  - A long-term double-blind clinical trial of ibuprofen and indomethacin in
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Two-hundred and eighteen individuals with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly
      assigned to six months treatment with ibuprofen (900-1800 mg/day) or indomethacin
      (75-150 mg/day). The drugs were equally effective in the treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis while the incidence of indomethacin side-effects was 1.5 times greater
      than the incidence of ibuprofen side-effects.

PMID- 162673
TI  - Studies on Ponstan (mefenamic acid): I. Gastro-intestinal blood loss; II.
      Absorbtion and excretion of a new formulation.
AB  - Using improved techniques in a study of faecal blood loss no significant change
      over control level occurred during administration of mefenamic acid 500 mg t.i.d.
      for six days. This lack of gastro-intestinal bleeding is at variance with earlier
      findings for this compound. Studies of two mefenamic acid formulations (250 mg
      capsule and 500 mg filmseal tablet) showed no significant difference in area
      under blood level curves or in urinary output data, indicating equivalent total
      absorption. The 500 mg film-coated tablet gave significantly higher serum levels
      at 0.5 hours, whereas the 250 mg capsule gave significantly higher serum levels
      at 6 and 8 hours.

PMID- 162674
TI  - Clinical study on the efficacy of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)rutoside (HR) in varicosis
      of pregnancy.
AB  - In a double-blind trial involving 69 patients, the effect of O-(beta
      hydroxyethyl) rutoside (HR)* in the treatment of varicosis of pregnancy has been
      investigated. The number of patients subjectively improving in the active drug
      group was significantly greater than in the placebo group; patients receiving HR
      also showed a small but significant decrease in leg circumference. Throughout the
      eight-week period of the trial, there were only minimal side-effects and healthy
      babies were delivered with good Apgar-scores.

PMID- 162675
TI  - Isoxsuprine in primary dysmenorrhoea. Its effectiveness in premenstrual tension.
AB  - The drug combination including isoxsuprine 10 mg, acetaminophen 250 mg and
      caffeine 30 mg was administered to 80 patients divided into two groups, 40 with
      premenstrual tension and 40 with clinically diagnosed primary dysmenorrhoea. The
      study was carried out by the double-blind method and the patients were
      distributed at random. The results obtained show an excellent or very good
      response in 95% of cases of premenstrual tension and in 92.5% of cases of
      dysmenorrhoea. When the overall effectiveness of the compound in both conditions
      is considered, we find it to be 93.75%. A general discussion of the findings is
      presented in relation to age, civil status, time of appearance of dysmenorrhoea,
      nature of pain, accompanying symptoms, previous treatment, other non-drug
      therapies, results obtained, time within which symptoms were alleviated, total
      dose of the drug and side-effects. It is concluded that the orally-administered
      therapeutic combination is effective in both dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual
      tension.

PMID- 162676
TI  - A comparison of mazindol (Teronac) with diethylpropion in the treatment of
      exogenous obesity.
AB  - Fifty obese patients were entered into a 12-week parallel group study of mazindol
      with diethylpropion in a general practice group. Both drugs produced weight loss,
      but patients on mazindol lost 19.9 lbs in 12 weeks, while those on diethylpropion
      lost 11.6 lbs, a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01). At each
      visit during the trial, patients had lost more weight with mazindol, but this was
      only significant statistically in the period 8-12 weeks (p less than 0.01).
      Patients developed tolerance to the effect of diethylpropion in the last period
      (8-12 weeks) but this was not evident in those patients taking mazindol. The
      number of side-effects was less in the mazindol group and mainly of an
      adrenergic, peripheral type, while those in the diethylpropion group are mainly
      of the central stimulant type.

PMID- 162677
TI  - A placebo controlled trial of viloxazine with and without tranquillizers in
      depressive illness.
AB  - Two double-blind four-way crossover studies are reported, comparing the
      antidepressant effect of 14-day courses of: viloxazine, viloxazine with a
      tranquillizer either perphenazine or diazepam or tranquillizer alone, against a
      placebo. In one study the antidepressant effect of viloxazine at a dose of 150 mg
      daily was statistically greater than that of placebo, whilst in the second study
      viloxazine was statistically superior to diazepam (15 mg daily). In depressed
      patients with a clear anxiety component, viloxazine alone seemed preferable to a
      combination with a tranquillizer as such a combination did not produce an
      enhanced clinical effect and the incidence of side-effects was possibly
      increased. Viloxazine was generally well tolerated and side-effects, when they
      occurred, were generally a mild upper gastro-intestinal disturbance.

PMID- 162678
TI  - Clinical experience with Ro 5-3350 (bromazepam).
AB  - A pilot study using Ro 5-3350 was followed by a double-blind trial comparing Ro 5
      3350 and chlordiazepoxide in a total of 25 patients who were either hospital in
      patients or previous in-patients attending an out-patients follow-up clinic. The
      patients all had a long history of obsessive-compulsive or phobic symptoms. The
      visual analogue scale, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and clinical ratings
      were used to measure the response to treatment. In all three rating methods used,
      those patients who had received Ro 5-3350, chlordiazepoxide and then Ro 5-3350 in
      that order, consistently favoured Ro 5-3350. When the clinical ratings were
      examined by diagnostic groups, it was found that the phobic patients all gave
      favourable responses to Ro 5-3350. Two of the six patients with severe anxiety or
      agoraphobic states who had been treated with Ro 5-3350 over periods ranging from
      three to five years received the medication during the whole term of pregnancy
      and they were delivered of full-term normal babies. The results suggest that Ro 5
      3350 (bromazepam) is a potent anxiolytic most likely to be effective in the
      relief of visceral manifestations of anxiety. The incidence of side-effects was
      low and there were no toxic effects reported.

PMID- 162679
TI  - Health care costs and NHI (National Health Insurance) or price-rationing versus
      panaceas.

PMID- 162680
TI  - Cover mosaic. "Biography of the surgeon".

PMID- 162681
TI  - The impaired physician.

PMID- 162682
TI  - Amikacin. A new aminoglycoside antibiotic.

PMID- 162683
TI  - Human ISG.

PMID- 162684
TI  - Ski injuries.

PMID- 162685
TI  - Death and dying.

PMID- 162686
TI  - Wordupsmanship in medicine.

PMID- 162687
TI  - Characteristics common to cutaneous infections with Mycobacterium marinum.

PMID- 162688
TI  - Diagnosis of an intrahepatic abscess using techniques of nuclear medicine.

PMID- 162689
TI  - Heparin insensitivity responding to fresh frozen plasma.

PMID- 162690
TI  - Effect of illness on the family.

PMID- 162691
TI  - Stress fractures.

PMID- 162692
TI  - Danger: mixing prescribed drugs with alcohol.

PMID- 162693
TI  - PSRO VoPos.

PMID- 162694
TI  - Says CME article contained certain incomplete information.

PMID- 162695
TI  - Oliver Wendell Holmes 1809-1894. Physician, poet, anatomist, essayist.

PMID- 162697
TI  - Emetine use of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 162696
TI  - Management of penetrating thoracic injuries.

PMID- 162698
TI  - Splenic artery aneurysms.

PMID- 162699
TI  - Indiana Malpractice Act applicable to federal diversity malpractice claims.

PMID- 162700
TI  - Comforting certainties.

PMID- 162701
TI  - 'Without ethics, there is no medical profession'.

PMID- 162702
TI  - Agrees medicine is an art; rejects PSRO 'VoPo' label.

PMID- 162703
TI  - Small airways disease: the bottom of the iceberg.

PMID- 162704
TI  - The five fingers of cardiology. A self-assessment.

PMID- 162705
TI  - Secondary somatic problems: recognition and treatment. Part 1: Psychosomatic and
      primary depression disorders.

PMID- 162706
TI  - Guidelines: filter paper T4 and TSH screening tests.

PMID- 162707
TI  - Pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease. Prevailing concepts of ulcer diathesis.

PMID- 162708
TI  - Maternal mortality in Indiana: 1959-1977.

PMID- 162709
TI  - 'PSRO VoPos'--the author's reply.

PMID- 162710
TI  - Split atoms, not wood.

PMID- 162711
TI  - Chicken Little at Three Mile Island.

PMID- 162713
TI  - Scoliosis and the family physician.

PMID- 162712
TI  - The scalpel and the pen. Alexis Carrel, 1873-1944. Writer, surgeon, philosopher,
      mystic.

PMID- 162714
TI  - The five fingers of cardiology. A self-assessment.

PMID- 162715
TI  - Ruptured abdominal aneurysm.

PMID- 162716
TI  - Secondary somatic problems: recognition and treatment. Part 2: Hypochondriasis
      and hysterical dependence disorder.

PMID- 162717
TI  - Clinical alternatives to radical mastectomy.

PMID- 162718
TI  - Rebuttal: 'PSRO VoPos'.

PMID- 162719
TI  - A new life for HMOs?

PMID- 162720
TI  - Laboratory aids to psychiatric practice.

PMID- 162721
TI  - The five fingers of cardiology. A self-assessment.

PMID- 162722
TI  - Secondary somatic problems: recognition and treatment. Part 3: Obsessional
      disorder, malingering and acute situational disturbance.

PMID- 162723
TI  - Case Report: Factor VII deficiency in an obstetrical patient.

PMID- 162724
TI  - The filter cigarette controversy.

PMID- 162725
TI  - Skin diseases of coal miners in Britain with special reference to the history of
      changes in mining.

PMID- 162726
TI  - Epoxy resin dermatitis.

PMID- 162727
TI  - The control of dermatitis in a plastics factory.

PMID- 162728
TI  - Comparison of tretinoin solution and benzoyl peroxide lotion in the treatment of
      acne vulgaris.

PMID- 162729
TI  - Outpatient laparoscopic sterilization with silicone rubber bands.

PMID- 162730
TI  - Huntington's disease: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 162731
TI  - More on topical clindamycin.

PMID- 162732
TI  - Quantification of colchicine in body fluids by gallium chelate formation.

PMID- 162733
TI  - An experimental study of acute carbon monoxide intoxication in dogs.

PMID- 162734
TI  - Respiratory complications in patients with intoxication.

PMID- 162735
TI  - Factors which affect the diastolic pressure-volume curve.

PMID- 162736
TI  - The twenty-ninth day: accommodating human needs and numbers to the earth's
      resources.

PMID- 162737
TI  - The quality of working life of a group of dentists.

PMID- 162739
TI  - Principles and problems of dentistry.

PMID- 162738
TI  - Dental care for the irradiated patient.

PMID- 162740
TI  - The future of our profession.

PMID- 162741
TI  - [Report of 2 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with tracheoesophageal fistula].

PMID- 162742
TI  - (-)-Decylcitric acid and (+)-isocitric acid as metabolites from Penicillium
      spiculisporum - a correction.

PMID- 162743
TI  - Methaqualone discrimination in gerbils: interactions with bemegride and
      imidazoline (DH-524).
AB  - Gerbils were trained in a T-maze to discriminate methaqualone (MTQ), either 16
      mg/kg, 12 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg, or 4 mg/kg, from the no drug condition. Discrimination
      was proportional to dose, MTQ 16 mg/kg vs. no drug being the most rapidly
      discriminable condition. Challenge of MTQ discrimination with bemegride and
      imidazoline showed that bemegride, but not imidazoline reversed the MTQ
      discrimination. The median effective dose of bemegride was related to the amount
      of MTQ used (16-8 mg/kg).

PMID- 162744
TI  - [Planned cesarean section, acute section and emergency section].

PMID- 162745
TI  - [Effect of the surgeon's work on shifts in his psychophysiologic functioning].

PMID- 162747
TI  - The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center.

PMID- 162746
TI  - Algorithm for management of pulmonary complications in burn patients.
AB  - An algorithm for management of pulmonary complications in burn patients on the
      same basis as in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome is outline.
      Pao2 of less than 60 torr (F(I)O2 0.21-0.4, PaCO2 over 40 torr, pH less than
      7.35, respiratory rate over 40/min, and clinical evidence of compromised upper
      airway were the indications for initation of aggressive intensive respiratory
      care. This consisted of nasotracheal intubation, arterial cannulation, pulmonary
      artery catheterization, and establishment of mechanical ventilation. The
      algorithm further defines the subsequent management of these patients as far as
      need for continued mechanical ventilation, fluid and electrolyte balance,
      hemodynamic stability, and renal function.

PMID- 162748
TI  - [Participation of interoceptive afferent excitations in sensory integration
      processes of cat visual cortex neurons].
AB  - In experiments on cats immobilized with diplacine it is shown that stimulation of
      the vagal and splanchnic nerves exerts a substantial influence on the neuronal
      background activity of field 17 in the brain cortex. Neuronal responses as
      prolonged tonic changes in impulse frequency were seen more often. Complex phasic
      neuronal responses with steady inhibitory periods and periods of activation
      appeared more rarely. The development of phasic reactions could begin both with
      activation and initial inhibition of the activity. Predominantly excitatory
      responses resulted from the splanchnic nerve stimulation. They could be also seen
      during somatic stimulations. The degree of neuronal involvement into the
      responses and their intensity increased by trains of stimuli. Visceral and
      somatic influences on the visual cortical neurons are shown to be mediated by the
      lateral hypothalamus and midbrain reticular formation.

PMID- 162749
TI  - [Clinical immunology for the internist. Prohibited territory? Or is it part of
      his knowledge?].

PMID- 162750
TI  - [Pathogenicity of atypical mycobacteria].
AB  - Human diseases caused by atypical mycobacteria are reviewed. Pulmonary illness
      and childrens' lymphadenitis are the commonest, but cutaneous, disseminated,
      bony, articular, renal and meningeal diseases are also produced by atypical
      mycobacteria. Disseminated infections are often manifested by fever, hepato
      splenomegaly and hematologic changes. Most diagnosis are made by sputum and
      gastric-juice cultures, bonemarrow and liver biopsies. Disseminated diseases are
      often fatal but may be cured with medical treatment. In general, atypical
      mycobacterial diseases are quite similar to tuberculous diseases in different
      organs. A unique isolation of atypical mycobacteria is not diagnostic "by it
      self", and other conditions are required. Diagnostic criteria and treatment are
      discussed.

PMID- 162751
TI  - [Stimulation of replanted extremity muscles and its effect on energy processes].
AB  - Medicamental stimulation has a definite positive effect on metabolism of
      macroergic compounds in the muscles of the replanted and contralateral
      extremeties. Application of medicamental stimulation reduced the time for the
      muscle reparation, increased considerably the level of creatine-phosphoric acid
      and ATP both in the replanted and intact extremeties as well as restored the
      succinate dehydrogenase activity. 4-Methyluracil applied in combination with
      vitamins proved to be the most effective preparation under conditions of the
      experiment.

PMID- 162752
TI  - An alternative to the tissue borne complete denture.

PMID- 162754
TI  - [Immobilization of remaining teeth].

PMID- 162753
TI  - [Research on the significance of the use of a copalite varnish as sealant to
      amalgam fillings].

PMID- 162756
TI  - Israeli hospital builds bridge of health to peace.

PMID- 162755
TI  - The response of peripheral lymphocytes of nude mice and leucopenic hybrids to
      antigen and lymphokine challenge.

PMID- 162757
TI  - [Attending the dying: how is it accepted?].

PMID- 162758
TI  - [Reality shock or why do nurses leave nursing?].

PMID- 162759
TI  - [The professional nursing school in Zurich says goodbye to Noemi Bourcart].

PMID- 162760
TI  - [Another aspect of indications of pulpotomy].

PMID- 162761
TI  - The aetiology of acute pancreatitis.
AB  - The most common aetiological factors of acute pancreatitis in an unselected group
      of 215 consecutive surgical patients were biliary tract disease (40.0%),
      alcoholism (20.0%) and gastroduodenal ulcer (4.2%). In women, biliary tract
      disease was by far the most common cause (61.3%), but in men considerably high
      frequencies of alcoholism (48.3%) and gastroduodenal ulcer (15.7%) were noted as
      at least one possible aetiological factor. This deserves a special notation when
      contemplating prophylactic measures to prevent recurrences of acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 162762
TI  - Amniotic fluid removal prior to saline abortion.
AB  - To evaluate whether removal of the amniotic fluid prior to the instillation of
      200 ml of 20% hypertonic saline has any effect on the success, speed, and safety
      of the abortion process, 192 patients at 15-20 weeks' gestation were aborted
      according to one of the following procedures: 1) instillation of 200 ml saline
      without removal of the amniotic fluid (92 subjects), 2) removal of 100 ml of
      amniotic fluid prior to saline instillation (46 subjects), and 3) removal of 150
      ml of amniotic fluid prior saline instillation (54 subjects). The study indicated
      that there are no apparent advantages to the removal of the amniotic fluid prior
      to the instillation of 200 ml of hypertonic saline. The median times from
      instillation to abortion and rates of incomplete abortion were similar for the
      three groups of patients. Rates of specific complications, except for fever, were
      similar for the three groups.

PMID- 162763
TI  - [Incidence of caries in deciduous and permanent teeth of children in Basel 1975
      1976].

PMID- 162764
TI  - [Respiratory tract infections in amublatory care--a study at the community care
      center in Dalby].

PMID- 162765
TI  - [Introduction and development of an administrative information system for the
      hospitals of Kiel University].

PMID- 162766
TI  - [Preliminary results of the WHO international study on: "Dental Manpower Systems
      in Relation to Oral Health Status" - evaluation of dental care in the Hannover
      area].

PMID- 162767
TI  - [Results of a study of the ADP support of general practioners' functions].

PMID- 162768
TI  - [Application of simulation systems in medical research].

PMID- 162769
TI  - Medulloblastoma. Treatment results.
AB  - A series of 44 patients with medulloblastoma is presented. The treatment was
      primary operation followed by irradiation of the entire CNS. The 3-year and 5
      year survival rates for children and adults together were 36 and 33 per cent,
      respectively, and for children alone 37 amd 33 per cent, respectively. No certain
      difference in the prognosis for boys and girls was found.

PMID- 162770
TI  - High dose medroxyprogesterone-acetate treatment in advanced mammary carcinoma. A
      phase II investigation.
AB  - In a phase II investigation of high dose medroxyprogesterone treatment of
      advanced and previously with other methods heavily treated patient with mammary
      carcinoma, 7 of 25 patients had a partial remission with a median duration of 5 +
      months. In a further 7 patients the disease became stationary. As measured by
      Karnofsky's scale, a median improvement of 20 points was obtained in these 14
      patients. In 4 of 15 patients who had not responded to Tamoxifen treatment, a
      partial remission occurred following MAP therapy. The patients tolerated MAP
      well.

PMID- 162771
TI  - Skin reactions in mouse by fractionated neutron irradiations with the same NSDn.
AB  - The results of three fractionations of neutron irradiation with the same NSDn
      were examined for skin reactions in mice. No significant differences were
      observed between these fractionations given two times a week (15 Gy/12
      fractionations/39 days, 14.6 Gy/10 fractionations/32 days and 14.08 Gy/8
      fractionations/25 days). The result suggests the value of a high dose per
      fraction given two times a week.

PMID- 162772
TI  - Demographic investigation of mammary carcinoma in Northern Sweden.
AB  - The age standardized incidence rates for female breast carcinoma were calculated
      for the 3 northernmost counties in Sweden and their municipalities for the period
      1959 to 1971. Large variations were found that could not be explained by random
      distribution. Lower incidences were encountered in the less urbanized
      municipalities in the western and northern parts. The largest relative difference
      between low-incidence and high-incidence municipalities concerned the post
      menopausal period.

PMID- 162774
TI  - Hemofiltration during extracorporeal circulation (ECC).
AB  - In cardiac surgery hemofiltration can be used: 1. to balance fluids during ECC,
      especially in long-term perfusion; 2. to carry out open heart procedures in
      patients with terminal renal insufficiency; 3. to treat acute hyperkalemia. The
      model of the 12.5 by 4.5 cm DIAFILTER TM and the model of operation are
      described. The compounds of the ultrafiltrate (UF) are identical with that of
      plasma water. Particles with a molecular weight of less than 50,000 can pass
      freely across the filtration membrane. The filtration capacity is 100 cc/min UF
      (Q blood: 300 cc/min, pressure across the membrane 600 mm Hg and hematokrit (Hkt)
      25%). The technical details of operation are explained. Its general use as well
      as its simplicity is demonstrated in 10 patients.

PMID- 162775
TI  - Cardioplegic hemoglobin perfusion: a method of providing optimal myocardial
      protection.

PMID- 162776
TI  - Management of ascending suture line sepsis by excision on the ascending aorta and
      insertion of a left ventricular apex to aorta conduit.
AB  - A new technique used in the management of infection of an aortic suture line
      following aortic valve replacement and subsequent episodes of severe hemorrhage
      resulting from suture line disruption is described. In a planned, staged
      procedure, a left-ventricular-apex-to-aorta conduit was inserted followed by
      excision of the supracoronary aortic root and ascending aorta, incorporating all
      infected tissue. This technique demonstrates that near total excision of the
      ascending aorta is possible and coronary artery flow can be maintained with only
      a minimal supravalvular aortic chamber.

PMID- 162777
TI  - Immune surveillance directed against depressed cellular and viral alloantigens.

PMID- 162780
TI  - Problems surrounding emergency-care services for acute alcoholism.

PMID- 162778
TI  - Erythrophagocytosis by macrophages: suppression of heme oxygenase by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 162779
TI  - Program evaluation of Texas mental health and mental retardation centers.
AB  - The diversity of programs offered by the 24 mental health and mental retardation
      centers in Texas required that program evaluation take a management-by-objectives
      approach, with each center examined as a unique system with its own goals,
      techniques, and activities. The approach required the centers to develop
      statements of management objectives, which they did with varying degrees of
      success. The evaluations were carried out by site-visit teams. The authors
      describe the evaluation process, the difficulties encountered, and some of the
      beneficial effects.

PMID- 162781
TI  - Pathogens, their sources and control--part two.

PMID- 162782
TI  - Modification of red cell membrane structure by cholesterol-rich lipid
      dispersions. A model for the primary spur cell defect.
AB  - Cholesterol-rich membranes are the hallmark of "spur" red cells. Spur cells
      accumulate cholesterol from cholesterol-rich serum lipoproteins. Previous studies
      suggested that this added cholesterol is responsible for both the altered
      morphology and the destruction of spur cells. To examine this process in the
      absence of other serum factors, cholesterol-lecithin dispersions with varying
      amounts of unesterified cholesterol (C) relative to phospholipid (P) were
      prepared, and their influence on normal human red cells was studied. Cholesterol
      rich lipid dispersions (C/P mole ration greater 1.0) transferred cholesterol to
      both red cell membranes and serum lipoproteins, and cholesterol-poor dispersions
      (C/P mole ration less 1.0) depleted red cells of cholesterol. Changes in membrane
      cholesterol paralleled changes in membrane surface area, as calculated from
      osmotic fragility, with a 0.22 percent variation in surface area per 1.0 percent
      variation in cholesterol content. Cold-induced compression of membrane surface
      area was increased in cholesterol-poor red cells (C/P equals 0.4), whereas the
      surface area of cholesterol-rich membranes (C/P equals 1.80) underwent no
      compression. Although the Na and K permeability of red cells severely depleted of
      cholesterol was increased, lesser degrees of depletion had no effect, and the
      permeability of cholesterol-rich cells was normal. However, increasing membrane
      cholesterol caused a progressive decrease in red cell deformability, as measured
      by filtration. Cholesterol-poor red cells were spherocytic in appearance and
      cholesterol-rich cells were broad and flat, indicative of their surface areas. In
      addition, cholesterol-rich cells had an irregular contour due to folding of the
      periphery of the cell. This shape abnormality was identical to that of both spur
      cells after splenectomy and normal red cells incubated in spur serum.
      Normalization of the C/P of spur serum by added phospholipid prevented the
      increase in membrane cholesterol and surface area and the transformation of cell
      shape. These studies establish that the cholesterol content of red cells is
      dependent on the C/P of their milieu, either lipoproteins or cholesterol-lecithin
      dispersions. Moreover, the surface area, deformability, and contour of
      cholesterol-rich red cells are a direct function of their increased membrane C/P.
      Although cholesterol-rich spur cells are further modified in the circulation of
      patients with spleens, this abnormality of the membrane lipid bilayer, induced by
      cholesterol-rich cholesterol-lecithin dispersions, represents the primary spur
      cell defect.

PMID- 162783
TI  - Inhibition of hormone-stimulated lipolysis by clofibrate. A possible mechanism
      for its hypolipidemic action.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of the
      antilipolytic action of clofibrate (p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate). Clofibrate, in
      the dose range of 10-80 mg/199 ml, inhibited the initial rate of norepinephrine
      stimulated lipolysis 17-44 percent in isolated rat fat cells. At a dose
      corresponding to therapeutic levels in vivo (10 mg/100 ml) clofibrate also
      inhibited hormone-stimulated lipolysis by 20-30 percent in fragments of human
      subcutaneous fat. Inhibition of lipolysis by clofibrate occurred at all
      concentrations of norepinephrine and ACTH (0.02-0.1 mug/ml) but did not occur
      with equilipolytic concentrations of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, suggesting a proximal
      site of action on the lipolytic sequence. Clofibrate reduced by 60 percent
      (315plus or minus40 vs. 120plus or minus25 pmol/g lipid; meanplus or minusSEM)
      the norepinephrine-stimulated initial rise in cyclic AMP, measured 10 min after
      addition of hormone. Because the antilipolytic effect occurred in the presence of
      glucose and without altering cellular ATP levels, the reduction in intracellular
      cyclic AMP levels could not be attributed to uncoupling of oxidative metabolism
      or to secondary effects of free fatty acid accumulation. In the secondary effects
      of free fatty acid accumulation. In the presence of procaine-HC1, which blocks
      hormone-stimulated lipolysis without inhibiting cyclic AMP accumulation, addition
      of clofibrate prevented the hormone-stimulated rise in cyclic AMP. Clofibrate did
      not affect the activity of the low-Km 3',5'-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in
      norepinephrine-stimulated adipocytes. These data suggest that the antilipolytic
      effect of clofibrate is due to its suppression of cyclic AMP production by
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase. The drug's hypolipidemic action may in part be
      explained by its antilipolytic effect, which deprives the liver of free fatty
      acid substrate for lipoprotein synthesis.

PMID- 162784
TI  - In vitro binding of L-triiodothyronine to  receptors in rat liver nuclei.
      Kinectics of binding, extraction properties, and lack of requirement for cytosol
      proteins.
AB  - Isolated hepatic nuclei from euthyroid rats were incubated with tracer (125I)L
      triiodothyronine (T3) and increasing doses of nonradioactive T3 for 30 min at
      37degrees C. The T3 bound specifically to nuclear sites increased with increasing
      T3 doses to a plateau, which represented the nuclear binding capacity, M.
      Addition of 1 mM KCN, NaF, dinitrophenol, oriodoacetate did not affect nuclear
      binding, indicating that active metabolism was not required. Kinetic studies
      showed that the nuclear sites were equilibrated with T3 within 30 min of
      incubation (one-half maximal binding at 3 min) and that the rate of release of T3
      in vitro (0.058 min-1) was the same for endogenous T3 or for T3 bound to nuclei
      in vitro. Nuclear T3 resisted extraction with 0.14 M NaC1 buffered at pH 7.5, but
      both endogenous hormone and T3 bound in vitro were readily extracted by 0.4 M KC1
      at pH 8.0. The elution profiles of endogenous and in vitro-bound T3 from Sephadex
      G-100 columns showed a common protein peak with a molecular weight of 60-65,000,
      assuming a globular protein. Scatchard analysis of in vitro displacement studies
      showed a single class of binding sites. Mean M equals 0.23 times 10-9 M or 0.85
      ng T3 for nuclei isolated from 1 g of liver. Mean M closely corresponded to that
      anticipated from reported in vivo studies. The apparent association constant Ka
      for the nuclear sites, 5.55 times 108 M-1, was lower than in studies in vivo,
      probably attributable to the different ionic milieu of nuclei in the incubation
      buffer and in the intact cell. Thus, the identity of the nuclear T3 binding sites
      studied in vitro to those reported for endogenous hormone is demonstrated by
      similar binding capacities, release rates, analogue binding affinities
      (previously reported), and localization to chromatin nonhistone proteins of
      comparable molecular weight. The role of cytosol protein in nuclear binding was
      assessed by comparing binding parameters for extensively washed nuclei and nuclei
      incubated either with contaminating or added cytosol. No difference in Ka or M
      was found. Moreover, it was unlikely that specific cytosol proteins were already
      present in nuclei and functioned during incubation as a shuttle for T3, since Ka
      and M for nuclei obtained from athyreotic rats were similar to Ka and M for
      nuclei from euthyroid animals. Thus, an initial interaction between T3 and
      specific cytosol proteins does not appear to be a prerequisite for translocation
      of T3 to nuclear sites.

PMID- 162785
TI  - Primary fibrinolysis after oral surgery.
AB  - A case report of a patient with primary fibrinolysis resulting in hemorrhage
      after an oral surgical procedure has been presented. A comparison was made
      between DIC and primary fibrinolysis in patients with carcinoma of the prostate
      gland; etiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment were discussed.

PMID- 162786
TI  - Letter: Osteoblastic repair of osteolytic tumor metastases following treatment.

PMID- 162787
TI  - Computerized axial tomography in syringomyelia.
AB  - The ACTA-scanner, a device for computerized axial tomography, permits cross
      sectional radiographic study of the entire human body, including the spine. In
      the ACTA-scan, the spinal cord appears as a roundish formation surrounded by the
      less dense subarachnoidal cerebrospinal fluid. The spines of 18 patients with
      verified (nine cases) or suspected (nine cases) syringomyelia were studied by
      ACTA-scanning. In seven of the verified and in four of the nonverified cases,
      some evidence of cord cavitation was shown. The cystic part of a cervical-cord
      ependymoma was also demonstrated. ACTA-scanning is an easily performed,
      noninvasive, innocuous procedure. This technic, which complements other
      radiographic methods of evaluating the spinal cord, is particularly suitable for
      screening and follow-up study of patients with syringomyelia. The easily
      accomplished recognition of a possible associated hydrocephalus is an added
      advantage of ACTA-scanning.

PMID- 162788
TI  - Letter: Herpes simplex virus in sensory ganglions.

PMID- 162789
TI  - Editorial: Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency - a defect of secretion.

PMID- 162790
TI  - Secretion granules of the rabbit parotid gland. Isolation, subfractionation, and
      characterization of the membrane and content subfractions.
AB  - A fraction of secretion granules has been isolated from rabbit parotid by a
      procedure which was found to be especially effective in reducing contamination
      resulting from aggregation and/or cosedimentation of granules with other cell
      particulates. The fraction, representing 15 percent (on the average) of the total
      tissue amylase activity, was homogeneous as judged by electron microscopy and
      contaminated to exceedingly low levels by other cellular organelles as judged by
      marker enzymatic and chemical assays. Lysis of the granules was achieved by their
      gradual exposure to hypotonic NaHCO3, containing 0.5 mM EDTA. The content and the
      membranes separated by centrifugation of the granule lysate were characterized
      primarily by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      which indicated that the content was composed of a limited number of molecular
      weight classes of polypeptides of which three bands (having approximate mol wt
      58,000, 33, 000, and 12,000) could be considered major components. The gel
      profile of the membrane subfraction was characterized by 20-30 Coomassie
      brilliant blue-staining bands of which a single species of mol wt 40,000 was the
      conspicuous major polypeptide. Two types of experiments employing gel
      electrophoretic analysis were carried out for identifying and assessing the
      extent of residual secretory protein adsorbed to purified granule membranes: (a)
      examination of staining and radioactivity profiles after mixing of radioactive
      secretion granule extract with nonradioactively labeled granule membranes and (b)
      comparison of gel profiles of secretion granule extract and granule membranes
      with those of unlysed secretion granules and secretory protein dischraged from
      lobules in vitro or collected by cannulation of parotid ducts, the last two
      samples being considered physiologic secretory standards. The results indicated
      that the membranes were contaminated to a substantial degree by residual, poorly
      extractable secretory protein even though assays of membrane fractions for a
      typical secretory enzyme activity (amylase) indicated quite through separation of
      membranes and content. Hence, detailed examination of membrane subfractions for
      residual content species by gel electrophoresis points to the general unity and
      sensitivity of this technique as a means for accurately detecting a defined set
      of polypeptides occurring as contaminants in cellular fractions or organelle
      subfractions.

PMID- 162791
TI  - Cell cycle and growth stage-dependent changes in the transport of nucleosides,
      hypoxanthine, choline, and deoxyglucose in cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma cells.
AB  - Populations of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells (subline N1S1-67) were monitored for
      the rates of transport of various substrates and for their incorporation into
      acid-insoluble material as a function of the age of cultures of randomly growing
      cells in suspension as well as during traverse of the cells through the cell
      cycle. Populations of cells were synchronized by a double hydroxyurea block or by
      successive treatment with hydroxyurea and Colcemid. Kinetic analyses showed that
      changes in transport rates related to the age of cultures or the cell cycle stage
      reflecte alterations in the V max of the transport processes, whereas the Km
      remained constant, indicating that changes in transport rates reflect alterations
      in the number of functional transport sites. The transport sites for uridine and
      2-deoxy-D-glucose increased continuously during traverse of the cells through the
      cell cycle, whereas those for choline and hypoxanthine were formed early in the
      cell cycle. Increases in thymidine transport sites were confined to the S phase.
      Synchronized cells deprived of serum failed to exhibit normal increases in
      transport sites, although the cells divided normally at the end of the cell
      cycle. Arrest of the cells in mitosis by treatment with Colcemid prevented any
      further increases in transport rates. The formation of functional transport sites
      was also dependent on de novo synthesis of RNA and protein. Inhibition of DNA
      synthesis in early S phase inhibited the increase in thymidine transport rates
      which normally occurs during the S phase, but had no effect on the formation of
      the other transport systems. Transport rates also fluctuated markedly with the
      age of the cultures of randomly growing cells, reaching maximum levels in the mid
      exponential phase of growth. The transport systems for thymidine and uridine were
      rapidly lost upon inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis, and thus seem to be
      metabolically unstable, whereas the transport systems for choline and 2-deoxy-D
      glucose were stable under the same conditions.

PMID- 162792
TI  - Direct biochemical measurements of microtubule assembly and disassembly in
      Chinese hamster ovary cells. The effect of intercellular contact, cold, D2O, and
      N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
AB  - A study was undertaken to develop a means of quantitating the amount of tubulin
      present as a soluble pool and as intact microtubules in cultured Chinese hamster
      ovary cells. A procedure was developed in which these cells grown on monolayer
      culture in Petri dishes were placed in a "microtubule stabilizing medium" (MTM)
      consisting of 50% glycerol, 10% dimethylsulfoxide and sodium phosphate magnesium
      buffer, as described previously by Filner and Behnke. These cells then were
      homogenized and the homogenate was spun in the ultracentrifuge. Colchicine
      binding activity was then determined in the supernates and the pellets. The
      values, when compared with total colchicine binding activity present in replicate
      homogenates, were used to determine the percentage of tubulin present as intact
      microtubules. A statistical analysis of thin sections of cells treated with MTM
      revealed no statistically significant difference between MTM-treated cells and
      untreated controls. It was further discovered that the relative amount of
      colchicine binding activity recovered in the high speed pellet varied
      dramatically, depending upon the cell number of the culture being studied.
      Preconfluent cultures showed very low colchicine binding activity averaging less
      than 5%, while confluent and postconfluent cultures often possessed as high as
      25% of their total colchicine binding activity in pelletable material. Although
      cold and D2O treatment had little or no effect on these values, N6,O2'-dibutyryl
      cyclic adenosine monophosphate increased them. It is hoped that this study will
      serve as the basis for a reliable quantitative procedure for measuring
      microtubule polymerization and depolymerization in vivo.

PMID- 162793
TI  - [Viral respiratory infections].

PMID- 162794
TI  - [Cytomegalic inclusion disease associated with renal abnormalities, pertussis
      syndrome and hematologic changes].

PMID- 162795
TI  - Phytohemagglutinin stimulation of human lymphocytes. Failure to detect an early
      increase in cyclic AMP concentration.

PMID- 162796
TI  - The sarcolemmal membrane: selective solubilization of sarcolemma from evacuated
      myofiber bundles.

PMID- 162797
TI  - Unlimited division potential of precancerous mouse mammary cells after
      spontaneous or carcinogen-induced transformation.
AB  - Serial transplantation of normal mouse mammary gland in young, isogenic hosts
      results in progressive loss of division potential, and the transplant line is
      eventually lost. This is interpreted as an expression of senescence at the cell
      and tissue level, and it inevitably occurs even though experimental conditions
      for growth are judged to be optimal. An indefinite extension of mammary growth
      span can be accomplished by transformation of these normal cells into
      precancerous cell types, which grow as a benign tissue but which may, however,
      occasionally undergo a second transformation into a malignant carcinoma. All
      precancerous tissues tested displayed unlimited growth potential, regardless of
      whether they occurred spontaneously, or were induced by oncogenic viruses or by
      administration of chemical carcinogens. Precancerous tissues of both ductal and
      lobuloalveolar morphology grew continuously. These results indicate that release
      from cell aging, as measured by the acquisition of unlimited growth potential, is
      associated with the precancerous state per se, and occurs as an early event in
      the transition from normal to malignant mammary cells.

PMID- 162798
TI  - Contributions of cytoplasmic factors to in vitro cellular senescence.
AB  - Mass populations of normal human lung fibroblasts were enucleated by
      centrifugation at greater than or equal to 25,000 g in 4 mug/ml cytochalasin B.
      The 1 per cent of cells that did not enucleate where rendered nonviable by
      treatment with mitomycin C. Whole cells were poisoned with a 99 per cent lethal
      dose of the sulfhydryl reagent iodoacetate. The washed cells were then mixed with
      the anucleate cytoplasms, fused with inactivated Sendai virus, and planted in
      rotenone for 20 hours. Whereas normal cells are able to survive this rotenone
      treatment, the 1 per cent surviving iodoacetate-treated cells cannot withstand
      this additional stress. However, iodoacetate treated cells that fuse to untreated
      cytoplasms receive sufficient amounts of active enzymes to allow them to survive.
      Since this selective system does not rely on using enzymatic mutants, it should
      permit the selection of hybrids between anucleate cytoplasms and any type of
      whole cell. Cytoplasmic hybrids were cultured in order to determine their
      proliferative capacity. The life-spans of cytoplasmic hybrids between young and
      old cells were compared to those of young/young and old/old controls. Cytoplasmic
      factors do not appear to control in vitro cellular senescence.

PMID- 162799
TI  - Neuronal--glial interactions during development and aging.
AB  - Integration of the central nervous system is an expression of cerebral
      homeostasis that is essential for the internal ability of the organism to adapt
      to its changing environment throughout life. It is generally accepted that
      neurons undergo no further division after differentiation, whereas glial cells
      continue to proliferate throughout life. The increase in glial cells with
      advanced age may reflect a compensatory process of the brain to overcome neuronal
      loss or neuronal functional changes that may occur with age. Therefore, these
      neuronal-glial interactions during development and aging may play a key role in
      the integrative capacity of the brain. One of the mechanisms contributing to
      brain stability is the blood-brain barrier, which regulates the neuronal-glial
      microenvironment in the mature organism. Neuronal intercommunication is mediated
      via neurotransmitter substances and a shift may occur from excitation to
      inhibition and vice versa in some CNS areas with aging. Studies of some aspects
      of cholinergic, monoaminergic and amino acid neurotransmission show that their
      maturational patterns are CNS-area specific and that some neurotransmitter
      processes decline with advanced age. Glial cells, besides participating in the
      regulation of extraneuronal environment, are also proposed to be involved in
      neurotransmission mechanisms in the adult and aging CNS and since they are the
      major CNS cellular compartment that changes with age they may thus contribute
      significantly to the maintenance of CNS integrative ability and adaptation with
      age.

PMID- 162800
TI  - Bioenergetic functions of sleep and activity rhythms and their possible relevance
      to aging.
AB  - The hypothesis is proposed that sleep constitutes a period of dormancy in which
      energy is conserved to partially offset the increased energy demands of
      homeothermy. Phylogenetic data indicate that the complete psysiological and
      behavioral manifestations of sleep are unique to homeotherms; furthermore
      "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" in the parallel development of slow wave sleep
      and thermoregulation as exemplified in the opossum. Thus, sleep constitutes a
      state of reduced metabolism that may represent a variation on the theme of
      dormancy, functionally lying on a continuum of energy conservation processes,
      ranging from inactivity and estivation to torpor and hibernation. The high
      amounts of sleep in infancy may involve conservation of energy and its consequent
      availability for growth. Decreased amounts of stage 4 and total sleep with aging
      in humans may represent reduced energy demands reflected by parallel declines in
      basal metabolic rate and physical activity. Disruptions of circadian rhythms of
      sleep and wakefulness in humans produce impairments in mood and performance
      independent of total amounts of sleep obtained, and reduce the amplitude of
      physiological rhythms. It is suggested that aging processes might also be
      affected by such disruptions in activity rhythms.

PMID- 162801
TI  - A multisomatic axon in the central nervous system of the leech.
AB  - There is one particularly large axon in the medial bundle of the nerve cord of
      the leech. It extends along the entire length of the cord and is connected to a
      single cell body in each ganglion. The cell bodies in adjacent ganglia are
      tightly electrically coupled, and dye injected into one cell body can diffuse
      along the axon and into the cell body of the next ganglion. If the nerve cord is
      cut between two ganglia, neither end of the axon degenerates. Repair of the axon
      appears to occur by end-to-end fusion.

PMID- 162802
TI  - Collagenase in the treatment of dermal and decubitus ulcers.
AB  - The current management of decubitus ulcers, factors in wound healing and the role
      of enzymes in treatment are discussed. The therapeutic benefits of collagenase
      (Santyl) ointment in 21 patients are described, supplemented by serial color
      photographs. Statistical evidence is provided for the conclusion that collagenase
      ointment is an excellent adjunct to therapy.

PMID- 162803
TI  - Hepatomegaly.

PMID- 162804
TI  - The radiology of lung cancer.

PMID- 162805
TI  - Letter: Nodular densities in lung.

PMID- 162807
TI  - [Thrombocytopenia caused by cytomegalovirus infection].

PMID- 162806
TI  - Parthenogenic origin of benign ovarian teratomas.
AB  - To determine the origin of benign cystic teratomas of the ovary, chromosome
      banding studies were done on normal tissues and teratomas from five patients. The
      normal tissues were heterozygous (+/-) for 17 chromosome polymorphisms at or near
      the centromere, whereas the teratomas were uniformly homozygous (+/+ or -/-).
      These findings and those employing electrophoretic variants indicate that ovarian
      teratomas are parthenogenic tumors that arise from a single germ cell after the
      first meiotic division.

PMID- 162808
TI  - [Multiple (five-fold) synchronous and asynchronous primary malignant tumors with
      spontaneous regression].

PMID- 162809
TI  - [Incidence and importance of minor abnormalities].

PMID- 162810
TI  - Nerve and muscle cells in culture.

PMID- 162812
TI  - The neurological deficit associated with sudden occlusion of abdominal aorta due
      to blunt trauma.
AB  - A review of the literature revealed five well-documented cases of abdominal
      aortic injury due to blunt, nonpenetrating trauma. An additional case report is
      offered. In all cases the level of aortic injury was at or distal to the origin
      of the inferior mesenteric artery. In five of these reports, including the
      present case, sudden traumatic occlusion of the distal abdominal aorta occurred
      and led to associated neurological deficit. The authors submit, based on clinical
      manifestations, selective angiography of spinal cord vasculature, and the
      operative experience of others, that these neurological deficits resulted from
      acute peripheral nerve ischemia and not from spinal cord ischemia as had been
      assumed in the past. The final neurological deficit due to acute peripheral nerve
      ischemia may masquerade as that seen with a "transverse" spinal cord lesion.
      However, the prognosis for recovery of neurological function differs markedly
      between the two conditions. All surviving patients experienced rapid resolution
      of their neurological deficits in the immediate postoperative period. Infrarenal
      aortic occlusion will not produce spinal cord infarction.

PMID- 162811
TI  - Phagocytosis: recognition and ingestion.

PMID- 162814
TI  - The significance of elongation and angulation of the carotid artery: a negative
      view.
AB  - Many authors have postulated that angulation of the carotid artery is a cause of
      stroke and recommend corrective operation. Symptoms attributed to such lesions
      are often nebulous and unrelieved by the operation, and proof is lacking that
      unselected patients who have this condition have a risk of stroke exceeding
      operative risk. A review of 282 cerebral angiograms showed an incidence of
      elongation and potential angulation of 43 percent in children and 20 percent in
      adults. Acutal angulation was not found in children, however, and no child was
      suspected of having cerebral ischemia. Of 47 adults with potential angulation, 17
      were suspected of having cerebral ischemia, the remainder having a variety of
      other lesions, such as tumors, aneurysm, and intracranial hemorrhage. Of the 17
      having suspected cerebral ischemia, all had alternative explanations for their
      symptoms (hypertension, intracranial atherosclerosis), except one whose symptoms
      were completely inappropriate to the carotid distribution. A single patient had a
      completed stroke, demonstrable angulation, and only mild hypertension. Elongation
      and potential angulation of the carotid artery is common but usually coexists
      with other lesions. If the finding is postulated as the cause for neurologic
      morbidity the surgeon must be assured that symptoms are clearly neurologic, that
      no other cause exists, that angulation reduces the carotid lumen significantly
      and reproduces symptoms, and that the risk of operation is less than the expected
      risk of stroke in untreated patients.

PMID- 162813
TI  - Hemoperitoneum from liver cell adenoma in a patient on oral contraceptives.
AB  - A case of hemoperitoneum from ruptured benign liver cell adenoma in a young woman
      with a long history of oral contraceptive use is presented. The importance of
      recognizing the cause of this intra-abdominal emergency is stressed, and comment
      is made about the entity occurring in women on contraceptive drugs.

PMID- 162815
TI  - Experimental and clinical experience with hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of
      clostridial myonecrosis.
AB  - At Duke University Medical Center, 49 patients with proved clostridial
      myonecrosis were treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) during the past 10 years.
      Survival in patients with involvement confined to the extremities was 92.3
      percent. Survival in patients with combined involvement of extremity and trunk
      was 53-3 percent, and with primary trunk involvement half of the patients
      survived. Survival for the entire series was 73.5 percent. Among the 28 patients
      receiving at least five HBO treatments, 24 survived. Extensive experimental
      studies were conducted during this same period including in vitro testing and in
      vivo experimental infections with C. perfringens. Data from the experimental
      models of gas gangrene indicate a therapeutic benefit with HBO by significantly
      decreasing both mortality and morbidity rates. The mechanism of action for this
      appears to be complex but probably includes a direct bactericidal action,
      bacteriostasis, inhibition of toxin production, and improvement in tissue
      oxygenation. In the absence of a controlled study, the therapeutic efficacy of
      HBO in the treatment of clostridial myonecrosis is not fully proved. Nevertheless
      HBO treatment can be recommended on the bases of sound experimental evidence and
      the results of favorable clinical experience. Mitigation of this severe but
      infrequent illness can best be accomplished through prevention, with strict
      adherence to the principles of wound care.

PMID- 162816
TI  - Complications of oral contraceptive agents--a symposim. Contraceptives and lipid
      metabolism.

PMID- 162817
TI  - Complications of oral contraceptives--a symposium. Liver disease and
      abnormalities of laboratory tests.

PMID- 162818
TI  - Tumor associated antigens--clinical implications.

PMID- 162819
TI  - The newer penicillins.

PMID- 162821
TI  - Gastric organ culture. A model for reepithelialization.
AB  - The in vitro organ culture system is useful in the study of the mechanics of
      gastric reepithelialization, cell migration and exfoliation. Reepithelialization
      is apparently effected by actively motile cells of all levels of differentiation,
      and at the completion of the process a new zone of cell exfoliation is initiated
      at points of contact when cells meet after growing towards the center of the
      specimen from its opposite margins. Mitotic activity is suppressed during the
      period of migration. (Am J Pathol 78:23-32, 1975)

PMID- 162822
TI  - Leukemic mitochondria. III. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Quantitative and qualitative electron microscopic studies were performed on the
      mitochondria of leukemic lymphoblasts in 6 patients with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia. Similar studies were performed on lymphoblasts from lymph nodes
      obtained from 10 surgical patients without nodal diseases. Significant
      quantitative differences between normal and leukemic mitochondria were not
      observed except for a difference in mitochondrial area per cell (P less than
      0.05). This was not significant lacking, qualitative diffecrences were observed.
      These abnormalities included rare giant mitochondria, disrupted mitochondria with
      virus-like particles, smaller granules in greater abundance, mitochondrial DNA,
      and contact between the mitochondrion and nucleus during interphase. Fifty-three
      percent of the leukemic lymphoblasts contained polyribosomes, as compared to 25%
      of the normal lymphoblasts. The cells with the polyribosomes contained the giant
      mitochondria. The leukemic lymphoblasts had an appearance similar to transformed
      lymphocytes resulting from an immunologic stimulus. This suggests that acute
      lymphoblastic leukemia may be a disease which is associated with an immunologic
      response. From the available ultrastructural and biochemical data, it would seem
      that the leukemic lymphoblast is a product of an abnormal metabolism which
      affects its ability to differentiate. These ultrastructural findings seem to
      indicate the need for biochemical investigation of leukemic mitochondria. (Am J
      Pathol 78:49-58, 1975

PMID- 162820
TI  - The pathology of Tangier disease. A light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Tangier disease (deficiency of high density plasma lipoproteins) is characterized
      clinically by: low levels of plasma cholesterol; enlarged, orange-yellow to
      yellow-gray tonsils and, frequently, peripheral neuropathy. Histologic and
      ultrastructural studies were made of various tissues from 5 patients with Tangier
      disease, and comparisons were made of these findings with those in the 12 other
      patients thus far known to have this disease. Deposits of cholesteryl esters were
      found in: reticuloendothelial cells (foam cells) in tonsils, bone marrow, skin
      and jejunal submucosa; Schwann cells in peripheral nerves and myenteric plexus;
      and in nonvascular smooth muscle cells. These deposits appeared electron lucent
      and intensely birefringent, varied from spherical to crystalline in shape, often
      were extensively confluent throughout large areas of cytoplasm, and were not
      limited by membranes. Certain foam cells in bone marrow also contained membrane
      limited clusters of lipid particles resembling chylomicrons. The foam cells in
      Tangier disease differ morphologically from those in numerous lysosomal enzyme
      deficiency states, particularly Wolman's disease and cholesteryl ester stroage
      disease, and in proliferative diseases of the reticuloendothelial system in which
      cholesteryl esters also accumulate in abnormal histiocytes. Morphologic and
      biochemical data suggest several hypotheses to explain the accumulation of
      cholesteryl esters in tissues of patients with Tangier disease. Among these
      hypotheses, the most likely are considered to be the presence in plasma of
      abnormal lipoprotein particles that are subject to phagocytic removal by
      reticuloendothelial cells, and the failure of a process that normally removes
      locally synthesized cholesterol from cells to plasma. (Am J Pathol 78:101-158,
      1975)

PMID- 162823
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of parallel tubular arrays in human lymphocytes.
AB  - Parallel tubular inclusions were found in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 18
      patients with various hematologic disorders, primarily lymphoproliferative
      processes, and 1 apparently healthy individual. The inclusions varied in size
      from 1000 to 6000 A and were usually membrane bounded. The microtubule-like
      structures comprising the inclusions ranged in size from 150 to 300 A and were
      packed in wall-to-wall contact with each other. Dense amorphous material and
      small dark crystalloids were frequently noted in the inclusions. There appeared
      to be a spatial and structural relationship of the inclusions with the centriole.
      The highest percent of lymphocytes with inclusionss (greater than 90%) were found
      in a patient with a lympho-proliferative disorder in whom 95% of the peripheral
      blood lymphocytes typed as T cells by spontaneous rosette formation with sheep
      red blood cells. (Am J Pathol 78:59-70, 1975)

PMID- 162824
TI  - Comparison of the effects of histamine and tolazoline on adenylate cyclase
      activity from guinea pig heart.
AB  - Both histamine and tolazoline (2-benzyl-2-imidazoline) stimulated particulate
      fractions of adenylate cyclase from guinea pig myocardium. Tolazoline was one
      tenth as potent, and about two-thirds as active at maximally effective levels, as
      was histamine. Enhancement of cyclase activity by tolazoline was additive with
      that by isoproterenol, and the histamine and tolazoline concentration-response
      curves were parallel, suggesting that tolazoline acted at the same site as
      histamine. At maximally effective concentrations, tolazoline did not affect
      ATPase or cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activities associated with the cyclase
      preparations. The H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine, and the H2 antagonist,
      burimamide, blocked stimulation of cyclase by tolazoline at one-tenth the
      molarity of agonist. Both antagonists were less effective vs. histamine
      stimulation of heart cyclase in particulate fractions or whole homogenates, with
      mepyramine being generally more potent. It is suggested that the molecular basis
      of the stimulatory effect of tolazoline on cardiac tissue may be histaminergic
      stimulation of adenylate cyclase. Furthermore, the lack of potency of burimamide
      as a histamine antagonist and its lack of specificity compared to mepyramine, at
      the subcellular level, indicate that histamine-responsive adenylate cyclase from
      heart may not be a satisfactory molecular model for the H2 receptor pharmacology
      of histamine in cardiac tissue.

PMID- 162826
TI  - Ligand binding and enzymic catalysis coupled through subunits in tyrosyl-tRNA
      synthetase.
AB  - The interaction of the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus
      with its substrates in the aminoacyl adenylation reaction has been studied by
      stopped-flow fluorescence. The observed changes have been assigned to their
      chemical and physical processes by comparison with equilibrium dialysis,
      pyrophosphate exchange kinetics and rapid quenching and sampling techniques to
      give the rate constants for ligand binding, the formation of tyrosyl adenylate,
      and the reverse reaction. The stoichiometry of tyrosine and ATP binding in the
      catalytic process has been determined directly by equilibrium dialysis and
      equilibrium gel filtration under pyrophosphate exchange conditions, i.e., where a
      steady state has been set up in which the equilibrium position favors starting
      materials. It is shown that the rate-determining step in the formation of tyrosyl
      adenylate involves 1 mole each of tyrosine and ATP. A second mole of tyrosine and
      ATP bind to the aminoacyl adenylate complex stabilizing the high-energy
      intermediate. The enzyme tyrosyl adenylate complex that is isolated by gel
      filtration is in a different conformational state from that in the presence of
      tyrosine and ATP.

PMID- 162825
TI  - Interrelationships between synthesis and methylation of ribosomal RNA in isolated
      Novikoff Tumor nucleoli.
AB  - Nucleoli isolated from Novikoff hepatoma cells of the rat were previously shown
      to carry out synthesis of predominantly ribosomal precursor RNA and methylation
      of this RNA in vitro. In order to develop in vitro systems for further detailed
      study of these processes and their interrelationships, isolated nucleoli were
      incubated in a complete RNA-synthesizing medium using (5-3H)cytidine 5'
      triphosphate or S-adenoxyl(methyl-3H)methionine to measure the activities of RNA
      synthesis and methylation, respectively, under the same reaction conditions.
      Methylation of the ribose of the nascent ribosomal precursor RNA predominated. It
      occurred in close coordination with the transcriptional step by RNA polymerase as
      shown by the kinetic data, the analysis of labeled RNA in sucrose gradients, the
      inhibition by increased ionic strength or actinomycin D, and the release of
      labeled nucleotides by a 3'-exonuclease, venom phosphodiesterase. Methylation of
      the RNA bases occurred more slowly, continued longer after transcription ceased,
      and appeared to follow later in the processing of the RNA. Certain divalent
      cations (Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+ at higher concentrations, and Zn2+ and Cu2+)
      inhibited both RNA synthesis and methylation to similar extents. RNase inhibitors
      (bentonite and dextran sulfate) at low concentration inhibited methylation while
      stimulating RNA synthesis, and pyrophosphate greatly decreased RNA synthesis with
      relatively little effect on methylation. These results indicated that RNA
      polymerase and ribosomal RNA methylases can function independently despite their
      close relationship. An exogenous substrate for the nucleolar rRNA methylases was
      found: nuclear RNA prepared from Novikoff hepatoma cells, cultured in the absence
      of methionine, served as a good substrate for methylation of both ribose and
      bases. Other exogenous RNAs, including cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA from these
      methionine-starved cells, nucleolar RNA from normal cells, and wheat germ
      ribosomal RNA were almost devoid of methyl-acceptor activity. A description of
      these parameters helps establish isolated nucleoli as a suitable system for
      further study of interaction of RNA polymerase, methylases, and nucleases in
      control of synthesis of ribosomal RNA.

PMID- 162827
TI  - Hydrodynamic diameters of RNA tumor viruses. Studies by laser beat frequency
      light scattering spectroscopy of avian myeloblastosis and Rauscher murine
      leukemia viruses.
AB  - The diffusion constants of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and murine leukemia
      virus (MuLV) (Rauscher) suspensions in buffer and in 30% sucrose were determined
      by laser beat frequency light scattering spectroscopy at a series of temperatures
      ranging rom 5 to 25 degrees. By the use of the Stokes-Einstein equation, the
      following hydrodynamic diameters are calculated at 20 degrees: MuLV, 154 plus or
      minus 3 nm in sucrose and 145 plus or minus 7 nm in buffer; AMV, 144 plus or
      minus 3 nm in sucrose and 138 plus or minus 4 nm in buffer. While the diameters
      measured in buffer were temperature independent, the diameters measured in
      sucrose decreased by about 20% as the temperature was raised from 5 to 25
      degrees. The concentration of virus particles in the suspensions ranged from 10 7
      to 10 9 particles/ml. The absolute particle concentrations are estimated within
      plus or minus 30% by determining the dilution needed to reach a concentration
      sufficiently low that the particle number fluctuation contribution was comparable
      to that of the interference scattering. Particle weights of 3.9 x 10 8 daltons
      for MuLV and 4.0 x 10 8 daltons for AMV were calculated from the diffusion
      constants and from our own experimentally determined sedimentation coefficients.
      From these particle weights and the hydrodynamic diameters of the viruses, we
      calculated the per cent of the hydrodynamic volume of the viruses which could be
      freely penetrated by water, viz., 57% for AMV and 69% for MuLV.

PMID- 162828
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative interactions of lectins with untreated and
      neuraminidase-treated normal, wild-type, and temperature-sensitive polyoma
      transformed fibroblasts.
AB  - The lectin receptors of confluently grown hamster BHK, wild type polyoma virus
      transformed PyBHK, and temperature-sensitive polyoma transformed ts3-PyBHK
      fibroblasts were investigated using cell agglutination, quantitative (125I)lectin
      binding, and ferritin-lectin labeling. PyBHK and permissively grown ts3-PyBHK
      cells agglutinated more strongly with Ricinus communis I agglutinin (RCA
      I)compared to BHK and nonpermissively grown ts3-PyBHK, although saturation
      binding of (125I)RCA-I to these cells at 4 degrees resulted in a twofold
      difference in lectin-binding sites on BHK and nonpermissively grown ts3-PyBHK
      cells (1.0-1.3 x 10 7 sites/cell) compared to PyBHK and permissively grown ts3
      PyBHK (0.4-0.6 x 10 7 sites/cell). These cells bound equivalent amounts of
      (125I)concanavalin A (0.8-1 x 10 7 sites/cell) and (125I)wheat germ agglutinin (1
      2.2 x 10 7 sites/cell). Under these binding conditions little endocytosis
      occurred, as judged by the subsequent release of greater than 90% cell-bound
      (125I)RCA-I by the RCA-I inhibitor lactose and localization of ferritin-RCA-I
      exclusively to the extracellular plasma membrane surface. However, if the binding
      is performed at 22 degrees, only 50% of the bound lectin can be removed by
      lactose, and ferritin-RCA-I is localized inside the cell within endocytotic
      vesicles. The relative mobility of RCA-I receptors was examined on ts3-PyBHK
      cells by the ability of ferritin-RCA-I to induce clustering of its receptors at
      22 degrees. RCA-I receptors on permissively grown ts3-PyBHK cells appeared to be
      more mobile than on nonpermissively grown cells. BHK and PyBHK cells were treated
      with neuraminidase, and the resulting enzyme-treated cells were assayed for
      lectin agglutinability and quantitative binding of RCA-I, concanavalin A, and
      wheat germ agglutinin. Neuraminidase treatment resulted in decreased concanavalin
      A and wheat germ agglutinability and a slight increase in RCA-I agglutinability.
      The enzyme-treated BHK and PyBHK cells bound less (125I)wheat germ agglutinin
      (2.8 x 10 6 and 2.2 x 10 6 sites/cell, respectively) and 2.5 and 6.2 times more
      (125I)RCA-I (2.5-3 x 10 7) and 3.5-4 x 10 7 sites/per cell, respectively). There
      was no change in the number of concanavalin A binding sites after neuraminidase
      treatment. The increase in RCA-I binding sites approximated the decrease in wheat
      germ agglutinin binding sites indicating that the predominant penultimate
      oligosaccharide residue to sialic acid on these cells is D-Gal.

PMID- 162829
TI  - Rabbit skeletal muscle protein kinase. Conversion from cAMP dependent to
      independent form by chemical perturbations.
AB  - Protein kinase isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle can be reversibly converted
      from the cAMP dependent form to the indepent form by chaotropic salts and urea. A
      similar but irreversible conversion can also be induced by trypsin digestion of
      the holoenzyme. The dissociation of cAMP dependent protein kinase by low
      concentrations of thiocyanate raises the possibility of isolating both native
      regulatory and catalytic subunits. From various changes in enzymatic activity
      caused by urea and trypsin perturbation, it is proposed that the conversion of
      protein kinase from the cAMP dependent to the independent form is due primarily
      to preferential modification of the regulatory subunit of the holoenzyme.

PMID- 162830
TI  - Subcellular distribution of glucocorticoid receptors in mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - Mouse fibroblasts contain a macromolecular binding component (receptor) which
      binds glucocorticoids specifically and with high affinity. This study shows that
      there are three different cellular forms of bound receptor and that it is
      experimentally possible to markedly alter the subcellular distribution of these
      three forms. Cells incubated with (3H)triamcinolone acetonide were broken after
      hypotonic shock and a 7000g hypotonic supernatant was obtained; the pellet was
      extracted with 0.3 M KCl, yielding a nuclear extract; the remaining pellet was
      resuspended in water, sonicated, and assayed for "nuclear residual" (i.e.,
      nonextractable) radioactivity. If whole cells are incubated at 0 degrees in a
      growth medium, almost all of the bound steroid is located in the hypotonic
      supernatant fraction. Incubation at 37 degrees produces a shift of the steroid
      bound macromolecule into the nuclear extractable form, while omission of glucose
      and addition of KCN at 37 degrees markedly increase the nuclear residual form at
      the expense of both the nuclear-extractable and supernatant forms. Since DNase
      treatment of chromatin liberates a soluble steroid-receptor complex, we believe
      that the nuclear residual form may be steroid-receptor complex tightly bound to
      chromatin. We propose a model suggesting that an energy-requiring process is
      required to generate free receptor from the chromatin complex to complete the
      normal cellular recycling system.

PMID- 162831
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance of copper ion and manganese ion complexes with
      the ionophore A23187.
AB  - The binding of Cu2+ and Mn2+ to the ionophore A23187 in chloroform, 90% ethanol,
      and sonicated phospholipid dispersions in aqueous mediums has been investigated
      with electron paramagnetic resonance (epr). The spectra indicated axial symmetry
      for the Cu2+ complexes and distorted octahedral for the Mn2+ complexes. The
      coordination between metal ion and its ligands is predominantly ionic in
      character. The stoichiometry, at the concentrations employed, was found to be 1:2
      M2+/ionophore except in 90% ethanol where evidence existed for the 1:1 Cu-A23187
      complex, as well. Through competition with Mn2+, the sequence of relative
      affinities in 90% ethanol was measured to be: Mn2+ greater than La3+ greater than
      Cu2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Mg2+ greater than Sr2+. The K A of Mn-A23187
      binding is greater than 10 10 M-2. In phospholipid dispersions the spectral
      characteristics of the Cu complex, particularly g, were observed to be a
      sensitive function of the hydrocarbon chain mobility. This allowed a calculation
      of the rotational correlation time of the complex to be made. In sonicated
      dipalmitoyllecithin was computed to be 10-9 sec, reflecting a local viscosity
      similar to that sensed by the nitroxide spin-label 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1
      oxyl. In a (1:1) lecithin-cholesterol dispersion the complex was significantly
      more immobilized.

PMID- 162832
TI  - Thermodynamics of complex formation between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and
      pig skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Formation of the binary complex between the reduced coenzyme nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide (NADH) and pig skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC
      1.1.1.27) has been investigated by calorimetric and equilibrium dialysis
      techniques in 0.2 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at various temperatures.
      Analysis of thermal titration curves at two temperatures (25 and 31.5 degrees)
      shows that the experimental enthalpy data can be rationalized assuming four
      independent and equivalent binding sites for the tetrameric enzyme. Binary
      complex formation is characterized by a negative temperature coefficient, delta
      cp, of the binding enthalpy, which amounts to -1300 plus or minus 53 cal/(deg mol
      of LDH) in the temperature range of 5-31.5 degrees. Despite the slightly smaller
      standard deviation resulting when polynomial regression analysis of the second
      degree is applied to the temperature dependence of the enthalpy values, binding
      enthalpies seem to be adequately represented in the temperature range studied by
      the equation delta H = -1.3T + 2.3, kcal/mol of LDH, T referring to the
      temperature in degrees C. By combination of the results obtained from equilibrium
      dialysis and calorimetric studies a set of apparent thermodynamic parameters for
      binding of NADH to LDH in 0.2 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7 has been
      established.

PMID- 162833
TI  - Multicentric and isolated multifocal glioblastoma multiforme simulating
      metastatic disease.
AB  - Single case reports of multicentric glioblastoma multiforme and multifocal
      glioblastoma multiforme tumours are presented. Multicentric glioblastoma
      multiforme tumours are those which have no macroscopic or microscopic connection.
      Multifocal gliomatous tumours, on the other hand, are those with either gross or
      microsopic continuity or evidence of cerebral spinal fluid spread and/or local
      metastases. The cerebral scintigram findings, cerebral angiogram studies and
      pathological description of these entities are presented. These lesions may be
      mistaken for metastases. In patients with multiple cerebral lesions multiple
      primary malignancies of brain should be considered when there is no clinical or
      radiographical evidence for extracranial primary neoplasms.

PMID- 162834
TI  - Combined colloid and rose bengal liver scanning in a patient with cirrhosis and a
      functional hepatoma.

PMID- 162835
TI  - Letter: Keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 19.

PMID- 162836
TI  - Resuscitation of the monkey brain after one hour's complete ischemia. II. Brain
      water and electrolytes.
AB  - Adult normothermic rhesus monkeys were submitted to one hour's complete cerebral
      ischemia, followed by periods of blood recirculation varying from 45 min to 24 h.
      The functional impact of ischemia and the subsequent recovery was monitored by
      electrophysiological recording and a distinction was made between animals with
      signs of functional recovery and animals without recovery. Prior to ischemia the
      water content of the gray matter was 81.1 plus or minus 0.3% (mean plus or minus
      S.D.) and of the white matter 68.9 plus or minus 0.8%. The sodium-potassium ratio
      in the gray matter was 0.43 plus or minus 0.02 and in the white matter 0.62 plus
      or minus 0.06. During one hour's ischemia brain water did not change
      significantly, but the differences in the sodium-potassium ratio in white and
      gray matter were reduced. Blood recirculation of the brain after ischemia caused
      a considerable increase in brain water content and a shift in the sodium
      potassium ratio up to 1.0. Calculated brain swelling was maximal after 45 min
      when it reached 11.1% of the total brain volume in an animal with recovery and
      12.2% in another one without recovery. In animals with signs of functional
      recovery brain swelling rapidly diminished, followed by a more gradual
      normalization of brain electrolytes within 24 h. In animals without functional
      recovery electrolyte shifts were irreversible or even progressed further. It is
      concluded that brain swelling and electrolyte derangements following one hour's
      cerebral ischemia are fully reversible when signs of functional recovery appear
      and brain metabolism returns.

PMID- 162837
TI  - Structural requirements for the inhibition for L-glutamate uptake by glia and
      nerve endings.

PMID- 162838
TI  - Effects of stress on rat brain adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in vivo.

PMID- 162840
TI  - Characteristics of fast and slow corticobulvar fibre projections to
      reticulospinal neurones.

PMID- 162839
TI  - Nigro-caudate and caudato-nigral relationship: an electrophysiological study.

PMID- 162841
TI  - Cells of origin of the cutaneous subdivision of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract.

PMID- 162842
TI  - Intracellular study of auditory evoked activity in pericruciate cortex of the
      awake, non-paralyzed cat.

PMID- 162843
TI  - Trigeminal pathway of the extrinsic eye muscle afferents in cat.

PMID- 162844
TI  - The innervation of chick striated muscle fibers by the chick ciliary ganglion in
      tissue culture.

PMID- 162845
TI  - Intersegmental gradient of motoneuron activity in an invertebrate postural
      system.

PMID- 162846
TI  - Reciprocal La inhibition during the late reflexes evoked from the flexor reflex
      afferents after DOPA.

PMID- 162847
TI  - Wilms' tumour: treatment of 113 patients from 1960 to 1971.
AB  - The crude 5-year survival rate among children with Wilms' tumour increased from
      54% for those diagnosed from 1960 to 1965 to 81% for the period 1966 to 1971.
      This resulted from an increased ability to cure metastatic disease and, to a
      lesser extent, to an increased ability to prevent relapse. It is proposed that,
      after resection and postoperative irradiation, maintained combination
      chemotherapy with actinomycin D and vincristine should be used electively to
      prevent relapse, but that this use should also be selective in order that overall
      morbidity be minimized. Of urgent priority, therefore, is improved delineation of
      present-day prognostic factors in children with Wilms' tumour.

PMID- 162848
TI  - Hypoglycemia: a perspective.

PMID- 162849
TI  - Combined modality therapy for intracranial tumors.
AB  - Three types of tumor (supratentorial astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, and
      craniopharyngioma), each requiring a fundamentally different therapeutic
      approach, will be used to illustrate the principles and practice of combined
      treatment in this field. The role of radiotherapy and ways of enhancing the
      effect of irradiation will be considered. Attention will be given to adjuvant
      chemotherapy and to multiple drug regimes. Reference will be made to an early
      effort at immunotherapy following the initial reduction of tumor cell load by
      surgery and irradiation.

PMID- 162850
TI  - Prognostically favorable immunogens of human breast cancer tissue: antigenic
      similarity to murine mammary tumor virus.
AB  - A leukocyte migration procedure was utilized to test cellular hypersensitivity of
      breast cancer patients' leukocytes to autologous and homologous breast cancer
      tissues and to murine milk containing murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV). The in
      vitro responsiveness of the leukocytes and the antigenicity of breast cancer
      tissues were compared with in vivo prognostically favorable
      lymphoreticuloendothelial (L-RE) responses seen microscopically at the time of
      mastectomy and with the results of skin window tests of cellular
      hypersensitivity. The data suggest that immunogens appear in the in situ phase of
      the disease and provoke prognostically favorable L-RE responses. These immunogens
      possess antigenic similarity to some component(s) of MuMTV. Progression of the
      disease is associated with or preceded by a loss of tissue immunogenicity and/or
      diminished specific cellular hypersensitivity. The findings are pertinent to
      investigations of human mammary carcinogenesis and immunoprophylaxis.

PMID- 162851
TI  - Malignant soft tissue tumors of probable histiocytic origin (malignant fibrous
      histiocytomas): general considerations and electron microscopic and tissue
      culture studies.
AB  - Correlated light and electron microscopic study of four fibrous histiocytomas of
      proven malignancy has confirmed the presence of histiocyte-like and fibroblast
      like cells in this tumor. In addition, an undifferentiated cell type, giant
      cells, xanthomatous cells, and rare cells with morphological characteristics
      intermediate between those of histiocytes and fibroblasts were seen. "Nuclear
      body" type inclusions were commonly present in both principal cell types in all
      four cases, as were the somewhat less common cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.
      Electron microscopic study of a tissue culture of one of these tumors
      demonstrated only fibroblast-like, histiocyte-like, and xanthomatous cells. The
      possibility is suggested that both principal cell types in this tumor may derive
      from the same undifferentiated stem cell.

PMID- 162852
TI  - Chemodectoma of the vagus nerve. Report of a case with ultrastructural study.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic studies of a chemodectoma of the vagus nerve are
      presented. Forty-four cases of vagal chemodectoma have been reported to date, but
      no electronmicroscopic studies have been published. The ultramicroscopic studies
      showed the presence of clear and dark cells and membrane-bound neurosecretory
      granules, and the absence of sustentacular cells and nerve endings. Similar
      findings have been reported in cases of carotid body and glomus jugulare tumors.

PMID- 162853
TI  - The success and failure of multimodal therapy for cancer in children.
AB  - Achievements, as well as limitation, in combination treatment of childhood
      malignancies are discussed. Tumor types are grouped according to response
      (definite, probable, unknown) to combined treatment. Improvements in survival
      rates have occurred following the addition of chemotherapy to surgery and
      radiation therapy in children with Wilmes' tumor, and Ewing's and soft tissue
      sarcoma, probably by suppression of microscopic metastases. So far, advances are
      not yet apparent following multimodal treatment of neuroblastoma, hepatoma, and
      ovarian tumors.

PMID- 162854
TI  - Combination versus single agent chemotherapy: a review of the basis for selection
      of drug treatment of cancer.
AB  - In a period of a little over 20 years, chemotherapy of cancer has evolved from a
      period of empiricism with little impact on the cancer problem to become part of a
      sound medical discipline with firm scientific underpinning playing an
      increasingly important role in the control of cancer. This progress has come from
      an increasing knowledge of cancer biology and pharmacology and the application of
      this knowledge to improved design of clinical trials, with due consideration to
      the intricacies of the natural history of each disease in question. Now that the
      chemotherapeutic tools are sharpened, their use in combinations with other
      modalities in the previously unfamiliar setting of the patient with early stages
      of the disease promises to lead to an even more exciting chapter in clinical
      cancer research in the next decade.

PMID- 162855
TI  - Inhibition of rat liver DNA polymerase by nitrosoureas and isocyanates.
AB  - The effects of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3
      cyclohexl-1-nitrosourea, and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1
      nitrosourea on two nonmitochondrial DNA polymerases (I and II) purified from rat
      liver and hepatoma were examined. The activity of DNA polymerase I was not
      altered by treatment with any of the nitrosoureas or the corresponding
      isocyanates, 2-chloroethyl isocyanate and cyclohexyl isocyanate. Incubation of
      DNA polymerase II with the nitrosoureas (1 mM) inhibited its enzymatic activity
      30 to 45%. DNA polymerase II was inhibited 75 and 90% by 1.mM 2-chloroethyl
      isocyanate and cyclohexyl isocyanate, respectively. The nitrosoureas appear to
      exert their inhabitory action on the enzyme (DNA polymerase II) rather than on
      the DNA template. Pretreatment of the enzyme increased the degree of inhibition
      by 1 mM nitrosourea (50 to 60% inhibition) or 2-chloroethul isocyanate (greater
      than 90% inhibition), whereas pretreatment of the DNA template did not enhance
      the inhibitory effect. The three nitrosoureas are equally effective as inhibitors
      of DNA polymerase II. 2-Chloroethyl isocyanate and cyclohexyl isocyanate are
      better inhibitors than are the nitrosoureas. Since further decomposition products
      of the isocyanates, 2-chloroethylamine and cyclohexylamine, do not inhibit DNA
      polymerase II, we conclude that the isocyanates, which are decomposition products
      of the nitrosoureas, are the active inhibitors of the enzyme.

PMID- 162856
TI  - Vitamin A (retinyl acetate) and benzo(alpha)pyrene-induced respiratory tract
      carcinogenesis in hamsters fed a commercial diet.
AB  - Male Syrian hamsters fed a commercial diet were given a series of 12
      intratracheal instillations of 3 mg benzo (alpha) pyrene adherent to 3 mg Fe2O3
      in 0.2 ml 0.15 M NaCl at weekly intervals. After the last instillation, the
      hamsters were randomly assigned to receive either 100, 1600, or 3300 (later
      reduced to 2400) mug retinyl acetate per week in divided intragastric doses.
      Hamsters in the 2400-mug retinyl acetate group had a significantly higher
      incidence of respiratory tract tumors than those in the group given 100 mug
      retinyl acetate per week. Liver vitamin A stores increased dramatically in the
      groups given 1600 and 2400 mug retinyl acetate and corresponded to the
      administration of retinyl acetate p.o. Serum vitamin A values were not
      consistently related to retinyl acetate administration or to hepatic stores of
      vitamin A.

PMID- 162857
TI  - Transplantation of hepatomas induced in the avian liver by MC29 leukosis virus.
AB  - A hepatomatous growth derived from primary liver tumors induced in chickens by
      i.v. inoculation with MC29 leukosis virus has been established and maintained in
      the avian host. Hepatoma tissue transplanted into the abdominal cavity in a total
      of 278 chicks in 35 experiments yielded tumors in 222 animals (80%). The i.m.
      implantation in 69 birds in 7 experiments resulted in growth in 67 chicks (97%).
      Tumor tissue introduced inadvertently into the s.c. tissue likewise grew very
      rapidly. Histological and cytological features of the transplants in all sites
      showed preservation of the morphological characteristics of the original primary
      liver tumors through repeated passages. The properties of this first
      transplantable hepatoma derived from virus-induced primary liver tumors are
      compared with those of other transplantable hepatomas.

PMID- 162858
TI  - Uptake, metabolism, and persistence of 3-methylcholanthrene in rat embryo cells
      infected with murine leukemia virus.
AB  - The uptake and persistence of 3-methylcholanthrene have been followed in both
      unifected rat embryo tissue culture cells and in cells infected with type C RNA
      virus. No significant differences in these parameters were observed as a function
      of viral infection or cell passage level. Moreover, neither binding of 3
      methylcholanthrene to nucleic acids or proteins nor carcinogen metabolism were
      altered by the viral carrier state. Although transformation of rat cells by
      chemical carcinogens alone has been reported by us and other authors, the low
      passage rat embryo cells used in this study will not transform unless cells are
      carrying exogenous type C RNA virus. We thus suggest that the virus must play a
      more direct role in the transformation process rather than affecting the ability
      of the cell to absorb, retain, or metabolize the chemical.

PMID- 162859
TI  - Mechanism of cell entry and toxicity of an affinity- purified lectin from Ricinus
      communis and its differential effects on normal and virus-transformed
      fibroblasts.
AB  - An affinity-purified plant lectin from Ricinus communis (RCAII) was shown to
      exhibit differential toxicity toward SV40-transformed 3T3 fibroblasts grown in
      vitro. When macromolecular synthesis was examined in SV3T3 and 3T3 cells, RCAII
      suppressed cell protein synthesis in the transformed line at lower concentrations
      (1/50 to 1/100) compared to the 3T3 line, and these effects were blocked by the
      RCAII inhibitors D-galactose or lactose. RNA and DNA synthesis and L-leucine
      transport were relatively unaffected by RCAII concentrations (greater than 1
      mug/ml) that completely suppressed protein synthesis in both cell lines. The
      RCAII-mediated inhibition of cell protein synthesis required incubation times
      longer than 60 min, but quantitative cell binding studies with 125-I-RCAII
      indicated that the lectin binds to maximal levels in approximately 5 to 10 min,
      even at 4 degrees. During 10-min labeling experiments with 125-I-RCAII (1
      mug/ml), it was demonstrated that the cell-bound lectin could be almost
      quantitatively removed from cells up to an additional 15 min after labeling
      without subsequent inhibition of protein synthesis. However, longer incubation
      times (greater than 30 min) after RCAII cell labeling and washing resulted in
      incomplete removal of cell-bound lectin (less than 20 to 30% of cell-bound lectin
      could be removed after a 60-min incubation). The longer incubation times (greater
      than 60 min) also resulted in almost complete inhibition of protein synthesis.
      Ferritin-conjugated RCAII (ferritin-RCAII) was used to follow the fate of the
      cell-bound lectin. Ferritin-RCAII bound rapidly (less than 10 min) to SV3T3 cell
      surfaces and could be blocked from labeling with lactose. After a 10-min
      incubation at 4 degrees in ferritin-RCAII solutions, the ferritin label was
      exclusively located at the extracellular surface in a random distribution. After
      washing and incubation at 37 degrees, the ferritin-RCAII induced clustering of
      its receptors (15 to 30 min) and eventually induced endocytosis (30 to 60 min).
      Further incubation (greater than 60 min) resulted in a predominantly
      intracellular localization of ferritin-RCAII inside endocytotic vesicles and free
      in the cell cytoplasm. That RCAII acts directly on protein synthesis after cell
      entry was confirmed with rabbit reticulocyte and mouse Krebs II ascites S30 cell
      free protein synthesis system in diameter wit

PMID- 162861
TI  - Specific increase in polyamine levels in chick embryo cells transformed by Rous
      sarcoma virus.
AB  - Chick embryo fibroblasts and chorioallantoic membranes of chick embryos infected
      with oncogenic or nononcogenic viruses were analyzed for polyamines. Nononcogenic
      viruses (influenze, Newcastle disease, or vaccinia virus) had no effect on the
      polyamine content of chorioallantoic membranes. Transformation of chorioallantoic
      membranes by a wild-type or temperature-sensitive mutant strain of Rous sarcoma
      virus under permissive conditions (37 degrees) caused a 2- to 4-fold increase in
      cellular spermidine and putrescine content. Only putrescine accumulated in chick
      embryo fibroblasts transformed by Rous sarcoma virus at 37 degrees. At the
      nonpermissive temperature (42 degrees), the temperature-sensitive mutant, unlike
      the wild-type strain, did not alter cellular morphology or polyamine content.

PMID- 162860
TI  - Carbamyl phosphate synthetases in rat liver neoplasms.
AB  - Isozymes of carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS), CPS I, a mitochondrial enzyme
      found exclusively in liver and involved in urea synthesis, and of CPS II, a
      soluble cytoplasmic enzyme widely distributed in animal tissues, were assayed in
      rat liver and in a series of rat liver neoplasms ranging widely in growth rate
      and degree of differentiation. CPS I was absent from fast-growing, poorly
      differentiated hepatomas, such as the Novikoff hepatoma and Morris hepatomas
      3924A and 9098F, but was present in slow-growing, well- and highly differentiated
      Morris hepatomas. However, there was no close correlation between the growth rate
      or degree of differentiation and the CPS I activity. Activity was very high, at
      levels comparable with normal liver at about 9 UNITS/G, IN SLOW-GROWING,
      HEPATOMAS 21, 47C, and 28A but was very low in other slow-growing highly
      differentiated hepatomas 9618A, 66, and 16. CPS II activity was present in normal
      liver and all hepatomas examined, but with very low activity, of the order of 1%
      or less of that of CPS I activity, with maximal values at 5 to 70 milliunits/g.
      Again, there was no clear correlation with growth rate; the activity was lowest
      in fast-growing, poorly differentiated hepatomas. A striking observation was a
      marked lowering of CPS I activity in livers of rats bearing large, slow-growing
      tumors that have high CPS I activity. As the tumors grew larger and the liver CPS
      I decreased, a relatively constant total CPS I activity was maintained,
      suggesting the existence of a homeostatic mechanism. The effect was not observed
      in rats bearing either fast-growing hepatomas or slow-growing hepatomas with low
      CPS I activity and was not due to some specific nutritional effects of the tumor
      on the host.

PMID- 162862
TI  - Alterations of enzymes associated with plasma membranes and cellular organelles
      during infection of CV-1 cells with Yaba tumor poxvirus.
AB  - The formation of cellular aggregates (foci) in CV-1 cells following infection
      with Yaba tumor poxvirus is dependent upon cell passage level, temperatue of
      incubation, and calcium concentration in the medium. Resistance of older cells
      can be reversed by maintaining calcium at 0.1 mM or by adding cortisone acetate
      (1 mug/ml), hydrocortisone, or estradiol-17beta to the cultures. In susceptible
      cells, foci formation was inhibited slightly by methyltestosterone and inhibited
      completely by dexamethasone, aldosterone and progesterone. Activities and
      patterns of enzymes associated with cytoplasmic membranes (alkaline phosphatase,
      mononucleotidase, and Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase) and lysosomes (beta
      glucuronidase and acid phosphatase) of the younger susceptible and the older
      resistant CV-1 cells differed. These differences apparently occurred in concert
      with phenotypic changes in the membranes that reduced the mobility of older
      resistant cells. In susceptible culture, unifected cells migrated to the infected
      cell and participated in foci formation. Reduction of the calcium content to 0.1
      mM apparently removed some of the constraints on mobility of the resistant cells.
      Although the hormones may have had a similar effect, the changes in enzyme
      patterns indicated basic alterations in protein synthesis. The development of
      resistance to foci formation occurred between the 45th and 50th passage level.
      Hormonal reversal of this resistance resulted in enzyme profiles that reflected
      the pattern of young susceptible cells.

PMID- 162863
TI  - Development of concomitant immunity in mice bearing the weakly immunogenic line 1
      lung carcinoma.
AB  - The interaction between line 1 carcinomas growing s.c. and their spontaneous (or
      artificial) metastases has been studied in syngeneic BALB/c mice. In contrast to
      typical murine tumor systems, concomitant immunity, or the ability of primary
      tumors to suppress the growth of metastases, develops very slowly in this system,
      such that the metastases that are shed within the first week of tumor growth
      survive and ultimately prove lethal to the host. The rate of development of
      concomitant immunity can be accelerated by increasing the hosts' tumor burden or
      decelerated by exposure of the hosts to X-rays prior to tumor transplant. This
      cancer system offers, therefore, an excellent model for the therapy of metastases
      that cannot be obtained with typical murine tumors.

PMID- 162864
TI  - Growth and structural properties of epithelial cell cultures established from
      normal rat liver and chemically induced hepatomas.
AB  - Epithelial cultures established from adult rat liver and from rat hepatomas
      induced in vivo with aromatic amine carcinogens have been compared by light and
      electron microscopy and by growth properties in liquid medium and in agar. The
      morphology and growth patterns of all of these cultures indicate that they have
      characteristics of epithelial rather than fibroblast cells. The criteria
      generally used to score for transformation of fibroblasts were not satisfactory
      for distinguishing normal epithelial cells from hepatoma cells in culture. Growth
      in agar, however, provides a simple and objective method of scoring for
      transformed epithelial cells, because only the tumorigenic cells grow in agar.
      Since none of the normal cultures had hydrocortisone-inducible tryosine
      aminotransferase, we lack definitive evidence that they are derived from liver
      parenchymal cells. The outstanding feature in the ultrastructure of the hepatoma
      cells in culture was the presence of type A and C viral particles. Whereas five
      hepatoma cultures and a spontaneously transformed normal liver cell line were
      positive for these particles, five independently isolated cell cultures from
      normal adult rat liver were negative. Evidence is presented that the viral
      particles seen in hepatoma cultures are due to activation of latent viruses
      rather than to in vitro contamination. The possible significance of these
      particles in hepatocarcinogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 162865
TI  - Junctional specialization in estrogen-induced renal adenocarcinomas of the golden
      hamster.
AB  - Estrogen-dependent renal adenocarcinoma and normal proximal tubules of the
      hamster kidney exhibit junctional differences. Although both cell types possess
      gap junctions, the neoplastic cells have in addition a cytoplasmic configuration
      of gap-junctional membrane (annular nexuses) not found in the kidneys of
      untreated or estrogenized hamsters or in the nontumorous kidney adjacent to the
      adenocarcinoma. The presence of these unique structures in the renal tumor and
      its abdominal metastases was demonstrated by electron microscopy with the use of
      lanthanum impregnation. A possible correlation between these structures and the
      estrogen sensitivity of the kidney neoplasm is made.

PMID- 162866
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of glycoprotein in human breast cancer cells
      maintained in organ culture after incubation with (3H)fucose or (3H)glucosamine.
AB  - Explants of nine infiltrating duct carcinomas of the human female breast,
      maintained in organ culture, were exposed to the glycoprotein precursors, L
      [3H]furcose and [3H]glucosamine, in order to determine the cellular distribution
      of newly synthesized glycoprotein as revealed by autoradiography with the light
      and electron microscopes. Explants were incubated with a single isotope for 2 hr,
      at which time some of the labeled explants were removed for autoradiographic
      analysis while the rest were transferred to nonradioactive medium for an
      additional 24 hr. After exposure to label for 24 hr, autoradiography with each
      isotope was similar and showed strong reactions over most tumor cells. The
      reactions were due to clumps of silver grains over intracytoplasmic lumina within
      single tumor cells and silver grains over Golgi saccules, cytoplasmic vesicles,
      lysosome-like bodies, lateral and basal plasma membranes, and microvilli.
      Extracellular ductular structures were also heavily labeled. At the later
      sampling time, Golgi saccules often showed a reduced reaction while the reactions
      over other organelles and intracellular and extracellular ductular structures
      remained strong. The observations suggest that in our in vitro system the tumor
      cells are metabolically active and complete the synthesis of the carbohydrate
      side chains of glycoproteins within the Golgi apparatus. From there, some of the
      newly synthesized glycoprotein appears to migrate to plasma membranes and
      lysosome-like bodies. Furthermore, our data support the notion that many duct
      carcinomas of the breast exhibit secretory activity by showing that some newly
      synthesized glycoprotein also appears to become products that are secreted into
      intracellular and extracellular ductular structures.

PMID- 162867
TI  - Effect of neurotransmitters, Guanosine triphosphate, and divalent ions on the
      regulation of adenylate cyclase activity in malignant and adenosine cyclic 3':5'
      monophosphate-induced "differentiated" neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - The effect of acetylcholine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, prostaglandin (PGE1),
      guanosine triphosphate (GTP), and divalent ions on adenylate cyclase activity in
      homogenates of ""differentiated" and malignant mouse neuroblastoma cells was
      studied. The sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to acetylcholine and 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylethylamine markedly increased in adenosine cyclic 3:5
      monophosphate-induced differentiated neuroblastoma cells. Although 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylethylamine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in malignant
      neuroblastoma cells, it failed to do so in X-irradiation induced differentiated
      cells. PGE1 and GTP stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in malignant and
      adenosine cyclic 3:5-monophosphate induced differentiated neuroblastoma cells to
      about the same level. GTP protentiated the PGE1 effect in differentiated
      concentrations of magnesium and manganese inhibited adenylate cyclase activity;
      this effect was more pronounced in differentiated cells than in malignant cells.
      Calcium stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in malignant and differentiated
      cells to about the same level. There was no significant difference in the values
      of Km and Vmax of neuroblastoma cells. This study shows that the sensitivity of
      adenylate cyclase to neurotransmitters and divalent ions (magnesium and
      manganese) and the sensitivity of PGE1 stimulated enzyme activity to GTP increase
      in adenosine cyclic 3:5-monophosphate-induced differentiated neuroblastoma cells.
      Therefore, we suggest that the reverse may be true during malignant
      transformation of nerve cells.

PMID- 162868
TI  - Colon carcinogenesis with azoxymethane and dimethylhydrazine in germ-free rats.
AB  - The effect of intestinal microflora on the sensitivity of the colon to the
      carcinogenic effect of azoxymethane and a large dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine was
      studied using germ-free and conventional female Fischer rats. Injection s. c. of
      1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced tumors of the ear duct, kidney, and small intestine
      of conventional rats but none in germ-free animals. Only 20% germ-free rats
      showed 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors, whereas 93% of conventional
      rats developed multiple colonic tumors. Intrarectal instillation of azoxymethane
      appreciably increased the multiplicity of colonic tumors in germ-free rats and in
      gnotobiotic rats contaminated with Clostridium perfringens, as compared to
      conventional controls. None of the germ-free rats showed ear duct tumors. The
      incidence of kidney tumors was lower in germ-free rats than in other groups. It
      is concluded than the intestinal microbial populations alter the effect of
      carcinogens in the large intestine.

PMID- 162869
TI  - Glomerular immune complex deposits associated with mouse mammary tumor.
AB  - Adult Paris R-III mice with localized mamary tumors were found to have
      subendothelial glomerular immune complex deposits by electron microscopy and
      immunofluorescence. In addition to IgG adn B-1-C, the glomeruli contained
      antigenic material that reacted with an antiserum to mouse mamary tumor virus.
      These findings support the hypothesis that many animals with congenitally or
      neonatally induced virus-related tumors are not immunologically tolerant to the
      oncogenic virus.

PMID- 162870
TI  - A carcinofetal antigen located on the membrane of cells from rat intestinal
      carcinoma in culture.
AB  - Heteroantisera were produced in rabbits by immunization with cultivated cells
      from rat intestinal carcinomas. The sera were made specific by in vivo absorption
      in syngeneic rats. On immunofluorescence, these sera recognized a membrane
      associated antigen common to five different intestinal carcinomas and to fetal
      intestine. The antigen was not detected in noncancerous adult intestine,
      nonintestinal fetal tissues, or three nonintestinal tumor cell lines.

PMID- 162871
TI  - Characteristics of rat carcinoma in culture.
AB  - Rat chloroma cells have been propagated in permanent suspension cultures and are
      grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal calf serum and 2.5%
      horse serum. Several lines have been established; the one of longest duration,
      Mia C51, has been maintained for over 18 months and has undergone over 100
      transfers. Mia C51 cells have a doubling time of 12 hr and maintain many of the
      properties of the parent tumor, including the characteristic greenish color with
      high myeloperoxidase activity, an an aneuploid chromosomal pattern, and intact
      tumorigenicity. They will uniformly produce greenish chloroma tumors when
      injected into newborn rats. Electron microscopic examination of chloroma tumors
      and the cultured cells derived from them reveal the presence of extracellular
      mature and immature type C virus particles morphologically typical of
      oncornaviruses. Chloroma cells obtained from tumors that lost their alkaline
      phosphatase activity after repeated transfer regain full activity in culture.
      Studies using the antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis indicate that the loss
      of alkaline phosphatase activity represents a true decrease in alkaline
      phosphatase protein, which is restored under culture conditions. The availability
      of a permanent chloroma cell line in culture that maintains the biological
      properties of the parent tumor provides a useful model for the study of myeloid
      leukemia.

PMID- 162872
TI  - Induction of permanently proliferating human lymphoblastoid lines by N-methyl-N'
      nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment of human peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells increases the frequency of lymphocyte transformation into
      permanently proliferating lines. The transformation is dependent on the dose of N
      methyl-N-7-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and does not occur in the presence of
      autologous human serum. Thirty-eight of the forty-two established lines resulting
      fron N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment produced detectable Epstein
      Barr virus antigens.

PMID- 162873
TI  - Characteristics of mammary tumor cultures from four mouse strains infected with
      mammary tumor virus.
AB  - The morphology and production of oncornaviruses in primary cell and explant
      mammary adenocarcinoma cultures derived from C3Hf, BALB/cNIV, BALB/cfC3H, and C3H
      mice were characterized. Cultures from the four mouse strains were
      morphologically similar; they were all epithelial and formed hemicysts and
      mounds. However, the numbers of cells containing mammary tumor virus (MTV)
      antigens and the production of cell-free MTV varied greatly among the established
      cultures. The percentages of MTV-positive cells in the cultures correlated with
      detection of cell-free MRV; immunodiffusion assays of virions from C3Hf and
      BALB/cNIV cultures were consistently negative for MTV antigens, whereas virions
      from BALB/cfC3H and C3H cultures were always positive. Synthesis of murine
      leukemia virus group-specific, soluble antigens was always observed in C3Hf,
      BALB/cNIV, and C3H cultures but only rarely observed in BALB/cfC3H cultures.

PMID- 162874
TI  - Mechanism of natural resistance to N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine in cultured
      cells.
AB  - Twenty-one cell lines (six human lines, and nine mouse lines) were compared with
      respect to inhibition of growth by N-6-(delta-2-isopentenyl)adenosine (IPAR). Six
      of these, mouse Sarcoma 180, Ehrilich ascites carcinoma, mammary adenocarconoma
      (TA3), leukemia L1210, mouse kidney, and canine kidney cells, differed by up to
      16-fold with respect to their sensitivity and were chosen for further study. One
      factor contributing to the resistance was a slower formation of intracellular 5
      monophosphate of IPAR (IPAMP) due to reduced adenosine kinase activity. Because
      of this slower formation of IPAMP in the resistant cells, a higher extracellular
      IPAR was required for the maintenance of equal intracellular IPAMP levels.
      Regardless of the degree of resistance, the rate of decay of intracellular IPAMP
      was similar and very rapid, with a half-life of 37 plus or minus 5 min. In the
      sensitive cells IPAMP was cleaved back to IPAR, while in the resistant cells IPAR
      was cleaved further to the free base, N-6-(delta-2-isopentenyl)adenine (IPA),
      which accumulated in the medium. The rate of formation of IPA constitutes an
      irreversible inactivation of IPAR, because IPA is not converted back to IPAMP and
      is not growth inhibitory. In one of the resistant cells (mouse kidney) the
      inactivation was so rapid that in 1 hr 25% of the extracellular (30 muM) IPAR was
      converted to IPA.

PMID- 162875
TI  - Subcellular distribution of the enzymes related to the cellular action of
      vasopressin in renal medulla.
AB  - Subcellular distribution of the enzymes related to the cellular action of
      antidiuretic hormone was studied in bovine renal medulla. The highest activity of
      vasopressin-stimulated adenylate cyclase was found in plasma membranes. The basal
      activity increased two times above homogenate while vasopressin-stimulated and
      NaF-stimulated activities both increased five times. Adenylate cyclase activity
      was present also in other particulate fractions, but it was not significantly
      stimulated by vasopressin. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase was predominantly located
      in the cytosol when assayed with 0.5 mM cyclic AMP or with 5 muM cyclic AMP.
      However, with the latter concentration of cyclic AMP more activity remained
      associated with the particulate fractions and was more inhibited by theophylline.
      The highest cyclic AMP-stimulated protein kinase activity occurred in the
      cytosol. Protein kinase activity present in other subcellular fractions was not
      markedly stimulated by cyclic AMP. Protein phosphatase activity was highest in
      cytosol when assayed using 32P-histones, 32P-plasma membrane proteins, and 32P
      cytoslic proteins. The activity was unaffected by 10-6M to 10-4M cyclic AMP or
      cyclic GMP. The activity was completely inhibited by 10mM ZnSO4 and 10mM CuSO4;
      10mM NaF inhibited the activity by approximately 14%. The enzymes related to the
      cellular action of vasopressin are predominatly localized in the cytosol except
      for the vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase which is plasma membrane bound.
      To mediate the effect of antidiuretic hormone and act on the luminal plasma
      membrane these soluble enzymes and their substrates should be compartmentalized,
      possibly by a system of cytoplasmic microtubules.

PMID- 162877
TI  - Interaction of amino acids and cyclic AMP on the release of insulin and glucagon
      by newborn rat pancreas.
AB  - Splenic lobes from the pancreas of newborn rats (48-64) hr. were used for the in
      vitro  investigation of cyclic AMP, glucose and amino acid interaction in
      hormonal secretion. The slight discrepancy found in glucagon relaease with
      radioimmunoassay and binding assay to specific receptors in liver does not affect
      the ratio of stimulated to control values. The insulin release due to
      gheophylline dibutyrl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) or  to arginine is glucose-dependent as
      in adult rats and provides an index for the validity of the preparations. Glucose
      alone is efficient in stimulating insulin release but does not affect glucagon
      secretion; however simultaneous addition of 10 mM arginine, alanine, and lysine
      (A.A.)  or of arginine alone resulted in a higher glucagon release at 1.6 mM 
      than at 16.7 mM GLUCOSE. Theophylline (5 mM)and dbcAMP (2mM) induced a 2=fold
      increase in glucagon release at low or hight glucose concentrations . Incubation
      of theophylline (10 mM) and A.A. or arginine resulted in a considerable increase
      in glucagon release. Potentation of the 3 A.A.-induced glucagon reby dbcAMP was
      about 1800% no matter what the glucose concentration; similar observations were
      made for insulin with a 700% potentiation of the 3 A.A.effect glucagon was
      released more effectively by dbcAMP than was insulin,whereas the reverse was
      observed with theophylline. These findings suggest that knowledge of the cyclic
      AMP content is essential when assessing the influence of substrates on glucagon
      release. The combination of substrates with cyclic AMP clearly demonstrated that
      potentiation of glucagon release occurs mainly with amino acids, whereas for
      insulin  occurs mainly with amino acids, whereas for insulin release it is mainly
      glucose which potentiates release.

PMID- 162876
TI  - Estrogen-induced uterine responses and growth: relationship to receptor estrogen
      binding by uterine nuclei.
AB  - The relationship between estrogen receptor(R) binding by uterine nuclei and
      uterotrophic responses was examined. Immature rats received a single injection of
      estradiol (E2) or estriol (E3) and the following parameters were measured:
      accumulation and retention of the estrogen receptor by the nuceus of uterine
      cells; incorporation of 14C-glucose into CO2 lipid, protein and RNA; RNA
      polymerase activity; water imbibition and increased dry weight. E2 and E3 were of
      equal potency with regard to the rapid accumulation of R by the nucleus but
      differed with respect to long term retention of R.  The concentrations of nuclear
      RE2 and RE3 complexes were equivalent between 1 and 3 hr after estrogen
      injection; however, by 6 hr RE2 remained significantly elevated while RE3 levels
      had fallen to control values. E2 and E3 were also of equal potency with respect
      to the stimulation of enhanced glucose utilization, water imbibition, the
      incorporation of 14C-glucose into lipid, protein and RNA 3 hours following an
      injection of the hormone. Likewise the activity of RNA polymerase was equally
      stimulated by E2 and E3 3 hr after injection. Thus all early uterotropic
      responses (0-3 hrs) that were measured were equally stimulated by E2 and E3.
      However, E3 failed to stimulate true uterine growth (increase dry weight 24 hr
      after injection), whereas E2 produced a significant stimulation of true uterine
      growth. These data suggest that the RE complex is capable of stimulating early
      uterotrohic events regardless of which estrogen is present; however, in order to
      produce true uterine growth the RE complex must be retained in the nucleus for
      long periods of time. This proposal was tested by the administration of
      repetitive injections of E3. This treatment resulted in an increase in dry weight
      that was equivalent to the growth that was produced by repetitive injections of
      E2. These results demonstrate that E2 and E3 elicit early uterotrophic responses
      with equal facility following a single injection but that only E2 causes true
      uterine growth. The ability of  E2 to stimulate true uterine growth appears to be
      related to the time of residence of the RE complex in the nucleus.

PMID- 162878
TI  - Estrogen receptors in the chick oviduct.
AB  - An estradiol binding component has been identified in the cytoplasmic fraction of
      the immature chick oviduct. The method used to resolve this receptor differed
      from the standard sucrose gradient centrifugation approach in that tritiated
      hormone was present throughout the sucrose gradient. This modification was
      necessary to preserve the hormone complex during centrifugation. Under these
      conditions, an similar to 8 S binding component was demonstrated which underwent
      dissociation to a similar to 5 S component in high ionic strength medium. Binding
      specificity determinations revealed that this receptor preferentially bound
      estrogens. Quantitative binding analysis showed that a limited class of binding
      sites was present with a dissociation constant  (K-d) for estradiol of similar to
      8.6 times 10-10M. These properties indicate that this binding component may
      function as a biologic receptor for estrogens in the oviduct.

PMID- 162879
TI  - Content of nuclear estradiol receptor complex in rat corpora lutea during
      pregnancy: relationship to estrogen concentrations and cytosol receptor
      availability.
AB  - The content of estradiol receptor in cytosol and nuclear cell fractions of rat
      corpora lutea changed during pregnancy. The binding of (3-H)) estradiol to luteal
      cell cytosol was high early in pregnancy between days 3-11, decreased on days
      12and15 and was low throughout of the remainder of pregnancy. In contrast, the
      binding of (3-H) estradiol to nuclear receptor, as measured by nuclear exchange
      assay, was low early in pregnancy, increased between days 10-15, remained high
      through day 18 and decreased on days 20 and 22. The administration in vivo of
      estradiol-17beta (40 mug) 1 hr prior to sacrifice stimulated an increase in
      nuclear receptor content early in pregnancy (days 3,6,8,10-12) but not later in
      pregnancy (15,18,20, and 22,). These results suggested that the estradiol binding
      component(s) present in rat luteal cell cytosol early in pregnancy represented
      available estradiol receptor capable of being translocated to the nucleus in the
      presence of sufficient estradiol. However, once available receptor has been
      saturated by endogenous hormone at midgestation, exogenous hormones hasno further
      effect on no nuclear receptor content. Importantly,loss of nuclear receptor
      content late in pregnancy appears to reflect decreased levels of total cellular
      receptor indicating that corpora lutea at the end of pregnancy have lost the
      primary  mecchanism for responding to estrogens Thus, various stages of luteal
      cell differentiation are associated with changes in the intra-cellular
      distribution and total cellular content of estradiol receptor suggesting that
      luteal cell function may be regulated selectively and separately by hormone
      concentrations and hormone receptor availability.

PMID- 162880
TI  - The clearance of ACTH from the plasma of adult and fetal sheep.
AB  - The disappearance of 125-I-ACTH from the circulation of 4 pregnant and fetal
      sheep has been followed after a single injection to the ewe or fetus. The mean
      metabolic clearance rate for the fetus and the ewe was 55 and 34 ml/min/kg
      respectively, giving a half-life in each case of about 1 min. The higher fetal
      than maternal arterial plasma ACTH concentration has been ascribed to a higher
      rate of secretion rather than a reduced rate of clearance compared with the ewe.
      There was no evidence of placental transfer of immunologically reactive ACTH.

PMID- 162882
TI  - Identification and measurement of urinary estrone, estradiol-17 beta, estriol,
      pregnanediol and androsterone during the menstrual cycle of the orangutan.
AB  - Urinary estrone, estradiol-17beta, estriol, pregnanediol and androsterone were
      identified and measured during 3 menstrual cycles in 2 female orangutans. In 2 of
      the cycles, the animals excreted 1-8 mug/day estrone, 0.5-6 mug/day estradiol
      17beta, 1-8 mug/day estriol, 20-206 mug/day pregnanediol and 120-522 mug/day
      androsterone during the first half of the menstrual cycle. In the second half of
      the cycle, corresponding values were 3-21 mug/day estrone, 2-10 mug/day estradiol
      17beta, 1-9 mug/day estriol, 54-800 mug/day pregnanediol and 90-1158 mug/day
      androsterone. In 1 cycle, the estrogen values for the second half were
      considerably higher, possibly due to the animal becoming pregnant just before
      this study commenced. The values for estrone and estradiol-17beta are similar to
      those found in the human and chimpanzee menstrual cycle. The values for estriol
      were lower than in the human but higher than in the chimpanzee. Levels for
      urinary pregnanediol and androsterone were significantly lower than in the human.
      Variations during the menstrual cycle for estrone were characterized by a
      midcycle peak followed by a second peak in the luteal phase. No definite pattern
      was apparent for estradiol-17beta or estriol. Both urinary pregnanediol and
      androsterone levels were low during the first half of the cycle, started to rise
      just after midcycle, and showed a peak during the second half of the menstrual
      cycle.

PMID- 162881
TI  - Selective proteolysis of the receptor for parathyroid hormone in renal cortex.
AB  - Studies were carried out to determine if the receptors for parathyroid hormone,
      calcitonin, and prostaglandin E1 could be differentiated in renal cortex. Slices
      of rabbit renal cortex were incubated in buffer containing theophylline for 1 hr
      and then in fresh buffer with and without hormone for an additional period of 15
      to 30 min. Parathyroid hormone caused a marked increase in 3',5'-AMP in both the
      tissue and the reaction medium. The maximal increase in 3',5'-AMP in response to
      prostaglandin E1 was similar to that of parathyroid hormone in the tissue but
      significantly less in the medium. The maximal response to calcitonin was less in
      both the tissue and the medium. Addition of 200 mug/ml trypsin to the first
      incubation abolished the subsequent response to parathyroid hormone in both the
      tissue and the reaction medium but did not affect the basal concentration of
      3',5'-AMP or the response to calcitonin or prostaglandin E1. Controls were
      carried out to show that the lack of response to parathyroid hormone could not be
      attributed to hydrolysis of the hormone by residual trypsin. Slices were also
      homogenized after preincubation with and without trypsin and assayed for
      adenylate cyclase activity. Incubation with trypsin markedly diminished the
      increase in enzyme activity in response to parathyroid hormone but did not alter
      the basal activity or the response to calcitonin or sodium fluoride. The response
      to prostaglandin E1 was significantly increased. Combinations of any two or the
      three hormones at maximal concentrations caused an additive increase in adenylate
      cyclase activity. The results indicate that the receptors for parathyroid
      hormone, calcitonin and prostaglandin E1 in renal cortex are separate and the
      receptor for parathyroid hormone can be selectively hydrolyzed by proteolytic
      digestion.

PMID- 162883
TI  - [Adrenal reserve in diabetes insipidus treated with chlorpropamide].

PMID- 162884
TI  - Interaction of fluorescent probes with plasma membranes from rat liver and morris
      hepatoma 3924A.

PMID- 162885
TI  - Cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase Ca++-dependent formation of bovine
      brain enzyme-activator complex.

PMID- 162886
TI  - A modified structure at the 5'-terminus of mRNA of vaccinia virus.

PMID- 162887
TI  - [Functional organization of neurons of the dorsal hippocampus].

PMID- 162888
TI  - [Hypothalamic regulation of the hypophyseal-adrenal system in the recovery period
      following physical loading].

PMID- 162889
TI  - Clinical conference: Wilmington Medical Center. Ascites, hepatomegaly, G.I.
      bleeding and shock.

PMID- 162890
TI  - Hereditary defects of dentin.

PMID- 162891
TI  - Enamel hypoplasia and anomalies of the enamel.

PMID- 162892
TI  - Practical approaches to managing peripheral neuropanthies.

PMID- 162893
TI  - [Histochemical examination of amniotic fluid cells in the last trimester of
      pregnancy].

PMID- 162894
TI  - A spectrum of modalities for treating schizophrenia.
AB  - The author suggests there is a temporal sequence of therapies for schizophrenia,
      in a continuum of somatic, large-group, small-group, and individual modalities.
      The therapies arrange themselves in the same order when considered on the
      parameters of individualized care, treatment population, location, targets and
      goals, and techniques. By matching the four kinds of treatments, and their goals
      and areas of efficacy, with the schizophrenic's spectrum of changing needs, the
      clinician can determine what treatment is most appropriate for a patient at a
      particular time.

PMID- 162895
TI  - Community care for chronic mental patients: the need for a reassessment.
AB  - The release of chronic mental patients from the hospital to the community has
      been prompted more by political and economic considerations than by any planned
      treatment strategy. Large numbers of former patients have gone to live in
      privately operated boarding houses and nursing homes, where staff have had little
      experience with mental illness, and where conditions are not much different from
      the back wards of state hospitals of past decades. New models for caring for
      chronic, dependent patients should be developed; they should incorporate the
      precepts of an open social system and should be built around the needs of such
      patients as they themselves perceive them. To date, few state mental hospitals,
      have had the funding, staff, or support to adequately explore the possibilities
      of an optimal environment.

PMID- 162896
TI  - Letter: "The neurocristopathies: a unifying concept of disease arising in neural
      crest development".

PMID- 162897
TI  - Congenital mandibular myoblastoma.

PMID- 162898
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate increases the outflow of aqueous humor from the
      rabbit eye.
AB  - Direct administration of cyclic-AMP into the anterior chamber increases the
      outflow facility of the eye for aqueous humor. This is consistent with the
      hypothesis that catecholamines lower the intraocular pressure of the rabbit eye,
      at least in part, by a cyclic-AMP-mediated mechanism. This mechanism is active in
      the outflow channels and increases the rate at which aqueous humor leaves the
      anterior chamber.

PMID- 162899
TI  - Keratomycosis in Wisconsin.
AB  - Candida albicans was the most common fungus responsible for mycotic keratitis in
      our series from a northern climate, as opposed to southern climates where other
      fungi were more common. Pimaricin was effective in our patients with Candida
      infections and in one patient with Aspergillus infection that had been
      unresponsive to previous amphotericin B.

PMID- 162900
TI  - Combined therapeutic approach to malignant lacrimal gland tumors.
AB  - The medical records of 13 patients with primary malignant lesions of the lacrimal
      gland revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma as the most common malignant tumor. The
      histologic cell type, neural invasion, and bony destruction were correlated with
      localized control and ultimate survival. Surgical removal of the lacrimal gland
      was adequate treatment for low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma confined to the
      gland itself. Combining a radical surgical removal of the area in planned
      sequence with high voltage radiation therapy offered the only reasonable hope for
      localized control in the more aggressive cell types or in tumors with neural
      invasion or bony involvement. A 40%-localized control and survival rate was
      achieved in the adenoid cystic carcinoma group of patients. Radiation therapy
      administered for cancer that obviously recurs after surgical resection was
      generally unsuccessful.

PMID- 162901
TI  - Hypogammaglobulinemia predisposing to infection in foals.
AB  - Measurement of serum immunoglobulins in 46 foals less than 2 weeks old revealed 9
      foals with hypogammaglobulinemia. The hypogammaglobulinemia was attributed to
      failure in transfer of immunoglobulins from dam to foal via colostrum. Three of
      the affected foals did not nurse at all, or only slightly, and 2 of these died of
      infections within a few days after birth, whereas the 3rd foal did not grow as
      well as normal foals. Six of the affected foals nursed in an apparently normal
      manner, and 5 of these had nonfatal respiratory infections between 2 and 5 weeks
      of age. Analysis of serum samples from surviving foals demonstrated that
      immunoglobulins were eventually produced. One other foal examined had
      hypogammaglobulinemia at 57 days of age, an age when the foal should have
      produced large amounts of immunoglobulin independent of passive transfer. This
      foal had simultaneous infections and hypogammaglobulinemia, but eventually
      produced normal amounts of immunoglobulin. Cellmediated immunity was normal at 3
      months of age. This condition was designated transient hypogammaglobulinemia and
      was thought to be due to a temporary inability to make immunoglobulins.

PMID- 162902
TI  - Viral respiratory infections of horses: structure and function of lungs in
      relation to viral infection.
AB  - Since the advent of cell culture techniques, numerous viruses have been shown to
      be related to respiratory diseases in horses. Although the viruses differ in many
      ways, they cause disease with some common characteristics. This report is a
      summary of some of the available material from written sources and from personal
      observations. It is intended to help explain some of the changes observed in
      viral-induced respiratory disease.

PMID- 162903
TI  - Viral respiratory infections of horses: some specific viruses affecting the
      horse.

PMID- 162904
TI  - Adenoviral infection in foals.

PMID- 162905
TI  - Clinical aspects of viral respiratory infections of horses.

PMID- 162906
TI  - Cell properties after repeated transplantation of spontaneously and of SV40 virus
      transformed mouse cell lines. I. Growth in culture.
AB  - "Spontaneously" or SV40 virus transformed AL/N mouse cell lines were passed
      repeatedly through syngeneic mice. Cell lines were re-established in culture from
      minced pieces of tumors in the presence of concentrated fetal calf serum or from
      tumor cells dispersed by trypsin. The aim of this study was to compare the two
      cell lines in regard to the selection processes which operate during such
      procedures by characterization of the resulting cell lines. Measurements of
      growth in tissue culture on substratum showed no significant difference between
      any of the transformed cell lines. The SV40 transformed cells and its derivative
      cells had a low anchorage requirement for growth. The greatest anchorage
      requirement for growth was in the normal untransformed cells and in the
      derivative cells from the "spontaneously" transformed cells which were
      established from minced tumors. The spontaneously transformed cells and all
      derivative cells had high tumorigenicity (TD50 is less than 10-2). The SV40
      transformed cells had no observable tumorigenicity (TD50 is greater than 10-8),
      except when injected into irradiated mice (TD50 = 1-5 X 10-5 in the
      immunocompetent mice, 5 X 10-4 in the irradiated mice). The SV40 transformed
      derivative cells maintained their SV40 specific T antigen and their
      susceptibility to lysis by specific antiserum.

PMID- 162908
TI  - Phosphorylation but not transport of sugars is enhanced in virus-transformed
      mouse 3T3 cells.
AB  - The transport and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose are separate and
      sequential events in both normal and virus-transformed 3T3 cells. The apparent
      enhancement of 2-dOG uptake by 3T3 cells accompanying virus transformation is not
      due to an effect on the transport process but to enhanced phosphorylation by
      intracellular kinases. Phosphorylation of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose does not occur in
      these cells. Both the rate and extent of transport of this glucose analog is the
      same in normal cells, SV40 virus-transformed cells and sarcoma virus-transformed
      cells. The appropriateness of using 3-O-MeG for studies of the glucose transport
      system of animal cells is examined and discussed.

PMID- 162907
TI  - Growth control in primary fetal rat liver cells in culture.
AB  - Primary fetal rat liver cells cultured in medium deficient in, but not free of,
      arginine in the presence of dialyzed fetal calf serum grow until the final cell
      density is attained and cells become quiescent in the Go phase of the cell cycle.
      When growing cells are transferred into arginine free medium, cells become
      reversibly arrested in Go. Fetal rat liver cells can be induced to synthesize DNA
      by addition of high levels of arginine to serum free medium. Low arginine levels
      in the culture medium do not induce cell growth unless serum is present. Serum
      stimulates arginine uptake in fetal rat liver cells suggesting that serum growth
      factor(s) act by increasing intracellular arginine levels high enough to initiate
      the growth cycle. Fractionation of fetal calf serum by gel filtration on G-200
      Sephadex yields a partially purified arginine uptake stimulating activity which
      is eluted from the column in the same fractions that contain fetal rat liver cell
      growth promoting activity. Insulin induces DNA synthesis in quiescent fetal rat
      liver cells. Glucagon reverses the stimulatory effects of insulin. N-6,O-2
      Dibutyryl adenosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphoric acid (But2c-AMP) (10-minus4 M) and
      theophilline (10-minus3 M) inhibit arginine uptake and the initiation of DNA
      synthesis by serum. The role of arginine in the control of DNA synthesis in fetal
      rat liver cells and the mechanism of action of serum growth factors are
      discussed.

PMID- 162909
TI  - Isolation and characterization of revertant cell lines. VII. DNA synthesis and
      mitotic rate of serum-sensitive revertants in non-permissive growth conditions.
AB  - The ability to synthesize DNA and enter mitosis was studied in Balb/c and Swiss
      3T3 cells, SV40 and MSV-transformed 3T3 cells and revertants of these transformed
      cells in cultures of different serum concentrations and cell densities. Three
      ways were found by which cells were able to maintain a constant cell number in
      non-permissive growth conditions: cessation of DNA synthesis, synthesis of DNA
      coupled with failure to enter mitosis, and the slow traverse of the cell cycle
      coupled with cell shedding. Growth control of the revertant of an MSV-transformed
      Balb/3T3 cell most closely resembled that of Balb or Swiss 3T3. This line did not
      grow in 1% serum and did not synthesize DNA in either non-permissive condition.
      Serum-sensitive revertants of SV40-transformed 3T3 cells are also unable to grow
      in 1% serum and also do not grow beyond confluence in 10% serum, but these cells
      differ from 3T3 in the manner in which this growth arrest is accomplished. In 1%
      serum, revertants synthesize DNA but do not enter mitosis. At confluence in 10%
      serum, they slowly traverse the cell cycle, with dividing cells replacing cells
      that are shed into the medium.

PMID- 162910
TI  - The origin of chicken hematopoietic colonies as assayed in semisolid agar.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to determine whether primitive stem cells
      and/or fully differentiated macrophages were the source of in vitro colonies
      derived from hematopoietic tissues. The chicken colony-forming cell (CFC) present
      in uncultured yolk sac was a nonadherent, presumably undifferentiated cell. The
      efficiency of colony formation in this case was approximately 0.08%. In contrast
      to uncultured yolk sac, the CFC present in one-week old yolk sac cultures was
      evidently a macrophage. Yolk sac cultures, which consisted of greater than 99%
      macrophages, produced colonies with an efficiency of 1-5% while cultures derived
      from peritoneal macrophages produced colonies with an efficiency of 10%. Silica
      selectively destroyed macrophages and reduced the colony forming efficiency of
      cells derived from yolk sac cultures.

PMID- 162911
TI  - Mutants of chinese hamster cells resistant to adenosine.
AB  - Chinese hamster cells do not grow in medium containing high concentrations of
      adenosine because pyrimidine biosynthesis is inhibited. Adenosine metabolism was
      examined in two mutant cell lines isolated on the basis of resistance to
      adenosine. One line was deficient in adenosine kinase suggesting that high
      intracellular AMP concentrations may block pyrimidine synthesis indirectly in
      wild type cells by inhibiting PRPP synthetase. Although no enzymatic defect could
      be identified in the other cell line, these cells inefficiently utilize adenosine
      supplied in the medium.

PMID- 162912
TI  - Allergens of mammalian origin. II. Characterization of allergens extracted from
      rat, mouse, guinea pig, and rabbit pelts.
AB  - Aqueous extracts prepared from lyophilized, defatted rat, mouse, guinea pig, and
      rabbit pelts elicited intense wheal-and-flare responses in the skin of a high
      proportion of patients who were clinically sensitive to these animals. The major
      allergens in each extract were nondialyzable. Skin test reactions to rat, mouse,
      and guinea pig serum were common in patients allergic to these animals. The
      fractions of rat, mouse, and rabbit pelt extract showing maximum allergenic
      activity contained proteins with the electrophoretic mobility of serum albumin.
      Fractions of guinea pig pelt extract with maximum allergenic activity were of
      prealbumin mobility and contained little stainable protein. On Sephadex G-100 gel
      filtration, most allergen from rat, mouse, and guinea pig pelt extracts was
      recovered in fractions containing proteins with a molecular weight range of
      10,000 to 25,000 daltons. Allergen in rabbit pelt extract had a slightly higher
      molecular weight range of 18,000 to 38,000 daltons.

PMID- 162913
TI  - Genes and the psyche.

PMID- 162914
TI  - Women and medicine: the process of professional incorporation.

PMID- 162915
TI  - New horizons for the American Medical Women's Association.

PMID- 162917
TI  - A study on the correlation between cervical cytomegaloviral infections and
      venereal disease.

PMID- 162916
TI  - A case report of four primary cancers: larynx, breast, kidney, and uterus.

PMID- 162918
TI  - Regulation of enzyme development during myogenesis in vitro.

PMID- 162919
TI  - Epidermal chalone and cyclic AMP: an in vivo study.
AB  - Water extracts of skin contain two factors that inhibit epidermal cell
      proliferation: one substance inhibits epidermal cells in the G2 phase (the
      epidermal G2 inhibitor), and another inhibits the transit of cells from the G1
      phase into the S phase (the epidermal G1 inhibitor). Pretreatment of mice with a
      beta-receptor antagonist (propranolol) abolished the activity of the G2 inhibitor
      but not that of the G1 inhibitor. After pretreatment with both propranolol and a
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor (caffine)the G2 inhibitor had full effect. Cafine
      alone had a moderately inhibitory effect on epidermal G2 cells and enhanced the
      depressing effect of the G1 inhibitor on epidermal DNA synthesis. AMP level in
      epidermis to be active. Cyclic AMP is probably also involved in the regulation of
      the rate of transit of epidermal G1 cells into the S phase but the epidermal
      cyclic AMP level seems not to be so critical for the efficacy of the epidermal G2
      inhibitor in epidermal cell differentiation.

PMID- 162920
TI  - In vitro epidermal cell proliferation in rat skin plugs.
AB  - Full-thickness skin plugs from immature and adult rats have been shown to
      incorporate -3H-thymidine in vitro in a semisynchronous fashion for up to 54 hr.
      DNA synthesis is minimal at 16 hr post sacrifice but increases again at 24 and 48
      hr, and cells in S phase at 48 hr have passed through at least one mitosis in
      vitro (between 32 and 39 hr). Advantage can be taken of this semisynchronous
      burst of DNA synthetic activity to test the effects of potential inhibitors of
      skin cell proliferation, and to determine at which phase of the cell cyclic these
      inhibitors act. High concentrations of epinephrine or isoproterenol (10--5 M) are
      required to cause inhibition but the effect is specific for the G2 phase of the
      cell cycle. Propranolol does not demonstrate beta-antagonism in this system,
      since it is a very potent inhibitor acting in G1 phase. Dibutyryl cycle AMP and
      theophylline have two effects: one is a specific inhibitory action on cells in
      the G2 phase and the second is a short-term action limiting thymidine uptake by
      cells in S phase without affecting the transition of cells from G1 to S.

PMID- 162921
TI  - Clinically useful method for the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus.
AB  - A simple method for the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is
      reported; it is relatively rapid and results in a high frequency of recovery of
      virus. A nasal secretion specimen with high titers of virus is inoculated at the
      bedside onto susceptible cell lines to avoid loss of viral infectivity due to
      liability of the virus. During an outbreak of RSV, viral specimens were obtained
      by this method from all young children admitted to the hospital with lower
      respiratory tract disease. RSV or influenza A virus was recovered from 89% of
      these 45 children. RSV was isolated from 87% of those with pneumonia. RSV was
      recovered 60% less often from specimens obtained simultaneously by conventional
      nasopharyngeal swabs. Identification of RSV cytopathic effect was more rapid with
      use of the bedside nasal wash method and was accomplished in an average of four
      days. Hence, this information was available to the clinicician when it was still
      useful in the management of the patient's illness.

PMID- 162922
TI  - Evaluation of four antiviral agents in the treatment of herpes simplex
      encephalitis in a rat model.
AB  - Three hundred four animals were used for the systematic evaluation of the in vivo
      efficacy of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUDR), cytosire arabinoside, 9-beta
      arabinofuranosyladenine, and isoprinosine in the therapy of herpes simplex
      encephalitis in an adult rat model. Type 1 herpes simplex virus was inoculated
      intracerabrally, and drug was administered by the intraperitoneal route. All
      experiments included tests for toxicity and viral controls, Eight sets of
      experiments were used for evaluation of ttherapy with IUDR; the inoculum ranged
      from 64 to 2,000 TCID50, dose of drug from 0.1 mg/g to 1.0 mg/g per day, and
      duration of therapy from one to five days. There was no significant improvement
      in the number of animals surviving or in the survival time when the viral
      controls were compared with mice in treated groups. A slight trend toward
      increased survival time and decreased titer of virus in the brains of animals
      treated with IUDR was noted in the group that received the largest dose. Three or
      four sets of experiments were used to evaluate each of the other three antiviral
      drugs. Results were similar to those reported for IUDR. These results indicate a
      need for further studies, including investigations of the pharmacology and
      toxicity of these antiviral agents, to establish more clearly the dosages of drug
      that are therapeutic, those that are toxic, and ratios of these dosages.

PMID- 162923
TI  - Treatment of variola major with adenine arabinoside.
AB  - A double-blind study of the efficacy of adenine arabinoside in the treatment of
      patients with variola major was conducted. Adenine arabinoside (20 mg/kg of body
      weight) was given to patients intravenously every 24 hr for seven days in a 8-hr
      infusion. Five of the nine patients receiving adinine arabinoside died, and four
      of 11 patients receiving placebo died. Mortality was related to the severity of
      illness for both groups of patients. No difference was found between the drug and
      control groups in number of febrile days after initiation of therapy or in the
      period during which it was possible to isolate virus from skin lisions, throat
      swabs, and sources of clotted blood. Formation of scabs on skin lesions was
      complete 8.3 days after the initiation of therapy for the drug group and after
      11.3 days for the control group. The findings suggest that adenine arabinoside is
      not effective in the chemotherapy of smallpox.

PMID- 162924
TI  - Treatment of variola major with cytosine arabinoside.
AB  - A controlled study of the efficacy of cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of
      patients with variola major was performed. Cytosine aravinoside was given
      intravenously at a dose approximating 3 mg/kg of body weight every 24 hr for up
      to seven days. All nine patients receiving cytosine arabinoside and four of the
      11 patients receiving placebo died. In three of the patients receiving cytosine
      aravinoside, death occurred late in the illness at a time when the patient's
      lesions began to dry up, the patient's temperature became normal, and the
      patient's general condition appeared to improve. The virus could be isolated from
      the blood at day 7 from three of four patients treated with cytosine arabinoside
      as compared with zero of six control patients. Hematologic data showed a
      depression in the number of circulating granulocytes. It is possible that the
      drug lowered the resistance to infection either through direct suppression of
      granulocytes or through interference with other immune mechanisms. Cytosine
      arabinside administered in the doses used in this study is not effective in the
      treatment of variola major.

PMID- 162925
TI  - Invasion of the central nervous system by herpes simplex virus type 1 after
      subcutaneous inoculation of immunosuppressed mice.
AB  - Young adult mice given subcutaneous inoculations in the rear footpad with herpes
      simplex virus type 1 were found to be resistant to infection unless they were
      immunosuppressed with sublethal doses of irradiation or cyclophosphamide. In
      these mice, virus multiplied in the sciatic nerve three to four days after
      inoculation. This development was followed by multiplication of virus in the
      spinal cord and brain, which caused death of the mice in about eight days. No
      virus was detected in the blood or liver. Resection of the sciatic nerve
      significantly increased the number of immunosuppressed mice surviving footpad
      inoculation. Passive transfer of antibody had no effect on the course of
      infection. Sublethal doses of irradiation or cyclophosphamide can apparently
      increase the susceptibility of the central nervous system to invasion of
      Herpesvirus from extraneural sites of infection by spread along peripheral
      nerves.

PMID- 162926
TI  - Classification of enterotoxins on the basis of activity in cell culture.
AB  - Two cell culture systems were used in a study of the biological properties of
      several bacterial enterotoxins in vitro. By means of one model, in which HeLa
      cell monolayers were used, cytotoxic effects, interms of detachment of cells from
      a glass surface due to cell death, were assayed. By means of the second model,
      activation of the adenyl cyclase-cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (AMP)
      system, in terms of increased steroidogenesis by Y-1 adrenal cells (an effect
      which we have termed cytotonic), was assayed. None of the four toxins manifested
      both properties. Rather there was a clear segregation into two cytotoxic
      enterotoxins (Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and Clostridium perfingens) and two
      cytotonic products (Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli). These data raise the
      possibility that some enterotoxins may not interact with the adenyl cyclase
      cyclic AMP system; this possibility has also been suggested by studies of the
      toxin of S. dysenteriae type 1 in the rabbit small bowel. These cell culture
      systems may therefore serve as convenient models for the study of the mechanism
      of action of both classes of enterotoxin.

PMID- 162927
TI  - In vitro labeling of beta-apolipoprotein with 3H or 14C and preliminary
      application to turnover studies.
AB  - 3-H- or 14-C-labeled methyl groups were introduced into apolipoproteins of human
      and pig low density lipoproteins (LDL). 98% of the label was recovered in the
      apoprotein of radiomethylated LDL. Such methylated lipoprotein was compared with
      the corresponding unlabeled LDL with respect to its electrophoretic and
      immunochemical properties, and its behavior in the analytical ultracentrifuge.
      The data demonstrated that neither the human nor pig LDL underwent gross changes
      as a result of methylation. The applicability of radiomethylated pig LDL as a
      tracer for studying the turnover of LDL in pigs was examined. The results showed
      that the behavior of unscreened and screened 3-H-labeled LDL was similar. The LDL
      disappeared with an initial t1/2 of 1.1 hr and a later t1/2 of 30 hr. These
      values agreed well with those reported for radioiodinated LDL. The technique of
      radiomethylation of lipoprotein may afford an advantage over radioiodination as
      it may label peptides that do not have tyrosine.

PMID- 162928
TI  - Splanchnic and hepatic triglyceride secretion during hypercaloric intravenous
      glucose infusion in conscious swine.
AB  - We have validated a radiochemical technique for measuring the rate of secretion
      of plasma triglycerides from the liver and/or splanchnic region during the
      consumption of glucose under isotopic steady-state conditions. Values obtained
      with this technique correlated closely with those based on transhepatic or
      transsplanchnic chemical gradients (r = 0.95). Likewise, values for secretion of
      triglycerides obtained with the radiochemical technique correlated closely with
      those obtained for extrahepatic or extrasplanchnic triglyceride clearance. Values
      for mean net splanchnic and hepatic secretion of plasma triglyceride fatty acids,
      transported essentially in very low density lipoproteins, were 1.9 and 2.0
      mumoles/min.kg body wt0.75, respectively, about one-half of the rate of transport
      of free fatty acids. However, the fraction of triglyceride fatty acids of plasma
      very low density lipoproteins that was derived from plasma free fatty acids
      averaged 9% and that derived from glucose, though increasing with time, reached
      only 2% after constant intravenous infusion of radioglucose for 5 hr. Porcine
      hepatic secretion of plasma triglycerides is large in the glucose-fed state, and
      the secreted triglyceride fatty acids evidently are derived from stored fat or
      glycon.

PMID- 162929
TI  - Accumulation of oxygenated steryl esters in Wolman's disease.
AB  - 7alpha- and 7beta-hydroxycholesteryl esters, 7-ketocholesteryl esters, and
      5,6alpha- and 5,6beta-epoxycholesteryl esters have been identified in tissues of
      patients affected by Wolman's disease. Their structural identities were
      determined by mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and
      confirmed by chemical synthesis. It is postulated that cholesteryl ester
      hydrolase deficiency in Wolman's disease might lead to accumulation of oxygenated
      steryl esters in vivo and impairment of bile acid formation.

PMID- 162930
TI  - Comparison of exchange of alpha-tocopherol and free cholesterol between rat
      plasma lipoproteins and erythrocytes.
AB  - The simultaneous exchange of (3h)tocopherol and (14C)cholesterol between rat
      plasma, rat plasma lipoproteins, and RBC was studied in vitro to compare
      quantitavely (a) the fractional exchange rates and (b) the half-times for isotope
      equilibration. In all incubations of RBC with plasma or with plasma lipoprotein
      fractions, (14C)cholesterol approached equilibrium more rapidly than
      (3H)tocopherol. When the RBC contained the initial radioactivity, the half-times
      for equilibration with plasma of cholesterol and of tocopherol were 1.0 and 2.2
      hr, respectively. However, the fractional exchange rates (KRBC leads to plasma)
      were 0.097/hr for cholesterol and 0.188/hr for tocopherol, indicating that the
      RBC tocopherol pool is turning over almost twice as rapidly as the RBC
      cholesterol pool. The rat plasma lipoproteins were separated into five fractions
      by successive ultracentrifugation. Only two fractions, the high density
      lipoproteins (d 1.063-1.21) and the very low density lipoproteins (d is less than
      1.006), participated to a significant extent in the exchange of either tocopherol
      or cholesterol with RBC. Cholesterol exchange between individual rat plasma
      lipoproteins and RBC had the same half-times for isotope equilibrium for the very
      low and high density lipoproteins, and the RBC fractional exchange rates were
      proportional to the amount of cholesterol in the lipoproteins. In tocopherol
      exchange between individual rat plasma lipoproteins and RBC, the very low density
      lipoprotein tocopherol did not equilibrate completely with the RBC. However, the
      initial rate of tocopherol exchange appeared to be the same for very low and high
      density lipoproteins. The very low density lipoproteins were disrupted by
      repeated freezing and thawing or by dehydrating and rehydrating, and analysis of
      the resulting lipoproteins indicated that free cholesterol was associated more
      closely than tocopherol with the phospholipid-protein portion of the molecule,
      which is thought to be on the surface. This difference in distribution of
      tocopherol and free cholesterol within very low density lipoproteins could
      account for their different rates of exchange and for the nonequilibrium of
      tocopherol between RBC and very low density lipoproteins.

PMID- 162931
TI  - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in human hair roots.
AB  - The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (1.1.1.34) was
      measured in isolated human hair roots. In growing scalp hair roots, the amount of
      enzyme activity per cell was surprisingly high and was of the same order of
      magnitude as has been reported for human liver cells and for human fibroblasts
      cultured in the absence of low density lipoproteins. Hair root enzyme activity
      showed no diurnal variation, was unaffected by cholestyramine feeding, and was
      similar in 14 normal subjects, one patient with abetalipoproteinemia, and one
      homozygote and three heterozygotes with familial hypercholesterolemia. The
      activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in human hair roots
      appears to be unrelated to the level of low density lipoproteins in the plasma.

PMID- 162932
TI  - In vitro analysis of gene depression in goldfish choroidal melanophores.
AB  - The common goldfish depigments its larval choroidal melanophores as well as the
      skin melanophores for about two to three months following hatching. Thereafter it
      begins to show a characteristic xanthic coloration. This depigmentation is under
      the control of depigmentation genes Dp1 and Dp2. The larval choroidal
      melanophores of the common goldfish were cultured in vitro for more than four
      months without showing any sign of depigmentation. During the same period the
      skin and choroidal melanophores in the ACTH to the culture medium had no effect
      on depigmentation. The mechanisms of depigmentation in the goldfish are
      discussed.

PMID- 162933
TI  - An effect of accumulated matrix on sulfation among cells in a cartilage colony:
      an autoradiographic study.
AB  - In this report an autoradiographic approach is used to compare synthetic
      activities of cells within differentiated cartilage colonies. While amino acid
      incorporation is umiform throughout the colony, H-3-uridine is incorporated more
      actively by cells having little matrix, cells which are typically in the
      peripheral regions of a colony. On the other hand S-35-O4 is incorporated most
      actively by cells in the colony centers. This difference in sulfation appears to
      occur independently of the mitotic state of the cells, since it is apparent in
      both growing and near-stationary cultures. Instead, there is a correlation
      between the accumulation of extracellular matrix and more active levels of
      sulfation. In support of the idea that matrix creates a microenvironment more
      favorable to chondrogenesis is the observation that a brief treatment with
      hyaluronidase, which removes about 60% of the S-35-O4 from prelabeled cultures,
      depresses isolation of labeled glycosaminoglycans. The possible role of
      extracellular matrices in altering the expression of differentiated functions by
      creating a more favorable microenvironment is considered.

PMID- 162934
TI  - Effect of ouabain and phenobarbital on the kinetics of cortical metabolic
      transients associated with evoked potentials.

PMID- 162935
TI  - Enzymatic acitivity in tubulin preparations: cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase
      activity of brain microtubule protein.

PMID- 162936
TI  - Immunoglobulin G distribution in multiple sclerosis brain. An immunofluorescence
      study.

PMID- 162937
TI  - Mitochondrial myopathy with multisystem abnormalities and normal ocular
      movements.

PMID- 162938
TI  - Peripheral nerve ischemia. Part 1. Experimental model.

PMID- 162939
TI  - Projections of extraocular, neck muscle, and retinal afferents to superior
      colliculus in the cat: their connections to cells of origin of tectospinal tract.
AB  - Unit recordings were made in the superior colliculus of cats anesthetized with
      chloralose and with Pentothal. Electrical stimulation of extraocular muscle
      afferents and neck muscle afferents excited more units in the superior colliculus
      than did a variety of moving and stationary visual stimuli. Units responding to
      neck muscle afferent stimulation fell into three populations; one population
      firing with a short latency and following stimulus presentation up to 1/s, a
      second population with a long latency and following stimulus presentation at
      frequencies lower than 15/min, and a third population exhibiting paired firing.
      The latencies and firing patterns of the third population combined the
      characteristics of each of the first two patterns. It is suggested that these
      characteristics of unit discharges stem from the existence of two pathways from
      neck muscle afferents to the superior colliculus. The projection is predominantly
      bilateral. Units responding to neck muscle afferent stimulation are distributed
      throughout the superior colliculus on the basis of their latencies. Long-latency
      responses predominate in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus and
      short-latency responses, while more common in the intermediate and deep layers,
      predominate in the tegmentum. Extraocular muscle afferent projections to the
      superior colliculus constitute the single richest projection found in these
      experiments. While the response patterns and latencies are similar to those of
      the neck muscle afferents, long-latency responses are the most common and
      dominate in all collicular regions. Few units in the tegmentum could be excited
      by extraocular muscle afferents. Both extraocular muscle and neck muscle
      afferents show considerable convergence with one another and with retinal
      afferents within the superior colliculus. Cells of origin of the tectospinal
      tract were identified within the superior colliculus and tegmentum by antidromic
      excitation from the upper cervical cord. These cells were distributed
      predominantly within the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus,
      and sparsely in the superficial layers and tegmentum. Almost 50% of the cells of
      origin of the tectospinal tract receive a convergent input from extraocular
      muscle and neck muscle afferents and from the retina. About 30% of the cells were
      inexcitable to the stimuli employed in these experiments. The significance of
      these projections is discussed with respect to superior collicular function in
      the cat and i

PMID- 162940
TI  - Responses of primate spinothalamic tract neurons to electrical stimulation of
      hindlimb peripheral nerves.
AB  - The responses of spinothalamic tract neurons were studied by extra- and
      intracellular recordings from the lumbosacral spinal cord in anesthetized rhesus
      monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The neurons were identified by antidromic activation
      from the contralateral diencephalon. They were then classified by the mildest
      form of mechanical stimulation applied to the ipsilateral hindlimb. The effects
      of electrical stimulation of the nerve(s) supplying the receptive field were
      investigated. Graded electrical stimulation revealed that the threshold responses
      of spinothalamic tract neurons excited by weak mechanical stimuli occurred when
      the largest afferent fibers were activated. On the other hand, neurons that
      required intense mechanical stimulation for their excitation tended to have
      higher thresholds to electrical stimulation. Some spinothalamic tract cells were
      shown to receive monosynaptic excitatory connections from peripheral nerve
      fibers, although polysynaptic connections may generally be more important. An
      input from unmyelinated afferent fibers was demonstrated. It is concluded the
      primate spinothalamic tract neurons receive a rich convergent input from a
      variety of cutaneous receptors. The experiments provide some evidence for the
      most likely types of receptors.

PMID- 162941
TI  - Role of monkey precentral cortex in control of voluntary jaw movements.
AB  - Monkeys were trained to produce a low, steady biting force for 0.5-2.5 s, and
      then a rapid forceful bite in response to a visual stimulus. After large
      bilateral lesions of the precentral face area, monkeys emitted repetitive
      forceful bites on the apparatus, but could not perform the force-holding task.
      They eventually relearned the task, but the force exerted was never as steady as
      it was prelesion, and often oscillated at about 2 and/or 5-6 Hz. After
      retraining, two animals with large bilateral lesions of the face area produced
      median RT responses equal to or only slightly longer than their prelesion
      performance, indicating that neural pathways not involving the precentral cortex
      can mediate quick visual RT responses. The variability of RTs was permanently
      increased, probably as a result of the persistent unsteadiness of the force
      holding response. Incomplete bilateral lesions of the precentral face area, a
      complete unilateral lesion of that area, and bilateral lesions adjacent regions
      of cortex produced either mild, transient difficulties with the biting taks, or
      no problems at all. The results indicate that the precentral cortex has a role in
      the control of voluntary jaw movements. Lesions caused difficulty in controlling,
      but not producing, closing jaw movements, thereby suggesting that this role is
      predominantly to inhibit jaw-closing motoneurons or the systems that excite them.
      Electrical stimulation studies of the face area of the precentral cortex of the
      unanesthetized monkey point to the same conclusion.

PMID- 162942
TI  - A neurophysiological analysis of commissural projections to dentate gyrus of the
      rat.
AB  - The electrophysiological properties of the commissural projections to the dentate
      gyrus of the rat were investigated using extracellular field-potential and unit
      recording techniques. The following conclusions with respect to those
      investigations were obtained: 1) The CA3c/CA4 region of the contralateral
      hippocampus proved to be the most effective site for eliciting the commissural
      field potentials in the dentate gyrus dorsal and ventral leaves. 2) The location
      of the short-latency negative field potential in the molecular layer of the
      dentate gyrus was restricted to a region 50-100 mum distal to the granule cell
      layers corresponding to the inner one-third of the granule cell dendrites. 3) The
      negative field potential proved to satisfy a number of criteria for the
      extracellular representation of the summed EPSPs of synchronously activated
      granule cells. 4) The excitatory nature of the commissural projections to the
      dentate was confirmed by the short-latency driving of units recorded from the
      granule cell layers. 5) A comparison of both commissural and entorhinal cortical
      stimulation procedures showed the field potentials elicited by the different
      convergent anatomical systems to be localized within different regions of the
      dentate molecular layer. 6) The distribution of commissural potentials along the
      septotemporal axis of the dentate gyrus indicated that stimulation sites
      homotopic to the recording electrode in the contralateral CA3c/CA4 region were
      the most effective in eliciting these potentials. 7) These findings were
      discussed with reference to the mode of activation of the dentate granule cells
      by the commissural system with specific comparison to the larger and apparently
      more powerful projections from the entorhinal cortex.

PMID- 162943
TI  - Parametric studies of dorsal horn neurons responding to tactile stimulation.
AB  - Dorsal horn neurons responding to tactile input were recorded in segments L3-S2
      of unanesthetized, low-spinal cats. Single units were characterized with regard
      to receptive field (RF) location, RF size and shape, spontaneous discharge rate,
      central delay, and convergence of four tactile afferent types. 1. RF size
      increased from the toes to the calf region. 2. Length-width ratio increased from
      the toes to the calf and declined from the calf to the hip. 3. The relation
      between RF size and position on the limb was independent of segmental and laminar
      location of the neurons. 4. RF size was positively correlated with spontaneous
      discharge rate. 5. The relation between RF size and shape and RF position can be
      interpreted in terms of regional variations in the magnitude of the gradient of
      representation in the dorsal horn somatotopic map. 6. Central delay was
      negatively correlated with both RF size and rate of ongoing discharge. 7. There
      were no statistically significant differences among the laminae with respect to
      central delay, RF size or shape, ongoing discharge, or convergence combinations
      of the four tactile afferent systems. 8. Data presented were at variance with
      Wall's laminar cascading model for laminae IV-VI. Our results suggest that the
      model should be modified, at least to emphasize monosynaptic tactile input to all
      three of these laminae.

PMID- 162944
TI  - Progressive changes in kitten striate cortex during monocular vision.
AB  - Following initial rearing in either total darkness or normal illumination,
      kittens at different ages were subjected to right-eye closure and various periods
      of vision through the left eye. After the period of monocular vision, single
      units in striate cortex were tested for visual responsiveness through each eye. A
      severe reduction in the proportion of units responsive to the deprived eye
      occurred over the first few days of monocular vision. Functional abnormalities
      were variably present after 1 day, marked after 2.5 and 3.5 days, and complete
      after 10 days. Monocular vision produced very much the same effect on ocular
      dominance of striate units, provided age and duration of suture were identical,
      regardless of whether kittens had received prior dark- or light-rearing.

PMID- 162945
TI  - Nonspiking interneurons in walking system of the cockroach.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from the neurites of interneurons and
      motoneurons in the metathoracic ganglion of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana.
      Many neurons were penetrated which failed to produce action potentials on the
      application of large depolarizing currents. Nevertheless, some of them strongly
      excited and/or inhibited slow motoneurons innervating leg musculature, even with
      weak depolariziing musculature, even with weak depolarizing currents. Cobalt
      sulfide-straining of these nonspiking neurons showed them to be interneurons with
      their neurites contained entirely within the metathoracic ganglion. Two further
      characteristics of these interneurons were rapid spontaneous fluctuations in
      membrane potential and a low resting membrane potential. One nonspiking neuron,
      interneuron I, when depolarized caused a strong excitation of the set of slow
      levator motoneurons which discharge in bursts during stepping movements of the
      metathoracic leg. During rhythmic leg movements the membrane potential of
      interneuron I oscillated with the depolarizing phases occurring at the same time
      as bursts of activity in the levator motorneurons. No spiking or any other
      nonspiking neuron was penetrated which could excite these levator motoneurons.
      From all these observations we conclude that oscillations in the membrane
      potential of interneuron I are entirely responsible for producing the levator
      bursts, and thus for producing stepping movements in a walking animal. During
      rhythmic leg movements, bursts of activity in levator and depressor motoneurons
      are initiated by slow graded depolarizations. The similarity of the synaptic
      activity in these two types of motoneurons suggests that burst activity in the
      depressor motoneurons is also produced by rhythmic activity in nonspiking
      interneurons. The fact that no spiking neuron was found to excite the depressor
      motoneurons supports this conclusion. Interneuron I is also an element of the
      rhythm-generating system, since short depolarizing pulses applied to it during
      rhythmic activity could reset the thythm. Long-duration current pulses applied to
      interneuron I in a quiescent animal did not produce rhythmic activity. This
      observation, together with the finding that during rhythmic activity the slow
      depolarizations in interneuron I are usually terminated by IPSPs, suggests that
      interneuron I alone does not generate the rhythm. No spiking interneurons have
      yet been enccountered which influence the activity in levator motoneurons. Thus,
      we conclude that the rhythm is generated in a network of nonspiking interneurons.
      The cellular mechanisms for generating the oscillations in this network are
      unknown. Continued.

PMID- 162946
TI  - Technetium-99m-pyrophosphate kinetics and imaging in metabolic bone disease.
AB  - A study was undertaken to investigate the behavior of 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate
      complex in metabolic bone disease. Of clinical importance was the generalized
      increased periarticular bone accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical in
      osteomalacia and in combined osteomalacia and osteitis fibrosa as found in
      patients with chronic renal failure. The pattern in primary hyperparathyroidism
      was variable. There was no correlation between the initial rates of accumulation
      of the radiophosphate complex or its bone to soft-tissue uptake ratio at 5 hr
      when compared with the degree of osteomalacia and osteitis fibrosa. It is
      postulated that the 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate complex has greater affinity for
      immature collagen than the crystal surface.

PMID- 162947
TI  - Technetium-99m-pyrophosphate: studies in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - In rats with induced rickets, the uptake of 99mTcO4 and 99mTc-pyrophosphate per
      gram of bone was increased as compared with weight-matched controls. However, the
      uptake of radioactive calcium and 32P-pyrophosphate was similar in both rachitic
      and control animals, suggesting that the 99mTc label conferred specificity and
      favored the rachitic lesions. Employing the rat tibia in an in vitro system,
      99mTcO4 uptake was predominantly in the organic bone matrix; radioactive calcium,
      32P-pyrophosphate, or 14C-diphosphonate uptake was mainly in the bone mineral;
      and 99mTc-pyrophosphate, 99mTc-diphosphonate, and 99mTc-polyphosphate were found
      in both mineral and organic phases. By removal of both mineral and polysaccharide
      and by using agents that altered the degree of collagen fibril cross-linking,
      evidence was obtained suggesting the 99mTcO4 and 99mTc-pyrophosphate are
      preferentially bound by immature collagen.

PMID- 162948
TI  - Distribution of 99mTc-Sn diphosphonate and free 99mTc-pertechnetate in selected
      soft and hard tissues.
AB  - Because increased uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate (ethane-hydroxy-1, 1
      diphosphonate) occasionally occurs in the anterior neck region, the possible
      increased affinity of the diphosphonate bone-scanning agent for cartilage was
      investigated. In vivo scintigraphic studies and organ analyses from rats and
      rabbits injected with this bone scintigraphic agent were performed. Trachea-to
      muscle uptake ratios were a high 45:1 in adult Sprague-Dawley rats and approached
      the femur-to-muscle ratio of 93:1. Technetium-99m-diphosphonate uptake was also
      increased, but to a lesser extent, in xiphoid cartilage, tendon, and ear
      cartilage; this was proportional to the calcium content of the organ. The thyroid
      showed a high affinity for free pertechnetate but not 99mTc-diphosphonate,
      providing further evidence that the increased neck uptake of this 99mTc
      diphosphonate is due to tracheal, not thyroid activity. In addition,
      premedication of three patients with 200 mg of potassium-perchlorate did not
      block this neck uptake. Interpretation of scintigraphs performed with 99mTc
      diphosphonate that show lesions in the cervical spine should take into account
      the potential for false-positive readings caused by this increased tracheal
      uptake.

PMID- 162949
TI  - Kinetics of 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate and polyphosphate in man.
AB  - Thekinetic of 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate were compared with those of
      polyphosphate in ten patients in a combined study. Both agents cleared from the
      blood in a biexpoential fashion. The clearance half-time of Exponent I was the
      same for both and was shorter than the clearance half-time of Exponent ii.
      Urinary excretion of both agents was the same during the first hour but during
      the next 3 hr Tc-pyrophosphate cleared at a slightly more rapid rate, resulting
      in lower blood background radioactivity. Both agents were bound loosely to plasma
      proteins, mainly to globulin fractions. The sensitivity of lesion detection was
      similar for both. Excellent bone images were obtained with both agents. The
      images with Tc-pyrophosphatewere consistently superior owing to the low blood
      background and they took less time to accumulate an identical number of counts
      from identical regions. With the amount of 99mTc-complex used, no hyocalcemia or
      tetany was noted, nor was there any significant effect on 1-hr serum levels of
      inorganic phosphours and alkaline phosphatase. Four hours after injection, 9.5%
      of the dose of Tc-pyrophosphate was circulating in blood, 31.7% was excreted in
      urine, and the remaining 58.8% was taken up by bone and other tissues. The
      corresponding values with Tc-polyphosphate were 12.5% in blood, 29.0% in urine,
      and 58.5% in bone and other tissues. Among the soft tissues, the genitourinary
      system is most consistently visualized. It is concluded that both Tc-pyroposphate
      and Tc-polyphosphate are excellent skeletal-imaging agents and that Tc
      pyrophosphate appears slightly superior to Tc-polyphosphate.

PMID- 162950
TI  - Radiocolloid scans in evaluating splenic response to external radiation.
AB  - By use of 99mTc-sulfur colloid, splenic size as well as liver/spleen ratio of
      ratioactivity was determined after external radiation of the abdomen. In six
      patients receiving about 2,000 R whole-abdominal radiation, there was no atrophy
      of the spleen or abnormal distribution in the liver/spleen ratio of radioactivity
      (that is, the spleen was still functional). Serial studies in a 7-year-old boy
      with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission showed that 1,450 R splenic
      radiation did not result in any appreciable change in the length of the organ. In
      a woman with lymphosarcoma, a change in spleen size did not occur until a dose of
      1,800 R was delivered. Another patient had apparently normal uptake of
      radiocolloid 5 years after 3,600 R. Hence the normal spleen and the spleen
      affected by other diseases may be far more resistant to external radiation than
      the spleen diseased with chronic myelocytic leukemia. Spleen scans can be useful
      in documenting the response of the organ to radiation.

PMID- 162951
TI  - Distributions of several agents useful in imaging myocardial infarcts.
AB  - Myocardial cell death due to infarction is accompanied by an influx of calcium
      ion. The calcium ion seems to localize in crystalline structures that form within
      mitochondria and resemble hydroxyapatite. Based on this phenomenon 99mTc-stannous
      pyrophosphate has been successfully used to image myocardial infarcts within 24
      hr of infarction and 1 hr following tracer administration both in dogs and
      patient volunteers. In this report, canine distribution studies of 99m-Tc
      pyrophosphate are compared with similar studies with 99mTc-stannous
      polyphosphate, 99mTc-stannous 1, hydroxy-ethylidene-1, 1-disodium phosphonate
      diphosphonate), and 18F as sodium fluoride. Pyrophosphate polyphosphate, and
      diphosphonate are each potentially useful in myocardial infarct imaging but bone
      uptake of 18F occurs sufficiently early to prevent the use of this radionuclide
      in infarct scintigraphy.

PMID- 162952
TI  - Significance of renewal asymmetry in bone scans: experience in 795 cases.
AB  - A retrospective study of 795 consecutive bone scans employing either 18F or 99mTc
      pyrophosphate to evaluate the diagnostic value of renal asymmetry in such scans
      has been carried out. It is concluded that asymmetric renal images in bone scans
      convey relatively specific information regarding renal pathology, especially in
      the 99mTc-pyrophosphate studies.

PMID- 162953
TI  - Studies in type I glycogenosis: the paradoxical effect of ethanol on lactate.
AB  - Paradoxically, ethanol, which raises lactate in normal individuals, lowers the
      elevated levels of lactate in patients with Type I glycogenosis. We found that,
      although lactate levels fell, pyruvate proportionately declined even more,
      resulting in an increased L/P ratio which indicates that, as in the normal, the
      oxidation of ethanol had generated NADH. In type I glycogenosis, the increased
      level of pyruvate-lactate derives from glycogenolysis. We found that, despite
      continued glycogenolysis, ethanol had caused less pyruvate-lactate to form. The
      effect of an increased NADH/NAD+ ratio on the flow of carbon through the Embden
      Meyerhof pathway could account for the finding, presumably by its effect on the
      oxidation-reduction couples with diversion of carbon toward formation of
      triglyceride rather than pyruvate-lactate.

PMID- 162955
TI  - Short stature as the only clinical sign of Cushing's syndrome.

PMID- 162954
TI  - Glycerol intolerance in a child with intermittent hypoglycemia.
AB  - A 3-yr-old boy was investigated for numerous episodes of fatigue, irritability,
      pallor, and sweating, which began at 11 mo of age, when he had an episode of
      symptomatic hypoglycemia with ketonuria. He had euphoria, mental confusion,
      drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting 1-5 hr after oral administration of glycerol in
      doses of 0.5-1.0gm/kg. Orally administered MCT (1 gm/kg) had similar effects. On
      one occasion, oral glycerol also provoked hypoglycemia, as had a 16 1/2 hr fast.
      Intravenously administered glycerol (0.09 gm/kg) induced an immediate loss of
      consciousness from which he recovered spontaneously after 30 min; there were no
      changes in blood glucose values. Intravenously administered fructose (0.25 gm/kg)
      was tolerated normally. Leukocytes showed normal activities for FDPase, glycerol
      kinase, and glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase. The restriction of dietary intake
      of fat has been associated with a marked improvement in physical and mental
      activities. These observations suggest a unique, yet undifined intolerance to
      glycerol, which suggest caution in the diagnostic use of glycerol in the
      investigation of hypoglycemia as well as in the therapy of increased intracranial
      or intraocular pressure.

PMID- 162956
TI  - Multiple cerebral abscesses complicating hepatopulmonary amebiasis.
AB  - A 3-year-old boy with hepatopulmonary amebiasis treated with chloroquine
      phosphate for 20 days subsequently was found to have three brain abscesses and
      responded to prolonged combined therapy with metronidazole and chloroquine
      phosphate. Cerebral amebiasis should be considered in any patient with amebic
      dysentery, hepatic abscess, or pulmonary involvement in whom signs or symptoms of
      central nervous system involvement appear. A prolonged course of appropriate
      therapy with periodic brain scanning for evidence of improvement is suggested.

PMID- 162957
TI  - Bilateral neonatal Wilms' tumor with B-C chromosomal translocation.

PMID- 162958
TI  - Pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. A review of results of treatment.

PMID- 162959
TI  - Insulinoma.

PMID- 162960
TI  - Ultrastructure of the uterine luminal epithelium at the time of implantation in
      ageing mice.

PMID- 162961
TI  - The inability of dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate to induce the decidual
      reaction in intact pseudopregnant mice.

PMID- 162962
TI  - Endocrinological findings in sterile pink-eyed mice.
AB  - Mice homozygous for  rho-25h, a mutation at the pink-eye locus, are small,
      nervous and male sterile, with abnormal sperm morphology: females have very low
      fecundity. Evidence is presented that in both sexes the pars nervosa of the rho
      25h/rho-25h pituitary contains degenerating nerve axons, that the hypothalamus
      has a reduced binding capacity for oestradiol-17 beta and that thyroid iodine
      binding is reduced. No changes were observed in the anterior pituitary. In rho
      25h/rho-25h females, the uterus is threas-like and unresponsive to oestradiol,
      and the ovaries are small with many abnormal follicles. Possible modes of action
      of the rho locus are duscussed with reference to this and pre-existing data on
      the rho phenotype.

PMID- 162963
TI  - A review of tumor antigens in gynecologic malignancies.
AB  - Evidence for the presence of tumor-associated gynecologic tumor antigens from our
      laboratory and others is presented. Tumor-associated antigens have been described
      for invasive carcinoma of the cervix and mucinous carcinoma of the ovary with
      cross-reacting antigens in malignant vulvar tissue. The provocative finding of a
      cross-reacting antigen in malignant cervical, vulvar and ovarian tissue raises
      the possibility of a common etiologic agent. The hope of the clinician is to
      utilize the tumor antigens in diagnosis and therapy. However, it is necessary to
      caution against overzealous acceptance so the carcinoembryonic antigen story is
      not repeated.

PMID- 162964
TI  - Minimal growth requirements for Clostridium perfringens and isolation of
      auxotrophic mutants.
AB  - The minimal growth requirements for two strains of Clostridium perfringens were
      defined, and both synthetic and semisynthetic plating media were developed. Plate
      counts of the wild-type strains on both of these minimal media were equivalent to
      those on complex media. A number of auxotrophic mutants of each strain were
      isolated, and their phenotypes were defined.

PMID- 162965
TI  - Recovery of murine leukemia virus from large volumes of freshly harvested culture
      fluids by using a single density gradient.
AB  - Concentration and purification of murine leukemia virus for use as complement
      fixation antigens was accomplished by using a single density gradient in the
      model RK ultracentrifuge.

PMID- 162966
TI  - Septic and crystalline joint disease. A simultaneous occurrence.
AB  - Bacteria and crystals were simultaneously recovered from the synovial fluid of
      two patients with acutely inflamed joints. The bacteria were initially identified
      on Gram stain and subsequently grown on supplemented peptone broth, and the
      crystals were readily identified by polarizing microscopy. Although cause-and
      effect relationship between these two types of arthritis cannot be established,
      the need for thorough examination of synovial fluid is evident.

PMID- 162967
TI  - Intracellular cAMP levels in normal rat mammary gland and adenocarcinoma. In vivo
      vs in vitro.

PMID- 162968
TI  - Electroconvulsive shock: sustained decrease in norepinephrine uptake affinity in
      a reserpine model of depression.

PMID- 162969
TI  - Spectral characteristics of human fetal adrenal microsomes.

PMID- 162970
TI  - Control of estrogen and androgen receptors in the rat pineal gland by
      catecholamine transmitter.

PMID- 162971
TI  - Effect of butaclamol and its enantiomers upon striatal homovanillic acid and
      adenyl cyclase of olfactory tubercle in rats.

PMID- 162972
TI  - Influence of the hormone analogue 13-NLE-molitin and of 1-methyl-3
      isobutylxanthine on tone and cyclic 3',5'-AMP content of antral and duodenal
      muscles in the rabbit.

PMID- 162973
TI  - Genital herpes--another VD on the rise.

PMID- 162974
TI  - Differentiation of two abnormalities in thyroid peroxidase causing organification
      defect and goitrous hypothyroidism.
AB  - Clinical and laboratory evaluations are reported on two patients with congenital
      goiter and hypothyroidism due to iodide organification defect. In one patient, a
      31-year-old white male with severe mental retardation, administration of
      perchlorate caused discharge of 69% of the radioiodine accumulated in the thyroid
      gland. Thyroid tissue had negligible peroxidase activity in the tyrosine
      iodinase, triliodide, and guaiacol assays. Preincubation of subcellular fractions
      with hematin restored activity. The restored enzyme was labile to high
      concentrations of H2O2 (5.6times 10-4 h2o2 produced inhibition in the triiodide
      assay). Heating of the enzyme for 5 min at 46 degrees C produced 50%
      inactivation, while higher temperatures were required to half-inactivate normal
      peroxidases. This case represents a second example of the "peroxidase apoenzyme
      prosthetic group defect" causing congenital goiter. The second patient, an
      example of the "deficient peroxidase defect," was a 10-yr-old girl with 35%
      discharge of thyroidal radioiodine by perchlorate. Peroxidase activity in the
      goiter tissue was quantitatively decreased (10%-20% of normal values) but
      kinetically normal with respect to apparent Km for H2O2. Hematin had little
      effect on the enzyme. Peroxidase activity had abnormal subcellular distribution,
      since pellets sedimenting between 39,000 and 105,000 g contained most of the
      activity. Normal thyroglobulin was observed in the thyroid gland of the patient.
      Two distinct defects of the peroxidase system can produce congenital goiter by
      limiting organification of iodide.

PMID- 162975
TI  - Autoradiographic techniques for localizing steroid hormones.

PMID- 162976
TI  - Receptor identification by density gradient centrifugation.

PMID- 162977
TI  - Analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen-receptor proteins by sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation.

PMID- 162979
TI  - Physical-chemical analysis of steroid hormone receptors.

PMID- 162978
TI  - Extraction artifacts in the preparation of estrogen receptor.

PMID- 162980
TI  - A filter technique for measurement of steroid-receptor binding.

PMID- 162982
TI  - Quantitation of estrogen receptor in mammary carcinoma.

PMID- 162981
TI  - Measurement of specific binding of a ligand in intact cells: dexamethasone
      binding by cultured hepatoma cells.

PMID- 162984
TI  - Estrogen interaction with target tissues; two-step transfer of receptor to the
      nucleus.

PMID- 162983
TI  - Methods for assessing hormone-receptor kinetics with cells in suspension:
      receptor-bound and nonspecifically bound hormone; cytoplasmic-nuclear
      translocation.

PMID- 162985
TI  - Techniques for monitoring the distribution of the estradiol-binding protein
      complex between cytoplasm and nucleus of intact cells.

PMID- 162986
TI  - (3H) estradiol exchange assay for the determination of nuclear receptor-estrogen
      complex.

PMID- 162987
TI  - A technique for differential extraction of nuclear receptors.

PMID- 162989
TI  - Evaluation of androgenic compounds by receptor binding and nuclear retention.

PMID- 162988
TI  - Steroid hormone-receptor interactions with nuclear constituents.

PMID- 162990
TI  - Methods for assessing steroid-receptor effect on RNA synthesis in isolated
      nuclei.

PMID- 162991
TI  - Purification of estrogen receptors. I.

PMID- 162992
TI  - Purification of estrogen receptors. II.

PMID- 162993
TI  - Methods for the purification of androgen receptors.

PMID- 162994
TI  - Synthesis and use of affinity labeling steroids for analysis of macromolecular
      steroid-binding sites.

PMID- 162996
TI  - A universal chromatographic system for the separation of steroid hormones and
      their metabolites.

PMID- 162995
TI  - Synthesis of affinity labels for steroid-receptor proteins.

PMID- 162997
TI  - Isolation of progesterone metabolites.

PMID- 162998
TI  - Use of receptor proteins for steroid-hormone assays.

PMID- 162999
TI  - Preparation and biological evaluation of active metabolites of vitamin D31.

PMID- 163000
TI  - Assay of cellular steroid receptors using steroid antibodies.

PMID- 163001
TI  - A tracer superfusion method to measure rates of entry, exit, metabolism, and
      synthesis of steroids in cells.

PMID- 163002
TI  - Characterization of steroid-binding glycoproteins: methodological comments.

PMID- 163003
TI  - Letter: Herpetic whitlow.

PMID- 163004
TI  - Primary Epstein-Barr-virus infections in acute neurologic diseases.
AB  - Infectious mononucleosis has been associated with Guillain--Barre syndrome,
      Bell's palsy, meningoencephalitis and transverse myelitis. Since it is not known
      that many children with infectious mononucleosis do not develop heterophil
      antibodies, we looked for evidence of current or recent Epstein-Barr virus
      infection in young patients with these neurologic diseases by using
      serodiagnostic procedures for detection and titration of antibodies to various
      antigens related to Epstein-Barr virus. Seven of 24 cases with Guillain-Barre
      syndrome and three of 16 with facial palsy were definitely associated with
      primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus as were two cases each of the other two
      neurologic diseases. Only one of these patients had obvious clinical infectious
      mononucleosis, and only a few demonstrated heterophil agglutinins. It is evident
      that the virus must be considered in the diagnosis of various acute neurologic
      diseases affecting children and young adults, even in the absence of heterophil
      antibody response or other signs of infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 163005
TI  - Editorial: Lithium inhibition of cAMP-mediated hormones: a caution.

PMID- 163006
TI  - Inhibition of adenyl cyclase by an exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis.

PMID- 163007
TI  - Deficiency of the Y base in a hepatoma phenylalanine tRNA.

PMID- 163008
TI  - Morphine antagonises action of prostaglandin in neuroblastoma and neuroblastoma
      times glioma hybrid cells.

PMID- 163009
TI  - Host range of murine xenotropic virus: replication in avian cells.

PMID- 163010
TI  - Decrease in 17beta-oestradiol receptor in brain of ageing rats.

PMID- 163011
TI  - A blocked structure at the 5' terminus of mRNA from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis
      virus.

PMID- 163012
TI  - Cytochalasin B, the blood platelet release reaction and cyclic GMP.

PMID- 163013
TI  - Concanavalin a cap formation on polymorphonuclear leukocytes of normal and beige
      (chediak-higashi) mice.

PMID- 163014
TI  - Active vitamin D-like substances in Solanum malacoxylon and other calcinogenic
      plants.

PMID- 163015
TI  - Long-term steroid therapy in patients with adrenogenital syndrome.
AB  - Fifteen years' experience with the adrenogenital syndrome at Duke University
      Medical Center is reviewed. Twenty-six patients were diagnosed before age 2. Of
      these, 20 had the salt-losing syndrome. The complications encountered and the
      results obtained in terms of growth, developemnt, and fertility are discussed.
      Delay in diagnosis and inappropriate gender assignment continue to be a problem.

PMID- 163017
TI  - Paget's disease of the vulva: a clinicopathologic study of eight cases.
AB  - Clinicopatholigic findings in 8 patients with Paget's disease of the vulva are
      presented with a discussion if its pathogenesis. In 7 cases the disease was
      intraepithelial, and in 1 it was accompanied by underlying adenocarcinoma. The
      treatment of choice is surgical. The importance of early diagnosis, adequate
      excision, and close followup is emphasized. In 2 cases, the disease was
      associated with carcinoma of the breast and in 1 case with carcinoma of the
      liver.

PMID- 163016
TI  - Adrenal virilism due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in the postmenarchial female.
AB  - Five new patients with postmenarchial onset of adrenal virilism related to 21
      hydroxylase deficiency are presented. Diagnostic criteria are reviewed. Four
      pregnancies resulting in 3 term infants occurred after instigation of therapy.
      Eleven patients similar in clinical presentation are reviewed for comparison.
      Findings of value in distinguishing these two groups of patients are discussed.

PMID- 163018
TI  - [Mucolipidosis type II (I-cell disease)].

PMID- 163019
TI  - [Present status of the problem of blood substitutes with antishock action].

PMID- 163021
TI  - ESR single crystal study of the mechanism of free radical formation in
      nitromethyl pyrimidines.

PMID- 163020
TI  - Electron spin resonance of gamma- and x-irradiated nucleic acid base pairs. 1
      Methylcytosine: 5-fluorouracil co-crystals at 77 degrees K.

PMID- 163022
TI  - Effects of metal ions on the formation of chain breaks and radicals in gamma
      irradiated collagen and polyadenylic acid.

PMID- 163023
TI  - Characterization of secondary radical reactions in irradiated ribonuclease.

PMID- 163024
TI  - Dynamic scintigraphy of primary and secondary malignant intracranial neoplasms.
AB  - Dynamic images and arteriograms were reviewed in patients with proved primary and
      secondary malignant intracranial neoplasms. In 44% of the patients with
      glioblastomas and 23% of those with metastatic lesions, radioactivity appeared
      early in the dynamic imaging sequence. This was related to the presence of
      arteriovenous shunting on arteriography rather than to a tumor stain. Neither
      characteristic dynamic imaging patterns nor rapid arteriovenous shunting was seen
      in patients with astrocytomas.

PMID- 163025
TI  - Experience with 111-In-chloride scanning in patients with focal defects on 99-mTc
      sulfur colloid liver scans.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with focal defects on the technetium liver scan were
      rescanned using 111-In chloride. Of 20 patients with hepatic malignancy, 11 had
      positive indium scans. None of the 19 with focal cirrhotic fibrosis had a
      positive indium scan although 5 of these had primary tumor. Thus, a positive
      indium scan suggests that the defect is malignant. A negative indium scan is less
      helpful, failling to distinguish between neoplasm and focal cirrhosis. Positive
      uptake in an extrahepatic primary neoplasm and negative uptake in the liver
      suggest that the hepatic lesion is not neoplastic.

PMID- 163026
TI  - Irradiated lung cancer. An autopsy analysis of spread pattern.
AB  - The spread pattern was studied in 48 autopsied cases of irradiated, apparently
      localized lung cancer. Disease was found in the upper abdomen in 52%, in the
      brain in 8.7%; in the bones in 20.8%; and confined to the thoracic cavity in 27%.
      Radical irradiation controlled 38% locally. The pattern of metastasis in these
      irradiated lung tumors did not seem to differ from that of unirradiated lung
      cancers reported elsewhere.

PMID- 163027
TI  - Carcinoma associated with irradiation of the immature breast.
AB  - In two women who had undergone radiation therapy at ages one and eleven years,
      respectively, carcinoma in a hypoplastic breast developed. Each patient was
      treated by radical mastectomy. One patient is presently being followed without
      evidence of metastases; the other died of sarcoidosis following thoracotomy. A
      history of irradiation, hypoplasia and microscopic findings compatible with
      radiation changes suggests that these two cases of carcinoma may be radiation
      induced.

PMID- 163028
TI  - [Histochemical studies of basal cell epithelioma treated with 5-fluorouracil
      ointment].

PMID- 163029
TI  - Treatment of recurrent carcinoma of male breast. A case report.

PMID- 163030
TI  - A novel method for measurement of the specific radioactivity of gamma-32P ATP.

PMID- 163031
TI  - Purification of rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by gel
      filtration chromatography.

PMID- 163033
TI  - A simple analog integrator. Application to first derivative EPR spectra.

PMID- 163032
TI  - A simple, sensitive, and specific assay for free choline in plasma.

PMID- 163034
TI  - [Calcinosis in the young pig. II. Pathogenesis].

PMID- 163035
TI  - The inheritance of mild Type II hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - The distribution of plasma total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol
      concentration was investigated in 158 first degree relatives (105 progeny, 53
      siblings) of 55 index patients with mild type II hyperlipoproteinaemia. No
      evidence of bimodality was found. Our findings support the view that mild type II
      hyperlipoproteinaemia is inherited in a polygenic manner.

PMID- 163036
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate analogs promote a circular morphology of cultured
      Schwannoma cells.
AB  - Dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (dibutyrl cycle AMP) and 8-bromo cyclic
      AMP stimulated cells cultured from a rat Schwannoma to change their morphology
      from irregularly shaped to flattened circular and hollow circular forms within 30
      minutes. The change in shape was specifically effected by analogs of cyclic AMP
      and cyclic AMP elevating agents, was reversible after removal of these additives,
      and was prevented by vinblastine and cytochalasin b, but was not affected by
      actinomycin D or cycloheximide.

PMID- 163037
TI  - Reduced incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors in C3H/He mice after treatment
      with polyadenylate-polyuridylate.
AB  - The effect of treatment with the double-stranded polynucleotide complex
      polydenylate with polyuridylate [poly(A) with poly(U)] on tumor development in
      C3H/He mice was evaluated. Poly(A) with poly(U) was injected in newborn females,
      and mice were observed for 380 days. During this experimental period 42 percent
      of treated mice developed tumors, while the incidence in the control group was 63
      percent. This difference was statistically significant.

PMID- 163038
TI  - Collagenase production by lymphokine-activated macrophages.
AB  - Macrophages incubated with products (lymphokines) secreted by stimulated spleen
      cells produced collagenase. Active lymphokines were obtained both from mitogen-
      and antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. These observations suggest that the
      degradation of collagen in chronic inflammatory lesions may be caused by
      macrophage collagenase.

PMID- 163039
TI  - Endogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate in tissues of rabbits fed an
      atherogenic diet.
AB  - Rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet experienced a significant increase in plasma
      adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), which was simultaneous with the
      increase in plasma cholesterol. The content of cyclic AMP in atherosclerotic
      lesion areas of rabbit aortic intima-media was significantly higher (0.24
      picomole per microgram of DNA) than that in adjacent nonlesion areas or in aortic
      intima-dedia from control animals (0.09 picomole per microgram of DNA). The
      cyclic AMP content of heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and diaphragm showed no
      significant elevation in animals fed cholesterol.

PMID- 163040
TI  - [Local recurrence of malignant testicular tumors].

PMID- 163041
TI  - [Mithramycin in advanced malignant testicular tumors].

PMID- 163042
TI  - Characterization of a nuclear receptor for testosterone in rat bone marrow.
AB  - In vitro testosterone binding was studied in a nuclear extract (0.15 M KC1) from
      rat bone marrow using the charcoal assay. The nuclear extract contains binding
      sites saturable at low concentration of testosterone (1 times 10-8M). From a
      Scatchard plot of the data obtained it is concluded that a single class of
      receptor sites is involved in the binding of testosterone. Studies indicated that
      the testosterone-nuclear complex has a dissociation constant (Kd) of 5.9 times 10
      9 M binding 9 times 10-14 moles/mg nuclear protein. 5alpha- and 5beta
      dihydrotestosterone compete poorly with testosterone for binding sites in the
      nuclear component while estradiol -17beta does not compete at all. The protein
      nature of the receptor was demonstrated and an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.9 was
      determined for the complex by the use of isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 163043
TI  - A manganese catalyzed covalent binding of estradiol - 17 beta to cytosol proteins
      of rabbit uterus.
AB  - Studies of the temperature sensitivity of estradiol receptor binding in rabbit
      uterine cytosol have revealed the existence of an enzyme which catalyzes the
      covalent binding of estradiol to cytosol proteins. A fraction, prepared by
      chromatography on Biogel P-200 and incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of
      Mn++, exhibited a time-dependent, temperature-sensitive, oxidative binding of
      estradiol not seen in the crude cytosol preparation. Although the activity of
      this enzyme was shown to be independent of estradiol binding by the high affinity
      estrogen receptor, its presence may complicate studies of estrogen receptor
      action which involve the use of elevated temperatures.

PMID- 163044
TI  - Reassembly of TMV 20-S protein disks with 3-S RNA fragments.

PMID- 163045
TI  - Cell killing by viruses. II. Cell killing by vesicular stomatitis virus: a
      requirement for virion-derived transcription.

PMID- 163046
TI  - Two different mechanisms of the inhibition of the multiplication of enveloped
      viruses by glucosamine.

PMID- 163047
TI  - Inhibition of Respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza 3 and measles viruses by 2
      deoxy-D-glucose.

PMID- 163048
TI  - In vitro synthesis of DNA in nuclei isolated from herpes simplex virus-infected
      cells, untreated and treated with metabolic inhibitors.

PMID- 163049
TI  - Fractionation of cucumber mosaic virus RNA and its translation in a wheat embryo
      cell-free system.

PMID- 163050
TI  - A transcriptional map of the SV40 genome in transformed cell lines.

PMID- 163051
TI  - Virus-specific DNA sequences in mouse and rat cells transformed by the Harvey and
      Moloney murine sarcoma viruses detected by in situ hybridization.

PMID- 163052
TI  - Strain specificity of changes in adenylate cyclase activity in cells transformed
      by avian sarcoma viruses.

PMID- 163053
TI  - [Coexistence of Menetrier's disease with early form of mucinogenic carcinoma].

PMID- 163054
TI  - [Gas gangrene as a complication of traumatic wounds].

PMID- 163055
TI  - [Symptomatic sexual frigidity in women].

PMID- 163056
TI  - Chemical action of influenza virus on the red blood cell membrane. II. Action on
      membrane lipids and amino acids.
AB  - Haemagglutination by influenza virus strains PR8 and Lee as well as treatment of
      red blood cells by periodate produced numerous and manifold changes in the lipids
      and the amino acid composition of the erythrocytes. The changes induced by the
      influenza strains differed from each other and from those induced by periodate.
      Alterations in the membrane lipids observed after haemagglutination by heat
      treated strain PR8 and by its native form were identical.

PMID- 163057
TI  - The effect of supraoptimal temperature on the multiplication of different
      cytomegalovirus strains.
AB  - The virion synthesis by five human cytomegalovirus (CMV) strains in human
      embryonic fibroblast cultures was stopped by incubation of the infected cultures
      at 40 degrees C. At this temperature the antigens appeared diffusely filling the
      nucleus and the cytoplasm. The blocking effect of the elevated temperature was
      exerted in the same period of the reproduction cycle as the inhibitory effect of
      cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). In cell cultures infected with CMV and incubated
      first at 40 degrees C, then at 37 degrees C, the synthesis of infectious virus
      started again, thus the abortive cycle developed at 40 degrees C was reversible.
      The inhibition of virus multiplication cannot be attributed to the
      thermosensitive events in the normal function of the host cell.

PMID- 163058
TI  - Chemical action of influenza virus on the red blood cell membrane. I. Action on
      membrane neuraminic acids.
AB  - The chemical action of influenza virus strains PR8 and Lee and of periodate on
      the neuraminic acid containing lipids of human red blood cells has been
      investigated by thin layer chromatography. The results showed that
      haemagglutination by the two strains as well as periodate treatment induced
      manifold and profound chemical alterations in the neuraminic acid-containing
      lipids. The changes produced by strains PR8 and Lee differed from each other and
      from those caused by periodate. Alterations in the neuraminic acid-containing
      lipids induced by heated strain PR8 were identical with those obtained after
      haemagglutination by the native virus, indicating that virus neuraminidase is not
      inactivated by heat. Thus, differences in the haemagglutinating ability between
      native and heated virus are not due to enzyme inactivation.

PMID- 163059
TI  - X-ray diffraction from micrograms of quartz on filters using a rotating anode.
AB  - X-ray diffraction data from samples of 20, 60 and 100 mug quartz on poly-vinyl
      chloride membrane filters have been collected using a rotating anode x-ray
      source. These data suggest that 17 mug of quartz or possibly less could be
      measured directly on 35 mm diameter filters without any type of pretreatment.

PMID- 163060
TI  - Identification of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria in the clinical
      laboratory.
AB  - A simplified, concise scheme was developed for the identification of
      nonfermentative, gram-negative bacteria which have most frequently been reported
      in the literature as definite or possible agents of human disease. These
      organisms included apyocyanogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P.
      putida, P. stutzeri, P. maltophilia, P. putrefaciens, P. cepacia, P. alcaligenes,
      FLAVOBACTERIUM SPECIES, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Acinetobacter anitratum
      (Herellea vaginicola), A. Iwoffi (Mima polymorpha), Moraxella species,
      Alcaligenes odorans and Alcaligenes species. The tests used for identification
      included production of cytochrome oxidase, amylase, deoxyribonuclease,
      gelatinase, urease and Beta-galactosidase; motility; oxidation of one per cent
      glucose and ten per cent lactose; fluorescence; indole, hydrogen sulfide and
      nitrogen gas production; denitrification of nitrites; growth at 42C; penicillin
      sensitivity and production of an aromatic odor and greenish discoloration on
      blood agar. Using this scheme, 85 per cent of 243 isolates (unknowns and
      reference strains) were identified to genus and species. Of the 15 per cent
      remaining, 11 per cent were identified as alkaline organisms and four per cent
      were unidentifiable.

PMID- 163061
TI  - Hyperkinetic children: the use of stimulant drugs evaluated.
AB  - Use of stimulant drugs in the treatment of hyperkinetic children is reviewed
      briefly. While drugs appear to be effective in "normalizing" behavior, too little
      attention has been paid to potential side effects. There is need for a broader
      program of clinical evaluation, assessing drug effects not only on behavior, but
      on appetite and the cardiovascular system, and taking into account the
      sociological impact of drug use by children.

PMID- 163062
TI  - Electron microscope studies of experimental Entamoeba histolytica infection in
      the guinea pig. I. Penetration of the intestinal epithelium by trophozoites.
AB  - Germ-free guinea pigs were inoculated intracecally with Entamoeba histolytica and
      the enteric flora derived from a human patient with acute amebic colitis.
      Aanimals were killed at post-inoculation intervals of 7 to 12 days. The mode of
      penetration of cecal epithelium by the ameba was examined by light and electron
      microscopy. The following sequence was reconstructed from numerous individual
      observations. When the amebae were in moderately close proximity to the brush,
      border, the microvilli became shortened, irregular, and sometimes disappeared.
      Dense material was observed between the amebae and microvilli. When the ameba was
      very close to the epithelium the apical portion of epithelial cytoplasm projected
      into the lumen contacting the organism, thus becoming detached from adjoining
      cells. This produced spaces between epithelial cells through which amebae invaded
      interepithelial spaces. Initially the ameba penetrated the interglandular
      epithelium. Later, it penetrated equally the glandular and interglandular
      epithelium barrier. There were marked alterations of cytoplasmic components of
      epithelial cells. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes migrated into the epithelium
      filling these spaces; these often showed a variety of degenerative processes.
      Amebae, utilizing their pseudopodia, moved further through the intercellular
      spaces and reached the lamina propria.

PMID- 163063
TI  - Chemotherapy of experimental Echinococcus granulosus infection. Trials in CF1
      mice and jirds (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - Mice and jirds with experimental secondary hydatidosis (Echinococus granulous)
      were treated at various post-infection periods with eight different drugs;
      iodinized oil of thymol, ethyl-N-dimethyl ether of thymol fumarate,
      chloroguanide, rifampin, pentamidine isethionate, amphotericin B, suramin, and
      methotrexate. In initial experiments with methotrexate, mice treated after 99
      days of infection had significantly fewer infections at necropsy than did
      controls (33% and 100%, respecitively). However, in subsequent studies at three
      dose levels of methotrexate in mice 10 days after infection and in mice and jirds
      240 days post infection, no significant differences were found in the percentage
      of animals infected, cyst size, or number between treated and control animals.
      The other drugs tested were similarly without effect under the experimental
      conditions used.

PMID- 163064
TI  - Swine buffy coat culture: an aid to the laboratory diagnosis of hog cholera.
AB  - A 2-step technique for the isolation of hog cholera (HC) virus consisting of an
      initial culture on buffy coat (BC) cultures and subinoculation to a pig kidney
      cell line (PK-15) was described. By this technique, HC virus was confirmed in
      specimens from 65 herds in which the conventional cell culture isolation
      technique failed. The herds were located in 20 states and Puerto Rico. Specimens
      from 29 of the 65 herds were inoculated into specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs.
      Hog cholera virus was recovered from 27 of the test pigs. The 2 pigs from which
      virus was not recovered had signs of acute infection and, on necropsy, had gross
      lesions of HC infection.

PMID- 163065
TI  - The Tecumseh study of respiratory illness. VIII. Acute infection in chronic
      respiratory disease and comparison groups.
AB  - Individuals with chronic lung disease and their families were selected from the
      Tecumsch community along with similarly selected families as comparison groups
      and studied for 1-year periods. Occurence of acute respiratory illness was
      ascertained weekly by telephone and calculated as an annual rate. Persons with
      chronic bronchitis not only experienced more acute lower respiratory illness than
      healthy comparison subjects, but total illness rates were somewhat higher as
      well. Infection rates were determined from blood samples taken 3 times from each
      participant during the surveillance year. Antibody tests were performed for
      respiratory syncytial virus, para-influenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, influenza
      types A and B, coronavirus OC43, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Haemophilus
      influenzae. Differences in serologic infection rates among the subgroups of the
      population were similar to those seen in the clinical data, with more frequent
      infection among those with bronchitis than among the comparison subjects. This
      finding indicates that some degree of increased susceptibility to actual
      infection existed among those individuals with bronchitis. Influence of smoking
      on illness and infection rates was also examined. Infections were, in general,
      more frequent in smokers than in nonsmokers, but illness rates were reversed,
      suggesting that perception of disease differed in the 2 groups. Rates of illness
      and infection of other adults in the families of the index individuals with
      bronchitis were not influenced by the higher rates seen in the index individuals;
      however, it was of interest that children of persons with bronchitis did have
      somewhat higher rates of infection than children of comparison subjects.

PMID- 163066
TI  - Roentgenographically atypical Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
AB  - Two patients with renal transplants were admitted for evaluation of fever. During
      the course of hospitalization both had hectic fever and arthralgia. Pulmonary
      symptoms were absent or minimal. In one patient the admitting chest roentgenogram
      was entirely normal and in the other only a small focal abnormality was apparent.
      Hypoxemia occurred even in the presence of normal or nearly normal chest
      roentgenograms. The diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii infection was made by
      bronchoscopic brush biopsy in both patients. Therapy with pentamidine isethionate
      was successful. It is suggested that in patients with renal transplants and in
      others with similar immonosuppression, even with a normal chest roentgenogram,
      Pneumocystis carinii infection be considered as the cause of a fever of unknown
      origin. This should be evaluated initially with blood gas studies; if these are
      abnormal, further studies, including biopsy, are justified.

PMID- 163067
TI  - The effects of proteolytic enzymes on the tensile strength of human lung.
AB  - Human lung tissues were exposed to proteolytic enzymes to determine the effects
      on tensile strength and to clarify the relationship between tensile strength and
      the amounts of collagen and elastin in the tissue. Elastase and papain depleted
      the tissue of elastin but failed to alter tensile strength. Trypsin had no effect
      on tensile strength, or on collagen and elastin content. collagenase lowered
      tensile strength and reduced the amount of collagen in the tissue. The findings
      with collagenase were in agreement with measurements in control tissues that
      showed a direct relationship between tensile strength and collagen content. These
      results confirm collagen as the principal determinant of the tensile strength of
      human lung.

PMID- 163068
TI  - Synthesis of factor VIII antigen by cultured human endothelial cells.
AB  - Endothelial cells have been isolated from freshly obtained human umbilical cords
      by collagenase digestion of the interior of the umbilical vein and grown in
      tissue culture. These cells have been identified by morphologic and immunologic
      criteria. It has been demonstrated that these cultured human endothelial cells
      synthesize and release factor VIII antigen but not factor VIII clot-promoting
      activity.

PMID- 163069
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of regenerating spines of the sea urchin
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. II. Cell types with spherules.
AB  - The fine structure of spherulecytes, cell types with large, intracellular
      membrane-bound vacuoles termed spherules, was investigated in regenerating tips
      of spines of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Two categories of cell
      types were observed: red spherulecytes and colorless spherulecytes. Red
      spherulecytes were represented by a single cell type, the eleocyte, while
      colorless spherulecytes consisted of three morphologically distinct cell types
      termed morula cells, granulocytes, and vacuolecytes. Eleocytes and morula cells
      were distributed in both the epidermis and dermis, while granulocytes and
      vacuolecytes were present only in the dermis. After processing for light and
      electron microscopy, the spherules of eleocytes typically appeared empty, having
      lost their content of the red pigment, echinochrome. In contrast, the spherules
      of morula cell, granulocytes, and vacuolecytes enclosed a variety of granular and
      other material. The cell types reported in this paper resembled, to various
      degrees, spherulecytes in the coelomic fluid of echinoids described by other
      investigators.

PMID- 163070
TI  - Radionuclide angiography in juvenile angiofibroma of the nasopharynx.
AB  - Radionuclide angiography was performed by intravenous injection of 99mTc
      pertechnetate and recorded by serial gamma camera scintiphotographs. Its
      usefulness as a prebiopsy or preoperative procedure is demonstrated by two case
      reports of angiofibroma of the nasopharynx and it was also found to be useful for
      radiation therapy follow-up assessment. Radionuclide angiography offers a
      convenient and safe method to assess the vascularity of a mass and by this
      technique the surgeon may be alerted to the possibility of severe postbiopsy
      hemorrhage and also the occasional dramatic complications of radiological carotid
      angiography can be avoided.

PMID- 163071
TI  - Glomus tumors in the head and neck: III. Analysis of clinical manifestations.
AB  - Seventy-five patients with glomus tumors in the head and neck had a 37% incidence
      of cranial nerve paralysis and a 14.6% incidence of intracranial extension.
      Jugular foramen syndrome is associated with 50% and hypoglossal nerve involvement
      with 75% posterior fossa tumor invasion. Horner's syndrome is associated with 50%
      middle cranial fossa tumor invasion. The incidence of central nervous system
      (CNS) involvement with cranial NERVE PARALYSIS (NOT INCLUDING VII nerve) is 52%.
      Otologic findings and VII nerve paralysis did not correlate with tumor
      resectability, CNS extension, and prognosis.

PMID- 163072
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Inclusion bodies in a case of the classic sporadic
      form.
AB  - Postmortem light and electron microscopic studies of a 52 year old black male who
      died 17 months after the onset of upper and lower motor neuron signs showed: (1)
      degeneration of cortico-spinal tracts, (2) loss of spinal neurons and gliosis and
      (3) cellular inclusions with neurotubules, neurofilaments and granular material.
      Although these cellular inclusions resemble Lafora bodies, they differ in that,
      to the authors' knowledge, the latter were not reported to have microtubules.
      Review of the literature revealed no previous report of these inclusions in cases
      of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Tissue cultures of cord, hindbrain and cerebrum
      did not show cytopathic effect during a three-week observation period.

PMID- 163073
TI  - Cellular structure and function in normal and neoplastic lymphoid cells.
AB  - In general, the ultrastructure of normal lymphocytes and plasma cells reflects
      their functional state. Similarly, in pathologic conditions, ultrastructural
      abnormalities may reflect specific functional derangements of the cells. The
      identification of some structural abnormalities may be clinically useful, even
      though their origin and biochemical composition is still obscure.

PMID- 163074
TI  - Sleep disturbance in schizophrenia. A revisit.
AB  - Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep mechanisms may play a role in the pathophysiology
      of schizophrenia, but results have been inconclusive and studies of sleep in
      schizophrena have been deficient in identifying, comparing, and differentiating
      between subcategories of schizophrenia. Twenty-nine hospitalized, drug-free
      schizophrenics were divided into three subgroupsacute, latent, and
      schizoaffective. The REM intensity measures and REM latency were found to
      differentiate significantly the schizoaffective group. Sleep-continuity indexes
      separated the latent and acute groups. Seven patients who later required
      treatment with tricyclic an tidepressants had base line REM latencies
      significantly lower and hospitalizations significantly more prolonged than the
      patients who did not require antidepressants. Sleep measurements may thus
      identify diagnostic subgroups of schizophrenia as well as predict which
      schizophrenic depressive syndrome or a concurrent affective syndrome.

PMID- 163075
TI  - Congenital herpetic keratitis.
AB  - An infant, the first-born of twins, delivered by cesarean seciton without prior
      rupture of the membranes, was noted to have an advanced epithellal and stromal
      keratitis at berth. Herpes simplex, type 1, was cultured form the cornea and from
      skin vesicles which developed subsequently. The advanced nature of the lesion
      indicates that it was acquired in utero. This appears to be the first reported
      case of congential herpetic keratitis.

PMID- 163076
TI  - Centronuclear myopathy: histochemistry and electron microscopy. Report of two
      cases.
AB  - In two new cases of centronuclear myopathy, histochemical findings included
      failure to differentiate fiber type with oxidative enzymes, the presence of core
      glycogenosis, and core acid phosphatase activity. Fluorescence microscopy
      demonstrated autofluorescent  lipochrome in fiber centers and nonspecific fiber
      injury in some immunofluorescent preparations. Electron microscopical findings
      included the observation of unusually small myofibrils arrayed between central
      nuclei.

PMID- 163077
TI  - A novel method for the determination of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate
      (cyclic GMP).

PMID- 163078
TI  - A spin label study of purple membranes from Halobacterium halobium.

PMID- 163079
TI  - Enhancement of polyribosome formation by gibberellic acid and 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate in barley embryos.

PMID- 163081
TI  - Quantitative infrared spectroscopy of CO complexes of cytochrome c oxidase,
      hemoglobin and myoglobin: evidence for one CO per heme.

PMID- 163080
TI  - Binding of insulin and other hormones to non-receptor materials: saturability,
      specificity and apparent "negative cooperativity".

PMID- 163082
TI  - Purification of rabbit skeletal muscle protein kinase regulatory subunit using
      cyclic adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate affinity chromatography.

PMID- 163083
TI  - Control and role of cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate.

PMID- 163084
TI  - Structural proteins of swine vesicular disease virus.

PMID- 163086
TI  - Micromethod for the preparation of a microsomal fraction from rat and human liver
      by differential sedimentation.

PMID- 163085
TI  - Effect of bathophenanthroline and carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone on
      cytochrome c reductase activity of resolved succinate cytochrome c reductase
      complex.

PMID- 163087
TI  - Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP content and binding in malignancy.

PMID- 163088
TI  - Phosphoprotein phosphatase of bovine epididymal spermatozoa.

PMID- 163089
TI  - Inhibition of urea synthesis by 4-pentenoic acid.

PMID- 163090
TI  - Cell septation and the synthesis of catabolite repressible enzymes in Escherichia
      coli.

PMID- 163091
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3',5'monophosphate role in the physiology and pharmacology of
      the central nervous system.

PMID- 163092
TI  - Interactions of steroids with serum lipoproteins.

PMID- 163093
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity in experimental animal
      tumours which are either sensitive or resistant to bifunctional alkylating
      agents.

PMID- 163094
TI  - Inhibition of cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase-a possible mechanism of
      action of bifunctional alkylating agents.

PMID- 163096
TI  - Oligonucleotide sequences of pancreatic and T1 ribonuclease digests of 5S
      ribosomal RNA from mouse cells.
AB  - Oligonucleotides produced by complete pancreatic and T1 RNase digestion of 5S
      ribosomal RNA from a mouse hepatoma, MH 134, have been separated with two
      dimensional electrophoresis and their nucleotide sequences determined. Except for
      the presence of a 5'-terminal diphosphate, these nucleotide sequences were
      identical with those of KB cells, confirming the identity of the primary
      structure of 5S RNA between these animals. Both oligonucleotide patterns produced
      with these enzymes from 5S RNA of the liver were also identical with those of the
      hepatoma. All these agree with the strong conservation of 5S RNA genes in animal
      species. However, when 5S ribosomal RNA was extracted from ribosomes which were
      prepared from microsomal pellet, pancreatic RNase digest contained two
      trinucleotides (A-G-Cp and G-A-Cp) that were not found in 5S RNA prepared with a
      one-step procedure. It was concluded that different isolation procedure might
      indeed cause artifactual fragments on enzymatic digestion due to internal nicks
      produced during isolation. The significance of 5'-terminal diphosphate in
      relation to the biosynthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA is also discussed.

PMID- 163095
TI  - Functional differences in protein synthesis between rat liver tRNA and tRNA from
      Novikoff hepatoma.
AB  - Synthesis of ovalbumin in fragmented oviduct magnum explants of immature,
      estrogen-stimulated chicks has been studied in the presence of exogenous tRNA.
      tRAN from Novikoff hepatoma specifically inhibited ovalbumin synthesis,
      determined by precipitation with antisera. In addition, the major protein(s)
      synthesized in the presence of hepatoma tRNA had higher electrophoretic mobility
      than ovalbumin, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. tRNAs from rat liver, rooster liver, and hen oviduct did not
      affect ovalbumin synthesis, although oviduct tRNA is stimulatory during the
      earlier stages of estrogen stimulation.

PMID- 163097
TI  - Inhibition by cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP of transport of organic acids
      in kidney cortex.
AB  - 1. Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and N-6-2'-O-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate decrease the initial entry rate and the steady-state uptake
      of p-aminohippurate and uric acid by rabbit kidney cortex slices. 2. N-6-2'-O
      Dibutyryl adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate inhibits the tubular transport of p
      aminohippurate competitively. 3. Isoproterenol, known to increase cyclic
      nucleotide concentration of the cortical tubules by activation of adenyl cyclase,
      decreases p-aminohippurate transport. Antidiuretic hormone which is known to
      stimulate only medullary adenyl cyclase has no effect on p-amino-hippurate uptake
      by cortical slices. 4. Theophylline, which inhibits cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase and, therefore, enhances the cellular accumulation of
      endogenous cyclic nucleotide, depresses p-aminohippurate transport.

PMID- 163098
TI  - Effect of polymyxin B on liposomal membranes derived from Escherichia coli
      lipids.
AB  - The specificity of the action of polymyxin B was studied using liposomes as a
      model membrane system. Liposomes prepared from total lipids of Gram-negative
      bacteria Escherichia coli, a mixture of purified E. coli phosphatidylethanolamine
      and cardiolipin and a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidylglycerol, were extemely sensitive to polymyxin while those prepared
      from lipids of Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus sanguis, lipids of sheep
      erythrocyte membranes, mixtures of egg lecithin and negatively charged
      amphiphatic molecules, were less sensitive to the action of the antibiotic.
      Cholesterol was shown to suppress the polymyxin-induced response in liposomes.

PMID- 163099
TI  - Magnetic resonance studies on the mitochondrial divalent cation carrier.
AB  - Measurements of water proton spin relaxation enhancements (epsilon) can be used
      to discriminate high-affinity binding of Mn-2+ or Gd-3+ to biological membranes,
      from low-affinity binding. In rat liver mitochondria, epsilon b values of approx.
      11 are observed upon binding of Mn-2+ to the inner membrane, while internal or
      low-affinity binding remains invisible to this technique. Energy-driven Mn-2+
      uptake by liver mitochondria results in the subsequent decay of epsilon.
      Comparison of epsilon with the initial velocity of Mn-2+ uptake in rat liver
      mitochondria reveals a linear correlation, which holds at all temperatures
      between 0 degrees C and 40 degrees C, regardless of the mitochondrial protein
      concentration. Consequently, enhancement appears to reflect the binding of Mn-2+
      to the divalent cation pump. Binding of Mn-2+ to blowfly flight muscle also
      results in substantial epsilon, which is associated with the glycerol-1-phosphate
      dehydrogenase instead of divalent cation transport. Consequently, no decay in
      epsilon due to uptake occurs after Mn-2+ is bound. Lanthanide ions are also bound
      and transported by mitochondria. Addition of Gd-3+ to pigeon heart or rat liver
      mitochondria results in epsilon b approximately equal to 5-6, which decays with
      similar kinetics in both systems. The uptake velocity of Gd-3+ in rat liver
      mitochondria is about 1/6 the rate with which Mn-2+ is transported. Lanthanides
      also diminish epsilon due to the addition of Mn-2+, and greatly retard the Mn-2+
      uptake kinetics. The presence of carbonylcyanide-p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone depresses epsilon upon addition of Mn-2+ or Gd-3+
      and also uncouples energy-driven uptake. On the other hand, prolonged anaerobic
      incubation in the presence of antimycin and rotenone exhausts the mitochondria of
      their energy stores, blocks the uptake of Mn-2+, but does not affect epsilon
      significantly. Evidently, the uncoupler-induced disappearance of divalent cation
      binding sites is not the result of "de-energization". Measurements of epsilon at
      several NMR frequencies indicate a correlation time (tau b) for carrier-bound Mn
      2+ in rat liver mitochondria between 20 ns and 4 ns as one varies the temperature
      between 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The 13 Kcal/mole activation energy for tau
      b suggests that the 11 ns time constant at room temperature represents the
      movement of the Mn-11-carrier comples. On the other hand, tau b is probably
      approx. 100 times too short to represent the rotational motion of a carrier
      protein. Apparently, Mn-2+ binds to a small arm of the carrier which moves
      independent

PMID- 163100
TI  - Androgen receptors: relationship to growth response and to intracellular androgen
      transport in nine variant lines of the Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma.
AB  - Aspects of the biological significance of androgen receptors have been studied in
      nine variant lines of the Shionogi carcinoma, two of which are androgen dependent
      and seven of which are autonomous. The dependent lines, and two of the seven
      autonomous lines, contain androgen receptors; this finding demonstrates that the
      presence of receptors is not an accurate marker of hormonal dependence in vivo.
      Since the ability to transport androgens into the nucleus, as judged from the
      relative maximal rates of transport, is virtually restricted to dependent and
      autonomous lines which possess cytoplasmic receptors, it is clear that such
      receptors may play a role in regulating the intranuclear concentration of
      androgens. The absence of cytoplasmic receptors and the comparative lack of
      perceptible transfer of androgens across the nuclear membrane are features
      peculiar to the autonomous condition.

PMID- 163101
TI  - Altered hormone control of cyclic AMP formation in isolated parenchymal liver
      cells from rats treated with 2-acetylaminofluorene.
AB  - The hormone control of cyclic AMP-formation in isolated parenchymal liver cells
      from rats fed the carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (0.025% for 4-8 weeks) was
      studied. The cells from the carcinogen-treated animals responded much more
      strongly to adrenergic agents than cells from control animals, while no
      significant difference was found for the glucagon effect. Of the adrenergic
      substances studied, the order of potency was isoprenalin larger than or equal to
      adrenalin larger than phhenylephrine; stimulation was blocked by propranolol, but
      not by phentolamine. The effects of supramaximal concentrations of isoprenalin
      and glucagon were not additive.

PMID- 163103
TI  - [3H] norepinephrine binding by rat glial cells in culture. Lack of correlation
      between binding and adenylate cyclase activation.
AB  - Subcellular fractions prepared from rat glial cells in culture (clonal line c6)
      were used in an attempt to characterize the adrenergic receptor involved in
      adenylate cyclase activation. Both [3H] norepinephrine binding and enzyme
      activation were measured under identical experimental conditions. Binding sites
      for norepinephrine could be detected; their main characteristics were: apparant
      Km: 4 - 10-6 M, macimal capacity: 20 pmol/mg protein. Their stereospecificity
      towards structually related drugs was found to be different from the
      stereospecificity of the receptor involved in adenylate cyclase activation. Thus,
      3-methoxydopamine (a competitive inhibitor of norepinephrine for adenylate
      cyclase activation), phenylephrine (a partial adrennergic agonist) and the
      blocking agent propranolol were unable to compete with [3H] norepinephrine for
      binding. On the other hand, several molecules like dopa bearing a catechol group
      and which are unable to interact with the adenylate cyclase as agonists or
      competitive inhibitors strongly inhibited [3H] norepinephrine binding. As in
      several other systems so far studied, the presence on the glial cell's membrane
      of a large number of "catechol-binding sites" makes it difficult to characterize
      the beta-adrenergic receptor.

PMID- 163102
TI  - Stimulation of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and corticosterone formation
      in isolated rat adrenal cells by cholera enterotoxin. Comparison with the effects
      of ACTH.
AB  - 1. The production of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and
      corticosterone isolated ratadrenal cells was increased by cholera enterotoxin.
      Both responses were accompanied by a lag period which is characteristic of other
      known actions of enterotoxin. The duration of the lag period in the production of
      corticosterone depended on the concentration of enterotoxin; with the maximally
      stimulating amounts it was 30-45 min. 2. Maximum rates of cyclic AMP and
      corticosterone synthesis, after the lag period, were constant for at least 1 h.
      Although the maximum rate of corticosterone formation was the same as that
      obtained adrenocorticotropic hormone, the maximum rate of cyclic AMP formation
      was only 8-10% of that with adrenocorticotropic hormone. 3. Pretreatment of the
      cells with enterotoxin ahd no effect on their subsequent steroidogenic response
      to maximally stimulating amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone. 4. Cycloheximide
      inhibited the effect of both enterotoxin and adrenocorticotropic hormone on
      corticosterone production. 5. Enterotoxin stimulation of both cyclic AMP and
      corticosterone formation was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ in the medium
      although the Ca2+ requirement was not same as that for adrenocorticotropic
      hormone. Thus, EGTA at concentrations which completely abolished the effect of
      adrenocorticotropic hormone caused only a partial reduction in the effects of
      enterotoxin. 6. Exogenously added choleragenoid and gangliosides abolished the
      effects of enterotoxin without having any significant effect on the response of
      the cells to adrenocorticotropic hormone. 7. After treatment with neuraminidase,
      the adrenal cells showed an increased response to enterotoxin in terms of both
      cyclic AMP and corticosterone formation which was due to a combination of two
      effects: (a) increased rate of synthesis of both compounds and (b) shortening of
      the characteristic lag period. This is in sharp contrast to the results obtained
      with adrenocorticotropic hormone where neuraminidase-treatment made the cells
      less sensitive to adrenocorticotropic hormone.

PMID- 163104
TI  - Transformation of the rat uterine estrogen receptor after partial purification.
AB  - Warming crude ratuterine cytosol after the addition of [3H] estradiol accelerates
      the association of the 4-S estrogen-binding protein with a second macromolecule,
      resulting in the formation of the 5-S estrogen-binding protein. To determine
      whether the 5-S estrogen-binding protein consists of two similar or dissimilar
      subunits, uterine cytosol was subjected to a number of fractionation procedures
      that separate macromolecules by solubility, molecular gel sieving, sedimentation
      rate, ionic charge, and heat lability. Following each of these methods, the
      fraction containing the 4-S estrogen-binding protein was incubated at 28 degrees
      C; each of the these 4-S estrogen-binding protein-containing fractions retained
      its capacity to completely transform to the 5-S estrogen-binding protein. In
      samples subjected to partial purification procedures, it was necessary that the
      buffer contain 40 mM Tris, 60 mM Tris, 60 mM KC1, 1-10 MM dithiothreitol, and 1 M
      urea at pH 7.4, in order to accomplish the 4-S to 5-S estrogen-binding protein
      transformation at 25 degrees C. Formation of the 5-S estrogen-binding protein
      requires association of the 4-Estrogen-binding protein with a molecule identical
      to or very similar to itself.

PMID- 163105
TI  - Stimulation of cartilage amino acid uptake by growth hormone-dependent factors in
      serum. Mediation by adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate.
AB  - The effects of growth hormone-dependent serum factors on amino acid transport and
      on cartilage cyclic AMP levels in embryonic chicken cartilage were studied in
      vitro. Cartilages incubated in medium containing rat serum showed a significantly
      greater uptake of alpha-amino [1-14C] isobutyrate or [1-14C] cycloleucine than
      control cartilages incubated in medium alone. Normal rat serum (5%) added to the
      incubation medium also caused an increase in cartilage cyclic AMP content (from
      as little as 23% to as much as 109%). The factors in serum which increase
      cartilage cyclic AMP and amino acid uptake are growth hormone dependent, since
      neither growth hormone itself nor serum from hypophysectomized rats restores
      these serum factors. Studies comparing the ability of sera with varying amounts
      of growth hormone-dependent factors to stimulate amino-aminoisobutyrate transport
      and to increase cartilage cyclic AMP show a striking linear correlation between
      the two effects (r=0.977). Theophylline and prostaglandin E1, WHICH RAISE
      CARTILAGE CYCLIC AMP also increase amino-aminoisobutyrate transport. Exogenous
      cyclic AMP, N6-monobutyryl cyclic AMP and n6, 02'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP increase
      cartilage amino-aminoisobutyrate transport. The data are compatible with the
      thesis that growth hormone-dependent serum factors increase cartilage amino acid
      transport by elevating cartilage cyclic AMP.

PMID- 163106
TI  - [Temperature dependence of the epr spectra of a spin-labeled myosin and its
      complex with adp].
AB  - The effect of temperature on ESR spectra of spin-labelled myosin and myosin-ADP
      complex was studied. It was shown that mobility of the sptrongly immobilized spin
      label almost did not change with temperature (-2 degrees C-37 degrees C) whereas
      mobility of the slightly immobilized spin label changed in a complicated manner
      and not monotonously. The observed changes in mobility of the slightly
      immobilized spin label and characteristics of the ESP spectrum of the myosin-ADP
      complex suggest that temperature causes continuous changes of the structure in
      the local environment of the binding sites of the spin label, and on the average,
      one conformation of myosin and myosin-ADP complex molecules exists at any
      temperature.

PMID- 163107
TI  - [The potential nuclease activity of the T antigen of SV-40 virus].
AB  - SV40 T-antigens were isolated from an extract of golden hamster tumours by
      precipitation with ammonium sulphate with subsequent fractionation on DEAE
      cellulose. The degree of purification of the preparation proved to be about 100
      fold; it, however, contained an admixture of several cell proteins. Treatment of
      the DNA of the calf thymus with the T-antigen preparation in the presence of
      magnesium ions decreased the viscosity of the DNA solution during the first hour
      of incubation. T-antigen inactivated by heating, and also a fraction of normal
      hamster tissues analogous to it produced no such effect. In case of
      centrifugation in the saccharose gradient the constant of DNA sedimentation fell
      after the treatment with T-antigen from 285 to 165, this corresponding to about4-
      5-fold reduction of molecular weight of the DNA. The data obtained indicated that
      the partially purified T-antigen preparation possessed endonuclease activity.

PMID- 163108
TI  - Long survival after operation for cancer of the lung.
AB  - A survey is presented of 293 cases of lung cancer operated on by one surgeon over
      a period of 35 years. Lobectomy was done in 86 cases with a mortality of 3.5 per
      cent. Simple pneumonectomy was done in 89 cases with a mortality of 20 per cent,
      and radical pneumonectomy in 118 cases with a mortality of 15-25 per cent. The
      survival rate after 5 or more years for lobectomy was 41 per cent (34 patients).
      After simple pneumonectomy 21 patients (30 per cent) lived 5 years or more, and
      after radical pneumonectomy 39 patients (39 per cent) lived 5 years or more. The
      survival of the patients in whom the excised lymph nodes were involved by growth
      is presented. It is pointed out that at least 1 in 3 patients with cancer of the
      lung treated by operation was alive 5 years later. The very good long term
      results are presented including the 10-year and 20-year survival rate. Two
      patients are still alive after 30 and 34 years respectively. One patient is alive
      29 years after a lobectomy and 13 years after a contralateral lobectomy for a new
      primary cancer. A second new cancer occurred in 9 patients. Continuance of
      smoking is shown to be harmful. The factors affecting the long term freedom from
      recurrence are discussed. The cell type of the cancer is shown to be important.
      Squamous-celled growths have the best results and oat-celled and small-celled the
      worst, although long term survival can follow operation for both these. The
      occurrence of a pleural infection after operation may be favourable to long term
      freedom from recurrence and this way probably so in 2 patients who lived 25 and
      27 years respectively and 1 patient who is still alive after 34 years. On the
      whole the evidence is unconvincing that much benefit may follow radiotherapy
      combined with operation.

PMID- 163109
TI  - Letter: Dextrocardia associated with Poland's syndrome.

PMID- 163110
TI  - Antiviral drugs for the neonate--the risk-benefit ledger.

PMID- 163111
TI  - Oestrogen receptors in breast cancer: a changing concept.
AB  - Oestrogen receptors were found in 156 (73%) out of 214 primary breast cancers and
      in 98 (58%) out of 168 metastatic deposits. These proportions reached 82% and 70%
      respectively in the second half of the study.  Receptors were not found in
      samples of normal breast tissue but small amounts were present in tissue from
      some hyperplastic lesions and in male gynaecomastia.  Receptor concentrations in
      the malignant samples were evenly distributed over a wide range of values,
      suggesting that even "negative" tumours might contain trace amounts undetectable
      by the method used.  Each tumour was characterized by a given level of receptor
      concentration.  In most cases the amounts found in the invaded axillary nodes and
      their corresponding primary tumours were the same.  We suggest that quantitative
      rather than qualitative assessment should provide an appropriate criterion for
      studies of biochemical and clinical correlations.

PMID- 163112
TI  - Herpes simplex virus and Guillain-Barre polyradiculitis.

PMID- 163113
TI  - Editorial: Treatment for cataplexy.

PMID- 163114
TI  - Role of respiratory viruses in childhood mortality.
AB  - Respiratory viruses have been identified at necropsy in the lungs of 13 out of 24
      children who died with observed acute respiratory illness. The histological
      appearances of the lungs supported the association between virus and death in
      each of these 13 children and suggested an unidentified virus aetiology in a
      further five cases. Histological appearances compatible with bacterial infection
      were found in the lungs of only two of the 24 children. Similar virus and
      histological findings have been reported in about one-third of victims of the
      sudden infant death syndrome (cot deaths), indicating a rapid unobserved
      respiratory virus infection as the most likely mode of death in this group.
      Evidence that respiratory viruses may be involved in a larger proportion of
      sudden unexpected deaths, perhaps as antigens in a hypersensitivity reaction, is
      discussed. Respiratory viruses seem the major identifiable agents contributing to
      the maintenance of the postneonatal mortality rate since acute respiratory
      illness and the sudden infant death syndrome together account for about two
      thirds of deaths at this age.

PMID- 163115
TI  - Letter: Treatment of genital herpes.

PMID- 163117
TI  - Quantitative aspects of the shift-effect in cat retinal ganglion cells.
AB  - A sudden displacement of a pattern, even when far away from the classical border
      of a concentrically organized receptive field, elicits a transient excitatory
      response in on- and off-center retinal ganglion cells (shift-effect). Peak
      response and latency of the shift-effect have been studied under various stimulus
      conditions in on- and off-center ganglion cells. Increasing the retinal distance
      between the site of stimulation and receptive field yields responses of
      increasing latency corresponding to an intraretinal conduction velocity of about
      0.35 m/sec. Beyond a distance of 20 degrees response amplitudes decrease steadily
      in on- and off-center neurons. Shift amplitude and contrast of the shifting
      grating have almost no influence above a threshold of 30 min of arc and 10-20%
      modulation respectively (all-or-none behavior). Shifts of decreasing velocity
      (600-10 degrees/sec) increase the latency. The response magnitude decreases only
      at very slow movements. Other properties of the shift-effect are briefly
      reported. Possible functional significances in relation to eye movements and
      brightness perception and the retinal pathway of the shift-effect are discussed.

PMID- 163116
TI  - Cerebellar responses to teleceptive stimuli in alert monkeys.
AB  - Discharges of single Purkinje cells in the intermediate and lateral zones of the
      cerebellar cortex and of neurons in the interpositus and dentate nuclei were
      recorded in alert monkeys during the presentation of intense auditory and visual
      stimuli. Concomitant monitoring of the electromyogram (EMG) demonstrated that
      these stimuli evoked characteristic startle responses in most instances. Firing
      patterns of cerebellar nuclear cells to auditory stimuli could be categorized
      into four types, the most common of which consisted of a short-latency
      acceleration of discharge, followed by a decrease in activity, and in most cells
      by a later period of facilitation. Simple spike discharge patterns of Purkinje
      cells consisted largely of prolonged increases or decreases in firing rate,
      although more complex patterns were seen. In almost 50% of the Purkinje cells
      tested, complex spikes were evoked by the auditory stimuli. Comparison of simple
      spike responses of Purkinje cells and of the discharges of cerebellar nuclear
      cells to auditory and visual inputs revealed that, except for a longer latency,
      the discharge pattern evoked by flash stimuli was identical to that evoked by
      sound in all instances. By contrast, in about one-third of the Purkinje cells
      with related complex spike discharge, complex spikes were evoked by stimuli of
      only a single modality. Comparison of the times of changes in nuclear and
      Purkinje cell activity suggests that the initial change in nuclear cell discharge
      was due to an increase in mossy fiber activity, while the subsequent decrease
      resulted from Purkinje cell inhibition evoked by mossy and climbing fiber inputs.
      The absence of increases in nuclear cell discharge at the time of most decreases
      in Purkinje activity indicates that removal of Purkinje inhibition does not have
      a major effect on the discharge rates of individual nuclear cells. The data also
      suggest that excitation of nuclear cells via climbing fiber collaterals played
      only a minor role in influencing their discharge. Since most EMG changes occurred
      after or at about the same time as the initial changes in cerebellar discharge,
      it is unlikely that the initial changes in cerebellar activity were a result of
      feedback from contracting muscles. It is proposed that the similar discharge
      patterns of cerebellar neurons to auditory and visual input results from a
      convergence of these inputs on a structure which projects to the cerebellum as
      mossy fibers.

PMID- 163118
TI  - Inhibition by diazepam of the tremor and the increase of cerebellar cGMD content
      elicited by harmaline.

PMID- 163119
TI  - Development of the synaptic glycine receptor in chick embryo spinal cord.

PMID- 163120
TI  - Simultaneous presence of histamine-N-methyltransferase and catechol-O
      methyltransferase in neuronal and glial cells in culture.

PMID- 163121
TI  - Generation of spike trains in CNS neurons.
AB  - The membrane potential waveforms to be expected from many asynchronous inputs to
      CNS neurons are described, along with modes for repetitive firing through which
      the input waveforms are converted into spike trains. Area beneath a postsynaptic
      potential (PSP), rather than PSP peak height, is shown to be an important
      parameter susceptible to modification. Occasional crossings of threshold produce
      occasional spikes, but a sustained depolarizing waveform which attempts to hold
      the membrane potential above threshold elicits rhythmic firing. Firing rate is
      graded with the amount by which the synaptic depolarizing currents exceed the
      minimum current for rhythmic firing (approximately rheobase). A systematic
      sequence of alterations in the membrane potential trajectory between spikes,
      quite different from those of receptors and invertebrate neurons, may control the
      firing rate and give rise to sudden changes in the "gain" of this conversion of
      depolarizing current into firing rate. The different implications of synaptic
      location during the occasional spike mode and the rhythmic firing mode are
      discussed, as is the role of the antidromic invasion of the soma-dendritic region
      during rhythmic firing. Less frequently an"extra spike mode" is seen where
      depolarizing afterpotentials following a spike themselves cross threshold to
      elicit an extra spike, which may similarly elicit another extra spike, etc., in a
      regenerative cycle. The character of the underlying depolarizing afterpotentials
      (or "delayed depolarizations") is reviewed, along with theories for their origin
      from the antidromic invasion of the dendritic tree. The stereotyped burst firing
      patterns characteristic of the extra spike mode can also be seen in deafferented
      neurons and neurons studied in chronic syndromes such as epilepsy and central
      pain. This raises the question as to whether some disease states may augment
      extra spike firing, thus multiplying many-fold the response to a normal input.

PMID- 163123
TI  - An x-ray diffraction study of central and peripheral myelination in Jimpy and
      Quaking mice.

PMID- 163122
TI  - Modulation of cortical and pyramidal tract induced motor responses by electrical
      stimulation of the basal ganglia.
AB  - Two general mechanisms based on anatomical studies are possible for modulation of
      motor activity by the caudate nucleus and globus pallidus. These mechanisms are:
      (1) modulation of the output of cortical neurons that exert motor influences; and
      (2) modulation of subcortical neurons that exert motor influences.
      Differentiation between these two mechanisms was accomplished in the present
      study by two experimental approaches, both of which employed the conditioning
      test paradigm. The first approach was an investigation of caudate nucleus or
      globus pallidus modulation (conditioning stimulus) of flexor responses of the
      anterior tibialis muscle elicited by electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor
      cortex (test stimulus) or pyramidal tract (test stimulus). These investigations
      were carried out in the intact and in decorticate cats. The second approach was
      an analysis of modulation or cortically induced pyramidal tract responses (direct
      and indirect, D-I potentials) by conditioning shock trains delivered to various
      loci within the caudate nucleus or globus pallidus. Both approaches were designed
      to determine whixh inhibitory and facilitatory motor influences of the basal
      ganglia occurred at a cortical or subcortical level. Simultaneous stimulation of
      a locus within the caudate nucleus and the sensorimotor cortex evoked either an
      enhancement, reduction or no alteration of the cortically induced increase in
      flexor responses (measured  by Ia afferent activity, EMG, myogram). In contrast,
      no inhibitory influences occurred from caudate nucleus stimulation upon pyramidal
      tract induced flexor responses in either the intact or decorticate preparation.
      Inhibitory loci were distributed toward the rostral portion of the caudate
      nucleus, whereas facilitatory loci were distributed throughout; this distribution
      was statistically significant (chi2; P less than 0.01). Only enhancement or no
      influence upon cortical induced or pyramidal tract induced responses were
      obtained by conditioning stimuli to the globus pallidus. In the unanesthetized
      but immobilized cat, trains of shocks delivered to the caudate nucleus enhanced,
      reduced or had no influence upon the cortically evoked direct (D) and indirect
      (I) potentials recorded in the bulbar pyramidal tract. The distribution of
      facilitatory and inhibitory loci was organized in a similar fashion as in
      theanesthetized preparation. From these observations, a model was proposed in
      which the output of the caudate nucleus exerts both facilitatory or inhibitory
      modulation of the tonically active globus pallidus cells. The latter in turn
      predominantly or exclusively facilitate output of pyramidal tract neurons as well
      as the output of subcortical structures; both effects facilitate motor responses
      at the spinal level.

PMID- 163124
TI  - Persistent function of mossy fibre synapses after metal chelation with DEDTC
      (Antabuse).

PMID- 163125
TI  - The use of frozen cells in the microtitre serum neutralization test for
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.
AB  - Some parameters of the microtitre serum neutralization test were examined when
      using bovine fetal kidney cells derived from stocks stored in liquid nitrogen. In
      replicate tests with one serum there was no significant difference (p greater
      than 0.05) between titres calculated on the basis of cytopathic effect when
      either two or four wells were used per serum dilution. Also, there was no
      significant difference between titres calculated on the basis of a cell staining
      method when either two or four wells were used per serum dilution. When titres
      obtained by the 2-well-cytopathic effect method were compared with those obtained
      by the 2-well-stain method differences were not significantly different and it
      was concluded that the latter method using frozen cells constituted a practical
      and reproducible test. No significant titre variation occurred in cells serially
      passaged after having been frozen, or in cells derived from five different
      fetuses. Titres of sera from 41 cattle conformed to a log normal distribution
      pattern.

PMID- 163126
TI  - Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis I. Experimental production.
AB  - One or both eyes of 20 calves were inoculated one or more time with variou(s
      combinations of microorganism (live oor killed Moraxella bovis, infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis virus, bovine adenovirus, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus and
      Mycoplasma bovoculi) by conjunctival instillation or direct inoculation of the
      conjunctivea or cornea. The eyes of all the calves received natural or artificial
      ultraviolet irradiation. Neither the adenovirus nor parainfluenza-3 virus became
      established in the eye or produced keratoconjunctivitis. Both M. bovis and
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus became established in the bovine eye and
      produced disease. Subconjunctival or intracorneal inoculation of M. bovis caused
      a severe disease, simulating natural infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Only
      the intracorneal inoculation of mycoplasma produced severe keratoconjunctivits.
      Eyes that on initial exposure to M. bovis became severly inflamed were more
      resistant to a second or third exposure to M. bovis, presumably by enhanced local
      defence mechanisms.

PMID- 163127
TI  - Further observations on the characteristics of a bovine parainfluenza-3 variant.
AB  - Calves were inoculated with a bovine para-influenza-3 variant to determine its
      pathogenicity and the stability of its cytopathic feature and its inability to
      agglutinate chicken erythrocytes. The inoculated calves and one contact animal
      developed an immune response without significant clinical illness. The clinical
      response in calves was similar to that induced by the parent virus strain. The
      variant was shown to retain its characteristic cytopathic effect for Madin Darby
      bovine kidney cells and its property of hemagglutination following one passage in
      the natural host.

PMID- 163128
TI  - Utilization of triaryl phosphates by a mixed bacterial population.
AB  - A mixed bacterial population that has been isolated by enrichment culture is
      capable of growth on Fyrquel 220, a commercial triaryl phosphate lubricant, as
      sole carbon source. The mixture was dominated by a yellow, Gram-negative rod
      which made up greater than 60% of the mixture. However, all attempts to grow this
      organism in pure culture on triaryl phosphate were unsuccessful. The mixed
      population was also capable of growth on tri-o-cresyl phosphate, trixylenyl
      phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate as sole carbon sources. Viable cell numbers
      increased 20- to 30-fold, reaching a maximum after 72-96 h growth. Only a small
      portion of the triaryl phosphate was used for growth; the major part was
      emulsified and remained in the culture medium. No evidence of extracellular
      enzymes capable of triaryl phosphate degradation could be found in concentrates
      of the culture supernatant after growth, though traces of what may have been
      triaryl phosphate breakdown products were observed. Cell-free extracts of the
      mixed culture catalyzed the release of inorganic phosphate when incubated with
      Fyrquel 220, tri-o-cresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, or triphenyl
      phosphate, indicating the presence of a phosphotriesterase or of a
      phosphodiesterase of wide specificity.

PMID- 163129
TI  - Composition of the capsular polysaccharides of Clostridium perfringens as a basis
      for their classification by chemotypes.
AB  - An analytical procedure, using gas-liquid chromatography, was developed for the
      identification of the per(trimethylsilyl) ethers of the constituent
      monosaccharides obtained from the capsular polysaccharides of Clostridium
      perfringens Hobbs 5, Hobbs 9, Hobbs 10, and NCTC 10578. Qualitative and
      quantitative differences between the major polysaccharide components enabled the
      differentiation of the four strains of C. perfringens investigated.

PMID- 163130
TI  - Conversion of spheroplast symbiotes in a leafhopper, Helochara communis Fitch
      (Cicadellidae: Homoptera).
AB  - In mycetomes of leafhoppers, Helochara communis, ultrastructural and
      histochemical studies revealed that spheroplast symbiotes (t-symbiotes) were
      converted to 'a-symbiotes' (so-called), with apparent loss of DNA--a phenomenon
      reminiscent of rhizobium-bacteroid conversion in certain legume nodules.
      Additional t-symbiotes were incorporated into the substance of these 'a
      symbiotes'.

PMID- 163131
TI  - Progeny resulting from complementation between mutants of vesicular stomatitis
      virus.
AB  - The complementation properties of the virus progeny released from cells mixedly
      infected with mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus belonging to four different
      complementation groups have been examined. The group IV mutant, tsW16B, was
      tested in combinations with three group I mutants (tsW4, tsW28, and tsG11), one
      group II mutant (tsG22), and one group III mutant (tsW29). Virus stocks were
      grown from isolated plaques appearing on the cell monolayers used to assay the
      mixed infection yields and tested, in a second series of mixed infections, for
      their ability to complement each of the two parents. It was found that the virus
      harvested from each one of the first series of mixed infections contained mutants
      of both parental types.

PMID- 163132
TI  - Cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma: its histogenesis studied by organ culture
      and electron microscopy.
AB  - A capillary hemangioblastoma from the vermis of a 21-year-old man with von Hippel
      Lindau's disease was successfully maintained in organ culture systems on
      Millipore filter platforms and gelatin sponge foam matrices up to 48 days. Three
      cell types--endothelial cells, pericytes, and stromal cells--identified by their
      fine structural features and their architectural relationships to vascular lumens
      and to the extracellular space were recognized in the original tumor. By light
      microscopy the explants showed, in the late stages, increased lipid droplets in
      the stromal cells and perivascular hyaline thickening. By electron microscopy,
      endothelial cells, pericytes, and stromal cells remained distinguishable as cell
      types. However, the stromal cells demonstrated, in addition to an increase of
      their normal complement of microfilaments and lipid droplets, features that were
      more characteristic of the two other cell types, i.e. micropinocytotic vesicles
      and the formation of zonula occludens junctions and hemidesmosomes. Basement
      membranes also became more apparent around the stromal cells. With increasing
      time in vitro, there was a striking increase in mature collagen fibers in the
      extracellular space. The roles of the different cell types in capillary
      hemangioblastoma and the histogenesis of the stromal cells are discussed in light
      of these observations. It is concluded that the capillary hemangioblastoma
      consists of multiple cell lines--endothelial cells, pericytes, stromal cells and,
      occasionally, hematopoietic cells--all of which are neoplastic and replicate in
      parallel with one another. Stromal cells may be regarded as an aberrant
      monopotential cell type which shares with the endothelial cell and pericyte a
      common mesenchymal, presumably angiogenic, ancestry, and may, on occasion,
      display morphological features, such as increased basement membrane formation and
      the formation of zonula occludens junctions, which recall its angiogenic lineage.
      However, interconvertibility between endothelial cells and stromal cells does not
      appear to occur in vivo or in vitro.

PMID- 163133
TI  - An assessment of the World Health Organization classification of the histologic
      typing of lung tumors applied to biopsy and resected material.
AB  - In a study of the World Health Organization classification of the histologic
      typing of lung tumors, sections from a total of 740 patients in the Medical
      Research Council Study of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy, 182 of whom also had positive
      preoperativebronchial biopsies and 231 involved lymph nodes in the resected
      specimens, and from 30 patients in the Medical Research Council Trial of Surgery
      and Radiotherapy in Small or Oat-celled Carcinoma of the Bronchus have been
      assessed. Of the 740 primary tumors from the Study of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy, 71%
      were placed in Type I, 12% in Type II, 9% in Type III, and 7% in Type IV. Only 2
      primary tumors could not be typed. A blind comparison of the type of primary
      tumor and bronchial biopsy showed that the biopsy was a good indicator of the
      type of the primary tumor. A bind comparison of the primary tumor and involved
      lymph node also showed a close degree of agreement. However, when the type of the
      primary tumor was assessed in the presence of the involved node. Tumors were
      placed in Type IV far less frequently than when assessed blind. It is concluded
      that the World Health Organization classification is applicable to primary tumor,
      bronchial biopsy, and involved node, that the biopsy is a valuable indicator of
      the type of the primary tumor, and that the apparent type of the involved node
      should not be allowed to over-influence the pathologist in deciding on the type
      of the primary tumor when both are assessed together.

PMID- 163134
TI  - The glycolytic enzyme activity of the human cervix uteri.
AB  - The activity of the following enzymes was studied in normal, precancerous, and
      malignant biopsies from the human cervix uteri: hexokinase (HK),
      phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate-kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH). In precancerous conditions, i.e.,
      dysplasia and carcinoma in situ without any signs of invasive carcinoma, only PK
      showed moderate but significant activity increases. A rise in enzyme activity in
      biopsies histologically classified as carcinoma in situ was found to signal the
      presence of invasive carcinoma in other parts of the cervix. In invasive
      carcinomas of the cervix, all the enzymes studied showed a two- to four-fold
      increase (p less than 0.01) as compared to the normal cervix. The present study
      failed to reveal significant differences between enzyme activities in biopsies
      from patients in Stage I, II, and III; no correlation could be established
      between enzyme activity and prognosis.

PMID- 163136
TI  - Salivary gland neoplasms following atomic radiation: additional cases and
      reanalysis of combined data in a fixed population, 1957-1970.
AB  - A reappraisal was made of the relationship between exposure to atomic radiation
      in 1945 and the occurrence of salivary gland tumors in heavily exposed survivors.
      This was made possible by the discovery of 8 additional patients; the total now
      reported consists of 30 cases. In those exposed to 300+ rads, the number of cases
      was significantly (p less than .01) greater than expected. This was found for the
      combined group and for malignant types, but not for histologically benign tumors.
      Our prior conclusion regarding the high-dose radiation effect upon salivary gland
      neoplasia remains unchanged in the reanalysis; however, our suggestion that
      younger persons were at significantly greater risk is weakened.

PMID- 163135
TI  - Cervical synovial sarcoma at the bifurcation of the carotid artery.
AB  - Cervical synovial sarcoma has been reported in only 15 cases; in none of these
      was there any association with a vascular structure. A patient with cervical
      synovial sarcoma encompassing the bifurcation of the left carotid artery
      underwent a left radical neck dissection, including excision of the left external
      carotid artery and the hypoglossal nerve. The tumor was dissected away from the
      common carotid and internal carotid arteries. Although the fibrous pseudocapsule
      of the tumor had not involved the fibrous adventitia of the carotid arteries.
      Radiation therapy with 6000 rads tumor dose was administered to a wide local
      field. There is no evidence of recurrence 1 year postoperatively. Histologic and
      ultrastructural findings were similar to those reported previously in a case of
      synovial sarcoma of an extremity.

PMID- 163137
TI  - On the mechanism of hormone action in 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced
      mammary tumor. I. Prolactin and progesterone effects on estrogen receptor in
      vitro.
AB  - The presence of ER in DMBA-tumors was demonstrated by the use of dextran-charcoal
      assay, sephadex chromatography, sucrose gradient sedimentation, and organ culture
      techniques. It was found that tumors have binding sites ranging from 10-13 to 10
      15 moles/mg protein, and a dissociation constant of ER 10-9 to 10-10 M. In
      experiments with tumor explants, prolactin-insulin significantly stimulated ER
      binding capacity, as compared with control without prolactin. This stimulation
      was tissue-specific and inhibited by progesterone. Insulin had a synergistic
      effect on prolactin stimulation of ER. Our results presents a plausible
      explanation for tumor responses to these hormones in vivo. This interaction of
      prolactin, estrogen, and progesterone may be a common phenomenon for all estrogen
      responsive tissues.

PMID- 163138
TI  - Thymus-dependent lymphocyte levels in bronchogenic carcinoma: correlations with
      histology, clinical stage, and clinical course after surgical treatment.
AB  - The in vitro spontaneous lymphocyte rosette (T cell) assay was used to determine
      cellular immunologic competence in 112 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.
      Among preoperative patients with localized tumors. T cell levels were
      significantly lower than in 237 normal controls. With advanced stages of disease,
      T cell levels declined progressively among patients with squamous cell carcinoma,
      oat cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma, but not among patients with
      adenocarcinoma. Squamous carcinoma patients considered cured had persisting low T
      cell levels, but cured adenocarcinoma patients had normal levels. Serial
      determinations that showed a fall in T cell levels preceded the development of
      clinically evident metastases by an average of 2.5 months. Postoperative patients
      with rising T cell levels have remained clinically free of disease. The data
      indicate that T cell levels correlate with extent of tumor and clinical course of
      patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. The assay may, therefore, provide a
      rational basis for the selection of patients who are at high risk for the
      development of recurrence after surgical resection and who may benefit from the
      early institution of adjunctive therapy.

PMID- 163139
TI  - "Residual" mammary carcinoma following simulated partial mastectomy.
AB  - Treatment of mammary carcinoma by partial mastectomy rather than by total
      mastectomy and axillary dissection may diminish the chances of long-term cure by
      risking incomplete removal of all local carcinoma at the initial operation. This
      study was undertaken to determine by pathologic examination how often carcinoma
      might remain in the breast and axilla after partial mastectomy. The operation was
      simulated in 203 mastectomy specimens after operations for unilateral invasive
      carcinoma. In so far as could be determined on gross examination, the entire
      primary lesion was included in the quadrant which was excised in the simulated
      procedure. Among 100 women with primary lesions less than 2 cm in diameter, 26%
      had carcinoma in the breast which remained after simulated partial mastectomy.
      Six percent of them also had axillary node metastases. An additional 30% only had
      axillary node metastases. When the primary lesion was more than 2 cm in diameter,
      38% of patients had carcinoma in the breast after simulated partial mastectomy,
      of whom 29% also had axillary metastases. After simulated partial mastectomy,
      carcinoma was found in 80% of breasts from patients with lesions in the
      subareolar area, in contrast with 25-35% of patients with a primary carcinoma in
      one of the four quadrants. None of the 9 patients with medullary and colloid
      carcinomas that measured under 2 cm had axillary metastases or carcinoma in the
      breast outside of the primary quadrant. The findings suggested that a familial
      history of breast carcinoma or a large primary lesion may be associated more
      often with multifocal disease, but factors such as age at diagnosis, axillary
      status, and the mammogram report did not have significant predictive value for
      distinguishing between patients who did or did not have carcinoma in breast
      tissue after the primary had been removed by a simulated partial mastectomy.

PMID- 163140
TI  - The genetics of childhood cancer.
AB  - Retinoblastoma should not be considered as the exceptional childhood cancer that
      shows dominant inheritance, but rather as the typical childhood cancer that
      embraces a prezygotic and postzygotic subgroup. Postzygotic cases are conceived
      as involving mutation as a first step too, but with the mutation in somatic
      rather than germinal cells. In both prezygotic and postzygotic cases a second
      event, possibly mutational, occurs before the cancer is initiated. The embryonal
      cancers are all visualized as genetic disease, and their frequencies limited by
      gene mutability. This mutability can be increased by environmental agents.
      Prezygotic cases may develop other primary tumors in other tissues. They may also
      have affected family members, the probability of affected offspring approaching
      50%. A diagnostic test to identify prezygotic cases among those with a single
      primary tumor and a negative family history is sorely needed.

PMID- 163141
TI  - The evaluation of abdominal masses in children with emphasis on noninvasive
      methods. A roentgenographic approach.
AB  - Intravenous urography with total body opacification, and tomography as required,
      often give the most information toward evaluating abdominal masses in children.
      Ultrasonography is a noninvasive procedure which defines normal structures and
      differentiates cystic and solid tumors. The combination of these studies gives
      sufficient information about renal tumors to plan for possible surgery.
      Arteriography is not necessary for the diagnosis of Wilms' tumor, nor its
      surgical or medical management. Pseudotumor of the kidney is due to focal
      cortical hyperplasia. It can be diagnosed by nephrotomography, renal
      arteriography or renal scanning. The latter method is most accurate and has the
      lowest morbidity. Aortography is advisable in the evaluation of a patient with
      pheochromocytoma in an attempt to locate multiple tumors. Determining the extent
      of abdominal neuroblastoma by angiography and lymphangiography does not appear to
      influence the mode of therapy, not the survival rate; therefore, invasive
      diagnostic procedures do not appear to be indicated in neuroblastoma. Angiography
      is necessary in the evaluation of liver cancer. If one lobe is determined to be
      free of disease, lobectomy is a possible cure. Splenic cysts and choledochal
      cysts can be diagnosed by noninvasive methods such as ultrasonography or
      radioisotope scanning. Arteriography and percutaneous opacification are not
      necessary to make these diagnoses.

PMID- 163142
TI  - Advances in the treatment of Wilms' tumor.
AB  - The addition of chemotherapy to older standard treatment with surgery and
      radiotherapy has increased survival to more than 80% in localized Wilms' tumor,
      and about 50% in metastatic disease. Actinomycin-D and vincristine have proved to
      be the two most active agents. Multiple-course maintenance treatment with
      actinomycin-D has allowed fewer relapses, but not a significantly different
      survival rate than a single course of this drug. Use of actinomycin-D and
      vincristine in combination has been under study; initial indications show that
      the combination is superior to either drug employed singly. The need for
      postoperative radiotherapy in totally resected tumors confined to the kidney is
      also under study. Adriamycin is at present the most encouraging new drug that has
      had clinical trial.

PMID- 163143
TI  - Radiation therapy of tumors of the central nervous system in childhood.
AB  - The results of radiation therapy for CNS tumors of childhood are presented and
      discussed according to histologic type. In this material the 5-year recurrence
      free survival rates were about 35% for medulloblastomas, 48% for the hypothalamic
      and brain stem tumors, 86% for lowgrade ependymomas, and 57% for germinomas.
      Complications or CNS injury from irradiation were rare and the quality of life in
      survivors was generally good. Current methods of radiation therapy may possibly
      improve these results. Tumors of the CNS in children do not necessarily carry a
      hopeless prognosis; aggressive therapy is indicated.

PMID- 163144
TI  - The effects of sodium metaperiodate on T and B lymphocytes.

PMID- 163145
TI  - Characterization of a serum inhibitor of MLC reactions. III. Specificity: HL-A
      related antibodies.

PMID- 163146
TI  - Induction of uridine kinase in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes: dependence on
      mitogen specificity and effect of pyrimidine analogs.

PMID- 163147
TI  - [Glioblastoma multiforme with extracranial metastases].

PMID- 163148
TI  - [Problem of the so-called pseudocysts of the cauda].

PMID- 163149
TI  - [Non-specific phosphomonesterases in the gingival tissue and saliva of women and
      men with periodontal diseases].

PMID- 163151
TI  - Dissociations between changes in myocardial cyclic adenosine monophosphate and
      contractility.
AB  - The relationship between changes in the myocardial concentration of adenosine
      3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and cardiac contractility was studied in
      guinea pig and rat myocardium. When isolated perfused guinea pig heart were
      perfused with 10-5-M papaverine, a potent inhibitor of cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase activity, myocardial cyclic AMP concentration increased
      significantly from 1.7 plus and minus 0.2 (SE) pmoles/mg protein (N equal 12) to
      3.3 plus and minus 0.2 pmoles/mg protein (N equal 12), and the percent of
      phosphorylase aual 6) (P less than 0.01). However, perfusion with papaverine had
      no effect on contractility in the absence or the presence of exogenous
      epinephrine. In perfused rat hearts, 10-5 M glucagon increased myocardial cyclic
      AMP concentration from 1.5 plus and minus 0.1 pmoles/mg protein (N equal 12) to
      2.6 plus and minus 0.1 pmoles/mg protein (N equal 12) (P less than 0.001). In
      contrast, cyclic AMP levels did not increase detectably in guinea pig heart
      perfused with glucagon. Glucagon increased adenylate cyclase activity more than
      twofold in rat myocardial broken cell preparations but failed to stimulate the
      enzyme in preparations from guinea pigs. Despite these differences, the positive
      inotropic effects of glucagon on rat and guinea pig hearts were very similar over
      a wide dose range. Thus, with both papaverine and glucagon, changes in cardiac
      contractility were dissociated from stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity,
      increases in myocardial cyclic AMP levels, and conversion of phosphorylase b to
      phosphorylase a in perfused hearts.

PMID- 163150
TI  - Mitochondria and cardiac hypertrophy.

PMID- 163152
TI  - Catecholamine-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate and renin in the dog
      kidney.
AB  - Lithium inhibits the catecholamine-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
      generation in the kidney but not the hemodynamic effects of beta-adrenergic
      stimulation. Therefore, the possible role of catecholamine-dependent cyclic AMP
      in the release of renin was investigated in lithium-treated dogs both in vivo and
      vitro. Lithium therapy had no measurable effect on the increase in plasma renin
      activity induced by an injection of isoproterenol (2.6 plus and minus 1.2 (SE)
      ng/hour in control dogs vs. 3.0 plus and minus 1.2 ng/hour in lithium-treated
      dogs, P greater than 0.05). However, lithium inhibited the isoproterenol-induced
      increase in urinary excretion of cyclic AMP in vivo (791 plus and minus 199
      pmoles/min in control dogs vs. 123 plus and minus 129 pmoles/min in lithium
      treated dogs, P less than 0.05) and the increase in cyclic AMP concentration in
      renal tissue in vitro (4.50 plus and minus 0.15 pmoles/ng wet tissue in control
      dogs vs. 0.34 plus and minus 0.26 pmoles/mg in lithium-treated dogs, P less than
      0.01). The finding that, in the lithium-treated dogs, isoproternol increased
      plasma renin activity but not cyclic AMP generation in the kidney suggests that
      the increase in plasma renin activity observed after an injection of
      isoproterenol is probably not mediated through the beta-adrenergic stimulus
      dependent cyclic AMP system in the kidney.

PMID- 163154
TI  - It's time to be practical.

PMID- 163153
TI  - Comparative uptake of rat and human serum low-density and high-density
      lipoproteins by rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture.
AB  - Rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture were exposed to rat and human serum
      (LDL) and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins labeled with 125-I. 125-I-lipid was
      taken up preferentially from all of the lipoproteins used. 125-I-protein uptake
      of both rat LDL and HDL was significantly higher than that of the corresponding
      human lipoproteins, and human LDL was preferred to human HDL. The uptake of
      delipidated high-density apolipoproteins of either rat or human origin was very
      low. About 3-4% of the interiorized rat LDL and HDL was catabolized during 48
      hours of incubation. On electron microscopic autoradiography of cells incubated
      with rat 125-I-LDL, the concentration of label, representing mainly 125-I
      protein, was associated with secondary lysosomes. These results suggest that, if
      the protein uptake represents particle uptake, the preferential uptake of human
      LDL compared with human HDL could account in part for the finding that LDL acts
      as a more potent feedback suppressor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase
      than does HDL.

PMID- 163155
TI  - Improved method for densitometry of electrophoretic lipoprotein fraction.
AB  - We evaluated a method for the densitometric quantitation of the electrophoretic
      lipoprotein fractions that sets the limit of integration at the beta-lipoprotein
      peak maximum. Results were compared with the more conventional method of placing
      the limit of integration in the valley between the beta- and pre-beta-lipoprotein
      peaks. The criterion of symmetrical beta-lipoprotein peaks imposed by the method
      was tested, and manual determination of the beta peak maximum was compared to
      automatic computer analysis. Computer-generated curves stimulating increasing
      overlap of constant shape beta and pre-beta peaks were analyzed by the two
      methods. The conventional method introduces an error that increases with
      increasing overlap, but with the present method results agreed with those for
      completely resolved peaks. The beta peak was best approximated by an isosceles
      triangle (at least for the electrophoresis technique used in these studies),
      indicating symmetry of the beta peak. Values for the area under the lipoprotein
      peaks obtained by manual and computer placement of the integration limits agreed
      well (gamma = .892 to .998; SE of estimate = .0264 to .0306). The "beta peak
      maximum" method of densitometric quantitation avoids the problems associated with
      partial resolution of the beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins. It is equally
      adaptable to either visual placement of the limits of integration or computer
      analysis.

PMID- 163156
TI  - Determination of diphenylhydantoin in human serum by spin immunoassay.
AB  - A spinn immunoassay for diphenylhydantoin is reported, which appears to give an
      accurate and precise estimate of serum diphenylhydantoin concentrations, as
      judged by the disappearance of [14C]diphenylhydantoin from the serum of a rabbit.
      The assay also appears to be a reliable technique for routine diphenylhydantoin
      determinations, as judged from our experience with 28 patients. Serum
      diphenylhydantoin concentrations in the range of 1.0-50.0 mg/liter are easily
      determined on a 50-mul sample. Except for primidone, no significant cross
      reactivity was observed with eight drugs that are commonly used in conjunction
      with diphenylhydantoin therapy. This fast, simple, and precise method therefore
      appears to be readily applicable to routine determination of diphenylhydantoin.

PMID- 163157
TI  - Serum and erythocyte argininosuccinate lyase assay by NADH fluorescence generated
      from formed fumarate.
AB  - Measurement of argininosuccinase (I; EC 4.3.2.1) activity is useful in following
      the course of disease in hepatitis and in screening for the genetic defect,
      argininosuccinic aciduria. Methodology is proposed for a novel procedure for the
      determination of I in serum and erythrocytes. In the procedure, fumarate,
      generated in the reaction, is assayed by conversion to malate with fumarase,
      determining the malate enzymatically with malate dehydrogenase, and estimating
      the NADH formed spectrofluorometrically. By this procedure, the enzyme activity
      in serum from normal individuals is less than 11 mumol/liter of erthrocytes/per
      hour. The correlation coefficient between results by this method and by the
      colorimetric method, which measures the arginine generated in the reaction, is
      +0.97 for serum and +0.98 for erythrocytes. The proposed procedure has a
      relatively low initial blank, requires less serum, and is completed faster.

PMID- 163158
TI  - Lipoprotein electrophoresis should be discontinued as a routine procedure.

PMID- 163159
TI  - Mechanized enzymatic determination of triglycerides in serum.
AB  - A procedure for enzymatic determination of serum triglycerides [Clin. Chem. 19,
      476 (1973)] has been adapted for use in continuous-flow analysis (Technicon
      AutoAnalyzer). A very simple manifold is used; serum is incubated at 37 degrees C
      with the lipase and alpha-chymotrypsin in potassium phosphate buffer (0.1
      mol/liter, pH 7, containing 1.50 g of bovine serum albumin per liter). The
      liberated glycerol is dialyzed against the complete glycerol reagent. The change
      in absorbance at 340 nm resulting from oxidation of NADH is proportional to the
      dialyzed glycerol. The same manifold can be used to determine preformed glycerol
      if the hydrolyzing enzymes are omitted. The hydrolysis is complete, as shown by
      the use of equivalent glycerol standards. No prior treatment of the samples is
      necessary. Assays are run at 60 per hour in the AutoAnalyzer l, 80 per hour in
      the AutoAnalyzer ll. Results with both instruments for 150 samples correlated
      well with those obtained by the same enzymatic manual method and by the
      AutoAnalyzer fluorometric procedure.

PMID- 163160
TI  - Letter: A stable lipoprotein electrophoresis control.

PMID- 163161
TI  - Rapid radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in ultrafiltered
      perchloric acid extracts: results of a clinical survey.
AB  - Perchloric acid treatment of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) results in
      subunits of approximate mol. wt 40 000 to 50 000 with different electrophoretic
      mobilities and amtogenic deficiences as demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis. 
      An improved radioimmunoassay is described for the quantitation of CEA using rapid
      ultrafiltration of serum or plasma extracts.  The assay was designed to take into
      account the changes CEA undergoes during perchloric acid extraction.  Absorption
      of antibodies against a crossreacting non-specific antigen from CEA antiserum did
      not improve the specificity of the radioimmunoassay as was shown by clinical use
      of the test in almost 1800 patients.

PMID- 163163
TI  - Amebic liver abscess in childhood.

PMID- 163162
TI  - Effects of twenty-four hours starvation and of heparin on the serum lipoproteins
      of rural Africans in Rhodesia.

PMID- 163164
TI  - Recent experience with hepatic amebiasis. Successful treatment with
      metronidazole.

PMID- 163165
TI  - Plasma adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate response to glucagon in thyroid
      disease.
AB  - 1. The plasma adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) response to
      intravenously administered glucagon has been studied in nine hyperthyroid, five
      hypothyroid and ten euthyroid patients. 2. Concentrations of the nucleotide rose
      to a peak at 15 min and declined to near basal values by 120 min, the response
      being greatest in hyperthyroid and least in hypothyroid subjects. The mean peak
      concentrations were 1028 nmol/1 in the hyperthyroid group, 252 nmol/1 in the
      hypothyroid group and 534 nmol/1 in the euthyroid group. 3. These results could
      not be accounted for by differences in serum insulin response. 4. It is suggested
      that the response of plasma cyclic AMP to glucagon may serve as an index of
      tissue thyroid status.

PMID- 163166
TI  - Tinidazole in the treatment of intestinal amoebiasis.

PMID- 163167
TI  - [Effect of vitamin D-3 on the development of toothbuds in white rats. I.
      Morphological studies].

PMID- 163168
TI  - Metabolism, function and clinical aspects of vitamin D.
AB  - Briefly reviewed herein are some of the contemporary findings on the metabolism
      of vitamin D, and the biochemical and physiological effects of this steroid in
      the animal. Certainly the most accepted major action of vitamin D is to enhance
      the intestinal absorption of calcium. Historically, there is also considerable
      evidence that the vitamin D is required for the resorption of calcium from bone,
      thereby aiding in maintaining normal serum calcium levels. Increasing evidence is
      becoming available that vitamin D does have a direct effect at the kidney level,
      and that the absorption and metabolism of the phosphate ion is also significantly
      affected by this steroid. As a consequence of vitamin D administration to the
      rachitic animal, some molecular changes in the intestine have been identified and
      these include the induction of the vitamin D dependent calcium binding protein,
      an increase in intestinal levels of alkaline phosphatase and calcium ATPase, and
      a stimulation of the adenylate cyclase system. A hallmark of recent efforts is a
      further understanding of the metabolism of vitamin D and the formation of its
      most active form, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. All of this knowledge will prove
      valuable in the rational treatment of certain abnormalities of calcium and bone
      metabolism for which examples are already available.

PMID- 163169
TI  - Relationship between intra- and extracellular surface-active fractions from rat
      lungs.

PMID- 163170
TI  - Phospholipid biosynthesis: the activity of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase in
      the developing lung and amnionic fluid.
AB  - The presented data suggest that PAPase may, indeed, be important in the
      biosynthesis of lung phospholipids. The observed increase in the specific
      activity of rabbit lung precedes the "surge" of phosphatidylcholine concentration
      and surfactant biosynthesis by at least 24 hours. In human amnionic fluid, PAPase
      specific activity was markedly increased in pregnancies of 35 weeks of gestation
      or more. The increase in the specific activity of PAPase preceded the "surge" of
      acetone precipitated phosphatidylcholine. The reported studies may provide an
      additional procedure to examine the problems associated with surfactant
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 163171
TI  - Functional evaluation of lung mitochondria.
AB  - Activity of lung mitochondria was studied with a preparation of isolated
      mitochondria. This was correlated with responses of the isolated perfused lung as
      determined from surface fluorescence measurements and tissue redox couples. Lung
      mitochondria demonstrated substrate oxidation, respiratory control, and Caplus
      plus activation of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. In response to oxidative
      inhibitors, the isolated lung showed increased surface fluorescence and increased
      tissue ratios of redox couples indicating reduction of pyridine nucleotides. The
      results demonstrate functional activity of lung mitochondria in situ.

PMID- 163172
TI  - Phospholipid metabolism in lung adenomas: a model of surface active material
      synthesis.

PMID- 163173
TI  - Pharmacologic regulation of alveolar surfactant in fetal and newborn rabbits:
      ACTH, heroin, isoxsuprine, and glucocorticoid.
AB  - The evidence that pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids induce lung maturation
      and diminish risk of respiratory distress syndrome has been reviewed briefly.
      Studies with heroin corroborate that pharmacologic induction of lung maturation
      is possible in the human fetus. Endogenous fetal glucocorticoids may serve as a
      physiologic mechanism that prepares the immature lungs for birth. Catecholamines
      may induce release of stored surfactant from type 2 cells into alveolar spaces.

PMID- 163174
TI  - Factors in glucose oxidation by alveolar macrophages: glucose transport and
      glycogenolysis.

PMID- 163175
TI  - [Estradiol receptors in rat kidney, liver and uterus cytosol].

PMID- 163176
TI  - [Gangliosides of mitochondria and microsomes of rat hepatoma 27 and liver].

PMID- 163177
TI  - [Investigations on immunity against poliomyelitis (author's transl)].
AB  - Six virus laboratories from various parts of the German Federal Republic and West
      Berlin undertook investigations into polio-myelitis immunity in 1972. A total of
      267 persons aged up to 20 years were investigated for neutralizing antibodies
      against the three types of polio virus. The study showed that from the fourth
      year of life approximately 70% of the persons investigated had antibodies against
      all three types of polio virus. In some younger children the equivalent values
      were considerably lower. After the fourth year of life there were only slight
      differences in the humoral immunity against the three polio virus types. There
      was no evidence that the immunity level had deteriorated up to the 20th year of
      life and thus there is no indication of the necessity for a repeat immunisation
      at a certain time. The investigation confirmed that three oral administrations of
      trivalent vaccine, as are now generally recommended as basic immunization in the
      German Federal Republic, result in a conversion rate of over 90% against each of
      the three virus types.

PMID- 163178
TI  - [Letter: Early hemodialysis in malignant hypertonia].

PMID- 163179
TI  - [Endocrinological and histomorphological studies of testicular atrophy in
      myotonic dystrophy (author's transl)].
AB  - Testicular atrophy in myotonic dystrophy is caused by a primary and progressive
      atrophy of the seminiferous tubules. Endocrinological studies with synthetic
      LH(ICSH)-RH in two patients demonstrated the complete absence of FSH feed back
      mechanism. Glycogen content was markedly diminished or completely absent, as
      demonstrated histochemically, both in the morphologically intact and in damaged
      tubules. The endocrinological and morphological results both demonstrate that
      insufficiency of the Sertoli cells is the primary damage in the pathogenesis of
      testicular atrophy in myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 163180
TI  - [Occurence of the Maedi disease in sheep slaughtered at the Frankfurt/Main
      abbatoirs].

PMID- 163181
TI  - Synthesis and inducibility of the Uterine estrogen-induced protein, IP, during
      the rat estrous cycle: clues to uterine estrogen sensitivity.
AB  - Analysis of newly labeled soluble proteins in uteri of mature rats throughout the
      estrous cycle indicates that the relative rate of synthesis of the uterine
      estrogen-induced protein, IP, is high at proestrus, when endogenous estrogen
      secretion is maximal; it is not synthesized at detectable levels at estrus and
      metestrus; and some minimal synthesis is seen in diestrus uteri. Injection of
      exogenous estrogen results in some increase in the IP synthesis rate at
      proestrus; slight induction of IP synthesis at estrus; and maximal induction (as
      great as that induced in the mature, ovariectomized uterus by estrogen) at
      metestrus and diestrus. Studies in the immature (day 21-24) rat, aimed at
      determining the possible causes of the uterine recalcitrance to exogenous
      estrogen seen at estrus, indicate that one can reproduce in the immature uterus a
      period of feeble responsiveness to a second injection of estrogen after exposure
      to a first, high dose of estrogen. After a single injection of estrogen, there is
      a lag between the gradual return of full IP inducibility (requiring over 40 hours
      to reach the control level) and the return of nuclear-translocatable receptor (at
      control level by 24 hr). This suggests that in addition to the presence of
      nuclear-translocatable receptor, the response to a second injection of estrogen
      is dependent upon other factors whose replenishment and/or reactivation is slower
      than that of the receptor.

PMID- 163182
TI  - Hormonal influences on the level of testicular androgen binding activity: effect
      of FSH following hypophysectomy.
AB  - Concentrations of high affinity (Ka equals 5.5 plus or minus 0.83 times 10-8M-1)
      androgen binding activity in carbonextracted rat testicular supernatants have
      been determined by Scatchard plot analysis under a variety of hormonal
      situations: (a) 0-90 days following hypophysectomy; (b) 0-60 days of daily
      injection of NIH-FSH-P1 (150 mug) beginning 1 day after hypophysectomy; and (c) 0
      60 days of daily FSH treatment beginning 30 days after hypophysectomy. The high
      affinity binding component declined from 0.32 pmoles/mg protein intact adults to
      0.28, 0.17, and less than 0.08 (limit of detectability) pmoles/mg protein at 11,
      16 and 31 days, respectively. FSH treatment beginning immediately after surgery
      slowed this decline, giving values of 0.30, 0.17, and 0.12 pmoles/mg protein
      after 11, 29, and 54 days of treatment, respectively. Expressed as pmoles per
      testis this represented 96, 61, and 40% of the intact control level. Similar
      effects on the level of androgen binding protein (Rf 0.54) were measured by
      steady-state polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The concentration in both
      testis and epididymis declined gradually to nondetectable levels by 30 days after
      surgery. FSH treatment for 11, 29, and 54 days, respectively, resulted in 0.37,
      0.38, and 0.03 pmoles of sites/mg protein in testis compared to 0.34 in intact
      controls and 5.7, 2.6, and 0.2 pmoles/mg protein in epididymis compared to 2.8 in
      intact controls. Doses of 80, 150, and 300 mug FSH/rat/day for 3 days beginning
      30 days after hypophysectomy when postmeiotic elements of the germinal epithelium
      had degenerated caused graded increases in both testicular and epididymal levels
      of androgen binding protein. Prolonged FSH treatment (150 mug) under these
      conditions resulted in an increase in binding activity to a level of 0.12, 0.19,
      0.17, and 0.20 pmoles/mg protein after 3, 11, 25, and 56 days of treatment. On a
      per testis basis this represented less than 20% of intact control levels. PAGE
      estimates were comparable except at the long treatment intervals. These results
      indicate that FSH treatment influences the level of androgen binding protein in
      adult testis and epididymis. This may reflect a direct influence on synthesis,
      degradation, and transport and/or indirect effects on general maintenance and
      responsiveness of the pertinent cell types.

PMID- 163183
TI  - The role of prolactin in the luteotrophic process of lactating rats.
AB  - Treatment of pseudopregnant rats with ergocryptine mesylate (ECR) depressed serum
      prolactin levels but had no apparent effect on LH secretion. Ovarian progesterone
      secretion was significantly, reduced 24 hr after ECR treatment on day 6 or 9 of
      pseudopregnancy and the secretion rate of 20alpha-OH-P remained constant. When
      lactating rats nursing 6 pups were treated with ECR on day 6 or 9 postpartum,
      progesterone secretion was significantly decreased by 48 hr after treatment and
      20 alpha-OH-P secretion was not altered. Furthermore, ECR inhibited litter weight
      gains of these lactating dams. After treatment of normal pregnant and pregnant
      lactating rats with ECR on day 6 of pregnancy, gestation was terminated in all
      animals. If ECR was given on day 9 to normal pregnant rats, to pregnant lactating
      animals whose pups were removed on day 9 postpartum, or to pregnant lactating
      rats treated with LH, gestation was not terminated. However, treatment with ECR
      of day 9 pregnant lactating rats whose pups continued to suckle terminated
      pregnancy in 13 of 21 animals. The results of these studies suggest the elevated
      pituitary prolactin secretion is necessary for maintenance of luteal function in
      pseudopregnant and lactating rats, and in pregnant lactating rats elevated
      pituitary prolactin secretion is a component of the luteotrophic complex for a
      longer period of time than in normal pregnant rats.

PMID- 163184
TI  - Triiodothyronine binding to isolated liver cell nuclei.
AB  - Nuclei of euthyroid rat liver have been prepared from homogenates by
      sedimentation through 2.3M sucrose with or without a 0.25% Triton wash.
      Triiodothyronine is accumulated by these nuclei during incubation in vitro in
      solutions containing 0.32M sucrose, 1mM MgCl2 and 0.02M Tris-Cl buffer at pH 7.4
      or 7.85. Specific T3 binding sites occupied at 10-1,000 pM T3 are saturated by
      excess unlabeled T3 (0.15 muM). Specific T3 binding at 20 C is maximal at 203 hr
      nad is proportional to amount of nuclei. Calcium ion enhances nuclear integrity
      by reduces T3 accumulation. EDTA and phosphate ion cause nuclear damage but
      increase T3 accumulation. Binding is unaffected by inhibition of energy dependent
      reactions or of RNA synthesis. It is markedly increased under certain conditions
      by addition of dithiothreitol (DDT). Binding does not require mediation of a
      cytosol protein. T3 binding is not prevented by RNAse or DNAse, but is
      obliterated by pronase. Te binds to a nuclear iodothyronine binding protein
      (NTBP) to form an NTBP-T3 complex similar to that form-d after in vivo
      administration of the hormone. The complex can be extracted from the nuclei by
      0.4M KC-. T3 present in the NTBP-T3 complex resists accumulation by anion
      exchange resin at 0-2C, but is bound by resin after 20 min at 37C or after
      addition of 0.1 mM p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. At pH 7.85 and with 5 mM DTT, the
      apparent Ka for isolated nuclei is 0.2 times 10-10M-1 and the capacity is 508 pg
      T3/g wet tissue or 53 times 10-15 moles T3/100 mug DNA. The data may not
      represent total capacity, but rather the amount of T3 dissociated during the
      period of incubation so that NTBP-T3 can be exchanged with labeled T3. Among
      analogues tested, triiodothyroacetic acid appears to bind with four times the
      affinity of L-TX, D-T3 binds with equal affinity, and L-T4 with one-fourth the
      affinity of T3.

PMID- 163185
TI  - Progestational function of perifused rat corpora lutea.
AB  - Corpora lutea (CL) from synchronously ovulated, prepubertal rats remained viable
      in perifusing Eagle medium (Dulbecco modified) flowing at a rate of 1 ml/hr. As
      an index of viability, progesterone (P) and 20alpha-hydroxypreng-4-ene-3-one
      (20alpha-OH-P) were determined by radioimmunoa-say in effluent media. Corpora
      lutea removed on the 2nd day of diestrus (D-2) or the 2nd day of pseudopregnancy
      (PP-2) showed fatigue by a continuous decline in the concentrations of effluent
      progestins. P decreased from 2 to 0.2 ng/ml/CL during an interval of 5 hr, while
      20alpha-OH-P decreased from 2.2 to about 0.7 ng/ml/CL. In contrast corpora lutea
      taken on PP-4 maintained higher progestin levels in the effluent media. P present
      initially at 2.2 ng/ml/CL decreased to 0.73 ng/ml/CL; 20alpha-OH-P, initial
      concentration 0.84 ng/ml/CL, decreased to 0.41 ng/ml/CL. The greater
      functionality of PP-4 CL indicated by the continued predominance of , suggested
      an in vivo imposition of a luteotropic stimulus occurring after PP-2. Addition of
      bovine LH (NIH-LH-B8, 20 mug/ml) to the perifusing medium stimulated
      steroidogenesis by PP-2 CL during which 20alpha-OH-P levels remained between 2.3
      and 3.2 ng/ml/CL throughout perifusion, while P secretion decreased from 2.9 to
      0.9 ng/ml/CL. Prolactin (NIH-P-B3, 20 mug/ml), did not significantly alter the
      original secretion pattern of PP-2 CL. During combined prolactin (20 mug/ml) and
      LH (2 to 10 mug/ml) perifusion, P secretion predominated, decreasing from 3.9 to
      1.0 ng/ml/CL; 20alpha-OH-P decreased from 1.2 to 0.7 ng/ml/CL.

PMID- 163186
TI  - Effect of luteinizing hormone and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on
      steroidogenesis in the ovarian follicle of the rabbit.
AB  - Mature ovarian follicles have been isolated from estrus rabbits and the effects
      of gonadotropin and cyclic AMP on steroidogenesis in this tissue determined.
      Gonadotropins used include LH, FSH, and prolactin; follicular levels of
      progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and 17beta-estradiol in all
      experiments were quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Incubation of follicles with LH
      in concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 50 mug/ml medium yielded increases in the
      total ng steroid/follicle. Five mug LH/ml gave a maximal response with no further
      increase in steroid concentration when the LH was raised to 50 mug/ml. Prolactin
      had no effect on follicular steroidogenesis while the stimulatory action of a FSH
      preparation could only be partially attributed to LH contamination. Cyclic AMP
      also proved to be a potent stimulatory agent in follicular steroidogenesis with
      maximal increases at 20 mumoles/ml and a decline in the ng steroid/follicle when
      cyclic AMP was raised to 30 and 40 mumoles/ml. The effects of LH and cyclic AMP
      proved to be nonadditive; incubation of follicles simultaneously with 5 mug LH/ml
      and 20 mumoles cyclic AMP/ml yielded steroid concentrations which were no
      different than levels following incubation with either agent alone. Taken
      together, these results demonstrate that both LH and cyclic AMP cause increases
      in radioimmunoassayable steroid in the rabbit follicle in vitro and that LH
      probably acts by way of a cyclic AMP intermediate.

PMID- 163187
TI  - The morphological transformation and inhibition of growth of bovine luteal cells
      in tissue culture induced by luteinizing hormone and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
AB  - The luteal cells obtained from bovine corpus luteum by enzymatic treatment have
      been maintained in tissue culture. When the cells were maintained in the absence
      of luteinizing hormone or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, they grew parallel to one another
      and were elongated, thus giving to the culture a fibroblastic appearance. No
      contact inhibition was observed and the progestin secretion rate was low (3 pg
      per cell per day). In contrast, when luteinizing hormone or dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      was present, the cells became polygonal, growing as a monolayer and taking the
      appearance of epithelial cells. In this case contact inhibition was observed. The
      rate of progestin secretion was 250 pg per cell per day. As soon as luteinizing
      hormone or dibutyryl cyclic AMP was removed from the media, the cells reverted to
      a fibroblastic appearance. Agents such as colcemid, vinblastin or cytochalasin B
      inhibited the morphological effect of luteinizing hormone or dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP. Since those agents are known to inhibit the assembly of microtubules, the
      data suggest that LH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP act by promoting the organization
      of microtubules from protein monomers. This microtubular system (cytoskeleton) is
      responsible for the morphological appearance of the cells. Concomitant with the
      morphological changes induced by luteinizing hormone and dibutyryl cyclic AMP an
      inhibition in the growth rate of luteal cells was observed. It suggests that by
      raising the intracellular level of cyclic AMP the luteinizing hormone inhibits
      the division of luteal cells and is not, for that reason, a mitogenic agent. A
      similar effect was obtained with other agents known to stimulate cyclic AMP
      production such asthe prostaglandins. Steroids such as glucocorticoids and
      testosterone but not progesterone also inhibited the growth rate. It is concluded
      that luteinizing hormone by controlling the level of cyclic AMP within the luteal
      cells is responsible for the expression of the phenotype of the cells and the
      maintenance of differentiation.

PMID- 163188
TI  - The intranuclear binding of 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one and
      testosterone by hamster sebaceous glands.
AB  - After the administration of 3-H-testosterone to castrated hamsters, extracts from
      crude nuclei were separated into bound and free fractions by gel filtration of
      Sephadex G-25, Subsequent analysis by thin-layer chromatography and
      recrystallization showed that dihydrotestosterone was the predominant radioactive
      steroid in the bound fraction and that it increased steadily with time until 1 hr
      after the injection. Further purification of the nuclear fraction showed an
      abundance of dihydrotestosterone in the nuclei. The binding was significantly
      decreased by pronase treatment, only slightly affected by deoxyribonuclease, and
      remained unaffected by ribonuclease. From the elution pattern on Sephadex G-200,
      the molecular weight of the binding macromolecule was estimated to be 3 times 10
      4 daltons.

PMID- 163189
TI  - Diguanosinetetraphosphatase from rat liver: Acitivity on diadenosine
      tetraphosphate and inhibition by adenosine tetraphosphate.
AB  - The hydrolysis of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a compound previously described by
      others to occur in liver at concentrations of around 0.1 mu M, is carried out by
      a specific enzyme. This enzyme has been partially purified from rat liver
      extracts, and the following properties have been found. The Km value for
      diadenosine tetraphosphate is 2 mu M; the products of hydrolysis are ATP and AMP;
      the Km value for diguanosine tetraphosphate is 2 mu M; none of the following
      substances were substrates of the enzyme: diadenosine triphosphate, diguanosine
      di and triphosphates, adenosine tetraphosphate, ATP, ADP, NAD+, NADP+ and bis-p
      nitrophenylphosphate. Cyclic AMP was not an inhibitor of the reaction. The enzyme
      requires Mg2+ ions, is maximally active at a pH value of approximately 8, and has
      a molecular weight of 22000 as estimated by filtration on Sephadex G-100. The
      activation energy of the reaction was of 10250 cal times mol-1 (42886 J times mol
      1). Particularly striking is the inhibition by adenosine tetraphosphate (Ki
      equals 48 nM) and guanosine tetraphosphate (Ki equals 14 nM). Other nucleotides
      tested were also competitive inhibitors with Ki values in the 10--100 mu M range.

PMID- 163190
TI  - Purification of bisphosphoglyceromutase, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase and
      phosphoglyceromutase from human erthrocytes. Three enzyme activities in one
      protein.
AB  - Bisphosphoglyceromutase, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase and
      phosphoglyceromutase have been purified from human red cells. Three enzymes were
      co-purified throughout all purification steps. Three fractions (peaks I, II and
      III) which were chromatographically separable and had three activities in
      different ratios were obtained. Peak III which contained the main
      bisphosphoglyceromutase and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase activities was
      purified to homogeneity by electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal analyses. The
      homogeneous preparation had the phosphoglyceromutase activity. The three
      activities were lost at the same rate during thermal inactivation. Thus,
      bisphosphoglyceromutase and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase activities, which
      are responsible for 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate metabolism in red cells, are
      displayed by the same enzyme protein which has phosphoglyceromutase activity.
      Peaks I and II were rich in the phosphoglyceromutase activity. Both peaks showed
      bisphosphoglyceromutase and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase activities,
      although these two activities were much smaller than those of peak III. Some of
      the enzymic properties of peak III are described. Comparative studies on three
      peaks showed that the phosphoglyceromutase of peak III differed from that of
      peaks I and II in the kinetic property and thermostability.

PMID- 163191
TI  - Spreading of normal and transformed fibroblasts in dense cultures.

PMID- 163192
TI  - An intracellular study of thalamocortical synapses in the orbito-insular cortex.

PMID- 163193
TI  - The influence of cyclic nucleotides (c-AMP and c-GMP) on the nitrous blue
      tetrazolium reduction by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

PMID- 163194
TI  - [Development and control of activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase and
      ornithine transcarbamylase in the fetal liver of the rat in the course of
      development].

PMID- 163195
TI  - Effects of DHEA or its sulfoconjugates upon C-AMP phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 163196
TI  - Effect of stress and diazepam treatment during infancy on the corticosterone
      regulation and androgenic activity in adult male rats.

PMID- 163197
TI  - Renal effects of the prostaglandins A1 and E2 in hydrated and hydropenic dogs.

PMID- 163199
TI  - Podolide, a new antileukemic norditerpene dilactone from Podocarpus gracilior.

PMID- 163198
TI  - Lanthanides and amphibian epithelia: block of the hormone-induced stimulation of
      sodium and water transport.

PMID- 163201
TI  - Cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate level in the plasma of the rainbow trout
      (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson) following adrenaline administration and constrained
      exercise.

PMID- 163200
TI  - Stimulation of Mg-2+-dependent endonuclease activity of rat testis nuclei on
      incubation with NAD+ in vitro.

PMID- 163202
TI  - Nuclear DNA of mouse hepatoma studied by 3-H-actinomycin D binding.

PMID- 163203
TI  - Placental impermeability to maternal ACTH in the rabbit.

PMID- 163204
TI  - [A study of the interaction between antirheumatic preparations and proteins using
      the spin marker method].

PMID- 163205
TI  - [Neurochemical and neurophysiological mechanisms of the psychostimulant action of
      phenamine].

PMID- 163206
TI  - Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of renal brush border membranes by protein
      kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase.

PMID- 163207
TI  - Heterogeneity of human serum very low density lipoproteins as demonstrated by
      DEAE-cellulose chromatography.

PMID- 163208
TI  - An abnormal high density lipoprotein in cholestatic plasma isolated by zonal
      ultracentrifugation.

PMID- 163209
TI  - Charge transfer between water and octane phases by soluble mitochondrial ATPase
      (F1), bacteriorhodopsin and respiratory chain enzymes.

PMID- 163210
TI  - Funiculosin; a new specific inhibitor of the respiratory chain in rat liver
      mitochondria.

PMID- 163211
TI  - Soluble and membrane-bound cyclic AMP diesterase activity with a low Michaelis
      constant in baker's yeast.

PMID- 163212
TI  - High cyclic AMP levels in young chick embryonic hearts.

PMID- 163213
TI  - Bile salt alteration of colonic electrolyte transport: role of cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate.

PMID- 163215
TI  - [A case of I-cell disease].

PMID- 163214
TI  - [Peripheral neuropathy due to prolonged treatment with nitrofurantoin].

PMID- 163216
TI  - Social work program meets hospitals' unique needs.

PMID- 163217
TI  - Effect of local infection and oral contraception on immunoglobulin levels in
      cervical mucus.
AB  - The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were
      estimated in cervical mucus from 115 patients attending a clinic for sexually
      transmitted diseases. The patients were divided into two groups; those using
      combined estrogen/progestogen oral contraceptives, and those with presumed normal
      ovulatory cycles. Gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, candidosis, and herpes genitalis
      were diagnosed by conventional smear and culture techniques, and the two groups
      were subdivided according to these diagnoses. Gonorrhea, trichomoniasis,
      herpetic, and nonspecific cervicitis all caused marked increases in the mean
      concentrations when compared with a control group of uninfected patients with
      natural cycles (P = less than 0.01). Patients with candidosis and contacts of men
      with nonspecific urethritis showed a lesser rise. IgG/IgA ratios lower than that
      of serum suggested a considerable locally produced contribution of IgA. Oral
      contraception with the combined pill also caused a significant increase in mean
      IgA and IgG levels even in the absence of local infection (P = less than 0.01).
      an increase in the IgG/IgA ratio of this group may indicate that the hormonal
      effect was manifest through increased serum transudation. IgM was also detected
      more commonly in patients taking the pill. The marked effect of local disease on
      immunoglobulin levels in cervical mucus which occurs even in asymptomatic
      patients emphasizes the importance of screening for infection when studying these
      secretions.

PMID- 163218
TI  - Antigenic response to topically applied proteins.
AB  - Six different proteins varying widely in molecular weight, ribonuclease,
      lysostaphin, ovalbumin, penicillinase, collagenase, and Varidase were tested for
      their ability to induce circulating antibody formation in rabbits after repeated
      topical application of the proteins in a water-soluble gel vehicle. After a 12
      week exposure period, significant hemagglutinin titers were noted in rabbits
      treated with ovalbumin, lysostaphin, or ribonuclease; markedly elevated, passive
      cutaneous anaphylaxis-reacting sera were obtained only from collagenase- or
      lysostaphin-treated animals. Precipitin antibodies as evidenced by gel diffusion
      were also found in sera from collagenas- and lysostaphin-treated animals. Topical
      application of penicillinase was only marginally effective and Varidase was
      totally ineffective in elicting a positive circulating antibody response. In all
      cases, topical application of proteins for periods in excess of 3 weeks was
      required for induction of circulating antibody formation.

PMID- 163219
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in Vibrio cholerae.
AB  - The extracellular concentration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (AMP) of
      three different strains of Vibrio cholerae growing in syncase medium were
      measured. Cyclic AMP secreted by V. cholerae 569B varied widely, with different
      carbon sources. Mutant 13, which produced little or no toxin, released half the
      amount of cyclic AMP as the wild type. The release of less cyclic AMP into the
      medium by mutant 13 may be accounted for by the lower activity of adenylate
      cyclase observed. High glucose (3%) in the culture medium reduced the
      concentration of cyclic AMP both in wild type and mutant 13. Reduction of cyclic
      AMP levels at high concentrations of glucose (3%) occurred without change of
      adenylate cyclase activity. The release of enterotoxin to the medium varied with
      carbon sources but was independent of conditions which reduced the cyclic AMP
      both within the cell and the medium. Neither adenylate cyclase activity nor toxin
      production was reduced by an increase concentration of glucose in wild-type V.
      cholerae, whereas cyclic AMP levels were reduced by sixfold. A lower activity of
      the adenylate cyclase was observed in a mutant of V. cholerae which produced no
      detectable toxin. Thus, a correlation exists between toxin production and
      adenylate cyclase activity in V. cholerae.

PMID- 163220
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity to Herpes simplex in humans: lymphocyte cytotoxicity
      measured by 51-Cr release from infected cells.
AB  - We assessed cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 antigen in
      patients suffering from recurrent cold sores and in a series of healthy controls.
      Paradoxically, all those subject to recurrent herpetic infections had, without
      exception, evidence of cell-mediated immunity to herpes antigens. This was
      demonstrated by lymphocyte transformation and specific 51Cr release from infected
      human amnion cells after incubation with peripheal blood mononuclear cells. Where
      performed, skin tests with herpes antigen were also positive. In addition, serum
      from these patients specifically sensitized herpesvirus-infected cells to killing
      by nonimmune, control mononuclear cells. These tests were negative in the control
      patients except in a few cases, and it is suggested that these latter may be the
      asymptomatic herpesvirus carriers previously recognized or that they may have
      experienced a genital infection.

PMID- 163221
TI  - Characterization of a Wilms' tumor model.
AB  - Growth characteristics, survival time, sex differences and hormonal effects, and
      various biochemical parameters were evaluated in a transplantable Furth/Wistar
      rat Wilms' tumor model. Survival time was dependent on site of tumor transplant
      and ranged from a mean of 28 days for intrarenal implantation to 44 days
      intramusculary. Maximum tumor weight (130 g) was obtained via subcutaneous
      implant. Lung metastasis was evident in the majority of animals with the
      exception of those receiving the tumor implant intraperitoneally. The levels of
      erythropoietin and serum calcium and phosphatase were comparable to control
      values whereas hematocrit levels declined. Tumor tissue arginase or total protein
      remained unchanged during tumor growth. In these same tissues DNA, content and 5
      alpha-reductase activity significantly and progressively increased with
      concomitant tumor growths. Measurements of lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline
      phosphatase, and their isoenzymes indicated patterns of liver involvement which
      were not macroscopically evident. After 31 days of subcutaneous tumor transplant,
      male and female rats had tumors of comparable weights. Orchiectomy or estradiol
      treatment significantly reduced tumor weight in males. In female rats
      testosterone treatment significantly increased tumor weights. DNA concentration
      in tumor tissue was unaffected by treatment. Similiarly, although 5-alpha
      reductase activity was higher in tumors from males, and arginase higher in
      females, these enzymes were not affected by surgical or hormonal treatment.

PMID- 163222
TI  - Enzyme histochemical investigation of an adenomatoid tumor.
AB  - Enzyme histochemical study of an adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis revealed an
      enzyme pattern identical to that of the rete testis. Histogenesis from the same
      primordium may be suggested.

PMID- 163223
TI  - Association of feline leukemia virus with lymphosarcoma and other disorders in
      the cat.
AB  - Two hundred fifty Boston cats with disorders such as lymphosarcoma,
      myeloproliferative disease, anemia, glomerulonephritis, pregnancy abnormalities,
      feline infectious peritonitis, toxoplasmosis, and various bacterial infections
      were examined for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) by immunofluorescence. Antibody
      titers against feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) were
      tested in 133 of these cats. The tests for FeLV and FOCMA antibody were also
      conducted among healthy cats not known to have been exposed to FeLV, as well as
      among healthy cats from households where FeLV was known to be present. Most of
      the cats with lymphosarcoma and the other aforementioned disorders were infected
      with FeLV and low FOCMA antibody titers. Healthy cats known to have been exposed
      to FeLV were often viremic, but those that remained healthy were able to develop
      high FOCMA antibody titers. Healthy cats without known prior exposure to FeLV
      were unlikely to be viremic but often had detectable FOCMA antibody titers,
      indicating that some exposure occurs under natural conditions in the Boston area.
      The association of FeLV with infections other than lymphosarcoma was assumed to
      be caused by the immunosuppresive effect of FeLV, thus allowing development of
      disease.

PMID- 163224
TI  - Novel pathway for degradation of protocatechuic acid in Bacillus species.
AB  - A species of Bacillus, tentatively identified as B. circulans, degrades
      protocatechuic acid by a novel reaction involving meta-fission between C2 and C3
      of the benzene nucleus. 2-Hydroxymuconic semialdehyde is then degraded to
      pyruvate and acetaldehyde by enzymatic reactions described in previous work.
      Protocatechuate 2,3-oxygenase exhibits a rather narrow substrate specificity; the
      methyl and ethyl esters of protocatechuic acid are oxidized, but other substrates
      for ring-fission oxygenases, notably catechol, gallic acid, and
      homoprotocatechuic acid, are not attached.

PMID- 163225
TI  - Circadian rhythms in Neurospora crassa: oscillation in the level of an adenine
      nucleotide.
AB  - In a mutant strain (bd) of Neurospora, the biological clock is visibly expressed
      at the growing front of a mycelial mat by sequential periods of conidiating
      (spore-forming) and non-conidiating growth. The edges (8 mm) of the mycelium at
      different ages were sampled during a 31 h period, and the adenine nucleotide
      levels were enzymatically assayed. In the edge region, the total adenosine 5'
      monophosphate (AMP) level showed an oscillation, with a minimum of 0.5 mumol/g
      (residual dry weight) and a maximum of 6.0 mumol/g. The total adenosine 5'
      triphosphate level and the total adenosine 5'-diphosphate level showed no obvious
      oscillation. The oscillation in AMP content had many of the properties of a
      circadian rhythm. Its period was about 22 h long, it was phase-shifted by light,
      and it was damped out by continuous illumination. The oscillation in AMP level
      led to an oscillation in the overall cellular energy charge from 0.65 to 0.93.
      However, the energy charge calculation does not take into account any possible
      compartmentalization of AMP, and therefore must be interpretated cautiously. It
      is suggested that the underlying cause of the oscillation in AMP level could be a
      rhythmic, partial uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 163226
TI  - Erythritol catabolism by Brucella abortus.
AB  - Cell extracts of Brucella abortus (British 19) catabolized erythritol through a
      series of phosphorylated intermediates to dihydroxyacetonephosphate and CO-2.
      Cell extracts required adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide (NAD), Mg2+, inorganic orthophosphate, and reduced glutathione for
      activity. The first reaction in the pathway was the phosphorylation of
      mesoerythritol with an ATP-dependent kinase which formed d-erythritol 1-phosphate
      (d-erythro-tetritol 1-phosphate). d-Erythritol 1-phosphate was oxidized by an NAD
      dependent dehydrogenase to d-erythrulose 1-phosphate (d-glycero-2-tetrulose 1
      phosphate). B. abortus (US-19) was found to lack the succeeding enzyme in the
      pathway and was used to prepare substrate amounts of d-erythrulose 1-phosphate. d
      Erythritol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-erythro-tetritol 1-phosphage: NAD 2
      oxidoreductase) is probably membrane bound. d-Erythrulose 1-phosphate was
      oxidized by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase to 3-keto-l-erythrose 4-phosphate (l
      glycero-3-tetrosulose 4-phosphate) which was further oxidized at C-1 by a
      membrane-bound dehydrogenase coupled to the electron transport system. Either
      oxygen or nitrate had to be present as a terminal electron acceptor for the
      oxidation of 3-keto-l-erythrose 4-phosphate to 3-keto-l-erythronate 4-phosphate
      (l-glycero-3-tetrulosonic acid 4-phosphate). The beta-keto acid was
      decarboxylated by a soluble decarboxylase to dihydroxyacetonephosphate and CO-2.
      Dihydroxyacetonephosphate was converted to pyruvic acid by the final enzymes of
      glycolysis. The apparent dependence on the electron transport system of
      erythritol catabolism appears to be unique in Brucella and may play an important
      role in coupling metabolism to active transport and generation of ATP.

PMID- 163228
TI  - Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase III of Escherichia coli. Characterization of
      associated exonuclease activities.
AB  - Purified DNA polymerase III has two distinct exonuclease activities: one
      initiates hydrolsis at the 3 termini, and the other at the 5 termini of single
      stranded DNA. Both exonucleases have the same relative mobility on polyacrylamide
      gels as the polymerase activity. Molecular identity of the three activities is
      further indicated by their comparative rates of thermal inactivation and their
      sensitivity to ionic strength. The 3-5 exonuclease activity hydrolyzes only
      single-standed DNA. The rate of hydrolysis is twice the optimal rate of
      polymerization. The products are 5-mononucleotides, but the 3-5 activity is
      unable to cleave free dinucleotides or the 5-terminal dinucleotide of a
      polydeoxynucleotide chain. The 3-5 activity will not degrade 3-phosphoryl
      terminated oligonucleotides such as d(pTpTpTp). The 5-3 activity catalyzes the
      hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA at 1/15 the rate of the 3-5 exonuclease. The 5
      3 exonuclease requires the presence of a 5 single-stranded terminus in order to
      initiate hydrolysis, but will thereafter proceed into a double-stranded region.
      Although the limit products found during hydrolysis of substrates designed to
      assay specifically the 5-3 activity are predominantly mono- and dinucleotides,
      these products probably arise from the subsequent hydrolysis of oligonucleotides
      by the 3-5 hydrolytic activity. This interpretation is supported by (a) the
      relatively greater activity of the 3-5 exonuclease, (b) the inability of the
      enzyme to degrade d(pTpTpTp), and (c) the release of the 5 terminus of a single
      stranded DNA molecule as an oligonucleotide. The 5-3 exonuclease attacks
      ultraviolet-irradiated duplex DNA which has first been incised by the Micrococcus
      luteus endonuclease specific for thymine dimers in DNA.

PMID- 163227
TI  - Enzymes of deoxythymidine triphosphate biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa
      mitochondria.
AB  - Intact mitochondria of Neurospora crassa incorporate deoxythymidine 5'
      monophosphate (dTMP) into deoxyribonucleic acid but not the label from (methyl
      3H) deoxythymidine. Mitochondrial homogenates contain deoxythymidylate kinase (EC
      2.7.4.9), deoxycytidylate aminohydrolase (dCMP deaminase) (EC 3.5.4.12), and
      thymidylate synthetase (EC 2.1.1b), but not thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21)
      activity. dTMP kinase is loosely bound to the mitochondrial membrane and is
      solubilized by 0.4 M KCl in mitochondrial homogenates, the dCMP aminohydrolase
      deaminase) is bound to the inner membrane and is not solubilized by 0.4 M KCl.
      dTMP synthetase activity is found in the 2,000 times g particulate fractions by
      homogenization of mitochondria in 0.4 M KCl. The dCMP deaminase activity found in
      the particulate fraction of the inner membrane is efficiently regulated by the
      products of the pathway: deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate activates whereas
      deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate inhibits, as found for the soluble enzyme from
      other sources. These data indicate that mitochondria of N. crassa contain
      specific enzymes for the biosynthesis of deoxythymidine triphosphate.

PMID- 163230
TI  - The determination of density and molecular weight distributions of lipoproteins
      by sedimentation equilibrium.
AB  - A method is presented by which an experimental record of total concentration as a
      function of radial distance, obtained in a sedimentation equilibrium experiment
      conducted with a noninteracting mixture in the absence of a density gradient, may
      be analyzed to obtain the unimodal distributions of molecular weight and of
      partial molar volume when these vary concomitantly and continuously. Particular
      attention is given to the caracterization of classes of lipoproteins exhibiting
      Gaussian distributions of these quantities, although the analysis is applicable
      to other types of unimodal distribution. Equations are also formulated permitting
      the definition of the corresponding distributions of partial specific volume and
      of density. The analysis procedure is based on a method (employing Laplace
      transforms) developed previously, but differs from it in that it avoids the
      necessity of differentiating experimental results, which introduces error. The
      method offers certain advantages over other procedures used to characterize and
      compare lipoprotein samples (exhibiting unimodal distributions) with regard to
      the duration of the experiment, economy of the sample, and, particularly, the
      ability to define in principle all of the relevant distributions from one
      sedimentation equilibrium experiment and an external measurement of the weight
      average partial specific volume. These points and the steps in the analysis
      procedure are illustrated with experimental results obtained in the sedimentation
      equilibrium of a sample of human serum low density lipoprotein. The experimental
      parameters (such as solution density, column height, and angular velocity) used
      in the conduction of these experiments were selected on the basis of computer
      simulated examples, which are also presented. These provide a guide for other
      workers interested in characterizing lipoproteins of this class.

PMID- 163229
TI  - Membrane receptors as general markers for plasma membrane isolation procedures.
      The use of 125-I-labeled wheat germ agglutinin, insulin, and cholera toxin.
AB  - Specific cell surface membrane receptors, labeled by forming a complex with low
      concentrations (about 10--9 M to 10--10 M) of a highly radioactive (125-I,
      carrier-free) ligand, can serve as simple, reliable, sensitive, and quantitative
      markers for plasma membranes in fractionation procedures. 125-I-Labeled insulin,
      cholera toxin and the plant lictins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and
      concanavalin A are the receptor ligands used for labeling plasma membranes.
      Plasma membranes are labeled before homogenization by incubating intact cells
      briefly at 24 degrees or 4 degrees, or by very brief in situ perfusion of the
      organ, with the 125-I-Labeled marker. After removing the free 125-I-labeled
      ligand from the medium by washing (at 4 degrees), the membrane-marker complex
      remains intact over prolonged (days) periods of time at 4 degrees. Labeling
      occurs nearly exclusively on the cell surface, the specificity of this plasma
      membrane reaction is maintained through homogenization and fractionation, and
      little dissociation of the complex, detectable exchange of label, or aggregation
      occur even upon prolonged incubation of the homogenates. When desired, the
      complex can be dissociated deliberately by manipulating experimental conditions
      such as temperature or by adding specific simple sugars. The most generally
      suitable marker appears to be WGA. At least in certain tissues (e. g. fat cells)
      labeling of the plasma membrane with 125-I-WGA and 125-I-isnulin can be performed
      equally well and selectively in homogenates as in the intact cell. 125-I-Cholera
      toxin cannot be used in homogenates because of significant binding to nuclei. The
      use of 125-I-labeled WGA as a specific plasma membrane marker is illustrated in
      following the course of fractionations, and in quantitating the yield and purity,
      of plasma membranes from fat cells, lymphocytes, and liver. The results are
      compared with simultaneous measurements of the plasma membrane enzyme "markers,"
      ATPase, 5-nucleotidase, and basal as well as hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase
      activities. The fractionation of liver plasma membranes by aqueous dextran
      polyethylene glycol two-phase polymer systems and by conventional differential
      centrifugation procedures arealso quantitated with the marker, 125I-WGA.
      Substantial quantities of plasma membrane material are no recovered in the
      interphase of the two-phase polymer system. Conventional liver fractionation
      procedures which retain, for further purification, only the readily sedimented
      pellet (2000 times g, 15 min) discard a very large (at least 70%) questenal hy

PMID- 163231
TI  - Fluorescent and spin label probes of the environments of the sulfhydryl groups of
      porcine muscle adenylate kinase.
AB  - The environments of the two sulfhydryl groups of procine muscle adenylate kinase
      have been investigated by chemical modification reactions. The results indicate
      that the environments of the two-SH groups of procine muscle adenylate kinase are
      markedly different and that substrates induce conformational changes in the
      enzyme in the region of the sulfhydryl groups. The fluorogenic reagent 7-chloro-4
      nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD-chloride) reacts specifically with the -SH
      groups of the enzyme at pH 7.9. One thiol group reacts with NBD-chloride
      approximately 40-fold faster than the other one, and the fast reacting group has
      been identified as Cys-25 in the amino acid sequence. The similarity of the rate
      of the more slowly reacting Cys-187 with NBD-chloride to that of glutathione with
      the same reagent is consistent with its location on the surface of the enzyme as
      determined by x-ray crystallography structure. The fast reacting Cys-25 in the
      interior of the structure can be approached by compounds such as NBD-chloride via
      a cleft. Reaction of Cys-25, presumably located close to the catalytic center,
      leads to complete inactivation of the enzyme. Substrates such as ATP, MgATP, and
      ADP which bind to the triphosphate subsite of the enzyme decrease the rate of
      reaction of Cys-25 by factors up to 3.5 but have only a small effect
      (approximately equal to 10%) on the reactivity of Cys-187. AMP, however, has a
      pronounced effect on the reactivity of Cys-187, the slowly reacting group. The
      multisubstrate analogue P-1, P-5-di-(adenosine-5)pentaphosphate (Ap-5A) decreases
      the rate of reaction of the fast reacting thiol group by a factor of 300. The
      behavior of Cys-25 toward NBD-chloride, i.e. super-reactivity in the absense of
      Ap-5A and slow reactivity in the presence of the multisubstrate inhibitor, was
      characteristic for both porcin and carp adenylate kinase. In the presence of Ap
      5A adenylate kinase can be selectively modified at Cys-187; the introduction of
      the fluorescent NBD group at this position has no effect on enzymatic activity. A
      slow transfer of the NBD group occurs from the third groups to the epsilon-amino
      group of Lys-31. This transfer reaction is further evidence that the structure of
      adenylate kinase in dilute solution is similar to that of the crystalline enzyme
      since the x-ray data have shown that the sulfur of Cys-187 and the epsilon
      nitrogen of Lys-31 are less than 4 A apart. The strongly fluorescent NBD-NH
      enzyme possesses full activity and binds substrates as. cont'd

PMID- 163232
TI  - A guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-sensitive nuclease from Bacillus brevis.
AB  - In toluene-treated cells of Bacillus brevis, newly synthesized RNA is rapidly
      degraded in a reaction that is inhibited by cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (cGMP) and by 1,10-phenanthroline. This appears to be due to a ribonuclease found
      in cell-free extracts of B. brevis which is inhibited by cGMP and related
      compounds as well as by 1,10-phenanthroline. The cGMP-sensitive nuclease
      hydrolyzes synthetic polynucleotides, yielding nucleoside 5'-monophosphates as
      the sole products, even during the early stages of hydrolysis. Synthetic
      polynucleotides terminated by a 3'-phosphate are resistant to hydrolysis. While
      with 3'-hydrolysis of the polymer. The enzyme is therefore an exonuclease that
      degrades polynucleotides from the 3' end to product 5'-mononucleotides. It also
      acts on denatured but not on native DNA. Activity is greatest in the presence of
      Mn2+ and is not affected by the presence of monovalent cations. 1,10
      Phenanthroline, but not 1,7-phenanthroline, inhibits the nuclease even when Mn2+
      is present in excess. The inhibition of the enzyme by cGMP is noncompetitive, and
      cGMP itself is not hydrolyzed. The sensitivity of the nuclease to inhibition
      depends strikingly on the nature of the substrate and is lost when the enzyme is
      assayed at high pH. These observations suggest that cGMP inhibits the nuclease by
      combining with an allosteric site on the enzyme. Although cGMP was found to be
      the most effective inhibitor, other nucleoside 3':5'-monophosphates and
      derivatives of 5'-GMP can also inhibit the nuclease. Since measurements of cGMP
      in B. brevis have not revealed detectable amounts (less than 5 times 10-8 M), the
      substance that modulates the activity of the nuclease under physiological
      conditions remains to be identified.

PMID- 163233
TI  - Cytochrome c oxidase from bakers' yeast. III. Physical characterization of
      isolated subunits and chemical evidence for two different classes of
      polypeptides.
AB  - Earlier studies have shown that cytochrome c oxidase from bakers' yeast is an
      oligomeric enzyme which contains three polypeptides (I to III) synthesized on
      mitochondrial ribosomes and four polypeptides (IV to VII) synthesized on
      cytoplasmic ribosomes. These polypeptide subunits have now been isolated by a
      simple protocol which utilizes differences in polypeptide charge, solubility, and
      size. Their molecular weights determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in
      the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, gel filtration in the presence of
      guanidine hydrochloride, and amino acid analysis were: I, 40,000; II, 33,000;
      III, 22,000; IV, 14,500; V, 12,700; VI, 12,700; and VII, 4,600. All seven
      polypeptide subunits exhibited acidic isoelectric points; cytoplasmically made
      subunits were more acidic than mitochondrially made ones. The amino acid
      composition of two mitochondrially made subunits and two cytoplasmically made
      subunits was determined. The two mitochondrial translation products, I and II,
      contained only 34.7% and 42.1% polar amino acids, respectively, whereas the two
      cytoplasmic translation products, IV and VI, contained 48.3% and 49.3%,
      respectively. This agreed with the observation that Subunits I and II are very
      insoluble, requiring detergents for solubility, whereas Subunits IV and VI are
      water-soluble in the absence of any added detergent. These results indicate that
      the cytochrome c oxidase subunits synthesized on mitochondrial and cytoplasmic
      ribosomes are fundamentally different in size, isoelectric properties, and
      hydrophobicity. They also suggest the possibility that at least some of the
      mitochondrially made subunits are buried in the lipid phase of the mitochondrial
      inner membrane.

PMID- 163234
TI  - Cytochrome c oxidase from bakers' yeast. IV. Immunological evidence for the
      participation of a mitochondrially synthesized subunit in enzymatic activity.
AB  - In order to study the role of the individual subunits of yeast cytochrome c
      oxidase, rabbit antisera were prepared against Subunit II (a mitochondrially made
      polypeptide) and Subunit VI (a cytoplasmically made polypeptide). Antisera were
      also obtained against a mixture of the two mitochondrially made subunits (I PLUS
      II) and against mixtures of the following cytoplasmically made subunits: (IV PLUS
      VI); (V PLUS VII); and (IV PLUS V PLUS VI PLUS VII). Neither anti-II serum nor
      anti-VI serum cross-reacted with any of the other six subunits of cytochrome c
      oxidase as judged by a sensitive ring test or by double diffusion in agarose
      gels. Anti-II serum inhibited the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by purified
      yeast cytochrome c oxidase or by freshly isolated as well as sonically fragmented
      yeast mitochondria. Anti-(V, VII) serum and anti-(IV, V, VI, VII) serum were also
      strongly inhibitory. Anti-VI serum and anti-(IV, VI) serum inhibited only weakly.
      If purified cytochrome c oxidase was inhibited with a saturating amount of anti
      VI serum, anti-II serum elicited a further increment of inhibition, as would be
      expected if the inhibitory effects of these two antisera involved different
      antigenic sites on the holoenzyme. Each of the antisera precipitated all seven
      cytochrome c oxidase subunits from crude mitochondrial extracts. However, anti-VI
      and, particularly, anti-II were much less effective precipitants than antisera
      against Subunits IV to VII or antisera against the holoenzyme. These data suggest
      that the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by cytochrome c oxidase required both
      mitochondrially as well as cytoplasmically made subunits.

PMID- 163235
TI  - Cytochrome c oxidase from bakers' yeast. V. Arrangement of the subunits in the
      isolated and membrane-bound enzyme.
AB  - Cytochrome c oxidase from baker's yeast contains three mitochondrially made
      subunits (I to III) which are relatively hydrophobic and four cytoplasmically
      made subunits (IV to VII) which are relatively hydrophilic (Mason, T. L., Poyton,
      R. O., Wharton, D.C., and Schatz, G. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 1346-1354 and
      Poyton, R. O., and Schatz, G. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 752-761). In order to
      explore the arrangement of these subunits in the holoenzyme, the reactivity of
      each subunit with a variety of "surface probes" was tested with isolated
      cytochrome c oxidase, with cytochrome c oxidase incorporated into liposomes, and
      with mitochondrially bound cytochrome c oxidase. The surface probes included
      iodination with lactoperoxidase and coupling with p-diazonium benzenesulfonate.
      In addition, external subunits were identified by linking them to bovine serum
      albumin carrying a covalently bound isocyanate group. In the membrane-bound
      enzyme, Subunit I was almost completely inaccessible and Subunit II was partly
      inaccessible to all surface probes. All of the other subunits were accessible.
      Similar results were obtained with the solubilized enzyme, except that the
      differences in reactivity between the individual subunits were less clear-cut.
      The results obtained with liposome-bound cytochrome c oxidase resembled those
      obtained with the mitochondrially bound enzyme. These data suggest that the two
      largest mitochondrially made subunits are localized in the interior of the enzyme
      and that they are genuine components of cytochrome c oxidase.

PMID- 163237
TI  - The interaction of histones with simian virus 40 supercoiled circular
      deoxyribonucleic acid in vitro.
AB  - The interaction of supercoiled, circular SV40 DNA with calf thymus histone
      fractions has been studied. Five- to ten-fold less f1 histone is required to
      complex a given amount of DNA compared to the other histones. When the
      supercoiled DNA is converted to either the relaxed circular form, or full length
      linear molecules, or gragmented linear or denatured stands, the efficiency of
      complex formation with f1 histone markedly decreases. We conclude that f1 histone
      has a special ability to interact with supercoiled DNA. This conclusion is
      supported by the fact that supercoiled circular Col E1 DNA interacts with f1 as
      efficiently as does SV40 DNA.

PMID- 163236
TI  - Mitochondrial assembly in respiration-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae. IV. Effects of nuclear amber suppressors on the accumulation of a
      mitochondrially made subunit of cytochrome c oxidase.
AB  - Earlier studies from this laboratory have shown that cytochrome c oxidase from
      bakers' yeast contains seven subunits, three of which are made in the
      mitochondrion (Mason, T. L., and Schatz, G. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 1355).
      Moreover, a cytochrome c oxidase-less  yeast mutant (pet 494-1) was isolated
      which lacked one of the mitochondrially made subunits (Ebner, E., Mason, T. L.,
      and Schatz, G. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 5369). Surprisingly, the mutated gene
      was localized in the nucleus. The results presented here demonstrate that this
      mutant phenotype can be suppressed by nuclear amber suppressors which affect
      translation on cytoplasmic ribosomes. This fact was established by two methods,
      (a) By constructing pet 494-1 strains possessing various amber and ochre markers,
      isolating respiring revertants from these strains, and demonstrating co-reversion
      of the amber (but not of the ochre) markers. (b) By coupling the pet 494-1 allele
      with the well characterized amber suppressor gene SUP 4-3. These data show that
      suppressor genes located on nuclear chromosomes may control the accumulation of a
      mitochondrially synthesized polypeptide. The present results also allow some
      tentative conclusions about the mechanism of the pet 494 mutation. Because it is
      highly unlikely that the cytoplasmic and the mitochondrial translation system
      share a common suppressor, the pet 494 locus probably does not code for the
      missing mitochondrially made subunit, but for a cytoplasmically made protein.
      This as yet unidentified protein seems to control the synthesis or the
      integration of the mitochondrially made subunit. Nuclear suppressor genes may
      thus be useful tools for studying the role of cytoplasmic protein synthesis in
      mitochondrial formation.

PMID- 163238
TI  - The "activated" hepatic glucocorticoid-receptor complex. Its generation and
      properties.
AB  - The glucocorticoid receptor-glucocorticoid complex of the hepatic cytosol need
      undergo an "activation" to enable its binding to nuclei, chromatin, or stripped
      DNA. The conditions of this activation have been studied using native calf thymus
      DNA absorbed to cellulose. At low ionic strength,  activation is very slow at 0
      degrees, but, takes place rapidly at 25 degrees, reaching completion at 1 hour.
      Addition of 10 mm CaCl2 or 150 mm NaCl increases the rate of activation of the
      receptor at 0 degrees. Neither magnesium nor manganese ions can replace  calcium
      with respect to enabling activation of the steroid-receptor complex to occur at
      low temperatures. Isofocusing studies reveal that the major component of the
      unactivated steroid-receptor complex has an isoelectric point of 7.1. Incubation
      of the steroid-receptor complex at 25 degrees for 30 min leads to its conversion
      to a form with an isoelectric point of 6.1 concurrent with the development of its
      ability to bind to DNA-cellulose. Sucrose density gradient analysis reveals that
      no detectable alteration in the sedimentation coefficient of the steroid-receptor
      complex occurs during its activation. MnCl2 (20mm) effeciently precipitates the
      unactivated hormone-receptor complex and to a lesser degree, precipitates the
      activated hormone-receptor complex.

PMID- 163239
TI  - Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. VIII. Receptor activation and
      hormone-dependent binding to purified nuclei.
AB  - A cell-free system prepared from the estrogen-primed chick oviduct was developed
      and used to study the uptake of cytoplasmic progesterone-receptor complex by
      isolated nuclei. The receptor and purified nuclei were shown to be stable at 25
      degrees, but not at 37 degrees. Thus, nuclear incubations were routinely
      performed at 25 degrees. Such incubations revealed greater nuclear uptake of the
      cytoplasmic hormone-receptor complex as compared to control incubations performed
      at 0 degrees. The uptake process showed a quantitative preference for oviduct
      nuclei. No net uptake occurred during 0 degrees incubations when the nuclei were
      preincubated in the absence of cytoplasmic components at 25 degrees. In contrast,
      the temperature requirement was partially removed by preincubation of the hormone
      receptor complex at 25 degrees prior to incubation with nuclei at 0 degrees.
      Nuclear uptake was not accompanied by measurable alterations in the sedimentation
      properties of the progesterone receptor. The activation and nuclear uptake of
      receptor was clearly dependent upon prior binding of steroid hormone to the
      receptor indicating that the active nuclear form of the receptor could not be
      generated in the absence of the hormone. Receptor precipitation with ammonium
      sulfate also partially removed the temperature requirement for nuclear binding.
      In contrast to temperature activation, ammonium sulfate precipitation activated
      the receptor in the absence of hormone. It thus seemed likely that temperature
      and salt activation of receptor occurred via different mechanisms. Although we
      were able to destroy up to 60% of the nuclear DNA content by treatment with DNase
      prior to nuclear incubation, some 80 to 85% of the receptor-binding capacity was
      still present in the treated nuclei. Thus, chick progesterone receptors
      apparently bind to a relatively DNase-resistant portion of the oviduct genome.
      The properties of this system indicate its value for further investigation into
      the initial events of progesterone action in the chick oviduct.

PMID- 163240
TI  - Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. IX. The kinetics of nuclear
      binding.
AB  - A cell-free system was used to study the kinetics of progesterone-receptor
      interaction with purified nuclei prepared from estrogen-primed chick oviducts.
      The binding process was a saturable phenomenon in both target and nontarget
      tissues. More nuclear acceptor sites were available to target tissue (similar to
      9000 sites per oviduct nucleus) than in nontarget tissues (similar to 1000 to
      3000 sites per nucleus), but the binding constant was essentially the same (Kd
      similar to 10-8 M). A second much smaller class of higher affinity sites (Kd
      similar to 10-11M) may exist. Its presence was detected by Scatchard plot
      nonlinearity at very low concentrations of added receptor-hormone complex
      (similar to 10-10 to 10-12M). The current study focused on the prevalent class of
      acceptor sites which was more readily detectable. Receptor binding to these sites
      was highly sensitive to salt. More sites were exposed at 25 degrees than at  0
      degrees. Binding to these sites was inhibited in a nonselective fashion by the
      addition of protein. Although receptors may be activated by temperature or
      conditions of high ionic strength, these conditions could not capacitate more
      than 30 to 40% of the progesterone-receptor proteins for binding. Rate studies
      suggested that temperature plays a minimal role in nuclear uptake of activated
      receptors. Such a finding is consistent with a diffusion-limited uptake process.

PMID- 163241
TI  - Role of metal ions in Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. A study of the metal
      water interaction by nuclear relaxation rate measurements on water protons.
AB  - The binding of metal to alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli and the
      binding of water and orthophosphate to the Me-2+-enzyme binary complex have been
      examined by water proton relaxation rate (PRR) measurements. Titration of the
      three paramagnetic metals, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Co2+, into apoalkaline phosphatase and
      the titrations of apoenzyme into metal have been carried out. Analysis of the
      spin-lattice relaxation rates for these titrations and of Scatchard binding
      curves derived from these results, as well as EPR data, show four tight manganese
      sites, between two and three tight copper sites, or four cobalt sites per enzyme
      dimer of molecular weight 80,000. The multiple sites for each metal are
      indistinguishable by these magnetic resonance techniques. Both the spin-lattice-
      and spin-spin-relaxation rates exhibit a negative temperature coefficient,
      showing that these processes are not exchange-limited. From a frequency
      dependence study of T-1 and from the T-1:T-2 ratio measured at 220 MHz,
      correlation times from the water-enzyme complexes have been estimated. For H20-Mn
      2+-alkaline phosphatase, gamma c equals 1.55 times 10-9 s; for H20-Cu-2+ 
      alkaline phosphatase, gamma c equals 1.82 times 10-s; and for the cobalt complex,
      gamma c equals 1.0 times 10-12 s at 4 degrees. Assuming 1 water molecule bound
      per metal site, these correlation times correspond to the following water-metal
      distances: gamma (A) is 4.0 A for Mn-2+-H20, 3.4 A for Cu-2+-H20, and 2.8 A for
      Co-2+-H20. Thus, water is shown to bind directly to the metal atoms of alkaline
      phosphatase. The correlation between the length of the water-metal bond and the
      relative activity of the various metalloenzymes support the importance of this
      binding in the monophosphoesterase reaction catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase.
      Addition of excess orthophosphate to any of the water-metalloenzyme complexes
      does not displace an exchangeable water molecule from the metal site. The Mn-PO-4
      distance which we have reported earlier (Zukin, R.S., Hollis, D.P., and Gray,
      G.A. (1973) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 53, 238) to be 7.3 A is consistent
      with this finding and suggests a model in which Pi binds to Mn-2+-alkaline
      phosphatase through a water bridge.

PMID- 163242
TI  - The interaction of inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes with 3-methylhistidine-57
      chymotrypsin.
AB  - The inhibition of proteolytic enzymes by protein inhibitors is accompanied by the
      formation of unusually stable complexes. The recognition of a specific substrate
      like amino acid on the inhibitor is believed to be the initial event of the
      inhibitory process. In addition to the interactions involved in the binding of a
      good substrate, a variety of other noncovalent interactions are known to
      stabilize the complex. The formation of stable complexes between several inactive
      derivatives of proteolytic enzymes and a variety of protein inhibitors suggests
      strongly that the formation of any species resembling catalytic intermediates is
      unnecessary for inhibition. We have examined the interaction between several
      avian ovomucoids and alpha-chymotrypsin in which histidine-57 has been converted
      to 3-methylhistidine-57. This derivative is easily prepared and can be isolated
      by affinity chromatography. Methylchymotrypsin retains unaltered its ability to
      bind specific substrates, but is essentially inactive. In spite of this loss of
      enzymatic activity, methylchymotrypsin forms strong complexes with several
      inhibitors. In addition, methylchymotrypsin which has been covalently linked to
      Sepharose is particularly useful for the isolation of protein inhibitors without
      the complications due to isolation of a mixture of partially cleaved forms of the
      inhibitor.

PMID- 163243
TI  - The use of anti-steroid antibodies in the characterization of steroid receptors.

PMID- 163244
TI  - Interaction of flavins with electron-rich metals.
AB  - A complex of the electron-rich ion Cu(I) with the flavoquinone analogue 10
      methylisoalloxazine has been synthesized and characterized by x-ray methods. The
      complex is unstable to oxygen. It is black-green in color, in contrast with the
      bright yellow, orange, or orange-brown crystalline complexes of 10
      methylisoalloxazine or riboflavin with Cu(II), Ag(I), and Pb(II). These results
      are indicative of strong perturbation of the flavin electronic structure by the
      Cu(I) ion and suggest that this complex is a reasonable model for incipient
      transfer of an electron from a reduced metal to flavoquinone. the crystal
      structure is orthorhombic, Pna2-1, with unit cell constants a = 31.24(1) (figures
      in parentheses are estimated standard deviations), b = 12.862(4), c = 6.239(2) A,
      Pobs = 1.76 g per cm-3 and Pcalc = 1.77 g per cm-3 for Z = 4 and asymmetric
      formula CuClO4-2(C11H8N4O2). HCOOH. The final R factor based on 1250 counter
      measured data is 8.8%. The 2 independent 10-methylisoalloxazine molecules, A and
      B, bind strongly to the cuprous ion throug N(5) of each flavin. The copper is
      approximately linearly coordinated with an N-Cu-N angle of 153(1) degrees, and Cu
      N(5) distances of 1.94(2) A and 1.92(2) A. The next nearest atoms to Cu are the
      O(4) oxygens of each flavin, forming weak bonds with distances Cu-O(4) = 2.27(2)
      A and 2.21(2) A for molecules A and B. The dihedral angle between the 2 10
      methylisoalloxazine molecules is 65.4 degrees.

PMID- 163245
TI  - Structure of the active site of carbonic anhydrase as determined by electron spin
      resonance.
AB  - High resolution electron spin resonance spectra of the stepwise formation of CN-
      complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) carbonic anhydrase show that both metal enzymes
      form successive 1:1 and 2:1 addition products with CN- at 112 K. The 1:1 complex
      with the Cu(II) enzyme has a rhombic ESR spectrum similar to the spectra of the
      1:1 complexes of the Cu(II) enzyme with CH3COO-, OCN-, N3-, and SH-. The 1:1
      complex with the CO(II) enzyme shows a broad resonance at 10 K indicating the
      presence of high spin Co(II). Previous optical, ESR, and magnetic susceptibility
      data suggest that the 1:1 complexes are 4-coordinate. At high concentrations of
      13CN- the Cu(II) enzyme forms a 2:1 CN- complex with a shift to an axial ESR
      signal showing ligand nuclear superhyperfine structure from two magnetically
      equivalent equatorial nitrogen nuclei of the protein and two magnetically
      equivalent equatorial carbon ligands from two 13CN- anions. Under the same
      conditions a structurally analogous dicyanide complex of the co(II) enzyme forms
      with the appearance of and axial ESR signal typical of low spin Co(II). Ligand
      nuclear superhyperfine structure shows the presence of an axial protein nitrogen
      as ligand and two magnetically equivalent equatorial carbon ligands from two 13CN
      anions. The dicyanide complexes of the Co(II) and Cu(II) enzymes form completely
      only in frozen solutions and analysis of the ESR spectra show them to have a 5
      coordinate square pyrimidal geometry. Comparison of the ligand superhyperfine
      structure on the ESR signals of both dicyanide complexes shows that there are
      three nitrogen nuclei of the protein present as ligands at the metal binding
      site; one axial and two equatorial in the dicyanide complexes. A transient 5
      coordinate intermediate might play a role in the mechanism of action of carbonic
      anhydrase by facilitating ligand exchange reactions within the inner coordination
      sphere of the Zn(II) ion at the active center.

PMID- 163246
TI  - Refractoriness of cation transport in turkey erythrocytes to stimulation by
      cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate.
AB  - In turkey erythrocytes bidirectional fluxes of sodium and potassium develop a
      time-dependent refractoriness to stimulation by endogenous cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP). The refractoriness of potassium influx and potassium
      outflux (both of which require extracellular sodium and potassium for stimulation
      by cyclic AMP) depends on the extracellular concentrations of sodium and
      potassium. In contrast, the refractoriness developed by sodium outflux (which
      does not require extracellular sodium or potassium for stimulation by cyclic AMP)
      does not depend on the extracellular concentrations of sodium or potassium. The
      refractoriness of these fluxes to cellular cyclic AMP reflects a decrease in the
      amount by which they can be maximally stimulated and appears to be proportional
      to the extent to which the transport system is utilized during the course of the
      incubation. Ouabain significantly reduces the rate at which cation transport in
      turkey erythrocytes becomes refractory to endogenous cyclic AMP. This effect of
      the glycoside is independent of the extracellular concentrations of sodium or
      potassium and does not correlate with how it alters the initial response of the
      transport systems to cyclic AMP.

PMID- 163247
TI  - Adenylate cyclase system of bovine adrenal plasma membranes.
AB  - The adenylate cyclase system present in a preparation enriched in plasma
      membranes derived from bovine adrenal cortex was investigated in considerable
      detail. This system is stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), by
      biologically active analogs of this hormone, and by fluoride ion. The preparation
      contains sodium-potassium- and magnesium-dependent ATPases that are markedly
      inhibited by 50 mM sodium fluoride. Incorporation of a pyruvate phosphokinase ATP
      generating system into the adenylate cyclase assay medium provided constant
      substrate levels. In the presence of the ATP generating system, the rate of
      cyclic AMP formation (basal, fluoride, and ACTH-activated) was proportional to
      enzyme concentration and was linear with time. Proportionality with respect to
      enzyme concentration as concerned the hormone-activated adenylate cyclase was
      achieved only when the ratio of hormone to enzyme protein was kept constant. The
      temperature optimum of the adenylate cyclase, basal or activated, was
      approximately 30 degrees. Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed when the ratio
      of Mg2+ to ATP was approximately 6:1. Both calcium and ethylene glycol bis(beta
      aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid completely inhibited the adenylate
      cyclase system at concentrations of 5 and 0.5 mM, respectively. GTP was
      inhibitory at concentrations of 10-2 M but had little effect at lower
      concentrations. Freezing in liquid nitrogen and storage at -60 degrees exerted
      little effect on the fluoride-stimulated enzyme but lowered hormone stimulated
      activity. Preincubation in the presence of ACTH afforded a high degree of
      stabilization of the enzyme system while preincubation with a biologically
      inactive analog afforded no protection.

PMID- 163248
TI  - Cortisol binding in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Studies of the reversible binding of [3H]cortisol by rat gastrocnemius muscle
      cytoplasm in vitro reveal specific binding in the 27,000 times g supernatant
      fraction at 0 degrees. The [3H]cortisol-binding molecule had an apparant Kd value
      of 1.7 times 10-7 M and the number of binding sites was 0.99 pmol per mg of
      cytosol protein. Only a single class of [3H]cortisol-binding sites could be
      detected, whose protein nature was suggested by its susceptibility to nagarse.
      The [3H]cortisol-protein complex sedimented at similar to 4 S in a 5 to 20%
      sucrose gradient either in the presence or absence of 0.3 M KCl. Binding
      increased more than 2-fold in adrenalectomized rats and was markedly reduced in
      the muscle of rats pretreated with cortisol. In contrast to the binding of
      [3H]dexamethasone and [3H]triamcinolone acetonide to receptor proteins in muscle,
      no correlation was found between the ability of various steroids to complete wtth
      [3H]cortisol binding and their glucocorticoid potency: [3H]cortisol binding was
      inhibited by a 1000-fold higher concentration of unlabeled cortisol and
      progesterone but not by dexamethasone or triamcinolone acetonide. It is therefore
      suggested that the [3H]cortisol-binding reaction is not directly involved in the
      biological effects of all potent glucocorticoids in skeletal muscle. The
      [3H]cortisol-binding protein in muscle cytosol could not be unequivocally
      distinguished from rat plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin, because both had
      similar steroid specificity and temperature stability, were not markedly affected
      by--SH reagents, and displayed similar sedimentation properties.

PMID- 163249
TI  - Purification and properties of stringent factor.
AB  - The stringent factor from Escherichia coli is the product of the relA locus. It
      is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of pppGpp and ppGpp eliciting a
      pyrophosphate transfer from ATP to the 3'--OH of GTP (or GDP). This protein is
      responsible for the synthesis of pppGpp and ppGpp in stringent strains in
      response to an amino acid starvation. In vitro it catalyzes the synthesis of
      these guanosine compounds in either a ribosome-dependent reaction that requires a
      particular conformation of the ribosome i.e. the presence of an uncharged tRNA
      recognizing a codon in the acceptor (A) site of the ribosome or in a ribosome
      independent reaction at temperatures under 30 degrees in the presence of only
      buffer, salts, and substrates. Here we report the purification of the stringent
      factor to near homogeneity. It is a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of
      75,000. The properties of the ribosome-independent reaction are studied and it is
      shown that the presence of certain acidic proteins, such as the 50 S ribosomal
      proteins L7 and L12 or casein, or 20% methanol or both stimulates the reaction by
      creating an environment that together with the low temperature further stabilizes
      the stringent factor.

PMID- 163250
TI  - Aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I of Escherichia coli K12 (lambda).
      Activation by monovalent cations and an analysis of the effect of the adenosine
      triphosphate-magnesium ion complex on this activation process.
AB  - The dehydrogenase activity of the aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I
      complex isolated from Escherichia coli K12 is subject to a cooperative activation
      by K+ or Rb+, which is characterized by a Hill coefficient of approximately 2.
      Ionic strength has little effect on the Hill coefficient for this activation
      process; however, high ionic strength appears to increase the enzyme's affinity
      for K+ and decrease its affinity for Rb+. The Vmax of the K+-activated
      dehydrogenase is greater than that of the Rb+-activated dehydrogenase. The
      results of a study of the competition between K+ and Rb+ in the activation
      process suggest the presence of an activated species containing both K+ and Rb+.
      The cooperative activation by K+ is antagonized by Na+ via a process that is
      noncooperative with respect to Na+. The MgATP-2- complex, a substrate for the
      kinase activity of aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I, has a marked
      effect on the K+ activation of the dehydrogenase activity. Kinetic studies of
      this effect of MgATP-2- on the K+ requirement of the dehydrogenase at pH 8.9
      indicate that: (a) activation by a monovalent cation is essential in the presence
      as well as in the absence of MgATP-2-; (b) the concentration of K+ required to
      activate fully the dehydrogenase is reduced in the presence of MgATP-2-; (c)
      activation of the dehydrogenase by K+ is noncooperative in the presence of MgATP
      2-; and (d) the maximum velocity for the dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of
      homoserine is greater in the presence of MgATP-2- than in its absence. Based on
      these results, a simple model consistent with these data is proposed. Destruction
      of the kinase activity and the threonine sensitivity of the aspartokinase
      homoserine dehydrogenase complex by treatment with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic
      acid) or by incubation at pH 9 also converts the K+ activation of the
      dehydrogenase from a cooperative to a noncooperative process. Marked protection
      of the enzyme against loss of threonine sensitivity at pH 9 is afforded by MgATP
      2- plus K+ and homoserine. The apparent molecular radius of the enzyme complex as
      determined by gel filtration at pH 8.85 in the presence of threonine or MgATP-2-
      plus K+ and homoserine is dependent on the enzyme concentration. The observed
      apparent molecular radii of 70 A at high enzyme concentrations and 61 A at low
      enzyme concentrations are consistent with the enzyme's undergoing a concentration
      dependent dissociation from a tetrameric to a dimeri

PMID- 163251
TI  - Calcium-induced insulin release in monolayer culture of the endocrine pancreas.
      Studies with ionophore A23187.
AB  - The role of Ca2+ on insulin release has been studied by the use of ionophore
      A23187. The ionophore complexes divalent cations and permits Ca2+ entry into
      cells by acting as a carrier in the plasma membranes. Cultured cells obtained by
      enzymatic digestion of pancreases from newborn rats were studied on the 3rd day
      of culture. With Ca2+ in the incubation medium the ionophore induced sustained
      insulin release even in the absence of glucose. Optimal effects of the ionophore
      were observed at 3 and 10 mug per ml in the presence of 0.3 to 1.0 mM Ca-2+.
      Under these conditions the insulin release was greater than that caused by 16.7
      mM glucose. A graded response was observed to changes in Ca-2+ concentration from
      0.1 to 1.0 mM Ca-2+. Higher Ca-2+ concentrations caused a large amount of insulin
      to be released promptly, but the release was not sustained. Mg-2+ and Sr-2+ were
      not found to substitute for Ca-2+. Ba-2+ at 0.3 mM stimulated insulin release
      even in the absence of ionophore. Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate was able
      to increase ionophore-induced insulin release. The alpha-adrenergic effect of
      epinephrine to inhibit insulin release was not observed in the presence of Ca-2+
      and the ionophore, and a stimulatory effect of epinephrine was seen. This unusual
      stimulatory effect of epinephrine was blocked by propranolol indicating a beta
      adrenergic mechanism for epinephrine. It is concluded that Ca-2+, which plays an
      essential role in the stimulus-secretion coupling, can alone initiate and cause
      sustained insulin release.

PMID- 163252
TI  - Studies on cytochrome oxidase. Interactions of the cytochrome oxidase protein
      with phospholipids and cytochrome c.
AB  - 1. By the application of the principle of the sequential fragmentation of the
      respiratory chain, a simple-method has been developed for the isolation of
      phospholipid-depleted and phospholipid-rich cytochrome oxidase preparations. 2.
      The phospholip-rich oxidase contains about 20% lipid, including mainly
      phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and cardiolipin. Its enzymic
      activity is not stimulated by an external lipid such as asolectin. 3. The
      phospholipid-depleted oxidase contains less than 0.1% lipid. It is enzymically
      inactive in catalyzing the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by molecular oxygen.
      This activity can be fully restored by asolectin; and partially restored
      (approximately 75%) by purified phospholipids individually or in combination. The
      activity can be partially restored also by phospholipid mixtures isolated from
      mitochondria, from the oxidase itself, and from related preparations. Among the
      detergents tested only Emasol-1130 and Tween 80 show some stimulatory activity.
      4. The phospholipid-depleted oxidase binds with cytochrome c evidently by
      "protein-protein" interactions as does the phospholipid-rich or the phospholipid
      replenished oxidase to form a complex with the ratio of cytochrome c to heme a of
      unity. The complex prepared from phospholipid-depleted cytochrome oxidase
      exhibits a characteristic Soret absorption maximum at 415 nm in the difference
      spectrum of the carbon monoxide-reacted reduced form minus the reduced form. This
      415-nm maximum is abolished by the replenishment of the complex with a
      phospholipid or by the dissociation of the complex in cholate or in a medium of
      high ionic strength. When ascorbate is used as an electron donor, the complex
      prepared from phospholipid-depleted cytochrome oxidase does not cause the
      reduction of cytochrome a3 which is in dramatic contrast to the complex from the
      phospholipid-rich or the phospholipid-replenished oxidase. However, dithionite
      reduces cytochrome a3 in all of the preparations of the cytochrome c-cytochrome
      oxidase complex. These facts suggest that the action of phospholipid on the
      electron transfer in cytochrome oxidase may be at the step between cytochromes a
      and a3. This conclusion is substantiated by preliminary kinetic results that the
      electron transfer from cytochrome a to a3 is much slower in the phospholipid
      depleted than in phospholipid-rich or phospholipid-replenished oxidase. On the
      basis of the cytochrome c content, the enzymic activity has been found to be
      about 10 times higher in the system with the complex (in the presence of the
      replenishedhe external medium unless energy is provided, and that

PMID- 163253
TI  - Radiolabeling of proteins and viruses in vitro by acetylation with radioactive
      acetic anhydride.
AB  - We describe a convenient, rapid, and reproducible method for labeling proteins in
      vitro by acetylation with [3H] or [14-C]acetic anhydride dissolved in small
      amounts of anhydrous dioxane. The reaction is carried out at neutral pH and does
      not require the use of detergents, water-immiscible organic solvents, oxidizing,
      or reducing agents. Thus undesirable solvent-induced alterations in protein
      structure and biological activity are minimized. A method for calculating the
      specific activity of the protein and the efficiency of acetylation at known
      concentrations of protein and acetic anhydride is presented. Radioacetylated
      proteins were shown to be suitable for use as molecular weight calibration
      standards and as protein markers in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel
      filtration, and enzyme studies. Acetic anhydride was used to label intact
      oncornaviruses, which consist of a complex ribonucleo-protein core within a lipid
      envelope. Some of the viral lipid and all of the viral proteins, including the
      internal ones, were labeled without detectable alterations in viral morphology or
      buoyant density. This result suggests that acetic anhydride, evidently by virtue
      of its small size and neutral charge, penetrates freely throughout the viral
      membrane and core structures. The reactivity of RNA with acetic anhydride was
      less than 1% that of protein under similar reaction conditions.

PMID- 163254
TI  - Specific binding of 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to nuclear components of
      chick intestine.
AB  - Specific binding of 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to macromolecular
      components of small intestinal mucosa nuclei is demonstrated in vitamin D
      deficient chicks. The nuclear 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-macromolecule
      complex was isolated on sucrose density gradients and sediments at 3.7 S in the
      presence of 0.3 M KCl. Agarose gel filtration of the nuclear component indicated
      an apparent molecular weight of 47,000. The nuclear receptor complexes could not
      be distinguished from previously described cytoplasmic 1alpha,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol-binding components by the ultracentrifugation and
      chromatographic procedures employed. The association of the 3-H-sterol with the
      nuclear component is thermolabile and is destroyed by treatment with pronase, but
      not by nucleases; the receptor component is therefore presumed to be a protein.
      The macromolecular-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol complex formed in vivo or
      in vitro at 25 degrees can be extracted from intestinal nuclei by 0.3 M KCl, but
      not by low salt buffers. Smaller amounts of the 3.7 S binding component can be
      detected in isolated purified chromatin or after incubation of 1alpha,25
      dihydroxy[3-H]cholecalciferol with reconstituted cytosol-chromatin at 0 degrees.
      Following incubation of the labeled hormone with reconstituted cytosol-chromatin
      at 0 degrees, 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[3-H]cholecalciferol is primarily associated
      with the cytoplasmic receptor, After shifting the incubation temperature to 25
      degrees, a progressive increase in the concentration of the nuclear receptor
      complex and a concomitant decrease in the concentration of the cytoplasmic
      binding component occur. Thus the 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol binding
      molecules appear to exist primarily in the cytoplasm, where they presumably
      function to transport the hormone into the nucleus. Experiments employing
      incubation of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy[3-H]cholecalciferol with reconstituted cytosol
      chromatin from nontarget tissues indicate a requirement for both intestinal
      cytosol and chromatin for maximal formation of the nuclear hormone-receptor
      complex. These results suggest that the nuclear-binding component arises from
      hormone-dependent transfer of the cytoplasmic 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
      receptor to intestinal chromatin acceptor sites.

PMID- 163255
TI  - Interactions of adrenocorticotropic hormone with its adrenal receptors.
      Degradation of ACTH-1-24 and ACTH-11-24.
AB  - Crude membranes (20,000 times g pellet) prepared from human, rat, and ovine
      adrenals bind 125-I-corticotropin-(1-24)-tetracosapeptide (125-I-ACTH-1-24) and
      degrade unbound hormone. The degradation is dependent on temperature and the
      concentration of membrane proteins. The degradation of 125-I-[9-tryptophan(o
      nitrophenylsulfenyl)]-corticotropin-(1-24)-tetracosapeptide (125-I-NPS-ACTH-1-24)
      is similar to 125-I-ACTH-1-24, but that of 125-I-corticotropin-(11-24)
      tetradecapeptide (125-I-ACTH-1-24 is inhibited by ACTH-1-24 and corticotropin-(1
      10)-decapeptide (ACTH-1-10), but ACTH-11-24 at the same molar concentration has
      no effect. On the other hand, the degradation of 125-I-ACTH-11-24 is protected by
      ACTH-11-24 and ACTH-1-24, but not by ACTH-1-10. This suggests two systems of
      degradation, one will have the NH-2-terminal sequence of ACTH-1-24 as substrate,
      and the other the 11-24 COOH-terminal sequence. The main label product from the
      degradation of the 125-I-ACTH-1-24 and 125-I-ACTH-11-24 behaves as [125
      I]monoiodotyrosine on Sephadex G-50 and paper chromatography. The independence of
      ACTH binding to its receptor and degradation is demonstrated by the following
      facts. (a) Calcium and pancreatic trypsin inhibitor completely inhibit the
      binding at concentrations when the degradation is not altered; (b) the sequences
      of peptides of ACTH which inhibit the binding and degradation of 125-I-ACTH-1-24
      are different.

PMID- 163256
TI  - Covalent binding of 3-pyridinealdehyde nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and
      substrate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3
      phoshate:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC
      1.2.1.12) forms a complex with 3-pyridinealdehyde-NAD which survives
      precipitation with 7% perchloric acid. The molar ratio bound 3-pyridinealdehyde
      NAD to the enzyme is 2.5 to 2.9. Lactate, malate, and alcohol dehydrogenases do
      not form acid-precipitable complexes with 3-pyridinealdehyde-NAD. 3
      Pyridinealdehyde-deamino-NAD or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate also forms an acid
      stable complex with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; however, NAD, 3
      acetylpyridine-NAD, or thionicotinamide-NAD does not produce an acid-stable
      complex. Incubation of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, acetyl phosphate, iodoacetic acid, or iodosobenzoate
      inhibits the formation of the acid-stable complex with 3-pyridinealdehyde-NAD.
      Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or 3-pyridinealdehyde-NAD also prevents
      carboxymethylation of the active site cysteine-149 by[14-C]iodoacetic acid. These
      studies indicate that the aldehyde group of 3-pyridinealdehyde-NAD forms a
      thiohemiacetal linkage with cysteine-149 which is the substrate binding site for
      the dehydrogenase reaction. These findings may account for the fact that 3
      pyridinealdehyde-NAD strongly inhibits the dehydrogenase and esterase activities
      of 3-pyridinealdehyde-NAD forms a thiohemiacetal linkage with cysteine-149 which
      is the substrate binding site for the dehydrogenase reaction. These findings may
      account for the fact that 3-pyridinealdehyde-NAD strongly inhibits the
      dehydrogenase and esterase activities of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      which require reduced cysteine-149. However, the analogue does not inhibit the
      acetyl phosphates activity of the enzyme for which the active site sulfhydryl
      residues must be oxidized.

PMID- 163257
TI  - 4-Nitrocatechol as a colorimetric probe for non-heme iron dioxygenases.
AB  - 4-Nitrocatechol is examined as an active site probe for non-heme iron
      dioxygenases and found to be of value, particularly with those containing iron in
      the Fe(II) oxidation state. 4-Nitrocatechol is astrong competitive inhibitor of
      substrate oxygenation by protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, forming a reversible
      complex with this enzyme, and by pyrocatechase. The number of binding sites per
      enzyme molecule titrated spectrophotometrically with 4-nitrocatechol agrees with
      results from previous studies with either the principal substrate or other
      analogues, as expected of an effective probe. Despite these facts and the
      observation that both enzymes cleave the same substrates at the same carbon
      carbon bond, the optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of
      their 4-nitrocatechol complexes are remarkably different. The 4-nitocatechol
      protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase optical spectra resemble that of the 4
      nitrocatecholate ion shifted 20 to 30 nm to longer wavelength. Concomitant with
      this change the EPR signal centered at g equal 4.28 shows increased rhombicity (g
      values at 4.74, 4.28, and 3.74). In contrast, the spectrum of the 4-nitrocatechol
      pyrocatechase complex has a maximum at the same wavelength as that of a 1:1
      solution of free Fe(II) and 4-nitrocatechol in the absence of enzyme after
      titration of the catecholic protons with base and the g equal 4.28 EPR signal is
      not resolved at liquid N-2 temperature. These changes are interpreted as
      resulting in part from a pronounced change in the ligand fields about the irons
      at the active sites which in the case of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase leads to
      enzyme inactivation. The results also are the first indication that substrate
      analogues change their ionization form upon complexation with Fe (III)
      dioxygenases. The interaction of the probe with metapyrocatechase, an Fe(III)
      containing dioxygenase, and with several additional oxygenases and
      hydroperoxidases is also briefly examined. The probe is not specific for any
      particular class of non-heme iron dioxygenases.

PMID- 163258
TI  - Electron microscopic studies of proteoglycan aggregates from bovine articular
      cartilage.
AB  - Proteoglycan aggregates from bovine articular cartilage have been visualized by
      electron microscopy of mixed proteoglycan-cytochrome c monolayers. The
      proteoglycan aggregates consist of proteoglycan subunits arising laterally at
      fairly regular intervals (20 to 30 nm) from the opposite sides of an elongated
      filamentous structure. The filamentous backbone in individual aggregates varies
      in length from 400 to 4000 nm. The individual proteoglycan subunits in the
      aggregate vary in length from 100 to 400 nm. However, there is no difference in
      the average size of the proteoglycan subunits associated with the largest or
      smallest aggregates. The sizes of the individual aggregates are determined mainly
      by the lengths of their filamentous backbones. The stoichiometry of binding of
      subunits to filament, calculated from the data reported here, is close to that
      for the binding of subunits to hyaluronic acid reported by others.

PMID- 163259
TI  - Structural determination of the sialic acid polysaccharide antigens of Neisseria
      meningitidis serogroups B and C with carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The application of 13-C nuclear magnetic resonance to the analysis of some sialic
      acid-containing meningococcal polysaccharide antigens is described. Complete
      assignments of the spectra of both the native serogroup B and the de-O-acetylated
      serogroup C polysaccharides have been made. These assignments were based on the
      corresponding data for some related monomers (sialic acid and its alpha-and beta
      methylglycosides) and on supportive chemical evidence. The data indicate that the
      serogroup B polysaccharide is a 2 yields 8-alpha-linked homopolymer of sialic
      acid, identical in structure with colominic acid from Escherichia coli, whereas
      the de-O-acetylated serogroup C polysaccharide is a 2 yield 9-alpha-linked
      homopolymer. The native serogroup C polysaccharide is O-acetylated (1.16 mol of O
      acetyl per sialic acid residue), all the O-acetyl substituents being located only
      at C-7 and C-8 of the sialic acid residues, and in addition contains unacetylated
      residues (24%). The polysaccharide contains di-O-acetylated residues (O-acetyl on
      C-7 and C-8), and at least one of the possible monoacetylated residues at C-7 or
      C-8.

PMID- 163261
TI  - Sclerosteosis. A case report.

PMID- 163260
TI  - Labeling of soybean agglutinin by oxidation with sodium periodate followed by
      reduction with sodium [3-H]borohydride.
AB  - Periodate oxidation of soybean agglutinin, a glycoprotein lectin, resulted in
      destruction of up to 5 out of the 9 mannose residues present in each of its
      subunits (MW 30,000) without any loss of hemagglutinating activity. The oxidation
      did, however, abolish the interaction of soybean agglutinin with concanvalin A,
      as measured by quantitative precipitation. Reduction with sodium [3-H]borohydride
      of soybean agglutinin in which 4 out of 9 mannose residues per subunit were
      oxidized, afforded a radioactive product which retained full hemagglutinating
      activity and was indistinguishable from the native lectin by gel filtration, gel
      electrophoresis, and affinity chromatography. These results establish that the
      integrity of the carbohydrate side chain of soybean agglutinin is not essential
      for the biological activity of the lectin, and suggest a general method for the
      preparation of radioactive glycoprotein lectins.

PMID- 163262
TI  - Pituitary-adrenal activity in untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 163263
TI  - Plasma aldosterone and renin activity response to ACTH infusion in dexamethasone
      suppressed normal and sodium-depleted man.

PMID- 163264
TI  - Plasma immunoreactive T3, TSH and ACTH before and after provocative tests in
      idiopathic hypopituitary dwarfism.

PMID- 163265
TI  - Cortisol metabolism and the pituitary-adrenal axis in adults with protein-calorie
      malnutrition.

PMID- 163266
TI  - Lipid composition of bovine serum lipoproteins.
AB  - The four classes of lipoproteins (one of very low density, two of low density,
      and one of high density) were isolated from the serum of a lactating Friesian
      cow. The proportions of protein and of the different lipid classes were
      determined in each lipoprotein. Triglycerides predominated in the very low
      density lipoprotein, and cholesteryl esters and phospholipids in the others. The
      triglycerides of the very low density lipoprotein were richer in oleic acid than
      were those of the low density lipoproteins, but its cholesteryl esters were
      relatively poorer in linoleic and linolenic acid than were those of any of the
      others. Phytanic acid (3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethylhexadecan-1-oic acid) was in all
      lipoproteins except those of very low density; it was not in cholesteryl esters
      but was abundant in triglycerides, particularly in those of the low density
      lipoproteins. Hydrolysis of the triglycerides of very low density lipoprotein
      with pancreatic lipase showed that 82% of their stearic acid was esterified to
      the 1- and 3-positions of glycerol and that 64% of their palmitic acid was
      esterified to the 2-position.

PMID- 163267
TI  - Epidemiology of vaginal adenocarcinoma and adenosis: current status.

PMID- 163269
TI  - Presentation of the Camille Mermod Award, 1974.

PMID- 163268
TI  - Repair of damage induced by ultraviolet radiation in mutator T-1 Escherichia coli
      transductants.

PMID- 163270
TI  - The Elizabeth Blackwell Annual Award, 1974.

PMID- 163272
TI  - Letter: Personal cleanliness and health.

PMID- 163271
TI  - The Harry Bakwin Memorial Lectures (New York University School of Medicine).

PMID- 163273
TI  - Collagenase as an aid in healing.

PMID- 163274
TI  - The use of the haemagglutination-inhibition test for detecting antibodies to type
      SAT 2 foot-and-mouth disease viruses in cattle sera.
AB  - Two strains of type SAT 2-foot-and-mouth disease virus which gave high titres of
      haemagglutinin activity reacted type-specifically in direct haemagglutination
      inhibition tests with reference, bovine convalescent antisera. Comparisons of the
      haemagglutination-inhibition and the serum neutralization tests using cattle sera
      showed that both were equally specific and sensitive for detecting virus
      antibody.

PMID- 163276
TI  - In vitro detection of immune responses to MTV-induced mammary tumors: qualitative
      differences in response detected by time studies.
AB  - Both BALB/cfC3H females neonatally infected with mammary tumor virus (MTV) and
      MTV-free BALB/c females possess spleen cells capable of significant activity
      against target-MTV-induced mammary tumor cells in in vitro microcytotoxicity
      tests. The responses of the BALB/cfC3H and BALB/c females are different, however,
      on the basis of time studies. Further, the reactivity characteristic of virgin
      BALB/cfC3H females is increased in parous females, and part of this reactivity is
      subsequently lost in multiparous females bearing large tumors. BALB/cfC3H females
      possess reactive spleen cells as early as 3 weeks of age, indicating that
      response to MTV antigens develops soon after birth in these neonatally infected
      mice.

PMID- 163275
TI  - The effects of humoral, cellular and non-specific immunity on intracerebral
      Bordetella pertussis infections in mice.
AB  - When mice were injected intracerebrally with doses of Bordetella pertussis
      vaccine greater than 5 ImD 50 and challenged intracerebrally 14 days later with
      virulent B. pertussis there was an immediate reduction in the numbers of
      organisms. An analysis of this in vivo bactericidal effect has shown that large
      doses of an unrelated vaccine, Salmonella typhosa, equivalent in cell mass to
      about 50 ImD 50 of B. pertussis vaccine can achieve this effect, so for such
      doses the effect must be partly non-specific. This action is not maintained and
      so is not ultimately protective. Local immunoglobulin was also demonstrable 14
      days after 300 ImD 50 of B. pertussis vaccine but following smaller doses of 10
      20 ImD 50 it could not be found until after the mice had been infected and the
      blood-brain barrier impaired. A similar immediate reduction in the numbers of
      infecting organisms inoculated 1 day after vaccination has been shown to follow
      very small, non-protective doses of vaccines unrelated to B. pertussis and to be
      achieved with lipopolysaccharide and endotoxin isolated from B. pertussis. Brains
      were not sterilized and only in mice receiving protective B. pertussis vaccine
      was the lowering of infection maintained beyond 2 days and the brains eventually
      sterilized. The antibody passively protecting mice against intracerebral
      infection was found in the 19S and 11 S globulin fractions of the serum of once
      vaccinated mice and in the 11 S and 7 S fractions of the serum of rabbits and
      ascitic fluid of mice receiving repeated doses of vaccine. The IgM probably
      eliminated infections by immediate sterilization but had to be present locally to
      do so since it was unable to pass from the circulation into the brain, and was
      therefore inactive when injected intraperitoneally. The IgA and IgG were not so
      restricted and both the 11 S and 7 S globulins were capable of exerting an
      immediate suppressive effect on infecting organisms. The 7 S globulin was also
      capable of a maintained or delayed suppressive effect. Lymphocytes from fully
      protected once-vaccinated mice, transferred 2-3 weeks after intraperitoneal
      vaccination, were able to confer some protection when injected intraperitoneally
      or intracerebrally into recipient mice infected 2 weeks after transfer.
      Homologous, non-concentrated antiserum from once-vaccinated mice, injected
      intraperitoneally 1 hr. before infection sometimes augmented the transferred
      immunity, whereas alone it was inactive.

PMID- 163277
TI  - Immunopathology of mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection. Role of humoral and
      cell-mediated immunity in resistance mechanisms.
AB  - Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were studied in resistant and
      susceptible strains of mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus type III (MHV 3).
      Virus was maintained by regular passages in susceptible DBA/2 mice and assayed in
      DBA/2 mice by LD-50 determination. Normal resistant A strain mice were able to
      clear the virus from liver, brain, and serum within 7 days after infection. No
      neutralizing antibody was found. Transfer of serum from immunized A strain mice
      was not effective in protecting susceptible DBA/2 mice against challenge with
      virus. In A strain animals resistance to MHV-3 developed rapidly during the 3rd
      week of life. During the period of susceptibility, newborns were protected
      neither by transplacental passages of anti-MHV-3 antibodies nor by injection of
      "educated" thymus cells.

PMID- 163278
TI  - In vitro studies on the cellular immune response of tumor-bearing mice to SV40
      transformed cells.
AB  - Specific cell-mediated immunity to SV 40 tumor-specific transplantation antigen
      (TSTA) in mice undergoing tumorigenesis by syngeneic SV 40-transformed BALB/C
      cells was investigated by the macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) and
      transplantation rejection tests. Specific cellular reactivity to SV40 TSTA could
      be demonstrated in BALB/c mice early after tumor cell inoculation. This activity
      was no longer detectable during the later stages of tumor growth but was again
      demonstrable 2 weeks after tumor excision. Addition of an equal number of non
      reactive peritoneal exudate (PE) cells from tumor-bearing mice to PE cells from
      mice immune to SV40 TSTA specifically abrogated the reactivity of the latter
      cells to soluble SV40 TSTA. When lymphoid cells with blocking activity were
      cultured in vitro they not only lost their blocking capacity but also regained
      their reactivity to SV40 TSTA in the MMI test. These findings indicate that tumor
      bearing hosts possess lymphocytes specifically sensitized to the TSTA of the
      tumor and that the specific reactivity of these cells can be regained after
      culture in vitro.

PMID- 163279
TI  - Modulation of in vivo antibody responses by cholera toxin.
AB  - Treatment of mice with an exotoxin (0.01 mug to 1.0 mug) purified from Vibrio
      cholerae culture filtrates markedly influenced the immune response to sheep
      erythrocytes (SRBC) and the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
      Simultaneous administration of the toxin (CT) with antigen resulted in a delayed
      appearance of antibody plaque-forming cells (PFC) during the first few days after
      immunization, followed by a marked enhancement of both IgM and IgG PFC. The
      secondary immune response to SRBC was also similarly affected when CT was given
      together with a second inoculation of SRBC; i.e., a delay in appearance of
      hemolytic PFC followed by a markedly enhanced IgM and IgG PFC response. Treatment
      of mice with cholera toxin 1 to 3 days before SRBC or LPS was immunosuppressive.
      The effect of CT on the level of splenic cyclic AMP appeared related to the
      effects on antibody formation.

PMID- 163280
TI  - The modulation of spontaneous and anti-Ig-stimulated motility of lymphocytes by
      cyclic nucleotides and adrenergic and cholinergic agents.
AB  - Translational movement in B lymphocytes was stimulated by anti-Ig antibody. Drugs
      that are presumed to elevate cyclic AMP stopped this stimulated motility. Such
      was the case with dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline, cholera enterotoxin, and
      isoproterenol, a beta adrenergic agonist. Conversely, in the absence of anti
      immunoglobulin antibody, cyclic GMP and the cholinergic drugs acetylcholine and
      carbamylcholine increased spontaneous motility of lymphocytes, with the B class
      of lymphocytes demonstrating greater responsiveness. The increase in motility
      brought about by cholinergic drugs was totally stopped by atropine, suggesting
      that the B lymphocyte surface contains a cholinergic receptor. The inhibition of
      anti-immunoglobulin-stimulated movement produced by cyclic AMP was not observed
      if the cells were first incubated with colchicine, the microtubular-disrupting
      drug. This suggests that the cyclic AMP-decreased motility was brought about by
      the increased stabilization of microtubules. Lymphocyte motility was dissociable
      from other early events subsequent to binding of anti-immunoglobulin antibodies:
      patching, capping, and endocytosis of complexes were unaffected by cyclic AMP,
      cyclic GMP, or drugs of the adrenergic or cholinergic systems.

PMID- 163281
TI  - Induction of lymphocyte cytotoxicity by modification of the effector or target
      cells with periodate or with neuraminidase and galactose oxidase.
AB  - Treatment of mouse spleen cells with periodate (NaIO4) or with neuraminidase and
      galactose oxidase (NAGO) induces blastogenesis and renders the cells cytotoxic to
      mastocytoma (P815) target cells. Treatment of target cells (P815 cells and turkey
      erythrocytes) with NaIO4 or with NAGO renders them susceptible to cytolysis by
      untreated mouse spleen cells. The cytotoxicity induced by NaIO4 is reduced upon
      reacting the NaIO4-treated, effector or target cells with borohydride or
      hydroxylamine. Thus the formation of free surface aldehydes on either the
      effector or target cell induced a cytotoxic effect. It is postulated that cross
      linkage via a Schiff base between effector and target cell initiates the
      cytotoxic effect. Cytotoxicity induced by NaIO4 or NAGO is immunologically
      nonspecific and is independent of major antigenic differences between effector
      and target cells. Phagocytic cells are not involved in NaIO4-or NAGO-induced
      cytotoxicity toward P815 target cells.

PMID- 163282
TI  - The initiation of mast cell degranulation: activation at the cell membrane.
AB  - The low molecular weight mast cell activator, polymyxin B, has been covalently
      bound to an insoluble matrix of Sepharose 4B. It has been demonstrated that mast
      cells in preparations of rat peritoneal cells bind to Sepharose 4B-polymyxin B
      beads but not to control beads. The bound cells are stimulated to degranulate by
      this interaction at the cell membrane with the resultant release of biogenic
      amines.

PMID- 163283
TI  - Quantitative aspects of the production of superoxide radicals by phagocytizing
      human granulocytes.
AB  - The production of superoxide radicals (O2-) by human granulocytes after
      phagocytosis of latex particles has been studied as a function of cell, latex,
      and cytochrome c concentration. Under the chosen conditions, latex phagocytosis
      stimulated the reduction of cytochrome c by O2- sevenfold to 420 mumoles per 10
      10 granulocytes per hour. At high cytochrome c concentrations, this value
      increased to 800 to 1,000 mumoles per 10-10 granulocytes per hour. These amounts
      suggest that O2- plays an important role in the formation of H2O2 during the
      phagocytic process. We propose that the extra oxygen consumed in the respiratory
      burst is first reduced to O2-, possibly by ascorbate, before being converted to
      H2O2. No stimulation of the superoxide radical formation was found in the
      phagocytizing granulocytes of two patients with chronic granulomatous disease,
      and intermediate values were found for the heterozygotes of this deficiency.

PMID- 163285
TI  - A radioisotopic assay for proline oxidase activity.
AB  - We developed a radioisotopic assay for proline oxidase in which product deltal
      pyrroline-5-carboxylate-14-C is reacted with o-aminobenzaldehyde and the
      radioactivity trapped as the dihydroquinazolinium compound is recovered by ion
      exchange chromatography. The sensitivity of this method allows the measurement of
      proline oxidase activity in small specimens (10 to 20 mg.) of liver.

PMID- 163284
TI  - The transport of triglyceride in the high-density lipoproteins of human plasma.
AB  - The metabolism of the small pool of triglyceride in human high-density
      lipoproteins (HDL) has been studied. In 28 postabsorptive and unmedicated
      subjects the previously reported reciprocal relationships between the
      concentration of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids and HDL cholesterol
      was confirmed. It was also found that the HDL triglyceride correlated positively
      and significantly with the concentration of VLDL triglyceride, and there was a
      significant negative correlation between the concentrations of triglyceride and
      cholesterol in HDL. Five normal and 3 hypertriglyceridemic subjects were given
      5,000 units of heparin intravenously. Not only was there a pronounced reduction
      in VLDL triglyceride, but there was a 60 to 80 per cent reduction in HDL
      triglyceride; the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride was unchanged. To
      test a possible precursor-product relationship between the triglyceride pools in
      VLDL and HDL, 5 subjects were given an intravenous pulse injection of (14-C)
      palmitic acid. The specific activity-time curves of triglyceride in VLDL and HDL
      did not conform to a typical precursor-product relationship; rather the HDL curve
      reached its peak well before it crossed the VLDL curve, quite compatible with an
      origin of HDL triglyceride which was independent of VLDL. However, when the
      lipoproteins of density smaller than 1.006 (VLDL and chylomicrons) were labeled
      in the intestine after an oral tracer dose of (3-H)-palmitic acid in 2 subjects,
      the relationship of the triglyceride labeling in HDL to that in d smaller than
      1.006 lipoproteins was very similar to the relationship observed after the
      intravenous dose. Although an independent intestinal origin of HDL triglyceride
      could not be excluded, this result did suggest that the labeling of triglyceride
      in d smaller than 1.006 lipoproteins and in HDL was related and was consistent
      with a transfer from the larger lipoproteins to the HDL. In three subjects given
      a constant intravenous infusion of (3-H)-palmitic acid, the specific activity of
      triglyceride in VLDL became constant after 3 to 4 hours; it also became constant
      in the HDL after about 4 hours but at a level of only 40 to 70 per cent of the
      VLDL level. It appeared that 30 to 60 per cent of the HDL triglyceride was either
      derived from an unlabeled source or else turned over too slowly to become labeled
      to any extent during the infusions. Whatever the explanation, the same phenomenon
      would be likely to influence the level of the peak specific activity of HDL
      triglyceride after the pulse intravenous injections of label. It is possible that
      the specific activity of the "labeled" fraction of HDL triglyceride may have
      reached its peak at the point at which it crossed the VLDL curve, which would be
      consistent with a precursor-product relationship between VLDL and one fraction of
      the HDL triglyceride. It has been concluded that HDL triglyceride is
      heterogeneous and includes at least one pool, possibly transferred from VLDL,
      which is relatively rapidly turning over.

PMID- 163286
TI  - A case of oropharyngeal chordoma.
AB  - A case of cervical chordoma without vertebral involvement is presented. The
      diffculty in histological diagnosis is described. Treatment by radiotherapy and
      surgery is described and discussed.

PMID- 163287
TI  - Deoxypyrimidine kinases of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2: comparison of
      serological and structural properties.
AB  - The kinetics of formation, the stability at 40 degrees C and the serological
      properties of thymidine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase activities induced by
      herpes simplex virus have been examined. The results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that both activities are carried on the same molecule-a
      deoxypyrimidine kinase. Mutants deficient in deoxypyrimidine kinase have been
      used to produce, by absorption of general antisera, deoxypyrimidine kinase
      specific antisera. Using immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, only one size of polypeptide (mol. wt. 42400 plus or minus 200)
      has been found, constituting the type 2 enzyme. This is close to published values
      for the type i enzyme but co-electrophoresis demonstrated that the polypeptide of
      the type i enzyme was slightly bigger.

PMID- 163288
TI  - Electron microscopic studies on assembly of herpes simplex virus upon removal of
      hydroxyurea block.
AB  - The release of hydroxyurea-treated, herpes simplex virus-infected cells from the
      drug-induced block resulted in the prompt assembly of infectious virus. Electron
      microscope observations at sequential intervals following removal of the drug
      revealed considerable synchrony of replication. This synchrony permitted stages
      in the complex process of core assembly to be examined in detail. The data
      suggest that after partial or complete assembly the nucleoprotein enters the
      differentiated capsid to become enfolded.

PMID- 163289
TI  - Virus development in enucleate cells: echovirus, poliovirus, pseudorabies virus,
      reovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and Semliki Forest virus.
AB  - A group of RNA viruses, echovirus, poliovirus, reovirus, respiratory syncytial
      virus and Semliki Forest virus have been examined for ability to grow in
      enucleate African green monkey kidney (BSCi) cells. Semliki Forest virus produced
      an almost normal yield of virus but poliovirus, echovirus, reovirus and
      respiratory syncytial virus, although showing clear evidence of virus replication
      when compared with a nuclear DNA virus (pseudorabies virus) gave much lower
      yields than those from nucleate cells. Analysis of enucleate cells infected with
      echovirus and reovirus showed no evidence of a specific block in the synthesis of
      any virus-specified polypeptide. Infection with vesicular stomatitis virus at
      intervals after enucleation demonstrated a diminishing ability to support virus
      growth with increasing time. It is suggested that the yield of virus obtained
      from an enucleate cell is related to the length of the growth cycle of the virus,
      the reduced yield obtained with some viruses reflecting the declining ability of
      the enucleate cell to support virus growth.

PMID- 163290
TI  - Effect of interferon on induction of S antigen by polyoma virus in BHK 21 cells.
AB  - A new surface antigen (S antigen) can be detected by immunofluorescence during
      the abortive transformation of hamster cells by polyoma virus. It was found that
      addition of interferon greatly reduces the percentage of cells positive for S
      antigen.

PMID- 163291
TI  - Modifications in soluble protein kinase and cyclic-AMP binding capacity of
      developing rat brain.

PMID- 163292
TI  - Uptake of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose into cultured human glioma cells.

PMID- 163293
TI  - Functional compartments of adenine nucleotides serving as precursors of adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate in mouse cerebral cortex.

PMID- 163294
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in guinea pig cerebral cortical slices:
      possible regulation of phosphodiesterase activity by cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate and calcium ions.

PMID- 163295
TI  - Protein kinases in myelin of rat brain: solubilization and characterization.

PMID- 163296
TI  - Gangliosides of the bovine neurohypophysis.

PMID- 163297
TI  - A glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor in the chick optic tectum.

PMID- 163298
TI  - Nerve supply and experimental myotonia in rats.
AB  - 20, 25-Diazacholesterol does not induce myotonia in denervated mammalian skeletal
      muscle, and cordotomy also renders the muscles resistant to the induction of
      myotonia. Denervation of muscle already rendered myotonic, has no effect on the
      intensity of the phenomenon. Finally, tenotomy and posterior rhizotomy leave the
      myotonic activity in the "deafferentated" muscles unchanged. These findings are
      discussed in relation to "trophic" influences of the motor pathways on the
      postsynaptic structures of skeletal muscle.

PMID- 163299
TI  - Stages in fibre breakdown in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. An electron-microscopic
      study.
AB  - A scheme is presented which divides the process of fibre breakdown in Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy into 5 sequential stages. In Stage 1 the fibre appears
      superficially normal although there are subtle changes in the relative volumes of
      the fibre components. In Stage 2 localised overcontraction of the myofibrils
      results in excessive stretching of the sarcomeres in other regions of the fibre.
      This continuing process results in the formation of contraction clumps in which
      the contractile filaments form an increasingly homogeneous mass. By the final
      stage the normal structural features of the fibre have completely disappeared and
      it is invaded by macrophages. It is suggested that the central process of
      myofibril clumping results from a localised inability of the sarcomeres to relax
      which implies a defect in the mitochondria, Z-line or sarcoplasmic reticulum.
      This is discussed in relation to other workers' findings of a decrease in the
      calcium-accumulating capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy.

PMID- 163300
TI  - Rebound phenomenon complicating cerebral dehydration with glycerol. Case report.
AB  - A patient with glioblastoma multiforme of the brain was treated with both
      intravenous and oral glycerol as well as intravenous mannitol in an attempt to
      reduce increased intracranial pressure. After an initial lowering of the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure to near normal values during continuous
      glycerol administration, a secondary rise in CSF pressure above the initial level
      occurred despite a persistent elevation of plasma osmolality (315 mOsm/kg) and
      glycerol level (30 mmole/l). Similarly, 4 hours after the administration of a
      single oral dose of glycerol, CSF pressure increased to levels higher (700 mm
      H2O) than the original baseline (400 mm H2O).

PMID- 163301
TI  - Uptake of 99mTc bone-scanning agent by lungs with metastatic calcification.
AB  - Uptake of 99mTc bone-scanning agent into lungs containing metastatic
      calcification was demonstrated in a patient with a carcinosarcoma of the bladder.
      This gives further support to the hypothesis that 99mTc bone agents are
      associated with hydroxyapatite.

PMID- 163302
TI  - Effects of semistarvation on rat liver, kidney, and heart mitochondrial function.
AB  - Two groups of rats were provided simultaneously with a commercial stock diet for
      a period of 7 days. One group was fed ad libitum (control), and the other was
      restricted to one-fourth of the daily intake of control animals (semistarved).
      Body weight declined significantly in semistarved rats whereas body weight of
      controls increased over the 7-day period. The following were determined in vitro
      on mitochondria isolated from liver, kidney, and heart tissues of both groups:
      substrate-stimulated and DNP-uncoupled respiratory rates; specific acivities of
      the Krebs cycle dehydrogenases, and cytochrome c oxidase. Degradative effects of
      reduced food intake on mitochondrial function were observed. Uncoupled
      respiratory rates of liver and kidney mitochondria (using succinate as substrate)
      and heart mitochondria (using alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate) were lower. Also
      lower were activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADP: isocitrate
      dehydrogenases, transhydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c
      oxidase of heart mitochondria, transhdrogenase of liver mitochondria, and
      isocitrate dehydrogenase and transhydrogenase of kidney mitochondria. Such
      decreases in enzyme activities under conditions of dietary protein deficiency
      might have their basis in breakdown rates exceeding synthesis rates or result
      from partial inactivation of existing enzyme protein. Thus, there is evidence
      that responses to semistarvation of such parameters of mitochondrial function may
      differ among various tissues. In addition, liver and kidney citrate levels were
      lower and heart citrate level higher with semistarvation.

PMID- 163303
TI  - Effects of diet on lipoprotein lipase activity in the rat.

PMID- 163304
TI  - Case 11, Part 2.  Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry's disease).
AB  - A case of Fabry's disease is reported.  The patient had multiple supernumerary,
      impacted, and unerupted teeth and other developmental abnormalities of the facial
      skeleton.  The patient tolerated surgical removal of impacted and unerupted teeth
      without complications.  However, this did not relieve the facial pain.  The
      expected prognosis of this patient will be a continued vascular and renal
      degeneration with death probable before the age of 50 years if the disease is
      untreated.  Currently, the patient is being considered as a possible candidate
      for renal transplantation.

PMID- 163306
TI  - Galactokinase deficiency presenting as pseudotumor cerebri.

PMID- 163305
TI  - The role of adenoviruses in the pertussis syndrome.
AB  - To define the role of adenoviruses in the pertussis syndrome, a study was done of
      a group of 134 children with clinical pertussis and a healthy control population
      of similar age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status. Adenovirus infections
      occurred in 30 (22.4%) of 134 patients with the pertussis syndrome and 5 (4.9%)
      of 101 control subjects (p smaller than 0.001). B. pertussis was recovered from
      46 (34.3%) patients, and from 18 (39.1%) of these patients adenoviruses were also
      isolated. Although adenovirus infections also occurred in patients with the
      pertussis syndrome with negative cultures for B. pertussis, the rate, 12 of 88
      patients (13.6%), was significantly lower (p smaller than 0.001). The clinical
      course was similar irrespective of the results of bacterial or viral cultures.
      These data substantiate the frequent association of adenoviruses with the
      pertussis syndrome, It would appear that adenoviruses do not usually have an
      independent role in the pathogenesis of the pertussis syndrome since we found
      them so commonly to be one agent in a mixed infection.

PMID- 163307
TI  - Plasma lipid values and lipoprotein patterns during adolescence in boys.
AB  - Lipid studies were performed on fasting plasma samples in 214 healthy adolescent
      boys, 11-19 years of age. Ranges of normal values for plasma cholesterol and
      triglyceride concentrations, and normal lipoprotein patterns were established for
      this age group. The boys were grouped according to puberty rating. A significant
      increase in triglyceride values was obtained with adolescent maturity. Plasma
      cholesterol values did not change with age or puberty rating. One boy had
      hypercholesterolemia and a lipoprotein pattern consistent with Type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia (Fredrickson). Seventeen boys, all of whom had reached
      adolescent maturity, had elevated triglyceride values and a marked increase in
      pre-beta-lipoprotein. It appears from this study that increased concentrations of
      triglyceride and Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia of Fredrickson may be detected as
      boys reach maturity at adolescence.

PMID- 163308
TI  - A laboratory procedure for copperplating rubber base impressions.
AB  - A method for producing electroformed copper dies from rubber base impressions has
      been described. Castings made by the use of such dies have met the standards set
      by several critical dentists.

PMID- 163309
TI  - Luteoma of pregnancy: report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - A case of a unilateral, non-virilizing pregnancy luteoma in a 28 year old
      Caucasian female resulted in good health more than six years after removal of the
      lesion. Theories on the histogenesis of the lesion are briefly recounted and the
      literature is reviewed. This case appears to be number 62 in the world
      literature.

PMID- 163310
TI  - Modification of nuclear restriction in vitro by plasma from tumor-bearing
      animals.
AB  - Putative regulatory macromolecules, which may be useful in diagnosis or tumor
      detection, were identified in the peripheral blood plasma of tumor-bearing
      animals. We monitored the components by measuring their ability to stimulate
      messenger RNA (mRNA) release from isolated nuclei in a cell-free system of rat
      liver nuclei in fortified homologous cytosol. This in vitro test system exhibited
      near-normal in vivo nuclear RNA restriction. When added to the assay at a protein
      concentration of 3.0 mg/ml, dialyzed plasma from rats or mice with chemically
      induced transplantable or primary tumors stimulated mRNA release from 87% to more
      than 300% over control plasma from normal rats. Plasma from partially
      hepatectomized rats stimulated only 26% over control plasma. The test system
      derived from rat liver seemed to permit the monitoring of plasma from other
      species. Available evidence, particularly relating to tumor-host-interaction,
      suggests, but does not prove, that regulatory components are released from the
      tumor cells to the circulation.

PMID- 163311
TI  - Effect of beta-oxidized nitrosamines on syrian hamsters. III. 2,2'-Dihydroxydi-n
      propylnitrosamine.
AB  - 2, 2-Dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine (DHPN), an assumed metabolite of di-n
      propylnitrosamine (DPN), injected subcutaneously once weekly for life, was
      carcinogenic in Syrian hamsters. The main target organs were the respiratory
      tract, pancreas, liver, and kidneys. In the respiratory system the most affected
      segments were the nasal cavities and the lungs. Adenomas and adenocarcinomas,
      mostly of ductal origin, were induced in the pancreas. Liver neoplasms were
      hemangloendotheliomas, angiosarcomas, hepatocellular adenomas, cholangiomas, and
      cholangiocarcinomas. Kidney neoplasms were adenomas and adenocarcinomas. The
      morphology of the induced neoplasms was described, as well as the effects of
      DHPN, compared to those another possible metabolite of DPN, 2-hydroxypropyl-n
      propylnitrosamine (2-HPPN), which is formed in vivo with only 1 aliphatic chain
      degraded via theta-oxidation.

PMID- 163312
TI  - Immunization of Rous sarcoma virus-inoculated marmosets with BCG and transformed
      allogeneic cells.
AB  - The effects of specific immunotherapy with allogeneic cells transformed by
      Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus (SR-RSV), of treatment with BCG, and of surgery
      on the growth of SR-RSV-induced sarcomas in white-lipped marmosets were studied.
      Tumor incidence, tumor progression, and survival did not differ between control
      and treated animals. Animals immunized with BCG developed lymphocyte reactivity
      to tuberculin, which remained until the animals died. BCG was isolated from the
      spleen of one tumor-bearing animal.

PMID- 163313
TI  - Effect of a normal serum protein absent from hepatoma-bearing animals on cell
      cultures.
AB  - The effect of a serum factor purified from normal rat serum on growth and
      incorporation of 3-H-thymidine and 3-H-leucine was investigated with the use of
      3T3 and L cells. The factor was not present in serum of hepatoma-bearing animals
      at a time when the weight of the hepatomas was equal to or greater than liver
      weight. The factor disappeared gradually from the serum of hepatoma-bearing
      animals, and the disappearance was proportional to the increase in the size of
      the hepatomas. Diminished amounts of the factor could be detected as early as 10
      days after hepatoma transplant, and the factor was absent at 30 days after
      hepatoma transplant from the serum of rats bearing hepatoma 7777. Medium
      supplemented with 5% normal rat serum supported incorporation of lavel into 3T3
      and L cells and growth of these cells, as did medium supplemented with 10% calf
      serum. Serum from hepatoma-bearing animals was only approximately equal to 50% as
      efficient as normal rat serum in supporting growth and label incorporation. The
      addition of purified factor to the serum  from hepatoma-bearing animals restored
      the ability of the serum to support growth and label incorporation to between 70
      and 90% of that found with normal rat serum as a medium supplement. The factor
      also enhanced incorporation of 3-H-thymidine following release of 3T3 cells from
      contact inhibition.

PMID- 163314
TI  - Effect of pyridoxine availability on the activity of serine dehydratase of normal
      liver, host liver, and three Morris hepatomas.
AB  - The effect(s) of dietary pyridoxine availability on serine dehydratase (SD)
      specific activity levels of normal liver. Morris hepatomas "5123A, 7316B, 7800,
      and of respective host livers was studied. Buffalo female weanling rats were fed
      ad libitum a pyridoxine-free diet or the same diet supplemented with the vitamin.
      They were inoculated intramuscularly in the hind leg muscles with hepatoma cells
      after 3 weeks on the respective diets, and those bearing hepatomas "5123A, 7316B,
      7800 were killed at 28, 30, and 48 days, respectively, after inoculation. SD
      activity was highly affected by pyridoxine. Absence of the vitamin from the diet
      resulted in greatly reduced activity levels in normal liver and the three
      hepatomas. Tumors grown in animals fed the pyridoxine-supplemented diet had 39j
      ("5123A), 3.5 ("7316B), and 2.1 ("7800) times more SD specific activity tan
      respective tumors grown in animals fed the deficient diet. A 1.7-fold increase
      was observed in normal liver. In contrast to these findings, the specific
      activity of the enzyme was reduced by 6.3, 1.5, and 3.0 times, respectively, in
      the host livers of animals fed the vitamin-supplemented diet and bearing
      hepatomas "5123A, 7316B, and 7800. Serine dehydratase activity depends greatly on
      dietary vitamin B6 and hence I propose that activity levels in vivo are regulated
      by its presence or absence.

PMID- 163315
TI  - Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels and adenosine-3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity in metastasizing and nonmetastasizing
      rat mammary carcinomas.
AB  - The adenosine-3, 5-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cPDE) activity in the
      homogenates of 6 spontaneously metastasizing, nonimmunogenic, glycocalyx-shedding
      rat mammary carcinomas (MT) was assayed and compared with four histologically and
      growth rate-matched nonmetastasizing, immunogenic MT. The levels of this enzyme
      were 2.5 times higher in the nonmetastasizing tumors. To rule out the possibility
      of the presence of inhibitor(s) or stimulator(s) of cPDE, homogenates from a
      nonmetastasizing and from a widely metastasizing tumor were mixed. cPDE from both
      nonmetastasizing and metastasizing MT showed two apparent Km and two
      corresponding Vmax. The activity of the enzyme at concentrations of 1 muM (low
      Km) and 100 muM (high Km) adenosine-3, 5-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) decreased in
      parallel with increasing metastasizing capacity. About 50% of the low and the
      high Km cPDE was in the cytosol in both groups, whereas the rest was particulate.
      The proportion of low and high Km activity was similar in all the fractions
      except in the plasma membrane of the metastasizing tumors where the percent of
      low Km enzyme was three times higher than that of the high Km. The steady-state
      levels of cAMP were 1.3-2.0 times higher in the metastasizing tumors, inversely
      proportional to their cPDE activities.

PMID- 163316
TI  - A new common marker for premalignant and malignant hepatocytes induced in the rat
      by chemical carcinogens.
AB  - A new common antigen, preneoplastic (PN), was found in every early and late
      hyperplastic nodule and in every primary hepatoma induced by N-2
      fluorenylacetamide, ethionine, 3-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene,
      dimethylnitrosamine, or diethylnitrosamine in three strains of rats (CFN, F344,
      and BUF). It so far has not been found in normal adult rat liver, liver
      surrounding nodules or cancer, fetal liver, amniotic fluid, adult rat serum, sera
      from rats with hyperplastic nodules or primary hepatomas, or various normal rat
      tissues. Immunofluorescent staining indicated the PN antigen was present in the
      cytoplasm of hepatocytes in hyperplastic nodules and in primary hepatomas.

PMID- 163317
TI  - Anemia associated with feline leukemia virus infection in cats.
AB  - The types of anemia associated with natural and experimental feline leukemia
      virus (FeLV) infection in cats were investigated. In one experiment, 10 kittens
      were inoculated neonatally with Jarrett FeLV-1, an isolate of subgroup A; 6
      developed anemia a few weeks later. This anemia was characterized by
      macrocytosis, normoblastosis, increased erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, and
      extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. Anemia was transient and nonfatal and
      occurred before the onset of lympoid malignancy. The same type of anemia was also
      seen in 9 of 24 kittens inoculated with Jarrett FeLV-9 of subgroups A and B. A
      different form of anemai occurred in another experiment in which 10 kittens were
      inoculated with FeLV-C of subgroup C only. All 10 kittens developed a profound
      aplastic or erythroblastopenic anemia in which the bone marrow became depleted of
      erythroid tissue; all kittens died within 16 weeks, most as a direct result of
      anemia. In an experiment in which kittens were inoculated with FeLV-B of subgroup
      B only, no kitten showed anemia. Cats with naturally acquired, nonleukemic
      lymphosarcoma were also studied. Of 33 lymphosarcomas in which myelophthisis was
      excluded as a cause, 54% of the affected cats had anemia, the features of which
      were consistent with hemolytic origin. When virus could be grown from these
      lymphosarcomas, it was of subgroup A alone or a combination of A and B. With one
      exception, anemic cats had low or negative titers to feline oncornavirus
      associated cell membrane antigens. Until more isolates have been tested, it is
      not known if the various hematologic changes reflected differences in the
      pathogenic effects of the subgroups of the virus or of types of strains within
      them.

PMID- 163318
TI  - Evaluation of dye exclusion and colony inhibition techniques for detection of
      polyoma-specific, cell-mediated immunity.
AB  - Cellular immunity directed against polyoma virus-induced antigen was observed
      with C3H/HeJ splenic lymphoid cells from mice sensitized by a short-term
      immunization schedule with syngeneic polyoma 4198 and 4198V tumor cells. Polyoma
      specificity of the response was shown by demonstration that splenic cells from
      DBA/2J animals with polyoma virus-induced tumors were cytotoxic for the C3H 4198
      and 4198V cells, but not for the L-M cell, another cell line of C3H origin. The
      polyoma-specific response in the syngeneic system was detectable with the dye
      exclusion assay but not with the colony inhibition procedure. Colony inhibition
      with the L-M cell was observed with sensitized lymphoid cells in both allogeneic
      and syngeneic systems.

PMID- 163319
TI  - Potentiation of an adenovirus-associated virus by herpes simplex virus type-2
      transformed cells.
AB  - The herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2)-transformed cell line 333-8-9 was
      inoculated with adeno-virus-associated virus type 3 (AAV-3) and examined by
      immunofluorescent (FA) techniques for evidence of AAV-3 antigen synthesis.
      Antisera prepared against the three sodium dodecyl sulfate-dissociated structural
      polypeptides (VP-1, VP-2, and VP-3) of AAV-3 and against the whole AAV-3 virion
      were used as probes to search for AAV-3 FA-stainable antigens synthesized by
      these cells. The 333-8-9 cells inoculated with AAV-3 ALONE PRODUCED FA-stainable
      antigens detected by VP-1, VP-3, and whole virion antisera, but not by the VP-2
      antiserum. Coinfection of AAV-3-INOCULATED 333-8-9 CELLS WITH EITHER ADENOVIRUS
      TYPE-2 (Ad.2) or herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) helper permitted the
      formation of FA-stainable antigens detected by all antisera, including the VP-2
      antiserum. In contrast to 333-8-9 cells, BHK-21 cells failed to produce AAV-3 FA
      stainable antigens when inoculated with AAV-3 alone; addition of either Ad.2 or
      HSV-1 helper led to formation of antigens detected by all VP and whole virion
      antisera. These results suggest that 333-8-9 cells enhance the formation of two
      of the three AAV-3 structural polypeptides and that this incomplete potentiation
      may be related to HSV-2 genetic material possessed by these cells.

PMID- 163320
TI  - Biochemical properties of simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 cell mitochondria.
AB  - Mitrochondria isolated from simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 and nontransformed
      3T3 cells were compared by various biochemical criteria. Transformed and
      nontransformed cell mitochondria had identical densities in linear sucrose and
      discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradients. The activities of several
      mitochondria-specific enzymes including cytochrome oxidase, adenylate kinase,
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-cytochrome c reductase, and NADH oxidase
      were similar in both cell types. However, the activity of the mitochondrial outer
      membrane enzyme, monoamine oxidase. In the virus-transformed cell mitochondria
      was reduced to 50% of that in nontransformed cell mitochondria.

PMID- 163321
TI  - Type-C virus particles in placenta of the cottontop marmoset (Saguinus oedipus).
AB  - Electron microscopy of near-term placentas of two cottontop marmosets (Saguinus
      oedipus) revealed, in one placenta, the presence of budding and mature C-type
      virus particles associated with the basal trophoblast. The particles were
      morphologically similar to those observed by other investigators in placentas of
      other primate species.

PMID- 163322
TI  - B-cell origin of hamster lymphoid tumors induced by simian virus 40.
AB  - Two lymphoid neoplasms induced by simian virus 40 (SV40) in Syrian hamsters were
      analyzed for lymphocyte characteristics. The hymphocytes from both tumors
      contained membrane-bound Ig that was exclusively of 7Sgamma2 class. Furthermore,
      neither lymphoid tumor had a complement receptor. Thus both tumors oringinated
      from a particular B-cell population, which suggests that this B-cell type is
      associated with an SV40 receptor.

PMID- 163323
TI  - Letter: Comments on the guest editorial on a proposed reclassification of murine
      type-C RNA viruses.

PMID- 163324
TI  - Elevated immunofluorescence antibody titers to several herpesviruses in Burkitt's
      lymphoma patients: are high titers unique?
AB  - Antibody titers for viral capsid antigens of all four human herpesviruses were
      measured by immunofluorescence in the sera of 16 Burkitt's lymphoma (BL)
      PATIENTS, 16 AGE-, SEX-, AND LOCALITY-MATCHED CONTROLS, AND 136 FAMILY MEMBERS
      FROM THE West Nile District of Uganda. Among family members, titers greater than
      1:4 were found in 98% for herpes simplex virus (HSV), 86% for varicella-zoster
      virus (VZV), 100% FOR CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV), AND 94% FOR Epstein-Barr (EBV).
      Titers in patients averaged approximately equal to 2 logs (fourfold) higher than
      those in matched controls for EBV, VZV, and CMV (P EQUALS 0.001); titers for HSV
      were only slightly higher in cancer patients. The mothers of patients had
      someuhat higher EBV titers (0.05 smaller than or equal to P SMALLER THAN OR EQUAL
      TO 0.01) than the mothers of controls, but no other differences between patient
      and control families were found. By immunofluorescence, a method which apparently
      has not been used for all four human herpesviruses in BL patients, the patients
      had elevated antibody titers not only to EBV but also to CMV and VZV. The
      elevated titers to three of the four human herpesviruses were not due to
      serologic cross reactions.

PMID- 163325
TI  - Unexpected high incidence of primary liver cancer in Geneva, Switzerland.
AB  - The age-standardized incidence rate of primary liver cancer (PLC) in Geneva was
      9.7 per 100,000 in males, a figure four or five times higher than incidence rates
      reported elsewhere in Europe . These PLC's were often associated with cirrhosis
      and alcoholism. This indicated that the toll of PLC related to alcoholism and to
      alcoholic cirrhosis may be greater than anticipated.

PMID- 163326
TI  - Induction of Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen during in vitro
      transformation of human lymphoid cells.
AB  - Human lymphoid cells isolated from the peripheral blood of adults, from cord
      blood, and from fetal liver, spleen, bone marrow, and thymus were cultivated with
      or without a cell-free preparation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with demonstrated
      transforming activity. The cultures were examined for the EBV-associated nuclear
      antigen (EBNA) and for transfromation into permanent lymphoblastoid cell lines
      (LCL). EBNA, seen only in cultures that had received exogenous EBV, was detected
      between days 1 and 6 after addition of EBV, most frequently on day 3. EBNA
      positive cells had a lymphoblastoid appearance. Transformation into established
      LCL became apparent between days 12 and 19. The addition of pokeweed mitogen to
      cultures containing EBV enhanced the development of EBNA, whereas
      phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A had no such effect. Neither EBNA nor
      transfomration was observed in lymphoid cells from fetal thymus. In fetal spleen,
      bone marrow, and liver cells, EBV regularly induced EBNA and LCL transformation.

PMID- 163328
TI  - Chromosome aberrations in Syrian hamster embryo cells transformed after exposure
      to ultraviolet-irradiated herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2.
AB  - Six Syrian hamster embryo cell lines (14-012-8-1, KOS-6-1, 333-8-9, 333-2-29, MS
      4-1, FR-6-1), developed after exposure of primary cultures to different strains
      of UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2, were analyzed for
      chromosome aberrations. All the cell lines showed chromosome stability (number of
      chromosomes were maintained within a narrow range of variation in the diploid
      region) and a low incidence of polyploids, endoreduplications, and metaphases
      with pulveration or extensively fragmented chromosomes. The cell lines, passaged
      over long periods of time in vitro, developed marker chromosomes that suggested a
      clonal-type evolution of the cell populations. Two cell lines, 333-8-9 and 14-012
      8-1, showed two different marker chromosomes with large heterochromatic regions.
      Chromosomes with abnormal heterochromatic regions, which often appeared like
      prominent secondary constrictions, were found in all the cell lines we examined.
      The level of chromosome breakage was low in all the cell lines except the highly
      tumorigenic cell line 333-2-29, which had a high incidence of cells with single
      or double chromatinic bodies. The abnormal heterochromatic regions that occurred
      on marker chromosomes and prominent secondary constrictions were interpreted as a
      possible chromosomal effect of the HSV. The karyotypic stability and low
      incidence of open breaks might have been the result of UV irradiation of the HSV.

PMID- 163327
TI  - Isolation of a B-tropic type-C virus from reticulum cell neoplasms induced in
      BALB/c mice by SJL/J type-C virus.
AB  - D1-murine leukemia virus (MuLV), an N-tropic type-C virus isolated from a
      spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm, type B (RCN-B) of an SJL/J mouse was
      propagated in NIH Swiss mouse embryo cell cultures. When injected into BALB/c
      mice 1 day after neonatal thymectomy, 30% of the inoculated mice developed RCN-B
      in 5 months, whereas none of the uninoculated controls did. From the spleen and
      lymph node extracts of all RCN-B-bearing mice tested, B-tropic type-C viruses
      (designated E1-MuLV) were isolated in high titers (10-5 minus 10-6 XC plaque
      forming units/ml). Only low titers (10-1 minus 10-2 XC plaque-forming units/ml)
      of N- or B-tropic viruses were isolated from those thymectomized mice, inoculated
      but nontumorous, whereas only N-tropic viruses were detected in the uninoculated
      thymectomized mice. No virus was isolated from the nonthymectomized, untreated
      controls. Antigenically, the viral envelope antigen (VEA) of E1-MuLV was distinct
      from those of DU-MuLV, xVEA, or Gross-VEA, but some cross reaction with AKR-MuLV
      VEA was observed. The relationship of D1-MuLV to E1-MuVL with respect to
      oncogenesis and viral genome activation was discussed.

PMID- 163329
TI  - Editorial: Spleen focus-forming virus in Friend and Rauscher leukemia virus
      preparations.

PMID- 163331
TI  - A quantitative autoradiographic study of nucleolus-associated RNA and DNA
      synthesis during the eclipse phase in Rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Functional and morphologic differences between the sensitivity of nucleoli of
      Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells and that of newly infected cells to the
      action of actinomycin D (AD) have been demonstrated by quantitative light and
      electron microscope autoradiography and utilized to investigate the function of
      the nucleolus in the early stages of infection. After a pulse exposure to low
      doses of AD, increased RNA synthesis is induced within 80 minutes in the
      fibrillar portion of the nucleolus by infection. A concomitant increase in the
      retention of tritiated AD in the nucleolus and a quantitative redistribution of
      intranuclear and cytoplasmic DNA label are interpreted as evidence for a virus
      induced amplification of the binding sites of AD in nucleolar chromatin.

PMID- 163330
TI  - Blood group MN antigens and precursors in normal and malignant human breast
      glandular tissue.
AB  - Blood group M and N active substances were demonstrated in human mammary gland
      tissue in both benign and malignant lesions. The precursor T (Thomsen
      Friedenreich) antigen occurred only in cancerous tissue, where it was found
      regularly in the 15 gross cancers tested. The precursor Tn antigen also was found
      regularly in cancerous breast tissue; Both antigens were reactive in breasts with
      in situ carcinoma. The T antigen was not demonstrable in the 6 benign mammary
      glands studied; similarly, the Tn antigen was unmasked by sialidase treatment of
      healthy breast tissues. Anti-T antibody, present in all human sera, was severely
      depressed in many breast cancer patients compared to controls.

PMID- 163332
TI  - Effect of simian virus 40 subcutaneous tumors on circulating lipids and
      lipoproteins in the Syrian hamster.
AB  - Circulating lipid levels and lipoprotein patterns in the Syrian hamster were
      determined at various times after subcutaneous inoculation with simian virus 40
      (SV40) strain F, strain A-2895, or Fortner melanoma tumor cells. SV40 F tumors
      induced a rapid triphasic elevation of serum total lipids through inhibition of
      prebeta lipoprotein catabolism. Alpha lipoprotein levels declined in proportion
      to tumor mass. Liver wet weight and total lipid content increased significantly,
      but a normal rate of 3H-glycerol incorporation into polyanion precipitable
      (prebeta) serum lipoprotein was maintained. Determination of serum endogenous
      lipase, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and cholinesterase
      activities indicated that these enzymes were not primarily responsible for the
      tumor-induced hyperlipidemia. Tumor-bearing animals also had selectively
      increased rates of protein and lipid excretion into the urine, with no evidence
      of gross hepatocellular or kidney damage. Growth of SV40 A-2895 tumors in
      hamsters resulted in a large increase in the rate of prebeta lipoprotein
      synthesis and degradation. Circulating prebeta lipoprotein levels were elevated
      much later in these animals, subsequent to a marked decrease in LCAT activity.
      Quite different results were obtained with Fortner melanoma, even large tumors
      having only a moderate effect on serum total lipid levels and lipoprotein
      patterns in the Syrian hamster.

PMID- 163333
TI  - Inhibition of the cellular immune response to simian virus 40 tumor cells in
      tumor-bearing and tumor-immune mice by concanavalin A.
AB  - The effects of in vivo-administered concanavalin A (Con A) on the kinetics of the
      primary and secondary cellular immune responses to simian virus 40-transformed
      tumor cells were investigated in BALB/c mice. Either a single initial dose of 400
      mug Con A or daily doses of 50 mug depressed the cell-mediated immune response to
      tumor cells during the progressive growth of tumors, as determined by a
      radioisotopic foot-pad assay. The immune depression correlated with an increase
      in ultimate tumor weight. Similarly, Con A suppressed the antitumor cellular
      immune response in tumor-immune animals. Immune reactivity returned within 6 days
      after a single injection of 400 mug Con. Continuous administration 50 mug Con A
      resulted in a gradual decline in antitumor cellular immune responsiveness, which
      reached a plateau by the 5th day. Splenic lymphocytes from Con A-treated, immune
      mice failed to elicit a local adoptive transfer reaction; their immune
      responsiveness tended to return after incubation with alpha-methyl-D-pyranosyl
      sugars.

PMID- 163334
TI  - Properties of a chicken lymphoblastoid cell line from Marek's disease tumor.
AB  - Properties of a chicken lymphoblastoid cell line (MSB-1) from a Marek's disease
      tumor were studied. The cell line grew well at 41 degrees C in medium RPMI-1640
      supplemented with 10% bovine fetal serum and had a doubling time of 8-12 hours.
      Cells grown in stationary suspension culture did not attach to the vessel and had
      the morphology of typical lymphoblasts. At 37 degrees C, the cell line grew
      initially but ceased to divide after several subcultures. In the subcultures
      maintained for 48-72 hours, 1-2% of the cells produced Marek's disease virus
      (MDV)-specific intracellular and mambrane antigens and contained herpesvirus
      particles when examined by the electron microscope. Cocultivation of these cells
      with duck or chicken embryo fibroblast cultures resulted in transfer of infection
      and production of microplaques typical of MDV. Peripheral nerve lesions and
      lymphoid tumors characteristic of Marek's disease were caused by inoculation of
      susceptible chicks with MSB-1 cells or duck cells infected with strain BC-1 of
      MDV recovered from the MSB-1 cell line. No specific tumors were produced at the
      site of inoculation, and infection was readily transmitted to cagemates. Tumors
      were also produced in the skeletal muscles and seemed to be largely virus
      induced. MSB-1 cell line was free of C-type virus particles.

PMID- 163335
TI  - Estrogen-dependent in vitro stimulation of RNA synthesis in hormone-dependent
      mammary tumors of the rat.
AB  - Incubation of estradiol in vitro at 25 degrees C with homogenates of carcinogen
      induced mammary tumors of ovariectomized rats stimulated the magnesium-dependent
      RNA polymerase activity of nuclei of the hormone-dependent (HD) (regressing)
      tumors, but had no effect on this activity in nuclei of hormone-independent (HI)
      (growing) tumors. Furthermore, recombination of the nuclei and cytosol fractions
      of HD and HI tumors indicated that the in vitro effect of estradiol on subsequent
      tumor nuclear RNA synthesis required the estrogen receptor-containing cytosol but
      was specific to nuclei of the HD tumor. This constituted the first direct in
      vitro effect of estrogen on a specific biochemical process in an HD mammary
      tumor.

PMID- 163336
TI  - Spontaneous lymphoma associated with Herpesvirus saimiri in owl monkeys.
AB  - Two cases of lymphoma and one case of lymphoproliferative disease were found in a
      group of 7 owl monkeys imported into our colony as a single group. Herpesvirus
      saimiri (HVS) was isolated from the tumor cells of 1 lymphoma by cocultivation
      and from kidney cell cultures from the monkey with lymphoproliferative disease.
      Antibody to HVS was found in serum samples from 2 monkeys positive for HVS but
      not in the sera from the 4 clinically normal monkeys. Antibody to Epstein-Barr
      virus-infected cells was also found in the serum from the animal with lymphoma.

PMID- 163337
TI  - Virus envelope markers in mammalian tropism of avian RNA tumor viruses.
AB  - Pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus were prepared with avian sarcoma
      viruses and avian leukemia viruses representing five different subgroups. These
      pseudotypes display a host range restricted to that of the avian tumor virus when
      assayed on avian cells and are neutralized by subgroup-specific antisera. The
      efficiency of penetration of mammalian cells was assayed by using these vesicular
      stomatitis virus pseudotypes. Pseudotypes of avian tumor viruses belonging to
      subgroup D and of B77 virus were able to plate on mammalian cells with a high
      efficiency, whereas pseudotypes of other strains were not. The efficiency of
      penetration of the vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes was 10-2-to 10-3-fold
      higher than the efficiency of transformation of the corresponding avian tumor
      virus strain assayed on mammalian cells, suggesting that there are
      postpenetration blocks to the expression of transformation in these cells.

PMID- 163338
TI  - Products of complementation between temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus
      40.
AB  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of the D complementation group of simian virus 40
      exhibit delayed complementation. Analysis of the thermal stability, kinetic
      profiles in temperature shift experiments, and progeny of complementation have
      led to the hypothesis that delayed complementation is not true complementation,
      but the result of a very low level of leakiness, followed by phenotypic mixing of
      the progeny D mutants. This hypothesis is consistent with the proposal that D
      mutants are defective in uncoating. In the course of these experiments, it was
      observed that fresh medium suppresses the growth of D mutants at the restrictive
      temperature.

PMID- 163339
TI  - DNA infectivity and the induction of host DNA synthesis with temperature
      sensitive mutants of simian virus 40.
AB  - Host DNA synthesis is induced when CV-1 (monkey kidney) cell cultures are
      infected at 40 C with wild-type virions or with temperature-sensitive Simian
      virus 40 mutants of the "early" complementation group A. Host DNA synthesis is
      not induced when cultures are infected with mutants of the late complementation
      group D. The simplest explanation for these observations, that induction depends
      not upon the expression of some early gene function but rather on the presence of
      an active D protein in the infecting virion, has been examined. Indirect
      experiments suggest that this explanation is not correct. Moreover, the induction
      of host DNA synthesis is impaired when cultures are infected with mutants of the
      A group at 42.5 C rather than 40 C, suggesting that the A function may be
      responsible for host induction. The inability of D virions to induce host DNA
      synthesis may reflect their inability to "uncoat" at 40C.

PMID- 163340
TI  - Molecular weight of RNA subunits of Rous sarcoma virus determined by electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Secondary cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts were infected with the Schmidt
      Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). Five days after infection, the medium
      was replaced at 2-h intervals with phosphate-free Eagle medium containing 50 muCi
      of [32P]orthophosphate per ml. Virus was collected by centrifugation, and the RNA
      was extracted and denatured with dimethyl sulfoxide, and the 33S subunit RNA was
      isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The molecular weight of the RSV
      subunit RNA was determined by length measurement in the electron microscope, by
      using bacteriophage MS2 RNA as a length marker. Molecules of between 2.5 and 3.3
      mum in length made up over 50% of the subunit RNA preparation. In this paper, we
      define RSV RNA subunits as that RNA released from the 70S RNA complex by dimethyl
      sulfoxide treatment, which sediments as a peak at 33S. Assuming the molecular
      weight of MS2 RNA to be 1.2 times 10-6, we calculate the molecular weight of RSV
      subunit RNA to be 3.12 times 10-6 plus or minus 0.25 times 10-6.

PMID- 163341
TI  - Electron microscope localization of a protein bound near the origin of simian
      virus 40 DNA replication.
AB  - A salt-stable complex of protein and viral DNA obtained from Simian virus 40
      (SV40)-infected monkey cells or mature SV40 virions has a novel structure. When
      viewed by high resolution electron microscopy, the circular SV40 DNA molecule has
      bound to it one to three globular protein "knobs". Using ecoRI and hpaII
      restriction endonucleases, each of which can cleave SV40 DNA once at a known
      location (10, 11, 12, 14), the bound protein can be localized at 0.7 plus or
      minis 0.05 on the SV40 DNA physical map (SV40 fractional length, clockwise from
      the ecoRI endonuclease-cleavage site).

PMID- 163342
TI  - Characterization of human papovavirus BK DNA.
AB  - The DNA of the BK virus (BKV) human papovavirus was found to be heterogeneous,
      consisting of at least four discrete species of DNA. Only the largest of these
      four species, BKV DNA (i), which has a molecular weight calculated to be 96% that
      of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA, was infectious. Homogeneous preparations of BKV
      DNA were obtained, however, from virions purified after low multiplicity
      infections of human embryonic kidney cells. BKV DNA (i) was shown to contain a
      single R-Eco RI and four R-Hind cleavage sites. The R-Eco RI site was localized
      in the largest R-Hind cleavage fragment. Radiolabeled BKV DNA reassociated
      slightly faster than SV40 DNA; 20 to 30% polynucleotide sequence homology was
      demonstrated between the genomes of BKV and SV40 when the reaction was monitored
      by chromatography on hydroxyapatite.

PMID- 163343
TI  - Studies of polyoma virus DNA: cleavage map of the polyoma virus genome.
AB  - A small-plaque polyoma virus, MPC-1, was isolated from a mouse plasmacytoma. The
      DNA of this polyoma virus was cleaved with a restriction enzyme from Haemophilus
      influenzae (Hin d), and the molecular weights of the limit products were analyzed
      by electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The fragments produced by this enzyme
      have been ordered by analysis of partial digest products. A physical map of the
      polyoma virus genome was then constructed.

PMID- 163344
TI  - RNA synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. IX. Evidence for
      accumulation of abundant symmetric transcripts in nuclei.
AB  - RNA extracted from nuclei of 8-h infected cells drove approximately 50% of herpes
      virus DNA into DNA-RNA hybrid. The same RNA, preannealed under conditions which
      allowed base pairing to take place, drove only 35% of the DNA into DNA-RNA
      hybrid; further annealing of the RNA did not diminish the amount of RNA sequences
      remaining available for subsequent hybridization with DNA. Upon denaturation of
      the preannealed RNA, the RNA sequences sequestered during preannealing became
      available again for hybridization with DNA. The base pairing that occurred during
      preincubation of the RNA was inter-molecular, since it was RNA concentration
      dependent and was not affected by limited alkaline hydrolysis. The nuclear viral
      transcripts that remained available for hybridization, after preannealing of the
      RNA, were subset of the RNA sequences that accumulated in the cytoplasm of
      infected cells. In addition, a small amount (derived from 5% or less of the viral
      DNA) of complementary transcripts was detected in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 163345
TI  - Screening procedure for complementation-dependent mutants of vesicular stomatitis
      virus.
AB  - To isolate new types of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) mutants, a four-stage
      screen was developed which identifies and characterizes mutants capable of
      complementing the defect in the VSV temperature-sensitive mutant tsG11. Two types
      of mutants of VSV, Indiana serotype, have been found by using the screen; they
      are new temperature-sensitive mutants which are, of necessity, not in
      complementation group I and mutants which do not produce plaques under conditions
      of single infection at 31 C (the normal permissive temperature) and are,
      therefore, called complementation-dependent mutants. The newly isolated,
      temperature-sensitive mutants fall into three complementation groups, two of
      which are congruent with known complementation groups; the newly identified group
      extends to six the number of complementation groups of VSV Indiana. The nature of
      the complementation-dependent mutants has not been established, but one was shown
      to not contain a significant deletion in its nucleic acid.

PMID- 163346
TI  - Temperature-sensitive virus derived from BHK cells persistently infected with HVJ
      (Sendai virus).
AB  - BHK-HVJ cells, a cell line of baby hamster kidney cells persistantly infected
      with HVJ (Sendai virus), started to produce infectious virus by shifting down the
      incubation temperature from 38 to 32 C. The virus derived from BHK-HVJ cells,
      designated as HJV-pB, was effectively neutralized with antibody against wild-type
      virus (HVJ-W) which was used for the establishment of BHK-HVJ cells. HVJ-pB
      replicated in eggs at 32 C, but not at 38 C, while HVJ-W grew equally well at
      both temperatures. When BHK cells infected with HVJ-PB were incubated at 38 C,
      production of infectious virus, hemagglutinin, and neuraminidase was markedly
      restrained, whereas a considerable amount of viral nucleocapisid and envelope
      antigens was detected in the cells by complement fixation tests. These viral
      activities became detectable immediately after temperature shift-down from 38 to
      32 C even at the later stage of infection. HVJ-pB was indistinguishable from HJV
      W with respect to particle size, density, and morphological characteristics, but
      appeared to possess a higher neuraminidase activity and was inactivated more
      rapidly at 50 C than HVJ-W. HVJ-pB was less cytocidal and could easily cause
      latent infection in BHK and mouse L cells.

PMID- 163347
TI  - Cycloheximide induction of xenotropic type C virus from synchronized mouse cells:
      metabolic requirements for virus activation.
AB  - The information for type C RNA viruses is genetically transmitted within the
      cellular DNA of the normal mouse cell. These viruses can be induced after
      exposure of cells to two classes of chemicals, inhibitors of protein synthesis
      and halogenated pyrimidines. The metabolic requirements for activation of one
      endogenous virus of BALB/c mouse cells by representatives of each class of drugs
      were studies. Cycloheximide and iododeoxyuridine each induce virus efficiently
      from cultures in exponential growth but are inactive on cells in stationary
      phase. However, cells are maximally sensitive to the actions of each drug at
      different times within the cell cycle. Further, virus induction in response to
      each is differentially inhibited under conditions of simultaneous cell exposure
      to inhibitors of DNA or RNA synthesis. The results provide support for the
      concept that inhibitors of protein synthesis and halogenated pyrimidines act by
      different mechanisms to induce type C virus release.

PMID- 163348
TI  - Analysis of uridine incorporation in chicken embryo cells infected by vesicular
      stomatitis virus and its temperature-sensitive mutants: uridine transport.
AB  - The shut-off of RNA synthesis in chicken embryo cells, after infection with
      vesicular stomatitis virus, is partially due to a reduced capacity of the
      infected cells to transport uridine. Permeability to uridine decreases
      exponentially after infection. This loss of ability to transport uridine may be
      caused either by structural components of the input virions or may result from
      the expression of the viral gene products. In the latter case, only minor levels
      of viral transcription is sufficient to modify cellular permeability, since, even
      at low multiplicities, RNA minus temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular
      stomatitis virus bring about a significant diminution of uridine incorporation in
      cells infected under nonpermissive conditions. Experiments with mutants of group
      III suggest that the M protein of the viral envelope may play a role in the
      sequence of events that modifies uridine transport. In addition to this cause of
      the diminution of incorporation of uridine by infected cells, another mechanism
      is noted which requires protein synthesis.

PMID- 163349
TI  - The 5' nucleotide sequence of vesicular stomatitis viral RNA.
AB  - The 5' nucleotide sequence of vesicular stomatitis viral RNA is pppApCpGp....

PMID- 163350
TI  - In vitro polyoma DNA synthesis: requirement for cytoplasmic factors.
AB  - Purified nuclei from polyoma-infected mouse (3T3) cells were found to be greatly
      reduced in their ability to synthesize viral DNA in vitro when compared with a
      crude system consisting of an unfractionated hypotonic lysate of the infected
      cells. The synthetic capacity of the nuclei could be fully reconstituted when a
      high-speed cytoplasmic supernatant was added back to them. Cytosols from
      uninfected mouse, monkey, and hamster cells were equally as effective in
      stimulating purified nuclei as that of virus-infected mouse cells. Optimal
      complementation required high concentrations of the cytosol, and most of the
      complementing activity was destroyed by heating to 60 C. Dialysis had no effect
      on the activity. Analysis of the viral DNA synthesized in purified nuclei showed
      an accumulation of Okazaki-type short DNA chains, which could be chased into
      viral progeny DNA strands if cytosol was added back to the nuclei. Kinetic
      analysis of the pulse-labeling pattern of viral replicative DNA showed a strong
      dependence of the extension of viral progeny strands and of the processing of
      Okazaki-type fragments on the amount of cytosol present during the reaction. It
      is suggested that the cytoplasmic DNA polymerase might be one of the active
      components in the cytosol, but most likely not the only one.

PMID- 163351
TI  - Temporal appearance of bacteriophage T4-modified valyl tRNA synthetase in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Bacteriophage T4-induced modification of Escherichia coli vlayl-tRNA synthetase
      (EC 6.1.1.9) requires: synthesis of a phage-gene specified tau factor, addition
      of the factor to host valyl-tRNA synthetase to produce a urea-stable enzyme, and
      interaction of the modified enzyme with tRNA to produce a more rapidly
      sedimenting valyl-tRNA synthetase activity on sucrose density gradients. This
      report demonstrates that the coincident, chloramphenicol-sensitive appearance of
      urea-stable and rapidly sedimenting valyl-tRNA synthetase activity are immediate
      early phage functions. It implies that once the tau factor is synthesized,
      further interactions are stoichiometric rather than catalytic. The potential for
      valyl-tRNA synthetase modification accumylates when E. coli is infected with T4
      PHAGE IN THE PRESENCE OF CHLORAMPHINICOL AND IS EXPRESSED DURING THE RESUMPTION
      OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WHEREAS FURTHER RNA synthesis is inhibited by rifampicin.
      The modification phenomenon occurs similarly in several strains of E. coli and
      represents a novel virus-host interaction.

PMID- 163352
TI  - Alteration of capsid proteins of coxsackievirus A13 by low ionic concentrations.
AB  - Several group A coxsackieviruses (A13, 15, 18, and 21), but not polioviruses or
      group B coxsackieviruses, are rapidly inactivated in low ionic strength solutions
      at neutral pH. The extent of inactivation is dependent upon temperature and
      molarity. Virions inactivated in this manner contain a normal complement of
      infectious RNA which remains in a state resistant to the action of ribonuclease.
      However, more than 95% of the virus particles are unable to attach to susceptible
      cells. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals that
      coxsackievirus A13 virions contain five structural polypeptides (VP1, VP2a, VP2b,
      VP3, and VP4). Electrophoretic analysis indicates that inactivation of
      coxsackievirus A13 in low ionic strength solutions is due to the specific loss of
      the smallest polypeptide VP4 from the virus particle. These results suggest that
      adsorption of coxsackievirus A13 to receptors on susceptible cells is dependent
      upon the presence of the capsid protein VP4.

PMID- 163353
TI  - Stimulation of adenovirus replication in simian cells in the absence of a helper
      virus by pretreatment of the cells with iododeoxyuridine.
AB  - Pretreatment of African green monkey kidney cells with 50 mu g of 5'
      iododeoxyruidine (IUdR) per ml can modify their susceptibility to the replication
      of human adenovirus type 7 in the absence of simian virus 40 (SV40) although this
      enhancement of adenovirus replication is not as efficient as that of the helper
      SV40 virus. Since the number of infectious centers remains unchanged after IUdR
      pretreatment whereas the burst size of virus from each infected cell increases,
      the IUdR appears to allow each infected cell to produce more virus. Cell DNA
      synthesis appears to be stimulated in IUdR pretreated cells infected with
      adenovirus 7, but the host cell DNA synthesized is small enough to remain in the
      Hirt supernatant fluid. The modification of susceptibility to adenovirus
      replication and the changed pattern of cell DNA synthesis is stable for at least
      two additional cell passages of the pretreated cells.

PMID- 163354
TI  - Replication of polyoma DNA in isolated nuclei. V. Complementation of in vitro DNA
      replication.
AB  - Nuclei from polyoma-infected 3T6 fibroblasts elongate in vitro the progeny
      strands of the replicative intermediates of polyoma DNA. When high concentrations
      of such nuclei were incubated, short DNA fragments were formed and subsequently
      added onto growing progeny strands. When nuclei were repeatedly washed with
      buffer containing detergent and then incubated at low concentrations. DNA
      synthesis was decreased. In particular, the joining process was reduced,
      resulting in an accumulation of short DNA fragments. All aspects of the synthetic
      capacity of the nuclei were restored by addition of cytoplasmic extract.
      Additions of purified enzymes (polynucleotide ligase from calf thymus or
      Escherichia coli together with E. coli DNA polymerase I) increased the joining
      function of the nuclei. The system can be used for the identification of the
      enzymatic steps concerned with polyoma DNA replication.

PMID- 163355
TI  - Early events after infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T5. Induction
      of a 5'-nucleotidase activity and excretion of free bases.
AB  - Thymine-containing compounds, produced degradation of Escherichia coli DNA after
      infection of the cells with bacteriophage T5, did not accumulate in the cell but
      were excreted into the medium as the DNA was degraded. The ultimate degradation
      product was extracellular thymine that was not reutilized when T5 DNA synthesis
      began. This excretion of thymine may have been due in part to the induction of 5'
      nucleotidase activity within 3 min after T5 infection. The level of this activity
      reached a maximum between 4 to 6 min after infection and then rapidly declined to
      its preinfection level by 10 to 15 min after infection. Chloramphenicol added
      before or soon after infection prevented the appearance of the nucleotidase. The
      induced nucleotidase activity was active not only on dTMP but also on dAMP, dGMP,
      and dCMP.

PMID- 163357
TI  - Human cytomegalovirus stimulates host cell RNA synthesis.
AB  - Human cytomegalovirus infection of human fibroblast cells (WI-38) induced
      cellular RNA synthesis. The RNA synthesis in infected cultures preceded the
      synthesis of viral DNA and progeny virus by approximately 24 h. RNA species
      synthesized in infected cells included ribosomal 28S and 18S; and 4S transfer
      RNA; all were markedly increased in comparison to uninfected cells. This
      induction of host cell RNA synthesis was dependent upon a protein(s) that was
      synthesized during the early stages of infection.

PMID- 163356
TI  - Physiological characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of mengovirus.
AB  - Twenty-four temperature-sensitive mutants of mengovirus were characterized
      physiologically with respect to phenotype. The mutants were separated into four
      classes on the basis of viral RNA synthesis. L-67-S cells infected with five of
      the mutants synthesized little viral RNA at 39.5 C. These mutants are designated
      RNA-. One mutant is designated RNA* since its RNA synthesis is altered at both
      39.5 and 31.5 C. The other mutants were divided into two groups,  RNA plus or
      minus (25 TO 49% of wild-type RNA synthesis) and RNA plus (50 to 100% of wild
      type RNA synthesis). The time of expression of the mutation in the RNA- mutants
      was estimated from the results of reciprocal temperature-shift experiments. The
      mutatation in ts12 appears to be expressed at the time RNA synthesis normally
      begins. The defect in three of the mutants was expressed 1 to 2 h before RNA
      synthesis is normally detectable. Protein synthesis is required before RNA
      synthesis begins when the cells are shifted from 39.5 to 31.5 C. The RNA
      polymerase synthesized by cells infected with these RNA- mutants at 31.5 C was
      stable and fully active when assayed at 39.5 C in vitro. The sedimentation
      profiles of the viral RNA synthesized by cells infected with RNA plus and RNA
      plus or minus mutants are similar to wild-type profiles with the exception of
      ts148. Cells infected with this RNA plus or minus mutant synthesize RNA that
      sediments in a sucrose gradient like replicative-intermediate RNA, but little
      mature viral RNA is evident. The results of step-up experiments indicate that the
      temperature-sensitive period for the majority of the RNA plus and RNA plus and
      minus mutants extends through most of the replicative cycle. The temperature
      sensitive defect of four of the mutants, however, was expressed in the first
      hour, suggesting that some undefined early function is required for the eventual
      maturation of mengovirus. The virions of three of the RNA- mutants were more
      thermolabile than wild-type virions. Five of the RNA plus and RNA plus or minus
      mutants were also thermolabile. Genetic complementation at a significant level
      was not detectable in mixed infections of the mutants described.

PMID- 163359
TI  - Genetic transmission of endogenous N- and B-tropic murine leukemia viruses in low
      leukemic strain C57BL/6.
AB  - Spontaneous expression of endogenous N- and B-tropic murine leukemia viruses was
      stu1bb), DDD (Fuv-1nn), DDD-Fvr (fv-1nn), (DDD or DDD-Fvr times C57BL/6)F1, and
      16 partially inbredlines with either the Fv-1nn or Fv-1bb genotype, which had
      been established from hybrids between C57BL/6 and DDD-Fvr. When tested at middle
      age, virus-positive mice were found in C57BL/6, F1 hybrids, and 9 out of 16
      partially inbred lines. N-tropic viruses were isolated from Fv-1nn, Fv-1bb mice,
      whereas B-tropic viruses, except for one isolate, were from Fv-1bb mice only.
      C57BL/6 mice were positive for both N- and B-tropic viruses, whereas DDD-Fvr mice
      were negative. With respect to the Fv-1 genotype and the presence of endogenous
      murine leukemia viruses, the partially inbred lines were grouped into five types:
      (i) Fv-1bb, both N- and B-tropic virus positive, like C57BL/6; (ii) Fv-1nn, virus
      negative, like DDD-Fvr; (iii) Fv-1bb, virus negative; (iv) Fv-1nn, only N-tropic
      virus positive; and (v) less convincingly, Fv-1bb, only B-tropic virus positive.
      These findings indicate that the transmission of N- and B-tropic viruses in
      C57BL/6 is genetically controlled and that the expression of B-tropic virus, but
      not of N-tropic virus, is closely associated with the Fv-1 genotype.

PMID- 163358
TI  - In vitro synthesis of DNA in nuclei isolated from human lung cells infected with
      herpes simplex type II virus.
AB  - An isolated nuclei system prepared from herpes type II- and mock-infected human
      embryonic lung cells is able to synthesize cellular and viral DNA in the same
      proportion as in vivo at various times after infection. Incorporation of (3H)TTP
      in the in vitro reaction mixture requires Mg2 plus and ATP. Overall in vitro DNA
      synthesis in nuclei isolated from herpes-infected cells is semiconservative as
      demonstrated by bromodeoxyuridine-substituted DNA density-transfer experiments,
      but exhibits a significant fraction of repair-type replication. Relative rates of
      total DNA synthesis in vitro and in vivo are the same any time after infection.
      Isolated nuclei synthesize cell and viral DNA for a length of time and at a rate
      dependent upon the incubation temperature, but there are differences in the
      length of time of linear in vitro DNA synthesis between herpes- and mock-infected
      cells. The temperature optima for in vitro DNA synthesis differ significantly for
      herpes- and mock-infected cells, and are the same for cells abortively infected
      with herpes type II as for mock-infected cells.

PMID- 163360
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic studies of virus-infected cells. I. Cytopathic
      effects and maturation of vesicular stomatitis virus in L2 cells.
AB  - L2 cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus under single-cycle conditions
      have been studied by scanning electron microscopy after preparation by the
      critical point drying technique. Three dimensional images of intact cells show
      bullet-shaped vesicular stomatitis virus virions budding singly and in radiating
      clusters both from the plasma membrane between cellular microvilli and from the
      sides of microvilli. Virus-induced cytopathic effects observed by scanning
      electron microscopy include intermeshing of microvilli, loss of filipodia which
      attach cells to the substrate, and rounding up and detachment of infected cells
      from the substrate.

PMID- 163361
TI  - Inhibition of bacteriophage PBS2 replication in Bacillus subtilis by phleomycin.
AB  - Phleomycin is an effective inhibitor of the replication of Bacillus subtilis
      bacteriophage PBS2, whose DNA contains uracil instead of thymine. Phleomycin does
      not affect the induction of the known phage enzymes involved in
      deoxyribonucleotide metabolism. But phage DNA synthesis is severely inhibited by
      phleomycin, and late virion protein synthesis is eliminated. These effects appear
      to result from a phleomycin-induced degradation of the parental phage DNA.
      Similar inhibitory and degradative effects on DNA are seen in phleomyinc-treated,
      uninfected cells. This system is unaffected by the related antibiotic, bleomycin.

PMID- 163362
TI  - Structural proteins of simian virus 40. I. Histone characteristics of low
      molecular-weight polypeptides.
AB  - The DNA-associated polypeptides of simian virus 40 (SV40), VP4 (mol wt 14,000),
      VP5 (mol wt 12,000), and VP6 (mol wt 11,000), have several properties
      characteristic of cell histones. After extraction from purified SV40 with dilute
      acids, these three polypeptides co-electrophoresed on low pH polyacrylamide gels
      with monkey-kidney cell histones F3, F2b, and F2a1. No virus polypeptide co
      electrophoresed with histone F1. Polypeptides VP4, 5, and 6 lacked tryptophan,
      and only VP4 contained cysteine, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virus labeled in vivo with (3H)lysine and
      either (14C)tryptophan or (35S)cystine. All of the capsid polypeptides VP1, 2,
      and 3 contained tryptophan whereas only VP1 and 2 contained cysteine. In
      addition, VP4, 5, and 6 are rich in arginine and lysine when compared with virus
      labeled with a mixture of amino acids. Analysis of virus grown in cells labeled
      prior to infection showed that VP4, 5 and 6 were labeled fivefold greater than
      the major capsid polypeptide, VP1, which indicates that they were partially
      derived from preexisting cell histones. Based on these data and on previously
      determined molecular weight estimates, we conclude that VP4, 5, and 6 are
      histones F3, F2b, and F2a1, respectively, although the possibility that SV40
      contains a small amount of F2a2 could not be excluded.

PMID- 163363
TI  - Polyoma virus T antigen. I. Synthesis of modified heat-labile T angiten in cells
      transformed with the ts-a mutant.
AB  - In mouse cells transformed with the ts-a mutant of polyoma virus (ts-a-3T3), only
      low amounts of the virus-specific T antigen were synthesized at high temperature
      (39 C). After a shift-down to the permissive temperature (31 C), these cells
      exhibited the same level of T-antigen production as wild-type polyoma
      transformants. The T antigen produced by ts-a-transformed cells was inactivated
      at 39 C in vitro at a faster rate than that produced by wild-type-transformed
      cells. These observations indicate that T antigen is, or includes, a virus-coded
      peptide.

PMID- 163364
TI  - Malignant transformation of hamster kidney cells by BK virus.
AB  - Primary hamster kidney cells were transformed by BK virus, a new human
      papovavirus. Transformed (HKBK) cell produced BK virus T antigen and induced
      tumors in hamsters that developed antibodies to BK virus T antigen. BK virus was
      rescued from HKBK cells by Sendai virus-assisted fusion with permissive cells.
      One out of six cell lines derived from HKBK cell-induced tumors showed the same
      characteristics as HKBK cells.

PMID- 163365
TI  - Action of interferon in enucleated cells.
AB  - Interferon induces protection of enucleated BSC-1 cells against infectious
      vesicular stomatitis virus production if cells are treated before, but not after,
      enucleation.

PMID- 163366
TI  - Posttranscriptional selection of simian virus 40-specific RNA.
AB  - Analysis of the viral-specific RNA in simian virus 40(SV40)-infected monkey
      kidney cells indicated the extensive transcription of both DNA strands. These
      symmetrically transcribed sequences were localized in the nucleus of infected
      cells, whereas only the "true" early and late SV40 transcripts were found in the
      cytoplasm. These results suggest that selective posttranscriptional degradation
      and/or transport occurs after transcription of the viral DNA. On the basis of
      hybridization experiments with cytoplasmic RNA and the separated strands of the
      SV40 Hin fragments, the early SV40 region appears to include all of Hin fragments
      A, H, I, and B (48% of the genome), whereas the late region is represented in Hin
      fragments C, D, E, K, F, J, and G (52% of the genome).

PMID- 163367
TI  - Proteins in intracellular simian virus 40 nucleoportein complexes: comparison
      with simian virus 40 core proteins.
AB  - Intracellular nucleoprotein complexes containing SV40 supercoiled DNA were
      purified from cell lysates by chromatography on hydroxyapatite columns followed
      by velocity sedimentation through sucrose gradients. The major protein components
      from purified complexes were identified as histone-like proteins. When analyzed
      by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, complex
      proteins comigrated with viral core polypeptides VP4, VP5, VP6, and VP7. (3H)
      tryptophan was not detected in polypeptides from intracellular complexes or in
      the histone components from purified SV40 virus. However, a large amount of (3H)
      tryptophan was found in the viral polypeptide VP3 relative to that incorporated
      into the capsid polypeptides VP1 and VP2. Intracellular complexes contain 30 to
      40% more protein than viral cores prepared by alkali dissociation of intact
      virus, but when complexes were exposed to the same alkaline conditions, protein
      also was removed from complexes and they subsequently co-sedimented with and had
      the same buoyant density as viral cores. The composition and physical
      similarities of nucleoprotein complex and viral cores indicate that complexes may
      have a role in the assembly of virions.

PMID- 163368
TI  - Stimulation of non-histone chromosomal protein synthesis in simian virus 40
      infected simian cells.
AB  - The pattern of synthesis of non-histone chromosomal proteins in simian virus (SV)
      40-infected African green monkey kidney cells was analyzed by polyacryl-amide gel
      electrophoresis to see whether the changes in chromosomal protein metabolism are
      involved in the viral-induced synthesis of cellular DNA and mRNA. During the
      prereplicative phase of infection, the rate of histone synthesis was decreased
      until 15 h postinfection, whereas that of non-histone protein synthesis was
      increased after 5 h postinfection and reached a maximum at 10 to 15 h
      postinfection when viral-induced synthesis of cellular DNA and mRNA began to be
      observed. Stimulation of non-histone protein synthesis was also observed in the
      infected cells treated with cytosine arabinoside and was dependent on the
      multiplicity of infection. Stimulation occurred in almost all species of non
      histone proteins. These results suggest that the stimulation of non-histone
      protein synthesis is caused by an early SV40 function and occurs prior to the
      viral-induced synthesis of cellular DNA and mRNA. During the replicative phase of
      infection, a marked increase in the rate of synthesis was observed in the non
      histone proteins with molecular weights of about 48,000, 35,000, and 23,000,
      which were subsequently found to be SV40 capsid proteins.

PMID- 163369
TI  - Quantitative assay for transformation of 3T3 cells by herpes simplex virus type
      2.
AB  - The interaction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) with
      Swiss/3T3 cells was investigated. Virus-induced cytopathic effects developed in
      the absence of production of infectious virus. HSV-2 inactivated with UV light
      (2, 4, 6, and 8 min) also induced cell death in the absence of virus replication.
      Cell death was not detectable after infection by HSV-2 that had been inactivated
      by UV irradiation for 10, 12, and 14 min. 3T3 cells infected with UV-inactivated
      virus (10 and 12 min) continued to replicate past the contact-inhibited monolayer
      normally associated with these cells. Infection of 3T3 cells with UV-irradiated
      USV-2 also induced the development of transformed foci. Transformed cells with an
      epithelioid of fibroblastoid morphology were identified and isolated. All HSV-2
      transformed cell lines contained HSV-2-specific antigens detectable by
      immunofluorescence techniques. The maximum frequency of HSV-2-induced
      transformation was 3 times 105 PFU per transformed focus, and the observed
      transformation could be inhibited by pretreatment of the virus with specific
      antiserum. No type C particles were detected within five cell culture passages
      after transformation by HSV-2. Type C virus particles were detected after 10 cell
      culture passages of the HSV-2-transformed cell lines.

PMID- 163370
TI  - Induction of human cell DNA synthesis by herpes simplex virus type 2.
AB  - The effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection on the synthesis of
      DNA in human embryonic fibroblast cells was determined at temperatures permissive
      (37 C) and nonpermissive (42 C) for virus multiplication. During incubation of
      HSV-2 infected cultures at 42 C for 2 to 4 days or after shift-down from 42 to 37
      C, incorporation of (3H)TdR into total DNA was increased 2-to 30-fold as compared
      with mock-infected cultures. Analysis of the (3H)DNA suggested that host cell DNA
      synthesis was induced by HSV-2 infection. Induction of host cell DNA synthesis by
      HSV-2 also occurred in cells arrested in DNA replication by low serum
      concentration. The three strains of HSV-2 tested were capable of stimulating
      cellular DNA synthesis. Virus inactivated by UV irradiation, heat, or neutral red
      dye and light did not induce cellular DNA synthesis, suggesting that an active
      viral genome is necessary for induction.

PMID- 163371
TI  - Phosphoproteins: structural components of oncornaviruses.
AB  - Oncornaviruses, which contain a virion-associated protein kinase, were found to
      possess phosphoproteins as virion structural components. One major phosphoprotein
      common to strains of laboratory and wild mouse oncornaviruses and a strain of
      feline leukemia virus was shown to be a polypeptide of about 12, 000 mol wt. In
      addition to this, the Kirsten strain of murine sarcoma virus contained a second
      major phosphoprotein of about 10, 000 mol wt, and mouse erythroblastosis virus
      contained a second major phosphoprotein that was either identical to or
      comigrated with the virion glycoprotein of about 74, 000 mol wt. The major
      phosphoprotein of RD-114 virus was found to be of about 16, 000 mol wt. The major
      phosphoamino acid of the 12, 000-mol wt polypeptide of the mouse erythroblastosis
      virus was identified as phosphoserine, and that of the 16, 000-mol wt polypeptide
      of the RD-114 virus was identified as phosphothreonine.

PMID- 163372
TI  - Interspersion of sequences in avian myeloblastosis virus rna that rapidly
      hybridize with leukemic chicken cell DNA.
AB  - Liquid hybridization of progressively smaller fragments (35S, 27S, 15.5S, 12.5S,
      and 8S) of poly(A)-selected avian myeloblastosis virus RNA with excess DNA from
      leukemic chicken myeloblasts revealed that all sizes of RNA contained sequences
      complementary to both slowly and rapidly hybridizing cellular DNA sequences.
      Apparently, the RNA sequences which hybridize rapidly with excesses of cellular
      DNA are not restricted to any one region of the avian myeloblastosis virus 35S
      RNA. Instead, they appear to be randomly distributed over the entire 35S avian
      myeloblastosis virus RNA molecule with some positioned within 200 nucleotides of
      the poly(A) tract at the 3' end of the RNA.

PMID- 163373
TI  - DNA of Epstein-Barr virus. I. Comparative studies of the DNA of Epstein-Barr
      virus from HR-1 and B95-8 cells: size, structure, and relatedness.
AB  - We have compared the properties of the DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) purified
      from HR-1 (EBV HR-1 DNA) and B95-8 (EBV B95-8 DNA) continuous lymphoblast
      cultures. Our data indicate that (i) the S suc of native EBV DNA relative to T4D
      DNA is 55S. Using the modified Burgi-Hershey relationship (5), we estimate the
      molecular weight of native EBV DNA is 101 (plus or minus the molecular weight of
      native FBV DNA by measurement of the length of 3) times 106. Estimation of the
      molecule relative to form II PM2 DNA yields a value of 105 (plus or minus 3)
      times 106. (ii) After alkali denaturation, less than 50% of EBV DNA sediments as
      a single band in alkaline sucrose gradients in the region expected for DNA of 50
      times 406 daltons. (iii) Intact EBV HR-1 and EBV B 95-8 DNAs band at 1.718 g/cm3
      and a smaller band (approximately 25% of the DNA) AT 1.720 G/CM3. (IV) EBV HR-1
      DNA possesses greater than 97% of the sequences of EBV B95-8 DNA. Hybrid DNA
      molecules formed between (3H)EBV HR-1 DNA and EBV HR-1 DNA or EBV B95-8 DNA had
      identical thermal stability. EBV B95-8 DNA lacks approximately 15% of the DNA
      sequences of EBV HR-1 DNA. We interpret these data to mean that EBV B95-8 is
      derived from a parental EBV through loss of genetic complexity. This defect may
      be linked to the ability of EBV B95-8 to "transform" lymphocytes invitro.

PMID- 163374
TI  - Simian virus 40 functions required for the establishment and maintenance of
      malignant transformation.
AB  - Members of the five classes of temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 mutants were
      tested for their ability to transform Chinese hamster lung cells. Two criteria
      for transformation were used: the ability to form clones in medium with low serum
      concentrations and the ability to overgrow a monolayer. Only A mutants failed to
      transform at the restrictive temperature when subconfluent Chinese hamster lung
      monolayers were used. However, both A and D mutants failed to transform at the
      restrictive temperature when confluent monolayers and depleted medium were used.
      When transformed clones were selected, purified by recloning, and examined at
      both temperatures, only cell lines induced by A mutants lost the transformed
      phenotype at the higher temperature. Thus, A function is required for maintenance
      of the transformed phenotype in Chinese hamster lung cells. A function is known
      to be required for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis in permissive cells.
      Therefore, transformation may be a consequence of the introduction into a cell of
      the capacity for aberrant initiation of DNA replication.

PMID- 163375
TI  - Function of simian virus 40 gene A in transforming infection.
AB  - In productive infection by simian virus 40, the A gene is known to regulate the
      initiation of viral DNA replication and to control the synthesis of late viral
      RNA. The function of the A gene in transforming infection was investigated by the
      infection of a variety of cell species with six independently isolated
      temperature-sensitive mutants belonging to the A complementation group. The A
      mutants failed to initiate the stable transformation of cells during continuous
      infection at the restrictive temperature. After the establishment of
      transformation at the permissive temperature and a subsequent shift to the
      restrictive temperature to block the A function, however, two distinct virus-cell
      interactions were identified. In one case, the increased colony-forming capacity
      of transformed cells remained stable after the temperature shift. In the other
      case, the temperature shift decreased the capacity of transformed cells to form
      colonies to the level of untransformed control cells. The outcome of the virus
      cell interaction depended both on the nature of the A mutation in a given cell
      species and on the species of the cell transformed by a given mutant. These
      findings suggest that the transformation process may require two distinct events,
      each related to A gene expression.

PMID- 163376
TI  - Role of simian virus 40 gene A function in maintenance of transformation.
AB  - Mouse, hamster, and human cells were transformed at the permissive temperature by
      mutants from simian virus 40 (SV40) complementation group A in order to ascertain
      the role of the gene A function in transformation. The following parameters of
      transformation were monitored with the transformed cells under permissive and
      nonpermissive conditions: morphology; saturation density; colony formation on
      plastic, on cell monolayers, and in soft agar; uptake of hexose; and the
      expression of SV40 tumor (T) and surface (S) antigens. Cells transformed by the
      temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants exhibited the phenotype of transformed cells
      at the nonrestrictive temperature for all of the parameters studied. However,
      when grown at the restrictive temperature, they were phenotypically similar to
      normal, untransformed cells. Growth curves showed that the (ts) A mutant
      transformed cells exhibited the growth characteristics of wild-type virus
      transformed cells at the permissive temperature and resembled normal cells when
      placed under restrictive conditions. There were 3-to 51-fold reductions in the
      levels of saturation density, colony formation, and uptake of hexose when the
      mutant-transformed cells were the elevated temperature as compared to when they
      were grown at the permissive temperature. Mutant-transformed cells from the
      nonpermissive temperature were able to produce transformed foci when shifted down
      to permissive conditions, indicating that the phenotypically reverted cells were
      still viable and that the reversion was a reversible event. SV40 T antigen was
      present in the cells at both temperatures, but S antigen was not detected in
      cells maintained at the nonpremissive temperature. All of the wild-type virus
      transformed cells exhbited a transformed cells exhibited a transformed phenotype
      when grown under either restrictive or nonrestrictive conditions. Thers results
      indicate that the SV40 group A mutant-transformed cells are temperature sensitive
      for the maintenance of growth properties characteristics of transformation. Virus
      rescued from the mutant-transformed cells by the transfection method was ts,
      suggesting that the SV40 gene A function, rather than a cellular one, is
      responsible for the ts behavior of the cells.

PMID- 163377
TI  - Simian virus 40 gene A function and maintenance of transformation.
AB  - Transformants have been isolated after infection of rat embryo cells at 33 C with
      either wild-type simian virus 40 or with the temperature-sensitive gene A
      mutants, tsA7 and tsA28. Examination of properties usually associated with
      transformation such as growth in 1% serum, growth rate, saturation density, and
      morphology show that these properties are temperature dependent in the tsA
      transformants characterized, but are not temperature dependent in the wild-type
      transformants that have been examined. In the most thoroughly characterized tsA
      transformants the expression of T antigen also appears to be temperature
      dependent. These data suggest that an active A function is required for the
      maintenance of transformation in these cells. In the lytic cycle, the A function
      is involved in the initiation of DNA synthesis. Thus transformation by simian
      virus 40 may be the direct consequence of the introduction of the simian virus 40
      replicon and the presence of its DNA initiator function, which causes the cell to
      express a transformed phenotype.

PMID- 163378
TI  - Formation of nucleoprotein complexes between polyoma empty capsides and DNA.
AB  - Purified polyoma empty capsids and polyoma type I DNA interact in a cell-free
      system to form nucleoprotein complexes. Complexes that consist of one, two,
      three, and four empty capsids per DNA molecule have been detected. Polyoma
      virions or capsomers do not react with added DNA to form such complexes.

PMID- 163379
TI  - Detection of a virus-specific antigen on the surface of herpes simplex virus
      transformed cells.
AB  - A virion-associated antigen, CP-1, was detected on the surface of hamster cells
      after transformation by inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1. Presence of the
      CP-1 antigen on the cells correlates with the synthesis of antibody by
      tumorbearing hamsters capable of neutralizing both herpes simplex virus types 1
      and 2.

PMID- 163380
TI  - Ectopic production of erythropoietin in Wilms tumor patients in relation to
      clinical stage and disease activity.
AB  - Measurement of erythropoietin levels was achieved in urine, plasma and tumor
      extract specimens in 27 Wilms tumor patients. Good correlation of the stage of
      the disease, the clinical judgment of inactive or responding tumor foci and
      erythropoietin levels was noted. Erythropoietin levels are believed to reflect
      ectopic hormone production by the primary or secondary tumor. Since the
      erythropoietin hormone assayed in these and other Wilms tumor patients was not
      associated with polycythemia, it is believed that Wilms tumor-associated
      erythropoietin differs in some manner from the hormone produced normally in man
      and possible in other states associated with secondary polycythemia.
      Etythropoietin assay with further purification and technical development can be
      of additional widespread assistance in the clinical classification and subsequent
      management of the tumor state. Our study confirms this biological potential.

PMID- 163381
TI  - Testicular atrophy in Columbian black-tailed deer in California.
AB  - During an 18-year period, 4.1% (34/831) of male deer (Odocoileus hemionus
      columbianus) killed on a field station during the autumn hunting season had
      velvet-covered, often misshapen antlers, and at least two deer had testicular
      atrophy (gonads from most deer were not available for examination). Testes from
      six similarly affected deer and several normal deer were compared histologically.
      Lesions ranged from hypocellularity of the semeniferous tubules and relative
      hyperplasia or degeneration of interstitial cells to complete connective tissue
      replacement of the testicular parencyma. Chronic vascular changes were present in
      several testes. The etiology and pathogenesis of the lesions were not determined.

PMID- 163382
TI  - Avian pox in Florida sandhill cranes.
AB  - Cutaneous elevations were present on the feet, legs and heads of four Florida
      sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis pratensis, (one free-living, three penreared
      birds). As a result of examination of the elevations by light- and electron
      microscopy, it was determined that the lesions were caused by poxvirus. This is
      the first record of pox in cranes in North America.

PMID- 163383
TI  - Inclusion body disease (herpesvirus infection) of falcons (IBDF).
AB  - Inclusion body disease of falcons (IBDF) is caused by a herpesvirus. The clinical
      course is short, 24 to 72 hours in duration, and is characterized by mild to
      severe depression and weakness often accompanied by anorexia. The disease is
      invariably fatal. The virus has a marked affinity for the reticuloendothelial
      system and hepatocytes,producing focal to diffuse necrosis of infected tissues
      accompanied by the formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies. The virus is
      pathogenic for American kestrels (Falco sparverius) and great horned owls (Bubo
      virginianus) in which typical lesions of IBDF are reproduced. The lesions of IBDF
      are similar to those produced by some herpesvirus infections in other avian
      species.

PMID- 163384
TI  - Inclusion body disease in a great horned owl.
AB  - The carcass of a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), which had been found
      moribund in southern Ontario, was presented for necropsy. Throughout the liver
      and spleen were numerous white foci 1-2 mm in diameter; also noted were white
      plaques in the mucosae of the pharyngeal papillae and intestine. Results of light
      and electron microscopic studies and experimental transmission to two captive
      great horned owls suggested that this was a herpvirus disease similar and
      possibly indentical to the owl disease reported by other workers in Wiconsin and
      Australia.

PMID- 163385
TI  - Intraosseous milignant mixed tumor of the maxilla. Review of the literature and
      report of case.

PMID- 163386
TI  - Ascorbic acid for the common cold. A prophylactic and therapeutic trial.
AB  - Three hundred eleven employees of the National Institutes of Health volunteered
      to take 1 gm of ascorbic acid or lactose placebo in capsules three times a day
      for nine months. At the onset of a cold, the volunteers were given an additional
      3 gm daily of either a placebo or ascorbic acid. One hundred ninety volunteers
      completed the study. Dropouts were defined as those who missed at least one month
      of drug ingestion. They represented 44% of the placebo group and 34% of those
      taking ascorbic acid. Analysis of these data showed that ascorbic acid had at
      best only a minor influence on the duration and severity of colds, and that the
      effects demonstrated might be explained equally well by a break in the double
      blind.

PMID- 163387
TI  - [Follow-up nursing of patients with spinal cord injuries based on hospital
      records].

PMID- 163388
TI  - [After care of patients with poor prognosis. 2].

PMID- 163389
TI  - Renal action of cholera toxin: I. Effects on urinary excretion of electrolytes
      and cyclic AMP.
AB  - The infusion of cholera toxin (CT), 4 mug/min, into one renal artery of normal
      and thyroparathyroidectomized (T-PTX) dogs produced ipsilateral increments in the
      excretion of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl. Phosphate excretion increased from both
      kidneys, but more from the infused kidney in intact dogs. Unilateral phosphaturia
      occurred in T-PTX dogs studied five or more days after T-PTX. The changes in
      electrolyte excretion appeared 40 to 80 min after initiation of CT infusion and
      the maximal effects were noted after 100 to 140 min. The effects of CT on
      electrolyte excretion could not be accounted for by changes in glomerular
      filtration rate or renal plasma flow. Urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate
      (AMP) increased from both kidneys but slightly more from the infused kidney.
      Adenylate cyclase activity of cortex and outer medulla of the infused kidney was
      109 to 142% higher than that of the control kidney. The results indicate that CT
      decreases the net transport of various electrolytes by the renal tubule. This
      effect is probably mediated by the activation of renal adenylate cyclase(s)
      sensitive to the enterotoxin.

PMID- 163390
TI  - [Glomus tumors].

PMID- 163392
TI  - [The call for greater authority].

PMID- 163393
TI  - [Catalog of possibilities for the alleviation of personnel shortage in
      hospitals].

PMID- 163391
TI  - [Malignant neoplasms of the small intestine].

PMID- 163394
TI  - [Vocational educational significance of and methods in formation of learning
      goals].

PMID- 163395
TI  - [The teaching conversation].

PMID- 163396
TI  - [Reflecting on our nursing tasks and their contrasts].

PMID- 163397
TI  - [Irrisponsible conditions in hospital hygiene. How reliable is measuring
      equipment for disinfectants?].

PMID- 163398
TI  - [Ethical principles for nursing].

PMID- 163399
TI  - [Nursing in the service of health].

PMID- 163401
TI  - [The establishment of social service stations. Proposals from the viewpoint of
      local health insurance].

PMID- 163400
TI  - [Health education - role for male and female nurses].

PMID- 163402
TI  - [Reorganization of district health nursing. Exerpts from publications of the
      Innere Mission (domestic missions) and the German Caritas Society].

PMID- 163403
TI  - [Harmonious development of district nursing. An international problem].

PMID- 163404
TI  - [Community service center].

PMID- 163406
TI  - [Coordinated ambulatory social service].

PMID- 163405
TI  - [Proposal for the creation of a professional branch of mobile pediatric nurses].

PMID- 163407
TI  - [The professional pedagogic significance of and methods is educational objectives
      formation. II. Methods in educational objectives formation].

PMID- 163408
TI  - [Study trip of the German Nursing Association to South Africa; from Oct. 30 -
      Nov. 11, 1974].

PMID- 163409
TI  - [Healing remedies in word and illustration].

PMID- 163410
TI  - [Dokumentation: no major differences between nature and chemistry].

PMID- 163411
TI  - [The ladder model of nursing].

PMID- 163412
TI  - [Expense explosion in hospital nursing care. A cumulative fact?].

PMID- 163413
TI  - [Medicinal plants].

PMID- 163414
TI  - [Herbs--healing forces of nature].

PMID- 163415
TI  - [Home herbal remedies in medicine].

PMID- 163416
TI  - [Amarum - bitter herbs. Common bitter principle remedies and their action].

PMID- 163417
TI  - The granulovesicular bodies of the arterial wall.
AB  - Small, round, membrane-bound electron-dense bodies were observed in the smooth
      muscle cells and the intimal and medial intercellular spaces of arteries in the
      dog, rat, and pig under normal and various experimental conditions. These
      structures, referred to as granulovesicular bodies (GVB), measured from 0.2 to
      0.5 mum. in diameter and contained an inner core of granular and vesicular
      subunits. The intercellular and extracellular forms of the GVB were structurally
      similar, and in the interstitial spaces they appeared to have a definite spatial
      relation to the elements of elastic tissue. The GVB were more numerous under
      experimental than under normal conditions. It is speculated that the GVB are
      secretory in nature, originating from the smooth muscle cells, and may play a
      role in the remodeling of arterial elastic fibers.

PMID- 163418
TI  - Cytoplasmic inclusions in pulmonary macrophages of cigarette smokers.
AB  - Alveolar and bronchiolar spaces in the lungs of cigarette smokers usually contain
      numerous macrophages with pigmented cytoplasmic granules. By electron microscopy
      the pigmentation appears to be due, at least in part, to increased numbers of
      lysosomes and phagolysosomes. Within these cytoplasmic organelles, structures are
      found which we designate "smokers' inclusions", since they are observed
      exclusively in the interstitial and alveolar macrophages of cigarette users. The
      inclusions have been referred to by other investigators as "needle-shaped" and
      "fiber-like". Since cross-sections of the structures are never seen in electron
      micrographs, a fiber or needle shape seems unlikely. On the other hand, thin
      sectioning techniques impart varying lengths to the inclusions, suggesting that
      they have a disc, or platelet, configuration. Surgically resected lung tissue
      from smokers and nonsmokers was digested in hot potassium hydroxide. Digestates
      contained varying numbers of hexagonal platelike particles which had features
      consistent with those of the aluminum silicate kaolinite, and energy-dispersive x
      ray spectrometry confirmed the presence of these two elements. The origin of
      aluminum silicate inclusions in pulmonary macrophages has yet to be determined,
      although preliminary evidence strongly suggests that they are derived from
      inhaled tobacco smoke. The cytotoxicity of kaolinite in vitro and the possible
      role of aluminum silicate crystals in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis are
      discussed.

PMID- 163419
TI  - Lead-induced inclusion bodies: results of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
      treatment.
AB  - Earlier studies have shown that lead-induced nuclear inclusion bodies are
      composed of a lead-protein complex. Twenty-four hours after treatment of a lead
      poisoned rat with a single dose of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA),
      urinary excretion of lead is maximally increased and the lead content of the
      kidneys is significantly decreased. Inclusion bodies in renal cell nuclei at this
      time are found in various stages of dissolution and migration out of the nucleus.
      The outer fibrillary margin becomes loosened, and slight disruption occurs at the
      periphery of the inclusion. Some inclusion bodies appear to be moving through the
      nuclear membrane. There is an invagination of both inner and outer nuclear
      membranes. Numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles occur which contain fibrillar material
      resembling portions of intact nuclear inclusions. Kidney nuclei of rats 24 hours
      after three daily injections of EDTA have no inclusion bodies. Whether the
      nuclear-cytoplasmic exchange occurs by dilation of a nuclear pore or by another
      mode of separation of nuclear membranes cannot be determined. This experiment
      demonstrates that nuclear inclusion bodies formed in lead poisoning are disrupted
      and removed from the nuclei by the administration of EDTA. This change
      corresponds with peak urinary excretion of lead. The sharp increase in urinary
      lead following EDTA therapy must reflect, at least in part, chelation and
      excretion of sequestered lead bound to nuclear protein.

PMID- 163420
TI  - [Surgical short-term treatment].

PMID- 163422
TI  - Pathology mediquiz. Case 5.

PMID- 163421
TI  - Patholgy mediquiz. Case 4.

PMID- 163423
TI  - Dermatology mediquiz. Case 3.

PMID- 163424
TI  - [Brain scintigraphy and neuroradiological examinations in the postoperative care
      of brain-tumor patients].

PMID- 163425
TI  - A plasma inhibitor of the renin-antirenin reaction and the in vitro generation of
      angiotensin I.
AB  - In the course of studies designed to develop a radioimmunoassay system for the
      detection of renin, we have identified in human plasma a potent inhibitor that
      interferes with the renin-antirenin reaction. Utilizing gel filtration, this
      renin-antirenin inhibitory activity was found to have the same molecular size as
      renin substrate. However, it could be separated from renin substrate by ion
      exchange chromatography. When fractions containing this activity were tested in
      an in vitro system containing renin and renin substrate, they were found to
      inhibit the generation of angiotensin I.

PMID- 163426
TI  - Out to make a difference.

PMID- 163427
TI  - Home is not sweet anymore.

PMID- 163428
TI  - Open door to help.

PMID- 163429
TI  - Power is not a dirty word.

PMID- 163430
TI  - The common cold in cats.

PMID- 163432
TI  - Antibodies to Epstein-Barr-virus antigens before and after the development of
      Burkitt's lymphoma in a patient treated for Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 163433
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 12-1975.

PMID- 163431
TI  - [Duplication of the left atrioventricular orifice (author's transl)].

PMID- 163434
TI  - Editorial: Myopathy with viral-like structures.

PMID- 163435
TI  - Case records of the Massachussetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 14-1975.

PMID- 163436
TI  - Transfusion-associated hepatitis not due to viral hepatitis type A or B.
AB  - Twenty-two patients who had an episode of transfusion-associated hepatitis not
      positive for hepatitis B antigen were examined for development of antibody to
      heaptitis A and B antigens, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. Antibody
      response to the 27-nm virus-like hepatitis A antigen was measured by immune
      electron microscopy. In none of the 22 patients studied did serologic evidence of
      infection with hepatitis A virus develop during the study period. Nine of the 22
      patients had antibody responses to cytomegalovirus, but it was difficult to
      relate these seroconversions to their hepatitis. In addition, all 22 patients had
      pre-existing antibody to the Epstein-Barr virus. It seems likely that at least a
      proportion of such antigen-negative transfusion-associated hepatitis is caused by
      other infectious agents, not yet identified.

PMID- 163437
TI  - Letter: Lower lymphocyte cyclic-AMP levels after aspirin.

PMID- 163438
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 15-1975.

PMID- 163439
TI  - Letter: Mechanism of levamisole effect on warts.

PMID- 163440
TI  - Purification of human uterine progesterone receptor.

PMID- 163441
TI  - Role of foetal adrenocorticotrophin during parturition in sheep.

PMID- 163442
TI  - Temperature-sensitive growth of cells transformed by ts-a mutant of polyoma
      virus.

PMID- 163443
TI  - Regulation of expression of lac operon by a novel function essential for cell
      growth.

PMID- 163444
TI  - Direct transformation of 3T3 cells by Abelson murine leukaemia virus.

PMID- 163445
TI  - The phosphorylated site of calf thymus F2b histone by the cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinase.

PMID- 163446
TI  - Induced agglutinability of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts.

PMID- 163447
TI  - Production of lymphoid tumours in hamsters by direct implantation of normal human
      leukocytes.

PMID- 163448
TI  - Computerized axial tomography: clinicopathologic correlation.
AB  - Between August 1973 and April 1974 more than 750 patients had computerized axial
      tomography (CT) scans at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Ten brains from
      previously CT-scanned patients in this group were sectioned in the plane of the
      scan. Nearly exact correlation was found between the anatomic location and extent
      of intracranial lesions demonstrated by CT scan and the findings on gross and
      microscopic pathologic examination in cases of primary intracranial tumors,
      obstructive hydrocephalus, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic and hemorrhagic
      infarctions, pineal tumor, and thermal-burn encephalopathy. Determination of
      absorption values (mu) of 47 pathologically verified processes showed that high
      absorption intracerebral hemorrhage and calcium-containing tumors are readily
      separable from other processes on the basis of mu values alone. However, the
      abnormal mu values of primary brain tumor, edema, and infarction are difficult to
      distinguish from those of normal spinal fluid and white matter.

PMID- 163449
TI  - Biochemical mapping of the noradrenergic projection from the locus coeruleus. A
      model for studies of brain neuronal pathways.
AB  - Mapping of the noradrenergic projection from neurons in the rat locus coeruleus
      has been examined by combining a sensitive radioisotopic assay for catecholamines
      with a microdissection technique to remove multiple separate brain nuclei. The
      effect of a unilateral locus coeruleus lesion on norepinephrine concentration in
      19 brain regions ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion was determined.
      Evidence for ipsilateral and bilateral innervation to specific regions is
      presented, and many regions appear to receive combined innervation from other
      noradrenergic loci, in addition to that from the locus coeruleus. Fluorescence
      rating was correlated with biochemical measurement of amine content with these
      techniques and proportionality was observed over a narrow range. With this
      proportionality taken into consideration, mapping results obtained by biochemical
      and fluorescence methods are compared.

PMID- 163450
TI  - Peripheral neuropathy in classic Niemann-Pick disease: ultrastructure of nerves
      and skeletal muscles.
AB  - A patient with classic (type A) Niemann-Pick disease had the usual clinical signs
      of failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and intellectual deterioration in the
      first year of life. In addition, there was striking hypotonia, areflexia, and
      abnormal nerve conduction velocities. Pathologically, the Schwann cells were
      filled with numerous cytoplasmic bodies. These bodies measured 1 mu in diameter
      and appeared to be dense, round masses with poorly defined internal structure but
      with occasional slightly curved parallel lines and small radiolucent areas.
      Peripheral nerve involvement may be a frequent finding in patients with classic
      Niemann-Pick disease.

PMID- 163452
TI  - Human muscle fiber fine structure: morphometric data on controls.
AB  - Muscle fiber fine structure was quantitatively analyzed in 70 longitudinally and
      65 transversely sectioned fibers from 10 control subjects without weakness. The
      average mitochondrial fraction of the fiber volume is close to 4 percent and the
      mean size of a mitochondrion is about 0.1 mum2. The sarcotubular surface area per
      unit fiber volume is close to 1.5 mum2/mum3 in transverse sections and 0.65 times
      this value in longitudinal sections. Only one-third of all fibers contain lipid
      droplets in the sectioned plane, and for all fibers the droplets account for
      approximately 0.12 percent of the fiber volume. Variations with the age and sex
      of the subjects and with different muscles were analyzed and the feasibility of
      typing human muscle fibers at the ultrastructural level was evaluated.

PMID- 163451
TI  - Myopathy associated with linear scleroderma. A histochemical and electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - Pathologic findings in biopsied rectus femoris muscle underlying an area of
      linear scleroderma are described. The affected muscle was weak and atrophic. On
      electromyography it showed motor unit potentials of decreased amplitude and
      duration. Light microscopic changes were minimal. There was atrophy of some
      histochemical type I fibers. More prominent changes were found at the
      ultrastructural level, where many of the capillary basal laminae were thickened
      and reduplicated. Most striking was the presence of two types of electron-dense,
      rounded inclusions within the mitochondria, one ranging from 29 to 47nm in
      diameter and the other from 54 to 131 nm in diameter.

PMID- 163453
TI  - Isolation of herpes simplex virus from the cerebrospinal fluid in viral
      meningitis.
AB  - Two cases of meningitis are reported in which the etiologic diagnosis was
      established by isolation of herpes simplex virus from the cerebrospinal fluid.
      Both patients were afebrile and had bradycardia when the cultures were obtained,
      and one patient had been thought to have leukemic meningitis. This experience
      added to that of others in the literature indicates the value of culture for
      herpes simplex virus in the cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 163454
TI  - Focal encephalitis in infectious mononucleosis simulating herpes simplex
      encephalitis: case report.

PMID- 163455
TI  - [Study of the action of tolbutamide on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical
      system in normal and obese subjects].
AB  - Changes in plasma cortisol during the tolbutamide test were evaluated in normal
      subjects and in obese patients with a normal (D = 60,1 plus or minus 8,3) or
      reduced (D = 23,2 plus or minus 9,5) blood sugar decrease coefficient. Increases
      were noted in normal subjects (from 14,0 plus or minus plus or minus 2,9 mug/100
      ml to 25,5 plus or minus 11,5 mug/100 ml) or in obese patients with normal D
      (from 15,7 plus or minus 5,1 mug/100 ml to 25,9 plus or minus 9,2 mug/100 ml),
      while no significant variations were observed in patients with depressed D.
      Though a direct corticosteroidogenetic effect and/or interference with liver
      metabolisation of cortisol (and increased clearance) cannot be excluded, the data
      suggest that increased blood cortisol following tolbutamide is secondary to the
      lowering blood sugar action of the drug.

PMID- 163456
TI  - Mixed tumors of oral cavity. Report of two cases.

PMID- 163457
TI  - Effect of exogenous estrogen on serum pregnenolone, cortisol, and androgens in
      postmenopausal women.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have included reports on the serum
      concentrations of the following steroids in premenopausal and postmenopausal
      women: pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, progesterone, 17
      hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone,
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, testosterone,
      dihydrotestosterone, estone, and estradiol 17-beta. In general the steroid levels
      were lower in postmenopausal subjects, and this difference was significant at P
      smaller than 0.05 for 8 of the steroids. The significantly decreased peripheral
      level of steroids in the postmenopausal state can be explained by decreases
      either in ovarian secretion of steroids or in ovarian stimulation of the adrenal
      cortex. Since the contribution of the adrenal cortex to the peripheral levels of
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) is greater than 95% in premenopausal
      women, a plausible explanation for the marked drop observed in peripheral DHEA-S
      levels after menopause is that the ovary influences the steroidogenic activity of
      the adrenal cortex. In such cases a decrease in the stimulation of the adrenal
      cortex by some ovarian steroids would be expected. Estrogen therapy in 10
      postmenopausal women resulted in significant increases in the serum levels of 3
      of the steroids compared to those in untreated subjects, confirming the postulate
      that ovarian estrogens stimulate the secretion of adrenal androgens.

PMID- 163458
TI  - A word of caution concerning photodynamic inactivation therapy for Herpesvirus
      hominis infections.

PMID- 163459
TI  - Bell's palsy associated with acute herpetic gingivostomatitis.
AB  - One of the most recent hypotheses relative to the cause of Bell's palsy is that
      involving the latent herpes simplex virus. A case is presented in which the
      primary infection of the facial nerve by the herpes simplex virus could have been
      a factor in the unilateral facial paralysis.

PMID- 163460
TI  - The odontogenic adenomatoid tumor. A comprehensive study of twenty new cases.
AB  - Twenty new cases of odontogenic adenomatoid tumor are added to the literature,
      bringing the total number of reported cases to 152. The clinical, radiographic,
      and microscopic findings in these cases support the previously reported data for
      this lesion. The odontogenic adenomatoid tumor is a benign lesion which arises
      from residual odontogenic epithelium. It should be treated conservatively, as
      there is no indication that this lesion will recur. The histogenesis of this
      lesion, as well as the origin of the esinophilic droplet material, is discussed.

PMID- 163461
TI  - Metastatic malignancy in the submandibular gland.
AB  - Metastatic disease in the major salivary glands has been observed and reported in
      the literature. Often the site of origin of the primary tumor is the skin or
      mucosal lining of the head and neck structures, and the primary tumors most
      commonly are melanomas or squamous-cell carcinomas. The most frequently involved
      salivary gland is the parotid. The submandibular and sublingual glands are rarely
      involved by mestastatic disease. Secondary lesions arising from distant primary
      tumors may occasionally involve the parotid gland, but they are extremely rare in
      the other major salivary glands. The second reported case of metastatic carcinoma
      in the submandibular gland is presented here. Our case and the previously
      reported case are similar in that both primary tumors originated in the breast.
      The clinical and morphologic features are reviewed.

PMID- 163462
TI  - [Virilizing thecocellular fibroma].

PMID- 163463
TI  - [Our experience with the treatment of human brucellosis].

PMID- 163464
TI  - [Letter: Virus infections in malignant tracheobronchitis in infants].

PMID- 163465
TI  - Multiple unit activity study of brain stem and limbic structures during
      environmental habituation and circadian rhythm.
AB  - Multiple unit activity (MUA) of brain stem, hypothalamic and limbic structures
      was studied during habituation to a novel environment and circadian rhythm in
      chronically implanted freely moving rats. MUA was analysed in the mesencephalic
      reticular formation (MRF), area hypothalami posterior (PH), basal nuclear group
      of amygdala (AMY), area septalis (SEPT), dorsal hippocampus (HIPP) and area
      hypothalami anterior (AH). It was found that in the novel environment MUA of all
      subcortical structures increased to a high level. During habituation MUA in each
      phase of wakefulness--sleep cycle decreased to stable low level both in brain
      stem and forebrain structures. Gradual decrease in MUA was characteristic to MRF,
      and a sharp decrease occured in AH and AMY. The environmental habituation proved
      to be a long lasting process in rat. During all phases of wakefulness--sleep
      cycle activity was significantly higher in the light period than in the dark, and
      MUA base level showed circadian variation both in brainstem and limbic
      structures. Close correlation was found between the actual MUA level and
      responsiveness to various sensory modalities both during habituation and
      circadian rhythm. The higher the MUA level, the higher the responsiveness, and a
      fall in activity was accompanied by decreased neuronal responsiveness.

PMID- 163466
TI  - Antagonism between parathyroid hormone and norepinephrine on cyclic adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels in isolated tubules from rat kidney cortex.
AB  - Isolated rat kidney cortex tubules were used as a model system to study the
      hormonal regulation of cyclic adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels in
      vitro. When incubated over 15 min, parathyroid hormone increased cAMP levels 4
      fold in the absence of inhibitors of cAMP phosphodiesterase. Norepinephrine in a
      concentration of 5-10-7 M which had itself no effect on cAMP levels under this
      condition, inhibited the effect of parathyroid hormone by 50%. This effect of the
      catecholamines could be completely abolished by the addition of an alpha-receptor
      blocking agent, phentolamine. The addition of an inhibitor of cAMP
      phosphodiesterase, in a concentration sufficient to prevent the breakdown of
      extratubular cAMP, potentiated hormone effects on cAMP levels. The antagonism
      between catecholamines and parathyroid hormone on cAMP levels was however not
      abolished by this treatment. This indicated that catecholamines probably
      inhibited parathyroid hormone stimulated cAMP formation. Since most of the cAMP
      was found to be intratubular, it can be assumed that norepinephrine and
      parathyroid hormone interact in the same cell. Proximal tubular sodium
      reabsorption and renal gluconeogenesis are discussed as possible events of this
      hormone interaction.

PMID- 163467
TI  - Adenylate cyclase activity along the rabbit nephron as measured in single
      isolated segments.
AB  - A method is described, which allows adenylate cyclase activity measurement in
      single pieces of various nephron segments. Tubular samples of 0.5 to 2 mm length
      were isolated by microdissection from collagenase treated slices of rabbit
      kidney. A photograph of each piece was taken in order to measure its length.
      After a permeabilisation treatment involving preincubation in a hypoosmotic
      medium and a freezing step, each sample was incubated for 30 mm at 30 degrees C
      in a medium containing high specific (alpha-32-P)-ATP 3-10-4 M, final volume 2.5
      mu 1. The (32P)-cAMP formed was separated from the other labelled nucleotides by
      filtering the incubate on a dry aluminium oxide microcolumn, 3H cAMP was added as
      a tracer for measuring cAMP recovery. The sensitivity of the method was found to
      be a few fentomoles (10-15 M) cAMP. cAMP generation increased linearly as a
      function of the incubation time up to more than 30 min, and as a function of the
      length of the segment used. Control and fluoride (5 mM) stimulated adenvlate
      cyclase activities were measured in the following segments of the nephron: early
      proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), pars recta of the proximal tubule (PR), thin
      descending limb of the loop (TDL), cortical portion of the thick ascending limb
      (CAL), distal convoluted tubule (dct), first branched portion of the collecting
      tubule (BCT), further cortical (CCT) and medullary (MCT) portions of the
      collecting tubule. Mean control adenylate cyclase activity varied from 7 (PR) to
      75 (BCT) fmoles/mm/30 min. Flouride addition resulted in a 10 (BCT) to 50 (PR)
      fold increase in enzyme activity. Series of replicates gave a scatter equal to
      plus or minus 20% (S.D. as a per cent of the mean). The method described appears
      to be suitable to determine which nephron segments contain hormone-dependent
      adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 163468
TI  - PTH sensitive adenyl cyclase activity in different segments of the rabbit
      nephron.
AB  - PTH sensitive adenylate cyclase activity was measured in 9 different segments of
      the nephron, isolated by microdissection from collagenase-treated rabbit kidney
      slices. The enzyme of the following segments was stimulated by PTH, 1 U/ml: PCT.
      (proximal convoluted tubule); PR (pars recta); CAL (cortical portion of the thick
      ascending limb); DCT (distal convoluted tubule); BCT (first, branched portion of
      the collecting tubule); the segments which did not respond to PTH were: TDL (thin
      descending limb): MAL (medullary portion of the thick ascending limb); CCT
      (cortical portion of the collecting tubule distally adjacent to BCT); MCT
      (collecting tubule from the outer medulla). PTH sensitive adenylate cyclase per
      mm tubule in PR was half that measured in PCT. Half maximal stimulation
      corresponded to 50-100mm U/ml PTH (1-2 times 10-8M) in both PCT and PR, and to
      about 350 mm U/ml in CAL. PTH (1 U/ml) stimulation factors ranged from 5 to 60
      depending on the structures. It is concluded that in addition to PCT and PR, CAL
      and BCT might be target structures involved in the physiological actions of PTH
      on the kidney.

PMID- 163470
TI  - [Dose-time effects of competitive displacement of radiopertechnetate by sodium
      perchlorate following oral and intravenous administration].
AB  - The effect of various doses of sodium perchlorate in several dose fractions on
      the extent and the time scale of displacement of radiopertechnetate, in
      dependence on application mode, was studied. An intravenous dose of 50 mg
      perchlorate was in respect of competitive suppression of organs actively
      concentrating pertechnetate as effective as intravenous 1000 mg ClO-4-
      simultaneously or 1000 mg orally 30 min before the injection of
      radiopertechnetate. An intravenous injection of perchlorate given later also
      produces a complete and immediately beginning depletion of pertechnetate already
      accumulated in the thyroid, within a period of 195 min after 99m-TcO-4-injection
      with a corresponding increase in blood levels. 20 mg result in incomplete
      depletion which becomes complete after a second additional dose. The intravenous
      application of perchlorate offers advantages in clinical use.

PMID- 163471
TI  - The discharge crisis: the experience of families of psychiatric patients.
AB  - Families of 16 psychiatric patients were interviewed immediately prior to
      discharge regarding the impending discharge of their relative, events prior to
      admission, and the families' impression of the hospitalization. Despite wide
      variation sample families' descriptors and differences in exposure to the
      treatment settings, there was a marked uniformity in responses. The families were
      not prepared for the discharge of their relative. In spite of their experiences
      and exposure to treatment, families continued to demonstrate tremendous
      uncertainty and lack of direction about the future with the patient. Families did
      not view the patient as ready to be discharged. They had not experienced an
      opportunity to express their views or participate in decision making. They did
      not consider the staff as a resource for themselves.

PMID- 163469
TI  - Studies on the pathogenicity of high- and low-passages of a Marek's disease virus
      (CPRL II).

PMID- 163472
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis: the kissing disease.

PMID- 163473
TI  - [Mechanism of hormonal action mediated by cyclic 3', 5' AMP].

PMID- 163474
TI  - [Toxicity of cadmium].

PMID- 163475
TI  - [Biological aspects of threats posed to human health by aflatoxin].

PMID- 163476
TI  - [Spin-labels and their application in biochemical investigation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 163477
TI  - [Regulation of the biosynthesis of acetylcholine (author's transl)].

PMID- 163478
TI  - [Structure and function of human blood lipoproteins (author's transl)].

PMID- 163479
TI  - Cadmium-its in vivo detection in man.
AB  - Neutron capture gamma-ray analysis has been applied to the in vivo detection of
      Cd in man. The technique was designed for the screening of industrial workers at
      risk. The limit of sensitivity in a liver-sized phantom is 0-5 ppm for a dose of
      0-4 rad. Reproducibility and the effects of positional uncertainties have been
      investigated. A number of cadavers were studied to establish normal limits prior
      to commencement of a programme of clinical investigation. A patient with known Cd
      poisoning was estimated to contain 65-110 ppm of Cd in his liver. A liver dose of
      0-05 rad was required.

PMID- 163480
TI  - A comparative study of agar overlay and standard tissue culture methods for
      isolation of enteroviruses.
AB  - A study was made of the isolation of enteroviruses from 62 cerebrospinal fluids
      and 141 autopsy specimens with standard fluid monolayer tissue culture methods
      and tissue cultures under agar overlay with and without added MgCl2 (0.025M).
      Sixteen virus isolations were made only by the overlay method, two only by the
      standard technique, and six by both procedures. Additional studies were carried
      out on 975 diagnostic specimens of various types with standard tissue culture
      methods and with primary rhesus kidney cells under agar overlay containing 0.025M
      MgCl2. Seventeen virus isolations were made only by the overlay procedure, 20
      only by the standard tissue culture method, and 75 by both techniques. Since
      there were instances in which either the agar overlay or the standard method
      alone succeeded in isolating a virus, use of both types of procedures would be
      desirable to isolate as many enteroviruses as possible from clinical specimens.

PMID- 163481
TI  - ESR kinetics of a free radical conversion in gamma-irradiated oriented DNA.

PMID- 163482
TI  - Environmental mutagenic hazards.

PMID- 163483
TI  - Infectious diseases in primitive societies.
AB  - Incidence of various infectious diseases in several Amazon Indian tribes has been
      determined serologically. Diseases that infect only man fall into two distinct
      categories. Those which can persist in an individual for a prolonged period are
      highly endemic, but those which are infectious only in the acute phase die out
      quickly after introduction. The suggestion is made that the latter diseases could
      not perpetuate themselves before the advent of advanced cultures and did not
      exert selective pressures on the human genetic constitution until relatively
      recently.

PMID- 163484
TI  - Sleep and cardiac rhythm in the gray seal.
AB  - Telemetric studies of electroencephalograms, electrocardiograms, and
      electroculograms and concurrent observations of behavior revealed that seals can
      sleep underwater, on the surface, or while hauled out. Rapid eye movement
      preceded slow wave sleep and was accompanied by increased respiratory rate and
      rhythmic tachycardia. While slow wave sleep occurred under all sleep conditions,
      rapid eye movement occurred only when a seal was hanging at the water surface or
      hauled out, never underwater.

PMID- 163485
TI  - Metabolic consequences of diving in animals and man.

PMID- 163486
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase activity: control by cyclic nucleotides.
AB  - Both exposure to cold and administration of aminophylline result in rapid
      increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the adrenal medulla
      and adrenal cortex. These increases are followed by dramatic increases in
      ornithine decarboxylase activity is due to new enzyme systhesis. The data suggest
      that the decarboxylase activity is regulated by an increase in cyclic AMP.

PMID- 163487
TI  - Selection of a variant lymphoma cell deficient in adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Isoproterenol, a stimulator of adenylate cyclase, was used to select a stable
      variant clone of mouse lymphosarcoma cells deficient in the enzyme. The inability
      of four different stimulators to activate cyclic adenosine monophosphate
      synthesis in the variant, in contrast to its wild-type parent, implies that in
      normal cells one type of adenylate cyclase molecular can respond to different
      activators.

PMID- 163488
TI  - Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP may mediate opposite neuronal responses in the rat
      cerebral cortex.
AB  - Electrophysiologically identified pyramidal tract neurons in the rat cerebral
      cortex were tested with norepinephrine, acetylcholine, adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP), and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP)
      applied by microiontophoresis. The neurons were usually inhibited by
      norepinephrine and cyclic AMP, but excited by acetylcholine and cyclic GMP. These
      opposing responses of pyramidal tract neurons to cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP
      suggests that these two nucleotides could function as reciprocal intracellular
      second messengers for norepinephrine and acetylcholine, respectively.

PMID- 163489
TI  - Primate type C virus p30 antigen in cells from humans with acute leukemia.
AB  - Antigens related to the major structural protein (p30) of type C viruses isolated
      from a woolly monkey and a gibbon ape were found in peripheral white blood cells
      from five patients with acute leukemia.

PMID- 163490
TI  - Potassium chloride-induced lordosis behavior in rats is mediated by the adrenal
      glands.

PMID- 163491
TI  - Phosphorylation of lymphocyte nuclear acidic proteins: regulation by cyclic
      nucleotides.
AB  - Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and cholinergic agents stimulate
      incorporation of phosphate into specific nuclear acidic proteins of horse
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. Agents that raise intracellular adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) inhibit nuclear acidic protein phosphorylation. The
      opposing effects of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP upon nuclear protein
      phosphorylation parallel the effects of the cyclic nucleotides upon induction of
      lymphocyte proliferation.

PMID- 163492
TI  - Insulin-induced augmentation of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - Physiologic concentrations of insulin enhance the ability of cytotoxic
      lymphocytes to injure target cells. The effect of insulin closely resembles the
      action of cholinomimetics and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate upon this system.
      Since both insulin and cholinomimetics elevate intracellular concentrations of
      guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate, a common mode of action is suggested.

PMID- 163493
TI  - Prolactin receptors in rat liver: possible induction by prolactin.
AB  - A prolactin receptor, present in adult female rat liver, can be induced in males
      by estrogen. Hypophysectomy diminished receptor levels in the female and rendered
      males unresponsive to estrogen. A renal pituitary implant blunted the decrease in
      hypophysectomized females and induced the receptor in hyophysectomized males. The
      increased receptor level in hypophysectomized males with a renal pituitary
      implant was preceded by a sustained elevation of circulating prolactin. Our
      observations suggest that prolactin induces its own receptor.

PMID- 163494
TI  - Butylated hydroxytoluene inactivated lipid-containing viruses.
AB  - Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is widely used as a food preservative for its
      antioxidizing property. This small, hydrophobic molecule has been found to be a
      potent inactivator of lipid-containing mammalian and bacterial viruses.

PMID- 163495
TI  - Electron spin resonance for detecting polyadenylate tracts in RNA's.
AB  - Electron spin resonance is used to detect RNA's that contain polyadenylate
      tracts. The method depends on the ability of RNA's that contain polyadenylate
      sequences to associate with poly(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro)uridylic acid, which has been
      spin-labeled with 4-(2-iodoacetamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl. The
      formation of the hybridization product can be detected by monitoring the decrease
      in mobility of the spin probe.

PMID- 163496
TI  - Formation of the enzymatic apparatus of respiration in growing cells.
      Communication II. Reorganization of the respiratory cycle of mitochondria in the
      corn root tip.
AB  - The content of cytochromes a,b and c, the activity of marker enzymes of the
      matrix and inner membrane of the mitochondria: glutamate dehydrogenase and
      cytochrome oxidase, as well as the rate of absorption of O2 by root segments in
      the presence of respiratory substrates, oxygen, inhibitors of respiration, and
      dinitrophenol, were determined. The intensification of cell respiration in the
      phase of elongation is determined not so much by new formation of cytochrome
      components of the respiratory cycle (during this period there is an accumulation
      only of cytochrome c) as by reorganization of the respiratory cycle (primarily
      its portion NADH - cytochrome b) and synthesis of enzymes of the matrix.

PMID- 163497
TI  - Investigation of oogenesis in hydra. Communication I. Ultrastructure of
      interstitial cells at early stages of their transformation into oocytes.
AB  - We studied ultrastructure of the interstitial cells (i-cells) at successive
      stages of their transformation into oocytes. The i-cells that form the epidermal
      thickening in the genital zone of the animal start to proliferate in hydras
      approaching sexual reproduction. Undifferentiated i-cells are characterized by a
      high density of diffusely disposed ribosomes and almost total absence of
      membranous structures. Femal sex cells starting to undergo differentiation are
      characterized by the appearance of aggregations of finely filamentous material in
      the cytoplasm. This material is of nuclear origin and is often surrounded by
      mitochondria. Dimensions of the i-cells increase rapidly, and single elongated
      cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum appear in them. These cisterns run
      parallel to the cell surface and give rise to minute smooth-surfaced vesicles,
      whose membranes fuse wtih the cytoplasmic membrane in such a way that their
      contents are emptied into the intercellular space. Different sectors of the cell
      are marked by the appearance of grouped cisterns of the granular endoplasmic
      reticulum. Such cisterns give rise to smooth-surfaced vesicles, which form
      numerous Golgi complexes. The number of mitochondria increases simultaneously;
      aggregations of lipid drops with glycogen granules among them start to appear;
      and escape of nuclear material into the cytplasm intensifies. Such cells at the
      stage of cytoplasmic growth and accumulation of organelles and yolk inclusions.
      In connection with this, it is suggested that the term "oogonium" (which is used
      to designate such cells in the literature) be retained only for proliferating i
      cells containing finely filamentous nuclear material in the cytoplasm in the
      genital zone of the hydra.

PMID- 163498
TI  - [Malignant liver neoplasms in their clinico-functional and morphological
      aspects].

PMID- 163499
TI  - [Leukocytolysis reaction in the detection of viral allergy in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 163500
TI  - Letter: Oral polio immunisation.

PMID- 163501
TI  - Mesothelial reaction of asbestos and other irritants after intraperitoneal
      injection.
AB  - Ten groups of rats were injected intraperitoneally with one of the following
      suspensions; (i) standard reference crocidolite; (ii) acid-treated crocidolite
      (iii) crocidolite plus iron oxide; (iv) crocidolite plus silica; (v) iron oxide;
      (vi) silica; (vii) long fibre crocidolite; (viii) short fibre crocidolite; (ix)
      long fibre glass and (x) short fibre glass. Two rats from each group were killed
      at 45, 90, 150, 240 and 330 days respectively, and the pathology induced by the
      different suspensions was studied histologically at each time interval. No
      evidence in support of the chemical induction theory or mechanical irritation
      theory in the pathogenesis of peritoneal mesotheliomas could be found, although
      all the suspensions except iron oxide caused a reactive mesothelium.

PMID- 163502
TI  - Technique and results of endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiography. A
      preliminary report on 140 patients.
AB  - Endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiography (ERPC) has been performed in 140
      patients, mainly Blacks and Indians. The first 100 patients have been analysed.
      The greatest diagnostic yield in this series is in (suspected) obstructive
      jaundice, where 26 diagnoses were made in 35 patients. In 40 patients with
      pancreatitis, the widest ducts were seen in 12 patients with calcific
      pancreatitis, but the procedure was of less help than expected. This was because
      no patients with continual pain after cessation of alcohol intake were found with
      operable strictures of the main pancreatic duct. The pancreatic function test
      with secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin correctly diagnosed 4 patients
      with non-calcific pancreatitis in whom the ERPC was normal. There was a useful
      diagnostic yield in patients with unexplained upper gastrointestinal symptoms (15
      diagnoses were made in 23 patients).

PMID- 163503
TI  - The inhibition of c-AMP-phosphodiesterase by phenobarbitone.
AB  - The early effects of phenobarbitone, theophylline, thyroxine and of combinations
      of these drugs, on rat liver microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity, were
      studied, and the results were compared with the effect of phenobarbitone on
      purified c-AMP-phosphodiesterase in vitro. The stimulatory effect of
      phenobarbitone on hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity was found to be
      simulated by theophylline, and also by thyroxine. When phenobarbitone and
      thyroxine were used, the effect was approximately equal to the sum of the
      individual effects, but no summation was seen when phenobarbitone and
      theophylline were used. Phenobarbitone caused an inhibition of c-AMP
      phosphodiesterase activity in vitro. The magnitude of this inhibitory effect was
      found to be dependent on the dose of phenobarbitone. The significance of c-AMP
      phosphodiesterase inhibition by phenobarbitone is discussed.

PMID- 163504
TI  - [Hormonal and metabolic disorders in Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome].

PMID- 163505
TI  - Clinical staging and treatment of primary lung cancer.

PMID- 163506
TI  - Thrombin mimetic effects of estrogen: II. Gel filtration and centrifugal evidence
      for estrogen induced polymerization of fibrinogen derivatives.

PMID- 163507
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of acute herpetic stomatitis in children].

PMID- 163508
TI  - [A rare case of Wilms' tumor metastasizing to the mandible in a child].

PMID- 163509
TI  - Ultrasound in diagnosis of congenital hydronephrosis due to obstruction of
      pelviureteric junction.
AB  - The use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of upper abdominal masses with
      nonfunctioning kidneys is described. Two cases of congential hydronephrosis due
      to obstruction of the pelviuretic junction are presented, both of which were
      diagnosed by B-scan ultrasound examination. Diagnostic ultrasound is a simple,
      noninvasive and reliable method of differentiating cystic from solid lesions and
      of assessing whether or not a mass is renal or extrarenal. It is recommended that
      all patients seen with an upper abdominal mass and/or nonfunctioning kidney be
      examined by ultrasound.

PMID- 163510
TI  - [First observations after the use of fetal cornea, dehydrated with silica gel,
      for therapeutic lamellar keratoplasty].

PMID- 163511
TI  - [Certain ophthalmological aspects of the problem of stress].

PMID- 163513
TI  - [Observation of "mixed" tumor of the nose].

PMID- 163512
TI  - [Cylindromas of the nose and paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 163514
TI  - [Case of iodolipol remaining a long time in the brain].

PMID- 163515
TI  - Feline leukaemia virus and its clinical effects in cats.
AB  - Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection is common among cats where contact is
      high. The virus can be transmitted readily between cats. It causes a variety of
      haemopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms; the most common types are alimentary,
      multicentric and thymic lymphosarcoma and lymphatic leukaemia. The virus is
      involved in the aetiology of certain other diseases including anaemia,
      glomerulonephritis and an immunosuppressive syndrome which predisposes cats to
      intercurrent infections. Many infected cats mount an immune response and do not
      suffer from any of these. The immune status is shown by serum antibody levels to
      feline leukaemia virus associated cell membrane antigens. Cats with a titre of 32
      or more are most unlikely to suffer any ill effects and may eliminate the virus
      infection. The outcome of infection in an individual cat depends on the
      immunological competence of the cat, the dose of virus received and its ability
      to induce immunosuppression. FeLV infection can be detected by examination of
      tissues by electron microscopy, and by culture of virus from plasma and other
      tissues. In the United States, a method is now in use for the detection of
      leukaemia virus antigen in peripheral blood leukocytes; this is carried out on
      ordinary blood films. Successful prototype vaccines have been developed against
      FeLV. This paper describes the natural history of the virus, the diseases in
      which it is implicated and discusses recently developed diagnostic methods.

PMID- 163516
TI  - Equine infectious respiratory disease.
AB  - During the past 20 years the equine population of Great Britain and Ireland has
      increased with the result that the practising veterinary surgeon is more
      frequently called upon to advise on equine problems. A significant portion of
      this advice is concerned with the examination of horses showing signs of this
      advice is concerned with the examination of horses showing signs of respiratory
      disease. Numerous pathogens, which include viruses, bacteria, parasites and
      moulds invade the respiratory tract causing similar signs of illness. It is
      therefore difficult to provide an aetiological diagnosis based on a clinical
      examination. Field studies supported by laboratory investigations have
      established that influenza and herpes viruses are frequently responsible for
      outbreaks of disease. Epidemiological studies suggest that other factors
      including the immune state of the equine population influence the distribution
      and severity of respiratory disease. The aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and
      control of equine infectious respiratory disease are discussed below.

PMID- 163517
TI  - Viral enteritis of calves.
AB  - Calf diarrhoea is an important cause of economic loss.  The aetiology of the
      disease is considered with particular reference to the role of viruses.  Although
      many microbial organisms have been associated with the disease, there is doubt
      concerning their true role as causative agents.  Two viruses, neonatal calf
      diarrhoea reovirus-life agent and calf coronavirus, have been discovered recently
      which appear to play an important role in many cases of diarrhoea and the
      evidence for considering them to be primary causes of the disease is discussed.

PMID- 163518
TI  - Bedding materials for cubicles.
AB  - With the shortage of straw, its increasing cost, its handling and storage,
      farmers are seeking suitable alternative bedding materials for cubicles.

PMID- 163519
TI  - [Cultivation of the foot-and-mouth disease virus in continuosly inoculated cells
      of piglet kidney].

PMID- 163520
TI  - [Ethiology of infectious enterotexemia of sheep].

PMID- 163521
TI  - [Setting up a neutralization reaction for the foot-and-mouth disease virus].

PMID- 163522
TI  - [Complement fixation micromethod for determining the type of foot-and-mouth
      disease virus].

PMID- 163523
TI  - Mixed Mullerian tumors of the uterus. Ultrastructural studies on the
      differentiation of rhabdomyoblasts.
AB  - In the present study the differentiation of rhabdomyoblasts of two
      carcinosarcomas of the uterus is analysed electronmicroscopically. During the
      development of rhabdomyoblasts three cell types can be distinguished: 1. the
      undifferentiated mesenchymal cell with abundant ribosomes but few other cell
      organelles. Usually these cells are already associated to each other in strands
      of 2-4 cells. Occasionally cytoplasmic areas with numerous nonspecific filaments
      can be observed. 2. the light rhabdomyoblast which is characterized by its
      conspicuous nonspecific cytoplasmic filaments and its reduction in ribosomes.
      Specific myofilaments can be visualized only occasionally in this cell type. 3.
      more differentiated rhabdomyoblasts. These cells can be identified clearly by the
      presence of large numbers of myofibrils and myofibrillar fragments. Higly
      organized myofibrils as seen in skeletal muscle are seldom found. Transitional
      forms between these cell types are also observed. The functions of Z-bodies and
      of the sarcotubular system in the process of myofibrillar differentiation are
      discussed.

PMID- 163524
TI  - Persistence of vesicular stomatitis virus in interferon-treated cell cultures.

PMID- 163525
TI  - Kinetics of propagation of B-tropic murine leukemia virus on Fv-1b cell lines:
      requirement for multiple cycles of cell replication for transformation and viral
      antigen expression by RadLV.

PMID- 163526
TI  - Fractionation of biologically active and inactive populations of human rhinovirus
      type 2.

PMID- 163527
TI  - Sensitization of HeLa cells for viral RNA infection by cytochalasin B.

PMID- 163528
TI  - Studies on the regulation of deoxypyrimidine kinases in normal, SV40-transformed
      and SV40- and adenovirus-infected mouse cells in culture.

PMID- 163529
TI  - Secondary scanning electron microscopy of cells infected with murine
      oncornaviruses.

PMID- 163530
TI  - RNA synthesis by temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus, New
      Jersey serotype.

PMID- 163531
TI  - In vitro assembly of polioviruses. IV. Evidence for the existence of two assembly
      steps in the formation of empty capsids from 14 S particles.

PMID- 163532
TI  - Characterization of defective SV40 isolated from SV40-transformed cells.

PMID- 163533
TI  - Mutations altering genetic recombination and repair of DNA in bacteriophage T4.

PMID- 163534
TI  - The methionyl transfer RNAs of Rous sarcoma virus.

PMID- 163535
TI  - Amino acid acceptor activity of replicative form from some Tymovirus RNA's.

PMID- 163536
TI  - Synthesis of proteins in cells infected with herpesvirus. X. Proteins excreted by
      cells infected with herpes simplex virus, types 1 and 2.

PMID- 163537
TI  - Variation in susceptibility of different cell types to temperature-sensitive host
      range mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2.

PMID- 163538
TI  - Nucleic acids of RNA tumor viruses: identification and ultrastructure.

PMID- 163539
TI  - Electron microscopy of viral RNA: avian tumor virus RNA.

PMID- 163540
TI  - Structure of the mengo virion. III. Purification and amino acid compositions of
      the major capsid polypeptides.

PMID- 163541
TI  - Structural proteins of a human papovavirus (BK virus): a comparison with the
      structural proteins of simian virus 40.

PMID- 163542
TI  - Sites in the polyoma genome cleaved by restriction endonuclease HindII.

PMID- 163543
TI  - Genetic studies with herpes simplex virus type 1: quantitative analysis of the
      products from two-factor crosses.

PMID- 163544
TI  - Demonstration of a cellular inhibitor of Epstein-Barr and cytomegalovirus
      synthesis.

PMID- 163545
TI  - Genetic studies with herpes simplex virus type 1. Analysis of mixed plaque
      forming virus and its bearing on genetic recombination.

PMID- 163546
TI  - Fusion inhibition: bioassay of type C viral protein.

PMID- 163547
TI  - [Reaction of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system to the action of an SHF
      field].

PMID- 163548
TI  - [Mixed viral infections in premature newborn infants].

PMID- 163549
TI  - [Rare benign tumors of the lungs].

PMID- 163550
TI  - [Malignant neoplasm morbidity among the population of the USSR].

PMID- 163551
TI  - [Possibilities for comprehensive fibrogastroscopic and cytological studies in the
      diagnosis of stomach cancer].

PMID- 163552
TI  - [Effect of Rous sarcoma virus on the acid phosphatase activity in cells sensitive
      and naturally resistant to the virus].

PMID- 163553
TI  - [Comparative study of the low-molecular nuclear RNAs in the rat and in Seidel's
      hepatoma].

PMID- 163554
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinemia as a risk factor in coronary disease in males].

PMID- 163556
TI  - [Case of sarcoma phylloides of the breast].

PMID- 163555
TI  - [Weber-Christian disease with severe clinical course].

PMID- 163557
TI  - [Cyclic AMP - its importance for clinical medicine].

PMID- 163558
TI  - The development of the primitive epithelium and true tegument in the cercaria of
      Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - The formation of the final cercarial tegument of Schistosoma mansoni is preceded
      by that of a so-called primitive epithelium. The primitive epithelium is derived
      from the tegument of the daughter sporocyst. The final cercarial tegument is
      formed from peripherally located somatic cells of the cercarial embryo, which
      expand and coalesce beneath the primitive epithelium. The primitive epithelium
      degenerates and disappears. The ultrastructure of both epithelia in the course of
      the development of the cercaria is described in detail. Possible functions are
      discussed.

PMID- 163559
TI  - The cytopathology of metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - A comparison was made between the histopathologic and cytopathologic appearances
      of 45 cases of metastatic breast cancer and the histopathologic appearance of
      their primary neoplasms. Metastatic infiltrating duct carcinoma in body cavity
      fluids presented with an admixture of single cells and tissue fragments in a
      ratio of 0.86 to 1. The most commonly occurring tissue fragments were well
      circumscribed round to oval masses of cells, true acini and cells in tandem
      arrangement. The cells of metastatic infiltrating duct carcinoma were very
      pleomorphic ranging from 11.5 to 22 micrometers in diameter. Metastatic
      infiltrating lobular carcinoma in body cavity fluids presented as a population of
      primarily single cells with a ratio of 13 single cells to each tissue fragment.
      The rare tissue fragment encountered was a group loosely cohesive cells without
      nuclear molding by the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. The individual cells had
      extremely high nuclear/cellular ratios and were uniform in size ranging in
      diameter from 10.5 to 14 micrometers. The presentation of metastatic infiltrating
      lobular carcinoma was very similar to that of lymphomas in body cavity fluids and
      cerebrospinal fluids and may pose a problem in differential diagnosis.

PMID- 163560
TI  - Serum growth hormone and gonadotrophins and urinary steroids in adolescent girls.
AB  - In a series of 146 school girls and nurses in the serum levels of growth hormone
      (GH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were
      determined in the afternoon after 4-5 hours' fast. Blood specimens of the
      menstruating girls were taken on the 7th to 10th day from the beginning of the
      preceding menstrual bleeding. From the 24-hour urines collected on the previous
      day the excretion of total oestrogens, 17-ketosteroids and 17
      hydrocorticosteroids was determined. The series was grouped according to skeletal
      age which varied from 8.0 years to the adult stage. In the girls aged 11-13 years
      the GH curve showed a significant rise parallel with the mean height curve. The
      FSH values at the early age of 8-9 years corresponded to the follicular phase of
      adult women. The LH level increased syteeply up to the 15th year of bone age and
      mean values of adults were found to be about three times those of childhood. The
      excretion of total oestrogens and 17-ketosteroids increased steadily up to the
      full maturity of skeletal age. In the oldest group of girls the excretion was
      about four times that of the group aged 8-9 years. The hormonal maturation seems
      to continue until late puberty. The 17-OHCS, on the other hand, reached the adult
      level in the group with a bone age of 13 years. The excretion of 17-OHCS shows a
      steep rise from the age of 11 to 12 years and this acceleration of excretion
      perhaps exceeds the increase in surface area.

PMID- 163561
TI  - Studies on isolated rat adrenal cells. I. Continuous flow and batch incubation.
AB  - A procedure for the continuous flow incubation of isolated adrenal cells is
      described. In this way the advantages of continuous flow incubations of adrenal
      tissue are combined with those of isolated adrenal cells. Suspensions of isolated
      adrenal cells were prepared by a modification of the collagenase method. A
      sigmoid dose-response curve was obtained when these cells were incubated with
      ACTH in batch incubations. Under these conditions (in the presence of 1 mU
      ACTH/ml) the corticosterone production rate remained constant during at least 240
      min. This production rate was linearly related to the number of cells. Pre
      incubation of the cells during 3 h resulted in an increased response to ACTH. In
      continuous flow incubations without ACTH the corticosterone production was
      negligible. With 100 mu U ACTH/ml corticosterone production increased sharply
      after a short lag period. A maximum was reached after 60-75 min followed by a
      slow decrease. Cells pre-incubated in the continuous flow apparatus had a
      slightly diminished ACTH response without loss of affinity to ACTH. The
      continuous flow incubation of isolated adrenal cells offers new possibilities for
      the dynamic study of steroid biosynthesis in vitro. The method may also be
      valuable to study processes in a wide variety of other tissues.

PMID- 163562
TI  - Affinity and specificity of antisera against human FSH and TSH obtained by
      immunizing rabbits with highly purified hormone preparations.
AB  - Two groups of 4 rabbits were immunized according to the method described by
      Vaitukaitis et al. (1971). One group was given 55 mu g (900 IU) FSH/animal and
      the other 100 mu g (o.5 IU) TSH/animal. Two highly specific antisera against FSH
      and one specific antiserum against TSH were obtained. The FSH antisera showed
      affinities towards LH and TSH of 0.13 and 0.25% respectively as compared to that
      of FSH. The TSH antisera showed affinities towards LH and FSH of 2.2 and 1.7%
      respectively as compared to that of TSH. The specific antisera showed no or minor
      affinities towards the LH-alpha subunit and they were sufficient specific to be
      used in the radioimmunoassay of serum from pregnant women without pre-absorption
      with HCG. Scatchard plots showed the association constants of the FSH antisera to
      be 1.3 times 10-11 and 1.2 times 10-11 1/mol respectively, and the association
      constant of the TSH antiserum to be 6 times 10-10 1/mol. All 3 antisera showed
      high titers.

PMID- 163563
TI  - Accumulation of cyclic AMP in hypothyroidism. Decreased sensitivity to
      norepinephrine in rat adipocytes.
AB  - The effect of hypothyroidism on the noradrenaline-induced accumulation of 3H
      cyclic-AMP was measured in rat epididymal adipose tissue. Adipocytes from
      hypothyroid animals showed a decreased response to noradrenaline 0.02-0.2 times
      10-5 m, while higher concentrations of the catecholamine seemed to elicit the
      same response in cells obtained from euthyroid or hypothyroid animals. The
      diminished sensitivity to noradrenaline was unaltered after the addition of
      phentolamine. It is suggested that thyroid hormones modulate the catecholamine
      induced lipolytic response at least partly through the adenyl cyclase cyclic-AMP
      system.

PMID- 163564
TI  - Seasonal patterns of sleep stages and secretion of cortisol and growth hormone
      during 24 hour periods in northern Norway.
AB  - A group of 7 healthy male subjects was studied in regard to sleep stages and 24 h
      plasma cortisol and growth hormone patterns during the 4 seasons of the year in
      an Arctic environment (Tromso, Norway). No difference in total sleep or sleep
      stage per cents was found for any of the yearly seasons. A small but statistical
      significant increase in mean plasma cortisol concentration and amount secreted
      for 24 h was found for the autumn-winter seasons, as compared with the spring and
      summer. However, no difference in the circadian curve of cortisol hormonal
      pattern was found. All subjects secreted growth hormone shortly after sleep onset
      at night and no difference was found as a function of season of the year.

PMID- 163565
TI  - Virilizing adrenocortical adenoma responsive to gonadotrophin.
AB  - A virilizing adrenocortical adenoma was demonstrated in a yound female. Urinary
      17-ketosteroid excretion and subfractions, plasma testosterone level and urinary
      17-ketogenic steroid excretion were markedly increased. Dehydroepiandrosterone
      was the main constituent of the androgen excess. Otherwise the adrenocortical
      function was found to be normal as evaluated from measurements of cortisol,
      corticosterone and their metabolites under basal conditions and during dynamic
      tests. The androgen excess showed an unexpected response to trophic hormones.
      Human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation resulted in a pronounced increase in
      androgen production, whereas no gonadotrophin-dependency could be demonstrated by
      means of the oestrogen suppression test. Similarly, no corticotrophin-dependency
      could be demonstrated by corticotrophin stimulation and suppression tests.
      Removal of the tumour resulted in normalization of the androgen production and no
      abnormal response upon human chorionic gonadotrophin administration could now be
      found. The inappropriate response of tumours to trophic hormones is discussed. It
      is concluded that the reliability of stimulation and suppression tests in
      determining the site of excessive androgen production should be accepted with
      reservation.

PMID- 163566
TI  - Dissociation of in vivo and in vitro "autonomy" in human adrenocortical tumour.
AB  - The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome due to "autonomous adrenocortical tumour" has
      been established in a patient by appropriate examinations (especially
      dexamethasone suppression test, ACTH stimulation test, ACTH measurement by
      radioimmunoassay). Isolated cells have been prepared from a piece of the tumour
      by a trypsin technique so that the action of ACTH on steriodogenesis in these
      cells could be studied in vitro. Basal production of corticosteroids by the
      isolated tumour cells was low (0.3 mu plus or minus 0.04/2 h/10-5 cells).
      Addition of ACTH induced a dose-dependent stimulation of corticosteroid
      production. The tumour cells appeared to be unable to produce corticosteroids in
      the absence of ACTH; maximal production was rather low (1.38 mu plus or minus
      0.07/2 h/10-5 cells). A possible explanation for the discrepancies between
      endocrine function tests and the results of the in vitro studies is given.

PMID- 163567
TI  - Oestradiol-17 beta uptake in vitro into the nuclei of endometrium from different
      regions of the human uterus.
AB  - Specimens of endometrium from the vault, body and lower body regions of the same
      human uteri were incubated separately for 30 min in vitro in the presence of 1-6
      times 10-9 M 3H-oestradiol. Uptake into the nuclei was variable but in general
      the vault region endometrium was least active in nuclear accumulation of the
      hormone, especially in secretory phase endometrium. This suggests that intra
      uterine variations found in oestradiol uptake in vivo are due to regional
      differences in the state of the tissue itself.

PMID- 163568
TI  - Endocrine changes before and after the menarche. II. Serum levels of growth
      hormone and alkaline phosphatase, and urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17
      hydroxycorticosteroids.

PMID- 163569
TI  - Abnormal regulation of aldosterone in hypertension.

PMID- 163570
TI  - The sick-sinus syndrome in Africans.
AB  - Fifteen cases of the sick-sinus syndrome in young Negroes are presented. The
      etiology was unknown in all cases; organic heart disease was absent. The very
      high default rate suggests that the prognosis may be grave. This disorder is by
      no means uncommon in young persons in tropical countries and the dangers of a
      mistaken diagnosis of epilepsy or a psychiatric illness have been emphasized. In
      the absence of an artificial pacemaker, it is suggested that sympathomimetic
      drugs, while not affecting the heart rate, may be useful in reducing the
      frequency of syncopal attacks.

PMID- 163571
TI  - Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma-cell of origin.
AB  - Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma is the least common of the primary pulmonary
      carcinomas, and there is controversy as to its cell of origin. In this light- and
      electron microscopic study of five bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas, at least two
      cell types were found, both of bronchiolar origin. One cell type is a metaplastic
      bronchiolar mucous cell and the other a bronchiolar stem cell that has
      ultrastructural features of both the respiratory ciliated and the respiratory
      nonciliated ("Clara") cell. It would not be unusual if tumors of the bronchiolo
      alveolar region differentiate into cells of either the bronchiole or the
      alveolus, for embryologically they have a common origin. However, as information
      about the ultrastructure of these tumors accumulates, it is becoming apparent
      that an alveolar-cell carcinoma must be a rare occurrence. Hyperplastic Type II
      aleveolar epithelial cells may be found about the margins of these tumors and can
      be mistaken for the neoplastic cells.

PMID- 163572
TI  - Pyrophosphate arthropathy.
AB  - A scanning electron microscopic study of six cases of pyrophosphate arthropathy
      has been conducted. In the majority of cases the crystals were rectangular. In
      some cases giant crystals were present. In one case, the crystals were pyramidal.
      It is concluded that many geometrically different forms of calcium pyrophosphate
      crystal exist and that the scanning electron microscope is a useful tool in the
      differentiation of pyrophosphate arthropathy from other forms of crystal
      synovitis.

PMID- 163573
TI  - Letter: A simple and sensitive radioreceptor assay for ACTH in human plasma.

PMID- 163574
TI  - An outbreak of severe pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus in isolated
      Arctic populations.
AB  - A rapidly developing outbreak of pneumonia in young infants was documented in two
      isolated Artic populations in May 1972. These were studied virologically,
      serologically and clinically. In addition to the two stricken communities, one
      apparently unaffected with serious clinical illness and a fourth, in which are
      located the major hospital and airport in the eastern Arctic, were also studied.
      One hundred and twenty-four patients were studied serologically and 81
      respiratory and other specimens were obtained for virus isolation from 40 of
      these patients. Clinical records were kept of the outbreak in each area and a
      detailed questionnaire was filled out for 140 children and their families.
      Respiratory syncytial  irus (RSV) was cultured from eight ill children. Electron
      microscopy provided the first evidence of RSV infection. A seroconversion rate of
      approximately 50% was seen in both affected communities as well as in the
      clinically unaffected one. The epidemic in the first two communities was
      characterized by severe pneumonia and frequent hospitalization but no cases of
      bronchiolitis were seen. No evidence for other causes of this outbreak could be
      obtained by testing for antibodies to influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2 and
      3, adenovirus and herpes simplex viruses. Unusual features of this epidemic of
      RSV infection include the high attack rate, severe morbidity, illness manifest
      almost exclusively as pneumonia rather than bronchiolitis and the difference
      between the expression of disease in different communities. Historical data and
      clinical observations were inadequate to explain these unusual features.

PMID- 163575
TI  - Immunologic significance of the mumps virus skin test in infants, children and
      adults.
AB  - The biologic validity of cell-mediated immunity to mumps virus was evaluated in
      395 children, adolescents and adults. The study protocol included the
      determination of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity to viral and avian control
      antigens and in 79% of the subjects an essential double bleeding was performed
      before and after mumps virus skin test for assay of neutralizing antibody. Seven
      per cent of subjects expressed sufficient delayed hypersentitivity to the control
      antigen to erase an apparently positive mumps virus skin test. Anamnestic
      conversions from seronegativity to seropositivity, elicited by the mumps virus
      skin test, increased from 4% in children to 25% in adults, which suggests waning
      B-cell recognition of prior mumps virus infection in adults. Although pregnancy
      diminished the difference (p smaller than .001), adults showed greater cutaneous
      delayed hypersensitivity to mumps virus antigen than did children (p smaller than
      .001), suggesting that mumps virus reinfection or persistence induced the
      escalation of more sensitive T-cell recognition with increasing age. Humoral
      immunity, assessed by the double bleeding technique in the vast majority of
      individuals, rose form 16% (1-4 years), 45% (5-9 years) and 80% (10-14 years) to
      94% in adolescents and adults. Ordinarily 75-95% in other age groups, the decline
      of correlation between mumps virus cellular and humoral immunity to 60% in school
      children may result from prior parainfluenza virus infection, inconsistent
      potency of the skin test antigen, concurrent immunosuppressive infection, and
      lagging induction of mumps virus cellular immunity in recently infected
      individuals. Immunologic study of a large colony of subhuman primates failed to
      establish an hierarchial antigenic interrelationship among mumps virus and two
      additional paramyxoviruses.

PMID- 163576
TI  - Clinical conference: Portal hypertension of obscure cause.

PMID- 163577
TI  - The role of renal adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the control of erythropoietin
      production.
AB  - A regulatory role for adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the
      production of the renal hormone rythropoietin following erythropoietic
      stimulation with cobaltous chloride hexahydrate is proposed. Studies in rates
      reveal a temporal relationship between renal cyclic AMP levels and plasma titers
      of erythropoietin. In addition, cobalt increases the activity of an
      erythropoietin-generating enzyme (renal erythropoietic factor) with maximal
      enzyme activity occurring after the rise in cyclic AMP levels but before the
      increase in erythropoietin titers. This increase in renal cyclic AMP is localized
      to the renal cortex. Cobalt stimulates renal cortical adenylate cyclase but has
      no effect on renal cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. The addition of cyclic
      AMP (3 time 10-6 M) and a partially purified cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase
      from rat kidney to an inactive preparation of renal erythropoietic factor
      increases the ability of renal erythropoietic factor to generate erythropoietin.
      Data from the polycythemic mouse assay, a bioassay used to quantitate
      erythropoietic activity of test substances, indicate that dibutyryl cyclic AMP is
      erythropoietically active with respect to its ability to increase radioactive
      labelled iron (59Fe) incorporation into heme of newly formed red blood cells.
      Theophylline, which by itself is erythropoietically inactive, potentiated the
      erythropoietic effect of cobalt in polycythemic mice. These results suggest that
      cyclic AMP plays a significant role in the renal production of erythropoietin
      following cobalt administration. It is postulated that cobalt stimulates renal
      cortical adenyoate cyclase, thus increasing renal cyclic AMP levels. Cyclic AMP
      then activates a protein kinase which subsequently stimulates renal
      erythropoietic factor to generate erythropoietin. A similar cyclic AMP mechanism
      may be operative after erythropoietic stimulation by exposure to hypoxia or
      prostaglandin treatment.

PMID- 163579
TI  - Familial hypercholesterolemia. A genetic regulatory defect in cholesterol
      metabolism.

PMID- 163578
TI  - The kidney as an endocrine organ involved in the function of vitamin D.
AB  - Vitamin D3 must be metabilically altered first in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin
      D3 (25 OH-D3) and subsequently in the kidney to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25
      (OH)2D3) before it can function. Because 1,25-(OH)2D3 is formed in the kidney and
      acts in intestine and bone to elevate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations,
      it can be considered a hormone. The production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 is feedback
      regulated either directly or indirectly by serum calcium and serum phosphate
      concentrations. The hypocalcemic regulation is mediated by the parathyroid
      glands. The hypophosphatemic stimulus, however, does not involve either the
      parathyroid or thyroid glands. Under conditions whereby the synthesis of 1,25
      (OH)2D3 is repressed, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25-(OH)2D3 is formed. This
      metabolite can be converted further to 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,24,25
      (OH)3D3), which stimulate intestinal calcium transport but not bone calcium
      mobilization or phosphate transport reactions. A number of vitamin D-resistant
      bone diseases may be related to defective vitamin D metabolism. For example, bone
      disease related to choric renal failure likely results from defective formation
      of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the kidney. Treatment of this disease with intravenously
      administered 1,25-(OH)2D3 is effective in correcting the bone lesions. 1Alpha
      hydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha-OH-D3), a new synthetic analog of 1,25-(OH)2D3 which is
      less expensive to produce than 1,25-(OH)2D3, is effective in anephric animals and
      may have several advantages over 1,25-(OH)2D3 in treating bone diseases.

PMID- 163580
TI  - The protean manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in adults.
AB  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a well recognized respiratory pathogen in children and
      young adults. In addition, M. pneumoniae infections may also involve other organ
      systems. Reviewed here are the various clinical syndromes in adults caused by
      this infectious agent, with emphasis on those which have recently been seen at
      The New York Hospital. Two previously unreported manifestations of M. pneumoniae
      infection, cranial nerve mononeuropathy and hepatitis, are described, and the
      laboratory methods for diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 163581
TI  - American Burkitt's lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases. II.
      Pathologic correlations.
AB  - Thirty cases of malignant lymphoma, undifferentiated, Burkitt's type are
      reviewed. An older median age and a predominance of presentation in abdominal and
      pelvic sites rather than in the jaw distinguishes this series of American
      patients from those reported from endemic regions in Africa. Bone marrow
      involvement invariably consisted of massive infiltration recognizable in smear,
      clot and biopsy preparations. Involvement of the central nervous system or bone
      marrow was always associated with short survival. In all eight long-term
      survivors lymphoma was apparently confined to a single site at presentation. At
      autopsy, the most consistent finding was widespread multiorgan involvement
      without predilection for lymphoreticular structures. The histologic appearance of
      the tumor changed after chemotherapy, varying from diffuse necrosis within 48
      hours of initial therapy to extreme pleomorphism of tumor cells after 9 months of
      therapy. In one patient, there was almost complete absence of lymphoma at autopsy
      in an organ site shown clinically to have been extensively involved by tumor
      prior to treatment. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these findings
      are discussed.

PMID- 163582
TI  - Clinical evaluation of patients with infectious mononucleosis and development of
      antibodies to the R component of the Epstein-Barr virus-induced early antigen
      complex.
AB  - Previous reports have emphasized that the transitory antibody responses to
      Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced early antigens (EA) in the course of infectious
      mononucleosis are usually directed against the D (diffuse) component of the EA
      complex. In this report clinical and serologic data have been presented on 14
      patients with infectious mononucleosis who responded either solely with
      antibodies to the R (restricted) component of the EA complex or revealed anti-R
      after the initial anti-D responses had subsided weeks or months after onset of
      the disease. Anti-R persisted usually for many months , as many as 39, but in
      some patients it was no longer detectable in late follow-up serum spectimens.
      Although many patients had an unremarkable course of illness, others, mostly
      those with late anti-R responses, showed unusual or protracted clinical
      manifestations and several complained over periods of 4 to 28 months of recurrent
      symptoms resembling those experienced during the acute stage of disease. The
      presence of anti-R and the relatively high continuous titers of antibodies to EB
      viral capsid antigens (VCA) may reflect a more than usual, persistent EBV
      activity which, in turn, may account for the recurrent symptoms.

PMID- 163583
TI  - Fanconi syndrome in adults. A manifestation of a latent form of myeloma.
AB  - From a review of 17 cases of Fanconi syndrome with Bence Jones proteinuria and
      myeloma or amyloidosis, including three new cases reported here in detail, there
      emerges a well defined set of characteristics. In most cases, the diagnosis of
      Fanconi syndrome preceded the development of myeloma or amyloidosis. Myeloma
      preceding the development of Fanconi syndrome has not been reported. All the
      patients had Bence Jones proteinuria, but in some it could be detected only by
      electrophoresis or immunoelectrophoresis, In the seven cases in which the Bence
      Jones protein was typed, it was of kappa type. There were no serum protein
      monoclonal abnormalities. In the bone marrow and renal samples of half of the
      patients, crystalline cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were present in
      lymphoplasmacytic elements and renal tubular cells. It is proposed that patients
      with Fanconi syndrome and Bence Jones proteinuria have a distinct type of plasma
      cell disorder or variant of the monoclonal gammopathies, characterized by a slow
      progression of the tumor and by an early phase dominated by the metabolic
      complications of the renal proximal tubular dysfunction. Adult patients with
      Fanconi syndrome should be carefully investigated for the presence of Bence Jones
      protein and a plasmacytic dyscrasia should be excluded.

PMID- 163584
TI  - Aberrant hormone activity by tumors of gynecologic importance.
AB  - Increasing numbers of endocrine active tumors are being reported. The production
      of hormonal substances not generally associated with the tissues involved may
      directly or indirectly concern the gynecologist. Identification of these
      occurrences may be important in the diagnosis of occult neoplasms or obscure
      tumor effects. In addition, observation of the level of aberrant hormone
      secretion may be important therapeutic and prognostic measure. Detection may
      result from the investigation of apparent inappropriate and endocrine syndromes
      or routine screening in cases of known tumors. Proof of the actual production of
      hormone by the tumors and complete identification of the material in question
      generally requires extensive biologic, chemical, physical, and immunologic
      investigation. The most likely mechanisms for aberrant hormone production by
      tumors are derepression of the genome or the occurrence of chance biosynthetic
      anomalies coincident with neoplastic nuclear alterations. Endocrine active
      substances of interest to the gynecologist produced under these circumstances
      include gonadotropin, lactogens, thyrotropins, and adrenocortico-tropin, as well
      as calcium-mobilizing and erythropoietic substances.

PMID- 163585
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with gynecologic malignancies.
AB  - The determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in plasma has been of much
      interest currently concomitant with the search for an immunologic diagnosis test.
      Recent reports have shed some doubt on the specificity of carcinoembryonic
      antigens for gastrointestinal tract malignancies. This report details the plasma
      CEA values in 341 patients with varying gynecologic malignancies. These studies
      have demonstrated that plasma CEA is elevated in close to 50 per cent of patients
      with invasive gynecologic cancer. The incidence of positive values is appreciably
      higher in the advanced stages of disease. Of particular interest was that 84 per
      cent (21 of 25) of the patients with recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the
      cervix had a positive CEA value. Similar results were found in patients with
      cancer of the vulva, ovary, and endometrium.

PMID- 163586
TI  - Effect of progesterone on estrogen receptors in the rabbit uterus.
AB  - The macromolecular binding of estradiol was investigated in the rabbit uterus
      under various hormonal states in a search for evidence of progesterone antagonism
      of the estrogen-receptor complex interaction. Progesterone did not alter the
      sucrose gradient sedimentation characteristics of the estrogen-receptor complex
      in estrus or castrate animals. Progesterone treatment of castrated animals did
      not alter the absolute number of EBS (estrogen-binding sites) per cell, but did
      result in decreased relative concentration of EBS by increasing the soluble
      protein content of the cells over that seen in untreated castrates. Castration
      did not alter the absolute number of EBS per cell but did increase the relative
      concentration of estrogen binding in the cytosol.

PMID- 163587
TI  - Homologous mixed Mullerian tumors (carcinosarcomal) confined to endometrial
      polyps.

PMID- 163588
TI  - Luteoma of pregnancy: case report.

PMID- 163590
TI  - On the regulation of fetal and maternal 16 alpha- hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone
      and its sulfate by cortisol and ACTH in human pregnancy at term.
AB  - In studying the mechanisms which govern estriol production in human pregnancy at
      term, 16 alpha OH-DHEA, 16alpha-OH-DHEA sulfate, and unbound unconjugated
      cortisol were measured in peripheral venous plasma of 28 healthy women and in
      cord venous and arterial plasms of their newborn infants at the time of elective
      cesarean section prior to the onset of labor. In eight cases treated with 150 mg.
      of cortisol, maternal and cord plasma 16alpha-OH-DHEA and its sulfate were
      considerably lower than in 10 control cases. Approximately 4 to 8 1/2 hours after
      injection of 40 I.U. of Depot-ACTH, both of these estriol precursors were also
      significantly decreased. It is concluded from these experiments that cortisol
      causes a decrease of estriol mainly by suppressing fetal 16alpha-OH-DS.

PMID- 163589
TI  - Hormones in human pregnancy. IV. Plasma progesterone.
AB  - The plasma concentration of progesterone (P) has been measured by
      radioimmunoassay in maternal peripheral vein (M.P.V.) at early pregnancy and in
      M.P.V. umbilical artery (U.A.) and umbilical vein (U.V.) at term pregnancy. In
      early preganacy marked hour-to-hour fluctuation of plasma progesterone was noted.
      At term pregnancy plasma P levels of U.V. were higher than those of U.A. and the
      umbilical venous arterial differences of plasma P did not differ between male and
      femal fetuses. Administration of hydrocortisone and ACTH to patients scheduled to
      undergo cesarean section had no effect on M.P.V., U.A., and U.V. plasma P
      concentration. On the basis of the differences between U.V. and U.A. plasma P
      concentrations and reported umbilical flow it was estimated that the secretion
      rate of P into the fetal circulation is approximately 23 mg. per 24 hr. and would
      amount to approximately 10 per cent of the reported total daily production rate
      of P at term pregnancy. The fraction of P which is unbound to the plasma proteins
      was estimeated by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C. The per cent unbound P in
      M.P.V. plasma of pregnant patients at term was not different from that of
      nonpregnant patients but was 40 per cent lower than that in umbilical cord plasma
      (P LESS THAN 0.01), and the ratio between the concentrations of unbound P and
      estradiol in M.P.V. increased as pregnancy progressed. Plasma P in re-eclamptic
      patients who subsequently sustained intrauterine fetal death had no value in
      assessing placental function.

PMID- 163591
TI  - Fetal respiratory distress following fetography. A case report.

PMID- 163592
TI  - Human atherosclerotic plaque cells and leiomyoma cells. Comparison of in vitro
      growth characteristics.
AB  - Cells derived from human atherosclerotic plaques and from arterial media were
      compared with cells obtained from human leiomyomata and myometrium with respect
      to growth behavior in long-term cell culture. None of numerous variations in
      culture media, including alterations of serum concentration and source, improved
      the rate of cell multiplication or in vitro longevity. Both uterine cell types,
      but neither arterial cell type, multiplied after tissue dissociation with enzymes
      (elastase, collagenase, hyaluronidase). The replicative life-span of each of
      eight samples of arterial plaque cells was equal to or less than that of the
      corresponding medial cells. A similar relationship was observed for eight paired
      sets of leiomyoma and myometrial cells. The results indicate that, under the
      conditions of culture in vitro, cells of a bona fide smooth muscle tumor have a
      finite replicative life-span and smooth muscle cells of atherosclerotic plaques
      behave in a similar manner.

PMID- 163593
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of serine dehydratase in rat liver.
AB  - Serine dehydratase (L-serine hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.13) WAS DEMONSTRATED IN LIVER
      TISSUE OF RATS BY AN INdirect immunofluorescent method. In the adult rat liver,
      serine dehydratase was localized to periportal hepatocytes, diffusely in their
      cytoplasm. The enzyme-specific fluorescence was absent or extremely low in the
      centrolobular hepatocytes. It was not demonstrated in nonparenchymal cells.
      Feeding a 90% protein diet for 5 days caused marked induction of this enzyme in
      the periportal and midzonal hepatocytes but no induction in the centrolobular
      hepatocytes. In the newborn rat liver, there was no apparent intralobular
      heterogeneity seen in the distribution of serine dehydratase, either before or
      after dietary induction. After 1 week of age, there was a gradual development of
      the intralobular hetero-geneity of the enzyme, which was emphasized by dietary
      stimulation. A comparative study of the induction pattern between the livers of
      intact and adrenalectomized rats suggested that there is no heterogeneity among
      serine-dehydratase-positive cells with respect to hormonal regulation of this
      enzyme by either glucagon or cortisone.

PMID- 163594
TI  - Nuclear bodies produced in astrocytes by tilorone.
AB  - Large, eosinophilic, nonglycogenic nuclear inclusions were produced in the
      central nervous system by the drug tilorone. At the light microscope level, the
      inclusions occurred predominantly in astrocytes. Ultrastructurally, they were
      identical to the nuclear bodies described in many cell types under many
      conditions. The bodies were produced by tilorone in small numbers in the median
      eminence, a part of the hypothalamus that lacks a blood-brain barrier. They were
      produced in only 2 or 3 days in large numbers adjacent to zones of thermal or
      traumatic necrosis or in areas of inflammation. These facts, and the distribution
      of affected astrocytes, indicated that permeability factors and cerebrospinal
      fluid flow were involved in the development of the nuclear bodies. The large size
      and large number of nuclear bodies produced by tilorone should facilitate studies
      of this poorly understood nuclear organelle.

PMID- 163595
TI  - Effect of inhibition of peptidase activity on distribution of intrarenal blood
      flow.
AB  - Experiments were performed in dogs to determine the effects of the intravenous
      administration of the dipeptide hydrolase inhibitor SQ 20,881 on renal
      hemodynamics, intrarenal blood flow distribution, and renal function. Dipeptide
      hydrolase converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II and inactivates bradykinin. SQ
      20,881 causes an inhibition of the vasoconstrictor response after angiotensin I
      and potentiation of the vasodilatory activity of bradykinin. Total renal blood
      flow, cortical distribution of blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate were
      determined. In seven animals administration of SQ 20,881 (1 mg/kg) resulted in a
      decrease in mean systemic blood pressure of 11 mmHg, an increase in total renal
      blood flow of 0.71 ml/min per g, and a significant fall in glomerular filtration
      rate. Fractional blood flow to the superficial cortex decreased and to the
      juxtamedullary cortex increased. Absolute flow was unchanged in the superficial
      cortex and increased significantly in the deep cortex. The findings are
      compatible with reported effects of bradykinin on intrarenal blood flow
      distribution, although the experiments do not distinguish between potentiation of
      bradykinin or inhibition of angiotensin I conversion.

PMID- 163596
TI  - Release of cyclic AMP by toad urinary bladder.
AB  - Cyclic AMP accumulates in the Ringer solution bathing the toad urinary bladder in
      vitro. At least 4 times more cyclic AMP is released into the solution bathing the
      serosal surface than into the solution bathing the mucosal surface. Most of the
      cyclic AMP originates in the epithelial cells rather than the stroma. Vasopressin
      increased the content of cyclic AMP in the epithelial cells and increases the
      amount of cyclic AMP in the Ringer solution. Since there is not an increase in
      medium cyclic AMP when cell cyclic AMP levels are increased by theophylline, it
      is suggested that theophylline may reduce the permeability of the cell membrane
      to cyclic AMP. Finally, it is demonstrated that 10 mM NaF increase the amount of
      cyclic AMP in the epithelial cells and in the solution bathing the bladder, but
      block the effect of vasopressin on water permeability, presumably at a step
      subsequent to the formation of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 163597
TI  - Roentgen problems in evaluating the atrophic stomach of the elderly.
AB  - Gastric atrophy in the elderly may cause problems in the interpretation of
      gastrointestinal studies.  Seventeen such cases are reported: 8 patients showed
      limited distensibility and irregularity of the distal stomach simulating
      scirrhous carcinoma; 6 patients showed gastric retention of food; and 2 patients
      showed gastric retention of oral cholecystographic medium.  Awareness of these
      phenomena may prevent serious errors in roentgen diagnosis.

PMID- 163598
TI  - Angiographic evaluation of patients with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding.

PMID- 163599
TI  - Preoperative angiographic localization of insulin-producing tumors of the
      pancreas.

PMID- 163601
TI  - Malignant acanthosis nigricans and anesthesia.

PMID- 163600
TI  - Porcine malignant hyperthermia: effects of halothane on mitochondrial respiration
      and calcium accumulation.
AB  - Vastus lateralis muscle was excised from normal pigs and from pigs susceptible to
      malignant hyperthermia. Anesthesia consisted of diazepam, N2O:O2, and a lidocaine
      field block. In the susceptible (MHS) pigs, respiratory control in mitochondria
      of excised muscle was normal, while electron transport was accelerated. Glutamate
      log Q3's and log Q4's were in inverse linear relationship to porcine weights. In
      the presence of glutamate, state 3 respiration was 3.5 times, and state 4
      respiration 3.2 times, higher in MHS than in normal mitochondria (independent of
      weight or halothane dose). Thus, the MHS mitochondria were able to produce ATP
      more efficiently than normal mitochondria. In vitro, halothane inhibited
      glutamate Q3's and R.C.I.'s, slightly increased succinate Q3's and R.C.I.'s, had
      no significant effect on glutamate or succinate Q4's, and, moderately lowered
      glutamate and succinate P/O ratios. These changes were similar to those observed
      in normal pigs. Calcium uptake into MHS mitochondria was markedly less than
      normal but was not significantly altered by in-vitro halothane. These results
      suggest a mitochondrial membrane component for the defect of procine malignant
      hyperthermia since calcium is normally associated with the formation of the
      phospholipid lattice of this membrane. (Key words: Hyperthermia, malignant;
      Metabolism, mitochondrial; Muscle, skeletal, mitochondria; Anesthetics, volatile,
      halotbane; Ions, calcium.)

PMID- 163602
TI  - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis viral
      isolates from cattle with epididymitis and vaginitis.
AB  - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR-IPV)
      viral isolates were obtained from cattle affected with epididymitis-vaginitis.
      Isolation of virus from the diseased animals indicated that the genital form of
      IBR-IPV virus infection exists in Kenya and that epididymitis-vaginitis may be
      associated with IBR-IPV virus. Serums prepared from cattle having the genital
      form of the disease did not always have detectable antibody titers.

PMID- 163603
TI  - Porcine parvovirus: frequency of naturally occurring transplacental infection and
      viral contamination of fetal porcine kidney cell cultures.
AB  - The frequency of naturally occurring transplacental infection of swine with
      porcine parvovirus (PPV) and one of the possible consequences of such infection-
      the presence of PPV in cell cultures prepared from fetal tissues--were
      investigated. Transplacental infection was indicated by the presence of high
      titers of hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibody for PPV in serums of 0-day
      old, hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs of 3 of 82 litters. All
      letters were farm-raised dams. Moreover, cell cultures prepared from 3 of 49 lots
      of fetal porcine kidneys (FPK) collected from an abattoir during an interval of
      14 months were found contaminated with PPV. Because each lot was usually
      comprised of kidneys from 2 litters, the latter finding suggests that 3 of
      approximately 98 litters were infected. Prior infection of FPK cell cultures with
      PPV resulted in only slight interference of replication of other selected
      viruses; i.e., porcine enterovirus (PEV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), vesicular
      stomatitis virus (VSV), and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV).
      Moreover, PPV and HEV were propagated in the same cell cultures during 5 serial
      passages of the viruses. In contrast, when copropagation of PPV and VSV was
      attempted, PPV was not detected after the 2nd serial passage.

PMID- 163604
TI  - Immunogenic and protective effects of the F-2 strain of feline viral
      rhinotracheitis virus.
AB  - The F-2 strain of feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVE) virus was administered by
      intramuscular (IM) injection to susceptible cats. The cats developed serum
      neutralizing antibodies and were protected to a significant degree when given, by
      intranasal (IN) instillation challenge inoculum of a virulent strain of FVR
      virus.

PMID- 163605
TI  - Breast cancer: etiology and possible prevention.

PMID- 163606
TI  - Broad-beta disease (type III hyperlipoproteinemia) in a large kindred. Evidence
      for a monogenic mechanism.
AB  - The inheritance of broad-beta disease (as specified by a type III lipoprotein
      pattern) has remained an enigma. Previous reports have variously implicated a
      single gene (autosomal dominant mode), a double dose of a single gene (autosomal
      recessive), two separate genes (mixed heterozygosity), or multiple genes
      (polygenic inheritance). The present study of a single, large kindred of 108
      members spanning 4 generations provides evidence for an autosomal dominant mode,
      since at least 1 member of the first generation pair was normal, at least 5 of
      their 9 children had type III patterns, and at least 2 of these (whose spouses
      were normal) transmitted this pattern to their offspring. The findings also
      suggest that in this kindred the common occurrence of hypertriglyceridemia (in a
      type IV pattern) may represent either a variable phenotypic expression of the
      gene for broad-beta disease or the coexistence of a second, independent genetic
      lipid disorder.

PMID- 163607
TI  - Type III hyperlipoproteinemia: an analysis of two contemporary definitions.
AB  - Two current definitions of type III hyperlipoproteinemia, "floating beta"
      lipoproteins and an estimate of the relative content of cholesterol and
      triglyceride in lipoproteins of density less than 1,006 (very low-density [VLD]
      lipoproteins), have been compared. Over 3100 complete lipoprotein analyses of 182
      adults with primary familial hyperglyceridemia, covering a wide range of plasma
      lipid concentrations, formed the data base for this retrospective analysis: The
      ratio of VLD lipoprotein cholesterol to the plasma triglyceride concentration
      (VLDL/TG=r) proved capable of segregating an apparently unique subpopulation with
      persistently abnormal very low-density lipoprotein composition. Although floating
      beta lipoproteins were present in nearly all patients with a high r value, they
      also appeared inconsistently in many other patients. It is concluded that the
      chemical index to VLD lipoprotein composition is the better, albeit, temporary
      definition for this disorder. When the plasma triglyceride concentration is
      between 150 and 1000 mg/100 ml, an r not less than 0.25 should be considered as
      suggestive and a value not less than 0.30 as diagnosttc of type III
      hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 163608
TI  - The biochemical, clinical, and genetic features of type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - The clinical and biochemical features of type III hyperlipoproteinemia are
      described in 49 patients from 23 to 70 years of age. An increase in very low
      density lipoproteins (VLDL) of abnormal chemical composition was the basis for
      diagnosis. The untreated patients all had hypercholesterolemia and
      hyperglyceridemia, and, on the average, decreased concentrations of both low- and
      high-density lipoproteins. Seventy-four percent had xanthomas, and classic
      "xanthoma striata palmaris" was found in more than half. Twenty-seven percent had
      ischemic heart disease, detected earlier in men than in women. Twenty-seven
      percent had peripheral vascular disease (compared to 4% of subjects with type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia). Twenty-five of 35 subjects achieved normal lipid levels
      with dietary therapy alone. Analysis of 29 kindred showed hyperlipidemia in half
      of adult blood relatives; half of these had type III, the remainder usually had
      sample endogenous hyperglyceridemia (type IV). Only 2 of 55 children less than 20
      years of age were affected, both with type IV.

PMID- 163609
TI  - The lipid storage diseases: new concepts and control.
AB  - The nature of the enzymatic defect is now well established in ten inherited
      disorders of lipid metabolism. This information has provided for the development
      of facile, sensitive tests using readily available materials such as washed
      leukocytes or cultured skin fibroblasts for the diagnosis of these disorders; the
      detection of heterozygous carriers of these traits; and the monitoring of
      pregnancies at risk for any of these conditions. Recent investigations of enzyme
      replacement therapy have shown great promise for the treatment of patients with
      Fabry's disease and those with the adult form of Gaucher's disease. Additional
      procedures must be developed for successful enzyme replacement in patients where
      the central nervous system is damaged by the accumulation of lipids.

PMID- 163610
TI  - Hyperlipoproteinemia: problems in diagnosis and challenges posed by the "type
      III" disorder.

PMID- 163611
TI  - Insulinoma with low circulating insulin levels: the diagnostic value of
      proinsulin measurements.
AB  - Hypoglycemia coexisting with very low plasma immunoreactive insulin
      concentrations was found in a 78-year-old woman with an insulinoma. However, the
      absolute proinsulin levels during hypoglycemia were elevated (0.9 to 1.4 ng/ml),
      accounting for 66.5% of the total circulating immunoreactive insulinlike
      material. The raised serum proinsulin concentrations together with an abnormal
      proinsulin:insulin ratio proved to be of critical importance in establishing the
      diagnosis of an islet-cell tumor in this patient.

PMID- 163612
TI  - Experimental morphologic and electroencephalographic studies of microwave effects
      on the nervous system.

PMID- 163613
TI  - The status of viruses pathogenic for insects and mites.

PMID- 163614
TI  - Collagenolytic activity of some marine bacteria.
AB  - Reconstituted, acid-extracted collagen was used to prepare a medium to screen
      proteolytic marine bacteria for their ability to elaborate collagenolytic
      enzymes.  The medium was resistant to solubilization by trypsin, hyaluronidase,
      chondroitinase ABC, and various marine proteinases, but was readily hydrolyzed by
      commercial Clostridium collagenases.  Eighty-seven marine isolates collected in
      the vicinity of Bermuda, Oahu (Hawaii), and Stone Harbor and Cape May, N. J.,
      were screened.  Approximately 44 per cent of the isolates were capable of
      elaborating enzymes that hydrolyzed reconstituted collagen gels.  Several
      cultures produced collagenolytic enzymes only when grown in the presence of
      collagen or degradation products of collagen, and with very few exceptions the
      presence of collagen in the medium greatly enhanced collagenolytic enzyme
      production.  The enzymes from a collagenolytic Bermuda marine isolate were
      studied in more detail to illustrate that the enzymes capable of hydrolyzing
      reconstituted collagen were separable from nonspecific proteinases by zone
      electrophoresis and that these enzymes were true collagenases by virtue of their
      ability to hydrolyze native bovine Achilles'tendon obtained from three different
      sources.

PMID- 163615
TI  - Uptake and elimination of poliovirus by West Coast oysters.
AB  - Accumulation of poliovirus Lsc-2ab by West Coast oysters was determined by using
      a stationary seawater system, and depuration was determined by using both
      stationary and free-flow systems. Results indicate that these shellfish have the
      same pattern of accumulation and localization of viruses as do East Coast
      species. However, uptake appeared to occur more rapidly than described for East
      Coast shellfish. There appeared to be a gradual diffusion of virus from the
      digestive area into the body. Depuration was found to occur more rapidly and
      completely under free-flow conditions than in a stationary system.

PMID- 163616
TI  - Inactivation of viruses and bacteria by ozone, with and without sonication.
AB  - Selected organisms with public health significance were placed in a reaction
      chamber for treatment by ozonation, by ozonation and sonication, by sonication,
      or by sonication during oxygenation. Vesicular stomatitis virus,
      encephalomyocarditis virus, GDVII virus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas
      fluorescens, Salmonella typhimurium, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio
      cholerae, and Shigella flexneri were inactivated by treatment with ozone. When
      microorganisms were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline, they were inactivated
      rapidly by treatment with ozone. However, microorganisms suspended in secondary
      effluent from a wastewater treatment plant required longer contact times with
      ozone for complete inactivation. Simultaneous treatments by ozonation and
      sonication reduced the contact time for complete inactivation of microorganisms
      in secondary effluent. Treatment by sonication alone or sonication and
      oxygenation did not inactivate microorganisms. Therefore, the simultaneous
      treatment of microorganisms in secondary effluent with ozone and sonication
      resulted in a synergistic effect.

PMID- 163618
TI  - Bacterial metabolism of arylsulfonates: role of meta cleavage in benzene
      sulfonate oxidation by Pseudomonas testosteroni.
AB  - Pseudomonas testosteroni H-8 oxidizes certain lower alkylbenzene sulfonates at
      rates inversely related to the length of the alkyl group. Appreciable Q(O)2
      values were observed for benzene sulfonate (BS), toluene sulfonate (TS), and
      ethylbenzene sulfonate (EBS), but not for propylbenzene sulfonate (PS) and higher
      homologues. Catechol oxidation was catalyzed by a constitutive catechol-2,3
      oxygenase (EC 1.99.2.a). Yellow meta cleavage products accumulated when BS-grown
      cells were exposed to catechol, 4-methylcatechol, 3-methylcatechol, EBS and PS,
      but not BS or TS. Traces of a yellow metabolite (probably 2-hydroxymuconic
      semialdehyde) were detectable during growth on BS. PS completely inhibited growth
      on BS, but not on L-leucine or nutrient broth. Also, PS antagonized respiration
      on BS and catechol, but not glutamate, the extent of inhibition being directly
      related to PS concentration. Formation of a meta cleavage product from PS, and
      inhibition of catechol oxidation by PS, suggested that the actual inhibitor may
      not be PS itself, but a metabolite.

PMID- 163617
TI  - Influence of carbohydrates on growth and sporulation of Clostridium perfringens
      type A.
AB  - Growth and sporulation of Clostridium perfringens type A in Duncan and Strong
      (DS) sporulation medium was investigated. A biphasic growth response was found to
      be dependent on starch concentration. Maximal levels of heat-resistant spores
      were formed at a starch concentration of 0.40%. Addition of glucose, maltose, or
      maltotriose to a sporulating culture resulted in an immediate turbidity increase,
      indicating that biphasic growth in DS medium may be due to such starch
      degradation products. Amylose and, to a lesser extent, amylopectin resulted in
      biphasic growth when each replaced starch in the sporulation medium. A levels of
      heat-resistant spores approximately equal to the control was produced with
      amylopectin but not amylose as the added carbohydrate. Addition of glucose or
      maltose to a DS medium without starch at stage II or III of sporulation did not
      alter the level of heat-resistant spores as compared with the level obtained in
      DS medium with starch. Omission of starch or glucose or maltose resulted in an
      approximately 100-fold decrease in the number of heat-resistant spores, although
      the percentage of sporulation (90%) was unaffected. The role of starch and
      amylopectin in the formation of heat-resistant spores probably involves the
      amyloytic production of utilizable short-chain glucose polymers that provide an
      energy source for the completion of sporulation.

PMID- 163619
TI  - Mummified cutaneous mixed tumor.
AB  - A 34-year-old man had an unusual mummified cutaneous mixed tumor that developed
      shortly after trauma. The apocrine type of tumor cells and pilar differentiation
      could explain the presence of mummification.

PMID- 163620
TI  - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum in hyperphosphatasia.

PMID- 163621
TI  - Intracavitary cardiac extension of hepatoma.
AB  - Acute right atrial obstruction in a 62-year-old man was demonstrated
      angiographically to be due to a tumor, which was later proved to be metastatic
      hepatoma. Resection of the tumor resulted in total symptomatic relief.

PMID- 163622
TI  - Effects of diazepam on photosynthesis, respiration, rubidium uptake, and
      finestructure of Scenedesmus obliquus in synchronous cultures.
AB  - Effects of diazepam (Valium) on photosynthesis, chlorophyll/photosynthesis
      ratios, respiration, uptake of rubidium ions, and ultrastructure of Scenedesmus
      obliquus synchronized by a light-dark regimen of 14:10 hrs were determined. 80
      and 160 muM diazepam, added to the nutrient medium at the start of the light-dark
      change (i.e., start of the cell cycle) gradually reduced rates of photosynthesis,
      below the initial rates from the beginning of the experiment. Contents of
      chlorophyll, however, remained nearly unaffected. Consequently, the diazepam
      treated cells had a higher chlorophyll/photosynthesis ratio--also with regard to
      respiration in order to calculate the gross photosynthesis. The occurrence of
      photorespiration cannot be assumed. The net influx of rubidium was slightly
      reduced by 100 muM diazepam 0.5 and 2.0 hrs after the start of the cell cycle and
      was strongly inhibited after 5 to 14 hrs. 80 and 160 muM diazepam caused
      separation of thylakoids, formation of giant mitochondria and enlargement of
      vacuoles.

PMID- 163623
TI  - Ultrastructural changes occurring during germination and outgrowth of spores of
      the thermophile Bacillus acidocaldarius.
AB  - Spores of the thermophilic, acidophilic, Bacillus acidocaldarius were covered by
      a thick outer coat and a laminated inner coat (5.5 nm periodicity). Small
      membranous vesicles were present in the spore core and they disappeared as
      germination proceeded. After depolymerization of the cortex, and a 30% increase
      in spore diameter a localized gap appeared in the laminated inner coat only. This
      inner coat gap was narrow and could be the whole length of the spore. The germ
      cell appeared to grow, or to be pushed towards the inner coat gap, at which stage
      the outer coat disappeared in the same localized area. As the vegetative cell
      grew out the spore coat fell away, with loose cortical material still attached to
      it. The young germ cell developed a large spherical electron dense inclusion body
      in the cytoplasm, at the same time as the ribosomal and nuclear areas became
      distinct.

PMID- 163624
TI  - Microbial assimilation of hydrocarbons. I. The fine-structure of a hydrocarbon
      oxidizing Acinetobacter sp.
AB  - 1. The fine-structure analysis of the hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganism,
      Acinetobacter sp., demonstrated a cytoplasmic modification resulting from growth
      on paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbons. 2. Intracytoplasmic hydrocarbon
      inclusions were documented by electron microscopy with chemical identifications
      obtained by gas chromatography and X-ray diffraction. 3. These results
      demonstrate the ability of a microorganism to accumulate hydrocarbon substrates
      intracellularly which, in turn, indicates the transport across the cell membrane.

PMID- 163626
TI  - Reflex patters initiated by the secondary sensory fiber endings of muscle
      spindles: a proposal.
AB  - Muscle spindles have two kinds of sensory fibers, each with stretch-sensitive
      endings on the nuclear bag muscle fibers and the nuclear chain muscle fibers
      within the spindle.  The stretch reflex responses initiated by the primary
      sensory fibers have been well defines.  There are other stretch reflexes of
      poorly defined origin and distribution. Clinical studies on spastic patients
      indicate that these stretch reflexes show regional responses or regional
      synergies.  Stretch of flexor muscles of proximal joints of an extremity causes
      slowly recruiting, prolonged, reflex flexion in that extremity, in the
      contralateral extremity and also in the ipsilateral extremity, producing the
      crossed extension-flexion reflex and long spinal reflex.  Likewise, stretch of
      extensor muscles of the proximal joints initiates a similar extension reflex in
      the same distribution.  Stretch of the distal flexors of an extremity reflexly
      spreads flexion through that extremity.  Stretch of the distal extensors of an
      extremity spreads extension throughout that extremity.  These reflexes can be
      abolished by intramuscular neurolysis with phenol.  They have long internuncial
      pathways and involve both alpha and gamma motoneurons.  The demonstration that
      these reflex patterns are initiated by stretch of the muscle and show
      characteristics similar to those shown in physiological studies by the secondary
      sensory spindle reflexes suggests that they are initiated by stretch of the
      endings of the secondary sensory fibers of muscle spindles.

PMID- 163625
TI  - Duration of hospitalization for alcoholism.
AB  - On admission to an inpatient alcoholic treatment center, 58 alcoholic men were
      randomly assigned to two groups. One group was detoxified and after-care services
      were planned (mean length of stay nine days). The other group, in a-dition to the
      above, received intensive psychosocial inhospital treatment (mean length of stay
      30 days). Posthospital adjustment was measured at five intervals over a 13 month
      period in the areas of social relationships, financial status, employment record,
      legal involvement, drinking behavior, use of measures were obtained on
      psychological change and counseling readiness. No significant difference was
      found between the two groups on any measure. These results indicate that the
      hospital has a limited role in the treatment of the alcholic person.

PMID- 163627
TI  - Pediatric cadaver kidneys. Their use in renal transplantation.
AB  - Of 350 consecutive cadaver kidney transplants, 32 kidneys from donors aged 1 day
      to 9 years were transplanted. Our results indicate that, with strict adherence to
      certain guidelines in kidney procurement and transplantion, pediatric kidneys are
      excellent donor graft material. In contrast to en bloc transplantation of both
      kidneys from pediatric donors, each donor can provide kidneys for two recipients.
      In addition, the transplantation of pediatric kidneys as single units is both
      simple and safe.

PMID- 163628
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens and solid malignant neoplasms.
AB  - To evaluate the relation between histocompatibility antigen phenotypes and solid
      malignant neoplasms, HL-A type was determined in 633 cancer patients and compared
      with those of 489 normal controls. HL-A8 was elevated in patients with squamous
      cancer, melanoma, and adenocarcinoma. The highest incidence occurred in patients
      with salivary gland adenocarcinoma (67% vs only 17% in normal controls). A
      threefold increase in HL-A5 was detected in patients with connective tissue
      sarcomas (28% incidence vs 9% in normal controls). Antigen frequencies did not
      vary when analyzed by time of diagnosis or interval after treatment. The finding
      that certain malignant neoplasms have associations with increased frequency of
      individual HL-A antigens may give clues to cause and genesis for these tumors.

PMID- 163629
TI  - Cyclic AMP response to epinephrine and shock.
AB  - Hormonal regulation is fundamental to homeostasis, and the response in tissues is
      mediated by adenosine 3':5' equals cyclic phosphate (cyclic AMP). Since
      circulating levels of catecholamines are elevated during hemorrhagic shock,
      experiments were carried out to study the effects of epinephrine and of shock on
      cyclic AMP levels of plasma and of the intestine, a particularly vulnerable organ
      in canine hemorrhagic shock. Epinephrine was given to normotensive dogs as a
      constant infusion (group 1) or as a single pulse (group 2). Sequential blood
      samples showed a marked  increase in circulating cyclic AMP, especially in portal
      and hepatic venous blood. Little change was noted in the tissues. Hemorrhagic
      shock (group 3) induced a marked increase in plasma cyclic AMP, with a depletion
      of mucosal cyclic AMP and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Pretreatment before shock
      with alpha-blockade (group 4) abolished the decrease in mucosal cyclic AMP and
      ATP, and reduced the increase in plasma cyclic AMP.

PMID- 163630
TI  - Mouse hepatitis virus-induced recurrent demyelination. A preliminary report.
AB  - Four-week-old BALB/c mice inoculated intracerebrally with the JHM strain of mouse
      hepatitis virus developed an acute demyelinating disease followed by apparent
      recovery with remyelination. When surviving mice were examined 16 months later,
      small areas of active demyelination were still present. This is the first
      reported example, to our knowledge, of an experimental viral infection in which
      acute demyelination with recovery is followed by persisting or recurring
      demyelination.

PMID- 163631
TI  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. A case with hepatocellular carcinoma and
      acquired hepatocerebral degeneration.
AB  - A patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease),
      treated with ethinyl estradiol, multiple blood transfusions, and iron-dextran,
      developed hepatocellular carcinoma and acquired hepatocerebral degeneration. In
      addition to the carcinoma, the liver contained extensive arteriovenous
      maliformations, telangiectasis, and changes of Osler atypical cirrhosis. The
      carcinoma possibly had its genesis in the presence of an ocongenic serum
      hepatitis virus, or the cirrhosis, or both.

PMID- 163632
TI  - Lipoprotein receptors, cholesterol metabolism, and atherosclerosis.
AB  - Deposition of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic
      feature of human atherosclerosis. Very little is known about the mechanisms by
      which cells normally regulate their cholesterol ester content. Recent studies in
      cultured human cells demonstrate the existence of a cell surface receptor that
      binds plasma low density lipoproteins and regulates the sterol content of cells
      by modulating the rates of uptake, esterification, and synthesis of cholesterol.
      A possible role for this lipoprotein receptor in the pathogenesis of
      atherosclerosis is discussed.

PMID- 163634
TI  - Adrenocortical activity and urinary cyclic AMP levels: effects of hypobaric
      hypoxia.
AB  - Six highly motivated and trained military test subjects were exposed to a
      simulated altitude of 4267 m (477 torr) for 48 hours, prededed and followed by
      sea level runs lasting 32 hours. During each scenario tests subjects were
      required to perform their respective military tasks on a continual basis with
      sporadic rest not exceeding several hours. Extremely high levels of plasma
      cortisol prior to the start of each session and persistently elevated
      concentrations of urinary 17-OH corticosteroids at sea level were consistently
      observed. (This observation probably explains the relatively minor changes in
      adrenocortical output noted during acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Analogous
      results were obtained for urinary cyclic AMP, i.e. elevated baseline levels and
      minimal response to high altitude. The results indicate an attenuated response as
      well as an association between urinary measures of adrenocortical activity and
      cyclic AMP excretion.

PMID- 163633
TI  - Islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas.
AB  - Thirty cases of islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas diagnosed at Memorial
      Hospital were studied. There were 17 male and 13 female patients. The average age
      was 44 years. Most of the tumors were located in the body or tail of pancreas; in
      25 instances, the primary tumor was larger than 6 cm. Epigastric pain,
      hypoglycemia, and jaundice were frequent primary clinical presentations. No
      morphological differences were found between functioning and nonfunctioning
      tumors. Size of tumor, local tissue infiltration, and vascular invasion were
      helpful; but they were not absolute parameters aiding in the differentiation of
      benign and malignant tumors. Twenty-six patients had metastatic disease at time
      of diagnosis. Liver, regional lymph nodes, bones, and peritoneum were common
      sites of metastases. The average survival was 3.9 years. The cumulative five-year
      survival rate was 65%.

PMID- 163635
TI  - Absence of nyctohemeral variation in stress-induced ACTH secretion in the rat.
AB  - Changes in plasma ACTH concentrations were measured in the adult male rat
      following a stressor in order to ascertain if there is a nyctohemeral variation
      in ACTH secretion following stress. The immuno-reactive ACTH concentrations
      obtained following a 2.5-min hind-leg tourniquet at 0400 or 1600 hours in
      pentobarbital-anesthetized animals were compared to those obtained in
      anesthetized and unanesthetized, unstressed controls. Neither absolute nor
      increment change in plasma ACTH concentrations following morning or afternoon
      tourniquet stress were significantly different after either 20 or 40 min
      anesthesia. Moreover, plasma ACTH concentrations from unstressed, unanesthetized
      rats showed a slight but significant difference (p smaller than 0.05) at 0400
      hours [118 plus or minus 18 pg/ml (mean plus or minus SE)] compared to 1600 hours
      (64 plus or minus 12 pg/ml) indicating a reversal of the expected ACTH rhythm.
      Plasma corticosterone concentrations in these same rats showed the predicted
      lower-morning and higher-afternoon corticosterone pattern suggesting a possible
      nyctohemeral difference in the adrenal sensitivity to circulating levels of ACTH.

PMID- 163636
TI  - Maxillary sinus barotrauma with cranial nerve involvement: case report.

PMID- 163637
TI  - [Invasive amebiasis due to Entamoeba histolytica in a douc langur (Pygathrix
      nemaeus L. 1771)].

PMID- 163638
TI  - Pseudogout in ochronosis. Report of a case.
AB  - Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals were identified in synovial fluid white
      blood cells during an episode of acute arthritis in a patient with ochronosis and
      chondrocalcinosis. Review of the histories and radiographs of 5 other patients
      with ochronosis demonstrated two additional instances of chondrocalcinosis. Both
      of these patients had episodes of arthritis consistent with pseudogout. This
      suggests that pseudogout, which has been found in increased incidence in some
      metabolic diseases, may also be more common in ochronosis.

PMID- 163639
TI  - Immunoglobulin deposits in skin in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Immunoglobulin deposits in the dermal-epidermal junction of clinically normal
      skin from patients with SLE were eluted by acid buffer. The eluates contained
      antinuclear and antibasement membrane antibody activities. The anti-BM antibody
      reacted with skin and esophageal but not glomerular basement membrane. Enzymatic
      studies indicated that the antibody reacted with carbohydrate moeities in the
      basement membrane. The anti-BM antibody was not present in corresponding sera of
      SLE patients.

PMID- 163640
TI  - The use of three dye-binding procedures for the assessment of heat damage to food
      proteins.
AB  - 1. A study has been made of pure proteins heated either alone or in contact with
      sugars, so as to cause a severe fall in their reactive lysine contents, and also
      of commercial protein concentrations. 2. For unheated materials, and for bovine
      plasma albumin and fat-extracted, dried chicken muscle severely heated in the
      absence of sugar, Acid Orange 12 binding values (mmol bound dye/kg crude protein
      (nitrogen times 6-25)) were close to the sum of total histidine, total arginine
      and reactive lysine contents (mmol/kg crude protein (N times 6-25)), which we
      have termed HARL values. The dye-binding values and the HARL values were reduced
      similarly by heat treatment. 3. For materials in which protein and glucose had
      reacted under mild conditions (37 degrees), the dye-binding capacity with Acid
      Orange 12 was unchanged even though the HARL value of these materials was
      considerably reduced. When protein and glucose or sucrose were heated more
      severely, the dye-binding capacity was slightly lowered but not to the same
      extent as the reduction in the basic amino acids. 4. Animal feeding-stuffs,
      whether unheated, industrially processed or diliberately heated, appeared to
      react with Acid Orange 12 in the same way as the model systems (selected to
      represent three types of heat damage: 'advanced' and 'early' Maillard and protein
      protein damage). 5. Remazol blue binding values and fluorodinitrobenzene (RDNB)
      reactive lysine values were similarly reduced in materials that had been severely
      heated, either with or without added sugars; however, when protein and glucose
      had reacted under mild conditions the fall in Remazol blue binding was less than
      that in FDNB-reactive lysine. 6. For the model materials, binding with cresol red
      was, in general, higher for heated samples but the results showed no correlation
      with FDNB-reactive lysine values. For meat and groundnut meals, changes in values
      after heat treatment were smaller than those that have been reported for soya
      bean meals.

PMID- 163641
TI  - Activation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase by calcium
      ion and a protein activator.
AB  - 3',5'-CAMP phosphodiesterase was partially purified from bovine cerebral cortex.
      A heat-stable activating factor was separated from the enzyme by chromatography
      on DEAE-cellulose. The enzyme in crude ammonium sulfate fractions was stimulated
      by 5 mM CaCl2. This stimulation was reversed by the calcium chelator EGTA. The
      main phosphodiesterase peak obtained by DEAE-cellulose chromatography was not
      stimulated by Ca2+. Upon addition of column effluent containing a heat stable
      factor, Ca2+ activation was restored. Protein activator was inactive when
      endogenous contaminating Ca2+ was complexed with EGTA. It was concluded that
      activation of phosphodiesterase requires the presence of both activator and Ca1+.
      From an analysis of activation of cGMP hydrolysis a kinetic model for the
      interaction of Ca2+ and protein activator with the phosphodiesterase was
      developed. Heterotropic cooperativity between the binding of Ca2+ and protein
      activator to the phosphodiesterase was observed, i.e., Ca1+ decreased the
      apparent dissociation constant for protein activator and protein activator
      decreased the apparent dissociation constant for Ca2+.

PMID- 163642
TI  - General aspects of hydrophobic chromatography. Adsorption and elution
      characteristics of some skeletal muscle enzymes.
AB  - If the degree of substitution of Sepharose 4 B with alpha-alkylamines is varied
      gels of different hydrophobicity are produced. Proteins can be adsorbed when a
      critical hydrophobicity (ca. 10-12 alkyl residues/Sepharose sphere) is reached.
      The enzymes phosphorylase kinase, phosphorylase phosphatase, 3',5'-cAMP dependent
      protein kinase, glycogen synthetase, and phosphorylase b are successively
      adsorbed as the hydrophobicity of the Sepharose is increased. The capacity of the
      gels for these enzymes and protein in general increases exponentially reaches
      plateau values as a function of the degree of substitution. There is no
      indication of a restriction of the hydrophobic centers for a given protein. The
      critical hydrophobicity needed to adsorb proteins can either be otained in the
      above manner or by elongation of the employed alkylamine at a constant degree of
      substitution. Additonally, as the hydrophobicity of a gel is increased higher
      binding forces result and desorption of proteins requires an augmentation of the
      salt concentration in the elution buffer. Elution of proteins from a hydrophobic
      matrix can be described in terms of salting-in phenomena since desorption is
      dependent on the type of salt employed and not on the ionic strength alone. This
      also rules out ionic interactions as a major factor in adsorption per se. By
      rationally controlling the hydrophobicity of a Sepharose gel the adsorption and
      elution of a protein may be thus establised that its purification or elimination
      can be optimally performed.

PMID- 163643
TI  - Simple alkanethiol groups for temporary blocking of sulfhydryl groups of enzymes.
AB  - New reagents for the temporary blocking of active or accessible sulfhydryl groups
      of enzymes have been developed. These reagents, which are either alkyl
      alkanethiolsulfonates or alkoxycarbonylalkyl disulfides, rapidly and
      quantitatively place various RS- groups on the sulfhydryls to generate mixed
      disulfides. In all cases native enzymes can be regenerated with either
      dithiothreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol. In general the temporary blocking groups
      also afford total protection against normally inhibitory thiol blocking agents.
      When RS- groups were attached to rabbit muscle creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), a
      trend toward lower residual activities with increasing bulk was observed.
      Treatment of the native creatine kinase with 14CH3HgC1 led to incorporation of
      greater than 1 equiv of CH3Hg- group per subunit. This CH3Hg- blocked enzyme was
      fully active, and the blocking group afforded no protection against
      iodoacetamide. These results suggest that CH3Hg- and the RS- groups are modifying
      two different sulhydryl groups on the enzyme. When papain (EC 3.4.4.10) was
      treated with excess methyl methanethiolsulfonate. complete and rapid inhibition
      was observed, and 1 equiv of CH3S- was incorporated/mol of active enzyme.
      Complete protection against normally inhibitory 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic
      acid) was afforded by the temporary blocking group. When rabbit muscle
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) was titrated with methyl
      methanethiolsulfonate, two sulfhydryl groups per subunit were found to be
      modified, one much more rapidly than the other. If one extrapolates the initial
      slope of the titration curve, the inactivation of the enzyme would be complete
      after modification of a single cysteinyl residue per subunit.

PMID- 163644
TI  - The specificity of different classes of ethylating agents toward various sites in
      RNA.
AB  - The alkyl products of neutral in vitro ethylation of TMV-RNA by [14C]diethyl
      sulfate, [14C]ethyl methanesulfonate, and [14C]ethylnitrosourea have been
      determined and found to differ significantly depending on the ethylating agent.
      Diethyl sulfate and ethyl methanesulfonate ethylate the bases of TMV-RNA in the
      following order: 7-ethylguanine greater than 1-ethyladenine, 3-ethylcytidine
      greater than 7-ethyladenine, 3-ethyladenine, O6-ethylguanosine, 3-ethylguanine.
      Ethyl methanesulfonate was more specific for the 7 position of guanine, and other
      derivatives were found in lesser amounts than with diethyl sulfate. Neither
      reagent caused the formation of detectable amounts (smaller than 0.26 percent) of
      1-ethylguanine, 1,7-diethylguanine, N2-ethylguanine, N6-ethyladenine, N4
      ethylcytidine, or 3-ethyluridine. Identified ethyl bases account for over 85% of
      the total radioactivity of [14C]ethyl methanesulfonate and [14C]diethyl sulfate
      treated TMV-RNA. Phosphate alkylation accounts for about 13 and 1%, respectively,
      In contrast, [14C]ethylnitrosourea-treated TMV-RNA, while reacting to a similar
      extent (15-70 ethyl groups/6400 nucleotides), is found to cause considerably more
      phosphate alkylation. Upon either U4A RNase or acid hydrolysis up to 60% of the
      radioactivity is found as volatile ethyl groupw in the form of [14C]ethanol, and
      a further 15% appears to be primarily ethyl phosphate and nucleosides with
      ethylated phosphate. Of the remaining radioactivity, half is found as O6
      ethylguanosine, the major identified ethyl nucleoside. Other ethyl bases found in
      ethylnitrosourea-treated TMV-RNA are 7-ethylguanine greater than 1-ethyladenine,
      3-ethyladenine, 7-ethyladenine, 3-ethylcytidine, and 3-ethylguanine. It appears
      that ethylnitrosourea preferentially alkylates oxygens, and that formation of
      phosphotriesters is by far the predominant chemical event. Since the number of
      ethyl groups introduced into TMV-RNA by ethylnitrosourea is similar to the number
      of lethal events, one may conclude that phosphate alkylation leads to loss of
      infectivity. None of the three ethylating agents studied are strongly mutagenic
      on TMV-RNA or TMV. The role of phosphate alkylation in regard to in vivo
      mutagenesis and oncogenesis remains to be established. At present it appears
      possible that the extent of this reaction may correlate better with the oncogenic
      effectiveness of different ethylating agents, than the extent of any base
      reaction. Unfractionated HeLa cell RNA is ethylated primarily in acid labile
      manner even by diethyl sulfate and ethyl methanesulfonate, a fact that is
      attributed to its high content of low molecular weight trna rich in terminal
      phosphates which alkylate readily.

PMID- 163645
TI  - Structural studies on carcinoembryonic antigen. Periodate oxidation.
AB  - Periodate oxidation has been applied to examine the carbohydrate structure of
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the possible role of the carbohydrate residues
      in its antigenic activity. Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) and fucose were
      completely destroyed, and galactose and mannose were partially destroyed by a
      single periodate treatment. Serial periodate treatment (Smith degradation)
      destroyed additional amounts of galactose and mannose as well as significant
      amounts of N-acetylglucosamine. Prior removal of sialic acid by neuraminidase
      treatment led to increased destruction of galactose by periodate. Antigenic
      activity persisted indicating that the residues destroyed played little, if any,
      part in the antigenicity of CEA. These results yield an initial view of the
      structural arrangement of the carbohydrate residues in the CEA molecule.

PMID- 163646
TI  - Phase separations in phospholipd membranes.
AB  - Phase diagrams representing lateral phase separations in the plane of lipid
      bilayer membranes have been determined for binary mixtures containing
      dielaidoylphosphatidylcholine together with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine,
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, distearoylphosphatidylcholine,
      dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine. The phase
      diagrams were deduced from observations of the temperature dependence of the
      paramagnetic resonance spectra of low concentrations of spin-labels incorporated
      in these bilayer membranes. In one case, the binary mixture of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylethamine and dielaidoylphosphatidylcholine, evidence has
      been obtained for fluid-fluid immiscibility, in specified temperature and
      compoistion ranges. This immiscibility could give a lateral phase separation into
      fluid domains in the plane of the membrane, and/or a transverse phase separation
      into an asymmetrical bilayer membrane, and/or possibly disco ntinuous bilayer
      membranes of different composition. An asymmetrical bilayer membrane can be
      expected on theoretical grounds to form a nonplanar membrane.

PMID- 163647
TI  - Beef-heart submitochondrial particles: a mixture of mitochondrial inner and outer
      membranes.
AB  - 1. EPR spectra at 9 GHz and 83 degrees K of NADH-reduced anaerobic beef-heart
      submitochondrial particles, prepared from mitochondria by sonication and
      centrifugation, contain a signal (gz equals to 2.01, gy equals to 1.94, gx equals
      to 1.89) due to an iron-sulphur center of the mitochondrial outer membrane. 2.
      The ratio of inner and outer membranes in submitochondrial particles is not
      greatly different from that in beef-heart mitochondria. 3. Beef-heart
      submitochondrial particles free from outer-membrane contamination have been
      prepared by free-flow electrophoresis. EPR spectra at 83 degrees K of such
      particles are presented.

PMID- 163648
TI  - Flash photolysis electron spin resonance studies of the electron acceptor species
      at low temperatures in photosystem I of spinach subchloroplast particles.
AB  - The light-induced electron spin resonance signals of Photosystem I spinach
      subchloroplast particles have been studied at approximately 6 degrees K. Using
      the technique of flash photolysis-electron spin resonance with actinic
      illumination at 647 nm, a kinetic analysis of the previously observed bound
      ferredoxin ESR signals was carried out. Signal I (P700+) exhibits a partial light
      reversible behavior at 6 degrees K so it was expected that if the bound
      ferredoxin is the primary acceptor of Photosystem I, it should also exhibit a
      partial reversible behavior. However, none of the bound ferredoxin ESR signals
      showed any such light reversible behavior. A search to wider fields revealed two
      components which did exhibit the expected kinetic behavior. These components are
      very broad (about 80 G) and are centered at g equals to 1.75 and g equals to
      2.07. These two components exhibit the expected characteristics of the primary
      electron acceptor. A model is presented to account for the reversible and
      irreversible photochemical changes in Photosystem I. The possible identity of the
      primary acceptor responsible for these two new components, is discussed in terms
      of the available information. The primary acceptor may be an iron-sulfur protein,
      but not of the type characteristic of the bound or water-soluble ferredoxins
      found so far in chloroplasts.

PMID- 163650
TI  - The rapid component of electron paramagnetic resonance signal II: a candidate for
      the physiological donor to photosystem II in spinach chloroplasts.
AB  - Rapid light-induced transients in EPR Signal IIf (F-+) are observed in 3-(3,4
      dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)-treated, Tris-washed chloroplasts until
      the state F P680 Q minus is reached. In the absence of exogenous redox mediators
      several flashes are required to saturate this photoinactive state. However, the
      Signal IIf transient is observed on only the first flash following DCMU addition
      if an efficient donor to Signal IIf, phenylenediamine or hydroquinone, is
      present. Complementary polarographic measurements show that under these
      conditions oxidized phenylenediamine is produced only on the first flash of a
      series. The DCMU inhibition of Signal IIf can be completely relieved by oxidative
      titration of a one-electron reductant with E'Os.o equals to + 480 mV. At high
      reduction potentials the decay time of Signal IIf is constant at about 300 ms,
      whereas in the absence of DCMU the decay time is longer and increases with
      increasing reduction potential. A model is proposed in which Q minus, the reduced
      Photosystem II primary acceptor, and D, a one-electron 480 mV donor endogenous to
      the chloroplast suspension, compete in the reduction of Signal IIf (F-+). At high
      potentials D is oxidized in the dark, and the (Q-+F-+) back reaction regenerates
      the photoactive F P680 Q state. The electrochemical and kinetic evidence is
      consistent with the hypothesis that the Signal IIf species, F, is identical with
      Z, the physiological donor to P680.

PMID- 163649
TI  - A rapid, light-induced transient in electron paramagnetic resonance signal II
      activated upon inhibition of photosynthetic oxygen evolution.
AB  - A rapid, light-induced reversible component in Signal II is observed upon
      inhibition of oxygen evolution in broken spinach chloroplasts. The inhibitory
      treatments used include Tris washing, heat, treatment with chaotropic agents, and
      aging. This new Signal II component is in a 1 : 1 ratio with Signal I (P700). Its
      formation corresponds to a light-induced oxidation which occurs in less than 500
      mus. The subsequent decay of the radical results from a reduction which occurs
      more rapidly as this free radical component is complete following a single 10-mus
      flash, and it occurs with a quantum efficiency similar to that observed for
      Signal I formation. Red light is more effective than far-red light in the
      generation of this species, and, in preilluminated chloroplasts, 3-(3,4
      dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea blocks its formation. Inhibition studies show
      that the decline in oxygen evolution parallels the activation of this Signal II
      component. These results are interpreted in terms of a model in which two
      pathways, one involving water, the other involving the rapid Signal II component,
      compete for oxidizing equivalents generated by Photosystem II. In broken
      chloroplasts this Signal II pathway is deactivated and water is the principal
      electron donor. However, upon inhibition of oxygen evolution, the Signal II
      pathway is activated.

PMID- 163651
TI  - Electrophoretic characterisation of low molecular weight nuclear RNA from SV40
      transformed 3T3 cells.

PMID- 163652
TI  - DNA-binding proteins from Novikoff hepatoma cells.
AB  - In 0.05 M NaCl, 6-8% of the total soluble proteins from Novikoff hepatoma cells
      bind rapidly and reversibly to columns containing either heterologous or
      homologous DNA adsorbed to cellulose. These proteins can be eluted by buffer
      containing 2.0 M NaCl. 0.5-1% of the total protein exhibits a 7-17-fold
      preference for rat DNA over Escherichia coli DNA. 1-1.5% of the proteins bind DNA
      so strongly that elution cannot be effected by 4.0 M NaCl but can be accomplished
      by deoxyribonuclease I treatment of the columns. DNA-binding proteins eluted by
      2.0 M NaCl were labeled with 125I or 131I and characterized by sodium
      dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. These
      experiments indicate that DNA-binding proteins represent a discrete subset of the
      total soluble protein. Many similarities were noted between the major components
      of the homologous and heterologous DNA-binding fractions.

PMID- 163653
TI  - Adsorption of small molecules to bovine serum albumin studied by the spin-probe
      method.
AB  - A spin-probe technique is used for quantitative EPR studies of adsorption of
      small molecules on globular proteins, of the rigidity of their binding to the
      protein and of the polarity of the environment. In the case of bovine serum
      albumin it is shown that nitroxyl radical (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-oxy-1-oxyl
      piperidine)-stearate (I) has an adsorption behaviour similar to that of the fatty
      acids, nitroxyl radical (2, 2,4, 4-tetramethyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-5, 6-benzo
      gamma-carboline-3-oxyl) (II) to that of the tryptophan molecule. Radical I
      rotates relative to the protein molecule, while Radical II is rigidly bound to
      the protein.

PMID- 163654
TI  - Insoluble non-collagenous cartilage glycoproteins with aggregating sub-units.
AB  - Two insoluble non-collagenous glycoprotein fractions (A and G) have been
      separated from puppy rib cartilage, following extraction of most of the
      proteoglycan and digestion of the insoluble residue with purified collagenase.
      After reduction, alkylation and extraction with sodium dodecylsulfate most of
      each protein is solubilized. Gel electrophoresis of solubilized A or G shows the
      presence of either one or two bands and gel chromatography shows both high and
      low molecular weight peaks. The production of a low molecular weight
      electrophoresis band from the high molecular weight Sephadex fraction indicates
      that there is aggregation and disaggregation of sub-units in sodium
      dodecylsulfate. Both A and G are high in aspartate plus glutamate and have a low
      hydroxyproline content. The insoluble A and G both contain hexose, uronic acid,
      galactosamine, glucosamine and a small amount of sialic acid, but they differ in
      their contents of hexose and six amino acids. They both form single bands in CsCl
      gradients but they differ in density. Electron microscopy shows that both
      insoluble glycoprotein fractions stain with lead, ruthenium red, or alcian blue
      plus phosphotungstate and that G contains many fine filaments. Material with the
      same appearance and staining properties was found to occur on the surface of
      collagen fibres in the undigested cartilage residue.

PMID- 163655
TI  - A simple and inexpensive method for the preparation of (beta,gamma-32P) guanosine
      5'-triphosphate.
AB  - A rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the synthesis of 32P
      labeled guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP). When yolk platelets isolated from brine
      shrimp cysts are incubated with 32PPi at pH 5.8 and in the presence of 10 mM
      MgCl2 and 5 mM dithiothreitol, the primary compound formed is [beta,gamma
      32P]GTP. The synthetic reaction is catalyzed by the yolk platelet enzyme, GTP :
      GTP guanylyltransferase, which has been demonstrated to be important in the
      biosynthesis of diguanosine 5'-tetraphosphate (Gp4G), the major purine nucleotide
      in brine shrimp yolk platelets and encysted embryos.

PMID- 163656
TI  - Three DNA polymerases of rat ascites hepatoma cells: properties of the enzymes
      and effect of RNA synthesis on the reactions.
AB  - Three different DNA polymerases have been isolated from rat ascites hepatoma
      cells [1--3]. The molecular weight of a DNA polymerase (polymerase C) purified
      from the soluble fraction of the cells was estimated to be 142 000 by
      sedimentation on a sucrose gradient, while the molecular weights of two DNA
      polymerases (polymerase P-1 and P-2) purified from nuclear membrane-chromatin
      fraction were estimated to be 117 000 and 44 000, respectively, by the same
      method. Under certain conditions, the poly (dT) strand of poly[(dA)-(dT)] was
      copied well by the polymerases, especially by the nuclear polymerases. Poly (dC)
      was a good template for the high molecular weight DNA polymerases C and P-1, but
      poly(dT) and poly(dA) were not effective templates. By addition of complementary
      oligoribonucleotides, the single-stranded deoxypolymers were copied by the high
      molecular weight polymerases C and P-1. When single-stranded fd phage DNA was
      used as template, the polymerization reactions by the high molecular weight
      polymerases were stimulated by the concomitant synthesis of RNA. This indicates
      that the oligoribonucleotide acts as a primer in these reactions.

PMID- 163657
TI  - Participation of manganese ions complexed with tRNA in the interaction with amino
      acids and dipeptides.
AB  - Carboxyl groups of glycine, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and diglycine
      interact with Mn2+ coordinated by tRNA, as revealed by 1H and 13C NMR studies.
      The amino groups of these compounds interact with tRNA phosphate groups. The
      distances between the coordinated Mn2+ and carboxyl groups and the alpha-protons
      of glycine were determined. The role of Mn2+ and Mg2+ complexed with nucleic
      acids in the formation of specific complexes between proteins and nucleic acids
      is discussed.

PMID- 163658
TI  - Human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell-line with positive Philadelphia
      chromosome.
AB  - A cell-line derived from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is
      described. The new cell-line, which has over 175 serial passanges in a 3 1/2-yr
      period, has the following characteristics: (1) CML cells started to proliferate
      actively since they were first incubated in culture media. A threefold increase
      in the total number of cells was observed during the first seven passages; the
      cell population increased by a factor of 10 to 20 every 7 days from passage 8
      through 85; from 20 to 40 times from passage 86 through 150, and more than 40
      times after 150 passages. (2) The majority of the nononucleated cells are
      undifferentiated blasts. (3) The karyotype of all the cells examined show the
      Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome and a long acrocentric marker plus aneuploidy. The
      Giemsa-banding studies identified the Ph1 chromosome as a terminal deletion of
      the long arm of chromosome 22:del(22)(q12) and the long acrocentric marker as an
      unbalanced reciprocal translocation of one chromosome 17 and the long arm of one
      chromosome 15. (4) The CML cells do not produce immunoglobulins, are free of
      mycoplasma, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes-like virus particles. (5) CML cells
      have no alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase activities and did not engulf
      inert particles. (6) Cultured CML cells provide a constant source of a specific
      antigen. This CML cell-line represents a unique source of CML cells with
      meaningful indicators of malignancy for clinical and experimental studies.

PMID- 163659
TI  - Hemoglobin J-Chicago (beta76(E20) Ala yields Asp): a new hemoglobin variant
      resulting from substitution of an external residue.
AB  - An electrophoretically fast-moving hemoglobin variant was found in a 2-yr-old boy
      who was referred for evaluation with findings of iron deficiency anemia. The
      anemia was corrected, and no hematologic abnormality remained after treatment
      with iron. Oxygen affinity of the blood was normal, and no evidence was found of
      instability of the variant hemoglobin. Structural studies demonstrated a
      substitution of aspartic acid for alanine at beta76 (E20). This change did not
      appear to cause any functional disruption of the hemoglobin in this patient, as
      would be predicted by the position of the affected animo acid residue on the
      surface of the molecule.

PMID- 163661
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of haemorrhagic shock upon plasma glucose, insulin and
      cyclic AMP levels in the pig.

PMID- 163660
TI  - Mechanism of the protective effect of succinic semialdehyde and its derivatives
      in hypoxia.
AB  - Preliminary injection of succinic semialdehyde into animals in experiments with
      hypoxia led to a lower concentration of free ammonia in their brain tissues than
      in control experiments in which the compound was not given. The enzyme system of
      the liver tissue catalyzes the oxidation of NAD-H-2 by succinic semialdeyde and
      its dervitives with a free adelhyde group.The conversion of succinic semialdeyde
      and its derivatives in the liver tissue leading to the formation of the oxidized
      form of NAD,which is deficient in hypoxia, and the prevention of accumulation of
      free ammonia in the brain tissue by preliminary administration of succinic
      semialdehyde are the possible mechanisms of the antihypoxic properties of
      succinic semialdehyde and its derivatives.

PMID- 163662
TI  - Ultrasound monitoring of hepatic metastases during chemotherapy.
AB  - Grey-scale ultrasonography has been found to be the most sensitive method of
      detecting metastatic disease of the liver. In two cases the results of
      chemotherapy were monitored by ultrasound; the response to treatment could be
      distinguished from non-response and ultrasonography gave useful information when
      chemotherapy made radioisotope examination unreliable.

PMID- 163663
TI  - Editorial: Treatment of asthmatic children with steroids.

PMID- 163664
TI  - Is the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus the source of another vestibulo-ocular
      pathway?

PMID- 163665
TI  - Brain cell nuclear retention of [3H]estradiol doses able to promote lordosis:
      temporal and regional aspects.

PMID- 163666
TI  - Baroreceptor effects on medullary respiratory neurones of the cat.

PMID- 163667
TI  - Long-term potentiation of the perforant path-granule cell synapse in the rat
      hippocampus.
AB  - When the entorhinal cortex is electrically stimulated, a monosynaptic evoked
      potential is produced in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Twenty-four hours after a
      120-pulse stimulation train, the response to a single test pulse was found to be
      increased. Stimulation trains presented at a rate of 1/day had a cumulative
      effect on both the population EPSP and spike components of the evoked potential,
      and the potentiation so produced lasted at least 12 days. In a few cases,
      retested 2 months after the last stimulation train, the population EPSP was found
      to be still highly potentiated while the population spike had declined to initial
      levels. The most reliable results and largest potentiation were obtained with
      diphasic stimulation trains of 10 Hz or greater, though some changes were
      observed even with very low frequencies (0.2 Hz). The results imply that the
      efficiency of synaptic transmission in the perforant path-granule cell synapse
      can be modified.

PMID- 163668
TI  - Cellulase location in Cellvibrio fulvus.
AB  - The location of cellulase in C. fulvus depends on the carbon source for growth
      and the age of the culture. When cells were grown on glucose or cellobiose all
      CMC-hydrolyzing enzyme was cell-bound but only part of the activity was located
      on the cell surface. Treatment of cells with EDTA, lysozyme, and detergents and
      subsequent fractionation experiments showed that cellulase was also located in
      the periplasm and bound to a membrane fraction. Growth on cellulose gave cell
      free cellulase active against CMC. The enzyme was repressed by glucose but formed
      at a constant differential rate on cellobiose and amylose. This rate was 8-10
      times lower than on cellulose and possible reasons for this are discussed.

PMID- 163669
TI  - Regulation of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase in Aspergillus nidulans.

PMID- 163670
TI  - Simplified procedures for releasing and concentrating microorganisms from soil
      for transmission electron microscopy viewing as thin-sectioned and frozen-etched
      preparations.
AB  - A simplified procedure is presented for releasing and concentrating indigenous
      microbial cells from soil for viewing by transmission electron microscopy as thin
      sections or replicas of frozen-etched preparations. This procedure is compared
      with two others reported earlier, and their relative merits are discussed as
      concerns the choice of procedure for the cellular information desired from the
      soil. Freeze-etching showed that the cell types and size distributions for cells
      which have been released and concentrated from soil are in general agreement with
      those for cells in a crude soil slurry in which no attempt to release and
      concentrate cells was made. Microcolonies were present both in the crude slurry
      and in the discard soil debris centrifugation pellets from the cell release and
      concentration procedures. In contrast to the historic assumptions, these
      microcolonies, as well as some individual cells embedded in soil debris could not
      be broken up and (or) dislodged so that they would be washed from the soil. The
      relative numbers of these cells remaining with the soil debris, however, could
      not be quantitated in the present study.

PMID- 163671
TI  - The ultrastructure of the cellulolytic bacterium Cellvibrio fulvus.
AB  - Thin sections of the cellulolytic bacterium Cellvibrio fulvus were investigated
      before and after treatment with polymyxin B and Triton X-100. The Gram-negative
      vibrio appeared to have no separate stained g2 layer between the L and C
      membranes. Cells lysed after treatment with polymyxin or swelled in the presence
      of 5% sucrose. Blebs were formed from the L membrane, and the inner structure of
      the cells changed. Triton X-100 lysed cells even in the presence of 20% sucrose.
      The flagellum disappeared before lysis; one of the membranes was dissolved; and
      no organized inner structure could be seen.

PMID- 163672
TI  - Virusemenia after cytomegalovirus mononucleosis.
AB  - Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was demonstrated for 15 months in semen from a male
      homosexual with a recent history of a mononucleosis-like illness. The male
      urogenital tract can harbor CMV for long periods, and sexual transmission of the
      virus is more likely in persons with multiple heterosexual or homosexual
      contacts.

PMID- 163673
TI  - A multiple chemotherapeutic approach to the management of hepatoblastoma. A
      preliminary report.
AB  - In 1970, a staging based on surgical resectability of hepatic tumors was devised.
      Adjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, 5-fluorouracil, and cyclophosphamide has
      been given to seven recent cases. Objectives of this study were to set up unified
      clinical staging and followup; to evaluate the effect of combination chemotherapy
      on survival in advanced disease; and to evaluate early adjunctive combination
      chemotherapy in surgically resectable lesions to, hopefully, prevent metastasis.
      Results to date in seven patients are: no change in the poor prognosis of the
      three female patients presenting with Stage III-IV hepatocellular carcinoma; the
      three males with Stage I-II hepatoblastoma have done well and survive the free of
      disease at 47 months, 44 months, and 28 months; one patient with hepatoblastoma
      had lung metastasis at diagnosis and died at 7 months with tumor. No toxicity was
      noted with the use of adjunctive combination chemotherapy following major hepatic
      resection.

PMID- 163674
TI  - From wild fowl to stalking horses: alchemy in chemotherapy. Fifth annual David A.
      Karnofsky Memorial Lecture.

PMID- 163675
TI  - A clinical trial of the oral form of 4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-beta-D
      ethylidene glucoside (NSC 141540) VP 16-213.
AB  - A clinical trial of the oral form of VP 16-213 (NSC-141540), a semisynthetic
      podophyllotoxin, was undertaken. In 20 patients, treatment was started at 200
      mg/day p.o. for 5 days; courses were repeated after a rest period of 16 days.
      Five patients were treated at the same dose, repeated with only 9-day rest
      periods. Subsequently, 65 patients were given 300-400 mg/day for 5 days, with
      rest periods of 9 days between courses. The side effects encountered included
      anorexia, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, leukopenia,
      thrombocytopenia, alopecia, and pruritus. Substernal discomfort with or without
      palpitations was reported by 18 patients; no explanation for this symptom could
      be found. No complete remissions (CR) were observed. Parital remissions (PR) and
      improvement (IMP) were seen as follows: small cell carcinoma, lung (10 patients)-
      2 PR, 3 IMP; adenocarcinoma, lung (4 patients)--1 PR; alveolar cell carcinoma,
      lung (1 patient)--1 IMP; mesothelioma (4 patients)--1 IMP; ovarian cancer (12
      patients)--3 PR, 3 IMP; breast cancer (20 patients)--4 IMP; colon cancer (8
      patients)--2 IMP; bladder cancer (4 patients)--2 IMP; histiocytic lymphoma (7
      patients)--2 PR, 3 IMP; chronic myeloid leukemia (1 patient)--1 IMP.

PMID- 163676
TI  - Yoshi 864 (NSC 102627) 1-propanol, 3, 3'-iminodi-dimethanesulfonate (ester)
      hydrochloride: a phase 1 study.
AB  - Yoshi 864 was given i.v. push daily times 5 with 6 weeks' followup. Dose
      escalation was from 0.25 mg/kg to 2.7 mg/kg. Toxicity and effectiveness were
      first seen at 1.5 mg/kg. Twenty-five courses were given to 16 patients at or
      above this level. In 16 of 22 courses, exclusive of CML, thrombopenia and/or
      leukopenia occurred. Mean platelet and WBC nadirs occurred on day 24 and 29 with
      recovery taking 1-2 weeks and 2-3 weeks respectively. Hb fell in 11 courses. At
      2.7 mg/kg, nausea and vomiting lasting 6-12 days occurred in 3 of 7 courses;
      during 5 coures patients slept 20 hours a day, and 1 was comatose for 2 days. Two
      patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 1 with an unknown primary responded.
      Both patients with CML had clinical remissions. It is recommended that a
      cooperative Phase II Study in a broad spectrum of human solid tumors including
      lymphomas and chronic myelocytic leukemia be undertaken at a dose level of 2
      mg/kg.

PMID- 163677
TI  - Radiation enteritis in children. A retrospective review, clinicopathologic
      correlation, and dietary management.
AB  - The clinicopathologic features of radiation enteritis are reviewed in 44 children
      receiving whole abdominal radiation therapy between 1961-1972 at the Institut
      Gustave-Roussy. Five of 14 long-term survivors (36%) developed severe delayed
      radiation injury with small bowel obstruction, occurring within 2 months after
      completion of irradiation. All had previously had acute radiation reaction during
      therapy. Histologic appearance in the small bowel at the time of delayed
      radiation injury revealed severe villus blunting, lymphatic dilatation, and
      moderately dense inflammatory infiltrate. All patients with delayed radiation
      injury showed marked clinical improvement coincident with a fractionated low
      residue, low-fat diet, free of gluten and free of milk and milk products. The
      abnormal small bowel roentgenographs and small bowel biopsies reverted to a
      normal appearance in association with the diet. No exacerbation of radiation
      enteritis has been seen following dietary therapy.

PMID- 163678
TI  - Wilms' tumor and renal cell carcinoma in retroperitoneal teratoma.
AB  - A patient with a malignant retroperitoneal teratoma that contained Wilms' tumor
      and renal cell carcinoma is described. The rarity of renal tissue in teratoma,
      and the possible mode of development of Wilms' tumor and renal cell carcinoma in
      such a tumor are discussed.

PMID- 163679
TI  - Syndrome of fetal gigantism, renal hamartomas, and nephroblastomatosis with
      Wilms' tumor.
AB  - A new case of the fetal gigantism-renal hamartomas-nephroblastomatosis syndrome
      is described, in which a Wilms' tumor occurred. It is considered that this
      observation provides strong evidence for the interrelationship between renal
      dysplasia and renal neoplasia.

PMID- 163680
TI  - Synovial sarcoma of the neck: a followup study of 24 cases.
AB  - This article reviews the clinicopathologic features and the biological behavior
      of 24 cases of synovial sarcoma that took origin from the cervical prevertebral
      connective tissue space and manifested as a retropharyngeal tumor or as a
      palpable mass in the anterior or posterior cervical triangle. The age of the 24
      patients ranged from 10 to 51 years, with a median of 19 years. Ten patients were
      women and 14 men. Hoarseness or difficulty in breathing or swallowing were the
      first symptoms in eight patients. The tumors were solitary and ranged from 2 to
      10 cm in greatest dimension. Microscopically, all of the cases showed the
      characteristic biphasic cellular pattern of a synovial sarcoma, with epithelioid
      and fibrosarcoma-like areas in varying proportions. Synovioblastic origin of the
      neoplasm was confirmed by the results of histochemical staining procedures and,
      in 1 case, by the examination with the electron microscope. Of the 21 cases
      followup information, 12 had died (10 with pulmonary metastasis) and 9 were alive
      and free of symptoms. Prompt and complete surgical removal is required to prevent
      complications from recurrent tumor growth or metastasis.

PMID- 163681
TI  - Specific estrogen binding in rat mammary tumors induced by 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken with 7,12-dimethylbenz(q)anthracene-induced mammary
      tumors of the rat to determine whether ovarian-dependent and ovarian-independent
      tumors could be distinguished on the basis of differences in the estrogen binding
      capacity of the tumors in vitro and in vivo. Our results confirm reports showing
      that ovarian-depentent tumors undergo interaction between ovarian-dependent
      tumors undergo interaction between 17beta-(3H)estradiol and specific estrogen
      binding components both in vivo and in vitro, as described for other estrogen
      target tissues. However, our results also demonstrated that certain 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumors, which continue to grow after
      ovariectomy of the host, contained significant amounts of 17beta-(3H)estradiol
      bound to cytoplasmic as well as nuclear components. The sedimentation properties
      of these components were indistinguishable from those of either ovarian-dependent
      7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumors or rat uterus. The cytoplasmic
      binding components of both classes of tumors exhibited similar specificities for
      estrogens. There did not appear to be an absolute correlation between estrogen
      binding capacity of a tumor and its growth response to ovariectomy.

PMID- 163682
TI  - Autoantibodies with antilipoprotein specificity and hypolipoproteinemia in
      patients with cancer.
AB  - Sera from 151 patients with a variety of cancers were screened for antibody-like
      activity against lipoproteins. Eighteen % of the sera exhibited activity against
      autologous and homologous high-density lipoproteins and 3% exhibited activity
      autologous and homologous low-density lipoprotiens. Antibody-like binding was
      proven by its restriction to the Fab fragment of IgG.  The reactive part of the
      lipoprotein molecule was shown to be the appoprotein. Quantiation of the serum
      lipoproteins indicated that thehigh-density lipoprotien concentration in the sera
      of cancer patients was significantly lower (psmaller than 0.01) when antibody was
      present. These observation suggest that autoimmune mechanisms may be responsible
      for the decreased high-density lipoprotein serum levels in some patients with
      cancer.

PMID- 163683
TI  - The glycosaminoglycans in human hepatic cancer.
AB  - A method is proposed for the analysis of glycosaminoglycans that were isolated
      from human liver, combining cellulose acetate electrophoresis and enzymatic
      digestion with mucopolysaccharidases. The major constituent of
      glycossaminoglycans in the healthy liver is heparin sulfate and/or heparin (about
      65%), with approximately equal quantities of dermatan sulfate and hyalauronic
      acid (about 13.5 and 13%, respectively) and a small amount of chondroitin
      sulfate. These components, especially chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid,
      are markedly increased in hepatic carcinomas.

PMID- 163684
TI  - Blastomogenic activity of p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid in mice.
AB  - Blastomogenic activity of p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid was established by prolonged
      s.c. administration into C57BL/6 and CC57BR mice. Phenyllactic acid was also
      tested and was not blastomogenic under the same conditions. The preparations in
      aqueous solutions were injected into the dorsal region twice weekly in 1.5-mg
      doses. The total dose per mouse was 42 mg p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid or 50 mg
      phenyllactic acid. The resorptive character and many forms of blastomogenic
      activity of p-hydroxphenyllactic acid were shown. It induced neoplasms of varied
      histogenesis (leukemias, adenomas, hepatomas, and tumors of the vascular
      tissue),including benign and malignant tumors and precancerous conditions of the
      urniary bladder.

PMID- 163685
TI  - Comparative adenylate cyclase activities in homogenate and plasma membrane
      fractions of Morris hepatoma 5123tc (h).
AB  - Homogenate and plasma membrane fractions of Morris hepatoma 5123tc (h) and rat
      liver were studied with regard to their relative basal activties of adenylate
      cyclase and to the comparative responsiveness of this enzyme to glucagon, sodium
      fluoride, epinephrine, prostaglandin E1, and insulin. The basal adenylate cyclase
      activities of the hepatoma fractions were found to be similar to those of liver
      at an adenosine 5'triphosphate concentration of 3.2 mM; if the substrate affinity
      (Km adenosine 5'-triphosphate) of the tumor enzyme is comparable to that of
      liver, these findings suggest that the reduced basal cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate levels found to occur in hepatoma 5123tc (h) probably are not due
      to a decreased basal rate of formation of this cyclic nucleotide. Glucagon (5.6
      muM) significantly stimulated adenylate cyclase in both fractions of hepatoma and
      livers; however, the responsiveness of the tumor enzyme to this hormone was
      substantially lower than the responsiveness of liver for both homogenate and
      plasma membrane preparations; i.e., activities were enhanced 18-fold (relative to
      the basal activity)for liver homogenate compared with only a 6-fold increase for
      tumor. With the plasma membrane preparations, glucagon increased the activities 5
      and 3.5-fold in liver and hepatoma, respectively. Sodium fluoride (10mM), in
      contrast to glucagon, increased the adenylate cyclase activity to approximately
      the same extent (about 10-fold) in the liver and hepatoma preparations.
      Epinephrine (100 muM) enhanced the liver and hepatoma homogenate activites 3- to
      4-fold and the hepatoma plasma membrane activities 2-fold; however, the liver
      plasma membrane activites were not increased. Prostaglandin E1 (56.6 MUM)
      significantly increased adenylate cyclase activites of liver and hepatoma
      homogenates (i.e., 1.5- and 3-fold, respectively) but not of the plasma membrane
      preparations. Insulin (0.7 muM) did not significantly alter adenylate cyclase
      activities in any of the preparations.

PMID- 163686
TI  - Increased activity of low-Km cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      phosphodiesterase in plasma membranes of Morris hepatoma 5123tc (h).
AB  - The total cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase
      activities as well as the activities of the low- and high-K-m enzyme forms were
      investigated in homogenates, 100,000 X g supernatants, and plasma membrane
      fractions of rat liver and Morris hepatoma 5123tc(h); the responsiveness of
      hepatoma and liver plasma membrane (low-K-m) phosphodiesterases to imidazole (40
      mM) and theophylline (5mM) were also compared at cAMP concentrations of 1 and 7.5
      muM. The total cAMP phosphodiesterase activities of tumor homogenates and 100,000
      X g supernatant fractions were found to be less than one-half those of liver;
      kinetic studies of homogenates indicated that this finding was largely due to a
      substantial reduction (53%) in activity of the hepatoma high-K-m enzyme. In
      contrast, low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase activities for tumor homogenate and
      plasma membrane fractions were significantly (50%) higher than liver; this was
      particularly evident when cAMP concentrations were between 0.5 and 2 muM. Since
      these concentrations are in the range of basal physiological levels of cAMP in
      hepatocytes, the present results suggest that the reduced levels of cAMP,
      previously observed in hepatoma 5123tc (h), are primarily due TO An increased
      rate of cAMP metabolism by low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase in plasma membranes of
      the tumor. Imidazole increased the activity of the low-K-m cAMP phosphodiesterase
      of liver plasma membranes by 22 (1 muM cAMP) and 38% (7.5 muM camp); tumor
      activity was enhanced 35 and 50%, respectively, at 1 and 7.5 muM cAMP.
      Theophylline inhibited the plasma membrane phosphodiesterase activity of liver 79
      and 53% at cAMP concentrations of 1 and 7.5 muM, respectively; hepatoma activity
      was inhibited 82 (1 muM cAMP) and 62% (7.5 muM cAMP).

PMID- 163687
TI  - Estrogen-prolactin dependency in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumors.
AB  - Hormonal influences on dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumor growth were
      investigated in detail by endocrine ablation and replacement of hormones. The
      majority of tumors regressed following ablation and most of them were reactivated
      by subsequent administrations of estrogen (0.1 to 5 mug) or prolactin (2 mg).
      Increasing numbers of tumors, however, were not stimulated by prolactin when
      administration was delayed, and a basal level of estradiol (0.01 mug) in addition
      to prolactin was required for reactivation of tumors. Nafoxidine hydrochloride, a
      competitor of estrogen at the receptor sites, arrested growth of a large portion
      of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumors in intact animals but failed to
      retard growth of prolactin-stimulated tumors. On withdrawal of prolactin
      nafoxidine, rapid regression of tumor occurred and readministration of prolactin
      failed to activate most of the tumors for as long as 28 days. Our results give
      good supporting evidence that estrogen plays a primary role in tumor growth. The
      interactions of prolactin and estrogen at tumor sites are necessary for
      regulatory events related to tumor growth.

PMID- 163689
TI  - Identification of the virions in the in vitro L1210(V) leukemia cell lines by
      morphological, virological, and immunological techniques.
AB  - In vitro L1210 (V) cell lines contained abundant intracytoplasmic A-particles,
      numerous C-type particles, a small number of B-type particles, and occasional
      intracisternal A-particles. The intracytoplasmic A-particles were incorporated
      into both spiked (B-type) and smooth-surfaced (C-type) particles formed at the
      budding site. Both B-and C-type particles also developed by gradual accululation
      of neucleooid material. The particles, particularly the C-type, exhibited a wide
      range of densities. The cells showed strong surface immunofluoresence for both
      murine mammary tumor virus and Gross murine leukemia virus antigens and variable
      degrees of cytoplasmic immunoflurescence for the protein antigens (p1 to p6) of
      Rauscher leukemia virus. The cells, the culture supernatant, and the purified
      virus each gave positive reactions with murine mammary tumor virus and murine
      leukemia virus antisera by immunodiffusion. The viral particles failed to infect
      C57BL, C57BL/6 X DBA/2F1 (hereafter called BD2F1), BALB/c, Af,and RIIIf mice.
      Howver, the cells were highly tumorigenic in BD1F-1 mice, moderately tumorigenic
      in BALB/c mice, but not tumorigenic in C57BL, Af, and RIIIf mice.

PMID- 163688
TI  - Alteration of glycine N-methyltransferase activity in fetal, adult, and tumor
      tissues.
AB  - Glycine N-methyltransferase activity has been examined in a number of fetal and
      adult organs, as well as in several rodent hepatomas, using both enzymatic and
      immunological techniques. In fetal rabbit liver, the activity first appears at a
      low level at about 20 days postfertilization and rises to high levels after
      birth, reaching maximum in the adult liver. In fast-growing hepatomas, the
      activity could not be detected by either enzymatic or immunological assay. It
      could be detected in the slower-growing hepatomas, but in considerably diminished
      levels compared with that of normal adult rat liver. Immunoassays gave no
      evidence for inactive forms of the enzyme in the tissues that had no enzymatic
      activity. Transfer RNA methyltransferase assays carried out simultaneously showed
      an inverse relationship to the glycine N-methyltransferase activity. The levels
      of transfer RNA methyltransferase activity were high in fetal and tumor tissues
      and lower in normal adult tissues.

PMID- 163690
TI  - A comparison of the effects of daunomycin and adriamycin on various DNA
      polymerases.
AB  - The effects of the anthracycline antiboties, daunomycin and adriamycin, on the
      DNA-directed activities of DNA polymerases from murine sarcoma virus, rat liver
      (high-molecular-weight species), Escherichia coli, and Micrococcus luteus were
      determined. Under all conditions tested, these compounds had greater inhibitory
      effect against the viral polymerase than against cellular polymerase. The
      inhibition of murine sarcoma virus DNA polymerase by daunomycin was competitive
      with respect to DNA. For viral DNA polymerase it was concluded that the
      inhibition was predominatly caused by the interaction of duanomycin with the
      primer-template DNA. Also, an appreciable reversal of the daunomycin-induced
      inhibition of this polymerase by an increase in Mg-2+ concentration is consistent
      with the conclusion derived by competition experiments. In contrast, the
      inhibition of both rat liver and M. luteus DNA polymerases was essentially
      noncompetitive with DNA. Also, bacterial enzymes wer e less sensitive to
      inhibition by these drugs than the virion polymerase. The strong and preferential
      inhibiton of viral DNA polymerase is discussed in relation to a differential
      sensitivity of normal as compared to tumor cells observed in some cell lines.

PMID- 163691
TI  - Heritability of the phytohemagglutinin responsiveness of lymphocytes and its
      relationship to leukemogenesis.
AB  - Upon analyses of 59 inbred strains, F-1 hybrids, and congenic-resistant mouse
      strains, the strain distribution pattern of the stimulation of perippheral mouse
      lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin was established using a micromethod. The family
      of DBA mice were the lowest responders of phytohemagglutinin, whereas the C57
      family responded best. Strain PL/J exhibited the best response. The response of
      lymphocytes to the lectin is governed by more than two but less than five major
      genes of unknown linkage. No direct association to the H-2 histocompatibility
      complex was found, although an indirect influence of this locus could not be
      excluded. All high-leukemia strains are good responders to phytohemagglutinin.
      None of the low-responder-group strains exhibit spontaneous leukemia. No
      correlation of the response of lymphocytes to the expression of the type C RNA
      genome could be established. Cell suspensions from animals exhibiting clinical
      signs of leukemia responded only weakly or not all to the lectin.

PMID- 163692
TI  - Benzo(alpha)pyrene effects on mouse epithelial cells in culture.
AB  - The effect of benzo (a) pyrene on the growth in culture of 5 mouse epithelial
      cell strains was examined. These epithelial cells are highly sensitive to the
      cytotoxic action of benzo (a)-pyrene. In addition, the activity of the benzol (a)
      pyrene-metabolizing system, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, is low but highly
      iducible by the carcinogen. As the sensitivity of a cell strain to the cytotoxic
      action of benjo (a) pyrene decreased, the inudcibility of the hydroxylase also
      decreased,. However, a strong correlation could not be found between cytotoxicity
      and the level of uninduced or induced hydroxylase when the values from different
      cell strains were compared. These experiments suggest that thehydroxylase is
      important in determining the sensitivity of epithelial cells to the cytotoxic
      action of benzo (a) pyrene, but other factors may also modulate this sensitivity.

PMID- 163694
TI  - Comparison of the immunogenicity of hamster cells transformed by adenovirus and
      Herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Hamsters vaccinated with adenovirus-transformed cells, modified by
      acetoacetylation or concanavalin A treatment, or with small numbers of living
      cells were partly or completely protected against challenge with 3 times 10-6
      living cells. Treatment of vaccine cells with iodoacetate, Mitomycin C,
      neuraminidase plus Mitomycin C did not produce efficient vaccines. Herpes simplex
      virus-transformed cells treated by any of these procedures did not prevent, and
      frequently even enhanced, the growth of the homologous living cells; enhancement
      was often greater in female than in male hamsters. Protective and enhancing
      vaccines did not induce a different level of cell-mediated immunity, as detected
      by lymphocytotoxicity tests, which were positive for both homologous transformed
      cells and nontransformed hamster cells. In contrast, specific complement
      dependent cytotoxic antibodies active only on adenovirus-transformed cells were
      induced by the protective acetoacetylated vaccine prepared from adenovirus
      transformed cells; these antibodies were not present after nonprotective
      vaccinations. The appearance of herpes simplex virus tumors was delayed by
      treatment with the immunostimulant, Levamisole, or by preimmunization with
      Newcastle disease virus grown in SV40-transformed cells, but not by Newcastle
      disease virus grown in herpes simplex virus-transformed cells. Thus, only
      nonspecific treatments were able to impede herpes simplex virus tumor growth,
      while protection against adenovirus tumor was accompanied by specific cytotoxic
      antibodies.

PMID- 163693
TI  - Peptidyl proline hydroxylase in adult, developing, and neoplastic rat tissues.
AB  - A sensitive assay system, optimally supplemented with tritiated protocollagen
      substrate and cofactors, is described which is suitable for determining the
      peptidyl proline hydroxylase (PPH) content of a wide spectrum of rat tissues. In
      most tissues, less than 50 percent of the total activity was soluble; the
      particulate portion of the activity (concentrated in the mitochondrial and
      microsomal fractions) was doubled by pretreatment with Triton X-100. Among normal
      adult tissues, lung had the highest total PPH activity (2.4 times that of liver)
      and small intestine had the lowest (25 percent that of liver). In brain and
      lactating mammary gland, the activity was similar to that in skin (60 percent of
      that in liver). Fetal tissues contained 3 to 8 times more PPH than the
      corresponding adult tissues, and a much lower portion of the total activity was
      soluble. In four tissues studied in detail (lung, liver, kidney, and brain), the
      total PPH declined rapidly during the last few days of gestation; brain attained
      its low adult value before term, whereas the other three tissues continued to
      decrease in the course of postnatal development. An injection of cortisol to
      fetal rats enhanced the decline of PPH in lung, liver, and skull. These
      experiments suggest that during normal differentiation the decline in collagen
      synthesis is initiated by fetal glucocorticoid secretion which is maximal on the
      19th gestational day. PPH activity appears to be a sensitive indicator of
      neoplastic growth. In renal, mammary, muscle, and hepatic tumors, the PPH
      activities were 4 to 10 times higher than in the cognate adult tissue. Even in
      well-differentiated, slowgrowing tumors, the activity was considerably higher
      than in any normal, mature, or immature tissue, with the exception of the skull
      and lung of the 19-day-old fetus.

PMID- 163695
TI  - Evaluation of irradiation-plus-urethan-induced murine leukemia virus "release"
      using a new method for quantitation of oncornaviruses in tissues.
AB  - The quantity of C-type RNA tumor viruses in homogenate-sonicates of thymus-bone
      marrow tissues of C57BL/6J and RFM/Un mice 10 days after irradiation (X-rays or
      gamma-rays)-plus-urethan treatments is no greater than that in thymus-bone marrow
      homogenates from nontreated  control mice. These results indicate that the
      leukemogenic activity, shown to be present in such thymus-bone marrow homogenates
      at this time after irradiation-plus-urethan treatment, is not due to change in
      quantity of C-type viruses as has been proposed. Virus quantity in tissues was
      evaluated by a new procedure that includes use of a microchamber with the sides
      situated on rotor radii so as to produce a uniform virus-containing sediment of
      tissue homogenate-sonicate that is evaluated by electron microscopic examination
      of this sections cut perpendicular to the membrane surface. Samples containing as
      little as 105 to 106 viruses can be relatively easily counted. Semipurified or
      purified viruses can also be counted after mixing with a tissue homogenate-bovine
      serum albumin diluent.

PMID- 163696
TI  - A mixed-immunoglobulin rosette technique for detection of antibody to feline
      oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen.
AB  - A mixed-immunoglobulin rosette technique has been developed for the detection of
      antibodies to feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigens.
      Lymphoblastoid cells infected with feline leukemia virus were incubated with test
      sera and then fixed in paraformaldehyde. They were then exposed to a rabbit anti
      cat immunoglobulin G serum. Antigen-antibody reactions were detected by mixing
      the cells with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with cat anti-sheep red blood cell
      serum; the presence of cat antibody on the lymphoid cells was registered by the
      formation of sheep red blood cell rosettes around them. The method was shown to
      be at least 10 times more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescence. A high
      degree of correlation was shown between the mixed-immunoglobulin rosette and
      indirect immunofluorescence tests, using both feline leukemia virus-infected cat
      and dog cells as targets. The results indicate that the tests are likely to be
      measuring similar reactions. Using the indirect immunofluorescence test we found
      that 75% of cats with lymphoid neoplasia had no demonstrable antibodies. Twenty
      four of such indirect immunofluorescence-negative sera were tested by the mixed
      immunoglobulin rosette technique; antibody was shown in at least seven of these
      sera.

PMID- 163697
TI  - The regulation of serine dehydratase and glucose-6-phosphatase in hyperplastic
      nodules of rat liver during diethylnitrosamine and N-2-fluorenylacetamide
      feeding.
AB  - Changes in the levels of serine dehydratase and glucose-6-phosphatase induced by
      dietary stimuli or starvation in hyperplastic nodules of rat liver during
      diethylnitrosamine or N-2-fluorenylacetamide feeding were studied by immuno- and
      enzyme histochemical methods. The study was performed during carcinogenesis
      through a combined method of enzyme histochemistry and radioautography. Serine
      dehydratase was observed diffusely in the cytoplasm of the original hepatocytes
      in the periportal zone and was induced markedly during diethynitrosamine feeding
      but only slightly during N-2-fluorenylacetamide feeding. The enzyme was deficient
      and not inducible in hyperplastic nodules during their developing phase. Later
      during the feeding period, however, there was an elevation of the level of serine
      dehydratase and its inducibility with time in the majority of the nodules. A good
      correlation was observed between serine dehydratase and glucose-6-phosphatase in
      their elevated levels and response to enviornmental stimuli. There was a minor
      group of hyperplastic nodules in which the deficiencies of these enzymes
      persisted and enzyme induction was not observed. A greater number of hyperplastic
      nodules with persistent enzyme deficiency was seen during diethylnitrosamine
      carcinogenesis. These results provide further information about the changing
      biological nature of hyperplastic nodules with respect to their metabolic
      adaptability and enzyme levels during hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 163698
TI  - Physicochemical characterization of Novikoff hepatoma mitochondrial DNA.
AB  - Mitochondrial DNA's (mtDNA) isolated from rat liver and the Novikoff hepatoma
      grown as both solid tumors and cells in monolayer culture were examined by a
      variety of physicochemical techniques. Buoyant densities in analytical CsCl
      equilibrium gradients and thermal denaturation profiles revealed no significant
      differences in base composition among the mtDNA's isolated from liver, tumor, and
      hepatoma cells. Sedimentation in neurtral and alkaline CsCl showed no differences
      in mtDNA size. However, tumor and hepatoma cell mtDNA's were slightly smaller and
      more heterogeneous in size than liver mtDNA when molecular contour lengths were
      measured in the electron microscope. Based on chemical determinations, neoplastic
      mitochondria contained four to five times more DNA per mitochondrion than liver.
      Also, electron microscopy showed the proportion of mtDNA in complex forms
      (catenated dimers and oligomers) to be much higher in tumor (18%) and hepatoma
      cells (15%) than liver (4%).

PMID- 163700
TI  - Prolactin and estrogen binding in transplantable hormone-dependent and autonomous
      rat mammary carcinoma.
AB  - A hormone-dependent subline of the transplantable rat mammary tumor MTW9 contains
      binding sites for both prolactin and estrogen. Prolactin binding is saturable (K
      d similar to 2 times 10-9 M), hormone specific, and destroyed by proteases. By
      contrast, an autonomous subline derived from the same parent tumor has lost more
      than 75% of both prolactin- and estrogen-binding sites, although binding
      affinities for both hormones are unchanged. This reduction in binding sites for
      both prolactin and estrogen in the autonomous line may result in an incomplete
      recognition of the tumor cells as a target for the circulating hormones with a
      subsequent loss of hormone-dependent growth characteristics.

PMID- 163699
TI  - The presence of histone H1degree in human tissues.
AB  - Histone Hidegree was found to be present in a number of human tissues. It
      constituted 50% of the total 5% perchloric acid-soluble histone in human breast,
      35%in thyroid, 12 to 18% in adrenal, and 7% in parathyroid tissues. The
      quantities of histone Hldegree in these human tissues were large compared with
      the amounts found in rat liver (8%), calf thymus (0%), and HeLa cells (0%).
      Although the quantity of histone Hldegree was found to vary from one type of
      tissue to another, it was essentially constant in normal, hyperplastic, and
      neoplastic human thyroid tissues.

PMID- 163701
TI  - [The mechanism of action of prostaglandins (author's transl)].

PMID- 163702
TI  - Messenger RNA species synthesized in vitro by the virion-associated RNA
      polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - The virion-associated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus
      (VSV) synthesizes in vitro two size classes of RNA products similar to those
      observed in VSV-infected cells. One RNA product sediments at 31S with an
      approximate molecular weight of 2.1 X 106. The smaller products consist of at
      least three classes of RNA sedimenting at 17S, 14.5S, and 12S with molecular
      weights of 0.7 X 106, 0.52 X 106, and 0.37 X 106, respectively. Hybridization
      experiments show that both the 31S and 12-18S RNA products are complementary to
      the genome RNA, and that each class is transcribed from different nucleotide
      sequences. From the molecular weights of the RNA species and the hybridization
      experiments, it seems that almost the entire VSV genome RNA is transcribed in
      vitro.

PMID- 163703
TI  - Lack of requirement for cell cooperation in the antibody response to DNP
      conjugated to levan.

PMID- 163704
TI  - Antigenic relationship between medullary thymocytes and a subpopulation of
      peripheral T cells in the rat: description of a masked antigen.

PMID- 163705
TI  - Recovery of B lymphocyte responsiveness after complete radioactive antigen
      suicide, and the affinity of antibody made after incomplete suicide.

PMID- 163706
TI  - [Biochemical processes in the epiphysis and their regulation].

PMID- 163707
TI  - [Metabolism of glycogen. II. Degradation of glycogen].

PMID- 163708
TI  - Anesthesia and the golgi apparatus: enzyme activity changes in a golgi-rich
      fraction of rat liver after a short ether anesthesia.
AB  - Activity changes of enzymes in isolated rat liver Golgi preparations at different
      times (1-48 h) after a short ether anesthesia are reported. Activity of
      galactosyl-transferase showed a slight gradual increase but thiamine
      pyrophosphatase decreased sharply, and after 24 h increased to above control
      level. Arylsulphatase-A remained largely unchanged, and B was significantly
      decreased. Acid phosphatase activity did remain at the control level, but alkali
      phosphatase showed a gradual and highly significant increase. Five other enzymes
      representing probable contaminations from other subcellular organelles, have also
      been assayed. Correlation is sought between the enzyme activity changes and some
      other metabolic effects of anesthesia.

PMID- 163709
TI  - Effect of insulin on the proliferation of cultured primate arterial smooth muscle
      cells.
AB  - Smooth muscle cells were grown from thoracic aortas of 1-year-old monkeys (Macaca
      nemistrina). The effect of insulin on the proliferation of these cells was
      studied by comparing the growth of cells in culture medium to which insulin had
      been added with that of cells in basal (1% monkey serum) medium and in growth
      promoting 5% monkey serum. Insulin in concentrations of 10, 100, 1,000, and
      10,000 muunits/ml resulted in successively greater stimulation of growth which
      was highly significant (P smaller than 0.001) by analysis of variance. There was
      a significant linear relationship between the logarithm of the insulin dose and
      cell growth. However, the highest concentration of insulin produced only 50% of
      the effect of 5% monkey serum. Serum from which insulin had been removed
      stimulated growth less well (P smaller than 0.05) than did untreated serum at the
      same concentration (5%) but had significant (P smaller than 0.05) stimulating
      properties compared with whole serum at a lower concentration. Cells that were
      older in culture life (eight or nine passages) did not show a growth response to
      insulin and had an attenuated response to 5% serum. The effect of insulin (100
      muunits/ml) was inhibited by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP)
      (5 times 10-5 M), although there was a latent period of 3 days before inhibition
      occurred; db-cAMP had no effect on cell counts in the absence of insulin. The
      electron microscopic appearance of the cells was unaltered by insulin.

PMID- 163710
TI  - In vitro acetylcholine biosynthesis in normal and failing guinea pig hearts.
AB  - Choline acetyltransferase activity, which is rate limiting in acetylcholine
      biosynthesis, was measured in the four heart chambers of guinea pigs subjected to
      (1) sham surgery, (2) constriction of the ascending aorta, (3) constriction of
      the descending thoracic aorta, and (4) constriction of the pulmonary artery.
      After 30 days when hypertrophy and heart failure were fully established, choline
      acetyltransferase was quantified in vitro by a radiochemical assay. In the sham
      operated group, enzyme activity expressed in terms of unit weight of cardiac
      tissue was greatest in the right atrium and the right ventricle and lower in th
      left atrium and the left ventricle (3.62 plus or minus 0.30, 2.96 plus or minus
      0.52, 1.64 plus or minus 0.15, and 1.67 plus or minus 0.22 nmoles/min g-1,
      respectively). Enzyme activity was reduced (P less than 0.05) in the right atria
      and the right ventricles of guinea pigs with constriction of the pulmonary artery
      (1.68 plus or minus 0.37 and 1.31 plus or minus 0.29 nmoles/min g-1,
      respectively). Enzyme activity also tended to be reduced in the left atria and
      the left ventricles of guinea pigs with constriction of the aorta. These changes
      represented a relative dilution of enzyme activity per unit weight but not an
      absolute depletion, since choline acetyltransferase activity per ventricle was
      not reduced. The absence of significant changes in the total amount of the
      neuronal enzyme, choline acetyltransferase, per ventricle contrasted with the
      observed increases in the myocardial enzyme, carnitine acetyltransferase. These
      results confirm the presence of significant parasympathetic innervation of the
      ventricles as well as the atria but do not demonstrate alterations in
      parasympathetic neurotransmitter biosynthesis in hypertrphied and failing
      myocardium. The absence of absolute reductions in choline acetyltransferase
      activity in hypertrophied and failing ventricle contrasts strikingly with the
      previously reported reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase, which is rate limiting in
      sympathetic neurotransmitter biosynthesis.

PMID- 163712
TI  - Letter: Hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia: a case study.

PMID- 163711
TI  - Increased inorganic serum pyrophosphate in serum and urine of patients with
      osteogenesis imperfecta.

PMID- 163713
TI  - Vitiligo and dysgammaglobulinemia. A case report and family study.
AB  - This report concerns an 8 year old female with vitiligo and dysgammaglobulinemia
      characterized by absent IgA, very low IgG, and normal IgM. The t-cell immune
      system was intact but other family members had low levels or absence of IgA. The
      possible relationship of dysgammaglobulinemia and vitiligo is discussed along
      with the classification and inheritance of the immune cell defects.

PMID- 163714
TI  - Central failure of B-lymphocyte induction in pan-hypogammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 163715
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus binding sites on lymphocyte subpopulations and the origin of
      lymphoblasts in cultured lymphoic cell lines and in the blood of patients with
      infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 163716
TI  - Production of macrophage inhibition factor by rat lymphocytes following exposure
      to isologous liver subcellular membranes.

PMID- 163717
TI  - An established Burkitt's lymphoma line with cell membrane IgG.

PMID- 163718
TI  - Control of phosphorylative activity in human liver mitochondria through changes
      in respiratory enzyme contents.
AB  - 1. Oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory enzyme activities were measured in
      the mitochondria from the non-involved lobe of the liver in eighteen patients
      with massive tumour mainly localized to one lobe and from the regenerating livers
      of partially hepatectomized rats treated with chloramphenicol. 2. In patients,
      the concentrations of cytochrome a(t) varied from 40 to 170 pmol/mg of protein.
      In mitochondria with cytochrome a(t) concentrations more than 70 pmol/mg of
      protein, the phosphorylative activity per mg of mitochondrial protein was
      considerably higher than in controls. The mitochondrial oxidative and
      phosphorylative activities per unit of cytochrome a(t) were negatively correlated
      with the concentration of cytochrome a(t). These patients with mitochondrial
      cytochrome a(t) exceeding 70 pmol/mg of protein tolerated partial hepatectomy
      well. On the other hand, in patients with mitochondrial cytochrome a(t) less than
      60 pmol/mg of protein, phosphorylative activity was very low and there was a high
      surgical mortality. 3. In the regenerating liver of rats treated with
      chloramphenicol, the oxidative and phosphorylative activities per unit of
      cytochrome a(t) were negatively correlated with the concentration of cytochrome
      a(t). 4. It is suggested that an increase in ATP-synthesizing activity per unit
      of respiratory assemblies is the most basic homeostatic mechanism maintaining
      energy production in response to an increased metabolic load upon hepatic cells.

PMID- 163719
TI  - The effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on renal tubular reabsorption of
      phosphate, intestinal absorption of calcium and bone histology in
      hypophosphataemic renal tubular rickets.
AB  - 1. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2-D3) was given at a dose of 5-0 nmol
      (2-1 mug) daily by mouth for 4-12 days to three patients with hypophosphataemic
      (type I), vitamin D-resistant rickets. 2. 1,25-(OH)2-D3 increased intestinal
      absorption and urinary excretion of calcium without significant effect on the
      renal handling of phosphate or its plasma concentration. 3. It is concluded that
      in this type of vitamin D-resistant rickets the renal phosphate abnormality is
      unlikely to be due to diminished endogenous production of 1,25-(OH)2-D3. 4. The
      difference between this condition and other hypophosphataemic states is
      discussed.

PMID- 163720
TI  - Feedback regulation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol metabolism by vitamin D3.
AB  - 1. In vitamin D-deficient chicks both vitamin D3 and 1alpha
      hydroxycholecalciferol markedly decrease renal 1-hydroxylase activity and induce
      24-hydroxylase activity. 2. Actinomycin D abolishes both effects. 3. These
      results are consistent with feedback regulation of vitamin D3 metabolism by a
      direct nuclear action of the vitamin or its metabolites on the kidney cells.

PMID- 163721
TI  - Effect of long-acting thyroid stimulator on serum concentration of luteinizing
      hormone in the rat.
AB  - 1. The effect of long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) on the serum luteinizing
      hormone (LH) levels of the rat in pro-oestrus has been studied. 2. The injection
      of three out of four LATS-containing immunoglobulin G fractions caused an
      increase in amounts of serum LH. 3. Adrenalectomy and dexamethason suppression
      did not alter this response. 4. Injection of large doses of adrenocorticotrophic
      hormone did not produce any increase in serum concentrations of LH. 5. It is
      postulated that LATS may have a direct effect on the release of LH from the
      pituitary gland.

PMID- 163722
TI  - Lysosomal enzymes in aquatic species. IV. Distribution and particle properties of
      muscle lysosomes of the lobster, Homarus americanus.

PMID- 163723
TI  - Disorders of movement: a mercifully short primer.
AB  - The best known biochemical pathway in the brain is probably the nigrostriatal
      system. Even so, its relationship to Parkinsonism is incompletely understood. Its
      relationship to Huntington's chorea and the dyskinetic responses is even less
      well understood. The significance of this system in other related disorders such
      as Heterogeneous system degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, and
      striatonigral degeneration is still more speculative. In an effort to elucidate
      underlying neuropharmacology, trials with levodopa, amantadine, haloperidol, and
      lithium have been undertaken. This increasing concentration in biochemical
      mediators reflects changing patterns in neurology where new emphasis on
      biochemical pathways is replacing in current interest the emphasis previously
      placed on more traditional neuro-anatomical pathways such as the classical
      ascending sensory and descending motor tracts.

PMID- 163724
TI  - [Use of the macrophage-electrophoretic-mobility test in the diagnosis of tumours
      of the central nervous system (author's transl)].
AB  - The macrophage-electrophoretic-mobility (MEM) tests of Field and Caspary
      demonstrates the macrophage-slowing factor (MSF) produced by specifically
      sentised blood lymphocytes after incubation with the homologous antigen. Besides
      other diseases with a cellular immune reaction like multiple sclerosis malignant
      tumours show a reduction of the macrophage mobility in the cell electrophoresis.
      A significant inhibition in the MEM- test was found in 30 out of  33 tumours of
      the CNS. Glioblastomas, astrocytomas, spongioblastomas, ependymomas, neurinomas,
      meningiomas, and a myxofibroma showed a positive result (more than 10%
      inhibition). The results in ectodermal tumours (pituitary adenoma,
      craniopharyngioma) differed; secondary brain tumours showed the greatest
      inhibition.

PMID- 163725
TI  - [Trophoblastic tumor due to pregnancy. Course, prognosis and treatment].

PMID- 163726
TI  - [ACTH in therapy of chronic polyarthritis].

PMID- 163727
TI  - [The vaso-active intestinal polypeptide in Verner-Morrison syndrome].
AB  - A 40-year-old man with the Verner-Morrison syndrome (refractory watery diarrhoea
      and hypokalaemia in islet-cell tumour of the pancreas) had an islet-cell
      carcinoma of the non-B-cell type with metastases to liver and mesenteric lymph
      nodes.  High concentrations of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were
      demonstrated in tumour tissue and plasma by radioimmunological tests.  After
      surgical removal of the tumour the plasma VIP concentration fell to normal. 
      Immunohistochemical tests of the tumour for gastrointestinal hormones
      demonstrated marked fluorescence only for vaso-active intestinal polypeptide.  It
      is assumed that this polypeptide is largely responsible for the clinical signs. 
      In the described case the severe watery diarrhoea ceased after glucocorticoid
      administration.

PMID- 163728
TI  - Differences in corticosterone and dexamethasone binding to rat brain and
      pituitary.
AB  - In an attempt to relate binding of 3H-corticosterone and 3H-dexamethasone to
      their respective potencies in blocking pituitary-adrenal activity, cytosol
      binding in vitro and cell nuclear binding both in vivo and in tissue slices in
      vitro were studied in hippocampus, hypothalamus, and anterior pituitary of
      adrenalectomized rats. It was found that the extremely potent glucocorticoid
      dexamethasone has a different pattern of binding than corticosterone in the brain
      and in the anterior pituitary. 1) In cytosol, differences in the estimated
      binding capacities in a particular tissue for 3H-corticosterone and 3H
      dexamethasone and different rates of inactivation in the ability to bind the two
      steroids are observed. 2) For 3H-corticosterone, cytosol binding in hippocampus
      is higher than that in hypothalamus, and cell nuclear binding follows the same
      pattern. For 3H-dexamethasone, cytosol binding is again higher in the hippocampus
      than in hypothalamus but cell nuclear binding in the two structures is not
      significantly different. With respect to the anterior pituitary, binding to cell
      nuclei is higher for 3H-dexamethasone, while the binding to cytosol
      macromolecules is higher for 3H-corticosterone. 3) In vivo and in vitro cell
      nuclear binding for both steroids showed the same pattern among the three
      tissues, but in vivo data showed more distinctly the preference of 3H
      dexamethasone for the anterior pituitary and the preference of 3H-corticosterone
      for the hippocampus. 4) When labeled in tissue slices, cell nuclear radioactivity
      appears to be bound to macromolecules. 5) Steroid metabolism does not occur in
      slices during 60 min in vitro at 25 C and cannot account for the observed tissue
      differences in binding. The existence of more than one population of
      corticosteroid-binding sites in brain and in anterior pituitary is suggested. The
      results are consistent with the view that the dexamethasone blockade of stress
      induced ACTH release is mediated by the anterior pituitary, while the high
      specificity of cotricosterone binding in the hippocampus implies a specific but
      as yet undetermined effect of the hormone in this brain area, an effect which may
      not be directly related to regulation of ACTH secretion.

PMID- 163729
TI  - Rat sertoli cells: a rapid method for obtaining viable cells.
AB  - A method is described for obtaining populations of viable Sertoli cells from rat
      testes. Minced whole testes from rats of 15 to 29 days of age are sequentially
      treated with collagenase and pancreatin. The resulting suspension of cells is
      sedimented through a sucrose density gradient. Preparations are produced
      consisting of from 60% to 82% Sertoli cells, an enrichment of 2 to 5 times the
      proportion of Sertoli cells in whole testes of these ages. The preparations are
      free of interstitial cells, are essentially free of peritubular cells and contain
      reduced numbers of germinal cells; the main contaminating cell types are
      spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The Sertoli cells are considered to be 95%
      viable by their ability to exclude trypan blue and by subsequent culturing in
      vitro. The entire procedure requires 3 h. Maintenance of the Sertoli-enriched
      fraction in modified Eagle's minimal essential medium temporarily at 41 C allows
      preparations of Sertoli cell monolayer cultures consisting of 95%-98% Sertoli
      cells within 3 days.

PMID- 163730
TI  - A protein from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (LEM) which affects the rate of
      hepatic amino acid transport and synthesis of acute-phase globulins.
AB  - A proteinaceous secretion from phagocytizing polymorphonuclear leukocytes, termed
      "leukocytic endogenous mediator" (LEM), has been shown to have marked effects on
      hepatic amino acid transport and RNA and protein synthesis. A single injection of
      LEM results in a marked accumulation of labeled nonmetabolizable model amino
      acids in the liver of normal rats. The LEM-stimulated uptake of amino acids by
      liver was observed in adrenalectomized, hypophysectomized, thyroidectomized, or
      diabetic rats and could not be duplicated by pharmacological doses of a large
      variety of hormones. In addition, LEM stimulated an increased uptake of alpha
      aminoisobutyric acid by isolated livers during their perfusion in vitro. LEM also
      stimulated an increased incorporation of orotic acid into hepatic RNA of intact
      rats, especially into the bound ribosomal fraction. This increased synthesis of
      RNA preceded an enhanced hepatic production of a number of the acute-phase plasma
      globulins. LEM did not stimulate the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system in liver and
      was not found to utilize this system as a second messenger. Thus, the effects of
      LEM in stimulating hepatic amino acid transport appear to be direct, without
      mediation by other hormones, and to be independent of cAMP. On the other hand,
      the ability of LEM to stimulate RNA and acute phase globulin synthesis in liver
      may require the presence of physiological quantities of hormones such as adrenal
      corticoids.

PMID- 163731
TI  - Adenine nucleotides in the secretory granule fraction of rat islets.
AB  - Concomitant with glucose-induced insulin release, there occurred an increase of
      ATP from 4.40 plus or minus 0.21 to 23.16 plus or minus 0.52 pmol/100 islets/min
      (P less than 0.001) in the effluent from perifused rat islets. There is a linear
      relationship between circulating ATP and insulin levels both in the stimulated
      and basal state (r = 0.689, P less than 0.01). Islets incubated with labeled
      adenine for a short period of time (37.5 min) showed no release of radioactivity
      upon subsequent glucose-induced insulin release. Islets incubated for a prolonged
      interval with labeled adenine (150 min) showed an increase in acid soluble
      radioactivity in the effluent during glucose-induced insulin release. Following
      incubation of the islets with labeled adenine for 150 min, approximately 5% of
      the homogenate radioactivity was found in the secretory granules. Using column
      chromatography to separate the adenine nucleotides, the distribution of
      radioactivity among the various nucleotides in the secretory granule fraction was
      found to be: AMP 54.42 plus or minus 4.96%, ADP 14.20 plus or minus 1.63%, ATP
      15.39 plus or minus 3.84%, and cAMP 16.07 plus or minus 2.11%. The distribution
      of radioactivity in the effluent adenine nucleotides after glucose-induced
      insulin release was: AMP 32.83 plus or minus 4.62%, ADP 24.52 plus or minus
      2.77%, ATP 28.13 plus or minus 5.45%, and cAMP 26.01 plus or minus 3.34%. The
      absolute levels of adenine nucleotides in the secretory granules were ATP 4.19
      plus or minus 0.88, ATP madp 7.94 plus or minus 2.20 and cAMP 4.46 plus or minus
      1.74 pmol/ug prot. The levels in the islet effluent were ATP, 15.30 plus or minus
      2.70, ATP qDP, 29.43 plus or minus 3.49 and cAMP 7.66 plus or minus 1.93 pmol/100
      islets/min for the first ten min of glucose-stimulated insulin release.
      Thereafter there was a rapid decline in effluent cAMP while ATP and ADP remained
      in essentially equivalent amounts. The distribution of radioactivity and absolute
      levels of the adenine nucleotides in the effluent reflects that found in the
      secretory granules, confirming previous observations that insulin release is
      occurring by exocytosis.

PMID- 163733
TI  - Evidence that the pars intermedia and pars nervosa of the pituitary do not
      secrete functionally significant quantities of ACTH.
AB  - We have compared the capacity to secrete ACTH in response to stress or
      adrenalectomy in control rats and in those with total hypophysectomy (H),
      adenohypophysectomy (AH) with preservation of the intermediate and the neural
      lobes, neurohypophysectomy (NH) with removal of the pars nervosa and all or part
      of the pars intermedia with preservation of the adenohypophysis, or incomplete
      adenohypophysectomy (IAH) in which a portion of the adenohypophysis and all of
      the pars intermedia and pars nervosa were left intact. Plasma ACTH measured with
      an N-terminal antibody that reacts on an equimolar basis with ACTH and alpha-MSH
      but not with other known pituitary hormones was elevated after ether or
      tourniquet stress in all except the H group. Three weeks after adrenalectomy
      there was an elevated basal plasma ACTH and an augmented ACTH response to stress
      in intact and IAH but not in AH rats. When a more specific alpha11-24 ACTH
      antibody was used there was a high plasma ACTH after ether stress in the IAH, NH,
      and intact groups but not in the AH or H groups. Adrenal weight and plasma
      corticosterone after tourniquet or ether stress were indistinguishable in the AH
      and H groups and were much higher and nearly identical in the intact, NH and IAH
      groups. We conclude that only the adenohypophysis secretes functionally
      significant amounts of ACTH. Plasma ACTH detected by the N-terminal antibody in
      the AH group is probably related to alpha-MSH or similar peptides and is
      incapable of maintaining adrenal weight or stimulating corticosterone secretion.

PMID- 163732
TI  - Genetic studies on the mechanism of action of aldosterone in mice.
AB  - Aldosterone reduced the urinary sodium:creatinine ratio and increased the
      potassium:creatinine ratio in a CBA strain of mice. In the Peru strain, under the
      same conditions, aldosterone had no detectable effect on the sodium:creatinine
      ratio but had an even more marked effect on the potassium:creatinine ratio. Thus,
      the effect of aldosterone on potassium excretion is separable from and is not
      simply a secondary consequence of the effect on sodium retention. Specific
      binding of 3H-aldosterone to kidney was reduced in Peru mice compared to CBA.
      However the correlation between 3H-aldosterone binding and physiological effect
      of the hormone on sodium excretion disappeared totally in a second generation
      cross between the strains. A possible explanation is that the nuclear binding of
      3H-aldosterone as measured here was heterogeneous. In this same second generation
      cross, the ratio of bound nuclear 3H-aldosterone extracted by low-ionic strength
      Tris, to the residue of nuclear 3H-aldosterone resistant to extraction by 0.4M
      KCl, was strongly correlated to the ratio of the effect of aldosterone on
      potassium excretion to that on sodium excretion. Thus in these experiments the
      type of nuclear binding was correlated to the type of physiological effect. These
      results imply that the specific binding of aldosterone to renal tissue was, in
      some way at least, related to the mechanism of action of the hormone; and that
      the heterogeneity of this binding had functional significance in terms of the
      separable effects of aldosterone on renal sodium retention and potassium
      excretion in these two strains of mice.

PMID- 163734
TI  - The hypercalcemic effect of parathyroid hormone and skeletal cyclic AMP.
AB  - The effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone mineral mobilization are thought
      to involve the second messenger cyclic AMP. Intravenous administration of 10 U
      PTH induced rapid and marked accumulation of cyclic AMP in calvaria and plasma of
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats. The changes in cyclic AMP concentrations were not
      sustained, but returned to near-baseline values before the rise in plasma calcium
      concentration was manifest. Changes in the plasma levels of calcium and cyclic
      AMP in response to PTH infusion were demonstrated in thyroparathyroidectomized
      rats who were nephrectomized as well. In a series of experiments to clarify the
      association of cyclic AMP accumulation and calcium mobilization, it was found
      that small doses of PTH induced significant elevation of plasma calcium without
      stimulating an accumulation of cyclic AMP in calvaria, or plasma. Furthermore, in
      intact rats plasma calcium levels were elevated by endogenous PTH, provoked by
      EGTA induced hypocalcemia, without any demonstrable change of cyclic AMP
      metabolism in the skeletal tissue. At a higher dose of PTH, the magnitude of the
      integrated change of cyclic AMP metabolism in the skeletal tissue was well
      correlated to the amount of calcium mobilized. These observations indicate a
      coupling between enhanced production of cyclic AMP and calcium mobilization in
      the action of PTH on bone. They also suggest that either a minute change in
      cyclic AMP accumulation, which can not be detected due to a high basal level of
      this nucleotide in the tissue, or a change in metabolism of cyclic AMP in some
      particular cell compartment is an early event in PTH-induced calcium
      mobilization.

PMID- 163735
TI  - Changes of endocrine properties of a transplantable, multihormonal, pituitary
      tumor (MtT-F4) after hypophysectomy of host rats.
AB  - The transplantable rat pituitary tumor MtT-F4 failed to grow in rats
      hypophysectomized at the time of transplantation, but did grow in thyroxine
      treated hypophysectomized rats. In the latter rats, the tumor did not stimulate
      the adrenals to the same extent as in control rats. When the tumor did not
      stimulate the adrenals to the same extent as in control rats. When the tumor
      cells were isolated and incubated in vitro, those from hypophysectomized
      thyroxine-treated rats released much less ACTH into the incubation medium than
      the tumor cells from control rats. They also released significantly less growth
      hormone than tumor cells from intact, intact thyroxine-treated, and
      thyroidectomized thyroxine-treated rats. Prolactin release by the isolated tumor
      cells in vitro was the same in all groups studied. The results suggest that the
      hypophysectomy and thyroxine treatment of the host rat might selectively
      influence the production of hormones by the MtT-F4 transplantable rat pituitary
      tumor.

PMID- 163736
TI  - Effect of lithium on catecholamine-induced antidiuresis and cyclic AMP in dog
      kidneys.
AB  - Patients treated with lithium salt have an inability to concentrate urine,
      possible due to the inhibition of the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin. Since
      beta adrenergic stimulation also induces antidiuresis, a possible effect of
      lithium on the catecholamine-induced antidiuresis was investigated in dog
      kidneys. The urinary concentrating ability induced by the iv injection of
      isoproterenol 0.1 mug/kg was markedly inhibited in the lithium-treated animals
      (plasma lithium 1.13 plus or minus 0.10 mM). The increase of cyclic AMP
      concentration by 1 muM isoproterenol was also significantly less in the renal
      medullary slices obtained from the lithium-treated animals than in those obtained
      from the control animals. These findings suggest that the inability to
      concentrate urine in the patients treated with lithium salt is probably due to
      the inhibition of the antidiuretic effect of catecholamine as well as that of
      vasopressin; and the inhibitory mechanism of lithium on the catecholamine-induced
      antidiuresis is possibly through the inhibition of the catecholamine-dependent
      cycle AMP system in renal medulla.

PMID- 163737
TI  - 3H-estradiol distribution in female, androgenized female, and male rats at 100
      and 200 days of age.
AB  - Tissue distribution of radioactivity was studied 48 h after gonadectomy and 1 h
      after iv injection of 3H-estradiol (1 mug/kg body wt) in 100- and 200-day-old
      normal female rats, female rats androgenized with 30, 100 or 1250 mug
      testosterone propionate (TP) at 5 days of age, and male rats. Receptor-mediated
      uptake of estradiol, as shown by diethylstilbestrol (DES) competition, was
      highest in preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH) and median eminence-basal
      hypothalamus (ME-BH), but also occurred in dorsal hypothalamus, pre-hypothalamic
      area, amygdala and septum in all groups. At 100 days of age there were no
      differences in brain radioactivity levels between females and androgenized
      females or males. At 200 days of age radioactivity levels in POA-AH and ME-BH
      tended to be lower in androgenized female and male rats than in normal females.
      Also, radioactivity levels in the amygdala were lower in the 1250 mug TP-treated
      females than in normal females. When expressed per unit fresh weight, uptake in
      the anterior pituitary tended to be lower in androgenized rats at 100 days of age
      and was higher in males at 200 days of age than in normal females, but did not
      differ among any of the groups when expressed as uptake per organ. Thus, the well
      known differences among these groups in neural regulation of gonadotropin
      secretion and sex behavior were not correlated with consistent differences in
      specific estradiol binding by hypothalamic or other brain areas or pituitary. The
      uterus took up less estradiol in androgenized females than in control females at
      both ages. Estradiol receptor activity was demonstrated in kidney of all animals
      and in seminal vesicles. At both ages radioactivity levels in the toluene and
      ethanol extracts of lever and kidney were strikingly higher in males than in the
      female groups. Reviewing the data, it appears that despite some evidence of
      differences between groups, males, females and androgenized females all have
      relatively similar limited-capacity, estradiol-uptake systems in brain and
      pituitary, as measured under the conditions of the present study.

PMID- 163738
TI  - Inhibition by iodide of the activation of the thyroid cyclic 3',5'-AMP system.
AB  - The action of iodide on the cyclic AMP system of dog thyroid slices has been
      studied. Iodide inhibits the enhancement of cyclic AMP accumulation in the
      presence of TSH. Such an effect is also observed in horse, beef and sheep thyroid
      slices, but not in dog kidney slices stimulated by parathyroid hormone or in rat
      parotid slices stimulated by isoproterenol. The effect in dog thyroid slices is
      suppressed by 1mM NaClO4, 1mM methimazole and 1mM propylthiouracil. Similar data
      have been obtained for prostaglandin E1 stimulation. Effects of thyrotropin
      mediated by cyclic AMP, i.e., activation of iodothyronine secretion, 1-14C
      glucose oxidation, and lactate formation, were also inhibited by iodide but not
      by iodide and methimazole. Similar activations when caused by dbcAMP were not
      inhibited by iodide. The data suggest a model in which an intracellular agent
      resulting from the oxidation of iodide acts on the thyroid cyclic AMP system.

PMID- 163739
TI  - A short method for the isolation of somatotrophs from the rat pituitary gland.
AB  - Application of a density gradient centrifugation procedure for the isolation of
      somatotrophs from dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells is described. Two
      sequential discontinuous gradients of bovine serum albumin are used to enrich the
      somatotroph population from a frequency of 38% in the initial cell suspension to
      a final purity of 85%. The isolated somatotrophs retain both histochemical and
      ultrastructural integrity throughout the isolation procedure. The isolated
      somatotrophs also release immunoassayable growth hormone when incubated with 6 mM
      dibutyryl 3',5'-cyclic AMP. The method offers the advantages of being both simple
      and short.

PMID- 163740
TI  - Stimulation of the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in rat thymocytes by L
      triiodothyronine: a comparison with insulin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
AB  - L-Triiodothyronine in vitro increased the uptake of the non-metabolizable amino
      acid, alpha-aminoisobutyrate, into isolated rat thymocytes. This effect was
      evident at extracellular free hormone concentrations of 10-7 to 5 times 10-8M and
      was due to a marked inhibition of amino acid efflux. In contrast, insulin and
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP, which also increased uptake in these cells, acted to
      stimulate amino acid influx. When L-triiodothyronine was added to maximally
      effective concentrations of either insulin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, the resultant
      effect was the sum of the effect of each hormone added individually. These
      studies extended previous observations which indicate that thyroid hormones
      stimulate the cellular uptake of amino acids, and they provide a convenient
      system for the study of thyroid hormone action in vitro.

PMID- 163741
TI  - The conformation of adenosine diphosphoribose and 8-bromoadenosine
      diphosphoribose when bound to liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - 8-Bromo-adenosine diphosphoribose (br8 ADP-Rib) and nicotinamide 8-bromoadenine
      dinucleotide (Nbr8AD+) which are analogues of the coenzyme NAD+, were prepared
      and their liver alcohol dehydrogenase complexes studied by crystallographic
      methods. Nbr8AD+ is active in alcohol dehydrogenase complexes studied by
      crystallographic methods. Nbr8AD+ is active in hydrogen transport and br8ADP-Rib
      is a coenzyme competitive inhibitor for the enzymes liver alcohol dehydrogenase
      and yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. X-ray data were obtained for the complex between
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase and br8ADP-Rib to 0.45 nm resolution and for the
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase-adenosine diphosphoribose complex to 0.29-nm
      resolution. The conformations of these analogues were determined from the X-ray
      data. It was found that ADP-Rib had a conformation very similar to the
      corresponding part of NAD+, when NAD+ is bound to lactate and malate
      dehydrogenase. br8ADP-Rib had the same anti conformation of the adenine ring with
      respect to the ribose as ADP-Rib and NAD+, in contrast to the syn conformation
      found in 8-bromo-adenosine. The overcrowding at the 8-position is relieved in
      br8ADP-Rib by having the ribose in the 2' endo condormation instead of the usual
      3' endo as in ADP-Rib and NAD+.

PMID- 163742
TI  - Effects of fasting on the control of fatty-acid synthesis in hepatoma 7777 and
      host liver. Role of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA,, the mitochondrial citrate
      transporter and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.
AB  - The effects of fasting on the rate of fatty acid synthesis, the properties of the
      mitochondrial citrate transporter and on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity were
      investigated in "poorly-differentiated" tmorris hepatoma 7777 and in host liver
      preparations. The properties of the citrate transporter from hepatoma
      mitochondria were similar to those of host liver mitochondria, with the exception
      that the Km for the liver mitochondrial citrate transporter was 248 plus or minus
      20 mu M while that in hepatoma mitochondria was less than 75 mu M. The acid
      insoluble CoA content was 180 plus or minus 20 pmol/mg protein in the hepatoma
      and remained essentially unchanged in the fasted state, while the acid-insoluble
      CoA levels in livers from fed rats was 720 plus or minus 80 pmol/mg protein and
      were increased to 1050 plus or minus 50 pmol/mg protein during fasting. After a
      36-h fast, the rate of lipogenesis and the percentage of pyruvate dehydrogenase
      present in the active form were each decreased by approximately 80% in host liver
      preparations. In contrast, the rate of lipogenesis by hepatoma slices did not
      decrease during fasting, and essentially all pyruvate dehydrogenase present was
      in the active form of hepatomas obtained from either fed or fasted animals.
      Implications concerning the identification of possible regulatory sites in the
      control of lipogenesis were discussed in relation to the above observations.

PMID- 163743
TI  - Thalamo-cortical projections for recruiting responses and spindling-like
      responses in the parietal cortex.
AB  - 1. The thalamic neurones sending their axons to the parietal association cortex
      (middle suprasylvian gyrus) and receiving monosynaptic excitation from the
      cerebellar (interpositus or lateral) nucleus were recorded with microelectrodes
      extracellularly and intracellularly around the anterior ventral (VA) nucleus of
      the thalamus in cats. Such thalamic neurones are known to carry exclusively the
      impulses responsible for superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) responses in the
      parietal cortex, being called superficial T-C neurones (see Sasaki et al., 1972a,
      b). 2. Repetitive (6--9/sec) stimulation of the centrum medianum-parafascicular
      complex (CM) or the intralaminar nuclei (IL) of the thalamus elicited grouped
      spike discharges of the neurone in synchronization with the recruiting responses
      in the parietal cortex. The grouped discharges usually preceded the respective
      cortical responses by several milliseconds. Numbers of the spikes in the grouped
      discharges increased and decreased as the recruiting responses waxed and waned on
      the repetitive stimulation. 3. The superficial T-C neurones also showed similar
      grouped discharges in synchronization with spindling-like, surface-negative
      cortical responses which occurred spontaneously or were evoked by single thalamic
      stimulation. 4. It was concluded that the superficial T-C neurons can convey
      impulses for recruiting responses and spindling-like responses from the thalamus
      directly to the cerebral cortex. They are supposed to constitute the final T-C
      pathway of the neuronal circuits of the recruiting system, i.e., non-specific T-C
      projection system.

PMID- 163744
TI  - Cyclic AMP in cerebrospinal fluid: accumulaiton following probenecid and biogenic
      amines.

PMID- 163745
TI  - Effect of acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine on the
      incorporation on 32P into phospholipids of the snail brain.

PMID- 163746
TI  - Detection of arylhydroxylamines as intermediates in the metabolic reduction of
      nitro compounds.

PMID- 163747
TI  - Release of hydroxyproline from rat hearts perfused with collagenase.

PMID- 163748
TI  - Further studies on the metabolism of tryptophan in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense:
      cofactors, inhibitors, and end-products.

PMID- 163749
TI  - Inhibition of growth and respiration of yeast (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis) by
      tobacco smoke condensate and its fraction.

PMID- 163750
TI  - Arousal as a cyclic phenomenon during sleep and hibernation in the hedgehog
      (Erinaceus europeanus).

PMID- 163751
TI  - Potentiation of the effect of histamine by PGE2 in the isolated perfused rabbit
      kidney and guinea-pig lung.

PMID- 163752
TI  - [Virus-like inclusion in basal cell carcinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 163754
TI  - Agglutinins of frog eggs: a new class of proteins causing preferential
      agglutination of tumor cells.

PMID- 163753
TI  - Cytoplasmic DNA of hepatoma tumor cells studied by 3H-actinomycin D binding.

PMID- 163755
TI  - Ultrastructure of cytoplasmic hemosiderin inclusion bodies in malignant
      phagocytic lymphocytes.

PMID- 163756
TI  - Absence of a circadian rhythm of corticosterone secretion in monolayer cultures
      of adult rat adrenocortical cells.

PMID- 163757
TI  - An electron microscopic study of liver in hepatomegaly presumably caused by
      amebiasis.

PMID- 163758
TI  - Transformation of alveolar type 2 cells to type 1 cells following exposure to
      NO2.

PMID- 163759
TI  - Monocyte migration across pulmonary membranes in mice infected with
      cytomegalovirus.

PMID- 163760
TI  - Lysosome-vacuolar system reactivity during early cell regeneration.

PMID- 163761
TI  - Chlorphentermine-induced lipidosislike ultrastructural alterations in testicular
      Leydig and Sertoli cells.

PMID- 163762
TI  - Arterial enzymes and their relation to atherosclerosis in pigeons.

PMID- 163763
TI  - Solubilization of a prostaglandin F2alpha receptor in bovine corpora lutea.

PMID- 163764
TI  - Superoxide dismutase in some obligately anaerobic bacteria.

PMID- 163765
TI  - In vitro binding of the estrogen receptor to DNA: absence of saturation at
      equilibrium.

PMID- 163766
TI  - Peroxidase activity of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase in the presence of beta
      NAD+ and hydrogen peroxide.

PMID- 163767
TI  - Control of muscle phosphorylase phosphatase by phosphorylase kinase.

PMID- 163768
TI  - Cell-free synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins: translation of
      membrane-bound polyribosomal mRNAs.

PMID- 163769
TI  - Effect of Ca-2+ on the stability of the protein activator of cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 163770
TI  - Hormonal regulation of hepatic P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) during
      development.
AB  - Hepatic gluconeogenesis in the rat does not begin until birth. The enzyme P
      enolpyruvate carboxykinase appears initially at birth and is the final enzyme in
      the gluconeogenic sequence to develop. The appearance of this enzyme in the
      cytosol of rat liver is caused by the stimulation of enzyme synthesis, probably
      due directly to an increase in the hepatic concentration of cAMP. Enzyme
      degradation does not begin until 36 hours after birth. Studies with fetal rats in
      utero have shown that dibutyryl cAMP or glucagon will stimulate P-enolpyruvate
      carboxykinase synthesis and that this effect can be blocked by insulin. Insulin
      is known to depress the synthesis of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase in adult rat
      liver and in Reuber H-35 liver cells in culture. The glucocorticoids are without
      effect on the synthesis of the enzyme in fetal rat liver. Work by Girard et al.
      (J. Clin. Invest. 52: 3190, 1973) has established that the molar ratio of insulin
      to glucagon drops from 10 immediately after birth, to 1 after one hour. This is
      due to both a rise in glucagon and a fall in insulin concentrations at birth.
      These studies, together with our work on the synthesis of P-enolpyruvate
      carboxykinase, indicate that the sharp drop in the concentration of insulin may
      relieve the normal inhibition of enzyme synthesis. This would allow the initial
      stimulation of enzyme synthesis by the glucagon-mediated rise in the
      concentration of CAMP.

PMID- 163771
TI  - Impaired hormonal regulation of enzyme activity during aging.
AB  - A general feature of all aging populations is the progressively impaired ability
      to adapt to changes in the surrounding environment. Biochemical expressions of
      adaptive response include modifications in the rates of enzyme synthesis and
      degradation, as well as alterations in physiological activity. Therefore, the
      effects of aging on enzyme adaptation were surveyed in an attempt to explore
      fundamental biochemical mechanisms in the deterioration of responsiveness. The
      ability to stimulate adaptive increases in the activity of a large number of
      enzymes is impared during aging in a variety of tissues from several different
      species. The impaired capability for liver enzyme adaptation in a rigorously
      controlled colony of aging male Sprague-Dawley rats probably reflects alterations
      in hormonal control mechanisms. The present article reviews and evaluates our
      interest in understanding the effects of aging on regulation of liver enzyme
      activity by the hormones, insulin and corticosterone. Specific areas currently
      under investigation include: (1) the regulation of their concentrations in blood;
      (2) the integrity of their receptor systems in liver; and (3) effectiveness of
      the endogenous hormone pools fromthe viewpoints fothe availability of
      physiological antagonists and the potential for alterations in molecular
      structure.

PMID- 163772
TI  - Age-related changes in glucocorticoid binding by rat splenic leukocytes: possible
      cause of altered adaptive responsiveness.
AB  - Splenic leukocytes of senescent rats (24-26 mo) exhibit a 60% reduction in
      cortisol-induced inhibition of 3-H-uridine uptake when compared to mature adult
      animals (12-14 mo). The degree of inhibition is directly proportional to cortisol
      dosage up to 2 X 10-6 M. Specific binding of physiological (nanomolar)
      concentrations of 3-H-cortisol by leukocytic cytosol macromolecules is reduced by
      over 40% in the older animals. Moreover, Scatchard analyses reveal 60% fewer
      specific glucocorticoid binding sites in the cytosols of cells from the senescent
      rats. Such analyses were performed in vitro at 0 C to eliminate metabolism of
      steroids. In addition, 3-H-dexamethasone was used instead of 3-H-cortisol to
      eliminate binding to plasma (or serum) transcortin. Inhibition of 3-H-uridine
      uptake requires specific glucocorticoid binding. The degree of inhibition at
      varying glucocorticoid dosages is proportional to the amount of specific binding
      to cytoplasmic macromolecules. Thus, age-related reduction in specific
      glucocorticoid binding sites may be at least partially responsible for altered
      responsiveness of splenic leukocytes to these hormones.

PMID- 163773
TI  - Impotence in patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis: its frequency and
      etiology.
AB  - Fourteen patients with chronic renal failure and on a hemodialysis program
      underwent neurologic, psychiatric, and endocrine studies to determine the
      frequency and etiology of impotence in uremics. The data suggest that impotence
      is more frequent in the chronic dialysis group than in the general population.
      All seven of the impotent men were found to have prolonged nerve conduct on
      velocity and absent bulbocavernosus reflexes. Several of the impotent men also
      had clinical depression and low plasma testosterone levels. Neuropathy may be a
      significant factor in the pathogenesis of impotence in the uremic, but the
      importance of both psychiatric and endocrine influences must be strongly
      considered.

PMID- 163774
TI  - Mitochondrial formation in the developing flight muscles of the Colorado beetle.

PMID- 163775
TI  - Notochordal stimulation of in vitro somite chondrogenesis before and after
      enzymatic removal of perinotochordal materials.

PMID- 163776
TI  - Cell membrane changes in chronically diabetic rats.
AB  - We have examined the effect of chronic diabetes mellitus upon cell membrane
      composition and turnover in streptozotocin-treated rats and control animals
      maintained for four to eight weeks. Liver plasma membranes, prepared from
      diabetic animals, showed enhanced activities of alkaline phosphatase and glucose
      6-phosphatase and depressed 5'-nucleotidase when compared with controls. Studies
      of the nonprotein constituents of liver plasma membranes and red cell "ghosts"
      showed similar changes in both tissues: sialic acid and cholesterol content were
      reduced in the membranes of diabetic animals, while phospholipids (total and
      individual classes) and neutral sugars were unchanged. To look for changes in
      relative turnover rates of individual membrane proteins, we combined a double
      label in-vivo technic using [3H] and [14C] leucine with polyacrylamide gel
      separation of membrane proteins. No significant differences were observed between
      control and diabetic animals. In chronically diabetic animals, cell membranes may
      show significant changes in overall composition with no significant changes in
      the rate of protein turnover.

PMID- 163777
TI  - Intestinal metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins.

PMID- 163778
TI  - Intravenous pentagastrin as a partial agonist of gastric secretion in man:
      evidence in favor of the existence of hormonal inhibitory sites.
AB  - The gastric secretory response to prompt intravenous injection of pentagastrin
      was investigated in 3 normal subjects and 3 patients with duodenal ulcer. The
      highest responses to pentagastrin and histamine were correlated. Intravenous
      pentagastrin in a dose of 0,5 mug per kg could thus achieve the same extent of
      discrimination between individuals with a 10-fold economy in dosage over
      subcutaneous pentagastrin. Sensitivity to pentagastrin, expressed in the D50, was
      higher in patients with duodenal ulcer. Unexpectedly, the highest response to
      intravenous pentagastrin was only 40% of the peak response to subcutaneous
      histamine. Accordingly, intravenous pentagastrin acted as a partial agonist with
      an efficacy of about 0.4. The effect of prompt injection of pentagastrin
      contrasted with the effect of slow intravenous infusion of pentagastrin, as well
      as with the effects of gastrin-17 given by either prompt injection or slow
      infusion. A model is proposed to account for these and related findings in other
      species. The secretory receptor for gastrin and its analogues is viewed as
      consisting of two sites: a high affinity stimulatory site and a low affinity
      inhibitory site. Partial agonism after prompt intravenous injection would result
      from blood and tissue transients which are successively too high (partially
      inhibitory) and low (stimulatory). The disparate effects of analogues and the
      differences between species would be determined by the relative affinities of the
      two sites. The overflow of stimulant into inhibitory sites would account for the
      reversal of response at high doses observed in numerous studies.

PMID- 163779
TI  - In vitro interactions of gastrointestinal hormones on cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate levels and amylase output in the rat pancreas.
AB  - Four-fold increases in cyclic AMP levels were observed 5 to 10 min after rat
      pancreatic fragments were incubated with 10-7 M secretin or 10-6 M vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide (VIP), in addition to 10 mM theophylline. From dose
      response curves it appears that, on a molar basis, the potency of secretin was 20
      times higher than that of VIP. It is concluded that cyclic AMP is probably the
      intracellular messenger of both secretin and VIP in centroacinar cells.
      Pancreozymin, caerulein, and the C-terminal octapeptide of pancreozymin inhibited
      the production of cyclic AMP observed with secretin of VIP, suggesting that the
      first three peptides were acting at a binding site different from the agonists,
      but coupled with the same adenylate cyclase. In acinar cells, secretin was able
      to exert slight ecbolic effects, and was also able to potentiate the effect of
      maximal concentrations of pancreozymin, caerulein, or the C-terminal octapeptide
      of pancreozymin. There was no simple correlation between amylase output and
      cyclic AMP levels, and copious amylase secretion was elicited even at control
      levels of cyclic AMP. Glucagon was neither an agonist nor an antagonist of any of
      the other polypeptides tested.

PMID- 163780
TI  - Relationship of serum alpha-fetoprotein to the severity and duration of illness
      in patients with viral hepatitis.
AB  - Using a radioimmunoassay which detect concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein as low
      as 5 ng per ml, 38% of 176 patients with viral hepatitis compared with health
      volunteers and patients with chronic diseases not affecting the liver. When
      separated into two groups based on histological classification of liver biopsy
      specimens, differences in the degree and frequency of increased serum alpha
      fetoprotein were related to the severity of the hepatic lesion. Of 75 patients
      with the lesion of viral subacute hepatic necrosis, in which zones of necrosis
      bridge adjacent portal triads or central veins, 52% had increased values, and 12%
      had levels ranging from 500 to 3300 ng per ml. In contrast, only 28% of the 101
      patients without bridging necrosis had increased values, and none had levels that
      exceeded 500 ng per ml. In the patients with subacute hepatic necrosis,
      comparison of alpha-fetoprotein concentrations with the duration of illness
      indicated that the protein rose to peak levels in serum as the SGOT was
      declining. This was confirmed by serial observations in 10 patients. Thus, the
      increase of alpha-fetoprotein in the sera of patients with severe hepatitis
      occurs as liver necrosis is subsiding. Due to other known features of alpha
      fetoprotein, it is intriguing to speculate that the increase in serum levels of
      this protein in viral hepatitis reflects hepatic regeneration after parenchymal
      damage.

PMID- 163781
TI  - The hidden faces of alcoholism.
AB  - In view of the fact that 70 percent of Americans drink regularly, it is important
      to keep in mind that alcohol is a potent pharmacologic agent that can cause a
      variety of emotional and physical signs and symptoms. Physician awareness is the
      name of the game. Better health for patients is the reward.

PMID- 163782
TI  - Collagenase therapy for decubitus ulcers.

PMID- 163783
TI  - Induction of nutritional mutants of Micrococcus glutamicus and their amino acid
      accumulation.
AB  - Micrococcus glutamicus ATCC 13032, a glutamic acid-producing organism, was
      treated with 0.2M ethylmethane sulfonate, the auxotrophs isolated showing varied
      patterns of extracellular amino acids. Eighty auxotrophic strains were obtained,
      out of which 31 excreted 1.0-4.0 mg threonine per ml and all the auxotrophs
      required biotin for growth and production of the amino acid. Eleven auxotrophs
      produced 1.5 to 3.0 mg alanine per ml and these auxotrophs required amino acids
      for their growth. Other auxotrophs lost their excretion capacity in subsequent
      fermentation trials. Further mutation of the biotin-requiring auxotroph
      Micrococcus glutamicus EM with gamma rays resulted in the isolation of 89
      auxotrophic strains, out of which 28 excreted threonine (up to 5.0 mg per ml)
      higher than the parent auxotroph. Exposure to X-rays yielded 97 auxotrophs, out
      of these 35 producing 1.0-3.0 mg methionine per ml and requiring biotin for
      growth and production of the amino acid. Other auxotrophs produced alanine (0.5
      to 2.0 mg per ml) and threonine (2.0 to 3.3 mg per ml). Irradiation with gamma
      rays favoured the development of threonine producing auxotrophs while X-rays
      favoured methionine-producing auxotrophs.

PMID- 163784
TI  - Signal transmission of statocyst information in the central nervous system of the
      molluscs Helix and Aplysia.

PMID- 163785
TI  - Administrative reviews: social services.

PMID- 163786
TI  - Effect of cyclic nucleotides on DNA synthesis in mouse lymphoid cells.
AB  - The effect of eight cyclic purine and cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides on DNA
      synthesis on mouse lymphoid cells was investigated. Two out of eight compounds
      tested, namely 2', 3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (2', 3'-cGMP) as well as 3',
      5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (3', 5'-cGMP), stimulate thymidine
      incorporation in all types of lymphocytes tested. The stimulatory activity of the
      cyclic guanosine nucleotides as well as the effects of lectins could be
      antagonized by 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3', 5'-cAMP). 2', 3'-cGMP
      seems to stimulate preferentially mature T-cells while 3', 5'-cGMP preferentially
      acts on B-cells.

PMID- 163787
TI  - The antagonistic action of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP on proliferation of B and T
      lymphocytes.
AB  - The effect of c-AMP, c-GMP and both substances together on (3H)-thymidine
      incorporation into nuclear DNA was investigated using spleen cells of normal and
      athymic nude mice. c-GMP induces DNA synthesis in both normal and nude spleen
      cell populations. c-AMP inhibited the stimulatory activity of c-GMP as well as
      the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response of spleen
      cells. The inhibitory activity of c-AMP on the PHA and LPS responses can be
      reversed by c-GMP. The possible role of cyclic nucleotides in the regulation of
      cell proliferation and of the immune response is discussed.

PMID- 163788
TI  - Stimulation of human lymphocytes by Herpes simplex virus antigens.
AB  - Lymphocytes from individuals with laboratory evidence of prior infection with
      herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or type 2 demonstrated transformation (av
      antigens. Higher stimulation indexes were obtained when lymphocytes were
      incubated with the homologous as compared with the heterologous antigen. Higher
      mean lymphocyte stimulation indexes were also demonstrated in seropositive as
      compared with seronegative individuals. Lymphocytes from children with HSV-1
      stomatitis usually became responsive to HSV-1 antigen within 2 to 6 weeks after
      the onset of illness. Lymphocytes from infants with neonatal HSV-2 infection were
      stimulated by HSV-2 antigen.

PMID- 163789
TI  - Characterization of an in vitro persistent-state measles virus infection: species
      characterization and interference in the BGM/MV cell line.
AB  - Serological methods of mixed agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence showed
      the BGM/MV cell line to possess monkey antigens. As a means of further
      characterizing the species constitution of the BGM/MV cell line, the species
      specificity of viral-induced interferon from these cells, as well as the response
      of these cells to exogenous interferons, was determined. Low titers of
      spontaneously elaborated interferon capable of protecting monkey but not mouse
      cells were detected in BGM/MV culture fluids. Interferon induced by Newcastle
      disease virus infection of BGM/MV cells was capable of conferring an antiviral
      state on monkey and, to a lesser extent, on mouse cells. Exogenous interferons of
      both homologous (BGM/MV) and heterologous sources failed to confer an antiviral
      state on BGM/MV cells. BGM/MV cells were found to be partially refractive to
      superinfection with measles virus but freely replicated mumps and vesicular
      stomatitis virus.

PMID- 163790
TI  - Antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus in infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - Altogether 171 serum specimens from 58 patients with heterophil antibody-positive
      infectious monomucleosis were studied for antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus
      (EBV). The sera were tested for fluorescent immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM gel
      precipitating (GP) and complement-fixing (CF) antibodies to EBV. All 58 patients
      had IgG and IgM antibodies to EBV. Both IgG and IgM antibodies developed rapidly;
      the IgM antibodies disappeared within 8 to 10 weeks, whereas the IgG antibodies
      remained at an almost constant level. The development of IgG antibodies was so
      rapid that a fourfold or greater rise in titers was noted only in 22% of the
      patients. Both GP and CF antibodies to EBV (crude P3HR-1 Burkitt cell antigen)
      developed slowly; the mean titers kept rising for more than 12 weeks. The micro
      GP technique seemed to be more sensitive than the CF method, because 86% of the
      patients with infectious mononucleosis had GP antibodies compared with 72% having
      CF antibodies. In patients with infectious mononucleosis, a seroconversion or
      significant rise in GP antibodies was noted in 57%, whereas only 19% had a
      similar change in CF antibodies. The most promising of these antibody assays in
      the diagnosis of recent infections was the EBV-specific IgM antibody technique,
      which enables one to make the diagnosis on the basis of only one serum specimen.
      In cases where the acute-phase serum specimen is missing, the diagnosis can be
      made later by using the GP and CF techniques.

PMID- 163791
TI  - Virus susceptibility of mouse hemopoietic cells in vitro: inhibition of
      granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells by Newcastle disease virus.
AB  - Normal mouse bone marrow cells were exposed to encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC),
      reovirus type 3 (REO3), influenza virus (FLU), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV)
      then assayed for granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells by the technique of
      colony formation in agar. Exposure to EMC, REO3, and FLU caused a slight but
      variable loss of colony-forming potential, whereas exposure to NDV caused a very
      marked loss. NDV acted directly on the cells, not indirectly through release of
      colony-inhibiting factors or destruction of colony-stimulating factor.
      Experiments with NDV inactivated by heat, ether, or ultraviolet irradiation
      indicated that colony inhibition was associated with fully infective virus, even
      though some of the inactivated preparations had retained full hemagglutinin,
      neuraminidase, or hemolytic activity.

PMID- 163792
TI  - Escherichia coli enterotoxin: stimulation of adenylate cyclase in broken-cell
      preparations.
AB  - The enterotoxin from cell-free filtrates of the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
      strain P-263 was found to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in broken-cell
      preparations from myocardial tissue. Particulate and detergent-solubilized
      fractions from cat heart were incubated with enterotoxin and assayed for
      adenylate cyclase activity. Adenylate cyclase activity was stimulated by
      enterotoxin; the extent of stimulation was proportional to the concentration of
      enterotoxin. The data demonstrate that stimulation of enterotoxin-sensitive
      adenylate cyclase in this system provides a sensitive in vitro assay, either as
      an accurate measure of enterotoxin concentration or as an assay for antitoxic
      titers in sera. A parallel comparison showed that stimulation of fluid production
      in rabbit intestinal loops by enterotoxin was less sensitive.

PMID- 163793
TI  - Naturally occurring persistent feline oncornavirus infections in the absence of
      disease.
AB  - Healthy feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-infected cats from leukemia cluster
      environments were followed for up to 23 months for development of disease and
      evidence of alteration in the hemogram. The incidence of disease development in
      FeLV-postive cats was more than fivefold higher than the incidence for FeLV
      negative cats. Ten cases of leukemia developed in 69 infected cats, whereas one
      case of leukemia occurred in 59 uninfected cats. The incidence for development of
      diseases other than leukemia was 30.4 percent for FeLV-infected cats as opposed
      to 6.8 per cent for uninfected cats. This could be a result of the
      immunosuppressive effects of FeLV. Felv-infected cats had no evidence of
      subclinical anemia. Mean packed cell volumes and total leukocyte counts were
      about the same for infected and uninfected animals. The only variation seen in
      healthy FeLV-infected cats was a decreased mean lymphocyte count. The difference
      between mean lymphocyte count for FeLV-infected and uninfected animals was
      significant at the 0.999 level. These findings suggest that the incubation period
      for feline leukemia may be very prolonged under natural conditions and that an
      increased susceptibility to unrelated infectious diseases exists during this
      period. This increased susceptibility was apparently not associated with anemia
      or depressed total leukocyte counts.

PMID- 163794
TI  - Genital herpesvirus hominis infection in mice. I. Development of an experimental
      model.
AB  - Pregnant female mice, after intravaginal inoculation with Herpesvirus hominis
      (HVH) type 2, developed vaginitis on days 5 to 7 after virus challenge, followed
      by hunching and hind limb paralysis on days 7 to 9  and death from encephalitis
      on days 9 to 11. After initial replication in the mucous membranes of the genital
      tract, virus spread to the spinal cord and ascended to involve the brain. Viremia
      or replication of H. hominis type 2 in the liver or spleen was not detected.
      Virus was cleared from vaginal secretions by days 8 to 10 after infection.
      Pregnant mice were more susceptible to the infection than nonpregnant mice. This
      experimental infection in female mice provides a model for genital herpesvirus
      infection and for herpesvirus infection and for herpesvirus encephalitis in which
      one can evaluate potentially promising antiviral chemotherapeutic agents.

PMID- 163795
TI  - Response of irradiated mice to live-virus (TC-83) immunization.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine the effects of sublethal, acute, total-body
      irradiation (600 R) on the immune response of mice to a replicating antigen.
      Irradiation was performed at varying times (0 to 21 days) prior to immunization
      with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, TC-83. Development of
      protective immunity was studied by inoculating subgroups of irradiated mice with
      virulent Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus on days 1 through 28 after
      immunization. Irradiation failed to affect the overt clinical response of mice
      inoculated with the attenuated strain, but antibody responses and the onset of
      protective immunity was delayed, particularly in mice irradiated 2 h to 3 days
      prior to vaccination. Immunity afforded by TC-83 developed more rapidly as the
      interval between irradiation and vaccination increased: when this interval was 14
      or more days, the temporal course of immune response in irradiated mice was
      similar to that of nonirradiated vaccines. Persistence of TC-83 viremia was
      greatly prolonged in irradiated mice through the irradiation recovery period and
      probably provided the antigenic stimulus responsible for delayed development of
      effective immunity.

PMID- 163796
TI  - Defense mechanisms against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus: inhibition of
      virus infection by murine macrophages.
AB  - An in vitro method is described to measure the inhibitory activity of murine
      peritoneal exudate cells against viral plaque formation by a bovine herpes-virus
      infectious bovin'e rhinotracheitis virus. Microtiter plates containing 96 bovine
      kidney cell monolayers were infected with a range of virus concentration and
      peritoneal exudate cells were subsequently added. When a sufficient number of
      cells was added, viral plaques were not detectable and free infectious virus did
      not occur in the culture fluids. The inhibitory cell type adhered to glass and
      was presumably a macrohage. Although inhibitory of viral plaques was presumably a
      macrophage. Although inhibition of viral plaques was complete and free virus
      could not be detected, virus was not eliminated from the monolayers since on
      removal of cells, the degree of virus cytopathology and yield of virus after a
      further 48 h of incubation was the same as in 48-h infected control monolayers.
      The significance of peritoneal exudate-cells-induced virus suppression as a model
      to understand herpesvirus latency is briefly discussed.?Author

PMID- 163797
TI  - Analysis of unidirectional fluxes of sodium during diarrhea induced by
      Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in the rat terminal ileum.
AB  - Net intestinal transport of sodium in vivo, in control and enterotoxin
      (Clostridium perfringens)-treated rats, was resolved into two unidirectional
      fluxes, influx from and efflux into the lumen of the terminal ileum. In rats
      treated with the toxin, sodium influx remained similar to control values even
      during fluid and electrolyte loss to the lumen. Net loss of sodium was shown to
      be due to nearly a twofold increase in sodium efflux to the lumen in toxin
      treated animals. There was only slight histopathological damage to the mucosa,
      especially noticeable at the tips of villi.

PMID- 163798
TI  - Adenovirus-transformed cells restrict Herpes simplex virus replication.
AB  - A cell line that normally supports the replication of herpes simplex virus types
      1 and 2 became resistant to these viruses after transformation by simian
      adenovirus 7. Kinetic studies of the mechanism of resistance demonstrated that
      both herpesviruses were able to attach to the transformed cells and express some
      early genomic functions, as demonstrated by the presence of low levels of viral
      thymidine kinase. However, isopycnic centrifugation studies of the abortive
      system failed to detect viral deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, whereas indirect
      immunofluorescent studies of viral proteins revealed that less than 10 per cent
      of the cells contained these viral macromolecules at any given time. Collectively
      the data suggest that after transformation by simian adenovirus 7 these cells are
      altered so as to render them resistant or incapable of supporting the growth of
      herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. The results further suggest that the block
      occurs after viral absorption and prior to viral deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.

PMID- 163801
TI  - Effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae on poliovirus replication.
AB  - Results are presented which indicate that different species of mycoplasma may
      have varying effects on the replication of different viral types.

PMID- 163799
TI  - Enterotoxin formation by different toxigenic types of Clostridium perfringens.
AB  - Sixty-nine strains of Clostridium perfringens of different toxigenic types were
      investigated for enterotoxin production. Enterotoxin was definitively detected
      only in strains of types A and C. This is the first report where enterotoxin
      production has been demonstrated in a toxigenic type other than type A. The
      exterotoxin-positive type C strains were isolated from cases of enteritis
      necroticans ("pig bel+) in New Guinea. The major enterotoxin from type C showed a
      reaction of complete identity with enterotoxin from type A in immunodiffusion
      using anti-enterotoxin serum prepared against the latter; it induced erythema
      when injected intradermally into depilated guinea pigs and caused fluid
      accumulation in the rabbit ileal loop.  The results indicate that the major
      enterotoxin from type C was serologically and biologically similar to enterotoxin
      from type A. In some C was serologically and biologically similar to enterotoxin
      from type A. In some type C strains, an enterotoxin was detected that showed a
      reaction of partial serological identity. Spore coat proteins were extracted from
      14-strains by alkaline dithiothreitol, and the extracts were assayed for
      enterotoxin-like spore protein. Enterotoxin could be extracted from type A and
      type C spores, and all positive strains showed a reaction of complete identity in
      immunodiffusion with enterotoxin obtained from cell extracts of type A. Disc
      immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that two distinct components that reacted
      serologically with anti-enterotoxin serum were present in both the cell extract
      and in extracted spore protein from one type C strain. These distinct components
      differed in molecular weight.

PMID- 163800
TI  - Effect of immunosuppression on the genetic resistance of A2G mice to
      neurovirulent influenza virus.
AB  - A2G mice are genetically resistant to lethal infection with neurotropic and
      pneumotropic influenza viruses. A possible immunological explanation for this
      resistance was sought by assessing the effect of cyclophosphamide and X
      irradiation immunosuppression on the infection of A2G mice with lethal doses of
      neurovirulent virus. Immunosuppressed A2G mice survived lethal infection enen
      though rendered unable to produce specific antiviral antibody or to generate cell
      mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. Measurement of infectious virus
      replication and detailed observation of the infection by immunofluorescence
      microscopy show that immunosuppression does not potentiate or allow spread of the
      virus in A2G brains. Interferon levels were essentially the same in normal and
      immunosuppressed A2G brains but were 3 to 5 times lower than in the brains of
      susceptible mice dying of the infection. The results strongly suggest that the
      genetic resistance of A2G mice to the acute lethal effects of neurovirulent
      influenza virus infection does not depend on the induction of primary immune
      mechanisms as we currently understand them. Other possible explanations for this
      resistance are considered.

PMID- 163802
TI  - Immunological comparison of various human pregnancy-associated plasma proteins.
AB  - Direct immunodiffusion comparison with specific antisera demonstrated that all of
      the four pregnancy-associated plasma proteins (PAPPs) described in our laboratory
      are distinct from the pregnancy zone protein (von Schoultz); alpha2
      pregnoglobulin (Berne); pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein (SP3) (Bohn);
      new serum alpha2-macroglobulin (Stimson); PAG (Horne); pregnancy-associated
      alpha2-globulin (Kasukawa); Pal (McLaren), and Xh protein (Dunston). All the
      latter proved to be immunologically idnetical to each other, and apparently
      represent the same protein described under different names. It was confirmed that
      none of the PAPPs is immunochemically related to placental alkaline phosphatase.
      PAPP-A, PAPP-C, and the pregnancy zone protein, but not HPL (PAPP-D), showed a
      decreased anodic mobility when treated with neuraminidase; their reactivities
      with antibody were essentially unaffected by the ezyme, however. Certain
      detergents had no effect on the immunological reactivities of the PAPPs and the
      pregnancy zone protein in whole plasma, while butanol and desoxycholate
      partially, and urea, SDS and cetylpyridinium largely inactivated them.

PMID- 163803
TI  - Further studies on the inheritance of responsiveness to pertussis HSF in mice.
AB  - Inheritance of responsiveness to histamine-sensitizing factor of pertussis
      bacilli (HSF) was investigated in (C3H/HeJ times C57BL/6J)F1 hybrids, backcross
      progeny of this hybrid to C57BJ/6J parent (C3H/HeJ times DBA/2J)F1 hybrids, and
      in backcross progeny of this hybrid to DBA/2J parent. It was found that
      transmission is not by virtue of a single autosomal dominant gene, as has been
      postulated. Rather, inheritance of responsiveness to HSF is far more complex,
      probably involving polygenic transmission.

PMID- 163804
TI  - The electron transport systems of Fasciola hepatica mitochondria.

PMID- 163805
TI  - Work history is vital in correct diagnosis.

PMID- 163806
TI  - The action of ionizing radiation on protein: radical formation in L-histidine
      crystals.
AB  - Radicals produced at temperatures between 77 K and 300 K by X-irradiation of L
      histidine.2HC1 crystals have been analysed by electron spin resonance
      spectroscopy. The results are compared with previous findings with L-histidine
      and L-histidine.HC1.H2O crystals. In these three crystals we have identified
      three main species, which, depending on the molecular environment, are stabilized
      at different temperatures and produced in different concentrations. These
      findings are discussed in connection with the observations made on irradiated
      aqueous solutions of amino acids. It is concluded that our results corroborate
      the mechanism for the action of ionizing radiation on dry protein proposed by
      Platzman and Franck (1958),

PMID- 163807
TI  - [New therapeutic viewpoints on ulcus molle].

PMID- 163808
TI  - Sensitivity of glucose 6-phosphatase activity to glutaraldehyde.
AB  - The effect of glutaraldehyde fixation on glucose 6-phosphatase activity in mouse
      liver was investigated. After transparenchymal perfusion with 2% glutaraldehyde
      for 1.5 minutes, the activity of the recovered enzyme was higher than those
      reported for acid phosphatase and aryl sulfatase activities after fixation under
      similar condition, and an abundant deposition of reaction product was observed in
      hepatocytes. Subsequent immersion in the same fixative solution for 30 minutes
      after 4 degrees C resulted in only a slight decrease in the activity. However,
      the activity was almost completely destroyed after 3 hours of immersion fixation
      at 4 degrees C following the perfusion. Therefore, the enzyme can be said to be
      aldehyde-sensitive when a long fixation time is used, but not aldehyde-sensitive
      during a short fixation time.

PMID- 163809
TI  - Overpopulation and extra-adrenal effects of ACTH.

PMID- 163810
TI  - Isolation of a metabolite capable of differentially supporting the growth of
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide auxotrophs of Escherichia coli.
AB  - A compound, isolated from the culture fluid of a nadC auxotroph of Escherichia
      coli grown in a minimal medium, supports the growth of both a nadA and a nadB
      mutant. This metabolite exhibits an ultraviolet light absorption spectrum and a
      mass spectrum, different from quinolinic acid. This compound may be the precursor
      of quinolinic acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenosine
      dinucleotide.

PMID- 163811
TI  - Isolation and characterization of catabolite-resistant mutants in the D-serine
      deaminase system of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Two classes of D-serine deaminase (Dsdase)-specific secondary mutants of
      Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated from a Dsdase low constitutive
      nonhyperinducible mutant as types which could grow in the presence of both D
      serine and glucose. These strains contain cis dominant, nonsuppressible mutations
      in the dsdO (operator-initiator) region. In the first class of mutants (e.g.,
      FB4010), Dsdase synthesis is completely insensitive to catabolite repression, and
      synthesis occurs at a high constitutive rate in the absence of cyclic adenosine
      5'-monophosphate. In the second class (e.g., FB4005), Dsdase synthesis is
      partially insensitive to catabolite repression, and catabolite repression is
      reversed by the addition of cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate. Dsdase synthesis
      in strain FB4005 is partially independent of the cyclic adenosine 5'
      monophosphate binding protein, as constitutive synthesis is reduced only 65%
      (relative to the cap+ strain) in strains unable to synthesize the cyclic
      adenosine 5'-monophosphate binding protein. Surprisingly, the constitutive rate
      of Dsdase synthesis is fourfold higher in all mutants of both classes than in the
      parent, indicating a close interrelationship between the sites of response to
      induction and catabolite repression.

PMID- 163812
TI  - Effect of tsl mutations in decreasing radiation sensitivity of a recA- strain of
      Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - It has been shown previously that the radiation sensitivity of lexA- strains of
      Escherichia coli K-12 can be suppressed by thermosensitive mutations (designated
      tsl) that are closely linked to the lexA locus and are thought to be intragenic
      suppressors of lexA mutations (Mount et al., 1973). When a recA mutation is
      crossed into a suppressed tsl- strain, the extreme radiation sensitivity usually
      conferred by a recA mutation is decreased, but there is no detectable change in
      genetic recombination deficiency. Increased resistance to UV in the tsl-reA
      strains depends upon ability to synthesize active uvrA+ product.

PMID- 163813
TI  - Isolation of a catabolite repression mutant of yeast as a revertant of a strain
      that is maltose negative in the respiratory-deficient state.
AB  - A character originating from Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1403-7A is described which
      interferes with maltose growth in the respiratory-deficient state. This character
      is inherited in an apparently non-Mendelian way, but at present no statement can
      be made concerning the localization of this character on a plasmid or the
      involvement of multiple genes. As a revertant of this character, a flaky mutant
      was isolated, showing a heavy flocculation during growth on liquid medium and
      resistance to catabolite repression for maltase, alpha-methyl-glucosidase,
      invertase, and succinate dehydrogenase. In wild-type cells, repression (caused by
      growth on 2% glucose) and derepression (caused by growth on 2% galactose) can be
      correlated with a lower and a higher level of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate (cAMP), respectively. In cells of flaky mutant, growth on these
      carbon sources results in the same levels of cAMP as observed for the wild type.
      Consequently, in this mutant derepression in the presence of 2% glucose is not
      reflected in a higher level of cAMP.

PMID- 163814
TI  - Control of expression of the pyr genes in Salmonella typhimurium: effects of
      variations in uridine and cytidine nucleotide pools.
AB  - The differential rate of synthesis of five of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes
      coded for by pyrB-F, and the endogenous concentrations of the individual
      pyrimidine nucleotides were determined in specially constructed mutants of
      Salmonella typhimurium. In the mutants employed the different pyrimidine
      nucleotide pools may be manipulated individually during exponential growth. The
      results obtained indicate the following. (i) The expression of pyrB, pyrE, and
      pyrF is controlled by a uridine nucleotide in a noncoordinate manner. (ii) The
      expression of pyrC and pyrD is regulated predominantly by a cytidine nucleotide.
      Under all conditions investigated, their expression seems to be coordinated, even
      though the genes are not contiguous on the chromosome. (iii) The low-molecular
      weight effectors involved in controlling the expression of the pyr genes are
      neither uridine 5'-monophosphate nor cytidine 5'-monophosphate, but rather the
      corresponding di- or triphosphates.

PMID- 163815
TI  - Regulatory factors affecting alpha-amylase production in bacillus licheniformis.
AB  - Possible factors regulating alpha-mylase synthesis in wild-type Bacillus
      licheniformis and in mutants producing elevated levels of the enzyme were studied
      in terms of catabolite repression, apparent temperature-sensitive repression,
      induction, and culture age. The synthesis of alpha-amylase in the parent strain
      occurred long after the culture reached the stationary phase of growth as a
      result of de novo protein synthesis, occurred only at high temperature around 50
      C and not below 45 C, appeared to be induced in the presence of oligosaccharides
      with some linkage of alpha-1,4-, beta-1,4, beta-1,6-glucosyl glucose, or alpha
      1,6-galactosyl glucose, and was repressed by the addition of exogenous glucose or
      low-molecular-weight metabolites. The addition of cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate stimulated alpha-amylase accumulation in growing cultures of the
      parent strain, but neither shortened the long lap period prior to the start of
      alpha-amylase synthesis nor mitigated the repressive effect of glucose. Mutant
      strains derived from the parent strain showed variation in the pattern of alpha
      amylase synthesis, and some of them such as F-12s and F-14 produced alpha-amylase
      constitutively and without sensitivity to catabolite repression or transient
      repression from the moment of cell growth. These results are discussed in
      relation to possible regulatory mechanisms that might account for the observed
      characteristics of alpha-amylase synthesis in this facultative thermophilic
      microorganism.

PMID- 163816
TI  - Kinectics of beta-galactosidase synthesis in Escherichia coli at 5 C.
AB  - The defect in protein synthesis that is observed in Escherichia coli after
      transfer to low temperature was studied. For the enzyme beta-galactosidase, the
      elongation reactions of transcription and translation can take place slowly but
      normally at 5 C. The time necessary to complete the coupled synthesis of the beta
      galactosidase messenger ribonucleic acid and polypeptide chain was found to be
      about 80 min at 5 C. From this result and from the known length of the beta
      galactosidase monomer, it is possible to calculate that at 5 C one amino acid is
      added to the growing polypeptide chain every 4 s. The initiation of transcription
      of the beta-galactosidase messenger is inhibited after transfer to 5 C. This fact
      alone, however, cannot account for all of the phenomena observed at 5 C, because
      a given amount of messenger yields less enzyme at 5 C than it does at 37 C.
      Furthermore, in cells induced for short periods at 37 C, the capacity to
      synthesize beta-galactosidase after transfer to 5 C was found to accumulate
      linearily with the square of the time of induction. Two alternative models could
      account for these data. If all ribosomes that initiate translation at 37 C yield
      complete beta-galactosidase polypeptide chains at 5 C, then an inhibition of
      translation initiation after transfer to 5 C must be invoked to explain the
      results. If, on the other hand, a substantial portion of the ribosomes that
      initiate translation at 37 C do not yield complete beta-galactosidase
      polypeptides at 5 C, then intracistronic polarity could account for the data, and
      there is no need to invoke an inhibition of translation initiation at 5 C.

PMID- 163817
TI  - 6-Phosphogluconate dehydratase deficiency in pleiotropic carbohydrate-negative
      mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain PAO, have been isolated that are unable
      to grow on mannitol, glucose, gluconate, or 2-ketogluconate, cut that exhibit
      wild-type growth on pyruvate, lactate, citrate, succinate, or acetate. Although
      some of these mutants were also unable to grow on glycerol, the mutations formed
      a single linkage group by quantitative transductional analysis with phage F116 on
      glucose minimal agar medium. Cell extracts of all mutant strains were either
      lacking or severely deficient in 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase activity. Glu+
      transductants derived from mutant strains that retained the wild-type ability for
      growth at the expense of glycerol also regained the ability to grow on all C-6
      compounds. Although a role for the pentose phosphate pathway in the catabolism of
      C6 substrates was not found, a functional Entner-Doudoroff pathway appears to be
      essential for the catabolism of mannitol, glucose, gluconate, and 2
      ketogluconate.

PMID- 163818
TI  - Biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in yeast: effect of carbon source on
      leucine biosynthetic enzymes.
AB  - The three enzymes in the leucine biosynthetic pathway of yeast do not exhibit
      coordinate repression and derepression in response to the carbon source available
      in the culture medium. Growth in an acetate medium results in derepression of the
      first enzyme in the pathway, alpha-isopropylmalate synthase, and repression of
      the second two enzymes, alpha-isopropylmalate isomerase and beta-isopropylmalate
      dehydrogenase, relative to the levels found in glucose-grown cells. The role of
      endogenous leucine pools as a mediator of these differences was investigated. The
      leucine pools did not differ significantly between acetate-grown and glucose
      grown cells. However, an elevated endogenous leucine pool, caused by exogenous
      leucine in the growth medium, did decrease the rate of decay of alpha
      isopropylmalate synthase activity observed when acetate-grown cells were shifted
      to glucose. Evidence is provided suggesting that an elevated endogenous leucine
      pool may increase the in vivo stability of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase under
      several different conditions. Studies on the kinetics of alpha-isopropylmalate
      synthase decay in vivo and sensitivity to leucine inhibition indicate that there
      are two classes of the enzyme in acetate-grown yeast cells.

PMID- 163819
TI  - Regulation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase and aspartate kinase in Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - The regulation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase (EC 4.2.1.52) and aspartate kinase
      (EC 2.7.2.4) was studied in Bacillus subtilis 168. Starvation for lysine gave
      depression of one aspartate kinase isoenzyme but not of dihydrodipicolinate
      synthase. Strains resistant to growth inhibition by the lysine analogue thiosine
      exhibited constitutively derepressed synthesis of one aspartate kinase isoenzyme
      but had normal levels of dihydrodipicolinate synthase. The data provide strong
      evidence that lysine is not the signal for derepression of dihydrodipicolinate
      synthase. Nevertheless, dihydrodipicolinate synthase specific activity increased
      during sporulation, and it is suggested that this increase may result, in part,
      from resistance to proteolysis of that enzyme.

PMID- 163820
TI  - Coenzyme interaction with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Evidence for
      allosteric coenzyme binding sites from thermodynamic equilibrium studies.
AB  - The techniques of fluorescence enhancement, fluorescence quenching, fluorescence
      polarization, and equilibrium dialysis are utilized to study the binding
      properties of coenzyme to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Polarization of
      fluorescence and equilibrium dialysis show that NADH binds to alcohol
      dehydrogenase with a stoichiometry of 6 mol per mol of enzyme, in contrast to the
      value of 2 determined from fluorescence enhancement measurements. NAD+ also binds
      with a stoichiometry of six as was determined by equilibrium dialysis. The two
      NADH sites which bind coenzyme more tightly and which are revealed by
      fluorescence enhancement measurements are designated the catalytic sites. Binding
      of coenzyme to the four ancillary sites does not alter the quantum yield of NADH
      but results in a 20% contribution to quenching of enzyme's tryptophan
      fluorescence. From the emission anisotropy of bound NADH of 24.0% for the
      additional sites and 28.1% for the catalytic sites and their relative
      fluorescence lifetimes at the same wavelengths of excitation and emmision, we
      conclude that the nicotinamide ring of NADH bound to the additional sites
      exhibits a freedom of motion independent of the macromolecule, while that bound
      to the catalytic sites is more rigidly held. Polarization of fluorescence yields
      negative intrinsic free energies of 9.2 and 7.5 Cal M-1 for NADH interaction with
      the catalytic and additional sites, respectively. Although these values are 1.3
      to 2.0 Cal higher than those determined by fluorescence quenching and equilibrium
      dialysis, the mean Hill coefficient of 1.76 plus or minus 0.06, the titration
      span of 2.4 logarithmic units and coupling free energies (in magnitude and sign)
      are the same for all these techniques. The above difference in the intrinsic free
      energies are attributed largely to the different modes of interaction of excited
      and unexcited NADH molecules with alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 163821
TI  - A study of the cytoplasmic receptors for glucocorticoids in intestine of pre- and
      postweanling rats.
AB  - Glucocorticoids cause both enzymic and morphologic changes in the rat intestine
      during the time of weaning. To obtain information regarding the mechanism of
      these actions, we examined the cytoplasmic fraction of intestines from 18-day-old
      rats for the presence of specific glucocorticoid-binding proteins which are
      characteristics of target tissues. Incubation of slices of intestine with
      [3H]dexamethasone in a physiological medium at 2 degrees showed the presence of a
      cytoplasmic binding macromolecule with high specificity for steroids having
      glucocorticoid activity. The binding reaction was saturable (concentration of
      binding sites equals 0.24 pmol per mg of protein) and of high affinity
      (dissociation constant equals 9.3 nM). Binding was reversible on addition of
      nonlabeled dexamethasone (t 1/2 equals 5.2 hours), indicating that the usual
      assay procedure measured both corticosterone-filled and unoccupied binding sites.
      Sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed that the receptor-dexamethasone
      complex from intestinal cytosol sedimented at the same rate as that from liver
      (8.2 S). The receptor-dexamethasone complex was stable at 2 degrees for at least
      24 hours in intestinal slices, but in isolated cytosol fractions there was
      considerable loss of binding even in the presence of high concentrations of
      [3H]dexamethasone. Furthermore, mixing experiments showed that the presence of
      cytosol from intestinal mucosa (but not from the muscle layers) caused a
      dissociation of dexamethasone from receptors of liver cytosol. This suggested the
      presence of some interfering factor in isolated mucosal cytosol and meant that
      quantitative studies had to be confined to intact slices. Although the reasons
      for the instability of steroid-receptor complexes in the presence of isolated
      intestinal cytosol are not understood, the instability is believed to be
      associated with homogenization and, therefore, is believed to have no
      physiological significance. Finally, the ontogenesis of cytoplasmic
      glucocorticoid receptors in intestinal slices was examined and the pattern
      compared with that in liver and lung. Receptor activity was present in intestine
      from late fetal life through adulthood, but concentrations were significantly
      higher during the first two postnatal weeks than at all other times. By contrast,
      receptor activity detected in cytosol prepared from rat lung was high around the
      time of birth, while that in liver rose steadily during the first postnatal week
      and remained at high levels. Thus specific receptors for glucocorticoids are
      present in the rat intestine during periods of both responsiveness and
      unresponsiveness. This suggests that although corticosteroids exert their effects
      through the cytoplasmic receptors, this early event in glucocorticoid action may
      not be a controlling step for changes in responsiveness during development.

PMID- 163822
TI  - Activation of transcription by guanosine 5'-diphosphate,3'-diphosphate, transfer
      ribonucleic acid, and novel protein from Escherichia coli.
AB  - A protein factor TFms) that is required for ppGpp to stimulate RNA synthesis has
      been purified from an eluate of crude ribosomes. TFms also has the capacity to
      stimulate RNA synthesis without ppGpp present. Under standard conditions the
      action TFms and ppGpp requires uncharged tRNA. TFms and ppGpp act at inhibition
      to promote the formation of rifampicin-resistant or polytrI)-resistant
      preinitiation complexes. In the presence of rifampicin or poly(rI), tRNA is no
      longer required. With lambdah80dlacPs DNA as template, ppGpp together with TFms
      stimulated gal RNA synthesis to a much greater extent than total RNA synthesis.
      The stimulation of both lac and gel RNA synthesis was increased in the presence
      of cyclic AMP receptor and cyclic AMP.

PMID- 163823
TI  - A persistent active state of the adenylate cyclase system produced by the
      combined actions of isoproterenol and guanylyl imidodiphosphate in frog
      erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - Isoproterenol plus guanylyl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) activate frog erythrocyte
      adenylate cyclase to a level much higher than the sum of the activities produced
      by the catecholamine and the synthetic nucleotide tested separately. Propranolol,
      the beta-receptor blocking agent,  failed to inhibit activity when added after
      the enzyme system had been preincubated with both isoproterenol and Gpp(NH)p.
      However, if propranolol was added after only one of the two components had been
      added, it inhibited the effect of isoproterenol. Production of the propranolol
      resistant state by treatment with isoproterenol and Gpp(NH)p did not require the
      presence of the productive substrate (MgATP). The activated propranolol-resistant
      state persisted following various treatments of the enzyme preparation including
      extensive washings of the membranes; considerable activity was retained even
      after sonication or treatment with the detergent Lubrol-PX, treatments which
      caused inactivation of the native enzyme. Extensive dilution of the membranes
      following pretreatment with isoproterenol and Gpp(NH)p did not significantly
      reduce to the activity of the enzyme. Readdition of isoproterenol after dilution
      caused some inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, indicating apparently that
      the beta-receptor has not become inaccessible. In contrast, preincubation with
      isoproterenol alone failed to render the enzyme system refractive to propranolol,
      and dilution readily reduced the activity to negligibly low values. Preincubation
      with Gpp(NH)p alone also produced a persistent active state but the activity was
      much lower than that obtained throught the combined action of isoproterenol and
      Gpp(NH)p. The findings suggest that the hormone may be required only to
      facilitate the initial interaction of the enzyme with Gpp(NH)p. The differences,
      in this respect, between Gpp(NH)p and the more labile natural nucleotide, GTP,
      are discussed.

PMID- 163824
TI  - Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent conformational states of glycogen phosphorylase as
      probed by interconverting enzymes.
AB  - The interaction between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and the convertible serine of
      glycogen phosphorylase has been investigated by using: specific interconverting
      enzymes, phosphorylase kinase and phosphorylase phosphatase; effectors, glucose
      and glucose 6-phosphate; and a protein kinase and trypsin. Both phosphorylase
      kinase and phosphorylase phosphatase utilized the native protein while having
      little influence on the apoprotein. Removal of a peptide containing the critical
      serine residue gave phosphorylase b' from which the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in
      phosphorylase has an important effect on enzymic interconversion.

PMID- 163825
TI  - The plane of cleavage in human ferrihemoglobin. I. Ultraviolet difference
      spectroscopy.
AB  - X-ray diffraction studies have shown that hemoglobin has two predominant
      interfaces in the tetramer at which dissociation to dimers could occur. These
      interfaces have been designed as alpha1-beta1 and alpha1-beta2. There are 2
      tyrosyl residues and 1 tryptophanyl residue in the alpha1-beta2- interface but
      only 1 tyrosyl residue in the alpha1-beta1 interface exposed to the solvent are
      perturbed. The ultraviolet difference spectrum between ferrihemoglobin
      dissociated in 1 M NaClO4 and undissociated hemoglobin revealed two negative
      peaks, one at 292.5 nm and another at 285 nm. This difference spectrum is due to
      tyrosyl and tryptophanyl residues which reside on the plane of cleavage and were
      exposed to 1 M NaClO4 upon dissociation. Hence, dissociation must have occurred
      along the alpha1-beta2 interface to yield alpha1 beta1 dimers. The deltaF degrees
      value extrapolated to zero salt concentration calculated on the basis of
      difference spectroscopy and sedimentation velocity experiments is 8.6 plus or
      minus 0.7 kcal per mol at pH 7.1 (K equals 4.5 times 10-7.

PMID- 163826
TI  - Stimulation of active uptake of nucleosides and amino acids by cyclic adenosine
      3' :5'-monophosphate in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - In conditions of glucose starvation, the maximum velocity of the mediated
      transport of nonmetabolized and metabolized amino acids, uridine, adenosine, and
      sucrose across the plasma membrane is stimulated by a factor of two by the
      addition of 1 mM adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate to Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-
      wild strain, to the glucose-super-repressed and derepressed mutants COB5 and
      COB6, and to Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain IL 216-IA. The mediated uptake of 2
      D-deoxyglucose and the apparently nonmediated uptake of guanosine are not
      stimulated by the cyclic nucleotide. N6,O2'-Dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate is also efficient, whereas theophylline, guanosine 3':5'
      monophosphate, 5'-AMP, ATP, and adenosine are ineffective. The cellular ATP
      content of glycerol-grown S. pombe COB5 is about 10 nmol per mg of protein and is
      not decreased by further incubation in the starvation medium. The addition of 100
      mM glucose markedly enhances transport without any increase of the cellular ATP
      content. The addition of antimycin A or Dio-9 decreases markedly both cellular
      ATP content and transport. The addition of 2.5 mM glucose to antimycin A
      containing medium restores both transport is not necessarily of mitochondrial
      origin. The uptake of 2-D-deoxyglucose is unaffected by the respiratory
      inhibitors. Stimulation of uptake by cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate occurs
      only in glucose-deprived cells. The addition of 10 mM glucose elicits the
      disappearance of the stimulation and prevents the 30% decrease of the cellular
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate content produced by glucose starvation. Adenosine
      3':5'-'monophosphate does not enhance the steady state ATP level but requires
      cellular ATP produced either by endogenous respiration or, in the absence of
      respiration blocked by antimycin A, by further addition of 2.5 mM glucose.
      Stimulation of active uptake by adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate does not require
      protein synthesis because the addition of cycloheximide or anisomycin does not
      prevent the stimulation of L-leucine uptake. In the absence of respiration, Dio
      9, and ATPase inhibitor, suppresses instantaneously the cellular ejection of
      protons as well as the uptake of uridine and amino acids. It abolishes also the
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-stimulated transport. In the presence of antimycin
      A, specific mitochondrial ATPase inhibitors such as venruricidin A do not inhibit
      metabolite uptakes and their stimulation by adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. These
      results suggest that in these conditions, the target of Dio-9 is not the
      mitochondrial ATPase but a plasma membrane proton-translocating function
      generating an electrochemical gradient required for active transport. That
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate enhances the Dio-9-sensitive proton extrusion
      supports the view that the cyclic nucleotide might modulate the plasma membrane
      ATPase.

PMID- 163827
TI  - The mechanism of stabilization of the structure of nuclease-T by binding of
      ligands.
AB  - The rate of unfolding of Nuclease-T at pH 8,20 degrees was determined as a
      function of concentration of the ligands deoxythymidine 3',5'-diphosphate (pdTp)
      and Ca2+ on the basis of the rate of exchange between free fragment, Nuclease
      T(50-149) and labeled fragment, Nuclease-T-(50-149) incorporated in the structure
      of nuclease-T (Taniuchi, H. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 5164-5174). The rate
      constant of unfolding of unliganded Nuclease-T' was 4.6 times 10-4s-1. Those of
      Nuclease-T' bound with pdTp, with Ca2+, and with both pdtp and Ca2+ were 9.0
      times 10-5, 1.6 times 10-4, and 2.2 times 10-5s-1, respectively. The association
      constants of pdTp and Ca2+ with Nuclease-T' were found to be 1.0 times 10-4 and
      2.0 times 10-2 m-1, respectively. Those of pdTp with Nuclease-T' plus Ca2+ and of
      Ca2+ with  Nuclease-T'  plus pdTp were 4 times 10-5 and 1.4 times 10-4M-1,
      respectively. The calculation of free energy change on the basis of the
      association constants shows that the magnitude of negative free energy change
      involved in the binding of either of the two ligands increases by approximately 2
      kcal when the other ligand is already bound. There is a correlation between the
      free energy change and the specifically coupled with the cooperative interacions
      operating throught the three-dimensional structure resulting in strengthening of
      the interactions throughtout the structure, including those with the ligands,
      without a large change in conformation.

PMID- 163828
TI  - The generation of O2-by the interaction of the hemolytic agent, phenylhydrazine,
      with human hemoglobin.
AB  - Phenylhydrazine reacts with adult oxy- or methemoglobin in the presence of
      molecular oxygen to generate O2-. The mechanism of the reaction apparently
      differs in each case. The generation of O2- is monitored by following the
      reduction of ferricytochrome c or the oxidation of epinephrine.

PMID- 163829
TI  - Hapten-sandwich labeling. II. Immunospecific attachment of cell surface markers
      suitable for scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - A hapten-sandwich procedure has been used for immunospecific labeling of cell
      surface antigens with markers visible by scanning electron microscopy. Antihapten
      antibody was used to link hapten-modified tobacco mosaic virus, bushy stunt
      virus, or hemocyanin to hapten-modified human erythrocytes. The antihapten
      antibody bridge was also used to link the hapten-virus marker to hapten-modified
      antibodies against mammary tumor virus on mouse mammary tumor cells, or against
      immunoglobulin receptors on mouse splenic lymphocytes. In all cases, labeling was
      highly specific. With this technique, it is possible to (a) compare morphological
      features of cells bearing differing cell surface antigens, and (b) examine the
      arrangement of specific antigenic sites on a cell surface or their distribution
      relative to membrane structures such as microvilli.

PMID- 163830
TI  - Further characterization of embryonic tendon fibroblasts and the use of
      immunoferritin techniques to study collagen biosynthesis.
AB  - Morphological studies were carried out on fibroblasts from chick embryo tendons,
      cells which have been used in a number of recent studies on collagen
      biosynthesis. The cells were relatively rich in endoplasmic reticulum and
      contained a well-developed Golgi complex comprised of small vesicles, stacked
      membranes, and large vacuoles. Techniques were then devised for preparing cell
      fragments which were penetrated by ferritin-antibody conjuates but which retained
      the essential morphological features of the cells. Finally, the new procedures
      were employed to develop further information as to how collagen is synthesized.
      As reported elsewhere, preliminary studies with ferritin-labeled antibodies
      showed that prolyl hydroxylase was found in the endoplasmic reticulum of freshly
      isolated fibroblasts and that procollagen is found in both the cisternae of the
      endoplasmic reticulum and the large Golgi vacuoles. In the experiments described
      here, the cells were manipulated so that amino acids continued to be incorporated
      into polypeptide chains but assembly of the molecule was not completed because
      hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues was prevented. The results indicated
      that these manipulations produced no change in the distribution of prolyl
      hydroxylase. Examination of the cells with ferritin conjugated to antibodies
      which reacted with protocollagen, the unhydroxylated form of procollagen,
      demonstrated that protocollagen was retained in the cisternae of the endoplasmic
      reticulum during inhibition of the prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases. Assays for
      prolyl hydroxylase with an immunologic technique demonstrated that although the
      enzyme is found within the endoplasmic reticulum, it is not secreted along with
      procollagen. The observations provided further evidence for a special role for
      prolyl hydroxylase in the control of collagen biosynthesis.

PMID- 163831
TI  - Detection by means of cell fusion of macromolecular synthesis involved in the
      reconstruction of the nuclear envelope in mitosis.
AB  - Using the cultured Chinese hamster cell line Don, G1 or S or a mixture of late
      S/G2 cells were prepared by release from metaphase arrest. Metaphase (M) cells
      were also obtained by mitotic arrest of log-phase cultures with Colcemid and held
      in metaphase; such M cells remained untreated with any other compound and were
      termed standard M cells. When interphase (I) cells were fused at pH 8.0 and 37
      degrees C with standard cells in the presence of Colcemid by means of UV
      inactivated Sendai virus, binucleate interphase-metaphase (I-M) cells were
      obtained. In a given I-M cell there occurred within 30 min after fusion either
      prophasing of the I nucleus or formation of a nuclear envelope (NE) around the
      chromosomes. About 20%  of early G1 cells, 35% of cells at the G1/S boundary, 50%
      of S cells, and 70% of late S/G2 cells could induce NE formation. If, before
      fusion, cycloheximide (CHE), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, was present
      during release from M arrest, the cells entered G1 but not S. About 20% of such
      early G1 cells, like the untreated early G1 cells, had the capacity to induce NE
      formation during subsequent fusion. If the cells were blocked in S with 5 mM
      thymidine (TdR), At least 80% of these cells could induce NE formation during
      subsequent fusion, but in the presence of both TdR and CHE only 35% could do so.
      It appeared, therefore, that protein synthesis in interphase was required for NE
      formation. Experiments with actinomycin D indicated that RNA synthesis was also
      necessary for acquisition of NE-inducing capacity. About 35% of G1 cells from
      confluent monolayers had the NE-inducing capacity, but prolonged exposure to CHE
      reduced their number to 8% . Removal of CHE restored the ability while the cells
      still remained in G1. This result indicated that continuing protein synthesis in
      the G1 cell was needed for NE formation subsequent to fusion. The fact that
      macromolecular synthesis must occur in the I cell before fusion if NE formation
      was to occur in the fused I-M cell lends further support to evidence adduced
      earlier that this phenomenon is a normal mitotic event. Prophasing of the I
      nucleus in I-M cells did not appear to be dependent on macromolecular synthesis
      in the I cell; earlier results from this laboratory showed, however, that protein
      synthesis in the prior G2 period of the M cell of the I-M pair was required for
      prophasing.

PMID- 163832
TI  - Cell surface changes and Rous sarcoma virus gene expression in synchronized
      cells.
AB  - We have investigated whether cell surface changes associated with growth control
      and malignant transformation are linked to the cell cycle. Chicken embryo cells
      synchronized by double thymidine block were examined for cell-cycle-dependent
      alterations in membrane function (measured by transport of 2-deoxyglucose,
      uridine, thymidine, and mannitol), in cell surface morphology (examined by
      scanning electron microscopy), and in the ability of tumor virus gene expression
      to induce a transformation-specific change in membrane function. We reach the
      following conclusions: (a) The high rate of 2-deoxyglucose transport seen in
      transformed cells and the low rates of 2-deoxyglucose and uridine transport
      characteristic of density-inhibited cells do not occur in normal growing cells as
      they traverse the cell cycle. (b) Although there are cell cycle-dependent changes
      in surface morphology, they are not reflected in corresponding changes in
      membrane function. (c) Tumor virus gene expression can alter cell membrane
      function at any stage in the cell cycle and without progression through the cell
      cycle.

PMID- 163835
TI  - Aflatoxin separation by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 163833
TI  - Externally disposed plasma membrane proteins. I. Enzymatic iodination of mouse L
      cells.
AB  - The enzymatic iodination technique has been utilized in a study of the externally
      disposed membrane proteins of the mouse L cell. Iodination of cells in suspension
      results in lactoperoxidase-specific iodide incorporation with no loss of cell
      viability under the conditions employed, less than 3% lipid labeling, and more
      than 90% of the labeled species identifiable as monoiodotyrosine. 90% of the
      incorporated label is localized to the cell surface by electron microscope
      autoradiography, with 5-10% in the centrosphere region and postulated to
      represent pinocytic vesicles. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gels of
      solubilized L-cell proteins reveals five to six labeled peaks ranging from 50,000
      to 200,000 daltons. Increased resolution by use of gradient slab gels reveals 15
      20 radioactive bands. Over 60% of the label resides in approximately nine
      polypeptides of 80,000 to 150,000 daltons. Various controls indicate that the
      labeling pattern reflects endogenous membrane proteins, not serum components. The
      incorporated 125-I, cholesterol, and one plasma membrane enzyme marker, alkaline
      phosphodiesterase I, are purified in parallel when plasma membranes are isolated
      from intact, iodinated L cells. The labeled components present in a plasma
      membrane-rich fraction from iodinated cells are identical to those of the total
      cell, with a 10- to 20-fold enrichment in specific activity of each radioactive
      peak in the membrane.

PMID- 163836
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of methoxyhalogenomercuri derivatives of mono
      unsaturated long-chain esters.

PMID- 163834
TI  - Externally disposed plasma membrane proteins. II. Metabolic fate of iodinated
      polypeptides of mouse L cells.
AB  - The fate of the L-cell plasma membrane proteins labeled by enzymatic iodination
      was studied. The disappearance of label from growing cells exhibits a biphasic
      behavior, with 5-20% lost rapidly (t1/2 similar to 2 h) and 80-90% lost
      relatively slowly (t1/2 similar to 25-33 h). The loss is temperature dependent
      and serum independent, and is accompanied by the appearance of 51% (125
      I)monoiodotyrosine (MIT) in the medium by 47 h. A variable amount (1-14%) of acid
      insoluble label can be recovered in the medium over 47 h. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel labeling patterns from cells cultured up to 48 h after
      iodination reveal no change in the relative distribution of radioactivity,
      indicating similar rates of degradation for most of the labeled membrane
      proteins. The fate of the labeled membrane proteins was studied at various times
      after phagocytosis of nondigestible polystyrene particles. Iodinated L cells
      phagocytose sufficient 1.1 mum latex beads in 60 min to interiorize 15-30% of the
      total cell surface area. Electron microscope autoradiography confirmed that
      labeled membrane is internalized during phagocytosis. The latex-containing
      phagocytic vacuoles are isolated by flotation in a discontinuous sucrose
      gradient. 15-30% of the total incorporated label and a comparable percentage of
      alkaline phosphodiesterase I activity (PDase, a plasma membrane enzyme marker)
      are recovered in the phagocytic vacuole fraction. Lysosomal enzyme activities are
      found in the latex vacuole fraction, indicating formation of phagolysosomes. SDS
      gel analyses reveal that all of the radioactive proteins initially present on the
      intact cell's surface are interiorized to the same relative extent. Incorporated
      label and PDase activity disappear much more rapidly from the phagolysosomes than
      from the whole cell. In the phagolysosomal compartment, greater than 70% of the
      TCA-precipitable labeled proteins and all of the PDase activity are lost rapidly
      (t1/2 equals 1-2 h) but similar 30% of the labeled proteins in this compartment
      are degraded with a 17-20 h half-life. The slowly degraded label is due to
      specific long-lived polypeptides, of 85,000 and 8,000-15,000 daltons, which
      remain in the phagolysosomal membrane up to 40 h after phagocytosis.

PMID- 163837
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography of carotenoids and other terpenoids.
AB  - The retention behaviour of over seventy terpenoids on three silicone polymer
      liquid phases under both isothermal and temperature-programmed conditions is
      reported. Terpenoids with conjugated unsaturation (e.g., carotenoids) were
      hydrogenated prior to analysis in order to prevent thermal decomposition.
      Analyses of the acetates and TMS ethers of both the natural hydroxycarotenoids
      and their perhydroderivatives are also reported. In addition, a system is
      described for the routine analysis of terpenols, including those whose
      pyrophosphates are intermediates in sterol and carotenoid biosynthesis.

PMID- 163838
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography for the separation of digitoxin, digitoxigenin and
      related compounds.

PMID- 163839
TI  - Quantitative determination of conjugated or esterified estrogens in tablets by
      thin layer chromatography.

PMID- 163840
TI  - Blood testosterone values in patients with congenital virilizing adrenal
      hyperplasia.
AB  - To evaluate the usefulness of blood testosterone (T) in monitoring the effects of
      therapy in congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia due to 21- or 11-
      hydroxylation defect (CVAH), T levels were measured on 45 occasions in 13
      patients with CVAH; 32 urinary 17-ketosteroid levels and 31 preganetriol values
      were available for comparison. Bone age levels, growth data, and medication are
      listed to help assess the clinical state of the patient at the time of each T
      determination. Blood T values were above normal for age and sex in untreated
      patients with CVAH and declined with glucocorticoid suppression. A blood T value
      of 20 ng/100 ml appeared to distinguish between well-controlled cases and those
      with inadequate steroid suppression. Serial measurement of blood T in girls and
      in prepubertal boys with CVAH provides assistance in evaluating chemical control
      of the disease, particularly when accurate 24-h urine collections cannot be
      obtained for 17-ketosteroid and pregnanetriol assessments.

PMID- 163841
TI  - Interaction of delta-5-androstene-3beta, 17beta-diol with estradiol and
      dihydrotestosterone receptors in human myometrial and mammary cancer tissue.
AB  - Specific receptor binding of estradiol (E-2) and dihydrotestosterone  (DHT) was
      studied in human myometrial tissue and in human mammary cancer tissue. The
      inhibition of binding for E-2 and DHT by E-2, testosterone (T), DHT,
      dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S),
      androstendione (A) and 5-androstene-3beta, 17beta-diol (Adiol) was tested with
      the use of dextran-coated charcoal separation of bound and free E-2,
      respectively, and DHT. The percentage of binding inhibition was calculated with
      reference to the inhibition obtained with nafoxidine in a molar concentration
      ratio of 1,000 for E-2 binding, respectively, with cyproterone acetate in a molar
      concentration ratio of 10,000 for DHT binding. In 15 samples of myometrium
      tested, receptors were found for both E-2 and DHT. From 19 samples of mammary
      carcinoma tissue one showed no binding activity, three samples did bind E-2 only,
      five samples DHT only, and ten samples showed binding of both steroids. A 50%
      inhibition of E-2 binding, in myometrial as well as in tumor tissue, required a
      molar concentration ratio of 40 for Adiol, of more than 2,000 for DHEA. No
      significant inhibiting activity could be found for A up to a molar concentration
      ratio of 10,000 and for DHEA-S up to 40,000. With regard to DHT binding, Adiol is
      more active than E-2 and less active than T. Of the substances tested Adiol is
      therefore the only one which exerts a significant inhibiting influence at a molar
      ratio not far beyond the physiological range. This signifies that Adiol might
      interfere at the receptor level in the estrogenic stimulation of mammary cancer
      cells.

PMID- 163842
TI  - Regulation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion by serum and dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP in malignant trophoblast cells in vitro.
AB  - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion was studied in human malignant
      trophoblast cells (Jar line) in continuous culture. Radioimmunoassayable hCG in
      the cells and in the daily culture fluid was increased for at least 3 days by 10%
      newborn calf serum and by 1 mN N-6, 0-2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3', 5'
      monophosphoric acid (dbcAMP) plus 1 mM theorphylline. Incubation of the cells in
      the presence of serum, dbcAMP and theorphylline resulted in additive stimulation
      of hCG secretion after 1 day. After 2 or 3 days, a supra-additive stimulation was
      observed, which was prevented by Actinomycin D. When cells were preincubated for
      2 days in the absence of serum but with dbcAMP plus theorphylline, subsequent
      addition of serum resulted in supra-additive stimulation of hCG secretion within
      a single day; the continued presence of dbcAMP plus theophylline was not
      necessary for this stimulation by serum. These findings suggested that dbcAMP
      activates a slow process requiring RNA synthesis, resulting in increased hCG
      secretion. Serum appears to protect the hCG synthesizing system from degradation.

PMID- 163843
TI  - Immunochemical heterogeneity of calcitonin in plasma.
AB  - Calcitonin was measured in the plasma of 13 patients with medullary throid
      carcinoma and one patient with a calcitonin-producing islet cell carcinoma of the
      pancreas. The hormone was measured by the simultaneous application of two
      calcitonin antisera which had differing specificity. Calcitonin measurements were
      also made of gel filtration (Bio Gel P30) fractions of plasma samples. Although
      the two antisera were of comparable sensitivity for the measurement of human
      calcitonin standards, they reacted differently with the calcitonin in the plasma
      samples. One antiserum (LD-1) gave consistently higher estimations of hormone
      concentration in the plasma of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma than the
      other (LD-26). By contrast, the concentration of calcitonin from the islet cell
      carcinoma of the pancreas was higher in the LD-26 assay. Multiple gel filtration
      peaks of immunoreactive calcitonin activity were present in both thyroidal and
      nonthyroidal calcitonin. Furthermore, the two different antisera identified
      differing immunochemical peaks of calcitonin activity for agiven plasma sample.
      These findings demonstrate the presence of immunochemical heterogeneity in plasma
      calcitonin and suggest the presence of immunological differences between
      thyroidal and nonthyroidal calcitonin.

PMID- 163844
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoids on pituitary hormonal responses to hypoglycemia.
      Inhibition of prolactin release.
AB  - The characteristics of pituitary hormonal responses to insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia were investigated in 16 normal men. In all subjects, levels of blood
      sugar fell below 35 mg/100 ml. A statistically significant increase in mean
      plasma levels of prolactin, ACTH, cortisol and growth hormone was observed.
      Prolactin levels increased in all subjects but one; individual peak values were
      1.4 minus 8.4 times greater than base levels. The kinetics of prolactin, GH and
      ACTH responses were similar; in particular, the onset of release (25 min) of
      prolactin, GH and ACTH was similar. After dexamethasone administration, insulin
      tolerance tests wererepeated in a number of subjects using adequate amounts of
      insulin to achieve hypoglycemia equivalent to that obtained in the control
      experiments. The administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone the evening before the
      test suppressed basal levels of ACTH and cortisol and the ACTH-but not the
      cortisol-response to hypoglycemia. Both basal levels of prolactin and prolactin
      response to hypoglycemia were significantly lowered but growth hormone response
      was not modified by administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone. The administration
      of larger doses of dexamethasone (1 mg every 6 h for 2 days) almost completely
      suppressed basal levels of ACTH, cortisol and prolactin, as well as the
      hypoglycemia-induced release of these hormones. In contrast, the growth hormone
      response to hypoglycemia was only partially inhibited. These findings demonstrate
      that both basal secretion and hypoglycemia-induced release of prolactin, ACTH,
      cortisol and growth hormone are suppressible by glucocorticoids.

PMID- 163845
TI  - Free cortisol index: a rapid and simple estimation of free cortisol in human
      plasma.
AB  - A rapid and simple method for the estimation of free (nonprotein-bound) cortisol
      in human plasma is described. Total plasma cortisol (F) was determined by a
      competitive protein binding assay. An estimate of the saturation of
      Corticosteroid Binding Globulin was obtained by the use of "charcoal cortisol
      uptake" (CFU). "Charcoal cortisol uptake ratio" (CFUR) was defined as the ratio
      of the CFU of the unknown plasma to that of a reference serum pool. Free cortisol
      index (FFI) was calculated as (total plasma F) times (CFUR). Percent free
      cortisol and free cortisol concentration (FF) was determined by equilibrium
      dialysis at 37 C. 169 plasma samples with an F range of 0.8-61.2 mug/100 ml from
      18 normal, 10 ACTH-stimulated, 17 estrogen-treated and 12 pregnant subjects were
      analyzed. A highly significant correlation between FFI and FF was found (r =
      0.952). Inter-assay coefficients of variation were 7% for total plasma F and 3.5%
      for CFU. The method allows the rapid processing of large numbers of samples and
      can be performed on 0.2 ml of plasma.

PMID- 163846
TI  - Growth hormone release after synthetic 1-24 ACTH: effects of estrogen and sex.
AB  - Recent reports have demonstrated that growth hormone (GH) is inconsistently
      released after intravenous administration of synthetic 1-24 ACTH. This study was
      designed to evaluate the role of estrogens in mediating this response. 250 mug of
      synthetic 1-24 ACTH were administered to 8 men in 12 studies and 6 women in 11
      studies. None of the men exhibited a rise in GH after 1-24 ACTH, while the women
      exhibited a significant increase. Pretreatment of 5 of these men with 100 mug of
      ethinyl estradiol daily for 3 days did not alter GH response from the initial
      studies. Pretreatment with 10 mg of diethylstilbesterol daily for 3 days,
      however, resulted in a rise in GH which was similar to the female group. It is
      concluded that the variable GH responses to synthetic 1-24 ACTH may be in part
      due to prevailing concentrations of sex steroids and their effect on the
      hypothalamic-pituitary GH release mechanism.

PMID- 163847
TI  - Antagonism of the antibacterial action of some penicillins by other penicillins
      and cephalosporins.
AB  - There are many examples of two penicillins acting synergistically, usually by one
      competitively inhibiting beta-lactamase, thus protecting the other from
      inactivation. There are few reports on penicillins antagonizing each other. Eight
      strains of three genera (Proteus, Escherichia, Pseudomonas) isolated at Boston
      City Hospital or Institut Pasteur, Paris, showed antagonism of carbenicillin or
      ampicillin by cephaloridine, cloxacillin, or 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Broth
      dilution tests showed that with seven of the eight strains the minimum inhibiting
      concentration (MIC) of the more active antibiotic was increased by 800-6,400% by
      low concentrations (often one-tenth the MIC) of the antagonist, whereas higher
      concentrations of "antagonist" were not as antagonistic, This suggested that two
      or more receptor sites of action for penicillins were present; the antagonist
      thus blocks the antibacterial action at the more sensitive site but acts
      additively with the antagonized antibiotic at the less sensitive site. The
      possibility that the mechanism of antagonism was induction of inactivating
      enzymes (beta-lactamase, penicillin acylase) was studied in two strains(one
      Escherichia coli and one Proteus rettgeri), and two antagonists were studied in
      detail. With E. coli cephaloridine was a poorer inducer of beta-lactamase than
      were the antagonized antibiotic and 6-aminopenicillanic acid. From these
      organisms, the good inducers of a beta-lactamase that acted on benzylpenicillin
      did not induce enzymes that inactivated carbenicillin. Thus, the mechanism of
      antagonism was not due to beta-lactamase induction.

PMID- 163849
TI  - Collagen in the human lung. Quantitation of rates of synthesis and partial
      characterization of composition.
AB  - The presence of collagen in lung is fundamental in normal lung structure and
      function. Methods have been developed to examine human fetal and adult lung
      collagen with respect to its composition and synthesis. The second trimester
      fetal lung has a large number of cells per unit lung mass (36.6 plus or minus 2.7
      mug DNA/mg dry wt) and relatively small amounts of collagen (17.0 plus or minus
      5.3 mug collagen/mg dry wt). The number of cells per unit lung mass in the adult
      lung (11.1 plus or minus 3.4 mug DNA/mg dry wt) is 30% of the number of cells in
      the fetal lung, but the adult has 11 times more collagen (196 plus or minus 25
      mug collagen/mg dry wt). The composition of fetal lung collagen can be partially
      characterized by extraction with salt at neutral pH, acetic acid, or guanidine.
      The extracted chains, representing 10% of the total lung collagen, chromatograph
      as alpha1 and alpha2 chains, each with a mol wt of 100,000 and an animo acid
      composition characteristic for collagen but not specific for lung. Short-term
      explant cultures of fetal and adult lung synthesize alpha chains which can be
      isolated by ion-exchange chromatography. These chains, representing 30-40% of the
      total collagen synthesized by the explants, coelectrophorese with extracted
      collagen chains on acrylamide gels: they are destroyed by clostridial collagenase
      and they have a mol wt of 100,000. Although the composition of the collagen
      synthesized by these explants can be only partially characterized, the rate of
      synthesis of both collagen and noncollagen protein can be quantitated. In fetal
      lung, 4.0 plus or minus 1.2% of the amino acids incorporated into protein per
      hour are incorporated into collagen. In normal adult lung, this percentage (4.2
      plus or minus 0.9%) is remarkably similar. These values are almost identical to
      the relative rate of collagen synthesis in rabbit lung in the same age range.
      This technology should be applicable to answer specific questions regarding
      collagen synthesis and degradation in human lung disease.

PMID- 163848
TI  - Prevention of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia using polymyxin aerosol as
      prophylaxis. II. Effect on the incidence of pneumonia in seriously ill patients.
AB  - All 744 patients admitted to a Respiratory-Surgical Intensive Care Unit (RSICU)
      were included in a prospective study of the effects of a polymyxin (2.5 mg/kg
      body wt/day in six divided doses) or a placebo aerosol sprayed into the posterior
      pharynx and tracheal tube (if present), during 11 alternating 2-mo treatment
      cycles. The incidence of upper airway colonization in the RSICU with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa was 1.6% during the polymyxin treatment cycles (total 374 patients)
      and 9.7% during the placebo cycles (370 patients) (X2 equals 23.2, P less than
      0.01). 3 patients in the RSICU acquired Pseudomonas pneumonia, as defined by
      independent "blinded" assessors, during the polymyxin cycles while 17 acquired a
      Pseudomonas pneumonia during the placebo cycles (X2 equals 10.2, P less than
      0.01). The overall mortality was similar in both placebo and polymyxin-treated
      groups (12.2 vs. 12.0%). Systemic antibiotic usage was similar in the different
      cycles; 49% of patients in the placebo and 53% in the polymyxin-treated groups
      received systemic antibiotics while in the RSICU.

PMID- 163851
TI  - Developmental changes in potassium-dependent phosphatase in rat submandibular
      gland.

PMID- 163852
TI  - Ethnic and regional considerations in epidemiology of breast cancer.

PMID- 163850
TI  - Treatment and control of neonatal diarrhea in calves.
AB  - Treatment and control of acute neonatal diarrhea in calves are outlined and
      discussed. The difficulty in making a definitive etiological diagnosis makes
      effective treatment and control also difficult and largely empirical.
      Physiological events in calves with diarrhea are known, and fluid therapy is
      directed toward treating dehydration and acidosis. Whether affected calves should
      receive antibacterial agents orally is an open question. Principles of control of
      diarrhea in calves are outlined and discussed.

PMID- 163853
TI  - Preliminary report: Why women study medicine.

PMID- 163854
TI  - The ultrastructural localization of cytochrome oxidase via cytochrome.

PMID- 163855
TI  - Peptides with NH2-terminal tryptophan in adrenocorticotrophic hormone and
      melanocyte-stimulating hormone granules of adenohypophysis.
AB  - Fluorescence microscopy has demonstrated formaldehyde-ozone-induced fluorescence
      in the pars intermedia cells (melanocyte-stimulating hormone cells) and in
      certain cells of the pars distalis of the mammalian pituitary. From histochemical
      and chemical evidence the fluorescence is believed to reflect the presence of
      peptides with NH2-terminal tryptophan. In the pars distalis of hamster, cat and
      pig pituitary, the cells that exhibit formaldehyde-ozone-induced fluorescence
      have now been identified as adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) cells by
      immunohistochemistry. Granules from pig pituitaries were purified by passage
      through a succession of Millipore filters followed by centrifugation on a
      continuous sucrose gradient. Two granular fractions were identified by electron
      microscopy and found to contain high concentrations of peptides with NH2-terminal
      tryptophan as well as high ACTH bioactivity. These fractions, when pelleted and
      analyzed histochemically, displayed formaldehyde-ozone-induced fluorescence and
      ACTH-like immunoreactivity.

PMID- 163856
TI  - Macrophages activated in vitro with lymphocyte mediators kill neoplastic but not
      normal cells.
AB  - Normal guinea pig macrophages incubated for 3 days in vitro with mediator-rich
      lymphocyte supernatants become cytotoxic for the syngeneic tumors, line 1
      hepatoma and MCA-25 fibrosarcoma. Under identical experimental conditions the
      survival of two normal syngeneic cell types, fibroblasts and kidney cells, was
      not affected. The activating supernatants were prepared by stimulating sensitized
      lymphocyte cultures with an antigen unrelated to the target cells. Therefore,
      this type of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity appears to be nonspecific but
      restricted to cells with malignant growth capacities.

PMID- 163857
TI  - Complement biosynthesis in vitro by rat hepatoma cell strains.
AB  - Four separate rat hepatoma strains were examined for their capacity to synthesize
      complement (C). None of the strains synthesized detectable amounts of the first
      components (C-1), and only one strain (7800C-1) produced the fourth component
      (C4). However, each of the strains synthesized significant amounts of
      biologically active C-2 and C-3. Three of the four strains also produced C-5 and
      the natural inhibitor of C-1 (C1 INH). Two control rat cell strains (fibroblast
      and pituitary) did not synthesize any detectable C components. Production of C,
      studied extensively in 7800C-1 and H-4, was reversibly inhibited by cycloheximide
      (2 mug/ml) and [ 14-C ] amino acids were incorporated into C-2, C-3, and C-1 INH.
      As assessed by gel filtration, the elution positions of the C components
      synthesized by the cells in culture were similar to those of the corresponding
      proteins in normal rat serum. Hydrocortisone (10-6 to 10-7 M) stimulated the
      production of C-3 by H-4 but C-2 and C-5 production were not affected. These C
      producing hepatoma cells may prove useful for studies of the control of C
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 163858
TI  - Regulation of the in vitro early anamnestic antibody response by exogenous
      cholera enterotoxin and cyclic AMP.
AB  - Keyhole limpet hemocyanin was injected into the hind foot pads of rabbits. Six
      days later cell suspensions were prepared from the popliteal lymph nodes. Various
      amounts of hemocyanin (1 ng to 100 mug) were added to 1 times 10-7 cells to
      induce an anamnestic antibody response. Various amounts of cholera enterotoxin,
      which stimulates the enzyme adenylate cyclase, or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3'5'
      monophosphate (AMP), were added to the cultures with or without hemocyanin. De
      novo synthesis of antibody, protein, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic
      acid (RNA) from radioactive precursors was assayed. The addition  of cholera
      toxin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP for the first 24 hr with optimal (1 mug) or
      supraoptimal (100 mug) amounts of hemocyanin enhanced antibody synthesis by at
      least 100 to 200%. Addition of the toxin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP for the same
      period to cells minus hemocyanin or with suboptimal amounts (1 to 100 ng) of
      antigen failed to enhance antibody synthesis. Addition of these agents for 72 to
      120 hr to hemocyanin-induced cultures consistently inhibited antibody synthesis.
      These agents slightly inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis. The increase in protein
      synthesis caused by the toxin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP was almost totally
      accounted for by the increase in antibody synthesis. Neither toxin nor cyclic
      nucleotide promoted the antibody response in the presence of antibody to rabbit
      thymus-derived lymphocytes; these lymphocytes as well as bursa-equivalent
      lymphocytes were required for potentiation of the response. Macrophages were not
      required either for induction of the anamnestic response or for enhancement of
      this synthesis by cyclic nucleotide or cholera toxin. Both IgM and IgG antibody
      synthesis were regulated by exogenous cholera toxin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. A
      number of possible cellular mechanisms of regulation of the antibody response
      through the cyclic AMP pathway were discussed. These included the effects of
      modifications of this pathway on the activities of T lymphocytes early (0 to 24
      hr) and B lymphocytes late (72 to 120 hr) in the response and on the apparent
      reversal of high zone tolerance.

PMID- 163859
TI  - Spleen cell-mediated cytotoxicity of hamster cells transformed by Herpes simplex
      virus: evidence for virus-specific membrane antigen.
AB  - The nature of the host's immune response to isografts of hamster embryo
      fibroblasts (HEF) transformed by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was
      investigated by the microcytotoxicity assay. It was found that spleen cells from
      tumor-bearing hamsters killed homologous tumor cells but not HEF transformed by
      cytomegalovirus or PARA-(defective SV40)-adenovirus 7 (PARA-7). Cytotoxicity was
      lost as the tumor increased in size. Spleen cells from animals bearing isografts
      of HSV type 2 (HSV-2) transformed cells also killed HSV-1 target cells whereas
      spleen cells from PARA-7 tumor bearers did not. Further studies showed that
      animals immunized with HSV-1 or HSV-1-infected rabbit kidney cells produced
      spleen cells specifically cytotoxic for HSV-transformed cells. On the other hand,
      sera from virus-immunized hosts or tumor bearers had no effect on the cells in
      the presence of guinea pig complement. However, in blocking experiments such sera
      could significantly reduce spleen cell cytotoxicity. These experiments
      established that cells transformed by HSV could elicit a cellular immune response
      in the syngeneic host, and provided evidence that the immunity was directed
      against virus-specific antigens on the cell surface.

PMID- 163860
TI  - Beta-adrenergic inhibition of human T lymphocyte rosettes.

PMID- 163861
TI  - Tumor development after polyoma infection in athymic nude mice.
AB  - Nude (nu/nu) mice in a CBA/H background show an age-dependent ssuceptibility to
      tumor development after polyoma virus infection (strain LID-1) when compared with
      nu/ + or CBA/H mice, which is apparent when 15- or 30-day-old mice are used:
      tumor incidence was 83 to 90% in nudes and 0 to 10% in controls. Latent perids
      for tumor development were also shortened in nudes. However, with increasing age
      nude mice become partially resistant and only 25% develop tumors when infected at
      120 days of age. This partial resistance could be transferred with spleen cells
      to newborn mice. The cells in spleen responsible for this transfer can be
      eliminated by lysis with anti-Ig and complement or by pre-treatment of the donor
      with 100 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide and were not affected by treatment in vitro
      with anti-Thy.1.2 or procedures that remove adherent cells and/or macrophages.
      When the cells in 15-day-old nu/ + spleen were studied, both anti-Ig or anti
      Thy.1.2 treatment eliminated tranfer of resistance to newborn. Virus replication
      in tissues of nude mice was increased 5 days after infection when compared with
      nu/ + but became comparable by day 15 after infection. Hemagglutination
      inhibition antibodies in serum of nude and nu/ + had comparable titers when
      measured early after infection but higher titers were observed in nu/ + later
      after infection.

PMID- 163862
TI  - Lysis of tumor cells by antibody and complement. II. Lack of correlation between
      amount of C4 and C3 fixed and cell lysis.
AB  - Two antigenically distinct diethylnitrosamine-induced guinea pig hepatoma cell
      lines, line-1 and line-10, sensitized with rabbit anti-Forssman or with tumor
      specific antibody, were more susceptible to killing by human complement (HuC)
      than by guinea pig complement (GPC). This difference could not be ascribed to
      differences in the amount of C1, C4, and C3 fixed: millions of C4 and hundreds of
      thousands of C3 were detected on cells whether they were killed or not killed by
      the C sources. Tumor cells sensitized with anti-Forssman IgM antibody generally
      had more GP C4 and C3  than Hu C4 and C3 bound to their surfaces. Cells
      sensitized with anti-tumor antibody generally had more Hu C4 and C3 than GP C4
      and C3 bound to their surfaces. The resistance to killing of nucleated cells by
      antibody and C may be due in part to intrinisic properties of the cell.

PMID- 163864
TI  - Release of cyclic AMP from macrophages by stimulation with prostaglandins.
AB  - The effect of various prostaglandins (PG)on the generation of cyclic AMP in rat
      peritoneal macrophages has been studied in vitro. PGE1 produced a rapid
      intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP which was followed by its release into
      the extracellular space. More cyclic AMP was released with prostaglandins of the
      E-type than with A- and F-types. It is suggested that release of cyclic AMP from
      macrophages may participate in the modulation of leukocyte function.

PMID- 163863
TI  - Mechanism of the suppressive effect of interferon on antibody synthesis in vivo.
AB  - Mouse interferon preparations significantly suppress the in vivo antibody
      response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a thymus-dependent antigen, and to
      Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a thymus-independent antigen. It
      is also possible to effect the late responses of antigen sensitive "memory" cells
      observed during secondary immunization by administration of interferon prior to
      primary immunization. The immunosuppressive activity of interferon was time- and
      dose-dependent. Maximum suppression was produced when animals were given 1.5
      times 10-5 units of interferon between 4 and 48 hr before antigenic stimulation.
      These findings suggested that interferon affects some early event(s) in the
      process of antibody synthesis which might be related to the general inhibitory
      effect of interferon on rapidly dividing cells and viral m-RNA translation. In
      addition, the use of nonadherent spleen cell cultures from interferon-treated
      mice, immunized in vitro with a thymus-independent antigen, indicated that in
      this situation the inhibitory effect of interferon was due to an action on B
      lymphocytes. A variety of soluble "suppressive" factors are secreted by T cells
      as a consequence of activation by mitogens or specific antigens in vitro. Since T
      cells are recognized as one of the sources of interferon, it is suggested that
      interferon should be investigated as a suppressor T cell-produced lymphokine
      which can regulate B cell expression.

PMID- 163865
TI  - Cytochemical localization of phosphodiesterase: axonal mitochondria and
      microtubules.

PMID- 163866
TI  - Lattice and rodlet nuclear inclusions in Merkel cells in rabbit epidermis.
AB  - A latticee or rodlet inclusion is occasionally observed in the nucleus of a
      Merkel cell.  The lattice has the external form of a plaque or band and
      internally consists of alternating parallel wide and narrow layers.  Filaments in
      wide layers run in at least two directions across the short dimension of the
      inclusion.  In contrast, the rodlet is a bundle of parallel filaments running the
      long dimension of the inclusion.  Filaments in lattices and rodlets possibly
      contract and agitate the highly folded nucleus of the Merkel cell.

PMID- 163867
TI  - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to metronidazole: relative resistance of non
      spore-forming gram-positive baccilli.
AB  - Susceptibility of 358 clinical isolates of obligate anaerobes to metronidazole
      was determined by an agar-dilution technique. Only 66% of all isolates were
      inhibited by 6.25 mug/ml, whereas 30% required larger than or equal to 50 mug/ml.
      Considerable variation in susceptibility was observed among different genera and
      species of bacteria. Fusobacterium was most senstitive, followed by Clostridium,
      Bacteroides and Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella and Acidaminococcus,
      and non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli. Bacteroides fragilis was more
      sensitive than other species of Bacteroides. Similarly, Clostridium perfringens
      was more susceptible than other species of Clostriduim. While metronidazole
      appears to be a promising antimicrobial agent for infections caused by
      Fusobacterium, Clostrididium, and B.fragilis, therapy for infections with other
      anaerobic bacteria should be guided by in vitro tests of sensitiivity.

PMID- 163868
TI  - Psittacine herpesvirus infection resembling pacheco's parrot disease.
AB  - Herpesvirus was detected by electron microscopy in hepatocytes of psittacine
      birds that died at a Florida aviary. The virus was identified in hepatocytes of
      chick embryos and budgerigars that were given injections of liver suspensions
      from naturally infected psittacines. Infected hepatocytes had prominent
      intranuclear inclusions that contained naked nucleocapsids. Both naked and
      enveloped virions were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and enveloped
      nucleocapsids occasionally were seen in the perinuclear cisternae and
      extracellularly. The experimental and spontaneous disease mimicked a condition in
      parrots described previously by Pacheco. The viral agent was classified as
      Herpesvirus on the bases of the character of the intranuclear inclusions, the
      size and conformation of the agent as determined by electron microscopy and
      filtration, and the sensitivity of the agent to ether.

PMID- 163869
TI  - Seroepidemiologic study of Epstein-Barr virus infections in a rural community.
AB  - The prevalence and titers of antibodies to capsid antigens of Epstein-Barr virus
      ad to the diffuse and restricted components of the Epstein-Barr virus-induced
      early antigen complex were determined in 109 families of a semirural community in
      Louisiana. Titers of antibody to the capsid antigens larger than or equal to 10
      were found in 84 percent of children aged two to five years, and the prevalence
      increased with age to nearly 100 percent. There was a positive but variable
      correlation of the prevalence of anti-capsid antigen reactivity with low
      socioeconomic status and crowding. An overrepresentation of high titers of
      antibody to capsid antigens was present in individuals with a past history of
      pneumonia and urinary tract infections. The geometric mean titers of antibody to
      capsid antigens were highest in early childhood, lowest in adolescence and young
      adulthood, and high in the elderly. Females in all age groups and
      tonsillectomized children showed a higher geometric mean titer than their male
      and nontonsillectomized counterparts, respectively. Antibodies to the early
      antigen complex were found rarely (8.2 percent) and only in sera with relatively
      high titers of antibody to capsid antigens.

PMID- 163870
TI  - Herpes simplex virus microneutralization: a simplification of the test.
AB  - The herpes simplex virus (HSV) microneutralization test has been simplified; its
      use has been demonstrated for the identification of HSV isolates as type 1 (HSV
      1) or type 2 (HSV-2) and for the measurement of antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2. In
      this test, the relation between the neutralization titer and virus input is
      linear, and thus test results can be expressed as corrected neutralization
      titers, rather than as the more complex neutralizing potency values previously
      proposed. By means of this test, 45 of 46 clinical isolates of HSV were
      unequivocally identified as either HSV-1 or HSV-2. Evaluation of neutralizing
      antibody to HSV infection was more difficult because some neutralizing antibody
      to the heterotypic HSV is produced after primary infection with HSV-1 or HSV-2,
      because patients previously infected with one HSV type may show a variety of
      serological responses to subsequent heterotypic infection, and because human sera
      obtained early after primary HSV infection may not yet exhibit a type-specific
      response.

PMID- 163871
TI  - Differential action of deoxynucleosides on mammalian cell cultures infected with
      herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.
AB  - Cytopathic effects induced by eight serologically defined isolates of herpes
      simplex virus type 2 (tested on human amnion cells) were markedly inhibited by
      thymidine at a concentration of 5 mM; eight serologically defined isolates of
      herpes simplex virus type 1, however, were not significantly inhibited. A similar
      effect was seen with thymidine, deoxyguanosine, and deoxycytidine at 1-mM
      concentrations in tests with rabbit kidney cultures. The inhibitory effect of
      thymidine was not blocked by the simultaneous presence of deoxycytidine, which
      has been shown by others to release mammalian cells from thymidine suppression.
      Differential suppression of herpes simplex cytopathic effects by these
      deoxynucleosides provides further evidence of biochemical differences between
      herpes simplex types 1 and 2. This phenomenon offers a basis for rapid
      differentiation of type 1 from type 2.

PMID- 163872
TI  - Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. III. Influence of the sex and strain of the
      host.
AB  - Nineteen inbred strains of male mice were infected with encephalomyocarditis
      virus. Five strains became hyperglycemic and had abnormal values in glucose
      tolerance tests; three strains remained normoglycemic but had abnormal values in
      glucose tolerance tests; and the remaining strains showed no abnormalities in
      blood glucose levels or glucose tolerance tests. Female mice from three of five
      strains tested also developed hyperglycemia, but in one strain (DBA/2) the
      hyperglycemia was less severe in females than in males. Castrated DBA/2 males
      developed less severe hyperglycemia than uncastrated males, even though the
      degree of damage to beta cells appeared to be similar in the two groups. Host
      factors apparently influence both the development and expression of virus-induced
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 163873
TI  - Temperature-sensitive viruses and the etiology of chronic and inapparent
      infections.
AB  - Several mechanisms have been put forward to explain how persistently infected
      virus-carrier cell cultures are maintained. In this report, information is
      summarized which suggests that selection of temperature-sensitive mutants may be
      involved in either establishment or maintenance of persistent infections both in
      cell cultures and in animals. The possible relation of this mechanism to other
      mechanisms of regulation of persistent infections is also discussed. Finally, a
      practical suggestion is offered to researchers and clinicians seeking endogenous
      viruses from cultured cells and tissues that may harbor temperature-sensitive
      variants.

PMID- 163874
TI  - Connective tissue activation. VII. Evidence supporting a role for prostaglandins
      and cyclic nucleotides.
AB  - Prostaglandins added to synovial cultures stimulated hyaluronic acid (HA)
      synthesis and glycolysis. The order of potency of the prostaglandins was: PGE1
      greater than PGE2 greater than PGF2alpha greater than PGF1alpha, PGE1 and PGE2,
      1.0 mug per milliliter, stimulated synovial cells, whereas F-series
      prostaglandins required 5 mug per milliliter for stimulation. Connective tissue
      activating peptide (CTAP) activation of synovial cells was markedly potentiated
      by all four prostaglandins, and by PGE1 in concentrations as low as 0.01 mug per
      milliliter. Exogenous prostaglandins caused a prompt and marked increment in
      synovial cell cyclic-AMP, while CTAP caused a delayed peak of cyclic-AMP of
      lesser magnitude. Treatment of synovial cultures with cortisol (1.0 mug per
      milliliter), cycloheximide (10 mug per milliliter), or indomethacin (15.0 mug per
      milliliter) failed to block stimulation by PGE1, 7-OXA-13-Prostynoic acid, a
      prostaglandin antagonist, substantially inhibited the action of PGE1 and
      suppressed the effect of CTAP on synovial cells. It is possible that both
      exogenous and endogenous (synovial prostaglandins are involved in the connective
      tissue activation sequence.

PMID- 163875
TI  - Anion excretion pattern following infusion of hyperoncotic human serum albumin
      into dogs.
AB  - The effects of hyperoncotic human serum albumin on the excretion rates of several
      electrolytes and cyclic-AMP were measured in mongrel dogs and the results were
      compared with those obtained after the infusion of saline. Hyperoncotic albumin
      increased the excretion rates of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and phosphate.
      There was a small increase in chloride excretion after albumin, while there was a
      significant decrease in the rate of excretion of cyclic-AMP. Saline, on the other
      hand, caused a marked increase in the rate of of excretion of all the measured
      ions. Like albumin, saline was associated with a decrease in the rate of
      excretion of cyclic-AMP. The marked increase in bicarbonate and phosphate
      excretion suggests that the response to albumin which includes decreased isotonic
      reabsorption in the proximal tubule and increased urinary sodium excretion could
      result from decreased reabsorption in the proximal tubule accompanied by distal
      sodium and chloride reabsorption. Saline, on the other hand, caused a greater
      increase in sodium excretion and, although phosphate and bicarbonate excretion
      also increased, a much greater effect on the excretion of chloride was observed,
      suggesting that saline may also decrease sodium and chloride reabsorption in the
      distal nephron.

PMID- 163876
TI  - The large-scale isolation of renin-containing granules from rabbit renal cortex
      by zonal centrifugation.
AB  - A new method for the isolation of renin-containing granules from rabbit renal
      cortex by sequential two-dimensional centrifugation is presented. A mitochondrial
      fraction produced by preparative differential centrifugation was subjected to
      isopycnic centrifugation on combined discontinuous and linear density gradients
      in the same SZ-14 reorienting gradient zonal centrifuge rotor. Renin activity, as
      assayed by radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I, was localized in a region of the
      density gradient with a corresponding density of 1.196 Gm. per cubic centimeter
      or 1.53 M sucrose. The renin-containing granules were enriched 5.0-fold over
      whole homogenate levels, while peroxisomes were enriched 17.4-fold, lysosomes
      23.4-fold, and mitochondria 4.3-fold. Electron microscopic examination of the
      fraction with highest renin activity showed a granular fraction almost free of
      contamination from other subcellular material. The data supports the view that
      renin-containing granules are a distinct subcellular particle. This new method
      for the large-scale isolation of renin-containing granules makes it possible to
      obtain the quantity of material necessary to study the release renin at the
      subcellular level and permit the further biochemical purification and
      characterization of the enzyme.

PMID- 163877
TI  - Studies on the binding of 125I-labelled corticotrophin to isolated rat
      adrenocortical cells.
AB  - Isolated adrenocortical cells, prepared by collagenase disaggregation of normal
      rat adrenal glands, have been used to study the binding characteristics of 125I
      labelled corticotrophin (ACTH) of established biological activity. The binding of
      the labelled hormone to these whole cells was highly specific, only peptides
      possessing steroidogenic activity displaced the labelled hormone. Binding was
      rapid, being complete within 5 min of adding the hormone, and the amount of
      hormone bound remained constant for up to 20 min thereafter. Over the range 160
      10000pg ACTH/ml, increased binding of the hormone was observed at all
      concentrations of hormone which stimulated steroidogenesis. However at levels of
      ACTH which stimulated maximal steroidogenesis there was no saturation of binding.
      This provides the first direct evidence for the existence of 'spare receptors'
      for ACTH on whole adrenocortical cells. Scatchard analysis of the binding data
      suggests that there are two types of receptor for ACTH in this preparation of
      cells. One receptor is of high affinity (dissociation constant equals 2-5 times
      10-10 mol/l) with about 3000 sites/cell and the other is of lower affinity
      (dissociation constant equals 1 times 10-8 mol/l) with about 30000 sites/cell.

PMID- 163878
TI  - Unbound plasma cortisol response to adrenal stimulation in pregnancy.

PMID- 163879
TI  - Inhibition of oestradiol binding to mouse uterine and vaginal oestrogen receptors
      by triphenylethylenes.

PMID- 163880
TI  - Adrenocorticotrophin and the development of insulin secretion in the rabbit
      foetus.
AB  - Foetal rabbits were injected with adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), decapitated, or
      decapitated and injected simultaneously with ACTH or cortisol in utero on day 24
      of gestation. The foetuses were killed after Caesarian section on day 29, and
      blood was collected for measurement of plasma insulin concentration and
      pancreatic tissue was obtained for incubation in physiological buffer. Insulin
      release from the pancreatic tissue of decapitated foetuses was significantly
      greater than that from the pancreas of control litter-mates when incubated in
      media containing 3-3mM-glucose, 16-5mM-glucose or 16-5mM-glucose plus 5 mug
      glucagon/ml, but was similar when the incubation medium contained 3-3 or 16-5 mM
      glucose plus 1 mM-theophylline or 3-3mM-glucose plus 60 mM-potassium. The
      pancreata of decapitated or intact foetuses injected with ACTH did not differ
      significantly from control foetuses in terms of insulin release in response to
      glucose in vitro. The plasma insulin concentration of decapitated foetuses and
      decapitated foetuses injected with ACTH was raised, whereas that of intact
      foetuses injected with ACTH was similar to that of the control foetuses. Cortisol
      injection at the time of decapitation resulted in a high rate of foetal
      mortality. The results indicate that foetal ACTH or foetal adrenocortical
      secretion influences the normal development of glucose-mediated insulin secretion
      in the rabbit and that exogenous ACTH corrects the effect of decapitation on beta
      cell function in vitro but not on plasma insulin concentration.

PMID- 163881
TI  - Proceedings: Structure-activity relationship of various steroids in the feedback
      control of corticotrophin secretion.

PMID- 163882
TI  - Effects of hypothalamic extract and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate on
      follicle-stimulating hormone production in the rat adenohypophysis in vitro.
AB  - An assay system, using the characteristic migration of follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH) on polyacrylamide gels, was developed to evaluate the effects of
      hypothalamic factors on amino acid incorporation into FSH in the rat
      adenohypophysis incubated in vitro. Follicle-stimulating hormone extracted from
      rat pituitary secretory granules was found to migrate on 7-5% polyacrylamide
      gels, pH 9-5, as a protein with an Rf of 0-614. The characteristic Rf was used to
      measure [14C]amino acid incorpotation into FSH in rat adenohypophyses in vitro.
      Follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis increased after addition of crude
      hypothalamic extract to the incubation medium. Hormone synthesis was also
      increased three times after the addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP.

PMID- 163883
TI  - Comparative effect of insulin and explanted adrenal medullary tissue and rat
      adrenal medulla in situ.
AB  - The adrenal medulla and explanted medullary cells in the anterior chamber of the
      eye were examined 3 h after the administration of insulin to rats. No alterations
      were seen in the explanted cells. In the adrenal medulla, light and electron
      microscopy indicated depletion of adrenaline cells; noradrenaline cells were not
      affected. Levels of catecholamines were three times higher in the explanted
      tissue after insulin treatment; in the medulla in situ they declined by 70%.
      These results confirm that insulin has no direct releasing effect on chromaffin
      cells.

PMID- 163884
TI  - Urinary steroid excretion in an oophorectomized and adrenalectomized woman in the
      second trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 163885
TI  - Biochemical evidence linking the GIX thymocyte surface antigen to the gp69/71
      envelope glycoprotein of murine leukemia virus.
AB  - It is known that the thymocyte surface antigen GIX is found in some strains of
      mice and not others, and that its expression in mice of strain 129, in which most
      extensive genetic studies have been made, is controlled by two unlinked cellular
      chromosomal loci. We have now isolated a protein with a mol wt of approximately
      70,000 daltons from the surface of thymocytes from 129 mice, which have antigenic
      and biochemical properties characteristic of the gp69/71 envelope component of
      murine leukemia virus. Our evidence is compatible with the conclusion that it
      carries the GIX antigen.

PMID- 163886
TI  - The influence of intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides on cell proliferation
      and the induction of antibody synthesis.
AB  - The intracellular ratio of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) to
      guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) may control the developmental
      pathway followed by antibody-forming cell (AFC) precursors. The evidence for this
      is derived from several different types of experiments. First lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) which is mitogenic for B lymphocytes, stimulates rapid, transient changes
      in intracellular levels of cyclic GMP but not cyclic AMP when added to mouse
      spleen cultures. Cyclic GMP itself stimulates DNA synthesis in these cultures,
      suggesting that the intracellular changes in cyclic GMP levels are involved in
      the mitogenic signal delivered by LPS to cells. The absolute amounts of cyclic
      nucleotides may vary widely in different cells under various conditions, however,
      the intracellular ratio of cyclic AMP to cyclic GMP is always high in nondividing
      cells and low in dividing cells. AFC precursors appear to respond to antigen in
      the absence of T-cell activity by inactivation (1-7). In the response to antigen
      in the presence of specific T cells, precursor cells proliferate and mature to
      AFC. Raising intracellular levels of cyclic AMP inhibits cell proliferation and
      leads to precursor cell inactivation (14, 15). It is suggested that the
      interaction of antigen with immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of precursors
      cells leads to the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity and initiates the
      inactivation pathway. Since cyclic GMP stimulates immune responses in T-cell
      depleted cultures (14, 15) and increasing cyclic GMP levels appear to be involved
      in the delivery of a mitogenic signal to cells, it is suggested that T-helper
      cells deliver a signal to precursor cells via the stimulation of guanylate
      cyclase to initiate the inductive pathway. It is suggested that it is the
      intracellular ratio of cyclic AMP to cyclic GMP that regulates the fate of
      precursor cells, not the absolute level of one cyclic nucleotide.

PMID- 163887
TI  - Pathogenesis of of cytomegalovirus infection. I. Activation of virus from bone
      marrow-derived lymphocytes by in vitro allogenic reaction.
AB  - After infection in utero or at birth with a cell culture adapted strain of mouse
      cytomegalovirus (MCMV), several mouse strains developed a latent virus infection
      in the presence of specific antiviral antibodies. Up to 5 mo after infection,
      MCMV could be activated and recovered from spleen lymphocytes of the infected
      animals that were co-cultivated with histoincompatible (H-2 foreign) mouse embryo
      cells from uninfected animals. In contrast, co-cultivation of lymphoid cells from
      infected mice with mouse embryo cells from syngeneic, histocompatible (H-2
      similar) donors did not activate MCMV. Similarly, MCMV was not recovered from
      sonicated lymphoid cells. Virus was activated by treating viable lymphoid cells
      with lipopolysaccharide, a B-cell mitogen, but was not activated by a variety of
      other mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen.
      Subsequent purification of lymphoid cells from the infected mice by a variety of
      techniques indicated that MCMV was harbored in the B-lymphocyte population.

PMID- 163888
TI  - Isotope kinetics of human skin cholesterol secretion.
AB  - Specific radioactivity (SA) time curves of plasma and skin surface cholesterol
      collected at several skin areas were recorded in 10 patients on formula diets
      after single intravenous injections of radioactive cholesterol. Earliest
      detectable radioactivity on skin surface was found in 4-6 days; depending on the
      skin site, SA's peaked in 13-75 days. SA's of free cholesterol were almost always
      higher than those of esterified cholesterol. The general forms of the SA time
      curves were in keeping with the idea that plasma cholesterol is carried to the
      skin surface in association with the epidermal and sebaceous cells, whereby (a)
      cholesterol synthesized de novo is mixed with derived from plasma and (b)
      appearances of plasma cholesterol on the skin surface is delayed by a time factor
      that corresponds to the movement of epidermal and sebaceous cells from the basal
      layer to the skin surface. The shorter mean transit times of plasma cholesterol
      on skin areas rich in sebaceous glands (22-24 days on the head) than on those
      poor in these glands (38 days on forearms and 72 days on feet) suggest that
      cholesterol passes faster through the sebaceous glands than through the
      epidermis, and faster through thin than thick epidermis. The fraction of skin
      surface cholesterol (f) that is derived from plasma cholesterol was estimated by
      three independent methods, and comparable results were obtained. Values of f were
      lower on skin areas rich in sebaceous glands (0.29-0.46 on forehead) than on
      areas poor in these glands (0.41-0.70 for forearms; 0.60 on feet) and lower for
      esterified (0.27-0.33) than for free (0.39-0.48) cholesterol. These data suggest
      that higher proportions of sebaceous gland and of esterified cholesterol,
      respectively, are synthesized de novo than epidermal and of free cholesterol. In
      two patients it was possible to calculate that f of total skin surface
      cholesterol was 0.49 and 0.37, respectively, and that the maximum amount of
      plasma cholesterol lost through the skin was 29 and 22 mg/day, respectively.
      Knowing the total daily excretion of total neutral and acidic steroids in feces
      in these patients, and assuming a total daily urinary steroid excretion 50 mg, we
      estimated that no more than 3.2% of total steroid excretion occurred via the
      skin.

PMID- 163890
TI  - Threshold phenomena in chemoreception and taxis in slime mold Physarum
      polycephalum.
AB  - The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum reacts to various kinds of chemicals
      substances and moves towards or away from them. Threshold concentration of
      recognition of chemicals was examined in terms of membrane potential and of the
      averaged motive force of tactic movement by using a double-chamber method, i.e.,
      a single plasmodium was placed between two compartments through a narrow ditch,
      and differences in membrane potential and in pressure between two compartments
      were measured. Results are summarized as follows: (a) By increasing the
      concentration of various substances in one compartment, the membrane potential
      started to change at a certain threshold concentration, C-th, for each chemical.
      Chemotactic movement of the plasmodium took place at the same threshold
      concentration. These results held both for attractants (glucose, galactose,
      phosphates, pyrophosphates, ATP, c-AMP, etc) and for repellents (various
      inorganic salts, sucrose, fructose, etc.). (b) The threshold concentration, Cth,
      for inorganic salts decreased remarkably with increase of the valences of
      cations, zeta, and was proportional to Z-6, I.E., THE Shultze-Hardy rule known in
      the field of colloid chemistry was found to be applicable. (c) The plasmodium
      distinguished the species of monovalent cations in the following order:
      H(Li(K(Na(Rb(Cs(NH-4 Plots of log Cth against the lyotropic number of anion fell
      on different straight lines for each monovalent cation species. (d) Plots of log
      Cth, against the reciprocal of the absolute tempe lines were almost the same and
      gave a value of 12 kcal/mol for the enthalpy change. These results suggest that
      the recognition of chemical substances appears as the result of a structural
      change of the membrane at the threshold point, and that the change in membrane
      structure is transmitted simultaneously to the motile system of the plasmodium.

PMID- 163889
TI  - Regulation of protein phosphorylation and sodium transport in toad bladder.
AB  - It is well established that active sodium-ion transport and water flow across
      isolated toad bladder are increased by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and by cAMP.
      These agents were also observed in previous studies to cause changes in the
      amount of radioactive phosphate in a specific protein in the toad bladder. This
      protein, found by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of toad bladder
      epithelial preparations, had an apparent molecular weight of 49,000 daltons. In
      the present study, a correlation was found between the ability of a variety of
      substances to affect the amount of radioactive phosphate in this 40,000-dalton
      protein and their ability to alter the rate of sodium transport. Thus several
      agents (ADH, cAMP, theophylline, adenine, prostaglandin E1, and Mn Cl-2) caused a
      decrease in the amount of radioactive phosphate in the 49,000-dalton protein and
      also stimulated active sodium transport across the bladder. Conversely, ZnCl-2
      produced an increase in the amount of radioactive phosphate in this protein and
      an inhibition of sodium transport. With each of these agents, the time-course of
      change in phosphorylation of this protein was, in general, similar to that for
      sodium transport. A second phosphoprotein, with an apparent molecular weight of
      about 42,000 daltons, showed changes in parallel with, but less extensive than,
      those observed in the 49,000 dalton protein. There was no consistent relationship
      between changes in level of phosphorylation of either in the 49,000- or 42,000-
      dalton protein and changes in osmotic water permeability. The results are
      compatible with the possibility that regulation by ADH and by cAMP of sodium
      transport in the toad bladder epithelium may be mediated through regulation of
      the amount of phosphate in a specific protein.

PMID- 163891
TI  - A dual synaptic effect on hair cells in Hermissenda.
AB  - Type A photorecptors can produce an initial hyperpolarizing wave followed by a
      delayed long-lasting increase in firing which is usually accompanied by a small
      depolarizing wave. The initial hyperpolarizing wave arises from an increase in
      conductance while the depolarizing wave was shown to arise from a decrease in
      conductance. The data presented indicate that both effects produced by the type A
      photoreceptors in ipsilateral hair cells are synaptic.

PMID- 163893
TI  - Disturbances in the voluntary recruitment order of anterior tibial motor units in
      ataxia.
AB  - The recruitment order of motor units was studied with an electromyographic
      technique for secure identification of single motor unit potentials. It has been
      shown in previous studies of normal subjects that the recruitment order in
      sustained voluntary contraction is predominantly stable, and that motor units
      which increase slowly in discharge rate with increasing contraction strength and
      which already attain regular discharge intervals at low frequencies are always
      recruited before motor units which increase more rapidly in discharge rate and
      which do not attain regular discharge intervals until at higher frequencies. In
      this study 15 patients with severe cerebellar ataxia were examined. It was shown
      that the recruitment order in sustained voluntary contraction in attaxia is
      unstable and that low- and high-frequency motor units may alternate as the unit
      of lowest threshold.

PMID- 163892
TI  - Study of sensitivity to curare in certain neurological disorders using a regional
      technique.
AB  - A regional technique for the study of curare sensitivity has been applied to
      patients with Duchenne type muscular dystrophy, myotonic disorders, certain lower
      motor neurone disorders, to patients with weakness in the arm after hemiplegia,
      to patients with hyper-reflexia and hypertonia without weakness, and to
      Parkinsonism. In the dystrophy patients, sensitivity to curare differs from
      normal controls in that the neuromuscular block persists. The possibilities that
      this latent defect of neuromuscular transmission is the result of acetylcholine
      deficiency due to a prejunctional defect or the result of alterations in the
      property of the postjunctional membrane are discussed. In the myotonic and lower
      motor neurone disorders, curare sensitivity was similar to that of normal
      controls. After hemiplegia, the affected side shows resistance to curare when
      compared with the unaffected side. In states of hyper-reflexia and hypertonia,
      however, the sensitivity to curare is greater than in normal controls. In
      Parkinsonism, sensitivity is similar to that of the controls. The results in
      upper motor neurone lesions are discussed in relation to the dependence of
      neuromuscular transmission upon the motor neurone, which, in turn, is dependent
      upon descending impulses.

PMID- 163894
TI  - Adrenocortical insufficiency and diffuse cerebral sclerosis. Problems of
      presentation and diagnosis.
AB  - Three cases of adrenocortical insufficiency with diffuse cerebral sclerosis are
      described. One, which was confirmed by brain biopsy, had a family history of the
      combined disorder affecting members of a previous generation; this has not been
      previously reported; however pathological confirmation of the diagnosis in the
      earlier cases was not available. Two cases presented as acute neurosurgical
      emergencies and attention is drawn to this mode of presentation. Problems of
      aetiology, presentation and diagnosis are discussed and the finding of normal
      basal steroid levels is stressed.

PMID- 163895
TI  - Establishment of continuous multiple sclerosis brain cultures after
      transformation with PML-SV40 virus.
AB  - PML-SV40 virus was used to transform cells from explants and monolayer
      subcultures of human brain derived from biopsies or autopsies of MS cases, as
      well as from 1 case of Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease (JC), 1 case of amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis (ALS) and several cases without CNS disease. The success of
      transformation depended on the growth condition of the culture at the time of
      infection but at present at least 14 cell lines, 10 derived from MS, 2 from JC, 1
      from ALS and 1 from a normal non-CNS patient are maintained in continuous
      culture.

PMID- 163896
TI  - Zebra body myopathy. Clinical, histochemical and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - Clinical, electrophysiological and histological evidence is presented of a
      myopathy not previously described. The patient, aged 15 years, was generally weak
      and wasted. His condition probably began in utero, but abnormalities of the serum
      CPK and EMG did not become evident until adolescence. Wide variation in fibre
      diameter, vacuolation, calcification, increased endomysial connective tissue and
      intra-fibre splitting were prominent in muscle biopsy sections. Electron
      microscopy showed numerous rod bodies, fibre disorganisation with loss of Z-bands
      and occasional honeycomb structures. Frequent zebra bodies were present. Because
      of the large number of zebra bodies seen, the name "zebra body myopathy" is
      provisionally proposed.

PMID- 163897
TI  - Experimental intracerebral movement of electron microscopic tracers of various
      molecular sizes.
AB  - The authors demonstrate that, while the intracerebral movement of proteins and
      other relatively large molecules is restricted by tight junctions of endothelia
      and epithelia of the brain, calcium ion penetrates these barriers and moves
      between the blood and CSF cavities by extracellular pathways. Mechanisms
      underlying  CSF formation are considered on the basis of this anatomical
      continuity of the vascular, extracellular, and CSF compartments of the brain for
      very small molecules.

PMID- 163898
TI  - Differentiation of Entamoeba: a new medium and optimal conditions for axenic
      encystation of E. invadens.
AB  - Nutritional and culturing requirements for efficient axenic encystation of
      Entamoeba invadens have been studied. A simple and reliable axenic encystation
      medium has been developed. It contains 0.5% tryptic digest of casein, 0.5% yeast
      extract, and 5% dialyzed serum in 5 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.0. Mass
      encystation (avg 70%) occurred within 30 hr when axenically growing trophozoites
      of E. invadens IP-l were transferred to this medium before they entered
      stationary growth phase. Mass encystation of E. invadens PZ occurred similarly,
      but less reproducibly. Two E. histolytica strains did not encyst. Experiments
      established that differentiation did not depend upon changes in the external
      environment after amebase were transferred to encystation medium and, therefore,
      was initiated by the shift from growth to encystation medium.

PMID- 163899
TI  - Cholelithiasis and ileal pathology in childhood.
AB  - Primary cholelithiasis is rare in childhood. A particular etiology has appeared
      over the last few years in connection with unusual physiological situations.
      Three cases of cholelithiasis after ileal atresia or resection are presented in
      children of 1, 1, and 7 yr. Another case is presented after abdominal irradiation
      for Wilms' tumor and ileal resection in a child of 7. The pathogenesis is
      discussed, raising the question of the interruption of the enterohepatic
      circulation of bile salts.

PMID- 163900
TI  - Islet cell tumors in childhood.
AB  - Islet cell tumors in children are briefly reviewed. Three of the total of 53
      children reported in the literature are described in detail. Special emphasis is
      directed to localization of the tumor by angiography. The difficulties of
      localizing the tumor in neonates is discussed. Treatment consists in excision of
      the insulinoma or, if it is not possible to localize the tumor, in subtotal or
      total pancreatectomy.

PMID- 163901
TI  - Wilms' tumor in seven children with congenital aniridia.
AB  - This report reviews our experience with 26 infants and children who demonstrate
      the syndrome of congenital aniridia. Twenty patients exhibited congenital
      sporadic aniridia, and unilateral Wilms' tumor has developed in seven of them.
      Six of the total of 26 patients had familial aniridia and none has shown evidence
      of the development of a Wilms' tumor or any other malignant tumor to date.
      Fraumeni studied 15 patients with congenital sporadic aniridia. Five developed
      Wilms' tumors. In the combined series of 35 patients with congenital sporadic
      aniridia, 12 patients have developed  Wilms' tumor for an incidence of 34%. A
      brief review of our experience and a suggested protocol for the evaluation of
      patients with congenital aniridia is presented.

PMID- 163902
TI  - Studies of herpes simplex virus and interferon in human gingival cell cultures.
AB  - Cultures of human gingival fibroblast cells from patients with a positive or
      negative history of recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection were compared
      with respect to susceptibility to HSV infection and interferon activity. There
      was a possible inverse relationship between interferon sensitivity of gingival
      fibroblast cells and a clinical history of recurrent disease. No correlation was
      found between prior infection and other parameters of interferon activity or
      susceptibility of the cells to HSV.

PMID- 163903
TI  - Presence of nonoxidative enzymes of the pentose phosphate shunt in Tetrahymena.
AB  - Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain HSM, do not have glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      or 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, but contain transaldolase, transketolase,
      ribose 5-phosphate isomerase, ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase, and ribokinase. 
      The nonoxidative enzymes of the pentose phosphate shunt function in metabolism as
      indicated by the incorporation of label from [1-14C]ribose into CO2 and glycogen
      and by the increase in total glycogen content of cultures supplemented with
      ribose.

PMID- 163904
TI  - Effects of ACTH on the uterine weight response to HCG in mice.
AB  - The effects of ACTH and dexamethasone on the uterine weight of immature mice
      treated with HCG or oestradiol-17 beta were studied. The animals were treated
      daily for 3 days and wet and dry uterine weights were measured on the 4th day.
      Low doses of ACTH (1-25 mug/day) raised the sensitivity of the uterine weight
      response to threshold doses of HCG (0-05 to 0-1 i.u.). By increasing the doses of
      ACTH or HCG, the stimulation gradually turned into inhibition. By itself, ACTH
      was ineffective and it had no influence on the increase in uterine weight induced
      by oestradiol-17 beta. Dexamethasone failed to stimulate the effect of HCG.

PMID- 163905
TI  - Prolonged antioestrogenic activity of ICI 46, 474 in the ovariectomized mouse.
AB  - Subcutaneous administration of ICI 46,474 (3 mg) to ovariectomized mice was found
      to produce vaginal refractoriness to subcutaneously administered oestradiol for
      up to 6 weeks. Tritiated oestradiol-17 beta accumulated in the uterus and vagina
      of the ovariectomized mouse, with maximum accumulation at 3 to 4 hr. This
      property of the target tissues was used to investigate the binding of tritiated
      oestradiol after the administration of 3 mg ICI 46,474 to ovariectomized mice.
      Radioactivity in the vagina was found to be comparable to control values 6 weeks
      after ICI 46,474 administration; uterine levels of radioactivity returned to
      control values by 10 weeks. Administration of ICI 46,474 had an oestrogenic
      effect upon the mouse uterus whereas the vagina appeared to be initially
      stimulated and was then unable to respond to or to bind oestradiol.

PMID- 163906
TI  - Effects of glucose starvation on normal and rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick
      cells.
AB  - We studied the effect of glucose starvation on glucose uptake and thymidine
      uptake and incorporation in cultures of normal chicken embryo cells and those
      transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. Resting normal fibroblasts increased the rate
      of glucose transport up to tenfold when they were starved for glucose, whereas
      fast-growing normal cells doubled the rate of uptake after starvation.
      Transformed cells did not show any change in the rate of glucose uptake during
      starvation. Thymidine uptake and incorporation by normal and transformed cells
      were not affected by glucose starvation. These results showed that a decrease in
      the glucose concentration of the medium induced a specific increase in the rate
      of glucose transport by normal chick fibroblasts, but did not change the
      transport of glucose by transformed cells. Therefore, it is suggested that
      glucose or one of its metabolic products regulated the hexose uptake of normal
      chick fibroblasts. Virus-transformed cells were insensitive to this regulation.

PMID- 163907
TI  - Fibrillar bodies in hepatocyte nuclei during the course of the toxic hepatitis
      produced by frog virus 3 in mice.

PMID- 163908
TI  - Ultrastructure of gliosomes in ependymal cells of the lizard.

PMID- 163909
TI  - "Secretory end-feet"--axon terminals of unusual cytological character and
      probable neuroglandular significance in Nereis (Polychaeta; Annelida).

PMID- 163910
TI  - [Photoelectron emission microscope and immunofluorescence].

PMID- 163911
TI  - Translation of individual species of vesicular stomatitis viral mRNA.
AB  - Vesicular stomatitis virus mRNAs from three of the four bands fractionated by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 99% formamide have been eluted from gels
      and translated in the Krebs II ascites cell-free system. Band 2 mRNA (0.7 times
      10-6 daltons) directed the synthesis of the protein moiety of the glycoprotein
      (G), and band 3 (0.55 times 10-6 daltons) coded for the nucleocapsid (N) protein.
      Band 4 mRNA (o.28 times 10-6 daltons) directed the synthesis of the NS and matrix
      (M) proteins. The authenticity of viral proteins synthesized in vitro was shown
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by analysis of
      (35-S)metionine-labeled tryptic peptides. These results are consistent with the
      complexity analysis and coding capacities for the vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA
      species presented in the accompanying paper.

PMID- 163912
TI  - Translation and identification of the viral mRNA species isolated from
      subcellular fractions of vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells.
AB  - The cytoplasm of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected BHK cells has been
      separated into a fraction containing the membrane-bound polysomes and the
      remaining supernatant fraction. Total poly(A)-containing RNA was isolated from
      each fraction and purified. A 17S class of VSV mRNA was found associated almost
      exclusively with the membrane-bound polysomes, whereas 14,5S and 12S RNAs were
      found mostly in the postmembrane cytoplasmic supernatant. Poly(A)-containing VSV
      RNA synthesized in vitro by purified virus was resolved into the same size
      classes. The individual RNA fractions isolated from VSV-infected cells or
      synthesized in vitro were translated in cell-free extracts of wheat germ, and
      their polypeptide products were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      slab gel electrophoresis. The corresponding in vivo and in vitro RNA fractions
      qualitatively direct the synthesis of the same viral polypeptides and therefore
      appear to contain the same mRNA species. By tryptic peptide analysis of their
      translation products, the in vivo VSV mRNA species have been identified. The 17S
      RNA, which is compartmentalized on membrane-bound polysomes, codes for a protein
      of molecular weight 63,000 (P-63) which is most probably a nonglycosylated form
      of the viral glycoprotein, G. Of the viral RNA species present in the remaining
      cytoplasmic supernatant, the 14.5S RNA codes almost exclusively for the N
      protein, whereas the 12S RNA codes predominantly for both the NS and M proteins
      of the virion.

PMID- 163913
TI  - Mosquito cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus yield unsialylated
      virions of low infectivity.
AB  - Vesicular stomatitis virus propagated in and released from Aedes albopictus cells
      had the normal complement of viral proteins; the glycoprotein contained
      carbohydrate but no sialic acid. These virions had markedly reduced
      hemagglutinating activity and exhibited a very high ratio of physical particles
      to infectious virus. In vitro sialylation of vesicular stomatitis virions grown
      in mosquito cells resulted in a 100-fold increase in both infectivity and
      hemagglutination titers to levels approaching those of virus grown in BHK-21
      cells. These experiments provide an example of host-controlled modification of
      viral infectivity.

PMID- 163914
TI  - Host-dependent restriction of mengovirus replication. IV. Effect of some
      quaternary ammonium ions on the restricted replication of mengovirus in Madin
      Darby bovine kidney cells.
AB  - The quaternary ammonium ions, choline, hexamethonium, and tetraethylammonium,
      partially reliev the restricted replication of mengovirus in Madin-Darby bovine
      kidney cells.

PMID- 163915
TI  - Influenza virion RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: stimulation by guanosine and
      related compounds.
AB  - The activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several influenza viruses is
      stimulated by guanosine. Depending upon the virus strain used, the stimulation of
      initial reaction rate is up to 10-fold. 5'-GMP, 3',5'-cyclic GMP, and 5'-GDP show
      lesser stimulation effects. No other nucleosides of 5'-NMPs stimulate, but the
      dinucleoside monophosphates GpG and GpC show large stimulations. We present
      evidence that the stimulation represents preferential initiation of genome
      complementary RNA chains with guanosine: (i) [3-H] guanosine is incorporated
      specifically at the 5'terminus of RNA in polymerase reaction mixes in vitro. (ii)
      This incorporation reaction has several properties similar to those of the virion
      polymerase elongation reaction. (iii) RNA made in the stimulated reaction behaves
      as complementary RNA in annealing kinetic studies, as does RNA labeled with [3
      H]guanosine.

PMID- 163916
TI  - RNA synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. X. Properties of viral
      symmetric transcripts and of double-stranded RNA prepared from them.
AB  - HEp-2 cells infected with herpes simplex 1 virus contain RNA transcripts capable
      of forming double-stranded (DS) RNA on annealing. The properties of purified DS
      RNA were as follows (i) DS RNA is resistant to depolymerization by RNase A or T-1
      in 2 times 0.15 M NaCl, plus 0.015 M sodium citrate (SSC) but not 0.1 times SSC
      or following thermal denaturation. (ii) The Tm of the viral DS RNA was 100 C in
      0.1 times SSC. (iii) Undenatured DS RNA does not hybridize with viral DNA: upon
      denaturation, excess unlabeled RNA drove 50 to 55% of labeled DNA into DNA-RNA
      hybrid. The kinetics of hybridization indicate that the DS RNA consists of at
      least two populations of transcripts arising from 29 and 26% of viral DNA and
      differing 40-fold in molar concentration.

PMID- 163917
TI  - Structure and function of herpesvirus genomes. I. comparison of five HSV-1 and
      two HSV-2 strains by cleavage their DNA with eco R I restriction endonuclease.
AB  - The restriction endonuclease Eco R I cleaves HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA into specific
      fragments that can be resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis. Comparison of HSV
      1 strains KOS, 14-012, MP, F, and CI 101, and HSV-2 strains 333 and 186, suggests
      that the DNAs from type 1 strains are similar but not identical, and that the
      type 2 strains differ greatly from type 1 strains. The molecular lengths of the
      fragments have been determined by electron microscopy and can be used to
      calibrate gel electrophoretic analyses of DNA fragments.

PMID- 163919
TI  - Nongenetic complementation of group V temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular
      stomatitis virus by UV-irradiated virus.
AB  - Cells infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of complementation group V
      of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) give an enhanced yield at nonpermissive
      temperature when co-infected or superinfected with UV-irradiated virus. Virions
      produced in these mixed infections are temperature sensitive and do not
      complement ts V45. Rescue of group V mutants is multiplicity dependent. It can
      occur in the presence of cycloheximide; kinetics of rescue are similar in the
      absence or in the presence of the drug. Rescue is due to nongenetic
      complementation and is interpreted as a trigger effect on maturation of a small
      quantity of biologically active protein V molecules provided by UV-irradiated
      virus. These results are comfirmed by rescue of ts V45 by UV-irradiated,
      defective, interferring T particles.

PMID- 163918
TI  - In vitro polyoma DNA synthesis: inhibition by 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl CTP.
AB  - The effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl CTP (ara-CTP) on DNA replication were
      studied in an in vitro system from polyoma-infected BALB/3T3 cells. Ara-CTP
      concentrations of larger than or equal to 150 muM were found to block in vitro
      DNA synthesis  completely, and concentrations of smaller than or equal to 0.3 muM
      had no inhibitory effect. Intermediate concentrations resulted in a concentration
      dependent reduction of the in vitro synthesis rate. Long-term labeling with
      [alpha-32-P]ara-CTP demonstrated the incorporation of the analogue into cellular
      and viral DNA concomitantly with [3-H]TTP. In pulse-labeling experiments, at
      noninhibitory concentrations of the analogue, ara-CTP was incorporated into short
      DNA fragments and long growing strands to relatively the same extent as TTP.
      Partial venom phosphodiesterase digestion liberated the incoporated are-CTP at
      essentially the same rate as incorporated TTP, excluding a predominantly terminal
      incorporation, and after total venom phosphodiesterase digestion greater than 80%
      of the incorporated ara-CTP was recovered as 5'-ara-CMP. Analysis of the long
      term in vitro viral DNA product made in the presence of partially inhibiting ara
      CTP concentrations demonstrated that none of the steps leading to mature viral
      DNA were totally inhibited at the ara-CTP concentrations used. Pulse labeling of
      replicating viral DNA in the presence of ara-CTP revealed two consistent
      differences in the pattern found in control pulses: (i) predominant labeling of
      short chains (5S) with reduced amounts of radioactivity in the longer growing
      viral DNA strands (smaller than or equal to 16S), and (ii) a one-third to one
      half reduction in size for short DNA chains labeled in the presence of ara-CTP.
      Release of the ara-CTP inhibition with excess dCTP resulted in covalent extension
      of these smaller short chans to approximately the size of regular short chains
      labeled in the absence of the inhibitor. Isolated short chains synthesized in the
      presence of ara-CTP exhibited a slightly lower degree of self-complementarity
      than regular short chains. The predominant labeling of short chains during pulses
      is, therefore, not a consequence of discontinuous growth on both sides of the
      replication fork. Similar results were obtained with ara-ATP and N
      ethylmaleimide. The experiments indicate that ara-CTP acts primarily on DNA
      polymerizing activities, affecting different DNA polymerases to varying degrees.
      The results are discussed in terms of the possible number and identity of
      polymerases involved in viral (and cellular) DNA replication.

PMID- 163920
TI  - Temperature-sensitive host range mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2.
AB  - Herpesviruses are capable of several types of infection of a host cell. To
      investigate the early events which ultimately determine the nature of the virus
      host cell interaction, a system was established utilizing temperature-sensitive
      mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2. Four mutants have been isolated which
      fail to induce cytopathic effects and do not replicate at 39 C in hamster embryo
      fibroblast cells. At least one mutant is virus DNA negative. Since intracellular
      complementation is detectable between pairs of mutants, a virus function is known
      to be temperature sensitive. However, all four mutants induce cytopathic effects
      and replicate to parental virus levels in rabbit kidney cells at 39 C. This
      suggests that a host cell function, lacking or nonfunctional in HEF cells but
      present in rabbit kidney cells at 39 C, is required for the replication of these
      mutants in hamster embryo fibroblasts cells at 39 C. Therefore, we conclude that
      these mutants are both temperature sensitive and exhibit host range properties.

PMID- 163921
TI  - Virion polypeptide composition of the human papovavirus BK: comparison with
      simian virus 40 and polyoma virus.
AB  - The polypeptide composition of labeled BK virus was compared with that of simian
      virus 40 (SV40) and polyoma virus by co-electrophoresis of disrupted virions in
      polyacrylamide gels containing approximately 73% of the capsid protein and had a
      molecular weight of 39,000. It was smaller than VP1 of SV40  and polyoma virus.
      The other polypeptides of BK virus were similar in molecular weight to those of
      SV40. A comparison of the proteins of BK virus and SV40 iodinated with chloramine
      T before and after disruption in alkaline buffer at pH 10.5 revealed differences
      between the two viruses in the number and distribution of tyrosines available for
      iodination. The tryptic peptides of VP1, VP3, VP4, and VP5 combined of SV40 were
      compared with those of the same polypeptides of BK virus. Among the 19 peptides
      of VP1 resolved, only two were common to both viruses. The analyses of VP4 and
      VP5, the histone-like proteins, however, showed more similarity between the
      viruses, with 6 of 15 resolved peptides in common. The tryptic digests of VP3
      were completely different.

PMID- 163922
TI  - RNA metabolism of murine leukemia virus II. Endogenous virus-specific RNA in the
      uninfected BALB/c cell line JLS-V9.
AB  - Type C virus-specific RNA sequences of BALB/c endogenous virus were detected in
      JLS-V9 cells (an uninfected BALB/c derived line) by annealing cell RNA with 3-H
      labeled virus-specific DNA. Endogenous viruses used in preparing the 3-H-labeled
      DNA (mostly xenotropic) was prepared from JLS-V9 cells induced to produce virus
      with iododeoxyuridine. In whole-cell extracts, two virus-specific RNA species,
      38S and 27S, were detected. No 60 to 70S virus-specific RNA was found. The same
      two species of virus-specific RNA were observed in isolated cytoplasmic RNA and
      in cytoplasmic RNA selected for polyadenylic acid-containing species by binding
      and elution from oligo(dT) cellulose. Very little, if any, of the virus-specific
      RNA was active as messenger RNA on polyribosomes. No virus-specific RNA
      transcribed from genes coding for the BALB/c endogenous N-tropic virus was
      detected, since 3-H-labeled DNA prepared from endogenous N-tropic virus did not
      hybridize measurably with JLS-V9 RNA.

PMID- 163923
TI  - Host-dependent restriction of mengovirus replication. II. Effect of host
      restriction on late viral RNA synthesis and viral maturation.
AB  - Restricted mengovirus replication in Mandin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells is
      characterized by a 400-fold reduction in infectious virus yield and a 40-fold
      increase in the production of noninfectious virus. Using conditions which insure
      that all MDBK cells are infected, virus-specific RNA and protein synthesis were
      measured in the restrictive host and in a permissive host for mengovirus, HeLa
      cells. Labeling kinetics and sucrose gradient analysis of mengovirus-specific RNA
      from MDBK cells show a reduction of 10-fold in virion RNA, 5-fold in double
      stranded RNA, and 12.5-fold in single-stranded RNA. The viral RNA biosynthetic
      processes which occur late in the replicative cycle and result in the production
      of 90% of the single-stranded viral RNA that is packaged into capsid proteins in
      the permissive host are absent in restrictive MDBK cells. Viral protein synthesis
      as measured by labeled viral-specific polysome is decreased, and there is an
      accumulation of 80S subviral particles in the restricted host. It is suggested
      that restriction may act at a number of stages of viral replication and
      maturation.

PMID- 163924
TI  - Cellular adsorption function of the sialoglycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis
      virus and its neuraminic acid.
AB  - Exposure of vesicular stomatitis (VS) virions to neuraminidase resulted in loss
      of their ability to agglutinate goose erythrocytes and to attach to L cells
      concomitant with hydrolysis of sialic acid. These viral adsorptive functions were
      also destroyed by tryspsinization. Sialyl transferase resialylation in vitro of
      neuraminidase-treated VS virions restored their hamagglutinating and adsorptive
      functions almost to original levels. Erythrocyte and L cell receptors for
      attachment of VS virions were blocked by fully sialylated fetuin and by VS viral
      sialoglycopeptides. Smaller VS viral glycopeptides generated by extensive
      trypsinization were less effective inhibitors of hemagglutination than were
      larger glycopeptides; neuraminic acid and neuraminosyl lactose had no capacity to
      inhibit hamagglutination or adsorption of virus to L cells. These data suggest
      that cellular receptors for viral adsorption recognize sialoglycopeptides of a
      certain size. Neuraminidase desialylation did not significantly alter the
      isoelectric point of VS virions. Cells exposed to DEAE-dextran, trypsin, or
      neuraminidase showed significantly increased capacity to attach fully sialylated
      but not desialylated VS virions. Neuraminidase desialylation of L cells, Chinese
      hamster ovary cells, and Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells resulted in enhanced
      susceptibility to plaque formation by VS virus.

PMID- 163925
TI  - Isolation of two subgroup-specific leukemogenic viruses from standard avian
      myeloblastosis virus.
AB  - Two populations of virus having subgroup-specific homogeneity (A and B) were
      isolated from standard avian myeloblastosis virus stocks by passage in vivo
      through genetically defined chickens. Each possesses leukemogenic activity in
      vivo. Other properties and potential usefulness of these agents are discussed.

PMID- 163926
TI  - Identification of a viral protein involved in post-translational maturation of
      the encephalomyocarditis virus capsid precursor.
AB  - Translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA in a cell-free system from
      uninfected Krebs ascites cells results in the synthesis of a major polypeptide
      product with a molecular weight of approximately 112,000. In contrast, when the
      viral RNA is translated in a cell-free system from virus-infected cells, this
      polypeptide is absent and the largest polypeptide produced has a molecular weight
      of about 100,000. This latter polypeptide comigrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      gels with in vivo virus capsid precursor A, and the two have identical patterns
      of CNBr-generated peptides. A polypeptide having a molecular weight of 12,500 is
      also a major translation product in the system from infected cells (but not from
      uninfected cells). This polypeptide appears to be generated by cleavage of the NH
      2-terminal portion of the viral RNA-dependent polypeptides by a proteolytic
      activity present in the infected cell-free system. This proteolytic activity
      copurifies with the 23,000-molecular weight viral capsid protein gamma, found in
      infected cells, through chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and cellulose phosphate.
      This suggests that gamma is itself a proteolytic enzyme involved in maturation of
      the viral capsid precursor.

PMID- 163927
TI  - Physical map of polyoma viral DNA fragments produced by cleavage with a
      restriction enzyme from Haemophilus aegyptius, endonuclease R-HaeIII.
AB  - Digestion of polyoma viral DNA with a restriction enzyme from Haemophilus
      aegyptius generates at least 22 unique fragments. The fragments have been
      characterized with respect to size and physical order on the polyoma genome, and
      the 5' to 3' orientation of the (+) and (-) strands has been determined. A method
      for specific radiolabeling of adjacent fragments was employed to establish the
      fragment order. This technique may be useful for ordering the fragments produced
      by digestion of complex DNAs.

PMID- 163928
TI  - Nucleotide sequence complexities, molecular weights, and poly(A) content of the
      vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA species.
AB  - Poly(A)-containing vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA species synthesized in
      vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells have been separated into four bands by
      electrophoresis on formamide-polyacrylamide gels. Two-dimensional fingerprints of
      ribonuclease T-1 and ribonuclease A digests of the RNA from each band show that
      they contain unique oligonucleotide sequences as well as 60 to 125 nucleotides of
      poly(A). The fingerprints were used to determine the nucleotide sequence
      complexities of RNA from three of the bands. Two contain nucleotide sequences
      which account completely for their molecular weights (0.70 times 10-6 and 0.55
      times 10-6) determined by gel electrophoresis and sedimentation rate, and,
      therefore, these are radiochemically pure RNA species. The most rapidly migrating
      band must contain two ro three different RNA species since it has a molecular
      weight of 0.28 times 10-6, determined by physical methods, and a nucleotide
      sequence complexity two to three times that expected for a pure RNA species of
      this size. These data are in complete accord with translational studies
      (accompanying paper) which show that each of the two pure RNA species codes for a
      distinct viral protein, whereas the third codes for two viral proteins. From the
      molecular weight and sequence complexity determinations on mRNA from the bands,
      we conclude that most of the vesicular stomatitis virus genome is transcribed
      into discrete mRNA species.

PMID- 163929
TI  - Correlation of pre-treatment serum 17-hydroxycorticosteroid values with survival
      in patients with prostatic cancer.
AB  - Total 17-OHCS values were determined before and after treatment in 715 patients
      with all stages of prostatic cancer. The pre-treatment 17-OHCS level was an
      important variable in predicting survival and appeared to be a better prognostic
      indicator of death in the first year than the patient's age, treatment or stage
      of disease. Generally, the higher the initial value of serum 17-OHCS the greater
      the probability of death in the first year of treatment. There was no
      preponderance of one type of death over another when patients with initial high
      and low values were compared.

PMID- 163930
TI  - Editorial: A call to recognize PCP.

PMID- 163931
TI  - Increased virus shedding with aspirin treatment of rhinovirus infection.
AB  - In two double-blind trials, volunteers challenged with rhinovirus were treated
      with aspirin or placebo. Aspirin treatment did not alter the rates of infection
      or illness but was associated with a moderate reduction in the frequency or
      severity of some symptoms. The overall benefit in rhinovirus infection was not
      statistically significant. Aspirin treatment appeared to cause a highly
      significant increase in the rate of virus shedding in treated subjects. The
      increase in virus shedding must be considered an adverse event that could
      influence the course of the disease in the individual and increase the likelihood
      of the spread of the infection to contacts.

PMID- 163932
TI  - Are chlamydial infections the most prevalent venereal disease?
AB  - We studied two population groups (more than 1,600 patients) to determine the
      prevalence and clinical associations of genital tract infections with chlamydiae
      and herpesviruses. Base-line isolation rates for asymptomatic women having
      routine pelvic examinations were much lower than rates for symptomatic women. In
      both groups, chlamydiae were more prevalent than herpesviruses. Chlamydial
      infection was associated much more commonly with cervicitis (36.6%) than with
      vaginitis only (4.1%). Among 282 symptomatic men, the cultures of 19.9% yielded
      chlamydiae, and 4.3%, herpesviruses. Chlamydiae were recovered from 35.5% (27 of
      76) of specimens from men with nongonococcal urethritis, and from an even larger
      proportion, 57% (24 of 42), of the specimens from men with frank discharge.

PMID- 163933
TI  - Hyperlipidemia in cerebrovascular diseases.
AB  - 1. Hypertriglyceridemia and hyper beta-lipoproteinemia are closely related to the
      pathophysiologic status of the cerebrovascular patients. 2. The electrophoretic
      analysis of serum lipoprotein is the usefull method for the study on
      hyperlipidemia in the cerebrovascular disease. 3. The electrophoretic analysis of
      the serum lipoprotein gives close relation to the clinical features in the
      patients with normal serum lipid levels as well as in those with the
      hyperlipidemia. 4. Hyperlipidemia relates closely to the renal impairment, which
      is supposed to originate from the sclerotic changes of renal artery.

PMID- 163934
TI  - Ischemic heart disease and hyperlipidemia.
AB  - Studies on lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities which are associable with ischemic
      heart disease were presented. None of the subjects studied for this report had
      clinical signs or symptoms characteristic to "familial or sporadic"
      hyperlipoproteinemia. Only few showed gross abnormalities in lipid chemistries
      which are compatible with these clinical entities. Lipid abnormalities
      characteristic to the majority of ischemic heart patients were modest to moderate
      increase of serum total and free cholesterol and triglyceride; either independent
      increase or combined increase of these lipid fractions. Determination of free
      cholesterol may favor to detect such minute abnormality in modest hyperlipidemia
      as seen in ischemic heart patients. As expressed by our lipoprotein PAG
      electrophoresis pattern, B and Bp pattern (Fig. 1) seemed to be important
      lipoprotein abnormalities because of high incidence of ischemic heart disease (60
      to 65%). Another feature of these hyperbeta lipoproteinemic state without (B
      pattern) or with (Bp pattern) moderate prebeta lipoprotein is highly suggestive
      of premature onset of ischemic heart suggestive premature onset of ischemic heart
      disease in the subjects with these lipoprotein patterns. Pb battern (hyperpre
      beta lipoproteinemic state) was the next, because of frequent occurrence of this
      pattern (approx. 30%) among the cardiovascular patients and relatively high
      incidence (approx. 40%) of ischemic heart disease. PB pattern (combine hyperpre
      beta and hyperbeta lipoproteinemic state) occurred rarely but incidence of
      ischemic heart disease in the subject with this pattern was high (approx. 40%).
      Midband lipoprotein which is one of the unique lipoprotein species detected by
      PAG electrophoresis may possibly reflect disordered lipoprotein metabolism.
      However, its association with ischemic heart disease seemed highly unlikely.
      However, further studies on this and other unusual lipoproteins detectable with
      PAG electrophoresis seems productive. Extensive studies on cine coronary
      angiographically established subjects (well characterized study subjects) with
      this new method in addition to the others would be highly productive to obtain
      more reliable conclusion on this subject, and hence, to obtain more effective
      guide line for early identification or for prevention of coronary
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 163935
TI  - Characteristics of serum lipid and lipoprotein patterns in patients with coronary
      sclerosis and with the slightest hyperlipidemia.
AB  - 1. Serum lipid and lipoprotein patterns of subjects with/without coronary
      sclerosis and having less than 300 mg/100 ml of serum total cholesterol were
      analyzed. Subjects woth coronary sclerosis were classified into 2 groups,
      myocardial infarction (MI) group and coronary sclerosis (CS) group, in accordance
      with the criteria for the diagnosis of coronary sclerosis established by the
      special study group of the Educational Ministry in 1960. 2. While serum total
      cholesterol was higher in the MI group than in the other groups, there was no
      difference in total cholesterol concentration between the CS group and the
      control. However, the concentration of free cholesterol, triglycerides, total
      phospholipids and total lipids increased in the control, the CS and the MI group
      in this order. 3. The percent concentration of pre-beta and beta and the ratio of
      beta/alpha and pre-beta+beta/alpha increased in the control, the CS and the MI
      group in this order. Type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia was observed more frequently
      in the MI group than in the control one. Type IIa and IV hyperlipoproteinemia did
      not change into any other phenotypes, but Type IIb changed occationally into Type
      IIa. 4. So called extra pre-beta lipoprotein was observed more frequently in the
      CS and MI groups than in the control one. 5. These results suggested that even
      slight changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein patterns might be related to
      atherogenecity.

PMID- 163937
TI  - [Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: a report on a clinical epidemic (author's
      transl)].
AB  - After description of the clinical and serological features of an epidemic
      keratoconjunctivitis caused by adeno-virus (Type 8) the author compares results
      of 4 methods of treatment. The schedule consisted of "Okuzell-Coldan" eye drops
      as placebo, eye drops of corticosteroid content, intramuscular inoculation with
      Interferonogen and a combined treatment with 0.3 percent "Neutralrot" eye drops
      and radiation with daylight lamp HPR 125 W produced by Philips Co. Ltd. The
      transition from the conjunctival form to the keratic form could be best prevented
      through the last named therapy.

PMID- 163936
TI  - Lipoproteins and hyperlipidemia; special refference on the LCAT and apo
      lipoproteins.
AB  - 1) HDL3 is the most excellent substrate of LCAT reaction. 2) Significant
      relationships of LCAT activities with serum concentrations of LDL, VLDL,
      cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid, and body weight were observed. No
      significant relationships were observed between the activity and serum
      concentrations of HDL3 and HDL2. 3) LCAT activities increased in the various
      secondary hyperlipedemic states. However, the activities remained within normal
      range in the familial hyperlipidemias. 4) Immunological properties of
      apolipoproteins were consistent between normal and hyperlipidemic subjects. 5)
      Amino acid compositions of hyperlipidemic subjects were almost consistent with
      those of normal subjects. However, significant differences of amino acid
      compositions were observed in the patients with familial type II and type IV
      hyperlipidemias with genetic factor, as compaired with those of normal and other
      hyperlipidemic subjects. 6) Discussions were made about the above-mentioned
      results. Authors greatly acknowledge Drs. T. Shimizu, M. Iijima, E. Sasa, T.
      Kinoshita and M. Harada for their cooperations.

PMID- 163938
TI  - [Treatment of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis with ABOB. Clinical and laboratory
      investigations (author's transl)].
AB  - In an epidemic of viral keratoconjunctivitis in Bulgaria in 1972, caused by
      adenovirus 9, we applied ABOB in 1 percent solution topically in 120 of all 151
      observed patients. When the treatment could be begun in first 3-5 days of the
      disease, a very favourable curing effect was noted. In most of the patients
      occurred a significant subjective improvement. The effect was most pronounced
      upon the course of ther keratitis stage. When ABOB was applied early, the
      observed keratitis was lighter, with slight visual impairment (with a duration of
      more than one month in 14.4 percent of the patients, as opposed to 57.3 percent
      in a placebo group), with quicker epithelialization of corneal erosions and, as a
      result, with fewer residual corneal opacities.

PMID- 163939
TI  - Hypertension and renal tumors.

PMID- 163940
TI  - Granular cell myoblastoma: another unusual esophageal lesion.
AB  - The case is presented of a 48-year-old woman with esophageal granular cell
      myoblastoma who was treated by local excision. A review of the literature is also
      included. So far as we can determine, this is the thirteenth such case reported.

PMID- 163941
TI  - Fasting serum bile acid levels in the primary hyperlipoproteinemias.
AB  - A newly developed radioimmunoassay specific for conjugates of cholic acid (CCA)
      was used to measure the fasting serum levels of these bile acids in 233 patients
      with primary hyperlipoproteinemia classified as type IIa, IIb, III, IV, or V
      hyperlipoproteinemia as well as in 80 healthy control subjects. Subjects with
      type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia had significantly lower levels of CCA (0.9 plus or
      minus 0.06 muM, mean plus or minus SE) than did healthy controls (0.50 plus or
      minus 0.08 muM). Patients with type IIb, III, IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemia had
      values similar to those of the control group. The abnormally low fasting value of
      CCA in type IIa patients is considered to reflect decreased secretion of bile
      acid into the intestine in such patients, who are known to have defective bile
      acid synthesis rates and decreased bile acid pool sizes.

PMID- 163942
TI  - Isolation of Chlamydia from patients with urethritis.
AB  - From October 1973 through August 1974, 335 genitourinary tract specimens from
      patients with  urethritis were inoculated into McCoy's cell cultures for the
      diagnosis of Chlamydia infections.  Of the 45 Chlamydia isolates, 42 were
      recovered when glass vials rather than plastic microtiter plates were used as
      cell culture vessels.  Herpes simplex virus was isolated 15 times.  Bacterial
      overgrowth occurred 42 times; however, in 20 specimens the contamination was not
      apparent until after the first subculture.  This is the first report of the
      frequency of Chlamydia infections in patients with urethritis in the Midwest and
      indicates that these organisms have a significant etiologic role in nongonococcal
      urethritis in this community.

PMID- 163943
TI  - Recent trends in chemotherapy of solid tumors.
AB  - A multidisciplinary approach consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy,
      and immunotherapy is now being used in both early and advanced stages of
      carcinoma. Positive and constructive approaches available today vary from
      adjuvant studies for early or primary disease to combinations of radiotherapy and
      chemotherapy for advanced disease. Methods of treatment considered to hold
      significant promise are discussed.

PMID- 163944
TI  - Current status of regional arterial infusion chemotherapy.
AB  - The rationale for this method is that a prolonged, continuous exposure of tumor
      cells to an antimetabolite is required for effective antimetabolic activity to
      develop in the tumor cell population. Overall experience in selected sites such
      as head and neck, liver, and extremities is reviewed.

PMID- 163945
TI  - Syndromes resulting from ectopic hormone-producing tumors.
AB  - Among the malignant tumors of nonendocrine origin that are capable of producing
      polypeptide hormones and of manifesting as different endocrine syndromes
      discussed here are ectopic ACTH syndrome, SIADH, and ectopic gonadotropin
      producing tumors.

PMID- 163946
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancy.
AB  - Skin changes may result from metastases to skin or from chemicals or hormones
      that are secreted by the tumor, resulting in identifiable cutaneous syndromes, or
      may be inflammatory dermatoses, benign or malignant proliferative lesions, or
      nevoid states whose association is recognized but the mechanisms of which are
      unexplained.

PMID- 163947
TI  - Ifluence of dietary fatty acids on membrane properties and enzyme activities of
      liver mitochondria of normal and hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - Studies are reported on the effects of diets containing fatty supplements with
      (A) a high concentration of arachidonate (46% concentrate of ethyl arachidonate),
      (B) a high concentration of linoleate (corn oil), and (C) an essential fatty acid
      deficient, fully saturated fat (hydrogenated coconut oil) upon lipid composition,
      membrane permeability, and enzyme activities of liver mitochondria of normal and
      hypophysectomized rats. The fatty supplements produced differences in the fatty
      acid composition of the liver mitochondria; hypophysectomy, in addition,
      influenced the neutral and phospholipid composition. Permeability, indicated by
      swelling properties, correlated generally with the degree of unsaturation and
      essential fatty acid content of the lipid of the mitochondria of the normal
      animals. The fatty supplements also influenced the enzyme acitivites of the
      mitochondria of the normal animals. The mitochondria of the hypophysectomized
      animals were less responsive to the differences in the dietary fat in both their
      swelling properties and enzyme activities. Although the relationship was complex,
      it appeared that the hypophysis was involved in the functions of essential fatty
      acids in liver mitochondria.

PMID- 163948
TI  - A practical approach to pruritus ani.

PMID- 163949
TI  - 75Se-selenomethionine-labeled lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic and normolipidemic
      humans.
AB  - Investigating the feasability and application appropriate to determination of
      lipoprotein turnover, 75Se-selenomethionine (Se-M) incorporation in lipoproteins
      was studied in eight hospitalized patients. Three were hyperlipidemic diabetic
      subjects (HL), and five were normolipidemic but otherwise abnormal subjects (NL).
      Maximum activity was observed in the VLDL fraction within 2-3 hr, and was
      followed by a biexponential decay. Incorporation into the LDL-I (density, 1.006
      1.019 mug/ml) occurred at a rate which correlated with the rapid decay rate of
      the VLDL Se-M activity. The decay of the Se-M was single exponential in the LDL-I
      and LDL-II (density, 1.019-1.063 mug/ml), suggesting undirectional transfer of
      the label. The HDL fraction showed a rapid initial Se-M uptake which was followed
      by a slow rise, resulting in a complex time-activity curve. The Se-M activity was
      significantly higher in the VLDL fraction and slightly lower in the LDL and HDL
      fractions in the HL as compared to the NL subjects. The VLDL-apoprotein
      concentration increased by a significantly greater amount in the HL (374 mug/ml)
      than in the NL subjects (67 mug/ml). There was a significant increase in VLDL
      apoprotein turnover in the presence of a fractional turnover rate that was not
      significantly lower in the three hyperlipidemic subjects compared to the NL
      controls. In vivo 75Se-selenomethionine labeling allows the estimation of the
      synthesis and removal rate of apoproteins.

PMID- 163950
TI  - Effects of estrogenic compounds on triglyceride kinetics.
AB  - Paired studies of triglyceride kinetics were made in 8 women on and off
      postmenopausal estrogen supplementation. When estrogens were discontinued, mean
      very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLD-TG) and VLD-TG turnover rate fell
      respectively from 555 to 349 mg/100 ml, and from 30-18 mg/kg/hr (p smaller than
      0.01). Maximal turnover rate (Vmax) and VLD-TG concentration at 1/2 V max (Km),
      were 82.4 mg/kg/hr and 704.14 mg/100 ml on estrogen and fell to 41.83 and 347.51
      when estrogen was discontinued (p smaller than 0.01). Estrogen supplementation
      did not lengthen VLD-TG half-life or diminish the fractional turnover rate of VLD
      TG. Estrogens apparently increase VLD-TG by augmenting VLD-TG production rates.

PMID- 163951
TI  - Anti-inflammatory steroids and collagen metabolism: glucocorticoid-mediated
      decrease of prolyl hydroxylase.

PMID- 163952
TI  - Antiviral activity of partially thiolated polynucleotides.

PMID- 163953
TI  - Incorporation of inorganic [32P] phosphate into rat parotid phosphatidylinositol.
      Induction through activation of alpha adrenergic and cholinergic receptors and
      relation to K+ release.

PMID- 163954
TI  - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in mammalian liver-derived cell cultures.
      Stimulation of "cytochrome P1-450-associated" enzyme activity by many inducing
      compounds.

PMID- 163955
TI  - The use of vaccines in respiratory virus infections.

PMID- 163957
TI  - [Globular corpuscles in hepatomas of Swiss mice].
AB  - In hapatomas formed spontaneously without cirrhosis at Swiss mice numerous
      globular corpuscules of eosinophil character were found. These corpuscules as
      revealed by electron microscopy are formed in cyternas of the rough surfaced
      endoplasmatic reticulum and are of the nature of protein.

PMID- 163956
TI  - Summary and discussion of future applications of vaccination and immunotherapy.

PMID- 163958
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of cytoplasmic crystals in liver damages caused by
      alcoholism].
AB  - Liver biopsy of 50 patients with liver disease of alcoholic etiology was examined
      electronmicroscopically. In every stage of the disease presence of
      intramitochondrial paracrystalloids was revealed. Hyalin of alcoholic origin of
      fibrillar structure was seen in cases of alcoholic hepatitis. By the
      electronmicroscopic examination of three cases of alcoholic fatty liver a special
      form of cytoplasmatic paracristalloid inclusion could be seen. This inclusion
      consists of membranless parallely lying fibrills. Changing the plain of the
      preparats containing inclusions by the aid of a goniometer the structure of the
      inclusions appeared in a form of "honey-comb". Inclusion in the question can not
      be regarded identical neither with intramitochondrial inclusions nor with the
      fibrills of the so called alcoholic hyalin. Formation and function of these
      inclusions are as yet unknown.

PMID- 163959
TI  - Azaguanine-resistant mutants induced by several mutagens in a neurospora
      heterokaryon.
AB  - This paper reports the development of a new system for the detection of forward
      mutations in a heterokaryon of Neurospora crassa. This system, designed to detect
      a wide variety of genetic alterations, is based upon the detection of 8
      azaguanine-resistant mutants in an adenine-requiring heterokaryon carrying the
      aza-3 gene. Induction of mutations in the aza-3 gene was detected after treatment
      of conidia with ultraviolet light, X-rays, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), or the
      acridine mustard, ICR-170. The pattern of appearance of mutant colonies and
      various factors in mutant selection are discussed.

PMID- 163960
TI  - A simple test for the diagnosis of absorptive, resorptive and renal
      hypercalciurias.
AB  - A test was developed to diagnose various forms of hypercalciuria. A two-hour
      urine sample after an overnight fast and a four-hour urine sample after 1 g of
      calcium by mouth were tested for calcium, cyclic AMP and creatinine. The 24
      patients with absorptive hypercalciuria had normocalcemia and normal fasting
      urinary calcium (less than 0.11 mg per milligram of urinary creatnine). Urinary
      calcium was high (greater than or equal to 0.2 mg per milligram of creatinine)
      after a calcium load. Of the 28 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
      (resorptive hypercalciuria), 25 had hypercalcemia and 21 had high fasting urinary
      calcium. Urinary cyclic AMP, elevated in 30 per cent of fasting patients, was
      high (greater than 4.60 mu moles per gram of creatinine) in 82 per cent of cases
      after calcium load. Six patients with renal hypercalciuria had normocalcemia,
      high fasting urinary calcium, and high (greater than 6.86 mu moles per gram of
      creatinine) or high-normal fasting urinary cyclic AMP was normal. This simple
      test should facilitate the differentiation of various causes of hypercalciuria.

PMID- 163961
TI  - Editorial: Leaving no (renal) stone unturned.

PMID- 163962
TI  - Committee on Maternal Welfare Herpes simplex encephalitis.

PMID- 163963
TI  - Letter: EB-virus-seropostivie person is susceptible to infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 163964
TI  - Travelers' diarrhea and toxigenic Escherichia coli.
AB  - In a group of 133 United States students studied for 18 days after arriving in
      Mexico, diarrhea developed in 38 (29 per cent). Diarrhea rarely began before the
      fourth day, and the mean onset was 13 days after arrival. Symptoms lasted an
      average of 3.4 days but persisted in 21 per cent of sick students. Heat-labile
      enterotoxin-producing Escheria coli was found in the stools of 72 per cent of
      sick and 15 per cent of healthy students. None had heat-labile Esch. coli when
      they entered Mexico. The incubation period was short, generally 24 to 48 hours,
      and the carrier state was five days or less in 82 per cent of students surveyed.
      Entamoeba histolytica was found in 6 per cent of cases of diarrhea, but not
      salmonella, shigella or penetrating Esch. coli. These studies suggest that
      approximately 70 per cent of travelers' diarrhea in Mexico is associated with
      heat-labile toxigenic strains of Esch. coli.

PMID- 163965
TI  - Pancreatic cholera: benefical effects of treatment with streptozotocin.
AB  - Two patients with pancreatic cholera and islet-cell carcinoma were treated with
      intra-arterial streptozotocin. Before therapy, they had stool volumes from 2 to 8
      liters per day and required 200 to 800 mEq per day of supplemental potassium.
      After three to five doses of streptozotocin (1.5 per square meter), both stool
      volume and number and size of hepatic metastases decreased markedly. One patient
      has had normally formed stools for 12 months; the other had a 90 per cent
      reduction in stool volume for 13 months with additional therapy. Both patients'
      serum potassium returned to normal without need for supplementation. Jejunal
      adenylate cyclase activity was normal in both, and plasma vasoactive intestinal
      peptide was detectable in only one. After chemotherapy, these findings showed no
      consistent change. Pharmacologic studies suggest that arterial administration
      increased either tumor or hepatic extraction (or both) of streptozotocin by two
      times and decreased renal exposure to this nephrotoxic drug by one third.

PMID- 163966
TI  - Editorial: Hormonally mediated diarrhea.

PMID- 163967
TI  - Letter: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis associated with adenovirus Type 19.

PMID- 163968
TI  - Response of growth-retarded patients with Hand--Schuller--Christian disease to
      growth hormone therapy.

PMID- 163969
TI  - 17 Beta-estradiol transport and metabolism in human red blood cells.
AB  - Attempts to measure the function of red blood cells as steroid metabolizing
      tissue showed that the membrane plays an important role. Of the 17beta-estradiol
      associated with red cells, 2/3 was bound to the membrane while 1/3 was in the
      soluble fraction. The binding appears to be nonspecific and linearly related to
      the amount incubated. Binding was more extensive at 2 C than at 26 C. Successive
      washes of red cells with isotonic sodium chloride solution increased their
      ability to bind 17beta-estradiol. Red cells incubated in isotonic salt media
      removed 85.1 plus or minus 3.2% (SD) of the total estrogens present and this
      value remained within narrow limits for incubation times as short as 15 s and as
      long as 19 h at 37 C. When incubated in homologous plasma, only 8-12% of
      estrogens in the media became associated with cells. The eight-fold difference in
      cell binding between salt solution and plasma can be attributed to competition
      with plasm aproteins. Presence of plasma proteins diminished but does not prevent
      activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of red cells. Cells produce four
      times more estrone when incubated in saline media than when incubated in their
      own plasma. The enzyme is in the soluble portion of the cells and the steroids
      have to traverse the membrane in both directions. In the transfer of estrogens
      from plasma of cytoplasm, the membrane needs to be considered as a separate
      compartment.

PMID- 163970
TI  - Studies of ACTH secretion control in 116 cases of Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - Plasma ACTH (normal value: 0.16 plus or minus mU/100 ml) was measured in 116
      patients with Cushing's syndrome, using a bioassay including dynamic tests and
      sequential determinations. In 10 patients with adrenal tumors ACTH levels were
      nondetectable (ND) or low, and usually nonstimulatable. In 10 patients with
      ectopic ACTH secretion high levels (0.42 plus or minus 0.07 mU/100 ml) were
      measured. The extracts of 6 tumors yielded an ACTH-like substance. Forty-three
      patients with Cushing's disease (without pituitary tumor) had, before treatment,
      a mean ACTH level of 0.18 plus or minus 0.01 mU/100 ml, accompanied by high
      levels of plasma cortisol (32.1 plus or minus 1.9 mug/100 ml). Irregular
      nycthemeral variations occurred. ACTH rose to 0.30 mU/100 ml after incomplete
      adrenalectomy (20 patients) and to 1.14 mU/100 ml after total adrenalectomy (21
      patients). Dexamethasone (8 mg per day) suppressed ACTH levels. Metyrapone
      induced a normal ACTH rise, but at abnormal times. Lysine-vasopressin (LVP)
      induced an ACTH mean relative increase of 120% before, and of 140% after
      adrenalectomy (i.e., within the normal range). Six nonadrenalectomized patients
      with pituitary tumors showed similar abnormalities of ACTH regulation. However,
      the ACTH rise after LVP was above 500%. When pituitary tumors occurred after
      adrenalectomy (12 patients) the mean basal ACTH level was 18 mU/100 ml.
      Dexamethasone induced a 90% decrease, and LVP a 416% increase in ACTH levels. In
      6 patients with nodular adrenal hyperplasia, ACTH was undetectable before
      treatment. After adrenalectomy, ACTH rose to 0.4 mU/100 ml (11 patients) and the
      increase after LVP was 90%. Five additional patients developed pituitary tumors.
      These data confirm the abnormalities of ACTH feedback regulation in Cushing's
      disease. However, even when pituitary tumors occur, ACTH levels can be altered by
      metyrapone, dexamethasone and LVP. This last test is of particular interest for
      the detection of pituitary tumors. The follow-up pattern of treated nodular
      adrenal hyperplasia appears to be very similar to that of Cushing's disease.

PMID- 163971
TI  - Radioreceptor assay for human chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - A sensitive radioreceptor assay capable of detecting 100 pg of human chorionic
      gonadotropin has been developed using ovarian receptors and (125I)hCG. The dose
      response curves of a series of urine and serum samples from pregnant women were
      linear and parallel to standard curves of 2nd International Standard hCG and
      purified hCG when logit of percent bound was plotted against log dose. Potency
      estimates of pregnancy sera, measured by radioreceptor assays, were approximately
      2 times greater than those determined by radioimmunoassays. Examination of hCG
      concentrations in the urine of pregnant and nonpregnant women, using a receptor
      assay, showed good correlation with the result obtained with a standard
      agglutination pregnancy test. This readioreceptor assay, which can be made as
      sensitive as radioimmunoassay, provides a rapid and simple method for the
      measurement of biologically active hCG and LH.

PMID- 163972
TI  - Partial pharmacodynamic model for the circadian-episodic secretion of cortisol in
      man.
AB  - A pharmacodynamic model was developed to facilitate computer analysis of the
      circadian-episodic influx of cortisol into plasma from the adrenal gland. The
      model consists of a catenary system of a biorhythmic control, the adrenal gland,
      and a body compartment containing circulating cortisol. Computer nonlinear
      regression analysis was carried out on data consisting of plasma cortisol
      concentrations measured at 30-min intervals over 1 day in a group of normal
      children. Circadian rhythmic synthesis of cortisol by the adrenal gland was
      described by a sinusoidal function which provides the level (284 plus or minus 50
      mugg/h/m2) and amplitude (245 plus or minus 50 mug/h/m2) of the synthesis rate
      and the period (24 hours) and acrophase (8.14 plus or minus 1.95 h) of the cycle.
      Cosinor analysis of the data confirmed a highly significant circadian rhythm in
      the daily synthesis rate of cortisol. Episodic secretion, described by an
      empirical switch function, is assumed to result from accumulation of small
      amounts of cortisol precursors in the adrenal gland and intermittent stimulation
      of cortisol release by ACTH. This was found to take place over 46.6 plus or minus
      2.4% of a 24-h day. Circulating cortisol is contained in a single body
      compartment with an apparent volume of distribution (5.3 plus or minus 0.55
      liters/m2) from which elimination occurs by first-order metabolic clearance. The
      biological half-life averaged 0.96 plus or minus 0.18 h. Upon least-square
      optimization of selected kinetic parameters, the circadian-episodic model
      increases the accountable variation (r2 x 100) to 89% in comparison with the 35%
      obtained by use of only a periodic function.

PMID- 163973
TI  - Ethidium bromide inhibits appearance of closed circular viral DNA and integration
      of virus-specific DNA in duck cells infected by avian sarcoma virus.
AB  - The DNA of avian sarcoma virus assumes a closed circular configuration before
      integration into the host cell chromosomal DNA. Ethidium bromide reduces the
      formation of superhelical viral DNA and concurrently blocks integration of the
      viral genome. Inhibition of integration of viral DNA results in the inhibition of
      virus replication.

PMID- 163974
TI  - Mechanism for oscillatory synthesis of cyclic AMP in Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 163975
TI  - Transplantation and preliminary characterisation of lymphocyte surface markers of
      Abelson virus-induced lymphomas.

PMID- 163976
TI  - Asymmetry of influenza virus membrane bilayer demonstrated with phospholipase C.

PMID- 163977
TI  - Relaxing and inotropic effects of cyclic AMP on skinned cardiac cells.

PMID- 163978
TI  - Increased UDP kinase activity in rat and human hepatomas.

PMID- 163979
TI  - Hybridisation of Dane particle DNA with the free plasma DNA of hepatitis
      carriers.

PMID- 163981
TI  - Progesterone antagonism of the oestrogen receptor and oestrogen-induced uterine
      growth.

PMID- 163982
TI  - H1 and H2 histamine receptors on Aplysia neurones.

PMID- 163983
TI  - Beta-adrenergic stimulation of cyclic AMP and protein kinase activity in the
      thyroid.

PMID- 163984
TI  - Non-repetitive DNA transcripts in nuclei and polysomes of polyomatransformed and
      non-transformed mouse cells.

PMID- 163980
TI  - Inhibition of release of prostaglandins as an explanation of some of the actions
      of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids.
AB  - Corticosteroids as well as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the
      prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation accompanying lipolysis in subcutaneous fat.
      Whereas the non-steroids produce their effect by inhibition of prostaglandin
      synthesis, however, corticosteroids inhibit their release. This mechanism may be
      the basis of some actions of corticosteroids in inflammation, in the gastric
      mucosa and in the CNS.

PMID- 163986
TI  - Temperature-sensitive expression of differentiation in transformed myoblasts.

PMID- 163985
TI  - Multiple labelling technique used for kinetic studies of activated human B
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 163987
TI  - Effects of progesterone and EDTA on cyclic AMP and phosphodiesterase in
      Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 163988
TI  - C-type virus antigens detected by immunofluorescence in human bone tumour
      cultures.

PMID- 163990
TI  - The effect of diuretics on Na+-K+-ATPase and c-AMP levels in toad bladder
      epithelial cells.
AB  - Na+-K+-ATPase was inhibited by 1 times 10-4M ethacrynic acid and mercuderamide,
      and by 1 times 10-3M hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide.  A modification of
      Gilman's (1970) protein displacement assay has been used to measure c-AMP levels
      in toad bladder epithelial cells.  Vasopressin (50 mU/ml) caused c-AMP levels to
      rise from 4.27 to 9.27 pmol/mg protein.  Ethacrynic acid had no effect on
      cellular c-AMP levels after 10 min exposure to the drug, but at 90 min caused a
      reduction of both basal and vasopressin stimulated levels.  Furosemide caused an
      apparent rise in c-AMP levels, dilution ratio measurements indicated interference
      by this drug in the assay procedure, mecuderamide also caused substantial
      interference with the c-AMP assay.  Hydrochlorothiazide had no effect on basal or
      hormone stimulated levels of c-AMP.  It was concluded that the inhibition of
      sodium transport produced by ethacrynic acid in toad bladder is probably due to
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase, an effect not shared by other dieuretics.

PMID- 163991
TI  - [Familial recurring polytopic neuropathy].

PMID- 163992
TI  - [Pathomorphology of the brain in experimental acute post-irradiation disease.
      Histological, histochemical and histoenzymatic changes].

PMID- 163989
TI  - Potentation of the cardiac response to aminophylline by oxyfedrine.
AB  - The influence of oxyfedrine on the cardiostimulatory effects of aminophylline was
      studied in the isolated perfused guinea-pig heart.  It was found that oxyfedrine
      potentiated the stimulatory effects of aminophylline on isometric contraction,
      dF/dt, coronary flow and heart rate.  This potentation was abolished after
      pretreatment with propranolol.  Histamine, though to a lesser extent, also
      potentiated the effects of aminophylline.  When oxyfedrine and histamine were
      infused simultaneously in the presence of propranolol, the response of the heart
      to aminophylline was also potentiated; the magnitude of this potentiation was
      comparable to that obtained with histamine alone, indicating that propranolol
      abolished only the action of oxyfedrine but not that of histamine.  The
      mechanical effects of aminophylline were accompanied by a slight (15 per cent)
      but significant inhibition of phosphodiesterase, which was not further augmented
      by oxyfedrine.  The results suggest that the potentiating effects of oxyfedrine
      or histamine on the cardiostimulatory actions of aminophylline are elicited by
      their stimulatory actions on adenylate cyclase activity.

PMID- 163994
TI  - Management of pregnancy in osteogenesis imperfecta: new perspectives.
AB  - Osteogenesis imperfecta during pregnancy presents increased risk to mother and
      fetus. In addition to the well-known skeletal changes, other recently recognized
      metabolic abnormalities also may lead to maternal and fetal problems during labor
      and delivery. A discussion of risk factors and their managment is presented. The
      importance of considering the possibility of fetal osteogenesis imperfecta is
      stressed, and cesarean section is presented as the method of choice for delivery.
      Important genetic factors including the lack of correlation between the severity
      of involvement of parent and offspring and the use of pyrophosphate analyses are
      discussed. An illustrative case is presented.

PMID- 163995
TI  - Progesterone concentration in placenta, molar tissue, and ovarian theca lutein
      cyst.
AB  - Progesterone concentrations in 2 full-term normal placentas, molar tissue from 3
      cases of hydatidiform mole were measured by competitive protein binding. Sephadex
      LH-20 column chromatographic separation of extracts from these tissues showed
      that, in placental and molar tissue, 85 to 95% of the extracts were progesterone
      and very small amounts of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 17 alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone. The concentration of progesterone in the placenta were 368.8
      and 317.2 ng/g tissue, respectively, while in molar tissue the concentration were
      2474.5, 1974.6, and 4146.0 ng/g tissue, respectively. Progesterone concentration
      in ovarian tissue was between 1121;2 and 1440.9 ng/g tissue. It is suggested that
      the high concentration of progesterone in molar tissue reflects functional
      capacity of the abnormal trophoblast in progesterone synthesis and accumulation
      of progesterone due to absence of a fetus. The lower concentration of
      progesterone in the ovary in molar pregnancy would appear to suggest that the
      ovary is a secondary source of progesterone in molar pregnancy.

PMID- 163993
TI  - [Electron microscopic changes in rat hypophysis following adrenalectomy and ACTH
      administration. II. Neuronal lobe of the hypophysis].

PMID- 163996
TI  - Cytomegalovirus endometritis: report of a case associated with spontaneous
      abortion.
AB  - Maternal cytomegalovirus infection is a relatively common, yet very often silent
      complication of pregnancy. The association between early gestational wastage and
      cytomegalovirus endometritis has been documented in recent tissue culture studies
      without the morphologic demonstration of the virus. This case study presents the
      clinical and pathologic findings of a young, secundigravida female with
      cytomegalovirus endometritis and spontaneous abortion. The intranuclear
      inclusions were restricted to the endometrial glands; Involvement of the
      endocervix by cytomegalovirus has been the only site in the female reproductive
      tract, excluding fetal tissues, affected by this virus which has been
      demonstrated histologically. The data are still incomplete regarding the
      etiologic role, if any, of cytomegalovirus and the occurrence of spontaneous
      abortion.

PMID- 163997
TI  - [Early rehabilitation following heart infarct. Institutional provisions from the
      clinical and sociomedical viewpoint].

PMID- 163998
TI  - Ultrastructural study of focal epithelial hyperplasia.
AB  - Biopsy material from two young Israeli patients with focal epithelial hyperplasia
      revealed acanthosis, papillomatosis, and the presence of many epithelial cells
      with a clear cytoplasm in the basale and stratum spinosum. Many of the inclusions
      seen with the electron microscope had the morphologic appearance of lysosomes,
      but definite identification must await cytochemical evidence.

PMID- 163999
TI  - Ultrastructure of an odontogenic myxoma.
AB  - The ultrastructural findings in a case of odontogenic myxoma are described. The
      main cell type was characterized by several cytoplasmic processes,
      intracytoplasmic fibrils, numerous glycogen particles, and salient Golgi
      complexes. A few mitochondria and a scarce endoplasmic reticulum was noted. The
      matrix consisted of numerous granules with fibrillar projections, collagen
      bundles, and smaller fibers. The over-all ultrastructural features of this tumor
      were similar to those described in the human cardiac myxoma and in Wharton's
      jelly and could be clearly differentiated from the fine structural
      characteristics of other connective tissue tumors.

PMID- 164000
TI  - [Clinical aspects of RS virus infections based on studies of infants at a
      pediatric department].

PMID- 164001
TI  - Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and
      intervention. Impedance measurement.
AB  - Although impedance measurement is a relatively new procedure, at least in this
      country, it is rapidly being recognized as one of the most significant
      contributions since the development of the pure tone audiometer. With the basic
      applications of the procedure it is possible to determine not only the presence
      but also to a great extent the specific nature of middle ear impairment, even in
      patients for whom audiometric results are limited and uncertain. Further
      applications of impedance measurement include the determination of nonorganic
      hearing loss and site-of-lesion testing to distinguish between cochlear and
      retrocochlear lesions. Finally it appears that the procedure may even permit the
      prediction of severity and configuration of sensorineural loss. Although
      impedance measurement has great value in all patients with hearing disorders, it
      is particularly appropriate in pediatric evaluation. Its objectivity, its ease of
      application, and the information that can be obtained with it make impedance
      measurement a significant and valuable addition to the battery for evaluation of
      hearing disorders in children.

PMID- 164002
TI  - [Case of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism].

PMID- 164003
TI  - [Possibilities of clinico-immunological diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer in
      children].

PMID- 164004
TI  - [Oral tumors with localization at the openings of the major salivary glands].

PMID- 164005
TI  - [Pathogenic mechanisms of vascular and polyneuropathic changes in vibration
      disease in the light of immunologic studies].

PMID- 164006
TI  - [Dynamics of peripheral nervous system changes in diabetic children].

PMID- 164007
TI  - [Insulinomas and extensive proliferative-hypertrophic changes in the pancreas
      causing excessive insulin secretion. A review of 34 cases from polish
      literature].

PMID- 164008
TI  - Electrophysiological studies on the maturation and reactivity of the central
      nervous system of healthy children in sleep during the year of life.

PMID- 164009
TI  - Bioregulation of lysosomal enzyme secretion from human neutrophils: roles of
      guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate and calcium in stimulus-secretion coupling.
AB  - The biologic role of calcium and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in
      the immunologic secretion of lysosomal enzymes from human neutrophils was
      studied. Contact of neutrophils with zymosan-treated serum or the divalent cation
      ionophore A-23187, in the presence of extracellular calcium, resulted in beta
      glucuronidase (beta-D-glucuronide glucuronosohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.31) secretion
      and a concomitant accumulation of cyclic GMP without any loss of cell viability.
      Acetylcholine (0.1 muM), in the presence of calcium, enhanced the immunologic
      stimulation of cyclic GMP accumulation and lysosomal enzyme discharge. A marked
      and rapid association of 45CaCl2 with neutrophils occurred during cell surface
      contact with zymosan-treated serum, and this effect on calcium association was
      enhanced with 0.1 muM acetylcholine. The precise mechanism of the neutrophil
      calcium interaction is presently not well understood. However, the finding that
      0.5-1.0 muM A-23187 also provoked a rapid association of extracellular calcium
      with neutrophils suggests that calcium mobilization into the intracellular
      environment may account, at least in part, for this association between cells and
      calcium. The close temporal relationship between beta-glucuronidase secretion,
      cyclic GMP accumulation, and calcium mobilization during cell contact with
      membrane active agents such as immune reactants, acetylcholine, and ionophores
      suggests that these three cellular events bear a cause and effect relationship.
      On the basis of our findings to date, we propose that the immunologic secretion
      of lysosomal contents from human neutrophils is signaled by intracellular cyclic
      GMP and that extracellular calcium, by gaining access to the intracellular
      processes responsible for cyclic GMP accumulation, serves as the link to stimulus
      secretion coupling.

PMID- 164011
TI  - An electron microscopic study of virus particles in rhesus monkey placenta.
AB  - Examination of chorionic villi from rhesus monkey placenta revealed the presence
      of C-type virus particles budding from syncytial trophoblast, pericytes, Hofbauer
      cells, and mesenchyme. In addition, particles, were found budding from cells of
      the cytotrophoblastic cell column and decidual basalis. They measured 30 nm in
      diameter, had a dense central core, surrounded by a narrow, electron-lucent zone,
      and were enclosed by an outer unit membrane.

PMID- 164010
TI  - Inhibition of replication of normal adrenocortical cells in culture by
      adrenocorticotropin.
AB  - Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in
      normal adrenocortical cells of adult rats in culture, with a concomitant increase
      in corticosterone production and a characteristic retraction of cells. Both
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP and an analog of ACTH, which produces virtually no cyclic
      AMP, inhibited DNA synthesis and stimulated steroid production. ACTH inhibited
      the proliferation of adrenocortical cells obtained from suckling rats as well as
      the cells obtained from the capsular tissue of adult rat adrenal glands, whereas
      insulin caused a stimulation of DNA synthesis. These results suggest that the
      major role of ACTH is to induce the transformation of the undifferentiated cells
      of the adrenal gland into functional fasciculata cells and that the proliferation
      of adrenocortical cells may be under control of factors other than ACTH.

PMID- 164012
TI  - Biosynthesis of polypeptides of cytochrome c oxidase by isolated mitochondria.
AB  - Yeast mitochondria, incubated with radioactive amino acids in a "protein
      synthesizing mixture" containing an oxidizable substrate and an ATP regenerating
      system, have been shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis to incorporate label into polypeptides equivalent in molecular
      weight and relative amount ot those made in vivo in the presence of
      cycloheximide. The ability of these isolated mitochondria to synthesize "native"
      polypeptides was assessed by examining the incorporation of label into subunits
      of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1). An analysis of immunoprecipitates formed by
      incubating cholate extracts of labeled mitochondria with an antiserum against
      holocytochrome c oxidase revealed that label was incorporated into three
      polypeptides of sizes equivalent to those of cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, II,
      and III, shown from earlier studies in vivo to be translated on mitochondrial
      ribosomes. Further evidence that these polypeptides made in vitro are "native"
      and identical to subunits I, II, and III was provided by the observation that
      labeled polypeptides equivalent in size to subunits I-III- ARE ALSO IMMUNO
      PRECIPITATED BY ANTISERUM AGAINST SUBUNITS V plus VII, an antiserum that can
      precipitate subunits I, II, and III only when they are complexed to the
      cytoplasmically synthesized subunits, V and VII, of the enzyme. These results
      suggest that isolated mitochondria are capable of synthesizing three subunits of
      cytochrome c oxidase and assembling them into a holoenzyme.

PMID- 164013
TI  - Cyclic AMP-dependent endogenous phosphorylation of a microtubule-associated
      protein.
AB  - Microtubules prepared from chick brain homogenates by successive cycles of
      assembly-disassembly were found to contain two high-molecular-weight proteins,
      designated microtubule-associated protein1 and microtubule-associated protein2.
      Microtubule-associated protein2 (apparent molecular weight 300,000 by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) was the preferred substrate
      for an endogenous cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase which appeared to be an
      integral component of the microtubules. The initial rate of phosphorylation of
      microtubule-associated protein2 was enhanced 4- to 6-fold by cyclic AMP, with
      half-maximal stimulation occurring at 2 times 10-7 M cyclic AMP. Under optimal
      conditions, a total of 1.0 and 1.9 mol of phosphate was incorporated per mole of
      microtubule-associated protein2, in the absence and presence of cyclic AMP,
      respectively. Cyclic AMP also stimulated the phosphorylation of tubulin, but the
      rate of phosphate incorporation per mol of tubulin was only 0.15% that of
      microtubule-associated protein2. The data raise the possibility that the cyclic
      AMP-dependent phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2 may play a role
      in microtubule assembly or function.

PMID- 164014
TI  - Interferon action II. Membrane-bound alkaline ribonuclease activity in chick
      embryo cells manifesting interferon-mediated interference.
AB  - Membrane fractions from chick embryo cells manifesting viral interference
      mediated by interferon or poly(I)-poly(C) contain high levels of an alkaline
      ribonuclease. Enhanced RNase activity is not observed when inhibitors of cell
      protein or RNA synthesis are present during interferon treatment, or when
      heterologous interferon is used. The RNase associated with comparable membrane
      fractions from cells treated with mock-interferon is about 1/10 as active, and
      shows qualitative differences. In principle, divergent views of interferon action
      may be reconciled to a common mode of action by postulating that viral
      interference results from a newly induced or activated RNase of cellular origin
      and proper specificity that acts to reduce the accumulation and functional
      capacity of newly synthesized viral RNAs, particularly mRNA. Previous data in
      support of interferon's acting to inhibit virion-derived transcription in vivo
      are now interpreted as demonstrating enhanced degradation of viral transcripts
      (mRNA).

PMID- 164015
TI  - Natural occurrence of poly(ADP-ribosyl) histones in rat liver.
AB  - Poly(ADP-ribose) bound to histones has been isolated from rat liver. When
      [14C]ribose was administered intraperitoneally to rats at a dosage of 300-750 mug
      (100-250 muCi)/10o g, approximately 1% of the radioactivity was recovered in the
      acid (5% CLCCCOOH)-INSOLUBLE MATERIAL OF THE LIVER NUCLEI 2 HR AFTER INJECTION.
      Of the acid-insoluble radioactivity, 4.5-9% was extractable with 0.25 N HCL.
      Carboxymethyl-cellulose column chromatography of the HCl-extracted material
      revealed that the radioactivity cochromatographed with histone subfractions f1
      and, to a lesser extent, f2 and f3. Part of the protein-bound radioactivity was
      rendered acid-soluble by treatment with either snake venom phosphodiesterase or
      neutral NH2OH. From the enzyme digest, 5'-AMP and psiADP-ribose [2'-(5"
      phosphoribosyl)-5'-AMP] were recovered, while the NH2OH treatment yielded ADP
      ribose monomer and, presumably, oligomer. These observations indicate that ADP
      ribose is attached to histones in vivo and is present both as a monomer and a
      polymer.

PMID- 164016
TI  - The antagonistic effect of an inhalation anesthetic and high pressure on the
      phase diagram of mixed dipalmitoyl-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers.
AB  - Several workers have shown that phase transition-related changes in membrane
      lipids have a profound effect on membrane-solvated protein function. This phase
      transition temperature dependence has been explained as resulting from the
      formation of lateral phase separations within the membrane bilayer. The present
      study demonstrates that a clinical concentration of an inhalation anesthetic
      produces changes in both the phase transition temperature of pure lipid bilayers
      and the lateral phase separation temperature of mixed dipalmitoyl- and
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers of a magnitude sufficient to influence
      protein function. It is further shown that pressure is able to antagonize the
      effect of the anesthetic on these transition temperatures. It is proposed that
      anesthetic action within nerve membranes may be the result of changes in the
      lateral phase separation-controlled environment of the membrane-solvated proteins
      essential to nerve function.

PMID- 164017
TI  - Translation and identification of the mRNA species synthesized in vitro by the
      virion-associated RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - Vesicular stomatitis virus messenger RNA has been transcribed in vitro from the
      viral genome by the virion-associated RNA polymerase in quantities suitable for
      translation. Wheat germ cell-free extracts programmed with the isolated in vitro
      12-18S RNA fraction synthesize polypeptides similar to the viral N, NS, and M
      proteins, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and tryptic peptide mapping of the in vitro products and the viral marker
      polypeptides. In addition, the RNA synthesized in vitro also codes for a protein
      of molecular weight 63,000 which may be a nonglycosylated form of the viral
      glycoprotein G. The 12-18S RNA has been partially separated into individual
      messenger species and these have been identified by the proteins for which they
      code. There are four monocistronic messenger species in the in vitro 12-18S RNA
      and the coding capacity of three of these molecules agrees with the estimated
      molecular weight of the polypeptide assigned to it.

PMID- 164018
TI  - Methylated nucleotides block 5'-terminus of vaccinia virus messenger RNA.
AB  - Studies on the nature and location of the methylated nucleotides in mRNA
      synthesized in vitro by vaccinia virus particles revealed an unusual 5'-terminal
      structure. Evidence that the pyrophosphate group is blocked by 7-methylguanosine
      and that both 2'-O-methyl-adenosine and 2'-O-methylguanosine occupy penultimate
      positions was presented. According to this model, the 5'-termini of vaccinia
      virus mRNAs are: 7MeG-5'ppp-5'GMepNp and 7MeG-5'AMepNp.

PMID- 164019
TI  - Competent Bacillus subtilis cultures synthesize a denatured DNA binding activity.
AB  - A protein activity has been detected in soluble extracts of competent cultures of
      bacillus subtilis which protects denatured DNA from nuclease solubilization. Both
      binding activity and competence development occur simultaneously but not
      coordinately, since the peak of binding activity appears 3 hr after the peak of
      competence. The binding activivity is not detected in physiologically
      noncompetent cultures, in an isogenic noncompetent cultures, in an isogenic
      noncompetent mutant grown through the competence regimen, or in early sporulating
      cells. The activity is included on Sephadex G-100 gel filtration columns but
      elutes in a broad nonhomogeneous peak. This binding activity may play a role in
      uptake of DNA and/or integration of exogenous DNA into the genome of competent B.
      subtilis cells.

PMID- 164021
TI  - Effect of a low-molecular-weight DNA binding protein, H1 factor, on the in vitro
      transcription of the lactose operon in Escherichia coli.
AB  - H1 protein, a heat-stable low-molecular-weight DNA-binding factor previously
      described by Cukier-Kahn et al. [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci USA (1972) 69, 3643-3647]
      markedly stimulates in vitro synthesis of lac-specific RNA directed by
      bacteriophage lambdah80 dlac or phi80 dlac DNA templates in the presence of
      purified E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme. The extent of stimulation obtained by
      addition of H1 alone is usually greater than that observed with the cAMP receptor
      protein-cAMP combination. H1 effect varies quite appreciably (from 4- to 16-fold)
      with the functional state of the promoter, being much larger with lambdah80 dlac
      p-s, a transducing DNA carrying a superpromoter mutation, than with lambdah80
      dlac p+. H1 and cAMP receptor protein effects are nearly additive, although
      interpretation of the data obtained at high H1 concentration is complicated by
      the appearance of some inhibitory property. While the cAMP-receptor-protein
      mediated synthesis is asymmetrical ("I" strand almost exclusively copied), the
      degree of asymmetry observed with H1 is less pronounced, suggesting asymmetrical
      copying from the lac promoter and symmetric transcription from other regions of
      the DNA. Synthesis of lac-specific RNA from lambdah80 dtrp/lac or phi80 dlac p-r
      uv5 templates, in which lac promoters are insensitive to cAMP receptor protein,
      either as a result of lac fusion to the trp operon or mutation in the lac
      promoter, is totally H1-insensitive. Glycerol (10-15% w/w) can fully substitute
      for H1 in stimulating lac RNA synthesis in a fashion analogous to that reported
      for the cAMP receptor protein-cAMP system. The possibility that H1 acts by
      causing conformational modifications at the promoter level in a way that
      increases its functional state, and that this effect is more pronounced with
      operons sensitive to cAMP receptor protein, is discussed.

PMID- 164020
TI  - Mechanism of action of cholera toxin and the mobile receptor theory of hormone
      receptor-adenylate cyclase interactions.
AB  - Rat liver membrane adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) that has been stimulated more
      than 10-fold by cholera toxin (choleragen) has a 3-fold greater sensitivity to
      stimulation by glucagon. Choleragen similarly increases the sensitivity of
      cyclase to other peptide (ACTH, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) and nonpeptide
      (catecholamines) hormones in this and other tissues. The rate of 125I-labeled
      glucagon-membrane dissociation is decreased about 2-fold in toxin-treated liver
      membranes. Toxin-activated cyclase activity of fat cell membranes is retained
      upon solubilization with Lubrol PX. Provided 125I-labeled choleragen is first
      incubated with cells under conditions resulting in enzyme activation, the
      solubilized cyclase activity migrates with a component of 125I-labeled choleragen
      on gel filtration chromatography. Agarose derivatives containing the "active"
      subunit (molecular weight 36,000) of the toxin can specifically adsorb
      solubilized adenylate cyclase. Toxin-stimulated cyclase can be immunoprecipitated
      with antitoxin or anti-"active" subunit antibodies. There is a large excess of
      membrane receptors (ganglioside GM1) which, with the use of choleragenoid, can be
      shown to be functionally equivalent with respect to cyclase activation.
      Choleragenoid, an inactive competitive antagonist of toxin binding, can occupy
      and block a large proportion of toxin receptors without affecting toxin activity.
      A scheme of toxin action is proposed that involves lateral membrane diffusion of
      the initially inactive toxin-receptor complex with subsequent direct interaction
      with and modulation of adenylate cyclase. The basic features of this scheme may
      be pertinent to the mechanisms by which hormone receptors normally modulate
      adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 164022
TI  - Fate of viral RNA of murine leukemia virus after infection.
AB  - [3H]Uridine-labeled Rauscher leukemia virus was used to infect mouse embryo
      fibroblasts. After the infected cells were separated into nuclear and cytoplasmic
      fractions nucleic acid was extracted by sodium dodecyl sulfate-phenol-chloroform
      treatment and analyzed by Cs2SO4 and sucrose density gradient centrifugation.
      Between 45 and 70 min after infection a transient and synchronized shift of the
      acid-insoluble radioactive peak toward the RNA-DNA hybrid region occurred in both
      the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. The density of the cytoplasmic hybrid
      shifted to 1.56 g/ml (RNA equals about 50%), while the sedimentation rate
      decreased from 36 S to 14 S; however, the density of the nuclear hybrid shifted
      to 1.58-1.48 g/ml (RNA equals 57-17%, respectively), while its sedimentation rate
      remained about 65 S. The hybrids in both the nuclear and the cytoplasmic
      fractions still showed hybrid density after heat denaturation. The processes of
      the early stages of RNA tumor virus infection are discussed with regard to the
      functions of viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) and a
      possible integration of viral genetic information into the host chromosome.

PMID- 164023
TI  - The structure of a yeast hexokinase monomer and its complexes with substrates at
      2.7-A resolution.
AB  - From a 2.7-A resolution electron density map we have built a model of the
      polypeptide backbone of a monomer of yeast hexokinase B (EC 2.7.1.1). This map
      was obtained from a third crystal form of hexokinase, called BIII, which exhibits
      space group P212121 and which contains only one monomer per asymmetric unit. The
      51,000 molecular weight monomer has an elongated shape (80 A by 55 A by 50 A) and
      is divided into two lobes by a deep central cleft. The polypeptide chain is
      folded into three structural domains, one of which is predominantly alpha-helical
      and two of which each contain a beta-pleated sheet flanked by alpha-helices. Both
      glucose and AMP bind to these crystals and produce significant alterations in the
      protein structure. Glucose binds in the deep cleft, as was observed previously in
      the BII crystal of the dimeric enzyme. AMP, however, binds to a site that is
      different from the major intersubunit ATP binding site observed in the
      crystalline dimer. The AMP is found near one of the beta-pleated sheets. From our
      current interpretation of this electron density map we conclude that neither of
      the two nucleotide binding regions has the same structure as has been observed
      for the nucleotide binding regions of the dehydrogenases, adenylate kinase, and
      phosphoglycerate kinase, although some similarities exist.

PMID- 164024
TI  - Light-stimulated phosphorylation of rhodopsin in the retina: the presence of a
      protein kinase that is specific for photobleached rhodopsin.
AB  - A protein kinase has been extracted from bovine rod outer segments by a mild
      procedure. The enzyme acts specifically on photobleached, not unbleached,
      rhodopsin and will not catalyze the phosphorylation of histones, phosvitin, or
      casein. We propose the name "opsin kinase" for the enzyme, which is not affected
      by cyclic nucleotides but which is inhibited by theophylline. Preparations of
      purified rod outer segments, however, appear to contain only low concentration of
      opsin phosphatase activity.

PMID- 164025
TI  - Spontaneous and induced mutagenesis in Western Equine encephalomyelitis virus in
      chick embryo cells with different repair activity.
AB  - Evidence was obtained indicating differences in the survival rate of Western
      equine encephalomyelitis virus after exposure to ultraviolet radiation and methyl
      methanesulfonate in commercial and leukosisfree chick embryo cells that differed
      in repair activity. The levels of spontaneous mutagenesis (on the basis of the
      yield of small palque variants of the encephalomyelitis virus) did not
      essentially change when the virus was passage in leukosis-free chick embryo
      cells, whereas an increase in the number of small palque variants was observed in
      the cells of commercial chick embryos. A 10-fold increase in the number of
      induced virus variants was observed in commercial chick embryo cells in
      experiments with methyl methanesulfonate as compared with the contorl, whereas
      the induction of virus variants was not noted in leukosis-free cells.

PMID- 164026
TI  - Cobalt(III), a probe of metal binding sites of Escherichia coli alkaline
      phosphatase.
AB  - To facilitate the study of individual metal binding sites of polymeric
      metalloproteins, conversion of exchange-labile Co(II) in E. coli alkaline
      phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) to exchange-inert Co(III) was examined. Oxidation of
      Co(II) alkaline phosphatase with hydrogen peroxide results in a single absorption
      maximum at 530 nm and loss both of the characteristic electron paramagnetic
      signal and of enzymatic activity. Zinc neither reactivates this enzyme nor
      displaces the oxidized cobalt atoms. Metal and amino-acid analyses demonstrate
      that oxidation alters neither cobalt binding nor amino-acid composition of the
      enzyme. Al data are consistent with the conclusion that hydrogen peroxide
      oxidizes Co(II) in alkaline phosphatase to Co(III). Polymeric metalloenzymes can
      contain different categories of metal atoms serving in catalysis, structure
      stabilization, and/or control and exerting their effects independently or
      interdependently. The in situ conversion of exchange-labile Co(II) to exchange
      stable (Co(III) offers a method to selectively and differentially "freeze" cobalt
      atoms at their respective binding sites. The accompanying spectral changes and
      concomitant retardation in ligand exchange reactions may be used to differentiate
      between specific metal binding sites that serve different roles in polymeric
      metalloenzymes.

PMID- 164027
TI  - Changes of tissue water proton relaxation rates during early phases of chemical
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - Water proton spin lattice relaxation rate (T1) was determined on tissues of rats
      experiencing early phases of chemical carcinogenesis. Rats were fed a fast acting
      carcinogen, 3'-methyldimethylaminoazobenzene, and a slower acting carcinogen, 2
      acetylaminofluorene, for up to 4 weeks. T1 of blood serum and liver tissue was
      significantly higher than those of controls after 4 weeks of 3'
      methyldimethylaminoazobenzene feeding. This was not the case for 2
      acetylaminofluorene. The blood serum T1 increase reflected the onset of liver
      nodulation (assumed to be preneoplastic). Liver T1 values increased as the degree
      of nodulation increased. Blood serum T1 correlated inversely with protein content
      and directly with water content. Liver T1 values correlated with water content,
      but this was not true for spleen T1 values. Spleen T1 values were significantly
      lower than controls at the earliest sampling date for each carcinogen: one week
      for 3'-methyldimethylaminoazobenzene and 4 weeks for 2-acetylaminofluorene. The
      spleen T1 decrease paralleled an increase of iron detectable by electron spin
      resonance in this tissue. Spleen T1 decreases are probably not unique to chemical
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 164028
TI  - Genetic heterogeneity in xeroderma pigmentosum: complementation groups and their
      relationship to DNA repair rates.
AB  - Fibroblast strains from 12 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum had lower than
      normal rates of DNA repair, as determined by autoradiographic studies of
      ultraviolet-induced unscheduled nuclear DNA synthesis. The nuclei in binuclear
      cells, obtained by fusing fibroblasts from certain pairs of these strains, had a
      greater rate of DNA repair than the nuclei of either strain's unfused mononuclear
      cells. These results indicate that complementary corrections of the strains'
      repair defects had occurred in the fused cells. Four complementation groups were
      found, indicating that at least four mutations caused decreased DNA repair among
      these 12 strains. The unfused mononuclear cells of each group had a
      characteristic rate of repair that differed from the rates of the other groups.

PMID- 164029
TI  - Identification of a calcium-binding protein as a calcium-dependent regulator of
      brain adenylate cyclase.
AB  - An activating factor of adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) HAS BEEN OBTAINED FROM
      DETERGENT-DISPERSED PREPARATIONS OF PORCINE CEREBRAL CORTEX BY COLUMN
      CHROMATOGRAPHY ON ECTEOLA-cellulose. The factor was identified by acrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and by enzyme activation studies as the Ca2+-binding protein that
      regulates the activity of a brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. This Ca2+
      binding protein confers a Ca2+-dependent activation upon the adenylate cyclase,
      which is reversed by the subsequent addition of egta in excess of the free Ca2+.
      It is proposed that this Ca2+-dependent regulator controls enzymatic activities
      responsible for the synthesis of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and for the
      hydrolysis of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate.

PMID- 164030
TI  - A routine method for protein-free spreading of double- and single-stranded
      nucleic acid molecules.
AB  - A protein-free nucleic acid preparation method for electron microscopy is
      described. The basic procedure is very similar to the classical protein monolayer
      spreading techniques. The carrier protein (usually cytochrome c) is replaced by
      benzyldimethylalkylammonium chloride. Both the hypophase method and the
      microdiffusion or droplet method can be applied with this compound. Unlike
      cytochrome c, benzyldimethylalkylammonium chloride does not lead to any apparent
      thickening of the nucleic acid strands. Partially denatured DNA spread with this
      reagent shows a loosened structure with a foamy appearance in the regions
      previously considered to be "unmelted," which open up locally into melted loops
      of different size. Specifically bound proteins, such as RNA polymerase on
      bacteriophage T7 DNA, can be detected unambiguously.

PMID- 164032
TI  - Rehabilitation of the paralytic drop foot in Hansen's disease.

PMID- 164031
TI  - Differentiation in erythroleukemic cells and their somatic hybrids.
AB  - Clones of erythroleukemic cells differ in the extent to which they (1) undergo
      differentiation spontaneously and (2) can be induced to differentiate in the
      presence of dimethylsulfoxide. Here we demonstrate that relative differences in
      globin gene expression within and between clones largely reflect differences in
      the proportion of cells participating in differentiation rather than uniform
      differences in the extent to which all cells in these clones undergo
      differentiation. We call this phenotype of a clone its characteristic probability
      of differentiation, a property that reflects the likelihood that a cell of this
      clone will undergo erythrodifferentiation under given conditions. We have
      examined somatic hybrid cells formed between similar erythroleukemic lines,
      between phenotypically different erythroleukemic lines, between phenotypically
      different erythroleukemic lines, and between erythroleukemic cells and mouse
      fibroblasts. Results of these experiments demonstrate that the spontaneous and
      induced probabilities of differentiation may be altered in an uncoupled fashion,
      suggesting that each is determined at different steps leading to a common pathway
      of globin gene expression.

PMID- 164033
TI  - The rare, inexorable, lethal "benign mixed tumor" of the parotid.

PMID- 164034
TI  - Bilateral subungual glomus tumors.

PMID- 164035
TI  - Editorial: Sleep research and mental illness.

PMID- 164037
TI  - ESR study of hydrogen exchange reaction in x-ray-irradiated glycine.

PMID- 164036
TI  - Modification of postirradiation survival of mammalian cells by intracellular
      cyclic AMP.

PMID- 164038
TI  - Electron spin resonance study of liquids during photolysis. XVIII. 2,6
      Pyridinedicarboxylic acid.

PMID- 164039
TI  - Neuroradiology of the sphenoidal region.
AB  - The neuroradiological techniques employed in diagnosing a series of 54 lesions
      involving the superior orbital fissure and cavernous sinus (sphenoidal region)
      were reviewed in order to compare the value of sphenoidal tomography,
      pneumoencephalography, cerebral arteriography and sphenoidal venography. The
      patients included in the series exhibited clinical syndromes of sphenoidal region
      cranial nerve deficits. Confirmation of the sphenoidal region disorder was
      obtained in all cases. Of the four procedures, sphenoidal venography and basal
      tomography yielded the highest rate of positive studies.

PMID- 164040
TI  - Polytomoencephalography of the optic chiasm and adjacent structures.
AB  - The addition of polytomography considerably increases the sensitivity of
      pneumoencephalography. The chiasmatic area lends itself particularly well to
      investigation by polytomoencephalography. In a series of 28 patients, the
      transverse dimension of the optic chiasm ranged from 4 to 20 mm, with a mean of
      18 mm. The posterior portion of the chiasm tended to be U-shaped; its anterior
      portion's shape was that of a dumbbell. Intrachiasmatic tumors distort and
      enlarge the chiasm. The diaphragma sella is also particularly well evaluated by
      this technique. The study is safe, reliable, and can be repeated as needed.

PMID- 164041
TI  - Results of postoperative megavoltage radiotherapy of malignant surface epithelial
      tumors of the ovary.
AB  - The results of postoperative radiotherapy in 151 patients with malignant
      epithelial tumors of the ovary are presented. Actuarial survival at five years
      for patients in FIGO Stage I was 76%; in Stage II, 56%; Stage III, 16%; and Stage
      IV, 0%. Survival also varied with histopathological type, the best prognoses
      occuring in the serous (malignant) and endometrioid types (NED survival of 35%
      and 50%, totalling all stages, respectively). The presence of ascites or
      intraperitoneal surgical spillage did not adversely affect survival. The role of
      lymphangiography in staging is discussed. New approaches to diagnosis, staging
      and treatment are required for improving the prognosis of patients with ovarian
      carcinoma.

PMID- 164042
TI  - Conditioned medium from plateau-phase cells. Effect on growth of proliferative
      cells and on repair of potentially lethal radiation damage.
AB  - In vitro cell cultures grown into plateau phase may be more suitable than
      exponentially growing cells as a model for tumor cell growth in vivo. Conditioned
      medium extracted from cells in plateau phase inhibits growth of log-phase
      cultures of either the same or a different cell line. Attempts to demonstrate
      that this inhibition is due to a heat-labile diffusible substance have failed.
      Conditioned medium extracted from plateau-phase cultures was effective in
      enhancing repair of potentially lethal damage following x irradiation. Cell
      survival is significantly increased following a six-hour postirradiation culture
      in conditioned medium as opposed to complete fresh medium.

PMID- 164043
TI  - Idiopathic congenital hemihypertrophy with associated ipsilateral benign
      nephromegaly.
AB  - Two cases of idiopathic congenital hemihypertrophy with ipsilateral benign
      nephromegaly are presented. Excretory urography usually differentiates benign
      renal enlargement from Wilm's tumor in these patients. Angiography is indicated
      in equivocal cases. The clinical features, differential diagnosis, associated
      conditions, and importance of radiologic reevaluation in patients with
      hemihypertrophy are discussed.

PMID- 164044
TI  - Fever, lethargy and rash complicating treatment for Wilms' tumor-a new syndrome?
AB  - A syndrome of fever, lethargy, irritability and rash occurred in patients
      undergoing surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy for Wilms' tumor. The incidence,
      course and severity of these findings are described. Potential etiologic factors
      are analyzed and a hypothesis advanced.

PMID- 164045
TI  - The hazards of myelography.
AB  - The history of myelography and reactions to various contrast media is reviewed.
      Air is completely absorbed without producing long-term side effects. Lipiodol and
      Pantopaque are not absorbed and residual medium in the spinal canal can cause
      arachnoiditis. Other agents as Diodrast and Thorotrast never gained widespread
      acceptance. The water-soluble Dimer-X and Conray 60 have come into prominence but
      they are not totally without reactions. Recently a new water-soluble nonionic
      contrast medium has been developed in Norway. Metrizamide (Amipaque) has the same
      overall density as other water-soluble media but produces fewer reactions.

PMID- 164046
TI  - Computed tomography of liver specimens.
AB  - Fourteen liver specimens were studied by computed tomography with pathological
      correlation to evaluate the possible application of this technique to the
      diagnosis of hepatic lesions. Lesions were clearly demonstrated in 9 of 10
      abnormal specimens, but differentiation among hepatomas, metastases, and cysts
      was not possible in vitro.

PMID- 164047
TI  - Angiographic signs of corpus callosal tumors: a reappraisal.
AB  - Angiographic findings of eleven corpus callosal tumors are analyzed. Three new
      angiographic signs are demonstration of the lateral ventricular roof veins,
      spreading of the septal veins, and actual demonstration of corpus callosal
      thickening. In contrast to traditional concepts, diagnostic abnormalities were
      angiographically demonstrated in all eleven cases. Biplane angiotomography is of
      vital importance in the angiographic diagnosis of this frequently subtle tumor.

PMID- 164048
TI  - Assembly of viruses.

PMID- 164049
TI  - The role of viruses in the pathogenesis of pancreatic disease and diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 164050
TI  - Identification and interrelationships of the variola/vaccinia subgroup of
      poxviruses.

PMID- 164051
TI  - An attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine.

PMID- 164052
TI  - Growth cycle of arboviruses in vertebrate and arthropod cells.

PMID- 164053
TI  - The densities of herpesviral DNAs.

PMID- 164054
TI  - Structural and functional alterations in cultured cells infected with cytocidal
      viruses.

PMID- 164055
TI  - Virus neutralization and virus-induced immune complex disease. Virus-antibody
      union resulting in immunoprotection or immunologic injury--two sides of the same
      coin.

PMID- 164056
TI  - Zwoegerziekte virus, the causative agent for progressive interstitial pneumonia
      (maedi) and meningo-leucoencephalitis (visna) in sheep.
AB  - The final results of experimental infections with virus recovered from the lungs
      of sheep suffering from progressive interstitial pneumonia (=zwoegerziekte=maedi)
      are reported. The virus could be reisolated from blood samples of all
      experimentally infected sheep. Every animal produced antibodies against the
      virus. The neutralising, complement-fixing and precipitating antibodies remained
      present in the blood for six years. Fourteen out of 21 intrapulmonarily infected
      sheep developed clinical and/or histopathological lung lesions and in three a
      meningo-leucoencephalitis was detected in addition. One of these three developed
      the clinical and pathological signs of 'visna' 14 months after inoculation. Signs
      of visna were seen in eight of 10 sheep that had been inoculated intracerebrally.
      Furthermore, nine of these sheep suffered from progressive interstitial
      pneumonia. Hence the name maedi-visna virus is proposed for the agent which
      causes both disease entities. Three sheep that yielded virus after infection and
      in which antibodies were detected, did not develop histopathological lesions.

PMID- 164057
TI  - Some aspects of lipid metabolism in fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chicks.
AB  - Various aspects of lipid metabolism were examined in broiler chicks affected with
      fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS). Plasma free fatty acid concentrations
      were invariably elevated. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were increased
      amounts of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose
      tissue was considerably reduced, but in heart tissue the enzyme activity was
      increased. Hepatic lipogenesis was reduced. Rates of oxidation of palmitic and
      succinic acids by liver, heart and kidney were normal. The increased oxidation
      rate of palmitic acid following the addition of carnitine was also normal. These
      findings indicate that elevated blood lipid levels are likely to be an important
      factor contributing to the development of fatty deposition, particularly in
      extrahepatic tissues.

PMID- 164058
TI  - The relation between the rabbit potency test and the response of sheep to sheep
      clostridial vaccines.
AB  - Six commercially available clostridial vaccines comprising one oil-emulsion, two
      alum-precipitated and three aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted preparations, each
      containing between two and seven antigenic components, were administered to
      groups of 10 rabbits and eight sheep in accordance with manufacturers'
      recommendations. Serum antitoxic values to Cl welchii beta, Cl welchii epsilon,
      Cl septicum, Cl oedematins and Cl tetani toxins were determined 14 days after
      completion of each vaccination course. The overall pattern of mean antitoxic
      values was found to be similar in sheep and rabbits, a vaccine eliciting a
      comparatively high antibody titre to any given antigen component in sheep also
      inducing a comparatively high titre in the corresponding group of rabbits.
      Similarly, comparatively poor responses in sheep were associated with poor
      responses in rabbits. The degree of variation in response within groups of
      animals was greater in sheep than in rabbits for all five antigenic components
      assayed. Sheep consistently developed higher titres than rabbits to Cl oedematins
      component but consistently lower titres to both Cl welchii beta and epsilon
      components irrespective of the type of vaccine used. The response of both species
      to Cl tetani antigen was similar in terms of serum antitoxic values. It was
      concluded that rabbits provide a suitable model for the assessment of potency of
      sheep clostridial vaccines.

PMID- 164059
TI  - Insulin receptor: role in the resistance of human obesity to insulin.
AB  - Large adipocytes from obese subjects have similar receptor numbers and affinities
      for insulin as small adipocytes from subjects of normal weight. These results
      indicate that the insulin insensitivity of large fat cells from obese humans
      occurs after the insulin-receptor interaction and might be explained by either a
      dilution of receptors over the cell surface or by alterations in intracellular
      metabolism.

PMID- 164060
TI  - Induction of neural differentiation in cultures of amphibian undetermined
      presumptive epidermis by cyclic AMP derivatives.
AB  - Induction of neural differentiation in cultures of undetermined presumptive
      epidermis from three amphibian species was achieved by the addition of 1
      millimolar dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, 8-bromadenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate, or adenosine C',E'-monophosphate together with theophylline.
      Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine 2',3'-monophosphate, dibutyryl guanosine
      3',5'-monophosphate, and butyrate at 1 millimolar are ineffective. These results
      suggest that the action of the primary inductor or inductors may be mediated via
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.

PMID- 164061
TI  - The lamellar substructure of osmiophilic inclusion bodies present in rat type II
      alveolar pneumonocytes.
AB  - When rat pulmonary tissues are processed as outlined in this paper, the type II
      cell's surfactant containing osmiophilic inclusion bodies possess a periodic
      substructure. This substructure consists of electron-opaque lamellae, 26 A in
      thickness alternating with 16 A wide electron-translucent zones.

PMID- 164062
TI  - The inhibitive effects of steroid analogues in the binding of tritiated 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone to receptor proteins from rat prostate tissue.
AB  - The relationship between molecular structure and the binding potential of
      steroids to receptor proteins was investigated. Twenty-four selected steroids
      were studied in minced incubations of rat prostate tissue. Measurements of the
      inhibitory effects of the steroids on the binding of tritiated 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone to the receptor proteins were obtained in the 100,000 times g
      dialysed supernatant and the purified nuclear component of the prostate cells.
      The steroids that achieved the highest degree of inhibition were those compounds
      that exhibited a generally planar geometric shape and were known to possess
      potent androgenic activity. Several of the compounds were shown to possess a
      higher degree of inhibition than that of testosterone or 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone. The data is further supportive of the two step theory that
      necessitates the complexing of the free steroids to the receptor proteins in the
      cytosol before transport to the nuclei. Evidence is also suggestive of the
      presence of 17-esterase activity. The inhibitory effect of the steroids
      apparently involves the binding to the intracellular receptors and is not related
      to the uptake of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone into the cell.

PMID- 164063
TI  - The urinary metabolites of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol-9alpha,11xi-3H in women.
      Chromatographic profiling and indentification of ethynyl and non-ethynyl
      compounds.
AB  - Metabolites of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) were obtained from human urine
      following ingestion of tritium-labeled EE2. Over 95% of the recovered activity
      was found as conjugated steroids and these were separated into four groups by
      chromatography of the urine extract on Sephadex LH-20 with chloroform-methanol
      (1/1) + 0.01M NaCl. The two major conjugate fractions appeared to be almost
      exclusively glucosiduronates. Enzymatic hydrolysis liberated at least ten
      different EE2 metabolites as shown by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 with
      benzene-methanol (85/15). After additional separation and purification of these
      metabolites, positive identification was obtained for nine radioactive compounds
      by either gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or reverse-isotope
      recrystallization. Five were ethynyl compounds: EE2, 2-MeO EE2, 16beta-OH EE2, 2
      OH EE2 and 6alpha-OH EE2. The other four were de-ethynylated estrogens: estrone,
      estradiol-17beta, estriol, and 2-Me-O-estradiol-17beta.

PMID- 164064
TI  - Androgen-induced nuclear accumulation of the estrogen receptor.
AB  - The effect of androgens on the nuclear uptake of both tritiated estradiol (3H-E2)
      and the estrogen receptor was studied in immature rat uteri. It was demonstrated
      that in vitro preincubation of immature rat uteri with various androgens (1 muM
      to 50 muM) followed by incubation with 3H-E2 (20 nM) resulted in a greatly
      decreased specific nuclear uptake of 3H-E2. Non-androgenic steroids had no
      effect. It was also confirmed that 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) causes the
      accumulation of the estrogen receptor in the nuclei of uterine tissue. In vitro
      incubations of rat uteri with DHT (1muM and 50muM) were found to cause maximal
      nuclear estrogen receptor accumulation to the same degree as caused by estradiol,
      i.e. the nuclear uptake of approximately 100% of the estrogen receptor.
      Antiandrogens, which block the binding of androgens to the testosterone receptor
      in various tissues, did not inhibit the DHT - induced decrease in the 3H-E2
      uptake by the uterine nuclei or the DHT - caused accumulation of the estrogen
      receptor in nuclei. These results seem to indicate that the uterine testosterone
      receptor has no role in the androgen - induced nuclear uptake of the estrogen
      receptor. However, the non-steroidal antiestrogens inhibited the DHT - induced
      nuclear accumulation of the estrogen receptor. This would seem to indicate that
      the estrogen - and androgen - induced nuclear accumulation of the estrogen
      receptor share a common mechanism.

PMID- 164065
TI  - Lymphocyte adenyl cyclase activity in canine renal transplant rejection.

PMID- 164066
TI  - Corticosteroids in immunosuppression: partial fulfillment of a promise.

PMID- 164067
TI  - Mechanism of glucocorticoid action: general features, with reference to steroid
      mediated immunosuppression.

PMID- 164068
TI  - An overview of steroids in transplantation and glomerular disease.

PMID- 164069
TI  - [Membrane antigens of Zajdela ascitic hepatoma].
AB  - The membrane antigens of Zajdela ascitic hepatoma cells were investigated. Living
      cells were studied by immunofluorescence method, and solublized membrane
      preparations by the precipitation reacting in agar gel. Testing of the tumor
      cells with organospecific anti-kidney serum caused a specific fluorescence of
      tumor cells surface. This can be due to incorporation into the antigenic
      structure of the Zajdela hepatoma cell membranes of at least one organospecific
      antigen. Treatment of the tumor cells with organospecific anti-liver serum led to
      specific fluorescence of tumor cells surface. In solubilizates of the tumor cells
      one of the three organospecific antigens peculiar for the normal liver cells, was
      detected.

PMID- 164070
TI  - [Quantitative changes in proteins in the cat parietal zone large pyramids in
      various sleep stages and during wakefulness].
AB  - Protein content in large pyramidal cells of the parietal cortex was shown to be
      by 28.9% lesser during the slow--wave sleep than during the paradoxical sleep.

PMID- 164071
TI  - [Electron microscopic and electron histochemical study of mitochondrial
      inclusions in insect intestine epithelial cells].
AB  - The electron microscope investigation of the midgut epithelial cells of Chaoborus
      obscuripes revealed special membrane formations in mitochondria. The
      mitochondrial inclusions (MI) look like small membranous whorls about 0.2--0.3
      microns in diameter. In a certain period of functional activity, MI start leaving
      the mitochondria and appear in cytoplasm. Later, large multimembrane structures
      (MS) composed of parallel membranes in concentric or whorl--like arrangement are
      observed in the cytoplasm. At first MS are situated in the vicinity of
      mitochondria, then they gather near the base of the villus. The relationship
      between appearance of MI and MS in the cytoplasm and the digestion process was
      revealed. Treatment of ultrathin sections with H202 or H5J06 showed MI and MS to
      be composed mainly of lipids. This suggests that MI and MS,probably, take part in
      the lipids metabolism of the midgut epithelial cells of insect.

PMID- 164072
TI  - [Familial type V hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 164073
TI  - [Niemann-Pick's disease].

PMID- 164074
TI  - Case profile of the month.

PMID- 164075
TI  - [Benign non-epithelial tumors of the stomach].
AB  - Data relative to 36 patients with benign gastric tumors of various histological
      structure have been studied. The clinical picture, methods of diagnosis and
      operative technic wwere discussed. Based on the author's personal data a
      conslusion is drawn on the possibility of a preoperative diagnosis of benign non
      epithelial tumors of the stomach and indications to dissection of a tumor instead
      of gastric resection.

PMID- 164077
TI  - Histiocytoma of the eyelid of a dog.

PMID- 164076
TI  - Antitoxin titer in colostrum and milk after vaccination of sows with Clostridium
      perfringens type C toxoid vaccine.

PMID- 164078
TI  - Entamoeba histolytica in a dog.

PMID- 164079
TI  - Serologic response of lambs to live virus vaccines containing infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis, bovine virus diarrhea and bovine myxovirus parainfluenza-3.

PMID- 164080
TI  - Effect of infectious bursal disease on the response of chickens to S typhimurium
      and E coli infections.

PMID- 164081
TI  - Editorial: Advances in leukaemia virus research.

PMID- 164082
TI  - An outbreak of C welchii type C enterotoxaemia in young lambs in south west
      Scotland.

PMID- 164083
TI  - [Determination of carboxycathepsin (peptidyl dipeptidase) activity in human blood
      serum].
AB  - Based on fluorometric determination of a dipeptide histidil-leucine, which is
      splitted off from a synthetic substrate (Cbz-Phe-His-Leu) by carboxycathepsin
      (carboxydipeptidyl peptide hydrolase), a method was developed for estimation of
      the enzymatic activity in human blood serum. The method is characterized by
      simplicity and high sensitivity; Use of small amount of blood serum (about 0.03
      ml) was possible. In normal human blood serum the carboxycathepsin activity
      varied from 7.5 to 18 nmoles of the dipeptide, liberated per mg of protein per
      hr.

PMID- 164084
TI  - [Isoelectric focusing of low-density serum lipoproteins].

PMID- 164085
TI  - [Change in the glycolytic and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in
      experimental cirrhosis of the liver].
AB  - Development of cirrhosis of liver tissue did not influence the intensity of
      glycolysis, with glucose as a substrate, in supernatant fraction of liver
      homogenate in chronic intoxication with CCL4. In preparations of cirrhotic liver,
      as compared with liver from the intact animals, more distinct activation of
      glycolysis was caused by addition of ATP and NAD at the stage of 3-week
      intoxication and also by addition of hexokinase, glyceraldehydephosphate
      dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase at the stage of distinct cirrhosis of
      liver (6 weeks of CCL4 intoxication). Km values for glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase increased over all the periods of intoxication.

PMID- 164087
TI  - Effects of proteases and neuraminidase on RBC surface charge and agglutination. A
      kinetic study.
AB  - Electrophoretic mobility, membrane sialic acid content and agglutinability by
      "incomplete" antisera against Rh-o, hr' and k antigens were determined for red
      blood cells in the course of treatment with trypsin, ficin and neuraminidase.
      Neuraminidase gradually produces a slight to moderate agglutinability as it
      reduced surface charge density in proportion to the amount of sialic acid
      removed. Proteases acted in two distinct steps. The first stage is characterized
      by the cells rapidly becoming highly agglutinable and by the unmasking of new
      negative charge as the first half of the sialic acid is removed. In the second
      stage the cells show a slight gain in agglutinability as surface charge is
      removed in proportion to sialic acid removal as in the case of neuraminidase.
      Neuraminidase-treated cells are considerably less agglutinable than cells reduced
      to the same zeta-potential by protease treatment. The greater efficacy of
      proteases compared to neuraminidase in making cells agglutinable could be because
      they not only reduce surface charge density but also increase antigen-antibody
      bond strength, render antigens more mobile in the membrane to allow clustering in
      regions of cell to cell antibody bridging and remove glycopeptide chains which
      may be causing steric hindrance to antigen-antibody binding or to cell-cell
      contact.

PMID- 164086
TI  - [Experience with intrathecal administration of methotrexate in the chemotherapy
      of malignant intracerebral tumors].

PMID- 164089
TI  - [Recommendations for surveillance of persons exposed to cadmium, from the
      viewpoint of industrial medicine].

PMID- 164088
TI  - [Synthesis and properties of 5-acetyl-4-methyl-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-imidazole
      5' di-and-triphosphate].
AB  - 5-Acetyl-4-methyl-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-imidazole-5'-phosphate reacts with
      diphenylphospho chloridate forming the asymmetrical pyrophosphate ester. This in
      turn reacts with tri-n-butyl-ammonium phosphate yielding 5-acetyl-4-methyl
      imidazole-riboside-5'-diphosphate and with tri-n-butylammonium pyrophosphate to
      give the nucleotide triphosphate. 5-Acetyl-4-methyl-imidazole-riboside-5'
      pyrophosphate shows in the test with pyruvate kinase a reaction rate three times
      slower than that of ADP; but the same Km as that of ADP. The ATP analogue is only
      about 10% as effective as ATP itself in the test with hexokinase, 3
      phosphoglycerate kinase and gloconate kinase. Adenylate kinase and NAD" kinase
      show no activity when ATP is replaced by the nucleotide-triphosphate-analogue. In
      presence of ATP the analogue strongly inhibits the reaction of adenylate kinase.

PMID- 164090
TI  - [The role of sensitization in the clinical and experimental development of
      neurological syndromes in para-influenza].

PMID- 164091
TI  - [Unithiol in the complex treatment of the acute period of closed cranio-cerebral
      trauma].

PMID- 164092
TI  - The relative roles of iodination and iodothyronine content on thyroglobulin
      stability.
AB  - We have independently varied the degree of iodination and of iodothyronine
      formation over a wide range by acutely administering various doses of perchlorate
      and/or methimazole to severely iodine-deficient rats 30 min before giving 131-I-
      with graded quantities (1-100 mug of 127-I-). Thyroids were removed 4 h later and
      the soluble protein analyzed for labelled iodoamino acid composition and with
      sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Since the total thyroid iodine
      content before administering 127I- was less than 1 mug, calculation of the degree
      of iodination and iodothyronine content of the labelled Tgb could be made from
      the known specificity of the injected labelled iodide. Newly organified iodine
      ranged from smaller than 0.1 to 1.4 mug/thyroid and labelled iodothyronines from
      smaller than 5 to 962 pmoles/thyroid. Both the degree of iodination and
      iodothyronine content varied directly with Tgb stability in the absence of
      inhibitors. But when Tgb iodination was kept constant, Tgb stability at pH 10.1
      varied directly with iodothyronine content. When iodothyronine content was kept
      constant, Tgb stability was independent of the degree of iodination. Correlation
      of stability with iodothyronine content was highly significant (r=0.79, Psmaller
      than 0.001) but not of stability with iodine content (r=0.49, P larger than
      0.05). We conclude that the primary determinant of Tgb stability in mild alkali
      is the iodothyronine content and not the degree of iodination of the protein. The
      increased Tgb stability may be induced by coupling between iodotyrosil residues
      of different 12 S subunits rather than between residues of the same 12 S subunit.

PMID- 164093
TI  - Regulation of plasma oestrogens in normal adult males. II. Response of
      oestradiol, oestrone, testosterone and cortisol to dexamethasone and ACTH
      administration.
AB  - The response of plasma oestradiol (Oe-2), oestrone (Oe-1), testosterone (T) and
      cortisol to dexamethasone and ACTH administration in normal adult males was
      ascertained. After an oral dose of 1.5 mg dexamethasone Oe-1 decreased from 2. 51
      to 1.85 ng/100 ml (74% of the control level, mean of 15 subjects) over night and
      after continuing the dexamethasone administration for two more days (twice daily
      1.5 mg) Oe-1 decreased to 1.30 ng/100 ml (52%). Oe-2 (control level 1.71 ng/100
      ml) and T (678 ng/100 ml) did not change over night, but at the end of the test
      Oe-2 decreased to 84% and T to 91% of the control level. After a single im
      injection of 2 mg beta 1-24 cortrophin Oe-1 increased 1.9 times (meanof 13
      subjects) without further increase during two more days of treatment (twice daily
      1 mg), while Oe-2 did not change over night and decreased to 75% of the control
      level at the end of the test. Under ACTH T decreased to 66% of the control level
      over night and to 50% at the end of the test indicating a suppression of the
      testicular hormone secretion. From these results and those reported previously it
      was concluded that the testicular hormone secretion influences mainly Oe-2 in
      peripheral plasma, while Oe-1 depends mainly on the adrenal hormone secretion.

PMID- 164094
TI  - Progesterone-binding proteins: in vitro binding and biological activity of
      different steroidal ligands.
AB  - Progesterone-binding proteins from human, rabbit, sheep and guinea pig myometrial
      cytosol, all induced with oestradiol, as well as from pregnant guinea pig
      myometrium and plasma were investigated. The physico-chemical properties of the
      oestradiol-induced binding proteins were very similar in all the species studied.
      In all, 63 steroids were tested for their ability to compete with tritiated
      progesterone for the binding sites on these six proteins and their relative
      affinities were determined. The studies reveal that the ligand specificities of
      oestrogen-induced myometrial binding proteins from human, rabbit and sheep are
      rather similar, whereas that from guinea pig myometrium has different binding
      characteristics. The properties of the binding proteins from pregnant guinea pig
      uterus and plasma differ substantially from all of the induced proteins. It is
      clear from the different physico-chemical characteristics and binding
      specificities that the oestrogen-induced myometrial protein of the guinea pig is
      not the same as that which appears in the myometrium and plasma during pregnancy.
      The binding energies of the well bound progestational compounds were of the order
      of -12 Kcal/mole, half of which stems from the interaction of the steroid nucleus
      with the protein. The specific interaction of the protein with the two functional
      groups, the 3-keto-4-ene system and the acetyl sid chain each contributed-3
      Kcal/mole. In the case of the rabbit, sheep and human proteins a 17alpha-ethynyl
      17beta-hydroxyl function could replace the acetyl side chain. For a large number
      of steroids reasonable agreement existed between the degree of binding to the
      rabbit myometrial protein and in vivo biological activity (Clauberg-McPhail test)
      in the same species. The data suggest that as far asthe binding aspect is
      concerned, the rabbit is an appropriate model for assessing the biological
      activity of compounds under development for human application. The in vitro
      binding system is also a useful tool to assess whether steroids need to be bio
      activated before eliciting a biological response.

PMID- 164095
TI  - Progesterone-binding proteins from endometrium and myometrium of sheep uterus: a
      comparative study.
AB  - The binding of tritiated proesterone to the cytoplasmic progestogen receptors
      from oestrogen-primed sheep endometrium and myometrium has been investigated. The
      binding characteristics of the progesterone receptors from both sources were
      determined in the supernatant fractions obtained after high speed centrifugation
      of the myometrial and endometrial homogenates. High affinity binding proteins
      with identical association constants for progesterone (1 times 10-9 M-1) were
      detected in both endometrium and myometrium. The concentration of binding sites
      was also of the same order of magnitude in both tissues. After centrifugation on
      surcrose gradients, these binding proteins were shown to have similar
      sedimentation constants, 7S in a gradient containing no added KC1 and 4S in a
      gradient containing 0.4 M KC1. The binding peaks from both sources could be
      abolished by heating the cytosol at 60 degrees C for half an hour. The
      proteinaceous nature of the binding materials was demonstrated by incubation of
      the endometrial and myometrial cytosols with pronase, DNase and RNase: the
      binding was totally eliminated by the proteolytic action of pronase whereas DNase
      and RNase had no effect. The ligand specificity of the two progesterone binding
      proteins was studied using a competitive protein-binding technique. Both the
      endometrial and the myometrial receptor proteins were shown to bind only steroids
      which are known potent progestogens. In addition, the relative affinities of the
      binding proteins for 37 steroidal compounds closely resembled each other. Thus,
      the physiochemical and binding data obtained show that a very close similarity
      exists between the progesterone-binding proteins in the endometrium and
      myometrium of ovariectomized sheep after oestradiol treatment.

PMID- 164096
TI  - Plasma testosterone in Klinefelter's syndrome: diurnal variation and response to
      ACTH and dexamethasone.
AB  - The mean basal plasma testosterone level in 28 patients with chromatin positive
      Klinefelter's syndrome was significantly lower than in 58 healthy male controls.
      In 12 of the patients the hormone levels were in the normal range. In both the
      eugonadal males and the Klinefelter patients the plasma testosterone levels
      spontaneously decreased throughout the day, the relative decrease in both groups
      being of the same order of magnitude. Short term ACTH infusion and the
      administration of dexamethasone did not significantly influence the plasma
      testosterone concentration in the Klinefelter patients. These findings do not
      support the view that the adrenal cortex plays a major role in contributing to
      the circulating plasma testosterone levels in this syndrome.

PMID- 164097
TI  - Proceedings: Adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase in rat gastric mucosa.

PMID- 164098
TI  - Physiology of the nervous system: from the molecular to the behavioral.

PMID- 164100
TI  - Investigations on the role of acetylcholine esterase in hypersensitivity states.

PMID- 164101
TI  - Characteristics of proliferative cells from young, old, and transformed WI 38
      cultures.
AB  - Mitotic cells were obtained by a shake off procedure from cultures of normal WI
      38 cells at various passage levels, and from SV-40 virus transformed cells. The
      size of all mitotic WI 38 cells was similar regardless of in vitro age, whereas
      cells from the monolayer displayed an age-related increase in size. Mitotic
      transformed cells were similar to normal in size, but no size changes were
      observed in transformed monolayer cells during serial passage. Ultrastructural
      studies of mitotic WI 38 cells revealed no consistent change in the numbers of
      mitochondria or lysosome-like bodies during aging in culture. Mitotic transformed
      cells displayed numbers of mitochondria comparable to normal cells, but lysosome
      like bodies occurred less frequently. Size distribution and structural
      characteristic are presented in relation to the ability of cells to synthesize
      DNA and to divide. These results support the contention that aging in WI 38
      cultures is characterized by a declining fraction of homogeneous, actively
      dividing cells, and an increasing fraction of heterogenous nondividers that
      display senescent changes.

PMID- 164099
TI  - Viral infection and psychiatric disorders.
AB  - A psychiatric population of 94 inpatients and 12 outpatients was investigated on
      referral to a psychiatric unit in a general hospital for serum antibody titres to
      several viruses by a complement fixation technique. Of the total population
      studied, only eight were considered to have antibody titres of possible
      significance. This result would appear to indicate that viral infection does not
      play a major part in the causation or precipitation of psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 164102
TI  - The effect of age on mitochondrial ultrastructure and enzymes.
AB  - The ultrastructure of perfused livers and of mitochondrial fractions from 6
      months and 30 month-old C57/BL mice were studied. In old mice the liver cell
      mitochondria were enlarged and rounded with a light "foamy", vacuolated matrix,
      short cristae and a loss of dense granules. Quantitative studies showed a 60%
      increase in the mean size and an increased proportion of larger mitochondria in
      intact 30 month-old perfused livers. Endothelial and Kupffer cell mitochondria
      were smaller than those of the parenchymal cells. Mitochondria in pellets
      prepared from 6 and 30 month-old livers were rounded and condensed although there
      were a few larger and "foamy" mitochondria in the preparations from old mice. Up
      to 47% of large mitochondria in the old livers were lost during cell
      fractionation. The levels of cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase were
      slightly decreased with age but their cytochemical localization was unchanged.

PMID- 164103
TI  - The phagolysosomal system of the retinal pigment epithelium in ageing rats.

PMID- 164104
TI  - Viral infection and interferon in cell cultures aged in vitro.
AB  - Cells from leucosis-free chick embryos (skin and muscles), grown in vitro 1 and 7
      days with no medium change, are used as a model for young dividing and stationary
      in vitro aged cells, respectively. Aged cultures are advantageous for IF
      induction by cytopathic and noncytopathic viruses. Decreased virus production in
      them is ascribed to a back effect of the early formed IF onto the inducing virus.
      A factor which stimulates viral IF interferon induction also in young cultures,
      is released from aged cells into the medium. This factor could belong --
      according to its properties and action -- into the class of chalones.

PMID- 164105
TI  - Ultrastructure of in vitro aged chick embryo cell cultures in relation to viral
      infection.
AB  - The ultrastructure of young uninfected and infected with herpes simplex virus
      chick embryo cells was compared with that of aged cells. In contrast to the
      nuclei of young chick embryo cells 24 hr after infection, the aged chick embryo
      cells 24 hr after infection presented very expressive blocks of perinuclear
      chromatin. The nucleoplasm contains forming naked HSV particles. The lesions seen
      are dilation of the perinuclear cisternae, dilatation of rough endoplasmic
      reticulum cisternae and formation of multilamellar bodies. The moderate swellings
      of the mitochondria with violation of cristae arrangement and losing of
      mitochondrial matrix were observed. In contrast to the cytoplasm of young
      infected cells no formation of crystal-like arrangement of cytoplasmic ribosome
      tetrads occurs.

PMID- 164106
TI  - Do hyperplastoid cell lines "differentiate themselves to death"?

PMID- 164107
TI  - Surgery of epilepsy associated with brain tumors.

PMID- 164108
TI  - Theoretical basis for surgical therapy of epilepsy.

PMID- 164109
TI  - Treatment of oat-cell carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 164110
TI  - Pathogenetic mechanisms in atherosclerosis.
AB  - Four theories of atherogenesis are briefly reviewed and criticized: the
      degenerative, the thrombogenic, the platelet aggregation and the insudative
      theory. Evidence is presented in detail to suggest that a modified form of the
      insudative theory (1) accounts more satisfactorily than the other theories for
      the known association of risk factors with atherosclerosis and (2) allows one to
      understand how some of the more important risk factors operate at the level of
      the arterial wall. It is proposed that atherosclerotic plaques, and also certain
      extravascular lesions broadly associated with atherosclerosis (corneal arcus,
      xanthomas), arise because altered endothelial permeability allows certain
      reactive macromolecular plasma proteins (the plasma low density and very low
      density lipoproteins and fibrinogen, which are normally largely confined to the
      circulation) to permeate endothelium and interact with charged components of the
      connective tissue gel of the arterial wall or other tissues. The effect of
      hyperlipidemia, hypertension, arterial disease or injury upon this process, and
      the manner in which these factors interact, is examined in relation to
      experimental findings and clinical observations.

PMID- 164111
TI  - Mechanisms of cholesterol accumulation in the arterial wall.
AB  - The rate of cholesterol accumulation is a function of three separate processes:
      the transfer of lipid or lipoprotein from blood plasma to the artery, the binding
      and sequestering of lipids in the arterial wall and the solubilization and
      removal of lipid from the artery. These processes have been studied with lipids
      or lipoproteins labeled with radioisotopes by autoradiographic and quantitative
      chemical procedures. More recently immunochemical procedures have been applied to
      this problem. Studies have been performed with intact animals, isolated organs
      and cell cultures. In addition, homogenates have been used successfully to study
      intraarterial transformations of lipids, (for example, cholesterol
      esterification). Although epidemiologic and clinical studies, as well as animal
      experiments, have provided evidence that the concentration of plasma low or very
      low density lipoproteins parallels the rate of atherogenesis, the nature of the
      causal chain linking plasma lipoproteins to atherosclerosis is as yet unclear. A
      possible link between plasma lipoproteins, arterial liproprotein lipase and
      atherogenesis has been postulated.

PMID- 164112
TI  - Aortic mitochondrial synthesis of lipid and its response to cholesterol feeding.
AB  - The rates and products of lipid synthesis from acetate-I-14C were studied in
      mitochondria isolated from control and atherosclerotic rabbit aorta. More acetate
      was incorporated into fatty acids in the cholesterol-fed animals. The mechanism
      was one of chain elongation, and the resultant products were longer in chain
      length. The newly elongated fatty acids were esterified mostly into
      phospholipids, presumably those turning over most rapidly. A hypothesis is
      proposed for the pathogenetic sequence: Cholesterol feeding alters transport
      functions of the mitochondrial membranes of aortic smooth muscle cells.
      Respiration and redox state are altered and consequently acetate is incorporated
      more rapidly into fatty acids as an alternate mechanism for oxidation of the
      reduced form of nicotin-amide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Rapidly turning over
      phospholipids esterify these fatty acids and may transfer them ultimately to
      cholesterol. Esterified cholesterol is less exchangeable and commences to
      accumulate.

PMID- 164114
TI  - Function of the fat-soluble vitamins.
AB  - Much has been learned about the function of the fat-soluble vitamins in recent
      years. Their mechanisms are divergent ranging from a role in transcription of DNA
      or differentiation to a direct enzymatic activation of the gamma-carboxylation of
      glutamate residues of a preexisting protein. Thus the only resemblance so far
      among these physiologically active agents is their lipid solubility. However, in
      general the fat-soluble vitamins play important roles in specialized functions
      carried out by highly differentiated organisms.

PMID- 164113
TI  - Lipid metabolism in perfused human and dog coronary arteries.
AB  - The paper represents a summary of our studies in which in vitro perfusion of
      human and animal coronary vessels was carried out. Formation and uptake of lipids
      in perfused human coronary arteries were studied under a vairety of experimental
      conditions, including exposure to carbon monoxide. The effect of collagenase on
      lipid synthesis and transport in carotid arteries of dogs was also studied. Human
      plasma with hydrogen-3-labeled cholesterol and carbon-14-acetate was used to
      perfuse human blood vessels. Autologous plasma was employed. Inhibition of
      cholesterol uptake was accomplished by the addition of 7-ketocholesterol
      (concentrations of 0.005 to 1 mum/ml) to the perfusate. Both atherosclerotic and
      normal human coronary arteries incorporated 14C-acetate into lipids but failed to
      synthesize either cholesterol of cholesterol esters. Similar results were
      obtained in human saphenous veins perfused at arterial pressure. Cholesterol
      uptake from the perfusion fluid was demonstrated in atherosclerotic and normal
      human coronary arteries as well as in human saphenous veins. Carbon monoxide
      increased permeability of the arterial wall to cholesterol uptake. In dog
      arteries exposed to collagenase marked increases in cholesterol uptake were
      found, but total lipid synthesis was reduced; the relative synthesis individual
      lipids remained unchanged. The addition of 7-ketocholesterol to the perfusate
      reduced cholesterol uptake by the vessel by 90 percent. Inhibition of cholesterol
      uptake was present in all species and was not due to oxidation of cholesterol to
      7-detocholesterol in the perfusate. The results illustrate that human coronary
      arteries as well as human saphenous veins synthesize lipids but not cholesterol.
      Cholesterol flux into the artery is augmented by carbon monoxide and collagenase.
      The data also show that active inhibition of cholesterol uptake in the arterial
      wall can be accomplished by competitive inhibition with 7-ketocholesterol.

PMID- 164115
TI  - On certain electrical phenomena for the interpretation of ch'i in Chinese
      acupuncture.
AB  - The author describes a series of experiments on the "microelectric phenomenon"
      and tires to give new scientific interpretations of acupuncture. Thus, the
      concept of "2-M-C" was developed, which may generate new hypotheses concerning
      the modus operandi of needle treatment.

PMID- 164116
TI  - Limits of applicability of the firefly luminescence ATP assay for the detection
      of bacteria in clinical specimens.
AB  - ATP measurement can be used as an indicator of biological mass, and the extreme
      sensitivity of the firefly ATP assay has led to its use in bacterial detection
      systems. Clinical specimens present problems not encountered with cultured
      isolates of known bacterial species. The lower limit of sensitivity for detecting
      bacteria using the firefly assay is 100,000 bacteria per ml. Non-bacterial ATP,
      which is probably present in all clinical specimens, produces false-positive
      results unless it is completely destroyed, and this destruction must be carried
      out under conditions that do not affect bacterial ATP. A cause of false-negative
      results is the presence in all urine specimens of unidentified materials that
      inhibit the luminescent enzymic reaction. These considerations indicate that
      application of the firefly ATP assay in bacterial detection systems for clinical
      specimens is feasible only if a preparatory step separates bacteria from
      interfering materials and from non-bacterial sources of ATP, and concentrates
      microorganisms to measurable levels. These limitations sharply curtain the
      applicability in diagnostic microbiology of this exotic chemical reaction.

PMID- 164117
TI  - Letter: Clinical memorandum: orchitis associated with adenoviral infection.

PMID- 164118
TI  - Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in patients with trophoblastic neoplasms.

PMID- 164120
TI  - Occupational therapy in a community aftercare program.
AB  - The need for effective community treatment for psychiatric clients has increased
      in recent years. The aftercare program descirbed in this paper provides a
      community treatment program for adult psychiatric clients that aims at
      facilitatin their adequate and independent adjustment to the community. The
      occupational therapist functions as a case manager of the treaatment team and is
      also program coordinator for the arts and crafts groups and the skill development
      groups. The arts and crafts groups are designed primarily to meet basic mental
      health needs; the skill development groups are aimed at teaching independent
      functioning in basic living skills. The behavior rehearsal model provides the
      theoretical framework for the skill development groups and is an effective
      approach in teaching skill acquisition to clients treated in the community.

PMID- 164119
TI  - Granular cell tumor (myoblastoma) of the orbit.
AB  - An 8-year-old white boy had a tumor in the left orbit with clinical
      manifestations of muscular impairment, exophthalmos, and reduced visual acuity.
      Five months after exenteration of the orbit the boy was healthy without tumor
      recurrence. Based on our observations with electron, light, and phase microscopy,
      and histochemical studies, we conclude that this tumor is benign, of histiocytic
      origin, and we propose the term granular cell histiocytoma be used to describe
      this entity.

PMID- 164121
TI  - Ultrastructure of medullary, intraductal, tubular and adenocystic breast
      carcinomas: comparative patterns of myoepithelial differentiation and basal
      lamina deposition.
AB  - Samples from medullary, intraductal, tubular and adenocystic breast carcinomas
      were studied ultrastructurally, with emphasis on the patterns of myoepithelial
      differentiation and basal lamina deposition. Myoepithelial cells, while prominent
      in the intraductal and adenocystic carcinomas, were rarely found in the medullary
      neoplasms and appeared absent in the tubular neoplasms. Parallel to the above,
      basal laminae were most abundant and evenly deposited in the intraductal and
      adenocystic tumors, but were infrequent in the medullary tumors and seemingly
      absent in the tubular carcinomas. Well-defined myoepithelial cells and retention
      of the capability to synthesize basal lamina are evidence of differentiation in
      neoplastic cell populations. Thus, their presence in intraductal and adenocystic
      carcinomas (generally associated with a good prognosis) is not surprising.
      However, their scarcity or absence in the similarly favorable group of medullary
      and tubular carcinomas suggests that other factors may also influence the
      invasive and metastasizing ability of breast carcinomas.

PMID- 164123
TI  - Ultrastructure of inclusions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in
      sarcoidosis.
AB  - Bundle-shaped tubular (BST) inclusions were identified by electron microscopy in
      1 to 6 percent of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 10 to 11
      patients with sarcoidosis. The frequency of the inclusions within mononuclear
      cells did not correlate with the clinical status of the patients. The
      relationship, if any, of BST inclusions to sarcoidosis and the immunologic
      defects in sarcoid patients remains to be determined.

PMID- 164124
TI  - Animal model of human disease: diabetes mellitus (juvenile- and maturity- onset
      types).

PMID- 164125
TI  - Amoebic perforations of the colon.

PMID- 164122
TI  - The nuclear membranes in hypertrophied human cardiac muscle cells.
AB  - Nuclear membranes of cardiac muscle cells were studied in 134 patients with
      cardiac hypertrophy of various causes. Abnormalities observed consisted of: a)
      increased foldings and convolutions; b) nuclear pseudoinclusions formed by
      cytoplasmic organelles protruding into saccular invaginations of the nuclear
      membranes, and c) intranuclear tubules. The increased foldings and convolutions
      of the nuclear membranes and the nuclear pseudoinclusions appear to result from
      synthesis of nuclear membranes in excess of that needed to accommodate the
      increase in nuclear volume which occurs in hypertrophy. Intranuclear tubules were
      found in 6 patients and consisted of tubular invaginations, 400 to 650 A in
      diameter, of the inner nuclear membranes into the nucleoplasm. Some of these
      tubules were straight and cylindrical, and were associated with a peripheral
      layer of marginated chromatin; others were not associated with chromatin,
      appeared coiled and followed irregular courses. Intranuclear tubules in cardiac
      muscle cells probably represent an extreme cellular response to the stimulus of
      hypertrophy.

PMID- 164126
TI  - Effect of ACTH on lipolysis in adipose tissue of normal and adrenalectomized rats
      in vivo.
AB  - Parametrial fat-pads of fed rats were perfused in vivo. Rates of release of
      glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined from venous-arterial
      difference and plasma flow. Adrenalectomy lowered basal release of FFA and
      glycerol, but not reesterification of FFA within the fat-pad. ACTH (5 mug iv) in
      normal rats increased release of FFA and glycerol (mumol-g-1-h-1) from basal
      values of 0.90 and 0.48 to 3.2 and 1.3, respectively, and in adrenalectomized
      rats from 0.41 and 0.33 to 1.5 and 3.1, respectively. Thus in normal rats ACTH
      increased the molar ratio of FFA to glycerol released from 1.9 to 2.5, whereas in
      adrenalectomized rats the ratio fell from 1.3 to 0.5. After stimulation of
      lipolysis in normal rats 85% of the FFA formed were released but only 20% in
      adrenalectomized rats; the remainder was reesterified to triglyceride. It is
      concluded that adipose tissue of adrenalectomized rats is sensitive to the
      lipolytic activity of ACTH, but increased glucose utilization by adipocytes in
      the absence of glucocorticoid enhances reesterification and reduces release of
      FFA by the tissue.

PMID- 164127
TI  - Postnatal development of adenylate cyclase in rat salivary glands: patterns of
      hormonal sensitivity.
AB  - In order to compare the known morphological changes which occur during the
      postnatal development of the salivary glands in the rat with alterations in
      membrane function, we measured adenylate cyclase activity and its responses to
      sodium fluoride (NaF), norepinephrine, and isoproterenol in salivary gland
      membranes at various times after birth. In the parotid gland, basal enzyme
      activity did not change significantly during postnatal life, but fluoride
      stimulated activity rose on day 15; A similar marked rise in activity stimulated
      by norepinephrine (0.02 mM) and isoproterenol (0.03 mM) was noted simultaneously.
      In the submandibular gland, basal adenylate cyclase activity was higher just
      after birth than at 25 days of life or in maturity. Fluoride-stimulated activity
      was 7 times higher than basal activity on day 1, greater than 10 times higher on
      day 25, and 30 times greater in the adult. The gland was as responsive to
      norepinephrine and isoproterenol on day 5 as it was on day 25 or in the mature
      animal, showing a two- to threefold increase over the basal enzyme value at each
      time point studied. Residual phosphodiesterase activity in the membranes was
      always negligible. The data demonstrate a time-dependent developmental change in
      the responsiveness of the parotid gland to norepinephrine and isoproterenol,
      which corresponds to the time when morphological maturation normally occurs. By
      contrast, in the submandibular gland, membrane-bound adenylate cyclase is fully
      developed at the time of birth.

PMID- 164129
TI  - Alternative to the hospital: a controlled study.
AB  - The authors describe the evaluation of a treatment model that makes use of the
      community to help mentally ill patients acquire necessary coping skills. This
      approach is based on the assumption that deficiency in coping skills and
      aggressive dependency are primarily responsible for high readmission rates to
      mental hospitals and that coping skills and autonomy are best learned in the
      community, where the patient will be needing and using them. The treatment model
      is evaluated by comparing it with progressive in-hospital treatment and follow-up
      care. The results suggest that the model described can successfully treat
      patients with a high level of symptomatology in the community rather than in the
      mental hospital.

PMID- 164128
TI  - Brief hospitalization of patients with families: initial results.
AB  - A total of 175 newly admitted inpatients who lived with families were randomly
      assigned to three treatment groups: standard inpatient care (discharge at the
      therapist's discretion), brief hospitalization (one week or less) with
      transitional day care available, and brief hospitalization without day care.
      Outpatient aftercare was offered to all patients. The three groups showed no
      significant differences as to amount of improvement in levels of psychopathology
      at 3 and 12 weeks, but the briefly hospitalized patients were able to resume
      their vocational roles sooner. There were no significant differences among the
      groups in readmission rates.

PMID- 164130
TI  - Arteriographic demonstration of intravenous tumor extension.
AB  - The arteriographic demonstration of a linear, striated arterial pattern in the
      anatomic course of the draining vein is reliable evidence of venous extension by
      a tumor and represents the supply to the intravenous component of the neoplasm.
      In addition to its previously described occurrence with hypernephromas, this
      report documents the characteristic angiographic appearance with hepatocellular
      tumors and a retroperitoneal osteosarcoma as reliable evidence of tumor extension
      into the inferior vena cava. It is possible that in some cases, the parallel
      arteries represent markedly enlarged vasa vasorum of the involved venous
      structure. The frequent invasion of the inferior vena cava by hepatomas and the
      importance of inferior vena cavography in their angiographic evaluation is also
      emphasized.

PMID- 164131
TI  - Metastatic disease of the sella turcica.
AB  - Eleven cases of known metastatic disease to the sella turcica are reported. The
      clinical, plain film roentgenographic and angiographic presentations are
      discussed with reference to the differential diagnosis and possible
      distinguishing characteristics of metastatic disease.

PMID- 164132
TI  - Aggressive surgery in treatment for parotid cancer: the role of adjunctive
      postoperative radiotherapy.
AB  - A 7 year follow-up of 120 patients with malignant parotid cancers revealed
      parotidectomy to be an adequate procedure for low-grade, nonaggressive lesions.
      The addition of radiation therapy postoperatively will improve local and regional
      control of high-grade, aggressive lesions. Postoperative radiation therapy may
      also make the removal of the facial nerve unnecessary in certain clinical
      presentations.

PMID- 164133
TI  - Metastatic seeding along the small bowel mesentery. Roentgen features.
AB  - 1. Intra-abdominal malignant seeding along the small bowel mesentery is
      roentgenologically identifiable. 2. The anatomic features of the small bowel
      mesentery and the pathways of flow of ascitic fluid along its peritoneal recesses
      determine the depostion and growth of seeded metastases. 3. Seeded deposits lodge
      particularly within the lower recesses of the small bowel mesentery and are
      reflected by typical changes involving distal ileal loops or the cecum. 4. These
      are characterized by (a) palisading, arcuate scalloped deflections or gross mass
      displacement of distal small bowel loops in the right lower quadrant, or (b)
      extrinsic indentations upon the medial and inferior contours of the cecum.
      Associated desmoplastic reaction may result in tethering of mucosal folds and
      angulated fixation of bowel loops.

PMID- 164134
TI  - Ecology of respiratory virus transmission: a comparison of three communities in
      West Bengal.
AB  - Respiratory virus transmission in children was studied comparatively in three
      ecologically different low-income communities in West Bengal: an isolated
      village, a suburban village, and a crowded urban community. Continued use of
      contaminated pond water for bathing, irrigation of nasal passages, post
      defecation washing of the anus, and washing of food vessels was common to all, as
      was intense crowding of indoor sleeping quarters during cold and wet seasons.
      Intensity of infection was highest (26%) in the most crowded urban area, the
      variety of virus types least in the most isolated village. Sources of drinking
      water differed but seemed unrelated to virus transmission. Toxigenic diphtheria
      organisms were found in nonspecific skin lesions in children in each area.

PMID- 164135
TI  - Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) virus antibodies in man, and in domestic
      and small mammals, in Iran.
AB  - A Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) virus antibody survey was carried out
      in Iran with sera from man and several animal species; this survey was done by
      means of agar gel diffusion precipitation (AGDP) test with the following results
      (percent positive of number tested): men, 13% of 351; sheep, 38% of 728; goats,
      36% of 135; cattle, 18% of 130; camels, 0% of 157; small mammals, 3% of 274. A
      number of sera were tested by complement-fixation (CF), neutralization (N), and
      hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests in addition to the AGDP test. A good
      correlation was found in the results with 105 sera tested by AGDP, HI, and N,
      with approximately 70% to 75% positive in all three tests; by CF, only 20% were
      positive. Of 55 human sera, of which 15 could be tested by N test, about half
      were positive by AGDP and only 10% by HI at low titers; none was positive by N
      and CF tests. These results suggest that any one of the three serological tests
      (N, HI, and AGDP) can be used to survey the antibody prevalence in sera from
      domestic animals; the CF test, not unexpectedly, was less suitable. Our results,
      however, are inconclusive in regard to the human sera.

PMID- 164136
TI  - Islet cell tumors of the pancreas and the alimentary tract.
AB  - Functioning tumors of the pancreatic islets are now recognized as the source of
      clinical syndromes affecting the gastrointestinal tract which have a wide variety
      of catastrophic symptoms. Experiences with thirty-six cases suggest at least four
      separate diagnostic categories in the ulcerogenic tumor syndrome. These include:
      a typical history, gastric analysis, and roentgenographic findings with boderline
      fasting serum gastrin levels; ulcerogenic tumor with evidence of
      hyperparathyroidism; iatrogenic ulcerogenic syndrome associated with failure of a
      previous operation for duodenal ulcer; and the classic ulcerogenic syndrome
      associated with a fulminating ulcer diathesis or diarrhea and high serum gastrin
      levels. The problems presented at operation include: decisions to be make in the
      presence of a negative exploration; the finding of a solitary tumor in the wall
      of the duodenum; solitary pancreatic tumors particularly in the body and tail;
      ulcerogenic tumors in the very young; liver metastases in the elderly; and the
      wisdom of removing gross metastases in combination with total gastrectomy. The
      long-term survival in the ulcerogenic tumor syndrome approximated 50 per cent,
      with 40 per cent of those having proved malignancy living five years. Evidence of
      hyperparathyroidism is relatively common in association with both the ulcerogenic
      and the diarrheogenic tumor syndromes. The association may by a result of a
      congenital abnormality, metabolic alkalosis, or a direct effect of the islet cell
      tumor. Parathyroidectomy may be indicated when both the serum calcium and
      parathormone levels are elevated in the presence of borderline fasting gastrin
      levels. The latter may return to normal after parathyroidectomy. The evidence of
      hyperparathyroidism closely parallels the episodes of diarrhea in the
      diarrheogenic syndrome, and hyperparathyroidism may regress spontaneously after
      total removal of the pancreatic tumor. Just as routine calcium determinations
      made the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism more commonplace, it is suggested that
      the gastrointestinal syndromes associated with islet cell tumor would receive
      wider recognition if radioimmunoassays for gastrin as well as secretin, and the
      other secretin-like polypeptides, were carried out routinely.

PMID- 164137
TI  - Immunochemotherapy of hepatoma in rats.
AB  - Immunoglobulin G prepared by immunization of rabbits with rat Novikoff ascites
      tumor cells was prepared and found to by cytotoxic to Novikoff cells and rat
      lymphocytes. A chlorambucil conjugate was prepared and found to have similar
      qualities in vitro. Three day culture systems were prepared with various test
      substances and the immunoglobulin was shown to markedly depress cell
      multiplication. The chlorambucil conjugate appeared to be more efficacious than
      the immunoglobulin alone in inhibiting cell growth. In vivo studies revealed a
      total inhibition of tumor formation in animals treated with the immunoglobulin
      chlorambucil conjugate whereas all control groups had 50 to 100 per cent
      mortality. No systemic toxicity was apparent. These studies indicate that tumor
      specific immunoglobulin bound to chlorambucil presents a feasible method of
      delivering tumoricidal drugs to cancer in body cavities and of treating tumors
      with an accessible blood supply.

PMID- 164139
TI  - Permeability barriers to cytochrome-c in nerves of adult and immature rats.
AB  - Nerves in the tongues of adult and immature rats were examined with respect to
      their permeability to exogenous cytochrome-c (mol wt 12,000) injected into the
      tongue. The distribution of cytochrome-c was determined in cryostat sections on
      the basis of the peroxidase activity of this protein. Nerves of 14-day-old rats
      were permeable to injected cytochrome-c. The larger nerves of older animals
      showed only localized accumulations of cytochrome-c reaction product both between
      and within axons adjacent to endoneurial blood vessels. Reaction product was not
      found, however, in association with blood vessels penetrating nerves of the
      tongue that were not within the limits of tracer spread. In the smallest nerve
      brances, thin linear strands of reaction product filled the interstices between
      the nerve fibers.

PMID- 164138
TI  - [Clinical considerations and genetics of the lattice dystrophy of the cornea].
AB  - Lattice dystrophy of the cornea is reported in 4 families.  For purposes of
      linkage analysis we did serological tests on pertinent family members, including
      marker testing of the blood group systems ABO, MNSs, Rh, K, Ky, and P; protein
      group systems Hp, Ge, Gm, and Inv; and enzyme polymorphisms SEP, PGM, ADA, and
      AK.

PMID- 164140
TI  - The blood-brain barrier of the rat choroid plexus.
AB  - Following intravenous injection, cytochrome c traverses the capillary endothelium
      of the rat choroid plexus and permeates the perivascular space and the
      extracellular space between epithelial cells. The tracer is incorporated into
      pinocytotic vesicles adjacent to the lateral and basal plasmalemmas. Thereafter,
      cytochrome c is incorporated into multivesicular and dense bodies. Tracerladen
      vesicles were not found to fuse with the apical plasmalemma and cytochrome c was
      not discharged into the cerebral ventricles. Acid phosphatase activity of the
      choroidal epithelium after the administration of cytochrome c was greatly
      increased and localized in the same intracellular sites shown for cytochrome c.
      These data suggest that cytochrome c and possibly other proteins that penetrate
      the choroidal stroma are taken up by the choroidal epithelium and subsequently
      degraded in lysosomal vesicles. This heterolytic mechanism may be an important
      means for preventing the entry of certain substances such as proteins into CSF
      and subsequently into nervous tissue.

PMID- 164141
TI  - Neuromuscular transmission in a mammalian preparation during exposure to
      enflurane.
AB  - The effects of enflurane on motor nerve terminals and muscle endplates were
      studied in the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation using standard
      microelectrode recording techniques. Muscle endplate interaction with enflurane
      was suggested by depression of the amplitude of miniature endplate potentials
      (MEPP's) without change in frequency, increased duration of MEPP's and endplate
      potentials (EPP's) increased threshold for generation of muscle action
      potentials, and inhibition of the endplate depolarization induced by
      succinylcholine. Evidence of nerve terminal effects of enflurane was limited to a
      greater relative decline of EPP amplitude during tetanus, indicative of failure
      to maintain transmitter output at rapid rates of stimulation. It is concluded
      that the depressant effect of enflurane on indirectly elicited muscle twitch is
      primarily due to an impairment of the action of muscle endplate on adjacent
      membrane; however, the relative importance of prejunctional depression, seen only
      during rapid nerve stimulation, cannot be assessed from the present data.

PMID- 164142
TI  - Letter: Regulation of narcosis by cAMP.

PMID- 164143
TI  - Ectopic production of big ACTH in carcinoma of the lung. Its clinical usefulness
      as a biologic marker.
AB  - This report considers the potential usefulness of adrenocorticotropic hormone
      (ACTH) determinations in diagnosis and in prognosis for therapy of patients with
      carcinoma of the lung but without clinical Cushing's syndrome. The report is
      based on radioimmunoassay data from 129 patients, including 62 with lung cancers
      and 67 with nonmalignant pulmonary conditions. Elevated plasma ACTH was found in
      21 of 24 patients with untreated cancer and the hormone was detected in tumor
      extracts and/or bronchial washings from the remaining 3. Elevation of plasma ACTH
      was found in only 10 of 38 treated patients. Absence of clinical Cushing's
      syndrome in spite of high plasma ACTH concentrations is explained by the
      observation that the predominant form of ectopic ACTH in plasma is immunoreactive
      but nonbioactive 'big' ACTH. Prolonged survival, for longer than 19 months, was
      observed in only 5 patients: all patients with low plasma ACTH after resection of
      the lung tumor and 2 of 3 patients with low plasma ACTH without therapy. ACTH was
      found in all available malignant tissue, primary and metastatic, from the lung
      carcinoma group,but not in normal lung or in 5 tumors metastatic to the lung. Of
      the 39 patients diagnosed initially to have chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease, 14 showed plasma ACTH elevation. However, 3 of these patients with the
      highest concentrations subsequently manifested carcinoma or carcinoma in situ.

PMID- 164145
TI  - Phosphorylation of neurosecretory granules by cAMP-stimulated protein kinase and
      its implication for transport and release of neurophysin proteins.

PMID- 164144
TI  - Primary meningococcal pneumonia.
AB  - Three cases of pneumonia caused by Neisseria meningitidis group Y are reported.
      From the results of these cases, the following conclusions were made. N.
      meningitidis probably can cause serious infection without preceding blood stream
      invasion. Primary meningococcal pneumonia is not rare; it has no distinctive
      clinical presentation; and it may not be recognized by routine expectorated
      sputum cultures. In addition, it may be associated with recent influenzal and
      adenoviral infections. Lastly, meningococci of the serogroup Y are capable of
      causing serious disease. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies showed that all
      three group Y isolates were sensitive to sulfadiazine and rifampin as well as to
      penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol.

PMID- 164146
TI  - [Chromatography of penicillins on a thin layer of sorbents. The utilization of
      "Silufol" plates].
AB  - Carbon metabolism of P. chrysogenum under conditions of periodical addition of
      the nutrients was studied. It was found that a proper rate of the carbon source
      addition to the culture was of significant importance for intensive biosynthesis.
      The use of carbon for the energetic and constructive needs was not the same at
      different fermentation periods.

PMID- 164148
TI  - Phylogenesis of the general structure of immunoglobulins.

PMID- 164149
TI  - Cytochrome c interaction with membranes. The enthalpy of oxidation of cytochromes
      c, c2, and a1,2.

PMID- 164147
TI  - [Use of coulometric titration for elucidating the mechanism of the oxidation of 6
      APA alkaline breakdown products by halogens].
AB  - Penaldinic acid and penicillamine were formed on alkali decomposition (1 N NaOH)
      of 6-APA for 20 minutes at room temperature, penicillamine being completely
      oxidized to disulphide by the air oxygen. Coulometric titration of the alkali
      decomposition products showed that generated chlorine in 0.5 N HCl solution or
      bromine in a week acid solution of KBr oxidized them with participation of 7
      electrones. Generated iodine did not practically oxidize the 6-APA decomposition
      products during the coulometric titration.

PMID- 164150
TI  - Inhibitory effects of salts on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide specific
      isocitrate dehydrogenase from Blastocladiella emersonii.

PMID- 164151
TI  - The alpha beta epimerization of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

PMID- 164152
TI  - The formation of unhydrated propionaldehyde by dioldehydrase.

PMID- 164153
TI  - Bioenergetics of mitochondria from flight muscles of aging blowflies: partial
      reactions of oxidation and phosphorylation.

PMID- 164154
TI  - Immunoglobulin deposits in lepromatous leprosy skin. Presence of deposits in
      apparently uninvolved skin and occurrence of serum antiepithelial antibodies.
AB  - Immunoglobulin deposits were detected in ten of 13 biopsy specimens from
      apparently uninvolved skin of patients with lepromatous leprosy. There were
      deposits of IgM at the dermoepidermal junction in the skin of five patients, and
      deposits of IgM along the dermal collagen and elastic fibers in the skin of the
      other five. The deposits were eluted with acid buffers and high molarity salt
      solution. Circulating IgG antibodies to intercellular substance of epithelial
      cells, similar to those present in pemphigus vulgaris, were found in 25% of
      patients with lepromatous leprosy who were studied. These antibodies appeared to
      be different from the skin-bound immunoglobulin deposits.

PMID- 164155
TI  - Subclinical neuropathy at "safe" levels of lead exposure.
AB  - Electrophysiological methods revealed subclinical neuropathy in 26 workers,
      exposed from 1 to 17 years to lead and whose blood lead (PbB) values had never
      exceeded 70mu/100ml, as ascertained by checking the monitor reports of the
      factory and by careful exposure history. The PbB determinations had been tested
      repeatedly and had been found valid. The main findings were slowing of the
      maximal motor conduction velocities of the median and ulnar nerves and
      particularly the conduction velocity of the slower fibers of the ulnar nerve.
      Electromyographical abnormalities comprised fibrillations, diminution of the
      number of motor units on maximal contraction, and an abnormally long duration of
      the units. Earlier similar measurements from heavily exposed workers had been
      even more abnormal. Thus, a dose-response relationship exists on a group basis.
      Since the regular monitoring of PbBs in most workers during their entire period
      of exposure excludes the possibility of a body burden out of proportion to the
      PbB slight neurological damage is produced at exposures hitherto regarded as
      quite safe.

PMID- 164156
TI  - Synovial sarcoma.
AB  - Of 34 cases with synovial sarcoma, the five-year survival rate was 36%. A high
      local recurrence rate results when local excision is performed. Wide excision
      which may necessitate amputation is the treatment of choice. Prophylactic and
      even therapeutic node dissections are ineffective in increasing survival because
      of the disease. Evaluation of radiation therapy was impossible, although some
      patients obtained significant paliation. Adriamycin appears to have a tumoricidal
      effect and provided clinically significant responses in several patients.

PMID- 164157
TI  - The effect of puromycin and cycloheximide on vacuole formation and exocytosis in
      Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-9.
AB  - It has been shown that both puromycin and cycloheximide, at concentrations of 434
      and 100 mug/ml respectively, produce a marked inhibition of vacuole formation and
      exocytosis in Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-9. These effects were analysed in a
      quantitative manner. At the same time as these inhibitions occurred the
      incorporation of 1-C14 leucine into trichloroacetic acid precipitable material
      was inhibited by 90% and 100% respectively over a 40 min period. This inhibition
      of protein synthesis by cycloheximide occurred almost immediately, whereas the
      inhibition of vacuole formation and egestion was delayed. The results suggested
      that the latter processes were dependent upon a continuing supply of
      proteinaceous material, of which there was only a small store within the cell.
      Cycloheximide inhibited exocytosis completely -nder the conditions employed (with
      100% inhibition of protein synthesis) whereas puromycin (with a 90% inhibition of
      protein synthesis) only inhibited it by about 50%. This suggested that the amount
      of newly synthesized protein required for the exocytic egestion process was very
      small in relation to the total cell requirement for protein synthesis. The entry
      of both inhibitors into the cell was by means other than vacuole formation.
      Puromycin appeared to have some effect on vacuole formation which was unconnected
      with protein synthesis. Microscopic observations of living cells indicated that
      oral apparatus function and endocytic vacuole formation were probably both
      affected by the inhibitors. Chloramphenicol, at 200 mug/ml, had little effect on
      vacuole formation by starved cells with an exposure of an hour. The uptake of 1
      C14 leucine from the growth medium was found to be a selective process, giving a
      concentration of about 2000 times into the cells over a 1 hr period. The results
      are discussed

PMID- 164158
TI  - [Reaction of drugs with silica surfaces in non polar solvents (author's transl)].

PMID- 164159
TI  - The influence of age of cell cultures on the production of foot-and-mouth disease
      antigen. Brief Report.

PMID- 164160
TI  - Stable polypeptides associated with the 250S mengovirus-induced RNA polymerase
      structure.
AB  - One host polypeptide (40,000 daltons) synthesized prior to infection is
      associated with the 250S RNA polymerase structure partially purified by a
      combination of velocity sedimentation and isopycnic separation. A series of pulse
      chase experiments have shown that a 56,000 dalton polypeptide made during the
      eclipse phase of infection is inserted into the 250S viral RNA polymerase
      structure. This 56,000 dalton polypeptide is bound in a stable manner since
      labeled 56,000 dalton polypeptide is not removed from the 250S polymerase
      structure by a 2-hour chase (3 to 5 hours after infection) and it is the major
      labeled polypeptide species remaining. However, the 56,000 dalton polypeptide
      (viral-specific polypeptide E) made at 4 hours after infection is not present in
      the 250S polymerase structure following a 50 minue chase. Levels of cycloheximide
      which inhibit protein synthesis 95 per cent in the infected cell have no effect
      on the amount of viral-specific RNA polymerase activity (in vitro) when the
      inhibitor is added for 30 minutes at the time of maximum rate of viral RNA
      synthesis in whole cells. These inhibitor studies support the hypothesis that the
      viral-specific RNA polymerase polypeptide may be a stable polypeptide that is not
      rapidly turning over in the infected cell. In view of these results the stable
      56,000 dalton polypeptide (polypeptide E) made early in infection may be a
      candidate for the viral-specific polymerase polypeptide.

PMID- 164161
TI  - Some investigations on the adjuvant mechanism of DEAE dextran.
AB  - In vitro it was shown that adsorption of inactivated FMDV onto DEAE-D kieselgur
      columns did not occur in the presence of 0.1--0.15M NaCl. These NaCl
      concentrations are present in DEAE-D/FMDV vaccines and in the tissues of animals.
      Therefore, adsorption of virus antigen does not appear to be responsible for the
      adjuvant effect of DEAE-D. In pigs it was demonstrated that DEAE-D exerts its
      optimal adjuvant effect, as measured by the formation of neutralizing antibodies
      and protection against challenge infection, when injected together with
      inactivated FMDV as vaccine. Apart from this, a good adjuvant effect (group
      immunity 75--100 per cent) was evoked in about one half and a moderate effect
      (group immunity 50--70 per cent) in about a quarter of the inoculated animals
      even if DEAE-D was separately injected locally and temporally from the
      inactivated virus. With regard to immunity it apparently does not matter whether
      DEAE-D or inactivated virus was given first, but an interval of 48 hours or 4
      days between injection seemed to be more favourable than one of 24 hours. With
      regard to the formation of neutralizing antibodies the situation is comparable to
      that of immunity with the exception that a time interval of 24 hours between the
      application of DEAE-D and inactivated virus or vice versa was as good as that of
      48 hours or 4 days. The results are discussed in regard to the possible mechanism
      of the adjuvant effect of DEAE-D on the cellular level.

PMID- 164162
TI  - Growth of SV 40, adeno 7 and SV 40-adeno 7 viruses in monkey and human cells at
      29 degrees and 37 degrees C.
AB  - Adeno 7 virus replicated well in human diploid (LEP) cells but only to a low
      degree in green monkey kidney (GMK) cells at 37 degrees C; it did not replicate
      in either system at 29 degrees C. At 37 degrees C SV 40 virus replicated well in
      GMK cells but only moderately in LEP cells; at 29 degrees C it did not replicate
      in either system. SV 40-adeno 7 hybrid grew in both GMK cells and LEP cells at 37
      degrees C. At 29 degrees C this virus replicated in GMK cells but not in LEP
      cells. While the formation of V-antigen generally corresponded to the infectious
      virus production in the respective system, considerable differences were
      encountered in the T-antigens production. Adeno 7 T-antigen was detected earlier
      and in a higher percentage of GMK cells than in the fully permissive LEP cells
      and its formation was only slightly influenced by the incubation temperature. SV
      40 T-antigen was more efficiently formed in GMK cells than in LEP cells. At 29
      degrees C SV 40 T-antigen was only found in GMK cells and was detected later than
      at 37 degrees C. The difference in the formation of SV 40 T-antigen in GMK cells
      infected with SV 40 and SV 40-adeno 7 hybrid virus was further analyzed. The
      results obtained suggest that an early step of the virus-cell interaction, but
      neither virus attachment nor penetration, was involved.

PMID- 164163
TI  - [Persistence of latex agglutination inhibition antibodies in rabbits following
      application of poliomyelitis-, Coxsackie-, Echo- and encephalomyocarditis
      viruses. Brief report].

PMID- 164164
TI  - Pathology of cancer of the breast.

PMID- 164165
TI  - Local cooling in myasthenia. Improvement of neuromuscular failure.
AB  - Weak myasthenic muscles were tested by nerve stimulation both at normal
      temperature and after local cooling that was accomplished by exposing the skin to
      ice bags or cold paraffin oil. Reduction of intramuscular temperature from 35 C
      to 28 C increased the voltage of the bellytendon electrical response, the force
      of the tetanus elicited by 10/sec or 20/sec nerve stimulation. The myasthenic
      decrement of successive muscle responses was less marked after cooling, as were
      "delayed rundown" and "postactivation exhaustion." All these effects were
      reversed on rewarming the muscle. The abnormal neuromuscular jitter in motor-unit
      components was also reduced by local cooling. These observations may explain why
      diagnostic application of repetitive stimulation may be false-negative; muscle
      temperature must be controlled.

PMID- 164166
TI  - The mechanism of neuromuscular fatigue. A study of mammalian muscle using
      excitation-contraction uncoupling.
AB  - Neuromuscular transmission failure was measured during rapid repetitive
      stimulation of the rat hemidiaphragm in vitro after excitation-contraction
      uncoupling by hyperosmolar glycerol, washing, and dantrolene sodium. Observations
      of resting membrane, miniature endplate, action, and endplate potentials (epps)
      showed that neuromuscular transmission failure occurred during stimulation
      because of a decrement of the epp. This decrement was due both to a reduced
      number of quanta released and to a variable reduction of quantal size. The time
      course of these events was studied, and limited observations were made on
      recovery. Observations of the difference between the epp decrement of cut muscle
      and of partially curarized muscle suggest a prejunctional action of curare.

PMID- 164167
TI  - Neurological sequelae of malignant external otitis.
AB  - The neurological sequelae of malignant external otitis (MEO) form a
      characteristic syndrome. Following Pseudomonas external otitis, usually in an
      elderly, diabetic patient, either isolated facial nerve paralysis or multiple
      cranial nerve palsies develop. Once extensive neurological signs have developed,
      recovery rarely occurs. We saw a patient with MEO and multiple cranial nerve
      palsies who recovered following an extended course of gentamicin sulfate and
      carbenicillin disodium therapy.

PMID- 164168
TI  - Neurologic disorders following surgery for peptic ulcer disease.
AB  - The neurologic status of 2,000 veterans who had had surgery for peptic ulcer
      between 1952 and 1957 was evaluated. In 1970, a total of 156 of these men were
      examined, 97 of whom had procedures that disrupted the normal continuity of the
      upper gastrointestinal tract. Twenty-one had neurologic disorders, including 17
      patients with peripheral neuropathies. Procedures bypassing the ampulla of Vater
      were performed in 15 of these. The only detected factor associated with
      neurologic manifestations was weight loss since surgery. A mortality study of the
      total population revealed 865 patients had died by the end of 1973. There were
      seven deaths attributed to neurologic causes, one in a patient with amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis and one in another with spinal paralysis. All seven were among
      the 70% of the deceased who had had surgery that disrupted the continuity of the
      upper gastrointestinal tract. Thus, we conclude that the type of surgery
      influenced the likelihood of neurologic complications, but at least for motor
      neuron disease, the increased risk was not appreciable.

PMID- 164169
TI  - Prognosis of malignant tumors of the parotid gland with facial paralysis.
AB  - A parotid malignant tumor with spontaneous facial nerve involvement is a serious
      prognostic sign. Of 34 patients reported, 29 have been followed for at least five
      years. In this group, 20 are dead of disease (one at five years), one is dead of
      other causes (at seven years), one is living with disease, and seven are free of
      disease. Four of these seven cases have been followed for more than ten years,
      with two being free of disease for 12 years. Thus, it is not a hopeless
      situation, as some studies have shown, and not a contraindication to combined
      radical surgery and radiotherapy treatment for cure if not palliation.

PMID- 164170
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. Glomus jugulare tumor.

PMID- 164171
TI  - Protein deficiency in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic lesions.
AB  - The influence of protein deficiency on the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride
      (CCl4) was investigated in a group of rhesus monkeys.  Animals fed a protein-rich
      diet served as controls.  The results indicate that protein-deficiency protects
      the liver against acute hepatotoxicity of this drug.  The protective effect is
      abolished if the animals are administered phenobarbital prior to the
      administration of CCl4.  The protective action is due to a reduction, in protein
      deficiency, of the endoplasmic reticulum associated enzymes involved in
      hepatotoxicity of CCl4.  Repeated administration of CCl4, which induces hepatic
      regeneration, resulted in disappearance of fat from periportal cells in protein
      deficient animals.  The regenerating cells (because of their better enzyme
      system) acquire "nutritional autonomy" and are thus able to synthesize adequate
      amounts of lipoproteins for mobilization of liver triglycerides.

PMID- 164172
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Recent investigations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have disclosed the
      presence of paramyxo-virus-like nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm of renal
      endothelial cells of patients with this disease.  Elaborate techniques have
      failed to demonstrate conclusively that these are indeed viruses.  Concomitantly,
      there is increasing evidence that SLE patients have defective cell-mediated
      immunity.  A 3-year-old child with SLE exhibited clinical evidence of defective
      cellular immunity.  At postmortem, paramyxoviruslike tubular structures were
      demonstrated in her kidneys.  Additional findings included the presence of
      intracytoplasmic viral particles consistent morphologically with herpes simplex
      virus in neurons from the lateral geniculate body and numerous "nuclear bodies"
      in neurons and glial cells.  A dysplastic thymus gland demonstrated virtual
      absence of lymphocytes and was devoid of Hassall corpuscles, unlike the thymus
      usually seen in SLE.

PMID- 164173
TI  - Calcified mixed malignant tumor of the liver.
AB  - Two adult patients died from mixed hepatic tumors of the liver with metastasis. 
      The outstanding findings in both patients were a long clinical course,
      roentgenologically identifiable calcification of the tumors, and, in one,
      hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and spider angiomas.  Mixed hepatic tumors are rare
      in adults, only 14 possible previous cases have come to our attention.  The mixed
      hepatic tumors of adults are morphologically different from the more common mixed
      hepatoblastomas of infancy and childhood.  Calcification in a slow-growing tumor
      in an adult without cirrhosis may indicate a mixed hepatic tumor.

PMID- 164174
TI  - Experimental egg-transmission of avian reovirus.
AB  - Two experiments with an avian reovirus (FDO isolant), serologically identical to
      the Fahey-Crawley and WVU 2937 isolants, provided conclusive proof that egg
      transmission can occur. In the first experiment, 4-day-old chicken embryos were
      inoculated into the yolk sac with serial dilutions of virus and subsequently
      hatched. High virus doses killed all embryos, whereas low doses (14 or less
      plaque-forming units) allowed some embryos to hatch normally although infected.
      In the second experiment, virus was administered by the nasal, esophageal, and
      tracheal routes to twenty 15-month-old breeders. Eggs from -6 to 21 days and 58
      to 64 days postinoculation were incubated. Three newly hatched chicks from eggs
      laid on successive days (17, 18, and 19 days postinoculation) and one infertile
      egg (61 days postinoculation) were found infected. Active infection, as judged by
      virus isolations from cloacal swabs, was over by the 17th day postinoculation.

PMID- 164176
TI  - Horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. IV. Viral maturation
      in the feather follicle epithelium.
AB  - An experimental line of White Leghorns (WSU-VS) and a commerical line inoculated
      with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) at 1 or 8 weeks old did not differ in the
      occurrence of infectious cell-free HVT in their feather-tip preparations (FT
      HVT). The birds examined at 2 weeks postinoculation (PI) were always positive for
      FT-HVT regardless of age at virus inoculation, dose of HVT inoculated, or genetic
      line of chickens, whereas only a few were positive at 4 weeks and none at 6 weeks
      PI.

PMID- 164175
TI  - Localization of avian reovirus (FDO isolant) in tissues of mature chickens.
AB  - Mature hens were exposed to a reovirus (FDO isolant) serologically related to the
      viral arthritis agent. Examination of 23 tissues from the respiratory,
      alimentary, and reproductive tracts and tendons from the hock joint revealed
      widespread infection 4 days after inoculation via the respiratory and alimentary
      tracts. By 14-15 days, infection had largely subsided but was still detectable in
      the tendons, oviduct, and alimentary tract of some birds. No infection was found
      at 30 days. Virus isolation attempts in chick kidney cultures were more reliable
      than fluorescent-antibody tests for detecting infection. None of 156 chicks
      hatched from eggs laid between 12 and 33 days postinoculation were infected.

PMID- 164177
TI  - Characteristics of three stains of avian adenoviruses isolated in Queensland. I.
      Biological properties.
AB  - Three strains of avian adenovirus were isolated and studied in cell cultures,
      chicken embryos, and chickens. One strain (ADAM-1) was isolated from the bursa of
      Fabricius of a chicken with Marek's disease, and the others (ADAM-2 and ADAM-3)
      from one-day-old chicks with respiratory signs. Experimentally, ADAM-1 produced
      no clinical signs or lesions except atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius. ADAM-2
      caused mild respiratory signs in young chickens when inoculated intratracheally.
      The behavior of the three viruses in cell cultures and chick embryos was similar
      to that described for other avian adenoviruses (CELO). In a serological survey
      using the agar-gel precipitation test, 3-30% of sera tested gave a positive
      reaction.

PMID- 164178
TI  - Natural pox and herpes as a dual virus infection in chickens.
AB  - A natural dual viral infection was confirmed in chickens of University of
      Illinois Poultry Farm by histopathologic, immunologic, and electron-microscopic
      examination of formalin-fixed tracheal tissue. Histopathologic examination of the
      tracheal mucosa revealed eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of
      fowlpox and intranuclear inclusions suggestive of Marek's disease. Treatment of
      the formalin-fixed tracheal tissue with peroxidase and fluorescent-labeled
      antibody against Marek's disease virus revealed specificity of the reaction.
      Electron microscopy showed viral particles of two morphologic forms, i.e., pox
      and herpes. A single cell having dual infection with herpes virus in the nucleus
      and pox virus in the cytoplasm was also encountered on electron-microscopic
      examination.

PMID- 164180
TI  - Is the subjectively experienced quality of sleep related to objective sleep
      parameters?

PMID- 164181
TI  - Spinimmunoassay of progesterone.

PMID- 164182
TI  - Sub-cellular localization of vesicular stomatitis virus messenger RNAs.

PMID- 164183
TI  - The role of cyclic AMP in the thermosensitive lesion of the formation of closed
      covalent circular Rts 1 DNA.

PMID- 164179
TI  - Diphtheria toxin: mode of action and structure.

PMID- 164184
TI  - DNA binding of thyroid hormone receptors.

PMID- 164185
TI  - An effect of glucagon on 3', 5'-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in isolated
      rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 164186
TI  - Ribonucletic acid polymerase activity in purified infectious pancreatic necrosis
      virus of trout.

PMID- 164187
TI  - In vitro stimulation of steroidogenesis in rat testis by cholera enterotoxin.

PMID- 164188
TI  - Homologies in eukaryotic 5.8S ribosomal RNA.

PMID- 164189
TI  - On the occurrence of a temperature coefficient (Q10) of 18 and a discontinuous
      Arrhenius plot for homogeneous rabbit muscle fructosediphosphatase.

PMID- 164190
TI  - Assay of RNA-linked nascent DNA pieces with polynucleotide kinase.

PMID- 164191
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of calciferol VII. Localization of 1,25
      dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in chick parathyroid glands.

PMID- 164192
TI  - The synthesis and turnover of virus-specific polyadenylated RNA in polyoma
      infected cells.

PMID- 164193
TI  - Protein phosphorylation in human peripheral lymphocytes - stimulation by
      phytohemagglutinin and N6 monobutyryl cyclic AMP.

PMID- 164194
TI  - Prostatic involution: effect on androgen receptors and intracellular androgen
      transport.

PMID- 164195
TI  - Inhibition of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase from Walker
      carcinoma by ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids.

PMID- 164196
TI  - Circular dichroism study of 2'-5' dinucleoside monophosphates modified with N-2
      acetylaminofluorene.

PMID- 164197
TI  - Early effect of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) and 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2-D3) on the ability of parathyroid hormone
      (PTH) to elevate cyclic AMP of intact bone cells.

PMID- 164198
TI  - Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of membranes of GH3 pituitary cells: quenching
      by thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

PMID- 164199
TI  - Dissociation and reconstitution of chromatin without appreciable degradation of
      the proteins.

PMID- 164200
TI  - [Biology of prostaglandins with reference to therapeutic aspects].
AB  - Prostaglandins are highly potent derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids with
      multiple biological activities.  They are synthesized and metabolized in almost
      all tissues studied so far.  The E- und F-type prostaglandins may be regarded as
      local modulators of hormonal effects on cell function and--in some cases (kidney,
      uterus-corpus luteum)--as regional or tissue hormones.  Thus they seem to be
      involved in the regulation of neurotransmission, kidney function, triglyceride
      metabolism in adipose tissue and progesterone biosynthesis.  Apart from their
      influence on renal blood flow prostaglandins of the A-type possibly have an
      additional function as circulatory hormones regulating blood pressure.  Second
      messenger-systems (cAMP, Ca++-cGMP) which mediate the effects of most non
      steroidal hormones are also involved in the action of prostaglandins, at least of
      the E-and F-types.  Disturbances in prostaglandin metabolism (increased or
      decreased biosynthesis) are discussed to play a role in the pathogenesis of
      inflammation, pain, fever, hypertension, bronchial asthma and gastric or duodenal
      ulcer formation.  Drugs with antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity
      have been shown to be potent inhibitors of prostaglandin formation.  The
      correlation of a local prostaglandin deficit or the therapeutic use of single
      effects of prostaglandins by administration of exogenous compounds (natural
      prostaglandins or modified derivatives) has so long been less satisfactory
      because of their large number of biological actions which lead to undesired side
      effects.  Extensive experience have been obtained in the successful induction of
      therapeutic abortion.  This effect is based on the stimulatory action of E- and F
      type prostaglandins on the smooth muscles of the pregnant uterus which is
      resistent to the influence of other stimuli, e. g. oxytocin.  Here the incidence
      of side effects could be reduced by local administration of low doses of
      prostaglandins into the uterine cavity.  A general improvement of the therapeutic
      usefulness of prostaglandins will however only be achieved, if modified
      derivatives with more specific actions on the desired "target" tissues are
      available.

PMID- 164202
TI  - Priming of superhelical SV40 DNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase for in vitro
      DNA synthesis.
AB  - When closed circular SV40 DNA containing 58 negative superhelical turns is used
      as a template for RNA synthesis with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, a fraction
      of the RNA product remains complexed with the DNA. The RNA in the complex is
      resistant to ribonuclease in high salt, and the Tm indicates that it is hydrogen
      bonded to the DNA. The mole ratio of RNA to DNA nucleotides in the complex ranges
      from 0.01 to 0.08; the RNA ranges in length from 80 to 600 nucleotides. The
      formation of the complex is dependent on the circular DNA being topologically
      underwound since no complex is formed when closed circular DNA containing zero
      superhelical turns is used as the template. The DNA-RNA complex can serve as a
      primer-template combination for in vitro DNA synthesis by E. coli DNA polymerase
      I. After synthesis with (alpha-32P)-labeled deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates
      followed by alkaline hydrolysis, the isolation of 32P-labeled ribonucleotides is
      evidence for a covalent linkage between the RNA and the DNA synthesized. During
      the in vitro DNA synthesis, the template is nicked at a low rate, and the nicked
      molecules support extensive DNA synthesis. This observation indicates that only
      limited synthesis can occur on unnicked molecules possibly owing to the
      topological constraints against unwinding of the helix. Possible models for in
      vivo priming of double-stranded DNA by E. coli RNA polymerase are discussed.

PMID- 164201
TI  - Hyperlipidaemia in children.
AB  - Hyperlipidaemia in children is most commonly expressed as hypercholesterolaemia.
      "Normal values" for serum cholesterol, if defined statistically, vary between
      communities, and levels of cholesterol in childhood above which an increased risk
      of coronary heart disease in adult life may be expected have not been firmly
      established. It is suggested that serum cholesterol concentration over 250 mg/dl
      (6.47 mmol/l) in a child over 1 year of age merits detailed investigation,
      including full lipoprotein analysis, and levels of serum cholesterol between230
      and 250 mg/dl (5.95-6.47 mmol/l) should be repeated with further studies if
      indicated. Secondary hyperlipoproteinaemia rarely presents diagnostic problems
      but must always be excluded. The only primary hyperlipoproteinaemia likely to be
      encountered in childhood is familial hyperbetalipoproteinaemia in its common
      heterozygous form. The most effective means to date of lowering serum cholesterol
      in this condition is cholestyramine, but the long-term consequences of therapy
      are not known and treatment should at present be limited to children from high
      risk families. Long-term follow-up is essential and until results of such studies
      are available population screening is unjustified.

PMID- 164203
TI  - Cell surface changes correlated with density-dependent growth inhibition.
      Glycosaminoglycan metabolism in 3T3, SV3T3, and con A selected revertant cells.
AB  - A 35SO4-labeling/chromatography technique has been developed which facilitates
      quantitation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis in mammalian cell
      cultures. The technique has been used to compare sulfated GAG biosynthesis,
      degradation, and turnover in three related cell lines with differing degrees of
      density-dependent inhibition of growth in vitro (Balb/c 3T3, SV3T3, and SV3T3
      revertant cells). Viral transformation of Balb 3T3 cells is accompanied by a 2-5
      fold decrease in cell associated sulfated GAG. SV3T3 revertant cells, which show
      partial reversion to low saturation density in vitro, show a 2.5-8-fold increase
      in cell-associated sulfated GAG compared to the parental SV3T3 cells from which
      they were selected. In addition, the distribution of 35SO4 and [3H]glucosamine
      among the different GAG species produced by SV3T3 revertant cells reverts so that
      it is similar to the distribution characteristic of untransformed 3T3 cells
      rather than SV3T3 cells. Mild trypsin treatment of 35SO4-labeled cells removed 68
      84% of the cellular sulfated GAG, suggesting that at least this proportion of the
      total cellular sulfated GAG was located at the cell periphery. Removal of 35SO4
      labeled cells from the Petri dish with a Ca2+ selective chelating agent revealed
      a fraction of the sulfated GAG that remained tightly bound to the Petri dish. A
      higher proportion of the total cell-associated sulfated GAG remained attached to
      the Petri dish in cultures of untransformed and revertant cells compared to that
      present in cultures of transformed cells. A role for sulfated GAG in density
      dependent growth inhibition of fibroblast cultures is proposed and discussed in
      the light of the data obtained.

PMID- 164204
TI  - Relationship between fluorescence and conformation of epsilonNAD+ bound to
      dehydrogenases.
AB  - This work reports on the interaction of the fluorescent nicotinamide 1,N6
      ethenoadenine dinucleotide (epsilonNAD+) with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase,
      octopine dehydrogenase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from
      different sources (yeast, lobster muscle, and rabbit muscle). The coenzyme
      fluorescence is enhanced by a factor of 10-13 in all systems investigated. It is
      shown that this enhancement cannot be due to changes in the polarity of the
      environment upon binding, and that it must be rather ascribed to structural
      properties of the bound coenzyme. Although dynamic factors could also be
      important for inducing changes in the quantum yield of epsilonNAD+ fluorescence,
      the close similarity of the fluorescence enhancement factor in all cases
      investigated indicates that the conformation of bound coenzyme is rather
      invariant in the different enzyme systems and overwhelmingly shifted toward an
      open form. Dissociation constants for epsilonNAD+-dehydrogenases complexes can be
      determined by monitoring the coenzyme fluorescence enhancement or the protein
      fluorescence quenching. In the case of yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase at pH 7.0 and t = 20 degrees the binding plots obtained by the two
      methods are coincident, and show no cooperativity. The affinity of epsilonNAD+ is
      generally lower than that of NAD+, although epsilonNAD+ maintains most of the
      binding characteristics of NAD+. For example, it forms a tight complex with horse
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase and pyrazole, and with octopine dehydrogenase
      saturated by L-arginine and pyruvate. One major difference in the binding
      behavior of NAD+ and epsilonNAD+ seems to be present in the muscle glyceraldehyde
      3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In fact, no difference was found for epsilon NAD+
      between the affinities of the third and fourth binding sites. The results and
      implications of this work are compared with those obtained recently by other
      authors.

PMID- 164205
TI  - Conformational and functional studies of chemically modified cytochromes: N
      bromosuccinimide- and formyl-cytochromes c.
AB  - N-bromosuccinimide-cytochromes c (Myer, Y. P. (1972), Biochemistry 11, 4195) and
      formyl-cytochrome c (Aviram, I and Schejter, A. (1971), Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      229, 113) have been chromatographically purified, and the resulting components
      have been characterized in terms of their structure, conformation, and function.
      The activity measurements are considered in terms of the oxidizability, as the
      transference of an electron to solubilized cytochrome c oxidase, and
      reducibility, as the tendency to accept an electron from NADH-cytochrome c
      reductase. Conformational characterization has been carried out by absorption
      measurements, pH-spectroscopic behavior, circular dichroism, thermal
      denaturation, ionization of phenolic hydroxyls, the tendency to form the CO
      complex, and autoxidation with molecular oxygen. NBS-cytochrome c yields two
      major components, the relative proportions of which, with increasing modification
      of the protein, exhibit a pattern typical of the formation of the two in a
      consecutive manner. The first product contains the modification of the Trp-59 and
      Met-65 side chains, and the second contains the added modification of Met-80. The
      former in both valence states of iron is more or less like the native protein,
      except for an apparently slightly loosened heme crevice; the latter, as in other
      modifications involving modification of centrally coordinated Met-80, was found
      to be in a conformational state characteristic of the native protein with a
      disrupted central coordination complex, a loosened heme crevice, and small, but
      finite derangement of the polypeptide conformation. Functionally, the first
      component reflected 55% of the reducibility property and an unimpaired
      oxidizability property, while the latter exhibited derangement of both aspects of
      cytochrome c activity. Formyl-cytochrome c yielded a single component with
      modification of Trp-59. Conformationally, in both valence states, it is a
      molecular form with a disrupted central coordination complex, a loosened heme
      crevice, and gross derangement of the overall protein conformation. It exhibits a
      minimal reducibility property, 12%, whereas it retains a native-like tendency to
      transfer an electron to cytochrome c oxidase. The data from the NBS-cytochrome c
      components are analyzed with reference to the two forms in the earlier studies of
      the unpurified preparations. The results are found to be in agreement with one
      another. The selectivity between the reducibility and the oxidizability exhibited
      by the first NBS component and formyl-cytochrome c, irrespective of significant
      differences in the conformational and coordinational configurations of the two,
      has been viewed in light of a two-path, two-function model for oxidoreduction, as
      well as with reference to conformational and structural requirements for the
      oxidizability and reducibility properties of the molecule.

PMID- 164206
TI  - Metabolic properties of substrate-attached glycoproteins from normal and virus
      transformed cells.
AB  - Balb/c 3T3, SV40-transformed 3T3 (SVT2), and Con A revertant variants of
      transformed cells leave a layer of glycoprotein on the culture substrate upon
      EGTA mediated removal of cells. The metabolic properties of this substrate
      attached material (glycoprotein) have been examined. Pulse and cumulative
      radiolabeling experiments with glucosamine and leucine precursors established
      that this substrate-attached material accumulates on the substrate in growing
      cultures until cells have completely covered the substrate. The synthesis and/or
      deposition of the material diminished dramatically in cultures whose substrates
      had been completely covered with cells as observed microscopically, even though
      the contact-inhibited cell lines continued to make cell-associated and medium
      secreted glycoproteins and transformed cells continued to divide and form
      multilayered cultures. Pulse-chase analysis using long periods of pulsing with
      radioactive leucine demonstrated that these glycoproteins are deposited directly
      on the substrate by cells and not subsequent to secretion into the medium. The
      substrate-attached material accumulated during long pulses was stably adherent to
      the substrate and displayed little appreciable turnover during 3 days of chasing
      of either sparse or dense cultures. Short-term pulse-chase analysis with leucine
      revealed two metabolically different pools of material-one which turns over very
      rapidly with a half-life of 2-3 hr (observed in both low-density and high-density
      cultures) and a second pool which is stably deposited on the substrate and whose
      proportion increased with the length of the radiolabeling period. No appreciable
      differences in the metabolic properties of substrate-attached material were
      observed in the three cell types studied during growth on a plastic substrate.
      These results are discussed with regard to the implicated roles of these
      glycoproteins in in mediating adhesion of normal and virus-transformed cells to
      the substrate.

PMID- 164207
TI  - Synthesis P1-dolichyl P2-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl pyrophosphate. The acid and
      alkaline hydrolysis of polyisoprenyl alpha-D-mannopyranosyl mono- and
      pyrophosphate diesters.
AB  - P1-Dolichyl P2-ALPHA-D-mannopyranosyl pyrophosphate (9) has been chemically
      synthesized by a method developed for the corresponding citronellyl derivative,
      which also contains a saturated alpha isoprene residue. In each case, the P1
      polyisoprenyl P2-diphenyl pyrophosphate was treated with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl
      alpha-D-mannopyranosyl phosphate to give a fully acetylated pyrophosphate
      diester, which was purified chromatographically and subsequently deacetylated.
      The citronellyl and dolichyl pyrophosphate diesters were compared with the
      previously synthesized citronellyl and dolichyl alpha-D-mannopyranosyl phosphate,
      respectively, by chromatography and by hydrolysis experiments. Good separations
      of the monophosphate from the corresponding pyrophosphate were achieved by silica
      gel tlc in a variety of solvent systems. Brief dilute acid hydrolysis of both the
      mono- and pyrophosphate diesters gave D-mannose and no alpha-D-mannosyl
      phosphate, the other products being polyprenyl phosphate and pyrophosphate,
      respectively. When the polyprenyl alpha-D-mannopyranosyl mono- and pyrophosphate
      diesters were treated with hot dilute alkali, the major products were polyprenyl
      phosphate and substances arising from the breakdown of D-mannose, indicating that
      the alpha-D-mannosyl phosphate bond was the most labile linkage in both
      compounds. However, the formation of a small proportion of free dolichol
      indicated that alpha-D-mannosyl phosphate was also formed to a minor extent. The
      interpretation of the results of the alkaline hydrolysis was complicated by the
      instability of D-mannose under basic conditions, it being almost completely
      degraded by even a brief treatment.

PMID- 164208
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in mouse mammary tumors: Specific binding to nuclear
      components.
AB  - The specific interaction of glucocorticoids with nuclei of mouse mammary tumor
      was studied in vitro by incubation of the tissue with [3H]dexamethasone at 25
      degrees. It was demonstrated that the mammary tumors contain a limited number of
      specific nuclear binding sites which were saturated with low hormone
      concentrations (10-8 M)9 The concentrations of specific binding sites in the
      nuclei were related to the concentration of cytoplasmic binding sites of
      unincubated tissues and varied between individual tumors. The binding component
      in the nuclei appeared to be a protein and was easily solubilized with 0.4 M KCl
      containing buffers. The ability of various corticoids to block the nuclear
      localization of the steroid correlated well with their glucocorticoid potency.
      Estradiol and progesterone at concentrations of 10-6 M were also effective in
      competing for the glucocorticoid receptor binding sites. However, while the
      glucocorticoids such as hydrocortisone and corticosterone translocated to nuclear
      sites also specific for dexamethasone, estradiol and progesterone competed for
      the cytoplasmic binding sites and did not translocate to the nucleus. The
      possible significance of the interaction of various steroids with the
      glucocorticoid receptors in mammary tumors is discussed.

PMID- 164209
TI  - An investigation of the role of the copper in galactose oxidase.
AB  - Galactose oxidase is a metalloenzyme containing a single copper atom per
      molecule. The mechanism of action of galactose oxidase is studied in this paper
      by investigating substrate specificity and activation by peroxidase, and probing
      the copper site by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Line-shape
      simulation of ESR spectra are also reported and a comparison is made between
      observed and simulated spectra for galactose oxidase. A comparison is also
      reported for the enzyme from various commercial sources and enzyme isolated from
      a fungus in this laboratory. The results of this investigation suggest that the
      copper is in an environment of four in-plane nitrogens with axial symmetry.

PMID- 164210
TI  - Mandelate racemase from Pseudomonas putida. Magnetic resonance and kinetic
      studies of the mechanism of catalysis.
AB  - The interactions of mandelate racemase with divalent metal ion, substrate, and
      competitive inhibitors were investigated. The enzyme was found by electron
      paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to bind 0.9 Mn2+ ion per subunit with a dissociation
      constant of 8 muM, in agreement with its kinetically determined activator
      constant. Also, six additional Mn2+ ions were found to bind to the enzyme, much
      more weakly, with a dissociation constant of 1.5 mM. Binding to the enzyme at the
      tight site enhances the effect of Mn2+ on the longitudinal relaxation rate
      (1/T1p) of water protons by a factor of 11.9 at 24.3 MHz. From the frequency
      dependence of 1/T1p, it was determined that there are similar to 3 water ligands
      on enzyme-bound Mn2+ which exchange at a rate larger than or equal to 10-7 sec-1.
      The correlation time for enzyme-bound Mn2+-water interaction is frequency
      dependent, indicating it to be dominated by the electron spin relaxation time of
      Mn2+. Formation of the ternary enzyme-Mn2+-mandelate complex decreases the number
      of fast exchanging water ligands by similar to 1, but does not affect tau-c,
      suggesting the displacement or occlusion of a water ligand. The competitive
      inhibitors D,L-alpha-phenylglycerate and salicylate produce little or no change
      in the enzyme-Mn2+-H2O interaction, but ternary complexes are detected indirectly
      by changes in the dissociation constant of the enzyme-Mn2+ complex and by mutual
      competition experiments. In all cases the dissociation constants of substrates
      and competitive inhibitors from ternary complexes determined by magnetic
      resonance titrations agree with K-M and K-i values determined kinetically and
      therefore reflect kinetically active complexes. From the paramagnetic effects of
      Mn2+ on 1/T1 and 1/T2 of the 13C-enriched carbons of 1-[13C]-D,L-mandelate and 2
      [13C]-D,L-mandelate, Mn2+ to carboxylate carbon and Mn2+ to carbinol carbon
      distances of 2.93 plus or minus 0.04 and 2.71 plus or minus 0.04 A, respectively,
      were calculated, indicating bidentate chelation in the binary Mn2+-mandelate
      complex. In the active ternary complex of enzyme, Mn2+, and D,L-mandelate, these
      distances increase to 5.5 plus or minus 0.2 and 7.2 plus or minus 0.2 A,
      respectively, indicating the presence of at least 98.9% of a second sphere
      complex in which Mn2+, and C1 and C2 carbon atoms are in a linear array. The
      water relaxation data suggest that a water ligand is immobilized between the
      enzyme-bound Mn2+ and the carboxylate of the bound substrate. This intervening
      water ligand may polarize or protonate the carboxyl group. From 1/T2p the rate of
      dissociation of the substrate from this ternary complex (larger than or equal to
      5.6 times 10-4 sec-1) is at least 52 times greater than the maximal turnover
      number of the enzyme (1070 sec-1), indicating that the complex detected by
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is kinetically competent to participate in
      catalysis. Relationships among the microscopic rate constants are considered.

PMID- 164211
TI  - Effect of salts and polyamines on T4 polynucleotide kinase.
AB  - The activity of T4 polynucleotide kinase (EC 2.7.1.78) was found to be greatly
      stimulated by salts, such as NaCl and KCl, and polyamines such as spermine and
      spermidine. Up to a sixfold increase in initial rates was observed with a variety
      of different single-stranded DNAs and mono- and oligonucleotides. The optimal
      concentrations of salts were 0.125 M, corresponding to a total ionic strength of
      mu equals 0.19. For polyamines the optimal concentrations were found to be at
      approximately 2 mM. With low enzyme concentration and in the absence of
      activators complete phosphorylation was not achieved for a number of substrates.
      In the presence of salts or polyamines or high concentration of enzyme the
      phosphorylation proceeded to completion. Addition of salt led to an increase in
      both the apparent V-max and the Michaelis constant for the DNA substrate whereas
      the Michaelis constant of ATP remained unchanged. Polyamines had a similar
      influence on the kinetic constants for the DNA substrate whereas a decrease was
      found for the apparent Michaelis constant for ATP. The overall mechanism in the
      presence of activators was found to be sequential but probably of a rapid
      equilibrium random type. Of the inorganic anions tested both P-i and PP-i
      inhibited the enzyme in a competitive manner with both substrates.

PMID- 164212
TI  - Binding of manganese(II) to DNA and the competitive effects of metal ions and
      organic cations. An electron paramagnetic resonance study.
AB  - The binding of manganese(II) to DNA was studied by monitoring the concentration
      of free Mn2+ by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It was found that the
      association constnat of the Mn-DNA complex depends upon the degree of saturation.
      The competitive effects of magnesium, calcium, sodium, and a number of organic
      cations including the antibiotic drug daunomycin were analyzed and the parameters
      describing the cation-DNA interaction were evaluated. It was found that the
      association constant as well as the parameter describing its dependence upon the
      degree of saturation decrease along the series Mn, Mg, Ca, Na. Differences in the
      extent of interaction with the base nitrogens (N-7) are suggested as the possible
      mechanisms leading to these observations. The EPR spectrum of the manganese-DNA
      complex was found to be similar to that of manganese-nucleotide complexes
      suggesting a similar mode of coordination. A comparison of the results of
      competitive and direct binding studies reveals some salient features of the small
      molecule-DNA interaction and leads to the conclusion that manganese binds at the
      major groove of the DNA helix.

PMID- 164213
TI  - Evidence for glucocorticoid transport into AtT-20/D-1 cells.
AB  - Glucocorticoid uptake by AtT-20/D-1 mouse pituitary adenocarcinoma cells grown in
      tissue culture was examined. The binding of triamcinolone acetonide, a potent
      synthetic glucocorticoid, by intact cells and by cell cytosol was studied at both
      4 and 25 degrees. Specific binding of [3H]triamcinolone acetonide by intact cells
      was markedly different from cell-free cytosol binding at 4 degrees. Intact cells
      bound a relatively small amount of labeled steroid within 2 min, after which no
      further binding was observed. In contrast, the receptor in a cell-free cytosol
      preparation was capable of binding steroid progressively at 4 degrees, indicating
      that the limited binding by intact cells was not a consequence of receptor
      characteristics. At 25 degrees, uptake by intact cells and cytosol was nearly
      identical and appeared to be limited only by the binding kinetics of the cytosol
      receptor. Estradiol-17 beta, a nonglucocorticoid steroid, was not bound by the
      AtT-20/D-1 cell at 4 degrees. Triamcinolone was not bound significantly at 4 or
      25 degrees by an adrenal carcinoma cell that does not appear to be a
      glucocorticoid target cell. An Arrhenius plot of cell steroid uptake vs. the
      reciprocal of absolute temperature revealed an abrupt change in slope at 16
      degrees, which is compatible with the temperature-dependent mechanism involved in
      glucocortidoid uptake being associated with lipid constituents of the cell
      membrane. These data suggest that glucocorticoid uptake by this target cell
      involves a mechanism of specific, temperature-dependent transport through the
      cell membrane.

PMID- 164214
TI  - Stimulus-secretion coupling in platelets. Effects of drugs on secretion on
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AB  - The mechanism of stimulus-secretion coupling in platelets was investigated by
      observing the effects of drugs on the kinetics on ATP secretion induced by either
      thrombin or the divalent cation ionophore A23187. The actual secretion is the
      same with either of these agents, since the rate constants and activation
      energies of secretion are the same and since drugs that affect the final, enzyme
      independent steps of thrombin-induced secretion have the same effect on ionophore
      induced secretion. Drugs that affect early steps of thrombin-induced secretion
      have no effect on ionophore-induced secretion. Drugs that act through cAMP (PGE1,
      theophylline, dibutyryl-cAMP) slow an early step in the mechanism of thrombin
      induced secretion and completely block at higher levels, with the required
      concentration of inhibitor dependent on thrombin concentration. The inhibition of
      rate appears to be all-or-none, with no intermediate rates observed. By replacing
      thrombin with trypsin, which makes it possible to observe a complete change in
      rate-determining step from an enzyme-dependent to an enzyme-independent platelet
      step, it was found that these drugs slow the rate only when the enzyme
      independent step is rate determining. These drugs have no effect on A23187
      induced secretion. It was concluded that cAMP inhibits at a step after the enzyme
      step but before the final step by interfering with transmission of the stimulus
      secretion coupling signal. Disruption of microfilament function by cytochalasin B
      (10 muM) accelerates the rate of secretion induced by either thrombin or
      ionophore. The microtubule agents colchicine, vinblastine, and vincristine had
      effects only at concentrations above those usually considered necessary for the
      specific inhibition of microtubule function. Drugs that inhibit prostaglandin
      synthesis (aspirin, indomethacin, eicosatetraynoic acid), drugs that block ATP
      production (antimycin A, deoxyglucose), or several other drugs previously
      reported to inhibit platelet function had no effect on secretion.

PMID- 164215
TI  - The outer membrane of Proteus mirabilis. II. The extractable lipid fraction and
      electron-paramagnetic resonance analysis of the outer and cytoplasmic membranes.
AB  - 1. The lipid fraction extracted from the outer and cytoplasmic membranes of
      Proteus mirabilis with chloroform/methanol consisted almost entirely of
      phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. 2. The
      phospholipid content of the cytoplasmic membrane was more than twice that of the
      outer membrane (38% as against 18% of the total dry weight) and the proportions
      of the three phospholipids differed somewhat in the two membranes. Yet, the fatty
      acid composition of the extractable lipids was essentially the same in both
      membranes. 3. The freedom of motion of spin-labeled fatty acids in the outer
      membrane of P. mirabilis depended markedly on temperature and on the position of
      the nitroxide group on the hydrocarbon chain of the probe, suggesting that the
      local environment of the probe is an associate lipid structure with the
      properties of a bilayer. Nevertheless, the mobility of the probe was more
      restricted in the outer membrane than in the cytoplasmic membrane, indicating a
      higher viscosity of the outer membrane. 4. Chloroform/methanol completely removed
      the phospholipids from the outer membrane, leaving the lipopolysaccharide moiety
      intact. The motion of spin-labeled fatty acids in the extracted membranes was,
      however, highly restricted, suggesting that, in the native outer membrane, the
      local environment of the probe is composed of phospholipids rather than
      lipopolysaccharide. Aqueous acetone extraction removed only 75-80% of the
      phospholipids of the outer membrane. Nevertheless, the mobility of the spin
      labeled fatty acid remained highly restricted, suggesting the existence of two
      phospholipid environments in the outer membrane differing in the nature of their
      association with the lipopolysaccharide and protein moieties.

PMID- 164216
TI  - The biogenesis of mitochondrial membranes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Membrane lipids of yeast mitochondria have been enriched by growing yeast cells
      in minimal medium supplemented with specific unsaturated fatty acids as the sole
      lipid supplement. Using the activity of marker enzymes for the outer (kynurenine
      hydroxylase) and inner (cytochrome c oxidase and oligomycin-sensitive ATPase)
      mitochondrial membranes, Arrhenius plots have been constructed using both
      promitochondria and mitochondria obtained from O2-adapting cells in the presence
      of a second unsaturated fatty acid (i.e. linoleate (N2) to elaidic (O2)).
      Transition temperatures which reflect the unsaturated fatty acid enrichment of
      the new membranes reveal interesting features involved in the mechanism of the
      assembly of these two mitochondrial membranes. This approach was further enforced
      with both lipid depletion and mitochondrial protein inhibition studies.
      Kynurenine hydroxylase which does not require fatty acid for its continued
      synthesis during aerobiosis seems to be incorporated into the preformed linoleate
      anaerobic outer membrane. The newly synthesized activities of inner mitochondrial
      membrane enzymes on the other hand, appear to integrate their activity into newly
      formed aerobic-elaidic-rich inner membrane. These latter enzymes show a distinct
      dependence on fatty acid supplement for their continued synthesis during their
      aerobic phase. This suggests that O2-dependent proteo-lipid precursors are formed
      before these enzymes are integrated into their membrane mosaic. Two separate
      models are proposed to explain these results, one for the lipid-rich outer
      mitochondrial membrane and another for the protein-rich inner mitochondrial
      membrane.

PMID- 164217
TI  - Kinetics of glycerol uptake by the perfused rat liver. Membrane transport,
      phosphorylation and effect on NAD redox level.
AB  - The kinetics of glycerol uptake by the perfused rat liver were determined
      according to a model which includes membrane transport, intracellular 
      phosphorylation and competitive inhibition of glycerol phosphorylation by L
      glycerol 3-phosphate. The membrane transport obeys first-order kinetics at
      concentrations below 10 mM in the affluent medium. The K-m of the glycerol
      phosphorylation was 10 muM and the K-i of the L-glycerol 3-phosphate inhibition
      was 50 muM. The maximum activity (V) was 3.70 mumoles/min per g liver wet wt.
      These results are similar to in vitro kinetics of the glycerol kinase, except
      that K-i was found to be somewhat lower in the intact organ. At low glycerol
      concentrations, a steep concentration gradient exists across the liver cell
      membrane. The increase in the lactate to pyruvate concentration ratio during
      glycerol metabolism is related to the actual concentration of L-glycerol 3
      phosphate, not to the rate of glycerol uptake.

PMID- 164218
TI  - Binding of Au(CN)2- and Pt(CN)4-2- to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. A
      35C1NMR relaxation study.
AB  - The binding of Au(CN)2- and Pt(CN)4-2- ions to the coenzyme binding site of horse
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol : NAD+ oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.1) has been
      studied by 35C1 nuclear magnetic relaxation. Longitudinal relaxation rates were
      analyzed in terms of a simple model and binding constants for Au(CN)2-, Pt(CN)4-2
      and C1- were estimated. From a comparison between transverse and longitudinal
      relaxation rates the correlation time and the quadrupole coupling constant of
      bound chloride ion were obtained. The quadrupole coupling constant estimated from
      a simple electrostatic model for chloride ion interacting with an arginine group
      agrees with the experimental value.

PMID- 164219
TI  - Cyclic 3',5'-AMP phosphodiesterase of rabbit aorta.
AB  - Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activities (3' : 5'-cyclic AMP 5'
      nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17) were demonstrated in the isolated intima,
      media, and adventitia of rabbit aorta. The activity for cyclic AMP hydrolysis in
      the intima was 2.7-fold higher than that for cyclic GMP hydrolysis. The activity
      for cyclic AMP hydrolysis in the media was approximately equal to that for cyclic
      GMP hydrolysis, but in the adventitia, cyclic GMP hydrolytic activity was 2.1
      fold higher than cyclic AMP hydrolytic activity. Distribution of the activator of
      the phosphodiesterase was studied in the three layers. Each layer contained the
      activator. The activator was predominantly localized in the smooth muscle layer
      (the media). The effect of the activator and Ca2+ on the media cyclic AMP and
      cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase was also briefly studied. The activity of the cyclic
      GMP phosphodiesterase was stimulated by micromolar concentration of Ca2+ in the
      presence of the activator. However, the activity of the cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase was not significantly stimulated by Ca2+ up to 100 muM in the
      presence of the activator. Above 90% of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
      activity in the whole aorta was found to be derived from the media. A major
      portion (60-70%) of the media enzyme was found in 105 000 times g supernatant.
      Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in the supernatant was partially purified through
      Sepharose 6B column chromatography and partially separated from cyclic GMP
      phosphodiesterase. Using a partially purified preparation from the 105 000 times
      g supernatant the main kinetic parameters were specified as follows: 1) The pH
      optimum was found to be about 9.0 using Tris-maleate buffer. The maximum
      stimulation of the enzyme by Mg2+ was achieved at 4mM of MgC12. 2) High
      concentration of cyclic GMP (0.1 mM) inhibited noncompetitively the enzyme
      activity, and the activity was not stimulated at any tested concentration of
      cyclic GMP. 3) Activity-substrate concentration relationship revealed a high
      affinity (Km equals 1.0 muM) and low affinity (Km equals 45 muM) for cyclic AMP.
      The homogenate and 105 000 times g supernatant of the media also showed non
      linear kinetics similar to the Sepharose 6B preparation and their apparent Km
      values for cyclic AMP hydrolysis were 1.2 muM and 36-40 muM and an enzyme
      extracted by sonication from 105 000 times g precipitate also exhibited non
      linear kinetics (Km equals 5.1 muM and 70 muM). 4) Papaverine exhibited much
      stronger inhibition on the aorta cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (50% inhibition of
      the intima enzyme, I5 o at 0.62 muM, I5 o of the media at 0.62 muM and I5 o of
      the adventitia at 1.0 muM) than on the brain (I5 o at 8.5 muM) and serum (I5 o at
      20 muM) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, while theophylline inhibited these enzymes
      similarly. However, cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases in all tissues examined were
      inhibited similarly, not only by theophylline but also by papaverine.

PMID- 164220
TI  - Mammalian carbamyl phosphate : glucose phosphotransferase and glucose-6-phosphate
      phosphohydrolase: extended tissue distribution.
AB  - Carbamyl phosphate : glucose phosphotransferase and glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P)
      phosphohydrolase activities have beeh demonstrated in pancreas, adrenals, brain,
      testes, spleen, and lung. Catalysis of these activities by classical
      multifunctional glucose-6-phosphatase (D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase; EC
      3.1.3.9) has been firmly established for the first four of these tissues on the
      basis of characteristic catalytic properties of the transferase pH-activity
      profiles, apparent Km values for carbamyl phosphate and glucose, substrate
      specificity, susceptibility to inhibition by molybdate, and activation by
      deoxycholate. Additional such activity due to non-specific acid (and alkaline)
      phosphatase action also is indicated at very high glucose concentrations. The
      possible physiological significance of the newly-elucidated presence of glucose-6
      phosphatase-phosphotransferase in these various tissues, in addition to
      previously extensively studied liver, kidney, and mucosa of small intestine, is
      discussed briefly.

PMID- 164221
TI  - The attack mechanism of an exo-1,3-beta-glucosidase from Basidiomycete sp. QM
      806.
AB  - The attack mechanism of a purified exo-1,3-beta glucosidase (1,3-beta-D-glucan
      glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.58) was investigated by using as a substrate a mixture
      of two structurally characterized periodate-oxidized and reduced unbranched 1,3
      beta-D-glucans which differed only at the reducing terminal. The substrates,
      derivatives of laminarin, were altered only at the terminals due to resistance of
      the internal (1 leads to 3)-linked glucosyl residues to periodate oxidation. Each
      glucan has only a single and identical altered non-reducing terminal per
      molecule. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, one molar equivalent of glycerol was
      produced from the altered non-reducing terminal of each substrate molecule
      attacked. Using glycerol as an indication of the number of chains acted upon, the
      quantity of D-glucose produced from the internal residues was used to determine
      the extent to which a chain was initially attacked. The glucose to glycerol ratio
      during the course of the hydrolysis indicates that the enzyme proceeds by a
      multiple-attack mechanism where four glucosyl residues are successively removed
      per encounter from the non-reducing terminal of each substrate molecule.

PMID- 164222
TI  - Cold inactivation of glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase from rat skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - Inactivation of apo-glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase(phosphorylating) (EC 1.2.1.12) from rat skeletal
      muscle at 4 degrees C in 0.15 M NaC1, 5 mM EDTA, 4 mM 2-mercaptoethanol pH 7.2 is
      a first-order reaction. The rate constant of inactivation depends on protein
      concentration. With one molecule of NAD bound per tetrameric enzyme, a 50 per
      cent loss in activity is observed and the rate constant of inactivation becomes
      independent of the protein concentration over a 30-fold range. Two moles of NAD
      bound per mole of enzyme fully protect it against inactivation. NADH affords a
      cooperative effect on enzyme structure similar to that of NAD. Inactivation of
      7.8 S apoenzyme is reflected in its dissociation into 4.8-S dimers. In the case
      of enzyme-NAD1 complex, no direct relationship between the extent of inactivation
      and dissociation is observed, suggesting that these two processes do not occur
      simultaneously; we may say that dissociation is slower than inactivation. A
      mechanism in which the rate-limiting step for inactivation is a conformational
      change in the tetramer occurring prior to dissociation and affecting only the
      structure of the non-liganded dimer, is consistent with the experimental
      observations. Inorganic phosphate protects apoenzyme against inactivation. Its
      effect is shown to be due to the anion binding at specific sites on the protein
      with a dissociation constant of 2.6 plus or minus 0.4 mM. The NaC1-induced cold
      inactivation of glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase is fully reversible at 25
      degrees C in the presence of 20 mM dithiothreitol and 50 mM inorganic phosphate.
      The rate of reactivation is independent of protein concentration. Inactivated
      enzyme retains the ability to bind specific antibodies produced in rabbits, but
      diminishes its precipitating capability.

PMID- 164223
TI  - Electron-electron double resonance measurements on xanthine oxidase.
AB  - Electron-electron double resonance measurements were carried out on milk xanthine
      oxidase (xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase EC 1.2.3.2) and the spectra obtained
      supported a previous model, based on EPR data, proposing a spin-spin interaction
      between unpaired electrons associated with Fe-S and Mo. The technique
      demonstrated that the additional apparently isotropic, splitting in the Mo EPR
      spectra observed at low temperature is produced by a single site giving two
      spectra interconverting at a rate consistent with the Fe-S spin lattice
      relaxation time. Other data concerning the model and the relaxation behaviour of
      the species are discussed.

PMID- 164224
TI  - Spin label and lanthanide binding sites on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The electron spin resonance spectrum of rabbit muscle D-glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase spin-labelled with 4-(2-iodoacetamido)-2,2,6,6
      tetramethylpiperidinooxyl has two components. One component is due to a spin
      label highly immobilized on the enzyme surface and the other to a nitroxyl group
      able to tumble more rapidly. The spin-labelled enzyme is inactive. Selective
      modification of the active site cysteine residue (149) and determinations of
      total sulphydryl content implicate this residue as the site of the immobile spin
      label. The mobile spin label is attached to another sulphydryl group.
      Crystallographic studies on the human muscle enzyme (Watson, H.C., Duee, E. and
      Mercer, W.D. (1972) Nat. New Biol., 240, 130) have located a binding site for
      samarium ion in the active centre. Addition of the paramagnetic gadolinium ion to
      spin-labelled enzyme reduces the intensity of both the spin label signals (by 72%
      for the mobile and by 11% for the immobile component). This indicates that the
      metal ion site (Kd equals 0.7 mM) is close to both types of spin label.
      Measurements of the effect of gadolinium-protein binding on the relaxation rate
      of solvent water protons enable the enzyme-bound spin label-metal ion distances
      to be tentatively estimated as 15 angstrom.

PMID- 164225
TI  - Demonstration by EPR spectroscopy of the functional role of iron in soybean
      lipoxygenase-1.
AB  - 1. The EPR spectrum at 15 degrees K of soybean lipoxygenase-1 in borate buffer pH
      9.0 has been studied in relation to the presence of substrate (linoleic acid),
      product (13-L-hydroperoxylinoleic acid) and oxygen. 2. The addition of 13-L
      hydroperoxylinoleic acid to lipoxygenase-1 at pH 9.0 gives rise to the appearance
      of EPR lines at g equals 7.5, 6.2, 5.9 and 2.0, and an increased signal at g
      equals 4.3. 3. In view of the effect of the end product on both the kinetic lag
      period of the aerobic reaction and the fluorescence of the enzyme, it is
      concluded that 13-L-hydroperoxylinoleic acid is required for the activation of
      soybean lipoxygenase-1. Thus it is proposed that the enzyme with iron in the
      ferric state is the active species. 4. A reaction scheme is presented in which
      the enzyme alternatingly exists in the ferric and ferrous states for both the
      aerobic and anaerobic reaction.

PMID- 164226
TI  - Non-allosteric regulation of the uridine kinase from seeds of Zea mays.
AB  - Uridine kinase (ATP: uridine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.48) has been
      partially purified from ungerminated hybrid corn seed. It is associated with a
      soluble high molecular weight fraction from which it apparently cannot be
      dissociated without loss of activity. The stability of the enzyme is enhanced by
      the addition of dithiothreitol, glycerol and nucleotide substrate. The nucleoside
      specificity of the enzyme is limited to nucleosides containing pyrimidine and
      ribose moieties, such as uridine and cytidine. High concentrations of nucleosides
      cause substrate inhibition, however. The Km values for uridine and cytidine are
      53 muM and 125 muM, respectively, and under subsaturating conditions uridine is
      phosphorylated about five times faster than cytidine. The reaction follows an
      ordered Bi Bi kinetic pattern, with ATP and ADP in competition for the free form
      of the enzyme. Purine, but not pyrimidine, nucleoside triphosphates serve as
      phosphate donors without regard to the sugar moiety. However, all of these
      triphosphates appear to compete for the same site on the enzyme. (Km ATP equals
      590 muM, Km (app) GTP equals 61 muM, and CTP and UTP are linear competitive
      inhibitors against ATP, with Ki values of 60 muM and 240 muM, respectively.)
      Therefore, end product control of uridine kinase apparently does not involve
      allosteric sites, but instead is envisioned as simple competition between
      relatively effective or ineffective phosphate donors for a position on the
      enzyme.

PMID- 164227
TI  - Comparative study of two ATP : L-arginine phosphotransferases of molecular weight
      84 000.
AB  - Solen ensisensis muscle arginine kinase (ATP : L-arginine phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.3.3) was isolated in an homogeneous state. Its molecular weight was found to
      be about 80 000. The properties of this enzyme were compared with those of
      arginine kinase from Sipunculus nudus, an enzyme which also has a molecular
      weight of about 80 000. Both enzymes have several reactive thiol groups (8 thiol
      groups in the Solen kinase and 12 in the Sipunculus enzyme were titrateable with
      5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic) acid and histidine residues (both enzymes have 6
      reactive histidine residues). These kinases were, therefore, highly susceptible
      to oxidation. Both enzymes show the same pH optimum and absolute specificity
      towards the guanidine substrate, L-arginine. The reaction kinetics of both
      enzymes are of the sequential type. In the presence of alpha-aminoacids of Mg2+
      ADP, similar spectral effects were obtained. The enzymes differ in their enzymic
      activities and in their rate of recovery following urea denaturation. The most
      important difference that appeared to be a special feature of the Sipunculus
      enzyme is that the spectrum of the Mg2+-ADP-enzyme complex is strongly
      intensified by L-arginine.

PMID- 164228
TI  - Kinetic properties and related changes of molecular weight in a fructokinase from
      Streptomyces violaceoruber.
AB  - 1. A study of the initial reaction rates at variable substrate concentrations and
      of the molecular weight of the enzyme in the presence of different effectors, has
      been carried out using fructokinase (ATP: fructose 6-phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.1.4) from Streptomyces violaceoruber. 2. Saturation curves for MgATP or CoATP
      are sigmoidal and they change to hyperbolic in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ or Co2+
      in excess over the nucleoside triphosphate. 3. Saturation cuvves for fructose
      show intermediary plateaux at high (but not at low) concentrations of ATP or
      Mg2+. 4. The molecular weight of the enzyme in the presence of high
      concentrations of MgATP is 80 000. In the presence of fructose, and/or Mg2+,  the
      molecular weight is 20 000. 5. The effects of MgADP, uncomplexed ADP or ATP, and
      low concentrations of detergent on the kinetics have been studied. The results
      are interpreted as showing the existence of cooperative effects.

PMID- 164229
TI  - Properties of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in the central nervous system
      of Manduca sexta.
AB  - The properties of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase were studied in soluble and
      particulate fractions from the central nervous system of Manduca sexta
      (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). It was determined that: (1) The highest levels of
      phosphodiesterase occur in nervous tissue. (2) The total and specific enzyme
      activities of larval and adult brains are greater than those of the remaining
      ganglia. (3) Specific central nervous sy  stem phosphodiesterase activities of
      the adult are lower than those of the larva, but both protein and total
      phosphodiesterase contents are considerably greater in the adult central nervous
      system. (4) Mg2+ is not absolutely required for either cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase or cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase activity. (5) Phosphodiesterase
      is inhibited by a variety of physiological and non-physiological compounds,
      nucleoside triphosphates being particularly effective; Some potent inhibitors of
      mammalian phosphodiesterase are comparatively ineffective toward Manduca sexta
      phosphodiesterase. (6) Kinetic analyses of soluble and particulate
      phosphodiesterase revealed non-linear double-reciprocal plots for the hydrolysis
      of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, with Michaelis constants of approximately 10
      mu M and 20 mu M; (7) The hydrolysis of both cyclic nucleotides appears in part
      to be the function of a single enzyme or related enzymes in the insect central
      nervous system. It follows that the intracellular level of one cyclic nucleotide
      may influence the concentration of the other by inhibiting its DEGRADATION.

PMID- 164230
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide-stimulable protein kinases in the central nervous sytem of
      Manduca sexta.
AB  - Cyclic nucleotide-stimulable protein kinase (EC 1.7.1.37) has been studied in
      crude extracts from the central nervous system of the tobacco hornworm Manduca
      sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). The insect kinase was fulfhydryl-sensitive and
      required Mg-2+ for optimal activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      supernatants demonstrated the presence of multiple kinases in the larval nerve
      cord. At low concentrations, cyclic AMP was a much more potent activator of
      soluble and particulate activities than was cyclic GMP. The specific activity of
      coluble kinase and the magnitude of its activations by cyclic AMP were greater in
      the adult than in the larval central nervous system. The exogenous protein
      substrate specificity of the insect enzyme was similar to that of rat brain
      kinase with the sole exception that protamine was more readily phosphorylated
      than histone by nerve cord kinase. It was observed that cyclic AMP lowered the Km
      of Manduca sexta kinase for ATP, a phenomenon which is apparently nervous
      tissue=specific in mammals. An effective inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinase was prepared from the larval central nervous system.

PMID- 164231
TI  - Interaction of 4,5-dibromo-2,7-di-(acetatomercuri)-fluorescein with DNAs of
      different base composition.
AB  - The changes in absorption spectra in the visible region observed on adding
      different naturally occurring and synthetic DNA duplexes to solutions of 4,5
      dibromo-2,7-di-(acetatomercuri)-fluorescein indicate that the mercurial reacts
      with polynucleotides of this type. The reaction is reversible as proved by adding
      excess of KCN which restores the original spectra of the free dye. The
      interaction is characterised also by quenching of the fluorescence of the dye and
      the induction of optical activity in it. The extent of these spectral effects
      depends strongly on the (A+T) content of the complexed DNA and decreased in the
      order: poly [d(A-T)], Clostridium perfringens DAN, Escherichia coli DNA,
      Micrococcus luteus DNA and poly(dC). From equilibrium-dialysis experiments the
      same order in affinity is obtained when these poly-nucleotides are at equilibrium
      with the same concentration of 4,5-dibromo-2,7-di-(acetatomercuri)-fluorescein.
      From the changes produced by different mercurials in the ORD spectra and
      viscosity of a DNA solution it has been concluded that 4,5-dibromo-2,7
      di(acetatomercuri)-fluorescein does not cause any drastic alteration of the
      secondary structure of DNA.

PMID- 164232
TI  - The purification and properties of superoxide dismutase from a blue-green alga.
AB  - Soluble extracts of Plectonema boryanum have been shown to contain a single,
      electrophoretically distinct, superoxide dismutase. The enzyme has been isolated
      and has been found to be an iron-containing enzyme similar to that described from
      the periplasm of Escherichia coli. It contains 1 Fe3+/mole of enzyme. The
      molecular weight was approximately 36 500, and the enzyme appeared to be composed
      of two  subunits of equal size joined by non-covalent interactions. ESR data are
      presented, as are the results of amino acid analysis.

PMID- 164233
TI  - Studies on the conformational changes of metalloproteins induced by electrons in
      water-ethylene glycol solutions at low temperatures. III. Adrenal ferredoxin.
AB  - The reduction of adrenal ferredoxin (adrenodoxin) at low temperatures was
      investigated in order to separate local modifications of the active centre of the
      protein on its reduction, from the conformational transition which seems to
      accompany the change of the redox state of the irons; The ESR spectra of the
      states of the protein, where the reduced active centre is to be found by the
      "oxidized" conformation of the apoprotein, were obtained. The transition from the
      states of the protein to the state which occurs on its chemical reduction at room
      temperature was also investigated. The results of the work support the view that
      conformational changes in proteins (enzymes) which take place while they are
      functioning proceed after modifications of the active centres (change of the
      redox state, adsorption of a substrate, etc.), and are essentially caused by
      them. Adrenal ferredoxin was the third subject in our studies of the intermediate
      states of proteins which appear after reduction of their active centres by means
      of electrons trapped in water-ethylene glycol mixtures at the temperature of
      liquid nitrogen [1, 2]. In the reduced state, the active centre of the protein
      has an ESR signal with a g-factor of 1.94 [3, 4] which is convenient for our
      purposes.

PMID- 164234
TI  - Studies on plasma membranes. XXII. Fatty acid profiles of lipid classes in plasma
      membranes of rat and mouse livers and hepatomas.
AB  - Plasma membranes were isolated from rat and mouse livers, a transplanted rat
      hepatoma, two transplanted mouse hepatomas and spontaneous mouse hepatomas.
      Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine,
      phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, free fatty acids
      and triglycerides were separated and their fatty acid profiles determined. The
      various lipid classes of rat and mouse liver plasma membranes each demonstrated
      more or less specific fatty acid profiles. The number of double bonds decreased
      in the order: phosphatidylserine greater than or equal to
      phosphatidylethanolamine greater than phosphatidylinositol greater than
      phosphatidylcholine greater than or equal to sphingomyelin and
      lysophosphatidylcholine. Small species differences were noted in most lipid
      classes. A marked sex difference was observed in sphingomyelin of mouse liver
      membranes but in none of the phospholipids of rat liver membranes. The increased
      cholesterol content of all hepatoma versus liver plasma membranes was accompanied
      by a decrease of fatty acyl poly-unsaturation in most lipid classes of the rat
      hepatoma but not of the mouse hepatoma membranes. The fatty acid profiles of the
      mouse hepatoma membranes deviated much less from those of mouse liver than did
      the pattern of rat hepatoma versus rat liver. The results were discussed in
      relation to lipid fluidity of which fatty acyl unsaturation and cholesterol are
      the main parameters.

PMID- 164235
TI  - The removal of cholesterol from aortic smooth muscle cells in culture and
      Landschutz ascites cells by fractions of human high-density apolipoprotein.
AB  - Ascites cells were labeled by intraperitoneal injection of [3H]cholesterol and
      aortic smooth muscle cells by addition of [3H]cholesterol to the serum component
      of the culture medium. The release of cholesterol from cells into a serum-free
      medium supplemented with the various "acceptors" was studied using ascites cells
      in suspension and aortic smooth muscle cells in a multilayer culture.
      Unfractionated human high-density apolipoprotein was somewhat more effective in
      the removal of labeled cellular free cholesterol, in both cell types, than
      apolipoprotein derived from rat high-density lipoprotein. Following separation of
      human high-density apolipoprotein into four fractions by Sephadex chromatography,
      the effect of each fraction on the removal of cellular cholesterol from ascites
      cells was studied. The individual fractions had a lower capacity for cholesterol
      removal than the original unfractionated high-density apolipoprotein and the
      lowest activity was detected in Fraction II which comprised 75% of the total
      apolipoprotein. The effectiveness to remove cholesterol could be restored to all
      the fractions, as well as enhanced, by addition of sonicated suspensions of
      lecithin or sphingomyelin, which by themselves promoted a more limited removal of
      cellular cholesterol. Negatively stained preparations of mixtures of the four
      fractions and sonicated dispersion of lecithin were shown to consist of vesicles
      and discs of various sizes. Addition of the apolipoprotein fractions (especially
      Fractions II and IV) to sonicated dispersion of sphingomyelin resulted in a
      pronounced formation of discs which showed a high tendency towards stack
      formation. Mixtures of Fraction II and lecithin or sphingomyelin were effective
      in the release of cellular cholesterol from multilayers of aortic smooth muscle
      cells in culture. These results show the feasibility of net removal of
      cholesterol from cells which grow in a form resembling a tissue and thus provide
      a model to study the role of apolipoprotein-phospholipid mixtures in cholesterol
      removal from cells and tissues in vivo.

PMID- 164236
TI  - A method for the quantitative determination of glycerolipids containing O-alkyl
      and O-alk-1-enyl moieties.
AB  - We have developed a spectrophotometric procedure, based on a combination of
      established methods, for the quantitative determination of aklyl and alk-1-enyl
      (plasmalogens) ether-linked glycerolipids. It depends upon the release of
      alkylglycerols and alk-1-enylglycerols from phospholipids by phosphlipase C
      (Bacillus cereus) followed by saponification or by Vitride reduction the
      phospholipids; aldehydes are subsequently formed and measured colorimetrically
      after reacting them with a fuchsin reagent. The total alkyl and alk-1-enyl
      content of glycerolipids is determined oxidation of the sample withperiodate to
      form aldehydes and alkylglycolic aldehydes. The O-alk-1-enyl lipid content is
      determined on a separate sample by measuring the aldehydes produced after acid
      hydrolysis. The quantity of O-alkyl lipids is calculated from the difference
      between the values obtained for the total ether-lipid content and that of the O
      alk-1enyl lipid content. Alternately, direct determination of alk-1-enylglycerols
      and alkylglycerols can be made if these hydrolytic products are first separated
      by thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 164237
TI  - NMR studies of pig low- and high-density serum lipoproteins. Molecular motions
      and morphology.
AB  - 1. NMR spectra of porcine high- and low density lipoproteins (d 1.120--1.210 and
      1.019--1.070, respectively) and their extracted lipids were obtained as functions
      of temperature, frequency and solution viscosity, and from solutions to which
      paramagnetic species had been added. 2. About one-third of the N(CH3)3 groups in
      low-density lipoproteins are so immobile that they do not give a sharp resonance
      at any temperature up to 65 degrees C, unless the particles are disrupted with
      sodium dodecylsulphate. Most of the protein residues also undergo little
      segmental motion. 3. A marked restriction of motion of acyl chain terminal CH3
      groups suggests that chain interdigitation occurs in low-density lipoprotein.
      Apart from this, there is a general ordering of the lipids without a decrease in
      the rate of rotation about bonds, suggesting that the protein organizes the
      lipids by controlling the molecular packing rather than by direct strong
      interactions. The lipids are more ordered in low-density than in high-density
      lipoprotein. 4. All phospholipids with mobile N(CH3)3 groups are at the particle
      surfaces, in patches separated by protein. In low-density lipoprotein the patches
      are raised proud of the protein, whereas in high-density lipoproteins the protein
      and lipid polar groups are coplanar. 5. The high-density lipoprotein results are
      consistent with literature models for the structure. The low-density lipoprotein
      results suggest a new model, which is basically a trilayer. The centre consists
      of a monolayer of phospholipid with tightly-packed polar groups in contact with a
      protein core. The outer monolayer of phospholipid contains the rest (most) of the
      protein; the central layer contains the neutral lipid (cholesterol esters and
      triglycerides), interdigitated into both the inner and outer monolayers.
      Unesterified cholesterol is distributed through all three layers.

PMID- 164238
TI  - Localization of enzymes involved in polyphosphoinositids metabolism on the
      cytoplasmic surface of the human erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - 1. Impermeable inside-out and right-side-out vesicles were prepared from
      membranes of human erythrocytes. During preparation of each kind of impermeable
      vesicle, permeable vesicles were also obtained. 2. Incubation of vesicles with
      [gamma-32P]ATP at 37 degrees C for periods of up to 1 hr did not change the
      topography or the permeability of the vesicles. 3. Vesicles incorporated labeled
      phosphate from [gamma-32P]ATP into both diphosphoinositide and
      triphosphoinositide, but impermeable inside-out vesicles incorporated
      significantly more nuclide than did right-side-out vesicles. 4. Permeable
      vesicles derived during the preparation of inside-out vesicles were as active as
      impermeable inside-out vesicles in the incorporation of labeled phosphate into
      the polyphosphoinositides. However, permeable vesicles derived during the
      preparation of right-side out vesicles were not as active. 5. Impermeable right
      side-out vesicles, treated with 0.01 percent saponin, incorporated labeled
      phosphate into the polyphosphoinositides at a level comparable to that of
      impermeable inside-out vesicles. 6. These data show that the enzymes involved in
      metabolism of diphosphoinositide and triphosphoinositide are located on the
      cytoplasmic surface of the erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 164239
TI  - Changes in phosoholipid susceptibility toward phospholipases induced by ATP
      depletion in avian and amphibian erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - About half of the sphingomyelin content of fresh and ATP-depleted chicken
      erythrocytes is hydrolysed by sphingomyelinase. Removal of spingomyelin exposes
      the rest of the membrane phospholipids to hydrolysis by phospholipase C only in
      ATP-depleted but not in fresh cells. Addition of both sphinogomyelinase and
      phospholipase C to ATP-depleted cells causes about 60-70 percent hydrolysis of
      the total phospholipids accompanied by extensive (90 percent) hemolysis. The
      phospholipids of toad erythrocytes are partially available to phospholipase C
      activity in fresh cells (17-25 percent hydrolysis) without prior sphingomyelinase
      treatment. However, in ATP-depleted toad cells phospholipase C hydrolyses 66
      percent of phospholipids and causes extensive lysis. Treatment of either fresh or
      ATP-depleted toad erythrocytes by sphingomyelinase together with phospholipase C
      induces hydrolysis of most of the phospholipds with complete lysis. Restoration
      of ATP to ATP-depleted cells endows them with resistance to the attack of
      phospholipase C. The correlation between changes in ATP level and membrane
      organization as revealed by increased susceptibility toward phospholipases is
      discussed.

PMID- 164240
TI  - Evidence for constrained lipid mobility in the erythrocyte ghost. A spin label
      study.
AB  - Our data show that the ESR spectrum of 5-nitroxide stearate bound to erythrocyte
      membranes varies with the amount of label bound and suggest that, at high
      binding, a significant proportion of label molecules lie within approximately
      equal to 15-10--8 cm; this gives rise to spin-exchange (ambient temperature) and
      dipole-dipole interactions. We find that these spectral manifestations due to
      label clustering can be abolished by reduction of pH and the conjoint action of
      lysolecithin and trypsin, although both perturbations increase 5-nitroxide
      stearate binding. Both perturbations are known to mobilize intramembranous
      particles by modifying or extracting some membrane proteins. We accordingly
      suggest that the lipids and proteins of erythrocyte membranes exist in a
      relatively fixed mosaic, and that the mobility of both components is restricted
      by some membrane-associated protein framework.

PMID- 164241
TI  - ESR spectral analysis of the molecular motion of spin labels in lipid bilayers
      and membranes based on a model in terms of two angular motional parameters and
      rotational correlation times.
AB  - Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectral line shapes are calculated for a nitroxide
      spin-labeled molecule undergoing rapid restricted rotations (twisting) about its
      long molecular axis while simultaneously tumbling within a cone. Explicit
      expressions are derived for the hyperfine splittings and g-values, as well as for
      the secular contributions to the motionally modulated linewidths. The present
      model is useful for analyzing the restricted twisting and tumbling motions, and
      rotational correlation times, of spin-labeled molecules in bilayers. Simulated
      spectra compare well with experimental spectra of lecithin bilayers marked with
      cholestane spin label, over a wide temperature range.

PMID- 164242
TI  - Organization of enzymes of glycolysis and of glutathione metabolism in human red
      cell membranes.
AB  - 1) The activities of 16 enzymes of glycolysis and of glutathione metabolism were
      determined in intact human red cell membranes (ghosts) which were prepared by
      hypotonic hemolysis. 2) Enzymes and hemoglobin of the ghosts were resolved by two
      toluene extractions. Only the four enzymes hexokinase, fructose-bisphosphate
      aldolase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase could not be
      released completely from the ghosts. 3) The residual membrane fraction, which was
      obtained after the toluene extraction of ghosts prepared at 30 imOsM, contained
      0.02% of the original hemoglobin content of the red cell. Between 6.5 and 23% of
      the hemolysate activities of glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase were
      detected in this fraction after mechanical disruption. 4) Sonication of intact
      ghosts increased the activities of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, pyruvate
      kinase and phosphoglycerate kinase. 5) In "white" ghosts prepared at 5 imOsM
      phosphate buffer which contained 0.5% of the original hemoglobin the activities
      of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase were
      detected at high levels. The activities of pyruvate kinase and phosphoglycerate
      kinase were low in these preparations. 6) The results indicate that one part of
      all enzymes is loosely attached to the inner surface of the membrane as is
      hemoglobin. A second part, the "cryptic enzyme activity", is available after
      resolving by toluene. A residual part of four enzymes is firmly bound to the
      membrane. Two of them (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and glyceraldehyde
      phosphate dehydrogenase) are oriented toward the inner surface of the membrane,
      whereas pyruvate kinase and phosphoglycerate kinase are hidden in the lipid core
      of the membrane.

PMID- 164243
TI  - Solubilized DNA-dependent nuclear RNA polymerases from the mammary glands of late
      pregnant rats.
AB  - Mammary gland nuclear extracts from late-pregnant Wistar or Sprague-Dwaley rats,
      analyzed by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, were found to contain DNA-dependent RNA
      polymerases, cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins, and cyclic AMP-independent
      protein kinases. 1. The fractions from chromatographed nuclear extracts which
      contained nucleolar enzymes or nucleoplasmic enzyme II, bound radioactive cyclic
      AMP and cyclic GMP. Other fractions also bound cyclic nucleotides, some
      preferentially associating with one or the other compound. 2. Cyclic AMP
      increased the amount of RNA formed by several alpha-amanitin-insensitive
      fractions containing nucleolar enzymes. 3. Cyclic AMP reduced the amount of RNA
      formed by column fractions which included nucleoplasmic enzyme II. 4. Cyclic GMP
      increased the amount of RNA synthesized by column fractions containing enzyme II.
      5. Two major cyclic AMP-independent protein kinases which did not elute with
      enzymes Ib and II, and several minor protein kinases were present. These findings
      may have important implications for understanding the proximate control of
      transcription. A relationship between them is not established, but is under
      study.

PMID- 164244
TI  - Mitochondrial protein synthesis and the stimulation of steroidogenesis by cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in isolated rat adrenal cells.
AB  - The stimulation by cyclic AMP of steroidogenesis in rat adrenal cells isolated by
      trypsin treatment was inhibited by D-threo-chloramphenicol and by its L-threo
      isomer. The former is an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis while the
      latter is not. Both substances, at concentrations which inhibit steroidogenesis,
      inhibit amino acid incorporation into the proteins of microsomes. Inhibition in
      other subcellular fractions also occurs depending on the isomer and its
      concentration. In no case was there a preferential inhibition of amino acid
      incorporation into mitochondrial proteins. Carbomycin, another inhibitor of
      mitochondrial protein synthesis, gave similar results. In addition,
      subfractionation of mitochondria in these experiments revealed no preferential
      inhibition of amino acid incorporation into the proteins of either the soluble of
      membrane fractions of this organelle. The above results were obtained at several
      concentrations of the inhibitors when only partial inhibition of steroidogenesis
      was present. Both isomers of chloramphenicol inhibited steroidogenesis in a cell
      free system to an extent equal to that found with cyclic AMP-stimulated
      steroidogenesis in intact cells. It is concluded that these inhibitors of
      mitochondrial protein synthesis have multiple metabolic effects in adrenal cells.

PMID- 164245
TI  - Alterations in SVT2 cell transfer RNAs in response to cell density and serum
      type.
AB  - The chromatographic elution profiles of tRNA-A sn, tRNA-A sp, tRNA-H is and tRNA
      T y r from SV40-transformed BALB-3T3 cells grown in fetal calf serum or cald
      serum-supplemented media have been examined. The relative proportions of certain
      of the isoaccepting species of these four tRNAs are altered in a similar fashion
      depending on the serum type. It is suggested that the elution profile alterations
      reflect the extent of modifications of a specific G residue to the minor
      nucleoside Q, and that this process differs between untransformed and transformed
      cells. In addition, cell density appears to influence the Q content of these
      tRNAs, though other density-dependent tRNA modifications also appear to occur.

PMID- 164246
TI  - Inositol phospholipids and cell surface receptor function.

PMID- 164247
TI  - The nitrogen-fixing complex of bacteria.

PMID- 164248
TI  - Avian RNA tumor viruses. A model for studying tumor associated cell surface
      alterations.

PMID- 164249
TI  - Oncogenic Herpes viruses.

PMID- 164250
TI  - Structures and organization of cell surface glycolipids dependency on cell growth
      and malignant transformation.

PMID- 164251
TI  - [Mechanism for the stopping of an audiogenic epileptiform reaction].

PMID- 164252
TI  - Influence of reserpine on all-night sleep pattern in nonlobotomized and
      lobotomized chronic schizophrenic patients.
AB  - This study was performed on two groups of schizophrenic patients. One group
      consisted on nine nonlobotomized patients and the other of nine lobotomized ones.
      The groups were matched for age, sex, duration of illness, clinical symptoms,
      type and dose of psychopharmacological treatment. The patients of both groups
      were administered 1 mg of reserpine half an hour before bedtime, for three
      successive days. Before reserpine administration the mean percentage time of the
      NREM stage 4 was significantly higher in the lobotomized group. There was no
      significant difference in the REM parameters. After three days of reserpine
      administration in the nonlobotomized group, there was no significant difference
      in the mean percentage of the NREM stage 4, whereas the mean REM percentage
      significantly increased and REM latency decreased. In the lobotomized group the
      same procedure, i.e., three days of reserpine administration, provoked a
      significant decrease in the mean percentage of the NREM stage 4 and no
      significant changes in the REM parameters. This difference in reserpine action on
      sleep in the lobotomized group is discussed.

PMID- 164253
TI  - The behavioral effects of L-methionine and related compounds in rats and mice.
AB  - Several groups of investigators have reported that the administration of L
      methionine, with or without a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, induced an acute
      florid psychotic reaction in 40 percent of schizophrenics tested. The mode of
      action of L-methionine in brain is unknown, but may be via one or more of three
      mechanisms: the excess methionine (i) may lead to the production by
      transmethylation of some psychotomimetic methylated derivative of dopamine or
      serotonin, or (ii) could result in an increase in the levels of a metabolite of
      methionine (e.g., homocysteine, cystathionine, or cysteine), or (iii) may effect
      the cellular uptake of other amino acids. In order to test the first two
      hypotheses, L-methionine, betaine (another metyl group donor), L-methionine plus
      L-serine, L-cysteine, L-serine, and saline (as a control) were studied on the
      sleep-wake cycles of random-bred Swiss mice and on the avoidance behavior or
      rats. L-methionine plus L-histidine, L-methionine plus nicotinamide, L-histidine,
      and nicotinamide were also tested in the mice. Daily injections of 250 mg/kg of
      these compounds were administered for at least 21 consecutive days. Schedule
      performance in the rat and the sleep-wake cycles of the mice were monitored
      during this period and compared to controls. L-Methionine induced behavioral and
      sleep cycle disturbances which were removed by the simultaneous administration of
      L-serine but not by the addition of L-histidine or nicotinamide. These data
      suggest that the disruption may be due to an increase in the levels of one of the
      metabolities of methionine, homocysteine, rather than to an increase in the
      number of available methyl groups.

PMID- 164254
TI  - Time relationships in hormone responses: increased ovarian lactic acid production
      in vitro and estrogen production in vivo in immature female rats treated with
      PMS.

PMID- 164255
TI  - Induction of uteroglobin in rabbits by progestogens, estradiol-17 beta and ACTH.

PMID- 164256
TI  - Aspects of hepatic hypoxia: observations on the isolated, perfused pig liver.

PMID- 164257
TI  - Somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials after vascular lesions of the brain-stem
      and diencephalon.
AB  - Clinical and electrophysiological observations are described in 7 patients with
      clinically well-identified vascular lesions of the brain-stem or diencephalon. In
      the patients of Group A with a thalamic syndrome, the somatosensory cerebral
      evoked potentials had a reduced voltage and increased latency on the affected
      side. No significant anomalies were recorded in the patients of Group B with a
      Wallenberg or Weber syndrome. In patients of group C with a locked-in syndrome,
      the cerebral evoked potentials presented marked bilateral anomalies which
      provided interesting data about the extension of the pontine vascular lesions
      into the tegmentum. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the changes of
      average cerebral evoked potentials and in the slowing of corticipetal conduction
      are discussed.

PMID- 164258
TI  - Compressive lesions of the optic nerves and chiasm. Pattern of recovery of vision
      following surgical treatment.

PMID- 164259
TI  - Physiological studies of the dying-back phenomenon. Muscle stretch afferents in
      acrylamide neuropathy.
AB  - (1) The responses of 1,001 medial gastrocnemius afferents with conduction
      velocities of 24-126 m/sec have been studied in cats with experimental acrylamide
      neuropathy. (2) Many units which conducted at velocities indicating that they
      innervated muscle stretch receptors failed to discharge during muscle stretch or
      contraction. In animals with mild neuropathy 10 per cent of 366 units were non
      responsive. In animals with moderate or severe neuropathy the proportion of non
      responsive units was 68 per cent of 315 fibres and 89 per cent of 320 fibres
      respectively. Group I fibres were involved to a greater extent than Group II
      fibres. (3) The distributions of identified functioning units with respect to
      conduction velocity were normal, indicating that acrylamide did not produce
      conduction slowing before failure of function. (4) Electrophysiological and
      histological findings indicate that acrylamide initially produces failure of
      impluse conduction and subsequent fibre breakdown in the terminal axon while
      normal impulse conduction is preserved more proximally.

PMID- 164260
TI  - Proteins of rat brain myelin in neonatal hypothyroidism.
AB  - The amount of myelin and its protein composition was studied in hypothyroid rats
      during the first 30 days after birth. Although the brain weight was 92% of that
      in the controls, the yield of myelin in hypothyroid animals was only 60% of that
      in controls. The protein and glycoprotein ocmposition of the isolated myelin was
      similar in hypothyroid and control rats. The 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'
      phosphohydrolase (CNP) activity in whole brain from hypothyroid animals was only
      60% of the controls and reflected the decrease in myelin formation. In isolated
      myelin the specific activity of CNP was not different in hypothyroid and control
      animals with the exception of very immature animals (10 days). The major fucose
      labeled glycoprotein in myelin of the hypothyroid rats had a slightly higher
      apparent molecular weight than that in myelin from age matched controls, probably
      reflecting a retardation of brain maturation and myelin formation.

PMID- 164261
TI  - Regional distribution of substance P in the spinal cord and nerve roots of the
      cat and the effect of dorsal root section.
AB  - Chemical properties of substance P in the spinal cord and dorsal roots of the cat
      were examined by gel chromatography and paper electrophoresis. The results
      suggest that the substance is identical with the undecapeptide, hypothalamic
      substance P, recently isolated from bovine hypothalamus. Distribution of
      substance P in the cat spinal cord (L5-S1) was investigated. Substance P was
      highly concentrated in the dorsal horn, where the highest level was found in the
      dorsal part. After the unilateral ligation and/or section of the dorsal roots,
      the level of substance P in the dorsal horn, particularly in its dorsal part, was
      markedly lowered. In the ligated and sectioned dorsal root, substance P was
      highly accumulated on the ganglion side, whereas its level was lowered on the
      central side of the ligature. These results suggest that hypothalamic substance P
      synthesized in the spinal ganglia is transported in the dorsal root toward their
      intraspinal axon terminals, where the substance is concentrated and serves as a
      neurotransmitter.

PMID- 164262
TI  - Development of biochemical activities associated with myelination in chick brain
      aggregate cultures.

PMID- 164263
TI  - Axon conduction block: differential channeling of nerve impulses in the crayfish.

PMID- 164264
TI  - Effect of ouabain and phenobarbital on oxidative metabolic activity associated
      with spreading cortical depression in cats.

PMID- 164265
TI  - Responses of electrical potential, potassium levels, and oxidative metabolic
      activity of the cerebral neocortex of cats.
AB  - We measured simultaneously the oxidative metabolic activity, monitored as the
      tissue fluorescence attribute to intramitochondrial NADH, the extracellular
      potassium level with ion-selective microelectrodes, and the focal extracellular
      electrical potential, of one site in intact cerebral cortex of cats. When the
      cerebral was stimulated by trains of repeated electric pulses applied either
      directly to its surface or to an afferent pathway, the corrected cortical
      fluorescence (F-R) declined indicating oxidation of NADH, the activity of
      extracellular potassium [K+]o increased, and the extracellular potential (Vec)
      shifted in the negative direction. When mild to moderate stimuli not exceeding 10
      15 sec in duration were used, a 3-fold correlation was found between these three
      variables. The regression of F-R over either Vec, or over log [K+]o had a
      positive ordinal intercept. The results are in agreement with earlier suggestions
      4,24,25,43,45,46 that (a) much but not all the oxidative metabolic response of
      cortex to electrical stimulation is expended in restoring disturbed ion balance;
      and (b) that sustained shifts of potential (SP) in response to repetitive
      electrical stimulation are generated by glia cells depolarized by excess
      potassium. The magnitude of SP shifts associated with a given elevation of [k+]o
      are smaller in cerebral cortex than in spinal cord48,49. The correlation of F-R
      with [K+]o breaks down when pathologic processes of either seizure activity or
      spreading depression set in. During paroxysmal activity [K+]o tends to remain
      confined below 10-12 mM, a level observed in non-convulsing cortex as well, but
      oxidation of NADH progresses beyond that seen in non-convulsing cortex as well,
      but oxidation of NADH progresses beyond that seen in non-convulsing tissue. This
      observation is hard to reconcile with the suggestion that excess potassium is a
      factor in the generation of seizures, at least of the type observed in this
      study. When [K+]o levels exceeded 10-12 mM, spreading depression invariably
      followed at least under the unanesthetized condition in these experiments. During
      spreading depression [K+]o levels rose to exceed 30 mM, sometimes 80 mM. NADH was
      oxidized during spreading depression to a level comparable to that seen in
      seizures. The observations are compatible with the suggestion13 that spreading
      depression occurs whenever the release of potassium into extracellular fluid is
      overloading its clearance therefrom.

PMID- 164266
TI  - Action of various adenine derivatives on cerebellar Purkinje cells.

PMID- 164267
TI  - The specificity of oxidase and kinase preparations from Pseudomonas fluorescens
      towards deoxyfluoromonosaccharides.
AB  - With partially purified enzyme preparations from cell-free extracts of
      Pseudomonas fluorescens, 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose and 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D
      gluconic acid are substrates for glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4.) and gluconate
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.3), with K-m values 18.2 mM and 11.8 mM, respectively.
      The same enzymes that oxidize glucose and gluconic acid probably oxidize 3-deoxy
      3-fluoro-D-glucose and 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-gluconic acid. The latter fluorinated
      carbohydrates and the presumed formation of 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-2-keto-D-gluconic
      acid, which has been isolated as a calcium salt and characterizied, are not
      substrates for gluconokinase (EC 2.7.1.12). Both 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose and 3
      deoxy-3-fluoro-D-gluconic acid act as competitive inhibitors of this enzyme
      preparation for gluconate, with K-i values 47.5 mM and 14.8 mM, respectively.

PMID- 164268
TI  - Effects of potassium azide on soil microbial populations and soil enzymatic
      activities.
AB  - Preplant applications of potassium azide (KN3) to pine nursery beds were
      evaluated for effect on the soil microflora and on soil enzyme activity where
      either plastic-sealing or water-sealing techniques were used. Two weeks after
      incorporation of azide (0-224 kg/hs), soil samplings revealed reduced populations
      of bacteria and fungi and a corresponding decline in invertase and amylase
      activities. These effects were proportionate to the amount of azide used and were
      more pronounced in plastic-sealed plots. Phosphatase activity was little
      affected. Five weeks after azide application, bacterial populations were higher
      in treated plots than in controls. Greater numbers of bacteria were recorded from
      plastic-sealed plots and highest populations coincided with plots receiving the
      highest rates of azide, regardless of the sealing technique. Fungal populations
      at this sampling were generally less in treated plots than in the controls, but
      were higher under plastic seal. At this time, changes in invertase and amylase
      activities did not correspond to increased microbial numbers. Sixteen weeks after
      applications of KN3, bacterial populations in treated plots did not differ
      significantly from controls, but remained higher in plastic-sealed than water
      sealed plots. Fungal populations under plastic seal had changed little and
      remained significantly lower in treated water-sealed plots than in controls. The
      earlier recorded reduction in invertase and amylase activities was still evident
      at the final sampling;

PMID- 164269
TI  - Dissimilation of the lignin model compound veratrylglycerol-beta-(o
      methoxyphenyl) ether by Pseudomonas acidovorans: initial transformations.
AB  - The initial transformadomonas acidovorans are demethylation of the 4-methoxyl
      group of the 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl portion of the molecule, and a NAD+-linked
      dehydrogenation of the benzyl alcohol group. Based on these findings and those
      described before, an overall degradation scheme is postulated.

PMID- 164270
TI  - S.A.F.E.R.: a follow-up service for attempted suicide in Vancouver.

PMID- 164271
TI  - Home treatment versus hospital treatment. Asylum agonistes.

PMID- 164272
TI  - [Influence of calves' age on a program of intranasal vaccination against
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and para-influenza 3].

PMID- 164273
TI  - [Isolation of the virus of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine from cell
      cultures and antigenic comparison of 2 American strains].

PMID- 164274
TI  - Recovery of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus following corticosteroid
      treatment of vaccinated animals.

PMID- 164275
TI  - Glomus jugulare tumors: effects of radiotherapy.
AB  - Twenty glomus jugulare tumors which received x-ray therapy are analyzed.
      Postirradiation angiography showed persistent tumor vessels and abnormal channels
      in eight patients. Histologic study of five postirradiation specimens showed that
      tumor cells persisted after treatment in a significant proportion of the
      patients. Vascular response was nonuniform and consisted of endothelial
      hyperplasia and subendothelial hyalinization. Radiotherapy is not always
      effective in the permanent eradication of the tumor when used as the only
      modality of treatment in patients with large glomus jugulare tumors. Because of
      the frequent recurrence after irradiation or surgical resection, a combination of
      both modalities offers the patient the best probability of cure.

PMID- 164277
TI  - Biochemical characterization of carcinogen-induced mammary hyperplastic aveolar
      nodule and tumor in the rat.
AB  - Biochemical parameters characterizing growth, functional activity, and hormone
      dependence were compared in the normal mammary gland, the 7,12
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced hyperplastic aveolar nodule (HAN), and the
      mammary tumor in the rat. The rate of DNA synthesis in HAN was significantly
      lower than the rates in either the normal mammary gland cells or the mammary
      tumor cells cultured in medium containing identical hormone supplement for the
      same duration of time. The rate of casein synthesis in the explants of pregnant
      rat mammary gland and HAN was greatly stimulated when cultured in medium
      containing insulin, cortisol, and prolactin. The mammary tumor, however, failed
      to produce an increase in casein synthesis under the same experimental
      conditions. The specific estradiol-binding proteins were either absent or present
      in very low concentrations in HAN. In contrast, mammary tumor cytosol contained
      high concentrations of specific estrogen-binding proteins. The normal mammary
      gland, in spite of its low cellularity, had twice as many estradiol-binding
      macromolecules as did HAN. Altogether, these results show that HAN cell
      populations differ from normal mammary gland and mammary tumor cells by their
      nonresponsiveness to hormonal stimulation for growth and by their lack of
      specific receptors for extradiol. They retain, however, the functional capacity
      to synthesize casein, a biochemical property that the mammary tumor does not
      posses.

PMID- 164276
TI  - Studies on ectopic ACTH-producing tumors. II. Clinical and biochemical features
      of 30 cases.
AB  - This report describes the clinical and biochemical features of 30 cases of
      ectopic ACTH-producing tumors diagnosed by the detection of ACTH in the tumor
      tissues. Several uncommon tumors, such as tumors of the esophagus, stomach, and
      larynx, were included in this series. None of the patients with bronchogenic
      carcinoma showed signs of classical Cushing's syndrome, whereas 7 of the
      remaining 13 patients with other tumors were Cushingoid in appearance.
      Adrenocortical hyperfunction was present in 61 percent at the first examination
      and developed during the course of the disease in 18 percent more. In the
      remaining patients (21 percent), adrenocortical function remained within normal
      limits. These results indicate that there exist ectopic ACTH-producing tumors
      without clinical and biochemical sequelae of excess hormone. In some of the tumor
      extracts studied, MSH and CRF-like activities and serotonin were detected. This
      suggests that multiple hormone production is not uncommon in ectopic ACTH
      producing tumors.

PMID- 164278
TI  - S-adenosylmethionine:protein methyltransferases in hepatomas.
AB  - Protein methylase III (S-adenosylmethionine:proteinlysine methyltransferase; ED
      2.1.1.25) and protein methylase I (S-adenosylmethionine:protein-arginine
      methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.23) activities were examined in isolated nuclei and
      cytosol fraction, respectively, from various hepatomas with different growth
      rates. The enzyme activities of both enzymes paralleled the rates of tumor growth
      in fast- and moderately growing hepatomas. The parallelism was more evident with
      protein methylase I than with protein methylase III. While protein methylase III
      activity was elevated in the fast- to moderately growing hepatomas, the enzyme
      that is responsible for demethylating proteins, epsilon-alkyllysinase (epsilon
      slkyl-L-lysine:oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.5.3.4), had an inverse relationship to
      the rate of tumor growth, thus suggesting a possible physiological antagonism.
      When isolated rat liver nuclei were methylated in vitro with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl
      14 C]methionine as methyl donor, H2SO4-insoluble protein and histones had almost
      equal amounts of methyl-14 C incorporated. However, amino acid analysis revealed
      that methylated arginines are the predominant form of radioactivity in the H2SO4
      insoluble protein (product of protein methylase I), while methylated lysines are
      the major methylated amino acids in the histones (product of protein methylase
      III). Furthermore, the hydrolysate of the H2SO4-insoluble protein showed four
      unknown radioactivity peaks on the amino acid analyzer in addition to the known
      methylated arginine and lysine derivatives.

PMID- 164279
TI  - The covalent binding of daunomycin and adriamycin to antibodies, with retention
      of both drug and antibody activities.
AB  - Daunomycin and adriamycin, two potent cancer chemotherapeutic agents, were linked
      to immunoglobulins, making use of various covalent cross-linking methods. The
      most suitable method for binding of the drugs to the antibodies, which retained
      both antibody and drug activity, was periodate oxidation of the drug, followed by
      the linking of the oxidized drug to the immunoglobulin and subsequent reduction
      of the product with sodium borohydride. The activity of the drug-antibody
      conjugates was tested in vitro on tumor and normal cell cultures and was found to
      be similar to that of the free drug. A significant amount of antibody activity
      was retained, as found both with anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies, assayed by
      chemically modified bacteriophage, and with anti-mouse tumor antibodies, assayed
      by C'-dependent cytotoxicity.

PMID- 164280
TI  - The specific cytotoxic effects of daunomycin conjugated to antitumor antibodies.
AB  - Daunomycin was covalently bound to immunoglobulins by periodate oxidation as
      described in the preceding paper. Conjugates were prepared with immunoglobulins
      directed against either of two mouse lymphoid tumors or with nonspecific
      immunoglobulins. These conjugates were tested for their toxic effects on various
      tumor target cells as measured either by their inhibition of RNA synthesis or by
      their reduction of the growth of the tumor cells after transplantation. We found
      that the drug preferentially affected the target cells that the antibody to which
      it was attached could recognize. These daunomycin-antibody conjugates are
      therefore sufficiently toxic and selective in their effects to be potentially
      useful in in vivo therapeutic studies.

PMID- 164281
TI  - Specific depression of the antitumor cellular immune response with autologous
      tumor homogenate.
AB  - A momogenate of an SV40-transformed firbosarcoma of BALB/c mice (E4 tumor)
      injected i.p. into E4, tumor-immune syngeneic mice specifically depressed their
      cell-mediated immune responses to autologous tumor cells, as measured by a
      radioisotopic foot pad assay. The fraction of the tumor homogenate that brought
      about this depression was present in the high-speed supernatant and pellet of a 3
      M KCl extract of the tumor. The specificity of the depression was shown in three
      ways: (a) the serum of E4 tumor-immune mice, but not of normal mice, given
      injections of E4 tumor homogenate 24 hr previously, suppressed antitumor immunity
      in vitro, as measured by the release of 51Cr from labeled E4 tumor cells
      incubated with spleen cells from tumor-immune animals; (b) the i.p. inoculation
      of E4 tumor homogenate did not alter the cellular immune response of tuberculin
      sensitized mice to tuberculin; and (c) the i.p. injection of a homogenate of
      antigenically unrelated tumor did not depress the cellular immune response of E4
      tumor-immune mice to E4 tumor cells.

PMID- 164282
TI  - Chromosome analysis of a simian virus 40-transformed mouse cell line and two
      variant sublines that are resistant to cytochalasin B1.
AB  - The chromosomes of an SV40-transformed mouse cell line, SVT2, were analyzed by
      the acetic-saline-Giemsa banding technique. By contrast to most established mouse
      lines, SVT2 cells possess a remarkably homogeneous chromosome complement and
      contain two copies of most chromosomes. However, trisomy for chromosome 3 is a
      distinct feature of this cell line. Chromosomes 1, 3, 14, and 19 have given rise
      to biarmed markers. Two Cytochalasin B-resistant sublines derived from SVT2 are
      also essentially diploid for all autosomes but contain only one chromosome X;
      they display an even greater homogeneity than does the SVT2 parental cell line.
      Each of the Cytochalasin B-resistant cell lines has lost one or several of the
      biarmed markers from SVT2 and new ones have appeared. Both cell lines have lost
      one copy of chromosome 3 and one chromosome X. The results presented illustrate
      the advantages of cells of defined chromosome constitution, like STV2 cells and
      derived sublines, to study specific interactions between transforming virus and
      host chromosomes. The possible role of SV40 in the maintenance of the
      pseudodiploid karyotype of SVT2 is also discussed.

PMID- 164283
TI  - Amino- and carboxyl-terminal analyses of hepatoma lactate dehydrogenase isozymes.
AB  - The M4 isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from normal
      rat liver and from two Morris hepatomas (7777 and 7793). Amino-terminal analyses
      with fluorodinitrobenzene failed to detect the presence of free amino-terminal
      residues in each enzyme studied. Each enzyme contained between 3.7 and 4.1 moles
      of protein-bound acetyl groups per mole of enzyme. The amino-terminal peptide,
      characterized as N-acetylalanylalanine, was isolated from Pronase digests of each
      isozyme preparation, and quantitative recovery experiments indicated that all
      acetyl residues were bound at the amino termini. Carboxylterminal analyses
      demonstrated phenylalanine to be the carboxyl-terminal residue in each enzyme
      studied. These data indicate no differences in either amino- or carboxyl-terminal
      regions of the hepatoma M4 isozymes compared to normal liver M4 isozyme.

PMID- 164284
TI  - [Remarks on parotid gland tumours (author's transl)].

PMID- 164285
TI  - Histochemical observations on uptake of L-dopa into endocrine cells of the rat
      pituitary gland during the postnatal development.
AB  - The uptake of L-dopa into the cells of the adenohypophysis of the rat was studied
      during the postnatal development and at adult age using the formaldehyde-induced
      fluorescence method (FIF). The cells taking up L-dopa were classified by Alcian
      blue-PAS-Orange G staining. The correlation between the cells taking up L-dopa
      and those containing tryptophyl-peptide was estimated during the postnatal period
      and in adult rats. The cells containing tryptophyl-peptide were demonstrated
      using fluorescence induced by treatment with combined formaldehyde and acetyl
      chloride vapour. The following observations were made: 1) Great majority of the
      cells taking up L-dopa did not contain tryptophyl-peptide. Thus the accumulation
      of L-dopa into the cells of pars distalis is not due to accumulation of L-dopa
      into the cells by the same transport mechanism as the amino acids for tryptophyl
      peptide. 2) Of the cells taking up L-dopa in the adult rats 96% were
      chromophobes, 2.0% acidophilic cells (somatotrophs and cells producing
      prolactin), 0.9% R-mucoid cells (corticotrophs), and 1.2% S1- and S2-mucoid cells
      (gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs). At 10 and 25 days' age the relative numbers of
      the cells taking up L-dopa were about the same. 3) Pretreatment with nialamide
      caused only a slight increase in the number of the cells taking up L-dopa. The
      decrease in the number of the cells uptaking L-dopa of the pars distalis, which
      takes place after 5 weeks' age is thus not caused by the increased MAO-activity.
      4) Strongly chromophilic cells did not take up L-dopa. At the light of our
      results it seems evident that L-dopa is taken up by the chromophobic cells when
      these differentiate into chromophilic cells. The accumulation of L-dopa may be a
      sign of an active transport of amino acids into the cells. The accumulation of L
      dopa into the chromophobic stellate and follicular cells may reflect their
      metabolic activity. These cells probably have an important role in the production
      of the hormones of the pars distalis.

PMID- 164286
TI  - Intranuclear and cytoplasmic annulate lamellae in grasshopper spermatocytes
      (genus Melanoplus).
AB  - Intranuclear and cytoplasmic annulate lamellae were studied in grasshopper
      spermatocytes (Melanoplus) with the electron microscope. Although cytoplasmic
      annulate lamellae were observed in all three species examined, intranuclear
      annulate lamellae were found in only one species. The intranuclear annulate
      lamellae encompass certain nuclear material adjacent to the nuclear envelope
      forming a vesicle that is extruded into the spermatocyte cytoplasm. In this same
      species, cytoplasmic annulate lamellae are seen contiguous with granular masses
      of varying size. These structures were noted as being morphologically
      indistinguishable from the "yolk nuclei" of dragonfly oocytes (Kessel and Beams,
      1969; Kessel, 1973).

PMID- 164288
TI  - Accumulation of collagen-containing vacuoles in osteoblasts after administration
      of colchicine.
AB  - Embryonic mouse radii were cultured in the presence of colchicine or vinblastine
      and subsequently examined in the electron microscope. As a result of the
      administration of these drugs large numbers of vacuoles accumulated in the
      cytoplasm of the osteoblasts. The electron-dense contents of at least many of the
      vacuoles most probably consisted of collagen. This conclusion was based on the
      results of special staining methods and on the similarity of the vacuoles to
      collagen vacuoles described in the literature. The observations made in this
      study provide morphological evidence that colchicine and vinblastine disturb the
      secretion of collagen.

PMID- 164289
TI  - SV40-transformed cells with temperature-dependent serum requirements.
AB  - We have isolated temperature-sensitive SV40-transformed 3T3 cells which are
      unable to grow in low or depleted serum at the nonpermissive temperature. At 39
      degrees C, these cells do not grow in 1 percent serum, but they grow if the serum
      concentration is raised to 10 percent. At 32 degrees they grow in both serum
      concentrations. This phenotype seems to be due to a cellular mutation, as the
      virus rescued from these cells is wild-type. We tested whether other
      characteristics of transformed cells were expressed in a temperature sensitive
      way. While high saturation density is ts in these cells, other parameters of
      transformation are expressed at both temperatures. In addition, when these cells
      are incubated in low serum at 39 degrees C, they keep synthesizing DNA and lose
      viability very fast, while under the same conditions normal 3T3 cells remain
      viable for long times and are unable to initiate DNA synthesis. These cells
      therefore do not appear to revert to a normal phenotype at the high temperature,
      and they are more likely to represent transformed cell variants with a
      temperature-dependent serum requirement.

PMID- 164287
TI  - The fine structure and phosphatase cytochemistry of the golgi complex and
      associated structures in the sertoli cells of Syrian hamsters.
AB  - The Golgi complex in the Sertoli cell of the Syrian hamster is well developed and
      consists of stacks of cisternae and associated vesicles. The inner- and outermost
      cisternae of the Golgi stacks are usually moderately dilated and exhibit numerous
      fenestrations. The middle portions of the intermediate cisternae are greatly
      flattened and not fenestrated, but toward the periphery these cisternae gradually
      become dilated and show a few fenestrations. On the inner aspect of the Golgi
      stacks the following structures are seen frequently: (1) one or two series of
      linearly arrayed circular profiles some of which are interconnected by tubules;
      (2) networks of anastomosing tubules with circular or oval meshes (800 to 1200 A
      in diameter); and/or (3) irregularly disposed tubules. The circular profiles and
      tubules are approximately 450 A in diameter. Acid phosphatase activity was
      localized in these anastomosing tubules when the tissues were incubated for more
      than one hour in a modified Gomori's medium (Barka and Anderson, 1963). Strong
      thiamine pyrophosphatase activity was demonstrated in the inner one to three
      cisternae of the Golgi stacks but not in the associated tubules. The system of
      the Golgi associated tubules is morphologically and histochemically distinct from
      the Golgi stacks and is probably equivalent to the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum
      lysosome system (GERL) in other cell types. The three dimensional aspects of the
      GERL-equivalent system are discussed.

PMID- 164290
TI  - The interaction of estradiol-receptor protein with the genome: an argument for
      the existence of undetected specific sites.
AB  - In extracts from rat and calf uterus, the steroid hormone 17 beta-estradiol
      stimulates the binding of its specific receptor protein to DNA. This interaction
      appears to be of low affinity (half of the estradiol-activated, 5S receptor bound
      at 300-400 mug/ml DNA) and nonspecific with respect to DNA base sequence. No
      binding to double-stranded RNA is observed. These findings are consistent with
      several in vivo observations. In particular, when the cytoplasmic receptor
      protein binds hormone, it migrates to the cell nucleus to an extent consistent
      with its affinity for DNA in vitro, and this in vivo nuclear binding is uniform
      and nonsaturable in the testable range (to greater than 3 times 10-4 sites per
      cell). The level of biological response appears to parallel the hormone dose up
      to these high levels of receptor binding. How are these observations to be
      reconciled with the prevalent view of steroid receptors as gene control proteins
      regulating transcription at specific loci on the genome? Our model is based on an
      analogy with the DNA binding properties of the E. coli lac repressor protein. We
      believe that the estradiol receptor exerts its effect by binding to a small
      number of high affinity sites on the genome, while also having a finite low
      affinity for nonspecific DNA sequences. These nonspecific loci, because of their
      vast number, completely mask the presence of the high affinity sites. We estimate
      that up to 10-3 specific sites, with affinities in the range 10- minus 8 minus 10
      minus 10 M, could exist without being detected by bulk binding assays currently
      in use. However, alternative approaches should allow detection of these sites,
      and some of these are suggested.

PMID- 164291
TI  - Chicken leukosis virus genome sequences in DNA from normal chick cells and virus
      induced bursal lymphomas.
AB  - Genome sequences of two recent field isolates of avian leukosis viruses in the
      DNA of normal and neoplastic chicken cells were studied by DNA-RNA hybridization
      under conditions of DNA excess. Comparisons were made between 60-70S RNA from
      these viruses and that of a chicken endogenous type C virus (RAV-0), and of a
      series of "laboratory" leukosis and sarcoma viruses, by competitive hybridization
      analysis. A minimum of 18% of the genome sequences of both ALV isolates detected
      in DNA from lymphomas they induced were not detected in normal chicken DNA. The
      vast majority of the fraction of RNA sequences from ALV which do form hybrids
      with normal chick DNA appear to be reacting with the endogenous provirus of RAV
      0. The genomic representation of a variety of avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses
      in normal chicken cells could not be distinguished by these methods (except that
      13% of the RAV-0 genome was not shared with any of the other viruses). In
      contrast, the portion of the ALV genome exogenous to the normal chicken geome
      showed significant divergence from that of two sarcoma viruses (Pr RSV-C and B
      77). The increased hybridization of ALV RNA with lymphoma DNA was used to detect
      the appearance of ALV specific sequences in the bursa of Fabricius following
      infection.increased hybridization was correlated with both the time after
      infection and the extent of replacement of the bursa by lymphoma. About one half
      of the increase in hybridization preceded histologic evidence of transformation.

PMID- 164293
TI  - Methylated nucleotides block 5' terminus of HeLa cell messenger RNA.
AB  - Polyadenylylated [poly(A)+] mRNA from HeLa cells that were labeled with [3H
      methyl]-methionine and 14C-uridine was isolated by poly(U)-Sepharose
      chromatography. The presence of approximately two methyl groups per 1000
      nucleotides of poly(A)+ RNA was calculated from the 3H/14C ratios and known
      degrees of methylation of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNAs. All four 2'-O
      methylribonucleosides, but only two base-methylated derivatives, 7
      methylguanosine (7MeG) and 6-methyladenosine (6MeA), were identified. 6MeA was
      the major component accounting for approximately 50% of the total methyl-labeled
      ribonucleosides. 7MeG, comprising about 10% of the total, was present exclusively
      at the 5' terminus of the poly(A)+ RNA and could be removed by periodate
      oxidation and beta elimination. Evidence for a 5' to 5' linkage of 7MeG to
      adjacent 2'-O-methylribonucleosides through at least two and probably three
      phosphates to give structures of the type 7MeG5'ppp5pNMep- and
      7MeG5'ppp5'NMepNmep- was presented. The previous finding of similar sequences of
      methylated nucleotides in mRNA synthesized in vitro by enzymes associated with
      virus cores indicates that blocked 5' termini may be a characteristic feature of
      mRNAs that function in eucaryotic cells.

PMID- 164292
TI  - Distribution of murine type B and type C viral nucleic acid sequences in template
      active and template inactive chromatin.
AB  - Template active chromatin and template inactive chromatin have been fractionated
      from mouse cells infected with the Moloney strain of murine leukemia virus. In
      vivo the cells produce abundant Rna homologous to Moloney leukemia virus, but do
      not produce either globin mRNA or RNA homologous to type B mouse mammary tumor
      virus. The DNA extracted from the template active chromatin or template inactive
      chromatin contained equal amounts of sequences homologous to Moloney type C
      virus, to type B virus, or to globin mRNA. The results are discussed with regard
      to the in vivo structure of chromatin and the difficulties in fractionating
      chromatin in vitro.

PMID- 164294
TI  - [Polygraphic study in hypersomnia].

PMID- 164295
TI  - [Methods and evaluation of the polygraphic recording of the nocturnal sleep.
      Comprehensive review].

PMID- 164296
TI  - [Academician Henner's contribution to the knowledge of multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 164297
TI  - Organ-specific effects of DNA methylation by alkylating agents in the inbred
      Swiss mouse.
AB  - Young adult inbred Swiss mice given single or repeated equitoxic doses of N
      methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNUA) or methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) develop thymomas
      and pulmonary adenomas only following MNUA in spite of nearly identical overall
      alkylation of DNA of tumour target tissues by both agents due mainly to the
      biologically ineffective product 7-methylguanine. The main difference in DNA
      alkylation was the production of O6-methylguinine, a known pre-mutagenic product,
      by MNUA in amounts 10 or more times as large as following MMS. This supports the
      possibility that somatic mutations are a part of the process of carcinogenesis.

PMID- 164298
TI  - Role of the slow current in cardiac electrophysiology.

PMID- 164299
TI  - The mitochondrion and biologic oxidations.

PMID- 164300
TI  - Effects of volatile anesthetics on isolated mitochondrial calcium uptake.

PMID- 164301
TI  - Fluorometry of citrate in serum, with use of citrate (pro-3S)-lyase.
AB  - We describe a procedure for enzymatic assay of citrate in human serum. The
      citrate is degraded to acetate and oxaloacetate with citrate oxaloacetate-lyase
      (pro-3S-CH2-COO- yields acetate) (EC 4.1.3.6). Some oxaloacetate loses CO2 to
      form pyruvate. Addition of malate and lactate dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.37 and
      1.1.1.27) permits determination of the oxaloacetate and pyruvate generated, and
      thus of the citrate concentration. The decrease in NADH concentration is measured
      fluorometrically. Results obtained for 30 consecutive human sera by this
      procedure were compared to the procedure in which the citrate is converted to
      pentabromoacetone. There was no statistically significant difference in values
      obtained by the two procedures. The range of values (mean plus or minus 2 SD)
      found for sera from 25 blood donors by this procedure was 12.8-27.2 mg/liter
      (mean, 19.0 mg/liter). Serum citrate as measured by both procedures during a
      glucose tolerance test was decreased from initial values under the influence of
      administered glucose (and endogenous insulin). Insulin concentrations were also
      measured during these glucose-tolerance tests. Citrate concentrations remain
      subnormal after the glucose and insulin concentrations return to their initial
      values. This accords with published reports.

PMID- 164302
TI  - Hyperlipoproteinaemia in ponies: mechanisms and response to therapy.
AB  - (I) The lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in sera of 4 healthy and 9
      hyperlipaemic patients were determined. From the results of the analyses, it is
      suggested that three types of hyperlipoproteinaemia can be distinguished in
      ponies: (a) Type 1, characterised by a very pronounced increase in only the very
      low density lipoproteins (VLDL); (b) Type 2, in which there is a pronounced
      increase in the chylomicrons (Chylo) and the very low density lipoproteins
      (VLDL); (c) Type 3, which can be the result of fasting and is characterised by a
      moderate increase in the concentration of chylomicrons and a greater increase in
      very low density lipoproteins. It is suggested that hyperlipoproteinaemia in
      ponies can be classified on the basis of electrophoretic patterns. (II) To gather
      more information on the metabolism of extra offered lipids, blood from ponies
      suffering from two different types of hyperlipoproteinaemia was transfused into
      normal ponies and the changes in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in the
      blood serum were followed. The reactions were different. When heparin was used as
      anticoagulant a great increase in chylomicrons and a significant increase in very
      low density lipoproteins in a healthy pony was observed. When sodium citrate was
      used as anticoagulant a clear increase in the VLDL fraction only was noticed.

PMID- 164303
TI  - The formation of 2-hydroxybutyric acid in experimental animals.
AB  - 1. The formation of 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2-HB) has been studied by animal
      experiments. 2. 2-HB was excreted in the urine together with lactic acid
      following intravenous administration of huge amounts of 3-hydroxybutyric acid
      (sodium salt) to a dog. 3. Rats made diabetic by an injection of streptozotocin
      were found to excrete large quantities of 2HB in the urine (up to 300 mumol/24 h)
      together with the development of ketoacidosis. 4. The use of 14-C-labelled
      precursors clearly showed that the amino acids methionine, threonine and
      homoserine can be converted to 2-HB. 5. 2-Aminobutyric acid is also converted to
      2-HB, with 2-oxobutyric acid as an intermediate metabolite. The ratio between the
      urinary concentrations of 2-HB and 2-oxobutyric acid was increased by the
      ingestion of ethanol. 6. In normal rats neither a prolonged fasting period nor
      loading with large doses of methionine, threonine and homoserine resulted in the
      excretion of 2-HB. 7. The mechanisms behind the formation of 2-HB are discussed,
      and it is concluded that an increased NADH2/NAD ratio in the cytoplasma is the
      most important factor.

PMID- 164304
TI  - The quantitation of cyclophosphamide in human blood and urine by mass
      spectrometry-stable isotope dilution.
AB  - The levels of cyclophosphamide in the blood and the urine of patients have been
      monitored by direct insertion, electron impact mass spectrometry using the
      principle of stable isotope dilution. When a tetradeuterated analogue of the drug
      was added to a sample of blood or urine the concentration of cyclophosphamide
      could be determined from the ratio of the intensities of the signals (M-CH2 C1)
      characteristic for cyclophosphamide and the tetradeuterated analogue present in
      the mass spectrum of a chloroform extract. The procedure is highly specific for
      cyclophosphamide and obviates the need to use radioactively labelled
      cyclophosphamide for quantitation of the drug in man.

PMID- 164305
TI  - A longitudinal assessment of lipid ratios in the diagnosis of type III
      hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - Type III hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) has been overdiagnosed in the past, but
      still may go undiagnosed because of technical difficulties. This longitudinal
      study of 19 ultracentrifugally proven cases of Type III HLP shows that 2 lipid
      ratios can be used to supplement the findings of a floating beta band. These
      patients have been followed for 3 months to 2.5 years whilst on dietary and/or
      drug treatment. A group composed of more than 100 Type IIB, Type IV and Type IIB
      IV hyperlipoproteinaemic patients has been used for comparison purposes. From a
      total of 310 ultracentrifugal analyses, it was found that the following 2 ratios
      have more than a 90 percent predictability for Type III HLP: supernatant
      cholesterol/supernatant triglyceride greater than or equal to 0.35 (Ratio 2);
      supernatant cholesterol/whole plasma triglyceride greater than or equal to 0.25
      (Ratio 3). These ratios are particularly valuable in Type III HLP when the plasma
      is grossly hyperlipaemic or when the lipid levels are low because of successful
      treatment.

PMID- 164306
TI  - Serum pseudocholinesterase and ceruloplasmin in various types of
      hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Starting from previous observations emphasizing an increased pseudocholinesterase
      (PCE) activity in obese and hyperlipemic subjects, the behaviour of this enzyme
      and of ceruloplasmin was studied in connection with changes of serum lipids and
      lipoproteins in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia. When compared to values
      detected in 67 middle-aged normal weight normolipemic subjects, PCE activity was
      found to be significantly greater (smaller than 0.001) in the 49 overweight
      subjects without obvious hyperlipemia but presenting a moderate increase of the
      prebeta electrophoretic fraction. PCE activity was much higher in lean or
      overweight subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (68 patients with type
      IV and 86 patients with mixed hyperlipemia). The slight increase of mean values
      of PCE activity in the 53 subjects with type II-a was due mainly to overweight
      subjects, while this enzyme's activity was not significantly changed in lean
      subjects with pure hypercholesterolemia. PCE activity was positively correlated
      with serum triglyceride (r equals 0.540; p smaller than 0.001) and the prebeta
      electrophoretic fraction (r equals 610; p smaller than 0.001). The correlation
      with beta-lipoproteins was not significant. Ceruloplasmin levels were not
      significantly changed. It is suggested that elevation of PCE activity could be
      connected to mechanisms leading to an increased secretion rate of lipoproteins.

PMID- 164308
TI  - Immunoreactive ACTH and cortisol plasma levels during pregnancy. Detection and
      partial purification of corticotrophin-like placental hormone: the human
      chorionic corticotrophin (HCC).
AB  - The high plasma cortisol and ACTH levels present in pregnant women as well as the
      non-parrallelism of their plasma extract dilution curves in comparison with the
      standard curve in the ACTH radioimmunoassay, are evidence for the presence of an
      ACTH-like substance during pregnancy which would interfere with the assay.
      Placental extracts were obtained by acid-acetone extraction, followed by partial
      purification with oxycellulose and by extraction with porous glass powder. A
      substance was detected which partially cross-reacted with synthetic human ACTH in
      the radioimmunoassay and which showed biological activity using the assay
      procedure described by Liscomb & Nelson. The data sustain the existence of an
      ACTH-like placental hormone: human chorionic corticotrophin (HCC).

PMID- 164307
TI  - Studies on changes in lipid profiles of the rat gastric mucosa with stress
      ulcers.
AB  - Gastric mucosal lipid patterns were studied in normal and in restrained rats
      which developed mucosal erosions. Organic solvent extraction, silicic acid
      column, and thin-layer chromatography were employed to separate and gas-liquid
      chromatography and spectrophotometry to quantitize the individual lipid
      components. Chemical analysis revealed profound alterations in the mucosal lipid
      profiles of rats with gastric mucosal erosions. Cholesterol esters were markedly
      elevated, cholesterol, free fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine were
      markedly lower in the extracts of ulcerated tissue, and the titer of
      lysophospholipids was about eight times higher than in the controls. Lipid
      phosphorus was elevated in stressed rats. The amount of neutral glycolipids was
      similar for both groups, but tetra- and oligohexoside ceramides, which were
      present in the gastric mucosa of the control rats, were virtually absent from the
      ulcerated mucosa. In contrast to the alterations in lipid profile mentioned
      above, the total lipid weight per tissue preparation was very similar for the
      ulcerated and normal control groups.

PMID- 164310
TI  - Genital herpesvirus infection.

PMID- 164309
TI  - Management of sexually transmissible infections during pregnancy.

PMID- 164311
TI  - Stature and longitudinal growth in thalassemia major. A study of 229 Greek
      patients.
AB  - A high percentage of Greek children with homozygous b-thalassemia were short and
      had a lag in growth, though some severely affected attained normal height. Bone
      age lagged significantly behind the chronologic age, even in those with normal
      height for their age. A longitudinal study demonstrated an initial normal growth
      velocity which decreased after the age of six for males and eight for females. No
      patient had a spurt of growth at adolescence. Height gain continued up to the age
      of 21 and then ceased. Statistical analysis with a multiple regression equation
      showed a significant relationship between the age and height of the patients. Low
      hemoglobin levels and severity of the disease seemed to hinder normal growth, but
      neither relationship was statistically significant.

PMID- 164312
TI  - Effects of clofibrate and a fat-modified diet on serum lipids.
AB  - The combined effect of clofibrate and a fat-modified diet was determined in 17
      hyperlipidemic patients: 7 type IIA, 7 type IV, 2 type VI(IIB), and 1 type III.
      Control serum lipid levels and lipoprotein patterns and their alteration with a
      fat-modified diet had been determined previously 1/2 to 2 years for 3 patients,
      and 6 to 10 years for 14 patients. Two grams of clofibrate a day (0.5 gm four
      times daily) was taken along with the fat-modified diet for 2 to 6 months by 5
      patients and for 2 years by 13 patients. The effect of clofibrate and a fat
      controlled diet was also determined in 10 normolipidemic men who were subjects of
      an 18-day test in which the polyunsaturated fat diet was quantitatively prepared
      and eaten along with 2 gm clofibrate a day (0.5 gm four times daily). The effect
      of clofibrate on serum cholesterol levels was a further mean reduction in type
      IIA patients by 19 %, in type III by 23%, in type IV by 12%, in type VI by 7%,
      and in normolipidemic subjects by 8%. The extent of the additional serum
      cholesterol reduction with clofibrate in individual hyperlipidemic patients
      varied from +10% to minus 44% and was not related directly to the type of
      hyperlipidemia. The extent of reduction appeared related directly to the level of
      minus S 40-70 (similar to Sf 12-20) lipoprotein fraction in the control serum
      sample. Serum triglyceride levels were unaffected in type IIA and normolipidemic
      subjects. Serum triglyceride levels did not change consistently in the 2 type VI
      patients, rising by 11% in 1 and dropping by 31% in the other. Serum triglyceride
      levels were significantly (p = 0.001) and consistently reduced by 39% only in
      type IV patients.

PMID- 164313
TI  - Long-term therapy of viramin D-resistant richets with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
AB  - The long-term effects of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25
      HCC), were evaluated in 2 children with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant
      rickets. Serial total balance studies demonstrated an apparent lack of
      correlation between the effects of the vitamin on intestinal absorption of
      calcium and phosphorus and both the onset of healing in 1 of the 2 patients
      treated with 5,000 to 7,500 u of the metabolite and the absence of demonstrable
      radiologic improvement in another patient in whom the final dosage was 20,000 u.
      per day. At first, the metabolite induced a positive calcium balance in both
      patients resulting largely from a reduction in intestinal calcium excretion.
      Despite a continued positive calcium balance, 1 of the 2 patients did not
      demonstrate further healing, while in the other patient healing was noted even
      when total calcium balance was negative. Serum phosphate levels did not return to
      normal in either patient, nor was phosphate excretion altered by 25-HCC. Serum
      alkaline phosphatase remained elevated in both. Serum immunoassayable parathyroid
      hormone levels were consistently normal to high-normal in the 2 patients
      throughout more than 24 months of observation. No instances of hypercalcemia and
      only occasional hypercalciuric episodes were noted.

PMID- 164314
TI  - Effects of high dosage delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on sleep patterns in man.
AB  - Electroencephalographic readings and eye movement were recorded in experienced
      marijuana users under placebo and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Four subjects were
      studied for 3 baseline nights, 3 nights under initial dosage of 70 mg/day, the
      last 3 nights of a 2-wk period of 210 mg/day, and the first 3 nights of
      withdrawal. Three other subjects were studied only during the latter 2
      conditions. Administration of THC significantly reduced eye movement activity
      during sleep with rapid eye movements (REM) and, to a lesser extent, the duration
      of REM itself. Withdrawal led to increases above baseline in both measures but
      the "rebound" effect was greater for eye movement. Stage 4 sleep tended to
      increase on drug, but this effect was not statistically significant. On
      withdrawal, stage 4 sleep decreased significantly; this change was marked only on
      the first withdrawal night. The functional or biological significance of these
      changes is unclear. Nevertheless, these are the most marked effects of THC on
      brain electrical activity demonstrated thus far. Since its pattern of effects on
      sleep appears unique to THC, this drug may prove to be a valuable tool in the
      elucidation of the pharmacology of sleep. Possible relations between effects on
      sleep pattern and on behavior are discussed.

PMID- 164315
TI  - Bone metastases in Wilms' tumour.
AB  - In a series of 81 patients with a diagnosis of Wilms' tumour seen at the Hospital
      for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, between 1960-1972, two patients developed
      histologically proven bone metastases. In one patient a lump on the head was the
      presenting symptom of his Wilms' tumour. In the second patient an isolated
      metastasis developed in the iliac bone 2 3/4 years after complete removal of an
      encapsulated Wilms' tumour. The bone lesion was outside the previously irradiated
      volume. Response to treatment was poor and both patients died with further
      widespread disease. A review of other series confirms the low incidence of bone
      metastases from Wilms' tumour and the poor prognosis of this complication. This
      contrasts with a high incidence of pulmonary metastases in which the response to
      treatment and subsequent survival is good. The value of skeletal surveys and
      scans in detecting this relatively rare site of metastases from Wilms' tumour is
      discussed.

PMID- 164316
TI  - Some urographic aspects of the horseshoe kidney anomaly-a review of 59 cases.
AB  - The urographic findings in 59 cases of horseshoe kidney are reviewed. Significant
      degrees of rotation are commoner and more pronounced in the left kidney in these
      cases than in the right kidney. This factor, rather than obliquity of the
      kidneys, is more likely to play a part in the development of upper urinary tract
      obstruction. Reversal of the normal direction of obliquity is not as common as is
      generally thought. The horseshoe kidney is, more often than not, mildly ectopic.
      Gross failure of ascent of the kidneys in the abdomen is uncommon. Evidence of
      pelvi-ureteric obstruction, especially hydronephrosis, occurred in just under
      half the cases. The reasons for this are discussed. The occurrence of other
      associated urinary tract anomalies, as well as acquired renal conditions, is
      considered.

PMID- 164317
TI  - Calcification in undifferentiated abdominal malignancies.
AB  - Four cases of undifferentiated abdominal malignancy are reported with a pattern
      of bizarre dystrophic calcifications. All of the cases had confusing histology
      and were long-term survivors; two being still alive. We feel that the radial,
      conglomerate masses of calcification, which do not conform to any organ, should
      suggest the diagnosis of an undifferentiated malignancy. The differential
      diagnosis and distinction from other causes of abdominal calcification is
      discussed.

PMID- 164318
TI  - Subcutaneous bone formation in the naevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome: normal
      urinary cyclic AMP response to parathyroid hormone infusion.
AB  - A patient with the naevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome had subcutaneous bone
      formation in the areas other than those occupied by the carcinomata. The patient
      did not show a significant phosphaturic response after parathyroid hormone
      infusion, but this extract produced a normal excretion of cyclic AMP. This proves
      that the subcutaneous bone does not signify an affinity to pseudo
      hypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 164319
TI  - Effect of starvation on fructose diphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and
      phosphoglucomutase activities in organs of Pseudemys (Chrysemys) scripta elegans.

PMID- 164320
TI  - Species differences in the hormonal control of lipogenesis in rat and chicken
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 164321
TI  - Microsomal synthesis of phosphatidylinositol and its exchange between subcellular
      structures of rat liver.

PMID- 164322
TI  - Comparative studies on glucose phosphorylating isoenzymes of vertebrates. V.
      Glucose phosphotransferases in the liver of reptiles.

PMID- 164323
TI  - Enzymatic and biochemical characterization of the avian glycogen body.

PMID- 164324
TI  - Psychiatry of somatic diseases: epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification.

PMID- 164326
TI  - Effect of continuous oral administration of estriol on corpus luteum function.

PMID- 164325
TI  - A report to the profession from the breast cancer task force.

PMID- 164327
TI  - Collagen biosynthesis.

PMID- 164330
TI  - [Proton and electron transport through bilayer membranes and the decane/water
      interface in the presence of chlorophyll].

PMID- 164328
TI  - Recent advances in DNA sequence analysis.

PMID- 164331
TI  - [Phosphoinositide metabolism and nervous impulse conduction].

PMID- 164332
TI  - [Determination of the nitroxyl radical (TAN) in neoplastic and normal animal
      tissues].

PMID- 164329
TI  - Regulation of the Caulobacter cell cycle.

PMID- 164333
TI  - [Malignant epithelial liver tumours in children (author's transl)].
AB  - Ten cases of malignant epithelial liver tumours in children, observed during a 12
      year period (1962 to 1974), are described. They represent one of the largest
      groups of this neoplasm reported in the German-language medical literature. All
      histological types of malignant epithelial tumours were found among the ten
      cases. The prognosis of these tumours in children is poor, but it can be improved
      by modern therapeutic methods. Once the diagnosis has been established
      histologically (which may be difficult), radical surgery is essential, but to be
      successful early diagnosis is needed. Judged by optimal results of treatment this
      personal series constitutes a negative selection.

PMID- 164335
TI  - [Activity of enzymes of galactose metabolism in so-called congenital cataract
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Activity of galactokinase (69 subjects) and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl
      transferase (92 subjects) were measured in haemolysed blood from children
      (predominantly of school age) with congenital cataract. chi2 tests, gene
      frequency determination and metabolic-kinetic studies indicated that the changes
      in the lens in congenital cataract are partly due to a manifest or latent
      disorder of galactose metabolism, in particular a glactose-1-phosphate uridyl
      transferase defect.

PMID- 164334
TI  - [Long-term treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia, types IIa and IIb, with etiroxate
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A synthetic thyroxine derviative, etiroxate (DL-alpha-methyl-thyroxine-ethylester
      CG 635) was administered to 40 patients with type IIa and 19 with type IIb
      hyperlipoproteinaemia for up to 390 days, 40 mg daily. It achieved a constant
      decrease in cholesterol of 83 mg/dl (23%) in type IIa and 64 mg/dl (18%) in types
      the alpha-and pre bata-lipoproteins fell when the concentration was greater than
      or equal to 200 mg/dl and greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl, respectively, both
      fractions rising when the initial concentration was below the mentioned figures.
      There were only slight side effects, such as gastric and autonomic nervous system
      symptoms. No statistically significant increase in anginal symptoms was found,
      even in patients with known coronary insufficiency.

PMID- 164336
TI  - [Therapy of poisoning with heavy metals].

PMID- 164337
TI  - [Somatostatin--effects and possible clinical significance].

PMID- 164339
TI  - Effect of PGE1 and TSH on cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in the thyroid.
AB  - PGE1, like TSH, can increase cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in calf
      thyroid slices. The intracellular levels of cAMP produced by either of these
      agents alone appeared to correlate well with the degree of kinase activation. PG
      synthesis did not appear to be necessary for TSH action in this system, since
      indomethacin, and inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, did not alter either cAMP
      levels or kinase activity in slices incubated with TSH. Both the cAMP level and
      kinase activity rose when a submaximally effective dose of TSH was added to a
      maximal dose of PGE1. However, neither the cAMP levels nor the kinase activity
      produced by a maximal dose of TSH was affected by the addition of PGE1.

PMID- 164338
TI  - Formation of steroids by the pregnant mare. V. Metabolism of 14C
      isopentenylpyrophosphate and 3H-dehydroisoandrosterone injected into the fetus.
AB  - A mixture of 1-14C-isopentenylpyrophosphate and 3H-dehydroisoandrosterone was
      injected into a horse fetus intramuscularly during laparotomy, after which
      maternal urine was collected for 4 days. Steroid conjugates in the urine were
      extracted with Amberlite XAD-2 resin, hydrolysed and separated into phenolic and
      neutral fractions. From the phenolic fraction estrone, 17alpha-estradiol, equilin
      and equilenin were isolated. Only estrone and 17alpha-estradiol contained both 3H
      and 14C, while the ring B unsaturated estrogens contained only 14C. From the
      neutral fraction 14C-labeled 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one, 5alpha-pregnane
      3beta,20beta-diol and 5alpha-pregnan-3beta, 20alpha-diol were isolated. These
      results demonstrate that the route of biosynthesis of both the ring B saturated
      and unsaturated estrogens is the same up to the stage of
      isopentenylpyrophosphate. Thus, the bifurcation in the classical pathway of
      steroid biosynthesis reported previously by us is occurring at a point after the
      formation of isopentenylpyrophosphate and prior to the formation of squalene.

PMID- 164340
TI  - Effect of ACTH and histamine stress on serum corticosterone and adrenal cyclic
      AMP levels in immature rats.
AB  - Adrenal cAMP and plasma corticosterone levels were determined in pre-weanling
      rats subjected to treatment with either ACTH (50 mU/rat) or histamine
      dihydrochloride (0.2 mg/g body wt). ACTH injection elevated both serum
      corticosterone and adrenal cAMP levels on all days tested. However, the ACTH
      induced elevation of adrenal cAMP and serum corticosterone both diminished
      steadily from day 2 to day 8 and then increased from day 8 to day 16. Histamine
      injection resulted in elevated serum corticosterone levels in a pattern similar
      to that of the corticosterone response to ACTH. However, histamine injection did
      not result in any significant increase in adrenal cAMP from day 2 to day 10. From
      day 12 to day 16 the adrenal cAMP concentration rose steadily in parallel with
      ther serum corticosterone levels. These results indicate: (1) that a functional,
      ACTH-sensitive adenyl cyclase system is present in the adrenal gland of the
      immature rat, (2) that the responsiveness of this system diminishes during the
      first postnatal week before returning to its previous 2-day-old capacity by day
      16, and (3) that during the first few days after birth, histamine stress results
      in elevated serum corticosterone levels without elevating adrenal cAMP levels.

PMID- 164341
TI  - The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial complex in organ culture: effects of metabolic
      inhibitors, biologic and pharmacologic agents.
AB  - Organ cultures of the guinea pig hypothalamo-neurohypophysial complex synthesize
      the octapeptide hormone, vasopressin, a specific product of the neurosecretory
      cells of the supraoptic nucleus. Inhibitors of both protein and RNA synthesis
      (cycloheximide and bromotubercidin respectively) were found to block vasopressin
      biosynthesis. In the presence of bromotubercidin, the apparent half-time of
      decline in the rate of hormone biosynthesis was about 28 h. Colchicine inhibited
      the distal transport of vasopressin into the posterior pituitary. Ultrastructural
      studies on colchicine-treated cultures indicated the neuronal stalks were intact
      and that neurotubules were still present. The narcotic drug, levorphanol at 10-7
      M and 10-9 M was found to inhibit RNA synthesis by 20 percent. At these
      concentrations it had no demonstrable effect on vasopressin synthesis. Cultures
      established from animals that had been rendered tolerant to narcotics also had no
      observable alterations in vasopressin biosynthesis, although the initial
      pituitary vasopressin content of these cultures was reduced by about 35 percent.
      Various pharmacologic and biologic compounds were tested for their effects on
      vasopressin biosynthesis in organ cultures. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, estradiol
      17beta, nicotine, nerve growth factor (NGF), and pineal extract all had no
      effects under the present experimental regimen. Medium conditioned by the
      presence of fetal hypothalami of 40-55 days gestation produced a 2-4 fold
      increase in vasopressin biosynthesis in cultures established from adult animals.
      Medium conditioned by fetal cerebral cortex, liver, or hypothalamic tissue from
      fetuses of less than 33 days gestation did not have this stimulatory effect.

PMID- 164342
TI  - Biochemical comparison of estrogen receptors of the hamster hypothalamus and
      uterus.
AB  - Comparison of the soluble estradiol receptor proteins in the hypothalamus and
      uterus of the golden Syrian hamster revealed that both have sedimentation
      coefficients of 8S in a low ionic strength buffer and migrate similarly on
      analytical disc-gel electrophoresis in both 5% and 7% acrylamide gels. The
      competition of [3H]-17beta-estradiol binding by unlabeled estrogenic as well as
      nonestrogenic compounds was similar with the receptors present in the two
      tissues. The affinity constants for the hypothalamic and uterine receptors were
      4.3 X 10-9M-1 and 1.6 X 10-10M-1, respectively; the number of binding sites when
      expressed on an equivalent protein basis (i.e. 1 mg/ml) was 0.18 X 10-10M and 3.1
      X 10-10M, respectively. Identical amounts of soluble receptors with similar
      sedimentation characteristics were found in hypothalami from male and female
      animals gonadectomized 64 h prior to use. A titration of binding sites in the
      uteri of intact and ovariectomized animals revealed decreased binding in the
      supernatant preparation from intact animals, probably due to the presence of
      bound endogenous unlabeled hormone.

PMID- 164343
TI  - Role of adrenal 5alpha-reductase activity in determining the responsiveness of
      hypophysectomized rats to ACTH.
AB  - Studies were conducted to examine the contribution of adrenal 5alpha-reductase to
      the phenomenon of diminished adrenal "responsiveness" to ACTH after
      hypophysectomy in rats. Rats hypophysectomized for 1 week secreted small amounts
      of corticosterone (B), 5alpha-dihydrocorticosterone (DHB) and 3beta,5alpha
      tetrahydrocorticosterone (R) acutely after ACTH. Adrenal reductase activity in
      vitro at that time was high. After replacement with ACTH for 24 h, B,DBH, and R
      secretion increased slightly. Reductase activity remained high. Treatment with
      ACTH for 2 days further stimulated secretion of DHB  and R but not B. Reductase
      activity was unaffected. Enzyme activity declined at 3 days concomitant with a
      proportionately greater increase in B than DHB and R secretion. Only after 7 days
      of ACTH did B secretion exceed DHB and R output. At that time, reductase activity
      was still lower. The results establish the functional significance of 5alpha
      reductase activity as a regulatory site for the action of ACTH in determining the
      composition of adrenocortical secretory products in hypophysectomized rats.

PMID- 164344
TI  - Insulin, prostaglandin E1, PHENYLISOPROPYLADENOSINE AND NICOTINIC ACID AS
      REGULATORS OF FAT CELL METABOLISM.
AB  - Insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation was enhanced by the addition of N6
      (phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA), prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or nicotinic acid
      during a 1-h incubation of small amounts  5-8 mg/ml) of rat fat cells. Basal
      lipolysis was appreciable if low numbers of fat cells were incubated per ml.
      Insulin inhibited basal lipolysis at 20 to 50 mugU/ml and abolished lipolysis of
      100 mugU/ml was present over a l-h period. However PIA, PGE1 or nicotinic acid
      potentiated glucose oxidation due to the 100 mugU/ml dose of insulin indicating
      that these agents are not increasing glucose oxidation solely as a result of an
      inhibition of lipolysis. PIA, PGE1 and nicotinic acid acted synergistically with
      insulin in stimulating glucose oxidation and inhibiting lipolysis in the presence
      of norepinephrine. Insulin was unable to decrease basal cyclic AMP accumulation
      or the increase in cyclic AMP seen with norepinephrine and theophylline after
      various time periods (2 to 60 min) but PIA, PGE1 and nicotinic acid were able to
      inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation at all times tested.

PMID- 164345
TI  - Cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate levels in separated bone cells.
AB  - It has been shown that both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT)
      increase the concentration of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      in skeletal tissue. Since these two hormones have opposing actions on bone
      resorption, it has been postulated that the cell types upon which the hormones
      act in skeletal tissue may be different. We have previously shown that
      osteoblasts and osteocytes contain adenylate cyclase responsive to both PTH and
      CT whereas the enzyme prepared from periosteum and marrow cells did not respond
      to either. To further examine the postulate, the effect of these hormones on the
      concentration of cyclic AMP was determined. Bovine PTH (5U/ml equal to 4.2 times
      10-7M) significantly increased the concentration of cyclic AMP/mug DNA in
      periosteum, osteoblasts, and osteocytes but not in marrow cells. Porcine CT (0.5
      U/ml equal to 8.0 mug/ml approximately equal to 3.0 times 10-6M) significantly
      increased the concentration of cyclic AMP/mug DNA in periosteum, osteoblasts,
      osteocytes, and marrow cells. Adenylate cyclase activity prepared from periosteum
      and marrow cells was re-examined using EGTA and DMSO to improve enzyme stability
      and activity. Wth these additions PTH  (5 U/70 mul) increased activity of the
      preparation from periosteum, and CT (0.5 U/70 mul) increased activity from marrow
      cells and periosteum. These studies provide evidence that: 1) periosteum,
      osteoblasts, and osteocytes respond directly to both PTH and CT and 2) marrow
      cells respond to CT and not PTH.

PMID- 164346
TI  - Effects of thyroid and ovaries on prolactin binding activity in rat liver.
AB  - 125I-radiolabeled ovine prolactin (oPRL) binding activity was measured in
      microsomal membranes of liver tissue from intact, ovariectomized, ovariectomized
      thyroidectomized, and ovariectomized-thyroidectomized rats injected with
      thyroxine (T4) or estradiol benzoate (EB). Thyroidectomy and ovariectomy each
      reduced PRL binding activity in liver tissue significantly. The combination of
      ovariectomy and thyroidectomy decreased PRL binding activity more than
      thyroidectomy or ovariectomy alone. Doses of 2.5 mug or 10 mug T4/100 g BW daily
      returned PRL binding activity in the thyroidectomized rats to intact control
      values, and in the ovariectomized-thyroidectomized rats to the ovariectomized
      values. A dose of 2 mug EB/rat increased PRL binding activity significantly in
      ovariectomized-thyroidectomized rats, and a combination of 2 mug EB and 2.5 mug
      T4/100E that of intact controls. Scatchard analysis showed that ovariectomy and
      thyroidectomy decreased the number of PRL binding sites in the liver as compared
      to those in intact controls or in ovariectomized-thyroidectomized rats treated
      with EB and T4. It is concluded that the thyroid and ovaries are important
      regulators of PRL binding activity in the liver of the rat.

PMID- 164347
TI  - Soluble and membrane-bound enzyme-active antigens of rat-liver lysosomes.
AB  - Secondary lysosomes were isolated from rat liver and separated into a soluble and
      a membrane fraction. Plasma membranes and microsomes were also isolated and
      antisera against the various fractions were prepared in rabbits. Lysosomal
      content and detergent-solubilized membrane fractions were analysed in two
      dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (crossed immunoelectrophoresis). The
      immunoprecipitates were stained by histochemical procedures for different enzyme
      activities such as phosphatases, non-specific esterase, arylsulphatase,
      glycosidases and L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase. When lysosomal content was tested
      against its corresponding antiserum, 17 different precipitates could be seen.
      Most of the enzyme activities tested were shown to reside separately in one or a
      few precipitates each. In contrast, when the membrane extracts were investigated,
      a more polymorphic pattern of enzyme-active precipitates appeared. Thus, when
      lysosomal membrane extracts were reacted with homologous antiserum 11
      precipitates with acid phosphatase activity were obtained. Several of the
      antigens were electrophoretically different and immunologically non-identical. As
      expected from the biology of secondary lysosomes, many of their antigens were
      also found in microsomes and/or plasma membranes, but several antigens unique for
      lysosomes were detected concomitantly. Closer analysis of these results indicated
      that several seemingly identical enzyme-active proteins occurred both in soluble
      and membrane-associated forms. However, while many of the membrane antigens
      expressed 2-4 different enzyme activities, only one activity was detected in
      individual precipitates of the lysosomal content. Thus, acid phosphatase activity
      was found together with esterase activity in three membrane-associated antigens.
      The precipitates formed by two of these also stained for arylsulphatase and
      nucleoside tri-, di- and monophosphatase activities. L-Leucyl-beta
      naphthylamidase activity was found in one additional acid-phosphatase-active
      precipitate.

PMID- 164348
TI  - Crystalline adenylate kinase from carp muscle.
AB  - 1. The concentration of adenylate kinase in carp muscle is about 0.3 mg/g. An
      improved isolation procedure makes use of a dilute solution of the substrates,
      ATP and AMP, to elute the enzyme from a phosphocellulose column in overall yields
      of 60% before crystallization. By the hexokinase--pH-stat assay the specific
      activity is 3550 units/mg. The preparation has been found to be essentially
      homogeneous by dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis, isoelectrofocusing and gel
      filtration. 2. The molecular weight has been determined to be 22000 by several
      methods. The absorbance of a 1% solution at 280 nm is 6.9 and the isoelectric
      point by electrofocusing is pH 5.9. 3. The crystals of carp adenylate kinase have
      the space group P4-1-22 or P4-3-22. 4. The amino acid composition has been
      determined. There is no tryptophan, no cystine. There is one amino acid residue
      each of cysteine and histidine which are at or close to the catalytic center. 5.
      Several peptides derived by tryptic hydrolysis have been isolated and identified
      with corresponding peptides of porcine adenylate kinase. Consideration is given
      to histidine and cysteine being a part of the active site.

PMID- 164349
TI  - Premature induction of glucokinase in the neonatal rat by thyroid hormone.
AB  - 1. It was shown that the development of liver glucokinase in the rat coincided
      with a peak in the levels of circulating thyroid hormone at about the 16th
      postnatal day. 2. Administration of thyroid inhibitors blocked the development of
      the enzyme and administration of thyroid hormone restored activity to normal
      levels. 3. Glucokinase could be induced prematurely as early as the 2nd postnatal
      day by the administration of thyroid hormone followed by daily injection of
      glucose (10 mg/g body weight). 4. Glucocorticoids and corticotropin failed to
      induce glucokinase activity prematurely. 5. The postnatal increase in circulating
      thyroid hormone levels together with increased intake of carbohydrate at weaning
      may be the normal physiological stimulus for induction of this enzyme.

PMID- 164350
TI  - The hormonal control of activity of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase. Amino
      acid sequences at the two sites of action of adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate
      dependent protein kinase.
AB  - Two tryptic phosphopeptides containing the sites on the alpha and beta subunits
      of phosphorylase kinase which are phosphorylated by protein kinase, dependent on
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), have been isolated and their amino
      acid sequences have been determined. 32P-labelled phosphorylase kinase,
      containing 1.9 mol phosphate per mol enzyme, was digested with an equimolar
      quantity of trypsin for 2.5 min at pH 7.0, 20 degrees C. This treatment released
      nearly all the 32P radioactivity associated with the beta subunit as
      trichloroacetic-acid-soluble material. Only a small proportion of the 32P
      radioactivity associated with the alpha subunit was solubilised, the remainder
      being removed in the trichloroacetic acid pellet. The beta-subunit tryptic
      phosphopeptide was completely resolved from traces of the alpha-subunit
      phosphopeptide by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. Further purification by
      peptide mapping separated the phosphopeptide into four components, each derived
      from the same nine-amino-acid segment of the betachain, which was found to
      possess the sequence: Gln-Ser-Gly-Ser(P)-Val-Ile-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Lys. The four
      components were produced by the partial cyclisation of the N-terminal glutaminyl
      residue, and by the presence of two alleles for the beta subunit in the rabbit
      population, which led to a valine-isoleucine ambiguity. The alpha-subunit
      phosphopeptide was liberated from the trichloroacetic acid pellet by redigestion
      with trypsin. It was the largest component in the digest which remained soluble
      in 5% trichloroacetic acid, and obtained in a highly purified form by a single
      filtration on Sephadex G-50. The peptide comprised 39 amino acids of which nine
      were serine and three were threonine residues. Only one residue, the serine at
      position three from the amino terminus, was phosphorylated. The amino-terminal
      sequence of the peptide was shown to be: Arg-Leu-Ser(P)-Ile-Ser-Thr-Glu-Ser-Glx
      Pro-Asx-Gly. The sequences confirm the stoichiometry of the reaction and the
      absolute specificity of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase for just two of the
      200 serine residues in the enzyme. These results and an inspection of the rate of
      phosphorylation of a number of skeletal muscle proteins, including each enzyme of
      the glycolytic pathway, lead to the conclusion that cyclic-AMP-dependent protein
      kinase is an extremely specific enzyme. The molecular basis of this specificity
      is discussed.

PMID- 164351
TI  - Lipoprotein of the density 1.006-1.020 in the plasma of patients with type III
      hyperlipoproteinaemia in the postabsorptive state.
AB  - Using a rate zonal ultracentrifugal technique in 10 patients with type III
      hyperlipoproteinaemia, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (d less than 1.006,
      S(f) greater than 20), an intermediate lipoprotein density class with a S(f)
      range of 15 - 20 (Lp III), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) (S(f) 6 - 8) could
      be isolated from the plasma. The Lp III was found as a symmetrical peak between
      VLDL and LDL; its plasma concentration was 248 mg/100 ml plasma (mean), 92 - 469
      mg/100 ml plasma (range); the Lp III/LDL ratio was 0.65 (mean), 0.25 - 2.3
      (range); the chemical composition w/w was 35.8 percent total cholesterol, 19.3
      percent triglycerides, 24.3 percent phospholipids, and 20.4 percent protein
      (mean). In agarose gel electrophoresis, the Lp III migrated faster than LDL, but
      slower than VLDL. By means of a double immunodiffusion technique and
      immunoelectrophoresis, apo-Lp B and apo-Lp C were detectable. In an angle head
      rotor at 1.4 x 10-8 g. min. Lp III can be separated from VLDL at a solvent
      density of 1.006, and from LDL at a density of 1.025. In the postabsorptive state
      in one patient with type I hyperlipoproteinaemia, five with type II and 20 with
      type IV, and in 50 healthy persons of both sexes, this Lp III peak was not found.
      The finding of a high concentration of Lp III and a rather low concentration of
      LDL in the plasma of patients with type III hyperlipoproteinaemia can be regarded
      as further evidence for an impaired catabolism of VLDL to LDL at Lp III
      ("intermediate" lipoprotein).

PMID- 164352
TI  - A potent depressant action of adenine derivatives on cerebral cortical neurones.
AB  - Adenosine and several adenine nucleotides depress the excitability of cerebral
      cortical neurones, including identified Betz cells. Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate was a less effective depressant than various other adenine
      nucleotides, including cyclic 2',3'-adenosine monophosphate. Adenine and inosine
      had only weak depressant activity. An initial excitant action of ATP was observed
      on several neurones. This was succeeded by a depressant effect when the
      application of ATP was terminated.

PMID- 164354
TI  - Prematurely condensed chromosomes of dividing and non-dividing cells in aging
      human cell cultures.

PMID- 164353
TI  - Differences in the cytoplasmic distribution of newly synthesized poly (A) in
      serum-stimulated and resting cultures of BALB/c 3T3 cells.

PMID- 164355
TI  - Release of template restriction for DNA synthesis by poly ADP(ribose) polymerase
      during the HeLa cell cycle.

PMID- 164356
TI  - Control by cell interaction of phosphate uptake in 3T3 cells.

PMID- 164357
TI  - Mammalian cell fusion. VI. Regulation of mitosis in binucleate HeLa cells.

PMID- 164358
TI  - Preparation and spread of unfixed metaphase chromosomes for immunofluorescence
      staining of nuclear antigens.

PMID- 164359
TI  - Studies on glucocorticoid-induced cytolysis in cultured mouse lymphoma cells,
      L5178Y. I. Glucocorticoid specificity and cytoplasmic receptors in sensitive and
      resistant cells.

PMID- 164360
TI  - Proceedings: Insulin-binding impairment of plasma membrane receptors in
      heriditary diabetic mice.

PMID- 164361
TI  - Corneal ulceration and the serum antiproteases. II. Complexes of corneal
      collagenases and alpha-macroglobulins.

PMID- 164362
TI  - Turning behavior induced by electrical stimulation of the nigro-neostriatal
      system of the rat.

PMID- 164363
TI  - Surface ultrastructure and cytochemistry of parasitic helminths.

PMID- 164364
TI  - Effect of allicin on certain enzymes of liver after a short term feeding to
      normal rats.

PMID- 164365
TI  - Stimulation of cyclic AMP accuulation in the rat anterior pituitary in vitro by
      analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.

PMID- 164366
TI  - Methyl mercury effect on rat liver mitochondrial deshydrogenases.

PMID- 164367
TI  - Demonstration of methanol dehydrogenase in methanol assimilating yeasts.

PMID- 164368
TI  - The association of enzymaic activities in subfractions of isolated rat liver
      Golgi.

PMID- 164369
TI  - Fever produced in rabbits by N6,O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate.

PMID- 164370
TI  - Influence of dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-AMP on glucose and fat metabolism in normal
      and diabetic rats.

PMID- 164373
TI  - Median cleft face syndrome associated with orbital hypertelorism and
      polysyndactyly.

PMID- 164372
TI  - Inhibition of catecholamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine induced enzyme secretion from
      the guinea-pig submandibular gland by 2-bromo-d-lysergic acid diethylamide.

PMID- 164371
TI  - Low virulence and immunogenicity in mice and in rabbits of variants of Herpes
      simplex virus resistant to 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine.

PMID- 164374
TI  - Identification of apolipoproteins in lipoprotein density classes of
      hypercholesterolemia (type IIa).

PMID- 164375
TI  - Pb-precipitated protein fraction from calf brain containing highly active uridine
      kinase with different molecular properties.

PMID- 164376
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and luteinizing hormone stimulated protein
      kinase from bovine corpus luteum: evidence for activation through separate
      mechanisms.

PMID- 164377
TI  - Effects of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and its dibutyryl derivatives on
      catecholamine synthesis in bovine adrenal medullary slices.

PMID- 164378
TI  - Polynucleotide-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of soluble nucleases from tobacco
      leaves.

PMID- 164379
TI  - Identification of Sendai virus neuraminidase and hemagglutinin subunits.

PMID- 164380
TI  - Observation of a new EPR transient in chloroplasts that may reflect the electron
      donor to photosystem II at room temperature.

PMID- 164381
TI  - The activation of liver glycogen phosphorylase by vasopressin.

PMID- 164383
TI  - Net transfer of phosphatidylinositol from microsomes and mitochondria to
      liposomes catalyzed by the exchange protein from rat liver.

PMID- 164382
TI  - Optical, NMR and EPR properties of horseradish peroxidase and its donor
      complexes.

PMID- 164384
TI  - Inhibition by fusidic acid of an eukaryotic factor-promoted and 40S ribosomal
      subunit-dependent GTP'ase activity.

PMID- 164385
TI  - Sulfhydryl groups, disulfide bridges and the state of copper in three blue
      oxidases.

PMID- 164386
TI  - A re-examination of the amino acid sequence data of cytochromes c from Solanum
      tuberosum (potato) and Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato).

PMID- 164387
TI  - On the mechanism of irreversible pyruvate dehydrogenase inactivation in liver
      mitochondrial extracts.

PMID- 164388
TI  - Occurrence and biosynthesis of ribothymidine in tRNAs of B. subtilis.

PMID- 164389
TI  - The development of mitochondrial iron-sulfur proteins during respiratory
      adaptation of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.

PMID- 164390
TI  - Voltage transients in neuronal dendritic trees.
AB  - An analytical method is outlined for calculating the passive voltage transient at
      each point in an extensively branched neuron model for arbitrary current
      injection at a single branch. The method is based on a convolution formula that
      employs the transient response function, the voltage response to an instantaneous
      pulse of current. For branching that satisfies Rall's equivalent cylinder
      constraint, the response function is determined explicitly. Voltage transients,
      for a brief current injected at a branch terminal, are evaluated at several
      locations to illustrate the attenuation and delay characteristics of passive
      spread. A comparison with the same transient input terminal input, the fraction
      of input charge dissipated by various branches in the neuron model is
      illustrated. These fractions are independent of the input time course. For
      transient synaptic conductance change at a single branch terminal, a numerical
      example demonstrates the nonlinear effect of reduced synaptic driving potential.
      The branch terminal synaptic input is compared with the same synaptic conductance
      input applied to the soma on the basis of excitatory postsynaptic potential
      amplitude at the soma and charge delivered to the soma.

PMID- 164391
TI  - Motoneuron dendrites: role in synaptic integration.
AB  - Dendrites constitute over 80 per cent of the receptive surface area in cat
      motoneurons. Calculations based on matched electrical and gemoetrical
      measurements in these neurons indicate that the specific resistance of dendritic
      membranes in resting motoneurons is at least 2,000 ohm-cm2. When the specific
      membrane resistance is this high, even the most distal dendritic synapses can
      contribute significantly to the depolarization of the soma, and hence influence
      the rate of action potential generation. However, dendritic membrane resistance
      depends strongly on the level of background synaptic activity. The conductance
      changes associated with excitatory synaptic activity on a dendrite can be great
      enough to reduce significantly both the excitatory synaptic driving potential and
      the effective membrane resistance on that dendrite, and thus greatly reduce the
      effectiveness of synapses on the dendrite. Inhibitory synaptic activity produces
      an even greater reduction in dendritic membrane resistance. Thus the relative
      effectiveness of dendritic synapses depends on the type, distribution, and
      intensity of background synaptic activity, as well as on dendritic geometry and
      resting membrane properties.

PMID- 164392
TI  - Tumour cell destruction by macrophages from conventional animals.
AB  - Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from conventional donors displayed in vitro the
      cytotocix effects on the rat sarcoma cell lines LWI3K2, LW13K3, LW13K4 and RSL
      but they were not cytotoxic to fibroblasts derived from normal rats of the same
      strains. PEC were also cytotoxic to human urinary bladder carcinoma cells (T-24)
      grown in vitro. Cytotoxicity was detectable already at the effector to target
      cell ratio of 1 : 1, and the effector cells from syngeneic, allogeneic and
      xenogeneic donors were equally effective. The cytotoxic effect was apparently
      exerted by macrophages because the addition of lymphocytes from PEC donors did
      not change the target cells. The addition of serum from PEC donors to a mixture
      of target and effector cells protected the tumour cells from the destruction by
      macrophages. Cytotoxicity was blocked by serum from all PEC donors tested
      (syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic with regard to the target cells) but not by
      foetal calf serum.

PMID- 164394
TI  - Dentists cautioned about 'new' herpes simplex virus.

PMID- 164393
TI  - Cytomegalic inclusin disease and herpes simplex infections.

PMID- 164395
TI  - The effect of testosterone propionate on the concentration of testicular and
      epididymal androgen binding activity in the hypophysectomised rat.

PMID- 164396
TI  - Characterization of a nuclear receptor for testosterone in seminiferous tubules
      of mature rat testes.

PMID- 164397
TI  - In vivo uptake and metabolism of testosterone by the head appendages of the cock.

PMID- 164398
TI  - Persisting enhanced proinsulin-insulin and protein biosynthesis (3H-leucine
      incorporation) by pancreatic islets of the rat after glucose exposure.
AB  - Pancreatic islets isolated from rats infused with glucose for twenty-four hours
      incorporated 3H-leucine into protein at higher rates than islets isolated from
      normoglycemic rats. Incorporation into proinsulin-insulin showed a thirteenfold
      increase. The effect on other islet proteins was fourfold. Exposure of islets
      from normoglycemic rats to high glucose in vitro for twenty and ninety minutes
      and subsequent incubation with 3H-leucine at low glucose showed a twofold and
      fivefold increase in proinsulin biosynthesis. In the in vitro system pre-exposure
      of the islets to mannose and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP induced a much smaller increase
      in proinsulin biosyntheses.

PMID- 164399
TI  - Pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes in rat intestine after small bowel resection.
AB  - After small bowel resection in the rat, mucosal hyperplasia and an increase in
      nucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation occur in remaining small intestine.
      Male Sprague-Dawley rate underwent resection of 50 cm of proximal or distal
      intestine or sham operation. One month and 6 months after surgery, aspartate
      transcarbamylase, dihydroorotase, and uridine kinase were assayed in whole
      mucosa, and in some instances, in crypt mucosa ffrom the remaining intestinal
      segment. In control bowel, enzyme activity was significantly greater proximal
      compared with distal segments. One month after proximal or distal resection,
      mucosal enzyme activity per cm of gut was greater in the remnant bowel compared
      with controls. There was no such difference at 6 months. Specific enzyme activity
      of whole mucosa did not increase after resection because the assay was influenced
      by the disproportionately large contribution of villous protein. Specific enzyme
      activity (including thymidine kinase) of isolated crypt mucosa was significantly
      increased 1 month after distal resection. In addition, [3H]thymidine uptake into
      DNA of crypt mucosa from proximal remnants was also significantly increased.
      These results indicate that after small bowel resection, the enzymes of
      pryimidine biosynthesis increase in remaining bowel and parallel the accelerated
      rate of cell proliferation.

PMID- 164400
TI  - Effect of fat feeding on complex lipid synthesis in hamster intestine.

PMID- 164401
TI  - Spectrum of liver disease in renal transplant recipients.

PMID- 164402
TI  - Adrenal responses in high and low ACTH response lines of chickens during acute
      heat stress.

PMID- 164403
TI  - Response of camels to intradermal inoculation with smallpox and camelpox viruses.
AB  - Young camels were inoculated intradermally with either camelpox or smallpox virus
      and the courses of infection, including serological response, were compared.
      Camelpox virus was highly infectious; generalized disease resulted which was
      transmitted naturally to contact animals. Smallpox virus produced only transient
      lesions at the inoculation site and a less marked serological response.
      Nevertheless, the camels inoculated with smallpox virus subsequently resisted a
      severe challenge with camelpox virus, and the possibility that limited
      replication of smallpox virus took place is discussed. The differences
      demonstrated between the behavior of the vituses is discussed in the light of
      their otherwise close relationship and the limited information available about
      camelpox infections in man.

PMID- 164404
TI  - Determination of toxin-induced leakage of different-size nucleotides through the
      plasma membrane of human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - Human diploid lung fibroblasts were treated with cytolytic bacterial toxins and
      the nature of the membrane damage was investigated. [3H] uridine was used for
      differential labeling of cytoplasmic components of small or large molecular size.
      Two principal size categories were achieved by labeling the fibroblasts in either
      early growth phase or stationary phase, a high-molecular weight ribonucleic acid
      label and a low-molecular-weight nucleotide label. The size of the labeled
      molecules was determined by perchloric acid precipitation and gel chromatography.
      Leakage of labeled molecules of different size indicated the size of the
      "functional pores" in the plasma membrane caused by the test substance. The
      nonionic detergent Triton X-100 produced large functional pores in the fibroblast
      membrane as evidenced by rapid leakage of both large and small labeled molecules.
      Theta-toxin from Clostridium perfringens and the polyene antibiotic filipin both
      gave rise to considerably small functional pores in the plasma membrane. Although
      small molecules easily passed the treated membrane, large molecules could not
      escape from the cells even after prolonged treatment with these substances or by
      increasing their concentration. By the contrast, the leakage profiles obtained
      with melittin from bee venom or with delta-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus in
      each case suggested the formation initially of pores of intermediate size that
      increased upon prolonged incubation or when higher concentrations were used.

PMID- 164405
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infection in a volunteer blood donor population.
AB  - Among 223 volunteer blood donors who were studied for evidence of cytomegalovirus
      (CMV) infection, 58 percent had complement-fixing antibody and 59 percent had
      indirect hemagglutinating antibody to CMV. No virus was isolated from any donor's
      washed leukocytes or leukocyte-rich plasma in fibroblast monolayer culture. In
      seven asymptomatic donors (3 percent), CMV was recovered from urine cultures
      obtained at the time of blood donation. However, at the time of reexamination,
      viruria was no longer present and serum antibody titers had not changed. In the
      three patients studied who received blood from three of the cytomegaloviruric
      donors, serological evidence of CMV infection developed (fourfold or greater
      indirect hemagglutinating antibody rise), and one recipient also developed
      cytomegaloviruria; no illnesses was associated with these infections. Further
      study is needed to establish that the detection of viruria in donors may identify
      potentially infective blood.

PMID- 164407
TI  - Bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus infection: virus replication in bovine
      embryonic cell cultures and virion separation by rate-zonal centrifugation.
AB  - Replicative sequences of a bovine strain of parainfluenza type 3 virus in bovine
      embryonic kidney and spleen cell cultures were investigated by light and
      fluorescence microscopy and by ultrathin section and negative-contrast electron
      microscopy. Observations from light and fluorescence microscopy showed that
      intracytoplasmic inclusions were detected as small granules surrounding the
      nuclei of more than 90 percent of the cell population by day 2 postinoculation.
      With the increase of postexposure times, these inclusions coalesced into larger
      bodies which occupied large portions of the cell. Ultrastructurally, the first
      sign of virus development was the appearance of aggregates of viral nucleocapsids
      in the vicinity of the nucleus. With the concomitant accumulation of viral
      nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm, the virus maturation was expressed by budding
      processes through the cell membrane into round, oval, or elongated forms.
      Eosinophilic inclusions were demonstrable in many mitotic cells.
      Ultrastructurally, these cells were observed to produce virus particles by a
      process identical to that of resting cells. Virions, prepared from infected
      culture fluid and negatively stained, appeared to be pleomorphic and their
      diameter ranged from 200 to 600 mm. The virions were separated, by rate-zonal
      centrifugation, into two subclasses in a sucrose gradient (15 to 60 percent,
      wt/wt). The slowly sedimenting virions had a density approximately 1.20 gm/cm3
      and an average size of 200 nm in diameter, whereas the faster-sedimenting virions
      had a density of 1.24 gm/cm3 and average diameter of 400 nm.

PMID- 164406
TI  - Lysis of herpesvirus-infected cells by immune spleen cells.
AB  - Spleen cells from herpes simplex-infected mice have been shown to lyse 51Cr
      labeled virus-infected target cells. The cell-mediated lysis was shown to be
      antibody dependent but not involving adherent cells. Lysis of infected cells by
      this mechanism may be one form of host defense in infection by some viruses.

PMID- 164408
TI  - Bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus infection: ultrastructural aspects of viral
      pathogenesis in the bovine respiratory tract.
AB  - After aerosolization of a bovine strain of parainfluenza type 3 virus, the
      pathogenesis of the virus was followed from the trachea to the bronchioalveolar
      compartments of the lung of colostrum-free calves and of conventionally reared
      calves during a 5- to 12-day postexposure interval.  By tissue titration, plaque
      assay, and electron microscopy, it was found that virus infection could be
      established in colostrum-free calves as well as in conventionally reared calves,
      even though sequential changes of virus replication were observed mainly in the
      infected colostrum-free calves during the 5- to 6-day postexposure periods.
      Electron microscopy demonstrations of (i) aggregates of viral nucleocapsids in
      the cytoplasm, (ii) alterations of cilia and basal bodies, (iii) dissolution of
      cytoplasmic membranes, and (iv) the shedding of virus into luminal spaces
      confirmed that epithelial cells of the respiratory tract were the primary target
      cells for the virus replication leading to cell destruction. These observations
      revealed further that productive infection was more efficient in the
      bronchioalveolar regions than in the tracheal regions, although large aggregates
      of viral nucleocapsids and destructive changes were more pronounced in the
      tracheal epithelium. The finding that parainfluenza type 3 virus replicates in
      the alveolar type II cells suggests that changes in surfactant production may
      occur during the peak of infection of these cells. The demonstration of virus
      budding through the basement membrane of small bronchioles and the presence of
      virus particles in the interstitial regions imply that one of the host defense
      lines, the basement membrane, may be impaired by virus invasion.

PMID- 164409
TI  - Comparative studies of Visna and Maedi viruses as antigens.
AB  - Rabbits were immunized with purified visna and maedi viruses, using complete
      Freund adjuvant, in footpad and intramuscular sites. The resulting antisera and
      their isolated immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) classes were evaluated by
      tanned-cell passive hemagglutination (PHA), complement fixation, gel diffusion,
      and virus neutralization tests. Early, intermediate, and late bleedings showed
      increasingly high antibody activities by the PHA, complement fixation, and gel
      diffusion tests. The activities were associated mainly with the IgG class,
      although low, but significant activities were also found in the IgM class, as
      detected by PHA and complement fixation tests. Both antibody classes appeared at
      the same time during the course of immunization. The viruses, when tested against
      specific rabbit anti-visna and anti-maedi sera in gel diffusion tests, showed the
      presence of one to two precipitin lines depending upon the antibody concentration
      of the sera. A low amount of neutralizing activity was demonstrated in late
      bleedings but was not seen in earlier bleedings. The neutralizing activity
      against visna virus in immunized rabbit sera was found to be associated only with
      the IgG class. Visna and maedi viruses appeared to be immunologically identical
      when examined in gel diffusion tests and showed the same degree of inhibition
      when compared in passive hemagglutination inhibition test using antisera made
      specific for each virus.

PMID- 164410
TI  - Lanthanum inhibition of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli enterotoxin-induced
      enterosorption and its effects on intestinal mucosa cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels.
AB  - Several trivalent cations, including lanthanum (La3+), inhibited the secretion
      (enterosorption) induced by the enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia
      coli in the rabbit ileum in vivo. High concentrations (greater than 10 mM) of
      La3+ were required to inhibit cholera enterotoxin (CE)-induced enterosorption,
      probably because of the adsorption of the La3+ often potentiated the CE-induced
      enterosorption. If luminal La3+ exposure followed CE exposure, some recovery of
      the enterosorptive response was observed. The longer the lag between the CE
      exposure and the La3+ exposure, the greater was the recovery of the
      enterosorptive response. Lanthanum inhibited HCO3- secretion more than Cl-
      secretion. By altering the luminal fluid pH at the time of La3+ exposure, it was
      found that La3+ was adsorbed to negatively charged luminal sites, having an
      apparent pK between 2.5 and 3.0. Although La3+ antagonized the enterosorptive
      response to CE, it mimicked rather than antagonized the cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate elevation and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate depression
      induced by the toxin. It is therefore concluded that the La3+ inhibition of the
      CE-induced enterosorption must have occurred at a site following the generation
      of the cyclic nucleotides. Cholera enterotoxin caused complex time-dependent
      changes in the mucosal cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and cyclic guanosine
      3',5'-monophosphate levels, as revealed by studying tissue cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate ratios. The possible roles
      these two cyclic nucleotides may play in the pathogenesis of the cholera diarrhea
      are discussed.

PMID- 164411
TI  - Characterization of enterotoxin purified from Clostridium perfringens type C.
AB  - Enterotoxin produced by a sporulating culture of Clostridium perfringens type C,
      which had been isolated from a case of severe necrotic enteritis, was purified.
      The molecular weight was estimated to be 36,000 by gel chromatography on Sephadex
      G-100 and 33,400 by ultracentrifugation. The sedimentation coefficient S20,W was
      2.92. The toxin protein exhibited unusual behavior on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      gels, and toxin aggregates having molecular weights of 68,000, 85,000, 105,000,
      and 140,000 were obtained. The purified enterotoxin often separated, apparently
      due to slight charge differences, into two protein bands on 7% polyacrylamide
      gels. Electrofocusing of enterotoxin on polyacrylamide gels gave an approximate
      isoelectric point of 4.3, with the enterotoxin being fractionated into four
      distinct protein bands. The specific toxicity of the enterotoxin was about 1,900
      mouse mean lethal doses per mg of calculated nitrogen. The data obtained indicate
      that the enterotoxin from C. perfringens type C is identical in most respects to
      that obtained from type A strains. Whether or not this toxin plays a role in the
      necrotic enteritis caused by type C strains is unknown at present.

PMID- 164412
TI  - Theiler's virus infection in mice: an unusual biphasic disease process leading to
      demyelination.
AB  - An unusual biphasic central nervous system disease developed in 3-week-old Swiss
      outbred mice after intracerebral inoculation of the DA strain of Theiler's murine
      encephalomyelitis virus. Nine to 20 days postinfection 86% of mice became
      paralyzed, and approximately one-half of these animals survived. During this
      period neuronal necrosis and microglial proliferation were seen in thalamus,
      brainstem, and spinal cord. There was an initial phase of virus growth in spinal
      cord followed by persistent infection at a lower concentration. Virus antigen was
      readily found in the cytoplasm of neurons by immunofluorescent staining early in
      the course of infection, whereas after 30 days there was a paucity of cells
      containing virus antigen which were present only in the spinal cord white matter.
      Between 1 and 5 months, an intense mononuclear inflammatory cell lesion evolved
      in the spinal cord leptomeninges and white matter, which coincided with a mild
      gait disturbance in some surviving mice, and patchy demyelination was found in
      areas of inflammation. The acute gray matter pathology would appear to be the
      result of direct virus lytic effect. Although the late white matter lesion
      culminating in demyelination probably represents a cytocidal infection similar to
      the situation that exists in certain picornavirus carrier culture systems, a
      virus-induced immunopathological process merits further study.

PMID- 164413
TI  - In ovo assay for Marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus.
AB  - Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the turkey herpesvirus (HVT) may be assayed on
      the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chicken embryo after intravenous
      inoculation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) or chicken blood leukocytes
      infected with these viruses. Free HVT, MDV associated with Marek's tumor cells,
      and lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from Marek's tumors, may be assayed in the
      same way. The intravenous assay is quicker than the yolk sac assay and somewhat
      more sensitive than in vitro or conventional CAM assay after direct inoculation
      of the CAM. The optimal time for inoculation was day 10 of embryo incubation;
      therafter the log-10 CAM lesions decreased as a negative linear function of
      embryo age at the time of inoculation. The log-10 CAM lesions increased as a
      positive linear function of the time since inoculation. The optimal time for
      counts was day 5 after inoculation. The log-10 CAM lesions was a linear function
      of the log-10 cells in the inoculum; the slope was 1.0. Venous in ovo inoculation
      caused as increase in the weight of the spleen proportional to the number of CAM
      lesions. Repression of the splenomegaly, by prior X irradiation of the embryo,
      did not reduce the number of CAM lesions. Embryols from lines inbred for
      susceptibility to Marek's disease produced more CAM lesions than embryos from
      resistant lines. This difference did not depend on prior exposure of the mothers
      to MDV or HVT.

PMID- 164414
TI  - Mechanism of induction of cell-mediated immunity to virus infections: in vitro
      inhibition of intracellular multiplication of mouse adenovirus by immune spleen
      cells.
AB  - Mice were protected from lethal infection with mouse adenovirus (M-Ad) by
      adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells (ISC) that were prepared from mice
      immunized with M-Ad and not protected by sonicated ISC. However, a similar extent
      of protection was also observed by passive immunization with anti-M-Ad serum. In
      contrast, by in vitro experiments ISC were shown to be able to interrupt
      intracellular multiplication of M-Ad, whereas sonicated ISC, unimmunized mouse
      spleen cells, or anti-M-Ad serum were unable to do so. ISC were inhibitory in
      vitro when added within 12 h postinfection but not when added later. The
      inhibitory activity of ISC was regarded as due to cell killing by ISC, since the
      trypan blue exclusion test showed that above 80% of infected cells were killed by
      ISC even when 5'-fluorodeoxyuridine was added to the cells to block viral
      deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, under which conditions control infected cells,
      to which ISC were not added or normal spleen cells were added, were kept alive at
      least for a few days. Kinetics studies in M-Ad-infected mice showed that the
      inhibitory activity of ISC became highest at 1 to 2 weeks postinfection and faded
      away thereafter in a few weeks, whereas serum antibody titer assayed by passive
      hemagglutination reached its peak level at about 4 weeks postinfection and
      declined gradually therafter.

PMID- 164415
TI  - Effect of silica on virus infections in mice and mouse tissue culture.
AB  - Silica injections of mice have been reported to kill macrophages, thus allowing
      herpes simplex virus (HSV) to spread rapidly and leading to an increased severity
      of HSV infection. Thus, silica presumably could be used to eliminate lactic
      dehydrogenase virus (LDV) (a model for slow viruses), which is known to multiply
      exclusively in macrophages. Contrary to expectation, it was found that the LDV
      titers were increased in silica-injected mice as compared to the titers in
      control mice. Counts of peritoneal cells at different periods after silica
      injection showed that silica-induced macrophage damage in vivo resulted in
      proliferation and migration of macrophages, thus providing additional target
      cells for LDV replication and leading to high LDV titers. In vitro, silica
      ingestion also damaged the macrophages, but since no replacement of cells could
      occur by infiltration, decreased LDV titers were found. Similar findings were
      obtained with HSV. It is suggested that all persistent viruses multiplying in
      macrophages will show a similar recrudescence under comparable conditions.

PMID- 164416
TI  - Detection of cellular hypersensitivity among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to
      6/94 virus; a parainfluenza type 1 isolate from MS brain tissue.
AB  - Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and normal subjects were tested for cellular
      hypersensitivity, using the leukocyte migration inhibition test LMI), to a
      parainfluenza-1-virus (6/94), previously isolated from brain biopsy tissue of an
      MS patient. The response of MS patients as a group was not greater than that of
      normals to 6/94, but a significant increase in the response was observed among
      selected patients in the early active and chronic advanced stages of the disease.
      MS patients, however, did not differ from normal subjects in their cell response
      to Sendai virus, a similar parainfluenza type 1 virion used for comparison.

PMID- 164417
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the cyanogen bromide fragments of lobster
      arginine kinase (homarus vulgaris).
AB  - Arginine kinase was aminoethylated in order to block the five free thiol groups
      on the native enzyme, and then submitted to BrCN cleavage. The BrCN resulting
      peptides were soluble in propionic acid (10 percent) and subsequently submitted
      to gel-filtration. The large polypeptide subfractions were citraconylated and
      resubmitted to differnt gelchromatographies, whereas the short peptide
      subfractions were submitted to preparative paper electrochromatographies. Eight
      peptides of 2, 11, 17, 25, 61, 82, 86 and 132 amino acid residues were isolated,
      one of which is the overlapping of two peptides. The amino acid composition and
      the end group of all the isolated peptides were established. The short peptides
      (2, 11 and 17 residues) were sequenced. All peptides possess homoserine at C
      terminal position because one methionyl residue is situated at the C-terminal
      position in the native protein. The polypeptide with 132 residues possessed N
      acetylated residue at N-terminal position: therefore this polypeptide is located
      at the N-terminal position in the protein. The sum and account of each amino acid
      of the seven isolated peptides were compared to those of the intact protein: the
      sum of the seven peptides is 331 amino acid residues, whereas the whole protein
      contains 342 residues. The molecular weight of arginine kinase is revised and
      calculated on the basis of the present results (37, 687).

PMID- 164418
TI  - Coronary rehabilitration--a comprehensive design.

PMID- 164419
TI  - The use of polymixin B as a urethral lubricant to reduce the post-instrumental
      incidence of bacteriuria in females. An exploratory study.

PMID- 164420
TI  - Partial loss of function of the ulnar nerve resulting from a fracture of the
      medial humeral epicondyle in an adult.

PMID- 164421
TI  - Distribution and excretion of three chemical species of 239Pu(IV) in the beagle.

PMID- 164422
TI  - TLD with terbirum-activated magnesium orthosilicate.

PMID- 164423
TI  - [Tibial head fractures. Discussion and recommendations].

PMID- 164424
TI  - [Treatment of patella fractures. Biomechanics, surgery and after care].

PMID- 164425
TI  - [Treatment and after care of distal femoral fractures].

PMID- 164426
TI  - [Fractures of the patella. Discussion and recommendations].

PMID- 164427
TI  - [Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia-type IIa-using portacaval anastomosis].

PMID- 164428
TI  - [Iatromagic].

PMID- 164429
TI  - [Transmission of autonomic system effects on the visceral muscular apparatus].

PMID- 164430
TI  - Syndactyly in Holstein-Friesian, Hereford, and crossbred Chianina cattle.

PMID- 164431
TI  - Determination of the active portion of the folic acid molecule in cellular slime
      mold chemotaxis.
AB  - From earlier work it is known that folic acid attracts the amoebae of various
      species of cellular slime molds (11). Here we have tested a wide variety of
      pteridines, pyrimidines, and pyrazines to determine what part of the folic acid
      molecule is chemotactically active. It was shown that the activity lies in the
      pteridine ring itself. Furthermore, the cell-free supernatants of slime mold
      amoebae contain an enzyme that renders pterin and folic acid chemotactically
      inactive, which apparently increases the chemotactic sensitivity of the amoebae
      to those compounds. Despite the fact that slime mold amoebae secrete small
      amounts of folic acid-related compounds, there is no evidence that folates are
      acrasins; rather it is postulated that attraction to folates may be a food
      seeking device for the amoebae which prey on folate-secreting bacteria in the
      soil.

PMID- 164432
TI  - Kynureninase-Type enzymes of Penicillum roqueforti, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus
      stolonifer, and Pseudomonas fluorescens: further evidence for distinct
      kynureninase and hydroxykynureninase activities.
AB  - The kynureninase-type enzymes of three fungi and one bacterium were isolated and
      examined kinetically for their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of L-kynurenine
      and L-3-hydroxykynurenine. The phycomycete Rhizopus stolonifer was found to
      contain a single, constitutive enzyme with Km for L-3-hydroxykynurenine and L
      kynurenine of 6.67 times 10-minus 6 and 2.5 times 10-minus 4 M, respectively. The
      ascomycetes Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roqueforti each contain an enzyme,
      induced by L-tryptophan, with similar Km for L-3-hydroxykynurenine and L
      kynurenine ranging from 5.9 times 10-minus 5 to 14.3 times 10-minus 5 M, as well
      as a constitutive enzyme with Km for the two substrates of similar to 4 times 10
      minus 6 M and 10-minus 4 M. The bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens has a single,
      inducible enzyme with Km for L-3-hydroxykynurenine and L-kynurenine of 5 times 10
      minus 4 and 7 times 10-minus 5 M. In addition, significant differences in maximal
      velocities (Vmax) were observed in two cases. The Vmax of the inducible activity
      from P. fluorescens was 4.5 times greater for L-kynurenine than L-3
      hydroxykynurenine, whereas the Vmax of the constitutive activity from R.
      stolonifer was 2.5 times greater for L-3-hydroxykynurenine. It is concluded (i)
      that the constitutive activities are hydroxykynureninases involved in the
      biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from L-tryptophan, (ii) that
      the inducible activities are kynureninases involved in the catabolism of L
      tryptophan to anthranilate, and (iii) that R. stolonifer and P. fluorescens,
      respectively, carry the most specific examples of each type of enzyme.

PMID- 164434
TI  - Intergration of the receptor for bacteriophage lambda in the outer membrane of
      Escherichia coli: coupling with cell division.
AB  - Induction of the synthesis of the receptor for phage lambda is obtained by adding
      maltose and adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate to glucose grown cells of
      Escherichia coli. Bacteria induced for a short period of time were infected with
      a high multiplicity of phage lambda , and examined under the electron microscope.
      Only a fraction of the bacteria were seen to have adsorbed a large number of
      phage particles. The majority of such bacteria had a constriction indicating
      formation of a septum, and, in this case, the density of adsorbed particles was
      highest in the vicinity of the constriction. When found on bacteria showing no
      sign of septum formation, the adsorbed particles were asymmetrically distributed,
      one pole of the bacteria being more heavily covered with phage particles than the
      other. Such asymetrically covered bacteria are believed to have originated from
      cells which divided during the induction period. The results suggest that the
      receptor for phage lambda, a protein of the outer membrane, is integrated in the
      cell envelope during the last quarter of each generation and that the integration
      process is initiated in the vicinity of the forming septum.

PMID- 164433
TI  - Amino acid transport in membrane vesicles of obligately anaerobic Veillonella
      alcalescens.
AB  - Membrane vesicles of Veillonella alcalescens, grown in the presence of L-lactate
      and KNO-3, actively transport amino acids under anaerobic conditions in the
      presence of several electron donors and the electron acceptor nitrate. The
      highest initial rates of uptake are obtained with L-lactate, followed by reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, glycerol-1-phosphate, formate, and L-malate..
      The membrane vesicles contain the dehydrogenases for these electron donors, and
      these enzymes are coupled with nitrate reductase. In membrane vesicles from
      cells, grown in the presence of nitrate, the dehydrogenases are not coupled with
      fumarate reducatase, and anaerobic transport of amino acids does not occur with
      fumarate as electron acceptor. Under aerobic conditions none of the physiological
      electron donors can energize transport. However, a high rate of uptake is
      observed with the electron donor system ascorbate-phenazine metho-sulfate. This
      electron donor system also effectively energizes transport under
      anaerobicconditions in the presence of the electron acceptor nitrate.

PMID- 164435
TI  - Deletion of the Escherichia coli crp gene.
AB  - Spontaneous crp mutants Escherichia coli were selected from a strain that does
      not require 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate for CAP activity. Several
      deletions of the crp gene were characterized. The crp gene was not essential for
      growth of E. coli. crp mutations reduced the donor ability of Hfr strains.

PMID- 164437
TI  - Effects of adenosine deaminase on cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation,
      lipolysis, and glucose metabolism of fat cells.
AB  - In fat cells isolated from the parametrial adipose tissue of rats, the addition
      of purified adenosine deaminase increased lipolysis and cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation. Adenosine deaminase markedly potentiated
      cyclic AMP accumulation due to norepinephrine. The increase in cyclic AMP due to
      adenosine deaminase was as rapid as that of theophylline with near maximal
      effects seen after only a 20-sec incubation. The increases in cyclic AMP due to
      crystalline adenosine deaminase from intestinal mucosa were seen at
      concentrations as low as 0.05 mug per ml. Further purification of the crystalline
      enzyme preparation by Sephadex G-100 chromatography increased both adenosine
      deaminase activity and cyclic AMP accumulation by fat cells. The effects of
      adenosine deaminase on fat cell metabolism were reversed by the addition of low
      concentrations of N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine, an analog of adenosine which is
      not deaminated. The effects of adenosine deaminase on cyclic AMP accumulation
      were blocked by coformycin which is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme. These
      findings suggest that deamination of adenosine is responsible for the observed
      effects of adenosine deaminase preparations. Protein kinase activity of fat cell
      homogenates was unaffected by adenosine or N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine.
      Norepinephrine-activated adenylate cyclase activity of fat cell ghosts was not
      inhibited by N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine. Adenosine deaminase did not alter
      basal or norepinephrine-activated adenylate cyclase activity. Cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase activity of fat cell ghosts was also unaffected by adenosine
      deaminase. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation were little affected by
      adenosine deaminase. However, the addition of adenosine deaminase to fat cells
      incubated with 1.5 muM norepinephrine abolished the antilipolytic action of
      insulin and markedly reduced the increase in glucose oxidation due to insulin.
      These effects were reversed by N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine. Phenylisopropyl
      adenosine did not affect insulin action during a 1-hour incubation. If fat cells
      were incubated for 2 hours with phenylisopropyl adenosine prior to the addition
      of insulin for 1 hour there was a marked potentiation of insulin action. The
      potentiation of insulin action by prior incubation with phenylisopropyl adenosine
      was not unique as prostaglandin E1, and nicotinic acid had similar effects.

PMID- 164436
TI  - Demonstation that thymine dimers are excised as oligonucleotides from
      specifically incised ultraviolet-irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - The average size of the dimer-containing acid-soluble oligonucleotides after
      incubation of specifically incised DNA with two dimer excising nuclease
      activities has been determined to be about 8 nucleotides.

PMID- 164439
TI  - Hudrolysis of butyryl derivatives of adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate by
      Chinese hamster ovary cell extracts and characterization fo the products.

PMID- 164438
TI  - Possible role of adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase in the
      morphological transformation of Chinese hamster ovary cells mediated by N6,O2
      dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3':5"-monophosphate.
AB  - We have demonstrated that in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, N6,O2'-dibutyryl
      adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) has a remarkable
      morphogenetic effect in converting cells of a compact, epithelial-like morphology
      into a spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like form. Homogenates of CHO cells were found
      to contain two adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.c) activities, which differ in apparent Km with
      respect to their substrate, cyclic AMP. These were designated cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase I, with a low Km of 2 to 5 muM and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase
      II, with a high Km of 1 to 3 mM. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase I was competitively
      inhibited by N6-monobutyryl and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, with apparent Ki values of
      40 to 60 muM and 0.25 to 0.35 mM, respectively. Experimental evidence
      demonstrates that the effect of exogenous dibutyryl cyclic AMP on cell morphology
      is a result of an increase in the endogenous level of cyclic AMP. This increase
      appears to be due largely to the inhibitory action of intracellular N6
      monobutyryl cyclic AMP on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase I, which results in a
      decreased rate of degradation of intracellular cyclic AMP.

PMID- 164440
TI  - Surface carbohydrates of hamster fibroblasts. I. Chemical characterization of
      surface-labeled glycosphingolipids and aspecific ceramide tetrasaccharide for
      transformants.
AB  - 1. Neutral glycosphingolipids of hamster fibroblast NIL cells have been
      characterized as follows: glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide (betaGall yields
      4Glc yields Cer), a digalactosylceramide (alphaGall yields 4betaGal yields Cer),
      a trihexosylceramide (alphaGall yields 4betaGall yields 4Glc yields Cer), two
      kinds of ceramide tetrasaccharides (A: alphaGa1NAcl yields 3betaGalNAcl yields
      3alphaGall yields 4betaGall yields 1Cer, a new type of Forssman active
      glycolipid; B: globoside, betaGalNAcl yields 3alphaGall yields 4betaGall yields
      4betaGlc yields Cer), and a ceramide pentasaccharide having a classical structure
      for Forssman antigen (alphaGalNAcl yields 3betaGalNAcl yields 3alphaGall yields
      4betaGall yields 4Glc yields Cer). 2. Neutral glycosphingolipids of polyoma virus
      transformed NIL cells (NILpy) have been characterized as having an additional
      ceramide tetrasaccharide which was absent in normal NIL cells. The structure of
      this specific glycolipid was identified as lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide (betaGall
      yields 4betaGlc-NAcl yields 3betaGall yields 4Glc yields Cer). Chemical
      quantities of ceramide tetra- and pentasaccharides in NILpy cells were much lower
      than in NIL cells. 3. All of these glycolipids, except glucosylceramide and
      lactosylceramide, were labeled externally by galactose oxidase and tritiated
      borohydride according to the method previously described (GAHMBERG, C. G, and
      HAKOMORI, S. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 4311-4317). The specific activities of
      the label in glycolipid of NIHpy cells were much greater than that in NIL cells,
      i.e. reactivity of glycolipids with galactose oxidase in NIHpy cells was much
      higher than for NIL cells. The surface label in glycolipids was cell cycle
      dependent in NIL cells, and a remarkable exposure of a galactosyl residue of a
      ceramide tetrasaccharide was demonstrated only on the surface of NILpy cells, due
      to the presence of lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide.

PMID- 164441
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and thyroid hormones.
AB  - Evidence is presented that modulation of the maximum velocity of a particulate
      low K-m cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) phosphodiesterase by
      thyroid hormones is one mechanism for the regulation of the responsiveness of rat
      epididymal adipocytes to lipolytic agents such as epinephrine and glucagon. Fat
      cells of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroid rats are unresponsive to lipolytic
      agents and the V-max of particulate low K-m cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase of these
      cells is elevated above normal. In vivo treatment of hypothyroid rats with
      triiodothyronine restores to control values both the lipolytic response of the
      fat cells to epinephrine and the V-max of the particulate bound low K-m cyclic
      AMP phosphodiesterase. No similar correlation is found with the soluble high K-m
      cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. The phosphodiesterases of fat cells from normal and
      hypothyroid rats respond identically in vitro to propylthiouracil,
      triiodothyronine, methylisobutylxanthine, or theophylline, although the
      particulate low K-m cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase is inhibited to a greater extent
      than soluble cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity.
      Protein kinase of fat cells from hypothyroid rats can be stimulated by cyclic AMP
      to the same total activity as observed in fat cells of normal rats. However, less
      of the protein kinase in fat cells from hypothyroid rats was in the cyclic AMP
      independent form. This shift in the equilibrium of protein kinase forms is
      consistent with an increased activity of low K-m cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and
      probably results from a lowering of the lipolytically significant pool of cyclic
      AMP.

PMID- 164442
TI  - Sequence position of 3-hydroxyproline in basement membrane collagen. Isolation of
      glycyl-3-hydroxyprolyl-4-hydroxyproline from swine kidney.
AB  - The position of 3-hydroxyproline was investigated in the triplet sequences of
      peptides released by collagenase digestion of a collagen preparation from kidney
      cortex. Composition of the collagen preparation indicated that it was largely or
      wholly of basement membrane origin. 3-Hydroxyproline was detected in only one
      sequence, the tripeptide, glycyl-3-hydroxyprolyl-4-hydroxyproline, which
      accounted for a major fraction of the total 3-hydroxyproline obtained in the
      peptides released by collagenase. Preliminary data, based on sequencing the
      peptide mixture released by collagenase treatment, suggested that, in contrast, 4
      hydroxyproline occurs predominantly if not exclusively in the Y position of Gly-X
      Y triplet sequences in the collagen preparation studied.

PMID- 164443
TI  - Maturation pathway for Novikoff ascites hepatoma 5.8 S ribosomal ribonucleic
      acid. Evidence for its presence in 32 S nuclear ribonucleic acid.
AB  - Evidence that 32 S nRNA contains 5.8 S rRNA was provided by studies on specific
      oligonucleotide sequences of these RNA species. Purified 32P-labeled 5.8 and 28 S
      rRNA and 32 S RNA were digested with T-1 ribonuclease, and the products were
      fractionated according to chain length by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 at
      neutral pH. The oligonucleotides in Peak 8 were treated with alkaline phosphatase
      and the products were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis on cellulose
      acetate at pH 3.5 and DEAE-paper in 7% formic acid. Seven unique oligonucleotide
      markers for 5.8 S rRNA including the methylated octanucleotide A-A-U-U-Gm-G-A-Gp
      were present in 32 S RNA but were not found in 28 S rRNA, indicating that 5.8 S
      rRNA is directly derived from the 32 S nucleolar precursor. These studies confirm
      a maturation pathway for rRNA species in which 32 S nucleolar RNA is a precursor
      of 5.8 S rRNA as well as 28 S rRNA.

PMID- 164444
TI  - Bovine serum albumin. Study of the fatty acid and steroid binding sites using
      spin-labeled lipids.
AB  - Three spin-labeled derivatives of stearic acid and two derivatives of palmitic
      acid have been used to study the structure of the strong fatty acid binding site
      of bovine serum albumin. The steroid and indole binding sites have been studied
      using spin-labeled derivatives of androstol and indole, respectively.
      Paramagnetic resonance and fluorescence quenching data suggest that the fatty
      acid, steroid, and indole binding sites may be identical. The mobility of the
      nitroxyl group at C-8 of palmitic acid bound to albumin at a 1:1 molar ratio is
      unaffected when the carboxyl group is esterified. When the nitroxyl group is
      located at C-5 on this acid its motion is detectably increased by esterification
      of the carboxyl group but the magnitude of this change is small. This result
      suggests that the carboxyl group may play a minor role in the binding of fatty
      acids to the strongest fatty acid binding site of albumin. When stearic acid
      derivatives bearing the nitroxide at C-5, C-12, and C-16 are bound to albumin at
      a ligand to albumin ratio of 1, the order of mobility at 0-30 degrees is C-16
      greater than C-12 congruent to C-5. Although motion at the methyl terminus is
      always greater than at the COOH terminus in the range 0-60 degrees, a simple
      monotonic increase in chain motion between the two termini is not observed.
      Arrhenius plots of the motion parameters for these bound fatty acids show two
      abrupt changes in slope. The temperature ranges for these changes are 15-23
      degrees and 38-45 degrees. These results suggest that when one mole of spin
      labeled fatty acid is bound to albumin, the protein undergoes a conformational
      change in each of these temperature ranges.

PMID- 164445
TI  - Exploitation of hormone-induced conformational changes to label selectively a
      component of rat liver plasma membranes.
AB  - The kinetics for inactivation of rat liver plasma membrane adenylate cyclase by
      iodoacetic acid and iodoacetamide has been measured in the presence and absence
      of glucagon. Glucagon stimulated the rate of iodoacetic acid inhibition by a
      factor 9f 2.3-fold and iodoacetamide inhibition by 10-fold. These results suggest
      that interaction of glucagon with its receptor in the membrane resulted in
      conformational changes which increased either the exposure or nucleophilicity of
      one or more sulfhydryl groups crucial for adenylate cyclase activity. Membranes
      were treated with radioactively labeled iodoacetamide or iodoacetic acid in the
      presence or absence of glucagon and run on 5 and 7.5% sodium dodecylsulfate
      polyacrylamide gels. These labeling experiments revealed that two membrane
      components were more extensively labeled in the presence of glucagon. The first
      component had an apparent molecular weight of 240,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      gels and stained positive with Coomassie blue and periodate Schiff reagent. This
      polypeptide accounted for approximately 1.3% of the total membrane protein. The
      second component had an apparent molecular weight less than 10,000 and could not
      be correlated directly with a well defined protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels. The enhancement in labeling of the 240,000 molecular weight
      component seen in the presence of glucagon agreed very well with that predicted
      from the kinetics for inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in the presence
      and absence of glucagon. This correlation suggests that the component selectively
      labeled by this technique may be an integral component of the adenylate cyclase
      system and that hormone-induced conformational changes may be used to selectively
      label components of the adenylate cyclase system in mammalian membranes.

PMID- 164446
TI  - Purification and properties of a soluble nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked
      isocitrate dehydrogenase from Crithidia fasciculata.
AB  - A soluble NAD+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase has been isolated from Crithidia
      fasciculata. The enzyme was purified 128-fold, almost to homogeneity, and was
      highly specific for NAD+ as the coenzyme. There is also a cytoplasmic NADP+
      linked and a mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase in the organism. Studies of
      the physical and kinetic properties of the soluble NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase
      from this organism showed that it resembled microbial NADP+-isocitrate
      dehydrogenases in general, all of which are cytoplasmic enzymes. The enzyme
      appeared not to be related to other NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenases, which are
      found in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. The molecular weight of the
      soluble NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase was 105,000 which is within the range of
      the values for microbial NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenases. Similar to the NADP+
      isocitrate dehydrogenase in this organism, the enzyme was inhibited in a
      concerted manner by glyoxalate plus oxalacetate. Kinetic analysis revealed that
      Mn2+ was involved in the binding of isocitrate to the enzyme. Inhibition of the
      NAD+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase by p-chloromercuribenzoate could be
      prevented by prior incubation of the enzyme with both Mn2+ and isocitrate;
      however, neither ion alone conferred protection. Free isocitrate, free Mn2+, and
      the Mn2+-isocitrate complex could all bind to the enzyme. Four different
      mechanisms with respect to the binding of isocitrate to the enzyme were tested.
      Of these, the formation of the active enzyme-Mn2+-isocitrate complex from (a) the
      random binding of Mn2+, isocitrate, and the Mn2+-isocitrate complex, or (b) the
      binding of Mn2+-isocitrate with free Mn2+ and isocitrate acting as dead-end
      competitors were both in agreement with these data.

PMID- 164447
TI  - The compatibility of netropsin and actinomycin binding to natural
      deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - The simultaneous binding of netropsin and actinomycin to four natural DNAs was
      studied to determine the influence of one ligand on the binding of the other.
      Actinomycin binds specifically to GC sites, whereas netropsin binds specifically
      to AT sites. Spectral titrations, thermal denaturation, and analytical buoyant
      density centrifugation were employed to measure the binding interference of these
      drugs. The binding of actinomycin to DNA was decreased by the presence of
      netropsin. Increasing the GC content of the DNA resulted in a decreased effect of
      netropsin on actinomycin binding. Quantitative analysis of the binding parameters
      indicated that netropsin and actinomycin can bind in close proximity along the
      DNA chain. Supercoiled DNA gave the same result as linear DNA. These results
      imply that DNA can absorb alterations in conformation within a short distance.

PMID- 164448
TI  - Effect of Ricinus communis toxin on cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      metabolism in Yoshida ascites sarcoma cells.
AB  - Prostaglandin E1 (2.5 mug/ml) enhanced the level of cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) three to four times in Yoshida ascites sarcoma (YS)
      cells cultured in vitro. When Ricinus communis toxin (RC-toxin) was added 30 min
      after the addition of prostaglandin E1, the enhanced level of cyclic AMP in the
      YS cells decreased rapidly. Of RC-toxin, 0.2 mug/ml was enough to produce the
      maximum effect. By addition of 5 mM lactose with RC-toxin, approximately 60% of
      the RC-toxin effect on the levels of cyclic AMP was abolished. This indicates
      that the specific binding of RC-toxin on the surface membrane is largely
      responsible for the observed decrease of the cyclic AMP level. The toxin
      treatment did not induce either leakage of cyclic AMP from the cell or change in
      the activity of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. However, the treatment of YS cells
      with RC-toxin caused a decrease of adenylate cyclase activity when the activity
      was measured at a substrate concentration of 0.15 mM ATP. In contrast, there was
      little difference with the control when the activity was assayed at a higher ATP
      concentration, 0.24 mM. It was found that the K-m of adenylate cyclase for ATP
      was changed by RC-toxin from 0.1 to 0.25 mM, and that the Mg2+ activation of the
      enzyme observable in untreated cells disappeared. These results suggested that
      the decrease in the level of cyclic AMP in YS cells induced by RC-toxin can be
      explained in terms of the change in K-m of the adenylate cyclase activity.

PMID- 164449
TI  - The primary structure of human plasma high density apolipoprotein glutamine I
      (ApoA-I). I. The amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide fragment II.
AB  - Apolipoprotein glutamine I (apoLP-Gln-I or apoA-I) is one of the major protein
      constituents of human plasma high density lipoproteins. The protein has 245 amino
      acid residues, including 3 residues of methionine, and is lacking isoleucine,
      cystine, and cysteine. Cleavage of apoLP-Gln-I with cyanogen bromide yields four
      fragments, designated in their order of elution from Bio-Gel P-30 as CNBr I, II,
      III, and IV. In the present study, we report the complete amino acid sequence of
      the NH2-terminal fragment, CNBr II, a peptide that contains 90 amino acid
      residues.

PMID- 164450
TI  - The primary structure of human plasma high density apolipoprotein glutamine I
      (ApoA-I). II. The amino acid sequence and alignment of cyanogen bromide fragments
      IV, III, and I.
AB  - Apolipoprotein glutamine I (apoLP-Gln-I or apoA-I) is the major protein
      constituent of the human plasma high density lipoproteins. Cleavage of this
      protein with cyanogen bromide yields four fragments, designated in the order of
      elution from Bio-Gel P-30 as CNBr I, II, III, and IV. In the first paper in this
      series, the amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal fragment, CNBr II, is
      reported. In the present study, CNBr IV, III, and I, containing, respectively,
      25, 36, and 94 amino acids were sequenced by conventional means. To establish the
      alignment of the cyanogen bromide fragments, apoLP-Gln-I was digested with
      trypsin and two of the three methionine-containing tryptic peptides were
      isolated. The amino acid sequence of apoLP-Gln-I is as follows: (see article).
      With the complete amino acid sequence available, a CPK space-filling model of
      apoLP-Gln-I was constructed. The protein was placed into an alpha helical
      conformation wherever the primary structure permitted. Thirteen helical regions
      were identified. These regions account for 70% of the amino acid residues of the
      protein. Each helix is characterized as having two faces (amphipathic). One is a
      polar face that occupies approximately 180 degrees of the surface of the helix
      and the other is a hydrophobic face that occupies the other 180 degrees of the
      helical surface. Similar amphipathic helices have been identified previously in
      the other lipoprotein-proteins that have known sequences. It is suggested that
      the amphipathic helical regions of apoLP-Gln-I are important in the binding of
      phospholipids in high density lipoproteins.

PMID- 164451
TI  - Effects of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and related agents on ribonucleic acid
      synthesis and morphological differentiation in mouse neuroblastoma cells in
      culture.
AB  - A variety of compounds were assessed for their ability to induce morphological
      differentiation and to affect the synthesis of RNA in uncloned mouse
      neuroblastoma cells in culture. The stimulation of morphological differentiation
      in uncloned cells after exposure for 48 hours to concentrations of 3 times 10-7
      to 3 times 10-4 M papavarine or 10-9 to 10-3 M dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (dibutyryl-cAMP) was associated, in part, with a concentration
      dependent decrease in incorporation of [5-3H]uridine into ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
      and heterogeneous RNA (HnRNA). The latter effect on cellular RNA produced by
      papavarine occurred within 1 hour after its addition to the medium and was
      associated with impaired uptake of radioactive precursor into uridine nucleotides
      and reduction in the intracellular concentration of uridine 5'-triphosphate
      (UTP). Dibutytyl-cAMP produced a decreased in the specific radioactivity of UTP
      without affecting the concentration of UTP in the tumor cells. The effects of
      papavarine and dibutyryl-cAMP could be distinguished further by the 50% reduction
      of acetylcholinesterase activity produced by papavarine, but not by dibutyryl
      cAMP. Papavarine did not, however, reduce the cellular level of the soluble
      enzyme, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Sodium butyrate, while producing
      morphological effects similar to those of papavarine and dibutyryl-cAMP at
      equimolar concentrations, caused no significant changes in the incorporation of
      [5-3H]uridine into rRNA and HnRNA; however, acetylcholinesterase activity was
      stimulated 6- to 7-fold above control levels. In contrast to the other
      differentiating agents examined, addition of 10-9 to 3 times 10-4 M
      concentrations of cAMP to the tissue culture medium enhanced morphological
      differentiation of nueroblastoma cells, and caused a 10- to 20-fold stimulation
      of the incorporation of [5-3H]uridine into rRNA and HnRNA at concentrations of 10
      4 M and higher. This effect observed only at high concentrations of cyclic
      nucleotide was accompanied by an elevation in the specific acitivty of UTP, These
      studies suggest that the morphological response of neuroblastoma cells is not
      necessarily associated with concomitant alterations in the synthesis of RNA with
      agents other than cAMP. Observed changes in incorporation of [5-3H]uridine into
      RNA appear in most instances to be due to alterations in the uptake of uridine,
      and in the pool size and specific radioactivity of UTP.

PMID- 164453
TI  - Superoxide dismutases from a blue-green alga, Plectonema boryanum.
AB  - Iron-containing and manganese-containing superoxide dismutases were found in
      Plectonema boryanum. The Mn-enzyme occupies about 10% of total activity. The Fe
      enzyme was purified to near homogeneity. It contains 2 atoms of iron per mol. Its
      molecular weight is 41,700 and it is composed of two subunits of identical
      molecular weight without disulfide linkage. Amino acid composition is presented.
      Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum revealed that iron occurs in a high spin
      ferric form and in some anisotropic environment. The absorption spectrum and the
      absence of acid-labile enzymes are insensitive to cyanide. Although the Fe-enzyme
      is sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, the Mn-enzyme is not.

PMID- 164452
TI  - The hormonal control of gluconeogenesis by regulation of mitochondrial pyruvate
      carboxylation in isolated rat liver cells.
AB  - The possibility that hormones control hepatic gluconeogenesis via the regulation
      of the rate of mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylation was investigated with the use
      of suspensions of liver cells isolated from fasted rats. The mitochondria
      prepared from liver cells were judged in good condition as they exhibited
      satisfactory phosphorus-oxygen and respiratory control ratios and transported
      Ca2+ and K+ ions in an energy-dependent manner. Addition of glucagon,
      epinephrine, or cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate to liver cells caused a 50
      to 80% increase in the rate of glucose synthesis from lactate. When mitochondria
      were isolated from the cells after treatment with these agonists, they displayed
      2- to 3-fold increases in the rate of pyruvate carboxylation, pyruvate
      decarboxylation, and pyruvate uptake. These mitochondrial changes are similar to
      those obtained in hepatic mitochondria prepared from intact, hormone-treated
      rats. The mitochondrial responses were specific for agents that stimulated
      gluconeogenesis; no response occurred with 5'-AMP or cyclic adenosine 2':3'
      monophosphate. In the cell suspensions, the dose response curves for the
      activation of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism and for increased glucose
      synthesis from L-lactate were coincident with four different agonists. The
      mitochondrial changes resulting from stimulation with glucagon developed in 1 to
      2 min after the rise in cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and occurred at
      least as early as the increase in the rate of gluconeogenesis. When the
      intracellular level of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate returned to basal
      values, the rates of mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylation and glucose synthesis
      also declined to control levels. It is concluded that the rate of mitochondrial
      pyruvate metabolisms can be increased by hormones and cyclic nucleotides and that
      control of mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylation is an important regulatory site
      of hepatic gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 164454
TI  - The ultraviolet endonuclease of bacteriophage T4. Further characterization.
AB  - The T4 ultraviolet endonuclease was previously shown to produce strand incisions
      (nicks) in ultraviolet-irradiated DNA on the 5' side of thymine dimers. The
      present studies demonstrate that the purified endonuclease creates 3'-OH and 5'-P
      termini at the sites of nicking. Photoreactivation of ultraviolet-sensitive
      sites, thereby demonstrating directly endonucleause has a molecular weight of
      approximately 18,000 and attacks ultraviolet-irradiated single-stranded
      Escherichia coli and M-13 DNA.

PMID- 164455
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in lung. Mechanism of specific glucocorticoid uptake by
      fetal rabbit lung nuclei.
AB  - After exposure of fetal rabbit lungs to glucocorticoid in vivo or in vitro, the
      hormone binds to specific receptors localized in the cytoplasm and in the nuclei.
      The present studies are compatible with a mechanism by which the nuclear receptor
      originates from the cytoplasm and arises from a hormone-, temperature-, and ionic
      strength-dependent transfer of the cytoplasmic receptor into the nucleus. This
      conclusion is reached from the following observations. Specific binding of
      glucocorticoid to nuclei from lungs not previously exposed to the hormone is not
      observed unless the cytosol is also present. In the presence of cytosol, nuclear
      uptake of the hormone is very slow at 0 degrees but is highly enhanced with
      increasing temperature. Concomitantly with the increased nuclear uptake there is
      an equiivalent loss of glucocortoid-receptor complex from the cytosol, indicating
      that the complex is transferred to the nuclei by a temperature-dependent process.
      Although the nuclei do not bind the cytoplasmic complex at 0 degrees, they do so
      provided that the cytosol is briefly heated in the presence of hormone prior to
      mixing with the nuclei. Thus the cytoplasmic complex must first be activated
      before it can bind to nuclei..

PMID- 164456
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in lung. Comparison between nonactivated and activated
      forms of the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid binding protein and their relationship to
      the nuclear binding protein of fetal rabbit lung.
AB  - In the absence of salt the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor of fetal rabbit
      lung sediments at 7 S while the nuclear receptor sediments at 4 S. However, if
      nuclear extracts are mixed with receptor-depleted cytosol preparations in dilute
      buffer solutions without added salt, the nuclear 4 S receptor sediments as a 7 S
      species similar to that observed for the cytoplasmic form under the same
      conditions suggesting an interaction of the nuclear receptor with other cytosol
      proteins rather than with itself. In addition, both cytoplasmic and nuclear
      receptors sediment at 4 S in 0.4 M KCl and a major fraction of the nuclear
      receptor has an agarose elution profile identical to that of the cytoplasmic
      receptor. Thus a major fraction of the nuclear receptors is indistinguishable
      from the cytoplasmic receptors by the methods used. Since the cytoplasmic
      receptor sediments at 4 S in 0.15 M KCl, it is suggested that in vivo the
      glucocorticoid receptor may exist as a 4 S species and that the 7 S form
      described previously may result from an interaction of the 4 S component with
      other cytosol proteins in hypotonic media. About 25% of the receptor present in
      nuclear extracts has an agarose elution profile different from that of the
      cytoplasmic receptor in 0.4 M KCl. This suggests that either the nuclear receptor
      associates with itself or other nuclear proteins or that more than one form of
      nuclear receptor exists. Earlier observations suggested that in the absence of
      hormone the glucocorticoid receptor is localized exclusively in the cytoplasm of
      lung cells and that the nuclear receptor is formed by a transfer of the
      cytoplasmic steroid-receptor complex into the nucleus. A prerequisite for this
      transfer seems to be a modification of the receptor to an active form which can
      bind to nuclei. This receptor transfomration, referred to in this paper as
      activation of the receptor, can occur in the absence of nuclei and is highly
      dependent on temperature and ionic strength. Cytoplasmic receptors activated
      either by heating or by exposure to high ionic strength are indistinguishable
      from nonactivated receptors by sucrose density gradient analysis or by agarose
      gel filtration in solutions containing 0.4 M KCl. Simiarly, no significant
      difference in the absence of salt is observed after activation by heating. These
      results suggest that activation of the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor
      involves conformational changes which favor its transfer and/or binding to
      nuclear sites rather than conversion of a 4 S species to a faster-sedimenting
      form by dimerization or by addition of another protein unit as has been proposed
      for the activation of the estrogen receptor of the rat uterus.

PMID- 164457
TI  - Catabolism of photo-oxidized and desialylated hemopexin in the rabbit.
AB  - Following injection of rabbit 125I-asialohemopexin, more than 90% of the protein
      bound 125I was removed from the circulation of rabbits within 12 min. The amount
      of asialoprotein in the catabolic compartment reached a peak concentration (75 to
      85%) 12 min after injection and was completely eliminated from this compartment
      within 2 hours. The degradation products were excreted into the urine, with 50 to
      70% of the 125I eliminated during the first 24 hours and 90 to 95% excreted by 48
      hours. Analysis of these data indicated an apparent first order rate constant for
      uptake of asialohemopexin of 0.32 min-1, for catabolism of 0.020 min-1 and for
      excretion of 0.054 to 0.093 hour-1. The plasma distribution curves of 125I
      hemopexin, after the first 24 hours, showed essentially no difference. Both
      proteins were catabolized with an average T1/2 of 25 to 26 hours and a similar
      fractional catabolic rate. Simultaneous injection of heme and 125I-hemopexin
      resulted in rapid removal and catabolism of the protein. In contrast, injection
      of heme had little if any effect on the plasma radioactivity curve of
      photoinactivated 125I-hemopexin.

PMID- 164458
TI  - Selective retention and formation of a delta5-androstenediol-receptor complex in
      cell nuclei of the rat vagina.
AB  - Cellular protein binding of a number of androstene and androstane derivatives
      that promote the growth of the vagina in rats has been studied. It was found that
      cell nuclei of the rat vagina contain a tissue-specific protein that binds
      3beta,17beta-dihydroxy-androst-5-ene (delta5-androstenediol), a unique steroid
      causing growth and keratinization of the vaginal epithelium. The formation of the
      steroid-protein complex can be demonstrated by the administration of delta5
      [3H]androstenediol to ovariectomized rats or by the incubation of minced vagina
      with the radioactive steroid. The steroid can interact with purified vaginal cell
      nuclei even in the absence of a cytosol preparation, forming the same steroid
      protein complex. The formation of the complex is temperature-dependent; it occurs
      much more readily at 37 degrees than at 0 degrees. The delta5-[3H]androstenediol
      protein complex migrated as about 4 S in a sucrose gradient medium containing 0.4
      M KCl. A similar complex can be detected when nuclei of vaginal cells are
      incubated with 3alpha,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androstane, 3beta,17beta-dihydroxy
      5alpha-androstane, and 3beta-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one which also have the
      capability of stimulating vaginal epithelium, although in somewhat different
      ways. These steroids may bind to different groups of chromatin-bound receptor
      proteins in various layers of vaginal epithelium. The delta5-androstenediol
      binding protein is not found in the vaginal cytosol fraction that contains
      receptor proteins for estrogens and progestins, nor in the cytosol or nuclei of
      rat uterus cells, but not in muscle, brain, kidney, or liver. Testosterone and
      5alpha-dihydrostestosterone bind weakly to the protein, whereas cortisol,
      androstenedione, 17beta-estradiol, and progesterone do not bind to the same
      protein by any significant extent.

PMID- 164459
TI  - Guanosine monophosphate synthetase from Escherichia coli B-96. Inhibition by
      nucleosides.
AB  - The mechanism of inhibition of GMP synthetase by purine and purine-analog
      nucleosides was investigated. It was found that in addition to allowing the
      nucleoside to bind to the enzyme (Udaka, S., and Moyed, H. S. (1963) J. Biol.
      Chem. 238, 2797)PPi was also a competitive inhibitor with respect to ATP. A rate
      equation was derived to describe this inhibitory model for two competitive
      inhibitors where the binding of one inhibitor is contingent upon the binding of
      the other. The inhibition constants for a large number of nucleosides were then
      determined. It was found that the initial enzyme-inhibitor complex (of all
      nucleoside inhibitors) was slowly (0.2 min-1) transformed into a secondary
      (nondissociating) complex. The two inhibitory complexes appeared to exist in
      equilibrium. While decoyenine, N6-allyladenosine, and adenosine had similar
      inhibition constants for the initial complex (0.7 to 1.0 muM), their apparent
      inhibition constants for the secondary complex were 0.004, 0.06, and 0.5 muM
      respectively. These differences in the apparent dissociation constants from the
      secondary complexes are due to different equilibria between the initial and the
      secondary complexes. The ratios of the secondary complex to the initial complex
      at equilibrium were 3,250, 290, and 11 for decovenine, N6-allyladenosine, and
      adenosine, respectively.

PMID- 164460
TI  - Intracellular localization of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzme A cycle
      enzymes in liver. Separate cytoplasmic and mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A generating systems for cholesterogenesis and
      ketogenesis.
AB  - Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme synthase which
      comprise the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-generating system(s) for hepatic
      cholesterogenesis and ketogenesis exhibit dual mitochondrial and cytoplasmic
      localization. Twenty to forty per cent of the thiolase and synthase of avian and
      rat liver are localized in the cytoplasmic compartment, the remainder residing in
      the mitochondria. In contrast, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, an enzyme
      unique to the "3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA cycle" of ketogenesis, appears to
      be localized in the mitochondrion. The small proportion, 4 to 8 percent, of this
      enzyme found in the cytoplasmic fraction appears to arise via leakage from the
      mitochondria during cell fractionation in that its properties, pI and stability,
      are identical to those of the mitochondrial lyase. These results are consistent
      with the view that ketogenesis which involves all three enzymes, acetoacetyl-CoA
      thiolase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      CoA lyase, occurs exclusively in the mitochondrion, whereas cholesterogenesis, a
      pathway which involves only the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthesizing
      enzymes, is restricted to the cytoplasm. Further fractionation of isolated
      mitochondria from chicken and rat liver showed that all three of the 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-CoA cycle enzymes are soluble and are localized within the matrix
      compartment of the mitochondrion. Likewise, cytoplasmic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase
      and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase are soluble cytosolic enzymes, no
      thiolase or synthase activity being detectable in the microsomal fraction.
      Chicken liver mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity
      consists of a single enzymic species with a pI of 7.2, whereas the cytoplasmic
      activity is composed of at least two species with pI values of 4.8 and 6.7. Thus
      it is evident that the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic species are molecularly
      distinct as has been shown to be the case for the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic
      acetoacetyl-CoA thiolases from avian liver (Clinkenbeard, K. D., Sugiyama, T.,
      Moss, J., Reed, W. D., and Lane, M. D. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 2275).
      Substantial mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase activity is
      present in all tissues surveyed, while only liver and kidney possess significant
      mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity. Therefore, it is
      proposed that tissues other than liver and kidney are unable to generate
      acetoacetate because they lack the mitochondrial synthase.

PMID- 164461
TI  - Vasopressin-sensitive kidney adenylate cyclase. Structural requirements for
      attachment to the receptor and enzyme activation: studies with vasopressin
      analogues.
AB  - Several vasopressin analogues were tested on pig kidney membranes for their
      ability to activate adenylate cyclase and to inhibit the binding of [8
      lysine]vasopressin. Both the adenylate cyclase activation and hormonal binding
      were measured on the same enzyme preparation and under identical were measured on
      the same enzyme preparation and under identical experimental conditions. A
      preincubation period in the presence of hormone allowed the binding process to
      reach equilibrium. Peptide concentrations causing half-maximal adenylate cyclase
      activation (apparent Km) were, in the order of decreasing affinity:2.5 to 7.0 to
      7.0 times 10-10 M [8-lysine] vasopressin, 3.1 to 4.0 times 10-9 M [8-arginine]
      vasopressin, 2.0 to 3.0 times 10-9 M [I,6-alpha-deaminocystathionine, 8
      ornithine]vasopressin, 3.1 times 10-7 M des-9-glycineamide[8-lysine]vasopressin,
      0.5 to 1.0 times 10-6 M[1,6-alpha-deaminocystathionine, 2-0-tert...

PMID- 164462
TI  - Analysis of the requirements for parathyroid hormone action in renal membranes
      with the use of inhibiting analogues.
AB  - Two synthetic analogues of bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) with NH2-terminal
      modifications, PTH-(3-34) and [desamino-Ala-1]PTH-(1-34), were found to lack
      agonist activity but to demonstrate antagonist properties when tested in the rat
      renal cortical adenylyl cyclase assay in vitro against the native hormone or
      against PTH-(1-34), the active synthetic NH2-terminal tetratriacontapeptide. The
      inhibition exhibited by these analogues was proportional in degree to the dose of
      inhibitor, abolished by oxidation of the analogue, reversible by addition of an
      excess of active hormone, and specific for parathyroid hormone-stimulated renal
      adenylyl cyclase. No inhibition of basal or sodium fluoride-stimulated renal
      adenylyl cyclase could be demonstrated. Two other synthetic bovine analogues, PTH
      (13-34) and PTH-(1-26), were devoid of agonist and antagonist properties. The
      over-all results suggest that the requirements for receptor binding of
      parathyroid hormone are rather broad. Conformational factors or binding
      interactions involving specific residues, or both seem to require the entire
      sequence from residue 3 to residue 27 for receptor binding to occur. A dichotomy
      between receptor binding and adenylyl cyclase activation was demonstrated only by
      alterations or deletions involving the first 2 NH2-terminal residues of the
      hormone and emphasizes the importance of these residues in eliciting the
      biological activity of parathyroid hormone. The two antagonists, [desamino-Ala
      1]PTH-(1-34) and PTH-(3-34), should be useful in further analysis of the initial
      steps in hormone action.

PMID- 164463
TI  - Temperature sensitivity of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-binding proteins
      and the regulation of growth and differentiation in neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - The apparent association constant (K-a) of cAMP to the binding proteins from
      resistant and nonresistant cells was 7.4 times 10-7 M-1 and 8.2 times 10-7 M-1,
      respectively, and the specific activity of cAMP BINDING TO THESE PROTEINS WAS
      SIMILAR FOR BOTH TYPES OF CELLS.

PMID- 164464
TI  - The nucleotide sequences of the two glutamine transfer ribonucleic acids from
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of the two glutamine tRNA species in Escherichia coli
      K12 have been determined. Sufficient data was obtained to order unambiguously the
      products of complete RNase digestion of tRNA2Gln, and all but one oligonucleotide
      from tRNA1Gln. The sequence of tRNA1Gln was established by analogy with tRNA1Gln,
      as the two tRNAs are very similar, differing by only 7 residues out of 75.
      tRNA1Gln has the anticodon NUG, where N is a modified nucleotide which is likely
      to be a derivative of 2-thiouridine, and is specific for the codon CAA. tRNA1Gln
      has the anticodon CUG, and is specific for the codon CAG (Folk, W. R., and Yaniv,
      M. (1972) Nature 237, 165). The complete sequences of the tRNAGln species are:
      See journal for formula (Unique residues are enclosed in parentheses, with the
      residue in tRNA1Gln above that in tRNA2Gln.).

PMID- 164465
TI  - The reversibility of skeletal muscle pyruvate kinase and an assessment of its
      capacity to support glyconeogenesis.
AB  - The kinetics of pyruvate phosphorylation by rabbit skeletal muscle pyruvate
      kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) has been studied with a coupled assay using P-enolpyruvate
      carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37). The reaction
      sequence is (See journal for formula). Although the equilibrium of the pyruvate
      kinase reaction by itself strongly favors pyruvate production, the over-all
      equilibrium of this coupled system favors the depletion of pyruvate, thus greatly
      reducing the problem of back reaction during the assay. In addition, the
      oxidation of NADH by malate dehydrogenase makes it possible to monitor the system
      with a spectrophotometer. The Michaelis constant of pyruvate kinase was found to
      be 0.9 mM for ATP and 7 mM for pyruvate, values that agree reasonably well with
      earlier studies using direct assays. However, the maximum velocity is about 6
      mumol of pyruvate phosphorylated/min/mg of enzyme, which is very much faster than
      that indicated by earlier studies. These results suggest that the metabolic
      significance of the reverse reaction of muscle pyruvate kinase may have been
      underestimated. In particular, the data given here suggest that its rate in vivo
      is probably comparable to the observed rate of glycogen synthesis from lactate,
      making possible glyconeogenesis in muscle by pyruvate kinase reversal without the
      need for an enzymatic bypass of the kind employed by liver and kidney.

PMID- 164466
TI  - Deinduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (guanosine triphosphate)
      synthesis in Reuber H-35 cells.
AB  - The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in Reuber H-35 cells was
      decreased after the removal of 6-N,2-O-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) from the medium. The decrease in activity was shown
      immunochemically to be the result of a rapid cessation in specific enzyme
      synthesis, occurring with a half-time of 40 min. The removal of dexamethasone, a
      less potent inducer of the enzyme in these cells, did not effect the activity of
      P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase or its rate of synthesis. Insulin added to either
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP or dexamethasone-treated cells produced a decline in
      specific enzyme synthesis which was not as rapid as that observed upon removal of
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP. This effect of insulin did not require the presence of
      glucose in the culture medium. Estimates of the half-life of the mRNA for P
      enolpyruvate carboxykinase using actinomycin D and cordycepin suggested that
      after the inhibition of transcription of mRNA, enzyme synthesis continued for
      periods considerably longer than that observed after deinduction caused by
      removal of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. In addition, the synthesis of the enzyme could
      be restimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the absence of RNA synthesis. It was
      proposed that the deinduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in these cells
      is being regulated at the post-transcriptional or translational level.

PMID- 164468
TI  - Time course of insulin-receptor binding and insulin-induced lipogenesis in
      isolated rat fat cells.
AB  - 1. Isolated rat fat cells were incubated at 37 degrees with [U-14C]-glucose 0.55
      mM and 125I-labeled insulin. The amount of receptor-bound 125I-labeled insulin
      and the rate of insulin-induced 14C-lipid synthesis were assessed during
      association and dissociation of 125I-labeled insulin. 2. The rate of 14C-lipid
      synthesis was constant from zero time in the absence of insulin and in the
      presence of insulin in a high concentration (0.7 muM). With insulin in a low
      concentration (56 pM) the insulin-induced rate of 14C-lipid synthesis was
      proportional to the receptor occupancy; the receptor binding reached equilibrium
      and the rate of 14C-lipid synthesis reached a constant value after 30 to 45 min.
      With insulin in a concentration of 0.7 nM the rate of 14C-lipid synthesis reached
      a steady state before equilibrium of the receptor binding was obtained. 3. Ater
      preincubation with 56 pM 125I-labeled insulin followed by removal of
      extracellular insulin the decrease in the rate of insulin induced 14C-lipid
      synthesis followed the decrease in receptor occupancy with a half-time of about
      10 min. After preincubation with insulin in concentrations of 0.28, 0.56, and 1.4
      nM a maximum rate of 14C-lipid synthesis was maintained for about 8, 15, and 30
      min, respectively. 4. The following model is suggested. Binding of insulin to the
      previously described receptors with a dissociation constant of about 3 nM
      (Gammeltoft, S., and Gliemann, J. (1973) Biochim. Biophys Acta 320, 16-32)
      represents the first step in the action of insulin on lipid synthesis from
      glucose. The receptor occupancy is rate-determining at low concentrations of
      insulin, i.e. when the occupancy is small (about 2 percent or less). At higher
      insulin concentrations some other step becomes rate-determining and the higher
      occupancy at equilibrium therefore causes no further increase in the steady state
      lipogenesis. However, a high receptor occupancy causes a prolonged maintenance of
      a maximal (or near-maximal) effect after removal of insulin from the medium.

PMID- 164467
TI  - Glucocorticoid-receptor interaction and induction of murine mammary tumor virus.
AB  - The relationship between the cellular uptake of glucocorticoid hormones, the
      binding of these hormones to specific in vitro receptors, and the induction of
      mouse mammary tumor viruses in an established mouse mammary tumor cell line was
      highly correlated. These results suggest that the induction of mouse mammary
      tumor virus by glucocorticoid hormones is a physiological process acting through
      a mechanism of high affinity, saturable steroid-receptors. A temperature
      sensitive or salt-dependent step following glucocorticoid-receptor interaction
      was required for nuclear uptake of the steroid. Induction studies with different
      adrenocorticoids indicate that the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (1,4
      pregnadiene-9-fluor-16alpha-methyl-11beta,17alpha,21-triol-3,20-dione), is the
      most potent inducer of mouse mammary tumor viruses and all steroids which caused
      significant induction were glucocorticoids. Other glucocorticoids appear to
      stimulate murine mammary tumor virus production by a mechanism similar to that of
      dexamethasone; for example, corticosterone competes with dexamethasone for
      binding to the glucocorticoid receptor and blocks the uptake of dexamethasone
      into cells. Progesterone also blocks the cellular uptake of dexamethasone and can
      bind to the glucocorticoid receptor at low concentrations (10-7 to 10-8 M) but
      progesterone does not consistently induce virus at hormone concentrations even as
      high as 10-4 M. Thus, in this system, binding to a cytoplasmic receptor is
      necessary but not sufficient for induction by glucocorticoids. Estrogens and
      androgens interfere with receptor binding and cellular uptake of dexamethasone
      but only at much higher concentration (10-4 M) than progesterone, and do not
      induce mammary tumor virus production. Although there was a positive correlation
      between steroid structure, binding, and biologic induction, other factors clearly
      affect the physiological manifestations of steroid actions. Mouse cells with
      comparable cytoplasmic receptor levels and comparable nuclear uptake differed
      absolutely in their degree of murine mammary tumor virus induction following
      hormone treatment. Although all mouse cells examined contain comparable levels of
      murine mammary tumor virus DNA, only cells producing constitutive levels of
      murine mammary tumor virus RNA could be induced to higher levels by a variety of
      glucocorticoids.

PMID- 164469
TI  - Multiple inhibitory and activating effects of nucleotides and magnesium on
      adrenal adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase in particulate fractions from rat adrenal glands is subject to
      regulation by purine nucleotides, particularly guanine nucleotides. While GTP
      activates the enzyme, this effect is not evident in all particulate fractions.
      Following dialysis of the refractory fractions activation by GTP is observed, an
      indication that endogenous nucleotides may obscure the effects of added GTP. The
      analog, guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p gives considerable more activity
      than does GTP. GDP, on the other hand, is inhibitory, an effect revealed only in
      the absence of a nucleotide-regenerating solution. GDP blocks the action of both
      GTP and Gpp(NH)p. These results show that the gamma-phosphate of the nucleotide
      is required for but need not be metabolized in the activation process. At low
      substrate concentration (0.1 mM ATP or adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate) stimulation
      of the enzyme by ACTH occurs only in the presence of added guanine nucleotide
      (GTP or Gpp(NH)p); the hormone and nucleotide act synergistically. While both GTP
      and Gpp(NH)p inhibit fluoride-stimulated activity, the level of fluoride required
      to demonstrate such inhibition appears not to be related to the level of fluoride
      required for activation of the enzyme. In the presence of GTP, or GTP plus ACTH,
      the enzyme exhibits normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to substrate
      utilization (K-m equal to 0.16 mM). In the activated state, produced with ACTH
      plus GTP, the enzyme is less susceptible to inhibition by a species of ATP
      uncomplexed with Mg2+, but is more susceptible to inhibition by Mg2+. These
      results demonstrate that fundamental differences exist between different states
      of the adenylate cyclase. The difficulties in describing kinetically the
      regulation of adenylate cyclase systems in view of the multiple actions of
      nucleotides and magnesium are discussed.

PMID- 164470
TI  - A primer ribonucleic acid for initiation of in vitro Rous sarcarcoma virus
      deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of an RNA primer molecule for initiation of Rous sarcoma
      virus DNA synthesis in vitro has been determined. The sequence can be drawn in a
      cloverleaf structure typical of tRNAs with an anticodon for tryptophan.
      Aminoacylation of the molecule confirms that it is tRNA-Trp. The same sequence
      and aminoacylation results are obtained regardless of whether the RNA is isolated
      from virions or from cells of chickens, the natural host for this virus. It is
      the only species of tRNA-Trp that is dectected in chicked cell tRNA.

PMID- 164471
TI  - Tuberculoma of the ulnar nerve.

PMID- 164472
TI  - Cyclic AMP, membrane transport and cell division. I. Effects of various chemicals
      on cyclic AMP levels and rate of transport of neucleosides, hypoxanthine and
      deoxyglucose in several lines of cultured cells.
AB  - Nutrient transport rates and cyclic AMP levels have been implicated in the
      regulation of cell proliferation. In the present study, however, changes in
      intracellular cyclic AMP level in several lines of cultured cells (normal 3T3 and
      SV40 and polyomavirus-transformed 3T3 cells; 3T6, C6 GLIOMA, MOUSE L, and
      Novikoff rat hepatoma cells) by treatment with papaverine, prostaglandine E1 or
      isoproterenol did not correlate with the inhibition of the uridine, hypoxanthine
      or deoxyglucose transport rates by these chemicals. Transport inhibitions by
      above chemicals or Persantin or Cytochalasin B occurred in most cell lines in the
      absence of any measurable change in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration.
      Furthermore, treatment of several cell lines with 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP had
      no immediate effect on the transport of uridine, thymidine or deoxyglucose,
      although the transport capacity of the cells for uridine and thymidine, but not
      that for deoxyglucose, decreased progressively with time of treatment. We also
      observed that the uridine  transport system of all cell lines derived from 3T3
      cells and the hypoxanthine transport system of L cells exhibited high degrees of
      resistance to inhibition by the various chemicals. On the other hand,
      deoxyglucose transport was inhibited to about the same extent by these chemicals
      in all the cell lines investigated.

PMID- 164473
TI  - Neoplastic differentiation: interaction of simian virus 40 and polyoma virus with
      murine teratocarcinoma cells in vitro.
AB  - The host-virus interactions of Simian virus 40 (SV40) and polyoma virus (Py) with
      cell lines established from a teratocarcinoma were studied. The cells utilized in
      this study were the multipotential stem cell of the teratocarcinoma, embryonal
      carcinoma, and differentiated cells derived from embryonal carcinoma. Several
      lines of differentiated cells were established in vitro which included parietal
      yolk sac, epithelial, and spindle cell types. Embryonal carcinoma cells are not
      susceptible to infection by either SV40 or Py virus. However, differentiated
      cells are susceptible to infection by these viruses. The differentiated cells are
      permissive for Py virus replication and nonpermissive for SV40. Several
      continuously growing cell lines have been established from the SV40 infected
      cultures which express T antigen in 100% of the cells. The results indicate that
      undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells and their differentiated progeny
      respond quite differently to challenge with these two oncogenic DNA viruses.

PMID- 164474
TI  - The effect of insulin on basal and hormone-induced elevations of cyclic AMP
      content in cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - Studies were carried out on confluent cultures of human fibroblasts to explore
      the effect of insulin on basal and hormone-induced elevations of intracellular
      cyclic AMP content during short-term incubations in serum-free medium. Insulin
      tended to decrease basal levels of cyclic AMP but this was not statistically
      significant. Similarly, insulin was unable to block the elevations of
      intracellular cyclic AMP content induced by PGE1, epinephrine and glucagon.
      Paradoxically, when cells were preincubated with insulin, PGE1-stimulated cyclic
      AMP elevation was potentiated, possibly because insulin was conserving factors
      needed for a maximal PGE1 stimulus or retarding the leakage of cAMP itself. The
      results indicate that insulin has little or no direct effect on cyclic AMP
      metabolism in cultured human fibroblasts and is consistent with the known
      insensitivity of these cells to insulin for other parameters.

PMID- 164475
TI  - Requirement of bromodeoxyuridine for the maintenance of "transformed"
      characteristics in bromodeoxyuridine dependent cells.
AB  - A bromodeoxyuridine(BUdr) dependent cell line, called B4, Which requires BUdr not
      only for optimal growth but also for the maintenance of the non-contact inhibited
      state was described previously. We have now shown that contact inhibition in the
      B4 cells in the absence of BUdr is associated with a marked decrease in the
      percent of cells synthesizing DNA. The transition to the contact inhibited state
      in the absence of BUdr does not seem to be due to changes in cyclic AMP levels.
      It has also been shown that several but not all of the characteristics which
      distinguish transformed from untransformed cells also distinguish B4 cells grown
      in the presence of BUdr from B4 cells grown in the absence of BUdr. In addition
      to being contact inhibited, B4 cells grown in the absence of BUdr have a higher
      serum requirement, grow less well in soft agar, and are less agglutinable by
      wheat germ agglutinin than B4 cells grown in the presence of BUdr.
      Agglutinability by concanavalin A, however, is the same for B4 cells grown in the
      presence and absence of BUdr. Dependent cells maintained in the presence of BUdr
      do not form tumors and it is not yet clear how the transformed characteristics of
      the dependent cells are related to malignancy.

PMID- 164476
TI  - Acetylcholine-induced initiation of thymic lymphoblast DNA synthesis and
      proliferation.
AB  - Low (5 times 10-9 M to 10-7 M) acetylcholine concentrations cause a calcium
      independent stimulation of the initiation of DNA synthesis and proliferation of
      lymphoblasts which are part of rat thymocyte populations suspended in vitro. A
      much higher (5 times 10-5 M) acetylcholine concentration also stimulates
      lymphoblast DNA synthesis and proliferation, but this action is calcium
      dependent. This proliferogenic response to acetylcholine is however not clearly
      mediated by either cyclic GMP or cyclic AMP.

PMID- 164477
TI  - Genetic and hormonal control of male sexual differentiation.
AB  - Phenotypic sexual differentiation during embryogenesis is a complex process
      involving the action of at least 18 genes. These genes regulate gonadal
      differentiation, gonadal hormone formation, and in the male the cellular action
      of three necessary hormones, namely mullerian regression factor, testosterone,
      and dihydrotestosterone. Analysis of two of the mutations affecting sexual
      development is consistent with the thesis that the two androgens testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone have separate and specific roles in virilization of the male
      urogenital tract, testosterone stimulating wolffian duct development and
      dihydrotestosterone mediating development of the urogenital sinus and external
      genitalia. In the disorder familial incomplete male pseudohermphroditism, type 2,
      deficient dihydrotestosterone formation is associated with a selective failure of
      virilization of the urogenital sinus and external genitalia, whereas the wolffian
      duct derivatives develop normally. On the other hand, in the testicular
      feminization syndrome there is a complete failure in the development of the male
      phenotype, indicating that the primary defect involves an abnormality in some
      biochemical step that is common to the action of both androgens. Evidence from
      studies in the submandibular gland of the mouse with testicular feminization
      suggest that the fundamental defect lies in the translocation and/or nuclear
      binding of the cytoplasmic androgen receptor. It remains to be proven whether
      these events in the postnatal, sexually dimorphic submandibular gland of the
      testicular feminization mouse reflect prenatal events occurring in the urogenital
      tissues during embryogenesis.

PMID- 164478
TI  - Regulation of sterol synthesis in cultured cells by oxygenated derivatives of
      cholesterol.
AB  - Sterol synthesis in liver in vivo is regulated at the site of the reaction
      catalyzed by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase through a feedback system
      thought to involve either cholesterol or one or more of the products of its
      metabolism. Cholesterol feeding results in repression of the synthesis of the
      enzyme, but inactivation of the enzyme seems to precede repressroblasts is not
      inhibited by purified exogenous cholesterol. However, derivatives of cholesterol
      produced by the introduction of a ketone or hydroxyl function in the 7, 20, 22 or
      25 positions effectively inhibit sterol synthesis by specifically depressing the
      level of HMG CoA reductase activity. As a result of this specific effect
      prolonged incubation of an inhibitory sterol with growing L cells results in
      depletion of cellular sterol. Growth of the culture then ceases and the cells die
      unless an appropriate sterol or a sterol precursor is supplied in the medium. The
      inhibitory sterols, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol appear to be
      taken up by L cells through processes that involve their specific interactions
      with saturable cellular receptors. The uptake of cholesterol by L cells appears
      to be by a different process--possibly through physical diffusion.

PMID- 164480
TI  - Phosphorylation of non-histone proteins in the regulation of chromosome structure
      and function.
AB  - Non-histone chromosomal proteins are phosphorylated and dephosphorylated within
      the intact nucleus by two independent sets of reactions, a protein kinase
      reaction which transfers the terminal phosphate group of a variety of nucleoside
      and deoxynucleoside triphosphates to serine and threonine residues in the
      proteins, and a phosphatase reaction which cleaves these phosphoserine and
      phosphothreonine bonds and releases inorganic phosphate. Several lines of
      evidence are consistent with the hypothesis that the phosphorylation and
      dephosphorylation of these proteins is involved in gene control mechanisms,
      including the findings that phosphorylated non-histone proteins are highly
      heterogeneous and their phosphorylation patterns are tissue specific, changes in
      their phosphorylation correlate with changes in chromatin structure and gene
      acticity, addition of phosphorylated non-histone proteins increases RNA synthesis
      in vitro. and phosphorylated non-histone proteins bind specifically to DNA.
      Cyclic AMP has both stimulatory and inhibitory properties on non-histone protein
      phosphorylation, depending on the enzyme fraction and substrate employed A
      specific protein component whose phosphorylation is inhibited by cyclic AMP has
      been found to be associated with RNA polymerase. The cyclic AMP-induced decrease
      in the phosphorylation of this protein correlates with an enhancement of RNA
      synthesis in vitro. These results suggest that both phosphorylation and
      dephosphorylation of chromatin-associated proteins may be involved in the control
      of gene readout.

PMID- 164479
TI  - Use of mutant fibroblasts in the analysis of the regulation of cholesterol
      metabolism in human cells.
AB  - Analysis of mutant human fibroblasts deficient in a cell surface receptor for low
      density lipoproteins (LDL) has led to the delineation of an important, hitherto
      unrecognized, regulatory process for cholesterol metabolism. On normal cells,
      binding of LDL to this receptor regulates cholesterol metabolism by two
      mechanisms: (a) suppression of cholesterol synthesis and (b) facilitation of the
      rate of proteolytic degradation of the lipoprotein. In cells from homozygotes
      with the autosomal dominant disorder Familial Hypercholesterolemia, a nearly
      total reduction in LDL receptors results in two secondary abnormalities: (a)
      overproduction of cholesterol due to an inability of LDL to suppress the activity
      of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-controlling enzyme
      in cholesterol biosynthesis, and (b) impairment in the rate of proteolytic
      degradation of LDL. Cells from heterozygotes possess about 50 per cent of the
      normal number of LDL recpetors; this leads to a concentration-dependent defect in
      regulation, so that attainment of rates of cholesterol synthesis and LDL
      degradation equal to that in normal cells requires a two to three-fold higher
      concentration of extracellular LDL in the heterozygote. The identification of
      this genetic regulatory defect in fibroblasts of heterozygotes with Familial
      Hypercholesterolemia makes available an in vitro system for studying the
      molecular mechanism by which a dominant mutation affects gene expression in
      mammalian cells.

PMID- 164481
TI  - Persistent testicular delta5-isomerase-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta5
      3beta-HSD) deficiency in the delta5-3beta-HSD form of congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia.
AB  - A partial testicular defect in testosterone secretion has been documented in a
      pubertal male with a congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to hereditary deficiency
      of the delta5-isomerase-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme complex (delta5
      3beta-HSD). Diagnosis of the enzymatic defect is based on the clinical picture of
      ambiguous genitalia and salt-losing crisis in infancy, together with high urinary
      delta5-pregnenetriol and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone when the patient was taken
      off replacement corticoid treatment. No hormonal response to ACTH or salt
      deprivation was demonstrable. In addition, in vivo studies revealed a partial
      enzymatic defect in the testis. Although plasma testosterone was low-normal (250
      ng/100 ml), plasma delta5-androstenediol was markedly elevated and rose to a
      greater extent than testosterone after human chorionic gonadotropin
      administration. In vitro testicular incubation studies suggested a testicular
      delta5-3beta-HSD enzyme defect with less delta4 products formed from delta5
      precursors than in a control testis. Histochemical studies of the testis were
      also consistent with this defect. Testicular biopsy revealed spermatogenic
      arrest, generally diminished Leydig cells, but with focal areas of Leydig cell
      hyperplasia as well as benign Leydig cell hyperplasia as well as benign Leudig
      cell nodules within the spermatic cord. In vivo studies of steroid metabolism
      suggested intact peripheral or hepatic delta5-3beta-HSD activity. These studies
      imply that delta5-3beta-HSD activity differs in the gonad, adrenal, and
      peripheral organs. These findings are compatible with the concept that the enzyme
      complex consists of subunits and/or that enzymes in these organs are under
      different genetic control.

PMID- 164482
TI  - Role of the low density lipoprotein receptor in regulating the content of free
      and esterified cholesterol in human fibroblasts.
AB  - The transfer of normal human fibroblasts from medium containing whole serum to
      medium devoid of lipoproteins produced a 90 percent decrease in the cellular
      content of cholesteryl esters and a 30 percent decrease in the free cholesterol
      content. When these lipoprotein-deprived cells were subsequently incubated with
      human low density lipoprotein (LDL), there was a 7-fold increase in the cellular
      content of esterified cholesterol and a 1.6-fold increase in the cellular content
      of free cholesterol. The concentration at which LDL produced its half-maximal
      effect in elevating cellular sterol content (30 mug/ml of LDL-cholesterol) was
      similar to the half-maximal concentration previously reported for high affinity
      binding of LDL to its cell surface receptor. High density lipoprotein (HDL) and
      whole serum from a patient with abetalipoproteinemia (neither of which contains a
      component that binds to the LDL receptor) did not produce a significant increase
      in the content of either cholesterol or cholesteryl esters in normal cells.
      Furthermore, in fibroblasts from patients with the homozygous form of familial
      hypercholesterolemia, which lack functional LDL receptors, LDL had no effect in
      raising the cellular content of either free or esterified cholesterol even when
      present in the medium at concentrations as high as 450 mug sterol/ml. It is
      concluded that LDL-receptor interactions constitute an important biochemical
      mechanism for the regulation of the cholesterol content of normal human
      fibroblasts. Moreover, when considered in light of current concepts of LDL
      metabolism in intact mammals, the present data suggest that a major function of
      plasma LDL may be to transport cholesterol from its site of synthesis in liver
      and intestine to its site of uptake in peripheral tissues.

PMID- 164483
TI  - Properties of a subpopulation of T cells bearing histamine receptors.
AB  - C57BL/6 mice immunized i.p. with alloantigen (P815 mastocytoma cells) develop
      cytolytically active thymus-derived (T) splenic lymphocytes. The definition of
      specific histamine receptor sites on effector T cells has been studied by
      measuring the in vitro effects of the hormone on cytolytic activity. Histamine
      was found to inhibit cytolysis reversibly and to increase lymphoid cell cyclic
      AMP levels. Both of these histamine activities were reversed by burimamide and
      metiamide; neither activity was affected by diphenhydramine or pyrilamine. These
      findings indicate that modulation of effector T cell activity by histamine is
      mediated only by one of the subtypes of tissue histamine receptors, designated a
      histamine-type 2 receptor. This receptor appears to be present on cytolytically
      active cells; there is no evidence for activation by histamine of auxiliary or
      "suppressor" cells. The estimated dissociation constant (KB) for the burimamide
      receptor complex (9 times 10-minus 6 tm) and for the metiamide-receptor complex
      (8 times 10-minus 7 M) indicated that the histamine receptor on T cells is quite
      similar to histamine-type 2 receptors in other tissues. Cells bearing such
      receptors could not be isolated by passage through a column of histamine-coated
      tsepharose beads. The cytolytic activity of spleen cells taken from mice early
      (days 7-9) after immunization is virtually unaffected by histamine in vitro. In
      contrast, the activity of spleen cells taken from mice later in the immune
      response is progressively more susceptible to inhibition by histamine. After
      reaching a maximum at day 11, the spleen cell cytolytic activity falls in a
      pattern that parallels the increase in susceptibility to histamine. The
      susceptibility of effector T cells to histamine appears also to reflect their
      site of origin, for peritoneal exudate effector cells were found to be
      significantly less sensitive than spleen cells to inhibition by histamine. The
      progressive increase in inhibition by histamine apparently reflects the
      appearance of greater numbers of specific histamine-type 2 receptors, and is
      probably a general phenomenon, for spleen cells from A/J or C3H mice immunized
      with either P815 mastocytoma (H-2d) or EL-4 (H-2b) cells showed the same effect.
      However, the appearance of histamine receptors could be altered by prior
      immunization with an unrelated alloantigen: thus, when A/J mice are preimmunized
      with EL-4, a subsequent immunization with mastocytoma cells results in peak
      spleen anti-H-2d activity at day 9 instead of days 11-13, and the appearance of
      significant (greater than 40 percent) inhibition by histamine as early as day 8
      instead of day 16. The physiological role of the histamine receptors is as yet
      undefined, though their unexpected rate of appearance on effector T cells,
      coincident with a decline in the number of lytically active cells in vivo, may be
      a significant hint that hormone receptors play a role in the control of T-cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 164484
TI  - Nature of the vagal inhibitory innervation to the lower esophageal sphincter.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the nature of the vagal
      inhibitory innervation to the lower esophageal sphincter in the anesthetized
      opossum. Sphincter relaxation with electrical stimulation of the vagus was not
      antagonized by atropine, propranolol, phentolamine, or by catechloamine depletion
      with reserpine. A combination of atropine and propranolol was also ineffective,
      suggesting that the vagal inhibitory influences may be mediated by the
      noncholinergic, nonadrenergic neurons. To determine whether a synaptic link with
      nicotinic transmission was present, we investigated the effect of hexamethonium
      on vagal-stimulated lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Hexamethonium in doses
      that completely antagonized the sphincter relaxation in response to a ganglionic
      stimulant, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), did not block the
      sphincter relaxation in response to vagal stimulation at 10 pulses per second,
      and optimal frequency of stimulation. A combination of hexamethonium and
      catecholamine depletion was also ineffective, but hexamethonium plus atropine
      markedly antagonized sphincter relaxation (P less than 0.001). Moreover, 4-(m
      chlorophenyl carbamoyloxy)-2-butyltrimethylammonium chloride (McN-A-343), a
      muscarinic ganglionic stimulant, also caused relaxation of the lower esophageal
      sphincter. We suggest from these results that: (a) pthe vagal inhibitory pathway
      to the sphincter consists of preganglionic fibers which synapse with
      postganglionic neurons: (b) the synaptic transmission is predominantly
      cholinergic and utilizes nicotinic as well as muscarinic receptors on the
      postganglionic neuron, and; (c) postganglionic neurons exert their influence on
      the sphincter by an unidentified inhibitory transmitter that is neither
      adrenergic nor cholinergic.

PMID- 164485
TI  - Bronchorrhoea in a case of alveolar cell carcinoma.
AB  - In a case of bronchorrhoea associated with alveolar cell carcinoma thf
      rheological and chemical features of the sputum indicated that it was bronchial
      fluid and not saliva and part bronchial secretion, partly serum transudate. The
      viscosity and chemical constituents were similar to those found in bronchorrhoea
      when associated with chronic bronchitis, asthma, or bronchiectasis. The
      surfactant studies suggested an alveolar origin for most of thf fluid, while the
      failure of fluid restriction, corticosteroids, atropine, or cytotoxic drugs to
      influence the sputum volume and properties indicated that the cells responsible
      are "autonomous".

PMID- 164486
TI  - Oral butter fat test meal with serum nephelometry in suspected fat malabsorption.

PMID- 164487
TI  - Role of pituitary-adrenocortical system in mediating avoidance behavior of rats
      with septal lesions.
AB  - Three experiments examined the hypothesis that the effects of septal lesions and
      systemic injections of scopolamine on avoidance acquisition could be attributed
      to the effects of either of these treatments on adrenocorticotropic hormone
      (ACTH) secretion. Septal lesions and scopolamine facilitated 2-way conditioned
      avoidance response acquisition, and the lesions retarded passive avoidance
      acquisition. However, neither the injections of dexamethasone, a synthetic
      glucocorticoid which inhibited ACTH secretion as did septal lesions, nor
      injections of ACTH which mimicked the facilitatory effects of scopolamine on
      basal ACTH secretion, affected avoidance in these paradigms. Thus, the main
      hypothesis was not supported. The finding that scopolamine did not affect passive
      avoidance indicates that a cholinergic system may not be involved in mediating
      the suppressive effects of punishment.

PMID- 164488
TI  - Effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone on conditioned avoidance in rats
      interpreted as state-dependent learning.
AB  - Rats were given one training trial that was followed 2 days later by one test
      trial in a "step-out" passive avoidance task. Each rat was injected with either
      adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or placebo before training and before testing.
      Four groups of rats were used, representing the 4 possible training-testing
      injection combinations: placebo-placebo, placebo-ACTH, ACTH-placebo, and ACTH
      ACTH. ACTH given in testing increased avoidance for subjects that had received
      ACTH in training and decreased avoidance for those that had received placebo in
      training.

PMID- 164489
TI  - Neuroticism in the sleep laboratory: implications for representational and
      adaptive properties of dreaming.

PMID- 164490
TI  - Subsensitivity to epinephrine following the administration of epinephrine and
      ephedrine to normal individuals.
AB  - Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to exercise and consecutive epinephrine
      infusions 24 hours apart were measured in 7 normal individuals before and
      following a week's administration of ephedrine sulfate. There was evidence of
      less beta adrenergic response to the second control epinephrine infusion compared
      to the first control infusion, and the depression of the rise in blood lactate
      was significantly different. A week of ephedrine produced more profound
      depression of the beta adrenergic responses to epinephrine with significant
      differences in the rise in blood glucose and lactate, and the pulse and blood
      pressure responses. Furthermore, these same responses remained significantly
      altered when a second epinephrine infusion was performed 36 hours following the
      last dose of ephedrine. The alterations in the response to epinephrine induced by
      ephedrine are consistent with the concept of effector cell "subsensitivity," an
      adaptive response to prolonged excessive stimulation.

PMID- 164492
TI  - Biochemical observations of long duration manned orbital spaceflight.

PMID- 164491
TI  - Leukocytic epinephrine receptors of normal and asthmatic individuals.
AB  - To determine if the hypothesized beta adrenergic blockade in asthma is located at
      the level of the hormone receptor, we have compared the number and binding
      affinity of leukocytic epinephrine receptors in normal and asthmatic subjects.
      Human leukocytes, but not human erythrocytes, possess low-affinity epinephrine
      receptors. When saturated, each leukocyte binds approximately 1.0 times 10-6
      molecules of epinephrine. Binding of 3H DL-epinephrine was largely inhibited by
      excess unlabeled L-epinephrine. The binding was reversible and involved both the
      D and L forms of 3H DL-epinephrine. Inhibition studies with nonradioactive
      isoproterenol, norepinephrine, propranolol, and tolazoline produced results
      consistent with the interpretation that the leukocytes contained both alpha and
      beta adrenergic receptors. Two procedures, subcellular fractionation of
      lymphocytes and incubation of leukocytes in 0.1 per cent trypsin, permitted the
      demonstration that most of the catecholamine binding occurred at the plasma
      membrane. Thin-layer chromatography of the bound 3H DL-epinephrine after its
      extraction from the leukocytes permitted the interpretation that the hormone had
      fully retained its chemical structure. In addition, epinephrine binding was
      associated with cAMP production. Leukocytic epinephrine receptors of 10 asthmatic
      and 9 normal individuals were compared and found not to be substantially
      different in number or binding affinity.

PMID- 164493
TI  - Exercise and long duration speceflight through 84 days.

PMID- 164494
TI  - Current therapeutic concepts--Cushing's syndrome.

PMID- 164495
TI  - The medial plantar nerve syndrome: a theoretical analysis of the etiology of the
      cavus and bunion foot deformities.

PMID- 164496
TI  - Surgical correction of congenital bilateral simple syndactylism. A case report.

PMID- 164497
TI  - Age related activity changes in arginine phosphokinase in the house fly, Musca
      domestic+ L.
AB  - The activity of ATP; L-arginine phosphotransferase (E.C.2.7.3.3.), was shown to
      exhibit age-dependent changes in both male and female house fly. Enzyme activity
      demonstrated more marked changes in the male than in the female, increasing 44
      fold from emergence to a peak at 2 days of age and thereafter declining, at first
      sharply then gradually to a value at 14 days of age, representing a third of the
      activity found at the peak. Activity in the female fly also showed a peak at 2
      days of age, which thereafter declined, although more gradually than was observed
      in the male. Activity changes expressed on a per fly or wet weight bases were
      nearly identical. Age-related activity changes on a milligram protein basis
      demonstrated similar increases; however, the percentage decrease from the 2-day
      peaks were less striking, although highly significant. No kinetic or physical
      changes in the enzyme were detected, nor could any soluble inhibitors or
      activators of enzyme be identified. The changes in arginine phosphokinase
      activity fall into a sequential pattern of enzyme changes, reflecting an
      apparently ordered mechanism underlying a decline in flight ability in this
      species.

PMID- 164498
TI  - Determination of the glycogen content in single neutrophil leukocytes using a
      micromodel of leukocyte glycogen.
AB  - The kinetics of the periodic acid oxidation as part of the periodic acid-Schiff
      reaction was studied by combined microinterferometry and microspectrophotometry
      in micromodel systems of liver glycogen and leukocyte glycogen as well as in
      neutrophil leukocytes. The initial formation of Schiff-positive chromogens was
      more rapid in neutrophil leukocytes than in liver or leukocyte glycogen. The
      chromogen formation was, however, practically complete within 60 min in both
      neutrophil leukocytes and leukocyte glycogen, but this did not appear to be the
      case in liver glycogen. Differences in the rate of chromogen formation may depend
      on various factors such as differences in the source and treatment of the
      glycogen. The complete periodic acid-Schiff reaction appears to be a measure of
      the glycogen amount in neutrophil leukocytes and the microdroplet system of
      leukocyte glycogen is considered to be an appropriate model for the estimation of
      the glycogen amount in single neutrophil leukocytes. A mean value of 13.3 10-12 g
      glycogen per normal human neutrophil was found.

PMID- 164499
TI  - Respiratory viral infection in childhood. A survey in general practice,
      Roehampton 1967-1972.
AB  - The role of viruses and M. pneumoniae in episodes of acute respiratory illness in
      childhood has been studied in a London general practice. The total isolation rate
      was 31-7 per cent, but the rate varied from 32-6 per cent in upper respiratory
      infections to 64-0 per cent in pneumonia. The clinical features associated with
      infection were influenced not only by the type of agent but also by age and other
      host factors in infected children. Rhinoviruses were more commonly isolated than
      any other agent and were frequently associated with wheezy bronchitis.

PMID- 164500
TI  - A comparison of some immunological methods for the differentiation of strains of
      foot-and-mouth disease virus.
AB  - Two FMDV strains which had been previously differentiated by complement-fixation
      were compared by guinea-pig protection test, kinetic neutralization and micro
      neutralization tests. It was found that these tests, which have not been
      previously applied by the methods described, were all capable of FMDV strain
      differentiation. Similar differences were found by all methods, which suggests
      that comparisons made by cross-CF, cross-neutralization or cross-protection
      involve measurement of the same antigen/antibody interactions.

PMID- 164501
TI  - The sub-type classification of strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus.
AB  - Sixteen foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains of type SAT 1 were compared
      in complement-fixation tests. With the test used, the range of antigenic
      variation within a type appeared to be greater than previously described. The
      concept of a sub-type group within which all strains are more closely related to
      each other than to any strain outside the group was not supported. Considering
      the group of strains studied, it is suggested that the classification of strains
      is best achieved by moninating a reference strain for each sub-type. Others are
      classified as related strains in one or more sub-type groups according to their
      relationships with the reference strains.

PMID- 164502
TI  - Respiratory and humoral immune response to aerosol and intramuscular pertussis
      vaccine.
AB  - Animal experiments have shown that respiratory administration of pertussis
      antigen induces a protective immune response. In this study pertussis antibody in
      human respiratory secretions was measured and the response to aerosol and
      intramuscular pertussis immunization investigated. Substanial increases in this
      antibody occurred after aerosol immunization but no changes were found in serum
      antibody. The reverse was observed after intramuscular pertussis vaccine in
      adults but not with aerosol immunization. The latter method may be of value for
      paediatric medical and nursing personnel exposed to the risk of pertussis
      infection.

PMID- 164503
TI  - Sero-immunity to poliovirus in children and young women: England 1972-4.
AB  - A total of 292 children's sera and 706 antenatal sera from different parts of
      England were tested for the presence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies.
      Little vairation was found between different areas and types of community, but a
      lower porportion of the 5-14 year old children had antibody than younger children
      and young adult women. The proportion of the young population with antibody, and
      the current acceptance rates for oral poliovirus vaccine are barely satisfactory.

PMID- 164504
TI  - Specific susceptibility of sensitized (memory) B cells to suppression and
      antigenic alteration by murine leukemia virus.
AB  - Mice infected with murine oncogenic RNA viruses, either Friend virus (FV) or
      Moloney leukemia virus (MuLV-M) reacted well to a primary immunization with
      antigen(s) of Vibrio cholerae; both the kinetics and magnitude of the direct
      (IgM) primary vibriolytic antibody plaque forming cell (PFC) response in the
      spleen was the same as in non-infected control mice. In contrast, the anamnestic
      PFC (IgM) response of mice preimmunized with cholera and later (2 to 9 months
      following priming) infected with either FV or MuLV-M, before the secondary
      challenge, was inhibited 90% or more when compared to the anamnestic response of
      controls. Hemolytic PFC response to a single (primary) immunization with sheep
      red blood cells (sRBC, an antigen to which laboratory mice have a natural immune
      background) was suppressed by infection with both viruses in a manner similar to
      the suppression of the secondary vibiolytic response. The suppressive effect of
      FV, and the lack of it, on these different immune responses was correlated with
      the appearance of FV-induced cell membrane antigen, FVMA, on respective
      individual PFC from the spleen. FVMA was detected by inhibition of PFC in the
      presence of specific antiserum, anti-FVMA, and complement (C). In particular,
      about 80% of the FV-infected mice with an anamnestic response to a secondary
      challenge with cholera antigen had a significant decline in the proportion of PFC
      (33% or more) following incubation with anti-FVMA plus C. A similar degree of
      inhibition was found with hemolytic (anti-sRBC) PFC from FV-infected mice. In
      contrast, primary vibriolytic PFC from FV-infected mice were not inhibited by
      anti-FVMA, i.e., they did not carry the virus-induced antigen. These results
      indicate absolute correlation between viral suppression of a given clone of
      immunocompetent cells, and antigenic alteration of individual antibody-forming
      cells due to the virus-infection. Furthermore, the absence of both functional
      inhibition and virus-induced antigen(s) in the primary immunocompetent cells and
      the presence of both these virus-related functions in the memory cells (either
      experimentally sensitized cholera memory cells or naturally sensitized sRBC
      memory cells) strongly suggested that the latter are selectively susceptible to
      oncornavirus.

PMID- 164505
TI  - Lymphocyte depletion induced by cholera toxin; relationship to adrenal cortical
      function.
AB  - Intravenous injection of cholera toxin (choleragen) into mice caused a profound
      lymphocytopenia associated with marked cellular depletion of the lymph nodes,
      spleen, and thymus. After administration of 1 mu g of choleragen, lymphocytopenia
      was mot marked at 24 hr; recovery occurred 6 to 10 days later. Similarly
      depletion of lymph nodes and spleen was maximal at 24 hr with recovery by 14
      days. Choleragen also caused a marked elevation of serum corticosterone and
      lymphocyte depletion was not observed in adrenalectomized mice. These results
      suggested that the lymphocytopenic effect of choleragen was mediated by increased
      production and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones secondary to a rise in
      intracellular cAMP induced by cholera toxin. The site of action of choleragen may
      be the adrenal cortex itself and/or the hypothalamic-pituitary system.

PMID- 164506
TI  - The isolation and characterization of the V-H domain from rabbit heavy chains of
      different a locus allotype.
AB  - The Fd fragment of rabbit gamma-chains was split by papain to yield a smaller
      fragment with a molecular weight of approximately 14,000 and dialyzable small
      peptides and amino acids. The domain size fragment was identified as intact
      variable region from its amino acid content, its blocked amino-terminus, and two
      characteristic cysteine-containing peptides, while the small peptides and amino
      acids were accounted for by the degradation of the C-H1 region. The variable
      regions isolated from Aa1 and Aa3 Fd fragments not only reacted quantitatively
      with immunoadsorbents conjugated with the homologous anti-a allotype antibody,
      but also completely inhibited the binding of the parent Fd fragment to the
      homologous antibody as measured by radioimmune assay. These data provide direct
      evidence that the group a allotypic determinants are contained entirely in the
      variable portion and are independent of the constant portion of rabbit heavy
      chains.

PMID- 164507
TI  - Partial characterization of a soluble antigen preparation from cells infected
      with human cytomegalovirus: properties of antisera prepared to the antigen.
AB  - Soluble antigen (SA) preparations were obtained from cell cultures infected with
      either the Davis or AD169 strains of cytomegalovirus (CMV). Fractionation of SA
      preparations through Sephadex G-200 resulted in a molecular weight value ranging
      from 67,000 to 85,000. Rate-zonal centrifugation produced an approximate value of
      5.5S for the CMV antigenic material. Antisera to SA prepared from either AD169-
      or Davis-infected cells lacked neutralizing activity but produced specific
      fluorescence confined to CMV intranuclear inclusion material when used in the
      indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA). The specific fluorescing inclusion
      reaction was seen when either AD169 or Davis antisera were used with cells
      infected with the Davis, AD169, Kerr, or C-87 strains of CMV. Fluorescence was
      not observed in cells infected with a strain of Herpes simplex type 1, varicella
      zoster virus, an EBV transformed lymphocyte line, the Cx-90-3B human CMV
      transformed hamster embryo cell line or CMV-infected cell cultures treated with
      cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and showing only antigens expressed in the absence
      of viral DNA synthesis. Antisera prepared to SA preparations obtained from CMV
      infected cells apparently react with specific CMV antigens that are dependent on
      viral DNA synthesis and are common to several strains.

PMID- 164508
TI  - Distinction between malignant L cells and normal mouse fibroblasts by rosette
      formation with sheep red blood cells.
AB  - Murine L cell fibroblasts, and derivatives were found to rosette with sheep red
      blood cells (SRBC). Primary fibroblast explants from the parent murine strain,
      C3H, did not possess this potential. No rosettes were observed with primary
      fibroblast explants from C57BL and B10Br mice, with a human fetal lung
      fibroblast, with baby hamster fibroblasts or their polyoma transormed derivative,
      or with a cell line, 1T-22, derived from BALB/c mice. Hybridization of 1T-22 and
      L cells, by Sendai virus-mediated cell fusion, suppressed the rosette potential
      of the L cell parent. The receptor for SRBC on L cells appears to result from the
      expression of a recessive characteristic.

PMID- 164510
TI  - Papaverine: its effects on cyclic AMP in vitro and psoriasis in vivo.
AB  - Psoriatic epidermis shows excessive cell proliferation, incomplete morphogenesis,
      and glycogen accumulation. These three features may result from coordinate
      misregulation by the previously reported abnormal lesional ratio of cyclic
      AMP/cyclic GMP. If so, it is possible that psoriasis might improve by topical
      application of an agent known to alter cellular levels of cyclic nucleotides. In
      the present study papaverine (3.0 x 10-4 m) produced a 210percent increase (.02
      smaller than p smaller than .05) in epidermal cyclic AMP levels in vitro.
      Therefore, 1 percent papaverine cream (approximately 2.7 x 10-2m papaverine) was
      chosen to establish whether a cyclic AMP elevating agent could improve a soriatic
      lesion. A double-blind comparison of 1 percent papaverine cream versus cream
      alone was conducted on matched lesions in 45 patients. Of those patients showing
      differential improvement (i.e., only one lesion of the pair improved), 81 percent
      (p=0.011) of those showing a response in the center of the lesion and 77 percent
      (p=0.046) of those improving at the edge had applied papaverine. Although no
      attempts were made to develop a papaverine formulation with immediate therapeutic
      utility, the numerically significant papaverine results suggest future
      therapeutic developments.

PMID- 164509
TI  - Mastocytoma cell migration in vitro: inhibition by MIF-containing supernatants.
AB  - Supernatants with macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) activity were
      obtained from cultures of antigen-stimulated guinea pig and human lymphocytes,
      and from SV40-infected monkey kidney cells. The monkey and human but not guinea
      pig preparations were effective in inhibiting migration of mastocytoma cells as
      well as macrophages. This inhibition of migration was not associated with
      cytotoxicity and was reversible.

PMID- 164511
TI  - The genetic relationship of abetalipoproteinemia and hypobetalipoproteinemia: a
      report of the occurence of both diseases within the same family.
AB  - A new case of abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) is reported after its recognition during
      an acquired hemorrhagic disthesis at parturition in a 37-year-old female. The new
      born infant of that delivery and 4 other first-degree relatives were subsequently
      studied and found to have hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL). ABL and HBL, while
      sharing many clinical and biochemical similarities have, but rarely, been
      demonstrated within the same kindred and have, therefore, been regarded as
      different genetic mutations. Analysis of the data in the present and two other
      reported families indicates that ABL can result from the homozygous inheritance
      of the same gene which, when present in the heterozygous state, results in HBL't
      is concluded, therefore, that these cases of ABL have apparently been inherited
      via a different genetic mutation than most previously reported cases of ABL,and
      is likely the same gene involved in HBL. The clinical presentation of this form
      of ABL, that is, familial homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia, is compared to that
      of the classical form of ABL.

PMID- 164513
TI  - X-ray powder diffraction data for some drugs, excipients, and adulterants in
      illicit samples.
AB  - X-ray powder diffraction data have been developed or refined for the
      identification of drugs, excipients, and adulterants found in illicit
      preparations.

PMID- 164512
TI  - Studies on gel-filtered human platelets: isolation and characterization in a
      medium containing no added Ca2+, Mg2+, or K+.
AB  - We have adapted the gel filtration technique for separation of human platelets
      from the plasma constituents to permit use of an eluant containing no added Ca2+,
      Mg2+, and K+, and hence allow direct determination of the intracellular
      concentrations of these ions in the isolated platelets. The eluant employed is
      modified Ca2+-free Tyrode's buffer which contains Sr2+ (0.2 mM) as a substitute
      for Mg2+ and lacks added K+. The functional metabolic, and morphological
      properties of these isolated platelets have been determined ael-filtered
      platelets (GFP) to low concentrations of ADP and adrenaline was qualitatively
      similar to that of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, a slower response was
      observed for the GFP. This rate difference was partially or completely reversed
      by addition of apyrase to the medium. Analysis of the total adenine nucleotide
      content and the pattern of 14C incorporation into the metabolic adenine
      nucleotide pool indicated that isolation in this medium caused to significant
      change in the ATP and ADP contents or in the adenylate energy change in
      comparison with the PRP. However, a significant increase in the extent of
      hypoxanthine production from ATP was noted in GFP isolated in media lacking Mg2+.
      Inclusion of Mg2+ in the elution media prevented this increased hypoxanthine
      production. The intracellular concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ of the GFP as
      determined by atomic absorption analysis were in good agreement with the values
      obtained for platelets separated from plasma by high-speed centrifugation.
      Platelet Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels remained stable despite the lack of significant
      extracellular levels of these ions. However platelet K+ fell to about 30 per cent
      of its initial value after incubation of 90 minutes at 23 degrees C. and a
      coincident increase was observed in extracellular K+ concentration. This
      procedure for platelet isolation may be of particular value for studies on the
      role of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ in platelet physiology and metabolic processes.

PMID- 164514
TI  - Proteins of Kirsten murine leukaemia-sarcoma virus: localization within the virus
      particle by iodination and fractionation techniques.
AB  - The protein and glycoprotein composition of Kirsten murine leukaemia-sarcoma
      virus (KiMSV(KiMuLV) was studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Twenty-three polypeptides and three glycoproteins were detected following
      electrophoresis by staining with Coomassie blue and PAS or by autoradiography of
      isotopically labelled virus. Protein components were assigned positions in the
      virus particle, envelope, nucleoid or intermediate area based on  iodination with
      lactoperoxidase and sedimentation in potassium citrate equilibrium gradients. The
      KiMSV (KiMuLV) envelope contained 11 polypeptides and three glycoproteins. The 
      virus nucleoid and intermediate area were each composed of six proteins. The
      protein composition of KiMSV(KiMuLV) was highly  reproducible when virus was
      harvested from cells of the same subcluture generation. However, the protein
      profiles were altered with repeated in vitro passages of the virus-producing cell
      line.

PMID- 164515
TI  - Proteins induced in BHK cells by infection with foot-and-mouth desease virus.
AB  - Although the infection of BHK cells with foot-and-mouth disease virus did not
      cause a marked inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, the proteins synthesized
      gradually changed from host-specific to virus-specific. The synthesis of at least
      thirteen virus-induced proteins was demonstrated by polyacrylamide
      electrophoretic analysis of the infected cells. Only a small proportion of the
      virus-induced proteins was incorporated into the mature virus particles. The
      addition of amino acid analogues caused an accumulation of the larger mol. wt.
      proteins, suggesting that in infected cells, some cleavages occurred, giving rise
      to the smaller mol. wt. proteins. The operation of the precursor-cleavage
      mechanism was more clearly shown in pulse-chase experiments, in which it was
      found that the proteins were degraded from larger to smaller mol. wt.

PMID- 164517
TI  - The pathogenesis of pseudorabies in mice: virus replication at the inoculation
      site and axonal uptake.
AB  - Three-week-old mice were inoculated in the right ear pinna with pseuforabies
      virus. Ears were surgically removed at various times after inoculation and
      changes from the normal pathogenesis were observed. Virus replication in the ear
      tissue and cervical dorsal root ganglia was also monitored. Followed inoculation
      with a small dose of virus, local multiplication of the virus was necessary
      before the infection spread to the nerves. With larger infecting doses there was
      probably direct uptake of virus from the inoculum into the nerve endings. After
      these larger doses virus was first detected in the dorsal root ganglia 17 h agter
      infection, suggesting a retrograde axonal flow rate of at lease 1-7 mm/h.

PMID- 164516
TI  - Determination of the molecular weight of bovine enterovirus RNA by nuclease
      digestion.
AB  - The mol. wt. of a [32P]-labelled bovine enterovirus RNA has been determined by
      digesting with pancreatic RNase and separating the resulting oligonucleotides
      using a two-stage fractionation method on DEAE-Sephadex in 7 M-urea at pH 7-6 and
      pH 3-0. We have estimated the number of nucleotides as 8612 plus or minus 55.
      This corresponds to a mol. wt. of 2-93 plus or minus 0-02 X 10-6 which is in
      aggrement with estimates obtained by sedimentation and gel electrophoresis
      techniques.

PMID- 164518
TI  - Virus DNA synthesizing ability of T antigen-forming defective SV40 produced by
      successive undiluted passages.
AB  - SV40 stocks prepared by successive undiluted passages in African green monkey
      kidney (gmk) cells contain particles which produce T antigen but not capsid
      antigen (T partcles). The DNA of the T particles was shown to replicate during
      abortive infection of GMK cells, as indicated by immunofluorescence assay for
      antigen forming capacity of virus DNA. It was also shown that the synthesis of t
      particle DNA was induced in heterokaryons formed by fusion of 3T3 cells
      transformed by T particles with susceptible GMK cells.

PMID- 164519
TI  - Unidirectional replication of a minority of polyoma virus and SV40 DNAs.
AB  - Poyoma DNA replication is initiated predominatly at a site which is 29% from the
      EcoRI cleavage site. Molecules replicating from this site, after digestion with
      EcoRI appear as linear structures with a double stranded loop centered at the
      origin of replication. These forms constitute 90% of all replicating
      intermediates. Approx. 10% of the replicating intermediates of polyoma and SVP40
      DNAs occur as Y-forms after treatment with EcoRI. These structures have probably
      resulted from unidirectional replication initiated at an additional origin of DNA
      replication which is located near the EcoRI cleavage site on the genomes of these
      viruses.

PMID- 164520
TI  - Isolation and characterization of 'dense particles' from poliovirus-infected HeLa
      cells.
AB  - Dense poliovirus particles (buoyant density 1.44 g/ml in CsCl) isolated from
      infected HeLa cells contain the normal four structural polypeptides VP1 to VP4,
      and 35S poliovirus RNA. In addition, small amounts of VPo and single-stranded RNA
      sedimenting slower than the poliovirus genome are present. Dense particles have a
      low specific infectivity, are neutralized by type-specific poliovirus antisera,
      and are detected during growth as early as normal virus but disappear when virus
      production stops.  They appear to represent a different, more open, conformation
      of the normal virus capsid.

PMID- 164521
TI  - Distinct molecular species of human interferons: requirements for stabilzation
      and reactivation of human leukocyte and fibroblast interferons.
AB  - Human fibroblast interferon preparations were completely stabilized to 100
      degrees C by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in the presence of mercaptoethanol,
      but only a minor fraction of their activities were stabilized by SDS without
      mercaptoethanol. On the contarary, human leukocyte interferon preparations were
      completely stabilized to 100 degrees C by SDS in the absence of mercaptoethanol,
      but only a minor fraction of their activities were stabilized by SDS in the
      presence of mercaptoethanol. Furthermore, human fibroblast interferon
      preparations whose activities had been destroyed by boiling at 100 degrees C were
      completely reactivated by SDS under reducing conditions, but only a minor part of
      their activities were restored by SDS in the absence of reduction. On the
      contrary, human leukocyte interferon preparations whose activities had been
      destroyed by boiling at 100 degrees C were completely reactivated by SDS in the
      absence of reduction, but only a minor part of their activities were restored by
      SDS under reducing conditions. These data suggest that there are distinct
      molecular species of human interferons.

PMID- 164522
TI  - Electroconvulsive shock and postsynaptic catecholamine effects: increased
      psychomotor stimulant action of apomorphine and clonidine in reserpine pretreated
      mice by repeated ECS.
AB  - Male mice were administered electric convulsive shocks (ECS) once daily for one
      (ECS X I), three (ECS X III) or seven days (ECS X VII). One (day 1), three (day
      3) or six days (day 6) later they received reserpine 10 mg/kg, followed 2 hours
      later by clonidine, 1.5 mg/kg, and/or apomorphine, 1.5 mg/kg. Control animals
      received the same drug treatments but no ECS. The motor activity was recorded for
      1 hour, starting immediately after the last drug injection. The behavioral
      depression induced by reserpine was equally pronounced in ECS-pretreated animals
      as in the control animals. The psychomotor stimulant effects of clonidine and/or
      apomorphine, given after reserpine was, however, enhanced by pretreatment with
      ECS X VII, DAY 1. Pretreatment wit- ECS X VII increased the motor activity also
      in animals given reserpine, apomorphine and clonidine at day 3 or day 6. ECS X
      III was also effective in this respect at day 1, whereas ECS X I, day 1, was
      ineffective. Mice given ECS X VII but no drug treatment showed at day 1 an
      increased motor activity during the initial 10 min and a decreased activity
      during the last 10 of the 1 hour recording period. At day 3 and day 6 after ECS X
      VII the motor activity was increased in comparison to that in untreated control
      animals during the whole 1 hour period. Animals given repeated ECS furthermore
      showed increased irritability and reduced body weight. The results indicate that
      repeated ECS increase the sensitivity of postsynaptic catecholamine receptors in
      the brain or alter neuronal structures which are connected to these receptors.

PMID- 164523
TI  - The isolation and characterization of a plasma membrane and a myelin fraction
      derived from oligodendroglia of calf brain.

PMID- 164524
TI  - Actions of neurohumoral agents and cerebral metabolities on output of adenine
      derivatives from superfused tissues of the brain.

PMID- 164525
TI  - Some biochemical aspects of cadmium toxicology.

PMID- 164526
TI  - Editorial: Cadmium ... more epidemiologic work needed.

PMID- 164527
TI  - Congenital granular-cell myoblastoma.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic features of congenital granular-cell myoblastoma in
      five infant girls are reported. One lesion, treated expectantly, progressively
      decreased in size and after 3 yr and 9 mo could not be detected, while two
      lesions which were imcompletely excised did not recur. It is suggested that
      congenital granular-cell myoblastoma is caused by an intrauterine stimulus, and
      that this stimulus may possible be production of estrogen by the fetus.
      Congential granular-cell myoblastoma should be treated expectantly or by limited
      excision, and has an excellent prognosis.

PMID- 164528
TI  - Papillary lymphoid hyperplasia of the terminal ileum: an unusual cause of
      intussusception and gastrointestinal bleeding in childhood.
AB  - Papillary lymphoid hyperplasia of the terminal ileum is a benign condition
      associated with abdominal pain, intussusception, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
      It appears to represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity, separate from the
      usual idiopathic intussusception of infancy and childhood. The lesions are
      reasonably well circumscribed, localized in the submucosa of the terminal ileum,
      and composed of lymphoid tissue with prominent germinal follicles. Management by
      ileocolectomy resulted in complete cure with no postoperative complications in
      our six cases. However, many authors recommend conservative therapy. The cause is
      not known but there may be some relationship between these cases and intestinal
      adenovirus infection.

PMID- 164529
TI  - Dopaminergic mechanisms of opiate actions in brain.
AB  - We have studied the interactions between morphine and a dopamine-blocking agent
      (haloperidol) and a dopamine precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa). We
      found that haloperidol potentiated morphine-induced analgesia and enhanced
      morphine tolerance. Morphine-tolerant mice exhibited enhanced sensitivity to the
      locomotor excitatory actions of L-dopa. We propose that morphine exerts some of
      its central nervous actions by first interfering with dopamine-mediated synaptic
      transmission and then initiating compensatory changes that superficially resemble
      denervation supersensitivity. These compensatory changes may underlie the
      excitatory actions of morphine.

PMID- 164530
TI  - Experimental tests of hypotheses about neurochemical mechanisms underlying
      behavioral tolerance to the anticholinesterase, diisopropyl fluorophosphate.
AB  - Neurochemical and psychopharmacological studies of rats were designed to examine
      four hypotheses which have been proposed to account for the development of
      behavioral tolerance to the anticholinesterase, diisopropyl fluorophosphate
      (DFP). The fact that the activity of the enzymes, adenosine triphosphatase,
      alkaline phosphatase and cytochrome oxidase, did not change concomitantly with
      behavioral measures during chronic treatment with DFP suggests that nonspecific
      metabolic changes are unlikely mechanisms of behavioral tolerance. Similarly, a
      lack of change in choline acetylase activity coupled with constantly high
      acetylcholine levels (140%) and low cholinesterase activity (28.5%) tends to
      eliminate end-product inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis as a primary
      mechanism of tolerance to DFP. Alpha-Methyl-p-tyrosine in doses to 150 mg/kg
      affected the behaviors of control and DFP-treated rats to a comparable degree,
      offering no support for the hypothesis that a redundant adrenergic system may
      replace the cholinergic system during the development of tolerance to DFP. In
      contrast to these various negative findings, pilocarpine was less effective in
      suppressing the responding of rats tolerant to DFP than that of control subjects.
      This confirms other evidence indicating that a decreased sensitivity of
      cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors is one mechanism underlying the development of
      tolerance to DFP.

PMID- 164532
TI  - Hormonal influences in the development of the hypermetabolic state of the liver
      produced by chronic administration of ethanol.
AB  - Chronic administration of ethanol to rats, either in liquid diets as the only
      source of food or by gastric intubation while the animals are fed ad libitum,
      leads to the development of a hypermetabolic state of the liver. This
      hypermetabolic condition of the liver can be observed independently of the
      feeding state of the animals. The calorigenic effects produced by ethanol in the
      liver, as measured in liver slices, could be reproduced by a single large dose of
      epinephrine. Oxygen consumption by liver slices of animals given a 2-mg/kg dose
      of epinephrine bitartrate increased by 40 to 50 percent. In these livers all the
      extra oxygen consumption, but not the basal respiration, could be abolished by
      ouabain, an inhibitor of the sodium pump. Dinitrophenol did not affect the
      respiratory rate in the liver of epinephrine-treated animals while markedly
      increasing that in controls. In the liver of treated animals, the activatory
      effect of dinitrophenol could be recovered in the presence of ouabain. The
      calorigenic effect of epinephrine in the liver was found to be completely
      abolished by phentolamine (alpha adrenergic blocker) but was not modified by DL
      propranolol (beta adrenergic blocker). Also, the calorigenic effects produced by
      epinephrine could not be seen in thyroidectomized animals or by incubating the
      liver slices in a calcium-free medium. Thyroidectomy and administration of
      phentolamine markedly reduced and adrenalectomy completely abolished the
      hypermetabolic state produced in the liver of rats by chronic administration of
      ethanol.

PMID- 164531
TI  - Mechanism of blockade of neuromuscular transmission by pentobarbital.
AB  - The mechanism of block of neuromuscular transmission by pentobarbital has been
      studied in the frog sciatic nerve-sartorius muscle preparation by means of
      intracellular microelectrode and voltage clamp techniques. The resting membrane
      potential was decreased by pentobarbital only to a small extent (less than 15 mV)
      in both end-plate and non-end-plate regions. Both sodium and potassium components
      of end-plate current underwent drastic changes after application of
      pentobarbital. The peak amplitude was decreased with an apparent dissociation
      constant of 0.9 mM for both currents. The maximum rate of rise of end-plate
      current was reduced, with apparent dissociation constants of 0.9 and 1.2 mM for
      sodium and potassium currents, respectively. The times for sodium and potassium
      end-plate current to reach their peaks were shortened only to a negligible
      extent. The falling phase of end-plate current was greatly accelerated, sodium
      current being affected more than potassium current. The transient end-plate
      depolarization induced by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine was
      suppressed more effectively than end-plate potential by application of
      pentobarbital. The falling phase of the former was also shortened. The quantal
      content of end-plate potential tended to increase at 0.5 mM, but underwent no
      appreciable change at 1.0 and 1.4 mM. Pentobarbital has a dual action on both
      quantal content and end-plate membrane depending on the concentration, and the
      block of neuromuscular transmission is due primarily to a suppression of the end
      plate sensitivity to acetylcholine. The differential effect of pentobarbital on
      sodium and potassium components of end-plate current is compatible with the
      notion that these two ionic conductances are separate entities.

PMID- 164533
TI  - Potentiation of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in alloxan- or
      strepto- zotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - Studies were performed to examine the effects of alloxan- or streptozotocin
      induced diabetes on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) liver injury. Male rats were
      pretreated with single i.v. injections of alloxan monohydrate (40 or 80 mg/kg) or
      streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). A challenging dose of CCl4 (0.1 ml/kg i.p.) was given
      to rats 4 days after alloxan pretreatment or 5 days after streptozotocin
      pretreatment, and the animals were sacrificed 24 hours later. Biochemical and
      morphologic evidence was obtained to show that pretreatment with the diabetogenic
      agents markedly enhanced CCl4-induced hepatotoxity. The challenging dose of CCl4
      had no effect on the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity in
      control rats. However, the administration of this dose of CCl4 to rats pretreated
      with 40 and 80 mg/kg of alloxan as well as to rats pretreated with streptozotocin
      resulted in 11-, 68-, and 32-fold increases, respectively, in SGPT activity.
      Hepatic triglyceride concentrations in the diabetic rats were also markedly
      elevated above control values after CCl4 challenge. Alloxan- or streptozotocin
      pretreatment alone did not enhance these biochemical parameters of liver injury.
      Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity, which increased in the rats given a
      diabetogenic agent, was lowered as a result of CCl4 injection. Insulin treatment
      of rats given alloxan (80 mg/kg) markedly protected against CCl4-induced
      hepatotoxicity. The severity of the morphologic changes in diabetic rats given
      CCl4 correlated with the biochemical findings.

PMID- 164534
TI  - Influence of prostaglandins E1 and F2alpha on pulmonary vascular resistance,
      isolated lobar vessels and cyclic nucleotide levels.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandins E1 (PGE1) and F2alpha) on the pulmonary vascular
      bed were studied in the intact dog under conditions of controlled pulmonary blood
      flow. PGF2alpha increased lobar arterial and venous pressure when injected or
      infused into the lobar, artery. The pressor response was dose-related and doses
      as low as 0.03 and 0.1 mug, which established concentrations of 0.1 to 0.3 ng/ml
      in lobar arterial blood, increased pulmonary vascular resistance. PGF2alpha also
      increased airway resistance in the left lower lobe. However, the effects of this
      substance on the vascular bed were not related to its effects on bronchomotor
      tone since similar pressor responses were observed in normal and nonrespiring
      lobes, PGE1 decreased pressure in the lobar artery and vein when infused into the
      lobar artery and the effects of PGE1 and PGF2alpha on the pulmonary vascular bed
      were similar when the lung was perfused with dextran or with blood. PGF2alpha
      increased isometric tension in isolated helical segments of lobar vein 3 to 5 mm
      in diameter but was without effect on arterial segments of the same diameter. The
      increase in isometric tension in the venous segments with PGF2alpha was
      associated with a significant increase in intracellular levels of guanosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cGMP) but no change in adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)
      levels. PGE1 decreased isometric tension in both arterial and venous segments and
      the decrease in tension was accompanied by a significant elevation in smooth
      muscle cAMP levels and a small but significant reduction in vein cGMP. Results of
      the present study indicate that PGF2alpha increases pulmonary resistance by
      constricting lobar veins and to a lesser extent vessels upstream in the
      precapillary bed whereas PGE1 dilates lobar veins and upstream vessels. These
      results suggest that PGE1-induced vasodilation may be mediated by an increase in
      cAMP levels while PGF2alpha-induced venoconstriction may be related to increased
      smooth muscle levels of cGMP.

PMID- 164535
TI  - Two descending nerve pathways activated by distension of guinea-pig small
      intestine.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recordings were made from myenteric neurones of the guinea-pig
      small intestine in preparations which had a synaptic input from an orally
      situated segment of intestine. 2. Excitatory synaptic potentials could be evoked
      in most neurones by distension of the attached intestinal segment. 3. It was
      possible to distinguish two distinct firing patterns of synaptic potentials in
      response to distension. A transient short latency discharge was recorded from
      some neurones. From the others, a persistent synaptic discharge was recorded only
      after a long latency (2-11 sec). 4. Distension of intestinal segments evoked
      short latency transient inhibitory junction potentials in the circular muscle
      layer followed by excitatory junction potentials in both the circular and
      longitudinal muscle layers. 5. It is suggested that distension may cause both
      descending inhibition and, after a delay, descending excitation of the guinea-pig
      small intestine.

PMID- 164536
TI  - Estimates of statistical release parameters from crayfish and frog neuromuscular
      junctions.
AB  - 1. Transmitter release at crayfish and frog neuromuscular junctions was studied
      by recording synaptic potentials with extracellular or intracellular glass micro
      electrodes. 2. The binomial release parameters n and p were calculated using the
      experimental observations for the mean number of quanta (m) released in a series
      of trials, the variance (var) of the quantum content distribution and the number
      of transmission failures (n-o). 3. In one series of experiments on frog
      neuromuscular junction, action potentials were blocked by tetrodotoxin.
      Transmitter release was limited to a circumscribed part of the nerve terminal by
      focal stimulation with a glass micro-electrode. Values for m were between 0-6 and
      5-7 and calculated values for n ranged from 3 to 23. p was between 0-05 and 0-48.
      In a second series of experiments on frog neuromuscular junction transmitter
      release was evoked by conventional stimulation of the nerve trunk in Mg-Ringer. m
      was mostly between 20 and 60 and in the same experiments n was calculated to be
      between 70 and 125. Values for p ranged from 0-25 to 0-48. 4. It can be concluded
      from the present results that transmitter release at frog neuromuscular junction
      is described by binomial statistics as is the case for neuromuscular junction of
      crayfish. 5. In comparing the values for n for the two series of experiments on
      frog neuromuscular junction it appears that n is dependent on the length of the
      activated synaptic contact. The numbers for n calculated from frog neuromuscular
      junction are of the same order of magnitude as the number of 'active zones' seen
      in the corresponding length of the synaptic nerve terminal.

PMID- 164537
TI  - Stimulation of pancreatic electrolyte secretion by cholera toxin.

PMID- 164538
TI  - Commitment and responsibility in the therapeutic relationship.

PMID- 164539
TI  - Nursing staff training for an effective geropsychiatric environment.
AB  - In describing an early training program of the Gerontological Manpower Project,
      we have attempted to demonstrate that short-term, on-site training with a frim
      theoretical and empirical base, can be an effective vehicle for translating
      research into application. In this case, research and theory based on the
      importance of the environment as therapeutic, and directed to maximizing
      geriatric patient independence was incorporated into a geriatric training
      programmthis was delivered to personnel working with the elderly in two
      institutional settings, differing in geriatric patient population and service
      orientation. To improve the effectiveness of future training programs, extensive
      evaluative research was included in the training processes. Although results were
      predictably tentative, they did yield much useful information both for subsequent
      program design as well as reinforcing a need for this process itself. Finally, a
      very satisfying and beneficial result of this project, as specified by the
      research staff and all participants, is that effective application of research
      results via appropriate training mechanisms are easily within reach of the nurse
      practioner, and the oft-desired bridge between academia and the service delivery
      system is truly a collaborative reality.

PMID- 164540
TI  - The dysfunction of DSM-II (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
      Disorders).
AB  - The task of seeking alternatives to a classification system such as DSM-II that
      will maximize its benefits and minimize its limitation is a complex and arduous
      one. There are no clear-cut answers. Certain issues had been elaborated on here.
      The task at hand is one that must be approached on a multiprofessional basis
      seeking to integrate a variety of theoretical bases into a functional conceptual
      framework that will accomplish the purpose of a classification scheme. There is
      also need to conduct systematic data collection in an effort to determine
      operational definitions related to the phenomenon that is being studied. There is
      a movement by some professionals to have more emphasis placed on the social
      functioning level of the individual and his significant othersmif a concerted
      effort is not begun to look at this problem it will remain unchanged for the most
      part or other interested professionals will have changed it with little impact
      from nursing.

PMID- 164541
TI  - Cause--technology; effect--depersonalization.

PMID- 164542
TI  - An experience in poetry therapy.

PMID- 164543
TI  - Hemiplegia: basic care considerations often neglected.

PMID- 164544
TI  - Establishing group work in a psychiatric unit of a general hospital.

PMID- 164545
TI  - Stimulation of protein synthesis in vivo in immature mouse testis by FSH.
AB  - Human pituitary FSH was found to increase the incorporation of tritiated lysine
      into testicular protein in prepubertal mice in vivo. Radioactivity was measured
      in washed trichloracetic acid precipitates prepared from crude testicular
      homogenates. The time of maximum response was 8 to 16 hr after subcutaneous
      injection of the hormone. This was considerably later than the maximum response
      in vitro reported by other workers. Neither HCG nor dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'
      adenosine monophosphate had a significant effect on the incorporation of lysine.

PMID- 164547
TI  - The coagulation of insoluble and basic proteins from rat siminal vesicle
      secretion with vesiculase: influence of collagenase-like peptidase from rat
      testis.
AB  - Proteins from the secretion of rat seminal vesicles were fractionated to yield
      (i) insoluble protein, (ii) basic proteins (soluble in the presence of urea) and
      (iii) neutral plus acidic proteins. The first two are necessary for the formation
      in vitro of a coagulum which is very similar to the copulatory plug. Collagenase
      like peptidase from rat testis degrades both protein fractions and prevents
      coagulum formation.

PMID- 164546
TI  - Ultrastructural relationships between decidua, trophoblast and lymphocytes at the
      beginning of human pregnancy.
AB  - Between the 20th and 40th day of pregnancy, human decidual cells in the
      endometrial connective tissue come into direct contact with the trophoblastic
      cells eroding the stromal tissue. Fibrillar deposits of maternal origin were
      randomly distributed between the maternal and fetal sites and did not form a
      continuous barrier. Structural features were prominent in the maternal and
      embryonic cells. Large decidual cells were intermingled with trophoblastic cells,
      and there was little intercellular material. Small developing decidual cells
      arose around the maternal precapillary arterioles and capillaries and were
      closely accompanied by lymphocytes. Fully developed decidual cells exhibited a
      fine structure characteristic of a state of active secretion, and trophoblastic
      cells gave structural indications of producing protein. The aggregates of
      decidual and trophoblastic cells in the human endometrium during early pregnancy
      ('deciduotrophoblastic complex') may function as a local humoral regulator
      releasing chemical factors and partaking in the establishment of immunological
      privilege at implantation.

PMID- 164548
TI  - Implantation in ovariectomized mice treated with dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP).
AB  - Experiments are described that demonstrate that uterine intraluminal injection of
      a 1-25 mM-solution of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dcAMP) in phosphate buffered saline
      (PBS) induced implantation in ovariectomized pregnant mice. Pretreatment with
      progesterone was essential for this effect. When PBS was injected alone, it did
      not induce implantation in mice treated with progesterone. Bilateral
      adrenalectomy had no effect on the ability of dcAMP to substitute for oestradiol,
      showing that the effect was not due to dcAMP-induced oestrogen synthesis in the
      adrenal cortex. It is suggested that the dcAMP may act at the level of the
      uterus, the embryo, or both.

PMID- 164549
TI  - Metabolism of the mouse placenta.

PMID- 164550
TI  - Potential inhibitors of L-asparagine biosynthesis. 2. Chemistry and biological
      activity of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid and its derivatives.
AB  - Several derivatives of erythro-beta-hydroxy-DL-aspartic acid (1) were prepared as
      a potential inhibitors of L-asparagine synthetase (ASase) from rat Novikoff
      hepatoma. Benzylation of 1 gave the dibenzyl ester 2 which upon coupling with
      carbobenzoxyglycine afforded the blocked dipeptide 3. Deblocking of 3 gave glycl
      erythro-beta-hydroxyl-DL-aspartic acid (4) which could not be diazotized. The
      dimethyl ester of 1 was coupled with carbobenzoxyglycine to give the blocked
      dipeptide 7a which was deblocked to give dimethyl glycel-erythro-beta-hydroxy-DL
      aspartate hydrochloride (8). Diazotization of 8 gave impure diazo compound 9
      which on reaction with HCl gave the chloro compound 10. The methods of isolation,
      assay, and inhibition of ASase are discribed. At 10 mM concentrations 10, 1, and
      its D and L enantiomers inhibit ASase by 45, 47, 36 and 66 percent, respectively.

PMID- 164551
TI  - Adrenocorticotropin. 47. Synthesis and biological activity of adrenocorticotropic
      peptides modified at the tryptophan position.
AB  - Three biologically active peptides, [9-beta-(1-naphthyl)alanine]-ACTH-(1-19), [9
      Ni-formyltryptophanl-ACTH-1(1-19), and (8-lysine,9-phenylalaninel-ACTH-1(1-9),
      have been synthesized by the solid-phase method. All of the synthetic peptides
      showed diminished biological activity compared to ACTH-(1-19). It was also shown
      that the steroidogenic and lipolytic activities of ACTH-(1-19) were not inhibited
      by [8-lysine,.-phenylalanine]-ACTH-(1-19).

PMID- 164552
TI  - Distinction between Duchenne and other muscular dystrophies by ribosomal protein
      synthesis.
AB  - Ribosome concentration, ribosome distribution on sucrose density gradients, and
      in-vitro ribosomal amino-acid incorporation (noncollagen and collagen synthesis)
      were studied in muscle biopsy samples obtained from 30 patients with Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy, seven patients with Becker muscular dystrophy, and 10 with
      facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Ribosome concentration was normal in
      Duchenne and facioscapulohumeral and decreased in Becker muscular dystrophy.
      Distribution of ribosomes in sucrose density gradients showed abnormalities
      (sharp monosomal peak and fewer polyribosomes) only in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy and was normal in the other two types. In-vitro amino-acid
      incorporation of ribosomes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy revealed high collagen
      and low noncollagen synthesis of the heavy polyribosomes. This abnormality is
      controlled by an undetermined enzymatic factor belonging to the soluble enzyme
      fraction. Supplementation of the dystrophic heavy polyribosomes with normal
      soluble enzymes restored the synthesis of collagen to that of the controls. Heavy
      polyribosomes extracted from normals or from carriers produce proportionately
      more collagen in the presence of soluble enzyme fraction from Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy than in the presence of their homologous enzymes. In Becker muscular
      dystrophy, both noncollagen and collagen synthesis of the heavy polyribosomes
      were increased, under the influence of ribosomal factors. The different protein
      synthesis in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies suggests that these
      conditions are non-allelic. In facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy the changes
      in protein synthesis occurred only in the early stage of the disease and
      consisted of increased noncollagen synthesis of the light polyribosomes, while
      the heavy polyribosomes had normal activity including collagen synthesis. This
      reaction was controlled by ribosomal factors.

PMID- 164554
TI  - Membrane proteins and urea and acetamide transport in the human erythrocyte.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that urea and acetamide traverse the erythrocyte
      membrane by way of facilitated diffusion. The nature of this selective pathway is
      unknown. The present studies investigate the effects of proteolytic enzymes and
      crosslinking agents on amide transport. Cleavage of the erythrocyte membrane
      surface by pronase or trypsin had no effect on urea and acetamide permeability or
      inhibition by phloretin. These findings suggest that the sialoglycopeptide
      segment of the sialoglycoproteins is not critical to urea and acetamide
      transport. In addition, extensive crosslinking of membrane proteins with
      glutaraldehyde had no effect on amide transport in the absence or presence of
      phloretin.

PMID- 164553
TI  - Bilayer structure in phospholipid-cytochrome c model membranes.
AB  - Lipid protein interactions in biological membranes differ markedly depending on
      whether the protein is intrinsic or extrinsic. These interactions are studied
      using lipid spin labels diffused into model systems consisting of phospholipid
      bilayers and a specific protein. Recently, an intrinsic protein complex,
      cytochrome oxidase, was examined and the data suggest there is a boundary layer
      of immobilized lipid between the hydrophobic protein surfaces and adjacent fluid
      bilayer regions. In the present study, a typical extrinsic protein, cytochrome c,
      was complexed with a cardiolipin/lecithin (1:4 by weight) mixture. The
      phospholipids in the presence and absence of cytochrome c exhibit typical bilayer
      behavior as jedged by four spin-labeling criteria: fluidity gradient, spectral
      anisotropy of oriented bilayers, response to hydration and the polarity profile.
      Any effects of cytochrome c on the ESR spectra of lipid spin labels are small, in
      contrast to the effects of intrinsic proteins. These data are consistent with
      electrostatic binding of cytochrome c to the charged groups of the phospholipids,
      and indicate that the presence of extrinsic proteins will not interfere with
      measurements of boundary lipid in intact biological membranes.

PMID- 164555
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the plasma membrane from Yoshida hepatoma
      cells.
AB  - Plasma membranes isolated from Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH-130 by a modification
      of the method of T.K. Ray (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 196:1, 1970), were
      subfractionated into three fractions having densities (d) 1.12, 1.14 and 1.16 by
      discontinuous sucrose density-gradient. Membrane subfractions were characterized
      by electron-microscopy, by assay of marker enzymes and by lipid composition. All
      subfractions appeared to be essentially free from whole mitochondria, lysosomes
      and nuclei. Subfraction d 1.16 had the highest 5'-nucleotidase, Mg++-ATPase and
      (Na+ +K+)-ATPase activities; cytochrome c oxidase was undetectable in any
      fraction and glucose-6-phosphatase was measurable only in fraction d 1.14 and
      1.16. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase was nearly equally distributed in the
      fractions. Adenylate cyclase, 5'-nucleotidase and Mg++-ATPase activities of tumor
      membrane were lower with respect to liver plasma membrane, while cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase and (Na" +K+)-ATPase were found to have similar activities in
      the two membrane preparations. With respect to liver membrane, hepatoma membrane
      contained a higher amount of glycolipids and a higher amount of phospholipids
      accounted for mainly by sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid.
      The possible significance of the decrease of adenylate activity in the hepatoma
      membrane is briefly discussed.

PMID- 164556
TI  - Cyclic AMP levels in cultured myocardial cells under the influence of
      chronotropic and inotropic agents.

PMID- 164557
TI  - Comparison of the adenine nucleotide metabolism of dog atrial and ventricular
      myocardium.

PMID- 164558
TI  - Primary tissue culture of human wart-derived epidermal cells (keratinocytes).
AB  - The formation of human skin warts may depend on transformation by human papilloma
      virus or result from a productive virus infection. To explore this problem,
      methods were developed for the primary tissue culture of epidermal cells
      (keratinocytes) derived from wart tissues and normal skin. Wart-derived
      keratinocytes continued to proliferate for periods exceeding 3 months, but the
      patterns of cell growth were identical to normal keratinocytes. Electron
      microscopic and immunohistologic examination of wart-derived cultures did not
      evidence virion assembly.

PMID- 164559
TI  - Differences between soluble complement-fixing antigens derived from P3HR-1, RAJI,
      and Hk-Ly-28 cell lines.
AB  - Soluble complement-fixing (CF) antigens of the virus-producing and virus
      nonproducing P3HR-1 and RAJI Burkitt lymphoma cell lines and Hk-Ly-28
      nasopharyngeal cancer cell line, identified by use of viral capsid antigen
      positive human sera, could readily be distinguished by differences in their
      stability to chemical and physical conditions. The P3HR-1 soluble CF antigen lost
      titer when heated or exposed to acid perchlorate under conditions in which RAJI
      and Hk-Ly-28 soluble antigens were stable. Differences in solubility were also
      found. These results contribute not only to the interpretation of the
      relationship of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated components of RAJI to P3HR-1
      and Hk-Ly-28 cell lysates but also to the selection of conditions for the
      development of identification tests and purification procedures for CF antigens
      and antibodies of Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, and other EBV
      associated tumors.

PMID- 164561
TI  - Studies of FBJ osteosarcoma virus in tissue culture. II. Autoinhibition of focus
      formation.
AB  - A high-titered non-focus-forming virus, FBJ-MuLV (murine leukemia virus), present
      in FBJ tumor preparations, inhibited significantly the expression and production
      of FBJ-MuSV (murine sarcoma virus) in tissue culture. This "autoinhibition" was
      comparable to that observed when a 3- to 4-log excess of infectious MuLV was
      added to standard MuSV. The degree of inhibition was influenced by the tropism of
      the MuLV (or the ease of spread and propagation of MuLV in certain cells),
      multiplicity of infection by MuLV, amount of excess MuLV, and ability of the MuSV
      transformed cells to replicate independently. The FBJ MuLV-MuSV complex may be a
      model system for the detection of sarcoma viruses in spontaneous tumors in
      various animals where inhibition by excess nontransforming virus could be an
      important biologic phenomenon.

PMID- 164560
TI  - Pathogenic and serologic studies of Japanese quail infected with JM strain of
      Marek's disease herpesvirus.
AB  - Japanese quail were inoculated with Marek's disease herpesvirus at 1 day of age,
      and a second group of the same age was infected by contact with inoculated quail.
      A third group raised in our laboratory as a source of hatching eggs was
      accidentally infected with Marek's disease (MD). All quail were observed and
      examined for periods up to 360 days; the usual clinical signs of MD were not
      observed. However, the birds were susceptible to MD infection because of the
      evidence that: 1) The MD-specific agar gel-preceipitation (AGP) antigen was found
      in the feather tips or feather follicular epithelium of some of them; 2) the MD
      specific AGP antibody was found in 6 of 57 exposed to MD; and 3) the virus was
      recovered from 4 MD-exposed birds by subpassage of their kidney cultures into
      quail embryo fibroblasts. The specificity of the AGP antigen or antibody in MD
      infected quail was examined by the line of identity and cross-absorption tests.
      The antigen specificity was tested against similar to 700 sera from chickens and
      quail. Although most of these sera reacted with quail-positive antigen (QPA)
      prepared from MD-infected quail, some sera from infected or uninfected normal
      chickens reacted nonspecifically with QPA and with an antigen prepared from
      normal quail. By gel filtration on Sephadex G-150, the specific antigenic
      component could be separated from the nonspecific component(s) in QPA.

PMID- 164562
TI  - Feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. II. Antibody titers in
      healthy cats from household and laboratory colony environments.
AB  - Antibody titers to the feline oncornavirusassociated cell membrane antigen
      (FOCMA) were determined for 447 healthy cats from laboratory colony and household
      environments. Only 2.7 percent of 221 cats from colony environments were antibody
      positive as compared to 50.4 percent of 256 cats from household environments.
      Incidence of FOCMA antibody and geometric mean antibody titer for pet cats from
      New York City representing single cat apartment habitats were substantially lower
      than values for unscreened cats from the Boston, Glasgow, and Detroit suburban
      environments. Geometric mean antibody titer for young adults in the Boston
      population was significantly higher than titers for kittens or aged cats. This
      may be due to greater mobility resulting in increased exposure to other cats. In
      contrast to the high frequency of FOCMA antibody positivity in pet-cat
      populations, less than 2 percent of the same groups were positive for virus group
      specific antigen in peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets. This was
      interpreted as an indication that many more cats became infected with feline
      leukemia virus under natural conditions that the number developing persistent
      virus infection and/or clinical leukemia.

PMID- 164563
TI  - Feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. III. Antibody titers in
      cats from leukemia cluster households.
AB  - Serum samples from 182 healthy cats residing in environments known to have a
      natural exposure to feline leukemia virus (FeLV) were examined for the presence
      of antibody to the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. The
      number included 138 cats from leukemia-"cluster" households. Such cats previously
      showed greatly increased frequencies of FeLV infection, as determined by the
      virus group-specific antigen (gasa) in peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets.
      The geometric mean antibody titer for all 182 cats with known exposure to FeLV
      was 4.69, more than four times higher than the mean titer for healthy pet cats
      from the same geographic areas but with no known FeLV exposure. About 92 percent
      of the cats in exposure environments were positive for FeLV gsa or feline
      oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) antibody, and gsa-positive
      cats had lower FOCMA antibody geometric mean titers than gsa-negative cats. In
      the exposure environments, no differences were seen for cats of different sexes,
      but a higher geometric mean antibody titer was observed for cats 5 years and over
      when compared to younger groups. These results prove that previous reports of
      increased incidences of leukemia in cluster households were not due to chance
      alone, but rather to increased infection rates of cats in the FeLV environment.
      Also, they suggest that horizontal transmission of FeLV is highly efficient under
      crowded conditions, and that most cats naturally exposed to virus elicit an
      active immune response.

PMID- 164564
TI  - Infection of capuchin monkeys (Cebus albifrons) with Herpesvirus saimiri.
AB  - Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) induced persistent, clinically inapparent infections of
      long-term duration in capuchin monkeys (Cebus albifrons). The infections were
      characterized by development of antibody to HVS-associated antigens and recovery
      of low levels of virus-genome-carrying lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.
      Peripheral lymphocyte counts remained in low-normal to normal ranges and no
      physical signs of lymphoma were evident. Prednisolone treatment caused
      immunosuppression in one monkey; this was accompanied by a progressive loss of
      humoral antibody to HVS-associated antigens, but neoplastic disease did not
      develop.

PMID- 164565
TI  - Depression in lymphocyte response to general mitogens by owl monkeys infected
      with Herpesvirus saimiri.
AB  - The effect of Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) infection on the response of owl monkey
      lymphocytes to general mitogens was examined during the development of neoplastic
      disease. The reactivity of the lymphocytes was then correlated with the clinical
      condition of the infected monkeys and the content of virus rescued from the
      peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Eight monkeys developed lymphoma which, in
      six monkeys, was accompanied by lymphocytic leukemia. All animals that died of
      HVS-induced neoplasia consistently showed a lack of mitogenic response to
      phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. The response to pokeweed mitogen, while
      always reduced, was generally less markedly affected than the response to the
      other two mitogens. Lymphocytes from five of the leukemic animals demonstrated an
      elevated level of spontaneous DNA synthesis in culture late in the disease. This
      increased spontaneous DNA synthesis tended to correlate with the rescue of HVS
      from the PBL as demonstrated by the infective center assay. Although mitogenic
      hyporesponsiveness corresponded with HVS rescue from PBL in six of nine monkeys,
      the impairment of normal lymphocyte responsiveness sometimes preceded virus
      recovery.

PMID- 164566
TI  - Effect of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunization in marmosets infected
      experimentally with Herpesvirus saimiri.
AB  - Eight white-lipped marmosets immunized with BCG and 3 sham-immunized marmosets
      were studied after inoculation with Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS). BCG immunization
      had no significant influence on the incidence of infection by HVS, incidence of
      fatal malignant lymphoma, time of leukemia onset, development or titer of HVS
      antibodies, or average survival time. One BCG-immunized, HVS-infected marmoset
      failed to develop malignant lymphoma, whereas the remaining 10 HVS-infected
      marmosets died of malignant lymphoma. Prolonged survival occurred also in 1
      marmoset immunized with BCG 100 days after HVS inoculation. The development and
      disappearance of lymphocyte reactivity to tuberculin were followed in 4 BCG
      immunized marmosets.

PMID- 164567
TI  - Virus expression and immunoprophylaxis of a murine lymphoma.
AB  - CBA mice tested with a rapidly lethal transplanted lymphoma could survive
      challenge when pretreated with allogeneic lymphoma cells or other material
      expressing murine leukemia virus (MuLV). Protection resulted when recipients were
      given injections of AKR and C3H transplanted lymphomas or selected normal AKR and
      SJL tissues, filtrates of which give positive assays for MuLV by in vitro and/or
      in vivo tests. There was no protection when recipients were given injections of
      C3H lymphomas or C3H normal tissues that failed to have positive assays for
      virus.

PMID- 164569
TI  - Aberrant viruses in cells infected with murine sarcoma virus-feline leukemia
      virus.
AB  - This study describes an unusual type of virus seen when a feline leukemia virus
      (FeLV) pseudotype of murine sarcoma virus (MuSV) obtained by cocentrifugation
      procedures infected feline embryo cells (FEF) and two Crandell cat cell lines
      (CrFK1, CrFK2). When all three cell cultures were infected with MuSV-FeLV, only
      FEF and CrFK2 were transformed and only these showed normal and aberrant virus.
      The CrFK1 infected with MuSV-FeLV did not transform but did replicate normal type
      C virus with a 50-A intermediate coat. The virus replicated in the two
      transformed lines showed three particles; a normal particle with a 50-A
      intermediate coat, a normal particle with a 100-A intermediate coat, and an
      aberrant particle with a 100-A intermediate coat.

PMID- 164568
TI  - Antitumor activity of bacterial infection. II. effect of Listeria monocytogenes
      on growth of a guinea pig hepatoma.
AB  - Growth of a guinea pig hepatoma was suppressed when tumor cells were mixed with
      viable Listeria monocytogenes (LM) before intradermal (id) injection into
      syngeneic recipients. Heat-killed LM were less effective than viable organisms in
      suppressing tumor growth. A vaccine containing oil droplets and LM cell walls
      lacked antitumor activity. Intratumor injection of viable LM on the 7th day after
      id injection of tumor cells prolonged survival of guinea pigs that did not
      succumb to LM infection. After intratumor injection of 0.6 times 10-8-1.0 times
      10-8 LM, 5 of 22 guinea pigs died from acute infection (23 percent). In the 17
      survivors, 3 tumors regressed completely (18 percent). Animals surviving
      injections of LM and tumor cells were immune to a second challenge with tumor
      cells. Immunization ofguinea pigs with an intravenous injection of LM decreased
      the mortality from intratumor injection of LM, but the intratumor injection of LM
      failed to cure a significant fraction of LM-immune animals bearing 7-day hepatoma
      transplants. BCG was more effective than LM in producing tumor regression.
      Synergism between LM and BCG was not observed, and simultaneous intratumor
      injection of BCG and LM was no more effective than intratumor injection of BCG
      alone in the treatment of 12-day tumor transplants.

PMID- 164570
TI  - Moloney sarcoma virus-induced tumors in athymic (nude) mice: growth pattern and
      antibody responses.
AB  - Tumor growth and antibody production were evaluated in nude (nu/nu) mice and
      their heterozygous normal (+/nu) littermates after inoculation of Moloney sarcoma
      virus (MSV). Sarcoma-bearing nude mice developed progressively growing tumors,
      whereas 53 percent of their normal counterparts showed tumor regressions. By
      indirect membrane fluorescence, significant amounts of IgG antibody to MSV could
      be detected in thymus-bearing but not in nude mice.

PMID- 164571
TI  - Antibiotics and gram-negative bacteremia.

PMID- 164572
TI  - Letter: Institutionalized mental patients.

PMID- 164573
TI  - Mysticism lost.

PMID- 164574
TI  - [Cyclic AMP in the myocardium. (1) Cyclic AMP in various organs in normal dogs].

PMID- 164575
TI  - [Proceedings: Study of myocardial metabolism using electron spin resonance.(11).
      Effect of atrial pacing on myocardial free radical metabolism in experimental
      myocardial infarct in dogs].

PMID- 164577
TI  - Experimental study of the development of liver cell carcinoma. Role of histamine
      in chronic liver injury.

PMID- 164576
TI  - Intercurrent cytomegalovirus colitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Acute intercurrent CMV colitis developed in a patient with UC who was receiving
      prednisone.  CMV infection was suggested by light and electron microscopic study
      of a rectal biopsy taken during the acute episode and was confirmed by serology
      done nine months later.  The microscopic studies of plastic-embedded tissues
      demonstrated that infected cells were concentrated in a subendothelial location
      and were presumably macrophages.  Epithelial and endothelial cells were not
      involved.  Steroid therapy and the inflammation and repair process (granulartion
      tissue) of active UC may have predisposed the present patient to CMV colitis. 
      CMV infection has been reported to be more common in patients with UC than in the
      general population.  Detection of CMV colitis in patients with UC could be of
      special importance since alteration of immunosuppressive therapy may be
      indicated.

PMID- 164578
TI  - Renal action of cholera toxin: II. Effects on adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP
      system.
AB  - The effects of cholera toxin (CT) on the adenylate cyclase-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cAMP) system(s) in renal cortex were examined using the isolated
      renal cortical tubules of rat. Unlike parathyroid hormone, catecholamines or
      prostaglandins, CT had no immediate effects on cAMP production by the tubules or
      on adenylate cyclase activity. However, after 30 min of incubation at 37 C, cAMP
      production by the tubules started to rise and reached a plateau between 60 and 90
      min. This rise in cAMP production was not abolished by protein synthesis
      inhibitors (actinomycin D and cycloheximide) nor by the inhibitors of
      prostaglandin synthesis (acetyl-salicylate and indomethacin). Repeated washings
      of the tubules exposed to the toxin for five minutes at 0 or 37 C did not abolish
      the effect of CT to stimulate cAMP production. Assays of adenylate cyclase
      activity using homogenates prepared from isolated tubules which were incubated
      for 60 min with CT revealed an increase in the basal adenylate cyclase activity
      without any change in NaF-sensitive enzyme activity. It is concluded that CT
      binds to renal tubule cells rapidly, possibly through energy-independent process.
      CT stimulates adenylate cyclase activity and increases cAMP production by the
      renal tubule cells after a latent period of 30 min. The stimulatory effects of CT
      are not due to new protein synthesis or prostaglandin formation.

PMID- 164579
TI  - Effect of hypotonicity on cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation and action in
      vasopressin target cells.
AB  - We have shown previously that overhydration of toads renders their urinary
      bladders less responsive to the antidiuretic action of vasopressin (AVP). The
      present study investigates the relationship between osmotic swelling of
      vasopressin target cells and their sensitivity to AVP and dibutyryl cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP). Conditions which engender osmotic swelling of
      toad bladder epithelial cells, such as immersing bladders on both surfaces in
      hypotonic Ringer's fluid or subjecting them to a net mucosal-to-serosal volume
      flux, markedly inhibited the effectiveness of db-cAMP in raising bladder
      permeability to water. This inhibitory phenomenon was seen both with serosal and
      mucosal applications of the nucleotide. Examination of isolated epithelial cells
      by phase contrast microscopy showed them to behave as osmometers, doubling their
      volume as the effective osmolality of the incubation medium was halved. AVP was
      found to increase the total content of cAMP about 3.5-fold both in the swollen
      and the normal cells, so that the actual concentration of cAMP may have
      diminished as the cell volume increased. Consistent with this suggestion was the
      observation that increasing exogenous db-cAMP abolished, in part, the inhibitory
      effects of hypotonicity. These observations indicate that homeostasis of body
      fluids in the toad depends in part upon the osmotic regulation of anti-diuretic
      homone action, and that intracellular cAMP may participate in coupling changes in
      cell volume to the altered state of responsiveness of the vasopressin target
      cell.

PMID- 164581
TI  - [Age-dependent biochemical studies on the extrarenal effect of furosemid
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The present study investigated the activities of lysosomal enzymes of the liver
      after administration of Furosemid. 10 weeks and 1-year old male albino rats were
      treated with 40 mg Furosemid for 4 subsequent days. According to the method
      devised by de Duve a sediment rich in lysosomes was produced by fractionated
      centrifugation and subsequently the enzyme activity of beta-glucuronidase, beta
      acetylglucosaminidase, cathepsin D and a collagenolytic enzyme was measured in
      the sediment as well as in the corresponding lysosomal supernatant. The protein
      content served as a reference for the enzyme activities. In addition, we
      investigated the activities of cytoplasmic enzymes such as GOT, GPT, gamma-GT and
      the alkaline phosphatase. The enzyme activity changes were age-dependent. With
      Furosemid treatment the activities of beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin D
      increased in the lysosomal supernatant and the lysosomal sediment of the 1-year
      old rats, whereas the activities of the collagenolytic enzyme increased in the
      lysosomal sediment of the same group. In the lysosomal sediment of the 10-weeks
      old rats a decrease of beta-glucuronidase, beta-acetylglucosaminidase and
      cathepsin D was observed. These results are discussed in the light of reports
      from the literature.

PMID- 164583
TI  - [Immunization schedule].

PMID- 164582
TI  - [Gas exchange and blood indices in thyroid gland dysfunction].
AB  - An exposure of intact rats to a hyperoxic atmosphere of 2 atm for one hour a day
      during 20 days induced no changes in the gas exchange or hemoglobin and red blood
      cells content. The concentration of free radicals tended to decline.
      Thyroidectomized rats kept in a normoxic atmosphere showed anemia and gas
      exchange decrease. The concentration of free radicals in the tissues declined
      slightly. These parameters returned to the norm after the hyperoxybaric exposure.
      During a normoxic exposure thyroxine injections accelerated gas exchange,
      producing no significant changes in the red blood composition. The free-radical
      activity tended to increase. After a hyperoxybaric exposure similar changes took
      place.

PMID- 164584
TI  - [Nursing-theapeautic measures in the treatment of tetanus].

PMID- 164585
TI  - [Proposal for a new professional image: community health nurse].

PMID- 164586
TI  - [Subordinate to man or partnership of sexes].

PMID- 164587
TI  - [Menopause in men too?].

PMID- 164588
TI  - [Worldwide increase in veneral diseases].

PMID- 164589
TI  - Short term culture of dissociated rat submandibular gland cells.
AB  - Submandibular glands of 4-week-old rats were dissociated by a procedure involving
      digestions with collagenase and hyaluronidase, chelation with
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and mechanical force. The isolated cells were
      purified by centrifugation in a Ficoli solution and were maintained in culture
      for 36 hours. On the basis of trypan blue exclusions, about 70 per cent of the 
      dissociated cells were viable. Electron microscopic observations indicated that
      the isolated acinar cells and intercalated and striated duct cells retained their
      essential in situ ultrastructural characteristics. During a 36-hour culture
      period the number of viable cells declined to about 40 per cent, and the various
      cell types formed mixed aggregates. The ultrastructural features of the
      intercalated and duct cells changed relatively little, but the acinar cells
      revealed several structural alterations. These included a decrease in the number
      of the secretory granules, fusions of the secretory granules, and an increase in
      the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. In general, the polarity of acinar
      cells became less distinct. The endogenous peroxidase activity in the acinar
      cells gradually diminished during the culture. Isoproterenol when added to the
      cultured cells failed to stimulate the incorporation of radioactive thymidine or
      the discharge of the secretory material from the acinar cells.

PMID- 164590
TI  - Dissociation of rat parotid gland.
AB  - Rat parotid gland was dissociated by sequential collagenase and hyaluronidase
      digestions, chelation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and mild shearing
      force to yield predominantly single cells. The isolated acinar cells retained
      their morphologic characteristics and their amylase activity. The functional
      integrity of the isolated cells was assessed by measuring their secretory
      response to isoproterenol, epinephrine, and carbamylcholine and by their ability
      to incorporate radioactively labeled leucine and thymidine. The discharge of
      amylase from the dissociated cells was not effected by isoproterenol or
      norepinephrine and the response to carbamylcholine was minimal. The data indicate
      a destruction or perturbation of hormone receptors during the dissociation
      procedure. The maintenance of the cells in culture for up to 18 hours failed to
      restore the responsiveness of the isolated parotid gland acinar cells to
      isoproterenol. The isolated cells incorporated 14C-leucine into proteins at a
      linear rate between 30 and 180 minutes. Chromatographic and electrophoretic
      profiles of newly synthesized proteins indicated that all major proteins
      synthesized in vivo were also synthesized by the isolated cells. The isolated
      cells incorporated tritiated thymidine into DNA. Furthermore, stimulation of DNA
      synthesis by isoproterenol in vivo was reflected by a higher rate of thymidine
      incorporation by the isolated cells as compared with controls. The dissociated
      parotid gland cells offer a convenient system for studying various cellular
      processes, particularly the synthesis of macromolecules with high specific
      activity. However, some functions, notably the response to beta- adrenergic
      agonists, are lost during the dissociation procedure.

PMID- 164591
TI  - Filamentous protein model for cyclic AMP-mediated cell regulatory mechanisms.

PMID- 164592
TI  - Gene regulation in mammalian cells: a model for the interaction of steroids and
      3',5'-cyclic AMP.

PMID- 164593
TI  - [Primary hyperparathyroidism. Diagnosis--surgery--results].

PMID- 164594
TI  - Viruses: causative agents of cancer.
AB  - Evidence accumulated over a period of 60 years has clearly established that a
      number of different viruses cause neoplasia (of a broad spectrum) amongst a
      variety of animals. Although it is known that viruses do produce self-limiting
      proliferative human diseases, complete verification of a human viral carcinogen
      remains to be provided. This paper presents an overview of the conceptual and
      practical tools for the detection of tumor viruses, which have derived from
      experimental model systems. It indicates how these are being applied to studies
      of human malignant disease, with special reference to assessing a possible viral
      etiology for laryngeal cancer.

PMID- 164595
TI  - Preovulatory changes of ovarian cyclic AMP in the rat.

PMID- 164596
TI  - Aspirin inhibits a murine viral infection.

PMID- 164580
TI  - [Carcinofetal antigens. I. alpha-fetoprotein (author's transl)].
AB  - Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an alpha1-glycoprotein (M.W. about 65000) appearing in
      the fetal serum of most mammals including man during the early stages of
      pregnancy; 4 weeks after birth it disappears altogether or exists at very low
      concentrations as in the normal adult. AFP is formed in the yolk sac, the fetal
      liver and the gastro-intestinal tract. One of its physiological functions in
      fetal life is supposed to be the protection of the fetus from maternal oestrogens
      (oestrophilic property). The clinical significance of AFP is based on the regular
      and increasing production in primary liver cell carcinoma, less frequently in
      teratogenetic tumors where it serves as a control of therapy and course of the
      disease. Less frequent, minor and temporary increases in the AFP serum level
      occur in several primary tumors with secondary liver involvement, and in
      inflammatory gastro-intestinal diseases, e.g. of the liver (hepatitis,
      cirrhosis). AFP has an increasing importance in gynecology (gestational age,
      fetal distress syndrom, malformations, hydatidiform mole/chorion carcinoma). The
      physico-chemical properties of AFP are widely known. Both fetal and tumor AFP
      appear to be immunologically and biochemically identical, as are that of tissue
      and biological fluids. The differences observed (variants, microheterogeneity)
      depend mainly on the different content of sialic acid. An antigenetic
      relationship exists, between the AFP of most species. The immunodiffusion
      (Ouchterlony) is the most frequently used but relatively insensitive test (1-5
      mug/ml) in finding AFP, whereas the radioimmunoassay is the most sensitive one
      (up to 0,25 ng/ml) and permits the determination of normal serum levels in adults
      (below 20 ng/ml). The serum concentration in healthy pregnant women lies up to
      500 ng/ml, in patients with hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and other liver diseases
      mostly under 3 mug/ml, whereas in those with primary liver cell carcinoma levels
      up to and above 600 mg-percent have been found.

PMID- 164597
TI  - Amino acid transport and turnover of a transport system in liver slices from rats
      treated with glucagon and antibiotics.

PMID- 164598
TI  - Effect of morphine sulfate on adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities
      in rat corpus striatum.

PMID- 164599
TI  - Development of hyperbetalipoproteinemia in pigs fed atherogenic diet.
AB  - Hormel miniature pigs were studied over a period of 24 weeks to observe the
      changes in serum lipoprotein pattern, cholesteryl ester, free cholesterol, and
      triglyceride in the atherogenic-fed pigs. These pigs were compared to age-related
      control animals in our breeding herd. Pigs fed the atherogenic diet (20% tallow,
      3% cholesterol, and a bile supplement) exhibited a heterogeneous response but
      showed mean increases in cholesteryl ester (571 mg/dl) and free cholesterol (226
      mg/dl), a slight increase in triglyceride (58 mg/dl), and a severe
      hyperbetalipoproteinemia. Three animals with the highest cholesteryl ester (all
      above 600 mg/dl) had resolvable beta components in their 1.006 g/ml very low
      density lipoprotein fraction (type III), as well as huge increases in the Sf 12
      20 low density lipoprotein fraction. The other four animals had substantial
      increases in Sf 0-20, and the three highest had much of their low density
      lipoprotein in the Sf 12-20, or "remnant" fraction. The test pigs all showed
      gross lesions in the aorta with an increase in cholesteryl ester and free
      cholesterol in the tissue as compared with control animals.

PMID- 164600
TI  - [Cancer after-care: cooperation between general practice and the hospital].

PMID- 164601
TI  - [Iodization disorders in endemic goiter in South Baden].

PMID- 164602
TI  - Determination of the positional distribution of fatty acids in glycerolipids.

PMID- 164603
TI  - Chromatography on lipophilic Sephadex.

PMID- 164604
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of neutral glycosphingolipids.

PMID- 164605
TI  - Separation of sphingosine bases by chromatography on columns of silica gel.

PMID- 164606
TI  - Chemical synthesis of choline-labeled lecithins and sphingomyelins.

PMID- 164607
TI  - Isolation of free brown and white fat cells.

PMID- 164608
TI  - Isolation, purification, and metabolic characteristics of rat liver hepatocytes.

PMID- 164609
TI  - Chromatin protein kinases.

PMID- 164610
TI  - Techniques for the study of hormone effect on collagens.

PMID- 164611
TI  - Isolation of template active and inactive regions of chromatin.

PMID- 164612
TI  - [Comparison of in vitro activity of ciclacillin and other penicilline(author's
      transl)].

PMID- 164613
TI  - [The situation of suicide prevention (author's transl)].
AB  - Suicide research has always been especially concerned with the social
      connections. Its results however have not been sufficiently used for the benefit
      of suicide prevention. Suicide prevention is linked to a somatically oriented
      medicine, which is not able to provide with an after care program. To show the
      present status of practical suicide prevention, an investigation was carried out
      in Hanover, the result of which postulates for an intesification of social
      services and psychiatric consulting services; it also demands a support of
      counseling services by telephone, special information about the possibilities of
      suicide prevention, and the initiation of suicide prevention centers in big
      towns, that work with an inter-disciplinary staff.

PMID- 164614
TI  - [Serum lipids and serum lipoproteins in liver diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 164615
TI  - [On the diagnosis of intrauterine infections with cytomegalo- and rubella virus
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 164616
TI  - [Synthetic depot-ACTH, plasmacortisol levels, and asthmatic syndrome (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Plasmacortisol levels were measured in 33 patients with asthmatic syndrome before
      and after they received treatment with 6 mg of depot-ACTH (Tetracosactid) over
      seven days. 75 percent of the patients showed improved VC and FEF after therapy.
      This effect was not in any way correlated to the basal level of cortisol, nor to
      the increment during treatment.

PMID- 164617
TI  - Selective inhibition of the replication of herpes simplex virus by 5-halogenated
      analogues of deoxycytidine.

PMID- 164618
TI  - Characteristics of the amino acid receptor site mediating formation of cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in mammalian brains.

PMID- 164619
TI  - The mechanism of lipid-binding by plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - In this article, we review the current state of knowledge about the structure of
      human plasma high density lipoproteins. Recent advances in this field, including
      amino acid sequencing and lipid-binding studies, suggest that the plasma
      lipoproteins have specific sites with special structural features that account
      for their ability to bind and transport lipid. A hypothesis which describes the
      structure of these lipid-binding sites and their interaction with lipid is
      presented.

PMID- 164622
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoma - a report on 1000 cases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - One thousand cases of bronchial carcinoma, which had been treated in the
      Chirurgische Universitatsklinik Erlangen in 17 years, are reported. 63,2% were
      either primarily inoperable or found to be so after an exploratory laparotomy;
      Only 32,4% of all patients were admitted in the first 3 months, 17,6% after more
      than 12 months, Squamous epithelial carcinoma was the most frequent histological
      type (51,2%), then came small cell carcinoma (16,4%), dedifferentiated carcinoma
      (5,1%) and adenocarcinoma (4,1%). The best results of operative treatment were
      obtained with lobectomy in Stage I with a five year survival rate of 45%. In
      Stage II, pneumonectomy is the satisfactory operation (no five year cure with
      lobectomy, but 25,2% with pneumonectomy). Exploratory thoracotomy does not
      shorten the life expectancy and it should therefore be performed in doubtful
      cases.

PMID- 164620
TI  - Adaptive character of liver glucokinase.
AB  - 1. Glucokinase is one of four glucose phosphorylating enzymes present in rat
      liver. Its distinctive features are a high K-m for glucose (high-K-m isozyme) and
      a rather narrow substrate specificity. In contrast, the other three enzymes,
      collectively called hexokinases or low-K-m isozymes, exhibit low K-m values for
      glucose and a wider substrate specificity. 2. Glucokinase is present in the liver
      os mammals (with some exceptions), amphibians and lower reptiles; It is absent
      from higher reptiles and birds. The presence or absence of glucokinase may
      represent an evolutionary adaptation to feeding habits and other physiological
      peculiarities. Differences in the immunological behavior and in the kinetic
      parameters of glucokinases from different taxa suggest the operation of divergent
      evolution. 3. The levels of glucokinase in rat liver depend strictly on the
      supply of carbohydrate in the diet. Glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen
      synthetase behave similarly, whereas other carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes
      depend on the provision of either protein or protein plus carbohydrate.
      Glucokinase decays with a half-life of 33 hr when rats are starved or fed a
      carbohydrate-free diet, and is induced by the administration of glucose. The
      adaptive character is not exhibited by all mammals, indicating evolutionary
      discrimination within the same class and even within the same single order
      Rodentia. Enzyme adaptation in the liver may partially explain the condition
      known as 'hunger diabetes'. 4. The endocrine system plays a paramount role in
      glucokinase adaptation, since insulin is essential for glucose-dependent
      glucokinase induction and, on the other hand, glucagon, catecholamines and cyclic
      AMP prevent the induction. Glucocorticoids and some pituitary hormones modulate
      the rate of induction. The mechanisms underlying the hormonal regulation of
      glucokinase levels are not well known. 5. The variations in liver glucokinase
      correspond to changes in the amount of enzyme protein as assessed by
      immunochemical titration. This fact agrees with the effects of inhibitors of
      protein synthesis on glucokinase induction. 6. An antiserum against rat
      glucokinase reacts with the enzyme from mammals and turtles but not with the
      amphibian enzyme. It does not react with low-K-m hexokinases from different
      sources. 7. The saturation function for glucose is sigmoidal in mammalian and
      amphibian glucokinases but not in glucokinase from lower reptiles. The Hill's
      coefficient is very constant with values about 1.6. The K0.5 (concentration for
      half saturation) values in the different species studied vary between 1.5 and 8
      mM. These kinetic parameters may be considered as another adaptive feature aimed
      to give maximal efficiency to the liver uptake of glucose at the changeable
      concentrations in the blood resulting from variations in the amount of dietary
      glucose.

PMID- 164621
TI  - [Results of a nine-year phenylketonuria (PKU) screening (author's transl)].
AB  - The percentage of children in Nordrhein-Westfalen who were tested for PKU free of
      charge and on a voluntary basis rose from 25.3% (1966) to 99.5% (1973). Among
      1,431,999 newly born children, 262 children with suspected PKU were found, 225 of
      them diagnosed early and 37 late, 181 with "typical" and 81 with "atypical" PKU.
      Most of 102 children with late diagnosed PKU had an I.Q. of 80-50 or less, while
      in 95 children treated early, it was over 91 in 80% and below 90 in only 20%.
      There was a statistically highly significant difference in the I.Q. distribution
      between patients diagnosed early and those diagnosed late, while the mental
      development of phenylketonuria patients treated early was not different from that
      of a homogenous population group under the same conditions. After extending the
      test program in 1966, 1 maple syrup urine disease, 3 homocystinurias, 3
      galactosemias and 1 galactokinase deficiency were found in addition to PKU.

PMID- 164623
TI  - [The importance of estrogen receptors in the pharmacotherapy of mammary carcinoma
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The physiological effect of estrogens on the estrogen-dependent target organs is
      mediated by estrogen receptors which are present in the cytoplasm of estrogen
      sensitive cells. By determining the estrogen receptors in mammary carcinoma
      tissue, information may be obtained on the susceptibility of the tumor concerned
      to hormones. As a novel pharmacological principle, the anti-estrogens are able to
      blockade the hormonal effect of endogenous estrogens on the tissue of the mammary
      carcinoma. Possible relationships between prolactin and mammary carcinoma become
      apparent. From the pharmacologist's point of view, these questions are of
      particular importance in relation to the possibility of predisposition to mammary
      carcinoma through treatment with reserpine, which is at present under discussion.

PMID- 164625
TI  - Initiation of thyroid-hormone action.

PMID- 164626
TI  - Editorial: Neuropathy in uremic patients on dialysis.

PMID- 164624
TI  - Comparative analysis of deletion and base-change mutabilities of Escherichia coli
      B strains differing in DNA repair capacity (wild-type, uvrA-, polA-, recA-) by
      various mutagens.
AB  - Dose-response curves were compared for deletions [ColBR (resistant to colicin B)
      mutations being more than 80% deletions] and base changes (reversion of argFam to
      prototrophy argplus) induced in the same set of E. coli strains (wild-type for
      DNA repair, uvrA-, polA- and recA-) by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      (NTG), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), hydroxylamine (HA), 4-nitroquinoline I-oxide
      (4NQO), mitomycin C (MTC, UV and X-rays. All these agents induced deletions as
      well as base changes in the wild-type strain. Thus chemical mutagenesis differed
      in E. coli and bacteriophages in vitro, for HA, NTG, EMS and perhaps UV produced
      only point mutations in phage Tr. The patterns of deletion and base-change
      mutability in E. coli were surprisingly similar. (I) The recombination less recA-
      strain was mutable by only three (NTG, EMS, HA) of the seven mutagens for either
      deletions or base changes. (2) The uvrA- strain, unable to excise pyrimidine
      dimers, was very highly mutable by 4NQO and UV but immutable by MTC for both
      deletions and base changes. (3) The polA- strain, defective in DNA polymerase I
      due to a non-suppressible mutation, was very highly mutable by HA and highly
      mutable by MTC and 4NQO for both deletions and base changes but was highly
      mutable only for deletions by UV and X-rays, remaining normally mutable by the
      other agents for both deletions and base changes despite its high sensitivity to
      their inactivating action. We conclude that errors in the recA-dependent repair
      of induced DNA damage (after 4NQO, MTC, UV and X-rays) or errors in replication
      enhanced by damage to the replication system or to the template strands (after
      NTG, EMS, and HA) give rise to deletions as well as to base changes. From a
      comparative analysis of 14 dose-response curves for deletions and base changes,
      we conclude that the order of mutagenic efficiency relative to killing is (EMS,
      NTG) greater than (UV, 4NQO) greater than HA greater than (X-rays, MTC), and that
      X-rays, 4NQO, HA and MTC induce more ColBR deletions than Argplus base changes,
      whereas UV and EMS induce ColBR deletions and Argplus base changes at nearly
      equal rates and the specificity of NTG is intermediate between these two types.

PMID- 164627
TI  - Viral hepatitis, type A. Identification by specific complement fixation and
      immune adherence tests.
AB  - Hepatitis A antibody was detected by specific immune adherence and complement
      fixation tests in a study involving 473 serum specimens from 20 patients who had
      viral hepatitis, Type A. In all 20 patients who had no detectable immune
      adherence antibody (less than 1:5) before onset of hepatitis high levels (greater
      than or equal to 1:1024) developed one to four weeks later, occasionally reaching
      peak levels exceeding greater than or equal to 1:81,920 several months
      thereafter. Five to 10 years later the immune adherence antibody levels ranged
      between 1:640 and 1:20,480. In general, the complement-fixation test was not as
      sensitive or as specific as the immune adherence test. These findings indicate
      that the immune adherence test should be a valuable tool for diagnosis, for
      epidemiologic surveys, for identification of susceptible and immune persons, for
      quantitative assays of gamma globulin and for identification of hepatitis A virus
      in attempts to propagate the virus in cell culture.

PMID- 164628
TI  - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in vegetarians and controls.
AB  - The possible effect of diet on plasma lipids was investigated in a group of
      vegetarians. Seventy-three men and 43 women who had adhered to a vegetarian diet
      for an average of three years were studied in the fasting state and compared with
      a randomly selected group of controls matched for age and sex. Mean cholesterol
      levels in milligrams per deciliter for vegetarians and controls, respectively,
      were 126 and 184; low-density lipoprotein, 73 and 118; very-low-density
      lipoprotein, 11.8 and 17.2; high-density lipoproteins, 42 and 49; and mean
      triglyceride levels 59 and 86. Mean weight and subscapular skinfold thicknesses
      were 58 kg and 6 mm for vegetarians and 73 kg and 17 mm for controls. Similar
      differences in lipid levels were found between subgroups of 42 vegetarians and
      controls with identical mean weights. Multiple regression analyses showed that
      consumption of dairy foods and eggs, but not body weight, was associated with the
      lipoprotein and cholesterol findings.

PMID- 164629
TI  - Paramagnetic species in cataractous human lenses.

PMID- 164630
TI  - New theory for receptor mechanism of carotid body chemoreceptors.

PMID- 164631
TI  - Increase in binding capacity for triiodothyronine in tadpole tail nuclei during
      metamorphosis.

PMID- 164632
TI  - Symmetrical transcription of herpes simplex virus DNA in infected BSC-1 cells.

PMID- 164633
TI  - Conversion of photoexcitation energy in rhodopsin.

PMID- 164634
TI  - Reovirus antibody patterns in dogs: a trial for the application of principal
      component analysis to seroepidemiology.
AB  - In 100 dogs in Morioka and its vicinity serologically surveyed for reovirus
      infection, there were significant correlations between hemagglutination
      inhibiting and neutralizing antibody titers of the same virus types. In order to
      establish a proper index for the evaluation of infection, principal component
      analysis was applied to the analysis of data, including standard immune sera. Of
      nine samples of matrix examined, correlation matrix of 6 variables was suggested
      to afford the most proper result. Essential information from the original data
      was accounted for by factor loadings of the first 3 components. The 6 attributes
      of serum antibody were classified into three groups. In a scatter diagram serum
      samples were classified also into three major groups corresponding to the three
      reovirus types, and the serotypic pattern of infection was clearly visualized.

PMID- 164635
TI  - [Cellular immunity in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple
      sclerosis].

PMID- 164636
TI  - Further studies on ACTH secretion from pituitary grafts in the hypophysiotrophic
      area.
AB  - Resting and stress-induced plasma corticosterone concentrations in adult male
      hypophysectomized rats bearing a pituitary homograft in the hypothalamus were
      determined fluorimetrically. Plasma corticosterone resting levels were maintained
      and a significant elevation of these levels in response to stress occurred only
      in those rats in which the graft was in the medial basal hypothalamus
      (hypophysiotrophic area, HTA) and the implant was connected with the median
      eminence. If these latter connections of the graft in the HTA did not exist,
      resting plasma corticosterone concentrations were reduced and the applied stress
      did not induce any elevation of the low pre-stress levels. On the basis of the
      present and previous findings, it is assumed that the site of CRF production is
      the median eminence region.

PMID- 164637
TI  - Adrenal cortical secretion in response to pilocarpine in dogs with hypothalamic
      lesions.
AB  - Adrenal venous blood samples were collected from conscious and anesthetized dogs
      before and after an injection of pilocarpine and were analyzed for 17
      hydroxycorticosteriods (17-OHCS). In conscious dogs the adrenal 17-OHCS secretion
      rate increased from a pre-injection secretion rate of 0.11 plus or minus 0.014 to
      1.58 plus or minus 0.069 (mean plus or minus SE) mug/kg/min following an
      intravenous injection of pilocarpine (0.3 mg/kg); there was a return to the
      baseline level by 120 min. In anesthetized dogs a marked increase in adrenal 17
      OHCS secretion was also observed, which was completely abolished by
      hypophysectomy A noticeable impairment of the adrenocortical response to
      pilocarpine was found to be produced by radio-frequency-current lesions of the
      anterior median eminence. A partial depression of the response was also observed
      in dogs with the anterior ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. Lesions destroying
      other hypothalamic areas were found to be without significant effect upon the
      adrenal cortical secretory response to pilocarpine.

PMID- 164638
TI  - Gynecologic cancer. Methods of office detection.

PMID- 164639
TI  - Neurologic manifestations in acute leukemia. II. Involvement of cranial nerves
      and hypothalamus.

PMID- 164640
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infection with acute myelocytic leukemia; antiviral (interferon
      and antibody) responses.

PMID- 164641
TI  - Luteomas of pregnancy.
AB  - Since its original description in 1963, the pregnancy luteoma has been a
      controversial entity both clinically and pathologically. The most important
      questions which have been asked are: Is the luteoma a true neoplasm or does it
      represent simply an abnormal response to the hormones of pregnancy? What is the
      relation between the tumor and certain endocrinopathies that are associated with
      these lesions? This study of 20 cases collected from the files of the Emil Novak
      Ovarian Tumor Registry and the Pathology Section of the Baltimore City Hospitals
      directs its attention to these critical clinicopathologic features.

PMID- 164642
TI  - Prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section.
AB  - Using a random selection procedure, 100 patients were evaluated in order to
      determine the value of prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section. All patients
      were evaluated for febrile morbidity, and specific infection sites were recorded.
      Significant differences were found between the treated and control groups and
      between cesarean sections performed prior to the onset of labor and after the
      onset of labor.

PMID- 164643
TI  - Virilization associated with bilateral luteomas of pregnancy.
AB  - A case of maternal virilization associated with bilateral luteomas of pregnancy
      is described. Urinary 17-ketosteroids and plasma testosterone fell from markedly
      abnormal values to normal limits within 2 weeks of delivery. However, symptoms of
      virilization persisted in the postpartum state. A possible relation between
      polycystic ovarian syndrome in the nonpregnant state and luteoma of pregnancy is
      proposed.

PMID- 164644
TI  - A rapid solid-phase radioimmunoassay specific for human chorionic gonadotropin in
      gestational trophoblastic disease.
AB  - A rapid solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) specific for human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) has been used for the measurement of serum hCG activity in
      patients with molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Serum
      hCG regression as determined by the specific RIA method after evacuation of
      uncomplicated molar pregnancy was noted to occur over a longer duration of time
      than previously reported from this Center using a nonspecific RIA system which
      measures human luteinizing hormone (hLH) and hCG simultaneously. Therapy for
      proliferative trophoblastic disease was withheld after evacuation of molar
      pregnancy while the serum hCG level regressed normally, but was instituted when
      the serum hCG level rose or plateaued for more than two consecutive weeks. Serum
      hCG levels in patients requiring chemotherapy for GTD were also more accurately
      monitored with the specific RIA method than with the nonspecific technic. Therapy
      was based solely on the hCG titer rather than the subsidence of toxicity, as has
      been our practice in the past. As a result, the duration of hospitalization,
      total dose of drug required for remission, and toxic side effects were
      substantially reduced without sacrificing the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

PMID- 164645
TI  - [Results of cytomegalic virus research from the viewpoint of the clinician
      (review of the literature)].

PMID- 164646
TI  - [Letter: Hypophosphatasia].

PMID- 164647
TI  - Analysis of homozygous serum alpha1-antitrypsins: effects of neuraminidase.

PMID- 164648
TI  - Thymidine kinase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with Herpesvirus
      hominis encephalitis.
AB  - The rabbit model of Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) encephalitis was utilized to
      determine whether thymidine (TdR) kinase (EC. 2.7.1.2.1), AN EARLY ENZYME IN THe
      HVH replicative cycle, is present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rabbits
      with HVH encephalitis. The mean TdR kinase activity in CSF from infected rabbits
      was 2.30 plus or minus 1.69 pmol product/120 min/100 mul CSF, while the mean TdR
      kinase activity of uninfected CSF was 0.34 plus or minus 0.25. The enzyme
      appeared to be cell associated since the TdR kinase activity in the sedimented
      cell suspension was 5.08 plus or minus 2.93 (seven values) while the supernatant
      activity was 0.14 plus or minus 0.31 (seven values). To allow a comparison of TdR
      kinase from infected rabbit CSF with HVH and rabbit mononuclear cell TdR kinase,
      the mean ratio of TdR kinase activity at pH 6.0/pH 8.0, for infected rabbit CSF
      is intermediate between the ratio for HVH TdR kinase (P less than 0.001) and
      rabbit mononuclear cell TdR kinase (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 164649
TI  - [Lactose-enriched diet in the treatment of vitamin D deficient rickets].

PMID- 164650
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease].

PMID- 164651
TI  - [Present-day views on cytomegalic inclusion disease].

PMID- 164652
TI  - [Participation of cyclic AMP in the electrical activity of the pacemaker].

PMID- 164653
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide metabolism coupled to cytodifferentiation of Blastocladiella
      emersonii.
AB  - Cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP levels during growth and differentiation of B.
      emersonii were measured by use of chemical, biochemical, and immunologic assays.
      Of particular interest was the finding that net synthesis of cyclic GMP occurred
      during a single stage of its life cycle, sporulation, when intracellular levels
      increased 50- to 100-fold in a process requiring protein and RNA synthesis.

PMID- 164654
TI  - Mutant hamster cells exhibiting a pleiotropic effect on carbohydrate metabolism.
AB  - Sixty-seven galactose negative (Gal minus) clones were established from survivors
      after treatment of Chinese hamster lung (V79) cells with 5-bromodeoxyuridine and
      black light. The mutational origin of these clonal isolates was inferred on the
      basis of the previously demonstrated mutagenic action of the combined treatment,
      persistence of the Gal minus phenotype in cell progeny in the absence of
      selection, conditional lethality of three isolates, interallelic complementation,
      and assignment of a homologous human gene to chromosome A2. In contrast to the
      parental cells, Gal minus mutants could not utilize exogenous galactose, mannose,
      fructose, galactose 1-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, or glucose 6-phosphate.
      Permeation of galactose into mutant cells appeared unimpaired. In intra- and
      interspecific cell hybrids, the mutation causing the Gal minus phenotype behaved
      like a recessive character. The pleiotropic nutritional response was due not to
      deficiency of any one specific enzyme in the Leloir pathway but to significant
      reduction in activities of phosphoglucomutase, NADP-dependent isocitrate
      dehydrogenase, and perhaps other enzymes. In temperature-sensitive Gal minus
      mutants grown at permissive temperature or in complementing intra- and
      interspecific cell hybrids, the activities of these enzymes were restored to
      normal levels, accompanied by a regained ability to use the particular hexoses or
      hexose monophosphates. We postulate that the change from Gal + to Gal minus
      phenotype in hamster cells could be due to mutations at a regulatory gene locus,
      or at a yet unknown locus with enzymic defect that causes secondary metabolic
      imbalances.

PMID- 164655
TI  - Demonstration that monocytes rather than lymphocytes are the insulin-binding
      cells in preparations of humah peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes:
      implications for studies of insulin-resistant states in man.
AB  - Insulin receptors have been demonstrated on mononuclear leukocytes prepared by
      centrifugation of buffy coats from normal blood donors on Ficoll-Hypaque
      gradients. The cell type that specifically binds insulin in this mixture of
      lymphocytes and monocytes has never been clearly identified, although it was
      assumed to be the lymphocyte since this cell constitutes about 80% of the
      population. In the present studies, insulin-binding assays were performed on the
      mononuclear leukocyte preparation before and after selective depletion or
      enrichment for monocytes using glass wool or Sephadex G-10 adherence columns. The
      amount of 125-I-labeled insulin specifically bound correlated significantly with
      the number of monocytes but not with the number of B or T lymphocytes.
      Approximately 90% of the specific insulin binding of this preparation could be
      accounted for by its content of monocytes. The amount of binding was unaffected
      by phagocytosis of latex particles or by metabolic inhibitors added to prevent
      endocytosis. Autoradiograms made on smears of whole peripheral blood and
      mononuclear leukocytes demonstrated that all of the cells that bound 125-I
      labeled insulin were large mononulcear cells, 85-90% of which could be identified
      as monocytes by morphological criteria or by the functional criterion of latex
      particle ingestion. Since insulin receptor concentration may be altered in
      disease states in man, it is essential, when using this cell population for
      detecting such changes, to quantitate the number of monocytes in the preparation
      so that the insulin-binding data can be appropriately interpreted.

PMID- 164656
TI  - Colchicine affects kinetics of concanavalin a-mediated agglutination of hepatoma
      cells and plasma membranes from liver and hepatoma cells.
AB  - Concanavalin A-mediated agglutination reactions of hepatoma cells [AH-130F(N)]
      and isolated liver cells, as well as of plasma membranes prepared from the liver
      and hepatoma, were investigated kinetically together with the effect of
      colchicine upon them. Concanavalin A-mediated agglutination of hepatoma cells at
      25 degrees proceeded with biphasic kinetics (first and second stages of
      agglutination), while no appreciable agglutination of liver cells was observed in
      the presence of concanavalin A. The plasma membranes from the liver and hepatoma
      cells were similarly agglutinated with concanavalin A at 25 degrees but not at 0
      degrees. The concanavalin A-mediated membrane agglutination proceeded with
      monophasic kinetics and was incomplete. Colchicine inhibited preferentially the
      second stage of concanavalin A-mediated agglutination of hepatoma cells, but it
      did not affect the concanavalin A-mediated agglutination of plasma membranes of
      both types of cells.

PMID- 164657
TI  - Regulation of development in Myxococcus xanthus: effect of 3':5'-cyclic AMP, ADP,
      and nutrition.
AB  - An assay was developed to study the regulation of fruiting in Myxococcus xanthus.
      The nucleotides, adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and adenosine
      diphosphate (ADP), were found to greatly stimulate fruiting under the assay
      conditions. Very sharp concentration optima were observed. Even under conditions
      of starvation, these nucleotides greatly increased the number of aggregation
      sites. Nutrition was found to influence fruiting body morphology. The effect of
      amino acids on the nucleotide stimulation of fruiting was studied under our assay
      conditions. L-Methionine and L-isoleucine (1 mM) completely blocked either L
      threonine or D,L-diaminopimelic acid synergistically enhanced the amount of
      fruiting in the presence of these nucleotides. The data presented suggest the
      existence of differentiation-related regulatory compounds in M. xanthus.

PMID- 164658
TI  - Contribution of the peptide backbone to the action of oxytocin analogs.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the functional contribution of the
      peptide backbone of oxytocin in its interaction with receptor. Corey-Pauling
      Koltun models of (Gly-7) deaminooxytocin, deaminotocinamide, and their respective
      retro-D-analogs built in any specific conformation (e.g., the Walter-Urry model
      for oxytocin) have a quai-equivalent topochemical arrangement of amino-acid side
      chains; however, the CO and NH elements of the peptide backbone of the retro-D
      analog are reversed. The retro-D-analogs of deaminotocinamide and (Gly-7)
      deaminooxytocin (prepared using D-alle for L-Ile) and their respective N-formyl
      derivatives were assayed for uterotonic activity relative to related L-peptides.
      All retro-D-analogs (tested at concentrations ranging from 10-10 to 10-5 M) were
      devoid of angonistic (or antagonistic) activity in the isolated rat uterus,
      except for the retro-D-(D-alle-3, Gly-7) deaminooxytocinamine, which retains a
      terminal NH-2 group on the tail; the latter is a partial agonist with very low
      affinity. The results obtained with retro-D-analogs indicate that one or more of
      the elements of the peptide backbone of the tocinamide ring are essential for
      "occupation" and "activation" of uterine receptors. Oxytocin action may be the
      resultant of multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions between CO, NH, NH-2, and OH
      groups of the hormone with complementary groups on receptor, made possible by
      appropriate hydrophobic bonding.

PMID- 164659
TI  - Distribution of membrane particles and gap junctions in normal and transformed
      3T3 cells studied in situ, in suspension, and treated with concanavalin A.
AB  - Freeze-fracture techniques were used to study the ultrastructural distribution of
      plasma membrane particles in cultures of normal Balb/c and Swiss 3T3 and simian
      virus 40- or murine sarcoma virus-transformed fibroblasts. No apparent
      differences were observed. Cultures fixed in situ show a seemingly random
      distribution of membrane particles both in normal or in transformed cells.
      Treatment of cell cultures in situ with concanavalin A does not result in an
      altered pattern of particle distribution. EDTA-induced suspension of normal or
      transformed cells does not result, per se, in modification of the type of
      membrane particle distribution seen in cells fixed in situ. However, upon further
      incubation, a proportion of normal or transformed cells in suspension show a
      varying degree of particle aggregation following a network pattern. Concanavalin
      A treatment of normal and transformed cells in suspension does not result in a
      specific change of the pattern of particle distribution. Because it has been
      established that treatment with concanavalin A of simian virus 40-transformed
      Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts causes pronounced clustering of the concanavalin A
      receptors at the outer-surface, our results probably imply independence of
      membrane particles and concanavalin A receptors of these transformed cells.

PMID- 164660
TI  - Simian virus 40-related antigens in three human meningiomas with defined
      chromosome loss.
AB  - Two out of seven meningiomas tested in early cell cultures by indirect
      immunofluorescence staining showed simian virus 40 (SV40)-related tumor (T)
      antigen. In one tumor 90% of the cells were positive. An additional SV40-related
      antigen (U) was found in 10% of cells of a third tumor. These findings indicate
      that the meningioma cells showing a positive reaction are transformed by a papova
      virus that has at least partly the same antigenic properties as SV40 virus. SV40
      related viral capsid (V) antigen was absent in all the meningiomas tested. No
      virus infectious for African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells could be isolated.
      The tumors positive for T and U antigens showed the chromosome aberration typical
      for human meningiomas, i.e., the loss of one chromosome, G-22. The T-antigen
      positive tumors showed further hypodiploidization. Experiments to rescue virus
      from the T-antigen-positive tumors showed further hypodiploidization. Experiments
      to rescue virus from the T-antigen-positive meningioma cells were performed:
      fusion of cells pretreated with 8-azaguanine with cells premissive for SV40 led
      to a low percentage (0.01-0.05%) of V-antigen-positive nuclei in heterokaryon
      cultures. On the basis of these results, the possibility of a correlation between
      the meningioma, a relatively common intracranial tumor in man, and an SV40
      related papova virus must be considered. It remains to be shown whether this
      virus is a causative agent for human meningiomas.

PMID- 164661
TI  - Translation of Rous sarcoma virus RNA in a cell-free system from ascites Krebs II
      cells.
AB  - The template activities of the 60-70S RNA complex and of the 30-40S subunit RNA
      species of Rous sarcoma virus were tested in a cell-free protein-synthesizing
      system from mouse ascites Krebs II cells. Stimulation of protein synthesis over
      the endogenous background was about 2-fold with 30-40S viral RNA and about 1.3
      fold with 60-70S viral RNA as template. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel
      electrophoresis showed that the predominant polypeptide synthesized in vitro in
      response to 30-40S RNA of Rous sarcoma virus had a molecular weight of 75,000
      80,000. This polypeptide could be precipitated by antiserum against the group
      specific antigens of the virus, although its molecular weight is higher than that
      of virion group-specific antigen proteins. Analysis of tryptic digests of the
      protein made in vitro indicates similarity to tryptic digests from authentic
      virion group-specific proteins. It is concluded that part of the RNA from Rous
      sarcoma virus is translated in vitro into a high-molecular-weight protein,
      perhaps a precursor of the virion group-specific proteins.

PMID- 164662
TI  - Viral-related information in oncornavirus-lik particles isolated from cultures of
      marrow cells from leukemic patients in relapse and remission.
AB  - Characterization of ribonucleic acid content of particles released from cultures
      of marrow cells of leukemic patients indicates the presence of RNA molecules of
      size and base sequence characteristic of oncornarviruses. Seventeen marrow
      samples obtained from leukemic patients in relapse or in a chronic phase of the
      disease yielded particles containing high-molecular-weight RNA with a
      sedimentation velocity (about 70 S) similar to that obtained for murine
      oncornavirus RNA. Eight of nine marrow samples from non-leukemic patients did not
      yield detectable high-molecular weight RNA. Among patients in firm hematological
      remission, three of three samples from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
      and three of nine samples from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia were
      positive for high-molecular-weight RNA. The base sequence of the RNA in particles
      was characterized by synthesizing complementary (3-H)DNA in an endogenous
      reaction and hybridizing to excess RNA from known oncornaviruses. Hybridization
      of 40-60% of input complementary DNA to simian sarcoma virus RNA was detected. No
      monology was detected with an avian oncornavirus (Rous sarcoma virus) while an
      intermediate level of homology (10-30%) was detected in hybridization to murine
      sarcoma virus (Kirsten) and murine leukemia viruses (Rauscher, Moloney, and
      Gross).

PMID- 164663
TI  - Fatty acid chain flexibility in the membranes of normal and transformed
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Fatty acid spin labels were used to measure the inherent flexibility of the lipid
      acyl chains in intact cell membranes of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and several
      varieties of transformed 3T3 cells. No significant differences in inherent lipid
      flexibility were detected in the normal and transformed mouse fibroblasts. These
      results are compared with similar results obtained earlier for chick embryo
      fibroblasts. For the cells studied, a difference in the mobility of membrane
      glycoproteins of normal and transformed fibroblasts has either been demonstrated
      directly or inferred from differential agglutinability by other investigations.
      Therefore, a basis for correlating glycoprotein mobility and lipid motion in
      these cells was not found.

PMID- 164664
TI  - Blue dextran-sepharose: an affinity column for the dinucleotide fold in proteins.
AB  - A procedure is described to utilize blue dextran-Sepharose as an affinity
      chromatographic column specific for the super-secondary structure called the
      dinucleotide fold, which forms the binding sites for substrates and effectors on
      a wide range of proteins. The procedure can be used to identify proteins, either
      purified or in crude cellular extracts, that possess the dinucleotide fold and to
      significantly improve the purification procedures for those proteins that possess
      the fold.

PMID- 164665
TI  - Initiation and maintenance of cell transformation by simian virus 40: a viral
      genetic property.
AB  - The transforming ability in 10% serum medium of the temperature-sensitive mutants
      of simian virus 40 in the complementation group III (ts640 type mutants) was
      greatly reduced when the infected rat 3Y1 cells were incubated at the restrictive
      temperature of 40 degrees or incubated first at 40 degrees for 3 days and then
      shifted to the permissive temperature of 33 degrees. Transformation did occur
      efficiently after incubation at 33 degrees or after an initial incubation at 33
      degrees for 5 days followed by a shift to 40 degrees. When growth properties of
      3Y1 cells transformed at 33 degrees by the group III mutants were examined at 40
      degrees, several aspects of the transformed state were rendered temperature
      sensitive. These aspects were the ability of cells to grow in low serum (1.5%)
      medium and to make colonies, in 10% serum medium, on monolayers of untransformed
      3Y1 cells and in soft agar. It is concluded that a simian virus 40 gene (cistron
      III) controls the initiation, as well as at least some aspects of the
      maintenance, of transformation and that the initiation reaction is a more heat
      labile event than the maintenance reaction(s) under the experimental conditions.

PMID- 164666
TI  - Contact inhibition of phagocytosis in epithelial sheets: alterations of cell
      surface properties induced by cell-cell contacts.
AB  - Contact inhibition of phagocytosis was found to be characteristic for epithelial
      sheets formed in cultures by several cell types: normal and transformed mouse
      kidney cells, and differentiated mouse hepatoma cells. In these sheets most
      central cells surrounded by other cells had very low phagocytic activity. In
      contrast, marginal cells having a free edge were able to perform an active
      phagocytosis. Contact inhibition of phagocytosis was absent in dense cultures of
      mouse embryo fibroblasts and in cultures of anaplastic mouse hepatoma 22a. The
      upper surface of epithelial sheets was nonadhesive for prelabeled epithelial
      cells and fibroblasts. In contrast, the upper surface of dense cultures of mouse
      fibroblasts was adhesive for these cells. These and other data strengthen the
      suggestion that contact inhibition of phagocytosis is a result of different
      adhesiveness of the upper cell surface and of the surfaces near the free edge.
      Agents inhibiting cell surface movements at the free edges of marginal epithelial
      cells (cytochalasin, azide, sorbitol, low temperature) prevented adhesion of
      particles to these edges. Possibly, the surface of actively moving cytoplasmic
      processes is the only cell part that has adhesive properties necessary for the
      formation of attachments with other cellular and noncellular surfaces. In
      epithelial sheets, in contrast to fibroblast cultures, Colcemid did not activate
      movements of immobile contacting cell edges. These results indicate that
      mechanisms of contact immobilization of cell surface may be different in
      epithelium and fibroblasts. Firm contacts formed between epithelial cells are
      sufficient for stable immobilization of the surface; additional stabilization of
      the surface by microtubules is not essential. Fibroblasts do not form firm
      contacts and the Colcemid-sensitive stabilization process is essential for
      maintenance of the immobile state of their surfaces. Differences in the stability
      of cell surface immobilization produced by cell-cell contacts may also explain
      different adhesiveness of the upper surfaces of dense fibroblastic and epithelial
      cultures.

PMID- 164667
TI  - Decrease in membrane-associated actin of fibroblasts after transformation by Rous
      sarcoma virus.
AB  - The actin content of membranes prepared from cultured chick embryo fibroblasts
      has been measured on polyacrylamide gels. The actin was identified by tryptic
      peptide mapping. After transformation of the cells by Rous sarcoma virus, the
      amount of actin associated with the membranes is decreased by 30-50%. This result
      is not due to infection per se, since infection by a temperature-sensitive strain
      of the virus decreases membrane-associated actin only at the permissive
      temperature. A shift from the nonpermissive (41 degrees) to the permissive (36
      degrees) temperature results in an increase in the percentage of total cellular
      protein synthesis devoted to actin production, so that the decrease in membrane
      associated actin appears to be a selective displacement from the membrane rather
      than a general decrease in total cellular actin.

PMID- 164669
TI  - A chick-embyo cell microtest for typing of Herpesvirus hominis (38531).
AB  - Oral type 1 and genital type 2 Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) strains demonstrate
      distinctive biological properties in primary chick embryo cells (PCE) cultivated
      in microtest plates. With this procedure four reference strains of known types
      and 106 clinical isolates were differentiated as type 1 or 2. The type 1 strains
      showed low efficiency of infection and either no cytopathic effect (CPE) or only
      an incomplete CPE characterized by uniform thinning of the cell sheet in test
      wells. Type 2 strains had a high efficiency of infection and with CPE
      characterized by patchy plaque-like lesions readily distinguished from CPE of
      type 1 strains. A 96% correlation (27/28) between the PCE microtyping and kinetic
      neutralization tests and a 94% correlation (60/64) between the PCE microtyping
      and immunofluorescence test was obtained. The microplate PCE test is a simple,
      clear-cut, and reliable procedure for the typing of HVH.

PMID- 164668
TI  - Hamster alpha-amanitine-resistant RNA polymerase II able to transcribe polyoma
      virus genome in somatic cell hybrids.
AB  - A hamster cell line resistant to alpha-amanitine has been isolated (alpha-am-r,
      BHK-T6-G-1). Cell extracts of this mutant have an alpha-amanitine-resistant RNA
      polymerase II (nucleosidetriphosphate: RNA nucleotidyl-transferase, EC 2.7.7.6)
      activity as shown by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. This mutation is
      dominant in interspecific hybrids with 3T3 mouse cells. In such hybrids polyoma
      virus can grow with equal efficiency in the presence or absence of the drug, thus
      indicating that the RNA polymerase of the unsusceptible parental cell can
      participate in the correct transcription of the viral genome.

PMID- 164670
TI  - Increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin and red cell mass in normal mice after
      treatment with cyclic AMP  (38543).
AB  - Chronic treatment of normal mice with either dibutyryl cyclic AMP or
      erythropoietin produced elevations in the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration
      and red cell mass when compared to these same hematological parameters in
      untreated mice.  Dibutyryl cyclic AMP increased red cell mass by 46% while ESF
      treatment resulted in a 56% increase in red cell mass.  These studies confirm
      earlier reports of the effects of cyclic AMP in increasing radioactive iron
      incorporation into red cells and further indicate that this change is associated
      with an absolute increase renal cyclic AMP concentrations probably stimulate
      erythropoiesis as a consequence of increased kidney production of erythropoietin.

PMID- 164671
TI  - Binding of human chorionic gonadotropin by rat ovarian slices: dependence on the
      functional state of the ovary (38571).
AB  - Ovarian receptors specific for hCG-LH can be induced by PMSG-ovine LH priming. 
      The marked increase in binding activity was accompanied by a rise in ovarian
      progesterone concentration and preceded by ovarian weight increase. The high
      binding activity of heavily luteinized ovaries was followed by a decline to
      prepriming levels during luteolysis.  The ovarian progesterone content was
      decreased simultaneously and no change in ovarian weight was evident.  The data
      demonstrate that ovarian hCG binding activity undergoes variation which depends
      on the functional state of ovaries.

PMID- 164672
TI  - Influence of altering total body sodium on angiotensin I systemic converting
      activity (38573)
AB  - Studies were carried out in the dog to determine the extent to which alterations
      in total body sodium influence the systemic conversion of angiotensin 1.  When
      the animals were maintained on a high salt diet and DOCA, conversion of
      angiotensin I increased signifcantly and returned to control levels when a normal
      salt diet was provided.  When another group of animals were provided a low salt
      diet and mercuhydrin, angiotensin I conversion decreased significantly, although
      returning the animals to a normal salt diet had no further influence upon
      conversion.  These experiments indicate that there is a direct relationship
      between total body sodium and the systemic conversion angiotensin 1.

PMID- 164673
TI  - Effect of diethylaminoethyl-dextran on the replication of a murine sarcoma
      (Moloney)-leukemia virus complex in mouse embryo cultures (38577).
AB  - Isolates of a sarcoma (Moloney)-leukemia virus complex prepared as cell-free
      extracts from mouse tumors showed no enhancement in infectivity by DEAE-D either
      in the sarcoma moiety measured by focus formation or in the leukemia moiety
      measured by XC cell assay.  The sarcoma moiety was not enhanced by DEAE-D in MEM
      and modified McCoy's 5a media or when varying amounts of FCS and glutamine were
      included in the media.  Progressive enhancement of viral infectivity by DEAE-D
      was found when the viral preparations were passaged serially in MEF cells.  DEAE
      D ALSO ENHANCED TUMOR FORMATION IN VIVO BY TISSUE CULTURE PASSAGED VIRUS.

PMID- 164674
TI  - Physical, chemical and morphologic dimensions of human hepatitis A virus strain
      CR326 (38578).
AB  - CR326 human hepatitis A virus purified by isopycnic banding from infected
      marmoset sera was shown to consist of 27 nm spherical particles on electron
      microscopic examination.  The particles were identified as hepatitis A virus by
      tests for infectivity and by specific neutralization of infectivity with
      convalescent human hepatitis A serum.  Also, indentical 27 nm viruses in liver
      extracts gave specific reactions with hepatitis A antisera when tested by immune
      electron microscopy.  The bouyant density of the virus in CsCl was 1.34 and it
      was heat (60 degrees), ether and acid stable but was destroyed by heat (100
      degrees), formalin (1:4000) and ultraviolet irradiation.  Electron microscopic
      studies of sections of infected marmoset liver showed intracytoplasmic virus
      particles, usually in vesicles.  Presumptive findings for RNA, together with the
      intracytoplasmic location of the virus, indicated the virus to be of RNA-type. 
      The attributes of the virus indicate it is closely related to the enterovirus
      family and not to hepatitis B virus.

PMID- 164675
TI  - Demonstration of feline leukemia virus antibody in cats by passive
      hemagglutination (38583).
AB  - Two FeLV fractions from Sephadex G-150 gel filtration were used to sensitize RBC
      for the PHA test. When the cells were coated with the fraction from the second
      peak consisting mostly of a mojor gs antigen of FeLV, no antibodies could be
      detected either in hyperimmunized cat sera or sera from leukemic cats, whereas
      antibodies were readily detectable in immunized rabbits. Using cells coated with
      the first peak eluants or Tween-ether disrupted FeLV, PHA antibodies were
      detected in cat sera. There existed, however, one significant exception that a
      cat with the diagnosis of mast cell leukemia showed antibody against the second
      peak fraction. Little or no antibodies could be detected in cat sera by CF or gel
      diffusion. There was some correlation between hemagglutinating antibodies and
      conglutinating complement absorbing antibodies, but these antibodies did seem to
      differ from neutralizing antibody.

PMID- 164676
TI  - The renin-angiotensin system in rats made hypertensive by ligation of the kidney
      poles (38584).
AB  - The renin-angiotensin system was studied in experimental renal hypertension
      produced by ligation of the poles of the left kidney followed by contralateral
      nephrectomy.  Plasma renin concentration of renin substrate was lower and that of
      angiotensin I converting enzyme was higher in hypertensive animals. The
      juxtaglomerular index decreased in the medial zone of the kidney, while heavily
      granulated areas appeared in the poles.  Ligated kidneys of rats that remained
      normotensive showed juxtaglomerular indices intermediate between the control and
      the hypertensive rats.  Differences in renal renin content between the groups
      correspond to those for the juxtaglomerular index, but were smaller.  No
      differences between the experimental groups were observed in iso-renin content in
      the brain; however in all animals with ligated  kidney poles, hypertensive or
      normotensive, there was a tendency for iso-renin in the adrenals, left
      ventricular myocardium, and especially aorta to be lower than in controls.

PMID- 164677
TI  - The renin and iso-renin-angiotensin system in rats with experimental pitutary
      tumors (38585).
AB  - Renin, iso-renin, angiotensin I. angiotensin-converting enzyme, and
      angiotensinases were measured in plasma and in various extrarenal tissues of
      rats. Despite complete suppression of plasma renin in rats bearing pituitary
      tumors iso-renin and all other components of the renin-angiotensin system were
      found to be at or above control concentrations. The results strongly suggest that
      there is local synthesis of iso-renin in extrarenal tissues.

PMID- 164678
TI  - Studies on the optimum conditions of extraction of silicon species from plants
      with water. I. Equisetum arvense L. Herb.

PMID- 164679
TI  - Effects of central dopaminergic blockade with primozide upon the EEG stages of
      sleep in man.
AB  - The effect of pimozide, a potent and specific blocker of central dopaminergic
      transmission, upon the sleep of man was studied in six healthy volunteers. Given
      at doses of 1 and 4 mg, which have clear central effects in humand. pimozide
      produced only minor changes in the EEG patterns of sleep. At these doses a slight
      and non-significant decrease in phase I sleep was observed, while phases
      W,II,III,IV and REM were not modified. No differences were noted between drug or
      post-treatment and control nights in total NREM sleep, total REM sleep, number of
      episodes of REM or total number of eye movements. An increase in REM sleep in the
      first REM period in the first drug night were the only statistically significant
      findings. If one accepts that central effects seen in man after pimozide given in
      conditions similar to those of this study are due to dopaminergic blockade, our
      results tend to suggest that dopamine is, at most, of rather minor importance in
      the physiology of sleep in man.

PMID- 164680
TI  - The effect of triazolam on the sleep of insomniacs.
AB  - The effects of three oral doses of bedtime triazolam (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, and 1.0
      mg) a new benzodiazepine, on the laboratory sleep of insomniacs were studied in a
      double blind design which used the following 14 consecutive night schedule: 1-4
      placebo; 5-11 drug; 12-14 placebo. Effects on sleep were measured objectively by
      conventional EEG/EOG/EMG sleep recordings and subjectively by questionnaires
      administered each morning. Side or toxic effects were assessed by screening
      physicals and questionnaires administered each morning and each evening and by a
      comparison of the prestudy vs. end-study physical exams and clinical lab tests.
      At the 0.5 mg dose triazolam significantly reduced several objective and
      subjective measures of insomnia. It had lesser effects at the 0.25 mg dose and
      equal or greater effects at 1.0 mg dose. There were no remarkable side or toxic
      effects at any dose.

PMID- 164681
TI  - Effects of ACTH peptides on memory and brain function.

PMID- 164682
TI  - Free radical formation in pyrimidine derivatives: a study of 5-nitrouracil at 77
      K.

PMID- 164683
TI  - Light microscopic distribution and electron microscopic identification of
      severely damaged cells in x-irradiated oral epithelium in rat.

PMID- 164684
TI  - Effect of cadmium chloride on the radiation response of the adult rat.

PMID- 164685
TI  - [Hepatoma seeded in chronic hepatitis. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 164686
TI  - Quantitative determination of the abnormal lipoprotein of cholestasis, LP-X, in
      liver disease.
AB  - Quantitative determination of the abnormal plasma lipoprotein of cholestasis LP-X
      has been performed in 81 LP-X positive patients with different liver disorders.
      Great variations in the plasma concentration of LP-X were demonstrated both in
      the 45 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis (acute hepatitis, toxic hepatitis,
      primary biliary cirrhosis and cholangitis) and in the 36 patients with
      extrahepatic cholestasis (extrahepatic biliary obstruction by tumours and
      choledocholithiasis). The plasma concentratkons of LP-X in the patients with
      extrahepatic cholestasis (median 158 mg/100 ml) were significantly (psmaller than
      0.001) higher than in the patients with intraphepatic cholestasis (median 25
      mg/100 ml) was exceeded by 42% of the patients with extrahepatic biliary
      obstruction, and 33% of the patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, had
      LP-X LEVELS ABOVE 400 MG/100ML. The plasma concentration of LP-X was
      significantly correlated to the plasma activity of alkaline phosphatases and
      serum bilirubin, but seemed to be superior to these two parameters in the
      differentiation between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis. Plasma levels
      of LP-X above 400 mg/100 ml are highly indicative of extrahepatic biliary
      obstruction.

PMID- 164687
TI  - Benign hepatocellular tumours.

PMID- 164688
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy with 99m Tc pyrophosphate in neurology].
AB  - 99MTc pyrophosphate has restored bone scintigraphy to the position of
      respectability it had lost with radiostrontium 85 and 87m, and it has rapidly
      become the method of choice for the detection of osteogenic hyperactivity. In
      cases of tumor the histologic disorder is frequently detected prior to the
      morphologic changes seen in X-ray pictures. The biophysical properties of 99mTc
      pyrophosphate provide high quality imaging of the skeleton. The scans or
      scintiphotos render possible a more sensitive and earlier diagnosis than
      radiography, though bone scanning does not of course supersede radiography. The
      two methods are complementary. In present day oncologic practice, however, bone
      scintigraphy with 99mTc pyrophosphate replaces to advantage the conventional
      radiographic "bone survey". In neurology the change is already appreciable and
      has proved its worth. In the light of results in 78 neurologic patients attention
      is drawn to the significant changes bone scintigraphy has brought about in
      diagnosis and therapeutic planning. The indications which have already emerged
      from this new method of nuclear neurology are tabulated, discussed and
      illustrated.

PMID- 164689
TI  - [Sclerosis of the intestinal lymphatic vessels].
AB  - Fibrosis of the intestinal lymphatic vessels, produced in one case by
      tuberculosis and, in the other, by appendicitis and peritonitis, caused blockage
      of the main lymphatic vessels causing, clinically, a protein-losing enteropathy
      similar to that noted in congenital lymphatic diseases of childhood. In the
      laboratory, there was noted a fall in serum protein, lipid and cholesterol. A fat
      absorption test was very abnormal showing a flat curve. During laparotomy, there
      was discovered on the small intestine, the same layout of lymph vessels,
      resembling a lace network, as that observed in congenital malformations.
      Intestinal lymphography showed considerable stasis of the opaque substance and
      absence of injection of the lymph vessels in the mesentery.

PMID- 164690
TI  - [Botulism. Therapeutic management. Apropos of 36 cases].
AB  - Botulism is relatively common in the Vienne department as we have observed 36
      cases over a peroid of 7 years. Other French cases, published over the last 10
      years, included 10 to 19 cases in the largest series. In a total of 10 series,
      there were 105 cases. Botulism is caused, in most cases, by eating ham prepared
      on the farm. It gives rise to the usual clinical picture including paralysis of
      accommodation, dysphagia, digestive symptoms with abdominal pain and constipation
      and finally, bladder paralysis. The mild forms are fairly common. We did not
      observe any severe cases. Our patients were treated in two homogeneous series of
      17 cases each ; two patients were given no treatment. Patients treated by sero
      anatoxin therapy according to classical methods, evolved towards a cure within 21
      days on average. Patients treated by sulfguanidin were cured within 24 days. This
      study permitted us to confirm that sero-anatoxin therapy is not essential. The
      disadvantages are the number of injections, the possibility of sometimes fatal
      hyper-sensitive reactions which, in the opinion of many authors, justifies
      routine cover with cortisone. This attitude does not seem to us justified owing
      to the usually benign nature of the botulism. The treatment with sulfaguanidin is
      well tolerated and is not of any risk to the patient.

PMID- 164691
TI  - [Immunologic changes and infections in alcoholic cirrhosis].
AB  - The authors explored humoral and cellular immunity in 50 cases of alcoholic
      cirrhosis. The levels of the three serum immunoglobulins were greater than
      normal. IgM was significantly higher. The levels of antipolio antibodies (types
      I, II and III) were significantly higher in cirrhosis than in controls. The
      antistreptolysin and antistaphylolysin titers showed that the differences between
      levels found in cirrhosis and in controls were not significant. After taking the
      Sabin polio vaccine, variations in antipolio antibodies remained within normal
      limits, considering the high levels noted before taking the vaccine. Total serum
      complement was normal in 90% of the estimtions carried out. The results of the
      intradermal reactions were dissociated. Tuberculin skin tests were negative in
      35% of cases of cirrhosis and in 14.3% of controls. In skin tests for candida and
      streptococcal antigen, differences between cirrhotics and controls were not
      significant. The absolute figure for blood lymphocytes per mm-3 was, in half the
      cases, less than normal.

PMID- 164692
TI  - [Epithelial cancer and monoclonal immunoglobulins].
AB  - The authors report 4 cases of carcinoma of the intestine, stomach, ovary and
      breast, association with monoclonal Ig. Clinical and laboratory analysis showed,
      in particular, that the immunoglobulin was present in small quantity and that
      there was no Bence-Jones protein in these 4 cases, that the bone marrow was
      little, or practically unmodified. The authors then discuss the nature, whether
      by chance or not, of this association the differential diagnosis with major
      monoclonal dysglobulinemia, e.g. myeloma or Waldenstrom's disease, and the
      significance in a cancer patient, of the discovery of Igmc. According to the
      authors, although in a few cases the tumour may induce development of a clone
      secreting Igmc, usually carcinoma and Igmc are independent from one another and
      are due to a common mechanism : reduction in cell immunity, according to Burnet.

PMID- 164693
TI  - [Editorial: Reform of social security. The discussion of articles of the law in
      the National Assembly].

PMID- 164694
TI  - [Regressive unilateral exophthalmos with sphenoid involvement in the course of a
      myeloma].

PMID- 164696
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of insulin.
AB  - The powerful nuclear medicine tool of radioimmunoassay was very rapidly developed
      because of the favorable properties of insulin in such a procedure. The current
      method of insulin immunoassay in our laboratory is described, with emphasis on
      the details of the separation of bound and free using talc tablets; emphasis is
      also given to the correction for tracer damage. The clinical usefulness of the
      insulin radioimmunoassay is somewhat less than had been anticipated, although its
      use as a research tool has had immeasurable impact upon the study of metabolism.
      The presence of proinsulin in plasma is a factor that has to be considered during
      the radioimmunoassay. Radioimmunoassays for the connecting peptide of proinsulin
      have also been developed. A preliminary evaluation of two radioimmunoassay kits
      is described.

PMID- 164695
TI  - Radioimmunoassay: review of basic principles.
AB  - The development of radioimmunoassay by the late Solomon A. Berson and Rosalyn S.
      Yalow during the late 1950s represents a milestone in the history of the
      application of radionuclide methodology to biology and to medical investigation
      and practice. The method offers a technique to assay materials otherwise
      unmeasureable or detectable only with difficulty. Radioimmunoassay is based upon
      the competition between labeled and unlabeled antigen for specific antibody
      sites, forming antigen-antibody complexes. This reaction is described by the
      expression see journal for formula. At equilibirum, the radioactive complex
      (bound) is separated from the radioactive antigen (free). The B/F ratio is
      dependent upon the amount of nonradioactive antigen. Antigen concentration in
      unknown samples is determined by comparing the B/F ratio to the B/F ratios
      obtained by incubating varying amounts of known nonradioactive antigen with the
      same amount of antibody as in the unknown sample under similar assay conditions.
      Sensitivity of the order of 10-12 moles/liter may be achieved through the
      preparation and use of a labeled antigen of high specific activity and the
      production and selection of antisera with appropriately high affinity constants.
      Specificity is dependent upon the ability of the antiserum to recognize subtle
      structural features of the antigen molecule. The ability to conveniently assay
      large numbers of samples with good precision has led to the application of this
      technique to quantitate substances (such as steroids) already measurable but by
      more cumbersome methods. Since the initial description of competitive binding
      radioassay techniques, there have been numerous contributions to its further
      development, refinement, and application. This article reviews the conception and
      development of this invaluable contribution to our understanding of health and
      disease.

PMID- 164697
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of plasma renin activity.
AB  - Plasma renin activity is quantitated by measuring the rate of angiotensin
      generation during incubation of plasma renin with endogenous renin substrate. The
      angiotensin is quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Our studies indicate that the
      incubation step is best carried out in undiluted plasma at the pH optimum for
      renin (pH 5.7) in the presence of EDTA, neomycin, and DFP or PMSF. By using these
      conditions, incubation of low-renin samples can be prolonged for up to 18 hr,
      because angiotensinases and converting enzyme are completely inhibited. Accuracy
      is enhanced by prolongation of the incubation time, which results in more
      angiotensin and eliminates the need for blank subtraction. Incubation at pH 7.4
      is disadvantageous because of lower rates of generation of angiotensin 1, because
      of the inability to maintain pH constant without addition of strong buffer, and
      because the incubation step cannot be prolonged beyond 3 hr. Dilution of plasma
      is undesirable because it results in a slower reaction rate due to dilution of
      both enzyme and substrate, and it is not possible to correct for the effect of
      substrate dilution. The radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I presents few unusual
      problems. The volume of plasma assayed should be 20 muI or less. If blank
      subtraction is used, antibodies should be screened to determine the extent to
      which they bind nonspecific substances in plasma, and then to ascertain whether
      the blank is entirely additive when angiotensin is added to it. Assay sensitivity
      is an important issue, since approximately 30 percent of patients with essential
      hypertension have subnormal plasma renin activity. In a study of three different
      commercial kits we found that many low-renin samples were undetectable and major
      fractions could not be discriminated with precision or consistency from normal
      renin samples. However, the incubation conditions can be easily modified, so that
      an 18-hr incubation can be utilized and then low-renin samples can be detected
      with the same degree of accuracy as those with normal plasma renin activity.

PMID- 164699
TI  - Somatic hybridization and oncogenesis; (Mechanism of formation of malignant
      tumors and metastases by the action of antilymphocytic serum).
AB  - The results of experiments carried out to test some of the consequences of the
      earlier general theory of oncogenesis, according to which the malignant tumor
      cell can arise as a result of somatic hybridization of cells of different organ-
      and tissue-specificity, are described. In the first series a tumor induced by
      cellophane film, was grafted into syngeneic and allogeneic mice, and
      antilymphocytic serum (ALS) was then injected. Metastases occurred only in
      allogeneic recipients receiving ALS. It was thus shown that the ability of cells
      of this particular tumor to metastasize is not a property inherent in its cells
      but is acquired by them as a result of interaction with the recipient organism.
      In the second series it was shown by two immunological methods that the cells of
      metastases arising under these conditions contain tissue compatibility antigens
      of donor and recipient origin, i. e., that they are somatic hybridsmin the third
      series skin from individuals of another strain was grafted on to mice and ALS was
      injected; hepatomas developed in 74% of these mice. The theory is used to explain
      several phenomena of carcinogenesis not explicable by other theories: the
      phenotypic nature of cell transformation, the causes and nature of the duration
      of the latent period of tumor development, the mechanism responsible for the
      ability of tumors to overcome the system of immunological defense, the mechanism
      of activation of endogeneous oncogenic viruses, etc. Finally an answer is given
      to the question: what is a tumor?

PMID- 164698
TI  - Physiologic consequences of hepatic lobectomy in man.
AB  - Replacement of glucose and albumin in ten patients after hepatic lobectomy shows
      that hypoglycemia and hypoalbuminemia, the two most common consequences of
      lobectomy in animals, can be prevented in man. Biosynthesis of protein,
      cholesterol, and prothrombin are reduced temporarily. In patients having
      emergency lobectomy, the serum bilirubin and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
      concentrations are statistically greater than in patients having elective
      lobectomy. Serum ammonia is not elevated and bromsulphalein excretion is normal
      after bilirubin returns to less than 1 mg/100 ml. Lactic dehydrogenase
      concentrations in serum are increased and fluctuate in the presence of sepsis or
      respiratory insufficiency: Mean creatine phosphokinase peaks at concentrations
      higher than those reported in acute myocardial infarction and returns to normal
      in three days. Compensatory hyperplasia of the residual  lobe occurred in all
      patients.

PMID- 164700
TI  - The effect of natural oestrogens on coagulation.
AB  - A study was undertaken to assess the effect of natural oestrogen on the
      coagulation profile of menopausal women. Forty-five postmenopausal women were
      selected at random and treated with conjugated oestrogen (PREMARIN) FOR ONE YEAR.
      Blood samples were tested before treatment, at the end of 3 and 9 months'
      therapy, and 1 month after treatment had been suspended. Parameters studied
      included: fibrinogen; platelet count and aggregation; single-stage prothrombin
      time; kaolin partial thromboplastin time; factors v and x assays and euglobulin
      lysis time. The only statistically significant alteration noted was a depressant
      effect on the platelet count. The significance of this change is commented upon.
      For practical purposes, it may be concluded that treatment of a group of
      menopausal women with conjugated oestraogen for one year had no adverse effect on
      their coagulation mechanism.

PMID- 164701
TI  - Transplantation.

PMID- 164702
TI  - Pupillary light-near dissociation. A classification.

PMID- 164703
TI  - [Cancer in children].

PMID- 164705
TI  - Assessment of the teratogenic potential of surfactants. Part II- AOS.

PMID- 164704
TI  - Incidence of paramalignant disorders in bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - The incidence of paramalignant disorders was studied in 280 consecutive patients
      with early lung cancer confirmed histologically. The commonest disorders were
      weight loss exceeding 6.4 kg (30.7 percent of the series), finger clubbing (29
      percent), fever (21.1 percent), and endocrinopathies (12.1 percent).
      Paramalignant diseases are common even in early lung cancer and all patients
      should have investigations for their detection.

PMID- 164706
TI  - Effect of Fusarium sporotrichiella v. Sportrichiodies mycotoxin on membranes of
      subcellular particles.

PMID- 164707
TI  - Disordered cholinergic neurotransmission and dysautoregulation after acute
      cerebral infarction.
AB  - The possible role of displaced neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACHh) in
      dysautoregulation was examined after experimental regional cerebral infarction
      was produced by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in babons. Regional
      cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured after intracarotid injection of 133Xenon
      using the gamma camera. Autoregulation was tested with metaraminol or angiotensin
      infusion and the autoregulation index (A.I.) was calculated. Acetylcholinesterase
      (ACHhE) was measured in brain tissue of noninfarcted and infarcted hemispheres.
      Cerebral arteriovenous (A-V) differences for cholinesterase (ChE) were also
      measured. Regional dysautoregulation was found in infarcted gray matter and
      correlated with increased AChE levels in the same zones of cortex and basal
      ganglia. The time course of onset of dysautoregulation correlated with increased
      ChE uptake by the brain. Intravenous infusion of the cholinergic neurotransmitter
      blocker, scopolamine, restored autoregulation to the ischemic zones.
      Autoregulation appears to be a myogenic reflex, influenced by neurogenic and
      metabolic mechanisms.

PMID- 164709
TI  - Survey of the field efficacy of reoviral calf diarrhea vaccine.

PMID- 164708
TI  - Pancreatic islet-cell tumour associated with Cushing's syndrome. Report of a case
      with estimation of tumour ACTH content.

PMID- 164710
TI  - Facial-digital syndrome in purebred angus cattle.

PMID- 164711
TI  - Infectious canine hepatitis virus infections in dogs in Hong Kong.

PMID- 164712
TI  - Equine infectious anaemia in Czechoslovakia.

PMID- 164713
TI  - [Isolation, identification and biological properties of the herpes-virus from
      cattle].

PMID- 164715
TI  - On IBR virus and its serological demonstration in cattle.

PMID- 164714
TI  - The isolation, characterization and pathogenicity studies of bovine herpes
      viruses of respiratory origin.

PMID- 164716
TI  - [Examination of serological tests for viral diseases of the respiratory tracts in
      livestock. The participation of respiratory viruses in the infections and their
      present epizootological assessment].

PMID- 164717
TI  - [Isolation and identification tests for the parainfluenza-3 and bovine
      rhinotracheitis (IBR) viruses. The comparative value of serum neutralization,
      hemadsorption inhibition and immunofluorescence reactions in the diagnosis of PI
      3 and IBR viral infections of calves].

PMID- 164718
TI  - Preliminary study on the use of an automated system for the rapid serologic
      diagnosis of parainfluenza-3 infection.

PMID- 164719
TI  - Problems on the etiological importance of Pasteurella, Mycoplasma and
      parainfluenza-3-virus in enzootic pneumonia of calves.

PMID- 164720
TI  - A contribution to the pathogenesis of respiratory infections of complex aetiology
      in calves.

PMID- 164721
TI  - Parainfluenza-3 virus in cattle: mechanisms of infections and defence in the
      respiratory tract.

PMID- 164722
TI  - Recrudescence of chronic ibr infections in feeder cattle by corticosteroid
      therapy.

PMID- 164723
TI  - On the pathhistologic pattern of some virus pneumonias in calves.

PMID- 164724
TI  - The effect of cyclophosphamide on the defense to infection in calves.

PMID- 164725
TI  - [Vaccines and vaccination using live and inactivated viruses against pulmonary
      diseases in cattle].

PMID- 164726
TI  - Immunoprophylaxis in calves against parainfluenza 3 virus and adenovirus type 4.

PMID- 164727
TI  - Active immunization against enteric and respiratory disease of cattle with BVD,
      IBR and adenovirus vaccines.

PMID- 164728
TI  - Pneumonia caused in healthy calves by contact exposure to coughing calves.

PMID- 164729
TI  - Vaccination of calves against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis using a
      temperature sensitive mutant.

PMID- 164730
TI  - Immunofluorescence detection of casein in human mammary dysplastic and neoplastic
      tissues.
AB  - To detect and localize casein in human mammary dysplastic and neoplastic tissues,
      an indirect immunofluorescence method has been devised. Anti-casein antibodies
      have been obtained from rabbits immunized with casein isolated from human milk.
      Cryostat sections post-fixed in alcohol and paraffin sections from routinely
      formalin-fixed tissues proved suitable. The immuno-fluorescence method revealed
      the presence of casein in epithelial cells in mammary dysplasia and in some, but
      not all, cases of carcinoma of the breast. Well differentiated (Grade I)
      carcinomas were shown to contain casein, mainly localized at the inner border of
      the epithelial cells; the milk protein was present also in cells metastatic in
      lymph nodes. In Paget's disease of the nipple, casein could be detected in
      neoplastic cells in the ducts and also in cells identifiable with the typical
      intra-epidermal Paget cells. This finding is evidence of a functional
      differentiation of Paget cells along lines proper to the mammary epithelium.

PMID- 164731
TI  - Malignant mixed osteogenic tumours of the breast. An ultrastructural study of two
      cases.
AB  - Two cases of malignant mesodermic tumours of the human mammary gland with
      osteogenic and chondrogenic structures were analysed by optical and electronic
      microscopical means. One of them was associated with an adenocarcinoma of the
      gland. The histological pattern was similar to that of those cases previously
      examined under the optical microscope in the mammary gland and in extraskeletal
      osteogenic sarcomas of soft tissues. When investigated under the electron
      microscope, the chondroblasts possessed a highly developed RER in active
      synthesis with an amorphous material which contributed to the building up of the
      ground substance matrix of the tumorous cartilage. Osteoid fields with scattered
      osteoblasts appear throughout the tumorous stroma and were associated with
      calcium deposits. They were continuous with fibroblasts and mesenchymal
      undifferentiated cells of a very immature character. Giant cells of osteoclastic
      type were included within the mononucleated mesenchymal cells mimicking bone
      osteoclastoma. The presence of all these cell types suggests the existence of a
      common malignant origin, the stem cell being differentiated into epithelial
      carcinomatous and mesenchymal sarcomatous chondral and osteogenic tissues.

PMID- 164732
TI  - [Intraepithelial filament bundles of the adult human kidney. Studies by light and
      electron microscopy and by diffraction analysis (author's transl)].
AB  - In studies of semi-thin sections of adult human kidney it is found that the
      structures formerly known as "Basalreifen" can be definitely related to basal
      cytoplasmic portions of the renal epithelium. Under the electron microscope they
      appear as bundles of filaments, usually having a width of 50-85 A. They are
      particularly well developed in the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and are
      also present in the proximal and distal tubule where they are more abundant than
      in other parts of the nephron. The filament bundles proceed toward hemidesmosome
      like structures at the basal border of the epithelia and sometimes contain dense
      bodies in the parietal capsular epithelium of the glomerulus; these bundles are
      probably responsible for local intra- and/or supravital protrusions of the
      cytoplasm. Findings in some diseased kidneys are also presented. Diffraction
      analysis of intrarenal vascular muscle cells and intraepithelial filament bundles
      gave comparable photographic records of the image structure spectrograms; it
      supports the assumption derived from the electron microscopic results that the
      intraepithelial filament bundles represent a contractile complex. However, the
      conclusiveness of image structure analysis in comparing the two biological
      objects is limited, as outlined in the discussion. With regard to renal function
      the significance of the intraepithelial filament bundles is still unclear.
      Periglomerular interstitial cells, which normally contain only narrow tracts of
      filaments in the periphery, had many of the characteristics of smooth muscle
      cells in a case of pyelonephritic renal cirrhosis. They are compared with
      myofibroblasts of a different origin.

PMID- 164733
TI  - [Role of certain viruses and bacteria in the etiology of premature labor].

PMID- 164734
TI  - Red cell esterase D in studies of paternity cases in the United Kingdom.
AB  - The recently discovered genetic polymorphism of human red cell esterase D has
      been applied to 156 cases of disputed paternity, along with other well
      established systems. The results indicate that esterase D is a useful additional
      genetic marker for use in paternity testing.

PMID- 164735
TI  - [Serum phosphatase activity in parodontosis in patients with duodenal peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 164736
TI  - [Allergic reactions in viral infections].

PMID- 164737
TI  - [Serological variants of type 1 parainfluenza viruses].
AB  - A comparative study of the antigenic properties of parainfluenza type 1 viruses
      revealed the existence of 2 serological variants among them. The expedience of
      using the reference and recent years of isolates of parainfluenza type 1 viruses
      for serodiagnosis was demonstrated. Highly immunogenic strains isolated in 1971
      were selected for properation of hyperimmune sera. It is necessary for
      identification of new isolates of parainfluenza type 1 viruses to use antisera
      for strains isolated in recent years alongside with reference immune sera.

PMID- 164738
TI  - [Synthesis of group-specific antigen of murine oncornaviruses in chronically
      infected cells].

PMID- 164739
TI  - [Structure of leukoviruses from continuous cell line of monkey sarcoma 71-Q-1].

PMID- 164740
TI  - Unsuccessful trial of gene replacement in arginase deficiency.
AB  - The Shope virus following cutaneous inoculation produces skin papillomas in
      rabbits and induces a virus-coded arginase in the squameous epithelium of these
      papillomas. The only discernible effect of the virus inoculated intravenously in
      rabbits and other animals was a decrease of the serum arginine concentration.
      Intravenous injection in 3 hyperargininemic patients, however, did not influence
      the underlying metabolic disease.

PMID- 164742
TI  - [An enzymatic method for the isolation of tubules and cells from human kidney
      cortex].
AB  - The isolation of tubules and cells from human kidney cortex was realized by an
      enzymatic method. Tubules and cells were released from slices of kidney cortex by
      collagenase. The yield amounted to 80 % of the wet weight of incubated cortex
      slices. Thus numerous experiments with isolated tubules from one organ could be
      performed. Glucose production from different substrates was measured in order to
      test the biochemical integrity of the isolated cells. The highest rates of
      glucose formation were obtained with fructose as precursor. Glucose production
      was higher from lactate than from pyruvate. With proline and glutamine as
      substrates only small amounts of glucose were produced. Glucose formation from 10
      mmol/1 pyruvate was linear with time up to 80 minutes. Ado-3':5'-P stimulated
      glucose formation at 10 mumolar concentration and inhibited gluconeogenesis at 1
      mmolar, 0.1 mmolar and 1 mumolar concentrations.

PMID- 164741
TI  - [Isolation of intact liver parenchymal cells by a modified enzymatic method].
AB  - An enzymatic method is described for isolating intact parenchymal cells from rat
      livers. 3--4 g cells (wet weight) could be isolated from livers of rats weighing
      180--230 g. After an in vitro preperfusion of 15 minutes with a Ca-free buffer,
      collagenase (200 mg/1) and calcium chloride (5.2 mmol/1) were added. Perfusion
      was continued for another 15 minutes at 37 degrees C. Micromorphological
      integrity of cell membranes was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy.
      With regard to rates of gluconeogenesis and protein synthesis, parenchymal cells
      isolated according to our method were found to be superior to liver slices and
      cells isolated by other methods. Ratios of ATP/ADP (5.69) and of lactate/pyruvate
      (8.64) as parameters of the energetic situation and the redox state resp. were
      found within the physiological range. Integrity of cell surface receptors was
      proved by their sensitivity to epinephrine, glucagon and insulin. Glucagon (0.3
      mumol/1) and epinephrine (1 mumol/1) and reduced glycogen deposition in
      hepatocytes of fasted rats by 84.9 % and 95.9 % resp. Both hormones stimulated
      glycogenolysis in parenchymal cells of fed rats to a similar extent. Urea
      synthesis was stimulated 29.5 % by glucagon (1 mumol/1), and inhibited 28.0 % by
      insulin (10 nmol/1). The stimulatory effect of glucagon (1 mumol/1) was abolished
      by insulin (10 nmol/1).

PMID- 164743
TI  - [Current concepts on gangliosides].

PMID- 164744
TI  - [Role of thyroid hormones in the development of the central nervous system].

PMID- 164745
TI  - [Infectious allergy. XIV. Histochemical changes in redox enzymes in cells of the
      small intestine smooth muscle during sensitization with diphtheria exotoxin].
AB  - Administration to guinea pigs of 1/Dlm of diphtheria exotoxin twice at an
      interval of 1 and 24 hours, or once in a dose of 25/100 Dlm caused changes in the
      activity of the redox enzymes. The character of their changes in the animals to
      which the whole dose of the exotoxin was administered once or repeatedly was
      directly reverse: in the first case the activity of the enzymes was uniformly
      increased, and in the second--ununiformly depressed; besides, there was a marked
      disturbance of coordination between the enzymes. An increased sensitivity of the
      infectious allergy type following injection of low doses of diphtheria exotoxin
      was not accompanied by immunity formation. Specific antibodies against diphtheria
      exotoxin formed only in the organism of animals to which 1/100 Dlm of diphtheria
      toxin was injected once a day for 15 days, but in this case as well no immunity
      against diphtheria exotoxin was observed.

PMID- 164746
TI  - [Ultrastructure of L-forms. II. L-forms of Listeria monocytogenes].
AB  - A study was made of ultrathin sections of the stable l-forms of listeria obtained
      under the action of penicillin in meat-peptone-liver broth. A marked cellular
      polymorphism was found in the L-form culture: within the same colony cells
      differed in size, shape and fine structure. It is supposed that polymorphism
      could be partially explained by a different plasticity and premeability of
      cytoplasmic membrane in different types of cells of the same L-colony. The three
      layer structure of the membrane does not always display the same distinctness in
      various L-colony cells and also in different areas of the cell surface.
      Structureless material of low electron density, possibly a defective murein or
      its precursor, was revealed on the membrane surface. Electrondense inclusion
      bodies, mesosomes of ring-shaped or more complicated structure and two-contour
      vesicles were found in the cytoplasm. The cells multiplied by budding, by binary
      and anomalies division participation of mesosomes in this process was not proved
      by the L-forms.

PMID- 164747
TI  - [Characteristics of the low molecular antigens of pertussis bacteria].
AB  - The authors elaborated a method of obtaining pertussis soluble antigenic complex
      by dialysis through the cellophane membrane against the physiological saline at a
      temperature of 4 degrees C. An antigen which was active in the passive
      hemagglutination and neutralization of antibodies tests was revealed in the
      dialyzate. The amount of this antigen in the dialyzate increased gradually up to
      the 7th day and then became stabilized. The serological activity of the antigen
      after evaportation increased 4-16 times. The results of the antibody
      neutralization test pointed to the presence in the dialysate of substances common
      to those contained in the 1a and 1Da fractions isolated from the pertussis
      bacteria with the aid of ammounium sulfate.

PMID- 164748
TI  - [Biological properties of plasma-negative staphylococci isolated from patients in
      surgical departments].
AB  - A study was made of 111 strains of plasma-negative spathylococci isolated from
      the blood, pleural fluid, urine, and exudate of the abdominal cavity of 30
      patients. The studies were carried out by 18 criteria. A variety of biological
      properties and signs characteristic of pathogenic staphylococci (hemolytic
      activity, anaerobic splitting of mannite, the presence of phosphatase, lysozyme,
      protease, alpha-toxin, fibrinolysin) were noted. A high resistance to
      tetracycline and penicillin was found in the strains isolated from the blood and
      the pleural cavity.

PMID- 164749
TI  - [Use of a synthetic medium for cultivating pathogenic anaerobes].
AB  - It was shown that a synthetic medium suggested by the authors earlier was useful
      for the growth and toxin formation of Cl. tetani, Cl. botulinum and Cl.
      perfringens, types B and E. A study of the character of growth and toxinogensis,
      microscopic examination of morphology of culture cells and results of passages
      showed the suggested synthetic medium to be of value; a possibility of its
      application for studying the nutrient requirements and the role of individual
      components of the nutrient media in the process of growth and toxinogenesis was
      also demonstrated.

PMID- 164750
TI  - [Comparative study of nutrient media for isolation of the agents of pertussis and
      parapertussis].
AB  - Taking into consideration literature data pointing to a possibility of a marked
      improvement of the quality of the medium for the isolation of the causative
      agents of pertussis and parapertussis, an experimental study was made of the
      sensitivity of the nutrient media produced by the Dagestan Institute of Nutrient
      Media, a medium made from dry and also of a number of media modified by the
      authors prepared on its basis. Pure freshly-isolated and museum B. pertussis
      cultures were used in the observations. Analysis of the results of a comparative
      study of the indices (detectability of the strains, the appearance of colonies
      and periods of their formation) allomed a recipee of the most sensitive medium to
      be elaborated. At the same time there were found considerable differences in the
      indices of the appearance of B. pertussis colonies and detectability of the
      museum cultures used for testing the industrial batches and of the freshly
      isolated strains.

PMID- 164751
TI  - [The response of blood neutrophils (the PPN test) to pertussis allergen in
      children with pertussis and children immunized with ADPT vaccine].
AB  - The authors present materials on the study of the reaction of blood neutrophils
      (PPN test) to pertussis allergen in children suffering from pertussis and
      immunized with ADPT vaccine. Results obtained in examining 111 children showed
      that the PPN test was specific and could be used for assessment of allergic
      manifestations in children suffering from pertussis or immunized with ADPT
      vaccine. Taking into consideration the harmlessness and expressiveness of the PPN
      test it can be recommended for studying in dynamics in any age groups.

PMID- 164752
TI  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Bartholin's gland diagnosis by aspiration biopsy.

PMID- 164753
TI  - The cytodiagnosis of human polyomavirus infection.

PMID- 164754
TI  - New kind of cytoplasmic inclusions of plasma cells in acid maltase deficiency.
AB  - Extensive 'vacuolization' could be demonstrated in nearly all plasma cells and in
      some lymphocytes of an adult with glycogenosis type II (Pompe's disease). The
      biochemically defined diagnosis acid maltase deficiency (AMD) could be
      ascertained by examination of the maltase activity of the patient's leukocytes.
      Electron microscopical, microspectrographic, and cytochemical investigations
      revealed electron dense inclusions, which show an UV absorption at 276 nm and a
      positive reaction after PAS staining of plastic embedded material. Since no other
      abnormalities of the plasma cells could be found, our results are presumably
      indicative for a connection of AMD and a glycoprotein storage in the plasma cells
      of the patient.

PMID- 164755
TI  - Fenestrae in golgi and endoplasmic reticulum cisternae of human brain tumours.
AB  - Fenestrae were found in freeze-fractured cisternae of the Golgi apparatus and
      endoplasmic reticulum of glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma,
      medulloblastoma, medulloepithelioma, meningioma, cerebellar sarcoma,
      hemangioblastoma, and chromophobe adenoma. They were about 200--400 A in diameter
      and often diffusely distributed or concentrated in groups in Golgi cisternae,
      while they were around 300--600 A in size and scattered in distribution in
      cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. They appeared as conical protrusions or
      circular broken-off necks of face A and as circular holes on face B in tangential
      fractures, and as several constrictions of cisternae in cross fractures.

PMID- 164756
TI  - Morphological observations of dysplastic gliomas heterotransplanted to
      experimental animals.
AB  - Observations concerning transplantation of 5 cases of malignant dysplastic
      gliomas to the anterior chamber of the guinea-pig eye have been presented. This
      type of gliomas, composed mainly of cytoplasm-abundant cells, show weak
      transplantability, slow rate of growth, and particular tendency to degeneration
      and necrosis. At the same time, in subsequent passages, an intensive
      proliferation of small-cell component occurs, comparing with cytoplasm-abundant
      cells.

PMID- 164757
TI  - Atypical astrocytes and Rosenthal fibers in a case of amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis associated with a cerebral glioblastoma multiforme.
AB  - A case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and cerebral glioblastoma
      multiforme is presented in which bizarre astrocytes were found in the
      degenerating lateral corticospinal tracts, along with Rosenthal fibers, which
      were present in the corticospinal tracts of the lower medulla and spinal cord,
      and in anterior horns. These bizarre astrocytes did not result from direct
      infiltration of tumor from the cerebrum. "Malignant transformation" and/or an
      exceptionally intense glial response to the corticospinal tract degeneration are
      discussed as possibilities for the development of these bizarre astrocytes.
      Rosenthal fiber formation is described, to our knowledge, for the first time in
      ALS.

PMID- 164759
TI  - Factors influencing the stability of acid-precipitated polyvalent Bordetella
      pertussis bulk suspensions.
AB  - According to the statistical analysis of the potency values of acid precipitated
      polyvalent bulk suspensions of Bordetella pertussis, the potency of suspensions
      decreased below 8 IU/30 IOU during storage for 5 to 9.8 years. The average annual
      decrease over a 13-year period was 2.03 IU/30 IOU. The periodicity in the
      decrease of potency values was assumed to be connected with changes in the
      quality of the casein hydrolysate ingredient of the medium. Periodic functions
      employed to approach potency values with limits of 1 SD falling within the range
      of 64--156% indicated that the potency decreased below 8 IU/30 IOU after 9 years.

PMID- 164758
TI  - Studies on the presence of antibodies to EB virus and other herpesviruses in
      normal children and in infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - Children free from infectious disease have been examined by indirect
      immunofluorescence for the presence of antibodies to the intracellular capsid
      antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In the first year of life 46%, between 2 and
      6 years of age 66%, and between 7 and 14 years 91%, of the children proved
      positive. The corresponding percentages for the presence of antibodies to
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus were about 50%, irrespective of
      the children's age. Serum samples from 69 patients suffering from infectious
      mononucleosis (IM) were tested for anti-EBV antibodies. Of the 29 Paul-Bunnell
      positive patients 22 had antibodies, 11 of them in high titres (greater than 1 :
      80). Of the 40 Paul-Bunnell-negative cases only 21 had antibodies, 8 in high
      titres. Of the Paul-Bunnell-negative cases, 73% were found to have anti-CMV
      antibodies, 32% in high titre. The respective percentages for the Paul-Bunnell
      positive cases were 42% and 10%.

PMID- 164760
TI  - Studies on growth, nitrogen fixation and protein synthesis in a blue-green alga
      Calothrix sp.

PMID- 164761
TI  - Synthesis and properties of heparin derivatives.

PMID- 164762
TI  - Effects of various hormones on the pituitary-adrenal axis.

PMID- 164763
TI  - Managing ischemic skin ulcers.
AB  - Etiologic elements in ischemic ulcers include physical factors (pressure,
      shearing forces, friction and heat), nutrition and infection, as well as
      circulatory, metabolic and neurologic problems. Prevention is the primary
      objective of the management program. For patients in nursing homes who have
      already developed ulcers, low-intensity direct electric current (LIDC) has proved
      to be a useful adjunct to conventional management. The infection was more rapidly
      controlled and the wound size more quickly reduced. LIDC is readily accepted by
      the patient.

PMID- 164764
TI  - An unusual membrane-bound body in rat periosteal cells.
AB  - Cytoplasmic inclusions have been found in both normal and stimulated rat
      periosteal cells. These inclusions are bounded by a pentilaminar membrane similar
      to a tight junction and contain a core of granular material. The origin and
      function of this inclusion are unknown.

PMID- 164765
TI  - Passage of red blood cells through the sinusoidal wall of the spleen.
AB  - The migration of blood cells across the wall of splenic sinusoids has been
      studied by means of serial sections in rats inoculated with murine
      erythroblastosis virus (MEV). The sinusoidal walls of the normal spleen have no
      permanent openings. In the normal spleen, mature red blood cells and blood cells
      in the latest stages of maturation can be seen in diapedesis. The predominant
      form of transmural migration is intercellular. In MEV-inoculated animals, in
      which there is a vigorous erythroblastic proliferation, large numbers of
      erythroblasts are in transmural passage. Serial sections show that these cells
      migrate through the cytoplasm of the endothelial lining cells. On the basis of
      these observations, it is suggested that the transcellular mode of migration may
      be related to the delivery of newly formed red blood cells into the circulation
      while the intercellular mode may be part of the mechanism by which the spleen
      controls the removal of red cells from the circulation.

PMID- 164766
TI  - Letter: Parotitis during orthodontic treatment.

PMID- 164767
TI  - Plasma alpha-lipoprotein pattern in acute viral hepatitis.
AB  - In the present study, the plasma levels of lipoproteins, triglycerides, and
      cholesterol were followed serially in a group of 57 patients with acute viral
      hepatitis. Mean plasma triglyceride levels were found elevated at the onset of
      the disease and gradually returned to normal, while mean plasma cholesterol
      values, low initially, gradually increased, alpha-lipoprotein was absent at the
      early stage of hepatitis in 41 out of 46 patients with mild or moderate course
      and reappeared gradually during the course of the disease. In 11 cases of viral
      hepatitis with impending or overt coma, alpha-lipoprotein was absent for the
      whole duration of the acute stage and never reappeared in those who eventually
      died, while it eventually returned to normal in those who survived. The
      reappearance of alpha-lipoprotein in acute viral hepatitis appears to be a
      sensitive index of improvement and a significant prognostic sign.

PMID- 164768
TI  - Acute respiratory disease of university students with special reference to the
      etiologic role of Herpesvirus hominis.
AB  - Infections with Herpesvirus hominis type 1 were associated with 11.5% of acute
      respiratory illnesses of university students who were admitted to the student
      infirmary over a 6-year period. Over three-quarters of these infections were
      detected in students with pharyngitis or tonsillitis; 42% had ulcerated lesions
      on tonsils or posterior pharynx but only 11% had lesions in the anterior portion
      of the mouth or lips. Almost all of the H. hominis infections were accompanied by
      significant rises in neutralizing antibodies and few students had detectable
      antibodies in the initial serum collected during the acute phase of illness.
      Special studies revealed herpes-specific IgM antibodies in the early convalescent
      sera of some of these patients. The data demonstrate that 80% of the infections
      detected were primary infections with H. hominis. Only 30% of university students
      possessed neutralizing antibodies to H. hominis and about 10% of those without
      antibodies acquired antibodies each year. These data suggest that the majority of
      persons from middle income families reach young adulthood without acquiring
      infections of H. hominis and the spread of the virus requires close and intimate
      contact.

PMID- 164769
TI  - The Seattle virus watch. V. Epidemiologic observations of rhinovirus infections,
      1965-1969, in families with young children.
AB  - Rhinovirus (RV) infections in Seattle Virus Watch (VW) families (1965-1969) were
      monitored by screening respiratory specimens in WI-38 cell cultures and by
      homotypic neutralization tests on sera related to family episodes revealed by RV
      isolation. Temporally related illness in members not proven infected was also
      taken to indicate infection. RV isolates (including those from the New York VW,
      1961-1965) were typed within the official 90-serotype frame. Typed isolates from
      New York (165 with 39 serotypes) and Seattle (456 with 59 serotypes) were
      compared with the Tecumseh Study to test the hypothesis that some serotypes are
      "common," persisting because of greater infectivity. Of 32 serotypes qualifying
      as "common" in at least 1 study, 4 were "common" in all 3 studies and 8 in 2
      studies. The 23 "common" Seattle serotypes differed from the remaining 36
      serotypes in being more infective and in their more frequent association with
      prolonged shedding. The New York and Seattle isolates together revealed an
      increase over time in the proportion not typable or of of higher numbered types,
      consistent with progressive shift in RV antigenic character. WI-38 isolates
      indicated spring peaks of RV all 4 years but a fall peak only in 1967. An even
      larger fall peak was seen when all specimens from September-November 1968 were re
      examined in fetal tonsil diploid cells. Thus, both spring and fall peaks appear
      to describe RV seasonality. RV infections explained 16% of all reported
      respiratory illness (20% of upper respiratory), but RV-associated illness in
      young children, especially under 2 years, was more severe and almost twice as
      frequent as in adults. The age of introducers and the direct relation of family
      size to frequency of episodes indicate that community spread depends largely on
      preschool children, including infants. Within families, the secondary attack rate
      (SAR) was highest following paternal introduction and, for all introducers, the
      SAR varied inversely with age (mother excepted). RV shedding was observed most
      often (85% of specimens) from the day before to 6 days after illness onset but
      prolonged shedding was common (to 21 days in 20% and 28 days in 1.4% of
      infections). RV infectivity, reflected by SAR among nonimmunes, was highest for
      infants (78%) and, for all ages, was greater with ill than with well introducers
      (71% versus 27%). Immunogenicity of RV was poor (Seroresponse: 48% of shedders,
      32% of nonshedding contacts) but varied greatly with serotype. Illness
      frequencies among non-immunes were 59% for all proven infections and 35% when
      infection was not shown..

PMID- 164770
TI  - Seroimmunity to poliomyelitis in an American community.
AB  - In an effort to determine the immune status of individuals in a natural
      community, neutralizing antibody titers for the three types of poliovirus were
      examined in 301 randomly sampled sera collected in 1966 and 308 specimens from
      1971. The specimens were part of a larger collection obtained from residents of
      Tecumseh, Michigan. Approximately 22 sera from each five-year age group between 5
      70 years were tested. A somewhat smaller number from younger and older
      individuals were also studied. Geometric mean titers for the two years of
      collection were in general quite low and never exceeded 1:42 which was found for
      type II virus. All GM titers decreased markedly as the age of the subjects
      increased. The percentage of individuals lacking antibody at the 1:4 level to at
      least one type of poliovirus ranged between 20-30% until age 49 and then steadily
      increased to over 60% in the 60-69 and over 70-year groups. A retrospective
      history of vaccination was obtained from 264 of the 308 persons in the 1971
      collection. As expected these showed rather poor correlation with the presence or
      absence of antibody and were considered to be unsatisfactory as an index of
      immunity.

PMID- 164771
TI  - Familial occurrence of Wilms' tumor: nephroblastoma in one of monozygous twins
      and in another sibling.
AB  - We report the occurrence of pathologically documented Wilm's tumor in a 24-month
      old male twin and just 9 months later in his 12-month-old male sibling. We
      considered the twins to be monozygotic because of their phenotypic similarities,
      the probability computed from analysis of blood groups, and the comparison of
      their dermatoglphics. There were no other persons in the kindred with either
      tumor or associated malformations, and the parents were not consanguineous.
      Because of the frequency of Wilm's tumor, the few instances of demonstrated
      occurrence in siblings seem insufficient to postulate monogenic determination.
      Concordance in monozygotic twins has simply not been proven. The monozygotic
      unaffected twin of our first patient has remained without evidence of tumor to 5
      years, and, as long as he remains so, he appears to represent an exception to the
      hypothesis of the mutagenic origin of this childhood tumor.

PMID- 164773
TI  - Partial unilateral cryptophthalmos with syndactyly, brachycephaly, and renal
      anomalies.
AB  - The cryptophthalmos syndrome consists of cryptophthalmos, dyscephaly, syndactyly,
      and genitourinary abnormalities. A 2-year-old girl had unilateral partial
      cryptophthalmos associated with brachycephaly, unilateral syndactyly, and
      unilateral poor renal visualization.

PMID- 164772
TI  - Hypogonadism in Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - Sexual development was evaluated in 9 female and 2 male subjects with Prader
      Willi syndrome. The process of sexual development and degree of genital
      development attained were found to be variable but abnormal in all subjects.
      Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal functions were evaluated by measurement of serum
      Luteinizing Hormone and plasma testosterone responses to stimulation by
      clomiphene citrate and plasma testosterone responses to stimulation by human
      chorionic gonadotrophin. The degree of vaginal estrogenization was variable. The
      testicular biopsies showed abnormalities mainly in the germinal epithelium. In
      agreement with previous studies, it was concluded that the abnormalities of
      sexual development in this syndrome are mainly due to a defect in the
      hypothalamic pituitary axis. Adrenal function was not found to be grossly
      abnormal. The 17 ketosteroid excretion values were low, probably explaining the
      rather sparse pubic and axillary hair observed in these patients. The urinary 17
      hydroxycorticosteroid creatinine ratios were found to be elevated, probably due
      to decreased creatinine excretion, reflecting the muscular abnormalities of these
      subjects.

PMID- 164774
TI  - Possible etiologic factors in external root resorption.

PMID- 164775
TI  - A cytoplasmic body in human fetal endothelium.
AB  - We describe a crystalloid-containing inclusion in the cytoplasm of human fetal
      cells believed to be endothelium. We do not know whether it is peculiar to the
      fetal period, nor do we know its function.

PMID- 164776
TI  - An experimental mouse testicular teratoma as a model for neuroepithelial
      neoplasia and differentiation. I. Light microscopic and tissue and organ culture
      observations.
AB  - The various stages of divergent neuroepithelial differentiation were studied in
      the solid transplants of a transplantable mouse testicular teratoma (OTT-6050)
      maintained in both ascitic and solid forms. They included: a) areas of
      undifferentiated medullary epithelium corresponding to the rare human
      medulloepithelioma; b) areas of neuroblastic differentiation corresponding to
      neuroblastoma, with more mature neuronal differentiation corresponding to
      ganglioneuroma or, when mixed with glial elements, to ganglioglioma; and c) more
      mature neuroglial areas resembling astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or ependymoma,
      as well as more primitive areas corresponding to ependymoblastoma. In tissue
      culture using collagen-coated coverslips, astrocytic differentiation was found in
      the outgrowth zone after 15 days, confirmed by immunofluorescence with antibodies
      to an astroglia-specific protein. In organ culture systems, glial components,
      including ependymal structures, were preserved in tumor explants, and astrocytic
      differentiation, as expressed by glial fiber formation, was increased after 4 to
      6 weeks in vitro. No neuronal differentiation was demonstrable, however. The
      neuroepithelial component of this experimental teratoma may provide a model for
      the study of neoplastic neuroepithelial differentiation.

PMID- 164778
TI  - Light and electron microscopic studies on human temporal arteries with special
      reference to alterations related to senescence, atherosclerosis and giant cell
      arteritis.
AB  - Temporal artery biopsy specimens from 26 patients of various ages with and
      without giant cell arteritis afforded an opportunity to examine several
      ultrastructural features of these human muscular arteries, including senescent
      and atherosclerotic alterations and the fine structural pathology of temporal
      arteritis. The unusual pathologic features of temporal arteritis were found
      superimposed on the progressive accumulation of smooth muscle cells, collagen and
      occasional discrete intimal atherosclerotic plaques in the intima of aging
      arteries. Two features of giant cell arteritis were conspicuous: first, the
      accumulation of large numbers of histiocytes and epitheloid and giant cells at
      the intimal-medial junction and second, fragmentation, degeneration and
      dissolution of the internal elastic lamina. The close proximity of the
      granulomatous reaction to the degenerating lamina suggests that these two aspects
      of the pathologic picture are in some way related, and possible immunologic
      mechanisms of this relationship are discussed on the basis of the ultrastructural
      findings.

PMID- 164777
TI  - Endocrine secretory mechanisms. A review.

PMID- 164779
TI  - A progressive glomerulosclerosis occurring in partial five-sixths nephrectomized
      rats.
AB  - A chronic renal disease was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in young adult Wistar
      albino male rats. Groups of 3 rats were killed at varying time intervals from 10
      to 50 weeks after nephrectomy, and the glomerular structure was studied by light
      and electron microscopy. By light microscopy, increase in glomerular size and
      hypertrophy of the visceral glomerular epithelial cells were evident as early as
      the tenth week. Significant degree of glomerular hyalinization started on the
      25th week and gradually became more extensive in involvement towards the 50th
      week. By electron miscroscopy, the hypertrophied glomerular epithelia showed many
      osmiophilic bodies and vacuoles in their cytoplasm and fusion of foot processes.
      Beginning on the 30th week, increase of the mesangial matrix was quite evident,
      and endothelial and epithelial cells disappeared from the areas where the
      increase was prominent. The increased matrix gradually encroached and occluded
      capillary lumina and Bowman's space, leading to a formation of obsolescent
      glomeruli. Whether or not these glomerular changes are due to the glomerular
      hyperfiltration which has been known to occur after 5/6 nephrectomy remains to be
      elucidated.

PMID- 164780
TI  - Enhancement of therapeutic ratio in radiotherapy of brain neoplasms.

PMID- 164781
TI  - Thymus-dependent lymphocyte levels during radiation therapy for bronchogenic and
      esophageal carcinoma: correlations with clinical course in responders and
      nonresponders.

PMID- 164782
TI  - A comparison of scans and angiograms in selecting patients with hepatomas for
      hepatic lobectomy.

PMID- 164784
TI  - Attenuation of monoenergetic gamma rays in tissues.

PMID- 164783
TI  - Combined irradiation and chemotherapy for sarcomas of the pelvis in females.

PMID- 164785
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas. Results from the Vermont Tumor Registry.

PMID- 164786
TI  - Factors affecting long-term survival of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - From January 1963 to December 1968, 148 patients underwent thoracotomy for
      bronchogenic carcinoma. In 123 patients either lobectomy or pneumonectomy was
      performed (resectability rate of 84 per cent). The over-all operative mortality
      was 3.4 per cent. Forty of the patients undergoing resection (34 per cent) are
      alive and free of cancer five years after surgery. Tumor size, nodal involvement,
      cell type, location, symptoms, and extent of surgery were studied in relation to
      the long-term results. Five year survival was directly related to the size of the
      tumor and the extent of nodal involvement. No patients with mediastinal nodal
      involvement or with lesions larger than 7 cm in diameter were among the long-term
      survivors.

PMID- 164787
TI  - Congenital mesoblastic nephroma of infancy.

PMID- 164788
TI  - A general procedure for the manual sequencing of small quantities of peptides.

PMID- 164789
TI  - A modified assay of 3':5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 164790
TI  - Inhibition of the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase of leukocyte membranes by p
      nitrophenyl phosphate preparation.

PMID- 164791
TI  - A continuous-flow system for the growth of RNA tumor viruses.

PMID- 164792
TI  - A radiometric technique for measuring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in
      femtomole quantities: methodology and application.

PMID- 164794
TI  - Determination of metabolites by observing the change in reaction rate during the
      early course of a first order reaction, as applied to fructose-1 phosphate.

PMID- 164793
TI  - Separation of cyclic AMP from adenine and hypoxanthine, their nucleosides and
      nucleotides by high voltage paper electrophoresis.

PMID- 164795
TI  - Postanal changes in the localization of glucose 6-phosphatase activity within the
      liver lobule of the mouse.
AB  - The change in the localization of glucose 6-phosphatase activity within the liver
      lobule of the mouse was studied during development. From one day before birth to
      three days after birth, a uniform localization of the activity was observed
      throughout the lobule. This uniform localization of the acitvity gradually
      changed to that of the adult type, characterized by a relatively higher activity
      in periportal areas, between three to ten days of age. This indicates that the
      postnatal growth of the liver is accompanied by a change in the pattern of the
      localization of this enzyme activity within the liver lobule. Further, the
      biochemical results showed that the elevated activity after birth was reduced to
      the level seen in adult at ten days of age. Thus, the reduction in the level of
      the enzyme activity during ten days after birth corresponds to a redistribution
      of the enzyme activity within the liver lobule.

PMID- 164796
TI  - Interferon and its role in poultry health.

PMID- 164797
TI  - Infectious laryngotracheitis: the virus and the immune response.

PMID- 164798
TI  - Infectious bursal disease virus: antigen production and immunity.

PMID- 164799
TI  - Immunity to fowlpox.
AB  - Protection against fowlpox develops following vaccination or natural infection.
      The immune response can be measured for variable times either by challenging
      immunity of vaccinated birds for protection or by various serologic tests, e.g.,
      viral neutralization, agar gel precipitation, complement fixation, passive
      hemagglutination, fluorescent antibody, and immunoperoxidase methods. Variation
      in the antibody response measured by these tests may be due to concentration of
      antibody present and sensitivity of the test employed. Available information
      suggests that both humoral and cellular immunity are involved in protection.
      There is a possibility of persistence of virus in latent infections which also
      might be responsible for protection.

PMID- 164800
TI  - Avian viral arthritis: antigenic types and immune response.
AB  - Serums from broiler breeders of an integrated broiler operator were examined for
      precipitin antibodies using antigens prepared from preliminary reovirus serotypes
      represented by WVU-2937, Reo-25, Reo-59, and Fahey-Crawley virus. The precipitin
      antibodies were present in most of the flocks. Virus neutralization tests
      indicated that the reovirus responsible for viral arthritis represented by WVU
      2937 was not present in the breeder flocks, but antibodies to Reo-25, Reo-59, and
      the Fahey-Crawley viruses were present.

PMID- 164801
TI  - Immunity to transmissible (coronaviral) enteritis of turkeys (bluecomb).
AB  - Turkey flocks recovering from natural and laboratory induced coronaviral
      enteritis developed lifelong immunity. Virus neutralization tests indicated that
      neutralization capacity of serums from recovered turkeys was low. One-way cross
      challenge test using turkeys inoculated with various bluecomb isolates revealed
      close antigenic relationship or antigenic identity among bluecomb isolates. The
      controlled application of intestinal preparations containing coronavirus as a
      vaccination procedure had value in developing active lasting immunity but it has
      limitations in areas that are attempting to eliminate the disease by a
      depopulation program. Killed vaccines injected parenterally did not produce a
      detectable immunity.

PMID- 164802
TI  - Comments on the etiology and immunity of transmissible (coronaviral) enteritis of
      turkeys (bluecomb).

PMID- 164803
TI  - Avian encephalomyelitis: the virus and immune response.

PMID- 164804
TI  - Ulcerative enteritis--clostridial antigens.
AB  - The causative agent of ulcerative enteritis (UE) is a clostridium and it is
      believed that it belongs to a new, hitherto undescribed species. It has been
      named, tentatively, Clostridium colinum. Transmission experiments carried out
      with artificial cultures of this clostridium have clarified some aspects of the
      pathogenesis of UE and have brought into focus other aspects of its pathogenesis,
      epizootiology, and immunology that need to be investigated. Support for research
      is needed: 1) To investigate the distribution in nature of C colinum. For this
      purpose the development of more suitable selective and differential culture
      mediums should be encouraged. 2) To further study the pathogenesis of UE through
      application of the fluorescent labeled antibody procedure. 3) To search for
      toxins produced by this clostridium, possibly through use of ligated intestinal
      loops in chickens. 4) To develop a quick and simple means for the differential
      diagnosis of UE. Use of a fluorescent antibody test has been suggested as an area
      of research to fill this need.

PMID- 164805
TI  - Comments on ulcerative enteritis.

PMID- 164806
TI  - Colloquium on immunity to selected infectious avian diseases. Epilogue.

PMID- 164807
TI  - Experimentally induced respiratory syncytial viral infection in calves.
AB  - Calves exposed by intranasal (IN) or intratracheal (IT) or both routes of
      inoculation to bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) virus had a transient increase
      in body temperature for 2 days. Histopathologic changes indicative of pneumonia,
      along with multinucleated giant cells, were observed in alveolar lumen. The virus
      was recovered from infected calves, and their serologic response was poor. In a
      limited serologic survey with 100 serums from cattle in Maryland, low levels of
      serum-neutralizing (SN) antibody to the virus were prevalent in 38% of the
      serums.

PMID- 164808
TI  - Immunity and the level of neutralization antibodies in foals and mares vaccinated
      with a modified live-virus rhinopneumonitis vaccine.
AB  - Foals (farms 1 and 2) and mares (farms 1 and 3) vaccinated with a commercially
      available rhinopneumonitis vaccine were tested for the level of antibodies and
      for protection against the natural infection. The serum-neutralization (SN)
      antibody titers against equine herpesvirus type 1 were 1:8 or less in the
      majority of foals and 1:16 or higher in about 10%. The level of the nasal
      secretory antibody in the foals (farm 2) was less than 1:4. The vaccinated foals
      did not show any apparent respiratory tract infection for about 6 months and then
      an epizootic of respiratory tract disease appeared on farm 1 involving 3 foals.
      From each of these 3 foals herpesvirus was isolated. On farm 1, about 50% of the
      vaccinated mares aborted, and on farm 3, there were no abortions. Isolations of
      herpesvirus were made from 5 of the 6 aborted fetuses (farm 1). The SN antibody
      titers of the pregnant mares in the 2 farms at the time of foaling were high.

PMID- 164809
TI  - Colon and rectal cancer in the young adult.
AB  - 801 patients with colon and rectal cancer were studied to assess the behavior of
      this cancer in the patient under 40 years of age as contrasted to the more
      commonly seen older patient. The younger patient had a greater frequency of
      advanced signs, later stages of cancer and mucoid carcinoma. However, when
      compared by clinical staging, the younger patient did as well or better than his
      older counterpart. Clinical staging was the most important prognostic factor
      irrespective of age. No inherent difference was found in the virulence of the
      cancer in the young, as the five-year survival in the younger patient (31
      percent) was essentially the same as in the older patient (32 percent).

PMID- 164810
TI  - Pathophysiology of acupuncture: nervous system transmission.
AB  - As far as we know, this is the first scientific report which shows distinctly
      that acupuncture is transmitted directly by the nervous system and the
      performance of analgesic acupuncture requires an intact nervous system. The more
      distal the acupuncture treatment is given upon the nerve, the greater the degree
      of analgesia is afforded. The slowing from a normal awake beta to a normal awake
      alpha electroencephalographic rhythm may have some effect on the patient's pain
      perception but further investigation is required.

PMID- 164811
TI  - Surgical intervention in intestinal amebiasis.
AB  - Operative intervention in patients with unrecognized and untreated amebomas or
      acute fulminating amebic colitis may result in severe complications.
      Nevertheless, certain clinical presentations of intestinal amebiasis require
      surgical procedures varying from drainage of an abscess to a subtotal colectomy.
      If, in patients with acute fulminating amebic colitis, the signs or symptoms of
      intraperitoneal or impending perforation develop, unremitting diarrhea associated
      with anemia and hypoproteinemia continues, or localized abscsses fail to improve
      with chemotherapy, operative intervention is indicated. Complications of amebomas
      that require operative intervention include failure to respond to chemotherapy,
      perforation, hemorrhage, ulceration, stricture or fistula formation and
      obstruction. Anti-amebic chemotherapy can reduce intestinal complications so
      elective operative procedures should be delayed to allow time for adequate
      treatment.

PMID- 164812
TI  - [Hypoglycemic convulsions and hypopituitarism].
AB  - A case of hypopituitarism in a female, aged 6 months, whose first symptom
      consisted of hypoglycemic convulsions is reported. Making use of TRH we confirm
      the hypothalamic origin of pituitary failure. Substitution therapy controlled the
      episodes of convulsions and normalized the growth rate of the child.

PMID- 164813
TI  - [Value of ultracentrifugation in the study of hyperlipoproteinemias].

PMID- 164814
TI  - Collagenase activity in epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity and larynx.
AB  - Summary--Tumor invasion requires the breadkdown of the main structural protein,
      collagen. A series of fourteen epidermoid carcinomas of the larynx and oral
      cavity produced a collagen dissolving enzyme in vitro as demonstrated by the
      breakdown of 14C-labeled collagen. Oral cavity tumors showed greater activity
      than laryngeal carcinomas while both sites were more active than uninvolved
      mucosa from the same patients. Tumor associated collagenase activity, in common
      with previously described collagenases, can only be demonstrated in vitro and
      requires protein synthesis. Maximum tumor collagenase occurred at 24 hours in
      vitro and then declined as compared with the maximum collagenase at 72 hours in
      vitro produced by oral cavity mucosa. The 14 patients in our series were ranked
      in order of the collagenase activity of their tumors. At 18 months after the
      diagnosis, four of the six patients with the most active tumors were dead of
      cancer and one patient was alive with persistent cancer. High collagenase
      activity may be a factor in the clinical aggressiveness of epidermoid carcinomas
      of the head and neck.

PMID- 164815
TI  - Primary oat-cell carcinoma of head and neck.
AB  - Summary--A case of primary oat-cell carcinoma of the larynx in a 68-year-old
      white female is described, bringing to a total of three the reported cases in the
      world literature. The tumor is highly malignant and notorious for the speed with
      which  it metastasizes. Treatment should be aggressive from the beginning. We
      believe that even for a localized tumor of this kind, a minimal procedure should
      be widefield laryngectomy with elective radical neck dissection even if
      clinically, nodes are not palpable. Since the tumor is highly radiosensitive,
      radiotherapy should be used postoperatively.

PMID- 164816
TI  - The biochemistry of collagen.
AB  - Collagen synthesis and subsequent extracellular stabilization and turnover are
      multi-step processes. The sequence of events in these processes is reviewed and
      correlated with collagen pathologies.

PMID- 164817
TI  - Erythropoietin production in renal tumors.
AB  - A review of the pertinent literature on the relation of erythropoietin production
      to the presence of renal neoplasm suggests that erythropoietin may be produced
      either directly by the tumor or indirectly by its physical effect on the
      adjoining normal renal tissue. The most commonly found tumors which are
      associated with elevated levels of serum and urinary erythropoietin are the
      hypernephromas. However, the presence of erythropoietin and an associated
      erythrocytosis even here occurs only relatively infrequently. Some studies have
      demonstrated the presence of erythropoietin activity in tumor tissue itself but
      erythropoietin has not been isolated from renal tumor tissue. In some patients
      with Wilms' tumor, erythropoietin blood levels may also be increased; however,
      erythrocytosis in these patients is not a characteristic feature. Other renal
      tumors rarely produce erythrocytosis and presumably no erythropoietin. Possible
      explanations for the production of erythropoietin by renal tumors are discussed.

PMID- 164818
TI  - Vestibular mechanisms.

PMID- 164819
TI  - Hormonal regulation of the reproductive tract in female mammals.

PMID- 164820
TI  - [Experimental effect of bruneomycin on the energy metabolism of liver tissue].
AB  - The effect of an antitumor antibiotic bruneomycin on the energy metabolism in the
      liver tissue was studied. Four hours after the drug administration the
      consumption of glycogen and glucose in the liver tissue increased because of
      glycogenolysis activation, which was evident from increased activity of
      prosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, hexokinase and summation glycolytic activity.
      24 and 48 hours after the antibiotic administration the balance of consumption
      and resynthesis of phosphate macroergs in the liver tissue impaired, which was
      evident from decreased levels of ATP, impairement of conjugation of the processes
      of oxidation due to impairement of permeability and structural integrity of the
      mitochondrial membranes. Further decrease in the glycogen liver levels was mainly
      due to suppressed resynthesis of glycogen because of destructive-necrotic
      processes. Simultaneously the processes of glycolytic splitting of glucose
      decreased which was evident from decreased activity of the enzymes and summation
      glycolytic activity.

PMID- 164822
TI  - Production of hydrogen cyanide by Pseudomonas fluorescens.
AB  - Two Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates were found to produce hydrogen cyanide when
      cultured on either Trypticase soy agar supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract or on
      irradiation-sterilized chicken.

PMID- 164821
TI  - Interpretation of the tube coagulase test for identification of Staphylococcus
      aureus.
AB  - The tube coagulase test is a valid means of identifying Staphylococcus auerus,
      provided that only a firm clot that does not move when the tube is tipped is
      considered a positive reaction. The widely promulgated interpretation that all
      degrees of clotting in coagulase plasma are a positive identification of S.
      auerus was disproved by the use of other tests such as anaerobic glucose
      fermentation, thermonuclease production, and lysostaphin sensitivity. It was
      found that the source of supply of the coagulase plasma is a factor in the
      occurrence of false-positive coagulase test results. The use of a mixture of pig
      and rabbit plasma in the tube coagulase test is also discussed.

PMID- 164823
TI  - Reconstitution of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate- and
      reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-peroxidase activities from solubilized
      components of rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 164824
TI  - Purification and chemical characterization of the major glycoprotein of avian
      myeloblastosis virus.

PMID- 164825
TI  - The use of steady-state treatment in the rapid kinetics of horse liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase. The effect of addition of product on the "burst" reaction.

PMID- 164826
TI  - Further characterization of mitochondrial protein phosphatase.

PMID- 164827
TI  - Biological activity of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat.

PMID- 164829
TI  - Electron spin resonance study on peroxidase- and oxidase-reactions of horse
      radish peroxidase and methemoglobin.

PMID- 164828
TI  - Uptake patterns and transport enhancements in cultures of hamster cells deprived
      of carbohydrates.

PMID- 164830
TI  - The oxidation-reduction characteristics of cytochrome b5 in hen liver microsomes.

PMID- 164831
TI  - The fluidity and organization of mitochondrial membrane lipids of the brown
      adipose tissue of cold-adapted rats and hamsters as determined by nitroxide spin
      probes.

PMID- 164832
TI  - Cytochrome c oxidase biosynthesis and assembly in Candida utilis yeast cells.
      Subunit structure and molecular weight determination.

PMID- 164833
TI  - Cytochrome c oxidase biosynthesis and assembly in Candida utilis yeast cells.
      Function of copper in the assembly of active cytochrome c oxidase.

PMID- 164834
TI  - A technique for the isolation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase mutants with altered
      substrate specificity.

PMID- 164835
TI  - Effect of thyroid hormone administration on synthesis and degradation of
      cytochrome c in rat liver.

PMID- 164836
TI  - Lipid-protein interactions in mitochondria. The effect of protein interaction on
      susceptibility of phospholipids to phospholipase A2 and C hydrolysis.

PMID- 164837
TI  - Letter: Vitamin E treatment of dermolytic bullous dermatoses.

PMID- 164838
TI  - Prediction of adult height from height, bone age, and occurrence of menarche, at
      ages 4 to 16 with allowance for midparent height.
AB  - Multiple regression equations for predicting the adult height of boys and girls
      from height and bone age at ages 4 and upwards are presented. There is a separate
      equation for each half year of chronological age; and for pre- and postmenarcheal
      girls at ages 11 to 14. These are based on longitudinal data from 116 boys and 95
      girls of the Harpenden Growth Study and the London group of the International
      Children's Centre longitudinal study. The bone age used is the revised version of
      the Tanner-Whitehouse standards, omitting the score for carpal bones (RUS age, TW
      2 system). Boys aged 4 to 12 are predicted in 95% of instances to within plus or
      minus 7 cm of true height, and at ages 13 and 14 to within plus or minus 6 cm.
      Girls ages 4 to 11 are predicted to within plus or minus 6 cm; premenarcheal
      girls aged 12 and 13 to within plus or minus 5 and plus or minus 4 cm,
      respectively; and postmenarcheal girls aged 12 and 13 to within plus or minus 4
      and plus or minus 3 cm, respectively. Prediction can be somewhat imporved by
      allowing for midparent height. One-third of the amount that midparent height
      differs from mean midparent height is added or subtracted. An alternative system
      of equations which are based on initial classification by bone age rather than
      chronological age is given. These have about the same accuracy as the equations
      based on initial classification by chronological age, but allowance for bone age
      retardation is less. It is not clear which system is preferable. The equations
      probably apply to girls complaining of tall stature and boys or girls complaining
      of shortness and needing reassurance as to normality. In clearly pathological
      children, such as those with endocrinopathies, they do not apply.

PMID- 164840
TI  - In vitro studies on the differential toxicity of metronidazole in protozoa and
      mammalian cells.

PMID- 164841
TI  - Seminoma of the anterior mediastinum.
AB  - Primary pure cell seminoma of the mediastinum is a rare and potentially fatal
      lesion. Encroachment on or invasion of adjacent structures is common, as are
      distant metastases. The differentiation between pure cell seminomas and mixed
      germ cell tumors should be made since the extreme radiosensitivity of seminomas
      improves the prognosis. The presence of metastases from primary mediastinal
      seminomas, as with testicular germinomas, need not be a deterrent to long-term
      cure. Recommended therapy consists of total or subtotal removal, radiation
      therapy (2,500 to 3,500 rads delivered over 2 to 4 weeks), and, in some patients,
      chemotherapy. A patient who was successfully treated with subtotal removal and
      irradiation is presented.

PMID- 164842
TI  - Bronchial adenoma.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with bronchial adenoma have been treated in U.S. Army
      hospitals. These included 27 with carcinoid, 3 with mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and
      3 with adenoid cystic carcinoma. No deaths could be directly related to the
      adenomas during an average follow-up of 14.5 years.

PMID- 164843
TI  - Editorial: How extensive the resection for bronchial adenoma?

PMID- 164839
TI  - Bone and ageing.

PMID- 164844
TI  - Excitation-contraction uncoupling. The effect of hyperosomolar glycerol solution
      and antrolene sodium on mammalian muscle in vitro.
AB  - In the rat hemidiaphragm, in vitro dantrolene sodium irreversibly reduced twitch
      tension up to 20% of the original value in 20 minutes of exposure. The phenomenon
      was dose related. Dantrolene sodium did not affect (1) resting membrane potential
      (IMP); (2) miniature endplate potential frequency of amplitude; or (3) endplate
      potential amplitude decrement of repetitively stimulated partially curarized
      muscle. A combination of hyperosmolar solutions of glycerol and dantrolene sodium
      abolished contraction of mammalian muscle with no demonstrable effect on
      neuromuscular transmission or muscle fiber RMP. With this technique, prolonged
      recording from repetitively activated muscle fibers is possible.

PMID- 164845
TI  - Histochemistry of trauma after electrode implantation and stimulation in the
      hippocampus.
AB  - Electrodes were implanted into the rat hippocampus in both hemispheres for
      increasing periods of up to 60 days, and the effects of trauma and electrical
      stimulation of enzymes controlling cell metabolism in the region of implantation
      were examined and assessed in relation to studies on humans. In the unstimulated
      hippocampus as a control, enzyme changes were mainly confined to a narrow area of
      tissue damage surrounding the electrode. The enzyme changes in response to trauma
      varied widely; some enzymes controlling tissue respiration showed early and rapid
      changes, increasing in hyperactive, swollen glial cells and vascular endothelium
      and decreasing in nerve cells and neuropile. Acid phosphatase activity also
      increased rapidly in glial cells; other phosphate-releasing enzymes increased
      more gradually with time. A turning point in these chages was apparent between 25
      and 40 days, followed by a reversion to more normal levels at 60 days. Electrical
      stimulation of the hippocampus in the contralateral hemisphere produced no
      detectable enzyme changes from those of the unstimulated hippocampus.

PMID- 164847
TI  - Mechanism of colistin-induced neuromuscular depression.
AB  - The effect of a high concentration of the antibiotic colistin sulfate on
      neuromuscular transmission was examined by recording intracellularly from rat
      diaphragm blocked with tubocurarine chloride. The presynaptic effect of colistin
      was different from that of neomycin sulfate, which reduces the probability of
      acetylcholine release: Colistin reduced that the quantum content of the initial
      and the last 20 end-plate potentials of a train of 40 stimuli without altering
      the probability of acetylcholine release. The quantum size was reduced, while the
      frequency of miniature end-plate potentials was unchanged.

PMID- 164846
TI  - Toxic polyneuropathy due to methyl n-butyl ketone. An industrial outbreak.
AB  - Cases of toxic distal polyneuropathy have been studied in a plant producing
      plastic-coated and color-printed fabrics. After the screenig of 1,157 employees,
      a total of 86 verified cases were detected. Of these, 11 were moderate to severe
      in intensity and usually with motor and sensory involvement; 38 were mild, with
      sensory signs prevailing; and 37 were minimal, but with characteristic electro
      diagnostic abnormalities. Muscle weakness and electromyographic abnormalities
      were predominantly distal. Reflex loss was minimal. Sensory deficits were distal
      and limited to pain, touch, and temperature discrimination with occasional loss
      of vibration sense. The distribution of involvement severity of the disorder, and
      temporal course of the outbreak correlated with exposure with methyl n-butyl
      ketone. After elimination of this agent improvement was noted in the majority of
      cases.

PMID- 164849
TI  - Methysergide in the treatment of narcolepsy.
AB  - Five patients with narcolepsy (four with the allied symptom of cataplexy) were
      treated with the serotonin antagonist methysergide. All patients had as good
      control of their sleep attacks while on methysergide therapy as on a control
      period of dextroamphetamine therapy. The cataplexy was less well controlled by
      methysergide than by dextroamphetamine, but improved when compared to a period
      without medication. Two patients developed severe calf claudication while on
      methysergide.

PMID- 164848
TI  - Adrenoleukodystrophy. Electron microscopic findings.
AB  - Ultrastructural and neurochemical studies were done on three male patients with
      adrenoleukodystrophy. In each case, the affected white matter contained enlarged
      glial cells filled with pathognomic intracytoplasmic inclusions consisting of
      electron-lucent spicules bounded by 25-Angstrom wide membranes. Similar
      inclusions were present in adrenocortical cells. These findings and a review of
      47 reported cases indicate that adrenoleukodystrophy is a storage disorder caused
      by a sex-linked recessive error of metabolism.

PMID- 164850
TI  - Morphologic and biochemical study of dissociated rat parotid gland acini
      stimulated in vitro.

PMID- 164851
TI  - Components of the organic matrices of bone and dentine isolated only after
      digestion with collagenase.

PMID- 164852
TI  - Identification and estimation of plasma proteins in human dentine.

PMID- 164853
TI  - Procollagen synthesis in cell culture: nascent chain population consistent with
      polycistronic mRNA.

PMID- 164854
TI  - Structural analysis of nonradioactive RNA by postlabeling: the primary structure
      of baker's yeast tRNA Leu/CUA.

PMID- 164856
TI  - The effect of the redox state of the bound iron-sulphur centres in spinach
      chloroplasts on the reversibility of P700 photooxidation at low temperatures.

PMID- 164855
TI  - Collagenase and bone resorption: isolation of collagenase from culture medium
      containing serum after stimulation of bone resorption by addition of parathyroid
      hormone extract.

PMID- 164857
TI  - Glycogen synthesis by a strain of Ehrlich ascites tumor.

PMID- 164859
TI  - Oxidation of vanadium IV by cytochrome c oxidase: evidence for a terminal copper
      pathway.

PMID- 164858
TI  - Transfer of the tumor inducing factor in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

PMID- 164861
TI  - Synthesis of an affinity chromatography column designed for recovery of labile
      proteins.

PMID- 164860
TI  - Protection of renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase against degradation in
      vitro by ATP, cyclic AMP and amino acids.

PMID- 164862
TI  - Spectroscopic properties of low-spin ferrous heme complexes and hemeproteins at
      77degrees K.

PMID- 164863
TI  - A transformation-dependent difference in the heparan sulfate associated with the
      cell surface.

PMID- 164864
TI  - Resolution of cyclic AMP stimulated protein kinase from polymerization-purified
      brain microtubules.

PMID- 164865
TI  - Angiotensin I (Phe8-His9) hydrolase - studies with renin substrates.

PMID- 164866
TI  - Photochemical study of the interaction of phenothiazine derivatives with spin
      labelled lecithin multibilayers.

PMID- 164867
TI  - Cyclic AMP and colicin synthesis.

PMID- 164868
TI  - Indomethacin and the role of prostaglandins in adipose tissue.

PMID- 164869
TI  - Effect of parathyroid hormone and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on renal carbonic
      anhydrase.

PMID- 164870
TI  - Effects of anti-inflammatory and other compounds on the release of lysosomal
      enzymes from macrophages.

PMID- 164871
TI  - The dopamine vascular receptor.

PMID- 164873
TI  - Diabetogenic activity of deoxy-2-(((ethylnitrosoamino) carbonyl)amino)-D
      glucopyranose.

PMID- 164872
TI  - Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and vascular reactivity in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.

PMID- 164874
TI  - Pharmacological reversal of cholestasis-associated decrease in hepatic cytochrome
      P-450.

PMID- 164875
TI  - Inhibition of rat hepatic guanylate kinase by 6-thioguanosine-5'-phosphate and 6
      selenoguanosine-5'-phosphate.

PMID- 164876
TI  - Effect of catecholamine analogs on the glycogen concentration in mouse parotid
      gland--relationship to adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels and increased
      deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.

PMID- 164877
TI  - [Antigenic characteristics of hamster cells transformed by polyoma virus].
AB  - A hamster cell line derived from a polyoma virus induced tumour (G-Py) was found
      positive for TSTA and S antigen detected by the surface immunofluorescence
      technique.  Lung metastases were observed in some hamster able to reject a G-Py
      cell challenge dose injected by intradermal route.

PMID- 164878
TI  - [Double clone in cells of pleural effusion caused by metastasis of oat cell
      carcinoma of the lung].
AB  - The Authors report a chromosome study carried out on pleural effusion cells from
      metastases of oat cell carcinoma.  They observed a double cell clone: the former,
      with 44 chromosomes, with various alterations of the karyotype and a big
      acrocentric "marker", the latter, with 45 chromosomes with various alterations of
      the karyotype and a big submetacentric "marker".  From these observations the
      Authors draw some interpretative considerations.

PMID- 164879
TI  - Neurotoxicity of acrylamide and its analogues and effects of these analogues and
      other agents on acrylamide neuropathy.
AB  - N-Hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, and N,N-diethylacrylamide produce
      peripheral neuropathy in rats. Seven other compounds related to acrylamide do not
      produce neuropathy. Rats given one of the three neurotoxic compounds are more
      susceptible to acrylamide. A regime for testing acrylamide analogues for neuro
      toxicity is suggested. DDT, phenobarbitone, or high dietary concentrations of
      vitamin A or E have no effect on the development of acrylamide neuropathy in
      rats. Acrylamide produces neuropathy in hens but not in frogs or goldfish.

PMID- 164880
TI  - A cohort study of bronchial carcinomas in workers producing chromate pigments.
AB  - A cohort study of the incidence of bronchial cancer in male workers in a small
      company producing chromate pigments is presented. Altogether 133 workers had been
      employed by the company from the time production was started in 1948 until the
      end of 1972. Workers with more than three years employment were included in the
      study, and three cases of bronchial carcinoma were found among the 24 workers who
      fulfilled this requirement. Based on the data of the Cancer Registry of Norway
      the risk of bronchial cancer for a corresponding group of the general population
      was found to be 0.079, which gives a risk ratio for exposed workers of
      approximately 38. The average age of the cancer patients was as low as 50 years
      at the time of diagnosis. All workers in the company had been exposed mainly to
      zinc chromate dust, and the exposure levels of the workers developing bronchial
      cancers had probably been from 0-5 to 1-5 mg Cr/m-3 for six to nine years. Two of
      the three patients were smokers. It is assumed that exposure to chromate
      pigments, and probably to zinc chromate, may be related to the increased
      incidence of bronchial cancer in this group of workers. The possibility of a
      contributing effect of tobacco smoking in at least two of the three cases cannot
      be ruled out.

PMID- 164881
TI  - Long-term effects on the health of men engaged in the manufacture of tolylene di
      isocyanate.
AB  - A prospective study of workers engaged in the manufacture of tolylene di
      isocyanate (TDI) was carried out over nine years. The study was in two parts: (1)
      assessment of the symptoms and ventilatory function of men working on the plants
      who did not complain of respiratory symptoms; (2) assessment of the long-term
      effects in men who were removed from the plants because of respiratory symptoms.
      Use of the MRC Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms in a group of 76 TDI workers
      showed no significant differences in symptoms compared with 76 control subjects.
      Annual lung function tests were carried out on 180 asymptomatic men with possible
      exposure to TDI. The relationship of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second
      (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) to the height, age, and duration of
      exposure was examined by linear regression analysis. The equations formulated did
      not differ significantly from those calculated for non-TDI exposed subjects. Thus
      exposure to very small concentrations of TDI does not necessarily cause symptoms
      or a drop in ventilatory capacity. Forty-six TDI workers who had developed
      symptoms reported more long-term symptoms than a comparable number of controls.
      The difference was significant at the 1% level. Ventilation test records of 61
      TDI workers who had developed symptoms were available since it was possible to
      use the records of men who had left the company. The lung function of this group
      was matched against predicted figures obtained from a control group of 608
      subjects living in the same area as the exposed group but not exposed to TDI. It
      was found that the FEV1 of the affected men was on average 267 ml lower than
      predicted, and the FVC 269 ml lower. These findings are confirmed by examination
      of the indivdual records of a futher 20 men.

PMID- 164882
TI  - Studies of the viral flora in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
AB  - Fifty patients suffering from KCS and exhibiting various patterns of corneal
      staining with fluorescein were examined for adenovirus types 3, 7, 8, and 14,
      herpes simplex, and the TRIC group by tissue culture and immunofluorescein
      techniques. No viruses were detected by either methods, and it is considered that
      presumption of virus involvement in these cases is untenable.

PMID- 164883
TI  - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in the parotid gland--a case report.
AB  - A recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (storiform fibrocytic histiocytoma)
      in the parotid gland of a 50-year-old Nigerian male is reported. Recent knowledge
      of the histiogenetic origin of the tumor is mentioned.

PMID- 164884
TI  - Interaction of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with beef heart s-malate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The interaction of NADH with s-malate dehydrogenase isolated from beef heart was
      studied in 20 mM potassium phosphate (pH 6.9)-1 mM EDTA, with forced dialysis,
      fluorescence, and temperature-jump techniques. Measurements of the change in
      fluorescence of NADH when it is titrated with enzyme indicate NADH bound to
      monomeric and dimeric enzyme have different fluorescence yields. These data and
      the results of direct binding studies can be explained in terms of a model in
      which the NADH binding sites on dimeric enzyme are equivalent or nearly
      equivalent, and NADH binding to monomeric enzyme occurs with an affinity very
      similar to that of the dimer. However, the fluorescence enhancement of NADH on
      binding to the enzyme is different for the monomer and for each of the two dimer
      sites.

PMID- 164885
TI  - Conformational flexibility of angiotensin II. A carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation
      study.
AB  - Carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) have been determined for the carbon
      in the octapeptide hormone [5-isoleucine]-angiotensin II in aqueous solution. Two
      possible models for molecular motion are considered: isotropic overall motion of
      the hormone with internal motion of some residues and anisotropic overall
      molecular motion. The data are interpreted in detail using the former model. The
      alpha carbons of the peptide backbone are all equally restricted in their motion.
      The correlation time for overall molecular reorientation, calculated from an
      everage T1 value of 95 msec for the alpha carbons in the peptide backbone, is ca.
      5 times 10-10 sec. The carbons in the side chains are more mobile than those in
      the peptide backbone, with the exception of the side chain of the Tyr residue
      which does not undergo rapid segmental motion. We propose that [5-isoleucine]
      angiotensin II has a restricted backbone conformation and that the alpha carbons
      of the N- and C-terminal residues are constrained to nearly the same extent as
      the remaining alpha carbons in the peptide backbone. Chemical shift data indicate
      that the Pro residue adopts the trans conformation about the His-Pro bond and
      that the imidazole ring of His has a strong preference for the N-tau -H tautomer.

PMID- 164886
TI  - Purification of the sex steroid binding protein from human serum.
AB  - The sex steroid binding protein from human pregnancy serum was purified to
      homogeneity by affinity chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The selective adsorbants were prepared by coupling [3H]-5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone 17beta-hemisuccinate to 3,3'-diaminodipropylamine-agarose,
      poly(Lys-DLAla)-agarose, and albumin-agarose. The most effective adsorbant
      purifying for the binding protein was 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone 17beta
      hemisuccinyl-3,3'-diaminodipropylamine-agarose. A preparative procedure with
      5alpha-dihydrotestosterone 17beta-hemisuccinyl-3,3'-diaminodipropylamine-agarose
      yielded active material which was further purified by preparative polyacrylamide
      electrophoresis at pH 9.5. Homogeneity was shown by analytical disc gel
      electrophoresis at three different pH units. A single radioactive band
      corresponding to the stained band was shown by incubating with [1,2-3H]-5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone prior to electrophoresis. The radioactive peak corresponding
      to the pure sex steroid binding protein could not be detected when a 100-fold
      excess of 17beta-estradiol was present in the incubation prior to electrophoresis
      demonstrating the specific sex steroid binding properties of this protein. The
      migration of this peak was identical with that obtained when diluted serum was
      electrophoresed under the same conditions in the presence of [1,2-3H]-5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone indicating that no significant changes in the molecular
      characteristics of the binding protein occurred during the purification
      procedure. The presence of carbohydrate in the pure protein was shown by the
      periodic acid-Schiff reagent procedure. Selective adsorbants containing 17beta
      estradiol linked at the 3 position were ineffective in retaining sex steroid
      binding protein activity.

PMID- 164887
TI  - Studies on interaction between histone V (f2c) and deoxyribonucleic acids.
AB  - Histone V (2fc) from chick erythroctes was used in the study of its interaction
      with DNA from various sources. Complexes between this histone and DNA were formed
      using the procedure of continuous NaCl gradient dialysis in urea. Two physical
      methods, namely thermal denaturation and circular dichroism (CD), were used as
      analytical tools. Thermal denaturation of nucleohistone V with chick or calf
      thymus DNA shows three melting bands: band I at 45-50 degrees corresponds to free
      base pairs; band II at 75-79 degrees, and band III at 90-93 degrees correspond to
      histone-bound base pairs. In histone-bound regions, there are 1.5 amino acid
      residues/nucleotide in nucleohistone V. In contrast, a value between 2.9 and 3.3
      was determined for nucleohistone I (fl) (H. J. Li (1973), Biopolymers 12, 287).
      Similar melting properties have been observed for histone V complexed with
      bacterial DNA from Micrococcus luteus. Histone V binding to DNA induces a slight
      transition from a B-type CD spectrum to a C-type spectrum. Trypsin treatment of
      nucleohistone V reduces melting band III much more effectively than band II. Such
      a treatment also restores DNA to B conformation in the free state. Reduction of
      the melting bands of nucleohistone V by polylysine binding follows the order of I
      greater than II greater than III, accompanied by the increase of a new band at
      100 degrees. When two bacterial DNAs of varied A + T (adenine + thymine) content
      simultaneously compete for the binding of histone V, the more (A " T)-rich DNA is
      selectively favored. Under experimental conditions described here, Clostridium
      perfringens DNA with 69% A + T is bound by histone V in preference to chicken DNA
      with 56% A + T although the latter has natural sequences for histone V binding.

PMID- 164888
TI  - The assay and isolation of DNA rings using an ATP-dependent endonuclease.
AB  - The ATP-dependent endonuclease from Hemophilus influenzae is relatively inactive
      on closed or open DNA rings, yet rapidly hydrolyzes single- or double-chained
      linear DNA. This enzyme in combination with an exonuclease (exo VII) has been
      shown to spare various circular DNA molecules including those having single-chain
      regions of significant length. However, rings containing single-chained regions
      are broken at a rate depending on the length of these regions. By admixing a
      linear DNA of alternate radiolabel, a simple assay for DNA rings has been
      developed. The application of this procedure to the assay of folded rings from
      Drosophila DNA is demonstrated.

PMID- 164889
TI  - Partial reconstitution of active ribosomes and 50S subunits.
AB  - Escherichia coli ribosomes and their 50S subunits disassembled by LiCl treatment
      can be reconstituted into structurally completed but inactive particles. However,
      peptidyltransferase and polyphenylalanine synthesizing activity can be partly
      recovered by the addition of methanol to the reconstitution system. Furthermore,
      entirely active ribosomes and 50S subunits are reconstituted when methanol is
      present during the initial treatment with LiCl to disassemble the ribosomal
      components. The presence of methanol (10% v/v) during this treatment diminished
      the release of some proteins but does not affect the separation of the 5S RNA.

PMID- 164890
TI  - Structures of gangliosides from bovine adrenal medulla.
AB  - Five gangliosides, accounting for over 95% of the total ganglioside fraction,
      were isolated from bovine adrenal medulla by preparative thin-layer
      chromatography and the carbohydrate structures determined by a combination of
      periodate oxidation and permethylation techniques. Partially methylated alditol
      acetates were generated from the neutral sugars of the fully methylated
      glycolipids and identified by gas-liquid chromatography. Substitution on N
      acetylgalactosamine was determined by methanolysis of the permethylated
      ganglioside, acetylation of the products, and identification of the resulting
      substituted methyl glycosides by GLC. Periodate oxidation followed by borohydride
      reduction confirmed some of the linkages and demonstrated the absence of (2-8)
      linkages between sialic acid units. Mass spectrometry of the permethylated
      gangliosides gave information on sugar sequence at the nonreducing end.

PMID- 164891
TI  - Structure-function relationships in glucagon: properties of highly purified des
      His-1-, monoiodo-, and (des-Asn-28, Thr-29)(homoserine lactone-27)-glucagon.
AB  - We have compared the ability of glucagon and three highly purified derivatives of
      the hormone to activate hepatic adenylate cyclase (an expression of biological
      activity of the hormone) and to compete with [125]glucagon for binding to sites
      specific for glucagon in hepatic plasma membranes. Relative to that of glucagon,
      biological activity and affinity of [des-Asn-28,Thr-29](homoserine lactone-27)
      glucagon, prepared by CNBr treatment of glucagon, were reduced equally by 40- to
      50-fold. By contrast, des-His-1-glucagon, prepared by an insoluble Edman reagent
      and highly purified (less than 0.5% contamination with native glucagon),
      displayed a 15-fold decrease in affinity but a 50-fold decrease in biological
      activity relative to that of the native hormone. At maximal stimulating
      concentrations, des-His-1-glucagon yielded 70% of the activity given by
      saturating concentrations of glucagon. Thus, des-His-1-glucagon can be classified
      as a partial weak agonist. Highly purified monoiodoglucagon and native glucagon
      displayed identical biological activity and affinity for the binding sites. Our
      findings suggest that the hydrophilic residues at the terminus of the carboxy
      region of glucagon are involved in the process of recognition at the glucagon
      receptor but do not participate in the sequence of events leading to activation
      of adenylate cyclase. The amino-terminal histidyl residue in glucagon plays an
      important but not obligatory role in the expression of hormone action and
      contributes to a significant extent in the recognition process.

PMID- 164892
TI  - The mechanism of microsomal and mitochondrial nitroreductase. Electron spin
      resonance evidence for nitroaromatic free radical intermediates.
AB  - Electron spin resonance spectra are observed during the enzymatic reduction of
      many nitrophenyl derivatives by rat hepatic microsomes or mitochondria. The
      spectra indicate that nitroaromatic anion radicals are present and are freely
      rotating in aqueous solution at a steady-state concentration of 0.1-6 muM. The
      rate of formation of p-nitrobenzoate (NBZO) dianion radical in microsomal
      incubates is consistent with the radical being an obligate intermediate in the
      reduction of NBZO to p-aminobenzoic acid. A model system consisting of NBZO,
      NADPH, and FMN, but no heme-containing compounds, also reduced NBZO to the NBZO
      dianion free radical. The steady-state concentration of the anion radicals in
      microsomal systems is not altered by CO. This observation, together with the
      results from the model system, suggests that the formation of nitroaromatic anion
      radicals is mediated through a flavine and not cytochrome P-450. The oxidation of
      the anion radical intermediate by O2 to the parent nitro compound is proposed to
      account for the well-known O2 inhibition of microsomal nitroreductase.

PMID- 164894
TI  - Steroidal 21-diazo ketones: photogenerated corticosteroid receptor labels.
AB  - The 21-diazo derivatives of 9 alpha-fluoro- and 9 alpha-bromo-21
      deoxycorticosterone, 21-deoxycorticosterone, and progesterone were synthesized
      for use as photoaffinity labels for corticosteroid receptors. In the isolated
      toad bladder system, 9 alpha-bromo-21-diazo-21-deoxycorticosterone was as active
      as d-aldosterone and more active than 9 alpha-fluoro-cortisol in augmenting
      active Na+ transport. The activities of 21-diazoprogesterone and progesterone
      were equal; both were much less potent than d-aldosterone, however. These results
      indicate that the 21-diazo derivatives had significant functional activity in the
      toad bladder system. The rat kidney slice system was used to estimate the
      relative affinities of the diazo steroids for aldosterone receptor sites by
      competition experiments. At 100-fold excess of competitor to [3-H]aldosterone,
      the order of affinities was 9 alpha-fluoro-21-diazo-21-deoxycorticosterone
      greater than 9 alpha-bromo-21-diazo-21-deoxycorticosterone greater than 21
      diazoprogesterone. Moreover, 9 alpha-bromo-21-diazo-21-deoxycorticosterone
      reduced binding of [3-H]aldosterone to cytoplasmic and nuclear forms of the
      receptor proportionately. On the basis of competition for [3-H]corticosterone
      binding, presumably to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), the order of
      affinities was 21-diazo-21-deoxycorticosterone greater than 21-diazoprogesterone
      greater than 9 alpha-bromo-21-diazo-21-deoxycorticosterone. These findings
      indicate that 21-diazo steroids may be suitable as photogenerated affinity labels
      for mineralocorticoid receptors. The tritiated derivative, [1,2-3-H]-9 alpha
      bromo-21-diazo-21-deoxycorticosterone (specific activity 25 Ci/mol) was
      synthesized and used in model experiments on photogenerated covalent binding to
      rat plasma proteins. Irradiation with uv light resulted in binding of [1,2-3-H]-9
      alpha-bromo-21-diazo-21-deoxycorticosterone to plasma proteins, that was
      resistant to extraction with methylene dichloride and did not exchange with
      unlabeled corticosterone. The diazocorticosteroids, therefore, may have the
      requisite functional and selectivity properties for photoaffinity labeling of
      corticosteroid-binding proteins. Further studies are needed, however, to assure
      that photogenerated labeling with these steroids was site specific.

PMID- 164893
TI  - Iodohexestrols. II. Characterization of the binding and estrogenic activity of
      iodinated hexestrol derivatives, in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The affinity of ortho-iodinated hexestrols for the estrogen binding protein from
      rat uterus, determined by competitive binding assay, decreases with progressive
      iodine substitution; 3-iodohexestrol (I-Hex) has a binding affinity 42% that of
      estradiol. Analysis of [3-H]-I-Hex binding in rat uterine cytosol by sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation shows both an estrogen-specific binding component
      (8 S) and a more abundant component (4 S) that is not estrogen specific.
      Scatchard analysis indicates that this latter binding is of high affinity (Kd
      equals to 3.7-8.3 times 10- minus-9 M) but is not uterine specific.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that most of the [3-H]-I-Hex binding
      activity in serum and uterine cytosol is distinct from and anodic to the
      principal protein component (albumin), and that is comigrates with [14
      C]thyroxine binding activity. In in vitro incubation of rat uteri, I-Hex can
      block the specific uptake of [3-H]estradiol into the nuclear fraction; it itself
      causes a translocation of estrogen-specific binding capacity (as measured by
      exchange) from cytoplasm to nuclei, and can induce the synthesis of an estrogen
      specific uterine protein, all under conditions where it is not metabolically
      deiodinated to hexestrol. The uterotrophic activities of the iodohexestrols are
      in most cases comparable to that expected on the basis of their competitive
      binding affinities. However, selective, estrogen-specific uptake of [3-H]-I-Hex
      into rat uterus, either in vitro or in vivo, cannot be demonstrated.

PMID- 164895
TI  - Physicochemical characterization of Rhesus low density lipoproteins.
AB  - The serum low density lipoprotein (LDL; p 1.019-1.050 g/ml) of the normal Macaca
      mulatta monkey (rhesus), kept on a low-fat Purina primate chow diet, was isolated
      by ultracentrifugal flotation, and its physicochemical properties were compared
      with those previously reported for human LDL. Rhesus LDL was found to be
      chemically similar to human LDL. The values for the sedimentation (S25, w-O) and
      diffusion (D25,w-O) coefficients were 7.09 S and 2.50 times 10- minus-7 cm-2 sec-
      minus-1, respectively. The intrinsic viscosity was 3.40 ml g- minus-1. The
      partial specific volume of rhesus LDL, determined in an Anton Paar precision
      density meter, was 0.960 ml g- minus-1. Molecular weights, calculated from a
      combination of S-O and D-O and of S-O and [n], were in agreement with the weight
      average molecular weight, Mw, of 2.29 times 10-6 obtained by high-speed
      sedimentation equilibrium. In addition, a Z-average molecular weight, Mz, of 2.73
      times 10-6 was calculated because curvature in the graphs of log c vs. r-2
      indicated that rhesus LDL was heterogeneous. From the frictional ratio of 1.02, a
      maximum hydration of 0.1 g of H2O/g of lipoprotein was obtained. On electron
      micrographs, rhesus LDL appeared spherical with a mean diameter of 196 A, which
      was substantiated by hydrodynamic analysis.

PMID- 164896
TI  - The specificity of different classes of ethylating agents toward various sites of
      HeLa cell DNA in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - The sites and extent of ethyl products of neutral ethylation of HeLa cell DNA by
      [14-C]diethyl sulfate, [14-C]ethyl methanesulfonate, and [14-C]ethylnitrosourea
      have been determined in vitro and in vivo, and found to differ significantly
      depending on the ethylating agents. Diethyl sulfate and ethyl methanesulfonate
      ethylate the bases of HeLa cell DNA in the following order: 7-ethylguanine
      greater than 3-ethyladenine greater than 1-ethyladenine, 7-ethyladenine greater
      than 3-ethylguanine, 3-ethylcytosine, O-6-ethylguanine. Ethyl bases accounted for
      84-87% of the total ethyl groups associated with HeLa cell DNA. Ethylnitrosourea,
      in contrast, has particular affinity for the O-6 position of guanine. It
      ethylates the bases of HeLa cell DNA in the following order: O-6-ethylguanine, 7
      ethylguanine greater than 3-ethyladenine greater than 3-ethylguanine, 3
      ethylthymine greater than 1-ethyladenine, 7-ethyladenine, 3-ethylcytosine.
      Ethylation of the bases only accounts for 30% of the total ethylation in the case
      of ethylnitrosourea. The remaining 70% of the [14-C]ethyl groups, introduced in
      vivo and in vitro, are in the form of phosphotriesters which after perchloric
      acid hydrolysis are found as [14-CA1ethanol and [14-C]ethyl phosphate. In
      contrast, phosphotriesters amounted to only 8-20% of total ethylation in in vivo
      or in vitro diethyl sulfate and ethyl methanesulfonate treated HeLa cell DNA, and
      25% of the total methylation in in vitro methylnitrosourea treated HeLa cell DNA.
      Alkylation at the N-7 and N-3 positions of purines in DNA destabilizes the
      glycosidic linkages. Part of 7-ethylguanine and 3-ethyladenine are found to be
      spontaneously released during the ethylation reaction. Incorporation of the 14-C
      of the alkylating agents into normal DNA bases of HeLa cells can be eliminated by
      performing the alkylations, in the presence of cytosine arabinoside, for 1 hr.

PMID- 164897
TI  - Different cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate requirements for induction of beta
      galactosidase and tryptophanase. Effect of osmotic pressure on intracellular
      cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate concentrations.
AB  - In this study we have tried to answer the following questions: (1) is it possible
      for different catabolite-repressible genes, although submitted to the same
      control, to be expressed selectively depending upon the growth conditions, and
      (2) what is the effect of increasing the osmolarity of the medium on the
      intracellular level of cAMP? Two conditions were found to cause a continuous
      variation of intracellular cAMP levels during growth. With different strains,
      higher cAMP levels are required for induction of the tryptophanase gene than one
      required for induction of the lactose operon. cAMP has been provided externally
      in adenyl cyclase minus cells of a mutant that has been made permeable by EDTA
      treatment. Although external cAMP concentrations, 10 times higher than the usual
      intracellular levels, are required for induction of beta-galactosidase and
      tryptophanase, the difference of requirements of cAMP is maintained. An increase
      in the osmolarity of the medium by sucrose addition causes a fourfold decrease in
      the intracellular cAMP level. As a consequence this prevents the induction of
      tryptophanase whereas beta-galactosidase is still inducible. After pulse
      induction, a difference in the kinetics of expression of the tryptophanase and
      beta-galactosidase genes was found. Its relationship with the previous results is
      discussed.

PMID- 164898
TI  - The role of superoxide radical in the autoxidation of cytochrome c.
AB  - The net rate of autoxidation of ferrocytochrome c was decreased by
      ferricytochrome c. Superoxide dismutase accelerated this autoxidation to a limit
      and overcame the inhibitory effect of ferricytochrome c. This was the case
      whether the autoxidationwas observed in the presence or in the absence of
      denaturants, such as alcohols orurea, and whether the superoxide dismutase used
      was the Cu-2+-Zn-2+ enzyme from bovine erythrocytes or the Mn-3+-enzyme from
      Escherichia coli. It can be deduced that the autoxidation of ferrocytochrome c,
      under a variety of conditions, geenerates O2 minus which can then dismute to H202
      + O2 or can reduce ferricytochrome c back to ferrocytochrome c. Superoxide
      dismutase, by accelerating the dismutation of O2 minus, prevents the back
      reaction and thus exposes the true rate of reaction of ferrocytochrome c with
      molecular oxygen.

PMID- 164899
TI  - 31-P nuclear magnetic resonance studies on serum low and high density
      lipoproteins: effect of paramagnetic ion.
AB  - A paramagnetic quenching reagent, Mn-2+/EDTA (1:2.2), was developed for the
      purpose of investigating the phospholipid phosphate groupings of human serum low
      and high density lipoproteins through the quenching effect of the reagent on the
      31-P nuclear magnetic resonance signals from these complexes. Systems
      investigated included native low and high density serum liproteins (LDL, HDL2,
      and HDL3), egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles together with appropriate
      phosphodiester model systems, diethyl phosphate in aqueous buffer, and
      phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin both in anhydrous methanol. The results of
      these studies indicated that ca. 50 percent of the phospholipid-phosphorus signal
      of LDL is quenched upon titration as compared to an 80-85 percent figure observed
      for HDL2 and HDL3. In all cases the spectral effects were totally reversible upon
      removalof the paramagnetic ion by dialysis. The results of the titration studies
      indicated a similar but not an identical behavior between HDL2 and HDL3. The
      results are consistent with model structures of HDL and LDL particles derived
      from low angle X-ray diffraction.

PMID- 164900
TI  - 2'-O-methylated oligonucleotides in ribosomal 18S and 28S RNA of a mouse
      hepatoma, MH 134.
AB  - Simple two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography was found to be useful for the
      separation of sugar methylated dinucleotides in RNA. Of the 16 possible sequences
      of the type Nm-Np, 15 were separated and all the sequences were determined. In a
      mouse hepatoma, MH 134, the levels of the sugar methylation in the 18S and 28S
      RNA molecules were 17-18 and 11-12 per 1000 nucleotides, respectively. Thus, 18s
      RNA contained approximately 35 2'-O-methylated dinucleotides and 28S RNA
      approximately 60 2'-O-methylated dinucleotides. The pattern of distribution was
      also distinct between these two molecules. Two 2'-O-methylated trinucleotides
      were identified in the 28S RNA with the sequences Um-Gm-Up and Um-Gm-psip. A
      unique 2'-O-methylated tetranucleotide was present also in the 28S RNA, the
      sequence of which was Am-Gm-Cm-Ap. The 5'-terminal nucleotides of both 18S and
      28S RNA were obtained as nucleoside 3',5'-diphosphates (pNp) in the trinucleotide
      fraction of the RNase T2 digest. The 5'-termimi of 18S and 28S RNA were pUp and
      pCp, respectively, and found to be almost homogeneous.

PMID- 164901
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of substrate interaction with cobalt
      substituted alcohol dehydrogenase from liver.
AB  - The role of zinc in liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been studied by replacement
      of 1.3 and 3.5 of the four Zn(II) ions with Co(II) and measuring the effects of
      the paramagnetic Co(II) on the relaxation rates of the protons of water, ethanol,
      and isobutyramide. Water relaxation studies at 8, 24, 100, and 220 MHz indicate
      two classes of bound Co(II). The similar to 2 readily replaced Co(II) ions retain
      one fast exchanging water proton in their inner coordination spheres, while the
      similar to 2 slowly exchanging Co(II) ions coordinate no detectable water
      protons, indicating that the former replaced Zn(II) at the "catalytic sites" and
      the latter replaced Zn(II) at the "structural sites" detected
      crystallographically. Ethanol, acetaldehyde, and isobutyramide bind with
      appropriate affinities to the Co(II) substituted alcohol dehydrogenases
      decreasing the number of fast exchanging protons at the catalytic Co(II) site by
      greater than or equal to 54 percent. Coenzyme binding causes smaller changes in
      the water relaxation rate which may be due to local conformation changes. The
      paramagnetic effects of Co(II) at the catalytic site on the relaxation rates of
      the methyl protons of isobutyramide at 100 and 220 MHz indicate that this analog
      binds at a site 9.1 A from the catalytic Co(II). This distance decreases to 6.9 A
      when NADH is bound, and a Co(II) to methyne proton distance of 6.6 A is
      determined indicating a conformation change leading to the formation of a second
      sphere enzyme-Co(II)-isobutyramide complex in which a hydroxyl or water ligand
      intervenes between the metal and the substrate analog. Similar behavior is
      observed in the enzyme-ethanol complexes. The paramagnetic effects of Co(II), at
      the catalytic site, on the relaxation rates of the protons of ethanol at 100 and
      220 MHz, indicate that this substrate bind at a site 12-14 A distant from the
      catalytic Co(II) but that this distancedecreases to 6.3 A in the abortive enzyme
      NADH-ethanol complex. The role of the catalytic Co(II) thus appears to be the
      activation of a hydroxyl or water ligand which polarizes the aldehyde carbonyl
      group by hydrogen bonding. The role of the structural Co(II), which is more
      distant from isobutyramide (9-11 A), may be that of a template for protein
      conformation changes. By combining the present distances with those from previous
      magnetic resonance studies on the liver enzyme, the arrangement of coenzyme,
      metal, and substrate at the active site in solution can be constructed. This
      arrangement is consistent with that of ADP-ribose and zinc in the crystalline
      complex of liver alcohol dehydrogenase as determined by X-ray crystallography
      (Branden et al., (1973), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.70, 2439).

PMID- 164902
TI  - Flexibility of coupling and stoichiometry of ATP formation in intact
      chloroplasts.
AB  - Since coupling between phosphorylation and electron transport cannot be measured
      directly in intact chloroplasts capable of high rates of photosynthesis, attempts
      were made to determine ATP/2 e ratios from the quamdum requirements of glycerate
      and phosphoglycerate reduction and from the extent of oxidation of added NADH via
      the malate shuttle during reduction of phosphoglycerate in light. These different
      approaches gave similar results. The quantum requirement of glycerate reduction,
      which needs 2 molecules of ATP per molecule of NADPH oxidized was found to be pH
      dependent. 9-11 quanta were required at pH 7.6, and only about 6 at pH 7.0. The
      quantum requirement of phosphoglycerate reduction, which consumes ATP and NADPH
      in a 1/1 ratio, was about 4 both at pH 7.6 ant at 7.0. ATP/2 e ratios calculated
      from the quantum requirements and the extent of phosphoglycerate accumulation
      during glycerate reduction were usually between 1.2 and 1.4, occasionally higher,
      but they never approached 2. Although the chloroplast envelope is impermeable to
      pyridine nucleotides, illuminated chlrooplasts reduced added NAD via the malate
      shuttle in the absence of electron acceptors and also during the reduction of
      glycerate or CO2. When phosphoglycerate was added as the substrate, reduction of
      pyridine-nucleotides was replaced by oxidation and hydrogen was shuttled into the
      chloroplasts to be used for phosphoglycerate reduction even under light which was
      rate-limiting for reduction. This indicated formation of more ATP than NADPH by
      the electron transport chain. From the rates of oxidation of external NADH and of
      phosphoglycerate reduction at very low light intensities ATP/2e ratios were
      calculated to be between 1.1 and 1.4. Fully coupled chloroplasts reduced
      oxaloacetate in the light at rates reaching 80 and in some instances 130 mumoles
      times mg-1 chlorophyll times h-1 even though ATP is not consumed in this
      reaction. The energy transfer inhibitor phlorizin did not significantly suppress
      this reduction at concentrations which completely inhibited photosynthesis.
      Uncouplers stimulated oxaloacetate reduction by factors ranging from 1.5 to more
      than 10. Chloroplasts showing little uncoupler-induced stimulation of
      oxaloacetate reduction were highly active in photoreducing CO2. Measurements of
      light intensity dependence of quantum requirements for oxaloacetate reduction
      gave no indication for the existence of uncoupled or basal electron flow in
      intact chloroplasts. Rather reduction is brought about by loosely coupled
      electron transport. It is concluded that coupling of phosphorylation to electron
      transport in intact chloroplasts is flexible, not tight. Calculated ATP/2e ratios
      were obtained under con a decreENG

PMID- 164903
TI  - The iron electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) of 4-Fe clusters in iron
      sulfur proteins from Chromatium and Clostridium pasteurianum.
AB  - Iron electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) measurements were made of the 4-Fe
      clusters in oxidized Chromatium high-potential iron-sulfur protein, dithionite
      reduced high-potential iron-sulfur protein in 80% dimethylsulphoxide, fully
      reduced Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin in aqueous solution and in 80%
      dimethylsulfoxide. The hyperfine couplings determined show that: i) the electron
      distribution in each case is nearly symmetric; ii) there are two types of iron in
      oxidized high potential iron-sulfur protein; iii) only one type of iron is
      observed in each fully reduced 4-Fe cluster; iv) the data also suggest a greater
      electron delocalization onto the ligands as compared to the 2-Fe ferredoxins.

PMID- 164904
TI  - Studies on the active transfer of reducing equivalents into mitochondria via the
      malate-aspartate shuttle.
AB  - 1. The effects of mitochondrial energy states onthe extramitochondrial NADH/NAD
      ratio via a reconstituted malate-aspartate shuttle have been investigated. 2. The
      transfer of reducing equivalents into isolated mitochondria is stimulated by ATP
      and by electron transport. The effect of ATP is inhibited by oligomycin. The
      effect of electron transport is inhibited by uncouplers. 3. Uncoupling of the
      mitochondria is required for rapid transfer of reducing equivalents out of the
      mitochondria. 4. A glutamate-stimulated entry of aspartate into energized
      mitochondria suggests that the malate-aspartate shuttle is to some extent
      reversible even in a high energy state of the mitochondria. 5. It is concluded
      that the malate-aspartate shuttle contributes to the formation of the skewed
      redox situation across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which has a more reduced
      inside.

PMID- 164905
TI  - Mitochondria from human term placenta. I. Isolation and assay conditions for
      oxidative phosphorylation.
AB  - Human term placental mitochondria were resolved by differential centrifugation
      into three fractions, heavy mitochondria, light mitochondria and a third, less
      dense fraction. Approximately equal amounts of mitochondrial protein were found
      in the three fractions. These mitochondrial preparations differed in physical
      properties. ATPase and "ADPase" content and oxidative capacities. Assay
      conditions were developed which permitted the polarographic measurement of
      respiration and coupled phosphorylation carried out by all three mitocondrial
      preparations despite the variable nucleotide-phosphate phosphatase activities
      present. With heavy mitochondria, rates of respiration were consistently higher
      than those previously reported for unfractionated placental mitochondria.
      Respiratory control ratios were comparable to those of mitochondria from other
      steroid hormone-producing endocrine tissues and ADP/O ratios approaching the
      theoretical maxima were obtained. Both lighter placental mitochondrial fractions
      displayed somewhat lower respiration rates and respiratory control but their
      primary defect was a selective uncoupling of the third site of energy
      conservation. Modification of isolation procedures were evaluated in terms of
      quantitative yield and functional activity of the three fractions.

PMID- 164906
TI  - Multiple molecular forms of phosphoprotein phosphatase. III. Phosphorylase
      phosphatase and phosphohistone phosphatase of rabbit liver.
AB  - 1. Phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase EC 3.1.3.16) in
      the soluble fraction of rabbit liver which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of
      muscle phosphorylase a and phosphohistone (P-histone) was resolved into three
      active fractions by NaCl gradient elution from a DEAE-cellulose column (Fraction
      I, 11 and III in order of elution). They have different relative reaction rates
      for the two substrates and different degrees of stimulation by Mn-2+. Apparent Km
      values of Fraction I, II and III were 15, 20 and 16 muM for phosphorylase a, and
      6.9, 5.3 and 4.4 muM for P-histone, respectively (with Mn-2+ in the assay
      mixture). 2. On sucrose density gradient centrifugation Fraction I and II were
      revealed to contain a major peak (7.0 S and 7.8 S, respectively) and a minor peak
      (4.0 S) of activity, while Fraction III contained only one peak (5.8 S). Freezing
      and thawing in the presence of 0.2 M mercaptoethanol dissociated all three
      fractions into subunits of similar molecular size (3.4 S), with concomitant
      enhancement of phosphorylase phosphatase activity. The Km values all became
      essentially the same (20 muM for phosphorylase a and 16 muM for P-histone). 3.
      The phosphorylase phosphatase and P-histone phosphatase activities could not be
      separated with any of the procedures described. Competition between the two
      phosphoprotein substrates was observed with some of the fractions.?

PMID- 164907
TI  - An interpretation of the three line EPR spectrum of nitric oxide hemeproteins and
      related model systems: the effect of the heme environment.
AB  - The EPR spectra of the nitric oxide (NO) derivatives of structurally perturbed Fe
      (II) hemeproteins show various patterns, all of which are characterized by the
      conspicuous three-line hyperfine splitting due to 14NO, in contrast to that of
      the native proteins. For the purpose of obtaining structural information from
      these three line spectra, the model systems were studied, which consist of NO,
      heme (or TPP-Fe(II), where TTP means alpha, beta, gamma, delta
      tetraphenylporphine) and the nitrogenous base, pyridine or quinoline, which,
      respectively, give the native type or the three line (perturbed type) EPR
      spectrum. The ring proton paramagnetic shift of quinoline in this system shows
      that it is not coordinated to NO-TPP-Fe(II) as a normal axial ligand, in contrast
      to pyridine which gives the shift pattern of the ordinary axial ligation. This
      observation suggests that in the NO-hemeproteins some perturbations of the
      protein structure cause the rupture or distortion of the bond between the
      imidazole nitrogen on the fifth coordination site and the heme iron, resulting in
      the three line spectrum. The EPR study of the model systems, the pentacoordinated
      complex, NO-heme and NO-TPP-Fe(II), in various media revealed that the
      pentacoordinated species indeed exhibits, depending upon its environment, a
      variety of spectra, which closely reproduce the three line patterns observed in
      the perturbed proteins and some related model systems. Such spectral variation
      can be attributed to the difference in the degree of quenching the internal
      motion and/or the structural heterogeneity caused by molecular environment.

PMID- 164908
TI  - An extended Scatchard analysis for competitively bound ligands and its
      application to cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate and cyclic 5'-amido-5'
      deoxyadenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate binding to beef skeletal muscle protein.
AB  - A method for determining the dissociation constants of ligands and ligand analogs
      is described. It is based on competition binding studies in the presence of an
      isotope-labeled, or otherwise measurable, ligand and suitable analog
      concentrations. The steps used are determination of (1) the maximal amount of
      radioactive ligand that can be bound, (2) the slopes and intercepts from
      Scatchard plots at different analog concentrations and (3) the values for the
      dissociation constants of radioactive ligand and ligand analog from replots of
      the reciprocals of the slopes and intercepts obtained from the Scatchard plots.
      Application of the method to a cyclic AMP-binding protein from beef muscle is
      demonstrated, yielding dissociation constants of 2.10-9 M for cyclic (3H) AMP and
      cyclic AMP, and 3.10-5 M for cyclic 5'-amido-5'-deoxyadenosine-3', 5'
      monophosphate.

PMID- 164909
TI  - Hormone action at the membrane level. IV. Epinephrine binding to rat liver plasma
      membranes and rat epididymal fat cells.
AB  - [3-H]Epinephrine binding to isolated purified rat liver plasma membranes is a
      reversible process. An initial peak in binding occurs at about 15 min and a
      plateau occurs by 50 min. Optimal binding occurred at a membrane protein
      concentration of 125mug. Rat liver plasma membranes stored at-70 degrees C up to
      4 weeks showed no difference in epinephrine binding capacity as compared to
      control fresh membranes. Epinephrine binding to liver plasma membranes was
      decreased by 79% by phospholipase A2 (phosphatide acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.4), 81%
      by phospholipase C (phosphatidylcholine choline phosphohydrolase EC 3.1.4.3) and
      59% by phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase EC 3.1.4.4).
      Trypsin and pronase digestion of the membrane decreased epinephrine binding by 97
      and 47% respectively. In the presence of 10-3M Mg-2+ ions, increasing
      concentrations of QTP decreased epinephrine binding to liver plasma membranes. A
      maximal effect was demonstrated with 10-5M GTP, representing an inhibition of 52%
      of the control. In a Mg-2+ -free system, epinephrine binding was unaffected by
      GTP. However, in a Mg-2+ -free system, increasing concentrations of ATP cause
      increasing inhibition of hormone binding. ATP at 10-3 M reduced epinephrine
      binding to 28% of the control. GRP (10-5 M) was shown to inhibit epinephrine
      uptake rather than epinephrine release from the membrane. [3-H]Epinephrine
      binding to isolated rat epididymal fat cells shows an initial peak within 5 min
      followed by a gradual rise which plateaus after 60 min. Epinephrine binding
      increased nearly linearly with increasing fat cell protein concentration (40-200
      mug protein). GTP (10-5 M) and ATP (10-4 M) decreased epinephrine binding to rat
      epididymal fat cells by 41%. Nearly complete inhibition of binding was
      demonstrated with 10-2-10-3M ATP. Epinephrine analogs that contain two hydroxyl
      groups in the 3 and 4 position on the benzene ring act as inhibitors of [3
      H]epinephrine binding to rat adipocytes. Alteration of the epinephrine side chain
      has relatively little influence on binding. Analogs in which one of the ring
      hydroxyl groups is missing or methylated are poor inhibitors of [3-H]epinephrine
      binding. Alpha-(phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine) and beta-(propranolol and
      dichorisoproterenol) adrenergic blocking agents were tested with respect to their
      ability to influence [3-H]epinephrine binding and their influence on epinephrine
      stimulated lipolysis. Only dichloroisoproterenol significantly inhibited
      epinephrine binding (by 25%). The two beta-adrenergic blocking agents caused an
      inhibition of epinephrine-stimulated glycerol release, with propranolol being
      most effective. Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine had no significant effect on
      the epinephrine stimulation of glycerol release by fat cells.

PMID- 164910
TI  - Sodium + potassium-activated ATPase of mammalian brain. Regulation of phosphatase
      activity.
AB  - 1. The K+-nitrophenylphosphatase activity associated with mammalian brain (Na+ +
      K+)-ATPase displays K+ activation curves that have intermediary plateaus and
      maxima in the presence of less than saturating concentrations of Na+. Zero Na+
      and saturating Na+ produce sigmoid K+-activation curves with low and high K+
      affinities respectively. 2. ATP inhibits K+-activated nitrophenylphosphatase
      through both competitive and non-competitive mechanisms. ATP is synergistic with
      Na+ in the mechanism which converts the enzyme from low to high K+ affinity. 3.
      The Na+ and K+ interactions can be accounted for by equations which describe a
      model with separate regulatory sites for Na+ and K+ and with K+- requiring
      catalytic site which is only accessible in one of the two principal
      conformational stages of the enzyme. 4. The effects of ATP can be accounted for
      by the same model through interactions at a single nucleotide binding site.
      Inhibition which is competitive with K+ and non-competitive with substrate arises
      from stabilization of the inactive enzyme conformation. Inhibition which is non
      competitive with K+ and competitive with substrate results from interactions with
      the active enzyme conformation. The synergism between Na+ and ATP appears to
      arise as a consequence of the formation of phosphoryl enzyme. 5. A model for (Na+
      + K+)-ATPase is discussed which involves in-phase coupling of subunit
      interactions as suggested by these studies.

PMID- 164911
TI  - Interaction of Clostridium perfringens theta-haemolysin, a contaminant of
      commercial phospholipase C, with erythrocyte ghost membranes and lipid
      dispersions. A morphological study.
AB  - Commercially available preparations of phospholipase C from Clostridium
      perfringens are commonly contaminated with theta haemolysin, one of a group of
      bacterial haemolysins called oxygen labile (O-labile) haemolysins. Treatment of
      erythrocyte ghosts and a mixed lipid dispersion containing cholesterol with
      commercially available phospholipase C in the absence of Ca-2+ and the presence
      of phosphate buffer and/or EDTA resulted in the formation and release of ring or
      arc-shaped structures. Highly purified phospholipase C, free of theta-haemolysin,
      produced no changes in the morphology of erythrocyte ghosts or lipid dispersions
      in the presence of phosphate or EDTA, but caused the formation of typical
      diglyceride droplets in the presence of Ca-2+ in the absence of these inhibitors.
      Ring structures, identical to those caused by commercial phospholipase C, were
      formed on addition of highly purified theta-haemolysin to erythrocyte ghost
      membranes, lipid dispersions containing cholesterol and cholesterol dispersions,
      but not on treatment of membranes from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Heat
      inactivated O-haemolysin (60 degrees C for 10 min) produced no such effects. The
      dimensions of rings and arcs displayed heterogeneity. The outside diameters in
      various preparations varied from approx. 27-58 nm with border thickness of 4.1
      7.8 nm.

PMID- 164912
TI  - An EPR study of structural perturbations induced by methylindole in the protein
      and lipid regions of erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - 3-Methylindole has been shown in previous work to cause pulmonary edema and
      emphysema in cattle and goats. In this paper, evidence is presented to show that
      3-methylindole induces structural perturbations in bovine erythrocyte membranes.
      The structural perturbations which were induced as a function of 3-methylindole
      concentration in the membranes were measured by EPR using the attachment of
      maleimide spin label to the sulfhydryl groups of membrane proteins and by
      intercalation of methyl-5- doxylstearate, methyl-12-doxylstearate, and methyl-16
      doxylstearate into the lipid region. The EPR spectra of the malemide spin-labeled
      membrane proteins became more immobilized as the concentration of 3-methyl-indole
      increased. The order parameter describing the EPR spectra of methyl-5
      doxylstearate decreased from 0.69 to 0.55 as the concentration of 3-methylindole
      increased. The acyl chains in the region of the carbon 5 position were converted
      to a less ordered structure. The EPR-spectra of methyl-12-doxylstearate was a
      superposition representing at least three tumbling rates. As the concentration of
      3-methylindole increased, the major fraction of the methyl-12-doxylstearate
      probes experienced an increase in tumbling rate and a smaller fraction is
      observed a strongly immobilized state. The EPR spectra of methyl-16-doxylstearate
      were not perceptibly changed in the presence of 3-methylindole. The concentration
      dependence suggests that 3-methylindole preferentially intercalates into the
      ordered region of the alkyl chains sampled by the methyl-5-doxylstearate. These
      results confirm that 3-methylindole induced structural changes at the molecular
      level.

PMID- 164913
TI  - Cellular binding sites for insulin in rat liver.
AB  - A study of the sites of insulin binding in subcellular fractions of rat liver is
      reported. A method for the isolation of liver plasma membranes, which permits one
      to follow quantitatively the distribution of all the parameters of interest, was
      modified and applied to the study of the cellular topography of insulin binding.
      The insulin binding capacity did not follow closely the enzyme marker (5'
      nucleotidase) for plasma membranes when differential centrifugation schemes were
      used, and the divergence from this marker was more prominent when separations
      were performed on discontinous sucrose gradients.  A significant amount of
      insulin binding capacity was always present in fractions with higher density than
      those containing the majority of 5'-nycleotidase. Results of studies on linear
      sucrose gradients have disclosed in some of the purified membrane fractions small
      but consistent differences in density of the insulin binding, and plasma membrane
      particles. It is suggested that there may be several types of intracellular
      membranes to which insulin can bind besides the plasma membranes.

PMID- 164914
TI  - Cyclic adenosine monophosphate receptor: effect of cyclic AMP analogues on DNA
      binding and proteolytic inactivation.
AB  - The cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli in the presence of cyclic AMP
      undergoes a conformational change resulting in an increased affinity for DNA and
      an increased susceptibility to attack by proteolytic enzymes resulting in loss of
      DNA binding capacity. Of several cyclic nucleotides tested only cyclic AMP and
      cyclic tubercidin monophosphate are able to effect the conformational transition
      in cyclic AMP receptor protein, prerequisite to proteolytic inactivation or DNA
      binding. Other analogues such as cyclic GMP or cyclic IMP which are competitive
      inhibitors of cyclic AMP do not support DNA binding or proteolytic inactivation.

PMID- 164915
TI  - Depression by NAD of x-ray-induced repair-type DNA synthesis in toluene-treated
      Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - NAD prevents a DNA repair-type synthesis that is dependent on polymerase I in
      toluene-treated, X-irradiated Bacillus subtilis. In unirradiated preparations,
      NAD had little effect on an ATP-dependent, semiconservative synthesis but
      partially inhibited a repair-type synthesis. In a mutant lacking polymerase I
      (polA1-), the presence of NAD did not affect dTTP utilization in DNA synthesis.
      Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) partially reverses the NAD inhibition of repair
      type DNA synthesis. NADP and FAD were ineffective as substitutes for NAD. Since
      NAD is the cofactor for polynucleotide ligase in Bacillus subtilis and NMN is
      known to discharge AMP from the active AMP ligase complex, it is proposed that
      activation of DNA ligase reduces dTMP incorporation by reducing sites for, or
      limiting DNA polymerase I action.

PMID- 164916
TI  - On the role of tryptophan residues in the mechanism of action of glyceraldehyde
      3phosphate dehydrogenase as tested by specific modification.
AB  - A method is described to selectively modify one of the three tryptophan residues
      of the subunit of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from yeast.  As
      modifying agent dimethyl (2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl) sulfonium bromide was used. 
      The residue which is modified by the procedure described has been identified as
      Trp-193.  There are either one or two molecules of the modifying agent being
      added to this tryptophan side chain.  The modification apparently does not cause
      a detectable conformational change of the protein as judged from the methods
      employed.  However, the enzymatic activities in the dehydrogenase as well as in
      the esterase reactions are lost after the modification.  It could be established
      that the modification rendered the enzyme unable to bind the oxidized coenzyme. 
      Also the charge-transfer interaction between enzyme and coenzyme could no longer
      be observed.

PMID- 164917
TI  - Changes in cyclic AMP-dependent protein dinase activity in Tetrahymena pyriformis
      during the growth cycle.
AB  - An adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase II (ATP:protein
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) was partially purified from the cytosol fraction
      of an exponentially growing culture of Tetrahymena pyriformis.  Protein kinase II
      represented approximately 90% of the cytosolic protein kinase activity.  The
      enzyme had a high degree of substrate specificity for calf thymus and Tetrahymena
      histones as compared to casein, protamine and phosvitin.  The enzyme incorporated
      the terminal phosphate of ATP into serine and threonine residues of all the
      histone fractions.  The apparent Km of the enzyme for adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) was 1-10-minus 8 M.  Protein kinase II was also
      activated by other cyclic nucleotides with apparent Km values in the range 2.k-10
      minus 6 M.  Ther specific activity of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase of
      Tetrahymena decreases markedly from initial high values during the transition
      from the lag to early log phase of growth.  This is followed by a shrp increase
      in the activity of the enzyme as the log phase of growth progresses.  The
      specific activity of the enzyme increases rapidly during the heat-induced
      synchronization of Tetrahymena cells.  The capacity for rapid phosphorylation of
      multiple classed of organelle-specific phosphoproteins and the level of cyclic
      AMP were maximal in Tetrahymena during the earliest phase of growth.  These
      results demonstrate that the cell cycle of Tetrahymena may be coordinated by
      marked variations in the level of cyclic AMP which in turn regulate the cyclic
      AMP-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 164918
TI  - Investigation of the adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic phosphate binding site of pig brain
      histone kinase with the aid of some analogues of adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic
      phosphate.
AB  - 2'-O-Chloroacetyl cyclic AMP, 2'-O-acrylyl cyclic AMP and N-6, 2'-O-diacrylyl
      cyclic AMP were synthesized by the reaction of cyclic AMP with chloroacetic and
      acrylic anhydrides, respectively.  Selective O-deacylation of N-6, 2'-O-diacrylyl
      cyclic AMP yielded N-6 -monoacrylyl cyclic AMP.  In the reaction of gamma
      mercaptobutyric acid with 8-bromo cyclic AMP, 8-(gamma-carboxypropylthio) cyclic
      AMP was obtained.  The compounds synthesized and other cyclic AMP analogues (8
      bromo cyclic AMP and adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic sulphate) were tested for ability to
      interact with the highly purified pig brain histone kinase.  All compounds under
      study were found to be activators of the enzyme.  The highest activating potency
      was manifested by 8-bromo cyclic AMP and 8-(gamma-carboxypropylthio) cyclic AMP;
      adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic sulphate was the least potent in this respect.  All
      compounds were shown to inhibit binding of cyclic [-3-H]AMP to histone kinase. 
      The inhibition was competitive with respect to cyclic AMP in all cases.  All
      compounds, except for 2'-O-chloroacetyl cyclic AMP may indicate the formation of
      a covalent bond between this analogue and the enzyme.  These findings suggest
      that an active site of the regulatory subunit of the histone kinase contains at
      least three specific areas responsible for cyclic AMP binding.

PMID- 164919
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities of pig coronary arteries.
AB  - Most (85% or more) of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (3' :5' -cyclic-AMP
      5'-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17) activity of pig coronary arteries was found
      in the 40 000 times g supernatant fraction of homogenates of the intima plus
      media layer. Chromatography of the soluble fraction of this layer on DEAE
      cellulose resolved two phosphodiesterase activities and a heat stable, non
      dializable activator. Peak I activity had apparent Km values of 2-4 muM for
      cyclic GMP and 40-100 muM for cyclic AMP. Peak II activity was relatively
      specific for cyclic AMP and exhibited apparent negatively cooperative behavior.
      Peak I but not peak II activity could be stimulated 3-8-fold by the addition of
      the boiled activator fraction or a boiled crude supernatant fraction. Cyclic AMP
      hydrolysis by peak I or peak II was more rapid in the presence of Mn-2+ than Mg
      2+, but the latter promoted hydrolysis of cyclic GMP by peak I more effectively
      than did Mn-2+ in the presence of activator. In the absence of added metals,
      ethylene bis(oxyethylenenitriol)tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) and EDTA both inhibited
      hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP by phosphodiesterase activities in the
      supernatant fraction and in peak I, but EDTA produced more complete inhibition at
      lower concentrations than did EGTA. Imidazole (1 muM to 10 mM) had virtually no
      effect on the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP catalyzed by either of the
      two separated peaks or by total phosphodiesterase activities in crude supernatant
      or particulate fractions.

PMID- 164920
TI  - Purification and characteriazation of collagenase from guinea pig skin.
AB  - Guinea pig skin col-agenase, isolated from culture medium of whole skin, was
      separated into two enzymatically active fractions. These two fractions have been
      purified extensively. Peak II fraction has been purified to homogeneity as
      examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their molecular weights are
      approximately 130 000 (peak I) and 40 000 (peak II). Both guinea pig skin
      collagenase fractions are capable of degrading the native collagen fibrils and
      are inhibited by serum, cysteine and EDTA. They appear to be glycoproteins.
      Guinea pig skin (peak II) and human skin collagenase were compared. They are both
      glycoproteins and have similar molecular size (Mr = 40 000). Immunodiffusion
      assay showed that no cross-reactivity was seen between the enzymes, indicating
      species specificity among collagenases.

PMID- 164921
TI  - Excitation-secretion coupling in exocrine glands.  Properties of cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase and adenylate cyclase from the submaxillary gland and pancreas.
AB  - 1. The cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in homogenates of the submaxillary gland and
      pancreas was found to be associated mainly with the 300,000 times g supernatant
      fraction.  A Lineweaver-Burk plot showed a high-affinity (Km app. = 1.6 muM) and
      a low-affinity (Km app. greater than 100muM) component for the cyclic AMP
      substrate.  The enzyme was magnesium dependent, and strongly inhibited by
      papaverine, theophylline and caffeine.  Cyclic GMP inhibited cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase, but only in concentrations greatly exceeding that of the
      cyclic AMP.  Calcium did not alter the activity of the enzyme.  The activity of
      the submaxillary cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase was not influenced by
      noradrenaline, dopamine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine or gamma-amino butyric
      acid, and that of the pancreatic enzyme by acetylcholine, pancreozymin or
      secretin.  2. Adenylate cyclases from guinea-pig submaxillary gland and cat
      pancreas are particulate enzymes.  The highest specific activity was recovered
      from the 1500 times g pellet.  Guineo-pig submaxillary adenylate cyclase was
      activated by fluoride, noradrenaline, isoprenaline and adrenaline.  The
      noradrenaline activation was blocked by the beta-adrenoceptor blocker,
      propranolol, but not by the alphs-adrenoceptor blocker, phentolamine.  Neither
      acetylcholine nor carbachol had any effect on the adenylate cyclase activity. 
      The apparent Km value for the 10- minus 4 M noradrenaline activated adenylate
      cyclase activity was completely aboliched by 5 mM calcium.  Cat pancreatic
      adenylate cyclase was clearly and consistently activated by secretin, but not by
      pancreozymin or carbachol.

PMID- 164922
TI  - Protein kinases in brown adipose tissue of developing rats.  II. two soluble
      kinase activities and their affinities for nucleotide and protein substrates.
AB  - A heat-stable, soluble component of brown adipose tissue from newborn rats was
      found to be readily phosphorylated by protein kinase of the same subcellular
      fraction.  The concentration of this component in brown fat decreased with the
      age of the animals.  A boiled crude microsomal preparation from rat liver was
      also phosphorylated by brown fat protein kinase.  The GTP-linked phosphorylation
      of the endogenous heat-stable protein was not stimulated by ATP (in contrast to
      phosphorylation of histone).  The maximum velocity of phosphorylation achieved
      with GTP was about 2.5 times higher than that with ATP as nucleotide substrate. 
      This difference was not due to ATPase activity in the assay.  With histone as the
      protein acceptor both activities were the same.  The affinity of protein
      kinase(s) for ATP was lower with the endogenous heat-stable brown-fat protein and
      with boiled microsomes (Km of 0.21 mM and 0.17 mM, respectively) than with
      histone (Km of 0.05 M). No detectable ATPase activity was present in either
      acceptor protein.  It is concluded that the 100 000 times g supernatant fraction
      from brown fat of infant rats contains two protein kinase activities.  One
      preferentially uses ATP and histone as substrates and the other uses endogenous
      heat-stable soluble proteins and either ATP or GTP.

PMID- 164923
TI  - Location of gluconeogenesis from phosphoenolpyruvate in cotyledons of Cucurbita
      pepo.
AB  - 1. The aim of this work was to discover the location of the enzymes that convert
      phosphoenolpyruvate to fructose 6-phosphate during gluconeogenesis in fatty
      seeds.  Cotyledons of 5-day-old dark-grown seedlings of marrow (Cucurbita pepo)
      were used as experimental material.  2. Cotyledons were separated into palisade
      and mesophyll tissue.  Extracts of the two tissues had comparable activities of
      gluconeogenic enzymes.  3. Extracts of cotyledons were fractionated by density
      gradient centrifugation to yeild mitochondria and glyoxysomes, and by gel
      filtration to yield proplastids.  The isolated organelles retained their
      characteristic ultrastructure and appreciable amounts of marker enzymes.  The
      proportions of the total activities of phosphoglyceromutase and fructose-1, 6
      diphosphatase recovered in the mitochondrial and glyoxysomal preparations were
      insignificant.  The same was true for the activities of phosphoglyceromutase and
      phosphopyruvate hydratase found in the proplastid preparations.  4. Extracts of a
      number of other gluconeigenic plant tissues were centrifuged at 2500 times g to
      yield particulate preparations.  None of these preparations contained a
      significant proportion of the total activity of phosphoglyceromutase.  5. It is
      suggested that gluconeogenesis from phosphoenolpyruvate in plants occurs in the
      cytoplasm.

PMID- 164924
TI  - Studies on the interaction between heparin and mouse bone collagenase.
AB  - Mouse bone collagenase was found to be tightly bound to a heparin-substituted gel
      at low ionic strength.  The bond was reversible, however, and the collagenase
      could be elutted at high ionic strength.  In addition to providing a method for
      purifying the enzyme with high yield, the results suggest that the strong ionic
      bond between heparin and collagenase may partially explain the mechanism wherein
      heparin enhances the activity of mouse bone collagenase.

PMID- 164925
TI  - 8-azaguanine and flavinogenesis in Eremothecium ashbyii.
AB  - 8-Azaguanine (10- minus 4 M) supplementation in synthetic medium inhibited
      flavinogenesis in Eremothecium ashbyii to far greater extent (68per cent) than
      the growth (25 per cent).  That enzymes comprising the biosynthetic pathway of
      riboflavin are synthesized during early growth phase of the organism is supported
      by the data presented.  8-Azaguanine mediated inhibition in flavinogenesis was
      closely related with decreased levels of ribose-5'-phosphatase, ribose reductase
      and ribitol kinase, the enzymes involved in supplying ribitol for flavinogenesis.
      Addition of guanine and not ribitol during early growth phase to 8-azaguanine
      added cultures released the inhibition of riboflavin synthesis and restored the
      enzyme levels in the presence of the antimetabolite.

PMID- 164927
TI  - Chemotaxis and binding of cyclic AMP in cellular slime molds.
AB  - To obtain more information about how cyclic AMP mediates cell aggregation as
      found in some species of the cellular slime molds, we determined the maximal
      binding activity of cyclic AMP in different species under various environmental
      conditions. The binding of cyclic AMP is limited to amoebae using this cyclic
      nucleotide as chemotactic agent. Maximal binding activity proved to coincide with
      a maximal chemotactic response and to be related to the length of the period
      between the vegetative and the aggregative phase. Of the species studied,
      Dictyostelium discoideum has the highest cellular density of cyclic AMP receptors
      and is the most sensitive to cyclic AMP as attractant. At 15 degrees C,
      aggregation begins later, chemotaxis takes effect over a greater distance, and
      the maximal binding activity is higher than 22 degrees C. The number of cyclic
      AMP receptors is independent of temperature. The delay in the onset of
      aggregation and the increased chemotactic response in darkness is not due to a
      change in the maximal binding activity. The binding of cyclic AMP and its
      inactivation is discussed in the light of cell aggregation.

PMID- 164926
TI  - Stimulatory effect of gonadotropins on the synthesis of adenosine 3': 5'-cyclic
      monophosphate and progesterone by suspensions of rat ovarian interstitial cells.
AB  - A cell suspension was prepared from immature rat ovaries by treatment with
      trypsin and collagenase.  The isolated cells were capable of converting [8-14
      C]adenine to cyclic [-14-C]AMP and the rate of this conversion was stimulated in
      vitro by luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropine, but not by
      prolactin, norepinephrine, dopamine or albumin.  The accumulation of progesterone
      was also measured in these cells by radioimmunoassay.  In vitro addition of
      luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropine, but not by prolactin,
      norepinephrine, dopamine or albumin.  The accumulation of progesterone was also
      measured in these cells by radioimmunoassay.  In vitro addition of luteinizing
      hormone stimulated the accumulation of radioimmuno-assayable progesterone.  The
      conversion of [8-14-C]adenine to cyclic [-14-C]AMP showed a rapid increase during
      the first 30 min of the incubation period when luteinizing hormone was added to
      the incubation medium.  Progesterone accumulation in response to the same dose of
      luteinizing hormone showed a lag period for the first 30 min of incubation after
      which there was an increase up to 2 h.  The luteinizing hormone-induced
      progesterone accumulation was sensitive to puromycin, but there was no effect on
      the luteinizing hormone-induced increase in cyclic [-14-C]AMP formation from [8
      14-C]-adenine.  Actinomycin D also inhibited the luteinizing hormone-induced
      progesterone accumulation in rat ovarian interstitial cell suspension is preceded
      by an increased accumulation of cyclic AMP and that the accumulation of steroid
      under the influence of luteinizing hormone involve processes sensitive to
      puromycin and antinomycin D.

PMID- 164928
TI  - Regulation of glycogen metabolism in liver by the autonomic nervous system. VI.
      Possible mechanism of phosphorylase activation by the splanchnic nerve.
AB  - The effects of autonomic-nerve stimulation on the activities of phosphorylase (EC
      2.4.1.1), dephospho-phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.1.38) and phosphorylase
      phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.17), and on the concentration of adenosine 3', 5'
      monophosphate in rabbit liver were investiaged. Results were compared with the
      effects of epinephrine and glucagon on these enzymes. 1. The acitivity of liver
      phosphorylase increased rapidly and markedly on electrical stimulation of the
      splanchnic nerve, or after intraportal administration of epinephrine or glucagon.
      The activity was not affected by vagal stimulation. 2. The activity of dephospho
      phosphorylase kinase increased about 2--3-fold 1 min after injections of
      epinephrine and glucagon, glucagon causing more activation than epinephrine. The
      enzyme activity was not altered by splanchnic-nerve, or vagal stimulation. 3.
      Injections of epinephrine and glucagon caused marked elevation of liver adenosine
      3', 5'-monophosphate within a few minutes. With epinephrine, the nucleotide
      concentration rose to a maximum after 1 min and amounted to about 3-fold
      increase, while with glucagon the maximum increase of approximately 8-fold
      increase was observed after 2 min. Stimulation of the splanchnic nerve for 10 min
      did not affect the adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate level in the liver. Vagal
      stimulation also had no effect on the level. 4. The activity of phosphorylase
      phosphatase decreased promptly (within 30 s) and markedly on splanchnic-nerve
      stimulation, but did not change significantly on administration of epinephrine of
      glucagon. A small but insignificant increase in phosphatase activity wasobserved
      upon vagal stimulation. 5. The effect of Ca-2+ on purified dephospho
      phosphorylase kinase was studied. The activity was found to depend partially on
      free Ca-2+ at low Ca-2+ concentrations (1-10-minus 7--1-10-minus 5 M). 6. These
      results suggest that the rise in hepatic phosphorylase content upon splanchnic
      nerve stimulation, unlike that induced by epinephrine and glucagon, is not
      mediated by adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate and subsequent activation of dephospho
      phosphorylase kinase, but rather by inactivation of phosphorylase phosphatase.
      The possible existence of a new factor in this mechanism is discussed.

PMID- 164930
TI  - On the regulation of cyclic AMP level in bacteria. II. In vitro regulation of
      adenylate cyclase activity. Solubilization and reconstitution of a functional
      membrane-bound adenylate cyclase system responsive to regulation by glucose.
AB  - 1. The in vitro regulation of the membrane bound adenylate cyclase of Escherichia
      coli B/r by a variety of carbohydrates and one mammalian hormone was examined. 2.
      The membrane bound adenylate cyclase was found responsive to regulation by the
      various growth substrates and to glucagon. 3. Solubilization of the bacterial
      membrane preparation by a procedure specific for the solubilization of the
      phosphotransferase enzyme E1 1 to its E1 1 A and E1 1 B subunits was found to be
      accompanied by the loss of the adenylate cyclase regulation by glucose. 4.
      Reconstitution of the membrane was found to result in a recovery of the
      regulative response of the adenylate cyclase to glucose. 5. A model for the
      intermediate steps in the interaction between glucose and phosphotransferase E1 1
      and the adenylate cyclase is discussed.

PMID- 164929
TI  - On the regulation of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate synthesis in bacteria. I.
      Effect of carbon source variation on cyclic AMP synthesis in Escherichia coli
      B/r.
AB  - 1. The effect of carbon source variation in bacterial growth media on their
      growth rate, inducible enzyme and cyclic AMP synthesis was examined: an inverse
      relationship between the culture's growth rate and its differential rate of
      inducible enzyme (tryptophanase and beta-galactosidase), and cyclic AMP synthesis
      was found. 2. The effect of the culture's growth phase on its sensitivity or
      resistance to glucose catabolite repression was determined in the wild type and a
      catabolite insensitive mutant (ABDROI): the wild type's sensitivity to glucose
      repression was not affected, whereas the insensitivity of the mutant was found to
      be limited to its early logarithmic phase of growth. At late log, or stationary
      phase, the mutant was found to be sensitive to glucose repression. 3. Examination
      of the kinetics of glucose uptake by the mutant, using alpha-[1 4-C] methyl
      glucoside showed evidence for two transport systems each with a different
      affinity to glucose. A low affinity transport system (apparent Km of 3.4-10-minus
      5 M) which appears mostly at the early logarithmic phase of growth. A high
      affinity transport system (apparent Km of 1.2-10-minus 5 M) which appears mostly
      at the late log and stationary phases of growth. 4. The effect of the culture
      density variation on its sensitivity to glucose repression showed that
      sensitivity to glucose catabolic repression is primarily a reflection of the
      formation of an allosteric effector molecule between glucose and its specific
      transport molecule which in turn regulates the activity of the adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 164931
TI  - Electrochemical regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
AB  - Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has been characterized
      electrochemically by solid electrode voltammetry and controlled potential
      electrolysis. Photometric and enzymatic assay showed that enzymatically active
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD-+) could be regenerated electrolytically
      from its reduced form without the use of so-called electron mediators. Complete
      regeneration of enzymatically active NAD can be expected in pyrophosphate buffers
      and phosphate buffers during the electrolysis. Advantages of electrochemical
      regeneration of coenzymes are discussed, especially with regard to immobilization
      of enzymes.

PMID- 164932
TI  - A plausible role for a membrane-bound cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in cellular
      slime mold chemotaxis.
AB  - 1. Kinetics of membrane-bound cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase of the cellular slime
      mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, were studied under two conditions: in the 27 000
      times g sediment of cell homogenates (particle-bound phosphodiesterase) and in
      cell suspensions using external cyclic AMP as a substrate (cell-bound
      phosphodiesterase). Both methods revealed non-Michaelian kinetics with
      interaction coefficients less than 1. 2. The membrane-bound phosphodiesterase has
      a specificity different from that of the cyclic AMP receptor, also present at the
      cell surface. 3. The membrane-bound enzyme was solubilized by lithium 3, 5
      diiodosalicylate and partially purified. In this state the non-linear kinetics
      were still retained; however, the enzyme was not inhibited by the D. discoideum
      inhibitor, unlike the cell-bound phosphodiesterase in vivo. This indicates that
      both enzymes share an inhibitor binding site and that this site is cryptic in the
      cell-bound state. 4. Production of periodic cyclic AMP pulses by centers, and
      their relay by other cells, is believed to occur during aggregation. It is
      suggested that the cell-bound enzyme determines a "time window" significantly
      smaller than the period of pulsing, and optimizes stimulation of the cyclic AMP
      receptors in chemotaxis and signal relaying.

PMID- 164933
TI  - The functional metabolism of vitamin D in chicks fed low-calcium and low
      phosphorus diets.
AB  - Radioactively labelled cholecalciferol was administered continuously to chicks
      that were fed normal, low-calcium and low-phosphorus diets. It has been possible
      to show that under such steady state conditions with regard to cholecalciferol,
      and mineral restriction, the animal reacts by increased accumulation of 1, 25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol in the intestinal and the kidney cell, which was
      associated in the intestine with an increased calcium-binding activity. A similar
      accumulation of 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in bone was not noticed. It is
      proposed that the intestine and the kidney, but not bone, are the main target
      organs for cholecalciferol in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis, and that
      both calcium and phosphorus play a role in the regulation of the formation and
      subsequent function of 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

PMID- 164934
TI  - Essential arginine residues in D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Two arginyl residues per subunit of yeast D-glyceraldehyde-3-phoshphate
      dehydrogenase were modified by treatment with butanedione without significant
      changes in the compostion of other amino acid residues. The modified enzyme
      displays no dehydrogenase activity. It retains the capacity for interacting with
      the coenzyme NAD, but binds it less firmly than does the native enzyme. The molar
      absorbance of the enzyme-NAD complex is markedly reduced and the reactivity of
      the active-center SH groups is changed in the modified enzyme. The native and
      modified enzymes show identical fluorescence spectra, absorbance and CD spectra.

PMID- 164935
TI  - Application of affinity chromatography to the purification of collagenase for the
      isolation of insoluble elastin.
AB  - ClostrIdium histolyticum collagenase (clostridiopeptidase A, EC 3.4.4.19) was
      purified by batchwise separation with DEAE-cellulose followed by affinity
      chromatography on a column of alkali-treated elastin. The N-terminal amino acid
      profile of elastin isolated from bovine ligamentum nuchae using this enzyme
      preparation was compared with that of a duplicate sample purified with a mixture
      of collagenase I and II (Yoshida, E, and Noda, H. (1965) Biochim. Biopsys. Acta
      105, 562-574). An approx. three-fold decrease in the molar concentration of N
      terminal residues and a considerable reduction in their number was obtained by
      using the former enzyme preparation.

PMID- 164936
TI  - Magnetic circular dichroism studies on microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase:
      comparison with cytochrome b-5 and cytochrome P-450-cam.
AB  - Magnetic circular dichroism spectra are reported for the visible and near
      ultraviolet spectral regions of liver microsomes from dimethylbenzanthracene
      treated rats. The sequential addition of NADH, dithionite, and carbon monoxide
      enables us to determine contributions to the magnetic circular dichroism by
      cytochromes b-5 and P-450, which dominate the spectra. The magnetic circular
      dichroism of the microsomal preparation is compared with that of purified
      oxidized and reduced cytochrome -b-5 from pig liver and with the camphor
      complexed and camphor-free oxidized, reduced, and reduced carbonmonoxy cytochrome
      P-450-cam from Pseudomonas putida. The magnetic circular dichroism spectra of the
      membrane bound cytochrome -b-5 are similar to those of the purified protein,
      indicating that little or no alteration in the environment of the heme occurs
      during the isolation procedure. The soluble bacterial cytochrome P-450 also
      appears to be a suitable model for microsomal P-450, although differences in the
      magnetic circular dichroism intensity are observed for the two enzymes. No effect
      of dimethylbenzanthracene on the magnetic circular dichroism spectra of induced
      compared to control rat microsomes could be observed.

PMID- 164937
TI  - Separation of respiratory reactions in Rhodospirillum rubrum: inhibition studies
      with 2-hydroxydiphenyl.
AB  - 1. Respiration of chemotrophically and phototrophically grown Rhodospirillum
      rubrum is inhibited by 2-hydroxydiphenyl. 2. Membrane-bound NADH oxidase and
      NADH: cytochrome c reductase are inhibited also. The inhibitor constant for both
      reactions (Ki) is 0.075 plus or minus 0.012 mM. NADH dehydrogenase is not
      inhibited significantly. 3. The inhibition of succinate:cytochrome c reductase is
      associated for chemotrophic membranes with Ki equals 0.22 plus or minus 0.03 mM
      and for phototrophic membranes with Ki equals 0.49 plus or minus 0.09 mM.
      Succinate dehydrogenase is not affected by 2-hydroxydiphenyl. 4. Cytochrome
      oxidase is inhibited only slightly. 5. While NADH-dependent reactions in both
      phototrophic and chemotrophic membranes are inhibited maximally more than 95
      percent, succinate-dependent reactions can be inhibited more than 95 percent only
      in chemotrophic membranes. In phototrophic membranes the maximum inhibition of
      succinate-dependent reactions is about 70 percent. 6. The type of inhibition in
      both cases 2 and 3 is non-competitive. 7. While the reduction of b-type
      cytochrome is inhibited by 2-hydroxydiphenyl, the degree of ubiquinone reduction
      is not influenced. The data suggest that the site of inhibition is localized
      between ubiquinone and cytochrome b. 8. Implications of these data for the
      respiratory electron transport system in R. rubrum are discussed.

PMID- 164938
TI  - Kinetic study of oxygen evolution parameters in Triswashed, reactivated
      chloroplasts.
AB  - Tris-washed chloroplasts which have lost the ability to evolve oxygen can be
      reactivated by the procedure of Yamashita T., Tsuji, J. and Tomita G. (1971)
      Plant Cell Physiol. 12, 117-126) [7] to give 100 percent of the rate of control
      chloroplasts in continuous illumination. Furthermore, in flashing light the
      reactivated chloroplasts exhibit oxygen-yield oscillations of period four that
      are characteristic of the control. Similar kinetic parameters for intermediate
      steps in the water-splitting process are observed for the two preparations. We
      conclude that the reactivation procedure restores the native oxygen evolution
      mechanism to Tris-washed chloroplasts. A relatively rapid and reversible (0.5 s
      decay) light-induced component of EPR Signal II is observed upon inhibition of O2
      evolution by Tris washing (Babcock G. T. and Sauer, K. (1975) Biochim. Biophys.
      Acta 376, 315-328) [10]. Reactivated chloroplasts are similar to untreated
      chloroplasts in that this Signal IItransient is not observed. Manganese, which is
      released by Tris treatment to the interior of the thylakoid membrane in an EPR
      detectable state, is returned to an EPR-undetectable state by reactivation. The
      reactivation procedure does not require light to restore O2 evolution and EDTA
      has no effect on the extent of reactivation. These results are discussed in terms
      of possible mechanisms for manganese incorporation into photosynthetic membranes.

PMID- 164939
TI  - The tiron free radical as a sensitive indicator of chloroplastic
      photoautoxidation.
AB  - Wheat chloroplasts photochemically reduced molecular oxygen, as a Hill oxidant in
      the Mehler reaction, to superoxide anion which then oxidized added 1,2
      dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate to its semiquinone, a comparatively stable free
      radical at pH 7. The last mentioned reaction was rapid in aqueous solution, but
      the rate of formation of 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate semiquinone by the
      chloroplast system was calculated as T1 of 0.6 s. The Mehler reaction, or more
      specifically the univalent reduction of oxygen by Photosystem I, was rate
      limiting so that the 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate seniquinone was a
      useful spin probe for superoxide anion production at room temperature. The ESR
      signal of 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate semiquinone was proportional to
      its steady state concentration and decayed in the dark with a T1/2 of 5-6 s. This
      oxygen-dependent signal was enhanced by mediation of chloroplastic oxygen
      reduction through methyl viologen. The superoxide anion scavengers ascorbate and
      L-epinephrine competitively obscured 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate
      semiquinone formation, butadded superoxide dismutase was not as effective in this
      role. Partial inhibition by superoxide dismutase was achieved only by
      preincubation of Photosystem I enriched particles with ten times the endogenous
      concentration of superoxide dismutase. This and the persistence of a small amount
      of a 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate (Tiron) oxidizing species in the dark
      supports the concept of Tiron accessibility but not the superoxide dismutase
      accessibility of superoxide anion bound in its formative enzyme complex.
      Benzoquinone and naphthoquinone disulfonate also reacted with superoxide anion,
      and supported both the Hill reaction and the Mehler reaction as final oxidants of
      both water and superoxide anion.

PMID- 164940
TI  - Biochemical and biophysical studies on cytochrome c oxidase.  XX. Reaction with
      sulphide.
AB  - 1. Upon addition of sulphide to oxidized cytochrome c oxidase, a low-spin heme
      sulphide compound is formed with an EPR signal at gx = 2.54, gy = 2.23 and gz =
      1.87.  Concomitantly with the formation of this signal the EPR-detectable low
      spin heme signal at g = 3 and the copper signal near g = 2 decrease in intensity,
      pointing to a partial reduction of the enzyme by sulphide.  2. The addition of
      sulphide to cytochrome c oxidase, previously reduced in the presence of azide or
      cyanide, brings about a disappearance of the azido-cytochrome c oxidase signal at
      gx = 2.9, gy = 2.2, and gz = 1.67 and a decrease of the signal at g = 3.6 of
      cyano-cytochrome c oxidase.  Concomitantly the sulphide-induced EPR signal is
      formed.  3. These observations demonstrate that azide, cyanide and sulphide are
      competitive for an oxidized binding site on cytochrome c oxidase.  Moreover, it
      is shown that the affinity of cyanide and sulphide for this site is greater than
      that of azide.

PMID- 164941
TI  - Asymmetry of an energy transducing membrane the location of cytochrome c2 in
      Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.
AB  - Monospecific antibodies have been prepared against cytochrome c2 from
      Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, and against
      cytochrome c' from Rps. capsulata.  These antibodies precipitated their
      respective antigens, but did not cross react with a wide range of procaryotic or
      eucaryotic cytochromes, or with other bacterial proteins.  The cytochromes
      produced during aerobic growth were immunologically indistinguishable from those
      produced during photosynthetic growth.  Cytochrome c2 is located in vivo in the
      periplasmic space between the cell was and the cell membrane, and when
      chromatophores are prepared from whole cells the cytochrome becomes trapped
      inside these vesicles.  The implications of these results to energy coupling in
      the photosynthetic bacteria are discussed.

PMID- 164942
TI  - Metabolism of lipoproteins in nonhuman primates. Studies on the origin of low
      density lipoprotein apoprotein in the plasma of the squirrel monkey.
AB  - The plasma of squirrel monkeys contains extremely low levels of very low density
      lipoproteins. The delipidated apoproteins from the different lipoprotein density
      classes of this species show a heterogeneity similar to that of man and the rat.
      The biosynthesis of the apoproteins of squirrel monkey lipoproteins was studied
      in fasted normal and Triton WR1339-treated animals. After intravenous injection
      of [3-H] leucine, maximal labeling of very low density lipoproteins occurred
      after 1 h, intermediate density lipoproteins (d 1.006--1.019) in 2 h, and low
      density lipoproteins after 3 h. At all times, however, low density lipoproteins
      had the greatest percentage of radioactivity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      revealed that the apoprotein B moiety of very low density and intermediate
      density lipoproteins contained 62% and 81% of the total radioactivity in these
      lipoproteins whereas the fast-migrating peptides were minimally labeled. In
      monkeys injected with Triton WR1339, 70--80% of the radioactivity incorporated
      into d smaller than 1.063 lipoproteins was in very low density lipoproteins with
      only 10--15% in intermediate and low density lipoproteins. After injection of 3-H
      labeled very low density lipoproteins and [14-C] leucine into Triton-treated
      monkeys, catabolism of 3-H-labeled very low density lipoprotein to intermediate
      and low density lipoproteins was small and was significantly less than
      corresponding values for the incorporation of [14-C] leucine. Thus, breakdown of
      very low density lipoproteins could not account for all the labeled apoprotein B
      present in the intermediate and low density lipoprotein fractions. The results
      indicate that most, but not all, of the newly synthesized apoprotein B enters
      plasma in very low density lipoproteins and that the low concentrations of this
      lipoprotein in squirrel monkey plasma are a consequence of its rapid turnover.

PMID- 164943
TI  - Lipoprotein-acid mucopolysaccharide complexes of human atherosclerotic lesions.
AB  - Lipoprotein-acid mucopolysaccharide complexes occurring in different types of
      human atherosclerotic lesions were isolated and partially characterized.
      Complexes from fatty streaks and fibrous plaques were extracted from pooled
      tissues with 0.15 M NaCl, purified by gel filtration, and fractionated by
      ultracentrifugation. Both low and very low density lipoproteins were present; low
      density lipoprotein was predominant. The complexes were analyzed for uronic acid,
      cholesterol, phospholipid, and Ca-2+ contents; there was no significant
      difference in the relative molar ratios between complexes from fatty streaks and
      fibrous plaques. Acid mucopolysaccharides were isolated from the complexes and
      identified by electrophoresis and enzymatic studies. Chondroitin sulfate C and
      hyaluronic acid were found in complexes from fatty streaks and fibrous plaques.
      Heparin was detected only in fibrous plaques.

PMID- 164944
TI  - Fluorescence quenching in lecithin and lecithin/cholesterol liposomes by
      parmagenetic lipid analogues. Introduction of a new probe approach.
AB  - 1. Perylene, whether incorporated into lecithin or lecithin/cholesterol (1:1)
      liposomes, exhibits identical fluorescence spectra, but fluorescence in the
      presence of cholesterol is enhanced by 30-50%. 2. The fluorescence of perylene in
      pure dipalmitoyllecithin vesicles increases sharply at the transition temperature
      (Tt equals 41 degrees C). No such fluorescence jump is observed in
      lecithin/cholesterol (1:1) micelles. 3. In lecithin liposomes maximal quenching
      of perylene fluorescence at 25 degrees C is effected by cholestane spin label
      (80%) followed by androstane spin label (70%), 5-nitroxide stearate (60%) and 16
      nitroxide stearate (50%). 4. In liposomes containing 5  mol % cholesterol these
      differences are reduced; however, the sequence of quenching efficiencies is the
      same except for the nitroxide stearates, which interchange their positions. 5. 5.
      Paramagnetic quenching of perylene fluorescence is stable below 35 degrees C and
      above 45 degrees C, but decreases sharply about the phase-transition temperature
      of dipalmitoyllecithin. 6. In lecithin/cholesterol (1:1, molar ratio) lipsomes
      fluorescence quenching diminishes linearly, but only slightly, with increasing
      temperature. 7. Cholestane spin label and androstane spin label at concentrations
      of greater than 20 mol % themselves suppress the quenching discontinuity at Tt,
      indicating a cholesterol-like structural effect. 8. The quenching phenomena
      observed are attributed to a non-random accommodation of fluorophore and quencher
      molecules (co-clustering) below the phase transition and a statistical
      distribution of both impurities above Tt. 9. In the presence of cholesterol the
      clustering tendencies are reduced or even  eliminated; this is compatible with
      the concept that cholesterol fluidizes the phosphatide acyl chains below the
      transtion temperature.

PMID- 164945
TI  - Sialoglycopeptides from bovine milk fat globule membrane.
AB  - Milk fat globule membrane was shown to contain sialic acid, all of which could be
      released without disruption of the fat globule. Sialoglycopeptides were cleaved
      from the surface of intact fat globules by Pronase and fractionated on Sephadex G
      50. Further fractionation of the major sialoglycopeptide peak on DEAE-Sephadex
      gave two groups of sialoglycopeptides eluted with 0.1 M NaCl (Group A) and 0.5 M
      NaCl (Group B), respectively. Refractionation gave a major sialoglycopeptide from
      each of the two groups together with a total of three minor sialoglycopeptides.
      All five sialoglycopeptides eluted as single peaks using shallow salt gradients
      on DEAE-Sephadex and contained a hydrophilic peptide chain together with
      galactose, mannose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and sialic acid.
      Glycopeptides of Group A but not Group B contained fucose. The major
      sialoglycopeptide of Group B released 35% of its hexose and hexosamine on
      treatment with alkaline borohydride leaving a sialoglycopeptide which had reduced
      serine and threonine and elevated alanine levels and in addition contained 2
      aminobutyric acid. An oligosaccharide fraction containing N
      acetylgalactosaminitol, galactose and sialic acid in a molar ratio of 1:1:2 was
      partially characterised from the clevage mixture. The major sialoglycopeptide of
      Group A had a more complex carbohydrate structure and showed no released
      carbohydrate on treatment with alkaline borohydride. The sialoglycopeptides of
      milk fat globule membrane show many similarities with those of erythrocyte
      membrane and have a potential use in comparative and structural studies.

PMID- 164946
TI  - Relationship between L-alanine and sodium ion transport in isolated renal
      tubules.
AB  - 1. Rat renal tubules were isolated by incubation with collagenase. The Na+
      concentration in the tubules at 37 degrees C was increased by additions of g
      strophantin and L-alanine. The increase of Na+ in the presence of both g
      strophantin and L-alanine was stronger than with either alone. 2. Radioactive
      sodium (22-Na), which was taken up by the tubules at 0 degrees C in K+-free
      medium, was more slowly washed out in the buffer with added g-strophantin than in
      the control buffer, but L-alanine had no effect. 3. At 0 degrees C incubation
      without K+, g-strophantin did not affect the 22-Na transport of the tubules. But
      under the same conditions, L-alanine increased Na+ uptake significantly, and in
      conjunction with it, L-alanine uptake was also increased. 4. The relationship
      between L-alanine uptake and intra- extracellular Na+ concentration gradients was
      linear. The ration of L-alanine to Na+ uptake at 0 degrees C was about 1:2. 5. In
      the incubation without K+ at 0 degrees C, L-alanine could be accumulated in
      tubules against the chemical concentration gradient (about 1.5-fold). 6. In the
      incubation without K+ at 37 degrees C, the L-alanine concentration in tubules
      after 5 min was already steady (Ci/Ce = 2.2), but with K+ it was not stabilized
      after 10 min. The ration Ci/Ce with K+ WAS HIGHER THAN WITHOUT K+. 7. G
      Strophantin, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, amiloride, and 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibited
      L-alanine uptake in the tubules and at the same time increased Na+ concentration.
      The relationship between the L-alanine uptakes inhibited by g-strophantin,
      amiloride and dinitrophenol, and the respective intra- extracellular Na+
      concentration gradients was strikingly linear. But in the case of p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate there was no correlation. 8. The results indicate that L
      alanine transport into the renal tubules might be regulated mainly by the intra-
      extracellular Na+ concentration gradient and that inhibitors such as g
      strophantin, amiloride, and dinitrophenol could have a secondary effect on the L
      alanine transport which follows the change of Na+ concentration in cells. p
      Hydroxymercuribenzoate might have an inhibiting effect on the binding of carrier
      with Na+ and/or L-alanine.

PMID- 164948
TI  - Enhancement of the activity of asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase by an activator from
      rabbit liver.
AB  - Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase has been partially purified from acetone powders of
      rabbit liver. (NH-4)-2SO-4 fractionation was followed by chromatography of the
      enzyme on DEAE-cellulose. An activator separated from the enzyme. Further
      chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and G-200 showed that the latter consisted of
      two components. The smaller of these (mol wt is approximately equal to 35 000)
      possessed enzyme transfer activity but the larger one (mol wt 80 000-90 000)
      required the addition of activator before any enzyme transfer activity was
      demonstrable. The activator itself was devoid of transfer activity. After
      chromatography of crude extracts of asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase on Sepharose 4B
      the activity in the enzyme peak, which was of considerably larger molecular
      weight than any of the fractions found after purification could be enhanced by
      addition of the activator. None of the fractions of the enzyme or of activator
      catalysed any extensive asparagine-dependent ATP-PP-i exchange, either in the
      presence or the absence of added tRNA.

PMID- 164947
TI  - Microsomal (Na- +K+)-activated ATPase from frog skin epithelium. Cation
      activations and some effects of inhibitors.
AB  - A method is described for the extraction of microsomal ouabain-sensitive (a- +
      K+)-activated ATPase from separated frog skin epithelium. The method yields a
      microsomal fraction containing (Na+ K+)-stimulated activity in the range of 30-
      40 nmol - mg -1 - min -1 at 26 degrees C. This portion which is also ouabain
      sensitive, is about half of the total activity in media containing Mg2+, Na+ and
      K+. These preparations also contain Mg2+-dependent or Ca2+-dependent activities
      which are not additive and which are not significantly affected by ouabain, Na+,
      K+ or Li+. The activations of the ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity by Mg2+, Na+,
      and K+ are similar to those described in other tissues. It is found that Li+ does
      not substitute for Na+ as an activator but in high concentrations does produce
      partial activation in the presence of Na+ with no K+. These results are pertinent
      to the reported observations of ouabain-sensitive Li+ flux across frog skin. It
      is concluded that this flux is not apparently due to a direct activating effect
      of Li+ on the sodium pump.

PMID- 164949
TI  - Deoxyribonucleotide metabolism in Herpes simplex virus infected HeLa cells.
AB  - The effect of Rolly No. 11 strain herpes simplex virus infection of HeLa cells in
      culture on deoxynucleotide metabolism and the level of various enzymes concerned
      with the biosynthesis of DNA has been investigated. Of 18 enzyme activities
      studied, thymidine kinase, DNA polymerase and deoxyribonuclease were markedly
      augmented, a finding in agreement with previous reports. Deoxycytidine kinase,
      ribonucleotide reductase, thymidylate kinase and deoxycytidylate deaminase
      activities, in contrast with previous reports, did not increase; the activities
      of the other enzymes studied, also did not increase. Whereas most of the
      radioactivity derived from [14-C] thymidine in the acid-soluble fraction of the
      uninfected cells was present as deoxythymidine triphosphate, that present in the
      infected cells was primarily in the form of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Thus,
      in the infected cell deoxythymidylate kinase is a rate-limiting enzyme in the
      biosynthesis of deoxythymidine triphosphate. A marked increase in the pools of
      the four naturally occurring deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dTTP, dCTP, dATP,
      dGTP) was found. The rate of formation of the virus-induced enzymes was
      determined, as were the various nucleoside triphosphate pools and the other
      phosphorylated derivatives of thymidine; a maximum was reached for all these
      csmponents between 6 to 8 h post infection. Although an apparent greater
      synthesis of DNA occurred in the uninefected cells, when the specific activity of
      the radioactive deoxythymidine triphosphate was taken into account, there was
      actually a greater rate of DNA synthesis in the infected cells, with the peak at
      8 h post infection.

PMID- 164950
TI  - Difference in the action of ethyl and methyl methane sulfonates on DNA template
      activity for RNA synthesis in vitro.
AB  - RNA produced in vitro from alkylated T7 DNA has been characterized by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Methylation of T7 DNA by methyl methane
      sulfonate reduces RNA chain length. In contrast, ethylation of T7 DNA by ethyl
      methane sulfonate, while reducing RNA synthesis to the same extent, does not
      alter chain length.

PMID- 164951
TI  - A transfer RNA-dependent protein synthesizing system from Ehrlich ascites
      extracts.
AB  - An homologous cell-free system from Ehrlich ascites cells was made tRNA dependent
      by passing both the ribosomes and the ammonium sulfate fraction through DEAE
      cellulose columns in 0.30 M KCl. Protein synthesis was routinely stimulated 20-50
      fold by the addition of 100 mug/ml of ascites cell tRNA in the presence of
      oviduct mRNA, ascites mRNA, or encephalomyocarditis RNA.

PMID- 164952
TI  - Control of platelet glycogenolysis; Activation of phosphorylase kinase by
      calcium.
AB  - An apparent enigma during platelet aggregation is that increased glycogenolysis
      occurs despite a fall in cyclic AMP levels; Activation by a classical cascade is
      therefore unlikely, and an alternative stimulus for phosphorylase a formation was
      sought. It was found that low levels of Ca-2+ markedly activate phosphorylase b
      kinase from human platelets, with a Ka of 0i muM Ca-2+, which is similar to that
      for the skeletal muscle enzyme; The kinase activity is unstable, and on enzyme
      ageing is a 50% loss in activity with the Ka decreasing to 0.33 muM Ca-2+. In
      unstilulated platelets, phosphorylase a was 13.3% of toal measured activity, and
      glycogen synthetase I was 32.3%. Aggregation induced by ADP did not change the
      percentage of I synthetase, while increasing that for phosphorylase a. Dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP did, as expected, increase the percentage of both phosphorylated
      enzymes; These findings suggest that the natural activator of platelet
      glycogenolysis during aggregation is Ca-2+, which directly stimulates
      phosphorylase b kinase without altering glycogen synthetase activity. The cyclic
      AMP-dependent protein kinase does not appear to be involved;

PMID- 164953
TI  - A quantitative assay for concanavalin A- and Ricinus communis agglutinin-mediated
      agglutinations of rat ascites hepatoma cells. Relationship between concanavalin A
      binding and cell agglutination.
AB  - A simple quantitative assay method was developed for the agglutination of rat
      ascites hepatoma cells mediated by Concanavalin A or Ricinus communis agglutinin.
      This method was based on the principle that the turbidity of a cell suspension is
      proportional to the sum of the cross-sectional area of cells and aggregatesmas
      predicted by the theoretical consideration, the turbidity decreased when cells
      were aggregated and the decrease was a function of the average number of the
      cells in aggregates. The agglutinability of the cells, judged by this method,
      showed a maximum value at a certain concentration of the agglutinin. By further
      addition of the agglutinin, the agglutinability slightly decreased from the
      maximum. These phenomena were observed both for Concanavalin A and Ricinus
      communis agglutinin. The binding and the agglutination experiments using [3
      H]concanavalin A revealed that the binding to approx;0% of the total receptors
      caused a maximal agglutination. This suggested that the receptors responsible for
      the agglutination constitute only a small part of the total receptors on the
      surface.

PMID- 164954
TI  - ESR study of aqueous dispersions of beta-lactoglobulin and spin-labelled glyceryl
      monostearate.
AB  - From the ESR spectra of aqueous dispersions of synthetic glyceryl monostearate
      (spin labelled at C-12) a critical micelle concentration of 30 mumol/l at room
      temperature was obtained, which agrees with that deduced from surface tension
      measurements. At monoglyceride concentrations smaller or larger than the critical
      micelle concentration, the monomers show increased motional restriction with
      increasing molar ratio of beta-lactoglobulin to monoglyceride up to a value of
      10, as determined from calculated rotational correlation times; A similar
      progressive interaction was deduced from spectral changes observed on equimolar
      dispersions of beta-lactoglobulin and monoglyceride on raising the temperature to
      55 degrees C at which the protein and monoglyceride coprecipitate. The relevance
      of these finding for non-labelled monoglyceride dispersions is indicated by the
      similarity of the pH-dependent flocculation behaviour of labelled and non
      labelled monoglycerides, both in the absence and presence of beta-lactoglobulin;
      In addition, proton magnetic resonance and mechanical stability measurements
      suggest that spin-labelled glyceryl monosterate behaves analogously to non
      labelled glyceryl monooleate.

PMID- 164955
TI  - Inhibition by cyclic AMP of lactose production in lactating guinea pig mammary
      gland slices.
AB  - Addition of the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors theophylline (10- minus 2
      M) or papaverine (10- minus 4 M) leads to a complete inhibition of lactose
      synthesis in incubated guinea pig mammary gland slices. Addition of 10- minus 5 M
      cyclic AMP or dibutyryl cyclic AMP results in 1 30-40% inhibition of the
      synthesis, which effect is not increased by applying higher concentrations of
      these compounds. A 30-40% inhibition can also be obtained with epinephrine (5 -
      10- minus 5 M), or isoproterenol (10- minus 4 M), but the polypeptide hormones
      glucagon (10- minus 7 M), insulin (1 munit/ml) and relaxin (10 mug/ml) do not
      significantly affect lactose synthesis. Cytochalasin B (5 mug/ml) inhibits
      lactose production by 58and colchicine (10- minus 5 M) by 25%. These experiments
      suggest that an increase in the intracellular level of cyclic AMP either through
      its addition, through hormonal stimulation of its synthesis, or through
      inhibition of its intracellular breakdown, leads to an inhibition of lactose
      production in lactating mammary gland. This effect of cyclic AMP is similar to
      that of progesterone, which is known to inhibit lactation in vivo and the
      withdrawal of which at parturition has been postulated to initiate lactogenesis.

PMID- 164956
TI  - Adenosine 3'5'-m onophosphate dependent phosphorylation of ribosomes and
      ribosomal subunits from bovine corpus luteum.
AB  - In a previous publication the purification and properties of two protein kinases
      (KI and KII) from a soluble fraction of bovine corpus luteum and the stimulation
      of the latter fol. Chem. 248,494-501). We have now studied the effects oc cyclic
      AMP and luteinizing hormone on ribosomal protein phosphorylation of corpus luteum
      by protein kinase II. Protein kinase II catalyzed the phosphorylation of
      ribosomes by transfer of terminal phosphate of ATP to ribosomal
      proteinsmextraction with hot trichloroacetic acid and non-aqueous solvent
      revealed that about 80% of total radioactivity incorporated remain associated
      with the protein residue. Radioactivity was identified in the phosphoserine and
      phosphothreonine residues of polypeptides by high voltage paper electrophoresis;
      The extent of phosphorylation was stimulated by cyclic AMP but not by luteinizing
      hormonemat least 9 proteins of 80-S ribosomes and 12 proteins of the 60-S
      ribosomal subunit were phosphorylated in the presence of cyclic AMP as resolved
      by urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, only one major and four
      minor bands were phosphorylated in the ase of 40-S ribosomal subunit under the
      influence of cyclic AMP. The ribosomal protein phosphorylation catalyzed by
      protein kinase II is regulated by cyclic AMP wherease luteinizing hormone has no
      effect on ribosome phosphorylation.

PMID- 164957
TI  - Effect of adrenergic agents on alpha-amylase release and adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate accumulation in rat parotid tissue slices.
AB  - The role of cyclic AMP in stimulus-secretion coupling with investigated in rat
      parotid tissue slices in vitro. Isoproterenol and norepinephrine stimulated a
      rapid intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP, which reached a maximum level of
      20-30 times the control value by 5 to 10 min after addition of the drug.
      Isoproterenol was approximately ten times more potent in stimulating both alpha
      amylase release and cyclic AMP accumulation than were norepinephrine and
      epinephrine, which had nearly equal effects on these two parameters. Salbutamol
      and phenylephrine were less effectivema parallel order of potency and sensitivity
      was observed for the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in a washed
      particulate fractionmthe results suggest that these drugs are acting on a parotid
      acinar cell through a beta1-adrenergic mechanismmat the lowest concentrations
      tested, each of the adrenergic agonists stimulated significant alpha-anylase
      release with no detectable stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulationmeven in the
      presence of theophylline, phenylephrine at several concentrations increased alpha
      amylase release without a detectable increase in cyclic AMP levels. However,
      phenylephrine did stimulate adenylate cyclase. These data suggest that, under
      certain conditions, large increases in the intra-cellular concentration of cyclic
      AMP may not be necessary for stimulation of alpha-amylase release by adrenergic
      agonists. Also consistent with this idea was the observation that stimulation of
      cyclic AMP accumulation by isoproterenol was much more sensitive to inhibition by
      propranolol than was the stimulation of alpha-amylase release by isoproterenol.
      Stimulation of alpha-amylase release by phenylephrine was only partially blocked
      by either alpha- or beta-adrenergic blocking agents, whereas stimulation of
      adenylate cyclase by phenylephrine was blocked by propranolol and not by
      phentolaminemphenoxybenzamine and phentolamine potentiated the effects of
      norepinephrine and isoproterenol on both cyclic AMP accumulation and alpha
      amylase release by N-6,O-2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate; These
      observations may indicate a non-specific action of phenoxybenzamine, and
      demonstrate the need for caution in interpreting evidence obtained using alpha
      adrenergic blocking agents as tools for investigation of alpha- and beta
      adrenergic antagonism.

PMID- 164958
TI  - Selenium - induced redistribution of cadmium binding to tissue proteins: a
      possible mechanism of protection against cadmium toxicity.
AB  - The mechanisms involved in the protection by Se against Cd toxicity in the rat
      were investigated. Se was found to significantly increase the Cd content in the
      blood and the testis, while decreasing that in the liver and kidney. Se diverted
      almost all the Cd in the soluble fraction of the testis from low-molecular-weight
      (MW) proteins to larger ones. Since the soluble fraction was the major
      subcellular Cd-binding component, the diversion of Cd by Se appears to be a
      mechanism involved in the protection by this element against the Cd-induced
      testicular injury. The diversion in binding of the Cd in the soluble fraction to
      higher MW proteins was also observed in the kidney and liver, and may be a second
      mechanism involved in the protection of these organs against Cd by Se, in
      addition to the reductive effect of Se on the tissue Cd concentration. Se was
      also found in these higher MW Cd-binding proteins. Based on a similarity of MW of
      about 115,000, the Cd-binding, Se-containing proteins found in these organs
      appear to be similar. A diversion of Cd from lower MW proteins to larger ones by
      Se was also found in the plasma, but the Cd-binding, Se-containing proteins in
      plasma appear to be different from those found in the other organs since they
      have a larger MW.

PMID- 164959
TI  - The dynamic electrical behaviour of the electrotonic junction between Retzius
      cells in the leech.

PMID- 164960
TI  - Algorithms for computer recognition of EEG sleep stages.

PMID- 164961
TI  - Effects of sulfhydryl reagents on basal and vasopressin-stimulated Na+ transport
      in the toad bladder.
AB  - The role of reactive SH groups (presumably in proteins) of the apical plasma
      membrane in transepithelial Na+ transport was studied in the isolated urinary
      bladder of the toad. On the basis of assays for TCA-soluble SH compounds (e.g.,
      glutathione, methionine), PCMB, PCMPS, NTCB, and DTNB did not penetrate the
      intracellular compartment from the luminal media either in control or vasopressin
      treated bladders. In contrast, PCMB from the serosal side and NEM from the
      luminal side titrated significant fractions of the TCA-soluble SH compounds. We
      conclude, therefore, the PCMB, PCMPS, NTCB, and DTNB are suitable reagents for
      studies on the physiological properties of apical plasma membrane SH groups.
      Titration of apical membrane SH groups with PCMPS, NTCB, and DTNB revealed
      heterogeneity in functional responses: PCMPS and NTCB elicited transient, 25-60%
      increases in SCC. In substrate-free media, pretreatment with these reagents
      inhibited the increase in SCC produced by vasopressin or cyclic AMP (+
      theophylline). In glucose-enriched media, the responses to combinations of
      vasopressin and PCMPS or NTCB were additive, implying activation via parallel
      pathways. Simultaneous addition of vasopressin or cyclic AMP (+ theophylline) and
      NTCB resulted in marked synergism, presumably as a result of unmasking of SH
      groups by the the hormone (or the intermediate). These results suggest that basal
      Na+ transport is regulated in part by SH compounds in the apical membrane that
      are distinct, although not necessarily different in kind, from those involved in
      the response to vasopressin.

PMID- 164962
TI  - Co-ordination behaviour of nucleic acid bases against the Fe(I)(NO)-2 group in
      solution. I. Purines: ESR study.
AB  - The binding sites of purine bases in the presence of the Fe(I)(NO)-2 group were
      investigated on the basis of the nuclear hyperfine structure of the electron spin
      resonance spectra. Selective isotopic substitution with 15-NO was used to clarify
      co-ordindination. Coupling constants and different types of complexes were
      determined by means of computer-simulated ESR spectra. Comparison was made with
      the binding sites of nucleotides and it was concluded that N-7, in the imidazole
      ring, is the preferred binding site. A structure with two base molecules bonded
      to the iron atom was proposed. Finally 8-azaguanine, an antitumoral agent, was
      studied and the special behaviour of this antimetabolite was demonstrated in the
      biologically-interesting pH values.

PMID- 164963
TI  - [Phospholipid composition of synaptosomes from the brains of normal rabbits and
      rabbits poisoned with phospho-organic cholinesterase inhibitors].
AB  - The authors studied quantitative and qualitative composition of phospholipids
      isolated by fractionation in the sucrose density gradient. The diacyl
      aminophospholipid (APL) content of synaptosomes was lower than that of the brain
      homogenates. On the other hand, the plasmologen APL, phosphoinositide and
      phosphatidylcholine content was greater in the synaptosomes. Strong excitation of
      the CNS induced with organo phosphorus inhibitors resulted in a 25% decrease of
      diacyl APL contnet and a 17% elevation of plasmalogen APL content in the whole
      brain homogenate. The phospholipid composition of synaptosomes remained
      unchanged, however.

PMID- 164964
TI  - [The effect of ethymizole on the concentration of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate in brain tissue].
AB  - It was found by the enzymatic method of cAMP determination that aethymizol (25
      mg/kg) caused a more than double increase in cAMP in the rat brain tissue 20
      minutes after the intraperitoneal injection. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism
      in the brain typical of cAMP increased, i.e. reduction in glycogen and an
      increase in glucose were revealed. The mechanism of aethymizol action was
      apparently connected with an increase in cAMP formation in the brain tissue.

PMID- 164965
TI  - Effects of anaerobiosis and inhibitors on O2-production by human granulocytes.
AB  - A study was carried out on the effect of a number of inhibitors as well as of
      anaerobiosis on the production of superoxide (O2 minus) by human granulocytes.
      Several metabolic inhibitors, including bazide, cyanide, antimycin A, and 2,4
      dinitrophenol had no effect on O2 minus production. Methimazole, which inhibits
      myeloperoxidase, was also without effect. The sulfhydryl reagents N-ethylmalemide
      and iodoacetamide greatly inhibited O2 minus production. O2 minus production did
      not take place under N2. Agents that affect cell motility were also examined.
      Colchicine and vinblastine, alkaloids which affect microtubule function, had
      little effect on granulycote O2 minus production. On the other hand, cytochalasin
      B, a fungal antimetabolite thought to affect microfilaments, inhibited O2 minus
      production by resting granulocytes and stimulated its production by cells
      incubated with bacteria. The mechanism and significance of this effect remain to
      be elucidated.

PMID- 164966
TI  - The estimation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and homo
      isovanillic acid in nervous tissue by gas-liquid chromatography and electron
      capture detection.
AB  - 1 A gas chromatographic method using electron capture detection is described for
      the estimation of three acidic metabolites of dopamine, 4-hydroxy-3
      methoxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid, HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      (DOPAC) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (homo-isovanillic acid, iso
      HVA). The method is based on the formation of the trifluoroacetyl
      hexafluoroisopropyl derivatives of the three acids. 2 The method has been applied
      to the estimation of DOPAC, HVA and iso-HVA in tissues from the central and
      peripheral nervous systems.

PMID- 164968
TI  - Two types of insomnia: too much waking or not enough sleep.
AB  - The stability of sleep was examined in two kinds of induced insomnia, namely
      after caffeine administration and after hypnotic drug withdrawal. The duration of
      each episode of any one sleep stage or any episode of intervening wakefulness
      plus drowsiness was determined. After caffeine there was an increase in longer
      episodes of intervening wakefulness plus drowsiness, but no significant change in
      the episode duration of any of the sleep stages. In the case of drug withdrawal
      there was no change in the episode duration of intervening wakefulness plus
      drowsiness, but there was a significant shortening of episode duration in sleep
      stages 2 and 3+4, with a similar trend for REM sleep episodes. Caffeine
      'insomnia' thus seems characterized by increased stability of wakefulness, and
      hypnotic withdrawal 'insomnia' by decreased stability fo sleep. The type of
      analysis undertaken in this study could increase understanding of other types of
      insomnia.

PMID- 164967
TI  - Possible role of a beta-adrenoceptor in the regulation of noradrenaline release
      by nerve stimulation through a positive feed-back mechanism.
AB  - 1 The effects of isoprenaline, propranolol and phentolamine, were studied on
      tritiated noradrenaline overflow elicited by postganglionic nerve stimulation in
      guinea-pig isolated atria. 2 Isoprenaline (1.2 times 10-minus 8M) increased while
      propranolol (1.0 times 10-minus 7M) reduced the overflow of tritiated
      noradrenaline evoked by nerve stimulation. These effects were less than those of
      phentolamine (3.1 times 10-minus 6M), which increased by approximately three-fold
      the overflow of [3H]-noradrenaline elicited by nerve stimulation. 3 Neuronal
      accumulation of tritiated noradrenaline in guinea-pig atria was not affected by
      isoprenaline, propranolol or phentolamine at the concentration employed in this
      study. 4 Isoprenaline (1.2 times 10-minus 8M) induced a positive chronotropic
      effect of about 80 percent of the maximum. On the other hand, propranolol
      produced a shift to the right in the frequency-response curve to nerve
      stimulation and in the concentration-response curve to exogenous noradrenaline in
      guinea-pig atria. 5 In the isolated nictitating membrane of the cat, the
      frequency-response curve to nerve stimulation was not modified by propranolol,
      while in the presence of 3.9 times 10-minus 6M of N,-2-(2,6
      dimethylphenoxy)propyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium (beta-methyl-TM 10) there was a
      shift to the right and a depression of slope. Neither propranolol nor beta-methyl
      TM 10 affected responses to exogenous noradrenaline. 6. The effects of
      isoprenaline and of propranolol on transmitter release are compatible with the
      view that in addition to the presynaptic negative feed-back mechanism for
      noradrenaline release by nerve stimulation mediated via alpha-adrenoceptors a
      positive feed-back mechanism exists in adrenergic nerve endings which is
      triggered through the activation of presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 164969
TI  - Urinary cyclic AMP IN 'ENDOGENOUS' AND 'NEUROTIC' DEPRESSION.

PMID- 164970
TI  - A comparison of phosphate bone-scanning agents in normal subjects and patients
      with malignant disease.

PMID- 164971
TI  - Endobronchial histiocytoma.

PMID- 164972
TI  - Editorial: Narcolepsy.

PMID- 164973
TI  - Letter: Fatality after fine-needle aspiration biopsy of liver.

PMID- 164975
TI  - Transvenous biopsy of carcinoma of bronchus causing superior vena caval
      obstruction.

PMID- 164974
TI  - Plasma immunoreactive melanotrophic hormones in patients on maintenance
      haemodialysis.
AB  - Circulating levels of melanotrophic horomones and ACTH were determined  in
      patients treated by maintenance dialysis for chronic renal failure. Plasma
      melanotrophic hormone levels were greatly increased in all patients studied (125
      1100 ng/1 as compared with 12-36 ng/1 in normal adults) and were correlated with
      the duration of treatment. Skin pigmentation, especially in exposed areas, was
      notably increased, particularly in those patients with the highest plasma
      melanotrophic concentrations. Plasma ACTH levels were normal or only slightly
      raised and circulating corticosteroid concentrations, as determined by a
      fluorimetric method, all lay within the physiological range. The dissociation
      between ACTH and melanotrophic hormone levels in these patients may have been the
      result of a slower metabolic clearance of the latter.

PMID- 164976
TI  - Letter: Treatment of asthmatic children with steroids.

PMID- 164977
TI  - Letter: Serum immunoglobulins in herpes virus infections.

PMID- 164978
TI  - Synaptic delay in superior cervical ganglion of the cat.

PMID- 164979
TI  - [Contribution to the elucidation of potential teratogenic influences on the
      development of malformations of the upper extremities (author's transl)].

PMID- 164981
TI  - Mammalian fatty acid synthetase. II. Modification of purified human liver complex
      activity.
AB  - Highly purified human-liver fatty acid synthetase complex was used to study the
      effect of several potential modifiers. Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate did not alter
      the activity of either purified synthetase or of multienzyme present in 700 times
      g supernates. Its dibutyryl derivative was also ineffective when incubated with
      liver slices. Fructose 1,6-diphosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and glucose 6
      phosphate stimulated significantly the activity of the purified enzyme. Fructose
      1,6-diphosphate, which was most effective, decreased the Km of the synthetase for
      NADPH. Phosphoenolpyruvate, rac-glycero-3-phosphate and potassium phosphate were
      ineffective; All longg-chain fatty acyl-CoA thioesters tested were inhibitory,
      but this effect was not observed until the regions of their critical micellar
      concentrations were reached. Free myristate, palmitate, and stearate did not
      inhibit synthetase activity up to the highest concentration tested (1 mM)qn
      enzyme preparation derived from livers of fasted rats inactivated purified rat
      liver 4'-phospho[14-C]pantetheine-fatty acid synthetase by releasing its
      prosthetic group. It also decreased the activity of the purified human-liver
      complex.

PMID- 164980
TI  - A comparison of the peptide composition of human serum low and very low density
      lipoprotein.
AB  - We have examined the apoprotein structure of human very low density lipoprotein
      (VLDL) and two subfractions of human low density lipoproteins, LDL-2 (d 1

PMID- 164982
TI  - Lysolecithin-cholesterol interaction. A spin-resonance and electron-micrographic
      study.
AB  - Another publication (rand, R. P., Pangborn, W., Purdon, A. D., and Tinker, D.
      O.(1975) Can. j. Biochem. 53, 189-195) has established that lysolecithin and
      cholesterol interact to form an equimolar complex. We have investigated this
      complex using the techniques of electron spin resonance (e.s.r) and
      electronmicroscopy. By varying the cholesterol concentration with lysolecithin in
      both thin films and dispersions studied by these techniques, we have observed the
      interaction between lysolecithin and equimolar complex below 50 mol %
      cholesterol, and between crystalline cholesterol and equimolar complex above 50
      mol % cholesterol. We have observed an interesting alteration in morphology by
      electron microscopy, and an isotropic to anisotropic spectral change using 3
      dosylcholestane and 12-doxylstearic acid spin-labelled probes when the
      cholesterol concentration is increased from 20 to 33 mol %. The equimolar complex
      is stable in the presence of crystalline cholesterol, and exhibits no phase
      changes in the physiological temperature range. Implications for membrane
      structure are discussed.

PMID- 164983
TI  - Studies of the regulation of purine nucleotide catabolism.
AB  - Ehrlich ascites tumor cells containing radioactive ATP were incubated in vitro
      with a range of concentrations of 2-deoxyglucose in order to produce different
      rates of ATP catabolism. Concentrations of all radioactive products of ATP
      catabolism were measured, and apparent rates of adenylate deaminase and inosinate
      dehydrogenase and of adenylate and inosinate dephosphorylation were calculated.
      It was concluded that these processes were reggulated primarily by the rate of
      formation of substrate, and to a lesser extent in some cases, by substrate
      concentration. No evidence was obtained for regulation of these processes by the
      concentration of ATP. The deoxyglucose-induced catabolism of radioactive GTP was
      also studied. When ATP catabolism was induced by incubation with 2,4
      dinitrophenol, time courses of accumulation of purine nucleoside monophosphates
      and rates of alternative pathways of their metabolism were quite different than
      when deoxyglucose was used.

PMID- 164984
TI  - Rat liver nuclerar protein kinases.
AB  - We have shown that nuclei isolated by two methods contain grossly different
      amounts of cyclic AMP-dependent histone kinase activity. Repeated washing of the
      isolated nuclei with a low ionic strength buffer removed the majority of the
      cyclic AMP-dependent histone kinase and cyclic AMP binding activity. Nuclear
      cyclic AMP-dependent histone kinase activity accounted for only 0.42% of the
      total cytoplasmic enzyme activity. Similarly, the lactate dehydrogenase activity
      associated with liver nuclei represented only 0.07% of the total cytoplasmic
      activity. The isolated liver nuclei contained only 0.27% of the total homogenate
      glutamate dehydrogenase activity and 1.7%of the total homogenate  glucose-6
      phosphatase activity. The cyclic AMP-dependent histone kinase behaves as a
      cytoplasmic rather than a nuclear enzyme. We have also shown that using crude
      extracts, one can achieve separation of the two nuclear casein kinases, NI and
      NII, on sucrose density gradients in the presence of 0.5M NaCl. Nuclear casein
      kinases NI and NII had sedimentation coefficients of 3.0 and 593 S, respectively,
      in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl. Under conditions of low ionic strength, all of the
      casein kinase activity in the crude nuclear extract sedimented as one peak with a
      seminentation coefficient of 7.3 S. The aggregation-disaggregation which occurred
      in the crude extract was reversible and was mainly due to the aggregative and
      disaggregative properties of casein kinase NII. The two nuclear casein kinases
      have different affinities for chromatin. When nuclei were disrupted in a
      hypotonic solution and extracted with a buffercontaining 0.14 M NaCl, casein
      kinase NII could be completely extracted from the viscous nuclear material.
      Although a significant amount of casein kinase NI was extracted by the buffer
      containing 0.14 M NaCl, re-extraction of the nuclear material with a buffer
      containing 0.5 M NaCl yielded substantial amounts of casein kinase NI, and a
      final extraction with a buffer containing 1.0 M NaCl yielded measurable amounts
      of casein kinase NI. No casein kinase NII activity could be detected in the 0.5 M
      and 1.0M NaCl extracts.

PMID- 164985
TI  - The orientation of cytochrome c oxidase in coupled phospholipid membrane vesicles
      -a spin-label study.
AB  - Cytochrome oxidase, an enzyme containing six different subunits, has been shown
      to span the inner mitochrondrial membrane. The arrangement of the subunits within
      the membrane is unknown. Wh have specifically labeled the 25 000 molecular weight
      subunit with a spin-label derivative of N-ethylmaleimide, 3-maleimido-2,2,5,5
      tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl (NEM-SL(5)). NEM-SL(5)-lebeled cytochrome oxidase
      can be incorporated into phospholipid membranes to form coupled vesicles of the
      Hinkle, Kim & Racker ((1972) Jriol. Chem; 247, 1338-1399) type. The resonance
      spectrum of NEM-SL(5) is similar in both soluble and vesicular cytochrome
      oxidase. Since ascorbate has been shown to reduce only spin label that is exposed
      to the exterior surface of a closed vesicle, we have used ascorbate to determine
      the NEM-SL(5)-binding site in the coupled vesicles; NEM-SL(5)-labeled cytochrome
      oxidase vesicles are reduced by 10 mM ascorbate with tau 1/2 of 1 min at 22
      degrees C; The rate of reduction is relatively independent of temperature. We
      conclude that (1) cytochrome oxidase is unidirectionally or preferentially
      oriented in the vesicle membrane, and (2) the NEM-SL(5)-binding site on the 25
      000 molecular weight subunit is exposed to the external aqueous medium.

PMID- 164987
TI  - The conformational states of oxidized and oxygenated beef-heart cytochrome c
      oxidase.
AB  - 1. The "oxygenated" form of cytochrome has been generated by treatment of the
      enzyme with ascorbic acid. 2. "Oxygenated oxidase" so generated is stable over
      long periods (24 h). 3. Sedimentation velocity experiments have shown the
      "oxygenated" oxidase to be a less compact molecule than the oxidized.

PMID- 164986
TI  - Characteristics of action of prostaglandins on cyclic AMP accumulation in rat
      anterior pituitary gland.
AB  - Prostaglandins (PGs) were found to lead to a marked stimulation of cyclic AMP
      accumulation in rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro in the following decreasing
      order of potency: PG E-1 E-2 GREATER THAN A-1 A-I GREATER THAN F-1ALPHA F-2ALPHA.
      The effect of PGs is potentiated by theophylline. The stimulatory effect of PGs
      on cyclic AMP accumulation is already detected 2min after the addition of 1-x 10
      7 to 1-x 10-6 M PG E-2 and its maximal effect is reached after approximated 30
      min of incubation, with a progressive decrease toward basal cyclic AMP levels at
      later time intervals. Increased intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations are
      accompanied by an increased release of the nucleotide into incubation medium.
      Complete removal of Ca-e+ from the incubation medium by addition of EGTA was
      found to increase the stimulatory effect of PG E-2 ON CYCLIC AMP accumulation.
      The action of PGs on hormonal release and cyclic AMP accumulation support the
      hypothesis of a role of PGs in the mechanism of anterior pituitary hormone
      (particularly growth hormone) release.

PMID- 164988
TI  - The conformational states of cytochrome oxidase in the mitochondrion.
AB  - THE Soret spectrum of "resting" cytochrome oxidase in cytochrome-c depleted
      mitochondria has been determined. The spectrum obtained is dependent on the rate
      at which the oxidase is turning over. In the least active preparations, the
      spectrum is almost pure "oxidized"  oxidase. With increasing activity the
      spectrum is converted to a mixture of "oxidized" and "oxygenated" oxidases. It is
      concluded that the same conformational differences between the two non-reduced
      forms that are found in the purified enzyme also occur in these cytochrome-c
      depleted mitochondria.

PMID- 164989
TI  - Effects of Lubrol detergents on adenylate cyclases.
AB  - The nonionic detergent Lubrol WX showed diverse, concentration-dependent effects
      onbasal and stimulated adenylate cyclases. Above concentrations of 0.001-0.01%
      Lubrol WX, the basal activity of cyclase from Ehrlich ascites cells was inhibed
      about 50%, and that from rat fat cells was doubled. In both cases, hormonal
      sensitivity was lost at 0.01%. These effects were reversed upon dilution of the
      detergent. It is suggested that solubilization of adenylate cyclases at such low
      concentrations of Lubrol should be attempted since it is conceivable that loss of
      hormone sensitivity may then be reversible. Different Lubrol-type detergents may
      also offer centain advantages, since Lubrol PX effects were not identical with
      those of Lubrol WX.

PMID- 164990
TI  - Effect of Eimeria acervulina infection on nutrient retention with special
      reference to fat malabsorption in chickens.
AB  - Nutritional balance studies were conducted to determine the effect of Eimeria
      acervulina infection on the retention of nutrients and the efficiency of
      utilization of protein and energy in the diet during the course of intestinal
      coccidiosis in chickens. Both light and electronmicroscopic studies were
      conducted to elucidate the pathogenesis of fat malabsorption in the infected
      chickens. The infection with E. acervulina during the acute phase of the disease
      (day 4 to day 8 postinfection) caused a reduction (P smaller than 0.01) in the
      retention of percent protein, percent ether extract and percent gross energy of
      the diet with a concomitant increase (P smaller than 0.01) in the concentration
      of ether extract and gross energy of the excreta. The metabolizable energy value
      of the diet was also depressed during this phase. During the recovery phase of
      the disease (day 9 to day 13 postinfection) infected chickens voided excreta
      containing a slightly greater concentration of ether extract when compared to the
      controls but differences in the retention of percent protein and percent gross
      energy were no longer observed. An increased retention of percent phosphorus also
      occured during the recovery phase. Studies involving the carcass composition
      revealed that the efficiency of utilization of protein and metabolizable energy
      of the diet for tissue deposition was reduced (P smaller than 0.05) during day 0
      to day 8 postinfection but only the efficiency of metabolizable energy
      utilization was found to be depressed (P smaller than 0.05) when data for day 0
      to day 14 postinfection were analyzed. Both light and electronmicroscopic studies
      of the duodenal villi of infected chickens during day 5 to day 6 postinfection
      revealed accumulation of large globules of fat in the villus epithelial cells
      parasitized by the gammonts of E. acervulina indicating a possible blackade of
      "fat exit" from these cells.

PMID- 164991
TI  - A comparison of gel diffusion, fluorescent antibody and virus isolation methods
      in experimental and natural cases of infectious bursal disease.
AB  - In studies with chicks inoculated with the Sk-1 strain of infectious bursal agent
      the bursa of Fabricius was found to be the tissue of choice for virus isolation
      as well as for use in the fluorescent antibody test and the agar gel diffusion
      test. In separate experiments positive results were obtained until
      postinoculation days 3 or 4 by the agar gel diffusion test, 5 or 6 by the
      fluorescent antibody test and 14 by the virus isolation method, respectively.
      Bursas from chickens involved in seven natural outbreaks of infectious bursal
      disease were then examined by these three methods. Virus was isolated from six
      outbreaks and infectious bursal agent antigen was demonstrated in three by the
      agar gel diffusion test method and seven (three by direct examination and four
      after one passage in chicks) by the fluorescent antibody test method. Passage in
      chicks was required when nonspecific fluorescence complicated the interpretation
      of fluorescent antibody test results.

PMID- 164992
TI  - Investigation of factors of probable significance in the pathogenesis of
      pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle.
AB  - Six groups of ten beef calves six to eight months of age were shipped from
      western Canada and observed untreated for one week after arrival. The following
      parameters were measured daily: body temperature, plasma fibrinogen, nasal
      bacterial mean colony counts of Pasteurella hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida,
      total and differential leukoyte counts, packed cell volumes and the following,
      twice during the week: serum and nasal antibody titres to P. hemolytica and
      parainfluenza-3 virus. The lungs from 44 of the calves were obtained at post
      mortem and given a numerical score based on the degree of pneumonia present.
      Animals were designated SICK and WELL according to body temperature and plasma
      fibrinogen. The SICK animals had higher nasal mean colony counts of P. hemolytica
      than the WELL animals. The SICK animals had lower levels of serum antibody to P.
      hemolytica than the WELL on day 1 but had a greater rise in titre over the week
      than did the WELL animals. Both groups were similar with regard to serum antibody
      to parainfluenza-3 virus and there was little change in these titres. The SICK
      animals had a much greater degree of pneumonia than the WELL. The values of some
      of the parameters were combined with the data of previously studied animals in
      order to provide a comparison of SICK and WELL with larger numbers of animals.

PMID- 164993
TI  - Correlation between the serum neutralization test and the indirect
      immunofluorescent test for the detection of specific antibodies to infectious
      bovine rhinotracheitis virus.
AB  - Comparative titrations show that immunofluorescence on infected rabbit kidney
      cells is relatively as sensitive as the neutralization test for the detection of
      antibodies to the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. When calf testis cells
      infected with this virus are used for the detection of antibodies by the indirect
      immunofluorescent test nonspecific staining is high. This nonspecific reaction is
      absent when rabbit kidney cells are used.

PMID- 164994
TI  - Improvements in the modified direct complement fixation test and its application
      in the detection of bluetongue antibodies in cattle and sheep sera.
AB  - In this study, improvements were made in the technique and the preparation of the
      antigen. It was possible to perform three extractions and elutions resulting in a
      soluble reactive preparation from each batch of infected mouse brain. This led to
      an appreciable increase in the yield of highly reactive antigen. The presence of
      bluetongue antibodies was not detected in 13,210 sheep sera. Of the 13,486 bovine
      sera tested, only three questionable reactions were obtained. It was possible to
      determine that two of these animals were imported. Various isolation methods,
      including transmission trials to susceptible sheep followed by serological tests
      on the sheep sera, failed to confirm the infection in the three reactors.

PMID- 164995
TI  - Type 1 and type 2 herpes simplex uvietis in immune rabbits: importance of pure
      virus preparation.
AB  - Systemic immunization with type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV) protected rabbits
      from developing uveitis when they were challenged intravitreally with either
      purified type 1 or purufied type 2 HSV. But when an HSV preparation contaminated
      with a nonviral foreign antigen (fetal calf serum) was used for both systemic
      immunization and challenge, the immunization against HSV failed to exert a
      protective effect because the fetal calf serum had produced a nonviral
      immunologic reaction in the uveal tract. This clearly indicates the importance of
      preparing virus properly for use in experiments of this nature.

PMID- 164996
TI  - Clostridium welchii corneal ulcer--a case report.
AB  - A case of corneal ulcer in a 10-year-old Nigerian boy in which clostridium
      welchii and achromobacter were isolated is reported. The absence of trauma and
      rarity of only corneal involvement in a clostridial infection is emphasized. The
      bacteriology of the clostridial infection is emphasized. The bacteriology of the
      clostridial ocular infections is reviewed, the media necessary for isolation of
      the organism and the symbiotic relationship with other bacteria are discussed.
      The clinical course of the disease with uneventful recovery of the patient is
      emphasized.

PMID- 164997
TI  - Hydrogen cyanide, a secondary metabolite of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Seventy-four of 110 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested produced detectable
      amounts of HCN from growth in 2% peptone or nutrient agar. Of the 25 species of12
      bacterial and fungal genera tested, other than P. aeruginosa, only P. fluorescens
      and P. polycolor gave positive HCN tests. Cyanide is produced after cessation of
      active growth. Iron was stimulatory to cyanogenesis in concentration above 1 muM,
      while copper, zinc, cobalt, and manganese at concentrations of 20 muM had no
      effect. Cyanogenesis id dependent on the temperature of incubation within ranges
      which allow complete growth. Inorganic phosphate in concentrations between 90 and
      300 mM allows growth but inhibits HCN production. Growth of cells anaerobically,
      using nitrate as the electron acceptor, results in low cyanide yields, which can
      be partially reversed by subsequent aerobic incubation. These results indicate
      that HCN is a secondary metabolite of P. aeruginosa.

PMID- 164998
TI  - Relationship between the DNA content and mesosome number in cells of Bacillus.
AB  - In cells of Bacillus there is evidence that deoxyribonucleic acid forms an
      association with some membranous structure within the cell, possibly mesosomes.
      Cells of varieties of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis were examined to see
      if any quantitative relationship existed between the numbers of mesosomes and DNA
      content. No direct relationship could be domonstrated. However, cells of Bacillus
      cereus var. alesti A(-) maintained a characteristic and constant DNA content and
      number of mesosomes regardless of growth conditions. During sporulation, a
      variant of A(-), termed A(-)3, SEQUESTERS ITS DNA at both ends of the cell,
      leaving a small amount of DNA but no mesosomes in the center compartment. Since
      this center compartment is capableof growth and division upon replacement in
      fresh medium (rejuventation) it was examinedfor mesosome content as DNA synthesis
      and division were initiated. In most cells, acentral mesosome was formed at the
      site of cell septum formation; however, the presenceof a mesosome was not an
      absolute prerequisite for cell division. We propose that atthe onset of cell
      growth, mesosomes primarily function in the process of cell septum formation. As
      growth and division proceed, mesosomes are produced in characteristicnumbers and
      may act as the site of DNA synthesis and (or) segregation.

PMID- 164999
TI  - Host response to infection by Coxiella burneti.
AB  - A host response to infection by Coxiella burneti was investigated. Infectedyolk
      sacs were harvested from embryonated eggs and assayed for glycolytic activity.
      Assays of glycolytic enzymes included glucose isomerase, aldolase,
      phosphofructokinase,fructose-1,6-diphoshatase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, enolase, and pyruvate kinase. No significant differences in
      enzymatic activity between normal and infected tissues through the 12th day was
      observed. From the 13th day through the 16thday, the glycolytic activity of
      normal tissues decreased. Glycolytic activity of infected tissues did not
      decrease, but showed a gradual increase during this same time period. Embryos
      from infected eggs demonstrated a gradual decrease in total weight fromthe 12th
      day until death occurred on the 16th day.

PMID- 165000
TI  - [Rubella virus.  III. Purification of infected or non-infected Vero cell
      membranes].
AB  - Separation of Vero cell membrane in a discontinuous sucrose gradient reveals five
      fractions. After infection a sixth fraction appears. It contains virioins but
      mostly modified membranes with subunits 5-6 nm in diameter, probably the
      hemagglutinin. None of the enzymes used was associated with this fraction. No
      modification of the other fractions was observed after infection.

PMID- 165001
TI  - Solitary liver nodules.
AB  - There has been confusion in the literature over the nomenclature of solitary
      liver nodules. Several such lesions have recently been reported in patients
      taking oral contraceptives. Similarities exist between these cases that suggest
      they may be examples of focal nodular hyperplasia. Here three further cases are
      presented. The criteria for making the diagnosis and its importance are
      discussed.

PMID- 165003
TI  - The structure of a sulfated glycoprotein of chick allantoic fluid: methylation
      and periodate oxidation.
AB  - The structure of an antigenic, sulfated glycoprotein from chick chorioallantoic
      fluid has been investigated by exogalactosidase digestion, methylation and mass
      spectral analyses, periodate oxidation, and Smith degradation. The main
      carbohydrate chains are composed of D-galactosyl residues linked at C-3 and 2
      acetamido-2-deoxyglucose residues linked at C-4. Fucose and N-acetylneuraminic
      acid residues are nonreducing terminal groups, and the N-acetylneuraminic acid
      groups are linked to the D-galactose residues at C-3. Most of the sulfate groups
      (91% of the sulfate) are located on C-6 of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose
      residues, and the rest on C-6 of the D-galactose residues. A large number of the
      D-galactose residues (36.9% of the total) are present as nonreducing terminal
      groups and another 21.7% of the D-galactose residues are in penultimate position
      to the nonreducing terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid residues. Although mild
      periodate oxidation indicates the presence of D-galactose in furanoside form
      (5.5% of total D-galactose), no 5-O-methyl derivative of D-galactose was observed
      on methylation.

PMID- 165002
TI  - Medical Research Council of Canada therapeutic trial of human growth hormone:
      first 5 years of therapy.
AB  - The Medical Research Council of Canada has initiated human growth hormone (hGH)
      therapy in 151 patients with documented complete hGH deficiency that was
      idiopathic in 76% of cases, secondary to craniopharyngioma (organic) in 17% and
      of varied cause in 7%. Approximately 50% of the patients with idiopathic disease
      had isolated hGH deficiency; during therapy thyroid deficiency developed in five
      patients and cortisol deficiency in three. A similar increase in mean height
      velocity occurred in the first treatment phase for patients less than 12 years
      old (0.93 plus or minus 0.30 cm/mo) and those 12 years and older (0.86 plus or
      minus 0.29 cm/mo). Although subsequent courses of hGH therapy yielded
      significantly diminished response in both age groups, this diminution was not
      progressive: the height velocity of the younger patients returned to 0.82 plus or
      minus 0.26 cm/ml in the fifth therapy phase. The mean height velocity attained at
      the optimal dosage (0.20 to 0.29 units/kg three times per week) for each age
      group did not differ significantly. Despite therapy being carried out for only 6
      months of the year, normal increment ratios for height age and bone age against
      chronologic age were observed in the patients with idiopathic disease. In only
      four patients did treatment failure occur, and three of these were more than 20
      years old. The addition of fluoxymesterone (10 mg/d) to the hGH therapeutic
      regimen (15 units/wk), when diminished response to hGH alone became evident,
      promoted an enhanced growth response in 9 of 11 older patients. These data
      indicate that age of the patient and dosage of hGH, but not diagnostic category,
      were important influences on the response to therapy. Younger patients responded
      best and maintained a higher mean growth velocity than older patients during
      intermittent hGH therapy

PMID- 165004
TI  - The destruction of allogeneic tumour cells by peritoneal macrophages from immune
      mice: purification of lytic effector cells.

PMID- 165005
TI  - Host defense mechanisms against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. II.
      Inhibition of viral plaque formation by immune peripheral blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 165006
TI  - Comparative studies on the reactivity of T-cells and non T-cells in lymphocyte
      transformation experiments and cytotoxicity tests.

PMID- 165008
TI  - Methylation of rat liver mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid by chemical
      carcinogens and associated alterations in physical properties.
AB  - The formation of 7-methylguanine in rat liver mitochondrial DNA following the
      administration of the powerful carcinogen, dimethylnitrosamine, and the weak
      carcinogen, methyl methanesulphonate was measured and compared to the alkylation
      of nuclear DNA by these agents. At all doses tested mitochondrial DNA was
      alkylated more extensively than nuclear DNA by dimethylnitrosamine but both types
      of cellular DNA were alkylated to about the same extent by methyl
      methanesulphonate. The physical structure of rat liver mitochondrial DNA isolated
      from animals treated with these agents was investigated by electrophoresis in
      agarose gels and by isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl gradients. These procedures
      carried out in the presence of ethidium bromide, an intercalating dye, separate
      closed circular forms of mitochondrial DNA from open circular molecules
      (containing a single-strand break) and linear molecules. Administration of
      dimethylnitrosamine produced a considerable decrease in the amount of
      mitochondrial DNA which could be isolated in the closed circular form and at
      higher doses of dimethylnitrosamine no closed circular mitochondrial DNA could be
      found. Methyl methanesulphonate was less effective at reducing the amount of
      closed circular mitochondrial DNA. One explantation of these results is that
      dimethylnitrosamine leads to strand breaks in mitochondrial DNA and the possible
      use of this system to investigate carcinogen-induced breaks in DNA is discussed.

PMID- 165007
TI  - Restorative effect of normal human serum, transfer factor and thymosin on the
      ability of heated human lymphocytes to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes.

PMID- 165009
TI  - Synthesis of threo-4,5-dihydroxy diastereomers of sphinganine;.
AB  - The threo-4,5-dihydroxy diastereomers of sphinganine were prepared by the
      following sequence of reactions: (a) benzoylation of sphingenine to the
      tribenzoyl derivative; (b) osmylation followed by resolution of the mixture of
      threo-4,5-dihydroxy tribenzoyl (DHTBS) diastereomers; and (c) alkaline hydrolysis
      to yield the threo-4,5-dihydroxysphinganines (DHS). Carbon atoms 4 and 5 of the
      high and low melting threo-4,5-DHTBS diastereomers and the compounds derived from
      them were tentatively assigned 4R, 5S and 5R configurations, respectively;

PMID- 165010
TI  - Arrangement of lipid and protein in human serum high density lipoproteins: a
      proposed model.
AB  - Based on size and compositional data, models for the two major density subclasses
      of human serum high density lipoproteins have been developed. Descriptions of
      both the surface structure of the high density lipoproteins and the structure of
      their apolar core regions are integral parts of these models. The surface is
      described as a mosaic of amphiphilic lipid and helical protein regions. The
      conformation and orientation of the various apolar lipid components as restricted
      by the surface organization is discussed.

PMID- 165011
TI  - An ESR Study of the mobility of the cholestane spin label in oriented lecithin
      cholesterol multibilayers.
AB  - The motion of the cholestane spin label in oriented lecithin-cholesterol
      multibilayers is described in terms of a rotational diffusion about the long
      molecular axis with diffusion coefficient D parrell and a restricted random
      librational motion about axes perpendicular to the long axis with diffusion
      coefficient D1. The diffusion coefficients have been determined from the angular
      dependence of the ESR line shape at various temperatures and cholesterol
      contents. The temperature dependence of D parrell and D1 clearly shows the
      transition from the gel to liquid crystalline phase. Increasing amounts of
      cholesterol reduce the transition temperature. A strong reduction is found from o
      to 10 mole % cholesterol. At 50 mole % no longer a sharp transition is observed.
      In the temperature range from 40 to 80 degrees C the range of D is about 10 times
      larger than the range of D parrell, indicating a high activation energy for the
      librational motion arising from a strong hindrance by interaction with
      surrounding molecules. Cholesterol contents up to 10-20 mole % give an increase
      of D parrell and D1, arising from strong decrease of the transition temperature
      in this range. Above 10-20 mole % a reduction of D parrell and D1 is found.
      However, the effect  of cholesterol is much stronger on D1 than on D parrell. In
      the liquid crystalline phase at about 60 degrees C the effect of cholesterol on D
      parrell is even negligible, while D1 strongly changes. This indicates that in the
      liquid crystalline phase only the librational motion is influenced by
      cholesterol, due to a denser packing of the molecules in the bilayer.

PMID- 165012
TI  - An ESR Spin label study of structural and dynamical properties of oriented
      lecithin-cholesterol multibilayers.
AB  - Oriented dipalmitoyllecithin-cholesterol multibilayers with 11% water have been
      studied with the cholestane spin label. From the ESR spectra the order parameters
      and the mobility of the spin label about its long axis have been calculated. The
      results on pure lecithin multibilayers indicate a transition from gel to liquid
      crystalline phase at 52 plus or minus 2 degrees C. In the gel phase the lecithin
      alkyl chains are highly ordered, but tilted with respect to the normal to the
      bilayers by about 25 degrees. Above 52 degrees C the tilt disappears and the
      mobility of the cholestane spin label increases, indicating an increase of
      mobility of the lecithin alkyl chains. When cholesterol is added, below about 52
      degrees C a decrease of order is found. Furthermore, already small cholesterol
      contents (smaller than or equal to 10 mole %) remove the tilt. Above about 52
      degrees C cholesterol improves the order by decreasing the amplitude of the
      librational motions. Cholesterol lowers the transition temperature of the system
      and reduces the mobility of the lecithin alkyl chains in the liquid crystalline
      phase. However an increase in mobility is found at cholesterol contents up to 10
      mole %. A very broad phase transition is observed at 50 mole % cholesterol. In
      all systems an increase in temperature results in a reduction of order through an
      increase of the amplitude of the librational motions of the molecules. The
      librational motions are to some extent cooperative. The asymmetry of the order
      matrix is found to be a measure for the lateral ordering. Cholesterol increases
      the lateral ordering, indicating that the flat cholesterol molecules orient
      parallel to each other.

PMID- 165013
TI  - Intervesicular phospholipid exchange. An NMR study.
AB  - Phospholipid exchange between phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine
      ?vesicles has been studied by NMR spectroscopy with use of hydrophilic
      paramagnetic lanthanide probes (Pr-3+ and Eu-3+ ions). The dependence of the
      lanthanide induced shifts in the1-H and 31-P NMR spectra on the phospholipid
      composition of the vesicles could be used for its quantitative evaluation. The
      method has been proved to be applicable for studying phospholipid exchange
      stimulated by soluble proteins (postmicrosomal supernatant fraction) from rat
      liver. Furthermore it has been shown that the phospholipid molecules newly
      introduced by protein-stimulated exchange are predominantly incorporated into the
      outermonolayer of the vesicular bilayer membrane. This makes it possible to
      produce liposomes with asymmetric distribution of the phospholipids across the
      bilayer.

PMID- 165014
TI  - 13-C NMR investigation of phospholipid membranes with the aid of shift reagents.
AB  - 13-C NMR spectra of sonicated phospholipid dispersions have been investigated
      with the aid of paramagnetic ions (Pr-3+) as shift reagents. This method permits
      discrimination between the outer and the inner surfaces of the vesicular membrane
      and gives a larger variety of signals than 1-H NMR. The lanthanide induced shifts
      have been found to depend on other ions present and on the lipid composition of
      the membrane.

PMID- 165016
TI  - Relationship between serum cholinesterase and low density lipoproteins in
      children with nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - 1. A significant increase in the activity of serum cholinesterase and
      concentration of dextran sulphate precipitable lipoproteins, cholesterol and
      triglycerides was observed in sixteen children with a diagnosis of nephrotic
      syndrome when compared with the values obtained in 22 other normal children of
      comparable ages. 2. In 7 children with nephrotic syndrome serum concentrations of
      beta-lipoprotein and cholinesterase were markedly higher in the acute stage
      compared to the convalescent stage. A working hypothesis is proposed to explain
      the hyperlipoproteinemia in nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 165015
TI  - Phospholipid unsaturation and plasma membrane organization.
AB  - A comparison has been made between the unsaturation of plasma-membrane
      phospholipids,present in the human erythrocyte, rat liver, mouse liver and a
      rapidly growing rat hepatoma. Of the double bonds present in the hydrocarbon
      chains of the membrane phospholipids,onethird is contributed by sphingomyelin
      plus phosphatidyl choline and the remainder by phosphatidyl serine, ethanolamine
      and inositol. Assuming that the phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed in
      the two leaflets of the bilayer in general, the consequences of this asymmetry in
      combination with cholesterol content and fatty acid distribution on plasma
      membrane organization and function are discussed. It is suggested, that the
      organizational disposition of plasma membrane components other than phospholipids
      is at least related if not dependent upon the latter's asymmetric distribution in
      the bilayer.

PMID- 165017
TI  - Composition of low-density lipoprotein in children with hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - Low-density lipoprotein composition, studied in 7 pre-pubertal children with
      secondary hyperlipoproteinaemia, did not differ significantly from that found in
      12 normal children. This contrasts with the findings in 12 children with the
      heterozygous form of familial hypercholesterolaemia in whom the low-density
      lipoprotein was significantly deficient in triglyceride (p smaller than 0.001)
      and protein (p smaller than 0.025), and had an increased proportion of
      cholesterol esters compared with normal (p greater than 0.01). Treatment which
      lowered serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentration in these
      children did not materially alter the abnormalities of composition of the low
      density lipoprotein. The data support the hypothesis that an abnormality of
      composition of low-density lipoprotein is an integral feature of familial
      hypercholesterolaemia and does not simply result from an increased concentration
      of low-density lipoprotein of whatever cause.

PMID- 165018
TI  - Hexokinase isozyme pattern in CCl(4)-injured rat liver.
AB  - Activities of hexokinase isozymes in carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-injured rat
      liver were determined quantitatively by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and
      compared with those of regenerating liver, fetal liver and ascites hepatoma cells
      (AH 130). The CCl(4)-injured liver revealed an isozyme distribution with
      predominant Types I, II and III (3.2, 8.8 and 6.8 times higher than the control
      values, respectively) and with undetectable activity of Type IV hexokinase
      (glucokinase). Although the isozyme pattern generally resembled that of fetal
      liver or hepatoma cells, the relatively high activity of hexokinase Type III in
      CCl(4) treatment characterizes the pattern of hexokinase isozyme in acue liver
      damage.

PMID- 165019
TI  - Determination of human liver cytochrome P-450 by electron paramagnetic resonance
      of liver biopsies.
AB  - Human liver cytochrome P-450 level has beenen determined by direct electron
      paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at 77 degrees K of liver specimens obtained
      by surgical biopsy. A preliminary experiment with rat livers was performed in
      order to calibrate the intensity of the cytochrome P-450 EPR signal as a function
      of the cytochrome concentration obtained by the classical spectrophotometric
      method. 44 subjects have be examined. We found a cytochrome P-450 value of 21.5
      plus or minus 11.2 nmoles per gram of liver in normal subjects. Variations of
      this level in some pathological liver states are discussed.

PMID- 165020
TI  - Human very low density lipoproteins: loss of electrophoretic mobility on
      enzymatic removal of sialic acid residues.
AB  - Incubation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from three
      hyperlipoproteinemic patients with neuraminidase resulted in a progressive
      liberation of sialic acid residues. After the original sialic content had been
      reduced by approx. 75% a lipoprotein fraction having zero electrophoretic
      mobility on paper appeared. This fraction increased until, after the removal of
      all the sialic acid residues, the mobility of the entire VLDL fraction was
      reduced to zero.

PMID- 165021
TI  - Viral hepatitis and cirrhosis.
AB  - Most of the knowledge of post-hepatitic cirrhosis comes from studies performed in
      the last five years on the hepatitis B antigen-related variety. The position of
      other types of hepatitis (particularly type A) as an aetiological factor in
      cirrhosis remains conjectural. In general, the post-hepatitic cirrhosis develops
      insidiously after a mild or unrecognised acute episode of hepatitis. General
      progress is slow. Early deaths are due to liver failure. Later, primary
      hepatocellular carcinoma assumes increasing importance. Needle biopsy of the
      liver is usually necessary to confirm the diagnosis of cirrhosis and to estimate
      the degree of activity. Sampling errors when such a small specimen of liver is
      obtained must be taken into account, when formulating a diagnosis and prognosis.
      Prednisolone therapy is usually given if the patient is symptomatic, biochemical
      tests are abnormal and the liver biopsy confirms active chronic hepatitis with or
      without cirrhosis. The evidence of benefit is not so strong as for other forms of
      active hepatitis and cirrhosis such as the lupoid type. The management of the
      cirrhosis is otherwise along orthodox lines.

PMID- 165022
TI  - Lp(a) lipoprotein/pre-beta1-lipoprotein in Swedish middle-aged males and in
      patients with coronary heart disease.
AB  - A strong, positive association (P smaller than 0.0001) was found between the
      presence in serum of pre-beta1-lipoprotein upon electrophoresis in 0.5% agarose
      and the Lp(a+) phenotype in a series of 103 males aged 50-52 years participating
      in a health control study and in a series of 58 patients with sustained
      myocardial infarction. Both lipiprotein phenomena were more prevalent in the 58
      patients than in the 103 presumably healthy males. The lack of any significant
      difference between total cholesterol values in the patients and the controls,
      despite the higher frequency of phenotype Lp(a+) in the former group, argues
      against the suggestion by Walton et al. (1974) that the increased Lp(a+)
      frequency in patients with coronary artery disease may be caused by a general
      increase in the concentration of low density lipoproteins (LDL).

PMID- 165023
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity in patients with amebic abscess of the liver.

PMID- 165024
TI  - Growth following renal transplantation in children and adolescents.
AB  - Growth following renal transplantation in children and adolescents. Sixteen
      children who received a cadaveric renal transplant surviving 1 to 5 years, had
      their growth rate assessed while receiving 10 to 25 mg of prednisone every 48
      hours. Six of 9 patients witha a bone age of 12 years or less grew at a "normal"
      rate. None of the patients whose bone age was greater than 12 years grew at a
      "normal" rate. Since low-dose alternate-day prednisone therapy allows for optimal
      growth but does not appear to compromise kidney survival, we feel such a regime
      should be instituted in growing children receiving a kidney transplant.

PMID- 165025
TI  - Observations on embryonic chick-bone crystals by high resolution transmission
      electron microscopy.
AB  - High resolution transmission electron microscopy of bone mineral at a vary early
      stage in its deposition in embryonic chick frontal bone demonstrates crystals of
      2-2.5 nm thickness and a profile up to 40 nm long. They appear in groups which
      may show as few as one or two crystals. Associated with the crystals is a less
      dense amorphous material. Using specimen tilting, the change in crystal
      appearance indicates that crystals are tablet-shaped (rectangular) rather than
      rod-shaped. The amorphous material may be tablet-shaped crystals in orientations
      which are not dense enough to register as crystals in the image. Truly amorphous
      mineral does not show by bright-field electron microscopy, but preliminary
      results indicate that the dark-field technique may prove to be useful in imaging
      amorphous mineral provided that sections can be cut thinly enough and that
      precautions are taken during specimen preparation to avoid mineral loss. Crystals
      have been located in various parts of the osteoid zone and were not associated
      specifically with any one component. Rapid processing using anhydrous techniques
      must be used to avoid the possibility of artefactually altering the in vivo
      conditions of the mineral at the time of excision of the specimen.

PMID- 165026
TI  - Calcium accumulation by chondrocyte mitochondria.
AB  - Chick epiphyseal plate mitochondria observed in vitro suggest that energy
      dependent Ca++ uptake was maximal in the presence of ATP and a respiratory
      substrate. However, nucleotides other than ATP had no effect on this type of
      cation uptake. The observation that Ca++ accumulation was sensitive to the
      presence of 2,4-DNP and a number of respiratory inhibitors suggested that the
      mechanism of cation accumulation was similar to that described in tissues that do
      not undergo biological mineralization. Non-energy supported Ca++ acumulation was
      studied in the presence of rotenone and antimycin A. Under these conditions, the
      amount of Ca++ bound by skeletal tissue mitochondria was greater than bound by
      mitochondria obtained from noncalcifying tissues. Following isopycnic
      centrifugation, the Ca++ loaded mitochondria banded at different sucrose densties
      but the Ca++ affinity of mitochondria at each density band was similar. Hence, no
      particular mitochondrial species seems to be responsible for cation transport.

PMID- 165027
TI  - Current problems in end-stage kidney disease.

PMID- 165028
TI  - The varicella-zoster virus in the etiology of severe congenital defects. A survey
      of eleven reported instances.

PMID- 165029
TI  - Dose-response to tibric acid: a new hypolipidemic drug in type IV
      hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - This double-blind study compares the effects of tibric acid at four different
      doses to that of placebo in type IV hyperlipidemic patients. Fifty patients,
      divided at random in five groups of 10 patients each, received one of the
      following treatments: placebo, tibric acid 500 mg, 750 mg, 1,000 mg, or 1,250 mg
      per 24 hr. The data suggest that the 1,000 mg and the 1,250 mg doses are
      effective in lowering the serum triglyceride levels after 6 wk of treatment; the
      effect on total cholesterol is less pronouced. No effect is observed on the
      concentration of serum esterified cholesterol, phospholipids, and free fatty
      acids. It is also shown that in the dose range studied, the best fitting curve
      defining the four mean values of triglycerides and total cholesterol obtained
      with the four active treatments did not deviate significantly from linearity. Due
      to lack of toxicity, tibric acid may be useful in the treatment of type IV
      hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 165030
TI  - Enzyme activities and properties of lysosomes and brush borders in jejunal
      biopsies from control subjects and patients with coeliac disease.
AB  - 1. Reduced activities of four enzymes from brush borders were found in intestianl
      biopsies from patients with untreated coeliac disease. The activities returned
      towards control values after treatment by gluten withdrawal. Parallel changes
      were noted for the cytosol enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. 2. Measurement of brush
      border integrity by differential centrifugation of biopsy extracts indicated
      increased fragility of the brush borders in biopsies from untreated patients.
      Normal values were obtained for biopsies from treated patients. 3. Increased
      activites of six acid hydrolases (lysosomal enzymes) were found in biopsies from
      untreated coeliac patients. Normal values were obtained for biopsies from treated
      patients. 4. Assement of lysosomal integrity by assay of latent N-acetyl-beta
      glucosaminidase and of sedimentable activity of four acid hydrolases demonstrated
      increased lysosomal fragility in untreated coeliac mucosa. These lysosomal
      changes return to within the normal range after treatment by gluten withdrawal.
      5. The lysosomal changes are consistent with their having a pathogenic role in
      the enterocyte damage of coeliac disease. Possible mechanisms for the lysosomal
      changes are discussed.

PMID- 165031
TI  - Vitamin D metabolism and parathyroid function in man.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of an intravenous pulse dose of double-isotope-labelled
      cholecalciferol has been studied in control subjects with widely differing states
      of vitamin D nutrition and in patients with primary disorders of parathyroid
      function. 2. The formation of labelled 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol [1,25
      (OH)2D3] and labelled 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(OH)2D3] has been
      related to the prevailing concentrations in serum of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
      [25-(OH)D3], immunoreactive parathyroid hormonel, calcium and orthophosphate
      (Pi). 3. In control subjects with relative vitamin D deficiency [serum 25-(OH)2D3
      was related inversely to the serum 25-(OH)D3 and serum calcium, and directly to
      serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. No formation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was
      detectable to form labelled 24,25(OH)2D3 preferentially. 4. No control subject
      produced significant amounts of both labelled 1,25-(OH)2D3 and labelled 24,25
      (OH)2D3 simultaneously. 5. All subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism produced
      significant amounts of labelled 1,25-(OH)2D3 and labelled 24,25-(OH)2D3
      simultaneously; the renal turnover of 25-(OH)D3 was apparently greater than in
      nutritionally matched controls. Serum labelled 1,25-(OH)2D3 in this disease was
      not correlated with serum 25-(OH)D3, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, calcium
      or Pi. Production of labelled 24,25-(OH)2D3 was inappropriately high for the
      prevailing nutritional state. 6. The indirectly estimated their concentration of
      1,25-(OH)2D3 showed only a fourfold variation in control subjects (45-180
      pmol/l), compatible with its having a regulated hormonal function. 7. The data
      suggest that the production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 from a pulse dose of cholecalciferol
      is normally regulated, directly or indirectly, by the parathyroid hormone.

PMID- 165032
TI  - Letter: The control of aldosterone in anephric man.

PMID- 165033
TI  - Lung cancer.

PMID- 165034
TI  - The importance of pathology for prognosis and management in lung cancer.

PMID- 165035
TI  - Chemotherapy of lung cancer.

PMID- 165036
TI  - Mechanism of viral persistence in equine infectious anemia.

PMID- 165037
TI  - Persistent papillomatosis associated with immunodeficiency.
AB  - A case report of a young bull with persistent papillomatosis associated with
      immunodeficiency is presented. Humoral immune responses were normal but cell
      mediated immunity was deficient. The possible significance of the findings to
      pathogenesis and therapy of the disease is discussed.

PMID- 165038
TI  - Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease: review and etiologic leads.

PMID- 165039
TI  - Selective thermal effects on freeze-dried biological materials.

PMID- 165040
TI  - Clinically distinguishable syndromes caused by viruses.

PMID- 165041
TI  - [Effect of vitamin D 3 on the development of tooth buds in white rat. II.
      Histochemical studies].

PMID- 165042
TI  - [Neoplasms of large and small salivary glands].

PMID- 165043
TI  - [Pigmentary changes in oral mucosa].

PMID- 165044
TI  - Transbronchial forceps lung biopsy through the fiberoptic bronchoscope.
      tdiagnosis of diffuse pulmonary disease.
AB  - Transbronchial forceps biopsy through the fiberoptic bronchoscope was performed
      in 37 patients. Tissue was technically inadequate for examination in two cases. A
      pathologic diagnosis was obtained in 26 (72 percent) and in five additional
      critically ill patients, direct histologic examination of lung tissue allowed
      exclusion of certain entities, thus significantly influencing therapy. Overall,
      the procedure was of value in 31 of 35 patients (90 percent). There was no
      significant hemorrhage and there was one 15 percent pneumothorax. The safety and
      high diagnostic yield of this technique in the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease
      is proved.

PMID- 165046
TI  - Letter: Fatal pneumonia cause: avirulent wild-type ADV-7 or vaccine strain ADV-7.

PMID- 165045
TI  - Cyclophosphamide, vincristine and sequential split-course radiotherapy in the
      treatment of small cell lung cancer.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with large dose
      intravenous cyclophosphamide combined with vincristine. Sequential split-course
      radiotherapy was added when the gross disease was limited to one hemithorax and
      draining scalene nodes. Fifteen of 16 patients in the limited disease category
      showed objective response, eight of which were complete. Fourteen of 23 patients
      in the extensive disease category yielded an objective response, six of which
      were complete. The median survival for complete responders was 48 weeks, 38 weeks
      for partial responders and 14 weeks for non-responders. The difference between
      responders and non-responders was statistically significant. The major toxicity
      was myelosuppression with a median leukocyte nadir of 500/mm-3 noted on treatment
      day no. 15. Prompt recovery was the rule. Toxicity appeared to be cumulative for
      patients receiving radiotherapy. These results are superior to those evolving
      from treatment with cyclophosphamide as a solitary agent.

PMID- 165048
TI  - Adenocarcinoma arising in a diverticular abscess of the colon: report of a case.
AB  - A case of a patient with adenocarcinoma in an abscess cavity that resulted from
      perforated diverticulitis of the descending colon is described. Serial barium
      enema studies over a nine-year period show the diverticulosis, perforation,
      abscess cavity, and finally the adenocarcinoma in the abscess cavity. Although it
      is infrequent, the possibility of carcinoma must be considered in cases of
      patients who have unhealed pericolonic abscess cavities.

PMID- 165047
TI  - Colorectal cancer in children: epidemiologic aspects.
AB  - Despite many similarities to colorectal cancer in adults, the rare childhood form
      has some peculiarities. Childhood mortality is greater among Negroes than
      Caucasians, particularly in boys, reflecting the rising incidence of this tumor
      in the young Negro population. In addition, the percentage of childhood cases
      with precancerous diseases (polyposis, colitis) appears greater than in adults.
      Most striking is the high percentage of mucin-producing tumors in young people
      with colorectal cancer. The mucoid tumors tend to occur after the age of 10
      years, whereas younger children are more likely to develop non-mucoid carcinoma
      in an adenomatous polyp.

PMID- 165049
TI  - Metastasis from a pedunculated adenomatous colonic polyp with focally invasive
      carcinoma: report of a case.
AB  - A patient who had metastasis from a focus of invasive carcinoma confined to the
      head of an otherwise benign pedunculated adenomatous polyp of the sigmoid colon
      is described. That only 20 such cases have been reported previously attests to
      the rarity of this phenomenon. Because the morbidity and mortality of radical
      surgery far outweigh the liklihood of metastasis from such foci of invasive
      carcinoma in pedunculated adenomatous colonic polyps, local removal is
      recommended.

PMID- 165050
TI  - Primary linitis plastica of the colon: Report of a case and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 165051
TI  - Extramammary Paget's disease and anaplastic basaloid small-cell carcinoma of the
      anus: Report of a case.

PMID- 165052
TI  - Current concepts of corticosteroids--uses and abuses.

PMID- 165053
TI  - [Intermittent claudication of cauda equina].

PMID- 165054
TI  - [Paroxysmal ACTH secretion from an adrenal medullary tumour (author's transl)].
AB  - A secondary Cushing's syndrome developed in a 38-year-old woman from an ACTH
      secreting phaeochromocytoma. Large amounts of ACTH were demonstrated in the
      tumour by radioimmunological tests. A remarkable feature was that clinical and
      biochemical signs of increased catecholamine secretion completely regressed with
      time and the adrenals were stimulated at intervals by the ectopic ACTH secretion,
      steroid excretion falling to normal in between.

PMID- 165055
TI  - Investigations upon adenohypophysial cell proliferation in vitro: influence of
      oestradiol, thyrotropin releasing hormone, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline.
AB  - Mitotic indices were counted in adenohypophysial fragments cultured in vitromthe
      cultures exposed to 17-beta oestradiol, synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone
      (TRH) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP showed a higher number of mitoses as compared with
      respective controls. However, theophylline decreased the mitotic index in
      cultured adenohypophysis.

PMID- 165056
TI  - Lipolysis and cyclic-3', 5'-AMP content in rat adipose tissue at different age.
AB  - The content of cAMP, the release of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA)
      of adipose tissue with and without the stimulation by ACTH and norepinephrine
      were determined in young and old rats. After the lipid mobilizing hormones
      lowered concentration of cAMP and impaired stimulation of lipolytic activity were
      found in old rats. Furthermore, less stimulation of glycerol and NEFA release by
      cAMP was observed in these animals. These results suggested that in old animals a
      lower lipolytic activity per tissue and lipid mass is available in intact and
      hormone stimulated fat tissue and therefore the accumulation of lipids in fat
      depots is facilitated.

PMID- 165057
TI  - Triiodothyronine binding in rat anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, median
      eminence and brain.
AB  - In vivo studies of the exchange of tracer [125-I]-L-triiodothyronine (T3) between
      plasma (P), and the anterior pituitary (AP), posterior pituitary (PP), median
      eminence (ME) and the frontal lobes of the brain (B), in the rat show that from
      2.5 h onwards the concentration of new [125I]T3 in AP, PP and B were parellel to
      that of the plasma, with a t1/2  of 7.4 h; the t1/2 for ME was 10.3 h. The
      extrapolation of these curves to zero time was assumed to indicate the relative
      concentration of T3 per unit weight in terms of total body T3. T3 content of
      these tissues was determined by radioimmunoassay. The values obtained validated
      the steady state parameters derived from the radio-isotopic measurements. As an
      indicator of the concentration gradient between tissue and plasma the
      organ/plasma (O/P) ratio was calculated; these data indicate that under steady
      state conditions, the order of T3 concentration is AP greater than PP greater
      than ME greater than B. Binding studies have shown that AP and PP contain
      "specific," saturable binders while ME and B do not. Evaluation of the binding
      parameters of the high affinity binders in both AP and PP gave similar
      association constants. These associations constants, when corrected for the
      binding strength of T3 to plasma proteins, resulted in values similar to those of
      neuclear T3 binders.

PMID- 165058
TI  - Effect of insulin and lipolytic hormones on cyclic AMP phosphodieterase activity
      in normal and diabetic rat adipose tissue.
AB  - Insulin has been shown to lower cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in hormonally sensitive
      tissue. The mechanism by which this lowering occurs has not yet been fully
      defined. We studied the effects of insulin on rat adipose tissue cyclic
      nucleotide phosphodiestrase (PDE) in an incubation system. The adipose tissue
      used was from both normal animals and animals rendered diabetic by intravenous
      injections of streptozotocin. Rat epididymal fat pads were incubated in a Krebs
      Ringer bicarbonate-4% albumin system with O, 100, 1,000 or 10,000 PU/ml insulin
      (INS); epinephrine (EPI) or glucagon (GLU) at several different concentrations.
      After 15 min of incubation, each tissue was homogenized, centrifugated, and the
      supernatant assayed for cAMP PDE activity using the breakdown of (3-H)cAMP. The
      data was used to characterize cAMP PDE into apparent high and low K-m PDE
      components. In the normal animals, INS increased Vmax of the low Km PDE
      components; 100 pU/ml INS, 30%, 1000 p1/ML INS, 40; and 10,000 pU/ml INS, 20%. In
      contrast, streptoxotocin diabetes lowered this Vmax by 30%. In the diabetic
      animals, INS also increased Vmax by 30%. In the diabetic animals, INS also
      increased Vmax of the low Km PDE component; 100 pU/ml INS, 30%; 1000 pU/ml INS,
      50% and 10,000 pU/ml INS, 100%. Epinephrine at 1, 10, and 100 pg/ml stimulated
      low Km cAMP PDE activity by 67%, 73% and 44% respectively. The stimulatory effect
      of EPI on both the low and high Km cAMP PDE activity was neutralized by
      propranolol or adenosine. In comparison to EPI, GLU at very low concentrations,
      10-9M, stimulated low Km cAMP PDE. These studies suggest that some of the
      biologic actions of insulin, an antilipolytic substance, are mediated through
      activation of low Km PDE. Furthermore, this enzymatic activity is lower in
      experimental diabetes. The stimulation of low Km PDE by lipolytic hormones may
      reflect a long-range protective action of these agents.

PMID- 165059
TI  - Regulation of thyroid ornithine ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by thyrotropin. I.
      The rat.
AB  - We studied the effects of TSH on rat thyroid ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)
      activity. After 1 day of goitrogen treatment, there was an abrupt fall in serum
      triiodothyronine (T3) a rise in circulating TSH, and a dramatic increase in
      thyroid ODC activity. Despite the continued rise in TSH and progressive increase
      in thyroid gland size with further treatment, thyroid ODC activity declined on
      the third day and remained at submaximal levels. Thyroid ODC activity was also
      stimulated in a dose-related manner by administration of exogenous TSH. Little
      TSH effect was noted before 3 h. Maximal ODC activity occurred between 4 and 5 h.
      The TSH stimulation of ODC could be inhibited by pretreatment with actinomycin D
      or cycloheximide, suggesting that the increase in ODC activity requires new RNA
      and protein synthesis. Although pretreatment with agents that alter microtubule
      structure (e.g., colchicine and vinblastine) prevent stimulation of ODC activity
      by TSH, additional data suggest, but do not confirm, that hrmone secretion and
      ODC activation may be dissociable. Further studies were undertaken to determine
      whether cyclic AMP (cAMP) or prostaglandins played any role in the regulation of
      thyroidal ODC activity. Dibutyryl cAMP, alone, or together with aminophylline,
      did not stimulate thyroidal ODC activity in dosages which concomitantly
      stimulated adrenal enzyme activity. Likewise, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) did not
      stimulate thyroidal ODC activity, but did stimulate adrenal enzyme activity in a
      dose-related manner. However, pre-treatment of rats with inhibitors of
      prostaglandin synthesis prevented the activation of thyroidal ODC BY TSH. One
      inhibitor, indomethacin, attenuated the TSH stimulation of enzyme activity in a
      dose-related manner. Indomethacin pretreatment also resulted in approximately a
      10-fold decrease in thyroidal prostaglandin levels. Exogenous PGE9, in dosages as
      high as 500 pg, did not overcome the inhibitory effect of indomethacin on ODC
      activation. Although the precise role for endogenous prostaglandins remains to be
      defined, it does appear that a reduction in thyroidal prostaglandins prevents
      activation of the enzyme by TSH.

PMID- 165060
TI  - Bioactive and immunoactive ACTH in the rat pituitary: influence of stress and
      adrenalectomy.
AB  - Tissue levels of bioactive and immunoactive ACTH were measured in both the
      anterior and neuro-intermediate lobes of the rat pituitary. Similar
      concentrations of bioactive (65 ng/mg) and immunoactive (83 ng/mg) ACTH were
      found in the anterior lobes control rats. A 2-min ether stress had no effect on
      either bioactive or immunoactive ACTH levels in the anterior lobe. Twenty-four h
      after adrenalectomy the anterior lobe content of both bioactive and immunoactive
      ACTH decreased only to return to supranormal levels 21 days after the operation.
      A 30-min neurogenic stress had no effect on anterior lobe bioactive ACTH content
      but reduced the immunoactive ACTH level to 50 ng/mg. Synthetic alphah-17-39 ACTH
      was used in our radio-immunoassay in order to measure the C-terminal ACTH
      activity of the neuro-intermediate lobe. The concentration of such C-terminal
      activity in control rats (890 ng alphah-17-39 ACTH/mg) considerably exceeded the
      amount of bioactive ACTH (15 ng/mg). This is presumably due primarily to the
      presence of the so-called corticotropin-like intermediate lobe-peptide (CLIP).
      The amounts of bioactive or C-terminal immunoactive ACTH in the neuro
      intermediate lobe were not affected by ether stress nor short term (24-h) or long
      term (21-day) adrenalectomy. Neuro-intermediate lobe bioactive ACTH decreased (to
      8 ng/mg) only with the introduction of a 30-min neurogenic stress. Neurogenic
      stress had no effect on the concentration of CLIP, but when the stress was
      imposed 24 h after adrenalectomy, a significant reduction was observed. The data
      support the presence of bioactive ACTH in the intermediate lobe of the rat
      pituitary and suggest that  such ACTH is preferentially released by neurogenic
      stress and not appreciably regulated by circulating levels of glucocorticoids.
      Until the biological function and/or target organ of CLIP is identified, the
      significance of the changes in tissue levels of C-terminal immunoactive ACTH will
      remain unknown.

PMID- 165061
TI  - The effect of stress on the cytology and immunocytochemistry of pars intermedia
      cells in the rat pituitary.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if there were ultrastructural and
      immunocytochemical changes in intermediate lobe cells following stress. We found
      marked cytological changes in intermediate lobe cells after 30 min of stress with
      a buzzer and stroboscopic light (neurogenic). Following such treatment, the
      cytoplasm was filled with pale graules or empty vesicles. There was cytological
      evidence of increased secretory and synthetic activity. Innunocytochemical
      staining (for 17-39-ATCH) revelaed that there were fewer stained granules per
      cell in such  rats although the individual granules stained as strongly as those
      in control rats. No cytological changes were observed following ether stress.
      These results correlated well with our bioassay and radioimmunoassay data which
      showed that only neurogenic stress resulted in depletion of ACTH from neuro
      intermediate lobes (1). In agreement with the work of others, we found no obvious
      cytological changes in intermediate lobes from adrenalectomized or cortisol
      treated rats wheras anterior lobe ACTH cells hypertrophied following
      adrenalectomy and involuted following cortisol treatment. Anterior lobe ACTH
      cells from intact rats showed no degranulation following 30 min of buzzer stress
      or after 2 min of ether stress.

PMID- 165062
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of radioactivity from [3-H]oxytocin in the rat
      mammary gland and oviduct.
AB  - [3-H]Oxytocin was incubated in vitro with pieces of oviduct and mammary gland and
      the tissue were subjected to autoradiography. Radioactivity was localized only in
      smooth muscle cells of the oviduct and in regions of mammary tissue where
      myoepithelial cells are found. In contrast, radioactivity was not concentrated in
      any region of skeletal muscle, a nontarget tissue for oxytocin. The localization
      of radioactivity in oviduct and mammary cells was absent when the tissues were
      incubated with [3-H]oxytocin and an excess of unlabeled oxytocin. These findings
      provide evidence for the presence of specific and high affinity receptors for
      oxytocin in its target tissues.

PMID- 165063
TI  - Effects of age and obesity on insulin binding to isolated adipocytes.
AB  - We have measured insulin binding to isolated adipocytes prepared from rats of
      varying ages and body weights. The ability of adipocytes to bind insulin
      progressively decreases as animals get older and fatter until about 70 days of
      age and 300 g body weight are reached. From this point on further decreases in
      insulin binding to adipocytes were not seen as rats got older and fatter.
      Analysis of the data indicated that this decrease in insulin binding could be
      accounted for by decreased numbers of insulin receptor sites per cell. Further
      studies were conducted in which animals were allowed to age, but obesity was
      prevented or reversed by hypocaloric diets. In these experiments decreased
      insulin binding was either prevented or restored to normal by the negative
      caloric state, indicating that age had no appreciable effect on the ability of
      adipocytes to bind insulin. The influence of the obesity associated variables
      hyperinsulinemia and increased fat cell size-on insulin binding was also
      examined. These latter studies are consistent with the concept that elevated in
      vivo plasma insulin levels lead to decreased insulin receptors, and further
      suggest a role for additonal factors in regulating the adipocyte insulin
      receptor. IN CONCLUSION: 1. Decreased insulin binding to adipocytes is closely
      related to the obese state. 2. This decrease in insulin binding can be accounted
      for by decreased numbers of receptor sites per cell, and 3. The mecahnism(s)
      underlying this decreased insulin binding are complex and probably represents an
      effect of more than one variable.

PMID- 165064
TI  - Specific binding sites for natural glucocorticoids in plasma membranes of rat
      liver.
AB  - The presence of sites specifically binding natural glucocortocoids in plasma
      membrane (PM) preparations (PM0, density=1.13-1.16; PM1, density=1.16-1.18) from
      rat liver was elucidated by equilibrium dialysis as well as by centrifugal
      methods. Equilibrium dialysis showed the presence of binding sites having a
      higher affinity for [3-H]cortisol (Kd=1.4 times 10- minus 9M at 4C) in PM0, and
      that of the binding sites having a lower affinity for [3H] cortisol (Kd=1.3 times
      10- minus 8M at 4C) in PM1, while centrifugal analysis showed the presence of
      higher affinity binding sites (Kd=1.5-1.9 times 10- minus 97 at 0 C) in both PM0
      and PM1, and also of intermediate affinity binding sites (Kd=4.1 times 10- minus
      9M at 0 C) in PM1. The discrepancy in the cortisol binding parameters obtained by
      the two different methods seems to be due mainly to the lability of some binding
      sites, especially the PM1. The glucocorticoid-binding sites in the plasma
      membranes of rat liver appear to have the highest affinity of corticosterone,
      followed by cortisol and cortisone. A synthetic glucocorticoid [3H]
      dexamethasone, did not show any specific binding to the liver plasma membranes.
      Neither dexamethasone nor nonglucocorticoids such as estradiol given
      simultaneously affected [3H] cortisol binding to the plasma membranes.

PMID- 165065
TI  - Studies on inhibition of TSH stimulation of adenyl cyclase activity in thyroid
      plasma membrane preparations by propranolol.
AB  - Propranolol (1 mM) was found to inhibit TSH stimulation of adenyl cyclase
      activity in a subcellular fraction from bovine thyroid enriched in plasma
      membranes. However, stimulation due to PGE1 or NaF was not similarly inhibited.
      Since (i) and inhibition was observed at concentrations of propranolol between 10
      minus 4 and 10- minus 3M, and appeared to be noncompetitive (ii) the optical
      isomers of propranolol were equipotent, (iii) inhibition was specific for
      propranolol since it was not observed with the closely related drug practolol (1
      mM), and (iv) quinidine (1 mM) and the local anaesthetics lignocaine and
      aptocaine also proved inhibitory, we concluded that propranolol inhibition of TSH
      stimulation was due to its "quinidine-like" properties (i.e., relatively specific
      and characteristic membrane-active properties) and not to its action as a beta
      adrenergic antagonist.

PMID- 165066
TI  - Hydrolysis of estrogen conjugates by the lungs of the dog in vivo.
AB  - Although hydrolysis of certain estrogen conjugates released into the systemic
      circulation is now known to occur in the human and in the dog, the site or sites
      of such hydrolysis remained unidentified. In an attempt to identify such sites,
      radioactive estrone was infused intravenously into a series of male dogs and
      serial paired samples of blood were obtained from the right ventricle (RV) and a
      peripheral artery (A). The samples were analysed for total radioactivity,
      unconjugated radioactive estrogens, radioactive estrone, estradiol-17beta,
      estrone sulfate, estrone glucosiduronate and estradiol-17beta glucosiduronate(s).
      The mean percent extraction across the lungs (see article) was calculated for
      each radioactive moiety analyzed. There was no significant percent extration of
      total radioactivity or of estrone sulfate. The mean percent extractions for
      unconjugated estrogens and for estrone and estradiol-17beta were -24.7, -21 and 
      34.3 respectively (P less than 0.01), indicating net production by the lungs. The
      mean percent extractions for estrone glucosiduronate and estradiol-17beta
      glucosiduronate(s) were +19.8 and +10.0 respectively (P less then 0.01),
      indicating net uptake of these conjugates by the lungs. Statistical analysis
      showed that the two processes were related. Our findings support the hypothesis
      that the lungs are one site, possibly the main site, at which hydrolysis of
      estrogen glucosiduronates occurs in the dog.

PMID- 165067
TI  - Anterior pituitary hormone release in vitro inversely related to extracellular
      osmolarity.
AB  - Release of hormones from bovine anterior pituitary tissue in vitro was inveresly
      related to the osmolarity of the incubation medium. Addition of each of several
      ionic or non-ionic solutes to Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate (KRB) or to beef serum
      inhibited hormone release. If the value of 286 mOsm/liter of KRB is considered as
      100%, the osmolarity of the medium was altered from -15% to +10% of control. Over
      this range, an increase in osmolarity of 10% resulted in the following percentage
      inhibition: ACTH, 47; PRL, 43; TSH, 36; LH, 23; GH, 18; maximal percentage
      inhibition over this range was as follows: ACTH, 80; PRL, 60; TSH, 60; LH, 45;
      GH, 40. The inverse relationship between extracellular oxmolarity and secretion
      of ACTH and PRL would appear to be appropriate in view of the salt and water
      retaining actions of these hormones. The sensitivity of the response to osmotic
      changes suggests a possible role of body osmolarity in the regulation of
      adenohypophysial secretion.

PMID- 165068
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on the secretion of thyrotropin in the rat: dose and time
      relations.
AB  - Serum TSH and corticosterone concentrations were measured in intact rats and in
      rats given TRH or exposed to short-term cold 3 h and 12 h after pretreatment with
      dexamethasone in various doses. Dexamethasone given 3 h before experiemtns
      significantly depressed both TRH- and cold-induced TSH responses at all dose
      levels. Dose of 25 pg/100 g body weight significantly depressed serum TSH
      concentration when given 3 h before the experiment. However, when given 12 h
      before the experiment the drug augmented TRH-induced TSH secretion, although the
      cold response was unaltered. In intact rats dexamethasone significantly depressed
      serum TSH concentration in doses of 250 and 500 mug/100 g body weight. In all
      experiments the steroid blocked ACTH secretion. These results support the view
      that the effect of dexamethasone on thyroid function is highly dependent on the
      time relations. A single large dose of dexamethasone has first an inhibitory
      effect at the pituitary level and then facilitates pituitary to TRH and at the
      same time inhibits secretion of TRH in response to cold.

PMID- 165069
TI  - Evidence for persistent binding of biologically active thyrotropin to thyroid in
      vitro.
AB  - Differences exist in the rates at which hormones are inactivated by, or
      dissociate from, their target tissues. The present studies examined the binding
      of biologically active TSH to thyroid slices and compared its characteristics to
      those of PGE. Canine thyroid slices were initally incubated with 5 mU/ML OF
      BOVINE TSH (TSH-Inital) for 15 min, washed and incubated in media free of hormone
      for 3 hr. At the conclusion of this second incubation period all slices were
      again washed. Some were then transferred to media containing 10-2M theophylline
      for a final 10 min incubation and subsequent measurement of cAMP and protein
      kinase, while others were transferred to media containing (l-14C)glucose without
      theophylline for a final 45 min incubation to assess glucose oxidation.
      Identically treated slices never exposed to TSH served as controls, while others
      were exposed to TSH only during the final 10 or 45 min incubation periods (TSH
      Final). cAMP content determined after significantly increased in TSH-Initial
      (mean 2.98 plus or minus 0.36 (se) pmol/mg wet wt) compared to control (0.35 plus
      or minus 0.04), but was less than that in TSH-Final (5.76 plus or minus 0.51).
      This phenomenon was not unique to canine thyroid, since comparable results were
      noted in studies of human, bovine or porcine thyroid slices. The protein kinase
      activity ratio (-cAMP/+cAMP) and glucose oxidation of TSH-Initial were also
      significantly increased above control following the final 10 min or 45 min
      incubations respectively. Addition of trypsin to the 3 h incubation abolished the
      subsequent increase in cAMP in TSH-Initial, while addition of TSH antiserum
      appreciably reduced this increase. These results are consistent with the
      persistent binding of biologically active TSH to thyroid. By contrast, evidence
      of similar persistent binding of PGE1 to thyroid, glucagon to liver, or
      parathyroid hormone to renal cortex was lacking when assessed by an identical
      experimental procedure. Differences between the duration of interaction of TSH
      and PGE1 with thyroid may be dependent or a more gradual dissociation to tissue
      bound TSH, a more rapid inactivation of bound-PGE1, or both.

PMID- 165070
TI  - Effect of temperature during preparation of rat adrenal quarters and isolated
      cell suspension of their ACTH responsiveness.
AB  - The effect of temperature during preparation of rat adrenal quarters or isolated
      adrenal cell suspension on their response to ACTH was examined through a
      comparison of amounts of corticosterone produced after their incubation. The
      response to ACTH added in vitro was considerably higher when adrenal quarters and
      isolated adrenal cell suspension were prepared at room temperature (25 degree C)
      than when prepared at ice-cold. Endogenous steroidogenesis was not affected by
      the temperature. It seemed unlikely that this higher response to ACTH of adrenal
      quarters or isolated adrenal cell suspension prepared at room temperature was due
      to an activation of the cells. A possibility was discussed that cooling adrenal
      quarters or isolated adrenal cell suspension during the preparation may create an
      unphysiological state in some place to related the cell membrane.

PMID- 165071
TI  - Inhibitory effect of ouabain on epinephrine-induced stimulation of adrenal
      corticosterone secretion in rats.
AB  - Chronic administration of ouabain (3 mg/Kg body weight, subcutaneously, once
      daily for consecutive 15 days) definitely inhibited epinephrine-induced increase
      of adrenal corticosterone secretion. The inhibition rate increased along with
      frequency of ouabain administration. Increase in adrenal corticosterone synthesis
      and secretion by ACTH (20-50 mU/rat) administration was partially suppressed by
      pretreatment with chronic ouabain administration. A slight but significant
      increase of adrenal corticosterone secretion caused by epinephrine administration
      in hypophysectomized rats was also inhibited by pretreatment with ouabain
      administration. Chronic administration of neither phentolamine (1 mg/rat,
      intraperitoneally, once daily for consecutive 15 days) nor propranolol (3 mg/Kg
      body weight, subcutaneously, once daily for consecutive 15 days) caused
      significant changes in adrenal corticosterone secretion in response to ACTH as
      well as to epinephrine. Chronic administration of ouabain in rats causes not only
      elevated secretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary but also functional change in
      adrenals leading to suppression of corticosterone secretion in response to ACTH
      or epinephrine administration.

PMID- 165072
TI  - Effect of triiodothyronine or iodide on the thyroidal secretion in vitro:
      Inhibition of TSH- and dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP induced endocytosis.
AB  - T3 or iodide, at the concentration of 10- minus 3M, inhibits TSH- or dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP-induced thyroidal intracellular colloid droplet formation, while
      leaving the TSH-induced increase in cyclic AMP levels intact. The effect of T3
      appeared not to be mediated through the iodide derived from deiodination of T3.
      Those results clearly demonstrate that T3 or iodide acts at the point beyond
      cyclic AMP generation and prior tothe formation of intracellular colloid
      droplets. This is also the site at which microtubule active reagents exert their
      influence. Whether T3 or iodide fits this category or acts in as yet undetermined
      manner remains to be established.

PMID- 165073
TI  - Changes in enzyme activity in human trichinosis.
AB  - Changes in enzyme activity in human trichinosis have been studied. The activities
      of 19 enzymes and some isoenzymes were investigated in 12 patients from the 3rd
      to the 20th week. The activities of muscle-specific enzymes (CK, ALD and MK) were
      greatly increased with peaks during the 4th week; activities returned to normal
      ranges during the 7th and 8th weeks. Liver-specific enzymes (GTP, OCT, guanase,
      GLDH, SDH and MDH) and AP, ChE, cerulosplasmin remained within normal limits in
      all patients with the exception of a child who died. An explanation of the origin
      of hyperenzymemia is proposed on the basis of these investigations. The data
      obtained support the proposition that hyperenzymemia is of muscular origin and
      that the liver is seldom affected in case of trichinosis.

PMID- 165074
TI  - Properties of enzymes. V. Catalase inhibition of glucose oxidase reaction.
AB  - The radical produced aerobically in the glucose oxidase reaction reduces the
      oxidated cytochrome c. The extent of reduction depends on the concentrations of
      substrate (glucose) and enzyme. Superoxide dismutase purified from various
      sources does not inhibit the cytochrome c reduction, but catalase does, in
      proportion to its concentration. This inhibition, which might be utilized for
      quantitative catalase determinations, provides further evidence for the formation
      of H2O2 in the glucose oxidase reaction.

PMID- 165075
TI  - Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in three Morris hepatomas.
AB  - Rat liver cAMP phosphodiesterase has been fractionated into four peaks of
      activity with isoelectrofocusing column chromatography. The major two liver peaks
      (high Km enzymes) decreased with increasing growth rate while the minor two liver
      peaks (low Km enzymes) increased in one fast growing Morris hepatoma. There was
      also less total phosphodiesterase activity in the fast growing hepatoma.

PMID- 165076
TI  - Differential effects of metal-binding agents on the D-glucose-6-phosphate
      phosphohydrolase activity of the rat liver.
AB  - The metal-binding agents (citrate, oxalate, bicarbonate, EDTA) exert dual effects
      on D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase activity in the homogenate as well as
      in the subcellular fractions. The important differences of the effects are
      associated with the concentration of the chelator and with time of its addition.
      The small (appropriate) concentrations of the metal-binding agents stimulate and
      stabilize the enzyme activity. However, chelators used in higher concentrations
      exert the inhibitory influence on the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase.
      Stimulation of the reaction was observed only if the chelator was added before
      the enzyme-substrate complex formation has been started. The formation of the
      ternary complex: the enzyme(metal)-chelator substrate exerting a protective
      influence on the active centre has been suggested. The hypothesis of a similar
      action of the metal-binding agents and Pi on the glucose-6-phosphatase as a
      metaloproteid has been proposed.

PMID- 165077
TI  - Carbohydrate content and regulation following injection of different
      glycogenolytic enzymes.
AB  - The effect of injection of glycogenolytic enzymes on tissue glycogen, blood
      glucose and plasma insulin was studied in mice. No effects were observed
      following phosphorylase, whereas the hydrolytic enzymes, alpha-amylase and acid
      amyloglucosidase depressed liver glycogen. In addition acid amyloglucosidase
      induced a decrease in blood glucose, a slight elevation of plasma insulin and a
      marked increase in tolbutamide-stimulated insulin release. At the doses given
      none of the enzymes affected muscle glycogen. Amyloglucosidase pretreatment
      markedly enhanced insulin release induced by glibenclamide, leucine, isoleucine,
      lysine and glucose whereas insulin release stimulated by IPNA, ACTH, glucagon and
      "CCK-PZ" was unaffected. Injection of acid amyloglucosidase has a profound
      influence on carbohydrate content and regulation in mice. It is suggested that
      the dependence or independence of amyloglucosidase activity among the insulin
      secretagogues tested might reflect different or partially different mechanisms in
      the process of insulin secretion.

PMID- 165078
TI  - Conformational studies of equilibrium structures in fragments of horse heart
      cytochrome c.
AB  - Ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism studies have been carried out on
      horse heart apo-cytochrome c and heme-free peptide fragments obtained by cyanogen
      bromide cleavage of the native protein. It was noted that the various peptides
      assume predominantly an unordered conformation in water solution. Increasing
      ionic strength and addition of 2-chloroethanol increase the right-handed helical
      content. Guanidinium hydrochloride favors the coil state. It was also
      demonstrated that two non-interacting helical regions of different stability are
      present in the apo-protein in 2-chloroethanol.

PMID- 165079
TI  - Action of rheumatoid synovial collagenase on cartilage collagen. Different
      susceptibilities of cartilage and tendon collagen to collagenase attack.
AB  - The action of purified rheumatoid synovial collagenase on purified cartilage
      collagen, alpha-1(II)-3, in solution at 25 degrees C has been characterised. The
      enzyme attacked cartilage collagen in solution producing a 58% reduction in
      specific viscosity and resulting in the appearance of two reaction products which
      represented approximately three-quarter and one-quarter fragments of the intact
      molecule as shown by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing
      sodium dodecyl sulphate. The alpha-chain fragments which comprised each of these
      components corresponded to molecular weights of approximately 74000 and 21000.
      Electron microscopy of segment-long-spacing crystallites of the reaction products
      revealed three-quarter (TC-a) and one-quarter (TC-b) length fragments, and
      permitted accurate localization of the cleavage locus between bands 41 and 42 (I
      41). This cleavage site and the formation of TC-a and TC-b reaction products are
      very similar to those found for type-I collagen substrates. Cartilage collagen in
      solution was found to be more resistant to collagenase attack than tendon
      collagen, the rate of cartilage collagen degradation being six times slower than
      that for tendon collagen, as judged by viscometry. The mid-point melting
      temperatures (T-m) for lathyritic cartilage and tendon collagen were 40.5 and
      41.5 degrees C, and for the collagenase-produced reaction products 38.5 and 37.5
      degrees C, respectively. The significance of these findings is discussed in
      relation to the structure of type I and II collagens.

PMID- 165080
TI  - Drainage of thoracic duct lymph in twelve patients with myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The effect of thoracic duct lymph drainage (5-34 days) in 12 patients with
      myasthenia gravis on muscular function has been followed for 5-43 months. Among
      the results obtained were: (1) During the drainage the myasthenic symptoms
      decreased markedly after 1-4 days and remained so during the drainage. (2) The
      doses of cholinesterase inhibitors had to be markedly reduced during the lymph
      drainage in eight patients. (3) Discontinuation of the lymph drainage increased
      the myasthenic symptoms within a few days. However, after a median observation
      time of 14 months with conventional treatment all but one of the patients had
      improved. (4) Retransfusion of the patients own cell-free lymph caused a
      worsening of the myasthenic symptoms. This effect could also be obtained
      following infusion of IgG preparations from the patients lymph. Three
      retransfusions of cell suspensions obtained from the thoracic duct lymph from two
      patients had no effects on their myasthenic symptoms. (5) It is suggested that
      thoracic duct lymph drainage can be combined with other forms of treatment in
      severe cases of myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 165081
TI  - The absence of stimulation of lipolysis by papaverine, a strong inhibitor of
      phosphodiesterase.
AB  - Quantitative studies of the action of theophylline and papaverine were performed
      in rat epididymal fat pads, both on the lipolytic effect and on the activity of
      phosphodiesterase, adenylate cyclase and protein kinase. Papaverine, a stronger
      inhibitor of phosphodiesterase than theophylline, did not produce lipolysis. The
      maximum lipolytic effect (glycerol release) of theophylline was much higher than
      that of epinephrine and nearly approached the effect exerted by dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP. While theophylline potentiated or was without any effect on lipolysis
      produced by epinephrine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, papaverine at concentration 10-
      minus 3 M reduced the effect of both drugs as well as of theophylline by 90 per
      cent. These concentrations of papaverine also strongly inhibited the activity of
      adenylate cyclase. Neither papaverine nor theophylline prevented the activation
      of protein kinase by cyclic AMP. The data suggest that the lack of a lipolytic
      effect of papaverine migth be caused by a combination of its inhibitory effect on
      adenylate cyclase and direct inhibition of activation of triglyceride lipase.

PMID- 165082
TI  - Restoration of potassium-stimulated respiration of glycerol-treated muscle.
AB  - Agent that produced contracture in skeletal muscle, such as caffeine or K
      depolarization, also caused an increased rate of oxygen consumption. Both of
      these functions are calcium dependent. In this study the respiratory response to
      K-depolarization and to caffeine was monitored in glycerol-treated and normal
      frog sartorius muscles. Although glycerol-treated muscle does not contract in
      response to K-depolarization, it does develop normal caffeine contractures. The
      respiratory response to both potassium and caffeine is greatly inhibited in
      glycerol-treated muscles. Pretreatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP restored the
      respiratory response to normal levels in glycerol-treated muscle. Pretreatment
      with low levels of caffeine that had no effect on oxygen uptake markedly enhanced
      oxygen uptake with higher concentrations of caffeine and resulted in a normal
      respiratory response to K-depolarization even though there was no tension
      development. Caffeine had no effect on adenyl cyclase activity even at
      concentrations that markedly stimulated oxygen uptake. The data suggest that
      potassium stimulation of oxygen uptake in glycerol treated muscle is uncoupled by
      a defect in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide cofactor, rather than a defect
      in calcium influx.

PMID- 165083
TI  - The effects of drugs on monocytic fusion in vivo.

PMID- 165085
TI  - Quantitative measurement of SB 40 T-antigen production.

PMID- 165084
TI  - The uptake of actinomycin D by normal and virus transformed BHK 21 hamster cells.

PMID- 165086
TI  - Site of action of 1-methyladenine in inducing oocyte maturation in starfish.
      Kinetic evidence for receptors localized on the cell membrane.

PMID- 165087
TI  - Isolation of hepatocyte-derived rat liver lysosomal fractions.

PMID- 165088
TI  - Effects of cyclohexamide on a cytoplasmic factor initiating meiotic naturation in
      Xenopus oocytes.

PMID- 165089
TI  - The mechanism of the movement of leucocytes.

PMID- 165090
TI  - Relationship between cyclic AMP microtubule organization, and mammalian cell
      shape. Studies on Chinese hamster ovary cells and their variants.

PMID- 165091
TI  - Isolation of skeletal muscle nuclei.

PMID- 165092
TI  - Multiple modes of dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced process formation by clonal nerve
      and glial cells.

PMID- 165093
TI  - Gangliosides and phospholipids from frog and duck retina.

PMID- 165094
TI  - Physiological significance of glucose transport in Entamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 165095
TI  - Ultrastructure of Herpesvirus simiae (Herpes B ivurs).

PMID- 165096
TI  - Ultrastructure of a human malignant IgA-producing plasmacytoma.

PMID- 165097
TI  - Fluorocarbon emulsions and cerebral microcirculation.
AB  - Mice were exchange transfused with a fluorocarbon emulsion (FC-80). Their
      hemotocrits were reduced to levels of 10-15. They were examined within 1 hour of
      completion of normal or slightly accelerated in the majority of the mice.
      Acceleration may have been due to reduced "blood" viscosity. All mice with normal
      or reduced transit times displayed reversible increases in brain NADH levels when
      they were exposed to room air or 100% N-2 for brief periods, rather than to the
      atmosphere of 100%O-2 used to support life in these mice. A small group of mice
      with prolonged fluorescein transit tended to display NADH levels that failed to
      rise when O-2 was reduced in the inspired air. In this small subgroup,
      microcirculatory failure had apparently produced anoxia and maximal NADH levels
      even before the supply of inhaled O-2 was reduced. Many FC-80 mice displayed
      reversible decreases in brain pO-2 levels when inspired O-2 was reduced.
      Pentylenetetrazol activated the EEG of FC-80 mice. The EEG activity was
      reversibly reduced when the animals were briefly exposed to room air or N-2.
      These data suggest that fluorocarbon emulsions can support brain
      microcirculation, oxygenation, and electrical activity in vivo, a result which is
      consonant with the observations of others who have performed in vitro
      experiments, or observed long-term survival.

PMID- 165098
TI  - Vacuolar reaction in the spinal cord following intracardiac fluorocarbon
      glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde perfusion: preliminary report.

PMID- 165099
TI  - [Evoked activity of cat association cortex neurons in different sleep stages].
AB  - Evoked activity of neurons in the parietal associative cortex in response to
      adequate and electric stimulations of the thalamic radiation fibers was studied
      during different phases of sleep. The number of responding neurons decreased
      during slow--wave and, particularly, during paradoxical sleep. With transition
      from phase to phase, responsiveness changed mainly in polysensory neurons which
      gave variable responses with long latencies. Mechanisms of change of
      responsiveness during the two phases appear to be different. Reliable increase of
      the inhibitory pause in responses during slow-wave sleep and its decrease during
      paradoxical sleep may indicate a strengthening of mechanisms of reciprocal
      inhibition during the first phase, and their weakening during the second phase.

PMID- 165100
TI  - [Participation of adrenergic mechanisms in activating influences of the midbrain
      on the hypophysis--adrenal cortex system].

PMID- 165101
TI  - [An electrophoretic study of the fractional composition of salt soluble proteins
      in different regions of the rat brain during sleep and in the presence of
      disorders].

PMID- 165102
TI  - Effects of adrenocorticotrophin-(4-10)-heptapeptide on changes in brain monamine
      metabolism associated with retrograde amnesia in the rat.

PMID- 165103
TI  - The effect of age on mitochondrial ultrastructure and enzyme cytochemistry.

PMID- 165104
TI  - Changes in surface carbohydrate of human erythrocytes aged in vivo.

PMID- 165106
TI  - The isolation of collagen-associated molecules from bovine nasal cartilage.

PMID- 165105
TI  - The association of collagen galactosyl- and glucosyl-transferases with
      subcellular fractions of embryonic chick tendon cells.

PMID- 165107
TI  - Valinomycin sensitivity of cytochrome c oxidase vesicles.

PMID- 165108
TI  - Further studies on the effects of inhibitors on the metabolism and toxicity of
      dimethylnitrosamine.

PMID- 165109
TI  - Inactivation of nicotinamide--adenine dinucleotide-linked dehydrogenases by
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.

PMID- 165110
TI  - Separation of two phosphorylase kinase phosphatase activities in rabbit skeletal
      muscle.

PMID- 165111
TI  - Stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation by arachidonic and 8, 11, 14
      eicosatrienoic acids in rat anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 165112
TI  - Determination of cyclic 3',5'-AMP accumulation in resting and stimulated thyroid
      slices: Heterogeneity of the ATP precursor pool.

PMID- 165113
TI  - Phosphorylation of purified thyroid plasma membranes incubated with [32-P]ATP.
AB  - Plasma membranes have been prepared from porcine thyroid glands using sucrose
      gradients. The fractions having a density in sucrose of 1.18 g/ml mainly
      contained plasma membranes and were moderately contaminated with other
      subcellular components as shown by marker enzyme data. Purified plasma membranes
      incubated in the presence of [32-P]gamma ATP incorporated 32-P. Kinetics of
      incorporation of 32-P into endogenous substrates studied in various buffers and
      with increasing ATP concentration suggest a phosphodephosphorylating system
      related to cAMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase
      activities. The two enzymatic activities associated with plasma membranes have
      been demonstrated using exogenous substrates. cAMP increases and fluoride ions
      decrease the extent of membrane phosphorylation. The specific activity of protein
      kinase was 10-12 times higher than in the initial homogenate and was only
      slightly enhanced in the presence of 0.5% Nonidet as compared to microsomal
      fraction. cAMP binding to membrane proteins was 3 times higher than to the other
      particulate fractions. TSH present in the incubating medium or added after 5 min
      of 32-P labelling induced a rapid stimulation of endogenous phosphorylation
      followed by a rapid decrease. Phosphorylated membrane substrates were analyzed:
      high voltage paper electrophoresis after partial hydrolysis indicated that [32
      P]phosphate is incorporated into serine and threonine residues as o-phosphate
      derivatives. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed several 32--labelled
      fractions. When enhanced by cAMP, no specific phosphorylation of protein
      components was observed.

PMID- 165114
TI  - Circulating antibodies and respiratory virus infections.
AB  - Most respiratory viruses infect only the respiratory mucosa and mainly the
      surface epithelium, and it is therefore plausible that antibody within the
      circulation is unable to influence them, either by preventing infection or by
      terminating it once it has started. However there is experimental and
      observational evidence that some infections are prevented by circulating
      antibody. This may be because circulating immunoglobulins are released onto the
      surface possibly because of virus cytopathic effects or hypersensitivity to a
      viral antigen.

PMID- 165115
TI  - Meaning of circulating antibody titers in the infections of parainfluenza 3 virus
      and RS virus.
AB  - It is generally accepted that secretory antibodies play a very important role in
      the prevention of respiratory infections, but it is also considered that the
      circulating antibody level is a very significant indication of the establishment
      of infections. In parainfluenza 3 and RS virus infections, reinfections are very
      common but seem to depend more or less upon circulating antibody levels. There is
      a correlation between circulating antibody level and infection rate in
      parainfluenza 3 infection in some groups of school children in our observations
      of about one year. In the case of RS virus infection, observations were made in
      some nursery institutions and an experience in school children, in which also a
      circulating antibody level of some degree presents indications of infection
      rates.

PMID- 165116
TI  - Contribution to the study of the parainfluenza antigens.
AB  - From epidemiological data it appeared that an epidemic of parainfluenza type 1
      occurred in Lyons in October-November 1967. Thereafter a few sporadic cases were
      detected. Then in 1970 strains were isolated which showed a change in the
      hemagglutinin antigen. The persistence of antibodies in the population is shorter
      than that of the other parainfluenza viruses (i. e. parainfluenza 3); it is not
      known if reinfections with parainfluenza 1 occur since there are cross-reactions
      by CF test between parainfluenza 1 and parainfluenza 3 which are known to cause
      reinfections. The study of antigens of parainfluenza strains was made by HI, Nt,
      CF and immunodiffusion tests with various antisera prepared in various animal
      species. This study showed antigenic differences and similarities between
      parainfluenza 1 and parainfluenza 3.

PMID- 165117
TI  - The anamnestic response of the secretory immune system: A review.
AB  - Following topical immunization of the respiratory mucosa in man, persistence of
      antibody in the respiratory secretions can be demonstrated in some individuals
      for more than one year. The secretory response to replicating agents is generally
      more prolonged than the response to less persistent antigens. Repeat topical
      antigenic stimulation provokes a response which differs very little from the
      primary response in magnitude, duration or latency. Nevertheless, if more than 1
      year following adequate primary intranasal immunization, at a time when secretory
      antibodies are no longer detectable, men are again vaccinated intranasally with a
      dose of formalin-inactivated rhinovirus vaccine which will not provoke a primary
      secretory immune response, some vaccinees will produce nasal antibody. Similarly
      in mice, a second topical immunization of the respiratory tract with a dose of
      tetanus toxoid which does not produce a detectable primary secretory immune
      response will cause 11S IgA antibodies to appear in bronchial and nasal washings.
      Thus, it is possible that the secretory immune system may possess certain
      attributes of immunologic memory as classifically defined by the responses of the
      internal immune system to repeated antigenic stimulation.

PMID- 165118
TI  - Adenoviruses of man and animals.
AB  - Adenoviruses are capable of causing natural infections in a wide variety of
      vertebrates, including amphibia, birds and mammals. Although frequently causing
      inapparent infections, they may be associated with diseases of varying severity
      and localizations. The clinico-pathological manifestations most commonly
      associated with adenovirus infections involve the respiratory tract and the
      ocular conjunctiva. Involvement of the digestive, renal and nervous systems may
      also be observed. A state of latency with persistence of infection for prolonged
      periods has been described in many hosts. Many adenovirus types are oncogemic
      under experimental conditions but none have been associated with naturally
      occurring tumours. Although the diseases caused by adenoviruses tend to be mild,
      this is not invariably the case and these viruses may give rise to serious
      epidemiological situations and represent a threat to life under certain
      circumstances in which the use of prophylactic vaccination may be indicated.

PMID- 165119
TI  - Potential of attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine for infants and
      children.
AB  - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is a major cause of death and
      hospitalization in infancy and a frequent cause of morbidity throughout
      childhood. Serum antibody does not protect as is evident from the study of
      natural disease and use of killed vaccines. Local antibody responses occur in
      natural illness. Possibly serum antibody in the absence of local antibody plays a
      part in illness. We have studied local and serum antibody response to potential
      attenuated vaccines: a 26 degrees C adapted RSV and a ts mutant RSV. Both
      produced the desired infection as evidenced by virus recovery, serum and local
      antibody response. However, both appear to have had residual pathogenicity for
      young infants. This included mild bronchitis after the 26 degrees C RSV and mild
      rhinitis, which might be acceptable, but also fever and otitis in one infant
      after the ts RSV. Also, some of the virus recovered in the ts studies had wild
      type characteristics. An acceptable RSV vaccine strain will (a) infect without
      undergoing reversion or other genetic changes, (b) induce resistance to wild type
      virus, (c) cause no or very mild inflammatory changes such as the rhinitis
      associated with the vaccines thus far tried.

PMID- 165120
TI  - Antigenic relationships of common rhinovirus types from disabling upper
      respiratory illnesses.
AB  - The frequency of the common cold has been though to be due to the existence of
      more than 89 different serologic types of rhinoviruses. However, in the civilian
      and military population studied in this area from 1962 through 1970, types 1A,
      1B, 2, 23, 29, 30 and 31 accounted for 81 percent of 487 rhinoviruses isolated
      from individuals with respiratory illnesses. Antigenic relationships between
      these types and others have been demonstrated by neutralization in WI-38 cell
      cultures and by immunodiffusion. Types 1A and 1b, 2 and 49, 23 and 30, 29 and 44
      and others are related. With specific animal antisera, heterotypic antibody
      titers are minimal. However, following natural infection in man with one of these
      related types, antibody responses to the other was almost equal to the homotype
      and could predictably provide cross-protection. Even with inactive T13 rhinovirus
      vaccine in man, protective levels of neutralizing antibody to T41 were produced.
      It is clear that the rates of rhinovirus colds would be greatly increased if more
      than 89 immunologic distinct types actually existed. An effective vaccine could
      be easily prepared by selection of a few appropriate types, such as 1A, 2, 23, 29
      and 31.

PMID- 165121
TI  - An animal model for studying infection and immunity to and attenuation of human
      parainfluenza viruses.
AB  - Neonatal ferrets were found to be highly via the intranasal route of inoculation
      to infection with wild type isolates of parainfluenza viruses. Wild type
      infection consistently resulted in deaths of these animals in 48 to 72 hours.
      Autopsy and histopathological findings in lung tissue were consistent with those
      of viral infection. Virus could consistently be isolated from lung tissues. Using
      wild green monkey kidney grown viruses and selected passage levels of egg adapted
      viruses, virus attenuation markers were observed by comparing infectivity in
      neonatal ferrets, propagation in cell cultures of human, primate, rabbit and
      chick embryo tissues, and in chick embryos and interferon induction. Adult
      pregant dams could be immunized (silently infected) and circulating hemagglutinin
      inhibiting antibody could be detected within two weeks of intranasal instillation
      of wild and low egg passage types of virus. The animal model described could be
      valuable in studying immunity to parainfluenza virus infections.

PMID- 165122
TI  - Etiological relationship between several respiratory viruses and acute
      respiratory diseases in 1973 in the GDR.
AB  - The role of some important respiratory viruses (influenza A, B, parainfluenza,
      adeno and mycoplasma) in morbidity due to acute respiratory diseases during 1973
      in the GDR is analysed on account of serological data (CFR) obtained with paired
      sera (a -5 percent of all cases comprising all age groups) and virus isolations.
      The serological surveillance provides an important base for evaluating the
      significance of respiratory agents for the development of the morbidity due to
      ARD.

PMID- 165123
TI  - A case of pneumonia associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and anti- CMV antibody
      detection.
AB  - A case of pneumonia associated with acute CMV infection is reported. A 34 year
      old man was admitted with fever (39 degrees C equals 102.2 degrees F), malaise
      and dyspnea. Clinical findings were characteristic of viral pneumonia. Crepitant
      rales to chest auscultation were heard all over the lung. X-ray picture showed
      evidence of interstitial pneumonia. Leucocyte counts were normal whilst
      lymphocyte counts elevated. Bone marrow examination showed an increase of
      lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. To palpation liver and spleen were slightly
      enlarged. Liver function tests were slightly abnormal. Bacteriological tests on
      urine and blood and Paul-Bunnel test were negative. Antibiotic therapy was
      ineffective. CMV was isolated from saliva and urine. Serological studies
      (elevated CF and precipitin antibody titer) suggested the diagnosis of a CMV
      infection. The patient recovered in 3 weeks.

PMID- 165124
TI  - Immune response of cattle to intranasally or parenterally administered
      parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccines.
AB  - The principal significance of PI-3 virus in the bovine respiratory disease
      complex would seem to be its role in predisposing the respiratory tract to
      bacterial infection by (5) disrupting the integrity of the superficial mucosa and
      (3) producing a more favourable milieu for bacterial growth. Attention has
      therefore been given to establishing local immunity to preclude infection of
      superficial cells of the mucosa. Criteria used to evaluate the degree of such
      immunity are (5) presence of specific antibody activity in nasal secretions and
      (3) extent of virus excretion in nasal secretions following challenge with low
      passage virus. Studies completed thus far demonstrate that modified, live PI-3
      virus administered intranasally is more effective than either modified, live or
      inactivated PI-3 virusadministered by parenteral injection in providing antibody
      activity in respiratory tractsecretions and in reducing virus excretion following
      challenge. IgA antibodies, presumably synthesized locally, apparently contribute
      heavily to the total antibody activity present in respiratory tract secretions.

PMID- 165125
TI  - Vaccination against parainfluenza 1 virus (typus muris) infection in order to
      eradicate this virus in colonies of laboratory animals.
AB  - Parainfluenza 1 virus (typus muris), commonly known as Sendai virus, is still
      contaminating mouse colonies in Japan. This presents a serious problem to keep
      mouse colonies pathogen-free. It seems that the infection is spread by dust and
      the virus remains active a considerable time in the mouse breeding rooms after
      all mice are removed. In order to eradicate the infection of this virus,
      vaccination was attempted to inoculate newly born young mice successively for
      about six months and during and after these periods the movements of the
      infection were under observation. The vaccine used for this experiment was
      inactivated virus vaccine with mineral oil-Arlacel adjuvant. The induction of
      antibody level by the inoculation of this vaccine was evidenced to be very
      efficient and the duration of the immunity was also very satisfactory. However,
      after the cessation of the vaccination, the infection of the virus reappeared
      gradually after some period of temporary ease.

PMID- 165127
TI  - Antibody levels and immunity to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR)
      infections in Wisconsin dairy cattle.
AB  - Individual cows and calves in 7 Holstein-Friesian herds with a history of
      respiratory disease in Green County, Wisconsin, USA, were swabbed intranasally
      and bled monthly, some for periods over 1 year. Virus isolation and serological
      procedures were completed on the samples in an attempt to recognize the problems
      and peculiarities that IBR virus continues to cause in dairy cows, in spite of,
      and possibly because of vaccines available for immunization against this agent.
      While IBR virus was isolated from animals on 6/7 farms over the period of study
      the history of vaccination with Nasalgen IP prevented the differentiation of
      vaccine (avirulent) virus from field (virulent) virus. IBR virus was isolated
      from apparently healthy animals as well as animals having signs of respiratory
      disease. IBR virus was assumed to be the cause of recurrent respiratory disease
      and ocular disease on at least two of the farms studied as established by virus
      isolation, serology, and the presence of characteristic signs of respiratory
      disease. While IBR virus was present on the other five farms its precise role in
      the diseases observed was not determined. IBR virus, whether vaccine virus or
      field virus, appeared to be persistent in 6/7 of the herds studied.
      Keratoconjunctivitis and corneal ulceration were the only signs of disease in
      animals in one herd where the etiologic agent was presumed to be field strain IBR
      virus. Antibody to IBR virus did not protect animals from respiratory or ocular
      disease in which IBR virus was thought to be a causative agent. Adult animals
      that had antibody to IBR virus at the time of vaccination with Nasalgen IP
      generally did not respond after vaccination with an increase in IBR virus
      antibody. Those adults that did not have antibody prior to vaccination, generally
      responded to vaccination with a rise in antibody. Vaccination of calves with
      Nasalgen IP generally did not cause an increase in antibody. IBR virus antibody
      was higher in vaccinated herds with recurrent respiratory disease.

PMID- 165126
TI  - Local and systemic response after simultaneous intranasal inoculation of
      temperature-sensitive mutants of parainfluenza 3, IBR and bovine adenovirus 3.
AB  - Triple seronegative calves were exposed by the nasal route to three (ts) mutants
      of bovine respiratory viruses (PI3, IBR, Adeno3). After a single exposure, they
      responded with significant levels of serum antibodies to the three viruses. Nasal
      antibodies were demonstrated for PI3 and adenovirus antigens. The failure to
      demonstrate nasal antibodies to IBR may be due to lack of sensitivity of the
      procedure used. When reexposed six weeks later, calves had sharp increases in
      levels of serum antibodies and developed a secondary type response at the local
      level for all three viruses. The persistence of the local antibodies was much
      longer after reexposure than after primary inoculation. This study indicates that
      the simultaneous application of these three (ts) viruses by the respiratory route
      is perfectly safe and affords a long lasting immunity towards homologous
      respiratory infections.

PMID- 165128
TI  - Immune response to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) following
      natural infection or vaccination by intranasally or parenterally administered
      vaccines.
AB  - Neutralizing antibody activity is present in serum and nasal secretions of cattle
      following IBR virulent virus challenge or intranasal vaccination with live,
      avirulent virus. Levels of nasal secretion antibody activity (NS-AA) are low and
      short-lived following initial exposure, but are considerably enhanced following
      reexposure provided infection occurs. NS-AA has not been detected in calves
      following parenteral administration of live virus vaccine. Such calves are
      subject to infection by challenge virus administered intranasally as early as
      three weeks after vaccination. Unlike parenterally administered vaccine, vaccine
      administeredintranasally promotes active immunity in young calves born of immune
      dams. Calves so vaccinated respond to later challenge with rapid, pronounced
      increases in both serum antibody and NS-AA without displaying overt signs of
      disease. Avirulent virus administered intranasally promotes release of interferon
      into nasal secretions for a period of six to eight days, coincident with
      continued virus replication. Classes of immunoglobulin involved in the various
      responses will be discussed.

PMID- 165129
TI  - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. History and recent developments.
AB  - The infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus belongs to the group of herpes
      viruses. It causes in cattle a severe disease predominantly in the upper
      respiratory tract. Morbidity rate is 100 percent, mortality - depending on
      hygienic and other factors - ranges from 0-15 percent. The IBR virus is
      serologically indistinguishable from the infect pustulat vulvovaginitis (IPV)
      virus which causes disorders of the genital tract in both male and female cattle.
      Possibly the IPV virus is the older of the two. Already in the twenties it had
      been isolated and described in Europe whereas IBR virus was first isolated from
      feedlot cattle in the USA during 1955/1956. Most likely - experiments also gave a
      hint - the IPV virus increased its virulence for the respiratory tract by rapid
      and numerous passages as this was only possible in accumulations of tremendous
      heads of animals. Vaccines both live attenuated and killed ones have been
      developed. Killed ones are always administered parenterally; the live ones are
      either intramuscularly injected or locally sprayed (into the nasal cavity).
      Immunity is developed within 3 weeks, however, if vaccinated animals are
      challenged, virus is again shed for a number of days. Cattle thereby do not
      exhibit any symptoms of disease. This is true following any kind of vaccination
      (live or killed). After local administration of live vaccines, however, the
      production of interferon by the cells of the respiratory tract is remarkable
      whereas parenterally administration of vaccine does not lead to that.

PMID- 165130
TI  - Live and killed virus vaccines: their use against the respiratory diseases of
      cattle.
AB  - The respiratory diseases of cattle are due to a combination of different factors
      among which figures a viral infection. The antiviral vaccination, perfectly
      possible owing to associated killed vaccines and live virus, is thus a very
      important element which must enter into every general plan of prophylaxis.
      Moreover, these plans will concern bacterial infections, conditions of rearing,
      etc. We have demonstrated that it is possible to produce good immunity in calves
      and sheep using a trivalent killed vaccine (parainfluenza 3, adenovirus 3 and
      reovirus 1). Possible interference with antibodies of maternal origin makes the
      multiplication of vaccine injections desirable.

PMID- 165131
TI  - Studies on immunity to Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus infection in pigs.
AB  - Aujeszky's disease is primarily a disease of pigs caused by a herpesvirus. In
      pigs, the primary site of virus replication is the nasopharynx. Some strains
      cause lesions only in the central nervous system, others cause rhinitis,
      pneumonia and encephalitis. Colostrum from immune sows protected 3 day old
      piglets from experimental infection, but did not prevent the piglets excreting
      virus. Colostral antibodies were 11-16-fold greater than the serum titres in the
      sows and the half life of passiveantibody was 8.5 days. Pigs given virus vaccine
      intramuscularly did not excret vaccine virus whereas live vaccine virus given
      intranasally was excreted. Although only low titres of serum neutralizing
      antibody were detected, vaccination gave good protection against severe
      experimental challenge; the intranasally vaccinated group was better protected. A
      naturally occurring local strain and temperature-sensitive mutants are being
      examined as potential vaccines.

PMID- 165132
TI  - Immunity to infections of the respiratory system in man and animals.
AB  - Itis probable that RS virus is an important etiological agent in the bovine
      respiratory disease syndrome. This is the conclusion of groups of workers in
      Europe and Japan. In this country, significant levels of neutralizing antibody
      have been detected in 81 percent of cattle tested, while paired sera groups
      showed seroconversions of between 17 and 29 percent. RS virus has also been
      isolated from diseased calves and such isolates produce pyrexia and rhinitis in
      experimentally infected calves. The virus is localised in the respiratory tract.
      Serum antibody responses have not been consistent but it is likely that moderate
      serum antibody levels indicate that the animal is protected. These antibody
      levels can be achieved by injection of a formalin inactivated antigen. Calves
      vaccinated in this way showed no definite evidence of exacerbation of disease
      when challenged with infectious virus.

PMID- 165133
TI  - The importance of picornavirus infections in respiratory disease of man and other
      mammals.
AB  - Picornaviruses may be divided, by physicochemical properties, into enteroviruses,
      cardioviruses, caliciviruses, rhinoviruses and foot-and-mouth diseases viruses.
      Although the respiratory tract may be the primary site of entry and
      multiplication for enteroviruses, cardioviruses and FMD viruses, few agents in
      these groups cause respiratory disease. A notable exception is coxsackievirus A21
      which is an important cause of upper respiratory tract diseases in military
      recruits. The picornaviruses which most frequently cause respiratory illness are
      rhinoviruses and caliciviruses. There are over one hundred rhinovirus serotypes
      which infect man and they have been isolated from up to 50 percent of cases of
      mild respiratory illness, from 1-2 percent of healthy adults and from 5-10
      percent of healthy children. About 10 percent of rhinovirus infections in adults
      are symptomless. The two bovine serotypes of rhinovirus and the two equine
      serotypes frequently infect cattle and horses respectively but seldom cause
      disease. Numerous calicivirus serotypes have been found in 17 percent of cats
      with respiratory disease and in 19 percent of clinically normal cats. However,
      experimental inoculation with caliciviruses has confirmed their causative role in
      respiratory disease of cats. The high rate of virus isolation from normal cats is
      probably due to their ability to carry virus in an infectious form for up to two
      years after initial infection and illness.

PMID- 165134
TI  - Hepatic dearterialization in 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazo-benzene-induced
      hepatocellular carcinoma with special reference to circulatory dynamics and
      mitochondrial functions.
AB  - This time trend of hemodynamics and mitochondrial functions were studied to
      determine whether the ligation of the hepatic artery would result in an antitumor
      effect on 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced hepatic carcinoma in rats.
      The studies revealed that the hepatic tumors were nourished predominantly by the
      artery and less by the portal vein; the size of the vascular beds in the hepatic
      tumors decreased as compared with those in the non-tumor area; and as the tumors
      grew larger, the artery became less predominant and the size of vascular beds
      decreased further. The mitochondria in the tumor were characterized by impaired
      growth, impaired oxidative phosphorylation, and by the low activity and
      nucleotide specificity of membrane bound ATPase. Hepatic dearterialization
      enhanced ischemia in the tumors and was accompanied by intensified impairment of
      the aerobic energy production, resulting in necrosis of the tumor. The effects of
      the dearterialization tended to decrease after the 5th day following the
      operation. In view of the gross findings upon relaparotomy and the recovery of
      hemodynamics and mitochondrial functions, this tendency appeared to be chiefly
      attributed to the increasing collateral circulation.

PMID- 165135
TI  - Phytobezoar occurring as a complication of gastric carcinoma.
AB  - Phytobezoar occurring as a complication of gastric carcinoma is reported for the
      first time. A review of the pathogenesis of phytobezoar suggests that
      hypomotility and hyposecretion are the two most important factors in bezoar
      formation. In the case discussed, hypomotility as a consequence of neoplastic
      involvement of the gastric antrum was the most important precipitating factor.
      However, documentation of prior hyposecretion was also noted and suggests that a
      combination of these two factors may be more significant than each taken alone.
      The therapeutic management of bezoars in patients who are not candidates for
      surgery is frequently difficult. This is the third case in which the enzyme
      cellulase has been used successfully for bezoar dissolution.

PMID- 165136
TI  - Role of DNA sequences in genetic recombination in the iso-1-cytochrome c gene of
      yeast. I. Discrepancies between physical distances and genetic distances
      determined by five mapping procedures.
AB  - Recombination rates have been examined in two-point crosses of various defined
      cyc1 mutants using five mapping methods. Nucleotide sequences of mutant codons
      were identified in previous studies from alterations in functional iso-1
      cytochromes c produced by intragenic revertants. Heteroallelic diploids were
      analyzed for rates of mitotic recombination that occurred spontaneously and that
      were induced with x-rays, ultraviolet light and the near-ultraviolet light
      emitted by sunlamps, as well as rates of meiotic recombination that occur after
      sporulation. Frequencies of both mitotic and meiotic recombination do not
      necessarily correspond with physical distances separating altered nucleotides.
      The most extreme discrepancy involved two adjacent intervals of thirteen
      basepairs which differed approximately thirty-fold in their spontaneous and X-ray
      induced recombination rates. Marked disproportions between genetic and physical
      distances appear to be due to the interaction of the two nucleotide sequences in
      the heteroallelic combination and not to the sequences of the mutant codons
      alone. Recombination values that were obtained by all five methods could not be
      used to establish to correct order of mutant sitesmrelationships of the
      recombination rates for the various pairwise crosses are different after mitosis
      from those after meiosis, suggesting that these two recombinational processes are
      to some extent different in their dependence on particular nucleotide
      configurations. On the other hand, the relationships of the rates induced by UV-,
      sunlamp- and X-irradiation were identical or very similar. In addition to the
      intrinsic properties of the alleles affecting frequencies of mitotic and meiotic
      recombination rates, two- to threefold variations in recombination rates could be
      attributed to genetic backgrounds.

PMID- 165137
TI  - [State of adrenocorticotropic activity of the hypophysis under the action of a
      UHF field].

PMID- 165138
TI  - [Physiopathology of the Holmes-Adie syndrome. Neurophysiological examinations of
      the autoreflex disorder].
AB  - Areflexia of 8 patients with Holmes-Adie-syndrome was investigated. The voluntary
      movements, electromyograms, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities and the
      nerve action potentials were normal. The mechanically elicited afferents of
      mechanoreceptors of the soleus muscle (recorded with semimicro-electrodes) were
      not different in Holmes-Adie-patients with areflexia and normals.

PMID- 165139
TI  - Prediction of adult height of girls based on the percentage of adult height at
      onset of secondary sexual characteristics, at chronological age, and skeletal
      age.

PMID- 165142
TI  - Pain mechanism in the central nervous system.

PMID- 165140
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid
      synthesis in vitro.
AB  - Results are presented which suggest that inhibition of tritiated thymidine
      incorporation into the deoxyribonucleic acid of bone marrow in vitro by high
      concentrations of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate is pharmacological in
      nature, and thus apparently unrelated to the physiological actions of cAMP.

PMID- 165141
TI  - Organ cultures of rat and hamster colon.
AB  - Human fibrin foam as a matrix for three-dimensional organ cultures was
      successfully employed for the cultivation of newborn rat and hamster colon
      tissue. Colonic tissue was maintained under different oxygen atmospheres and with
      various synthetic media. Explants of rat and hamster colon, maintained in
      Leibovitz's L-15 medium buffered with HEPES in the presence of 5% CO2 and air,
      retained their normal columnar epithelial architecture for 24 days in culture.
      Outgrowth of epithelial cells from colonic explants similar to those of the
      mother fragments grew into the foam. Viability of the explants was indicated by
      radioactive thymidine incorporation, and by the ability of the fragments to
      support viral replication.

PMID- 165143
TI  - Significance of central norepinephrine-containing neurons in sensory
      transmission.

PMID- 165144
TI  - Behavior of cortical neurons during both sleep and barbiturate anesthesia.

PMID- 165145
TI  - Neural background of sleep and anesthesia.

PMID- 165146
TI  - Type-C virus-specific nucleic acid sequences in cultured rat cells.
AB  - Single-stranded DNA transcripts of rat type-C viruses prepared in the presence of
      actinomycin D, hybridized specifically to DNA of several rat cell cultures with
      no obvious qualitative or quantitative differences. Similar products prepared
      from a pseudo-type sarcoma virus with contributions from rat and mouse type-C
      viruses hybridized to both rat and mouse cellular DNA, while mouse viral
      transcripts did not hybridize to rat cell DNA. Viral RNA was detected in all rat
      cells by means of the rat viral DNA transcripts, with some differences between
      untreated low-passage cells and sister cultures treated with bromodeoxyuridine or
      bromodeoxyuridine and methylcholanthrene. Cells treated with both compounds were
      previously shown to be transformed and turorigenic, and these were
      distinguishable by kinetic analysis from the control cells.

PMID- 165147
TI  - Pilot experiments with EB virus in owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). III.
      Serological and biochemical findings in an animal with reticuloproliferative
      disease.
AB  - Nucleic acid hybridization with EB virus complementary RNA has demonstrated
      unequivocally that EB virus DNA is present in the cells of a continuous
      lymphoblastoid line established in culture from a pathological lymph node of an
      owl monkey with reticuloproliferative disease after inoculation with EB virus.
      There were 48 to 49 EB virus genome equivalents per cell. In addition,
      serological studies showed that the diseased owl monkey developed specific
      antibodies to EB virus capsid antigens. The antibodies were first detected by
      indirect immunofluorescence in serum sampled 13 weeks after inoculation, and were
      not found in sera from other animals without the disease. None of the monkeys
      developed heterophile antibodies. The significance of the biochemical and
      serological findings is discussed in relation to the nature of the
      reticuloproliferative disease and the possibility of tumour-induction by EB
      virus.

PMID- 165148
TI  - Non-producer human cells induced by murine sarcoma virus.
AB  - Non-produces (NP) human cells were isolated from transformed foci induced by the
      Kirsten mouse sarcoma virus. These morphologically altered NP cells produced
      neither infectious virus nor complement-fixing antigens of the murine sarcoma
      leukemia virus complex. However, the sarcoma virus genome could be rescued from
      these NF cells by co-cultivation with cells carrying "helper" Kirsten mouse
      leukemia virus or Woolly Monkey leukemia virus. The possible usefulness of these
      cells in efforts designed to detect covert or repressed RNA tumor viruses in
      various animal and human tissues is discussed.

PMID- 165149
TI  - Occurrence of nervous-tissue tumors in cattle, horses, cats and dogs.
AB  - From 11 North American veterinary university hospitals and clinics, 248 animals
      were a confirmed diagnosis of nervous-tissue tumor were identified; 7 tumors were
      found in cattle, 28 in horses, 14 in cats, 199 in dogs, and none in other
      species. Tumors were divided for analysis into three categories-glial, meningeal,
      and peripheral nerve. In cattle and horses, all tumors involved peripheral
      nerves, the risk of which, in horses, reached a plateau at 4-6 years of age and
      remained constant thereafter. In cats, the tumors were equally distributed among
      the three tumor categories whereas, in dogs, twice as many glial tumors as
      meningeal and peripheral nerve tumors were found. The risk for glial tumors in
      dogs reached a peak at 10-14 years of age, for meningeal at 7-9 years, and for
      peripheral nerve at 2-3 and 7-9 years. Three canine breeds-English bulldog,
      boxer, and Boston terrier-had an excessive rish of glial tumors. Except for an
      excess of skin tumors in dogs with peripheral nerve tumors, there was no unusual
      occurrence with second primary neoplasms for any species. There was no detectable
      predisposition by sex for any of the categories of nervous-tissue tumors among
      any of the four species. The role of genetic abnormalities associated with
      nervous-tissue tumors and other etiologic factors (e.g., chronic hypoxia) may be
      clarified by further studies involving canine breeds of "bulldog" ancestry.

PMID- 165150
TI  - Infectious DNA recovered from avian tumor-virus-producing cells.
AB  - A single treatment of chick embryo fibroblasts with DNA recovered from chick
      embryo fibroblasts productively infected and transformed with four different
      strains of RSV, or productively infected with two different strains of RAV,
      resulted in virus production and cell transformation (in the case of RSV)  two or
      three passages after treatment (8-25 days). The virus recovered from cultures was
      phenotypically identical to that produced by the donor cells. No virus production
      nor cell transformation resulted from treatment of control cultures with DNA
      digested with DNAse. Infectious RSV-DNA was recovered from purified donor cell
      nuclei and was associated with the precipitable fraction of DNA prepared
      according to the method of Hirt (1967). It also sedimented with cellular DNA in
      density gradients, and with high molecular weight DNA (2-4 times 10-7 daltons) in
      sucrose gradients, which suggests that it is associated and may be integrated
      with chromosomal DNA. In some experiments, DNA fractions of lower molecular
      weight (down to 6 times 10-6 daltons) were also infectious. DNA from virus
      producing RSV-transformed cells also gave rise to virus and Rous cells in
      cultures of fibroblasts from gs- embryos. However, the amount of DNA required for
      successful infection varied widely between experiments, and no reproducible dose
      effect relationship was observed. The frequency of DNA-treated cells which
      produced virus remained low, even when the assay cultures were pretreated with 5
      bromodeoxyuridine.

PMID- 165151
TI  - Activation of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons in polyoma-virus-transformed
      cells as a prerequisite for polyoma virus induction.
AB  - Polyoma-virus (PV)-transformed cell clones, which are inducible for virus
      synthesis by various physical and chemical agents, metabolize the chemically non
      reactive carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BP) into water soluble products. In cultures
      of such clones, which metabolize BP to a level of 30-6-% of that of normal cells,
      up to 10.4% of the cells were induced for PV synthesis by BP, 20
      methylcholanthrene (MCA) and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (CMBA). No PV
      induction was observed with the non-carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons pyrene
      chrysene and benz(a)-anthracene. A proportion of subclones, isolated from a PV-
      inducible clone, which metabolized 0.1 mug or less BP per 10-6 cells were all
      inducible for PV synthesis by these carcinogens. Subclones isolated from an
      inducible clone pretreated with BP were shown to metabolize less than 0.1 mu BP
      per 10-6 cells and were resistant to virus induction by the carcinogenic
      polycyclic hydrocarbons. Benzoflavone, which inhibited the metabolism of BP in
      clones metabolizing high levels of this carcinogen, also prevented the induction
      of PV antigen and infectious virus synthesis in these clones. The data indicate a
      relationship between the carcinogenicity of polycyclic hydrocarbons and their
      ability to induce virus in the PV-transformed cells and suggest that virus
      induction depends on metabolic conversion of these hydrocarbons into similar
      reactive compounds that are responsible for malignant transformation and
      mutagenesis.

PMID- 165152
TI  - Transformation of horse skin cells by type-C sarcoma viruses.
AB  - A horse skin cell line (E. Derm, NBL-6, CCL-57) was susceptible to focus
      formation by the Kirsten mouse sarcoma virus, feline sarcoma virus (ST stain) and
      the MSV pseudotypes with woolly monkey, gibbon monkey, RD-114, AT-124, baboon
      placenta and murine xenotropic (BALB/c 3T3 and C57L/JD) type-C viruses. Foci were
      detected within 5 days after infection and the transformed cells continued to
      produce infectious virus and group-specific antigen of their respective type-C
      leukemia viruses. The transformation efficiency of various type-C sarcoma viruses
      in horse cells was also very high.

PMID- 165153
TI  - Demonstration of oncogenic potential of mammalian cells transformed by DNA
      containing viruses following photodynamic inactivation.
AB  - The oncogenic properties of hamster embryo cells transformed by herpes simplex
      virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) and SV40 virus following photodynamic
      inactivation using neutral red were determined by subcutaneous inoculation into
      newborn Syrian hamsters. Cells transformed by all three viruses produced palpable
      tumors after different latent periods. Histopathological examination showed that
      HSV-2 tumors were fibrosarcomas and metastases were often seen in the lungs. HSV
      2 primary tumors were reinoculated subcutaneously into weanling hamsters; they
      developed palpable tumors within 2 weeks. HSV-specific antigens were detected in
      the cytoplasm and/or on the surface of both the HSV-1 and HSV-2 tumor-cell
      cultures by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The same method revealed
      SV40 tumor antigen in the nuclei of the SV40 tumor cells. Sera from HSV or SV40
      tumor-bearing hamsters gave positive reactions when tested against HSV-infected
      hamster cells or SV40-infected monkey cells, respectively. These results
      demonstrate that herpes simplex virus and SV40, whose infectivity was lost
      following photodynamic inactivation, retained the virus genetic information
      necessary for transformation of normal cells to an oncogenic phenotype.

PMID- 165154
TI  - Characteristics of cell lines derived from human leukocytes transformed by
      different strains of Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - Variation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in respect to its effect on the properties
      of transformed cells was probed. Human umbilical cord leukocytes from six
      different individuals were transformed in vitro by either B95-8 (B) or QIMR-WIL
      (Q) strains of EBV and subsequently 12 lymphoblastoid cell lines (six B-derived
      and six Q-derived lines) were established. The B lines and Q lines were different
      in the expression of EBV genome i.e. production of virus or viral antigens, and
      in other properties including growth pattern and immunoglobulin production. The
      most striking differences between the two groups lay in their capacity to produce
      infectious virus and in the shape of the cell-clumps. The results suggest that
      different strains of EBV may induce transformed cells with different
      characteristics.

PMID- 165155
TI  - BCG therapy of pleural and peritoneal growth of transplanted rat tumours.
AB  - Growth of intrapleurally injected cells of immunogenic methylcholanthrene-induced
      rat sarcomas was suppressed by intrapleural injection of viable or 1 times 10-6 R
      radiation-sterilized BCG vaccine. As little as 10 mug moist weight of organisms
      was effective, and treatment could be given several days before or after tumour
      challenge. Pleural effusion growth of a moderately immunogenic ascitic hepatoma
      was also controlled by intrapleurally administered BCG. In contrast, BCG injected
      intravenously, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally was without influence on
      pleural tumour growths. Similarly, intraperitoneal growth of these tumours was
      suppressed only by intraperitoneal injection of BCG. With two other transplanted
      tumours, a chemically induced mammary carcinoma and a spontaneous sarcoma, both
      of which lack significant immunogenicity, BCG treatment of pleural and peritoneal
      growths was less successful and more variable. Nevertheless, these studies
      indicate the potential of this type of treatment of thoracic and peritoneal
      tumour deposits for possible clinical application in the treatment of malignant
      mesothelioma.

PMID- 165156
TI  - Classification and biological nature of established human hematopoietic cell
      lines.
AB  - Over 200 established human hematopoietic cell lines of normal and malignant
      origin have been investigated by morphological and functional parameters.
      Employing morphology as the overriding parameter four types of lines were
      identified. (1) Lymphoblastoid cell lines, derived from normal and neoplastic
      hematopoietic tissue, were characterized by the wide morphologic flexibility of
      individual lymphoblastoid cells, constant association with Epstein-Barr virus
      (EBV), polyclonal derivation, differentiation for immunoglobulin production
      (secretion) and their diploids. (2) Lymphoma cell lines. This type of line was
      established at a high frequency from Burkitt's lymphoma and rarely from other
      types of lymphoma, but never from patients without malignancy or with non
      lymphoma malignancies. Important characteristics were morphologic stereotypia
      within each line, monoclonal derivation, common but not obligatory association
      with EBV, variability in the expression of Ig synthesis (no production, or
      membrane bound Ig, or secretion) and aneuploidy. (3) Myeloma cell lines could
      only rarely be obtained from patients with myeloma. The basis for classification
      of these lines is their production of Ig identical to the myeloma protein in
      vitro. Other important distinguishing features were: plasma cell morphology,
      absence of EBV and aneuploidy. (4) The leukemia cell line (MOLT 4) was the only
      line with T-cell characteristics and was easily distinguished from the other
      types. Important characteristics were a typical surface ultrastructure, absence
      of EBV and absence of immunoglobulin production, Individual lymphoblastoid lines
      were in principle identical whereas each line of the other three types had its
      own characteristic profile. The phenotypic characteristics of the lymphoblastoid
      lines were very stable during prolonged serial cultivation. Only in a few cases
      were secondary chromosomal, functional or morphologic alterations noted. We
      conclude that EBV-carrying lymphoblastoid lines can be obtained from non
      neoplastic precursor cells from healthy as well as from diseased individuals.
      Lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia lines are only obtained from the respective
      neoplastic tissue but generally at a low frequency. With the exception of
      Burkitt's lymphoma, malignant hematopoietic tissue and leukemia frequently give
      rise to established cell lines in vitro of the lymphoblastoid type rather than
      lines derived from the neoplastic cells;

PMID- 165158
TI  - Genital herpes: the source of infection.

PMID- 165157
TI  - Genital herpes: Treatment with methylene blue and light exposure.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with genital herpes were treated by photodynamic inactivation
      of herpesvirus by methylene blue (36 patients), proflavine (101 or neutral red
      (10). The first 35 patients were randomly selected for treatment with one of the
      three dyes. All the others were initially treated with methylene blue. The
      disease was temporarily eradicated in about 70% of instances by exposure of the
      lesions to light plus topically applied methylene blue, neutral red or
      proflavine. Relapses, however, were not prevented or appreciably reduced.

PMID- 165159
TI  - Carcinoma of the stomach.
AB  - Seventy-five cases of stomach carcinoma were analyzed. The incidence was highest
      between 41 and 50 years of age. Male to female ratio was 4:1. The average
      duration of symptoms was one year. There was no correlation between incidence and
      the dietary and smoking habits of the patients. Epigastric pain was the commonest
      complaint followed byanorexis, vomiting and loss of weight. Anemia was the
      commonest finding. Epigastric mass was present in nearly 50% of cases. Pyloric
      obstruction was common. Upper gastrointestinal x-ray studies were rewarding.
      Occult blood was often found in the stools. The majority of patients were about
      equally distributed between blood groups A and O. Many patients had no or low
      acid levels but 7.5% had normal or high acid levels. At operation, the growth was
      commonly found near the pylorus. Diffuse involvement was infrequent. Curative
      surgery could be done in only 20% of cases. One-third of the patients had
      palliative gastrojejunostomy. The operative mortality and morbidity were high.
      The overall five-year survival was only 5%.

PMID- 165160
TI  - Primary cerebral neoplasia in Rhodesia.
AB  - In 17 years we have performed 6,505 neurosurgical procedures in the neurosurgical
      unit of the Salisbury Hospital Group. Only 62% were performed on Africanpatients
      and 38% on European patients, despite the fact that the African population
      exceeds the European population by 20 times. This is partly due to the tolerance
      of rural people towards disease and partly to a number of social factors. The
      European group has a greater percentage of elderly people than the African group
      and, although we could not estimate the incidence of tumors among the African
      group, we would expect their overall incidence per capita to be lower because
      malignant tumors tend to occur in older people. We do not suspect the existence
      of a genetic factor in tumor incidence. There were 205 primary intracranial
      neoplasms in Africans and 244 in Europeans. Histological study shows that 33% of
      all tumors were meningiomas in the African group compared to 19% in the European
      group. Gliomas comprised 61.3% of the European series and 48.8% of the African
      series but the distribution by Kernohan's grading of astrocytomas was the same in
      both groups. If age was a factor, Grades I and II should have predominated in the
      African group, but did not. The incidence for each tumor among our European
      patients followed the patterns reported in various European and USA series.
      Likewise the pattern emerging from our African series closely paralleled the
      reports of other workers in Africa. Acoustic neuromas appear to be rather rare
      among Africans. The average age of all adults with tumors was 15 years lower in
      the African group than in the European group. However, this is entirely related
      to the age structure of the population, and not to an earlier age of occurrence.
      The average ages of medulloblastoma cases were identical. In our European series
      the occurrence according to age was much the same as that reported by overseas
      workers. The sex incidence of tumors in the European group seems to be a fair
      reflection of the situation elsewhere; in the African group it is questionable
      because men go into the towns to work and leave their families in the country.
      There was no significant difference in the location of tumors in the two groups.
      Results of treatment were uniformly inferior in the African group, partly due to
      the lateness of arrival at the hospital so that the growth was already far
      advanced and also because many patients suffered poor health from concomitant
      disease.

PMID- 165161
TI  - Electron diffraction study of asteroid bodies.

PMID- 165162
TI  - [Desensitization in contact eczema].

PMID- 165163
TI  - The mucosubstance coating the pneumonocytes in the lungs of Xenopus laevis and
      Lacerta viridis.
AB  - The layer of mucosubstance that is associated with the free surface membranes of
      the pneumonocytes in the lungs of the toad Xenopus laevis and the lizard Lacerta
      viridis was demonstrated by electron microscopy using iron oxide stain. The form
      and staining reactions of the mucosubstance layer were similar in both animals.
      In electron micrographs the mucosubstance was represented by a band of densely
      stained material (25-50 nm thick) which coated the entire free surface of the
      pneumonocytes. It appeared to be firmly attached to the outer leaflet of the
      superficial plasma membrane. Short lengths of osmiophilic membranes, presumed to
      be fragments of pulmonary surfactant, were often observed lying free in the air
      spaces but they did not show any affinity for iron stain. Incubation of lung
      sections in a solution of neuraminidase produced a marked decrease in the
      intensity of the surface staining; no change was detected after incubation in
      trypsin, papain, hyaluronidase, N-acetyl cysteine, or phosphate buffer. It is,
      therefore, concluded that the pneumonocyte surface coat consists mainly of a
      sialomucin.

PMID- 165164
TI  - A histochemical study of acid phosphatase in normal and virus-transformed
      cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - The distribution of acid phosphatase has been investigated in normal and virus
      transformed cultured hamster and mouse fibroblasts. The enzyme was found to be
      present in lysosomes, autophagic vacuoles and elements of the Golgi apparatus. It
      was also found to be associated with a surface coat in some virus-transformed
      mouse cells and in the cytoplasm of both normal and transformed hamster cells.

PMID- 165165
TI  - Indirect sulphonation of mucopolysaccharides and glycogen in tissue sections with
      the use of bisulphite or dithionite after periodic acid oxidation.
AB  - Tissue mucopolysaccharides and glycogen can be indirectly sulphated after being
      oxidized by periodic acid and treated with sodium bisulphite or dithionite in
      aqueous solution. The sulphated sites are darkly stained by Roluidine Blue and
      realted dyes at pH less than 1.0. The background is very pale or colourless. The
      stained sections resist extraction with 1% hydrochloric acid for 48 hr, but can
      be extracted by 5% ammonium hydroxide in ethanol in 1 hr. Other oxidizing agents
      cannot be substituted for periodic acid.

PMID- 165166
TI  - Response of solitary adrenal gland to surgical stress.
AB  - Available reports on adrenal function following unilateral adrenalectomy mainly
      concern the gland's activity under basal conditions. Its response to superadded
      stress has largely escaped attention. The present communication deals with
      changes in morphology and in the behavior of acid phosphatase, non-specific
      esterases and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in solitary adrenal glands
      following operative trauma. Histochemical, electrophoretic and biochemical
      techniques have been employed in the study. Although the morphological response
      to identical trauma on both unilaterally adrenal-extomized and intact animals is
      indistinguishable, the enzymological response is strikingly different in the two
      groups. While in the latter, the enzyme activities exhibit an early rise
      following trauma, the same is delayed by another 8 hr in the former. In
      experments using ACTH, the overall pattern of exterase activity shows little
      deviation from that observed in untreated cases in both groups of animals. The
      findings indicate that in unilaterally adrenalectomized animals, susperadded
      operative stimuli fail to evoke the early response characteristic of the normal
      adrenal glands. Such latency points to the vulnerability of their existing
      defence mechanisms. The remarkable similarity of adrenal response with or without
      exogenous ACTH in these animals suggests that the reason for a delayed response
      is rooted in the target organ itself, and is not due to an altered plasma ACTH
      level.

PMID- 165167
TI  - Localization in cardiac muscle of some enzymes related to glutamate metabolism.
AB  - A tetrazolium staining medium incorporated in a gel has been used in a
      histochemical study of enzymes in thin sections of heart muscle. Formazan
      distribution patterns given by mitochondrial enzymes were inconsistent with the
      location of these enzymes revealed by the extraction of whole tissue. Similar
      stain distributions were given by lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate
      transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase. The distribution given by succinate
      dehydrogenase was not the same as that given by cytochrome oxidase stained by a
      different technique. Alcohol dehydrogenase added to the tissue assumed a
      distribution which suggested some adsorption of the enzyme to the tissue. But
      experiments suggested that this enzyme was not firmly bound to muscle proteins in
      the manner of some glycolytic enzymes.

PMID- 165168
TI  - The preservation of bacteria and fungi on anhydrous silica gel: an assessment of
      survival over four years.

PMID- 165169
TI  - Isolation and characterization of mutants of Haemophilus influenzae deficient in
      an adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent deoxyribonuclease activity.
AB  - By a direct assay approach, mutants of Haemophilus influenzae Rd that are
      deficient in adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent deoxyribonuclease activity (add
      ) were isolated and characterized. A large proportion (50 to 90%) of the cells in
      cultures of these mutants failed to produce visible colonies when plated. An
      extensive analysis of the recombination proficiency of these strains revealed
      that the transformation frequency (transformants per competent cell) in the
      mutants was similar to that found in the wild type, but that the transformation
      efficiency (transformants per microgram of irreversibly bound deoxyribonucleic
      acid [DNA]) was reduced approximately fourfold. Sensitivities of the mutants to
      gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation, and methyl methane sulfonate were only
      slightly greater than wild-type levels. The rate of degradation of host DNA after
      ultraviolet irradiation was significantly reduced in the mutants. It is suggested
      that the adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent deoxyribonuclease in H. influenzae
      plays a nonessential role in DNA recombination and repair.

PMID- 165170
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and morphology in Neurospora crassa: drug
      induced alterations.
AB  - Grown in liquid culture in the presence of a variety of structurally unrelated
      drugs, mycelia of wild-type Neurospora assume a colonial or semicolonial growth
      habit similar to that of known morphological mutants. Drugs that produce these
      morphological changes include atropine, theophylline, histamine, and several of
      the quinoline-containing antimalarials. Each of these drugs decrease the
      endogenous adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration of mycelia
      as a result of their effect on the activity of adenyl cyclase, the cAMP-dependent
      phosphodiesterase, or both. The evidence indicates a relationship between the
      degree of morphological abnormality, the degree to which intracellular cAMP is
      reduced, and the action of the drugs on the adenyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 165171
TI  - Regulation of galactose operon at the gal operator-promoter region in Escherichia
      coli K-12.
AB  - The capR (lon) product controls expression of the gal operon independently of the
      galR repressor. Previously, mutations of the gal operon have been isolated that
      are semiconstitutive and alter response to the capR and/or capT product. Such
      mutants imply the existence of a distinct site in the operon that responds to
      capR (capT) control. This mutation could be either in a site near the operator
      distal end of the galE gene, which signals rho factor termination of
      transcription in vitro or in a site in the operator-promoter region.
      Bacteriophage U3 was used to isolate galE mutations in HC2142 (a mutant
      exhibiting reduced response to capR control). P1 transduction was used to cross
      these mutants with a set of galE gene deletion. Analysis of the resulting Gal+
      recombinants indicates that the regulatory site is in the operator-promoter
      region. Hence, it is unlikely that capR functions in control as an anti-rho
      factor at the operator-distal end of the galE gene, but more likely as previously
      suggested, at a second operator distinct from one responding to galR repressor
      control. Upon induction with D-fucose, a promoter mutant (UV211) isolated
      previously expressed 20 to 30% of the galactose enzymes that the wild type
      exhibited in the presence of the inducer D-fucose. The effects of various
      mutations in cya, capR, and galR on galactokinase synthesis in this mutant were
      determined. Galactokinase was derepressed by capR as well as galR, but the
      presence or absence of the cya gene product was unimportant.

PMID- 165172
TI  - Two types of glucose effects on beta-galactosidase synthesis in a membrane
      fraction of Escherichia coli: correlation with repression observed in intact
      cells.
AB  - A membrane fraction obtained from an osmotic lysate of Escherichia coli
      spheroplasts retains capability to synthesize beta-galactosidase. The system also
      retains cellular regulatory functions, one of which is known as catabolite
      repression. Two types of repression of beta-galactosidase synthesis were observed
      in this membrane system: one was caused by the addition of 2-deoxyglucose or
      glucose at a low concentration (3 times 10- minus 4 M), and the other was caused
      by glucose-6-phosphate or glucose at a high concentration (3 times 10- minus 2
      M). In the presence of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (10 mM), repression
      caused by the former was completely reversed, whereas repression by the latter
      was only partially reversed. Conditions in intact cells causing transient and
      permanent repression were also investigated. Upon addition of 2-deoxyglucose or
      glucose at a low concentration to intact cells, only transient repression of beta
      galactosidase synthesis was observed. Glucose at a high concentration caused both
      transient and subsequent permanent repression, and intensity of permanent
      repression depended upon glucose concentration, whereas duration and intensity of
      transient repression were independent of glucose concentration. Mutants deficient
      in phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system (Hpr minus and enzyme I minus)
      showed transient repression but failed to show permanent repression. In mutants
      deficient in glucose catabolism beyond glucose-6-phosphate, both transient and
      permanent repression were observed. Correlation between the observations in the
      membrane system and in intact cells is discussed. The results obtained here
      strongly suggest that transient repression is caused by glucose itself, and that
      permanent repression is caused by glucose-6-phosphate of high intracellular
      levels of glucose.

PMID- 165173
TI  - Effect of glucose and its analogues on the accumulation and release of cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in a membrane fraction of Escherichia coli:
      relation to beta-galactosidase synthesis.
AB  - Correlation between beta-galactosidase synthesis and cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cAMP) levels in a membrane fraction obtained from disrupted
      spheroplasts of Escherichia coli was investigated. Repression of beta
      galactosidase synthesis in the membrane fraction by glucose-6-phosphate and by 2
      deoxyglucose differed in sensitivity to reversal by cAMP. The difference between
      the two repressions could be due to the fact that glucose-6-phosphate inhibited
      severely the accumulation of exogenous [3-H]cAMP by the membrane fraction,
      whereas 2-deoxyglucose had little effect on the accumulation of the nucleotide.
      On the other hand, a quick decrease in the level of [3-H]cAMP preaccumulated in
      the membrane fraction resulted from addition of either glucose-6-phosphate or 2
      deoxyglucose. Results reported here suggest that repression of beta-galactosidase
      synthesis is associated with anabrupt decrease in cAMP levels at the
      intramembranal sites where beta-galactosidase is synthesized, and the major, if
      not sole, mechanism which leads to instantaneous drop of cAMP level is via the
      release of cAMP, but not by degradation of the nucleotide since the membrane
      fraction retained less than 10 percent of cellular cyclic phosphodiesterase and
      the activity of the enzyme was not affected by repressing sugars.

PMID- 165174
TI  - Mutants of Neurospora deficient in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)
      glycohydrolase.
AB  - A new screening technique has been developed for the rapid identification of
      Neurospora crassa mutants that are deficient in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      glycohydrolase (NADase) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
      glycohydrolase (NADPase) activities. Using this procedure, five single-gene
      mutants were isolated whose singular difference from wild type appeared to be the
      absence of NAD(P)ase (EC 3.2.2.6). All five mutants were found to be genetically
      allelic and did not complement in heterocaryons. This gene, nada [NAD(P)ase], was
      localized in linkage group IV. One of the nada alleles was found to specify an
      enzyme that was critically temperature sensitive and had altered substrate
      affinity. Mutations at the nada locus did not affect the genetic program for the
      expression of NAD(P)ase during cell differentiation, nor did they have a general
      effect on NAD catabolism. Nada mutations did not have simultaneous effects on
      other glycohydrolase activities. Tests of dominance (in heterocaryons) and in
      vitro mixing experiments did not provide evidence that nada mutations alter
      activators or inhibitors of NAD(P)ase. Thus, the nada gene appears to specify
      only the structure of N. crassa NAD(P)ase.

PMID- 165175
TI  - Denaturation and proteolytic digestion of porcine low-density lipoprotein in
      aqueous guanidine hydrochloride solutions.
AB  - The denaturation of porcine low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in aqueous guanidine
      hydrochloride (GuHCl) was studied by flotation velocity experiments, optical
      rotatory dispersion and fluorescence spectroscopy.  The denaturation of LDL
      occurred between 2 and 4M GuGCl, where small sigmoidal changes in iptical
      rotation and fluorescence intensity were noted.  The hydrated density of the
      native LDL was 1.036g/cm-3 and this remained constant upon denaturation in 4M
      GuHCl.  The slope of the flotation coefficient-solvent density curve was 35 per
      cent less for denatured LDL than for the native LDL.  Since there is no
      indication of splitting of LDL in 4M GuHCl, it is natural to interpret the result
      in terms of an increase of the translational frictional coefficient by 50 per
      cent.  The observed changes in optical rotation, fluorescence intensity and
      flotation coefficient in 4M GuHCl were readily reversed and native LDL was
      recovered after removal of GuHCl by dialysis.  Proteolytic treatment of denatured
      LDL produced digested LDL which had a hydrated density of 1.021g/cm-3
      corresponding to the loss of 30 per cent of apo-LDL.  The digested LDL behaved
      like a compact, globular particle in aqueous NaCl solution and in 4M GuHCl. 
      These results can best be interpreted by a model of the LDL particle in which
      approximately 30 per cent of apo-LDL is exposed to the solvent, such that it can
      be reversibly denatured by GuHCl and at the same time is easily avalable to
      proteolytic enzymes, whereas the rest of apo-LDL is tightly associated with
      lipids and possibly buried inside the lipid moiety.  SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the digested LDL revealed four major peptide fragments with
      sizes ranging from 70,000 to 100,000 daltons.  We believe that the method and
      results described in this paper will have meaningful applications in the study of
      membrane proteins.

PMID- 165176
TI  - Mechanism of the ribosome-dependent uncoupled GTPase reaction catalyzed by
      polypeptide chain elongation factor G.
AB  - At low NH4-+ concentrations, 50S ribosomal subunits from E. coli were fully
      active in the absence of 30S ribosomal subunits, in forming a complex with the
      polypeptide chain elongation factor G (EF-G) and guanine nucleotide (ternary
      complex formation), and also in supporting EF-G dependent hydrolysis of GTP
      (uncoupled GTPase reaction).  However, both activities were markedly inhibited on
      increasing the concentration of the monovalent cation, and at 160 mM NH4-+, the
      optimal concentration for polypeptide synthesis in a cell-free system, almost no
      activity was observed with 50S ribosomes alone.  It was found that the inhibitory
      effect of NH4-+ was reversed by addition of 30S subunits.  Thus, at 160 mM NH4-+,
      only 70S ribosomes were active in supporting the above two EF-G dependent
      reactions, whereas at 20 mM NH4-+, 50S ribosomes were almost as active as 70S
      ribosomes.  Kinetic studies on inhibition by NH4-+ of the formation of 50S
      ribosome-EF-G-guanine nucleotide complex, indicated that the inhibition was due
      to reduction in the number of active 50S ribosomes which were capable of
      interacting with EF-G and GTP at higher concentrations of NH4-+.  The inhibitory
      effects of NH4-+ on ternary complex formation and the uncoupled GTPase reaction
      were markedly influenced by temperature, and were much greater at 0 degrees than
      at 30 degrees.  A conformational change of 50S subunits through association with
      30S subunits is suggested.

PMID- 165177
TI  - Hydrophobic interactions of the apo-Gln-I polypeptide component of human high
      density serum lipoprotein.
AB  - Apo-Gln-I, the major polypeptide component of human serum high density
      lipoprotein, has four noninteracting hydrophobic sites which associate with
      alkanes, anionic detergents, and cationic detergents. Hexane and octane bind to
      these sites with association constants of 6.8 times 10-2 and 1.8 times 10-4
      liters/mol, respectively, and compete with the anionic detergent, sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (C12OSO3-minus), at low detergent ligand binding ratios (i.e. smaller
      than or equal to 1.0 mol of C12OSO3-minus per mol of protein). At higher
      detergent binding ratios (larger than 2 mol of C12OSO3-minus per mol of protein)
      the polypeptide cooperatively binds alkanes and a conformational change is
      induced.

PMID- 165178
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and the induction of deoxyribonucleic acid
      synthesis in liver.
AB  - A mixture containing glucagon and thyroid hormone was previously devised that
      enhances markedly nuclear DNA replication and mitosis in the parenchymal liver
      cells of the unoperated rat. It is now shown that the glucagon of the stimulatory
      solution can be completely replaced by a mixture of a butyryl derivative of
      cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and theophylline. Cyclic guanosine 3':5'
      monophosphate and its butyryl derivatives and insulin and high levels of glucose
      are inactive. The inactivity of N2-monobutyryl cyclic guanosine 3':5'
      monophosphate cannot be ascribed to rapid breakdown in the animal or to the
      impenetrability of the liver cell since the coumpound elevates the rate of
      hepatic amino acid transport and the activity of ornithine decarboxylase. The
      observation of others (MacManus, J.P., Franks, D.J., Youdale, T. & Braceland,
      B.M. (1972) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 49, 1201-1207) that the level of
      cylcic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate is raised during most of the prereplicative
      period after 70% hepatectomy is confirmed. The evidence supports a positive role
      for adenosine 3':5-monophosphate in regulating DNA synthesis in the liver.

PMID- 165179
TI  - Differentiation between binding and transport of dansylgalactosides in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The results presented in this paper confirm and extend previous observations
      which indicate that fluorescent dansylgalactsodes bind to the beta-galactoside
      carrier protein but do not penetrate the cytoplasmic membrane. The conclusion is
      supported by the following observations. (a) Although 2'-(N-dansyl)aminoethyl
      beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside and 2'-(N-dansyl)aminoethyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside
      are competitive inhibitors of lactose transport in intact cells of Escherichia
      coli and induce the in vitro synthesis of beta-galactosidase, they do not induce
      beta-galactosidase in vivo. (b) p-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate does not cause
      efflux of lactose from the intravesicular pool, but causes rapid reversal of D
      lactate-induced dansylgalactoside fluorescence. (c) Dansylgalactosides inhibit
      dilution-induced, carrier-mediated lactose efflux.

PMID- 165180
TI  - Deoxyribinucleic acid-binding proteins in virus-transformed cell lines.
AB  - The synthesis of proteins with affinity for DNA has been studied in clones of a
      Syrian hamster cell line (NIL) and subclones of this line transformed by polyoma
      virus (NIL-Py) or hamster sarcoma virus (NIL-HSV). The results show that the
      synthesis of DNA-binding proteins in NIL and in its virus-transformed derivatives
      NIL-Py and NIL-HSV is very similar in exponentially growing cells, but in dense
      culture there is a very significant difference in the level of a protein (P8),
      which is much higher in the transformed lines than in untransformed NIL. The high
      levels of P8 in dense transformed cells have been observed in all the clones of
      transformed cells examined, indicating that this behavior of P8 is related to
      transformation and not simply due to a fortuitous clonal selection from the NIL.
      Experiments with synchronized cells indicate that the time of maximal P8
      synthesis relative to cellular DNA synthesis in NIL-HSV precedes that observed in
      NIL cells. P8 has a molecular weight of 30,000 as determined by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and is present in
      large amounts in the transformed cells in dense culture, where it makes up 0.5 to
      1% of the total soluble protein.

PMID- 165182
TI  - Deoxythymidine 3', 5'-di-p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a synthetic substrate for
      bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease.
AB  - Bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease liberates p-nitrophenol from the 3'-group of
      deoxythymidine 3', 5'-di-p-nitrophenyl phosphate. A similar hydrolysis occurs
      with deoxythymidine 3'-p-nitrophenyl phosphate 5'-phsophate, but the rate is less
      than 2% of that with the di-p-nitrophenyl ester. The rate of formation of the p
      nitrophenol, measured spectrophotometrically at 400 nm, varies linearly with
      DNase concentration. The binding of the substrate is not strong (K-m(app) in the
      10 mM range), but the hydrolysis is rapid; 1 mug of DNase (free from other
      phosphodiesterases) can be assayed in 3 min after addition to a 10 mM substrate
      solution at pH 7.2, 10mM in MnCl2, and 1mM in CaCl2. All four bovine pancreatic
      DNases (A,B,C, and D) show the same relative activities toward DNA and toward the
      di-p-nitrophenyl ester; both activities are lost when DNase is inactivated by
      iodoacetate or by trypsin. The specificity of DNase toward the di-p-nitrophenyl
      substrate is different from that which has been established for the enzyme's
      predominant action on DNA or synthetic oligonucleotides, where a monoesterified
      phosphate group is formed at the 5'-position.

PMID- 165181
TI  - Uncoupling and specific inhibition of phosphoryl transfer reactions in
      mitochondria by antibiotic A20668.
AB  - A20668 A, B, and C are polypeptide antibiotics that inhibit phosphorylation of
      ADP, Mg2t-ATPase, and the ATP-driven transhydrogenase of rat liver
      submitochondrial particles, but not the purified F1 ATPase. In intact
      mitochondria, 120668 inhibits uncoupler-induced ATPase, State 3 respiration, and
      phosphorylation; the A and B forms are approximately equipotent with rutamycin,
      whereas A20668 C is less effective. Concentrations of A20668 slightly greater
      than required for complete inhibition of phosphoryl transfer stimulate rapid,
      uncoupled respiration by mitochondria under State 3 of 4 conditions. A20668 A and
      B are more effective uncouplers than A20668 C. In the presence of venturicidin or
      ossamycin, concentrations of A20668, which alone do not uncouple, stimulate
      oxygen consumption of mitochondria incubated under either State 3 of 4
      conditions. A20668 uncoupling is not potentiated by prior inhibition of
      phosphoryl transfer by venturicidin X, rutamycin, aurovertin, or efrapeptin.
      A20668 increases mitochondrial permeability to protons in passive swelling
      experiments where facilitation of proton conductance correlates well with potency
      to uncouple. A20668 apparently binds initially at a unique locus to inhibit
      mitochondrial phosphoryl transfer reactions. When this site is saturated,
      additional antibiotic may uncouple by increasing proton conductance of
      mitochondria. Binding of venturicidin or ossamycin appears to interfere with the
      binding of A20668 to its adjacent inhibitory site, thus effectively increasing
      the concentration of A20668 available to uncouple.

PMID- 165183
TI  - Glycerol as an agent eliciting small conformational changes in alcohol
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase is an example of a protein in which the K-m for
      substrate is substantially decreased by the presence of glycerol. The polyol has
      the effect at pH 8.0 or above of decreasing K-m and K-s for substrate and of
      altering both the protein's intrinsic fluorescence and ultraviolet absorption
      difference spectrum. The relationship between each of thse parameters and
      glycerol concentration displays a transition at a glycerol concentration of 20%.
      Circular dichroism values for the enzyme are not affected by glycerol over a
      large range of concentration and temperature. Treatment of the enzyme with
      glutaraldehyde results in the formation of cross-linked tetramers, the K-m of
      which are not altered by the presence of the solvent. The data are interpreted as
      reflecting a change in the conformation of the protein induced by glycerol.

PMID- 165184
TI  - Human chorionic gonadotropin. V. Tissue specificity of binding and partial
      characterization of soluble human chorionic gonadotropin-receptor complexes.
AB  - An in vivo human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-receptor complex was solubilized
      from the subcellular fraction of ovarian and testicular tissues of rats that had
      been injected with 125-I-labeled hCG. The soluble hCG-receptor complex was
      partially characterized by Sepharose 6B chromatography in the presence of the
      nonionic detergent, Emulphogene, and was shown to have a molecular size of about
      65 A. By this method it was also shown that the in vivo uptake of radioactivity
      by rat gonadal tissues represents 125-I-hCG and not the dissociated subunits or
      degradation products of the hormone. A soluble hCG-receptor complex isolated in
      vitro in approximately the same yield from both rat testicular and ovarian
      homogenates was shown to be the same size. The hCG-receptor appears to be
      specifically located in gonadal tissue; a corresponding hCG-receptor complex was
      not obtained from liver or kidney that incorporated significant levels of 125-I
      hCG administered in vivo. Furthermore, a desialyzed hCG-receptor complex was
      obtained from rat testis but not liver; desialyzed hCG, like other desialyzed
      glycoproteins, is nonspecifically bound by rat liver homogenates. The binding of
      hCG and luteinizing hormone (LH) by rat testis receptor exhibits a high degree of
      specificity. Other glycoprotein hormones without LH activity, such as follicle
      stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone, and glycoproteins such as
      fetuin or alpha1-acid glycoprotein do not bind to the hCG/LH receptors.
      Desialyzed hCG was 2 times more effective in competing for binding to rat testis
      receptors than "native" hCG, indicating that caution must be exercised when the
      radioligand receptor assay is utilized to assay hCG preparations varying in
      sialic acid content.

PMID- 165185
TI  - Insulin and epidermal growth factor. Human fibroblast receptors related to
      deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and amino acid uptake.
AB  - Receptors for insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been studied in
      confluent cultured intact human fibroblast monolayers. 125-I-EGF binds
      specifically to fibroblast monolayers. Half-maximal binding is observed at 4
      times 10 minus 10 M EGF; at saturation of binding approximately 4 times 10-4
      molecules of EGF are bound per cell. 125-I-Insulin is also bound specifically by
      intact monolayers with half-maximal binding observed at 10 minus 9 M insulin;
      about 4 times 10-3 molecules of insulin are bound per cell at saturation. Both
      insulin and EGF stimulate thymidine incorporation and alpha-aminoisobutyrate
      uptake. A half-maximal effect for insulin is observed at about 10 minus 9 M, both
      for the stimulation of thymidine incorporation and for the stimulation of alpha
      aminoisobutyrate uptake; for EGF, half-maximal stimulation of both thymidine
      incorporation and alpha-aminoisobutyrate uptake is observed at 10 minus 10 M EGF.
      EGF causes an apparent greater stimulation of thymidine incorporation than does
      insulin, whereas the stimulation of alpha-aminoisobutyrate uptake is the same for
      both insulin and EGF. The degree of stimulation of alpha-aminoisobutyrate uptake
      by either insulin or EGF varied (1.2- to 2-fold) from one batch of cells to
      another, as did the measured values of the apparent K-m (average value 1 mM,
      range 0.6 to 2 mM) and V-max (average, 0.82, range 0.78 to 0.87 nmol/100 mug of
      protein per min) for alpha-aminoisobutyrate. Nonetheless, the apparent K-m of
      each peptide for stimulation of alpha-aminoisobutyrate uptake was independent of
      the degree of increase in alpha-aminoisobutyrate uptake, and was constant from
      one batch of cells to another. The peptide-mediated stimulation of alpha
      aminoisobutyrate uptake can be attributed to a decrease in the apparent K-m for
      alpha-aminoisobutyrate (e.g. for insulin) from 0.70 to 0.57 mM; for EGF from 0.87
      to 0.66 mM) and a concomitant increase in the apparent V-max for alpha
      aminoisobutyrate (e.g. for insulin from 0.78 to 0.87 and for EGF from 0.80 to
      0.84 nmol/min/100 mug of cell protein). The stimulation requires a 40- to 60-min
      period of preincubation with either peptide and is blocked by pretreating cells
      with cycloheximide. In the presence of ouabain, both peptides inhibit rather than
      stimulate alpha-aminoisobutyrate uptake; ouabain lowers the basal rate of alpha
      aminoisobutyrate uptake. The uptake of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose is not affected by
      either EGF or insulin under conditions where insulin stimulates fat cell
      transport. These observations indicate that cultured human fibroblasts possess
      specific binding sites for insulin and EGF, which sites can be related to two
      actions of the peptides: stimulation of thymidine incorporation and alpha
      aminoisobutyrate uptake.

PMID- 165186
TI  - Kinetic demonstration of the intermediate role of aminoacyl-adenylate-enzyme in
      the formation of valyl transfer ribonucleic acid.
AB  - The question whether aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases act in a stepwise or in a
      concerted mechanism has been investigated kinetically with the valine enzyme of
      Escherichia coli, which had been used in previous studies by others who concluded
      that the physiological mechanism is concerted. An exchange between aminoacyl-tRNA
      and tRNA, dependent upon AMP, was studied. PP-i inhibits this exchange completely
      in the presence of Mg2+ and AMP but in the absence of added Mg2+ or with dAMP as
      the nucleotide the inhibition by PP-i is only partial; this is compatible with a
      stepwise, not a concerted, reaction. Exchange of isotopically labeled substrates
      in a system at chemical equilibrium also shows effects of substrate
      concentrations on rates in agreement with the predictions of a stepwise
      mechanism.

PMID- 165187
TI  - The role of polyamines in the aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase
      reactions. Demonstration of the requirement for magnesium ion and a secondary
      stimulatory effect of spermine.
AB  - Spermine and related polyamines have been reported to substitute for Mg2+ in the
      aminoacylation of tRNA catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, but not in the
      ATP-PP-i exchange reaction. Such observations have led some workers to propose
      that these reactions proceed via a concerted mechanism rather than the usual two
      step mechanism involving an aminoacyladenylate intermediate. In an attempt to
      elucidate the mechanism of the spermine effect on acylation and exchange, both
      reactions were re-examined using isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli.
      In the absence of added Mg2+ untreated tRNA was acylated in the presence of
      spermine, but tRNA from which Mg2+ had been scrupulously removed was not. ATP-PP
      i exchange was not observed when spermine was used in place of Mg2+; however, if
      tRNA possessing sequestered Mg2+ was added, the exchange reaction was observed.
      These data suggest that a primary effect of spermine is to displace bound Mg2+
      from tRNA in quantities sufficient to promote both the ATP-PP-i exchange and
      esterification of tRNA. The previously reported stimulatory effects of polyamines
      on these reactions are believed to be artifacts due to Mg2+ contamination of
      tRNA. Providing trace levels of Mg2+ are present, spermine exerts a secondary
      stimulation of the rate of aminoacylation, the mechanism of which is unknown. The
      results presented refute arguments that these enzymes proceed by a concerted
      mechansim and support the intermediacy of aminoacyladenylates.

PMID- 165188
TI  - The primary nucleotide sequence of nuclear U-2 ribonucleic acid. The 5'-terminal
      portion of the molecule.
AB  - The nuclear U-2 RNA which is highly modified (Reddy, R., Ro Choi, T.S., Henning,
      D., Shibata, H., Choi, Y.C., and Busch H. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 7245-7250)
      contains 13 pseudouridylic acid residues, 10 2'-O-methylated nucleotides and two
      modified bases including N-2,2, 7-trimethyl guanylic acid in its 5'-terminal
      portion (69 nucleotides). With the determination of this sequence and its overlap
      with the 3' portion of the molecule (nucleotides 70 to 196), the over-all
      nucleotide sequence of this RNA is:(see article). The concentration of modified
      nucleotides in its 5' portion is greater than for any RNA sequenced thus far.

PMID- 165189
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of U-2 ribonucleic acid. The sequence of the 5'-terminal
      oligonucleotide.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences were determined for the 5'-oligonucleotides obtained by
      complete pancreatic RNase digestion (P25) and complete T1 RNase digestion (T27)
      of U-2 RNA. Complete digestion of oligonucleotide P25 with snake venom
      phosphodiesterase produced pm3 2,2,7G, pAm, pUm, and pCp in approximately
      equimolar ratios. Partial digestion of these oligonucleotides with snake venom
      phosphodiesterase produced -Um-C-Gp and pAm-Um, indicating the sequence of the 3'
      terminal portion of the 5'-oligonucleotide is pAm-Um-C-Gp. The 5'-terminal
      oligonucleotide did not contain a 5'-phosphate and no free nucleoside was
      released from the 5' end by venom phosphodiesterase digestion. Since free pm3
      2,2,7G was released by digestion with nucleotide pyrophosphatase and limited
      digestion with snake venom phosphodiesterase, this nucleotide is apparently
      linked to pAm in a pyrophosphate linkage. Mass spectrometry and thin layer
      chromatography in borate systems showed the ribose of m3 2, 2, 7G contains no 2'O
      methyl residue. Moreover, the finding that the ribose of m3 2, 2, 7G was oxidized
      by NaIO4 and reduced by KB3H4 in intact U-2 RNA rules out other linkages
      involving the 2' and 3' positions. Accordingly, it is concluded that the
      structure of the 5'-terminal pentanucleotide of U-2 RNA is(see article).

PMID- 165190
TI  - A kinetic analysis of the estrogen receptor transformation.
AB  - The rate of the 4 to 5 S estrogen-binding protein (EBP) in vitro transformation
      was measured by sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis. The temperature
      activated 4 to 5 S EBP transformation is found to be highly reproducible without
      loss of [3H]estradiol-binding activity in a buffer containing an excess of
      [3H]estradiol, 40 mM Tris, 1 mM dithiothreitol, and 1 M urea at pH 7.4. The
      presence of [3H]estradiol is necessary for the 4 to 5 EBP transformation. A
      kinetic analysis of the 4 to 5 EBP transformation shows that it is a bimolecular
      reaction, the dimerization of the 4 S EBP with a second (similar or dissimilar)
      monomer or subunit. In buffers containing 0.4 M KCl the apparent second order
      rate constant is 2.3 plus or minus 0-2 times 10-7 M minus 1 min minus 1 at 28
      degrees. The reaction is independent of the initial receptor concentration,
      suggesting that the 4 S EBP is dissociated into monomeric units in buffers of
      high ionic strength. In buffers without KCl or with 0.1 M KCl the apparent second
      order rate constant of receptor transformation increases with decreasing receptor
      concentration. This suggests that the 4 S EBP is associated weakly with another
      macromolecule (or macromolecules) in buffers of low ionic strength. The rate of 4
      to 5 S EBP transformation shows a 200-fold increase between 0 and 35 degrees. The
      Arrhenius energy of activation is 21.3 kcal mol minus 1 in buffer without KCl and
      19.1 kcal mol minus 1 in buffer with 0.4 M KCl. Following the temperature
      activated dimerization, the avidity of binding between the 4 S EBP and its
      complementary subunit is increased, 0.4 M KCl can no longer cause dissociation,
      and the 5 S EBP dimer appears. This kinetic analysis indicates that the avidity
      of binding between the subunits of the estrogen receptor is modulated by
      estradiol, temperature, and ionic strength. We propose that these interactions of
      the estrogen receptor's subunits reflect conformational changes involved in
      receptor activation.

PMID- 165192
TI  - Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-nitrate reductase of Chlorella
      vulgaris. Purification, prosthetic groups, and molecular properties.
AB  - NADH:nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) from Chlorella vulgaris has been purified 640
      fold with an over-all yield of 26% by a combination of protamine sulfate
      fractionation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel chromatography, density
      gradient centrifugation, and DEAE-chromatography. The purified enzyme is stable
      for more than 2 months when stored at minus 20 degrees in phosphate buffer (pH
      6.9) containing 40% (v/v) glycerol. After the initial steps of the purification,
      a constant ratio of NADH:nitrate reductase activity to NADH:cytochrome c
      reductase and reduced methyl viologen:nitrate reductase activities was observed.
      One band of protein was detected after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the
      purified enzyme. This band also gave a positive stain for heme, NADH
      dehydrogenase, and reduced methyl viologen:nitrate reductase. One band,
      corresponding to a molecular weight of 100, 000, was detected after sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme contains FAD,
      heme, and molybdenum in a 1:1:0.8 ratio. One "cyanide binding site" per
      molybdenum was found. No non-heme-iron or labile sulfide was detected. From a dry
      weight determination of the purified enzyme, a minimal molecular weight of 152,
      000 per molecule of heme or FAD was calculated. An s20, w of 9.7 S for nitrate
      reductase was found by the use of sucrose density gradient centrifugation and a
      Stokes radius of 89 A was estimated by gel filtration techniques. From these
      values, and the assumption that the partial specific volume is 0.725 cc/g, a
      molecular weight of 356, 000 was estimated for the native enzyme. These data
      suggest that the native enzyme contains a minimum of 2 molecules each of FAD,
      heme, and molybdenum and is composed of at least three subunits.

PMID- 165191
TI  - Cytochrome synthesis in synchronous cultures of the yeast, Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - The synthesis of cytochromes aa3, b, and c has been investigated during
      synchronous growth in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These cytochromes
      increase in concentration continuously throughout each cell cycle, with an
      approximate doubling in rate during successive cycles. The rates of cytochrome
      formation are considerably higher in galactose-grown cultures than in cells grown
      in glucose. Although cytochrome aa3 increases at a continuous rate, its
      functional counterpart, cytochrome c oxidase, increases in stepwise fashion, with
      the increments occurring at the beginning of each new cell cycle.
      Chloramphenicol, a specific inhibitor of intramitochondrial protein synthesis,
      inhibits the formation of cytochrome aa3 at all stages of the cell cycle, but
      does not inhibit cytochrome c. Chloramphenicol exhibits a somewhat intermediate
      effect on cytochrome b synthesis, with transient inhibition occurring only when
      the drug is added prior to or during the initial part of the first cell cycle.
      After this time, chloramphenicol had no effect on the rate of cytochrome b
      synthesis. The data indicate that under our conditions of cell synchrony
      mitochondrial membrane formation as reflected by increments in mitochondrial
      cytochromes occurs by continuous accretion of new material throughout the cell
      cycle. Intramitochondrially synthesized polypeptide products, responsible for the
      formation of new cytochrome aa3, appear to be synthesized throughout the cell
      cycle.

PMID- 165193
TI  - Progesterone binding components of chick oviduct. X. Purification by affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - Cytoplasmic progesterone receptors of chick oviduct have been purified in 8%
      yield by steroid affinity and ion exchange chromatography. The affinity resin,
      deoxycorticosterone-bovine serum albumin-Sepharose, binds progesterone receptors
      with high affinity (KD equals 8 times 10-minus 10 M) and its use resulted in a
      greater than 2000-fold purification over the starting material in a single step.
      DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography was then used to achieve final purification. NA
      dodecyl-SO4 gel electrophoresis and DEAE-cellulose chromatography showed that the
      purified receptors contained both of the previously described 4 S progesterone
      binding components in near equal amounts. Na dodocyl-SO4 gel electrophoresis also
      showed that these components consisted of single polypeptide chains with
      molecular weights of 110, 000 (A component) and 117, 000 (B component). There was
      no evidence for subunits of lower molecular weight. The purified materials have
      identical hormone-binding kinetics and steroid specificity to crude cytosol
      receptors. The isolated receptors retain the three biologically important
      properties exhibited by progesterone binding components present in cruder
      preparations: they bind specifically to (a) nuclei (KD equals 1.1 times 10-minus
      9 M, 10, 000 sites per nucleus); (b) chromatin (KD equals 3 times 10-minus 9 M,
      2000 sites per pg of DNA-);and (C) DNA.

PMID- 165194
TI  - Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. IV. Regulation by phosphate esters.
AB  - The stimulation or inhibition of ribulose diphosphate oxygenase by a variety of
      compounds is compared with the reported effects on these compounds on the
      ribulose diphosphate carboxylase activity. A possible transition state analog of
      ribulose diphosphate, 2-carboxyribitol 1, 5-diphosphate, at a molar ratio of
      inhibitor to enzyme of 10 to 1, irreversibly inactivates the oxygenase and
      carboxylase activities. This is consistent with the hypothesis that there may be
      a single active site for both the carboxylase and oxygenase activities. Several
      compounds of the reductive pentose photosynthetic carbon cycle act as effectors
      of the ribulose diphosphate oxygenase in a manner complementary to their reported
      effect upon the carboxylase. Ribose 5-phosphate inhibits the oxygenase with an
      apparent Ki of 1.8 mM, but it is reported to activate the carboxylase; fructose 6
      phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate act similarly but are less effective than
      ribose 5-phosphate. Fructose 1. 6-diphosphate stimulates the oxygenase at low
      magnesium ion concentrations. The stimulatory effect of 6-phosphogluconate on the
      oxygenase is associated with a 3-fold reduction of the Km (Mg2+). ATP inhibits
      the oxygenase but has been reported to stimulate the carboxylase; pyrophosphate
      acts in an opposite manner. From these results it appears that the ratio of
      carboxylase to oxygenase activity may be a variable factor with predictable
      subsequent alteration in the ratio between photosynthetic CO2 fixation and
      photorespiration.

PMID- 165195
TI  - Nucleolar changes in liver before the onset of deoxyribonucleic acid replication.
AB  - A mixture of chemicals was previously devised (3, 3', 5'-triiodo-L-thyronine,
      amino acids, a butyryl derivative of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate,
      theophylline, and heparin) that induces nuclear DNA replication in the liver of
      the unoperated rat (Short, J., Tsukada, K., Rudert, W.A. 7 Lieberman, I. (1975)
      J. Biol. Chem. 250, 3602-3606). The stimulation of DNA synthesis with the
      complete solution is greater than the sum of the responses to the thyroid hormone
      alone and to a mixture of the remaining components of the inductive solution
      alone. The effects of the complete mixture and of parts of it on three parameters
      involving the hepatocyte nucleolus have now been examined in intact animals. The
      complete solution increases the level of RNA polymerase I (measured with isolated
      nuclei), the rate of ribosome synthesis, and the total volume of nucleoli per
      nucleus. Nucleolar hypertrophy is unique among the three changes in showing a
      requirement, just as for DNA synthesis, for all or almost all of the components
      of the complete mixture, including the thyroid hormone, for a maximal effect.
      Enlargement of nucleoli is detectable as early as 2 hours after the start of
      treatment with the complete mixture and a large proportion of the total
      hepatocyte population is involved. Hypertrophy is accompanied by an increase in
      nucleolar RNA content. N2-Monobutyryl cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate is not
      able to substitute for the cyclic adenine nucleotide.

PMID- 165196
TI  - Superoxide production and electron transport in mitochondrial oxidation of
      dihydroorotic acid.
AB  - Production of superoxide radical during oxidation of dihydroorotate in rat liver
      mitochondria was not affected by antimycin A, thenoyltrifluoroacetone, or added
      ubiquinone but was inhibited by orotate, a product inhibitor of dihydroorotate
      dehydrogenase. It appears likely that superoxide is generated at the primary
      dehydrogenase. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase differs from succinate dehydrogenase
      both in its utilization of ubiquinone and in the mechanism of cytochrome b
      reduction. Thenoyltrifluoroacetone completely inhibits fumarate synthesis and
      reduction of cytochrome b by succinate. Formation of orotate is only partially
      inhibited by thenolytrifluoroacetone and the inhibitor does not prevent reduction
      of cytochrome b by dihydroorotate. It is proposed that several pathways exist for
      linkage of the primary dihydrorotate dehydrogenase with the electron transport
      chain. One route involves electron transfer from ubiquinone to cytochrome c and
      is inhibited by thenoyltrifluoroacetone. A second route bypasses ubiquinone and
      is inhibited by antimycin A. A third pathway utilizes both ubiquinone and
      cytochrome b and is partiayly inhibited by either thenoyltrifluoroacetone or
      antimycin A.

PMID- 165197
TI  - Synthesis of Superhelical Simian Virus 40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Cell Lysates*.
AB  - In vivo-labeled SV40 replicating DNA molecules can be converted into covalently
      closed superhelical SV40 DNA (SV40(I) using a lysate of sv40-infected monkey
      cells containing intact nuclei. Replication in vitro occurred at one-third the in
      vivo rate for 30 min at 30 degrees. After 1 hour of incubation, about 54% of the
      replicating molecules had been converted to SV40(I), 5%  to nicked, circular
      molecules (SV40(II), 5% to covalently closed dimers; the remainder failed to
      complete replication although 75% of the prelabeled daughter strands had been
      elongated to one-genome length. Density labeling in vitro showed that all
      replicating molecules had participated during DNA synthesis in vitro. Velocity
      and equilibrium sedimentation analysis of pulse-chased and labeled DNA using
      radioactive and density labels suggested that SV40 DNA synthesis in vitro was a
      continuation of normal ongoing DNA synthesis. Initiation of new rounds of SV40
      DNA replication was not detectable.

PMID- 165198
TI  - Requirement of a Cytoplasmic Fraction for Synthesis of SV40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid
      in Isolated Nuclei*.
AB  - About 50% of the SV40 DNA in the process of replication (sv40(ri) dna) completed
      replication in lysates of infected BSC-1 cells by conversion to covalently
      closed, superhelical SV40 DNA (SV40(I) DNA). Fractionation of the lysate into
      nuclear and cytoplasmic components blocked 99% of the synthesis of SV40(I) DNA in
      the purified nuclei. The reconstituted system, made by adding back the
      cytoplasmic fraction before incubation at 30 degrees, completely restored the in
      vitro level of SV40(I) DNA synthesis. Preliminary characterization of the
      activity found in the cytoplasmic fraction suggested it was a soluble, heat
      labile protein (or proteins) with a minimum molecular weight of about 30,000 and
      an active sulfhydryl group. The activity was present in both infected and
      uninfected monkey cells, and at a lower level in mouse, hamster, and human cell
      lines. Neither serum starvation nor cycloheximide treatment of cells diminished
      the activity in the cytoplasmic fraction. Purified cytoplasmic DNA polymerase
      from KB cells did not substitute for the cytoplasmic fraction which was required
      for elongation of newly synthesized DNA strands. In the absence of the
      cytoplasmic fraction, conversion of 4 S DNA into longer strands was inhibited,
      and SV40(RI) DNA appeared to be broken specifically at the replication forks.

PMID- 165199
TI  - Hydrophobic interaction of alkanes with liposomes and lipoproteins.
AB  - Human serum lipoproteins and egg yolk lecithin liposomes are able to solubilize
      large amounts of n-hexane and n-octane. At the maximum water solubility of n
      octane the mole ratio of alkane to lipoprotein was 65 for high density
      lipoprotein (holo-HDL) and 900 for low density lipoprotein (holo-LDL). Alkane
      binding to lipid-free apo-HDL is negligible compared to alkane solubility in holo
      HDL. Alkane solubility in the lipoproteins and liposomes is thermodynamically
      consistent with the simple soution of hydrocarbon in the hydrophobic regions of
      these particles. The unitary free energies of alkane transfer are similar to
      values previously observed for detergent micelles but are less favorable by 0.8
      kcal/mol from the free energy of transfer to liquid hydrocarbon. It is concluded
      that the thermodynamics of alkane transfer to the lipoproteins resembles that
      found for detergent micelles or liposomes rather than that anticipated for an
      "oil drop" (i.e. liquid hydrocarbon).

PMID- 165201
TI  - The use of Bordetella pertussis preserved in liquid nitrogen as a challenge
      suspension in the Kendrick mouse protection test.

PMID- 165200
TI  - Regulation of adenosine 3' :5'-monophosphate efflux from rat glioma cells in
      culture*.
AB  - Rat glioma cells grown in culture secrete cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP) into the culture medium following stimulation by beta-agonistic
      catecholamines. Agents which reduced cellular ATP levels such as valinomycin,
      oligomycin, and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibited cyclic AMP
      efflux. Secretion of cyclic AMP was also prevented by prostaglandin A-1 and
      pharmacological agents including probenecid and papaverine. Of the latter agents,
      only papaverine reduced ATP levels. These results suggest that the transport of
      cyclic AMP across animal cell membranes is energy-dependent and subject to
      regulation.

PMID- 165202
TI  - The use of spheroplast-derived strains to differentiate between Bordetella
      pertussis heat-labile agglutinogens and protective antigen for mice.

PMID- 165203
TI  - Symposium on hepatitis. Milan, December 1974. Summary and conclusions.

PMID- 165204
TI  - Lymphography of the thoracic duct. A new technique for improving visualization.

PMID- 165205
TI  - Pitfalls in the use of lead nitrate for the histochemical demonstration of
      adenylate cyclase activity.
AB  - The biochemistry of the lead histochemical technique for demonstrating adenylate
      cyclase was studied. The enzyme activity of fat cell plasma membranes, using 5'
      adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) as substrate, was completely inhibited at 1
      times 10- minus 4 M Pb(NO3)2 and yet at 4 times 10- minus 3 M Pb(NO3)2
      precipitate could be demonstrated by electron microscopy on both sides of plasma
      membrane vesicles. No lead-diphosphoimide or lead-phosphate precipitate could be
      visualized by electron microscopy when the lead was reduced to a level (2 times
      10- minus 5 M) which caused only 50% inhibition of the enzyme. A solubility
      product coefficient of 1 times 10- minus 10 M was found necessary to allow
      precipitation of lead-phosphate complex in the adenylate cyclase medium. Varying
      the ratio of substrate or dextran relative to the lead failed to protect the
      inhibition of the enzyme. Increasing concentrations of beta-mercaptoethanol
      restored the basal and stimulated activity of adenylate cyclase but also
      prevented the precipitation reaction. Lead at 2 times 10- minus 3 M caused the
      nonenzymatic hydrolysis of AMP-PNP, resulting in the production of small but
      significant quantities of cyclic AMP and substantial amounts of AMP. This
      hydrolysis was inhibited by alloxan but unaffected by dextran of NaF. The
      adenylate cyclase activity of pancreatic islet homogenates and of fat pad
      capillaries was completely inhibited by lead concentrations equal to or less than
      those used in histochemical studies (Howell, S. L., and M. Whitfield. 1972. J.
      Histochem. Cytochem. 20:873-879. and Wagner, R. C., P. Kreiner, R. J. Barrnett,
      and M. W. Bitensky. 1972. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69:3175-3179.). The
      present study shows that the lead histochemical method cannot be used for
      localization of adenylate cyclase because of the inhibition of the enzyme and
      artifacts produced by high lead concentrations and the inability to produce a
      visible precipitate at low lead concentrations which only partially inhibit the
      enzyme.

PMID- 165206
TI  - Calcium and pancreatic secretion. I. Subcellular distribution of calcium and
      magnesium in the exocrine pancreas of the guinea pig.
AB  - The distribution of calcium and magnesium has been studied in the acinar cells of
      the pancreas of the guinea pig. Most of the magnesium was found to be associated
      with the rough microsomes (probably bound to the ribosomes) and with the
      postmicrosomal supernate. In contrast, calcium was distributed among all the
      particulate fractions, primarily the mitochondria, microsomes (especially smooth
      surfaced), zymogen granules, and the plasmalemma, and was low in the
      postmicrosomal supernate. Most of the calcium recovered in the particulate
      fractions was found to be membrane bound. The highest concentrations were found
      in the membranes of the zymogen granules and in the plasmalemma. By means of
      control experiments using -45Ca as the tracer, it was established that a
      considerable redistribution of calcium occurs during homogenization and cell
      fractionation. At least some of the resulting artifacts were estimated
      quantitatively and the data were corrected accordingly. The biochemical results
      were confirmed with the cytochemical antimonate technique carried out on the
      tissue as well as on isolated fractions. The role of calcium associated with the
      zymogen granules and with their limiting membranes is discussed in relation to
      the architecture of the granule and to the functionality of the pancreatic juice.

PMID- 165208
TI  - The liquid chromatographic properties of phenothiazines.
AB  - The high-pressure liquid chromatographic behaviour of different groups of
      phenothiazines (drug substances) has been investigated on 10-mu m silica gel
      particles. Variation of the ammonia concentration between 0.5 and 1.5% in an
      isopropanol-diisopropyl ether (15:85) mixture permits the adjustment of the
      solvent system to fit the different basicities of the various groups of interest.
      While the capacity factors (k') for pairs of compounds in two homologous
      oxidation series vary considerably owing to differences in basicity, there is
      reasonably good agreement between the relative retention (alphs) values. This
      fact can be utilized in order to identify phenothiazine homologues of series that
      have not previously been studied. Elutropic diagrams in connection with alpha
      values can be used to predict the chromatographic behaviour of new groups of
      phenothiazines.

PMID- 165207
TI  - Colchicine resistance in mammalian cell lines.
AB  - Colchicine-resistant variants derived from mouse and Syrian hamster lines are
      described. The resistant cells do not appear to be true mutants, since they
      appear at a high frequency, unaffected by treatment with ethyl methyl sulphonate,
      and are unstable in the absence of the drug. They are cross-resistant to other
      drugs, show a reduced rate of binding of colchicine in monolayer, and give
      extracts with colchicine-binding properties identical to those of the wild type.
      Thus the resistance is due to a permeability barrier. The naturally occurring
      resistance of the Syrian hamster line is specific for colchicine, and may be due
      to a specific permeability barrier. The Syrian hamster line is also shown to have
      an extra colchicine-binding pool.

PMID- 165209
TI  - Silica gel impregnated glass fiber paper chromatography for the separation and
      identification of prostaglandins.

PMID- 165210
TI  - Urinary excretion of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'
      monophosphate in normal children and those with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The urinary excretion of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine
      3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) was examined in 98 normal children and 46
      children with cystic fibrosis between the ages of 9 months and 18 yr. Diurnal
      variations in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP excretion were observed in subjects from
      either group, and peak levels of cyclic nucleotide excretion were generally
      observed during the period of 0700 to 2100 h. Excretion rates (mumol/day) of
      cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP increased significantly with age. When cyclic AMP and
      cyclic GMP excretion rates were normalized for urinary creatine, or body weight,
      the values declined significantly with age in both groups of patients. Cyclic GMP
      excretion normalized for body surface area also decreased with age, while the
      value for cyclic AMP (2.86 plus or minus 0.08 mumol/day/m2, mean plus or minus
      SE) was constant with age in both normals and cystic fibrosis children. With some
      comparisons of age groups there were significant differences in cyclic nucleotide
      excretion between normal subjects and children with cystic fibrosis. The
      differences noted were dependent upon the methods used to normalize excretion
      rates (urinary creatine, body weight, surface area, and the ratio of cyclic AMP
      to cyclic GMP excreated). In general patients with cystic fibrosis excreted
      greater amounts of cyclic GMP than did normals. The most striking comparison was
      the ratio of cyclic AMP to cyclic GMP excreted which was 9.09 plus or minus 0.50
      in all normal children and 4.41 plus or minus 0.32 in children with cystic
      fibrosis (P smaller than 0.001).

PMID- 165212
TI  - Radioligand receptor assay for urinary and serum hCG.
AB  - A radioligand receptor assay system for urinary hCG and serum hCG was developed,
      using 1100-2000 times g fractions of homogenates of pig testis. This method is
      specific for hCG and LH, and the limit of detection for hCG was 20 mIU, which
      could be significantly discriminated from zero at the 95% confidence level. A
      nonspecific inhibition reaction which exerts its influence on the assay system
      has been found in the urine and serum, and in performing assays for urinary and
      serum hCG, it was necessary to remove the inhibition reaction by diluting the
      urine more than eight fold or subject the serum to an extraction procedure. Since
      the hCG of normal pregnancy and trophoblastic neoplasia showed a dose response
      curve similar to that of the International Standard hCG, it became clear that
      these hCG could be assayed with this method. The potency ratio R/I measured by
      RRA and RIA of urinary hCG and serum hCG was different from those of normal
      pregnancy and trophoblastic neoplasia.

PMID- 165211
TI  - Reversible hypothyroidism in growth hormone-deficient children treated with human
      growth hormone.
AB  - Six children with human growth hormone (hGH) deficiency became hypothyroid during
      the course of their therapy with hGH. This was accompanied by a decreasing growth
      rate, clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism and decreased serum T4 concentrations.
      Three of the 6 patients returned to the euthyroid state, both clinically and
      biochemically, with cessation of hGH therapy, and reinstitution of hGH
      precipitated hypothyroidism again in 2 of the three. The patients who remained
      hypothyroid have evidence of multiple pituitary trophic hormone deficiencies
      while those who reverted to euthyroidism appear to have isolated hGH deficiency.
      Evaluation of thyroid function while on hGH showed low T4, free T4 and T3
      concentrations. The serum thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (TRH) was absent or markedly blunted in 4 of 6 patients while receiving
      long-term hGH therapy but was normal or exaggerated in all patients when tested
      before or after only 5 days of hGH therapy. These data indicate that exogenous
      hGH results in an inhibition of the TSH response to TRH. The mechanism of this
      inhibition is unclear, but we postulate that it may be mediated by somatostatin
      secretion in response to pulse doses of hGH.

PMID- 165213
TI  - Lack of correlation between gonadotropin and adrenal androgen levels in agonadal
      children.
AB  - To evaluate the relationship between the secretion of gonadotropins and adrenal
      androgens, patients with gonadal agenesis were evaluated by (a) administering
      human luteinizing hormone (hLH) for 5 days with or without estrogen pretreatment
      to agonadal patients who had prepubertal LH levels; (b) correlating circulating
      gonadotropin levels with adrenal androgens in 45 patients; and (c) comparing
      adrenal androgens with gonadotropins after long-term administration of estrogen
      or androgens. Results are as follows: (a) No alteration in serum concentrations
      of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), estrone
      (E1), testosterone (T), or in excretion of urinary 17-ketosteroid (17 KS)
      occurred after the administration of hLH. (b) No clearcut relationship between
      endogenous level of LH or FSH and DHA OR DHAS was demonstrated although a
      coincident increase of all hormones with age occurred. (c) Administration of
      estrogen to patients with gonadal agenesis did not affect their levels of DHA and
      DHAS although those patients given androgen developed higher DHAS, but not DHA,
      levels. Hence, increasing gonadotropin concentrations would not appear to be a
      primary etiologic factor in the maturation of the adrenal.

PMID- 165214
TI  - Relationship of bioassayable and immunoassayable plasma ACTH and cortisol
      concentrations in normal subjects and in patients with Cushing's disease.
AB  - Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were determined at 5-min intervals over a
      3- or 4-h sampling period in 2 normal subjects. Time spans studied were 10:00 AM
      1:00 PM, 4:00 PM-8:00 PM, 8:00 PM-11:00 PM, and 4:00 AM-8:00 AM. Similar sampling
      for 3 h, (onset 9:00-9:30 AM) was performed on 4 patients with Cushing's disease,
      3 untreated and 1 in remission following pituitary irradiation. Two of these
      patients were studied on 2 separate occasions. Plasma ACTH was determined by both
      immunoassay (I) and bioassay (B). Although in general, these studies demonstrated
      significant correlation between I-ACTH or B-ACTH concentrations and those of
      plasma cortisol, a striking finding in both subject categories was the presence
      of 30- to 50-min episodes during which marked rises in both I- and B-ACTH
      concentrations occurred without concomittant, or markedly diminished, increments
      in plasma cortisol concentrations. This could not be explained by biological
      inactivity of the ACTH, since a highly significant correlation was present
      between I- and B-ACTH concentrations at all times; r values ranged between 0.86
      and 0.98 for normal subjects, and 0.76 and 0.96 for patients with Cushing's
      disease. The lack of correlation in these episodes also does not appear to be
      secondary to an 11-beta-hydroxylase block, differences in the rate of change of
      plasma ACTH concentrations, lack of adrenal "priming" by prior ACTH or incapacity
      of the adrenal gland to further increase secretion. I/B ACTH ratios were similar
      in the normal subjects (1.42-1.64) and in the patients with Cushing's disease
      (1.27-1.47). "Apparent" ACTH half lives calculated from "peaks" of ACTH secretion
      were 7-12 min for I-ACTH and 3-9 min for B-ACTH in the normal subjects; and 9-13
      min and 7-9 min respectively, in the patients with Cushing's disease. Mean plasma
      ACTH I-and B-concentrations at comparable time periods were higher in patients
      with active Cushing's disease than in normal subjects. These studies also
      indicate that in Cushing's disease, the abnormality present resides in ACTH
      regulatory mechanisms, not in the nature of the ACTH secreted. Approximation of
      the total amount of immunoassayable ACTH secreted in one normal subject over a 24
      h period yielded a value of 73 mug. Total mug/h secreted in the 2 normal subjects
      were highest in the hour preceding awakening (6:30-7:30 AM; 12.9 and 12.2 mug/h);
      were 5.3 and 4.0 mug/h between 10:00-11:00 AM, and 1.4 and 1.7 mug/h between 9:00
      10:00 PM. In the 3 patients with clinically active Cushing's disease, apparent
      ACTH secretion between 10:00-11:00 AM varied from 19.2-34.3 mug/h, the magnitude
      of such secretion being positively correlated with the extent of increased
      adrenal cortical activity present.

PMID- 165215
TI  - The effect of melatonin on steroidogenesis by the human ovary in vitro.
AB  - Melatonin stimulated steroidogenesis in two compartments of the human ovary in
      vitro. In a corpus luteum of the menstrual cycle, melatonin increased
      progesterone synthesis in a dose related manner. Both serotonin and N-acetyl
      serotonin had no effect on progesterone synthesis. In the ovarian stroma,
      melatonin stimulated the incorporation of acetate-1-14-C into androstenedione.
      Binding of radioactive hCG by the corpus luteum was unaffected by melatonin. No
      specific binding of radioactive melatonin of low specific activity could be
      detected in homogenates of a human corpus luteum. These observations suggest that
      melatonin may directly modulate steroidogenesis in the human ovary.

PMID- 165216
TI  - Characterization of the glucagon receptor in a pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Glucagon activated adenylate cyclase in a homogenate of a pheochromocytoma over
      the concentration range 1 times 10 minus 8M to 1 times 10 minus 6M. Several other
      hormones including adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin, parathyroid hormone and
      histamine were without effect. The tumor glucagon receptor was characterized and
      found to be similar in several ways to the glucagon receptor previously reported
      in normal tissue such as liver and heart. One, the receptor specifically bound
      125-I-glucagon. Two, solubilization of the pheochromocytoma abolished glucagon
      activation of the adenylate cyclase. Three, glucagon-responsiveness of the
      adenylate cyclase was partially restored by the addition of phosphatidylserine to
      the incubations. One major difference was observed between the glucagon receptor
      in tumor tissue and that in liver and heart, namely, a marked lability in 125-I
      glucagon binding and adenylate cyclase activity. Within four days, despite
      storage in liquid nitrogen, 75% of the binding activity and all of the adenylate
      cyclase activity in the solubilized preparation were lost. The factor(s)
      responsible for this lability remains unidentified.

PMID- 165217
TI  - Measurement of the estradiol receptor in human breast tissue by the immobilized
      antibody method.
AB  - A simple immobilized antibody procedure for estradiol receptor detection has been
      applied to samples of human breast tissue cytosols previously assayed by the
      charcoal-dextran method. Good agreement between the two procedures was realized
      confirming the validity of the immobilized antibody assay.

PMID- 165218
TI  - The effect of alpha-MSH on plasma growth hormone, cortisol and TSH in children.
AB  - The effect of synthetic alpha-MSH injected intravenously in a uniform dose of 3
      mg was studied in 19 prepubertal children. A marked growth hormone (GH) response
      was seen only in 2 out of 8 constitutionally small children with a normal GH
      response to insulin and arginine stimulation. Three of of 11 children suffering
      from hypopituitarism with documented GH and other hormone deficiencies,
      unexpectedly, showed a significant rise of GH after alpha-MSH: all three had
      craniopharyngiomas. Alpha-MSH led to an increase of plasma cortisol in all except
      3 patients who had secondary adrenal insuffciency. The increase of cortisol after
      alpha-MSH and after insulin was of the same extent: but the hypoglycemia and
      stress responsible for the insulin effect were not observed after alpha-MSH. It
      is possible that alpha-MSH acts by an ACTH-like direct stimulation on the
      adrenals. There was no effect of alpha-MSH on plasma TSH or on blood glucose.

PMID- 165219
TI  - Relationships among the secretion of ACTH, GH, and cortisol during the insulin
      induced hypoglycemia test in the normal and obese child.
AB  - The behavior of the secretion of ACTH, GH, and plasma cortisol during the insulin
      induced hypoglycemia test on normal and obese children was studied. The secretion
      of the above-mentioned hormones was determined by calculating the integrals of
      the curves. The mean values of the integrals of the plasma cortisol and ACTH
      curves do not show any significant differences between the two groups of
      children. The mean values of the ratios between the integrals of the plasma
      cortisol and ACTH curves show a significant difference between the two groups (P
      smaller than 0.01). Since the mean values of the integrals of the plasma cortisol
      curves are practically the same in both groups, the difference in the above
      mentioned ratios refers to the lower values of the integrals of the ACTH curves
      found in the obese children. This enables us to make the hypothesis that in the
      obese child the function of the pituitary-adrenal axis, at least during the
      insulin test, does not differ from the norm thanks to the adaptation of the ACTH
      secretion to the greater sensitivity of the adrenal glands to this hormone. In
      both the groups examined there was no correlation between the secretion of ACTH
      and plasma cortisol, between ACTH and GH, and between plasma cortisol and GH.

PMID- 165220
TI  - Plasma growth hormone and slow wave sleep increase after interruption of sleep.
AB  - A comparison was made of plasma hGH and of sleep stages during one night of
      undistrubed sleep and one night in which sleep was interupted by an hour of
      enforced wakefulness folowing the end of the second NREM-REM sleep cycle in 8
      normal subjects. Plasma was sampled at 15-min intervals. HGH and slow wave sleep
      were both significantly increased in the two cycles immediately following the
      period awake compared with the same two cycles during nights of uninterruped
      sleep. The difference arose predominantly in the fourth cycle of the night, i.e.,
      in the second cycle after the sleep interuption. The findings are consistent with
      the belief that extra wakefulness brings additional sleep of high RESTORATIVE
      properties.

PMID- 165221
TI  - The effect of lergotrile on galactorrhea and gonadotropin secretion.
AB  - Lergotrile (Compound 83636), a specific inhibitor of prolactin release, was
      administered to 5 women with galactorrhea. Only 1 of the 5 had an elevated serum
      prolactin (hPRL) value, but Compound 83636 induced a decrease in serum hPRL in
      all cases. All patients had cessation of breast secretion within 72 days after
      initiation of lergotrile. LRH administration (100 pg) evoked a variable
      gonadotropin response before and during treatment with the ergot alkaloid. By
      contrast, serum prolactin values remained essentially unaltered after injection
      of LRH under the same conditions.

PMID- 165222
TI  - A specific, high-affinity, limited-capacity estrogen binding component in the
      cytosol of human fetal pituitary and brain tissues.
AB  - A macromoleclar component which binds 3H-estradiol with high affinity and limited
      capacity is present in the 150,000 x g supernatant fraction of pituitary,
      hypothalamus, cortex, and limbic system of both male and female human fetwses. 17
      beta-estradiol and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol effectively compete with 3H-estradiol
      for binding sites while testosterone, dihydrotes-tosterone, and cortisol do not.
      The binding component is different from sexhormone-binding-globulin. It is
      present in these tissues in relatively large amounts and it is tentatively
      identified as an estrogen recptor.

PMID- 165225
TI  - Mixed tumour of salivary gland showing histological evidence of malignancy in a
      cat.

PMID- 165223
TI  - The effect of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and derivatives on guanosine 3',5'
      monophosphate in human monocytes.
AB  - The effects of several putative mediators of inflammatory responses on the cyclic
      nucleotide content of mononuclear leukocytes from human peripheral blood were
      investigated. Incubation of mononuclear cells with 100 muM serotonin (a maximally
      effective concentration) for 5 min caused a five- to eightfold increase in their
      content of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)...

PMID- 165224
TI  - Fog fever in cattle: cytology of the hyperplastic alveolar epithelium.

PMID- 165227
TI  - Aphthous and herpetic lesions.

PMID- 165226
TI  - Effect of adrenalectomy and insulin insufficiency upon the adenosine 3', 5'
      cyclic monophosphate system of the rat mammary glands.
AB  - Effects of adrenalectomy and acute insulin insufficiency upon tissue adenosine
      3', 5' cyclic monophosphate concentrations, and adenyl cyclase,
      phosphodiesterase, and protein kinase activities were investigated. Adrenalectomy
      decreased intracellular adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate 53% and increased
      the activities of both adenylcyclase and phosphodiesterase. Cortisol therapy
      returned these to normal. During insulin insufficiency caused by anti-insulin
      serum, mammary adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate concentrations increased.
      The acute effects of insulin insufficiency and chronic effects of adrenelectomy
      suggest that insulin acts upon rat mammary glands to decrease and
      glucocorticoids, acting over longer term, to increase adenosine 3', 5' cyclic
      monophosphate concentrations.

PMID- 165228
TI  - A report on a consciousness raising group for women psychiatrists.

PMID- 165229
TI  - The effects of extended spaceflight on hematologic and immunologic systems.

PMID- 165230
TI  - Three cases of carcinoma of the colon in a "cancer family".

PMID- 165231
TI  - Comparative ultrahistochemistry of the adepidermal granules of Salmo irideus,
      Lebistis reticulatus and Hynobiuo tokyoensis. Enzyme digestive experiment for the
      epoxy-embedded sections;.
AB  - A comparative ultrahistochemical investigation of the adepidermal granules of
      Salmo irideus, Lebistis reticulatus and Hynobius tokyoensis was carried out using
      enzyme digestion methods on epoxy-embedded sections. The granules of S. irideus
      larvae were decomposed by periodic acid, and digested by lipase without periodic
      acid pretreatmenetection of the granules. The secondary postosmificated granules
      were digested by lipase as in S; irideus, but complete decomposition by periodic
      acid was not observed in this experiment; Both periodic acid and lipase changed
      the shape of the adepidermal granules of H. tokyoensis to suggest partial
      digestion, but it appeared that these granules show rather stronger resistance to
      periodic acid and lipase than those of S. irideus. The granules of H. tokyoensis
      were completely digested when the sections were treated sequentially with
      phospholipase C, neuraminidase and lipase.

PMID- 165232
TI  - Letters to the editor: A new method for adenosine triphosphatase adaptable for
      fluorescent and electron microscope application.

PMID- 165233
TI  - Inhibition studies of alkaline phosphatase in hard tissue-forming cells.
AB  - The effects of the alkaline phosphatase inhibitors levamisole and R 8231 on p
      nitro-phenylphosphatase, inorganic pyrophosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase
      (ATPase) activities in dentingenically active odontoblasts were studied. The p
      nitrophenylphosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase activities were inhibited,
      while 40% of the ATP-splitting enzyme activity remained under the assay condition
      used. This finding, togeather with earlier studies, indicates that at least two
      different phosphatase are active at alkaline pH in hard tissue-forming cells; on
      nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and one specific ATPase. The ATPase activity is
      uninfluenced by ouabain and ruthenium red and is activated by Ca-2+ ions.

PMID- 165234
TI  - Immunization interview survey in the Mongolian People's Republic.
AB  - An immunization interview survey was carried out in the urban and rural areas of
      Mongolia. The population sample interrogated comprised 1359 households with 6994
      household members, 3634 of them younger than 15 years. The data collection unit
      was a private household, where information on administrative, demographic and
      socio-economic items was obtained in addition to detailed information on
      vaccination histories. A fair number of individuals with a positive history was
      found among children aged 1 to 5 years; the highest rates were determined among
      preschool and school-children aged 5 to 9. Significant differences in vaccination
      rates were found between urban and rural dwellers, urban areas displaying a
      higher proportion of vaccinated children in the younger age groups and rural
      areas among school-age children. A significantly higher proportion of vaccinated
      individuals was found among children living in somons than those living in aimac
      centres. No significant differences were found between children attending child
      collective institutions and those educated solely at home. The immunization
      interview survey was specially directed toward obtaining an estimate of the
      vaccinated population segment with reference to age in demarcated areas and thus
      detecting "weak spots" requiring remedial action.

PMID- 165236
TI  - Reproduction of vaccinia virus (strain neurolapina) in rabbit blood leucocytes in
      vitro.
AB  - The determining factor in vaccinia virus reproduction is the initial pattern and
      subsequent development of the given cell populations, in relation to the
      infection multiplicity, interferon production and other factors. The sensitive
      cells in fresh suspensions may be the blood monocytes and the small lymphocytes
      are virus-resistant. In cultures, transformed lymphocytes (blast cells) and
      macrophages play the major role in virus reproduction. The macrophages are
      probably of greater significance for the production of infectious virus.
      Replication of virus antigen was initiated in the polymorphonuclear cells in
      exceptional cases only, and only in the presence of a larger infection dose.

PMID- 165235
TI  - Study of Pseudomonas haemolysin. II. Characteristics of Pseudomonas haemolysin.
AB  - Haemolysins of 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing different fractions
      [II, 2 + II, I + II + III] were studied. The production of specific antibodies
      was demonstrated making possible the immunoelectrophoretic record of the whole
      lysin and of the individual fractions. Tests on laboratory animals [mice,
      rabbits] showed a high degree lethal and dermonecrotic property of the lysin
      containing the fractions II + III and I + II + III.

PMID- 165237
TI  - Immunochemical and chemical studies on streptococcal group-specific
      carbohydrates.
AB  - Structural studies on the carbohydrates of Groups A, C,  and A-variant (AV)
      streptococci have utilized periodate oxidation, permethylation analysis, and
      immunochemical comparison of intact and periodate-oxidized polysaccharides. The
      data indicate that a similar 1,2- and 1,3-linked rhamnose chain is present in
      both the A and AV carbohydrates. The group A carbohydrate contains in addition N
      acetylglucosamine residues at nonreducing terminals, whereas the AV is a
      homopolymer of rhamnose. There is some evidence that Group Ccarbohydrate contains
      the same rhamnose chain, but structural comparisons to the A and AV carbohydrates
      are complicated by the presence of intrachain N-acetylgalactosamine residues.
      Periodate oxidation and permethylation analysis show that while approximately 50%
      of the N-acetylgalactosamine of the Group C carbohydrate occupies terminal
      positions, the remainder is present as 1,3-linked units. Removal of the
      nonreducing terminal hexosamine units from the Group A carbohydrate by periodate
      treatment significantly enhanced its cross-reactivity with AV antiserum, whereas
      no enhancement was observed after similar treatment of the Group C carbohydrate.
      The data indicate the presence of an alpha-1,3-linked N-acetylgalactosamine
      disaccharide at the nonreducing terminal of the Group C carbohydrate.

PMID- 165239
TI  - The isolation and partial characterization of neutrophil chemotactic factors from
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Heat-stable, chemotactically active peptides have been obtained from Escherichia
      coli culture filtrates. They range in size between 150 and 1500 daltons and are
      anionic at neutral pH. Free carboxyl groups but not free amino groups appear to
      be required for activity. The N-terminal group may be blocked. There do not
      appear to be internal aromatic or basic residues in the chemotactically active
      fractions. A highly purified, not completely characterized, fraction was found to
      contain aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, and glycine.

PMID- 165238
TI  - Control of proliferation in mitogen responsive human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes: restimulation of cells stimulated by sodium periodate.
AB  - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes are stimulated to a greater extent by sodium
      periodate when cells are incubated in medium containing human serum than when
      incubated in medium with fetal calf serum. NaIO4 STIMULATION CAN BE REVERSED BY
      TREATMENT WITH SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE BUT CELLS ALREADY COMMITTED TO DIVISION ARE NOT
      AFFECTED BY BOROHYDRATE TREATMENT. Maximal commitment to DNA synthesis of a NaIO4
      oxidized cell suspens-on occurs after about 28 hr of incubation in medium. The
      committal time after periodate stimulation is identical to that after stimulation
      with concanavalin A. Cells treated with periodate and then reduced with
      borohydride immediately after oxidation are refractory to further per-odate
      stimulation. Cells stimulated with periodate and then incubated for 6 hr before
      treatment with borohydride can be restimulated with periodate, indicating a
      turnover of membrane sites in the 6 hr period. Periodate-stimulated cells divide
      only once in response to the stimulation. The progeny of cells which were
      stimulated with periodate can be restimulated by treatment with either periodate
      or concanavalin A.

PMID- 165240
TI  - Thymus-dependent sensitizing processes involved in the induction of CNS disease
      in mice by parainfluenza type 1 virus.

PMID- 165241
TI  - Specific immunity and nonspecific resistance to infection: listeria, protozoa,
      and viruses in mice and hamsters,.
AB  - Specific immunity developed by mice against protozoan (Toxoplasma gondii and
      Besnoitia jellisoni) and bacterial (Listeria monocytogenes) infections was
      compared with nonspecific protection conferred by prior infections. The results
      indicated that homologous immunity protected mice from more than 10-5 LD50 of T.
      gondii or B. jellisoni, but from only 10-2 LD50 of L. monocytogenes.
      Heterospecific protection among these organisms was for 10-0.4 minus 10-1.2 LD50.
      In studies in hamsters specific immunity to protozoan (T. gondii and B.
      jellisoni) and viral (equine Herpesvirus type 1 and Oriboca virus) infections was
      compared with nonspecific protection conferred by prior infections with several
      heterospecific agents: T. gondii; B. jellison; equine Herpesvirus type 1;
      Oriboca, Ossa, vesicular stomatitis, yellow fever, and Newcastle disease viruses;
      L. monocytogenes; and the bacillus Calmette-Guerin strain of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis. The results indicated that homologous immunity in hamsters was
      effective against 10-6 minus 10-7 LD50 of T. gondii, B. jellisoni, equine
      Herpesvirus type 1, or Oriboca virus. Prior infection with Newcastle disease
      virus protected (probably by interferon induction) against 10-3 LD50 of equine
      Herpesvirus type 1. Heterospecific protection among other agents was for less
      than 10 LD50. This insignificant heterospecific protection in infections in which
      cellular immunity plays a role suggests that both the induction phase and the
      expression phase are specific.

PMID- 165242
TI  - Treatment of varicella-zoster virus infections with adenine arabinoside.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with complicated varicella-zoster virus infections were
      treated with adenine arabinoside. Of 14 patients with herpes zoster, 13 had
      malignancy treated with irradiation and cytotoxic agents or steroids. Although
      the duration of active vesicle formation in these patients ranged from two to 14
      days before therapy, no new lesions appeared after the fourth day of treatment
      with adenine arabinoside. Zoster encephalitis developed in one patient on the
      third day of treatment, and severe postherpetic neuralgia was seen in three
      patients. Of nine treated patients with primary varicella, six improved,
      including five with evidence of varicella pneumonia. Two of the three patients
      with varicella who died were immunosuppressed and had progressive viral pneumonia
      with persistently high titers of virus in vesicular fluid; the third pateint was
      a child with Reye's syndrome. Double-blind controlled studies will be necessary
      to demonstrate the efficacy of adenine arabinoside in the treatment of infections
      with varicella-zoster virus.

PMID- 165243
TI  - Cellular events in zoster vesicles: relation to clinical course and immune
      parameters.
AB  - The cellular responses in zoster vesicles was studied chronologically in 30
      patients, some of whom were compromised hosts with disseminated disease. Cell
      counts were low initially but rose abuptly later. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      predominated at all times in the vesicular fluid and in the cells adherent to the
      vesicle base. The abrupt rise in the number of cells generally coincided with an
      abrupt rise in the titer of vesicular interferon; both increases preceded
      resolution of local infection and cessation of cutaneous dissemination in
      disseminated disease, but the sequence of the increases was variable. The peak
      interferon titer correlated with cessation of dissemination better than did peak
      cell counts, and the timing of the local events contrasted with appearance of
      complement-fixing antibody, which commonly occurred after the resolution of
      disease. Possible interpretations are that a few sensitized lymphocytes may
      initiate the defensive response, produce interferon, and/or produce chemotactic
      factors that augment the polymorphonuclear response. The appearance of
      polymorphonuclear cells may be a nonspecific inflammatory response, or these
      cells or the deeper mononuclear infiltrate seen in biopsies may contribute to the
      rise in local interferon.

PMID- 165244
TI  - Cervical cytomegalovirus excretion in pregnant and nonpregnant women: suppression
      in early gestation.
AB  - Comparison of 659 pregnant and 202 nonpregnant women with similar demographic
      characteristics showed overall rates of cervical cytomegalovirus excretion that
      were identical (9.5% vs. 9.4%) and were surprisingly high, especially since 89%
      of the pregnant group possessed antibody to cytomegalovirus when admitted to the
      study. Prevalence of cytomegalovirus among gravidas was significantly lower
      during the first (1.6%) than during the third (11.3%) trimester. Thus, early
      pregnancy appeared to exert a suppressive effect on viral excretion that waned
      with advancing gestation. A similar but less significant occurrence was observed
      in the two groups with respect to viuria. Increasing age also appeared to
      suppress the virologic expression of cervical and urinary tract infection,
      whereas multiparity seemingly produced such an effect only in the cervix. Among
      both cervical and urinary excreters, a few shed virus thoughout pregnancy, and
      others shed virus intermittently; however, viral shedding most commonly began in
      late gestation and frequently continued into the postpartum period. Primary
      infection was not documented, and antibody status remained unchanged with the
      advent of viral excretion in most cases. Thus, reactivation of endogenous virus
      seems the most likely explanation for viral shedding in our population. Similar
      rates of isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in excreters and nonexcreters further
      argue against the other major possibility, venereal reinfection.

PMID- 165246
TI  - Organ culture of human aorta: prolonged survival with support of viral
      replication.
AB  - Organ cultures were established with use of human fetal aorta obtained after
      death; cellular elements were preserved in the cultures for periods of up to
      eight weeks, with maintenance of their in vivo tissue relationships.
      Histologically, these cultures preserve the three coats of the aorta, including
      an intact endothelial layer cells. The aorta organ cultures supported the
      replication of echovirus 11, herpes simplex virus type 1, adenovirus 2, and
      coxsackievirus B5 without the production of detectable gross cytoarchitectural
      degenerative changes. Coxsackievirus B5 and adenovirus 2 were excreted by
      infected cultures for prolonged periods of up to 12 weeks. This human fetal aorta
      organ culture system, with its long-term viability and capacity to support viral
      replication, provides a useful model for in vitro study of virus-aortic vessel
      interactions.

PMID- 165245
TI  - Cellular immune responses to Herpes simplex virus type 1 in recurrent herpes
      labialis: in vitro blastogenesis and cytotoxicity to infected cell line.
AB  - Cellular immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in 12 volunteers with
      recurrent herpes labialis was evaluated by means of two microassays. In the
      blastogenesis assay, lymphocytes were incubated with tissue culture cells
      persistently infected with HSV-1. Uninfected cells were used as controls, and a
      blastogenic index was calculated. The mean blastogenic index (plus or minus SD)
      for subjects with recurrent herpes labialis was 26.9 (plus or minus 8.3); the
      mean blastogenic index (plus or minus SD) in control donors with antibody to HSV
      1 was 13.4 (plus or minus 7.2). The difference between these values was
      statistically significant (t equals 4.154; P smaller than 0.001). In the
      cytotoxicity assay, cells of the same persistently infected line were used as
      target cells, and release of 51-Cr from these cells or from control cells served
      as the index of lymphocyte reactivity. Specific immune release attributable to
      HSV-1 averages 3.7% (plus or minus 1.8%) in subjects with recurrent herpes
      labialis, compared with 23.1% (plus or minus 9.8%) in controls (t equals 6.135; P
      smaller than 0.001). These data suggest a dissociation between mechanisms of
      cellular immunity, with enhanced lymphocyte blastogenesis but decreased
      cytotoxicity. Recurrent herpes labialis may thus result from subtle cellular
      immune deficiency involving at least one of the efferent mechanisms.

PMID- 165247
TI  - Enterotoxins of Escherichia coli and vibriocholerae: tools for the molecular
      biologist.
AB  - With the independent discovery in several different laboratories that Vibrio
      cholerae and heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxins activated an enzyme
      (adenylate cyclase) in small intestinal epithealial cells to cause an enhanced
      intestinal secretion mediated by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic
      AMP), a molecular mechanism was provided for these disease states. As agents that
      also elevate intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP in virtually every
      mammalian tissue tested, the enterotoxins are potentially invaluable tools in
      investigation of the molecular sequence of events of all cyclic AMP-related
      cellular phenomena. Cyclic AMP has been known for some time to be the central
      regulator in the cellular expression of the effects of hormones and has become
      known more recently as an agent that controls cellular growth by corrdinately
      influencing several biochemical processes related to rate of cell division.
      Successful application of the enterotoxins as cellular probes in the areas of
      regulation of cell division, determination of the reaction mechanism of adenylate
      cyclase, and elucidation of the relationship between prostaglandin and adenylate
      cyclase, both in this laboratory and in those of others, is reviewed.

PMID- 165248
TI  - [Seroepidemiological study of varicella-zoster virus by complement fixation
      reaction].

PMID- 165249
TI  - Demonstrable calcifications in carcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 165250
TI  - Tumours of the parotid region.
AB  - Fifty-eight operatively treated tumours of the parotid region are presented. Of
      the tumours 85 per cent were benign and 15 per cent malignant. The percentage of
      pleomorphic adenomas was 36 per cent. During five years of observation there were
      no recurrences of benign tumours. Operative complications consisted of one
      paresis of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve and one death due to
      bleeding and aspiration during the first postoperative day. Frey's syndrome
      occurred postoperatively in 26 per cent of the cases. It is emphasized that
      parotid tumours should be concentrated to centres where surgeons have sufficient
      experience with these cases.

PMID- 165251
TI  - Studies of rat liver microsomal diglyceride acyltransferase and
      cholinephosphotransferase using microsomal-bound substrate: effects of high
      fructose intake.
AB  - Radiolabeled phosphatidate and diglyceride were prepared bound to rat liver
      microsomes. These compounds were used as substrates in studies of diglyceride
      acyltransferase, cholinephosphotransferase, and CTP:phosphatidic acid
      cytidylyltransferase. Optimum incubation conditions for these reactions in
      microsomes from normal male rats are described. High fructose diets were fed to
      rats for 11 days; this resulted in an increased rate of neutral lipid formation
      from sn-glycerol-3-phosphate by liver microsomal preparations. This was
      attributed, in part, to a previously reported increase in liver phosphatidate
      phosphatase activity. The significance of this increase is supported by the
      finding of a fall in microsomal phosphatidate content and a doubling in
      microsomal diglyceride. In addition, diglyceride acyltransferase measured with
      microsomal-bound diglyceride was increased twofold with no equivalent change in
      cholinephosphotransferase activity. Such a change should result in preferential
      triglyceride formation from the increased microsomal diglyceride pool.
      CTP:phosphatidic acid cytidylytransferase activity was depressed by the high
      fructose diet. These combined alterations would lead to an accelerated hepatic
      triglyceride formation, a result found in vivo during high fructose feeding. The
      high fructose diet decreased slightly the total microsomal phospholipid content
      and markedly depressed phosphatidylethanolamine levels.

PMID- 165252
TI  - Mechanism of avian estrogen-induced hypertriglyceridemia: evidence for
      overproduction of triglyceride.
AB  - Relying on methods other than the determination of turnover rate of triglyceride
      from the curve of plasma triglyceride radioactivity after administration of
      labeled precursor, we have confirmed that the endogenous hypertriglyceridemia
      induced by estrogenization of the chick is accompanied by increased production of
      triglyceride. Chicks estrogenized with diethylstilbestrol became grossly
      hypertriglyceridemic and had elevated levels of plasma free fatty acid. Within 5
      min of administration of labeled palmitate, estrogenized hypertriglyceridemic
      birds converted approximately 10 times more plasma free fatty acid to hepatic
      triglyceride than did controls. In addition, 2 hr after intraperitoneal injection
      of [14-C]acetate or [U-14-C]glucose, the specific activity of very low density
      lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) of estrogenized birds reached or exceeded that
      of the untreated controls, and the rapid enrichment of the vastly expanded plasma
      VLDL-TG pool with labeled triglyceride further indicated that increased
      production of triglyceride occurs with estrogenization. Furthermore, [14
      C]acetate incorporation into VLDL-TG was calculated to be 1.6 and 6.6% of the
      injected dose in estrogenized birds compared with 0.1 and 0.2% in untreated
      birds. Increased production of plasma VLDL-TG was confirmed by a kinetic study of
      VLDL-TG metabolism, employing reinjected, endogenously prepared [14
      C]triglyceride-labeled VLDL. The fractional turnover rate of VLDL-TG in
      estrogenized hypertriglyceridemic birds was substantially less than that in
      untreated controls (0.32 plus or minus 0.03 vs 0.71 plus or minus 0.03/hr), but
      the total turnover rate was nearly 50 times greater (244 plus or minus 52 vs. 5
      plus or minus 1 mg/hr).

PMID- 165253
TI  - Lipid composition of plasma membranes from human leukemic lymphocytes.
AB  - The specific activity of adenosine 5'-monophosphatase and the concentrations of
      cholesterol, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and phospholipids were compared
      in the whole homogenates and in plasma membrane fractions in four preparations of
      human leukemic lymphocytes taken over a 1-yr period from a patient with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia. There was a 69.5-fold enrichment of the specific activity
      of adenosine 5'-monophosphatase in plasma membrane fractions. This enzyme
      appeared to be the best plasma membrane marker of all compounds studied. The
      increase in lactosylceramide concentration in the plasma membranes was 34.4-fold.
      It was significantly higher than that of glucosylceramide. The enrichment of
      glucosylceramide in the plasma membranes was similar to that of cholesterol and
      total phospholipids. The pattern of individual phospholipids in the plasma
      membrane fraction, as compared with the whole homogenate, was characterized by a
      decrease in phosphatidylcholine and an increase in sphingomyelin.

PMID- 165254
TI  - Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in primary hepatima.

PMID- 165255
TI  - Myasthenia gravis: a review.

PMID- 165256
TI  - Correlation of early murine leukemia virus titer and H-2 type with spontaneous
      leukemia in mice of the BALB/c times AKR cross: a genetic analysis.
AB  - Tissue extracts from 6-wk old mice of the AKR strain (H-K) show high levels of
      infectious murine leukemia virus, and these mice show a near 100% incidence of
      spontaneous leukemia. In F1 mice of the cross, BALB/c times AKR (H-2K/H-2K), both
      the occurrence of virus and the incidence of spontaneous leukemia are suppressed
      to very low values, due largely to the presence of the FV-1b allele inherited
      from the BALB/c parent. Mice of the (BALB/c times AKR) F-1 times AKR backcross
      generation were observed for possible correlations between virus expressions at 6
      wk of age, H-2 type and leukemia incidence. H-2 type showed at most a weak
      influence on the occurrence of infectious virus, but there was a very strong
      correlation between the level of virus expression and the occurrence of leukemia
      and a strong correlation between H-2 type and leukemia. In addition, there was a
      highly significant nonrandom distribution of virus-negative mice among the
      backcross litters, suggesting a maternal effect on virus expression.

PMID- 165257
TI  - Separation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. II. Enrichment of hapten-specific
      antibody-forming cell precursors.
AB  - Normal spleen cells were separated in dishes coated with thin layers of DNP
      gelatin or NIP-gelatin into binding and nonbinding cells and stimulated in vitro
      with DNP- and/or NIP-conjugated polymerized flagellin (POL). Hapten-specific
      unresponsiveness was induced in the binding cell population by melting the gel at
      37 degrees C or in unfractionated cells by pretreatment with soluble hapten
      gelatin and could be reversed by treatment with collagenase. A specific
      enrichment of anti-DNP and anti-NIP antibody-forming cell precursors (AFCP) could
      be demonstrated in the binding cell populations after treatment with collagenase
      in cultures with or without "feeder" cells. However, the response of small
      numbers of unfractionated and purified hapten-specific spleen cells was
      suboptimal even in the presence of mitomycin-treated or irradiated feeder cells.
      Optimal numbers of anti-DNP (anti-NIP) antibody-forming cells were generated by
      small numbers of normal or purified spleen cells in the presence of spleen cells
      depleted of anti-DNP (anti-NIP) AFCP. In this system the response of only 2 times
      10-4 purified hapten-specific cells was higher than the response of 10-6
      unfractionated cells. Purified DNP-specific cells responded only to DNP-POL but
      not to NIP-POL and purified NIP-specific cells responded only to NIP-POL but not
      to DNP-POL. The degree of enrichment of anti-DNP AFCP decreased with increasing
      numbers of binding cells. NIP3-gelatin layers bound four to five times less
      spleen cells than DNP2-gelatin layers and the enrichment of anti-NIP AFCP (about
      300-fold) was three times greater than the enrichment of anti-DNP AFCP (about 100
      fold). The immunological significance of hapten-gelatin binding cells which
      apparently failed to respond to antigen is discussed.

PMID- 165258
TI  - Neutrophil-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity: role of the peroxidase system.
AB  - A cytotoxic effect of human neutrophils on mammalian tumor cells is demonstrated.
      Cytotoxicity depends on the presence of intact neutrophils, phagocytosable
      particles, and a halide cofactor and is inhibited by azide, cyanide, and
      catalase. Neutrophils from patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency or
      defective H1O2 production are not cytotoxic, but activity is resotred by addition
      of purified MPO or H2O2 respectively. The findings support a mechanism involving
      the phagocytosis-induced extracellular release of MPO and H2O2 and their reation
      with a halide cofactor to damage the target cells.

PMID- 165259
TI  - Dissociation between mitogenicity and immunogenicity of TNP-lipopolysaccharide, a
      T-independent antigen.
AB  - Two models have been proposed to explain triggering of B cells by so-called "T
      independent antigen." Feldmann and Basten (1) proposed that the interaction of
      multiple repeating determinants on polymeric antigens with specific Ig receptors
      on the B-cell surface is sufficient to provide the signals for division of these
      cells and differentiation to antibody-forming cells. In contrast, coutinho et al.
      (2, and see review, 3) have claimed that there is only one signal, a mitogenic
      signal, receptors acting merely as passive focusing devices to localize the
      antigen on specific cells where it delivers a mitogenic signal resulting in
      differentiation to an antibody-producing cell. This model rests primarily on the
      demonstration that at high concentration all T-independent antigens they have
      tested are mitogenic for B cells (4-6). Compatible with this hypothesis are the
      observations that hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to remove the ester-
      linked fatty acids of the mitogenic lipid A component abrogates its mitogenic
      (7,8) activity as well as its ability, when substituted with the TNP hapten, to
      induce a T-independent anti- TNP response (9). However, alkali treatment of LPS,
      although not changing its antigenic component (8), may also modify the molecule
      physically or chemically which could account for loss of immunogenic properties
      (10). We therefore investigated other reagents which interact with LPS in a more
      chemically defined manner in an effort to clarify the relationship between the
      mitogenic and immunogenic properties of this molecule. Polymyxin B (PB) is one of
      a family of cyclic peptide antibiotics which are bactericidal for most gram
      negative bacteria. It prevents the lethal endotoxic activity of LPS (11, 12) and
      changes the physical structure of LPS (13). We report here that low doses of PB
      added to cultures of mouse spleen cells inhibit the mitogenic activity of TNP
      LPS, a T- independent antigen, and native LPS, but do not suppress the immune
      response to TNP-LPS. PB interacts with TNP-LPS and LPS causing a physical change
      in the molecule. In addition, polymyxin-treated LPS is no longer mitogenic. These
      results suggest a dissociation between the mitogenic and immunogenic properties
      of TNP-LPS.

PMID- 165260
TI  - [Clinical trial of polydexa in middle ear diseases].

PMID- 165261
TI  - ATPase and phosphatidylinositol kinase activities of adrenal chromaffin vesicles.

PMID- 165262
TI  - The subcellular localization of carbamylcholine-stimulated phosphatidyl inositol
      turnover in rat cerebral cortex in vivo.

PMID- 165264
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in guinea-pig cerebral cortical slices:
      studies on the role of adenosine.

PMID- 165263
TI  - Properties of thiamine di- and triphosphatases in rat brain microsomes: effects
      of chlorpromazine.

PMID- 165265
TI  - Repetitive stimulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate formation by
      adrenergic agonists in incubated slices from rat cerebral cortex.

PMID- 165266
TI  - Effect of neurotransmitters and prostaglandin E1 on cyclic AMP levels in various
      clones of neuroblastoma cells in culture.

PMID- 165267
TI  - Effect of collagenase on the release of dopamine and acetylcholine from slices of
      rat corpus striatum.

PMID- 165268
TI  - Control by Preynaptic Correlation: a mechanism affecting information transmission
      from Ia fibers to motoneurons.
AB  - 1. In the unanesthetized spinal cord of the cat, simultaneous intracellular
      recordings were made from two motoneurons belonging to the gastronemius motor
      nucleus. 2. Supramaximal iterative stimulation of small branches of the
      gastrocnemius nerve produced monosynaptic EPSPs (Ia EPSPs) of varying amplitude
      superimposed on a fluctuating base line. 3. In most cases the variance of the
      motoneuron membrane potential was increased above base-line levels with a time
      course approximately matching the Ia EPSP. This suggests that Ia EPSP
      fluctuations are greater than can be accounted for by the base-line fluctuations
      alone. 4. For a given series of Ia EPSPs, the smaller responses in the series had
      about the same decay phase as the larger EPSPs, suggesting that most of the Ia
      EPSP fluctuations were not due to systematic changes in postsynaptic conductances
      produced by ongoing activity, but rather to a presynaptic mechanism. 5.
      Simultaneous recording from two motoneurons showed that base-line fluctuations
      were positively correlated. In most cases, however, there was an additional
      increased correlation above base-line levels resembling the time course of the Ia
      EPSPs, indicating positive correlation between EPSP fluctuations which is
      attributed to a presynaptic mechanism. 6. Conditioning volleys to group I muscle
      afferents or to low-threshold cutaneous afferents reduced the variance of the Ia
      EPSPs and also their correlation in motoneuron pairs, often without changing the
      mean Ia EPSPs. 7. It is concluded that, in the unanesthetized spinal cord, in
      addition to the random process which governs transmitter release intrinsic to a
      given synaptic terminal, there is another stochastic process affecting, in a
      correlated manner, transmitter release in large sets of Ia synaptic terminals.
      Most likely, the correlation in transmitter release is achieved by membrane
      potential fluctuations imposed on the Ia terminal arborizations by ongoing
      activity of the segmental mechanism mediating primary afferent depolarization. 8.
      The effects of such a correlating influence on cell firing behavior have been
      analyzed. The results suggest that this mechanism, referred to as control by
      presynaptic correlation, is able to modulate the information transmitted from Ia
      fibers to motoneurons.

PMID- 165269
TI  - Receptive fields of cerebellar cells receiving exteroceptive input in a Gymnotid
      fish.
AB  - Single neurons in the caudal lobe of the cerebellum of the weakly electric fish
      Apteronotus albifrons respond to distortions in the normal electric field
      produced by the animal. Moving plastic or metal objects as well as a simpler
      stimulus, a moving electrical dipole, produce adequate distortions of the fish's
      field to cause the cerebellar cells to respond. The moving dipole stimulated
      small enough areas of the fish's skin, as determined by the responses of single
      electroreceptors, to allow maps of the receptive fields of single cerebellar
      cells to be produced. The receptive fields seen varied widely in complexity from
      relatively small excitatory or inhibitory areas to larger fields containing
      multiple excitatory and inhibitory areas usually bordering one another. Most
      cells studied displayed directional responses. Usually qualitatively different
      responses resulted from opposite directions of movement, and less frequently
      units were seen in which no response resulted from movement opposite the
      direction which caused responses; Varying the rate of stimulus movement caused
      only small changes in the responses of cerebellar cells; however, motionless
      stimuli applied over areas of skin known to respond to moving stimuli produced
      weaker responses of the appropriate sign for that area. Movement seems to be an
      important component of the stimulus for these cells. Cells were also seen which
      responded to visual as well as to electroreceptive input. Responses to each of
      these two modalities presented above were quite different. The cells recorded
      from frequently displayed burst discharges similar to those produced by Purkinje
      cells in other lower vertebrates, and most of the cells studied are believed to
      be Purkinje cells. A somatotopic relationship was found between the position of
      the center of a receptive field on the fish's body and the position of the cell
      in the brain. All of the results obtained are compatible with the hypothesis that
      the caudal lobe of the cerebellum is processing electroreceptive information
      related to object detection.

PMID- 165270
TI  - Analysis of postural motoneuron activity in crayfish abdomen. I. Coordination by
      premotoneuron connections.
AB  - The activity of the crayfish abdominal postural motoneurons and their associated
      neurons (the accessory neuron(s) and the MRO(1)) were examined with the aid of
      techniques for the analysis of simultaneously recorded spike trains. A means of
      reliably identifying the spikes of the individual motoneurons based on their
      relative axon conduction velocities is presented. The analyses show that: 1) the
      large, phasically active synergist motoneurons innervating muscles producing the
      same movement show a marked similarity in their average responses, which is
      independent of the input source; 2) the small, tonically active and the middle
      sized, tonicphasic synergist motoneurons innervating the same muscle and similar
      synergist motoneurons innervating antagonistic muscles are coordinated entirely
      by premotoneuron connections; 3) the accessory neuron is coordinated in its
      activity with the phasically active flexor excitor motoneurons and the extensor
      inhibitor motoneuron and thereby functions as a flexor synergist; and 4) the
      simultaneous presentation of flexion-producing and extension-producing inputs to
      the postural system results in a reciprocal oscillation in flexor-extensor
      motoneuron output. The functional significance of these results with respect to
      the operation of the postural system are discussed.

PMID- 165271
TI  - Analysis of postural motoneuron activity in crayfish abdomen. II. Coordination by
      excitatory and inhibitory connections between motoneurons.
AB  - The identified spike trains of the crayfish abdominal postural efferent neurons
      were recorded simultaneously from one or more segments. The efferent activity was
      analyzed using cross-correlation histograms, peristimulus time scatter diagrams,
      and specialized antidromic techniques. The analyses show that the larger,
      phasically active motoneurons are coordinated in their activity by cross
      connections made at the motoneuron level. The cross connections are both
      excitatory and inhibitor in nature and result in significant alterations in spike
      output. Further, the accessory neuron receives an inhibitory cross connection
      from a middle-sized extensor excitor motoneuron or motoneurons. In each case, the
      cross connections appear to be appropriate to the function of the postural
      system.

PMID- 165272
TI  - Experimental optimization of current source-density technique for anuran
      cerebellum.
AB  - This paper represents a systematic, semirigorous attempt to optimize the
      technique of current source-density (CSD) analysis experimentally. We compared
      different spatial differentiation formulas in terms of accuracy, aliasing, and
      smoothing, and provide experimental and theoretical rationale for their use.
      Sources of error have also been investigated. Expressions were derived to enable
      one to estimate the relative magnitude of errors due to electrical noise,
      uncertainty in tip position of recording electrodes, and error in the
      conductivity tensor. Corresponding experiments illlustrating the validity of such
      estimates are also presented. Methods to determine the optimum interelectrode
      spacing are given, based on computations of spatial energy-density spectra in the
      anuran cerebellum. The application of the technique of CSD analysis developed in
      this, and the accompanying paper, to the vestibulocerebellar input in the toad
      cerebellum provided significantly better temporal and spatial resolution of
      neuronal events than conventional field-potential analysis. Considerations
      germane to the optimum application of this technique to other neural structures
      are also discussed.

PMID- 165273
TI  - NADH fluorescence and [K+]o changes during hippocampal electrical stimulation.
AB  - 1. Short (2 s) trains of stimuli were applied to the dorsal hippocampal surface
      of cats, producing an increase in [K+]o and a decrease in NADH fluorescence (the
      latter being indicative of an increase in tissue oxygen utilization). 2. The
      [K+]o rose rapidly during stimulation (delta[K+]o values from 1 to 6 mM) with
      larger stimulus currents producing larger changes. The time course of the
      poststimulus decline of [K+]o was an exponential decay function, with T 1/2
      values varying from 1.3 to 6.9s, and independent of the magnitude of the
      delta[K+]o. Consistent undershoots of [K+]o occurred following stimuli causing
      less than 1 mM change in [K+]o. 3. The maximum depression of fluorescence and the
      time integral of the fluorescence changes following each stimulus train were both
      highly correlated with the total increase of [K+]o occurring during the stimulus
      train. 4. Application of several stimulus trains in close succession resulted in
      more rapid potassium reuptake following the later trains and an unusually large
      undershoot after the last train. Concomitantly, there was a progressive decrease
      in the fluorescence level. 5. When afterdischarges were induced by prolonged
      (less than 2 s) stimulation, larger and more sustained increases in [K+]o and
      decreases of fluorescence were observed, and there was some indication that
      afterdischarges were followed by accelerated reuptake of extracellular potassium.

PMID- 165274
TI  - Vestibular nystagmus and teleost oculomotor neurons: functions of electrotonic
      coupling and dendritic impulse initiation.
AB  - 1. Nystagmus in the horizontal plane is evoked in fish by mechanical stimulation
      of the ampulla of the horizontal semicircular canal or by electrical stimulation
      of the nerve from this canal. The movements are conjugate and the slow phase is
      away from the side of stimulation. 2. Medial rectus motoneurons were recorded
      from intracellularly, during nystagmus. During the slow phase (induced by
      ipsilateral stimulation), impulses arise abruptly from the base line and appear
      to arise at a distance from the cell body. During the fast phase (evoked by
      contralateral stimulation), impulses appear to arise from large PSPs that must be
      generated at or near the cell body. 3. In the curarized fish, stimulation of the
      nerve from the contralateral horizontal canal evokes spikes that arise from large
      EPSPs and that are blocked relatively easily by hyperpolarizing currents.
      Stimulation of the nerve from the ipsilateral horizontal canal evokes spikes that
      arise abruptly from the base line and that are much more difficult to block by
      hyperpolarizing currents. Little if any underlying PSP is observed when these
      impulses are delayed or blocked. Thus impulses evoked by stimulation of
      contralateral and ipsilateral side are initiated near to and far from the cell
      soma, respectively. 4. If impulses evoked by contralateral stimulation fail to
      excite the cell body due to injury, antidromic spikes are not occluded. Thus
      contralateral stimulation initiates impulses in the dendrites. 5. Cell bodies of
      neighboring motoneurons are coupled electrotonically, and graded antidromic
      stimulation evokes graded depolarizing potentials which result from electrotonic
      spread of spike activity from adjacent neurons. These depolarizing potentials are
      adequate to excite the cells in the presence of a background EPSP evoked by
      contralateral canal stimulation. In this manner coupling tends to synchronize
      cells during the fast phase of the nystagmus. 6. Antidromic responses of
      neighboring cells fail to interact with dendritic inputs to a particular cell,
      although indirect evidence indicates antidromic spikes invade the impulse
      initiating regions in the dendrites. Thus coupling between dendrites is
      negligible and dendritic inputs can mediate the smoothly graded movements of the
      slow nystagmic phase. Coupling between somata is too weak to cause significant
      interaction between dendritically evoked impulses (unless the cell bodies are
      depolarized by EPSPs). 7. Rhythmic firing can be recorded in a single presynaptic
      fiber corresponding to either the slow or the fast phase of nystagmus, but not to
      both. Oculomotor neurons appear to be "relay cells" that, during the fast phase
      of the nystagmus receive a synchronized synaptic input which is initiated in a
      higher level command nucleus.

PMID- 165275
TI  - Effect of exercise on tissue lipids and serum lipoproteins of rats fed two levels
      of fat.
AB  - Adult rats were fed a low fat (4%) or a high fat (40%) diet, and groups of other
      rats selected for good running were fed these two diets and were treadmill
      exercised 5 days a week for 6 weeks. The serum triglycerides were significantly
      lower in exercised rats fed the low fat diet, but not in those fed the high fat
      diet, as compared with corresponding controls. The liver lipids were vastly
      elevated in sedentary rats fed the high fat diet as compared with those fed the
      low fat diet. An interesting effect of exercise was reflected by the near normal
      liver lipid levels in rats fed the high fat diet and exercised. However, in these
      animals, the muscle concentration of cholesterol was significantly higher than
      that in all other groups. The very low density lipoproteins tended to be lower
      while the low density lipoproteins tended to be greater in exercised as compared
      with sedentary rats. It was suggested that the decline in very low density
      lipoproteins was due to decreased synthesis resulting from adaptive changes in
      the exercised animal. It was further postulated that the increase in low density
      lipoproteins was possibly due to increased synthesis necessitated by the need to
      enhance the catabolism and excretion of cholesterol in exercised animals.

PMID- 165276
TI  - Vitamin E deficiency in the rat. Cytoplasmic factors required for suppression of
      mitochondrial respiratory decline.
AB  - Liver cytoplasm from either vitamin E-deficient or normal rats has been shown to
      suppress mitochondrial respiratory decline induced by microsomes in vitro. The
      present study is an attempt to identify cytoplasmic factor(s) responsible for
      this suppression. The effect of cytoplasm from both groups of animals could be
      removed by trichloroacetate precipitation, boiling, and dialysis against 0.3 M
      mannitol-o.1 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.4, but not by aging or extraction with
      isooctane. The addition of oxalacetate of alpha-ketoglutarate plus asparate to
      cytolplasm potentiated the suppressant effect. Dialyzed cytoplasm was not
      effective in depressing the respiratory decline. However, the addition of NAD,
      osalacetate, or alpha-ketoglutarate plus aspartate to dialyzed cytoplasm restored
      its ability to depress the respiratory decline. When oxalacetate or alpha
      ketoglutarate plus aspartate was added to fresh cytoplasm, followed by dialysis,
      the effect of these compounds was not seen. These results suggest that
      cytoplasmic factor(s) required for suppression of the respiratory decline were
      enzymes of the malate shuttle and transamination, which are heat labile and
      trichloroacetate precipitable, plus the dialyzable metabolites that are
      associated with these enzymes in the generation of NAD in mitochondria.

PMID- 165277
TI  - Tall girls: a survey of 15 years of management and treatment.
AB  - In the past 15 years 450 girls have been seen because of concern about tall
      stature: 168 of them have been treated with stilbestrol to control the growth
      rate. Of the latter group 87 have been followed after treatment for a
      sufficiently long time to be sure growth had ceased and to provide the data for
      this report. At the onset of treatment the following data (mean values) were
      recorded: chronologic age, 13.0 years; skeletal age, 13.2 years; height, 172.9
      cm; estimated mature height 180.2 cm; and growth potential, 7.3 cm. At the end of
      treatment data of interest (mean values) were: reduction in final height, 3.5 cm;
      duration of therapy, 2.1 years; amount of stilbestrol given, 2.3 gm; age of last
      visit, 17.6 years. Side effects were minimal, though two girls developed
      parovarian cysts that required surgery during treatment. Not included in the
      series of 87, one additional girl was seen with a serous cystadenoma of the
      ovary, and one girl developed superficial venous thrombosis of the calf. Long
      term follow-up has revealed no late complications. It is concluded that estrogen
      can reduce significantly the growth rate of almost all tall girls, but treatment
      must be carried out under very careful supervision, bearing in mind possible side
      effects.

PMID- 165278
TI  - Letter Nesidioblastosis in Beckwith syndrome.

PMID- 165279
TI  - Combined immunodeficiency and vaccine-related poliomyelitis in a child with
      cartilage-hair hypoplasia.
AB  - Patients previously described with cartilage-hair hypoplasia, a distinctive form
      of short-limbed dwarfism, have been found to have deficient cell-mediated
      immunity with intact antibody-mediated immunity. The patient with cartilage-hair
      hypoplasia described in the present report is unusual in that she had both
      deficient antibody-mediated immunity and deficient cell-mediated immunity. In
      addition, she developed severe, vaccine-related paralytic poliomyelitis. This
      complication suggests that live viral vaccines should not be administered to
      children with short-limbed dwarfism until the form of short-limbed dwarfism is
      established and immunologic evaluation is performed when indicated.

PMID- 165280
TI  - Erythrocyte membrane alterations induced by Plasmodium simium infection in
      Saimiri sciureus: relation to Schuffner's dots.
AB  - The nature of erythrocyte membrane alterations in Plasmodium simium infections
      was determined employing light microscopy, carbon replication and transmission
      electron microscopy. Light microscopy of Giemsa stained preparations shows that
      infected cells initially acquire a faint stippling (schuffnerization) which
      becomes pronouced with subsequent parasite development. Enlargement of the host
      cell usually accompanied stippling. Both phenomena appear to depend on host cell
      age since infected mature erythrocytes were neither stippled nor enlarged. Carbon
      replicas show numerous indentations over the outer membrane surface of most
      infected cells. Their distribution suggests that they account for Schuffner's
      granules. The surface indentations are manifest as small infundibular which open
      to the infected cell's surface. Cytoplasmic microvesciles in the infected cell's
      stroma frequently are observed adjacent or catenated to the surface infundibula.
      Images suggest their funsion with the surface infundibula thus adding membrane to
      the cell's surface and accounting for host cell enlargement.

PMID- 165281
TI  - Reduction of blue tetrazolium by corticosteroids.
AB  - Pseudo-first-order rate constants were observed for the reaction of
      corticosteroid or corticosteroid esters with blue tetrazolium. The data indicate
      that the reactivity of corticosteroids is, in part, a function of their geometry
      in that corticosteroid reactivity toward blue tetrazolium increases with
      increasing planarity of the steroid molecule and that corticosteroid esters must
      be hydrolyzed as a necessary prerequisite to reaction with blue tetrazolium.
      Evidence is presented indicating that free radicals are not involved in the blue
      tetrazoliun reaction with corticosteroids. Certain pharmaceutically important
      compounds such as pyrocatechol derivatives and hydroquinone appear to reduce blue
      tetrazolium by the anion free radical mechanism proposed previously. A
      spectrophotometric method for determining the number of reduction units
      transferred to blue tetrazolium per molecule is described.

PMID- 165282
TI  - Cycloalkanones V: synthesis, distribution, and effects on triglyceride
      metabolism.
AB  - The 14-C-labeled 2,8-dibenzylcyclooctanone was synthesized to study its
      absorption, distribution, and excretion in rats. Maximum drug absorption from the
      GI tract occurred between 12 and 14 hr after administration. The major organs
      possessed maximum amounts of the drug in 1 hr, with the liver concentrating the
      most with 6.56% 14-C and the muscle mass reaching a maximum of 41% 14-C after 14
      hr. The drug remained in the GI tract over the first 6 hr and was associated with
      the lipid and glycogen fractions. Eighty-seven percent was eliminated in the
      feces after 72 hr. 2,8-Dibenzylcyclooctanone caused a significant reduction in
      vitro of dihydroxyacetone phosphatase acyltransferase and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate
      acyltransferase, which is the proposed mechanism for the observed in vivo
      reduction of hepatic, intestinal, and serum triglycerides and total
      glycerolipids. In vivo administration of the drug resulted in a depression of
      liver acid phosphatidyl phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lipase, and adipose
      lipase. The drug increased the rates of excretion of exogenous cholesterol,
      palmitic acid, and progesterone.

PMID- 165283
TI  - Effects of activity in single sensory fibres on the discharge patterns of dorsal
      spinocerebellar tract cells.
AB  - 1. Electrical activity of dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) was recorded
      extracellularly and intracellularly in Clarke's column nucleus. 2.Trains of
      impluses were elicited in DSCT cells by static stretch of the hind limb muscles,
      and the distributions of intervals between the impulses were computed. These
      distributions were essentially similar before and after impalement of the cells
      with the micropipette, suggesting that cell injury caused by penetration was
      insignificant. 3. Patterns of synaptic activity revealed that the DSCT cells
      examined were innervated by a limited number of muscle afferents. 4. In some DSCT
      neurons, all excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) elicited by a single
      fibre were suprathreshold, and e.p.s.p.s elicited by other afferents were usually
      subthreshold. These neurons discharge very regularly during muscle stretch, and
      the spike initiation followed nearly one-to-one relation in response to activity
      of the sensory fibre eliciting suprathreshold e.p.s.p.s. 5. The discharge pattern
      was irregular in other DSCT cells. In these cases, single sensory fibres evoked
      e.p.s.p.s. which did not always reach the firing threshold because of random
      fluctuation in their amplitude. 6. DSCT neurons often show low frequency
      discharges (about 10/sec) in the absence of sensory activation. In these
      conditions only small e.p.s.p.s. were detected (average, 0.53 mV) suggesting that
      the average membrane potential is very close (1-i mV) to the firing threshold. 7.
      It is concluded that the statistical properties of firing patterns in DSCT
      neurons activated by muscle afferents depend on (a) the large amplitude of
      e.p.s.p.s., (b) their firing threshold and (c) random fluctuations in the
      e.p.s.p.s. amplitude.

PMID- 165284
TI  - Depression and recovery of transmission at the squid giant synapse.
AB  - 1. The process of synaptic depression and recovery were studied in the squid
      (Loligo pealii) giant synapse with intracellular recording and stimulating
      electrodes in the prescence of tetrodotoxin (10-minus 7 M).  2. When the synapse
      was stimulated at 50 Hz, depression occurred rapidly.  Recovery after the tetanus
      was a first-order process with an average recovery time constant of 4-9 sec.  The
      rate of recovery was independent of the amplitude of the post-synaptic potential
      (p.s.p.) or the degree of depression.  3. For the first five to seven p.s.p.s in
      the train there was a linear relationship between depression and the total amount
      of transmitter previously released.  This may indicate that depression in this
      preparation was caused by the depletion of the presynaptic store of transmitter
      (S).  4. Assuming that this interpretation was correct, we could show that
      recovery from depression during the tetanus (i.e. 'mobilization') proceeded about
      10 times faster than after the end of the tetanus.  5. When the amplitude of the
      p.s.p. was varied by changing the bathing calcium concentration, [Ca], the degree
      of depression was correlated to the amplitude of the p.s.p.  6. When the
      amplitude of the p.s.p. was increased by increasing pre-synaptic depolarization,
      synaptic depression was found to increase as well.  However, synaptic depression
      increased less than the amplitude of the p.s.p., the relationship between these
      two measures being non-linear.  7. This finding is interpreted to indicate that
      the transmitter stores, S, are closely related to the area of the presynaptic
      membrane which is sufficiently depolarized to release transmitter.

PMID- 165286
TI  - A quantitative description of tetanic and post-tetanic potentiation of
      transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction.
AB  - 1. End-plate potential (e.p.p.s) were recorded with a surface electrode from frog
      neuromuscular junctions blocked with high Mg and low Ca to study post-tetanic
      potentiation (potentiation). 2. The magnitude of potentiation was not directly
      related to the number of conditioning impulses, but was a function of the
      frequency and duration of the conditioning stimulation. 3. Potentiation was
      always greater following an equal number of impulses delivered at a higher
      frequency of stimulation. 4. Plots of the magnitude of potentiation against the
      number of conditioning impulses would sometimes show an upward inflexion
      depending on the parameters of stimulation. 5. These experimental observations
      were described by a model based on the assumption (1) that potentiation is
      linearly related to a residual substance, R(t), which accumulates in the nerve
      terminal during repetitive stimulation, and (2) that each nerve impulse adds an
      identical increment, r, of this residual substance. The data were not described
      by assuming a 4th power relationship between potentiation and R(t). 6. The upward
      inflexion in potentiation (see paragraph 4) is described by the model as
      resulting from an increase in the time constant for the decay of potentiation as
      the magnitude of potentiation increases. 7. The increment of residual substance r
      added by each impulse was independent of the amount of transmitter released
      during the conditioning train. This increment typically increased transmitter
      release by amount 1% of the control level in the absence of potentiation. 8.
      Suggestions are given to explain why potentiation of transmitter release, which
      is thought to arise from an accumulation of Ca-2+ in the nerve terminal, can be
      described assuming a linear relationship between potentiation and R(t), the
      proposed substance responsible for potentiation, under experimental conditions in
      which a 3rd to 4th power relationship would be expected to exist between external
      Ca concentration and evoked transmitter release.

PMID- 165285
TI  - A dual effect of repetitive stimulation on post-tetanic potentiation of
      transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction.
AB  - 1. End-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) were recorded with a surface electrode from
      frog neuromuscular junctions blocked with high Mg and low Ca to study post
      tetanic potentiation(potentiation).  2. Potentiation is found to decay
      exponentially over most of its time course.  3. The time constant tsu(H)
      characterizing this exponential decay is a function of the previous history
      (frequency and duration) of stimulation.  For example, tsu(H) increased from
      about 20 sec following a few impulses to over 70 sec following more than 1000
      impulses.  4. A new method is presented to obtain estimates of the rise of
      potentiation (uncontaminated by facilitation or an intermediate facilitatory
      process) during repetitive stimulation.  It is found that potentiation is present
      following short trains of impulses and continually increases in magnitude with
      the duration of the conditioning stimulation.  Potentiation was at a maximum
      immediately following the conditioning trains.  5. The relationship between P(T),
      the magnitude of potentiation immediately following repetitive stimulation, and
      tsu(H), the time constant for the decay of this potentiation, is given by
      tsu(H)=Ae-P(T)/B, where A=19-8 plus or minus 5-1 sec (mean plus or minus S.D. of
      an observation) and B increases from 2.2plus or minus 2-1 to 5-7 plus or minus 2
      7 as the stimulation rate increases from 5 to 30/sec.  6. The value of A in the
      above equation can be considered to represent the minimal time constant for the
      decay of potentiation--that is, the time constant for decay after a simgle
      impulse.  7. Evidence is presented for a afacilitatory process with a time
      constant of decay of about 3 sec which is intermediate in duration between
      facilitation and potentiation.  8. It is suggested that repetitive stimulation
      has a dual effect on potentiation; each impulse (1) adds an increment of
      potentiation and (2) increases tsu(H), the time constant for the decay of
      potentiation.

PMID- 165287
TI  - The electrical basis of excitation and inhibition in the rat anoccygeus muscle.
AB  - 1. The transmembrane potential of smooth muscle cells of the rat anococcygeus
      muscle was studied with micro-electrodes.  The muscle had a mean resting membrane
      potential of --61-5 mV and normally lacked spontaneous mechanical and electrical
      activity.  2. Stimulation of intramural nerves with single pulses produced a
      small depolarization and contraction.  At frequencies greater than 0.5 Hz a
      second component occurred which had a maximum value of 35--51 mV with short
      trains at 30 Hz.  Spike potentials were rarely seen.  Depolarization was
      accompanied by a decrease in membrane resistance.  3. Noradrenaline (3 times 10
      minus 5 M) and guanethidine (3 times 10-minus 5 M) both depolarized the membrane
      and produced contraction.  Initially, oscillations in the membrane potential were
      oftern seen.  4. Intramural nerve stimulation in the presence of guanethidine
      damped the oscillations and produced relaxation.  This was accompanied by neither
      hyperpolarization nor a change in membrane resistance.  5. TEA (1 mM) depolarized
      the membrane (--47-6 mV) and initiated spontaneous activity.  Field stimulation
      evoked spikes with overshoot.

PMID- 165289
TI  - Clinical aspects of infection with the Epstein-Barr virus.

PMID- 165288
TI  - Detachment of structurally intact nerve endings from chromatolytic neurones of
      rat superior cervical ganglion during the depression of synaptic transmission
      induced by post-ganglionic axotomy.
AB  - 1. Electrophysiological studies showed that injury of post-ganglionic nerve
      fibres leads to severe and prolonged depression of synaptic transmission through
      the rat superior cervical ganglion, beginning within 24 h.  This is in line with
      the results of previous studies in other species and upon other neurones.  2.
      electron microscopy after post-ganglionic axotomy revealed nerve endings of
      presynaptic type with all the specialized membrane-related features of a synaptic
      zone, but which were not apposed to any post-synaptic nervous element.  These
      umusual profiles were interpreted as detached presynaptic nerve endings.  In
      normal and control ganglia, such profiles formed at most 0-5% of all vesicle
      containing profiles of presynaptic type; in ganglia with all major post
      ganglionic branches cut the proportion rose to approximately 7%, between 3 and 7
      d post-operatively.  Over this period, the mean incidence of chromatolytic
      neurones was 74-6%.  3. Concomitantly, the incidence of synapses within the
      ganglion fell by about 75%, reaching its lowest levels between 3 and 7 d post
      operatively.  There was strikingly little evidence of persistence of post
      synaptic membrane specializations ('membrane thickenings') following detachment
      of synapses.  4. At longer survival intervals the incidence of synapses gradually
      increased, and that of detached nerve endings gradually decreased; recovery was
      well advanced by 42 d.  5. The fall in the incidence of synapses was closely
      paralleled by a fall in the incidence of desmosome-like attachments in the
      ganglion; the incidence of such attachments was found to be correlated to a
      significant degree with that of synapses.  6. It is concluded that most or all of
      the synapses upon sympathetic neurones become physically dissociated during the
      chromatolytic reaction of these neurones to axotomy.  The failure to persist of
      ultrastructurally specialized post-synaptic sites, and the loss of desmosomes
      (particularly marked for those involving purely post-ganglionic nervous elements)
      suggest that the post-ganglionic neurone is losing all its specializations for
      attachment.  7. Some evidence suggests that the satellite cells may effect the
      final separation between pre- and post-synaptic structures.

PMID- 165290
TI  - Direct binding of radioiodinated human chorionic gonadotrophin to frozen sections
      of rat testis.

PMID- 165291
TI  - Stimulation and inhibition with LH and other hormones of female mammalian meiosis
      in vitro.
AB  - Utilizing some known physiological preovulatory hormone levels and specific
      cytological end-points, experiments were carried out with two different media to
      obtain a clearer understanding of meiotic maturation in vitro of ewe, cow, monkey
      and human oocytes. In the first series of experiments, it was shown that, in
      McCoy's medium, ovine LH, prostaglandin E1 and ovine prolactin increased the
      percentage of divisions of ewe oocytes, without cAMP as a demonstrable
      intermediate. Monkey oocytes incubated in McCoy's medium with fetal calf serum
      were stimulated by ovine LH, prostaglandin E2 or cAMP. Human oocytes were
      stimulated to divide in Diploid medium by ovine LH, oestradiol-17 beta with LH
      added later, or prostaglandin E1. Diploid medium containing added sheep serum
      markedly inhibited the meiotic activity of ewe oocytes when ovine LH, HCG, cAMP,
      prostaglandin E1 and E2 of prolactin were added. This effect was studied by
      separating the contained fetal calf and sheep sera. It was noted that when LH,
      HCG, or prostaglandins E1 and E2 were added to a system utilizing fetal calf
      serum, only spontaneous resumption of meiosis occurred: stimulated and
      spontaneous activity were reduced when cAMP or prolactin were added. The
      inhibition of ewe oocyte maturation in Diploid medium with sheep serum and
      additives was also seen with cow oocytes incubated in Diploid medium containing
      fetal calf serum and LH, HCG, cAMP or prostaglandin E1 and E2. Cow oocytes
      incubated in McCoy's medium with equivalent fetal calf serum and added LH were
      sharply inhibited but spontaneous maturation persisted in the presence of added
      HCG, cAMP or bovine prolactin.

PMID- 165292
TI  - Distribution of delta-5 -3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the
      Graafian follicle of the sheep.
AB  - The localization of delta-5 -3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) has
      been examined in ovarian follicles in vivo and in vitro, and related to oestrogen
      and progesterone production. In vivo, during the oestrous cycle, enzyme activity
      was restricted to the theca interna of the one or two most advanced follicles in
      each animal, but was present only between Day 2 and 5 and between Day 13 and
      ovulation. High levels of oestrogen were found in the ovarian venous blood only
      when follicles containing 3 beta-HSD were present. When sheep were injected with
      PMSG, the theca interna in a number ofsmall follicles acquired 3 beta-HSD
      activity and began to secrete oestrogen within 12 hr of the injection. The enzyme
      was not detected in the membrana granulosa of any follicles before ovulation but
      within a few hours of ovulation, 3 beta-HSD activity was present in the granulosa
      lutein cells. In vitro, large activated follicles exhibited 3 beta-HSD activity
      in the theca interna and secreted high levels of oestrogen into the culture
      medium. When LH was added to the medium oestrogen secretion was inhibited; within
      48 hr, the follicles were secreting high levels of progesterone, and 3 beta-HSD
      activity was present in both the membrana granulosa and the theca interna.
      Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate mimicked the effect of LH in suppressing
      oestrogen secretiion, but did not induce production of progesterone; the
      distribution of 3 beta-HSD activity infollicles treated with this nucleotide was
      the same as in those cultured in control medium.

PMID- 165293
TI  - Induction of blastocyst implantation in mice by cyclic AMP.
AB  - Oestrogen administration to female mice with 'delayed' implantation induces
      changes in the uterus and blastocysts followed by implantation and normal
      gestation. The second messenger for oestrogen, adenosine 3' :5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cAMP), was instilled into the uterine lumen of females with
      'delayed implanting' blastocysts to determinewhether it also is able to induce
      implantation. Implantation of the blastocysts was induced by cAMP but the
      pregnancies were not maintained to tem. These results are discussed with respect
      to the changes in blastocysts induced by cAMP and with respect to the reported
      contraceptive effects of cAMP in normal mice.

PMID- 165294
TI  - Reproductive capacity of the mentally retarded.
AB  - Ninety-seven mentally retarded females were studied to evaluate parameters of
      growth and development of secondary sex characteristics and the incidence of
      ovulation. These patients were selected on the basis of age and etiological
      classification. Patients were classified as Down's syndrome, brain damaged, or
      undifferentiated. The following parameters of growth and development were
      studied: anthropometric, bone age, and sexual maturation. Sexual maturation
      studies consisted of breast development, pubic hair, axillary hair, menarche,
      menstrual pattern, and ovulatory patterns. The following observations were made
      from this study: 1. Physical growth and secondary sexual development were
      retarded in all parameters. 2. The undifferentiated and brain damaged groups
      showed almost identical patterns of growth and development of secondary sexual
      characteristics. 3. The Down's syndrome group was the most retarded in physical
      growth and in secondary sexual development. 4. Skeletal age was a better guide
      than chronological age or height and body weight to the prediction of development
      of secondary sex characteristics and age at onset of menarche. 5. In 26 mentally
      retarded females who had achieved menarche the incidence of ovulation was
      approximately 60 percent.

PMID- 165295
TI  - Deamination of histamine by peroxidase of neutrophils and eosinophils.

PMID- 165296
TI  - Induction of autophagic vacuoles in peritoneal cells.

PMID- 165297
TI  - Cell-envelope proteins of Bordetella pertussis.
AB  - Cell-envelope polypeptides of eight phase-I and five phase-IV strains of
      Bordetella pertussis were compared by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All
      phase-I strains gave a strikingly similar but complex pattern of protein bands,
      which did not appear to vary with known differences in heat-labile agglutinogens.
      Phase-IV strains gave the same pattern as phase-I strains, except that one band
      was missing and another was either much reduced or absent. Envelopes from phase-I
      strains grown in Hornibrook medium rich in Mg-2+ ions to produce "antigenically
      modulated" C-mode cells gave a pattern of bands indistinguishable from phase-IV
      strains. A phase-IV strain grown in the high-Mg-2+ medium gave the same pattern
      of bands as when grown in unmodified Hornibrook medium. We suggest that the two
      polypeptide bands that show changes may be responsible for one or more of the
      immunological or physiopathological activities that are lost during phase
      variation and antigenic modulation in B. pertussis.

PMID- 165298
TI  - Slow Ca2+ and Na+ responses induced by isoproterenol and methylxanthines in
      isolated perfused guinea pig hearts exposed to elevated K+.

PMID- 165299
TI  - Testing for possible effects of cedar wood shavings and diet on occurrence of
      mammary gland tumors and hepatomas in C3H-A-vy and C3H-Avy-fB mice.
AB  - C3H-A-vy and C3H-A-VY-FB mice transferred from our colony to the laboratory of
      Dr. J. R. Sabine in Australia had a markedly reduced incidence of both hepatomas
      and mammary tumors. Sabine and co-workers (J Natl Cancer Inst 50: 1237-1242,
      1973) attributed the low incidence of tumors in their laboratory compared to the
      high incidence in this laboratory to the fact that we routinely use red cedar
      shavings in the bedding, whereas they use sawdust, predominantly Doublas fir.
      Results of tests in this laboratory showed that the difference in occurrence of
      tumors could not be attributed directly to either a difference in diet or
      bedding. There was no evidence that the cedar shavings were carcinogenic. The
      animals in Australia on bedding without cedar shavings were not as healthy as our
      animals, in that they did not grow as well and were infested with ectoparasites;
      apparently these factors caused the reduced occurrence of tumors.

PMID- 165300
TI  - Carcinogenicity of 5-nitrofurans and related compounds with amino-heterocyclic
      substituents.
AB  - Carcinogenicity of eight 5-nitrofurans with heterocyclic substituents at the 2
      position of the furan ring was investigated by feeding the chemicals to Sprague
      Dawley female rats. N-[5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]acetamide
      induced in 30 rats the highest incidence of tumors with the greatest number of
      tissues involved: forestomach squamous cell tumors (22), kidney pelvis
      transitional cell carcinomas (15), pulmonary alveolar cell carcinomas (16),
      hemangioendothelialsarcomas (20) of the intestine, mesentery, liver, lung, and
      pancreas, and a few tumors of other tissues. 2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4
      thiadiazole, 2-amino-5-(5-nitro-2furyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, and trans-2
      [dimethylamino)methylimino]-5-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole
      produced high incidences of mammary tumors. The other four 5-nitrofurans tested:
      N-[4-(5-NITRO-2-FURYL)-2-THIAZOLYL]ACETAMIDE;2,3,4-TRIFLUORO-N-[4-(5-NITRO-2
      furyl)-2-thiazoly]acetamide;5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ol; and N-( [3
      (5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl)acetamide were associated with
      tumor incidences of 40-60%. Two other chemicals were also tested: 2-Amino-5
      nitrothiazole caused a low incidence of breast and kidney pelvis tumors, and 2
      amino-4-(p-nitrophenyl)thiazole induced a high incidence of breast and salivary
      gland adenocarcinomas and lymphomas.

PMID- 165301
TI  - Characterization of spontaneous, chemicak, and viral transformants of a C3H/3T3
      type mouse cell line by transplantation into young chick blastoderms.
AB  - Cells from a C3H/3T3-type cell line were transplanted into defects of the lower
      layer of stage-4 chick blastoderms before and after "spontaneous," chemical, and
      viral transformation. To check the validity of inhibition of lower-layer defect
      closure as a criterion of malignancy, we compared the behavior of the lower layer
      toward these cells with their in vitro growth pattern, their capacity to invade
      embryonic chick skin explants that were organotypicaly cultured, and their
      tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice. No false-positive results were observed with
      either test. The study of the in vitro growth pattern gave false-negative results
      during the early phase of spontaneous transformation, whereas these cells,
      exhibiting an untransformed growth pattern, were shown to be malignant by the
      other tests. We concluded that the inhibition of lower-layer defect closure is a
      reliable, sensitive and rapid test for the detection of malignancy in tissue
      cultured cells from any source.

PMID- 165302
TI  - Sarcoma in a hamster inoculated with BK virus, a human papovavirus.
AB  - An undifferentiated sarcoma occurred in 1 of 52 hamsters inoculated when newborn
      with BK virus (BKV), A SIMIAN VIRUS 40 (SV40)-related human papovavirus. It was
      transplantable and grew in tissue culture. Sera of tumor-bearing hamsters were
      without antibodies reactive to BKV virion antigens in hemagglutination-inhibition
      and neutralizationtexts, but contained antibodies reactive in immunofluorescence
      (IF) tests to SV40 T antigen in SV40-TRANSFORMED CELLS AND TO ANTIGENS IN CELLS
      ACUTELY INFECTED WITH BKV or SV40. The IF reaction between tumor cells and sera
      of tumor-bearing hamsters was minimal in texts of tumor cells of an early passage
      but satisfactory in tests of cells from a later passage. Fusion of tumor cells
      with permissive (monkey and human) cells, induced by inactivated Sendai virus,
      did not lead to recovery of infectious BKV. Immunization of hamster with BKV or
      SV40 failed to protect against challenge with tumor cells. There was considerable
      cross-reactivity between the T antigens of BKV and SV40 viruses

PMID- 165303
TI  - Antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2-induced nonstructural proteins in women
      with cervical cancer and in control groups.
AB  - Sera obtained from 15 patients with cervical cancer, 10 patients with breast
      cancer, and 15 control women, individually matched with the cervical cancer
      patients, were examined for antibodies to early proteins synthesized in herpes
      simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-infected cells. The method used was an indirect
      radioimmune precipitation test followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic
      analysis of immune precipitates. The relative reactivity to a major early
      nonstructural protein (VP134) was used to compare these selected sera. The
      results obtained suggest that cervical cancer patients possess sera with a higher
      reactivity to VP134 than breast cancer patients or matched healthy women,and that
      serum reactivity is independent of the level of neutralizing antibodies to HSV-2.

PMID- 165304
TI  - Inhibition of embryonic cell aggregation by neoplastic cells.
AB  - The effects of normal and malignant cells on the aggregation of embryonic cells
      in gyratory shaker cultures were compared. The addition of 1 times 10-5 simian
      virus 40 (SV40)-transformed BALB/3T3 (SV40-3T3) cells to 6 times 10-6 embryonic
      neural retina cells caused a highly significant greater reduct on (22.7 percent)
      in aggregate diameter than the addition of untransformed BALB/3T3 (3T3) cells.
      The ratio of the number of single cells to the number of aggregates was
      significantly higher for cultures containing SV40-3T3 cells than for the cultures
      containing 3T3 cells. This effect was concentration dependent in the presence of
      cultured Ehrlich-Lettre hyperdiploid (ELD) ascites cells; however, media from ELD
      cell cultures or ELD cell sonicates resulted in aggregates of greater diameter
      and lower ratios of single cells to aggregates. This approach may provide  a
      sensitive assay system for the interactions of tumor and other cells in vitro.

PMID- 165305
TI  - Microvesicles and vesicles of multivesicular bodies versus "virus-like"
      particles.
AB  - Pellets obtained by the centrifugation of unfiltered or filtered fetal bovine
      serum (FBS) contained, among other things, numerous elongate and spherical
      microvesicles, ranging from 30 to 60 nm. They possessed a trilaminar (unit
      membrane) envelope and a moderately electron-dense core. Vesicles of
      multivesicular bodies and microvesicles associated with secretory epithelial
      cells and human lymphoblastoid cells in suspension culture possessed the same
      structure and were in the same size range as the serum microvesicles. These
      structures were either normal cell components or they represented the breakdown
      products of normal cell components and should not be confused with viruses.
      Though microvesicles of FBS may have been involved in the tissue culture
      material, at least some of the microvesicles associated with, and phagocytosed
      by, human lymphoblastoid cells in suspension and those in the lumen of acini of
      the baboon prostate were derived from the breakdown of the cristae of
      mitochondria in degenerating cells.

PMID- 165306
TI  - Mammary tumor virus particles in the submaxillary gland, seminal vesicle, and
      nonmammary tumors of wild mice.
AB  - Type-B mammary tumor virus particles were detected by electron microscopy in the
      submaxillary glands of 6 of 27 freshly trapped, pregnant wild mice (Mus
      musculus). Type-B particles were also detected in 3 9f 24 seminal vesicles and 2
      pulmonary adenomas from wild mice. Intracytoplasmic type-A virus particles were
      found in 7 spontaneous nonmammary tumors (lymphoma, hepatoma, lung adenoma) of
      aging wild mice. Type-C virus particles were also detected in many of these
      tissues.

PMID- 165307
TI  - Immunization with a lipid-conjugated membrane antigen to suppress growth of a
      fibrosarcoma induced by simian virus 40.
AB  - The covalent conjugation of fatty acid to a tumor cell membrane preparation
      transformed it from an antigen that enhanced tumor growth to one that suppressed
      it. A crude cell membrane preparation was made by sequential hypertonic and
      hypotonic salt extraction of tumor cells from a fibrosarcoma induced in hamsters
      by simian virus 40. The membranes were chemically conjugated with dodecanoic
      anhydride in 0.5 M carbonate buffer (pH 9.0). Injection of unmodified membranes
      10 days before transplantation of live tumor cells produced clear-cut enhancement
      of the tumor growth rate. In contrast, injection of lipid-conjugated membranes in
      a similar dose and protocol suppressed tumor growth. The lymphoid proliferative
      reactions to the tumor cells as demonstrated by the histology of both the tumor
      and regional lymph nodes were consistent with the hypothesis that unmodified
      membranes stimulated the production of antibody which participated in the
      enhancement of tumor growth, and that lipid-conjugated membranes stimulated the
      production of cell-mediated immunity which suppressed this growth.

PMID- 165308
TI  - Inhalation studies of nickel sulfide in pulmonary carcinogenesis of rats.
AB  - Two hundred twenty-six specific pathogenfree male and female F344 rats were
      exposed to nickel sulfide inhalations for 78 weeks (5 days/wk, 6 hr/day) and
      observed for an adiditional 30-week period. For the same amount of time, 214 rats
      were exposed to filtered room air and served as controls. Rats exposed to nickel
      sulfide showed a significantly higher incidence of pulmonary hyperplastic and
      neoplastic lesions originating from the bronchial and bronchiloo-alveloar
      segments. The overall incidence of lung tumors in the animals treated with nickel
      sulfide was 14 percent compared with 1 percent in the controls. Pulmonary
      inflammatory reactions were also greatly increased. Injection of an agent
      (hexachlorotetra-fluorobutane) that induced lung infarction did not increase the
      proportion of animals having lesions, nor did it alter the type of lesions found
      in animals exposed to nickel sulfide.

PMID- 165309
TI  - Vertical transmission of C-type viruses: their presence in baboon follicular
      oocytes and tubal ova.
AB  - C-type viruses were found in baboon follicular oocytes and tubal ova adjacent to
      the plasma membrane in the perivitelline space or along the inner margin of the
      zona pellucida. Their presence support the concept of vertical transmission of C
      type viruses.

PMID- 165310
TI  - Modification of diethylnitrosamine liver carcinogenesis with phenobarbital but
      not with immunosuppression.
AB  - Administration of 40 ppm diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in the drinking water for 10
      weeks  to male Fischer rats led to hepatocellular carcinoma in 100 percent with
      metastasis to the lung in 40 percent, of the animals living for the full
      experimental period of 20 weeks. Concurrent feeding of phenobarbital and DENA for
      10 weeks produced cancer of the liver in 77 percent of the animals, but only 9
      percent had metastases in the lung. A brief regimen of DENA for 4 weeks, followed
      by 16 weeks of observation, induced cancer of the liver in only 13 percent of the
      rats. Administration of phenobarbital, begun 1 week after cessation of DENA
      intake and terminated at week 20, led to liver cancer in 64 percent of the
      rodents. Hydroxyurea had no effect on this enhancement. Treatment with a purified
      gamma fraction of antilymphocytic serum after the DENA did not influence the
      outcome. Thus phenobarbital given together with DENA reduced the severity of the
      carcinogenic process, but when it was given after the hepatocarcinogen, it
      increased the effect.

PMID- 165311
TI  - Inhibition of bovine leukemia virus release.
AB  - Sera from 3 cows with the adult form of lymphosarcoma inhibited release of
      leukemia virus from a cell line of fetal lamb spleen infected with bovine
      leukemia virus (BLV). Sera from 5 to 7 cattle experimentally infected with BLV
      also suppressed virus release. The inhibition of virus release was reversible.
      Sera from cattle with the calf form and the thymic form of lymphosarcoma and
      normal bovine control sera did not repress virus release.

PMID- 165312
TI  - Studies on a transplantable murine rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - Well-differentiated rhabdomyosarcomas developed in 8 of 10 BALB/c mice inoculated
      with cell-free extracts of two lesions arising in bats previously inoculated with
      the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma virus. The tumors could be transplanted in
      BALB/c mice and other strains of mice compatible at the H-2 locus. A tumorigenic
      clonal cell culture line (R2) was established from a transplanted tumor.
      Ultrastructural studies of the primary and transplanted tumors and R2 cells
      revealed thick and thin myofilaments characteristic of myoblasts. These cells
      contained numerous cisternal type-A virus-like particles, but no type-C particles
      were found. Attempts to recover, rescue, or chemically induce transforming or
      nontransforming viruses from transplantable tumors and the R2 cell line were
      unsuccessful. The tumor cells lacked the murine type-C virus gs antigen.
      Hybridization data confirmed the apparent lack of viral RNA in the tumor cells.

PMID- 165313
TI  - Long-term primary culture of mouse mammary tumor cells: production of virus.
AB  - Long-term primary cultures of mouse mammary tumor cells proved an excellent
      source of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). Virus purified from these primary
      cultures had the same morphologic biochemical, immunologic, and biologic
      characteristics as MMTV. Quantitation of MMTV-protein equivalents released into
      the medium was measured by the radioimmunoassay for MMTV. Peak production levels
      were 20-40 mug MMTV protien equivalents/75-cm-2 flask/24 hours. These cultures
      produced MMTV  for as long as 90 days. MMTV cultivation depended on the initial
      cell-plating density and hormones. Maximal MMTV release was obtained at a plating
      density of 1 times 10-6 cells/cm-2 in the presence of insulin and hydrocortisone.
      Insulin alone gave basal levels of MMTV, and hydrocortisone alone increased MMTV
      release only three-fold, but insulin and hydrocortisone together effected an
      eightfold increase in MMTV release. This suggested that hydrocortisone had a
      primary effect on MMTV release and insulin acted synergistically with
      hydrocortisone to maximize MMTV release.

PMID- 165314
TI  - Immunologic aspects of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in rats.
AB  - Investigation of immunologic aspects of colon tumors induced in rats by 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine demonstrated that: 1) An antigen in an extract of colon tumors
      was not detected in the normal colon. It was related to antigens in rat fetuses
      and did not cross-react immunologically with carcinoembryonic antigen. 2)
      Mucinous adenocarcinomas of the colon were significantly associated spatially
      with lymphoid follicles.

PMID- 165315
TI  - Oncogenic transformation of murine lymphoid cells by in vitro infection with
      Abelson leukemia virus.
AB  - Spleen cell cultures stimulated to DNA synthesis by antigen or mitogen were
      infected with Abelson virus, a C-type RNA virus inducing nonthymic lymphomas in
      mice. After 3 days the cells were transferred to mice and caused 100 percent
      incidence of lymphomas in as few as 29 days. That a number of the tumors were of
      donor origin, as shown by female karyotypes in recipient male mice, indicated
      that cells infected by virus in vitro were transformed. The process depended upon
      both virus and stimulation of lymphocytes in culture. Lymphoid tumors did not
      develop in mice receiving cells from virus-infected cultures not exposed to
      antigen or mitogen.

PMID- 165317
TI  - Protein-calorie malnutrition and its relation to urbanisation.

PMID- 165318
TI  - On the quantitative stereo-morphology of microbodies in rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 165319
TI  - Ciliary rootlet-fibres as tail fin-rays in larval amphioxus(Branchiostoma
      lanceolatum, Pallas).

PMID- 165316
TI  - Effect of protease inhibitors on focus formation by murine sarcoma virus.
AB  - The effect of six protease inhibitors, isolated from various species of
      actinomycetes, on focus formation by murine sarcoma virus was examined. Pepstatin
      was the only inhibitor. The treatment of cells with pepstatin at various times
      possibly retards the early stage of infection with murine sarcoma virus.

PMID- 165320
TI  - Cytoplasmic microfilament organization in two Basidiomycete fungi.

PMID- 165321
TI  - [The male gamete of Schizopoda and its analogy with those of other Peracardiae.
      I. The spermatozoid].

PMID- 165322
TI  - [The male gamete of Schizopoda and its analogy with those of other Peracardiae.
      II. Particulars of cellular differentiation in the course of spermatogenesis].

PMID- 165323
TI  - Detection of oncornavirus antigenic activity in human urothelial tissues.
AB  - Our studies indicate that certain urologic tissues demonstrate evidence of
      proteins which compete with the interspecies antigens of C-type ribonucleic acid
      viruses for binding sites of the feline and murine oncornavirus antiglobulins.
      This fact indicates either the association of viral antigens within these tissues
      or the presence of a protein so similar to the interspecies antigen that it cross
      reacts. Studies are now underway to localize reacting antigens within these
      urologic cells, to correlate the immunologic properties with enzymatic properties
      known to be specific for oncornaviruses and to assay the activity of patient sera
      with isolated interspecies antigens. Sera from patients with urologic
      malignancies will be tested to determine whether the sera can effectively absorb
      reactivity from tissue extracts or compete with reagent rabbit antisera raised
      against the interspecies component of the viruses. Should either activity be
      detected in patient sera, clinical screening will be undertaken to determine if
      this approach is applicable to early detection of urologic malignancies.

PMID- 165324
TI  - Androblastoma and germ cell tumor of the same testis: a case report.
AB  - The rare case of a testicular androblastoma associated with a complex germ cell
      tumor of the same testis is reported. Gynecomastia preceded the clinical
      appearace of testicular swelling by 3 months, suggesting that the 2 tumors
      developed contemporaneously and that, in theory, the Sertoli cell tumor is
      probably dependent on the germ cell tumor.

PMID- 165325
TI  - Letter: Levodopa and alcoholism.

PMID- 165326
TI  - [Comparative studies of the therapeutic effect of colistin methanesulfonate
      administered intramuscularly and intravenously on the acute bacterial infection
      in mice (author's transl)].
AB  - The therapeutic potencies of colistin methanesulfonate (CLM) was assessed
      quantitatively in acute infection of mice with clinically isolated strains of
      Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and effect of different routes of
      administration was compared. There was no detectable difference in the
      therapeutic effect of CLM when intramuscular (im) or intravenous (iv)
      administration was initiated one hour after the infection. On the other hand, a
      significant difference in ED50 given by im and iv administrations was observed,
      indicating the superiority of iv administration, when the treatment started 4 to
      approximately hours after the infection. No difference in the therapeutic effect
      of polymyxin B (PMB) and tetracycline (TC) administered via either im or iv route
      was found even in the delayed administration. In contrast to PMB and TC, lower
      toxicity of CLM was determined when it was administered iv rather than im.

PMID- 165327
TI  - [Effect on SPS on blood culture system (author's transl)].

PMID- 165328
TI  - [Angiographic findings of non-functioning islet cell carcinoma in children].

PMID- 165329
TI  - [Study of hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical function in dermatology (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 165330
TI  - [Biochemical characteristics of nucleic acid decomposing enzymes of the
      epidermis].

PMID- 165331
TI  - Replication of Herpesvirus saimiri in cultured lymphocytes of infected owl
      monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). An electron microscopic and immunofluorescent study.
AB  - The lymphocytes of five owl monkeys infected with Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) and
      three control monkeys were studied. Lymphocytes were separated on Ficoll-Hypaque
      gradients, incubated in suspension cultures, and prepared for electron
      microscopic and immunofluorescent study at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the
      beginning of culture (AC). Buffy coats of whole blood immediately after bleeding
      were also prepared for study. At the time of the study, four of the five infected
      monkeys had died of malignant lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia. HVS virions were
      demonstrated by electron microscopy and HVS antigens by immunofluorescence in 1
      to 20 per cent of the lmyphocytes from infected monkeys in two of five cultures
      at 24 hours AC, four of five at 48 hours AC, and all five at 72 hours AC. There
      was quite good agreement between the electron microscopic and the
      immunofluorescent data. None of the control monkey cultures and none of the buffy
      coat preparations contained HVS virions or antigens. By electron microscopy the
      great majority of the virus particles were nucleocapsids within the nuclei of
      lymphocytes. Very seldom were enveloped virions observed. There was some evidence
      to suggest that the higher the percentage of lymphocytes containing HVS the
      poorer the prognosis for the monkey. HVS was isolated from all five infected
      monkeys by cocultivation of lymphocytes with Vero cells. Control lymphocyte
      cocultivations were negative.

PMID- 165332
TI  - Restoration of myocardial bioenergetic metabolism in swine after periods of
      ischemic ventricular fibrillation.
AB  - Myocardial mitochondrial function and high energy phosphate levels were measured
      in normal swine, in swine after either 5 or 10 minutes of ischemic ventricular
      fibrillation (IVF) while on cardiopulmonary bypass, and in swine defibrillated
      after either 5 or 10 minutes of IVE. The damage to myocardial mitochondria
      induced by IVF, such as partial uncoupling, decreased oxygen uptake, and loss of
      cytochrome oxidase activity, was completely reversed almost instantly by coronary
      artery perfusion and the restoration of sinus rhythm. After either 5 or 10
      minutes of IVF followed by coronary artery reperfusion and defibrillation,
      myocardial creatine phosphate (CP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine
      diphosphate (ADP) return to normal levels very rapidly. However, adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) levels remain significantly lower than control levels. If the
      bioenergetic mechanisms of swine and human myocardium are similar, it appears
      that IVF at least for a 10 minute period produces no damage to myocardial
      mitochondria that is not corrected by perfusion of the coronary arteries and re
      establishment of sinus rhythm. Furthermore, sinus rhythm can be re-established
      and maintained despite signficantly lower levels of myocardial ATP.

PMID- 165333
TI  - Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus. Report of a case and review of
      the literature.
AB  - A case of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus is reported and a
      total of 15 cases was reviewed. There were 9 men, although earlier reports
      indicated the disease was more common in women. The lesion was located in the
      middle third of the esophagus in 10 cases. The possibility of tumor development
      from embryonal rests of the tracheobronchial tree in the esophagus is discussed.
      The prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinomas is not well known, but the treatment
      and prognosis appear similar to those of epidermoid carcinomas of the esophagus.

PMID- 165334
TI  - Gluconeogenesis in isolated hepatic parenchymal cells. VII. Effects of
      monobutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate on gluconeogenic intermediates,
      phosphofructokinase, and fructose diphosphatase.
AB  - Isolated parenchymal hepatocytes prepared from fasted (24 hours) rats convert
      added dihydroxyacetone and xylitol to glucose. Monobutyryl cyclic adenosine-3',5'
      mono-phosphate (mb-cAMP) stimulated the rate from dihydroxyacetone (plus 32%; N
      equals 28) but not from xylitol (plus 4%; N equals 27). Iodoacetate (0.15 to 0.20
      mM) was an effective inhibitor of gluconeogenesis from lactate-pyruvate mixtures
      (72% inhibition); quinolinate (2.5 to 3.0 mM) was relatively ineffective (26%
      inhibition). Measurements of glucogenic intermediates formed from added
      dihydroxyacetone in hepatocytes (20% cell suspension) preincubated with
      iodoacetate provided evidence that phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase was
      inhibited. Inhibition of additional glycolytic-gluconeogenic enzyme(s) involved
      in dihydroxyacetone metabolism was not disclosed by the metabolite concentration
      data. Because iodoacetate partially inhibited gluconeogenesis from
      dihydroxyacetone in 5% cell suspensions but did not prevent stimulation of
      gluconeogenesis by mb-cAMP (plus 31%), additional inhibition, probably
      nonspecific, occurred. With dihydroxyacetone as substrate, mb-cAMP had only a
      slight effect on the concentration of fructose diphosphate (decrease) relative to
      control experiments (no mb-cAMP), but preinculation of the cells with iodoacetate
      made the mb-cAMP-induced decrease much greater. mb-cAMP caused a 47% decrease
      (SE, 8;N equals 9) in the assayable activity of phosphofructokinase in liver
      cells incubated with dihydroxyacetone but did not alter fructose diphosphatase
      activity significantly. Cyclic GMP and cIMP were shown to stimulate
      gluconeogenesis from dihydroxyacetone; both nucleotides also cause a decrease in
      the assayable activity of phosphofructokinase. With xylitol as substrate, mb-cAMP
      did not cause stimulation of gluconeogenesis, decrease in fructose diphosphate
      concentration, or decrease in phosphofructokinase activity. Our results indicate
      that phosphofructokinase might be an important controlling enzyme in
      gluconeogenesis and subject to regulation by cAMP.

PMID- 165335
TI  - Management of parotid gland tumors in infants and children.
AB  - Seventy-four pediatric patients with parotid gland tumors were seen during a 52
      year period. Seventy percent of the lesions were benign and 30% were malignant.
      When the primary treatment is either subtotal or total parotidectomy, the
      recurrence rate was 2.3%.  The facial nerve should be dissected free of parotid
      parenchyma and preserved, except if the lesion was malignant--a situation in
      which the nerve might have to be sacrificed totally or in part to ensure adequate
      tumor removal. No patient died of a benign or malignant lesion in this series,
      and the morbidity after surgical removal of primary tumors of the parotid gland
      in children and infants was low.

PMID- 165336
TI  - Renal metabolic processes and acid-base changes.

PMID- 165337
TI  - [Teratogenic damage and neonatal disease resulting from non-bacteriological pre-
      and perinatal infections].

PMID- 165338
TI  - [Treatment of fracture of lower leg diaphysis].

PMID- 165339
TI  - Nuclear and cytoplasmic binding components for vitamin D metabolites.

PMID- 165340
TI  - Studies on the effect of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide on the mechanism of
      insulin.

PMID- 165341
TI  - Sterol carrier protein hypothesis: requirement for three substrate-specific
      soluble proteins in liver cholesterol biosynthesis.

PMID- 165342
TI  - Cyclic AMP accumulation in cerebral cortex tissue from inbred strains of mice.

PMID- 165343
TI  - Lipids of cultured hepatoma cells. VI. Glycerolipid and monoenoic fatty acid
      biosynthesis in minimal deviation hepatoma 7288C-1.
AB  - 1-14C-Acetic, 1-14C-palmitic, or 1-14C-stearic acid was incubated with minimal
      deviation hepatoma 7288C cells grown in culture to assess: de novo fatty acid
      synthesis, oxidation, desaturation, and elongation of saturated fatty acids, as
      well as the ability of media fatty acids to serve as precursors of cellular
      glycerolipids. Distribution of radioactivity in the individual lipid classes and
      the various fatty acids of triglyceride, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl
      ethanolamine was determined. The radioactivity among the monoenoic acid isomers
      derived from triglyceride, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine
      was analyzed by reductive ozonolysis. Only small amounts of the labeled
      substrates were oxidized to carbon dioxide. Except for labeled stearic acid,
      which also was incorporated heavily into phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl
      serine, most radioactivity was recovered in triglyceride, phosphatidyl choline,
      and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Synthesis of cholesterol and long chain fatty
      acids from labeled acetic acid demonstrated that these cells can perform de novo
      synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. Both labeled palmitic and stearic acids
      were desaturated to the corresponding delta9 monoenes, and palmitic and
      palmitoleic acids were elongated. The nexadecenoic acid fraction isolated from
      triglyceride, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine, when acetic or
      palmitic acid was the labeled substrate, showed that greater than 70 percent of
      the labeled acids were the delta9 isomer. Radioactivity of the octadecenoic acid
      fraction derived from labeled acetic or palmitic acids was nearly equally divided
      between the delta9 isomer, oleic acid, and the delta11 isomer, vaccenic acid.
      Desaturation of labeled stearic acid produced only oleic acid. These data
      demonstrate that the biosynthesis of vaccenic acid in these cultured neoplastic
      cells proceeds via the elongation of palmitoleic acid. The relatively high level
      of vaccenic acid synthesis in these cells suggests that the reported elevation of
      "oleic acid" in many neoplasms may result from increased concentration of
      vaccenic acid.

PMID- 165344
TI  - Hepatoma, host liver, and normal rat liver neutral lipids as affected by diet.
AB  - Groups of normal and hepatoma (7288CTC) bearing rats were maintained on normal
      chow and fat-free diets for 4 weeks. Normal liver, host liver, and hepatoma
      neutral lipids were examined in detail and compared. Water content, unaffected by
      diet was: hepatoma, 82 percent; host liver, 71 percent; and normal liver, 67
      percent. The fat-free diet had no effect upon the hepatoma neutral lipids but
      elevated the triglyceride level in normal and host liver, shifted the
      triglyceride carbon number distribution to lower mol wt, and elevated the
      percentage of monoenoic acids in triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. Host
      triglyceride concentrations were ca. half, and cholesterol levels were reduced
      moderately relative to normal liver values. Hepatoma cholesterol levels were
      higher and triglyceride concentrations lower than normal and host liver values.
      Hepatoma triglycerides differed dramatically from liver and were characterized by
      increased concentrations of high mol wt species and a fivefold increase in the
      percentage of C-20 and C-22 fatty acids. The percentage of C-20 and C-22 fatty
      acids in hepatoma cholesteryl esters also increased ca. fivefold relative to
      liver. The data indicate that the systems that regulate triglyceride and
      cholesteryl ester fatty acid composition in liver do not control the compositions
      of these lipid classes in this hepatoma. The unchanged high level of essential
      fatty acids in the hepatoma lipids from the fat-free fed animals demonstrates the
      hepatoma's ability to absorb and conserve specific fatty acids.

PMID- 165345
TI  - Effects of diet and type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia upon structure of
      triacylglycerols and phosphatidyl cholines from human plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - Four normal and two individuals with Type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia were placed on
      the National Heart and Lung Institute Type IIa diet (low cholesterol, smaller
      than 300 mg/day, high polyunsaturated, low saturated fat diet) for 1 week and on
      a normal diet the following week. Plasma samples were obtained and the
      triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and cholesterol contents of plasma and of very
      low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and high density lipoproteins
      determined. Triacyglycerol fatty acid composition was determined and
      stereospecific analyses of triacglycerols and phosphatidyl cholines performed.
      Structural determinations were limited to one normal and one Type IIa individual.
      In normal and Type IIa individuals, chylomicrons contained twice the amount of
      18:0 as did the very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, or high
      density lipoproteins. The structure of the triacyglycerols from the very low
      density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins was asymmetric with at least
      50M% 16:0 in the sn-1 position and mostly 18:1 in positions sn-2 and 3. There was
      a marked difference in the distribution of 18:2 in low density lipoproteins of
      the normal and Type IIa individuals. The control contained equal amounts of 18:2
      in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions, whereas IIa low density lipoprotein was
      asymmetric with 26% of the 18:2 in position sn-1 and 3% in the sn-3 position.
      Very low density lipoprotein was asymmetric with regard to 18:2 in control and
      IIa samples with an average of 5% of the 18:2 in position sn-1 and 40% in
      position sn-3. The phosphatidyl cholines contained predominantly 16:0 and 18:0 in
      position sn-1, whereas the acids in position sn-2 were unsaturated with very
      little difference between lipoprotein classes. Neither the short dietary periods
      nor source of plasma affected the structure of the phosphatidyl cholines.

PMID- 165347
TI  - On the importance of cyclic AMP in neurobiology: an essay.

PMID- 165346
TI  - Reaction of anti-phosphatidyl inositol antisera with neural membranes.
AB  - Ca. 15% of the phosphatidyl inositol in myelin and microsomal membranes from rat
      brain was detectable by antiphosphatidyl inositol antibody. Antibody-detectable
      phosphatidyl inositol in myelin and microsomes readily increased when the
      membranes were incubated at 45 C with the antiserum. Synaptic membranes also had
      only a limited capacity to adsorb antibody. Quantitative binding studies with
      synaptic membranes and mitochondria were limited, because these membranes contain
      cardiolipin, which cross reacts with phosphatidyl inositol antisera. Moreover,
      highly purified synaptic and mitochondrial membranes contain appreciable amounts
      of other membrane fractions.

PMID- 165348
TI  - Four questions times two: a dialogue on the mechanism of insulin action dedicated
      to Earl W. Sutherland.

PMID- 165350
TI  - Site of free-fatty-acid inhibition of lipolysis by human adipocytes.
AB  - When human adipocytes were incubated in albumin-free buffer, isoproterenol failed
      to stimulate an increase in either cyclic AMP or glycerol release. Cells
      incubated for 1/2 hr with 4% albumin and isoproterenol had a striking increase in
      cyclic AMP; this effect was markedly reduced when FFA concentration was increased
      by the addition of sodium oleate. When incubation was prolonged to 4 hr, the
      cyclic AMP concentration of stimulated cells fell towards the basal level. This
      decline in the level of cyclic AMP was prevented by frequent change in buffer.
      The ability of epinephrine and sodium fluoride to stimulate the adenylyl cyclase
      of human adipocyte membranes was not affected by the addition of sodium oleate.
      However, when intact cells were preincubated for 1 hr with added sodium oleate,
      the responsiveness to epinephrine of membranes derived from the cells was
      reduced. No such alternation in responsiveness to sodium fluoride occurred. These
      results indicate that the inhibitory effect of FFA on lipolysis is associated
      with a reduced production of cyclic AMP; the latter effect may be the consequence
      of FFA inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.

PMID- 165349
TI  - The last conversation with Dr. Earl W. Sutherland, Jr: the feedback regulation of
      cyclic nucleotides.

PMID- 165351
TI  - Biphasic effect of the alpha-adrenolytic phentolamine on hormone-stimulated
      formation of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate in isolated fat cells of rats.
AB  - Isolated fat cells from rat epididymal adipose tissue were incubated with various
      lipolytic hormones in the absence and presence of the alpha-adrenergic blocking
      agent phentolamine. Lipolysis, stimulated by noradrenaline, isoproterenol, or
      ACTH, was inhibited dose-dependently by phentolamine. At concentrations of
      phentolamine where lipolysis was already inhibited, phentolamine had a biphasic
      effect on hormone-stimulated formation of cAMP. Low concentrations of
      phentolamine enhanced cAMP formation, while high concentrations inhibited cAMP.
      The additional increase of cAMP formation by phentolamine was only seen with
      maximally effective concentrations of noradrenaline, isoproterenol, and ACTH.
      Half-maximally effective concentrations were invariably inhibited by
      phentolamine. The activity of noradrenaline-stimulated adenylate cyclase of fat
      cell plasma membranes was inhibited by phentolamine, whereas cAMP
      phosphodiesterase activity was unaffected.

PMID- 165353
TI  - The role of cyclic GMP in the regulation of cyclic AMP hydrolysis.
AB  - A rat-heart cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase has been chromatographically
      separated from related enzymes and its kinetic properties have been studied. The
      enzyme can hydrolyze both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and has about the same
      maximum velocity and apparent KM (greater  than 10-5 M) for the two nucleotides.
      Kinetic plots indicate positive cooperative behavior for both substrates. Cyclic
      GMP at low concentrations is a potent activator of cyclic AMP hydrolysis and this
      activation, as well as the cooperativity, can be abolished by treatment with
      solvents or sulfydryl reagents under conditions which do not destroy the
      catalytic function. A kinetic model for this enzyme is porposed and the
      physiologic role is discussed.

PMID- 165352
TI  - The glucagon receptor and adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Acidic phospholipids play a critical role in the hormone activation of adenylate
      cyclase. Solubilized myocardial adenylate cyclase is unresponsive to glucagon and
      the catecholamines, two of the hormones which activate the membrane-bound enzyme.
      Phosphatidylserine, purified from bovine brain restored glucagon responsiveness
      of the solubilized adenylate cyclase. Monophosphatidylinositol, also purified
      from bovine brain, restored catecholamine responsiveness. Solubilized
      preparations of myocardial adenylate cyclase bind 125-I-glucagon either in the
      presence of added phosphatidylserine, thereby providing a clear separation of the
      processes of activation and binding. Solubilized myocardial adenylate cyclase has
      a molecular weight of about 160,000. Sephadex G-100 chromatography of the
      solubilized enzyme following the binding of 125-I-glucagon to its myocardial
      receptor reveals two distinct peaks; one, having catalytic activity and a
      molecular weight greater than 100,000 and two, the binding material having no
      catalytic activity and a molecular weight of 24,000-28,000. These data are
      consistent with the presence of a dissociable glucagon receptor site. The role of
      this dissociation in the activation-inactivation of the enzyme remains to be
      explored. It is postulated that phospholipids induce the required configurational
      change in the catalytic site following the binding of hormone to its receptor,
      and by this means couples the receptor to the catalytic site. This model may be
      applicable to certain clinical situations. Cardiac adenylate cyclase is
      unresponsive to glucagon in chronic congestive heart failure. The defect may
      reside either in the binding of glucagon to its receptor site or in the
      metabolism of a specific acidic phospholipid such as phosphatidylserine.

PMID- 165354
TI  - Divergent actions of protein kinase modulator in regulating mammalian cyclic GMP
      dependent and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases.
AB  - Protein kinase modulator can either augment or depress phosphorylation of
      substrate proteins catalyzed by cyclic GMP-dependent and cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinases prepared from mammalian and arthropod tissues. Alteration by the
      modulator of the phosphorylating activity of the protein kinases is considered to
      be due to modification of protein substrate specificity subsequent to interaction
      of the modulator with the catalytic subunits of the enzymes. It is likely that
      the physiologic role of the modulator is to monitor the opposing effects of
      cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP by regulating the activity of respective protein
      kinases. Thus the modulator may function as a biologic "fine tuner" providing on
      additional mechanism by which the signals imparted to cells by physiologic
      stimuli can be correctly expressed.

PMID- 165355
TI  - Widespread occurrence of a specific protein in vertebrate tissues and regulation
      by cyclic AMP of its endogenous phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
AB  - A protein whose endogenous phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are affected by
      cAMP has been found in the soluble and particulate fractions of all vertebrate
      tissues studied. This phosphoprotein, which contained a substantial proportion of
      the radioactive phosphate observed on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, was estimated to
      have an apparent molecular weight of 49,000. In the presence of Zn++, cAMP
      inhibited the endogenous phosphorylation of this protein (protein 49) in the
      cytosol and microsomal fractions. In the presence of Mg++, cAMP stimulated the
      phosphorylation of protein 49 in the cytosol fractions, but had only slight
      effects in the microsomal fractions. The dephosphorylation of protein 49 by an
      endogenous protein phosphatase was markedly stimulated by cAMP in the cytosol and
      microsomal fractions of all tissues studied. The binding of 8-azido-cAMP (a
      photoaffinity analog of cAMP, which reacts specifically with cAMP-binding sites)
      to subcellular fractions was also studied. This binding was principally to a
      protein of molecular weight 49,000. These and other data suggest that a cAMP
      binding protein with a molecular weight of 49,000 capable of undergoing cAMP
      dependent phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, occurs in a variety of tissues.

PMID- 165356
TI  - Factors influencing the effect of hormones on the accumulation of cyclic AMP in
      cultured human astrocytoma cells.
AB  - The characteristics of the effects of catecholamines, prostaglandins, and
      adenosine on the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) content of human
      astrocytoma cells are described. Catecholamines interact with a typical beta
      adrenergic receptor, i.e., the order of potency of catecholamines is
      isoproterenol larger than or equal to epinephrine greater than norepinephrine
      greater than dopamine, and propranolol is an inhibitor but phentolamine is not.
      The prostaglandins interact with a receptor that recognized PGE-1, PGE-2, and PGA
      1 but not PGF-2-alpha. The effects of PGE-1 are blocked by 7-oxa-13-prostynoic
      acid, indomethacin, and meclofenamic acid in a rapid, reversible manner. The
      cells contain another adenylate cyclase-linked receptor that recognizes adenosine
      and the adenine nucleotides but not guanosine, deoxyadenosine, or adenine.
      Theophylline and other methylxanthines are competitive inhibitors of the effect
      of adenosine. Each class of effector appears to stimulate adenylate cyclase by
      interacting with a structure-specific receptor. This follows from the observation
      that the effect of each class of agonists can be blocked selectively by the
      various inhibitors and is consistant with the observation that co-addition of
      different agonists results in additive effects on accumulation of cAMP. The
      magnitude of the effect of any of the classes of agonists can be influenced by a
      variety of factors, some of which may be related to the peculiarities of growth
      in culture: (1) The cells secrete cAMP into the medium, and the magnitude of this
      secretion for a given rise in intracellular cAMP is different for different
      agonists. (2) The exposure of the cells to catecholamines or prostaglandins leads
      to a loss of responsiveness to a subsequent challenge by the same agonist. The
      magnitude of the agonist-induced loss of responsiveness is dependent on the
      concentration of the agonist and the time of exposure. The process is at least
      partially agonist specific in that exposure of cells to isoproterenol can lead to
      greater than 90% loss in catecholamine responsiveness with less than 20% loss in
      responsiveness to prostaglandins. (3) The responsiveness of the cells also
      changes as a function of the age of the culture and as a function of cell
      density. (4) Finally, it can be demonstrated that cells maintained in culture for
      prolonged periods (months to years) may lose responsiveness to specific agonists
      while responsiveness to other agonists remains unchanges or actually increases.
      The advantages and disadvantages of the use of cells in culture for studies of
      the regulation of cAMP metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 165357
TI  - Studies on cyclic AMP metabolism in human epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells.
AB  - Cultured human epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells were found to contain a highly
      responsive, catecholamine-sensitive adenyl cyclase activity in cellfree
      preparations. By contrast, cyclic AMP levels in intact HEp-2 cells were at best
      only marginally increased by catecholamines under a variety of conditions. The
      lack of an intact cell response could not be accounted for by escape of cyclic
      AMP to the medium, excessive phosphodiesterase activity, inactivation of the
      catecholamine, or by unusual kinetics of the system. However, in the presence of
      1-methyl,3-iso-butylxanthine (MIX), a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a
      moderate catecholamine response was observed in the intact cells. A significant
      elevation of cyclic AMP levels in the presence of MIX was observed at 0.3 muM
      epinephrine, and maximal levels occurred at 10 muM. Norepinephrine was much less
      effective than either epinephrine or isopropylnorepinephrine at 10 muM
      concentrations. In addition, intact cells slowly but steadily released cyclic AMP
      into the incubation medium over the course of 60-min incubations in the presence
      of MIX and epinephrine; maximum intracellular levels were reached by 5 min.

PMID- 165358
TI  - Phosphorylase kinase mediating the effects of cyclic AMP in muscle.
AB  - In the classic view of the control of phosphorylase b to a conversion by
      catecholamines, cyclic AMP acts as the second messenger stimulating the activity
      of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase to covalently modify phosphorylase kinase.
      Phosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase converts this enzyme form with a
      nonactivated to an activated form with a markedly higher activity at pH 7. There
      is now considerable evidence that the activity of phospphorylase kinase is also
      regulated by changeds in the Ca-2+ concentration. The activity of both
      nonactivated and activated phosphorylase kinase is stimulated by Ca-2+ in the
      range of concentrations that have been reported to occur in the sacroplasm of
      contracting muscle, with the activated pphosphorylase kinase having a lower K
      alpha for Ca-2+. Thus there are at leaset two mechanisms for the regulation of
      phosphorylase kinase activity in muscle. These mechanisms may act independently
      or in concert in controlling glycogenolysis stimulated by catecholamines, anoxia,
      or tetanic electrical stimulation...

PMID- 165359
TI  - Thyroid-stimulating hormone and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the
      regulation of thyroid gland function.
AB  - The initial step in TSH action reflects binding of the hormone to specific
      receptor sites on the plasma membrane. Such binding has been studied using plasma
      membranes, homogenates, isolated thyroid cells grown in culture, and thyroid
      slices. 3-H- and iodinated TSH preparations have been used; the latter have been
      prepared using both chloramine-T and lactoperoxidase. Some of the discrepancies
      reported in the literature might reflect the different thyroid and hormone
      preparations and the variable incubation conditions which have been used. In
      general, good correlation exists between binding of TSH and activation of
      adenylate cyclase in thyroid plasma membranes. Data is reviewed related to
      activation of protein kinase in intact thyroid cells by TSH. Although there is
      impressive evidence for cyclic AMP mediation of effects of TSH on the thyroid,
      some data that are inconsistent with this concept are considered, especially in
      relationship to 32-P incorporation into phospholipid. The role of cyclic GMP in
      thyroid function is discussed.

PMID- 165360
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides and gluconeogenesis by rat liver cells.
AB  - Gluconeogenesis from lactate, pyruvate, fructose, alanine, and other substrates
      was accelerated by glucagon or epinephrine in hepatocytes isolated from rat
      liver. Glucagon and epinephrine also increased cyclic AMP accumulation by rat
      hepatocytes. Isoproterenol increased cyclic AMP but not gluconeogenesis, while
      phenylephrine accelerated gluconeogenesis. The activation of gluconeogenesis by
      epinephrine was unaffected by propranolol but blocked by dihydroergotamine.
      Dibutyryl cyclic AMP added to hepatocytes stimulated gluconeogenesis at
      concentrations as low as 1 muM. Exogenous cyclic GMP (0.1- muM) inhibited
      gluconeogenesis due to either glucagon or epinephrine without affecting basal
      gluconeogenesis. However, carbamylcholine did not affect gluconeogenesis by
      hepatocytes. Basal gluconeogenesis and the increases due to all agents were
      inhibited by removal of extracellular calcium or the presence of A-23187, D-600,
      or tetracaine. In contrast, added 0.1 muM cyclic  GMP, 2 mM NH-4-Cl, and 10 muM
      phenethylbiguanide inhibited glucagon- or epinephrine-stimulated gluconeogenesis
      without affecting basal values. Studies with hepatocytes indicate that the
      hormonal activation of gluconeogenesis is not limited to substrates entering
      prior to triose phosphate formation. Glucagon may act by increasing cyclic AMP
      which acts via unknown mechanisms to increase gluconeogenesis. In contrast,
      epinephrine acts via a cyclic AMP-independent mechamism which does not appear to
      involve cyclic GMP, Ca-2+ flux, of K+ flux.

PMID- 165361
TI  - The role of calcium and cyclic nucleotides in alpha-amylase release from slices
      of rat parotid: studies with the divalent cation ionophore A-23187.
AB  - The divalent cation ionophore A-23187 caused a Ca-2+-dependent increase in alpha
      amylase release from slices of rat parotid gland. The effect of A-23187 on alpha
      amylase release was not caused by release of endogenous agonists since l
      propranolol, phentolamine, and atropine had no effect. The magnitude of alpha
      amylase release caused by A-23187 was small compared to the effect of
      isoproterenol. In this respect it more closely resembles the action of
      cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic agonists on alpha-amylase release. A-23187
      inhibited the increase in the level of parotid adenosine 3,5'-monophosphate
      caused by isoprotrenol. The inhibitory effect required incubation of the slices
      with the ionophore before the addition of isoproterenol. The ionophore also
      caused a Ca-2+-dependent increase in the level of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic GMP). Theophylline enhanced the effect of A-23187 on the level of cyclic
      GMP. These results emphasize the role of Ca-2+ in the regulation of parotid
      cyclic nucleotide levels. Since the effects of the ionophore depended on the
      presence of Ca-2+, it is possible that some of the effects of agonists on parotid
      gland physiology are secondary to an action on intracellular Ca-2+ distribution.

PMID- 165362
TI  - Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP: studies utilizing immunohistochemical techniques for
      the localization of the nucleotides in tissue.
AB  - Antibodies to the cyclic nucleotides initially were utilized in radioimmunoassays
      for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP which might be present in mammalian tissues.
      allowed measurement of the nucleotides on small amounts of tissue in physiologic
      studies. To gain further insight into the relative roles of cyclic AMP and cyclic
      GMP in cell function, these antibodies have been applied to immunohistochemical
      studies for the localization of the cyclic nucleotides in tissues and cells. This
      methodology is useful for determining in which cell type in a heterogeneous
      tissue increases in cyclic nucleotide concentrations occur. In addition, within
      individual cells, staining patterns for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP are usually
      quite distinct. Cyclic GMP in canine thyroid is located to the follicular cell
      membrane while cyclic AMP is ubiquitously distributed in follicular cell
      cytoplasm. In both rat adrenal cortex and testis, there is prominent nuclear
      localization of cyclic GMP, suggesting a role for the nucleotide in growth
      regulation. These studies provide histologic evidence suggesting diverse roles
      for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in mammalian physiology. It is anticipated that
      this technique will also be useful in the ultrastructural localization of the
      cyclic nucleotides and for the identification of other cyclic nucleotides which
      might be present in mammalian tissues.

PMID- 165363
TI  - Effects of norepinephrine on cyclic nucleotide levels in the ductus deferens of
      the rat.
AB  - The effect of 1-norepinephrine on cyclic nucleotide levels was studied in rat
      ductus deferens. Norepinephrine (0.01-0.3 mM) increased cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP
      levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Cyclic GMP was increased by about two
      fold and cyclic AMP by 30%-40% by 0.1 mM norepinephrine after 3 min.
      Phenylephrine (0.1 mM) increased cyclic GMP levels about twofold without
      affecting cyclic AMP. Cyclic GMP was maximally increased by norepinephrine or
      phenylephrine after 3-10 min, but was not significantly changed after 20 sec,
      when contraction was fully developed. Atropine did not affect the norepinephrine
      induced changes in cyclic nucleotide levels; phentolamine blocked the effect of
      norepinephrine on cyclic GMP, and propanolol blocked that on cyclic AMP. These
      findings indicate that in the ductus deferens alpha-adrenergic receptors are
      involved in the effect of catecholamines on cyclic GMP, and beta-adrenergic
      receptors are involved in the effect on cyclic AMP levels. The presence of Ca-2+
      was required for the effect of norepinephrine on cyclic GMP, but not on cyclic
      AMP.

PMID- 165365
TI  - The mechanism of the potentiating effect of glucocorticoids on catecholamine
      induced lipolysis.
AB  - Preincubation of isolated epididymal fat cells with dexamethasone or treating
      rats with cortisol enhances the epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis of the cells as
      well as cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in homogenates of these fat cell
      suspensions. During maximal inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity by
      theophylline or dibutyryl cAMP, this potentiating effect of glucocorticoids on
      the fat cells was also present. There was no lowering of the total
      phosphodiesterase activity in homogenates of fat cell suspensions of rats that
      were treated with cortisol, but there appeared to be a lower activity of the low
      KM phosphodiesterase activity. It is concluded that induction of protein kinase
      by glucocorticoid hormone is responsible for its special type of stimulative
      action on lipolysis.

PMID- 165364
TI  - Modulation of human neutrophil chemotactic responses by cyclic 3',5'-guanosine
      monophosphate and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.
AB  - Cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate (cAMP) and compounds known to effect the intracellular
      concentrations of these nucleotides were examined for their ability to effect
      human neutrophil (PMN) responsiveness to chemotactic stimulation. Incubation of
      neutrophils with agents recognized to promote increases in intracellular cAMP in
      a variety of tissues (i.e., epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol,
      histamine, cholera toxin, and prostaglandin E-1 and E-2) or with cAMP inhibited
      the leukotactic response to a bacterial chemotactic factor. In contrast, cGMP and
      compounds which have been shown to promote increases in intracellular cGMP
      concentration (i.e., acetylcholine, carbamylcholine, phorbol myristate acetate,
      and prostaglindin F-2-alpha) markedly enhanced the neutrophil chemotactic
      response. The inhibitory or stimulatory influences on chemotactic responsiveness
      promoted by several of the agents could be shown to be blocked by a specific
      pharmacologic antagonist of the particular compound tested. These data support
      the hypothesis that cGMP and cAMP can provide opposing regulatory influences on
      certain cellular functions; in this case, directed motility of leukocytes.

PMID- 165367
TI  - Clinical testing of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in states of
      hypo- and hypercortisolism.
AB  - Cortisol production is appropriately maintained by a complex control system which
      involves primarily the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the adrenal cortices.
      Very small quantities of ACTH stimulate cortisol production, and maximum
      stimulation occurs with serum concentrations of only 3 mU/100 ML. Under normal
      circumstances, cortisol is secreted in bursts about ten times each day and
      circulates predominately bound to a specific binding protein which is rather
      completely saturated. Radioimmunoassay of plasma cortisol is now generally
      available and is the assay method of choice, but because of the episodic nature
      of its secretion, random values of plasma cortisol must be interpreted with great
      reservation, and even the comparison of morning and evening values in assessing
      circadian rhythmicity is not often helpful. Urinary free cortisol determinations
      provide excellent discrimination between normal function and all forms of
      hypercortisolism. Although the response of the adrenal cortices to ACTH may be
      evaluated in a number of different ways, the simplest but most definitive
      procedure involves continuous intravenous administration over a 48-hr period. Of
      the various tests which indirectly assess the potential for ACTH secretion, the
      use of metyrapone is most helpful. In the test of greatest utility, plasma
      cortisol and 11-desoxycortisol are determined the morning after a single midnight
      oral dose of 30 mg/kg. The detection of all forms of pathologic hypercortisolism
      is still best accomplished by the oral administration of dexamethasone. Plasma
      cortisol can be determined the morning after a single midnight dose of 1 mg, or
      urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids can be determined after 2 days in which 0.5 mg
      is given at 6-hr intervals. Patients with hypercortisolism of hypothalamic
      pituitary origin usually evidence appropriate suppression of urinary steroids if
      the dose is increased to 2.0 mg every 6 hr for another 48 hr. In patients who do
      not suppress on this or even higher doses of dexamethasone, the distinction
      between those with adrenal tumor and those with the ectopic ACTH syndrome can be
      accomplished most definitively by the assay of plasma ACTH where this
      determination is available.

PMID- 165366
TI  - Human plasma triglyceride labeling after high sucrose feeding. II. Study on
      triglyceride kinetics and postheparin lipolytic activity.
AB  - Kinetic studies of the very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG)
      turnover by endogenous labeling with glycerol-2-3-H were performed in 13 patients
      in the postabsorptive state, first after 10-14 days on a low-sucrose high-starch
      diet, then again after 10-14 days of isocaloric high-sucrose low-starch diet
      (HSD). After HSD, a significant decrease in the fractional turnover rates of VLDL
      TG was observed, as well as a modest but significant increase in its pool size,
      but the net turnover rates remained unchanged. Using Michaelis-Menten
      formulation, we have further calculated the Vmax and Km's of the removal system
      for VLDL-TG and found that the Vmax and Km's do not differ significantly between
      the two dietary periods. These results suggest that the removal mechanism for
      VLDL-TG has not changed after 10-14 days on the HSD, at least when the patients
      are studied in the postabsorptive state. Measurements of postheparin lipolytic
      acitivty under fed condition in 17 patients (including the 13 patients above)
      have shown a decrease after HSD. However, a defect in the removal of plasma-TG
      related to decreased activity of tissue-lipoprotein lipase in the fed state has
      not been conclusively uncovered by the kinetic studies performed in the
      postabsorptive state, and cannot contribute significantly to the expansion of
      VLDL-TG pool.

PMID- 165368
TI  - Bioassay of pigmentary hormones.

PMID- 165369
TI  - Gonadal receptors for luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin.

PMID- 165370
TI  - Determination of the binding characteristics of insulin to fat cells.

PMID- 165371
TI  - Techniques for the study of polypeptide hormone inactivation at receptor sites.

PMID- 165373
TI  - Pituitary receptor binding assay of hypothalamic releasing factors.

PMID- 165372
TI  - Proteolytic modification of the insulin receptor of adipose tissue cells.

PMID- 165374
TI  - General considerations for radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones.

PMID- 165375
TI  - Methods for assessing thyroid stimulating hormone effects on thyroidal iodide
      transport.

PMID- 165376
TI  - Assessment of in vivo adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment on adrenal
      mitochondrial functions in vitro.

PMID- 165378
TI  - Tritium labeling of sialylated glycoprotein hormones.

PMID- 165377
TI  - Preparation and properties of cytochrome P from endocrine glands.

PMID- 165379
TI  - Preparation and characterization of a hormone antagonist from adipocytes.

PMID- 165380
TI  - Assay of peptide hormones using cell receptors: application to insulin and to
      human growth hormone.

PMID- 165381
TI  - DL-2-keto-4-hydroxyglutarate-1.

PMID- 165382
TI  - Hexopyranoside: cytochrome c oxidoreductase from Agrobacterium.

PMID- 165383
TI  - Triosephosphate dehydrogenase from the honey bee.

PMID- 165384
TI  - D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from hog spinal cord-1.

PMID- 165385
TI  - D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from wheat germ-1.

PMID- 165386
TI  - Determination of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.

PMID- 165387
TI  - Determination of the isoenzyme levels of lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 165388
TI  - Fluorometric determination of dehydrogenase activity using resorufin.

PMID- 165389
TI  - Estimation of fructokinase (ketohexokinase) in crude tissue preparations.

PMID- 165390
TI  - [Congenital disorders of galactose metabolism].

PMID- 165391
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in rabbit cerebrospinal fluid during fever
      induced by E. coli-endotoxin.
AB  - In rabbit cerebrospinal fluid during fever induced by E. coli-endotoxin adenosine
      3',5'-cyclic monophosphate concentrations are about 2-fold higher in comparison
      to normal values. In addition to prostaglandins of the E series adenosine 3',5'
      cyclic monophosphate might act as another mediator in the genesis of fever during
      infectious diseases.

PMID- 165392
TI  - Attempts to detect virus-specific DNA sequences in human tumors. III. Epstein
      Barr viral DNA in non-lymphoid nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
AB  - Fourteen tumors of the nasopharyngeal region were analyzed for the presence of
      Epstein-Barr virus-specific DNA by DNA-cRNA hybridization. These data were
      compared to the histology of the respective tumors and the seroreactivity of the
      tumor-bearing patient against EBV-related antigens. With one exception, all tumor
      pieces containing nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells hybridized significantly with
      EBV-cRNA. Tumors of predominantly epithelial morphology annealed in the highest
      range. In situ-hybridization of freeze sections from a tumor containing almost
      equal amounts of tumor cells and lymphocytes revealed hybridizing DNA within
      nuclei of non-lymphoid cells. Although these data do not exclude the presence of
      EBV-DNA within lymphoid cells, they clearly demonstrate that in nasopharyngeal
      carcinomas the vast majority of EBV-specific DNA rests within non-lymphoid cells.

PMID- 165394
TI  - [Immunoglobulins in some newborn diseases acquired during fetal life].

PMID- 165393
TI  - In vitro cultivation of cells from the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos.
AB  - By treatment of chorioallantoic membranes from embryonated eggs with collagenase
      and hyaluronidase before the conventional application of trypsin cells could be
      grown in culture which supported growth of a large variety of myxoviruses,
      herpesviruses, avian reoviruses and the infectious bronchitis virus of chickens.
      The cultures could be used for sensitive plaque assays and neutralization tests.

PMID- 165396
TI  - Pancreatic glucagonoma: a clinical-angiographic correlation. Case report.

PMID- 165395
TI  - [Amniogrpahy and surfactant. Study of the alveolar surfactant in the fetal lung
      after injection of lipiodol into the amniotic sac].

PMID- 165398
TI  - Protein biosynthesis in a homologous, cell-free system in the presence of chick
      embryo RNA isolated from free and membrane-bound polyribosomes.
AB  - Protein synthesis has been studied in a cell-free system from chick embryo, in
      the presence of homologous RNA isolated from free and endoplasmic reticulum-bound
      polyribosomes. The two RNA fractions showed equal activities in total protein
      synthesis. However, while the RNA from bound polyribosomes mainly supported
      synthesis of high molecular weight, TCA-insoluble polypeptides, the RNA from free
      polyribosomes was more active in the synthesis of low molecular weight, TCA
      soluble polypeptides. Optimal conditions for translation of the two RNA's under
      study were different when studied in a cell-free system with reduced content of
      endogenous matrix. Collagen synthesized in the system was identified by
      collagenase digestion. Collagen synthesis was demonstrated only in the presence
      of RNA from endoplasmic reticulum-bound polyribosomes, and represented 16-19% of
      total protein synthesis.

PMID- 165397
TI  - Investigation of electron transport in the chloroplasts and their fragments by
      the ESR method. II. Light-induced interaction of water-soluble nitroxide radical
      with chloroplasts and chlorophyll containing protein-lipid micelles.
AB  - A light-induced reduction of the water-soluble nitroxide radical by chlorophyll
      in lipid and protein--lipid micelles was demonstrated. In contrast to model
      systems, in whole chloroplasts the NR is photoreduced by the electrons of the
      noncyclic electron transport chain. The initiation of cyclic electron transport
      in light particles, containing only photosystem I, does not lead to
      photoreduction of NR.  When exogenous protein -- human serum albumin -- is added
      to the light particles, the nitroxide radicals are intensively reduced. The
      specific role of protein in electron transport from P700 to the exogenous
      acceptor is discussed.

PMID- 165399
TI  - Reminiscences of Embden's formulation of the Embden-Meyerhof cycle.

PMID- 165400
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast occurring in a husband and wife: a brief communication.

PMID- 165401
TI  - Effects of DNA-polymerase-defective and recombination-deficient mutations on the
      ultraviolet sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis spores.
AB  - The DNA of UV-irradiated Bacillus subtilis spores, which contains 5-thyminyl-5,6
      dihydrothymine (TDHT) as the major thymine photoproduct, is known to be repaired
      during germination by two complementary mechanisms: (I) the well-known excision
      repair, and (2) a special process, "spore repair", which destroys TDHT in situ
      without rendering it acid-soluble. In the absence of both mechanisms TDHT is not
      removed, and spores are highly UV-sensitive. When either of two mutations (pol-59
      and pol-151) giving defective DNA polymerase, or one (rec-A1) giving a
      recombination deficiency are introduced into strains defective in one of these
      known TDHT removal processes, the chemically measured elimination of TDHT from
      spore DNA is unaltered, but spore UV-sensitivity is increased. The pol mutations
      produce their greatest sensitivity increase in spores of strains already
      deficient for the in situ destruction of TDHT, while the rec mutation gives its
      maximum sensitivity increase to spores of strains lacking excision. These facts
      argue that the pol mutations interfere mostly with excision repair (presumably
      its later resynthesis step), shile the rec mutation impairs "spore repair" in
      some step occurring subsequent to the TDHT destruction in situ. With either of
      these impairments of the later repair steps, DNA of UV-irradiated and germinated
      spores is considerably degraded, unless germination is carried out in the
      presence of chloramphenicol.

PMID- 165402
TI  - Genetic analysis of radiation sensitive and chemical-mutagen sensitive mutants of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Thirty-five mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to methyl
      methanesulfonate (MMS) have been genetically characterized. They constitute ten
      separable groups as defined by transduction and conjugation. Three of the groups
      have been shown to be cotransducible with auxotrophic markers.

PMID- 165403
TI  - Host-mediated cytogenetic assay.

PMID- 165404
TI  - Treatment of carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency with keto analogues of
      essential amino acids.
AB  - Congenital carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency was diagnosed by liver biopsy
      in a 13-year-old girl, alpha-Keto analogues of essential amino acids have been
      shown to spare nitrogen by reducing urea formation; hence, they were given to
      this patient in the hope of reducing hyperammonemia and improving protein
      tolerance. After intravenous infusion of the keto analogues of valine, leucine,
      isoleucine, methionine and phenylalanine, the corresponding plasma amino acids,
      including alloisoleucine and tyrosine, rose sharply. Twenty-four hours later,
      fasting plasma ammonia had fallen from the preinfusion value of 0.050 to 0.028
      mM. Protein intake was kept at 0.5 g per kilogram for two weeks. Addition of keto
      acids by mouth reduced plasma ammonia and alanine to normal or near normal
      levels. Seizures and episodes of vomiting and lethargy decreased in frequency.
      Urinary nitrogen decreased, suggesting that nitrogen balance improved. These data
      indicate that keto acids may be useful in the treatment of congenital
      hyperammonemia.

PMID- 165405
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 20-1975.

PMID- 165406
TI  - Letter: Simple test for hypercalciuria?

PMID- 165407
TI  - Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the urethra from 48 (42 per cent) of 113
      men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), four (7 per cent) of 58 without overt
      urethritis, and 13 (19 per cent) of 69 with gonorrhea. Postgonococcal urethritis
      (PGU) developed in 11 of 11 men who had C. trum antibody to C. trachomatisis
      developed. The immunotype specificity of chlamydial antibody corresponded to the
      immunotype isolated. Among culture-negative patients. chlamydial antibody
      prevalence correlated with the number of past sex partners and with previous NGU.
      Herpesvirus hominis, cytomegalovirus, T-mycoplasma, Mycoplasma hominis, other
      bacteria, and Trichomonas vaginalis were not implicated in NGU or PGU. Thus, the
      cause of chlamydia-negative NGU and PGU remains obscure. Endocervical chlamydia
      were found in sex partners of 15 of 22 NGU patients with and two of 24 without
      urethral chlamydial infection (p smaller than 0.001). Tetracycline treatment of
      both sex partners appears advisable.

PMID- 165409
TI  - Letter: What is the determinant for susceptibility to infectious mononucleosis?

PMID- 165408
TI  - Editorial: Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis one piece in the puzzle.

PMID- 165410
TI  - Letter: Activity of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase in human leukocytes.

PMID- 165412
TI  - Letter: Burkitt's lymphoma in a patient treated for Hodgkin's disease: one or two
      diseases?

PMID- 165411
TI  - Renin, aldosterone and glucagon in the natriuresis of fasting.

PMID- 165413
TI  - Letter: Therapy of herpes simplex virus encephalitis.

PMID- 165414
TI  - Letter: Adenovirus 19, a cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, not acute
      hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

PMID- 165415
TI  - Letter: Lithium and the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system.

PMID- 165416
TI  - Acquired agammaglobulinemia after a life-threatening illness with clinical and
      laboratory features of infectious mononucleosis in three related male children.
AB  - Three males in one family (two siblings and one maternal cousin) had an illness
      with cervical adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and a fulminant febrile course. In
      the two survivors agammaglobulinemia developed. One of them became ill at the age
      of six months and had an Epstein-Barr-virus antibody titer of 1:10 during illness
      and convalescence. The white-cell count was 120,000 with 90 per cent lymphocytes,
      most being atypical and forming increased numbers of sheep erythrocyte rosettes.
      IgM was elevated, IgA normal and IgG decreased. Subsequently, all immunoglobulins
      were absent, and the Epstein-Barr-virus antibody titer became negative.
      Peripheral B-cell number remained normal, but abnormal lymph-node architecture
      associated with failure to respond to antigenic challenge indicated B-cell
      dysfunction. The pathogenesis of this entity may involve an abnormal T-cell
      response to transformation of B cells by Epstein-Barr virus, leading to B-cell
      dysfunction and agammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 165417
TI  - Letter: Anergy in patients with syphilis.

PMID- 165418
TI  - Evidence for normal thyroidal adenyl cyclase, cyclic AMP-binding and protein
      kinase activities in Graves' disease.
AB  - The adenyl cyclase, cAMP-binding and protein-kinase activities have been studied
      in thyroid glands from patients with Graves' disease in comparison with normal
      thyroid glands. The basal and TSH-stimulated adenyl cyclase activities were
      tested in crude plasma membrane preparations. The characteristics of the
      intracellular binding of cAMP, i.e., the maximal binding capacity (MBC) for cAMP
      and affinity constant (Ka) of the binding, and the basal and cAMP-stimulated
      protein-kinase activities, were estimated in both the soluble and particulate
      fractions of thyroid tissue. All of these parameters studied were essentially
      normal in Graves' disease. It is concluded that hyperthyroidism in Graves'
      disease is probably not a result of qualitative or quantitative abnormalities in
      the adenyl cyclase-cAMP protein-kinase system.

PMID- 165419
TI  - A sensitive bioassay for the determination of human plasma ACTH levels.
AB  - A sensitive bioassay for the measurement of plasma ACTH is presented. The use of
      silicic acid adsorption of plasma, with a subsequent acid wash and aqueous
      acetone desorption, was successful in removing those substances which had
      interfered with the steroidogenic response of dispersed adrenal cells when
      unextracted plasma was employed. This extraction procedure extracted 72-76% of
      ACTH present in plasma. Two pg ACTH1-39 could be consistently detected. Alpha
      hACTH1-39 and alpha-pACTH1-39 exhibited equal potencies. Beta-MSH was ineffective
      at dosage levels up to 2 x 10(8) pg. One x 10(8) pg of ACTH1-10, ACTH4-10, or
      alpha-MSH had a steroidogenic effect equivalent to that of 40 pg ACTH1-39. ACTH
      17-39 and ACTH 11-24 were incapable of stimulating steroid production at doses of
      1 x 10(8) pg. Excesses of the latter, but not of the former appeared to be able
      to antagonize the steroidogenic effect of ACTH1-39. Plasma from normal subjects,
      bioassayed by this extraction procedure, contained 12-186 pg/ml ACTH at 0400
      0800: 14-93 pg/ml ACTH at 1000-1300, and less than 10-34 pg/ml ACTH at 1600-2200.
      Hypoglycemia and vasopressin administration were followed by increases in plasma
      ACTH concentratrations. Plasma ACTH concentrations in untreated patients with
      Cushing's disease (sampled over the period 0900-1300) ranged from 65-220 pg/ml.
      Three patients with Addison's disease (untreated or 12 h following replacement
      steroid withdrawal) had ACTH concentrations of 223, 370 and 1226 pg/ml. Markedly
      elevated ACTH concentrations were observed in a patient with Nelson's syndrome
      (391 and 835 pg/ml). Bioassayable ACTH was not detected in 2 patients with
      panhypopituitarism.

PMID- 165420
TI  - Reaction of mouse strains to skin test for ectromelia using an allied virus as
      inoculum.

PMID- 165421
TI  - Mycobacterium microti may protect itself from intracellular destruction by
      releasing cyclic AMP into phagosomes.

PMID- 165422
TI  - Immunoreactive thyrotrophin releasing factor in gastropod circumoesophageal
      ganglia.

PMID- 165423
TI  - Possible placental origin of ACTH in normal human pregnancy.

PMID- 165424
TI  - Chromatographic demonstration of mineralocorticoid-specific receptors in rat
      kidney.

PMID- 165425
TI  - Photoreactivation of herpes simplex virus in human fibroblasts.

PMID- 165426
TI  - Cyclic AMP and the production of sex pili by E. coli K-12 carrying derepressed
      sex factors.

PMID- 165427
TI  - 5'-Terminal 7-methylguanosine in eukaryotic mRNA is required for translation.
AB  - Unmethylated reovirus and VSV mRNAs are specifically methylated to form 5'
      terminal structures of the type, m-7-G(5')ppp(5')N by protein synthesising
      extracts prepared from wheat germ and mouse L cells. Reticulocyte mRNA also
      contains 5'-terminal m-7-G. MRNAs having 5'-terminal m-7-G stimulate protein
      synthesis in vitro. Removal of m-7-G by beta-elimination abolishes translation of
      the mRNAs.

PMID- 165428
TI  - Novel initiation of RNA synthesis in vitro by vesicular stomatitis virus.

PMID- 165429
TI  - Morphine abstinence is associated with increased brain cyclic AMP.

PMID- 165430
TI  - Impulse-flow regulation of high affinity choline uptake in brain cholinergic
      nerve terminals.

PMID- 165431
TI  - Induction of increased calcium uptake in mouse T lymphocytes by concanavalin A
      and its modulation by cyclic nucleotides.
AB  - The binding of concanavqlin A to T but not B mouse spleen lymphocytes increases
      Ca-2+ uptake in these cells which is measurable by 45 s and complete by 1 min.
      Dibutyrl cyclic AMP, but not sodium azide inhibits induced Ca-2+ uptake, wheras
      dibutyryl cyclic GMP enhances it. B cell mitogens do not cause a similar Ca-2+
      uptake in mouse B lymphocytes. The induction of increased Ca-2+ uptake by T cells
      is discussed in terms of gated membrane channels for Ca-2+.

PMID- 165432
TI  - Rhythmic and phytochrome-regulated changes in transmembrane potential in samanea
      pulvini.

PMID- 165433
TI  - Inhibition of Fc receptors on a murine lymphoid cell line by cholera exotoxin.

PMID- 165434
TI  - Lead-induced inhibition of brain adenyl cyclase.

PMID- 165435
TI  - More similarity between bakers'yeast L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase and liver
      microsomal cytochrome b5.

PMID- 165436
TI  - [Depressive psychoses in the course of brain tumors].

PMID- 165437
TI  - An outline of the uremic syndrome.

PMID- 165438
TI  - Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the regulation of plasma
      potassium in chronic renal disease.
AB  - The relationship between plasma potassium concentration and the renin-angiotensin
      aldosterone system was evaluated in ten patients with chronic renal failure
      (creatinine clearance 10-56 ml/min).  Under basal conditions and following
      various stimulation maneuvers, normokalemic patients demonstrated normal plasma
      renin and aldosterone levels.  Five of six patients with hyperkalemia had
      diminished function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; their ability to
      conserve sodium during salt depletion was less than that of normokalemic
      patients.  The data suggest that the maintenance of plasma potassium levels in
      these patients is dependent of the presence of a normally functioning renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone system; aldosterone activity may be an important
      determinant of sodium conservation in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 165439
TI  - The role of catecholamines in the action of amphetamine and L-DOPA on cerebral
      energy metabolism.

PMID- 165440
TI  - Mononeuropathy multiplex as a complication of amphetamine angiitis.
AB  - A patient who abused multiple drugs developed a rapidly progressive
      mononeuropathy multiplex, which appeared to respond to corticosteroid therapy
      with partial resolution. Intravenous methamphetamine had been used almost
      exclusively from the fourth month prior to the onset of symptoms. Biopsy material
      revealed a necrotizing angiitis involving medium and small sized arteries,
      capillaries, and venules, typical of a hypersensitivity-type angiopathy, rather
      than the previously reported polyarteritis nodosa-type lesions secondary to
      illicit drugs. The apparent response to corticosteroids suggests that these
      agents might be useful in the treatment of some complications of drug abuse.

PMID- 165441
TI  - Interconversion of bacterial agents causing botulism and gas gangrene.

PMID- 165442
TI  - The long-acting thyroid stimulatory: is it of importance in Graves' disease.

PMID- 165443
TI  - A review of photodynamic therapy for herpes simplex: benefits and potential
      risks.

PMID- 165444
TI  - [Hepatitis B antigen in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma].

PMID- 165445
TI  - [Peripheral neurologic iiplications of shoulder pain: incisura scapulae
      syndrome].

PMID- 165446
TI  - A cytochemical study of some enzyme activities in biliverdin-treated cell
      cultures.
AB  - The authors studied the modifications of the activities of some enzymes in cell
      cultures submitted to the action of biliverdin. This biliary pigment rapidly
      induces a remarkable increase in alkaline phosphatase and ATP-ase activities and
      subsequently, an activation of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. On the
      contrary, 5'-nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities remain unchanged.
      These results are discussed and compared with those obtained in our and other
      laboratories by using unconjugated bilirubin on different biological substrates.

PMID- 165447
TI  - [Immunochemical study of liver metastases of colonic tumors].
AB  - This work demonstrated that anti-CEA and anti-NCA antibodies can be obtained from
      liver metastases of colonic carcinoma. The various antigens that have been
      identifiedin colonic tumor are found in liver metastases. Furthermore, the
      healthy parts of a metastatic liver contain not only CEA but also NCA.

PMID- 165448
TI  - [Viral contamination in laboratories and hospital units].
AB  - Viral contamination is at least as important in hospital laboratories and wards
      as contamination by bacteria or microscopic fungi, but it is much more insidious
      and sometimes unrecognized. There are two main types: The first has a purely
      technical effect and only interest the virologist. This is contamination of
      reagents, reference strains, cell cultures, etc.., by foreign viral agents. It
      may be the cause of errors on diagnosis or regrettable errors of interpretation
      of certain experimental data. It is most difficult to detect, if not to avoid.
      The second is much more worrying as it is liable to cause disease in man, which
      may induce severe, and even fatal infections in patients or in the medical, para
      medical and technical personnel. This is the case with type B hepatitis virus
      which tends to invade surgical units using extra-corporeal circulation,
      hemodialysis units and transplantation units, blood transfusion centres, dental
      units and even causes victims in routine laboratories. However, type B hepatitis
      is not the only virus which may lead to severe infections; other viruses include:
      poxvirus, cytomegalovirus, arbovirus, etc. Finally, other often severe accidents
      may occur in research laboratories and in the pharmaceutical industry, owing to
      manipulation of dangerous viruses or by contact with experimental animals, e.g.
      rodents, or monkeys, which contain the virus in a latent state, e.g. lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis, Sabin virus, Marburg virus, type A hepatitis virus, etc. With
      regard to such accidents, we are almost completely powerless from the therapeutic
      point of view and, even poorly equipped, from the point of view of prophylaxis.

PMID- 165449
TI  - [Prolactin and breast cancers].
AB  - Prolactin has a cocarcinogenic activity in the rat and mouse as its
      administration or stimulation of endogenous secretion increases the incidence and
      reduces the latent period of breast tumours, whether spontaneous or induced by
      chemical carcinogens. Prolonged hyperprolactinemia obtained by neutralizing the
      inhibitory influence of the hypothalamus on its secretion and liberation, favours
      the development of breast carcinoma and inversely. (Estrogens and prolactin exert
      a synergistic effect, both centrally and peripherally, on the acinar cells of the
      breast. Prolactin dependency of these mammary carcinomas is due to the
      persistence of specific cell receptors. In human pathology, it has not yet been
      possible to demonstrate a comparable effect of prolactin. Radioimmunoassay of
      plasma prolactin and specific receptors, together with epidemiological enquiries,
      should rapidly confirm or refute the cocarcinogenic effect of prolactin.

PMID- 165450
TI  - Effects of therapeutic irradiation delivered in early childhood upon subsequent
      lung function.
AB  - To determine the long-term effects of therapeutic pulmonary irradiation and
      treatment with actinomycin D during a period of lung growth, 12 patients treated
      for Wilms' tumor metastatic to the lung and 8 patients treated for Wilms' tumor
      with no evidence of pulmonary metastases were studied 7 to 14 years after their
      initial tumor therapy. All patients had received irradiation to the tumor bed and
      treatment with actinomycin D. Group 1 had received a single course of bilateral
      pulmonary irradiation; group 2 had received additional pulmonary irradiation
      and/or thoracic surgery; group 3 had received no therapeutic irradiation directed
      primarily to the chest. Total lung capacity (TLC) averaged 71% of predicted value
      in group 1, 58% in group 2, and 94% in group 3. Diffusing capacity in groups 1
      and 2 was reduced to the same extent as lung volume. Quasi-static pressure-volume
      relationships, studied in three of six patients in group 1, were within the
      normal range when lung volume was expressed as percentage of observed TLC. Airway
      resistance, evaluated by spirometry, maximum expiratory flow-volume curves, and
      resistance of the total respiratory system, was normal or reduced. The data
      support the hypothesis that therapeutic irradiation during a period of lung
      growth primarily affects the lung parenchyma and produces a decrease in
      subsequent size of both the lung and chest wall. No effect of actinomycin D alone
      upon the lung could be demonstrated.

PMID- 165451
TI  - Letter: Petechiae: due to adenovirus type 7 infection or to acetylsalicylic acid
      therapy?

PMID- 165452
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome: hypothesis of causation.
AB  - The airway of the young infant is anatomically vulnerable at the oropharyngeal
      level between the soft palate and the base of the skull.  Airway occlusion at
      this level might occur during the muscle relaxation which occurs during REM
      sleep, facilitated by a hypermobile mandible, by the hypotonia of infection,
      perhaps by an enlarged tongue with a strong backwards sucking action which might
      be the result of the artificial feeding of the infant.  It is possible that "cot
      deaths" (SIDS) may be precipitated by such oropharyngeal airway occlusion,
      cardiac arrest following variable periods of partial or complete oxygen
      deprivation.

PMID- 165453
TI  - Antiviral chemotherapy and neonatal herpes simplex virus infecition: a pilot
      study--experience with adenine arabinoside (ARA-A).
AB  - Among 13 neonates with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, eight had
      disseminated disease, one localized CNS disease, and in four the infection was
      confined to the skin and eyes. Ara-A, a purine nucleoside with anti-viral
      activity against DNA-VIRUSES, WAS GIVEN (10 TO 20 MG/MG/DAY) BY A CONTINUOUS 12
      HOUR INTRAVENOUS DRIP FOR 10 TO 15 DAYS. In all, ara-A administration was begun
      within three to eight days after the appearance of skin vesicles which
      represented the hallmark of the disease. Both diagnosis and ara-A treatment were
      much delayed in one infant without skin vesicles and four infants whose skin
      vesicles appeared late, long after the occurrence of CNS damage. In this group of
      infants with disseminated disease, four died and one infant was left with severe
      neurological deficits. Eight infants (four with disseminated and four with
      localized skin disease) with skin vesicles as the earliest sign of infection
      received ara-A early, within three days after the onset of neurologic signs. All
      survived with no neurologic deficit at 6 months to 1 year of age. There was no
      apparent toxicity of ara-A to the bonemarrow, liver, or kidney.

PMID- 165454
TI  - The absorption of iron as supplements in infant cereal and infant formulas.
AB  - The absorption of iron was measured from isotopically tagged salts used in
      supplementing infant cereals and as the iron supplement in cow's milk and soy
      based formulas.  Iron as sodium iron pryophosphate and ferric orthophosphate were
      poorly absorbed from infant cereal (mean, smaller than 1.0%) and thus are not
      dependable sources of iron to meet the nutritional needs of infants.  Reduced
      iron of very small particle size and ferrous sulfate when added to cereal was
      absorbed to a greater extent (mean, 4.0% and 2.7% respectively).  For technical
      reasons, these two forms of iron had not been added to commercial cereal products
      because of discoloration, distribution problems of the iron in the product, and
      shortened shelf life.  Therefore, at the present time, iron supplementation of
      infant cereals with sodium iron pyrophosphate, ferric orthophosphate, and reduced
      iron of large particle size does not provide a predictable and available source
      of iron to meet the needs of infants.  Supplemental iron as ferrous sulfate in
      milk- and soy-based formulas gave a mean absorption of 3.4% and 5.4%.  The iron
      supplements in these formulas can essentially meet the needs for dietary iron of
      healthy infants.

PMID- 165456
TI  - [Etiology of acute stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis].

PMID- 165455
TI  - [Characteristics of clinical course of para-influenza infection in the newborns
      and infants of the first 3 months of life].

PMID- 165457
TI  - [Association of herpetic infection with respiratory viral infections in
      children].

PMID- 165458
TI  - [Amniotic disease].

PMID- 165459
TI  - [Hereditary type E brachydactylia. Apropos of a familial case].

PMID- 165460
TI  - [Calcium metabolism in the newborn infant].

PMID- 165462
TI  - [Peculiarities of lymphocytes during dermatosis. Ultrastructural study of 100
      cases].
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from one hundred patients with skin disorders have
      been examined under the electron microscope. The bloods of 20 donors were used as
      controls. One observed: Branched Tubular Structures (so-called Lupus type
      inclusions) in 8 cases (4 systemic Lupus Erythematosus out of 15; I mixed
      connective tissue disorder; 3 cutaneous lymphomas). As regards Lupus, these
      findings are in agreement with those already reported in the literature. However,
      the presence of such inclusions in Lymphomas calls attention once again on the
      fact that the lymphocyte appears like a possible common denominator to both
      autoimmune diseases and lymphomas; Intented or cerebriform nuclei in 12 cases,
      all lymphomas, including 8 cases of Sezary Syndrome out of 8 and 4 Mycosis
      Fungoides out of 12; Lamellar type inclusions, similar to those described by
      Hovig, in 13 cases (connective tissue disease 1, lymphomas 2, psoriasis 4,
      miscellaneous 4, healthy controls 2). Their meaning is unclear; they may be
      artifacts.

PMID- 165463
TI  - [Letter: Nephrotic syndrome in a drug-addict. Possible role of hepatitis virus
      b].

PMID- 165461
TI  - [Chemotherapeutic combinations of mutually potentiating drugs. 3-Application to
      primary tumors of the central nervous system].
AB  - 17 patients suffering from primary tumours of the central nervous system
      recurring after surgery and/or radiotherapy, received chemotherapy consisting of
      the administration of VM 26 followed by CCNU. Each cycle of treatment lasted four
      days and was restarted only after an average interval of 30 days to allow for
      haematological recovery. All of the patients in the trial have been under
      treatment for eight months. Five (28 p.cent) are at present in complete remission
      with no residual clinical, isotopic or radiological signs. In six others there
      was tumour regression and in four neurological stabilisation. In all those cases
      where objective tumour regression was obtained functional improvement was noted.

PMID- 165464
TI  - [Surgery in the treatment of pulmonary metastases from placental tumors].

PMID- 165465
TI  - [Is progesterone insufficiency carcihogenic?].
AB  - Estradiol is a natural estrogen which favors cellular hyperplasia at the level of
      its target organs. As for progesterone, its activity may be synergic or
      antagonist of estradiol. In the first case, progesterone has generally a
      secretory activity upon the target cells "prepared" by estrogens, in particular
      the cells of the female genital tract (uterus, breast). In the second case,
      progesterone may be an antiestrogen not only at the level of genital cells but
      also at the level of other receptors such as vascular system, etc. If an
      unbalance occurs in the quantitative and chronological ratio between estradiol
      and progesterone production (which determines the number of target cells and
      their secretory activity), a cellular dysplasia may be observed. This unbalance
      is generally characterized by an insufficiency in progesterone secretion which
      may be physiological  (puberty, menopause) or pathological. Such a progesterone
      insufficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of genital cancers (endometrial
      and possibly mammary). Experimental data which give some support to such an
      hypothesis are reported. They emphasize the importance of treatment of the
      progesterone insufficiency of the premenopausal period in women with the aim of
      preventing cellular dysplasia of the female genital tract.

PMID- 165466
TI  - [Relation between endocrinology and psychiatry. Some recent developments].
AB  - Relations between Endocrinology and Psychiatry are developing in two main
      directions: Behavioural effects of hormones. After the effects of peripheral
      hormones, recent works are concerned with A.C.T.H. and Antidiuretic Hormone
      (which interfere with memory process) and with Hypothalamic Peptides (which might
      have psychotropic properties, independant of their endocrine regulation
      function). -Correlations between psychiatric syndroms and endocrine disorders. In
      some mentally depressed patients, disorders of the hypothalamic control of
      Coricotrophin, Growth Hormone and Thyreo-stimulating Hormone, have been observed.
      As many psychotropic drugs can influence the secretion of Prolactin, a systematic
      survey of this hormone in various mental illnesses, is suggested.

PMID- 165467
TI  - [Letter: Obstructive cardiomyopathy revealed by diazoxide].

PMID- 165468
TI  - Determination of the 3' terminal nucleotide of DNA fragments.
AB  - A new method for determining the 3'-terminal nucleotide of a DNA strand is
      presented. Use is made of the fact that one (and only one) 2',3'
      dideoxyribonucleotide can be added to the 3'-end of a DNA fragment with calf
      thymus terminal transferase. Addition of more than one nucleotide analog per
      strand is impossible due to the absence of a 3'-terminal hydroxyl group. If the
      terminatind dideoxyribonucleotide contains an (alpha 32p) label, the resulting 3'
      blocked strand can be digested by "nearest neighbor" techniques and the original
      3'-endgroup determined. Picomole quantities of DNA strands can be labeled and the
      3'-end determined.

PMID- 165469
TI  - Antiviral activity of polynucleotides: copolymers of inosinic acid and N2
      dimethylguanylic of 2-methylthioinosinic acid.
AB  - Complexes of poly(C) with copolymers of inosinic acid containing various amounts
      of mismatched bases (see journal for formula) have been examined for direct
      resistance to virus infection, interferon induction and toxicity in two different
      cell cultures (primary rabbit kidney cells and mouse L-929 cells). Complexes in
      which 20% of the hypoxanthine bases were replaced by (see journal for formula) or
      ms-2I were partially active whereas complexes in which 40% or more of the
      hypoxanthine bases were replaced by the odd bases were entirely inactive. The
      decrease in biological activity observed upon intrusion of (see journal for
      formula) or ms-2I in the poly(I) strand of poly(I) with poly(C) closely
      paralleled the amount of odd bases introduced irrespective of the system employed
      to assess the biological activity (resistance to virus infection, interferon
      induction or toxicity).

PMID- 165470
TI  - The public health nurse in mental health follow-up care.
AB  - To discover if psychiatric patients who received follow-up care in the home by
      public health nurses could assume a functional role in the family. and in the
      community to a greater extent than similar patients who did not receive home
      care, a sample of all chronic undifferentiated and paranoid schizophrenics who
      had been released from a Georgia mental hospital within a one-year period and who
      were receiving follow-up care in the home by the public health nurse was selected
      from County A and matched according to diagnosis, time released from the
      hospital, age, sex, race, income, education, and marital status as closely as
      possible with a sample of patients from County B who were not receiving such
      follow-up care. Eight pairs of patients were interviewed and rated according to
      the Psychiatric Status Schedule; six pairs of patients were rated on a
      questionnaire by a significant member of the family as to the amount of burden
      they imposed on the family. The rate of patients readmitted to the hospital was
      also calculated for each sample group and compared. No statistically significant
      differences were found in the readmission rate, functioning level in the family
      and the community, or burden on the family

PMID- 165471
TI  - The Diogenes syndrome.

PMID- 165472
TI  - Early discharge in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 165474
TI  - [Physiologic aspects of the action of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing
      hormones].

PMID- 165473
TI  - Patient and family education after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 165475
TI  - [Regulation of progesterone biosynthesis in the ovaries and placenta].

PMID- 165476
TI  - [The functional state of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in tumors of the
      pituitary and diencephalic area].
AB  - A study was made of 38 persons, including 25--with acromegaly, 5--with
      chromophobic adenomas of the hypophysis, 3--with diencephalic tumours and 5
      healthy individuals.  STH, TTH and ACTH were determined in the blood plasma with
      the aid of radioimmunological methods under basic conditions and L-DOPA loading
      (10 mg per 1 kg of weight) with insulin (0.10 U/kg).  There was an increase in
      the plasma content of STH, TTH and ACTH with a maximum 60 min after the
      administration of L-DOPA.  In the patients with acromegaly STH increased
      considerably, and in cases with chromophobic adenomas and diencephalic tumours-
      less.  ACTH level was also elevated.  STH and ACTH level rose after insulin
      hypoglycemia.  Possible mechanisms of a stimulating action of L-DOPA and insulin
      are discussed.

PMID- 165478
TI  - [The effect of estrogens on the concentration of estradiol receptors in rat
      uterus, kidneys and liver].
AB  - The concentration of receptors to E2 decreased in the uterine cytoplasm of rat
      uterus and increased in the nuclei during sexual maturation.  With ageing this
      index in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of the uterus fell, and failed to alter
      during pregnancy.  After ovariectomy the concentration of the receptors increased
      in the uterine cytoplasm, but no marked changes in the receptors occurred in the
      nuclei.  No significant changes were revealed in the receptors to E2 in sexual
      maturation, pregnancy and ovariectomy in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of the
      kidneys and the liver.  Administration to rats of E2 produced a reduction of the
      concentration of receptors to E2 in the cytoplasm of the uterus, kidneys and the
      liver and an increase in their content in the nuclei of the uterus and the liver.

PMID- 165477
TI  - [A comparative analysis of the behavior of two labeled ACTH preparations in the
      body].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats.  A study was made of the
      intensity of incorporation into the liver, kidneys, the thyroid gland, the
      adrenal glands and the rate of elimination from the blood plasma of two ACTH
      preparations iodated by Greenwood's method: International Standard for
      Corticotropin, Mill Hill, London; Hum ACTH--Hid-28, Richter.  It appeared that
      the preparations of natural swine -125-I-ACTH and of synthetic -131-I-ACTH were
      identical chromatographically and by saturation with iodine-125 and iodine-131,
      respectively, but differed by their behaviour in the organism.  T1/2 for -125-I
      ACTH (swine) was 4.7 min; the hormone was not incorporated into hepatic
      parenchyma, and only very weakly--into the kidneys, but it was intensively
      accumulated by the adrenal galnds.  Radioactivity peak was recorded in the
      adrenal cortex 6 minutes after the administration of the labeled hormone.  -131-I
      ACTH (synthetic) disappeared from the blood with a falf-period of 11.2 min, was
      incorporated into the liver and particularly into the kidneys, and was not
      accumulated in the adrenal gland.

PMID- 165479
TI  - [Stimulation of the protein synthesizing capacity of thyroid gland polyribosomes
      in vitro under the influence of cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate].
AB  - It was shown that cAMP increased the capacity of polyribosomes of the thyroid
      glands to the labeled phenylalanine incorporation into the protein by 51 per
      cent.  Preincubation of microsomes or ribosomes with cAMP in the cell-free
      protein-synthesizing system also increased the incorporation of the labeled amino
      acids into the protein by 54 and 49 per cent, respectively.  The optimal effect
      occurred with the concentration of cAMP of 0.2 mg/ml. cAMP in a concentration of
      0.8 mg/ml inhibited the incorporation of the labeled amino acids by 32 per cent. 
      This can possibly be attributed to the forming products of cAMP degradation. 
      Modification of the protein-synthesizing system (ATP--1 mM. GTP--1.6 mM) led to
      the fact of an increase in the level of the labeled amino acid incorporation into
      the protein by 54 per cent; the simulating effect of cAMP persisted.  In the
      absence of ATP in the incubation medium addition of cAMP failed to stimulate the
      protein synthesis.  Thus, cAMP stimulated protein synthesis in the thyroid gland
      in vitro, with utilization of ribonucleoproteid particles.

PMID- 165480
TI  - Induction of erythroid differentiation in murine virus infected eythroleukemia
      cells by highly polar compounds.
AB  - Murine-virus-infected erythroleukemia cells cultured in a medium with
      dimethylsulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide are induced to differentiate to
      erythroid cells. A number of highly polar compounds have a similar effect in
      inducing erythroid differentiation of the virus-infected cells, as assayed by the
      appearance of hemoglobin. These compounds are 1-methyl-1-2-piperidone, N,N
      dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N-methylacetamide, 2-pyrrolidinone,
      propionamide, pyridine-N-oxide, piperidone, N-methylformamide, acetamide, and
      triethylene glycol. It has been previously reported that dimethylsulfoxide must
      be present during DNA synthesis and, possibly, shortly therafter, to induce
      differentiation. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that
      dimethylsulfoxide and related polar compounds act by changing the conformation of
      DNA or a DNA-protein complex, causing an alteration in transcription that leads
      to the expression of the program of erythroid differentiation.

PMID- 165481
TI  - Host induced alteration of avian sarcoma virus B-77 genome.
AB  - The genome of an avian oncornavirus was altered after infection of a heterologous
      host. This was studied with avian sarcoma virus B-77 in duck embryonic
      fibroblasts (DEF) and chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF). To detect alteration
      of the viral genome, we hybridized 35S B-77 RNA with normal duck DNA by either
      one of two techniques:when viral RNA was in excess and when DNA was in excess.
      The RNA of B-77 passaged only in gs minus chf minus CEF does not have homology
      with duck DNA. However, after several passages of B-77 through DEF the viral
      genome acquired duck specific RNA sequences. After 4 and 10 passages, B-77 RNA
      acquired 2.2 and 6.6%, respectively, complementarity to normal duck DNA. The duck
      specific RNA sequences were found to be covalently linked to the B-77 RNA genome.
      Also, the host specific sequences acquired by the virus appear to be from a
      region of the duck DNA which is repeated four to six times per cell. After 5 back
      passages in CEF some of the duck specific RNA sequences in the viral genome were
      lost.

PMID- 165482
TI  - Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP concentrations in serum- and density-restricted
      fibroblast cultures.
AB  - Mouse fibroblasts transformed by simian virus 40 (SV3T3 cells) are characterized
      by cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels, respectively, about half and twice those
      found in growing untransformed 3T3 cells. Density-dependent inhibition of growth
      is correlated with reduced cyclic GMP concentrations in 3T3 and four different
      density-restricted revertant lines derived from SV3T3. The levels of cyclic AMP
      are not increased at confluence. Upon serum restriction, serum-dependent cell
      lines show a greater increase in intracellular cAMP than serum-insensitive lines.
      Cyclic GMP levels are greatly reduced, even in serum-insensitive density
      revertants, but not in SV3T3. Serum readdition to all serum-dependent lines is
      followed by a rapid decrease in cyclic AMP and increase in cyclic GMP
      concentrations. The magnitude of these responses is decreased in SV3T3 and
      density revertants.

PMID- 165483
TI  - Interaction of a spin-labeled long chain acylcholine with the cholinergic
      receptor protein in its membrane environment.
AB  - The choline ester of a spin-labeled fatty acid, 8-doxylpalmitocylcholine, CH3-
      (CH2)7--CR-(CH2)6-- + COO--(CH2)2--N(CH3)3, where R is the paramagnetic 4',4'
      dimethyloxazolidine-N-oxyl (doxyl) ring has been synthesized. 8
      Doxylpalmitoylcholine blocks reversibly the depolarization of Electrophorus
      electroplaque elicited by the bath application of carbamylcholine. It slows down
      the initial rate of binding of the alpha-[3-H]toxin from Naja nigricollis to
      receptor-rich membranes fragments from Torpedo, and it displaces [3
      H]acetylcholine bound to the cholinergic receptor site present in these
      fragments. Electron spin resonance spectra of 8-doxylpalmitoylcholine in the
      presence of the receptor-rich membrane fragments show complete immobilization of
      the spin label. Various cholinergic agents tested, including N. nigricollis alpha
      toxin, reverse this immobilization, probably by displacing the 8
      doxylpalmitoylcholine from its complex with the cholinergic receptor protein to
      the lipid phase of the membrane.

PMID- 165484
TI  - Plasminogen-independent fibrinolysis by proteases produced by transformed chick
      embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - The fibrinolytic activity of proteases secreted by chick embryo fibroblasts
      infected with Rous sarcoma virus was studied by use of a procedure in which a
      fibrin clot was formed with highly purified fibrinogen and thrombin above the
      cell layer. This procedure results in the formation of fibrin that is apparently
      a more suitable substrate for studies on fibrinolysis than is fibrin prepared by
      other methods. Since neither plasminogen nor serum were included in the assay
      system in the present studies, the fibrinolytic activity observed cannot be
      ascribed to the conversion of the plasminogen in serum to plasmin by a
      plasminogen activator produced by transformed cells. Our procedure, therefore,
      measures proteolytic activities other than those reported by previous
      investigators. Maintenance of some of the transformed phenotypes of Rous sarcoma
      virus transformed chick embryo fibroblasts such as morpholigical change and
      increased rate of glucose uptake apparently does not depend on the presence of
      plasminogen in the culture medium.

PMID- 165485
TI  - Affinity chromatography of viral DNA polymerases on pyran-sepharose.
AB  - Pyran covalently linked to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose has been shown to
      be an effective affinity matrix for several viral DNA polymerases. Differential
      salt elution of viral compared with cellular polymerases, as well as substrate
      elution, suggests the affinity nature for the matrix. Unlike some other affinity
      systems described, pyran-Sepharose is totally resistant to nuclease digestion and
      is stable at 4 degrees for several months. DNA polymerases isolated from several
      viruses by detergent treatment were recovered in good yield. Analysis of
      iodinated proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis revealed that
      the DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus found in crude preparations of
      the virus could be purified nearly to homogeneity by a single passage through the
      column. These results suggest that pyran-Sepharose is an effective affinity
      column that is potentially adaptable as part of a general purification procedure
      for viral DNA polymerases.

PMID- 165486
TI  - Stimulation of DNA polymerase by factors isolated from Novikoff hepatoma.
AB  - Extracts of Novikoff hepatoma cells contain factors capable of stimulating in
      vitro DNA synthesis several fold. The activity can be resolved into three
      separate protein peaks on DEAE-Sephadex. Two of these, factors II and III, have
      been purified and partially characterized. Both factors increase the initial rate
      of DNA synthesis and allow synthesis to proceed much longer. If either factor is
      added after synthesis by the DNA polymerase has reached a plateau, resumption of
      synthesis occurs. The factors appear to have different modes of action or sites
      of action since they show an additive effect even when a single one is used at
      saturating conditions. These factors are present in normal rat liver but at a
      concentration less than 5% of that found in the tumor cells. When tested with
      several highly purified DNA polymerases (DNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7),
      the factors show a much greater stimulation of homologous, non-mitochondrial
      enzymes (rat liver nuclear-, rat liver cytoplasmic-, or Novikoff-DNA polymerases)
      when compared with rat liver or calf liver mitochondrial-, Escherichia coli I-,
      or sea urchin nuclear-DNA polymerases. The mechanism of action of these factors
      is not known at present. No enzymatic activity has been associated with factor
      III. Highly purified, but not homogeneous, preparations of factor II contain low
      levels of endonuclease; it has not been established whether endonuclease is a
      contaminant or is responsible for the stimulating activity.

PMID- 165488
TI  - Physical properties of New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus and its
      defective particles.
AB  - The wild-type New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus generated two
      types of defective interfering T-particles. The physical properties of these
      particles and the wild-type virion were determined by laser light scattering
      spectroscopy, sedimentation measurements, and electron microscopy.

PMID- 165487
TI  - Methylation-dependent translation of viral messenger RNAs in vitro.
AB  - Methylated reovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus mRNAs, synthesized in vitro in
      the presence of S-adenosylmethionine by the virion-associated polymerases (RNA
      nucleotidyltransferases, EC 2.7.7.6), stimulate protein synthesis by wehat germ
      extracts to a greater extent than unmethylated mRNAs. Addition of S
      adenosylmethionine to a cell-free extract programmed with unmethylated mRNA
      stimulates protein synthesis and results in methylation of the mRNA. An inhibitor
      of mRNA methylation. S-adenosylhomocysteine, blocks translation of unmethylated,
      but not of methylated, mRNAs. Aurintricarboxylic acid, which inhibits
      polypepetide chain initiation, also prevents mRNA methylation by wheat germ
      extracts. In contrast, sparsomycin, which inhibits polypeptide chain elongation,
      does not reduce mRNA methylation. The results indicate that methylation of viral
      mRNA is required for translation in vitro and suggest that mRNA methylation
      occurs at the initiation step of protein synthesis.

PMID- 165489
TI  - Lack of detectable change in cyclic AMP during the cardiac inotropic response to
      isoproterenol immobilized on glass beads.
AB  - Changes in contractility and the levels of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphoric
      acid (cAMP) were assessed in isolated cat cardiac muscle in response to soluble
      isoproterenol and isoproterenol immobilized on glass beads. Drug-induced positive
      inotropic responses were compared to the maximum isometric force achieved with
      paired electrical stimulation, a potent physiological inotropic stimulus.
      Isoproterenol (1 muM) in solution increased the force of contraction 0.832 plus
      or minus 0.165 g at 60 sec in eight muscles tested, which at 60 and 120 sec
      averaged 65.5 plus or minus 6.5% and 82.9 plus or minus 8.8%, respectively, of
      the force with paired electrical stimulation. Isoproterenol immobilized on glass
      beads gave positive inotropic responses similar to those for the soluble form of
      the drug. Placement of only three isoproterenol-glass beads on the muscles
      increased the force of contraction 0.742 plus or minus 0.166 g at 60 sec (n
      equals 11), which at 60 and 120 sec averaged 45.1 plus or minus 7.0% and 58.6
      plus or minus 6.4%, respectively, of the force with paired electrical
      stimulation. The magnitude of this response indicates that the increased force
      was developed by at least 60% of the cells in each muscle. Control levels of cAMP
      were 0.527 plus or minus 0.049 pmol/mg of tissue wet weight, n equals 11. cAMP
      levels 60 sec after 1 muM soluble isoproterenol was added were 1.212 plus or
      minus 0.085 pmol/mg; in contrast, the levels of cAMP in response to isoproterenol
      immobilized on glass beads at 60 sec were 0.490 plus or minus 0.060 pmol/mg, not
      significantly different from control levels. These data indicate that cAMP may
      not be involved in the propagation of the inotropic response that must have
      occurred in these cardiac muscles and raise questions as to the physiological
      significance of the large cAMP increases that occur in response to soluble drugs
      and hormones.

PMID- 165490
TI  - Epithelial cell death and cyclic AMP increase during palatal development.
AB  - Cyclic AMP levels increase abruptly in the secondary palatal shelf (mesenchyme
      plus a two- to three-cell-layered epithelium) between day 15 and 16 of gestation
      in the rat embryo. The addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP to the media in which
      immature palatal shelves (day 14) are cultured causes a precocious decrease in
      DNA synthesis, but increased glycoprotein synthesis and epithelial adhesiveness.
      These changes are most evident in the medial-edge epithelial cells and resemble
      the developmental events that occur normally on day 15 and 16 during formation of
      the secondary palate. The initiation of epithelial cell death and adhesiveness in
      the medial edge of the palatal shelf may be mediated through an increase in
      cyclic AMP.

PMID- 165492
TI  - Cyclic AMP and immune responses: changes in the splenic level of cyclic AMP
      during the response of mice to antigen.
AB  - Intravenous injection of sheep erythrocytes into normal immunologically competent
      C57BL/6J mice results in significant and characteristic changes in the splenic
      level of 3':5'-cAMP with initiation of the immune response and proliferation of
      antibody-forming cells. The level increases 2- to 3-fold initially, peaks at 2
      min, and returns to base level in an hour. Between 2 and 5 days there is a
      decrease, followed by a peak when the rate of proliferation of antibody-forming
      cells is maximal. Changes in splenic level of cAMP are thus transitory and
      biphasic, and they occur only in response to foreign substances that are
      immunogenic, such as heterologous erythrocytes, and not to antigenically inert
      carbon particles. They are also dependent upon the dose of immunogen. Moreover,
      the double-stranded hybrid of polyadenylate and polyuridylate, which acts
      synergistically with antigen in stimulating endogenous cAMP, is immuno-enhancing
      if given with sheep erythrocytes when the cAMP level is increasing, and
      immunosuppresive if given when cAMP is decreasing. These data provide direct
      evidence for a role of cAMP as a mediator in the activation and proliferation of
      immunocytes stimulated by antigen. With knowledge of the transitory and biphasic
      nature of the cAMP response induced by antigen, one can avoid indiscriminate use
      of drugs that modify the level of endogenous cAMP and instead employ them
      rationally in controlling the immune response, enhancing or suppressing it as
      desired.

PMID- 165491
TI  - Cyclic AMP, a nonessential regulator of the cell cycle.
AB  - Flow-microfluorimetric analysis has been carried out on populations of
      exponentially growing S49 mouse lymphoma cells treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
      The drug produces a specific concentration-dependent block in the G-1 phase of
      the cell cycle while other phases of the cycle are not perceptibly altered. The
      cell cycle of a line of mutant cells lacking the cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      kinase is not affected by the drug. Since these mutant cells have been shown to
      maintain a normal cell cycle, even in the presence of high levels of cyclic AMP,
      periodic fluctuations in the levels of the cyclic nucleotide cannot be required
      for or determine progression through the cell cycle.

PMID- 165493
TI  - Binding of ATP to the progesterone receptor.
AB  - The possible interaction of progesterone--receptor complexes with nucleotides was
      tested by affinity chromatography. The cytosol progesterone receptor from hen
      oviduct was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation before use. When
      progesterone was bound to the receptor, the resulting complex could be
      selectively adsorbed onto columns of ATP-Sepharose. This interaction was
      reversible and of an ionic nature since it could be disrupted by high-salt
      conditions. A competitive binding assay was used to test the specificity of
      receptor binding to several other nucleotides, including ADP, AMP, and cAMP. A
      clear specificity for binding ATP was evident from these studies. When ATP was
      added to receptor preparations, the nucleotide did not affect the sedimentation
      properties or hormone binding characteristics of the receptor. Although the
      function of ATP remains unknown, these studies indicate a role of this nucleotide
      in some aspect of hormone receptor activity.

PMID- 165494
TI  - Structure-function relationships and mode of replication of animal rhabdoviruses.
AB  - Recently accumulated knowledge allows more precise comparison of the structural
      (and possibly evolutionary) relationships of several different animal
      rhabdoviruses: vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus, Kern Canyon virus, and
      spring viremia of carp virus. Each virus is composed primarily of a glycoprotein,
      an RNA-associated nucleoprotein, and one or two membrane proteins. Vesicular
      stomatitis virus group viruses contain lesser amounts of two additional distinct
      polypeptides, NS and L. The separate viruses undergo structural polypeptide
      phosphorylation in vivo according to characteristic patterns. In vesicular
      stomatitis virus the NS protein is selectively phosphorylated. In rabies group
      viruses and in spring viremia of carp virus, the nucleoprotein is the predominant
      phosphoprotein; in these viruses only the phosphorylated moiety is selectively
      cleaved off with trypsin. In Kern Canyon virus, only membrane protein and
      glycoprotein are weakly phosphorylated. Each virus possesses a virion-bound
      protein kinase. Vesicular stomatitis virus group viruses, Kern Canyon virus, and
      spring viremia of carp virus only contain virion-bound transcriptases of
      respectively decreasing levels of activity demonstrable in vitro. Vesicular
      stomatitis and Kern Canyon viruses replicate efficiently in enucleated cells;
      rabies virus does not. Based upon these observations, it is suggested that
      vesicular stomatitis virus may represent the most highly evolved of these
      rhabdoviruses, whereas spring viremia of carp and Kern Canyon viruses may
      represent "evolutionary links" between the vesicular stomatitis and rabies virus
      groups.

PMID- 165495
TI  - Melanoma cells resistant to inhibition of growth by melanocyte stimulating
      hormone.
AB  - Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) enhances melanization but inhibits
      proliferation of Cloudman S91 melanoma cells in culture. We have isolated
      variants of these cells that can grow in the presence of MSH. The conclusions we
      have reached from analyses of these cells are the following: (1) Basal tyrosinase
      activity (monophenol monooxygenase; monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen
      oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1), i.e., the activity that is present in the absence
      of added MSH, is related through a common biochemical pathway to MSH-mediated
      control of growth. (2) MSH-inducible tyrosinase activity does not appear to be
      related to MSH control of growth. (3) The morphological changes that occur
      following the addition of MSH or cAMP are related to controls of growth and not
      to those of melanization.

PMID- 165496
TI  - Free radicals formed by exposure of pyrimidine solids to sodium atoms: an
      electron spin resonance study.
AB  - Sodium atoms have been deposited on various pyrimidine powders under high vacuum
      at 77 degrees K and the electron spin resonance spectra of the resulting free
      radicals have been observed. Generally, the spectra show that the electron of the
      Na goes into a molecular orbital of the pyrimidine ring and the Na+ ions become
      attached to a carbonyl oxygen of the resulting pyrimidine anion. In 5
      fluorouracil and 5-chlorouracil, however, the halogen is evidently abstracted by
      the Na to form NaF or NaC1 and the neutral uracil radical. Thymine shows evidence
      for H-addition radicals as well as the Na+-[thymine]-complex. The H source for
      the addition radicals may be an H-2-0 impurity in the sample, with which the Na
      atoms combine to release the H atoms. In addition to a resonance with g equals
      2.00 from the pyrimidine anion radical, broad resonances with g greater than 2
      were observed for 5-bromouracil, 5-chlorouracil and 5-iodouracil, as well as for
      alloxan and cytosine. These resonances, generally unstable at room temperature,
      are believed to arise from electrons trapped in interstitial sties or vacancies
      in the lattice.

PMID- 165497
TI  - Detection of carcinogens as mutagens: bacterial tester strains with R factor
      plasmids.
AB  - We described previously a simple test on petri plates for detecting chemical
      carcinogens as mutagens, using an especially sensitive set of bacterial strains
      to detect mutagenic acitivty and a mammalian liver extract for carcinogen
      activity. We now extend the utility of the method by introducing two new
      bacterial strains which can detect with great sensitivity many carcinogens which
      we did not detect before or detected with less sensitivity. Among these
      carcinogens are aflatoxin B-1, sterigmatocystin, benzyl chloride, benzo[a]
      pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, 1'-acetoxysafrole, and the nitrofuran food
      additive furylfuramide (AF-2). The new strains TA100 and TA98 contain an R factor
      plasmid, pKM101, in our standard tester strains TA1535 and TA1538. The R factor
      increases mutagenesis with certain mutagens, but not others. We present evidence
      that the mutagens that become more effective work through an error-prone
      recombinational repair.

PMID- 165498
TI  - Biochemical method for mapping mutational alterations in DNA with S1 nuclease:
      the location of deletions and temperature-sensitive mutations in simian virus 40.
AB  - S1 nuclease (EC 3.1.4.X), a single-strand-specific nuclease, can be used to
      accurately map the location of mutational alterations in simian virus 40 (SV40)
      DNA. Deletions of between 32 and 190 base pairs, which are at or below the limit
      of detectability by conventional electron microscopic analysis of heteroduplex
      DNAs, have been located in this way. To map a deletion, a mixture of unit length,
      linear DNA, prepared from the SV40 deletion mutant and its wild-type parent, are
      denatured and reannealed to form heteroduplexes. S1 nuclease can cut such
      heteroduplexes at the nonbase-paired region to produce fragments whose lengths
      correspond to the position of the deletion. Similarly, specific fragments are
      produced when S1 nuclease cleaves a heteroduplex formed from the DNAs of SV40
      temperature-sensitive mutants and either their revertants or wild-type parents.
      Thus, the positions of the nonhomology between these DNAs can be determined.

PMID- 165499
TI  - Patterns of organization of actin and myosin in normal and transformed cultured
      cells.
AB  - The patterns of distribution of intracellular actin and myosin were examined by
      specific immunofluorescence in a series of normal, simian-virus-40-transformed,
      and revertant cell lines of rat and mouse origin. A consistent correlation was
      found between sensitivity to anchorage-dependent growth control and the presence
      of large, thick sheaths of actin-containing material. The presence of these
      sheaths was temperature-dependent in a rat line transformed by a temperature
      sensitive mutant in the complementation group A of the oncogenic virus simian
      virus 40.

PMID- 165500
TI  - Selective blockage of initiation of host protein synthesis in RNA-virus-infected
      cells.
AB  - Poliovirus mRNA and mRNA transcribed from vesicular stomatitis virus and reovirus
      genomes efficiently direct protein synthesis in vivo under experimental
      conditions where the initiation of host protein synthesis is selectively blocked.
      The selective blockage of host peptide chain initiation after exposure to
      hypertonic medium indicates that the translation of viral mRNA is more
      efficiently initiated than is the translation of host mRNA. It further suggests
      that virus directed suppression of host protein synthesis could proceed by a
      mechanism involving a nonspecific decrease in the rate of peptide chain
      initiation. Exposure of infected cells to hypertonic medium provides a unique
      tool with which to study early events in the infectious cycle by permitting the
      efficient unmasking of virus-specific poly-peptide synthesis.

PMID- 165501
TI  - Cyclic AMP modulates microvillus formation and agglutinability in transformed and
      normal mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - We have utilized dark field microscopy to observe the surface microstructure of
      living cultured cells. Using this method, we have found that dibutyryl cAMP
      treatment causes regression of the numerous, long cell surface microvilli present
      on L929 cells. Thirty minutes after removal of dibutyryl cAMP, microvilli
      reappear. An inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (methylisobutylxanthine) and a
      stimulator of adenylate cyclase (prostaglandin E1), both of which raise cAMP
      levels, cause regression of microvilli in 15 min. Untransformed 3T3 cells show
      very few microvilli when viewed still attached to their substratum or after
      removal with EDTA. Treatment of these cells with trypsin causes the formation of
      numerous microvilli on their surface. When clumps of cells agglutinated by
      concanavalin A are examined by thin section electron microscopy, the cells are
      seen to be held together by a "forest" of interdigitating microvilli and only
      rarely is there apposition of the areas of membrane between microvilli. At the
      same time the distribution of surface-bound concanavalin A was examined using
      immunofluorescent light microscopy, and concanavalin A was found to be uniformly
      distributed over the cell surface. We propose that agglutinability of mouse and
      rat fibroblasts is regulated through the modulation of cell surface microvilli by
      cAMP, and that transformed cells are highly agglutinable because their low cAMP
      levels result in the formation of numerous surface microvilli.

PMID- 165502
TI  - Physical characteristics of the gonadotropin receptor-hormone complexes formed in
      vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The physical properties of detergent-solubilized gonadotropin receptor-hormone
      complexes, determined by density gradient centrifugation and gel filtration, were
      compared after in vivo and in vitro labeling of specific ovarian binding sites
      with radioiodinated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Following intravenous
      administration of biologically active 125I-labeled hCG, up to 50% of the
      gonadotropin tracer was bound to the luteinized ovaries of immature female rats
      treated with pregnant mare serum/human chorionic gonadotropin. Comparable binding
      of 125I-labeled hCG was observed after equilibration of ovarian particles with
      the labeled hormone in vitro. The sedimentation properties of the solubilized
      receptor-hormone complexes formed in vivo were identical with those derived for
      the corresponding complexes formed in vitro and extracted with Triton X-100 and
      Lubrol PX, with sedimentation constants of 8.8 S for the Triton-solubilized
      complex and 7.0 S for the complex extracted with Lubrol PX. During analytical gel
      filtration of the Triton-solubilized receptor-hormone complex on Sepharose 6B in
      0.1% Triton X-100, the partition coefficient (Kav) of the "in vivo" complex
      (0.32) was not significantly different from that of the complex formed in vitro
      (0.29). Gel filtration of the Lubrol-solubilized ovarian particles on Sepharose
      6B in 0.5% Lubrol PX gave Kav values for the "in vivo" and "in vitro" labeled
      complexes of 0.36 and 0.32, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the
      physical properties of size and shape which determine the partition coefficient
      and sedimentation characteristics of detergent-solubilized gonadotropin receptor
      hormone complexes formed in vitro are not distinguishable from those of the
      complexes extracted after specific interaction of the ovarian gonadotropin
      receptors with radioiodinated hCG in vivo.

PMID- 165503
TI  - Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis: sequential transition of
      polypeptide synthesis requires functional viral polypeptides.
AB  - It was previously shown that virus-specific polypeptides made in HEp-2 cells
      infected with herpes simplex 1 form three groups designated alpha, beta, and
      gamma whose synthesis is coordinately regulated and sequentially ordered. This
      report shows that one or more functional alpha polypeptides are necessary to turn
      on the synthesis of beta and gamma groups, and conversely, one or more
      polypeptides in the latter groups turn off the synthesis of alpha polypeptides.
      Specifically, infected cells maintained in medium containing either canavanine,
      an analogue of arginine, or azetidine-2-carboxylic acid an analogue of proline
      and hydroxyproline, synthesized alpha polypeptide at rates comparable to maximal
      rates in untreated infected cells but did not undergo the normal transition to
      beta and gamma polypeptide synthesis. The transition to gamma polypeptide
      synthesis and shut-off of synthesis of earlier polypeptide groups proceeded
      normally if addition of canavanine was delayed until at least 4-5 hr after
      infection. Addition of canavanine after the onset of beta and gamma polypeptide
      synthesis, i.e., between 2 and 3.5 hr after infection, resulted in sustained,
      simultaneous synthesis of all three polypeptide groups, a phenomenon not seen in
      untreated infected cells. Canavanine-treated infected cells, synthesizing alpha
      polypeptides, recovered the capacity to make beta and gamma polypeptides after
      removal of the analogue, but only after a 1-to 2-hr delay compared with infected
      untreated cells. The data indicate that the on and off controls inherent in the
      cascade regulation of viral polypeptide synthesis are mediated by one or more
      polypeptides in each group at transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels.

PMID- 165505
TI  - Biochemical procedure for production of small deletions in simian virus 40 DNA.
AB  - A simple biochemical procedure for producing small deletions (15 to 50 base
      pairs) at virtually any location in simian virus 40 DNA has been developed. The
      steps involved are: cleavage of the closed-circular DNA to produce a linear
      structure followed by 5'-exonuclease digestion to expose a short single-stranded
      segment at each 3' end of the molecule. Mutants containing deletions at the site
      of the cleavage are obtained by infecting permissive monkey kidney cells with the
      exonuclease-treated DNA in the presence or absence of a helper DNA (depending
      upon whether or not the site of cleavage and therefore the deletion occurred in a
      gene required for vegetative multiplication). In this paper viable mutants with
      deletions at the HpaII endonuclease cleavage site (0.735 map position) and
      defective trans-complementable mutants with deletions at the EcoRI endonuclease
      cleavage site (0/1.0 map position) were isolated.

PMID- 165504
TI  - Tumor-inhibiting properties of the neutral P-O-ethyl ester of adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate in correlation with its crystal and molecular structure.
AB  - The P-O-ethyl ester of cAMP has been synthesized, its inhibition of solid and
      ascites tumors studied, and its pattern of urinary excretion followed. Et-cAMP is
      more effective than cAMP against solid sarcoma 180 in mice and against Ehrlich
      ascites carcinoma cells in tissue culture. The urinary excretion pattern of
      injected E-t-cAMP suggests that about two-thirds of the injected dose (13 mumol
      per animal) is retained in the rat rather than being promptly excreted. Liver
      slice studies of the effect on glycogenolysis suggest that the Et-cAMP is
      converted to cAMP intracellularly. The compound crystallizes in space group P21
      with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The base ring has the anti conformation.
      The ethyl group is endo to the base ring and is axial in the flattened chair
      conformer six-membered ring formed by the 3'-5' O-P-O cyclization. In most other
      respects the structure of the compound is closely similar to the known structures
      of other cyclic nucleotides.

PMID- 165506
TI  - Somatic cell hybrids between mouse peritoneal macrophages and simian-virus-40
      transformed human cells: II. Presence of human chromosome 7 carrying simin virus
      40 genome in cells of tumors induced by hybrid cells.
AB  - Cells derived from tumors induced in "nude" mice after injection of cells that
      were hybrids between mouse peritoneal macrophages and simian virus 40 (SV40)
      transformed human cells were found to retain the human chromosome 7 carrying the
      SV40 genome, and indicate that the presence of human chromosome 7 carrying the
      SV40 genome is responsible for the expression of the tumorigenic phenotype in the
      hybrid cells.

PMID- 165507
TI  - Estrogen-directed synthesis of specific prostaglandins in uterus.
AB  - Endogenous uterine prostaglandin levels were monitored in the cycling rat and
      prostaglandins of the F-type were found to rise at proestrus when estrogen levels
      have been shown to be maximal. Evidence that this is an estrogen-induced event is
      furnished by the finding that estradiol-17beta caused a similar rise in
      prostaglandin F levels in uteri of ovariectomized rats, an action blocked by
      coadministration of progesterone. Examination of in vitro prostaglandin
      synthetase by uterine microsomal fractions from cycling rats and estrogen-treated
      ovariectomized rats revealed that the action of estrogen to control prostaglandin
      synthesis in a directional manner is accomplished, at least in part, by
      regulation of the prostaglandin synthetase complex, resulting in a patterned
      alteration in the ratio of prostaglandin F to prostaglandin E. These results
      demonstrate that prostaglandins are involved in the expression of estrogen action
      in the rat uterus.

PMID- 165509
TI  - Magnetic resonance spectra of membranes.
AB  - A number of electron and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of model membranes,
      and biological membranes, involve time-dependent magnetic interactions diffusion
      relative to one another. The two-dimensional character of this motion can have a
      special, large effect on magnetic resonance line shapes, and relaxation rates,
      because of the long-time tail of the correlation function for magnetic
      interactions modulated by this motion. Equations are given for the specific case
      in which nuclear relaxation rates are enhanced due to dipolar interactions with
      membrane-bound spin labels. An experimental study of spin-label-enhanced 13-C
      nuclear relaxation in unsonicated dispersions of phosphatidylcholine is accounted
      for with this theory, together with the previously reported lipid diffusion
      constant of D congruent to 2 times 10- minus 8 cm-2/sec. Our analysis of
      previously reported 1-H and 13-C nuclear relaxation rates in small phospholipid
      vesicles produced by sonication suggests that the rate of lateral diffusion in
      these small vesicles may be significantly larger than 10- minus 8 cm-2/sec.

PMID- 165508
TI  - Macromolecular enzymatic product of NAD+ in liver mitochondria.
AB  - Rat liver mitochondria contain a Mg2+-requiring system that transfers the ADP
      ribose moiety of NAD+ to an acceptor protein. The enzyme system was extracted in
      a soluble form and the ADP-ribosylated protein product was isolated by
      hydroxyapatite and Sephadex chromatography. The ADP-ribosylated protein product
      has a molecular weight of 100,000 and can be dissociated into subunits of 50,000
      daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Incubation of the
      isotopically labeled ADP-ribosylated protein with nicotinamide and a
      mitochondrial extract yields labeled NAD+, indicating apparent reversibility of
      the reaction. Enzymatic degradation of the ADP-ribosylated protein with snake
      venom phosphodiesterase liberates AMP and ADP-ribose or its isomer.
      Identification of these products and reversibility of the reaction show that the
      ADP-ribose moiety of NAD+ is the molecular species that is transferred to the
      acceptor protein. A fraction of the protein-bound ADP-ribose appears to be
      present as an an oligomer. The enzymatic protein-ADP-ribosylating reaction is
      inhibited by nicotinamide, ADP-ribose, the fluorophosphate of AMP, and
      picrylsulfonic acid.

PMID- 165510
TI  - Locus on human X chromosome for dihydrotestosterone receptor and androgen
      insensitivity.
AB  - We have studied androgen binding characteristics of cells for androgen
      insensitivity from an obligate heterozygote, who is the mother of three male
      pseudohermaphrodites with dihydrotestosterone (17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3
      one) receptor deficiency. Specific dihydrotestosterone binding by skin
      fibroblasts from her wrist and pubis is within the normal range and indicates
      that androgen insensitivity is X-linked in man and is therefore homologous to the
      tfm locus in the mouse. A significant population of clones from the heterozygote
      has deficient receptor activity, and this finding is compatible with inactivation
      of one X-linked allele at this locus. Our results indicate the presence of a gene
      on the human X chromosome that is essential for normal male sexual
      differentiation and provide further evidence for homology between X chromosomes
      of all mammals.

PMID- 165511
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus genomes with properties of circular DNA molecules in carrier
      cells.
AB  - A high-density fraction of high-molecular-weight DNA was isolated from the human
      lymphoid cell line Raji. This cell line contains 50 to 60 virus genome
      equivalents of Epstein-Barr virus DNA per cell, and the high-density DNA fraction
      was 10-fold enriched in such viral sequences. Sedimentation analysis on neutral
      glycerol gradients, followed by hybridization experiments with viral
      complementary RNA, showed that most of the intracellular viral DNA sequences in
      this material did not cosediment with the cellular DNA, but were recovered as two
      distinct species with sedimentation coefficients of 100 S and 65 S. These two
      forms sediment 1.70-1.75 and 1.10-1.12 times as fast as the linear Epstein-Barr
      virus DNA from virus particles, and thus have the hydrodynamic properties of a
      covalently closed circular form and a nicked (containing single-strand breaks)
      circular form of the virus genome. The 100S form also behaved as a covalently
      closed circular EBV DNA molecule on gradient centrifugation in CsC1/propidium
      diiodide, It would appear that latent Epstein-Barr virus DNA has the properties
      of a mammalian episome, and that both nonintegrated and integrated viral DNA
      sequences can be isolated from carrier cells.

PMID- 165512
TI  - Cell cycle specific fluctuations in adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and
      polyamines of Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Chinese hamster V79 cells were synchronized by mitotic selection, which resulted
      in approximately 95% synchrony. The adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate level
      was elevated within 3 hr (G1 phase) and reached a level 2-fold higher than in
      early G1 within 6 hr (early S phase). An increase in ornithine decarboxylase
      activity (6-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17), the initial enzyme in the
      polyamine biosynthetic pathway, was detected within 4 hr and was maximal at 8 hr.
      Since about 20% of the cells were labeled with [3-H]thymidine at 4 hr, ornithine
      decarboxylase exhibits cell-cycle specific activity starting in late G1 and
      continuing through middle S phase. The activity of S-adenosylmethionine
      decarboxylase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.50) increased within
      5 hr, i.e., early S phase. It is suggested on the basis of these data and other
      studies discussed herein that the increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity,
      which parallels closely the elevation in cyclic AMP, is an example of adenosine
      3':5'-cyclic monophosphate-mediated protein synthesis.

PMID- 165513
TI  - On the question of translocation of heart cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - Rat hearts were perfused with epinephrine and/or 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine for
      2 min. These agents raised the concentration of cAMP and increased the fraction
      of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.70) in the active form. However, the
      content of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the soluble fraction of homogenates
      of these hearts was reduced and the amount in the particulate fraction was
      increased. A similar redistribution was obtained by adding cAMP to homogenates of
      control hearts. The reduction in soluble protein kinase content was due to
      apparent binding of the free catalytic subunit of the enzyme to particulate
      material (12,000 times g pellet) in media of low ionic strength (smaller than 100
      mM KCl). The amount bound was, therefore, proportional to the dissociation of the
      holoenzyme. The binding was not altered by prior boiling or trypsin treatment of
      the particulate material, but it was prevented or reversed by the addition of 150
      mM KCl. The catalytic subunit of the protein kinase from heart also bound to
      particulate fractions from liver or Escherichia coli and to various denatured
      proteins. These findings suggest that the protein kinase activity of membranes
      and particulate fractions has frequently been overestimated, since isolation of
      particulate materials has usually been carried out at low ionic strength. The
      data also imply that intracellular translocation of the protein kinase catalytic
      subunit, at least in heart tissue, is of questionable physiological significance.

PMID- 165514
TI  - RNA of replication-defective strains of Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - The RNA of a replication-defective (rd) mutant, isolated from stocks of
      nondefective (nd) Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus of subgroup A (SR-A) and
      termed SR-N8, was compared to the RNAs of SR-A, of a transformation-defective
      derivative of SR-A (td SR-A) and of rd Bryan Rous sarcoma virus, RSV (minus). The
      molecular mass of the 30-40S species of SR-N8 RNA was estimated to be 21%
      (congruent to 7.5 to 8 times 10-5 daltons) smaller than that of SR-A by (i)
      electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels and (ii) analyses of RNA complexity based
      on RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides. ST-N8 shares probably all (=14) of its
      large RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides with the RNA of SR-A as judged from the
      chromatographic distribution and the RNase A-resistant fragments obtained from
      RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides. However, SR-N8 RNA lacked six large
      oligonucleotides which were present in the RNAs of SR-A and td SR-A. Conversely,
      the RNAs of SR-A, and of SR-N8 contained two oligonucleotides not found in td SR
      A. The RNA of SR-N8 was found to differ from that of RSV (minus) in its
      electrophoretic mobility and its fingerprint pattern. It is concluded that the
      RNA of SR-N8 was generated by a deletion of SR-A. The extent of this deletion is
      compatible with the notion that the genetic information for the large viral
      envelope glycoprotein (molecular mass = 70,000-85,000 daltons) has been lost from
      the RNA of SR-A to yield SR-N8 RNA. From a comparison of td and rd deletion
      mutants, it appears that loss of different functions corresponds to the absence
      of different oligonucleotides in their RNA.

PMID- 165515
TI  - Induction of growth in resting fibroblastic cell cultures by Ca++.
AB  - Of all the components of the culture medium, only CaCl2 induces DNA replication
      when added to resting cultures of Balb/c 3T3 cells. The effect is present even in
      a serum-free medium. Increasing the Ca++ concentration above the standard 1.8 mM
      in the medium of a new culture increases the total number of cells ultimately
      produced, without affecting the initial cell growth rate. This effect is
      synergistic with that of serum. The elevated Ca++ concentration also induces
      striking morphological changes. The Ca++ effect could not be reproduced by a Ca++
      ionophore. These observations afford a new tool for studying how the various
      intracellular events following the addition of growth factors to resting cultures
      are involved in the control of cellular growth.

PMID- 165516
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: reinvestigation of carbon-13 spin
      lattice relaxation time measurements of amino acids.
AB  - The carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of glycine have been measured as
      a function of pD and concentration. Contrary to previously reported findings, no
      significant dependence was observed on either pD or concentration. In addition,
      the T1 values reported here are much longer than those published earlier. The
      discrepancies arise from the presence of paramagnetic impurities in the earlier
      samples. For the carboxyl carbon, dipole-dipole relaxation is dominant in both
      D2O and H2O solution, and in H2O there is a significant intermolecular dipolar
      contribution. Proton and oxygen relaxation times have also been measured. These,
      along with the carbon relaxation data, allow a discussion of the dynamics of
      glycine in solution.

PMID- 165518
TI  - Cytotoxic effector cells specific for B Cell lines transformed by Epstein-Barr
      virus are present in patients with infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - Peripheral lymphoid cells, from 12 cases of acute infectious mononucleosis (IM),
      were tested in a micro chromium-51 release assay for cytotoxic activity against a
      variety of cell lines that did or did not carry the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
      genome. Unfractionated lymphocytes from these patients were cytotoxic to both
      types of cell lines, as were lymphocytes from healthy individuals. If, however,
      lymphocytes bearing complement receptors were removed, the residual IM lymphocyte
      fraction was specifically cytotoxic for EBV-genome-carrying cell lines. The
      residual lymphocyte fraction in normal donors had no such effect. Heterophile
      positive IM is caused by EBV, and these results indicate that, during the acute
      phase of this disease, patients harbor killer cells, probably T cells, which
      specifically kill EBV-genome-carrying B cells in vitro. No such specificity for
      EBV-genome-psitive target cells was found in normal lymphocytes stimulated in
      vitro with autologous EBV-genome-positive lymphoblastoid cells. Such stimulated
      cells were highly cytotoxic to both genome-positive and negative lines after
      removal of complement receptor-positive lymphocytes.

PMID- 165517
TI  - T antigen binds to simian virus 40 DNA at the origin of replication.
AB  - A technique employing ferritin-conjugated antibody has been developed to
      visualize specific protein-DNA complexes in the electron microscope and has been
      used to demonstrate the preferential binding of simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen
      at or near the origin of replication of SV40 DNA, 0.67 fractional length
      clockwise from the EcoRI restriction endonuclease cleavage site. urified
      covalently closed supercoiled circles of SV40DNA were treated with partially
      purified T antigen and the complex was stabilized by crosslinking with
      glutaraldehyde. Hamster antiT antigen gamma-globulin, ferritin-labeled goat anti
      hamster gamma-globulin, and glutaraldehyde were then added sequentially. The
      location of the bound ferritin cores was measured with respect to the EcoRI
      cleavage site and the orientation of the cores relative to the ends of the DNA
      was determined with respect to the locations of Escherichia coli DNA unwinding
      protein, which binds to covalently closed supercoiled SV40 DNA at either of two
      preferred sites, 0.46 or 0.90 fractional length clockwide from the EcoRI cleavage
      site.

PMID- 165519
TI  - Functional intermediates in reaction of cytochrome oxidase with oxygen.
AB  - The development of a low temperature kinetic method for the flash photolysis of
      the compounds of membrane-bound cytochrome a3 with carbon monoxide in the
      presence of oxygen affords evidence for three categories of functional
      intermediate compounds of cytochrome a3 and oxygen. The three classes are
      identified as follows: Compounds of Type A are considered to be "oxy" compounds
      of the ferrous heme. They have the composition a3-2+. O2. Compounds of Type B are
      considered to be peroxide compounds (CU-2+A3-3+ O-2= or CU-2+A3-3+ O2H2) or the
      equivalent heme Fe-Cu peroxide bridge structures. Compounds of Type C are formed
      from the ferricyanide pretreated oxidase and may involve higher oxidation states
      of the heme iron such as quadrivalent iron, and peroxide. Kinetic and equilibrium
      studies show these compounds to be functional in oxygen reduction in the sequence
      A yields B yield cytochromes a, c, c1, etc.

PMID- 165521
TI  - Adrenal Cortical Ribonuclease H (hybrid) (38494).
AB  - Ribonuclease Hybrid (RNaseH) from adrenal cortical tissue has been characterized.
      RNase H specifically degrades the RNA strand of purified RNA:DNA hybrids but is
      inactive on single- or double-stranded RNA or on DNA. The mode of clevage by
      RNase H is endonucleolytic, producing oligoribonucleoties with 3'-hydroxyl and 5'
      phosphate termini. ACTH administration to guinea pigs results in no detectable
      change in adrenal cortical RNase H activity at times when changes in DNA
      synthesis are marked.

PMID- 165520
TI  - Biologic and antigenic similarity of virus-induced migration inhibition factor to
      conventional, lymphocyte-derived migration inhibition factor.
AB  - Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) is one of a class of lymphocyte
      derived mediator substances (lymphokines) which plays a role in the mechanism of
      cellular immunity. A variety of other soluble factors produced by non-lymphoid
      cells have been shown to have effects on macrophage mobility similar to that of
      MIF. In the present study we demonstrate that one such factor, (MIFV) derived
      from simian virus 40-infected kidney cells in culture, has several other
      properties in common with lymphocyte-derived MIF (MIFL), MIFV can be  adsorbed on
      Sepharose bead columns conjugated with an antiserum prepared against MIFL,
      demonstrating at least some antigenic similarity. Moreover, MIFV can substitute
      for MIFL in an in vivo system involving the suppression of cutaneous
      manifestations of cellular immunity by intravenous injection of the lymphokine.
      These observations, taken in conjunction with the similarity of the in vitro
      effect of MIFV and MIFL, and their similar chromatographic behavior, suggest that
      MIFV and MIFL may be identical molecular species.

PMID- 165522
TI  - Elevated cyclic AMP levels in mouse lymphoid tissue after stimulation by cholera
      enterotoxin in vitro (38468)
AB  - Addition of CT to suspensions of thymus, lymph node, spleen, or bone marrow cells
      in vitro resulted in a marked accumulation of cAMP with peak levels occurring 4-5
      hr after incubation  of cells with CT. Thymus cells showed the largest increase
      in cAMP, approximately 40-fold at 10  ng/ml CT. Bone marrow cells accumulated the
      least cAMP (1.5x), while intermediate levels were observed for spleen and lymph
      node cells (10-12x). Antiserum to CT prevented stimulation of increased cAMP
      levels. Repopulation studies using X-irradiated mice also showed that thymus
      derived spleen cells accumulated more cAMP/10-7 cells than spleen cells from
      recipients given spleen or marrow cells. Spleen cells from athymic (nu/nu) mice
      also responded much less than did spleen cells from normal mice. Thymocytes
      appeared to bind CT to a greater degree than bone marrow cells. Spleen and lymph
      node cell suspensions also contained CT-binding  cells and the number of CT
      binding cells in these peripheral lymphoid tissues appeared approximately equal
      to the summation of the numbers observed in thymocyte and bone marrow cell
      suspensions. Stimulation of cAMP in lymphoid cells, especially thymocytes, by CT
      provides a pharmacological tool to investigate the mechanism and role of this
      nucleotide in the early events of antibody formation.

PMID- 165523
TI  - Isolation of a new enterovirus (38506).
AB  - During 1972 an apparently new enterovirus with characteristics of the
      Coxsackievirus group A was isolated from 11 residents of New York State, 10 of
      whom had central nervous system disease. The representative strain S/Albany 1/72
      has the physical and chemical properties of an enterovirus and causes the
      pathology typical for Coxsackievirus group A in 1-day-old mice. Cross
      neutralization tests indicated that the virus is distinct from currently
      recognized enteric viruses of man. Antibody levels to the representative strain
      were moderate to high in patients and were low to moderate in 26% of healthy
      individuals tested.

PMID- 165524
TI  - Preparation of rhinovirus antisera in the South American hystricomorph rodent,
      Octodon degus (38507).
AB  - Rhinovirus antisera have been prepared for rhinoviruses (RV) 7,9,26,32,67 and 87
      in guinea pigs and in degus. Titers achieved were either similar in the 2 animals
      (RV7) somewhat higher in the degu (RV9 and RV32) or clearly higher in the degu
      (RV26, RV67 and RV87). Specificity of the antisera was similar in both animals.
      In special instances where it is difficult to prepare high-titered rhinovirus
      antisera in the guinea pig, the degu offers an attractive alternative source.

PMID- 165525
TI  - Stimulation of macromolecular synethesis in guinea pig cells by human CMV.
AB  - Nonproductive human CMV  infection of G.P. embryo cells induced cellular RNA and
      DNA synthesis. RNA species synthesized in abortively infected G.P. cells included
      ribosomal 28S, 18S, and 4S transfer RNA. Virus inactivated with heat and UV light
      failed to induce cellular RNA and DNA synthesis. Evidence for increased DNA and
      RNA synthesis in infected cells was provided by studies of:(a) incorporation of
      thymidine and uridine, (b) extraction  and separation of cellular DNA and RNA on
      sedimentation gradients, (c) autoradiography, and (d) measurement of mitotic
      index.

PMID- 165526
TI  - In vitro interaction of estrogen and prolactin on hormone-dependent rat mammory
      tumors (38511).
AB  - Hormone-dependent, regressing mammary tumors in rats were incubated in a
      chemically defined culture medium containing tritium labeled leucine at 37
      degrees for 2 hr. The rate of tritium incorporation into the protein fraction by
      these tissues was measured with and without the addition of 17beta-estradiol
      and/or ovine prolactin into the medium. Tumor tissue responded to either estrogen
      or porlactin by a 6-7% increase in the rate of 3-H-leucine incorporation. When
      the incubation medium contained both the  hormones, the increase in the rate of 3
      H leucine incorporation was 19% which was significantly greater than the sum of
      the effect of each single hormone measured independelntly. These results
      demonstrate a synergistic effect between estrogen and prolactin on rat mammary
      tumors.

PMID- 165527
TI  - Glucose tolerance and pancreatic ultrastructure in mice with long-term diabetes
      induced by EMC virus (M variant) (38518).
AB  - Of 27 young male CD-1 mice infected with the M variant of the encephalomycarditis
      (EMC) virus and surviving for 11 or 12 mo, all but three had normal glucose
      tolerance curves, and all displayed normal islet cell morphology, at the time of
      sacrifice, in spite of an initital hyperglycemic response. Three animals
      maintained diabetic glucose tolerance curves one year after infection but they,
      too, failed to show significant morphological alterations in their pancreatic
      beta cells.

PMID- 165528
TI  - Photodynamic inactivation of herpesvirus hominins by methylene blue (38524).
AB  - Methylene blue, in a concentraion of 10-5M was virostatic in the presence of
      light but not in the dark for 31 of 37 strains of fresh isolates of herpesvirus
      hominis. Resistance to the dye developed during treatment. This photodynamic
      pattern was almost identical to that of neutral red which produced an identical
      effect. This was not ture for proflavine which was active in the dark in many
      instances. Cross insensitivity between proflavine and methylene blue was not
      observed.

PMID- 165529
TI  - Comparison of the lipopretein profiles and the effect of N-phenylpropyl-N
      benzyloxy acetamide in primates (38473).
AB  - Analytical ultracentrifugation showed Cebus and Rhesus monkeys had two low
      density components while only one was present in Squirrel monkeys. In untreated
      or W1372 treated monkeys, neither chylomicrons nor very low density lipoproteins
      were detected on analytical ultracentrifugation. Chylomicrons were not observed
      on agarose gel electrophoresis. Ultracentrifugal analysis showed W1372 treatment
      decreased the amount of LDL in all animals and also the HDL in Cebus monkeys on
      an atherogenic diet. Both untreated and W1372 treated Cebus monkeys on an
      atherogenic diet had abnormal amounts of LDL and HDL, while the LDL in treated
      animals occurred as multiple peaks. This was also evident on agarose gel 
      electrophoresis. Accumulation of lipds in the liver and decrease of serum lipids
      indicated W1372 prevented release of lipoproteins from the liver.

PMID- 165530
TI  - The effect of various prostaglandins and a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor on
      rat anterior pituitary cyclic AMP levels and hormone release in vitro (38475).
AB  - (U)Prostaglandins E-1, E2,F-1alpha or F-2 alpha significantly increased the
      release of GH, with a parallel increase in intracellular cAMP concentrations,
      while they only protentiated HE-stimulated TSH release. (2) None of the
      prostaglandins examined consistently effected either the basal or HE-altered
      release of LH,FSH or prolactin. (3) The prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor,
      indomethacin, inhibited GH and TSH release and, at high doses of the drug,
      inhibited prolactin release. In contrast, the drug appeared to potentiate both He
      and sLRF-stimulated gonadotropin release. It had no significant effect on
      intracellular cAMP concentration.

PMID- 165531
TI  - An improved method of fixation for immunofluorescent detection of SV40 T-antigen
      in infected human fibroblasts.
AB  - Improved fixation for immunofluorescence staining in the SV40 T-antigen test has
      been developed utilizing ethanol in place of acetone.  The modified method
      improves resolution, results in smaller variability of cell numbers, and reduces
      the time of assay, while maintaining its sensitivity in discriminating between
      normal and cancer prone groups.

PMID- 165532
TI  - Stimulatory effects of peptides on growth of the free-living nematode
      Caenorhabditis briggsae.
AB  - Evidence is presented that peptide products of hydrolysis of casein, including
      some di- and tripeptides, but not the  constituent amino acids, can stimulate
      growth of C. briggsae in defined basal medium supplemented with cytochrome C and
      B-sitosterol.  Peptide activity may raise from amino acid imbalances in the
      medium which causes competitive inhibition of uptake of essential amino acids. 
      Such activity precludes facilitation of heme transport as the sole function of
      growth factor in C. briggsae.  This is the first report in a nutritional role of
      peptides in invertebrate metazoa.

PMID- 165533
TI  - Effect of clofibrate on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
AB  - The effect of clofibrate (CPIB) on lipid metabolism was studied in male rats
      rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg of streptozotocin. After 1
      wk, the rats received by gastric intubation 242 mg/kg/day of CPIB for 7 days.
      Liver lipid concentration remained unchanged in experimental diabetes and after
      treatment with CPIB; however, due to decreased liver weight, total liver lipids
      were lower in diabetic rats. Elevation of cholesterol, phospholipids, and
      triglycerides in the serum of diabetic rats was reversed by CPIB treatment.
      Hepatic cholesterol synthesis in diabetic rats was suppressed to approximately
      1/10 of that in normal rats. Treatment with CPIB abolished this residual
      cholesterogenic activity. Diabetes had no effect on intestinal cholesterol
      synthesis; a slight increase was noted after CPIB treatment. Basal and
      norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in fat pads was elevated in diabetic rats; CPIB
      had no effect on these changes. The data show that the elevated serum lipids in
      diabetic rats are lowered by treatment with C-IB. It was concluded that the
      hypocholesterolemic activity of clofibrate in rats is not caused by its
      suppression of hepatic cholesterol synthesis.

PMID- 165534
TI  - Effects of "stress" on pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized
      rats.
AB  - The effects ov various "stresses" on pulsatile LH release in ovariectomized rats
      were investigated. Blood was withdrawn through atrial cannulas and replaced with
      saline at 10 min intervals for 190 min. Plasma LH concentration was suppressed in
      rats subjected to 30 or 60 min of immobilization during the collection period. On
      the contrary, sham ovariectomy 4 hr prior to blood collection, leg break or iv
      injection of ACTH or corticosterone during the collection period did not alter
      pulsatile patterns in LH release. The results indicate that LH release mechanisms
      are highly resistant to "stresses" but that immobilization can suppress LH
      release by an unknown mechanism.

PMID- 165535
TI  - Effects of endurance exercise on serum enzyme activities in the dog, pig and man.
AB  - Daily levels of GOT, GPT, AK and LDH did not change consistently with exercise in
      any species. The level of CPK each day before exercise presented a consistent
      rise during the week of exercise in the dog and man but not in the pig. By the
      third day of resting, all enzyme activities were at control levels. The probable
      tissue of origin for AK and LDH at rest as well as after exercise was the heart,
      liver, skeletal muscle and kidney in all three species. Serum CPK was the most
      sensitive index of acute exercise stress in the trained dogs and men. We have
      shown that the pig, which exhibits responses to exercise resembling those of man,
      can be exercise trained. The pig may, therefore, be the more appropriate model
      for endurance exercise studies.

PMID- 165536
TI  - The effect of mycoplasmas on replication and plaquing ability of Herpes simplex
      virus.
AB  - M. arginini, an arginine utilizer, can decrease the yield of Herpes simplex
      virus, type 1 grown in Vero cells. M. arginini can also cause a reduction in
      number and size of plaques produced by HSV.  The reduction in titer and plaque
      size produced in M. arginini-infected cells can be reversed by supplementing
      medium with additional arginine. A. laidlawii, a nonarginine utilizing
      mycoplasma, had no effect on the growth of HSV.

PMID- 165537
TI  - Effect of cortisone on collagenolytic activity in the rat.

PMID- 165538
TI  - Malignant transformation of hamster cells following infection with bovine
      herpesvirus (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.
AB  - Hamster embryo cells, following infection with IBR virus, showed malignant
      transformation.  Hamsters of all ages, inbred or random bred, inoculated with two
      of the transformed cell lines developed solid tumors.  Preliminary
      characterization of the tumors induced by one of the cell lines has indicated
      undifferentiated sarcomas.  Viral specific antigen was detected in about 5% of
      the transformed cells and 10% of primary tumor cells in culture.  Viral specific
      antibody was detected in the serum of tumor-bearing hamsters by the indirect
      immunofluorescent method, but no neutralizing antibodies were found.  Infectious
      virus has not been recovered from either the transformed or tumor cells by
      cocultivation with bovine embryonic kidney cells.

PMID- 165539
TI  - Tumor antigens in hamsters with sarcomas associated with herpesvirus type 2.
AB  - Tumor-associated antigens (TTA) were demonstrated in preparations of hamster
      sarcomas associated with Herpes simplex virus type 2, as well as in the sera of
      tumor-bearing hamsters. An immunoadsorption-in-gel method was employed to
      demonstrate and purify the TAA  and anti-TAA. These results suggest the potential
      use of this technique for the demonstration of TAA or of anti-TAA in humans or
      animals with cancer.

PMID- 165540
TI  - Neurohypophyseal hormones and analogues: magnesium dependence and contraction of
      arterial smooth muscle.
AB  - The present quantitative results, using isolated rat aorta, demonstrate that
      different [Mg2+]o (i.e. 0.2, 1.2 and 6.0 mM) potentiate the contractile actions
      of a variety of neuohypophyseal hormones and synthetic analogues on vascular
      smooth muscle. [Mg2+]o can alter both the hormone-receptor affinities (H-RA) and
      intrinsic (contractile) activities (i.a.) of these peptides on vascular muscle;
      1.2 mM [Mg2+]o (approximately that found in rat plasma) appears to optimize H-RA
      and i.a. on rat aortic smooth muscle. The presence of [Mg2+]o not only steepens
      the concentration-effect curves to the neurohypophyseal peptides but increases
      the maximum contractile responses as well. The present findings question that
      [Mg+]o potentiates responses to neurohypophyseal peptides by  vascular muscle
      solely by affecting H-RA. The present study supports the notion that Mg2+
      potentiates responses to these peptides by acting at sites other than the
      receptor in mammalian vascular muscle. In addition, the present experiments
      suggest that the [Mg2+]o dependence of neurohypophyseal peptides on at lesast one
      mammalian vascular muscle-rat aorta- is directly rather than inversely
      proportional to the rat pressor potency of the molecules. Further, the
      vasopressin receptor which subserves contraction in mammalian blood vessels may
      differ in this respect from that in uterine smooth muscle.

PMID- 165541
TI  - Enhancement of interferon production in vitro: a property of tilorone-poly
      rL:rC/DEAE-Dextran.
AB  - Tilorone and Poly rI:rC, in the presence of DEAE-dextran, were found to exhibit a
      marked synergism with respect to the induction of interferon in L929 and primary
      mouse embryo fibroblasts, but not human foreskin fibroblasts, in cell cultures.
      The degree of synergism was proportional to the concentrations of tilorone and
      Poly rI:rC and was influenced by the times of addition of the compounds relative
      to each other.

PMID- 165542
TI  - The inhibitory effects of MgCl2 on the inactivation kinetics of poliovirus by
      urea.
AB  - By analyzing the inhibitory effects of Mg-2+ on the three-stage urea inactivation
      curve of poliovirus, it was concluded that urea inactivates poliovirus via a two
      step reaction as follows: urea initially converts the native virus into an
      intermediate state which is still infectious but is now highly sensitive to
      inactivation. This reaction is unaffected by Mg-2+ and is reversible. In the
      subsequent reaction, the sensitized virus is either irreversibly inactivated by
      urea or reversibly stablized by Mg-2+. In addition, the inactivation curve
      revealed that a fraction of relatively stable virus population was established in
      the presence of urea and that the size of this persistent virus population
      depended on the concentration of urea. It was not determined whether urea induced
      the formation of this stable fraction of virus or merely selected for a
      preexisting stable population of virus. However, evidence was presented that (1)
      the persistent virus population was not due to the depletion or inactivation of
      urea in the sample, (2) whatever stabilized the virus, it could not be removed or
      reversed by simple dilution as in the case of Mg-2+, (3) no excess stabilizing
      material was made to stabilize the addition of untreated virus and finally (4)
      the persistent virus population was resistant to that concentration of urea in
      which it was observed but could be further inactivated by a higher concentration
      of urea, only to result in a smaller fraction of persistent virus population.

PMID- 165543
TI  - Evidence for conformational states of poliovirions: effects of cations on
      reactivity of poliovirions to guanidine.
AB  - The kinetics of inactivation of poliovirions were determined in the presence of
      various concentrations of monovalent and divalent ions, methionine, guanidine and
      combinations of these at various temperatures. Four states of the virion, under
      control of the ionic environment, could be recognized which were reversibly
      interchangeable and yet retained infectious potential. These states were detected
      by differential sensitivity of the virion to inactivation of infectivity by heat,
      urea and guanidine. The data are interpreted in terms of conformational
      structural changes under control of the ionic environment. It is proposed that
      these various structural conformations are meaningful to the various biologic
      functional states of the virus.

PMID- 165544
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on rhinovirus replication in WI-38 cells.
AB  - Exposure of WI-38 cells to ascorbic acid plus glutathione mixtures in growth
      medium for 2 days prior to infection with rhinovirus serotype 20 and during virus
      replication suppressed multicyclic but not single-cycle growth of the virus.
      Multicyclic growth was suppressed over the range of multiplicity of infection
      (m.o.i.) of 4 times 10-minus 1 minus 4 times 10-minus 4 PFU/cell. There was some
      suggestion that, in the presence of ascorbic acid plus glutathione, interferon
      was produced at the highest m.o.i. tested but at barely detectable levels.

PMID- 165545
TI  - Resticted growth of human cytomegalovirus in UV-irradiated WI-38 human
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The growth of human CMV was inhibited by uv irradiation of cells prior to
      infection or during the 48-hr latent period of virus replication but not after
      virus synthesis began. The duration of uv exposure sufficient to inhibit CMV
      replication was insufficient to inhibit replication of Herpes simplex and did not
      prevent uninfected cells from dividing normally. The effect of uv irradiation on
      CMV replication may have been mediated through prevention of the virus on host
      cell RNA(s) synthesis.

PMID- 165546
TI  - Adipose tissue glycerokinase activity in genetic and acquired obesity in rats and
      mice.
AB  - Glycerokinase activity in isolated fat cells was elevated in both Ob/Ob and Db/Db
      mice in comparison to their lean controls and this elevation was associated with
      obesity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. In the other forms of acquired and
      genetic obesity in the rats and mice studied (also associated with
      hyperinsulinemia), adipose tissue glycerokinase activity was not elevated in
      comparison to lean control groups when expressed on a mg protein basis. It is
      concluded that the elevated glycerokinase activity is not due to the specific Db
      or Ob mutation, but is secondary to the obesity and hyperinsulinemia interacting
      with the similar genetic background in the  C57BL/KsJ and the C57BL/6J mouse
      strains.

PMID- 165547
TI  - Differentiation of nephrotensin from the renin angiotensin system.
AB  - An investigation of the relationship between nephrotensin and the renin
      angiotensin system was carred out. Nephrotensin was found in the plasma of rats
      with renal clip hypertension and with chemically induced kidney damage. There was
      no demonstrable correlation between presence of nephrotensin and plasma renin
      activity, and the pressor activity of nephrotensin was not altered by previous
      immunization of test animals with angiotensin II nor by pretreatment with
      angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor. These results indicate that
      nephrotensin is different from the components of the renin-angiotensin system.

PMID- 165548
TI  - A specific complement-fixation test for human hepatitis a employing CR326 virus
      antigen. Diagnosis and epidemiology.
AB  - A specific diagnostic complement-fixation test for hepatitis A antibody in human
      serum was described employing livers of marmosets infected with CR326 strain
      human hepatitis A virus. Persons with hepatitis A, but not hepatitis B, developed
      hepatitis A CF antibody shortly after the onset of illness and this persisted
      thereafter. Good agreement was noted in the development of CF and neutralizing
      antibodies in hepatitis A cases. Hepatitis A was shown to occur in a person with
      hepatitis B antigenemia and hepatitis B occurred in persons with hepatitis A
      antibody. Most persons with hepatitis A who were tested, but none of those with
      hepatitis B, developed increased anticomplementary activity in their sera at the
      time of onset of illness. At least one patient with hepatitis A developed
      antibody against normal liver that persisted. The possible inplications of this
      in relation to pathogenesis and to non-specific diagnostic tests in hepatitis
      were discussed. A limited epidemiologic study of a family outbreak of hepatitis
      in Costa Rica and of a group of young adults in our epidemic country acquire
      their infections at an early age and are immune thereafter; persons in areas of
      relatively low incidence may proceed into adulthood without experience with
      hepatitis A. The CF test should provide an excellent tool for diagnosis and for
      epidemiologic investigation of hepatitis A and should be of considerable value to
      detect hepatitis A virus in attempts to propagate the virus in cell culture.

PMID- 165549
TI  - Modification of surface membrane antigens by trypsin.
AB  - Cultured 3T3 and PY-3T3 mouse fibroblasts were subjected to mild treatment with
      twice crystallized trypsin and their immunogenicity tested in ICR/CD-1 mice.
      Surface antigenic modifications were observed using the foot pad swelling assay
      for detection of delayed hypersensitive responses. Mice immunized with trypsin
      treated 3T3 cells showed cell-mediated immune reactions following challenge with
      either homologous antigen or untreated PY-3T3 fibroblasts. In contrast, treatment
      of the virus-transformed cells with trypsin decreased their antigenicity as
      determined by this in vivo assay.

PMID- 165550
TI  - Protein and RNA synthesis in follicles isolated from rabbit ovaries.
AB  - The in vitro synthesis of protein and RNA in follicles from mated and unmated
      rabbits has been studied by measuring precursor incorporation. Radioactive
      methionine incorporation into follicular proteins showed a transitory rise
      following coitus but fell to precoital levels in ovulated follicles. LH, FSH, and
      cyclic AMP all exerted an acute stimulatory action on the incorporation of amino
      acids into proteins by follicles from unmated rabbits. Radioactive uridine
      incorporation into follicular RNA showed the same temporal pattern of postcoital
      rise followed by a decline in incorporation rates in the period around ovulation.
      In acute incubations, FSH and cyclic AMP stimulated RNA synthesis; LH was without
      acute action on this process. The results of these studies suggest that a wave of
      follicular protein and RNA  synthesis precedes ovulation and may be partly
      related to the preovulatory surge in gonadotropins.

PMID- 165551
TI  - Tumor proteolipids.

PMID- 165552
TI  - Defective control of lipid biosynthesis in cancerous and precancerous liver.

PMID- 165553
TI  - Dietary fat in relation to tumorigenesis.

PMID- 165554
TI  - Fatty acid metabolism in tumors.

PMID- 165555
TI  - Lipoproteins in relation to cancer.

PMID- 165556
TI  - An EPR study of the species produced during the UV photolysis of heterocyclic
      compounds in methyltetrahydrofuran at 77 K.

PMID- 165557
TI  - Influence of light on the EPR-detectable, electron transport components in whole
      cell Rhodospirillum rubrum.

PMID- 165558
TI  - CD spectra and redox reactions of superoxide dismutase from Escherichia coli B:
      evidence for a Mn(III) enzyme.
AB  - Analysis of the metal content, CD and EPR spectra, and reaction with H(2)O(2) and
      ferrocyanide have been carried out on E. coli superoxide dismutase, which
      contains manganese as the metal prosthetic group. The results obtained indicate
      that the metal is present in the enzyme as a high spin Mn(III) complex of highly
      distorted octahedral symmetry, in the ratio of approximately 1 atom of manganese
      per enzyme dimer.

PMID- 165559
TI  - A metabolic basis for inefficient HCl secretion.

PMID- 165560
TI  - [Effects of some neuro-active drugs on REM sleep and rapid eye movements during
      REM sleep in man].

PMID- 165562
TI  - Shamanism and psychotherapy.

PMID- 165561
TI  - Spirit possession and healing cult among the Brasilian Umbanda.

PMID- 165563
TI  - Electron spin resonance studies of electron-irradiated peptides. A single crystal
      of N-acetyl-L-cysteine at 77 k.

PMID- 165564
TI  - Electron-affinic sensitization. VI. A pulse radiolysis and ESR comparison of some
      2- and 5-nitroimidazoles.

PMID- 165565
TI  - Effects of metal ions on the formation of radicals and strand breaks and on
      hydrogen transfer in gamma-irradiated DNA.

PMID- 165566
TI  - Antihyperlipidaemic agents.

PMID- 165568
TI  - [Pelvic arteriography in trophoblastic disease].

PMID- 165567
TI  - [Biosynthesis of collagen].

PMID- 165569
TI  - Evidence for a lesion in carbohydrate metabolism in fatty liver and kidney
      syndrome in chicks.
AB  - Liver and kidney slices from chicks affected with fatty liver and kidney syndrome
      (FLKS) were incubated in vitro with a variety of non-carbohydrate precursors and
      their ability to form glucose was studied. The results show that the affected
      liver was unable to form significant quantities of glucose from the precursors
      (gluconeogenesis). Glycogen breakdown was also drastically reduced because the
      tissue was almost devoid of this carbohydrate store. Blood chemistry revealed no
      evidence of overall liver malfunction but reflected the consequences of lack of
      gluconeogenesis. In contrast, kidney gluconeogenic activity was significantly
      higher than in the controls, suggesting an attempt by this organ to offset the
      reduced hepatic capability. Attempts to restore activity in vitro were made by
      adding known cofactors of gluconeogenesis. Asmall but significant improvement
      resulted from addition of biotin to liver slices.

PMID- 165570
TI  - Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in relation to liveweight of lambs.
AB  - Groups of lambs were fed four levels of a diet based upon oaten grain. Two groups
      gained weight rapidly, one less rapidly and the other lost liveweight over a 32
      day period. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was found to be closely
      correlated to liveweight, in a positive linear manner, in those lambs gaining
      weight rapidly. This relationship was similar in lambs of R or r blood group.
      Supplementation of the diet with limestone and or sodium chloride did not
      influence the relationship. This relationship is considered to reflect the
      influence of the dietary treatments upon the rate of skeletal metabolism.

PMID- 165571
TI  - A comparison in calves of the antigenicity of three strains of bovid herpesvirus
      2.
AB  - Three strains of bovid herpesvirus 2, viz. Allerton, bovine mammillitis and
      69/1LO were used to infect calves intradermally. Twenty-eight days later the
      immunity of the calves was challenged by intravenous injection of a homologous or
      heterologous strain. Challenge control calves developed a fever (greater than 40
      degrees C) lasting several days and widespread skin lesions which varied with the
      strain. Homologous challenge of the primary infection produced neither skin
      lesions nor febrile response, except in one calf in which fever was noted on one
      day. Heterologous challenge did not cause skin lesions but fever occurred in 8/12
      calves. In particular Allerton virus failed to protect completely against
      heterologous challenge. Despite minor differences evident in these experiments,
      it is recommended that these isolates should be considered as strains of the same
      virus--bovid herpesvirus 2.

PMID- 165572
TI  - The incidence of antibody to infectious  bovine rhinotracheitis virus in Kenyan
      cattle.
AB  - A total of 3204 cattle sera, collected between 1966 and 1974, from all seven
      provinces and 34 of the 42 districts of Kenya were screened in a neutralisation
      test for antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). Antibody to
      IBRV was found in some sera from all the districts, with cattle over two years
      old showing the highest incidence. A small number of goat sera also showed some
      antibody. From the results obtained it is concluded that IBRV infection is
      widespread in Kenyan cattle.

PMID- 165573
TI  - Comparison of three methods for sampling the bovine upper respiratory tract for
      viruses.
AB  - A modified naso-pharyngeal swab with nylon bristles had certain advantages for
      sampling the bovine upper respiratory tract for viruses. The titre of
      parainfluenza virus type 3 recovered was greatest when this type of swab was used
      compared with two other methods of sampling.

PMID- 165574
TI  - [Diagnostic value of bone scintigraphy with technetium pyrophosphate. Study of
      250 patients].
AB  - The authors report the results they obtained by bone scintigraphy using
      technetium pyrophosphate. In a study of 142 patients with cancer, the authors
      show, as others have done, that bone scintigraphy makes it possible to find bone
      metastases that are radiologically undetectable and they emphasize the importance
      of this discovery. In 7 patients with spondylodiscitis, of whom 1 was without
      radiological signs at the time the scintigraphy was carried out, the authors
      always observed localized vertebral hyperfixation and they noted that this
      examination can be valuable for distinguishing spondylodiscitis from pseudo
      Pott's discarthroses and from the lesions of vertebral epiphysitis, which in
      their experience do not result in isotopic hyperfixation. In 7 patients with
      epiphyseal osteonecrosis, the authors observed isotopic hyperfixation before the
      appearance of radiological signs. In 12 patients with osteoporosis, the authors
      observed hyperfixation in bone in certain compressed vertebrae, whereas other
      vertebrae that had probably been compressed some considerable time earlier did
      not fix the isotope excessively. They never observed hyperfixation in vertebrae
      that were not compressed. Among 5 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with
      radiological signs of sacro-iliac arthritis, the authors observed sacro-iliac
      hyperfixation in only 3 cases. Two other patients who had signs indicating
      ankylosing spondylarthritis, but were without radiological signs of sacro-iliac
      arthritis did not show sacro-iliac hyperfixation of the isotope. Among 7 patients
      with Paget's disease, the authors observed hyperfixation in all the bones with
      radiological signs of disease; in addition, in 3 patients, there was also
      hyperfixation in certain bones that were radiologically clear.

PMID- 165576
TI  - Stress polycythemia--a pathophysiologic study.
AB  - Two patients with "Gaisbock syndrome" (stress polycythemia) were found to have
      been under chronic "stress" with REM sleep decrease, decreased nocturnal ADH-like
      activity and consequent nocturnal water loss. The role of REM decrease with
      chronic "stress" in causing secondary decrease in nocturnal ADH-like activity was
      emphasized as the means by which "stress" caused the blood volume changes seen
      with these two patients. Some factors that possibly could play a role in the
      pathophysiology of this syndrome were ruled out and other factors not studied
      here were considered for future investigation.

PMID- 165575
TI  - [Synovial thesaurismosis with polyvinylpyrrolidone].

PMID- 165577
TI  - The prevention of iron dificency anemia in infants.
AB  - The prevention of iron deficiency requires attention to the toal feeding regimen
      as well as to its iron content. The use of fresh cow's milk in early infancy, a
      common practice, is associated with the development of measurable degrees of iron
      deficiency. In many instances excessive amounts of milk produce severe iron
      deficiency anemia during the second year of life in infants of greater than
      average birth weight. The psychological factors leading to such milk intakes have
      been reviewed. Present evidence supports the hypothesis that occult blood loss is
      a major etiologic factor in iron deficiency in infancy. Although the mechaisms of
      intestinal damage by fresh cow's milk protein is highly suspect and that the
      concentration of protein in the formula may play a significant role. What about
      iron fortification of infant formulas? Itis becoming clear that fullterm infants
      fed prepared formulas having protein concentrations approaching that of human
      milk and fed diets containing about 7 mg of iron daily after the age of 3 months
      infrequently develop biochemical iron deficiency. The addition of iron to the
      formula at levels of 10 to 12 mg/gt is assurance that their intake is adequate,
      whatever the iron intake from other foods. Low-birth-weight infants have
      increased iron needs because of their rapid growth. Iron-ofrtified formulas are
      necessary for these infants. Since iron from fortified formulas is well absorbed
      during the first three months of life, even if it is not immediately used for
      hemoglobin formation, an inccrease in the iron stores will occur...

PMID- 165578
TI  - Glycogen content in the adrenals and liver of rat embryos depending on the level
      of adrenocorticotropic functions.
AB  - The functional state of the adrenals of rats during prenatal development was
      studied. The accumulation of glycogen in the adrenals and liver in 15.5-21.5-day
      old embryos was used as the index. The maximum glycogen concentration in the
      adrenals and the minimum in the liver were detected in 15.5-16.5-day embryos,
      i.e., before the adrenals had begun to produce glucocorticoids. A sharp decrease
      in glycogen in the adrenals was observed in 17.5-day embryos, and an appreciable
      accumulation in the liver in 18.5-day embryos, which coincides with the beginning
      of the glucocorticoid function. Decapitation and encephalectomy performed at an
      age of 17.5-19.5 days of development of the embryos, were invariably accompanied
      by a significant increase in the glycogen content in the adrenals and a decrease
      in its level in the liver in the case of investigation after two days. This
      indicates an active participation of the hypothalamo-pituitary system in the
      regulation of the adrenocortical function in the late days of embryonic
      development.

PMID- 165579
TI  - The pancreas in infants and children.

PMID- 165580
TI  - The in vivo uptake of tritiated estradiol in carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - In human beings, the uptake of radiolabeled estradiol suppressed by carcinomatous
      breast tissue in vivo in relation to adipose breast tissue has been studied in 20
      patients. The ratio of tumor uptake to fat tissue uptake was correlated with the
      age of the patient, menopausal status, presence of axillary metastases at time of
      mastectomy, and the response to endocrine therapy if metastases were presented.
      There was no correlation between a higher uptake of estradiol by the tumor and
      age of the patient, menopausal status, or presence of axillary metastases at time
      of mastectomy. Patients with a higher uptake of estradiol tended to respond
      favorably to endocrine treatment.

PMID- 165582
TI  - Clinical course of cystosarcoma phyllodes related to histologic appearance.
AB  - A series of 17 females having cystosarcoma phyllodes underwent surgical
      treatment. The subsequent clinical course was observed periodically. Twelve
      patients had originally histologically benign tumors. Six patients had a
      recurrence, and of these, malignant characteristics developed in four instances.
      Five patients had originally histologically malignant tumors. Recurrences were
      encountered in four. Five patients died from a generalized spread of the tumor.
      Three of these patients had originally histologically benign tumors, in which
      malignant features of the recurrent tumor subsequently developed. The surgical
      treatment ranged from local excision to simple mastectomy with additional
      roentgenotherapy in three. Neither procedure prevented a recurrence from the
      original tumor, whether benign or malignant. Poor correlation exists between
      biologic behavior and histologic appearance of cystosarcoma phyllodes,
      independent of the surgical procedure. Wide local excision in histologically
      benign and mastectomy in histologically malignant tumors are advised, but no
      final decision could be reached. It is proposed to restrict ther term
      cystosarcoma phyllodes to histologically malignant tumors and use the term
      fibroadenoma phyllodes in instances of histologically benign tumors.

PMID- 165581
TI  - Glandular tumors of the palate.
AB  - Salivary gland tumors of the palate originate in the minor salivary glands
      located in the glandular zone of the palate. Approximately 7 per cent of all
      tumors of the salivary gland occur in the palate, and approximately one-half of
      such tumors are cancers. The salivary gland tumor is more often found in the hard
      palate. Of the 90 salivary gland tumors of the palate reported herein, 49 per
      cent were benign, and all were pleomorphic adenomas. Of the cancers, 70 per cent
      were cylindromas, 15 per cent mucoepidermoid cancers, and the remaining 15 per
      cent included acinic cell carcinomas, undifferentiated carcinomas, and papillary
      adenocarcinomas. There is a 50 per cent likelihood of a lump in the palate in the
      glandular zone being a cancer. The simplistic diagnosis of a cyst should be
      considered only after other lesions have been excluded. The recommended form of
      treatment is surgical excision. Fenestration of the palate is a potential
      consequence of excision in 30 to 60 per cent of patients, depending upon whether
      or not the lesion is benign or malignant. The results of surgical treatment are
      good, but fenestration shoud be accepted as a necessary result of adequate
      treatment. Surgical treatment of cylindromas continues to be most difficult and
      demands the utmost of that intangible essence known as surgical judgment.
      Radiotherapy has been considered as a palliative agent for the treatment of
      inoperable and recurring cancers, especially cylindromas.

PMID- 165583
TI  - [Morphologic diagnosis of early forms of breast cancer].

PMID- 165584
TI  - [Qualitative and quantitative histoenzymochemistry of stomach cancer].

PMID- 165586
TI  - The amino acid composition of proteins: a method of analysis.

PMID- 165585
TI  - [A malignant ovarian theca cell tumor].

PMID- 165587
TI  - Effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on sinus rate and atrial contractile force in the
      isolated atrium of the dog.
AB  - In blood-perfused isolated canine atrium preparations, single injections of
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP at a dose range of 1 to 30 mg were made into the cannulated
      sinus node artery. At doses above 3 mg, dibutyryl cyclic AMP induced a biphasic
      chronotropic and inotropic response; there was a slight and rapid negative
      chronotropic and inotropic response, followed by a long-lasting positive
      chronotropic and inotropic response. The induction of the positive effects was
      slow, and it took 4 to 8 min to reach a maximum response. These effects continued
      20 to 60 min. The ratios of the positive inotropic effect/positive chronotropic
      effect were very similar to those induced by norepinephrine. In this study, it
      was confirmed that a large dose of dibutyryl cyclic AMP induced a positive
      chronotropic and inotropic effect on the canine atrium, and the possibility was
      discussed that cyclic AMP may be involved in the effects of beta-adrenergic
      amines on the pacemaker and contractile process of the heart.

PMID- 165588
TI  - The sarcoma arising in giloblastoma: clinico-pathological report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of primary brain tumor composed of an admixture of sarcomatous and
      gliomatous tissues are reported together with their clinical courses and
      neurosurgical examination. There is no difference in clinical course nor in the
      result of examination between the usual glioblastoma multiforme and these
      admixture tumor. The histological examination at the surgical biopsy and autopsy
      suggested that enoplastic change of the sarcomatous element occurs markedly on
      hyperplastic blood vessels in the glioblastoma multiforme. The neoplastic change
      observed on hyperplastic blood vessels is not affected by radiation therapy.

PMID- 165589
TI  - Responses to exogenous dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate of cardiac output
      and blood flow in the renal, superior mesenteric and carotid arteries in
      anesthetized dogs.
AB  - Changes in the cardiac output and blood flow in the renal, superior mesenteric
      and carotid arteries in anesthetized dogs were observed, using the non
      cannulating electromagnetic flow meter. Dibutyryl cyclic-AMP, 5 mg/kg body
      weight, was given intravenously and the following results were obtained: 1)
      Dibutyryl cyclic-AMP increased the stroke volume and the cardiac output, and
      slightly increased the heart rate. These effects appeared 3 to 5 min after
      administration of dibutyryl cyclic-AMP. 2) The mean systemic blood pressure as
      well as the central venous pressure fell slightly. 3) The renal and the superior
      mesenteric artery blood flow increased markedly, but the carotid artery blood
      flow did not change. 4) Distribution of the cardiac output to the renal and
      superior mesenteric arteries did not change but distribution to the carotid
      artery decreased. 5) Total peripheral resistance, renal artery vascular
      resistance and superior mesenteric artery vascular resistance decreased, and
      carotid artery vascular resistance decreased slightly. 6) The cardiac output and
      blood flow were enhanced by aminophylline (3 mg/kg), and were not blocked by
      propranolol (0.3 mg/kg).

PMID- 165591
TI  - Procaine amide-induced vacuolation in macrophages and effects on endocytic
      activity.

PMID- 165590
TI  - Effects of dietary cadmium on rabbits. I. Early signs of cadmium intoxication.

PMID- 165592
TI  - Duodenal ulcers produced in rats by propionitrile: factors inhibiting and
      aggravating such ulcers.

PMID- 165593
TI  - Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on mammalian cells in
      tissue cultures.

PMID- 165594
TI  - Effects of intratracheal instillation of dactinomycin on pulmonary edema and
      phosphatase activity of the lung lavage fluid in rats.
AB  - Intratracheal (i.t.) administration of protein synthesis inhibitors produced
      pulmonary edema. Of those inhibitors studied, dactinomycin (act. D) was the most
      potent. Severity of lung damage due to act. D was dose- and almost age-related.
      Maximal intensity of pulmonary edema was reached on the 3rd day following
      administration and remained constant for 14 days. Histopathological studies
      revealed confluent edema of the entire lung. Pretreatment with act D induced
      tolerance to an LD100 edematogenic dose of thiourea. The effects of i.t.
      instillation of act. D appear to be localized in the pulmonary tissue. Lung
      lavage fluid collected from drug-treated rats had higher acid and alkaline
      phosphatase activities, higher protein content and more leukocyte infiltration
      than that of control.

PMID- 165595
TI  - Metabolism  of 4-14 C-progesterone in the adult female chimpanzee.
AB  - The metabolism of 4- 14-C-progesterone was studied in two adult female
      chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). After intravenous injection of 4- 14-C
      progesterone, urine was collected for 5 days. The urinary conjugates were
      hydrolyzed with Glusulase and the extracts purified by chromatography on silica
      gel, paper and alumina and then crystallized to constant specific activity with
      or without carrier steroid. The major metabolite in both experiments was
      pregnanediol which accounted for 39.8% and 49.5% of the recovered dose
      respectively. Pregnanolone (0.6% and 2.1%) and pregnanetriol (0.1% and 1.5%) were
      also isolated in smaller quantities. These data suggest that the pattern of
      progesterone metabolism in the chimpanzee is similar to that of man in that
      pregnanediol is the major metabolite whereas androsterone is not.

PMID- 165596
TI  - Specific progesterone receptors in human breast cancer.
AB  - We have identified a specific progesterone receptor in 11 of 33 human breast
      cancer cytosols. Since progesterone itself binds to glucocorticoid receptor, to
      corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), and to nonspecific components as well as
      to its own receptor, we have used a synthetic progestin, R5020 (17,21-dimethyl-19
      nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3,20-dione), whose binding specificity is restricted to
      progesterone receptor. Bound R5020 sediments at 8 S in sucrose gradients; binding
      is competed by excess unlabeled R5020 or progesterone. The receptor is distinct
      from glucocorticoid receptor and CBG as determined by competition studies using
      dexamethasone and hydrocortisone. The dissociation constant for R5020 obtained by
      Scatchard analysis of dextran-coated charcoal assays is approximately 2 times 10-
      minus 9 M.

PMID- 165597
TI  - Androgen binding to cytosol prepared from epididymides of sexually mature
      castrated rabbits: evidence for a cytoplasmic receptor.
AB  - The presence of androgen-binding activity in cytosol prepared from the major
      anatomical segments (caput, corpus, and cauda) of the epididymis of castrated
      sexually mature rabbits has been demonstrated. A portion of this binding activity
      is likely to be the epididymal androgen receptor. When epididymal cytosol from
      adult castrated rabbits is analyzed on low-ionic strength (0.01 MKCl) sucrose
      gradients, two peaks of macromolecular binding could be detected, one congruent
      to 4.6S and one congruent to 8S. On gradients containing 1.0 M KCl, only one
      sedimenting form congruent to 4.6S could be demonstrated, suggesting that the 8S
      component is composed of aggregates. If cytosol was preincubated with labeled
      androgen, followed by an incubation with unlabeled androgen, and subsequently
      analyzed for binding on low-ionic strength gradients, only the congruent to 8S
      peak could be detected, indicating that most of the binding in the congruent to
      4.6S region was rapidly dissociable. This suggests that binding in this region
      was to moieties other than receptor. Since androgen binding proteins (ABP) of
      testicular origin would have been cleared from the epididymis at the timepoints
      that we concentrated on for most of these studies, the 4.6S binding probably
      represents the association of androgen with plasma testosterone binding globulin
      (TeBG). The binding of androgen to the receptor can be inhibited by cyproterone,
      while this antiandrogen does not inhibit binding to either ABP or TeBG at the
      concentration used.

PMID- 165599
TI  - Genetic control of resistance to allogeneic and xenogeneic bone-marrow grafts in
      mice.

PMID- 165598
TI  - Androgen receptor in human skin fibroblasts. Characterization of a specific
      17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one-protein complex in cell sonicates and
      nuclei.
AB  - Cultured human skin fibroblasts were shown to contain an androgen binding
      activity (receptor) which was heat-labile and destroyed by trypsin. Specific
      binding was seen after incubations of these cells with 1,2-3-H-testosterone, 1,2
      3-H17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one (dihydrotestosterone, DHT) and 1,2-3-H
      5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol. This receptor had a high affinity (Kd=0,2
      1.6 nM) and a high degree of specificity for DHT. It was measured as a 3-H-DHT
      protein complex by gel filtration chromatography using a method which
      distinguishes specific from nonspecific binding. Receptor activity was
      distributed about equally between nuclear and extranuclear components at all
      times studied and was present in both compartments when cell incubations were
      carried out at 4 degrees and 37 degrees. Saturation analysis indicated that there
      were 1250-18,600 binding sites per whole cell. By sucrose gradient centrifugation
      the receptor had a sedimentation coefficient (S20,w) of about 4. Cells grown for
      8 days without serum in the medium maintained the same levels of 3-H-DHT binding.
      Within 15 hours puromycin (20 mug/ml) in serum-free medium caused a 40-60 percent
      decrease in binding for the same cell lines. Although the highest levels of 3-H
      DHT binding were observed in fibroblasts from newborn foreskin, appreciable
      cytosol and nuclear binding were seen in cells from forearm, neck and abdominal
      skin. Receptor activity was stable during prolonged culture. Fibroblasts from
      several skin sites from patients with the androgen insensitivity syndrome
      (testicular feminization) had no detectable specific DHT binding. In this study
      it was demonstrated that skin fibroblasts can rapidly convert testosterone to its
      active form, DHT, bind DHT to a specific receptor protein and transport this
      complex to their nuclei. Therefore this may prove to be a convenient system for
      studying androgen action in vitro.

PMID- 165601
TI  - Serological detection of antibodies to antigens controlled by minor
      histocompatibility loci.

PMID- 165600
TI  - Immunoselective loss of parental h antigens by somatic reduction in an H-2 a/H-2
      b hybrid mouse leukemia.

PMID- 165603
TI  - Infectious spread and control of feline leukemia virus.

PMID- 165602
TI  - The augmentation of tumor-specific immunity with immune RNA.

PMID- 165604
TI  - A clinical impression of Actinac in tropical acne.

PMID- 165605
TI  - [Cytogenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms].
AB  - Malignant tumors and pre-cancer processes are characterized by a high
      proliferative activity of cells, high chromosome variability and extremely high
      genome variability which is 10 times, as high as that in non-tumor actively
      proliferating tissues. A clear positive correlation is found between the cell
      division rate and the level of chromosome variability.

PMID- 165606
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of Mikulicz's cells].
AB  - The results are presented of the electron-microscopic examination of the main
      element of scleroma granulomatous tissue - the Mikulicz cells. New data on the
      shape and structure of their nuclei as well as on the presence of electron-dense
      bodies in their cytoplasma are given.

PMID- 165608
TI  - Mucin-secreting carcinoma of prostate.

PMID- 165607
TI  - Accessory phallic urethra in female pseudohermaphrodite.
AB  - The eighth case of a female pseudohermaphrodite with hypertrophy of the clitoris,
      a perineal and complete accessory phallic urethra, but without adrenal
      hyperplasia, is reported. The etiology of this syndrome and the rationale of its
      treatment are discussed and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 165609
TI  - An experimental inactivated vaccine against bluetongue.
AB  - Bluetongue virus grown in BHK cells was shown to be inactivated in concentrations
      of betapropiolactone (BPL)  higher than 0-15 per cent. When the virus,
      inactivated with 0-2 per cent BPL and prepared as a double emulsion vaccine, was
      injected into Cypriot sheep, no untoward reactions were observed and neutralising
      antibodies developed. The antibody titre reached a high level and persisted for
      at least a year. After re-vaccination, a secondary response was observed. A
      bivalent vaccine elicited a response to both virus types incorporated. The
      possibilities of using a polyvalent inactivated vaccine are discussed.

PMID- 165610
TI  - "Dog pox": some clinical aspects of an eruptive condition of certain mucous
      surfaces in dogs.
AB  - An eruptive condition seen on certain mucous membranes of dogs occurs frequently
      but often asymptomatically.  Lesions have been found to be present in over 60
      percent of male dogs.  The infection is probably due to a canine herpes virus and
      has been termed conveniently but inaccurately "dog pox".  In many cases lesions
      are present without observable clinical signs but severe irritation, especially
      related to lesions in the lower bowel, can give rise to marked symptoms which may
      be confused with abnormality of the para-anal sacs, or to chronic diarrhoea of a
      type suggestive of colitis.  The incidence, sites of infection and possible
      syndromes which may be ascribed to the condition are briefly discussed on a
      clinical basis only.

PMID- 165611
TI  - [The effect of microbial contemination of the air on metabolic indices in broiler
      chickens].
AB  - Trials were carried out with two groups of birds, White Plymouth times Cornish
      crosses. A third, control group of birds was also involved in the experiments,
      reared by the same technology. The only difference consisted in that the air in
      the premise of the test birds had a lower microbial content which, during the
      experiments was 2 to 5 times lower than that in the air of the controls. It was
      found that under the effect of the higher microbial content the blood serum
      protein drops like the protein content of the liver and heart musculature, the
      content of free amino acids rises, the amount of triptophane lowers, and  the
      activity of GOT and GPT is enhanced. The birds of the control group show higher
      enzyme activity so far as the glucose-6-phosphatase of the liver is concerned,
      lower glycogen content of the liver, and lower blood concentration of glucose. By
      the end of the trials the broilers of the control group were 50 gr less heavy
      than the lest birds.

PMID- 165612
TI  - [Plaque characteristics of herpes mamillitis virus (HMV)].
AB  - The virus of the bovine herpes mammillitis (VHM) produces a homogeneous plaque
      population. The plaques are either round or have the form of a slightly irregular
      circle, cized 2--3 mm in diameter, with a semitranslucent center. The microscopic
      examination of paticular plaques has revealed a necrotic center composed of
      destroyed cells, and in cases where the gross examination gives a clearly defined
      ontour there is a band of both normal and destroyed cells. No morphologic
      differences have been established in plaque formation so far as local strains
      KOS/H-ovo and DZS and the reference strain TVA are concerned. It has been found
      that the number of the plaques formed is directly proportional to the
      concentration of the inoculated virus. The preciseness and specificity of the
      plaque reduction test has been demonstrated as well. The comparative testing of
      hydrolysed starch, agarose, agar, and carboxylmethylcellulose for the plaque
      study of VHM has shown that best results are obtained with the use of starch and
      agarose, no morphologic variation being established among plaques overlaid with
      the four tested substances.

PMID- 165613
TI  - [Concurrent vulvovaginitis, respiratory syndrome and keratoconjunctivitis in
      calves].
AB  - Studied was a disease course in calves caused by the IBR/IPV virus with symptoms
      characteristic of vulvovaginitis, respiratory distrubances and
      keratoconjunctivitis. Concurrent infections of such type were observed primarily
      in several-month-old calves (aged from 6--7 weeks to 6 months). In older calves
      (aged 1--2 years) vulvovaginitis predominated, it being more rarely associated
      with changes typical of pneumonia, and, as an exception accompanied by
      keratoconjunctivitis. Dairy cows exhibited predominatly the chronic form of
      vulvovaginitis. Isolated were 16 strains of the IBR/IPV virus showing properties
      analogous of those of the standard Oxford strain. Demonstrated were specific
      IBR/IPV antibodies in calves, cows and bulls (from 24.5 up to 50 per cent). The
      problem is discussed of the correlation between sterility in cows showing the
      presence of the IBR/IPV virus and the symptoms of vulvovaginits as well as the
      presence of hypospermia and balanoposthitis in bulls harbouring the virus
      infection.

PMID- 165614
TI  - [Histochemical and histoenzymatic study of experimental myocardial infarction in
      the rat by temporary and permanent ligation of the left coronary artery (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The evolution of experimental myocardial infarction in the Rat with or without
      revascularization has been studied histochemically and histoenzymatically in 56
      animals sacrified after 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 hrs and 7 days. Following permanent
      ischemis (14 animals), there appeared an extended transversal infarction marked
      by the complete disappearance of all phosphorylase activity (P-ase) after the
      first hour. During the first 6 hrs, changes appeared in succinodeshydrogenase
      (SHD) and cytochrome oxydase (Cyt-Ox). Glucose-6-phosphodeshydrogenase (G6PDH)
      presisted until lysis of the necrotic focus. It was possible to define a
      perinecrotic marginal area in which Pase activity is absent and SDH is granular
      "G3 in nature, characterized by continuous remodeling in the first 48 hrs.
      Following temporary ischemia (42 animals) the evolution was marked by rapid
      tissue reactions and early regression of the marginal zones. After 48 hrs and 7
      days of survival, the planimetric evaluation of the infarcted area shows a
      definite reduction in the size of the infarctus in 50% of cases following removal
      of the ligature after 6 hrs, and in 66% of cases following removal of the
      ligature after 1 hr. It would appear probable that the revitalization of certain
      myocardial areas may extend from the marginal zones as is suggested by the
      reappearance in these zones several hrs after revascularization of P-ase and SDH
      activity. On the other hand, it is also true that the early restoration of blood
      flow does not always prevent the occurrence of an extended infarction. Certain
      recent observations have shown microcirculatory changes which are secondary to
      anoxia and should be studied further.

PMID- 165615
TI  - The ultrastructure of focal islet cell adenomatosis in the newborn with
      hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism.
AB  - In a newborn severe persistent hypoglycemia due to an insulin-producing tumorous
      proliferation of pancreatic islet cells (insulinoma) was observed. The insulinoma
      showed the histologic pattern of focal adenomatosis of islet cells. According to
      the present literature the focal proliferation of islet cell complexes seems to
      be a frequent and particular feature of insulinomas in the newborn. Differential
      islet cell staining identified 80%-90% of the proliferated islet cells as B
      cells. 10%-20% of the cells were found to be A or D cells. Ultrastructurally the
      majority of the proliferated islet cells were well differentiated B cells. The
      remaining cells represented either A or D cells or a fourth islet cell type with
      small spheric granules. Electronmicrscopic evidence of transitions between
      differentiated islet cells, particularly B cells, and the fourth islet cell type
      suggests that the fourth islet cell type might represent a precursor cell within
      the APUD-cell system.

PMID- 165616
TI  - Replication kinetics of N- and B-tropic murine leukemia viruses on permissive and
      nonpermissive cells in vitro.

PMID- 165617
TI  - A major genetic locus affecting resistance to infection with murine leukemia
      viruses. IV. Dose-response relationships in Fv-1-sensitive and resistant cell
      cultures.

PMID- 165618
TI  - Early functions of the genome of herpesvirus. V. Serological analysis of
      "immediate-early" proteins.

PMID- 165619
TI  - Endogenous oncornaviruses in chemically induced transformation. I. Transformation
      independent of virus production.

PMID- 165621
TI  - Covalent integration of viral DNA into cell DNA in hamster cells transformed by
      an avian adenovirus.

PMID- 165620
TI  - Interferon externalization by producing cell before induction of antiviral state.

PMID- 165623
TI  - Polyoma virus-transformed rat cell lines inducible for viral capsid antigen
      synthesis.

PMID- 165622
TI  - Studies on the replication of reticuloendotheliosis virus: detection of viral
      specific DNA sequences in infected chick cells.

PMID- 165624
TI  - Structure of herpes simplex virus DNA: topography of the molecule. I. Absence of
      circularly permuted sequences.

PMID- 165625
TI  - RNA tumor virus specific sequences in nuclear DNA of several avian species.

PMID- 165626
TI  - Enhancement of the replication of human adenovirus in simian cells by a series of
      temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40.

PMID- 165627
TI  - Regulation mechanism of simian virus 40 late gene expression in primary kidney
      cells and simian virus 40 transformed 3T3 cells.

PMID- 165628
TI  - Letter: Light induced change in rod outer segment membrane fluidity.

PMID- 165629
TI  - Rhodopsin cooperativity in visual response.

PMID- 165630
TI  - Spin-labeled rhodopsin.

PMID- 165631
TI  - [Glomus tumor of the lung and mediastinal lipoma (one case)].

PMID- 165632
TI  - [Determination of individual sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-fluorouracil by
      tumor tissue respiratory and glycolytic indices].
AB  - Eighty one patients were studied for individual susceptibility of gastric tumors
      to 5-FU as evidenced by endogenic respiration and glycolysis of fresh tumor
      sections, the main criterion being the suppressed respiration, the accessory one 
      inhibition of glycolysis. Three groups of tumors were differentiated: susceptible
      (25.9%), slightly susceptible (28.4%) and unsusceptible (45.7%) to 5-fluoruracil.
      Mostly adenocarcinomas were found in a group of susceptible tumors, scirrhous and
      colloid cancers -- in an unsusceptible group. A correlation outlined between the
      results of determining susceptibility in vitro and clinical data enabled to
      recommend the method of determining susceptibility to 5-FU for clinical
      application.

PMID- 165633
TI  - [The clinical picture and diagnosis of mechanical jaundice during tumor growth].
AB  - Studies on the clinical course of the lesion in 525 patients with malignant
      tumors of the bilio-pancreato-duodenal system organs have evidenced that jaundice
      is not an early sign of the affection. In developed jaundice it is rational to
      differentiate two main diagnostic stages: presurgical which main task is
      differentiation between mechanic jaundice and hepatocellular jaundice, the
      greatest importance being attached to clinical investigation of serum enzymes and
      clinical data. The second main diagnostic stage is an operation during which all
      feasible methods of ultimate diagnosis should be employed, including direct
      cholangiography and urgent microscopy of a tumor.

PMID- 165634
TI  - [The mechanism of hypoalbuminemia in experimental tumors].

PMID- 165635
TI  - [The effectiveness of treatment for breast cancer patients].
AB  - The study of late results of treatment in 1166 patients with breast cancer
      permitted to find the percentage of a 5-year survival to be equal to 55.58,
      37.93% of patients survived for 10 years, 28.25% -- for 15 years. In the first
      stage  a 5-year survival was 87.20%, while in the second and third -- 57.7% and
      31.56% of patients survived for 5 years, accordingly. The modern methods of
      radiotherapy (radiosurgical method, interstitial gamma therapy with Au-198
      granules, distance grammatherapy on the machine LUCH) enhanced the efficacy of
      therapeutic measures in patients with widespread breast cancer. A complex
      diagnosis -- cytology, non-contrast mammography and mathematical analysis by
      means of a computer contributes to recognition of early forms of breast cancer.

PMID- 165636
TI  - [Surgical treatment of breast cancer patients (according to material from the
      Rovno, Novgorod, Zvenigorod, Murmansk and Volynsk oncologic dispensaries].
AB  - A retrospective analysis of the survival in 230 patients with breast cancer,
      stage T1N0M0, subjected to mastectomy is presented. The results of treatment are
      compared with the survival of 62 patients, in whom economic resections were
      performed (segmental resection, routine mastectomy). In both groups of patients
      late results of treatment in stage T1N0M0 practically coincided. It was found
      that about 20% of nonpulpable axillary lymph nodes proved to be involved in
      metastases. Due to this, it is recommended to perform economic operations
      simultaneously with surgical dissection of axillary lymph nodes en bloc with a
      tumor.

PMID- 165637
TI  - Primary empty sella syndrome.

PMID- 165639
TI  - Water disinfection in the wilderness--a simple, effective method of iodination.

PMID- 165640
TI  - [Malignant synovioma].

PMID- 165638
TI  - Persistent or slow viral infections and related diseases.
AB  - The discovery of persistent transmissible agents by veterinarians has led to
      striking advances in the infectious cause of neuropathies of human beings. There
      is evidence for persisting infection in congenital rubella and the herpes group
      of viruses including cytomegalovirus infections. Hepatitis types A and B are
      candidates for inclusion in the category of persisting viral infections. The
      rubeola or measles virus is established as a persistent virus which causes
      elevated antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of many patients with
      severe demyelinating disease such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and
      multiple sclerosis. Elevated antibodies against vaccinia virus have been found in
      the cerebrospinal fluid of some patients with multiple sclerosis and
      neuromyelitis optica, a rare form of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 165641
TI  - [Sudden deafness and cytomegaly virus infection (author's transl)].
AB  - A 49-year old patient complained of sudden deafness in his right ear. With the
      exception of a rising titre level of the complement-fixing antibodies there were
      no positive findings for the cytomegaly virus. However, the eight-fold rise in
      the titre level after a latent period made it appear likely that the sudden
      deafness was caused by a cytomegaly virus infection. This assumption was also
      supported by the lack of vestibular symptoms, which, according to literature, is
      quite frequent in virus diseases of the inner ear. The usual therapy led to an
      improvement in the patient's hearing, which was also accompanied by a drop in the
      titre level of the antibodies. No prognosis can be made, since similar
      observations have not yet been recorded.

PMID- 165642
TI  - [Trophoblastic tumors].

PMID- 165643
TI  - [Pharmacodynamic examples on the effect enhancement or alteration of action
      through molecular dimerization].

PMID- 165645
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid concentration and urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine-3',
      5'-monophosphate in various diseases of children.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration and urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate(cAMP) were measured in children aged from 3 days to 15 years
      by the protein-binding method of Gilman (1970). The mean CSF cAMP concentration
      (22.4 plus or minus 0.6 (S.E.) nmol/l) of 24 "healthy" children tended to be
      lower (P less then 0.2) than that of adult patients who revealed no pathological
      findings on clinical examination. No difference in the results was foung between
      the sexes. High cAMP concentrations were found in CSF of children suffering from
      cerebellar glioma, hypothalamic precocious puberty, bacterial meningitis, or
      Cushing's disease. The urinary excretion of cAMP varied from 0.2 to 5.3 in
      "healthy" and from 1.3 to 7.6 mumol/24 hrs in diseased children. Two children
      with pheochromocytoma showed a striking decrease in the rate of urinary excretion
      of the nucleotide after surgical treatment.

PMID- 165646
TI  - Pathogenic mechanisms not operating in Eimeria necatrix infections.
AB  - Having investigated certain aspects of Eimeria necatrix coccidiosis in chickens,
      workers of the Hannover Veterinary School postulated "that death following a
      single inoculation of a large number of oocysts is due to an alarm reaction and
      not a specific pathogenic action of the parasites". Because this hypothesis is
      somewhat revolutionary in its consept, several pieces of evidence on which it is
      based and several logical deductions which can be made from it have been
      examined. It has been confirmed that injection of chichens with cysteamine or 5
      hydroxytryptamine 30 min before inoculation of the birds with a lethal dose of E.
      necatrix oocysts reduces subsequent mortality; the reason for this, however,
      appears not to be the neutralisation of the proposed shock reaction, but rather
      an inhibition of the excystation process, brought about indirectly through the
      host. Inoculation of chickens with a non-lethal dose of E. necatrix oocysts 30
      min before inoculation with a lethal dose of oocysts was followed by increased
      mortality rather than the decreased mortality which the hypothesis would predict.
      Treatment of chickens with sulphadimidine starting 48 h after inoculation
      resulted in survival of the birds rather than death which would ensue if in fact
      mortality was due to a shock reaction irreversibly initiated at the time of
      inoculation. A direct effect of sulphadimidine on the parasite has been shown
      both in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 165647
TI  - Alterations in cyclic necleotides in dogs after triiodothyronine.
AB  - The effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on plasma and tissue levels (liver, adipose
      tissue, muscle) of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were determined in
      Mongrel dogs. Plasma cyclic AMP increased to a mean plateau value 165% greater
      than control values in response to a single intravenous injection of T3 (100-200
      mug/kg body weight). This treatment resulted in no increase in plasma cyclic GMP.
      In liver, cyclic AMP concentration decreased 54%, while cyclic GMP increased
      137%. Adipose tissue cyclic AMP levels decreased in control animals during the
      experimental procedure. On the other hand, animals given T3 had stable or (in one
      case) increasing adipose tissue cyclic AMP levels. Hence, T3, actually maintained
      higher levels than that expected, in comparison to the control. Cyclic GMP levels
      in adipose tissue were not affected by T3. Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were
      unchanged in muscle. In all cases, a time lag occurred (30-45 min) between
      administration of T3 and subsequent alterations in cyclic nucleotide levels. It
      was concluded that T3 is capable of altering concentrations of cyclic AMP and
      cyclic GMP in vivo and that cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP patterns of response are
      completely different. In liver, a converse relation of the two nucleotides is
      present. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that some of T3's
      action may be explained by its effects upon either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP.

PMID- 165644
TI  - Rhinoviruses.

PMID- 165648
TI  - Glucose inhibiton of the permeation of chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid in
      the plasma membrane of pancreatic beta-cells.
AB  - The transport of chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid (CMBS) was studied in
      microdissected pancreatic islets of ob/ob mice incubated in Krebs-Ringer
      bicarbonate medium. Glucose inhibited the islet uptake of CMBS. The initial
      binding of CMBS to superficial thiol groups was inhibited to a lesser extent than
      was its further permeation into the interior of the plasma membrane. The non
      metabolized glucose analogue 3-0-methyl glucose had no effect on the permeation
      of CMBS. Whereas mannoheptulose, epinephrine and diazoxide lacked any effect in
      themselves, they tended to counteract the glucose inhibition of CMBS permeation.
      The ability of glucose to inhibit CMBS permeation is related to its insulin
      releasing action rather than to its membrane transport or further metabolism.

PMID- 165649
TI  - Age dependence of plasma oestrogen response to HCG and ACTH in men.
AB  - Twelve men, 19-40 years old, and 12 men, 60-86 years old, were given ACTH and in
      a second test series, HCG. Oestrone, oestradiol-17beta and cortisol were measured
      in the plasma before and after stimulation. Under basal conditions oestrone and
      oestradiol as well as the percentage binding of testosterone increased
      significantly with age, whereas cortisol remained unchanged. The administration
      of HCG resulted in higher levels of both  plasma oestrone and oestradiol in older
      subjects than in younger ones, although the percentage increase was smaller. ACTH
      stimulation leads to higher levels of oestrone in the older group, whereas
      oestradiol remained unchanged. Cortisol rose 3.5 fold in both groups. Regarding
      absolute concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol the ability of the adrenals
      and of the testes to respond to exogenous gonadotrophin and adrenocorticotrophin
      appeared to be preserved despite ageing, though the relative responses of
      oestrone and oestradiol after HCG and of oestrone after ACTH were decreased in
      old as compared to young men.

PMID- 165650
TI  - Effect of diethylnitrosamine on the livers of rats after high oral doses
      administered at intervals varying between three and twenty-four days.
AB  - When 200 mg of diethylnitrosamine per kg of body weight was administered with a
      stomach tube once a week to female Wistar W.64 rats, all of them died within
      three weeks from severe hepatocellular injuries and haemorrhages of the liver,
      lungs and small intestine. Weekly administrations of 100 mg per kg of body weight
      consistently caused the rats to die after seven to fifteen weeks from severe
      hepatic cirrhoses characterized by large tubercles. Weekly doses of 50 mg per kg
      of body weight caused much less severe hepatic cirrhosis. Under these conditions
      death occurred after 17 to 23 weeks, all the rats having contracted multiple
      hepatocellular carcinomas and in most cases pronounced hepatic cirrhosis. When
      this amount of diethylnitrosamine was administered for twelve weeks only the
      hepatic cirrhosis was less apparent, but a substantial influence on the tumor
      development was not observed. After a reduction of the dose to 25 mg per kg of
      body weight once a week all the rats in the relevant group died after 26 to 35
      weeks, likewise from multiple hepatocellular carcinomas. Hepatic cirrhosis were
      then relatively inconspicuous. Similar results were obtained when, not the dose,
      but the interval between doses (100 mg/kg each) was varied. This clearly
      differential effect of diethylnitrosamine in the rat thus makes it a simple
      matter to induce hepatic cirrhosis or cancers that are suitable for a variety of
      tests and also, for example, as models for therapy trials.

PMID- 165651
TI  - Studies of the plasma kinin-forming system in cirrhosis of the liver.
AB  - Kininogen level, that of active kinins and kininase activity in the plasma of
      patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver and of healthy people were
      studied.  The kininogen content was determined by different available methods
      i.e. the trypsin and acetone techniques and by means of the plasma and glandular
      kallikrein preparation.  An increase in kininase activity and a lowered kininogen
      level as determined by all the methods were found in the sick persons.  The
      maximal decrease in the kininogen level determined by means of the plasma
      kallikreins is substantiated in connection with the increased fibrinolytic
      activity of the plasma of the patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

PMID- 165652
TI  - Virus antibody levels in serum specimens from patients with optic neuritis and
      from matched controls;.
AB  - Virus antibody levels in serum specimens taken in acute and convalescent phases
      from 77 patients with optic neuritits were tested by measles hamagglutination
      inhibition (HI), measles hemolysis inhibition (HLI), rubella HI, parainfluenza-1
      HI, Epstein-Barr immunofluorescence (IF), and against 11 other viruses and
      mycoplasma pneumoniae with the complement fixation (CF) technique. The virus
      antibody levels were indicated to be usually very stable, and a fourfold change
      in virus antibody levels was demonstrated in only eight patients. The virus
      antibody levels were compared with specimens from two carefully selected control
      groups. The first control group consisted of 71 healthy persons matched in age,
      sex and place of residence with the patients with optic neuritis. The other
      control group consisted of 58 patients with various neurological diseases other
      than multiple sclerosis (MS) or infectious diseases of the central nervous
      system. The patients with optic neuritis had significantly higher measles
      antibody titres than the two control groups in both measles HI and measles HLI
      tests. Also in 33 patients with optic neuritis of unknown cause, the measles
      antibody levels were higher than in the control groups. On the other hand,
      various other antibody tests showed no statistically significant differences
      between patients with optic neuritis and the control group.

PMID- 165653
TI  - Virus antibody levels in the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with optic
      neuritis.
AB  - Virus antibody levels were studied in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 58
      patients with optic neuritis and 58 control patients with no indication of
      multiple sclerosis (MS) or infectious disorders of the central nervous system
      (CNS). The specimens were tested against three different structural components of
      measles virus with measles hemagglutination inhibition (HI), measles hemolysis
      inhibition (HLI) and gel precipitation (GP) tests. Measles antibodies occurred in
      62 per cent of CSF specimens from patients with optic neuritis, and 21 per cent
      of the controls. In the specimens from patients with optic neuritis, the positive
      rate figures were: for rubella HI test 35, parainfluenza-1 HI 16,  and Epstein
      Barr virus immunofuorescence (IF) 53 per cent. The frequencies in the control
      group were 10, 10 and 26 per cent, respectively. Serum/CSF antibody ratios below
      80 occurred in measles tests in 45 per cent of patients with optic neuritis and
      16 per cent of the control group. Some patients with optic neuritis (but none
      from the control group) had a reduced serum/CSF antibody ratio in more than one
      measles antibody test, The patients with optic neuritis had a higher frequency of
      low serum/CSF albumin ratios indicating blood brain barrier damage, There were,
      however, several patients with a normal serum/CSF albumin ratio but low serum/CSF
      immunoglobulin G and measles antibody ratios. This supports the hypothesis that
      local production of measles antibodies takes place in CNS in some patients with
      optic neuritis as well as in MS patients. The CSF specimens were further tested
      against 12 other viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae complement fixation, but there
      were no positive specimens. New CSF specimens were taken from five patients
      during optic neuritis, and from seven patients later on during the follow-up
      because of the appearance of new neurological symptoms. There were no changes in
      virus antibody levels, except for two patients with an increase of measles virus
      antibody titres.

PMID- 165654
TI  - Congenital generalized lipodystrophy.
AB  - Six patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy are described. They had
      generalized paucity of fat tissue, acanthosis nigricans, prominent superficial
      veins and muscle hypertrophy. They were mentally retarded. Three had corneal
      opacities. They had normal external genitalia and none was tall for age. Their
      bone age was advanced and some had minor skeletal anomalies and nephromegaly. The
      muscle histology on light microscopy was normal. The majority had elevated serum
      aldolase and to a lesser degree serum lactic dehydrogenase and creatinine
      phosphokinase. Four of five examined had a myopathic electromyogram. They had
      normal or deranged liver function tests. The fatty liver infiltration in one
      seems to be progressive. Four had a normal and two an abnormal metyrapone test.
      They had an age-dependent abnormality of growth hormone, insulin and carbohydrate
      homeostasis.

PMID- 165655
TI  - Preparation of type specific herpes simplex antisera by an immunosorbent method;.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 specific immune sera have been
      produced by adsorption with glutaraldehyde-polymerized heterologous virus
      antigen. The adsorbed sera showed high specificity in complement fixation,
      immunoelectroosmophoresis and neutralization tests, The precipitin patterns in
      IEOP indicate the presence of at least five HSV type 1 and three HSV type 2
      specific antigens.

PMID- 165656
TI  - Function of erythrocytes in attaching selenite-se onto specific plasma proteins.

PMID- 165658
TI  - [Values of plasma cortisol during hemodialysis].

PMID- 165657
TI  - Behavioral effects of dibutyryl cyclic 3'5'AMP and biogenic amines in rats.
AB  - White male Wistar rats were injected intraventricularly with 200 mug of dibutyryl
      cyclic 3'5'AMP (DAMP. 30 min later part of animals was injected
      intraventricularly with 10 mug of dopamine (DA), 10 mug of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5
      HT) or 50 mug of acetylcholine (Ach). Immediately after injection of the amines
      the time of walking, convulsions, immobility and number of jumps during 10 min
      periods of observation was measured. DAMP induced excitation of animals expressed
      by convulsions, jumping and short period of immobility. All studied biogenic
      amines inhibited convulsions and caused periodically stereotypical behavior. 5-HT
      and Ach increased the time of immobility in animals injected with DAMP. DA
      increased the number of jumping. These results indicate the interaction between
      DAMP and DA, 5-HT and Ach on behavioral phenomena in rats.

PMID- 165659
TI  - The relationship of antidiuretic hormone to the control of volume and tonicity in
      the human.

PMID- 165660
TI  - Isoelectric focusing in liquid and gels as applied to clinical chemistry.

PMID- 165661
TI  - Beta-adrenergic receptors, cyclic AMP, and ion transport in the avian
      erythrocyte.
AB  - (1) Interaction of beta-adrenergic catecholamines with specific receptors on the
      cell membrane causes activation of adenylate cyclase, generation of intracellular
      cyclic 3',5'-AMP, and enhanced sodium and potassium transport. The effects of
      catecholamines on each of these functions are characteristic of beta1-type
      receptor interactions and are specific for 1(--)isomers. The order of
      effectiveness of agonists is isoproterenol greater than norepinephrine
      approximately equal to epinephrine. (2) exogenous cyclic 3',5'-AMP enhances
      sodium or potassium transport in a fashion identical to that caused by
      catecholamines. (3) the receptor contains an ethanolamine site that recognizes
      the stereospecific function of the agonist. Interaction at this site can be
      determined by measuring specific binding of a high specific activity
      radioiodinated beta-blocker analogue (125-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol).
      Catecholamines bind at this site with affinities that parallel their biologic
      effectiveness as beta-adrenergic agonist. Beta-Blockers interact at this site
      with affinities that parallel their potencies as specific inhibitors of biologic
      function. (4) the adenylate cyclase complex contains a receptor site for guanyl
      nucleotides that is distinct from the catalytic site for ATP. Interaction at this
      site can be determined by measuring binding of radioactive
      guanylylimidodiphosphate (GMPPNP). GMPPNP markedly enhances the adenylate cyclase
      response to beta-adrenergic catecholamines with a 10-fold increase in apparent
      affinity of isoproterenol for activation of adenylate cyclase. Concomitantly
      there is a shift in Km and Vmax for ATP at the catalytic site. (5) Activation of
      adenylate cyclase by agonist or GMPPNP alone is reversible (GMPPNP remains bound
      even though the system returns to basal activity). The addition of isoproterenol
      plus GMPPNP, however, results in a state of enzyme activity which is apparently
      irreversible even though, under these conditions, the beta-adrenergic
      catecholamine freely dissociates from its receptor site. Under these conditions
      also the activated enzyme is not inhibited by the specific beta-blocker
      propranolol. (6) There is no evidence under adenylate cyclase assay conditions
      for a direct interaction of guanyl nucleotides with the beta-adrenergic receptor
      site nor for direct interaction of the agonist with the guanyl nucleotide site.

PMID- 165662
TI  - Thyrotropin-receptor interaction and cyclic AMP-mediated effects in thyroid
      cells.
AB  - Thyroid cells in culture constitute a suitable system for the study of thyroid
      gland function and its regulation. The natural thyroid stimulator (TSH) induces
      the in vitro reorganization of thyroid cells into three-dimensional follicles
      morphologically and metabolically similar to gland follicles. In contrast,
      nonstimulated cells develop as a monolayer and in a concerted manner rapidly lose
      the enzymes involved in iodine metabolosm and the aptitude to bind TSH to
      specific receptor sites. The morphogenetic action of TSH and its ability to
      maintain the specific metabolic properties of thyroid cells in culture are
      mediated by cyclic AMP via new RNA and new protein synthesis. Therefore
      comparison of the properties of a given cell type in morphologically and
      metabolically different status should provide a valuable tool for studying the
      TSH mechanism of action. Using 125-I-labeled TSH of high purity, high specific
      radioactivity, and preserved biologic potency, TSH interaction with intact cells
      and their derived plasma membranes was studied. At both the cellular and the sub
      cellular level a very good agreement was found for the values of the rate and
      equilibrium constants of labeled TSH binding. A single type of high-affinity low
      capacity site was revealed. In contrast, in both systems dissociation of bound
      labeled TSH was not of single-order kinetics and showed two kinetic components
      with half-lives of 3 and 30 min. An excellent correlation between half
      stimulation of adenylate cyclase and iodide transport mechanism activation, and
      the dissociation constant of TSH binding, was found, indicating that the in vitro
      system studied was relevant to physiologic regulation.

PMID- 165663
TI  - Regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 165665
TI  - Bovine heart protein activator of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 165666
TI  - Differential activation and inhibition of the multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase.
AB  - The brain as well as other mammalian tissues contains several different forms of
      cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase separable by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Each tissue and each individual type of cell has its own
      distinctive pattern and ratio of these multiple forms of phosphodiesterase. The
      different forms have several distinguishing properties and characteristics, and
      their activities may be differentially regulated both acutely and chronically.
      The enzyme forms have different stabilities, kinetic properties, substrate
      specificities, and sensitivities to an endogenous activator and to several
      inhibitors of phosphodiesterase. The phosphodiesterase inhibitors studied not
      only inhibit the different forms of phosphodiesterase to different degrees but
      apparently do so by different mechanisms. Thus whereas theophylline, cyclic GMP,
      and low concentrations of papaverine inhibit the phosphodiesterases by competing
      with the substrate (cyclic AMP), trifluoperazine apparently inhibits
      phosphodiesterase by interfering with the phosphodiesterase activator. This
      confers a great deal of specificity to this drug, since only one form of
      phosphodiesterase is markedly activated by the activator. Chronically, a specific
      form of phosphodiesterase appears to be inducible. This induction is probably
      controlled by the intracellular cyclic AMP concentration. The phosphodiesterase
      activator also appears to be regulatable, the age of the animal being one of the
      factors controlling its activity. Finally, since different types of cells have
      different relative amounts of the phosphodiesterases and since these forms of the
      enzyme can be differentially inhibited by drugs, it may be possible to develop
      drugs which will selectively increase the cyclic AMP concentration in discrete
      cell types. Evidence that cyclic AMP is involved in certain disease states
      suggests further that by selectively altering the concentration of cyclic AMP in
      these cells, one might be able to alter the course of the disease.

PMID- 165664
TI  - Ca-2+/Mg-2+-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and its activator
      protein.
AB  - (1) Ca-2+/Mg-2+-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase was found in the
      supernatant fluids of a variety of tissues, including cerebral cortex,
      cerebellum, kidney, liver, and heart. (2) this enzyme required Ca-2+, Mg-2+, and
      an activator protein (PAF) for the activity. In the presence of these ingredients
      the enzyme hydrolyzed cyclic GMP preferentially when incubated with a low
      concentration (0.4 muM) of substrate. (3) The enzyme devoid of PAF was eluted in
      fraction II with a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 after Sephadex G-200
      gel filtration of the supernatant fluids using medium containing EGTA. PAF thus
      separated from the enzyme was eluted in a fraction corresponding to a molecular
      weight of approximately 28,000 by gel filtration. Stimulation of the activity of
      fraction II by Ca-2+ was completely dependent on the addition of PAF. (4)
      Formation of an active enzyme-PAF complex with an estimated molecular weight of
      200,000 was demonstrated by gel filtration of a mixture of the enzyme and PAF in
      medium containing Ca-2+. It is likely that the activity of the Ca-2+/Mg-2+ in a
      concentration range of approximately 1 to 10 muM, as shown in the following
      equation: [Enzyme] inactive + PAF + Ca-2+ in equilibrium [enzyme - PAF - Ca-2+]
      active. More than one PAF protein may bind to one molecule of enzyme to form an
      active complex. Equilibrium of the above equation is probably determined mainly
      by the intracellular concentration of Ca-2+ in vivo. (5) The enzyme-PAF complex
      was more labile after heat treatment than the free form of enzyme. (6) PAF was
      isolated from all tissues listed in (1). The levels of PAF and of fraction II did
      not correspond exactly.

PMID- 165667
TI  - Activation of photoreceptor disk membrane phosphodiesterase by light and ATP.

PMID- 165668
TI  - Mechanisms of control for cAMP-dependent protein kinase from skeletal muscle.
AB  - A number of properties of homogeneous cyclic 3',5'-AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein
      kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle were determined. The enzyme is shown to be a
      tetramer consisting of one regulatory subunit dimer and two catalytic subunit
      monomers. Skeletal muscle protein kinase interacts with cAMP and MgATP as
      illustrated in the following equilibrium expression: R2C2 - (MgATP)2 + 2 cAMP in
      equilibrium R2 - (cAMP)2 + 2C + 2 MgATP. MgATP is shown to decrease the affinity
      of the enzyme for cAMP and to be necessary for recombination of the subunits. The
      concentration of the enzyme in tissue relative to that of cAMP is high enough to
      influence kinetic parameters of the activation process by cAMP. The cumulative
      effects of MgATP and high enzyme concentration are to increase the apparent
      activation constant for cAMP so that in vivo the enzyme would not be highly
      activated under basal conditions but would be greatly stimulated by increases in
      cAMP concentration. As a result, it is not necessary to invoke the concept of
      compartmentalization of cAMP to explain how it could regulate protein kinase
      activity in vivo. Finally, data are presented which indicate that a possible
      function of the heat-stable protein inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinases
      may be to suppress the activity of protein kinase due to basal concentrations of
      cAMP. As such, the inhibitor could indirectly change the amount of cAMP needed to
      allow expression of protein kinase activity.

PMID- 165669
TI  - Molecular structure and characterization of bovine heart protein kinase.

PMID- 165670
TI  - Hormonal regulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - There appear to be two classes of protein kinases in rat heart and adipose
      tissue, types I and II. Type I elutes from DEAE-cellulose at smaller than 0.1 M
      NaCl and type II at greater than 0.1 M NaCl. The type I enzyme is more readily
      dissociated by salt or histone than is the type II enzyme. If the type I kinase
      is first dissociated by cAMP, the subunits reassociate very slowly at 0 degrees C
      on removal of the cAMP by Sephadex G-25 chromatography, whereas those of type II
      reassociate very rapidly. Rat heart contains mostly type I and a small amount of
      type II enzyme, whereas adipose tissue contains almost exclusively the type II
      enzyme. The adipose tissue enzyme resembles the heart type II kinase in all of
      the above properties, although the two enzymes are not identical as indicated by
      slight differences in elution patterns from DEAE-cellulose columns. Incubation of
      rat epididymal adipose tissue with low concentrations of epinephrine (0.11 muM)
      increases glycerol production and the fraction of the protein kinase in the
      active form (activity ratio). The change in cAMP under these conditions is not
      statistically significant. The presence of insulin inhibits the epinephrine
      effect on glycerol production and protein kinase but has no measurable effect on
      cAMP levels. Incubation of adipose tissue with high epinephrine concentrations
      (11 muM) increases the cAMP level, the protein kinase activity ratio, and
      glycerol production. Under these conditions insulin decreases the cAMP level and
      kinase activity ratio but does not reduce glycerol production. The data suggest
      that very small changes in the tissue cAMP level, undetectable by the assay
      method, are magnified during the stepwise activation of glycerol output aided
      possibly by cooperative effects between cAMP and protein kinase. The procedure
      developed for determining the state of activation of the cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase in adipose tissue must be modified by reducing the salt concentration of
      the buffers in order to carry out similar studies in the heart. This reflects the
      different types of protein kinase in the two tissues. The addition of charcoal to
      crude extracts of heart prevents protein kinase activation by added cyclic AMP.
      Charcoal should therefore prevent any activation that could occur if any
      sequestered cAMP were released during homogenization. Charcoal addition thereby
      provides a means to distinguish intracellular cAMP activation of the kinase from
      that which might occur following cell rupture. If epinephrine-perfused hearts are
      homogenized in the presence of charcoal, epinephrine stimulation of the protein
      kinase is only slightly decreased. This indicates that the protein kinase is
      activated intracellularly by cAMP and suggests that all of the cAMP in the cell
      is available to the protein kinase; i.e., cAMP is not released during
      homogenization.

PMID- 165671
TI  - Translocation of cytoplasmic protein kinase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate
      binding protein to intracellular acceptor sites.

PMID- 165672
TI  - Biologic regulation through opposing influences of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP: the
      Yin Yang hypothesis.

PMID- 165673
TI  - Antidiuretic hormone-sensitive kidney adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 165674
TI  - Isolation of cytidine 3',5'-monophosphate from mammalian tissues and body fluids
      and its effects on leukemia L-1210 cell growth in culture.

PMID- 165675
TI  - Regulation of cyclic GMP levels in the ductus deferens of the rat.
AB  - The cyclic GMP level in the ductus deferens is elevated by acetylcholine,
      norepinephrine, KCl, and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor SC-2964. The presence of
      extracellular Ca++ is required for the effects of all of these agents on cyclic
      GMP levels. In addition, Ca++ appears to be an important factor for the basal
      turnover of cyclic GMP in this tissue, but it may be less important in other
      tissues. These observations have led us to the following working hypothesis (Fig.
      5): The interactions of some hormones or neurotransmitters with membrane
      receptors secondarily increase cyclic GMP formation after primarily increasing
      the influx of extracellular Ca++ or changing the distribution of Ca++ among
      intracellular pools or compartments. However, in addition to this possibility,
      other hormonal effects on particulate and/or soluble guanylate cyclase that do
      not involve Ca++ mediation must also be considered. Some agents that are known to
      increase cyclic GMP in tissues have been reported in preliminary communications
      to activate cell-free preparations of guanylate cyclase (Amer and McKINNEY, 1973;
      White, Ignarro, and George, 1973), but these reports have not yet been confirmed
      by other laboratories. Secretin has been reported to stimulate guanylate cyclase
      activity from several tissues (Thompson, Johnson, Lavis, and Williams, 1974), but
      the significance of this report is unclear since secretin has not yet been shown
      to increase cyclic GMP levels in any tissue. Thus, although not convincingly
      established, some hormones may increase particulate guanylate cyclase activity in
      a manner similar to that by which hormones increase adenylate cyclase activity.
      Alternatively, some hormones may increase soluble guanylate cyclase activity with
      mediating factors other than Ca++ being involved, or hormone-receptor interaction
      at the plasma membrane could conceivably induce a dislocation and change in
      effective activity of a reversibly bound, membrane-associated guanylate cyclase.
      Elucidating which or how many of these possibilities are operative will require
      thorough study and understanding of the fundamental behavior and properties of
      soluble and particulate guanylate cyclase activities.

PMID- 165676
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides and cellular calcium metabolism.

PMID- 165677
TI  - Quantitative relations between cyclic AMP and contraction as affected by
      stimulators of adenylate cyclase and inhibitors of phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 165678
TI  - Relationship between cyclic AMP metabolism and inotropic response of perfused rat
      hearts to phenylephrine and other adrenergic amines.
AB  - A positive correlation between inotropic response and increment of cyclic AMP
      levels and labeling (from 14-C-adenine in the perfusate) was found after
      isoprenaline, dopamine, and phenylephrine alone, and after isoprenaline in the
      presence of chlorpromazine. 2. a lack of correlation between contractile activity
      and cyclic AMP levels and labeling was found when the hearts were exposed to
      phenylephrine in the presence of propranolol. The contractile activity increased,
      but the parameters for cyclic AMP did not change. These resuls together with
      findings by other workers indicate that  the inotropic response to beta
      stimulation always is associated with cyclic AMP accumulation, while the
      inotropic response to alpha-stimulation (when present) is not correlated to
      cyclic AMP elevation. Other differences between alpha- and beta-adrenergic
      effects on heart (course of development of the inotropic response, effect of
      theophylline on the response, effects on relaxing processes, action potential,
      and on refractory period) also indicate different mechanisms of action. On the
      basis of the available data we suggest as a conclusion that the inotropic
      response after alpha-adrenergic stimulation does not involve cyclic AMP as a
      mediator whereas beta-adrenergic effects are mediated by cyclic AMP. This means
      that the naturally occurring adrenergic amines norepinephrine and epinephrine,
      both of which are able to stimulate both alpha and beta myocardial receptors
      (twenzel and Su, 1966), elicit the inotropic response through two different
      mechanisms. Usually the beta-adrenergic effect on the heart is the more
      important. The contribution from alpha-stimulation, however, may increase under
      certain conditions: hypothyroidism or proplythiouracil treatment per se
      (Nakashima et al., 1971) or hypothermia (Kunos and Szentivanyi, 1968; Buckley and
      Jordan. 1970; Benfey et al., 1973; Kunos, Yong, and Nickerson, 1973; Nickerson,
      1973). Thus a single physiologic response may be mediated by more than one
      mechanism. Multiple mechanisms of action for one agent might have more general
      biologic significance; e.g., they may serve to maintain the responsiveness of a
      tissue under various conditions.

PMID- 165679
TI  - Implications of cyclic nucleotide oscillations during the myocardial contraction
      cycle.

PMID- 165680
TI  - Control of calcium transport in the myocardium by the cyclic AMP-Protein kinase
      system.
AB  - At least three mechanical changes characterize the response of cardiac muscle to
      agents that enhance cyclic AMP production. In common with other inotropic
      interventions, tension is augmented and the rate of tension rise is increased.
      The third response, acceleration of the rate of relaxation, is characteristic of
      the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. These mechanical effects can be
      attributed to changes in (1) the amount of Ca2+ released during systole, (2) the
      rate of Ca2+ release at the onset of systole, and (3) the rate at which Ca2+ is
      reaccumulated by the sarcoplasmic reticulum at the end of systole. The ability of
      cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases to phosphorylate the cardiac sarcoplasmic
      reticulum in vitro parallels stimulation of both Ca2+ transport and Ca2+
      activated ATPase. The phosphoprotein formed in the presence of cyclic AMP and
      protein kinase has the chemical characteristics of a phosphoester, contains
      mostly phosphoserine, and has an electrophoretic mobility in SDS polyacrylamide
      gels that corresponds to a protein of 22,000 daltons. This 22,000-dalton protein,
      tentatively named phospholamban, thus differs from the acyl phosphooprotein
      formed by the Ca2+-transport ATPase, which as an apparent molecular weight of
      90,000 to 100,000 daltons. Phospholamban has not been found in fast skeletal
      muscle, nor is Ca2+ transport accelerated by cyclic AMP and protein kinase in
      sarcoplasmic reticulum from these muslces which do not respond to beta-adrenergic
      agonists with accelerated relaxation. It thus appears likely that phosphorylation
      of phospholamban correlates both with an increased rate of Ca2+ transport by
      cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum in vitro and accelerated relaxation in the intact
      myocardium. Preliminary findings are consistent with the view that
      phosphorylation of phospholamban may be related to other actions on Ca2+ fluxes
      brought about by agents which activate adenylate cyclase in the myocardium, but
      these interpretations must remain speculative pending more definitive studies.

PMID- 165681
TI  - Cyclic AMP-enhanced protein phosphorylation and calcium binding in a cell
      membrane-enriched fraction from myocardium.

PMID- 165682
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides and the contraction of smooth muscle.

PMID- 165683
TI  - Role of cyclic AMP in the actions of catecholamines on hepatic carbohydrate
      metabolism.
AB  - Studies using perfused rat liver and isolated liver parenchymal cells show that
      low concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine can activate
      glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis by a mechanism mediated by alpha-adrenergic
      receptors and not involving accumulation of cAMP. The glycogenolytic and
      gluconeogenic activites of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine are
      inhibited by the alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists phentolamine and
      dihydroergotamine, but are negligibly affected by the beta-adrenergic receptor
      antagonist propranolol. Epinephrine, norephinephrine, and the beta-adrenergic
      receptor agonists isoproterenol, soterenol, and salbutamol increase cAMP
      accumulation; and this effect is antagonized by propranolol. Isoproterenol,
      soterenol, and salbutamol activate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, but are
      less effective than epinephrine or norepinephrine. The data  are interpreted as
      indicating the existence of both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in rat
      liver. Activation of the alpha-adrenergic mechanism appears to be more important
      than the beta-adrenergic receptor-cAMP system in the physiologic effects of
      epinephrine and norepinephrine on carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver.

PMID- 165684
TI  - Glucagon and adenylate cyclase: binding studies and requirements for activation.
AB  - Solubilization of myocardial adenylate cyclase abolished responsiveness to
      glucagon and catecholamines, two of the hormones which activate the membrane
      bound enzyme. Adenylate cyclase freed of detergent by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography continues to remain unresponsive to hormone stimulation. However,
      adding purified bovine brain phospholipids--phosphotidylserine and
      monophosphatidylinositol--restored responsiveness to glucagon and catecholamines,
      respectively. 125-i-glucagon binding appeared to be independent of phospholipid,
      since equal binding was observed in the presence or absence of detergent and in
      the presence or absence of phospholipids. Chromatography of the solubilized
      preparation on Sephadex G-100 WAS CHARACTERIZED BY 125-I-glucagon binding and
      fluoride-stimulatable adenylate cyclase activity appearing in the fractions
      consistent with the void volume, suggesting a molecular weight greater than
      100,000 for the receptor-adenylate cyclase complex. Prior incubation of the
      binding peak with 125-I-glucagon and rechromatography of the bound glucagon on
      Sephadex G-100 shifted its elution to a later fraction consistent with a smaller
      molecular-weight peak. The molecular weight of this material was 24,000 to
      28,000, as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The latter
      findings are consistent with a dissociable receptor site for glucagon on
      myocardial adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 165685
TI  - cAMP-mediated feedback regulation in target cells.

PMID- 165687
TI  - Adenosine release from fat cells: effect on cyclic AMP levels and hormone
      actions.

PMID- 165686
TI  - Hormonal regulation of lipase, phosphorylase, and glycogen synthase in adipose
      tissue.

PMID- 165688
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides, protein phosphorylation, and neuronal function.

PMID- 165689
TI  - Cyclic nucleotdides in the central synaptic actions of catecholamines.

PMID- 165691
TI  - Cyclic AMP in retina and caudate nucleus: influence of dopamine and other agents.

PMID- 165690
TI  - Regulation of cyclic AMP content in normal and malignant brain cells.
AB  - Pharmacologic characterization of the neurotransmitter-sensitive cyclic AMP
      second messenger systems of brain has proven to be a complex and difficult
      endeavor. At least two types of receptor appear to be involved in the mediation
      of the effects of NE on cyclic AMP content. One of these receptor systems appears
      to mediate the potentiation by NE of the effect of adenosine of cyclic AMP
      accumulation. The cellular heterogeneity of brain has retarded the determination
      of the mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction of catecholamines and
      adenosine. An attempt to use clonal cell lines to examine the action of NE and
      adenosine on cyclic AMP content has resulted in the demonstration that adenosine
      acts in a hormone-like fashion to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity. However,
      the studies did not shed light on the mechanism of synergism. An increasing 
      number of reports are appearing which support the idea that the responsiveness of
      cells to neuronally released NE may involve adaptive changes in the
      responsiveness of the cyclic AMP-second messenger system which compensate for
      chronic over- or underproduction of the first messenger, NE. Evidence was
      presented that such a regulatory process may be operative in rat cerebral cortex.
      Our studies of catecholamine-induced loss of responsiveness in human astrocytoma
      cells have led us to the conclusion that the loss in the capacity of the cells to
      accumulate cyclic AMP is a result of a loss in the capacity to synthesize cyclic
      AMP. However, it is probable that different cells make use of different
      mechanisms (e.g., changes in phosphodiesterase activity) to regulate their
      ability to respond to hormones or neurotransmitters. The physiologic importance
      of this level of regulation of responsiveness to hormones is not known at this
      time.

PMID- 165692
TI  - Adenylate cyclase activity in Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 165693
TI  - Altered adenylate cyclase activity: its role in growth regulation and malignant
      transformation of fibroblasts.

PMID- 165694
TI  - Hormonal control of cyclic AMP metabolism in parental and hybrid somatic cells.

PMID- 165695
TI  - Role of cyclic nucleotides and calcium in the positive control of cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 165696
TI  - Imbalanced cyclic AMP-cyclic GMP levels in psoriasis.

PMID- 165698
TI  - Role of cyclic AMP in the action of hypothalamic regulatory hormones.

PMID- 165697
TI  - Genetic analysis of cyclic AMP in a mammalian cell.

PMID- 165700
TI  - Getting it all together: coordinator for continuing care.

PMID- 165699
TI  - Hormone receptors - their function in cell membranes and some problems related to
      methodology.

PMID- 165701
TI  - Development of the implantation chamber in the pregnant bitch.
AB  - Uteri taken from 25 bitches at various times during the early stages of pregnancy
      were studies cytologically to determine how the implantation chamber developed
      and how fetal-maternal relations were established. On day 13 after the end of
      estrus, knobs of trophoblastic syncytium formed and became wedged between cells
      of the uterine luminal epithelium. The syncytium quickly spread along the uterine
      lumen and into the mouths of the glands, dislodging and surrounding maternal
      cells. As invasion continued trophoblastic villi, consisting of cores of
      cytotrophoblast covered by a continuous layer of syncytium, penetrated deeper
      into the endometrium. The syncytium spread to surround maternal vessels and
      decidual cells. By day 26 the trophoblast had extended down to the large lacunae.
      Here syncytial trophoblast covering tips of the villi degenerated, leaving
      cytotrophoblast exposed to the necrotic zone. These cells possessed
      characteristics of absorbing cells. Hematomas were formed by focal necrosis of
      fetal and endometrial tissue at the poles of the implantation sites. Large pools
      of extravasated blood accumulated and red blood cells were phagocytized by
      surrounding trophoblastic cells. Therefore, the endotheliochorial relationship in
      the canine placenta appeared to be established by syncytial trophoblast invading
      a cellular endometrium. In the necrotic zone and hematomas, cellular trophoblast
      may have lost its syncytial covering, but elsewhere maternal vessels and decidual
      cells in the placenta were in direct contact only with syncytial trophoblast.

PMID- 165702
TI  - Light and electron microscopic studies of postcapillary venules in developing
      human fetal lymph nodes.
AB  - Developing lymph nodes from 30 human fetuses with crownrump lengths (CRL) of 38
      mm (8.7 wk) to 245 mm (26 wk) were studied by light and electron microscopy.
      Blood vessels that appear to be postcapillary venules (PCV) are present in nodes
      of 47 mm CRL and older fetuses. These venules first appear in nodes whehn the
      nodal population of lymphocytes is sparse. In these early nodes PCV are
      distributed randomly and consist of a low endothelium, underlying basal lamina
      and incomplete pericyte sheath. Early nodal PCV are distinguised from other nodal
      blood vessels by the presence of lymphocyte diapedesis and several luminal
      lymphocytes. In the late stages of nodal development PCV are the more common non
      capillary blood vessel and appear in the parenchyma near the periphery of the
      node. Late nodal PCV are generally characterized by a cuboidal endothelium that
      is rich in Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and Weibel-Palade bodies. The lumen and
      wall of late nodal PCV contain lymphocytes. The relationship between the
      development of the parenchyma of fetal nodes and the appearance and activity of
      PCV, the passage of lymphocytes through the PCV wall and the fine structure of
      developing PCV are described. It is suggested that the lymphocytes that first
      appear in developing nodes, and the majority of the lymphocytes found in late
      nodes, migrate to the node via the blood vascular system and enter the nodal
      parenchyma by passing across PCV endothelium.

PMID- 165703
TI  - Quantification of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in
      hypercholesterolemic subjects receiving ascorbic acid supplements.
AB  - In order to assess the possible effects of ascorbic acid on plasma cholesterol
      and triglyceride levels and plasma lipoprotein composition, nine
      hypercholesterolemic subjects were treated with oral ascorbic acid (4 g/day) for
      2 months. The data demonstrate: 1) no significant change in plasma cholesterol or
      triglyceride levels; 2) no significant change in the cholesterol or triglyceride
      concentrations of the major lipoprotein classes; and 3) the unexpected appearance
      of extra pre-beta bands on lipoprotein electrophoresis by the end of the ascorbic
      acid treatment period.

PMID- 165704
TI  - Diet and intestinal enzyme adaptation: implications for gastrointestinal
      disorders.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that the human intestinal enzymes of
      carbohydrate digestion and metabolism can be regulated by dietary sugars. These
      studies have utilized direct assay of intestinal mucosal enzyme activity. Mucosa
      has been obtained by the use of peroral jejunal biopsy techniques which provide
      10-15 mg of mucosa in a safe, simple and reproducible manner. Dietary sucrose, as
      compared to dietary glucose, increases the activities of the jejunal
      disaccharidases, sucrase and maltase, but not lactase. Fructose reproduces the
      sucrose effect and appears to be the active principle in the sucrose molecule.
      Lactose deprivation or lactose feeding does not alter lactase activity. Fructose
      has been useful in treating one patient with sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.
      Jejunal glycolytic enzyme activities are also regulated by dietary sugars.
      Certain enzymes are highest with specific dietary carbohydrates, lower with other
      sugars and lowest on a carbohydrate-free diet. The regulation of human jejunal
      glycolytic enzyme activity takes place in hours, whereas the change in
      disaccharidase activity occurs in 2-5 days. The mechanism of this regulation is
      not known. Additional investigations have shown that jejunal glycolytic enzyme
      activities but not the disaccharidases are controlled by oral folic acid as well.
      This effect occurs within 1 day also. The mechanism is unknown. Large doses of
      folate have been of benefit in a few patients with certain glycolytic enzyme
      deficiency states. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that selected patients
      with chronic undiagnosed intestinal disorders fail to manifest an adaptive
      response of their jejunal glycolytic enzyme activities to dietary sugars. This
      condition has been termed a "maladaptation syndrome.".

PMID- 165706
TI  - The role of cyclic AMP in malignant transformation.

PMID- 165705
TI  - Cell membrane receptors for polypeptide hormones. Application to the study of
      disease states in mice, and men.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested that the first step in the action of polypeptide
      hormones and catecholamines is binding to surface membrane receptor sites. This
      interaction can be studied directly using radioactively labeled hormones and a
      variety of receptor preparations. With these radioreceptor assay technics, it has
      been possible to define structure-activity relationships and to assay plasma
      hormones. These studies have also been used to define alterations in the hormone
      receptors in disease that lead to peripheral resistance to hormonal action and to
      characterize the factors that regulate receptor concentrations.

PMID- 165707
TI  - Comparisons of major cell-surface proteins of normal and transformed cells.
AB  - Transformation of the chick fibroblast surface has been studied in cells infected
      with Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus and the temperature-sensitive mutant of
      this virus, TS-68. Major findings following transformation induced by a shift
      from nonpermissive (41 C.) to permissive (36 C.) temperature in TS-68 infected
      cells were: (1) rapid cessation or slowing of the synthesis of a protein, M.W.
      100-200,000, localization uncertain; (2) cessation or slowing of the synthesis of
      a plasma membrane protein, M.W. 45,000, within 2-4 hours; (3) cessation or
      slowing of the synthesis of a large trypsin- and collagenase- sensitive protein
      (M.W. greater than 200,000) only after an extended period of morphologic
      transformation. In addition, increased quantities of type-specific viral antigen
      in the membranes of infected cells were observed in TS-68-infected cells at 41
      compared with 36 C.

PMID- 165708
TI  - Dynamic changes on the surfaces of normal and transformed cells and their
      relationship to the entry of pharmacology active proteins.

PMID- 165709
TI  - Composition of membranes of cells transformed by tumorigenic DNA and RNA viruses.
AB  - Continuous cell lines obtained from mouse and hamster embryonic tissue and human
      lung contain a homologous series of acidic glycolipids known as gangliosides.
      These complex lipids are highly concentrated in plasma cell membranes. The
      ganglioside pattern becomes greatly simplified when cells are transformed by
      tumorigenic DNA and RNA viruses. Non-transforming viruses and lytic infection of
      cells by tumorigenic viruses without neoplastic tranformation do not cause
      changes in gangliosides. The alterations of ganglioside composition are the
      result of specific blocks in the biosynthesis of these lipids. The significance
      of these impairments of membrane glycolipid formation and the nature of the
      regulatory site(s) involved are considered with regard to the altered social
      behavior of transformed cells.

PMID- 165710
TI  - Multilamellar cytosomes in a particular form of late-infantile amaurotic idiocy.
AB  - There is a particular form of late-infantile amaurotic idiocy in which no clear
      chemical-pathological or unique enzyme abnormalities have been identified to
      date. A distinctive morphological feature has been recognized on electron
      microscopical examination of tissues from these patients, which has been
      descriptively labeled with various terms, including "multilamellar cytosomes"
      (MLC). Illustrations of MLC in a patient with this late-infantile form of
      cerebroretinal degeneration show their reactivity with the periodic acid-silver
      methenamine reaction for glycoproteins. The MLC are shown to be morphologically
      identical in cerebral tissue obtained at biopsy, in the same tissue obtained
      three years later at autopsy, and in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 165711
TI  - Routes of fetal infection and mechanisms of fetal damage.

PMID- 165712
TI  - Fetal malnutrition and postnatal immunocompetence.

PMID- 165713
TI  - Diagnosis of chronic perinatal infections.

PMID- 165714
TI  - Effects of gastrointestinal hormones on vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - The effects of the gastrointestinal hormones secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)
      were investigated on rat portal-vein mechanical activity. Doses of 0.03-0.60
      units/ml Boots secretin; 0.18-0.60 units/ml pure, natural secretin; and 0.12-0.60
      units/ml CCK elicited dose-dependent decreases in amplitude and simultaneous
      increases in frequency of spontaneous contractions that were unaffected by alpha
      or beta-adrenergic or cholinergic blocdade. These effects were mimicked by
      isoproterenol, theophylline, and cyclic AMP, and all agents tested were also
      effective in reducing K-or norepinephrine-induced tension. Additionally,
      subthreshold doses of CCK and secretin elicited responses when given in
      combination, and the effects of the hormomes at all doses were potentiated by
      theophyline, indicating an interaction berween these hormones on rat portal vein
      thatmay involve cyclic AMP. It is suggested that part of the mechanism of hormone
      induced mesenteric vasodilatation may involve a direct relaxing effect of the
      hormones on vascularsmooth muscle.

PMID- 165715
TI  - Cholagiocarcinoma in a patient previously given thorotrast.
AB  - The long-term effects of thorotrast administration include local granulomas,
      blood cell abnormalities, and cancer. To date, more than 100 cases of liver
      cancer have been reported in patients previously given this radioactive contrast
      material, with a latency period of approximately 22 years. We report such a case;
      the patient not only had a thorotrast-induced cholangiocarcinoma, but also showed
      striking morphologic changes in the red blood cells secondary to splenic
      dysfunction.

PMID- 165716
TI  - Crohn's disease of the colon. III. Toxic dilatation of the colon in Crohn's
      colitis.
AB  - In a group of 160 patients with Crohn's disease involving the colon, there were
      seven patients with toxic dilatation, four with granulomatous colitis and three
      with ileocolitis, all successfully treated without mortality. This complications
      is more common than previously recognized in Crohn's colitis. In Crohn's disease,
      toxic dilatation is less likely to proceed to perforation of the bowel, because
      of the nature of the pathology and is more likely to respond to conservative
      measures: intubation, with decompression, corticotropin, steroids and  high-dose
      antibiotic administration. Although patients do recover from this life
      threatening complication with conservative management, the majority of patients,
      if not all, will ultimately come to surgical excision of the colon. If surgery is
      mandatory, it should be carried out early, rather than late, in the patient who
      is failing to respond to medical therapy, certainly before the development of
      perforation, massive hemorrhage, or gram negative sepsis with shock. The surgical
      therapy will depend upon the state of the bowel at laparotomy. Thus, an intact
      bowel in a young patient, would favor subtotal colectomy or proctocolectomy; a
      sealed perforation, a diverting ileostomy with skin level colostomy decompression
      as suggested by Turnbull and a free perforation, the minimum adequate procedure
      which will tide the patient over the early postoperative period. Diverting
      ileostomy alone has been effective in two of our patients but should be avoided
      in ulcerative colitis. The critically ill patient with the ominous finding of
      "disintegrating colitis" and multiple leaks, will require nothing less than total
      radical excision of the diseased bowel in the hope of immediate salvage.

PMID- 165717
TI  - Experimental odditis and cholelithiasis in the dog. Role of the autonomic nervous
      system.

PMID- 165718
TI  - The sudden infant death syndrome and epidemic viral disease.
AB  - A study was done to investigate the relationship between the sudden infant death
      syndrome (SIDS) and epidemic respiratory viral disease among hospitalized
      children under 18 months of age. During the 42 month-period of this study, there
      were 778 sudden infant deaths in Chicago and 3244 hospital admissions of children
      under 18 months for respiratory disease. Four outbreaks of respiratory syncytial
      (RS) virus infections, three outbreaks of influenza A virus infections, and
      several small clusters of parainfluenza virus infections occurred during the
      course of this study. Influenza A was the only virus infection found to have a
      statistically significant association with SIDS. Although environmental
      temperature was also significantly correlated with SIDS, the association with
      influenza A virus infection was independent of this temperature effect and
      neither association was strong.

PMID- 165719
TI  - Serologic characterization and sero-epidemiologic studies on acute hemorrhagic
      conjunctivitis (AHC) virus.
AB  - Serologic and sero-epidemiologic characteristics of AHC virus infection were
      studied by neutralization test (NT). Four-fold or greater virus neutralizing (VN)
      antibody response was demonstrated to the Japanese isolate of AHC virus (the J
      670/71 strain) in 77.3% and 66.7% of paired sera from clinical AHC patients in
      Japan (1971-1973) and Tunisia (1973). The four patients from Indonesia studied in
      1972 showed similar antibody response. Cross-neutralization tests of AHC virus
      isolated in Japan (1971), Taiwan (1971), Hong Kong (1971), Thailand (1972),
      Indonesia (1972), Singapore (1972), Morocco (1971) and England (1971) with three
      kinds of antisera prepared against Japanese, Hong Kong and Moroccan AHC virus
      isolates indicated their antigenic identity. However, isolates from Sinapore in
      1970 (Singapore 70 virus) were not neutralized with the AHC virus antisera
      mentioned above: Singapore 70 virus constitutes another antigenic type, to which,
      however, no VN antibody rise was found in paired patients' sera from Japan,
      Tunisia and Indonesia. Thus, no serologic evidence supporting an etiologic role
      of this virus group in the development of AHC was found. Although cross-tests
      using monospecific antisera suggested some cross-relation between AHC and both
      echovirus type 4 (E4) and coxsackie A (CA), type 19, no serologic relationship
      between AHC and these viruses was found. Sera from healthy individuals collected
      before and after AHC outbreaks were tested for VN antibody against AHC virus in
      Japan and two epidemic foci, Ghana and Indonesia. Before the epidemic, 80 to 90%
      of the people lacked antibody in the three countries, but 39.7% and 45.2% of
      inhabitants posessed VN antibody of 1:8 or over in Ghana and Indonesia after the
      outbreak. In Japan, however, only a slight increase was found in VN antibody
      prevalence afterwards. Serologic study showed that 41.5% of horse sera were VN
      positive at dilutions of 1:8 or more; many cattle sera also had a low VN titer
      but few cynomologus monkey sera had VN activity.

PMID- 165720
TI  - Serologic profile of children in a Mexican highland community: prevalence of
      complement-fixing antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial
      virus and parainfluenza viruses.
AB  - The study investigated the prevalence of antibodies to five leading agents of
      childhood respiratory disease in the county of Huixquilucan, Mexico. Tests of
      sera from a random sample of children between 3 months and 18 years of age
      confirmed serologically the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory
      syncytial (RS) virus and parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 viruses in this relatively
      isolated highland community. Highest overall antibody frequency of 64.2% was seen
      for parainfluenza 3, and antibody to this virus was acquired early in life.
      Antibody to M. pneumoniae was least prevalent among children surveyed; this rate
      was 15.5% overall. This was only slightly below the prevalence rates for
      antibodies to RS virus and parainfluenza 1 and 2 viruses, which had intermediate
      frequency rates of 23%, 32%, and 22.9%, respectively. The relatively low
      prevalence of antibody to RS virus was unexpected. Differences in prevalence
      rates in regard to location of residence or family size were insignificant.
      Statistically significant differences in age-specific antibody prevalence rates
      in respect to sex were noted only for the 5- to 9-year-old group to M. pneumoniae
      and to parainfluenza 3.

PMID- 165721
TI  - Progress in hepatitis research.
AB  - A brief account of recent developments and current nomenclature regarding the
      viral agents of hepatitis A and B is presented.

PMID- 165723
TI  - Physiologic significance of 17beta-estradiol binding in the rabbit Fallopian
      tube.
AB  - Rabbit Fallopian tube contractility was recorded in vitro during perfusion with
      either Locke's solution or that solution containing CN-55, 945-27 (CN; or CI
      628), a nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist (Endocrinology 79: 153, 1966).
      Contractility was inhibited and 17beta-estradiol (E2) displaced from both its
      cytoplasmic (8S) and nuclear (4S) receptors in the presence of the above agent.
      These effects result from a direct interaction between CN and the E2-receptor
      complexes. Two types of evidence show the specificity of the foregoing responses:
      (1) nonspecific binding of E2 to serum proteins was unaffected by the antagonist
      and (2) CN had no effect on contractility of a nontarget tissue, i.e., rabbit
      ileum. In addition, Fallopian tube contractions induced by strong electrical
      stimulation of K-depolarized tissues (i.e., in the absence of normal ionic
      gradients) were inhibited by CN and a decrease in the binding capacities of 8S
      and 4S receptors was again observed. Thus, antagonism of specific E2 binding
      inhibits the contractile mechanism at a level other than the cell membrane. These
      observations, and additional findings concerning the reversibility of CN action,
      indicate that E2 binding is essential for contractility of the rabbit Fallopian
      tube.

PMID- 165722
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis preceding acute myelomonocytic leukemia.
AB  - The patient discussed in this report had acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML)
      associated with infectious mononucleosis. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) in
      association with acute leukemia (AL) has provided clinical investigators an
      active area of speculation for several years. Nineteen cases are presented for
      review in Table 1. The present case represents the second case of AMML to be
      associated with IM. It is the first case of a granulocytic leukemia reported in
      which active IM is occurring simultaneously with the onset of AL. Also, it
      represents the first case of associated IM-AL in which the diagnosis of IM is
      supported by lymphocyte culture data. This may represent a mechanism for
      additional investigation in future cases.

PMID- 165724
TI  - Intracellular Treponema pallidum in cells of a syphilitic lesion of the uterine
      cervix.
AB  - In an electron microscopic study of biopsy tissue from an ulcer of the human
      cervix uteri, organisms morphologically identical to T. pallidum were observed.
      Large numbers of the organisms were seen lying among collagen fibrils and between
      cells. T. pallidum was seen within vacuoles of some fibroblasts and epithelial
      cells. Within the nucleoplasm of several cells, treponemes were observed,
      surrounded by a clear zone which might represent a mucopolysaccharide outer
      layer. The siameter of the organisms was 171 nm., and the diameter of the
      external axial filaments was 25 nm., dimensions similar to those reported by
      others for T. pallidum.

PMID- 165725
TI  - Skeletal muscle respiratory capacity, endurance, and glycogen utilization.
AB  - This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between physical
      performance capacity and the mitochondrial content of skeletal muscle. Four
      groups of rats were trained by means of treadmill running 5 days/wk for 13 wk.
      One group ran 10 min/day, a second group ran 30 min/day, a third group ran 60
      min/day, and a fourth group ran 120 min/day. The magnitude of the exercise
      induced adaptive increase in gastrocnemius muscle respiratory capacity varied
      over a twofold range in the four groups. There were significant correlations
      between the levels of three mitochondrial markers (cytochrome c, citrate
      synthase, respiratory capacity) in the animals' gastrocnemius muscles and the
      duration of a run to exhaustion. There was also a significant correlation between
      the amounts of glycogen remaining in liver and skeletal muscle after a 30-min
      long exercise test and the respiratory capacity of the animal's leg muscles.
      These findings are compatible with the interpretation that a close relationshiop
      exists between skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and the capacity to perform
      endurance exercise.

PMID- 165726
TI  - Hypothalamic cells in an area mediating ACTH release respond to right atrial
      stretch.
AB  - The right atrium has been shown to mediate release of ACTH in response to small
      hemorrhage. Therefore, we sought to identify hypothalamic neurons (cat, alpha
      choloralose 35-45 mg/kg) wholse firing rates were modulated by stretch of the
      right atrial-vena caval junction. Stretch was produced by intermittent inflation
      of a balloon implanted between the pericardium and the right atrium. In some
      cases, carotid arteries were occluded bilaterally. Previous results indicate that
      electrical stimulation of the medial-dorsal hypothalamus (MDH) causes prompt
      changes in ACTH, but stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus does not cause
      changes. Of 64 cells recorded in the MDH, 41 responded to atrial stretch.
      However, only 2 of 18 cells outside this region responded. Six cells were studied
      with and without carotid occlusion. Their response was dimished or absent in the
      absence of carotid occlusion. The results suggest that integration of afferent
      signals from cardiovascular receptors occurs in the MDH and that the MDH may
      participate in neural mediation of ACTH in response to hemodynamic changes.

PMID- 165727
TI  - Regulation of liver diphosphofructose phosphatase of the rat and hamster.
AB  - The regulatory properties of D-fructose-1, 6-diphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase
      (FDPase, EC 3.1.3.11) derived from livers of the albino rat and the golden Syrian
      hamster have been studies. The comparative analysis of the kinetics of saturation
      by fructose-1, l-diphosphate (FDP) and inhibition by FDP and by the allosteric
      ligand adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) revealed differences that may have
      physiological implications. The inhibition studies pointed out that liver
      phosphatase is under a significantly less stringent regulation in the hibernating
      rodent. The concentration of AMP required to produce a 50 percent inhibition was
      549.5 muM at 37 degrees C, 21.4 muM at 10 degrees C, and 9.2 muM at 5 percent C
      for the rat; 1,122 muM at 37 degrees C, 34.3 muM at 10 degrees C, and 20.4 muM at
      5 degrees C for the hamster. Urea (0.67 M) simulates the effect of low
      temperature, potentiating the AMP inhibition. At 5 degrees C and 4 M urea, 75
      percent loss of activity was found for the rat FDPase in contrast to a 25 percent
      loss for the hamster. At 37 degrees C, 4 M urea had practically no effect on the
      FDPase of both species.

PMID- 165728
TI  - Afferent aortic nerve fibers with their pathways in cardiac sympathetic nerves.
AB  - The effect of mechanical and chemical stimulation on activity of afferent aortic
      nerve fibers with pathways in the cardiac sympathetic nerves has been examined.
      Action potentials were derived from the second or third thoracic communicating
      ramus of the left side of anesthetized dogs. Thirty myelinated and 19
      unmyelinated fibers responded to tapping the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and
      descending aorta. Both groups of fibers also responded to a rise as well as to a
      fall in aortic pressure. Spontaneous discharge of myelinated fibers was related
      to aortic pressure pulse whereas that of unmyelinated fibers was related to
      respiration. Asphyxia caused excitation of unmyelinated fibers but not of
      myelinated fibers. Both groups of fibers responded to topical application of
      lactic acid. Mechanical and chemical stimulation of the aorta after vagotomy
      caused a rise in systemic blood pressure and extension of the limbs. The results
      indicate the existence of afferent aortic fibers in the cardiac sympathetic
      nerves that cause circulatory and somatic responses.

PMID- 165729
TI  - Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and depolarization in neurons.
AB  - Activity of frog dorsal root ganglion neurons, evoked by dorsal root stimulation
      under aerobic conditions, produced a change in the level of reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide (NADH) on the surface of this tissue. There was a decrease
      of NADH (oxidation), followed by an increase of NADH (reduction). Both changes
      were dependent on previous activity, and a critical time is required in order to
      observe a similar response. At the frequency and duration of stimulation used
      here, each stimulus evoked neuron depolarization as shown by recording from
      single cells. The NADH oxidation occurred in the respiratory chain and it was
      selectively blocked by Amytal. The NAD reduction was attributed to 3
      phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase activity and it was blocked by iodoacetate.
      The NADH oxidation and NAD reduction were attributed to respiratory chain
      activity and aerobic glycolysis, both activated and deactivated by changes of
      phosphate potential (ATP/ADP + Pi). A low phosphate potential activates the
      respiratory chain and glycolysis; a high phosphate potential deactivates the
      respiratory chain and glycolysis.

PMID- 165730
TI  - Effects of thyroid hormone administration on skeletal muscle mitochondria.
AB  - The effects of thyroid hormone administration on the levels of a number of
      mitochondrial markers were measured in skeletal muscle and liver of normal rats.
      Injection of 18 mug of L-thyroxine (T4) per 100 g body wt every 4th day for 3 wk
      had no effect on the concentrations of cytochrome c, on citrate synthase
      activity, or on respiratory capacity of skeletal muscle. Injection of 200 mug of
      L-triiodothyronine (T3) daily for 5 days, or feeding 23 mg T4 and 7 mg T3/kg of
      diet for 2 wk, resulted in thyrotoxicosis and large increases in the activity of
      hepatic alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and other mitochondrial markers;
      however, the levels of activity of mitochondrial marker enzymes in gastrocnemius
      and quadriceps muscles were not significantly changed. Only when rats were fed 3
      mg T4 and 1 mg T3/kg diet for a 6-wk period did we observe an increase in
      skeletal muscle mitochondrial markers. Thus, thyroxine treatment must be
      sufficiently prolonged if it is to be used as a tool for studying skeletal muscle
      mitochondrial biogenesis.

PMID- 165732
TI  - Transport of Na, Cl, and water by the rabbit corneal epithelium at resting
      potential.
AB  - Theophylline (1 mM) produced a net transport of Na and Cl from aqueous humor to
      tears (.02-.04 mumol/cm2 h) in the isolated rabbit cornea denuded of endothlium
      and in the presence of normal resting potential (25-35 mV). The active transport
      of Na (tears to aqueous) and of Cl (aqueous to tears), estimated with the Goldman
      constant-field equations, was confirmed. A 10 degrees C rise in temperature
      produced changes close to those predicted for passive processes in both
      unidirectional fluxes of Na and in the tears-to-aqueous flux of Cl, but not for
      the aqueous-to-tears flux of Cl. Theophylline treatment doubled Cl permeability
      but did not significantly affect Na or urea permeability, suggestingspecificity
      of affect. In separate experiments it was shown that stromal thinning occurred in
      previously swollen corneas when the endothelium was blocked by silicone oil and
      the epithelium was treated with theophylline. These findings provide further
      support for the argument that the mammalian epithelium could have an active role
      in the regulation of corneal thickness in situ.

PMID- 165731
TI  - Arterial water, cations, and norepinephrine in early and late renovascular
      hypertension.
AB  - In dogs made hypertensive renal artery stenosis and contralateral nephrectomy,
      the arterial and myocardial tissue content of water, cations (sodium, potassium,
      magnesium, calcium), and norepinephrine was measured 20 and 60 days after the
      operation. Hypertensive animals autopsied at the earlier stage of hypertension
      had significantly lower (-25 to-50%, P smaller than 0.01) arterial norepinephrine
      than either the sham or nonhypertensive animals. The water and cation content of
      arteries was unchanged, but aortic tissue contained significantly more water,
      sodium, potassium, and magnesium than the nonhypertensives. Hypertensives
      autopsied at 60 days also had lower arterial norepinephrine content than sham and
      nonhypertensive animals, but this refuction was not significant. Their arterial
      and aortic tissue contained more water and cations than the nonhypertensive,
      sham, unoperated, and unilaterally nephrectomized dogs. It is suggested that in
      the initial stage of renovascular hypertension the arterial norepinephrine
      content is reduced significantly, whereas at a later stage the arterial water and
      cations may be involved in the maintenance of an elevated blood pressure.

PMID- 165734
TI  - Effect of amino acid meals on hepatic alpha-aminoisobutyrate transport and cyclic
      AMP.
AB  - Within 1.5 h after force-feeding rats one meal of enzymatic hydrolysates of
      casein, gelatin, lactalbumin, or yeast, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB)
      transport in liver slices was stimulated two- to threefold. A complete amino acid
      mixture also increased AIB transport. Of the 15 amino acids or derivatives tested
      individually, the dispensable amino acids, especially glycine and alanine, were
      more stimulatory than the essential amino acids; feeding a mixture of amino acids
      lacking glycine and alanine increased AIB uptake only slightly. The effects were
      significantly greater in meal-fed than in ad libitum-fed rats. Increased hepatic
      concentrations of cyclic AM were usually associated with the increase in AIB
      transport. Feeding glucose inhibited the increases in transport and cyclic AMP
      concentration induced by casein hydrolysate or in the stimulation of AIB
      transport by dietary amino acids. The increases in AIB uptake appeared unrelated
      to the exchange of endogenous amino acids with medium AIB.

PMID- 165733
TI  - Mechanism of cholecystokinin inhibition of lower esophageal sphincter pressure.
AB  - The purpose of this study were 1) to quantify the lower esophageal sphincter
      (LES) response to intravenous cholecystokinin (CCK) in both man and the opossum
      in vivo, 2) to characterize the interaction of CCK and gastrin on circular muscle
      of the LES, and 3) to determine the site of action of CCK on LES muscle. In both
      man and the opossum LES pressure was decreased significantly by either constant
      intravenous infusion or bolus injection of CCK. In vitro dose-response curves to
      gastrin I, CCK, and the octapeptide of CCK (OP) demonstrated that both CCK and OP
      were partial agonists on the LES muscle. Both CCK and OP contract LES muscle at
      lower threshold doses, but give smaller maximum responses than gastrin I. The
      maximum response of LES muscle to CCK was antagonized only by atropine and
      tetrodotoxin, but not by other antagonists, suggesting that CCK contracts LES
      muscle by acetylcholine release. In vitro studies on LES muscle showed that CCK
      selectively antagonized the effect of gastrin I, but not other agonists. These
      studied suggest that CCK reduces LES pressure in vivo by inhibition of the
      endogenous gastrin effect.

PMID- 165735
TI  - Granular cell myoblastoma of the cystic duct. A case associated with hydrops of
      the gallbladder.
AB  - The first known case of true hydrops of the gallbladder that resulted from
      granular cell myoblastoma is reported. Granular cell tumors are benign
      multicentric tumors that should be treated by total excision so that free margins
      are assured. These tumors are rarely found in the biliary tract; however, they
      may cause complications of biliary tract obstruction.

PMID- 165736
TI  - Alopecia, ascites, and incomplete regeneration after 85 to 90 per cent liver
      resection.
AB  - A nineteen year old female underwent 85 to 90 per cent partial hepatectomy to
      treat a minimal deviation hepatoma. Observations afterwards suggested that the
      limit of resection compatible with survival had been reached. She recovered
      perfect health after many months, although liver regeneration was not complete.
      Severe but eventually reversible alopecia and ascites developed postoperatively,
      undoubtedly as a complication of the massive hepatic resection.

PMID- 165737
TI  - Intraoperative physiologic monitoring and management during hepatic lobectomy
      using the liver isolation-perfusion technic.
AB  - The high operative mortality of major hepatic resection for tumor can be improved
      by a technic of resection using complete vascular isolation and hypothermic
      perfusion of the liver. Complete clamping of the portal vein, vena cava, and
      hepatic artery was necessary and well tolerated. Major physiologic, biochemical,
      and coagulation changes, however, can occur with this technic that requires close
      monitoring by the anesthesiologist. With astute observation and prompt corrective
      measures when indicated, these changes can be minimized to enable a safe and
      smooth resection to be carried out.

PMID- 165738
TI  - Thyrolymphography.
AB  - The present investigation shows that the capacity of thyrolymphography for
      demonstrating the morphologic features of various thyroid lesions is not inferior
      to that of isotope scanning. On the contrary, lymphography is an effective
      procedure for detecting small nodules that remain undetected by other methods.
      Contrast medium is more rapidly distributed to lymph nodes in patients with
      diffuse goiter and also in patients pretreated with Lugol's solution. Finally, it
      is shown that the contrast medium employed (Lipiodol Ultra Fluid) remains in the
      lymph nodes for a period of several months.

PMID- 165739
TI  - Total pancreatectomy with primary mesenteric vascular reconstruction.
AB  - Total pancreaticoduodenectomy with resection of the superior mesenteric artery
      and vein was performed in a sixty-two year old man with islet cell carcinoma of
      the pancreas. Arterial reconstruction was accomplished with an aortomesenteric
      interposition Dacron graft. The venous system was reanastomosed primarily, the
      infrapancreatic superior mesenteric vein to the portal vein in the hepatic hilum.
      This procedure, although it did not result in long-term survival, demonstrates
      the technical feasibility of wide regional resection for tumors of the pancreas
      impinging upon the mesenteric vasculature in the region of the neck and uncinate
      process.

PMID- 165740
TI  - Parotid gland tumors. Clinicopathologic study.
AB  - The clinical findings and histologic features of 154 parotid gland tumors treated
      at the Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada, from 1957 to 1970 were reviewed.
      The study illustrates a wide variation in the natural history and degree of
      malignancy of parotid tumors. Approximately 80 per cent were benign; among these,
      mixed tumors were by far the commonest. For most benign tumors, the recommended
      surgical treatment is wide local excision with an adequate margin of normal
      glandular tissue, except when subtotal or conservative total parotidectomy is
      required because of the size or location of the tumor. The facial nerve should be
      visualized and preserved. This approach prevents recurrences and minimizes facial
      nerve injury, since risk of neural injury increases with the extent of the
      surgical procedure. Total removal of the gland on the basis of the
      multicentricity or malignant transformation of these tumors is not supported by
      the findings of this study. For malignant tumors a more radical procedure, that
      is, subtotal or total parotidectomy with or without node dissection, with
      sacrifice of the facial nerve if necessary is advisable, depending on the type
      and anatomic location of the tumor.

PMID- 165742
TI  - The influence of diazepam on the dosage of muscel-relaxants during anaesthesia.
AB  - The literature on anaesthesiological studies performed to investigate a possible
      sparing effect of diazepam on the dosage of muscle-relaxants during anaesthesia
      is reviewed. Despite some conflicting results it can be concluded that diazepam
      exerts such an effect, thus allowing between 8 and 30% of the amounts of muscle
      relaxants, depending on the type of anesthesia used, to be spared. This
      conclusion is also supported by the results of pharmacological studies in
      animals, using the head drop method. The mechanism of this effect is discussed on
      the basis of the relevant published pharmacological evidence from "in vitro"
      studies and from both animal and human "in vivo" studies. From these reports it
      is concluded that diazepam, at therapeutic doses, does not act on neuromuscular
      transmission and that this sparing effect does not result from direct
      pharmacological interaction with neuromuscular blocking agents. Some studies
      indicate a minimal action of the product on the skeletal muscle fibre, but this
      also is not related to the sparing effect. It is furthermore concluded that his
      sparing effect of diazepam on the dosage of muscle-relaxants during anesthesia is
      due to a summation of muscle-relaxant actions exerted at different levels of the
      nervous system, those of diazepam being mainly exerted at the spinal and
      brainstem level and consisting in inhibition of polysynaptic reflex activity,
      enhancement of presynaptic inhibition, and depression of gamma-motoneuron
      activity.

PMID- 165741
TI  - Electron microscopic studies on zonular fibers. II. Changes of the zonular fibers
      after the treatment with collagenase, alpha-chymotrypsin and hyaluronidase.
AB  - Adult rabbit zonular fibers maintained in their native condition were treated
      with collagenase, alpha-chymotrypsin and hyaluronidase, and were observed with
      the electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Collagenase
      digested the lens capsule, but not the zonular fibers. 2. Long time collagenase
      action obscured the cell membrane of the lens epithelium and the basal lamina of
      the ciliary epithelium. 3. Washing with 0.9% NaCl increased the collagenase
      action on the lens capsule. 4. Alpha-chymotrypsin digested the zonular fibers and
      the zonular lemalla, but not the lens capsule and the basal lamina of the ciliary
      epithelium. 5, Hyaluronidase only slightly changed the lens capsule. 6. The
      vitreous fibers were digested by collagenase, but not by alpha-chymotrypsin or
      hyaluronidase. Thes results together with the review of recent literature
      indicate that the zonular fiber has a nature close to that of the microfibril of
      elastic fiber.

PMID- 165743
TI  - One step purification of D-galactose and L-arabinose kinases from Phaseolus
      aureus seedlings by ATP-sepharose affinity chromatography.

PMID- 165744
TI  - Analytical chromatography of hemins on silica gel.

PMID- 165745
TI  - A simple radioimmunoassay for 3',5', cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

PMID- 165746
TI  - The use of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 perchloric acid solution for staining in
      electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 165747
TI  - Breakage of yeast: a method for processing multiple samples.

PMID- 165748
TI  - A simple, specific, radioisotopic assay for 5'-nucleotidase.

PMID- 165749
TI  - The measurement of choline kinase activity in rat brain: the problem of alternate
      pathways of ATP metabolism.

PMID- 165750
TI  - Angel rotor countercurrent chromatography.

PMID- 165751
TI  - A new and highly sensitive assay for the ATP phosphoribosyltransferase that
      catalyzes the first step of histidine biosynthesis.

PMID- 165752
TI  - Separation of plasma lipoproteins by density-gradient ultracentrifugation.

PMID- 165753
TI  - A simple and rapid separation of four major ribonucleosides or
      deoxyribonucleosides.

PMID- 165754
TI  - Sedimentation coefficient and buoyant density of brown adipose tissue
      mitochondria from guinea pigs.

PMID- 165755
TI  - Phosphohydrolases: inorganic phosphate reaction giving stably stained zymograms
      using an alternative to benzidine.

PMID- 165756
TI  - Actions of a new muscle relaxant (AH8165) on neuromuscular transmission.
AB  - The effects of a new muscle relaxant, AH8165, on miniature endplate potential
      (MEPP) amplitude and frequency, endplate sensitivity to acetylcholine, and muscle
      twitch tension were studied in vitro in the frog sartorius muscle. Nerve terminal
      effects were studied in vivo in the cat soleus muscle and its ventral root
      fibers. AH8165 stimulates the nerve terminal, as evidenced by increased MEPP
      frequency and the appearance of post-drug repetitive activity. In the same
      concentration range at which MEPP frequency is increased, MEPP amplitude,
      endplate sensitivity to acetylcholine, and twitch tension are decreased. This
      suggests that AH8165 produces muscle relaxation by blocking postsynaptic
      cholinergic receptors. (Key works: Neuromuscular relaxants, AH8165.).

PMID- 165757
TI  - Letter: Serum dTc and neuromuscular blockade in man.

PMID- 165758
TI  - Use of a rapid brain-sampling technique in a physiologic preparation: effects of
      morphine, ketamine, and halothane on tissue energy intermediates.
AB  - A new method of rapid sampling of brain tissue, "freeze-blowing," has been used
      to compare the neurochemistry of the brain during anesthesia with that in the
      awake state. The method avoids anoxia associated with the sampling process.
      Physiologic variables, including body temperature, blood-gas tensions and blood
      pressure, were carefully monitored and controlled in the experimental animals.
      None of the agents tested (halothane, morphine, and ketamine) reduced the brain
      tissue high-energy phosphate reserved. All three drugs doubled glucose levels.
      Morphine lowered both lactate and the lactate/pyruvate ratio. Uniformly, the
      three anesthetic agents led to twofold increases of brain cyclic 3'-5' adenosine
      monophosphate concentrations. These changes suggest a possible role for cyclic
      nucleotides in central neurotransmission.

PMID- 165759
TI  - Stimulation by dimethyl sulfoxide of erythroid differentiation and hemoglobin
      synthesis in murine virus-induced leukemic cells.

PMID- 165760
TI  - Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide on the growth and morphology
      of tumor cells.

PMID- 165761
TI  - The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functions in
      the rat.

PMID- 165762
TI  - The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the neuronal excitability and cholinergic
      transmission in Aplysia ganglion cells.
AB  - The effects of DMSO on single nerve cells of Aplysia were investigated by various
      electrophysiological methods. 1. Although the increase in permeability of the
      biological membranes produced by DMSO has been well documented, we found that
      DMSO at concentration of less than 20% actually decreases the permeability of the
      neuronal membranes, probably toward potassium and chloride ions. This change in
      ionic permeability reversibly depolarizes the resting membranes and makes the
      neurons more excitable. 2. The falling phase of the spike is prolonged by 8%
      DMSO, because it blocks the active increase in potassium permeability. This
      change suppresses the high frequency discharge, because the refractory period of
      each spike is increased. Neither the rising phase nor the absolute firing level
      is appreciably altered by DMSO when these are examined after the depolarization
      is cancelled. 3. Dilute DMSO (less than 1%) facilitates cholinergic trasmission
      because it blocks ACh-esterase activity. DMSO at concentrations of more than 10%
      ultimately blocks cholinergic transmission entirely, because it also depresses
      cholinoceptive receptor activity (probably by allosteric interaction). The action
      of 1-10% DMSO is complicated, because both facilitatory and inhibitory effects
      take place at the same time. 4. In cholinergic synapses, excitatory transmission
      is more susceptible to DMSO than inhibitory transmission. This is because the
      activity of the excitatory receptor is blocked more readily than that of the
      inhibitory receptor. The depressing effects of DMSO are not specific to the
      cholinergic system, however, since the activities of GABA and glutamate receptors
      are similarly depressed.

PMID- 165763
TI  - Specific modifications of the Na+,K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase by
      dimethyl sulfoxide.
AB  - DMSO inhibits the Na+, K+-ATPase, but stimulates the associated K+-phosphatase
      activity. For the ATPase, DMSO acts as an uncompetitive inhibitor toward both ATP
      and Na+, whereas it increases the K0.5 for K+. From measurements of the
      dissociation constant (Km) of these ions in the ligand states that correspond to
      the ATPase reaction, it can be shown that DMSO has little effect on the affinity
      for Na+, but decreases the affinity for K+ of the enzyme-phosphate intermediate
      (the form that has the highest affinity for K+). By contrast, DMSO decreases the
      Km for the phosphatase substrate (nitrophenyl phosphate) without affecting the
      Vmax. Moreover, DMSO decreases the K0.5 for K+ and also the Kd for K+ in the
      ligand states that correspond to the phosphatase reaction (which have only a
      moderate affinity for K+, since the acyl phosphate intermediate is absent in this
      pathway). These data may be incorporated into a reaction mechanism for the Na+,
      K+-ATPase. Initially the enzyme is phosphorylated to form an acyl phosphate
      intermediate, in steps that require Na+ and Mg-2+. At this stage the affinity of
      K+ is markedly increased (from the moderate affinity seen in the "free" enzyme
      and the phosphatase reaction). When K+ is bound, the phosphate group is
      transferred to the hydrolytic site where P-i is ultimately released. DMSO acts at
      the point at which the acyl phosphate group or the phosphatase substrate enters
      the hydrolytic site, inhibiting one and facilitating the other. At this stage the
      affinity for K+ is also changing, and DMSO apparently selects an enyme
      conformation of intermediate affinity. Ion transport may occur by a gate
      mechanism in an overall system that operates on a half-of-the-sites active enzyme
      pattern in which ATP hydrolysis may alternate between the dimeric subunits of the
      enzyme.

PMID- 165764
TI  - Thymosin-induced differentiation of murine thymocytes in allogeneic mixed
      lymphocyte cultures.
AB  - Calf thymosin is shown to enhance the one-way MLR of CBA thymocytes cultured with
      allogeneic mitomycin-C- treated C57BL/J6 spleen cells. Thymosin does not enhance
      the one-way MLR of CBA thymocytes cultured with syngeneic mitomucin-C-treated
      spleen cells. Based on this finding we present a relatively simple, rapid and
      quantitative in vitro microculture hioassay for inducers of T-cell
      differentiation and propose that thymosin treatment, when accompanied by antigen
      presentation, induces the two-step maturational sequence of pre-T yields T1
      yields T2.

PMID- 165765
TI  - The isolation of thymopoietin (thymin).
AB  - The isolation from bovine thymus of two closely related polypeptides,
      thymopoietin I and II, is described. These are considered to be thymic hormones,
      which physiologically induce the differentation of prothymocytes to thymocytes
      within the thymus. Ths isolation of the thymopoietins was monitored not by their
      differentiative effects, but by a presumably secondary effect on neuromuscular
      transmission. This was discerned in experimental studies related to the human
      disease myasthenia gravis in which it was suggested that autoimmune thymitis was
      regularly present. In an animal model, experimental autoimmune thymitis, the
      thymic disease was shown to result in the release of a substance that depressed
      neuromuscular transmission and this substance was shown to be also secreted in
      small amounts by the normal thymus. A bioassay was developed, this being the
      delayed appearance of neuromuscular impairment after in vivo injection of the
      active material, and this bioassay was used to monitor the fractionation of
      thymus extracts and isolate thymopoietin. Pure thymopoietin was active at
      subnanogram concentrations, both in producing its effect on neuromuscualr
      transmission and in inducing the differentiation of prothymocytes to thymocytes.
      This potency of activity of the purified polypeptide, as well as its specificity
      in inducing the differentiation of T-cells and not B-cells, support the
      consideration that thympoietin is a physiological inducing hormone produced by
      the thymus. This is further supported by the evidence that thymopoietin is only
      produced in the thymus: neuromuscular blocking effects are not present in
      extracts of other tissues and immunofluorescent localization of thymopoietin
      shows it to be present only in thymic epithelial cells.

PMID- 165766
TI  - Regulation of theta-antigen expression by agents altering cyclic AMP level and by
      thymic factor.
AB  - Thymic factor, cyclic AMP, and products increasing its cellular level, such as
      Prostaglandin E1, induce the appearance of the theta-antigen on T-cell precursors
      whether assessed by a rossette-inhibition assay or a cytotoxic assay after cell
      fractionation on BSA discontinuous gradiet. Synergism has been demonstrated
      between cyclic AMPT and TF for that effect. Conversely, decrease of theta
      expression has been obtained by altering cyclic AMP level in theta-positive cells
      either increasing it by dibutyryl cAMP treatment or decreasing it by indomethacin
      treatment. Finally, these data suggest the involvement of cyclic AMP in the
      regulation of theta expression under thymic hormone control.

PMID- 165767
TI  - Early cellular events in the response of mice to sheep red blood cells reflected
      by changes in the spleen level of cyclic amp.

PMID- 165768
TI  - Influence of the thymus-corticothropin-growth hormone interaction on the
      rejection of skin allografts in the rat.
AB  - Skin allograft rejection was noticeably delayed in rats following hypophysectomy.
      Daily injections of hypophyseal growth hormone restored the normal reaction.
      Additional thymectomy had no influence on the rejection of hypophysectomized
      rats. In these animals growth hormone by itself had no significant influence on
      the graft rejection. It only restored a normal reaction when given together with
      thymic hormone. Corticotropin injections accelerated the allograft rejection. On
      this action of corticotropin thymic hormone has shown a significant inhibitory
      influence. The thymus was thus proved to be a synergist to growth hormone and an
      antagonist to corticotropin. Previous observations made with usual
      endocrinological test- are thus confirmed with an immunological test.

PMID- 165770
TI  - Lymphocyte differentiation from precursor cells in vitro.

PMID- 165769
TI  - Stimulation of cAMP levels and modulation of antibody formation in mice immunized
      with cholera toxin.
AB  - Injection of mice with 1.0 mu g of a purified exotoxin derived from Vitro
      cholerae together with a challenge injection of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC)P OR E.
      coli LPS markedly influenced the immune response to these antigens. Simultaneous
      injection of the toxin with antigen resulted in a delayed appearance of antibody
      forming cells during the first few days after immunization, followed by a marked
      enhancement of the peak numbers of antibody-forming cells. In the case of the
      immune response to SRBC, both 19S and 7S plaque-forming cells (PFC) were enhanced
      on the peak day of response after simulataneous immunization of toxin-injected
      mice. The secondary immune response to SRBC was also similarly affected when
      cholera toxin was given along with a second injection of erythrocytes: i.e. a
      delay in appearance of the first antibody-forming cells followed by a marked
      enhancement of the peak 19S and 7S PFC response. Injection of cholera toxin 103
      days prior to SRBC or LPS was immunosuppressive. The effect of cholera toxin on
      the level of splenic cyclic AMP appeared related to the effects on antibody
      formation.

PMID- 165771
TI  - The latero-medial inferior pontine syndrome.
AB  - A case is presented with a pontine vascular lesion involving the V, VI, VII, and
      VIII cranial nerves. The diagnostic evaluation included audiometry and
      electronystagmography as well as arteriography, pneumoencephalography, and brain
      scan. Total deafness developed in the involved ear and was present for seven
      weeks before complete recovery occurred. Electronystagmographic findings
      consistent with a brain stem lesion also resolved following recovery of the
      patient. Audiometry and electronystagmography are described and documented for
      the first time in a report of a patient with a latero-medial inferior pontine
      syndrome. A discussion of some of the unique features of the brain stem
      vasculature and its relationship to clinical syndromes involving the brain stem
      is given.

PMID- 165772
TI  - Value of special auditory tests in the latero-medial inferior pontine syndrome.
AB  - Results from a special battery of auditory tests are used to document, for the
      first time, recovery from a total unilateral hearing loss occurring as part of a
      latero-medial inferior pontine syndrome. Although sensitivity for pure tones and
      speech was regained within two months of onset, definite retrocochlear signs
      persisted for nine months. The tests which best demonstrated the lingering
      retrocochlear abnormality were binaural masking level difference procedures for
      500 Hz pure tones and speech and examination of the amplitude of the acoustic
      reflex over a ten second time period. The relative sensitivity of other speech
      and pure tone tasks in detecting the retrocochlear problem is detailed.

PMID- 165773
TI  - A comparative study of the carbohydrate content, protein, glycoprotein and
      ganglioside patterns of cell membranes isolated from Novikoff ascites hepatoma
      and normal liver.

PMID- 165774
TI  - Sphingomyelinase of chicken erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 165775
TI  - Aging in the rat prostate. Reduction in detectable ventral prostate androgen
      receptor content.

PMID- 165776
TI  - Heterogeneity of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450: the spectral characterization
      of reactants with reduced cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 165777
TI  - The effects of interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, its subunits, and
      recombinants on isolated rat Leydig cells.

PMID- 165778
TI  - Differential rates of synthesis of glycerokinase and glycerophosphate
      dehydrogenase in Neurospora crassa during induction.

PMID- 165779
TI  - The influence of potassium and rifampicin on the expression of bacteriophage T2
      prereplicative genes in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 165780
TI  - Revertants of Escherichia coli mutants defective in the cyclic AMP system.

PMID- 165782
TI  - Basal cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinoma-like changes overlying
      dermatofibromas.
AB  - Three patients had pigmented nodular basal cell carcinomas overlying
      dermatofibromas and 19 patients had basal cell carcinoma-like changes. We agree
      with the view generally held that acanthosis, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia,
      basal cell buddings, and hair follicle-like proliferations of basal cells
      represent reactive changes of a spectrum of epidermal alterations overlying
      dermatofibromas. Contrary to the general opinion, however, we believe that basal
      cell carcinoma-like changes, superficial multicentric basal cell carcinomas, and
      nodular basal cell carcinomas represent neoplastic changes of such a spectrum.

PMID- 165781
TI  - Degradation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) by homogenates of various
      normal tissues and tumors of rats.

PMID- 165783
TI  - A syndrome of trichoepitheliomas, milia, and cylindromas.
AB  - Three consecutive generations of a family have had members affected with
      trichoepitheliomas and milia. One member, the proband, also had cylindromas. The
      pattern of inheritance was a dominant one, with only the male members affected.
      Histopathologically, the trichoepitheliomas and milia contained keratinizing
      cysts with laminated centers, peripheral basaloid cells, and a thin granular
      layer. Fibroblastic stroma and fronding of basaloid cells were also seen in both
      tumors. The trichoepitheliomas and milia differed mainly in the greater
      proportion of keratinized cells found in the milia. Clinically, the milia were
      found only in areas of vellus hairs.

PMID- 165784
TI  - EB-virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in first-degree relatives of children
      with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
AB  - EB-virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies (to virus capsid and soluble complement
      fixing antigens) were estimated in sera from mothers and sibs of children with
      acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, from patients with infectious mononucleosis, and
      from control induviduals. IgM antibodies were present in 12 of 16 mothers and 3
      of 4 sibs of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. They were also present
      in 14 of 16 patients with infectious mononucleosis, but in only 1 of 12 control
      individuals.

PMID- 165786
TI  - Bone changes in congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease.
AB  - We report the case of a female infant born with cytomegalic inclusion disease, in
      whom bone changes were present in x-rays of the tibiae and femora. She was the
      mother's first child and was born 8 days postmature after a normal delivery;
      birthweight 2.52 kg. Many infarcts were seen in the placenta. The mother had a
      feverish illness at the 7th month of gestation, diagnosed by family doctor as
      influenza. No drugs had been given.

PMID- 165785
TI  - Sexual precocity associated with a hypothalamic tumour. Effects of sex hormone
      therapy.
AB  - A case of sexual precocity of unusually early onset and associated with a
      hypothalamic tumour is described. The effects of ethinyl oestradiol and
      medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment have been monitored by plasma testosterone,
      FSH, and LH estimations. The results suggested a partial suppression of the
      tumour's influence, the mechanism of which is discussed.

PMID- 165787
TI  - Separation of human epidermal cells from fibroblasts in primary skin culture.
AB  - To obtain pure culture of epidermal cells from small human biopsies, two
      different techniques were tested and compared, i.e. separation of epidermis from
      corium before cultivation by trypsin and suction, and after cultivation by
      trypsin and collagenase. The most active growth of epidermal cells was obtained
      by the third technique, since short-term trypsin treatment released only
      fibroblasts from the culture. Crude collagenase (type I) was less effective than
      trypsin. Collagenase type II, III and IV had no effect on fibroblast release.
      Neither trypsin nor collagenases dispersed epidermal cells.

PMID- 165788
TI  - Metastatic cystosarcoma phylloides in an adolescent girl: an unusually malignant
      tumor.
AB  - The first case of metastatic cystosarcoma phylloides in an adolescent is
      reported. This case also represents the first reported response of this tumor to
      chemotherapy and irradiation. This tumor showed an unusually rapid rate of cell
      division probably making it more susceptible to these agents. The importance of
      an early diagnosis and definitive excision is stressed.

PMID- 165789
TI  - Factors determining successful liver preservation for transplantation.
AB  - Auxiliary liver allotransplants will survive for relatively long periods of time
      after 24 hour hypothermic (10-12C), pulsatile perfusion. The best perfusate was a
      silica gel fraction of dog plasma with added potassium chloride gel made
      hyperosmolar with glucose. Further improvement could be achieved with added
      allopurinol and methylprednisolone. Nonpulsatile flow or lower temperatures were
      less effective preservation techniques.

PMID- 165790
TI  - Treatment of intra-abdominal and abdominal wall desmoid tumors with drugs that
      affect the metabolism of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.
AB  - A female patient with Gardner's syndrome was treated with delta1-testololactone
      (200 mg daily) because of growth of a large desmoid tumor in the pelvis and lower
      abdomen and a tumor in a scar from a previous laparotomy. There was also pain and
      swelling of the left leg. An immediate effect of the drug therapy was complete
      relief of pain followed shortly thereafter by disappearance of the edema of the
      leg. After two months, the numerous sebaceous cysts were less prominent. The
      gross measurements of the diameter of the pelvic and lower abdominal tumor
      clearly demonstrated tumor shrinkage following therapy. Small polyps scattered
      over the rectal mucosa and numerous osteomata were not demonstrably affected.
      After one year of treatment with delta1-testololactone, a laparotomy for partial
      small bowel obstruction was necessary. Obstruction was caused by the involvement
      of small bowel mesentery and the bowel itself in a contracted residuum of dense
      fibrous tissue. Substitution of theophylline and chlorothiazide for the
      testololactone in Januray 1974 was followed by further diminution of the
      measurable abdominal and pelvic desmoids. All of these compounds synergize the
      action of 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and at least the latter two may function
      by inhibiting the action of 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate diesterase.

PMID- 165791
TI  - Cancer of the bile ducts associated with ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Thirteen patients with bile duct cancer (excluding gallbladder) and associated
      chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) were seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1935 through
      1973. Most patients had initial symptoms of severe diarrhea and bleeding,
      followed by a pattern of mild-to-moderate disease with exacerbations and
      remissions. Three patients had especially severe symptoms and underwent total
      colectomy (1 patient) or proctocolectomy (2 patients) an average of 15.7 years
      from onset of CUC symptoms. Anorexia, followed rapidly by the development of
      progressive jaundice (or a sudden deterioration when liver disease was already
      present), marked the onset of symptoms of bile duct cancer in the 13 patients.
      The overall mean duration from onset of CUC to development of symptoms of bile
      duct cancer was 19 years. The patients in whom colitis was managed by
      proctocolectomy or total abdominal colectomy developed symptoms of bile duct
      cancer an average of 9.4 years after colectomy. When cancer was diagnosed, the
      tumor had spread beyond the bile ducts in 10 patients. The tumors were difficult
      to identify and often infiltrated the hepatic hilus. The present series and
      review of the literature suggest that the relationship between CUC and bile duct
      cancer is more than a chance occurrence. The carcinoma has an onset approximately
      3 decades earlier than does carcinoma of the bile ducts without CUC. Surgical
      removal of the diseased colon and mode of medical management of the unresected
      colon have no relationship to the subsequent development of carcinoma of the bile
      ducts; neither does the extent or severity of the colonic disease. The prognosis
      of carcinoma of the bile ducts unfortunately continues to be dismal.

PMID- 165792
TI  - Occult adrenal insufficiency in surgical patients.
AB  - Eight patients admitted to a University hospital with acute surgical problems and
      related adrenal insufficiency were reviewed and three are presented in detail.
      Surgical stress and continued sepsis played major roles in the lack of
      responsiveness to usual modes of therapy until the adrenal insufficiency was
      corrected. The patients fell into three major clinical categories of adrenal
      insufficiency. Chronic illness and sepsis are shown to affect steroid production
      and metabolism, as well as adrenal responsiveness to ACTH. Pharmacologic amounts
      of steroids are often needed in patients with shock, gram negative sepsis and
      prolonged illnesses, even if normal or elevated serum cortisols are present.
      Therapeutic trials of cortisol administration are shown to be confusing when not
      accompanied by easily performed diagnostic tests of adrenal function. It is
      emphasized that a pretreatment serum cortisol should be obtained whenever
      possible. The evaluation of adrenal function is of lifelong importance to the
      patient.

PMID- 165793
TI  - Herpetic tracheobronchitis. Cytologic and virologic detection.
AB  - Tracheobronchitis due to herpes simplex virus is a well-recognized finding in
      cases of burns, debilitation, or immunosuppression. Nearly all reported cases
      have been diagnosed at necropsy despite the possibility for clinical detection of
      such infections by exfoliative cytological studies, virus isolation and
      identification, or both. The present report details the cytologic and virologic
      diagnosis of herpetic tracheobronchitis in a patient with carcinoma of the lung
      and alcoholic fatty liver. Respiratory cells with herpetic infection
      cytologically showed less tendency to multinucleation than the characteristic
      herpes-infected cells of squamous epithelium, which may be a source of diagnostic
      confusion.

PMID- 165794
TI  - Recovery from encephalomyelitis caused by Herpesvirus simiae. Report of a case.
AB  - A 29-year-old monkey handler developed an acute encephalomyelitis with
      neuromuscular dysfunction that progressed to respiratory arrest on the 18th day
      of illness. Thereafter, with supportive care, the patient's condition improved
      steadily. The titer of neutralizing antibodies to H simiae rose from 1:4 (eighth
      day of illness) to 1:512 (47th day of illness). Apparently the fifth known
      survivor of H simiae (herpesvirus B) encephalomyelitis, this patient is also
      remarkable because of virtually complete recovery, apparently the second
      documented instance of a good outcome.

PMID- 165795
TI  - A review of REM sleep deprivation.
AB  - Studies on the behavioral consequences of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
      deprivation in animals and humans are critically reviewed. In animals, converging
      evidence--some reasonably well controlled--indicates that REM sleep deprivation
      probably heightens central neural excitability and increased motivational
      behavior, but has nuclear or inconclusive effects on learning. In humans,
      evidence indicates that REM sleep deprivation is not dream deprivation and is not
      harmful to schizophrenic, depressed, or healthy subjects. Controversy continues
      about whether or not (some) schizophrenic patients respond abnormally to REM
      sleep deprivation by having no REM rebound. Controlled but unconfirmed work
      indicates that that endogenous, but not reactive, depressive patients are
      improved by REM sleep deprivation, a finding consistent with the animal
      behavioral consequences of the procedure and with the unique REM-depriving
      properties of efficacious antidepressant drugs.

PMID- 165796
TI  - REM sleep reduction effects on depression syndromes.
AB  - Thirty-four endogenous and 18 reactive, depressed patients (hospitalized and
      nonschizophrenic) were treated in a double-blind, crossover study of the
      hypothesis that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep reduction (by awakenings) relieves
      depression. In the endogenous group-but not in the reactive group-subjects
      deprived of REM sleep for three weeks improved significantly more than control
      subjects awakened from non-REM sleep. Therapeutic efficacy of REM sleep reduction
      appeared similar to reported efficacy of imipramine hydrochloride treatment of
      depression. Eight of nine endogenous patients, unimproved by REM sleep
      deprivation, did not improve with imipramine. Results suggested (1) that
      substantial REM sleep reduction has antidepressant activity, and (2) since
      imipramine and other drug antidepressants reduce REM sleep much more so than
      nonantidepressant drugs, that an antidepressant "mechanism" of drugs resides in
      their capacity to substantially reduce REM sleep.

PMID- 165797
TI  - A neuroendocrine predisposition for homosexuality in men.
AB  - In male rats, androgen deficiency during a critical hypothalamic organizational
      period was shown to give rise to a predominantly female-differentiated brain,
      homosexual behavior, and demonstration of a positive estrogen feedback effect. A
      positive estrogen feedback effect was also induced in intact homosexual men in
      contrast to intact heterosexual and bisexual men. Thus in 21 homosexual men an
      intravenous injection of 20 mg Presomen (Premarin) produced a significant
      decrease of serum LH levels followed by an increase above initial LH values. In
      20 heterosexual and in five bisexual men, by contrast, intravenous estrogen
      administration, while producing a significant decrease of the serum LH level, was
      not followed by an increase above the initial LH values. Using a
      radioimmunoassay, plasma testosterone levels and 24-hr urinary excretions of
      unconjugated testosterone of adult homosexual men were found to be in the normal
      range as observed in heterosexual men. This finding suggests that homosexual men
      possess a predominantly female-differentiated brain which may be activated to
      homosexual behavior by normal or approximately normal androgen levels in
      adulthood.

PMID- 165799
TI  - [A change in the ultrastructure of frog spinal cord and motor neuron synapses
      during prolonged activation].
AB  - Motoneuron axosomatic synapses (AS) were shown to be larger than axodendritic
      (AD) synapses under anaesthesia. A 10 minute-long electrical stimulation both by
      low and high frequency caused enlargement of AS and AD synapses, it being the
      more pronounced the higher was the activation frequency. In all cases changes the
      AS synapses were more marked than those of AD synapses. On the bases of
      morphological and physiological data it was concluded that the changes of the
      synapse dimentions did not affect the synaptic transmission.

PMID- 165800
TI  - [A malignant variant of Abrikosov's tumor].
AB  - Three observations on granular-cell Abrikosov's tumours with locally destructive
      growth and polymorphism of cells (in 2 male and 1 female patients) located in
      soft tissues of a hand finger, under the skin of teh upper lip, and in soft
      tissues of the lumbar region are described.  A critical survey of the literature
      is given.

PMID- 165798
TI  - Further evaluation of total pancreatectomy.
AB  - The results of 64 total pancreatectomies performed at the Mayo Clinic between
      1942 and 1973 have been reviewed. Improvement in recent results as compared to
      the previously reported series is probably related to improvements in operative
      techniques and in selection of patients with more favorable malignant lesions.
      The recent results are more favorable than those reported for a group of
      comparable patients undergoing standard Whipple procedures for malignant lesions
      at this institution. Diabetes was easily managed in 76% of patients. Hypoglycemia
      due to insulin sensitivity is the major problem, and ketoacidosis seldom occurs.
      Recognition of this has resulted in better management of diabetes with relatively
      small doses of insulin. The sequels of long-standing diabetes do not appear to be
      a problem. Gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage has been greatly decreased through
      the use of more extensive gastric resection.

PMID- 165801
TI  - [Fibroblast-fibroclast: The ultrastructural mechanisms of resorption of collagen
      fibers in involution of the connective tissue].
AB  - Using various experimental models (postpartum involution of the uterus,
      resolution of a subcutaneous scar which replaced the collagen implant and
      connective-tissue capsule following the removal of a foreign body) and electron
      microscopy and histochemical methods of investigation intra- and extracellular
      resorption of th  e collagenous fibres was extablished.  The main role in this
      process was played by fibroblasts which uncer these conditions could funciton as
      fibroclasts phagocyting and idgesting in its cytoplasma collagenous fibrillas
      with the help of lysosomal enzymes.  Desintegration of fibroclasts, enriching the
      medium with these enzymes, stimulated the extracellular lysis of the collagenous
      fibrillas.  This lysis was particularly intensive in the presence of an
      inflammatory process, and even could take place before the intracellular
      resorption.  In macrophages no intracellular lysis was observed, however, they
      could phagocyte denaturated collagen, deprived of structural orgainzation.

PMID- 165802
TI  - Hydrocephalus produced by the 6/94 virus; A parainfluenza type 1 isolate from
      multiple sclerosis brain tissue.
AB  - The 6/94 virus, parainfluenza type 1 isolate from multiple sclerosis brain
      tissue, produced hydrocephalus in newborn Syrian hamsters. All animals developed
      clinical disease and died within a week. Ependymal cells lining the aqueduct of
      Sylvius became necrotic and fused, resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus. The
      6/94 virus antigen was seen in ependyma and meninges. Paramyxovirus nucleocapsids
      were seen within cytoplasm of ependymal cells. Virus was recovered from hamster
      brains for only two days. Infectious virus could be recovered from brains grown
      in vitro as explants for 21 days. No evidence of rising hemagglutination
      inhibiting antibody was noted for up to one month after infection.
      Intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection of 6/94 virus did not produce
      hydrocephalus. HA2 virus and the temperature sensitive mutant of HA2 virus failed
      to produce hydrocephalus, while Sendai virus caused lesions similar to those of
      6/94 virus.

PMID- 165803
TI  - Atypical myopathy with myofibrillar aggregates.
AB  - An autopsy of a 23-year-old woman with progressive muscular weakness and wasting
      showed a unique muscle abnormality with segmental involvement of individual
      fibers by peculiar inclusions. Electron microscopically, these inclusions
      resembled cytoplasmic bodies, being formed of two concentric zones of filamentous
      materials. They seemed to arise from filaments of myofibrils that were fragmented
      and highly disorganized in affected areas.

PMID- 165804
TI  - Pathologic quiz: Salivary duct carcinoma.

PMID- 165805
TI  - Lipoproteins in atherosclerotic lesions. Localization by immunofluorescence of
      apo-low density lipoproteins in human atherosclerotic arteries from normal and
      hyperlipoproteinemics.
AB  - Using immunofluorescence techniques, apoLDL, the major protein component of human
      plasma low and very low density lipoproteins was localized in athersclerotic
      lesions from the aorta, coronary, and carotid arteries in human
      normolipoproteinemic, type II, and type IV hyperlipoproteinemics. Although no
      apoLDL was detected in uninvolved arteries, atheromas from advanced lesions as
      well as certain collagen and elastic fibers from both fatty streaks and advanced
      lesions were positive for apoLDL. This localization pattern was the same in each
      lipemic group, except for the presence of apoLDL in some intimal cells from type
      II cases. However, extensiveness of apoLDL localization was greatest in the type
      II group, but equal in the normolipemic and type II group. This may be explained
      by the high concentration gradient between plasma and tissue for apoLDL in the
      type II group.

PMID- 165806
TI  - A community centre as large as life.

PMID- 165807
TI  - Collagen metabolism in rat lungs during chronic intermittent exposure to oxygen.
AB  - Collagen metabolism was studied in rat lungs during prolonged intermittent
      exposure to oxygen. After an initial of 2-d exposure to oxygen, the rats
      alternately breathed air and oxygen in 24-h periods up to 30 d. Lung histology
      showed perivascular edema as an early sign of oxygen toxicity. Increased
      capillary permeability was followed by a marked perivascular leukocytosis that
      was prominent between the 5th and 11th d of the treatment. During the further
      course of the experiment, the inflammatory response gradually diminished, and
      finally a network of collagen fibres filled the perivascular areas. The
      inflammatory process elevated the amounts of DNA and RNA in lung tissue, and the
      ratio of RNA to DNA was maximal on the 5th day. Studies on metabolism of lung
      collagen with intraperitoneally injected 3H-proline as label showed that, after
      the initial inflammatory reaction, both synthesis and degration of collagen were
      increased in oxygen-treated lungs. The increase in synthesis exceeded the rise in
      degradation and, therefore, collagen was accumulated. The activation of lung
      collagen synthesis coincided in time with a rise in the activity of lung
      protocollagen proline hydroxylase.

PMID- 165808
TI  - Histologic types and possible initial stages in early gastric carcinoma.
AB  - Among 2003 gastric specimens from 301 patients, diagnosis for carcinoma was made
      in 45 cases.  Examination of resection preparations revealed 36 cases of deep
      invasive stomach carcinoma and 9 cases of early gastric cancer confined to mucosa
      and/or submucosa.  Carcinomatous proliferations limited to mucosa or submucosa
      are classified in three histologic types: intestinal (adeno), mucocellular
      (signet ring cell), and anaplastic (solid) type of early gastric cancer.  Mixed
      types have been found combining the first and the second, or the second and the
      third type.  One case presented a mixture of all three types.  Possible precursor
      or initial stages of all three types were found in further 31 biopsies.  Some of
      them were glandular lesions in superficial parts of the mucosa; this kind has
      been described previously as possible preneoplastic stage of the intestinal type
      of early gastric cancer.  "Signet ring cell drippings" from lower parts of tubule
      necks were recorded as an initial form of the signet ring cell type.  The process
      is interpreted as detaching of isolated signet ring cells from a gland neck zone
      in progressing atypical transformation.  An early neoplastic stage of the
      anaplastic (solid) type of early gastric cancer is identified in the "gland neck
      dysplasia" located exclusively in the antrum between surface mucosa and antrum
      glands.  This lesion appears rich in cells and stretched like a broad ribbon. 
      Early gastric cancer of this third type will arise in the very same location. 
      Conclusions from formal histogenesis suggest that the signet ring cell type and
      the anaplastic (solid) type of early gastric cancer might start in the lower part
      of tubule necks.  In consequence, the neck region of gastric glands could be the
      critical field of malignant transformation in the gastric mucosa.  Long-term
      follow-up studies will be needed to verify these observations and their
      interpretation.

PMID- 165809
TI  - Ultrasonography of optic nerve lesions.

PMID- 165810
TI  - Typist: effect of glucose and cyclic nucleotides on the transcription of alpha
      amylase mRHA in Bacillus subtilis.

PMID- 165811
TI  - Inhibitory effects of 2,3-DPG on enzymes of purine nucleotide metabolism.

PMID- 165812
TI  - A novel assay of neuronal cell adhesion.

PMID- 165813
TI  - Alteration of the fatty acid composition of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell lipids.

PMID- 165814
TI  - Messenger RNA synthesis in the testis of immature rats: effect of gonadotropins
      and cyclic AMP.

PMID- 165815
TI  - Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate receptor protein: separation from adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate receptor protein.

PMID- 165816
TI  - Xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase in commercial bovine spleen
      phosphodiesterase preparations.

PMID- 165817
TI  - Cobalt cytochrome c: enzymic assays.

PMID- 165818
TI  - Existence of two distinct Hipip-type iron-sulfur centers in mitochondria.

PMID- 165819
TI  - Cyclic AMP induced inhibition of pyruvate kinase flux in the intact liver cell.

PMID- 165820
TI  - In vitro RNA synthesis should be coupled to pyrophosphate hydrolysis.

PMID- 165821
TI  - A protein inhibitor of rabbit liver phosphorylase phosphatase.

PMID- 165822
TI  - Separate genetic regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and its
      protein activator in cultured mouse fibroblasts.

PMID- 165823
TI  - Proline hydroxylase activity and collagen content of pigeon aortas with naturally
      occurring and cholesterol-aggravated atherosclerosis.
AB  - Proline hydroxylase activity and collagen content were determined in
      atherosclerotic plaque, fatty streak, and normal tissue from aortas of White
      Carneau pigeons with naturally-occurring of cholesterol-aggravated
      atherosclerosis. Little increase in collagen content or proline hydroxylase
      activity occurred in fatty streaks or plaques from birds with cholesterol
      aggravated atherosclerosis. This is consistent with the morphologic observation
      of the presence of little or no "fibromuscular cap" in these cholesterol
      aggravated lesions. Both normal and plaque tissue from arotas of birds with
      naturally-occurring atherosclerosis contained more collagen than did similar
      tissues from control birds or birds with cholesterol-aggravated lesions. The
      largest proportion of this increase in collagen content probably represented an
      age effect since it occurred in normal as well as atherosclerotic tissue. Plaques
      from aortas of birds with naturally-occurring atherosclerosis did contain,
      however, significantly more collagen than normal tissue from the same aortas.
      This is consistent with the presence of a prominent "fibromuscular cap" in these
      naturally-occurring lesions. Proline hydroxylase activity was less in these
      lesions than in normal tissue from the same aortas. Consequently increased
      proline hydroxylase activity and collagen content are not greatly altered in
      association with development of cholesterol-aggravated atherosclerotic lesions in
      pigeons. On the other hand, well-developed naturally-occurring lesions contained
      increased concentrations of collagen but showed no increase proline hydroxylase
      activity. This is not to say though, that active collagen synthesis and
      presukably increased proline hydroxylase activity did not take place at some
      point in the development of these naturally-occurring lesions.

PMID- 165824
TI  - The effect of nicotinic acid on the metabolism of the plasma lipoproteins of
      rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The effect of nicotinic acid was investigated in Rhesus monkeys. Subcutaneous
      injections of nicotinic acid lower the plasma very low density lipoprotein
      (VVLDL) and low density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. The fall in LDL
      concentration is not accompained by any change in the lipid or protein
      composition of either lipoprotein. Analysis by Sephadex gel chromatography and
      polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis showed that the proteins of monkey VLDL and
      LDL are qualitatively similar to those of human VLDL and LDL, although there are
      differences in the proportions of the various proteins present in the two
      species. Subcutaneous injections of nicotinic acid diminish the maximum
      incorporation of 14C from [14C]threonine into VLDL and LDL apoproteins, but have
      no effect on incorporation into albumin or HDL apoprotein. Peak incorporations
      into the apo-B and apo-C of VLDL are diminished to about equal extents by
      nicotinic acid. Comparison of the amount of 14C lost from apo-B of VLDL after 
      the peak of incorporation, with that gained by apo-B of LDL during the same
      period, suggests that some of the circulating apo-B of LDL IS DERIVED FROM
      SOURCES OTHER THAN CIRCULATING VLDL.

PMID- 165825
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human plasma apolipoproteins part 1. assay of apolipoprotein
      B.

PMID- 165826
TI  - The porcine endothelial cell in tissue culture.
AB  - Endothelial cells from porcine aorta and inferior vena cava have been harvested,
      using trypsin, EDTA or collagenase, and grown in tissue culture. Growth
      behaviour, cytology, scanning and electronmicroscopy findings are reported. It is
      hoped that this technique will prove useful in the investigation of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 165828
TI  - An examination of octanol and octanal metabolism to octanoic acid by horse liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The kinetics of the horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol: NAD+
      oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.1) catalyzed metabolism of octanol and octanal to
      octanoic acid have been examined. On incubation of octanol with horse liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase in the presence of NAD+, NADH as well as octanal and
      octanoic acid were seen as the initial products. However, on continued
      incubation, the octanal concentration progressively decreased to where only
      negligible quantities were present in the incubation after 10 min. The production
      of NADH was biphasic. An initial phase was followed in about 2 min with a slower
      but linear rate of NADH production. The production of octanoic acid was
      approximately linear throughout the 10 min incubation period. Since octanal is an
      intermediate in the oxidation of octanol to octanoic acid, the ability of
      semicarbazide to inhibit the metabolism of octanol to octanoic acid was examined.
      At a concentration of semicarbazide which was 63 times the concentration of
      octanol in the incubation media, the rate of formation of octanoic acid was
      inhibited by only 30%. The results of these experiments suggest that in the
      oxidation of octanol to octanoic acid a portion of the octanal formed from
      octanol is not released from the enzyme but, in the presence of NAD+, is oxidized
      to octanoic acid.

PMID- 165827
TI  - The metabolism of the apoprotein of plasma low density lipoprotein in familial
      hyperbetalipoproteinaemia in the homozygous form.

PMID- 165829
TI  - The separation, properties and possible subunit composition of adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate-dependent protein kinases in brown adipose tissue.
AB  - Two 8.5-S protein kinases (ATP : protein phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1.37) and one
      6.6-S protein kinase were purified 500--1000-fold from the acid-soluble fraction
      of brown adipose tissue. The catalytic properties of the kinases were similar.
      Each kinase was activated by cyclic AMP and had two components of cyclic AMP
      binding. In the presence of 200 nM cyclic AMP, undissociated kinase activity
      sedimented at 7.7 or 5.5 S. Free catalytic activity (3.2 S) could be detected but
      was unstable. Free regulatory units could not be detected. The 8.5-S protein
      kinase was dissociated by freezing and thawing to a 7.7-S variety with loss of
      the higher affinity component of binding. The 7.7-S kinase was sedimented through
      linear gradients of sucrose containing different concentrations of cyclic AMP. At
      each concentration, kinase activity lost from the holoenzyme peak (% of original)
      was identical with the amount of cyclic AMP bound at equilibrium (% oof maximum).
      Similar experiments on the 8.5-S kinase showed that the binding component with
      higher affinity was not associated with the release of catalytic activity. The
      results were consistent with the propostal that the kinases isolated contained
      one more cyclic AMP binding subunit than catalytic subunit (3 : 2 for 8.5 S and 2
      : 1 for 6.6 S) and that this extra subunit was released to give an equal number
      of subunits of each type before catalytic activity was liberated.

PMID- 165830
TI  - The effect of ADP, calcium and some inhibitors of platelet aggregation on protein
      phosphokinases from human blood platelets.
AB  - A protein phosphokinase (ATP: protein phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1.37) which is
      stimulated by 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) has been
      partially purified from both the cytoplasmic and membrane fractions of human
      platelets. The kinetics of both enzymes preparations are similar in respect to
      cyclic AMP, ATP, ADP and AMP. 5-10-minus 7 M cyclic AMP stimulated both
      preparations by approximately 100%. Both ADP and AMP at a concentration of 5-10
      minus 5 M inhibited protein phosphokinase activity of the soluble and membrane
      preparation by between 50% and 70%. The response of the two enzyme preparations
      to calcium differed. 10 mM Ca-2+ inhibited soluble protein phosphokinase activity
      approximately 80% both in the presence and absence of 5-10 minus 7 M cyclic AMP
      whereas the same concentrations of Ca-2+ inhibited the membrane-bound enzyme by
      approximately 60% in the presence of 5-10-minus 7 M cyclic AMP and 40% in the
      absence of cyclic AMP. This observation may be of importance in understanding the
      mechanism of platelet aggregation.

PMID- 165831
TI  - Hydrolysis of guanosine and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphates by rat blood.
AB  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity was measured in whole blood, plasma,
      and suspensions of platelets and erythrocytes from rats. In fresh whole blood,
      apparent phosphodiesterase activity was low, but it rose strikingly during the
      hour after blood withdrawal. The apparent phosphodiesterase activity in platelet
      free plasma showed no such increase, but that in platelet-enriched plasma
      increased in parallel with that in whole blood. The apparent phosphodiesterase
      activity of blood or of platelet-enriched plasma also was increased markedly by
      sonication. The increase in rat blood phosphodiesterase activity with aging thus
      appeared to be due to damage of platelets. Most of the phosphodiesterase activity
      in rat erythrocytes and platelets was located in the soluble fraction of
      sonicated preparations, but the total enzyme activities from the two sources
      exhibited marked differences in substrate specificity. With erythrocyte
      preparations, the rate of hydrolysis of muM concentrations of cyclic AMP was
      approx. 50 times that of cyclic GMP, while with platelet preparations, cyclic GMP
      was hydrolyzed about 20 times faster than cyclic AMP at muM levels. The activity
      of phosphodiesterase in platelets was much greater than that in erythrocytes at
      all concentrations of both substrates.

PMID- 165832
TI  - Purification and properties of a peptidase acting on a synthetic substrate for
      collagenase from monkey kidney.
AB  - A peptidase cleaving a synthetic substrate for collagenase, 4
      phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-L-Pro-L-Leu-Gly-L-Pro-D-Arg (designated as PZ-peptide)
      has been purified extensively (about 5200-fold) from a soluble extract of monkey
      kidney with a view of carrying out studies on its possible physiological role.
      The purified PZ-peptidase appeared essentially free of collagenase, nonspecific
      protease and di- and tri-peptidase activities. The properties of the purified PZ
      peptidase resemble very much the granuloma enzyme. It is optimally active around
      pH 7.0. Its apparent Km value for PZ-peptide is 0.72 mM and V is 10.1 mumol/mg
      protein/min. It is reversibly inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and HgCl2,
      whereas iodoactetamide does not affect the enzyme activity. N-Ethylmaleimide
      inhibited the enzyme partially (50%). Heavy metals like Cu-2+, Cd-2+, Ag+, Pb-2+,
      Ni-2+, and Zn-2+ completely inhibited the enzyme activity, while the inhibition
      by Co-2+ was only partial. Fe-2+ did not exert any effect on the activity. The
      enzyme activity was completely inhibited by EDTA and was restored almost to the
      original value by metal ions like Mn-2+, Mg-2+, Ca-2+ and Ba-2+. The approximate
      molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 56 000.

PMID- 165833
TI  - Collagenase production by Achromobacter iophagus.
AB  - Achromobacter iophagus produced collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) when cultured
      aerobically in buffer containing 5% peptone. The bacterium is non-pathogenic and
      tests on rabbits indicated that the culture medium was atoxic. The collagenase,
      which hydrolyzed insoluble and soluble native collagen, was purified by (NH4)2
      SO4 precipitation, starch block electrophoresis, and gel filtration. It was shown
      to be serologically distinct from Clostridium histolyticum collagenase and to
      have molecular weight and sedimentation coefficient values of approx. 112 000 and
      5.3 S, respectively.

PMID- 165834
TI  - Separation of lipoamide dehydrogenase isoenzymes by affinity chromatography.
AB  - 1. Lipoamide dehydrogenase NADH: lipoamide oxidoreductase, (EC 1.6.4.3) from pig
      heart has been separated into two sets of isoenzymes by chromatography on lipoyl-
      and NAD+-derivatized Sepharose-4B matrices. The first fraction is eluted at 30 mM
      sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2), the other requires a higher ionic strength. The
      two groups originate from the alpha-ketoglutarate and the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      complex respectively. 2, Hydrophobic chromatography on a homologous series of
      alkyl-Sepharoses lead to similar results. The first fraction is eluted with 30 mM
      phosphate buffer in the case of propyl- and butyl-Sepharose but a high ionic
      strength is required in the case of an increased chain length (C5--C6). The
      second fraction is reversibly bound on Sepharose-NC3 and -NC4 but binding becomes
      irreversible at higher chain lengths. 3. Aminoalkyl-Sepharose behave
      qualitatively as the alkyl derivatives although elution, particularly in the case
      of the second fraction, can be realized at lower ionic strength. 4. Matrices
      which  are negatively charged (Sepharose-NCnCOOH, n equal 3--7) have no affinity
      at pH 7.2. 5. The influence of a neutral polar substituent has been studied by
      comparing the following matrices: Sepharose-NC6OH, Sepharose-NC6NH2 and Sepharose
      NC6. Binding of the various isoenzymes is completely reversible in the case of a
      Sepharose-NC6OH matrix and the elution behaviour is identical to that on propyl-
      and butyl matrices.

PMID- 165836
TI  - Spectroscopic properties of ferrous heme complexes of sterically hindered
      ligands.
AB  - Mesoheme IX complexes of sterically hindered ligands 2-methylimidazole, tert
      butylamine and 2-methylpyridine in aqueous glycerol solutions are characterized
      by broad visible absorption spectra at ambient temperature exhibiting close
      similarities to high-spin ferrous hemeproteins. Spectrophotometric titrations of
      mesoheme IX with these ligands indicate well-defined equilibria for 2
      methylimidazole and tert-butylamine corresponding to the formation of penta
      coordinate strong-field ligand complexes. Variable temperature spectra of these
      complexes from ambient to 77 degrees K exhibit a change to hemochrome spectra
      characteristic of the low-spin unhindered ligand complexes. Corresponding changes
      in the visible spectra are not observed for the high-spin hemeproteins
      deoxymyoglobin, horse-radish peroxidase and cytochrome c. The appropriate
      utilization of these hindered ligand heme complexes as model systems for high
      spin ferrous hemeproteins has been discussed.

PMID- 165835
TI  - Influence of glucocorticoids on some morphological and biochemical aspects of rat
      small intestinal mucosa.
AB  - Glucocorticoid administration (5 mg/day per 100 g of body weight) to month-old
      rats elicited a reduction of maltase and alkaline phosphatase. Corticotrophic
      stimulation on month-old rats elicited a specific rise in maltase and alkaline
      phosphatase activities, total protein content remaining unchanged. Immunological,
      histological, radioautographical and biochemical studies have shown that these
      two opposing phenomena do not depend on enzyme activation, on membrane
      stabilisation, or on modifications of proliferative parameters of the intestinal
      epithelium. They appear rather to derive from the same origin, i.e. the action of
      glucocorticoids on the enterocyte differentiation.

PMID- 165837
TI  - Binding of progesterone to the proteins of the uterine luminal fluid.
      Identification of uteroglobin as the binding protein.
AB  - 1. The uterine luminal fluid of rabbits treated with estradiol and progesterone
      contains a protein factor with high affinity for [3-H] progesterone which is not
      present in the uterine secretion of control rabbits treated with estradiol. 2.
      This progesterone dependent factor is shown by gel filtration and polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis to be identical with the uterus specific protein uteroglobin,
      which seems to be required during the preimplantation phase. Uteroglobin specific
      antiserum, prepared in guinea pigs, completely inhibits the progesterone binding
      activity of the proteins of the uterine fluid. 3. Progesterone binding to
      uteroglobin is dependent upon millimolar concentrations of dithioerythritol. At
      saturation, one molecule of progesterone binds per uteroglobin molecule and the
      apparent association constant is 2 x 10-6 M-1 at 0 degrees C. 4. The progesterone
      binding species of uteroglobin exhibits a molecular weight of around 12 000 on
      polyacrylamide gels containing dodecylsulfate, and of 15 000 upon gel filtration,
      indicating a non-globular shape. This molecule is compased of two subunits of
      similar molecular size which are held together by a disulfide bridge among other
      forces.

PMID- 165838
TI  - Effect of decapitation and ACTH on somatic development of the rabbit fetus.
AB  - Rabbit fetuses were decapitated, injected with ACTH or decapitated and injected
      with ACTH on day 24 of gestation. On day 29 the body weight and weight of the
      interscapular fat pad were compared with those of littermates. The weight, total
      DNA and weight/DNA ratio of the liver, heart and kidney were measured in
      experimental and control fetuses. A comparison was made between decapitated and
      control fetuses of the length of the hind limb bones and number of ossified
      vertebrae. The body weight of the decapitated or ACTH-injected fetus ranked
      significantly below the mean for the litter, but decapitated fetuses injected
      with ACTH ranked close to the litter mean. The growth retardation of the
      decapitated fetus was not manifest in the kidneys which were heavier and had a
      greater number of cells than normal, nor in the cell size of the heart, liver or
      kidneys which were equal to those of the heaviest fetus in the litter.
      Decapitation had no specific effect on ossification. Growth retardation of the
      ACTH-injected fetus was mirrored by different patterns of DNA and weight/DNA
      reduction in the three organs studied. Decapitation retards growth in body weight
      of the fetal rabbit which may be corrected by ACTH. It is concluded that the
      hypophyseal-adrenal axis plays a role in the control of normal fetal growth but
      that excess secretion of glucocorticoids results in stunting.

PMID- 165839
TI  - Protein structure and the molecular evolution of biological energy conversion.

PMID- 165840
TI  - [Metabolism of individual phospholipid fractions in the brains of rats during
      thiopental sleep and phenamine excitation].

PMID- 165841
TI  - [The effect of adenosine-3',5'-cyclophosphate on the development of sea urchin
      embryos].

PMID- 165842
TI  - The factors controlling stem cell recirculation. II. ACTH-induced inhibition of
      migration of hemopoietic stem cells.
AB  - Injections of ACTH of prolonged action (twice 1.5 units per mouse) given to
      lethally (800 R) irradiated mice with a hind limb shielded to the middle of the
      tibia brought about a twofold decrease in the number of spleen colonies. ACTH
      injections after sublethal whole-body irradiation (600 R) did not affect the
      number of endogenous spleen colonies. ACTH injection of normal mice brought about
      a substantial decrease in the CFU content in the circulating blood at the time of
      increased 11-hydroxycorticosteroid concentrations in the plasma. The results
      obtained are interpreted as inhibition of CFU migration from a shielded area of
      bone marrow induced by a high 11-hydroxycorticosteroid content in the plasma that
      followed ACTH injections which had no mitostatic effect on CFU proliferation.

PMID- 165843
TI  - In vitro uptake of labeled androgens by prostate tissue in the presence of
      dieldrin.

PMID- 165844
TI  - Noradrenaline and motor transmission in the vas deferens of the mouse.
AB  - 1. A comprehensive investigation of the innervation of the vas deferens of the
      mouse was made using pharmacological, histochemical and electronmicroscopical
      techniques. 2. Guanethidine inhibited the response of the vas to transmural
      stimulation and potentiated the response to noradrenaline (NA). Phentolamine
      abolished responses to NA and to transmural stimulation. 3. After chemical
      sympathectomy degenerative changes were seen in presumptive noradrenergic axons;
      histochemical fluorescence due to catecholamines was absent. The vas failed to
      respond to transmural stimulation, and a 10-fold increase in sensitivity of the
      vas to exogenous NA was observed. 4. NA is shown to diffuse slowly through this
      tissue whose muscle cells are densely packed. This is disscussed in relation to
      the apparent "insensitivity" of the vas to exogenous NA. 5. A cholinergic
      component was identified histochemically which did not contribute significantly
      to the motor response of the vas as chemical sympathectomy abolished completely
      the motor response elicited by transmural stimulation. 6. It is concluded that NA
      is the motor trnasmitter for the smooth muscle of the vas deferens of the mouse.

PMID- 165845
TI  - Nicotine-induced stimulation of steroidogenesis in adrenocortical cells of the
      cat.
AB  - 1. The effect of nicotine on steroid production and release from trypsin
      dispersed cat adrenocortical cells was investigated. 2. Nicotine, like
      adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), elicited a dose-dependent increase in
      steroidogenesis, which depended upon the presence of calcium in the medium. 3.
      Augmented steroid production evoked by submaximal concentrations of ACTH
      monobutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (AMP), or prostaglandin E2 was
      further enhanced by steroidogenic concentrations of nicotine. 4. These results
      are discussed in relation to the possible mode of action of nicotine on cortical
      cells and to the potential consequences of smoking during stress.

PMID- 165846
TI  - Role of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the isoprenaline-induced
      relaxation of the oestrogen dominated rabbit uterus.
AB  - 1. The role of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the
      relaxation produced by isoprenaline in muscle strips from the oestrogen dominated
      rabbit uterus has been investigated. 2. Isoprenaline 2 times 10- minus 8 M
      produced an inhibition of the mechanical activity but no increase in cyclic AMP.
      Isoprenaline 2 times 10- minus 6 M produced both inhibition of mechanical
      activity and increase in cyclic AMP. 3. The increase in cyclic AMP, but not the
      inhibition of mechanical activity, was blocked by propranolol 3.4 X 10-MINUS 6 M.
      4. Dibutyryl-ccylic AMP produced a relaxation which mimicked that produced by
      isoprenaline, in that the longitudinal strips were more sensitive than the
      circular ones. 5. It is concluded that cyclic AMP may be a mediator of the beta
      adrenergic effect in the oestrogen dominated rabbit myometrium. However, it seems
      not to be an obligatory link between stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors and
      relaxation. Other mechanisms may also exist.

PMID- 165847
TI  - Tetramethylenedisulphotetramine: an inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid induced
      depolarization of the isolated superior cervical ganglion of the rat.
AB  - Tetramethylenedisulphotetramine (TETS), a potent convulsant, antagonized the
      depolarizing action gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the isolated superior
      cervical ganglion of the rat. No antagonism of responses to the cholinomimetic
      agent carbachol was observed. TETS appeared to act in a non-competitive manner
      and was reversible. Its activity profile was comparable to that of bicuculline in
      the same tissue except that the latter appears to act in a competitive manner.

PMID- 165848
TI  - Actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on ganglionic transmission and ganglion
      cell excitability.

PMID- 165849
TI  - The effect of dopamine receptor stimulants on locomotor activity and cyclic AMP
      levels in the rat striatum.

PMID- 165851
TI  - Carcinoma of the large bowel in the Sudan.
AB  - Large bowel cancer is not common but is showing increased frequency in the
      northern part of the Sudan. It is relatively uncommon among southerners, which
      may be due to the socio-economic factors prevailing in the Sudan. The disease
      affected our population at a younger age than has been generally reported in the
      literature, and the lesions in nearly 30 per cent were of the mucoid and
      undifferentiated types. The incidence in young adults is difficult to explain in
      the absence of precancerous lesions, and there is not enough evidence to
      incriminate parasitic infestation.

PMID- 165850
TI  - Colours experienced in dreams.
AB  - Colours seen in dreams by six observers were recorded from memory and plotted on
      a CIE u, v, chromaticity diagram. Only about half the dreams recorded contained
      colour, and in those in which colour appeared the more saturated purples, blues
      and blue greens were absent. It is suggested that during achromatic dreams the
      areas of the visual cortex which seem to respond only to colour may be
      inoperative. The paucity of blue in dreams could be anatomically related to the
      small population of blue units in the colour areas of the cortex.

PMID- 165852
TI  - Possible parathyroid origin of gastrin in a patient with multiple endocrine
      adenopathy type I.
AB  - After removal of two large pancreactic insulinomas, although the presenting
      spontaneous hypoglycaemia was eliminated, severe and persisting haematemesis and
      melaena supervened with a rise in serum gastrin. The patient had multiple
      endocrine adenopathy (pituitary, parathyroids and islet cells), but no evidence
      of a pancreatic gastrin-producing tumour. After emergency gastric operation for
      the bleeding, the serum gastrin remained high until the hypercalcaemia and
      hyperparathyroidism had been corrected by subtotal parathyroidectomy.
      Immunofluorescence studies showed gastrin in the parathyroid tissue.

PMID- 165853
TI  - Neuropathy in latent hereditary hepatic porphyria.
AB  - Peripheral nerve conduction velocoties were measured in 20 patients with acute
      intermittent porphyria and five with variegate porphyria and in 25 controls
      matched for age and sex. None of the porphyric patients had acute symptoms on
      examination, and nine had never had symptoms. Compared with the controls,
      patients had a significantly slower conduction velocity of the slower motor
      fibres of the ulnar nerve (P less than 0-001) and a slower sensory conduction
      velocity of the ulnar and median nerves (P less than 0-05). There was no
      significant difference between the patients and controls in the maximum motor
      conductionvelocity of the median, ulnar, deep peroneal, or posterior tibial
      nerves. Slight peripheral neuropathy seems to be associated with latent
      hereditary hepatic porphyria, even in patients who have never had symptoms.

PMID- 165854
TI  - Methodichlorophen as anti-tumor drug.
AB  - Methodichlorophen was given to 26 patients with terminal malignant disease. Eight
      patients received adequate doses, and five of them showed objective evidence of
      tumour regression while three failed to respond. Those who responded included
      four out of five patients with lung cancer (three with squamous-cell carcinoma
      and one with oat-cell carcinoma) and a patient with hypernephroma. Two patients
      with testicular teratomas and one with acute myeloid leukemia failed to respond.
      The drug may be given safely by mouth to outpatients if certain precautions are
      taken.

PMID- 165855
TI  - Peripheral neuropathy and indomethacin.
AB  - A patient with seronegative inflammatory polyarthritis developed a predominantly
      motorperipheral neuropathy associated with the use of indomethacin. Three other
      cases of peripheral neuropathy associated with indomethacin treatment have been
      reported to the Committee on Safety of Medicines. In all cases the neuropathy
      regressed when indomethacinwas stopped. Peripheral neuropathy should be
      recognized as a rare complication of indomethacin therapy and considered in the
      differential diagnosis of a neuropathy accompanyingrheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 165856
TI  - Letter: Sand pneumoconiosis in an egyptian mummy.

PMID- 165857
TI  - Actions of vitamins D2 and D3 and 25-OHD3 in anticonvulsant osteomalacia.
AB  - In 54 epileptic outpatients treated for at least one year with anticonvulsants
      the bone mineral content (B.M.C.), an estimate of total body calcium, and serum
      calcium were measured before and during treatment with three doses of
      cholecalciferol (vitamin D3; 200, 100, and 50 mu-g daily) and 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3; 40, 20, and 10 mu-g daily) for 12 weeks. The
      results, when compared with the effects of calciferol (vitamin D2; 200, 100, and
      50 mu-g daily) in 40 epileptic outpatients, showed different actions in
      anticonvulsant osteomalacia of vitamin D2 on the one hand and vitamin D3 and 25
      OHD3 on the other. In the patients who received vitamin D2 an increase in B.M.C.
      was found whereas serum calcium was unchanged. The patients who received vitamin
      D3 or 25-OHD3 showed an increase in serum calcium but unchanged values of B.M.C.
      The results suggest that liver enzyme induction cannot alone explain
      anticonvulsant osteomalacia.

PMID- 165858
TI  - Severe peripheral neuropathy after mandrax overdose.

PMID- 165859
TI  - Editorial: Miracle cures in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 165860
TI  - Value of Papanicolaou-stained smears in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis,
      candidiasis, and cervical herpes simplex virus infection in women.
AB  - In the diagnosis of trichomoniasis Papanicolaou-stained cervical smears gave
      marginally better results than cultures of vaginal secretion; stained cervical
      smears and wet films of vaginal material gave similar results. Culture of vaginal
      secretion on Sabouraud's medium gave the best results in the diagnosis of
      candidiasis; Papanicolaou-stained smears gave significantly fewer positive
      results than either cultures or Gram-stained vaginal smears. Papanicolaou-stained
      smears were reported as positive in only two of five patients with cervical
      herpes simplex virus infection. It is concluded that Papanicolaou smears are as
      good as wet films or cultures in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis but cannot be
      relied on for the diagnosis of candidiasis, or for detecting herpes simplex virus
      infection.

PMID- 165861
TI  - Genital yeasts in female patients attending a VD clinic.
AB  - A study of 552 female patients was undertaken to determine the frequency of yeast
      infections in women attending a V.D. clinic. The findings were as follows: (1)
      207 of the 552 (37.5 per cent.) were found to have yeasts. (2) C. albicans
      accounted for 86 per cent. of these yeasts. (3) There was no difference in
      incidence related to age or seasonal variation. (4) Oral contraceptives increased
      the incidence of yeasts (43.2 per cent. on "the pill"; 33.2 per cent. not on the
      pill"), but the incidence of Trichomonas was decreased (6.8 per cent. on "the
      pill", 19.3 per cent. not on "the pill"). (5) Previous antibiotics also
      contributed to the incidence; 23.2 per cent. of patients with yeasts had had
      antibiotics previously compared with 13.6 per cent. of those without yeasts. (6)
      Other infections were associated in seventy cases (33.8 per cent.). (7) Culture
      is essential for the detection of yeasts; 64 per cent. were positive only on
      culture. (8) Symptoms were present in 70 per cent. of patients with yeasts. (9)
      93 male consorts were seen and in 31 (33 per cent.) yeasts were detected by
      smear, or culture. Of the 47 in whom cultures were examined, 23 (49 per cent.)
      were positive. The general factors affecting the incidence of yeasts are
      discussed as well as the differentiation of the saprophytic from the pathogenic
      role of yeasts. It is suggested that asymptomatic yeast infections are often best
      treated, but that each case should be considered individually. Male consorts
      should also be treated to prevent re-infection.

PMID- 165862
TI  - Neutral red with photoinactivation in the treatment of herpes genitalis.
AB  - A clinical trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of neutral red
      photodynamic inactivation treatment of genital herpes infections with that of a
      non-photoactive dye, phenol red, as a control. In a series of nineteen patients
      with virologically proven herpes genitalis who were adequately followed, eleven
      were treated with neutral red, and eight with phenol red; no difference in
      response to therapy was found between the two groups, and it is concluded that
      under the conditions of this trial neutral red with photoinactivation was not
      effective in the treatment of acute genital herpes infections. Approximately 75
      per cent. of those with vulval lesions also had concurrent cervical infection, so
      that an effective topical treatment would need to be applicable to both
      anatomical sites.

PMID- 165864
TI  - Changes in activity of phosphodiesterase of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate
      and cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate during larval development of locust
      Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) (Orthoptera).

PMID- 165863
TI  - Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) of the oral cavity.
AB  - A female patient suffering from donovanosis of the oral cavity without associated
      lesions elsewhere is reported. The importance of remembering donovanosis in the
      differential diagnosis of chronic granulomatous ulceration of the mouth is
      emphasized.

PMID- 165865
TI  - Single agent versus combination chemotherapy.

PMID- 165866
TI  - Do viruses cause cancer in man?

PMID- 165867
TI  - Effect of withdrawal from chronic ethanol ingestion on the cAMP response of
      cerebral cortical slices using the agonists histamine, serotonin, and other
      neurotransmitters.
AB  - The effect of ethanol withdrawal on the cAMP response of cerebral cortical brain
      slices was studied. The cAMP response was evoked in vitro by various
      neurotransmitters including norepinephrine (NE), histamine, serotonin, dopamine,
      acetylcholine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The cAMP response to NE and
      histamine was enhanced by ethanol withdrawal. Serotonin evoked a cAMP response in
      the brain slices from ethanol-withdrawal rats but not in pair-fed controls. The
      histamine and serotonin evoked responses were blocked by chlortripolon and
      methysergide, respectively. The responses to histamine and serotonin were also
      blocked by alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists, possibly because of the
      nonspecific membrane stablizing effect of these antagonists. GABA inhibited the
      NE stimulated cAMP response possibly through the hyperpolarizing action of GABA.
      The results support the hypothesis that ethanol withdrawal induces a nonspecific
      postjunctional supersensitivity. It is postulated that the supersensitivity
      involves a partial depolarization of the receptor membrane. Alternative
      hypotheses are reviewed.

PMID- 165868
TI  - Presynaptic effect of the aziridinium ion of acetylcholine mustard (methyl-2
      acetoxyethyl-2'-chloroethylamine) on the phrenic nerve--rat diaphragm
      preparation.
AB  - The rat diaphragm has been used to investigate the neuromuscular blocking action
      of acetylcholine mustard which yields a potent nicotinic agonist, an aziridinium
      ion, in aqueous medium. Evidence was obtained that the acetylcholine mustard
      aziridinium ion impaired neuromuscular activity when the phrenic nerve was
      stimulated and that the ion did not directly inhibit muscle contraction.
      Impairment of neuromuscular activity was characterized by a latent period and
      depended both on the concentration of aziridinium ion and the frequency of
      stimulation of the phrenic nerve. Elevated concentrations of Ca-2+ and choline
      changed the response of the rat diaphragm to the aziridinium ion, the former
      increasing the rate of development of neuromuscular block and the latter
      protecting against neuromuscular block. These results indicated that the
      aziridinium ion may act either at the site of choline uptake or have an effect on
      acetylcholine synthesis in the nerve ending and that impairment of neuromuscular
      transmission in the rat diaphragm involved the availability of acetylcholine.
      Similar results were obtained with acetylcholine mustard aziridinium ion
      subjected to alkaline hydrolysis. This substance is thought to be choline mustard
      aziridinium ion. Although difficult to prove with the rat diaphragm it is
      possible that acetylcholinesterase of this preparation could hydrolyze
      acetylcholine mustard aziridinium ion at the neurotransmitter site and the
      resultant choline mustard aziridinium ion would interfere with the uptake of
      choline and eventually prevent neuromuscular transmission. This hemicholinium
      like hypothesis for the mechanism of action of choline mustard aziridinium ion is
      compatible with reported date for toxicity of acetylcholine mustard aziridinium
      ion in the mouse.

PMID- 165869
TI  - Cellular hypersensitivity to basic myelin (P2) protein in the Guillain-Barre
      syndrome.
AB  - Lymphocytes of 29 subjects were assayed for MIF production in response to P2
      peripheral nerve protein, crude human peripheral nerve and human central nervous
      system Al basic myelin protein. Seven were performed in normal control subjects,
      12 in Guillain-Barre patients (GB), 5 with other polyneuropathies and 5 in
      patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Only GB patients with acute illness
      produced MIF in response to neuritogenic P2 protein and crude human nerve. Two MS
      patients in the acute phase of an exacerbation and one GB patient produced MIF in
      Response to Al protein. The results of this study demonstrate cellular
      hypersensitivity to a neuritogenic consituent in peripheral nervous tissue and
      support the concept that this may be important in the pathogenesis of GB.

PMID- 165870
TI  - Neurophysiological changes following spinal cord lesions in man.
AB  - A study has been made of the neurophysiological changes that follow spinal cord
      lesions in man. The Achilles tendon reflex (ATR) is used to estimate transmission
      in the Ia monosynaptic pathway, and the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) to estimate
      transmission in the Ia polysynaptic pathway to motoneurons. The inhibition of the
      H reflex by vibration is used as an estimate of presynaptic inhibition of the Ia
      monosynaptic pathway. Immediately following a complete lesion of the spinal cord
      presynaptic inhibition of the Ia monosynaptic pathway appears to be greatly
      increased. This enhanced inihibition may last several months but it eventually
      declines and in some instances becomes less than normal. Transmission in the Ia
      polysynaptic pathway is permanently abolished by a complete spinal lesion. A
      hypothesis is developed from these findings to explain the evolution of some of
      the clinical features that follow complete spinal lesions in man. Distinct
      differences are observed when the spinal lesion is incomplete. Transmission in
      the Ia polysynaptic pathway may be preserved and there may be no increase in
      presynaptic inhibition. These differences may depend upon the integrity of
      certain spinal long tracts which cannot be tested clinically.

PMID- 165871
TI  - Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in external otitis.

PMID- 165873
TI  - Some factors influencing the microtest method for neutralizing antibodies to the
      virus for neutralizing antibodies to the virus of infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis.

PMID- 165872
TI  - Respiratory virus infections in children hospitalized in Montreal, 1968 - 1972.

PMID- 165874
TI  - Virology of prostatic cancer.

PMID- 165876
TI  - Nucleolar phosphoproteins of normal rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma ascites
      cells.
AB  - The nucleolar acid-soluble proteins from normal rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma
      ascites cells were labeled in vivo for 2 hr after the injection of
      [32P]orthophosphate and in vitro with [gamma-32P]adenosine triphosphate in
      systems containing 0.25 M sucrose, 5 mM MgCl2, 12.5 mM NaCl, and 0.05 M Tris-HCl
      buffer, pH 7.3, AT 37 DEGREES. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and autoradiography showed that approximately 40 and 20 protein spots were
      labeled in vivo and in vitro, respectively. There were some marked differences in
      labeling in vivo between normal rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma acid-soluble
      nucleolar proteins. By 32P analysis of gel slices, the proportion of the total
      32P incorporated into protein Spot A1-4 was greater in normal liver, and the
      proportion of 32P incorporated into some high-molecular-weight protein spots,
      such C23-24 and C26-27, was greater in the Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells. With
      the in vitro incubation system, the 32P uptake per mg protein was about twice as
      high in Novikoff hepatoma nucleolar proteins as in normal rat liver nucleolar
      proteins but, generally, the same proteins were labeled in both tissues.

PMID- 165875
TI  - General discussion: Etiology and prevention of prostatic cancer.

PMID- 165877
TI  - Sulfhydryl group quantitation of hepatoma and liver microsomal fractions.
AB  - The relationship of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups to protein synthesis in
      normal and rapidly growing tissues was investigated by quantitation of sulfhydryl
      groups in endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes of normal liver and hepatomas.
      Stripping by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and potassium chloride of normal liver
      smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum reduced by 15 percent and increased 30
      percent, respectively, the sulfhydryl groups available for carboxamidemethylation
      by iodoacetamide. This could reflect the removal of ribosomes from rough
      endoplasmic reticulum with the subsequent exposure of sulfhydryl groups. Exposed
      sulfhydryl groups of normal mature female rat liver smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      were decreased to a similar degree by the stripping procedure with
      ethylenediaminetetra-acetate and potassium chloride when quantitated by either
      iodoacetamide or 4,4'-dithiodipyridine. This was not the case in young male and
      female rats, where the stripping procedure failed to decrease the exposed
      sulfhydryl groups of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. An increase in the quantity of
      exposed sulfhydryl groups of normal young and mature rat liver rough endoplasmic
      reticulum after stripping by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and potassium chloride
      was observed with iodoacetamide. However, when 4,4'-dithiodipyridine was used, no
      change could be detected. The hypothesis that smooth endoplasmic reticulum arises
      by degranulation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in vivo is not supported by
      our sulfhydryl group quantitation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in vitro
      degranulated rough endoplasmic reticulum. A negative correlation between exposed
      sulfhydryl groups on the polyribosomes and the rate of growth of normal liver and
      of Morris hepatomas 6 and 38B suggests that the conformation of the free
      polyribosomal proteins could be a control factor for the rate of protein
      synthesis. Faster growing hepatomas also have greater quantities of sulfhydryls
      and disulfides.

PMID- 165878
TI  - Regulation of growth of mouse mastocytoma cells.
AB  - N6,O2'-Dibutyryladenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate plus theophylline inhibited the
      growth of the mouse mast cell tumor line PY 815 both in vivo and in vitro. The
      inhibitory effect on growth in vitro was rapidly reversed following removal of
      the drugs. Growth inhibition was accompanied by reduced cell surface activity and
      increased cell-cell adhesion. The drug-treated cells accumulated distinct
      membrane-bound granules, which are characteristic of more mature mast cells.
      Treated cells also developed increased amounts of surface-associated acidic
      mucopolysaccharides. These results suggest that increased intracellular cyclic
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate causes mouse mastocytoma cells to decrease growth
      and elicits the expression of a more differentiated mast cell phenotype. The
      effect of the antileukemia drug, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidine,
      on cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate in
      mastocytoma cells is also reported.

PMID- 165879
TI  - Independence of sialic acid levels in normal and malignant growth.
AB  - Sialic acid content in breast or tumor tissue and serum of mouse strains that are
      either susceptible or resistant to breast cancer was measured at various age
      periods. Sialic acid content was also studied in normal lung tissue and in lung
      adenoma and hepatoma. Sialic acid levels during nonmalignant growth of a tissue
      were measured in breast tissue during pregnancy and lactation, and in
      regenerating liver, as well as in newborn and postnatal liver. The sialic acid
      content, when expressed per mg of protein, increased in mammary tumor, lung
      adenoma, and hepatoma. It also increased in nonmalignant growth of breast tissue
      during pregnancy and lactation and of regenerating liver and postnatal liver.
      Increase in sialic acid per mg DNA was observed only in lung tumors, regenerating
      liver, and postnatal liver. It appears that the changes in sialic acid level are
      independent of the normal or malignant growth of a tissue and that these changes
      might be the function of the parameter used to express the sialic acid values,
      i.e., either the DNA content or protein content of a given tissue.

PMID- 165880
TI  - Transcription of the repetitive DNA sequences in polyoma-transformed and
      nontransformed mouse cells in culture.
AB  - RNA-DNA saturation hybridization experiments were used to estimate the extent of
      transcription of repetitive DNA sequences in polyoma-transformed and
      nontransformed mouse cells in culture. Measurements were made with RNA from
      nontransformed cells in both the subconfluent and confluent stages of growth,
      transformed cells in normal growth medium, and transformed cells grown in medium
      containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine, 3 mu-g/ml, a treatment which reduces their
      tumorigenic potential. No differences were observed in the amount of repetitive 
      DNA transcribed or in the families of sequences expressed, except in transformed
      cells grown in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine, in which case the extent of
      transcription was reduced.

PMID- 165881
TI  - Neoplastic response of the avian liver to host infection with strain Mc29
      leukosis verus.
AB  - Studies were made on the oncogenic response of 3086 young chicks to i.v.
      inoculation of MC29 avian leukosis virus from blood plasma of previous-passage
      birds or the supernatant fluid of cultures of chick embryo cells infected with
      strain MC29. Among the large variety of neoplasms of other tissues previously
      described, there occurred a high incidence of primary growths of the liver.
      Pathomorphology of the growths frequently differed greatly in both different
      hosts and the same bird, but some uniformity of the types of neoplasms was
      evident in many animals. Despite much variation in histopathology, the large
      proportion of growths could be grouped in several distinctive categories.
      Examinations by light and electron microscopy provided evidence of derivation of
      the tumors by alteration of hepatocytes originating principally in the portal
      regions as indicated by forms transitional from the parenchymal cells to the
      cells of the different types of growths. Neoplastic aspects of the growths were
      evident by infiltration and invasion of adjacent tissues, penetration of blood
      vessels, transplantability to other avian hosts (described in another report),
      and metastasis to distant organs including the lung, kidney, and spleen. There
      was no evidence of tumors arising from the biliary system, and growths of cells
      resembling the biliary type could be traced to altered hepatocytes. None of the
      findings suggested conversion of biliary-type cells to hepatocytes. Continued
      growth resulted in anaplastic and metaplastic changes in cell morphology and
      structural organization and in the formation of cartilage, osteoid, and sarcoma
      like spindle-cell tumors of probable epithelial origin. Development of the
      growths wasnot associated with cirrhosis, and necrosis was limited to infrequent
      disseminated, essentially unicellular changes or necrobiosis of small groups of
      cells. The marked variations in the type of virus-induced growths demonstrated
      the remarkable capacity of cells morphologically inidistinguishable from the
      hepatocytes for the most diverse alterations in cell structure and tissue
      organization. This neoplastic response of hepatocytes to the MC29 strain
      constitutes the only demonstration thus far of the specific hepatocarcinogenic
      activity of an avian tumor virus.

PMID- 165882
TI  - Alteration of hepatocytes by subcarcinogenic exposure to n-2-fluorenylacetamide.
AB  - These experiments examined the effects of a single, subcarcinogenic dose of
      dimethylnitrosamine or N-hydroxyfluorenylacetamide when administered after a
      subcarcinogenic dietary regimen of N-2-fluorenylacetamide. Control rats that
      received either carcinogen diet alone or a single dose of carcinogen demonstrated
      neither hepatic nodules nor hepatocellular carcinomas. Those animals that
      received dimethylnitrosamine subsequent to carcinogen diet demonstrated many
      persistent hepatic nodules and 100% hepato-cellular carcinomas. These data
      support the concept that the nodules produced by subcarcinogenic ingestion of N-2
      fluorenylacetamide are not composed simply of normal hepatocytes undergoing
      compensatory regeneration but consist of cells that have been altered by the
      carcinogen. One manifestation of this alteration is an increased susceptibility
      to further carcinogenic evolution.

PMID- 165883
TI  - The steroid alcohol and estrogen sulfotransferases in rodent and human mammary
      tumors.
AB  - Rodent and human mammary tumor systems were investigated to relate the steroid
      alcohol and estrogen sulfotransferase activities to the hormoanl dependency of
      the tumor as determined by estrogen receptor content. Unlike the normal mammary
      gland or the hyperplastic alveolar nodule, rodent mammary neoplasms displayed
      significant levels of these two sulfotransferases. In the hormone-independent
      mouse tumors produced from out-growth lines D1, D2, and D8, high
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase activity was characteristic of the
      rapidity with which hyperplastic alveolar nodules developed into a neoplasms (V
      max = 52.8 versus 1.8 fmoles/min/mg protein) while estrone sulfotransferase
      activity was either not detectable or low (V-max = 5.5 fmoles). After
      oophorectomy of mice bearing slowly developing tumors, both sulfotransferases in
      the nonregressing neoplasms showed marked increases in activity (V-max
      dehydroepiandrosterone = 30.0 fmoles; V-max estrone = 18.5 fmoles). Strain
      differences not the estrogen receptor content of hormone-dependent rat mammary
      tumors. In Wistar-Lewis rats the steroid alcohol sulfotransferase activity was at
      least 35 times higher than in the Sprague-Dawley strain. As was observed in the
      mouse mammary tumor, Sprague-Dawley rat neoplasms that grew in the absence of
      ovarian hormones contained significantly greater levels of the steroid alcohol
      sulfotransferase. Possible correlaion between presence of the steroid alcohol
      sulfotransferase and the estrogen receptor protein was observed in a limited
      number of human breast carcinomas.

PMID- 165885
TI  - Development of a 3T3-like line from an embryo culture of an inbred strain of
      Syrian golden hamster.
AB  - An embryo culture of an inbred strain of Syrian hamster developed into a
      permanent cell line under the "3T3" 3 X 10-5 cells/60-mm dish. The resulting cell
      line had properties very similar to those of the mouse 3T3 series and was named
      HAMS 3T3. The cell showed density-dependent inhibition of division with a
      saturation density of 1.0 to 1.2 x 10-6 cells/60-mm dish or 4.5 to 5.5 x 10-4
      cells/sq cm. Addition of fresh medium containing 5 or 10% fetal calf serum to a
      confluent culture induced DNA synthesis in 18 hr with subsequent cell division.
      Cells were hyperdiploid with a mode of 45 chromosomes (80% of the cells). When
      cells at the 60th passage were injected into the skin or cheek pouch of an inbred
      hamster of the same strain as that from which they were derived, they produced a
      benign tumor that regressed after 3 weeks. Morphological transformation was
      obtained by infection with the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma virus.

PMID- 165884
TI  - Kinase and deaminase activity in a variety of subcutaneous mouse tumors.
AB  - Extracts of solid mouse tumors were examined for deoxycytidine kinase and
      deaminase activities. 1beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine nucleotide was formed at a
      rate of 45 nmoles/hr by Glioma 26/57 and only 14 nmoles/hr by Ridgway osteogenic
      sarcoma. Deaminase activity was highest in Lewis lung (114 nmoles of 1-Beta-D
      arabinofurano-syluridine formed per hr) and in CaD2 (104 nmoles of u-beta-D
      arabinofuranosyluridine formed per hr). Deaminase activity in tumor extracts is
      sensitive to freezing, while deaminase activity in monkey serum is not. It was
      observed that kinase activity varies by as much as 50% in different cell lines of
      the same tumor. In the presence of tetrahydrouridine, kinase activity was
      significantly increased in most of the tumors studied.

PMID- 165886
TI  - Amino acid and sugar transport incells permissively infected with simian virus
      40.
AB  - Transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and 2-deoxy-D-glucose in African green
      monkey kidney cells was measured 8 to 100 hr following permissive simian virus 40
      infection. No differences in transport were detected during the time-period
      studies, and no significant differences were seen between the apparent Michaelis
      Menten constants of normal and virally infected cells. The absence of transport
      enhancement in permissive simian virus 40 infection suggests that the augmented
      transport of viral-transformed cell lines devolves upon altered host genome
      function.

PMID- 165887
TI  - 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone-binding proteins and androgen sensitivity in prostatic
      cancers of Copenhangen rats.
AB  - A line (R-3327-A) of androgen-insensitive squamous cell carcinomas of the
      prostate of Copenhagen rats has been derived from an established line (R-3327) of
      androgen-responsive tumors R-3327 A tummors have a growth rate of approximately
      10 times that of R-3327. The response of R=3327 A to hormonal environment has
      been determined by measuring the growth rate of the tumor transplanted to males,
      females, and castrated males. No great differences were observed. The metabolism
      of testosterone by tumore samples was studied following s.c. injections of the
      labeled steroid. The results show very little 5alpha-reduction of testosterone
      compared with that obtained in the prostate gland itself, as well as in the
      androgen-sensitive R-3327 tumors. A comparison of the presence of 17beta-hydroxy
      5alpha-androstan-3-one-binding proteins in cytoplasmic extracts from both lines
      of tumors shows that the receptor proteins are present only in the androgen
      sensitive R-3327 and not in the androgen-insensitive R-3327 A. The levels of the
      receptor proteins in R-3327 tumors are higher in tumors borne by male than by
      female animals, and castration of males decreases the amount of 17beta-hydroxy
      5alpha-androstan-3-one binding.

PMID- 165888
TI  - Virion-associated and cellular RNA methylase activity in normal and neoplastic
      mammary tissue from mammary tumor virus-infected and -uninfected mice.
AB  - A comparison of cellular RNA methylase activities and patterns between normal and
      neoplastic mouse mammary tissue indicated the following. The rna methylases of
      mammary tumor tissue extracts are qualitatively different from those of normal
      lactating mammary tissue, based on differences in extent of methylation; the
      normal lactating tissue extracts have a greater capacity of methylate RNA than do
      the tumor extracts studied to date. There is no correlation between capacity and
      either the malignant state or the etiological agent. There is a qualitative
      effect on methylation patterns attributable to the presence of virus. Finally,
      both the etiological agent, mouse mammary tumor virus, and its putative
      nucleoprotein core, intracytoplasmic A particles, have a N-2-guanine RNA
      methyltransferase integrally associated with them. These conclusions are
      consistent with the aberrant nucleic acid methylation hypothesis, with the
      reservation that aberrant does not imply hypermethylation.

PMID- 165889
TI  - In vitro transformation of hamster cells by herpes simplex virus type 2 from
      human prostatic cancer cells.
AB  - A cell-associated herpes simplex virus type 2 found in a human prostatic
      carcinoma induced in vitro transformation of hamster embryo cells. The
      transformed cells (YW-74) have been shown to be hamster cells by karyotype
      analysis. Their epithelial morphology and growth pattern, which are different
      from the parental cell, have remained stable through cell passages. The presence
      of herpesvirus antigens in the transformed cells was determined by specific
      immunofluorescence and colony inhibition tests. Immunofluorescence staining with
      specific anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 serum showed an intense and distinctive
      nuclear and perinuclear fluorescence in about 95% of the transformed cells. In
      addition, exposure of these transformed cells to herpes simplex virus type 2
      sensitized lymphocytes resulted in inhibition of growth and colony formation,
      while no effect was seen with nonsensitized lymphocytes. Both observations are
      consistent with the involvement of herpesvirus type 2 in the transformation
      event. This virus, which does not produce a lytic infection and is not found
      either in extracellular spaces or supernatant fluid of the transformed cell
      cultures, is unique in the fact that it is cell associated, noncytopathogenic,
      and capable of transforming cells in vitro, and its antigens are clearly
      demonstrated in the transformed cells.

PMID- 165890
TI  - Uncertainties in the use of periodate oxidation for determination of dextran
      structure.
AB  - A glucan of high molecular weight isolated from stale sugar-cane, and previously
      shown to have a marked effect on sucrose crystallisation processes-1, is a
      relatively linear dextran. Approximately 96-97% of its D-glucose residues are
      involved in (1 yields 6)-alpha-D linkages and constitute the linear backbone of
      the polymer. The remaining 3-4% of D-glucose residues form branch-points by (1
      yields 3)-alpha-D linkages. The periodate-oxidation technique, which has been
      extensively used by other workers to determine dextran structure, gave erroneous
      results when applied to the dextran from stale sugar-cane.

PMID- 165891
TI  - The structure of the chemical repeating-unit of the O-specific polysaccharide
      chain of Shigella boydii 6 lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 165892
TI  - Identification of the internal acetal 5-acetamido-2,7-anhydro-3,5-dideoxy-D
      glycero-D-galacto-nonulopyranose.

PMID- 165893
TI  - Reaction of the D-ribose moiety of adenosine and AMP with periodate and 5,5
      dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (dimedone).

PMID- 165894
TI  - The effects of gadolinium ions on the proton spin-lattice relaxation-rates of
      sugars in aqueous solution.

PMID- 165895
TI  - [The effect of muscle activity on the regulation of metabolism with regard to the
      prevention of civilisation diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 165897
TI  - The fine structure of the epidermis of two species of salmonid fish, the Atlantic
      salmon (Salmo salar l.) and the brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). I. General
      organization and filament-containing cells.
AB  - The fine structure of the epidermis or two species of salmonid fish has been
      described. Gross characteristics have been noted along with many apparent
      differences in the epidermis of different body regions of the fish. The major
      cell type is the filament-containing cell and this has been described in detail.
      The major inclusions of the cell are the tonofilaments. Differences in basal, mid
      epidermal and periphal filament-c0ntaingcells have been characterized.
      Comparisons of fish epidermis with that of other vertebrates has been made.

PMID- 165896
TI  - The fine structure of the oocyte of bankia australis (teredinidae, bivalvia)
      before and after fertilization.
AB  - The fine structure of the oocyte of Bankia australis is compared with that of
      other bivalve oocytes. It was observed that following fertilization, the
      microvilli changed their spatial organisation and behaviour towards sperm, the
      cortical granules disappeared in regions of high concentrations of supernumerary
      sperm, and the mitochondria apparently stated to divide.

PMID- 165898
TI  - Morphological changes in cultured mammalian cells: prevention by the calcium
      ionophore A23187.
AB  - The morphological changes induced by butyrate in HeLa cells and by monobutyryl or
      dibutyryl cAMP in CHO cells are prevented by micromolar concentrations of the
      divalent cation ionophore A23187. The ionophore is unable to prevent such changes
      in medium from which calcium is omitted. At slightly higher (but nontoxic)
      concentrations, the ionophore inhibits the butyrate-mediated induction of the
      ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, sialyltransferase, in HeLa. In CHO,
      sialyltransferase activity is normally high and not altered by any of the
      compounds tested.

PMID- 165899
TI  - An established preadipose cell line and its differentiation in culture. II.
      Factors affecting the adipose conversion.
AB  - When cells of the established preadipose line 3T3-L1 enter a resting state, they
      accumulate triglyceride and convert to adipose cells. The adipose conversion is
      brought about by a large increase in the rate of triglyceride synthesis, as
      measured by the incorporation rate of labeled palmitate, acetate, and glucose. In
      a resting 3T3 subline which dose not undergo the adipose conversion, the rate of
      triglyceride synthesis from these precursors is very low, and similar to that of
      growing 3T3-L1 cells, before their adipose conversion begins. If 3T3-L1 cells
      incorporate bromodeoxyuridine during growth, triglyceride synthesis does not
      increase when the cells reach a stationary state, and triglycerides do not
      accumulate. As would be expected from their known actions on tissue adipose
      cells, lipogenic and lipolytic hormones and drugs affect the rate of synthesis
      and accumulation of triglyceride by 3T3-L1 cells, but in contrast to
      bromodeoxyuridine, these modulating agents do not seem to affect the proportion
      of cells which undergoes the adipose conversion. Insulin markedly increases the
      rate of synthesis and accumulation of triglyceride by fatty 3T3-L1 cells, and
      produces a related increase in cell protein content. Of 20 randomly selected
      clones isolated from the original 3T3 stock, 19 are able to convert to adipose
      cells. The probability of such a conversion varies greatly among the different
      clones, in most cases being much lower than for 3T3-L1; but once the conversion
      takes place, the adipose cells produced from all of the 19 clones appear similar.
      The adipose conversion would seem to depend on an on-off switch, which is on with
      a different probability in different clones. This probability is quasistably
      inherited by the clonal progeny.

PMID- 165900
TI  - The 5' terminal structure of the methylated mRNA synthesized in vitro by
      vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - The 5' terminal structure of the mRNA synthesized in vitro by the virion
      associated RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus in the presence of S
      adenosyl-L-methione consists of 7-methyl guanosine linked to 2'-O-methyl
      adenosine through a 5'-5' pyrophosphate bond as m7G(5')ppp(5')A-m-p ... The alpha
      and beta phosphated of GTP and alpha phosphate of ATP are incorporated into the
      blocked 5' terminal structure.

PMID- 165901
TI  - Methylated and blocked 5' termini in vesicular stomatitis virus in vivo mRNAs.
AB  - Methyl groups derived from 3H-methyl methionine were incorporated into vesicular
      stomatitis virus (VSV) MRNAs isolated from infected cells. Sequential degradation
      of the 12-18S viral mRNA species with ribonuclease T2, penicillium nuclease, and
      alkaline phosphatase yielded a single 3H-labeled dinucleotide. A similar
      resistant 32P-labeled fragment was obtained by digesting VSV mRNA uniformly
      labeled with 32P. This methylated and blocked oligomer was further cleaved with
      nucleotide pyrophosphatase, yielding two methylated 5' nucleotides. We postulate
      that the 5' terminal structure of the vivo 12-18S VSV mRNA contains 7
      methylguanosine linked by a 5'-5' pyrophosphate bond to a methylated derivative
      of adenosine. In contrast to the mRNAs (+ strand), the VSV genome RNA ( MINUS
      STRAND) IS NOT BLOCKED.

PMID- 165902
TI  - Differential cytotoxic acitivity of anticollagen serum on rat osteoblasts and
      fibroblasts in tissue culture.
AB  - Rat skin fibroblasts grown in tissue culture were lysed by anti-rat-tail collagen
      serum and antibodies to the ordered collagen-like synthetic polymer (Pro-Gly-Pro)
      n. This cytotoxic effect is complement-dependent and occurs only if the
      fibroblasts were pretreated with trypsin. These anti-sera have very little
      cytotoxicity on cultured rat osteoblasts. This differential cytotoxicity is not
      due to differential binding of anticollagen serum to the cells. Both osteoblasts
      and skin fibroblasts bind the anticollagen serum as was demonstrated by
      fluorescent immunoglobulin.

PMID- 165903
TI  - [Study of the conversion rates to Adenoviruses and Herpesviruses in an infants'
      community (author's transl)].

PMID- 165904
TI  - [Superinfection of human lymphoblastoid cells with EB virus (author's transl)].

PMID- 165905
TI  - [A contribution of the problems of participation of parainfluenza viruses type 1,
      2 and 3 in the etiology of sporadic acute respiratory affections in preschool
      children and in the adult age (author's transl)].

PMID- 165906
TI  - [Excretion of hydroxyproline--a fast acting symptom of bone metabolism].

PMID- 165907
TI  - [Various experiences with herpetic gingivostomatitis in children].

PMID- 165908
TI  - Effect of prolonged low-dose angiotensin II infusion on the sensitivity of
      adrenal cortex in man.
AB  - The effect of incremental infusions of isoleucine-5-angiotensin II on blood
      pressure and plasma aldosterone concentrations was studied in normal man before
      and after 66 hours of intravenous infusion of angiotensin II at 2 ng kg-1 min-1,
      sodium and potassium balance being kept roughly constant throughout. Plasma
      sodium and ACTH concentrations were unaltered, but plasma potassium and magnesium
      levels and basal plasma cortisol fell slightly after prolonged angiotensin
      administration. During the prolonged angiotensin infusion plasma renin activity
      was suppressed, and there was a sustained elevation of arterial pressure and
      plasma aldosterone concentration. Aldosterone excretion, while clearly increased,
      showed a regular circadian rhythm, with peak values in the early morning. The
      angiotensin II-pressor relationship was not significantly changed after the
      prolonged infusion of angiotensin II, while the angiotensin II-aldosterone dose
      response curve was steeper than in the basal state but not identical with that of
      sodium depletion. No differences were observed in the pressor or aldosterone
      stimulant effects of the isoleucine-5 and valine-5 forms of angiotensin II. A
      trophic effect of angiotensin II on the adrenal cortex may provide a partial
      explanation for the enhanced response of aldosterone to angiotensin II in sodium
      depleted man.

PMID- 165909
TI  - Technetium stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams in patients with chest
      pain of varying etiology.
AB  - Technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate was utilized for myocardial imaging in 202
      patients admitted to the hospital with chest pain of uncertain etiology. One
      hundred and one patients had clinical and evolved electrocardiographic and
      enzymatic evidence of acute myocardial infarction. Ninety-six of these 101
      patients had increased myocardial uptake of the technetium stannous pyrophosphate
      and positive myocardial scintigrams; there was nearly precise correlation between
      the ECG and myocardial imaging localization of the area of infarction for acute
      transmural myocardial infarctions. In the five patients with negative myocardial
      images the scintigrams were obtained after seven or more days had elapsed
      following the myocardial infarction. In the remaining 101 patients no clinical,
      ECG, or enzymatic evidence of infarction developed; 92 of these patients had
      negative myocardial scintigrams. Seven of the remaining nine patients were
      admitted with "unstable angina pectoris", and despite the absence of diagnostic
      ECG and enzyme evolution each of these patients had faintly and diffusely
      positive myocardial scintigrams. The remaining two patients had positive
      myocardial scintigrams but no definite ECG or enzymatic evidence of acute
      myocardial infarction. Thus the technetium pyrophosphate imaging technique
      appears safe, inexpensive and to correlate well with ECG and enzyme
      identification of the presence of infarction and with ECG localization of
      myocardial infarction. In addition the positive myocardial scintigrams in some
      patients with "unstable angina" suggest that there may be limited myocardial
      necrosis that is ordinarily undetected by ECG and enzymes in these patients. The
      incidence of false positive and false negative scintigrams appears to be small.

PMID- 165910
TI  - Molar absorptivities of beta-NADH and beta-NAD at 260 nm.
AB  - To determine the molar absorptivities of beta-NADH and beta-NAD at 260 nm, we
      purified the reduced form of the coenzyme by repeated anion-exchange
      chromatography. A NADH preparation was so obtained for which the 260 nm/340 nm
      absorbance ratio was 2.265. When calculated with epsilon 340 beta-NADH = 6.22
      times 10-3 for beta-NADH at 260 nm and 25 degrees C, a molar absorptivity of 14.1
      times 10-3 liter - mol minus 1 - cm minus 1 resulted from this quotient. By use
      of the lactate dehydrogenase or glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase assay,
      respectively, and referring to the new absorption coefficient for NADH at 260 nm,
      the molar absorptivity of beta-NAD at 260 nm and 25 degrees C was established to
      be 17.4 times 10-3 liter - mol minus 1 - cm minus 1. The values observed are
      lower than those reported thus far.

PMID- 165911
TI  - Peripheral resistance to thyroxine: a cause of short stature in a boy without
      goitre.
AB  - A euthyroid pubertal boy was investigated for short stature and was found to have
      an elevated serum thyroxine and delayed bone age. In spite of high thyroxine
      levels, there were no clinical signs of hyperthyroidism and kinetic studies
      revealed a normal rate of thyroxine metabolism. Plasma TSH levels were elevated
      but there was no goitre. Administration of up to 900 mug of thyroxine or 225 mug
      of triiodothyronine led to minimal changes in urinary hydroxyproline excretion,
      pulse rate and body weight. These observations indicate that this boy has a
      target organ insensitivity to thyroid hormones. When compared with other patients
      with this disorder, the studies further emphasize that this condition may have a
      variable clinical presentation. In addition, the extent of the target organ
      defect may not be evident from routine clinical and laboratory observations. The
      possible molecular basis of the defect is discussed.

PMID- 165912
TI  - Effect of oral thyrotrophin-releasing hormone on serum thyroxine in growth
      hormone deficient and normal children.
AB  - Oral administration of synthetic TRH in a dose of 80 mg/1-73 m-2 at 0 and 12 h to
      normal and constitutionally small children caused a significant increase of total
      serum thyroxine (T4) within 6-24 h. The mean maximal T4 increment was +3-7 plus
      or minus 1-1 and +3-8 plus or minus 1-2 mug/dl (mean plus or minus 1 SD)
      respectively in the two groups. Of seventeen euthyroid GH deficient children,
      fifteen showed a normal and two patients a slightly subnormal response. Of
      fifteen hypothyroid GH deficient children nine had a prompt and normal increase
      of serum T4 indicating primary TRH deficiency. Two had a delayed T4 response and
      four had no response, even after prolonged stimulation. The localization of the
      primary defect in these latter subjects with severe hypothyroidism can not be
      made by measuring T4 only, since the thyroid gland may become unresponsive to TSH
      after longstanding TSH deficiency. TSH measurements are necessary in these
      circumstances for a clear localization of the primary defect. One GH deficient
      patient with hypothalamic TRH deficiency was treated with high oral TRH doses for
      7 months and showed no side effects.

PMID- 165914
TI  - The effect of yttrium-90 implantation on endocrine function and visual fields in
      patients with "functionless" pituitary tumors, with biopsy and radiological
      findings.
AB  - Thirty patients with symptoms from "functionless" pituitary tumours were treated
      by yttrium-90 implants, and we report here the effects on symptoms, pituitary
      function and visual fields. On biopsy, about a third of the tumours showed some
      hormone granules. In the sixteen fully assessed at 1 year, pituitary function was
      improved in 25%, unchanged in 62-5%, and reduced in 12-5%. Improvement was
      confined to those in whom gonadotrophin secretion was the only function impaired
      pre-implant. Visual field defects were present pre-implant in ten patients
      (twenty eyes); at 1 year post-implant these defects had lessened in 80% and
      deteriorated in only 5% of eyes. Subsequently, within 5 years of the implant the
      field defects had worsened or recurred in four patients, all with initially
      extensive suprasellar projection; further treatment was then given.
      Remineralization of the sella was seen after implantation in seven cases, with
      reduction in fossa size in five. Thus pituitary implantation appears to be a
      practicable and reasonably simple procedure suitable for the treatment of most
      cases of "functionless" pituitary tumour. The "supressive" doses of irradiation
      used are adequate to shrink most tumours without loss of pituitary function.

PMID- 165913
TI  - Comparison of the effects of ethinyl oestradiol and conjugated equine oestrogens
      in oophorectomized women.
AB  - Seventeen oophorectomized women were treated for 3 month periods, in random
      sequence, with ethinyl oestradiol 20 and 50 mug daily and conjugated equine
      oestrogens (Premarin)0-625 and 1-25 mg daily. The serum cholesterol, clot lysis
      time, plasma fibrinogen, platelet adhesiveness and activated partial
      thromboplastin time remained unchanged throughout the different oestrogen
      regimes. There was a significant rise of serum triglyceride levels on both doses
      of ethinyl oestradiol but no significant change with Premarin. Serum luteinizing
      hormone levels were depressed most by ethinyl oestradiol 50 mug daily, although
      no down to the levels in premenopausal women.

PMID- 165915
TI  - Circulating levels of corticotrophin and cortisol after infusions of L-DOPA,
      dopamine and noradrenaline, in man.
AB  - Intravenous infusions of noradrenaline and dopamine in normal saline, and L-dopa
      in sodium lactate, were given to seven patients with Parkinsonism, and to five
      healthy volunteers. Infusions of saline and lactate were given, in a similar
      manner, to six additional healthy volunteers, who formed a control group.
      Dopamine and noradrenaline were each given in gradually increasing doses, for
      periods of 4 min, until a 30% increase in systolic blood pressure had occurred. L
      Dopa (320 mg) was given a constant rate of infusion over 80 min. Plasma
      fluorogenic corticosteroids (cortisol) increased with dopamine , and decreased
      with noradrenaline. These changes were significantly different from the control
      group in the case of noradrenaline only. ACTH values changed in a similar manner.
      L-Dopa produced a consistent rise in both ACTH and cortisol that was
      significantly different from control subjects. The implications of these
      observations are discussed.

PMID- 165916
TI  - A clinical problem in respiratory disease.

PMID- 165917
TI  - Hemihypertrophy of lower extremity associated with multifocal intraosseous
      hemangioma.
AB  - This is a case report of a child with hemangioma of the bones of the lower
      extremities. The evolution of the disease in several bones, during the period
      between infancy and maturity, and serial growth studies of the extremities and
      differences in length of bones reveals that in some cases the involved bone grew
      longer than its fellow, whereas in others it grew shorter. Histological
      examination of an epiphyseal plate demonstrates that hemangioma grew on either
      side of the plate.

PMID- 165918
TI  - Lesions of the atlas and axis.
AB  - The atlas and axis support the head on the lower cervical spine while providing
      for considerable mobility in flexion, extension, rotation and lateral bending. 
      The first two vertebrae also function as conduits for the cervical cord and
      vertebral arteries.  Lesions of the atlas and axis, therefore, can cause
      instability with loss of support and encroachment on the upper cord and vertebral
      arteries, or less often stiffness with restricted motion.  Congenital lesions of
      the occipito-cervical spine such as occipitalization of the atlas or accessory
      occipital vertebrae can constrict the upper cord with osseous, dural, or fibrous
      compression.  Such encroachment on the cord at this level produces a varying
      array of clinical complaints and findings frequently difficult to interpret. 
      Instability of the upper cervical spine can result from congenital, traumatic,
      inflammatory or neoplastic disruptions of the interlocking mechanism of the atlas
      and axis.  Such factors as the loss of structural integrity of the dens or
      stretching or tearing of the transverse ligament can permit instability with cord
      involvement.  Because of the serious potential of these lesions, patients with
      abnormalities of the atlas and axis require prompt recognition and treatment.

PMID- 165919
TI  - The GP as a psychiatric community resource.
AB  - One hundred pyschiatric inpatients were interviewed to determine their normal use
      of a family doctor and opinion about his value in aftercare. The ward team made a
      similar decision and when appropriate, a family doctor was approached about his
      willingness to undertake the aftercare. There were 54 patients who had a family
      doctor, 38 felt he could assist in aftercare. By contrast, the ward team seldom
      considered referral appropriate and family doctors were initially hostile to the
      concept. The demographic variables and attitudes underlying the views of
      patients, staff, and family doctors are discussed together with their
      implications for community care.

PMID- 165920
TI  - A pediatric approach to atherosclerosis prevention.

PMID- 165921
TI  - The diagnosis and management of hyperlipidemia in the pediatric population.

PMID- 165922
TI  - [Comparative study of the healthy and diseased human enamel by the method of
      electronic paramagnetic resonance].

PMID- 165923
TI  - Vitamin D today.

PMID- 165924
TI  - [Preparation of suspension lymphoblastoid cell cultures, containing herpes-like
      viruses, from hematopoietic organs of hamadryas baboons with hematosarcoma].

PMID- 165925
TI  - [Substrate specificity of thiamine pyrophosphokinase from brewer's yeast].

PMID- 165926
TI  - [Radiation effects on the activity of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase in
      isolated rat thymocytes].

PMID- 165927
TI  - Vitamin D therapy: problems and prospects.

PMID- 165928
TI  - [Sensitivity to orally administered vitamin D-3 and the hypercalcemic curve in
      patients following previous partial strumectomy].

PMID- 165929
TI  - Fluorimetric determination of dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase. (angiotensin-I
      converting enzyme).
AB  - A fluorimetric assay of dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase is described. It involves
      incubation at 37 degrees C with the substrate, Z-Phe-His-Leu, and reaction of the
      dipeptide His-Leu which is released upon enzymatic hydrolysis, with o
      phthalaldehyde to yield a fluorescent compound. The method is simple, precise and
      sensitive. The assay in serum is conveniently performed on 20 mul samples. Normal
      values in human serum range from 0.04 to 0.22 U/l.

PMID- 165930
TI  - Leucocyte energy metabolism. V. Glycolytic and hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes
      in leucocytes from adults and newborn infants.
AB  - The activities of ATP-consuming and ATP-producing steps of the Embden-Meyerhof
      pathway, as well as other glycolytic enzymes (phosphoglucomutase and enolase) and
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are lower in leucocytes from cord blood than in
      white cells from adults. These results are related to previous observations
      (reduced anaerobic glycolysis and nitroblue tetrazolium-test in leucocytes from
      newborn infants) and discussed in connection with the fact that newborn infants
      are more susceptible to infections than normal adults.

PMID- 165931
TI  - Enzymes of fructose metabolism in human kidney.
AB  - Activities of enzymes involved in fructose metabolism were measured in samples of
      human kidney cortex and medulla. The enzymes are ketohexokinase, aldolase, NAD-
      and NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, triokinase and
      glycerate kinase; hexose biphosphatase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were also
      investigated. With the exception of glycerate kinase, all enzymes involved in
      fructose metabolism were found in the human cortex and medulla. The enzyme levels
      in the medulla were low in comparison with the cortex.

PMID- 165932
TI  - Enzymes of fructose metabolism in human small intestine mucosa.
AB  - The enzyme activities involved in fructose metabolism were measured in human
      intestine mucosa. Mucosa of the following gut sections were used: duodenum,
      jejunum, jejunum in the region of the flexura duodenojejunalis, jejunum distal
      region, ileum middle region and ileum in the region of the valvula ileo coecalis.
      Ketohexokinase, aldolase, alcohol dehydrogenases NAD- and NADP- dependent were
      found in all gut sections. The activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase was low in all
      sections tested. Triokinase could be found only in the duodenum and jejunum
      region and was absent in the ileum. Glycerate kinase was not present in the human
      intestine mucosa.

PMID- 165933
TI  - A 3'-deoxymononucleotide-producing nuclease from the marine sponge Verongia
      aerophoba. I. Purification.
AB  - A four-step procedure for purification of a nuclease from the keratinous sponge
      Verongia aerophoba is described. The extracted material is lyophilized,
      acidified, and subjected to chromatography on Sephadex, hydroxyapatite, and
      phosphocellulose. The nuclease is purified about 1,000-fold from the crude
      extract and approximately 1,600-fold from concomitant acid RNase.
      Phosphodiesterase is lost after chromatography on Sephadex. The purified enzyme
      solution contains one single activity as determined by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 165934
TI  - The determination of high-affinity oestrogen receptors in human breast tumours.
      Critique of a method approved by the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.

PMID- 165935
TI  - Distinctive cytoplasmic inclusions in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 165936
TI  - Repeated cloning from untreated diploid XC-cells of hypotetraploid XC-cells with
      altered morphology, in vivo growth, electric mobility and cyclic AMP content.

PMID- 165938
TI  - Proliferation kinetics of a virus-induced sarcoma in the rat kidney.

PMID- 165937
TI  - Biochemical properties and replication of murine intracisternal A particles
      during early embryogenesis.

PMID- 165939
TI  - The effect of cytostatic hexitol derivatives on haematopoietic stem cells, the
      L1210 leukaemia and C22LR osteosarcoma.

PMID- 165940
TI  - Experimental bilharzial squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder in hamsters.

PMID- 165941
TI  - Cellular cyclic AMP content independent of ascites tumour growth rate in vivo.

PMID- 165942
TI  - Tamoxifen (ICI 46,474) and the human carcinoma 8S oestrogen receptor.

PMID- 165943
TI  - Response of cell surface glycosyl transferases to dibutyryl adenosine-3',5'
      cyclic monophosphate in virus-transformed and normal cells.

PMID- 165945
TI  - Transformation-induced alterations in fibroblast adhesion: masking by trypsin
      treatment.

PMID- 165944
TI  - Differences in chromatin proteins of growing and non-growing tissues.

PMID- 165946
TI  - Cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase and 3',5'-nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase in Dictyostelium.

PMID- 165947
TI  - Separation of outer and inner membranes of mitochondria from the brown adipose
      tissue of infant rats.

PMID- 165948
TI  - Possible mechanisms of endoreduplication induction. Membrane fixation and/or
      disruption of the cytoskeleton.

PMID- 165949
TI  - Properties of the genome in normal and SV40 transformed WI38 human diploid
      fibroblasts. I. Composition and metabolism of nonhistone chromosomal proteins.

PMID- 165950
TI  - Properties of the genome in normal and SV40 transformed WI38 human diploid
      fibroblasts. II. Metabolism and binding of histones.

PMID- 165951
TI  - Initiation of DNA synthesis in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts in response to a specific
      factor.

PMID- 165952
TI  - Presence of a complete set of cytochromes despite the absence of cristae in the
      mitochondrial derivative of snail sperm.

PMID- 165953
TI  - Exogenous glycosphingolipids suppress growth rate of transformed and
      untransformed 3T3 mouse cells.

PMID- 165954
TI  - Production of macrophage migration inhbitory factor(s) (MIF) by virus-transformed
      cells.

PMID- 165955
TI  - Effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on tyrosine uptake and metabolism in
      neuroblastoma cultures.

PMID- 165956
TI  - Cell surface changes during the differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum.
      Interaction of cells with Concanavalin A.

PMID- 165957
TI  - Topography of substrate-attached glycoproteins from normal and virus-transformed
      cells.

PMID- 165958
TI  - Biological differences between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) strains with regard to
      lymphocyte transforming ability, superinfection and antigen induction.

PMID- 165959
TI  - Isopynic separation of ram spermatids in colloidal silica gradients.

PMID- 165960
TI  - Uptake of SV40 T antigen into chick erythrocyte nuclei in heterokaryons.

PMID- 165961
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for peripheral nerve damage induced in rabbits with
      clioquinol.

PMID- 165962
TI  - The acetylcholine receptor and the ionic conductance modulation system of
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 165963
TI  - The effect of phospholipase C treatment on the latency and sedimentability of rat
      liver microsomal nucleoside diphosphatase.

PMID- 165964
TI  - The effect of selective protein binding on the enzymatic formation of
      testosterone glucuronide.

PMID- 165965
TI  - High-affinity binding sites in detergent-solubilized gonadotropin receptors.

PMID- 165966
TI  - Human placental cAMP phosphodiesterase activity kinetic properties and
      sensitivity to some drugs and hormones.

PMID- 165967
TI  - Measurements of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and membrane potential in
      neuroblastoma times glioma hybrid cells: opiates and adrenergic agonists cause
      effects opposite to those of prostaglandin E1.

PMID- 165969
TI  - Assignment of aromatic amino acid PMR resonances of horse ferrocytochrome C.

PMID- 165968
TI  - Calcium-mediated alterations in the oxidation-reduction state of pyridine
      nucleotidesin isolated liver cells.

PMID- 165970
TI  - Inhibition by somatostatin of insulin release from isolated pancreatic islets.

PMID- 165971
TI  - Evidence for penetrant and non-penetrant thiol reagents and their use in the
      location of rat liver mitochondrial D(-)-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 165972
TI  - Glucose-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in rat islets of Langerhans: preferential
      effect of the alpha anomer.

PMID- 165973
TI  - The involvement of 50S ribosomal protein l11 in the EF-G dependent GTP hydrolysis
      of E. coli ribosomes.

PMID- 165974
TI  - Structure of the carbohydrate of antifreeze glycoproteins from an antartic fish.

PMID- 165975
TI  - Protein neighborhoods in the 30S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 165976
TI  - The reaction of nitric oxid with Rhus vernicifera laccase.

PMID- 165977
TI  - Properties of the S-3 iron-sulphur centre of succinate dehydrogenase in the
      intact respiratory chain of beef heart mitochondria.

PMID- 165978
TI  - Binding of L-glutamate to glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of 1,4,5,6
      tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

PMID- 165979
TI  - Cuprodoxin.

PMID- 165980
TI  - Modification of alcohol dehydrogenases with two NAD-+-analogues containing
      reactive substituents on the functional side of the molecule.

PMID- 165981
TI  - Methylated SV40 mRNAs.

PMID- 165982
TI  - Insulin: interaction with membrane receprots and relationship to cyclic purine
      nucleotides and cell growth.
AB  - Insulin action is discussed with emphasis on events that occur at the plasma
      membrane. A summary is presented of previous studies which indicate that the
      insulin receptor of fat and liver cells is a large glycoprotein, partially buried
      in the outer surface of the plasma membrane, with a high (K-D approximately 10-10
      M) and specific affinity for insulin. The participation of membrane phospholipids
      in the binding of insulin and the role of sialic acid residues in the
      transmission of the insulin binding signal are discussed. The relation of insulin
      action to its effects on cyclic nucleotide levels is explored. On the one hand,
      insulin action (glucose transport) is inhibited by compounds (cholera toxin,
      ACTH, glucagon and L-norepinephrine) that stimulate adenylate cyclase;
      conversely, insulin both inhibits the lipolytic action of these compounds, and
      raises cellular levels of cyclic GMP. An hypothesis is presented whereby a single
      cyclase species may be responsible for the formation of either cyclic AMP or
      cyclic GMP, depending on the nature of the hormone stimulus. The role of membrane
      phosphorylation in the action of insulin is discussed in the context of
      experiments demonstrating a specific inhibition by ATP of insulin-mediated
      glucose transport, in association with the phosphorylation of two specific
      membrane proteins. The ability of insulin to modulate cyclic nucleotide levels in
      cultured cells and to act as a growth factor is discussed. Insulin stimulates DNA
      synthesis and the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in human fibroblasts,
      which effects are also mediated by epidermal growth factor. Insulin acts at
      concentrations much higher than those obtained in vivo, whereas epidermal growth
      factor acts at concentrations thought to be physiological. The insulin binding
      sites (K-D is approximately equal to 10-9 M) related to growth, and observed both
      in human fibroblasts and in lectin-stimulated and leukemic human lymphocytes
      would not be appreciably occupied at physiological insulin concentrations. The
      implications of such 'low affinity' binding sites for insulin are discussed in
      relation to the action of other growth factors.

PMID- 165983
TI  - Relation of insulin receptors to insulin resistance.
AB  - The status of insulin-receptor interactions in a variety of insulin-resistant
      states is reviewed. Utilizing large adipocytes from adult rats and small fat
      cells from young rats, we have conducted a series of in vitro experiments in an
      attempt to determine the cellular alteration(s) responsible for the insulin
      resistance associated with obesity. Stimulation of glucose oxidation by insulin
      is reduced in large cells. Studies using a mimicker of insulin action, spermine,
      as well as measurements of 125I-insulin binding to large and small cells indicate
      that receptor number and affinity are not responsible for hormone resistance.
      Furthermore, when rapid and direct measurements of sugar uptake were made,
      insulin stimulation was virtually identical in both cell types. These findings
      indicate that large adipocytes have an efficient insulin-responsive D-glucose
      transport system and suggest that the apparent hormone resistance may be due to
      alterations in intracellular glucose metabolism. It has been proposed that
      altered insulin-receptor interaction underlies the insulin resistance of human
      obesity. We have investigated this particular aspect of insulin action by 125I
      insulin binding studies. Similar numbers of insulin receptors per cell and
      affinity for insulin were observed in adipocytes obtained from normal weight
      subjects and morbidly obese patients. Thus, the initial step in insulin action is
      unaltered in human obesity.

PMID- 165984
TI  - Tetrahydrocannabinol-induced manifestations of the "marihuana syndrome" in group
      living macaques.

PMID- 165985
TI  - [Mechanisms of dominance (A.A. Ukhtomskii)].

PMID- 165986
TI  - [Classical and current aspects of the formation of motor dominance in man].
AB  - In the paper, significance of driving phenomenon for formation of motor dominant
      is considered and experimentally corroborated with the aid of autocorrelation and
      spectral analysis of the working man's EEG.  The A.A. Ukhtomsky classical
      postulate has been complemented by contemporary ideas of the role of phasic
      relationships between the cortical activity for extablishing intercentral
      interconnections and the functional differentiation of working and irrelevant
      cortical structures.  Data of correlation, crosscorrelation, and coherent EEG
      analysis enable to ascertain stages of formation of motor dominants at the
      cortical level and to judge of possible mechanisms of concentration of the
      dominant consstellations, as well as to show significance of the coadjustment for
      a common rhythm and of coincidence in phase of oscillations for improvement of
      the effectiveness of motor activity in man.

PMID- 165987
TI  - [Work dominance and its age-related development].
AB  - When studying working industrial processes, peculiar displays of the dominant
      corresponding to common signs of the Ukhtomsky dominant, were revealed. Some
      physiological processes characteristic of the dominant were studied in their
      developing in children of different age and in adolescents.

PMID- 165988
TI  - [Polygraphic study of sleep in dogs].
AB  - Phenomenology and structure of the dog sleep were studied in chronic experiments.
      Three stages of NREM and REM phases were revealed.  Sleeep in the dog was shown
      to differ from sleep in the rat, rabbit, and cat by appearance of alpha-like
      regular rhythm 8--9/sec during the onset of drowsiness, and by the sigma-rhythm
      first appearing against the background of clear slow waves.  The exact estimation
      of REM sleep was shown to need a combined consideration of the EEG data with one
      of the two other signs (EMG or EOG).

PMID- 165989
TI  - [Action and reaction. Behaviour's level. Semantic problems].

PMID- 165990
TI  - Galactosaemia and the problem of galactose toxicity.

PMID- 165991
TI  - Adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity in the dystrophic
      rat retina.

PMID- 165992
TI  - Biochemical and morphological changes in the subcellular fractions during
      myelination of rat brain.

PMID- 165993
TI  - Biochemical basis of liver necrosis caused by pyrrolizidine alkaloids and certain
      other hepatotoxins.

PMID- 165994
TI  - Lipid and protein composition of the mammary tumour virus and the milk fat
      globule membrane isolated from the milk of infected mice.

PMID- 165995
TI  - Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase by sulphide.

PMID- 165996
TI  - Inhibition by diphenyleneiodonium and by some of its substituted derivatives of
      gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 165997
TI  - The occurrence of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the pyruvate-ferredoxin
      oxidoreductase in blue-green bacteria.

PMID- 165998
TI  - Citrate synthase from blue-green bacteria.

PMID- 165999
TI  - Partial purification of adenosine 3':5'-clclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase
      from Phaseolus vulgaris l.: associated activator and inhibitors.

PMID- 166000
TI  - Microadioautographic study of the distribution and uptake of [14C] streptozotocin
      in rat tissue.

PMID- 166001
TI  - The induction of collagenase by thyroxine in resorbing tadpole tailfin in vitro.

PMID- 166002
TI  - Induction of stalk cell differentiation by cyclic-AMP in a susceptible variant of
      Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 166003
TI  - Response of large oocytes of Xenopus laevis to progesterone in vitro in relation
      to oocyte size and time after previous HCG-induced ovulation.

PMID- 166004
TI  - Gastric acid secretion and sleep stages during natural night sleep.
AB  - Gastric acid secretion during natural sleep was studied in 4 healthy female
      volunteers for 11 nights. Acid output was measured by means of intragastric
      titration and a telemetering capsule, and sleep was monitored continuously by
      recording EEG and eye movements. Compared to the waking state, sleep was found to
      be associated with significantly lower levels of acid secretion. Although there
      were no significant differences between acid secretion during sleep stages 1 to 4
      and rapid eye movement (REM), acid secretion decreased with deeper stages of
      sleep. During all REM phases only small amounts of acid were produced. Arousal or
      periods of waking in the course of the night, as well as waking in the morning,
      were associated with an increase in acid output.

PMID- 166005
TI  - [The atypical vessels of the feminine breast in the plate-thermography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In 215 atypical--including 109 carcinomas and 8 carcinomata in situ--as well as
      294 verified benign histological evidences of the breast the value of the main
      clinical, mammographical and plate-thermographical symptoms is examined. The
      clinical palpable tumors, the mammographical irregular connective tissue and/or
      the homogenous opacity, as well as plate-thermographical atypical vessels proved
      to be a relatively insecure sign of a carcinoma. The individual characteristics
      of the atypical vessels in the plate-thermography according to Tricoire were
      worked out. The sudden and blunt breaking-off of a atypical vessel has to be
      considered the most suspicious sign for a carcinoma. The plate-thermography
      according to Tricoire is also usable as additive method for diagnosis of benign
      breast-tumors that don't have to be exstirpated.

PMID- 166006
TI  - Biosynthesis and secretion of calcitonin in vitro in chicken ultimobranchial
      gland.

PMID- 166007
TI  - [Functional significance of Stilling cells in the interrenal glands of Rana
      esculenta L].

PMID- 166008
TI  - A Radioimmunoassay for plasma corticotropin in frogs (Rana esculenta L.).

PMID- 166009
TI  - Control of the interrenal gland of the freshwater turtle Chrysemys picta in vivo
      and in vitro.

PMID- 166010
TI  - In vitro progesterone binding to Xenopus laevis oocytes.

PMID- 166011
TI  - Interrelationship between corticosteroid production and fine structure in the
      fetal adrenal cortex.

PMID- 166012
TI  - Cyclic changes in the enzyme activity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of
      the frog, Rana esculenta.

PMID- 166013
TI  - The evolution of vertebrate corticotrophin and melanocyte stimulating hormone.

PMID- 166014
TI  - Absence of known corticosteroids in blood of river lampreys (Lampetra
      fluviatilis) after treatment with mammalian corticotropin.

PMID- 166015
TI  - A quantitative assay for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) using
      dispersed pituitary cells.

PMID- 166016
TI  - Uptake and binding of labeled corticosterone by the salt gland of the duck (Anas
      platyrhynchos).

PMID- 166017
TI  - The metabolism of corticosterone in the salt gland of the duck, Anas
      platyrhynchos.

PMID- 166018
TI  - Lipolysis and cyclic AMP accumulation in isolated fat cells from chicks.

PMID- 166019
TI  - Genetic control of radiation sensitivity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - Genetic analysis of a large number of radiation-sensitive mutants of S. pombe,
      isolated in different laboratories, showed that these isolates represent 22 non
      allelic loci. The mutants were shown to fall into three distinct classes
      concerning response to UV and ionizing radiation, including two mutants which are
      primarily sensitive to ionizing radiation but not to UV. Single-gene mutants were
      crossed to obtain supersensitive double mutants. Such double mutants showed a
      marked increase in sensitivty to a variety of inactivating agents as compared to
      the parental strains. The isolation of three classes of radiation-sensitive
      mutants and the construction of double mutants implies the presence of multiple
      pathways in S. pombe for repair of radiation-induced damage. The bearing of these
      data on cellular repair mechanisms in eukaryotes is discussed.

PMID- 166020
TI  - Complementation analysis of methyl methane-sulfonate-induced recessive lethal
      mutations in the zeste-white region of the X chromosome of Drosophila
      melanogaster.
AB  - Recessive lethan mutations in the 3A1 to 3C2 region of the X-chromosome of
      Drosophila melanogaster were detected in 113 of 33,544 sperm treated by feeding 5
      mM methyl methanesulfonate in 1% sucrose for 22 hours. Seven of the 113 lethans
      were sterile, leaving 106 for analysis by complementation tests. With only one
      exception, these mutants were found to have lesions restricted to single loci.
      One of these single-site mutations was in qt, 2 in tko, 18 in zw-1, 12 in zw-8, 6
      in zw-4, 3 in zw-10, 3 in zw-13, 21 in zw-2, 7 in zw-3, 5 in zw-6, 6 in zw-12, 1
      in zw-7, 12 in zw-5, 5 in zw-11, and 3 in zw-9. One of the lethals, m69, was non
      complementary to two adjacent loci, zw-2 and zw-3, possible indicating a deletion
      encompassing two loci. The results confirm that there are at least 15 recessive
      lethal loci in the region and are consistent with the hypothesis of LIM and
      SYNDER (1968 and 1974) that inability of monofunctional alkylating chemicals to
      induce deletion associated mutations is a characteristic of the compounds.

PMID- 166021
TI  - [Collagen fractions in the lung tissue of white rats with experimental silicosis
      caused by crystallized and condensate silicon dioxide].

PMID- 166022
TI  - [Experimental substantiation of the maximum permissible concentrations of the
      triethanolamine, ammonium and calcium salts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids in the
      water of reservoirs].

PMID- 166023
TI  - [Fetal death. Cytologic and cytoenzymatic studies].

PMID- 166024
TI  - [Cholesterol concentration in beta and pre-beta-liporotein fractions in serum
      samples from women in normal pregnancy, labor and puerperium].

PMID- 166025
TI  - [Activity of some enzymes in the myometrium of women with anemia in pregnancy].

PMID- 166027
TI  - Some histochemical reactions in the neurocytes of the nucleus of the accessory
      nerve in dogs.

PMID- 166026
TI  - [Some histochemical reactions taking place in the walls of vaginal cysts and the
      epithelium of the vaginal lining].

PMID- 166028
TI  - Induction of cholangiocarcinoma following treatment of a rhesus monkey with
      aflatoxin.

PMID- 166029
TI  - The determination of paraquat using thin-layer chromatography.
AB  - A thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection and determination of
      Paraquat in biological materials is presented. Paraquat was concentrated
      efficiently with the ion-exchange resin Dowex 50W-4 using a batch operation. Of
      the 16 solvent systems used the best results were obtained on silica gel G plates
      with methanol : 6N hydrochloric acid (20 : 30) or methanol : 6N sulfuric acid (20
      : 30); and on cellulose plates with methanol : 6N hydrochloric acid (35 : 15) or
      methanol : 6N sulfuric acid (40 : 10). Also described is a microplate method for
      the thin-layer chromatography of Paraquat.

PMID- 166030
TI  - [A clinicopathological study on upward intramural extension of cancer of the
      stomach (author's transl)].

PMID- 166031
TI  - [Simple assay of murine leukemia viruses using RFL-cells (author's transl)].

PMID- 166032
TI  - [Mechanism of giant cell formation in RFL-cells with infection of murine leukemia
      virus (author's transl)].

PMID- 166033
TI  - Multiple hormone producing islet cell carcinomas of the pancreas. A morphological
      and biochemical investigation.
AB  - Biochemical, light, and electron microscopic studies of two multiple hormone
      producing metastic islet cell carcinomas of the pancreas are presented. Both
      tumors initially produced symptoms referable to a single hormone and over a
      period of years produced two other endocrine active polypeptides. The tumor in
      case 1 had been studied electron microscopically six years previously and had
      demonstrated no significant ultrastructural changes since then. The tumor in case
      2 contained secretory granules of markedly varying size and density, suggesting a
      formation of packaged precursor molecules of possibly all three hormones. The
      pathogenesis of these tumors is discussed in light of recent evidence concerning
      the origin of endocrine cells.

PMID- 166034
TI  - Histologic variants of infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Thirty-eight breasts with lobular carcinoma in situ and an additional intraductal
      or infiltrating cancer were studied. Twenty-six of the additional cancers were
      diagnosed as infiltrating lobular cancer on the basis of a single population of
      small uniform cells cytologically identical to those in lobular carcinoma in
      situ. In 20 of these cases the conventional pattern of infiltrating lobular
      cancer was evident with an individual cell infiltrate with foci of single filing.
      In the other six there was a confluent arrangement of cells in solid sheets. This
      pattern has not been previously reported as a pattern of infiltrating lobular
      cancer. Because of the identical cytologic appearance, we believe it is a variant
      of infiltraing lobular cancer and should be diagnosed as such.

PMID- 166035
TI  - Studies on the immune response and pathogenesis of Sendai virus infection of
      mice. III. The effects of cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Studies of the effects of cyclophosphamide on a non-lethal primary Sendai virus
      infection of mice are reported. Treatment with cyclophosphamide resulted in
      failure to limit or eradicate virus, diminished and delayed the appearance of
      immunoglobulin-secreting cells in the lungs and the production of local and serum
      antibody, reduced and delayed the appearance of bronchial basement membrane
      damage and the desquamation of infected mucosal cells, and reduced the incidence
      of immune complex deposition in the kidneys. Evidence is presented which
      indicated that some escape from immunosuppression occured by day 6, resulting in
      local antibody production. The appearance of the local antibody response was
      associated with increased tissue damage in the lungs and the deposition of immune
      complexes of viral antigen and antibody in the kidney. Nine further experiments
      were performed in mice to investigate this renal manifestation and preliminary
      results are presented. In four of seven Sendai and one of two avirulent influenza
      A (Kunz) virus infections glomerular immune complexes were found. Studies in C3H
      and C57 B1 mice and their F1 hybrid suggested that genetic factors play some part
      in the renal findings. The results are discussed with respect to the possible
      beneficial and harmful effects of the immune response to trivial respiratory
      virus infections.

PMID- 166036
TI  - Immunodeficiency in the chicken. I. Disparity in suppression of antibody
      responses to various antigens following surgical bursectomy.
AB  - The extent of suppression of antibody response by bursectomy (Bx) was examined as
      a measure of the seeding sequence of different clones from the bursa to
      peripheral lymphoid tissues. Chickens were bursectomized surgically 1, 4 or 7
      days after hatching and immunized later with four antigens: sheep red blood cells
      (SRBC); Bordetella pertussis (Bp); human serum albumin (HSA); influenza virus
      (IV). The kinetics of the antibody responses were delayed in bursectomized birds
      when compared with the control groups. The following order in the degree of
      immunosuppression was established: Bp greater than HSA greater than SRBC greater
      than IV. This is discussed in relation to the 'sequential maturation' theory of
      ontogenesis of immunocyte differentiation. The data also stress the limitation of
      non-specific markers for assessing partial immunodeficiency states.

PMID- 166037
TI  - Immunodeficiency in the chicken. II. Production of monomeric IgM following
      testosterone treatment or infection with Gumboro disease.
AB  - Chickens were treated at an early embryonal age with testosterone propionate or
      infected neonatally with the virus producing Gumboro disease. Their sera were
      subsequently fractionated by Sephadex G-200 chromatography, and showed a complete
      deficiency of IgG and the presence of IgM which was eluted with the 7S protein
      fraction. Purified and 125-I-labelled monomeric IgM was examined by SDS
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis and found to contain both mu and light chains,
      together with a chain of intermediary size, which was absent from the patterns of
      19S IgM or IgG.

PMID- 166038
TI  - Tumours of renal pelvis.

PMID- 166039
TI  - In-vitro activity of methronidazole on the cysts of entamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 166040
TI  - Interaction of collagen with serum complement: inhibition of complement-mediated
      hemolysis.
AB  - Collagens from various vertebrate tissues were tested for their ability to
      consume complement (C) activity upon incubation in human serum or with isolated
      components of complement. 10 of 12 collagens tested had anticomplementary
      activity. The heat-denatured form of collagen, gelatin, was found weakly
      anticomplementary, but elastin was found inactive in the interaction with C.
      Inactivation of C is a reaction which is dependent on the time of incubation and
      the collagen concentration and partially dependent on the temperature of
      incubation. Most collagens depleted C from human serum in presence of cation
      chelators, EDTA and EGTA, whereas the large part of anticomplementary activity of
      soluble collagens obtained from rat skin was abolished in presence of EDTA.
      Evidence is presented that two different principles in collagens play a role in
      inactivation of C. A factor, contained in insoluble collagens and inhibitable by
      mild oxidation with periodate, inactivates C1 directly even in presence of
      chelating agents. Another principle, contained in soluble and insoluble collagen
      and resistant to periodate treatment, depletes C in serum by utilization of C via
      the alternate pathway (the C3 shunt).

PMID- 166041
TI  - Dreams and dementia: a laboratory exploration of dream recall and dream content
      in chronic brain syndrome patients.
AB  - Seventeen (seven mild and ten severe) chronic brain syndrome patients were testes
      in the sleep laboratory for dream recall and content. The mildly organic patients
      had 57 per cent recall while the severely organic patients had 35 per cent
      recall. We also studied four aged severely organic patients. These patients
      showed a recall rate of 8 per cent. The difference between the recall rates in
      mildly and severely organic middle-aged patients was not statistically
      significant. The difference between the recall rates of the aged severely organic
      patients and either or both of the middle-aged groups was statistically
      significant (p smaller than .001). In addition, we found dream content
      differences between the mildly and severely organic middle-aged groups and
      between the combined group and normal young men.

PMID- 166042
TI  - Effects of ionizing radiation on dried spores of Osmunda regalis III. 35 GHz
      e.s.r. study.
AB  - The use of 35 GHz microwave frequency has greatly simplified the separation of
      overlapping signals in dried irradiated fern spores. While in general confirming
      the conclusions previously drawn from X-band spectra, the use of Q-band has
      clarified several assignments of radical groups and allowed the recognition of
      additional radical groups or sub-groups.

PMID- 166043
TI  - Comparison of radiolysis products of thymine and thymidine with e.s.r. results.
AB  - Radicals determined by e.s.r. spectrometry of irradiated thymine or thymidine and
      radiolytic products generated under tha ction of gamma rays in aerated aqueous
      solutions have been compared. This comparison lies mainly in the fact that a
      radical R gives rapidly the corresponding peroxide ROOH. The authors have
      isolated and characterized twenty peroxides, i.e., the four isomers cis (-), cis
      (+), trans (-), trans(+) of 6-hydroperoxy-5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidine; the
      four isomers cis (-), cis (+), trans (-), trans (+) of 5-hydroperoxy-6-hydroxy
      5,6-dihydrothymidine; 5-hydroperoxy-2-deoxyuridin;cis and trans 6-hydroperoxy-5
      hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine; cis and trans 5-hydroperoxy-6-hydroxy-5,6
      dihydrothymine; 5-hydroperoxymethyl-uracil; 5-hydroperoxy-5,6-dihydrothymine;cis
      and trans 6-hydroperoxy-5,6-dihydrothymine; 5-hydroperoxy-5-methyl barbituric
      acid; 5-hydroperoxy-5-methyl hydantoin; trans 5,6-dihydroperoxy-5,6
      dihydrothymine. Most of thethymine and thymidine radicals hypothesized or
      described in the literature were correlated to these peroxides. However, the
      presence of certain peroxides could not be explained by recognized radicals.
      Taking advantage of this fact, the existence of new thymine or thymidine radicals
      so far unknown can be predicted.

PMID- 166044
TI  - Letter: An e.s.r. study of irradiated N-acetyl-L-alanine at 295 K.

PMID- 166045
TI  - Regulation of the lactose operon in Escherichia coli by cAMP.

PMID- 166046
TI  - Cellular receptors and mechanisms of action of steroid hormones.

PMID- 166047
TI  - [Steroid hormones and liver tumors].

PMID- 166048
TI  - Muscle fiber and motor end plate involvement in the extraocular muscles of the
      myotonic mouse.
AB  - The extraocular muscles of the C57BL/6Jdy-2j myotonic mouse were studied by phase
      and electron microscopy. The most susceptible ocular muscle was the levator
      palpebrae; the other muscles manifested scattered abnormalities to varying
      degrees. Central nucleation and fiber splitting were prominent. Junctional
      abnormalities consisted of a reduction in post-junctional folding, excessive
      numbers of axonal terminals on hypertrophic fibers, and the presence of dense
      granules between axon and muscle. This study demonstrates the affection of both
      muscle fiber and motor end plate in mouse myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 166049
TI  - Mucolipidosis IV: ocular, systemic, and ultrastructural findings.
AB  - The ocular and systemic findings in four children with mucolipidosis IV (ML IV),
      a new variant of mucolipidosis, are described. Corneal clouding from birth or
      early infancy is a prominent feature in all of the patients and in two of them,
      this was the presenting symptom. Psychomotor retardation usually does not become
      apparent until the end of the first year of life. Conjunctival biopsies revealed
      two types of abnormal inclusion bodies: (1) single-membrane-limited cytoplasmic
      vacuoles containing both fibrillogranular material and membranous lamellae, and
      (2) lamellar and concentric bodies similar to those found in Tay-Sachs disease.
      The abnormal cytoplasmic organelles were present in both the stromal fibroblasts
      and the epithelial cells. The electroretrinogram performed in one patient was
      subnormal.

PMID- 166050
TI  - Cytologic changes of the retina and pigment epithelium during hibernation.
AB  - The pigment epithelium and the retina of hibernating frogs, bats, and ground
      squirrels are studied electron microscopically and the findings are compared with
      those of the same animals obtained in normal condition. The smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum of the pigment epithelial cell becomes sparse and transforms into large
      tubular structures during the hibernation. No appreciable changes are noted in
      the rod outer segments of hibernating bats and frogs. However, the cone outer
      segments of the ground squirrel show striking disappearance during experimental
      hibernation. Regeneration of the cone outer segments of the squirrel retina is
      found to be fast when the animals are placed in a normal environment.

PMID- 166051
TI  - The effect of nonspecific immune stimulation on the recurrence rate of herpetic
      keratitis in rabbits.
AB  - Cellular immunity is of primary importance in resistance to virus infection. In
      this study, 75 rabbits were immunized with live BCG, 75 rabbits were immunized
      with Staphylococcus aureus, and 75 rabbits were injected with saline. Two weeks
      after immunization the corneal epithelium of both eyes was infected with McKrae
      strain herpes virus, and five weeks after immunization the rabbits were skin
      tested with old tuberculin or staphylococcus to ascertain their immune status.
      The corneas were observed under the slit lamp for recurrent epithelial herpes
      from day 52 through day 84 after immunization. During the second week of
      observation the group immunized with BCG had statistically significantly fewer
      recurrences than the saline-injected control group. The data for the BCG group
      during the remainder of the observation period, and for the SPL immunized group,
      were not statistically distinguishable from the control group. These experiments
      indicate that nonspecific immune stimulation provides little protection against
      recurrent herpetic infection. It is possible that manipulation of dosage and
      timing could enhance this effect.

PMID- 166052
TI  - Experimental cerebral vasospasm and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP).
AB  - Blood induced acute and chronic cerebral vasospasm were studied in Rhesus monkeys
      by serial angiography.  Two vasoactive agents were evaluated.  In acute spasm,
      phosphodiesterase inhibition by Aminophylline consistently reversed the
      vasospasm.  This agent alone was ineffective in chronic spasm and required the
      addition of Isoproterenol to produce reversal of vasospasm.  It is proposed that
      cerebral vasospasm may be associated with a decrease of intracellular c-AMP in
      vascular smooth muscle which can be reversed by manipulation of the enzyme
      pathway involved.  It is further proposed that c-AMP is a basic common pathway
      through which adrenergic vascular reactivities are mediated.

PMID- 166054
TI  - Survival factors following myocardial infarction recorded by a nurse.
AB  - Sixty-five patients were followed closely by a public health nurse following
      coronary-care unit discharge. A clear-cut pattern was observed in which
      nonsurvivors had increasing objective signs of physical deterioration and more
      hospital admissions, but verbalized fewer complaints than survivors. The
      differences between the eight nonsurvivors and the survivors were significant at
      the 0.05 level for the observed findings. These findings have implications for
      organizing health-care delivery.

PMID- 166053
TI  - New diagnostic approach to brain lesions in nuclear medicine.  Differential
      diagnosis of brain lesions with a computed brain scan diagnosis by the likelihood
      method.
AB  - Using 240 true positive brain scans, a computer system for the differential
      diagnosis of brain lesions has been evaluated.  Eighty-six parameters were
      extracted from brain scan findings without relationship to neurological signs and
      symptoms, and the likelihood method was adopted as an example of mathematical
      logic.  The results of our experiment indicated that the overall accuracy was 77
      per cent for the maximum likelihood method.  The digital computer gave
      satisfactory results, particularly for diseases such as infarct, meningioma,
      acoustic neurinoma, and subdural hematoma.  In spite of several problems to be
      solved, this method could provide invaluable help in differential diagnosis of
      brain lesions.

PMID- 166055
TI  - [Secreting and clinical nonsecreting insuloma. analysis of 16 cases].

PMID- 166056
TI  - Results of radiation treatment of naturally occurring animal tumors.

PMID- 166058
TI  - An inherited disorder of Persian cats with intracytoplasmic inclusions in
      neutrophils.

PMID- 166057
TI  - Lipids and lipoproteins in normal dogs and in dogs with secondary
      hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Concentrations of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and free glycerol were
      neasured, and serum lipoprotein electrophoresis was performed in normal dogs and
      in dogs with hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and acute pancreatitis. Twelve
      privately owned dogs and 20 Basset Hounds from a research colony served as normal
      subjects. Privately owned had higher serum lipid concentrations than did research
      dogs. On electrophorisis of normal dog serum, lipoprotein bands were detected at
      the beta, pre-beta, alpha-2, and alpha-1 positions. Hypercholesterolemia was
      associated with increased intensity of the alpha-2-lipoprotein band, and
      hypertriglyceridemia occurred with increased lipoprotein at the origin, or the
      beta or pre-beta positions. Hypothyroid dogs had normal lipid values and
      lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns, hypercholesterolemia with increased
      intensity of the alpha-2-lipoprotein band, or hypercholesterolemia and
      hypertiglyceridemia with prominent beta-, pre-beta, and alpha-2-lipoprotein
      electrophoretic patterns were changed to near-normal values after levothyroxine
      administration. Diabetic dogs had increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride
      content and a predominance of lower density lipoproteins, as detected by
      electrophoresis. Insulin therapy caused the lipid concentrations to decrease and
      the electrophoretic pattern to revert to near normal. Dogs with acute
      pancreatitis had moderately increased serum lipid content and electrophoretic
      patterns characterized by increased intensity of the beta-lipoprotein band and by
      altered migration of alpha-1-lipoproteins.

PMID- 166059
TI  - Adenovirus infection in two calves.
AB  - Two 2-week-old calves with pyrexia, diarrhea, and subsequent dehydration were
      treated symptomatically for 1 week, but without favorable response. At necropsy,
      foci of necrosis were found in the abomasum and rumen of each calf. The small and
      large intestineswere dilated by grayish, turbid fluid. Numerous large
      amphophilic, intranuclear inclusions in endothelial cells of blood vessels in the
      abomasum and rumen, in endothelial cellsof the adrenal cortical sinusoids and
      renal glomeruli, and in intestinal epithelial cells were identified as adenovirus
      particles.

PMID- 166060
TI  - Survey for antibodies to leukemia (C-type) virus in cattle.
AB  - Serums from 4,394 dairy cattle in 100 herds and from 2,794 beef cattle in 50
      herds were tested for antibody to the bovine (C-type) leukemia virus (BLV), using
      the agar gel immunodiffusion test. Reactors were found in 66% of the dairy herds
      (10.2% of the cattle) and in 14% of the beef herds (1.2% of the cattle). The
      prevalence of reactors was examined with respect to age, herd size, and sex. Few
      of the reactors were less than 2 years old. There was a high percentage of
      reactors in small dairy herds (less than 50 cattle). In 22 dairy herds (1,354
      cows and 96 bulls), the rate of infection in cows was compared with that in
      bulls. In those herds, 13.5% of the cows and 10.4% of the bulls were reactors.

PMID- 166062
TI  - Ultrastructure of the submucous nerves of the rat ureter.
AB  - The fine structure and distribution of the nerves in the submucosa of the middle
      part of the ureter were studied in the adult rat. As in the rabbit, the nerves
      were concentrated on the inner surface of the muscle and beneath the epithelium.
      The nerves beneath the epithelium were smaller than those on the surface of the
      muscle, but they were much more numerous. They gave off small branches which ran
      for only short distances in the subepithelial connective tissue before
      terminating. Axonal varicosities were common and almost all appeared to represent
      the terminals of a single type of axon. The varicosities contained clusters of
      clear vesicles and variable numbers of larger dense-cored vesicles. The dense
      cored vesicles were unaffected by short-term treatment with 6-OHDA and in this
      and other respects compared well with those of the terminals classified by
      Burnstock (1972) as purinergic. The possibility that the axons are sensory, and
      are the source of impulses which are recognized as being painful in nature, is
      discussed.

PMID- 166061
TI  - Effects of 5-fluorouracil on exocrine glands. III. Fine structure of Brunner's
      glands of rats.
AB  - Effects of a pyrimidine analogue, 5-fluorouracil (Fur), have been studied by
      electron microscopy and by electron microscopic cytochemical techniques. Previous
      studies have demonstrated that rats show serious gastrointestinal disturbances 5
      days after 3 daily injections of FUR (50 mg/kg). The present investigation
      demonstrates that Brunner's glands under the same conditions suffer certain
      cytological changes involving the Golgi apparatus, where a notable reduction in
      the number of Golgi stacks is observed. The vacuolar components in the Golgi
      complex appear empty. Cytochemical localizations of uridine diphosphatase and
      thiamine pyrophosphatase activities, however, are normal. The reaction products
      are localized in the distal two or three lamellae of the Golgi stack and within
      the secretory granules nearby. In addition reaction products are present along
      the apical plasma membrane on the luminal side, suggesting a possible movement of
      these membranes from the Golgi stack, via secretory granules, to the apical
      plasma membrane.

PMID- 166063
TI  - Observations on the structure of the dorsal muscle in the bottle-nose dolphin
      (Tursiops truncatus).
AB  - The dorsal muscle of five South Australian bottle-nose dolphins has been studied.
      The ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the red, white and intermediate fibres
      were essentially similar to those of other mammalian skeletal muscles. Two
      features of special interest were: (a) the large number of lipid droplets in the
      red muscle fibres, and (b) the presence of longitudinal tubes linking the
      transverse tubes of the T-system, both within a sarcomere, and also between
      adjacent sarcomeres, of the white muscle fibres. The muscle spindles and
      neuromuscular junctions in the dolphin appeared to be morphologically similar to
      those of other mammals.

PMID- 166064
TI  - An electron microscopic study of the histogenesis of the parathyroid gland in the
      sheep.
AB  - Definitive chief cells, characterized by the presence of specific secretory
      granules and typical membrane configurations, were present in the developing
      parathyroid glands of sheep embryos from 26 days of gestation (term = 150 days).
      During earlier stages of gestation developing chief cells contained lysosomal
      systems which appeared to be concerned with the autophagy of retained secretion
      product. The EM evidence suggests that physiologic release of the hormone does
      not occur until at least 30 days of gestation, which correlates well with the
      experimentally established time of onset of functional capacity in the
      parathyroid gland in the sheep. 'Bark cells' were found in the parathyroid
      primordia of embryos between 20 and 27 days of gestation. The significance of
      these "dark cells" is discussed with respect to glutaraldehyde fixation and to
      their possible relationship to chief cells.

PMID- 166065
TI  - The ultrastructure of the sensory end-organs (baroreceptors) in the atrial
      endocardium of young mini-pigs.
AB  - Light and electron microscopical studies on pig hearts have confirmed the
      presence in the right and the left atrial endocardium of distinct circumscribed,
      unencapsulated end-organs (baroreceptors) associated with 4-9 mum thick nerve
      fibres. The myelin sheath terminates before the entrance of the nerve into the
      end-organ. The regular presence of thin axon profiles containing clusters of
      small agranular vesicles, both around the thick nerve fibre and in the periphery
      of the end-organs, suggests a double innervation. The thick fibre arborizes
      inside an aggregate of Schwann-like cells to form a large number of terminals
      which are considered to be the mechano-sensitive receptors of the organ. In
      addition to the nervous structures and the Schwann-like cells the organs contain
      a varying number of connective tissue fibrils. The terminals are covered by a
      basement membrane but are partly or completely devoid of Schwann cell covering.
      Most of the space inside the terminals is occupied by tightly packed
      mitochondria. Glycogen granules are regularly present, sometimes abundant. SER
      occurs widely, frequently forming complexes with glycogen granules. These
      complexes may be highly organized as parallel or concentric structures,
      suggesting a close connection between SER and glycogen metabolism in the
      terminals. The terminals are regularly furnished with small protrusions
      containing numerous 30-100 nm clear vesicles which resemble pinocytotic vesicles.
      In addition, a few 80 nm dense-cored vesicles are found. The occurrence of
      numerous cyto-segresomes and lipofuscin-like bodies suggests a lively turnover of
      organelles in the terminals.

PMID- 166066
TI  - Ultrastructure of the blastocyst and endometrium of the roe deer (Capreolus
      capreolus) during delayed implantation.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopy of the trophoblast cells during diapause
      revealed an abundance of electron-dense, membrane-bound granular inclusions and a
      marked lack of cytoplasmic organelles. The cells also possessed a well-developed
      covering of branched microvilli, numerous caveolae, micropinocytotic vesicles and
      a lamina of fine fibrillae. The progressive enlargement of the blastocyst during
      diapause was correlated with a decline in the height of the trophoblast cells and
      a reduction in the density of microvilli and caveolae associated with the outer
      membrane. The granular inclusions also declined in number and electron density
      during the delay phase, suggesting the progressive utilisation of energy
      reserves. Embryonic elongation was associated with the disappearance of the
      granular inclusions, a reduction in the amount of fibrillar material and a
      dramatic increase in the development of cytoplasmic organelles. During diapause,
      clear vesicles, apparently derived from the Golgi apparatus, gradually
      accumulated in the supranuclear region of each gland and non-ciliated duct cell.
      Embryonic elongation was associated with the sudden release of these vesicles
      into the glandular lumen and thence into the uterine lumen. Numerous apical
      protrusions were also observed projecting from the luminal and ductal epithelia
      at this time, suggesting the formation of an apocrine secretion. Another type of
      secretion was produced during the early stages of placental attachment by the
      hypertrophied granular endoplasmic reticulum of the ductal epithelium.

PMID- 166067
TI  - Evaluation of liver scintigraphy with tumortracer for differentiating focal
      hepatic lesions.

PMID- 166068
TI  - Proceedings: Purification and analysis of the polyADP-ribose synthetase system.

PMID- 166069
TI  - Proceedings: The solubile polymerizing system.

PMID- 166070
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of poly(ADP-ribose) on DNases of the nuclei of rat liver and
      ascites hepatoma cells.

PMID- 166071
TI  - Proceedings: Poly(ADP-ribose), from the discovery to the biological role.

PMID- 166072
TI  - The crystal structure of bonito (katsuo) ferrocytochrome c at 2.3 A resolution.
      II. Structure and function.
AB  - The structure analysis of bonito heart ferrocytochrome c was carried out at 2.3 A
      resolution by X-ray diffraction, and a Kendrew-type skeletal model was built up.
      This molecule has an overall egg shape, 35 A in height, 30 A in width and 23 A in
      thickness; the 5th ligand of the heme iron atom is the N-epsilon atom of the His
      18 imidazole ring and the 6th is the Met-80 sulfur atom. Distinct alpha-helix
      regions are found between the N-terminus and reside 11, between 60 and 69, and
      between 90 and the C-terminus. The most distinct difference between the
      conformation of the present molecule and that of the horse oxidized molecule is
      the location of the Phe-82 phenyl ring. In the present reduced molecule, the
      phyenyl ring is in closer contact with the iron atom and gives influences on the
      character of the iron atom. Inside the molecule, at the lower part of the heme
      pocket, there is an extended hydrogen bond network including the propionic acid
      residues of the heme group. Both Phe-82 and the hydrogen bond network may play a
      key role in the function of this molecule.

PMID- 166073
TI  - Proceedings: Experimental manipulation of the specific activity of poly(ADP
      ribose) polymerase.

PMID- 166074
TI  - Dietary and hormonal regulation of serine synthesis in the rat.
AB  - The importance of the so-called phosphorylated pathway for the synthesis of
      serine in rat liver was confirmed by studies on in vitro serine synthesis and
      also by the existence of a correlation between the serine-synthesizing activity
      of liver extracts and the activities of the enzymes involved in the pathway under
      various dietary conditions. Serine-synthesizing activity was found to be
      distributed in various rat tissues such as kidney, brain, testis, spleen,
      pancreas, and fat pad. However, only in the liver was the synthesis regulated by
      dietary protein. In the liver, the three enzymes of the phosphorylated pathway
      were found to be repressed by high-protein diets or by starvation and induced by
      low-protein diets. The dietary induction of the enzymes required the presence of
      insulin and was suppressed by glucocorticoids. A suggestion is made that the
      effects of diet or hormones may be mediated by changes in the hepatic pool of
      essential amino acids.

PMID- 166075
TI  - Studies on NADP-+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from an extreme thermophile,
      Thermus flavus AT-62.
AB  - 1. NADP-+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.42] was partially purified
      by about 440-fold from an extreme thermophile, Thermus flavus AT-62. 2.
      Remarkable thermostability of the enzyme was confirmed. The enzyme was not
      inactivated after 60 min at 70 degrees, and the activity was lost only slowly at
      80 degrees. Above 90 degrees, however, rapid inactivation was observed. 3. The
      dehydrogenase was susceptible to concerted inhibition by oxaloacetate plus
      glyoxylate. In the presence of oxaloacetate plus glyoxylate (each 1 mM), 75
      percent inhibition was observed. 4. The degree of inhibition of the enzyme by
      oxaloacetate plus glyoxylate decreased markedly above 60 degrees. The affinity of
      the enzyme for isocitrate and NADP-+ was also reduced markedly above 60 degrees.
      The activation energy calculated from Arrhenius plots below and above 60 degrees
      were 14,500 and 8,000 cal per mole, respectively. These observations suggest a
      possible conformation change of the enzyme protein at a transition temperature of
      60 degrees, and the physiological significance of this in the adaptation of
      thermophiles to elevated temperatures is discussed.

PMID- 166076
TI  - Proceedings: Structural analysis of the poly(ADP-ribose).

PMID- 166077
TI  - Proceedings: Quantitative determination of poly(ADP-ribose) in mammalian tissues.

PMID- 166078
TI  - Proceedings: In vivo and in vitro synthesis of oligo adenosine diphosphate ribose
      in the G2 stage of the cell cycle.

PMID- 166080
TI  - Determination of sulfinpyrazone in serum by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 166079
TI  - Protein and glycoprotein electrophoretic patterns of enriched fractions of
      primary and secondary granules from guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The postnuclear supernatant fraction of sucrose homogenates of guinea pig
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was subjected to differential centrifugation
      to obtain a total particulate fraction, a particle-free supernatant fraction,
      highly enriched fractions of primary and secondary granules, and a membrane-rich
      fraction. The various fractions were solubilized in buffer containing sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and analyzed for protein and glycoproteincomponents by SDS 
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major glycoprotein components of the
      postnuclear supernatant fraction were found mainly associated with the enriched
      fraction of secondary granules and, to a lesser extent, with the membrane-rich
      fraction. No major glycoprotein components were visible in the polypeptide
      electrophoretic patterns of the primary granule fraction or of the particle-free
      supernate. Attempts at separation of guinea pig granules by zonal sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation were only partially successful. Data supporting a species
      difference in this regard between rabbit and guinea pig PMNL granules are
      presented.

PMID- 166081
TI  - Thick-layer chromatography for the isolation of 19-hydroxy-prostaglandins from
      total lipids.

PMID- 166082
TI  - Improved thin-layer chromatography system for methadone and its metabolites in
      biological samples.

PMID- 166083
TI  - Qualitative analysis of carboxylic acids by partition thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 166084
TI  - Use of cation-exchange thin layers in adenyl cyclase assay.

PMID- 166085
TI  - Separation of tetracyclines by high-speed liquid chromatography.
AB  - The separation of tetracycline and its four commoninpurities has been studied by
      high-speed liquid chromatography. A preliminary study of the effectiveness of ion
      exchange, adsorption, liquid-liquid partition and reversed-phase ion-pair
      chromatography indicated that only the last method showed promise. By developing
      special hydrocarbon-bonded stationary phases a rapid and complete resolution of
      all five tetracyclines has been obtained within 10 min. Plate heights using a
      derivatised 18-mum partisil are in the range 0.15-0.3 mm. The method can be used
      to quantify the impurities in tetracycline at around the 1% level.

PMID- 166086
TI  - Preparation and thin-layer chromatography of bromo-derivatives of unsaturated
      fatty acid esters. A simple and rapid procedure for fatty acid analysis.
AB  - Bromo-addition products of unsaturated long-chain fatty acid esters have been
      prepared and chromatographed on thin layers of unmodified silica gel. The
      polarity of these derivatives was found to be directly related to the number of
      double bonds of the parent fatty acid from which they were derived. This has been
      made the basis of a simple method for assessing the relative proportions of the
      main fatty acid classes in a mixture.

PMID- 166087
TI  - Occurrence of big renin in human plasma, amniotic fluid and kidney extracts.
AB  - Big renin, a relatively inactive renin which possesses a molecular weight larger
      than that of normal plasma or renal renin, has been demonstrated by gel
      filtration in certain human plasma, tumor extracts, and amniotic fluid. Big renin
      was not present in normal plasma or kidney extracts. Plasma from 3 hypertensive
      patients with nephropathy contained chiefly big renin. Varying proportions of
      both big and normal renin activity were present in plasma of other patients with
      hypertension and proteinuria. The renin present in amniotic fluid, which
      increased in activity following exposure to acid pH, was shown to be big renin in
      two patients. Large amounts of circulating big renin apparently can cause
      hypertension in patients with Wilms' tumors. Furthermore, the relatively inactive
      big renin may replace normal plasma renin in some patients, resulting in low
      plasma renin activity.

PMID- 166088
TI  - Failure of somatostatin to inhibit tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion in
      patients with insulinomas: a possible diagnostic tool.
AB  - The effects of somatostatin on tolbutamide-stimulated insulin release were
      studied in 4 patients with insulin-producing tumors of the pancreas and in 6
      normal subjects.  In contrast to its effective inhibition of insulin release in
      normal subjects, somatostatin, without exception, failed to inhibit tolbutamide
      induced insulin release in the patients with pancreatic beta-cell tumors.  This
      differential effect of somatostatin may prove useful in the diagnosis of insulin
      producing tumors of the pancreas.

PMID- 166089
TI  - Inhibition by somatostatin of ACTH secretion in Nelson's syndrome.
AB  - Somatostatin (GHIF), when administered as a 1-hr infusion (500 mug/hr) to 5
      patients with Nelson's Syndrome;resulted in a sustained, progressive fall in
      plasma ACTH in each patient to 40% to 71% of basal values with a return toward
      initail levels after cessation of the infusion.  The meanreduction in plasma ADTH
      was 48% (p less than 0.005).  These finding suggest that GHIF receptors not
      fuctional or present in normal pituitary tissue are present in ACTH-producing
      pituitary tumors.

PMID- 166090
TI  - Effects of sodium depletion on plasma renin activity and on the urinary excretion
      of cyclic AMP and aldosterone in hypoparathyroid patients.
AB  - The effect of sodium depletion on plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary cyclic AMP
      and urinary aldosterone excretion was studied in hypoparathyroid patients whose
      basal urinary cylic AMP excretion (urinary cAMP) was less than 50% of that
      observed in normal subjects. During 7 days of sodium depletion, PRA, urinary
      aldosterone and urinary cAMP each rose significantly. Administration of the beta
      blocker propranolol, 160 mg/day, during 5 further days of sodium depletion
      produced a fall in PRA and urinary cAMP, but no change in urinary aldosterone
      excretion. The dissociation in these effects suggests that the increase in
      aldosterone secretion during sodium depletion may be mediated by pathways other
      than the renin-angiotensin and adenyl cyclase systems. There was a high degree of
      correlation between PRA and urinary cAMP (P less than 0.001) during the period of
      sodium depletion, but not significant relationship between these parameters was
      found during control and propranolol phases, or in control studies in normal
      subjects. These findings suggest that beta-adrenergic receptors have a role in
      mediating the effects of sodium depletion upon renin secretion and adenyl cyclase
      activity.

PMID- 166091
TI  - Adrenal function in hirsutism I. Diurnal change and response of plasma
      androstenedione, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, LH and FSH to
      dexamethasone and 1/2 unit of ACTH.
AB  - ACTH dependency of plasma androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) was determined
      in normal and hirsute women by measuring the magnitude of change of A and T
      between the time of the cortisol (F) peak and F nadir in a diurnal study. There
      was a significant diurnal rhythm of A synchronous with F in both normal and
      hirsute women (P less than 0.01). Five of 12 hirsute women had a greater than
      normal diurnal swing of A (P less than 0.05), but only 2 of the 12 had a greater
      than normal diurnal swing of T. Responsiveness of A and T to 1/2 unit of
      intravenous ACTH was determined after dexamethasone 1 mg was given the night
      before. Plasma A and T were elevated in most of the hirsute women during acute
      ACTH suppression by dexamethasone, indicating ACTH-independent hypersecretion of
      androgens. Nine of 17 hirsute women had a greater than normal A response to ACTH
      (P less than 0.05). Those who had an exaggerated diurnal swing of A also had
      hyper-responsiveness of A secretion to ACTH. Only 2 hirsute women had an
      exaggerated T response to ACTH. Some T levels were decreased by ACTH. Seven of
      the 9 hiruste women who had an exaggerated A response to ACTH had a normal
      maximum F response, but a greater than normal 17-hydroxy-progesterone (17-OHP)
      response to ACTH with a high 17-OHP to F ratio, suggesting they have a mild but
      compensated reduction in 21-hydroxylase or 11beta-hydroxylase activity. Two women
      with hyper-responsiveness of A secretion had low F and 17-OHP responses to ACTH
      suggesting reduced C21 but intact C19 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-delta-5,
      4 isomerase activity. These apparent reduced enzyme activity may not be
      congenital, but induced by an altered hormonal milieu such as an abnormal
      androgen-estrogen ratio. It is concluded that ACTH uniformly stimulated A
      secretion but not T secretion and that approximately 50% of the hirsute women had
      ACTH-dependent hypersecretion of A, but most of these also had concurrent ACTH
      independent hypersecretion of androgens.

PMID- 166092
TI  - Metabolism of cholesteryl esters of rat very low density lipoproteins.
AB  - Rat very low density lipoproteins (d smaller than 1.006), biologically labeled in
      esterified and free cholesterol, were obtained form serum 6 h after intravenous
      injection of particulate (3-H) cholesterol. When injected into recipient animals,
      the esterified cholesterol was cleared form plasma with a half-life of 5 min.
      After 15 min, 71% of the injected esterified (3-H) cholesterol had been taken up
      by the liver, where it was rapidly hydrolyzed. After 60 min only 3.3% of the
      amount injected had been transferred, via lipoproteins of intermediate density,
      to the low density lipoproteins of plasma (d 1.019-1.063). Both uptake in the
      liver and transfer to low density lipoproteins occurred without change of
      distribution of 3-H in the various cholesteryl esters. 3-H appearing in
      esterified cholesterol of high density lipoproteins (d greater than 1.063) was
      derived from esterification, presumably by lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase,
      of simultaneously injected free (3-H) cholesterol. Content of free (3-H)
      cholesterol in the very low density lipoproteins used for injection could be
      reduced substantially by incubation with erythrocytes. This procedure, however,
      increased the rate of clearance of the lipoproteins after injection into
      recipient rats. These studies show that hepatic removal is the major catabolic
      pathway for cholesteryl esters of rat very low density lipoproteins and that
      transfer to low density lipoproteins occurs to only a minor extent.

PMID- 166093
TI  - Metabolism of bovine parathyroid hormone. Immunological and biological
      characteristics of fragments generated by liver perfusion.
AB  - The metabolism of bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the perfused rat liver was
      studied. Labeled hormone, with or without cold hormone, was infused into the
      circulating perfusion medium containing various calcium concentrations. Pefusate
      samples at various time periods after the introduction of PTH into the system
      were chromatographed on Bio-gel P-10; radioactivity and/or immunoreactivity were
      measured in eluted fractions. Before the perfusion, all immuno- and radioactivity
      eluted in a single peak, with an apparent mol wt of 9,500 (peak I). After
      perfusion for 15 min, two other peaks with approximate mol wt of 7,000 (peak II)
      and 3,500 (peak III) were discernible. Peak I contained both NH2-terminal and
      COOH-terminal immunoreactivity and was biologically active at all time periods
      tested. The relative contribution of NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal
      immunoreactivity to the total immunoreactivity remained constant in this peak
      throughout the perfusion. In every respect, peak I had the characteristics of
      intact hormone. At all times, peak II consisted of only COOH-terminal
      immunoreactivity and was biologically inactive. At early time periods, peak III
      contained predominantly NH2-terminal immunoreactivity and was biologically
      active. With time, the relative contribution of NH2-terminal immunoreactivity
      decreased strikingly while that of COOH-terminal immunoreactivity increased. The
      three peaks identified in these experiments were analogous in  size, biological
      activity, and immunological characteristics to those we have previously described
      for fractionated human hyperparathyroid serum. The rate of metabolism of PTH
      appeared to be regulated by the calcium concentration in the medium. At a high
      concentration of calcium (greater than 11 mg/100 ml), PTH metabolism was greatly
      retarded. At a low concentration of calcium (smaller than 5 mg/100 ml), the rate
      of metabolism was greatly increased. The physiological significance of our
      observations on the metabolism of PTH by isolated perfused rat liver is not
      known. However, since such metabolism results in a biologically active fragment,
      it is suggested that metabolism of intact hormone may be required before full
      biological expression is possible.

PMID- 166095
TI  - Inorganic pyrophosphate pool size and turnover rate in arthritic joints.
AB  - Recent studies have shown elevated inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) levels in most
      knee joint fluid supernates from patients with pseudogout (PG) or osteoarthritis
      (OA) and more modestly elevated levels in some supernates from patients with gout
      or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) relative to PPi levels found in the venous blood
      plasma of normal or arthritic subjects. We measured the intraarticular PPi pool
      and its rate of turnover to better understand the significance of the joint fluid
      plasma PPi gradient. Preliminary studies in rabbits showed that (32-P)PPi passed
      from joint space to blood and vice versa without detectable hydrolysis.
      Incubation of natural or synthetic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD)
      microcrystals with synovial fluid in vitro in the presence of (32P)PPi tracer
      showed no change in PPi specific activity in the supernate over a 19-h period so
      that exchange of PPi in solution with that in CPPD microcrystals could be
      ignored. Clearance rates of (32P)PPi and of (33P)Pi, as determined by serially
      sampling the catheterized knee joints of volunteers with various types of
      arthritis over a 3-h period, were nearly identical. The (32P)PPi/(32P)Pi was
      determined in each sample. A mixture of a large excess of cold PPi did not
      influence the clearance rate of either nuclide. The quantity of PPi turned over
      per hous was calculated from the pool size as determined by isotope dilution and
      the turnover rate. The residual joint fluid nuclide was shown to be (32P)PPi. The
      PPi pool was generally smaller and the rate of turnover was greater in clinically
      inflamed joints. The mean plus or minus SEM pool size (mu-moles) and turnover
      rate (percent/hour) in PG knees was 0.23 plus or minus 0.07 and 117 plus or minus
      11.9, hydrolysis rate (%/h) to Pi was 27.7 plus or minus 13.2; in OA knees: 0.45
      plus or minus 0.26 and 72 plus or minus 9.2, hydrolysis 6.9 plus or minus 0.9; in
      gouty knees: 0.8 plus or minus 0.41 and 50 plus or minus 11.6, hydrolysis 9.8
      plus or minus 2.8; and in RA knees: 0.14 plus or minus 0.14 and 114 plus or minus
      35.8, hydrolysis 236 plus or minus 116. PPi turnover (mumoles/hour) correlated
      with the degree of OA change present in the joint as graded by radiologic
      criteria irrespective of the clinical diagnosis. Mean PPi turnover in joints with
      advanced OA was greater than in those with mild or moderate changes (P smaller
      than 0.001), but the mild and moderate groups showed no significant difference.
      We conclude that synovial PPi turnover and elevated PPi fluid concentrations are
      not specific for PG patients, and that these factors alone cannot be the only
      determinants of CPPD crystal deposition.

PMID- 166094
TI  - The role of superoxide anion generation in phagocytic bactericidal activity.
      Studies with normal and chronic granulomatous disease leukocytes.
AB  - The capacity of human phagocytes to generate superoxide anion (O2-), a free
      radical of oxygen, and a possible role for this radical or its derivatives in the
      killing of phagocytized bacteria were explored using leukocytes from normal
      individuals and patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Superoxide
      dismutase, which removes O2-, consistently inhibited phagocytosis-associated
      nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction indicating the involvement of O2- in this
      process. Similarly, superoxide dismutase inhibited the luminescence that occurs
      with phagocytosis, implicating O2- in this phenomenon, perhaps through its
      spontaneous dismutation into singlet oxygen. Subcellular fractions from
      homogenates of both normal and CGD leukocytes generated O2- effectively in the
      presence of NADH as substrate. However, O2- generation by intact cells during
      phagocytosis was markedly diminished in nine patients with CGD. Leukocytes from
      mothers determined to be carriers of X-linked recessive CGD by intermediate
      phagocytic reduction of NBT elaborated O2- to an intermediate extent, further
      demonstrating the interrelationship between NBT reduction and O2- generation in
      phagocytizing cells. Activity of superoxide dismutase, the enzyme responsible for
      protecting the cell from the damaging effects of O2-, was approximately equal in
      homogenates of normal and CGD granulocytes. Polyacrylamide electrophoresis
      separated this activity into a minor band that appeared to be the manganese
      containing superoxide dismutase associated with mitochondria and a more
      concentrated, cyanide-sensitive, cytosol form of the enzyme with electrophoretic
      mobility that corresponded to that of erythrocyte cuprozinc superoxide dismutase.
      Superoxide dismutase inhibited the phagocytic killing of Escherichia coli,
      Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus viridans. A similar inhibitory effect
      was noted with catalase which removes hydrogen peroxide. Neither enzyme inhibited
      the ingestion of bacteria. Peroxide and O2- are believed to interact to generate
      the potent oxidant, hydroxyl radical (.OH). A requirement for .OH in the
      phagocytic bactericidal event might explain the apparent requirement for both O2-
      and H2O2 for such activity. In agreement with this possibility, benzoate and
      mannitol, scavengers of .OH, inhibited phagocytic bactericidal activity.
      Generation of singlet oxygen from O2- and .OH also might explain these findings.
      It would seem clear from these and other studies that the granulo cyte elaborates
      O2- as a concomitant of the respiratory burst that occurs with phagocytosis. To
      what extent the energy inherent in O2- is translated into microbialdeath through
      O2- itself, hydrogen peroxide, .OH, singlet oxygen, or some other agent remains
      to be clearly defined.

PMID- 166096
TI  - Properties of improved glass-ionomer cement formulations.

PMID- 166097
TI  - Effects of trigeminal tractotomy and of carbamazepine on single trigeminal
      sensory neurons in cats.

PMID- 166099
TI  - Dream content and adaptation to a stressful situation.

PMID- 166098
TI  - Pharmacology and therapeutics of bone.

PMID- 166100
TI  - Dream deprivation and facilitation with hypnosis.

PMID- 166101
TI  - Plaque accumulation on composite surfaces after various finising procedures.
AB  - A clinical study was undertaken to determine the rate at which plaque accumulates
      on the surfaces of composite restorations on which four finishing techniques were
      used. Plaque on these surfaces was compared with that on control surfaces with
      polished metallic or glazed porcelain restorations, and unrestored enamel
      surfaces. Composite surfaces were covered with plaque after 24 hours regardless
      of the finishing technique used. Plaque did not collect on adjacent control teeth
      to this degree until the third day, although the diffence remained statistically
      significant. Surface discrepancies on the polished composites were shown in
      scanning electron micrographs and with laboratory measurements.

PMID- 166103
TI  - Modification of human serum albumin with trifluoromethyl-substituted aryl halides
      and sulfonates.

PMID- 166102
TI  - Effect of Bordetella pertussis extract and vasoactive amines on vascular
      permeability.
AB  - Vasxular permeability to Evans blue dye and 131-I-labeled human serum albumin was
      studied in normal mice and in mice treated with alkaline saline extracts (SE)
      from Bordetella pertussis cells. Skin sites inoculated intracutaneously with
      small doses of histamine, serotonin, or a combination of these 2 substances were
      more permeable in SE-treated mice than in normal animals. Intravenously
      administered catecholamines were able to reduce in varying degrees the vascular
      permeability induced by serotonin or by histamine in normal mice; in SE-treated
      mice the catecholamines were less effective. The relative effectiveness of
      intravenously administered catecholamines to reduce vascular permeability in
      normal or SE-treated mice was ranked as follows: isoproterenol greater than
      epinephrine greater than norepinephrine. When catecholamines were given
      concomitantly with histamine and serotonin in the skin test site, the
      permeability in both normal and SE-treated mice was again reduced or blocked, but
      isoproterenol was only weakly effective in this instance. Their relative
      effectiveness was epinephrine greater than norepinephrine greater than
      isoproterenol. The possible explanations for these results are discussed.

PMID- 166104
TI  - Electronic spectral and magnetic susceptibility studies of nickel[II] and cobalt
      [II] carboxypeptidase A complexes.

PMID- 166105
TI  - A convenient preparation of solutions of superoxide aniom and the reaction of
      superoxide anion with a copper (II) complex.

PMID- 166106
TI  - Synthesis, stereochemistry, and structure-related properties of alpha, beta,
      gamma, delta-tetraphenylporphinatoiron(II).

PMID- 166107
TI  - Electron spin resonance study of liquids during photolysis. XIX. Aliphatic
      dipeptides.

PMID- 166109
TI  - Assignment of the configuration of the steroid spin label, 3-doxyl-5alpha
      cholestane.

PMID- 166108
TI  - Comparative study of the structure and conformation in aqueous solution of the
      antileukemic agent 6-thiopurine ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate to that of common
      purine 5'-nucleotides.

PMID- 166110
TI  - Letter: Models for cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 166111
TI  - Studies on the interactions of spin-labeled substrates with chymotrypsin and with
      cycloamyloses.

PMID- 166112
TI  - Radical decay kinetics in ferrocytochrome c model membranes.  A spin label study.

PMID- 166113
TI  - Triplet state electron paramagnetic resonance studies of zinc porphyrins and zinc
      substituted hemoglobins and myoglobins.

PMID- 166114
TI  - Spectral studies of copper(II) carboxypeptidase A and related model complexes.

PMID- 166115
TI  - Amoebic abscess of the spleen.

PMID- 166116
TI  - Evidence for the complex nature of the ganglioside receptor for cholera toxin.
AB  - Choleragenoid binds more slowly and less strongly than cholera toxin to
      intestinal mucosal cells, and even less strongly to free ganglioside in solution.
      However, binding to ganglioside is greatly enhanced when the ganglioside is in
      the form of an insoluble complex with cerebroside. These findings suggest that
      both the binding and the active components of the toxin molecule may be necessary
      for optimal binding of the toxin to the intact cell, and that the ganglioside in
      the cell receptor is in a complex form. Choleragenoid only partially blocks the
      action of the toxin on ruptured cells. This observation indicates that, while
      binding to a membrane receptor is necessary for the action of the toxin on the
      whole cell, it is possible to activate adenyl cyclase in a perforated cell by a
      process apparently independent of membrane binding; however, this activation may
      be possible only if the toxin preparation contains the active component
      dissociated from choleragenoid.

PMID- 166117
TI  - Antiviral activity of an adenosine deaminase inhibitor: decreased replication of
      herpes simplex virus.
AB  - A unique seven-membered heterocyclic-ring inhibitor of adenosine deaminase was
      studied. One preparation of the compound inhibited replication of herpes simplex
      virus in the absence of adenine arabinoside. In this capacity, the minimal
      inhibitory concentration of deaminase inhibitor for herpes simplex virus type 1
      (HSV-1), with 50 percent reduction of plaque-forming units as the end point, was
      37.7 mug/ml. This activity compared favorably with the inhibitory activity of ara
      hypoxanthine (34.1 mug/ml). Another preparation of deaminase inhibitor lacked
      antiviral activity. On the other hand, the adenosine deaminase inhibitor was
      active at a concentration of 0.009 mug/ml as a potentiator of the inhibition of
      HSV-1 by adenine arabinoside. The potentiation of adenine arabinoside by
      deaminase inhibitor is about 4,000 times more potent than the activity of the
      direct inhibitory effect on HSV-1. The nature of the possible contaminant of the
      preparation in question is unknown. Coformycin, another inhibitor of adenosine
      deaminase, had no antiviral activity in the absence of adenine arabinoside.

PMID- 166118
TI  - Role of infection in the cause and course of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

PMID- 166119
TI  - The effect of dexamethasone on the control of plasma aldosterone concentration in
      normal recumbent man.
AB  - In order to evaluate the control of the circadian rhythm of plasma aldosterone
      concentration in man, plasma aldosterone, cortisol, sodium and potassium
      concentrations, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured in samples obtained
      at 20-minute intervals from 0200 to 0800 in sodium repleted (180 mEq. per day of
      diet) and sodium depleted (22 mEq. per day of diet) normal subjects. During
      sodium replete studies, plasma aldosterone and cortisol concentrations were
      significantly correlated (p greater than 0.01) in all 4 subjects. Plasma
      aldosterone also correlated with PRA (p greather than 0.01) in 2 subjects and
      with potassium (p greater than 0.01) in one. Episodic increases in plasma
      aldosterone concentration were observed despite suppression of ACTH by
      dexamethasone treatment. Plasma aldosterone concentrations were significantly
      correlated with PRA (p greater than 0.05 and p greater than 0.01) in only 2 of 4
      subjects under these conditions. Following sodium restriction, plasma aldosterone
      concentrations were not significantly correlated with plasma cortisol and only
      infrequently with either PRA or potassium. When dexamethasone was administered
      during the low sodium diet, correlations with PRA (p greater than 0.001) were
      seen in 2 of 3 subjects and with potassium (p greater than 0.01) in 1 of 3
      subjects. There was no significant correlation between plasma aldosterone and
      sodium concentration during any of the studies. These results are compatible with
      the concept that the relative importance of PRA, ACTH, and potassium in inducing
      changes in aldosterone production during the early morning hours is partially
      dependent upon dietary sodium, but also varies between individuals studied during
      similar sodium diets. The episodic alterations of plasma aldosterone
      concentration continued after ACTH was suppressed by dexamethasone pretreatment.
      These changes, in the absence of a consistent significant correlation with PRA
      and sodium and potassium concentrations, further suggest that another factor(s)
      may be important in controlling aldosterone production in recumbent normal
      subjects.

PMID- 166120
TI  - Conservative surgical treatment of mixed tumours of the parotid gland.
AB  - The author presents 44 cases of mixed tumours of the parotid gland, operated on
      by simple enucleation and not radical removal of the gland, which most authors
      maintain must always be carried out. There were 6 recurrences (13.6 percent), and
      the last appeared in 1965. He maintains that simple enucleation is justified. It
      is reasonable to hope for a further decrease in the number of recurrences with
      future improvement in surgical techniques.

PMID- 166121
TI  - Proceedings: Steroid hormone receptors in rat testicular tissue.

PMID- 166123
TI  - Proceedings: Metabolism of oestrone sulphate and binding of oestrogens by the
      brain and pituitary of foetal and adult sheep.

PMID- 166125
TI  - Proceedings: Studies in vitro on oestradiol high affinity binding in cytosols
      from different brain regions and pituitary of the adult male rat.

PMID- 166122
TI  - Proceedings: Specificity of dihydrotestosterone binding in cytosol from rat
      brain, pituitary and ventral prostate gland.

PMID- 166124
TI  - Proceedings: Changes in the concentration of cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors in
      the hypothalamus, amygdala, pituitary and uterus of the ovariectomized rat after
      administration of oestradiol-17beta.

PMID- 166126
TI  - Proceedings: Oestrogen receptor content and hormone-responsive growth of mouse
      mammary tumours.

PMID- 166127
TI  - Proceedings: Inhibition of the binding of oestradiol to its specific receptor by
      C19 steroids in human mammary tumour and myometrial tissue.

PMID- 166128
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of long-acting preparations of corticotrophin and
      corticotrophin analogues on inter-male fighting behaviour in albino mice.

PMID- 166129
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of corticotrophin-like neuropeptides on male sexual
      behaviour in the rat.

PMID- 166130
TI  - Gel filtration of human urinary immunoreactive luteinizing hormone.
AB  - In human urinary concentrates and also in a urinary gonadotrophin standard (2nd
      IRP-HMG), gel-filtration analysis revealed three main peaks of immunoassayable
      luteinizing hormone (LH). A similar analysis of LH extracted from human
      pituitaries showed most of the activity in a peak of larger molecular weight, and
      only minor fractions in the positions of the urinary peaks. In an extract of
      normal human serum, analyss showed only one similar peak of large molecular
      weight, which also emerged before the urinary peaks. During an i.v. infusion of
      pituitary LH into normal men, the urinary LH activity increased but was still
      found only in the same three peaks on gel filtration, and all were of a molecular
      weight smaller than that of the infused material; but a higher proportion of the
      urinary LH was found in the earliest of these peaks compared with that found
      before infusion. Conversely, 20-35 h after the i.v. infusion, there was a
      slightly higher proportion of LH activity in the third peak of smallest molecular
      weight. These findings suggest that the urinary immunoassayable LH, which is
      found in three peaks of different molecular weights, is derived from the
      pituitary or serum LH of higher molecular weight. The changes in the proportions
      of larger or smaller molecular weight fractions in the urine during and after LH
      infusion suggest that the earliest peak may be disaggregated serum LH, while the
      last or smallest molecular weight peak may comprise metabolites of LH.

PMID- 166131
TI  - Physiological variation in abundance of oestrogen specific high-affinity binding
      sites in hypothalamus, pituitary and uterus of the rat.
AB  - High-affinity binding of [2,4,6,7-3-H]oestradiol-17 beta has been studied in
      cytosols prepared from hypothalami, pituitaries and uteri of female rats killed
      at different stages of the oestrous cycle, and in cytosols prepared from the
      hypothalami and pituitaries of male rats. In all cases the equilibrium
      dissociation constant of reaction was of the order of 10- minus 10 mol/1. The
      number of available high affinity sites per tissue (n) varied with physiological
      state. In females, n fluctuated with the oestrus cycle. In hypothalamus and
      pituitary, n fell by about 60 and 40% respectively in pro-oestrus, replenishment
      occurred during oestrus but could be delayed by phenobarbitone administration
      during the afternoon of pro-oestrus. In the uterus, n varied biphasically, there
      being peaks during dioestrus and oestrus, and troughs at pro-oestrus and
      metoestrus. The numbers of available sites at metoestrus were 12-5 times 10-9, 10
      6 times 10-10 and 24-4 times times 10-10 for hypothalamus, pituitary and uterus
      respectively. In male rats, values for n were similar to those obtained for
      females at pro-oestrus (n/hypothalamus equals 6-8 times 10-9, n/pituitary equals
      4-2 times 10-10). Binding was oestrogen specific in all the tissues studied.

PMID- 166132
TI  - Proceedings: Hormonal contraceptives and sex hormone-binding globulin capacity.

PMID- 166134
TI  - Metabolic effects of 2-bromo ergocryptine-methane-sulphonate (CB 154) in the rat.

PMID- 166135
TI  - Proceedings: Dose-response characteristics of rat median eminence extract with
      corticotrophin-releasing activity.

PMID- 166133
TI  - A comparison of the effects of the calcitonins, steroid hormones and thyroid
      hormones on the response of bone to parathyroid hormone in tissue culture.
AB  - A bone culture system was used to compare the effects of several hormones on the
      response of 5-day-old mouse calvaria to parathyroid hormone (PTH). The results
      showed that salmon calcitonin was almost 10-5 times more active than any other
      hormone in preventing the PTH-induced release of calcium and caused a dose
      related inhibition of calcium release over a range of 0-2-200 milli MRC
      units/culture. A high dose of calcitonin (200 milli MRC units) caused a net
      accretion of calcium in the absence of PTH. Progesterone and testosterone were
      more active than the naturally occurring oestrogens although a synthetic
      oestrogen (stillboestrol diphosphate) had approximately the same potency. High
      concentrations of these hormones caused a net accretion of calcium whether or not
      PTH was present. Cortisol was only effective at high doses, as was the steroid
      precursor cholesterol. In the present culture system the thyroid hormones
      (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) inhibited the action of PTH. It was concluded
      that these agents acted in a similar fashion to the oestrogens. That is, they
      prevented the accumulation of citric acid induced by PTH by reducing the rate of
      glycolysis. None of the hormones affected the inhibition of citrate oxidation
      caused by PTH. The results also showed that, whilst these hormones inhibited PTH
      mediated bone resorption, they had an action on bone independent of PTH.
      Experiments with clomiphene citrate failed to demonstrate an oestrogen receptor
      in bone.

PMID- 166136
TI  - Proceedings: Do hormones induce their own receptor in foetal life? The
      suppression of corticotrophin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the foetal rabbit
      adrenal by the administration of cortisol.

PMID- 166137
TI  - Proceedings: Cyclic AMP and corticosteroid output of isolated adrenal cells
      stimulated by cholera toxin.

PMID- 166138
TI  - Proceedings: The role of Ca-2+ and cyclic AMP in the action of parathyroid
      hormone on embryonic bone in vitro.

PMID- 166139
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of luteinizing hormone and NaCl on cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinase in rat testis interstitial tissue.

PMID- 166140
TI  - Proceedings: Growth and morphological differentiation of rat pineal cells in
      monolayer cultures.

PMID- 166141
TI  - Proceedings: Metabolism of hydroxylated sterols in isolated rat adrenal cells.

PMID- 166142
TI  - Development of parthenogenetic membranes in double-yolked and injected chicken
      eggs.
AB  - Development of parthenogenetic eggs is expressed in a Dark Cornish stock by
      either membrane or embryo formation. Double-yolked eggs have membranes developing
      in zero, one, or two yolks. The incidence of double-yolked eggs with two
      membranes was higher than expected when compared with the incidence of single
      yolked eggs from the same hens. Membrane formation was increased over that of the
      controls by injecting saline, Ringer's solution, or ground crude membranes. Yolk
      and membranes filtered through a 3 mu filter or autoclaved did not increase
      membrane formation over that of the controls. Fertile membranes behaved like
      parthenogenetic membranes.

PMID- 166143
TI  - The physiological function of nitrate reduction in Clostridium perfringens.
AB  - Fermentation-balance studies have been carried out on Clostridium perfringens
      grown in the presence and absence of nitrate in the medium. Nitrate is able to
      serve as an electron acceptor for these bacteria, permitting increased growth
      yields over those obtained in its absence. This increase is due to an increase in
      the proportion of metabolite molecules which can participate in substrate-level
      phosphorylation reactions when an inorganic acceptor is available. The nitrate
      reduction can be regarded as a primitive form of anaerobic respiration in these
      bacteria, since it is clearly coupled to their energy metabolism and is not
      assimilative in function. We believe that the existence of this kind of energy
      metabolism in these bacteria has significant evolutionary implications.

PMID- 166144
TI  - The influence of sodium, potassium and lanthanum on amino acid release from
      spinal-medullary synaptosomes.

PMID- 166145
TI  - Angiotensin-converting enzyme in human brain.

PMID- 166146
TI  - The induction of intractranial neoplasms by the inoculation of avian sarcoma
      virus in perinatal and adult rats.
AB  - The induction of intracranial neoplasms following the intracerebral inoculation
      of avian sarcoma virus (ASV) in neonatal mammals is well established. The present
      study demonstrates the susceptibility of adult rats and compares the incidence
      and morphology of tumors induced by a uniform inoculum of the Bratislava-77
      strain of ASV in adult, neonatal, and fetal Fischer 344 rats. Post-inoculation
      mortality varied significantly between groups inoculated at 1, 10 and 100 days
      and was most precipitous in perinatally inoculated rats. Percentage of tumor
      induction declined from 100% among rats inoculated at 1 day of age to 50% among
      rats inoculated at 100 days of age. The mean number of tumors/animal was
      inversely proportional to the logarithm of the age at inoculation. A large
      majority of tumors in each group were glial; the remainder were mesenchymal and
      mixed glial and mesenchymal. Neuroglial tumors included: mixed gliomas with
      oligodendroglial and astrocytic elements; and gemistocytic, pilocytic,
      fibrillary, anaplastic and protoplasmic astrocytomas. Tumors induced in perinates
      were more heterogeneous in histological pattern while tumors induced in perinates
      were more heterogeneous in histological pattern while tumors induced in older
      animals tended to be purely astrocytic and of uniform cell type. Mesenchymal
      tumors occurred primarily in the meninges and were common among animals
      inoculated perinatally but were rare among animals inoculated as adults. No
      neuronal tumors were encountered even among rats inoculated as early as 16 days
      of gestation.

PMID- 166147
TI  - Herpes simplex virus encephalitis in suckling mice: ultrastructural studies of
      virus replication.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies concerning the replication and release of a neuro-adapted
      strain of herpes simplex virus were carried out on acutely encephalitic mice. It
      was found that envelopment of nucleocapsid particles at the nuclear membrane of
      brain cells was inefficient, resulting in accumulation of unenveloped
      nucleocapsids in the cell cytoplasm. These nucleocapsids were associated with
      arrays of microtubules within cytoplasmic processes. Enveloped particles were
      rarely present in tissur spaces. Those that were seen appeared to be in a state
      of disintegration. This replication process of herpes simplex virus in the murine
      encephalitis model differs from that observed in tissue culture cells. The
      implications of these differences are discussed.

PMID- 166148
TI  - Ultrastructure of the terminals of an identified dopamine-containing neurone
      markedby intracellular injection of radioactive dopamine.
AB  - The terminal processes of an identified dopamine-containing neurone in the
      central nervous system of the water snail were located for study with the
      electron microscope. This was achieved by intracellular injection of 3-H-dopamine
      followed by light and electron microscope autoradiography. The neurone showed
      extensive branching in ganglia whereprevious electrophysiological work had shown
      the presence of postsynaptic neurones. The terminal processes in these ganglia
      contained dense-cored vesicles of 50-250 nm diametersimilar to those in the
      perikaryon. Vesicles were found in large numbers in certain lacalized regions
      which may be synaptic terminals. The vesicles, which appear to take updopamine,
      tended to be smaller in the presumed terminal regions than in the preterminals
      and the perikaryon. No membrane specializations associated with typical synapses
      were observed.

PMID- 166149
TI  - Possible intervention of insulin, cyclic AMP, and glucocorticoids in protein
      sparing action of dietary carbohydrate in rats.
AB  - The present study was carried out to examine the possible intervention of some
      hormones in the "protein-sparing/actions of dietary carbohydrate and fat.
      Administration of either a carbohydrate meal or a fat meal to fasted rats caused
      a reduction in the urinary output of urea and total nitrogen with a concomitant
      decrease in rate of urogenesis in liver. as well as the activities of some amino
      acid-catabolizing enzymes in liver. The sparing action of carbohydrate but not
      that of fat was abolished in alloxan-diabetic rats. Feeding rats a carbohydrate
      meal caused a marked reduction in the amount of cyclic AMP in liver. The change
      was coincident with a reduction in the level of plasma urea and the urinary
      output of urea and total nitorgen. Administration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      abolished the carbohydrate-induced depression of urinary output of urea and total
      nitrogen as well as partially the activity of serine dehydratase in liver.
      Feeding a carbohydrate meal resulted in a significant reduction in the level of
      corticosterone in plasma. However, the possible intervention of glucocorticoids
      in the protein-sparing action of carbohydrate was ruled out inasmuch as the
      action of carbohydrate was also observed in the adrenalectomized rats. The
      overall results suggest that the protein-sparing action of dietary carbohydrate
      may be exerted in a different fashion from that of fat, that is, through
      depression of cyclic AMP in liver and thus the reduction of the degradation of
      amino acids in liver

PMID- 166151
TI  - Intrathecal administration of interferon in neonatal herpes.

PMID- 166150
TI  - Cyclic AMP metabolism and nucleic acid content in the lymphocytes of the thymus,
      spleen, and lymph nodes of protein-deficient rats.
AB  - The concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and its metabolites (5'-AMP and adenosine)
      as well as the adenyl cyclase, cAMP phosphodiesterase, and 5'-nucleotidase
      activities were determined in lymphocytes of thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes of
      control and protein-deficient rats. The values of these parameters, when
      expressed as per milligran DNA and as per 10-8 cells, but not always when
      expressed as per milligran protein, were much lower in the thymus as compared
      with the spleen and the lymph nodes in the control rats. The protein-deficient
      diet increased the nucleotide concentrations in the thymus and spleen lymphocytes
      on a per milligram DNA basis except those of thymic cAMP, which did not change.
      The same diet also increased the activities of the enzymes involved in the cAMP
      metabolism in thymic, splenic, and lymph node lymphocytes. Such a peculiarity
      could be related to the reduction of the mitotic activity of lymphocytes caused
      by protein deficiency since an inverse relationship has been reported between
      this activity and the synthesis of cAMP. On the other hand, it was noted that
      purified lymphocyte suspensions contained paradoxically higher amounts per cell
      of DNA, RNA, and protein in the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes of protein
      deficient rats as compared with those of the control rats. However, when the cell
      preparations were not purified, only the lymph node cells displayed a strong
      increase in their DNA content. Prolongation of the S phase of the cell cycle in
      these lymphocytes is suggested.

PMID- 166152
TI  - Letter: Supraventricular tachycardia in an infant associated with a rhinoviral
      infection.

PMID- 166153
TI  - [Separation of agglutinin from eggs of Rana nigromaculata nigromaculata Hallowell
      and its interaction with ascites hepatoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 166154
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: properties, activators, inhibitors,
      structure--activity relationships, and possible role in drug development.

PMID- 166155
TI  - Timed-release depot for anticancer agents.
AB  - The timed-release of anticancer agents from composities with poly (lactic acid)
      was studied in rats. In the case of cyclophosphamide-poly (lactic acid)
      composites, 67% of the administered dose was released within 34 days. With cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum (II), the amount of drug released was only 9.3% within
      the same period. This difference might be attributed to the different
      solubilities of these two drugs in the polymer. Electron spectroscopy chemical
      analysis, a new tool, was used to investigate the extent of diffusion of drugs in
      polymer films.

PMID- 166156
TI  - Quantitative GLC determination of conjugated estrogens in raw materials and
      finished dosage forms.
AB  - A GLC method is described for the quantitative analysis of conjugated estrogens.
      The procedure was used for the analysis of various estrogen mixtures obtained
      from formulations containing estrogen sodium sulfate salts. The method involves
      slurrying or dissolving a portion of the formulation pH 5.2 buffer, hydrolysis
      with sulfatase enzyme, extraction with ethylene dichloride, anf finally, GLC
      separation and quantitation of the corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers on a 2.5%
      diethylene glycol succinate column.

PMID- 166157
TI  - Release of norepinephrine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by nerve stimulation. IV.
      An evaluation of a role for cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
AB  - The effects of several cyclic nucleotide analogs and of phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors on the release of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
      activity (DBH) by electrical stimulation were studied in the isolated, perfused
      cat spleen. N-6-butyryl-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (mbcAMP), 8-methylthio
      3',5'-adenosine monophosphate, 8-bromo-3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP)
      and two potent phosphodiesterase inhibitors: 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine and 4-(3
      butoxy-4-methoxy-benzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Ro 20-1724) enhanced the overflow of
      NE and total H and reduced pressure responses elicited by nerve stimulation. A
      concomitant outflow of DBH activity was observed in the presence of mbcAMP, 8-Br
      cGMP or Ro 20-1724. Synergistic effects on the nerve stimulation-mediated
      overflow of NE and DBH were obtained with low concentratons of Ro 20-1724 and
      mbcAMP (5 muM). Adenosine 5'-monophosphate produced a very slight increase in
      nerve stimulated release of NE and DBH activity in concentrations which inhibited
      pressor responses considerably. cAMP produced slight inhibition of pressure
      responses but failed to influence the release of either NE or DBH activity during
      nerve stimulation. In contrast to the enhanced overflow of NE and DBH activity
      induced by nerve stimulation, with the exception of Ro 20-1724, the spontaneous
      release of these substances was not modified by any of the cyclic nucleotide
      analogs or phosphodiesterase inhibitors examined. This effect of Ro 20-1724 can
      probably be explained by the ability of this compound to inhibit the activity of
      monoamine oxidase and therefore reduce the formation of deaminated metabolites.
      The present results suggest that cyclic nucleotides are not directly responsible
      for the release of the adrenergic neurotransmitter, but may facilitate the normal
      process of release by nerve stimulation. Phentolamine, a blocker of the alpha
      adrenergic receptors, produced a marked increase in the nerve stimulation
      mediated overflow of NE, total H and DBH activity and inhibited pressure
      responses. This effect was several times greater than that produced by either
      cyclic nucleotide analogs or phosphodiesterase inhibitors. In addition, the
      effect of phentolamine was not modified by prior treatment with 1-methyl-3
      isobutylxanthine or Ro 20-1724, suggesting that the effect of phentolamine is not
      related to its ability to inhibit phosphodiesterase and is probably not mediated
      via an increase in cAMP.

PMID- 166158
TI  - Increased sensitivity to dopaminergic agents after chronic neuroleptic treatment.
AB  - Male CF-1 mice were treated for 14 days with diets containing haloperidol,
      thioridazine HCl and 4'-fluoro-4[[4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-methoxycyclohexyl]-amino]
      butyrophenone HCl (U35,777A). At various times during and after neuroleptic
      treatment, spontaneous and d-amphetamine-stimulated motor activity were measured.
      Two days after cessation of treatment, the mice displayed enhanced spontaneous
      and d-amphetamine-stimulated motor activity. This effect was no longer apparent 9
      days after neuroleptic intake was terminated. With a quantal test based on the
      climbing activity induced by apomorphine, it was determined that mice were also
      supersensitive to apomorphine at 2 days but not 9 days after withdrawal from
      chronic haloperidol. In an attempt to correlate this supersensitivity to a
      biochemical parameter related to receptor function, dopamine-stimulated adenyl
      cyclase activity was assayed in striatal homogenates of mice 2 days after
      haloperidol withdrawal. No alteration in this parameter was observed. Likewise,
      the ability of apomorphine to elevate striatal cyclic adenosine monophosphate
      concentrations in vivo was unaltered by withdrawal from chronic haloperidol.
      Chronic treatment with neuroleptics results in a brief supersensitivity to
      dopaminergic agents. This effect does not appear to be accompanied by increases
      in dopamine-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity in the corpus striatum.

PMID- 166160
TI  - The distribution of acetylcholine sensitivity at the post-synaptic membrane  of
      vertebrate skeletal twitch muscles: iontophoretic mapping in the micron range.
AB  - 1. The distribution of acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity was mapped in skeletal
      twitch muscles of the snake, frog and mudpuppy with iontophoretic methods that
      provide a resolution in the mum range. 2. The preparations were thin sheets of
      muscle fibres that were viewed with Nomarski optics, giving sharp definition of
      cellular detail. The muscles in the snake were especially suitable. Their motor
      nerves terminate in a compact cluster of synaptic boutons that rest in distinct
      craters on the muscle surface. After treatment with collagenase the motor nerve
      and its terminal boutons can be removed, exposing the subsynaptic membrane in the
      craters. 3. The slopes of dose-response curves obtained by iontophoretic
      application of ACh were expressed in mV/nC and used as an index of ACh
      sensitivity. The areas of highest sensitivity, tested either with the terminals
      in place or removed, were those immediately under the presynaptic terminals. The
      greatest subsynaptic sensitivities were about 5000 mV/nC, and the time course of
      the potentials caused by ACh released iontophoretically closely matched that of
      synaptic potentials set up by ACh released by the nerve. 4. The sensitivity of
      the extrasynaptic surface less than 2 mum away was at least 50 times lower than
      that of the subsynaptic membrane. The low extrasynaptic sensitivity declined
      still further at greater distances. 5. Acetylcholinesterase was shown
      physiologically to be confined to subsynaptic  areas. No activity of the enzyme
      was detected in extrasynaptic areas beyond about 2 mum from the edge of the
      synapse. 6. The confinement of high densities of receptors and of
      acetylcholinesterase to the subsynaptic membrane in muscles is also a feature in
      parasympathetic neurones. It is suggested that similar specialization may be a
      widespread property of neurones with chemical synapses.

PMID- 166159
TI  - Increased extrajunctional acetylcholine sensitivity produced by chronic
      acetylcholine sensitivity produced by chronic post-synaptic neuromuscular
      blockade.
AB  - 1. Anaesthetized rats were paralysed for periods of up to 3 days by chronic
      administration of D-tubocurarine (DTC), succinylcholine or alpha-bungarotoxin. 2.
      After 3 days of treatment with DTC, the phrenic nerve remained active.
      Neuromuscular transmission and spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials
      (m.e.p.p.s) were restored after removal of the DTC. Resting potentials and input
      resistances of muscle fibres that had been paralysed for 3 days were similar to
      those in denervated fibers. 3. Chronic neuromuscular blockade increased the
      binding of [125-I]-alpha-bungarotoxin by extrajunctional regions of muscle. The
      time course of the increase was similar to that seen after denervation. Binding
      to muscles from animals that were anaesthetized and respirated, but not
      paralysed, was not increased. 4. Three days of paralysis increased the
      sensitivity of the extrajunctional muscle membrane to acetylcholine (ACh) applied
      by iontophoresis. 5. Approximately the same proportion of muscle fibres from
      muscles paralysed for 3 days gave overshooting action potentials in the presence
      of tetrodotoxin 10-minus 6 g/ml. as did fibres form muscles denervated for 3
      days. 6. Chronic paralysis did not change the accumulation of
      acetylcholinesterase above a ligation in the sciatic nerve. 7. These results are
      consistent with the idea that extrajunctional ACh sensitivity is normally
      controlled by muscle activity.

PMID- 166161
TI  - Active chloride secretion by in vitro guinea-pig seminal vesicle and its possible
      relation to vesicular function in vivo.
AB  - 1. The guinea-pig seminal vesicle in vivo is characterized by a transmural
      electrical potential difference of approximately 11 mV with the lumen
      electrically negative with respect to the interstitial fluid. The concentrations
      of Na, Cl and K in the vesicular fluid are 13, 15, and 0-4 mM, respectively. 2.
      When mounted as a flat sheet in a short-circuit apparatus, guinea-pig seminal
      vesicles initially undergo a decline in the transmural electrical potential
      difference and short-circuit current ('low phase') followed by a spontaneous
      increase in these parameters ('high phase'). 3. During the low phase, net C1
      movements across the tissue do not differ significantly from zero, and there is a
      small 'residual' current that is unaccounted for. 4. During the high phase, there
      is a significant active C1 secretion into the mucosal solution, not detectable
      net movement of Na and an unaccounted for or 'residual' current that is equal to
      that found in the low phase. 5. Theophylline, dibutyryl-3'-5' cyclic
      adenosinemonophosphate,prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin F2alpha markedly
      stimulate the transmural electrical potential difference and short-circuit
      current during the low phase, but have no effect when added to the bathing
      solution during the high phase. 6. Diffusion potentials determined across in
      vitro seminal vesicles suggest that the spontaneous transmural electrical
      potential difference in vivo may be attributable to the large ionic asymmetries
      between the vesicular fluid and the plasma. 7. It is postulated that two phases
      are involved in the elaboration of seminal vesicular fluid. The initial phase,
      following emptying of the vesicle, is characterized by the secretion of
      electrolytes, organic molecules and water. Active C1 secretion presumably
      regulated by intracellular cyclic adenosinemonophosphate and/or prostaglandins
      may be the driving force for this initial secretion of electrolytes. Following
      this secretory phase, electrolytes and water are reabsorbed, thereby
      concentrating the organic components in the vesicular reservoir.

PMID- 166162
TI  - On the association between transmitter secretion and the release of adenine
      nucleotides from mammalian motor nerve terminals.
AB  - 1. Conventional electrophysiological techniques were used to record from isolated
      rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations. After periods of rest (20 min) or
      nerve stimulation (7/sec for 20 min) the bathing medium of the preparation was
      removed and assayed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate
      (ADP) using a sensitive modification of the firefly luciferase method (Silinsky,
      1974). 2. In the presence of tubocurarine and normal (2 mM) calcium, fourteen
      periods of nerve stimulation (eight preparations) caused the appearance of ATP
      and/or ADP in amounts ranging from 28 to 641 p-mole. Experiments using carbachol
      (30 muM or 1 mM) suggested that this nucleotide efflux was not produced by a
      secondary action of released acetylcholine (ACh). 3. Stimulation of isolate
      phrenic nerve trunks at 7/sec for 20 min did not cause the efflux of ATP or ADP.
      4. In solutions of normal osmotic pressure and reduced calcium concentrations (0
      1 mM or 'calcium-free'), stimulation failed to release adenine nucleotide from
      non-contracting preparations. 5. Diaphragms were bathed in normal calcium and
      indirectly stimulated at 11/sec for 80-90 min in the presence of 5 times 10-minus
      5 M hemicholinium-3. After all detectable signs of ACh release were eliminated,
      nerve stimulation failed to release ATP or ADP. 6. These results in conjunction
      with experiments on the hydrolysis of exogenous ATP suggest that ATP is released
      from the motor nerve ending and is subsequently degraded by enzymatic activity.
      It is also suggested that the released nucleotide may be derived from the
      cholinergic vesicle.

PMID- 166164
TI  - Cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate in cerebrospinal fluid during fever and
      antipyresis.

PMID- 166163
TI  - A note of the mechanism by which inhibitors of the sodium pump accelerate
      spontaneous release of transmitter from motor nerve terminals.
AB  - 1. The actions of 0-1 mM ouabain and of K-free Ringer have been examined at the
      frog neuromuscular junction. 2. After a delay of more than 30 min, ouabain
      produces an increase in the miniature end-plate potential (m.e.p.p.) frequency.
      This increase occurs unchanged in Ca-free Ringer containing 1 mM-EGTA and is
      therefore unlikely to be due to an entry of Ca into the motor nerve terminals. 3.
      If the nerve to the preparation is stimulated repetitively in Ca-free Ringer
      containing 0-1 mM ouabain and 1 mM-EGTA the response of the m.e.p.p. frequency
      depends on the timing of the tetanus relative to the beginning of the ouabain
      treatment. 4. During the first 30 min of exposure to ouabain, the tetanus
      produces a small, transient increase in the m.e.p.p. frequency similar to that
      which occurs before ouabain is present. After about 30 min the same tetanus
      produces large, irreversible increases in the m.e.p.p. frequency. 5. Superfusion
      of an end-plate with K-free Ringer causes an immediate exponential rise in the
      m.e.p.p. frequency that is unaffected by the presence of external Ca ions. On
      replacing the normal K of the Ringer (2 mM) the m.e.p.p. frequency recovers
      quickly to its original value. 6. Late in an exposure to 0-1 mM ouabain the
      m.e.p.p. frequency becomes extremely sensitive to changes in the external Na
      concentration, [Na]o. Reducing [Na]o increases the m.e.p.p. frequency. The
      sensitivity to [Na]o is independent of external Ca ions or whether the isotonic
      substitute for NaCl is LiCl or sucrose. 7. It is suggested that the spontaneous
      release of transmitter is facilitated, in some way, by the changes in the
      monovalent cation content of the nerve terminals that result from blocking the Na
      K exchange pump. The Na sensitivity of the m.e.p.p. frequency that develops
      simultaneously can be explained if a Na-dependent Ca efflux system is present in
      the membrane of the presynaptic terminals.

PMID- 166165
TI  - The effects of indomethacin and prostaglandin E1 on cyclic AMP levels in frog
      skin.

PMID- 166166
TI  - Glutamate binding to synaptic membranes - detection of post-synaptic receptor
      sites?

PMID- 166167
TI  - The relationship of adenosine triphosphatase activity to tension and power output
      of insect flight muscle.
AB  - 1. On a simple model of actomyosin interaction, the tension cost (ATP
      hydrolysed/unit tension) and the frequency of low amplitude oscillation optimum
      for work production are both determined by the rate of detachment from the actin
      filament of the myosin crossbridge. To test this model, the two parameters were
      measured under different conditions using glycerol-extracted Lethocerus
      cordofanus dorsal longitudinal flight muscle fibres. 2. The ATPase activity of
      the static muscle rose by an amount approximately proportional to the rise in
      tension as the muscle was stretched. 3. When the muscle fibres were sinusoidally
      oscillated at 5-10 Hz by 2% of their resting length they produced a large amount
      of mechanical power and hydrolysed approximately twice as much ATP per unit mean
      tension as they did when static. The ATPase activity was linearly related to the
      mean tension during oscillation. 4. The experiments were repeated at temperatures
      between 12 and 30 degrees C and the tension cost and the optimal frequency of
      oscillation of the fibres were found to rise with temperature. 5. Removal of
      phosphate from the incubating medium reduced both the tension cost and the
      optimal working frequency. Addition of pyrophosphate or sulphate reduced both
      parameters still further. 6. From these results the tension cost of static muscle
      was shown to be proportional to its optimal working frequency. 7. ATPase activity
      rose monotonically with power production at work-producing frequencies and at
      moderate degrees of stretch. A high absolute efficiency was found under a wide
      range of conditions. 8. The proportionality between tension cost and optimal
      frequency is evidence for the proposed model of actomyosin interaction.

PMID- 166168
TI  - Some management considerations in mental health and behavioral sciences.

PMID- 166170
TI  - Treating the suicidal patient: a communication approach.

PMID- 166169
TI  - Behavior modification approach in a partial day treatment center.
AB  - Since the beginning of the program in September 1970, we have found that a
      combined behavioral program of individual therapy, home intervention, and group
      therapy to be the most effective for maintaining a person in his community. In
      addition, we have not seen a need for a full eight-hour day in the clinic.
      Rather, we operate on the principle that it is more adaptive to keep a patient
      functioning in the community (natural environment) with support from us. For the
      extremely or severely disorganized person, we have found the application of
      behavior modification principles to be the most useful in the terms of
      establishing and maintaining adaptive behaviors, of interruptin and decreasing
      maladaptive behaviors and of offering support and guidance (generalization) to
      patients and families. We have also increased the amount of individual therapy
      and intensified the home intervention program. These changes have been based upon
      subjective data as well as objective data (change in patient behavior  while
      receiving and following a particular mode of therapy). The program has undergone
      many changes since its inception. We have found the behavior modification
      modality to be effective for establishing a program that patients can generalize
      to their community setting. Our constant thrust is to utilize already existing
      agencies in the community and to optimally assist the patient so that he may
      remain in his community. We have gone from an eclectic program to a systematic
      behavior modification program. The present behavioral program has been
      demonstrated to be an effective modality for the training of personnel. We are
      grateful to our staff for their cooperation and suggestions in making the program
      successful. In addition, we are indebted to our late Director, Curtis W; Gifford-
      a loyal and dedicated friend. We particularly appreciate his administrative
      skills and encouragement in developing an autonomous program.

PMID- 166171
TI  - Nursing management of the suicidal patient.

PMID- 166172
TI  - The nurse's role in a parenting process program.

PMID- 166173
TI  - Psychiatric drugs and trends: the law and the prescribing of narcotics,
      methadone, and other controlled substances.

PMID- 166175
TI  - A systems approach to private practice.

PMID- 166174
TI  - Geriatrics: medical insurance claims.

PMID- 166176
TI  - Accountability: a right of the rape victim.
AB  - Accountability by the professional is especially important in a crisis situation.
      Rape is experienced by victims as a life threatening situation and it thus
      triggers an acute stress reaction which requires them to go through a long-term
      reorganization process.  As a crisis situation, it makes them hypersensitive to
      the attitudes of those people to whom they turn for help and assistance.  Clients
      -in this case rape victims--benefit when professionals are careful to be
      accountable to them.  The victim counselors defined and redefined their role to
      the victims through their work with the victim as well as explaninig the services
      they could provide.  In reviewing the reactions of 146 victims to treatment by
      police, hospital, and counselors, one theme emerged again and again: clients want
      explanation from professionals about role expectations and about procedures that
      are to be done.

PMID- 166177
TI  - The nurse in the methadone maintenance program: expansions and transitions in
      role.

PMID- 166179
TI  - Tactics for counteracting staff apathy and hopelessness on a psychiatric unit.
AB  - In summary, then, the five following tactics are minimally demanding, and can
      provide high rewards in the battle against apathy and hopelessness on a
      psychiatric ward.  1. Identifying social system mechanisms.  2. Validating
      perceptions of ward happenings with a trusted other.  3. Giving (and hopefully
      receiving) "informational-support."  4. Using physical presence or being highly
      visible.  5. Chatting informally with other staff members.

PMID- 166178
TI  - Nutritional concerns of addicts in treatment.
AB  - Some of the subcultural phenomena affecting diet patterns of methadone patients
      have been utilized to derive principles of treatment intervention.  Attitudes and
      values related to time, treatment personnel, and group identification are
      important cultural determinants of beliefs and behaviors affecting nutrition. 
      The proposed program of intervention is based on ethnographic observations.  This
      suggested program emphasized the inclusion of cultural identity, sense of
      uniqueness and group information sharing and reinforcement.  These
      characteristics are valued highly in the informants' subcultural group, and are
      important components of acceptable proprosals for change within this group.

PMID- 166181
TI  - Utilization review and the AMA challenge.

PMID- 166180
TI  - International trends.  a nurse in Tanzania.

PMID- 166182
TI  - Candy, a brief history of.

PMID- 166183
TI  - Nursing homes and the elderly.

PMID- 166184
TI  - Nursing students' attitude changes toward psychiatric patients.

PMID- 166185
TI  - Chemotherapeutic nitroheterocycles. 18. 2-(5-Nitro-2-imidazolylmethylene)-1
      indanones, -1-tetralones, and -acetophenones substituted by aminoalkoxy groups.
AB  - 2-(5-Nitro-2-imidazolylmethylene)-1-indanones, -1-tetralones, and -acetophenones
      substituted by aminoalkoxy groups and related compounds (41-69, table ii) were
      synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated (table iii). Some
      of these compounds (e.g. 47, 52, and 59) suprisingly exhibited a broad
      antibacterial spectrum including Proteus species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
      Extraordinary antitrichomonal activities could also be observed in vitro (MIC of
      compound 59, 0.0004 pg/ml) and six of the title compounds (48, 49, 52, 58, 64,
      66) displayed in vivo activity in mice against Trichomonas vaginalis comparable
      to that of metronidazole (70).

PMID- 166186
TI  - Immunologic, virologic, and genetic aspects of mammary tumor virus-induced cell
      surface antigens: presence of these antigens and the Thy 1.2 antigen on murine
      mammary gland and tumor cells.
AB  - The distribution of the normal differentiation antigen Thy 1 and the mammary
      tumor virus (MTV)-induced antigens or antigen complexes MLm and MLr were studied
      in mouse mammary gland cells, mammary tumor cells, and other cell types, by use
      of ascites leukemia cells of the GR mouse strain as target cells in the
      cytotoxicity test. The Thy 1.2 antigen was detected by an AKR antiserum to C3Hf
      thymocytes. MLm was shown by a homologous C57BL antiserum to GRSL2 leukemia
      (absorbed in vivo in GR mice); MLr was detected by a rabbit heterologous
      antiserum (absorbed in vivo in C57BL or GR mice and in vitro with BALB/c milk)
      prepared against Tween 80- and ether-treated purified B particles. Sera from
      Sprague-Dawley rats bearing murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-producing syngeneic
      tumors were not cytotoxic or only slightly cytotoxic for GR leukemias
      transplanted in vivo, which indicated that MuLV-induced antigens were absent or
      present in very low quantity in such leukemias. The MLr and MLn antigens or
      antigen complexes were possibly identical to the mammary leukemia (ML) antigen,
      since they could be detected not only on GR but also on DBA/2 leukemia cells and
      since their distribution was exactly the same as that of MTV. Both the MLr and
      MLm antigens were present in purified B particles, and antigenic activity were
      present in purified B particles, and antigenic activity was enhanced by
      destruction of the purified virus particles. The antigens were about eightfold
      enriched in a preparation of B-particle envelopes, as shown by quantitative
      cytotoxicity absorption (CYTA) tests. Purified nucleoid fractions of B particles
      were only lightly positive for the antigen, probably due to envelope
      contamination. One dominant gene was responsible for the expression of MLr, as
      shown by CYTA tests with mammary glands of individual animals of segregating
      crosses between the GR strain with high mammary cancer incidence and strains with
      low incidence. This gene was closely linked with or was possibly identical to 1)
      the gene for cytoplasmic MTV gs antigen expression as seen by fixed cell
      immunofluorescence, and 2) the gene causing mammary tumors in the GR mouse
      strain.

PMID- 166187
TI  - Distribution and antibody-induced redistribution of a mammary tumor virus-induced
      and a normal antigen on the surface of mouse leukemia cells.
AB  - By means of the indirect membrane immunofluorescence test, the distribution and
      antibody-induced redistribution (patching and capping) of a mammary tumor virus
      induced (MLr) and a normal (Thy 1.2) cell-surface antigen were compared on mouse
      thymocytes and leukemia cells (GRSL2). At 0 degrees C Thy 1.2 fluorescence was
      ringlike and more intense on GRSL2 cells than on thymocytes, whereas MLr
      fluorescence on GRLS2 cells at this temperature was patchlike and brighter than
      Thy 1.2 fluorescence. At 20 or 37 degrees C, capping of Thy 1.2 on both cell
      types was readily achieved but MLr capping occurred only in a few GRSL2 cells and
      was less pronounced. However, after addition of the secondary antibodies, MLr
      capping was markedly increased by gradual cooling of cells to about 17 degrees C.
      Conversely, after addition of antibodies at 0 degrees C, gradual warming of cells
      under the fluorescence microscope resulted in extensive capping both of MLr and
      Thy 1.2 at approximately 13-14 degrees C. Rapid cooling or rapid warming led to
      almost instantaneous capping. These results may be explained by the occurrence of
      phase transitions or phase separations in the particular temperature range.
      Another difference between capping of Thy 1.2 and MLr was that the former caps
      were small and eventually were endocytosed, whereas the MLr caps were large and
      were exfoliated from the cells.

PMID- 166188
TI  - Protective tumor immunity induced by potassium chloride extracts of guinea pig
      hepatomas.
AB  - Tumor-specific antigens of cells of the diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatomas in
      strain-2 guinea pigs were extracted with 3 M KCl. Immunization of normal animals
      with the extracted tumor antigens in adjuvant protected them against a subsequent
      challenge with viable tumor cells. Extracted tumor-specific antigens were less
      effective immunogens than viable tumor cells for both of two antigenically
      distinct lines.

PMID- 166189
TI  - Isolation and characterization of viruses from natural outbreaks of
      reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys.
AB  - We have described the in vitro isolation of type-C RNA viruses from two outbreaks
      of a fatal neoplastic disease in turkeys we diagnosed as reticuloendotheliosis.
      The virus had a density of 1.16 g/ml in sucrose gradients, had a DNA polymerase
      capable of using both endogenous and exogenous (synthetic) templates, and was
      infectious in vitro for turkey and chick cells. The culture-propagated virus was
      oncogenic for turkeys. The virus isolates were unrelated to avian leukosis virus
      and antigenically identical to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) strain T. Thus
      our studies suggested that REV is a causative agent of naturally occurring, fatal
      leukosis in turkeys.

PMID- 166190
TI  - Hormonally induced renal neoplasia in the male Syrian hamster and the inhibitory
      effect of 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine methanesulfonate.
AB  - One group of male Syrian hamsters received diethylstilbestrol (DES) over a period
      of 9 months. All developed widespread and severe renal tumors. Another group of
      male Syrian hamsters was given DES plus 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine
      methanesulfonate (CB154) over the same period. These hamsters either did not
      develop renal tumors or had renal tumors that were minimal in severity. DES
      treatment induced hyperplastic and neoplastic changes in the intermediate lobe of
      the pituitary glands of treated animals, increased the number of prolactin
      secreting cells, and decreased the number of somatotrophin-secreting cells.
      Adding CB154 significantly inhibited those changes in the pituitary gland.
      Histopathologic and ultrastructural examinations indicated that the renal tumors
      were carcinomas originating from proximal convoluted tubules.

PMID- 166191
TI  - Clinicopathologic characterization of Herpesvirus saimiri malignant lymphoma in
      New Zealand white rabbits.
AB  - Twenty-two of 39 rabbits inoculated with Herpesvirus saimiri developed malignant
      lymphoma and either died or were killed between 17 and 165 days after
      inoculation. No clinical signs were present in animals developing the disease
      before 46 days, but all other rabbits had a severe conjunctivitis, nasal
      discharge, and dyspnea resulting from a lymphocytic invasion of the ocular and
      nasal tissues. Four rabbits developed terminal leukemia. Pathologically, the
      disease resembled H. saimiri malignant lymphoma in nonhuman primates; there was
      extensive diffuse infiltration of most organs and tissues with either a
      lymphocytic or lymphoblastic infiltrate. Tumor nodules or masses seen in some
      forms of malignant lymphoma were not present. In contrast to nonhuman primates,
      all affected rabbits showed invasion of the skin of the nose and eyelids,
      conjunctiva, iris, ciliary body, and choroid. In 3 rabbits there was slight
      infiltration into the brain, not noted in nonhuman primates. The susceptibility
      of rabbits extended the host range of H. saimiri beyond the order Primates.

PMID- 166192
TI  - Maturation and differentiation of B16 melanoma cells induced by theophylline
      treatment.
AB  - Recent studies suggested that 3',5'-cyclic AMP (CAMP) may be involved in the
      regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Theophylline, an inhibitor
      of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, elevated intracellular cAMP. A melanotic
      clone of the B16 melanoma was treated with theophylline and studied in vitro and
      in vivo. With 12 hours after 1.0 mM theophylline was added to growing cultures,
      the number of cells incorporating tritiated thymidine (3-H-TDR) and the rate of
      uptake of 3-H-TDR into DNA were significantly reduced. After 7 days, the number
      of cells in the control cultures increased twenty-four times, whereas
      theophylline-treated cells increased only sixfold. Compared to the controls, the
      theophylline-treated cells contained ten times the melanin and an elevated cAMP
      content. Stimulation of melanogenesis and inhibition of proliferation increased
      progressively with duration of exposure to theophylline. After 5 days of culture
      with theophylline, cells were assayed for plating efficiency in theophylline-free
      medium. Although the number of colony-forming cells was unaffected by previous
      exposure to theophylline, the colonies were composed of fewer cells inoculated
      into syngeneic hosts were less tumorigenic than untreated cells. However,
      theophylline treatment of hosts bearing B16 tumors failed to reduce the tumor
      growth rate, and theophylline did not potentiate the growth inhibition resulting
      from treatment with the synthetic polyribonucleotide, polyinosinic-polycytidylic
      acid.

PMID- 166193
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of cancer. VI. Relationship among spin-lattice
      relaxation times, growth rate, and water content of Morris hepatomas.
AB  - Relaxation time(s) (T1), growth rates, and the water content of six Morris
      hepatomas, several murine tumors, and a selection of normal tissues indicated
      that malignant tumors did not always exhibit longer T1 values than any normal
      tissue, as previously suspected. This overlap raised the possibility of confusion
      between normal and malignant tissues studied by this method. Tissue T1 values
      depended primarily on the hydration of the tissue and correlated well with water
      content determinations. A rough correlation of T1 and water content with tumor
      growth rate was also observed.

PMID- 166194
TI  - R-type virus-like particles in avian sarcoma virus-induced rat central nervous
      system tumors.
AB  - Morphologically distinct virus-like particles (VLP), similar to R-type VLP, were
      observed by electron microscopy in experimental rat central nervous system tumors
      induced with the B-77-C strain of avian sarcoma virus (ASV). R-type VLP have a
      characteristic internal radial structure and were observed previously only in
      hamster cells and in an established bovine cell line. They were not observed in
      the B-77 ASV inoculum used to induce the rat tumors or in the B-77 induced
      hamster glioma cells from which the B-77 was rescued. Nevertheless, the genome of
      an endogenous hamster R-type particle also might have been rescued and carried in
      the B-77 inoculum. Alternatively, R-type VLP may exist in a number of animal
      species, including the rat, and may be expressed in certain conditions such as
      neoplastic transformation.

PMID- 166195
TI  - The management of traumatic facial nerve injuries.

PMID- 166196
TI  - Cisternal distention in membrane-glycogen complexes of rabbit extraocular muscle.

PMID- 166197
TI  - A comparative autoradiographic study of keratogyalin granules containing cystine
      and histidine.

PMID- 166198
TI  - Electron cytochemistry of crystalline inclusions in human skeletal muscle
      mitochondria.

PMID- 166199
TI  - Polyoma virus strain with enhanced synthesis of capsid protein.
AB  - A study of the immunochemical characteristics and the synthesis of the capsid
      proteins of two polyoma virus strains (3049 and 1pS) was carried out to determine
      the mechanism responsible for the unique accumulation of those structural
      polypeptides in the cytoplasm of cells infected with the 3049 strain. Antisera
      prepared against disaggregated virus peptides and whole virus were used to
      measure the quantity of virus-specific antigens in cells infected by the two
      strains by using an indirect radioimmunoassay technique. The 3049-infected mouse
      embryo cells were found to contain several-fold more antibody-binding material
      than those infected with the 1pS strain. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic fraction of
      3049-infected cells also contained more antibody-binding activity, supporting the
      hypothesis that the phenotype of the 3049 virus (cytoplasmic capsid protein) was
      a reflection of the increased synthesis of the capsid polypeptides.

PMID- 166200
TI  - Comparative studies on the structural phosphoproteins of mammalian type C
      viruses.
AB  - The major phosphoprotein common to woolly monkey sarcoma virus, gibbon ape
      lymphosarcoma virus, and type C viruses of the lower mammalian species (mouse,
      rat, cat), with the exception of the endogenous cat virus (RD-114), is the
      polypeptide of about 12,000 molecular weight. The protein-phosphate bond in this
      polypeptide of several viruses is of the phosphoserine variety excepting gibbon
      ape virus, which contains both phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. The primary
      phosphoprotein of RD-114 virus and the endogenous baboon type C virus, on the
      other hand, is the polypeptide of about 15,000 molecular weight which contains
      phosphothreonine as its phosphoamino acid. A second major phosphoprotein of
      molecular weight of 10,000 is detected only in viruses genetically related to rat
      species including those derived from the RPL cell line, from Sprague-Dawley rat
      embryo cells, and the Kirsten mouse sarcoma virus which was recovered from a
      mouse erythroblastosis virus after in vivo propagation through rat. These
      phosphorylated polypeptides of molecular weight 15,000, 12,000, or 10,000 are
      present in the virion structure in several different but nonrandom phosphorylated
      states.

PMID- 166201
TI  - Iodination of herpesvirus nucleic acids.
AB  - A simple method is described for the iodination of herpes simplex virus (HSV)
      DNA. The procedure involved synthesis of 125-I-labeled 5-iodo-dCTP which was
      subsequently used as a precursor for the in vitro repair synthesis of HSV DNA.
      Synthesis of 5-iodo-dCTP and purification from oxidation and reduction reagents,
      buffer salts, unreacted dCTP and Na125-I was accomplished in a single
      chromatographic step. It was possible to prepare 125-I-labeled HSV DNA in vitro
      with specific activities exceeding 10-8 counts/min/mu-g. The DNA prepared by this
      method reassociated with DNA extracted from HSV-infected HEp-2 cells but not with
      HEp-2 cell DNA. Iodinated HSV DNA was susceptible to S-1-endonuclease digestion
      once denatured but was resistant to digestion in the native form. This method was
      used to synthesize 125-I-labeled ribo-CTP (5-iodo-CTP) which was used to prepare
      cytomegalovirus-specific complementary RNA. The method should be of value in the
      preparation of viral probes and for use in autoradiography of viral nucleic
      acids.

PMID- 166202
TI  - Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. III. Characterization of defective DNA
      molecules and biological properties of virus populations containing them.
AB  - We have characterized the virus progeny and its DNA from plaque-purified and
      undiluted passages of herpes simplex virus 1 in HEp-2 cells. Secifically, (i)
      infectious virus yields declined progressively in passages 1 through 10 and
      gradually increased at passages 11 through 14. The yields correlated with
      PFU/particle ratios. (ii) In cells infected with virus from passages 6 through
      10, there was an overproduction of an early viral polypeptide (no. 4) and a delay
      in the synthesis of late viral proteins. In addition, the virus in these passages
      interfered with the replication of a nondefective marker virus. Cells infected
      with passage 14 virus produced normal amounts of polypeptide 4 and, moreover,
      this virus showed minimal interfering capacity. (iii) In addition to DNA of
      density 1.726 g/cm-3, which was the sole component present in viral progeny of
      passage 0, passages 6 through 14 contained one additional species (p 1.732) and
      in some instances (passages 6 and 10) also DNA of an intermediate buoyant
      density. The ratio of p 1.732 to p 1.726 DNA increased to a maximum of 4 in
      passages 6 through 9 and gradually decreased to 1 in passages 10 through 14. (iv)
      p 1.732 DNA cannot be differentiated from p 1.726 DNA with respect to size;
      however, it has no Hin III restriction enzyme cleavage sites and yields only
      predominantly two kinds of fragments with molecular weights of 5.1 x 10-6 and 5.4
      x 10-6 upon digestion with EcoRI enzyme. (v) Partial denaturation profiles of
      purified p 1.732 DNA from passage 14 revealed the presence of two types of
      tandemly repeated units corresponding roughly in size to the EcoRI fragments and
      situated in different molecules. (vi) In addition to the two kinds of p 1.732
      molecules consisting of tandem repaeat units of different sizes, other evidence
      for the diversity of defective DNA molecules emerged from comparisons of specific
      infectivity and interfering capacity of the progeny from various passages. The
      data suggest that some of the particles with DNA of normal buoyant density
      (1.726) must also be defective since the capacity to interfere and to produce an
      excess of polypeptide 4 did not appear to be proportional to the amount of high
      buoyant-density defective DNA. The data suggest that defective interfering
      particles are replaced by defective particles with diminished capacity to
      interfere and that more than one species of defective DNA molecules evolves on
      serial preparation of HSV.

PMID- 166203
TI  - Regulation of tumor antigen synthesis by simain virus 40 gene A.
AB  - Simian virus 40 gene A has previously been shown to promote the replication of
      viral DNA and the transcription of late viral RNA in productive infection and to
      maintain the growth characteristics of some transformed cells. The present study
      examines the effect of the A function on proteins synthesized during productive
      and transforming infections. Under restrictive conditions, temperature-sensitive
      A mutants induce the overproduction of a 100,000-dalton protein both in
      productively infected monkey cells and in transformed rabbit cells.
      Immunoprecipitation of the induced protein with antisera, prepared against simian
      virus 40-induced tumors in hamsters, was used to identify the induced protein as
      tumor antigen. The same protein can be precipitated from extracts of cells
      infected by wild-type virus but not from uninfected cells. Furthermore, the
      mutant-induced protein is more rapidly degraded in vivo and is less tightly bound
      to intranuclear components than the protein induced by wild-type virus. The
      presence of the same virus-induced protein in infected cells from different
      species and the altered behavior of that protein in mutant infection strongly
      suggest that the protein is virus coded. Because the protein is large enough to
      account for the entire coding capacity in the early region of the simian virus 40
      genome, the 100,000-dalton protein may well be the primary product of the only
      early gene identified by complementation studies, the A gene. If the 100,000
      dalton protein that is overproduced in mutant infection is the A protein and the
      only early protein, then functional wild-type A protein must regulate its own
      synthesis in both productive and transforming infections.

PMID- 166204
TI  - In vitro transformation of rat and mouse cells by DNA from simian virus 40.
AB  - Primary rat kidney cells and mouse 3T3 cells can be transformed by DNA of simian
      virus 40 when use is made of the calcium technique (Graham and van der Eb, 1973).
      The transformation assay in primary rat cells is reproducible, but the dose
      response is not linear.

PMID- 166205
TI  - UV-induced reversion of a temperature-sensitive late mutant of simian virus 40 to
      a wild-type phenotype.
AB  - Irradiation of a simian virus 40 temperature-sensitive late mutant before
      infection of CV1 cells produces viruses that are phenotypically wild-type
      revertants. This probably occurs through suppression rather than true reversion
      because the revertants are produced at relatively high frequency and still have
      some properties of the original temperature-sensitive virus.

PMID- 166206
TI  - Simian virus 40 DNA replication, transcription, and antigen induction during
      infection with two adenovirus 2-SV40 hybrids that contain the entire SV40 genome.
AB  - The Ad2++hey hybrid virus population produces simian virus 40 (SV40) efficiently
      during lytic infection, whereas Ad2++ley does not, although both hybrids contain
      a complete SV40 genome. In this report, we demonstrate the synthesis of nonhydrid
      SV40 DNA in Ad2++HEY-infected Vero cells, but only early SV40 RNA is transcribed
      efficiently in Ad2++LEY-infected cells. Ad2++HEY induces SV40 U, T, and V
      antigens during lytic infection of African green monkey kidney cells, whereas
      Ad2++LEY induces only SV40 U and T antigens. These variations in the behavior of
      Ad2++HEY and Ad2++LEY regarding expression of SV40 functions probably reflect
      differences in the rate of SV40 excision from the hybrid genomes.

PMID- 166207
TI  - Role of gene 59 of bacteriophage T4 in repair of UV-irradiated and alkylated DNA
      in vivo.
AB  - Nonsense mutants in gene 59 (amC5, amHL628) were used to study the role of this
      gene in the repair of UV-damaged and alkylated DNA of bacteriophage T4 in vivo.
      The higher sensitivity to UV irradiation and alkylation of gene 59 mutants after
      exposure to these agents was established by a comparison of the survival
      fractions with wild type. Zonal centrifugal analysis of both parental and nascent
      mutant intracellular DNA molecules after UV irradiation showed that immediately
      after exposure the size of single-stranded DNA fragments was the same as the wild
      type intracellular DNA. However, the capability of rejoining fragmented
      intracellular DNA was greatly reduced in the mutant. In contrast, the wild-type
      infected cells under the same condition resumed DNA replication and repaired its
      DNA to normal size. Methyl methanesulfonate induced more randomly fragmented
      intracellular DNA, when compared to UV irradiation. The rate of rejoining under
      these conditions as judged from their sedimentation profiles was also greatly
      reduced in mutant-infected cells. Further evidence is presented that UV repair is
      not a simple consequence of arrested DNA replication, which is a phenotype of the
      mutant when infected in a nonpermissive host, Escherichia coli B (su minus), but
      rather that the DNA repair function of gene 59 is independent of the replication
      function. These and other data presented indicate that a product(s) of gene 59 is
      essential for both repair of UV lesions and repair of alkylation damage of DNA in
      vivo. It is suggested that gene 59 may have two functions during viral
      development: DNA replication and replication repair of DNA molecules.

PMID- 166208
TI  - Chromatographic separation and antigenic analysis of proteins of the
      oncornaviruses. V. Identification of a new murine viral protein, p15(E).
AB  - Profiling of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) proteins by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) has revealed
      a low-molecular-weight protein which does not appear in the corresponding region
      of viral protein profiles obtained by gel filtration in 6 M guanidine
      hydrochloride. This protein species, termed p15(E), is easily demonstrable in
      MuLV isolates for which the viral p15 and p12 proteins have almost identical
      electrophoretic mobilities; this leaves a protein slightly larger than these two
      in the PAGE system unaccounted for in the gel filtration system. However,
      antiserum against the void volume fraction of the gel filtration eluate
      precipitated the p15(E) component from solubilized, radiolabeled virions, as
      shown by SDS-PAGE analysis of such immunoprecipitates. Comparative
      radioprecipitation analyses of this type revealed that for various MuLV isolates
      p15(E) was distinguishable from p15 in terms of serological reactivities,
      relative mobilities in gel electrophoresis, and relative efficiencies of labeling
      with individual amino acids. Thus it appears that, as is the case for avian
      oncornaviruses, MuLVs contain seven major structural proteins.

PMID- 166209
TI  - Fate of polyoma form IDNA during replication.
AB  - The fate of polyoma form IDNA generated during replication was investigated in
      resting BALB-3T3 cells. The experiments showed that there was extensive re-entry
      of such molecules into replication. This process took place over a period of
      several hours and appeared to be random. Progeny form I molecules must,
      therefore, spend some time in a nonreplicating pool before reinitiating
      replication. We propose that two factors affect the fate of progeny form IDNA.
      (i) The rate of reinitiation of progeny molecules is determined by the capacity
      of the initiation machinery. (ii) The extent of re-entry is determined by the
      availability of maturation proteins which divert form I from replication.

PMID- 166212
TI  - Letter: liver tumors and oral contraceptives.

PMID- 166211
TI  - Brain scans, dexamethasone therapy, and brain tumors.
AB  - Eight men with primary or metastatic brain tumors were examined with brain scans
      before and after the administration of dexamethasone. All patients demonstrated
      some improvement in their clinical neurologic status during therapy, and two
      patients had a dramatic response. Seven of the eight patients examined showed a
      decrease in the apparent size of the original lesion on recent brain scan while
      receiving dexamethasone. Comparison of immediate scans obtained 15 to 20 minutes
      following the administration of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m with those obtained
      two or three hours later suggests that the change in apparent size of the
      original lesion results from decrease in peritumor edema.

PMID- 166210
TI  - Restitution of infectivity to spikeless vesicular stomatitis virus by solubilized
      viral components.
AB  - Noninfectious spikeless particles have been obtained from vesicular stomatitis
      virus (VSV, Indiana serotype) by bromelain or Pronase treatment. They lack the
      viral glycoprotein (G) but contain all the other viral components (RNA, lipid,
      and other structural proteins). Triton-solubilized VSV-Indiana glycoprotein
      preparations, containing the viral G protein as well as lipids (including
      phospholipids), have been extracted from whole virus preparations, freed from the
      majority of the detergent, and used to restore infectivity to spikeless VSV. The
      infectivity of such particles has been found to be enhanced by poly-L-ornithine
      but inhibited by Trition or homologous antiserum pretreatment. Heat-denatured
      glycoprotein preparations were not effective in restoring the infectivity to
      spikeless VSV. Heterologous glycoprotein preparations from the serologically
      distinct VSV-New Jersey serotype were equally capable of making infectious
      entities with VSV-Indiana spikeless particles, and the infectivity of these
      structures was inhibited by VSV-New Jersey antiserum but not by VSV-Indiana
      antiserum. Purified, detergent-free glycoprotein selectively solubilized from VSV
      Indiana by the dialyzable detergent, octylglucoside, also restored infectivity of
      spikeless virions of VSV-Indiana and VSV-New Jersey.

PMID- 166214
TI  - [Introduction: amines in the brain--some new problems--].

PMID- 166213
TI  - [Effects of halothane and methoxflurane anesthesia and surgical stress on plasma
      aldosterone concentration].

PMID- 166215
TI  - [Releasing hormones--action mechanism of releasing factor and inhibiting factor].

PMID- 166216
TI  - [Parotid gland malignant mixed neoplasm--a case that took a peculiar form].

PMID- 166217
TI  - [Endodermal sinus tumor in frontal mediastinum--an autopsy case].

PMID- 166218
TI  - [Function and structure of the muscles - transmission of the stimulus on the
      nerve and acetylcholine receptor].

PMID- 166219
TI  - [Hepatic venography of hepatoma].

PMID- 166220
TI  - [Effect of fetal infection on susceptibility to Japanese encephalitis in
      mice.(2)].

PMID- 166221
TI  - [Effect of Japanese encephalitis virus infection on accumulation of methyl
      mercury in the mouse].

PMID- 166222
TI  - [Role of hepatic cycle AMP and lysosomal lipase in triglyceridemia induced by
      injection of cobalt chloride].

PMID- 166223
TI  - [Cadmium pollution of "A" river basin in Kyoto prefecture].

PMID- 166224
TI  - [A finding on health effect index of inhabitants of cadmium-polluted areas (6)].

PMID- 166225
TI  - [Isolation of urinary hydroxyproline peptides in "Itai-itai" patients].

PMID- 166226
TI  - [Itai-itai disease].

PMID- 166227
TI  - [Effect of chlorella on fecal and urinary cadmium excretion in "Itai-itai"
      disease].

PMID- 166228
TI  - [Accumulation and excretion of cadmium following development of renal
      dysfunction].

PMID- 166229
TI  - [Effect of alkylbenzensulfonate (ABS) on intestinal absorption of cadmium].

PMID- 166230
TI  - [Diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with 99mTc-acetylmethyonine].

PMID- 166231
TI  - Control of aldosterone responsiveness in terminal renal failure.
AB  - Control of aldosterone responsiveness in terminal renal failure. Plasma
      aldosterone concentration in 30 hemodialysis patients correlated closely with
      renin concentration, renin activity or renin and potassium concentrations
      combined (r is greater than or equal to 0.62; P is less than 0.01), and increased
      consistently in response to upright posture or corticotropin administration.
      Aldosterone response to hemodialysis was variable. Significant correlations (r is
      greater than or equal to 0.65; P is less than 0.01) were demonstrated between
      postural plasma aldosterone and renin responses, between aldosterone responses to
      corticotropin and basal plasma aldosterone or renin and potassium values, between
      hemodialysis-induced changes in plasma aldosterone and those in potassium or
      renin; but not between various indexes of heparin treatment and aldosterone
      activity. Bilateral nephrectomy reduced basal plasma renin and aldosterone
      concentrations and aldosterone responsiveness in five preoperatively
      normoreninemic or hyperreninemic patients, but not in a hyporeninemic patient.
      These results demonstrate the complementary roles of circulating renin and
      potassium in the control of aldosterone release under basal and stimulatory
      conditions in patients with terminal renal failure. Administration of heparin in
      dosages used during long-term hemodialysis does not appear to significantly
      interfere with aldosterone control.

PMID- 166232
TI  - [Concomitant pneumocytosis and pulmonary cytomegaly with Hamman-Rich syndrome].

PMID- 166233
TI  - [Clinical importance of adenosine cyclic 3',5' monophosphate (cycl AMP)].

PMID- 166234
TI  - [Adenosine cyclic 3',5' monophosphate and secretion of hydrochloric acid by the
      stomach].

PMID- 166235
TI  - [International Women's Year, 1975].

PMID- 166236
TI  - [Prominent persons' statements on International Women's Year].

PMID- 166237
TI  - [Women's rights and therefore outdated? Nursing and women's movement].

PMID- 166238
TI  - [Equal rights in nursing. Observations on present-day and future conditions in
      current practice].

PMID- 166239
TI  - [Equal rights - equal duties. Who should be emancipated in nursing?].

PMID- 166240
TI  - [Do we have a right to equal rights? Risks, prospects, arguments concerning the
      question of equal rights in professional groups within the hospital].

PMID- 166241
TI  - [Proposals for improving quality of nursing care].

PMID- 166242
TI  - [Reform of nursing education in the German Democratic Republic].

PMID- 166243
TI  - [The autonomy of the nursing profession in South Africa].

PMID- 166245
TI  - [Yugoslavian nursing education].

PMID- 166244
TI  - [The public health nurse in Switzerland].

PMID- 166246
TI  - [Professional picture of the nurse in the United States].

PMID- 166247
TI  - [Report on the clinical instructor in England].

PMID- 166248
TI  - [Professional study trip to Japan].

PMID- 166249
TI  - [Treatment methods of sick children and extent of health care in other countries.
      Practical standards based on a questionnaire procedure].

PMID- 166250
TI  - [Conversations on the art of aging].

PMID- 166251
TI  - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in Macaca cyclopis and Mandrillus leucophaeus: case
      reports.
AB  - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was reported in a Mandrillus leucophaeus (drill
      baboon) and a Mpacaca cyclopis (Formosan rock macaque). Each had hyperglycemia,
      impaired clearance of glucose during tolerance test, and reduced concentrations
      of immunoreactive insulin; the M cyclopis also had increased triglyceride and
      prebetalipoprotein concentrations. Both monkeys had extensive amyloid
      infiltration into the islets of Langerhans and loss of beta cells. Beta cell
      obliteration can account for the appearance of the diabetic syndrome in these and
      other nonhuman primate species.

PMID- 166252
TI  - Removal of acetylethyleneimine from suspensions of inactivated foot-and-mouth
      disease virus.

PMID- 166253
TI  - Electron microscopic observations on formation of pulmonary metastases.

PMID- 166254
TI  - Viable vein graft preservation.

PMID- 166255
TI  - Dexamethasone-binding receptor in bovine pituitary cytosol.

PMID- 166256
TI  - Saturation analysis of the binding of androgens. Antiandrogens and estrogens by
      the cytoplasmic high affinity androgen receptor of the rat ventral prostate.

PMID- 166257
TI  - On the role of the cytosol receptors in the incorporation of androgens into the
      prostatic nuclei of rat.

PMID- 166258
TI  - On the validity of using semilogarithmic plots to determine initial velocities of
      enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

PMID- 166261
TI  - Properties of the genome in normal and SV-40 transformed WI-38 human diploid
      fibroblasts. III. Turnover of nonhisone chromosomal proteins and their phosphate
      groups.

PMID- 166260
TI  - Neurologic infections in children.

PMID- 166259
TI  - Control of arrhythmias following ligation of the circumflex artery.
AB  - In experimental work, three groups of 10 dogs each were subjected to ligation of
      the circumflex coronary artery. One group was given prophylactic medication with
      procainamide and another group was allowed a 2 hour interval between thoracotomy
      and ligation. The effects of these measures on the incidence of ventricular
      arrhythmias during the 30 minutes immediately after coronary artery occlusion
      were then compared. The two groups of animals on which these preventive measures
      were tested both showed a significant reduction in incidence of arrhythmias as
      compared to the control group. The therapeutic use of procainamide was also
      assessed by administering the drug intravenously to all animals developing
      postligation arrhythmias in the two groups which were not prophylactically
      medicated. In 46 per cent of these cases, the arrhythmias were suppressed and
      threatened ventricular fibrillation was obviated.

PMID- 166263
TI  - Restricted sleep regime in rhesus monkeys: differential effect of one night's
      sleep loss and selective REM deprivation.

PMID- 166262
TI  - Effects of morphine on cyclic AMP levels in the prostate glands of the mouse.

PMID- 166265
TI  - Effect of acute dietary alteration upon intestinal lipid synthesis.
AB  - The specific activities of three enzymes engaged in complex lipid synthesis,
      diglyceride acyltransferase, cholinephosphotransferase, and lysolecithin
      acyltransferase were studied in intestinal mucosa of hamsters fed either saline,
      hydrolyzed casein, or corn oil for 9 1/2 hr. In the most proximal intestine,
      saline feeding was associated with a reduced specific activity in villous tips
      with all three enzymes studied when compared with the two caloric supplemented
      groups. In the most distal intestine, oil feeding increased the activity of
      lysolecithin acyltransferase and choline phosphotransferase twofold as compared
      to casein fed hamsters; diglyceride acyltransferase was increased one- and one
      half-fold. The response of lysolecithin acyltransferase and diglyceride
      acyltransferase to fat feeding was incomplete when compared to hamsters fed a fat
      supplemented diet for 7 days, suggesting that their pattern of response to
      dietary substrate was similar to the disaccharidases. By contrast, the response
      of cholinephosphotransferase to fat feeding was complete at 24 hr, suggesting
      that it responds in a manner similar to the glycolytic enzymes.

PMID- 166264
TI  - Interaction of cyclic nucleotides and ecdysterone in breaking the pupal diapause
      of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata WLK.

PMID- 166266
TI  - [Narcoleptic attacks].

PMID- 166267
TI  - [Therapeutic methods in bronchopulmonary diseases].

PMID- 166268
TI  - [Multiplication of 2 Arenaviruses, Junin and Tacaribe, in human cells.  I.
      Primary infection].

PMID- 166269
TI  - Broad-beta disease versus endogenous hypertriglyceridemia: levels and lipid
      composition of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins during fat-free
      feeding and alimentary lipemia.
AB  - To assess the roles of endogenous and exogenous lipid in the production of the
      abnormal lipoprotein patterns characteristic of broad-beta desease (with a type
      IVIII lipoprotein pattern) and endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (with a type IV
      pattern), oral fat loads (50 g/M-2) were administered to six subjects with broad
      beta disease and to eight with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia following at leat
      72 hr of 0% fat, 85% carbohydrate isocaloric formula feeding. Total plasma and Sf
      greater than 400, 100-400, 60-100, 30-60, and 20-30 lipoprotein cholesterol,
      triglyceride, and phospholipid levels were measured at 0 hr, 6 hr (at or before
      the peak of alimentary lipemia), and 24 hr following the fat load. Following fat
      free feeding the levels and composition of the endogenous Sf greater than 400
      lipoproteins were similar in both disorders; whereas total Sf20-400, and most
      notably, Sf 30-60 and 20-30 levels were increased and enriched in cholesterol in
      the subjects with broad-beta disease.

PMID- 166270
TI  - Stimulation of human purine synthesis de novo by fructose infusion.
AB  - In order to clarify the mechanism of hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria resulting
      from rapid infusion of fructose in man, the effects of an intravenous infusion of
      125-200 g of fructose given over 3-4 hr on the rate of purine synthesis de novo
      was measured in one individual with osteoarthritis and four patients with gout.
      The incorporation of 1-minus 14C glycine into urinary uric acid was measured, and
      the pool size and turnover of urate were assessed by renal excretion of
      simultaneously administered 15-N urate. Fructose caused an expansion of body
      urate pool in all subjects, while urate turnover was increased in four. The rate
      of incorporation of 14-C glycine into urinary uric acid corrected for extrarenal
      disposal was increased in all cases (21%-430%). In two patients, rates of
      incorporation of 14-C glycine into urinary creatinine were increased by 10% and
      11%, while rates of incorporation into uric acid were increased 84% and 159%,
      respectively, as a result of fructose infusion. Specific enhancement of the rate
      of purine synthesis de novo was suggested by these findings. The rate of infusion
      appeared more important than total dose in determining the magnitude of this
      effect. Whether the increased rate of purine synthesis was a result of direct
      stimulation by a fructose metabolite or was secondary to fructose-induced purine
      nucleotide depletion is uncertain, since the kinetics of glycine incorporation
      were consistent with either mechanism. Erythrocyte PP-ribose-P concentrations,
      however, were diminished during infusion rather than increased as might be
      expected if fructose infusion stimulated purine synthesis by increasing
      availability of this regulatory substrate.

PMID- 166271
TI  - Pathogenesis and management of hypoparathyroidism and other hypocalcemic
      disorders.
AB  - Hypocalcemia frequently presents as an acute medical emergency or a chronic
      disorder which is difficult to control. Occasionally, it is found in routine
      blood screening tests when it is not anticipated. Recent developments in basic
      endocrine science have contributed greatly to our understanding and treatment of
      hypocalcemic disorders. The maintanance of a normal serum calcium concentration
      depends on the balanced actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and, to
      a lesser extent, calcitonin, Recent work on PTH secretion has defined the factors
      controlling its secretion in normal and abnormal states. In primary
      hypoparathyroidism, hormone secretion is decreased or absent, while in most other
      forms of hypocalcemia, secretion is stimulated secondarily by the hypocalcemia.
      However, acute or chronci disorders associated with hypomagnesemia may also
      decrease effective PTH secretion. Patients with the rare disorder,
      pseudohypoparathyroidism, have defects of hormone action and usually have
      elevated levels of PTH prior to therapy. Several forms of
      pseudohypoparathyroidism have been recognized, each representing a defect as a
      different site of PTH action. Calcitonin excess, as noted in medullary carcinoma
      of the thyroid, could theorectically cause hypocalcemia, but rarely does so.
      Vitamin D undergoes a series of two carefully controlled hydroxylation reactions
      leading to the final active metabolite, 1,25-hihyroxycholecalciferol. Chronic
      ingestion of certain drugs can lead to osteomalacia and hypocalcemia by
      potentiating the metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds. At least one form
      of rickets has been shown to result from a specific enzyme defect in the vitamin
      D pathway. Severe renal damage limits the conversion of vitamin D to its active
      form and contributes to vitamin D resistance. Current progress in the area
      depends on the development of procedures for the measurement of the metabolites
      in plasma and assessing the role of the vitamin (hormone) in normal and abnormal
      physiology. Although the therapy of acute hypocalcemia is usually readily
      accomplished, chronic hypocalcemia remains a very difficult therapeutic problem.
      Vitamin D, the hallmark of therapy, is a long-acting drug with a narrow
      therapeutic range. The complications of the disease and therapy are sometimes
      irreversible. The unraveling of vitamin D metabolism has led to the development
      of new therapeutic agents which might provide better relief of chronic
      hypocalcemic states. This review related new information about calcium
      homeostasis to the clinical situation encountered in the patient with
      hypocalcemia.

PMID- 166272
TI  - Ribulose-5-phosphate kinase from Chromatium.

PMID- 166274
TI  - Phosphoglycerate kinase and phosphoglyceromutase from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 166273
TI  - D-glycerate 3-kinase from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 166276
TI  - 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate mutase from human erythrocytes.

PMID- 166275
TI  - Phosphoglycerate mutase from yeast, chicken breast muscle, and kidney (2, 3-PGA
      dependent).

PMID- 166277
TI  - N-acetylmannosamine kinase.

PMID- 166278
TI  - Silica gel chromatography of antibiotics.

PMID- 166279
TI  - Cultural conditions for antibiotic-producing microorganisms.

PMID- 166280
TI  - Myo-inositol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase.

PMID- 166281
TI  - 1-Guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol-4-P phosphohydrolase.

PMID- 166282
TI  - Polymyxin synthetase:L-2,4-diaminobutyrate activating enzyme,.

PMID- 166283
TI  - Tyrocidine synthetase system.

PMID- 166284
TI  - Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes.

PMID- 166285
TI  - ATP:streptomycin 6-phosphotransferase.

PMID- 166286
TI  - Beta-lactamase (Bacillus cereus).

PMID- 166287
TI  - Clindamycin hosphotransferase.

PMID- 166288
TI  - The isolation of nuclei with citric acid and the analysis of proteins by two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 166289
TI  - Primary malignant tumours of the body of the uterus.

PMID- 166290
TI  - [Choriocarcinoma].

PMID- 166291
TI  - [Studies to the in-vitro-effectiveness of Spectacillin (author's transl)].
AB  - In this study the sensibility of important disease germs of a clinical and an
      ambulatory test material has been investigated to the substances "Epicillin" and
      "Ampicillin". Thereby could be found that 67% (43%) of the E. coli and 55% (36%)
      of the proteus type, as well as 96% (96%) of the enterococcus type of the
      ambulatory (clinical) test material were sensitive to Epicillin and Ampicillin.
      Staphylococcus not producing penicillinase, were well-sensitive, while
      staphylococcus producing penicillinase, contrarily showed to be insensitive.
      Salmonellae proved to be well-sensitive up to 97%, and the rest left was limited
      sensitive. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) resulted in favourable
      findings for enterococcus, staphylococcus aureus and salmonellae; at a
      corresponding sensibility the same is valid for E. coli and the proteus. The
      investigations carried out in-vitro, reveal an equal effectiveness of Epicillin
      and Ampicillin.

PMID- 166292
TI  - [Experimental investigations concerning spectrum, serum concentration, and
      excretion of Spectacillin (author's transl)].
AB  - By means of the diffusion test, the range of action of the ampicillin successive
      preparation spectacillin was determined using 12 000 pathological germs freshly
      isolated from in-patients. The result was a range of action similar to that of
      ampicillin. A comparison, however, is only possible in case the test platelets
      (without over-dosage) are each charged with exactly, e.g., 25 gamma. The analyses
      of serum concentrations have shown that spectacillin is satisfactorily absorbed
      after oral as well as after parenteral application. Thus, the calculation of the
      accumulated area of infinity beneath the serum concentration curve had the
      following results: After single intravenous injection of 1 g spectacillin (n
      equals 12) 51.46 gamma/ml - h; after single intravenous injection of 2 g
      spectacillin 86.20 gamma/ml - h; after intramuscular injection (twice) - interval
      of 12 hours - 29.94 gamma/ml - h after 12 hours; same values as before, but after
      24 hours, 29.37 gamma/ml - h. After a single oral application of one capsule of
      spectacillin (capsule equals 500 mg), the value of the accumulated area was 8.46
      gamma/ml - h. In analogy of the good absorption, excretion in urine/24 hrs (after
      application of 1 g spectacillin intravenously) was 61.74 p.c., after 2 g i.v.
      54.30 p.c., and after applying twice 1 g spectacillin intramuscularly 61.40 p.c.;
      after oral application of 500 mg, the percentage was 28.42. Tolerance of
      spectacillin was good after oral as well as after parenteral application. No side
      effects were observed.

PMID- 166293
TI  - [Evaluation of the diagnostic criteria in occupational asthma caused by
      isocyanates].

PMID- 166294
TI  - ACTH and corticoids levels in plasma with contemporaneous EEG changes during
      noise in man.

PMID- 166295
TI  - [Dynamic exploration of the antehypophysis in the child].

PMID- 166296
TI  - [Cytomegalovirus: complement fixing antibodies in 114 children, including
      premature infants].

PMID- 166297
TI  - [Detection of neoplastic lesions with radiogallium in children].

PMID- 166298
TI  - The regulation of glycerol 3-phosphate oxidase of rate brownadipose tissue
      mitochondria by long-chain free fatty acids.
AB  - Added free fatty acids inhibit oxidation of glycerol 3-phosphate, succinate and
      NADH in brown-adipose tissue mitochondria from 10-day-old rats. The most
      pronounced is the inhibitory effect of glycerol 3-phosphate cytochrome c
      reductase (GP-cyto. c reductase). Contrary to other reductases, GP-cyto. c
      reductase activity of freshly isolated mitochondria is already inhibited by the
      fraction of endogenous free fatty acids. Both added and endogenous free fatty
      acids inhibition of GP-cyto. c reductase is fully reversible by the removal of
      free fatty acids by bovine serum albumine treatment. The inhibition of GP-cyto. c
      reductase is of strictly non-competitive type. The most inhibitory are
      unsaturated long-chain free fatty acids-oleic and linoleic acid. Results are
      discussed with regards to the regulatory importance of free fatty acids in brown
      adiposetissue during intensive non-shivering thermogenesis.

PMID- 166300
TI  - [Proceedings: Serum activity of cholestasis indicating enzymes in patients with
      cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 166299
TI  - [The value of pyrophosphate scintigraphy for the assessment of the activity of
      spondylarthritis ankylopoietica (author's transl)].
AB  - Seriological and scintigraphic activity was compared in 29 patients with
      spondylarthritis ankylopoietica (Bechterew's disease). Among our cases, 11
      serologically active patients also had positive scans. the details being:
      cervical vertebral column in 5, thoracic vertebral column in 7 cases and the
      lumbar vertebral column and iliosacral joint in all 11 patients. In the group of
      16 serologically inactive patients, 12 cases could be confirmed radiologically,
      in the remaining 4 early detection of ankylosing spondylarthritis was possible
      from the scintigraphic findings in combination with the clinical symptoms. The
      clinically suspected diagnosis of an incipient Bechterew's disease could not be
      justified in the remaining 2 patients who had no positive scintigraphic or
      serological results.

PMID- 166302
TI  - [Letter: Alveolar soft-part sarcoma. Comments on L. Partusch, P. Meister, U.
      Bull, K. H. Welsch: Alveolar soft-part sarcoma of skeletal muscles. Munch. med.
      Wschr. 111 (1974) 923-928].

PMID- 166301
TI  - [Proceedings: Reciprocal fluctuations of lipoproteins in fasting therapy of
      hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 166303
TI  - [Letter: Alveolar soft-part sarcoma. Conclusion to the remarks by W. Wockel,
      Munch. med. Wschr. 117 (1975)].

PMID- 166304
TI  - Complementing xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts restore biological activity to UV
      damaged DNA.
AB  - UV survival curves of adenovirus 2 using fused, complementing xeroderma
      pigmentosum (XP) fibroblast strains as virus hosts showed a component with an
      inactivation slope identical to that given by normal cells. This component was
      not observed when the fibroblasts were not fused or when fusion involved strains
      in the same complementation group. Extrapolation of this component indicated that
      at zero dose 3% of the viral plaque-forming units had infected cells capable of
      normal repair. These results suggest that 3% of the cells were complementing
      heterokaryons, a value similar to that actually observed by autoradiographic
      analysis of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis. Thus, heterokaryons formed from
      XP fibroblasts belonging to different complementation groups are as capable of
      restoring biological activity to UV-damaged adenovirus 2 as are normal cells.

PMID- 166305
TI  - Involvement of separate pathways in the repair of mutational and lethal lesions
      induced by a monofunctional sulfur mustard.
AB  - The mutagenic and lethal effects of a monofunctional sulfur mustard, 2-chloro
      ethylethylsulfide (CEES), have been studied in a number of repair deficient
      variants of Escherichia coli K12, B/r and B. The results indicate that CEES
      induces a (pre)mutational lesion which is subject to Uvr+-excision-repair.
      Extensive CEES-induced mutagenesis can occur in exrA- uvrA- and recA- uvrB-
      variants suggesting that the majority of the mutations in Uvr-bacteria do not
      arise from error-prone repair. These findings are similar to results previously
      reported with a volatile degradation product of captan and with ethyl
      methanesulfonate (EMS) but differ from those reported with methyl
      methanesulfonate (MMS). It is hypothesized that CEES alkylates guanine at the O-6
      position (R-O-6-G) and that this R-O-6-G which is Uvr+-excisable is directly
      mutagenic by producing G-C to A-T transitions during replication. Reduced levels
      of induced mutation frequencies observed in an endonuclease II-deficient variant
      lead us to postulate that, in constrast to Uvr- bacteria, CEES-induced mutation
      in wild-type cells arise from error-prone repair of apurinic sites. Analysis of
      the lethal actions of CEES indicates that the lesion produced is largely
      unexcisable by the Uvr+ system. Host-cell reactivation of CEES-treated TI
      bacteriophage shows that the production of the (pre)ethal lesion is dependent on
      both the initial dose and post-treatment incubation. The efficient repair of the
      (pre)ethal lesion requires both endonuclease II and polymerase I. Moreover,
      deficiencies of these two enzymes rendered bacteria more sensitive to the
      cytotoxic action of CEES. It is postulated that the lethal mechanism of CEES
      involves: (I) alkylation at the N-3 position of adenine and the N-7 position of
      guanine; (2) spontaneous depurination of these alkylated bases; and (3)
      production of apurinic sites which are lethal unless repaired by the endonuclease
      II-polymerase I excision-repair system.

PMID- 166306
TI  - Reversions of the two missense and one nonsense trp-mutations induced by UV-light
      or methyl methanesulfonate in E. coli wild type and its polAi and uvrE502
      mutants.
AB  - Two missense mutations, trpA58 and trpA78, and one nonsense mutation-trp-ochre,
      were used to determine the types of base-pair substitution caused by ultra,
      violet irradiation and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in Escherichia coli. UV
      irradiation of the wild-type bacteria led to the formation of revertants mainly
      arising as a result of GC yields AT transitions (suppressor revertants of the
      trpA58 mutant). True revertants of the trp- mutant (arising via transitions of AT
      pairs) and 5-methyl tryptophan-sensitive (MT-s) Trp+ of the trpA78 mutant
      (arising via unidentified transversions) occurred at a lower frequency. The polAI
      mutation did not change the frequency of the UV-induced transitions GC yields AT
      or that of the substitutions of the AT pairs. The uvrE502 mutation significantly
      increased the frequency of the UV-induced revertants arising via the transition
      GC yields AT. Treatment of the wild-type bacteria with MMS resulted in the
      formation of revertants mainly due to the GC yields AT substitution, and with a
      lower frequency to the AT yields GC transitions. MMS also induced, with a low
      frequency, some transversions. The frequency of the MMS-induced GC yields AT
      transitions was enhanced in the uvrE502 mutant. On the other hand, the uvrE502
      mutation eliminated or significantly lowered MMS-induced revertants arising as a
      result of AT yields GC transitions or transversions.

PMID- 166307
TI  - Mutagenesis by nitrosoguanidine, ethyl methanesulfonate, and mutator gene mutH in
      continuous cultures of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Induction of T5-R mutations by alkylating agents N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was examined in glucose
      limited chemostat cultures of non-mutator and mutator (mutH) bacteria. In
      agreement with the proposal that NTG mutagenizes DNA at the replication fork,
      this mutagen (6.8 X 10-minus 6 M) showed replication-dependent mutagenesis in
      continuous culture. EMS (5-10-minus M)) induced mutagenesis could not be
      correlated with growth rate, which probably means that induction of mutagenic
      lesions (promutations) by this mutagen does not involve replicating genes. A
      large synergic response was found for the mutH gene in combination with NTG,
      supporting the hypothesis that the mutH gene product acts during DNA replication.

PMID- 166308
TI  - Somatostatin inhibition of insulin and gastrin hypersecretion in pancreatic islet
      cell carcinoma.

PMID- 166310
TI  - Letter: Diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis by electron microscopy of
      urinary sediment.

PMID- 166309
TI  - Editorial: Visualization of fecal viruses.

PMID- 166311
TI  - Association of an isomeric species of carcinoembryonic antigen with neoplasia of
      the gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - We studied the association between serum levels of an isomeric species of
      carcinoembryonic antigen and neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract in 993
      patients. With use of an empirically determined threshold, the antigen was found
      to be elevated in 80.4 per cent of 138 patients with neof other tumors,
      predominantly lung and breast tumors. Serum levels were elevated in 0.23 per cent
      of random patients and 0.41 per cent of 725 patients without neoplasia, including
      those with liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease and chronic renal disease.
      The results of this study suggest that this species of carcinoembryonic antigen,
      and that assay for it offers an improved approach to the diagnosis and management
      of neoplasia of the gastroinetestinal tract.

PMID- 166312
TI  - Virsues and systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 166313
TI  - Elevated plasma and tissue levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the
      watery-diarrhea syndrome due to pancreatic, bronchogenic and other tumors.
AB  - The actions of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide make it a potential
      candidate for mediating certain manifestations of the watery-diarrhea syndrome.
      Peptide levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 25 controls and 30 patients
      with chronic watery diarrhea. Plasma levels were too low to measure (smaller 200
      pg per milliliter) in 22 of the controls, averaging 79 plus or minus 64 pg per
      milliliter (S.D.). Levels were elevated in 26 of 28 plasma samples (5.1 plus or
      minus 2.5 ng per milliliter), and in each of 13 tissue extracts (5.1 plus or
      minus 10.9 mug per gram); in all, 28 patients had elevated levels in plasma or
      tissue or both. Thirteen patients had pancreatic islet-cell adenoma, four islet
      cell hyperplasia, five bronchogenic carcinoma, and one each pheochromocytoma and
      ganglioneuroblastoma. The findings indicate that the peptide is a probable
      mediator of the watery-diarrhea syndrome, that the syndrome may result from a
      variety of non-pancreatic tumors, and that this or a related peptide may also be
      secreted by these tumors.

PMID- 166314
TI  - Letter: Treatment of "pancreatic cholera".

PMID- 166315
TI  - Letter: Gamma-aminobutyric acid in CSF in schizophrenia.

PMID- 166316
TI  - Catecholamines and neurologic diseases (first of two parts).

PMID- 166317
TI  - Seryl-tRNA synthetase and activation of the carcinogen 4-nitroguinoline 1-oxide.

PMID- 166319
TI  - Cytotoxicity of alveolar macrophages for virus-infected cells.

PMID- 166320
TI  - Subsensitivity of noradrenaline-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in brain
      slices of d-amphetamine-treated mice.

PMID- 166318
TI  - Binding of ovine 125-I-prolactin to cultured anterior pituitary tumour cells and
      normal cells.

PMID- 166321
TI  - Independent regulation of cellular properties in thermosensitive transformation
      mutants of mouse fibroblasts.

PMID- 166322
TI  - A "permissive" effect of dexamethasone on the glucagon induction of amino acid
      transport in cultured hepatocytes.

PMID- 166323
TI  - Morphine elevates levels of cyclic GMP in a neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cell
      line.

PMID- 166324
TI  - [Nonlinear wave-conductors as means for clearing breakdowns in technology and in
      nervous systems].

PMID- 166325
TI  - [Herpes simplex infection of the mouth mucosa].

PMID- 166326
TI  - [Herpes encephalitis].

PMID- 166327
TI  - A correlated study of kidney function and ultrastructure in potassium-depleted
      rats.
AB  - In order to provide an ultrastructural description of kaliopenic nephropathy in
      rats, potassium deficiency uncomplicated by chloride depletion or extracellular
      fluid volume expansion was induced by dietary means alone. After 12 days, serum
      and muscle analyses demonstrated severe potassium depletion, while urine
      concentrating ability was markedly impaired. Although micropuncture techniques
      demonstrated that net fluid transport in proximal tubules was normal, the
      epithelial cells showed the following morphological alterations: electron-lucent
      vacuoles and lysosome-like dense bodies were numerous, focal cytoplasmic
      degradation was present, and intercellular spaces were dilated in many proximal
      tubules. Medullary cell droplets were characterized by fusion, massive
      enlargement with sequestration of cytoplasmic components such as ribosomes, and
      occasional extrusion through ruptured plasma membranes--features not previously
      reported.

PMID- 166328
TI  - The influence of atropine and eserine on central nystagmus: a contribution to the
      pharmacology of optic nystagmus.

PMID- 166329
TI  - The action of some harmala alkaloids on transmission at a glutamate-mediated
      synapse.

PMID- 166330
TI  - Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in superior rectus muscle of the eye.
AB  - Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are found in fibers of superior rectus muscle of the
      eye. They occur in middle-aged and old individuals dying with various unrelated
      diseases not affecting muscle and in patients with myotonic dystrophy. With light
      microscopy they can be observed in fibers with pathologic changes, and with
      electron microscopy they appear to be associated with crystals of probable viral
      origin. It is suggested that cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in superior rectus
      muscle are the result of viral activity and may represent an incidental viral
      infection of the senescent period.

PMID- 166331
TI  - A menstruation-linked periodic hypersomnia. Kleine-Levin syndrome or new clinical
      entity?
AB  - A 13-year-old girl showed periodic episodes of somnolence without megaphagia
      recurring in association with each menstruation. During somnolent episodes total
      sleep time averaged 14 hours and 19 minutes per 24 hours. The level of
      performance evaluated by means of the Wilkinson Addition Test was significantly
      impaired. There was an abnormal increase of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in the
      cerebrospinal fluid after probenecid test, suggesting an increase of the turnover
      of 5-hydroxytryptamine during periodic hypersomnia. Investigation of the
      menstrual cycle failed to document any striking hormonal abnormality.
      Nevertheless, the close relationship between the episodes of hypersomnia and the
      end of the menstrual cycle led us to hypothesize a role of progesterone and to
      try a hormonal type of treatment that is thus far successful.

PMID- 166333
TI  - Proceedings: The visna provirus and slow virus disease.

PMID- 166332
TI  - Studies on the antiparkinsonism efficacy of lergotrile.
AB  - The antiparkinsonian activity of lergotrile mesylate, a presumed dopaminergic
      receptor stimulating agent, was investigating in monkeys with surgically induced
      tremor and in parkinsonian patients. The administration of lergotrile resulted in
      a dose-dependent reduction in the intensity of tremor in the monkeys. In 13
      patients with Parkinson's disease treated with lergotrile (up to 12 mg a day),
      overall improvement was observed in five. Tremor was the main clinical feature to
      benefit, and the improvement reached statistical significance. In a subgroup of
      four patients treated with a higher dose of lergotrile (up to 20 mg a day),
      further improvement in rigidity and bradykinesia was noted, but again, only
      improvement in tremor was statistically significant. Adverse effects included
      orthostatic hypotension, behavioral alterations, and nausea and vomiting. These
      were severe enough to result in drug withdrawal in three patients.

PMID- 166334
TI  - Proceedings: Characterization of DNA polymerase from visna virus.

PMID- 166336
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infection in a herion addict.

PMID- 166335
TI  - [Current pathogenetic aspects of carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

PMID- 166337
TI  - Herpes simplex virus in patients with sarcoidosis; lymphocyte transformation in
      vitro and antibody response.

PMID- 166339
TI  - Correlation conferences in radiology and pathology: Asymptomatic lung mass.

PMID- 166338
TI  - Neurologic manifestations in acute leukemia. III. Peripheral neuropathy and
      chloroma.

PMID- 166340
TI  - Carcinoma of male breast.

PMID- 166341
TI  - Granular-cell myoblastoma in pancreas.

PMID- 166342
TI  - Radiologic features of benign pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate.
AB  - The clinical and radiographic features of two cases of pleomorphic adenoma are
      discussed. With the use of hypocycloidal tomography, definitive radiographic
      signs of benignity are demonstrated. They include (1) a radiolucent defect with
      well-defined cortical margins; (2) beveled margins which describe an intraoral
      origin of the neoplasm; (3) confinement of the neoplasm within the actual osseous
      defect, or within the projected circumferential diameter of the defect, if
      complete erosion has occurred; and (4) lack of periosteal reaction or osseous
      involvement of the hard palate adjacent to the radiolucent defect.

PMID- 166343
TI  - Effects of ionizing radiation on dried spores of Osmunda regalis III. 35 GHz
      e.s.r. study.
AB  - The use of 35 GHz microwave frequency has greatly simplified the separation of
      overlapping signals in dried irradiated fern spores. While in general confirming
      the conclusions previously drawn from X-band spectra, the use of Q-band has
      clarified several assignments of radical groups and allowed the recognition of
      additional radical groups or sub-groups.

PMID- 166344
TI  - Letter: An e.s.r. study of irradiated N-acetyl-L-alanine at 295 K.

PMID- 166345
TI  - [Cytochemical changes in peripheral leukocytes in chronic experimental poisoning
      with mercury vapors in rabbits].

PMID- 166346
TI  - [Effect of experimental hypothyreosis on ATPase activity in serum and tissues of
      rat].

PMID- 166347
TI  - The chronically reserpinized rat as a possible model for cystic fibrosis. I.
      Submaxillary gland morphology and ultrastructure.
AB  - Rats treated for 7 days with reserpine develop structural changes in the
      submaxillary gland that resemble those that have been reported in cystic
      fibrosis. The salivary exocrinopathy is characterized by increased amounts of PAS
      reactive mucoprotein in the acinar cells and by obstruction and dilatation of
      ducts by precipitated material with the same staining characteristics as those
      found in the acinar elements.

PMID- 166349
TI  - The effect of exogenous 3':5'-adenosine monophosphate on urinary output in
      children with vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus.
AB  - The administration of c-AMP and DB c-AMP to six children with NDI has failed to
      yield an antidiuretic effect. From the present study it may be concluded that, at
      the doses used, neither c-AMP nor its dibutyryl derivative can mimic the action
      of ADH in NDI as they do in normal subjects. On the contrary, DB c-AMP increased
      urine volume and Cosm in a very marked way, without changing the creatinine
      excretion.

PMID- 166348
TI  - Hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, and homocitrullinuria associated with
      decreased carbamyl phosphate synthetase I activity.
AB  - Six subjects from three sibships with hyperornithinemia, homocitrullinuria, and
      hyperammonemia are described. Assays of liver biopsy in one showed decreased CPS
      I and leukocyte assays indicate a similar defect in all six. Loading studies with
      ornithine and citrulline are consistent with a block early in the urea cycle
      between ornithine and citrulline. They thus support the results of the enzymatic
      assays. Similar studies with lysine and homocitrulline indicate there is
      excessive homocitrulline biosynthesis that is related to lysine intake, but there
      is no evidence of a block in the main lysine catabolic pathway. The younger more
      severely affected patients require protein restriction to 1.2 and 1.5 g/kg/24 hr
      to control hyperammonemia; hyperornithinemia remains unaffected. Adult subjects
      avoid large protein meals but tolerate a diet that is almost normal. The mode of
      inheritance of this disorder appears to be autosomal recessive. The fine
      structure of liver shows the presence of large and abnormally configurated
      mitochondria. There is a peculiar periodic structure situated closely to the
      inner mitochondrial membrane, and it is possible that the presence of this may be
      related to the impairment of transport of ornithine into the mitochondria; this
      in turn may give rise to hyperornithinemia. This disorder adds to the metabolic
      errors that suggest that there are close links of lysine metabolism to the urea
      cycle but the details are yet to be defined.

PMID- 166350
TI  - Letter: Infectious mononucleosis in children.

PMID- 166351
TI  - [Everyday research 1. Researchers who serve 2 masters try to solve the mystery of
      virus infections].

PMID- 166352
TI  - [Acupuncture, natural drugs, and zero-risk].

PMID- 166354
TI  - [Letter: Burkitt's tumor. Simultaneity in 2 sisters of Ivory Coast nationality].

PMID- 166356
TI  - Nursing care study.  Rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine.

PMID- 166353
TI  - [Acute bovine mastitis caused by clostridium perfringens type A (Author's
      transl.)].
AB  - An acute case of bovine mastitis caused by clostridium perfringens type A is
      described. The condition appeared before delivery and was characterised by gas
      formation in the udder and severe general signs. In spite of parenteral treatment
      with large doses of penicillin and streptomycin combined with frequent stripping
      of the udder the animal died two days after the onset of symptoms. The strain
      isolated proved sensitive to penicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracyclin, but
      resistant to streptomycin and sulphonamides.

PMID- 166355
TI  - [Letter: Nerve conduction velocity and Hoffmann's reflex in nonfamilial
      ulceromutilating acropathies].

PMID- 166357
TI  - Coping behavior of physically handicapped children.

PMID- 166358
TI  - The institutional setting: innovations in nursing care.

PMID- 166359
TI  - [Usefulness of serum lipoprotein-X (LP-X) detection test in the diagnosis of
      cholestasis in chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 166360
TI  - [The use of methods applied in the study of cellular hormone receptors in
      clinical physiopathology].

PMID- 166361
TI  - [Calcium metabolism disorders during hydantoinal treatment].

PMID- 166362
TI  - Horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens.  3. Transmission in
      three different lines of chickens.
AB  - Horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus (HVT) was studied in three separate
      trials using three different lines of chickens in each trial.  There was no
      horizontal spread of HVT to contact cagemates through 8 weeks regardless of the
      line of donor chickens, when inoculated subcutaneously with 9.2 times 10-3 plaque
      forming units (PFU) of HVT at 1 week of age.  The virus spread poorly to a few
      cagemates from an experimental line of White Leghorns (W.S.U.-V.S.), but not from
      a commercial line of White Leghorns (C.-W.L.) or meat-type (C.-M.T.) chickens,
      when inoculated with 9.4 times 10-4 PFU of HVT at 1 week of age.  The virus
      spread readily to contact cagemates from W.S.U.-V.S. but not at all from C.-W.L.
      or C.-M.T. chickens when inoculated with 2 times 10-4 PFU of HVT at 8 weeks of
      age.  The incidence among cagemates of contact infection by HVT appeared similar
      regardless of genetic lines.  This observation indicated a difference among
      different genetic lines of chickens in the development and/or shedding of
      infectious HVT following virus inoculation.

PMID- 166363
TI  - Distribution studies of glycine and serine enzymes in chicks.
AB  - Day-old broiler type chicks were fed a practical starter ration for three weeks,
      sacrificed and the D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.s),
      phosphoserine phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.3.), glycerate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.29),
      hydroxypyruvate-P: glutamate transaminase, serine transhydroxymethylase
      (E.C.2.1.2.1), and serine dehydratase (E.C.4.2.1.13) enzyme activities were
      determined in liver, kidney, heart, spleen and brain tissue in evaluating glycine
      and serine metabolism. The distribution of the various glycine and serine
      biosynthetic enzymes in the chick tissues studied show that the major portion of
      glycine and serine synthesis occurs in hepatic tissue via the "phosphorylated
      pathway".

PMID- 166364
TI  - Effect of regression of Rous sarcoma tumors upon egg production in an inbred line
      of White Leghorns.
AB  - Reserach was conducted to determine whether development and subsequent regression
      of a Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) induced wing-web tumor influenced egg production. 
      Fifty-seven six-week old pullet chicks of inbred line 6 of the United States
      Department of Agriculture, Regional Poultry Research Laboratory, East Lansing,
      Michigan, were inoculated subcutaneously in the left wing-web with 0.1 ml. of a
      10-minus 3 dilution of a pseudotype of Bryan high titer RSV designated BH-RSV
      (RAV-1).  Thirty chicks were left uninoculated.  Each chick was examined for
      tumor growth at regular intervals to 10 weeks post-inoculation.  A tumor was
      considered regressed if it disappeared completely.  Ninteen regressor and 22
      uninoculated females were placed in laying cages at 4.5 months of age and egg
      production data obtained over seven 28-day periods.  The difference in hen-day
      egg production between regressors and uninoculated controls favored regressors by
      2.7 eggs/bird and was statistically significant.  Physiological stimulus from
      cellular immunity, linkage and pleiotropy are discussed as possible caused of the
      higher egg production in regressors.

PMID- 166365
TI  - A comparative study of iodine and potassium perchlorate metabolism in the laying
      hen.  1. incorporation of I-131 in chicken ova.
AB  - The uptake of 131-I in chicken ova was studied for 3 hours after a single
      intramuscular dose.  There was uptake as early as 10 minutes and it continued
      throughout the 3 hours in spite of a rapid decrease in blood activity.  The fast
      growing ova, weightin 0.5 to 2.0 grams, were the most efficient in the uptake of
      131-I per unit weight.  Autoradiograms of the topographic distribution of 131-I
      showed a peripheral deposition.  When multiple doses were given, concentric rings
      in the growing ovocytes were seen.

PMID- 166366
TI  - The effect of diet on the severity of losses from infectious bursal disease
      (Gumboro) in a commercial broiler genetype.
AB  - A natural outbreak of infectious bursal disease occurred in an experimental
      broiler flock being reared on 3 starter diets having 18.8, 21.6 and 24.0 per cent
      protein.  Groups fed the highest protein starter exhibited significantly higher
      mortality and had larger numbers of stunted birds.

PMID- 166367
TI  - Antibody response of genetically susceptible and resistant chickens to cell-free
      and attenuated JM-V leukosis strain and its influence on early type II (Marek's)
      leukosis infection.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to: 1) determine the antibody response of chickens
      to cell-free and attenuated preparations of JMV leukosis strain, 2) determine the
      differences in antibody response to these antigens between susceptible (P-line)
      and resistant (N-line) chickens by means of serum neutralization and indirect
      fluorescent antibody tests, 3) investigate the influence of maternal (passive)
      antibody on early (day-old) JMV vaccination and 4) investigate the influence of
      maternal antibody in chicks naturally exposed continuously to JM virus from day
      old to 8 weeks of age on the pathogenesis of Type II leudosis (Marek's)
      infections and oncogenesis.

PMID- 166368
TI  - [Skeletal age of Tanner-Whitehouse and so-called school maturity. Demonstration
      of a method and its testing in 1st grade pupils].

PMID- 166369
TI  - [The functional state of the adrenal cortex in patients with gonadal dysgenesis
      and a female phenotype].
AB  - Excretion of 17-KS and 17-OCS was studied in the urine of 86 patients with
      various cytogenetic variants of gonad dysgenesis of a female phenotype under
      basic conditions and after ACTH stimulation; in 10 patients endogenous
      hypophyseal ACTH reserve after block of the adrenal cortex by metopyrone was
      investigated as well.  A conclusion was drawn on the presence in these patients
      of differnet types of deviations of the adrenal gland function.  In some of the
      cases there is a primary "global" or dissociated injury of the adrenal cortex,
      apparently directly associated with gonosome anomaly; in other cases--with
      disturbed regulation of ACTH secretion.

PMID- 166370
TI  - [The clinical value of contrast-less mammography in endocrine diseases].
AB  - The authors analyze the X-ray picture of the changes occurring in the mammary
      glands in women with various endocrine diseases and in men with gynecomastia. 
      Contrastless mammagraphy was carried out in 189 persons.  In studying the
      mammagrams in patients with endocrine diseases assessment was made of the state
      of the subcutaneous-adipose cellular tissue, total dimensions of the organ.  The
      majority of the endocrine diseases were accompanied at the initial stages of
      their development by changes in the endocrine gland, this serving as a direct
      indication for the use of contrastless roentgenography for the purpose of earlier
      and proper choice of the therapeutic method.

PMID- 166372
TI  - [Participation of cerebral dopamine receptors in activating the endocrine
      function of the male sex glands].
AB  - One hour after the administration of 10 gamma of dopamine into the third
      ventricle of the brain to male albino rate the level of testosterone in the
      peripheral blood plasma (determined fluorimetrically) proved to double.  Such
      effect was absent against the background of complete postero-lateral or posterior
      deafferentation of the meidal-basal area of the hypothalamus (MBAH).  Section of
      the anterior nervous connections of the MBAH with the preoptic region failed to
      prevent the stimulating action of dopamine administered into the ventricle: blood
      testosterone level doubled as in the rats with an intact hypothalamus.  A
      conclusion was made that dopamine receptors associated with the endocrine
      function of the male gonad were located outside the MBAH.  Nervous tracts
      conducting this excitation reached the hypophyseotrophic zone of the hypothalamus
      through its posterior connections.

PMID- 166371
TI  - [Malignant chemodectoma and the Itsenko-Cushing syndrome].

PMID- 166373
TI  - [The state of the peripheral endocrine glands 14 months following hypophysectomy
      and their sensitivity to the tropic hormones of the hypophysis].
AB  - Rats hypophysectomized at the age of four weeks continued to grow at a delayed
      rate during the whole fourteen month's observation period.  A spontaneous
      development of the sexual apparatus was noted in some of the hypophysectomized
      animals: an increase in the weight of the testes, of the ventral prostate and of
      the seminal vesicles.  In fourteen months the peripheral endocrine glands
      retained their sensitivity to the tropic hormones of the hypophysis; a ten-day
      adminstration of a corresponding tropic hormone led to a double increase in
      weight of the dependent endocrine gland and a sharp elevation of its functional
      activity.

PMID- 166374
TI  - [The effect of STH, TTH and ACTH on several aspects of copper, sodium and
      potassium metabolism in the livers of hypophysectomized white rats].
AB  - It was found in experiments on male albino rats that hypophysectomy was
      accompanied by an increase of potassium (on account of its accumulation in the
      mitochondria, nuclei and the microsomes) and copper in the liver.  At the same
      time there was an increase in this organ of tha activity of Mg-2+-Na-+-K-+-ATPase
      and Mg-+-ATPase, and also a rise of ceruloplasmin activity in the blood serum. 
      STH and TTH restored the sodium content to the normal and increased potassium
      level in the liver of hypophysectomized rats.  ACTH and STH increased copper
      content in the hepatic tissue and normalized the activity of ceruloplasmin in the
      blood.  All the hormones used promoted normalization of ATP-ase activity.

PMID- 166375
TI  - Methylated simian virus 40-specific RNA from nuclei and cytoplasm of infected BSC
      1 cells.
AB  - Host cell and virus-specific poly(A)-containing RNAs isolated from nuclei and
      cytoplasm of monkey kidney cells infected with simian virus 40 contain different
      methylated nucleotides. In the cytoplasmic simian virus 40-specific RNA, about
      75% of the radioactivity derived from (methyl-3-H)methionine was in N-6
      methyladenosine (N-6mA) after digestion with Penicillium nuclease and bacterial
      alkaline phosphatase. The remainder was in a negatively charge component with
      properties of 5'-terminal structures, i.e., digestion with nucleotide
      pyrophosphatase and bacterial alkaline phosphatase released 2'-O-methyladenosine
      (A-m), 2'-O-methylguanosine (G-m), and 7-methylguanosine (m-7-G), consistent with
      a 5'-terminal structure of the type, m7-GpppNm. The nuclear virus-specific RNA
      contained N6mA, GM, 2'-O-methyluridine (U-m), and a smaller proportion (10%) of
      nuclease-, phosphatase-resistant presumptive 5' termini that also yielded A-m, G
      m, and m7-G upon further hydrolysis. The infected cell nuclear and cytoplasmic
      RNAs that did not hybridize to DNA of simian virus 40 contained all four 2'-O
      methylnucleosides. The possible role of methylation in the processing and
      translation of simian virus 40-specific mRNA is discussed.

PMID- 166376
TI  - Immunohistochemical localization of 3': 5'-cyclic AMP and 3': 5'-cyclic GMP in
      rat liver, intestine, and testis.
AB  - Cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP have been localized in rat liver, small intestine, and
      testis by a fluorescent immunocytochemical procedure. In liver, cyclic AMP is
      distributed along sinusoids predominantly, and increased fluorescence is seen
      sinusoidal areas after glucagon administration. Cyclic GMP is located in nuclear
      elements and on the plasma membranes of hepatocytes. In jejunum, cyclic AMP is
      found predominantly at the basal and lateral sides of brush border cells and in
      the lamina propria, while cyclic GMP is located to the brush border membrane,
      smooth muscle, and nuclear elements. In testis, cyclic AMP is found in cytoplasm
      of cells at the perimeter of the seminiferrous tubules and in interstitial cells,
      while cyclic AMP is visualized on the plasma membrane of the cells lining the
      tubules. Cyclic GMP is also seen on chromosomes of premeiotic spermatocytes and
      in sperm. These data provide histological evidence implicating diverse roles for
      the nucleotides in these tissues. The nuclear localization of cyclic GMP in all
      of these tissues suggests a role for the nucleotide in nucleus-directed events.

PMID- 166378
TI  - Involvement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the action of cholera toxin
      in vitro.
AB  - NAD is a necessary cofactor for the activation of adenylate cyclase (ATP
      pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1) by cholera toxin. Lysates of certain
      types of cell that hydrolyze their endogenous store of NAD after cell disruption
      respond poorly or not at all to cholera toxin. Lysates of pigeon erythrocytes,
      which lack enzymes that degrade NAD, provide a convenient and reproducible system
      for assaying the activity of cholera toxin in vitro and allow investigation of
      the mechanism of action of the toxin upon broken cells.

PMID- 166377
TI  - Properties of cytoplasmic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with specific
      lesions in cytochrome oxidase.
AB  - Two mutants with specific defects in cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome
      c:oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.9.3.1) have been isolated from cultures of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to the mutagens ethyl-methane sulfonate and
      Mn++. The mutations have been shown to be extranuclear by two criteria. The
      phenotype persists in diploids formed by a cross with a p-o strain of yeast of
      the opposite mating type. Tetrad analysis indicates a non-Mendelian segregation
      (4:0 and 0:4) of the mutations. Both mutants show a total absence of cytochrome
      oxidase activity and of spectral cytochromes a and as. One of the mutants has
      been shown to be missing a polypeptide synthesized by mitochondria. The migration
      of this protein on polyacrylamide gels corresponds to the highest-molecular
      weight subunit of cytochrome oxidase.

PMID- 166379
TI  - Beta-adrenergic stimulation of pineal N-acetyltransferase: adenosine 3':5'-cyclic
      monophosphate stimulates both RNA and protein synthesis.
AB  - The lag period in the induction of rat pineal N-acetyltransferase (arylamine
      acetyltransferase or acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.5) by
      catecholamines via the beta-adrenergic receptor varies with the length of
      exposure of the rat to light or darkness. If rats have been exposed to light and
      reduced sympathetic nerve activity for more than 12 hr, this lag period is 1-2 hr
      long. Under these conditions, actinomycin D completely blocks the induction of N
      acetyltransferase by isoproterenol and by dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP). In contrast, if enzyme activity is caused to fall by
      brief exposure to light at night when N-acetyltransferase activity is high,
      reinduction by catecholamines occurs almost immediately. In this case,
      actinomycin D does not block the reinduction of N-acetyltransferase by
      isoproterenol or by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Cycloheximide blocks N
      acetyltransferase induction under all conditions tested. Thus, new protein
      synthesis is always required for N-acetyltransferase induction; however, the
      requirement for RNA synthesis is variable, and contributes to the length of the
      lag period for induction. It is postulated that both beta-adrenergic stimulation
      and dibutyryl cyclic AMP act intracellularly at two separate sites in the
      induction of pineal N-acetyltransferase. One site is in the stimulation of
      transcription, and the other is in the stimulation of post-transcriptional
      events.

PMID- 166380
TI  - Isolation of a glycogen synthase I kinase that is independent of adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate.
AB  - Three protein kinases (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) were detected
      when the soluble fraction of rabbit kidney medulla was chromatographed on DEAE
      cellulose with a linear NaC1 gradient. The first two kinases eluted (Peak 1 and
      Peak II) were cyclic-AMP-dependent, wheras Peak III was cyclic-AMP-independent. A
      procedure was developed to separate the catalytic subunit of Peak II cyclic-AMP
      dependent protein kinase (representing the bulk of the histone kinase activity)
      from Peak III protein kinase. In contrast to the catalytic subunit, Peak III
      protein kinase phosphorylated casein more rapidly than histone. Peak III was
      insensitive to the heat-stable protein inhibitor of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein
      kinases and appeared to have a higher requirement for ATP than did the catalytic
      subunit. Peak III catalyzed the conversion of glycogen synthase
      (UDPglucose:glycogen alpha-4-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.11) from the I
      (glucose-6-phosphate-independent) to the D (glucose-6-phosphate-dependent) form.
      This conversion was dependent on Mg-2+ and ATP and was unaffected by cyclic AMP,
      cyclic GMP, or the protein inhibitor. Glycogen synthase I in the soluble fraction
      of kidney medulla could be converted to the D form by endogenous glycogen
      synthase I kinase if Mg-2+ and ATP were added. Most of this glycogen synthase I
      kinase activity was unaffected by cyclic AMP or by the protein inhibitor,
      suggesting that Peak III may be of major importance in the regulation of glycogen
      synthase in vivo.

PMID- 166381
TI  - Changes in relative levels of guanosine-3':5'-monophosphate-dependent and
      adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases in lung, heart, and brain
      of developing guinea pigs.
AB  - Canges in relative levels of protein kinases (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.1.37) stimulated by either guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic-GMP) or
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic-AMP) were examined in extracts of the lung,
      heart, brain, and liver from guinea pigs at various stages of development. The
      level of cyclic-GMP-dependent protein kinase in the fetal lung, which was found
      to be the highest of any mammalian tissue samples examined, declined during
      development. On the other hand, the level of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase
      in the same extracts, which was initially lower than that of the cyclic-GMP
      dependent enzyme, increased during development and reached a level higher than
      that of the cyclic-GMP-dependent enzyme when the animals reached maturity. This
      reciprocal change in level of the two classes of protein kinases in developing
      lung was demonstrated further by chromatographing the extracts on Sephadex G-200
      and quantitating the activity of the isolated enzymes. A decrease in the ratio of
      the two classes of protein kinases qualitatively similar to that seen in the lung
      was also noted in the developing heart. An increase in the ratio of the enzymes,
      however, was seen in the developing brain. Unlike in the lung, heart, and brain,
      no change in relative level and ratio of the enzymes was noted in liver during
      development. These results suggest that a balance between the effects of cyclic
      GMP-dependent and cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinases may be important in normal
      development of certain tissues.

PMID- 166382
TI  - Neutron scattering study of human serum low density lipoprotein.
AB  - Regions of different proton density in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle
      from human serum have been determined by neutron scattering. From measurements in
      various H2O/D2O mixtures, the LDL particle appears to be quasi-spherical, with
      the centers of gravity of the hydrocarbon and polar regions coinciding. The
      average volume occupied by a particle was found to be 3.2 X 10-6 A-3, with the
      volume fraction occupied by the hydrocarbons being 60%. The ratius of gyration of
      the hydrocarbon region was 64 A, while that of the polar region was 100 A.
      consequently, the core of LDL is predominantly occupied by the hydrocarbon
      chains, while the outer shell is sparsely occupied by protein emerging from the
      lipid core.

PMID- 166383
TI  - NAD-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin,.
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin (PA toxin) inhibits protein synthesis in a
      reticulocyte cell-free system. The inhibition requires NAD and results in a block
      at an elongation step of polypeptide assembly. PA toxin was found to act like
      diphtheria toxin fragment A. Both toxins catalyze the transfer of radioactivity
      from nicotinamide(U-14-C)adenine dinucleotide ((14-C)NAD) into covalent linkage
      with the 100,000 dalton elongation (EF-2) protein. Furthermore, in the presence
      of a limiting amount of EF-2, excess toxin, and (14-C)NAD, the two toxins were
      non-additive in the amount of label transferred to EF-3. Unlike free fragment A
      of diphtheria toxin, the enzymatic activity of PA toxin is heat labile and
      neutralizable with antibody to PA toxin but not with antibody to fragment A.
      Although PA and diphtheria toxins have different cellular specificities and
      molecular properties and produce different clinical symptoms, their intracellular
      mechanisms of action appear to be identical.

PMID- 166384
TI  - Adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate as mediator of catabolite repression in
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Measurements of intracellular adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)
      concentrations in E. coli under a variety of conditions show that levels of this
      nucleotide are well correlated with the rate of synthesis of beta-galactosidase
      (beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) in both catabolite repression
      and transient repression. These results, combined with extensive genetic and in
      vitro studies from a number of laboratories on the role of cAMP in E. coli,
      provide strong support for the concept that intracellular cAMP levels mediate the
      effects of catabolite and transient repression on rates on enzyme synthesis.
      Under all conditions studied, excretion can be described by a single rate
      constant, 2.1 min-1 at 37 degrees, indicating that intracellular levels cannot be
      regulated by alterations in the rate of cAMP excretion. Our data are fully
      consistent with the idea that carbon sources control intracellular cAMP levels by
      effects on its synthesis.

PMID- 166385
TI  - Antigen-stimulated changes in cyclic nucleotide levels in the mouse.
AB  - Mice injected intravenously with sheep erythrocytes (sRBC) demonstrate a
      transient increase in splenic cAMP levels (4-fold), which peak at 2 min after
      injection and return to basal levels by 20 min. In addition to the change in
      cAMP, an increase in splenic cGMP levels (1.5-fold) occurs beginning 5-10 min
      after sRBC injection, and persists for up to 7 days. During this period cAMP
      levels remain at or below control levels in the spleen. There is no change in
      3':5' cyclic nucleotide levels in the liver and a small increase (1.2- to 1.3
      fold) in the thymus at the time when splenic cyclic nucleotide levels are
      elevated. The changes in splenic cyclic nucleotide levels appear to be dependent
      on the presence of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes, since little change occurs in
      cAMP and changes in cGMP are absent in athymic nude mice. In addition, cAMP
      levels were increased by pretreatment of normal mice with cortisone acetate,
      which selects for mature T lymphocytes. Agents that block autonomic nervous
      system functions have no effect on the early sRBC-induced changes in cyclic
      nucleotide levels.Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, reduces
      the change in cAMP level by 50% and blocks the change in cGMP levels completely.
      Secondary stimulation with sRBC results in a larger increase in cAMP levels than
      that seen with a primary injection of sRBC, indicating the presence of specific
      antigen-sensitive memory cells. Changes in splenic cyclic nucleotide levels
      cannot be detected at early times after the injection of soluble protein antigens
      such as bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Salmonella H antigen
      stimulates a 2-fold increase in cAMP levels, the increase occurring more slowly
      than with sRBC. The in vivo changes incyclic nucleotide levels are correlated
      with known changes in cyclic nucleotide levels which have been documented in
      vitro in both T-cells and T-cell-dependent-B-cell (bone-marrow derived) antibody
      responses.

PMID- 166386
TI  - A genetic determinant of the phenotypic variance of the molecular weight of low
      density lipoprotein.
AB  - The molecular weight of monodisperse human plasma low densitylipoprotein has been
      measured in 69 individuals and found to vary over the range of 2.4 to 3.9 X 10-6.
      By contrast, the molecular weight of low density lipoprotein measured on two
      separate occasions for specific individuals shows a mean difference of 0.07 X 10
      6 and a standard deviation of 0.08 X 10-6; hence low density lipoprotein
      differing in molecular weight by greater than 0.2 X 10-6 may be considered
      different macomolecules. The distribution of the molecular weight of low density
      lipoprotein does not differ as a function of age or sex. Hyperlipemic subjects
      having monodisperse low density lipoprotein show similar molecular weight
      distribution to normal subjects, as do subjects with premature coronary artery
      disease. Family studies reveal a correlation coefficient of 0.82 between average
      molecular weights of parents and offspring, with significance at 0.01. In order
      to assess the influence of environment on molecular weight of low density
      lipoprotein, the correlation coefficient between the fathers' and mothers' low
      density lipoprotein was measured and no statistically significant correlation was
      found. These data are interpreted as strong evidence for a genetic determination
      of molecular weight of low density lipoprotein. A study of individuals in five
      families yields molecular weight data consistent with a single gene locus genetic
      mode of inheritance without dominance. The regression coefficient of the mean low
      denisty lipoprotein parental molecular weight on the offspring molecular weight
      is 0.30. If the variability of molecular weight is considered as an expression of
      phenotypic variance, then the regression analysis identified 30% of this
      phenotypic variance as arising from additive gene action presumably at a single
      locus. Segregation in the family data is consistent. Since the differences in
      molecular weight of low density lipoprotein arise from differences in the amount
      of lipid bound to the apoprotein, it is likely that an additional portion of the
      phenotypic variance of the molecular weight results from individual variations in
      the metabolism of low density lipoprotein, which yield differences in lipid
      content. The individual variation in molecular weight is only approximately 5%;
      hence those metabolic sequences that influence molecular weight of low density
      lipoproteins must be precisely controlled.

PMID- 166388
TI  - Coenzyme A requirement of malaria parasites: enzymes of coenzyme A biosynthesis
      in normal duck erythrocytes and erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium lophurae.
AB  - Normal duck erythrocytes and erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium lopharae have
      all of the enzymes for coenzyme A biosynthesis, whereas parasites freed from
      their host cells have non. Since erythrocytefree cultivation of P. lophurae
      requires an exogenous source of coenzyme A, this parasite must obtain its
      coenzyme A entirely from the host cell during infection.

PMID- 166389
TI  - [Pathology and therapy of goiter].

PMID- 166387
TI  - Viral and cellular DNA synthesis in nuclei from human lymphocytes transformed by
      Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - A DNA-synthesizing system in vitro, using nuclei prepared by treatment of human
      lymphocytes with the detergent Brij 58, was developed. Nuclei from cultured
      lymphocytes synthesized DNA for as long as 5 hr, and required ATP,
      deoxynucleoside triphosphates, magnesium, and a calcium chelator. In nuclei from
      a partially synchronized line of cultured lymphocytes carrying several hundred
      copies of the Epstein-Barr viral genome, synthesis in vitro was predominately
      viral in early S phase and cellular in late S phase. These and other data
      suggested that the DNA synthesis observed in vitro was predominately replicative.

PMID- 166390
TI  - [16-alpha-heterosubstituted estradiols (estradiol analogs). Preparation and
      binding power at receptors of rat uterus in vitro].

PMID- 166391
TI  - [Structure-metabolism-activity relationship in 17 alpha-CH2X-substituted estra
      1,3,5,(10)-trienen].

PMID- 166392
TI  - [Comparative studies on biological activity and the kinetics of fat accumulation
      of estrogens].

PMID- 166393
TI  - The sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase: pharmacological, physiological and
      biochemical aspects.

PMID- 166394
TI  - Electron transfer in photosensitization of biomolecules by acridine dyes.

PMID- 166395
TI  - Light-induced free radicals in oriented DNA-proflavine complexes.

PMID- 166396
TI  - Retrograde amnesia: prolonging the fixation phase of memory consolidation by
      paradoxical sleep deprivation.

PMID- 166397
TI  - Sleep patterns and avoidance conditioning in the rat.

PMID- 166398
TI  - Awakening as an operant behavior: preliminary results.

PMID- 166399
TI  - Frequency analysis of rat hippocampal electrical activity.

PMID- 166400
TI  - Anti-amnesic effect of ACTH4-10: its independence of the nature of the amnesic
      agent and the behavioral test.

PMID- 166401
TI  - Sleep stage deprivation and total sleep loss: effects on sleep behavior.

PMID- 166402
TI  - The relationship of small limb movements during REM sleep to dreamed limb action.
AB  - Ten adult subjects, selected for good dream recall and ability to produce
      spontaneously fine limb movements in the laboratory, reported their last dream
      experience after awakenings from REM sleep during various limb movement and no
      movement conditions. The reports were rated for amount and girdle location of
      dreamed actions by judges blind to the awakening condition. There was a
      significant correlation between the number of girdles moving before awakening and
      the amount of dreamed action. Also, when dreams from single girdle movement
      awakening conditions were examined, the girdle active before awakening was
      dreamed as moving to a significant degree.

PMID- 166404
TI  - Program in behavioral pharmacology.

PMID- 166403
TI  - Antipsychotic drugs: roles of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 166405
TI  - Pharmacology of neural modulation and transmission.

PMID- 166406
TI  - Insulin secretion: mechanism of the stimulation by glucose.

PMID- 166407
TI  - Neonatal radiology.  Large heads and ventricles in infants.

PMID- 166409
TI  - The air bronchogram in interstitial disease of the lungs. A radiological
      pathological correlation.
AB  - The air bronchogram classically signals an end-air-space or "alveolar" filling
      process such as alveolar proteinosis and bronchioloalveolar-cell carcinoma.
      However, it can also occur in interstitial diseases, possibly leading to
      compressive atelectasis and causing crowding of tissue around open airways. In
      addition, such disease processes may encroach on distal airways, producing
      obstructive pneumonia which may then surround open proximal airways, as in
      sarcoidosis and lymphoma. In mixed "alveolar" and interstitial processes such as
      Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the late stages of hemosiderosis, "alveolar"
      filling may mask the interstitial disease.

PMID- 166408
TI  - Neonatal radiology.  Urinary obstruction in the neonatal infant.

PMID- 166410
TI  - A new method of diagnosing myocardial contusion in man by radionuclide imaging.
AB  - A new method of diagnosing myocardial contusion was studied in 8 patients in whom
      the injured mycardium was visualized as an abnormal area of increased activity in
      the region of the heart one hour after intravenous injection of 10 mCi of 99m-Tc
      Sn-polyphosphate or pyrophosphate. Serum enzymes in these patients were elevated,
      but electrocardiograms were nonspecific for myocardial injury. It is hoped that
      this new technique of imaging the injured myocardium will provide specific and
      confirmatory diagnosis of myocardial contusion associated with closed chest
      injuries.

PMID- 166411
TI  - Chemodectomas involving the temporal bone.

PMID- 166412
TI  - Total-lung irradiation in the treatment of pulmonary metastases.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with pulmonary metastases from a variety of primary malignant
      neoplasms were treated with total-lung irradiation. The incidence of radiation
      pneumonitis was 21%(13/62) overall, rising to 23% (9/39) in those receiving a
      tumor dose of 1,500 rads or more. Nine patients with radiation pneumonitis were
      given chemotherapy (actinomycin D) together with irradiation, and in this group
      the incidence of radiation pneumonitis was 25%. Five survivors, including 4
      treated for metastatic Wilms' tumor, were treated more than 13 months prior to
      analysis without evidence of disease thus far. Total-lung irradiation for primary
      malignant neoplasms other than Wilms' tumor does not presently appear to be
      indicated. A dose of 1,500 rads in 2 weeks in conjunction with actinomycin D is
      recommended for metastatic Wilms' tumor.

PMID- 166413
TI  - Eukaryotic RNA polymerases and the factors that control them.

PMID- 166414
TI  - [RNA involvement in DNA replication (author's transl)].

PMID- 166415
TI  - Ultrastructural changes accompanying mitosporogenesis in Ectocarpus parvus.
AB  - The plurilocular zoosporangium of Ectocarpus parvus Saunders in initiated as a
      uniseriate branch from a vegetative cell. Subsequent anticlinal and periclinal
      divisions of the cells leads to enlargement of the sporangium and the formation
      of multiple locules. Each locule containes a single biflagellate zoospore.
      Ultrastructural changes accompanying these events include a reduction in the size
      of chromatophores, a reduction in the number of dictyosomes and the appearance of
      plasmalemmasomes in later stages. Enlargement of the mitochondria and a decrease
      in size of the nucleus occur in the final stages of zoospore formation.
      Comparison with the vegetative and sporogenous cells of other brown algae are
      made.

PMID- 166416
TI  - Evidence for a possible prostaglandin link in ACTH-induced steroidogenesis.
AB  - The steroidogenic response to ACTH prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was studied in cat
      adrenocortical cells dispersed with trypsin. The dose-response curves of both
      agents were qualitatively and quantitatively similar. Exposure to PGE2 or ACTH in
      the presence of labeled steroid precursor (acetate) resulted in the accumulation
      of comparable levels of steroid intermediates and end-product. Submaximal or
      maximal concentrations of ACTH and PGE-2 given simultaneously elicited a response
      which was no greater than that obtained with either stimulant alone. Although
      calcium was required for optimal PGE-2 stimulation of steroid production, this
      requirement with ACTH as the stimulant, but greater than with butyryl cyclic AMP.
      PGE-2-induced increase in the adrenal cyclic AMP was not statistically
      significant and was small in relation to that found with equipotent steroidogenic
      ACTH concentrations. The possible relationship between prostaglandins, cyclic
      AMP, and calcium in the action of ACTH is discussed.

PMID- 166417
TI  - Action of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and synthesis of prostaglandin in
      the pituitary gland.
AB  - The possibility that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) may play a role in luteinizing
      hormone (LH) release was examined using an in vitro model. Addition of
      luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) to the culture medium stimulated
      cyclic AMP accumulation and LH-release by incubated hemipituitaries, but did not
      affect the level of PGE2 or prostaglandin synthetase activity in the gland.
      Aspirin and indomethacin reduced both prostaglandin synthetase activity and PGE2
      or prostaglandin synthetase activity in the gland. Aspirin and indomethacin
      reduced both prostaglandin synthetase activity and PGE2 content in the pituitary,
      but did not impair the stimulatory action of LH-RH on either cyclic AMP
      accumulation or LH-release. Flufenamic acid on its own caused LH-release, but the
      drug abolished the effect of LH-RH on cyclic AMP accumulation. The mechanism of
      this action of flufenamic acid is not understood. It is concluded that the
      stimulatory action of LH-RH on pituitary cyclic AMP production and LH release is
      not mediated by prostaglandins.

PMID- 166418
TI  - [Insular neoplasms of the pancreas. Surgical aspects].

PMID- 166419
TI  - [Carcinoid bronchial adenoma and pulmonary hamartoma].

PMID- 166420
TI  - Inhibition of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase reaction by 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)
      uracil: A result of drug induced dithiothreitol oxidation.
AB  - 6-(P-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil (HPUra) reduced by dithiothreitol inhibited AMV or
      RLV virion associated exogenous RNA-dependent DNA polymerase reactions. However,
      the inhibition was variable from experiment to experiment and was not consistent
      with the base specificity of HPUra seen for inhibition of gram positive DNA
      dependent DNA polymerases. Increasing the concentration of dithiothreitol
      reversed the inhibition. Furthermore, at non-toxic concentrations, HPUra did not
      influence the plating efficiency of RLV in tissue culture, as measured by the
      ability to induce foci on sarcoma virus positive-leukemia virus negative cells.
      Oxidation of dithiothreitol in the presence or absence of HPUra was followed
      spectrophotometrically under enzyme conditions. HPUra catalyzed the oxidation of
      dithiothreitol under these conditions. Since dithiothreitol is required for
      optimum reaction rates, as well as complete disruption of virus in some
      polymerase assay systems, the oxidation of dithiothreitol in the presence of
      HPUra is sufficient to explain the inhibition seen.

PMID- 166422
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus: comparison of different strains for their biological
      activities in vitro.
AB  - Several sources of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were tested for the ability to
      superinfect Raji cells or to transform human cord blood leukocytes. EBV prepared
      from P3HR-1 cells showed only the ability to superinfect Raji cells whereas EBV
      from QIMR-WIL cells from a cell line (CRU-L1) derived from an infectious
      mononucleosis (IM) patient or virus from throat washings from IM patients
      transformed human cord blood leukocytes, but did not superinfect Raji cells.

PMID- 166421
TI  - Pseudorabies virus - induced neural hyperreactivity following occular and skin
      infections in the rat.
AB  - The types of functional disturbances caused by a neurotropic virus was
      investigated by means of neurophysiological techniques. Two types of
      neurophysiologic lesions were produced in the superior cervical sympathetic
      ganglia and sural nerve in rats infected with two distinct strains of
      pseudorabies virus. The pruritus-producing strain following intraocular
      inoculation displayed spontaneous activity in the ganglia both in vivo and in
      vitro. This activity was susceptible to the actions of ATP, AMP, pyridoxine,
      pyridoxamine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Following intradermal
      inoculation, spontaneous activity and pruritus were seen along the sural nerve.
      The non- pruritus producing strain caused meningoencephalitis with impaired
      sympathetic synaptic conduction. The relationship of these pathopharmacologic
      findings to pathogenesis of syndromes naturally or experimentally occurring in
      viral infection was assessed.

PMID- 166423
TI  - Cellular cooperation in transformation by EB virus.
AB  - Human lymphoid cells transformed by Epstein-Barr (EB) virus are thought to be B
      lymphocytes. Transformation of human mononuclear leukocytes by Epstein-Barr virus
      was decreased or lost by removing adhering or nonadhering mononuclear cells from
      the mixtures of peripheral blood leukocytes but was not decreased by removing T
      lymphocytes. Recombining adherent and nonadherent mononuclear cells without T
      lymphocytes restored transformability, but conditioned medium from cultures of
      adherent cells did not. Cooperation between non-adherent (B-cells) and adherent
      cells (monocytes) is necessary for EB virus transformation.

PMID- 166424
TI  - [Treatment in myasthenic crisis induced by ACTH (author's transl)].

PMID- 166425
TI  - Familial recurrent peripheral neuropathy.

PMID- 166426
TI  - [Facial paralysis in children. Value of virological diagnosis].

PMID- 166427
TI  - Infection: constant threat to perinatal life.

PMID- 166428
TI  - [Transmembrane relays of neurohormonal information. 1. The functional unit:
      adenylcyclase--cyclic AMP-protein kinase].

PMID- 166430
TI  - Enzymatic activities in albino-rat cerebral tissue following administration of
      antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 166429
TI  - [Transmembrane relays of neurohormonal information. 2. Mediated hormonal
      transmissions].

PMID- 166431
TI  - Tumors of the connective tissue of the skin.

PMID- 166432
TI  - Latent infection of sensory ganglia with herpes simplex virus: efficacy of
      immunization.
AB  - Mice were used to test the efficacy of active immunization in preventing latent
      infection of local sensory ganglia that follows inoculation of superficial
      epithelial surfaces with herpes simplex virus. Substantial but not complete
      protection was observed in animals immunized and challenged with herpes simplex
      virus type 1, but no protection was noted in animals immunized and challenged
      with herpes simplex virus type 2. Latent ganglionic infection can develop in
      immunized animals despite the presence of high titers of neutralizing antibody.

PMID- 166433
TI  - Cell surface differences in ducts from cancerous and noncancerous human breasts.
AB  - The scanning electron microscope reveals structural differences between the
      apical microvilli of duct cells from cancerous and noncancerous human breasts.
      The alterations in the microvilli from carcinomatous breasts appear to be highly
      specific, to extend throughout the affected breast, and may be pathognomonic for
      this condition.

PMID- 166434
TI  - Cell rigidity: Effect on concanavalin A-mediated agglutinability of fibroblasts
      after fixation.
AB  - A quantitative hemadsorption assay distinguishes the effects of membrane fixation
      on concanavalin A-mediated agglutinability of fixed cells with unfixed cells. We
      observed undiminished adherence of unfixed erythrocytes to glutaraldehyde-fixed
      normal and virus-transformed hamster fibroblasts coated with concanavalin A.
      Fixation of the erythrocytes abolished agglutination with fixed fibroblasts. The
      agglutinability of fixed cells is more likely related to increased cell rigidity
      than to decreased membrane fluidity.

PMID- 166435
TI  - Induced adhesion in Crassostrea virginica larvae.
AB  - Normal motile veliger larvae of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, were observed
      swimming in pairs or trios. Adhesion between animals is firm and has a specific
      orientation. This adhesion can be induced in low frequencies by culturing larvae
      at high densities, and in much higher frequencies by inclusion of an antibiotic
      mix in the seawater culture medium.

PMID- 166436
TI  - [Anterior antehypaphyseal insufficiecency in the elderly].
AB  - The authors report 4 personal cases, and analyse 18 cases of anterior pituitary
      insufficiency in the elderly found in the world literature. The initial symptoms
      are not specific and are difficult to interpret. They are frequently attributed
      to physiological ageing. In the absence of early diagnois, the patient may become
      comatose, this coma is often irreversible in spite of hormone treatment. In 60%
      of cases, the cause of the pituitary failure was not found. In the onset of the
      latter, the role of ageing on pituitary function, the responsibility of
      circulatory failure between the hypothalamus and the pituitary and, finally, the
      existence of auto-immune mechanisms are then discussed.

PMID- 166437
TI  - [Does rheumatic pleuresy exist?].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 20 year-old young man with old rheumatic heart
      disease in whom suddenly occurred sero-fibrinous pleurisy with fever. The usual
      cause of pleurisy, e.g. tuberculosis, were eliminated. On the other hadn, there
      was considerable evidence, including lengthening of the P-R interval, and raised
      anti-streptolysin titer at 1920 units, which suggested recurrence of rheumatic
      fever. The relationship between this disease and sero-fibrinous pleurisy is then
      discussed.

PMID- 166438
TI  - [2 cases of hepatorenal polycystosis].
AB  - The authors report two cases of polycystic liver andkidney in two women. They
      were unusual in that the liver first gave risr to symptoms and the renal lesions
      were completely latent. Both hepatic and renal lesions were well tolerated in
      spite of hepatomegally. They emphasize the interest of laparoscopy and biopsy of
      the liver under direct vision, and selective aortography, in the diagnosis. They
      discuss the basic differences between polycystic liver and kidney in adults, from
      that in children ornewborn, and caroli's disease. Finally, they emphasize the
      usually poor prognosis dominated by progressive renal failure which should guide
      treatment. The latter depends on periodic supervision of the patient for the
      disease usually evolves slowly. Treatment should therefore be conservative. Tn
      some cases, however, renal transplantaton should be considered before
      irreversible renal failure in young subjects, at an age when it is still
      possible. On the other hand, the liver lesions do not require any radical
      treatment, unless there is intercurrent infection or pressure on
      neighbouringorgans.

PMID- 166439
TI  - [Acute non-tuberculous military lung].
AB  - The authors report the case of a young woman with acute miliary appearance of the
      lung with asphyxia, from which she rapidly recovered.  No cause was demonstrated;
      this illustrates the difficulty in diagnosis of this disease.  Contact with a
      bird, led the authors to consider exogenous, allergic granulomatosis, but
      immunological examinations did not confirm this.  Apart from tuberculosis, almost
      50 different pathogenic organisms may cause acute respiratory failure associated
      with a miliary or reticulo-nodular appearance of the lung.  The main methods of
      diagnosis are discussed in relation to the most commonly observed causes in
      France.

PMID- 166440
TI  - [Neurologic complications of pagetic basilar impressions and their surgical
      treatment].
AB  - Paget's disease of the skull is the main cause of basilar artery syndromes in the
      adult. They may cause various neurological symptoms, including signs of ischemia
      of the spinal cord or medulla, or involvement of the cranial nerves and brain
      stem and, also, distant symptoms due to hydrocephalus, with various mental
      disorders including transient, recurrent, coma. The authors discuss 30 cases
      found in the world literature and 6 unreported personal cases, study the clinical
      symptoms of these cases of basilar artery compression due to Paget's disease, and
      the methods of neuro-radiological investigation, and emphasize the interest, in
      severe forms, of early surgical decompression before the stage of severe
      neurological complications. Regular supervision of patients with Pagets disease
      is thus essential to detect at an early stage, decompensation of basilar artery
      insufficiency in Paget's disease. In late forms, calcitonin may be indicated.

PMID- 166441
TI  - [Myeloma and osteocondensation (apropos of 2 cases)].
AB  - The authors report two cases of multiple myeloma which were typical both
      clinically and in the laboratory but XRay examination, on the other hand, showed
      appearances of osteocondensation. In the first case, XRay showed both lesions of
      osteolysis in the cranial vault and homogeneous condensation of D11 and L1,
      together with the left iliac crest. In the other case, there was osteolysis of
      the acetabulum together with areas of osteocondensation distributed throughout
      the pelvis and upper ends of the femurs, with two areas of annular fibrosis
      circumscribing the area of osteolysis, finally, homogeneous condensation of the
      skull. In both cases, bone biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma
      showing both osteofibrosis and plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow. This
      also permitted the authors to note the absence of any myelofibrosis or
      metamorphic neo-osteogenesis. Illustrated by these two cases, condensing multiple
      myeloma is a rare entity, the special clinical characteristics of which reside in
      its fairly frequent coexistence with peripheral neuritis which is probably
      similar to a para-neoplastic syndrome. The radiological appearances are mainly of
      four types: 1) Focal areas of bony condensation. 2) Areas of annular fibrosis
      circumscribing osteolysis. 3) Appearances of radial spicules, or 4)
      Osteocondensation extending to a fairly large part of the skeleton. The
      laboratory signs are identical with those in other types of multiple myeloma with
      a few exceptions, such as, rareness of hypercalcemia, more frequent tendency to
      hypocalcemia, rise in alkaline phosphatase, in a few cases. Bone biopsy confirms
      the diagnosis. The osteofibrosis resulted here from thickening of the osteoid
      seams by laying down of successive layers of bony substance, irregularly
      calcified and, also secondarily, metamorphic neo-osteogenesis in a few rare cases
      which also included myelofibrosis.

PMID- 166442
TI  - [Results of 79 hepatic biopsies in untreated bacillary pleurs pulmonary
      tuberculosis patients].
AB  - The authors report 79 needle biopsies of the liver, using a Menghini needle,
      carried out as routine in untreated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with positive
      sputum. Apart from the histological study, the authors carried out, in 30 cases,
      a bacteriological study of the liver fragment. The bacteriological and
      histological results are reported here in detail, then compared with those in the
      world literature. No significant correlation was found between the histological
      type of the suggestive hepatic lesions, e.g. follicular appearances or
      appearances of nodular kupferian hyperplasia and the radioclinical variety of
      pulmonary tuberculosis, e.g. parenchymatous, pleural or miliary. The authors
      emphasize the significance of each type of pathological lesion encountered, in
      particular, the appearance of nodular kupferian hyperplasia or intralobular,
      lymphohistiocytic islets, which seem to them remarkable by their relative
      frequency and their chararacter fairly suggestive of tuberculosis. In spite of
      the low number of pathological appearances obtained in these liver biopsies, the
      present study nevertheless permitted a few interesting conclusions on the blood
      spread of the tubercle bacillus and the significance of changes in the Kupfer
      system during common pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 166443
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems posed by 2 cases of exudative enteropathy].
AB  - The authors report two cases of exsudative enteropathy characterised by the
      existence of oedema of the lower limbs associated with hypoproteinemia and marked
      lymphopenia with disturbances of the P.V.P. test. In both cases lymphography
      demonstrated major abnormalities with obvious obstruction in one case, and signs
      of slowing of lymph flow with appearances of dysplasia in the other. Surgery
      permitted us in one case, to discover a calcified lymph node probably due to
      tuberculosis. The etiology of these cases is discussed and seems to be mainly
      related to abnormalities of the lymphatic system. A low fat diet and
      administration of medium-chain triglycerides, gave an undoubted improvement when
      the treatment was followed by the patient. These two cases illustrate well the
      difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problems sometimes raised by syndromes of
      exsudative enteropathy, in particular owing to the many possible causes.

PMID- 166444
TI  - [Supravermian subdural triangle limited by the veins of the posterior fossa.
      Normal radio-anatomical study. Vermis herniation in the supravermian subdural
      space or superior vermis herniation].
AB  - The author describes a conical sub-dural space above the vermis limited in front
      by Galien's ampulla, behind by the right venous sinuses and, below by the
      superior cerebellar vein. This space, which is not filled with air injected by
      the cisternal route, is only shown in lateral views thanks to its venous
      outlines. In cases of raised intracranial pressure, the superior cerebellar
      vermis may occupy this space so that a sort of impaction occurs at this level,
      which the author proposes calling smaller than superior vermial impaction greater
      than. Among forms of cerebral herniation, vermial impaction may not occur when
      the CSF obstruction occurs at another level.

PMID- 166445
TI  - [Malignant lymphoma with pulmonary localization. Attempt at an anatomo
      pathological classification].
AB  - The authors reported 33 cases of malignant lymphoma in the lung observed over a
      period of 6 years on the Pathological Department of the Beaujon Hospital.
      Whatever their cytological, lymphocytic, lymphoblastic or reticular type
      (Hodgkin's disease was excluded from this study), they may be grouped in two main
      pathological categories: 1) Malignant lymphoma involving the lung and mediastinum
      without extra-thoracic lesions detected at the time of diagnosis (4 cases). In 3
      cases, the disease had been present for 2 to 6 months. In 1 case the course was
      favourable for 5 years then the patient developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
      2) The pulmonary lesions observed during general infections, whether as
      presenting symptoms in 9 cases, or simply discovered on autopsy as in 20 cases.
      Histological examination, essential for the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma,
      provides no evidence in favour of the primary pulmonary origin of the disease;
      this diagnosis can only be made after full blood investigations. The prognosis is
      also difficult to determine for survival for many years may be followed by sudden
      general malignant blood disease.

PMID- 166446
TI  - Hematologic clues to systmeic disease in childhood.

PMID- 166447
TI  - Traditional healers and modern medicine.

PMID- 166448
TI  - Predictability of response to endocrine ablation in breast cancer.
AB  - Carcinoma of the breast remains the most common and most frequently lethal form
      of cancer in women. In far-advanced disease, endocrine manipulation remains the
      major modality of treatment. Recent advances have shown that approximately 40% of
      breast cancers contain estradiol receptors in their cytoplasm. The presence or
      absence of these receptors is a good indicator of whether or not the patient will
      respond to endocrine ablation.

PMID- 166449
TI  - Friedreich's ataxia.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic findings in Friedreich's ataxia were discussed and
      recent literature was reviewed with respect to associated heart disease, diabetes
      mellitus, peripheral nerve involvement, and EEG changes. Recent research aimed
      toward discovering an enzyme defect or defects was reviewed and, when available,
      our conclusions were stated. Friedreich's ataxia remains an unexplained
      spinocerebellar degeneration occurring in early life, inherited in a
      predominantly autosomal recessive fashion, and associated with cardiac
      dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral sensory nerve involvement.

PMID- 166450
TI  - Immunofluorescent diagnosis of acute viral infection.

PMID- 166451
TI  - Cytomegalic virus infection of bowel in adults.
AB  - Cytomegalic virus infection of the bowel in 2 adult patients is reported. The
      controversies related to this rare pathology are evaluated, particularly the role
      of cytomegalic inclusion virus (CMV) as a primary or secondary pathogen in bowel.

PMID- 166452
TI  - Paediatric renal masses. Some experiences with ultrasound and arteriography.
AB  - Renal masses in children are common, their pathology varying in different age
      groups. Using ultrasound to establish a diagnosis, the supine position should
      first be attempted. For black-and-white echography a medium frequency of 2,5
      megahertz is suitable, but careful technique and interpretation are essential.
      Arteriography using a 70-mm camera is not suitable for selective evaluation of
      avascular masses. Four illustrative cases to show diagnostic points and pitfalls
      are recorded.

PMID- 166453
TI  - The radiological diagnosis of hepatoma with special emphasis on angiography.
AB  - The radiological findings of 69 out of a total of 81 cases of proven primary
      hepatocellular carcinoma are reviewed retrospectively. Selective angiography was
      performed on 42 patients and the results are analysed according to specific
      angiographic findings and distribution of the neoplasm, Because of the more
      aggressive approach to surgical treatment of hepatomas, angiography is of utmost
      importance in the pre-operative evaluation of the extent of the lesion and the
      vascular supply to the liver. Apart from the conventional angiogram, the
      technique of slow-infusion hepatic angiography is discussed as well as the value
      of enhancement techniques such as photographic subtraction and the use of
      vasoconstrictor drugs. Response to chemotherapy can be assessed by an infusion
      hepatic angiogram if a catheter has been surgically placed in the hepatic artery.
      The majority of tumours were easily disgnosed on the angiogram but special
      problems were encountered in distinguishing multicentric forms of hepatoma from
      hepatic metastases and avascular lesions from primary cholangiocarcinoma. The
      wide variety of clinical and angiographic findings that may be found, are
      emphasised in 4 brief case repots.

PMID- 166454
TI  - Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. A case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Clinical and radiological assessment of a female patient suffering from varicose
      veins revealed many of the features first described by Klippel and Trenaunay. The
      findings are presented in detail and the lymphographic features are illustrated.
      The previous literature is briefly reviewed.

PMID- 166455
TI  - Liver pathology in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. A review.
AB  - Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), in addition to its association with chronic
      pulmonary disease, is reported with liver disease. Twenty per cent of Pi-type ZZ
      AATD infants present with a cholestatic type of neonatal hepatitis and develop a
      slowly progressive cirrhosis, and most die before adult life. Ten per cent of Pi
      type ZZ adults develop cirrhosis. They have an increased frequency of primary
      liver carcinoma. In Z homozygotes and heterozygotes specific globules, due to
      accumulation of a type of alpha1-antitrypsin, are seen in liver cells. They are
      thought not to be hepatotoxic but to render the liver cell more susceptible to
      damage by an additional factor.

PMID- 166456
TI  - Some aspects of corticosteroid-induced cleft palate: a review.
AB  - Since the discovery 25 years ago that cortisone can produce cleft palate in mouse
      embryos investigations into possible mechanisms of this corticosteroid-induced
      defect have been many and varied. However, the teratogenic mode of action remains
      not fully clarified. It is with this thought in mind that we have reflected upon
      what is known concerning corticosteroids and cleft palate. The major metabolic
      pathways upon which glucocorticoids act as well as their intracellular mode of
      action are well known. Differential sensitivity of various mouse strains to
      cortisone treatment as well as recent results from interstrain blastocyst
      transfer experiments demonstrate that corticosteroid action is influenced by both
      the fetal and maternal genomes. Labeling experiments indicate that corticosteroid
      induced cleft palate is the result of direct action of the steroid molecule on
      the fetus, whose own sensitivity to insult, perhaps owing to differences in
      binding of corticosteroids to tissue proteins, determines the final effect.
      Possible mechanisms that have been proposed by which corticoids may produce cleft
      palate include: disruption of glycosaminoglycan or collagen synthesis or both,
      intracellular lysosomal membrane stabilization, myopathy, weakened midline
      fusion, and loss of amniotic fluid. Also discussed is the role of stress and
      stress-induced corticosteroids and their possible role in the production of cleft
      palate.

PMID- 166459
TI  - Protein triplet states.

PMID- 166458
TI  - Effects of gliclazide, a new antidiabetic agent, on the platelet release
      reaction, role of adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 166457
TI  - Tissue phosphatase changes following triamcinolone associated with cleft palate
      in rats.
AB  - One theory of the development of cleft palate in rats involves the action of
      lysosomal enzymes secreted by epithelial cells at the time of fusion of the
      palatal shelves. To test this theory we studied the biochemistry of the palates
      of fetal rats daily between days 14 and 19 (from 3 days before to 3 days after
      palate closure). Triamcinolone was administered once im on gestation day 14 to
      Wistar rats; 0.5 mg/kg body weight produced approximately 50% cleft palates.
      Pooled control palatal tissue was compared with pooled experimental tissue; that
      from fetuses with clefts being pooled separately from those not affected. Acid
      phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were assayed. Concentration vs. time curves
      for both enzymes were very similar. Prior to the time of palate closure both
      enzymes were present in low concentration. Between days 16 and 17, the normal
      time of closure, there was an abrupt increased in enzyme concentration, with
      experimental tissue showing a significant elevation over control tissue on days
      17 and 18. Alkaline phosphatase was also present in small amounts before closure
      and significantly higher in control tissue on day 17. Protein was depressed in
      palates having clefts on day 17; thus the ratio of enzyme activities to protein
      synthesis was significantly elevated at a critical time. Unaffected experimental
      palates had a normal ratio. These results suggest imbalanced acid phosphatase,
      beta-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase activity compared with protein
      synthesis at the time of palate closure following triamcinolone in rats.

PMID- 166460
TI  - Chlophentermine-induced abnormalcytoplasmic inclusions in peripheral blood cells
      of rats and guinea pigs.

PMID- 166461
TI  - [Results of combined Wilms tumor therapy with special reference to therapy
      induced skeletal changes].
AB  - Prognosis of Wilms' tumors has remarkably improved by combination of surgery,
      radiation and chemotherapy.  Incidence and extent of skeletal changes after
      standardized treatment (1967-1973) of 24 children were analysed in dependence on
      time of therapy and age.

PMID- 166462
TI  - Radioactive ruthenium red accumulation by tumors: a potential scanning agent.
AB  - The distribution of 103-Ru-Ruthenium red in tumour bearing animals indicates that
      Ruthenium red labelled with radioruthenium shows the characteristics of a tumour
      scanning agent. Its accumulation seems to be related to its specific binding to
      mucopolysaccharides. In addition, this radiocompound shows a potential value in
      the study of other pathological states involving the metabolism of
      mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins.

PMID- 166463
TI  - [Age variability of the thickness of the bones of the cranial vault].

PMID- 166464
TI  - [Forensic medical study of ashes containing small fragments of bones (an
      experimental study)].

PMID- 166465
TI  - The human mixed lymphocyte-endothelium culture interaction.
AB  - Cells separated from the wall of the umbilical cord vein by collagenase digestion
      could be identified as endothelial by their characteristic ultrastructure, their
      growth pattern in culture, and their microscopical morphology. These cells, both
      freshly explanted and after long-term culturing, were capable of stimulating
      allogeneic lymphocytes in vitro. Control experiments indicated that this
      stimulation was not attributable to contamination of the endothelial cell
      suspensions by foetal fibroblasts or passenger lymphocytes. The dose response
      characteristics and kinetics of the lymphoproliferative response using
      endothelial stimulating cells was similar to mixed lymphocyte cultures. Sera
      which were capable of inhibiting the mixed lymphocyte culture response were
      relatively ineffective in inhibiting the stimulation caused by endothelial cells.

PMID- 166466
TI  - Prevalence of cardiac tumours at autopsy in Ibadan.
AB  - The post mortem specimens, protocols, slides and hospital case notes of 6064
      necropsies carried out in the University College Hospital, Ibadan over a seven
      year period were reviewed. Cardiac tumours were found in 64 subjects (1.06%) of
      all autopsies and in 8.5% of all 752 malignancies that came to autopsy during the
      same period. Only two of these tumours arose primarily in the heart whilst the
      remaining were metastatic tumours. The right side of the heart was more often
      involved than any other part (31.38%). The tumour with the highest cardiac
      involvement was Burkitt's lymphoma with an incidence of 30 cases i.e. 8.24% of
      all malignancies; 0.48% of all necropsies studied; 53.6% of all Burkitt's
      lymphoma autopsied. The risk of associating the rate of cardiac involvement of
      any tumour with its index of higher frequency was emphasized in the light of the
      paucity of involvement in a more frequent malignancy (hepatocellular) carcinoma
      in this environment. Routine medical examination coupled with an awareness of the
      possible susceptibility of the heart to secondary involvement by Burkitt's
      lymphoma would aid ante-mortem diagnosis of intracardiac malignancy particularly
      in patients of Burkitt's lymphoma age group.

PMID- 166467
TI  - [Editorial: Nature medicine].

PMID- 166468
TI  - [Determination of morphine and morphine derivates by electron spin resonance].

PMID- 166469
TI  - [Determination of amphetamine and methadone by electron spin resonance].

PMID- 166470
TI  - [Cyclic AMP. Biochemical and clinical aspects].

PMID- 166471
TI  - [Psoriasis and cyclic AMP].

PMID- 166472
TI  - [Synovial hemangioma in the elbow joint].

PMID- 166473
TI  - [Sleep of the pregnant woman].

PMID- 166475
TI  - Retroperitoneal renal transplantation in young children.
AB  - Children with urologic causes of renal failure constitute an increasing
      percentage of patients requiring transplantation. Two children weighing less than
      20 Kg. underwent successful transplantation despite multiple previous intra
      abdominal procedures. The retroperitoneal technique employed for these patients
      is described and its advantages emphasized.

PMID- 166474
TI  - Ultrastructural-morphometric analysis of the rat prostate (ventral lobe).
AB  - A morphometric model, which provides information on the structure of the normal
      gland (ventral lobe) has been developed for the rat prostate. The model consists
      of morphologically defined space and membrane compartments, which are used to
      describe the specific components of the protein and enzyme synthesizing and
      secreting glandular cells. The results presented are relative to a cubic
      centimeter of prostatic tissue, a cubic centimeter of acinar parenchyma and
      glandular cell cytoplasm. Special interest was given to the cell compartments
      which are involved in protein and enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 166476
TI  - Beneficial effects of adriamycin on Wistar-Furth Wilms' tumor.
AB  - The Wilms' tumor (Wistar-Furth, Columbia University) animal model kills the host
      in a predictable period of time, associated with widespread metastases (lungs,
      liver, spleen) regardless of the route of tumor transplantation. Actinomycin D in
      single or multiple doses has previously been shown to increase survival, reduce
      the primary tumor weight, as well as the number of metastases in this
      experimental model. The model thus has close similarity to man. The present
      report describes a remarkable effect of adriamycin in this animal system. The
      beneficial results are, however, limited by severe dose-related toxicity.
      Nevertheless, faced with recurrent or metastatic lesions following prior current
      conventional clinical therapy, based on the present experimental results, we
      believe adriamycin treatment should be given serious clinical consideration.

PMID- 166478
TI  - Effect of infectious bronchitis vaccination on the performance of live Newcastle
      disease vaccine.

PMID- 166477
TI  - Ectopic ACTH production in disseminated prostatic adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The second fully documented case of ACTH-producing prostatic adenocarcinoma with
      elevated plasma and tissue levels of ACTH is presented. The distinguishing
      characteristics of ACTH-producing extrapituitary neoplasms and the various modes
      of therapy are discussed.

PMID- 166479
TI  - Asymmetric hindquarter syndrome (AHQS) in the pig.
AB  - Outbreaks of the asymmetric hindquarter syndrome (AHQS) in two pig herds are
      reported together with the results of test matings and dissection studies on
      affected pigs. The condition (apparently identical with that described in Germany
      in 1967), is characterised by a variable asymmetry of the hindquarters and
      particularly of individual muscles of the posterior, lateral and medial aspects
      of the thigh. It does not noticeably interfere with locomotion but can adversely
      affect carcase conformation and may detract from the usefulness of carcase
      dissection studies as a basis for genetic selection. AHQS has a familial
      incidence and is usually first detected clinically after weaning. A variety of
      degenerative and dystrophic changes have been seen in the muscles of AHQS pigs
      but these are not constantly present in nor confined to 'undersized' muscles. The
      precise aetiology of AHQS is still unresolved but it is concluded that it
      probably occurs post-natally and that some pigs have a genetic liability to
      develop the condition.

PMID- 166480
TI  - Glomerular deposition of immune complexes in dogs following natural infection
      with canine adenovirus.
AB  - The renal lesions were studied in eight dogs which had either died as a result of
      acute canine adenovirus infection (Rubarth's disease) or were in various stages
      of recovery from the clinical disease. Using immunofluorescence techniques
      granular deposits of IgG were detected in the glomeruli of six dogs; four of
      these animals had similar glomerular deposits of canine adenovirus antigen.
      Eluates obtained from kidney tissue of four dogs were found to contain antiviral
      antibody. Histologically those animals in which glomerular deposits of IgG and
      viral antigen were detected showed segmental glomerular hypercellularity. These
      findings were attributed to the deposition of circulating virus antigen-antibody
      complexes in the glomeruli.

PMID- 166481
TI  - Effect of citrate and aminotriazole on matrical plates induced in hepatic
      microbodies.
AB  - Feeding of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), clofibrate and dimethrin induces formation
      of matrical plates in heptaic microbodies. Administration of sodium citrate
      prevents formation of matrical plates in rats fed ASA, but not in rats treated
      with clofibrate or dimethrin. Propionate has a similar effect on rats fed ASA but
      not those fed clofibrate. Feeding of aminotriazole prevents formation of matrical
      plates in rats fed ASA without inhibiting the proliferation of microbodies.
      Sodium citrate and aminotriazole and feeding decrease also the activity of
      hepatic catalase in rats fed ASA.

PMID- 166482
TI  - Pathways of DNA repair in T4 phage. I. Methyl methanesulfonate sensitive mutant.

PMID- 166483
TI  - Comparative chemical properties of avian oncornavirus polypeptides.

PMID- 166484
TI  - Chromatographic separation and antigenic analysis of proteins of the
      oncornaviruses. III. Avian viral proteins with group-specific antigenicity.

PMID- 166485
TI  - Sequences of oligonucleotides prepared from tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic
      acid.

PMID- 166486
TI  - Expression of tumor-specific surface antigens on cells infected with temperature
      sensitive mutants of avian sarcoma virus.

PMID- 166487
TI  - Comparative studies on tomato aspermy and cucumber mosaic viruses. IV.
      Immunogenic and serological properties.

PMID- 166488
TI  - Differential host range of viruses of feline leukemia-sarcoma complex.

PMID- 166489
TI  - Tandem repetition of the origin of DNA replication in defective polyoma virus
      DNA's.

PMID- 166490
TI  - Alterations in surface proteins in chicken cells transformed by temperature
      sensitive mutants of Rous sarcoma virus.

PMID- 166491
TI  - Enhancement of adenovirus infection in WI-38 and AGMK cells by pretreatment of
      cells with 5-iododeoxyuridine.

PMID- 166493
TI  - Characterization of Aleutian mink disease virus.

PMID- 166492
TI  - Comparative study of the protein kinase associated with animal viruses.

PMID- 166494
TI  - Amino-terminal sequence of baboon type C virus p30.

PMID- 166495
TI  - Inhibition of rous sarcoma virus by alpha-amanitin: possible role of cell DNA
      dependent RNA polymerase form II.

PMID- 166496
TI  - Restricted transcription of the herpes simplex virus genome occurring early after
      infection and in the presence of metabolic inhibitors.

PMID- 166497
TI  - Phosphorylation of nonhistone chromosomal proteins in dog kidney cells infected
      with infectious canine hepatitis virus.

PMID- 166498
TI  - Antigenomes in Sendai virions and Sendai virus-infected cells.

PMID- 166500
TI  - Polypeptide synthesized in herpes simplex virus type 2-infected HEp-2 cells.

PMID- 166499
TI  - A comparative study of BK and polyoma viruses.

PMID- 166501
TI  - Absence of surface projections of some noninfectious forms of RSV.

PMID- 166502
TI  - Effect of zinc ions on the synthesis of herpes simplex virus DNA in infected BSC
      1 cells.

PMID- 166503
TI  - Regulation of phage lambda development with the growth rate of host cells: a
      homeostatic mechanism.

PMID- 166504
TI  - Evolutionary variants of simian virus 40: characterization of cloned
      complementing variants.

PMID- 166505
TI  - Evolutionary variants of simian virus 40: cloned substituted variants containing
      multiple initiation sites for DNA replication.

PMID- 166506
TI  - A map of temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40.

PMID- 166507
TI  - DNA replication in synchronized cultured mammalian cells. V. The temporal order
      of synthesis of component alpha DNA during monkey DNA synthesis induced by SV40
      virus.

PMID- 166508
TI  - Effects of aspartate and glutamate on the bipolar cells in the carp retina.

PMID- 166509
TI  - Autoradiographic identification of the cells accumulating 3H gamma-aminobutyric
      acid in mammalian retinae: a species comparison.

PMID- 166510
TI  - Fine structure of the retina of a slug, Limax flavus L.

PMID- 166511
TI  - [Corticosteroids in the treatment of shock (comprehensive review)].

PMID- 166512
TI  - [Effectiveness of gas gangrene anatoxins in revaccination by the aerosol method].

PMID- 166513
TI  - [Study of glycogen metabolism in the liver in type III glycogenosis (limit
      dextrinosis)].
AB  - Data on biochemical study of a patient with glycogenosis of the III type (limit
      dextrinosis) are presented. In a punctate of liver tissue absence of amylo-1,6
      glucosidase activity and significant accumulation of glycogen, which was
      anomalous in structure, were noted. Loading with galactose and adrenaline caused
      alterations typical for the III type of glycogenosis. Content of glucose and
      lactate in blood were also studied in response to the peroral administration of
      glucose and protein. In erythrocytes of the patient the polysaccharide structure
      was shown to be anomalous; it resembled the structure of a polysaccharide from
      liver tissue of the patient.

PMID- 166515
TI  - [Liver hexokinase isoenzymes in carcinogenesis].
AB  - Four isoenzymes of hexokinase were isolated by means of chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose from soluble fraction of Vistar rat liver tissue. One of the isoenzymes
      (IV) was a glucokinase. Four fractions were also found in starch gel
      electrophoresis. These fractions catalyzed phosphorylation of glucose. Besides
      alterations in the total activity of hexokinase the changes in isoenzyme spectra
      were observed in carcinogenesis, caused by diethyl nitrosoamine. In the course of
      development of the blastomatose process in liver tissue content of isoenzymes I,
      II and, especially, of III was increased, and content of isoenzyme IV was
      decreased. In tissue of primary hepatomas, induced by diethyl nitrosoamine, the
      isoenzyme spectra of hexokinase did not significantly differ from the spectra of
      the enzyme in liver tissue at later stages of carcinogenesis.

PMID- 166514
TI  - [Action of deoxyadenosine on nucleic acid synthesis by tumor cells in the
      presence of a deaminase inhibitor].
AB  - Deoxyadenosine, which was phosphorylated to dATP, inhibited DNA synthesis in
      malignant cells. However, on incubation of the substance in vitro with Zaidela
      ascites hepatoma cells the inhibitory effect was gradually decreased due to
      dephosphorylation of dATP and to deamination of deoxyadenosine to deoxyinosine.
      In order to prolong the inhibition of nucleic acids synthesis, N-6-methyl
      adenosine, which was recognized as an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, was added
      to the cells. Optimal inhibition of DNA synthesis was observed in presence of
      deoxyadenosine and N-6-methyl adenosine at 1 with 10-minus 3 M concentration.
      Addition of N-6-methyl adenosine, after incubation with deoxyadenosine within 2
      hrs, caused more prolonged inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis than it was
      observed in presence of deoxyadenosine.

PMID- 166517
TI  - [Bilateral Wilms' tumor associated with multiple developmental defects in a
      newborn infant].

PMID- 166516
TI  - [Preparative method of obtaining the C14-substrates necessary for the study of
      cyclic 3',5'-AMP metabolism].

PMID- 166518
TI  - [Effect of dithiocarbamcite pesticides, Cineb, Maneb and Polymarcin, on the blood
      coagulation system].

PMID- 166519
TI  - [Vitamin PP metabolism in brain tumor patients before and after surgical
      intervention].

PMID- 166520
TI  - [Pancreatic cholera--Verner-Morrison syndrome].

PMID- 166521
TI  - [Amebicidal effect of Entizol (metronidazole produced by Polfa in Poland)].

PMID- 166523
TI  - [Manifestation of a cytomegalovirus infection in the neck region].

PMID- 166522
TI  - [Hypoglycaemic coma in Boeck's sarcoidosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The diversity of clinical manifestations of Boeck's sarcoidosis may also include
      endocrine disorders. One year after diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a 29 year-old
      female patient, endocrinological complications became manifest with amenorrhoea.
      The course of the disease was additionally complicated by hypoglycaemic episodes.
      Thorough clinical investigation of the patient revealed sarcoid involvement of
      the skin, lungs, liver and lymph nodes and an extensive retroperitoneal
      surgically-verified lymph tumour. After tolbutamide and in reaction to an
      intravenous glucose tolerance test the blood glucose was found to be very low,
      whilst the immunoreactive insulin was normal. Further investigation of the
      endocrine functions of the patient revealed normal functioning of the thyroid
      gland, subnormal values for the follicle stimulating hormone and extremely low
      serum ACTH and serum cortisol values, without any diurnal changes in these
      parameters. The clinical symptoms of the patient and the biochemical findings
      were regarded as manifestations of secondary adrenal failure due to sarcoid
      involvement of the hypothalamus and pituitary. Hence, treatment with
      corticosteroids was started. Hypoglycaemia has not since been observed in this
      patient and the other clinical features of (secondary) adrenal failure have
      disappeared slowly.

PMID- 166524
TI  - [Limits of conservative and surgical treatment of the varicose symptom complex].

PMID- 166526
TI  - Giant platelets and fibrin-like inclusions in platelets of BALB/c mice after
      intraperitoneal inoculation of HIPA tumour agent.
AB  - 2 days after ip inoculation of cell-free extracts of HIPA tumour, giant platelets
      and platelets with band-like inclusions were found in blood of BALB/c mice. Band
      like inclusions with platelets have morphologic structure of fibrin. Their
      presence in the thrombocytes is probably an accidental finding. Giant platelets
      in the circulating blood are probably due to a disturbed meagacaryocytopoiesis.

PMID- 166525
TI  - Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: review and report of two affected siblings.
AB  - This paper reports two siblings with the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and reviews
      the literature on the subject. SLOS is a syndrome of multiple congenital
      anomalies with mental and growth retardation, unusual facies, genito-urinary and
      hand and foot abnormalities inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

PMID- 166527
TI  - [Oncocytes in a mixed canine mammary gland tumour].
AB  - The electronmicroscopic findings of a canine mixed mammary gland tumour
      containing oncocytes, are described. The tumour consists of small myxoid foci and
      glandular formations with an organoid structure. The glandular walls are composed
      of myoepithelial differentiated cells and epithelial cells. Most of the latter
      are oncocytes and characterized by an extensive amount of pathic mitochondria.
      The myxoid foci consist of myoepithelial differentiated cells.

PMID- 166528
TI  - The influence of transplantable Morris hepatoma on the pentose-phosphate cycle in
      rat erythrocytes.

PMID- 166529
TI  - Acute enteritis in rabbits: spontaneous infection by Clostridium perfringens type
      A.

PMID- 166530
TI  - [Influence of varying storage temperatures on the infectivity and antigenicity of
      foot-and-mouth disease virus strains before and after inactivation].

PMID- 166532
TI  - [Etiology of anaerobic infections in cattle and sheep in Latin America. I. Field
      experience and laboratory research].

PMID- 166531
TI  - [New immunization schedule against equine influenza].

PMID- 166533
TI  - [Significance of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of burn disease and the
      effect of alpha-tocopherol on its course].

PMID- 166534
TI  - Some binding properties of human serum albumin as studied by the spin labels 12
      doxyl stearic acid and its methyl ester.

PMID- 166535
TI  - Inhibition of prolactin secretion by lergotrile mesylate: mechanism of action.
AB  - Lergotrile mesylate (2-chloro-6-methylergoline-8beta-acetonitrile, methane
      sulphate salt) was shown to be a potent inhibitor of prolactin secretion in vivo
      and in vitro. The dopamine receptor blocker, pimozide, was able to reverse the
      inhibitory effect of lergotrile mesylate (LM) on prolactin release from rat
      pituitaries in vitro. Alpha-adrenergic or beta-adrenergic receptor blockers were
      unable to antogonize the action of LM on prolactin release. These findings
      indicate that ergolines such as LM inhibit prolactin release from pituitaries by
      activating an adenohypophyseal dopamine receptor. LM is currently undergoing
      clinical trial as a prolactin inhibitor and a dopamine agonist.

PMID- 166538
TI  - Growth in monolayer culture of rat pituitary cells which synthetize and release
      acth.
AB  - Cultures of rat pituitary gland cells were developed to study biosynthesis and
      release of ACTH. ACTH measurement was accomplished by radioimmunoassay. ACTH
      release was observed following stimulation with theophylline and cAMP in a dose
      dependent manner. Biosynthesis was demonstrated by incorporation of 3-H
      phenylalanine into the hormone, employing a double antibody technique.

PMID- 166539
TI  - Effect of iodized oil on iodine content, thyroglobulin maturation and on
      biochemical constituents of endemic goitre in brazil.
AB  - The biochemical and morphological changes in thyroid glands were studied in 5
      patients with endemic goitre in the region before and one year after the
      administration of iodized oil. Each patient received a tracer dose of 125-I 3-5
      weeks before the biopsy and another tracer of 131-I 12 h before surgery. It was
      observed that: 1. Iodine deficient goitrous glands had more protein per gram of
      tissue and that this was corrected by iodination. 2. The goitrous glands
      exhibited a higher relative proportion of particulate iodoprotein that
      incorporates more labelled iodine in relation to time of labelling. This abnormal
      situation is reverted to normal by iodination. 3. A significantly higher
      proportion of T3 + T4 is synthetized by the glands treated with iodized oil. 4.
      The increased amount of 127-I per gram of tissue is followed by an increased
      iodination level of thyroglobulin. 5. The ultracentrifugal pattern of proteins
      observed for iodine deficient glands differed from the iodinated glands,
      indicating a failure of maturation of thyroglobulin and possibly a greater than
      normal degree of heterogeneity. 6. The shift in sedimentation pattern was clearly
      induced by the increased degree of iodination, as shown by the iodized oil
      injection. 7. The increased cellularity and the higher rate of protein synthesis
      in the goitrous glands are reverted to normal after the iodized oil injection.

PMID- 166536
TI  - The ontogeny and regulation of corticosteroid secretion by the ovine foetal
      adrenal.
AB  - Adrenal glands of foetal sheep of 40 days gestation to term were incubated with
      and without ACTH or an increased [K-+]. With ACTH, the 40 day foetal adrenal was
      capable of producing more cortisol and aldosterone per g body weight than was the
      term adrenal. ACTH was a potent stimulus to aldosterone and cortisol production
      in foetuses aged 60-90 days, and this effect declined significantly in the 91-120
      day period. An increased [K-+] was stimulatory to aldosterone production only
      after 120 days gestation. Peripheral blood levels of aldosterone, corticosterone,
      cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone were measured in foetuses
      60 days to term and the levels of aldosterone and cortisol were significantly
      lower in 90-120 day foetuses than in the younger or older ones. Direct adrenal
      vein cannulation proved all five steroids to be secretory products of the foetal
      adrenal.

PMID- 166537
TI  - The influence of androgens on protein synthesis by cultured rat epididymal
      tubules.
AB  - Rat epididymal tubules maintained in organ culture for 3 days respond to the
      addition of androgens to the culture media (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone
      1 x 10-minus 5 m and 1 x 10-minus 7 m) with an increased incorporation of amino
      acids into acid-insoluble material. Significant androgenic stimulation is
      observed only 24 h after addition of hormone, while an inhibitory effect is found
      at earlier periods. The stimulation seems to be specifically produced by
      androgens; it is blocked by cyproterone acetate and is not elicited by oestradiol
      17beta or corticosterone. The process appears to involve RNA synthesis since
      actinomycin D suppresses the stimulatory effect of androgen. Evidence suggests
      that cAMP production is not a primordial step in the response to androgen since
      dibutyryl cAMP did not mimick the androgenic effect, theophylline did not
      potentiate the response and alpha,beta-methylene ATP, which competitively
      inhibits adenyl cyclase, failed to alter the androgenic effect. Radioactive
      testosterone and dihydrotestosterone added to the culture media showed a
      preferential intranuclear localization as well as extensive metabolism. DHT was
      found to be the principal intranuclear steroid.

PMID- 166540
TI  - The excretion of individual adenocartical steroids during normal childhood and
      adolescence.
AB  - The excretion of 7 individual 17-oxosteroids and 7 individual corticosteroids in
      24 h urine samples from 62 normal infants, children and adolescents, based on an
      accurate and specific paper chromatographic method for their separation and
      quantitation, is reported. The excretion of the 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids gradually
      increases from 7 years of age and the increase becomes more rapid 2 or 3 years
      before the clinical signs of puberty appear. The rise continues throughout
      puberty and beyond it until the adult level is reached. The increase far exceeds
      that which would be accounted for by the growth of the individual. The increase
      in the excretion of the 11-oxy-17-oxosteroids with age is much more gradual.
      Androgens favour the formation of 5alpha metabolites and the 5alpha:5beta ratio
      of the total 5alpha 17-oxosteroids and the total 5beta 17-oxosteroids shows a
      statistically significant increase with age. In addition, a relatively high
      5alpha:5beta ratio is noted in male infants, which is likely to be related to
      their relatively high plasma testosterone levels. The excretion of the 17
      hydroxycorticosteroids and the alpha-ketolic metabolites of cortisol gradually
      rises with age and correlates with body weight. The alpha-ketolic metabolites of
      corticosterone are relatively high in infancy, but after the age of 4 years their
      excretion also correlates with body weight. An increase in the 5alpha:5beta ratio
      of allo-THF to THF is noted at puberty similar to that found with the
      5alpha:5beta ratios of the 17-oxosteroids.

PMID- 166541
TI  - Secretion of Corticotrophin and Somatototrophin by the Senescent Adenohypophysis
      in man.

PMID- 166542
TI  - [Letter: Pulmonary paragonimiasis associated with bilharziasis in Ivory Coast].

PMID- 166543
TI  - [Letter: Whooping cough: isolation of a severe form].

PMID- 166544
TI  - Histochemical data on the liver of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).
AB  - The histochemistry of the hepatic parenchymal cells was studied in four
      Callithrix jacchus. A large amount of glycogen was noted throughout the lobules
      while the UDPG-GT and the phosphorylases were found unevenly distributed by the
      hepatic strands with different degrees of reactivity. Near the central vein one
      of the livers showed PAS-positive nuclear corpuscles that were more conspicuous
      in the hepatic cells with a larger amount of cytoplasmic glycogen and weaker UDPG
      GT and phosphorylase reactivities. G-6PA (in a larger amount) and LDH (in a
      moderate amount) were found evenly distributed in the hepatic strands. F-1-6PA
      was seen sometimes with a stronger reactivity at the peripheral part of the
      lobules. The enzymes of the pentose shunt (G-6PDH, 6-PGDH and NADPH-2-TR) reacted
      strongly and as a rule evenly distributed near the hepatic lobules. Occasionally
      they reacted more intensely in the row of hepatic cells disposed just around the
      central vein. Cytochrome oxidase showed a very faint reaction. Cis-aconitase and
      ICDH were weak or moderate. NADH-2-TR more than SDH more than MDH were seen
      frequently diffused near the hepatic strands. SDH and MDH in some instances
      showed a stronger reactivity in the row or group of hepatic cells around the
      central vein. ATPase at pH 6.3 was negative in the marmoset liver; ATPase at pH
      7.4 was mainly found in the wall of the portal area vessels; ATPase at pH 8.5
      showed a stronger reactivity in the cytoplasm of the hepatic cells and ATPase at
      pH 9.4 was more abundant in the bile capillaries. The reactivity of the lipid
      metabolism enzymes was moderate with regard to alpha-GPDH or negligible with
      regard to beta-OHBDH. Acid phosphatase showed a stronger reaction, but almost
      limited to the Kupffer cells. The hepatic cells showed only a moderate amount of
      RNA. Some enzymes of the protein metabolism, such as GDH and leucine
      aminopeptidase showed a stronger reactivity while some others, such as alanyl
      aminopeptidase and MAO, were seen diffused near the hepatic lobules in a small
      amount. Enzymes of the mucopolysaccharide metabolism were not found at all (beta
      glucuronidase) or showed only a weak reactivity, such as xylitol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 166545
TI  - Unusual, rod-shaped cytoplasmic inclusions (Hirano bodies) in a cerebellar
      hemangioblastoma.
AB  - The present study reports unusual, long, tubular, rod-shaped cytoplasmic
      inclusions found in the stromal cells of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma,
      associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. These inclusions have two layers of
      circular, laminated filaments, and longitudinally arranged filaments; and appear
      similar to the so-called "Hirano bodies", which have been previously found in
      normal and various pathologic conditions of the brain tissue, skeletal muscle
      cells in myopathy, and interstitial cells of the testis. A review of previous
      ultrastructural studies of cerebellar hemangioblastoma shows several different
      types of cytoplasmic inclusions, but none are found to be identical to the
      present report.

PMID- 166546
TI  - Intra-axonal Corpora amylacea in ventral and lateral horns of the spinal cord.
AB  - Deposits similar to corpora amylacea were observed by electron microscopy and
      light microscopy within thin myelinated axons in the spinal gray matter in
      various diseases. By electron microscopy the deposits consisted of randomly
      interlacing short linear structures of various thickness which were different
      from tangles of neurofilaments. Sometimes they contained dense granules and
      electron-dense floccules. Though their incidence was relatively high in some
      cases of degenerative or metabolic disease of the central nervous system, they
      were not specific to any disease but seemed to be related to aging, indicating a
      peculiar aspect of chronic degeneration of the axons.

PMID- 166547
TI  - A study on the influence of papovavirus upon encephalitis caused by SSPE agent.
AB  - To investigate a possible interaction between the SSPE agent and papovaviruses,
      histopathological and statistical evaluations were made of encephalitis induced
      in hamsters by intracerberal inoculation with isolates from SSPE and PML
      patients, and with BK virus, alone or in combination. With SSPE virus alone,
      hamster brains showed a reduction of susceptibility to encephalitis with
      increasing age. A modification of the pathology of SSPE encephalitis was observed
      after administration of the PML isolate or BK virus: encephalitis was either
      enhanced or inhibited depending on the time the papovaviruses were administered.
      A possible mechanism of interaction between SSPE and papovaviruses is briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 166548
TI  - Studies in cholestasis of pregnancy.
AB  - Forty-one pregnant women with pruritus, in whom cholestasis was verified by the
      presence in their serum of an abnormal lipoprotein, lipoprotein-X (LP-X), were
      divided into two clinical groups, pruritus gravidarum (PG) (n=20) and hepatosis
      of pregnancy (HP) (n=21) in relation to serum bilirubin (below and above 1.2
      mg/100 ml, respectively) and/or SGOT, SGPT (below and above 50 units/l,
      respectively). In HP, but not in PG, serum lipids, i.e. cholesterol,
      phospholipids, triglycerides, pre-beta-lipoproteins (very-low-density
      lipoproteins), and low-density lipoproteins were increased and high-density
      lipoproteins decreased when compared with suitable controls. Serum lipids were
      elevated in proportion to the derangement in the liver function tests, alkaline
      phosphatase, SGOT, and SGPT. The occurrence of LP-X was inversely related to HDL
      cholesterol, suggesting a causal relationship between HDL lipid metabolism and
      the presence of LP-X. Serum TIBC, Simplastin A, and serum iron were elevated in
      HP in relation to the degree of deterioration of liver function tests. Some of
      these changes in serum in cholestatic pregnancy may partially (serum
      triglycerides and pre-beta-lipoproteins) or completely (TIBC and Simplastin A) be
      explained by an enhanced estrogen influence in promoting increased liver
      lipid/protein metabolism.

PMID- 166550
TI  - Meniere's disease. Electron microscopy of the vestibular ganglion and end organs
      after ultrasound.
AB  - Material for electron microscopy study was obtained from a patient previously
      suffering from Meniere's disease and treated by ultrasound. It consisted of parts
      of the membranous labyrinth as well as the vestibular ganglion. The neuro
      epithelium of the macula showed degenerative changes and there was marked
      vacuolation of the cytoplasm. The endothelial cells lining the semicircular canal
      showed gross vacuoles contained degenerating mitochondria and some debris which
      may reach the endolymph. The wall of the semi circular canal was oedematous and
      the basement membrane lifted off by oedematous fluid. There was obvious change in
      nerves and neurones. The nerves showed loosening of the myelin sheath and
      ballooning. The neurones contained lipoid inclusions and multicystic lysosomes.
      Similar inclusions were also noted in some myelinated nerves.

PMID- 166549
TI  - Immunohistochemical demonstration of chorionic gonadotrophin in trophoblastic
      tumors.
AB  - Chorionic gonadotrophin has immunohistochemically been localized to trophoblastic
      tissue. In normal placenta immunoreactivity was found in syncytiotrophoblastic
      cells. However, in trophoblastic neoplasms, chorioadenoma destruens and
      choriocarcinoma, the hormone was also found in cytotrophoblastic cells. The tumor
      cells showing immunoreactivity appeared to have distinct light microscopic
      features.

PMID- 166551
TI  - [Endocrinologic evidence for differential diagnosis and follow-up of expanding
      intraseller processes].
AB  - In expectance of early chromophobic adenomata the transsphenoidal intervention
      revealed in 5 cases cerebrospinal fluid only, 3 times in closed cysts, 2 times
      with connection to the endocranial space. In one case the neuro-surgical approach
      revealed basal arachnoidal cysts. Endocrine studies detected no significant
      differences between empty sella patients and chromophobic adenomata. Compared
      with this in suspected acromegalia, the measurement of the different functions of
      the pituitary gland and especially the repeated control of somatropin proved most
      effective for early diagnosis, control of the operative effect and long-term
      success or failure.

PMID- 166552
TI  - Histological changes in the submandibular glands of rats after intraductal
      injection of chemical carcinogens.
AB  - Carcinogens injected into the excretory canal of submandibular gland of Donryu
      rats revealed the following histologic changes in salivary glands. 20
      Methylcholanthrene induced squamous cell metaplasia, fibrosis in the early
      stages, and "benign lymphoepithelial lesion"-like pattern after 3 months. Dense
      hyalinization occurred after 4-5 months with so-called "mixed tumor"-like
      pattern. In the later stages epidermoid carcinoma and fibrosarcoma were observed.
      9, 10-Dimethylbenzanthracene caused degenerative change, metaplasia, fibrosis and
      cell infiltration, and later carcinoma and sarcoma appeared at a high rate. 4
      Nitroquinoline-N-oxide led to dense hyalinization and so-called "mixed tumor"
      like pattern was observed in many specimens. N-nitroso-N-methyl urethane and N
      methyl-N-nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine revealed metaplastic changes, fibrosis and
      lymphoid infiltration. Scarlet red induced remarkable infiltration and
      aggregation of lymphoid cells, showing benign "lymphoepithelial lesion"-like
      pattern.

PMID- 166553
TI  - Mechanism of the formation of megamitochondria induced by copper-chelating
      agents. II. Isolation and some properties of megamitochondria from the cuprizone
      treated mouse liver.
AB  - Megamitochondria have been isolated from the liver of the cuprizone-fed mouse
      with the aid of bovine serum albumin. Phosphorylating capacities of
      megamitochondria, specified above, in terms of respiratory control ratios and
      ADP/O ratios have revealed that they are not uncoupled completely. Biochemical
      properties of megamitochondria which are related to the metabolism of copper have
      shown that copper-chelating action of cuprizone may not be directly related to
      the formation of megamitochondria in vivo. Namely, cytochrome contents,
      activities of cytochrome oxidase and monoamine oxidase and contents of copper of
      megamitochondria were unchanged compared with those of the control. However,
      contents of divalent metals such as Ca-++ and Mg-++, especially that of the
      former, in megamitochondria decreased significantly. It is suggested that
      cuprizone may alter Mg-++/Ca-++ ratios when it is administered in vivo, and that
      changes in the ratio might play a key role in the formation of megamitochondria.

PMID- 166554
TI  - Immunofluorescent demonstration of plasma protein entry into arterial wall by
      cholesterol, epinephrine, norepinephrine and angiotensin II.
AB  - Thepresence of IgG and beta-lipoprotein in thoracic and abdominal aortas of 33
      rhesus monkeys under various conditions was observed by immunofluorescence and
      interference filter technique. In untreated and placebo control monkeys, a
      definite fluorescence due to IgG was seen in highly limited areas of the
      subendothelial space and the innermost layers and a weak but positive
      fluorescence due to beta-lipoprotein was sometimes show in highly limited spots
      of the subendothelial space, but not the medial layers. In challenged animals
      with cholesterol (1 g/kg p.o.) or epinephrine (1 mug/kg i.v.) or norepinephrine
      (10 mug/kg i.v.) or angiotensin II (1 mug/kg i.v.) or cholesterol (1 g/kg p.o.)
      plus epinephrine (1 mug/kg i.v.), definite fluorescence showing the entry of beta
      lipoprotein and IgG from the vessel lumen into the subendothelial space and then
      into the medial layers of the arterial wall was clearly shown by serial
      sacrificing of animals after each challenge. The passage of beta-lipoprotein
      through the internal elastic lamina into the medial layer, was characteristically
      delayed as compared with that of IgG. In pretreated animals with
      pyridinolcarbamate (PDC) (10 mg/kg p.o.), EG467 (1 mg/kg p.o.) and Premarin (5
      mg/kg i.v.), the acute entry of those plasma proteins was significantly
      inhibited.

PMID- 166555
TI  - Phagocytosis of lymphoblastoid cells and cell destruction of human malignant
      tumor cells.
AB  - On the basis of the previous study, on the cell interaction between malignant
      tumor cells and other cells, especially with lymphocytes, the present study was
      carried out by investigating cell to cell interaction of human malignant tumor
      cells and human lymphoblastoid cells such as T-cell (MOLT-4 cell) and B-cell
      (Burkitt lymphoma cell). As a result it has been revealed that live
      lymphoblastoid cells were not adhered on the cell surface of the tumor cells, nor
      is it ingested by tumor cells, but in thepresence of HVJ (Sendai virus: 2,000
      H.A. units) it adheres slightly on the cell surface of tumor cell but no cell
      fusion of tumor cells and lymphoblastoid cells is observable. On the other hand,
      the tumor cell as well as T-cell and B-cell all have receptors to concanavalin A
      (Con. A) on their cell surfaces, and they show a marked cell binding such as
      tumor cell and T-cell, tumor cell and B-cell, and there can be observed a marked
      phagocytosis of lymphoblastoid cells by tumor cells. Moreover, the tumor cells
      that have phagocytized lymphoblastoid cells undergo a marked cell destruction
      within 4 hours of cell-binding and phagocytosis, which is especially prominent in
      the case of phagocytosis of E.B cell by tumor cell.

PMID- 166556
TI  - Fluorimetric determinations by ion pair extractions. VI. Blanks of 9,10
      dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulphonate in extractions to methylene chloride + 1
      pentanol.

PMID- 166557
TI  - Dynamics of alpha-adrenergic inhibition of the adenyl cyclase-cyclic amp system
      in human adipose tissue.
AB  - In short-term incubations of fat cells isolated from human adipose tissue,
      noradrenaline (0.2-2x10--5 M), a mixed alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist,
      stimulated only slightly cyclic AMP accumulation. In the presence of the alpha
      adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine (0.05-5mug/ml), noradrenaline markedly
      augmented the amount of labelled cyclic nucleotide. The stiumlatory effect of
      noradrenaline and noradrenaline plus phentolamine was abolished by propranolol
      (0.1-10 mug/ml). Theophylline (10--4-10--3 M) slightly increased the (3-H) cyclic
      AMP levels per se and magnified the stiumulatory action of other agents, but did
      not mimic the potentiating effect of phentolamine on noradrenaline action.

PMID- 166558
TI  - Selective hypoaldosteronism. An editorial revisited after 15 years.

PMID- 166559
TI  - Subacute and acute endocarditis due to Pseudomonas cepacia in heroin addicts.
AB  - Five heroin addicts were treated for endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas cepacia.
      Two of these infections occurred in patients with no known heart disease whereas
      the others occurred at sites of previous endocarditis or valve prostheses.
      Infection was indolent in four patients but was associated with shock and skin
      lesions suggestive of ecthyma gangrenosum in the fifth. After failure of
      chloramphenicol and kanamycin, all patients were treated with a combination of
      sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and polymyxin plus heart valve resection or
      replacement.

PMID- 166560
TI  - Epibulbar tumors in childhood.
AB  - Three hundred two cases of epibulbar tumors in children were retrospectively
      reviewed histologically and examined by diagnostic categories over a 49-year
      period. Of the 302 cases, 33% were choristomas; 29% nevi; 11%, epithelial
      inclusion cysts; 7%, papillomas; 6%, pyogenic granulomas; and 5% granulomas.
      Three cases of sqamous-cell carcinoma and one of rhabdomyosarcoma occurred as
      well as a variety of benign lesions.

PMID- 166561
TI  - Proflavine photodynamic viral inactivation in herpes simplex keratitis.
AB  - We used the photodynamic inactivation technique with proflavine as the
      photoactive dye to treat herpetic epithelial keratitis in a preliminary study of
      patients who had idoxuridine toxicity or resistance. A comparative study with
      idoxuridine in treating dendritic ulcerations of the cornea showed a good
      therapeutic effect. But the investigation was suspended when adverse reactions,
      consisting of a generalized epithelial keratitis and an anterior uveitis,
      possibly of phototoxic origin, developed in a few patients receiving treatment.
      The ulcers treated by photodynamic inactivation apparently healed by a process of
      "debridement" followed by subsequent re-epithelialization.

PMID- 166562
TI  - Immunologic protection of rabbit corneal allografts with heterologous blocking
      antibody.
AB  - We performed exchange penetrating keratoplasties in New Zealand White rabbits by
      using corneas soaked in heterologous "blocking" antibody (guinea pig antirabbit
      lymphocyte globulin) under various experimental situations and immunogenic
      stimuli. Results suggested that the antibody can protect the corneal graft from a
      weak rejection response possibility by blocking the afferent are of the
      immunologic rejection reflex, but cannot protect a graft subject to a strong
      immunologic rejection episode. Based on these results, the use of a blocking
      antibody in human transplantation would be of potential benefit and offer little
      risk to a graft recipient.

PMID- 166563
TI  - Experimentally induced malakoplakia.
AB  - Malakoplakia was induced experimentally by introducing large amounts of crude
      endotoxin-antigen comples of 075 Escherichia coli (E. coli 12797 CDC 0 group 75)
      into the kidneys and testes of rats. First leukocytes, then granulation tissue
      composed mainly of characteristic macrophages, the so-called Hansemann cells,
      appeared around the endotoxin-antigen mass. On the eighth day following the
      injection, deposition of calcium phosphate into the cytosegresomes of macrophages
      began and acused the formation of the Michaelis-Gutmann bodies necessary for the
      diagnosis of malakoplakia. The induction of the same process in humans by E coli
      endotoxin seems to be possible.

PMID- 166565
TI  - Ribosome-lamella complexes in neoplastic hematopoietic cells.
AB  - The ultrastructural cellular inclusions referred to as ribosome-lamella complexes
      were observed in the neoplastic cell population of 4 patients with three types of
      hematopoietic malignancy, monoblastic leukemia. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia,
      and chronic lymphatic leukemia. The ultrastructural characteristics of the
      inclusions were similar in the 4 cases. The percentage of cells affected ranged
      from approximately 90% in 1 patient with monoblastic leukemia to approximately
      10% in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. The complexes appeared to
      originate from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Observations suggested a
      developmental sequence beginning with aggregate strands of rough endoplasmic
      reticulum, subsequent alignment of the strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum in
      a concentric configuration, followed by maturation to fully developed ribosome
      lamella complexes. Although the ribosome-lamella complex has been found in the
      neoplastic cells of several patients with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis ("hairy
      cell leukemia"), its occurrence in these three different hematopoietic disorders
      indicates a lack of diagnostic specificity of this structure.

PMID- 166564
TI  - Lymphoid cell necrosis, thymic atrophy, and growth retardation in newborn mice
      inoculated with murine cytomegalovirus.
AB  - During studies on the effect of murine cytomegalovirus on the developing retina,
      virus was inoculated into the eyes of newborn Swiss mice, and the animals were
      sacrificed at various times thereafter. Controls consisted of mice inoculated
      with ultraviolet-inactivated murine cytomegalovirus and uninjected mice. Marked
      lymphoid cell necrosis, thymic atrophy, pronounced growth retardation,
      bacteremia, and death occurred in the animals inoculated with live virus. this
      virus-induced injury resulted in a marked depletion of lymphocytes in the
      subcapsular and cortical areas of the thymus as well as in the spleen, lymph
      nodes, and Peyer's patches. Areas of necrosis with viral inclusions were present
      at the site of inoculation and in various other organs including the spleen and
      bone marrow. Since growth retardation has been associated with thymic atrophy due
      to other causes, the observed abnormal physical development in the present study
      was interpreted as a sequel to the thymic injury. An implication of this study is
      that some human infants with concomitant immune deficiency and viral infection
      may have a primary viral disease with resultant secondary lymphoid tissue
      alterations, rather than a thymic disorder with a subsequent viral infection.

PMID- 166566
TI  - Experimental studies to determine application of CAT scanning to the human body.

PMID- 166567
TI  - [Ovarian progestins in women (literature survey)].

PMID- 166568
TI  - A method for separate quantitative determination of 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate and
      3,6-dideoxyhexoses in mixtures.

PMID- 166569
TI  - Improved chemical synthesis and enzymatic assay of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic
      acid.

PMID- 166570
TI  - A new method for the assay of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) glycohydrolase
      activity.

PMID- 166571
TI  - Estimation of in vivo aminoacylation by periodate oxidation: tRNA alterations and
      iodate inhibition.

PMID- 166572
TI  - The measurement of adenosine 3,5-monophosphate in bone.

PMID- 166574
TI  - Measurement of enzyme E'values by optically transparent thin layer
      electrochemical cells.

PMID- 166573
TI  - A versatile time-sharing multichannel spectrophotometer, reflectometer, and
      fluorometer.

PMID- 166575
TI  - Spectrophotometric method for copper and mercury determination in the same food
      sample using dithizone and lead diethyldithiocarbamate.

PMID- 166576
TI  - Some considerations in spectroelectrochemical evaluation of homogeneous electron
      transfer involving biological molecules.

PMID- 166577
TI  - Determination of alpha-quartz in atmospheric dust: a comparison between infrared
      spectrometry and X-ray diffraction techniques.

PMID- 166578
TI  - Periodate oxidation analysis of carbohydrates. Part IV. Simultaneous
      determination of aldehydes in dialdehyde fragments as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones
      by thin-layer or liquid chromatography.

PMID- 166579
TI  - Idiopathic acquired cold urticaria in North India.
AB  - Forty-three otherwise healthy patients mostly between the ages of 10 and 40 were
      seen in North India during a two-year period with urticaria which developed on
      taking a cold water bath, exposure to cold winds, evaporation of rain water or
      sweat in that order of frequency. There was no familial predisposition to cold
      urticaria or atopic disorders. The refrigeration test for cryo-proteins was
      negative. Only one patient developed a wheal on contact with ice but 38 of 43
      patients showed an exaggerated erythema response to a cold-pressure test (cryo
      stimulation test).

PMID- 166580
TI  - Ultrastructural characteristics of canine transmissible venereal tumor at various
      stages of growth and regression.
AB  - Ultrastructural study of canine transmissible tumors in developing, mature, and
      regressing stages from 6 dogs revealed the presence of healthy and degenerating
      tumor cells in all neoplasms. The total number of neoplastic cells seemed to
      decrease, and the number of degenerating neoplastic cells seemed to increase in
      mature tumors. Macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells infiltrated mature and
      regressing tumors. Alteratons in degenerating tumor cells consisted mainly of
      cytoplasmic changes in early stages and of both nuclear and cytoplasmic changes
      in cells in which degeneration was more advanced. Amounts of endoplasmic
      reticulum and ribosomes were decreased. There were swelling and vacuolation of
      mitochondria. Nuclear chromatin was clumped along the nuclear envelope, and the
      perinuclear space was widened. Degenerating cells often contained membrane-bound
      granules and clusters. Lamellar complexes were observed in tumor cells from 2
      dogs. Virus particles were not seen.

PMID- 166581
TI  - A case of alveolar cell carcinoma accompanied by fluid and electrolyte depletion
      through production of voluminous amounts of lung liquids.
AB  - A patient is described who showed typical features of alveolar cell carcinoma,
      including production of a huge amount of clear frothy lung liquid (as much as 4
      liter per day), diffuse dissemination of nodular lesions throughout the lung, and
      tall columnar cell proliferation outlining the alveolar walls uniformly without
      architectural destruction in the terminal lung unit. From the results of
      comparative serial analyses of biochemical components in the liquid and the
      serum, it is suggested that the excessive liquid production in this case should
      be due to abnormal secretory functioning of diffusely proliferated carcinoma
      cells.

PMID- 166582
TI  - Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and hepatic carcinoma.
AB  - A patient with homozygous ZZ alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and severe pulmonary
      emphysema was discovered to have a mixed hepatocellular and cholangiolar hepatic
      carcinoma arising in a noncirrhotic liver. Because of the increasing frequency of
      hepatomas in patients with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, it is suggested that a
      causal relationship may exist.

PMID- 166583
TI  - [Etiology, clinical aspects and prevention of aphtous fever].

PMID- 166585
TI  - Care for the homebound aged.

PMID- 166584
TI  - Savings from generic prescriptions. A study of 33 pharmacies in Rochester, New
      York.
AB  - Brand name and gereric prescriptions for 12 drugs were surveyed at 33 pharmacies
      in the Rochester, New York, area to determine how frequently generic
      prescriptions were filled with a product other than the major brand, and at a
      savings to the consumer. Generic prescriptions for ampicillin, erythromycin,
      propoxyphene, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate were often filled at prices lower
      than comparable brand name prescriptions. Occasional, but often substantial,
      savings were obtained for papaverine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, and
      conjugated estrogens. No savings were obtained for penicillin V,
      chlorpheniramine, diphenylhydantoin, sulfisoxazole, or methenamine mandelate. The
      pharmacists included in the survey identified correctly a mean of 18.5 out of 22
      drugs as to whether products other than the major brand were available. A sample
      of physicians identified correctly a mean of 14.1 drugs. Pharmacists who were
      better informed as to which drugs were available generically were more likely to
      stock alternative products and more likely to charge lower prices on generic
      prescriptions than on brand name prescriptions.

PMID- 166587
TI  - Letter: Australia antigen and malignant hepatoma.

PMID- 166586
TI  - Ineffectiveness of subcutaneous cytosine arabinoside in localized herpes zoster.
AB  - Cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine) was evaluated in a randomized double-blind
      controlled study for the treatment of localized herpes zoster. Cytarabine was
      administered subcutaneously in a dose of 50 mg/m-2 body surface area once daily
      for 4 days, always within 14 days of onset of the first symptom and usually
      within 7 days. Thirty patients given cytarabine and 30 patients given placebo
      were well matched with respect to age, sex, and length and severity of presenting
      rash and pain as well as underlying disease. There was no difference in the rate
      of disappearance of pain or rash in either treatment group. More patients given
      cytarabine than patients given placebo had minimal pain and significantly more
      cytarabine-treated patients had persistence of neurological symptoms at 6 months'
      follow-up. Acute side effects, though mild, were significantly increased in the
      cytarabine-treated patients especially with respect to nausea and vomiting and
      decrease in platelet count. Cytarabine administered in this dose subcutaneously
      had no beneficial effect and was associated with mild side effects and
      persistence of neurological symptoms.

PMID- 166588
TI  - Reactions of oxygen with hemoglobin, cytochrome c oxidase and other hemeproteins.

PMID- 166590
TI  - Heme proteins and model compounds: Mossbauer absorption and emission
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 166589
TI  - Chemistry of soluble and membrane-bound cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 166591
TI  - ENDOR experiments on chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll in vitro and in the
      photosynthetic unit.

PMID- 166592
TI  - Models for antenna and reaction center chlorophylls.

PMID- 166593
TI  - The regulation of heme and chlorophyll synthesis in bacteria.

PMID- 166594
TI  - Ligand-binding reactions and oxidation-reduction equilibria of cytochrome c.

PMID- 166595
TI  - The environment of function of liver and red blood cells.

PMID- 166596
TI  - Porphyrin-binding proteins in serum.

PMID- 166597
TI  - A model for the halogenating agent of chloroperoxidase.

PMID- 166598
TI  - Metastic gangrene of the lid in Pseudomonas septicemia.

PMID- 166599
TI  - Microbial factors related to infections of the pulp and periapical tissue.

PMID- 166600
TI  - Recent advances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
AB  - This review considers the most recent developments concerning the metabolism and
      homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus. The kinetics of the distribution of
      calcium, theories of calculus formation, hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia are
      discussed, as well as the role of parathyroid hormone, thyrocalcitonin and 1,25
      dihydroxy Vitamin D(3) in maintaining calcium levels and skeletal integrity. In
      addition, the role of calcium in enzyme activation and inhibition, muscle and
      nerve function, and intracellular metabolism are considered.

PMID- 166602
TI  - Inconspicuous viral pneumonitis: a potential relationship to evolving emphysema.

PMID- 166601
TI  - Metabolic and biochemical considerations of bone.
AB  - Recognition of the dynamic aspects of bone metabolism can lead to a unified
      concept involving endocrine and nutritional influences. Although most hormones
      can influence bone metabolism directly or indirectly, the principal ones involved
      in skeletal metabolism are parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and 1,25-dihydroxy
      vitamin D. The actions of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D result
      in elevations of circulating extracellular fluid calcium concentration through
      actions directly on bone, intestine, and kidney. Calcitonin leads to decreases in
      calcium concentration, primarily by action on bone and kidney. The absorption and
      retention of calcium by the organism is further influenced by the dietary content
      of calcium, phosphorus, protein, and fluoride. Chronic dietary deficiencies of
      calcium and excesses of phosphorus may lead to chronic nutritional secondary
      hyperparathyroidism with resulting skeletal demineralization. In both
      experimental animals and in man, the earliest manifestation of this condition may
      be demineralization of the jaw with resultant paradentosis. Experimental studies
      in animals and in man have shown that this form of demineralization may be
      completely reversed by increasing dietary calcium and decreasing dietary
      phosphrous.

PMID- 166603
TI  - Lipoproteins: structure and function.

PMID- 166604
TI  - Restriction endonucleases in the analysis and restructuring of dna molecules.

PMID- 166605
TI  - Energy capture in photosynthesis: photosystem II.

PMID- 166606
TI  - Role of cyclic nucleotides in growth control.

PMID- 166607
TI  - Protein phosphorylation.

PMID- 166608
TI  - Neurophysiology of learning.

PMID- 166609
TI  - [Determination of penicillinase and acylase by chromatography on a thin layer of
      sorbent in the case of their joint formation by different strains].
AB  - The products of penicillinase and acylase hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin were
      studied with a method of sorbent thin-layer chromatography. The method provided
      qualitative determination and differentiation of penicillinase and acylase
      activity in cultures of E. coli capable of simultaneous production of both
      enzymes. It was shown that when the cultures of E. coli were grown under
      conditions optimal for acylase production, the amounts of penicillinase were
      insignificant.

PMID- 166610
TI  - Varicella-zoster virus and subcutaneous cytarabine: correlation of in vitro
      sensitivities to blood levels.
AB  - The susceptibility of 26 strains of varicella-zoster virus to cytarabine was
      tested in vitro by measuring reduction in number and size of plaques using human
      foreskin fibroblast cells. Most strains showed 50% reduction of plaque number by
      0.125 mug of cytarabine per ml or less. Cytarabine levels in sera of 12 patients
      after a single subcutaneous injection of 50 mg/M(2) exceeded this inhibitory
      level for a period of 75 min. Thus, the subcutaneous route is a potentially
      useful method of administration of cytarabine for antiviral drug trials.

PMID- 166611
TI  - Phosphonoacetic acid-resistant herpes simplex virus infection in hairless mice.
AB  - Phosphonoacetic acid (PAA)-resistant type 1 herpes simplex virus population was
      isolated by repeated passage of the virus in the presence of this inhibitor.
      Hairless mice infected percutaneously with the inhibitor-resistant or the
      parental inhibitor-susceptible virus were treated intraperitoneally with PAA and
      9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-adenine by using several different dosage schedules.
      Whereas 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-adenine was effective both in the PAA
      susceptible and PAA-resistant herpes simplex virus-induced skin infection, PAA
      suppressed only the infection induced by the parental PAA-susceptible virus.

PMID- 166612
TI  - Desferrioxamine B, an inhibitor of Escherichia coli motility, reversing the
      stimulating effect of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.
AB  - A substance inhibiting Escherichia coli motility was isolated by "motilometry"
      assay from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. strain NR9GG8 and was found to
      be identical with desferrioxamine B. Its inhibitory effect was reversed by cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), while the motility stimulation by cAMP was
      diminished by this inhibitor. Its effects on various enzymes involved in cAMP
      metabolism of function of cAMP were examined.

PMID- 166613
TI  - Studies on nucleotidases in plants.  Dimerization of the crystalline mung bean
      nucleotide pyrophosphatase by 5'-adenosine monophosphate and the properties of
      the dimerized enzyme.

PMID- 166614
TI  - The effect of beef spleen cathepsin D on pig heart lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 166615
TI  - Factors affecting the separation of photosynthetically competent chloroplasts in
      gradients of silica sols.

PMID- 166616
TI  - A spin-label study of the viscosity profile of sarcoplasmic reticular vesicles.

PMID- 166617
TI  - Uridine-cytidine kinase. Purification from a murine neoplasm and characterization
      of the enzyme.

PMID- 166619
TI  - Studies on oxidative phosphorylation: evidence for multiple forms of factor B
      activity.

PMID- 166618
TI  - Uridine-cytidine kinase. Kinetic studies and reaction mechanism.

PMID- 166620
TI  - NAD-phenol complex formation, the inhibition of malate dehydrogenase by phenols,
      and the influence of phenol substitutents on inhibitory effectiveness.

PMID- 166621
TI  - Occurrence of apoAcyl carrier protein and an S-alkylation-resistant form of
      holoAcyl carrier protein in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 166622
TI  - Pyrimidine biosynthesis and its regulation in the estrogen-stimulated chick
      oviduct.

PMID- 166623
TI  - Characteristics of 8-substituted adenine nucleotide derivatives utilized in
      affinity chromatography.

PMID- 166624
TI  - Oxygen dependence of promitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein synthesis in the
      formation of electron transfer complexes III and IV in adapting Bakers' yeast.

PMID- 166626
TI  - Radioisotopic detection of osseius metastases. Evaluation of 99mTc polyphosphate
      and 99mTc pyrophosphate.
AB  - A total of 146 patients were investigated for the presence of osseous metastases
      with 99mTc polyphosphate or 99mTc pyrophosphate bone scans. Results of bone
      imaging were retrospectively compared to roentgenographic results surveying
      similar anatomic areas in 128 patients. This comparison revealed that
      roentgenographic interpretations were in error in 19% of the cases. Thirty-three
      patients had bone scans and roentgenograms that were in agreement and considered
      abnormal, but in more than one third of these cases the patients had multiple
      abnormalities that were shown by the bone scan but were not recognized
      roentgenographically. In consideration of the low toxicity, ready availability,
      economy, shortened procedure time, and low radiation dose associated with the use
      of these new bone-seeking agents, it is concluded that they are superior to
      roentgenograms and previously utilized radionuclides for early detection of
      osseous metastases.

PMID- 166625
TI  - Lead. Possible toxicity in urban vs rural rats.
AB  - The degree of lead poisoning in wild rats from two environments has been studied.
      Wild rats captured in an urban area had markedly elevated tissue lead compared
      with values in rural rats. This elevation may have been caused by differences in
      factors affecting absorption of ingested lead or an elevated respiratory exposure
      to airborne lead, or both, and lead in precipitated dust. Changes in several
      biologic indexes (depression of delta-amino levulinic acid dehydratase in kidney
      and red blood cells, presence of renal intranuclear inclusion bodies, and
      increased kidney weight) confirmed lead-poisoning in urban rats.

PMID- 166627
TI  - The effect of acetylethyleneimine upon a strain of inactivated foot-and-mouth
      disease virus stored at 4 degrees C.
AB  - The presence of either thiosulphate-neutralized or free AEI was shown to degrade
      inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus Type O (Hong Kong) antigen during
      storage at 4 degrees C. Deterioration was evident after 20 weeks of storage and
      little antigen remained at 36 weeks. Optimum stability was obtained by removing
      the residual inactivant immediately after inactivation.

PMID- 166629
TI  - Excretion of morphological variants of human polyoma virus.

PMID- 166628
TI  - Poliovirus-induced infectious double-stranded RNA: Effect of RNA-degrading
      enzymes.
AB  - The infectivity of replicative form RNA (RF-RNA) isolated from poliovirus
      infected HeLa cells is completely resistant to the action of T-1 RNase but
      decreases after exposure to RNase A in the presence of 0.3 M NaCl. Under these
      conditions neither enzyme produces single-stranded nicks in RF-RNA. Three
      endonuclease-free exonuleases (RNase II, polynucleotide phosphorylase and spleen
      phosphodiesterase) rapidly destroy the infectivity of single-stranded RNA, but do
      not alter the infectivity of RF-RNA. It is concluded that RF-RNA does not contain
      single-stranded ends essential for infectivity. Indirect evidence suggests that
      all or most of the poly A region at the 3' end of the plus strand of infectious
      RF-RNA is base-paired to a poly U region at the 5 end of the minus strand.

PMID- 166630
TI  - Seizure activity and anticonvulsant drug concentration.
AB  - Current methods permit frequent, accurate serum anticonvulsant drug concentration
      measurements and continuous, 24-hour electroencephalographic recording with
      minimal environmental restriction. These techniques were used to perform
      longitudinal, 24-hour recordings of electroencephalographic paroxysmal activity
      and sleep-wake state concurrently with frequent measurements of serum
      anticonvulsant drug concentrations in two patients with poorly controlled
      convulsions. Drug administration was designed with the intent of producing high
      serum concentrations at times of maximum electroencephalographic paroxysmal
      activity. The suppression of clinical seizures coincided with decreased numbers
      of paroxysmal bursts in the electroencephalogram and increased serum
      anticonvulsant drug concentration.

PMID- 166631
TI  - Nonviral intranuclear filamentous inclusions.
AB  - Intranuclear filamentous structures have been found in cells of both central and
      peripheral nervous tissues in eight patients with a variety of neurologic
      diseases. The structures were curly, fibrillary strands, resembling paramyxoviral
      filaments morphologically, but larger in diameter (25 to 40nm). Their appearance
      was granular with indistinct, hazy outlines, and on cross section they were solid
      rather than tubular. These structures are probably not viral but chromatin
      fibers. The illustration of sequential development of the fibrillary structures
      from usual chromatin clumps supports this view. Thus, the finding of intranuclear
      fibrillary material in the cells of a number of patients with neurologic diseases
      must be interpreted with caution.

PMID- 166632
TI  - Moebius syndrome in Kallmann syndrome.
AB  - A girl born with congenital paresis of cranial nerves III, IV, and VII (Moeblus
      syndrome) subsequently developed a progressive peripheral neuropathy. There was
      suggestive evidence of a familial neuropathy with autosomal dominant inheritance
      in three family members. The patient also had hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and
      anosmia (Kallmann syndrome).

PMID- 166633
TI  - Carcinoma metastatic to the eye and orbit II. A clinicopathological study of 26
      patients with carcinoma metastatic to the anterior segment of the eye.
AB  - In 26 of 227 patients with carcinoma metastatic to the eye or orbit, metastasis
      to the anterior uveal tract was the predominating feature. There was a definite
      propensity for the tumor to involve the horizontal meridian of the iris or
      ciliary body, rather than the upper or lower portions. The site of the primary
      tumor in the 26 patients was as follows: lung 14; breast, 9; kidney, 2; and
      rectum, 1. Ocular symptoms and signs produced by the metastatic tumors at onset
      or during the course of the disease included decreased vision (80%), a visible
      mass (72%), redness of the eye (56%), pain (56%), glaucoma (56%), iridocylitis
      (44%), and hyphema (24%). The median survival of the 26 patients with metastasis
      to the anterior segment of the eye was only 5.4 months from the time of ocular
      surgery. This is poorer than the median survival (7.2 months) of the patients
      with metastasis confined to the posterior segment, and much worse than the median
      survival (15.6 months) of the 28 patients with orbital involvement.

PMID- 166634
TI  - Immunity to chlamydial infections of the eye. IV. Immunity in owl monkeys to
      reinfection with trachoma.
AB  - In a study of trachoma in owl monkeys, it was found that owl monkeys are equally
      susceptible to low and high doses of trachoma and that resistance to reinfection
      persisted for six months in the majority of animals. Previous infections with a
      single trachoma type did not elicit greater resistance than previous infections
      with two types. Both serum antibodies and eye secretion titers correlated well
      with resistance to reinfection, but it is not as yet clear if either or both play
      a substantial role in immunity to trachoma.

PMID- 166635
TI  - Cannabis and aggression in animals.

PMID- 166636
TI  - A statistical theory of short and long term memory.

PMID- 166637
TI  - Jejunal signals in hungar satiety.

PMID- 166638
TI  - Biosynthesis of phosphatidyl ethanolamine in Mycobacterium 607.

PMID- 166639
TI  - Decreased excretion of ring-A reduced steroid metabolites by hypertensive
      females.

PMID- 166640
TI  - Effect of pituitary factor on iodine uptake and cyclic adenosine 3,5
      monophosphate formation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 166641
TI  - Inhibition of EF-G dependent GTPase by an aminoterminal fragment of L7/L12.

PMID- 166642
TI  - Labeling of LH/hCG receptor in rat ovaries.

PMID- 166643
TI  - Two enzymatically active forms of valyl-tRNA-synthetase from E. coli.

PMID- 166644
TI  - Effect of 5'guanylylimidodiphosphate on prostaglandin- and fluoride- sensitive
      adenylate cyclase of rabbit red blood cells.

PMID- 166645
TI  - Metabolic and electrolyte changes produced by lithium ions in the isolated rat
      diaphragm.

PMID- 166646
TI  - DNA polymerase activity of cultured rheumatoid synovial cells.
AB  - Cultured synovial cells from 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 7
      subjects without joint disease were assayed and comapred for RNA-directed and DNA
      directed DNA polymerase activity. No activity was found in either RA or control
      specimens using a synthetic RNA template that specificically detects oncornavirus
      RNA-directed DNA polymerase. The DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity of RA
      specimens was increased (P less than 0.10) in the high-speed pellet fraction of
      cell lysates. The possible relationship of these finding to virus infection in RA
      is disscussed.

PMID- 166647
TI  - [Cystic degeneration of the adrenal cortex associated with hyaline membrane].
AB  - Forty-one autopsies in newborns with hyaline membrane were studied. In fourteen
      cases (34.1%) cystic degeneration of the outermost portion of the adrenal cortex
      was found. Our results differ from other studies as the lesions were observed in
      newborns at various gestational ages, with a higher incidence in the group of pre
      term babies, small for their gestational age. The constant association of hyaline
      membrane and adrenal cortex cystic degeneration seem to suggest that both
      processes may share a common etiopathogenic mechanism, namely hypoxia followed by
      increased ACTH secretion.

PMID- 166648
TI  - Use of refractometry to determine nitrogen accumulation in close d circuits.
AB  - We have described a technique by which a portable interference refractometer may
      be used to determine the accumulation of nitrogen in a totally closed anaesthetic
      circuit. The inspired mixture contained halothane, oxygen, nitrous oxide and
      nitrogen. The concentrations of the first two were controlled with u.v.
      paramagnetic analysers respectively. It was then possible to determine the
      percentage of nitrous oxide replaced by nitrogen by measuring the refractive
      power of the mixture.

PMID- 166649
TI  - Totally closed circuit nitrous oxide/oxygen anaesthesia.
AB  - Totally closed circuit anaesthesia has been used with nitrous oxide/oxygen gas
      mixtures, supplemented by halothane for spontaneous breathing, or by opiates for
      artificial ventilation. Oxygen expenditure averaged 227 ml/min, while nitrous
      oxide expenditure declined exponentially from an initial value of 462 ml/min to
      110 ml/min after 2 hr. These flow rated included gas sampled for analysis.
      Inspired oxygen concentration was maintained at 30 per cent by monitoring with a
      paramagnetic analyser. Halothane expenditure average 3.5 ml (liquid) per hr.
      Halothane concentrations in the operating theatre atmosphere did not increase
      above 0.03 p.p.m.

PMID- 166650
TI  - Carcinoma of the appendix with psuedomyxoma peritonei and venous thromboembolism.

PMID- 166651
TI  - Massive subchorial thrombohaematoma (Breus' mole).
AB  - Ten placentae with massive subchorionic thrombohaematomas are reported. This
      lesion, which is composed of maternal clotted blood, separates the chorionic
      plate of the placenta from the villous chorion and is traversed by the main
      cotyledonary branches of the fetal circulation. In some instances it dissects
      into the layers of the chorionic plate. In anatomical terms it is identical to
      the lesion which has been described in early pregnancy under the title of Breus'
      mole. Previous reports suggested that the lesion was confined to early
      pregnancies and was a consequence of fetal death. In our series all ten placentae
      were from pregnancies of at least 25 weeks' maturity and six were more than 30
      weeks. Seven infants were liveborn and three survived the neonatal period.
      Differential diagnosis is discussed along with aetiology, which is still obscure
      although earlier theories implicating fetal death may be discounted.

PMID- 166652
TI  - Lipoprotein lipase. Mechanism of formation of triglyceride-rich remnant particles
      from very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons.
AB  - The catalytic rate of membrane-supported lipoprotein lipase has been determined
      for chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein substrates during the formation
      of triglyceride-depleted ("remnant") particles. Both lipoprotein species and
      their generated remnant products were competitive substrates for lipase activity.
      Remnant formation from each species was associated with decreasing kc but an
      unchanged apparent Km. This finding was confirmed from the rate of plot of total
      triglyceride catabolism by lipase at low substrate concentrations. When compared
      with the major very low density lipoprotein fraction (Sf 100-400), a fraction
      isolated from plasma with a lower flotation rate (Sf 40-100) had a lipid
      composition and decreased kc compatible with this representing a physiological
      remnant particle.

PMID- 166653
TI  - Ultraviolet photosensitivity of the estrogen binding protein from rat uterus.
      Wavelength and ligand dependence. Photocovalent attachment of estrogens to
      proteins.
AB  - Ultraviolet irradiation of the estrogen binding protein in rat uterine cytosol
      results in a progressive photoinactivation which is rapid at 254 nm and slower at
      greater than 315 nm. Both unfilled and estradiol-filled sites are inactivated at
      approimately the same rates at 254 nm (t 1/2 equals 8 min and 11 min,
      respectively), but at 315 nm, empty sites are consumed much more rapidly (t 1/2
      equals 3.4 hr) than filled ones (t 1/2 equals 24 hr). The protective effect of
      the estrogen ligand at this wavelength appears to depend on its binding to the
      estrogen-specific binding site, as inactivation rate studies at different
      concentrations of estrone, estradiol, and estriol show a good correlation between
      the extent of protection and the fractional saturation of the high affinity
      estrogen binding sites. Scatchard analysis indicates that inactivation is the
      result of a loss of binding sites and not a decrease in their affinity, and
      sedimentation analysis shows that increased heterogeneity and aggregation of the
      estrogen binding species accompanies the photoinactivation process.
      Photoinactivation appears to be the result of direct irradiative damage of the
      animo acid residues, as the inactivation rate is the same under air and nitrogen
      atmospheres, and is unaffected by nucleophiles, reductants, and radical
      scavengers. When photoinactivation is measureed by irradiation of cytosol
      containing [3-H]estradiol, a concurrent photocovalent attachment process is
      noted; the steroid becomes linked to protein in a solvent-extractable manner
      (boiling ethanol inextractable). This attachment, however, does not appear to be
      related to the steroid binding at the estrogen binding site. Its rate is affected
      by reductants and scavengers. A similar photocovalent attachment reaction occurs
      when bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin is irradiated in the presence of [3
      H]estradiol or [3-H]diethylstilbestrol. The detailed reactions involved in this
      photocovalent attachment process have not been defined at present.

PMID- 166654
TI  - Effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, dexamethasone and insulin on
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase synthesis in Reuber H-35 hepatoma cells.
AB  - Antiserum prepared against rat liver cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) is shown to specifically precipitate the enzyme from Reuber H
      35 cells. Synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, as measured
      immunochemically, is increased by dibutyryl cAMP and dexamethasone, the
      nucleotide maximally producing a sixfold and the glucocorticoid a threefold
      change in rate. Studies with actinomycin D, cordycepin, and cycloheximide suggest
      dibutyryl cAMP acts at a translational or post-transcriptional site. Insulin
      prevents the increase in synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase produced
      by either dibutyryl cAMP or dexamethasone. This antagonism is concentration
      dependent and does not require the simultaneous presence of glucose, pointing to
      a direct effect of the hormone on liver enzyme induction. It is suggested that
      hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity is regulated predominantly by
      the antagonistic interaction of cAMP (glucagon) and insulin on enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 166655
TI  - Binding of hormones to receptors. An alternative explanation of nonlinear
      Scatchard plots.
AB  - Binding of 1251-labeled hormones to receptors can usually be inhibited by
      addition of unlabeled hormone. In analyzing such binding-inhibition data, it is
      commonly assumed that both labeled and unlabeled hormones are bound with equal
      affinity. When this assumption is made incorrectly, an artifactually nonlinear
      Scatchard plot results. Equations to describe these nonlinear Scatchard plots are
      derived. These results are discussed with regard to previously published
      observations of nonlinear Scatchard plots for binding of insulin to its receptor.

PMID- 166656
TI  - Mechanism of cytochrome c peroxidase. O-benzoylhydroxylamine as an analog of
      hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - A number of reagents, some of which are electronic analogs of hydrogen peroxide,
      will replace it in the reactions of cytochrome c peroxidase. These compounds
      include N-bromosuccinimide, sodium hypochlorite, and the novel oxidizing agent O
      benzoylhydroxylamine. If fragments of the oxidant played a functional role in the
      structure of the oxidized form of the enzyme, it would be expected that the
      product formed from O-benzoylhydroxylamine would differ from that formed from
      hydrogen peroxide. The products formed on reaction of the two oxidizing agents
      with cytochrome c peroxidase are indistinguishable. This results carries
      implications for the structure of the so-called ES compound. The extension in the
      range of specific substrates for cytochrome c peroxidase allows identification of
      the structure which compounds must possess to be oxidizing substrates for the
      enzyme. A mechanism for the first step of the reaction is suggested. O
      Benzoylhydroxylamine is also a reducing agent, and its reaction with the enzyme
      is analogous to that of hydrogen peroxide with catalase. The final product of the
      reaction is the inert nitric oxide complex of ferrous cytochrome c peroxidase.

PMID- 166657
TI  - Mercurated polynucleotides: new probes for hybridization and selective polymer
      fractionation.
AB  - Polynucleotides containing covalently bound mercury atoms have been prepared by
      chemical or enzymatic syntheses and some of their physical and biochemical
      properties studied. The mercury substituents do not appear to alter significantly
      normal polynucleotide structure. Mercurated polymers function efficiently as
      templates for nucleic acid polymerases, they are fully susceptible to degradation
      by standard nucleases, and their denaturation and reannealing properties resemble
      those of the corresponding nonmercurated polymers. While the Tm's of DNA duplexes
      are lowered by extensive mercuration, the Tm's of DNA-RNA hybrids and RNA
      duplexes are either unaffected or elevated. Mercuration, as would be expected,
      greatly increases the buoyant density of both DNA and RNA. The introduction of as
      few as one mercury atom per 200 bases permits the selective and quantitative
      retention of the mercurated polymer probe (and associated nucleotide sequences)
      on columns of sulfhydryl-agarose. The use of mercurated nucleotides (as
      polymerase substrates) and oligonucleotides (as primers) in conjunction with
      sulfhydryl-agarose chromatography provides a simple and efficient method for the
      isolation of selected polynucleotide sequences, such as specific in vitro
      transcription products or terminal fragments of duplex DNA. Products absorbed to
      the affinity resin are readily recovered for further analysis by eluting with
      buffers containing mercaptoethanol. Although the mercury-carbon bond is somewhat
      thermolabile, mercurated polynucleotides are suitable as probes in low
      temperature hybridization studies.

PMID- 166658
TI  - Enzymes regulating glycogen metabolism in swine subcutaneous adipose tissue. I.
      Phosphorylase and phosphorylase phosphatase.
AB  - Glycogen phosphorylase from swine adipose tissue was purified nearly 700-fold
      using ethanol precipitation, DEAE-cellulose adsorption, AMP-agarose affinity
      chromatography, and agarose gel filtration. The purified enzyme migrated as one
      major and several minor components during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Activity was associated with the major component and at least one of the minor
      components. The molecular weight of the disaggregated, reduced, and alkylated
      enzyme, estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis performed in the presence
      of sodium dodecyl sulfate, was 90,000. Stability of the purified enzyme was
      considerably increased in the presence of AMP. The isoelectric pH of the enzyme
      in crude homogenates was 6.3. The sedimentation coefficient of the purified
      enzyme (7.9 S) and that in crude homogenates (7.3 S) was determined by sucrose
      density gradient sedimentation. Optimal pH for activity was between pH 6.5 and
      7.1. Apparent Km values for glycogen and inorganic phosphate were 0.9 mg/ml and
      6.6 mM, respectively. The Ka for AMP was 0.21 mM. Enzyme activity was increased
      by K2SO4, KF, KCl, and MgCl2 and decreased by NaCl, Na2SO4, D-glucose, and ATP.
      Inhibition by glucose was noncompetitive with the activator AMP; inhibition by
      ATP was partially competitive with AMP. The purified enzyme was activated by
      incubation with skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase. Enzyme in crude homogenates
      was activated by the addition of MgCl2 and ATP; activation was not blocked by
      addition of protein kinase inhibitor, suggesting that phosphorylase kinase in
      homogenates of swine adipose tissue is present largely in an activated form.
      Deactivation of phosphorylase a by phosphorylase phosphatase was studied using
      enzyme purified approximately 200-fold from swine adipose tissue by ethanol
      precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and gel filtration. The Km of the
      adipose tissue phosphatase for skeletal muscle phosphorylase a was 6 muM. The
      purified swine adipose tissue phosphorylase, labeled with 32-P, was inactivated
      and dephosphorylated by the adipose tissue phosphatase. Dephosphorylation of both
      skeletal muscle and adipose tissue substrates was inhibited by AMP and glucose
      reversed this inhibition. Several lines of evidence suggest that AMP inhibition
      was due to an action on the substrate rather than on the enzyme. We have
      previously reported that the system for phosphorylase activation in rat fat cells
      differs in some important characteristics from that in skeletal muscle. However,
      both swine fat phosphorylase and phosphorylase phosphatase have major properties
      very similar to those described for the enzymes from skeletal muscle.

PMID- 166659
TI  - The catalytic mechanism of amino acid:tRNA ligases. Synergism and formation of
      the ternary enzyme-amino acid-ATP complex.
AB  - Formation of binary and ternary enzyme-ligand complexes was investigated for
      amino acid:tRNA ligases specific for L-isoleucine, L-leucine, and L
      phenylalanine. Each of the enzymes exhibited synergistic binding when a substrate
      was substituted by a structurally related compound. The strength of coupling
      between the sites binding the amino acid and ATP was strongly dependent on the
      structure of ligands. The phenomenon was observed with the L-leucine and L
      phenylalanine-specific enzymes only in the presence of magnesium. Spermine was
      inhibitory for L-phenylalanine:tRNA ligase. From the variation which structure of
      the strength of the observed synergism a correlation scheme was derived
      considering the ammonium group, the carboxylate group and the side chain of the
      amino acid, and the adenosine and triphosphate moieties of ATP. The strength of
      coupling between the subsites binding various combinations of these moieties was
      evaluated. We found that binding of the subgroups of the amino acid exerts an
      intramolecular synergism. The strength intramolecular synergism was similar to
      the strength of the intermolecular synergism observed for the simultaneous
      binding of an amino alcohol and ATP (or MgATP-2-). We have derived a molecular
      mechanism for the formation of the ternary enzyme-amino acid-ATP (or MgATP-2-)
      complex taking  into account the synergistic phenomena. The complex is considered
      to involve electrostatic repulsion between the amino acid carboxylate and the ATP
      triphosphate moieties. When one of the negatively charged groups have been
      eliminated, the enzymatic rearrangement which facilitates the formation of this
      complex may be seen as a synergistic coupling.

PMID- 166660
TI  - Phosphorylation of the lysine-rich histones throughout the cell cycle.
AB  - The phosphorylating of the lysine-rich histone at various stages in the cell
      cycle has been studied. In rapidly dividing cell populations the lysine-rich
      histone is phosphorylated rapidly after synthesis and more slowly once bound to
      the chromosome. The half-life of hydrolysis of such interphase phosphorylation in
      5 hr except during mitosis when the phosphata hydrolysis increases almost three
      fold. During mitosis there is extensive phosphorylation at sites different from
      those phosphorylated during interphase and a smaller measure of sites common to
      both mitotic and interphase cells. The sites of mitotic phosphorylation are most
      critically distinguished from those phosphorylated in interphase by the rapidly
      hydrolysis of M-phase phosphohistone when the cells divide and enter the G1 phase
      of the cell cycle.

PMID- 166661
TI  - A novel pathway for phosphatidylcholine catabolism in rat brain homogenates.
AB  - Rat brain homogenates incubated with exogenous [32-P] phosphatidylcholine
      liberated: LYSO[32-P] phosphatidylcholine, sn-glycero-3-[32-P] phosphorylcholine,
      [32-P] phosphorylcholine, sn-gleycero-3-[32-P] phosphate and 32-Pi. Further
      investigation showed that [32-P] phosphorylcholine was released exclusively from
      sn-glycero-3-[32-P] phosphorylcholien by a novel diesterase activity. We propose
      that the enzyme be termed L-3-glycerylphosphinicocholine cholinephosphohydrolase
      (EC 3.1.4.-). Parallel experiments on rat liver homogenates and a P815Y mouse
      mastocytoma cell-lysate, revealed no diesterase activity.

PMID- 166662
TI  - Characterization of a membrane-bound phospholipid desaturase system of candida
      lipolytica.
AB  - Several characteristics of the microsomal phospholipid desaturase of Candida
      lipolytica are described. The phospholipid desaturase reaction required molecular
      oxygen and reduced pyridine nucleotides as essential cofactors and was inhibited
      by cyanide but not by carbonmonoxide, indicating that it required cytochrome b5.
      Desaturation of both 1-acyl-2-[14-C]oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine and 1,2
      di-[14C] oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine appeared to follow Michaelis
      Menten kinetics, with apparent Km values of 2.5 10-minus 4 M and 9.5 10-minus 4
      M, respectively. Desaturation of the di-[14C] oleoylphosphatidylcholine took
      place at both position-1 and position-2; the distearoyl or dielaidoyl
      phosphatidylcholines were not desaturated. Rate of desaturation of the 1=acyl-2
      [14-C] oleoyl-glycerophosphorylcholine by microsomes from cold-grown cells was
      equal to or slightly less than that by microsomes from cells grown at the normal
      growth temperature of 25 degreesC, measured in the temperature range 10-30
      degrees C. However, the rate of desaturation of [14-C]-oleoyl-CoA desaturase was
      greater with the microsomal preparation from cold-grown cells than with that from
      25 degreesC grown cells. These data suggest that the observed increase of
      diunsaturated fatty acids in cold-grown cells may perhaps be explained by the
      increased activity of the oleoyl-CoA desaturase acting at the low temperature.

PMID- 166663
TI  - Endogenous steroid production in cellular and subcellular fractions of rat testis
      after prolonged treatment with gonadotropins.
AB  - Steroid production and enzyme activities were examined in preparations of whole
      testis tissue, isolated interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules obtained
      from adult rats with intact pituitaries receiving daily subcutaneous injections
      of 100 I.U. human chorionic gonadotropin for 5 days and from control animals.
      After human chorionic gonadotropin administration testosterone concentrations
      were increased in total homogenates of whole testis tissue, interstitial tissue
      and seminiferous tubules. The testosterone production from endogenous precursors
      was enhanced only in total homogenates of whole testis tissue and  interstitial
      tissue obtained from testes of human chorionic gonadotropin-treated rats. The
      production of testosterone in the corresponding homogenates of isolated
      seminiferous tubules was very low. The specific activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase was increased in total homogenates of whole testis tissue, isolated
      interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules. No effect was observed on the
      specific activities of marker enzymes such as cytochrome c oxidase, monoamine
      oxidase, steroid sulfatase and lactate dehydrogenase, whereas the specific
      activities of carboxyl esterase were decreased in homogenates of whole testis
      tissue and interstitial tissue. Total activity of monoamine oxidase was increased
      in homogenates of interstitial tissue of tests from human chorionic gonadotropin
      treated rats. After the same prolonged human chorionic gonadotropin treatment the
      concentration of pregnenolone was increased in mitochondrial fractions of whole
      testis tissue, interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules, and the amount of
      protein isolated in the mitochondrial fraction of interstitial tissue increased
      by 40%. Steroid production (estimated as pregnenolone) from endogenous precusors
      by mitochondrial fractions of whole testis tissue and interstitial tissue were
      increased after human chorionic gonadotropin treatment, for whole testis from 580
      pmol/mg mitochondrial protein per h to 1420 pmol/mg per h; and for interstitial
      tissue from 2665 pmol/mg per h to 7050 pmol/mg per h. The production of
      pregnenolone in mitochondrial fractions obtaine from isolated seminiferous
      tubules was very low and contributed hardly at all to the total pregnenolone
      production in mitochondrial fractions of whole testis tissue from normal rats as
      well as from human chorionic gonadotropin-treated rats.

PMID- 166664
TI  - Structural differences in ferritins from normal and malignant rat tissues.
AB  - Ferritins purified from several normal and malignant rat tissues were examined
      for amino acid composition, content of tryptic peptides, available sulfhydryl
      groups and subunit sizes and proportion. Ferritin extracted from adult kidney,
      neonatal liver and hepatic and renal tumors differed from the ferritin of adult
      rat liver in migration on electrophoretic gels and in antibody affinity, but did
      not differ among themselves. Nevertheless, they showed distinctive differences in
      amino acid composition and tryptic peptide content. All of them and also adult
      liver ferritin contained two major species of subunits differing in molecular
      weight. The proportions of subunits, and the available sulfhydryl groups of the
      intact ferritin molecules, differed among these tissue ferritins. On the basis of
      amino acid and peptide content, the ferritins of hepatomas and the renal tumor
      analyzed showec the greatest similarity but not identity. The ferritin of
      neonatal liver was next most similar. Kidney ferritin differed considerably in
      composition from tumor and neonatal ferritins, while adult liver ferritin was the
      most extremely divergent of the series examined. A similar progressive difference
      was found on examining the proportions of subunits and sulfhydryl groups in these
      ferritins. However, changes in subunit proportion cannot explain the amino acid
      and peptide compositional changes.

PMID- 166665
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of human high density lipoprotein apo-protein A-1.
AB  - A double antibody radioimmunoassay technique was developed for the measurement of
      apolipoprotein A-I, the major apoprotein of human high density lipoproteins.
      Apolipoprotein A-I was prepared from human delipidated high density lipoprotein
      (d equal to 1.085-1.210) by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography.
      Purified apolipoprotein A-I antibodies were obtained by means of apolipoprotein A
      I immunoadsorbent. Apolipoprotein A-I was radiolabeled with 125-I by the iodine
      monochloride technique. 65-80% of 125 I-labeled apolipoprotein A-I could be bound
      by the different apolipoprotein A-I antibodies, and more than 95% of the 125-I
      labeled apolipoprotein A-I was displaced by unlabeled apolipoprotein A-I. The
      immunoassay was found to be sensitive for the detection of about 10 ng of
      apolipoprotein A-I in the incubation mixture, and accurate with a variability of
      only 3-5% (S.E.M.). This technique enables the quantitation of apolipoprotein A-I
      in whole plasma or high density lipoprotein without the need of delipidation. The
      quantitation of apolipoprotein A-I in high density lipoprotein was found similar
      to that obtained by gel filtration technique. The displacement capacity of the
      different lipoproteins and apoproteins in comparison to unlabeled apolipoprotein
      A-I was: very low density lipoprotein, 1.8%; low density lipoprotein, 2.6%; high
      density lipoprotein, 68%; apolipoprotein B, non-detectable; apolipoprotein C,
      0.5%; and apolipoprotein A-II, 4%. The distribution of immunoassayable
      apolipoprotein A-I among the different plasma lipoproteins was as follows:
      smaller than 1% in very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein; 50%
      in high density lipoprotein, and 50% in lipoprotein fraction of density greater
      than 1.21 g/ml. The amount of apolipoprotein A-I in the latter fraction was found
      to be related to the number of centrifugations.

PMID- 166666
TI  - The phenoloxidases of the ascomycete Podospora anserina. XI. The state of copper
      of laccases I, II and III.
AB  - 1. Laccases I, II and III were (EC 1.14.18.1) prepared from the mycelium of the
      ascomycete Podospora anserina. The tetrameric laccase I(mol. wt 340 000, 16
      copper atoms) and the monomeric laccases II and II (mol. wt 80 000, 4 copper
      atoms) have been studied by optical absorption-, circular dichroism-(CD)and
      electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). 2. The visible and near
      ultraviolet difference absorption spectrum, which is apparently identical for all
      three laccases, shows two maxima at 330 and 610 nm and a shoulder at about 725
      nm. The molar extinction coefficients of these bands are 4 times larger for the
      tetrameric laccase I compared to the monomeric laccases II and III which show
      values similar to other blue copper-containing oxidases. 3. CD spectra between
      300 and 730 nm of the tree laccases are similar and contain at least 5-bands in
      the oxidized enzyme. If the enzyme is reduced, only a band at 307 nm remains. The
      molar ellipticity values of these bands are 4 times larger for laccase I than the
      corresponding bands of laccases II and III. It is inferred that the reducible
      bands are associated with the Type 1 Cu-2+. 4. In all three laccases the EPR
      detectable copper accounts for only about 50% of the total copper content. The 9
      GHz and 35-GHz spectra, which are identical for all three laccases, consist of
      two components of equal intensity. One component shows a rather small copper
      hyperfine coupling and a small deviation from axial symmetry. It is suggested
      that this copper is associated with the blue chromophore in analogy to Type 1 Cu
      2+ in other blue copper proteins. The other component has a broader hyperfine
      coupling similar to Type 2 Cu-2+ as found in other copper proteins. The
      assumption that the experimental spectra result from a superposition of the
      spectra of equal amounts of Type 1 and Type 2 Cu-2+ has been verified by computer
      simulation. 5. It is suggested that the copper ions which are not detected by EPR
      are connected to the absorption band at 330 nm and that these ions are also
      essential for the function of these laccases.

PMID- 166667
TI  - Inhibition of electron transfer from ferrocytochrome b to ubiquinone, cytochrome
      c1 and duroquinone by antimycin.
AB  - The effect of antimycin on (i) the respiratory activity of the KCN-insensitive
      pathway of mitochondria of Neurospora grown on chloramphenicol (chloramphenicol
      grown) with durohydroquinone and succinate or NADH as substrate, (ii) the
      electron transfer from the b-type cytochromes to ubiquinone with durohydroquinone
      as electron donor as well as (iii) the electron transfer from the b-type
      cytochromes to duroquinone with succinate as electron donor in chloramphenicol
      grown Neurospora and beef heart submitochondrial particles was studied. All
      experiments were performed in the uncoupled state. 1. The respiratory chain of
      chloramphenicol-grown Neurospora mitochondria branches at ubiquinone into two
      pathways. Besides the cytochrome oxidase-dependent pathway, a KCN-insensitive
      branch equiped with a salicylhydroxamate-sensitive oxidase exists.
      Durohydroquinone, succinate or NADH are oxidized via both pathways. The
      durohydroquinone oxidation via the KCN-insensitive pathway is inhibited by
      antimycin, wheras the succinate or NADH oxidation is not. The titer for ful
      inhibition is one mol antimycin per mol cytochrome b-563 or cytochrome b-557. 2.
      The electron transfer from durohydroquinone to ubiquinone, which takes place in
      the KCN-inhibited state, does not occur in the antimycin-inhibited state. 3. The
      reduction of duroquinone by succinate in the presence of KCN is inhibited by
      antimycin. The titer for full inhibition is one mol antimycin per mol cytochrome
      b-566 or cytochrome b-562 for beef heart (or cytochrome b-563 or cytochrome b-557
      for Neurospora). 4. When electron transfer from the b-type cytochromes to
      cytochrome C1, ubiquinone and duroquinone is inhibited by antimycin, the hemes of
      cytochrome b-566 and cytochrome b-562 (or cytochrome b-563 and cytochrome b-557)
      are in the reduced state. 5. The experimental results suggest that the two b-type
      cytochromes form a binary complex the electron transferring activity of which is
      inhibited by antimycin, the titer for full inhibition being one mol of antimycin
      per mol of complex. The electron transfer from the b-type cytochromes to
      ubiquinone is inhibited in a non-linear fashion.

PMID- 166668
TI  - EPR studies on the respiratory chain of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
      mutants with a deficiency in succinate dehydrogenase.
AB  - 1. Three nuclear mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in succinate
      dehydrogenase have been isolated. Two of these mutants are allelic. 2. The amount
      of covalently bound flavin of submitochondrial particles of the two allelic
      mutants is about 14% and that of the third mutant about 50% of the amount in wild
      type particles. The turnover number of succinate dehydrogenase of particles is
      decreased in all mutants. The turnover number of fumarate reductase is increased
      in the two allelic mutants, but decreased in the third mutant. 3. EPR spectra,
      measured at 82 degrees K, show that the amplitude of the g equals 1.93 signal in
      particles of the two allelic mutants is less than 10% of that in wild-type
      particles. It is concluded that iron-sulphur centres other than those of
      succinate dehydrogenase make only a negligible contribution to the line at g
      equals 1.93 in wild-type particles. 4. EPR measurements below 20 degrees K show
      that the amplitude of the signal at g equals 2.01 detected in oxidized particles
      is decreased in particles of the two allelic mutants. 5. A signal with lines at g
      equals 2.027 and g equals 1.933 is detected at low temperatures in all particle
      preparations, even in those from a cytoplasmic petite mutant. It is suggested
      that this signal is derived from a contaminant and not from the inner membrane.

PMID- 166669
TI  - Two mechanisms of near-ultraviolet lethality in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a
      respiratory capacity-dependent and an irreversible inactivation.
AB  - Near-ultraviolet irradiation of actively growing yeast cells leads to cell death
      by two distinct mechanisms. The first type of cell death is evident after low
      doses of near-ultraviolet light (3 times 10-4 ergs times mm- minus 2) and is due
      to a reversible inactivation of the respiratory capacity of the cell. In studies
      with yeast mitochondrial membranes the quinones were identified as the site of
      inactivation by determining the relative levels of the following oxidase
      activities after irradiation: exogenous NADH, endogenous NADH (via isocitrate
      dehydrogenase), succinate, and D-lactate oxidases. A second type of cell death is
      caused after high doses (1.8 times 10-5 ergs times mm- minus 2) and is
      irreversible. The mechanism of this inactivation is unknown.

PMID- 166670
TI  - Thermodynamic and EPR characterization of iron-sulfur centers in the NADH
      ubiquinone segment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in pigeon heart.
AB  - Several iron-sulfur centers in the NADH-ubiquinone segment of the respiratory
      chain in pigeon heart mitochondria and in submitochondrial particles were
      analyzed by the combined application of cryogenic EPR (between 30 and 4.2 degrees
      K) and potentiometric titration. Center N-1 (iron-sulfur centers associated with
      NADH dehydrogenase are designated with the prefix "N") resolves into two single
      electron titratins with EM7.2 values of minus 380 plus or minus 20 mV and minus
      240 plus or minus 20 mV (Centers N-1a and N-1b, respectively). Center N-1a
      exhibits an EPR spectrum of nearly axial symmetry with g parellel = 2.03, g =
      1.94, while that of Center N-1b shows more apparent rhombic symmetry with gz =
      2.03, gy = 1.94 and gx = 1.91. Center N-2 also reveals EPR signals of axial
      symmetry at g parallel = 2.05 and g = 1.93 and its principal signal overlaps with
      those of Centers N-1a and N-1b. Center N-2 can be easily resolved from N-1a and N
      1b because of its high EM7.2 value (minus 20 plus or minus 20 mV). Resolution of
      Centers N-3 and N-4 was achieved potentiometrically in submitochondrial
      particles. The component with EM7.2 = minus 240 plus or minus 20 mV is defined as
      Center N-3 (gz = 2.10, (gz = 2.10, (gy = 1.93?), GX = 1.87); the minus 405 plus
      or minus 20 mV component as Center N-4 (gz = 2.11, (gy = 1.93?), gx = 1.88). At
      temperatures close to 4.2 degrees K, EPR signals at g = 2.11, 2.06, 2.03, 1.93,
      1.90 and 1.88 titrate with EM7.2 = minus 260 plus or minus 20 mV. The
      multiplicity of peaks suggests the presence of at least two different iron-sulfur
      centers having similar EM7.2 values (minus 260 plus or minus 20 mV); HENCE,
      tentatively assigned as N-5 and N-6. Consistent with the individual EM7.2 values
      obtained, addition of succinate results in the partial reduction of Center N-2,
      but does not reduce any other centers in the NADH-ubiquinone segment of the
      respiratory chain. Centers N-2, N-1b, N-3, N-5 and N-6 become almost completely
      reduced in the presence of NADH, while Centers N-1a and N-4 are only slightly
      reduced in pigeon heart submitochondrial particles. In pigeon heart mitochondria,
      the EM7.2 of Center N-4 lies much  closer to that of Center N-3, so that
      resolution of the Center N-3 and N-4 spectra is not feasible in mitochondrial
      preparations. EM7.2 values and EPR lineshapes for the other iron-sulfur centers
      of the NADH-ubiquinone segment in the respiratory chain of intact mitochondria
      are similar to those obtained in submitochondrial particle preparations. Thus, it
      can be concluded that, in intact pigeon heart mitochondria, at least five iron
      sulfur centers show EM7.2 values around minus 250 mV; Center N-2 exhibits a high
      EM7.2 (minus 20 plus or minus 20 mV), while Center N-1a shows a very low EM7.2
      (minus 380 plus or minus 20 mV).

PMID- 166671
TI  - A kinetic completion of the cyclic photosynthetic electron pathway of
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: cytochrome b-cytochrome c2 oxidation-reduction.
AB  - In Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, following a single-turnover flash of light,
      cytochrome c2 is oxidized by reaction center bacteriochlorophyll, and a
      cytochrome b is reduced by the primary electron acceptor, probably via
      ubiquinone. In this report we show that, in the uncoupled state, the rate of re
      oxidation of the cytochrome b is identical to the rate of reduction of the
      cytochrome c2, a kinetic completion of the cyclic photosynthetic electron
      transport system.

PMID- 166672
TI  - Enzyme profiles of mammalian bile.
AB  - The activities of subcellular marker enzymes in bile and liver homogenate from
      several mammalian species have provided information on the specificity of protein
      release during bile formation. The presence of significant amounts of the plasma
      membrane enzymes alkaline phosphodiesterase I and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase in
      bile, in addition to alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase, and the relative
      absence of intracellular enzymes lends support to the view that bile salt
      liberation from the hepatocyte is accompanied by a partial solubilization of the
      plasma (canalicular) membrane without extensive damage to the whole hepatocyte.

PMID- 166673
TI  - Studies of kidney plasma membrane adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein
      kinase.

PMID- 166674
TI  - Stimulation of ion transport by ascorbic acid through inhibition of 3':5'-cyclic
      AMP phosphodiesterase in the corneal epithelium and other tissues.
AB  - Ascorbic acid stimulates active transport of Cl-minus by the isolated intact
      cornea. The effect is not present in corneas previously stimulated by the
      theophylline, an inhibitor of 3':5"-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17),
      and vice versa, theophylline has no action after stimulation with ascorbic acid.
      This indicated inhibition of 3':5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase by ascorbic acid.
      Assay of phosphodiesterase using 3-H-labeled cyclid AMP of frog and rabbit
      corneal epithelial homogenates showed an inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid.
      Concentration of 5 mM produced 16% inhibition with 20 mM producing 46%. This
      compares with 58% inhibition by theophylline at 5 mM. Phosphodiesterase activity
      is mostly soluble in frog corneal epithelium but in rabbit 45% is particulate.
      Soluble and particulate fractions are inhibited by ascorbate, but in rabbits
      greater inhibition (50%) was observed in the particulate fraction than in the
      soluble fraction. Other tissues showed inhibition also: frog retina 12%, rat
      brain (caudate nucleus) 48%, rabbit brain 14%, rabbit liver 16%. It is concluded
      that ascorbate produces an increase in cyclic AMP content of corneal epithelium
      and other tissues by inhibition of 3':5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase. This
      action may be one of the main functions of the high ascorbic acid content of
      ocular tissues and explain some of the effects of high dosis of ascorbate in
      other systems.

PMID- 166675
TI  - Decreased binding of insulin to liver plasma membrane receptors in hereditary
      diabetic mice.
AB  - The interaction of insulin with its receptors was studied in liver plasma
      membranes of the young non-obese hereditary diabetic mouse (KK strain). Under
      identical conditions of preparation and incubation, the membranes of the KK mouse
      bind only 55-70% as much insulin per mg of protein as those of the control mouse
      (Swiss albino). Scatchard analysis suggests that this decrease in binding is due
      to a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the membrane of the diabetic
      mouse. However, the membranes of diabetic and control mice do not exhibit
      significant differences in hexosamine and sialic acid contents, enzyme
      activities, and protein and glycoprotein analysis. The decrease in insulin
      receptors in the KK mouse seems to correlate with the insulin resistance which
      they exhibit.

PMID- 166676
TI  - Effect of lipid alkyl chain perturbations on the assembly of bacteriophage PM2.
AB  - The lipid-containing bacteriophage PM2 can produce infectious virus in cultures
      infected at temperatures up to 31.5 degrees C, but not at 34 degrees C. Its host,
      Pseudomonas BAL-31, grows at 34 degrees C and cultures infected at that
      temperature undergo lysis. Sucrose-gradient analysis shows that 34 degrees C
      lysates contain no PM2-like particles. Temperature-shift experiments establish
      that the thermally sensitive process is late in infection when virus assembly is
      taking place. Adamantanone, a small hydrophobic molecule that perturbs membrane
      hydrocarbon zones, prevents the production of infective virus. Concentrations
      which prevent virus production have no effect on host-cell growth or stability of
      mature virions. Adamantanone exerts its effects late in the infectious cycle, and
      lysates amde in its presence contain no PM2-like particles. These experiments,
      carried out at 25 degrees C, indicate that adamantanone prevents the assembly of
      stable PM2 virus. Spin-label studies suggest that the lipid alkyl chains of the
      host-cell membrane are in an "ordered" state at temperatures below about 33
      degrees C and undergo a transition to a "disordered" state above that
      temperature. Furthermore, the addition of adamantanone perturbs the hydrocarbon
      zones, producing a greater degree of disorder even below 25 degrees C. Our
      findings suggest that the cell membrane can function and grow with the lipid
      alkyl chains in either the "ordered" or "disordered" state, but that the
      "ordered" state must be maintanined for PM2 assembly to occur.

PMID- 166677
TI  - Requirement of heat and metabolic energy for the expression of inhibitory action
      of colicin K.
AB  - Escherichia coli B, induced for beta-galactoside permease, can accumulate thio
      methyl-beta-galactoside in the cell even at 0 degrees D. At this temperature,
      cells adsorb colicin K but the adsorbed colicin does not inhibit thiomethyl-beta
      galactoside uptake. Inhibition by colicin K is, however, seen at 0 degrees C
      after exposure of the colicin K-cell complex to a high temperature: a greater
      degree of inhibition occurs with increasing temperature or duration or exposure.
      There is a transition point at around 21 degrees C in Arrhenius plots of this
      colicin K activation reaction. If inhibitors of energy yielding reactions are
      present during the heat treatment, the inhibitory action of colicin K (as
      measured by thiomethyl-beta-galactoside uptake after returning the colicin K-cell
      complex to 0 degrees C and removal of the inhibitors) is prevented. These results
      indicate that adsorbed colicin K is converted into the active state only in the
      presence of metabolic energy and that cell surface fluidity appears to be
      concerned in this process.

PMID- 166678
TI  - Altered cell surface glycoproteins in phytohemagglutinin-resistant mutants of
      Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Purified membranes from surface-labelled phytohemagglutinin-resistant (Pha(R) and
      wild-type chinese hamster ovary cells have been analysed by sodium dodecyl
      sulphate gel electrophoresis. Gel patterns were compared for cells labelled via
      galactose oxidase and B-3H4 or lactoperoxidase and radioactive iodide. The
      results suggest that Pha-R cells are altered in the carbohydrate portion of a
      number of their membrane glycoproteins.

PMID- 166679
TI  - Protection of the active site of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase from
      inhibition by potassium tetrachloroplatinate.
AB  - Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (L-malate : NAD-+ oxido-reductase, EC
      1.1.1.37) was inhibited by potassium tetrachloro platinum (II), K-2PtCl-4, in the
      presence of varying concentrations of NADH, NAD-+ and L-malate and mixtures of
      NAD-+ and L-malate. It was observed that NADH is an effective protector of the
      enzyme from inhibition while both NAD-+ and L-malate are poor protectors.
      Spectral studies have suggested that the protection afforded by the substrates
      are accomplished by reaction with specific groups on the enzyme rather than by
      complexation of the substrates with PtCl-4-2-minus. From the above data it has
      been concluded that the tetrachloroplatinate ion binds only at the active site
      and that this site which is effectively protected by NADH, and moderately
      protected by a NAD-+-L-malate complex probably contains one or more sulfur
      containing amino acid side chains. It is also proposed that when the
      tetrachloroplatinate complexes with the enzyme there is some effect, possibly a
      conformational change, which causes the release of NADH at the allosteric site.

PMID- 166680
TI  - A rapid purification method of restriction endonucleases from Haemophilus
      strains.
AB  - A simple and rapid method of purification of restriction endonucleases from
      different Haemophilus strains is presented. By this method highly purified and
      stable enzymes can be obtained. Separation of different restriction activities
      present in the same strain is possible. This method was so far successfully used
      with Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Haemophilus aegyptius
      strains. The main advantages over previously published procedures reside in the
      simplication of certain purification steps (for instance the BioGel A 0.5 M
      filtration is replaced by a hydroxyapatite batch step), elimination of
      exonuclease activity by fractionation with (NH4) 2SO4, separation of different
      restriction activities by phosphocellulose chromatography, application of this
      method to various strains and high purification degree of enzymes.

PMID- 166681
TI  - Assay for adenylate cyclase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and the
      preparation of high specific activity 32-P-labeled substrates.
AB  - Simple one step assay methods for adenylate cyclase (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase
      (cyclizing) EC 4.6.1.1) and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (3',5'-cyclic
      nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase EC 3.1.4.17) have been developed. [alpha-32-P]
      ATP is used as the substrate for adenylate cyclase. Acid-heat destruction of [32
      P] ATP remaining after the cyclase reaction followed by Zn-Ba treatment
      quantitatively leaves cyclic [32-P] AMP in the supernatant essentially free from
      other 32-P-containing compounds. This assay method requires no corrections for
      recovery and routinely yields blank values less than 0.03 per cent. If higher
      sensitivity is desired, a simple 5 min alumina column step can be introduced into
      the procedure which quantitatively elutes cyclic [32-P] AMP directly into a
      liquid scintillation vial and lowers the blank values to less than 0.002 per
      cent. This method is rapid and easily performed, without sacrificing high
      reliability, specificity, or sensitivity. One step phosphodiesterase assays are
      easily accomplished using 32-P-labeled cyclic nucleotides as substrates.
      Descending paper chromatography of the reaction mixture on individual 2 cm wide
      paper strips gives a complete and quantitative separation of all possible
      products including [5'-32-P] AMP and [5'-32-P] GMP from their respective 32-P
      labeled 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides in 1-2 h. The paper strips are cut, inserted in
      scintillation vials without scintillant and the 32-P-products determined by
      Cerenkov counting. Low blank values of less than 0.5 per cent and the use of high
      specific activity 32-P-labeled cyclic nucleotide substrates make this method the
      most reliable and most sensitive phosphodiesterase assay described to date.
      Because of the simplicity, specificity, and high sensitivity obtainable with
      these assay methods using 32-P-labeled substrates, we have also devised simple
      conditions for the preparation and purification of [alpha-32-P] ATP, cyclic [32
      P] AMP and cyclic [32-P] GMP with specific activities in excess of 100 Ci/mmol.
      These high specific activity 32-Plabeled cyclic nucleotides are important for
      these new assay methods and are also useful to follow purification recovery of
      endogenous cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP from biological materials before protein
      binding or radioimmunological isotope displacement assays when performed in the
      femtomole range.

PMID- 166682
TI  - Stimulation by ATP of alkaline phosphatase in placental plasma membranes.
AB  - 1. ATP stimulated the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity of placental plasma
      membranes, with an increase in activity of approximately 100% at 5 mM ATP. The
      stimulation was not dependent on the presence of Mg-2-+. 2. The K-m for p
      nitrophenyl phosphate was not changed by the presence of 5 mM ATP. 3. ATP
      hydrolysis by the plasma membrane preparation under the same assay conditions as
      for alkaline phosphatase was not influenced by the presence of 5 mM p-nitrophenyl
      phosphate. 4. Extraction of the plasma membrane preparation with n-butanol
      abolished the stimulatory effect of ATP, as well as Ca-2-+-activated ATPase
      activity.

PMID- 166683
TI  - Effect of adenine nucleotides on NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases in
      rhizobia and bacteroids of legume root nodules.
AB  - ATP, ADP, AMP and cyclic AMP inhibit NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (L-s
      isocitrate : NAD-+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.41) from rhizobia but have no effect
      on the enzyme from corresponding bacteroids. This was observed using three
      rhizobial strains two of which are effective, and one ineffective, with Lotus
      pedunculatus. Using partially purified enzyme from each of the three rhizobial
      strains it was found that the adenine nucleotides inhibit the enzyme by competing
      with NAD-+, not with isocritrate. The rate of reaction catalysed by the enzyme
      (expressed as activity per mg protein) in cell-free extracts of each of the
      effective rhizobial strains was about three times that of the reaction in
      extracts of the corresponding bacteroids. No correlation was found between
      effectiveness and NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the
      rhizobial cells.

PMID- 166684
TI  - Comparative structural studies of the active site of ATP: guanidine
      phosphotransferases. The essential cysteine tryptic peptide of taurocyamine
      kinase from Arenicola marina.
AB  - The active cysteinyl residues of dimeric taurocyamine kinase from Arenicola
      marina were labelled with N-ethyl-[1-14C]maleimide. The resulting inactivated N
      ethyl-[1-14C]succinimido enzyme was then subjected to tryptic hydrolysis. The
      peptide containing the labelled essential cysteinyl residue was isolated. The
      amino acid sequence of this peptide is Leu-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Gly-Thr-[14C]-Cys-Pro-Thr
      Asn-Ile-Gly-Leu-Arg. This sequence is very similar to that of homologous
      ATP:guanidine phosphotransferases previously studied, arginine kinase from
      Homarus vulgaris muscle, creatine kinase from ox brain and ox muscle, and from
      rabbit muscle, and lombricine kinase from Lubricus terrestris.

PMID- 166685
TI  - Cyclic AMP binding proteins in early embryos of Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - A variety of effects of cyclic AMP on cellular and subcellular phenomena suggest
      that there may be other modes of action of cyclic AMP then activation of protein
      kinase. It is also known that developing embryos contain cyclic AMP and its
      related enzymes. In order to explore the role of cyclic AMP in embryogenesis, a
      survey of proteins capable of binding cyclic AMP in the embryonic supernatant of
      Drosophila melanogaster was carried out. As the result, two cyclic AMP-binding
      proteins were found and characterized. The one (L) is, as expected, associated
      with protein kinase and has a dissociation constant of about 10(-9) M. Its
      molecular weight of 21 000 daltons is extremely small when compared with similar
      proteins in other organisms. The other (H), whose function is yet to be found,
      has a molecular weight of about 200 000 daltons and has a dissociation constant
      of about 10-7 M. Some laxity in binding specificity of the latter protein among
      adenosine nucleotides was observed, but cyclic AMP is the strongest ligand among
      them.

PMID- 166686
TI  - Studies on the composition of pig serum lipoproteins. Isolation and
      characterization of different apoproteins.
AB  - 1. Different lipoprotein density fractions from pig serum were isolated by
      phosphotungstate precipitation followed by purification in the preparative ultra
      centrifuge. 2. The protein part of very low density lipoproteins was composed of
      approximately 52 percent lipoprotein B apoprotein and the rest of lipoprotein C
      II apoprotein and other as yet unidentified peptides. 3. The protein moiety of
      low density lipoproteins consisted primarily of lipoprotein B apoprotein (over 95
      percent); the amino acid compositions of lipoprotein B apoprotein of very low and
      low density lipoproteins were practically identical. 4. The predominant
      polypeptide of pig serum high density lipoproteins exhibited an amino acid
      composition and a molecular weight very similar to human liprotein A I
      apoprotein. In contrast to human lipoprotein A I apoprotein, the apoprotein from
      pigs was found to release leucine first followed by alanine, threonine, and
      lysine upon incubation with carboxypeptidase A. 5. In pig serum the major
      lipoprotein C apoprotein was found to be a polypeptide similar in amino acid
      composition to lipoprotein C II apoprotein from human serum. The molecular weight
      of this polypeptide is approximately 8000. Incubation experiments with
      carboxypeptidase A indicate serine to be the most likely C-terminal amino acid.

PMID- 166687
TI  - Paramagnetic spin label interactions with the envelope of a group A arbovirus.
      Lipid organization.
AB  - Electron paramagnetic resonance observations were made on nitroxide spin- labeled
      molecules which were bound to the TC-83 vaccine strain of Venezuelan equine
      encephalomyelitis virus. Paramagnetic resonance parameters derived from the
      observations and their dependence on sample temperature were similar but not
      identical to those which have been reported for these labels dissolved in lipid
      bilayer membranes of mammalian and bacterial origin. The data has a mechanical
      rigidity substantially greater than that of bilayers in cellular membranes. A
      model is presented which assumes the location of the lipid bilayer outside the
      nucleoprotein capsid and inside a spherical layer of envelope proteins. The model
      is in accord with Harrison's X-ray diffraction results for Sindbis virus. The
      model is discussed in terms of its implications with respects to the role played
      by lipid in viral maturation and infectivity.

PMID- 166688
TI  - Sulphate transport by rat ileum. Effect of molybdate and other anions.
AB  - Kinetic constants for SO4-2- transport by upper and lower rat ileum in vitro have
      been determined by computer fitting of rate vs concentration data obtained using
      the everted sac technique. MoO-4-2- inhibition of this transport is competitive,
      and kinetic constants for the inhibition were similarly determined. Transport is
      also inhibited by the anions WO4-2-, S2O3-2- and SeO4-2-, in the order S2O3-2-
      greater than SeO4-2- greater than or equal to MoO4-2- greater than WO4-2-. These
      anions have no effect on the transport of L-valine. Low SO4-2- transport rates
      were observed in sacs from animals fed a high-molybdenum diet. The significance
      of the results with respect to the problem of molybdate toxicity in animals is
      discussed, and related to the known protective effect of SO4-2-.

PMID- 166689
TI  - Investigations of thermotropic phase changes in peripheral nerve of frog and rat.
      A spin label study.
AB  - The temperature-dependent fluidity of myelin of frog and rat peripheral nerve
      (Nervus ischiadicus) was studied using the spin label technique. In frog nerve a
      phase change was detected at 38 degree C. In rat nerve no sharp phase change
      could be established, and the lipid-depleted frog and rat nerve also showed no
      transition. From the spectral data, it was concluded that in frog and rat nerve
      the lipid-protein interactions are different, i.e. species dependent. Ca-2+
      depletion of frog nerve caused a loss of transition, while rat nerve remained
      unaffected. Thus it was indicated that, in frog nerve, Ca-2+ is involved in the
      phase change. In the total lipid extract of frog nerve a phase change centered at
      32 degree C occurred, while the total lipid extract of rat nerve again showed no
      transition. It is suggested that a connexion exists between our results and
      investigations on the temperature dependence of an axonal conduction block of
      nerve.

PMID- 166691
TI  - Spin label evidence for the role of lysoglycerophosphatides in cellular membranes
      of hibernating mammals.
AB  - The phospholipid composition of ground squirrel heart muscle changes during
      hibernation: more lysoglycerophosphatides are found in the hibernating state than
      in the active state. Phase transitions inferred from spin label motion occur in
      the usual manner typical of mammalian mitochondria for the mitochondria and
      mitochondrial lipids from active squirrels. However, a conspicuous absence of a
      spin label-detectable phase transition is observed in equivalent preparations
      from hibernating animals. The addition of lysolecithin to preparations from
      active squirrels removes the break and induces a straight line in the Arrhenius
      plot. The lack of a spin label-detectable phase transition in hibernating
      animals, therefore, is attributed to an increased content of
      lysoglycerophosphatides present in the phospholipids during hibernation.

PMID- 166690
TI  - The optical activity of D-erythro-sphingomyelin and its contribution to the
      circular dichroism of sphingomyelin-containing systems.
AB  - Circular dichroism studies on bovine brain sphingomyelin show the presence of a
      strong negative cotton effect below 200 nm, the position and magnitude of which
      depend on the physical state of the lipid. This cotton effect is thought to arise
      from the pi-pi transition of the amide group in the sphingomyelin backbone. The
      sphingomyelin contribution to the observed ellipticity of membranes and
      lipoprotein complexes depends on the mol fraction of amide groups present as
      sphingomyelin: this contribution is calculated to be less than 2% in the case of
      serum high density lipoprotein and the order of 20% below 200 nm in the case of
      the erythrocyte ghost membrane. Due to the similarity of the CD spectrum of
      sphingomyelin to that of a random coil polypeptide, use of uncorrected
      ellipticity data is expected to lead to an overestimate of the random coil
      content of proteins in systems containing a high sphingomyelin content.

PMID- 166692
TI  - Studies on the regulation of the concentration of androgens and androgen
      receptors in nuclei of prostatic cells.
AB  - Experiments were performed to assess the effect of intracellular androgen
      metabolism and the availability of cytoplasmic receptors on the concentration of
      androgens and androgen receptors in nuclei of prostatic cells. It was found that
      androgens are incorporated into the nucleus by a regulated, selective process
      which appears to limit the type and amount of androgen transported across the
      nuclear membrane. The metabolic conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
      which takes place in cytoplasm does not reduce transport and, very likely,
      affects only the ratio of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone transferred into
      the nucleus. In vivo, when the intranuclear concentration of androgens approaches
      250 nM (8 pmol per mg DNA), an apparent concentration ceiling is reached even in
      the presence of a downward concentration gradient that would be expected to
      promote further transport across the nuclear membrane. This finding strongly
      suggests that in vivo the nuclear membrane acts as a barrier to the passage of
      androgens and, therefore, mitigates against the possibility that passive
      diffusion is an important mechanism of afferent transport of androgens into the
      nucleus. The ability of the nucleus to concentrate testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone was clearly demonstrated in vivo when cytoplasmic
      concentrations of androgens of approximately 20 nM were accompanied by
      intranuclear concentrations in the vicinity of 250 nM. Since the measured
      concentration of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in prostate of several
      species fall within the 5-20 nM range, it is evident that androgen concentrations
      in the nucleus as high as 250 nM may be typical of the physiological steady
      state. At the latter concentration the nucleus contains 60 000 androgen
      molecules: in approximate terms one third of this total is bound to a large
      molecular weight component of the nucleus, one third is bound to a 3.3 S receptor
      and one third is free or loosely bound. Since 60 000 androgen molecules and 20
      000 receptor molecules appear in the nucleus before transport stops, it seems
      that the quantity of 4.4 S cytoplasmic receptor estimated at 174 plus or minus 24
      pmol per mg protein (equivalent to about 8000 molecules per cell) is insufficient
      to account for the total influx of androgens and androgen receptors into the
      nucleus. Thus, although these results support the view that cytoplasmic receptors
      and the capacity to transport androgens are closely linked phenotypic markers of
      intracellular steroid hormone action, they suggest that the control of androgen
      concentration in the nucleus is achieved in a more intricate fashion than simply
      through a dependence on the presumed translocation of 4.4 S androgen-receptor
      complex into the nucleus.

PMID- 166693
TI  - The control of anaerobic glycolysis by glucose transport and ouabain in slices of
      hepatoma 3924A.
AB  - 1. The activities of glycolysis and K-+ transport have been studied in slices of
      Morris hepatoma 3924A incubated under anaerobic conditions in the presence of
      different concentrations of glucose (1-50 mM). 2. Ouabain-sensitive net transport
      of K-+ was observed at all glucose concentrations greater than 1 mM; ouabain
      reduced the rate of glycolysis by about 25% at all glucose concentrations able to
      support ion transport. 3. The net entry of glucose into the intracellular phase
      was studied at varying glucose concentrations. The rate of glucose entry was
      similar to the rate of glucose utilisation by anaerobic glycolysis at medium
      concentrations of 10 mM and less, but exceeded the rate of glycolysis at 20 mM
      and above. 4. The glucose entry was not Na-+-dependent and was not inhibited by
      ouabain. 5. The results suggest (a) that the reduction in glycolytic activity
      caused by ouabain is not due to an inhibition of glucose transport and (b) that
      the glucose transport system of this poorly differentiated hepatoma has
      properties similar to that of normal liver.

PMID- 166694
TI  - Chaotropic anions and the surface potential of bilayer membranes.
AB  - The chaotropic anions perchlorate and thiocyanate adsorb to artificial
      phospholipid membranes. The negative electrostatic potential they produce at the
      surface of the membranes was measured by two independent techniques. The
      conductance produced by neutral carriers of cations and anions was measured to
      estimate changes in the surface potentials of planar black lipid films and the
      electrophoretic mobility of phospholipid vesicles was used to monitor changes in
      the zeta potentials of spherical bilayer membranes. Qualitatively similar results
      were obtained with the two techniques. The results, moreover, agreed with the
      change in surface potential produced by these anions at an air water interface,
      as measured directly with an ionizing electrode (Randles, J. E. B. (1957)
      Discuss. Faraday Soc. 24, 194-199). The results obtained with artificial bilayers
      may explain the observation (Wieth, J. O. (1970) J. Physiol. 207, 581-609) that
      thiocyanate increases the sodium or potassium and decreases the sulfate
      permeability of erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 166695
TI  - Selective excision of gamma ray damaged thymine from the DNA of cultured
      mammalian cells.
AB  - Three mammalian cell lines (WI-38, SV40-transformed WI-38 and Chinese hamster
      ovary) were exposed to high doses of 137-Cs gamma rays and their DNA analysed,
      following various periods of postirradiation incubation, for products of the 5,6
      dihydroxy-dihydrothymine type. Within fifteen minutes of incubation at 37 degrees
      C 70 to 90 percent of these radiation products were removed from acid
      precipitable material in all three cell lines. The amount of DNA degradation
      induced by radiation varied from approximately one percent in WI-38 cells to 15
      percent in SV40-transformed WI-38 cells. Comparison of DNA degradation with the
      amount of thymine radiation product removed indicates that a selective gamma ray
      induced excision repair capability exists in mammalian cells. Because of its more
      rapid kinetics, gamma ray excision repair is probably a distinct process as
      compared with ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimer excision.

PMID- 166696
TI  - Polynucleotide duplexes based on poly(7-deazaadenylic acid).
AB  - In order to find a poly(A)-poly(U) analog which could not form a triple-stranded
      complex and which would have a sufficiently high thermal stability to survive
      under physiological conditions, the interaction of poly(7-deazaadenylic acid)
      (poly(c-7A)) with modified polyuridylic acids was examined. Mixing curves
      constructed by the method of continuous variation, isosbestic points and thermal
      melting profiles proved that poly(c-7A) formed only 1:1 complex with
      polyribothymidylic acid and poly(5-bromouridylic acid) (Tm values of 50 and 72
      degrees C respectively, in 0.15 M NaCl, 0.01 M KH2 PO4, 0.001 M MgCl2, pH7). In
      addition poly(c-7A) formed a 1:1 complex with poly(I) (Tm equals 22 degrees C in
      0.46 M salt, pH 7), and presumed duplexes were observed in the interaction of
      poly(c-7A) with poly(dT), poly(2'-azido-2'-deoxyuridylic acid) and poly(2'-O
      methyluridylic acid) (Tm values of 35, 32 and 41 degrees C respectively, in 0.10
      M NaCl, pH7).

PMID- 166697
TI  - Stimulation of nuclear poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase activity
      from HeLa cells by endonucleases.
AB  - Isolated nuclei from HeLa cells can incorporate labeled ADP-ribose from NAD into
      an acid-precipitable product, poly(ADP-ribose). This reaction is stimulated by 4
      6-fold by the addition of deoxyribonuclease I to the complete reaction mixture.
      If the nuclei are treated first with deoxyribonuclease I, no effect is seen; the
      stimulation is only apparent when the two enzymes deoxyribonuclease I and
      poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, are operating at the same time. After making several
      minor modifications in the assay mixture, it was found that another endonuclease,
      micrococcal nuclease, can also stimulate the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity
      of HeLa nuclei. A comparison of the two stimulatory effects indicated that the
      two endonucleases activated to the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity of HeLa
      nuclei in the same way. Overall this evidence suggests that poly(ADP-ribose)
      polymerase may have a functional role in the process of DNA repair.

PMID- 166698
TI  - [Interaction of rhodopsin with quinone].
AB  - The reaction of rodopsin extracted with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with p
      benzoquinone was studied with spectrophotometric and ESR methods. In the dark
      quinone reacted with three SH-groups of rodopsin, in the light with three more SH
      and two unknown groups of decolourized rodopsin. The interaction of quinone with
      SH-groups liberated under light effect on rodopsin proceeds with the formation of
      intermediate free-radical products.

PMID- 166700
TI  - [Pharamagnetic centers developing during irradiation of gamma-phos].
AB  - The ESR spectra's of X-irradiated radioprotector gamma-phos have been studied.
      Using the analysis of relaxation effects in this sample irradiated at room
      temperature three paramagnetic centers have been discovered. One of these centers
      is classed with the free radical approximately CH2--CH--CH2 approximately (R1)
      G(R1) value decreases with a decrease of irradiation temperature. Free radicals
      R1 are not oxidized in the air. Two other of paramagnetic centers have not been
      identified.

PMID- 166699
TI  - [EPR study of the mechanism of photooxidation of chlorophyll a by nitro
      compounds].
AB  - An ESR signal with g-value of 2,0026 and peak-to-peak with 8,5 Oe was observed in
      ethanole solutions of chlorophill a and nitroderivatives of naphtalene under red
      light illumination. The ESR signal consisted of chlorophyll cation radical
      resonance, superimposed on an nitronaphtalene anion radical. Less than the ratio
      greater than between the quantities of these radicals and the character of decay
      kinetics are influenced by the medium acidity. An analysis of kinetic curves is
      performed, and the effect of the medium acidity on the mechanism of one-electron
      transfer reaction between chlorophyll and nitronaphtalene molecules is explained.

PMID- 166701
TI  - [Metabolic synapse. I. Effect of intracellular microinjection of 3'-5'-AMP].
AB  - Cyclic 3'-5'-AMP was injected into neurons of Helix pomatia (theta greater than
      50 mu) by the current of 10(8) minus 10(9) A. This current was passed from one
      intracellular electrode to another by means of a photogenerator very well
      isolated from the ground. The injection of 3'-5'-AMP results in a depolarization
      and increase of the frequency of spontaneous activity. These changes continue for
      several seconds after the current is switched off. The intracellular injection of
      5'-AMP or 5'-ATP and also extracellular application of 3'-5'-AMP by either the
      same or tenfold current does not change the spontaneous activity of these
      neurons.

PMID- 166702
TI  - [Wave regime of neuronal net activity].
AB  - The problem of activity wave propagation in homogeneous isotropic neural net is
      analyzed. All the neurons of the net are considered in the subthreshold region as
      summators of synaptic currents with finite memory. The expression for synaptic
      current on a single neuron in the steady-state regime of the wave activity
      propagation is found. The equation for the velocity of the wave propagation is
      derived and analyzed; possible limiting correlations are investigated. The
      results are compared with the analysis of Beurle.

PMID- 166703
TI  - [Letter: Characteristics of phase transition of water in disperse systems].

PMID- 166704
TI  - [Flavin radicals as intermediate products of the photosensitized decomposition of
      water].

PMID- 166705
TI  - Tissue fractionation in rat brain, kidney and liver. I. Intracellular
      localization of a 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid requiring enzyme.
AB  - The intracellular distribution of N-methyl-transferase requiring 5-methyl
      tetrahydrofolic acid (5 MT-NMT) was studied in brain, kidney and liver of rats.
      Among these different tissues, the kidney displayed the highest enzyme activity,
      more than 20 times the activity detected in the brain. As the striatum and, to a
      lesser extent the hypothalamus, were found to contain slightly higher 5 MT-NMT
      than other cerebral regions, they were also selected for the study of the
      subcellular localization. Tissue fractionation was performed by differential
      centrifugation yielding five different fractions which were analyzed for their
      enzymatic content not only of 5 MT-NMT but also of marker enzymes, such as
      cytochrome oxidase, acid phosphatase and inosine diphosphatase. In all the
      tissues studied, 5 MT-NMT was recovered in the supernatant fraction. Therefore
      one may consider this enzyme to belong to the cytosol. Although a neuronal
      localization cannot be excluded, it is beyond doubt that the enzyme is contained
      in other cellular types. In the brain fractionation, the five fraction procedure
      seems to be very useful especially when the subcellular distribution of a given
      enzyme is compared to that obtained in other tissues like liver or kidney.
      Finally 5 MT-NMT may be considered a good marker enzyme for the supernatant
      fraction.

PMID- 166706
TI  - Determination of the inter-spike times of neurons receiving randomly arriving
      post-synaptik potentials.

PMID- 166707
TI  - [Hydrolysis of the methyl esters of the N-arylsulfonyl derivatives of L-arginine
      by thrombin and trypsin].
AB  - Trypsin- and thrombin-catalysed hydrolysis of the Nalpha-aryl-sulfonyl-L-arginine
      methyl esters was studied. Michaelis constants and kcat were determined. The
      hydrolysis of the substrates by trypsin appears to depend on the polar nature of
      substitutes. The thrombin- catalysed reaction was believed to be sensitive to
      steric effects of the introducted groups.

PMID- 166708
TI  - [Conformational transitions in Na, K-dependent ATPase].
AB  - Conformational transitions in membrane preparations of Na, K-dependent ATPase
      were studied by means of mono-radical and bi-radical hydrophobic spine probes. A
      decrease in micro-viscosity of non-polar membrane regions in Na, K-ATPase
      preparation was observed under the formation of phosphorylated N, K-ATPase
      intermediate in the presence of ATP and Na+ ions. K+-catalysed dephosphorylation
      of the intermediate resulted in opposite changes. Bi-radical probes of a certain
      chemical structure turned to be the most sensitive indicators of conformational
      changes in membranes of Na, K-ATPase preparation. Na+-, K+- and ATP-induced
      conformational transitions are blocked with suabaine, a specific inhibitor of Na,
      K-ATPase, with Ca2+ oligomycin and p-chloromercuric benzoate (PCMB). K+-dependent
      transitions are more sensitive to oligomycin and PCMB as compared with those
      induced by ATP and Na+. Possible mechanisms of conformational transitions in Na,
      K-dependent ATPase are discussed.

PMID- 166709
TI  - [Crystalline preparation of adrenodoxin, a non-heme iron-containing protein from
      the adrenal cortex].

PMID- 166710
TI  - [The functional state of rat liver mitochondria during different phases of slow
      freezing and storage of a mitochondrial suspension at a temperature of a -25
      degrees c].

PMID- 166711
TI  - Effect of chronic marijuana administration of stages of primate sleep
      wakefulness.
AB  - The effects of the repeated administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on
      sleep-wakefulness patterns were studied in adult male squirrel monkeys. The
      percent time spent in slow wave sleep was reduced with chronic treatment and
      failed to return to base line levels after 30 days of recovery. The amount of
      time spent in Stage 1 or drowsy state increased with repeated treatment and
      remained elevated through recovery. Changes observed in other stages of sleep
      wakefulness were sensitive to repeated treatment with marijuana but were found to
      return to base line levels during recovery.

PMID- 166713
TI  - Progesterone receptors of chick oviduct: identification of 6S receptor dimers.

PMID- 166712
TI  - REM sleep deprivation.

PMID- 166714
TI  - Maturation of the mammalian embryo: biochemical aspects.

PMID- 166715
TI  - Energy metabolism in human erythrocytes: the role of phosphoglycerate kinase in
      cation transport.
AB  - Three models of disturbed erythrocyte metabolism, triose-depleted normal,
      phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)-deficient, and pyruvate kinase (PK)-deficient
      cells, have been studied to examine further the role of PGK in erythrocyte cation
      transport. Sodium (Na-+) and potassium (K-+) transport were reduced only in cells
      fully depleted of triose. In such cells the PGK step presumably was inoperative
      due to total lack of substrate; 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) then became the
      sole substrate source for remaining steps in glycolysis. At increased
      intracellular Na-+ concentrations which normally stimulate transport and
      glycolysis, triose-depleted cells had marked impairment of cation transport and
      ouabain-inhibitable lactate and pyruvate production from 2,3-DPG. PGK-deficient
      cells and normal cells with high intracellular Na-+ concentrations had similar
      increases in transport and ouabain-inhibitable lactate production. PK-deficient
      cells with high intracellular Na-+ concentrations showed an appropriate increase
      in transport but less stimulation of lactate production. Transport was not
      related to total cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. These data
      suggested that normal coupled cation transport occurred despite diminished
      metabolite flow through PGK, as in PGK- or PK-deficient cells. Transport was
      diminished only in triose-depleted cells where metabolite flow through PGK was
      presumably absent. These data, therefore, support the concept that transport and
      glycolysis interact at the PGK step, although impairment of PGK must be profound
      before its effect on transport is evident.

PMID- 166716
TI  - The actions of dihydroxyphenylalanine and dihydroxyphenylserine on the sleep
      wakefulness cycle of the rat after peripheral decarboxylase inhibition.
AB  - 1. The actions of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS)
      were assessed on the sleep-wakefulness cycle of male Wistar rats. 2. In
      comparative studies the extracerebral decarboxylase was inhibited with
      serinetrihydroxybenzylhydrazide (RO 4-4602) before injection of DOPA or DOPS. 3.
      DOPA (80-160 mg/kg, i.p.) with or without previous inhibition of the peripheral
      decarboxylase gave rise to an initial significant increase of slow wave activity,
      which may be related to a release of 5-hydroxytryptamine. 4. During the
      subsequent 8 h sessions, DOPA significantly decreased slow wave sleep and rapid
      eye movement sleep (REM) and increased wakefulness. 5. DOPS (80-160 mg/kg, i.p.)
      did not significantly modify the sleep-wakefulness cycle apart from a decrease of
      the latency for the first REM episode after 160 mg/kg in the RO 4-4602 pretreated
      animals.

PMID- 166717
TI  - Acetylcholine-sensitive cells in the caudal medulla of the rat: distribution,
      pharmacology and effects of pentobarbitone.
AB  - 1. The distribution of cholinoceptive and non-cholinoceptive cells in various
      nuclei of the caudal medulla of the rat is described. 2. The nature of the
      responses of cells of the paramedian reticular nucleus and of the perihypoglossal
      nuclei to electrophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh) was investigated. 3. In
      unanaesthetized decerebrate preparations ACh responses were usually of a "fast
      onset-fast offset" nature. Dihydro-beta-erythroidine was a more effective
      antagonist than atropine. 4. In rats anaesthetized with barbiturate nearly all
      the tach responses showed a slower onset and prolonged action. Atropine was the
      more effective antagonist. 5. The synaptic responses of cells of the paramedian
      reticular and perihypoglossal nuclei to stimulation of glossopharyngeal, superior
      laryngeal, lingual and hypoglossal nerves were investigated. It is concluded that
      ACh does not mediate the responses at the level of these nuclei.

PMID- 166718
TI  - Modulation by acetylcholine of adrenergic transmission in the rabbit ear artery.
AB  - 1. Low concentrations of acetylcholine (4 times 10(-11) and 1 times 10(-10) M)
      increase the vasoconstrictor response of the isolated ear artery of the rabbit to
      stimulation of the periarterial sympathetic nerves. Higher concentrations (4
      times 10(-8) M and greater) decrease the response. 2. Low concentrations of
      acetylcholine (1 times 10(-11) and 1 times 10(-10) M) increase the stimulation
      induced efflux of radioactivity from artery segments previously incubated with
      [3H]-noradrenaline. Higher ocncentrations (3 times 10(-8) M and greater) decrease
      the efflux. 3. Neither atropine nor hexamethonium affects the facilitatory action
      of low concentrations of acetylcholine on adrenergic transmission in the rabbit
      ear artery. 4. Atropine antagonizes the inhibitory effect of higher
      concentrations of acetylcholine on adrenergic transmission.

PMID- 166721
TI  - Cystic nephroblastoma in an adult.

PMID- 166719
TI  - The effects of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'
      monophosphate and theophylline on renin secretion in the isolated perfused kidney
      of the rat.
AB  - 1. The influence of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), cylic
      guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and theophylline on renin secretion
      was examined in the isolated kidney of the rat perfused with Krebs dextran
      solution. 2. Neither cyclic AMP (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) nor dibytyryl cyclic AMP
      (10(-5) M) produced an increase in renin secretion. 3. Cyclic GMP and 8 Br-cyclic
      GMP caused a small rise in renin secretion in some experiments but this effect
      was independent of the dose and its physiological significance is uncertain. 4.
      Theophylline (10(-6) to 10(14) M) caused a significant elevation in renin
      secretion which was not blocked by (+)-propranolol. Theophylline with cyclic AMP
      or cyclic GMP did not produce an amplified effect. 5. Despite previous
      suggestions that cyclic AMP stimulated renin secretion, this could not be
      confirmed in the present preparation. Since there is no evidence that cyclic AMP
      or cyclic GMP (or their derivatives, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and 8 Br-cyclic GMP)
      enter the cells, it will be necessary to study their activity in isolated
      juxtaglomerular cells to define a possible role.

PMID- 166720
TI  - Interaction of competitive antagonists: the anti-curare action of hexamethonium
      and other antagonists at the skeletal neuromuscular junction.
AB  - 1. In the rat isolated diaphragm preparation hexamethonium and other low potency
      competitive antagonists of acetylcholine (ACh), including gallamine and hyoscine
      butylbromide, reverse block by the potent antagonists tubocurarine, pancuronium
      and alcuronium. 2. In the presence of tubocurarine, hexamethonium increases the
      amplitude of the end-plate potential without increasing the quantal content. It
      enhances the response to ACh applied iontophoretically to the end-plate but does
      not enhance the response to ACh applied in the bath. 3. The anti-curare effect of
      hexamethonium is abolished in the diaphragm of the rat, guinea-pig and mouse by
      inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. The effect is not observed in the indirectly
      stimulated toad sartorius muscle. 4. The effect is explained if tubocurarine does
      not dissociate appreciably in the time taken for ACh to achieve high occupancy of
      receptors, so that a fraction of receptors is completely excluded from occupation
      by ACh. Equilibration with hexamethonium reduces the fraction excluded by
      tubocurarine and the transmitter now competes with hexamethonium for more
      receptors and produces a larger response. 5. On the basis of this explanation the
      half-time for dissociation of tubocurarine must be about 1 millisecond. It
      follows that tubocurarine does not act competitively with ACh at synapses when
      transmitter action is sufficiently brief, and that its binding to the receptor is
      probably diffusion-limited.

PMID- 166722
TI  - Letter: Inquiry among rheumatism unit outpatients.

PMID- 166723
TI  - Editorial: More on the aflatoxin-hepatoma story.

PMID- 166724
TI  - Effect of infection with gonococci on myeloperoxidase activity of leucocytes.
AB  - Lyosomal myeloperoxidase activity in human phagocytic leucocytes was stimulated
      by incubation with virulent (T1) and avirulent (T4) forms of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae. The amount of activity, assayed by bacterial iodination (125-iodine)
      after 30 min. exposure to the pagocytes in the absence of serum, was about fifty
      times greater in cells infected with T4 strains. In the presence of heated human
      serum, or its IgG component, myeloperoxidase activity increased, but T1
      Stimulated activity was significantly less than that of T4 and was not
      proportional to multiplicity of infection. From these results and from those of a
      previous study we conclude that T1 can stimulate leucocyte myeloperoxidase
      activity from an extracellular location, that for this activity a serum fraction
      is required, and that this may be a mechanism responsible for some of the killing
      of the membrane associated T1.

PMID- 166725
TI  - Chemical inactivation of swine vesicular disease virus.

PMID- 166726
TI  - [Hypersomnia by isthmic lesion in cat. II. Neurophysiological and pharmacological
      study].
AB  - (1) The bilateral destruction of the region of the dorsal norepinephrine bundle
      in the isthmus or in the mesencephalon induces a significant increase of both
      paradoxical sleep (PS) (up to 400%) and of slow-wave sleep (SWS). The increase of
      PS lasts for 4-5 days while the increase of SWS lasts at least 8-10 days. The
      same phenomenon is observed after total hypophysectomy. (2) control lesions
      effectuated in the isthmus outside the area of the dorsal norepinephrine bundle
      do not affect significantly the slee-walking cycle. (3) pretreatment with p
      chlorophenylalanine suppresses the increase of sleep if the lesion is effectuated
      at the time of maximum insomnia, while a significant increase of PS is still
      observed if the lesion is made at the time of the recovery of sleep. (4) the
      mechanisms of this hypersomnia are discussed in light of the biochemical results
      showing an increase of the biosynthesis of serotonin in the rostral raphe system.
      It is postulated that some neurons of the dorsal norepinephrine bundle might
      tonically control the activity of the raphe system.

PMID- 166728
TI  - The influence of nerve growth factor, potassium depolarization and dibutyryl
      (cyclic) adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on explant cultures of chick embryo
      sympathetic ganglia.
AB  - Optimal nerve growth factor (NGF) and potassium concentrations for the culture of
      explants of single chick embryo sympathetic ganglia in Leighton tubes are
      described. NGF increases ganglionic monoamine oxidase (MAO; E.C.1.4.3.4) activity
      in a dose dependent fashion with maximum effects at a concentration of about 8
      U/ml NGF. Peak activity compares closely with values seen in chick ganglia in
      vivo. Potassium-induced depolarization (45 mM K-+) also increases MAO activity;
      but the extent of the increase depends upon (NGF concentration, for there is
      little or no increase at high NGF concentrations. Dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'
      cyclic monophosphoric acid (db cyclic AMP) can mimic the potassium-induced
      increase in MAO.

PMID- 166727
TI  - Cholinergic agents affect two receptors that modulate transmitter release at a
      central synapse in Aplsia californica.
AB  - A unitary, monosynaptic and presumably cholinergic EPSP recorded in cell R15 of
      the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica undergoes depression followed by
      facilitation when the presynaptic axon is repetitively stimulated at a rate of 1
      3 pulses/sec.  During trains of stimulation which produced this sequence of
      phenomena, the effects of a large number of agents known to affect cholinergic
      transmission in other systems were studied.  The agents could be divided into 4
      classes: (1) agents having no effect upon transmission at this cholinergic
      junction; (2) agents of a class typified by curare, which depressed all EPSPs of
      a train to the same extent, and which are believed to be acting in this system
      solely as competitive postsynaptic blockers; (3) agents typified by acetylcholine
      and carbachol (ACh class), which selectively depressed earlier EPSPs of a train
      more than later EPSPs and which appear to act by reducing the fractional release
      of transmitter; (4) agents typified by trimethidinium (trimethidinium class),
      which selectively depress later EPSPs of a train more than earlier EPSPs and
      which appear to act by reducing the rate of transmitter supply into the readily
      releasable pool.  Neither the ACh class nor the trimethidinium class produced
      these selective effects on different pulses in the train by changes in the
      postsynaptic membrane potential or membrane resistance.  Nor did they act by
      stimulating or inhibiting other recorded inputs onto R15.  Iontophoretic
      application of acetylcholine onto R15 indicated that the effect of trimethidinium
      could not be explained by an alteration in desensitization of a postsynaptic
      acetylcholine receptor.  The structural specificity of the presynaptic receptors
      mediating the action of the ACh and trimethidinium classes was demonstrated by
      the use of a larger number of structurally related compounds.

PMID- 166729
TI  - LSD and dopamine-sensitive adenylate-cyclase in various rat brain areas.

PMID- 166730
TI  - Regional distribution of postsynaptic receptor binding for gamma-aminobutyric
      acid (GABA) in monkey brain.

PMID- 166732
TI  - The response of the immature fowl to multiple injections of adrenocorticotrophic
      hormone.
AB  - 1. Treating chicks, from 1 d or 5 weeks of age with ACTH three times weekly for 3
      weeks depresses growth and causes adrenal hypertrophy at dose rates of 30 IU/kg
      or more, and depletion of adrenal cholesterol (greater than 10 IU/kg). 2.
      Treating chicks five times weekly at a dose rate of 30 IU/kg was as effective as
      a dose of 120 IU/kg three times weekly. 3. Plasma glucose and FFA concentrations
      of chicks treated thrice weekly with 120 IU ACTH/kg for 3 weeks were within the
      normal range. 4. Rhode Island Reds were more sensitive to ACTH than Light Sussex.
      5. Adrenal cholesterol stores in normal chicks show significant variations with
      season.

PMID- 166731
TI  - A study of inhibitory antagonism in cat visual cortex.
AB  - Since there seems to be good evidence that GABA may act as an inhibitory
      neurotransmitter in the mammalian cortex, we tested the effects of an antagonist
      of GABA, namely the alkaloid bicuculine, on the response properties of visual
      cortex neurons, using a computer-controlled stimulus presentation system to
      assess quantitatively the changes in receptive field organization after the drug.
      Complex cells were most affected, increasing both evoked and spontaneous activity
      and losing some of their specificities for stimulus parameters such as
      orientation and direction. Hyper-complex cells lost their inhibitory flanks,
      responding equally well to long and short bars after the drug. Simple cells were
      the least affected, usually becoming somewhat depressed after the drug.
      Preliminary tests with another inhibitory amino acid antagonist, strychnine,
      showed that it excited simple cells, indicating that possibly more than one
      inhibitory transmitter is at work in the cortex. The results are discussed with
      relation to the synaptic anatomy of the cortex, and it is concluded that a class
      of stellate cells, using GABA, is a likely candidate for the transmitter of some
      intracortical inhibition.

PMID- 166733
TI  - The effects of various treatments on the microbial flora of whole poultry
      carcasses with particular reference to Staphylococcus aureus contamination.
AB  - Experiments are described in which the effects of dipping defrosted eviscerated
      poultry carcasses, for various periods, in acetic, lactic, succinic and citric
      acids, hypochlorite solution containing 200 ppm free Cl2 and in water at
      temperatures from 70 degrees C to 100 degrees C on the microbial flora were
      determined. 2. Hot (70 degrees C) water dipping for 2 min appeared to be the
      treatment most likely to succeed in reducing Staph. aureus, giving reductions of
      staphylococci of from 63 to greater than 99%, without completely eliminating
      other organisms. 3. A storage experiment showed this method to be relatively
      safe, provided the carcasses were refrigerated to less than 3 degrees C as soon
      as possible after treatment and held at this temperature until adequately cooked.

PMID- 166735
TI  - Mitochondrial granules in human osteoblasts with a reference to one case of
      osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - Electron-dense granules in mitochondria from prenatal human osteoblasts,
      postnatal human osteoblasts, and from osteoblasts derived from a child with
      osteogenesis imperfecta congenita are described. The mitochondrial granules were
      of about 600 A in diameter and were attached to the mitochondrial cristae.
      Sections of mitochondria from prenatal osteoblasts showed an average number of 10
      granuales per mitochondrial section, whereas sections of mitochondria of
      postnatal osteoblasts showed only occasionally 1-2 granules per mitochondrial
      section. Mitochondria from osteoblasts derived from the child with an untreated
      osteogenesis imperfecta congenita showed an average number of 10 granules per
      mitochondrial section.

PMID- 166734
TI  - The effects of ascorbic acid deficiency on calcium and collagen metabolism in
      cultured fetal rat bones.
AB  - The effects of ascorbic acid deficiency on growth and calcification of bone were
      studied in whole 18-day fetal rat radii and ulnae cultured in a chemically
      defined medium. Ascorbic acid deficiency decreased the formation of labeled
      hydroxyporline from labeled proline in both bone shafts and cartilage ends while
      incorporation of tryptophan was maintained. Dry weights and collagen content of
      bone and cartilage were decreased, but calcification was not affected. The
      optimun initial concentration of ascorbic acid for collagen synthesis was 200
      mug/ml. The effect of ascorbic acid was not antagonized by glucoascorbic acid or
      replaced by dithiothreitol. Decreased collagen synthesis in ascorbic acid
      deficiency could not be ascribed to loss of available peptidyl proline
      hydorxylase. Formation of underhydroxylated collagen and its release into the
      medium accounted for much of the decrease in hydroxylated collagen in ascorbic
      acid deficient bones. Nevertheless, the total newly synthesized collagen, as
      measured by collagenase digestion, was still decreased. Similar effects were
      exerted by alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl which also inhibited general protein
      synthesis. Ascorbic acid did not stimulate proline incorporation into collagen in
      the presence of alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl.

PMID- 166736
TI  - Relationship between RNA polymerase and protein kinase activities in rat mammary
      gland nuclei.
AB  - 1. Extracts from rat mammary gland nuclei contain cyclic AMP -independent protein
      kinases which phosphorylate casein rather than histone. 2. A major increase in
      nuclear protein kinase activity occurred during late pregnancy and was maintained
      with the onset of lactation. 3. Two major peaks of activity were resolved by
      chomatography of nuclear extracts on DEAE-Sephadex; the first (NI) appeared in
      the void volume and the second (NII) was eluted by 0.05-0.12 M ammonium sulfate.
      Several other regions of lesser activity were also present. 4. Protein kinases in
      the cytosol 105,000 times g supernatant, precipitated by 70 percent ammonium
      sulfate, dialyzed against buffer, and chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex, yielded a
      major components phosphorylated histone in preference to casein, and this was
      stimulated by cyclic AMP if histone was the substrate, but only the first (void
      volume) fraction was cyclic AMP-dependent when casein was used. 5. Most of RNA
      polymerases Ib and II, derived from the nucleolus and nucleoplasm, respectively,
      appeared in column fractions distinct from those containing the major NI and NII
      protein kinases. 6. Cyclic AMP altered the amount of RNA product synthesized by
      polymerases Ib and II, but the explanation for this is unknown. Due to their
      elution profiles and cyclic AMP-independence, protein kinases NI and NII are
      excluded from playing a catalytic role in these effects; participation of
      quantitatively minor protein kinases which co-elute with polymerase Ib and II is
      not yet excluded.

PMID- 166737
TI  - Effects of intraventricular injections of N-6,O-2-Dibutyryl adenosine 3,5
      monophosphate on the rat brain cholinergic system.
AB  - Intraventricular injections of dibutyryl cyclic AMP effected increases of
      acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex-striatal and subcortical regions. No
      increase in choline acetyltransferase activity was observed; however, there was a
      significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity in the subcortical region.

PMID- 166739
TI  - Electron microscopic findings of cells with inclusion bodies in experimental
      hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys.
AB  - The spleen, liver, bone marrow and intestines of two turkeys in which hemorrhagic
      enteritis of turkeys was experimentally reproduced were examined electron
      microscopically. Intranuclear inclusion bodies as described in a previous report
      were found in all the tissues examined. These occupied most of the area in
      affected nuclei and were composed of viral particles with morphological
      characteristics of an adenovirus. The cells with the inclusions were divided into
      two types of cells, immature and reticular cells. There was some variety in the
      stage of differentiation of the former cells. As the viral particles developed
      the cells degenerated and disintegrated. A few particles had been released into
      the cytoplasm of the degenerated cells but no particles were present in
      intercellular spaces.

PMID- 166740
TI  - Effect of pasteurization and evaporation on foot-and-mouth disease virus in whole
      milk from infected cows.
AB  - The effects of pasteurization and evaporation on foot-and-mouth disease virus in
      whole milk from infected cows obtained one day postinoculation were studied.
      Virus survived the heating of milk at high temperature-short time pasteurization
      at 75 degrees C for 15-17 seconds. In addition, virus from infected milk survived
      heating at 80 degrees C for the same time. Infective virus also survived in the
      pasteurized milk after evaporation at 65 degrees C to 50% of the original volume.
      The bovine udder was found to be highly susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease
      virus replication. Seven log10 plaque-forming units/ml of virus were recovered in
      whole milk 24 hours postinoculation, and decreasing titers were recovered for as
      long as seven days postinoculation.

PMID- 166741
TI  - Isolation of equine herpesvirus type 1 from a horse with an acute paralytic
      disease.
AB  - A Standardbred mare became paralyzed shortly after showing signs of an upper
      respiratory infection. The mare was euthanized and equine herpesvirus type 1 was
      isolated from the brain and spinal cord.

PMID- 166742
TI  - Unique immunobiological aspects of head and neck squamous carcinoma.
AB  - The immune reactivity of patients with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck
      region was compared with that of patients with squamous carcinoma of the female
      pelvic organs and patients with adenocarcinomas, melanomas, and sarcomas. The
      reactivity of patients with clinically localized tumors was compared with that of
      cured patients and a large normal population. Patients with squamous carcinomas
      of the head and neck region and female pelvic organs displayed higher incidences
      of impaired cellular immune competence than patients with malignancies of other
      histologic types. Among cured patients, those previously treated for squamous
      carcinoma were unique in that they displayed cellular immune defects and serum
      suppressants of in vitro immune reactivity similar to tumor-bearing patients.
      Antibodies to herpes simplex virus nonvirion antigen was found in high incidence
      only among patients with squamous carcinomas, and the incidences in tumor-bearing
      and cured patients were similar. The persisting immune defects in cured squamous
      carcinoma patients give importance to the determination of the role of genetic
      and environmental factors in the induction of these tumors. The associations made
      between herpes virus and squamous carcinoma offer an explanation for the defects
      and also an approach for the definition of the factors involved in squamous
      carcinogenesis. The findings are clinically relevant to the isolation of
      population groups at high risk for the development of squamous carcinoma, as a
      rational basis for the development of prophylactic measures, and as a basis for
      more effective therapeutic regimens.

PMID- 166738
TI  - Observations on abortions in cattle: a comparison of pathological,
      microbiological and immunological findings in aborted foetuses and foetuses
      collected at abattoirs.
AB  - Fifty nonaborted and 50 aborted bovine foetuses were examined utilizing
      histology, immunoelectrophoresis, bacteriology and the fluorescent antibody
      technique. Lesions were observed in 12 of the nonaborted foesuses and in four of
      these immunoglobulins were demonstrated. In addition, two of the nonaborted
      foetuses had immunoglobulins in the absence of observed lesions. Lesions were
      observed in 48 of the aborted foetuses and immunoglobulins were detected in 22 of
      these. An etiological diagnosis was arrived at in 24 of the 50 aborted foetuses.
      The tissues most frequently observed to have lesions of diagnostic significance
      were eyelid, intestine, liver, lung and placenta. Intestinal lesions were
      observed in several foetuses in association with a variety of agents including
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Foetuses diagnosed as aborting because of
      mycotic infection consistently displayed lesions in their eyelids. The value of
      taking eyelid sections in cases of suspected mycotic abortions, the significance
      of foetal intestinal lesions, the evaluation of abomasal aspirates and the
      diagnostic importance of immunoglobulin determinations in aborted foetuses are
      discussed.

PMID- 166743
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the larynx.
AB  - Adenocarcinomas make up less than one per cent of laryngeal malignancies.
      Nonspecific adenocarcinomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas comprise most of the
      glandular neoplasms. Adenoid cystic carcinoma has a slight preponderance in
      females, and often follows a long course similar to this tumor when it occurs in
      salivary glands. The nonspecific adenocarcinomas occur predominately in males and
      have a low survival with most patients dying within two years. Less common
      adenocarcinomas include oncocytoid carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and
      metastatic adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 166744
TI  - Treatment of adenocarcinomas of the larynx.

PMID- 166745
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the larynx.
AB  - Nine patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the larynx representing 0.1 per cent
      of 888 patients with primary laryngeal malignancy treated between 1955 and 1971
      are reported. Following surgical therapy, four patients are alive without disease
      and five patients are dead due to their disease. Survival time was not related to
      histopathologic type, stage of disease, or mode of therapy. We cautiously
      advocate the use of the most conservative surgery feasible as the primary
      treatment of this poorly understood and highly fatal disease.

PMID- 166746
TI  - Neurogenic tumors, granular cell tumor, and paraganglioma.

PMID- 166747
TI  - Unusual tumors of the larynx.

PMID- 166748
TI  - Comparative pharmacological studies on butriptyline and some related standard
      tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - Butriptyline was compared with imipramine and other tricyclic antidepressants for
      its ability to modify: (a) contractions of the cat nictitating membrane induced
      by noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), (b) the adrenergic neuron
      blocking action of guanethidine in the guinea pig vas deferns, (c) the rabbit's
      electroencephalogram (EEG) and physostigmine arousal, and (d) the sleep pattern
      of the rat. Imipramine and amitriptyline potentiated the NA and 5-HT effects on
      the nictitating membrane and antagonized the inhibitory actions of guanethidine
      in the guinea pig vas deferens, whereas iprindole and butriptyline were
      ineffective. These results are consistent with the ability of these drugs to
      block the neuronal uptake of catecholamines. Butriptyline was a potent blocker of
      the arousal reaction induced by physostigmine. Butriptyline (20--30 mg/kg) and
      amitriptyline (10--20 mg/kg) reduced rapid eye movement sleep with a conmitant
      increase in non-rapid eye movement sleep. This may be a reflection of the dual
      activity observed in the clinic with these compounds, namely, antidepressant and
      antianxiety effects.

PMID- 166749
TI  - Response of hepatic carbohydrate and cyclic AMP metabolism to cadmium treatment
      in rats.
AB  - Daily intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride (0.25 or 1 mg/kg) for 21 or
      45 days into rats significantly stimulated the activities of hepatic pyruvate
      carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase, and
      glucose-6-phosphatase, increased the concentrations of glucose and urea in the
      blood, and decreased the levels of glycogen in the liver. Whereas chronic cadmium
      treatment failed to alter adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase
      (phosphodiesterase) activity, the endogenous levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and the
      activity of basal- and fluoride-stimulated forms of hepatic adenylate cyclase
      (AC) were markedly increased in cadmium-injected animals. Treatment with the
      higher dose (1.0 mg/kg) of cadmium chloride for 45 days produced greater
      metabolic alterations in hepatic tissue than those seen with the lower dose (0.25
      mg/kg) given for a shorter period of time (21 days). Discontinuation of cadmium
      administration for 14 days in rats previously injected with cadmium chloride (1
      mg/kg per day) for 21 days, failed to reverse the observed changes in hepatic
      cAMP or carbohydrate metabolism. A similar persistence of metabolic alterations
      was noted in rats treated with cadmium (1 mg/kg per day) for 45 days and
      subsequently maintained without additional treatment for 28 days. Administration
      of an acute dose of cadmium chloride (60 mg/kg) decreased hepatic
      phosphodiesterase activity and glycogen content 1 h after the injection. In
      addition, acute cadmium exposure increased blood glucose, serum urea, and hepatic
      cAMP levels, and produced an augmentation of basal- and fluoride-activated AC.
      However, the activities of various hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes remained
      unaffected in animals given an acute dose of cadmium chloride (60 mg/kg). Data
      provide evidence that suggests that the gluconeogenic potential of liver is
      markedly enhanced following chronic exposure to cadmium and that the cadmium
      induced changes in carbohydrate metabolism may be associated with an enhanced
      synthesis of cAMP. In addition, the present study shows that the cadmium-induced
      metabolic alterations persist even after the cessation of cadmium treatment for a
      period of 28 days.

PMID- 166751
TI  - Conjunctival papillomas in norther Canadian natives.
AB  - Cases of conjunctival papilloma evaluated at a hospital that acts as a referral
      centre for native people (Indian and Inuit) from northern Alberta and the
      Northwest Territories were compared with those from other hospitals in the same
      region whose referral base is primarily non-native. When the data were
      standardized for population unitsof 100,000 the tumours appeared to be occurring
      with a greater frequency among lnuit of the Western Arctic. These findings are
      supported statistically, although it is possible that bias may have been
      introduced by the small number of cases and other related factors.

PMID- 166750
TI  - Further observations on the response of the glomerular filtration rate to
      glucagon: comparison with secretin.
AB  - Glucagon causes marked elevations of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs
      when administered intravenously (i.v.) in small doses. The associated natriuresis
      is thought to be entirely due to increments in the filtered sodium load. In this
      study, renal denervation, thyroparathyroidectomy, and blockade of cholinergic,
      alpha- and beta-adrenergic, dopaminergic and histaminergic receptors did not
      prevent the usual glucagon-induced elevations of GFR or rate of sodium excretion
      (UNaV). This effect of glucagon was not mediated through the release of cyclic
      AMP, or by plasma compositional changes of Ca-2+, K+, or amino acids. Pure
      porcine secretin, in doses of 5--10 mug/min delivered either i.v. or into the
      left renal artery did not alter GFR; clearance of the p-aminohippurate (CPAH) or
      UNaV in either hydropenic or saline-loaded dogs. Nor did this polypeptide,
      structurally very similar to glucagon, abolish the effect of glucagon on GFR. It
      did, however, partially inhibit the glucagon-induced natriuresis, presumably by
      preventing a previously undetected glucagon action on tubular reabsorption of
      sodium.

PMID- 166752
TI  - Diabetic hearts and biguanides.

PMID- 166753
TI  - [Letter: Duck virus enteritis. Case in Quebec of a pathological condition
      resembling duck plague].

PMID- 166754
TI  - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 81.
AB  - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella Type 81 has
      beeninvestigated. Methlylation analysis, uronic acid degradation, Smith
      degradation, andgraded acid hydrolysis were the principle methods used.
      Theanomeric nature of theglycosidic linkages was determined by characterization
      of fragments obtained from thevarious methods of degradation used. One of the L
      rhamnosidic linkages was notpresent in any of these fragments, but is assumed to
      be an alpha-linkage from consideerationsof optical-rotation data. These studies
      show that they polysaccharide consits  of thefollowing hexasaccharide repeating
      unit: yield2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1yields3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-yields4)-beta-D-GlcAP-(1
      yields2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-yields3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-yields3)-beta-D-Galp-(1-yields.

PMID- 166756
TI  - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 28.
AB  - The capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 28 has been studied by
      methylation analysis, a modified Smith-degradation procedure, and uronic acid
      degradation with subsequent oxidation and elimination of the substituents of the
      oxidized residue. The polysaccharide contained the hexasaccharide repeating-unit
      shown below. The terminal D-glucopyranose residue was hydrolysed by emulsin,
      indicating a beta linkage. The anomeric natures of other glycosidic linkages were
      determined by characterization of fragments obtained during the degradative
      studies. The D-galactopyranose residue was not present in any fragment, but is
      assumed to be alpha-linked from optical-rotation considerations. (see article)

PMID- 166755
TI  - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 59.
AB  - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 59 has been
      investigated by methylation analysis, a modified Smith-degradation procedure, and
      uronic acid degradation followed by oxidation and elimination of the substituents
      of the oxidized residue. The oligomeric fragments produced by these degradative
      procedures were isolated and characterized. O-Acetyl groups were identified and
      their position determined. The polysaccharide consists of the following
      pentasaccharide repeating-unit (dotted lines indicate that only some of the
      residues carry the O-acetyl substituent). See article.

PMID- 166757
TI  - Acyloxy neighboring-group participation in the acid-catalyzed cleavage of methyl
      2,3-anhydro-beta-D-ribofuranoside.
AB  - The reaction of methyl 2,3-anhydro-beta-D-ribofuranoside with hydrogen bromide in
      an acetic acid-acetic anhydride solution leads to the formation of methyl 2,3-di
      O-acetyl-5-bromo-5-deoxy-alpha,beta-D-xylofuranoside. Similar treatment of methyl
      2,3-anhydro-5-O-benzoyl-beta-D-robofuranoside provided methyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O
      benzoyl-5-bromo-5-deoxy-alpha,beta-D-xylofuranosides. The position of halogen
      substitution was ascertained by hydrogenolysis to the resultant 5-deoxy sugars,
      which were characterized by their n.m.r. spectra. Confirmation of the structural
      assignment for methyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzoyl-5-deoxy-alpha,beta-D-xylofuranoside
      was obtained by synthesis from 1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-xylofuranose. The
      formation of the 5-bromo derivatives under the reported conditions probably
      occurred through the intermediacy of the 3,5-acyloxonium ions. Similar
      conversions were observed when the starting compound was treated with hydrogen
      chloride, acetyl bromide, or acetyl chloride in acetic acid-acetic anhydride
      solutions.

PMID- 166758
TI  - [Plasma values of ACTH in various clinical conditions].

PMID- 166759
TI  - Vertebrate DNA polymerases.

PMID- 166760
TI  - In vitro polyoma DNA synthesis: self-annealing properties of short DNA chains.
AB  - Short DNA chains, isolated from in vitro pulse-labeled replicating polyoma DNA,
      exhibit some degree of self-complementarity (28% resistance to S1 nuclease after
      self-annealing to plateau levels). This level of self-annealing is not increased
      if short DNA chains present as free single-stranded DNA after extraction are
      included in the hybridization, excluding a selective loss of chains from one side
      of the growing fork and supporting a semi-discontinuous mode of chain growth.
      This mode also applies to restricted synthesis conditions under which a relative
      excess of short chains is made, since no increase in the self-annealing of such
      short chains is observed. The self-annealing that can be measured is higher for
      the faster sedimenting portion (46%) of the short DNA chains than for the slower
      sedimenting portion (18.5%), indicating that it is most likely due to
      contaminating continuously growing strands from the other side of the fork. High
      self-annealing values (up to 60%) are obtained if virus stocks generating
      defective DNA are used for infection. Restriction endonuclease (Hpall)
      characterization of such DNA shows evidence for the presence of multiple origins
      of replication. One of several possible mechanisms is discussed by which
      replicating defective DNA can generate self-complementary short chains despite a
      semi-discontinuous mode of replication.

PMID- 166761
TI  - Effect of a single treatment with the alkylating carcinogens dimethynitrosamine,
      diethylnitrosamine and methyl methanesulphonate, on liver regenerating after
      partial hepatectomy. I. Test for induction of liver carcinomas.
AB  - A  single injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), 12.0-15.6 mg-kg, given to 100 g
      female rats 24 h after partial hepatectomy, induced hepatocellular carcinoma. No
      animals receiving DMN without partial hepatectomy developed liver carcinomas.
      Previous evidence had suggested that the incidence of tumours was highest when
      DMN was administered during the wave of DNA replication which follows partial
      hepatectomy. The present experiments made this suggestive evidence statistically
      significant. A single treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced liver cell
      cancer when given to intact or to partially hepatectomised rats. No tumors
      developed when another alkylating carcinogen, methyl methanesulphonate (MMS), was
      administered after partial hepatectomy. The significance of these results in
      relation to the mechanism of initiation of carcinogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 166762
TI  - Effect of a single treatment with the alkylating carcinogens dimethylnitrosamine,
      diethylnitrosamine and methyl methanesulphonate, on liver regenerating after
      partial hepatectomy. II. Alkylation of DNA and inhibition of DNA replication.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to determine whether replication of alkylated DNA
      could be involved in the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma which results
      from a single administration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) given after partial
      hepatectomy. The incidence of tumours is higher when DMN is given during the wave
      of DNA synthesis induced by the operation than when given in the early
      prereplicative stage. Therefore the alkylation of DNA in the regenerating liver
      by DMN given at these times and the effect of DMN on DNA synthesis were
      investigated. The extent, duration and pattern of alkylation of DNA, including
      the formation of 0-6-methylguanine, were similar whether DMN was given in the
      early pre-replicative stage (6 h after the operation) or during the period of DNA
      synthesis (at 24 h). DMN given a 6 h very greatly reduced the wave of DNA
      replication which would otherwise have ensued. When given at 24 h, by which time
      DNA synthesis was already taking place, DMN reduced the rate of incorporation of
      (-3H)thymidine after 1-2 h delay. However, in neither case was DNA synthesis
      reduced to the level occurring in normal intact liver.  Treatment with
      diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at 6 h or at 24 h had a similar effect to DMN on the
      wave of DNA replication induced by partial hepatectomy. Methyl methanesulphonate
      (MMS given in the early pre-replicative stage delayed the wave of DNA synthesis
      by about 8 h, but when it did take place the extent of synthesis was as great as
      in untreated animals. When given during the period of DNA replication, MMS
      rapidly reduced the rate of synthesis. As in the case of the nitrosamines,
      synthesis was not reduced to the level occuring in normal intact animals. The
      difference from the nitrosamines lies in the nature of the alkylated bases formed
      in DNA. The fact that a single treatment with DMN induces cancer in partially
      hepatectomised animals but not in intact adult animals is not considered to be
      due to a gross difference in the nature of the alkylation of DNA. The experiments
      described support the concept that replication of DNA containing bases which are
      likely to mispair during replication may be necessary to 'fix' the lesion and
      thus cause a permanent inheritable change in the genetic material.

PMID- 166764
TI  - Cytomegalic inclusion disease with petechiae and thrombocytopenia at birth.

PMID- 166763
TI  - Effect of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate on the RNA and DNA synthesis and
      cell proliferation of rat hepatocytes in primary culture: a radioautographic
      study.
AB  - The effect of a 24-h treatment with various doses (from 1.5-10-minus 8 to 3.0-10
      minus 3 M) of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophospahte (cAMP) on morphometric
      parameters, [5--3H]uridine radioactivity concentration (URC), [methyl-
      3H]thymidine [Me--3H]-Tr) labelling index per hour (L.I./h) and per cent mitotic
      index (M.I.%) of young rat differentiated hepatocytes in primary tissue culture
      were investigated by morphometric and radioautographic methods. In such cells
      cAMP was found to induce: (1) a reduction of the apparent surface area (ASA) of
      total nucleoli, karyoplasm and cytoplasm; (2) significant increases in URC of all
      the subcellular compartments at all the dosages employed (only cAMP at 1.5-10
      minus 8 M did not change karyoplasmic and cytoplasmic URC values); (3) marked
      increments in [Me--3H]Tdr L.I./h and M.I.% from the lowest dose up to 1.5-10
      minus 4 M; at higher doses the L.I./h and M.I.% were less stimulated or
      approached control values. In cultured rat hepatocytes, adenosine-5'-phosphate
      (5'-AMP) (1.5-10-minus 4 M per 24 h) increased the karyoplasmic and total cell
      ASA, the lone total nucleolar URC and both the L.I./h and M.I.%. However, these
      metabolic effects were significantly less intense than those elicited by isomolar
      cAMP. Theophylline (Theo) (5.5-10-minus 5 M per 24 h) reduced the in vitro rat
      hepatocyte total nucleolar ASA but affected neither other morphometric nor any of
      the URC values. The same dose of Theo plus cAMP (1.5-10-minus M) had no
      morphometric effect but significantly increased the URC values of all primary rat
      hepatocyte compartments. Actinomycin D (DAct) (0.1 mug/ml per 24 h) plus cAMP
      (1.5-10-minus 4 M) decreased the cultured rat hepatocyte total nucleolar ASA but
      enlarged that of karyoplasm and cytoplasm and, further, markedly curtailed all
      the compartmental URC values. These data support the hypothesis that cAMP
      amplified the template activity of the liver chromatin and accelerates the flow
      of differentiated primary young rat hepatocytes into the various stages of the
      mitotic cell cycle.

PMID- 166765
TI  - [Influence of the oxidoreductive state on the kinetics of deuterium-hydrogen
      exchange in cytochrome c].

PMID- 166766
TI  - [Hyperlipemia induced in rabbits by intravenous injection of human serum
      orosomucoid (alpha 1 acid glycoprotein) in comparison with that induced by
      injection of crude papain].

PMID- 166767
TI  - [Different action of alpha-methyl-DOPA on sleep and labyrinth learning in 2
      inbred strains of mice].
AB  - In two inbred mice strains C 57 BR and C 57 BL/6 presenting the same type of
      sleep, but a different capacity of learning, Alpha-Methyl-Dopa (100 mg/kg)
      injected after every session, suppresses paradoxical sleep completely for 9 to 11
      h. Maze-learning performance is retarded in C 57 BR mice, but facilitated in C 57
      BL/6.

PMID- 166768
TI  - Acute subendocardial myocardial infarction in patients. Its detection by
      Technetium 99-m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams.
AB  - Eighty-eight patients admitted to a coronary care unit with chest pain of varying
      etiology but without ECG evidence of an acute transmural myocardial infarction
      had myocardial scintigrams using technetium-99m stannour pyrophosphate (99m-Tc
      PYP). Seventeen of these patients had ECG and enzymatic evidence suggestive of
      acute subendocardial myocardial infarction. In each of these the scintigrams were
      postivie demonstrating increased 99m-Tc-PYP uptake either in a faintly but
      diffusely positive pattern or in a well-localized strongly positive one. The
      remaining 71 patients did not evolve ECG or enzymatic evidence of acute
      myocardial infarction. In each of these patients the myocardial scintigram was
      negative. Thus 99m-Tc-PYP myocardial scintigrams are capable of identifying the
      presence of acute subendocardial myocardial infarction in patients. The absolute
      frequency with shich subendocardial myocardial infarction can be recognized
      utilizing this technique will have to be established in a larger number of
      patients in the future.

PMID- 166769
TI  - Possible identity between the hepatoma alkaline phosphatase and an isozyme of
      human amniotic membrane (FL cells).
AB  - The electrophoretically faster migrating alkaline phosphatase isozyme in FL cells
      derived from the human amniotic membrane was similar in some of the enzymatic and
      immunochemical properties to the variant alkaline phosphatase which occurs in
      serum and cancerous tissue of some patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. These
      facts suggest that the hepatoma-associated alkaline phosphatase may be the
      resurgence of the isozyme originally present in the amniotic membrane.

PMID- 166770
TI  - Serum lipid and lipoprotein profile in school children from a rural community.
AB  - In 447 school children 5--16 years old, in one community, serum lipid and
      lipoprotein levels were estimated, including total cholesterol, triglycerides,
      beta- and pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol, and
      the serum concentrations of beta-, pre-beta-, and alpha-lipoproteins. Mean serum
      cholesterol of the entire group was 188 mg/100 ml, and alpha-lipoprotein
      cholesterol constituted 68 mg/100 ml of this total. The levels of serum
      triglycerides (48.9 mg/100 ml) and pre-beta-lipoprotein (39.8 mg/100 ml) are low
      in children in comparison to adults. Except for pre-beta-lipoprotein levels,
      there was very little correlation between age and all lipids and lipoproteins in
      this age span. Slight differences in values were noted at certain age intervals,
      but there were no significant differences in values between sexes. These
      observations emphasize the need for evaluating lipid abnormalities in individual
      children by quantitating specific serum lipoproteins.

PMID- 166771
TI  - [Progress in the studies of growth hormone-releasing hormone].

PMID- 166773
TI  - [Malignant (eosiphilic) pituitary adenoma].

PMID- 166774
TI  - [Adrenal cortex function test using a synthetic ACTH -- a comparison between 1-18
      ACTH and 1-24 ACTH].

PMID- 166772
TI  - [Effect of subcutaneous injection of glucagon on secretion of anterior pituitary
      hormones].

PMID- 166775
TI  - Sexual precocity.

PMID- 166776
TI  - Delayed adolescence.
AB  - Delayed adolescence has several causes. Most frequent is the physiological or
      constitutional (hereditary) delay of growth and adolescence. This is a normal
      variation of growth and development, with growth, bone age and puberty retarded
      in a harmonious way. It carries a good prognosis with late but normal puberty and
      late catch-up growth leading to normal adult height. It manifests itself long
      before puberty by short stature and retarded bone age. True endocrine defects
      with permanent hypogonadism (hypothalamic-pituitary deficiency of the
      gonadotropinds and primary gonadal failure) are rare. Differential diagnosis
      before puberty is not always possible on clinical grounds alone. The most useful
      laboratory test consists of the LH-RH test. The i.v. injection of the recently
      introduced hypothalamic LH-releasing hormone, LH-RH, is followed by an age
      dependent increase of the plasma gonadotropinds LH and FSH. This test allows
      differentiation, before puberty, between constitutional delay of growth and
      adolescence with a normal response for bone age, true hypothalamic-pituitary
      insufficiency with no response, and primary gonadal failure with an increased
      response. True hypogonadism requires permanent sex hormone replacement therapy.
      Constitutional delay of growth and adolescence in boys may present a psychosocial
      indication for temporary hormone therapy with testosterone.

PMID- 166777
TI  - Changes in the gonadal and adrenal steroid patterns during puberty.

PMID- 166778
TI  - Thermal anomalies in ion distribution in rat kidney slices and in a model system.

PMID- 166779
TI  - Control of mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation. 11. Analysis of cell
      populations and metabolic events involved in cyclic AMP-mediated recovery of DNA
      synthesis suppressed by mitogens.

PMID- 166780
TI  - Breast examination: differential diagnosis of breast nodules.

PMID- 166781
TI  - Endocrine manipulation in the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 166782
TI  - Steroid activity of normal and neoplastic breast tissue.

PMID- 166783
TI  - Cosmetic surgery of the breast.

PMID- 166784
TI  - Metastatic malignancy of the hand.
AB  - Metastatic malignancies of the hand are infrequent and seldom initially diagnosed
      and often taken for infections. They usually occur at the late stage of
      metastatic generalization and indicate an ominous prognosis and justify surgical
      amputation. A case of metastasis to the distal phalanx of the left ring finger of
      a woman who had undergone radical mastectomy for breast cystosarcoma phylloides
      is reported. The evolution of this lesion, initially taken for a whitlow, lasted
      45 days and eventually was treated by amputation. A review of literature confirms
      the rarity of the lesion, and reveals the pathological, clinical and radiographic
      characteristics.

PMID- 166786
TI  - [Therapy of painful syndromes with electric stimulation (electroanalgesia)].

PMID- 166785
TI  - Pyrophosphate and diphosphonates in skeletal metabolism. Physiological, clinical
      and therapeutic aspects.
AB  - Pyrophosphate and diphosphonates produce striking results on calcium metabolism
      in experimental animals and man. Compounds containing P-O-P- bonds (e.g.
      inorganic pyrophosphate [PP-ii1 or P-C-P bonds (diphosponates) inhibit both the
      formation and dissolution of calcium phosphate crystals in vitro. PP-i may have a
      physiological function in regulating calcification and bone turnover, and
      obnormalities in its metabolism may occur in some human diseases notably
      hypophosphatasia and pseudogout. Diphosphonates inhibit ectopic calcification,
      and slow down resorption and bone turnover in several experimental systems in
      vivo. They have helped in studies of various aspects of the regulation of calcium
      metabolism. The diphosphonate, disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP)
      has been shown in clinical studies to be effective against ectopic calcification
      particularly in myositis ossificans progressiva and in disorders of increased
      bone resorption such as Paget's diseases and some types of osteoporosis. 
      99mTechnetium complexes of EHDP, PP-i and other polyphosphates have also recently
      been used successfully as bone scanning agents.

PMID- 166787
TI  - Guanidino compounds in rat organs.

PMID- 166788
TI  - Purification and properties of Moniezia cytochrome c550.

PMID- 166789
TI  - Variation in enzyme activities of the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
      relative to size and season.

PMID- 166790
TI  - Catabolic path of arginine and NAD regeneration in the parasite Fasciola
      hepatica.

PMID- 166791
TI  - [Phylogenetic study of hepatic microsomal glucokinases].

PMID- 166792
TI  - Steroidogenesis in Varanus adrenals in vitro.

PMID- 166793
TI  - On the subunit structure of seasonal isoezymes of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase from
      muscle of the Alaskan king crab Paralithodes camtschatica.

PMID- 166795
TI  - Leprosy--histopathologic aspects of nerve involvement.
AB  - The most striking single feature of the clinical manifestations of leprosy is the
      very wide range of appearances shown by the skin lesions. These include the
      vague, hypopigmented macules of indeterminate leprosy; the large, sharply defined
      hypopigmented anaesthetic lesions of tuberculoid leprosy; the nodules and diffuse
      infiltration of lepromatous leprosy; and a wide range of plaques and annular
      lesions of the intermediate (borderline or dimorphous) types of disease. From
      superficial appearances it would be impossible to say that these were
      manifestations of the same infection. Moreover, histologically there is a similar
      wide range of appearances, including minimal lymphocyte infiltration around the
      neurovascular bundles in indeterminate leprosy; epithelioid granulomata with
      Langhans' giant cells and virtually no bacilli to be seen in tuberculoid cases;
      and in lepromatous leprosy, histiocytic infiltration occupying the whole
      thickness of the dermis, with massive parasitisation by Mycobacterium leprae, of
      which there may be up to 10-9 per gram of tissue. Strain differences have been
      recognised, but appear not to be responsible for this remarkable range of
      manifestations; they are caused by variations in the soil, not in the seed.
      Leprosy is almost unique among infectious diseases in the importance that host
      factors play in its development. The different clinical appearances shown by
      different types of leprosy can be graded into a continuous series, forming a
      spectrum from the single or scanty lesions of tuberculoid leprosy to the total
      body involvement o lepromatous; and the patient with leprosy can indeed truly be
      said to wear his skin lesions like medals displaying his capacity to resist Myco.
      leprate. The histopathologic features of the developed disease have a similar
      spectrum, from an epithelioid granuloma to infiltration with histiocytes that are
      full of bacilli and are ultimately converted to foam cells (Virchow cells)...

PMID- 166794
TI  - Leoprosy- clinical aspectos of nerve involvement.
AB  - Leprosy is the cause of the commonest peripheral neuropathy. The predilection of
      Mycobacterium leprae for nerve tissue accounts for the clinical features that are
      most dreaded and most characteristic of the disease. Were it not for the
      progressive destruction of peripheral nerve trunks and the consequences of this,
      leprosy would largely remain a cutaneous condition of cosmetically unsightly
      hypopigmented or erythematous areas and aggregations of nodular thickenings. The
      neurologic damage in leprosy is confined to postganglionic changes. The central
      nervous system is protected, although rarely in experimental situations organisms
      have been reported in cerebral tissues.

PMID- 166797
TI  - Adenoviral pneumonia in a foal.
AB  - A three-week-old Arabian filly was admitted to the Large Animal Hospital with a
      respiratory disorder and died despite symptomatic treatment. The necropsy lesions
      were suggestive of viral pneumonia. An equine adenovirus were isolated from nasal
      and pharyngeal swabs and from several tissues after death. Typical adenovirus
      virions were demonstrated by electron microscopy.

PMID- 166796
TI  - Upper respiratory infection of lactating sows with transmissible gastroenteritis
      virus following contact exposure to infected piglets.
AB  - Ten breeding sows were left in direct contact with their newborn piglets that had
      been experimentally infected with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus. All
      sows became infected with the virus. The sows developed fever and showed mild
      clinical signs of the disease for a few days. The sows excreted virus in the
      nasal secretion, feces, and milk during the acute febrile phase of illness. Virus
      was isolated from the nasal secretion of one sow as early as 20 hours after
      contact exposure to the infected piglets. At necropsy, the virus was more
      frequently isolated from the tissues of the upper respiratory tract than from
      small intestines; this finding indicated that the TGE coronavirus replicated in
      the upper respiratory tract and induced an acute respiratory infection in
      susceptible adult swine. Neutralizing antibody was present in the sera 8 sows
      after 12 to 36 days during the convalescent period. From these results, we
      conclude that susceptible sows in direct contact with ill piglets can become
      infected and by excreting virus can serve as a source of TGE virus for other
      susceptible pigs on the premises.

PMID- 166798
TI  - Red cell enzymes.
AB  - As compared to other cells of the body, the mammalian red cell has one of the
      simplest structural organizations. As a result, this cell has been extensively
      used in studies involving the structure, function, and integrity of cell
      membranes as well as cytoplasmic events. Additionally, the metabolic activities
      of the red blood cell are also relatively simple. During the past quarter century
      or so, an ocean of knowledge has been gathered on various aspects of red cell
      metabolism and function. The fields of enzymes, hemoglobin, membrane, and
      metabolic products comprise the major portion of this knowledge. These advances
      have made valuable contributions to biochemistry and medicine. Despite these
      favorable aspects of this simple, anucleated cell, it must be conceded that our
      knowledge about the red cell is far from complete. We are still in the dark
      concerning the mechanism involved in several aspects of its membrane, hemoglobin,
      enzymes, and a large number of other constituents. For example, a large number of
      enzymes with known catalytic activity but with unknown function have eluded
      investigators despite active pursuit. This review will be a consolidation of our
      present knowledge of human red cell enzymes, with particular reference to their
      usefulness in the diagnosis and therapy of disease. Owing to the multitude of
      publications by prominent investigators on each of the approximately 50 enzymes
      discussed in this review, it was impossible to cite a majority of them.

PMID- 166799
TI  - Bacterial terminal oxidases.

PMID- 166800
TI  - Contraceptive steroid binding to the human uterine progesterone-receptor.
AB  - Using an equilibrium dialysis method, the competition was investigated between
      tritated-progesterone and a range of synthetic  steroids for binding to 20,000 g.
      supernatants of human uterine endometrium and myometrium. Both types of uterine
      tissue showed similar patterns of progestogen binding and probably contain
      similar, or even identical, progesterone receptors. The gonane progestogen
      norgestrel binds strongly to the uterine receptors, but only the d-isomer is
      active. All three pregnane progestogens used in this study (chlormadinone
      acetate, medroxprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate) also showed significant
      binding to receptors, but for the estrane progestogens, norethisterone was the
      only compound to show a high binding capacity. Other estranes (ethynodiol
      diacetate, lynestrenol, norethisterone acetate, norethynodrel) showed
      insignificant binding to the receptors and probably require prior metabolic
      activation to norethisterone before they can induce progestogenic effects.

PMID- 166801
TI  - A group home--hospital treatment model for severely disturbed adolescents.

PMID- 166802
TI  - Examples of adolescent group homes in alliance with larger institutions.
AB  - Use of the group home in combination with the services of larger institutions for
      disturbed adolescents has many treatment advantages if the home program is
      tailored to the specific needs of the youngsters served.

PMID- 166803
TI  - Perianal Paget's disease: report of two cases.
AB  - A patient with extensive perianal extra-mammary Paget's disease was treated by
      wide local excision of the perianal skin. No underlying associated adenocarcinoma
      was identified, and the patient is clinically free of disease five years after
      treatment. A second patient had a small focus of Paget's disease confined to a
      hemorrhoid. The necessity for histologic evaluation of all anal lesions is
      emphasized.

PMID- 166804
TI  - A pharmacological model of the pathophysioloyg of schizophrenia.
AB  - A pharmacological model of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia based upon
      receptor site theory has been presented. This model proposes that, like any
      neuronal function, schizophrenia is triggered by the action of a small molecule
      at a specific receptor site. This interaction elicits the abnormal behavior. The
      model permits analysis of all existing theories of the pathogenesis of
      schizophrenia and furthermore makes it possible to view the pathophysiologic
      implications of these theories. It also mkaes it possible to understand the
      mechanism of action of neuroleptic agents used in the treatment of schizophrenia,
      regardless of which theories of pathogenesis are valid.

PMID- 166805
TI  - [Photoformation of free radicals in the system bacteriochlorophyll--p
      benzoquinone].

PMID- 166806
TI  - [Detection of endonuclease activity in preparations of SV40 virus T antigen].

PMID- 166807
TI  - [Initial stages of reversible photooxidation of bacteriochlorophyll b].

PMID- 166808
TI  - [ATP synthesis connected with the functioning of membrane proton pumps at the
      octane/water interface].

PMID- 166809
TI  - [Nerve lesions following total hip replacement and other hip-joint operations].
AB  - Nerve lesions occurred in 17 patients who had undergone hip-joint operations
      (especially total replacement). The femoral nerve was most commonly affected,
      followed by sciatic and gluteal nerves, with combined pareses in six. As
      differential diagnosis from pseudoparesis is not always possible,
      electromyography should be performed in all cases. Stretching and/or squeezing
      are the most important causes. The operation results are significantly impaired
      by such  nerve lesions. However, long-term results are usually satisfactory in
      the majority of cases. Early diagnosis and treatment are important in ensuring
      good therapeutic results.

PMID- 166810
TI  - [Vitamin D therapy in the adult age].

PMID- 166811
TI  - [Diagnosis of growth hormone and ACTH deficiency in children].

PMID- 166812
TI  - [Diagnosis of growth hormone and ACTH deficiency in adults].

PMID- 166813
TI  - [Adrenal cortex function tests].

PMID- 166815
TI  - [Insulin secretion and its control].

PMID- 166814
TI  - [Hirsutism].

PMID- 166816
TI  - The management of nephroblastoma in Kenya.

PMID- 166817
TI  - [Specificity of changes of glycogen metabolism in the liver and blood in
      traumatic shock and acute blood loss].

PMID- 166818
TI  - A method for determination of the specific activity of receptor-bound human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
AB  - Precise knowledge of the specific activity (S.A., muc/mug) of the receptor bound
      radiolabelled hormone is required for study of the stoichiometry of peptide
      hormone-receptor interactios. A radioligand receptor assay using 131-I-hCG as
      tracer and transplantable mouse luteoma homogenates (Biol. Reprod. 8:550, 1973)
      as a source of receptor was used as a model to determine the specific activity of
      receptor bound 125-I-hCG. Progressive saturation of the gonadotropin receptor by
      125-I-hCG suggests the presence of a high affinity-low capacity binding event
      (saturating between 14 and 37 ng/100 mg homogenate) that does not distinguish
      between non-radioactive hCG and 125-I-hCG, and a low affinity-high capacity
      binding event (saturating between 240 and 270 ng/100 mg homogenate) that shows a
      preference for non-radioactive hCG over 125-I-hCG. Parallelism between bound 125
      I-hCG and non-radioactive hCG in terms of competition with tracer 131-I-hCG could
      only be demonstrated for the high affinity event.

PMID- 166819
TI  - Assay of lactogenic hormones using receptors isolated from rabbit liver.
AB  - Using 125-I-labelled ovine prolactin and receptors isolated from the livers of
      rabbits, a sensitive method has been developed suitable for the assay of ovine,
      bovine, porcine, human and rat prolactins. These hormones showed competitive
      displacement of 125-I-ovine prolactin which was in general agreement with their
      respective activities in the pigeon crop sac bioassay. Human and monkey growth
      hormones and human placental lactogen, which have marked prolactin-like actions
      on mammary tissue were also effective competitors. Non-primate growth hormones
      (ovine, bovine, equine and canine) which do not have prolactin-like activity gave
      little if any displacement as did human FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH and bovine insulin.
      Preparations of equine and canine prolactin of varying purity gave dose-response
      curves although their activity as competitors relative to ovine prolactin was
      poor and not related to their pigeon crop stimulating activity. This indicates
      species differences between prolactins in hormone-receptor interaction.
      Experiments with antiserum to human growth hormone have suggested an effective
      method of making the assay specific in species such as man in which prolactin is
      not the sole hormone with lactogenic activity.

PMID- 166820
TI  - The effect of LH on cyclic AMP and progesterone in rat ovaries in vivo.
AB  - LH injected into the abdominal vein of immature female rats increased ovarian
      cyclec AMP levels within 1 min, and the effect lasted at least 2 hr.  In PMS
      stimulated rats, a maximal effect on cyclic AMP levels was obtained with 5 mug of
      LH 10 min after injection.  Significant effects were obtained with as little as
      0.1 mug.  The minimum effective dose required to increase ovary cyclic AMP levels
      in proestrus rats was 0.05 mug of LH.  While 0.01 mug did not affect cyclic AMP
      levels, an increase in ovary progesterone was found.  In other experiments, the
      response of cyclis AMP to LH in vivo was greater in immature ovaries than in
      those from animals pretreated with PMS and hCG.  Small increases in cyclic AMP
      levels were also seen with FSH in PMS and PMS + hCG treated animals and with
      prostaglandin E2 and prolactin in PMS treated rats.  These results parallel, to
      some extent, previous results found in vitro, and show that very small doses of
      LH can stimulate ovary cyclic AMP increases in vivo.

PMID- 166821
TI  - Antiestrogen action in the uterus: biological ineffectiveness of nuclear bound
      estradiol after antiestrogen.
AB  - These studies attempt to analyze the basis of the estrogenic and antiestrogenic
      action of three nonsteroidal clomophene-type compounds as monitored by their
      ability to bind to immature rat uterine cytoplasmic estrogen receptor, transfer
      receptor sites to the nucleus, and elicit estrogenic responses (increased uterine
      weight and induction of the synthesis of a specific uterine protein, called
      induced protein, or "IP"), and by their ability to antagonize the effects of
      estradiol on these receptor interactions and uterine responses. Both CI-628 (CI)
      and U-11, 100A (UA) [50 mug] elicit slight IP induction at 1-2 hand give
      pronounced uterine weight increases at 24 h but feeble increases at 72 h (3
      single daily injections). Both bind to cytosol, and effect the transfer of
      receptor sites to the nucleus, which may account for the estrogenicity of these
      compounds. Both CI and UA give rapid (by 2-4 h), prolonged (for over 24 h), and
      complete blockage of estradiol-stimulated treatment abolishes short-term
      estradiol-stimulated uterine weight increase and antagonizes the 72 h estradiol
      stimulated uterine weight response to the level attributable to the antiestrogen
      alone. MER-25, at the same dose (50 mug), had no estrogenic or antiestrogenic
      activity. Both CI and UA rapidly deplete the cytoplasmic estrogen binding
      capacity, reducing it to barely detectable levels for 24-42 h. Although during
      this period, no IP or uterine wet weight response can be elicited by estradiol,
      administration of saturating levels of [3H]estradiol in vivo or in vitro results
      in the appearance of considerable [3H]estradiol in the nucleus, bound to a
      macromolecule sedimenting identically with that of the nuclear receptor-estradiol
      complex (5.5S) formed in the absence of prior antiestrogen exposure. Hence, the
      estradiol which becomes bound in the nucleus after antiestrogen is biologically
      ineffective. The return of IP responsiveness after antiestrogen correlates well
      with the level of cytoplasmic receptor capable of translocation to the nucleus,
      and not with the nuclear estradiol uptake capacity, Presumably, then, the
      antiestrogenic action of CI and UA results from their depletion of cytoplasmic
      receptor sites and not from their ability to block specific estradiol-nuclear
      receptor binding per se. These studies indicate that one should be cautious in
      assuming that the magnitude of an estrogen response is necessarily related to the
      level of estrogen receptor complex in the nucleus.

PMID- 166822
TI  - Stimulation of division of Y1 adrenal cells by a growth factor isolated from
      bovine pituitary glands.
AB  - The effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) on the initiation of DNA synthesis
      and on the rate of division of the Y1 adrenal cell line has been investigated. In
      sparse populations of Y1 cells (4 times 10- minus 3 cells/cm2) maintained in 0.2
      percent calf serum, FGF was able to initiate DNA synthesis to the same extent
      that an optimal concentration of serum could. Cells maintained in 0.2 percent
      calf serum sustained continuous growth when given 5 ng/ml of FGF daily. Cultures
      fixed and stained with crystal violet showed FGF colonies to be of equivalent
      size and quantity as those with serum alone. Insulin had no mitogenic activity of
      its own at concentrations as high as 500 ng/ml nor did it have any potentiating
      effect on the mitogenic activity of FGF. Glucocorticoids (0.1 mug/ml to 1 mug/ml)
      inhibited (25 percent) the initiation of DNA synthesis as well as the rate of
      division induced by FGF. ACTH (0.75 IU/ml) was clearly inhibitory. Not only did
      it reduce the rate of division of cells in serum but it also reduced the rate of
      DNA synthesis and inhibited division in the presence of FGF.

PMID- 166823
TI  - The effect of LH/FSH, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and prostaglandins on the production
      of estrogens by rabbit granulosa cells in vitro.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of trophic hormones on the
      production of estrogens by rabbit granulosa cells. A pure population of these
      cells was isolated from preovulatory follicles (1-15 mm in diameter) of estrous
      rabbits, and cultured for 6 days with either one or a combination of the
      following hormones: androstenedione, Pergonal (LH/FSH), dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      (Bu2cAMP), prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The
      medium was collected every 2 days and progesterone (P), estrone (E1) and
      estradiol-17 beta (E2beta) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Granulosa cells
      cultured as controls (i.e., without exogenous trophic hormones) secreted P
      spontaneously and its secretion was stimulated 100 to 1,000 fold with LH/FSH and
      Bu2cAMP, but not with PGF2alpha or PGE2. Androstenedione, either alone or with
      trophic hormones had no apparent effect on the cytology of the granulosa cells or
      their ability to secrete P. In the absence of exogenous androstenedione, the
      cultures produced very small amounts of E1 or E2beta (smaller than 100 pg/ml),
      either spontaneously or in response to LH/FSH, B12cAMP, PGF2alpha, or PGE2.
      Incubating granulosa cells with exogenous androstenedione (1 mug/ml) resulted in
      a 30- to 150-fold increase in E2beta production, which was stimulated an
      additional 3- to 5-fold with LH/FSH and Bu2cAMP, but not with PGF2alpha or PGE2.
      In most cultures, E2beta production was restricted to the first 2 days in vitro.
      Bu2cAMP, however, maintained E2beta production at relatively high levels
      throughout the duration of the experiment, but there was a progressive decrease
      in its production. The production of E1 was only 5 percent of E2beta, but the
      pattern of secretion was similar for both estrogens. These results suggest that
      cyclic AMP could have a role in regulating the synthesis of estrogens by rabbit
      granulosa cells.

PMID- 166824
TI  - Comparison of the binding of human chorionic gonadotropin to isolated bovine
      luteal cells and bovine luteal plasma membranes.
AB  - The specific binding of [125-I]iodohCG to intact luteal cells obtained from
      bovine corpus luteum by enzymatic treatment, or to purified plasma membranes
      obtained from bovine corpus luteum has been compared. It was a saturable process
      with respect to the [125-]iodohCG concentration. Specific binding could be
      detected at concentrations as low as 1.8 ng of HCG per ml and saturation achieved
      at 92 ng/ml. The [125-I]iodohCG specifically bound to the luteal cells or to the
      plasma membranes was displaced by increasing concentrations of native hCG.
      Subunits hCGalpha and beta had respectively 200- and 800-fold less activity than
      hCG. Four to 10 times more ovine LH than hCG was required to displace an
      identical amount of bound [125-I]iodohCG. The binding of hCG to its receptor site
      was a function of time and temperature. The affinity of hCG for its receptor
      sites in luteal cells or plasma membranes of luteal cells was similar
      (dissociation constants of 5.3 and 3.8 times 10- minus 10 M, respectively). The
      number of sites per luteal cell was 5 times 10-4 and the capacity of plasma
      membranes to bind hCG was 140 fmol per mg of protein at saturation. The data does
      not, however, allow a comparison between the number of binding sites in the two
      preparations. It is concluded that the enzymatic treatment necessary to obtain a
      suspension of viable luteal cells does not affect the kinetic characteristics of
      the binding of hCG to receptor sites since they are similar to those of plasma
      membranes not treated with proteolytic enzymes.

PMID- 166825
TI  - The mechanism of ACTH stimulation of adrenal ornithine decarboxylase activity.
AB  - The mechanism of action of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation of rat adrenal
      orticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation of rat adrenal ornithine decarboxylase activity
      was investigated. ACTH induction or ornithine decarboxylase activity was not
      prevented by administration of drugs that inhibit adrenal steroid biosynthesis. A
      dose of ACTH that produced maximal levels of adrenal cyclic AMP did not induce
      ornthine decarboxylase activity. Ovine growth hormone, which caused no increase
      in adrenal cyclic AMP, stimulated adrenal ornithine decarboxyase activity. These
      observations suggest that the increase in adrenal ornithine decarboxylase
      activity stimulated by ACTH is not dependent upon steroidogenesis, nor is it
      dependent on the early peak of cyclic AMP, although it  may be influenced by the
      sustained levels of tissue cyclic AMP that follow the administration of large
      doses of ACTH. Furthermore, it appears there may be a pathway of ornithine
      decarboxylase activation in the adrenal which is entirely independent of cyclic
      AMP mediation. The effects of hypophysectomy on adrenal ornithine decarboxylase
      response to ACTH were examined. In rats given ACTH 16 h after hypophysectomy, the
      increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity was delayed when compared with the
      response in animals given ACTH 1 h after hypophysectomy. Actinomycin D given
      during the first 3 h after ACTH in the 16 h hypophysectomized rat abolished the
      expected increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity. Thereafter, a progressive
      increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity was observed as the interval between
      ACTH and Actinomycin D administration was further increased. In contrast,
      Actinomycin D administered 15 min before ACTH in the 1 h hypophysectomized  rat
      had no effect on the subsequent increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity, and
      actually progressively enhanced the response the longer its administration after
      ACTH was delayed. Cycloheximide abolished the response to ACTH in both the 1 h
      and the 16 h hypophysectomized rat. Thus, it appears that ACTH stimulates a post
      transcriptional mechanism regulating ornithine decarboxylase activity in the
      acutely hypophysectomized animal, whereas, in the chronically hypophysectomized
      rat, ACTH must first stimulate transcription of new messenger RNA which is
      involved in regulation of adrenal ornithine decarboxylase synthesis.

PMID- 166826
TI  - Relation between thyroid iodine content and the accumulation and oxidation of [35
      S] Methimazole in the rat.
AB  - The thyroid accumulation and oxidation of a single intraperitoneal dose of [35-S]
      methimazole has been studied in iodine-deficient, normal and iodine-treated rats.
      A highly significant positive linear correlation was found between the thyroid
      oxidation of methimazole to sulfate and intrathyroidal iodine content. A single
      dose of potassium iodide given intraperitoneally (ip) to rats 1 h before
      administration of [35-S] methimazole (1 mg/kg ip) increased the thyroid
      accumulation and oxidation of methimazole. Conversely, the thyroids of rats
      maintained on a low iodine diet for 21 days showed a markedly reduced capacity to
      accumulate and oxidize methimazole. The level of oxidation found in the iodine
      deficient, normal and iodide-treated groups was 0.21, 4.15 and 12.6 nmol
      sulfate/g thyroid respectively. The animals maintained on the low iodine diet for
      21 days showed significant increases in thyroid weight and thus the decrease in
      methimazole oxidation occurred in spite of increased stimulation by endogenous
      TSH. These results show that the intrathyroidal iodine content is a critical
      factor in the metabolism of methimazole in the thyroid.

PMID- 166827
TI  - Effects of TSH on iodide transport by mouse thyroid lobes in vitro.
AB  - Thyroidal iodide concentration by in vitro mouse thyroid lobes was studied by
      determining the equilibrium tissue/medium iodide, concentration ratio (T/M[I-]),
      THYROIDAL I- influx, and thyroidal I-efflux in the presence and absence of ClO4-.
      Chronic thyroid stimulation by low dietary iodine increased the T/M[I-], and the
      increase was linearly related to I- influx. There was no difference in efflux
      rate when animals fed low and high iodine diets were compared, although the
      efflux with C104- added to block influx was increased by low iodine diet.
      Addition of TSH in vitro caused a delayed fall in T/M[I-] with a similar TSH
      concentration-dependence as colloid droplet formation. The TSH effect was
      mimicked by exogenous cyclic AMP but could be dissociated from stimulation of
      hormone release by colchicine. Thyroidal I- efflux was increased up to 20-fold by
      C104-. In the presence of C104- short-term and equilibrium-labeled I- exited at
      the same rate, but in the absence of C104- short-term-labeled I- efflux was
      consistently higher. The TSH-induced fall in T/M I- could be accounted for by
      increased iodide efflux. As TSH also increased efflux when influx was blocked by
      C104-, the TSH effect would seem due to an increased intrinsic follicular
      leakiness.

PMID- 166828
TI  - Effects of lithium on vasopressin-dependent cyclic AMP in rat renal medulla.
AB  - A vasopressin resistant urinary concentrating defect has been described in
      patients receiving lithium salt for affective disorders. For the pathogenic
      mechanism of the concentrating defect it has been postulated that lithium
      inhibits the vasopressin-dependent cyclic AMP system. However, the results of
      indirect studies on the lithium effect are equivocal. Therefore, the effect of
      lithium specifically on the vasopressin-dependent cyclic AMP system was
      investigated in rat renal medulla. The increase of cyclic AMP concentration by
      vasopressin was inhibited by lithium. But lithium had no effect on the PTH
      dependent cyclic AMP concentration in renal cortical slices. Regardless of
      magnesium concentrations from 0-10 mM in the incubation media, 10 mM lithium had
      no moeasurable effect on the vasopressin-dependent adenylate cyclase of rat renal
      medulla. However, 10 mM lithium augmented the cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase
      activity in renal medulla in the high Km system. These results suggest that
      lithium inhibits the vasopressin-dependent cyclic AMP concentration in renal
      medulla via the augmentation of its catabolism, rather than via the inhibition of
      cyclic AMP generation.

PMID- 166829
TI  - New evidence for an acute role of protein kinase in hCG action.
AB  - The present experiments were designed to study whether exogenous hCG could elicit
      acute changes in the ovarian concentration of soluble cAMP-dependent protein
      kinases temporally related to binding of hCG and intracellular accumulation of
      cAMP. Cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase activity decreased five-fold within 5
      to 30 min after intravenous administration of highly purified hCG to
      pseudopregnant rats. Moreover cAMP dependent protein kinase activity was totally
      suppressed with 0.5 IU hCG, whereas tissue concentration of cAMP continued to
      increase throughout the dose range (0.05-5.0 IU) of hCG used in the present
      studies. A marked fall in cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity had occurred
      before there was a significant change in intracellular accumulation of cAMP,
      possibly reflecting intracellular compartmentalization of cAMP. Inhibitors of
      protein did not affect the hCG-induced changes in tissue concentrations of cAMP
      and soluble cAMP dependent protein kinase activity but did suppress the recovery
      of cAMP dependent protein kinase activity to pretreatment levels. Cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinases appear to play a significant role in mediating hormonal
      action in vivo. In addition the present studies suggest that, protein kinases may
      protect the cell from excessive hormonal stimulation.

PMID- 166830
TI  - Relationship between ACTH release and corticosterone binding by the receptor
      sites of the adenohypophysis and dorsal hippocampus following infusion of
      corticosterone at a constant rate in the adrenalectomized rat.
AB  - The amount of corticosterone bound to proteins in the adenohypophysis and dorsal
      hippocampus was studied concurrently with the plasma ACTH concentration in 4-week
      adrenalectomized male rats under steady-state conditions achieved by infusing the
      steroid at a constant rate for 45 min. Corticosterone binding was measured by gel
      chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, using a TE buffer containing 0.4 m NaCl. No
      saturation was observed in whole homogenates and supernatants with increasing
      plasma corticosterone concentrations. However, corticosterone binding by the
      pituitary and by one of two types of hippocampal receptors evidenced saturation
      within our range of corticosterone infusion rates, indeed. Scatchard  plots
      allowed us to distinguish two types of binding sites in the hippocampus. The
      first, saturated at a low corticosterone concentration has an association
      constant of 3.0 times 10-8 M-1 with a number of binding sites estimated at 150
      times 10- minus 15 mol/mg protein, whereas the second is associated with non
      specific binding. The adenohypophysis shows only one kind of binding site with an
      association constant of 3.6 times 10-8 m- minus 1 and a number of sites estimated
      at 989 times 10- minus 15 mol/mg protein. A suggestive relationship was observed
      between ACTH inhibition by corticosterone and saturation of the pituitary binding
      sites. Our data are consistent with the possible involvement of corticosterone
      binding by specific sites in the negative feedback regulation of ACTH release.

PMID- 166831
TI  - Inhibition of anterior pituitary estrogen-receptor complex formation by low
      affinity interaction with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone.
AB  - A possible role for 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone in the anterior pituitary of the
      rat has been investigated by determining the  influence of this androgen upon the
      binding 17beta-estrasiol to its cytoplasmic receptor. Under equilibrium binding
      conditions, both testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone are very poor
      competitors for the estrogen binding sites, as compared to estrogenic compounds.
      5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone, however, inhibits the initial rate of formation of
      the estradiol-receptor complex in a concentration-dependent manner. Steroidal
      specificity of this incubation is indicated by the failure of progesterone to
      elicit the same effect. The androgen inhibition appears to involve low-affinity
      interaction with the estrogen receptor, since no high-affinity binding of 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone could be detected. Kinetic analysis indicated that the
      inhibition is competitive, involving interaction at the estrogen-binding site of
      the receptor.

PMID- 166832
TI  - Binding of glycyrrhetinic acid to kidney mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid
      receptors.
AB  - Whether the mineralocorticoid effect of glycyrrhetinic acid is mediated by the
      adrenal glands or is due to a direct action on the renal tubule remains
      controversial. The affinity of glycyrrhetinic acid for mineralocorticoid
      receptors has been studied by several types of competition experiments. When rat
      kidney slices were incubated with 2 times 10- minus 9 M [3H]aldosterone,
      glycyrrhetinic acid (2 times 10- minus 5 M) was able to compete with aldosterone
      for the cytosolic receptor and to decrease the formation of a chromatin-[3Hi1
      aldosterone-receptor complex. In cytosol, in vitro, 6 times 10- minus 4 M
      glycyrrhetinic acid was able to inhibit aldosterone binding by 70 percent,
      whereas the same dose produced only a 20 percent inhibition of  dexamethasone
      binding. The apparent KDiss of glycyrrhetinic acid for the mineralocorticoid
      receptor was 2 times 10- minus 6 M. That glycyrrhetinic acid appeared to compete
      mainly with mineralocorticoid receptors was confirmed by sedimentation in the
      sucrose gradients: [3H]Aldosterone specifically bound to an 8 S peak was
      displaced by 5 times 10- minus 5 M glycyrrhetinic acid, whereas the
      [3H]dexamethasone peak was not affected by this compound. Glycyrrhizic acid
      showed no significant affinity for mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid kidney
      receptor sites. Glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid had no affinity  for
      rat cortisol binding globulin. Glycyrrhetinic acid has a low but definite
      affinity for mineralocorticoid receptors and thus appears to have a direct
      mineralocorticoid action. The low affinity of this compound for mineralocorticoid
      receptors is in good agreement with the very high doses required to exhibit its
      biological activity.

PMID- 166833
TI  - Antiandrogenic effect of spirolactones: mechanism of action.
AB  - Spirolactones are aldosterone antagonists which inhibit the binding of
      aldosterone to the renal mineralocorticoid receptor. These molecules also possess
      an antiandrogenic effect which could be due, among other possibilities, to a 
      peripheral antagonism of androgens. This hypothesis has been tested in the
      present study. From in vivo experiments, spironolactone K+ canrenoate appear to
      inhibit the binding of [3H]5alpha-dihydrotestosterone [3H]DHT to the cytosolic
      and nuclear receptor of the rat ventral prostate. The doses used are in the same
      range as those used for demonstrating the antimineralocorticoid effect of these
      molecules. In vitro incubations and in vitro displacement studies show that
      spironolactone and K+ canrenoate are respectively about 20 and 100 times less
      effective than DHT in displacing 50 percent of 5 times 10- minus 10 M [3H]DHT
      from its receptor. Spirolactones are also able to compete with [3H]DHT for the
      specific 8 S cytosolic receptor. Neither spironolactone nor K+ canrenoate
      decreases prostatic 5alpha-reductase activity, even at a concentration as high as
      10- minus 5 M. It seems likely that spirolactones, besides their action on
      testosterone biosynthesis, exert their antiandrogenic activity via a peripheral
      androgen antagonism.

PMID- 166834
TI  - Modulation by thyroid hormones of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor concentrations in
      reproductive tissues of the rat.
AB  - The influence of induced variations in circulating levels of thyroid hormones
      upon the estrogen receptor content of rat uterine, anterior pituitary and
      hypothalamic cytosol fractions has been investigated. Sucrose gradient
      centrifugation analyses showed no observable effects of thyroidectomy or acute
      induced hyperthyroidism upon receptor levels in uterus hypothalamus of
      ovariectomized rats, but an apparent positive thyroidal influence upon anterior
      pituitary receptor content. Qualitatively, the receptor complex sedimentation
      coefficients were unaltered. Binding assays showed that thyroid hormone
      administration to the ovariectomized rat resulted in a marked increase in
      pituitary receptor content, whereas the same treatment had no significant effect
      on the pituitary receptor level of the intact animal. Conversely, a marked fall
      in uterine receptor content was found in thyroxine-treated intact, but not
      castrate, animals. The changes in measurable receptor levels could not be
      attributed to competition for estrogen binding sites by thyroxine or
      triiodothyronine. Pituitary receptor content of ovariectomized rats was studied
      following administration of varying levels of thyroxine; 5 mug/day significantly
      depressed receptor levels, while enhancement of binding capacity was occasioned
      by levels of thyroxine ewual to or greather than 25 mug/day. The hypothalamus was
      completely unaffected by similar treatment and the uterus responded with
      decreased receptor level only at the highest dosage used. Thyroxine replacement
      reversed the decrease in anterior pituitary receptor concentration detectable
      following thyroidectomy. The effect of the thyroid hormones on the pituitary
      receptor content was not a result of changes in the capability of the tissue to
      respond to estrogen-induced synthesis of receptor.

PMID- 166835
TI  - Premature regression of corpora lutea in pseudopregnant rabbits following the
      removal of polydimethylsiloxane capsules containing 17 beta-estradiol.
AB  - 17-beta-Estradiol, which is luteotropic in rabbits, was administered during
      pseudopregnancy via polydimethylsiloxane (Silastic) implants to determine the
      effects on serum progesterone concentrations. Implants which released estradiol
      at a rate of approximately 2 mug/day were place beneath the skin the day after
      sterile mating and ovulation (day 0). Blood (3 ml) was obtained from the marginal
      ear vein on days 3, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Serum estradiol levels, determined by
      radioimmunoassay, were 2- to 3-fold higher in estradiol-treated rabbits (11.7
      plus or minus 1.2 pg/ml) than in untreated pseudopregnant controls (5.9 plus or
      minus 1.4 pg/ml). Weights of corpora lutea in treated and control rabbits were
      not different at the conclusion of the experiment on day 12. Serum progesterone
      concentrations, also determined by radioimmunoassay, were not significantly
      different between treated and control animals. However, when estradiol implants
      were removed from other rabbits on day 10, a rapid decline in serum progesterone
      occurred, from 14.0 plus or minus 2.4 to 2.6 plus or minus 0.8 ng/ml 24 h later.
      By comparison, serum progesterone concentrations in rabbits with estradiol
      implants left in place and in untreated rabbits on day 12 were similar  (similar
      to 12 ng/ml). The premature decline in serum progesterone was accompanied by a
      decrease in the wet weight of corpora lutea. Other experiments revealed: 1) a
      precipitous fall in serum estradiol to basal values within 2 h after estradiol
      implants were removed, preceding the decline in serum progesterone by
      approximately 6 to 10 h; 2) reduced levels of estradiol in ovarian venous blood,
      but elevated levels of estradiol in peripheral arterial blood of rabbits with
      estradiol impants. The inability to elevated estradiol to increase serum
      progesterone or weights of corpora litea suggests that the luteotropic effect is
      maximal when estradiol is present at physiological concentrations. Following the
      continuous administration of estradiol, ovarian secretion of estradiol appears
      diminished and the corpora lutea become dependent upon the exogenous estradiol
      for luteotropic support. Although the ovaries continue to release measureable
      quantities of estradiol, this is inmeasurable quantities of estradiol, this is
      insufficient to prevent regression of corpora lutea when exogenous estradiol is
      rapidly withdrawn from the circulation.

PMID- 166836
TI  - The effects of macrophages isolated from the lungs of guinea pigs dusted with
      silica on collagen biosynthesis by guinea pig fibroblasts in cell culture.

PMID- 166837
TI  - Chromosome analysis of lymphocytes from cadmium workers and Itai-itai patients.

PMID- 166838
TI  - Influence of ionic strength of incubation medium on the release of some enzymes
      from rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - Influence of ionic strength of incubation medium on the release of adenylate
      kinase (AK), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)
      from intact and injured rat liver mitochondria has been studied. It has been
      found that raised ionic strength (mu equal 0.16-0.32) has increased the release
      of GDH and AK activities - IDH to a lesser degree - for mitochondrial
      preparations only with damaged inner membrane. Treatment of mitochondria with
      potassium chloride solution of definite ionic strength has permitted to detect
      the alteration of these organelles occurring in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 166839
TI  - The effect of dietary rape-seed oil on cholesterol-ester metabolism and
      cholesterol-ester-hydrolase activity in the rat adrenal.
AB  - The effects of stock diet and stock diet supplemented by olive oil and rape seed
      on rat adrenal cholesterol ester metabolism have been studied. Rats fed rape seed
      oil failed to gain weight at the same rate as rats fed olive oil. A prominent
      feature of the rats fed rape seed oil was an accumulation of high concentrations
      of cholesterol erucate in the adrenal lipid droplets. When these rats were
      subjected to an ether stress no percentage decrease in the amount of cholesterol
      erucate was observed. Adrenal cholesterol ester hydrolase activity was higher in
      rats fed the olive oil and rape seed oil diets than rats fed the stock diet. In
      rats fed stock or olive oil diets, a ten-minute ether anaesthesia stress resulted
      in a two-fold increase in activity of adrenal cholesterol ester hydrolase.
      Cofactor addition of ATP, cyclic AMP and MgCl-2 in vitro resulted in a
      stimulation of cholesterol ester hydrolase to a similar activity in both
      quiescent and ether-stressed rats. By contrast rats fed the rape seed oil diet
      gave no significant stimulation of cholesterol ester hydrolase activity when
      given an ether stress or when cofactors were added in vitro. Cholesterol erucate
      was hydrolysed at only 25% to 30% of the rate of cholesterol oleate in vitro in
      all groups of animals. Oleic acid added in vitro gave an inhibition of
      cholesterol ester hydrolase activity in rats fed stock diet while erucic acid
      activated the enzyme. The accumulation of cholesterol erucate in the adrenal when
      rats are fed rape seed oil could be due to the reduced ability of cholesterol
      ester hydrolase to hydrolyse this ester.

PMID- 166841
TI  - Modification of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast by proteolytic
      cleavage and properties of the trypsin-modified enzyme.
AB  - Earlier studies have shown that native phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's
      yeast contains two different kinds of subunits, alpha of molecular weight 73000
      and beta of molecular weight 63000. The enzyme is an asymmetric tetramer alpha
      2beta-2, which binds two moles of each ligand per mole. Incubation of the
      purified enzyme with trypsin results in an irreversible conversion: the alpha
      subunit remains apparently unchanged but beta is rapidly degraded and yields a
      lighter species beta of molecular weight 41000. The trypsin-modified enzyme is an
      alpha-2beta-2 molecule which can still activate phenylalanine but cannot transfer
      it to tRNA-Phe; furthermore it does not bind tRNA-Phe but its kinetic parameters
      are identical to those of the native enzyme with respect to ATP and
      phenylalanine. Therefore the two beta subunits play a critical part in tRNA
      binding. Isolated alpha or beta subunits exhibit no significant activity and both
      types of subunit seem to be required for phenylalanine activation.

PMID- 166840
TI  - Control of pyrimidine biosynthesis in the perfused liver. Feedback inhibition of
      glutamine-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase.
AB  - The site of feedback inhibition of the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides de
      novo was investigated in the isolated perfused rat liver. Hepatic uridine
      phosphate contents were specifically depleted by use of D-galactosamine. The
      effective activities of enzymes involved in the synthetic pathway were deduced
      from the rats of incorporation of labeled precursors into the acid-soluble uracil
      nucleotide pool and into some intermediates of the pathway. The labeling of
      hepatic urea was also monitored. When the uridine phosphate contents were less
      than 20% of controls, the incorporation of [14-C]-bicarbonate was stimulated
      about 20-fold. Label from [U-14C]oxaloacetate used as permeable precursor of
      intrace-lular aspartate was introduced into the uridylates to the same extent in
      normal and UTP-depleted livers. Similar results were obtained with labeled
      carbamoyl phosphate although the uptake of this compound by the liver was rather
      low. The lack of labeling of urea from exogenous carbamoyl phosphate does not
      indicate a free exchange of extra- and intramitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate.
      [ureido-14C]Ureidosuccinate produced in normal and D-galactosamine-treated livers
      almost identical labeling patterns of dihydroorotate, orotate and orotidine 5'
      phosphate. The steady state concentrations of these intermediates were all below
      15 nmol/g liver wet weight.

PMID- 166842
TI  - Characterization of the reaction between ferrocytochrome c and cytochrome c
      oxidase.
AB  - The reaction between cytochrome c oxidase and ferrocytochrome c has been
      investigated by the stopped-flow method. It has been found that only one electron
      acceptor, a heme group, in the oxidase is rapidly reduced by cytochrome c. The
      presence of N3- does not affect the reduction of the acceptor, which supports the
      hypothesis that this is identical with cytochrome a. The results are consistent
      with the existence of a simple equilibrium between cytochrome a and cytochrome c:
      c-2 + a-3+  in equilibrium c-3+ + a-2+ with an equilibrium constant corresponding
      to an oxidation-reduction potential of cytochrome a 30 mV higher than that for
      cytochrome c at pH 7.4. The oxidation-reduction potential of the a-3+ /a-2+
      couple, 285 mV (based on a potential of 255 mV for cytochrome c), and the optical
      properties of the reduced form indicate that it is identical with neither of the
      reduced hemes seen in potentiometric titrations. The oxidase species resulting
      from the rapid reduction of cytochrome a by cytochrome c is proposed to represent
      a metastable intermediate state which, under anaerobic conditions, eventually is
      transformed into a more stable state characterized by a reduced high-potential
      heme.

PMID- 166843
TI  - Cyclic amp concentration and enzyme activities of cerebrospinal fluid in patients
      with epilepsy or central nervous system damage.
AB  - Cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) concentration in cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) was measured by the protein binding method of Gilman from 62 neurological
      patients, 46 of them were epileptics and 16 with a central nervous system (CNS)
      damage. In epileptic patients the CSF concentration of cAMP was significantly
      elevated (p smaller than 0.02) for 3 days after an attack when compared with
      those free from attacks for at least 2 weeks. The causality relationship between
      the rise of cAMP in CSF and an epileptic discharge is discussed. In patient with
      an active or rapidly progressing CNS damage the cAMP levels in the CSF were
      significantly higher (p smaller than 0.001) than in those with an old CNS damage.
      Also some enzyme activities in CSF were measured but no uniform alterations could
      be found. In damaging processes of the CNS, the cAMP values in the CSF seem to
      correlate to the activity of the disease.

PMID- 166844
TI  - Evidence for disordered cyclic amp metabolism in patients with cerebral
      infarction.
AB  - Systemic blood cyclic AMP levels were elevated but urinary excretion was
      unaltered in patients with recent cerebral infarction. Cerebral venous levels for
      cyclic AMP were significantly higher than arterial levels. CSF cyclic AMP levels
      were also elevated. After intravenous 10% glycerol, CSF cyclic AMP levels
      decreased and cerebral A-V differences were reduced. Elevation of cyclic AMP
      levels in plasma may be due to alteration of neuroendocrinal function after
      cerebral infraction and contributed to in part by release from infarcted brain.
      Cyclic AMP release into cerebral venous blood and CSF suggests (1) blood brain
      barrier damage and (2) extracellular cyclic AMP accumulation in infarcted brain
      secondary to abnormal neurotransmitter release and/or impaired cellular function
      which appears to be partially reversed by glycerol.

PMID- 166845
TI  - Characterization of the hyperlipidemia in mice bearing the Ehrlich ascites tumor.

PMID- 166846
TI  - Failure to obtain transfection with XC mitochondrial DNA.

PMID- 166847
TI  - De novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in synchronized rat hepatoma (HTC)
      cells and mouse embryo fibroblast (3T3) cells.

PMID- 166848
TI  - Lectin receptors on the cell surface membrane and the kinetics of lectin-induced
      cell agglutination.

PMID- 166849
TI  - Effect of liver cell coat acid mucopolysaccharide on the appearance of density
      dependent inhibition in hepatoma cell growth.

PMID- 166850
TI  - Enhanced responsiveness of L-929 cells treated with interferon to arginine
      starvation.

PMID- 166853
TI  - Abnormal chloroplast structures in a mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardi.

PMID- 166851
TI  - Aging of human fibroblasts in vitro.  Correlations between DNA synthetic ability
      and cell size.

PMID- 166852
TI  - Furrow formation in Xenopus embryos.  Involvement of the golgi body as revealed
      by ultrastructural localization of thiamine pyrophosphatase activity.

PMID- 166854
TI  - Stimulation of the proliferation of normal BHK21 cultured fibroblasts by plant
      lectins.

PMID- 166855
TI  - Changes in cyclic AMP, adrenylate cyclase and protein kinase levels during the
      development of embryonic chick skeletal muscle.

PMID- 166856
TI  - Cell surface charge and regulation of cell division of 3T3 cells and transformed
      derivatives.

PMID- 166857
TI  - Enhanced calcium accumulation related to increased protein phosphorylation in
      cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum induced by cyclic 3', 5'-AMP or isoproterenol.

PMID- 166858
TI  - Vesicles carrying nuclear material in mature Cyprinus carpio erythrocytes.

PMID- 166859
TI  - Neurohumoral correlates of sleep: increase of proteins during rapid eye movement
      sleep.

PMID- 166860
TI  - Hepatic levels of cyclic AMP in normal and lead-sensitized rats after treatment
      with bacterial endotoxin.

PMID- 166861
TI  - Cytoplasmic filaments associated with lipid droplets in chondrocytes of the rat
      auricular cartilage.

PMID- 166863
TI  - Effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on glucagon and insulin storage and secretion in
      organ culture of rat islets.

PMID- 166862
TI  - Autoradiographic evidence for iodine binding blood cells in the oozoid of
      Amaroucium constellatum, a compound ascidian.

PMID- 166864
TI  - Effect of spermine on adenyl cyclase activity of spermatozoa.

PMID- 166865
TI  - Irreversible inactivation by 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine of certain structural
      proteins of poliovirus.

PMID- 166866
TI  - Heterogenous lipid distribution in rod outer segment membranes: a spin label
      study.

PMID- 166867
TI  - (see article)-activated ATPase and K-+-activated rho-nitrophenyl-phosphatase
      activities of the nervous system cells in tissue culture.

PMID- 166868
TI  - The action of mercury ions on the release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve
      endings.

PMID- 166870
TI  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal.

PMID- 166869
TI  - Effect of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the take and
      survival of chickens with transplanted MC-29 hepatoma.

PMID- 166871
TI  - [Research on substances with antiviral activity. II. Derivatives of N-substituted
      2-chloro-3-formylindoles].
AB  - Thiosemicarbazones and amidinohydrazones of N-substituted 2-chloroindole-3
      aldehydes were synthesized and investigated for antiviral activity against RNA
      virus (parainfluenza type 3, HA-I/CR-8 stock) and DNA virus (vaccinia virus, HID
      stock). The thiosemicarbazones of 1-(o,m,p,-chlorobenzoyl)-2-chloroindole-3
      aldehydes were more active than methisazone against vaccinia virus.

PMID- 166872
TI  - The effect of a transient increase in intracellular cyclic AMP upon muscle cell
      fusion.

PMID- 166873
TI  - Effect of glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the tissue distribution of [14-C]
      alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in rats.

PMID- 166874
TI  - Immunological comparison of ferredoxins.

PMID- 166875
TI  - Amplification of cyclic-AMP signals in aggregating cells of Dictyostelium
      discoideum.

PMID- 166876
TI  - Ferredoxin-linked nitrate reductase from the phototrophic bacterium
      Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii.

PMID- 166877
TI  - Electron spin resonance of copper labelled myoglobin crystals.

PMID- 166878
TI  - The reactivation of EPR signal II in chloroplasts treated with reduced
      dichlorophenol-indophenol: evidence against a dark equilibrium between two
      oxidation states of the oxygen evolving system.

PMID- 166880
TI  - Derepression of polyphosphatase in Escherichia coli by starvation for inorganic
      phosphate.

PMID- 166879
TI  - Studies on high molecular weight modifiers of the nonhyperbolic V versus (S)
      curves of DT-diaphorase.

PMID- 166881
TI  - Inhibition by somatostatin of glucose induced 3':5'-monophsophate (cyclic AMP)
      accumulation and insulin release in isolated pancreatic islets of the rat.

PMID- 166882
TI  - Protein phosphatases from canine heart: evidence for four different fractions of
      the enzyme.

PMID- 166883
TI  - The effect of phospholipase C treatment of microsomes on cytochromes P-450 and
      b5.

PMID- 166884
TI  - The binding of the pyrophosphoryl transferase and the elongation factor Tu and G
      to ribosomes from Escherichia coli.

PMID- 166885
TI  - Nitric oxide complexes of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 166886
TI  - Effects of DNA primary structure on tertiary structure.

PMID- 166887
TI  - Involvement of hypophysis in the stimulation of liver ornithine decarboxylase by
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP.

PMID- 166888
TI  - Adaptive lowering of the lipid clustering temperature within Tetrahymena
      membranes.

PMID- 166889
TI  - Studies of cannabinoid metabolites - a free radical immunoassay.

PMID- 166890
TI  - The separation and quantitative identification of PTH-amino acids by high
      pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 166892
TI  - [The role of ACTH in the process of complex heparin compound formation in the
      blood during immobilization stress].
AB  - In rats during stress due to 30 min immobilization the total unenzymatic
      fibrinolytic activity becomes 4 times as high, and its share in the blood plasma
      total fibrinolytic activity 1.5 times as high. The same stress with ACTH added up
      increases these values still more: by 2.5 times. ACTH considerably increases
      formation of the heparin complexes also in absence of the stress. The ACTH effect
      on the heparin complexes formation is mediated through adrenal stimulation. In 96
      hr after adrenalectomy the additional cortical tissue already responds to ACTH
      administration and, respectively, the stressor effect with ACTH added up entails
      still greater increase of the unenzymatic fibrinolytic activity than without
      ACTH.

PMID- 166891
TI  - Synthesis of inorganic pyrophosphate by animal tissue mitochondria.

PMID- 166893
TI  - [Inhibiting effects of anti-proteinase agents upon induced ovulation].

PMID- 166894
TI  - [Intragenital migration of spermatozoa and the cervical factor (I) "effect of
      clomiphene used concurrently with estrogens on cervical mucus in infertile
      patients"].

PMID- 166895
TI  - Prevention of hypoglycemic attacks by propranolol in a patient suffering from
      insulinoma.
AB  - An insulinoma was diagnosed in a fifty-seven-year-old woman suffering from
      frequent hypoglycemic attacks. Propranolol--a beta-adrenergic blocker--in a dose
      of 80 mg. per day effectively prevented recurrent hypoglycemic attacks. It also
      corrected the basal hyperinsulinemia as well as the increased insulin secretion
      which results from stimulation with glucose or arginine.

PMID- 166896
TI  - Degradation of insulin by isolated rat liver cells.
AB  - The degradation of insulin by isolated rat liver cells has been studied. The
      phenomenon is time- and temperature-dependent. After sixty minutes' exposure to
      1.5 times 10-6 cells/ml, about 50 per cent, 15 per cent, and less than 5 per cent
      of insulin at 1.5 muM. are degraded at 37 degrees C., 20 degrees, and 0 degrees
      C., respectively. The methods used to measure the hormone degradation effect the
      apparent Vmax. Higher values of Vmax are found when radioimmunoassay rather than
      precipitation by trichloracetic acid and absorption to talc is used. However, the
      apparent Km. (0.27 muM) is virtually the same with any of methods used. N-ethyl
      maleimide and Trasylol are potent inhibitors, whereas GSH increases the hormone
      degradation. Proinsulin acts as competitive inhibitor (apparent Ki equals 0.35
      muM.). Gel filtration patterns of incubation supernates suggest that several
      enzymatic systems may be operative in the degradation of insulin by the liver
      cells. Glutathione-insulin-transhydrogenase is suggested by the appearance of a
      component that has the same elution volume as the A chain, but the inhibitory
      effects of trasylol on insulin degradation, as well as qualitative and
      quantitative similarities with insulin proteases, suggest that a proteolytic
      similiarities with insulin proteases, suggest that a proteolytic mechanism is
      involved. The insulin-degrading system in isolated liver cells closely resembles
      that observed in purified liver plasma membranes and in the isolated perfused
      liver. Such similarities stress the possible significance of the degradation
      process in the regulation of insulin action. These studies are also important for
      the quantitative analysis of insulin interaction with its specific receptors in
      isolated liver cells.

PMID- 166898
TI  - Synthesis of proinsulin and large glucagon immunoreactivity in isolated
      Langerhans islets from EMC-virus infected mice.
AB  - The protein synthesis in normal and in EMC-virus infected mouse islets of
      Langerhans was investigated. Mouse large glucagon immunoreactivity was determined
      by an immunoassay after chromatographic separation. It was characterized as a
      peptide of 16 000 MW with in intracellular half-life of 35-45 min. The
      proportional reduction of void volume proteins, large glucagon immunoreactivity
      and proinsulin synthesis after infection shows, that both alpha- and beta-cells
      are damaged by the virus. A reduction in the synthesis of the three protein
      fractions was already found 6 hrs after inoculation of the virus and remained
      nearly constant for 48 hrs. An almost complete breakdown of protein synthesis
      occurred 60 to 70 hrs after infection and was paralleled by the first light
      microscopic changes in the islets. The stimulation of proinsulin synthesis by
      glucose was preserved for 48 hrs after EMC-virus infection.

PMID- 166897
TI  - Mechanisms of glucose stimulated insulin secretion in health and in diabetes:
      some re-evaluations and proposals.

PMID- 166899
TI  - The mechanism of alloxan toxicity: an indication for alloxan complexes in tissues
      and alloxan inhibition of 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulphonic
      acid (SITS) binding for the liver cell membrane.
AB  - It is shown that alloxan inhibits binding of SITS to liver cells. This indicates
      the cell membrane as a site of alloxan action. Alloxan is found to react with
      tissues to form complexes that are detectable up to 3 hrs after alloxan
      treatment. On the basis of the present findings, an assumption is made that
      alloxan inhibits a cell membrane processes by blockade of functionally importnat
      groups.

PMID- 166900
TI  - Electroencephalographic changes with age in male mice.
AB  - Electroencephalographic (EEG) changes, as measured by the awake state, slow-wave
      sleep (SWS), rapid-eye movement (REM) patterns and ratio of REM/total sleep, were
      recorded in aging male mice of DBA/2J and C57BL/6J strains. Results indicate that
      there is a significant increase in the awake state accompanied by significant
      decrease in SWS with advancing age for both strains, although these changes
      appear more pronounced in DBA/2J mice than C57BL/6J mice. Of considerable
      significance is the finding that REM sleep is absent in mice of DBA/2J strain at
      23.5 months of age. Based on these findings, the conclusion was reached that
      strain DBA/2J ages significantly faster than C57BL/6J. The difference in aging
      between the two strains emphasizes the need for additional studies dealing with
      genetic aspects of aging.

PMID- 166901
TI  - Biochemical and histochemical changes in energy supply enzyme pattern of muscles
      of the rat during old age.
AB  - Senile muscles of the rat (28-36 months) show loss of overall activity of
      glycolytic and aerobic enzymes. However, there is a differential loss and shift
      of enzyme activity pattern in the three types of muscles. The extensor digitorum
      longus (EDL) and diaphragm show a decrease of ratios of glycolytic to aerobic
      oxidative enzymes. This shift to a more oxidative type of metabolism is not
      observed in the soleus muscle. Decrease of enzyme activities is least marked in
      the diaphragm muscle. Biochemical analysis shows a trend to levelling out of
      metabolic differences between the different muscle types. This trend of
      'dedifferentiation' is most marked when comparing EDL and soleus, least marked
      when comparing EDL and diaphragm muscle. The histochemical analysis shows a shift
      from the original mixed to a more uniform pattern of muscle fibres in the EDL and
      soleus muscle; this levelling-out of differences between enzymatic activities of
      different muscle fibres is not observed in the diaphragm muscle. Preferential
      atrophy and loss of ATPase activity in II muscle fibres in the soleus muscle and
      the occurrence of 'type grouping' are further characteristic features of senile
      muscle change. The findings show general (i.e. loss of enzyme activities) and
      differential trends of biochemical and histochemical enzyme changes in different
      types of muscles.

PMID- 166903
TI  - Proceedings: Vasoactive intestinal peptide and the Verner-Morrison syndrome.

PMID- 166904
TI  - A case of syndactyly in the white-lipped tamarin Saguinus nigricollis.
AB  - A case of syndactyly in a captive bred white-lipped tamarin (Saguinus
      nigricollis) is reported which involved the fusion of metacarpals 3 and 4 of both
      hands. Variations in the vertebral formula among the parents and offspring were
      also found.

PMID- 166905
TI  - [Carotid angiography with subtraction for glomus tumours of the middle ear
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Four patients with glomus tumours of the middle ear are described, in whom
      carotid angiography with subtraction was carried out. In three patients the
      tumour could be clearly demonstrated by using the subtraction method. In a fourth
      case, in whom the diagnosis was made at operation, angiography was unsuccessful.

PMID- 166902
TI  - The hypercholesterolaemia of obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 166906
TI  - The value of fine needle aspiration biopsy and intravenous pyelography in the
      diagnosis of renal masses.
AB  - On the basis of an analysis in 118 patients with space occupying lesions in the
      kidney demonstrated on the pyelogram it is conluded, that the combination of
      intravenous pyelography and fine needle aspiration biopsy is a safe diagnostic
      procedure, and it could be a valuable supplement to angiography and explorative
      incision.

PMID- 166907
TI  - Short-range hedonism: therapy for patients who cannot delay gratification.

PMID- 166908
TI  - Using volunteer therapists to reduce hospital readmissions.
AB  - Two aftercare programs using volunteers as therapists for former inpatients have
      been effective in reducing hospital readmissions. The volunteer therapists ensure
      that patients take medications, evaluate them for decompensation, help them find
      housing and jobs, and give them supportive counseling. In the first program the
      recidivism rate after one year for 36 chronic schizophrenic women was 11 per cent
      for the group treated by volunteers and 34 per cent for the control group
      receiving traditional aftercare. In the second program the recidivism rate after
      one year for 11 men and women with various types of schizophrenia was 9 per cent
      for the treatment group and 37 per cent for the control group.

PMID- 166909
TI  - The placement of long-term "criminally insane" patients in open settings.
AB  - Twenty long-term psychiatric patients with criminal charges against them were
      transferred from the Iowa Security Medical Facility to open hospitals and
      aftercare settings between 1969 and 1971. Staff prepared the patients for
      transfer and persuaded authorities to permit the placements. Follow-up shows 19
      have adapted to the new settings. The authors speculate that age is a factor in
      predicting aftercare adjustment; 18 of the 19 patients were at least 44 years
      old. The authors also feel that clinical staff must take the initiative to reduce
      the needless confinement of such patients.

PMID- 166910
TI  - Civil rights for mental patients: the road to neglect?

PMID- 166911
TI  - Serum and tissue proteins in tuberous sclerosis. I. Serum and red-cell
      polymorphic systems.
AB  - 5 serum protein polymorphic systems (haptoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, group
      specific (Gc) proteins, beta2-glycoprotein 1 and leucine aminopeptidase) and 6
      red-cell polymorphisms (adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase,
      phosphoglucomutase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
      and acid phosphatase) have been investigated in 54 subjects with tuberous
      sclerosis. The frequencies of all systems were compared with those of a control
      sample drawn from a similar mentally retarded population and abnormal
      distributions were detected in the haptoglobin and Gc system. Quantitative
      estimation of the serum levels of the Gc protein failed to detect any inter-group
      differences. Data on the deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equlibrium, Haldane's
      Log ratio test between groups, and gene frequencies of both test and control
      groups are given. It is suggested that selection by mortality is the possible
      causation for the abnormal distribution of the Gc phenotypes, but the haptoglobin
      phenotype distribution requires further investigation with care being taken in
      the selection of control subjects.

PMID- 166912
TI  - Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in the greek populations.
AB  - The frequency of variant forms of 6 red cell enzymes, adenylate kinase, adenosine
      deaminase, phosphoglucomutase, acid phosphatase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
      and glutathione reductase, were determined in 9 Greek populations. The
      frequencies of the variants in these populations were similar to those previously
      reported in most other European populations. However, several differences,
      particularly in the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and acid
      phosphatase alleles, were found in a comparison of Greeks and Bulgarians, in
      accordance with their separate ethnic origins. The Macedonians resembled the
      other Greeks and differed from the Bulgarians.

PMID- 166913
TI  - Cytogenetic studies in 12 patients with itai-itai disease.
AB  - Among 12 Itai-Itai disease patients examined, 8 patients showed a remarkably high
      frequency of chromatid aberrations, whereas the other 4 patients showed a much
      lower frequency of such aberrations, although a significant number of stable type
      aberrations was observed also in the latter patients. The frequencies of
      aneuploid cells of all 12 patients were significantly higher than those of the
      controls. The abnormalities were found in 50-hour and 72-hour cultures, from
      which it can be concluded that the aberrations occurred in the blood stem cell of
      the patients. In addition to these structural and numerical aberrations,
      satellite associations of the D and G group chromosomes were often observed.

PMID- 166914
TI  - Immunochemical studies on the human pathogen Sporothrix schenckii: effects of
      chemical and enzymatic modification of the antigenic compounds upon immediate and
      delayed reactions.
AB  - The rhamnose-containing polysaccharide-peptide compound derived from the cells of
      the pathogenic fungus Sporothrix schenckii has been shown to contain 87.1%
      carbohydrate and 12.5% peptide and to give rise to both immediate- and delayed
      type reactions in sensitized guinea pigs. The capacity to induce immediate-type
      reaction, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, was completely lost by degradation of
      the carbohydrate moiety by periodate, whereas the ability to induce the delayed
      type reactions of migration inhibition (in vitro) and the sporotrichin reaction
      (in vivo) were only slightly affected by periodate treatment. On the other hand,
      delayed "reactivities" to the compound were considerably reduced by treatment
      with papain, whereas the immediate-type reaction remained positive. These results
      lead to a conclusion that the rhamnose-containing polysaccharide of the
      polysaccharide-peptide antigenic compound plays an important role in the
      immediate-type reaction, whereas the peptide is largely responsible for the
      delayed-type reaction.

PMID- 166915
TI  - Production, isolation, and partial characterization of three foot-and-mouth
      disease virus temperature-sensitive mutants.
AB  - Three high temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus
      were characterized by their relative abilities to grow at 33 or 38.5 C, to kill
      infant mice, to infect guinea pigs, and to produce foot-and-mouth disease in
      steers. Mutants ts-24 and ts-42 did not grow at 38.5 C; both may have produced
      considerable quantities of noninfectious virus particles at 33 C. A third mutant,
      ts-22, appeared "leaky" because it multiplied to a limited extent during
      prolonged incubation at the nonpermissive temperature. Mutant ts-42 was
      pathogenic for infant mice, whereas ts-22 and ts-24 were essentially apathogenic.
      Mice were protected against the lethal effects of the wild-type (wt) virus if
      injected 1 week earlier with ts-22, apparently as a result of specific antibody
      development. One-half of the guinea pigs injected with the mutant viruses showed
      lesion development, but only at the site of injection. Antibody development was
      also much less than in those animals injected with the wt virus. The onset of FMD
      in steers was delayed and the severity of the disease was diminished after
      intradermalingual injection of the mutant viruses.

PMID- 166916
TI  - Immunological sequelae of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice: effect on the
      antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes and Japanse B encephalitis virus.
AB  - Immunosuppression of the antibody response to Japanese B encephalitis (JBE) virus
      and sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was observed in mice infected with Trichinella
      spiralis. This suppression was paralleled by the presence of fewer antibody
      forming cells to SRBC in the spleens of parasitized mice. Both primary and
      secondary complement-fixing antibody responses to JBE virus were suppressed, but
      the development of immunological memory was not affected. Parasitized mice
      demonstrated a normal blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and normal serum
      clearance rate of injected (125)I-labeled immunoglobulin G(2b), although the size
      of the extravascular fluid compartment was significantly increased. The data
      presented here and in previous reports suggest that sequential antigenic
      competition is a possible explanation for the humoral immunosuppression to
      heterologous antigens caused by T. spiralis infection.

PMID- 166917
TI  - Interactions between aerolysin, erythrocytes, and erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - Aerolysin, a hemolytic and lethal exotoxin of Aeromonas hydrophila, was analyzed
      for amino acids. Assuming 8 histidine residues/mol, the purified toxic protein
      has, by summation, a molecular weight of 49,000, a value in agreement with
      earlier estimates by other methods. Erythrocytes from different animal species
      differ greatly in sensitivity to aerolysin's lytic action. There is some
      correlation between sensitivity and phosphatidyl choline content. Erythrocyte
      membranes of different species bind the toxin, and the efficiency of binding is a
      function of sensitivity to lysis. Binding is temperature independent, is not
      dependent upon membrane sialic acid, and is decreased by prior treatment with
      phospholipase C and proteases. Preparations of aerolysin convert substantial
      amounts of membrane phosphorus to water-soluble form; the conversion is
      concentration and temperature dependent. Most of the conversion is attributable
      to contaminating phospholipase(s) that is separable from the toxin. Aerolysin
      purified by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel retains some phospholipase
      activity, and this activity may or may not be a contaminant.

PMID- 166918
TI  - Adeno-associated virus in adenovirus type 3 conjunctivitis.
AB  - Although human infection with adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) has been
      demonstrated, there is no evidence that disease results from such infections. The
      proportion of adenovirus infections which are dual infections with AAV is
      virtually unknown, since special methods are required to demonstrate infection
      with AAV. To search for AAV, we re-examined a collection of specimens from 40
      persons involved in an epidemic of pharyngoconjunctival fever associated with a
      swimming pool. Virological and serological studies indicated that the etiological
      agent was adenovirus type 3. When the 91 original eye, throat, and fecal
      specimens were re-examined, using methods suitable for detection of adenovirus
      and AAV, 37 strains of adenovirus type 3 and 35 strains of AAV type 3 (AAV3) were
      isolated. Surprisingly, 19 AAV3 but only 11 adenovirus isolates were found in eye
      specimens, whereas adenovirus isolates were equally distributed in all types of
      specimens. Four AAV3 strains were isolated from adults. Significant (fourfold or
      greater) rises in AAV3 complement-fixing antibody titers were seen in six of 14
      persons shedding AAV3, whereas nine of 10 persons shedding adenovirus type 3
      showed significant rises in adenovirus complement-fixing antibody. These results
      raise the question whether AAV persists better in eyes than adenovirus or that a
      possible association with conjunctivitis might be present. In contrast to the
      results in the specimens from the swimming pool epidemic, only one of 36
      adenovirus strains isolated in other Seattle-based studies yielded AAV.
      Complement fixation tests on serial sets of sera collected from 60 children not
      involved in the swimming pool episode revealed nine AAV2 and 12 AAV3 infections
      during a 4-year period.

PMID- 166919
TI  - Occurrence of BK virus and BK virus-specific antibodies in the urine of patients
      receiving chemotherapy for malignancy.
AB  - Urine specimens from 23 children and 9 adults who were undergoing treatment for
      malignancy as well as urines from 40 normal individuals were concentrated and
      examined for evidence of papovavirus infection. Papovavirus particles were
      detected in 6 of 64 urines examined by electron microscopy. Three of the particle
      positive urines induced BK virus-specific immunofluorescence after inoculation of
      WI38 cells, and three isolations of BK virus were made by inoculation of urines
      from virus-excreting patients into Vero cells. BK virus-specific hemagglutination
      inhibiting and immunofluorescence neutralizing antibodies were found in a
      majority of urines from adult patients, in about a fifth of pediatric patients,
      and less often in normal urines. Urines of virus-excreting patients generally had
      antibodies. In indirect fluorescent antibody tests, BK virus-specific antibodies
      of the immunoglobulin G class were found in five urine specimens from patients;
      immunoglobulin A antibodies were not detected in any urine. These data suggest
      that activation of BK virus is related to immunosuppression and not to
      transplantation itself and that the occurrence of virus-specific antibodies in
      urine may be indicative of virus multiplication in the urinary tract.

PMID- 166920
TI  - L-arginine elution of measles virus adsorbed on  monkey erythrocytes.
AB  - l-Arginine (1 M) eluted measles virus adsorbed on monkey erythrocytes without
      affecting the infectious and hemagglutinating activities of the virus. This
      phenomenon was also observed for encephalomyocarditis virus and Newcastle disease
      virus.

PMID- 166921
TI  - Interferon production in mice by the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella
      pneumoniae.
AB  - The capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPS-K) type 1, Kasuya
      strain, induces interferon production in the blood of mice when injected
      intravenously. CPS-K resembles bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) in the
      time pattern of interferon production, with peak levels 2h after injection. CPS-K
      on a weight basis exhibits a more potent interferon-inducing effect than
      lipopolysaccharide. The active substance responsible for the interferon-inducing
      activity of CPS-K is the neutral CPS-K antigen which is antigenically distinct
      from the O antigen and from acidic CPS-K (the type-specific capsular antigen).
      Neutral CPS-K from the Kasuya strain has been already found to exhibit a strong
      adjuvant effect on antibody responses to various antigens in mice. Preparations
      of neutral CPS-K from other strains of K. pneumoniae, of which adjuvant action is
      only very weak, exhibit interferon-inducing activity similar to the preparation
      from the Kasuya strain. Heterologous and homologous tolerance to re-induction of
      interferon is produced by a prior injection (one each) of LPS, neutral CPS-K, and
      acidic CPS-K. No simple correlation exists between the inducing and tolerogenic
      capabilities of these substances.

PMID- 166922
TI  - Inhibition of Herpesvirus hominis replication by human interferon.
AB  - The effect of human interferon on single-cycle replication of Herpesvirus hominis
      type 1 (HV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in human foreskin fibroblast
      cultures (HFF) was studied. After treatment of HFF cultures with low
      concentrations (58 U) of human interferon, a variable but statistically
      significant inhibition of HV-1 was observed. At higher concentrations (greater
      than 95 U) yield reduction of HV in interferon-treated cultures approached that
      of VSV. Preliminary data indicate that antiviral activity decays more rapidly for
      HV-1 than for VSV after removal of interferon from cultures.

PMID- 166923
TI  - Establishment of a nonproductive herpes simplex virus infection in rabbit kidney
      cells.
AB  - A nonproductive infection of rabbit kidney cells was established with a type 2
      strain of herpes simplex virus after incubation of the virus-infected cells at 41
      C. Although infectious virus could not be recovered from cells disrupted by
      freeze-thawing or sonication after incubation at 41 C, spontaneous reactivation
      of virus growth occurred in 84% of the cultures after lag periods of variable
      length when cultures of viable cells were transferred to 37 C and incubated.
      Forty-one percent of the cultures had lag periods of 4 or more days, and 24% had
      lag periods of 7 or more days. The longest lag period was 45 days. A similar
      infection was established in WI-38 cells, but attempts to establish the infection
      in human kidney cells was not successful. This nonproductive infection is being
      used to study the effects of various physical and chemical agents on herpes
      simplex virus in a latent state.

PMID- 166925
TI  - Herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs: an animal model for studying
      latent and recurrent herpes simplex virus infection.
AB  - Footpad infection of guinea pigs with herpes simplex virus led to an acute local
      inflammatory reaction, followed by a persistent latent infection of lumbosacral
      dorsal root ganglia. Spontaneous reactivation of the latent virus occurred,
      leading to recurrent lesions at the site of the initial infection. Clinical
      observations and virological studies during the acute latent and recurrent
      infection are reported.

PMID- 166924
TI  - Effect of human leukocyte interferon on vaccinia-and herpes virus-infected cell
      cultures and monkey corneas.
AB  - Pretreatment of human fibroblast cultures with human leukocyte interferon (HIF,
      1,000 IU/ml) resulted in a 24-h delay of virus replication after infection with
      vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. Additional HIF
      treatment 24 h after infection effectively lowered the maximum yield of viral
      infectivity. Equal results were obtained in simian cells with 3,000 IU of HIF per
      ml. The spread of two cell-bound herpesviruses, varicella zoster virus and
      Medical Lake macaque herpesvirus, was inhibited by 2,000 IU of HIF per ml in
      human fibroblasts and Vero cells, respectively. Varicella zoster virus
      infectivity was notably reduced by HIF, whereas the latter system showed a low
      sensitivity. To study the effect of HIF in the infected cornea, keratitis was
      induced experimentally in both eyes of 12 rhesus monkeys and 12 African green
      monkeys by inoculation with vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus,
      respectively. In each monkey one eye served as a control for the full cycle of
      disease. In the other eye HIF treatment was initiated prophylactically 15 h
      before or simultaneously with the challenge virus infection or 6 to 20 h
      postinfectionally or therapeutically after onset of the disease, and the
      treatment was continued for 2 to 7 days. Prophylactic and simultaneous
      administration equally resulted in inhibition of both vaccinia and herpes
      keratitis. Postinfectional and therapeutic administration of interferon moderated
      the course of keratitis slightly and shortened the period of virus shedding.

PMID- 166926
TI  - Role for cell-mediated immunity in the resistance of mice to subcutaneous herpes
      simplex virus infection.
AB  - The role of cell-mediated immunity in the resistance of young adult mice to
      subcutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I infection was studied in mice
      receiving immunosuppressive doses of antilymphocyte sera (ALS) or antithymocyte
      sera (ATS). The effectiveness of these treatments to reduce cell-mediated
      responses was measured by their ability to prolong the life of allografts
      transplanted to ALS- or ATS-treated mice. It was found that subcutaneous
      infection of these mice with HSV resulted in spread of virus from the site of
      inoculation to the central nervous system. Neutralizing antibody could not be
      detected in the sera of ALS- or ATS-treated mice after HSV inoculation. Passive
      transfer of neutralizing antibody to ATS-treated mice did not restore resistance
      to subcutaneous HSV infection. However, adoptive transfer of HSV-sensitized
      spleen cells did provide significant protection against infection unless the
      spleen cells were treated with ATS prior to transfer. These experiments suggest
      that lymphocytes are involved in a cell-mediated response to subcutaneous HSV
      infection and demonstrate the importance of a noncompromised immune response in
      controlling spread of HSV from localized areas of infection.

PMID- 166927
TI  - Growth and cytopathology of Mycoplasma synoviae in chicken embryo cell cultures.
AB  - Mycoplasma synoviae was tested for its ability to grow and induce cytopathogenic
      changes in chicken embryo cell cultures. M. synoviae grew to high titers by day 5
      in the presence of chick cells, but showed no growth in the tissue culture medium
      alone even though it was enriched with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and
      swine serum. Infected chick cell cultures showed a progressive cytoplasmic
      degeneration on successive days of examination. Early changes involved
      cytoplasmic granularity and mild vacuolation. On the last day of examination the
      cytoplasm of most cells was completely degenerated and some showed nuclear
      degeneration. M. synoviae was shown to be cytophilic for the chick cell membranes
      where the mycoplasmas reproduced and formed microcolonies which, on successive
      days, increased in size. The attachment site on the chick cell membrane was shown
      to be neuraminidase sensitive.

PMID- 166928
TI  - Factors in the inactivation of Encephalomyocarditis virus in aerosols.
AB  - Encephalomyocarditis virus in aerosols is inactivated rapidly at relative
      humidities below 50%. In glycerol-water mixtures a similar decrease of
      infectivity occurs when the glycerol concentration exceeds 78% (wt/wt),
      corresponding to a relative humidity of 50%. The decay in aerosols does not
      involve oxygen or surface-dependent factors. Variation of temperature shows the
      inactivation to be a low-energy process with an activation enthalpy of 15 kcal
      per mol. The damage could be ascribed to dehydration of the virion, presumably
      proceeding to removal of structurally essential water molecules. This might
      trigger irreversible changes in the protein coat, resulting in disintegration of
      the virion.

PMID- 166929
TI  - Failure of attenuated temperature-sensitive influenza A (H3N2) virus to induce
      heterologous interference in humans to parainfluenza type 1 virus.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to determine if a candidate live vaccine
      virus, influenza A/Hong Kong/68-ts-1 [E] (H3N2), induced heterologous
      interference against an interferon-sensitive, wild-type, parainfluenza type 1
      challenge virus. The parainfluenza virus was administered 7 days after Hong
      Kong/68-ts-1 [E] virus infection. The clinical response, daily quantitative virus
      shedding, interferon production, and serum and nasal wash antibody responses were
      determined in an experimental group (influenza A virus followed by parainfluenza
      virus) and 10 volunteers in a control group (parainfluenza virus only). The
      volunteers were selected on the basis of susceptibility to the two viruses, i.e.
      serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer of is less than or greater to
      1:8 for influenza virus and low nasal wash antibody titer (is less than or
      greater to 1:8) for parainfluenza virus. Despite a 100% infection rate in the
      Hong Kong/68-ts-1 [E] vaccinees, no heterologous interference was induced against
      the parainfluenza type 1 virus challenge.

PMID- 166930
TI  - Depressed specific cell-mediated immunity to Herpes simplex virus type 1 in
      patients with recurrent herpes labialis.
AB  - Cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was assessed by a
      lymphocytotoxicity 51-Cr-release microassay procedure, using the MA-160 human
      prostatic adenoma cell line chronically infected with HSV-1 and its parent cell
      line as control. The specific immune release mean plus or minus standard
      deviation for nine asymptomatic patients with recurrent HSV-1 infections was 13.7
      plus or minus 8.1%, compared to 28.9 plus or minus 8.4% in seven normal
      seropositive controls (P is less than 0.01). In four additional patients studied
      serially, the cell-mediated immunity was significantly increased during the
      recrudescence of herpetic infection, with a mean specific immune release value of
      51.7 plus or minus 27.8%, compared to 8.7 plus or minus 1.5% during the
      convalescent period 2 to 10 weeks later (P is less than 0.05). These findings
      suggest that patients with recurrent HSV-1 infections have vigorous cellular
      immune responses during the acute phase but a specific impairment of cell
      mediated immunity during the quiescent period, which may in part account for
      their susceptibility to recurrent herpetic infections.

PMID- 166931
TI  - Two distinct mechanisms for the initiation of mast cell degranulation.

PMID- 166932
TI  - The relationship between anaphylactic histamine secretion and the permability of
      the mast cell membrane to calcium.

PMID- 166933
TI  - The occurrence of tumours in F1, F2 and F3 descendants of bd rats exposed to N
      nitrosomethylurea during pregnancy.
AB  - N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) was administered once IP at a dose of 20 mg/kg to BD
      female rats on the 18th day of pregnancy. The first generation descendants (F1)
      were mated to produce a second generation (F2), which were then mated to produce
      a third generation (F3). While F1 rats were exposed directly to NMU during
      intrauterine life, it can be reasonably excluded that F2 and F3 descendants were
      exposed to NMU or its metabolites. F2 and F3 rats received no other treatment and
      untreated rats served as controls. Kidney and nervous-tissue tumours were
      observed in F1 descendants and, with a lower incidence, in F2 descendants. In F3
      rats, tumours of nervous tissue, but not of kidneys, were observed. These results
      confirm previous observations that exposure to a carcinogen during prenatal life
      results in an increased cancer risk which may persist for more than one
      generation.

PMID- 166934
TI  - Effect of cordycepin on the replication of type-c RNA tumor viruses.
AB  - Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) was previously shown to inhibit virus production
      induced by iododeoxyuridine from murine fibroblasts (Wu et al., 1972). We now
      report that the inhibitory effect of cordycepin results in a reduction of the
      number of cells producing virus as measured by the infectious center assay and
      fluorescent antibody technique. Cordycepin has a much greater inhibitory effect
      on viral replication than on transformation of normal rat kidney cells by murine
      sarcoma virus since viral production was greatly reduced (seven- to 35-fold) with
      5-10 mug/ml of cordycepin while viral transformation was only slightly inhibited
      (two-fold reduction in focus-forming units) with the same concentration of
      cordycepin. Inhibition of viral production is most effective if the compound is
      present during the first 24 h after injection.

PMID- 166935
TI  - Activation of C-type viruses during skin graft rejection in the mouse.
      Interrelationships between immunostimulation and immunosuppression.
AB  - Both mouse-tropic and zenotropic C-type RNA viruses were activated in BALB/c mice
      during rejection reactions against skin grafts from mice differing at the major
      histocompatibility locus (A/J) or sharing this locus (DBA/2). Animals that
      maintained their skin grafts following immunosuppression with antilymphocyte
      serum (ALS) or cyclophosphamide had a much higher incidence of virus-positivity
      than animals that did not receive ALS or cyclophosphamide, or that rejected their
      skin grafts despite immunosuppressive therapy. ALS itself activated type-C
      viruses from a small proportion of BALB/c mice whereas cyclophoshamide alone did
      not. Type C viruses were detected in spleens and regional nodes draining skin
      graft sites between 1 and 2 weeks following transplantation; thereafter they
      reached maximum titers in spleens. Viruses were not detected at skin-graft sites,
      in tails or in thymuses of grafted animals. Virus activation was associated with
      splenic histological changes consisting of germinal center formation, diffuse
      hyperplasia of reticulum cells, depletion of periarteriolar lymphocytes and
      hyperplasia of red pulp hematopoietic elements.

PMID- 166936
TI  - EB Virus-associated nuclear antigen production and cell proliferation in adult
      peripheral blood leukocytes inoculated with the QIMR-WIL strain of EB virus.
AB  - A nuclear antigen, apparently the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nuclear
      antigen (EBNA), was detected by anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF) tests in
      adult peripheral blood leukocytes infected with the QIMR-WIL strain of EBV. EBNA
      was not detectable at 24 h but appeared in about 11% of the cells by 3 days, and
      by 5 days up to 64% of the cells were positive. Proliferation of EBNA-positive
      cells at this stage was confirmed by autoradiography. There was a good
      correlation between the concentration of virus and the number of EBNA-positive
      cells in the first 5-7 days. The subsequent course of events was found to be
      influenced by the initial cell concentration and the time of subculture. EBNA
      production was delayed in cells infected with higher dilutions of virus but
      subsequently appeared in a high proportion of cells. Indirect immunofluorescence
      failed to detect viral capsid antigen (VCA) or early antigen (EA) by 10 days. The
      results show that EBV infection was abortive and that the critical events of
      viral transformation occurred within the first few days.

PMID- 166937
TI  - Tumor-specific and forssman antigens of guinea-pig hepatoma cells: comparison of
      tumor cells grown in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Cloned tumor-cell lines were derived from two antigenically distinct ascites
      variants of diethylnitrosamine-induced guinea-pig hepatomas (designated line 1
      and line 10). Cell-surface antigens on the ascites and in vitro-grown tumor cells
      were analyzed with immunofluorescence, C1 fixation and transfer, and antibody
      complement-mediated cytotoxity tests. Tumor-specific and Forssman antigens
      continued to be expressed during 3-6 months in vitro cultivation. Differences
      between ascites and cultured cells were noted in the degree of antigen expression
      and sensitivity to antibody-complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Cells grown in
      vitro exhibited a greater number of Forssman and tumor-specific antigen sites
      than in vivo grown cells as determined by the quantitative C1 fixation and
      transfer test. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that some cloned lines were
      considerably more homogeneous in terms of antigen expression than were the
      cultured, non-cloned parent cells or ascites-grown cells. Cloned lines were
      frequently more sensitive to the cytotoxic action of antibody and complement than
      were the in vivo grown and cultured non-cloned parent tumor cells. Sensitivity to
      cytotoxicity did not necessarily correlate, however, with the degree of antigen
      expression. These results suggest that; (1) the expression of Forssman and tumor
      specific antigens does not diminish on cells cultivated in vitro and (2) ascites
      hepatoma cells in vivo are a heterogeneous population of cells differing in their
      degree of antigen expression and sensitivity to antibody-complement-mediated
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 166938
TI  - Helper specificity for retrieval of defective friend virus.
AB  - A Friend virus-induced reticulum-cell sarcoma from BALB/c mice has been
      cultivated in vitro in our laboratory for more than 11 years and contains no
      detectable evidence of virus. However, Friend virus could be retrieved readily
      from the tissue cultures by any of several lymphatic leukemia viruses belonging
      to the Friend-Moloney-Rauscher (FMR) group, as long as the helper viruses were
      actively replicating in a culture. Helper activity appeared to be highly specific
      and limited to the FMR group including the B-tropic Tennant leukemia virus which
      produced a B-tropic Friend virus pseudotype. The naturally occurring type AKR
      murine leukemia viruses and the related Gross passage A virus failed both in vivo
      and in vitro to retrieve the Friend virus genome from the virus-free tumor cells.

PMID- 166939
TI  - The detection of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen (EBNA) by
      anticomplement immunofluorescence. Immunoglobulin class of antibodies and role of
      complement.
AB  - The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) was detected by
      anti-complement immunofluorescence (ACIF) in Raji lymphoblastoid cell line, and
      the mechanism of the reaction explored, using Ig fractions of anti-EBNA sera and
      purified components of complement. Following fractionation of serum from 13
      donors, anti-EBNA antibodies were always found to be associated with IgG, but
      were also detectable in the IgM fraction of four sera. Sequential addition of
      functionally pure complement components in the ACIF reaction showed that the
      classical sequence of complement activation in involved. Anti-EBNA antibody
      reactions in Raji cell nuclei can also be detected by anti-Ig immunofluorescence
      with a low level of sensitivity. The same pattern of granular fluorescence was
      observed when C3 (beta1A/beta1C), or C4 or IgG anti-EBNA antibodies were revealed
      with the corresponding flurescein-conjugated reagents. Blocking of the ACIF
      reaction was achieved with Fab 2 anti-EBNA antibody fragments, which therefore
      provided an appropriate specificity control for the detection of EBNA.

PMID- 166940
TI  - Expression of SV40 T antigen during the cell cycle of sv40-transformed cells.
AB  - The expression of the nuclear SV40-induced T antigen was measured by
      microfluorimetry on individual, asynchronously growing SV40-transformed cells
      which had been stained with hamster T-antiserum by the indirect
      immunofluorescence method. The same individual cells were first measured for T
      antigen and then for DNA by Feulgen microspectrophotometry. A linear correlation
      was observed between the two parameters. T antigen expression was also measured
      in cell populations arrested at different phases of the cell cycle. Results of
      both types of experiments show that the expression of the gene (s) for T antigen
      in transformed cells increases during DNA replication and reaches its highest
      level in G2 nuclei. During mitosis T antigen is found in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 166941
TI  - Immunofluorescence and anti-complement immunofluorescence absorption tests for
      quantitation of Epstein-Barr virus-associated antigens.
AB  - Immunofluorescence absorption methods are described which permit quantitative
      estimation and differentiation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated antigens
      (virus capsid antigen, VCA, early antigen, EA and EBV-determined nuclear antigen,
      EBNA) in cell extracts. EBNA was present in all cell lines (producer and non
      producer) which carried the EBV-genome, while VCA and EA were present in producer
      lines only. All the antigens were absent from a lymphoid cell line (MOLT-4) which
      lacked the EBV-genome, as well as from leukemia cells from peripheral blood. The
      techniques demonstrated antigenic identity of the various antigens when prepared
      from different cell lines.

PMID- 166942
TI  - Studies of Epstein-Barr virus (ebv)-associated nuclear antigen. I. assay in human
      lymphoblastoid cell lines by direct and indirect determination of 125I-IgG
      binding.
AB  - A quantitative assay for EBNA in human lymphoblastiod cell lines has been
      developed. The assay employs EBNA-positive and -negative 125-I-IgG preparations
      as reagents and can be used in a direct or indirect manner. EBNA specificity has
      been demonstrated in a number of ways. The antigenic relationship between EBNA 
      present in Raji cells and in a number of other human lymphoblastiod cell lines of
      diverse origins and between the cell-associated antigen present in FT Raji cells
      and that present in isolated Raji nuclei has been studied. The possibility of
      carrying out blocking titrations for anti-EBNA determination has been
      demonstrated and the effect of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde upon antigenic
      activity in FT Raji cells has been studied.

PMID- 166943
TI  - Serum factors modifying cell mediated immunity to rat hepatoma d23 correlated
      with tumour growth.
AB  - Sera from rats bearing a progressively growing transplanted aminoazo-dye-induced
      hepatoma (hepatoma D23) have been examined for the presence of hepatoma D23
      specfic antigen, antibody and immune complexes throughout the course of tumour
      growth. The levels of these factors have been correlated with the in vitro
      blocking and inhibition of cytotoxic lymph-node cells from immunized animals for
      cultured tumour cells. Sera from animals bearing small tumours (7-14 days after
      tumour implantation contain free tumour-specific antigen whilst immune complexes
      could not be detected. Although these sera were neither blocking nor inhibitory
      under the normal conditions of the test, when concentrated two and fourfold,
      inhibition but not blocking of lymph-node cell cytotoxicity could be detected. In
      comparison sera from animals bearing large tumours (24-28 days) blocked but did
      no inhibit in vitro lymph-node cell cytotoxicity and this correlates with the
      presence of tumour-specific immune complexes in antibody excess. Animals with
      intermediate-sized tumours had high levels of both blocking and inbibitory
      activity in the serum, these effects becoming apparent when neither free antibody
      nor free antigen could be detected. The relevance of these findings to the
      mechanism by which a growing tumour may escape specific cellular immune
      destruction is discussed.

PMID- 166944
TI  - Rat cell line 3y1 and its virogenic polyoma- and sv40- transformed derivatives.
AB  - Cell lines were established from cultures derived from Fischer rat embryos
      according to the transfer schedule described by Todaro and Green (1963) for mouse
      3T3 cells where cell crowding and serum exhaustion were kept to a minimum. Cell
      growth rate did not decline greatly during the course of successive 3-day
      transfers. Like 3T3 cells the rat cell lines possess very low saturation desities
      under standard culture conditions. A clonal cell line with a relatively high
      plating efficiency as obtained from one of the cell lines, 3YL. In these cloned
      cultures, virus growth was not detectable upon infection with SV40, while a small
      amount of virus was produced upon infection with polyoma virus. Morphological
      transformation of the cloned 3Y1 cells by SV40 and polyoma virus could be assayed
      with single-hit kinetics and with effieiencies comparable to those of the
      previously available transformation systems for each virus. Independent cell
      lines transformed by SV40 were consistently virus-free and all the lines tested
      produced SV40 upon fusion with permissive monkey cells. Most of the independent
      transfromed cell lines isolated after polyoma infection appeared to be virus
      free, although the cultures of some lines produced a small amount of polyoma
      virus spontaneously after a prolonged cultivation. Most of the virus-free polyoma
      transformed lines produced virus upon fusion with permissive mouse cells.

PMID- 166945
TI  - Control of nuclear division in sv40 and adenovirus type 12 transformed mouse 3t3
      cells.
AB  - Untransformed, non-tumorigenic mouse cells respond to cytochalasin B (CB) with
      limited nuclear division. BALB/c mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and both BALB/c
      3T3 and Swiss 3T3 cells become binucleated in the presence of CB and cells with
      three or more nuclei are very rare or undetectable. MEF are diploid (40
      chromosomes) and 3T3 cells are subtetraploid (74-76 chromosomes). Transformation
      of MEF by SV40 produces a dramatic change in response to CB. These cells, which
      contain SV40 T-antigen, become highly multinucleated in the presence of CB. More
      than 20% of the cells have at least seven nuclei. Also premature chromosome
      condensation (PCC), an abnormality rare in CB-treated normal cells but one which
      is common to highly multinucleated cells, is frequent and occurs in at least 10%
      of mitoses. SV40-transformed MEF have 40 or 80 chromosomes, e.g. are diploid or
      tetraploid. Transformation of 3T3 by SV40 or adenovirus type 12 does not result
      in a marked change in the response to CB. Although some trinucleate and
      tetranucleate cells are formed, cells with more nuclei are undetectable or rare.
      PCC is also rare. These cells show chromosome numbers somewhat lower than their
      untransformed parents and in one line the chromosome number appears to decrease
      with passage of the cells. This failure to undergo a marked change in
      responsiveness to CB following transformation is not a characteristic of all
      transformed 3T3 cells. SVT2, a line of 3T3 which was transformed by SV40 prior to
      its establishment as a continuous line, responds to CB with a high degree of
      multinucleation. These cells are diploid. These results suggests that 3T3 cells
      are constitutive for controlled nuclear division and that this feature may be
      related to chromosome constitution.

PMID- 166946
TI  - Subpopulations of multiparous rat lymph-node cells cytotoxic for rat tumour cells
      and capable of suppressing cytotoxicity in vitro.
AB  - Lymph-node cells (LNC) from multiparous pregnant rats were separated on columns
      prepared from nylon wool, and tested for cytotoxicity against target tumour
      cells. Reactivity of LNC towards hepatoma D23 and mammary carcinoma AAF57 was
      demonstrated in cell populations retained on the nylon wool, and not with cells
      eluted from the column. Although only 25% of the samples of unfractionated LNC
      were cytotoxic for tumour cells, retained cell fractions were cytotoxic in 11 out
      of 12 tests (p = less than 0.05). Similarly retained LNC were also cytotoxic for
      15-day-old embryo cells but not for normal adult rat fibroblasts. Using
      multiparous rat serum it was shown that the reactivity of the retained LNC
      population could be abrogated in eight out of 11 tests (p = less than 0.05). The
      LNC population recovered from the nylon wool constituted 28 to 35% of the
      original LNC preparation, and consisted of 60-70% Ig-bearing cells together with
      a subpopulation of cells responding to soluble PHA. Separation of multiparous LNC
      on glass beads coated with rat Ig and then rabbit anti-rat Ig (in excess) also
      demonstrated the retained cell population to be cytotoxic against tumour cells.
      Approximately 17-20% of the original cell population was recovered from cells
      retained on the column, and consisted of an enriched Ig-bearing cell population
      (65-80% Ig-bearing cells) and LNC responsive to PHA. Carbonyl iron treatment of
      multiparous rat LNC was found to remove detectable cytotoxicity from multiparous
      rat LNC preparations. The cytotoxicity of multiparous rat LNC retained on nylon
      wool was also abolished following incubation with carbonyl iron. Definite
      conclusions as to the nature of the effector cell cannot be drawn from this test,
      since carbonyl iron treatment was found to remove not only phagocytic cells from
      LNC preparations but also a proportion of other cell populations including Ig
      bearing lymphocytes... In addition to detecting a cytotoxic LNC population
      reactive towards tumour-associated embryonic antigens (retained fractions from
      nylon-wool column separation), a subpopulation of multiparous rat LNC was
      demonstrated in cell fractions eluted from the nylon wool which was shown to
      suppress the cytotoxicity of the retained multiparous LNC population. The exact
      nature of this subpopulation of LNC and the mechanism of action is at present not
      known.

PMID- 166947
TI  - Epidemiological studies on feline leukaemia virus infection. I. A serological
      survey in urban cats.
AB  - A survey of the incidence of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection in cats in a
      large urban area was made by studying the prevalence of antibodies to feline
      leukaemia virus-associated cell membrane antigens. Two serological tests were
      used, immunofluorescence and a mixed immunoglobulin rosette technique. The
      overall incidence of cats with antibodies was 40%, contrasting with 6% in the
      surrounding rural area. Only 6% of urban kittens were positive while 50% of
      adults had antibodies. The incidence in adults rose from 29% at 5-6 months to 74%
      in cats over 3 years. Stray cats had an incidence twice as high as that of
      domestic pets. These results support and extend earlier findings that FeLV
      infection is common and is horizontally transmitted.

PMID- 166948
TI  - Oncogenic transformation of primary hamster cells by herpes simplex virus type 2
      (hsv-2) and an hsv-2 temperature-sensitive mutant.
AB  - Six oncogenically transformed cell lines were obtained following infection of
      hamster embryo fibroblasts with UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
      or with an HSV-2 temperature-sensitive mutant. All lines produced
      undifferentiated fibrosarcomas in newborn hamsters, four of the six lines
      produced metastatic tumors in the lung, and sera from tumor-bearing hamsters
      contained neutralizing antibody to HSV-2. HSV-specific cell-surface antigen (s)
      was detected by immunogluorescence tests in all six of the lines established from
      primary tumors. Antibody to an early, HSV-specific, non-structural polypeptide
      (VP134) reacted by immunofluorescence with antigen(s) in fixed preparation of
      three of the six tumor-cell lines.

PMID- 166949
TI  - Antibody patterns to herpesviruses in kaposi's sarcoma: serological association
      of european kaposi's sarcoma with cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Sera from patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were examined for antibody titres
      to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV)
      types 1 and 2 by four techniques: indirect haemagglutination (IHA), complement
      fixation (CF), virus neutralization (NT) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF).
      The patients were classified, according to the stage of disease, as progressive
      and regressive. Control sera were obtained from healthy adults, matched for age,
      sex, race, socioeconomic status and geographic location, as well as from patients
      with melanoma, some of whom were receiving chemotherapy similar to that given to
      the KS patients. All KS sera contained CMV-neutralizing antibodies. Seventy-five
      percent of the European KS patients, mainly regressors, showed elevated anti-CMV
      titres by IHA with a significant increase in the geometric mean over the
      corresponding healthy adult group and the melanoma group. An overrepresentation
      of high anti-CMV titres, although less marked, was found by CF. There was no
      significant association with antibodies to EBV, HSV-1 and HSV-2 related antigens.
      By contrast, the African KS patients, mainly progressors, did not show a
      serologic association with CMV or with EBV and HSV-1 and 2. The implication of
      these results is discussed.

PMID- 166951
TI  - Studies on cell fusion between Babesia rodhaini-infected  mouse erythrocytes and
      baby hamster kidney cells.

PMID- 166952
TI  - Cyclotron-produced thulium-167 for bone and tumor scanning.

PMID- 166950
TI  - Ion-selective electrodes and enzyme electrodes in environmental and clinical
      studies.
AB  - Electrodes have been developed for the assay of glucose, urea, amino acids, uric
      acid, phosphate, nitrate and perchlorate. The electrodes for the organic
      compounds are enzyme electrodes which are prepared by chemically immobilizing an
      enzyme over the outside of a conventional ion-selective electrode. These
      electrodes will be discussed in depth. The progress and the development of the
      electrodes that show sensitivity and selectivity for phosphate, nitrate and
      perchlorate will be outlined. The basis of these sensors is a complex of a
      transition metal of either an analog of thiourea or an organic chelator, such as
      1,10-phenanthraline. Such electrodes respond linearly to phosphate, nitrate or
      perchlorate, and show selectivity over sulphate, halides and acetate. The linear
      range of all these electrodes is approx. 10(-1)-10(-5) M with a near Nernstian
      slope and a reproducibility of 1%. The electrodes are stable and can be used
      continuously.

PMID- 166953
TI  - Synergistic effects of fad and acth on the 32-p turnover in the adrenal of rats
      treated with a one shot administration of dexamethasone phosphate.
AB  - The effects of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) and of vitamin A for two days to
      25 days old rats has been studied on liver of rats treated with a one shot
      administration of dexamethasone phosphate were investigated. Efforts were made to
      determine whether or not ACTH participates in the action of FAD which affects
      adrenal atrophy induced by steroid hormone administration. The large decrease in
      adrenals 32-P turnover in rat treated with a one shot administration of
      dexamethasone phosphate was reduced by intraperitoneal administration of FAD or
      ACTH alone. This tendency of reduced loss was further promoted by an
      administration of ACTH simultaneously with the FAD. These results suggest the
      presence of a new physiological role for FAD i.e. FAD is able to potentiate the
      action of ACTH. The role was discussed of a possible synergism between FAD and
      ACTH with regard to their action on the induction of adrenal atrophy by steroid
      administration.

PMID- 166955
TI  - Schizophrenia: perchance a dream?

PMID- 166954
TI  - Epilepsy and gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibition.

PMID- 166956
TI  - Peptides and behavior.

PMID- 166957
TI  - Biochemical transfer of acquired information.

PMID- 166958
TI  - Interference of pregnancy steroid hormones with FPN test for estimation of
      phenothiazine derivatives in urine.
AB  - Interference of pregnancy steroid hormones with FPN test for estimation of some
      phenothiazine derivatives in urine has been investigated. The FPN test was
      positive in 97.9% of urine samples obtained from pregnant women. It is supposed
      that metabolites of estrogens and progestagens present in higher amounts in urine
      samples of these women are responsible for this positivity.

PMID- 166959
TI  - Ongoing occipital rhythms and the VER. I. Stimulation at peaks of the alpha
      rhythm.
AB  - As a first step toward determining the source of variability in the visually
      evoked response (VER) between subjects, we have examined the relationships
      between the VER and the alpha-rhythm. This was done by comparing the VER's to
      photic stimuli delivered at positive and negative peaks of the alpha-rhythm
      (alpha-synchronized stimuli) with VER's to flashes delivered at a fixed interval,
      unsynchronized with the alpha-rhythm. Average VER's for the three classes of
      stimuli were calcuated for each of ten subjects. In addition, a grand average VER
      (GVVER) WAS CALCULATED FOR EACH STIMULUS CLASS BY AVERAGING THE INDIVIDUAL
      AVERAGE VER's. Quantitative comparisons between GVER's were made using cross-
      correlograms. Cross-correlograms were calculated between each of the GVER's, and
      between the GVER's to alpha-synchronized stimulation and their controls. These
      data show that the first 120 msec. poststimulus interval of the Gver's to alpha
      synchronized stimulation are highly correlated with the prestimulus alpha-
      rhythm. The data also show a component occurring in al GVER's which is
      independent of the alpha-rhythm. This component begins 120 msec. After
      stimulation, reaches peak amplitude at 200 msec, and decays to baseline at 240
      msec. Thses findings suggest that much of the variability in VER recordings may
      be due to alpha-activity which has been insufficiently attenuated by averaging.

PMID- 166960
TI  - Growth of calcium oxalate crystals. II. Inhibition by natural urinary crystal
      growth inhibitors.
AB  - A method is described for quantitatively determining the inhibitory activity of
      pure components, isolates, or mixtures of components (such as urine) on the
      growth of calcium oxalate crystals. Results with known calcium phosphate crystal
      growth inhibitors--magnesium, citrate, and pyrophosphate--suggest that these
      components contribute little to the ability to normal urine to inhibit the growth
      of calcium oxalate crystals. As yet unidentified urinary components seem to be
      responsible for most of this activity. The urinary crystal growth inhibitors
      appear to function by adsorbing on  the surface of the growing crystals, thereby
      preventing the further incorporation of lattice ions. The fit of experimental
      data to the Langmuir absorption isotherm supports this conclusion.

PMID- 166961
TI  - Pathogenesis of pyelonephritis. Escherichia coli-induced renal ultrastructural
      changes.
AB  - Escherichia coli-induced renal ultrastructural changes were observed 4 hr after
      the intravenous injection of 2 times 10-minus 6 bacteria. The initial changes
      consisted of mitochondrial swelling followed by intracellular vacuolation,
      nuclear membrane dilation, and increased lysosomal phagocytic activity.
      Alterations in the appearance of proximal tubular lysosomes included a loss of
      osmiophilic staining properties. Many of the involved cells showed necrosis and
      can presumably act as a nidus for bacterial proliferation.

PMID- 166962
TI  - Mentally ill mothers and their institutionalized infants in Israel.

PMID- 166963
TI  - G-band analysis in a serially transplanted Rous rat sarcoma.

PMID- 166964
TI  - Changes in the deoxyadenylate regions of rat DNA in sarcomas induced by 7,12
      dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene and Rous sarcoma virus.

PMID- 166966
TI  - Ultrastructural demonstration of NAD-pyrophosphorylase activity in mouse liver
      nuclei.
AB  - Ultrastructural demonstration of NAD-pyrophosphorylase activity (E.C.2.7.7.1) in
      isolated mouse liver nuclei was investigated with the use of an
      electronhistochemical procedure based on the precipitation of pyrophosphate ions
      with lead ions under conditions permitting simultaneous ATPase inhibition by
      formaldehyde/ethanol prefixation. In isolated mouse liver nuclei activity of NAD
      pyrophosphorylase was found in nucleoli, in interchromatin granules, coiled
      bodies and strand-like structures in nucleoplasm.

PMID- 166965
TI  - A new fluorescent method for the demonstration of macromolecular aldehydes.
AB  - The fluorochrome, p-hydrazinoacridine (HA), is used to stain selectively natural
      macromolecular aldehydes as occur in elastic tissue as well as periodic acid
      (oxidized) or hydrochloric acid (hydrolyzed) engendered polyaldehydes (e.g.,
      respectively of glycogen, mucosubstances and deoxyribonucleic acid). The reaction
      is independent of SO2 required in Schiff-type reactions. The mechanism of the
      staining reaction is presumably via the formation of fluorescent hydrazones from
      aldehyde condensation with HA. Aldehyde blocking agents, i.e., thiosemicarbazide
      and sodium borohydride, block the staining reactions with HA. In view of the
      controversy surrounding the mechanism of Schiff-type reactions and the lack of an
      adequate explanation for the affinity of miscellaneous fluorochromes for elastic
      tissue, p-hydrazinoacridine appears to be an ideal reagent, combining a simple
      staining procedure, excellent histological results and a straightforward
      mechanism for its selectivity.

PMID- 166967
TI  - Ultrastructural demonstration of phosphatases by perfusion fixation followed by
      perfusion incubation of rat liver.
AB  - An alternative to previous methods (tissue chopper, frozen sections) for the
      ultrastructural demonstration of phosphatases is described. The present approach
      is based on a short vascular perfusion of rat liver with glutaraldehyde through
      the inferior caval vein, followed by vascular perfusion incubation with a medium
      containing the enzyme substrates. The effect of glutaraldehyde on three different
      types of phosphatases was investigated, namely a lysosomal enzyme (acid
      phosphatase) a tightly bound microsomal enzyme (G6Pase) and a loosely bound
      microsomal enzyme (IDPase). It is demonstrated that by perfusion with
      glutaraldehyde for three minutes good cellular morphology is obtained and that 50
      60% of the initial activity of glucose-6-phosphatase, inosine-diphosphatase and
      acid phosphatase remains. The localization and deposition of G6Pase activity were
      distinct and observed throughout the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear
      envelope. For acid phosphatase, the reaction product was confined to various
      types of lysosomes including presumed autophagic vacuoles. No signs of enzyme
      diffusion were noted. The present approach seems to offer some advantages: it is
      simple and requires no extra equipment, penetration of the fixative and
      incubation enzyme medium is good, and finally freeze artifacts are avoided.

PMID- 166968
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of glucose 6-phosphatase activity in tracheal
      epithelium of the rat.
AB  - Ultrastructural localization of glucose 6-phosphatase activity was studied in the
      tracheal epithelium of the rat. The reaction product for the enzyme activity was
      localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of all cell types
      composing the tracheal epithelium, namely ciliated cells, goblet cells, brush
      cells and basal cells. This pattern of localization is similar to that shown by
      hepatocytes, proximal convoluted tubule cells of the kidney and a variety of
      other cell types. The function of this enzyme in tracheal epithelial cells is
      discussed.

PMID- 166969
TI  - Mitochondrial structure in the rat adrenal cortex.
AB  - Two distinct classes of mitochondria are described in the normal adrenal cortex
      of the Sprague Dawley CFY rat. Polyaminar mitochondria were frequently observed
      in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis, particularly after ACTH stimulation
      of the cortex resulting from cold-stress exposure. It is uncertain whether such
      organelles are degenerating forms, or whether they have a specific functional
      role related to steroidogenesis in the normal cortical cell. In both normal and
      stressed adrenal cortices, protrusions of the outer membrane of mitochondria were
      evident, and were often seen penetrating lipid droplets. It is suggested that
      these protrusions may have some significance in the transport of cholesterol from
      the lipid droplet to the inner mitochondrial memrane 'desmolase complex', thus
      facilitating side-chain cleavage of cholesterol to pregnenolone.

PMID- 166970
TI  - Protein protected fat for ruminants II. Serum lipids and lipoproteins.

PMID- 166971
TI  - Comparison of the tumorigenic effects of chemical carcinogens and hormones.

PMID- 166972
TI  - Influence of cycloheximide on the lung.
AB  - We examined the time course of the influence of cycloheximide on descending
      pressure-volume curves of excised lungs and on protein and lecithin synthesis and
      oxygen consumption by lung slices. We also looked at the influence of
      cycloheximide on granular pneumocyte ultrastructure. Excised lungs from
      cycloheximide-treated animals are more compliant than controls. After ventilation
      with air, lungs from control and cycloheximide animals show increased retractive
      forces and a shift to the right of the deflation P-V curve. Incubation at 38
      degrees C for 30 min reverses these changes in control lungs, but not in lungs
      from cycloheximide-treated rabbits. There is no change in liquid delfation P-V
      curves after cycloheximide. Cycloheximide causes an immediate decrease of 50% in
      incorporation of radioactive leucine into protein by lung slices. Incorporation
      of radioactive palmitate into lecithin and oxygen consumption are also decreased
      by 50% 6 h after cycloheximide. Lamellar bodies in granular pneumocytes are
      smaller after cycloheximide. Cycloheximide causes a significant increase in the
      surface density of the lamellar body envelope. Cytoplasmic area of granular
      pneumocytes is increased after cycloheximide.

PMID- 166973
TI  - Comparison of virus recovery techniques for assessing the virucidal activity of
      disinfectant spray products.
AB  - A comparison was made of virus recovery from inoculated glass surfaces by 3
      different viral recovery techniques used in spray test methods. On a total of 7,
      5, and 5 observations, for the cover glass crushing, cotton swab rubbing, and
      microscopic slide shaking techniques, respectively, the log reduction of the
      median tissue culture infective dose (log TCID-50/ml) averaged 1.48, 2.57, and
      2.22, the mean percentage recovery was 77.98, 61.55, and 66.94%, and the
      coefficient of variation was 4.37, 10.01, and 7.42%. The cover glass technique
      was found to be the least variable and the most effective and precise of the 3
      methods.

PMID- 166974
TI  - Detection of ochratoxin A in barley, using silica gel minicolumns.
AB  - A simplified procedure has been developed to detect ochratoxin A in cereals which
      can be used in the field where equipment for thin layer chromatography is not
      available. The procedure includes extraction of the acidified sample with
      chloroform, purification over sodium bicarbonate, and minicolumn chromatography.
      Under longwave ultraviolet light ochratoxin A appears as a blue-green fluorescent
      band at the lower end of the column. Contamination levels as low as 12 ppb can be
      detected by this method.

PMID- 166975
TI  - Quantitative fluorodensitometric determination and survey of aflatoxins in
      nutmeg.
AB  - A study is presented for the quantitative fluorodensitometric analysis of
      aflatoxins in spices, in particular nutmeg (Semen myristicae). Samples were
      extracted with chloroform, followed by silica gel column cleanup according to the
      AOAC officail first action method, 26.019(a), and by 2-dimensional thin layer
      chromatography according to the antidiagonal technique. The method includes a
      confirmatory test for aflatoxins by hemiacetal formation. The concentrations of
      aflatoxins in samples were determined by measurement of the fluorescent
      intensities of the separated aflatoxin spots from sample and standards on the
      same chromato-plate with a reflectance flying-spot sensitometer. With such a
      technique, a coefficient of variation value of 5.22 plus or minus 1.24% (P = 99%)
      was calculated for a series of 5 standard B-1 spots and averaged for 13 TLC
      plates, demonstrating the precision of the chromatographic and densitometric
      procedures. An average recovery of 108.4 plus or minus 5.8% (P = 95%) was
      obtained for 11 spiked nutmeg extracts (5.0-20.0 mu-g B-1 added/kg), whereas an
      average recovery of 92.6 plus or minus 4.9 (P = 95%) was established for 13
      spiked nutmeg samples (5.0-20.0 mu-g B-1 added/kg). The coefficient of variation
      of the complete analytical procedure for ground nutmeg was 8.80%. In a survey on
      the occurrence of aflatoxins in 40 commercial nutmeg samples (covering 12
      different brands) in The Netherlands, aflatoxins were detected in 30 ground
      samples (32 ground samples analyzed) in concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 23.2
      mu-g B-1/kg or 2.7 to 36.5 mu-g B-1 + B-2 + G-1 + G-2/kg, whereas no aflatoxins
      were present in whole nutmeg kernels (8 samples analyzed). The lowest level of
      detection was 1.0 mu-g B-1/kg. In addition, 50 commercial spices consisting of 19
      different types of commodities other than nutmeg wer assayed for aflatoxins
      according to the same procedure. No aflatoxins were detected in these samples,
      with the exception of 1 sample of bay leaf which contained 5.1 mu-g B-1/kg.

PMID- 166976
TI  - Role of adenylate kinase in the regulation of macromolecular biosynthesis in a
      putative mutant of Escherichia coli defective in membrane phospholipid
      biosynthesis.
AB  - The regulation of macromolecular biosynthesis was studied in a temperature
      sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli previously identified as containing a single
      mutation causing a thermolabile sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, the
      first enzyme of the pathway for phospholipid biosynthesis. When this mutant was
      shifted to a nonpermissive temperature, phospholipid synthesis, as well as
      ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis, decreased in a
      coordinate manner, suggesting the existence of a common regulatory mechanism.
      During the same time that the rate of macromolecular synthesis was decreasing at
      the nonpermissive temperature, the intracellular concentration of adenosine 5'
      triphosphate dropped dramatically and the concentration of adenosine
      monophosphate increased. The concentration of adenosine 5'-diphosphate dropped,
      but not as markedly. The decrease in macromolecular synthesis and the changes in
      the adenine nucleotide concentrations can now be attributed to a thermolabile
      adenylate kinase. The inactivation of adenylate kinase prevented the cell from
      converting adenosine 5'-monophosphate to adenosine 5'-diphosphate and
      consequently from making adenosine 5'-triphosphate. This in turn caused a
      decrease in the rate of macromolecular synthesis and cell growth. Adenylate
      kinase, therefore, is a key enzyme in controlling the rate of cell growth. The
      nature of the possible relationship between adenylate kinase and glycerol-3
      phosphate acyltransferase is discussed.

PMID- 166977
TI  - Multiple forms of cytochrome b in Mycobacterium phlei: kinetics of reduction.
AB  - The kinetics of reduction of the b-type cytochromes in the electron transport
      particles (ETP) from Mycobacterium phlei were studied with nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide, reduced form (NADH) or succinate as electron donors. There appeared
      to be three active cytochromes b in the ETP,bS563 and bS559, which were reducible
      by either substrate, and bN563, which was reducible by NADH but not by succinate.
      In the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a substantial increase in b563
      reduction was observed with succinate at anaerobiosis. This was followed by a
      decrease in absorption. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate did not effect an increase in
      cytochrome b563 reduction at transition with NADH, but the occurrence of a
      secondary decrease in absorption was reflected in a decrease in total enzymatic
      reduction. The adenosine 5'-triphosphate effect was altered in trypsin-treated
      ETP, and abolished by uncoupling agents or by removal of the coupling factor
      latent adenosine triphosphatase. In the presence of a supernatant fraction
      obtained during the preparation of the ETP, b563 reduction with succinate was
      greatly increased. A smaller increase was observed with NADH. Cytochrome b
      reduction was also studied in ETP inhibited by 2-n-nonylhydroxyquinoline-N-oxide,
      which appears to inhibit at bS563. On the basis of these data the
      interrelationships among the b-type cytochromes can be described in relation to
      the M. phlei electron transport chain.

PMID- 166978
TI  - Replication of R-factor R1 in Scherichia coli K-12 at different growth rates.
AB  - The R-factor R1drd-19 mediates resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics via a beta
      lactamase. A strain of Escherichia coli K-12 carrying R1drd-19 was grown at
      different growth rates by using different carbon sources. The specific rate of
      production of the R1 beta-lactamase increased linearly with the growth rate and
      with the gene dosage. The content of R1 deoxyribonucleic acid was estimated by
      alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation and by analysis of the specific rate of
      beta-lactamase synthesis in nutritional shift-up experiments and was found to
      decrease fivefold when the growth rate was increased from 0.4 to 1.8 doublings
      per h. The number of R1 molecules per cell decreased from six to two in the same
      growth range. The presence of the plasmid affected the mean cell size
      significantly; at a growth rate of 0.4 doublings per h the R-+ cells were on the
      average 50% bigger than the R-minus cells, whereas the effect was less than 10%
      at a growth rate of 1.8 doublings per h. Several reports in the leterature state
      that the initiation mass of chromosome replication is constant. In this paper it
      is shown that the initiation mass of R1 replication is proportional to the growth
      rate. Thus, the replication of the plasmid R1 and of the chromosome are
      independently regulated processes. It is argued that plasmid replication is under
      negative control.

PMID- 166979
TI  - Organization and control in the arginine biosynthetic pathway of Neurospora.
AB  - Eight enzymes involved in the conversion of acetylglutamate to arginine in
      Neurospora crassa were studied. The data indicate that of three enzymes early in
      the sequence, only the first, acetylglutamate kinase, is a nonorganellar enzyme.
      The next two, N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase and acetylornithine
      aminotransferase, are in the mitochondrion, which was previously shown to contain
      the subsequent enzymes: acetylornithine-glutamate acetyltransferase, ornithine
      carbamyltransferase, and carbamyl-phosphate synthetase A (arginine specific). The
      last two enzymes of the pathway, argininosuccinate synthetase and
      argininosuccinate lyase, were previously shown to be cytosolic. All enzymes but
      one have low amplitudes or repression. Their levels respond little to arginine
      excess and are about twofold elevated (threefold for ornithine
      carbamyltransferase) as a result of arginine limitation in the arg-12-8 strain.
      No restriction of the incorporation of mitochondrial enzymes into mitochondria
      could be detected when the levels of these enzymes were elevated. Two enzymes,
      acetylglutamate kinase and carbamyl-phosphate synthetase A, which initiate the
      synthesis of the ornithine and guanidino moieties of arginine, respectively, show
      the lowest specific activities in crude extract. These enzymes display special
      regulatroy features. Acetylglutamate kinase, which has a typically low amplitude
      of repression, is subject to feedback inhibition. Carbamyl-phosphate synthetase A
      is wholly insensitive to arginine or citrulline in vitro or in vivo, but displays
      a very large amplitude of repression (about 60-fold). It is unique in that it can
      be almost completely repressed by growth of mycelia in excess arginine. These
      data suggest that mitochondrial localization may be incompatible with a mechanism
      of feedback inhibition by a cytosolic effector, arginine. Further, they suggest
      that the high repressibility of carbamyl-phosphate synthetase A compensates for
      its feedback insensitivity.

PMID- 166980
TI  - Ultrastructal morphology of some prokaryotic microorganisms associated with the
      hindgut of cockroaches.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used
      to visualize the morphology and ultrastructure of two types of microorganisms in
      the hindgut of the cockroach Blaberus posticus. Both organisms, designated as
      either short or long rods, are attached to chitinous projections from the gut
      wall. Micrographs suggest that the organisms are prokaryotic with a cell wall
      complex characteristic of gram-negative bacteria. However, certain differences
      were noted between the cell wall complex of the two types. Two forms of the long
      rod type were noted, with one form appearing to be a "degenerate" or
      "transitional" cell. In the degenerate cells, vesicles are observed that often
      are contiguous with the cytoplasmic membrane. There are indications that the long
      rod type may divide by longitudinal fission. Neither the short- nor long-rod type
      has been cultivated in its respective recognizable form.

PMID- 166981
TI  - Mechanism of the isomerization of isopentenyl pyrophosphate in Rhodotorual rubra
      1.
AB  - Stereospecifically labeled mevalonic acid was incorporated into the carotenoids
      of Rhodotorula. The randomized results are discussed in relation to mechanisms
      proposed for the conversion of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to dimethylallyl
      pyrophosphate and the prenol transferase enzyme system to Rhondotorula rubra.

PMID- 166982
TI  - Increased ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake and sodium and potassium ion-activated
      adenosine triphosphatase activity in transformed cell lines.
AB  - During the log phase of growth both the active, ouabain-sensitive K+ uptake,
      measured as 86Rb+, and the sodium and potassium ion-activated ATPase ((Na+ + K+)
      ATPase) activity of SV40-transformed 3T3 cells were 2.5-and 5,5-fold higher,
      respectively, than in untransformed 3T3 cells. A similar higher active K+ uptake
      was found for Rous sarcoma virus and SV40-transformed baby hamster kidney cells
      compared with untransformed BHK cells. The active K+ uptake in SV403T3 and normal
      3T3 cells decreased when the growth rate of both cell types diminished. Reduction
      in ouabain-sensitive ATP hydrolysis only occurred later, however, when
      appreciable decreases in cell viability were seen. Arrhenius plots of the (Na+ +
      K+)-ATPase activity of SV403T3 cells indicated a discontinuity at 24 degrees,
      whereas no similar discontinuity was indicated for 3T3 cells. The consequences of
      elevated K+ transport and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity in transformed cells and the
      possibility that the increased activity might be related to differences
      inphospholipid fatty acyl chain fluidity are discussed.

PMID- 166983
TI  - Adenylate kinase of human erythrocyte. Isolation and properties of the
      predominant inherited form.
AB  - Adenylate kinase exists in the human erythrocyte in a number of molecular forms
      with two allels at a single polymorphic locus coding for most of the enzyme
      forms. The predominant enzyme form, AK a, was purified to constant specific
      activity in excess of 3000 and appeared homogeneous by chromatography,
      electrophoresis, and ultracentrifugation. Sedimentation velocity and partial
      specific volume measurments of AK a yielded values of s20,w = 2.1 S and 0.722 cm
      3per g. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 22,500 by
      sedimentation equilibrium and gel filtration analyses. The molecular weight of
      the denatured enzyme did not differ, indicating an absence of subunit structure
      in confirmation of genetic evidence of a single locus coding for the enzyme. The
      isolated enzyme demonstrated remarkable stability to denaturants (heat, guanidine
      HCl, urea) in the presence of appropriate stabilizing agents and could not be
      distinguished from rabbit muscle enzyme on this basis (as well as by a number of
      other kinetic and physicochemical parameters). The erythrocyte adenylate kinases
      have a common molecular size but differ in their charge properties. They
      demonstrate anomalous electrophoretic behavior, migrating anionic to hemoglobin
      in starch gel, yet exhibit isoelectric points considerably alkaline to hemoglobin
      (e.g. AK a, pI = 9.0) by isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 166984
TI  - Thf complete amino acid sequence of C-I (apoLp-Ser), an apolipoprotein from human
      very low density lipoproteins.
AB  - C-I was prepared from very low density lipoproteins of patients with familial
      type V hyperliporproteinemia. Peptides from tryptic digests of unmodified and
      succinylated C-I, chymotryptic peptides, and the products of cayanogen bromide
      cleavage were isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis of tryptic peptides
      was performed by the dansyl (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) technique and
      hydrolytic regeneration  of the amino acid residues from the phenylthiocarbamyl
      derivatives. Alignment of the tryptic fragments within the cyanogen bromide and
      succinyl-tryptic peptides was confirmed by the overlap chymotryptic peptides. The
      complete amino acid sequence of C-I, 57 residues in length, does not reveal any
      obvious basis for its lipophilic properties.

PMID- 166985
TI  - Piericiden A sensitivity, site 1 phosphorylation, and reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase during iron-limited growth of Candida utilis.
AB  - It has been reported that cells of Candida utilis, grown in continuous culture
      under iron-limited conditions, develop site 1 phosphorylation, without the
      appearance of piericidin sensitivity and without changes in the iron-sulfur
      centers of NADH dehydrogenase, on aeration in the presence of cycloheximide, as
      well as on increasing the supply of iron during growth. These findings were
      reinvestigated in the present study. The parameters and properties followed
      during these transitions were sensitivity of NADH oxidation to piericidin,
      presence or absence of coupling site 1, EPR signals appearing on reduction with
      NADH or dithionite, the specific activities of NADH oxidase, NADH-ferricyanide
      reductase, and NADH-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone) reductase, and the
      kinetic behavior of NADH dehydrogenase in the ferricyanide assay. Monitoring the
      rates of oxidation of NADH in submitochondrial particles with artificial
      oxidants, observing the kinetics of the ferricyanide assay, and measuring the
      concentration of iron-sulfur centers elicited by EPR permitted ascertaining the
      type of NADH dehydrogenase present and its relative concentration in different
      experimental situations. It was found that on gradually increasing the
      concentration of iron during continuous culture (transition from ironlimited to
      iron- and substrate-limited growth), as well as on aeration of iron-limited
      cells, coupling site 1, piericidin sensitivity, NADH-ferricyanide activity, and
      iron-sulfur centers 1 and 2 increased concurrently, with concomitant decline of
      NADH-juglone reductase activity. Cycloheximide prevented all these changes. Iron
      sulfur centers 3 plus 4 underwent relatively little increase during these
      transitions. It is concluded that in both of these experimental conditions a
      replacement of the type of NADH dehydrogenase present in exponential phase cells
      by that characteristic of stationary phase cells occurs and that the appearance
      of site 1 phosphorylation, piercidin sensitivity, and iron-sulfur centers 1 plus
      2, all associated with the latter enzyme, is a consequence of this replacement.
      No evidence was found for the development of coupling site 1 without the
      appearance of piericidin sensir th

PMID- 166986
TI  - The distribution and dissociation of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      dependent protein kinases in adipose, cardiac, and other tissues.
AB  - In crude extracts of adipose tissue the protein kinase dissociates slowly at 30
      degrees into regulatory and catalytic subunits in the presence of 700 mug per ml
      of histone or 0.5 M NaCl. If the kinase is first dissociated by adding 10 muM
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP), reassociation occurs instantaneously after
      removal of the cAMP by Sephadex G-25 chromatography. In contrast, in crude
      xtracts of heart, the protein kinase dissociates rapidly in the presence of 700
      mug per ml of histone or 0.5 M NaCl and reassociates slowly after removal of
      cAMP. These differences are accounted for by the existence of two types of
      protein kinases in these tissues, referred to as types I and II. DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography of extracts of adipose tissue produces only one peak of cAMP
      dependent protein kinase activity (type II) which elutes between 0.15 and 0.25 M
      NaCl. Similar chromatography of heart extracts resolves enzyme activity into two
      peaks; a type I enzyme which elutes between 0.05 and 0.1 M and predominates
      (greater than 75% of total activity), and a type II enzyme which elutes between
      0.15 and 0.25 M NaCl. The dissociation properties of the types I and II enzymes
      from heart and adipose tissue are retained after partial purification by DEAE
      cellulose and Sepharose 6B chromatography. Rechromatography of the separated
      peaks of the cardiac enzymes does not change the elution pattern. Sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation and gel filtration studies indicate that the molecular
      weights of these enzymes are very similar. The type II enzyme isolated by DEAE
      cellulose chromatography of heart extracts resembles the adipose tissue enzyme,
      i.e. it undergoes slow dissociation at 30 degrees in the presence of histone or
      0.5 M NaCl. The adipose tissue kinase and the heart type II kinase are not
      identical, however, since they do not elute at exactly the same point on DEAE
      cellulose columns. A survey of several tissues indicates the presence of type I
      and II protein kinases similar to the enzymes in adipose tissue and heart as
      determined by DEAE-cellulose chromatography of crude extracts and by dissociation
      of the enzymes with histone. The presence of MgATP prevents dissociation of type
      I enzyme from heart by 0.5 M NaCl or histone. The profile of the enzyme on DEAE
      cellulose, however, is not changed...

PMID- 166988
TI  - Equilibrium and water proton relaxation rate enhancement properties of
      formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase-manganous ion-substrate complexes.
AB  - Binding of Mn(pi)-nucleotide complexes to the enzyme formyltertrahydrofolate
      synthetase (EC 6.3.4.3) from Clostridium cylindrosporum has been examined in the
      presence and absence of other substrates by solvent proton relaxation
      mearurements. MnADP and MnATP form ternary complexes with the enzyme with highly
      enhanced proton relaxation rates for water. The enhancement parameters, epsilont,
      for the MnADP and MnATP ternary complexes are 19.8 and 12.5, respectively at 24.3
      MHZ and 25 degrees. Titration curves with constant total concentrations of enzyme
      and Mn(pi) with variable nucleotide concentration are similar to those observed
      in similar titrations with the endp and MnATP are 175 muM and 64 muM,
      respectively at 25 degrees. Addition of tetrahydrofolate to solutions of the
      MnADP OR MnATP ternary complexes lowers the observed relaxation enhancement
      markedly. An analysis of titration curves with constant total concentrations of
      enzyme, Mn(pi), and nucleotide with variable tetrahydrofolate concentration gives
      the dissociation constant for tetrahydrofolate from the respective quaternary
      complexes. The affinity of the enzyme for tetrahydrofolate is increased 6-fold
      when MnADP is present at the active site whereas a 3-fold increase is observed
      with MnATP present. Furthermore, there is a 20-fold increase in the enzyme's
      affinity for tetrahydrofolate when both MnADP and the third substrate, formate,
      are present. The observed relaxation rate of water for solutions of the complex,
      enzyme-MnADP-tetrahydrofolate-formate, is deenhanced with respect to the rate
      observed for the simple aquo-Mn(pi) solution. Addition of nitrate to solutions of
      the above complex increases the affinity of the enzyme for tetrahydrofolate and
      MnADP by an additional factor of 5 and lowers the relaxation rate further to a
      value which approaches that for solutions of the enzyme and substrates which lack
      the paramagnetic cation.

PMID- 166987
TI  - The regulated catabolism of endogenous and exogenous phosphatidylinositol by
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae leading to extracellular glycerophosphorylinositol and
      inositol.
AB  - It was previously shown that phosphatidylinositol catabolism leads to the
      accumulation of glycerophosphorylinositol in the culture medium of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae. We now find that lack of an energy source (glucose) reduces the
      formation of glycerophosphorylinositol and increases extra-cellular inositol.
      This situation is reversed by refeeding glucose. [3H]Phosphatidylinositol is the
      precursor of extra-cellular [3H]inositol with energy-starved cells. Extracellular
      glycerophosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylethanolamine accumulate more slowly
      than glycerophosphorylinositol in the growth medium and do not appear to be a
      strongly affected by energy starvation. Phosphatidylinositol deacylation appears
      to occur at the cell surface in a regulated manner. Exogenously added
      phosphatidylinositol apparently does not mix randomly with the endogenous pool
      since it is not converted to either inositol-containing sphingolipid or to
      diphosphoinositide, both previously shown to be derived in part from cellular
      phosphatidylinositol. Labeled exogenous phosphatidylinositol is, however,
      quantitatively converted to glycerophosphorylinositol with the probable
      intermediat formation of monoacyl-glycerophosphorylinositol. Breakdown of
      exogenous phosphatidylinositol requires an energy source and does not lead to
      free inositol. Deacylation of exogenously added 1-acyl-glycerophosphorylinositol
      occurs much faster than deacylation of phosphatidylinositol and does not require
      an energy source. Glycerophosphorylethanolamine formation from exogenous
      phosphatidylethanolamine occurs about as fast as the breakdown of
      phosphatidylinositol and is also inhibited in the absence of energy source. The
      much slower deacylation of exogenous phosphatidylcholine was also affected by an
      energy source. Glycerophosphorylinosiyolaccumulates in the culture medium of
      Kloeckera apiculata, Saccharomyces carlsbergenis, and Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 166989
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance and water proton relaxation rate studies of
      formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase-manganous ion complexes. Evidence for
      involvement of substrates in the promotion of a catalytically competent active
      site.
AB  - Conformational properties of the active site of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase
      from Clostridium cylindrosorum have been examined by EPR spectroscopy and by
      solvent proton relaxation rate (PPR) studies of manganous complexes with the
      enzyme. Ternary enzyme-Mn-nucleotide complexes give EPR spectra which are very
      similar to those for the binary Mn-nucleotide complexes. However, upon addition
      of tetrahydrofolate to form the quaternary complexes, enzyme-MnADP
      tetrahydrofolate and enzyme MnATP-tetrahydrofolate the EPR line shapes are
      changed substantially. Spectra for the quaternary complexes exhibit narrow line
      widths, and the splitting patterns are characteristic of a slightly asymmetric
      electronic environment for the bound Mn(II). Addition of formate to the ADP
      quatenary complex induces a further significant narrowing of the EPR line widths,
      although in the absence of tetrahydrofolate, formate does not influence the EPR
      spectrum for the enzyme-MnADP species. Both Pi and nitrate cause changes in the
      EPR patterns for the higher complexes of the enzyme which involve both ADP and
      tetrahydololate. However, the Pi effect is not influenced by the presence of
      formate whereas the characteristic effect of nitrate is potentiated only when
      formate is present. EPR sectra for the thernary complex with the beta, gamma
      methylene analog of ATP App(CH2)p differ significantly from spectra for the
      binary App(CH)p complex is not influenced by further additions of
      tetrahydrofolate and of tetrahydorfolate and formate. The failure of spectra for
      the App(CH)p complex to respond to additions of the other substrates for the
      reaction is in marked contrast to the behavior found for the natural nucleotide
      substrates and is tentatively attributed to the lack of a protein-mediated
      interaction between the nucleotide and tetrahydrofolate binding sites in the
      analog complex. The frequency dependence of solvent PRR in the presence of the
      various complexes allows an estimate of the correlation times for electron
      nuclear dipolar interaction and thereby the extent of hydration of the bound
      Mn(II) among the various complexes..

PMID- 166990
TI  - Reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide peroxidase. Intermediates formed on
      reduction of the enzyme with dithionite or reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide.
AB  - DPNH peroxidase is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-containing flavoprotein.
      Anaerobic titration of enzyme with dithionite has shown that the active site of
      the enzyme contains 2 mol of flavin and in addition 1 mol of a non-flavin
      electron acceptor that is tentatively identified as a disulfide group. Thus
      complete reduction of the enzyme requires 3 mol of dithionite per mole of active
      site. The first mole of dithionite reduces the non-flavin acceptor; complex
      formation between the reduced acceptor and one of the bound flavin molecules
      causes the formation of a long wavelength absorption band between 500 and 670 nm.
      The second mole of dithionite reduces the flavin that interacts with the reduced
      non-flavin group, and the long wavelength band disappears. The third mole of
      dithionite reduces the second mole of flavin. All groups are reoxidized in the
      presence of air. DPNH reacts with only two of the enzyme-bound electron
      acceptors. The first mole of DPNH reduces the non-flavin group to form an
      intermediate (I) that is almost identical with that formed by dithionite. The
      second mole of DPNH complexes with the second flavin of Intermediate I to form
      Intermediate II. This reaction causes a further absorbance increase in the long
      wavelength region; the tail of the absorption band now extends to 960 nm. The
      titration data (potassium phosphate, 0.05 M, pH 7.0) can be fitted with
      dissociation constants of 1 times 10-7 M for the formation of I, and 3 times 10-6
      M for the conversion of I to II. In air, species II is oxidized to I; I is stable
      in air, but is oxidized stoichiometrically to oxidized enzyme by H2O2. Present
      evidence suggests that bound DPN-plus is responsible for the air stability of
      species I. Intermediate I, but not oxidized enzyme, reacts slowly with
      phenylmercuric acetate. This reaction causes loss of the air-stable intermediate
      and parallel loss in enzyme activity. The inactive enzyme cannot be reduced by
      DPNH to Species I; DPNH can, however, still react with the second flavin to form
      the autoxidizable complex. With other methods of enzyme inactivation there is
      also a direct correlation between residual enzyme activity and the ability of
      enzyme to form the air-stable intermediate. It is concluded that the air-stable
      intermediate is an important catalytic species.

PMID- 166991
TI  - Hydrophobic binding sites on human interferon.
AB  - Human interferon binds to a omega-carboxpentyl-agarose column at low ionic
      strength (0.15 M NaCl) and is still retained when the ionic strength is raised
      (to 1.0 M NaCl). The binding can be reversed, however, by ethylene glycol,
      indicating a hydrophobic interaction. The binding of human interferon to omega
      aminohexyl-agarose is weak, even at a low ionic strength, and is probably
      exclusively electrostatic. This disparate binding behavior may be caused by the
      presence of a positive charge, adjacent to the hydrophobic binding site, on human
      interferon. The interaction of human interferon with omega-carboxypentyl-agarose
      is quite selective, inasmuch as the majority of proteins present in interferon
      preparations pass through the column unretained. Hydrophobic chromatography of
      human interferon may thus be useful in its purification.

PMID- 166992
TI  - On the fidelity of DNA replication. Characterization of polynucleotides with
      errors in base-pairing synthesized by avian myeloblastosis virus deoxyribonucleic
      acid polymerase.
AB  - Polynucleotide templates were copied by avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase
      ("reverse transcriptase") and the frequency and distribution of errors were
      determined. The error rate with [r(pA)2500-d(pT)12-18] template-initiator under a
      variety of conditions was approximately 1/600, i.e. one incorrect dCMP
      incorporated for 600 correct dTMP polymerized. Addition of the metal chelator o
      phenanthroline to the reaction inhibited the incorporation of correct and
      incorrect nucleotides proportionately. The enzyme inhibited a pH optimum of 8.5
      and the error rate remained constant over a range of pH (6.0 to 10.0). The rate
      of polymerization was greater at higher temperatures and approximately doubled
      for every 10 degrees increase. The error rate was constant at all temperatures.
      These results indicate that the purified avian myeloblastosis virus DNA
      polymerase synthesizes polydeoxynucleotides with an unusually large number of
      errors in base-pairing. Velocity sedimentation of the products of the reaction
      obtained at various times during the course of synthesis indicate that: (a) the
      entire length of the 14 S template was copied, and (b) the incorporation of the
      incorrect nucleotide did not terminate chain propagation. Isopyknic banding in
      neutral and alkaline cesium sulfate gradients showed that the noncomplementary
      nucleotides are incorporated into the polydeoxynucleotide product. Stepwise
      degradation and nearest neighbor analysis of the reaction product indicated that
      (a) the correct and incorrect nucleotides are present in phosphodiester linkages,
      (b) the errors are not concentrated at either termini; and (c) the errors are
      uniformly distributed throughout the newly synthesized polydeoxynucleotide.

PMID- 166993
TI  - Carbamylphosphate synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium. Regulations, subunit
      composition, and function of the subunits.
AB  - Carbamylphosphate synthetase was purified to homogeneity from a derepressed
      strain of Salmonella typhimurium by a procedure based on affinity chromatography
      employing immobilized glutamine. The enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of
      carbamylphosphate from either ammonia or glutamine together with ATP and
      bicarbonate. The ATP saturation curve of either nitrogen donor is sigmoidal (n
      equals 1.5) but the affinity for ATP is higher with ammonia. In addition to the
      feedback inhibition by UMP and activation by ornithine which we previously
      reported (1), the activity was found to be stimulated by IMP and phosphoribosyl-1
      pyrophosphate. Evidence from pool measurements in enteric bacteria by others
      suggests that of the latter two compounds only phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate is
      physiologically significant. All effectors regulate enzyme activity by altering
      its affinity for ATP. Glutamine also modulates the affinity for ATP; it is
      increased as glutamine concentratiions decrease, an effect that could serve to
      insulate the cell against major changes in carbamylphosphate synthesis in
      response to fluctuations in concentration of glutamine. The molecular weight of
      the holoenzyme was estimated to be 150,000 by sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation in triethanolamine and Tris-acetate buffers in which the enzyme is
      a monomer. In the presence of ornithine in potassium phosphate buffer, the enzyme
      is an oligomer with a molecular weight of 580,000. This transition has been
      exploited as an alternate route of purifying the enzyme to homogeneity using
      successive sucrose density centrifugation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      the enzyme in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate shows that the enzyme
      consists of two unequal subunits with molecular weights of 110,000 and 45,000.
      The two subunits were separated by gel filtration in the presence of 1 M
      potassium thiocyanate, ATP, MgCl2, glutamine, NH4Cl, ornithine, and UMP. The
      heavy subunit catalyzes the synthesis of carbamylphosphate from ammonia but not
      glutamine. The ATP saturation curve for the separated heavy subunit is still
      sigmoidal (n equals 1.4 and So.5 equals 0.3 mM). The ammonia dependent activity
      of the heavy subunit is stimulated by the activators ornithine, IMP, and
      phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate but is only marginally inhibited by high
      concentrations of UMP. The addition of the light subunit restored full ability to
      utilize glutamine as well as normal sensitivity to UMP. Purified subunits were
      used for in vitro complementation studies with strains carrying mutations in
      pyrA, the structural gene encoding carbamylphosphate synthetase. The results
      indicate that the pyrA region encodes both subunits and that the structural genes
      for the two polypeptides are linked. A deletion mutant lacking both subunits of
      carbamylphosphate synthetase also lacked any ability to synthetize
      carbamylphosphate from ammonia. Hence, unlike certain other bacteria, S.
      typhimurium does not possess a carbamate kinase.

PMID- 166994
TI  - Characteristics of 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate-activated adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Characteristics of adenylate cyclase stimulation by the GTP analog 5'-guanyl
      imidodiphosphate Gpp(NH)p have been examined in intact frog erythrocytes, frog
      erythrocyte membranes, and solubilized canine myocardial preparations. Gpp(NH)p
      caused marked enzyme activation in the erythrocyte membranes and in solubilized
      myocardial preparations, but had much lesser effects in intact cells. Enzyme
      activation by Gpp(NH)p exhibited a definite lag period, requiring 10 to 15 min
      for complete activation at 37 degrees. Activation was essentially irreversible
      after a 5-hour dialysis sufficient to reduce the Gpp(NH)p levels below threshold
      for stimulation. Gpp(NH)p-"activated" enzyme differed from native enzyme in
      several respects, such as its greater temperature stability, and its
      insensitivity to further stimulation by other activators, such as catecholamine
      or fluoride. These differences suggest that the enzyme, once fully activated by
      Gpp(NH)p, may have undergone some modification that is not subject ot facile
      reversal.

PMID- 166996
TI  - The role of Ca-2+ and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate in insulin release
      induced in vitro by the divalent cation ionophore A23187.
AB  - Insulin release from isolated perifused pancreatic islets was stimulated by the
      divalent ionophore A23187 in the absence of exogenous glucose. In addition,
      A23187 produced a 2-fold elevation of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)
      levels in isolated perifused islets. The elevation of cAMP levels coincided with
      peak insulin release. Ionophore-induced insulin release was unaffected by
      pretreatment of the islets with theophylline (5 mM). Stimulation of insulin
      release produced by the ionophore occurred either in the presence or absence of
      extracellular Ca-2+; however, cAMP accumulation required the presence of
      extracellular Ca-2+. The ionophore (10 muM) had no effect on adenylate cyclase
      activity of homogenates of isolated islets. The results of this study are
      interpreted as indicating that intracellular Ca-2+ has an essential role in the
      insulin releasing mechanism, whereas the cAMP system has a modulatory effect on
      this process.

PMID- 166995
TI  - Purification and regulatory properties of chicken heart prostaglandin E 9
      ketoreductase.
AB  - Prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase was purified from chicken heart by ammonium
      sulfate fractionation, and DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxylapatite and phosphocellulose
      chromatography. Two peaks of activity were resolved during the phosphocellulose
      chromatographic step. Both peaks were stimulated by a substance that was not
      bound to the phosphocellulose column. This stimulatory substance was destroyed by
      treatment with phosphodiesterase and 0.1 M NaOH. It was heat-stable (100 degrees,
      2 min), nondialyzable, and resistant to treatment with pronase, ribonuclease, and
      deoxyribonuclease; but it was dialyzable after heating or digestion with pronase.
      Sodium pyrophosphate also enhanced the activities of the prostaglandin E 9
      ketoreductases as did angiotensin I; but not angiotensin II. In the presence of
      3':5'-cyclic AMP, AMP, or several other ribonucleotides, the enhancing effects of
      the natural stimulatory substance, sodium pyrophosphate or angiotensin I were
      blocked, but these ribonucleotides themselves had little effect on the enzymes
      activity. The substrate specificities of the two prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductases
      were also studied. Both the 9-keto group and the 15-keto group of 15
      ketoprostaglandin F2 alpha could be converted to the corresponding hydroxyl
      group; the 15-keto group was reduced faster than the 9-keto group. Prostaglandin
      D2, a prostaglandin with a 9-hydroxyl and an 11-keto group, could not be
      converted to prostaglandin F2 alpha nor could cyclohexanone be converted to
      cyclohexanol by the prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase.

PMID- 166997
TI  - The kinetics of glucocorticoid binding to the soluble specific binding protein of
      mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - The kinetics of binding of glucocorticoids to the soluble, specific binding
      protein of mouse fibroblasts has been examined. The rate at which both potent and
      weak glucocorticoids achieve binding equilibrium is very slow. Second order rate
      constants of association range from 3 times 10-5 M- minus 1 min- minus 1 for
      cortisol to 6.7 times 10-5 M- minus 1 min- minus 1 for triamcinolone acetonide.
      Studies of the rates of binding at high steroid concentrations suggest that the
      slow rate of binding may be explained by a two-step mechanism. Active
      glucocorticoids, regardless of their potency, bind initially in a rapid manner to
      form a weak complex with the binding protein. The dissociation constant for the
      weak binding reaction is 0.87 times 10- minus 7 M for triamcinolone acetonide and
      2.4 times 10- minus 7 M for cortisol. The weak binding complex becomes converted
      slowly to a tight complex. The first order rate constants for this conversion and
      the rate constants of dissociation from the tight complex have been determined
      for cortisol, dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide. The binding affinity of
      steroids of different biological potency is correlated with their rate of
      dissociation from this second tight binding state.

PMID- 166998
TI  - Chemical synthesis and sequence studies of deoxyribooligonucleotides which
      constitute the duplex sequence of the lactose operator of Escherichia coli.
AB  - We have synthesized the deoxyribooligonucleotide fragments, constituting the
      sequence of the lac operator of Escherichia coli. Two of these fragments,
      d(pApApTpTpGpTpTpApT) (nonamer) and d(pApApTpTpGpTpGpApG) (nonamer),
      corresponding to the 5' termini of lac operator have been synthesized by the
      phosphodiester method. The remaining four fragments, d(ApCpApApTpT) (hexamer),
      d(ApTpApApCpApApTpT) (nonamer), d(ApApTpTpGpTpGpApGpCpGpG) (dodecamer), and
      d(ApApTpTpGpTpTpApTpCpCpGpCpTpC) (pentadecamer), have been synthesized by an
      improved phosphotriester method. All of the compounds were first characterized by
      venom and spleen phosphodiesterase digestion to obtain their base composition.
      The sequence of these oligonucleotides was fully confirmed by the characteristic
      mobility shifts of their partial venom phosphodiesterase digestion products on
      two-dimensional homochromatography. A comparative study of the two methods for
      the synthesis of oligonucleotides has revealed that the phosphotriester method is
      more convenient than the phosphodiester method because of higher yields and ease
      of handling large scale preparations.

PMID- 166999
TI  - DNA sequence analysis. Terminal sequences of bacteriophage phi80.
AB  - Sequences of the cohesive ends and the 3'-terminal regions of phi80 DNA have been
      determined. Sequences of the cohesive ends were obtained through the use of two
      standard methods. The first method involved the incorporation of all four labeled
      deoxyribonucleotides into the phi80 cohesive ends using DNA polymerase I. The DNA
      was then partially digested with micrococcal nuclease or pancreatic DNase. The
      products were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and characterized by
      composition, 3'-terminal, and nearest neighbor analyses. The second method
      involved partial incorporation using one, two, or three labeled
      deoxyribonucleotides followed by similar analyses. Sequences of the double
      stranded regions adjacent to the cohesive ends were determined by three new
      methods. These methods were: (a) the DNA was specifically labeled at the 3'
      terminus and then partially degraded. Labeled oligonucleotide products were
      sequenced by their mobilities on various separation systems. (b) The cohesive
      ends were enlarged by limited degradation with exonuclease III. After this
      treatment, the DNA was partially repaired with labeled nucleotides, digested, and
      the products were analyzed. (c) A synthetic ologonucleotide primer was bound to
      phi80 DNA which had been repaired with DNA polymerase I, and then partially
      digested with lambda-exonuclease. The primer was extended into the region of
      interest by partial repair with labeled nucleotides. The extended primer was
      isolated and analyzed.

PMID- 167000
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 of adrenal mitochondria. Spin states as detected by difference
      spectroscopy.
AB  - Adrenal mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 which functions in cholesterol side chain
      cleavage (P-450scc) exhibited type I (lambdamax 385, lambdamin 420 nm) and
      inverse type I (lambdamin 385, lambdamax 420 nm) difference spectra with several
      steroids. The magnitude and type of response were dependent on the particular
      steroid and on the extent to which cholesterol was bound to the cytochrome in the
      intact mitochondrion. the inverse type I difference spectrum induced by 3beta
      hydroxy-pregn-5-ene-20-one (pregnenolone) was dependent on the proportion of high
      spin cholesterol-cytochrome P-450scc complexes. With rat adrenal mitochondria
      cholest-5-ene-3beta, 20alpha-diol (20alpha-hydroxycholesterol) invariably induced
      a smaller inverse type I response and, under conditions where cytochrome P-450scc
      was nearly free of cholesterol, even produced a small type I response. Two
      distinct steroid binding sites on cytochrome P-450scc were detected by,
      respectively, the slow type I response to cholest-5-ene-3beta, 25-diol (25
      hydroxycholesterol) and the rapid type I response to a subsequent addition of
      cholest-5-ene-3beta, 20alpha, 22 R-triol (20alpha, 22R-dihydroxycholesterol). The
      relative proportions of the spectral responses to these steroids were dependent
      on the previous extent of adrenal activation by adrenocorticotropic hormone
      (ACTH), because this stimulatory process altered the combination of mitochondrial
      cholesterol with cytochrome P-450scc. It is proposed that the two steroid binding
      sites on cytochrome P-450scc interact with steroids in the following way: site I
      binds cholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and 20alpha, 22R-dihydroxycholesterol
      with formation of a partially high spin cytochrome; site II binds both
      pregnenolone and 20alpha-OH cholesterol resulting in a low spin cytochrome.
      Interactions between sites I and II are not competitive, and occupancy of site II
      ensures a low spin state irrespective of the occupancy of site I. A second mode
      of interaction by 20alpha, 22R-dihydroxycholesterol stabilizes a high spin
      cytochrome and is competitive with site II binding by 20alpha-hydroxycholesterol
      or pregnenolone. Formation of a maximally high spin cytochrome follows occupancy
      by 20alpha, 22R-dihydroxycholesterol at both sites.

PMID- 167001
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 of adrenal mitochondria. In vitro and in vivo changes in spin
      states.
AB  - Steroid-induced difference spectra have been used to examine the combination of
      cholesterol with adrenal mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 which participates in
      cholesterol side chain cleavage (P-450scc) and the depletion of cholesterol from
      the cytochrome which results from turnover of the enzyme system. Type I
      difference spectra-induced by cholest-5-ene-3beta, 25-diol (25
      hydroxycholesterol) and cholest-5-ene-3beta, 20 alpha, 22R-triol (20alpha, 22R
      dihydroxycholesterol) have been used to quantitate binding of cholesterol to two
      sites (I and II) on cytochrome P-450scc. The action of adrenocorticotropic
      hormone (ACTH) in vivo and the action of calcium or phosphate ions on isolated
      mitochondria stimulate the combination of cholesterol with site I but not site
      II. Cholesterol derived from lecithin-cholesterol micelles, however, binds to
      both sites. Malate-induced cholesterol depletion occurred at a comparable rate to
      the transfer of cholesterol from lecithin-cholesterol micelles. However, a
      residual proportion of cholesterol-cytochrome P-450scc complexes remained, even
      after 10 min of exposure to malate, and was of similar magnitude in mitochondria
      from both cycloheximide-treated and stressed rats. It is suggested that this
      reflects a less reactive form of cholesterol-cytochrome complex. Steroid-induced
      difference spectra indicate that sites I and II on cytochrome P-450scc are
      similarly depleted after metabolism of mitochondrial cholesterol in vitro and
      after inhibition of the action of ACTH in vivo. Anaerobiosis of adrenal cells
      after excision of the accumulation of cholesterol at cytochrome P-450cc. When
      anaerobiosis was prevented, cytochrome P-450scc in the freshly isolated
      mitochondria was apparently essentially free of complexed cholesterol,
      irrespective of the extent of ACTH action. For 30 min after suspension of the
      mitochondria in 0.25 M sucrose at 4 degrees, cholesterol combines with cytochrome
      P-450scc. The extent of this process was not affected by the presence of
      cycloheximide during ether stress treatment of the rats. It is concluded that
      there are at least two pools of mitochondrial cholesterol with access to
      cytochrome P-450scc but that ACTH stimulates only the pool which most readily
      interacts with the cytochrome.

PMID- 167002
TI  - Insulin binding to liver plasm membranes in the obese hyperglycemic (ob/ob)
      mouse. Demonstration of a decreased number of functionally normal receptors.
AB  - In previous studies, the insulin resistance of the obese hyperglycemic mouse
      (ob/ob) was found to be associated with decreased insulin binding to liver, fat,
      and lymphocytes. The present study demonstrates that the insulin receptors in the
      liver membranes of the ob/ob mouse are decreased in number, but are
      indistinguishable from normal by other criteria including affinity, kinetics of
      association and dissociation, temperature dependence of binding, and biological
      specificity of the binding reaction. The receptor in liver membranes of the ob/ob
      mouse is also indistinguishable with respect to insulin receptor site-site
      interactions. Degradation of both insulin and of receptor sites was studied and
      did not account for differences observed in binding. We conclude that the insulin
      receptor from the ob/ob mouse is a functionally normal receptor and that its
      presence in diminished number accounts for the observed decrease in insulin
      binding to liver plasma membranes.

PMID- 167003
TI  - The role of calcium in regulation of cyclic nucleotide content in human umbilical
      artery.
AB  - In term gestational human umbilical artery segments incubated in room air at 37
      degrees, histamine, acetylcholine, bradykinin, K+, and serotonin (agonists that
      cause contraction) cause accumulation of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cGMP)
      without altering the content of adenosine 3':5'-monosphophate (cAMP);
      prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), which relaxes the artery, causes cAMP accumulation
      without affecting the cGMP content (Clyman, R. I., Sandler, J.A., Manganiello,
      V.C., and Vaughan, M. (1975) J. Clin. Invest., in press). It has been postulated
      that Ca-2+ is important in the regulation of cyclic nucleotides in other tissues.
      In the umbilical artery the control of cAMP content by PGE1 was independent of Ca
      2+. After incubation in Ca-2+-free medium, the c GMP contentof the artery
      segments was decreased by 50% and was unaffected by histamine, acetylcholine,
      bradykinin, and K+. Readdition of Ca-2+ (2.7 mM) or Sr-2+ (3.6 mM) to the medium
      partially restored the basal cGMP content and the agonist effects on the cGMP
      content. However, Sr-2+ was not as effective as Ca-2+ in this regard. Ionophores
      A23187 and X537A (agents that facilitate Ca-2+ movement through membranes)
      mimicked the effects of these Ca-2+-dependent agonists on cGMP content.
      Incubation with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine (0.1
      mM) increased both the basal content of cGMP and the histamine-induced
      accumulation 3-fold. This effect was dependent on the presence of Ca-2+ also.
      Accumulation of cGMP induced by serotonin, on the other hand, was not diminished
      in Ca-2+-depleted arteries and, in fact, seemed to be inhibited by 2.7 mM Ca-2+.
      These observations are consistent with the existence in the umbilical artery of
      two separate mechanisms for control of cGMP synthesis that are influenced
      differently by Ca-2+.

PMID- 167004
TI  - The cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate receptor of Dictyostelium discoideum.
      Binding characteristics of aggregation-competent cells and variation of binding
      levels during the life cycle.
AB  - Both cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate and dithiothreitol stimulate binding of
      cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) to aggregation-competent amoebae.
      Both compounds appear to function solely by preventing the hydrolysis of cAMP by
      the cell-bound phosphodiesterase. The dissociation constant for binding of cAMP
      is 36 nM. Both cAMP binding and membrane-bound phosphodiesterase activities
      increase dramatically as cells develop aggregation competence, reach a maximum at
      about 11 hours, and remain at high levels for up to 48 hours if cells are
      maintained in shaken suspension. When amoebae are allowed to aggregate and
      develop naturally, binding of cAMP increases during aggregation, decreases during
      tip formation, and disappears during culmination. Phosphodiesterase activity
      parallels binding activity except that the decreased level after tip formation is
      retained throughout culmination. Two N-6-modified cAMP derivatives compete with
      cAMP for binding sites. One derivative is fluorescent (1,N-6-etheno-cAMP); the
      other is photolyzable [N-6(ethyl-2-diazomalonyl)cAMP]. This result opens the
      possibilities of using fluorescence quenching for assay of in vitro binding and
      of affinity labeling of binding sites. Competition by the derivatives is only
      partial, indicating possible heterogeneity of binding sites. Both compounds
      inhibit hydrolysis of cAMP by the membrane-bound phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 167005
TI  - Preparation and characterization of liver cells made permeable to macromolecules
      by treatment with toluene.
AB  - Isolated individual liver cells were made permeable to charged molecules and
      macromolecules by treatment with toluene, and the properties of such cells were
      examined in detail. The optimal conditions of toluene treatment, as determined by
      assay of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities, was 7 to 9% toluene for 2 min at 0
      degrees. Conditions are also described for maintaining the treated cells for
      periods up to 1 hour. Toluene treatment was found to be as efficient as various
      disruptive methods for making internal enzymes accessible to exogenous
      substrates, and this was true for enzymes in the cytosol, membrane, or organelle
      fractions. Electron microscopic and biochemical examination of toluen-treated
      cells indicated that they were relatively intact and lost only small amounts of
      cellular constituents to the suspension medium. The data in this paper suggest
      that toluene treatment of individual cells might prove useful for studies of
      macromolecular synthesis in liver;

PMID- 167006
TI  - Characterization of gastric mucosal membranes. VIII. The localization of peptides
      by iodination and phosphorylation.
AB  - Two fractions of gastric mucosal membranes obtained by Ficoll-sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation were studied by a variety of techniques to localize the
      polypeptides. Gel electrophoresis showed the presence of five major polypeptides
      and several minor ones. Only one of these, 82,000 daltons, was available for
      iodination in the intact tissue. The two membrane fractions differed in their
      accessibility to peroxidase. The denser fraction showed two major defined
      iodination peaks at 82,000 and 102,000 daltons. Freeze-thawing and iodinating
      with 131-I produced additional labeling of peaks as well as relabeling the 82,000
      dalton component, showing it was accessible from both sides of the membrane. The
      two major components were also sensitive to cross-linking, the 102,000
      polypeptide being especially sensitive to --SH oxidation. Proteolysis with
      trypsin removed both components in the denser membrane fraction, in addition to
      inhibiting the K+-ATPase and K+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase of that fraction.
      Phosphorylation with [gamma-32-P]ATP labeled the 102,000-dalton component and K+,
      HCO3- minus and p-nitrophenylphosphate reduced the level of labeling. Hence the
      102,000 region contains a subunit of the ATPase, is readily iodinated in inside
      out vesicles, and is the most available for interpeptide S--S cross-linking.

PMID- 167007
TI  - Oligo(A) not coded by DNA generating 3'-terminal heterogeneity in a lambda phage
      RNA.
AB  - An RNA species from Escherichia coli infected with phage lambda was purified by
      hybridization to lambda 1-strand DNA and shown to have variable length. This
      variability was due to a variable number of adenylate residues attached to the 3'
      end of the molecule. Pancreatic RNase treatment of the RNA-DNA hybrid removed the
      3'-terminal adenylate residues, generating a homogeneous RNA molecule terminating
      with -Up. The results indicate the presence of adenylate residues not coded by
      the DNA template at the terminus of this transcript from intact cells.

PMID- 167008
TI  - Gonadotropin receptors. Solubilization and purification by affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - Specific gonadotropin receptors of the rat testis were purified 15,000-fold after
      detergent extraction by a single affinity chromatography step on agarose coupled
      to human chorionic gonadotropin. Receptors were eluted in the free form at pH 3.2
      and did not aggregate in the absence of detergent. The purified receptors
      displayed about 50% of the maximum theoretical binding activity, and retained the
      high binding affinity and hormonal specificity of the original gonadotropin
      receptors of the cell membrane.

PMID- 167009
TI  - Glycogenolytic response to glucagon of cultured fetal hepatocytes. Refractoriness
      following prior exposure to glucagon.
AB  - The glycogenolytic effect of glucagon has been studied in fetal hepatocytes
      cultured for 3 to 4 days in the presence of cortisol (10 muM). The hepatocytes,
      when transplanted from young fetuses (15-day-old), contain only minute amounts of
      glycogen, whereas when cultured 3 to 4 days in the presence of cortisol, they
      contain high levels of stored glycogen. Glucagon induced a rapid but partial
      mobilization of glycogen, which was maximal after 2 hours. The half-maximal
      response was observed with  about 0.1 nM glucagon. The glycogenolytic effect of
      glucagon in fetal hepatocytes is probably mediated by cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) as in adult liver. This effect was mimicked by cyclic
      AMP and N-6, O-2-dibutyryl cyclic AMP, (dibutyryl cyclic AMP), and potentiated by
      theophylline. Glucagon addition was followed by accumulation of cyclic AMP in the
      cells within 2 min. Glucagon produces a marked stimulation of the rate of
      glycogen breakdown and an inhibition of the rate of incorporation of [14-C]
      glucose into glycogen. The glycogeneolytic effect of a single addition of
      glucagon was reversed within 4 hours. A second addition of glucagon at this time
      was unable to induce a new glycogenolytic response. A resistance to glucagon
      stimulation appeared in the cells after a first exposure to the hormone. This
      refractoriness was also shown by the loss of glucagon-dependent cyclic AMP
      accumulation and was not linked to the release by the cells of a "hormone
      antagonist" into the medium. The hepatocytes resistant to the action of glucagon
      retained their response to cyclic AMP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and norepinephrine.
      Finally, glycogenolytic concentrations of cyclic AMP and of its dibutyryl
      derivative failed to induce a refractoriness to glucagon.

PMID- 167010
TI  - Kinetics of adenosine triphosphate synthesis in bovine heart submitochondrial
      particles.
AB  - The kinetics of ATP synthesis by submitochondrial particles were studied with a
      continuous flow mixing technique allowing measurements of ATP synthesis between
      15 and 120 ms after mixing for estimation of the initial rate. During the initial
      100 ms, ATP synthesis proceeded at a faster rate when driven by an artificially
      imposed electrochemical proton gradient than when driven by the respiratory
      substrate NADH. The rate of ATP synthesis driven by the artificial
      electrochemical proton gradient was dependent upon the magnitude of the gradient,
      and was affected similarly by variations of either the pH gradient or membrane
      potential. Initiation of ATP synthesis driven by NADH oxidation with ADP plus Pi
      resulted in an initial rate of phosphorylation equivalent to that during steady
      state respiration. However, a lag in phosphorylation was observed when ATP
      synthesis was initiated by oxygen or NADH. Valinomycin caused transient
      uncoupling of ATP synthesis driven by respiration since it strongly inhibited ATP
      synthesis during the initial 100 ms but it had no effect during steady state
      phosphorylation. The kinetic results strongly suggest that an electrochemical
      proton gradient is an obligate intermediate between electron transport and ATP
      synthesis on the main pathway of energy transduction.

PMID- 167011
TI  - Inactivation of Salmonella phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase by oxidation of
      a specific sulfhydryl group with potassium permanganate.
AB  - Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium contains four
      cysteine residues per subunit. Three of these react readily with 5, 5'
      dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), forming an active derivative with kinetic
      and physical properties similar to the native enzyme, but one reacts only under
      denaturing conditions. Stoichiometric amounts of KMnO4 inactivate the DTNB
      treated enzyme. The loss of activity is correlated with the oxidation of the
      remaining cysteinyl group to cysteic acid by KMnO4. Amino acid analysis indicates
      that no other residues are altered. The rate of inactivation of the enzyme is
      decreased 30-fold by saturatin g concentrations of the substrate ATP. Inorganic
      phosphate also protects substantially against KMnO4. Titration of the native
      enzyme with limiting amounts of KMnO4 shows that the sulfhydryl group essential
      for activity competes effectively with the other sulfhydryl groups for KMnO4.
      These results suggest that the essential sulfhydryl group is near the active
      site, and that KMnO4, a phosphate analogue, can act as an active site-directed
      reagent at the ATP binding site of the enzyme. The KMnO4-oxidized enzyme is more
      highly aggregated than untreated enzyme and fails to bind ATP appreciably.

PMID- 167012
TI  - The interaction of human plasma glycoaminoglycans with plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - Modifications of existing methods have allowed for the isolation and purification
      of various species of plasma glycosaminoglycans on the basis of their sulfate
      content and molecular size. All of the preparations precipitated human plasma low
      density lipoproteins (LDL); maximal precipitation occurred with amounts of
      glycans corresponding to 50 mug of hexuronate and 12 mg of LDL. The interaction
      of glycans with pyrene-labeled lipoproteins was also studied, measuring
      variations of the fluorescence emitted by the monomer (M) and excimer (E) species
      of the bound pyrene. The ratio IE/IM is proportional to c/eta, where c is the
      microscopic concentration of the pyrene confined to the hydrocarbon region of the
      lipoprotein and eta is the microviscosity of that region. To 0.12 mg of pyrene
      labeled LDL, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) or high density lipoproteins
      (HDL) were added increasing amounts of the various glycan preparations. The
      sulfate-rich species decreased the IE/IM ratio of LDL and HDL but not that of
      VLDL. This finding suggests that the glycan caused a change in lipoprotein
      conformation associated with either an increased volume or increased microscopic
      viscosity of the hydrocarbon region. The modification of LDL conformation could
      be prevented by proteolytic treatment of the sulfate-rich species or by addition
      to the system of suitable amounts of sulfate-poor species or of chrondroitin-4
      sulfate, but could not be prevented by increased ionic concentration. These
      results suggest that the two main species of plasma glycans are important in
      maintaining adequate rheological properties of plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 167013
TI  - Stimulation of synthesis of free chondroitin sulfate chains by beta-D-xylosides
      in cultured cells.
AB  - Beta-Xylosides stimulate  2- to 6-fold the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by
      three types of nonconnective tissue cells (RG-C6, NB41A, and rat hepatoma cells,
      and normal and simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed normal human skin fibroblasts.
      The effect, which is specific for the anomeric linkage and the glycone, is
      observed in the presence and absence of puromycin. Beta-Xylosides may substitute
      for xylosylated core protein as initiators of synthesis of chondroitin sulfate
      chains. No stimulation of synthesis of heparan sulfate was observed. With the use
      of a fluorogenic xyloside, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside, it was
      demonstrated that the free chondroitin sulfate chains secreted into the medium
      bear the xyloside at the reducing end, and have an average molecular weight of
      16,500.

PMID- 167014
TI  - Regulation of glycogen synthetase.  Specificity and stoichiometry of
      phosphorylation of the skeletal muscle enzyme by cyclic 3':5'-AMP-dependent
      protein kinase.
AB  - Complete conversion of skeletal muscle glycogen synthetase from the I form to the
      D form requires incorporation of 2 mol of phosphate per enzyme subunit (90,000
      g). Incubation of sythetase I with low concentrations of adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate(cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (10 units/ml) and ATP (0.1 to 0.3
      mM) plus magnesium acetate (10 mM) results in incorporation within 1/2 hour of 1
      mol of phosphate persubunit concomitant with a decrease in the synthetase
      activity ratio (minus glucose-6-P/plus glucose-6-P) from 0.85 to 0.25.  Further
      incubation for 6 hours does not greatly increase the phosphate content of the
      synthetase or promote conversion to the D form.  This level of phosphorylation is
      not increased by raising the concentration of protein kinase to 150 units/ml and
      is not influenced by the presence of glucose-6-P, UDP-glucose, or glycogen. 
      However, at protein kinase concentrations of 10,000 to 30,000 units/ml a second
      mol of phosphate is incorporated per subunit, and the sythetase activity ratio
      decreases to 0.05 or less.  In addition to the 2 mol of phosphate persubunit
      which are required for formation of sythetase D, further phosphorylation can be
      observed which is not associated with changes in synthetase activity.  This
      phosphorylation occurs at a slow rate, is increased by raising the ATP
      concentration to 2 to 4mM, and is not blocked by the heat-stable protein
      inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.  These data indicate that skeletal
      muscle glycogen synthetase contains multiple phosphorylation sites only two of
      which are involved in the synthetase I to D conversion.

PMID- 167015
TI  - Studies and sequences of Escherichia coli 4.5 S RNA.
AB  - 4.5 S RNA, a biologically stable species with electrophoretic properties
      intermediate between 5 S and transfer RNAs, has been isolated from Escherichia
      coli and characterized.  No function has yet been found for this molecule.  Its
      primary structure and behavior suggests an unusually stable and possibly unique
      secondary structure.  Even from single species of E. coli, there is some sequence
      heterogeneity within the molecule.  The sequence of a major species from MRE 600
      is: (see article).  Methods for getting sequence overlaps on this highly
      structured RNA are described, and a possible functional role for 4.5 S RNA is
      discussed.

PMID- 167017
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of a precursor to the glycine- and threonine-specific
      transfer ribonucleic acids of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The primary nucleotide sequence of an Escherichia coli tRNA precursor molecule
      has been determined. This precursor RNA, specified by the transducing phage
      lambdah80dglyTsuA36 thrT tyrT, accumulates in a mutant strain temperature
      sensitive for RNase P activity. The 170-nucleotide precursor RNA is processed by
      E. coli extracts to form mature tRNA Gly 2 suA36 and tRNA Thr ACU/C. The sequence
      of the precursor is pG-U-U-C-C-A-G-G-A-U-G-C-G-G-G-C-A-U-C-G-U-A-U-A-A-U-G-G-C-U
      A-U-U-A-C-C-U-C-A-G-C-C-U-N-C-U-A-A-G-C-U-G-A-U-G-A-U-G-C-G-G-G-T-psi-C-G-A-U-U-C
      C-C-G-C-U-G-C-C-C-G-C-U-C-C-A-A-G-A-U-G-U-G-C-U-G-A-U-A-U-A-G-C-U-C-A-G-D-D-G-G-D
      A-G-A-G-C-G-C-A-C-C-C-U-U-G-G-U-mt6A-A-G-G-G-U-G-A-G-m7G-U-C-G-G-C-A-G-T-psi-C-G
      A-A-U-C-U-G-C-C-U-A-U-C-A-G-C-A-C-C-A-C-U-UOH(tRNA sequences are italicized). It
      contains the entire primary nucleotide sequences of tRNA Gly2 suA36 and tRNA Thr
      ACU/C, including the common 3'-terminal sequence, CCA. Nineteen additional
      nucleotides are present, with 10 at the 5' end, 3 at the 3' end, and the
      remaining 6 in the inter-tRNA spacer region. RNase P cleaves the precursor
      specifically at the 5' ends of the mature tRNA sequences.

PMID- 167016
TI  - Nucleotide sequence studies of normal and genetically altered glycine transfer
      ribonucleic acids from Escherichia coli.
AB  - The total nucleotide sequence of tRNAGGA/G -Gly2 from Escherichia coli is pG-C-G
      G-G-C-A-U-C-G-U-A-U-A-A-U-G-G-C-U-A-U-U-A-C-C-U-C-A-G-C-C-U-N-C-C-A-A-G-C-U-G-A-U
      G-A-U-G-C-G-G-G-T-psi-C-G-A-U-U-C-C-C-G-C-U-G-C-C-C-G-C-U-C-C-AOH, where T- at
      position 53 is ribothymidylic acid, and psi- at position 54 is pseudouridylic
      acid; N- at position 36 is an unidentified derivative of uridylic acid, and is
      present in modified form in a portion of tRNAGGA/G -Gly 2 molecules isolated from
      E. coli cells. The missense suppressor mutation, glyTsuA36(HA), results in a C
      yields U base substitution at the 3' end of the anticodon of tRNAGGA/G -Gly 2
      (nucleotide position 38). A secondary effect of this base substitution is the
      modification of the A residue directly adjacent to the 3' end of the anticodon of
      tRNAsuA36(HA), -Gly 2 suggesting that the enzymes responsible for this
      modification recognize the anticodon sequences of prospective tRNA substrates.
      The creation of a missense-suppressing tRNA, tRNAsuA36(HA), -Gly 2 by an
      alteration of the anticodon sequence of tRNAGGA/G -Gly 2 is analogous to
      mechanisms whereby other suppressor tRNAs have arisen. The high degree of
      nucleotide sequence homology between the amino acid acceptor stems and anticodon
      regions of four glycine isoaccepting tRNAs specified by E. coli and bacteriophage
      T4 suggests that these regions may be recognized by the glycyl-tRNA synthetase;
      the involvement of the anticodon region in the synthetase recognition process is
      supported by the greatly decreased rate of aminoacylation of tRNAsuA36(HA) -Gly
      2.

PMID- 167018
TI  - The nucleotide sequence in the promoter region of the gene N in bacteriophage
      lambda.
AB  - The sequence of 18 nucleotides in the region preceding the initiation of
      transcription of the gene N of bacteriophage lambda has been determined to be as
      follows (see article). The basic approach used for the sequence determination
      involved Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I-catalyzed elongation of the
      octadecanucleotide primer, dT-C-A-G-T-G-C-G-T-C-C-T-G-C-T-G-A-rU, possessing the
      appropriate polarity and nucleotide sequence corresponding to the 5' end of the
      gene N transcript. Following hybridization of the primer to the r-stand of
      bacteriophage lambda CI85657, sequences of the newly grown ollgonucleotide chains
      were determined by a) partial exonuclease digestion followed by two-dimensional
      fingerprinting; b) determination of pyrimidine tracts; and c) nearest neighbor
      analyses. Primer elongation was carried out in a controlled manner, the size of
      the newly grown chains being kept short by the following techniques: a) insertion
      of a ribonucleotide unit as the 3' terminus of the primer; b) use of a limited
      number of deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphates in the elongation reaction; and c)
      enlongation of the primer using all the four nucleoside triphosphates with one of
      the triphosphates being supplied in a limiting concentration.

PMID- 167019
TI  - The regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) synthesis in rat kidney
      cortex. The role of acid-base balance and glucocorticoids.
AB  - The effects of metabolic acidosis and of hormones on the activity, synthesis, and
      degradation of renal cytosolic P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32)
      were studied in the rat using isotopic -immunochemical procedures. At normal acid
      base balance, the synthesis of the enzyme accounted for between 2 and 3.5% of the
      synthesis of all soluble protein in the kidney cortex. P-enolpyruvate
      carboxykinase synthesis was selectively stimulated in acute metabolic acidosis,
      so that the relative rate of synthesis of the enzyme was increased to 7% 13 hours
      after oral administration of ammonium chloride. The stimulation of P-enolpyruvate
      carboxykinase synthesis preceded any increase in the assayable activity of the
      enzyme. The administration of sodium bicarbonate to acutely acidotic rats
      returned the rate of enzyme synthesis to normal in 8 hours. The effect of
      acidosis on both the synthesis and the activity of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase
      was prevented by actinomycin D, cordycepin, and cycloheximide. The degradation in
      vivo of pulse-labeled P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase was not affected by acidosis.
      Thus, the stimulation of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase synthesis is the major
      mechanism for the increase in the level of the enzyme observed in metabolic
      acidosis. The administration of glucocorticoid triamcinolone resulted in an
      increase in the relative rate of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase synthesis and a
      commensurate increase in the activity of the enzyme in the renal cortex. Both
      changes were abolished by actinomycin D. Fasting was characterized by a high
      enzyme activity and a rapid rate of enzyme synthesis in the kidney cortex. This
      high rate of synthesis was reduced after the administration of sodium
      bicarbonate, but not after glucose feeding. Moreover, the injection of insulin to
      diabetic rats did not repress P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase synthesis in the renal
      cortex. Theophylline plus N-6, 0-2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      stimulated P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase synthesis in the kidney of intact rats.
      However, the latter effect was probably due to glucocorticoid secretion, since it
      did not occur in adrenalectomized animals. The administration of parathyroid
      extracts did not result in the induction of the enzyme. Thus, the hormonal
      regulation of cytosolic P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase synthesis in the kidney
      differs markedly from that in the liver.

PMID- 167020
TI  - A spin label study of egg white avidin.
AB  - Avidin is a tetrametric protein (mass 68,000 daltons) that binds 4 molecules of
      vitamin biotin (1). The biotin binding sites, 1 per subunit, are grouped in two
      pairs at opposite ends of the avidin molecule (GREEN, N.M., KONIECZNY, L., TOMS,
      E.J., and VALENTINE, R.C. (1971) Biochem. J. 125, 781). We have studied the
      topography of the avidin binding sites with the aid of four spin-labeled analogs
      of biotin: 4-biotinamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (II), 3-biotinamido
      2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (III), 3-biotinamidomethyl-2,2,5,5
      tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (IV), 4-(biotinylglycyl)-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl
      1-piperidinyloxy (V). Fluorescence and optical absorption spectroscopy indicated
      that II to V occupied the same binding sites on avidin as did biotin. The
      electron spin resonance spectrum of the 4:1 complex between II and avidin
      contained broad line components characteristic of a highly immobilized spin
      label. Dipole-dipole interactions between spin labels bound to adjacent sites
      split each of the three major hyperfine lines into doublets with a separation of
      13.8 G. The distance between adjacent bound nitroxide groups was calculated from
      this splitting to be 16 A. The dissociation of the 4:1 complex between II and
      avidin was biphasic with approximately half of the labels dissociating at a rate
      (kdiss equal to 2.51 times 10- minus 4 s- minus 1) that was much faster than the
      remainder (kdiss equal to 1.22 times 10- minus 5 s- minus 1). The electron spin
      resonance spectrum of the 2:1 complex between II and avidin clearly showed that,
      immediately after mixing, the spin labels were distributed in a random fashion
      among the available binding sites but that they slowly redistributed themselves
      so that each label bound to a site which was adjacent to an unoccupied site. The
      final time-independent electron spin resonance spectrum exhibited a splitting 69
      G between the low and high field hyperfine lines which is characteristic of a
      highly immobilized, noninteracting spin label. Spin labels III and IV interacted
      with avidin in a similar fashion to that described for II with the exception that
      their dipolar splittings were 11.9 G and 14.2 G, respectively. From these
      splittings it was estimated that the distance between adjacent avidin-bound
      nitroxides was 16.7 A for labeled III and 15.7 A for label IV. The electron spin
      resonance spectrum of label V bound to avidin was characteristic of a
      noninteracting highly immobilized nitroxide with a maximum splitting of 62 G. The
      spectrum of V bound to avidin was independent of both time and the amount of
      bound label. The rate of dissociation of V from a 4:1 complex with avidin was
      monophasic. A model is proposed in which the recognition site for the
      heterocyclic ring system of biotin is represented as a cleft located within a
      hydrophobic depression in the surface of avidin.

PMID- 167021
TI  - Enhanced differential synthesis of proteins in a mammalian cell-free system by
      addition of polyamines.
AB  - Addition of the polyamines spermidine, spermine, or putrescine to a fractionated
      mammalian cell-free protein-synthesis system programmed by a variety of mRNAs
      results in a 3- to 5-fold stimulation of amino acid incorporation over that found
      in the absence of added polyamine. The mRNAs used as template were adenovirus
      mRNA, globin 9s mRNA, and RNA from the bacteriophages R17, Qbeta, and MS2. The
      relative amounts of 10 adenovirus polypeptides synthesized in vitro are altered
      by the addition of polyamines to the translation system to reflect more closely
      the relative amounts of these polypeptides synthesized in vivo. This qualititive
      improvement in translation products on addition of polyamines allow the analysis
      of a number of products which are at best only marginally synthesized in the
      absence of added polyamines. The low level of synthesis due to endogenous mRNA is
      stimulated by spermidine and spermine but a lesser extent by putrescine.

PMID- 167022
TI  - The interaction of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome b5 bound to egg
      lecithin liposomes.
AB  - Incubation of liposomes prepared by sonication of egg lecithin with the
      amphipathic form of cytochrome b5 results in the binding of a maximum of 244
      molecules of cytochrome b5 per liposomal vesicle. Interactions of the
      phospholipid with the hydrophobic segment of cytochrome b5 are involved in this
      binding which does not disrupt the liposome. When a small amount of NADH
      cytochrome b5 reductase is bound liposomes simultaneously with cytochrome b5, the
      two proteins catalyze the reduction of cytochrome c by NADH. A qualitative
      kinetic analysis reveals that all of the cytochrome b5 interacts with reductase,
      a result consistent with these protein undergoing translational diffusion in the
      plane of the membrane. This system and the purified stearyl coenzyme A desaturase
      provide a model to study the dynamics of protein andlipid interactions in this
      membrane-bound oxidative sequence.

PMID- 167023
TI  - Subsensitivity of adenylate cyclase and decreased beta-adrenergic receptor
      binding after chronic exposure to (minus)-isoproterenol in vitro.
AB  - In vitro incubation of frog erythrocytes with (minus)-isoproterenol, 0.1 mM, at
      23 degrees for 10 to 24 hours caused a 63% decline (rho less than 0.001) in the
      maximum (minus)-isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the
      erythrocyte membranes. Affinity for (minus)-isoproterenol as judged by the
      concentration which half-maximally stimulated the enzyme was not markedly
      altered. Basal enzyme activity and stimulation by fluoride or prostaglandin E1
      remained unaltered. The number of beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites,
      assessed by binding studies with the beta-adrenergic antagonist (minus)-[3-H]
      alprenolol, declined by 50% (rho less than 0.005) in the (minus)-isoproterenol
      treated cells. The binding affinity of the sites was not changed. Regulation of
      the concentration of functionally active beta-adrenergic receptors in membranes
      may be one of the mechanisms by which chronic exposure to catecholamines
      desensitizes tissues to beta-adrenergic stimulation.

PMID- 167024
TI  - Isolation of a unique peptide inhibitor of hormone-responsive adenylate cyclase.
AB  - We have perfused isolated rat livers with hypocalcemic (4.4 mg 100 ml) Krebs
      Ringer bicarbonate albumin buffer. After 15 min of perfusion, a substance
      appeared in the perfusate which decreased rat renal adenylate cyclase activation
      by parathyroid hormone (PTH). The material in the perfusate was purified greater
      than 50,000-fold by Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography. The purified antagonist
      decreased the activation of rat renal cortical adenylate cyclase by PTH,
      glucagon, and epinephrine 75 to 100%. Concentration response curves for each of
      the hormones indicated a noncompetitive interaction of the inhibitor with the
      hormone. The inhibition was not species-specific, as the activation of the
      parathyroid hormone-responsive adenylate cyclase in cat renal cortex was also
      abolished by the inhibitor from the perfused rat liver. The inhibitor is a
      peptide, Mr equal to similar to 1000, which is heat-stable, acid-stable, alkai
      labile, and is destroyed by trypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and elastase. It is
      not destroyed by phosphodiesterase, 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase,
      neuraminidase, RNase, or phospholipase A. The inhibitor is not produced by
      isolated rat livers perfused with normocalcemic perfusion media. It is unclear
      whether the peptide is synthesized by the liver or whether it is a breakdown
      product of a larger peptide or protein in the liver. This is the first reported
      peptide inhibitor of adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 167025
TI  - Clostridium welchii arthritis. Case report.

PMID- 167026
TI  - The effectiveness of various antibiotics in methyl methacrylate.
AB  - The effectiveness of different antibiotics mixed with Simplex P has been tested
      in vitro. A laboratory model was designed to simulate the constant immersion of
      bone cement in tissue fluid. Clindamycin, and to a lesser extent Cephalothin,
      were shown to be effective when used in this manner against Staphylococcus aureus
      and epidermidis. Effective inhibition of Gram-negative organisms could not be
      demonstrated with any of the antibiotics tested. The addition of up to 3 grams of
      antibiotic powder per unit of 40 grams of Simplex P did not appear to alter the
      expansive properties of the cement. Such release of antibiotics as did occur was
      thought to be related to the slow absorption of water by the slightly porous
      methyl methacrylate.

PMID- 167027
TI  - Fast neutron beam radiotherapy at the University of Washington.

PMID- 167028
TI  - Isolation and subfractionation on ficoll gradients of adult rat hepatocytes.
      Size, morphology, and biochemical characteristics of cell fractions.
AB  - The recirculating perfusion of adult rat liver with a Ca-++-free Hanks' solution
      produces a release of the adhesiveness of cells and a cleaving of the desmosomes.
      The addition of collagenase and hyaluronidase to the perfusion medium leads to
      complete dissociation of the liver tissue into a mixture of isolated cells and
      cell cords in which the hepatocytes remain connected with specific junctional
      differentiations, namely the gap and tight junctions. Individual cells are
      released by submitting the suspension of cell trabeculae to a gentle rolling. The
      gap junctions are ruptured at least in one of the two adjacent cells and remain
      generally attached to the other cell taking with them a small portion of
      cytoplasm. This technique of isolation of hepatocytes yields about 60-65% of the
      parenchymal cells contained in a liver; endothelial cells and other cells of the
      connective tissue are not recovered. The ultrastructural preservation of the
      isolated hepatocytes is excellent and the glucose-6-phosphatase activity,
      confined to the endoplasmic reticulum, appears unaltered in most cells. Protein,
      DNA and RNA recovery in the preparations of isolated hepatocytes is satisfactory,
      amounting to 70% of that found in liver homogenate; glycogen, the most labile
      component examined, is partly lost or degraded during the manipulations. Cell
      diameters measured by different methods confirm the preservation of the original
      volume of the in situ hepatocytes and the presence of more than one type of
      parenchymal cell. By submitting this heterogeneous cell population to an
      isopycnic density gradient centrifugation, two types of hepatocytes can be
      distinguished: the light hepatocytes, with a mean diameter of 20.5 mum and a mean
      density of 1.10, are characterized by an extended smooth-walled endoplasmic
      reticulum entrapping dispersed alpha-glycogen particles; the heavy hepatocytes,
      with a mean diameter of 19.0 mum and a mean density of 1.14, present a relatively
      reduced compartment of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, but large accumulations of
      glycogen. It is suggested that the cell fraction of low density is enriched in
      centrolobular cells and the high density fraction in perilobular hepatocytes.

PMID- 167029
TI  - Isolation of centrolobular and perilobular hepatocytes after phenobarbital
      treatment.
AB  - Daily phenobarbital (PB) injections, on 3-7 consecutive days, induce an intense
      proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated with a decrease of
      the glucose-6-phosphatase activity. This situation first affects the
      centrolobular hepatocytes, enhancing the degree of liver lobule heterogeneity.
      This experimental model was used for isolation and further subfractionation of
      hepatocytes on Ficoll density gradients, as described in the preceding paper.
      Profiles of protein, DNA, RNA, glycogen, phosphorylase, and glucose-6-phosphatase
      were determined all along the gradient. Two liver cell populations were
      distinguished: (a) light hepatocytes (mean density 1.10) present the same
      morphological characteristics as centrolobular cells, i.e., an abundant smooth ER
      composed of tubular elements, numerous small mitochondria, and few glycogen
      particles; (b) heavy hepatocytes (mean density 1.14) are characterized by large
      and compact glycogen areas and prominent rough endoplasmic cisternae, as are the
      perilobular cells. After incubation in the Wachstein-Meisel medium, Centrolobular
      hepatocytes exhibit dispersed reaction sites of glucose-6-phosphatase activity,
      whereas perilobular cells present  a continuous and intense reaction.
      Morphometric determinations were carried out for both cell populations.
      Centrolobular PB hepatocytes are considerably enlarged (mean diameter: 23.7 mum);
      perilobular hepatocytes have a significantly smaller mean diameter of 19.2 mum,
      which is close to the values of control liver cells.

PMID- 167030
TI  - Receptor mobility and the binding of cells to lectin-coated fibers.
AB  - The ability of cells to bind to nylon fibers coated with lectin molecules
      interspaced with varying numbers of albumin molecules has been analyzed. The
      cells used were lymphoma cells, normal lymphocytes, myeloid leukemia cells, and
      normal and transformed fibroblasts, and the fibers were coated with different
      densities of concanavalin A or the lectins from soybean or wheat germ. Cells
      fixed with glutaraldehyde did not bind to lectin-coated fibers. The number of
      cells bound to fibers could be increased by increasing the density of lectin
      molecules on the fiber, the density of specific receptors on the cell, or the
      mobility of the receptors. It is suggested that binding of cells to fibers
      involves alignment and binding of specific cell surface receptors with lectin
      molecules immobilized on the fibers, and that this alignment requires short-range
      rapid lateral mobility (RLM) of the receptors. The titration of cell binding to
      fibers coated with different densities of lectin and albumin has been used to
      measure the relative RLM of unoccupied cell surface receptors for the lectin. The
      results indicate a relationship of RLM to lectin-induced cell-to-cell binding.
      The RLM or receptors for concanavalin A (Con A) was generally found to be higher
      than that of receptors for the lectins from wheat germ or soybean. Receptor RLM
      could be decreased by use of metabolic inhibitors or by lowering the temperature.
      Receptors for Con A had a lower RLM on normal fibroblasts than on SV40
      transformed fibroblasts, and trypsinization of normal fibroblasts increased Con A
      receptor RLM. Normal lymphocytes, lymphoma cells, and lines of myeloid leukemia
      cells that can be induced to differentiate had a high receptor RLM, whereas lines
      of myeloid leukemia cells that could not be induced to differentiate had a low
      receptor RLM. These results suggest that the RLM of Con A receptors is related to
      the transformation of fibroblasts and the ability of myeloid leukemia cells to
      undergo differentiation

PMID- 167031
TI  - The relation between sporulation and the induction of antibiotic synthesis and of
      amino acid uptake in Bacillus brevis.
AB  - The induction and localization of tyrocidine-synthesizing enzymes is shown to be
      parallel, during growth of Bacillus brevis (ATCC 8185, American Type Culture
      Collection, Rockville, Md.), with the induction of uptake of constitutive amino
      acids and of components of pantetheine, a coenzyme of tyrocidine synthesis.
      Antibiotic synthesis appears at the end of logarithmic growth when the first
      soluble enzymes may be obtained from homogenates. During this period, binding
      proteins for metabolite uptake were isolated by intensive sonication which, when
      studied by chromatography, were identified by the appearance of low molecular
      weight fractions binding the radioactively marked metabolites; their induction
      was prevented by addition of rifampicin. The major purpose of this study was a
      comparison of antibiotic production and sporulation, the progress of which was
      followed by electron microscopy. The onset of tyrocidine synthesis and metabolite
      uptake coincided with the appearance of septum formation indicating that
      sporulation had progressed to stage II. With the progress of spore encapsulation,
      the tyrocidine production migrated from the soluble fraction into the forespore,
      terminating with the separation of forespores from the sporangium membrane. The
      resulting concentration of antibiotic in the forespore may indicate its function
      in sporulation, the nature of which, however, was not explored.

PMID- 167032
TI  - "Ultramicroinjection" of macromolecules or small particles into animal cells. A
      new technique based on virus-induced cell fusion.
AB  - A new method is described for the introduction of macromolecules and small
      particles into animal cells. The first step in this procedure is the trapping of
      particles in ghosts of human erythrocytes. This is achieved by the gradual
      hemolysis of erythrocytes in the presence of the particles to be trapped. The
      second step is the Sendai virus-induced fusion of the ghosts containing the
      particles with cells. By this method, ferritin and latex spheres (diameter 0.1
      mum) have been "injected" into cells.

PMID- 167033
TI  - An ultracytochemical study of the respiratory potency, integrity, and fate of the
      sea urchin sperm mitochondria during early embryogenesis.
AB  - Cytochrome oxidase activity via cytochrome c, as demonstrated by the
      diaminobenzidine procedure, has been employed in this electron microscope
      cytochemical study to determine the respiratory potency, integrity and fate of
      the Arbacia sperm mitochondrion at fertilization and during early embryogenesis.
      The sperm mitochondrion remained intact and was intensely positive for cytochrome
      oxidase activity both during and after penetration into the egg. The
      mitochondrion remained highly reactive throughout zygote formation, up to the
      eight-cell stage. The sperm mitochondrion formed many projections and buds in the
      cytoplasm of immature oocytes, monospermic and polyspermic eggs, and in
      blastomeres. At all stages of early embryogenesis, close juxtaposition and
      structural contact were observed between the highly reactive sperm mitochondrion
      and the less reactive egg mitochondria. The results suggest that following
      fertilization the mitochondrion of the sea urchin spermatozoon retains some
      degree of metabolic autonomy within the ooplasm. The structural integrity of the
      paternal mitochondrion is maintained along with a functional respiratory enzyme
      system (cytochrome c-a3). The hypothesis that the fertilizing sperm mitochondrion
      may have some relevance to sea urchin development is discussed.

PMID- 167034
TI  - Antagonism by dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate and testololactone
      of concanavalin A capping.
AB  - Exposure of CHO-K1 cells in vitro to dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3',5'
      monophosphate (DBcAMP) plus testololactone produces a rapid, reversible
      antagonism of ligand-induced collection of initially dispersed concanavalin A
      (Con A) binding sites into a caplike mass. Morphologically, as Con A capping
      occurs, the cells become less spread and then round completely. With prolonged
      Con A exposure, cells cultured in either the absence or the presence of DBcAMP
      plus testololactone cap and round. Capping is blocked by cold treatment and
      respiratory inhibitors. Colcemid at concentrations greater than 1 muM promotes
      both Con A capping and cell rounding. Cytochalasin B at similar concentrations
      inhibits both capping and cell rounding. Treatment of cells with Con A has little
      effect on intracellular cAMP concentration. Possible mechanisms by which cAMP may
      modulate the movement of Con A binding sites are discussed.

PMID- 167035
TI  - Galactose and glucose metabolism in galactokinase deficient, galactose-1-P-uridyl
      transferase deficient and normal human fibroblasts.
AB  - Despite the genetic interruption of the Leloir pathway both galactosemic patients
      and galactosemic fibroblasts can convert galactose to CO2 and TCA precipitable
      products, although at less than the normal rate. These observations stimulated
      investigations into the identity of the alternative metabolic routes which allows
      for galactose metabolism in the absence of in vitro galactose-1-P-uridyl
      transferase. Four lines of galactosemic cells, each without detectable gal
      transferase, produced 14CO2 from [1-14C]-galactose (0.094 mumoles in 20 cc of
      medium) at approximately 39% +/- 16% the rate of transferase positive cells over
      a 48-hour period. However, galactokinase deficient fibroblasts produced 14CO2 and
      TCA precipitable products from [1-14C]-galactose or [U-14C]-galactose at only 3%
      to 9% the rate of normal fibroblasts. Therefore it seems likely that gal
      transferase deficient fibroblasts must first synthesize galactose-1-P for further
      metabolism of galactose.

PMID- 167036
TI  - Somatic genetic analysis of cyclic AMP action: selection of unresponsive mutants.
AB  - Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline kill S49.1 mouse lymphoma tissue culture
      cells. When cells are grown in soft agar with these drugs, the few clones that
      survive are resistant to cytolysis. The rate of mutation to resistance is 1-3
      times 10-7/cell/generation in both diploid and tetraploid cells. The incidence of
      mutants is increased by treatment with a chemical mutagen, ICR 191. The mutation
      is consistently associated with greatly reduced or absent cytoplasmic cyclic AMP
      binding protein. These results suggest that a somatic mutation leads to a defect
      of the protein kinase regulatory subunit and that activity of this kinase is
      required for induction of cell death by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 167037
TI  - Somatic genetic analysis of cyclic AMP action: characterization of unresponsive
      mutants.
AB  - N-6,O-2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate kills cultured mouse
      lymphosarcoma cells, but not resistant mutants derived by a single-step clonal
      selection. Resistant clones lack the cyclic AMP binding proteins present in wild
      type, cyclic AMP sensitive clones. Both endogenous cyclic AMP, accumulated in
      response to isoproterenol or cholera toxin, and exogenous dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      induce cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, slow growth, and eventually kill wild type
      cells. In the resistant mutants, however, the endogenous and exogenous cyclic
      nucleotides appear to be completely inactive. These results indicate that an
      intracellular receptor for cyclic AMP, previously shown to be associated with a
      cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, mediates cyclic AMP's regulation of growth
      and phosphodiesterase synthesis.

PMID- 167038
TI  - The relation of endogenous adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate to the
      antagonistic effects of adenosine and colchicine on cell shape.
AB  - Adenosine and colchicine have antagonistic effects on cell shape. When Chinese
      Hamster lung fibroblasts (CHE36-6) or SV40 transformed 3T3 (SV3T3) cells are
      incubated with colchicine (1 muM) for one hour at 37 degrees C, they round up
      into spheres with short spikes. Cells treated with adenosine (1 muM-minus 4 mM)
      for one hour become refractile and develop spindly processes. However, when the
      two compounds are added simultaneously, the characteristic responses to either
      drug are abolished and the cells appear normal. The counteraction is specific for
      adenine and its derivatives, adenosine being the most effective of the compounds
      we tested. Accumulation of colchicine or adenosine is not altered significantly
      by the presence of the other drug, ruling out decreases in uptake as the basis of
      the mutual antagonism. The morphological changes can be observed under conditions
      where there are no changes in intracellular cAMP levels (such as incubation with
      low concentrations of adenosine or cordycepin, an adenosine analog that cannot be
      directly converted to cAMP). Colchicine does not alter cAMP content of control or
      adenosine-treated cells. These data show that adenine compounds have potent
      effects on cell shape, and the antagonistic effects of adenosine and colchicine
      on cell shape are not mediated through changes in intracellular cAMP levels.

PMID- 167039
TI  - Difference in transport of leucine in attached and suspended 3T3 cells.
AB  - 3T3 cells in subconfluent culture take up leucine through a transport system
      which has a relatively high affinity for leucine (M system). When the culture
      becomes confluent, the M system is turned off and leucine is transported by
      another system which has a low affinity for leucine (S system). The M system is
      reactivated by transferring the cells into subconfluent cultures. In suspension
      cultures 3T3 cells, initiated from confluent cultures, the M system is not
      activated and leucine is transported by the S system. In cells suspended from
      subconfluent culture, the M system continues to operate at a high level for four
      hours and then is gradually turned off. Tumor virus transformed 3T3 cells (SV3T3
      and Py3T3) grow quite well in suspension culture and transport leucine both in
      monolayer and suspension through a high affinity system, with a high Vmax value.
      A derivative of 3T3, 3T3/41, which grows in suspension much more slowly than
      tumor virus transformed 3T3 cells, also takes up leucine through a high affinity
      transport system both in monolayer and suspension but its Vmax value is lower
      than that of the transformed cells.

PMID- 167040
TI  - Effects of discrete nuclear u.v-microbeam irradiation on herpes virus and SV40
      infection.
AB  - The requirement for a nucleolus in the expression of structural genes of nuclear
      viruses was examined by means of experiments in which the nucleolus or other
      parts of the nucleus was inactivated by a microbean of unltraviolet light. These
      experiments showed that the expression of such genes is not dependent on
      cucleolar function. This conclusion is discussed in the light of previous
      experiments in which similar inactiviation of nucleolus was shown to prevent the
      expression of cellular structural genes.

PMID- 167041
TI  - The binding of the mucoprotein from gastric mucus to cells in tissue culture and
      the inhibition of cell adhesion.
AB  - The mucoprotein, which is responsible for the formation of gastric mucous gel in
      pig, has been shown to bind equally well to suspensions of baby hamster kidney
      cells, polyoma-virus-transformed baby hamster kidney cells and HeLa cells. The
      binding of the mucoprotein to the cells is dependent on Ca 2

PMID- 167042
TI  - Phase-contrast and electron-microscopic observations on a membranous complex in
      primary spermatocytes of the mouse.
AB  - A prominent cytoplasmic inclusion present in living mouse primary spermatocytes
      has been observed by both light and electron microscopy. It began to form at
      prometaphase and continued to increase in thickness and length as the cells
      developed. By metaphase it was a distinct sausage-shaped boundary that enclosed a
      portion of the cytoplasm between the spindle and the cell membrane. At the end of
      metaphase, the inclusion reached its maximum length. At telophase, it was divided
      between the daughter secondaries. The inclusion persisted as a circular contour
      in the interphase secondary spermatocyte. Electron microscopy of the same
      cultured cells that were previously observed with light microscopy revealed that
      the inclusion was a distinctive formation of membranes. It consisted of agranular
      cisternae and vesicles, and was therefore a membranous complex. Many of the
      smaller vesicles in the membranous complex resembled those found in the spindle.
      The cisternae in the membranous complex were identical to the cisternal
      endoplasmic reticulum of interphase primary spermatocytes. Nevertheless, the
      organization of vesicles and cisternae into the membranous complex was unique for
      the primaries in division stages, since such an organization was not present in
      their interphase stages.

PMID- 167043
TI  - The chemistry of penicillanic acids. Part III. A route to 1,2-secopenicillins.

PMID- 167044
TI  - Glyoxylic acid spray reagent for thin-layer chromatographic identification of
      phenylethylamines and indolylethylamines.

PMID- 167045
TI  - Argentation thin-layer chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters on Silufol uv
      254 sheets.

PMID- 167046
TI  - Trimethylsilylation of penicillic acid and patulin, and the stability of the
      products.
AB  - Penicillic acid and patulin have been effectively silylated by N,O
      bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, alone or with trimethylchlorosilane in benzene. The
      silylation products are stable, if stored under refrigeration, for at least 15
      days.

PMID- 167047
TI  - Determination of penicillic acid and patulin by gas-liquid chromatography with an
      electron-capture detector.
AB  - Quantitative and concurrent determinations of penicillic acid and patulin have
      been achieved after separation of these compounds, as their trimethylsilyl
      derivatives, by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection and a
      column of 10% of DC-200 plus 15% of QF-1 on Gas-Chrom Q; the minimum determinable
      amounts of penicillic acid and patulin were 0.05 and 0.1 ng, respectively. The
      procedure devised for determining these compounds in grain involves extraction
      with solvents, followed by further clean-up by thin-layer chromatography; the
      detection limit of this procedure is about 0.02 ppm, and recovery at the level of
      0.05 ppm is about 90%. The significant separation of penicillic acid and patulin
      produced in moldy rice is demonstrated on the gas chromatograms, and this makes
      possible a micro-assay for these toxic compounds in contaminated grain.

PMID- 167048
TI  - Inorganic saltsin the fluorometric detection of presticides.
AB  - A method is described for the detection and quantification of pesticides on
      silica gel ghromatograms by in situ fluorometry. Simple inorganic salts are used
      to induce fluorescence in a number of pesticidal compounds. Intensified
      fluorescence is shown for one naturally fluorescent pesticide. Spectral data and
      instrumental limits of detection are given.

PMID- 167049
TI  - Determination of amines and amino acids in sugar-containing samples by
      dansylation.

PMID- 167050
TI  - Chromatographic-fluorometric analysis of antileprotic sulfones.
AB  - Modifications to the power supply system of a spectrophotofluorometer are
      described. These modifications stabilize the output of the xenon are lamp and
      permit the determination of nanogram quantities of antileprotic sulfones. The
      sulfones are removed from plasma by a single extraction with ethyl acetate, then
      separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography on silica, and detected in the
      effluent by their fluorescence. The method is specific, rapid, and reproducible.

PMID- 167051
TI  - Rapid identification of amino acid derivatives from the sequenator.
AB  - A simple procedure is described for converting thiazolinones, from the protein
      sequenator, to the more stable phenylthiohydantoins without using the
      conventional HCI conversion procedure. The thiazolinones are applied to a silica
      gel plate and converted to phenylthiohydantoins by heating at 140 for 5-10 min,
      in the presence of heptafluorobutyric acid, prior to chromatography. After
      chromatography, measurements of the yields of the derivatives on the plate can be
      made with a variable-wave-length thin-layer chromatography scanner. This is shown
      to be a useful adjunct for identifications.

PMID- 167052
TI  - Analysis for organophosphorus insecticides and metabolites.
AB  - Extraction and cleanup methods used for the analysis of organophosphate
      pesticides are similar to those used for chlorinated hydrocarbons but differ in
      some important details. Many organophosphates are lost during extraction of
      acetonitrile solutions containing organophosphates with petroleum ether;
      dichloromethane is substituted. Also, cleanup by column chromatography on mixed
      adsorbents containing charcoal results in better recoveries than can be obtained
      on Florisil alone. The detectors used for measurement of organophosphates by GLC
      are almost unique for this group of compounds. TLC is very useful for confirming
      the identities of the compounds, and several promising optical methods are
      available for their measurement. Methods for the analysis of metabolites of this
      group are basically similar, since all organophosphates undergo dealkylation
      reactions and cleavage of the acid anhydride bond. However, measurement of the
      polar group which is removed during phosphorylation or other reactions involving
      cleavage of the acid anhydride bond is a problem unique for each compound.

PMID- 167053
TI  - Analysis of fumigants and fumigant residues.
AB  - The terms fumigant and fumigant residue are defined. Interrelationships between
      physically and chemically bound residues, storage environments, nature of the
      substrate and other influencing factors are outlined. Analytical methods include
      polarography by DME and RPE, titrimetry, spectrophotometry, and GC with
      microthermal conductivity, hydrogen flame ionization, electron capture,
      microcoulometric, thermionic, and flame photometric detector systems, with backup
      by enzymatic, radiometric, NAA and X-ray flourescence methods. Various aspects
      are illustrated with different fumigants used commercially. Supplementary methods
      to extend the power and usefulness of analytical methods in fumigant research are
      indicated.

PMID- 167054
TI  - Control and localization of rat adrenal cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate. 
      Comparison with adrenal cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate.
AB  - Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were measured in rat adrenal glands after either
      hypophysectomy alone or after hypophysectomy and treatment with ACTH. Adrenal
      cyclic GMP levels rise in acutely hypophysectomized rats to a maximum at 1 h of
      approximately 200% of control levels; there is a return to base line at 4-12 h
      after hypophysectomy. In contrast, adrenal cyclic AMP falls immediately to about
      50% of control levels after hypophysectomy and remains at approximately 1 pmol
      per mg tissue. Doses of ACTH beyond the physiological range markedly suppress
      adrenal cyclic GMP while producing a 50-fold or greater rise in cyclic AMP in
      hypophysectomized rats. This pattern of adrenal cyclic GMP rise was unchanged in
      acutely hypophysectomized animals treated with desamethasone. N-6-2'-0 dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP acted similarly to the effect of ACTH in bringing about a suppression
      of adrenal cyclic GMP levels. Physiological i.v. pulse doses of ACTH produced a
      rapid dose related increase in adrenal cyclic GMP. In vitro incubation of
      quartered adrenal pairs with 500 mU ACTH produced elevated cyclic AMP levels and
      suppression of cyclic GMP. Whereas adrenal cyclic AMP fell rapidly to 50% of
      control levels after hypophysectomy and remained at about 1 pmol per mg tissue
      for 7 days, adrenal cyclic GMP showed a biphasic rhythm in long-term
      hypophysectomized animals. After an initial peak at 1 h after hypophysectomy,
      adrenal cyclic GMP declined to baseline at 4-12 h but thereafter progressively
      rose with time, eventually reaching levels over 1 pmol per mg tissue. Fluorescent
      immunocytochemical staining of rat adrenal zona fasciculata showed cyclic AMP
      largely confined to cytoplasmic elements with little fluorescence contained in
      nuclei. In constant, cyclic GMP was found discretely positioned in nuclei with
      prominent fluorescence in nucleoli in addition to cytoplasmic localization. It is
      concluded that in hypophysectomized rats ACTH, either directly or in conjunction
      with altertion of adrenal cyclic AMP, appears to be one factor which regulates
      adrenal cyclic GMP. The direction of cyclic GMP change and the different
      subcellular localization of the nucleotides suggest divergent roles for cyclic
      AMP and cyclic GMP in adrenocortical function. Furthermore, our observations
      suggest a role for adrenal cyclic GMP in nuclear directed events.

PMID- 167055
TI  - Experimental infection of red grouse with louping-ill virus (flavivirus group).
      I. The viraemia and antibody response.

PMID- 167056
TI  - The reaction of pregnant ewes to inoculation with mucosal disease virus of bovine
      origin.

PMID- 167057
TI  - Warts in sheep. Identification of a papilloma virus and transmission of infection
      to sheep.

PMID- 167059
TI  - Serological and pathogenicity studies with some unclassified porcine
      adenoviruses.

PMID- 167058
TI  - Studies with foot-and-mouth disease virus in British deer (muntjac and sika).
      Clinical disease, recovery of virus and serological response.

PMID- 167060
TI  - Vascular leakage produced in the brains of mice by Clostridium welchii type D
      toxin.

PMID- 167061
TI  - Use of the indirect fluorescent antibody method for detecting antibodies to
      infectious bronchitis virus in chickens serum.

PMID- 167063
TI  - Adrenal responsiveness in lactating holstein cows.
AB  - Ten Holstein cows, in second to fifth lactation, received 200 IU
      adrenocorticotrophin at approximately 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 wk of lactation.
      Blood samples were collected from indwelling jugular catheters at -60 and 0 min
      pre-injection and at 2, 6, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 540, and
      720 min postinjection. Post-injection concentrations of glucocorticoids were
      influenced by milk yield, stage of lactation, age, and mean environmental
      temperature but not by pre-injection concentration of glucocorticoids or days
      pregnant. As milk yield, cow age, and daily temperature (range 6.4 to 26.9 C)
      increased, glucocorticoid response decreased whereas it increased with advancing
      stage of lactation. Curves of adrenal response for the six injection times during
      lactation were not parallel, and average response adjusted for significant
      independent variables increased roughly in linear fashion from 15 to 53 ng/ml
      between 4 and 40 wk of lactation. Adrenal responsiveness was less in cows
      injected on days when temperatures were above 21.1 C than in those injected below
      this temperature. There was no evidence that adrenal function or milk production
      was altered in high producing cows at higher environmental temperatures
      differently from in low producing cows. The change in adrenal function during
      advancing lactation was not associated with pre-treatment peripheral plasma
      glucocorticoid concentrations which did not change. There appears to be a well
      mainained adrenal potential and sustained adrenocortical activity throughout
      lactation.

PMID- 167062
TI  - Changes in the cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate system of rat mammary gland
      during lactation cycle.
AB  - Several aspects of the cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate system of rat
      mammary glands were investigated including effects of stage of pregnancy and
      lactation upon tissue cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate amounts and adenyl
      cyclase, cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase, and protein
      kinase activities. Cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate decreased at early
      lactation, and this decrease coincided with an increase in phosphodiesterase
      activity. Adenyl cyclase activity remained unchanged from late pregnancy to end
      of lactation. At late pregnancy, activity of protein kinase was about the same as
      during lactation indicating that increase in protein kinase activities in the
      glands precedes increases in activities of other major enzymes and the increase
      in ribonucleic acids in late pregnancy or early lactation. Epinephrine,
      prolactin, growth hormone, thyroxine, and prostaglandine caused 60, 80, 140, 200,
      and 270% increases in adenyl cyclase activity in vitro.

PMID- 167064
TI  - Early mammary gland responses to hormones.

PMID- 167065
TI  - Hormonal actions on mammary metabolism.

PMID- 167066
TI  - Transport of dietary cholesterol into blood and milk of the goat.
AB  - Position 4 labeled carbon-14 cholesterol was placed in abomasums (stomachs) of
      two lactating goats. Blood and milk samples were collected from the animals for 5
      to 13 days. Specific activities of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in various
      fractions of blood serum and milk were determined to reveal pathways by which
      dietary cholesterol enters milk. Results with the two animals showed similar
      trends. Within 24 h both cholesterol and cholesteryl esters of the three
      principal serum lipoproteins of the goat were labeled, and this labeling
      persisted in substantial degree for the 13-day experiment. Specific acities for
      cholesteryl esters in  milk fat globules exhibited several remarkable attributes:
      they fluctuated in intensity with a 3-to 4-day cycle reaching a maximum at 7 to 8
      days after tracer injection; they exceeded cholesteryl ester specific activity in
      the skim milk by an order of magnitude; and at their maximum they exceeded all
      specific activities for serum components. The results of this investigation
      exemplify the ease with which dietary cholesterol enters and crosses membranes in
      the animal body.

PMID- 167067
TI  - Origin of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in saliva.
AB  - The level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in duct saliva from the dog
      submandibular gland was increased after cyclic AMP was administered intravenously
      in vivo. Isoproterenol increased the level of cyclic AMP in plasma and saliva in
      vivo and in salivary gland slices in vitro, but increased the level only slightly
      in saliva in a prefused dog submaxillary gland.

PMID- 167068
TI  - Cytomegalovirus in the submandibular and sublingual glands of the southern
      grasshopper mouse (Onychomys torridus torridus).

PMID- 167069
TI  - Preparation of optically active 6-chlorotryptophan and tryptophan.

PMID- 167071
TI  - Letter: Transcendental meditation.

PMID- 167070
TI  - Ethoxyguin nitroxide.

PMID- 167072
TI  - Night terrors. A review of the psychology, neurophysiology, and therapy.

PMID- 167073
TI  - Letter: Models for the electron paramagnetic resonance nondetectable copper in
      "blue oxidases". A binuclear copper (II) complex with oxidized glutathione.

PMID- 167075
TI  - Sex similarities in successful medical school applicants.

PMID- 167074
TI  - Genetic influences on special education placement.

PMID- 167076
TI  - The perils of prescribing.

PMID- 167077
TI  - A procedure for removing red cells and dead cells from lymphoid cell suspensions.
AB  - A procedure is described for simultaneously removing red cells and dead cells
      from lymphoid cell suspensions, based on the observation that when populations of
      lymphoid cells are centrifuged on a mixture of Isopaque/Ficoll, dead cells and
      red cells sediment whereas viable cells float. The technique very efficiently
      removed red cells from a wide range of lymphoid cell suspensions and eliminated
      lymphocytes killed by mechanical stress, by antibody and complement and by
      prolonged tissue culture. The depletion of red cells was greater than 99% and the
      recovery of viable lymphocytes usually greater than 90%, the resulting cell
      suspensions being around 95-100% viable. The immunological activity of B cells,
      helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells virtually unimpaired by the separation
      procedure.

PMID- 167078
TI  - Epidermal synthesis of prostaglandins and their effect on levels of cyclic
      adenosine 3', 5'monophosphate.
AB  - Extracts of guinea-pig and human skin epidermis were analyzed for prostaglandins
      PGE1, E2, and F2alpha by radioimmunoassy, and found to contain a total of 62.0
      (guinea pig) and 144.7 (human) ng/gm wet weight. the three prostaglandins
      occurred in approximately equal amounts. Guinea=pig epidermal homogenates
      converted labeled arachidonic acid to PGE2 and PGF2alpha, the rate of formaiton
      being 10 and 2.5 pmoles per mg protein in O.K hr, respectively. Conversion in the
      dermis occurred to a much smaller extent. Homogenates of univolved and involved
      epidermis from 10 subjects with psoriasis produced PGE2 from arachidonic acid at
      rates of 6.48 and 2...

PMID- 167079
TI  - An in vitro and in vivo investigation of the phototoxic effect and its
      amelioration with radioprotective compounds.
AB  - Electron spin resonance spectroscopy has been used to demonstrate that the
      phototoxic antimalarial drug, 6,8-dichloro-2-phenyl-a-2
      piperidnylquinolinemethanol (WR 7930), when irradiated with long-wave ultraviolet
      (UV) light (lambda greater than 320 nm) while held in a glassy matrix at 73
      degrees K, enters a triplet state and releases hydrogen atoms in its environment.
      The steady-state concentration of triplet WR 7930 molecules and of hydrogen atoms
      is reduced 2 to 3 times when mercaptoethylamine (MEA) is also present in the UV
      irradiated glass. Organosulfur radicals form on MEA while hydrogen atoms and
      triplet-state molecules are reduced in number. Hydrogen atoms and triplet WR 7930
      molecules are considered as mediators of the phototoxicity of the antimalarial
      drug. Thus, hydrogen atom scavanging and chemical quenching of the triplet state
      are possible mechanisms by which protection against phototoxic effects could be
      gained. Protection is demonstrated in mice receiving 20 mg per kg WR 7930
      intraperitoneally and exposed to long-wave UV for 20 hr when the radioprotective
      aminothiol-forming compound, 2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethyl dihydrogen
      phosphorothioate (WR 2721), is administered at 400 mg per kg immediately before
      irradiation. When no protective drug is administered concurrently, WR 7930
      administration results in intense erythema, edema, and eventual necrosis of ear
      tissues.

PMID- 167080
TI  - Prostaglandins and cutaneous inflammation.

PMID- 167082
TI  - [Basic studies on lung cancer and their clinical significance (author's transl)].

PMID- 167083
TI  - Treatment of lobar pulmonary metastasis in childhood cancer.

PMID- 167081
TI  - [Problems in surgical managements of pulmonary carcinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 167084
TI  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.

PMID- 167085
TI  - Non-chromaffin paraganglioma of the nasopharynx.
AB  - A case of non-chromaffin paraganglioma of the nasopharynx is presented.
      Previously reported cases are discussed and classified, and theories of origin
      are reviewed in the light of new evidence suggesting a common origin for this
      rare tumour and juvenile angiofibroma of the nasopharynx.

PMID- 167086
TI  - Effects of glucagon and dibutyryl adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate on
      oxidative desaturation of fatty acids in the rat.
AB  - The present work was undertaken to study the effect of anti-insulinic and
      glycogenolytic factors on the oxidative desaturation of fatty acids. The effects
      of glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the desaturation of linoleic acid to
      gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid to octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid,
      stearic acid to oleic acid, and eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid to eicosa-5,8,11,14
      tetraenoic acid by rat liver microsomal preparations were investigated. Fasted
      rats had low desaturating activity, but refeeding a fat-free diet enhanced the
      activity. Administration of glucagon or dibutyryl cyclic AMP abolished the
      increase of the 6-desaturase activity elicited by refeeding. However, a similar
      effect on the 9-desaturase and 5-desaturase activity was not observed. The
      relationship between these effects and glucose metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 167087
TI  - Turnover and tissue distribution of 125-I-labeled low density lipoprotein in
      swine and dogs.
AB  - Swine plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) isolated ultracentrifugally (d 1.019
      1.063) was labeled with 125-I, dialyzed, and reisolated by centrifugation at d
      1.063. Over 96% of the radioactivity was shown to be associated with the
      apoprotein. After reinjection into the donor animal, disapperance of 125-I was
      followed for up to 122 hr. At all time intervals examined, over 95% of the total
      plasma 125-I was recovered in LDL (D 1.006-1.063), i.e., there was apparently no
      transfer of radioactivity to high density or very low density lipoproteins. The
      disappearance curve was biexponential, with half-lives of 0.83 plus or minus 0.06
      and 22.5 plus or minus 1.7 hr for the first and second phases, respectively (13
      studies). The mean calculated fractional catabolic rate was 0.041 plus or minus
      0.003 hr-minus 1. Similar results were obtained in three dogs using autologous
      LDL of density 1.020-1.050; fractional catabolic rates were 0.031, 0.031, and
      0.029 hr-minus 1. Tissue distribution of 125-I was determined in swine killed at
      various time intervals after [125-I]LDL injection with corrections for
      radioactivity in trapped plasma. Of the tissues examined, the liver showed by far
      the highest concentration. Total hepatic radioactivity, expressed as a percentage
      of total plasma radioactivity, was rather constant and independent of the time of
      killing from 3 to 122 hr (15.8 plus or minus 1.9%). The total extravascular LDL
      pool calculated from analysis of the plasma disappearance curves was about 20-30%
      of the size of the plasma LDL pool. These data are consistent with the conclusion
      that the liver accounts for a very large fraction of the total extravascular LDL
      pool. These data are consistent with the conclusion that the liver accounts for a
      very large fraction of the total extravascular LDL pool and that it is infairly
      rapid equilibrium with the plasma pool. To what extent the liver is involved in
      irreversible degradation cannot be inferred from these findings.

PMID- 167088
TI  - An evaluation of the zygomatic arch for separating juvenile from adult cotton
      rats (sigmodon hispidus).

PMID- 167089
TI  - Enzyme histochemistry of alveolar cell carcinoma.

PMID- 167090
TI  - Influence of the pituitary gland on insulin secretion in the genetically obese
      (ob/ob) mouse.
AB  - The influence of the pituitary gland of lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice
      on insulin secretion from microdissected pancreatic islets of lean and ob/ob mice
      has been studied by perifusing the pituitaries of these animals in series with
      the isolated islets and measuring insulin secretion at 5-min intervals over a
      period of 60 min. It has been shown that the pituitary perifusate of both lean
      and obese mice stimulate insulin secretion from lean mouse islets but not from
      obese mouse islets. The maximum stimulation occurs in the first 10 min and with
      the lean mouse pituitaries returns to the basal level in about 20 min, whereas
      with the obese mouse pituitaries insulin secretion is about double that from the
      control islets even after 40 min. A concentration of pure porcine ACTH equivalent
      to about three times the amount released from the pituitary gland under the
      experimental conditions used, caused only a small stimulation of insulin release.
      Possible interpretations of these findings and further lines of investigation are
      discussed.

PMID- 167091
TI  - Diminished urinary excretion of cycle AMP by rats given disodium ethane-1-hydroxy
      1,1-diphosphonate.

PMID- 167092
TI  - Concentrations of cyclic AMP in rabbit ovarian tissue during the preovulatory
      period and pseudopregnancy after induction of ovulation by administration of
      human chorionic gonadotrophin.
AB  - Concentrations of cyclic AMP were measured in rabbit ovaries at various times
      after injection of an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). A
      biphasic increase in cyclic AMP concentration occurred during the preovulatory
      period, with peaks 30 min and 3-4 h after HCG injection. Concentrations of cyclic
      AMP had returned to those observed in ovaries of control oestrous animals before
      the onset of ovulation 10-12 h after administration of HCG, and remained low
      throughout the period of pseudopregnancy. Concentrations of cyclic AMP in the
      newly formed and developing corpora lutea were similar to the concentrations
      observed in the remainder of the tissue during this period. No significant
      increase in cyclic AMP concentration was observed 7-9 days after initiation of
      ovulation. Concentrations of ATP were also investigated during the preovulatory
      period. The dose-response relationship of HCG to cyclic AMP production in
      oestrous rabbit ovaries was investigated.

PMID- 167093
TI  - The pituitary-adrenal system of the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse.
AB  - Adult genetically obese (ob/ob) mice which are characterized by adrenal
      hypertrophy and increased secretion of corticosteroids have considerably
      increased levels of ACTH in the pituitary gland. At 5 weeks of age there is no
      difference in the pituitary ACTH content of lean and obese animals and dietary
      restriction, sufficient to maintain body weight at normal values, reduces the
      pituitary ACTH content of adult obese mice from 14 times the level found in lean
      litter-mate controls to almost normal values. Using an in-vitro perifusion
      system, the release of ACTH from isolated pituitary glands was studied.
      Pituitaries from lean and obese mice responded similarly to stimulation with a
      crude extract of hypothalamic tissue containing coticotrophin releasing factor
      (CRF). The CRF content of the hypothalamus in both groups appears to be similar.
      In contrast with the high pituitary content, plasma values for ACTH in unstressed
      obese mice are not increased. The results are discussed in relation to other
      evidence for a hypothalamic disorder in ob/ob mice.

PMID- 167094
TI  - In vitro studies on allotype suppression.  III. compounds of antiallyotype serum
      active in release from allotype suppression.
AB  - Spleen cells of b4b6 rabbits, shown to be deficient in their ability to produce
      b4Ig due to prenatal exposure to anti-b4, formed anti-T2 antibodies marked with
      the b4 determinant in response to solubilized T2 phage (S-T2) only when cultured
      in the presence of antibodies specific for the nonsuppressed type (b6), thus
      confirming and extending the previously reported observation of release from b4
      suppression in cultured cells of b4-suppressed b4b5 rabbits treated with anti-b5
      serum.  Only antiallotype sera made in b4 rabbits were active in reversing b4
      suppression.  Anti-b5 or anti-b6 sera from rabbits of allotypes b6 or b5,
      respectively, when used in concentrations which completely or partially inhibited
      the formation of anti-T2 antibodies marked with the corresponding nonsuppressed
      allotype of the spleen donor, proved to be almost completely ineffective in
      causing release of suppression.  Exceptions were noted when spleen cells of
      rabbits advanced in spontaneous escape from suppression were tested with such
      sera.  The addition of normal b4 serum to non-b4 antiallotypic sera rendered them
      as effective in releasing b4 suppression in vitro as were antisera from b4
      rabbits.  Furthermore, the capacity of a b4 antiallotype serum to cause reversal
      of b4 suppression could be potentiated by the addition of normal b4 serum,
      indicating that nonantibody b4 Ig is a limiting factor in such a serum.  Thus,
      the release from allotype suppression observed in cultures of spleen cells from
      b4-suppressed heterozygous rabbits is dependent upon the presence of two
      components: antibodies directed against the nonsuppressed allotype of the donor
      and normal b4Ig.  These findings are interpreted in terms of alternate hypotheses
      involving (a) a mechanism of b4 derepression and (b) inactivation of a suppressor
      cell with recognition for a b4-labeled target.

PMID- 167095
TI  - Secretion of a specific collagenase by stimulated macrophages.
AB  - Thioglycollate-stimulated mouse macrophages release a specific collagenase into
      their medium during in vitro culture. The macrophage collagenase has been
      characterized as a typical metal proteinase which catalyzes the cleavage of the
      native collagen molecule into three and one-quarter fragments. The extracellular
      accumulation and low activity in cell lysates suggest that collagenase is a
      secretion product of the stimulated macrophage. Prolonged secretion of the enzyme
      at a constant rate for more than 7 days in culture and its inhibition by
      cycloheximide provide evidence for biosynthesis in vitro. In contrast, secretion
      of collagenase is barely detectable from unstimulated macrophages which can,
      however, be stimulated to secret the enzyme by ingestion and intralysosomal
      storage of latex particles or dextran sulfate. Macrophages laden with latex, an
      undigestable particle, continue to release collagenase for at least 20 days.
      Several established mouse cell lines have also been examined for their capacity
      to secrete collagenase. Collagenase is one of a class of inducible neutral
      proteinases by which the activated macrophage can modify its extracellular
      environment.

PMID- 167096
TI  - Elastase secretion by stimulated macrophages. Characterization and regulation.
AB  - Thioglycolate-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages secrete a Proteinase which
      degrades insoluble elastin. There is little elastase activity in cell lysates but
      the bulk of the enzyme accumulates extracellularly during culture in serum-free
      medium. The secretion of elastase is sustained for over 12 days in culture and
      continued secretion of elastase requires protein synthesis. Unstimulated
      macrophages secrete very little elastase activity but can be triggered to secrete
      higher levels of this enzyme by phagocytosis and intracellular storage of latex
      particles. The macrophages elastase is a distinctive proteinase differing from
      the elastases of pancreas and granulocytes and is distinct from the other
      secreted proteinases of macrophages, namely, collagenase and plasminogen
      activator. The macrophages elastase is a serine proteinase and is inhibited by di
      isopropyl phosphoro-fluoridate, ovoinhibitor, EDTA, dithiothretiol, and serum.
      Its activity is little affected by soybean trypsin inhibitor, turkey ovomucoid
      and chloromethyl ketones derived from tosyl lysine, tosyl phenylalanine, and
      acetyltetra alanine. Hydrolysis by macrophage elastase of chromogenic ester
      substrates for pancreatic elastase could not be detected. Elastase secretion by
      stimulated macrophages exceeds that by primary and established fibroblast cell
      strains. It is likely that elastase secretion by macrophages plays a major role
      in the pathogenesis of chronic destructive pulmonary diseases such as emphysema.

PMID- 167097
TI  - New mutant and congenic mouse stocks expressing the murine leukemia virus
      associated thymocyte surface antigen GIX.
AB  - For several reasons the G(IX) antigen (1) has a prominent place in current work
      on murine leukemia virus (MuLV): In the prototype G(IX+) mouse strain 129, the
      G(IX) trait is mendelian, and is expressed selectively (though not exclusively)
      on thymocytes. Thus, expression of this cell surface component is under the
      control of cellular genes and is subject to the controls governing the
      differentiation of T lymphocytes (2). Although the 129 mouse produces no
      demonstrable leukemia virus such as that found in the AKR strain, it was soon
      realized that G(IX) antigen must in some way be related to MuLV, because
      productive infection with MuLV is frequently associated with appearance of G(IX)
      antigen on cells that are genotypically G(IX-), most notably on MuLV-infected rat
      cells, or cells that belong to other differentiation pathways (1). The basis of
      this connection between G(IX) and MuLV has recently become clear from the
      demonstration that G(IX) is one of MuLV envelope. Therefore, our working
      hypothesis is that the presence of G(IX) is one of the antigens present on
      gp69/71 (3,4), the major glycoprotein component of the MuLV envelope. Therefore,
      our working hypothesis is that the presence of G(IX) antigen always denotes the
      presence of gp69/71 (though not all variants of gp69/71 need necessarily carry
      G(IX)). Study of the circumstances under which G(IX) is expressed on the cell
      surface is thus potentially a powerful approach to understanding how the
      expression of C-type viral genomes is controlled. Such studies are greatly
      facilitated by the availability of mutant and congenic strains of inbred mice
      which differ from the nonmutant or partner strains only with respect to one or
      another manifestation of the viral genome. It is for this reason that we record
      here (Table I) some details of two G(IX) mutant and two G(IX) congenic stocks
      derived in our colonies at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). In
      addition, to these four strains, Table I includes data for the three relevant
      partner strains, and for strain AKR, for comparison. These eight strains all
      differ from one another with respect to one or more MuLV-related traits.

PMID- 167098
TI  - Expression of murine leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp69/71 on mouse
      thymocytes.  Evidence for two structural variants distinguished by presence vs.
      absence of GIX antigen.
AB  - Thymocytes of several mouse strains were tested for expression of the gp69/71
      envelope component of murine leukemia virus by surface iodination, followed by
      immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.  Theses strains included two congenic lines differing from their
      partner stocks with respect to expression of GIX antigen demonstrable in the
      cytoxicity assay.  We conclude that:(a) two structural variants of gp69/71 can be
      expressed on mouse thymocytes, (b) these are distinguishable by a small
      difference in mobility in SDS gels, (c) one carries GIX antigen and the other
      not, (d) they are coded, or their expression is regulated, by different
      chromosomal loci that are not closely linked, and (e) both can be expressed
      together on the thymocytes of inbred mice.  In the intact thymocyte plasma
      membrane, the sites of group-specific antigen shared by the two gp69/71 variants,
      unlike the GIX type specificity carried by only one of them, are probably
      inaccessible to antibody.

PMID- 167099
TI  - Fibroblast surface antigen produced but not retained by virus-transformed human
      cells.
AB  - Normal human fibroblasts contain a cell type-specific glycoprotein antigen (SF)
      that is known to be slowly shed into the medium and to be present also in human
      serum.  Immunofluorescence with anti-SF antibodies showed that SF antigen has a
      highly nonrandom fibrillar distribution in surface of normal fibroblasts.  Simian
      virus 40-transformed fibroblasts also produced the SF antigen, as shown by
      radioimmunoassay or immunodiffusion tests, but it was not retained by the surface
      of these cells.  This creates a major difference between the surfaces of normal
      and malignant cells.

PMID- 167100
TI  - Effect of cytochrome C on the cerebral blood flow and metabolism.

PMID- 167101
TI  - A case of glioblastoma multiforme with extracranial metastasis.

PMID- 167102
TI  - The identification and purification of multiple forms of theta-haemolysin (theta
      toxin) of Clostridium perfringens type A.
AB  - The theta-haemolysin of Clostridium perfringens was purified from culture
      supernatant fluids of type A strains by fractional ammonium sulphate
      precipitation and isoelectric focusing in narrow pH 5 to 8 gradients. Four
      components detected on electrofocusing were designated theta-1(pI6-8to6-9),theta
      2(pI6-5to6-6),theta-3(pI6-1to6-3) and theta-4(pI5-7to5-9). Specific activities
      ranged from 0-4 x 10-6 to 1-2 x 10-6 haemolytic units/mg protein and 2950 to 3600
      LD-50/mg protein. Each haemolytic component was activated by cysteine
      hydrochloride, and inactivated by cholesterol, by addition of sheep erythrocyte
      ghosts and by heating at 60 degrees C for 10 min; mouse erythrocytes were more
      resistant than sheep erythrocytes to haemolysis. A reaction of identity was
      obtained between components in gel diffusion. Sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide discgel electrophoresis gave molecular weights in the range 59,000
      to 62,000 for each component. A similar value was obtained for theta-1 on density
      gradient ultracentrifugation. Although the multiple forms were free of 11 factors
      present  in culture supernatants, crossed immunoelectrophoresis and disc gel
      electrophoresis revealed minor contaminants. These studies reveal that theta
      haemolysin has physical properties in common with other oxygen-labile
      haemolysins.

PMID- 167103
TI  - Nature of the determinant responsible for the adhesion of lactobacilli to chicken
      crop epithelial cells.
AB  - Using an in vitro method, some factors affecting the attachment of a strain of
      lactobacillus to chicken crop epithelial cells have been studied. Time of contact
      beyond 10 min, pH value, age or growth temperature of the bacterial culture, or
      nature of the energy source in the growth medium had little or no effect on
      attachment. Heating to 100 degrees C for 10 min, or treatment with EDTA or
      surface active compounds was also without effect. Treatment with sodium periodate
      markedly decreased adhesion, proteolytic enzymes had a smaller effect but wheat
      germ lipase was completely inactive. The pronounced inhibition of adhesion by
      periodate suggested the invovement of carbohydrate. However, enzymes known to
      attack carbohydrate substrates were inactive in reducing adhesion. Concanavalin
      A, which binds specifically to certain sugar residues, reduced attachment. It is
      suggested that these concanavalin A receptors on the lactobacillus are
      responsible for its attachment to crop epithelial cells.

PMID- 167104
TI  - Chemical mutagenesis of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici: non-selected
      changes in pathogenicity of auxotrophic mutants.
AB  - Single and multiple auxotrophic mutants of the Fusarium oxysporum f.
      sp.lycopersici strains which cause Fusarium crown-rot and Fusarium wilt of tomato
      were obtained by chemical mutagenesis with nitrous acid, nitrosoguandidine and
      ethylmethaneulphonate. The mutagenesis and selection procedures, adapted for use
      with a plant pathogenic fungus, are described. Changes in pathogenicity were
      observed when the auxotrophs were compared with the wild type but no correlation
      was observed between changes in pathogenicity and the particular nutritional
      requirement.

PMID- 167105
TI  - Fate of parental simian virus 40 DNA in permissive monkey kidney cells.
AB  - The fate of parental SV40 DNA in monkey kidney cells was investigated by
      infecting the cells with purified virus labelled with [3-H]-thymidine. 5
      Bromodeoxyuridine (200 mug/ml) was added to the cells at 2 h after infection to
      label virus progeny DNA. At 72 h post-infection the cells were harvested and
      virus DNA was extracted and fractionated by isopycnic sedimentation in CsCL
      solution. The following DNAs with characteristic densities were found: light
      (LL), 1.70 g/ml; hybrid (HL), 1-75 g/ml and heavy DNA (HH), 1-80 g/ml. Of the
      total cell-associated [3-H]-radioactivity (derived from parental virus), more
      than 90% was recovered in unreplicated parental DNA(LL DNA), about 2% was
      recovered in the HL DNA and about 1-7% was associated with the HH DNA. The
      unreplicated parental DNA was present as uncoated intact DNA complexed with
      proteins present in the infected cell. The HL DNA contains one light parental and
      one heavy progeny DNA strand. The nature of the radioactivity present in the HH
      DNA remains to be determined.

PMID- 167106
TI  - Polyamine metabolism in cells infected with herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Ifection of LS cells with HSV-1 resulted in an inhibition of spermidine and
      spermine synthesis from putrescine, possibly through inhibition of host cell
      protein synthesis. The rate of putrescine uptake increased soon after infection,
      and later, polyamines were lost from the cells. Inhibition of spermidine and
      spermine synthesis by methylglyoxal bis (amidinohydrazone) did not affect virus
      replication.

PMID- 167107
TI  - Are cytotoxicity and interferon inducing activity of poly(I).poly(C) invariably
      linked in interferon-treated L cells.
AB  - Interferon-treated L cells exhibit a specific enhanced susceptibility to the
      cytotoxic and interferon inducing activities of double-stranded RNAs such as
      poly(1). poly(C). These activities remained closely linked through widely varying
      assay conditions, involving, for example, different time anddosage schedules of
      poly(1). poly (C),suggesting that there is at least one common step in the
      mechanisms leading to interferon formation and toxicity in interferon-primed
      cells exposed to poly(1).poly(C). However, some procedures such as addition of
      metabolic inhibitors (actinomycin D, cycloheximide) and repeated administration
      of poly(1).poly(C) suppressed the interferon inducing capacity of poly(1).poly(C)
      without a concomitant decrease of toxicity. Other procedures such as brief
      treatment of the cells with interferon or DEAE-dextran permitted full expression
      of the interferon inducing activity of poly(1).poly(C) without any sign of
      toxicity. The latter results suggest that the mechanisms underlying interferon
      production and toxicity of poly(1).poly(C) in interferon-treated L cells diverge
      from a certain point onward.

PMID- 167109
TI  - Iterferon induction in mice by BHK cells persistently infected with HVJ.
AB  - Intraperitoneal injection into mice of BHK-HVJ cells (BHK cells persistently
      infected with HVJ) induced considerable amounts of circulating interferon.
      Sonication of BHK-HVJ cells almost totally abolished their interferon inducing
      capacities. This result suggests that a certain native organized structure of
      virus infected cells might be essential for production of interferon in this
      system, as is suggested in the in vitro sytem.

PMID- 167108
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of BK virus uptake and replication in human fibroblasts.
AB  - After exposure of human embryonic fibroblasts to BK virus, virus particles
      adsorbed to the plasma membrane were engulfed by pinocytosis or captured by
      vesicles, possibly originating from the endoplasmic reticulum, within 2 h after
      infection. Most of the virus particles were then transported into lysosomes or
      into the nucleus, while a small amount of virus was found free in the cytoplasm.
      Virus particles entered the nucleus between 2 and 12 h after infection, were
      still detectable in the nucleus at 24 h after infectionand becamse
      morphologically undiscernible at 30 h after infection, suggesting that a nuclear
      uncoating mechanism was active between 24 and 30 h after infection. Virus progeny
      started to appear in the nucleus of infected cells at 4 days after infection, but
      not until 7 to 8 days after infection did the virus escape into the cytoplasm and
      cell degeneration became evident. The possible explanations for the long
      replicative cycle of BK virus are discussed.

PMID- 167110
TI  - Transformation by a temperature sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus in the
      absence of serum.
AB  - Cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with the temperature-sensitive
      transformation mutant of Rous sarcoma virus, tsLA24PR-A, were arrested between
      mitosis and S phase by exposure to serum-free medium at the non-permissive
      temperature (41degree C) for 2 days. On shifting to the permissive temperature
      (35degree C) the cells assumed a transformed morphology and increased uptake of
      [2minus 3H]-Deoxy-glucose. There was a concomitant increase in acid insoluble
      [3H]-thymidine. This suggests that the virus transforming function can cause
      stationary cells to enter their growth cycle. The level of release of infectious
      virus was shown to decrease on cell cycle arrest in serum-free medium and not to
      recover on a shift to 35 degrees, when cellular DNA synthesis and transformation
      was induced. Cultures rendered stationary in medium containing serum depleted of
      multiplication stimulating factor did not show this reduction in virus
      production.

PMID- 167112
TI  - Genetic control of resistance of chick embryo cultures to RSV (RAV 50).
AB  - The genetic control of resistance of chick embryo cultures to RSV (RAV 50) was
      studied in crosses between the highly inbred Reaseheath lines, I, C and W and in
      the test-cross between WC(F1) and RPRL line 7. Embryo cultures resistant to
      RSV(RAV2) were also resistant to RSV(RAV 50). Genetic analysis of the segregation
      results of resistance and susceptibility in the F2, back-crosses, and test-cross
      populations suggests that the tvb genes pleiotropically control the resistance of
      the embryo cultures to RSV(RAV 50).

PMID- 167111
TI  - Evidence for a host cell surface antigen on the envelope of avian tumour viruses.
AB  - Avian sarcoma viruses of the A, B, C, D and E subgroups are inactivated about 100
      fold by the serum of rabbits immunized against chick embryo (CE) cells, in the
      presence, but not in the absence, of complement. The inactivation is not due to
      the action of the antiserum and complement on the CE cell cultures used for virus
      assay, nor to anti-Forssman antibodies, but it is presumably due to antibodies to
      some antigen(s) common to the surface of CE cells and to the virus envelope. This
      host cell surface antigen (HSCA) is also present on the surface of the helper
      viruses RAV1 and RAV2 of Bryan strain Rous sacroma virus. However, it cannot be
      said whether it is identical for viruses of all subgroups. A parallel electron
      microscopical study has revealed a characteristic swelling and loss of opacity to
      electrons of virus particles treated with the antiserum and complement, which
      appears to precede virolysis. Avian sarcoma viruses are not inactivated, in the
      presence or absence of complement, by antiserum to BHK21 hamster cells
      transformed by RSV and carrying virus-induced surface antigen (VISA). Therefore,
      the virus particles do not carry any surface antigen common to transformed non
      permissive and permissive cells.

PMID- 167113
TI  - Location and abundance of poly (A) sequences in Sendai virus messenger RNA
      molecules.
AB  - Adenine-rich sequences from 18S Sendai virus messenger RNA species were 99%
      adenylate, 3'-OH terminal, and were present in at least 50% of the RNA molecules.
      Intact virus messenger RNA molecules were resistant to exonucleolytic attack by
      polynucleotide phosphorylase, suggesting that their 3'-termini are masked.

PMID- 167114
TI  - Replication of reticuloendotheliosis viruses in cell culture: chronic infection.
AB  - After an initial acute infection with cell killing, chicken or duck embryo
      fibroblasts infected in culture with reticuloendotheliosis viruses set up a
      chronic infection with no cell killing or morphological transformation.
      Essentially all of the chronically infected cells produced virus. The virus
      production was not sensitive to cytosine arabinoside or mitomycin C as was virus
      production in an acute infection. The chronically infected cells had a strong
      group-specific resistancto the c.p.e. of superinfecting reticuloendotheliosis
      viruses. However, they were sensitive to vesicular stomatitis virus and avian
      leukosis-sarcoma viruses. After double infection, single cells produced
      reticuloendotheliosis virus and avian leukosis-sarcoma virus.

PMID- 167115
TI  - Protein synthesis in Sendai virus-infected cells.
AB  - The rate of protein synthesis in chicken embryo cells infected with Sendai virus
      18 to 20 h previously was about two times greater than in mock-infected controls.
      At this time of infection six stable virus-induced proteins, four major
      structural proteins (P, NH, NP and M) and two non-structural proteins (28K and
      61K), were identified by electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gel of total cell
      extracts. The structural glycopeptide F was not detected in the infected cell
      extracts. Pulse-chase experiments showed that PN NP, M and 28K proteins either
      did not undergo any post-translational processing or the processing occurred very
      rapidly. By contrast, a glycopeptide NH was apparently derived from one of two
      unstable precursons, 69K or 63K, which were revealed only after a short pulse.
      The synthesis of virus-specific proteins appeared to be regulated since its rate
      varied for individual classes of proteins. In nucleocapsid-particles isolated
      from infected cells two major structural proteins (P and NP) were found. A minor
      component with a very large mol. wt. was revealed in these particles as well as
      in the virus particle.

PMID- 167117
TI  - Characterization of adenovirus antibodies by single radial diffusion in agarose
      gels containing immobilized intact virus particles.
AB  - The interaction between antibodies and surface antigens of intact immobilized
      adenovirus particles was studied by single radial immunodiffusion tests (SRDT) in
      agarose gels. Purified virus particles and antisera against virus particles of
      selected serotypes representing different subgroups and against structural
      components of certain serotypes were employed. Antibodies against hexons, pentons
      and fibres all gave visible zones. Antisera against the latter components were
      more efficient in forming zones and this was though to be due to the occurrence
      of relatively smaller amounts of vertex capsomers and fibre antigen at the virus
      particle surface. The capacity of antibodies against vertex capsomers to form
      zones was demonstrated in tests with virus particles of intermediate types. The
      SRDT with immobilized virus particles was found to be highly sensitive for the
      demonstration of virus particle surface antigens shared between serotypes.
      Results obtained in previous studies using virus particles haemagglutination
      inhibition (HI) tests including anti-antiserum were confirmed. Cross-reactions
      mainly occurred within subgroups and were ascribed to a sharing of vertex
      capsomere antigens. In preliminary studies a rapid typing was achieved by
      examination of paired human sera from five cases of adenovirus infections.

PMID- 167116
TI  - Early alteration of poliovirus in infected cells and its specific inhibition.
AB  - HeLa cells infected with radioactive poliovirus type 2 were disrupted with
      ultrasonic treatment, followed by addition of a non-ionic detergent. Two types of
      virus particles were found to sediment at 80 to 90% the rate of native virus. The
      first of these appeared to be a complex of native virus particles and membrane
      components, since treatment with 0-2% SDS released infectious native particles.
      The second was non-infectious and its sedimentation rate was not greatly altered
      by SDS. One hour after infection this non-infectious particle was the major
      product of cell-mediated eclipse. We have confirmed that 10 to 30 mg-g/ml S-7, a
      substituted thiopyrimidine, blocks infection of cells by poliovirus in a specific
      manner. Analysis of cells infected with radioactive poliovirus type 2 in the
      presence of S-7 showed that the virus particles remained as the complex which can
      be disrupted with SDS. In addition to blocking cell-mediated eclipse, S-7
      stabilizes poliovirus against heat inactivation in vitro at the same
      concentrations which block infection. This action resembles the effect of 10-2 M
      glutathione, which is also known to block cell-mediated eclipse of poliovirus.

PMID- 167118
TI  - A genetic recombination map of foot-and-mouth disease virus.
AB  - Sixty ts mutants were isolated from the Pacheco strain of type O foot-and-mouth
      disease virus after treatment with either 5-fluorouracil or hydroxylamine. The
      conditions affecting recombination and assay of the ts+ recombinants were
      standardized. Using two ts mutants resistant to guanidine, three-factor crosses,
      supported by two-factor crosses, located 34 of the mutations in a linear
      arrangement. The recombination frequencies between certain pairs of mutations
      were additive. The guanidine character of the two resistant mutants mapped as a
      single site mutation and was located near the middle of the map.

PMID- 167119
TI  - Chromatographic studies on picornavirus capsid polypeptides.
AB  - The polypeptides of encephalomyocarditis, Mouse-Elberfeld and type 5 rhinoviruses
      behave similarly when chromatographed on calcium phosphate (brushite), each being
      eluted by a linear phosphate buffer gradient containing sodium dodecyl sulphate
      in three major peaks, CI, C2 and C3. Analysis of the peaks by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis suggests that the major capsid polypeptides of these three
      picornaviruses elute in the order: delta (peak CI), gamma with (peak C2) and
      alpha (peak C3).

PMID- 167120
TI  - Efficacy of exogenous interferon treatment initiated after onset of
      multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus in the brains of mice.
AB  - Initiation of treatment with potent interferon preparations (6-4 x 10-6 units per
      dose) 4 days after intranasal inoculation of VSV (at a time when virus has
      already multiplied in the brains of most mice) resulted in a marked increase in
      mouse survival. In a series of 6 experiments only 11 to 18% of control mice
      survived whereas 52% of interferon treated mice survival. These results suggest
      the usefulness of exogenous interferon even when treatment is begun late in the
      course of an acute virus disease.

PMID- 167121
TI  - The lact of antiviral effect of (polyinosinic acid): (polycytidylic acid) when
      attached to insoluble supports.
AB  - A local antiviral effect can be observed when (poly rI)-(poly rC), bound to
      Visking discs by u.v. irradiation, is incubated with monolayers of human foreskin
      fibroblast cells. Radioactive labelling of cytosine residues in (poly rI)-(poly
      rC) with -125I, has provided a much more sensitive method for determining the
      fate of the insoluble (poly rI)-(poly rC) than has been available hitherto. The
      antiviral effect is not related to the amount of (poly rI)-(POLY RC) present on
      the insoluble support but rather to the amount of polynucleotide lost from the
      support during incubation. Treatment of (poly rI)-(poly rC) which had been bound
      to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose with eigher dilute alkali or pancreatic
      ribonuclease released virtually all the polynucleotide. A small amount of (poly
      rI)-(poly rC) is released from the insoluble matrix in the presence of serum-free
      Minimum Eagle's Medium.

PMID- 167122
TI  - The convulsant action of methyldithiocarbazinate: a comparison with other sulphur
      containing hydrazides.

PMID- 167123
TI  - Respiration in immature rat brain mitochondria.

PMID- 167124
TI  - Characteristics of serotonin-acetyl coenzyme A N-acetyltransferase in pineal
      gland of rat.

PMID- 167125
TI  - Neuronal and glial systems for gamma-aminobutyric acid transport.

PMID- 167126
TI  - High affinity uptake of L-Glutamine in rat brain slices.

PMID- 167127
TI  - Control of the redox state of the pyridine nucleotides in the rat cerebral
      cortex. Effect of electroshock-induced seizures.

PMID- 167128
TI  - Effects of different dietary levels of essential fatty acids on the fatty acid
      composition of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides in nyelin and synaptosoma plasma
      membranes.

PMID- 167129
TI  - Fluorometric assay of 2', 3' -cyclic adenosine monophosphate 3' -phosphohydrolase
      with 1,N-6 -etheno-2- aza-adensoine 2', 3' -monophosphate-1.

PMID- 167130
TI  - Degeneration of muscle in association with carcinoma of the bronchus.
AB  - The clinical features and necropsy findings are described in three cases in which
      severe and rapidly progressive muscle weakness developed in association with
      carcinoma of the bronchus. In all three cases, muscular weakness was directly
      responsible for death. Histological and ultramicroscopical examination in all
      cases showed an unusual type of degeneration of muscle fibres accompanied by
      degeneration of intramuscular nerve fibres, but without involvement of the
      central nervous system, or of the peripheral nerve trunks. The findings are
      compared with those of previously reported cases, and possible mechanisms for the
      muscle degeneration are discussed.

PMID- 167131
TI  - Intranuclear "paramyxovirus-like" material in multiple sclerosis, adreno
      leukodystrophy and Kuf's disease.
AB  - Detailed comparative ultrastructural examination of multiple sclerosis (MS)
      plaques, inflammatory CNS lesions from adreno-leukodystrophy(A-LD), tissue from a
      case of chronic granulomatous meningitis, biopsy samples of necrotic cerebral
      cortex and CNS tissue from a case of Kuf's disease (adult-type ceroid
      lipofuscinosis), has revealed that the intranuclear filamentous material
      previously thought to be related to a viral infection in MS is a non-specific
      finding. These intranuclear strands were, however, found in greatest frequency in
      the acute lesions of MS and were absent from chronically demyelinated areas. The
      macrophages, lymphocytes and fibrocytes containing filamentous material in the
      nuclei were mainly perivascular. In A-LD, some macrophages in active lesions
      contained similar nuclei, and in Kuf's disease they were present in some glial
      cells in the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 167132
TI  - Cerebral sponginess and GM3 gangliosidosis; ultrastructure and probable
      pathogenesis.
AB  - Extensive multifocal vacuolation of the cerebral hemispheres, brain stem,
      cerebellum, optic nerves and spinal cord were demonstrated in a 3 1/2 month-old
      infant. This co-existed with marked increases in cerebral and hepatic ganglioside
      GM3 (hematoside), absence of its higher homologues (GM1 and GM2) and absence of
      tissue N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase. Ultrastructurally, there are major
      abnormalities in myelin and astroglia. The absence of identifiable "storage"
      material is believed to correlate with an enzymatic defect involved in
      ganglioside anabolism. A familial occurrence of this disorder is strongly
      suggested by the clinical history.

PMID- 167133
TI  - Gemistocytic astrocytes in gliomas. An autoradiographic study.
AB  - Tritiated thymidine (3-H-T) was administered intravenously to seven patients with
      cerebral gliomas. Autoradiographs of biopsy specimens excised within the next
      four hours and of autopsy specimens from three of these patients obtained three
      weeks to six months after the single pulse of 3-H-T revealed the following: (a)
      no gemistocytic astrocytes and only a few giant astrocytes were labeled in biopsy
      specimens, despite a high overall labeling index of 5-10% (percentage of cells
      labeled in the total cell population); and (b) scattered foci of labeled
      genistocytes occurred in autopsy specimens, despite a sharp drop in overall
      labeling index. In histologic sections of these same specimens, genistocytes and
      giant cells occurred as the major cell types in an irradiated tumor, in large
      clusters near foci of degeneration, and as isolated cells in anaplastic foci.
      These findings suggest that: 1) gemistocytes and giant astrocytes are similar in
      origin and growth potential regardless of minor variations in morphology; 2)
      these cells multiply slowly, if at all, and are closely related to regressive
      changes within the tumor; 3) these cells may reflect profound proliferative
      activity in adjacent neoplastic cells; and 4) the labeling index and malignant
      potential of the tumor as a whole depend upon the more rapidly dividing tumor
      elements. Thus, if genistocytes and giant cells indicate malignancy, they do so
      secondarily, and the biologically harmless gemistocyte may be the loser in an
      intense competition for the substrates needed in cell proliferation.

PMID- 167134
TI  - The third circulation revisited.
AB  - The author reviews modern information concerning the formation, flow and
      functions of the cerebrospinal fluid. Particular attention is given to the
      lymphatic-like features of the third circulation and to its importance as an
      internal milieu for nervous tissue.

PMID- 167135
TI  - Continuous intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid pressure recording in
      hydrocephalic children during wakefulness and sleep.
AB  - Continuous 24-hour recordings of intracranial pressure and
      electroencephalographic activity were made on five hydrocephalic children in
      whom, in the resting wakefulness state, the intracranial pressure (ICP) was
      considered normal. An increase in both the mean ICP and its oscillations related
      to cardiac systole was recorded during slow-wave sleep. Further episodic
      increases, up to a factor of 7 compared to wakefulness values, occurred during
      sleep. In three patients it was possible to correlate such episodic increases to
      the rapid eye movement phases of sleep. The authors discuss these phenomena and
      their possible implication in the progression of hydrocephalus.

PMID- 167136
TI  - Radiation of infratentorial and supratentorial brain-stem tumors.
AB  - A retrospective survey of 41 patients with unbiopsied thalamic, pontine, and
      medullary tumors treated with radiation therapy demonstrated 30% to 40% 3-year
      survival, with seven long-term survivors. Eleven of the 12 patients surviving
      over 3 years have essentially normal neurological function. Of seven patients in
      whom histological diagnoses were eventually obtained, four proved to have
      glioblastomas and three low-grade astrocytomas. Autopsy revealed that all
      glioblastomatous tumors extended beyond the treatment field; this suggested that
      larger volumes, perhaps the whole brain, should be irradiated. High doses (at
      least 5000 rads) should be used since the 3-year survival among those receiving
      such doses was 45%.

PMID- 167137
TI  - Effect of dietary fat and sucrose on the activities of several rat hepatic
      enzymes and their diurnal response to a meal.
AB  - Regulation of the cytoplasmic enzymes, pyruvate kinase (PK), glucokinase (GK),
      phosphoenolpy ruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDP), ATP
      citrate-lyase (ATP-CL), NAD-malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MD), NADP-malate
      dehydrogenase (NADP-MD), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G6PD), and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), in rat liver
      by dietary fat (F diet) and dietary sucrose (S diet) was investigated.
      Mealfeeding the S diet to adult rats for 5 and 9 months resulted in a diurnal
      dietary response (i.e., food response) variation of FDP, GK, ATP-CL, 6PGD, and
      PK, while meal-feeding the S diet to young rats resulted in diurnal dietary
      response variation of ATP-CL, G6PD, NADP-MD, 6PGD, GPT, and PK. Meal-feeding the
      fat diet results in essentially no diurnal variation in enzyme activity. The
      overall effect of meal-feeding, as compared with ad libitum feeding, of the S
      diet was to increase the levels of G6PD, ATP-CL, and NADP-MD and to decrease the
      level of PEck in the meal-fed rats. Young rats meal-fed the two diets have higher
      enzyme activities than meal-fed adult rats for the observed enzymes (except for
      GPT and NAD-MD). In general, hepatic levels of the enzymes studied are low in the
      F diet-fed animals and markedly higher for the S diet-fed animals. These results
      suggest that dietary carbohydrate specifically induces those enzymes involved in
      carbohydrate metabolism, whereas dietary fat does not affect their levels. On the
      basis of prior evidence for an early requirement of RNA synthesis for sucrose
      induction of G6PD, this widespread induction of liver enzymes by carbohydrate
      must indicate either increased synthesis of ribosomal RNA with later regulation
      of synthesis specifically of these enzymes or increased synthesis of a rather
      large group of specific messenger RNAs i.e., coordinate genetic control of a
      number of these enzyme messenger RNAs.

PMID- 167138
TI  - Ultrastructure of gastointestinal smooth muscle in ducks with a vitamin E
      selenium deficiency.
AB  - The earliest ultrastructural lesions involving smooth muscle of duck duodenum and
      gizzard produced by a vitamin E-selenium deficiency were a degereration of
      sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Lysosomes were not observed during these
      earliest alterations of deficient smooth muscle. Lipid droplets and mineral
      deposits were present in more severely degernerating smooth muscle that was being
      infiltrated by heterophils. In areas of necrotic smooth muscle, myoblasts were
      forming while macrophages, fibroblasts, and an occasional syncytial giant cell
      contained lipid droplets and surrounded coalesced mineral crystals. Endothelial
      cells of capillaries and stromal connective tissue were less severely affected
      with lesions developing after the earliest signs of smooth muscle degeneration.
      Neuroaxonal degeneration of nonmyelinated nerve fibers was not observed until
      after most of the smooth muscle had undergone either degeneration or necrosis. A
      possible explanation for the pathogenesis of the smooth muscle necrosis is
      discussed in light of the ultrastructural findings.

PMID- 167139
TI  - Vitamin D resistant rickets of a young adult patient. A review and case report.

PMID- 167140
TI  - Fibrous histiocytoma of the lip: report of a case.

PMID- 167141
TI  - The muscular activity of the chewing apparatus during night sleep. An examination
      of healthy subjects and patients with functional disturbances.

PMID- 167143
TI  - Granular cell myoblastoma of the hard palate: report of case.

PMID- 167142
TI  - Histochemical studies of myxoma of the jaws.

PMID- 167144
TI  - Capsular and vascular invasion: important prognostic factors in Wilms' tumor.
AB  - The influence of capsular and vascular invasion on prognosis was determined
      retrospectively in 52 children with Wilms' tumor. Local recurrence was more
      prevalent (0.26) in patients with rupture or capsular invasion than in any other
      group. Inadequate postnephrectomy irradiation or infiltration of the liver by
      nephroblastoma cells appeared to be predisposing factors in the development of
      these reccurrences. Of the 26 patients with gross or microscopic vascular
      invasion, 13 developed metastasis. This proportion was significantly higher than
      in patients without vascular involvement (p less than 0.05). These observations
      emphasize the importance of microscopic detection of capsular and vascular
      invasion in staging of Wilm's tumor.

PMID- 167145
TI  - Ovarian cysts and timors in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 167146
TI  - Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents I.

PMID- 167147
TI  - Substituted thiazolidones: selective inhibition of nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide-dependent oxidations and evaluation of their CNS activity.
AB  - Eight 2-arylimino-3-(3-N-morpholinopropyl) thiazolid-4-ones were synthesized from
      the corresponding 1-aryl-3-(3-N-morpholinopropyl) thiocarbamides, characterized,
      and tested for their effects on the cellular respiratory activity of rat brain
      homogenates. All substituted 4-thiazolidones selectively inhibited nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidations of pyruvate, citrate, DL
      isocitrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, L-glutamate, and
      NADH, while the NAD-independent oxidation of succinate remained unaltered. All
      thiazolidones possessed some degree of anticonvulsant activity against
      pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions, and the protection afforded by these
      compounds at a dose of 100 mg/kg ranged from 30 to 80%. The low toxicity
      possessed by most of these thiazolidones was reflected by their approximate LD-50
      values from 300 mg/kg to greater than 1000 mg/kg. In the present study, the
      anticonvulsant activity possessed by these substituted 4-thiazolidones was
      unrelated to their ability to inhibit selectively the NAD-dependent oxidations by
      rat brain homogenates. These thiazolidones exhibited depression of the CNS
      activity which, in some cases, was associated with the increase in respiration.
      All thiazolidones potentiated pentobarbital (sodium) sleeping time in mice when
      administered in a dose of 100 mg/kg.

PMID- 167148
TI  - Effects of verapamil on myocardial contractility, cardiac adenosine 3,'5'
      monophosphate and heart phosphorylase.
AB  - The effects of verapamil on myocardial isometric force on contraction, cardiac
      adenosine 3,'5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and heart phosphorylase alpha activity
      were studied in the isolated perfused rat heart. When hearts were perfused with
      verapamil (5.98 times 10- minus 8 M), force of contraction was reduced
      approximately 50% within 4 to 5 minutes; at this point, the concentration of
      cyclic AMP was significantly lower than control but phosphorylase alpha activity
      was unchanged. In hearts perfused continuously for 60 minutes with verapamil,
      force of contraction and cyclic AMP levels returned to normal within 20 minutes
      after administration of verapamil was begun. Isoproterenol (0.355 nmol/min)
      reversed the depressant effect of verapamil on cardiac contractility and restored
      heart cyclic AMP levels to normal. Methoxamine (35.5 nmol/min) given to verapamil
      depressed hearts, caused contractile force to return to normal, but cardiac
      cyclic AMP levels remained low. Mephentermine (23.0 nmol/min) had no effect on
      cardiac contraction, cyclic AMP or phosphorylase alpha activity in hearts
      depressed by verapamil. It was concluded that with the concentration of verapamil
      used in these experiments, the drug caused a transient decrease in force of
      contraction and myocardial cyclic AMP. Both the depression in myocardial
      contractility and in cardiac cyclic AMP caused by verapamil were reversed
      promptly by isoproterenol, whereas methoxamine overcame acutely only the negative
      inotropic effect of verapamil. Mephentermine had no effect on hearts depressed by
      verapamil.

PMID- 167149
TI  - Dose-response relationships for arginine vasopressin and synthetic analogs on
      three types of rat blood vessels: possible evidence for regional differences in
      vasopressin receptor sites within a mammal.
AB  - These experiments were undertaken to determine the comparative relationships
      between chemical structure and biologic (contractile) activity of a series of
      vasopressin hormone analogs on different rat blood vessels (e.g., aorta,
      mesenteric arteriole and mesenteric venule). The functional contributions to, and
      interactions with, phenolic hydroxyl and aromatic groups as well as basicity in
      positions 2, 3 and 8, respectively, to or with hormone-receptor affinity and
      intrinsic (contractile) activity, were determined by analyzing the dose-response
      curves of five vasopressin peptides lacking one or more of these functional
      groups. The findings demonstrate that: 1) the structure-action relationships for
      vasopressin peptide-induced contractions on rat blood vessels vary with the
      particular type of macro- or microvessel (i.e., aorta, arteriole and venule); 2)
      the phenolic and aromatic groups in positions 2 and 3, respectively, are not only
      important for hormone-receptor affinity but intrinsic activity as well; 3) the
      potency (EC50) values for arginine vasopressin as well as the potencies and
      intrinsic activities of synthetic vasopressin analogs varied between the three
      different types of rat blood vessels examined; and 4) circulating levels (i.e.,
      10- minus 11- minus 10- minus 12 M) of [8-arginine]-vasopressin are capable of
      inducing contractile effects on mesenteric arterioles and venules. The
      quantitative data obtained in this study support the notion that a heterogeneity
      of the receptor, which subserves contraction, probably exists in blood vessels
      within and between vascular beds of a single mammalian species.

PMID- 167150
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic regulation of cyclic guanosine 3,5-monophosphate in
      autonomic ganglia: possible role in synaptic transmission.
AB  - The effects of acetylcholine, and of agents which selectively mimic or block its
      nicotinic and muscarinic actions, have been studied on the levels of guanosine
      3,5-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in
      slices of bovine superior cervical ganglion. Low doses of either acetylcholine or
      the muscarinic agonist, bethanechol, caused a substantial increase in the level
      of cyclic GMP, and slightly increased the level of cyclic AMP; the acetylcholine-
      and the bethanechol-induced increases in cyclic GMP were blocked by atropine, the
      muscarinic antagonist, but not by hexamethonium, the nicotinic antagonist. The
      nicotinic agonist N,N-dimethylphenylpiperazinium did not alter the level of
      either of the cyclic nucleotides. Dopamine increased the level of cyclic AMP and
      acetylcholine partially prevented this dopamine-induced increase in cyclic AMP.
      The data are consistent with a model for the ganglion in which muscarinic
      cholinergic synaptic transmission is mediated by an increase in the level of
      cyclic GMP in the postganglionic neurons and dopaminergic transmission by an
      increase in the level of cyclic AMP in these neurons.

PMID- 167151
TI  - Effects of pharmacologic agents on release of lysosomal enzymes from alveolar
      mononuclear cells.
AB  - Several pharmacologic agents were tested for inhibition of phagocyte-induced
      release of lysosomal enzymes from guinea-pig alveolar mononuclear cells and
      peritoneal leukocytes. The activities of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase
      and the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase were determined in the cells and
      media following a 2-hour incubation period of cells and zymosan particles.
      Adrenergic and cholinergic agents, the 3,'5'-adenosine and guanosine cyclic
      nucleotides, and theophylline had no effect on phagocytosis or release of beta
      glucuronidase or lactate dehydrogenase from alveolar cells. Cytochalasin B
      stimulated lysosomal but not cytoplasmic enzyme release from these cells in the
      absence of zymosan. Colchicine and hydrocortisone inhibited phagocytosis and beta
      glucuronidase extrusion, and phenylbutazone inhibited only beta-glucuronidase
      release. Colchicine and phenylbutazone also inhibited enzyme release stimulated
      by cytochalasin B indicating that they were affecting postphagocytic events. The
      cyclic nucleotides and theophylline were without effect on the peritoneal
      leukocytes; dexamethasone and phenylbutazone inhibited enzyme release with only
      the former antagonizing phagocytosis.

PMID- 167153
TI  - Studies on enzyme secretion and cyclic AMP in the submaxillary gland and
      pancreas.

PMID- 167152
TI  - Factors affecting the time course of decay of end-plate currents: a possible
      cooperative action of acetylcholine on receptors at the frog neuromuscular
      junction.
AB  - 1. End-plate currents have been studied in gylcerol-treated frog sartorius nerve
      muscle preparations with the voltage-clamp technique. 2. Adding the
      anticholinesterase prostigmine (3 muM) to the solution bathing the muscle caused
      a 2-7 (mean 3-3) times increase in the time constant of decay of end-plate
      currents. The anticholinesterase edrophonium (15 muM) also prolonged the time
      course of end-plate currents. 3. Pre-treatment of the preparation with
      collagenase, which leads to the removal of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic
      cleft, prolongs the time course of end-plate currents. 4. Curare (1-2 muM),
      cobratoxin (0-13 muM), or alpha-bungarotoxin (0-13-0-26 muM) decreased the time
      constant of decay of end-plate currents in the presence of prostigmine. 5. These
      observations are consistant with the suggestion that repeated binding of
      acetylcholine (ACh) molecules to receptors as the ACh escapes from the synaptic
      cleft can contribute to the prolongation of end-plate currents which occurrs when
      acetylcholinesterase activity is eliminated. 6. Increasing the amount of
      transmitter released from the presynaptic nerve terminal leads to a prolongation
      of end-plate currents in the presence of prostigmine. 7. In the presence of
      prostigmine, the second of two end-plate currents (interval 2-10 msec) decays
      more slowly than the first. 8. ACh (1-40 muM) or carbachol (40 muM) applied in
      the solution bathing the muscle prolongs end-plate currents in the presence of
      prostigmine. 9. It is suggested on the basis of the observations described in
      paragraphs 6 to 8 that the time constant of decay of end-plate currents in the
      presence of prostigmine increases with increasing concentrations of ACh in the
      synaptic cleft. In the absence of prostigmine, increasing the concentration of
      ACh in the synaptic cleft did not change the time constant for decay of end-plate
      currents. 10. We interpret these results to suggest that ACh can have a
      cooperative action on receptors such that the association of ACh with one
      receptor (defined as binding a single ACh molecule) favours the binding or
      retention of ACh at other receptors. This implies that receptors can interact.

PMID- 167154
TI  - Transmitter enzymes and amino acid levels in sensory and motor nerves of the
      shore crab.

PMID- 167155
TI  - Plasma adrenocorticotrophin concentration during induction of parturition by the
      intravascular infusion of physiological amounts of cortisol into the sheep
      foetus.

PMID- 167156
TI  - Studies on convulsants in the isolated frog spinal cord. II. Effects on root
      potentials.
AB  - 1. In the isolated frog spinal cord picrotoxin, bicuculline, and strychnine were
      evaluated for their effects on synaptically induced root potentials recorded by
      the sucrose gap technique. 2. Picrotoxin (greater than 10- minus 4 M) completely
      blocked the dorsal root potential (DRP) elicited by stimulating the ventral root
      of the same segment (VR-DRP). Although picrotoxin antagonized the DRP elicited by
      stimulation of either an adjacent dorsal root (DR-DRP) or the lateral column (LC
      DRP), a slower component to these  potentials appeared and increased in size as
      the concentration of picrotoxin was increased. Thus picrotoxin brings out a
      later, picrotoxin resistant component to the DR-DRP and LC-DRP. 3. Strychnine (10
      minus 8-10- minus 5 M) reduced and abolished the VR-DRP without prolongation and
      progressively increased and prolonged the DR-DRP (and LC-DRP) and the DR-VRP.
      Strychnine in higher concentrations (greater than 10- minus 4 M) also reduced the
      amplitude and prolonged the duration of the compound action potential of afferent
      fibres. 4. These results combined with those presented in the preceding paper
      (Barker, Nicoll & Padjen, 1975) suggest that (1) a GABA-like transmitter mediates
      the final step in the DR-DRP and LC-DRP pathways and that (2) either taurine or
      beta-alanine may mediate the last step in the VR-DRP pathway.

PMID- 167157
TI  - The sensitivity of adrenal responses to synthetic adrenocorticotrophin in the
      conscious unrestrained calf.
AB  - 1. Changes in cortisol and corticosterone output and blood flow from the adrenal
      gland have been determined in the conscious unrestrained calf during I.V.
      infusions of synthetic adrenocorticotrophin (Synacthen) at 0-5 ng-kg(-1) min-
      minus 1 (low dose), 5 ng-kg- minus 1 (medium dose), 50 ng-kg- minus 1 min- minus
      1 (high dose) and 500 ng-kg- minus 1 min- minus 1 (medium dose), 50 ng-kg- minus
      1 min- minus 1 (high dose) and 500 ng-kg- minus 1 min- minus 1(very high dose).
      2. Infusions at the low dose produced a rise in adrenal output of both cortisol
      and corticosterone to maximum values of approximately 100 and 30 ng-kg- minus 1
      min- minus 1 respectively. Mean output of both steroids was significantly
      increased within 5 min, reached a maximum within 10 min and had fallen to resting
      levels 10 min after the infusion was discontinued. 3. The effects of infusions at
      both the high and very high doses were closely similar; maximal cortisol outputs
      were within the range 600-800 ng-kg- minus 1 min- minus 1 and corticosterone 350
      500 ng-kg- minus 1 min- minus 1 in both groups. 4. When the infusions were
      terminated, pronounced differences were observed in the rates at which steroid
      outputs declined. Basal levels were restored within 10 min following the low dose
      and within 60 min in medium dose animals, but both cortisol and corticosterone
      output were still elevated 2 hr after infusion in high dose animals. In calves
      infused at the very high dose, cortisol output did not fall significantly during
      2 hr period. The ratio of cortisol: corticosterone released from the adrenal
      gland immediately before infusion (3-2 +/- 0-3) approximated to the proportions
      in which the two steroids were found in the arterial plasma, but fell
      progressively to a minimum (1-3 +/- 0-1) with increasing doses of Synacthen.
      Conversely, the ratio of the steroids in the arterial plasma was increased during
      infusions at the low dose, but not at the higher doses. 6. No significant change
      in adrenal blood flow occurred during Synacthen infusion in low dose animals
      despite the increase in steroid output. In medium dose animals blood flow through
      the gland rose during infusion by approximately 75 per cent while in both high
      and very high dose animals the flow increased by up to 300 percent. 7. In the
      three groups in which adrenal hyperaemia occurred, blood flow had fallen to
      within the resting range 45 min after infusion: in each case this fall was much
      more rapid than the fall in steroid output. No significant increase in aortic
      blood pressure or heart rate accompanied infusion of Synacthen, indicating that
      adrenal hyperaemia was dependent upon vasodilatation with the gland. 8.
      Administration of cycloheximide (10 mg/kg) by I.V. injection either before or
      during an infusion of Synacthen, inhibited steroidogenesis without affecting the
      vasodilator response.

PMID- 167159
TI  - Responses of identified cerebral cortical neurones to cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP.

PMID- 167158
TI  - Two populations or granular vesicles in constricted post-ganglionic sympathetic
      nerves.
AB  - 1. A comparative study has been made of the effects of different fixatives on the
      ultrastructural appearance of granular vesicles accumulated against a
      constriction in cat hypogastric nerves. 2. After fixation in either osmium
      tetroxide or in glutaraldehyde followed by post-osmication accumulations of large
      granular vesicles (65-90 nm in diameter) were observed in profiles of swollen
      axons. 3. Fixation in acrolein and sodium dichromate revealed a second population
      of small granular vesicles (mostly 30-50 nm in diameter) in addition to the large
      vesicles seen after the other fixatives. 4. In reserpinized cats the small
      granular vesicles were absent. The large granular vesicles were much less
      numerous, irrespective of the fixative used. 5. It is suggested that either the
      small vesicles occur in normal noradrenergic axons but are only revealed by
      catecholamine-sensitive fixatives or they occur as a result of constricting the
      nerve trunk. Evidence for and against these possibilities is discussed.

PMID- 167160
TI  - Relation between blood levels of ACTH and duration of human labour.

PMID- 167161
TI  - Preservation of early discharge of muscle afferents in acrylamide neuropathy.
AB  - 1. Responses to stretch and the 'early discharge' have been studied in acrylamide
      neuropathy in the expectation that functional block of the nerve terminals would
      allow these two processes to be dissociated. 2. Of 538 single group I and group
      II muscle afferents which were nonresponsive to stretch, ninety-nine displayed
      'early discharge' which appeared to be identical with that described in normally
      functioning muscle stretch afferents. 3. Preservation of 'early discharge' in non
      responsive fibres indicates these impulses do not arise from excitation of the
      muscle spindle itself. The evidence indicates that 'early discharge' is usually
      ephaptically excited by the muscle action potential.

PMID- 167163
TI  - The role of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the catecholamine
      induced growth of rat salivary glands.

PMID- 167164
TI  - Fringe medicine.

PMID- 167166
TI  - Proceedings: Observations on the nature of EB-virus infection of peripheral
      lymphoid cells in infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 167165
TI  - Proceedings: Rhinovirus contamination of the hands.

PMID- 167162
TI  - Inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission in isolated veins of the dog by
      potassium ions.
AB  - 1. In the intact organism, an increase in K+ concentration decreases the
      reactivity of blood vessels to sympathetic stimulation. The present experiments
      were designed to determine whether or not K+ interferes with adrenergic
      neurotransmission. 2. Helical strips cut from dogs' saphenous veins were
      incubated (4 hr) in Krebs-Ringer solution containing [7-3H]norepinephrine (5
      times 10(-8) g/ml). The preparations were mounted for superfusion and isometric
      tension recording; the superfusate was collected for estimation of total
      radioactivity and for chromatographic separation of 3H-labelled norepinephrine
      and metabolites. 3. Supramaximal electric stimulation (5 Hz, 9 V, 2 msec)
      increased the tension and the [3H]norepinephrine efflux. Increasing the K+
      concentration from 5-9 to 1, 15, and 20 m-equiv/l. caused a progressive
      depression of these contractions and diminished the total 3H efflux in proportion
      to the relaxation; the decrease in 3H efflux reflected a decrease in intact
      [3H]norepinephrine. The same increase in K+ concentration did not alter basal
      tension or basal 3H efflux. 4. Addition of tyramine (4 times 10(-6) g/ml. min) to
      the superfusate augmented both the tension and the efflux, but these actions were
      not depresesd by increasing the K+ concentration. 5. Cocaine, phentolamine, and
      phenoxybenzamine did not prevent the depression by K+ of the response to electric
      stimulation. 6. These experiments show that K+ causes relaxation of venous smooth
      muscle constricted by sympathetic stimulation and does so by inhibiting the
      release of norepinephrine from nerve endings. By contrast, K+ does not inhibit
      norepinephrine release in response to tyramine. 7. During submaximal electric
      stimulation (5 Hz, 1-8--3 V, 2 msec), increasing the K+ concentration from 5-9 to
      10 and 15 m-equiv/l. potentiated the contractions and increased the
      [3H]norepinephrine efflux; at 20 m-equil/l, K+ caused transient increases in
      tension and 3H efflux followed by relaxation and decreased norepinephrine
      release. After addition of cocaine (10(-5) g/ml. min), K+ only caused relaxation
      and decrease in 3H efflux, showing that, in addition to inhibition of
      norepinephrine release, K+ also inhibits the reuptake process. 8. In higher
      concentrations (40 m-equil/l.), K+ caused both a liberation of norepinephrine and
      a direct activation of the smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 167167
TI  - Proceedings: Cyotgenetic differences between burkitt lymphoma and other ebv
      related human lymphoblastoid-cell lines.

PMID- 167168
TI  - Proceedings: Selection of an EBNA-positive variant from an EBNA-negative human
      lymphoblastoid-cell line without detectable EBV DNA.

PMID- 167169
TI  - The production of neuraminidase by food poisoning strains of Clostridium welchii
      (C. perfringens).
AB  - The production of neuraminidase by a classical strain of Clostridium welchii (C.
      perfringens) type A was studied. Good yields were produced in 5% Proteose Peptone
      water medium (PPW5); the enzyme was essentially extracellular but some further
      neuraminidase could be released by ultrasonic disintegration of the cells. This
      also released N-acyl neuraminic acid-aldolase (NAN-aldolase) and the degree to
      which this interferes with the assay for neuraminidase was evaluated. Forty-one
      British reference food-poisoning strains of C. welchii type A were examined for
      extracellular neuraminidase production in PPW5. Twelve of 17 strains that produce
      so-called heat-sensitive spores were neuraminidase positive whereas 20 of 24
      strains that are non-haemolytic and produce very heat-resistant sporeswere
      neuraminidase negative. Variation was found in the ability to produce
      neuraminidase among strains of a single Hobbs' serotype; four Hobbs' type-13
      strains produced neuraminidase but a fifth did not. Disruption of the cells of a
      Hobbs' type-2 strain that did not produce any extracellular neuraminidase
      released NAN-aldolase but there was no evidence of cell-associated neuraminidase.
      British food-poisoning strains of C. welchii type A thus include some that are
      clearly neuraminidase positive and some that still cannot be shown to produce
      neuraminidase. There is no correlation between lack of neuraminidase production
      and the ability to cause food poisoning, although the majority of non-haemolytic
      heat-resistant strains do not produce neuraminidase. It remains possible that
      neuraminidase may play a part in C. welchii gas gangrene; it is suggested that
      the ability to define neuraminidase-negative strains may now be of value in
      investigating this possibility.

PMID- 167171
TI  - Regulation of 3',5'-cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in the plasma membrane of
      cod (Gadus callarius) and mouse islets.

PMID- 167170
TI  - Induction of mutation in Staphylococcus aureus by ethylmethane sulphonate.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus strains were treated with ethylmethane sulphonate with the
      object of obtaining mutants that differed from the wild type in one of the
      properties that might contribute to virulence. Mutants with isolated loss or
      deficient production of gamma-haemolysin, coagulase, leucocidin and
      staphylokinase were obtained. Changes in more than one property were often
      observed. The loss of delta-lysin production was always coupled with an
      appreciable reduction in P-V leucocidin production. With that exception,
      systematised combined loss of a restricted number of staphylococcal
      characteristics was not observed. Mutants that had lost all characteristics of S.
      aureus were phage-resistant. Isolated loss of staphylokinase production and
      deficient P-V leucocidin production were found to be due to the independent loss
      of two prophages.

PMID- 167172
TI  - The membrane action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on toad urinary bladder.
AB  - Radioactive tracer and electrical techniques were used to study the transport of
      nonelectrolytes and sodium, respectively, across toad urinary bladders in the
      presence and absence of ADH. The permeability of lipophilic molecules was roughly
      proportional to bulk phase oil/water partition coefficients both in the presence
      and absence of hormone; i.e., ADH elicited a general nonselective increase in the
      permeation of all nine solutes tested. The branched nonelectrolyte,
      isobutyramide, was less permeable than its straight-chain isomer, n-butyramide,
      in control tissues. ADH reduced the discrimination between these structural
      isomers. Hydrophilic solutes permeated more rapidly than expected. In the
      presence of hormone, there was no change in the permeation of large hydrophilic
      solutes considered to move via an extracellular pathway, but there was a marked
      increase in the permeability of water and other small hydrophilic solutes.
      Collectively, these results suggest that ADH acts to increase the motional
      freedom or fluidity of lipids in the cell membrane which is considered to be the
      preferred pathway for the permeation of lipophilic and small hydrophilic
      molecules. At concentrations of cAMP and ADH which elicit equivalent increments
      in the shortcircuit current, the effects of these agents on nonelectrolyte
      transport and membrane electrical conductance are divergent. Such observations
      suggest that some membrane effects of ADH may not be directly dependent upon
      cAMP. ADH in the mucosal solution increased the permeability of the toad bladder
      when the surface charge on the outer surface of the apical membrane was screened
      with the polyvalent cation, La-3+. These experiments emphasize that interaction
      of ADH with membranes of toad urinary bladder may account for at least some
      effects of this hormone.

PMID- 167173
TI  - Pseudoconservative transition: a two-state model for the co-operative behavior of
      oligomeric proteins.

PMID- 167174
TI  - Isolation of specific ribosome binding sites from single-stranded DNA.

PMID- 167175
TI  - Buoyant density sedimentation of macromolecules in sodium iothalamate density
      gradients.

PMID- 167176
TI  - Sequence studies of poliovirus RNA. III. Polyuridylic acid and polyadenylic acid
      as components of the purified poliovirus replicative intermediate.

PMID- 167177
TI  - The amino acid activation reaction catalyzed by methionyl-transfer rna
      synthetase: evidence for synergistic coupling between the sites for methionine
      adenosine and pyrophosphate.

PMID- 167178
TI  - An electron microscopic method for studying and mapping the region of weak
      sequence homology between simian virus 40 and polyoma DNAs.

PMID- 167179
TI  - Transcription of simian virus 40 DNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase:
      synthesis of a DNA-RNA hybrid and discrete RNAs under restrictive transcription
      conditions.

PMID- 167180
TI  - Prostaglandins and the heart.

PMID- 167181
TI  - Myocardial adenylate cyclase: studies on the relationship of activity to purity
      of sarcolemmal preparation.

PMID- 167182
TI  - Assay for Epstein-Barr virus based on stimulation of DNA synthesis in mixed
      leukocytes from human umbilical cord blood.
AB  - Relationships between the rate of DNA synthesis in cultured human umbilical cord
      leukocytes and the multiplicity of added Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were studied.
      At low multiplicities of approximately 0.1 transforming units/cell (approximately
      10 physical particles/cell), inoculated cultures demonstrated increased rates of
      DNA synthesis, by comparison to uninoculated cultures, 3 days after inoculation.
      Stimulation of DNA synthesis was evident of progressively longer intervals after
      inoculations of 10-fold dilutions of virus. The rate of DNA synthesis, determined
      by short [-3H]thymidine pulses, reflected as small as twofold changes in
      multiplicity and thus can serve as a quantitative assay for the virus. Changes in
      the rate of DNA synthesis were evident before increases in cell number or
      alteration in morphology. Stimulation of DNA synthesis in umbilical cord
      leukocytes was inhibited by treatment of EBV with antibody and also in graded
      fashion, by progressive doses of UV irradiation to the virus. Induction of DNA
      synthesis by EBV was serum dependent. Estimates of the number of cells
      transformed were obtained by extrapolation from a standard curve relating known
      numbers of transformed cells to [-3H]thymidine incorporation and also by cloning
      cells after exposure to virus. At the low multiplicities of infection used in
      these experiments approximately 0.04 to 0.002 of the total cellular population
      was transformed. The high efficiency of cell transformation by EBV by comparison
      to other DNA tumor viruses is emphasized.

PMID- 167183
TI  - Evidence for the existence of protomers in the assembly of encephalomyocarditis
      virus.
AB  - Two capsid precursor subunits, which sediment on glycerol gradients at 13S and
      14S, respectively, have been identified in cytoplasmic extracts of
      encephalomyocarditis virus-infected HeLa cells. The 13S subunit, which was
      detected after a 10-min pulse label with -3H-labeled amino acids, contained only
      capsid precursor chain A (mol wt 100,000). When the 10-min pulse label in such
      cells was chased for 20 min, the A-containing 13S subunit in the cytoplasmic
      extracts was replaced by a 14S subunit containing equimolar proportions of three
      chains: epsilon, gamma, and alpha. This (epsilon, gamma, alpha)-containing 14S
      subunit could be dissociated into 6S subunits with the same polypeptide
      composition. The sedimentation properties and the polypeptide stoichiometry of
      these three precursor subunits, when compared with those of the 13S, (beta,
      gamma, alpha)(5), and 5S, (beta, gamma, alpha), subunits derived by acid
      dissociation of purified virions, suggest the following structural assignments:
      13S, (A)(5); 14S, (epsilon, gamma, alpha)(5), 6S, (epsilon, gamma, alpha). The
      molecular weights of the individually isolated capsid chains were determined by
      gel filtration in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride to be: epsilon, 36,000; alpha,
      32,000; beta, 29,500; gamma, 26,500; and delta, 7,800. With the exception of the
      delta-chain, these values are in reasonable agreement with the values previously
      determined by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gels. These
      data support the hypothesis that picornavirus capsids are assembled from
      identical protomers according to the following scheme: (A) leads to (A)(5) leads
      to (epsilon, gamma, alpha)(5) leads to (delta, beta, gamma, alpha)60-n(epsilon,
      gamma, alpha)n where n is the number of immature protomers per virion.

PMID- 167184
TI  - Structural polypeptides of rabbit, bovine, and human papillomaviruses.
AB  - The number and apparent molecular weight of the structural polypeptides of Shope
      rabbit papilloma virus (RPV), bovine papilloma virus (BPV), and human papilloma
      virus (HPV) were estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Up to 10 polypeptides were detected in highly purified BPV and
      HPV full particles; a close homology was found between the polypeptide
      composition of both viruses. Purified RPV virions gave a similar polypeptide
      pattern. The main components of the three papillomaviruses are the major
      polypeptide (VP1) with a mol wt of approximately 54,000 and the three smaller
      polypeptides (VP8, 9, 10) with mol wt of about 16,500, 15,500 and 12,500,
      respectively. VP8, VP9, and VP10 are never detected in empty capsids. When BPV
      virions were disrupted with alkaline buffer, the six lower-molecular-weight
      polypeptides (VP5 to 10) remained associated with viral DNA. This suggests that
      they are internal components of the virions and that the four higher-molecular
      weight polypeptides (VP1 to 4) may represent external components. The polypeptide
      compositions of BPV and polyoma virus, another papovavirus, have been compared.
      The number of BPV and polyoma virus components (10 and 6, respectively) and the
      molecular weight of their major polypeptide (54,000 and 44,500, respectively) are
      different; however, the three main DNA-associated polypeptides of BPV (VP8, 9,
      10) and the three histone-like components of polyoma virus (VP4, 5, 6) were shown
      to have identical apparent molecular weights. The possibility that some of the
      minor components of papillomaviruses may be proteolytic degradation products or
      cell protein contaiminants is discussed.

PMID- 167185
TI  - Post-transcriptional restriction of human adenovirus expression in monkey cells.
AB  - Infection of the continuous simian cell lines CV-1 and BSC-1 with human
      adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) is abortive. However, the restriction of Ad2 reproduction
      in these cells can be overcome by increasing the Ad2 infectious dose or by
      coinfection with simian virus 40. Vero, another established simian cell line free
      of detectable endogenous simian virus 40 DNA, is not restricted in its ability to
      promote Ad2 growth even at low input multiplicities of Ad2 and in the absence of
      SV40 helper. The amount of structural Ad2 proteins in total cell extracts of
      enhanced BSC-1 cells is at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of
      unenhanced cells. In contrast, comparable quantities of Ad2 mRNA specifying these
      proteins are found in both the enhanced and the unenhanced cell. Both sets of
      mRNA can be translated in a cell-free system with equal efficiency.

PMID- 167186
TI  - Selective inhibition of herpes simplex virus by 5-amino-2,5-dideoxy-5
      iodouridine.
AB  - 5-Amino-2,5-dideoxy-5-iodouridine, a nel thymidine analogue, is a potent
      inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication. In contrast to most other
      nucleoside analogues which possess antiviral activity, 5-amino-2,5-dideoxy-5
      iodouridine exhibits little, if any, cellular toxicity. Preliminary evidence
      suggests that 5-amino-2,5-dideoxy-5-iodouridine selectively inhibits viral
      specific DNA synthesis.

PMID- 167187
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40 selected by transforming
      ability.
AB  - Eight temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40 which transform rat cells
      at 32.5 C but not at 38.5 C have been isolated. All the mutants were also
      temperature sensitive for replication in African green monkey kidney cells and
      five of them were classified into a single complementation group. No mutant
      incapable of transforming rat cells at either temperature was isolated.

PMID- 167188
TI  - Characterization of T antigen in cells infected with a temperature-sensitive
      mutant of simian virus 40.
AB  - T antigen induced in African green monkey kidney cells by a temperature-sensitive
      mutant of simian virus 40, defective in a function required for cell
      transformation, was characterized. The number of T antigen-positive cells
      estimated by an immunofluorescent techniques was almost equal at permissive (32.5
      C) and restrictive (38.5 C) temperatures, but was slightly reduced when the
      infected cells were incubated at a higher temperature (40.5 C). However, a
      complement fixation test indicated that the amount of T antigen induced by the
      mutant is not significantly different from that induced by wild-type virus at
      40.5 C. These results suggest that the T antigen-inducing ability of the mutant
      is not defective. Two distinct molecular species of T antigen were induced by the
      mutant at the permissive temperature, whereas only one form was observed at the
      restrictive temperature. The larger molecular form (14 to 15S) induced by the
      mutant at the permissive temperature was more heat labile than that induced by
      wild-type virus, suggesting that the mutated gene product is a component of the
      larger molecular form.

PMID- 167189
TI  - Both NS and L proteins are required for in vitro RNA synthesis by vesicular
      stomatitis virus.
AB  - Vesicular stomatitis virions, Indiana serotype, were solubilized with high salt
      solubilizer and separated by ultracentrifugation into a supernatant fraction
      containing L, G, NS, and M proteins and pellet fraction containing the RNA
      complexed with N protein. NS protein was purified from the supernatnat fluid by
      sequential chromatography on phosphocellulose and diethylaminoethyl cellulose
      columns. The purified NS protein was assayed in a standard transcription system
      in combination with purified L protein and purified template (pellet fraction)
      prepared by renografin or CsCl banding. Results of the polymerase assays indicate
      that both L and NS proteins are required to reconstitute transcription activity
      with a highly purified template composed of only RNA and N protein. The NS
      protein polymerase activity is destroyed by trypsin but withstands 90 C
      temperatures for 10 min. Cytoplasmic NS protein can substitute for virion NS
      protein in the in vitro transcription assay.

PMID- 167190
TI  - Recombination between endogenous and exogenous RNA tumor virus genes as analyzed
      by nucleic acid hybridization.
AB  - Certain chicken cells that do not spontaneously release virus particles have been
      shown to produce a subgroup E avian RNA tumor virus, Rous-associated virus 60
      (RAV-60), after infection with viruses of other subgroups. The nucleic acids of
      RAV-60 were analyzed for sequence homologies with the viral nucleic acids
      contained in the uninfected cell and with those of RAV-2, the exogenous virus
      used for the preparation of this particular RAV-60 isolate. In addition, these
      nucleic acids were compared with those of RAV-0, an endogenous virus
      spontaneously released from line 100 chicken cells. RAV-60 appears to be
      intermediate between RAV-0 and RAV-2 in its genetic composition, based on the
      pattern of hybridization obtained with the nucleic acids of these viruses and on
      the melting profiles of the various hybrid combinations. Of the three viruses
      tested, RAV-0 appears to have the greatest sequence homology with the viral
      nucleic acids of the uninfected cell. Hybridization between RAV-60 3-H-labeled
      complementary DNA and either DNA or RNA from the uninfected cell indicates that
      RAV-60 contains some nucleic acid sequences which are not present in the cell. In
      addition, some RAV-60 sequences which hybridize with the cell nucleic acid
      contain significant amounts of mismatching, as indicated by the lower thermal
      stability of these hybrid duplexes. Hybrid formation between these partially
      homologous sequences was excluded under stringent annealing conditions. The data
      indicate that RAV-60 is a recombinant between exogenous and endogenous viral
      genes.

PMID- 167191
TI  - Nucleic acid homology of murine xenotropic type C viruses.
AB  - Two major subclasses of xenotropic (X-tropic) murine type C viruses can be
      distinguished by nucleic acid hybridization. The most frequently encountered
      subclass (MuLV-X-alpha) includes isolates from BALB/c, C57BL/6J, C58/J, AKR/J,
      CBA/J, and DBA/2J inbred strains and from the Asian feral mouse subspecies Mus
      musculus molossinus. The other subclass (MuLV-X-beta) consists of viruses
      isolated from the NIH Swiss and NZB/BINJ strains. Thus, significant polymorphism
      exists among the endogenous type C virogenes of a single species, Mus musculus.
      MuLV-X-alpha genes are found in strains that also have endogenous mouse-tropic
      viruses (either N-tropic, B-tropic, or both), whereas the MuLV-X-beta subclass is
      restricted to mouse strains from which mouse-tropic viruses have not yet been
      isolated. The results are consistent with a model which proposes that mouse
      tropic endogenous viruses are derived from the MuLV-X-alpha subclass.

PMID- 167192
TI  - DNA synthesis in polyoma virus infection. III. Mechanism of inhibition of viral
      DNA replication by cycloheximide.
AB  - The formation of viral DNA was inhibited in polyoma virus-infected cells in which
      protein synthesis had been blocked by cycloheximide. The present studies show the
      following. (i) The pool of replicating viral DNA molecules was reduced in
      cycloheximide-treated cells by an amount consistent with inhibition of [3
      H]thymidine incorporation into viral DNA, whereas the rate of turnover of the
      replicating population was not affected. (ii) The rate of conversion of
      replicating molecules into closed-circular DNA was not affected by cycloheximide.
      (iii) The rate of elongation of nascent viral DNA fragments into strands of unit
      genome length was unaffected by cycloheximide. It is concluded that viral DNA
      synthesis is inhibited in the absence of protein synthesis exclusively at the
      level of initiation of new rounds of genome replication. Replicating molecules
      already initiated at the time of addition of cycloheximide matured into progeny
      closed-circular DNA at a normal rate.

PMID- 167194
TI  - Polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA. III. In vitro addition of polyadenylic acid
      to poliovirus RNAs.
AB  - A crude RNA polymerase preparation was made from HeLa cells infected for 3 h with
      poliovirus. All virus-specific RNA species labeled in vitro (35S RNA, replicative
      intermediate RNA [RI], and double-stranded RNA [dsRNA]) would bind to poly(U)
      filters and contained RNase-resistant stretches of poly(A) which could be
      analyzed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. After incubation for 45 min
      with [3-H]ATP in the presence of the other three nucleoside triphosphates, the
      labeled poly(A) on the RI and dsRNA migrated on gels as relatively homogenous
      peaks approximately 200 nucleotides in length. In contrast, the poly(A) from the
      35S RNA had a heterogeneous size distribution ranging from 50 to 250 nucleotides.
      In the absence of UTP, CTP, and GTP, the size of the newly labeled poly(A) on the
      dsRNA and RI RNA was the same as it was in the presence of all four nucleoside
      triphosphates. However the poly(A) on the 35S RNA lacked the larger sequences
      seen when the other three nucleoside triphosphates were present. When [3-H]ATP
      was used as the label in infected and uninfected extracts, heterogeneous single
      stranded RNA sedimenting at less than 28S was also labeled. This heterogeneous
      RNA probably represents HeLa cytoplasmic RNA to which small lengths of poly(A)
      (approximately 15 nucleotides) had been added. These results indicate that in the
      in vitro system poly(A) can be added to both newly synthesized and preexisting
      RNA molecules. Furthermore, an enzyme capable of terminal addition of poly(A)
      exists in both infected and uninfected extracts.

PMID- 167193
TI  - Polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA. II. poly(A) on intracellular RNAs.
AB  - The content, size, and mechanism of synthesis of 3'-terminal poly(A) on the
      various intracellular species of poliovirus RNA have been examined. All viral RNA
      species bound to poly(U) filters and contained RNase-resistant stretches of
      poly(A) which could be analyzed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. At 3 h
      after infection, the poly(A) on virion RNA, relicative intermediate RNA,
      polyribosomal RNA, and total cytoplasmic 35S RNA was heterogeneous in size with
      an average length of 75 nucleotides. By 6 h after infection many of the
      intracellular RNA's had poly(A) of over 150 nucleotides in length, but the
      poly(A) in virion RNA did not increase in size suggesting that the amount of
      poly(A) which can be encapsidated is limited. At all times, the double-stranded
      poliovirus RNA molecules had poly(A) of 150 to 200 nucleotides. Investigation of
      the kinetics of poly(A) appearance in the replicative intermediate and in
      finished 35S molecules indicated that poly(A) is the last portion of the 35S RNA
      to be synthesized; no nascent poly(A) could be detected in the replicative
      intermediate. Although this result indicates that poliovirus RNA is synthesized
      5' leads to 3' like other RNA's, it also suggests that much of the poly(A) found
      in the replicative intermediate is an artifact possibly arising from the binding
      of finished 35S RNA molecules to the replicative intermediate during extraction.
      The addition of poly(A) to 35S RNA molecules was not sensitive to guanidene.

PMID- 167195
TI  - Presence of herpes simplex virus-related antigens in transformed L cells.
AB  - Antiserum prepared against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-infected L cells,
      i.e., lytic antiserum, was shown by an indirect immunofluorescence test to stain
      90 percent of HSV-transformed L or HeLa cells. Immunofluorescence in these cells
      was always most intense in the perinuclear cytoplasmic region. Similar results
      were obtained with antiserum prepared against HSV-transformed L cells. These data
      indicate that HSV-transformed cells (both L and HeLa) express HSV-related
      antigens. Antiserum prepared against HSV-1-transformed L cells, i.e., transformed
      cell antiserum, was found to agglutinate purified HSV type 1 virions but failed
      to neutralize infectivity. This suggests that HSV-1 structural antigens are
      expressed in HSV-1-transformed L cells. Immunodiffusion studies showed that at
      least two HSV-related antigens could be demonstrated with antigens from HSV-1
      transformed L cells and transformed-cell antiserum. These two antigens were shown
      to be present in all clonal lines of HSV-1-transformed cells examined, six L cell
      lines and one HeLa cell line. Therefore, we conclude that transformation of cells
      by HSV-1, which is known to be associated with acquisition of viral thymidine
      kinase, must also be associated with the presence of these two antigens. We
      performed experiments showing that there are species of HSV-related antibody in
      HSV-transformed cell antiserum that could not be absorbed out with antigens from
      HSV-infected L cells. Antibodies present in lytic antiserum were completely
      removed by antigen preparations from cells lytically infected with HSV-1. Also,
      lytic antiserum failed to block HSV-related staining of transformed L cells in a
      direct immunofluorescence test. These results are compatible with one of two
      notions: either (i) certain genes are expressed during transformation that are
      not expressed during lytic infection, or (ii) these genes are expressed to a much
      more reduced extent during lytic infection than in transformed cells.

PMID- 167196
TI  - Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. II. Size, composition, and arrangement of
      inverted terminal repetitions.
AB  - Electron microscope studies on self-annealed intact single strands and on
      partially denatured molecules show that herpes simplex virus 1 DNA consists of
      two unequal regions, each bounded by inverted redundant sequences. Thus the
      region L (70 percent of the contour length of the DNA) separates the left
      terminal region a1b from its inverted repeat b'a'1, each of which comprises 6
      percent of the DNA. The region S (9.4 percent of DNA) separates the right
      terminal region cas (4.3 percent of the DNA) from its inverted repeat a'sc'. The
      regions of the two termini which are inverted and repeated itnernally differ in
      topology. Thus, cas is guanine plus cytosine rich, whereas only the terminal 1
      percent of the a1b region, designated as subregion a1, is guanine plus cytosine
      rich.

PMID- 167197
TI  - Effect of DNA-negative and maturation-defective conditions on accumulation of
      functional messengers for T4 bacteriophage-specific dihydrofolate reductase and
      deoxynucleoside monophosphate kinase.
AB  - Messengers for T4 phage-specific deoxynucleoside monophosphate kinase
      overaccumulated in nonpermissive hosts infected with amber-defective viruses that
      displayed either the DNA-negative or maturation-defective phenotype. Under both
      conditions, however, transcription of functional messengers for dihydrofolate
      reductase followed essentially normal kinetics.

PMID- 167198
TI  - Experience with the thoraco-abdominal incision for nephroblastoma in children
      less than 3 years old.
AB  - Our results with the routine use of a modified thoraco-abdominal incision in the
      treatment of patients with nephroblastoma are reported herein. We have used this
      incision successfully in 5 patients less than 3 years old and are impressed with
      the improved exposure. In our limited experience the thoracic extension has not
      adversely altered the operative or postoperative course.

PMID- 167199
TI  - Extramammary Paget's disease in the scrotal and inguinal areas.

PMID- 167200
TI  - A review of 100 renal and perinephric sonograms with anatomic diagnoses.
AB  - Sonography is a non-invasive safe, convenient, quick and pain-free diagnostic
      modality, which can differentiate fluid masses from solid tumors and give a 3
      dimensional representation of organs and masses in the retroperitoneum by
      biplanar sections. Sonography depends on the fact that high frequency sound has
      many characteristics of light and is, in fact, a sophisticated method of
      transillumination. A review of the first 100 consecutive patients who had
      sonography and anatomic diagnosis of the renal or perinephric abnormality shows
      the versatility and potentials of sonography. Of these 100 sonograms of renal and
      perinephric abnormalities 92 were correct by anatomic diagnosis.

PMID- 167201
TI  - Beware of the normal excretory urogram.
AB  - Excretory urography is not an infallible diagnostic procedure and should not be
      relied upon exclusively. A normal study must never result in the rejection of
      additional data derived from history, physical examination and laboratory tests.
      Two case histories are presented to underscore this caveat. Excretory urography
      must be supplemented additional radiographic evaluations when the conventional
      study fails to completely explain the clinical situation.

PMID- 167203
TI  - A serologic survey of pronghorns in Alberta and Saskatchewan, 1970-1972.
AB  - To determine the exposure of free-ranging pronghorns (Antilocapra americana Ord)
      to selected pathogens, serum samples were obtained from 33 live-trapped animals
      from southwestern Saskatchewan in 1970, and from 26 and 51 animals from
      southeastern Alberta, in 1971 and 1972, respectively. Antibodies were found to
      the agents of parainfluenza 3, bovine virus diarrhea, eastern and western
      encephalomyelitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and the chlamydial group. No
      serologic reactors were found to the agents of bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic
      disease, brucellosis, or leptospirosis (4 serotypes).

PMID- 167202
TI  - Malignant androblastoma (Sertoli cell tumor) of the testis. A case report with a
      review of the literature.

PMID- 167204
TI  - Herpersvirus strigis: host spectrum and distribution in infected owls.
AB  - Herpesvirus strigis, a new species of the genus Herpesvirus, is a pathogen for
      several species of owls in the order Srigiformes. Natural infection has been
      observed in the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo L.), Long-eared Owl (Asio otus L.) and Snowy
      Owl (nyctea scandiaca L.) In addition the Little Owl (Athene noctua Scopolic) and
      Tengmalms Owl (Aegolius funereus L.) was experimentally infected. On the other
      hand the Tawny Owl (Strix aluco L.) and Barn Owl (Tyto albo Scopoli) proved
      resistant to a massive experimental infection. Of representatives from nine other
      orders of birds and mammals, only the Old World Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus L.)
      was found susceptible to this virus. Distribution of viral antigen in various
      organs of infected owls, as determined by immunofluorescence and by quantitative
      virus assay, was in accordance with the occurrence of macroscopic and microscopic
      lesions.

PMID- 167206
TI  - Cytomegalic inclusion disease in the east African headgehog.
AB  - Cytomegaly with intranuclear inclusion bodies was found in the duct epithelium of
      the salivary glands of five of ten hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris).
      Cytomegalovirus infection was presumed to be the cause.

PMID- 167205
TI  - An outbreak of a hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer in Kentucky.
AB  - In 1971, an outbreak of a hemorrhagic disease occurred in captive and free
      ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Mammoth Cave National Park,
      Kentucky, Clinical signs and gross pathological lesions were consistent with
      those of epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue, as were serological and
      histopathological findings for samples sent to other laboratories. The infection
      rate among the 104 captive deer was 88-92%, and that among the free-ranging Park
      deer appeared to be similar. Mortality was negligible in the Park deer, but 65
      (62%) of the captive deer died. The deaths were bimodally distributed over a 36
      day period, and the mortality rate decreased from 97-100% for deer clinically ill
      during the first 17 days of the outbreak to 58% for deer first exhibiting
      clinical signs on day 16 or later. Mortality was equal in males and females, but
      less in yearlings than among fawns or adults. Winter mortality among survivors of
      the initial outbreak was associated with low ambient temperatures and sometimes
      fungal and bacterial abscesses, possibly sequelae or complications of the
      hemorrhagic disease. The pregnancy and birth rates among surviving does appeared
      to be normal.

PMID- 167207
TI  - Fatal pox infection in a rough-legged hawk.
AB  - Natural pox infection occurred in a free-living rough-legged hawk (Buteo lagopus)
      in northeastern North Dakota. Gross, histological and electron microscopic
      findings were typical of pox infection, and characteristic lesions developed in
      red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) but not in great horned owls (Bubo
      virginianus) following inoculation with case material. Death of the rough-legged
      hawk was attributed to starvation rsulting from inability to capture prey and to
      blood loss from foot lesions.

PMID- 167208
TI  - The pathogenicity of bovine strains of foot and mouth disease virus for impala
      and wildebeest.
AB  - Impala (Aepyceros melampus) and wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) were infected
      with bovine strains of foot and mouth disease virus by intradermolingual
      inoculation. No clinical signs developed in the impala but mild atypical lesions
      developed in the tongues of the wildebeest with generalized spread to one foot in
      two of the eight animals exposed. All the impala but only some of the wildebeest
      developed viraemia. No virus could be isolated from any tissues in either species
      after the 7th day following virus inoculation. Immune response occurred in both
      species. A field survey revealed few animals of either species with significant
      antibody titers and no virus 'carriers' were found.

PMID- 167209
TI  - Herpes simplex virus in idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell palsy).
AB  - Sera from all 41 adult patients with idiopathic facil paralysis (Bell palsy) and
      35 (85%) of 41 matched controls who had never had Bell palsy contained antibodies
      to herpes simplex virus (P smaller than.05). The frequency of antibodies to
      herpes zoster virus did not differ in patients and controls. A rise in antibody
      titer, indicating primary herpes simplex virus infection, was not found in these
      patients. That Bell palsy may be caused by reactivation of herpes simplex virus
      is suggested by (1) clinical, neurologic, laboratory, and immunologic
      similarities between idiopathic facial paralysis and known manifestations of
      reactivated herpes simplex virus infection, and (2) the known neurotropism of
      herpes simplex virus, including its presence in latent form in the trigeminal
      ganglia, and parallels with known facial paralysis due to varicella zoster virus,
      a closely related agent. The presence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus is
      the only common factor among the patients tested in this study.

PMID- 167211
TI  - Proceedings: Nuclear medicine. M. The brain and nervous system.

PMID- 167210
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate].

PMID- 167212
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Arrangement of defecation procedure following enterostomy. An
      innovation in administration of an enema at home].

PMID- 167213
TI  - [Clinico-pathological study of 7 cases of the so-called alveolar cell carcinoma].

PMID- 167214
TI  - The fine structure of cytoplasmic inclusions and virus particles of bovine
      papular stomatitis.

PMID- 167215
TI  - Methylxanthine induced small intestinal secretion.
AB  - Methylxanthines, being potent phosphodiesterase inhibitors, produce increased
      intestinal cyclic AMP levels and would be predicted to produce increased net
      intestinal fluid secretion. Their effect when presented to the intestinal lumen,
      which would be analogous to human ingestion, had not been previously determined.
      Isolated loops of rat jejunum were perfused with solutions of caffeine and
      theophylline in vivo. There was a decrease in net fluid absorption in both
      neonatal and mature animals exposed to theophylline. Mature animals exposed to
      caffeine developed a prompt secretory response, comparable to thax induced by
      cholera toxin. The data indicate that methylxanthines are potent intestinal
      secretagogues when administered intraluminally and suggest that secretory
      stimulation could be important in the gastrointestinal symptomatology elicited in
      man by these compounds.

PMID- 167216
TI  - [Glomus tumors of the eyelids (author's transl)].
AB  - Two new observations of glomus tumors in the eyelid are reported, one of the
      angiomatous type, the other of the more adenoid type. The typical symptoms of
      other than ophthalmological localisations are described. The clinical diagnosis
      is possible. In the few cases reported by ophthalmologists the diagnosis is made
      by the histologist.

PMID- 167218
TI  - [Editorial: Risks for addiction].

PMID- 167217
TI  - [Mixed tumors of the parotid gland in the eyelid (author's transl)].

PMID- 167219
TI  - [Alcoholism - an illness].

PMID- 167220
TI  - [Alcoholism - what can we do?].

PMID- 167221
TI  - [Drug abuse].

PMID- 167223
TI  - [Our contribution to the theme: research in nursing].

PMID- 167222
TI  - [Risk factor, nicotine].

PMID- 167224
TI  - [A way to carry out individualized nursing care].

PMID- 167225
TI  - [Suitable quality of nursing care].

PMID- 167226
TI  - [Is there a threat of inadmissible reduction in standards of nursing care?].

PMID- 167228
TI  - [The development of costs in the health care system].

PMID- 167227
TI  - [Examination of the health insurance financing system. Expert Commission
      discusses alternatives].

PMID- 167229
TI  - Multiple Herpesvirus simiae isolation from a rhesus monkey which died of cerebral
      infarction.
AB  - A rhesus monkey housed in the New England Regional Primate Research Center for
      more than 4 yr died after an illness of 19 da. Clinical signs included central
      nervous system involvement and ulcers on the labial mucosa. Microscopically, the
      cause of death was established as multiple cerebral infarction. Lesions
      characteristic of herpesvirus infections were not present in the brain nor in any
      other tissue; however, Herpesvirus simiae was isolated from oral and anal swabs
      as well as from tongue and lung tissue. Inoculation of this agent in H simiae
      antibody negative rhesus monkeys resulted in infection, as indicated by virus
      isolation, serologic conversion, conjunctivitis, and development of ulcers at the
      mucoepithelial border, but fatal infection did not develop.

PMID- 167230
TI  - Husbandry of the "nude" mouse in conventional and germfree environments.
AB  - The "nude" mouse is a unique tool for immunologic studies. Its relatively short
      life span dictates the application of rigid environmental controls to increase
      longevity if the mouse is to assume the role of a practical experimental animal.
      In this paper we discussed the husbandry procedures employed to raise "nude" mice
      in our facilities under conventional, defined flora, and germfree conditions.
      Conventional and defined flora mice were raised on laminar flow stay-clean rocks,
      and germfree "nudes" were housed in self-contained germfree isolators. The major
      cause of morbidity and mortality among conventional and defined flora "nude" mice
      was fulminating hepatitis. We presented evidence that the etiologic agent of the
      disease was mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). Germfree "nude" mice were completely
      free from viral and bacterial diseases.

PMID- 167231
TI  - Human vascular smooth muscle in culture. Growth and ultrastructure.
AB  - Mixed primary cultures of endothelial and smooth muscle cells were obtained from
      human umbilical cord vessels after prolonged collagenase digestion of their
      luminal surfaces. Morphologically homogeneous populations of vascular smooth
      muscle were then selectively isolated and subcultured for up to 16 weeks.
      Ultrastructurally, cultured cells were characterized by the presence of bundles
      of myofilaments with dense bodies similar to native umbilical vessel smooth
      muscle. Mature cultures developed a distinctive topographical organization
      consisting of bands of parallel cells and intertwined, multilayered areas.
      Elaborate intercellular attachments formed along contiguous cell surfaces. Large
      amounts of extracellular material accumulated, including amorphous substance,
      elastic fiber microfibrils, and 250- to 300-A,faintly-banded fibrils. In older
      cultures, focal proliferation, extracellular material secretion and cellular
      degeneration produced nodular protrusions somewhat resembling atherosclerotic
      lesions in vivo. Endothelium and smooth muscle cultured from this readily
      available human source may provide useful comparative material for
      pathophysiologic studies of vascular disease.

PMID- 167232
TI  - Prevention of pulmonary vascular changes of chronic alveolar hypoxia by
      inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme in the rat.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that the renin-angiotensin system is involved in the
      development of the pulmonary vascular patholigic changes of chronic alveolar
      hypoxia, two groups of rats were exposed to 0.5 atm. for 21 days. One group
      received SQ 20,881 (2 mg. per kg.) every 8 hours subcutaneously and the second
      group received normal saline. A third group of rats was maintained at normobaria.
      Rats receiving SQ 20,881 had significantly less pulmonary arterial hypertrophy
      and right ventricular hypertrophy than hypobaric animals. SQ 20,881-treated rats
      showed a significant increase in adrenal weight but a marked reduction in the
      thickness of the zona glomerulosa, as compared with the other groups. Our
      findings indicate that angiotensin II is necessary in the development of the
      pulmonary vascular structural changes of chronic alveolar hypoxia.

PMID- 167233
TI  - The ultrastructure of the accessory sex organs of the male rat. 9. The effect of
      an antiandrogenic compound, SKF 22,340.
AB  - The coagulating gland and the dorsal lobe of the rat prostate were studied after
      administration of the antiandrogenic compound SKF 22,340. There was a general
      involution of the organs, with macroscopic atrophy and a reduced amount of
      secretory material. Ultrastructurally the cells contained fewer organelles as
      compared with the controls. There were also loss of cytoplasm and reduction both
      of cell height and width. Within the dorsal lobe, prominent nuclear and nucleolar
      changes were found. The alterations observed in the present study are similar to
      changes which were found in animals treated with another antiandrogenic compound,
      cyproterone acetate. The results are discussed in relation to the available
      biochemical data.

PMID- 167234
TI  - Spontaneous arteritis and glomerulitis in mice. A comparison of light and
      electron microscopic renal changes in PN/n, NZB/BL, 101/MAC, and CBA/MAC mice.
AB  - Four PN/n mice between 12 and 17 months of age had fibrinoid necrosis of the
      renal arteries, but 32 mice up to the age of 17 months showed no consistent
      change in the media or intima of the renal arteries although perivascular cuffing
      with round cells was prominent from 9 months of age. Glomerulitis, indicated by
      increase in the mesangium on light microscopy, affected most mice over 7 months
      of age, and dense deposits on electron microscopy were present in most mice from
      7 months of age. These changes occurred significantly more frequently than in
      CBA/MAC mice; the 101/MAC showed an intermediate frequency, and the pattern in a
      small sample of NZB/BL mice resembled that of the PN/n mice. Basement membrane
      thickening increased with age from 3 weeks in all of the strains but more often
      included dense deposits in PN/n mice. Splitting of the glomerular basement
      membrane in very young mice in all strains was not considered relevant and may
      have been developmental. Failure consistently to detect glomerulitis earlier by
      electron microscopy than by light microscopy was attributed to the greater
      sampling error of the former. Unidentified dense bodies in glomerular epithelial
      cells occurred at all ages in all strains, so the suggestion that they were virus
      particles relevant to the disease was not sustained. Intraobserver variation
      studies showed satisfactory repeatability for light microscopy and for dense
      deposits and basement membrane thickening, but the dense bodies were not detected
      with acceptable reproducibility, a difficulty partly due to technical variation.

PMID- 167235
TI  - Determination of serum lipoprotein-X for the early differentiation between
      neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia.

PMID- 167236
TI  - The molecular structure of the receptor-ionophore complex at the neuromuscular
      junction.

PMID- 167237
TI  - Dynamic model for sedimentation of supercoiled molecules.

PMID- 167238
TI  - Investigations on the properties of established cell lines of human and animal
      origin to induce cartilage and bone and properties of human fibroblasts
      transformed by varicella virus.

PMID- 167239
TI  - Adrenergic beta-receptor activity and cyclic AMP metabolism in vascular smooth
      muscle; variations with age.
AB  - The relaxing effect of isoproterenol on aortic strips from rats decreases and
      disappears with increasing age of the animal. In aortas from young rats (1 month)
      the cAMP level increases after stimulation with isoproterenol (3.6 muM), whereas
      in old aortas (6 months) the cAMP level was unchanged. Basal and NaF stimulated
      adenyl cyclase activities are increased in aortas from rats 6 months of age
      compared with those one month old. The phosphodiesterase activities decrease with
      increasing age both low (10-7M) and high (10-4M) substrate concentration.

PMID- 167240
TI  - Type A hepatitis.

PMID- 167241
TI  - Liver disease of the alcoholic.
AB  - Significant liver disease including fatty metamorphosis, alcoholic hepatitis,
      cirrhosis, and hepatoma occur in two thirds of subjects who consume alcoholic
      beverages in sufficient quantities to interfere with work and social
      responsibilities; this is of major importance in the rapidly escalating morbidity
      and mortality from alcoholism. Chronic alcoholics should be routinely evaluated
      for the presence of altered liver function and structure. Clearance of
      indocyanine green using dichromatic ear densitometry and computer and analysis
      provides a simple and sensitive method for mass screening of such patients.
      Clinical studies of lymphocyte reactivity to purified alcoholic hyaline may be
      valuable in recognizing alcoholic hepatitis, the precursor of cirrhosis. Ethanol
      toxicity, malnutrition and constitutional factors contribute to the development
      of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in alcoholics. Ethanol and/or acetaldehyde and
      the supernatant from lymphocytes stimulated by alcoholic hyaline cause a
      significant increase in the incorporation of proline into collagen of the damaged
      liver. Abstinence and correction of nutrient deficits are the cornerstones of
      treatment for alcoholic liver disease; a daily meal and dietary supplements
      should be provided for those with liver injury who continue to imbibe. Alcoholics
      with progressive liver disease despite supportive therapy may be aided by
      pharmacologic agents which suppress immunologic response and reduce fibrogenesis.

PMID- 167242
TI  - Benign tumors of the liver.

PMID- 167243
TI  - [Various methods of virologic diagnosis as applied to etiological studies on
      respiratory infections].

PMID- 167244
TI  - [Effect of influenza A 29 virus infection on the immunogenicity of surface
      fractions of hamster polyoma tumor cells].

PMID- 167245
TI  - [Changes in Con A receptors induced by influenza virus infection in polyoma virus
      transformed BHK-21 cells].

PMID- 167246
TI  - [Letter: Dialogue, monologue and pharmacology. More about "nature medicine"].

PMID- 167247
TI  - [The inflammatory reaction].

PMID- 167248
TI  - Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in the elderly: report of a case.
AB  - Although nasopharyngeal angiofibromas usually occur during puberty and
      adolescence, thus being considered as juvenile, very rare documented reports
      describe this condition in old persons.  The case of a 62-year-old man with a
      nasopharyngeal angiofibroma successfully resected is presented.  It was the only
      lesion found in an old individual among 283 cases seen during a 20-year period in
      a large city hospital.

PMID- 167249
TI  - IV. Multiple glomus tumors in the head and neck.
AB  - Eight of 76 glomus tumors in the head and neck region are multiple.  The most
      common association is with carotid body tumors; the most common pattern is an
      ipsilateral glomus tympanicum and carotid body tumor.  The approach to clinical
      evaluation is based on a complete otolaryngologic, neurologic, and
      neuroradiologic evaluation of all patients with glomus tumors.  The rationale for
      priorities in management is the resection of the most dangerous lesions first. 
      This study confirms the previous observations that glomus tumors have a definite
      proclivity for multicentricity (10 percent) and a high incidence for other
      associated malignancies (8 percent).

PMID- 167250
TI  - Prostaglandins as intracellular messengers.

PMID- 167251
TI  - Angiotensin I [Phe8-His9] hydrolase and bradykininase from human lung.

PMID- 167252
TI  - Stimulation of cyclic nucleotides of calcium efflux in barnacle muscle fibers.

PMID- 167253
TI  - An analysis at synaptic level of the morphine action in striatum and N.
      accumbens: dopamine and acetylcholine interactions.

PMID- 167254
TI  - Dopamine receptor sensitivity after repeated morphine administrations to rats.

PMID- 167255
TI  - Action of morphine on guinea-pig myenteric plexus and mouse vas deferens studied
      by intracellular recording.

PMID- 167256
TI  - Prostaglandins, cyclic AMP and the mechanism of opiate dependence.

PMID- 167257
TI  - Steroid hormones in plants.

PMID- 167259
TI  - Phospholipase C catalyzed formation of sphinogomyelin--14C from lecithin and N-(
      14C)-oleoyl-sphingosine.
AB  - Commercial preparations of Clostreidium perfringens were incubated with
      phosphatidyl choline and N-1-(-14C) oleoylsphingosine.  A radioactive product was
      formed which cochromatogramed with spingomyelin standard in three different
      solvent systems.  Several other phospholipases and phosphatases were unable to
      catalyze this reaction.  Neither choline, phosphoryl choline, cytidine
      diphosphate choline nor p-nitrophenyl phosphoryl choline were acitve donors. 
      Sphingomyelin was only slightly active as a phosphoryl choline donor.

PMID- 167258
TI  - Lipd profiles of plasma lipoproteins of fasted and fed normal and choline
      deficient rats.
AB  - Three major density classes of lipoproteins and a residual protein (d greater
      than 1.21) were isolated by ultracentrifugation from plasma of fasted, fed
      normal, and choline-deficient rats.  Lipid extracts were obtained from total
      plasma and the various density classes of lipoproteins, and each extract was
      examined in detail by thin layer and gas chromatographies.  The results indicated
      essentially identical compositions of molecular species of phosphatidyl choline,
      which suggested their rapid equilibration among the different plasma lipoprotein
      classes.  In contrast, the molecular species of the triacylglycerols and
      cholesteryl esters showed significant differences among the chylomicrons, very
      low and low, and high density lipoproteins, which excluded the possibility of
      their ready equilibration in vivo.  Omission of choline from diet resulted in a
      sharp and statistically significant decrease in all lipid components of the very
      low and low density lipoproteins with 2 days.  After 10 days of choline
      deficiency, the lipid levels of chylomicrons and very low and low density
      lipoproteins were ca. one-half the levels found in the choline supplemented
      animals, and there were discernible distortions in their lipid composition. 
      Reintroduction of choline led to a prompt return to normal levels and lipid
      composition of both chylomicron and very low and low density lipoprotein
      fractions.  The lack of equilibration of the triacylglycerols among the
      lipoprotein classes under normal conditions and in choline deficiency
      demonstrates an as yet unrecgnized source of compartmentation of plasma lipids.

PMID- 167260
TI  - Sterospecific analysis of hepatoma, host liver, and normal rat liver
      triglycerides from animals on chow and fat free diets.
AB  - Triglycerides from normal liver, host liver, and heptoma of rats maintained on
      chow and fat-free diets were subjected to sterospecific analysis.  Normal and
      host liver triglycerides from animals on the same diet did not exhibit
      significant differences.  Fat-free diet reduced polyunsaturated fatty acids in
      normal and in host liver triglycerides.  Each position of hepatoma and liver
      triglyceride glycerol exhibited a characteristic fatty acid composition. 
      Palmitate concentrations were reduced dramatically and stearate levels were
      increased significantly at the 1 position of hepatoma triglycerides, relative to
      the corresponding position of liver triglycerides which were affected little by
      diet ot tumor. Except for higher percentages of C-20 and higher fatty acids,
      common to all three positions, the composition of hepatoma triglycerides at the 2
      position appeared normal.  The 3 position of hepatoma triglycerides contained
      significantly higher percentages of stearate than liver.  Data obtained
      previously for Ehrlich ascites cell triglycerides were in good agreement with
      this hepatoma. Data from these two neoplasms suggest that the metabolic system
      that regulates or controls the fatty acid composition at the 1 and 3 positions of
      normal tissue triglycerides does not function normally in neoplasms.

PMID- 167262
TI  - Inhibtion of diplopterol synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis by a
      hypocholesteremic compound.
AB  - The hypocholesteremic compound, 3beta-(beta-dimethylaminoethoxy)-androst-5-en-17
      one was earlier shown to inhibit the synthesis of tetrahymanol and two
      undentified lipids.  It now has been demonstrated that one of the unidentified
      compounds is diplopterol.

PMID- 167261
TI  - Biosynthesis and structure of glycosyl diglycerides, steryl glucosides, and
      acylated steryl glucosides.
AB  - A particulate enzyme fraction from Mycobacterim smegmatis catalyzed the transfer
      of -14C-glucose from the UDP--14C-glucose into neutral glycolipids.  The two
      major radioactive components were purified by column chromatography on O
      diethylamino ethyl cellulose (acetate) and thin layer chromatography on silica
      gel in several solvents.  The first product yielded a water-soluble component
      upon saponification, which had a hexoseglycerol ratio of 1:1 with all of the
      hexose being identified as glucose.  The second product yielded a water-soluble
      component upon saponification which contained hexose and glycerol in a 2:1 ratio
      and, in addition to glucose, contained lesser amounts of mannose and galactose. 
      Palmitate and oleate were the predominant fatty acids and were present in
      equimolar amounts.  The products thus have been identified as
      monoglycosyldiglyceride and diglycosyldiglyceride.  The diglycosyldiglyceride
      could also be labeled with -14C-galactose when UDP--14C-galactose served as the
      donor, but the monoglycosyldiglyceride was only slightly labeled with -14C
      galactose.  Membrane fractions from mung bean seedlings catalyzed the transfer of
      -14C-glucose from UDP--14C-glucose into a neutral glycolipid which has been
      purified by thin layer chromatography and analyzed by combined gas liquid
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.  It was determined to be a steryl glucoside
      with the two major sterol components being betasitosterol and stigmasterol linked
      to beta-D-glucose.  Particulate fractions from developing cotton fibers also
      catalyzed the formation of steryl glucosides and, in addition, they catalyzed the
      esterification of steryl glucosides at the 6 position of glucose with fatty acids
      (primarily palmitate and oleate) from an andogenous acyl donor.  Both the
      glucosyl transferase and the acyltransferase have been solubilized with Triton X
      100 and partially purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-200.  The
      acyltransferase activity was reconstituted by the addition of the steryl
      glucoside and a phospholipid acyl donor.

PMID- 167263
TI  - Effects of repeated endurance exercise on serum enzyme activities in well
      conditioned males.
AB  - Daily fluctuations in serum enzyme activities during distance running in 3 well
      conditioned males were measured for 8 consecutive days. During the study the
      exercise regimen comprised 8 mile runs on days 1, 2 and 5; a 10.5 mile run on day
      3; a 15 mile run on day 4 and resting on days 6-8. Heart rate, rectal
      temperature, hematocrit, plasma hemoglobin, creatine phosphokinase (CPK, glutamic
      oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),
      adenylate kinase (AK), and lactate and pyruvate were measured before and after
      exercise and during the resting days. Significant increases occurred in heart
      rate and rectal temperature with each run but were unrelated to enzyme levels.
      Pre-exercise CPK levels, 49 plus or minus 1 mIU/ml on day 1, rose progressively
      to 123 plus or minus 25 mIU/ml on day 5, and returned to initial control levels
      by day 8. Post-exercise CPK levels were significantly greater than pre-exercise
      levels on each running day but were unrelated to the severity of the exercise.
      LDH and AK levels did not significantly change with the exercise stress, but pre
      exercise AK levels in these trained males were higher than values in non-trained
      males (10-20 vs. 0-5 mIU/ml) (3). Post-exercise enzyme levels appeared unrelated
      to final heart rate, rectal temperature or plasma hemoglobin. These results
      suggest that (1) CPK, unlike the other enzymes studied, is a sensitive index of
      exercise stress in well-conditioned runners and (2) elevated CPK and AK levels in
      such runners represent physiologic responses. Appropriate caution should be used
      in making clinical judgements from these enzyme assays in trained individuals.

PMID- 167264
TI  - The bone marrow in multiple myeloma: correlation of plasma cell ultrastructure
      and clinical state.
AB  - The bone marrow plasma cells of 52 patients with various kinds of monoclonal
      gammopathies were studied by electron microscopy, and compared to the bone marrow
      plasma cells of 22 patients with reactive plasmacytosis. Virtually every marrow
      from patients with myeloma and macroglobulinemia contained plasma cells with
      disparity between the nuclear maturation and cytoplasmic differentiation. This
      asynchronous development was not present in plasma cells of reactive marrows nor
      in plasma cells from patients with megaloblastic anemias. The degree of
      asynchrony observed in myeloma and macroglobulinemia was proportional to the
      extent of disease as judged by clinical criteria. For the most part plasma cells
      of patients with non-myelomatous monoclonal gammopathy failed to exhibit
      significant asynchrony. These observations are consistent with the view that
      multiple myeloma is a neoplastic disorder with a definably malignant-appearing
      cellular proliferation.

PMID- 167265
TI  - Effects of insulin, tolbutamide, and glucagon on activities of jejunal
      carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in humans.
AB  - The activities of jejunal carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes show adaptive drugs,
      and sex hormones. To learn whether insulin, tolbutamide, and glucagon had effects
      on these enzymes, we performed serial peroral jejunal biopsies in normal young
      men and in obese patients, before and after treatment with these agents. Jejunal
      mucosa was assayed for glycolytic enzyme activities, pyruvate kinase (PK),
      hexokinase (HK), and fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (FDPA), and the
      nonglycolytic enzyme activity, fructose diphosphatase (FDPase). Insulin
      significantly increased the activity of jejunal PK (+48% change from control) and
      HK (+6%), decreased the activity of FDPase (-36%),and had no effect on FDPA.
      Glucagon had opposite effects; the activity of PK was decreased (-33%) and FDPase
      was increased (+50%). Tolbutamide significantly increased the activities of PK
      (+47%), HK (+14%), and FDPA (+7%), and decreased the activities of FDPase (-36%).
      The results of tolbutamide on glycolytic enzyme activities were independent of
      endogenous insulin. The data support the concept that jejunal carbohydrate
      metabolizing enzymes in man respond to hormones and drugs similar to responses
      observed in rat liver. This is important because it now gives us a means of
      studying the actions of these hormones directly in human tissue.

PMID- 167266
TI  - Apolipoproteins in human pregnancy.
AB  - Apolipoproteins are important in the structure and metabolism of lipoproteins,
      and alterations in levels of apoproteins or in their interrelations occur in some
      forms of hyperlipemia. Pregnancy is regularly accompanied by
      hyperlipoproteinemia, but while data on lipoprotein lipids is available, the
      apopipoproteins have not been studied. To characterize the lipemia of pregnancy
      more completely, we studied some of the apolipoproteins in plasmas of pregnancy
      women. Thirty-eight normal fasting women were studied between the 18th and 39th
      weeks of gestation and again 23 plus or minus 17 weeks after delivery. Eight
      additional women were sampled every 4-6 wk during the second and third trimesters
      of gestation. Plasma and lipoprotein lipids were assayed by standard procedures
      and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) was measured by radioimmunoassay. The interrelations
      of Apolipoprotein A (ApoA) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and of
      Apolipoprotein C (ApoC) in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were assessed by
      disc gel electrophoresis in four women during the last trimester of gestation and
      again 6-8 mo post partum and in four nongravid controls. Gestational
      triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) were elevated in 95% of the pregnant
      women. TG in lipoproteins rose progressively during gestation, with VLDL-TG
      rising the most. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL became enriched by TG
      relative to other components. Total-and VLDL-ApoB increased, while LDL-ApoB
      remained unchanged, resulting in a change in the density distribution of ApoB.
      (VLDL-ApoB X 100/total ApoB rose from 3.6% to 6.7%, P less than 0.02.) The
      accumulation of TG-rich LDL and the increases of VLDL-ApoB may be the result of
      changes in the rates of secretion or intravascular catabolism of VLDL. Which
      process is altered remains to be determined. The relative amounts of ApoC-II and
      ApoC-III in VLDL and the ApoA-I/ApoA-II ratios in HDL were unchanged in
      pregnancy. These results differ from those seen following high-carbohydrate
      diets.

PMID- 167267
TI  - Intestinal amoebiasis and amoebic liver abscess in Brisbane, 1956 to 1973.
      Clinical syndromes and the results of medical and surgical management.
AB  - Nineteen patients presented to teaching hospitals in Brisbane with symptomatic
      amoebiasis from 1965 to 1973. The majority of patients gave a history of overseas
      travel or residence. Intestinal amoebiasis most frequently occurred in its non
      dysenteric form, so that there were some problems in differentiating it from more
      commonly occurring forms of colitis. The potential for amoeboma to be mistaken
      for a neoplasm was evident. Amoebic liver abscess was confirmed in 10 cases and,
      in nine of these, the abscess was localized to the right lobe of the liver. A
      total colectomy had been performed in one case and an abdominoperineal resection
      of the rectum in another before hospital admission in Brisbane and confirmation
      of the diagnosis of amoebiasis. Five of the patients with amoebic liver abscess
      underwent laparotomy soon after admission because of upper abdominal symptoms and
      signs which resembled those of other surgical conditions. Although the indirect
      haemagglutination test was of considerable assistance in diagnosing amoebiasis,
      it was apparent that attention to detail in the collection and examination of
      faecal specimens remained of major importance. A trial of metronidazole, which is
      both effective and relatively safe, is advocated in cases of diagnostic
      difficulty, when amoebiasis is suspected but unproven, and when the adoption of
      an alternative diagnosis would lead to the initiation of less satisfactory drug
      therapy or involve otherwise unnecessary surgery.

PMID- 167268
TI  - Virus isolation and titration at 33 degrees and 37 degrees C.
AB  - Various prototype viruses and original specimens were comparatively titrated in
      cell cultures at 33 degrees and 37 degrees C. Higher titers at 37 degrees were
      consistently obtained with adenoviruses; for other viruses (enteroviruses,
      herpesvirus hominis, vaccinia virus, parainfluenza viruses) the titers were
      mostly identical at either temperature. Original specimens and prototye strains
      showed the same behavior. The habit to cultivate viruses from throat swabs at 33
      degrees C is unsatisfactory for adenoviruses.

PMID- 167269
TI  - False positive rubella virus haemagglutination inhibition reactions: occurrence
      and disclosure.
AB  - A floatation centrifugation procedure is described by which antibodies and non
      specific rubella virus haemagglutination inhibitors can be completely separated.
      Using this method it was shown that false positive reactions occur with the
      conventional pretreatments of sera for removing inhibitors, especially with the
      heparin-McCl2 procedure. Other methods for removal of inhibitors were examined in
      view of recent knowledge about the chemical nature of the inhibitors. Treatment
      with phospholipase C proved useful for disclosure of false positive reactions,
      while floatation centrifugation was the most sensitive method for demonstration
      of low antibody concentrations.

PMID- 167270
TI  - [Synovial sarcoma].

PMID- 167271
TI  - [Serum levels of the 3d and 4th complement factors in children with cytomegalic
      virus disease with predominantly hepatic involvement].

PMID- 167272
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinoma. A clinical and pathological study of 33 cases.

PMID- 167273
TI  - Prevalence of IBR-BVD-PI3 infections.

PMID- 167274
TI  - Blockade by ouabain or elevated potassium ion concentration of the adrenergic and
      adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate-induced stimulation of pineal serotonin N
      acetyltransferase activity.

PMID- 167275
TI  - Structurally specific effects of some steroid anesthetics on spin-labeled
      liposomes.

PMID- 167276
TI  - Prostaglandin E1: anomalous effects on glucose production in rat liver.

PMID- 167277
TI  - Barbiturate inhibition of calcium uptake by depolarized nerve terminals in vitro.

PMID- 167278
TI  - The effect of azide on the spectral and catalytic properties of ascorbate
      oxidase.
AB  - (1) 45% of the total copper of green zucchini ascorbate oxidase is EPR
      detectable. At least two species of copper are present, one with a small A
      parallel (Type 1) and one with a large A parallel (Type 2). Computer simulated
      spectra indicated 50% contribution by each type of copper. (2) Azide inhibited
      ascorbate oxidase activity by an uncompetitive mechanism. EPR and optical spectra
      performed on titration of ascorbate oxidase with azide indicated the formation of
      a copper-azide complex. The Type 2 copper appears to be the binding site of
      azide. The involvement of the EPR non-detectable copper as an anion binding site
      with high affinity toward azide can not be excluded.

PMID- 167279
TI  - Pleiotropic effects of a DNA adenine methylation mutation (dam-3) in Escherichia
      coli K12.
AB  - The dam-3 mutation results in a five-fold reduction in the number of 6-methyl
      adenine (6-meA) residues in the DNA of E. coli K12 or phage lambda. The DNA of
      phage fd appears to be devoid of 6-meA when propagated on dam-3 bacteria. The
      phenotypic differences between dam-3 and dam+ bacteria include: (i) increased
      free phage in lysogenic dam-3 cultures, (2) increased sensitivity to methyl
      methanesulfonate (MMS), (3) inviability of dam-3 lex-I strains, (4) lower
      molecular weight of DNA in dam-3 bacteria in the absence of DNA ligase and (5)
      increased rate of DNA degradation in dam-3 recA strains.

PMID- 167280
TI  - Mutagenicity testing with Salmonella typhimurium strains. II. The effect of
      unusual phenotypes on the mutagenic response.
AB  - The enhanced sensitivity of some Salmonella typhimurium strains to the mutagenic
      action of a number of chemicals appears to be due to the defect in the uvrB gene
      product and not to an inability to produce H-2-S or to the absence of formic acid
      hydrogenlyase which also characterizes these strains.

PMID- 167281
TI  - Passive immunisation of marmoset monkeys against neoplasia induced by a
      herpesvirus.

PMID- 167282
TI  - Differential heat response of normal and transformed human cells in tissue
      culture.

PMID- 167283
TI  - Oxygen control of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis in isolated mitochondria from
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 167284
TI  - Denaturation of polyoma DNA by phage T4 gene 32 protein.

PMID- 167286
TI  - Secretion of cyclic AMP induced by cyclic AMP in the cellular slime mould
      Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 167285
TI  - Control of cell-contact sites by cyclic AMP pulses in differentiating
      Dictyostelium cells.

PMID- 167287
TI  - Morphology and biochemistry of small, intensely fluorescent cells of sympathetic
      ganglia.

PMID- 167288
TI  - Incorporation of acetylcholinesterase into synaptic vesicles is associated with
      blockade of synaptic transmission.

PMID- 167289
TI  - IMP dehydrogenase, an enzyme linked with proliferation and malignancy.

PMID- 167290
TI  - E. coli membrane lipid alteration affecting T4 capsid morphogenesis.

PMID- 167291
TI  - Stimulation by cyclic GMP of lymphocytes mediated by soluble factor released from
      adherent cells.

PMID- 167292
TI  - Persistence of viral DNA in human cell cultures infected with human papilloma
      virus.

PMID- 167293
TI  - Comparative studies on the biological activities of cardiotoxin, melittin and
      prymnesin.
AB  - The actions of cardiotoxin (CTX), melittin and prymnesin were compared on dog
      erythrocytes, chicken biventer cervicis muscle, rabbit conjunctiva,
      acetylcholinesterase, succinate-cytochrome c reductase and turbidity of the rat
      liver mitochondrial suspension. 1. CTX and melittin were approximately equipotent
      in the various biological activities, while prymnesin was not. 2. The rate of
      direct ehmolysis induced by CTX was slow, while that induced by either melittin
      or prymnesin was fast. 3. Phosphate ions, 10mM Ca++, as well as 1 mM reduced
      glutathione, considerably inhibited the CTX-induced hemolysis, but only slightly
      inhibited that induced by melittin or prymnesin. 4. CTX, melittin and prymnesin
      caused contracture of the chicken biventer cervicis muscle. Prymnesin was much
      less active in this preparation as compared with its hemolytic potency. The CTX
      contracture was completely inhibited by high Ca++ (10mM) medium, while the
      melittin contracture was not. 5. The rate of CTX contracture to reach the peak
      tension was increased when the concentration of CTX was increased, while the rate
      of melittin contracture did not change very much as the concentrations varied. 6.
      All three toxins caused a local irritation of the conjunctival sac of the rabbit
      eye. 7. Both CTX and melittin inhibited acetylcholinesterase and succinate
      cytochrome c reductase activities, and also increased the turbidity of the rat
      liver mitochondrial suspension, while prymnesin was totally inactive in these
      respects. It is concluded that the mechanism of actions of these toxins may be
      different at the molecular level. The role of the detergent properties of these
      toxins in their biological activities is discussed.

PMID- 167294
TI  - The in vitro effects of vinblastine and vincristine on the responses of the
      guinea-pig vas deferens to nerve stimulation.
AB  - 1. Neither vinblastine nor vincristine (1x10-4M) appeared to cause a specific
      blockade of transmission through the guinea-pig hypogastric ganglion, since
      responses to preganglionic nerve trunk stimulation were lost no sooner than
      responses to postganglionic nerve trunk stimulation. 2. The responses to
      postganglionic nerve trunk stimulation were blocked by vinblastine or vincristine
      at a time when responses to stimulation of intramural nerve fibres were little
      affected. 3. The results do not support the suggestion that inhibition of the
      exocytotic release of transmitter is responsible for the early in vitro effects
      of these drugs.

PMID- 167295
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of drugs on alterations of neuronal impulse flow of a central
      cholinergic tract.

PMID- 167296
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of analgesics on excitation of afferent cardiac sympathetic
      nerve fibers during myocardial ischaemia and after intracardial injection of
      bradykinin.

PMID- 167297
TI  - Proceedings: Cyclic AMP and alterations in inotropic state in isolated guinea pig
      auricles.

PMID- 167298
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of isoprenaline and methoxamine on contractile force and on
      the cyclic 3', 5'-AMP level in the isolated rabbit papillary muscle.

PMID- 167299
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of arecoline on cGMP and cAMP levels of mice brains.

PMID- 167300
TI  - Proceedings: Rate of incorporation of 3H-adenine into cyclic AMP in the presence
      of various phosphodiesterase-inhibitors in brain cortical slices.

PMID- 167301
TI  - Proceedings: Differential effects of prostaglandin E and phenyisopropyl-adenosine
      on cAMP accumulation in intact adipocytes of rats and adenyl cyclase activity of
      adipocyte plasma membranes.

PMID- 167302
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of adenosine deaminase on cyclic AMP levels and lipolysis in
      human fat cells.

PMID- 167303
TI  - Proceedings: Regulation of glycosaminoglycan formation in fibroblasts: opposite
      effects of cyclic 3',5'-AMP and cyclic 3',5'-GMP.

PMID- 167304
TI  - Proceedings: Studies on the possibility of direct stimulation of lipolytic
      activity in lipid micelles by hormones.

PMID- 167305
TI  - Proceedings: Gastric mucosal protein biosynthesis in relation of cAMP levels and
      adenylate cyclase activity.

PMID- 167306
TI  - Proceedings: Relative potencies of sympathomimetic drugs on pre- and post
      synaptic adrenoceptors.

PMID- 167307
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of metiamide on the cAMP-system of gastric mucosa in the
      guinea pig.

PMID- 167308
TI  - Proceedings: Synthesis and action of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate in rat
      reticulocytes.

PMID- 167309
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of potassium- and veratridine-depolarization on the synthesis
      of cyclic AMP in the superior cervical ganglion.

PMID- 167310
TI  - Proceedings: Influence of angiotensin II and angiotensin II antagonist (P 113) in
      vitro on cell growth in 3T3 and virus transformed SV40 3T3 cells.

PMID- 167311
TI  - Proceedings: Participation of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome C reductase in the
      metabolism of rifampicin.

PMID- 167312
TI  - Proceedings: Substrate specificity of UDP-glucuronyltransferase in rat liver and
      in Morris hepatomas: studies on a connection with the monooxygenase-epoxide
      hydrase system.

PMID- 167313
TI  - Proceedings: Mechanism of the autocatalytic formation of ferrihemoglobin by 4
      bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide.

PMID- 167314
TI  - Proceedings: Capacity of mitochondrial fractions (rat embryo) to synthesize
      protein in vitro: use of chloramphenicol and cycloheximide as differentiating
      inhibitors.

PMID- 167315
TI  - [A node in the neck].

PMID- 167316
TI  - [Primary liver carcinoma as acute abdomen].

PMID- 167317
TI  - Ultrastructural changes accompanying the induced differentiation of clonal rat
      nerve and glia.
AB  - Dibutyryladenosine 3'-5' monophosphate (DBcAMP) induces ultrastructural
      transformations in clonal rat nerve and glia. Cells cultured in the presence of
      DBcAMP contain large numbers of aligned microtubules and microfilaments in their
      elongated processes, while control cultures without DBcAMP are relatively devoid
      of these structures. In addition, the cells exposed to DBcAMP contain 2000 A to
      6000 A vesicles which are not observed in control cells.

PMID- 167318
TI  - Neurochemical aspects of post-tetanic potentiation of monosynaptic reflexes in
      the cat spinal cord. I. Analysis of amino acids at maximum of potentiation.
AB  - In order to determine the chemical changes which might occur during post-tetanic
      potentiation, amino acids from the motor regions of the ventral horn of the
      spinal cord (potentiated and unpotentiated sides) of 10 different cats were
      analyzed. The intermittent tetanic stimulation of the Nn. gastroc. (only on the
      potentiated side) was carried out until a maximum of potentiation was reached (3-
      4 min). The monosynaptic reflexes were obtained from the ventral roots (L7 or S1)
      of both sides. The amino acids of the potentiated side were compared to those of
      the unpotentiated side (control) using a 14-C-dansyl chloride procedure. The two
      main amino acids considered to be excitatory neurotransmitters, glutamic acid and
      aspartic acid, showed a more than 20 per cent increase on the potentiated side as
      compared to the control side. Glycine, which plays an inhibitory role, especially
      in the spinal cord, reacted with 6 per cent decrease, whereas GABA which is also
      considered as an inhibitory neurotransmitter showed a change of + 11 per cent on
      the potentiated side as compared to the unpotentiated side. The importance of the
      potentiation time for those changes is pointed out.

PMID- 167319
TI  - The effect of pentobarbital on basal and ether-stimulated ACTH secretion in
      intact and adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - Pentobarbital in a dose of 3.5 mg/100 g b.w. did not suppress the high  basal
      a.m. levels of plasma ACTH in adrenalectomized male rats. In both intact and
      adrenalectomized rats prior administration of the drug slightly depressed the
      rise in plasma ACTH induced by 2.5 min of ether inhalation, but this depression
      is of questionable statistical significance.

PMID- 167320
TI  - Growth hormone effects on sleep and wakefulness in the rat.
AB  - The sleep-wakefulness pattern and brain protein levels were determined in rats
      for 3 h following these conditions: administration of an inhibitor of protein
      synthesis (anisomycin), administration of several doses of rat growth hormone
      (GH) or thyrotropin, and administration of a combination of anisomycin + GH or
      thyrotropin. Anisomycin inhibited sleep and increased wakefulness, GH increased
      REM sleep, and thyrotropin produced no change. The combined administration of GH
      and anisomycin returned sleep to control levels. Anisomycin produced a time
      dependent decrease in brain protein levels, GH produced changes in brain protein
      levels as compared to controls in the second hour only, and thyrotropin had no
      effect upon brain protein levels. The results are discussed in terms of the
      possible relationship between sleep and proteins.

PMID- 167321
TI  - Histoenzymic changes in the brain in a case of cardiac arrest.

PMID- 167322
TI  - [Immunogenic properties of human brain glioma antigens evaluated with rabbit sera
      by means of a complement fixation test].

PMID- 167324
TI  - Recent experiences with live adenovirus vaccines in navy recruits.

PMID- 167323
TI  - [Activity of cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase in rat brain
      mitochondria following trichlorfon and dichlorvos intoxication].

PMID- 167325
TI  - [Kimmerle's anomaly in the light of sympathetic and vertebro-basilar vascular
      pathology].

PMID- 167326
TI  - [Bilateral carcinoma of the breast].
AB  - Bilateral breast cancer is examined in the light of the literature data and a
      personal series. Lobular, asynchronous forms, either in situ or infiltrating, are
      usually involved. The fact that in situ changes are often found in the second
      neoplasia, with metastases solely in its tributary lymph nodes, suggests that
      such carcinoma was already present at the time of the first operation, though not
      clinically detectable. Since bilateral forms are commonly hormone-dependent,
      multiple biopsies should be routine on the contralateral breast. Preventive
      mastectomy associated with ovariectomy shold be performed on the slightest sign
      of carcinomatous or even precancerous alterations.

PMID- 167327
TI  - Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency--liver disease.

PMID- 167328
TI  - Protein-bound retinol or a retinol metabolite in urine.

PMID- 167329
TI  - Disseminated neonatal herpes simplex infection.

PMID- 167330
TI  - Studies of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal and thyroid relationships in rats with
      transplanted pituitaries.

PMID- 167331
TI  - Effects of variable hypothalamic deafferentation on pituitary-adrenal function.

PMID- 167332
TI  - Granular-cell myoblastoma of the floor of the mouth.

PMID- 167333
TI  - Carcinoma of the vulva.

PMID- 167334
TI  - Odontodysplasia. Report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Odontodysplasia is a rare developmental anomaly affecting the tooth structures in
      both deciduous and permanent dentitions. The enamel is thin and uneven in
      thickness, and the detinal tissue surrounds very large pulp chambers. Denticles
      are present in the pulp organ. The maxilla is involved twice as frequently as the
      mandible. Most of the affected teeth are in the anterior segments; however, all
      other teeth can be affected. The cause is unknown. Because of the tendency of the
      affected teeth to develop abscesses, the most common treatment is extraction. Two
      additional cases are reported, and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 167335
TI  - [Cytologic and cytochemical characteristics of certain cystic processes of the
      bones in children].

PMID- 167336
TI  - [Surgical treatment of primary liver cancer.  A case of successful left
      hemihepatectomy].

PMID- 167337
TI  - [Spontaneous liver rupture in tumors].

PMID- 167338
TI  - [Poland's syndrome].

PMID- 167339
TI  - [Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis in an adult].

PMID- 167340
TI  - [Advanced otic glomus tumors].

PMID- 167341
TI  - [Management of extensive angiofibroma].

PMID- 167342
TI  - [Changes in the muscle fiber induced by p-phenylenediamine in the rat].
AB  - P-phenylenediamine (PPD) induces skeletal muscle lesions in rats which have been
      chosen as a model for investigation of the inflammatory and degenerative pattern
      of the muscle fibers. With the use of histochemical and ultrastructural criteria,
      the morphology of the lesions have been analysed in the diaphragm. Fifteen
      minutes after the induction by PPD, a subsarclemmal oedema can be shown by
      electron microscopy. Enzymatic changes appear during the first hour. The
      pathologic features are more prominent after twenty-four hours. The lesions are
      characterized by a segmental necrosis adjacent to unaltered fibers and by
      particular types of fibers such as target, snake coils, core fiber. A comparison
      between the lesions induced by PPD and those occurring during other types of
      myopathies has been made.

PMID- 167343
TI  - A child grows. Part I.

PMID- 167344
TI  - [Possibility of detectable small hepatoma by the direct serial magnification
      hepatic angiography (author's transl)].

PMID- 167346
TI  - [Radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis following radiotherapy of lung cancer
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 167345
TI  - [Comparitive study on bone scintigrams with Tc-99m-labeled pyro-phosphate and F
      18 (author's transl)].

PMID- 167347
TI  - Proper utilization of the nursing process in home health agencies and community
      health services.

PMID- 167348
TI  - [Gram negative bacillus septicemias. Results of treatment of 31 gram negative
      bacillus septicemias using intravenous nalidixic acid].
AB  - Enterobacteria multiresistant to usual antibiotics, often remain sensitive to
      nalidixic acid, sometimes as a result of synergy with polymixins. Use of the
      intravenous route makes it possible to obtain more than adequate serum levels.
      Pharmacological study has indicated appropriate doses in terms of renal function.
      Intravenous nalidixic acid has been used in the treatment of 31 cases of Gram
      negative septicaemia, with success in 22. These results are all the more
      significant given that the patients were all seriously ill, cultures having grown
      multiresistant organisms and that nalidixic acid was used only after other
      antibiotics had failed.

PMID- 167349
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of oligonucleotides of defined sequence. Addition of short
      blocks of nucleotide residues to oligonucleotide primers.
AB  - Polynucleotide phosphorylase from Escherichia coli can be used to catalyse the
      addition of short tracts of deoxyadenylate residues to the 3'-termini of
      deoxyribooligonucleotides of the type pdAn-dN (where dN = dC, dT or dG) using
      dADP as donor. Similarly, the enzyme can also be used to catalyse the addition of
      short tracts of adenylate residues to the 3'-termini of ribooligonucleotides of
      the type An-N (where N = C, U or G) using ADP as donor. In the
      ribooligonucleotide series, phosphorolytic cleavage of the primer
      oligonucleotides is significant and results in the concommitant production of
      oligoadenylates lacking the N residue. Oligomers of the same length, with and
      without the residue N, were readily separated by thermal elution from cellulose
      pdT9 columns. This latter procedure therefore provides a simple method for
      purification of the oligoadenylates containing an internal base substitution and
      it also provides a convenient assay for oligonucleotide phosphorolysis.

PMID- 167350
TI  - Solid support synthesis of oligothymidylates using phosphorochloridates and 1
      alkylimidazoles.
AB  - A study of the synthesis of oligothymidylates via phosphotriester intermediates
      on a polystyrene support is described. The sequence involves condensation of a
      phenyl nucleoside-3' -phosphorochloridate with the 5'-hydroxyl group of the
      carrier bound oligonucleotide derivative in the presence of 1-methylimidazole.
      Conditions for preparation of the phenyl nucleo-side phosphorochloridate as well
      as for the condensation on the support are discussed. d-TpTpTpT was obtained in
      31% overall yield from carrier bound thymidine in one series of experiments, and
      d-TpTpTpTpT was obtained in 9% yield in another. The cycle for addition of one
      nucleotide unit can be completed in about six hours.

PMID- 167351
TI  - The 3' terminal oligonucleotide of E. coli 16S ribosomal RNA: the sequence in
      both wild-type and RNase iii- cells is complementary to the polypurine tracts
      common to mRNA initiator regions.
AB  - Application of Sanger techniques to the analysis of the 3' terminal
      oligonucleotide from E. coli 32-P-labelled 16 S rRNA yields the sequence
      AUCACCUCCUUAOH. This sequence is identical in RNA isolated from two wild-type
      strains (MRE600 and E. coli B, SY106) and from a mutant strain (AB301/105)
      defective in RNase III. Data presented here explains the previous derivation of
      an incorrect sequence (AUCCUCACUUCAOH) by others. The functional significance of
      complementarity between the 3' terminus of 16S rRNA and poly-purine tracts
      commonly found in mRNA initiator regions is discussed.

PMID- 167352
TI  - Specifity of DNA-basic polypeptide interactions. Influence of neutral residues
      incorporated into polylysine and polyarginine.
AB  - An approach is described for evaluation of the specificity of basic polypeptides
      concerning the base pair composition of DNA. The polypeptides were covalently
      bound to CNBr activated agarose and two DNAs strongly different in base
      composition but of equal molecular weight were loaded and detached by a NaCl
      gradient. The difference in the NaCl concerntrations between the elution maxima
      of the two DNAs was taken as a measure for the recognition specificity. The
      results obtained confirmed the known AT- und GC-specificity of polylysine and
      polyarginine, respectively. Neutral residues incorporated into polylysine
      generally reduce the interaction affinity and also the AT-specificity of their
      host. This behavior is very pronounced with three homogeneous fractions of
      clupeine containing about one third of neutral aliphatic amino acids within
      clusters of arginine; the base pair specificity of these arginine copolymers was
      found to be practically nil.

PMID- 167353
TI  - Repair methylation of parental DNA in synchronized cultures of Novikoff hepatoma
      cells.
AB  - Parental and filial DNA strands were isolated from a Novikoff rat hepatoma cell
      line, synchronized by S-phase arrest with excess thymidine, that had completed up
      to one round of DNA replication in the presence of (14-C-methyl)methionine and (6
      3-H) bromodeoxyuridine. Both strands were methylated, the proportion of total
      methyl label in parental DNA increasing slightly with time in S-phase. The
      studies were repeated with (14-C-methyl)methionine and (3-H)deoxycytidine to
      determine if parental methylation occurred on extant or repair-inserted cytosine
      residues. Both (14-C) and (3-H) were found in parental DNA. The (14-C)/(3-H)
      ration of parental DNA-5-methylcytosine was about twice that in filial DNA while
      the (3-H) data showed twice the concentration of 5-methylcytosine in parental
      compared to filial DNA. Thus parental methylation occurred on repair-inserted
      cytosine residues and resulted in overmethylation. That the DNA damage and repair
      was due to 5-phase arrest was shown by repeating the studies using a sequential
      mitotic-G1 arrest method. With this method little (14-C) or (3-H) was found in
      parental DNA. We conclude that S-phase arrest leads to DNA damage and repair with
      subsequent overmethylation of repair-inserted cytosines; that sequential mitotic
      G1 arrest minimizes DNA damage; and, that the latter technique, suitable for
      synchronization of large quantities of cells, may prove useful in relatively
      artifact-free studies of eukaryotic DNA replication.

PMID- 167354
TI  - Determination of the sequences of 18 nucleotides from the 5'-end of the 1-strand
      and 15 nucleotides from the 5'-end of the r-strand of T7 DNA.
AB  - The sequences of 18 nucleotides from the 5'-end of the 1-strand and 15
      nucleotides from the 5'-end of the r-strand of T7 bacteriophage DNA have been
      determined to be pT-C-T-C-A-C-A-G-T-G-T-A-C-G-T-C-C-C (1-strand) and pA-G-G-G-A-C
      A-C-A-G-C-G-C-T-C (r-strand). The 5'-termini of whole DNA or separated strands
      were kinased using polynucleotide kinase and (gamma-32-P) rATP. The DNA was
      partially digested with pancreatic DNase and the fragments were separated by two
      dimensional electrophoresis and homochromatography. To complete the sequence,
      snake venom phosphodiesterase digestions of these fragments were carried out. The
      relationship of these sequences to the proposed cleavage of concatemeric DNA
      during DNA replication is discussed.

PMID- 167355
TI  - The determination of secondary structure in the poly(C) tract of
      encephalomyocarditis virus RNA with sodium bisulphite.
AB  - The degree of secondary structure in the poly(C) tract of encephalomyocarditis
      virus (EMCV) RNA has been investigated using sodium bisulphite, which brings
      about the hydrolysis of non-base-paired cytidylic acid to uridylic acid in RNA.
      The percentage conversion of C to U in the poly(C) region of native EMCV RNA was
      similar to that found in a synthetic polynucleotide lacking secondary structure
      [poly(C)]. When poly(I) was annealed to either native or denatured EMCV RNA, it
      protected the poly(C) tract from the action of bisulphite. It is concluded that
      the poly(C) tract of EMCV RNA in solution is very largely single-stranded.

PMID- 167357
TI  - The modified nucleosides of tRNAs. II. Synthesis of 2'-O-methylcytidylyl (3'-5')
      cytidine.
AB  - The synthesis of 2'-O-methylcytidylyl (3'-5')cytidine by the triester method
      using as protecting groups, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl for phosphate hydroxyl group, p
      chlorophenyoxyacetyl for 5-hydroxyl group, methoxymethylidene for 2',3'-cis-diol
      system, and benzoyl for the exo-amino group of cytidine is presented. The
      obtained product was characterised by UV, electrophoresis, chromatography and an
      enzymatic digestion.

PMID- 167356
TI  - Differentiation between exonucleases and endonucleases and between haplotomic and
      diplotomic endonucleases using 3-h-dna-coated wells of plastic depression plates
      as substrate.
AB  - Using our new method for assaying DNases with radioactively labeled DNA bound to
      wells of plastic depression plates as substrate, we could distinguish between
      endonucleases and exonucleases and between haplotomic and diplotomic
      endonucleases. Oligonucleotides smaller than 30 detach from the DNA binding sites
      of the well into the reaction mixture. Thus, a lag period was evident before
      endonucleases produced small soluble oligonucleotides, while exonucleases
      released mononucleotides or short oligonucleotides without any lag period.
      Haplotomic and diplotomic endonucleases were detected because of the different
      rates in which they produce small soluble oligonucleotides which were expressed
      in different lag periods. Under conditions in which the haplotomic DNase 1
      changes its mode of action to become a diplotomic enzyme, the shift was clearly
      detected by a change in the lag period in the well assay.

PMID- 167358
TI  - How drugs act-8. Adrenocortical steroids.

PMID- 167359
TI  - [Radiologic pattern of malignant synovioma].

PMID- 167360
TI  - [Effect of calcitonin on digestive tract hormones].

PMID- 167361
TI  - [Histoenzymatic studies of the adaptation process of villi in the remaining
      segment of the small intestine following extensive resection].

PMID- 167362
TI  - Healthy and diseased gingiva.

PMID- 167363
TI  - Hormone-producing tumours of the pancreas.

PMID- 167364
TI  - [Carcinoma of the breast in the male. Clinicopathological study of 10 cases].
AB  - The carcinoma of the male breast is a rare lesion, being aproximatelly 100 times
      less frequent than in women. Of 1930 cases of mammary cancer seen at the Hospital
      of Oncology of the National Medical Center, I.M.S.S. during a period of 10 years
      we found 10 histologically proved cases of carcinoma of the male breast. Their
      microscopic appearence was that of an invasive ductal carcinoma. The surgical
      treatment consisted in radical mastectomy on six patients, supermastectomy is one
      case and simple mastectomy in other. Two patients received radio and
      chemotherapy. In three patients bilateral orchiectomy was done and in other two
      cases a bilateral adrenalectomy was performed. The results of the review of these
      cases are compared with other previously reported.

PMID- 167365
TI  - Structural and compositional changes attending the ultracentrifugation of very
      low density lipoproteins.
AB  - The effects of repetitive ultracentrifugation on the physical and chemical
      properties of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were investigated. VLDL
      recentrifuged one to seven times were characterized by chemical analyses,
      analytical ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy. The VLDL content of
      triglyceride was increased and the proportion of phospholipid decreased by
      ultracentrifugation. Recentrifugation of VLDL decreased the number of Sf-o 20-100
      particles and generated particles of Sf-o greater than 400. The bulk of the
      material removed from VLDL by ultracentrifugation was lipoprotein having pre-beta
      mobility on paper electrophoresis, flotation rates of Sf-o 10-100 and a particle
      size of 300-400 A-O. Two ultracentrifugations separated an average of 14% of the
      starting VLDL protein. Characterization of the apoproteins in this material by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel chromatography, immunoprecipitation and
      amino acid analysis demonstrated a relatively high proportion of beta-apoprotein
      and relatively little C-apoproteins.

PMID- 167366
TI  - [Metabolism of progesterone].

PMID- 167367
TI  - [Some aspects of the histoenzymology of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal
      neurosecretory system].

PMID- 167368
TI  - [Experience in the use of competitive binding of hormones with proteins for the
      determination of non-metabolized glucocorticoids in the blood and urine in some
      pituitary-adrenal diseases].
AB  - A method of competitive protein-binding analysis was applied to the study of
      nonmetabolized glucocorticoids (NMG) in the plasma and urine of healthy persons
      and those suffering from hyper- and hypocorticism.  NMG determination by this
      method reflected adequately the funcitonal condition of the adrenal cortex under
      normal conditions and in hypophyseo-adrenal diseases, including tests with ACTH
      and dexametazan, and coordinated with the results obtained by standard chemical
      methods.

PMID- 167369
TI  - [Estradiol receptors in the sex organs and some other organs of male rats].
AB  - A study was made of specific binding of estradiol (E2) by cytosol and the
      extracts of the nuclei of the testes, the prostate, the kidneys and the liver of
      the sexually-mature male rats. In the cytosol of all the mentioned organs there
      were found macromolecules with a high affinity (Kac similar 1--4-10(9)M(-1)). Low
      capacity ti the hormone (Nc similar to (1--2)--minus 14 mol per 1 mg of protein)
      and a marked hormonal sterospecificity--only the preparations with an estrogenic
      activity, but not testosterone, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, progesterone and
      corticosterone competed for H-3--E2 binding. The capacity of cytosol of these
      organs to bind E2 apecifically was eliminated by pronase, but not by RNA-ase and
      DNA-ase. The mentioned properties of the E2-binding macromolecules of cytosol of
      the testes, the prostate, the kidneys and the liver permitted to refer them to
      the estrogenic protein-receptors. Specific E2-binding was also revealed in the
      extracts of the nuclei of these organs, but its level was extremely low.

PMID- 167370
TI  - [Effect of ACTH, TTH, and STH on respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in the
      liver of hypophysectomized rats].
AB  - An experimental study was make of the changes in respiration and of the oxidative
      phosphorylation in the hepatic mitochondria of the hypophysectomized albino rats,
      with consideration to the regulatory effects of the ACTH, TTH, and STH.  There
      was an intensification of the conjugation of the oxidative and of the
      phosphorylation processes in the mitochondria of the liver of hypophysectomized
      albino rats as a result of ACTH replacement therapy in a dose of 3 Units per 100
      g of weight.  TTH given in a dose of 0.03 IU per 100 g of weight under conditions
      of hypophysectomy stimulated oxidation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid in the
      mitochondria of the liver of albino rats; phosphorylation remained reduced, i.e.
      there was seen a dissociation of the process of oxidative phosphorylation.  As a
      result of replacement therapy with the STH given in a dose of 10 gamma per 100 g
      of weight the energy metabolism in the liver of hypophysectomized albino rats
      changed in the direction of an increase in the P/O coefficient of the hepatic
      mitochondria.  ACTH, TTH, and STH were given from the 15th to the 21st days after
      hypophysectomy, twice a day, subcutaneously.

PMID- 167371
TI  - [Reactivity of the adrenals to ACTH in rats with alloxan diabetes].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on rats. A study was made of the adrenal gland ACTH
      reactivity under conditions of alloxan diabetes. The function of the adrenal
      gland increased one month after the administration of alloxan; this was indicated
      by an increase of their absolute and relative weight, by an elevation of the
      corticosterone content in the peripheral blood and the glands proper. ACTH
      stimulated the adrenal gland function in rats with an intact pancreas, increasing
      the weight of the adrenal glands, the level of corticosterones in the blood and
      the adrenal glands. ACTH reactivity proved to be lowered in rats with alloxan
      diabetes. The blood corticosterone level increased in them less and changes in
      the weight of the glands and of the hormone concentration in them proved to be
      statistically insignificant.

PMID- 167372
TI  - Sorption of carbon dioxide and ammonia by zeolites containing univalent and
      trivalent cations.

PMID- 167373
TI  - Serum prolactin levels and prolactin binding activity in adrenals and kidneys of
      male rats after dehydration, salt loading, and unilateral nephrectomy.
AB  - Serum prolactin (PRL) levels and PRL binding activity in microsomal membranes
      from kidneys and adrenals were measured in control, water-deprived, unilaterally
      nephrectomized, and salt-loaded male rats. Unilateral nephrectomy and water
      deprivation increased serum prolactin levels significantly. Unilateral
      nephrectomy did not alter PRL binding activity in the kidneys, but significantly
      increased it in the adrenal glands. Salt loading had no effect on serum prolactin
      levels or PRL binding in the kidneys; but significantly increased PRL binding in
      the adrenal glands. Inhibition curves and tests of cross reactivity with LH, FSH,
      TSH, and GH showed that binding of PRL to its receptors in the kidneys and
      adrenals was specific. These observations suggest that PRL has a role in salt and
      water metabolism and that PRL receptors in the kidney and adrenals participate in
      this regulatory system.

PMID- 167374
TI  - Inhibition by levamisole of metastases by cells transformed by herpes simplex
      virus type I.
AB  - Levamisole was tested to determine whether the drug could reduce metastases by
      HSV-1-transformed cells in a model hamster system. The results presented reveal
      an inhibition of metastases to the lungs even when the drug is inoculated after
      development of subcutaneous tumors at the site of inoculation of the cells.

PMID- 167377
TI  - Inhibitory effect of prolactin on the development of fatty liver induced by ACTH
      in thrat.
AB  - The action and interaction of ACTH and prolactin in the development of fatty
      liver were investigated in intact rats treated with exogenous hormones.
      Administration of ACTH or of combinations of ACTH and GH to intact female rats
      was found to elicit significantly greater increase in liver total lipids content
      and concentration than administration of combinations of ACTH, or ACTH and GH,
      with prolactin. In addition, the results support the data reported by Bates et
      al. (6) that simultaneous application of GH, prolactin and ACTH reduces the effct
      of ACTH, upon adrenal gland weight.

PMID- 167376
TI  - Specific immune adherence assay for human hepatitis A antibody application to
      diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations.
AB  - A specific immune adherence (IA) test for hepatitis A antibody in human serum was
      described employing liver extract of marmosets infected with CR326 strain human
      hepatitis A virus. Persons with hepatitis A, but not hepatitis B, developed
      hepatitis A IA antibody soon after onset of the acute illness and this persisted
      thereafter. There was very close agreement in the tests for human hepatitis A
      immune adherence, complement fixing (CF) and neutralizing antibodies. IA
      antibodies appeared to develop somewhat later than CF or neutralizing antibody. A
      limited epidemiologic study of a family outbreak of hepatitis A and B in Costa
      Rica showed simultaneous occurrence of the two diseases and was supportive of the
      concept that susceptible persons in a country with high hepatitis A prevalence
      generally acquire their infections at an early age and are immune thereafter.
      Most persons of high socioeconomic level in an area of low hepatitis A incidence
      may proceed to adulthood without experience with hepatitis A. Person of low
      socioeconomic level, however, such as commercial blood bank donors and prisoners,
      show high incidence of hepatitis A antibody. Hepatitis IA and CF antibodies
      persisted in human subjects for at least 7 hr after hepatitis A virus infection.
      Captive chimpanzees and grivet and rhesus monkeys, not given hepatitis A virus,
      showed evidence of previous experience with human hepatitis A or an antigenically
      related virus based on tests for hepatitis A antibody. Other subhuman primates,
      rodents, and swine, not given hepatitis A virus, were without hepatitis A
      antibody. The IA test provides an excellent tool for diagnostic and epidemiologic
      investigations of hepatitis A and should be of considerable value to detect
      hepatitis A virus in attempts to propagate the virus in cell culture. There was
      considerable difference in hepatitis A IA antibody content of different lots of
      commercial human immune globulin, though the majority titered 1:4000 or 1:8000.

PMID- 167378
TI  - Protection of A/He mice by a Friend virus pseudotype against challenge with
      Friend virus.
AB  - Prior inoculation of 7-wk-old A/He mice with the Graffi pseudotype of Friend
      virus protected the animals against subsequent challenge with Friend virus.
      Graffi leukemia virus itself did not induce protection, probably because it
      failed to replicate in these mice.

PMID- 167375
TI  - Follicle stimulating hormone stimulation of 125-I-human chorionic gonadotropin
      binding in porcine granulosa cell cultures.
AB  - In order to see if FSH acts directly upon the granulosa cell to stimulate hCG
      binding, granulosa cells harvested from small 1-2 mm porcine follicles were grown
      in 250 ml flasks in chemically defined media containing 0.05 mug/ml highly
      purified human FSH for 2, 4, and 6 days. The defined medium consisted of culture
      medium 199 plus 0.4% bovine serum albumin, 0.2% lactalbumin hydrolysate and 10
      munit/ml insulin. The cultures were harvested by scraping with a rubber policeman
      and incubated with 0.1 mug/ml 131-I- or 125-I-hCG. Binding expressed as
      cpm/culture or per mg protein yielded similar results. In five separate
      experiments addition of FSH stimulated hCG binding two- to fourfold above control
      cultures. In a typical experiment after 2 days of culture, the specific binding
      of control cultures to hCG was 962 plus or minus 45 cpm/culture (-x plus or minus
      SE; n = 3) and the binding in cultures grown in the presence of 0.05 mug/ml FSH
      was 3933 plus or minus 1787 (n = 3; P less than 0.01). Granulosa cells harvested
      from large (8-12 mm) follicles grown under similar conditions bound 29,669 plus
      or minus 948 cpm/culture (n = 4). These data demonstrate that FSH may have a
      direct stimulatory role upon induction of granulosa cell LH-hCG receptors in
      vitro.

PMID- 167379
TI  - Rubella and rheumatoid arthritis: hyaluronic acid and susceptibility of cultured
      rheumatoid synovial cells to viruses.
AB  - Synovial cell lines were established from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      and from normal human embryos. High levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) were produced
      by some RA cell lines, some of which were partially or completely resistant to
      infection with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV),
      and rubella virus (RV). Normal fetal synovial cells lines were susceptible to
      NDV, VSV, and RV. Infection with virus became possible after treatment of RA
      cells with hyaluronidase to depolymerize HA, and HA prevented infection of normal
      synovial cells with VSV. These results provide evidence that HA and not chronic
      or latent viral infection is responsible for the lack of susceptibility of RA
      synovial cells to certain viruses.

PMID- 167380
TI  - Specific adenosine binding proteins from rat liver.
AB  - Specific adenosine-binding proteins from homogenates of rat liver have been
      fractionated on a DEAE-cellulose column. Three major peaks have been identified
      with respect to histone phosphokinase and cAMP and adenosine-binding activities.
      Peak I contains only histone phosphokinase activity not stimulated by cAMP. Peak
      II contains histone phosphokinase slightly stimulated by cAMP. Both cAMP- and
      adenosine-binding activities are found in this fraction. The major adenosine
      binding protein is associated with Peak III. Histone phosphokinase in Peak III
      which also binds cAMP is stimulated 2-fold by 2.5 muM cAMP whereas adenosine at
      2.5 X 10(-4)M inhibits these enzymes equally well in each of three peaks. The
      specificity of adenosine binding is discussed.

PMID- 167381
TI  - Differences and similarities between guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate
      phosphodiesterase and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase
      activities in neuroblastoma cells in culture.
AB  - There are phosphodiesterase activities in both particulate and supernatant
      fractions which hydrolyze guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and
      adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) with an apparent Km of 2-8 muM and
      with an apparent Km of 44-222 muM. 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl-2-imidazolidinone
      (RO20-1724) did not inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase activity in homogenates of
      mouse neuroblastoma cells, but markedly inhibited cAMP phosphodiesterase
      activity. Papaverine and theophylline inhibited both cGMP and cAMP
      phosphodiesterase activities to about the same extent. The former was more potent
      than the latter. The specific activity of cGMP phosphodiesterase as a function of
      protein concentrations first increased and then decreased. The specific activity
      of cAMP phosphodiesterase decreased under a similar experimental condition.

PMID- 167382
TI  - Quantitative histochemical study of a vitamin E analog on rat gastric cyclic AMP.
AB  - The vitamin E analog, 2,2,7,8-tetramethyl-5,6-orthoquinonechroman, unlike vitamin
      E itself, had been reported to be a potent inhibitor of beef liver cyclic AMP-PDE
      in vitro (about 3.5 times more inhibitory than theophylline under the same
      conditions). In this in vivo study, single intraperitoneal injections were given
      to fasted rats, 15 min before killing, of a solution of 20, and of a suspension
      of 130, mg analog/kg in 4% ethanol. No significant increases over the 4% ethanol
      control values in cyclic AMP levels were produced in any of the histological
      regions of the glandular stomach. However, injection of the 4% ethanol itself
      produced a rise of about 50% (peak value 4.1 pmoles/mg wet wt, 0.16 pmoles/mug
      protein-nitrogen) in the cyclic AMP concentrations in the parietal cell region
      and had no significant effect in any of the other histological zones where the
      concentrations were much lower.

PMID- 167383
TI  - Concerning the relationship between protein synthesis and adenosine-3',5'-cyclic
      phosphate-stimulated steroidogenesis in isolated rat adrenal cells.
AB  - Inhibitors of protein synthesis decrease protein synthesis in isolated rat
      adrenal cells to a greater extent than they decrease adenosine-3',5'-cyclic
      phosphate (cyclic AMP)-stimulated steroidogenesis. At low concentrations of the
      inhibitors, varying degrees of recovery of the rate of steroidogenesis occurs
      with increasing time of incubation. As the concentration is increased, the time
      required to achieve any recovery of the rate of steroidogenesis increases and the
      extent of recovery decreases. The recovery also depends on the amount of cyclic
      AMP present. During the process of recovery the inhibition of protein synthesis
      continues in a linear manner. An explanation consistent with these data involves
      a rapidly turningover protein, the concentration of which is independent of the
      level of cyclic AMP present. However, the extent of transformation of this
      protein to an active form depends on the concentration of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 167384
TI  - Effects of steroid hormones on replication of murine sarcoma virus in mouse
      embryo cultures.
AB  - The androgenic steroid hormone, testosterone, inhibited focus formation by the
      murine Moloney sarcoma virus in mouse embryo cells. The inhibition of focus
      formation was enhanced by cyclic AMP. Although focus formation was inhibited,
      there was no inhibition of viral replication. The glucogenic adrenal
      corticosteroids, cortisol and dexamethasone, and 17-beta-estradiol and
      progesterone did not affect focus formation by MuSV(M).

PMID- 167385
TI  - Steroidogenic effect of adenosine in the rat.

PMID- 167386
TI  - Anti-phosphodiesterase activity of the coronary dilating agent hydrochloride
      carbocromene.

PMID- 167387
TI  - [Adsorption properties of colloidal silicic acids toward homologous polyethylene
      glycols and polyethylene glycol derivatives. 2. effect of water structure changes
      on the limiting surface reactions].

PMID- 167388
TI  - [A glucomannan in the tubers of arum maculatum l].

PMID- 167389
TI  - The development of superficial infraslow potential oscillations of the brain in
      chick embryos.
AB  - The development of superficial infraslow potential oscillations (ISPO) of brain
      hemispheres, cerebellum and optic lobes was studied in chick embryos between day
      9 and 21 of incubation. The ISPO were firstly registered in brain hemispheres at
      day 10 of incubation, i.e. 5 days before the onset of spontaneous EEG activity.
      The ISPO in 10-day-old embryos had an average frequency of 9.9 c/min and an
      amplitude of 0.14 mV. During further development till hatching the frequency
      decreased to 7.5 c/min and the amplitude increased to 1.39 mV. Similar ISPO with
      the same developmental trend were also registered from the surface of the
      cerebellum and optic lobes. Superficial ISPO were not synchronized either between
      both hemispheres or between different fields of the same hemisphere.

PMID- 167390
TI  - Functional differentiation of splanchnic A delta fibres in relation to
      viscerosomatic reflexes.
AB  - The splanchnic afferent signal in the myelinated fibre spectrum was analysed in
      cats and its relationship to viscerosomatic reflex activity was studied. In
      addition to Abeta and Adelta components, a further elevation was observed in the
      sympathetic chain neurogram. According to the conduction rate (15 plus or minus 4
      m/sec), it was caused by myelinated fibres 2-3 mu in diameter. The presence of
      this component at thoracic dorsal root level, or in the sympathetic chain in
      stimulation of the postganglionic part of the nerve trunk, confirmed the afferent
      nature of the observed activity. The threshold stimulus for these fibres, which
      were termed group Adelta2, was four times higher than for Abeta fibres.
      Correlation of the neurogram with evoked activity in the intercostal nerves
      confirmed the different functional role of group Adelta2 fibres. Adelta2 fibre
      activity evokes the early component of the two-component viscerosomatic discharge
      and Adelta2 fibre activity its later component. The authors discuss the
      functional significance of Adelta2 fibres, which probably mediate nociceptive
      information from the viscera.

PMID- 167391
TI  - Relationship between the activity of postsynaptic spinal cord elements and
      propriospinal and spino-bulbo-spinal reflexes.
AB  - The relationship between the activity of the lumbar spinal interneurones and
      propriospinal (PS) and spino-bulbo-spinal (SBS) efferent reflex responses evoked
      by somatic (muscle, skin) and splanchnic nerve stimulation was studied in
      chloralose-anaestetized adult cats. During stimulation of one somatic nerve, the
      postsynaptic cord elements could be divided into three groups, according to
      whether their activity was was synchronous with the PS component of the efferent
      discharge (PS group), with the SBS component (SBS group) or with both (PS-SBS
      group). Group SBS and PS-SBS interneurones were localized in the ventral quadrant
      of the grey matter. On stimulation of different nerves, the same interneurone
      could in one case respond synchronously with the PS component of the efferent
      discharge and in another with the SBS component. The membrane of units which did
      not generate propagated spike potentials during PS or SBS reflex activity was
      hyperpolarized in this period, or failed to display changes characteristic for
      postsynaptic inhibition. Convergence of somatic and visceral afferentation was
      observed in all three groups of postsynaptic elements. In type PS-SBS and SBS
      units it was massive (occurring in 85% and 100% of the cases respectively). The
      results confirmed the intimacy of functional contact of PS and SBS systems
      activated by somatic and visceral afferents.

PMID- 167393
TI  - Kaposi's varicelliform eruption complicating local facial trauma. Case report.
AB  - A patient who had facial lacerations and then developed Kaposi's varicelliform
      eruption is reported. Presently, there is no specific therapy for this disease.

PMID- 167392
TI  - Nonspecific collagenolytic activity of the femoral bone in immobilized rat
      extremities.
AB  - Nonspecific collagenolytic activity was studied in rat bones after
      immobilization. The left hind limb was immobilized by sectioning the sciatic
      nerve. Enzyme activity was determined by using synthetic pentapeptide substrate
      (Pz-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-D-Arg). After immobilization the activity of nonspecific
      collagenase increased and reached its maximum on the third day after the
      operation. The activity was decreased after one week and attained levels of
      control  bones three weeks after sciatic nerve section.

PMID- 167394
TI  - Letter: The rare, inexorable, lethal benign mixed tumor of the parotid.

PMID- 167395
TI  - Effects of ACTH dexamethasone and deoxycorticosterone on aversive threshold of
      rats.

PMID- 167396
TI  - L-Histidine: failure to affect the sleep-waking cycle in man.
AB  - L-Histidine was administered to three patients with intractable narcolepsy (20
      g/day for 2 weeks), to 4 normal volunteers (32.4 g/day for 5 days), and to a
      patient with progressive systemic sclerosis (48.6 g/day for 16 days). No effect
      was observed on noctural EEG sleep patterns in any of the subjects or on the
      symptoms of the patients with narcolepsy. These results fail to support the
      hypothesis that histamine is a waking factor.

PMID- 167397
TI  - Molecur mechanism of action of the radioprotective substance WR 2721.
AB  - The radioprotective effect of WR 2721 on catalase and the type and loci of its
      interaction with the enzyme have been investigated by means of spectrophotometric
      and electron spin resonance, (ESR) methods. The radiation damage, indicated by a
      change in enzymatic activity and in the Soret absorption  band, has been the less
      the larger the WR 2721 concentration. In the case of ESR investigations, addition
      of WR 2721 has resulted in a reduction of the spin concentration of Cu-2+. Since
      cysteamine has exhibited similar results, however, to a lesser extent, it can be
      assumed that the RS-ions are responsible for the protective effect. From the
      results obtained it can be concluded that (the dephosphorilized) WR 2721 forms a
      complex with the enzyme and acts as an electron donor.

PMID- 167398
TI  - Roentgen features of the superficial depressed type of early gastric carcinoma.
AB  - The superficial depressed type of early gastric carcinoma is described. The
      macroscopic appearance is characterized by an irregular erosion, often associated
      with a deeper central ulceration. The surrounding mucosal folds exhibit abrupt
      termination, narrowing, and clubbing. The roentgen diagnosis requires good
      demonstrations of detail. The double-contrast technique is most important and
      informative and can be used to study almost any part of the stomach.

PMID- 167399
TI  - Intracranial tumors: correlation of angiography with dynamic radionuclide
      studies.
AB  - In a group of 100 supratentorial brain tumors, 23% demonstrated increased
      activity during the dynamic portion of the brain scan. Increased activity
      correlates best with the following angiographic characteristics: (a) increased
      size of supplying vessels, and (b) vascular supply simultaneously from both
      parenchymal and meningeal arteries. Increased activity has no correlation with
      the presence of early venous drainage, peritumoral edema, or degree of tumor
      vascularity and/or stain.

PMID- 167401
TI  - [Effects of methotrexate on psoriatic lesions in the light of histological and
      histochemical studies].

PMID- 167400
TI  - [Seeking for the mechanism of thermophily and thermostability (author's transl)].

PMID- 167402
TI  - [Changes of neuromuscular transmission in hemiplegic patients].

PMID- 167403
TI  - [Steroidogenesis in the adrenal gland of children].

PMID- 167404
TI  - [Clinical contribution to the study of X (Lp-X) lipoprotein].

PMID- 167405
TI  - [Modeling behavior: an example of application in nursing].

PMID- 167406
TI  - [Tetracosactide in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and gout].

PMID- 167407
TI  - The effect of phlebotomy on canine erythrocyte metabolism.
AB  - Enzyme activity declines with erythrocyte age in most mammals. To test this
      concept in the dog, we decreased the PCV to less than 20 by phlebotomy. The
      erythrocytes were restored rapidly (1.57 per cent per day). The resulting decline
      in the mean erythrocyte age was accompanied by increased activity by most of the
      erythrocyte enzymes studied. Enzymes with lower initial enzymatic activity
      (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione
      reductase) increased proportionally more than those with higher initial activity
      (lactate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-dehydrogenase
      and glucose-6-dehydrogenase). Among species, increases in enzyme activity after
      phlebotomy appear to be related to each species' life span. Most of the
      metabolites increased concomitantly with the highest reticulocyte period.
      Diphosphoglycerate concentrations did not change significantly during the
      experiment.

PMID- 167409
TI  - Changes in enterocyte mitochondria associated with deficiency of copper in
      cattle.
AB  - Comparisons were made between specimens of intestinal mucosa from three young
      Friesian steers, killed when showing clinical signs associated with copper
      deficiency, and three controls that had received supplementary copper. Copper
      deficiency was associated with marked depletion of cytochrome oxidase in the
      epithelium of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and with partial villus atrophy in
      the duodenum and jejunum. Enterocytes from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum showed
      mitochondrial abnormalities ranging from slight swelling to marked localised
      dilation. Many of the mitochondria not affected by swelling had a distinctly
      condensed appearance. These changes are discussed in relation to the copper
      responsive diarrhoea that affects a proportion of cattle suffering from copper
      deficiency.

PMID- 167410
TI  - Experimental infection of calves with respiratory syncytial virus.
AB  - Three bovine isolates and one human isolate of RS virus were given intranasally
      to gnotobiotic, colostrum-deprived and conventional calves. All isolates produced
      a biphasic pyrexia associated with a serous nasal discharge. Virus was recovered
      from nasal secretions 4-10 days after inoculation from nasal, tracheal and
      bronchial mucosae and lung of animals killed 7-13 days after inoculation.
      Infection did not produce any macroscopic lesions, but histologically there was a
      focal degenerative rhinitis and a catarrhal bronchiolitis with the occasional
      formation of syncytia in bronchioles and alveoli.

PMID- 167408
TI  - The demonstration by interference tests of an infective agent in fetuses from
      ewes inoculated with Border disease tissue.
AB  - Fetuses and placental tissues were taken from pregnant ewes at intervals varying
      between eight and 21 days after inoculation with tissue suspensions from cases of
      Border disease. Virus isolation procedures involving the detection of a
      cytopathic effect in tissue cultures with or without interference tests produced
      universally negative results but interference tests, using a plaque technique
      with the NADL strain of bovine virus diarrhoea virus as a challenge virus,
      detected the presence of an agent in tissues from six out of 10 fetuses.
      Inoculated ewes allowed to proceed to term showed a serological response
      characteristic of Border disease infection, as measured by four different tests.
      Although hairy shaker lambs were not seen, the occurence of abortion and
      stillbirth due to causes other than bacterial agents, was an indication that the
      Border disease agent was present. Electron microscopy of fetal fluids failed to
      detect viral particles.

PMID- 167411
TI  - [Oculodentodigital dysplasia (author's transl)].

PMID- 167412
TI  - [Poliomyelitis in the province of Tucuman: Isolation, typification and
      serological study of the virus isolated during the 1971 epidemic].

PMID- 167413
TI  - [Biochemical aspects of the action of some new stimulators of penicillin G
      biosynthesis].

PMID- 167414
TI  - [Characteristics of primary changes in serum lipids].

PMID- 167415
TI  - [Sleep in subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis: polygraphic study of 2 cases].

PMID- 167416
TI  - [Organization of nocturnal sleep in patients with liver cirrhosis: changes before
      and after treatment with levodopa and lactulose].

PMID- 167417
TI  - [Research on the spontaneous unitary activity of corticofugal neurons in the
      sensomotory area of the cat during sleep-wakefulness cycle. 2. Cortico-red
      neurons].

PMID- 167418
TI  - [Intracranial pressure and changes in the level of wakefulness].

PMID- 167419
TI  - [Behavioral of evoked potentials in repeated stimulation of the facial nerve and
      electromyographic diagnosis of myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 167420
TI  - [EEG and polygraphic nocturnal study of epileptic patients influenced by
      catomemial conditions].

PMID- 167421
TI  - [Pavor nocturnus and epilepsy (consideration on 2 cases)].

PMID- 167422
TI  - [Spontaneous nystagmus due to lesions of the central nervous system and sleep
      stages].

PMID- 167423
TI  - [Effect of organophosphate insecticides on succinate oxidation and cytochrome
      oxidase activity in rat liver].

PMID- 167424
TI  - [Leg ulcers of rare cause].

PMID- 167425
TI  - [Spinal chrodoma - III. Review of the literature since 1960].
AB  - Vertebral chordomas develop from the intrarachidial -- and more often the
      intrasomatic --vestiges of the embryonic notochord, and are rare caancers that
      are more likely to become manifest, usually between 30 and 40 years of age, with
      a painful radiculo-medullary syndrome than with the clear signs of a tumour. The
      insidious evolution of this type of cancer, which gives rise to few metastases,
      and its ambiguous radiological appearance explain why it is usually diagnosed
      late after an anatomo-pathological examination. The fundamental histological
      element is the physaliphorous cell, ultrastructural studies of which have
      demonstrated that the large "mucous" inclusions of interstitial material. The
      discovery, by Murad and Murthy, of particles enclosed in a membrane in the
      chordomatous cells indicates possible viral involvement. Radio-surgical treatment
      results in more comfortable survival (very variable) although it involves
      repeated high-dose cobalto-therapy and repeated surgical excisions.

PMID- 167426
TI  - [Determination of urinary cyclic AMP in phosphorus and calcium pathology].
AB  - Quantitative analysis of urinary cyclic AMP in phospho-calcic pathology. The
      authors describe a method measuring amounts of cyclic AMP. Normal daily
      elimination in urine was measured in a group of normal subjects. Elimination was
      found to be raised in two-thirds of the patients with primary
      hyperparathryroidism, normal in those with idiopathic hypercalcaemia and
      neoplastic hypercalcaemia, and subnormal in patients with hypoparathyroidism. The
      urinary excretion of cyclic AMP after perfusion of parathyroid hormone was very
      low in cases of pseudo-hypoparathyroidism compared with that in surgical
      hypoparathroid controls. The results are compared with data from the literature.
      The theoretical and diagnostic value of these quantitative analyses is discussed.

PMID- 167428
TI  - Turnover of plasma total and very low density lipoprotein triglyceride in man.
AB  - Basal plasma total triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
      triglyceride turnover rates were determined in 110 subjects whose triglyceride
      concentrations ranged from low normal to markedly elevated values. The mean total
      triglyceride turnover rate was 13.7 mg - kg-1- hr-1, whereas the mean VLDL
      triglyceride turnover rate was 13.2 mg - kg-1 - hr-1. A highly significant
      correlation was present between the two turnover rates (r equal + 0.75). The
      endogenous serum triglyceride transported in the other lipoproteins (LDL and HDL)
      may account for more than half of the circulating triglyceride mass, but its
      significance in the total triglyceride transport is small. In a selected subgroup
      of 31 healthy subjects the plasma VLDL triglyceride concentration did not exceed
      160 mg/100 ml. The range of this group's triglyceride turnover rate was
      completely comparable with most data reported in the literature for total serum
      or VLDL triglyceride transport in normal human subjects. When the turnover rate
      was plotted against the VLDL triglyceride concentration, three kinetic subgroups
      could be separated in accordance with the earlier experience on total serum
      triglyceride transport kinetics.

PMID- 167427
TI  - [Effect of ACTH on the blood flow through the adrenals in the rat (authors
      transl)].

PMID- 167429
TI  - The esterification of cholesterol in plasma after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The rate of plasma cholesterol esterification (LCAT activity) and the
      concentration of eight proteins in the plasma have been studied in the ten male
      patients during the course of acute myocardial infarction. Samples were drawn 22
      hr, 3 days, 8 days, 2 weeks, and 7 weeks after the onset of the acute myocardial
      infarction. The changes of the plasma proteins were typical for the acute-phase
      reaction. LCAT activity decreased initially during the illness. The lowest values
      were found after 8 days. Concomitantly, a reducation in the plasma concentration
      of total and free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters was demonstrated. The rate
      of cholesterol esterification correlated significantly with the concentration of
      prealbumin, alpha-lipoprotein, and albumin. Seven weeks after onset of the
      infarction, the LCAT values were equal to those in a reference group. The results
      suggest that the synthesis of LCAT was decreased during the acute-phase reaction.

PMID- 167430
TI  - Herpesvirus hominis infections in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - A longitudinal, prospective study of herpesvirus hominis (HVH, herpes simplex
      virus) was carried out in immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients using
      serologic, virologic and clinical techniques. The final study group consisted of
      37 patients of which 31 were followed for at least 2 months and 26 for more than
      1 year. A 4-fold rise or more in HVH complement-fixing antibody in relation to
      titers measured at the time of transplantation was found in 11 patients. Eight of
      these 11 patients had clinically recognizable herpetic lesions. An additional 9
      patients had lesions without titer rise being demonstrable. The 20 of the 37
      patients studied (54%) had evidence of active infection with HVH. Because of pain
      and discomfort herpetic sores were of clinical importance in 11 patients and
      lasted for 1 month or more in 9. Herpetic keratitis was seen in 3 and left
      permanent damage to sight in 2. Multiple, extensive, prolonged and sometimes
      destructive herpetic lesions affected 5 (16%) of all patients studied.

PMID- 167432
TI  - [Complications in primary tumors of the small intestine].
AB  - Of 112 000 patients undergoing surgery between 1952 and 1973, 67 had a primary
      tumor of the small intestine. 22 patients had a benign tumor, 8 a carcinoid, 21
      carcinoma and 15 sarcoma. Benign tumors were more frequent in the duodenum and
      ileum, carcinoids in the terminal ileum and carcinomas in the duodenum and
      jejunum. Sarcomas were found equally in all parts of the small intestine. The
      most common symptom for all types of the tumor was variable pain in the abdomen.
      Loss of weight occurred only in patients with carcinomas and sarcomas; heavy
      intestinal blood loss was most common in patients with benign tumors. Benign
      tumors often show invagination, while sarcomas cause occlusive ileus or
      perforation. All duodenal tumors show heavy intestinal bleeding but hematemesis
      is rare. Emergency surgery was necessary in 42% of patients with benign tumors or
      sarcoma and in 30% of patients with carcinoma. Five-year survival in patients
      with benign tumors is excellent (100%). Compared to this, five-year survival in
      patients with carcinoma, sarcoma or carcinoids is only 15%.

PMID- 167431
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria by the standardized disc
      diffusion method with special reference to bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - The susceptibility of 90 strains of Bacteroides fragilis to 16 antibacterial
      drugs was determined by the agar plate dilution test and the disc diffusion test.
      Good correlation of results was obtained with the two methods, and regression
      line analysis could be performed for beta-lactam antibiotics, erythromycin,
      tetracyclines, lincomycin and clindamycin. Thus the standardized disc diffusion
      method can be used for susceptibility testing, but only a clear distinction
      between sensitive and resistant strains can be seen.

PMID- 167433
TI  - The molecular biology of poliovirus.

PMID- 167434
TI  - Adenosine inhibition of lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis: possible role of cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate.
AB  - The in vitro destruction of tumor cells by specifically sensitized mouse
      lymphocytes was inhibited by adenosine; this inhibition was markedly potentiated
      by the presence of an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The inhibition of
      cytolysis by adenosine was accompanied by a rapid elevation in lymphocytic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) concentrations. Both the inhibition of
      cytolysis and the elevation of cyclic AMP were reversed by prolonged incubation
      of the lymphocytes in the presence of adenosine or, more rapidly, by removal of
      the adenosine. Low concentrations of adenosine also caused an elevation of cyclic
      AMP in human lymphocytes, and this effect of adenosine may contribute to the lack
      of immune response associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency.

PMID- 167435
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity to antigens associated with endogenous murine C-type
      leukemia viruses.
AB  - Splenic lymphocytes from (BALB/c times A/J) F 1 mice are cytotoxic for BALB/c
      fibroblasts infected with an endogenous C-type leukemia virus, but are not
      cytotoxic for uninfected BALB/c fibroblasts. These results indicate that mice do
      not exhibit cell-mediated immune tolerance to antigens associated with endogenous
      C-type viruses.

PMID- 167436
TI  - Changes in protein levels in perfusates of freely moving cats: relation to
      behavioral state.
AB  - Perfusates from the brains of freely moving cats, obtained by means of a push
      pull cannula, contain high concentrations of proteins. The levels vary in a
      cyclic fashion and are higher during rapid eye movement sleep than during the
      waking state. The proteins represent a distinctive class of tissue protein and
      their changing levels appear to reflect an alteration in the protein content of
      the extracellular space of brain related to behavioral state.

PMID- 167437
TI  - Immunofluorescent localization of cyclic AMP in toad urinary bladder: possible
      intercellular transfer.
AB  - By use of an immunofluorescent cytochemical staining technique, adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) has been localized in toad bladder epithelial cells.
      Within 2 minutes after addition of vasopressin, staining intensity increases in
      both mitochondria-rich and granular cells. This finding, taken together with the
      precise anatomical relation between these two epithelial cell types and the
      observation that after separation of the two cell types vasopressin stimulates
      cyclic AMP accumulation in only mitochondria-rich cells, suggests that cyclic AMP
      may be transferred from mitochrondria-rich to granular cells as part of the
      response of the toad urinary bladder to vasopressin.

PMID- 167439
TI  - Analogs of cyclic adenosine monophosphate: correlation of inhibition of Purkinje
      Neurons with Protein Kinase Activation.
AB  - Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and 11 derivatives were applied to
      rat cerebellar Purkinje cells by iontophoresis. Cyclic AMP inhibited 63 percent
      of the cells, while the 8-parachlorophenylthio- and 8-benzylthio- analogs of
      cyclin AMP inhibited the spontaneous firing of 92 and 89 percent of cells,
      respectively. The ability of the 11 analogs to inhibit neuronal firing correlated
      (  r= + .78) with their reported potency in activating cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinase. These results extend previous studies, pointing to the mediation
      by cyclic AMP of the noradrenergic inhibition of Purkinje neurons, and provide
      new physiological evidence that protein phosphorylation is a major step in the
      action of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 167438
TI  - Lipid linked sugars in glycoprotein synthesis.

PMID- 167440
TI  - [Transcobalamins in megaloblastic anemias].
AB  - Transcobalamins are proteins which carry vitamin B12 and which are normally
      partly unsaturated. This study of transcobalamins was carried out in 17 subjects
      with megaloblastic anemia (12 true cases of pernicious anemia and 5 cases of
      folate deficiency). Among the latter, the transcobalamins were studied in 4 cases
      of pernicious anemia, before and after treatment with vitamin B12. The
      distribution of endogenous B12 was determined in four normal controls and two
      cases of pernicious anemia. This vitamin is normally distributed roughly equally
      between the three transcobalamins, whereas in B12 deficiency, T.C.2 is very
      unsaturated together with T.C.1 to a lesser degree. The latent fixation capacity
      of the serum is increased together with the latent fixation capacity of T.C. I
      and, above all, T.C. II but that of T.C. III is reduced in patients with
      pernicious anemia. In folate deficiency, only the latent fixation capacity of
      T.C. II is increased. When vitamin B12 is administered in physiological dosage,
      T.C. I becomes gradually saturated. In pharmacological dosage, total fixation
      capacity together with that of T.C. I and T.C. II become gradually reduced, but
      in spite of high levels of circulating B12, these proteins remain partially
      unsaturated. Various theories are suggested to explain the variations of these
      three transcobalamins in megaloblastic anemia but the problem is still unclear.

PMID- 167442
TI  - [Biermer's anemia with chronic lymphoid leukemia and hemolysis with
      autoantibodies].
AB  - The authors report a case of chronic lymphatic leukemia occurring four years
      after the onset of pernicious anemia. Multiple immunological abnormalities were
      detected. Hemolytic anemia with auto-antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin
      antibodies. Anti-intrinsic factor antibodies of type 1 were found but disappeared
      later. This case, the 9 th in the world literature, emphasizes the links between
      pernicious anemia, an auto-immune disease, and malignant disorders of the
      lymphatic and immune systems.

PMID- 167441
TI  - [Search for anti-intrinsic factor antibodies in the diagnosis of Biermer's
      anemia].
AB  - The diagnostic interest of a search for anti-intrinsic factor antibodies is
      emphasized from the authors research on more than 200 patients or controls.
      Antibodies of type I, so-called blocking antibodies, were detected in 66% of
      cases where the diagnosis of pernicious anemia was made. Type II, so-called
      precipitating antibodies, were found in 47% of patients with antibodies of type I
      and only in the latter. Certain etiological factors, already noted in the world
      literature, were found, in particular the link with the female sex and with blood
      group A. The specificity of these antibodies is very great and false positives
      are exceptional. We did not find them in any of the 104 controls. They were
      observed, however, in 5 of the 56 patients where the diagnosis of pernicious
      anemia was not definite, but it is likely that, in these 5 cases, pernicious
      anemia existed with some other disease. Our study also showed the limits of other
      methods of investigation of this disease; hypovitaminimia B12 is often corrected
      by treatment without proper inductions and B12 malabsorption on the Schilling
      test may not be corrected by the addition of intrinsic factor.

PMID- 167443
TI  - [Folate deficiency and neurologic disorders].
AB  - Estimation of serum folate was carried out in 74 patients with various
      neurological disorders. Levels less than normal were detected in 63 of them, with
      mainly peripheral neuritis, cerebellar syndromes and/or psychological disorders.
      The role of certain etiological factors was demonstrated, e.g. alcoholism,
      malnutrition, diarrhea, anti-epileptic treatment. Links between these
      neurological disorders and the folate deficiency remain to be demonstrated. In at
      least 8 cases, treatment with folic acid seems to have had a favourable influence
      on the course of these disorders.

PMID- 167444
TI  - [Macrocytic animia due to the combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole].
AB  - The authors report a case of macrocytic anemia due to folate deficiency occurring
      suddenly after the administration of trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole and
      completely cured by folic acid. This type of complication occurs particularly
      often in patients who already have a relative folate deficiency. In our case only
      moderate alcoholism was found. Thus individual predisposition due to enzyme
      abnormality must be considered. Prophylactic administration of folic acid in
      patients receiving this drug association is thus advisable.

PMID- 167445
TI  - [Lysozyme in hematologic diseases].
AB  - Blood lysozyme estimation seems to be important in hematological practice. Serum
      levels are roughly proportional to the size of the pool and, above all,
      granulocytic renewal. Thus levels are increased compared with levels of
      circulating polynuclear cells. In bone marrow disorders, and particularly in
      myelofibrosis, owing to the infective granulopoiesis and/or increased destruction
      of the neutrophil polymorphs. It is lowered in neutropenia with a scanty bone
      marrow. It provides an important contribution to diagnosis of the type of acute
      leukemia, the fall in the lymphoblastic forms contrast with normal or increased
      levels in myeloblastic forms. Finally, there is a marked increase in lysosome
      urea in acute monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia.

PMID- 167446
TI  - [A case of empty sella turcica].

PMID- 167447
TI  - [Mycetoma with white granules].

PMID- 167448
TI  - The hemodynamics of diffuse liver diseases.

PMID- 167449
TI  - Angiography of benign and malignant hepatic masses.

PMID- 167450
TI  - Liver disease in children: portal hypertension, hepatic masses.

PMID- 167451
TI  - The use of nuclear medicine in evaluating liver disease.

PMID- 167452
TI  - Tropical diseases of the liver and bile ducts.

PMID- 167453
TI  - Surveillance of enterovirus infections in Bangkok. I. Isolation of enterovirus
      from faecal specimens of healthy children.
AB  - During the period August 1970 through July 1973, about 50 faecal specimens
      collected each month from healthy pre-school children of lower economic status in
      Bangkok were studied for virus isolation using primary monkey kidney cells and
      new born mice. From a total of 1,823 samples, 557 (30.5%) were positive: 86
      (4.8%) polioviruses, 77 (4.2%) coxsackieviruses B, 223 (12.2%) echoviruses, and
      127 strains (7.0%) of unidentified viruses. Altogether, 45 serotypes of enteric
      viruses were identified. More than 30 serotypes, including the 3 types of
      poliovirus, were present each year. Infection rates were higher in males than in
      females and highest at one year of age, the rates decreasing with progressing
      age. There was no marked seasonal variation of enterovirus infections in Bangkok.
      The poliovirus infection index was low from September to January, and the index
      of polio and non-polio enterovirus infections was highest in April.

PMID- 167455
TI  - [Case of giant fibroadenoma of the breast].

PMID- 167454
TI  - Parasitology survey and seroepidemiology of amoebiasis in South Kalimantan
      (Borneo), Indonesia.
AB  - A parasitology surevy was conducted among inhabitants of 7 villages in 3
      regencies in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A total of 2,169 stool
      specimens, 2,756 blood smears and 1,027 serum specimens were obtained,
      representing samples from approximately 10%, 12% and 5% of the population,
      respectively. One to 8 different intestinal parasitic infections were detected in
      97% of the people. Those parasites most frequently found were Trichuris trichiura
      (83%), Ascaris lumbricoides (79%), and hookworm (65%), followed by Entamoeba coli
      (37%), Endolimaxnana (12%), Entamoeba histolytica (12%), Iodamoeba butschlii
      (11%), Giardia lamblia (5%), Entamoeba hartmanni (2%), Chilomastix mesnili (2%).
      Other parasites found were Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercoralis,
      Capillaria sp., Echinostoma sp., Hymenolepis diminuta, and Trichomonas hominis.
      Giardia lamblia was found more often in younger people and Entamoeba coli,
      Iodamoeba butschlii and hookworm in the older age group. Ascaris lumbricoides
      occurred more frequently in females, and hookworm in males. Plasmodium vivax and
      Plasmodium falciparum were found in the blood smears of 4.4% of the people,
      mostly in the younger age groups. Seroepidemiological studies on amoebiasis were
      done by use of the indirect hemagglutination test with antigens prepared from the
      HK9 strain of Entamoeba histolytica maintained in axenic cultures. The frequency
      distribution of the reciprocal antibody titers showed a bimodal distribution with
      34% of the population demonstrating positive reactions at titers of 1:128 or
      greater.

PMID- 167456
TI  - [Lipoma genus arborescens].

PMID- 167457
TI  - Unusual malignant tumours of the maxilary sinuses.
AB  - Six rare tumours of the maxillary sinus occuring in South African Blacks are
      described. The incidence of sarcomas and tumours of glandular epithelium in the
      nasal sinus region is discussed and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 167458
TI  - Plasma fatty acids and the control of lipolysis by cathecholamines.
AB  - The role of lipolysis in adipose tissue is described in relation to the
      maintentance of plasma levels of fatty acids. The molecular details of the
      hormonal control of lipolysis in the human adipocyte are discussed.

PMID- 167459
TI  - Errors in metabolic regulation. A regulatory defect in the human adipocyte.
AB  - Some of the control elements required for the fine regulation of metabolic
      processes in the adipocyte are described. These include substrate carriers,
      hormone receptors, allosteric enzymes and template surfaces. A possible example
      of an acquired defect of a rate-determining enzyme of glycolysis in the lipoma
      adipocyte is described. This is manifest as an impaired sensitivity of
      phosphofructokinase to feedback inhibtion by citrate. The orgin and consequences
      of this lesion are discussed.

PMID- 167460
TI  - Epipodophyllotoxin (VP 16-213) in the treatmetn of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, of whom 20 had failed to
      respond to all other forms of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, were treated with
      intravenous VP 16-213. Initial dramatic response was obtained in 5 (19%), good
      objective response in 12 (4%), and the remaining 10 (37%) either failed to
      respond or thad only minimal objective change in theri disease status. The
      response characteristically occured within two courses of therapy, but 8 of the
      17 (47relapsed at this stage resulted in remission again begin achieved in these
      patients. It is concluded that VP 16-213 is an effective agent in diffuse
      histiocytic lymphoma, but it is of limited value when used as a single agent.
      This drug has surprisingly little myelotoxicity, and prospective studies are now
      in progress to evaluate its role in combination therapy.

PMID- 167461
TI  - [Clinical characteristics and genetic identity of the basal cell nevus syndrome
      (Gorlin-Goltz syndrome)].
AB  - The clinical, genetic, radiological, dental and dermatological aspects of 3
      patients with the autosomal dominant basal cell naevus syndrome are reported. An
      analysis of the phenotypic features of 72 cases described in the literature is
      presented and compared with a previous analysis. Ash leaf hypopigmentation
      similar to that found in tuberous sclerosis represents a unique finding in this
      syndrome. Other similarities to the phacomatoses are discussed. We were able to
      support a previous report that patients with the basal cell naevus syndrome have
      a normal end-organ response to parathormone stimulation, and that it is most
      probably not related to pseudohypoparathyroidism, as earlier reports suggested.

PMID- 167462
TI  - Current management of hepatic tumors.
AB  - Today, the presence of a hepatic tumor can be diagnosed with considerable
      accuracy by means of isotope scans, arteriogram and ultrasonic imaging. Its
      localization to one lobe or other lobes is also generally achievable but with
      less accuracy because it is not yet possible to visualize the interlobar fissure
      by a noninvasive technique. Exploratory laparotomy with a view to resection is
      the preferred approach if the patient is in good general condition. Percutaneous
      biopsy of a hepatic lesion should be avoided unless laparotomy is not
      contemplated. Resection is the mainstay of therapy for all forms of hepatic
      malignant tumors and is the only modality that gives some prospect of cure. The
      prohibitively high operative mortality rate of former years, mostly due  to
      hemorrhage, has gradually decreased with improved understanding of hepatic
      anatomy and innovations in surgical technique. By means of adequate vascular
      control and, if necessary, parenchymal cold perfusion, major resections of
      difficult and bulky lesions can now be accomplished with safety. Systemic
      chemotherapy with single agents, intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy and hepatic
      dearterialization have each been found to be of modest therapeutic value in a
      variable proportion of patients with diffuse unresectable cancer of the liver.
      The results of current experience indicate that the response rate is not high and
      long term control of tumor is rare. Multiple drug combinations with or without
      infusion therapy or dearterialization are being tried in many centers.
      Therapeutic strategy and end results for the different forms of benign and
      malignant neoplasms of the liver are discussed.

PMID- 167463
TI  - Gliobastoma multiforme of the cerebellum.
AB  - Glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebellum is rare. Approximately 33 case of
      cerebellar glioblastoma have been reported. Two-thirds of the cases occurred in
      adults and the male to female ratio was 2:1. The mean age was 46.7 years in
      adults and 10.4 years in children. Most of the tumors were lateral in location.
      Two of the patients (6%) had multiple glioblastomas. The time from onset of
      symptoms to death was approximately one year.

PMID- 167464
TI  - [Syndrome of rapid intestinal dehydration].

PMID- 167465
TI  - Extramammary Paget's disease: Two case reports.

PMID- 167467
TI  - [Herpes labialis].

PMID- 167466
TI  - A survey of asthma mortality in patients between ages 35 and 64 in the Greater
      London hospitals in 1971.
AB  - We have examined the death certificates from all patients aged 35-64 years who
      were recorded as dying from asthma in Greater London Council hospitals in 1971.
      Of the 47 death certificates studied, nine suggested that the primary cause of
      death was not asthma. From the remaining 38 deaths we have obtained 36 case
      records and found that 15 deaths occurred outside hospital and another two
      patients died in hospital having been admitted in a stable state. We have
      examined the remaining 19 case records to find out the circumstances of death in
      patients with asthma who die in hospital. We have been unable to exclude the
      possibility that many of the deaths in hospital were avoidable. Assessment of
      severity in most patients was incomplete, as judged by a retrospective analysis
      of case records, and many of the patients would be regarded as having had
      insufficient treatment. Four patients did not receive corticosteroids and in a
      further three the dose given was small. No physiological assessment of airflow
      obstruction was made in over half the patients. A comparison with 19 survivors of
      an admission to hospital with asthma did not provide enough information to
      account for the deaths. The survivors were in hospital for a shorter period of
      time, were slightly less ill, and were given comparable treatment regimens. Both
      groups of patients were inadequately assessed, and sedatives were given to
      approximately 70% of all subjects studied. The deaths in hospital usually
      occurred suddenly in the early morning in general medical wards.

PMID- 167468
TI  - Ultrastructural pathology of leaf cells of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) infected
      with ryegrass mosaic virus.
AB  - Ryegrass mosaic virus particles and virus induced lamellar inclusions were found
      in mesophyll and epidermal cells of virus infected ryegrass leaves. The lamellar
      inclusions were occasionally found in phloem cells also. Virus particles occurred
      in cytoplasm, inside plasmodesmata and often in membrane bound sacs embedded in a
      matrix between plasmalemma and cell wall at or near plasmodesmata. Electron dense
      plugs protruding from plasmodesmata, finger-like cell wall outgrowths and cell
      wall deposits usually at plasmodesmata were also observed. Cytopathological
      changes in organelles in infected cells included dense deposits in the cisternae
      of endosplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, mitochondria with electron-dense
      or opaque matrix, proliferating cristae and deteriorating unit membrane; and
      disintegrating chloroplasts.

PMID- 167469
TI  - Structure and development of P-protein in phloem parenchyma and companion cells
      of legumes.
AB  - Phloem parenchyma and companion cells from four species of legumes, Phaseolus
      vulgaris L., Melilotus alba Desr., Desmodium canadense, L. and Dolichos lablab
      L., were examined electron microscopically to estabish the presence, structure
      and development of P-protein. P-protein components consisting of granular,
      fibrillar, tubular or crystalline structures were found in parenchyma cells of
      all species and in companion cells of M. alba. The earliest stages of P-protein
      formation were closely associated with dictyosome cisternae, dictyosome vesicles
      and/or spiny vesicles. After their formation, the P-protein bodies were
      frequently transformed into one or more structurally different components.
      Although these components appeared to be develop-mentally related, their specific
      associations and transformations differed in each species examined.

PMID- 167470
TI  - Structural and functional dynamics of oogenesis in Glossina austeni: general
      features, previtellogenesis and nurse cells.
AB  - Glossina austeni oogenesis throughout its nine-day pregnancy cycle is described
      with the focus on previtellogenic stages. The ultrastructural details of the
      oocyte-nurse cell relationship and cyst formation is presented. The oocyte
      develops in a syncytial association with 15 nurse cells with the entire unit
      surrounded by a follicular epithelium. The nurse cells have large elaborate
      nucleoli. Evidence of nuclear emissions and the presence of an unusual
      cytoplasmic membrane association were found. A variety of nuclear inclusions are
      seen in the oocyte. Glycogen, lipid, ribosomes and membrane organelles accumulate
      in the oocyte during previtellogenesis.

PMID- 167471
TI  - The histology and fine structure of the olfactory organ of the squid Lolliguncula
      brevis Blainville.
AB  - The olfactory organ of the squid has a thick, pseudostratified epithelium
      containing five morphological types of ciliated receptors. In the simplest
      receptors the cilia originate separately in the distal pole of the cell. All
      other receptors have some type of cilia filled cavity, varying from a simple
      pocket of cilia at the surface to a completely closed vesicle filled with cilia
      in cells deep in the epithelium. The receptors are compared to cells in the
      rhinophore of Nautilus and the olfactory organs of coleoid cephalopods. Possible
      functions of the olfactory organ, based on its morphology, are discussed.

PMID- 167472
TI  - Morphological variations in gap junctions of ovarian granulosa cells.
AB  - Granulosa cells in ovarian follicles of rat, mouse, rabbit and hamster were
      studied by lanthanum tracer and freeze-fracture techniques. Abundant gap
      junctions exhibited striking intraspecific variation in size and pattern of
      particle aggregation. The smaller gap junctions showed close packing of the
      intramembranous A face particles. In large gap junctions, ranging up to 6 mu in
      diameter, particles were packed in rectilinear arrays separated by a labyrinthine
      network of particle-free 'aisles'. Small clusters of particles in a particle-poor
      circumferential zone suggested enlargement of junctions by peripheral accretion.
      Linear intramembranous structures, resembling those of occluding junctions,
      occasionally bounded large gap junctions. Spherical intracytoplasmic structures
      limited by gap junctional membranes were shown by tracer studies to arise by
      invagination of the cell surface. These were intrepreted as a means of disposal
      of junctions by interiorization.

PMID- 167473
TI  - Responsiveness of urinary cyclic AMP and phosphate to parathyroid extract in
      patients with parathyroid disorders.
AB  - Responsiveness of urinary cyclic AMP and phosphate to 200 units of parathyroid
      extract was evaluated in 5 normal subjects, 2 patients with idiopathic
      hypoparathyroidism, 4 patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism and 3 patients with
      primary hyperparathyroidism. Among them, 3 patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism
      were examined prior to and during therapy with vitamin D. Two patients with
      primary hyperparathyroidism were examined before and after removal of adenomas.
      In control subjects, percent increase in cyclic AMP after parathyroid extract
      administration was 7265 plus or minus 3312%, and in phosphate 290 plus or minus
      72%. It was found that in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism the response of cyclic
      AMP was in the normal range, though that of phosphate was higher than normal. In
      pseudohypoparathyroidism, as distinguished from what Drezner et al. called
      pseudohypoparathyroidism type II, the response of cyclic AMP was uniformly low,
      while that of phosphate was variable. Similar results were obtained during
      treatment with vitamin D. In primary hyperparathyroidism, the responses of both
      cyclic AMP and phosphate were lower than normal. After removal of adenomas, the
      response of phosphate became norma., but the response of cyclic AMP rose to a
      subnormal level in one patient, and remained low in the other. For the diagnosis
      of pseudohypoparathyroidism, the response in cyclic AMP was considered to be a
      more reliable index than that in phosphate whether the patient was being treated
      with vitamin D or not.

PMID- 167474
TI  - A study of cardiotoxic principles from the venom of Bungarus fasciatus
      (Schneider).

PMID- 167475
TI  - Neuromuscular block in honeybees by the venom of the bee wolf wasp (Philanthus
      triangulum F.).

PMID- 167476
TI  - Identification of some plasma metabolites of 6, 7-3-H-estrone glucosiduronate in
      male dogs.
AB  - Following the constant infusion of 6, 7-3-H-estrone glucosiduronate in male dogs
      for a period of 120 minutes, the radioactive metabolites present in the plasma
      were separated by solvent partition, DEAE-Sephapadex, Celite partition and thin
      layer chromatography. The identities of the individual estrogens and estrogen
      conjugates were confirmed by specific activity determinations after
      chromatography in several different solvent systems, enzyme hydrolysis and
      steroids and their derivatives. Most of the radioactivity in the plasma was
      identified as estrone glucosiduronate. The major metabolite present was estradiol
      17-beta-3-glucosiduronate. Small amounts of estradiol-17-alpha-3-glucosiduronate
      and free estrone were also identified. Three other minor conjugates were
      separated, but positive identification could not be made.

PMID- 167477
TI  - Androgen receptor in nuclei of rat testis.
AB  - Testis nuclei of hypophysectomized rats selectively accumulate labeled
      testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone following the injection of tritiated
      testosterone in vivo. Testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone are bound to
      macromolecules in nuclei and can be extracted with 0.5 M KCl. Accumulation of
      protein bound radioactive androgens in nuclei of isolated seminiferous tubules is
      similar to that of whole testis. The relative amounts of testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone in purified nuclei were similar to the relative amounts bound
      to cytoplasmic receptors, suggesting that cytoplasmic androgen-receptor complexes
      may be transported into the nuclei. Binding of labeled androgen is saturable and
      inhibited by prior injection of unlabeled testosterone or cyproterone acetate.
      Nuclear binding sites are destroyed by the proteolytic enzyme pronase, but not by
      DNase. Like the cytoplasmic androgen-receptor complexes in rat testis, nuclear
      androgen-protein complexes are heat labile and dissociate slowly at 0 degrees C.
      androgens fail to accumulate in testis nuclei of the Stanley-Gumbreck androgen
      insensitive rat, a species lacking cytoplasmic androgen receptors in testis and
      other androgen target tissues.

PMID- 167478
TI  - Estradiol receptors in the pituitary and anterior hypothalamus of the rat:
      measurement by agar gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 167480
TI  - Dual infections of mice: visceral larva migrans and sublethal infection with
      Japanese encephalitis virus.
AB  - Experiments in 3 weeks old albino mice with Toxocara canis and sublethal
      infection with JE virus established a marked synergestic effect in dually
      infected mice. The results are discussed to indicate the possible role of
      visceral larva migrans in creating exploxive outbreaks of "acute encephalopathy
      syndrome" in individuals having simultaneous infection with a virus (es) which,
      alone, might produce only mild illness. The nature of the possible mechanisms
      involved yet remains to be understood.

PMID- 167479
TI  - Protamine-precipitated estrogen receptor: a solid-phase ligand exchange assay.
AB  - Cytoplasmic estrogen receptor can exist either free (R) or bound to estradiol
      17beta (RE). Both forms can be precipitated from cytosols by protamine sulfate.
      After protamine precipitation R binds 3-H-estradiol-17beta quantitatively at
      either 0 degrees or 30 degrees, while precipitated RE binds 3-H-estradiol-17beta
      only at 30 degrees by exchanging with previously bound hormone. Using these
      observations, we have developed a method for separate determination of both
      cytoplasmic R and RE. This method should also be applicable for assay of other
      steroid receptors, especially in cases where interfering components are present
      in the whole cytosol.

PMID- 167481
TI  - [DNA-, RNA-, lipidsynthesis and the specific activity of the glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase in the different morphologic stages of
      Plasmodium vinckei].
AB  - DNA-, RNA-, and lipidsynthesis, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, glucose-6
      phosphatase and succinate-dehydrogenase were studied in the different morphologic
      stages of blood schizogony of Plasmodium vinckei. For the separation of these
      stages of the maturation cycle a discontinuous Ficoll-density gradient was
      developed. By this method the morphologic stages were separated and obtained in
      sufficient amounts. DNA-, RNA- and lipidsynthesis was not continuous in the
      intraerythrocytic cycle of the parasite. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      activity of the infected erythrocytes decreases whereas that of the glucose-6
      phosphatase increases in the maturation cycle of P. vinckei.

PMID- 167482
TI  - [The ultrastructure of adrenal cortex cells following stress and ACTH
      administration].

PMID- 167484
TI  - [Small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung].

PMID- 167483
TI  - [Morphologic, biochemical and functional properties of the mitochondria of the
      rabbit gastric mucosa].
AB  - Purified fractions of the rabbit gastric mucosa and liver mitochondria were
      isolated. Electrone microscopy and functional studies of mitochondria showed the
      most intact mitochondria of gastric mucosa to be localized in gradient fractions
      of  p=1.16-1.18, and those of the liver in fractions with p=1.19-1.20. The
      gastric mitochondria differed from the liver mitochondria by specific
      localization in oxyntic cells, abundance of crists, small matrix volume, presence
      of high respiratory control at lesser values of pH, high respiratory activity,
      great amount of cytochromes of electron transport chain in inner mitochondria
      membrane, two-fold excess of cytochroma a in relation to b and c, absence of b5
      and by presence of great amount of phosphathydilaethanolamine and unsaturated
      fatty acids.

PMID- 167485
TI  - [Intensive combination therapy of small cell anaplatic carcinoma of the lung. A
      pilot study].

PMID- 167486
TI  - [Spontaneous regression of lung cancer].

PMID- 167487
TI  - A possible mechanism for cell to cell interaction  involving phosphoryl group
      transfer at the cell surface.

PMID- 167488
TI  - Paget's disease of scrotum. Need for early biopsy.

PMID- 167489
TI  - Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of bladder exemplifying vesical epithelial
      multipotentiality.
AB  - The eighth reported case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the urinary
      bladder is described clinically and pathologically. It is unusual because of
      complete replacement of the transitional epithelium by squamous and glandular
      metaplasia. The latter was particularly striking, demonstrating "normal" colonic
      mucosa, cystitis glandularis, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the rare signet ring cell carcinoma variant.
      The possible origin of such changes is discussed.

PMID- 167490
TI  - Sarcoidosis and malakoplakia.
AB  - A case of malakoplakia in a patient with generalized sarcoidosis is reported. A
      discussion of the histologic and clinical characteristics is presented. This is
      the sixth case in the literature of concemitant malakoplakia and sarcoidosis. The
      suggestion is made that the two disorders may be related.

PMID- 167491
TI  - Depressed in vitro aggregation of platelets of chronic hemodialysis patients
      (CHDP): a role for cyclic AMP.
AB  - 1) On log-log-coordiantes a direct correlation has bee shown to exist between
      plasma cyclic AMP and plasma Cr levels. 2) hemodialysis results in a significant
      reduction in the arterial plasma cyclic AMP levels, but a return of plasma cyclic
      AMP to pre-dialysis levels is seen within 30 mins post-dialysis. 3) the dialyzer
      clearance of cyclic AMP, both in vitro and vivo, is commensurate with its M.W. 4)
      In vitro platelet aggregation responses, to ADP, EPI, and COLL are not influenced
      by PRP cell counts between 150,000 and 300,000/mm3. 5) the BT of NC and CHDP are
      not significantly different, indicating that the in vivo hemostatic properties of
      the CHDP are otherwise intact. 6)the CHDP have PVPC significantly lower than the
      NC, a finding commensurate with the usual mold thrombocytopenia of renal failure.
      7)the aggreation responses of the CHDP to COLL and to both Lo and Hi
      concentrations of ADP and EPI are significantly less than those of the NC. 8)A
      statistically significant inverse correlation between aggregation response and
      plasma cyclic AMP is observed.

PMID- 167492
TI  - Lipoprotein binding and hypertriglyceridemia in chronic uremia.

PMID- 167493
TI  - Studies on the effects of hemodialysis on plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - Plasma Lps of the patients on maintenance hemodialysis and the patients with
      other specific renal diseases have been studied. The patients on hemodialysis
      frequently showed gross abnormality in their plasma Lps, which was differentiated
      from the abnormalities demonstrated in other renal diseases or clinical entities.
      An exception was type-III hyperlipoproteinemia; i.e. Lp electrophoretograms of
      the hemodialysis patients resembled those ultracentrifugal fractions had been
      made had VLDL of beta-migration in paper electrophoresis and another had VLDL or
      pre-beta-migration. During hemodialysis, intravascular lipolysis, accelerated by
      heparin infusion, affected all plasma Lps, producing an increase of alpha-Lps and
      cholestrol ester-rich-beta-Lp. The accelerated triglyceride hydrolysis under
      circumstances of high glucose availability may stimulate resynthesis of
      endogenous triglyceriderich Lps, which characterizes the plasma Lp abnormality in
      more than half of the hemodialysis patients. The abnormality may not be
      attribuate to the predisposing renal disease but due to an accumlation of the
      characteristic Lp during the course of maintenace hemodialysis. A possible cause
      of accelerated atherosclerosis in the hemodialysis patients may be the
      accumulation of remnants of plasma Lp catabolism and the stimulated synthesis of
      triglycerdie-rich plasma Lp.

PMID- 167494
TI  - Improved platelet economy using filler free silicone rubber in long term membrane
      lung perfusion.

PMID- 167496
TI  - [Glomus tumor of the vagus nerve].

PMID- 167497
TI  - [Viruses in the etiology of diseases of the upper respiratory tracts].

PMID- 167498
TI  - [Mixed tumor of the pharynx with the elements of malignization].

PMID- 167495
TI  - Protective effect of modified silica gel fraction (MSGF) on the storage of canine
      liver for transplantation.
AB  - MSGF protects the function of canine ischemic (20mins) liver stored for 14 hrs.
      No significant liver protection, from irreversible damage, in dogs transplanted
      with ischemic livers, flushed with Ringer's lactate, Collins' solution, Sacks'
      solution or SGF before hypothermic storage was noted. Sacks' solution, although
      consistently better than Ringer's lactate and similiar to Collins' solution and
      SGF, was not half as good as MSGF.

PMID- 167499
TI  - [Vascular tumors of the nose and accessory sinuses].

PMID- 167500
TI  - [Comparison of the sensitivity of laboratory animals and tissue cultures to
      infection with Aujeszky's disease virus].
AB  - In mice and guinea-pigs high susceptibility was demonstrated following i. c.
      administration of the virus, approximately equalling to that of rabbits and
      tissue cultures. Also a relatively high susceptibility of guinea-pigs was
      demonstrated, with very distinct clinical symptoms of the disease, as compared
      with mice and rats after the other manners of infection. On the basis of the
      results obtained white mice were utilized for routine diagnostic of Aujeszky
      disease. After i. c. administration of positive, virus-containing material
      encephalitis develops with a rapid exitus occurring 12-24 hours earlier than in
      the rabbits. In brain tissue antigen was always demonstrated by
      immunofluorescence examination. Along with the biological experiment replicas of
      pig organs were examined by immunofluorescence method. Maximum of positive yellow
      green fluorescence is found in the cytoplasma of epithelial tonsillar cells,
      sporadically in the cell nuclei. Epithelial cells are deformed according to the
      infection degree. The amount of antigen in the brain tissue is not so pronounced
      as in the tonsillar tissue, yet in animals with clinical pathological symptoms
      the antigen was always demonstrated.

PMID- 167501
TI  - The prevalence of equid herpes virus 2 infections.

PMID- 167502
TI  - Respiratory disease in pigs: a study.

PMID- 167503
TI  - Foot-and-mouth disease in British deer: transmission of virus to cattle, sheep
      and deer.
AB  - After exposure for two hours to cattle with foot-and-mouth disease, each of the
      five species of deer found in the British countryside became infected. Clinical
      disease was typical and severe in the roe and muntjac deer, with some animals
      dying, less severe in the sika deer and usually subclinical in the fallow and red
      deer. Each species transmitted disease to its own species and to cattle and
      sheep. The amounts of virus present in the blood, and in oesophageal/pharyngeal
      samples and excreted as an aerosol during the course of the infection in the deer
      were similar to those recorded for the sheep and cattle in the same experiment.
      The fallow and sika deer commonly carried virus in the pharynx beyond 28 days
      after exposure; some red deer also became carriers. In epidemics of foot-and
      mouth disease in the UK, it is likely that deer would have such intimate contact
      with farm animals as occurred in this study. The natural behavior of free-living
      deer in the UK suggests that, although the five species are susceptible to foot
      and-mouth disease, they are unlikely to be an important factor in the maintenance
      and transmission of the virus during an epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in
      domestic livestock.

PMID- 167504
TI  - Newer knowledge in comparative virology--its contribution to human health
      research.
AB  - Like other comparative sciences, and despite its recent beginning comparative
      virology has already contributed useful applications and observations to human
      health research. Teachings derived from the study of Marek's disease found
      application in that of Burkitt's lymphoma, and may lead to a possible vaccine
      against the human disease. Equally useful information came from the study of
      canine distemper in the development of a chorio-allantoic membrane attenuated
      measles vaccine, and in our knowledge of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
      (SSPE) of humans; from the study of reovirus-like agents of infant mice and
      neonatal calves in that of an acute nonbacterial gastro-enteritis of infants and
      young children; and from that of the cancer-producing viruses of chickens, cats,
      and dogs to a better understanding of some human neoplasias. Finally, Aleutian
      mink disease may be an excellent natural model for the study of the collagen
      diseases of man, and scrapie of sheep one for that of a human chronic
      degenerative disease of the central nervous system of humans such as Kuru.
      Comparative virology has proved quite productive in a relatively short period,
      and is unlikely to be neglected in the future.

PMID- 167505
TI  - Letter: Infectious bronchitis in vaccinated poultry.

PMID- 167506
TI  - Viral contamination of foetal bovine serum.

PMID- 167507
TI  - Effect of precipitation with methanol on antigenic potency of TGE virus.

PMID- 167508
TI  - [Distribution of the A and B serogroups of poultry leukosis viruses].

PMID- 167509
TI  - [Infection of brown rats with the duck hepatitus virus].

PMID- 167511
TI  - Intracytoplasmic granule-lamella structures in visceral epithelial cells of human
      glomeruli.
AB  - A description is given of the rare occurrence of peculiar oblong structures
      having a maximal length of about 4.5 micron and a width of 0.5 micron, in the
      visceral epithelial cells of human glomeruli. These inclusions are marked by
      regular arrangement of parallel lamellae which are either in parts or over their
      whole surface associated with ribosome-like particles. Besides speculations on
      their origin and nature, some literature data come up for discussion.

PMID- 167510
TI  - Lipidosislike renal changes in rats treated with chlorphentermine or with
      tricyclic antidepressants.
AB  - Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural examinations were performed on
      renal tissues of rats after prolonged oral administration of the anorectic drug
      chlorphentermine or of the tricyclic antidepressants iprindole, imipramine and
      clomipramine. All drugs caused the formation of multilamellated cytoplasmic
      inclusions throughout the nephron and the collecting duct system, and in
      interstitial cells. The cytological alterations were most prominent in the
      glomerular podocytes, in the proximal convoluted tubules, and in the collecting
      duct system. In view of the histochemical properties (staining with Baker's acid
      hematein) and the ultrastructural appearance of the cytoplasmic inclusions the
      cellular alterations are interpreted as a renal manifestation of a generalized
      lipidosis induced by drugs of amphiphilic character.

PMID- 167512
TI  - A quantitative estimation of poxvirus genome fraction transcribed as "early" and
      "late" mRNA.

PMID- 167513
TI  - Polar DNA ejection in bacteriophage T7.

PMID- 167514
TI  - Clonal cells lines from a feral mouse embryo which lack host-range restrictions
      for murine leukemia viruses.

PMID- 167515
TI  - Further characterization of A population of defective, interfering pseudorabies
      virions.

PMID- 167517
TI  - The ultrastructure of disrupted herpesvirus nucleocapsids.

PMID- 167516
TI  - Alterations in membrane polypeptides of chick embryo fibroblasts induced by
      transformation with avian sarcoma viruses.

PMID- 167518
TI  - Preferential inhibition of growth and protein synthesis in Rous sarcoma virus
      transformed cells by diphtheria toxin.

PMID- 167519
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of the structural polypeptides of polyoma virus mutants.

PMID- 167520
TI  - Inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by araT.

PMID- 167521
TI  - Efficient release of murine xenotropic oncornavirus after murine leukemia virus
      infection of mouse cells.

PMID- 167522
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of H-1 parvovirus replication. I. Cytopathology produced
      in human NB epithelial cells and hamster embryo fibroblasts.

PMID- 167523
TI  - Friend leukemia and endogenous viruses. I. Production of friend and endogenous C
      type particles by mouse cells cultured in vitro.

PMID- 167525
TI  - [Relation between the etiology and course of respiratory viral infections and the
      ABO blood group system in young children].

PMID- 167524
TI  - Friend leukemia and mouse endogenous viruses. II. Proteins of Friend leukemia and
      mouse endogenous C-type particles produced by BALB/c mouse cell cultures.

PMID- 167526
TI  - [Disseminated intravascular clotting syndrome in a case of malignant insulinoma].

PMID- 167527
TI  - [Influence of age on EEG changes in epileptic patients].

PMID- 167528
TI  - Biological age and habitual physical activity in relation to physical fitness in
      12- and 13-year-old schoolboys.
AB  - PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between
      biological age, habitual physical activity and anthropometrical and physiological
      characteristics in 12- and 13-year-old schoolboys (n = 70). METHODS: At the
      beginning and the end of the school year 1971/2 biological age was determined by
      measuring skeletal age from left hand X-ray photographs. Habitual physical
      activity was determined by questionnaire interview and pedometers. RESULTS: All
      anthropometrical characteristics showed significant correlations (P less than
      0.05) with skeletal age except for bicipital and tricipital skinfolds. Out of 9
      physical fitness tests handgrip was the only test that showed a significant
      correlation (0.52) with skeletal age. Pedometer scores gave significant negative
      correlations (P less than 0.05) with anthropometrical characteristics except for
      tricipital skinfold. The fitness tests bent arm hang, 12 min run walk, sit and
      reach and W-170 showed significant correlations (P less than 0.05) with pedometer
      scores.

PMID- 167529
TI  - [Congenital anomalies of the urogenital system. 2].

PMID- 167530
TI  - Size and distribution of SV 40 DNA Sequences covalently linked with the DNA of
      permissive mammalian cells.
AB  - CV-1 cells productively infected with SV 40 contain viral DNA which is covalently
      linked with the host cell DNA. These linear duplex viral-host DNA molecules are
      replicated during the infectious cycle. They can be selectively isolated and
      purified by two successive cycles of DNA-DNA hybridization and elution steps
      using first CV-1 cell and then SV 40-DNA immobilized on filters. In an attempt to
      clarify the nature of the host DNA sequences neighbouring the viral DNA it was
      found that reiterated host DNA must be within the range of 800 bases from the
      viral sequences. Reassociation kinetics and treatment of the reassociated viral
      host DNA sequences with single strand-specific S1 nuclease have shown that unique
      host DNA sequences are always present in close neighbourhood of the viral DNA.
      Most of the SV 40 DNA sequences are probably intergrated as fragments of
      subgenomic length.

PMID- 167531
TI  - [Xenotransplantation of established tumor cells in congenital thymusless "nude"
      mice (author's transl)].
AB  - Successful xenotransplantation of 5 different established tumor cell-lines was
      performed in the congenital thymusless mouse mutant "nude". The tumors were one
      human carcinoma of the cervix (HeLa), one Burkitt's lymphoma as well as two
      Polyoma virus-induced tumors from rats and one spontaneous tumor from hamster.
      During an observation period of 21-28 days all cells formed rapidly growing
      tumors at the injection site. The critical cell dose varied in the different
      lines between 10-4 and 10-6 cells. Histological appearance of the neoplasias
      resembled that of the primary tumors. Two established lines from normal
      fibroblasts (3-T-3) and kidney (CV-1) failed to grow. Our results indicate that
      xenotransplantation in "nude" mice may serve as a simple in-vivo assay for
      testing the oncogenicity of tissue culture cells.

PMID- 167532
TI  - Respiratory activity of Ehrlich ascites tumour cell nuclei.
AB  - 1. Intact Ehrlich ascites tumour cells exhibit a residual respiration which is
      insensitive to site-specific inhibitors of mitochrondrial electron transport.
      Treatment of the tumour-bearing mice with phenobarbital does not influence the
      rate of this inhibitor-resistant respiration. 2. Among the respiratory pigments
      analysed spectrophotometrically in the microsomal fraction prepared from ascites
      cells, only small amounts of flavoproteins (NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and
      NADPH-cytochrome c reductase) were detectable. 3. Ascites-cell nuclei respire
      with NADH or NADPH, but not with succinate, as substrates and the respiration is
      unaffected by inhibitors of mitochondrial electron and energy transfer. These
      nuclei contain cytochrome b5, whereas cytochrome P-450 or mitochondrial-like
      cytochromes are lacking. 4. It is concluded that the NAD(P)H-dependent electron
      transport in nuclei is responsible for the inhibitor-insensitive O2 uptake of
      intact cells. Conversely, mixed function oxidation reactions of the endoplasmic
      reticulum have no role in this connection. Moreover, it is assumed that nuclear
      respiration is involved in the control of the cellular redox potential. 5. The
      relevance of the data obtained with respect to some assumptions concerning the
      biogenesis of the endoplasmic reticulum is discussed.

PMID- 167534
TI  - [Case of benign papillary hidradenoma].

PMID- 167533
TI  - The fine structure of the cysticercoid of Hymenolepis diminuta. III. The scolex.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopy of the scolex of the 8-day-old Hymenolepis
      diminuta cysticercoid demonstrates its resemblance to the scolex of the adult. A
      syncytial tegument composed of external and internal layers is connected by
      cytoplasmic extensions. Fully developed microtriches are present. Furthermore, a
      basement membrane, muscle layers, and medullary region containing flame cells,
      nerve tissue, and other cell bodies are observed. Of particular interest is the
      presence of discrete sensory endings whose function is discussed.

PMID- 167535
TI  - Studies on the immunizing capacity of orally administered particulate antigens.
      I. The efficiency of killed Bordetella pertussis cells.
AB  - The single i.p. injection of 2.5 times 10-8 killed B. pertussis cells protected
      23 out of a group of 24 NMRI mice (95.8%) against the subsequent intracerebral
      infection, whilst 13 out of 24 mice (54.2%) survived the intracerebral challenge
      with virulent B. pertussis cells after prior oral administration of 2.5 times 10
      11 killed B. pertussis cells, as demonstrated by the mouse protection test.
      Similar treatment with non-specific substances, such as egg white and saline, did
      not result in any increase of resistance. Systemic anaphylactic hypersensitivity
      to bovine serum albumin could also be achieved, when either both the protein
      antigen and the B. pertussis vaccine were given by the oral route or when the B.
      pertussis vaccine was injected intraperitoneally into mice which had received the
      soluble protein antigen by the oral route. Such effects were not produced at all
      in the reverse situation, when the B. pertussis vaccine was orally administered
      in mice, which were given the soluble protein antigen by the intraperitoneal
      route. After oral inoculation of 6 times 10-11 killed B. pertussis cells neither
      splenomegaly nor blood lymphocytosis became detectable. It is still unknown, in
      which manner the orally administered B. pertussis vaccine effects protection
      against the intracerebral infection with virulent bacteria as well as
      susceptibility for systemic anaphylaxis. The data presented do not favor the view
      that those effects are due to the phenomenon of persorption.

PMID- 167536
TI  - Outbursting wedges of the colonies of Clostridium welchii containing chain
      forming mutants after ultra violet irradiation.
AB  - Cl. welchii NCTC 6785 was irradiated with UV light. The 40 minutes irradiated
      cells after 3-8 days ageing at room temperature (22-25 degrees C) and 48 hours
      initial incubation at 37 degrees C produced hairy outbursting wedges. These
      wedges gave rise to the colonies composed of chain forming mutants, which on
      transfer into the fluid medium grew into a pure chain forming culture.

PMID- 167537
TI  - [Pass-way of Epstein-Barr virus in the abortive infection of human lymphoid cells
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Biologically active, 3-H-thymidine-labeled Epstein-Barr virus has been purified
      by a method, specifically developed for these experiments, and used to infect the
      human lymphoid cell lines NC37 and Raji. At a late stage of this abortive
      infection (after 40 hr), 3-H-DNA has been recovered from the nuclei of the
      infected cells. This DNA has the density and size of free viral DNA. No evidence
      for integration was observed, in that less than 0,5 viral genome per cell had
      become covalently bound to cellular DNA. Simultaneously, the viral infection was
      studied by electron-microscopy.

PMID- 167538
TI  - Pseudomonas cytochrome c peroxidase. X. The effect of Pseudomonas neutral
      proteinase on the enzyme molecule.

PMID- 167539
TI  - Clinical cytology of the liver.
AB  - A combined cytologic and histologic study of 149 needle-biopsy specimens of liver
      tissue was done. These specimens represented a wide range of normal and
      pathologic conditions. Malignancy was demonstrated in 27 cases--18 by both
      methods of study, one by histologic study alone, and eight by cytologic study
      alone. In the last group of eight, four were considered conclusive for malignancy
      and four were suspicious. These results confirm the findings of others who also
      report the advantages of combined cytologic and histologic study of needle-biopsy
      specimens for diagnosing malignancy. Similar results have been obtained with
      cytologic study of fine-needle aspirates. The commonly occurring cytologic
      findings in liver specimens are presented with a brief discussion of the
      specificity of the cytologic diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma.

PMID- 167541
TI  - Water structure in striated muscle by spin labelling technique.
AB  - The electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra of a nitroxide-type free
      radical (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinooxyl, tempol) of equilibrated in
      muscle water were measured. The results were analyzed in terms of the correlation
      time or microviscosity. The correlation time of spin probe was only four-five
      times higher in muscle water than in physiological solutions. The mobility
      gradually decreased with decreasing relative water content, a restricted mobility
      having been observed at low relative water content (i equals 0.3) only. The
      experimental results can be interpreted without assuming the major part of water
      phase in striated muscle to be ice-like or semicrystalline.

PMID- 167540
TI  - Cytologic detection of early Paget's disease of breast with improved cellular
      collection method.
AB  - Improved cellular collection method and cytologic criteria for diagnosis of
      Paget's disease of the breast are presented. When indicated, the cytologic test
      is highly recommended for the early detection and pre-operative diagnosis of the
      minimal breast cancer10.

PMID- 167542
TI  - Enhanced vesicular transport of exogenous peroxidase across cerebral vessels,
      induced by serotonin.
AB  - Previous studies have revealed that the endothelial cells of cerebral vessels are
      linked by tight junctions preventing an intercellular passage of exogenous
      peroxidase. However, under normal conditions, vesicular transport of the tracer
      has been demonstrated in parts of cerebral vessels, especially in arterioles with
      a diameter of 30-100 mu. Solutions, containing 50-800 mug of buffered 5
      hydroxytryptamine sulphate (serotonin), were perfused through the cerebral
      ventricles on mice after intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase.
      Usually, the biogenic amine enhanced the vesicular transport of exogenous
      peroxidase. The serotonin-induced increased transport was observed in vessels on
      the surface of the brain as well as in vessels located in the parenchyma. No cell
      damage was observed. Increased transport was observed in arterioles, venules, and
      in capillaries. Therefore, it is not likely that the serotonin effect is a
      constriction of smooth muscle cells causing an opening of the tight junctions
      followed by an intercellular movement of tracer. The most reasonable assumption
      behind the mechanism is that serotonin affects the plasmamembrane of endothelial
      cells resulting in an enhanced production and transfer of cytoplasmic vesicles.

PMID- 167544
TI  - Degenerative changes in the human vestibular sensory epithelia.
AB  - A study of the vestibular end organs from humans of different ages is presented.
      The inner ears were exposed by microdissection, and the vestibular sensory
      regions were either sectioned and studied with light or electron microscopy, or
      prepared and studied with the surface specimen technique. A change, which can be
      related to aging, is the accumulation of lipofuscin inclusions in sensory and
      supporting cells, especially pronounced in the type I sensory cell. Changes of
      the hair bundles, such as disarrangement of cilia, increased fragility of cilia
      and formation of giant cilia, have also been observed in aged individuals. In
      three cases there was a history of vestibular disturbance of vertigo. All three
      cases had shown caloric hypo-reactivity. In two cases, one with a history of
      herpes zoster oticus and another with a brain stem glioma, no morphological
      changes which could be attributed to the diseases, were found. The third case
      showed degeneration of macula utriculi and the lateral and superior cristae,
      possibly as a result of vascular disturbance.

PMID- 167543
TI  - Calcium metabolism.
AB  - It is evident that in the past decade much new information has been gathered
      regarding calcium metabolism at the physiological and extracellular level. In
      addition, new information is becoming available regarding intracellular
      mechanisms of calcium transport and mobilization. Finally, during the past decade
      the hormone calcitonin has been introduced as well as a hormone derived from
      vitamin D, namely 1,25-(OH)2D3, has been discovered and demonstrated to play a
      central role in the regulation of calcium metabolism. The exciting developments
      will undoubtedly foster the revelation of new information during the next decade
      which hopefully will bring about an elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of
      calcium metabolism.

PMID- 167545
TI  - Renal tumours in children.
AB  - A ten-year series of renal tumours in children up to 14 years of age was
      collected from the files of the Finnish Cancer Register. After histological
      evaluation of the material, 74 cases were accepted as primary renal tumours.
      Fifty-eight of these were typical Wilms' tumours, three rhabdomyosarcomas, six
      foetal hamartomas and seven unclassified malignant tumours. Wilms' tumours were
      classified into three types on the basis of the histological differentiation. The
      total five year survival in the Wilms group was 50 per cent with no difference
      between patients over and under the age of one year. Of the subtypes of Wilms'
      tumours the sarcomatous type showed worse prognosis than average; only three out
      of 16 patients were alive after a five-year follow-up time. None of the patients
      with foetal hamartoma died of tumour, although two fatalities, connected with the
      surgery, were recorded. The value of histological classification of Wilms'
      tumours and the importance of the recognition of the foetal hamartoma is
      emphasized.

PMID- 167546
TI  - The effects of fluostigmine, phospholine and compound 217 AO on abnormalities of
      muscle action potentials caused by complete inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 167547
TI  - Carbon monoxide as a degradation product of cytochrome C and of ascorbic acid.
AB  - Cytochrome c has been incubated with 4 different reducing agents at 37 degrees C
      for 24 h at pH 7.0, and the spectral changes and the production of carbon
      monoxide have been followed. Only with hydrazine hydrate cytochrome c produced
      some carbon monoxide. Accidentally, carbon monoxide formation from ascorbic acid
      was found, amounting to about 0.1 mumol from 15 mumol of ascorbic acid in 24 h
      under the above conditions.

PMID- 167548
TI  - Rate limiting factors in sympathetic neurotransmitter secretion.
AB  - Isolated superfused field stimulated preparations of guinea-pig vas deferens, in
      which the neural stores of noradrenaline (NA) had been labelled by preincubation
      with tritium-marked (-)-NA, were used to study the factors regulating the amount
      of NA secreted from the nerves, per applied shock. The results indicate that
      "Stimulation secretion coupling" in this tissue is subject to 2 different kinds
      of facilitation, one independent and one dependent on nerve stimulation
      frequency. Kinetic analysis of the calcium dependence of transmitter secretion,
      after removal of alpha-adrenoceptor mediated negative feedback control, suggests
      that there is a definite upper limit to the amount of transmitter which can be
      secreted, per pulse, from each "secretary area" of the nerves. The low Q(10)
      value of this apparent V(maz) suggests that the rate limiting factor is non
      enzymatic in nature. It is proposed that the ultimately rate limiting factor in
      NA secretion may rather be the number of vesicles in each potential "secretary
      area" which are in a suitable position within the nerve for active participation
      in the secretion of transmitter.

PMID- 167549
TI  - Effects on the ventral spinocerebellar tract neurones from Deiters' nucleus and
      the medial longitudinal fascicle in the cat.
AB  - Effects from the vestibulospinal tract (VST) and from fibres descending in the
      medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF) on the cells of origin of the ventral
      spinocerebellar tract (VSCT) have been studied with intracellular recording. Out
      of 110 VSCT neurones, the VST evoked monosynaptic EPSPs in 27, di- or
      polysynaptic EPSPs in 56 and disynaptic IPSPs in 26. In 93 tested VSCT cells, MLF
      stimulation evoked monosynaptic EPSPs in 26, monosynaptic IPSPs in 2, di- or
      polysynaptic EPSPs in 25 and disynaptic IPSPs in 21. Convergence of monosynaptic
      EPSPs from VST and MLF was found in a small proportion of cells whereas the two
      descending pathways evoked reciprocal effects in another small group of neurones.
      Convergence of monosynaptic EPSPs from VST or MLF and from group I afferents was
      also modest. In 9 VSCT neurones there was convergence of monosynaptic excitation
      and disynaptic inhibition from the vestibulospinal tract and the same pattern
      from MLF was recorded in 9 neurones. The results are discussed in view of the
      hypothesis that VSCT neurones carry information on the interneuronal
      ttransmission in the spinal cord.

PMID- 167550
TI  - Mitochondrial respiration in the ventricular myocardium and in the white and deep
      red myotomal muscles of juvenile tuna fish (thunnus thynnus L.).
AB  - The respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from the outer and inner layers
      of the ventricular myocardium and from the white and deep red myotomal muscles of
      juvenile Thunnus thynnus has been compared. The highest values for the succinate
      oxidase and succinate cytochrome c reductase activities have been found in the
      mitochondria of the outer myocardial layer, followed by mitochondria of the deep
      red muscle, the inner myocardial layer and the white muscle in that order.
      Differences in mitochondrial NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity run parallel,
      in a lower order of magnitude, to the differences in the oxidation of succinate.
      This finding is discussed in relation to the different metabolic attitudes of the
      muscle tissues towards anaerobic glycolysis. The outer myocardial layer of the
      juvenile tuna ventricle has been shown to have a higher metabolic activity than
      the inner layer, in contrast to the situation in adult ventricular myocardium.

PMID- 167551
TI  - The action of dibutyryl adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid and
      theophylline on the isolated cat parotid gland.
AB  - In the isolated cat parotid gland intraarterially applied dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      (db-cAMP) (1.0 mM) produced a slow, but often maintained salivary flow. db-cAMP
      was also able to potentiate secretion evoked by supramaximal doses of
      intraarterially applied acetylcholine. Similar secretory effects were obtained
      also after intraarterial application of theophylline (1.0 mM). The secretory
      responses due to db-cAMP or theophylline were unaccompanied by measurable acinar
      membrane potential changes and stayed unchanged after cutting the parasympathetic
      innervation of the gland and after blocking both cholinergic and beta-adrenergic
      receptors with atropine (10-minus 7 M), and with D-(minus)-N-isopropyl-p
      nitrophenol-ethanolamine (INPEA) (10-minus 5 M), respectively. The possibility of
      the existence of an acinar adenylate cyclase system functionally linked to the
      beta-adrenergic membrane receptor is discussed.

PMID- 167552
TI  - Disturbances in lipid composition of serum lipoproteins in patients with chronic
      renal failure.

PMID- 167553
TI  - Adult hypophosphatasia.
AB  - A case of adult hypophosphatasia under treatment with a high orthophosphate (P1)
      intake is described. The patient is a 53-year-old woman. Her symptoms have
      progressed for seven years, and it has been necessary to perform osteosynthesis
      of both crura. The diagnosis rests upon a characteristic clinical picture, low
      serum alkaline phosphatase activity, high urinary excretion of
      phosphoethanolamine, and an invariably elevated concentration of inorganic
      pyrophosphate (PP1) in plasma accompanied by a very high excretion of this
      compound in the urine. An improved technique allowed specific determinations of
      microquantities of PP1 in biologic materials. The concentrations of PP1 in the
      plasma and urine remained unchanged when the patient's intake of phosphorus was
      increased to 1.98 g/day. The PP1/P1 ratio in the urine was 10-20 before
      treatment. During treatment P1 excretion increased. PP1 excretion did not change,
      and the ratio decreased to around 7. The renal tubular transport of PP1 probably
      was saturated, and therefore PP1, which was circulating in abnormally high
      concentrations in the patient's fluids, could not be removed by loading with P1.
      Four months of treatment did not benefit the patient.

PMID- 167554
TI  - Mammalian liver alcohol dehydrogenases.
AB  - Literature on the properties of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from man, horse
      and rat is reviewed and discussed under two major headings: 1) physical and
      chemical properties of ADH and 2) structure-function relationship in isoenzymes.
      Under the first heading are discussed: molecular weight, subunit composition
      catalytic sites per molecule, sulfhydryl groups, end groups, amino acid
      composition, role of Zn++ in the structure and function, coenzyme specificity and
      binding, conformational changes, substrate specificity, catalytic mechanism and
      recent results from x-ray crystallography of horse liver ADH. The physicochemical
      properties of ADH from man, horse and rat are for the most part similar. All
      three enzymes have identical molecular weights, similar amino acid compositions,
      consist of two subunits, and are all metalloenzymes containing Zn++: horse and
      human ADH contain one coenzyme binding site per subunit; no results are available
      for the rat ADH. ADH catalyses interconversion of a large variety of saturated
      and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and the corresponding aldehydes
      and ketones utilizing NAD(H). The physiological role of ADH is uncertain. ADH
      readily combines with reduced coenzymes to form binary complexes with low
      dissociation constants (10-7 to 10-8M); in the ternary complexes with coenzymes
      and substrate-competitive inhibitors, these constants are even lower. In the
      presence of suitable inhibitors, the enzymes can be titrated by coenzymes
      employing fluorometric and spectrophotometric procedures. The rate of the overall
      reaction catalyzed by ADH is determined by the dissociation rates of coenzymes,
      the slowest steps in the reaction sequence. Under the second heading are
      discussed: liver ADH isoenzymes of horse, man, rat, rhesus monkey and other
      species, and the significance of steroid activity which accounts for the distinct
      substrate specificity of some isoenzymes. ADH from horse liver is a heterogeneous
      enzyme consisting of subunits of distinct substrate specificity and primary
      structure. The difference in the amino acid sequence between subunit E (active
      with classical ADH substrates, but not with steroids) and subunit S (active also
      with steroids) amounts to six amino acids out of 374. Human ADH is also
      heterogeneous, and at least five genes code for polypeptides which, by
      dimerization, form different isoenzymes. Experimental evidence suggests that rat
      ADH is a single unique protein which, like horse liver ADH, SS, is active with
      steroids. The physiological significance of steroid activity of ADHs is unknown.
      (Four tables with comparative data and one figure are presented).

PMID- 167555
TI  - The effects of aliphatic alcohols on the biophysical and biochemical correlates
      of membrane function.
AB  - The simplicity of the structure of aliphatic alcohols suggests that their
      interaction with receptors in the classical sense is unlikely. The actions of
      alcohols may involve a relatively nonspecific disruption of cell membranes,
      possibly physically dissolving into neuronal membranes especially, resulting in
      the malfunction of normal physiological processes. Studies of alcohol-membrane
      interactions have employed the use of artificial and nonneural membranes,
      invertebrate neurons for electrophysiological measurements and brain tissue for
      studying ion fluxes and enzymatic activities. For the most part these studies
      have been inclusive because high concentrations of alcohols were needed to elicit
      any effect. Also, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to in vivo mammalian
      systems, especially relative to the clinical signs of depression of the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 167556
TI  - Interactions of ethanol with cyclic AMP.
AB  - Ethanol and other alcohols stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in various
      tissues and potentiate its stimulation by some hormones. This effect, however,
      usually requires a high alcohol concentration. In some cases, an unknown
      substance, different from cyclic AMP, was formed from ATP in the presence of an
      alcohol and mimicked stimulation of adenylate cyclase. Ethanol inhibits
      phosphodiesterase activity in some tissues. In the brain, only the low affinity
      enzyme of pons-medulla region is inhibited. ATP levels and ATPase activities are
      affected by ethanol treatment and this can lead to secondary changes of the
      cyclic AMP levels. Cyclic AMP levels in the brain and liver are decreased by
      acute ethanol administration while levels in other organs are unchanged. High
      doses of ethanol inhibit the postdecapitation-induced rise of cyclic AMP level in
      the brain while low ethanol doses potentiate the postdecapitation rise of cyclic
      AMP in the lower brain stem. Chronic ethanol administration increases basal
      adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP levels, and decreases stimulation of
      adenylate cyclase by norepinephrine in the brain. In contrast, the stimulation of
      cyclic AMP formation by norepinephrine and other biogenic amines is increased in
      the brain of ethanol-withdrawn animals. Chronic administration of ethanol affects
      also cyclic AMP levels and cyclic AMP formation in some peripheral organs. Cyclic
      AMP might be involved in ethanol-induced fatty liver, since it activates hepatic
      lipase and might also participate in the fatty acid oxidation.

PMID- 167557
TI  - Rate-limiting steps in ethanol metabolism and approaches to changing these rates
      biochemically.
AB  - Ethanol is oxidized to acetate primarily by a system involving liver alcohol and
      aldehyde dehydrogenases coupled with reoxidation of NADH by the mitochondria. All
      of these steps are at least partially rate-limiting in ethanol metabolism, with
      alcohol dehydrogenase and oxidative phosphorylation probably slower than the
      others. More research is required to assess the quantitative roles of various
      steps. Many agents are ineffective in changing the rate of metabolism of ethanol,
      but fructose and dinitrophenol may increase the rate by up to 1.5-fold in vivo.
      The failure of single agents to increase the rate substantially may indicate that
      when one step is accelerated, another step becomes rate-limited. Therefore,
      combinations of agents that affect several steps simultaneously may be required
      for acceleration. Effective experimental methods for inhibiting alcohol
      dehydrogenase in vivo are available.

PMID- 167558
TI  - The relationship of diet and atherosclerosis in diabetic Macaca nigra.

PMID- 167559
TI  - The effects of feeding various carbohydrates on the development of
      hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
AB  - It is possible to establish atherosclerosis in rabbits by feeding semi-synthetic
      diets that are high in carbohydrate and saturated fat and devoid of cholesterol.
      Addition of saturated fat to laboratory chow does not render the chow
      atherogenic. When rabbits were fed diets which differ only in the carbohydrate
      component, starch was found to be more atherogenic than sucrose which, in turn,
      was more atherogenic than glucose. All the diets were hypercholesteremic and
      hypertriglyceridemic. In another series of experiments diets containing fructose
      or sucrose were more atherogenic than diets containing glucose, lactose or
      sorbitol. Baboons were feed semi-synthetic diets containing fructose, sucrose,
      starch or glucose (but no cholesterol) for one year. Serum cholesterol levels
      were 155-165 mg/dl in all test groups. The normal baboon cholesterol level is 115
      mg/dl. Serum triglycerides were elevated from the normal level of 73 mg/dl to
      about 110 mg/dl in the groups fed starch and glucose and to about 125 mg/dl in
      the groups fed fructose and sucrose. Liver and lung cholesterol ester levels were
      also raised. The test groups all showed aortic sudanophilia. The most severe
      sudanophilia was observed in the fructose group (11.2% of surface area) and the
      least in the glucose group (6.2% of surface area). The biliary cholesterol
      specific activities (after administration of (3-H)-melvalonic acid) were the same
      in all groups, but biliary bile acid specific activity was higher in the control
      baboons than in test animals. These data, plus the higher primary/secondary bile
      acid ratio observed in the test animals, suggest that reduced bile acid synthesis
      may be one cause of the hypercholesteremia observed in animals fed the semi
      synthetic diets.

PMID- 167561
TI  - Drugs and foods on contraction of endothelial cells as a key mechanism in
      atherogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis with endothelial-cell relaxants
      (cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors).

PMID- 167560
TI  - Diet and human atherosclerosis-carbohydrates.

PMID- 167562
TI  - Peripheral neuropathy in baboons.

PMID- 167564
TI  - Antimuscarinic actions of neuroleptic drugs.

PMID- 167563
TI  - Electrophysiology of dopamine receptors.

PMID- 167565
TI  - Actions of dopaminergic agonists on cyclic AMP production in rat brain
      homogenates.

PMID- 167566
TI  - Piribedil and apomorphine: pre- and postsynaptic effects on dopamine synthesis
      and neuronal activity.
AB  - Piribedil and apomorphine can cause a complete but temporary inhibition in firing
      of the DA-containing neurons. The cells recover to approximately 30 to 40% of the
      original firing rate, and with subsequent administration of the drug become more
      and more resistant to further inhibition. At this point they are also resistant
      to inhibition by other direct- or indirect-acting DA agonists that are normally
      able to inhibit the firing of DA cells. This effect may be due to an interaction
      of the DA agonists with the postsynaptic DA receptors, but apomorphine at least
      is able to inhibit the firing of DA cells directly when iontophoresed onto the DA
      cell body (Aghajanian and Bunney, 1973). These drugs can block the increase in DA
      synthesis observed in the absence of impulse flow, indicating a presynaptic site
      of acttion. Taken together, these results suggest that in interpreting the
      effects of drugs interacting with the DA systems several points of interaction
      should be considered.

PMID- 167567
TI  - Modification of involuntary movements by centrally acting drugs.

PMID- 167568
TI  - Dopaminergic supersensitivity in the striatum.

PMID- 167569
TI  - Dopamine supersensitivity in the hypothalamus?

PMID- 167570
TI  - The efficiency of protective hoods used by sandblasters to reduce silica dust
      exposure.
AB  - Several types of respiratory protective hoods used by sandblasters were
      investigated in two steel fabrication yards. MSA Gravimetric Dust Samplers were
      used to collect respirable dust samples outside and inside hoods during
      sandblasting. Colorimetric and x-ray diffraction techniques were applied to the
      samples for free-silica determination. The majority of the sandblasters, who wore
      various types of air-supplied hoods, were exposed to an average level of silica
      dust several times higher than the TLV. Sandblasters wearing non-air-supplied
      hoods were at the greatest risk. Modern well maintained and properly worn air
      supplied hoods offered fair protection during sandblasting periods, but the
      concentration of suspended respirable dust in ambient air during non-blasting
      intervals exceeded the TLV by several times.

PMID- 167572
TI  - A technique for dynamic calibration of a continuous toluene diisocyanate monitor.
AB  - A method was developed for generation of atmospheric concentrations of toluene
      dissocyanate at 0.005 to 0.08 parts per million. This paper describes an
      analytical methods for the calibration of a continuous 701 Monitor using a
      diffusion cell to generate constant concentrations of TDI.

PMID- 167571
TI  - A retrospective study of clinical, physiologic and immunologic changes in workers
      exposed to toluene diisocyanate.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of workers in a toluene disocyanate plant using an
      immunologic test procedure developed at the NIOSH laboratories. Case histories of
      32 workers in seven response groupings are presented. Sensitization was found to
      correlate with the frequency and severity of significant exposures to TDI.
      Immunologic changes producing tolerance to TDI exposure also resulted in negative
      response to the antigen challenge tests. Some individuals exposed to TDI may have
      protective antibodies but still experience bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 167573
TI  - Policy and procedural guidelines for the health and safety of workers in virus
      laboratories.
AB  - Through the use of a (a) a questionnaire, designed to elicit background
      information, (b) a serological survey, designed to obtain a picture of virus
      dissemination, and (c) a library review, designed to gain insight into the area
      of virus laboratory problems, the state of hazard in animal virus laboratories at
      Yale was evaluated. On the basis of this evaluation, a series of recommended
      guidelines for protecting the health and safety of workers in those laboratories
      was formulated.

PMID- 167574
TI  - The genesis of cell types in the adenohypophysis of the human fetus as observed
      with immunocytochemistry.
AB  - Hypophyses of 21 human fetuses, ranging in gestational age from 6 to 23 weeks,
      were studied by immunocytochemical and histological staining to ascertain (1) the
      time of origin of specific cell types and (2) the development of parenchymal cell
      zonation in the pars distalis. No hormones were identified at six weeks. Probable
      corticotrophin-containing cells appeared at seven weeks. Somatotrophs were
      observed first at 10.5 weeks; correlation with other reports indicates that they
      appear at eight to nine weeks. Melanotrophs were detected at 14 weeks; the cells
      containing melanotrophin were far fewer than corticotrophs. The youngest fetus to
      possess gonadotrophs was 10.5 weeks old. In all specimens gonadotrophs (LH-cells)
      stained well with immunocytochemical procedures but poorly with histological
      methods. Thyrotrophs first occurred at 13 weeks. Zonal distribution of cell types
      in the pars distalis was evident almost from the time of their appearance.
      Somatotrophs were most numerous laterally and immediately anterior to the
      residual cleft. At 10.5 weeks corticotrophs were confined chiefly to the borders
      of vascularized connective tissue (trabeculae) and to the lateral peripheral
      region of the pars distalis. Thyrotrophs appeared chiefly in the anteromedian
      zone, particularly in its superior portion, but were found laterally also. In the
      older specimens, gonadotrophs generally occurred throughout the pars distalis but
      were less numerous near the trabeculae and in the anterolateral region. There was
      good correlation between the time of appearance of various cell types and
      published data on secretory capacity of the gland.

PMID- 167575
TI  - Morphological effects of a large single dose of cycloheximide on the intestinal
      epithelium of the rat.
AB  - Adult male rats received 15 mg/kg cycloheximide and the subsequent morphological
      effects at three and six hours after injection were evaluated using histometry,
      light and electron microscopy, histological demonstration of terminal web and
      acid phosphatase, and radioautography with tritiated thymidine. Rapid atrophy of
      the villi took place, progressing from the villus tip by premature exfoliation of
      epithelial cells. The crypts also diminished by random exfoliation of many crypt
      cells and by partial or complete disintegration. Mitosis and epithelial cell
      migration were absent. By six hours, the area occupied by the villi and the
      crypts per unit length of histological section was decreased by about 70-90% in
      most of the small intestine but only by about 40-60% in the duodenum and the
      terminal ileum. In the upper half of the villi, the epithelium was strongly
      positive for acid phosphatase and contained large numbers of round bodies
      resembling primary lysosomes. In the lower half, the microvillous border and
      terminal web were found to be disrupted. Animals receiving only 5 mg/kg
      cycloheximide also showed the atrophy of villi and crypts, and the round bodies
      resembling lysosomes. Evidence from several sources has indicated that protein
      synthesis in normal villus epithelial cells subsides toward the villus tip and
      becomes minimal at exfoliation. At exfoliation, proteins responsible for
      epithelial cohesion probably fail because they are no longer replenished.
      Cycloheximide appears to accelerate this process.

PMID- 167577
TI  - Cytomegalovirus studies of autopsy tissue. II. Incidence of inclusion bodies and
      related pathologic data.
AB  - Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) were recovered from lung tissue in 34 (6.8%) of 502
      unselected autopsy cases. Inclusion bodies were detected in the lung in nine of
      these cases (26%) and in organs other than the lung in three others. Overall, the
      incidence of inclusion bodies in this series of 502 cases was 2.4%. Our data
      strongly indicate that virus isolation is more sensitive than histopathologic
      study in establishing the presence of CMV infection. However, CMV was not
      recovered from one kidney and one liver in which inclusion bodies were present,
      although the virus was isolated from lung. Four of five cases of renal allograft
      rejection were positive for both CMV and inclusion bodies. The incidence of CMV
      recovery and inclusion body detection in leukemia and lymphoma cases was more
      than twice that in cases with other diseases. CMV inclusion bodies with or
      without associated inflammation were found, in descending order of frequency, in
      the lung, kidney, liver, pancreas, adrenal gland, esophagus, prostate, testes,
      thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and
      heart.

PMID- 167576
TI  - Cytomegalovirus studies of autopsy tissue.  I. Virus isolation.
AB  - From January through September 1973, 55 virus isolates were recovered from lung
      and kidney specimens from 44 (8.8%) of 502 unselected autopsy cases.
      Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was isolated 42 times in 34 cases (36 from lung, four from
      kidney, and one each from pleural and bronchial tissues). Virus isolation was
      approximately six times more sensitive than histologic detection of CMV
      infections. Major causes of death included solid malignant tumors, leukemia,
      lymphoma, and renal allograft rejection; 13 patients had a variety of other
      diseases, predominantly cardiopulmonary. CMV was recovered from more males than
      females. The mean age of the CMV-positive group did not differ significantly from
      that of the CMV-negative group. CMV-positive cases were not preselected on the
      basis of specimen processing time. Serologic results indicate that recovery of
      CMV from an autopsy case was seven times more likely when the complement-fixing
      antibody titer was 1:16 or more.

PMID- 167578
TI  - The radiology corner*: glomus tumor of the stomach.

PMID- 167579
TI  - Ultrastructure of the skeletal muscles in acromegaly--before and after
      hypophysectomy.
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of the skeletal muscles in a patient with
      acromegaly and marked elevation of the serum growth hormone reveals altered
      mitochondria (pleomorphism, elongation, matrical pallor, and cristae
      abnormalities), glycogen granules infiltration, inclusion bodies, and vesicular
      dilatations.  Nine months after surgical removal of the pituitary tumor, the
      serum growth hormone levels were markedly diminished.  A repeat examination of
      the skeletal muscle shows that the previous ultrastructural changes in the
      muscles are related to the growth hormone levels.

PMID- 167580
TI  - Action-oriented family therapy.

PMID- 167581
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration of the breast in an obstetrics and gynecology hospital.

PMID- 167582
TI  - Anaerobic infections of the female genital tract.
AB  - Anaerobic bacterial organisms are a frequent cause of female genital tract
      infections. There has been a lack of appreciation of the significant role
      anaerobes play in obstetric and gynecologic infections. Utilization of newer
      appropriate anaerobic culture techniques has shown the importance of these
      organisms as pathogens in serious infections of the genital tract. Many species
      of anaerobic bacteria appear to be part of the normal microflora of the lower
      genital tract in female subjects. Similar organisms are frequently isolated from
      pelvic infections. Bacteroides, anaerobic cocci, and Clostridia are the most
      commonly isolated anaerobes associated with clinical infections. The clinician
      must recognize the presence of anaerobic infections, utilize proper anaerobic
      culture methods, and institute appropriate antibiotic and/or surgical therapy.

PMID- 167584
TI  - Resocialization of schizophrenic patients.
AB  - An increasing number of chronic schizophrenic veterans is being discharged
      through various community placement programs. Because of years of separation from
      the social changes that have occurred in the society they once knew, these
      veterans need to be reoriented to community living. This study describes the
      responses of four chronic schizophrenic veterans who participated in a program of
      intensive reorientation. After exposure to this program, the veterans' ability to
      show empathy for one another was more eventful than their accomplishment of
      specific skills. Follow-up evaluations indicated that the veterans had gained
      social interest and competence and demonstrated less pathology.

PMID- 167583
TI  - Comparison of antibiotic therapy in presumptive bacterial conjunctivitis.
AB  - One hundred twenty patients who met criteria for presumptive bacterial infections
      of the conjunctiva were closely recorded for two weeks in a double-blind study
      that compared the effectiveness of gentamicin with a combination of neomycin and
      polymyxin B sulfates. The neomycin and polymyxin B combination demonstrated
      statistical superiority as measured by patient improvement and failure to respond
      to therapy. However, difficulties including chance distribution of bacteria and
      variability of organism resistance may have detracted from statistical results.

PMID- 167585
TI  - Cytochemical localization of lysosomal enzyme activity in normal and ischemic dog
      myocardium.
AB  - The effect of ischemia on the integrity of myocardial lysosomes was observed 3
      1/2 and 24 hours after the production of infarcts in 20 anesthetized closed-chest
      dogs by electrically induced thrombosis of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery. Biopsies from normal, marginal and infarcted areas were fixed and
      incubated to localize the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase and aryl sulphatase.
      Reaction product in normal cells was localized in small circular or oblong
      profiles between bundles of myofilaments and adjacent to mitochondria. In
      addition, curvilinear, membrane-bound profiles containing reaction product were
      found in close apposition to transverse tubules and near the free margins of the
      myocardial cells. Thus the distribution of elements of the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum. Additional reaction product was also seen in residual bodies, on
      myelin figures, and in the few conventional appearing spherical lysosomes. Little
      or no acid phosphatase or aryl sulphatase reaction product was seen in the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum of infarcted myocardium. The degree of cellular
      degeneration correlated with disappearance of enzyme activity from the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum and included disruption of membranes and loss of
      mitochondrial matrix and erosion of I but not A bands. Marginal areas showed
      variable amounts of cellular degeneration. Separation of myofilament bundles and
      loss of glycogen correlated with the localized disappearance of acid phosphatase
      and aryl sulphatase activity in marginal tissue. Disruption of mitochondrial and
      erosion of I bands correlated with extensive loss of these enzymes. The data
      suggest that degeneration of myocardial cells following ischemic injury is
      associated with release of endogenous lysosomal enzymes from the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 167586
TI  - Mixed endocrine pancreatic tumors producing several peptide hormones.
AB  - Twenty-four endocrine pancreatic tumors were examined immunohistochemically for
      insulin, glucagon, gastrin and ACTH. In seven of these tumors, more than one
      peptide-hormone-containing cell type was observed. These seven tumors were also
      examined with conventional staining methods for the presence of A1, A2, and B
      cells. The results showed that these staining methods do not always distinguish
      between the different hormone-producing cell types of endocrine pancreatic
      tumors. In spite of the fact that several types of hormone-secreting cells were
      found in the tumors, the case histories described symptoms characteristic of
      hypersecretion of only one of the hormones. The hormone of the predominating cell
      type could not always explain the clinical symptoms. Our results indicate the
      endocrine pancreatic tumors often are multihormonal. Therefore, it would seem
      advisable to screen serum from all insuloma patients for a variety of peptide
      hormones.

PMID- 167587
TI  - Experimental parainfluenza-type-1-virus-induced encephalopathy in the adult
      mouse. An ultrastructural study of early lesions.
AB  - The adult mouse inoculated intracerebrally with 6/94 strain of parainfluenza type
      1 virus developed selective degenerative lesions in cerebral white matter.
      Ultrastrucrally, the infiltration of mononuclear cells, mostly lymphoid cells,
      apparently preceded the alterations of white matter parenchyma. The prominent
      feature of the white matter lesion was a lytic degeneration of both axon and
      myelin that seemed to be triggered by the mononuclear cell infiltration.
      Nucleocapsids of paramyxovirus were found only in ependymal cells and the very
      early stages of the infection. It is suggested that the mechanism of the white
      matter degeneration might be that of a virus-induced cell-mediated immune
      response directed at both the axon and myelin.

PMID- 167588
TI  - Phylogenetic significance of the skin of New World monkeys (order primates,
      infraorder Platyrrhini).
AB  - The combined properties of a given cutaneous system, like other characters
      classically employed by systematic zoologists, are useful criteria in the
      assessment of primate taxonomy and phylogeny. From the synthesis of all available
      data, it is also concluded that (1) the results define a baseline regarding the
      normal histology and histochemistry of the skin of most genera and many species
      of New World monkeys; (2) intrageneric and intraspecific subtleties in cutaneous
      variation exist in primate integument; (3) single and multiple cutaneous traits
      contribute to the characterization and accurate identification of most levels of
      taxa within the primate hierarchy; (4) some traits, however, negate recent
      taxonomic practices, e.g., the familial position of Callimico; (5) basic
      cutaneous patterns confirm currently accepted concepts of taxonomy and phylogeny;
      and (6) the various cutaneous signatures of extant platyrrhines record a history
      of adaptive radiation in isolation, and suggest that the designation of at least
      two distinct families is warranted.

PMID- 167589
TI  - Age changes in the pubic symphysis of Macaca mulatta.
AB  - Age changes in the pubic symphyses of 142 Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (known
      age, sex and maternal genealogy) are described. Symphyseal development is
      sexually dimorphic. Males generate a ridge and furrow system which is gradually
      replaced by a solid ankylosis at the mid-sagittal plane. Female development
      parallels that of the male until puberty. With pregnancy and delivery, relaxation
      and reaggregation of pelvic ligaments binding the  symphysis destroy the
      symphyseal face. Continued bearing of offspring inhibits mid-sagittal ankylosis.
      Limited estimates of skeletal age can be made by using symphyseal development as
      an indicator of senescence.

PMID- 167590
TI  - Impaired renal response to parathyroid hormone in potassium depletion.
AB  - In potassium depletion, a possible alteration of the proximal tubular response to
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) was evaluated in rat kidney. 1) There were impairments
      of both phosphaturic and urinary cyclic AMP responses to PTH. The site of the
      impairment was further investigated by studying the PTH-dependent cycle AMP
      system in renal cortex. 2) There was a lesser increase of cyclic AMP
      concentration by PTH in potassium-depleted slices, indicating the lesser urinary
      cyclic AMP was due to the specific impairment of PTH-dependent cyclic AMP in the
      kidney. 3). The activation of adenylate cyclase by PTH was impaired , but
      phosphodiesterase activity was not affected by potassium depletion, indicating
      the impairment of cyclic AMP generation  was due to inhibition of adenylate
      cyclase. 4) The  phosphaturic response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP infusion was also
      significantly less in the potassium-depleted animals, indicating the step
      subsquent to the cyclic AMP generation  is also impaired. All above results
      indicate that, in potassium depletion, the renal response to PTH is impaired, and
      the impairment is both within the step of cyclic AMP generation and after the
      cyclic AMP generation.

PMID- 167591
TI  - Uptake of adenosine by dispersed chich embryonic cardiac cells.
AB  - Adenosine is involved in the regulation of coronary blood flow, but its mechanism
      of action is not clear. The present investigation is an attempt to understand the
      mechanism(s) of uptake of adenosine in dispersed chick embryonic cardiac cells
      and its relationship to the adenosine hypothesis. Adenosine is readily taken up
      by these cardiac cells, and a small fraction is incorporated into adenine
      nucleotides, whereas a major fraction is deaminated to inosine. The mechanism of
      uptake is different in 12- to 15-day-old chick embryos compared to 16- to 22-day
      old embryos. The younger embryo heart cells show the incorporation of adenosine
      into adenine mononucleotides of the incubation medium as well as all the adenine
      nucleotides of the cells, whereas the older embryo heart cells show incorporation
      of adenosine only into the adenine nucleotides of the cells. The isolated cells
      used in the present study do not leak any significant amounts of adenosine kinase
      and/or nucleotides, and free adenosine was not found in the cells, even with
      extracellular concentrations as high as 1 mM. The absence of free adenosine in
      isolated dispersed cells reflects the activities of adenosine kinase and
      adenosine deaminase and is compatible with the adenosine hypothesis for the
      regulation of coronary blood flow.

PMID- 167592
TI  - Control of hepatic glycogen metabolism in the rhesus monkey: effect of glucose,
      insulin, and glucagon administration.
AB  - The effects of intravenous glucose, insulin and glucagon admininistration on the
      hepatic glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase systems were assessed in the
      anesthetized rhesus monkey. Results were correlated with measurements of hepatic
      cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations and plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon
      concentrations. Both glucose  and insulin administration promoted significant
      inactivation of phosphorylase by 1 min, which was followed by more gradual
      activation of synthase. Neither glucose nor insulin caused significant changes in
      hepatic cAMP. Marked hyperglucagonemia resulting from insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia did not cause increases IN in hepatic cAMP, suggesting that the
      elevated insulin levels possibly inhibited glucagon action on the hepatic
      adenylate cyclase-cAMP system. Glucagon administration caused large increases in
      hepatic cAMP and activation of phosphorylase within 1 min, followed by more
      gradual inactivation of synthase when it had been previously activated by
      glucose. Concomitant glucose infusion, with resulting increased plasma insulin
      concentrations, markedly diminished the duration of hepatic cAMP elevations
      following glucagon adminstration, again suggesting an insulin inhibition of
      glucagon action on the hepatic adenylate-cAMP system.

PMID- 167593
TI  - Angiotensin and the hemodynamics of chronic salt deprivation.
AB  - Salt deprivation has been shown to cause fluid volume contraction and marked
      renin release; it is not clear whether angiotensin-induced vasoconstriction adds
      to low volume in compromising circulatory function or whether there are
      additional facets to the salt-deprived state. Mature Wistar rats were fed a low
      salt diet for 1 mo and then, under pentobarbital anesthesia, compared to normals.
      Arterial pressure (is congruent to 125 mmHg), cardiac output (is congruent to 200
      ml/min per kg), and total peripheral resistance were nearly identical in both
      groups. The influence of angiotensin was estimated by injecting converting enzyme
      inhibitor (SQ 20881, 1 mg/kg), and then observing the immediate hemodynamic
      response. Salt-deprived rats responded with a large (-47 mmHg) fall in pressure
      and total peripheral resistance indicating that, although total peripheral
      resistance was normal in salt deprivation, an increased fraction (30% vs. 11%) of
      the resistance was supported by angiotensin. Cardiac output decreased (-8%) in
      contrast to the increase that would be expected during marked arterial dilation;
      elevated angiotensin levels may have caused a moderate, beneficial decrease in
      venous compliance. These results suggest that circulatory function is adequately
      maintained during salt deprivation by a combination of normal total peripheral
      resistance and decreased venous compliance.

PMID- 167594
TI  - Aggregation and release in thrombocytes of the duck.
AB  - Avian thromboyctes are aggregated by a number of substances that cause platelet
      aggregation, and evidence suggests that this response is related to the release
      of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from intracellular granules. In this
      study duck thrombocytes released 5-HT during collagen-induced aggregation, but
      thrombocytes incubated with 14C-labeled adenine did not release radioactive
      adenine nucleotides. These results indicate the existence of a metabolic pool of
      adenine nucleotides that is separate from released constituents of the cell. No
      unlabeled adenine compounds were detected in the supernatants of aggregated
      thrombocytes indicating either the rapid alteration of released nucleotides or
      the absence of a specific release pool of adenine nucleotides. Finally there is
      no release of the intracellular enzyme markers, lactate dehydrogenase, beta
      glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase, during collagen-induced aggregation. These
      findings suggest that avian thrombocytes exhibit a specific release reaction and
      that serotonin acts as the functional counterpart of ADP in platelet aggregation.

PMID- 167595
TI  - A phylogenetic study of the role of cyclic AMP in lipid synthesis in vertebrates.
AB  - The effect of cyclic AMP on the incorporation of acetate-2-14C into sterols and
      fatty acid in vitro in slices of liver and intestine was examined in various
      representatives of the vertebrate group. In no instance was an effect on lipid
      synthesis noted in intestine. Cyclic AMP exerted no significant effects on
      hepatic lipogenesis in lower vertebrates, including the nurse shark, catfish,
      toad, or iguana. However, the nucleotide strongly inhibited the incorporation of
      acetate-2-14C into fatty acid by the chicken liver. Similar inhibition of fatty
      acid synthesis was also noted in rat liver, but in this mammalian species hepatic
      sterol synthesis was also strikingly suppressed by cyclic AMP. Interruption of
      the enterohepatic circuit in the rat, while enhancing rates of sterol synthesis
      in both liver and intestine, neither enhanced nor diminished hepatic
      susceptibility to suppressed sterologenesis by cyclic AMP, nor did it confer on
      the intestine any newfound capacity for cyclic AMP-regulated lipid synthesis.

PMID- 167596
TI  - Comparison of two five-year follow-up studies: 1948 to 1952 and 1967 to 1972.
AB  - Results of a 5-year follow-up of 100 randomly selected patients committed to a
      community-oriented mental hospital in 1947 are compared with those of a 5-year
      follow-up of 100 randomly selected patients admitted to a community-based mental
      health center in 1967. The data show that both programs were successful in
      kepping patients with historis of long-standing mental illness in the community,
      even thought the 1947 group did not receive any modern psychotropic medication.
      One uoexpected finding of the comparison is the suggestion that these drugs might
      not be indispensable; in fact, they might actually prolong the social dependency
      of some discharged patients.

PMID- 167597
TI  - Brief transference-focused therapy of hospitalized psychiatric patients.
AB  - A therapeutic approach referred to as brief transference-focused therapy for
      hospitalized psychiatric patients is discussed with its three key constituents
      being early selective intervention, the nurturing of positive transference, and
      the active participation of the patient in determining posthospital treatment.
      Clinical examples are presented in which these constituents are illustrated.
      Gains and limitations of this treatment are discussed.

PMID- 167598
TI  - Normal variations and lesions of the sphenoid sinus.

PMID- 167600
TI  - Light and electron microscopic study of dysplastic rosette-like structures
      occurring in the disorganized mature retina.
AB  - Histopathologic examination of six, adult human eyes revealed "rosette-like"
      structures in the retina which appear to have developed after maturation of the
      retina. These structures resemble dysplastic rosettes which are generally
      interpreted as a sign of maldevelopment of the retina (retinal dysplasia). The
      underlying lesions in the eyes of these patients were ocular ischemia, sickle
      cell retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion, and
      trauma. It is suggested that a distinction should be made between these
      degenerative-regressive changes and dysplastic rosettes which represent an
      abortive attempt of regeneration by germinal cells.

PMID- 167599
TI  - Roentgenographic findings in fucosidosis type 2.
AB  - The roentgen findings are described in 2 siblings with fucosidosis Type 2. They
      have mild dysostosis multiplex with predominant involvement of the spine, pelvis,
      and femoral capital epiphyses. The roentgen descriptions of the previously
      reported cases are reviewed. Based on the descriptive data currently available,
      there are no consistent differences which would permit the distinction of
      fucosidosis Type 1 from Type 2 on roentgen grounds.

PMID- 167601
TI  - Comparison of TCA and collagenase in the isolation of tissue collagen.

PMID- 167602
TI  - (Na+ + K+)-activated adenosinetriphosphatase: fluorimetric determination of the
      associated K+ -dependent 3-O-methylfluorescein phosphatase and its use for the
      assay of enzyme samples with low activities.

PMID- 167603
TI  - Modification of the tritium-release assays for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases
      using Dowex-50 columns.

PMID- 167604
TI  - Decolorization of fecal extracts for radioactive assay.

PMID- 167605
TI  - A highly efficient solid-phase radioimmune assay for a clostridial toxin.

PMID- 167606
TI  - Underestimation of cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity by a
      radioisotopic assay using an anionic-exchange resin.

PMID- 167607
TI  - Glucose suppression of deoxyribose interference in the thiobarbituric acid
      determination of sialic acid.

PMID- 167608
TI  - An assay for adenyl cyclase based on a combination of sodium borate
      electrophoresis and paper chromatography.

PMID- 167609
TI  - Protein-binding assay for cyclic AMP: possible interference by traces of
      trichloroacetate.

PMID- 167610
TI  - Removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate from proteins.

PMID- 167611
TI  - Assay for human erythrocyte pyridoxine kinase.

PMID- 167612
TI  - Study of the electrochemical oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide.

PMID- 167613
TI  - Determination of aniotic surfactants with azure A and quarternary ammonium salt.

PMID- 167614
TI  - Studies on the liver of Xenopus laevis. I. The ultrastructure of the parenchymal
      cell.
AB  - The liver of Xenopus laevis was examined with electron microscopy. Its structure
      was found to be markedly different from that of mammals, particularly regarding
      the morphology of the hepatocytes to be classified as typical. It was established
      that the main function of such a cell is the storage of glycogen, and further
      that it possesses only scant organelles and other inclusions. Since this type of
      cell was found most frequently in the liver of untreated animals, it was
      designated as normal cell. The fact appears noteworthy that in the normal liver
      of Xenopus laevis an abundance of cell types occur which are otherwise found to
      be proliferated under experimental conditions, e.g. cells with pronouncedly
      augmented RER, enlarged Golgi complexes, increased lipid inclusions etc. This
      high number of divergent hepatocytes and the fact that all intermediate stages
      between the individual extremes are present and not to be accounted for by the
      position of the cell within the liver was interpreted as being the expression of
      a cyclic passage of the various stages of activity. It is of special interest
      that augmented degradation of glycogen in the liver cell takes place only during
      vitellogenesis. Acute and chronic hunger, as well as adaptation to cold, hardly
      affect the morphology of the normal cell, especially as far as the glycogen is
      concerned. The possible causes for this are discussed.

PMID- 167616
TI  - Acute effects of ACTH on dissociated adrenocortical cells: quantitative changes
      in mitochondria and lipid droplets.
AB  - To study the role of certain organelles in steroidogenesis, dissociated rat
      adrenocortical cells were incubated for two hours with ACTH at a concentration
      that induces a high level of steroid production. Sections of ACTH treated and
      untreated cells were photographed in the electron microscope, and morphometric
      analysis was undertaken to assess possible ACTH-induced changes in total cell
      volume, volume density and numerical denisty of lipid droplets and mitochondria.
      There was no change in total cell volume. Lipid droplet volume density and
      numerical density decreased. Mitochondrial volume density did not change, but
      numerical density increased. The decrease in lipid droplet volume density
      indicates a rapid depletion of cholesterol for steroid production. This depletion
      is almost entirely due to the disappearance of lipid droplets, rather than to an
      overall diminution in their size, as shown by the decrease in lipid droplet
      numerical density. The mitochondrial data suggest that the adrenocortical cell
      has an adedquate mitochondrial apparatus to respond to acute ACTH stimulation
      with increased steroid output without an increase inmitochondrial volume.

PMID- 167615
TI  - Fine structure of the interrenal cell in the quail and the pigeon.
AB  - The ultrastructural characteristics of the interrenal cell were investigated in
      the quail and the pigeon after fixation by intravascular abdominal perfusion.
      There is no significant fine structural difference between cells belonging to
      subcapsular and central regions of the gland. The interrenal cell in both species
      possesses nuclear bodies, polymorphic mitochondria with tubulo-vesicular cristae
      and tubular crystalline inclusions, considerable amounts of endoplasmic
      reticulum, ergastoplasm, a well developed Golgi apparatus, coated vesicles,
      microtubules, filaments, cilia, ribosomes, a profusion of liposomes, dense bodies
      with varied inner structure, pinocytic invaginations of cell membrane and
      intercellular attachment devices. The pigeon adrenorcortical cell also possesses
      intranuclear lipidlike inclusions and fibrous bundle (this being never recorded
      in adrenocortical cell), annulate lamellae, and a variety of cytosomes, probably
      lipofucsin in nature. The significance and cytophysiological role of various
      organelles and inclusions have been discussed in the light of earlier data
      obtained on avian adrenocortical cells.

PMID- 167617
TI  - Inhalation anesthetics and cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions in rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - The activities of liver microsomal enzymes were studied in preparations from
      unanesthetized rats and rats anesthetized for one hour with nitrous oxide,
      diethyl ether, halothane or chloroform. Most of the enzymes studied were
      cytochrome P-450-dependent oxygenases that hydroxylate endogenous substrates. The
      other microsomal enzymes, assayed for comparison, included the cytochrome P-450
      dependent aminopyrine demethylase, glucose-6-phosphatase, a dehydrogenase, and
      NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. No anesthetic was associated with a significant
      change in activity of any enzyme studied. In rats pretreated with phenobarbital
      no anesthetic except chloroform changed enzymic activity. All hydroxylations were
      inhibited markedly by chloroform, as were a microsomal dehydrogenation,
      hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate, and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity.
      Administration of alpha-tocopherol did not prevent the inhibition associated with
      chloroform in phenobarbital-induced animals. It is concluded that cytochrome P
      450-dependent hydroxylations involved in metabolic processes normally proceeding
      in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver are not permanently affected by the
      anesthetics used in this study. The inhibitory effect of chloroform after
      pretreatment with phenobarbital is unspecific and affects a large number of
      different microsomal enzymes. Evidence that mechanisms other than lipid
      peroxidation may be responsible for the toxic effects of chloroform in the liver
      is presented.

PMID- 167618
TI  - Synthesis of 5-H-dibenz[c,e]azepine by elimination of methanesulfinic acid.

PMID- 167619
TI  - [Lymphovenous fistulae. Experimental and clinical study].

PMID- 167620
TI  - Virus-like particles in buffy coat cells of normal goats and goats infected with
      progressive pneumonia virus.
AB  - By electron microscopy, virus-like particles (VLP) were seen in neutrophils and
      lymphocytes from buffy coats prepared from 5 goats inoculated with progressive
      pneumonia virus (PPV) and 3 noninoculated goats. The VLP were 80 to 120 nm in
      diameter, limited by a unit membrane, and resembled PPV, visna virus, and other
      members of the oncornavirus family. Some VLP seemed to have electron-dense
      nucleoids and external spikes. In neutrophils, VLP were observed budding into
      vacuoles; rarely, intravacuolar clusters were seen. In lymphocytes, VLP were seen
      in vacuoles. Free VLP and budding of VLP from external cell surfaces were not
      seen. In vitro incubation of buffy coat cells with mitogens did not affect the
      frequency of VLP. Although the VLP are similar to PPV, the exact nature of the
      particles and their relationship to PPV is not clearly understood.

PMID- 167621
TI  - Comparison of the characteristics of avian reoviruses isolated from the digestive
      and respiratory tract, with viruses isolated from the synovia.
AB  - Two-week-old gnotobiotic chicks were inoculated in the foot pad with viruses
      isolated from synovia and synovial membrane-WVU 1464-29H, WVU 1675, WVU 2937, WVU
      2986, and WVU 71-212; from digestive tract-reoviruses 24, 25, and 59; or from
      respiratory tract-reovirus Fahey-Crawley (FC). All viruses induced swelling of
      the foot pad and inflammatory changes of synovial membrane. Serum from virus
      infected chicks had a common agar gel precipitin (AGP) line. On the basis of the
      plaque-reduction test in primary chicken kidney (PCK) cells, the viruses were
      classified into 4 major serotypes. All viruses produced cytopathic effects (CPE)
      in primary chicken tissue cultures. Other than reovirus FC and WVU 1464-29H, all
      viruses produced CPE in the Vero cell line.

PMID- 167622
TI  - An updated listing of animal reference virus recommendations.

PMID- 167623
TI  - An unusual case of feline leukemia and an associated syncytium-forming virus.
AB  - A 3-year-old female Siamese cat was admitted to a local animal hospital with a
      history of recent extreme lethargy and anorexia. A hemorrhagic tumor was removed
      from an area of oral buccal skin and diagnosed histopathologically as
      lymphosarcoma. Rapid physical deterioration occurred, and the cat became moribund
      2 weeks after surgical operation. Necropsy revealed at least 200 spherical
      hemorrhagic neoplastic nodules attached to the omentum, mesentery, and
      peritoneum. Examination of histopathologic sections confirmed the striking
      characteristics of an extremely vascular and highly invasive malignant lymphoma,
      which was designated feline tumor No. 01 (FeT-01). There was no evidence of
      peripheral blood leukemia. Electron microscopic examination of tumor tissue
      revealed numerous viral particles having characteristics common to both feline
      leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline syncytium-forming virus (FeSFV). Primary cells
      and cultures propagated from tumor tissue were found to be negative or weakly
      positive for group-specific (gs) antigen by radioimmunoassay but strongly
      positive when assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. Co-cultivation of cells
      from tumor tissue, with normal prescreened feline embryo cells, revealed the
      presence of numerous FeSFV-like viral particles in the absence of C-type virus. A
      FeSFV was isolated from these passaged cells, with characteristics similar to
      FeSFV isolates previously described in the literature. The apparent presence of
      FeSFV in lymphosarcomatous tissue and the apparent absence of FeLV C-type
      particles in passaged cells indicate the need to make a more intensive study of
      the FeSFV group of viruses and the possible etiologic relationship to feline
      malignancies.

PMID- 167624
TI  - Comparative pathogenicity of avian encephalomyelitis viruses in chicken embryos.
AB  - Multiplications of wild, various embryo-adapting and completely embryo-adapted
      avian encephalomyelitis (AE) viruses in chicken embryos were compared by the
      fluorescent-antibody technique (FAT). With a wild AE virus, viral antigens were
      randomly seen in the central nervous system (CNS), appearing least often in the
      cerebellum. Other organs seldom became test positive, except for heart and
      kidney. Even with 4 chicken brain-passaged viruses in the process of embryo
      adaptation, there was little augmentation of antigens except in the alimentary
      tract. However, the 2 midpassage viruses showed a peculiar localization of
      antigens in the white matter of the lumbosacral cord, together with the
      appearance of test-positive spinal ganglion cells. With 2 strains of embryo
      adapted AE virus, the antigens appeared first in the spinal ganglion cells and
      secondly in the lumbosacral cord and then spread to the cerebrum. Subsequently,
      clinical signs of AE were evident. This peculiar invasion order was a prominent
      feature.

PMID- 167625
TI  - Cross-reactions of normal bovine serums to foot-and-mouth disease virus in plaque
      reduction neutralization and radial immunodiffusion.
AB  - Serums from 150 cattle with no known exposure to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
      virus were tested by both the plaque-reduction neutralization (PRN) technique and
      the radial immunodiffusion (RID) technique to evaluate the significance and the
      extent of cross-reactions in these tests. Serums from 30 cattle from each of 5
      locations were tested against representative viruses of each of the 7 types of
      FMD virus. High levels of cross-reactions with both the RID and PRN techniques
      were found in serums of specific groups. Higher levels of cross-reactions were
      noted for Asia, SAT I, SAT II, and SAT III than for A, O, or C viruses with the
      PRN technique, and higher levels for SAT II and SAT III with the RID technique.
      The reactions for most serums appeared to be quite specific; a given serum was
      often reactive with only 1 or 2 viruses.

PMID- 167627
TI  - Pulmonary tuberculosis and coexisting carcinoma: a 10-year experience and review
      of the literature.
AB  - Of 7,986 patients admitted to Mount Wilson State Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases
      between 1960 and 1970, 72 were proven to have coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis
      and bronchogenic carcinoma. The patients usually were in the older age group, and
      usually smoked. There was a high predilection for the tumor to occur in the upper
      lobes. Active tuberculosis was present in 50 per cent of the patients and tumor
      and tuberculosis was present in the same area 80 per cent of the time. Cell
      diagnosis was possible in 60 per cent of the patients without thoracotomy.
      Diagnosis was usually made late in the course of the disease and therapeutic
      results were poor. Only 13 patients were operable and only four are presently
      alive. Earlier recognition is vital to adequate treatment. A plan for earlier
      recognition based on a high degree of suspicion is presented.

PMID- 167626
TI  - Metabolism, production, and release of hormones and mediators in the lung.

PMID- 167628
TI  - Postpartum hemorrhage into a large nonfunctioning islet cell tumor of the
      pancreas.
AB  - A case of postpartum hemorrhage into a nonfunctioning islet cell tumor of the
      pancreas is presented. The manifestations and surgical management of this tumor
      are discussed. The incidence and pathological significance of such a tumor are
      examined.

PMID- 167630
TI  - Current and future concepts of lung cancer.
AB  - We discuss here some of the last decade's diagnostic and therapeutic advances in
      the treatment of lung cancer, as well as current and future research objectives.
      Roentgenographs from selected patients illustrate the natural history of lung
      cancer. We present perspectives concerning selection from the growing diagnostic
      armamentarium, with comments upon early detection and localization of "occult"
      cancers with the help of flexible bronchoscopy. Operative approaches have changed
      over the past 4 decades; we review how and why they evolved, including
      perspectives concerning mediastinoscopy. There is a presentation on a
      radiotherapeutic research approach to oat-cell cancers and the current status of
      immunotherapy. Such issues as animal models available for lung cancer research
      emerge in the general discussion, and it becomes clear that lung cancer merits a
      truly interdisciplinary approach in order to bring meaningful advances to the
      patient's bedside.

PMID- 167629
TI  - [Salt losing syndrome due to selective hypoaldosteronism (author's transl)].

PMID- 167631
TI  - Polymyxin B reactions, IgE antibody, and T-cell deficiency. Immunochemical
      studies in a patient after bone marrow transplantation.
AB  - A patient with aplastic anemia was immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide and
      transplanted with allogenic bone marrow. While lacking demonstrable T-cell
      activity posttransplantation, he developed a generalized macular erythematous
      eruption and fever, clinically attributed to intranasal polymyxin B. A specific
      IgE antibody, demonstrated by direct skin testing, Prausnitz-Kustner passive
      transfer, and indirect passive hemagglutination was temporally related to the
      reaction. Discontinuation of the drug led to prompt defervescence and resolution
      of the drug eruption.

PMID- 167632
TI  - Interference of ethanol in hepatic cellular metabolism.

PMID- 167633
TI  - Microtubules and the fluidity of the cell surface.

PMID- 167634
TI  - The role of microtubules in the growth and stabilization of nerve fibers.

PMID- 167635
TI  - Neurite development in vitro: III. The effects of several derivatives of cyclic
      AMP, colchicine, and colcemid.

PMID- 167636
TI  - The in situ phosphorylation of microtubular protein in brain cortex slices and
      related studies on the phosphorylation of isolated brain tubulin preparations.

PMID- 167638
TI  - Protein-kinase activity, in vitro phosphorylation and polymerization of purified
      tubulin.

PMID- 167637
TI  - The association of a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity with
      microtubule protein.

PMID- 167639
TI  - The amphibian melanocyte: microtubules, cyclic AMP, and organelle translocation.

PMID- 167640
TI  - Correlation of cytoplasmic microtubules and 10-nm filaments with the movement of
      pigment granules in cutaneous melanocytes of Rana pipiens.

PMID- 167642
TI  - Calcium and cAMP as interrelated intracellular messengers.

PMID- 167641
TI  - Reciprocal effects of cAMP and cGMP on microtubule-dependent release of lysosomal
      enzymes.

PMID- 167643
TI  - The biology of cytoplasmic microtubules. Conference summary.

PMID- 167644
TI  - Effectiveness of neomycin and polymyxin ointments: prevention of Staphylococcus
      Aureus keratitis in rabbits.
AB  - Combinations of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate are commonly used in
      ophthalmic ointments for the treatment or the prevention of bacterial
      keratoconjunctivitis. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of various
      ointments containing these two antibiotics, alone and in combination, in
      preventing Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in rabbits. Rabbit eyes were infected
      by intracorneal inoculation, treated topically with ointment and graded by gross
      observation 24 hours after inoculation. Treatment with ointments containing
      neomycin alone offered significant protection against these corneal infections.
      The polymyxin B ointments, as well as the vehicle controls, were ineffective in
      preventing S aureus infections in the rabbit eyes. However, by far, the most
      effective ointment formulations tested were the combination ointments and
      specifically those containing 1.75-3.50 mg neomycin and 3,000-6,000 units
      polymycin B per gram of ointment.

PMID- 167645
TI  - [Myrianthus Sp. (Pal.-Beauv.) of the Ivory Coast, cough suppressants].

PMID- 167646
TI  - [A rare pediculate tumour of the oesophagus (author's transl)].

PMID- 167647
TI  - Pathogenesis of hepatic coma.

PMID- 167648
TI  - Interconversions of apolipoproteins fragments.

PMID- 167649
TI  - Endocrine therapy of breast cancer.

PMID- 167650
TI  - Effects of anesthesia on intermediary metabolism.
AB  - Major inhalational anesthetics cause inhibition in the electron transport chain
      in the region of Complex I resulting in decreased oxygen utilization, inhibition
      of metabolism of NAD-linked substrates, but not of succinate, inhibition of
      mitochondrial calcium uptake, and depression of synaptic transmission because of
      postulated changes in ACh sensitivity or GABA inhibition. Many cellular metabolic
      effects in CNS and other tissues are secondary to the above. Many metabolic
      changes noted with anesthetics occur subsequent to activation of the sympathetic
      nervous system either directly by the anesthetic or by surgical stimulation in
      the presence of light anesthesia. Many important studies remain to be done.

PMID- 167651
TI  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

PMID- 167653
TI  - Relation between growth hormone and somatomedin.

PMID- 167652
TI  - Huntington's disease.

PMID- 167655
TI  - The role of hormone receptors in the action of adrenal steroids.

PMID- 167654
TI  - Neuroregulators and sleep mechanisms.
AB  - Information which has emerged thus far relates to the overall transmitter
      mechanisms of sleep. The data, while conflicting, point to the involvement of
      many neuroregulators at numerous integrative levels of the process. However the
      long term question still remain: what triggers and maintain sleep, what stops
      sleep, what occurs to the body and brain during sleep--in essence, why sleep?
      These questions are now problems for behavioral neurochemists, whereas in a
      previous era, they were problems for philosophers. Unfortunately, our answers to
      date, while in another idiom, have hardly been more complete or satisfying. To
      answer these questions, it will be necessary to understand, in detail, the manner
      in which neurobiochemical processes relate to the functional physiology of sleep.
      Although existing studies have given invaluable insight into the neurochemical
      anatomy of sleep, we have only recently acquired the technical and biochemical
      expertise necessary to investigate sleep as it occurs normally. Future research
      must focus on the dynamic changes associated with the regulatory mechanisms of
      neurotransmitters. Many questions can be asked. With sleep transitions, what
      changes occur in transmitter content, synthesis, or release? Are there changes in
      metabolic pathways, reflecting a shift from intra- to interneuronal metabolism?
      What changes occur in pre- and postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors to affect
      sensitivity? What constraints do genetic (245) and environmental (246) factors
      impose upon these mechanisms? Knowledge of such parameters will allow us to
      construct more complete models of the neuroregulatory basis of sleep and waking.
      However, as we acquire this knowledge, we must avoid the temptation of assuming
      causation when the evidence merely shows correlation. Neuroregulation are
      involved in the control of number different behaviors; and, at present, we have
      few, if any, methods of establishing causative links between a specific
      neuroregulator and a specific behavioral state. Yet, even without an
      understanding of what "causes" sleep, we may be able to develop pharmacological
      agents which permits discrete alteration of sleep mechanisms in a more
      physiological and specific manner. This potential for manipulation of sleep is of
      obvious importance in illnesses such as insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea
      (247, 248). In addition, it may be valuable in the treatment of such conditions
      as psychosis and depression, where sleep disturbances are an important component
      of the illness. For example, delirium tremens might be best understood as a
      psychotic episode which is the result of an aspect of sleep emerging into
      wakefulness. The range and breadth of both the basic questions and the potential
      application of sleep research portend an exciting future for this field.

PMID- 167656
TI  - Physiological and pharmacological roles of prostaglandins.

PMID- 167657
TI  - Cadmium: biological effects and occurrence in the enviroment.

PMID- 167658
TI  - Effect of calcium and magnesium ions on the susceptibility of Pseudomonas species
      to tetracycline, gentamicin polymyxin B, and carbenicillin.
AB  - The effect of calcium and magnesium on the susceptibility of 13 species of
      Pseudomonas to tetracycline, gentamicin, polymyxin B, and carbenicillin was
      measured. The majority of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these
      antibiotics was increased if these cations were added to the test media. The
      increases in MICs caused by calcium or magnesium were similar, but the
      combination of both ions generally caused a greater change than either alone.
      Although the MIC of polymyxin B was most affected by calcium and magnesium, its
      interpretive susceptibilities (i.e., whether susceptible or resistant) were least
      changed. Susceptibility tests on Pseudomonas species probably should be done with
      Muller-Hinton broth supplemented with physiological concentrations of calcium and
      magnesium to better approximate the in vivo activity of these antibiotics. When
      the susceptibility tests were performed with Mueller-Hinton agar, the MICs were
      slightly less than those obtained with Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with
      both cations but greater than those obtained with Mueller-Hinton broth
      supplemented with individual cations.

PMID- 167659
TI  - Inhibition of the growth of hemadsorption 2 virus by three acyl derivatives of
      amino acids.
AB  - Three acyl derivatives of amino acids, dicarbobenzoxy-l-lysine sodium,
      carbobenzoxy-l-aspartic acid-beta-benzyl ester potassium, and N-3-phenylpropionyl
      S-benzyl-l-cysteine potassium inhibit the growth of parainfluenza 1
      (hemadsorption 2) virus. The growth of simian virus 40, vaccinia, poliomyelitis
      type 1, Semliki Forest, Eastern equine encephalitis, and Western equine
      encephalitis viruses was not affected by these compounds. Four other acyl
      derivatives of amino acids did not inhibit the growth of any of the viruses
      tested.

PMID- 167660
TI  - Growth curves of anaerobic bacteria in solid media.
AB  - Simple pour plate and spectrophotometric techniques for the evaluation of growth
      curves of several anaerobic bacteria on solid media are described. Three basic
      patterns of anaerobic growth were observed. The curves obtained were very
      reproducible when studied on separate occasions. The curves obtained by
      spectrophotometric measurement were comparable to those obtained by the pour
      plate method, especially when a large bacterial inoculum was used. Limitations in
      the interpretation of the results are discussed. The methods and principles
      reported could provide the basis for the determination of bacterial growth on
      solid media using other organisms and different experimental conditions.

PMID- 167662
TI  - Comparative study of four microporous filters for concentrating viruses from
      drinking water.
AB  - Four microporous virus-absorbent filter media for recovering low levels of virus
      from 380 liters of drinking water were compared. In addition two of the filter
      media were compared with 1,900 liters of drinking water. The filter media
      evaluated were MF nitrocellulose membranes (293 mm), AA Cox M-780 epoxy
      fiberglass-asbestos disks (267 mm), K-27 yarn-wound fiberglass cartridges + AA
      Cox M-780 disks (127 mm), and Balston epoxy-fiberglass tubes (24.5 by 63.5 mm).
      The filters were used to concentrate seeded poliovirus from 380 liters of
      finished drinking water. Sodium thiosulfate was added to the drinking water to
      neutralize chlorine, and hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH to 3.5.
      Virus was eluted from the filters with glycine-NaOH buffer at pH 11.5. In terms
      of virus recovery efficiency, the filter media ranked Balston greater than Cox
      267-mm greater than MF 293-mm  congruent to  K-27 + Cox 127-mm, but differences
      were slight. The Balston filters and holders were also superior to the other
      systems in terms of size, weight, cost, and handling factors. Experiments with 2-
      and 8-mum porosity Balston filters showed no statistically significant difference
      in virus recovery. Virus was readily detected by the Balston and the MF 293-mm
      systems at input levels of 12 to 22 PFU/1,900 liters. Preliminary experiments
      indicated that an elution pH lower than 11.5 may be satisfactory.

PMID- 167663
TI  - Gardner-Diamond syndrome with multiple glomus tumors.
AB  - The case of a patient with two unusual dermatologic entities, multiple glomus
      tumors and the painful purpura of Gardner-Diamond syndrome, is reported. The
      diagnosis of multiple glomus tumors was confirmed by biopsy, and the Gardner
      Diamond syndrome was confirmed by reproduction of the painful purpura with the
      intradermal injection of the patient's sonicated erythrocytes.

PMID- 167661
TI  - Effects of lead on the lipid composition of Micrococcus luteus cells.
AB  - Micrococcus luteus cells cultivated in medium containing lead salts exhibited a
      sequence of changes in the quantity of total cellular lipids with essentially no
      changes from normal cellular yields. The lipid composition of cells cultivated
      one to four times was moderately decreased (phase I) whereas that of cells
      cultivated five to six times was reduced by as much as 50% (phase II). Cells
      cultivated more than six times in lead-containing media had progressively greater
      quantities of lipid (phase III) approaching that found in control cells. These
      cells with reestablished lipid contents showed no further effects from more
      prolonged exposure to lead salts. Chromatographic studies of total lipids of
      cells of each lipid phase revealed relatively complete lipid compositions. These
      results indicated that lead is apparently affecting a common biochemical
      parameter in the biosynthesis of lipids of lipid phase II cells. Changes in the
      relative quantities of individual components were observed in both the nonpolar
      and polar lipids in each lipid phase. The most notable changes were the decrease
      in aliphatic hydrocarbons with concomitant increases in the diglycerides and
      components identified as a complex family of ketones. Microscopy examinations of
      control and lead-treated cells revealed electron dense inclusion bodies in
      membrane fragments in only lead-treated cells.

PMID- 167665
TI  - Psoriatic therapeutics and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The inhibitory effects of various agents on the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase have been studied in vitro. Stress is laid on the calculation of
      kinetic parameters such as true K-I values. The most active inhibitor was
      methotrexate, closely followed by cGMP. The increase in inhibitory activity after
      incubation of methotrexate with liver slices is discussed.

PMID- 167664
TI  - Calcium balance in children treated with diphosphonates.
AB  - Serial mineral balances have been obtained in 3 children undergoing therapy with
      EHDP (ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate) for diseases involving ectopic
      calcification. Although clinical outcome was not uniformly satisfactory, all
      cases showed an overall reduction in calcium balance. This was due to increased
      faecal excretion of calcium and was most marked after a long duration of therapy.
      Although these results conflict with reported experience in adults, they are in
      agreement with published observations of the effects of EHDP on calcium
      absorption in experimental animals.

PMID- 167667
TI  - Flavoxate, a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor.
AB  - The c-AMP phosphodiesterase inhibiting properties of flavoxate and of its main
      metabolite i.e. 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid (MFCA), were assayed in vitro
      and compared to those of theophylline. Flavoxate and MFCA are competitive
      phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and are 21 and respectively 5 times more potent
      than theophylline. The smooth muscle relaxing activity of flavoxate possibly
      relies on this enzymatic mechanism.

PMID- 167668
TI  - High synovial fluid white blood cell counts in pseudogout; Possible confusion
      with septic arthritis.
AB  - During a 12-month period, we have treated five patients with acute inflammatory
      arthritis and synovial fluid leukocyte counts of 65,000 to 100,00/cu mm with 93%
      to 100% polymorphonuclear cells, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the
      synovial fluid, and negative cultures. Four of these five were origingally
      treated for septic joints. We would like to emphasize this relatively uncommon,
      but important manifestation of pseudogout.

PMID- 167666
TI  - Wound infection during the Yom Kippur war: observations concerning antibiotic
      prophylaxis and therapy.
AB  - Eighty-eight episodes of wound associated infection were identified among 624
      consecutively admitted battlefield casualties. Ninety-one per cent of infections
      occurred during the administration of antibiotic therapy or prophylaxis and 65%
      were associated with the use of multiple antibacterial agents. Gram negative
      bacillary and mixed microbial infection predominated and were found to increase
      in relative incidence after the second day of hospitalization. Appropriate
      therapy, based on disc sensitivity testing, was administered in only 33% of
      infectious episodes. The practice of antibiotic wound prophylaxis may contribute
      to the incidence and nature of infection in battlefield wounds. Problems unique
      to the handling of battlefield wounded are discussed in comparing the present
      data with those of other war associated and civilian studies.

PMID- 167669
TI  - [Fluorescent antigen technique: a method of the histochemical demonstration of
      anti-adenovirus antibody containing cells (author's transl)].

PMID- 167670
TI  - Changes in phosphatase activity associated with cell wall defects in
      Chlamydomonas reinhardi.
AB  - Experiments were performed to isolate mutants lacking alkaline phosphatase in
      Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Mutants with null enzyme activity were obtained. A
      cytological study of these mutants however revealed cell wall defects, suggesting
      that the loss of phosphatase activity in these strains is not due to the
      inactivation of the corresponding phosphatase structural gene but rather to the
      leakage of this enzyme as a consequence of the cell wall abnormality.
      Incidentally, this finding provides the basis of a convenient method for
      selecting easily cell wall mutants of Chlamydomonas.

PMID- 167671
TI  - On the structure of the peptidoglycan of cell walls from Myxobacter AL-1
      (myxobacterales).
AB  - Basically the peptidoglycan of Myxobater AL-1 consists of alternating beta-1,4
      linked N-acetylglucosamic-N-acetylmuramic acid chains. After splitting the
      aminosugar backbone with a specific algal enzyme three subunits arise: a monomer,
      a dimer and a timer. Investigation of the monomer with specific enzymes and
      comparison of the degradation products to standards derived from other bacterial
      peptidoglycans suggest the following structure of the monomer peptide: L-alanyl-D
      glutamic-L-meso-diaminopimelic-D-alanine. A D-alanyl-D-meso-diaminopimelic acid
      bond is the bridgebond between the peptides of the subunits.

PMID- 167672
TI  - The effect of soluble antigens from polyoma tumor and liver cells on stimulation
      of lymph nodes measured by incorporation of 14C-leucine.
AB  - The effect of solube antigens from polyoma tumor cells, liver antigens and PHA on
      lymph node cells from tumor bearers and on normal lymph node cells in CBA mice
      was studied. The stimulation index was calculated on the basis of incorporation
      of 14C-leucine in short-term cultures. The stimulation index was lower in
      lymphocytes derived from tumor bearers than those from normal donors. The
      blastoid responses to polyoma-associated antigens and PHA were similar, in
      contrast to liver-associated antigens. It was concluded that stimulation of liver
      antigens may be connected with different chemical structure, mainly of
      carbohydrate components.

PMID- 167673
TI  - Training examiners to administer a quantitative neurological examination for a
      multicenter clinical trial.
AB  - A battery of quantitative neurological tests was used in a multicenter clinical
      trial to compare ACTH with placebo for the treatment of patients with multiple
      sclerosis in acute exacerbation. Since the battery of tests was administered in
      ten centers by physical therapists, it was critical that the examiners were well
      trained and remained so. Results of experiments showed that physical therapists
      could be successfully trained to administer the tests in a uniform fashion and
      remained trained for three years, the duration of the clinical trial. The fact
      that physical therapists are not taught tell-tale side effects of a treatment,
      and hence do not perceive these as do the physician examiners, introduces another
      level of objectivity into neurological clinical trials.

PMID- 167674
TI  - Multiple peripheral nerve injuries simulating hemiparesis in drug abusers.

PMID- 167675
TI  - Recent advances in the treatment of primary brain tumors. A seminar.

PMID- 167676
TI  - Intraparotid neurilemoma of the facial nerve.

PMID- 167677
TI  - Rhinovirus type 14 RNA polymerase complexes.
AB  - Rhinovirus type 14 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complexes were isolated from
      microsomal and soluble fraction of infected KB cells. Maximum activities were
      measured at at 6 and 7 hours post inoculation (p.i.) for microsomal and soluble
      polymerases, respectively. Both polymerase activities are considerably reduced by
      8 to 9 hours, p.i., and interval in which the in vivo rate of synthesis of viral
      RNA is maximal. In vitro RNA products of RNA polymerases in both fractions
      consist of ribonuclease-sensitive and ribonuclease-resistant RNA of heterogeneous
      sizes. Detergent treatment of the microsomal RNA polymerase(s) did not affect the
      total amount of RNA synthesized, the proportion of ribonuclease-sensitive RNA
      synthesized or the size of the RNA products. The data suggest that RV14RNA
      polymerase complexes are intially associated with membranes but are then
      irreversibly released into the soluble phase of the cytoplasm; possible
      explanations for this phenomena are discussed.

PMID- 167678
TI  - Evidence of chronic persistent infections with polyomaviruses (BK type) in renal
      transplant recipients.
AB  - Ten renal transplant recipients showing a significant increase in human
      polyomavirus antibodies, indicative of an acute infection, were followed up
      serologically over periods ranging from two months to more than two years. Fifty
      four serum specimens were available for the study and they were tested by both
      haemagglutination-inhibition and complement-fixation. Polyomavirus antigens were
      prepared from the BK and SV40-like strains of polyomaviruses, and from the SV40
      virus. One strain of polyomavirus, related to the BK strain was isolated from the
      urine of one of these patients. Two other BK strains were recovered from the
      urine and kidney, respectively, of transplant recipients not included in this
      study. Sera of these two patients were not obtained until the transplantation was
      made; they were already highly positive for polyomavirus antibodies, precluding
      the demonstration of an increase in antibody titer. Serologic results have shown
      that HAI antibodies persist at high titers throughout the observation period.
      This persistence ranged from two to four months (four cases), seven to eleven
      months (three cases) and thirteen to twenty months (three cases). In none of the
      cases could a decrease of high titer be demonstrated. Moreover, density gradient
      studies have shown that specific IgM antibodies also tend to persist over many
      months. Similar serologic results were obtained in complement-fixation tests with
      a BK antigen. Titers were at least 1 in 30 in the study group, but were not
      observed among healthy blood donors. All sera were uniformly negative for SV40
      and SV40-like antigens. One polyomavirus isolation was successful from urine
      obtained six months after initial serologic evidence for a polyomavirus
      infection. The other two viruses were isolated from materials taken four and
      seven months after first detection of polyomavirus antibodies at high titer. Both
      serologic evidence and viral isolations seem to indicate that polyomaviruses (BK
      type) might cause a chronic infection in humans.

PMID- 167679
TI  - Binary ethylenimine as an inactivant for foot-and-mouth disease virus and its
      application for vaccine production.
AB  - Foot-and-mouth disease virus was inactivated with binary ethylenimine formed
      apart from or directly in the virus suspension by the cyclization of 2
      bromoethylamine hydrobromide or 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride under alkaline
      conditions. The inactivation rates with binary ethylenimine prepared apart from
      the virus suspension in dilute sodium hydroxide with either 2-bromoethylamine
      hydrobromide or 2-chlorethylamine hydrochloride were higher than with pure
      ethylenimine. When binary ethylenime was prepared directly in the virus
      suspension only 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide gave acceptable inactivation
      rates. The reduced inactivation rates for binary ethylenimine directly prepared
      in the virus suspension are due to the different cyclization rates of 2
      bromoethylamine hydrobromide and 2-chloroethylamine hydrochloride and to the
      interference of bicarbonate in the cyclization reaction. The complement fixing
      antigen of foot-and-mouth disease virus was not affected by binary ethylenimine
      inactivation. Vaccines prepared with foot-and-mouth disease virus inactivated by
      binary ethylenimine were comparable in their immunogenicity to vaccines prepared
      with ethylenimine or N-acetylethylenimine used as inactivants. Application of
      binary ethylenimine in the preparation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines
      considerably reduces the potential danger associated with handling pure
      ethylenimine and other aziridines.

PMID- 167681
TI  - Virulence of temperature-sensitive mutants of foot-and-mouth disease virus.
AB  - A number of temperature-sensitive mutants isolated from two strains of foot-and
      mouth disease virus were examined for their virulence in suckling mice. The
      majority of the mutants were found to be less virulent than the parent virus
      strains, ranging from slight to total attenuation, but two mutants retained
      parental levels of virulence. There was no correlation between mutant cut-off
      temperatures and virulence, or the revertant content of mutant preparations and
      virulence. It was not always possible to regain parental levels of virulence by
      isolating phenotypic revertants or wild-type recombinants from genetic crosses,
      but recombinants were significantly more virulent than either of the two input
      viruses in a genetic cross.

PMID- 167680
TI  - The enhancing effect of copper, nickel, and cobalt ions on plaque formation by
      Semliki Forest virus (SFV) in chicken embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - In cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts treated with copper-(copper cation 10
      minus 3.5-10-minus 5 M), nickel and cobalt salts an enhancement of the plating
      efficiency of Semliki Forest virus could be observed. This augmented plaque
      formation was most probably due to a higher adsorption rate of virions to the
      cell surface under the influence of the transition metal ions. The plating
      efficiency of West Nile virus in chicken-embryo fibroblasts and, to a lesser
      degree, of poliovius type 1 and 2 in KB-cells was also enhanced by copper
      sulfate.

PMID- 167682
TI  - Antagonism of interferon action by mouse tissue extracts and serum.

PMID- 167683
TI  - Experimental studies concerning the possibility of a latent carrier state in
      bovine herpes mammillitis (BHM).
AB  - Adult bovines, young calves and young rats were infected with bovine herpes
      mammillitis (BHM) virus providing a group of BHM-recovered animals in which to
      investigate a possible latent carrier state. The progression of the acute
      infection and serological response was essentially similar to that previously
      reported. The effect of natural (calving, littering) and artificial
      (corticosteroid treatment) stress on these animals following recovery from
      infection was investigated, but reactivation of BHM was never detected. Long term
      observation of cocultures of BHM virus infected-and-recovered bovine teat dermis
      with bovine embryo cells failed to reveal any evidence for the induction of BHM
      virus replication even in those cocultures treated with mitomycin C or
      bromodeoxyuridine. Similarly, cocultures utilizing lumbar dorsal root ganglia
      from the same animals were also negative with respect to the induction of virus
      replication. Experiments using cytosine arabinoside indicated that an artificial
      in vitro latent carrier state of BHM virus could be maintained for 6 days with
      subsequent sporadic virus reactivation, but an attempt to maintain such a state
      for 12 days was unsuccessful, with no subsequent virus reactivation.

PMID- 167684
TI  - A bovine adenovirus type 3: isolation, characterization, and experimental
      infection in calves.
AB  - A virus was isolated from a group of feedlot cattle with acute respiratory
      disease that was characterized by physicochemical methods as an adenovirus and
      identified serologically as a bovine adenovirus type 3. Intratracheal inoculation
      of three 4 month old colostrum deprived calves resulted in pyrexia, hyperpnea,
      dyspnea, anorexia and in one animal a mild diarrhea.

PMID- 167685
TI  - Human and primate poxviruses: I. Growth characteristics of cytolytic and tumor
      variants.
AB  - The dual potential of poxviruses to be cytolytic and tumorgenic has been
      extended. Yaba monkey tumor virus formed foci on monkey and human embryonic
      cells. Cytolytic or plaque-forming virus was isolated from Yaba tumor homogenates
      by selective sucrose centrifugation and passage through monkey or human embryonic
      cells. Monkey pox virus (MPV) was cytolytic for monkey cells or human embryonic
      cells, but upon passage onto young monolayers of human carcinoma cells, HeLa,
      produced a restricted cytopathic effect on first transfer, foci on second
      transfer and cytolysis after the fourth transfer. If HeLa monolayers were
      compact, the rapid growth precluded overt expression of cytolytic MPV. Electron
      micrographs of cytolytic Yaba indicated that Yaba development was similar to
      vaccinia and MPV but not totally organized. Growth curves of vaccinia, MPV and
      cytolytic Yaba were essentially identical in monkey and human embryonic cell
      lines.

PMID- 167686
TI  - Exacerbation and reactivation of Herpesvirus hominis infection in mice by
      cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide has been shown to potentiate the growth of Herpesvirus hominis
      in the skin of Webster Schneider mice. Higher skin yields of virus were obtained,
      marked dissemination of virus to the brain was produced and mortality in mice was
      increased. Serum neutralizing antibody titres were suppressed. The system may
      serve as a good model for the study of specific antiherpes drugs.

PMID- 167688
TI  - [A quantitative demonstration of IgM with sensitized latex particles].

PMID- 167687
TI  - Studies of Marek's disease herpesvirus and turkey herpesvirus specific common
      antigen which stimulates the production of neutralizing antibodies.
AB  - An agar-gel precipitation antigen prepared from the skin (feather-Ag) of chicken
      infected with JM strain of Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDHV) and cell extracts
      of cultures infected with either Type 2 plaque producing agent (PPA) of MDHV or
      turkey herpesvirus (HVT) (Type 2-Ag, HVT-Ag) had 1 precipitation line in common.
      Hyperimmune sera to the common antigen (common-Ag) neutralized to a greater
      extent by homologous antiserum. Absorption of HVT antiserum or hyperimmune serum
      to Type 2 PPA with common-Ag reduced their neutralizing activity. This reduction
      was almost complete with homologous antigen but less complete with heterologous
      antigen. The location of antigen in Type 2 PPA and HVT infected cells was
      determined using hyperimmune serum to the common-Ag in fluorescent antibody
      tests. Antigen mainly occurred in the cytoplasm of cells corresponding to the
      rounded refractile cells in the plaques, whereas unfixed cells showed antigen on
      the cytoplasmic membrane. The common-Ag associated with MDHV or HVT infections
      might be a virus structural component which is associated with the envelope.

PMID- 167689
TI  - Sporadic bovine meningo-encephalitis-isolation of a paramyxovirus.
AB  - Isolation of a viral agent (107) directly from brain explants of a 15-month-old
      heifer with symptoms of a sporadic encephalomyelitis is described. The virus
      shares properties with the paramyxovirus family. It grows in a variety of cell
      cultures from different species, and induces nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion
      bodies in infected cells. Nucleocapsids measuring 17 nm in diameter were found in
      the nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells when studied electron microscopically,
      thus indicating a close relationship of the agent to the measles-distemper
      rinderpest group. No infectious virus was released from infected cells, although
      alignment of nucleocapsids was observed beneath the cell membrane, and no
      hemagglutinating activity could be detected with the methods employed. The 107
      agent was compared serologically with parainfluenza viruses type 1, 2 and 3,
      simian virus 5, mumps and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), two bovine respiratory
      syncytial viruses and measles/subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, distemper and
      rinderpest viruses, always using 107 virus infected CV1 cells and antiserum of
      the different viruses in indirect FA tests. Positive FA reactions were observed
      only with two sera obtained from SSPE patients with high antibody titer to SSPE
      virus, and with one rabbit-anti-rinderpest serum. The titers of these sera to 107
      virus, however, were significantly lower than those against homologous viruses.
      Five out of 9 sera from randomly selected healthy cattle showed antibody titers
      between 1:10 and 1:80 to 107 virus in FA tests. The significance of these results
      is discussed with respect to the epidemiology of SSPE in children and its
      possible implication with rinderpest in Europe.

PMID- 167690
TI  - The effect of arginine deprivation on the cytopathogenic effect and replication
      of human cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Arginine is necessary for the development of the cytopathogenic effect of human
      cytomegalovirus in human embryonic fibroblasts. It is also required, though in
      greater concentrations, for the production of infective virions, the requirement
      being at an early stage of replication. Inhibitor studies suggested that this
      block in replication caused by arginine deficiency was prior to the formation of
      viral DNA. Withdrawal of arginine from the medium 24 or 48 hours after infection
      resulted in a decline in virus production indicating that the continued presence
      of the amino acid is necessary for constant virus production. Infected cultures
      deprived of arginine could be stimulated to produce cytopathic effects and
      infective virions by replacement of the amino acid even eight days after
      inoculation, demonstrating that the information for cytomegalovirus replication
      remains intact within the cell. This establishment of latency in vitro may be
      related to the ability of the virus to establish a similar state in vivo.

PMID- 167691
TI  - Early cytoplasmic vacuolization of African green monkey kidney cells by SV40.
AB  - As early as 3--4 hours after infection with SV40 at a high input multiplicity,
      African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) kidney (AGMK) cells developed
      cytoplasmic vacuolization. At 10--20 hours after infection, the vacuolization
      reached its maximal level, then disappeared and SV40 specific cytopathic change
      followed. This vacuolization developed before the synthesis of the specific T and
      V antigens. This early cytoplasmic vacuolization (ECV) was prevented by
      preincubating the virus with specific antiserum, or by heating the virus with
      MgCl2. The ECV could be induced by UV-irradiated SV40. Addition of metabolic
      inhibitors had no effect on the induction of the ECV. These results suggest that
      the capacity to induce the ECV resides in a structural component(s) of SV40
      virion and the vacuolization is not associated with the replication of SV40.

PMID- 167693
TI  - Differential activation by cell fusion of Epstein-Barr viral and type-C viral
      genomes in non-productive human lymphoid cells.

PMID- 167694
TI  - Hypoglycemia. A grand rounds presentation. February 19, 1975.

PMID- 167692
TI  - Identification of strains of herpes simplex virus by comparison of the density of
      their DNA using the preparative ultracentrifuge.
AB  - The buoyant densities of the DNA of herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2 and
      Pseudorabies virus, as determined in the analytical ultracentrifuge, are 1.725,
      1.727 and 1.731 correlating with G+C contents of 67, 69 and 73 per cent
      respectively. The density differences for the DNA's of type 1 and type 2 herpes
      simplex viruses have been confirmed in experiments with isotopically labelled DNA
      from four type 1 and six type 2 strains by preparative CsCl gradient
      ultracentrifugation. The DNA of all the type 2 strains was denser than that of
      any of the type 1 strains examined. Despite these differences in DNA base
      composition of type 1 and type 2 strains, nearest neighbour analysis of their
      DNA's disclosed no obvious differences in doublet pattern or general design.

PMID- 167695
TI  - [Microadenomas and hypersecreting pituitary adenomas].
AB  - The early radiographic changes of the sella turcica in the cases of
      hypersecreting pituitary adenomas (Cushing disease, acromegaly, amenorrhea
      galactorrhea) are reported and discussed. The finding of the double contour of
      the sellar floor and the small crescentic bulging of its antero-inferior wall,
      with the aid of the tomographic cuts of the sella, has permited the diagnosis of
      the microadenoma'a localization. With this it si possible the achievement of a
      selective excision of the lesion in the initial stage, when the tumor has not
      caused yet irreversible damage to the inside normal pituitary tissue. This
      surgery is performed in the precocious stage with the primary goal to preserve
      the normal gland, without hurt it to avoid postoperative hipopituitarism. A
      anatomo-radiologic classification of the alterations sella turcica in 4 grades is
      made, which is of great utility for the surgical prognostic, since we have
      observed clinical and biological cure over 90% in the grade 1, 75% in the grade
      2, 50% in the grade 3 and up to 10% in the grade 4 in the first surgery.

PMID- 167697
TI  - Effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam on neuronal activities of the lateral
      vestibular nucleus in cats.
AB  - The effects of chlorpromazine and diazepam on vestibular neuronal activity were
      studied in gallamine immobilized cats. Chlorpromazine depressed all the P, N1 and
      N2-waves of field potentials in the lateral vestibular nucleus evoked by
      electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve. Diazepam also reduced the
      amplitude of postsynaptic components (N1 and N2-waves), while the presynaptic one
      (P-wave) was slightly increased. Chlorpromazine suppressed the spontaneous as
      well as the increased vestibular neuronal firing following stimulation of the
      vestibular nerve. Diazepam enhanced the increased vestibular neuronal firing
      excited by the nerve stimulation and had no effect on the spontaneous unitary
      discharges.

PMID- 167699
TI  - Human model for studying seed-soil factors in blood-borne metastasis.
AB  - The relationship between tumor "seed" and tissue "soil" in blood-borne metastasis
      is poorly understood. Therefore, an explanatory human model is proposed. It is
      based on the hypothesis that the spread of lung cancer cells to the adrenal vein
      provides in man not only a variable attribute, lung cancer seed, but also a
      constant attribute, adrenal venous soil, as in a scientific experiment. Out of
      100 cases of lung cancer, four histologic types proved their invasive
      potentiality in 45 subjects by colonizing the adrenal parenchyma proper and yet
      differed appreciably in their ability to grow in the adrenal venous blood. Hence,
      in all probability, the systematic study of venous blood will help in the
      discovery of the potentialities and limitations of human blood in tumor
      metastasis.

PMID- 167698
TI  - Tuberous xanthoma in homozygous type II hyperlipoproteinemia. A histologic,
      histochemical, and electron microscopical study.
AB  - Histologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies of a tuberous xanthoma
      from a patient with homozygous type II hyperlipoproteinemia showed that all of
      the lipid was within histiocytic foam cells; no lipid was identified in
      interstitial regions or in blood vessels. Primitive mesenchymal cells, elongated
      perivascular and fibroblast-like cells, and lysosome-filled macrophages also were
      present within the xanthoma, indicating possible stages in the evolution of
      dermal mesenchymal cells into mature, cholesterol-rich foam cells.
      Morphologically, the lipid was in four different forms: large droplets, which
      were the dominant form, and membrane-bound crystals, concentric lamellar bodies,
      and ceroid. The paucity of membrane-bound lipid forms, relative to the abundant
      free lipid droplets, indicated that lysosomal digestion was a minor metabolic
      pathway for the intracellular metabolism of lipid in the xanthoma. Thus,
      nonlysosomal lipid storage in foam cells is a characteristic tissue response to
      the underlying metabolic defect in type II hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 167700
TI  - Florid papillomatosis of male nipple after diethylstilbestrol therapy.

PMID- 167696
TI  - [The cell-independent influence on calcification in living bone and in vitro
      (author's transl)].
AB  - While there is no doubt that collagen is an important extra-cellular factor in
      the calcification of bone tissues, the exact nature of the process remains
      unclear. It has been explained in turn by the nucleation effect of corresponding
      lattice distances of apatite and collagen, that is, an oriented crystal
      overgrowth of the two substances which decreases the energy of nucleus formation,
      or by conformity between fibril-bundles and calciumphosphate crystal, or by the
      binding of phosphate to anionic positions of the collagen, as well as by the bone
      forming effect of a non-collagen protein which is, however, separable from
      collagen. Because of their high viscosity proteo-polysaccharides inhibit crystal
      formation. Alkaline soluble proteo-pholysaccharides, however, appear to promote
      calcification in vitro and also in tissue of living bone. Lathyrogene and
      penicillamine impair the cross-linking in the bone collagen; this probably
      explains their disturbing effect on ossification. Diphosphonates would, like
      anorganic pyrophosphate, inhibit both the formation and dissolution of apatite
      crystal. Our research shows, however, that methanie-bis-phosphonate clearly
      promotes calcification, in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, and probably also in
      vivo, magnesium inhibits the formation of apatite crystal nucleus. Our research
      indicates moreover that magnesium also slows down the reduction of calcified bone
      tissue on account of its inhibiting effect on parathormone emission.

PMID- 167701
TI  - Glomus tumor of the stomach. An ultrastructural study.

PMID- 167702
TI  - Fine structure and origin of amyloid deposits in pituitary adenoma.
AB  - A pituitary adenoma with amyloid deposits was studied by light and electron
      microscopy. The amyloid material was radially oriented, deposited in the
      extracellular space, and often intermingled with small vesicles. It was
      surrounded by histiocytes with deep cytoplasmic invaginations. The histiocytes
      contained large autophagic vacuoles in which amyloid was also present. These
      features are similar to other forms of amyloidosis and suggest a histiocytic
      origin of the amyloid.

PMID- 167703
TI  - Spironolactone bodies in an adrenal adenoma.
AB  - Spironolactone bodies were observed in an adrenal cortical adenoma that was
      removed from a patient with primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome) treated
      preoperatively with spironolactone. The electron microscopical evaluation of this
      adrenal cortical adenoma shows origin of spironolactone bodies from whorls of
      endoplasmic reticulum in cells with the cytoplasmic features of those from the
      zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland. There was no evidence that the bodies were
      derived from mitochondria, which confirms recent ultrastructural findings in
      patients treated with spironolactone. These bodies have been described in the
      adrenal cortex only in patients who have received spironolactone, and the
      pharmacologic specificity of the bodies strongly suggests a direct mode of action
      by spironolactone on aldosterone production by cells of the adrenal zona
      glomerulosa.

PMID- 167704
TI  - EMC virus and cultured human fetal pancreatic cells. Ultrastructural
      observations.
AB  - Tissue cultures of pancreatic acinar cells of seven human fetuses were infected
      with either the M or the E variant of the encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus.
      Between the third and fifth days after infection, severe ultrastructural damage
      was noted. Margination, condensation, and fragmentation of the nuclear chromatin
      and the appearance of numerous cytoplasmic vesicles filled with finely granular
      material were the major changes observed. Viral particles were not identified.
      One hundred plaque-forming units (PFU) were sufficient to induce these
      alterations with the M variant while 10,000 PFU were needed to obtain the same
      results with the EMC-E virus. The described lesions are qualitatively similar to
      those induced in vivo in experimental CD-1 mice infected with the virus.

PMID- 167705
TI  - Thyroid peroxidase deficiency in Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt disease.
AB  - Thyroid tissue from two patients with Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt disease (BSV) was
      studied for peroxidase enzyme activity and for morphological abnormalities by
      light and electron microscopy. Diagnosis was confirmed by the demonstration of
      intracytoplasmic material identical to that described in other reported cases of
      BSV. There was a substantial decrease in peroxidase activity in the thyroid
      tissue from both patients. An abnormally low level of peroxidase activity had
      previously been demonstrated in the white blood cells of these patients. Thyroid
      biopsy offers obvious advantages over brain biopsy, provides adequate tissue for
      enzyme analysis, and allows the demonstration of the intracytoplasmic structures
      characteristic of BSV.

PMID- 167706
TI  - Characteristics of the sleep of men in simulated space flights.
AB  - A study of the sleep of men in simulated space flight has shown that, during
      different effects (diminished motor activity, noise, rotation), monotony and time
      of the exposure is the general pathogenetic factor producing sleep disturbances.
      The monotony factor was responsible for typical changes in sleep function
      (difficulty involved in falling asleep, disturbed continuity of sleep as a
      process, decline in the depth, etc.), whose degree was related not only to the
      professional importance of the experiment but also to the individual intolerance
      to the main exposure. In these cases, the action of somnogenic mechanisms
      developed against the background of the action of analyzers (vestibular,
      accoustic, proprioceptive) that were under load and whose excitation during
      hypokinesia, noise, and rotation, especially in poorly adapted people, led to
      cumulation and was expressed in the phenomenon of spontaneous awakening. In
      addition to that, the genesis of dyssomnia, particularly during bedrest and water
      immersion, included hemodynamic disturbances induced by blood redistribution due
      to the recumbent position and monotonous motor activity. The psychosomatic
      feelings (congestion, edema, irresistible desire to stand up and stretch) brought
      about emotional strain which was later enhanced by the duration of the exposure.

PMID- 167707
TI  - Development of a live attenuated varicella vaccine.
AB  - The Oka strain of varicella virus, isolated in our labolatory, was serially
      cultivated in guinea-pig embryo cultures (GPEC), and a considerable amount of
      cell-free virus was obtained from infected cell. GPEC passage virus at the 6th
      passage level was used in a small scale field trial. Susceptible children of 1 to
      10 years old were injected subcutaneously with 100 to 1,000 PFU of virus. No
      clinical reactions due to the vaccination were observed in any children, and a
      high rate of antibody response was obtained with viral doses of more than 200
      PFU. Attenuated virus obtained by passage in GPEC was propagated in human diploid
      (WI-38) cells, and it was also effective in inducing an immune response without
      clinical reactions. The results show that the Oka strain of varicella virus
      passaged in GPEC and human diploid (WI-38) cells may be used safely and
      effectively as a live attenuated vaccine.

PMID- 167708
TI  - Application of a live attenuated varicella vaccine to hospitalized children and
      its protective effect on spread of varicella infection.
AB  - Twenty-three hospitalized children with no history of varicella or no detectable
      complement fixing (CF) antibody, were vaccinated with a live attenuated varicella
      vaccine (Oka strain) immediately after the occurrence of a case of varicella in a
      children's ward of hospital. These children suffered from the nephrotic syndrome,
      nephritis, purulent meningitis, hepatitis etc., and 12 of them were receiving
      steroid therapy. An antibody response was noticed in all the vaccinated children,
      with mild fever in 6 and a mild rash in 2 of 6. It was uncertain whether these
      reactions were due to vaccinatin or to naturally acquired infection modified by
      vaccination. No other clinical reactions or abnormalities of the blood or urine
      were detected. Thus the spread of varicella infection was prevented, with the
      exception of one severe case in an unvaccinated patient. In another trial, 16
      children with renal diseases were also vaccinated. All the children showed an
      immune response with no clinical reactions and no abnormalities in blood and
      urine examinations. Thus live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) can be used safely
      and effectively for hospitalized children, and its effectiveness in preventing
      spread of varicella infection was confirmed.

PMID- 167709
TI  - Detection of viral cores having toroid structures in eight herpes viruses.

PMID- 167710
TI  - Multiple cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities from rat tissues and
      occurrence of a calcium-plus-magnesium-ion-dependent phosphodiesterase and its
      protein activator.
AB  - 1. Supernatant fluids from rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum, kidney, heart and
      liver contained more phosphodiesterase activity hydrolysing cyclic GMP than that
      hydrolysing cyclic AMP when assayed with sub-saturating concentrations of
      substrate. 2. These activities were resolved into several fractions by Sephadex G
      200 gel filtration; no two tissues had similar activity profiles. 3. With every
      tissue examined, a fraction (fraction II) with a molecular weight of about
      150,000 was obtained which hydrolysed cyclic GMP preferentially at sub-saturating
      substrate concentrations in the presence of micromolar concentration of Ca2+,
      millimolar concentration of Mg2+ and a protein activator. 4. The activity of
      fraction II accounted for about 60 percent in liver, more than 80 percent in
      heart and cerebellum, and almost 100 percent in cerebral cortex of the total
      activity for cyclic GMP hydrolysis, calculated from the activity profiles. 5. Km
      values of fraction II samples from kidney, heart and liver for cyclic GMP were
      1.3, 1.7 and 5 muM respectively. 6. 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine inhibited
      hydrolysis of cyclic GMP by fraction II with an I50 value of 3muM for heart and
      liver and 50 muM for cerebrum. 7. The activator protein, with an estimated
      molecular weight of about 30,000 was isolated from all the tissues listed in 1.8.
      The concentrations of activator protein and of the isolated enzyme, fraction II,
      did not correspond exactly.

PMID- 167711
TI  - Inhibition by ricin of protein synthesis in vitro. Inhibition of the binding of
      elongation factor 2 and of adenosine diphosphate-ribosylated elongation factor 2
      to ribosomes.
AB  - The binding of EF2 (elongation factor 2) and of ADP-ribosyl-EF 2 to rat liver
      ribosomes is inhibited by ricin. This result suggests that the native enzyme and
      its ADP-ribose derivative have the same or closely related binding sites on the
      ribosome. The inhibition by ricin of the binding of EF 2 to ribosomes is
      consistent with the previous observation that ricin affects EF 2-catalysed
      translocation during polypeptide chain elongation.

PMID- 167712
TI  - Purification and some properties of a soluble benzene-oxidizing system from a
      strain of Pseudomonas.
AB  - 1. A soluble enzyme system which oxidizes benzene to cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa
      3,5-diene (cis-benzene glycol) was obtained from a species of Pseudomonas grown
      on benzene as the major carbon source. 2. The system was shown to consist of
      three protein components. Two of these were non-haem-iron proteins of molecular
      weight approx. 21,000 and approx. 186,000 and the other was a flavoprotein of
      molecular weight approx. 60,000. 3. Fe2+ and NADH were essential cofactors for
      benzene oxidation.

PMID- 167713
TI  - Incorporation of isotopic carbon into cerebral glycogen from non-glucose
      substrates.
AB  - 1. Measurable incorporation of radioactive carbon from [U-14C]pyruvate, [U-14C]
      glutamate and [14C]bicarbonate into the glycogen synthesized by brain slices in
      vitro was demonstrated. 2. The fructose diphosphatase activity of guinea-pig
      brain was determined and found to be about 0.03 mumol of substrate degraded/min
      per g of fresh tissue. 3. The specific radioactivity of the glucose carbon from
      glycogen relative to that of the precursor added to the incubation medium gave
      approximate values of 0.195 for glucose, 0.006 for pyruvate, 0.039 for glutamate
      and 0.001 for bicarbonate.

PMID- 167714
TI  - Role of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in glyceride metabolism. Effect of
      diet on enzyme activities in chicken liver.
AB  - 1. The metabolic role of hepatic NAD-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (EC 1.1.1.8) was investigated vis-a-vis glyceride synthesis, glyceride
      degradation and the maintainence of the NAD redox state. 2. Five-week-old
      chickens were placed on five dietary regimes: a control group, a group on an
      increased-carbohydrate-lowered-fat diet, a group on a high-fat-lowered
      carbohydrate diet, a starved group and a starved-refed group. In each group the
      specific activity (mumol/min per g wet wt. of tissue) of hepatic glycerol 3
      phosphate dehydrogenase was compared with the activities of the beta-oxoacyl
      (acyl-carrier protein) reductase component of fatty acid synthetase, glycerol
      kinase (EC 2.7.1.30) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27). 3. During
      starvation, the activities of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerol kinase
      and lactate dehydrogenase rose significantly. After re-feeding these activities
      returned to near normal. All three activities rose slightly on the high-fat diet.
      Lactate dehydrogenase activity rose slightly, whereas those of the other two
      enzymes fell slightly on the increased-carbohydrate-lowered-fat diet. 4. The
      activity of the beta-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier protein) reductase component of fatty
      acid synthetase, a lipid-synthesizing enzyme, contrasted strikingly with the
      other three enzyme activities. Its activity was slightly elevated on the
      increased-carbohydrate diet and significantly diminished on the high-fat diet and
      during starvation. 5. The changes in activity of the chicken liver isoenzyme of
      glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in response to dietary stresses suggest that
      the enzyme has an important metabolic role other than or in addition to glyceride
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 167715
TI  - Electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopy studies of iron-sulphur centres of
      submitochondrial particles from iron- and sulphur-deficient. Candida utilis.
AB  - 1. Measurements were made at 12 degrees K of the electron-paramagnetic-resonance
      (e.p.r.) spectra of submitochondrial particles from Candida utilis cells grown
      under conditions that alter the amount of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase
      (EC 1.6.99.3). 2. Iron-limited growth decreases the extent of iron-sulphur e.p.r.
      signals to undetectable values that are less than 1 percent of those normally
      found with glycerol-limited growth. 3. Small but significant signals attributable
      to the NADH dehydrogenase were detected in submitochondrial particles from
      sulphate-limited cells. 4. Measurements made on submitochondrial particles
      prepared from these and other phenotypically modified cells lead us to conclude
      that the presence of low-temperature e.p.r.-detectable iron-sulphur centres
      attributable to the NADH dehydrogenase are necessary but not sufficient for the
      coupling of ATP synthesis to the NADH dehydrogenase reaction in the mitochondrial
      membrane of C. utilis. 6. The amplitude of the g=2.01 signal observed in non
      reduced submitochondrial particles is approximately tenfold diminished by iron
      limitation but not significantly altered by sulphate limitation.

PMID- 167717
TI  - Lack of relationship between activity of chromatin-bound proteinase and cell
      growth rates.
AB  - Proteinase associated with chromatin isolated from liver and hepatoma of rat is
      stimulated by salt, and, of the histone fractions, lysine-rich (F1) histone is
      preferentially degraded by this enzyme at an ionic strength comparable with that
      found in the nucleus. However, there appears to be no strict relationship between
      the activity of the proteinase and growth rates of hepatomas. Chromatin isolated
      from a fast-growing tumour, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, shows no apparent
      proteinase activity in the presence of salt.

PMID- 167716
TI  - Relationship between enhanced turnover of phosphatidylinositol and lymphocyte
      activation by mitogens.
AB  - 1. Various lectins [phaseolus vulgaris phytohaemagglutinin, Glycine max (soy
      bean) agglutinin, Triticum vulgaris (wheat-germ) agglutinin and Axinella
      polyploides agglutinin] and antibodies to pig Ig (immunoglobulin) that are found
      by pig lymphocytes were assessed in terms of their capacities to stimulate
      lymphocyte transformation and to enhance phosphatidylinositol turnover.
      Transformation was measured after 45h of culture by incorporation of [6
      (3)H]thymidine into DNA, whereas phosphatidylinositol metabolism was assessed
      after 1h of cultuis and G. max agglutinins and rabbit antibodies to pig Ig)
      increased phosphatidylinositol turnover, but non-transforming agents (T. vulgaris
      and A. polyploides agglutinins and Fab fragments of rabbit antibodies to pig Ig)
      failed to induce any significant enhancement. Subsequent cross-linkage of the
      bound, non-transforming Fab fragments with a goat antiserum to rabbit Ig
      stimulated transformation and phosphatidylinositol turnover. 3. Each transforming
      agent gave characteristic optimal dose responses that were similar for both
      phosphatidylinositol turnover and transformation. 4. The results indicate that
      activation of T- and B-lymphocytes is accompanied by enhanced
      phosphatidylinositol turnover and that in the case of B-cells this enhancement
      depends on the cross-linkage of surface receptors. They are consistent with the
      proposal that turnover represents an essential early step in the transformation
      process.

PMID- 167718
TI  - The properties of hydrogen peroxide production under hyperoxic and hypoxic
      conditions of perfused rat liver.
AB  - The properties of H2O2 production in the "haemoglobin-free", "non-circulatory"
      perfused liver of rats were examined. The H2O2 production with 1 mM-lactate and
      0.15 mM-pyruvate was 82nmol/min per g of liver or 333nmol/min per 100g body wt.
      in the liver of fed rats at 30 degrees C. This rate decreased to almost half in
      the livers of starved and phenobarbital-pretreated rats. When H2O2 production was
      stimulated by urate infusion, almost all of the H2O2 produced by the uricase
      reaction was decomposed by the catalase reaction. During the demethylation
      reaction of aminopyrine, no change in H2O2 production was detected by the present
      method; thus microsomal H2O2 production observed in isolated subcellular
      fractions appeared not to contribute significantly to the H2O2 production in the
      whole organ. Whereas the rate of the glycolate-dependent H2O2 production was
      halved at an intracellular O2 concentration that caused a 10 percent increase in
      the reduction state of cytochrome c, the half-maximal rate of H2O2 production
      with lactate and pyruvate was observed at an O2 concentration that caused a 40
      percent increase in the reduction state of cytochrome c in the liver. No further
      increase in the rates of H2O2 production was obtained by increasing O2 pressure
      up to 5 times 10(5) Pa. The rate of ethanol oxidation through the catalase
      "peroxidatic" reaction varied, depending on the substrate availability. The
      maximal capability of this pathway in ethanol oxidation reached approx. 1.5
      mumol/min per g of liver, when a mixture of urate, glycollate and octanoate was
      infused to enhance H2O2 production.

PMID- 167719
TI  - The selectivity and stoicheiometry of membrane binding sites for polyribosomes,
      ribosomes and ribosomal subunits in vitro.
AB  - Differences in the binding sites for polyribosomes, template-depleted ribosomes
      and large ribosomal subunits were found in microsomal derivatives of the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum. 1. The stoicheiometry of polyribosome and ribosome
      interaction in vitro with membranes was shown to be influenced by the relative
      concentration of interactants and the duration of their mixing. Large ribosomal
      subunits required a more prolonged mixing schedule to achieve saturation of
      membranes than did polyribosomes. 2. By using a procedure which minimized the
      effects on binidng by the stoicheiometric variables, competition between
      populations of polyribosomes, ribosomes and subunits for membrane sites showed
      that subunits, and to a lesser extent ribosomes, failed to block polyribosome
      attachment. 3. Polyribosomes isolated from liver, kidney and hepatoma 5123C
      entirely bound to a common membrane site, but some polyribosomes from myeloma
      MOPC-21 bound to other sites, perhaps influenced by their unique nascent
      proteins. 4. Subunit-binding sites appear on rough membranes only after
      endogenous polyribosomes have been removed, but no evidence that resulting
      changes in surface constituents are responsible was found. Large-subunit binding
      was largely abolished by lowering MgC12 concentration of 0.1 mM, whereas under
      the same conditions polyribosome binding was undiminished. 5. The large-subunit
      site appears to be distinct from the polyribosome site not only in the
      restriction of its affinity for particles but also spatially, to the extent that
      bound subunits do not hinder access of polyribosomes to their sites.

PMID- 167720
TI  - The control of tricarboxylate-cycle oxidations in blowfly flight muscle. The
      oxidized and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide content of flight muscle
      and isolated mitochondria, the adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate
      content of mitochondria, and the energy status of the mitochondria during
      controlled respiration.
AB  - 1. A study is presented of the mitochondrial NADH content during controlled
      (state 4) and active (state 3) pyruvate oxidation by blowfly flight-muscle
      mitochondria. The results confirm and extend those of an earlier study (Hansford,
      1972), which indicated an increased reduction in state 3. Nicotinamide nucleotide
      is normally highly oxidized during state 4; however, there can be substantial
      reduction in the presence of carnitine or high concentrations of proline, or on
      lengthy incubation in the presence of either of the systems used to generate
      intramitochondrial tricarboxylate-cycle intermediate. 2. Omission of phosphate
      leads to substantial reduction and this can be reversed by adding phosphate or
      acetate. 3. Estimations of NAD-+ and NADH in fly thoraces show a marked increase
      in NADH on flight, tending to corroborate the results of mitochondrial
      experiments and testifying to the importance of dehydrogenase activation in this
      tissue. 4. Determination of intramitochondrial adenine nucleotides reveals a
      total of 4-5 nmol/mg of protein, and an ADP content of less than 0.1 nmol/mg
      during state 4 oxidation of pyruvate and proline. ATP content is found to
      increase slowly during state 4 and this is attributed to the net phosphorylation
      of AMP. 5. The uncoupling agent carbonyl cyanide
      p=trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone leads to hydrolysis of some, but not all, of
      the mitochondrial ATP. Studies of mitochondrial ATPase (adenosine
      triphosphatase), measured by external pH change, show that it is inactive unless
      the mitochondria are allowed to respire for several minutes in state 4 in the
      presence of phosphate before the addition of carbonyl cyanide p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. It is suggested that phosphate uptake is
      essential for maximal ATPase activity. 6. Studies of the fluorescence of the
      fluorochrome 8-anilino-1-naphthalensulphonic acid suggest that the energy status
      of the mitochondrion is high during state 4-pyruvate oxidattion, and decrease
      slightly in state 3. The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 167721
TI  - The influence of environmental agents on prostaglandin biosynthesis and
      metabolism in the lung. Inhibition of lung 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
      by exposure of guinea pigs to 100 per cent oxygen at atmospheric pressure.
AB  - Enzymes in the 100 000g supernatant fraction of guinea-pig lungs, in the presence
      of NAD-+, converted PGF-2 alpha (prostaglanding F-2 alpha) into a less-polar
      compound. The u.v. spectrum of this metabolite showed a strong absorption band at
      230 nm, which is characteristic of a carbonyl group in conjugation with a double
      bond. Reduction of this metabolite with NaBH4 resulted in a compound that behaved
      like PGF2 ALPHA on t.l.c. and g.l.c. From this evidence we concluded that
      PGF2alpha is metabolized in vitro to 15-oxo-PGF2 alpha by the NAD-+-dependent
      prostaglandin dehydrogenase system of guinea-pig lung. The effect of exposure of
      the animal to SO-2 and O2 on the rate of prostaglanding biosynthesis and
      catabolism by lung fractions in vitro was studied. Exposure of guinea pigs to 500
      p.m. of SO2 for 5h or to 50p.p.m for 9 days (6h/day) did not alter the production
      or degradation of prostaglandings by lung fractions in vitro. In contrast,
      exposure of guinea pigs to 100% O2 for 48 h inhibited the rate of prostaglanding
      metabolism in vitro by 60-70% without significantly altering the rate of
      biosynthesis by lung fractions. Inhibition of prostaglandin dehydrogenase
      activity in vitro by lung fractions after exposure of the animal to O2 was
      dependent on the duration of exposure. Gluthathione S-aryltransferase and
      catechol O-methyltransferase activites of guinea-pig lung 100 000g supernatant
      were unaltered by exposure of the animal to O2. Thus it appears that inhibition
      of pulmonary prostaglandin dehydrogenase by exposure of the animal to O2 is not
      the result of a general toxic response. It was postulated that the inhibition of
      prostaglanding dehydrogenase may occur after exposure of the animal to other
      oxidant gases.

PMID- 167722
TI  - Properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (guanosine triphosphate)
      synthesized in hepatoma cells in the presence of amino acid analogues.
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) was induced by a combination of dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP, theophyline and dexamethasone in Reuber H35 hepatoma cells under
      conditions where an amino acid in the medium was replaced by an appropriate
      analogue. 2. With canavanine replacing arginine or with 5-fluorotryptophan or 6
      fluorotryptophan replacing tryptophan the induced enzyme had a lower catalytic
      activity-relative to antibody reactivity. 3. These aberrant enzyme molecules were
      heat-labile in vitro. 4. Measurements of enzyme degradation in vivo indicated
      that the canavanine-containing enzyme and the 6-fluorotryptophan-containing
      enzyme were degraded more rapidly than the enzyme containing all natural amino
      acids.

PMID- 167723
TI  - Increased degradation rates of protein synthesized in hepatoma cells in the
      presence of amino acid analogues.
AB  - 1. Reuber H35 hepatoma cells incorporate the arginine analogue canavanine into
      cell protein when arginine is omitted from the incubation medium. 2. By labelling
      arginine-containing proteins with (14-C)leucine and then canavanine-containing
      proteins with (3-H)leucine in the same cells, it is possible to measure the
      degradation of both types of protein during a subsequent 'chase' period. With
      this technique it has been shown that canavanine-containing proteins are degraded
      at a rate severalfold greater than normal proteins. Comparable results were found
      when 6-fluorotryptophan was used as an analogue to tryptophan. 3. Control
      experiments in which the labelling order was reversed or where the animo acid and
      its analogue were incubated in separate cell cultures support the conclusion that
      abberrant proteins are rapidly degraded in vivo.

PMID- 167724
TI  - Dynamics of oestrogen-receptor distribution between the cytosol and nuclear
      fractions of immature rat uterus after oestradiol administration.
AB  - 1. The nuclear-myofibrilar (800g pellet) fraction of the uterus from immature (22
      23 days old) rats not exposed to oestrogen exhibits saturable binding of
      oestradiol. The nuclear binding capacity represents approximately 10% of that of
      the cytosol fraction (approx. 3.5 fmol/mug of DNA). The predominant part (0.3.5
      fmol/mug of DNA) of the nuclear binind sites are present in the residual pellet
      after extraction with 0.5 M-KC1. 2. By using an exchange technique in vitro,
      determinations of the nuclear binding sites have been carried out after
      administration of 1 mug of oestradiol in vivo. Within 0.5h after the  hormone
      injection, the concentration of nuclear bindng sites increased to approx. 0.4
      fmol/mug of DNA in the 0.5 M-KC1-extractable fraction, and to approx. 1.2
      fmol/mug of DNA in the residual fraction. Meanwhile the cytosol oestrogen
      receptor concentration decreased to approx. 10% of its initial value. In the
      following period from 0.5 h after the oestradiol injection onwards, the
      concentration of nuclear oestrogen receptors decreased with halflife values of
      approx. 140 and 200 min for the KC1(0.5 M)-extractable and residual form
      respectively. At the same time, the cytosol receptor concentration increased to
      reach approx. 50% of the initial value by the 6h. This increase could not be
      blocked by cycloheximide. The initial concentration of cytosol receptor was
      restored approx. 11h after the injection and the increase during the 6-11h period
      was sensitive to cycloheximide inhibition, suggesting protein-synthesis
      dependence of the process. 3. With the (more) physiological dose of oestradiol
      (0.1 mug), the decrease the cytosol receptor was only 50% by 4h and this was
      followed by a period (up to 12h after injection) during which the initial
      concentration was restored. During this period the increase of the receptor can
      be blocked by cycloheximide.

PMID- 167725
TI  - The properties and extracellular location of 5'-nucleotidase of the rat fat-cell
      plasma membrane.
AB  - 1. A phosphohydrolase specific for 5'-nucleotides was characterized by using a
      particulate fraction from isolated fat-cells. 2. The activity of intact cells
      towards 5'-AMP was studied. 3. The activity in either situation had the same KM
      for AMP (45 muM) and was inhibited by low concentrations of ATP (less than 50
      muM), but less potently by the ATP analogues AMP-P(CH2)P(adenylyl (beta gamma
      methylene)diphosphonate) and AMP-P)NH)P (adenylylimidodiphosphate). 4.
      Homogenization of intact fat-cells caused no increase in activity and at least
      85% of the activity was recovered in the particulate preparation. 5. The
      preparation of fat-cells used in this work was not freely permeable to AMP. 6.
      The ability of intact fat-cells to hydrolyse AMP implies that 5'-nucleotidase is
      an ectoenzyme in fat-cells. 7. Concentrations of ATP 100 times lower than
      intracellular concentrations inhibit the enzyme when added extracellularly to
      intact fat-cells, implying that this effect is also medicated at the
      extracellular face of the membrane. 8. Antibodies raised to whole liver cells and
      whole fat-cells inhibit 5'-nucleotidase in intact cells. 9. Incubation of intact
      fat-cells with adrenaline (1 mug/ml) or insulin (50 mui.u./ml) failed to alter
      the KM or Vmax. of the enzyme.

PMID- 167728
TI  - Carbon-carbon bond cleavage of fucosterol-24, 28-oxide by cell-free extracts of
      silkworm Bombyx mori.

PMID- 167727
TI  - Differential effects of lipid depletion on membrane sodium-plus-potassium ion
      dependent adenosine triphosphatase and potassium ion-dependent phosphatase.
AB  - The phospholipid-dependence of the (Na-++K-+)-dependent ATPase (adenosine
      triphosphatase) (EC 3.6.1.3) and associated K-+-dependent phosphatase activity
      (EC 3.6.1.7) have been compared. Unlike the (Na-++K-+)-dependent ATPase
      activities, the K-+-dependent phosphatase activities of a number of different
      preparations were not closely correlated with their total phospholipid contents.
      After partial lipid depletion with a single extraction in Lubrol W the residual
      ATPase and phosphatase activities were correlated, but their magnitudes were
      quite different: on average only about 5% of the former remained compared with
      50% of the latter. A similar differential effect on these activities was found
      after extraction with deoxycholate. In contrast with the ATPase, consistent
      restoration of the phosphatase activity of Lubrol-extracted enzymes by added
      exogenous phospholipids was not observed. We conclude that, although the K-+
      dependent phosphatase may be lipid-dependent, the lipid requirement must be
      different from that of the complete ATPase system, and this difference should
      help investigations of their relationship.

PMID- 167726
TI  - Metabolic interactions of glucose, acetoacetate and adrenaline in rat
      submaxillary gland in vitro.
AB  - 1. The metabolic interactions between glucose, acetoacetate and adrenaline were
      studied in submaxillary-gland slices. 2. Acetoacetate (2.5 mM) inhibited glucose
      removal by 22% and entry of glucose carbon into the tricarboxylic acid cycle by
      54%. 3. Acetoacetate caused an increase in (glucose 6-phosphate) together with an
      increase in (citrate), a finding that suggests that the phosphofructokinase step
      might be inhibited by the elevated (citrate). Support for this suggestion was
      obtained in experiments in which fluoracetate was used to elevate (citrate). 4. A
      further site of action of acetoacetate at the pyruvate dehydrogenase step was
      suggested by an increase in the lactate+pyruvate pool, and the finding that
      pyruvate removal and (3-14C)pyruvate oxidation were inhibited by acetoacetate. 5.
      Adrenaline, a stimulator of secretion by this tissue, increased glucose removal
      by 25%. Adrenaline increased glucose removal to the same extent when acetoacetate
      was also present in the incubation medium. In both cases the increase was
      accompanied by a fall in (glucose 6-phosphate). 6. Adrenaline also overcame the
      inhibition of pyruvate removal caused by acetoacetate. 7. The tissue (ATP)
      decreased by about 50% on addition of adrenaline, and a similar fall was observed
      in vivo after adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol. 8. Omission of Ca-2+ from
      the medium prevented the fall in (glucose 6-phosphate) and (ATP) caused by
      adrenaline, although adrenaline was still able to stimulate glucose removal. The
      inhibitory effect of acetoacetate on gluocse removal was reversed by adrenaline,
      but there was no stimulation above the control rates. Inhibition of pyruvate
      removal by acetoacetate was not overcome by adrenaline in the absence of Ca-2+.
      9. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP had no effect on glucose removal or on (ATP). 10.
      Possible mechanisms by which adrenaline can bring about its metabolic effects are
      discussed.

PMID- 167729
TI  - Impaired regulation of corticosterone levels during fasting in aging rats.

PMID- 167730
TI  - Human serum albumin (HSA) decreases prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) metabolism.

PMID- 167731
TI  - Evidence for existence and a tentative identification of coenzyme in yeast
      thiamine pyrophosphokinase.

PMID- 167732
TI  - The effect of nalidixic acid on the expression of some genes in Escherichia coli
      K-12.

PMID- 167733
TI  - Uridine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic UMP). I. Isolation from rat liver extracts.

PMID- 167734
TI  - Collagenase production by human skin fibroblasts.

PMID- 167735
TI  - Effect of conjugation to glucose on the uptake of 17 beta-(6,7-3-H)estradiol by
      rabbit liver subcellular fractions.

PMID- 167736
TI  - Effect of calf endometrium nuclei on human estradiol receptor complex; an in
      vitro study.

PMID- 167737
TI  - Biphasic induction of ornithine decarboxylase and putrescine levels in growing
      HTC cells.

PMID- 167738
TI  - Effect of N-2, 2'-O-dibutyryl cyclic AMP upon the interconvertible forms of
      cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase from human platelets.

PMID- 167739
TI  - H2 metabolism in photosynthetic organisms. II. Light-dependent H2 evolution by
      preparations from Chlamydomonas, Scenedesmus and spinach.

PMID- 167740
TI  - Gangliosides of plasma membranes from normal rat liver and Morris hepatoma.

PMID- 167741
TI  - Correlation of mitochondrial cytochrome concentration and activity to oxygen
      availability in the newborn.

PMID- 167742
TI  - Is the estrogen receptor of mammary glands a metallo-protein?

PMID- 167743
TI  - Specific inhibition of protein kinase by diazenedicarboxylic acid bis-(N,N
      dimethylamide).

PMID- 167744
TI  - Measurement of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate synthesis in growing
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 167745
TI  - In vivo activation of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-phosphate-dependent protein kinase
      in Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with N-6, O-2'-diburyl cyclic adenosine
      3':5'-phosphate.

PMID- 167746
TI  - Basal cAMP in Hela cells is protected from phosphodiesterase and does not turn
      over.

PMID- 167747
TI  - Light-induced phosphorylation of rod outer segments by guanosine triphosphate.

PMID- 167748
TI  - Correlation between DNA synthesis and intracellular NAD in cultured human
      leukemic lymphocytes.

PMID- 167749
TI  - Nitrate reductase from Spinacea oleracea. Effects of sulfhydryl-group reagents on
      the activities of the complex and the inactivation by NADH.

PMID- 167750
TI  - Hemolysis and lysosomal activation by solid state tyrosine.

PMID- 167751
TI  - The defect in insulin receptors in obese-hyperglycemic mice: a probable
      accompaniment of more generalized alterations in membrane glycoproteins.

PMID- 167752
TI  - Chloroplast manganese and superoxide.

PMID- 167753
TI  - Action of S1 nuclease on nicked circular simian virus 40 DNA.

PMID- 167754
TI  - A temperature sensitive mitochondrial mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 167755
TI  - Generation of superoxide anions by leukocytes treated with cytochalasin E.

PMID- 167756
TI  - The role of cAMP on neoplastic cell growth and regression. III. Altered cAMP
      binding in DBcAMP-unresponsive Walker 256 mammary carcinoma.

PMID- 167757
TI  - Superoxide formation in spinach chloroplasts: electron spin resonance detection
      by spin trapping.

PMID- 167758
TI  - Culic 3', 5', -adenosine monophosphate and catabolic repression in Escherichia
      coli.

PMID- 167759
TI  - The influence of cytochalasin B on the response of adrenal tumor cells to ACTH
      and cyclic AMP.

PMID- 167760
TI  - An activatable form of prolyl hydroxylase in fibrobalast extracts.

PMID- 167761
TI  - Compartmentation of isopentenyl pyophosphate isomerase and prenyl transferase in
      developing castor bean endosperm.

PMID- 167762
TI  - Arrest of cultured rat liver cells in G2 phase by the treatment with dibutyryl
      cAMP.

PMID- 167764
TI  - The effect of calcium on the stimulation of corticosterone biosynthesis by
      dibutyryl-C-AMP in cultures of ATCC cell line Y-1.

PMID- 167763
TI  - Ceruloplasmin-anicn interaction. A resonance Raman spectroscopic study.

PMID- 167765
TI  - Uterine receptor for oxytocin: effects of estrogen.

PMID- 167766
TI  - Studies on vitamin D and its analogs. VIII. 3-Deoxy-1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D3, a potent new analog of 1alpha, 25-(OH) 2-D3.

PMID- 167768
TI  - Requirement of a dialyzable component from crude initiation factors for the
      translation of viral and eukaryotic messenger RNA.

PMID- 167767
TI  - Tunicamycin inhibition of polyisoprenyl N-acetylglucosaminyl pyrophosphate
      formation in calf-liver microsomes.

PMID- 167769
TI  - Intracellular oscillations and release of cyclic AMP from Dictyostelium cells.

PMID- 167770
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity during development of
      the insect Ceratitis capitata.

PMID- 167771
TI  - Isolation of a cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase from bovine hypothalamus and
      its interaction with hypothalamic substituents.

PMID- 167772
TI  - The purification of carcinoembryonic antigen by glutaraldehyde cross-linked
      concanavalin A.

PMID- 167773
TI  - In vivo activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by aminophylline and 1
      methyl, 3-isobutylxanthine.

PMID- 167774
TI  - A role for cytochalasin-sensitive proteins in the regulation of calcium transport
      in activated human lymphocytes.

PMID- 167775
TI  - Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and phosphatase by acetyl-CoA/CoA and
      NADH/NAD ratios.

PMID- 167776
TI  - Pyruvate oxidase (CoA acetylating) in Entamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 167777
TI  - The use of acetylated ferricytochrome c for the detection of superoxide radicals
      produced in biological membranes.

PMID- 167778
TI  - A microsomal iron-sulfur center in rat liver.

PMID- 167779
TI  - Presence of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and protease activities in the
      commercial neuraminidase preparations isolated from Clostridium perfringens.

PMID- 167780
TI  - Template specificity of the cytoplasmic DNA polymerase in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

PMID- 167781
TI  - Effects of cyclic GMP upon DNA binding by a calf thymus nuclear proteins
      fraction.

PMID- 167782
TI  - Stimulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity by the anti-tumour
      antibiotic, streptozotocin.

PMID- 167783
TI  - Evidence against dopamine as the mediator of the rise of cyclic AMP in the
      superior cervical ganglion of the rat.

PMID- 167784
TI  - Purification of a lactogenic hormone in sheep placenta.

PMID- 167785
TI  - High extracellular fibrinolytic activity of tumors and control normal tissues.

PMID- 167786
TI  - Glucagon and adipose tissue.

PMID- 167787
TI  - Comparative effects of alkylating agents and other anti-tumour agents on the
      intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in Walker carcinoma.

PMID- 167788
TI  - Alterations in adenyl cyclase activity and glucose utilization of Bordetella
      pertussis-sensitized mouse spleen.

PMID- 167789
TI  - Blocking of dog thyroid secretion in vitro by inhibitors of prostaglandin
      synthesis.

PMID- 167790
TI  - Radio-enzymatic assay of acetylcholine in tissues.

PMID- 167791
TI  - [Experimental studies on mechanism of inhibition of thrombocyte aggregation
      caused by sulfonyl ureas. 1. Problems and methods].

PMID- 167792
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory activity of a new quinoid polyradical (FL-70)].
AB  - The anti-inflammatory activity of FL 70, a derivative of 2,5-dihydroxy-benzoic
      acid, was examined in a number of conventional experimental models. In addition,
      FL-70 was tested for its inhibitory action on enzymes. The results were as
      follows: 1. The induction of a local inflammatory reaction and the subsequent
      i.v. injection of trypan blue showed that FL 70 reduces the capillary
      permeability. 2, FL-70 significantly suppresses exudation in the formalin-induced
      peritonitis of the rat. 3. A slight inhibition of an edema in the footpad of the
      rat induced by formalin-dextran was not shown to be statistically significant. 4.
      Local swelling could be markedly inhibited in the turpentine-oil induced
      inflammatory reaction of the rabbit. 5. Exudation and formation of granulomatous
      tissue was inhibited in Selye's granuloma. 6. FL-70 markedly inhibited the local
      inflammatory reaction accompanying the cutaneous reaction in experimental
      vaccinia infection of the rabbit skin. The size of the infiltration after
      intracutaneous infection of the virus was not reduced. 7. FL-70 could not prevent
      the onset of clinical signs, if administered in experimental allergic
      encephalitis. 8. The activity of acid phosphatase was inhibited by FL-70.
      Alcaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, leucin aminopeptidase, glucose-6-
      phosphatase-dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), trypsin and chymotrypsin were unaffe-ted. FL
      70 inhibits the following, G-6-PDH activated reduction process: glucose-6
      phosphate (see article).

PMID- 167793
TI  - Snythesis and antiprotozoal activity of nitro derivatives of 2, 2'-biimidazole.
AB  - We synthesized a series of 2,2'-biimidazoles with different substituents and
      screened them against Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia
      muris. A 5-nitro group is necessary for the inclusion of activity and an amino
      group exercises favourable effect on in vivi activity.

PMID- 167794
TI  - [Virological findings and their correlation with immunological findings in Bell's
      paralysis].

PMID- 167795
TI  - [Isolation and characterization of mutants of Bacillus subtilis resistant to
      polymyxin].

PMID- 167796
TI  - A search for microtubular inclusions in endothelial cells in a variety of skin
      diseases.
AB  - An electron microscopic study of a variety of skin diseases has demonstrated
      microtubular 'inclusions' in vascular endothelium in bullous pemphigoid for the
      first time. The 'inclusions' are similar to those originally reported in lupus
      erythematosus by Fresco (1968) and presently being detected in an increasing
      number and variety of pathological processes.

PMID- 167797
TI  - Micro-determination of cyclic AMP levels in human epidermis, dermis and haif
      follicles.
AB  - In order to study the biological and possible pathological roles of cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the skin, it is mandatory to
      measure cyclic AMP in 50-100 mug of microdissected epidermis, dermis or
      appendages. In the present study, we offer a method of extracting cyclic AMP from
      less than 100 mug of tissue, removing contaminating nucleotides and scaling down
      Gilman's method to fit the analysis of small amounts of tissue. Cyclic AMP levels
      in the dermis, epidermis, and hair follicles (bulbs) were approximately 1, 2 and
      3-5 pmols/mug dry weight tissue respectively. This procedure is applicable to the
      measurement of cyclic AMP levels in limited foci of healthy or diseased skin.

PMID- 167798
TI  - Cyclic AMP in skin: effects of acute ischaemia.
AB  - The cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content of pig skin was
      measured several seconds to minutes after removal of the skin from the body. It
      increased very rapidly, reached a maximum by 2 min after removal (4 times higher
      than the initial level), then decreased very slowly. Propranolol injected into
      the animal before or added after the removal of the skin did not suppress this
      phenomenon. The practical significance of this finding (increase of cyclic AMP
      level in skin after ischaemia) is obvious-in order to measure cyclic AMP level in
      vivo, the sample must be frozen immediately to avoid an 'artificial' increase in
      cyclic AMP.

PMID- 167799
TI  - Further studies on adenyl cyclase in psoriasis.
AB  - Slices of human skin obtained with a keratome were pre-incubated with [3H]adenine
      to label the ATP pool from which cyclic AMP was subsequently formed. The
      accumulation of radioactive cyclic AMP was measured as an index of adenyl cyclase
      activity. The data showed that both the ability to incorporate [3H] into ATP and
      adenyl cyclase activity were significantly lower in psoriatic plaques than in
      uninvolved skin of the psoriatic patients, or in normal skin of control subjects.
      The response of adenyl cyclase to the stimulation of 3.3 muM adrenaline was less
      than five fold in psoriatic plaques as compared to twelve to thirty-two fold in
      the uninvolved skin. The response to the stimulation of prostaglandin E2 (5
      mug/ml) showed no significant difference between the plaque and normal skin. The
      adenyl cyclase activity in uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients appeared normal.
      Propranolol  (10 muM) blocked the stimulatory effect of adrenaline but not that
      of PGE2 in normal skin. These results suggest that the adenyl cyclase system of
      the skin has different regulatory sites for adrenaline and PGE2 and that the
      enzyme is defective in the epidermis of the psoriatic plaque, especially at the
      adrenaline regulatory site.

PMID- 167800
TI  - Effect of dietary copper deficiency. in the rat on fatty acid composition of
      adipose tissue and desaturase activity of liver microsomes.
AB  - 1. Male rats were maintained from wearing to between 4 and 16 weeks of age on a
      semisynthetic diet which was deficient in copper. 2. Methyl esters of fatty acids
      from adipose tissue of the rats were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and
      the desaturase activity of liver microsomes, with [1-14C]=stearic acid as the
      substrate, was determined. Liver and plasma Cu concentration, cytohrome c oxidas
      (EC 1.9.3.I) activity and caeruloplasmin activity were determined as indices of
      Cu status. 3. Cu deficiency was associated with decreased mono
      unsaturated:saturated ratios for C16 and C18 fatty acids from subcutaneous
      adipose tissue and decreased desaturase activity for liver microsomes. When Cu
      deficient rats were given free access to the Cu-adequate diet or were injected
      intraperitoneally with an aqueous solution of CuSO4, that is, when the animals
      were related with Cu, the indices of Cu status, and desaturase activity for liver
      microsomes returned to values found in control animals. 4. When Cu or a Cu
      chelator (Neocuproine) was added to microsomes, there was no effect on the
      activity of the desaturase enzyme system; the stability of the desaturase was not
      affected by Cu. 5. These results are indicative of an involvement of Cu in the
      desaturase reaction. It is suggested that the site of this involvement could be
      the terminal component of the microsomal electron transport chain.

PMID- 167801
TI  - The action of colicin E2 on supercoiled lambda DNA.II. Experiments in vitro.
AB  - An in vitro system has been developed to test whether colicin E2 possesses DNase
      activity. Purified colicin E2 preparations introduced one single-strand scission
      in supercoiled lambda phage DNA. Glycerol gradient fractionation of colicin E2
      supports the association of in vitro action with in vivo cell-killing activity.
      Colicin E2 preparations also attacked superhelical SV40 DNA yielding open circles
      and fragments and single-stranded fd DNA molecules causing one or more
      endonucleolytic breaks. The possible role of contaminating nucleases in the
      activity of colicin E2 preparations is discussed.

PMID- 167802
TI  - Spin-label studies of tropomyosin.
AB  - Studies are reported on nitroxide spin-labeled tropomyosin. The labels attach to
      sulfhydryl groups and to amino groups. The amino spins are highly mobile, the
      sulfhydryl much less so. Spin count studies show an average of approximately 0.5
      labeled sulfhydryl/tropomyosin molecule and only approximately 0.15 labeled amino
      group/molecule. The spectra are used tostudy the denaturation of tropomyosin by
      guanidine hydrochloride. The information obtained reveals the course of
      denaturation at sites near the sulfhydryl group. It is found that these sites are
      more susceptible to guanidine than the bulk of the molecule; denaturation at the
      sulfhydryl sites is complete by 1.5 M guanidine, whereas optical studies indicate
      the molecule as a whole is not completely denatured until the concentration
      reaches 3.5 M. Spectra are also shown of tropomyosin fibers oriented variously
      with respect to the applied magnetic field. Strong orientation effects are seen
      and these indicate that the sulfhydryl-attached spins (but not the amino-attached
      spins) have a definite orientation in the fiber. Interpretation of the spectra
      reveals that the normal to the nitroxide plane is inclined to the fiber axis at
      an angle of 50 degrees. Circular dichroism studies in the tyrosine region also
      reveal drastic changes with guanidine denaturation, confirming the idea that
      denaturation produces pronounced increase in mobility at the beta carbon (as in
      the sulfhydryl casey). A strong negative band existing only in helical
      tropomyosin at pH's where the tyrosines are uncharged appears to be due to
      interaction of tyrosines with the helical backbone, whereas the appearance of a
      strong positive CD band at 250 nm at high pH (approximately11) seems to be
      ascribable to interaction between the charged phenolic groups and the
      dissymmetric backbone alpha-carbon atom.

PMID- 167803
TI  - Correlation between quaternary structure and ligand dissociation kinetics for
      fully liganded hemoglobin.
AB  - The quaternary structures of fully liganded adult hemoglobin and hemoglobin
      Kansas (alpha2beta2 102 Asn-thr) bound by carbon monoxide or nitric oxide were
      spectroscopically characterized using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance
      (NMR) and ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD). The spectral markers used for the
      quarternary transition were the line in the NMR spectrum in H2O-14 ppm downfield
      from 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate and the negative peak at 285 nm in
      the ultraviolet CD spectrum. In the nitrosyl derivatives, these two structural
      markers were compared with the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum at
      room temperature for the purpose of correlating structural changes in the protein
      with changes at the heme...

PMID- 167804
TI  - Mapping of the SV40 specific sequences transcribed in vitro from chromatin of
      SV40 transformed cells.
AB  - Chromatin was isolated from SV40 transformed mouse cells (SV3T3) and transcribed
      with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The SV40 specific transcripts were analyzed
      by annealing the RNA to the minus strands of purified fragments of SV40 DNA
      produced by cleavage of the DNA with a restriction enzyme isolated from
      Hemophilus aegyptius. Quantitation of the frequency of transcription from the
      region (fragments A and D) was transcribed five to ten times more frequently than
      the remaining regions. These results are in good agreement with the transcription
      pattern observed in the transformed cell. In contrast, transcription of purified
      SV3T3 DNA by E. coli polymerase produced roughly equal frequencies of
      transcription from all regions of the integrated SV40 DNA. Comparison of the
      results with the known distribution of initiation sites for E. coli RNA
      polymerase on linear SV40 DNA indicates that the major initiation site is
      relatively unavailable in SV3T3 chromatin whereas other sites are available. This
      restriction is not observed when purified SV3T3 DNA is used as a template and
      must therefore result from the association of protein or other macromolecules
      with the DNA of the chromatin.

PMID- 167805
TI  - Initial membrane reaction in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. Spin-labeled
      intermediates as receptors for vancomycin and ristocetin.
AB  - Phospho-N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide translocase (UDP-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys-DAla
      DAla:undecaprenyl phosphate, phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide transferase) catalyzes
      the initial membrane reaction in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. The spin
      labeled nucleotide, UDP-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys (Nepsilon-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-N-oxyl
      pyrroline-3-carbonyl)-DAla-DAla, was used as a substrate by this enzyme for the
      synthesis of membrane-associated undecaprenyl-diphosphate-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu
      Lys(Nepsilon-Tempyo)-DAla-DAla. The spin-labeled substrate and product complex
      with the antibiotics vancomycin and ristocetin. The association constants for the
      spin-labeled nucleotide are 6.2 times 10(5) and 6.2 times 10(4) M-1 for
      vancomycin and ristocetin, respectively. The association constants for the spin
      labeled lipid intermediate are 3.0 times 10(4) and 2.1 times 10(4) M-1 for
      vancomycin and ristocetin, respectively. These results indicate that the acyl
      DAla termini of membranes-associated spin-labeled undecaprenyl-diphosphate-MurNAc
      pentapeptide are accessible to vancomycin and ristocetin and that the association
      constants are smaller than those determined for the corresponding antibiotic spin
      labeled UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide complexes.

PMID- 167806
TI  - A link between rhodopsin and disc membrane cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
      Action spectrum and sensitivity to illumination.
AB  - Frog (Rana pipiens) rod outer segment disc membranes contain guanosine 3',5'
      cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.1.c) which, in the presence of
      ATP, is stimulated 5- to 20-fold by illumination. The effectiveness of
      monochromatic light of different wavelengths in activating phosphodiesterase was
      examined. The action spectrum has a maximum of 500 nm, and the entire spectrum
      from 350 to 800 nm closely matches the absorption spectrum of rhodopsin, which is
      apparently the pigment which mediates the effects of light on phosphodiesterase
      activity. trans-Retinal alone does not mimic light. Half-maximal activation of
      the phosphodiesterase occurs with a light exposure which bleaches 1/2000 of the
      rhodopsins. Half-maximal activation can also be achieved by mixing 1 part of
      illuminated disc membranes in which the rhodopsin is bleached with 99 parts of
      unilluminated membranes. Regeneration of bleached rhodopsin by addition of 11-cis
      retinal is illuminated disc membranes reverses the ability of these membranes to
      activate phosphodiesterase in unilluminated membranes. If the rhodopsin
      regenerated by 11-cis-retinal is illuminated again, it regains the ability to
      activate phosphodiesterase. These studies show that the levels of cyclic
      nucleotides in vetebrate rod outer segments are regulated by minute amounts of
      light and clearly indicate that rhodopsin is the photopigment whose state of
      illumination is closely linked to the enzymatic activity of disc membrane
      phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 167807
TI  - Regulation of Membrane Flexibility in Human Erythrocytes.
AB  - We have used spin-labels to detect prostaglandin E induced changes in erythrocyte
      membranes. The observed changes in spin-label resonance spectra can be mimicked
      in erythrocyte ghosts by loading them with cAMP or cGMP. These changes can also
      be observed by adding either of these cyclic nucleotides to intact cells. This
      entry of cyclic nucleotides into intact cells is blocked by an inhibitor of the
      anion channel. We suggest that the observed changes in paramagnetic resonance
      spectra are due to changes in lipid "fluidity" that are brought about by changes
      in the biochemical state of membrane-associated proteins (such as spectrin) and
      in the direct or indirect biophysical interactions of these proteins with
      membrane lipids.

PMID- 167808
TI  - Swine lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. Changes in the plasma lipoproteins and
      apoproteins induced by cholesterol feeding.
AB  - Cholesterol feeding in miniature swine resulted in a hypercholesterolemia with a
      distinctive hyperlipoproteinemia and the subsequent development of
      atherosclerosis. Alterations in the type and distribution of plasma lipoproteins
      induced by cholesterol feeding were as follows: (a) the occurrence of beta
      migrating lipoproteins (B-VLDL) as well as very low density lipoproteins in the d
      less than 1.006 ultracentrifugal fraction; (b) an increased prominence of the
      intermediate lipoproteins (d = 1.006-1.02); (c) an increased prominence of low
      density lipoproteins; and (d) the occurrence of a distinctive lipoprotein with
      alpha mobility which was referred to as HDLc (cholesterol induced).
      Characterization of the various plasma lipoproteins included chemical
      composition, size by electron microscopy, and apoprotein content. The B-VLDL
      resembled the beta-migrating lipoproteins of human Type III hyperlipoproteinemia
      and contained a prominent protein equivalent to the arginine-rich apoprotein in
      addition to the B apoprotein, apo-A-I, and the fast-migrating apoproteins (apo
      C). The HDLc were rich in cholesterol, ranged in size from 100 to 240 A in
      diameter, and contained the arginine-rich apoprotein and apo-A0I but lacked the B
      apoprotein. The arginine-rich apoproteins isolated from B-VLDL and HDLc by gel
      chromatography were similar in amino acid analyses, with glutamic acid as their
      amino-terminal residue. The occurrence of a spectrum of cholesterol-rich
      lipoproteins which contained the arginine-rich apoprotein with the occurrence of
      accelerated atherosclerosis suggested an interesting, although speculative,
      association.

PMID- 167809
TI  - 13-C nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the lipid organization in enveloped
      virions (vesicular stomatitis virus).
AB  - 13-C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies are described regarding the lipid
      organization in the envelope of the vesicular stomatitis virion. The fatty acid
      chains (oleic acid) and the choline moiety of the 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine and
      spingomyelin have been labeled specifically with 13-C by growing the virions in
      prelabeled host cells (BHK 21 cells). The results suggest that 130C NMR
      spectroscopy is a very feasible method for the study of natural membranes
      provided the isotope is highly enriched in specific positions and incorporated
      biochemically. Spin-lattice relaxation (T1) measurements of particular C atoms
      have been carried out with whole virions, with virions deprived of their surface
      projections by trypsinization but unaltered in their shape and size, and with
      liposomes prepared from the total lipid mixture of the envelope in order to get
      insight into the molecular structure of this model membrane. The mobility of the
      central part of 11-13-C-labeled oleic acid incorporated into the ester and amide
      lipids and the choline group of 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin is
      very restricted as indicated by their short T1 times. It is concluded from the
      data presented here that the high cholesterol content (cholesterol/P: 0.7) of the
      envelope lipid phase is responsible for the rather rigidly packed envelope
      structure. The mode and extent of the interactions between lipids and
      glycoprotein surface projections are subjects for further study.

PMID- 167810
TI  - The amino acid sequence of chick skin collagen alpha1-CB7.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of chick skin collagen alpha1-CB7, the 268 CNBr peptide
      from the helical portion of the alpha1 chain, has been determined by automatic
      and manual degradation of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides, and of the COOH
      terminal fragment produced by cleavage with animal collagenase. The resulting
      sequence shows 94% identity with that of the corresponding peptide from calf skin
      collage (Fietzek, P. P., Rexrodt, F. W., Hopper, K. E., and Kuhn, K. (1973), Eur.
      J. Biochem. 38, 396). The bond cleaved by animal collagenase has been identified
      as Gly-Ile at residues 221-222 of alpha1-CB7.

PMID- 167811
TI  - Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation of adrenal RNA polymerase I and III
      activities. Nucleotide incorporation into internal positions and 3' chain
      termini.
AB  - In the presence of 50 mM (NH4)2SO4 and low concentrations of alpha-amanitin (7.7
      mug/ml), adrenal nuclei synthesize predominately rRNA as characterized by size
      and base composition. Approximately 10% of the RNA synthesized under these
      conditions sediments at 4-5 S; this RNA synthesizing activity is inhibited by
      high concentrations of alpha-amanitin (231 mug/ml) indicating the presence of RNA
      polymerase III activity. ACTH administration to guinea pigs results in a twofold
      increase in adrenal nuclear RNA polymerase I and III activities at 14 hr of
      hormone treatment. Analysis of the amount of radiolabeled nucleoside triphosphate
      incorporated in vitro into 3' chain termini and into internal nucleotide
      positions has been utilized to measure the number of RNA chains and the average
      chain length synthesized in vitro. Incorporation into 3' chain termini is not
      changed by ACTH; incorporation into internal nucleotides is doubled in parallel
      with the increase in RNA polymerase I activity. These results are not due to an
      altered Km of RNA polymerase I for the four nucleoside triphosphates, nor to
      differential R Nase or phosphatase activity. These studies suggest that the
      regulation of RNA polymerase I by ACTH is accomplished in part through an
      increase in the rate of RNA chain elongation.

PMID- 167812
TI  - Synthetic position 5 analogs of adrenocorticotropin fragments and their in vitro
      lipolytic activity.
AB  - Twenty-three analogs of the ACTH-(4-10)-heptapeptide sequence, which forms the
      "active core" of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and related hormones, have been
      synthesized by the solid-phase method. These analogs all contain structural
      modifications at or near the 5-glutamic acid residue of ACTH. The peptides were
      purified to electrophoretic and chromatographic homogeneity. The peptides were
      assayed for lipolytic activity in an isolated cell system derived from rabbit
      adipose tissue. In this system, it was determined that residue 5 plays a very
      important "spacer" role in the peptide, but that this spacer function is not very
      dependent on the nature of the side chain of the position 5 amino acid. It was
      found, however, that a number of analogs containing basic residues (arginine or
      lysine) in position 3 and/or position 5 of ACTH-(3-10) and ACTH-(4-10) fragments
      have 5 to 10 times the activity of the respective parent peptides. The presence
      of a latent anionic locus in the rabbit fat-cell receptor for ACTH is suggested
      by this study.

PMID- 167813
TI  - Effect of the human plasma apolipoproteins and phosphatidylcholine acyl donor on
      the activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase.
AB  - The human plasma apoproteins apoA-I and apoC-I enhanced the activity of partially
      purified lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase five to tenfold with chemically
      defined phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol single bilayer vesicles as substrates. By
      contrast, apoproteins apoA-II, apoC-II, and apoC-III did not give any enhancement
      of enzyme activity. The activation by apoA-I and apoC-I differed, depending upon
      the nature of the hydrocarbon chains of phosphatidylcholine acyl donor. ApoA-I
      was most effective with a phosphatidylcholine containing an unsaturated fatty
      acyl chain. ApoC-I activated LCAT to the same extent with both saturated and
      unsaturated phosphatidylcholine substrates. Two of the four peptides obtained by
      cyanogen bromide cleavage of apoA-I retained some ability to activate LCAT. The
      efficacy of each of these peptides was approximately 25% that of the whole
      protein. Cyanogen bromide fragments of apoC-I were inactive. The apoproteins from
      HDL, HDL2, and HDL3, at low protein concentrations, were equally effective as
      activators of LCATand less effective than apoA-I. Higher concentrations of
      apoHDL, apoHDL2, and apoHDL3 inhibited LCAT activity. ApoC and apoA-II were both
      found to inhibit the activation of LCAT by apoA-I. The inhibition of LCAT by
      higher concentrations of apoHDL was not correlated with the aopA-II and apoC
      content.

PMID- 167814
TI  - Synthesis of a new phosphatidylserine spin-label and calcium-induced lateral
      phase separation in phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylcholine membranes.
AB  - A new phosphatidylserine spin label with nitroxide stearate attached at the 2
      position has been synthesized by the reaction of spin-labeled CDP-diglyceride
      with L-serine under the catalytic action of phosphatidylserine synthetase. Some
      structural properties of pure phosphatidylserine (PS) and binary PS
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes were studied with the spin label. PS membrane
      became solidified on lowering solution pH, 50% solidification being attained at
      pH 3.5. The membrane was also solidified by addition of Ca-2+. The effect of Ba
      2+,Sr-2+, and Mg-2+ was smaller than that of Ca-2+. The calcium-induced lateral
      phase separation in the binary membrane was studied from the side of the calcium
      receiving lipid. The results confirmed and extended our previous conclusion drawn
      with PC spin label. The phase diagram of the binary membrane in the presence of
      Ca-2+ was determined. Not all PS molecules were aggregated to form the solid
      patches but some remained dissolved in the fluid PC matrix. The fluid PS fraction
      was larger for the membranes containing more PC. The membrane with 10% PS still
      had a significant fraction of solid phase. The rate of calcium-induced
      aggregation was greatly dependent on the PS content. The aggregation was almost
      complete within 5 min in the membrane containing 67% PS, while it was still
      proceeding after several hours in the membrane with 20% PS. The rate-limiting
      step was suggested to be in the formation of "stable" nuclei consisting of larger
      aggregates. The possible biological significance of the ionotropic phase
      separation was discussed whereby a transient density fluctuation was emphasized.

PMID- 167815
TI  - Kinetics of gonadotropin binding by receptors of the rat testis. Analysis by a
      nonlinear curve-fitting method.
AB  - The kinetics of the reaction between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and
      specific gonadotropin receptors in the rat testis were determined at 24 and 37
      degrees, over a wide range of hormone concentrations. Hormone concentrations were
      corrected for the binding activity of the (-125I)hCG tracer preparations.
      Analysis of the experimental data was performed with an interactive nonlinear
      curve fitting program, based upon the second-order chemical kinetic differential
      equation. The mean values for the association rate constant (k1) were 4.7 x 10-7
      M-1 min-1 at 24 degrees, and 11.0 x 10-7 M-1 min-1 at 37 degrees. At both
      temperatures, the values of kl were independent of hormone concentration. Initial
      dissociation rates were consistent with first order kinetics, with dissociation
      rate constant (k2) of 1.7 x 10 minus -3 and 4.6 x 10 minus -3 min minus -1 at 24
      and 37 degrees, respectively. When studied over longer periods at 24 degrees, the
      dissociation process appeared to be multiexponential. The kinetics of degradation
      of (-125I)hCG and receptors were determined at both temperatures, and a
      mathematical model was developed by modification of the second-order chemical
      kinetic differential equation to take these factors into account. The application
      of such a model to hCG kinetic binding data demonstrated that reactant
      degradation had little significant effect on the derivation of the association
      rate constant (k1), but caused significant overestimation of the dissociation
      rate constant (k2) values derived from association experiments. The model was
      also applied by computer simulation to a theoretical analysis of the effects of
      degradation of free hormone and receptor sites upon kinetic and steadystate
      binding data. By this method, the initial velocities of hormone binding were
      shown to be less affected by degradation than the steady-state levels of hormone
      receptor complex. Also, reactant degradation in simulated steady-state
      experiments caused an underestimate of the apparent equilibrium association
      constant, but had relatively less effect on the determination of binding site
      concentration.

PMID- 167816
TI  - Demonstration and partial characterization of cytosol receptors for testosterone.
AB  - Androgen uptake was investigated in several peripheral organs after
      administration of (1,2,6,7 minus -3H)testosterone to castrated male rats. The
      animals were killed after 30 min, the organs were taken out, and the
      radioactivity was determined after tissue combustion. A relatively high
      accumulation of androgen was found in pancreas, adrenals, spleen, thigh muscle,
      kidneys, and liver in addition to the classical androgen target organs
      coagulation glands, seminal vesicles, prostate, preputial glands, and harderian
      glands. In a second serier of experiments, nuclear and cytosol fractions were
      prepared from prostate, seminal vesicles, coagulation glands, preputial glands,
      spleen, submaxillary glands, kidneys, and pancreas from castrated male rats give
      (1,2,6,7 minus -3H)testosterone, and these fractions were then characterized by
      thin-layer and radio-gas chromatography with respect to their patterns of labeled
      steroids. Only prostate and seminal vesicles were found to contain significant
      amounts of nuclear 5alpha-(-3H)dihydrotestosterone. The major nuclear androgen
      was (-3H)testosterone that was the only detectable labeled steroid in coagulation
      glands, preputial glands, and spleen and that constituted 70% or more of the
      nuclear radioactivity in seminal vesicles, submaxillary glands, kidneys, and
      pancreas. These results indicate that testosterone itself may be the predominant
      active androgen principle in vivo in most androgen target organs and that
      conversion to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone is generally not a prerequisite for
      androgen activity. Using an ultrasensitive micromodification of isoelectric
      focusing (cf. M. Katsumata and A. S. Goldman (1974), Biochem. Biophys. Acta 359,
      112. It was possible to show that cytosol from kidney; submaxillary gland, thigh
      muscle, and levator ani muscle and nuclei from kidney and submaxillary gland
      contained androgen-binding proteins with pI's in the region 4.6-5.1 ("4.6 minus
      5.1 Complex"). This complex also formed in vitro after incubation of (1,2,6,7
      minus -3H)testosterone with cytosol from kidney and submaxillary gland. (1,2,6,7
      minus -3H)Testosterone was bound with high affinity to receptor proteins in
      cytosol from both kidney, submaxillary gland, and thigh muscle with dissociation
      constants of 5.0 x 10 minus -12 M (kidney), 3.3 x 10 mi;nus -11 M and 4.1 x 10
      minus -10 M (two types of binding sites, submaxillary gland), 2.4 x 10 minus -12
      M (thigh muscle) and 1.9 x 10 minus -12 M (levator ani muscle). The number of
      binding sites was in all cases between 1 and 20 fmol/mg of protein. On the basis
      of these results the hypothesis is presented that a common class of testosterone
      receptors is present in most organs and that these receptors can be detected both
      in vivo and in vitro provided methods sensitive enough are utilized.

PMID- 167817
TI  - Fucosyl-glycoprotein and precursor polls in HeLa cells.
AB  - An enzymatic-radioactive isotope method has been developed for the direct
      quantitation of L-fucose in amounts as low at 0.5 plus or minus 0.05 nmol. Fucose
      kinase is used to transfer [32-P]phosphate from ATP to [3-H]fucose. The labeled
      enzymatic products are then separated electrophoretically and the amount and
      specific activity of the fucose are determined from the known specific activity
      of the phosphate donor. This assay has been used to measure the GDP-L-fucose and
      macromolecualar fucose in HeLa cells after extraction and purification of the
      sugar. It has been determined there are 0.5 nmol of GDP-L-fucose in 10-7 cells
      with a nine- to tenfold dilution of specific activity in converting L-[3-H]
      fucose to GDP-L-[3-H]fucose. After 2 to 3 days of labeling, the GDP-L-[3-H]fucose
      pool is essentially at equilibrium with the macromolecular pool, and hence it can
      be concluded that the dilution of label is due to a nine- to tenfold contribution
      to GDP-L-fucose from an endogenous source, as compared to exogenously supplied
      fucose. The fucosyl-glycoprotein pool has been shown to be much larger containing
      6 to 8 nmol of fucose in 10-7 cells. It has further been shown that GDP-fucose is
      the only soluble fucose intermediate present in significant amount.

PMID- 167818
TI  - Molecular weights of estrogen and androgen binding proteins in the liver of
      Xenopus laevis.
AB  - [3-H]Estradiol-17beta and [3-H]dihydrotestosterone binding proteins in the
      cytosol fraction of liver from both male and female Xenopus laevis were
      characterized by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. These binding proteins,
      which were indistinguishable based upon their mobilities on gels of different
      acrylamide concentrations, migrated as single components with a molecular weight
      of 2.0 x 10-4. Separation of native or sodium dodecyl sulfate denatured specific
      estrogen-binding components on dodecyl sulfate free acrylamide gels gave similar
      results, i.e., a single species of molecular weight 2.0-2.5 x 10-4. The same
      molecular weight also was obtained when cytosol was prepared in the presence of
      either diisopropyl fluorophosphate or phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, protease
      inhibitors. Evidence that the liver components binding either [3-H]estradiol-17
      beta or [3-H]dihydrotestosterone were not plasma contaminants was provided by the
      observation that the plasma sex-steroid binding globulin of Xenopus had a
      different mobility when separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 167819
TI  - Magnetic resonance and kinetic studies of pyruvate, phosphate dikinase.
      Interaction of oxalate with the phosphorylated form of the enzyme.
AB  - Pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (EC 2.7.9.1) carries out its catalytic function
      in three successive partial reactions, the final step being the reaction of
      pyruvate with a stable phosphoenzyme intermediate to give phosphoenolpyruvate and
      free enzyme (Evans, H.J., and Wood, H. G. (1968), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
      61, 1448). Interactions of oxalate, a structural analog of enolpyruvate, with the
      phosphorylated form of the enzyme have been investigated by kinetic inhibition
      measurements and by magnetic resonance studies of manganous ion complexes with
      the enzyme. Oxalate inhibits the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate, phosphate
      dikinase, and the inhibition is linearly competitive with respect to pyruvate.
      The inhibitor constant for oxalate of 25 mu-M is fourfold lower than the
      Michaelis constant for pyruvate. The enhancement in the longitudinal relaxation
      rate of water protons (PRR) which occurs upon binding of Mn(II) to the enzyme has
      been used to monitor binding of oxalate to Mn(II)-enzyme complexes. PRR
      titrations indicate that the dissociation constant of oxalate from the Mn(II)
      complex of the free form of the enzyme is an order of magnitude weaker than the
      kinetically determined Ki. On the other hand, titrations of solutions which
      contain the phosphorylated form of the enzyme reveal a much stronger binding of
      oxalate. Moreover, the strength of oxalate binding to the phosphorylated enzyme
      is a function both of the species and of the concentration of monovalent cations
      in the solution. In the presence of Tl+, which has the most favorable activator
      constant for the final partial reaction, the dissociation constant for oxalate
      from its complex with the phosphorylated enzyme is less than 1 mu-M. Electron
      paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra for the enzyme-bound Mn(II) are sensitive to
      structural perturbations which occur upon binding of substrates or of oxalate to
      the enzyme. The EPR spectrum for the Mn(II)-phosphoenzyme-oxalate species is
      distinguished from spectra for other complexes of the enzyme by unusually narrow
      line widths and consequent resolution of fine structure from electronic
      quadrupole splitting. The narrow lines in the EPR spectrum are indicative of a
      rigid, pseudocrystalline environment for the bound Mn(II). The magnitude and
      frequency dependence of the PRR for the Mn(II)-phosphoenzyme-oxalate complex
      indicate that if any water molecules are bound to the Mn(II), their exchange with
      the bulk water is severely retarded. The kinetic and magnetic resonance studies
      support the hypothesis that oxalate mimics the reactive intermediate,
      enolpyruvate, in a complex with the phosphorylated enzyme which may resemble the
      structure of the transition state of the final partial reaction.

PMID- 167820
TI  - A study of protein-sodium dodecyl sulfate complexes by transient electric
      birefringence.
AB  - The method of transient electric birefringence has been applied to study the
      conformation of protein-sodium dodecyl sulfate complexes. A model of a deformable
      prolate ellipsoid has been proposed for the protein-dodecyl sulfate complex. This
      model is compared to the models proposed by J. A. Reynolds and C. Tanford (1970),
      J. Biol. Chem. 245, 5161) and K. Shirahama, K. Tsujii, and T. Takagi (1974, J.
      Biochem. 75, 309). Differences between these latter two models are resolved by
      the model presented here. In addition, it has been demonstrated that protein
      molecular weights may be obtained from the slow relaxation time for transient
      electric birefringence of protein-dodecyl sulfate complexes.

PMID- 167821
TI  - Characterization of procollagen-derived peptides unique to the precursor
      molecule.
AB  - A disulfide-bonded fragment with a molecular weight of about 100,000 was
      identified in the medium of cultured chick cranial bone and its derivation from
      procollagen was established by immunological criteria. The molecular weight of
      the fragment was reduced to 33,000 after cleavage of disulfide bonds, indicating
      a triple-stranded structure. The amino acid composition of the fragment lacked
      hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine and differed markedly from that of collagen in
      other respects. A similar but somewhat larger fragment was isolated after
      bacterial collagenase digestion of chick bone procollagen purified by
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The characterization and comparison of these
      fragments further define the nature of the additional regions in procollagen and,
      when combined with information derived from studies of acid-extracted and
      dermatosparactic procollagens, support a mechanism for the conversion of
      procollagen to collagen which involves more than one proteolytic step.

PMID- 167822
TI  - Conformational changes in the progesterone binding globulin-progesterone complex.
AB  - An improved purification procedure for the progesterone-binding globulin (PBG) of
      the pregnant guinea pig has been developed utilizing sulfopropyl Sephadex, a
      strong cation exchanger, in the first step. The method exploits the low pI (2.8)
      and favorable acid stability of the glycoprotein. Subsequent chromatographies on
      DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 afford a highly purified PBG that exhibits the
      previously observed polydispersity (R.M. Burton et al. (1974), Biochemistry 13,
      3554-3561). Circular dichroism, optical rotatory dispersion, and difference uv
      spectra all indicate the purified protein to undergo a conformational transition
      upon forming a complex with a steroid ligand. The CD and ORD spectra cannot be
      interpreted in terms of tertiary structure probably due to carbohydrate
      contributions. However, the difference spectra indicate strong perturbation of
      both a tryptophan residue and the steroid chromophore in the complex.

PMID- 167823
TI  - Actions of insulin, epinephrine, and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate
      on fat cell protein phosphorylations. Cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate dependent
      and independent mechanisms.
AB  - Endogenous and hormone-induced protein (polypeptide) phosphorylations were
      studied in isolated rat fat cells, in fat pads, and in subcellular fractions
      obtained from fat tissue under different physiological conditions. Insulin (25
      100 muU/ml) increased the incorporation of 32P into two proteins: insulin
      phosphorylated proteins (IPP 140 and IPP 50; similar to 140,000 and 50,000
      daltons, respectively). Epinephrine (10(-7)-10(-6) M) increased the incorporation
      of 32P into another protein: epinephrine-phosphorylated protein (EPP 60-65;
      similar to 60,000-65,000 daltons). Endogenous IPP 140 phosphorylation in fat
      cells obtained from fasted and refed rats was similar to that of insulin in
      normal cells. Studies of insulin and epinephrine interactions showed that insulin
      increased IPP 140 phosphorylation even in the presence of epinephrine or lithium
      (25 mM times 10(-3) M). dibutyryl cyclic AMP (5 times 10(-4) M) markedly
      stimulated EPP 60-65 phosphorylation, but neither epinephrine (10(-7)-10(-6) M)
      nor dibutyryl cyclic AMP reproduced insulin's phosphorylation of APP 140. Lithium
      inhibited both endogenous and epinephrine-stimulate EPP 60-65 phosphorylation,
      but did not inhibit that induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. These findings suggest
      that insulin stimulated a specific, cyclic AMP independent protein kinase for IPP
      140 phosphorylation. Cell-free extracts from insulin-treated fat tissue catalyzed
      the specific transfer of 32P from ATP to IPP 140 more rapidly than control
      extracts. No differences in the total receptor protein or total protein kinase
      activity using [gamma(-32P]ATP were noted between insulin-treated and control
      preparations. IPP 140 may be either (a) an insulin-sensitive protein kinase
      (phosphotransferase) or (b) a protein whose function is regulated by an insulin
      sensitive protein kinase or phosphatase.

PMID- 167824
TI  - 2-substituted derivatives of adenosine and inosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate.
      Synthesis, enzymic activity, and analysis of the structural requirements of the
      binding locale of the 2-substituent on bovine brain protein kinase.
AB  - A number of 2-substituted cyclic nucleotide derivatives were synthesized and
      investigated as activators of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and as substrates for
      and inhibitors of cAMP phosphodiesterase. Ring closure of 5-amino-1-beta-D
      ribofuranosylimidazol-4-carboxamide cyclic 3',5'-phosphate (1) with various
      aldehydes according to a new procedure (Meyer, R. B., Jr., Shuman, D.A., and
      Robins, R. K. (1974), J. Am. Chem. Soc. 96, 4962) gave new derivatives of
      adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate with the following 2-substituents: n-propyl, n
      hexl, n-octyl, n-decyl, styryl, o-methoxyphenyl, and 2-thienyl. Alkylation of 2
      mercaptoadenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate (20, Meyer et al., 1974) gave new cAMP
      derivatives with the following 2-substituent: ethylthio, n-propylthio,
      isopropylthio, allylthio, n-decylthio, and benzylthio. Deamination of 2-methyl-,2
      n-butyl-, and 2-ethylthioadenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate. Using multiple
      regression analysis, a striking relationship was found between the relative
      potency of the compounds as activators of bovine brain cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase and parameters describing the hydrophobic, steric, and electronic
      character of the substituents on these compounds. All compounds were substrates
      for a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase preparation from rabbit kidney.
      Additionally, the compounds were as a group, good inhibitors of the hydrolysis of
      cAMP by phosphodiesterase preparations from rabbit lung, beef heart, and dog
      heart.

PMID- 167825
TI  - Temperature dependence of the optical activity of human serum low density
      lipoprotein. The role of lipids.
AB  - Low density lipoprotein (LDL) (1.024-1.045 G/cm3) was prepared by
      ultracentrifugal flotation from serum of normal fasting subjects. Circular
      dichroism (CD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) spectra in the ultraviolet
      region were measured at 2, 25, and 37 degrees on LDL, lipid extracted from LDL,
      and on pure component lipids. All exhibit reversible, temperature-dependent
      optical activities. Sphingomyelin has a strong negative CD band around 195 nm.
      Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters have a CD minimum at 208 nm. They have
      positive CD bands around 201 and 198 nm which decrease sharply and become
      negative at 198 and 193 nm, respectively. The CD of the total lipid extract of
      LDL is negative and drops monotonically below 200 nm. Thus, the lipid moiety
      could account for the increasing negativity of the CD of LDL below 195 nm. After
      subtraction of the ellipticity corresponding to amounts of lipids in organic
      solvents equivalent to those found in LDL, the 208-210 nm trough of LDL
      diminishes markedly. This is accompanied by a blue-shift of the extrema from 195
      196 to 193 nm and an increase in the magnitude of the positive ellipticity. The
      fractions of helix and of beta form in the protein, determined by the method of
      Y. H. Chen, J. T. Yang, and K. H. Chau ((1974), Biochemistry 13, 3350), in the
      wavelength interval of 250-240 nm, remain essentially unchanged between 2 and 37
      degrees. These observations suggest that a substantial part of the thermal change
      in the CD spectrum of LDL between 208 and 210 nm may be attributable to lipids.

PMID- 167826
TI  - The DNA melting transition in aqueous magnesium salt solutions.
AB  - The melting transition of the magnesium salt of DNA has been systematically
      examined in the presence of various types of anions. The addition of ClO4- to a
      concentration of 3.0 N results in the biphasic optical transition, with the first
      phase exhibiting rapid reversibility and independence of the DNA concentration.
      This subtransition, which is interpreted as an intramolecular condensation to a
      collapsed form of DNA, is followed by a DNA concentration-dependent aggregation
      reaction. The aggregation can be reversed by increasing the ClO4- concentration
      to 6.0 N while elevating the temperature to post-transition levels.
      Alternatively, both the collapse and the aggregation can be prevented by melting
      in the presence of trichloroacetate, the most strongly chaotropic solvent for DNA
      which has been reported (K. Hamaguchi and E. P. Geiduschek (1962), J. Am. Chem.
      Soc. 84, 1329). The forces responsible for mediating both the collapse and the
      aggregation are superficially similar to those involved in maintaining duplex
      stability. The collapsed form, in particular, possibly possesses features in
      common with the condensed structures which can be produced in aqueous solution of
      certain polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (Lerman, L.S. (1971), Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68, 1886).

PMID- 167827
TI  - Malate dehydrogenase, anticooperative NADH, and L-malate binding in ternary
      complexes with Supernatant pig heart enzyme.
AB  - Supernatant malate dehydrogenase from pig heart, a dimeric protein containing two
      very similar or identical subunits, shows negatively cooperative
      (anticooperative) interactions between NADH binding sites in the presence, but
      not in the absence, of 0.1 M L-malate. This behavior is observed consitently
      whether the technique used employs protein fluorescence quenching, NADH
      fluorescence enhancement, or ultrafiltration dialysis. Fluorescence titration
      shows that L-malate is also anticooperatively bound in the presence of saturating
      concentrations of NADH. The data are consistent with an "induced asymmetry" model
      in which conformational change accompanies the formation of the ternary complex.
      Two of the three chromatographically resolvable forms of the enzyme have been
      tested and found to have anticooperative behavior.

PMID- 167828
TI  - The role of arginyl residues in directing carboxymethylation of horse liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The selective carboxymethylation by iodoacetate of Cys-46 in the active center of
      horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been shown to be mediated by interaction of
      the anionic reagent with the arginyl residue(s) previously shown to be
      responsible for binding NADH (L.G. Lange, J.F. Riordan, and B.L. Vallee (1974),
      Biochemistry 13, 4361). Thus, sequential and reversible chemical modification of
      arginine with butanedione and of cysteine with pmercuribenzoate demonstrate that
      the essential thiol groups are not affected by arginine modification.
      Importantly, the rate of incorporation of [14C]idoacetate into native horse liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase is ten times faster than that for the butanedione-modified
      enzyme. Moreover, as evidenced by peptide isolation, the radiolabel incorporated
      into the latter occurs at low levels in several different peptides as opposed to
      the single, strongly labeled CmCys-46 peptide obtained from the native enzyme.
      The demonstration that the arginyl residue(s) involved in coenzyme binding
      promotes enhanced reactivity of the active site thiol supports the general
      hypothesis that the spatial arrangement of structural features allowing
      expression of enzymatic function may also account for enhanced chemical
      reactivity of certain active site residues (B.L Vallee and J.F. Riordan (1969),
      Annu. Rev. Biochem. 38, 733).

PMID- 167829
TI  - Nucleotide regulation of a eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation complex;.
AB  - Formation of a ternary initiation complex containing Met-tRNAf, GTP and
      eukaryotic initiation factor 2, is the first step in sequential assembly of the
      initiation complex. The concentration of GTP required for half maximal formation
      of the ternary complex is 2.5 with 10(-6) M. GDP is a potent competitive
      inhibitor of ternary complex formation with Ki = 3.4 with 10(-7) M. The
      nucleotide binding site on eukaryotic initiation factor 2 demonstrates relative
      specificity for GDP with KD(GDP) = 3.0 with 10(-8) M; 100-fold higher
      concentrations of GTP than GDP are required for displacement of either [(3)H]GDP
      or [(3)h]gtp from the necleotide binding site. An ATP-dependent stimulation of
      ternary complex formation observed in partially purified initiation factor
      preparations is due to nucleoside diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6) which serves to
      remove inhibitory levels of GDP by phosphorylation with ATP. Since GTP is
      hydrolyzed to GDP during protein synthesis, this provides a mechanism by which
      the ATP:ADP ratio may regulate the rate of initiation of protein synthesis.

PMID- 167830
TI  - Studies of coenzyme binding to rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phoshate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The binding of NAD+, NADH and adenosine diphosphoribose (Ado-PP-Rib) to a stable,
      highly active and nucleotide-free preparation of rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase
      (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12) has been studied. All three nucleotides quench
      the protein fluorescence to the same extent when they bind to the enzyme, and
      this property has been used to measure the dissociation constants for the two
      high-affinity binding sites for the nucleotides. The results indicate negative
      interactions between, or non-identify of, these two binding sites, to which NAD+
      and NADH bind with similar affinity. The binding of NAD+ to the enzyme has been
      studied by spectrophotometric titrations at 360 nm. It appears that the binding
      of NAD+ to each of the four subunits of the enzyme contributes equally to the
      intensity of this 'Racker' band. The dissociation constants associated with the
      binding of the third and fourth molecules of NAD+ estimated from such titrations
      confirm some previous estimates. The binding of NADH to the enzyme causes a
      decrease of intensity of the absorbance of the coenzyme at 340 nm, and the
      dissociation constants for binding of the third and fourth molecules of NADH have
      been estimated from spectrophotometric titrations. They are the same as those for
      NAD+.  Judging by the apparent dissociation constants, negative interactions on
      binding the third molecule of NAD+ or NADH are more marked than those associated
      with the binding of the second and fourth molecules, suggesting that a major
      conformational change occurs at half-saturation of the tetramer with coenzyme.

PMID- 167831
TI  - EPR studies on compound I of horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Compound I of horseradish peroxidase (donor: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase EC
      1.11.1.7) was studied by EPR at low temperatures. An asymmetric signal was found,
      about 15 Gauss wide and with a g-value of 1.995, which could be detected only at
      temperatures below 20 K and which had an intensity corresponding to about 1% of
      the heme content. In a titration with H2O2, the signal intensity was proportional
      to the concentration of Compound I, reaching a maximum when equivalent amounts of
      H2O2 were added. This indicates that the signal is not due to an impurity, and it
      is suggested that a free radical is formed, relaxed by a near-by fast-relaxing
      iron.

PMID- 167832
TI  - Isolation of an activator of multiple forms of cyclic nucleotides
      phosphodiesterase of rat cerebrum by isoelectric focusing.
AB  - An isoelectric focusing technique was used to isolate multiple forms of cyclic
      nucleotide phosphodiesterase from a 105 000 times g soluble supernatant fraction
      of sonicated rat cerebrum. These separated peaks of activity had iso-electric
      points of 5.1, 5.6, 6.0, 6.6, 8.0, and 9.0. The activities were not stimulated by
      an endogenous activator of the enzyme but were inhibited by EGTA treatment.
      However, activator-sensitive forms of the enzyme could be separated from brain if
      the preparation of rat cerebrum was dialyzed against an EGTA containing buffer
      prior to electrofocusing. The procedure was also used to isolate a column
      fraction that stimulated maximum velocities of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP
      hydrolysis. This fraction was itself devoid of phosphodiesterase activity and had
      an isoelectric point of 4.7.

PMID- 167833
TI  - Characterization of human alpha-galactosidase A and B before and after
      neuraminidase treatment.
AB  - It has been previously reported that following neuraminidase treatment alpha
      galactosidase A is converted into the B form, as revealed by electrophoresis. By
      a variety of techniques such as isoelectrofocusing, DEAE-chromatography and by
      enzyme kinetic parameters, no conversion of alpha-galactosidase A into B, or the
      reverse, could be detected after neuraminidase treatment. Only an apparent
      transformation of alpha-galactosidase A into B was revealed by Cellogel
      electrophoresis. In addition, a discrepancy was noticed between the pattern of
      electrophoretic migration on starch gel and Cellogel and the net electrical
      charges of the two alpha-galactosidases as deduced by isoelectrofocusing and DEAE
      cellulose. Neuraminidase treatment did not affect the activity of alpha
      galactosidase A towards the natural substrate, ceramidetrihexoside, but the
      activity of alpha-galactosidase B decreased by about 30% under the same
      conditions. The two forms of alpha-galactosidases A and B used in this study were
      extensively purified by classical procedures.

PMID- 167834
TI  - Studies on the heme environment of horse heart ferric cytochrome c. Azide and
      imidazole complexes of ferric cytochrome c.
AB  - Horse heart ferric cytochrome c was investigated by the following three methods:
      (I) Light absorption spectrophotometry at 23 degrees C and 77 degrees K; (II)
      Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at 20 degrees K; (III) Precise
      equilibrium measurements of ferric cytochrome c with azide and imidazole between
      14.43 and 30.90 degrees C. I and II have demonstrated that: (1) Ferric cytochrome
      c azide and imidazole complexes were in the purely low spin state between 20
      degrees K and 23 degrees C; (2) The energy for the three t2g orbitals calculated
      in one hole formalism shows that azide or imidazole bind to the heme iron in a
      similar manner to met-hemoglobin azide or imidazole complexes, respectively. III
      has demonstrated that: (1) The change of standard enthalpy and that of standard
      entropy were -2.3 kcal/mol and -1.6 cal/mol per degree for the azide complex
      formation, and -1.4 kcal/mol and 2.9 cal/mol per degree for the imidazole complex
      formation. (2) A linear relationship between the change of entropy and that of
      enthalpy was observed for the above data for the cyanide complex formation. The
      complex formation of ferric cytochrome c was discussed based on the results of X
      ray crystallographic studies compared with hemoglobin and myoglobin.

PMID- 167835
TI  - Primary structure of cytochrome c from the insect Ceratitis capitata.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of cytochrome c from the Dipterous Ceratitis
      capitata (serie Acalypterae) has been determined by combining automatic and
      manual methods of sequence analysis. No overlaps between positions 79 and 80, 86
      and 87, 91 and 92 as well as between 99 and 100 were obtained. The alignment of
      these peptides was done by homology with other sequences of cytochromes c from
      insects already described. Comparison with the sequences of cytochromes c of
      other Diptera studied so far shows three changes (positions 50, 60 and 61,
      according to vertebrate cytochrome c numeration) from the Acalypteran Drosophila
      melanogaster and five changes (positions 9, 36, 50, 60 and 61) from that of the
      Calypteran Haematobia irritans.

PMID- 167836
TI  - The demonstration of ferrihemochrome intermediates in heinz body formation
      following the reduction of oxyhemoglobin A by acetylphenylhydrazone.
AB  - Interaction of acetylphenylhydrazine with oxyhemoglobin A in a hemolysate or in
      intact red cells resulted in the formation of ferrihemochromes as shown by a
      characteristic optical spectrum. The same optical spectrum was observed in a
      suspension of red cell ghosts containing numerous Heinz bodies. Electron
      paramagnetic resonance of actylphenylhydrazine-incubated red cells disclosed the
      presence of previously identified reversible ferrihemochromes, which can be
      reduced to functional hemoglobin, and irreversible ferrihemochromes, which cannot
      be reduced to functional hemoglobin. (Ferrihemochromes are defined as low spin
      forms of ferric hemoglobin having heme ligands endogenous to the protein
      structure). In contrast, only irreversible ferrihemochromes could be observed in
      ghosts containing Heinz bodies. In addition both optical and magnetic features of
      sulfhemoglobin were observed in an acetylphenylhydrazine-treated red cell
      hemolysate. Similar optical features are produced by the interaction of aromatic
      nitrogen-containg reductants with purified oxyhemoglobin in the presence of
      (NH4)2S. This reaction is not effected by the presence of catalase, suggesting
      that H2O2 is not an intermediate of the reaction. It is concluded that the
      mechanism of action of acetylphenylhydrazine with oxyhemoglobin is two-fold,
      ultimate reduction to high spin ferric hemoglobin followed by ferrihemochrome
      formation. Thus it appears that the pathway of denaturation of hemolytic anemias
      and thalassemia or induced by chemical reagents, entails a common route involving
      the formation of ferric hemoglobin by a reductive mechanism, followed by
      reversible ferrihemochromes, irreversible ferrihemochromes, and ultimately,
      precipitation.

PMID- 167837
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of the major apolipoprotein component of
      bovine serum high density lipoprotein.
AB  - The delipidated protein component of bovine serum high density lipoprotein was
      fractionated by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-150 column (equilibrated with
      buffer containing 6 M urea) into three fractions: I, II and III. Fractions I and
      II together constitute 88% of all the protein weight of bovine high density
      lipoprotein, whereas fraction III accounts for the remaining 12%. Analysis of the
      fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis reveals that
      fraction I consists mostly of aggregated forms of fraction II and some higher
      molecular weight species, probably irreversible aggregates of fraction II. The
      irreversible aggregates are apparently formed during the delipidation procedure
      or upon aging of the lipoprotein. The major protein component of the high density
      bovine lipoprotein is found in fraction II; it has a molecular weight of 27 000
      plus or minus 1500 and appears to be homogeneous by several physicochemical
      criteria. The amino acid composition of fractions I and II are essentially
      identical; their spectral properties, including absorption, fluorescence, and
      circular dichroism spectra, are similar; however, fraction I appears to contain
      traces of oxidized lipid and more secondary alpha-helical organization than
      fraction II. By comparison with the intact lipoprotein, which contains about 65%
      of alpha-helical structure, fractions I and II have diminished alpha-helical
      organization, 55% and 43%, respectively. Fraction III, on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis, separates into two protein bands of equivalent
      intensity, having molecular weights around 13 000 and 11 000. Fraction III is
      markedly distinct from the other two, in amino acid composition and spectral
      properties, especially in its red-shifted fluorescence and very low content of
      alpha-helical structure. The protein composition of bovine serum high density
      lipoprotein is compared with recently published results for high density
      lipoprotein apoproteins of man, chimpanzee, rhesus monkey, pig and rat.
      Similarities and differences are discussed in terms of possible evolutionary and
      functional factors.

PMID- 167838
TI  - Self-association of the major protein component of bovine serum high density
      lipoprotein.
AB  - The major protein component of bovine high density lipoprotein was investigated
      in solution by fluorescence polarization and ultracentrifugal techniques. A
      fluorescent derivative of this protein with 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl
      chloride was employed in the fluorescence experiments. Over the concentration
      range from 5-10(-7) M to 5-10(-4) M of the protein monomer at pH values from 2 to
      11 and ionic strengths from 0.03 to 2.0, at 23 degrees C, the major protein of
      bovine high density lipoproteinapoprotein (Apo-HOL-I) was found to exist in a
      stable aggregated form. The aggregate was not affected by dioxane additions of up
      to 20% nor by Triton X-100 to 0.2%, but dissociated readily in the presence of
      0.07% sodium dodecylsulfate or 6 M urea. At concentrations below 5-10(-7) M,
      dissociation of the protein aggregate started spontaneously and continued down to
      10(-8) M, the lowest measurable concentration. Several physiocochemical
      properties of the major protein of bovine high density lipoprotein were
      determined in the stable aggregate form. Molecular weight was 104 000 from
      ultracentrifugal analysis and 80 000 from gel-filtration. Rotational relaxation
      time was 115 ns at 25 degrees C, and s-0 20,w was 4.78 s. The results suggest
      very strong protein-protein interactions (Kd less than 10(-7) M) that are not
      electrostatic in nature. Hydrophobic interactions of a magnitude that could be
      affected by 20% dioxane or 0.2% Triton X-100 detergent are also excluded. There
      is saturation of the interaction sites by the aggregation of a few protein
      monomer units possibly to form a tetramer which is moderately asymmetric (1:4
      axial ratio, assuming an ellipsoid of revolution) and relatively rigid. The
      strong protein-protein interactions in this pure apolipoprotein suggest the
      possibility of competition of inter-protein associations with protein-lipid
      interactions in in vitro lipid binding or lipoprotein reconstitution experiments.

PMID- 167839
TI  - Effects of local anesthetics on membrane properties. II. Enhancement of the
      susceptibility of mammalian cells to agglutination by plant lectins.
AB  - Treatment of untransformed mouse and hamster cells with the tertiary amine local
      anesthetics dibucaine, tetracaine and procaine increases their susceptibility to
      agglutination by low doses of the plant lectin concanavalin A. Agglutination of
      anesthetic-treated untransformed cells by low doses of concanavalin A is
      accompanied by redistribution of concanavalin A receptors on the cell surface to
      form patches, similar to that occurring in spontaneous agglutination of virus
      transformed cells by concanavalin A. Immunofluorescence and freeze-fracture
      electronmicroscopic observations indicate that local anesthetics per se do not
      induce this redistribution of concanavalin A receptors but modify the plasma
      membrane so that receptor redistribution is facilitated on binding of
      concanavalin A to the cell surface. Fluorescence polarization measurements on the
      rotational freedom of the membrane-associated probe, diphenylhexatriene, indicate
      that local anesthetics produce a small increase in the fluidity of membrane
      lipids. Spontaneous agglutination of transformed cells by low doses of
      concanavalin A is inhibited by colchicine and vinblastine but these alkaloids
      have no effect on concanavalin A agglutination of anesthetic-treated cells.
      Evidence is presented which suggests that local anesthetics may impair membrane
      peripheral proteins sensitive to colchicine (microtubules) and cytochalasin-B
      (microfilaments). Combined treatment of untransformed 3T3 cells with colchicine
      and cytochalasin B mimics the effect of local anesthetics in enhancing
      susceptibility to agglutination by low doses of concanavalin A. A hypothesis is
      presented on the respective roles of colchicine-sensitive and cytochalasin B
      sensitive peripheral membrane proteins in controlling the topographical
      distribution of lectin receptors on the cell surface.

PMID- 167840
TI  - Bile salt alteration of ion transport across jejunal mucosa.
AB  - The effect of conjugated dihydroxy and trihydroxy bile salts on electrolyte
      transport across isolated rabbit jejunal mucosa was studied. Both
      taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid increased the short-circuit
      current (Isc) in bicarbonate-Ringer solution but not in a bicarbonate-free,
      chloride-free solution. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid was significantly more
      effective than taurocholic acid in increasing Isc. The presence of theophylline
      prevented the taurochenodeoxycholic acid- and taurocholic acid-induced increase
      in Isc. Transmural ion fluxes across jejunal mucosa demonstrated that 2 mM
      taurochenodeoxycholic acid decreased net Na+ absorption, increased net Cl-
      secretion and increased the residual flux (which probably represents HCO3-
      secretion). These studies support the hypothesis that cyclic AMP may be a
      mediator of intestinal electrolyte secretion.

PMID- 167841
TI  - Nuclease digestion of the DNA-protein complex from simian virus 40 virions.

PMID- 167842
TI  - Interaction of lysine-rich histone and DNA in chromatin structure.
AB  - The heat denaturation and renaturation curves of rat liver and ascites hepatoma
      (AH 108A) chromatins were measured. In these renaturation curves, there are small
      sigmoidal regions. These sigmoidal regions remained in redenaturation curves and
      were largely stable to DNAase I digestion. When the chromatins were treated
      stepwise with NaClO4 and lysine-rich histones were removed, the sigmoidal regions
      in the renaturation curves disappeared. These results suggested that the
      sigmoidal regions reflected the interaction of DNA and lysine-rich histones.

PMID- 167843
TI  - Non-histone chromosomal proteins from virus-transformed and untransformed 3T3
      mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - A peak in the non-histone chromosomal protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      profiles has been detected which is higher in log phase 3T3 and 3T3/SV40 cells
      than in density-inhibited 3T3 cells. Radioactive incorporation is substantially
      higher into this peak in log phase 3T3 than in 3T3/SV40 and density-inhibited 3T3
      cells. Reversion of 3T3/SV40 cells with dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline
      produces increased radioactive incorporation into the peak. Electrophoresis of
      non-histone chromosomal proteins extracted at different stages of the cell cycle
      in density inhibited 3T3 cells following serum stimulation shows a cyclic
      variation in the amount of this peak with maximum accumulation in late G1. In
      contrast the height of an equivalent peak in synchronously growing 3T3/SV40 cells
      remains constant throughout the cell cycle. It is postulated that the protein(s)
      of this peak may have a regulatory role in cell growth.

PMID- 167844
TI  - DNA synthesis in L-cells in the presence of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.
AB  - After 16 h of incubation with 10-minus6 M FdUrd, the rate of (32P) orthophosphate
      uptake into DNA isolated from L-cells amounted to 15% of that of an untreated
      culture, although cell division had stopped several hours earlier. All 4
      deoxynucleotides were present in this DNA but its nucleotide composition, as
      measured by enzymatic digestion and chromatography, reflected a decreased
      thymidine precursor pool in FdUrd-treated cells. Sedimentation analysis in
      alkaline sucrose gradients revealed that the DNA formed in the presence of FdUrd
      had a sedimentation coefficient of 10 S which corresponded to a single-stranded
      molecular weight of 5.5.105. This DNA could be "chased" into a high molecular
      weight DNA if the FdUrd block was bypassed with added dThd or BrdUrd. Other
      analyses failed to detect RNA covalently linked to the DNA fragments at a level
      of more than 5% RNA or about 90 ribonucleotides. The accumulation of these DNA
      fragments could be explained by assuming that in the presence of limiting
      precursor pool the rate of DNA chain initiation is greater than the rate of chain
      elongation.

PMID- 167845
TI  - A cell-free mammalian protein-synthesizing system stimulated by RNA from avian
      myeloblastosis virus.
AB  - Carcinoma cells, oncornavirus-infected cells and fetal bovine tissue provide salt
      wash ribosomal factors capable of responding to avian myeloblastosis virus (AM
      virus)-RNA and stimulating the incorporation of amino acids into proteins as well
      as catalyzing the binding of N-acetylated (35S) methionyl-tRNA. The exogenously
      dependent amino acid incorporation system is stimulated by the high molecular
      weight species of AM virus-RNA only, particularly the fraction containing
      polyadenylate (poly(A)) residues; the system is also markedly inhibited by the
      low molecular weight AM virus-RNA species. Activity for the exogenous system
      displays very definite divalent/monovalent cation optima and requires the
      presence of mammalian transfer RNA.

PMID- 167846
TI  - The oxidation of tiron by superoxide anion. Kinetics of the reaction in aqueous
      solution in chloroplasts.
AB  - The rate of reaction between superoxide anion (O2) and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5
      disulfonic acid (tiron) was measured with pulse radiolysis-generated O2. A
      kinetic spectrophotometric method utilizing competition between p-benzoquinone
      and tiron for O2 was employed. In this system, the known rate of reduction of p
      benzoquinone was compared with the rate of oxidation of tiron to the semiquinone.
      From the concentration dependence of the rate of tiron oxidation, the absolute
      second order rate constant for the reaction was determined to be 5x10-8 M-minus1
      s-minus1. Ascorbate reduced O2 to hydrogen peroxide with a rate constant of 10-8
      M-minus1-s-minus1 as determined by the same method. The tiron semiquinone may be
      used as an indicator free radical for the formation of superoxide anion in
      biological systems because of the rapid rate of oxidation of the catechol by O2
      compared to the rate of O2 formation is most enzymatic systems. Tiron oxidation
      was used to follow the formation of superoxide anion in swollen chloroplasts. The
      chloroplasts photochemically reduced molecular oxygen which was further reduced
      to hydrogen peroxide by tiron. Tiron oxidation specifically required O2 since O2
      was consumed in the reaction and tiron did not reduce the P700 cation radical or
      other components of Photosystem I under anaerobic conditions.

PMID- 167847
TI  - Electron transport in the membrane of lutoids from the latex of Hevea
      brasiliensis.
AB  - 1. An antimycin-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (E.C. 1.6.99.3)
      activity can be demonstrated in the membrane of lutoids isolated from the latex
      of Hevea brasiliensis. This electron transport system can also use ferricyanide
      as an electron acceptor, but is unable to oxidize NADPH. 2. Two beta-type
      cytochromes are present in the membranes. Cytochrome beta563 is partially reduced
      by NADH and ascorbate, but is not reducible by NADPH. It shows a double peak at
      555 and 561 nm at 77 degrees K. A second cytochrome, cytochrome beta561, seems to
      be reducible by hydrosulfite only. 3. In the reduced state, these cytochromes do
      not combine with CO. The occurrence of cytochrome P-450 could not be
      demonstrated. 4. The role of the NADH oxidation system is considered in relation
      to the biosynthesis of polyisoprene compounds in the latex.

PMID- 167848
TI  - Energy-linked and energy-independent transhydrogenase activities in Escherichia
      coli vesicles.
AB  - Active transport vesicles of Escherichia coli were shown to possess low levels of
      energy-independent and energy-dependent nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase
      activities. Breakage of such vesicles in a French pressure cell resulted in a
      fraction which had an 8-10-fold increased respiration- and ATP-driven
      transhydrogenase activities. Stimulation of the ATPase activity in vesicles with
      Triton X-100 was also paralledled by a 2-fold increase in the energy-independent
      transhydrogenase. Disruption of the vesicles similarly resulted in increases in
      the energy-independent transhydrogenase, NADH and succinate oxidase activities
      but a decrease in succinate supported proline uptake. In the light of these
      findings, the "sidedness' of the vesicle membranes is discussed.

PMID- 167849
TI  - Two electron donation sites for exogenous reductants in chloroplast photosystem
      II.
AB  - Two sites are distinguished for the oxidation of exogenous donors by Photosystem
      II in non-oxygen evolving chloroplasts. In the presence of lipophilic donors
      (e.g. phenylenediamine, benzidine, diphenylcarbazide), the rate for Signal IIf
      rereduction following a flash increases as the concentration of exogenous
      reductant increases. There is a decrease (20-40%) in Signal IIf magnitude
      accompanying donor addition at low (smaller than 10(-%) M) concentrations, but
      the extent of the decrease does not change further with increasing donor
      concentrations. Complementary polarographic experiments monitoring donor
      (phenylenediamine) oxidation show an increase in oxidation rate with increasing
      donor concentration. In the presence of the hydrophilic donor, Mn-2+, the Signal
      IIf decay halftime remains constant with increasing Mn-2+ concentration. However,
      the flash-induced Signal IIf magnitude pregressively decreases with increasing Mn
      2+ concentration. These results are interpreted in terms of two competing paths
      for the reduction of P680+. In one path P680+ reduction is accompanied by the
      appearance of Signal IIf, and lipophilic donors subsequently rereduce the Signal
      IIf species in a series reaction. This reduction follows pseudo-first order
      kinetics as a function of donor concentration. In the second path Mn-2+ reduces
      P680+ in a parallel reaction that competes with the formation of the Signal IIf
      species. This results in a decrease in the magnitude of Signal IIf, but no change
      in its decay time.

PMID- 167850
TI  - Nature of photochemical reactions in chromatophores of Chromatium D. III.
      Heterogeneity of the photosynthetic units.
AB  - The effect of isooctane extraction on photooxidation of c-type cytochromes was
      investigated in Chromatium chromatophores. Photooxidation of cytochrome c-555 was
      not affected by isooctane-extraction was abolished by thorough extraction of
      ubiquinone-7, but the quantum yield of the cytochrome photooxidation remained
      unchanged until 90% of the total ubiquinone was extracted. The photooxidation of
      cytochrome c-552 was recovered by the addition of ubiquinone-7 but not by
      menaquinone. A dark incubation of sufficient length was needed for maximal
      quantum yield of cytochrome c-555 photooxidation in the presence of 30 mM
      ascorbate. It is proposed that there are two types of photosynthetic units (or
      associations of molecules involved in the primary redox reactions) in Chromatium
      chromatophores. The combinations of primary electron donor-reaction center
      chlorophyll-primary electron acceptor may be cytochrome c-552-P890=ubiquinone in
      one type and cytochrome c-555-P890-X in another.

PMID- 167851
TI  - Stereochemistry of the hydrogen transfer to NAD catalyzed by D-galactose
      dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens.
AB  - The stereochemistry of the hydrogen transfer to NAD catalyzed by D-galactose
      dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.48) from P. fluorescens was investigated. The label at
      C-1 of D-[1--3H] galactose was enzymatically transferred to NAD and the resulting
      [4--3H]NADH was isolated and its stereochemistry at C-4 investigated. It was
      found that the label was exclusively located at the 4(S) position in NADH which
      calls for classification as a B-enzyme. This result was confirmed by an alternate
      approach in which [4--3H]NAD was reduced by D-galactose as catalyzed by D
      galactose dehydrogenase. The sterochemistry at C-4 of the nicotinamide ring would
      then have to opposite to that in the first experiment. As expected, the label was
      now exclusively located in the 4(R) position, again confirming the B
      calssification of the enzyme.

PMID- 167852
TI  - Differentiation of fluorides-stimulated and non-fluoride-stimulated components of
      beef brain cortex adenylate cyclase cy calcium ions, ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta
      aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid and Triton X-100.
AB  - Beef brain cortex adenylate cyclase (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing) EC
      4.6.1.1) activity is 84--88% inhibited by 5 - 10(-5) M ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta
      aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid in the absence of F- but only 50--60%
      inhibited by 5 - 10(-5) M ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'
      tetraacetic acid in the presence of F-. In either case, further increase in EGTA
      concentration did not alter the degree of inhibition. The inhibition can be
      completely reversed in both cases by addition of 3 - 10(-5) M Ca2+, (yielding a
      [free Ca2+] of approximately 2 - 10(-6) M) and 5 - 10(-5) M Mn2+ or Co2+ and
      partially by 5 - 10(-5) M Sr2+ but not by addition of 5 - 10(-5) M Ba2+, Zn2+,
      Ni2+ or Fe2+. A [free Ca2+] of 7.2 - 10(-5) M markedly inhibited cyclase activity
      in the presence of F-. Solubilization by 1.8% Triton X-100 resulted in an enzyme
      preparation no longer stimulated by NaF and 100% inhibited by the addition of 5 -
      10(-5) M ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid either
      in the absence or presence of NaF. However, in contrast to ethyleneglycol-bis
      (beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-TETRAACETIC ACID, EDTA had no measurable effect on
      adenylate cyclase either in the presence or absence of NaF and ethyleneglycol-bis
      (beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid did not affect ATPase or
      phosphodiesterase activities. The data is rationalized by the postulation of two
      independent enzyme components in brain cortex: one component is about six-fold
      activated by NaF and the NaF effect is enhanced by low concentrations of Ca2+ and
      Mg2+. A second component is totally Ca2+ dependent and inhibited by high
      concentrations of F-. Mn2+, Co2+ and Sr2+ appear to be in vitro Ca2+ substitutes
      for both enzyme systems. On this basis, Triton X-100 treatment results in about a
      three-fold increase in specific activity of the Ca2+ dependent cyclase component
      but a complete abolition of the NaF stimulated component.

PMID- 167853
TI  - Stereochemistry of the hydrogen transfer to NAD catalyzed by (S)alanine
      dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The stereochemistry of the hydrogen transfer to NAD catalyzed by (S)alanine
      dehydrogenase [ (S)alanine: NAD oxidoreductase (EC 1.4.1.1) ] from B. subtilis
      was investigated. The label at C-2 of (S) [2,3--3H] alanine was enzymatically
      transferred to NAD, and the [4--3H]NADH produced isolated and the stereochemistry
      at C-4 investigated. It was found that the label was exclusively located at the
      (R) position which indicates that (S)alanine dehydrogenase is an A-type enzyme.
      This result was confirmed in an alternate way by reducing enzymatically [4-
      3H]NAD with non labeled (S)alanine and (S)alanine dehydrogenase and investigating
      the stereochemistry of the ]4--3H]NADH produced. As expected, the label was now
      exclusively located at the (S) position. This proves that (S)alanine
      dehydrogenase isolated from B. subtilis should be classified as an A-enzyme with
      regard to the stereochemistry of the hydrogen transfer to NAD.

PMID- 167854
TI  - The intracellular localization of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase in brown adipose
      tissue.
AB  - 1. The acyl-CoA synthetase activity in brown adipose tissue of cold-exposed
      guinea pig has been studied by measuring the rate of palmitoylcarnitine formation
      in the presence of excess carnitine palmitoyltransferase. 2. The rate of
      palmitoylcarnitine formation in the mitochondria was found to be 161 plus or
      minus 64 nmol.mg-minus-1. min-minus-1 (n=9). 3. In the absence of added palmitate
      and bovine serum albumin a total of 35 plus or minus 1 nmol endogenous fatty
      acids.mg-minus-1 were activated with three different mitochondrial preparations.
      4. Three different experimental approaches have been used to study the
      subcellular localization of the enzyme: (a) conventional differential
      centrifugation (De Duve, C., Pressman, B.C., Gianetto, R., Wattiaux, R. and
      Appelmans, F. (1955) Biochem. J. 60, 604-617) (B) the determination of the
      sediterm of different marker enzymes (Slinde, E. and Flatmark. T. (1973) Anal.
      Biochem. 56, 324-340) and (c) the determination of the stoichiometry between the
      activities of these enzymes sedimented at higher centrifugal effects. 5.
      Throughout all fractionation procedures, the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
      follows strictly the amine oxidase generally considered to be exclusively located
      on the mitochondrial outer membrane.

PMID- 167855
TI  - Effects of several common long chain fatty acids on the properties and lipid
      composition of the very low density lipoprotein secreted by the perfused rat
      liver.
AB  - 1. Livers from normal fed male rats were perfused in vitro with a bloodless
      medium which contained intially 3% bovine serum albumin and 100 mg% glucose.
      Albumin alone, or myristate (14 : 0), palmitate (16 : 0), palmitoleate (16 : 1),
      stearate (18 : 0), oleate (18 : 1), or linoleate (18:2) was infused at a constant
      rate (496 mumol/4 h), as a complex with albumin, during the experiment. 2. The
      very low density lipoprotein secreted by the liver after infusion of unsaturated
      fatty acids (16 : 1, 18 :1, 18 : 2) has a faster rate-zonal mobility in the
      ultracentrifuge and is, therefore, probably a larger particle with fewer moles of
      phospholipid and cholesterol relative to triacyglycerol
      (triacyglycerol/phospholipids/cholesterol = 100/25.1/16.4) than the very low
      density lipoproteins produced after infusion of saturated (14 : 0, 16 : 0, 18 :
      0) fatty acids (triacyglycerol/phospholipids/cholesterol = 100/30.1/19.1). The
      molar ratio of phosphoipids/cholesterol of the very low density lipoprotein was
      similar regardless of which fatty acid was infused. The predominant fatty acid of
      the very low density lipoprotein or hepatic triacyglycerol, in all cases, was the
      infused acid. 3. We conclude that free fatty acid regulates the quantity and
      proportions of triacyglycerol, phospholipids, and cholesterol secreted by the
      liver in the very low density lipoprotein, and therefore, may secondarily
      influence concentrations of lipids in the very low density lipoprotein and other
      plasma lipoproteins circulating in vivo.

PMID- 167856
TI  - The effects of hyperlipidemia on lipoprotein metabolism in squirrel monkeys and
      rabbits.
AB  - We studied the metabolism of different classes of lipoprotein in squirrel monkeys
      and rabbits. Lipoproteins were labeled in vivo in donor animals with (3H)leucine
      and (3H)cholesterol. The rate of disappearance from plasma of recipient squirrel
      monkeys of the protein moiety of the very low density lipoproteins was rapid,
      that of high density lipoproteins slow, and the rate for low density lipoproteins
      was intermediate. The fractional turnover of the apoprotein of low density
      lipoproteins was slightly reduced in hyperlipidemic monkeys, but the absolute
      rates of synthesis and catabolism were increased. Hyperdipidemia in rabbits
      resulted in a dramatic reduction in the fractional catabolic rate of low density
      lipoprotein apoprotein. Hyperlipidemia in the donors of biosynthetic low density
      lipoproteins also influenced the rates of catabolism in rabbits. We showed the
      cycloheximide that although there was recycling of (3H)leucine into other
      proteins, the reutilization of leucine from low density lipoproteins for nascent
      low density lipoproteins was not significant. In most tissues the ratio of
      cholesterol:protein radioactivity was much greater than that for plasma 24 h
      after administration of labeled low density lipoproteins, but the ratios for
      aortic intima plus inner media and for plasma low density lipoproteins were
      similar. The presence of atherosclerosis resulted in a large increase in the
      apparent uptake of low density lipoproteins by the aortas of rabbits and monkeys.

PMID- 167857
TI  - Induction of cystathionase in foetal rat liver explants. Effects of
      dexamethasone, N-6, O-2 -dibutyryladenosine 3,5 -monophosphate and glucagon in
      vitro.
AB  - At the 18th day of gestation and thereafter foetal rat liver explants in organ
      culture showed the competence to respond to dexamethasone by increased
      cystathionase activity, whereas the ability to respond to dibutyryl cyclic AMP or
      glucagon became evident at a later developmental stage (during the last 2 days
      prior to term). Simultaneous incubation with cycloheximide inhibited the
      stimulatory effect of these agents on foetal rat liver cystathionase activity in
      vitro. Dexamethasone and glucagon were both capable of increasing liver
      cystathionase activity both in newborn and 3-day-old animals in vivo.

PMID- 167858
TI  - Reduced glucocorticoid responsiveness and receptor concentration in splenic
      leukocytes of senescent rats.
AB  - Glucocorticoids are 63% less effective in inhibiting [5-3-h] uridine uptake by
      splenic leukocytes of senescent rats (24-14 months) than by those of mature adult
      animals (12-14 months). Scatchard analyses reveal 57% fewer specific
      glucocorticoid binding sites in cytosols of the senescent group. Reduced binding
      of cortisol by cytosol macromolecules of intact viable leukocytes at 37 degrees C
      is also apparent in the older rats. Specific binding of glucocorticoids to
      cytoplasmic macromolecules appears to be closely linked, if not required, for
      inhibition of [5-3-hi1 uridine uptake. This is evidenced by the fact that both
      inhibition and specific binding are simultaneously blocked by progesterone
      administration. In addition, the amount of specific binding as well as the degree
      of inhibition of [5-3-h] uridine uptake is concentration dependent up to 2. 10-6
      M cortisol. Thus, decreased glucocorticoid reponsiveness in the cells from
      senescent rats appears to be due primarily to decreased concentrations of
      specific glucocorticoid receptors.

PMID- 167859
TI  - Modifying actions of calcium ionophores on insulin release.
AB  - Beta-Cell-rich pancreatic islets were microdissected from noninbred ob/obmice and
      exposed to the calcium ionophores X-537A and A-23187. X-537A differed from A
      23187 in being a potent insulin secretagogue at non-stimulating glucose
      concentrations. Both ionophores inhibited the stimulation of insulin release
      obtained after adding 20 mM glucose to the incubation medium. The latter
      observation is consistent with the idea of a reduced beta-cell function when the
      Ca-2+ in the functionally important intracellular pool (s) exceeds a certain
      concentration. The ionophore inhibition of the glucose-stimulated insulin release
      may at least in part result from decreased formation of cyclic AMP, since X-537A
      proved to be as effective as L-epinephrine in reducing the islet content of this
      nucleotide in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The secretagogic
      action of X-537A at a low glucose concentration persisted when different ions
      were omitted from the incubation medium and was actually considerably enhanced in
      the absence of extracellular Ca-2+. The insulin-releasing action of X-537A was
      neither influenced by 3-O-methyglucose nor by drugs blocking the alpha or beta
      adrenergic receptor sites. Exposure of the pancreatic beta-cells to metabolic
      inhibitors in concentrations which significantly reduced the secretory response
      to glucose, potentiated stimulation of insulin release by X-537A, suggesting that
      this effect may in part be accounted for by intracellular dissolution of
      secretory granules.

PMID- 167860
TI  - Inhibitory effect of cortisone acetate on the stimulation of rat liver cytosol L
      serrine. Pyruvate aminotransferase by dibutyryl adenosine 3,5-monophosphate.
AB  - An injection of cortisone acetate at a dose of 5 mg/100 g body weight concomitant
      with dibutyryl cyclic AMP prevents the increase in the activity of rat liver
      cytosol serine aminotransferase (L-serine:pyruvate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.51)
      elicited by the nucleotide with a lag of about 2 h. If the glucocorticoid is
      given 2 h prior to the nucleotide inducer, the lag disappears. The inhibitory
      effect of cortisone acetate gradually decays and is no longer detectable 12 h
      following its administration. Theophylline, insulin and glucose at doses which
      affect significantly the level of tyrosine aminotransferase, have not effect on
      the level of serine aminotransferase and on the cortisone inhibition. The
      inhibitory effect of the glucocorticoid on the dibutyryl cyclic AMP-mediated
      increase in serin aminotransferase diminishes with the age of animall. Increases
      in the enzyme activity by a single dose of glucagon can also be inhibited by
      cortisone acetate and actinomycin D as in the case with dibutyryl cyclic AMP as
      an inducer. The possibility of the existence of a specific inhibitory factor
      which is formed in response to cortisone acetate is discussed.

PMID- 167861
TI  - On the location of the sulfhydryl group in bovine plasma albumin.
AB  - A series of spin labels has been empolyed to explore the environment of the
      sulfhydryl group in bovine plasma albumin. The spin labels consist of the
      nitroxide-free radical and a maleimide (or iodoacetamide)-attaching group
      separated by varying chain lenghths. Both sets of spin labels preferentially bind
      to the sulfhydryl group under appropriate conditions. From the change in the
      electron spin resonance spectra of these nitroxides as a function of chain
      length, we conclude that the sulfhydryl group is located in a crevice approx. 9.5
      A in depth.

PMID- 167862
TI  - The application of collagenase, purified by affintiy chromatography, to the
      isolation of insoluble elastin from bovine aorta.
AB  - Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (clostridiopeptidase A, EC 3.4.4.16),
      purified by affinity chromatography, was applied to the isolation of insoluble
      elastin from bovine aorta. The extremely low level of N-terminal residues (1.6
      mol per 10(6) g of protein) present in this preparation indicated the almost
      complete lack of hydrolytic damage caused by the isolation procedure. The amino
      acid profile of the aortic elastin was found to be almost identical to that of
      insoluble elastin prepared from bovine ligamentum nuchae by the same method.

PMID- 167863
TI  - Nitrogenase. VIII. Mossbauer and EPR spectroscopy. The MoFe protein component
      from Azotobacter vinelandii OP.
AB  - We have studied the molybdenum-iron protein (MoFe protein, also known as
      component I) from Azobacter vinelandi using Mossbauer spectroscopy and electron
      paramagnetic resonance on samples enriched with 57Fe. These spectra can be
      interpreted in terms of two EPR active centers, each of which is reducible by one
      electron. A total of four different chemical environments of Fe can be discerned.
      One of them is a cluster of Fe atoms with a net electronic spin of 3/2, one of
      them is high-spin ferrous iron and the remaining two are iron in a reduced state
      (probably in clusters). The results are as follows: Chemical analysis yields 11.5
      Fe atoms and 12.5 labile sulfur atoms per molybdenum atom; the molecule contains
      two Mo atoms per 300 000 daltons. The EPR spectrum of the MoFe protein exhibits g
      values at 4.32, 3.65 and 2.01, associated with the ground state doublet of a S =
      3/2 spin system. The spin Hamiltonian H = D(S2/z minus 5/4 + lambda(S2/x minus
      S2/y)) + gbeta/o S-H fits the experimental data for go = 2.00 and lambda = 0.055.
      Quantitative analysis of the temperature dependence of the EPR spectrum yields
      D/k = 7.5 degrees K and 0.91 spins/molybdenum atom, which suggests that the MoFe
      protein has two EPR active centers. Quantitative evaluation of Mossbauer spectra
      shows that approximately 8 iron atoms give rise to one quadrupole doublet; at
      lower temperatures magnetic spectra, associated with the groud electronic
      doublet, are observed; at least two magnetically inequivalent sites can be
      distinguished. Taken together the data suggest that each EPR center contains 4
      iron atoms. The EPR and Mossbauer data can only be reconciled if these iron atoms
      reside in a spin-coupled (S = 3/2) cluster. Under nitrogen fixing conditions the
      magnetic Mossbauer spectra disappeared concurrently with the EPR signal and
      quadrupole doublets are obserced at all temperatures. The data suggest that each
      EPR active center is reduced by one electron. The Mossbauer investigation reveals
      three other spectral components characteristic of iron nuclei in an environment
      of integer or zero electronic spin, i.e. they reside in complexes which are "EPR
      silent". One of the components (3-4 iron atoms) has Mossbauer parameters
      characteristic of the high-spin ferrous iron as in reduced ruberdoxin. However,
      measurements in strong fields indicate a diamagnetic environment. Another
      component, representing 9-11 iron atoms, seems to be diamagnetic also. It is
      suggested that these atoms are incorporated in spin-coupled clusters.

PMID- 167864
TI  - A critical evaluation of the proposal that serum apolipoproteins are the major
      constituents of the human erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - 1. The EDTA and Triton X-100 extracts of human erythrocyte ghosts gave no
      precipitin lines in double diffusion analyses with antibodies to either
      lipoprotein A, lipoprotein B, lipoprotein C, lipoprotein D, Lp(a) lipoprotein or
      arginine-rich apolipoprotein of normal human serum (for nomenclature for serum
      lipoprotein families and apolipoptoteins, see Alaupovic, P., Kostner, G., Lee, D.
      M., McConathy, W.J. and Magnani, HN. (1972) Expo. Annu. Biochem. Med. 31, 145-160
      and Alaupovic, P., Lee, D.M. and McConathy, W.J., (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      260, 689-707.) These membrane preparations also reacted negatively with
      commercially available antisera to alpha- and beta-lipoproteins. 2. The normal
      serum very low density, low density and high density lipoproteins formed no
      precipitin lines with antibodies to either intact or EDTA-extracted ghosts. 3.
      The serum apolipoproteins and their constitutive polypeptides (A-I, A-II, B, C-I,
      C-II, C-III, D and arginine-rich apolipoprotein) reacted negatively with
      antibodies to intact or EDTA-extracted ghosts. The EDTA and Triton X-100 extracts
      of erythrocyte ghosts gave no reaction with monospecific antibodies to serum
      apolipoproteins and their constitutive polypeptides. 4. Ghosts dissolved 2%
      sodium dodecyl sulfate gave positive immunoprecipitin lines with antisera to
      alpha- and beta-lipoproteins. However, the sodium dodecyl sulfate solution in
      concentrations greater than 0.1% also formed precipitin lines with antisera to
      the same lipoproteins. 5. These results do not support the suggestion (Langdon,
      R.G. (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 342, 213-228) that serum apolipoptoteins are
      integral protein constituents of human erythrocyte ghosts. The immunoprecipitin
      lines observed in the latter study might have been due to the presence of trace
      amounts of serum lipoproteins loosely attached to the cellular surfaces or, more
      probably, resulted from nonspecific interactions between the proteins and the
      sodium dodecyl sulfate used as the solubilizing agent

PMID- 167866
TI  - The cell surface and fibroblast proliferation some current research trends.

PMID- 167865
TI  - Regulation of allosteric membrane-bound enzymes through changes in membrane lipid
      compostition.

PMID- 167867
TI  - [Photochemical generation of the cation-radical of bacteriochlorophyll b and the
      anion-radical of bacteriochlorophyll b and bacteriopheophytin b, components of
      the photosynthesizing bacteria Rhodopseudomonas viridis].
AB  - The mechanism of photochemical redox reaction of bacteriochlorophyll b,
      bacteriopheophitin b was studied. The oxidation of bacteriochlorophyll b was
      carried out in ethanole by means of p-benzoquinone. In ESR spectra the singlet
      line with delta H = 8.4 gs and g = 2.0025 corresponded to cation-radical. The
      changes within the region of 400-500 nm, 500-600 nm and the band with the maximum
      at 685 nm corresponded to cation-radical in the absorption spectra.
      Photoreduction of bacteriochlorophyll b and bacteriopheophitin b was carried out
      in triet containing phenilhydrosin. Anion-radicals of bacteriochlorophyll b and
      bacteriopheophitin b observed in the ESR spectra had singlet form with weak and
      superthin structure and correspondently with delta H = 10 gs, delta H = 12 gs.
      The spectrophotometric characteristics of the above pigments were obtained.

PMID- 167870
TI  - [Oscillator generator in the lower portion of the glycolytic system].
AB  - A mathematical model explaining the mechanism of autooscillation generation in
      the lower part of the glycolytic system is suggested. The model is based on
      substrate inhibition of glyceraldehydephosphatedehydrigenase (GAPDH) with
      glyceraldehydephosphate (GAP). Pyrimidinenucleotides (NADplus and NADH) are shown
      not to play an important role in the given oscillation mechanism and can not be
      considered to simplify the model.

PMID- 167869
TI  - [Reduction paths of reaction centers of photosystem I of photosynthesis].
AB  - The behaviour of ESR signal I in blue-green algae and chloroplasts is considered
      under various illumination and with various previous treatment. It is shown that
      the main process determining the kinetics of P700 plus reduction is the reaction
      with reduced components of the electron transfer chain between the two
      photosystems. If the accumulation of the products is inhibited by any way, then
      the reduction rate depends on the reactions with reducing agents in the
      incubation medium accumulated under irradiation before experiment. These exogenic
      reducing agents may be removed from the chloroplasts with repeated washings, and
      from algae-by means of the dark incubation for a long time. The relation of
      cyclic and noncyclic electron transfer is considered with and without artificial
      cyclic flow mediator.

PMID- 167868
TI  - [IR-spectroscopic study of cytochrome C-phospholipid lipoprotein and proteolipid
      model membranes].
AB  - It is shown by the methods of IR-spectroscopy and peptide hydrogen-deuterium
      exchange that a) considerable changes in the protein spectra occur (beta
      conformation in the protein structure appears) during the interaction in water of
      cytochrome c molecules with lipid membranes containing negatively charged polar
      groups; b) further significant changes of the protein spectrum occur under the
      action of 1% OsO4 and heating up to n plus 95 degrees C; c) the conformational
      state of the pure protein in water; after the treatments of the proteolipid
      memebranes with 1% OsO4 and heating up to n degrees C no significant changes of
      protein spectrum occur, that may suggest hydrophobic interactions between the
      protein and lipids; d) the treatment of both pure cytichrome c and the model
      membranes with 1% glutaraldehyde, 30, 60% ethanol and acetone solutions in water
      does not reveal substantial changes in IR-spectra of the protein moiety.

PMID- 167871
TI  - Presence of the methylester of 5-carboxymethyl uridine in the wobble position of
      the anticodon of tRNAIII Arg from brewer's yeast.
AB  - The methylester of 5-carboxymethyluridine (mcm5U), its degradation product 5
      carboxymethyluridine (cm5U) and the corresponding nucleotide (cm5Up) were
      isolated from brewer's yeast tRNAIII Arg or from the dodecanucleotide containing
      the anticodon. Their chromatographic and electrophoretic properties and their UV
      absorbing spectra were identical to that of the corresponding synthetic
      compounds. The gas chromatographic behavior and the mass spectrum of mcm5U
      obtained from tRNAIII Arg and of a synthetic sample were also identical ; the
      rare occurence of a thermal reciprocal bimolecular methyl-hydrogen transfer in
      the mass spectrometer ion source was observed. A mild alkaline treatment of
      tRNAIII Arg leads to the saponification of mcm5U into cm5U (within the tRNA),
      which can be again esterified in the presence of a yeast homogenate and (methyl
      14C) S adenosylmethionine. The radioactivity was found in the mcm5U located in
      the wobble position of the anticodon of tRNAIII Arg. The presence of this odd
      nucleotide in that position could possibly restrict the codon-anticodon
      interaction of tRNAIII Arg.

PMID- 167872
TI  - The mechanism of ferrocytochrome C oxidation by a horseradish isoperoxidase.
AB  - The oxidation of ferrocytochrome c catalysed by highly purified horse-radish
      isoperoxidase P2 was studied kinetically. To take into account the low turnover
      number of the enzyme and the tendency to autocatalytic oxidation of
      ferrocytochrome c, experimental conditions were used which prevented us from
      using the steady-state treatment. According to kinetic results reported by
      several authors, a kinetic scheme involving a ternary complex between the enzyme
      and the substrates was postulated and simulated on a hybrid computer. By assuming
      that the interaction of peroxidase with hydrogen peroxide is much faster than the
      interaction with ferrocytochrome c, one can verify that this scheme explains the
      fact that initial velocity does not vary in relation to the hydrogen peroxide
      concentration and that a sudden change of slope occurs in the kinetic curve for
      an initial hydrogen peroxide/ferrocytochrome c ratio lower than 0.5.

PMID- 167873
TI  - On the control of septation in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Mutants of E. coli defective in cell septation (ftsA to ftsG, conditional
      thermosensitive mutants isolated by Ricard and Hirota) were studied with respect
      to their membrane protein composition, murein hydrolase activities and rates of
      synthesis of murein and phospholipids. Three classes of mutants have been
      distinguished: 1) those affected in both murein and phospholipid synthesis; 2)
      those affected in either murein or phospholipid synthesis and 3) those affected
      in neither of these parameters. Overall murein hydrolase activities, after
      activation, is of the same order in all the mutants screened. In addition to
      soluble products of murein splitting, we have found insoluble products that
      appear to be in dynamic equilibrium with the murein of the sacculus. Endogenous
      levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate measured after blocking septation
      showed no variation. This suggests that the cyclic nucleotide is not involved in
      the metabolic control of septation.

PMID- 167874
TI  - Effects of microtubule inhibitors and cytochalasin B on thyroid metabolism in
      vitro.
AB  - Mitotic spindle inhibitors (colchicine, vinblastine, vincristine, 020, ethanol)
      and cytochalasin B inhibit the phagocytosis of colloid by thyroid cells and the
      secretion of thyroid hormones. This inhibition has been linked to interferences
      with the microtubular microfilament system of the follicular cell. In order to
      test the possibility of using such inhibitors to selectively block secretion, the
      action of suppressing or highly inhibitory concentrations on other metabolic
      parameters has been studied on dog thyroid slices in vitro: glucose oxidation,
      lactate formation, iodide binding to protein, cyclic 3'5' AMP accumulation. It is
      shown that at a concentration of 10 mM colchicine is entirely non specific as it
      greatly inhibits all facets of metabolism and all the stimulatory effects of
      cyclic 3'5' AMP and thyrotropin. The other mictrotubule inhibitors, although
      affecting thyroid metabolism in various ways were more specified. The enhancement
      by vineblastine of glucose oxidation ald iodine binding to proteins suggests an
      activation of they thyroid H2O2 generating system. D2O on the other hand
      selectively inhibits secretion and the binding of iodide to proteins.
      Cytochalasin B, presumably by inhibiting hexose transport, decreased glycolysis
      and the uptake of iodide. However this effect cannot account for the complete
      inhibition of thyroid secretion.

PMID- 167875
TI  - [The effect of SH group inhibitors on phosphate transport in Chlorella
      pyrenoidosa].
AB  - The effect of Sulphydryl reagents have been investigated. pCMB inhibits the
      transport of phosphate in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. This inhibition is immediate and
      does not change as a function of time of incubation. This inhibition affects non
      starved and starved cells (phosphate omitted). pCMPS and Mersalyl act in the same
      manner as pCMB. When these compounds are used at low concentrations, inhibition
      of phosphate uptake is observed only in starved cells. The substrate (phosphate)
      cannot provide protection against this inhibition. NEM inhibits phosphate uptake
      and this inhibition increases as a function of time of incubation. When the time
      of incubation is very short (about 15 seconds) the effects seems to be
      superficial and NEM reacts with SH groups involved in the transport system. When
      phosphate is present (for 15 seconds of incubation with NEM) the inhibition is
      less important than when phosphate is omitted. The substrate protects against
      NEM, but this protection disappears as the incubation with NEM is prolonged. NEM
      inhibits phosphate uptake in non starved and starved cells, however, it is
      observed that the inhibition is less important in starved cells than in non
      starved cells. The authors conclude that two kinds of SH groups might exist in
      the phosphate transport system, one reacting with pCMB and the other with NEM.

PMID- 167876
TI  - [Applications of electron paramagnetic resonance to the study of biological
      molecules].
AB  - In a first part, an elementary theoretical introduction to ESR is given. In a
      second part, selected examples illustrate the possibilities of this method.
      Studies of hemoproteins, flavoproteins, model complexes and phospholipid systems
      are described. This review is made for biochemists who have no experience in ESR.

PMID- 167877
TI  - Electron spin resonance study of melanin treated with reducing agents.
AB  - The electron spin resonances (ESR) of several native and modified melanins have
      been determined. Melanins isolated from black wool and synthesized from 3,4
      dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) and tyrosine all show similar ESR signals.
      Modification of the isolated melanins by treatment with reducing agents causes
      some lightening in color and slight changes in the ESR spectra. Lithium and
      liquid ammonia (Birch) reduction applied to melanins from wool and L-DOPA gave
      very different results, as reflected by ESR spectra, but in both cases the
      changes were much greater than those produced by other treatments. In general,
      reductive treatments in nonaqueous media in the presence of metals increase the
      free radical content and line width, whereas treatment in aqueous media resulted
      in decreased free radical content. These observations are consistent with a
      melanin pigment which is an irregular polymer and has unpaired electrons
      localized on different but similar monomer units.

PMID- 167878
TI  - Iontophoresis of cyclic AMP.
AB  - The design, calibration, and operation of a source of controlled amounts of
      cyclic AMP (c-AMP) are described. Typically, 1.5 s pulses containing 10(10)-10(
      12) molecules of c-AMP can be delivered to a region about 10 mum in diameter on
      an agar plate. The resulting concentration profiles are given as functions of
      distance and time. The diffusion coefficient of c-AMP in agar was measured to be
      0.97 times 10(-5) cm2-s-1 at 21 degrees C.

PMID- 167879
TI  - Stimulation of late interphase Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae with an external
      cyclic AMP signal.
AB  - The microelectrode system described in the accompanying paper was used to
      investigate properties of fields of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae in late
      interphase. Cells in the fields were competent to respond chemotactically to, and
      to relay, a c-AMP signal, but not to produce an aggregative signal autonomously.
      The experimental results are generally consistent with c-AMP being the sole
      compound required for chemotaxis and signal relaying. A periodic signal from the
      microelectrode can initiate and control aggregation and can complete with
      spontaneously arising aggregates. The electrode was used to measure the
      refractory period for relaying which decreases from 9 min or more to between 2
      and 3 min with increasing developmental age, and to measure thresholds for
      chemotaxis and signal relaying. The results are discussed in relation to models
      for the control of aggregation in D. discoideum.

PMID- 167880
TI  - The effects of protein deprivation on cell-mediated immunity.
AB  - The effect of protein insufficiency on immune responsiveness was investigated in
      inbred mice fed isocaloric diets low and normal in protein. Mice were tested for
      aberrations of cell-mediated and humoral immunities. Protein insufficiency
      enhances cell-mediated immunity while depressing or not affecting humoral
      immunity. Cell-mediated immunity was enhanced in testing: allogeneic skin graft
      rejection, spleen cell responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, the graft-vs-host
      reaction, macrophage function, and resistance to viral and bacterial infections.

PMID- 167882
TI  - Reconstitution of T-cell disorders following thymus transplantation.

PMID- 167881
TI  - Immune deficiency in congenital rubella and other viral infections.
AB  - No immunologic explanation has been found for the chronicity commonly observed in
      congenital viral infections. In the presence of a humoral immune response, there
      is continued viral excretion--in rubella for many months, and in the herpes
      viruses perhaps for life. Infection with rubella early in utero has a profound
      effect on the developing immune system. Defects observed are: complete immune
      paralysis, PHA unresponsiveness, immunoglobulin abnormalities, and loss of
      antibody to rubella. These defects are transient; absence of IgA may be
      permanent. No such defects have been observed in other congenital viral
      infections, but precocious development of immune globulin levels and germinal
      follicles occurs.

PMID- 167883
TI  - Models, mustelids, and man.

PMID- 167884
TI  - Leukocyte movement: experimental and clinical status. A current perspective.

PMID- 167885
TI  - The pituitary dwarf mouse: a model for study of endocrine immunodeficiency
      disease.
AB  - Pituitary dwarf mutants of the Snell-Bagg and Ames mouse strains develop severe
      immunodeficiency of the thymus-dependent system which frequently leads to a fatal
      wasting syndrome. This immunodeficiency is a consequence of defective pituitary
      influences which will cause 1) an inadequate production of immunocompetent cells
      due to a central developmental defect primarily affecting the thymus and 2) the
      inability of immunocompetent cells to undergo a rapid and efficient antigen
      induced proliferation and differentiation into antibody-forming cells. The
      relevance of the dwarf mouse model to a possible association between human
      immunodeficiency and endocrine disease is briefly discussed.

PMID- 167887
TI  - Phagocytosis and cyclic nucleotides.

PMID- 167886
TI  - The mechanism of bacterial killing by normal and chronic granulomatous disease
      leukocytes.

PMID- 167888
TI  - The effects of ATP on platelets: evidence against the central role of released
      ADP in primary aggregation.
AB  - The influence of freshly purified ATP on the effects of aggregating agents on
      human platelets was studied. ATP inhibited aggregation induced by ADP
      competitively (Ki = 20 muM) and immediately without need for prior incubation.
      ATP had no effect on primary aggregation induced by adrenaline, thrombin,
      vasopressin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT). ATP inhibited the shape change and the
      consumption of metabolic ATP induced by ADP but did not inhibit these effects
      when induced by thrombin, vasopressin, or 5HT. ATP counteracted the inhibition by
      ADP of PGE1-stimulated cyclic AMP production in platelets but did not reduce
      inhibition by adrenaline. It is concluded that adrenaline, thrombin, 5HT, and
      vasopressin each can induce primary aggregation of human platelets by a mechanism
      independent of extracellular ADP.

PMID- 167889
TI  - A survey of intestinal parasitism in a community on the Pan American Highway
      route in eastern Panama.
AB  - A survey of intestinal parasitism was conducted at Yaviza, a town in eastern
      Panama's Province of Darien. Single stool specimens from 202 persons,
      representing 11 percent of the town's total population, were examined. In all,
      181 (90 per cent) of the specimens examined were found positive for one or more
      potentially pathogenic parasites. The most common parasite found was Trichuris
      trichiura, which was observed in 80 per cent of the samples. Others were Ascaris
      lumbricoides, in 62 per cent of the samples; hookworm, in 41 per cent; Entamoeba
      histolytica, in 16 per cent; Stronhyloides stercoralis, in 7 per cent; Giardia
      lamblia, in 5 per cent; and Hymenolepis diminuta, in 0.5 per cent. The aim of the
      survey was to gather baseline data on parasite prevalence before the Pan American
      Highway passes through this area. Construction of the highway is producing marked
      environmental change. in eastern Panama, and it is anticipated that the date from
      the survey will prove useful in later efforts to assess the health impact of that
      change.

PMID- 167890
TI  - Smallpox eradication in the Americas.

PMID- 167891
TI  - Proceedings: Changes in respiratory pattern accompanying sleep in cats.

PMID- 167892
TI  - Investigation of the vasodilator and antisecretory role of prostaglandins in the
      rat gastric mucosa by use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - 1 The effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastric acid secretion
      and mucosal blood flow were studied in the rat. 2 Indomethacin, in ulcerogenic
      doses, caused a dose-dependent rise in pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion,
      but decreased mucosal blood flow per unit acid secretion. 3 During resting
      conditions, indomethacin had no significant effect on acid output, but reduced
      mucosal blood flow. 4 Pretreatment with indomethacin, phenylbutazone or
      meclofenamate potentiated the secretory response to dibutyryl cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate. 5 Indomethacin markedly reduced the mucosal prostaglandin
      like activity at a time when mucosal erosion formation had reached steady levels.
      6 These results provide evidence that prostaglandins have a local role in the
      regulation of blood flow and acid secretion in the rat gastric mucosa, and
      suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause mucosal erosions by
      disrupting these processes.

PMID- 167893
TI  - The effect of reserpine on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical function in the
      rat.
AB  - 1. The effect of reserpine on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) function
      in the rat was investigated by the use of direct and indirect indices of
      pituitary adrenocorticotrophic activity. 2. Administration of a single dose of
      the drug induced prolonged hypersecretion of corticotrophin (ACTH). 3.
      Corticotrophin release in response to the drug no longer occurred after repeated
      daily injections, indicating that some form of 'adaptation' occurred. 4. The
      increase in HPA activity normally caused by exposure to cold was prevented by
      reserpine once 'adaptation' to the drug had been produced. 5. Inhibition of
      stress-induced ACTH release was due neither to depletion of pituitary stores of
      the hormone, nor to a corticosteroid feedback effect.

PMID- 167894
TI  - The effects of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate on transmission
      at the rat and frog neuromuscular junctions.
AB  - 1 The effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
      were investigated on evoked end-plate potentials (e.p.ps) and on miniature end
      plate potentials (min. e.p.ps) recorded from muscle fibres of the rat diaphragm
      and the frog sartorius.2 ATP and ADP decreased the quantum content of the e.p.ps
      and the frequency of the min. e.p.ps. The maximum effects produced by the two
      substances were similar.3 The potency of ATP was found to be similar to that of
      adenosine. In the presence of adenosine, in a concentration producing its maximum
      effect, the addition of ATP had no further effect. This is compatible with the
      idea that ATP acts in the same way as adenosine.

PMID- 167895
TI  - Proceedings: Variations in cGMP and cAMP levels in rat uterine smooth muscle
      induced by carbachol, PGF2alpha and changes in ionic composition.

PMID- 167896
TI  - Proceedings: Cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate in cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 167898
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on the stimulation of
      cerebral cyclic AMP formation by biogenic amines in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 167897
TI  - Proceedings: Cyclic AMP in developing chick brain: changes with ischaemia and
      catecholamine administration.

PMID- 167899
TI  - Hepatic resection.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-five hepatic resections were done in the University
      Surgical Unit at the Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, from 1964 to 1974 for
      conditions varying from primary hepatoma and recurrent pyogenic cholangitis to
      spontaneous rupture of the liver due to a bleeding haemangioma. The overall
      mortality was 17.6 per cent. A case was classed as an operative death unless the
      patient was discharged from hospital. There has been long term survival after
      resection for primary carcinoma of the liver and no mortality when resection was
      carried out for benign conditions.

PMID- 167900
TI  - Effect of surgical trauma on plasma concentrations of cyclic AMP and cortisol.
AB  - The response of plasma cortisol and cyclic AMP concentrations to surgical trauma
      was examined in 7 general surgical patients. Five patients made uncomplicated
      recoveries and showed peak cortisol levels at 6 hours postoperatively, returning
      to normal by 24 hours. On patient developed postoperative pneumonia and the
      plasma cortisol remained elevated up to 48 hours, and the final patient showed no
      cortisol response at all. The plasma cyclic AMP concentrations showed a
      consistent rise during the operation itself, which was statistically significant
      when compared with preoperative levels (P  less than 0.0125). Concentrations had
      fallen to normal by 6 hours in all the cases, except in the patient who developed
      pneumonia, where the plasma cyclic AMP also showed a prolonged elevation. The
      significance of these findings requires further elucidation, but the temporal
      relationship of the cyclic AMP and cortisol peaks would support the hypothesis
      that cyclic AMP may play a part in the mediation of ACTH release following
      surgical trauma.

PMID- 167902
TI  - Medicolegal. Rates and disablement.

PMID- 167901
TI  - Vitamin D-resistant rickets and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.

PMID- 167903
TI  - Plasma corticotrophin levels in addison-schilder's disease.
AB  - Raised plasma immunoreactive corticotrophin (ACTH) levels were found in five boys
      with the sex-linked disorder progressive leucodystrophy associated with adrenal
      insufficiency (Addison-Schilder's disease) and in a symptom-free brother of one
      of them. Similar ACTH concentrations were found using two antisera, one against
      the N-terminal part of the ACTH molecule and the other against the C-terminal
      part. In one patient the circulating ACTH had normal biological activity as
      measured using the cytochemical ACTH bioassay. Immunoreactive beta/-melanocyte
      stimulating hormone was also determined in one patient and found to be raised.

PMID- 167904
TI  - A leukovirus isolated from cells obtained from leukemic calf lymph nodes.

PMID- 167905
TI  - Biochemical studies on myelin isolated from the brains of patients with Down's
      syndrome.
AB  - Amyelination has been deduced from the data on chemical studies of myelin
      isolated from the brains of Down's syndrome. The lack of cholesterol and much
      reduced phosphohydrolase activity in mongol myelin possibly suggest a fault in
      the structure of myelin.

PMID- 167907
TI  - [Generic characteristics and specific characteristics of the ponto-geniculo
      occipital spike activity (PGO) in 2 baboons, Papio hamadryas and Papio papio].

PMID- 167906
TI  - Raphe origin of serotonergic nerves terminating in the cerebral ventricles.
AB  - The dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the midbrain are known to contain the
      perikarya of origin of the major serotonergic (indoleamine) neurons projecting to
      the parenchyma of the forebrain. Lesions were placed in these nuclei to determine
      whether serotonin-containing nerve terminals in the cerebral ventricular system
      are also derived from the raphe nuclei. Brain tissue from control rats and rats 2
      7 days after placement of raphe lesions was examined by fluorescence and electron
      microscopy. By the third day after lesion there was a marked reduction in the
      formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of supra-ependymal terminals. By the same time
      virtually all supra-ependymal terminals showed advanced degenerative changes as
      visualized by electron microscopy. There was a degeneration of supra-ependymal
      terminals in all parts of the cerebral ventricular system examined, including the
      epithalamic region (e.g., habenula and pineal recess; serotonin-containing
      terminals in the latter areas had previously been thought to arise from modified
      pinealocytes in the pineal recess). We conclude that most, if not all, supra
      ependymal nerve terminals are derived from serotonergic cells of origin in the
      raphe nuclei.

PMID- 167908
TI  - Nervous system antigen-2 (NS-2), an antigenic cell surface component expressed on
      a murine glioblastoma.

PMID- 167909
TI  - Long-lasting facilitation of a synaptic potential following tetanization in the
      in vitro hippocampal slice.
AB  - Field potentials evoked by stimulation of afferent fibers in stratum radiatum
      were recorded in the CA1 region of the hippocampal slice maintained in vitro.
      Stimulation rates of 3-50/sec produced a large increase in amplitude of the
      population spike in CA1. This increase was maintained for several hours after the
      tetanization. The facilitation phenomenon appeared to be specific to the synapse
      of stratum radiatum afferents onto CA1 pyramidal cells since: (1) stimulation
      outside the radiatum layer did not produce the effect, (2) antidromic field
      potentials recorded in CA3 were unchanged, (3) EPSP threshold in CA1 was
      unchanged, and (4) alveus tetanization did not produce a facilitatory effect.

PMID- 167910
TI  - Dark field illumination of material stained for neurosecretion.

PMID- 167911
TI  - Subcellular analysis of the accumulation of estrogen by the brain of male and
      female rats.
AB  - Three experiments were preformed to provide additional information on the
      interaction of estrogen with subcellular components of the brain of male and
      female rats. In experiment 1 tritiated estradiol was administered to adult
      gonadectomized male and female rats which were then sacrificed 15,60 or 120 min
      later. Hypothalamic, cortical and pituitary samples were taken and were separated
      into nuclear and cytosol fractions. For the hypothalamic tissue from females
      nuclear concentration of radioactivity increased throughout the 2 h period while
      for males nuclear concentration rose during the first h and then declined. There
      was a significant sex difference in hypothalamic nuclear concentration of
      estrogen, male levels being lower. For both sexes cytosol levels progressively
      declined. For cortical tissue, nuclear radioactivity levels were low and
      relatively constant for both sexes, while cytosol levels fell during the 2 h
      period. Pituitary tissue showed a pattern in both nuclear and cytosol fractions
      which resembled the hypothalamic pattern although absolute levels were higher in
      the nuclear fraction. In experiment 2 male and female rats were administered
      labeled and unlabeled estradiol concurrently and were sacrificed 60 and 120 min
      later. Radioactivity levels were reduced in hypothalamic and pituitarynuclei, but
      not in cortical nuclei in comparison with animals not administered unlabeled
      hormone. In experiment 3 males and females were administered tritiated estradiol
      and were sacrificed 2 h later. The brain of each animal was split longitudinally.
      One half of each hypothalamic and cortical sample was subjected to nuclear
      separation while the other half was digested in tissue solubilizer before
      radioactivity counting. The former procedure showed a substantially greater
      nuclear concentration of radioactivity for hypothalamic tissue from females than
      from males. The whole tissue analysis showed only a slight sex difference for
      hypothalamic tissue. Sex differences were small by either procedure for cortical
      tissue. It was concluded that the hypothalamus of both male and female rats
      contains a limited capacit nuclear binding system for estrogen, but that the
      system is quantitatively less effective in binding estrogen in males.

PMID- 167912
TI  - Midbrain raphe neurons: sensitivity to glucocorticoids and ACTH in the rat.

PMID- 167913
TI  - Physiological and pharmacological evidence for a serotonergic projection to the
      hippocampus.
AB  - Rat hippocampal pyramidal cells were studied for their response to serotonin
      applied iontophoretically and to stimulation of the midbrain raphe nuclei. Ninety
      two percent of the cells studied were inhibited by serotonin. Fourty-eight
      percent of the cells responded by inhibition to dorsal and median raphe
      stimulation. The inhibitory response to raphe stimulation was absent when the
      rats were pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a serotonin synthesis
      inhibitor; PCPA effects were alleviated by 5-HTP or 5-HT administration. The
      response to raphe stimulation was blocked by emthysergide and cyproheptadine. The
      responses to raphe stimulation were potentiated by chlorimipramine, a serotonin
      reuptake blocker. These data satisfy several of the criteria required to identify
      serotonin as the inhibitory neurotransmitter for the raphe-hippocampal pathway

PMID- 167914
TI  - Denervation in the primary olfactory pathway of mice. II. Effects on carnosine
      and other amine compounds.
AB  - Carnosine (beta-alanyl-histidine) is present in the olfactory bulb and olfactory
      eqithelium of mice and rats at 1-2 nmole/mg tissue. Peripheral deafferentation or
      central denervation causes a rapid, selective decrease of this depeptide from the
      reciprocal portion of the primary olfactory pathway. These data demonstrate the
      localization of carnosine within the primary olfactory chemoreceptor neurons and
      suggest a possible role for this compound in neural transmission.

PMID- 167915
TI  - A possible non-oncogenic effect of C type bone cell virus on serum calcium levels
      of potentially leukemic mice.
AB  - In bone of C3H/Fg mice, particles structurally identical to C-type leukemia virus
      arise from membranes of osteocytes and osteoblasts. Although these virus
      apparently do not induce morphologic or neoplastic change in bone they may have
      other, more subtle, effects. Thus, comparison of sera from male C3H/Fg mice, a
      high leukemia-prone strain, with C57BL and C3H/HeJ mice, low leukemia strains
      which do not contain C-type virus in bone, reveals that serum calcium levels are
      significantly lower in the former than in the latter. Further, when C3H/Fg mice
      develop frank leukemia there is a corresponding increase in virus particles while
      the serum calcium concentration levels fall to even lower values. The presence of
      leukemia itself appears not to be the cause as indicated by the failure of
      implanted lymphocytic leukemic cells in C3H/Fg mice to significantly affect serum
      calcium concentration. It is postulated that the effects of the virus could be
      due either to increased osteo blastic activity or to inhibition of osteocytic
      osteolytic activity or to both.

PMID- 167916
TI  - Comparison of whole calvarial bones and long bones during early growth in rats.
      Histology and collagen composition.
AB  - The distribution of ossified collagen (bone) and uncalcified collagen (fibrous
      tissue and cartilage) was compared histologically for rat and dog calvaria at
      birth. The relative amount of bone and uncalcified collagen was quantitated
      morphologically for rat calvaria during the first four weeks of rapid growth.
      Whereas dog calvaria are essentially ossified at birth, rat calvaria at birth
      consist mostly of fibrous tissue but rapidly become ossified with growth.
      Bacterial collagenase was used to separate uncalcified collagen from calcified
      collagen of whole membranous bones (frontal and parietal) and long bones (femur
      and humerus) at birth from man, monkey, dog, guinea pig, rabbit and rat. By this
      means quantitative changes in the relative fractions of the two forms of collagen
      were determined during the first eight weeks of postnatal growth for each type of
      rat bone. Quantitative biochemical data on whole rat bones (calvarium, femur,
      humerus) confirmed measurements based on histology which showed that at birth rat
      calvaria are mostly uncalcified as compared to other species whose bones are
      mostly ossified at birth. With growth rat membranous bones ossify more rapidly
      than long bones.

PMID- 167917
TI  - The effect of a myelin apoprotein on lipid structure: a spin probe study.
AB  - Spin probes, stable free radical derivatives of stearic acid and cholestanone,
      were used to observe the effects of the "Folch-Lees" protein isolated from the
      white matter of bovine brain on the organization and motion of lipid molecules.
      The incorporation of the organic solvent soluble form of this protein decreased
      the tendency of a variety of lipid molecules with zero, positive or negative net
      charges to arrange themselves close to the normal to the lipid bilayer. The
      aqueous form of the protein also had a profound chaotropic effect on the
      molecular geometry of the lipid, but only if the lipids had a net negative charge
      (the protein has a net positive charge in the pH range investigated). Examination
      of the ESR spectra indicated that this protein altered the geometry of the lipid
      structure without causing major changes in the mobility of the individual lipid
      molecules.

PMID- 167918
TI  - In vitro synthesis of estrogen glucuronides and sulfates by human renal tissue.
AB  - 17beta-[6,7-3H]Estradiol (E2) was incubated with slices and homogenates of adult
      human renal tissue. The metabolites formed were identified by chromatography on
      DEAE-Sephadex, thin layer chromatography and crystallization with carrier
      steroids or steroid derivatives. The major metabolites formed by slices were
      estradiol-17-glucuronide (E217G), estrone sulfate and estradiol-3-sulfate. This
      is the first report of in vitro synthesis of estrogen sulfates by adult renal
      tissue. Minor quantities of the 3-glucuronides of estrone and estradiol were also
      found. An oxygen atmosphere appeared to stimulate the production of E217G. A time
      study with tissue slices showed similarities between the in vitro pattern of
      glucuronide synthesis and the excretion pattern of these compounds seen in
      earlier in vivo studies. Homogenates fortified with uridine diphosphoglucuronic
      acid formed the same pattern of glucuronide products but in lesser amounts. No
      sulfates were formed under these conditions. Testosterone did not act as a
      substrate in the experimental conditions used.

PMID- 167919
TI  - Biosynthesis of mitochondrial phospholipids using endogenously generated
      diglycerides.
AB  - When isolated mitochondria or microsomes from rat liver were treated with
      phospholipase C, the incorporation of radioactive phospholipid precursors was
      markedly enhanced, presumably as a result of production of diglycerides by
      hydrolysis of endogenous phospholipids. Incorporation of CDP[14C]choline into
      lecithin in rat liver or BHK-21 mitochondria could be attributed to residual
      contamination from elements of the endoplasmic reticulum, with added diglycerides
      or with endogenous diglycerides produced by the phospholipase C treatment. A
      similar stimulation of [gamma32P]ATP incorporation into phospholipids was
      observed with exogenous or endogenous diglycerides, but the mitochondrial
      diglyceride kinase in either case was also related to the degree of microsomal
      contaminants. It was concluded that previous studies showing negligible capacity
      of mitochondria for lecithin biosynthesis de novo were not explainable on the
      basis of limited accessibility of added diglycerides, and that formation of
      phosphatidic acid by diglyceride kinase was not of significance in rat liver
      mitochondria.

PMID- 167920
TI  - Adenovirus type 19 keratoconjunctivitis in Canada.
AB  - We describe an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis occurring in Montreal
      during the winter of 1974. Adenovirus type 19 was the only virus isolated. We
      confirm the presence of type 19 adenovirus in Canada; it produces severe
      keratoconjunctivitis. The incubation period, method of spread and clinical
      findings resemble those seen in outbreaks of type 8 EKC. The prevalence of
      adenovirus type 19 in the population of Canada is unknown. Although some object
      to the use of the term EKC for infection caused by adenoviruses other than type
      8, we believe that EKC should be regarded as an entity requiring virus isolation
      and antibody determination to identify the adenovirus type responsible for it.

PMID- 167921
TI  - The role of dacryocystography in the management of congenital nasolacrimal duct
      obstruction.

PMID- 167922
TI  - Effect of immunization with attenuated Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) on experimental
      herpetic keratitis.
AB  - Mycobacterium bovis (BCG, Pasteur strain) was injected intraperitoneally into
      guinea pigs and rabbits on the 19th and 5th days prior to the intracorneal
      inoculation of Herpesvirus hominis. During a three-day and nine-day observation
      period, respectively, the BCG had no significant effect on the clinical course of
      the herpetic keratitis and no effect on the titer of virus present in the
      infected corneas.

PMID- 167923
TI  - The effect of caesium on adrenergic transmission in rabbit vas deferens.
AB  - The effect of caesium on the responses of rabbit vas deferens to transmural
      stimulation was investigated. The tissue responded to transmural stimulation with
      a phasic spike contraction followed bya sustained contractile response. The
      sustained response was inhibited by phentolamine and guanethidine and thus
      apparently results from noradrenaline release from adrenergic nerves. Addition of
      2-5mM Cs+ greatly potentiated this secondary response without altering the
      sensitivity of the tissue to added (minus)-noradrenaline. This potentiation was
      not due to Cs+ decreasing the neuronal uptake of noradrenaline, or by Cs+
      altering prostaglandin synthesis. Addition of 2mM Cs+ significantly increased the
      amount of (plus or minus)-[3-H] metaraminol released from tissues in response to
      transmural stimulation (5 Hz). It is suggested that caesium potentiated responses
      of rabbit vas deferens to transmural stimulation by increasing the amount of
      transmitter released per nerve impulse, possibly as a result of prolongation of
      the action potential.

PMID- 167924
TI  - Feedback inhibition of adrenocorticotropin release by corticosterone infusions in
      the adrenalectomized rat.
AB  - Advantage was taken of a specific and sensitive bioassay for rat plasma
      adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) based on the dispersion of rat adrenal cells with
      trysin, to investigate the relationship between plasma corticosterone
      concentration and inhibition of ACTH release under steady-state conditions
      achieved by graded rates (0-5.12 mug/min per 100 g body weight) of intravenous
      infusion of the steroid for 45 min in 28-day adrenalectomized rats. In contrast
      to prior reports involving suppression of stress-induced ACTH release, the
      inhibitory effect of corticosterone was shown, under our experimental conditions,
      to be exerted also on the basal rate of ACTH secretion. Indeed, a slight though
      not significant decrease of plasma ACTH concentration was observed with the
      corticosterone infusion rate of 0.64 mg/min per 100 g body weight, and further
      progressive and highly significant drops in concentration were recorded for
      infusion rates of 2.56 and 5.12 mg/min per 100 g body weight. An increase of the
      metabolic clearance rate of corticosterone, observed as a function of the
      infusion rate, was ascribed to saturation by the steroid of the plasma
      transcortin binding sites.

PMID- 167925
TI  - Phosphorylation of the membrane components of chromaffin granules: synthesis of
      diphosphatidylinositol and presence of phosphatidylinositol kinase in granule
      membranes.
AB  - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induces the release of catecholamines, endogenous
      ATP, and soluble protein from chromaffin granules isolated from the adrenal
      medulla. When ATP exerts this action, it is hydrolyzed by enzymes present in the
      granule membrane, and part of the Pi liberated from ATP is transferred to the
      protein and lipid of the granule membrane. The phosphorylated lipid component,
      which was identified by thin-layer and ion-exchange chromatography as
      diphosphatidylinositol, was formed from ATP and monophosphatidylinositol. This
      latter phospholipid was the substrate for the enzyme phosphatidylinositol kinase.
      Both substrate and enzyme are components of the granule membranes, because they
      have a similar subcellular distribution as dopamine beta-hydroxylase (a granule
      membrane marker). The formation of diphosphatidylinositol was Mg(2 plus)
      dependent, it was further stimulated by Mn(2 plus), it was inhibited by N
      ethylmaleimide and the reaction had an optimal pH of 5. The synthesis of
      diphosphatidylinositol was also shown to occur in chromaffin granules "in situ".
      during the stimulation of the adrenal medulla by acetylcholine.

PMID- 167926
TI  - The demonstration of transmissible gastroenteritis viral antigens by
      immunoelectrophoresis and counterimmunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Immunoelectrophoresis of alkaline intestinal extracts, or the supernatants after
      precipitation of these extracts with 60% ammonium sulfate, prepared from piglets
      experimentally infected with the DL or Purdue strains of transmissible
      gastroenteritis virus, revealed up to three antigens. Two antigens migrated
      towards the anode, and the third migrated towards the cathode. Antigens with
      anodal or cathodal mobility were also demonstrated in the same materials by
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and the procedure for counterimmunoelectrophoresis
      was modified to detect both antigens in a single test.

PMID- 167927
TI  - Virus survival on inanimate surfaces.
AB  - The persistence of several types of viruses on hard, inanimate surfaces under
      different relative humidities, temperatures, and types of surfaces was
      investigated. No differences in survival on glass, vinyl asbestos tile, ceramic
      tile, and stainless steel were found. Under conditions of low humidity and room
      temperature, adenovirus, poliovirus, and herpes simplex virus survived for at
      least 8 weeks. Vaccinia and coxsackie viruses survived for at least 2 weeks but
      differences due to surfaces found in many environments, in addition to the
      laboratory, emphasizes the possible role of hard surfaces in the transmission of
      viruses.

PMID- 167928
TI  - Aerobic adaptation in yeast. II. Changes in enzyme profiles during a step-down
      anaerobic-aerobic transfer.
AB  - The levels of various enzymes and components of the glycolytic and respiratory
      pathways of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been determined during a step
      down, anaerobic-to-aerobic transition. These activities were determined as an
      adjunct to the respective metabolite data reported in the first paper in this
      series. It is clear from the data that anaerobic conditions induce an environment
      conducive to express glycolytic enzyme activities, while manifesting a
      differential induction/repression effect on oxidative enzymes. An NAD/NADH
      mediated mechanism is proposed to explain this difference. Of the enzymes assayed
      only cytochrome c oxidase shows any direct response to oxygen challenge and
      consequently it is suggested that the assembly of this enzyme is the trigger
      mechanism and rate-limiting step in aerobic adaptation.

PMID- 167929
TI  - Aerobic adaptation in yeast, IV. Alterations in enzyme synthesis during anaerobic
      aerobic transitions in exponentially growing cultures.
AB  - As a corollary to the metabolite data obtained from yeast cultures undergoing an
      exponential anaerobic-aerobic phase transition, levels of various glycolytic and
      citric acid cycle enzyme activities have been monitored in these cells. The
      relation of the changes in these enzyme activities in cells grown on either
      glucose or galactose is discussed on light of different metabolic postures these
      cells demonstrate as a result of their transitions. A general discussion is
      presented which compares the results obtained in this series of papers from both
      step-down and exponential transfer experiments and relates these data to control
      of mitochondriogenesis in yeast.

PMID- 167930
TI  - Ultrastructure of the Alnus crispa var. mollis Fern. root nodule endophyte.
AB  - Nitrogen-fixing, field-obtained root nodules of the silky green alder were
      studied by transmission electron microscopy.  The nodule endophyte exhibited a
      prokaryotic cytology and was present in two forms: the hypha(0.3-1.0mum), which
      was branched and septate, and the vesicle (3-5mum), which was also septate and
      developed at the parental hypha tip.  Bacteria-like cells, previously observed in
      light microscopy studies, were not seen in the present work.  The actinomycete
      like endophyte penetrated through the host cell wall and becane enveloped by a
      capsular material (0.1mum), the whole being enclosed by host membranes.  In some
      host cells, the endophyte appeared to lyse and become a mass of shrunken debris. 
      The fine structure of the Alnus crispa var. mollis root nodule endophyte was
      found to be similar to that of other nonleguminous root nodule endophytes.

PMID- 167931
TI  - An immunoprecipitin study of the incidence of influenza A antibodies in animal
      sera in the Ottawa area.
AB  - A survey of over 600 'normal' sera from 14 animal species by immunoprecipitin
      tests in cellulose acetate using viron antigens revealed a high incidence of
      precipitating activity against a broad range of influenza A virus strains,
      particularly A2hHong Kong/1/68 and /PR8. However, serum treatments trypsin-heat
      periodate, NaIO4, V. cholerae receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE), or kaolin
      eliminated most precipitating activity, which suggests that it was due to "non
      specific" inhibitors of influenze viruses. A resistant minority could not be
      identified as inhibitor or antibody on this basis. Precipitation of the influenza
      A major type-specific antigen in virus-soluble antigens by human 7S gamma
      globulin antibody (IgG), demonstrated to be specific for influenza virus, was
      established as a reference reaction to identify similar immunoprecipitin
      reactions occurring between virus-soluble antigens and normal or immune sera.
      Complement fixation tests provided supplementary evidence for the presence of
      influenza A antibodies in these sera. Influenza A antibodies were found in only a
      few sera of six animal species: cat, dog, rabbit, goat, chipmunk, and sheep. Thus
      the animal species examined in the Ottawa area have not revealed an unequivocal
      reservoir for human influenza A viruses.

PMID- 167932
TI  - Patterns of motoneuron dysfunction and recovery.
AB  - Electrophysiological studies have been carried out on five patients with
      neuropathies of different etiologies. In each patient serial estimates were made
      of the numbers of functioning motor units in various muscles. It was found that
      the intensity of the neuropathic process and the rate of recovery differed in a
      consistent way among the motoneuron pools investigated. The lesion was more
      severe in extensor digitorum brevis neurons than in thenar neurons, while the
      hypothenar ones were least affected. A stage of partial synaptic failure has been
      recognized in which a motoneuron appears to be no longer able to excite a muscle
      fiber, but still capable of maintaining certain trophic activities. By comparing
      the number of functioning motor units with the size of the maximum evoked muscle
      response it has been possible to detect the adoption of denervated muscle fibers
      by axonal sprouts from 'healthy' surviving neurons (collateral reinnervation).
      Lastly, in some muscles it appears that the adopted muscle fibers may
      subsequently be recaptured by the original motoneurons following recovery of the
      latter from the neurotoxic insult.

PMID- 167933
TI  - Clinical usefulness of gastric acidity studies.
AB  - Tests of gastric secretion are seldom diagnostic in the investigation of gastric
      and duodenal ulceration, but they can provide evidence that is helpful in
      arriving at a diagnosis. Common tests include basal acid output, pentagastrin
      stimulated maximal and peak acid output, and the Hollander test. There is some
      evidence that they may be useful in selecting the type of operation for peptic
      ulceration. Indications for performing these tests relate to the Zollinger
      Ellison syndrome, duodenal ulcer, recurrent dyspepsia after operation for
      duodenal ulcer, and decisions concerning the choice of operation for peptic
      ulcer. In order to perform these functions they must be properly conducted and
      interpreted; they are simply an adjunct to clinical judgement, and complementary
      to other laboratory tests.

PMID- 167935
TI  - Antitumor activity of selected amino acid derivatives against various tumor
      systems.
AB  - We have previously reported that from 350 amino acid (A-A) derivatives five were
      selected after the primary in vivo and in vitro screening tests. The five
      compounds which were found to possess potential antitumor activity against
      Ehrlich ascites carcinoma are as follows: beta-naphthalene-sulfonyl-DL-tryptophan
      (A-91), beta-naphthyl-aminomethyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (A-144), N
      ethylcarbaminomethyl-L-isoleucine (A-145), n-9-fluorenylactyl-L-phenylalanine (A
      192), and N-propoinyl-L-valine (A-195). The effect on life prolongation and tumor
      growth of these selected A-A derivatives against various types of tumors,
      including ascites and solid tumors in mice and ascites hepatomas in rats, was
      examined. A-A derivatives were administered once daily 3 consecutive days
      starting 24 hours after tumor implantation. Experimental results showed that
      among the five A-A derivatives possessing considerable activity against Ehlich
      carcinoma, A-144 and A-145 were found to be more effective than chromomycin A and
      showed activity similar to that of cyclophosphamide against ascites Sarcoma 180.
      A-A derivatives showed slight antitumor activity against SR61 and L1210
      leukemias. In rat ascites hepatoma, such as AH13, AH7974, AH60C, and Yoshida
      sarcoma, only A-145 showed a significant prolongation of the lifespan in the
      control groups. The five selected A-A derivatives significantly inhibited the
      growth of Nakahara-Fukuoka sarcoma and solid Sarcoma 180. These findings indicate
      that among the five A-A derivatives, A-15 appeared to be the most active against
      ascites and solid tumors.

PMID- 167934
TI  - Unilateral hypoglossal nerve atrophy as a late complication of radiation therapy
      ofhead and neck carcinoma: a report of four cases and a review of the literature
      on peripheral and cranial nerve damages after radiation therapy.
AB  - The case histories of four patients who developed hemiatrophy of the tongue from
      3 to9 years after a course of curative radiation therapy for carcinomas of the
      head and neck are presented.  These patients subsequently followed for from 1 1/2
      to 6 years withoutlocal recurrence of the tumor, distant metastasis, or
      involvement of other cranial nerves, indicative of only a unilateral hypoglossal
      nerve atrophy.  A review of the literatureshowed that peripheral and cranial
      nerve damages after radiation therapy have been reported for the optic nerve,
      hypoglossal nerve, oculomotor nerve, abducens nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve,
      brachial plexus nerves and peripheral nerves of the extremeties.  Reviewof
      clinical and experimental data indicated that in most cases, the damages were
      probably caused by extensive connective tissue fibrosis around and infiltrating
      the nerve trunks.  Three possible types of peripheral and cranial nerve damages
      after radiation therapy are identified.

PMID- 167936
TI  - 5-(3,3-Dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (NSC-45388) in the treatment
      of solid tumors in children.
AB  - 5-(3,3-Dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (NSC-45388) was administered
      to 46 children with various solid tumors which were resistant to conventional
      therapy. Two or more courses of NSC-45388 were administered to 13 of 18 children
      with neuroblastoma, seven of 11 children with rhabdomyosarcoma, three of four
      children with Wilms' tumor, one of three children with Ewing's tumor, and six of
      ten children with miscellaneous neoplastic disorders. Major toxic effects
      included nausea, vomiting, decreased hemoglobin level, thrombocytopenia, and
      leukopenia. A therapeutic regimen of 200-450 mg/m2/day for 5 consecutive days can
      be administered safely every 22 days. Objective responses were observed in three
      children with neuroblastoma and in one child with rhabdomyosarcoma. This drug has
      minimal but definite activity as a single agent in children with advanced
      neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma and should be evaluated further in combination
      therapy.

PMID- 167938
TI  - Complete and apparently specif local tumor regression using syngeneic or
      xenogeneic "tumor-immune" RNA extracts.
AB  - Syngeneic and xenogeneic RNA-rich extracts of lymphoid tissues were used in an
      immunotherapeutic regimen to treat strain 2 guinea pigs that were given
      intradermal injections of a uniformly lethal dose (1 x 10(6)) of line 10
      diethylnitrosamine-induced transplantable hepatoma cells. When 1 X 10(7)
      syngeneic nonsensitive peritoneal exudate cells, 2.5 mg RNA from line 10-immune
      strain 2 guinea pigs or line 10-immune Rhesus monkeys, and 1.0 mg of a line-10
      tumor-specific antigen preparation were injected s.c. under the tumor cells
      injected 5 days previously, complete local tumor regression in all treated
      animals was observed. If either nonsensitive peritoneal exudate cells, RNA, or
      line 10 tumor-specific antigen was omitted, or if Escherichia coli RNA or RNA
      from animals sensitized to a different tumor (line 1) was used, little or no
      tumor regression was observed, suggesting that the action of the RNA may have
      resulted in an antitumor response specific for the noplasm being treated. The
      long-term tumor-free survival of all treated animals indicates that the action of
      the RNA is systemic, since metastases are known to occur frequently by the time
      our therapeutic regimen was given. Also, in testing the biological activity of
      the "tumor-immune" RNA in the in vitro cell-migration-inhibition assay, both the
      syngeneic and xenogeneic RNA extracts could transfer tumor-specific immunological
      sensitivity, as demonstrated by the elaboration of migration-inhibitory factor by
      the RNA-treated nonsensitive peritonial exudate cells in the presence of the line
      10 tumor-specific antigen.

PMID- 167937
TI  - Chemotherapeutic management of bronchogenic carcinoma: trials with NSC-140117, a
      new methanesulfonic acid ester of aminoglycol.
AB  - A new drug, NSC-140117, was used in the management of 15 patients who had late
      bronchogenic carcinoma and were unable to receive surgical or radiotherapeutic
      treatment. Good responses in the form of 90% shrinkage in the size of the
      lesionswere encountered in nine patients (60%). Response is still being
      maintained from 6 months to 1.5 years after the start of therapy. No toxic
      effects, including hematopoietic toxicity, were encountered.

PMID- 167939
TI  - Changes in lactate dehydrogenase enzyme pattern in Chinese hamster cells infected
      and transformed with Simian virus 40.
AB  - The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme patterns of consecutive passages of
      Chinese hamster embryo cultures were monitored. At early passages the population
      displayed two LDH bands, M4 and M3H; however, at higher passages the cultures
      exhibited M2H2, M2H, and M4. When primary cultures of Chinese hamster embryo
      cells were infected with simian virus 40 (SV40), no change in the LDH pattern was
      observed; however, the total activity of LDH increased. Twenty-three of 25
      transformed colonies isolated from SV40-infected primary cells by their ability
      to grow in methyl cellulose produced only M4 or M4-M3H isozymes bands. Four of
      the SV40-transformed clones that produced only the M4 isozyme were tested for LDH
      activity and found to have activities 2.5 to 3 times greater than the control
      cells. Chinese hamster kidney epithelial cells transformed with SV40 virus had a
      decrease in the H subunit production, from 57 to 31%, compared with normal kidney
      epithelial cells. This decrease in H subunit production led to an increase in the
      cathode-migrating isozymes. Therefore, a shift to the cathode-migrating isozyme
      was observed in SV40-transformed cells. This change in LDH pattern might
      represent a reversion to the enzyme pattern present in fetal cells.

PMID- 167940
TI  - Isolation of variant cells from SV-40 transformed human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - Variant cell lines that are sensitive to density-dependent inhibition of growth
      have been isolated from three of four SV40-transformed human fibroblast cell
      lines. Variants were isolated by plating the transformed cells at low density, by
      treating them with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, or by growing them on glutaraldehyde
      fixed monolayers of normal cells. The variant cell lines, isolated at a frequency
      of about 2% of all cells forming colonies after treatment, were initially
      recognized by colonial morphology, and the variant pheno-types were confirmed,
      after subculturing, by saturation-density determinations. The variant cell lines
      reach saturation densities that are 40% or less than those of the parent cell
      lines, and plate in soft agar medium at reduced efficiency, compared with the
      parent cells. They retain SV40 T antigen. The modal chromosome numbers of two of
      the variant cell lines were increased, compared with those of the parent cell
      lines; two other variants were indistinguishable in chromosome number from the
      parent cells. Stability of these properties over a 6-month period was
      demonstrated with two of the variants.

PMID- 167941
TI  - Carcinogenicity of nitrosation products of ephedrine, sarcosine, folic acid, and
      creatinine.
AB  - Carcinogenic activity of several synthetic N-nitroso compounds was evaluated in
      C57BL/6J X C3HeB/FeJ F1 mice. Test substances, suspended in trioctanoin, were
      injected i.p. in three equal doses given on Days 1, 4, and 7 after birth and
      animals were held without further treatment for up to 85 weeks. Nitrosoephedrine
      at a total dose of 600 mg/kg induced metastasizing liver cell carcinomas in 28 of
      30 animals. Nitrososarcosine (225 mg/kg) induced similar tumors in 8 of 14
      animals. Nitrosofolic acid (375 mg/kg) induced lung adenocarcinomas in 4 of 28
      mice. Creatinine-5-oxime (600 mg/kg) showed no evidence of carcinogenic activity.
      Diethylnitrosamine (12 mg/kg given in four doses), included as a positive
      control, caused metastasizing liver cell tumors in 23 of 25 animals.

PMID- 167942
TI  - Ultrastructural characteristics of human neurilemoma cell nuclei.
AB  - Nuclei of human neurilemoma cells exhibit deep and extensive invaginations of
      part of their surface. Such invaginations contain cytoplasmic matter. However, in
      areas of the nucleoplasm distant from the invaginations, small membrane-bound
      bodies, some of which contain a "nucleoid," occur either singly or grouped
      together and enclosed within a large membrane body. These small bodies are not
      considered virus-like. Degenerated nuclei from cultured tumor tissue contain
      spherical bodies, 130 to 230 nm in diameter, with spikes on their surface similar
      to those seen on envelopes of herpes-type viruses. Significance of these bodies
      in vivo and in vitro tumor tissues is not known.

PMID- 167943
TI  - Pancreatic islet-cell and other tumors in rats given heliotrine, a monoester
      pyrrolizidine alkaloid, and nicotinamide.
AB  - Three rats of six males, surviving 22 to 27.5 months after one or two
      intragastric doses of the monoester pyrrolizidine alkaloid, heliotrine (230 mg/kg
      body weight), and pretreatment with nicotinamide (350 mg/kg body weight) by
      pretreatment with nicotinamide (350 mg/kg body weight) by i.p. injections,
      developed pancreatic islet-cell tumors, accompanied in one of the rats by
      transitory cell papillomas of the urinary bladder and interstitial testicular
      tumors and in another by a hepatoma. The lesions in the livers showed progression
      from megalocytosis, to microscopic hepatocellular hyperplasia, to increasingly
      larger nodules and hepatoma. One rat, given heliotrine, but no nicotinamide, also
      developed adenoma of the pancreatic islet cells. Adenomas of the pituitary were
      present among the experimental and also among the control rats killed between 19
      and 27.5 months after the beginning of the experiment, and they are not likely to
      have been caused by the alkaloid. Heliotrine, in which the crucial double bond in
      the pyrrolizidine moiety is sterically hindered, appears to be less readily
      sequestered by the liver and also to affect other organs. Alkylation of
      nicotinamide at the N-1 position prevents its being reused for coenzyme
      biosynthesis. Hence, pretreatment of rats with large doses of nicotinamide
      prevents the depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide coenzymes and liver
      necrosis in rats given heliotrine (230 mg/kg body weight).

PMID- 167944
TI  - Estradiol-dependent collagenolytic enzyme activity in long-term organ culture of
      human breast cancer.
AB  - An organ culture method suitable for the maintenance of viable human breast
      cancer for at least 14 days has been described. This method was applied to a
      total of 94 breast cancer specimens. It allowed good survival of "soft" tumors of
      various histological types, with loose connective stroma even in hormone-free
      medium. In contrast, "scirrhous" cancers showed poor survival in hormone-free
      medium; viable cells were maintained only at the very periphery of the explants.
      Supplementation of the medium with insulin (10 mug/ml), ovine prolactin (5
      mug/ml), and hydrocortisone (1 mug/ml) in various combinations seemed to induce
      enlargement of viable cancer cells and moderate loosening of the stroma in some
      cases. However, it did not improve the survival of central tumor cords in
      scirrhous explants. Further supplementation of the medium with 17 beta-estradiol
      (minimum effective dose, 0.1 to 10 ng/ml), although it did not affect soft
      tumors, markedly improved survival of the cancer cells of scirrhous tumors
      throughout the whole explants, with evidence of collagen digestion around the
      neoplastic cells. This was observed in 18 of 20 scirrhous cancers subjected to
      this treatment. Estradiol need not be present during the whole culture period;
      the results at 14 days were identical in explants treated with estradiol for the
      first 7 days only or for the entire period. Addition of purified collagenase
      during the first 24 or 48 hr of culture resulted in complete dissolution of the
      collage. After such treatment, culture under the usual conditions resulted in
      excellent survival of the explants without improvement from hormone
      supplementation; thus, while estradiol was necessary when collagen was present,
      it was not longer required after collagen digestion. It can be concluded that
      breast cancer cells in organ culture are only slightly, or not at all, hormone
      dependent for survival, provided that they are not restrained by a dense collagen
      barrier. The estrogen-induced changes allowing survival inside the scirrhous
      explants strongly suggest the presence of an estrogen-dependent collagenolytic
      enzyme system in the collagen-rich breast cancers. This system could represent an
      important component of the hormone dependency of human breast cancer growth.

PMID- 167945
TI  - A comparative study of inner membrane enzymes and transport systems in
      mitochondria from R3230AC mammary tumor and normal rat mammary gland.
AB  - Mitochondria from a rat mammary tumor (R3230AC) have been compared with
      mitochondria from pregnant and lactating rat mammary glands, with particular
      attention paid to inner membrane enzymes and Transport proteins. In the tumor the
      mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase was not activated by 2,4-dinitrophenol, in
      contrast to the mammary mitochondria from lactating or pregnant rats.
      Translocation of adenosine diphosphate across the inner membrane was found to be
      more rapid in the tumor by virtue of lovered Km adenosine diphosphate and raised
      Vmax. Transport of phosphate and dicarboxylic acids occurred at similar rates in
      all three types of mitochondria. The inner membrane proteins were also examined
      directly by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and some
      differences are noted. These results, although they indicate subtle differences
      between the inner mitochondrial membranes of tumor as compared with those of
      pregnant or lactating rat mammary glands, cannot form the basis of an explanation
      for enhanced glucose utilization and aerobic lactic acid production in this
      tumor.

PMID- 167946
TI  - Turnover of high-molecular-weight cell surface proteins during growth and
      expression of malignant transformation.
AB  - The turnover of cell surface proteins in normal rat kidney cells transformed by a
      temperature-sensitive Rous sarcoma virus has been studied by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and autoradiography using cell monolayers prelabeled by
      lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination. Labeling of serum-starved cells under
      conditions that are nonpermissive for the expression of transformation reveals
      most of the radioactivity in the 250,000 molecular weight region. Parallel
      labeling of cells simultaneously exposed to serum limitation, under conditions
      that are permissive for the expression of transformation, reveals some
      radioactivity in the same slow-migrating region, but most of the label appears in
      the two faster migrating regions. The relative turnover of such external proteins
      has been investigated by examining the relative alterations in iodinated proteins
      after addition of normal levels of serum to a medium of serum-starved cells.
      There is a greater relative turnover of the high-molecular-weight external
      component under conditions in which ther transformation phenotype is expressed,
      as compared with conditions that limit the expression of transformation.

PMID- 167947
TI  - Clonal isolation of epithelial cells from mouse lung adenoma.
AB  - Clones of epithelial-like cells were established from urethan-induced mouse lung
      adenoma. Electron microscopy of one clone showed that the cells contained
      lamellar inclusion bodies similar in appearance to those seen in the adenoma
      precursor, the type II alveolar pneumocyte. The clones exhibited characteristics
      associated with both "transformed" and "normal" cells in culture; i.e., although
      aneuploid, the cells grew at a slower rate than most transformed cells, did not
      form colonies in soft agar and, after prolonged subculture, were not tumorigenic
      when transplanted s.c. into appropriate hosts. Hydrocortisone treatment of the
      cloned cells led to growth stimulation and the eventual acquisition of neoplastic
      potential. Epithelial tumors were produced more readily in athymic, nude mice
      than in antilymphocyte serum-treated A/He mice. The cells are producing a C-type
      RNA virus into the culture medium.

PMID- 167948
TI  - Rosetting of antibody-sensitized tumor cells with anti-immunoglobulin antibody
      coated erythrocytes by a new method for detecting antigens on cells.
AB  - Tumor cells were treated with rabbit antibody to tumor-associated cell surface
      antigens and tested with erythrocytes coated with antibody specific for the
      sensitizing rabbit immunoglobulin. The sensitized tumor cells formed rosettes
      with the indicator cells. By this method, we confirmed that line 1 and line 10
      hepatoma cells (from two tumors independently induced by diethylnitrosamine in
      strain 2 guinea pigs) bear antigens not present on normal liver cells. We also
      confirmed that line 1 and line 10 cells bear antigenically different tumor
      associated cell surface antigens. This method appears simpler than other
      serological methods for detecting tumor-associated cell surface antigens on tumor
      cells. Also, this method may be a general one for detecting and enumerating cells
      bearing surface antigens.

PMID- 167950
TI  - Acetoacetate coenzyme A transferase activity in rat hepatomas.
AB  - The presence of succinyl-coenzyme A:acetoacetate CoA transferase (CoA
      transferase) (EC 2.8.3.5), an initiator of ketone body utilization in nonhepatic
      tissue, was examined in liver from normal, partly hepatectomized, neonatal, and
      tumor-bearing rats, as well as in a series of transplantable rat hepatomas
      ranging widely in growth rate. While levels of CoA transferase are extremely low
      in normal, host, and regenerating liver, considerable amounts of activity are
      detectable in neonatal liver and in the hepatomas. In fact, the content of CoA
      transferase in the series of Morris hepatomas increases progressively with
      increase in tumor-growth rate. The fastest-growing tumor studied (7288Ctc)
      contains about the same amount of CoA transferase activity as rat skeletal muscle
      (i.e., an activity of about 0.1 mumole of acetoacetate used per min per g
      tissue). These results clearly indicate that the faster-growing hepatomas have
      adequate capacity to utilize ketone bodies in bioenergetic or biosynthetic
      activities. Furthermore, the enzymes from normal and hepatoma 7288Ctc tissues are
      quite similar with respect to (a) size of about 10(5) daltons, (b) reaction
      mechanism requiring formation of an enzyme:CoA intermediate (from ping-pong
      kinetic data), and (c) various kinetic parameters (such as Michaelis constants,
      product competitive inhibition constants, and acetoacetate substrate inhibition).
      The enzymes from rat skeletal muscle and Morris hepatoma 7288Ctc have the same
      isoelectric point (7.6), which differs from that for the rat heart enzyme (6.8).

PMID- 167949
TI  - Morphological patterns of primary nonendocrine human pancreas carcinoma.
AB  - The study of histological sections of 406 cases of nonendocrine pancreas
      carcinoma at Memorial Hospital indicated that morphological patterns of pancreas
      carcinoma could be delineated as follows: duct cell adenocarcinoma (76%), giant
      cell carcinoma (5%), microadenocarcinoma (4%), adenosquamous cancinoma (4%),
      mucinous adenocarcinoma (2%), anaplastic carcinoma (2%), cystadenocarcinoma (1%),
      acinar cell carcinoma (1%), carcinoma in childhood (under 1%), unclassified (7%).
      In 195 cases of patients with pancreas carcinoma, search was made for changes in
      the pancreas duct epithelium and these were compared to duct epithelium in a
      control group of 100 pancreases from autopsies of patients with nonpancreatic
      cancer. The following incidences were found for pancreas cancer and nonpancreatic
      cancer, respectively: mucous cell hypertrophy, 39 versus 28%; pyloric gland
      metaplasia, 28 and 17%; epidermoid metaplasia, 6 and 12%; papillary hyperplasia,
      42 and 12%; atypical duct hyperplasia, 14% and none; cancinoma in situ in 19% and
      none in the control group. Mucin in the majority of pancreas cancers suggested
      that the cell type of origin of the common pancreas cancer is the mucin-producing
      duct epithelium. The association of atypias and carcinomas in situ in the
      patients with pancreas carcinoma implies, by analogy to other organs, that there
      may be a significant latent period between the appearance of carcinoma in situ
      and the grossly recognizable pancreas cancer.

PMID- 167951
TI  - Tumor-selective inhibition of the incorporation of 3H-labeled amino acids into
      protein by cyanate.
AB  - Sodium cyanate at a dose level of 125 or 250 mg/kg i.p. caused an inhibition of
      incorporation of 3H-labeled amino acids into cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins of
      the rapidly growing hepatoma 7777 and the slowly growing hepatoma 9618A. There
      was no inhibitory effect on 3H-labeled amino acid incorporation into protein in
      the livers of rats bearing these tumors. Studies on the effects of sodium cyanate
      on incorporation of 3H-labeled amino acids into total acid-insoluble material
      indicated that a greater than 85% inhibition could be achieved in hepatoma 5123C,
      hepatoma 9618A2, and the MK3 kidney tumor with either little or no effect in host
      liver, kidneys, brain, skeletal muscle, intestinal mucosa, and regenerating liver
      after partial hepatectomy.

PMID- 167952
TI  - Comparison of the cytidine 5'-diphosphate and adenosine 5'-diphosphate reductase
      activities of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase.
AB  - A comparison of the cytidine 5'-diphosphate (CDP) and adenosine 5'-diphosphate
      (ADP) reductase activities from Ehrlich tumor cells was made to determine if the
      properties of the enzyme for these substrates were the same, except for the
      allosteric effector. It was observed that various purification steps did not
      result in an enzyme fraction that had a constant ratio of CDP:ADP reductase
      activities. The optimal Mg2+ ion concentration for CDP reduction was 3 to 4 mM,
      while the optimal Mg2+ ion concentration for ADP reduction was 0.1 mM inhibited
      ADP reduction. CDP reduction was relatively insensitive to the presence of
      dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide in the reaction mixture, but ADP
      reduction was decreased in the presence of these two compounds. Periodate
      oxidized adenosine 5'-monophosphate, on incubation with the enzyme, had a greater
      effect on CDP reduction but little or no effect on ADP reduction. The response of
      the CDP and ADP reductase activities to the same negative effector was
      essentially the same. Both CDP and ADP reductions showed similar decreases in the
      presence of various concentrations of deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate. These data
      suggest that the Ehrlich tumor cell reductase enzyme system could consist of at
      least two different enzymes that may be regulated by the same allosteric protein.

PMID- 167953
TI  - Rat mammary gland atypia produced by iodine blockade with perchlorate.
AB  - Prior published work from our laboratory concluded that there was a need for
      appropriate metabolic activity of iodine in breast tissue for normal growth and
      development. Results from studies in rats that were made iodine deficient showed
      histological changes in the breasts that were atypical and dysplastic. These
      tissue findings were further affected by the presence of estrogen and thyroxine.
      These changes parallel the iodine uptake of the tissues, thus representing a
      difference in the utilization of iodine by the mammary glands. Using an ion
      blockade agent, sodium perchlorate, breast tissues lacking iodine were evaluated
      by both endocrine and histological techniques. A dose-response series was
      completed that showed that perchlorate therapy for 8 weeks at 400 mg/100 ml
      produced breast blockade by a reduction in iodine uptake of greater than 52% of
      the control. At these levels, the histological experimentation showed atypia and
      some pleomorphism of the cells, particularly in the glands of the lobules.
      Blockade was less effective in estrogen-treated groups. It is especially notable
      that both histological changes and uptake reduction were greatest in those
      breasts that had been rendered euthyroid by thyroxine replacement, thus clearly
      indicating the necessity of iodine itself for maintenance of normal breast
      development. By this blockade the responses of iodine inadequacy in the breast
      were shown to cause abnormal tissue changes relative to the percentage of the
      block obtained.

PMID- 167954
TI  - Preferential inhibition by homopolyribonucleotides of the methylation of
      ribosomal ribonucleic acid and disruption of the production of ribosomes in a rat
      tumor.
AB  - The literature indicates that some mechanism other than the interferon or host
      mediated immune enhancement might also be responsible for an antitumor effect of
      polyinosinate-polycytidylate [poly(I)-poly(C)]. We have examined the effect of
      this drug on the synthesis of ribosomes and other macromolecules in a rat tumor,
      the Novikoff ascites hepatoma. The nucleolus was one of the primary targets
      affected by the administration of poly(I)-poly(C) in vivo. A progressive decline
      of the activity of nucleolar ribosomal RNA methylases began within 2 hr, followed
      by a decline of the nucleolar RNA content. The activity of nucleolar RNA
      polymerase was inhibited only at later time intervals. Labeling of tumor
      macromolecules in vivo revealed that the methylation of ribosomal RNA and the
      production of ribosomes, particularly in the small subunits, were immediately and
      progressively affected, followed by inhibition of the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and
      protein at later times. In addition, poly(I)-poly(C) also induced disaggregation
      of polyribosomes and restricted the movements of nuclear RNA to cytoplasm and of
      cytoplasmic protein to nucleus. These in vivo effects of poly(I)-poly(C) on tumor
      cells was observed neither on the host livers nor on livers of normal rats.
      Studies on isolated nucleoli showed that the in vitro addition of polyinosinate
      and several other compounds actively inhibited tumor ribosomal RNA methylases but
      were devoid of inhibitory effect against liver ribosomal RNA methylases; these
      results augment other studies in the literature in suggesting a selective effect
      of the polyinosinate moiety on tumor cells. We conclude from this study that
      initial impairment of the methylation of ribosomal precursor RNA, following
      exposure of tumor cells to poly(I)-poly(C), is responsible for the destruction of
      ribosomes, preferentially the small subunits, during the maturation processes.
      Failure to provide new ribosomes thus triggers the events limiting the growth of
      tumor cells.

PMID- 167955
TI  - Hormone dependence and estradiol receptors in the D series of mammary nodule
      outgrowth lines and tumors.
AB  - Preneoplastic mammary nodule outgrowth lines were examined for their ability to
      grow and produce tumors in ovariectomized BALB/c mice. In addition, these nodule
      outgrowth lines and tumors derived from them were investigated for cytoplasmic
      estrogen receptor proteins by qualitative and quantitative techniques. Early
      ovariectomy, performed within 4 weeks after transplantation, slightly delayed but
      did not permanently block the ability of three different nodule lines to
      completely fill the fat pad with nodule tissue. Ovariectomy performed later than
      4 weeks after transplantation or adrenalectomy performed early or late had no
      effect on nodule growth. Neither early nor late ovariectomy or adrenalectomy had
      an effect on the maintenance of the nodule alveolar phenotype. Ovariectomy
      performed 3 weeks after transplantation had little effect on the tumor potential
      of the low oncogenic line D1 or the high oncogenic line D2. Samples of nodule
      outgrowths transplanted from ovariectomized mice responded to a chemical
      carcinogen in a similar manner, as did nodule outgrowths transplanted from
      control experiments. Thus, the altered hormonal environmenment in ovariectomized
      mice apparently did not select for subpopulations of nodule cells with altered
      tumorigenic potentials. The ovarian independence of the nodule lines and tumors
      derived from them was correlated with a very low level of cytoplasmic estrogen
      receptor. These results, along with other data, illustrate the nature of the
      independence on ovarian hormonal control for tumorigenesis in these mammary tumor
      virus-free nodule lines.

PMID- 167956
TI  - 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzyme in patients with hepatitis B infection.
AB  - The hypothesis that hepatitis B infection is etiologically related to hepatoma
      has been investigated by studying the interrelationships between hepatitis B
      surface antigen (HBsAg, Australia antigen) and the fast-moving 5'-nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase Band V isoenzyme (5'-NPDase-V). Sera from 58 patients with
      viral hepatitis were tested for 5'-NPDase-V and HBsAg. The isoenzyme was found in
      34 of 37 patients who were also positive for HBsAg but in only 4 of 21 hepatitis
      patients who were HBsAg negative. Five patients convalescing from hepatitis were
      negative for both HBsAg and the isoenzyme. Preparative gel electrophoresis showed
      that these 2 markers were different proteins. Of 34 hepatoma patients, 29 were
      positive for 5'-NPDase-V. Only 1 isoenzyme-positive patient was positive for
      HBsAg by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. However, of 16 isoenzyme-positive hepatoma
      patients available for radioimmunoassay, 8 were NBsAg positive (50%). None of 21
      hepatoma samples tested for antibody to NBsAg was positive. Of 21 "normal"
      carriers of HBsAg and 10 carriers with Down's syndrome, 4 persons were detected
      with the isoenzyme. The results suggest that HBsAg and 5'-NPDase-V in the
      presence of liver damage are associated and thus provide a new marker enzyme
      between hepatitis B infection and hepatoma.

PMID- 167957
TI  - Properties of acidic saccharides produced by B16 melanoma cells treated with 1
      methyl-3-isobutylxanthine.
AB  - A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine,
      promoted the differentiation and maturation of B16 melanoma cells, phenomena
      associated with biological alterations in the surface properties of the cells. 1
      Methyl-3-isobutylxanthien inhibited cell replication and increased the
      intracellular content of melanin and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate.
      Significantly greater amounts of sialoglycoproteins were associated with 1-methyl
      3-isobutylxanthine-treated cells. However, the total amount of [3H] glucosamine
      incorporated into anionic polysaccharide (both sialoglycopeptide and
      mucopolysaccharides) was not significantly changed.

PMID- 167958
TI  - Comparison of physical and immunological properties of plasma membranes of two
      mouse leukemia cell lines, P388 and L1210.
AB  - A method for the isolation of the plasma membranes of the mouse leukemic cell
      P388 is described. The method includes surface labeling of the cell membrane with
      125I. The 125I specific activity of the plasma membrane preparation is 10- to 13
      fold higher than that of the cell homogenate; enzyme assays and electron
      microscopy further corroborate the purity of the P388 plasma membrane
      preparation. The predominant iodinated membrane proteins have molecular weights
      of 85,000, 66,000, and 13,000 daltons. Antibodies prepared against P388 and L1210
      plasma membranes inhibit the growth of the corresponding cells in the absence of
      complement. They show cross-reactivity to each other but do not affect the growth
      of HeLa cells.

PMID- 167959
TI  - Changes in lymphoid cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate metabolism during murine
      leukemogenesis.
AB  - Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were slightly increased
      in preleukemic AKR mouse thymus cells, compared with nonleukemic thymus cells,
      but were markedly reduced in leukemic cells. Adenylate cyclase activity rose
      during the preleukemic and leukemic phases of leukemogenesis. Although the drop
      of epinephrine-induced stimulation of thymus adenylate cyclase in the preleukemic
      phase was probably age related, there was an additional decrease of adenylate
      cyclase activation by epinephrine in leukemic cells. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase
      activity was slightly higher in preleukemic cells and more than fourfold AKR
      thymus. These observations suggest that cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase is largely
      responsible for the low levels of cyclic AMP in leukemic cells. Significant
      changes in cyclic AMP metabolism are already detectable before neoplastic cells
      may be found in the thymus.

PMID- 167960
TI  - Sarcoma-negative leukemia-positive transformed cell culture established from a
      murine sarcoma virus-induced rat bone tumor.
AB  - Inoculation of the Soehner-Dmochowski isolate of the Moloney strain of murine
      sarcoma virus (MSV), designated MSV-SD, consistently leads to the development of
      bone tumors in the susceptible New Zealand black (NB) rats. Two separate cell
      cultures have been established from 2 individual MSV-SD-induced NB rat bone
      tumors. Cells of 1 bone tumor culture, designated RBT-E, are in early in vitro
      passages. These cells form colonies in agar medium and take up 2-deoxy-D
      [3H]glucose at a greatly enhanced rate, 5 times that of normal nontransformed rat
      embryo cells. Cells of the RBT-E culture release both MSV and murine leukemia
      virus (MuLV) and therefore contain sarcoma-positive leukemia-positive transformed
      cells. The other rat bone tumor culture, designated RBT-L, produced MSV at early
      passages. RBT-L culture has been passaged over 130 times in vitro. Cells of the
      RBT-L culture form colonies in agar medium and take up 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose at
      an enhanced rate (3 times that of rat embryo cells), indicating the presence of
      transformed cells within the RBT-L culture. However, cells of the RBT-L culture
      at late passages (Passage 130 or more) produce only MuLV and no detectable MSV
      activity (as shown by the lack of tumor-inducing activity and the lack of focus
      forming activities by direct assay or by infectious center assay). Attempts to
      rescue MSV activity from RBT-L cells by cocultivation with MuLV-producing mouse
      cells were not successful. The MuLV found in the RBT-L cells, however, is a
      competent helper virus capable of rescuing the MSV genome from MSV-SD-induced
      hamster bone tumor cells. All the available evidence supports the notion that
      late passages of the RBT-L culture contain transformed cells that do not produce
      conventionally detectable MSV. These cells are referred to as sarcoma-negative
      leukemia-positive cells. The sarcoma-negative leukemia-positive cells represent a
      different kind of MSV-induced transformed cells and provide a unique system for
      studies in search of MSV markers such as MSV-specific antigens and MSV-specific
      nucleotide sequences.

PMID- 167961
TI  - Morphological differentiation of cultured mouse glioblastoma cells induced by
      dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
AB  - A culture line of mouse glioblastoma cells changed morphologically to
      differentiated astrocyte-like cells when cultured in medium with dibutyryl cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate and theophylline. Morphological alteration occurred
      within only 5 hr when 3 mM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and 1 mM
      theophylline were used, and in 1 day when 1 mM theophylline were used. Cells
      showing this morphological change reverted completely to immature cells when they
      were transferred to medium without these two chemicals. Addition of 1 or 3 mM
      dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate with 1 mM theophylline to the medium
      also induced development of cytoplasmic processes from these cells and the cells
      became stellate, although the cytoplasmic processes were not as long or as
      numerous as those induced by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and the
      altered cells could not be referred to as differentiated glia cells. Sodium
      butyrate induced morphological alterations similar to those induced by dibutyryl
      cyclic guanosine monophosphate, but fewer cells showed these alterations.
      Addition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate or cyclic guanosine monophosphate in
      the presence of theophylline or addition of theophylline alone did not induce
      morphological changes of the cells.

PMID- 167962
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels and activities of related enzymes in
      normal and leukemic lymphocytes.
AB  - The role of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic 3':5'-AMP) in the
      regulation of cell division in lymphocytes obtained from healthy donors and from
      patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was investigated by determining
      the levels of cyclic 3':5'-AMP and glycogen and also the activities of several
      enzymes that are closely associated with the metabolism of these cellular
      components. Intracellular levels of cyclic 3':5'-AMP were measured in normal and
      CLL lymphocytes in nondividing, dividing, and quiescent [after phytohemagglutinin
      (PHA) addition]states. In normal lymphocytes the levels of cyclic 3':5'-AMP
      fluctuated throughout the cell cycle after PHA addition, whereas in CLL
      lymphocytes the levels were approximately 3-fold lower than in normal cells and
      remained relatively constant before, during, and after mitogenic stimulation.
      Normal cells contained approximately 3-fold lower levels of glycogen than CLL
      cells, whereas glycogen phosphorylase activities were increased 2- to 4-fold
      above those in nondividing cells in normal but not in CLL lymphocytes after
      stimulation with PHA. Furthermore, cyclic 3':5'-AMP phosphodiesterase activities
      were higher in CLL lymphocytes than in normal ones. Collectively, these studies
      demonstrated that (a) the intracellular levels of cyclic 3':5'-AMP differ in
      these two cell types; (b) the levels of cyclic 3':5'-AMP and glycogen
      qualitatively correlate with the activities of the enzymes that are related to
      these components; and (c) an inverse relationship between the levels of cyclic
      3':5'-AMP and cell growth exists in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from healthy
      donors but not from patients with CLL. These biochemical differences are presumed
      to exist between normal and "leukemic" lymphocytes, but alternatively they may
      reflect normal populations of immunologically distinct lymphocytes.

PMID- 167963
TI  - Production of a serine-protease with macrophage migration-inhibitory factor
      activity by virus-transformed cells and human tumor cell lines.
AB  - BALB/c mouse 3T3 cells transformed by simian virus 40 (SV3T3), baby hamster
      kidney cells transformed by polyoma virus or Rous sarcoma virus, and a range of
      neoplastic human cell lines release material that inhibits the migration of
      macrophages and lymphocytes. Similar migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) activity
      was not detected in supernatants from cultures of untransformed 3T3 or baby
      hamster kidney cells and a variety of human diploid cell strains. Physico
      chemical characterization of the MIF produced by SV3T3 and HeLa cells revealed
      substantial similarities with the MIF produced by mitogen-activated human
      peripheral lymphocytes. MIF released by tumor cells is inhibited by pancreatic
      and soybean trypsin inhibitors and by diisopropylfluorophosphate, indicating that
      it is a serine-protease. Comparison of MIF produced by SV3T3 cells with a serine
      protease plasminogen activator released by the same cells indicated that the
      latter is more heat labile and has a more heterogenous elution profile after
      chromatography on Sephadex G-75. The possible role of MIF in causing proteolytic
      modification of the surface properties of tumor cells and in altering cell
      mediated immune responses to neoplastic cells is discussed.

PMID- 167964
TI  - The distribution and properties of aspartyl transfer RNA in human and animal
      tumors.
AB  - The elution profile of aspartyl transfer RNA (aspartyl-tRNA) from reversed phase
      5 chromatography for tRNA from a spectrum of animal tissues and tumors and human
      tumors has been examined. It was found that SV40-induced hamster tumors, BHK21/cl
      13 cells in culture, certain carcinogen-induced tumors in the Ehrlich ascites
      tumor, and a number of human carcinomas and adenocarcinomas contained a distinct
      increase (3- to 20-fold) in the percentage of a late-eluting aspartyl-tRNA over
      that found in nonmalignant tissues, other animal tumors, and in human melanomas
      and sarcomas. The ability of the late-eluting aspartyl-tRNAAspIV to bind to
      ribosomes in the presence of the codons for aspartic acid was compared to that of
      aspartyl-tRNAAspIII and was found to be approximately the same. Also, the ability
      of each of the 4 isoaccepting species of aspartyl-tRNA to engage in ribosomal
      incorporation of aspartic acid into a polypeptide was determined. All 4
      isoacceptors function equally well in the amino acid incorporation.

PMID- 167965
TI  - Human neuroblastoma in nude mice.
AB  - For establishment of a reproducible model of human neuroblastoma, 2 to 5 million
      of established neuroblastoma cell lines (SK-N-SH, SK-N-MC) were injected s.c. or
      i.p. into 20 nu/nu mice of a predominantly Swiss back-ground. Following latency
      periods of 8 to 21 days, tumors developed at the injection site and grew to 4-ml
      volumes within 3 weeks. Histologically, the tumors resembled the original
      metastases from which the tumors were derived; however, the SK-N-SH appeared to
      have evidence of morphological differentiation. When compared to monolayer
      culture, the heterotransplanted SK-N-SH tumor had decreased dopamine-beta
      hydroxylase activity and elevated cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      phosphodiesterase activity. Activity of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      phosphodiesterase in the transplanted SK-N-MC tumor was not appreciably different
      from the activity in the cultured cells. Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase levels
      in the mice bearing SK-N-SH tumor increased threefold. The SK-N-MC cultured cells
      lacked dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and did not alter existing serum levels in the
      SK-N-MC tumor-bearing mice. 67Ga injected i.v. was found to localize in the tumor
      after 24 hr. Human neuroblastoma in the nude mouse can be a reproducible and
      informative model for tumor pharmacology, screening, radionuclides, tumor
      localization and imaging, and investigating morphological differentiation.

PMID- 167966
TI  - Evaluation of the cell-mediated immune response to murine sarcoma virus by
      (125I)iododeoxyuridine assay and comparison with chromium 51 and
      microcytotoxicity assays.
AB  - The cell-mediated immune response of C57BL/6 mice to murine sarcoma virus (MSV)
      was examined by the [125I]-iododeoxyuridine release cytotoxicity assay using MSV
      induced sarcoma tissue culture cell lines as target cells. Cellular cytotoxicity
      was detected as early as 3 days after virus inoculation. Most mice assayed
      between 12 and 17 days after MSV inoculation gave positive results with maximum
      levels of activity present on Days 13 and 14. Reactivity was frequently detected
      for up to 100 days after MSV inoculation, although at low levels (5 to 10%).
      Additional experiments comparing the kinetics of the cellular response as
      measured by different in vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed. The results
      showed a good direct correlation between the [125I]iododeoxyuridine release assay
      and a 51Cr release assay. A similar pattern of reactivity was also observed when
      the cellular response was measured by a visual microcytotoxicity assay, although
      reactivity dropped off more rapidly and became undetectable in most instances by
      20 days after injection of MSV. Studies on effector cell type revealed that
      cytotoxicity in all three assays was T-cell dependent, being eliminated by
      treatment with anti-theta plus complement. Macrophages did not appear to play a
      role, since treatment with carbonyl iron and magnet had no effect.

PMID- 167967
TI  - Organized inclusions in astrocytic and amorphous inclusions in neuronal
      mitochondria of human frontal brain tissue.
AB  - Brain tissue specimens were obtained early post mortem from the frontal lobe of
      seven unselected elderly subjects known to have been free of neurologic disease.
      Electron microscopically, two types of intramitochondrial inclusions were seen in
      four of seven cases. In two cases a few astrocyte mitochondria of the gyral white
      matter showed dense, elongated inclusions with an ordered linear substructure.
      These inclusions were, as a rule, accompanied by a row of prismatic cristae. In
      three cases some nerve cell mitochondria contained amorphous material of medium
      density and compact appearance. The globular masses often occupied the whole
      width of the mitochondrion. A relationship between the observed finding and a
      particular disease or morbid condition was not apparent. The inclusions are
      regarded as the morphologic substrate of a nonspecific metabolic change or
      degenerative process of the mitochondrion.

PMID- 167968
TI  - Annulate lamellae and crystalline inclusions in granular endoplasmic reticulum of
      the islet organ and associated tissues of a cyclostome, Myxine glutinosa.
AB  - Cytoplasmic annylate lamellae were found in the islet organ of a cyclostome, the
      hagfish (Myxine glutinosa), predominantly in cells interpreted as young
      proliferating beta-cells, and also in endocrine cells and enterocytes of the bile
      duct and gut and in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels. A close
      association was observed annulate lamellae and granular endoplasmic reticulum.
      Both in cells with and in those without annulate lamellae, crystalline inclusions
      of proteinaceous nature were seen in granular endoplasmic reticulum. These
      inclusions were occasionally closely associated to annulate lamellae, and a
      direct continuity could be seen between granular endoplasmic reticulum and the
      outer nuclear membrane surrounding an inclusion partially situated in the
      perinuclear cisterna. Rod-shaped structures and rounded electron dense bodies
      were seen in the nuclei of some islet parenchymal cells. The presence of annulate
      lamellae in the islet organ and associated tissues of Myxine glutinosa is
      believed to be related to the very high phylogenetic age of this species. The
      close association observed between annulate lamellae, granular endoplasmic
      reticulum, crystalline inclusions, and sometimes also nuclear membranes, may be
      of functional significance.

PMID- 167969
TI  - Characterization by different techniques of adrenocorticotropin and gonadotropin
      producing cells in lerot pituitary (Eliomys quercinus).
AB  - Adrenocorticotropin and gonadotropin producing cells were localized in the
      adenohypothysis of normal Lerots by using anti-beta 1-24 ACTH, anti-LH, anti-LH
      beta, anti-PMSG antisera.  In order to study their fine structure two techniques
      were employed: a superimposition technique which consists of detailed comparisons
      between the same cells in light, fluorescence and electron microscopic
      preparations and an immunocytochemical technique on ultra-thin sections using the
      peroxidase anti-peroxidase complex technique.  The superimposistion technique
      allows an excellent description of cell ultrastructure of individually identified
      cells of each type.  With this method we were able to describe the corticotropin
      secreting cells as lucent cells with electron dense granules ranging in size from
      2500 to 3500 A.  The gonodotropin secreting cells are darker and their granules
      are about 2000 A in diameter.

PMID- 167970
TI  - Light- and electron-microscopic studies on the secretory cytology of the
      adenohypophysis of the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica.
AB  - The effects of thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy, and castration on the pars distalis
      of male Japanese quail, and of injection of LH-RH on sexually inactive females,
      were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Correlation between light and
      electron microscopy was attained by use of alternate thin and thick sections. Six
      types of secretory cells were identified and the ultrastructural characteristics
      described. Putative endocrine functions have been designated on the basis of
      responses to experimental interventions and on other criteria. The putative STH
      cells are characterized by the presence of large dense secretory granules (250
      300 nm) that are stained with orange-G by the trichrome method. They occur only
      in the caudal lobe and appear to be unchanged by castration, thyroidectomy,
      adrenalectomy and LH-RH injection. The putative prolactin cells are characterized
      by large (400-600 nm), spherical or polmorphic, dense secretory granules
      stainable with acid fuchsin and aniline blue; prominent Golgi apparatus and well
      developed endoplasmic reticulum with densely packed, regularly parallel lamellae.
      They are found mainly in the cephalic lobe. The prolactin cells develop some
      vacuolization after adrenalectomy and undergo some degeneration after castration.
      The ACTH cells, which are restricted to the cephalic lobe, are identified by the
      dense, spherical granules (250-300 nm) that are stained with acid fuchsin. After
      adrenalectomy, they lose their secretory granules and are transformed into large,
      chromophobic adrenalectomy cells. TSH cells are so designated by their response
      to thyroidectomy including loss of their fine secretory granules and
      transformation to large, vacuolated thyroidectomy cells. We have found TSH cells
      and thyroidectomy cells only in the cephalic lobe. Basophilic cells, considered
      to be gonadotropes, occur in both the cephalic and caudal lobes. The gonadotropes
      of the cephalic lobe appear to have slightly larger (120-200 nm) granules than
      the caudal lobe (120-150 nm). However, after castration, the gonadotropes in both
      lobes become hypertrophied and vacuolated and are transformed into mutually
      indistinguishable castration cells. Twenty minutes after injection with LH-RH,
      the gonadotropes of both lobes increase in size and number, degranulate, develop
      vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and appear very similar to castration cells.

PMID- 167971
TI  - Cell types in the adenohypophysis of the Japanese quail and effects of injection
      of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
AB  - The cells of the adenohypophysis of the Japanese quail were studied by both light
      and electron microscopy after exposure to long photoperiods or injection of
      lutenizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH). Six cell types were identified in the
      adenohypophysis by examining alternate thick and thin sections by light and
      electron microscopy. In the cephalic lobe, there are four types of glandular
      cells. They are the prolactin cells, ACTH cells, TSH cells, and gonadotropic
      cells (FSH?). In the caudal lobe, there are two types of cells, STH cells and
      gonadotropic cells (LH?). After exposure to long daily photoperiods, gonadotropic
      cells in both lobes were strongly activated. They became larger and accumulated
      many granules. ACTH cells became vacuolated; granules were sparse. Synthetic LRH
      injection (10 mug/0.2 ml/day) for 10 days to the non-photostimulated quail
      stimulated certain numbers of the gonadotropic cells in the both lobes, although
      the response of the cells was less than that induced by photostimulation. No
      response was seen in the other cell types.

PMID- 167972
TI  - Vacuolated pinealocytes in the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L.) and the mole
      (Talpa europaea L.).
AB  - Special cells in the hedgehog and mole pineal gland which are characterized by an
      enormous single vacuole were studied. The presence of secretory granules (in the
      hedgehog) and of paracrystalline structures (in the mole) in the cytoplasm of
      these cells indicates that they are pinealocytes.

PMID- 167973
TI  - Ultrastructural study of the neural fat-body system in the cockroach Periplaneta
      americana.
AB  - The neural fat-body system of the ventral nerve cord in the cockroach Periplaneta
      americana was studied with the light and electron microscopes. This adipose
      tissue surrounds the connectives and extends over the ganglia. The adipose cells
      typically contain numerous extremely large lipid inclusions, pleomorphic
      lysosomes, and tightly packed glycogen granules. The neural lamella consists of a
      thick inner layer rich in collagen fibers and a thin outer layer of granular
      material. At points where the fat body is attenuated, this granular layer is
      split and the outer lamina is reflected superficially to ensheath and apparently
      to anchor the fat body.

PMID- 167974
TI  - The ultrastructure of topical cutaneous calcinosis.
AB  - Mineralized plaques, which develop at the site of repeated subcutaneous
      injections of 100 mug KMnO4/0.2 H2O in rats, were investigated by electron
      microscopy. The newly formed, delineated, white plaque tissue at the injection
      site consisted of numerous, mostly unaltered fibroblasts and collagen fibers,
      without participation of inflammatory cells. Some signs of cell injury were found
      in the center of the lesions. Numerous, irregularly distributed, small,
      mineralized foci were seen near the fibroblasts. These were formed by aggregation
      of small needle-like units (50 A in diameter and 0.05-2.0 mum long). These needle
      shaped units were found either in vesicular, cell derived structures, considered
      to be shed cell fragments, or on collagen fibers. Intramitochondrial deposits of
      such needle like units were seen frequently. Fusion of smaller mineralized foci
      to larger plaques occured and then needle-shaped units were seen at the periphery
      of the electron-dense lesions. Hypotheses concerning the mechanism of
      experimental cutaneous calcinosis (soft tissue mineralization) are discussed and
      related to the findings of this study. Probable intracellular crystal deposition
      and mineralization in cell-derived structures were shown for the first time in
      topical cutaneous calcinosis.

PMID- 167975
TI  - Histochemical, ultrastructural and hormonal studies on the pars distalis of the
      echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus).
AB  - There were no consistent significant differences between the concentrations of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) in the rostral compared
      with the caudal zone of the echidna pars distalis. This suggests that LH is
      secreted by cells containing S-type granules (probably corresponding to secretory
      vesicles 200-300 nm diameter) which are distributed throughout the gland. Some of
      the cells containing vesicles 100-200 nm diameter, seen in small numbers in both
      zones of the gland, may be responsible for the secretion of ACTH. The
      concentration of pituitary LH is in the range of that found in eutherian mammals,
      but the concentration of ACTH is lower than that reported for other vertebrates,
      and this may be linked causally with the remarkably low rate of corticosteroid
      secretion in the echidna. The absence of significantly increased levels of
      pituitary LH and ACTH in a chronically orchidectomized and adrenalectomized
      animal adds to other evidence which suggests that mechanisms involving a negative
      feedback of steroid hormones on the hypothalamo-hypophysial axis may not be fully
      developed in the echidna.

PMID- 167976
TI  - Ultrastructure of the budgerigar testis during a photoperiodically induced cycle.
AB  - Spermatogenesis in the Budgerigar can be arrested by reducing the birds'
      photoperiod to 8 hours of daylight or less. When this occurs, Sertoli cell
      cytoplasm shows a great increase in the size and number of residual bodies, while
      the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is reduced. If the bird is kept at 8 hours of
      daylight for some weeks large lipid droplets are seen in Sertoli cytoplasm, and
      degenerated spermatids are apparently phagocytosed. The interstitium shows fewer
      active Leydig cells, a paucity of lipids and occasional ovoid mitochondria. The
      basal lamellae of the tubule which are thick and convoluted before and during
      spermatogenesis become thinner and straighter. It is thought that these
      morphological changes reflect changes in metabolic activity.

PMID- 167977
TI  - On degeneration of peptidergic neurosecretory fibres in the albino rat.
AB  - Three types of degenerating peptidergic neurosecretory fibres have been found in
      the posterior pituitary of chronically dehydrated albino rats. "Dark"
      neurosecretory fibres and their swellings contain neurosecretory granules,
      neurotubules, shrunken mitochondria and diffusely distributed fine dense
      material. Some swellings are filled with synaptic vesicles and/or conglomerations
      of dense membranes. The transitional forms exist between these fibres and
      extracellular accumulations of electron dense material. Synaptic vesicles, single
      neurosecretory granules, lipid-like droplets and lamellar bodies occur in the
      latter. Some neurosecretory fibres and swellings have numerous polymorphous
      inclusions arising due to degradation of secretory inclusions and organelles,
      mitochondria and neurotubules in particular. "Dark" neurosecretory elements and
      those with numerous polymorphous inclusions are enveloped by pituicyte cytoplasm.
      Sometimes the plasma membranes both of the pituicytes and neurosecretory fibres
      are destroyed or transformed into a multi-membrane complex. It is assumed that
      pituicytes may phagocytize degenerating neurosecretory elements. N  urosecretory
      fibres with a locally dissolved neuroplasm and/or large lucent vacuoles seem to
      be due to axonal degeneration by the "light" type. These neurosecretory elements,
      the largest of them in particular, may transform into large cavities bordered by
      a membrane and containing flake-like material and single-membrane vacuoles.
      Degeneration of neurosecretory elements seems to occur mainly due to
      hyperfunction of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system.

PMID- 167979
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on the intranuclear inclusions of the rabbit
      adenohypophysis in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Intranuclear inclusions of three basic types are described in various parts of
      the rabbit adenohypophysis in vivo and in organ and cell cultures. These
      inclusions are mostly found in the postnatal tissue but occur in both glandular
      and non-glandular cells. A comparison is made with similar structures encountered
      elsewhere. Their significance is not known.

PMID- 167978
TI  - Adrenocortical response in the duck exposed to corticosteroid administration and
      salt loading.
AB  - The functional zonation in the adrenocortical tissue of the duck was
      experimentally investigated after chronic administration of corticosteroids of
      different types (corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone, dexamethasone) and salt
      loading (chlorides of sodium and potassium). The cytomorphology of the interrenal
      cells belonging to subcapsular and central zones was explored by light- and
      electron microscopy and by biochemical analysis of plasma corticosterone.
      Corticoid-induced involution of the interrenal tissue, or hyperactivity elicited
      by salt loading were evident in both subcapsular and central regions of the
      gland. In the duck the adrenocortical tissue appears to be devoid of
      steroidogenic functional differentiation. The modifications of different cellular
      organelles and inclusions can be explained in the light of known concepts about
      corticosteroid metabolism. The depression of plasma corticosterone titre in
      corticosteroid-treated animals agrees with the image of cytological inhibition.
      The lowered corticosterone value in KCl-loaded ducks signifies increased
      peripheral metabolism of this hormone. The hypercorticosteronemia in NaCl-loaded
      ducks is probably related to activation of the nasal gland under osmotic stress.

PMID- 167980
TI  - Different secretory responses of periinsular and other acini in the rat pancreas
      after pilocarpine injection.
AB  - Histological, histochemical, and electron microscopical investigations of the rat
      pancreas, one to five hours after pilocarpine injection (4 mg in 1 ml normal
      saline solution), showed different secretory responses in periinsular and
      apoinsular acinar cells. The responsiveness to parasympathetic stimulation is
      markedly retarded and weakened in the periinsular area. It is supposed that the
      halo phenomenon is related not only to an inhibition of the secretion, but also
      to a longer lasting synthesis of zymogen granules. The insular hormones, glucagon
      and insulin, which are possibly locally enriched by insulo-acinar capillary
      anastomoses or by diffusion, may be involved in the regulation of activity in the
      periinsular cells.

PMID- 167982
TI  - Nucleic acid hybridization using DNA covalently coupled to cellulose.
AB  - We describe a method for linking RNA and DNA covalently to finely divided
      cellulose through a diazotized aryl amine, which reacts primarily with guanine
      and uracil (thymine) residues of single strands. The high efficiency of coupling
      and high capacity of the cellulose for nucleic acid make possible a product with
      as much as 67 mug of nucleic acid per mg of cellulose. The product is especially
      suitable for hybridization experiments where very low backgrounds are important,
      and it is stable in 99% formamide at 80 degrees C so that hybridized nucleic acid
      can be recovered easily. Full length linear Simian Virus 40 (SV40) DNA, produced
      by cleavage of SV40(I) DNA with S1 nuclease, can be coupled to diazo cellulose
      with an efficiency of 80-90%, and is effective in hybridization experiments with
      SV40 DNA, complementary RNA synthesized in vitro from SV40(I) DNA with E. coli
      RNA polymerase, and the SV40-specific fraction of total RNA from SV40-infected
      and transformed cells. In these experiments an excess of cellulose-bound DNA was
      used, and the efficiency of hybridization was about 90% when ribonuclease
      treatment of the hybrids was omitted.

PMID- 167981
TI  - Inhibition of protease activity in cultures of rous sarcoma virus-transformed
      cells: effect on the transformed phenotype.
AB  - We have examined the role of proteolytic activity in the genesis and maintenance
      of the transformed phenotype by growing cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts
      transfromed by Rous sarcoma virus either in medium containing plasminogen-free
      serum or in medium to which protease inhibitors were added. Alterations in
      morphology, adhesiveness, and hexose transport were used as markers for the
      transformed state. Addition of the trypsin inhibitors NPGB or Soy Bean Trypsin
      Inhibitor at concentrations which inhibited transformation-associated
      fibrinolysis restored adhesiveness and morphology to near normal, but did not
      affect the rate of hexose transport. Growth of Rous-infected cells in plasminogen
      free medium blocked the appearance of morphological and adhesive alterations, but
      allowed the rate of hexose transport to increase to the transformed level. Thus
      we were able to separate the appearance of transformation-specific changes in
      morphology and adhesiveness (which apparently require fibrinolytic activity) from
      the increased rate of hexose transport (which is independent of fibrinolytic
      activity). Another trypsin inhibitor, TLCK, although it did not inhibit
      fibrinolysis, was very effective at restoring adhesiveness and morphology as well
      as hexose transport to normal. This raises the possibility that there is another,
      perhaps earlier, protease involved in the genesis of the transformed phenotype.

PMID- 167984
TI  - Fibrin overlay methods for the detection of single transformed cells and colonies
      of transformed cells.
AB  - Fibrin overlay methods are described which can detect the plasminogen activator
      produced by single transformed cells or small colonies of transformed cells.
      These methods were applied to malignant cells derived from humans, mice,
      hamsters, rats, and chicks. The lysis observed was plasminogen dependent.
      Transformation of chicken cells by Rous sarcoma virus was detected 4 days after
      infection. The number of lysis zones produced was proportional to the virus
      inoculum and was identical to the number of morphologically determined foci.
      These methods may also have application in model systems for scoring
      transformation by chemicals. Transformed mouse and chicken cells were detected at
      the single cell level and the number of lysis zones produced was dependent on the
      number of cells present, the time of incubation, and the concentration of
      plasminogen.

PMID- 167983
TI  - Effects of cycloheximide on virus RNA replication in an inducible line of polyoma
      transformed rat cells.
AB  - In this article, we describe two distinct effects of cycloheximide (CH), a potent
      inhibitior of protein synthesis, on the replication of polyoma virus (PV) DNA in
      an inducible line of PV-transformed rat cells (LPT cells). Exposure of LPT cells
      to CH causes up to an 8 fold increase in the cellular concentration of PV DNA
      determined by molecular hybridization. The same treatment inhibits cell division
      and chromosomal DNA replication. However, the amount of chromosomal DNA per cell
      is not affected by the drug. In LPT cells treated with mitomycin C (MMC), PV DNA
      replication is enhanced after 7 hr. During the period extending from 7 hr to 24
      hr, the concentration of virus DNA increases at least 100 fold. CH added to the
      cells 0-7 hr after treatment with MMC inhibits the replication of PV DNA by 90
      100%. The inhibition is less effective in cells exposed to CH from 7 hr and on.
      The inhibitory effect is reversible: virus DNA synthesis is resumed after removal
      of CH from the growth medium. Thus CH acts as an inducer of virus DNA synthesis
      in cells whose resident viral genome is repressed, but inhibits the autonomous
      replication of the activated genome following induction with MMC.

PMID- 167985
TI  - Determination of limb bud chondrocytes during a transient block of the cell
      cycle.
AB  - The process of determination is studied by using a cell culture system derived
      from dissociated chick embryo limb buds. When limb bud cells obtained from
      embryos younger than stage 25 (undertermined) are temporarily prevented from
      passing through the cell cycle (either by maintaining the cells on a petri dish
      or in the presence of high concentrations of cyclic AMP, both of which depress
      thymidine-H(3) incorporation), some cells subsequently form cartilage colonies.
      These results support the hypothesis that a temporary block at some stage in the
      cell cycle causes mesoblasts to acquire the capacity to differentiate into
      cartilage cells.

PMID- 167986
TI  - Adaptation of the mitochondrial systems of Rhodotorula gracilis to low oxygen
      pressure.
AB  - The obligate aerobic yeast, Rhodotorula gracilis, was grown in a liquid minimal
      medium at 1 mm Hg partial pressure of oxygen, conditions under which growth
      (measured as the increase in total protein) is reduced to 30% of the maximum
      rate. A significant increase in the ratio between mitochondrial oxidative enzymes
      and total protein occurs rapidly under these conditions. A concurrent increase in
      the ratio area of mitochondria/area of cytoplasm was also observed. The relative
      increase in mitochondrial enzymes, oxidase activities and mitochondrial membranes
      is due to the inhibition affecting the increase in cytoplasmic structures more
      significantly than the increase in mitochondrial structures at low pO2. The
      difference between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic syntheses cannot be ascribed to
      changes in the availability of ATP but it might rest with some other oxygen
      utilising process (pyrimidine redox coenzymes, synthesis of sterols). The
      experimental conditions studied appear to offer a valuable tool for the
      investigation of the relationships between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic
      structures.

PMID- 167987
TI  - The inhibitory effect of glucose on the differentiation of trophic Hartmannella
      culbertsoni into viable cysts.
AB  - During encystation of Hartmannella culbertsoni induced by taurine or epinephrine,
      60-70% of the reserve glycogen is degraded. Glycogen phosphorylase is activated
      and glycogen synthetase is inhibited after 6-8 hr of exposure to the encystation
      medium. The carbon skeleton of glycogen but not that of protein is utilised in
      the synthesis of cyst wall cellulose. Exogenously added glucose (225 and 550 mM)
      blocks encystation, degradation of glycogen and synthesis of cellulose. Cyclic
      AMP synthesis is also very much reduced in cells exposed to glucose.

PMID- 167988
TI  - [Small-cell carcinoma of the larynx].
AB  - In a 69-year-old man by biopsy and for the first time on necropsy a primary small
      cell carcinoma of the laryngeal ventricle with metastases into the liver was
      detected and confirmed. Under the electron microscope in the cells endocrine
      granules were found which were not argyrophil.

PMID- 167989
TI  - Reversibility of lysosomal and glucose 6-phosphatase changes produced in the rat
      liver by dimethylnitrosamine.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to discover whether repeated doses of
      dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) could produce a cumulative toxic effect on the rat
      liver. For this purpose doses were selected at a level just too low to produce
      cytopathological changes, as indicated by depression of glucose-6-phosphatase and
      induction of autophagic vacuoles (AV) in hepatocytes, when given once only.
      Single subcutaneous injections of 10 or 3 mg/kg induced these cytopathological
      changes in the centrilobular (CLB) hepatic cells but when the dose was reduced to
      1 mg/kg no such changes were seen. After daily administration of 1 mg/kg for 4 or
      8 weeks we observed both glucose-6-phosphatase depression and autophagy, and in
      addition there was marked hypertrophy of the rough endoplasmic reticulum,
      nucleolar microsegregation and the appearance of distorted, often ring-shaped
      mitochondria with shortened cristae. Kupffer cells exhibited a marked increase in
      lysosomal activity. With the exception of mitochondrial changes and Kupffer cell
      activity this same picture was observed, although in milder form, when the dose
      administered was 0.3 or 0.1 mg/kg daily for the same period. When treatment was
      continued for 12 weeks, however, the only differences from control rats were the
      presence of hypertrophied rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) at all three dose
      levels, nucleolar microsegregation at the upper two dose levels, and pronounced
      Kupffer cell activity at the top dose. These findings indicate that cumulative
      cytopathologic effects occur only up to 8 weeks at the dose levels studied but
      hypertrophy of RER and increased Kupffer cell activity persist up to 12 weeks.

PMID- 167990
TI  - [The effects of cortisol and progesterone injected directly into the oocytes of
      Xenopus laevis].

PMID- 167991
TI  - [The action of several phosphotransferases on phosphonic derivatives of natural
      guanidine compounds].

PMID- 167993
TI  - [The binding of tritiated dexamethasone to lymphocytes of normal and leukemic
      subjects].
AB  - Specific binding sites for 3H-dexamethasone, possessing the characteristics of
      glucocorticoid receptors, were demonstrated in normal human circulating
      lymphocytes.  The number of glucocorticoid receptors was found different from
      normal in half of the acute or chronic lymphoid leukaemias studied.  A
      correlation between the number of glucocorticoid receptors and the therapeutical
      benefit of the glucocorticoid administration will be performed, including these
      preliminary observations.

PMID- 167992
TI  - [Enzymatic characteristics of the catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex
      of human lymphocytes].
AB  - In earlier reports we have shown the existence in human lymphocytes homogenate,
      of a cyclic-AMP dependent protein-kinase activity. We demonstrate by affinity
      chromatography that two subunits display respectively cyclic-AMP binding and
      phosphorylating properties. Divalent cations such as Ca++, Mg++ or Mn++ are
      required for enzymatic activity. ATP which is an obligatory cosubstrate acts as
      an inhibitor when its concentration is higher than 10(-6)M.

PMID- 167994
TI  - [Standardization of "exchange" techniques to measure estradiol receptors in
      extracts exposed to biospecific adsorbants].
AB  - The measurement of the binding of steroid hormone receptors to biospecific
      adsorbants requires the development of "exchange" techniques. Two types of
      techniques based on the principle of differential dissociation were standardized:
      solid phase exchange with hydroxylapatite and liquid phase exchange with
      adsorption of the ligand to charcoal dextran. In both cases, binding of
      oestradiol to its receptor was measured in calf uterine cytosol extracts. Results
      obtained by both techniques were comparable. The half-times of the oestradiol
      receptor complex dissociation determined from exchange kinetics are on the same
      order as those obtained by direct methods used in previous studies.

PMID- 167995
TI  - [Radioimmunologic assay of plasma corticotropin in the green frog, Rana esculenta
      L].
AB  - In the green Frog (Rana esculenta) the plasma contains a polypeptide
      immunologically related to human and porcine corticotropins. A radiommunoassay
      capable of detecting 4.10-12 g hog ACTH has been used for a direct plasma ACTH
      assay in the Frog. Using this method, the ACTH rate was determined both in
      untreated frogs and in animals under various experimental conditions.

PMID- 167996
TI  - [The effect of gonadotropic hormones and the fetal hypophysis on testosterone
      production by the testis of 18 day mouse fetuses in organ culture].
AB  - The production of testosterone (measured by radioimmuno-assay) by the 18-day-old
      mouse fetal testis may be stimulated specifically by ovine LH (1 ng, p less than
      0.005) and HCG in organ culture. A stimulation by FSH is observed only with high
      doses (10 mug, p less than 0.0005). Prolactin and ACTH have no effect. Age
      matched fetal pituitaries increase significantly the testosterone production in
      the culture medium (p less than 0.0005).

PMID- 167997
TI  - [Plasmids controlling the resistance to several antibiotics in C. perfringens
      type A, strain 659].
AB  - A strain of C. perfringens type A, isolated from a patient, was found to be
      resistant to four antibiotics: tetracycline (Tet), chloramphenicol (Chl),
      erythromycin (Ero) and clindamycin (Cli). Clones resistant to only two drugs (Tet
      Chl or Ero-Cli), or sensitive to all drugs were found in cultures of the wild
      type strain treated by acridine dyes or ethidium bromide. DNA analysis by
      equilibrium centrifugation confirmed that the original strain contains two
      resistance plasmids, one called Rip 401 (Tet-Chl) and the other Rip 402 (Ero
      Cli), which represent respectively 1.8 +/- 0.2% and 2.3 +/- 0.2% of the total
      amount of DNA in this strain of Cl. perfrigens.

PMID- 167998
TI  - [The effect of alloxan on the multiplication of different types of normal or
      cancerous cells, and on the transformation of chick embryo fibroblasts by Rous
      virus in vitro].
AB  - The action of alloxan was studied in vitro, on different categories of normal or
      cancerous cells. At concentrations of 250 and 350 gamma/ml, alloxan does not
      significantly inhibit the growth of normal cells, whereas it does inhibit the
      growth of cancerous cells. Furthermore, alloxan inhibits infection and
      transformation of chicken-embryo fibroblasts infected by the Rous virus.

PMID- 167999
TI  - Disappearance of bradykinin in the renal circulation of dogs. Effects of kininase
      inhibition.
AB  - In chloralose-anesthetized dogs, we investigated the disappearance of bradykinin
      on passage across the renal circulation. The peptide was infused into a renal
      artery at various doses (5-200 ng/kg min-1); renal blood flow and the
      concentration of kinins in renal venous blood were then determined and the
      percent survival of bradykinin on passage through the kidney calculated.
      Bradykinin caused a dose-related increase in renal blood flow, urine flow, sodium
      excretion, and kinin content of renal venous blood. Intravenous administration of
      BPP9alpha (300 mug/kg), a peptide kininase II inhibitor, potentiated the renal
      vasodilator, diuretic, and natriuretic actions of bradykinin and augmented the
      survival of the kinin on passage through the kidney from 12.72 +/- 1.64% in
      control dogs to 53.92 +/- 7.48% (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, the values of
      peptide survival were positively correlated with the increases in renal blood
      flow (r = 0.92, P less than 0.01), urine flow (r = 0.75, P less than 0.01), and
      sodium excretion (r = 0.68, P less than 0.01) produced by bradykinin. In
      addition, BPP9alpha by itself increased renal blood flow (16%, P less than 0.01),
      urine flow (115%, P less than 0.005), and sodium excretion (167%, P less than
      0.02). Similarly, the concentration of kinin in renal venous blood and the
      excretion of urinary kinins rose from 0.11 +/- 0.03 ng/ml and 4.1 +/- 1.1 ng/min
      to 0.24 +/- 0.05 ng/ml (P less than 0.005) and 38.5 +/- 12.2 ng/min (P less than
      0.02). These studies suggest that kinins generated intrarenally play a role in
      the regulation of renal blood flow and salt-water excretion and that variations
      in the capacity of the kidney to inactivate kinins may be a determinant of the
      intrarenal activity of the kallikrein-kinin system.

PMID- 168001
TI  - Clinical conference: De subitaneis mortibus. XIII. Multifocal Purkinije cell
      tumors of the heart.
AB  - Multifocal Purkinje cell tumors were found in the heart of a nine-month-old black
      female infant who died with arrhythmias which had become progressively more
      frequent and severe until they were completely intractable. The Purkinje cell
      tumors were composed of exactly the same type of cells found in the left bundle
      branch and the right bundle branch, and they were also located in the expected
      region of the His bundle. In none of these locations were these Purkinje cells
      forming normal longitudinally oriented Purkinje fibers, however, and no such
      fibers were found anywhere in this heart. The cells of the tumors contained
      glycogen but not in excess of that normally expected to be present in Purkinje
      cells. No evidence for a generalized abnormality of glycogen metabolism or
      storage was present. Except for the Purkinje cells, the remaining myocardial
      cells of the heart were all normal. The fundamental fault appeared to be failure
      of the Purkinje cells to organize into the normal histological pattern which is
      characterized by longitudinally oriented Purkinje fibers. Instead, all the
      Purkinje cells were rounded or polygonal and generally aggregated together into
      small discrete nodules of varying size. Future cases of this nature deserve
      careful attention to the nature of their cardiac rhythm and conduction, and in
      fatal cases there should be special studies of the histological appearance of
      their cardiac centers of impulse formation and conduction.

PMID- 168000
TI  - Localization patterns of plasma apolipoproteins in human atherosclerotic lesions.
AB  - The localization patterns of human plasma lipoproteins and their respective
      apoproteins and of neutral lipid were determined in normal and atherosclerotic
      arteries. Specific antisera were prepared against plasma low-density
      lipoproteins(LDL) and their apoproteins (apoB), high-density lipoproteins(HDL)
      and one of their major apoproteins (apoA-I1, and apoC-III, which is a major
      apoprotein of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Using immunofluorescence 
      techniques, the various antigens were localized in arterial samples obtained at
      surgery or autopsy. The three apoproteins and neutral lipid were localized to the
      same tissue areas, namely, lipid core regions and certain connective tissue of
      atherosclerotic lesions, in 61% of the fibrous plaques and 48% of the fatty
      streaks examined. In marked contrast, none of the uninvolved arterial regions
      showed the presence of all four factors together. As controls, the localization
      of other serum proteins was also determined in these arteries using
      immunofluorescence techniques. Fibrinogen was associated with regions of maximum
      complementary localization of factors in 37% of the fibrous plaques and 64% of
      the fatty streaks. However, albumin was found in only 4-5% of these same regions.
      The present results suggest that not only LDL but also HDL and VLDL or their
      respective apoproteins as well as fibrinogen are specifically retained by certain
      tissue components of the atherosclerotic lesion.

PMID- 168002
TI  - Potential for clinical use of the analytical laser microprobe for element
      measurement.
AB  - Use of the laser microprobe for rapid emission spectroscopic analysis of elements
      in microscopic samples of biological material is described. The technique depends
      on vaporization of the microsample with a focused laser beam at a temperature
      that renders the vapor incandescent for spectrochemical analysis. Spectral line
      intensities are recorded photographically with densitometry of the negatives or
      photoelectrically. Current capability permits analysis of about 10(-8) to 10(-10)
      g of tissue, with detection limits of 10-12 to 10-15 g of element. Groups of
      elements can be simultaneously analyzed. Minimum sample preparation is required,
      and the analysis is done on the stage of a light microscope, usually on an air
      dried sample on a plastic slide. We exemplify the technique in analysis of gold
      in cultured fibroblasts treated with gold salts and in human skin after treatment
      with gold salts for rheumatoid arthritis, in element changes in biopsies of
      transplanted human hearts, and in unique profiles of groups of elements in human
      cancer tissue.

PMID- 168003
TI  - Application of electron spin resonance to determination of serum drug
      concentrations.
AB  - Displacement of spin-labeled drugs from drug-specific antibodies in human serum
      can be measured by use of electron spin resonance. This "spin immunoassay" has
      advantages of speed, simplicity, and small volume requirements over other
      standard techniques such as gas-liquid, liquid-liquid, or thin-layer
      chromatography. Unlike radioimmunoassay, there is no need to separate free and
      bound label and there are no radiation hazards. We present clinical and
      experimental data showing how this method can be applied to the routine
      determination of morphine and diphenylhydantoin concentrations in serum.

PMID- 168004
TI  - Comments on the quantitation of lipoproteins by agarose-gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 168006
TI  - The effect of heparin on serum lipoprotein-X.
AB  - Serum lipoprotein-X was investigated in 12 patients with cholestasis in basal
      conditions and 20 minutes after intravenous heparin. In all cases, lipoprotein-X
      was positive in the first sample and became negative after heparin. A decrease in
      triglycerides was observed in all patients after heparin with an increase in free
      fatty acids and mobilization of prebetalipoproteins, and a transformation of
      lecithin into lysoleithin in 4 cases after heparin. These facts suggest that
      heparin plays an important role in the mobilization of serum lipoprotein-X.

PMID- 168005
TI  - Evaluation of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in normal Chinese. The influence
      of dietary habit, body weight, exercise and a familial record of coronary heart
      disease.
AB  - The effects of dietary habit, body weight, physical activity and a familial
      record of coronary heart disease on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in Chinese
      were examined. Increased dietary preference for animal meat products was
      associated with increased serum cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein levels.
      Increased carbohydrate intake and overweight were associated with increased serum
      triglyceride and pre-beta-lipoprotein levels. A familial record of coronary heart
      disease was associated with increased serum total lipid and pre-beta-lipoprotein
      levels. Based on these results, the factors which influence the serum lipid and
      lipoprotein concentrations in Chinese are probably similar to those in other
      ethnic groups.

PMID- 168007
TI  - "Sinking" lipoprotein in normal, hyperlipoproteinaemic and atherosclerotic
      patients.
AB  - The presence of a "sinking" lipoprotein (SLP), demonstrated by combining
      electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal methods, has been recorded in 13.6% of 44
      normal subjects, in 62.2% of 37 hyperlipoproteinaemic patients with types IIA,
      IIB and IV and in 39.8% of 107 atherosclerotic patients. The recorded data
      suggest that the "sinking" lipoprotein may be related to human atherosclerosis
      and to hyperipoproteinaemic states. A pre-beta (S band in the fraction with
      density greater than 1.006 appeared in 2 out of 20 subjects receiving as
      isocaloric hyperglucidic diet (CHO, 80; F, 5;P, 15) for 8 days and in 3 out of 10
      subjects receiving an acute ethanol oral load. The nature of the nutritionally
      determined lipoprotein is doubtful. It seems improbable that the newly
      synthetized lipoprotein is the "true" sinking lipoprotein as this considered to
      be a genetically determined marker. These data may signify that other "sinking"
      lipoproteins unrelated to LP-Berg system may exist or may be determined. It is
      also probable that the new synthetized lipoprotein may have some relationship
      with the "intermediate" lipoprotein.

PMID- 168008
TI  - The biochemical composition and metabolism of lipoproteins in type V
      hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - The biochemical composition of lipoproteins in Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia was
      investigated with special reference to apolipoprotein-B. The in vivo metabolism
      of protein-labelled low density lipoprotein was also studied in five such
      patients (3 diabetic, 2 obese subjects). In association with pathologically
      elevated plasma levels of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins, low
      density lipoprotein concentration was significantly reduced. The proportions of
      triglyceride to apo-B and triglyceride to cholesterol were significantly
      increased in all lipoprotein classes, while the proportion of cholesterol to apo
      B was significantly reduced. Disappearance of chylomicronaemia with treatment was
      associated with a prompt increase in low density lipoprotein concentration. The
      reduced low density lipoprotein concentration was accompanied by an accelerated
      fractional turnover rate, and by an absolute turnover rate which was subnormal.
      These results were interpreted as reduced synthesis of low density lipoprotein
      apoprotein and as a possible block in the conversion of very low density
      lipoprotein to low density lipoprotein in some Type V patients.

PMID- 168010
TI  - Isolation of Wilms' tumor antigens by chelation.
AB  - A procedure for ethylenediaminetetraacetate extraction of minced Wilm's tumor was
      assessed as a method for isolating Wilm's tumor antigens. An antigen was detected
      by immunodiffusion using an adsorbed antiserum to this extract. This antigen was
      also found in ethylenediaminetetraacetate extracts of in vitro cultures of
      nephroblastoma cells.

PMID- 168009
TI  - Determination of human low density lipoprotein apoproteins (apo-ldl) by the 
      Lowry procedure: standardisation and effect of sodium chloride.

PMID- 168011
TI  - A reinvestigation of the alkylation of 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin.

PMID- 168012
TI  - Plasma apolipoprotein A levels in healthy human adults.
AB  - The apolipoprotein A concentration in the plasma of ten healthy human subjects
      was measured immunologically on three occasions at monthly intervals and the
      following results recorded. 1. There was no difference between fasting and non
      fasting apoprotein A concentrations. 2. Apoliportein A levels were higher in
      females than in males (p less than 0.001). 3. The correlation coefficient
      calculated for high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A was
      0.62. 4. The apoprotein values varied widely between subjects and ther were
      considerable concentration differences from month to month in the plasma of each
      individual.

PMID- 168013
TI  - Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Similar serum lipoprotein abnormalities have been demonstrated in
      hyperlipoproteinemia type III and hypothyroidism. In this study the levels of
      thyroid-stimulating hormone in serum were determined in clinically euthyroid
      patients with different types of hyperlipoproteinemias and in subjects with a
      normal lipoprotein pattern. The mean value for thyroid-stimulating hormone was
      significantly higher in the group with hyperlipoproteinemia type III than in
      normal controls (p smaller than 0.01) and in the group with hyperlipoproteinemia
      type II A (p smaller than 0.02). The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone were
      positively correlated to the triglyceride and cholesterol concentration in the
      very low density lipoprotein fraction and the ""III-index''.

PMID- 168014
TI  - [Progress in the study of hypothalamic hormones].

PMID- 168015
TI  - [CRF].

PMID- 168016
TI  - [Experimental study of ACTH radioimmunoassay and its clinical application].

PMID- 168017
TI  - [TRH-progress in experimental and clinical studies].

PMID- 168018
TI  - [Vitamin-D-resistant pseudo-hypoparathyroidism--a case study].

PMID- 168019
TI  - [Non-responsiveness to ACTH--a case study].

PMID- 168020
TI  - [Cushing's syndrome caused by ACTH-producing carcinoid tumor originating in the
      duodenum].

PMID- 168021
TI  - [Action mechanism of progesterone from the biochemical viewpoint].

PMID- 168022
TI  - A dominant syndrome of metacarpal and metatarsal asymmetry with tarsal and carpal
      fusions, syndactyly, articular dysplasia and platyspondyly.
AB  - A mother and daughter with metacarpal and metatarsal asymmetry, tarsal and carpal
      fusions, long bone articular dysplasia and platyspondyly are reported as a
      possible autosomal dominant syndrome affecting skeletal development. The
      asymmetry of the second metacarpals is perhaps the most striking finding and
      resulted in a range of bone lengths in the two individuals from minus 6.3 to plus
      3.7 standard deviations from the mean.

PMID- 168023
TI  - Stimulation by angiotensin II of the release of vasopressin from incubated rat
      neurohypophyses---possible involvement of cyclic AMP.
AB  - 1. Calcium did not influence the spontaneous release of vasopressin from rat
      neurohypophyses in vitro when used in concentrations of 0.05, 0.5 and 2.8 mM in
      the bathing medium. 2. Stimulation of the basal output of vasopressin by
      angiotensin II (1 X 10(-9) M) required at least 0.5 mM calcium in the medium. 3.
      Angiotensin II stimulated the release of vasopressin within 2.5 min of
      incubation, maximal release was observed after 10 min. 4. Angiotensin II rapidly
      promoted the accumulation of tissue cyclic AMP; maximal accumulation was observed
      after 5 min of incubation. 5. Theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP produced
      varying degree of stimulation of the release of vasopressin. 6. Increases in
      vasopressin secretion and in the accumulation of cyclic AMP were always present
      when neurohypophyses were exposed to optiman concentrations of angiotensin II.
      The results presented suggested that cyclic AMP may be an intermediate step for
      the release of vasopressin by endogenous angiotensin II.

PMID- 168024
TI  - Structural requirements for angiotensin analogues to accumulate cyclic AMP and
      release vasopressin from the incubated rat neurohypophysis.
AB  - 1. Angiotensin I, a decapeptide, stimulated the accumulation of cyclic 3',5'-AMP
      (cyclic AMP) and the release of vasopressin from incubated rat neurohypophyses.
      2. Various octapeptides related to angiotensin II were capable of producing
      similar neurohypophyseal effects. 3. Longer incubation periods were needed with
      peptides having alterations or omission (e.g. heptapeptide 2-8) at position 1 of
      the parent molecule to evoke similar effects to those of angiotensin II. 4. Our
      results suggest strongly that physiological doses of angiotensin-related
      molecules stimulate the secretion of vasopressin through cyclic AMP, and that the
      neurohypophyseal receptor responsible for these effects is similar to that
      involved in their peripheral actions.

PMID- 168025
TI  - The value of the external carotid circulation in the assessment of intracranial
      disease.
AB  - The external carotid circulation often contributes a vascular supply in
      intracranial disease. Adequate radiological evaluation of this circulation is
      important and may alter the surgical management in these patients.

PMID- 168026
TI  - Relation of intracellular K+ and steroidogenesis in isolated adrenal zona
      glomerulosa and fasciculata cells.
AB  - 1. Intracellular K+ content, water spaces and corticosterone output were measured
      in isolated zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata-reticularis cell suspensions of
      rat adrenal cortex, after incubation in vitro under conditions designed to alter
      steroidogenesis. 2. Intracellular K+ of unpurified zona glomerulosa cells was not
      altered after stimulation of corticosterone output with serotonin. Similarly,
      with zona glomerulosa cells purified by unit gravity sedimentation, no change in
      intracellular K+ was detected after stimulation of steroidogenesis with serotonin
      or angiotensin II. 3. In high-potassium medium (final concentration 8.4 mmol/1),
      parallel increases in intracellular K+ and corticosterone output were observed
      with both purified zona glomerulosa cells. However, a similar increase in
      intracellular K+ also occurred in high-potassium medium with zona fasciculata
      cells, whose steroid output is unresponsive to external potassium concentration
      ([K+]). 4. Ouabain at 10(-5) mol/1 depressed the intracellular [K+] of
      glomerulosa cells but did not alter basal or stimulated corticosterone output.
      Similar results were obtained with fasciculata cells. 5. Ouabain at 5 times 10(
      4) mol/1 further depressed intracellular [K-+] of glomerulosa cells and inhibited
      basal and stimulated corticosterone output. However, this concentration of
      ouabain also inhibited steroidogenesis in fasciculata cells. 6. These results
      demonstrate a variety of situations where changes in intracellular [K+] are
      dissociated from those in corticosterone output and indicate that intracellular
      [K+] cannot be the sole mechanism regulating steroidogenesis under these
      conditions.

PMID- 168027
TI  - Mobilizing in response to a major disaster.
AB  - In an attempt to meet the emergency needs of a major disaster in what some have
      termed "the greatest natural disaster in American history," the National
      Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) responded immediately by dispatching a mental
      health team to Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, to examine and deal with the mental
      health needs of flood survivors. After conferring with local mental health
      workers and rescue officials, the team concluded that there would be long-term
      psychiatric sequelae of the flood and that NIMH would have a useful and important
      role in dealing with them. The team made its report to the Director of NIMH, Dr.
      Bertram S. Brown, who then assigned his executive assistant, K. Patrick Okura,
      the task of fleshing out the present mental health program of the area and
      finding out how NIMH resources could best be put to use in meeting the crisis.
      The NIMH program, in keeping with its tradition, consisted of three parts:
      service, training, and evaluation. Within a 30-day period a proposal requesting
      frunds for a year-long program of mental health services to the residents of the
      flood-affected area was approved and launched. This article describes "Operation
      Outreach," as the program was called.

PMID- 168028
TI  - Distribution of collagenolytic enzyme activity among snake venoms.

PMID- 168029
TI  - Red cell enzymes--II. Enzyme activities in the red blood cells of high and low
      potassium sheep.

PMID- 168030
TI  - Red cell enzymes--III. Enzyme activities in the red blood cells of different
      breeds of sheep.

PMID- 168031
TI  - Complete Kluver-Bucy syndrome in man.
AB  - A 22 year old right-handed man suffered a viral meningoencephalitis, possibly
      herpetic, resulting in bilateral damage to the temporal lobes as confirmed by
      appropriate clinical, electrophysiological and neuroradiological studies.
      Extended clinical neuropsychological evaluation documented all the characteristic
      features of the syndrome described by Kluver and Bucy following bilateral
      ablation of the temporal lobes in adult Rhesus monkeys, including "psychic
      blindness," oral exploration, hypermetamorphic impulse to action," lack of
      emotional responsiveness, aberrant sexual behavior, and an insatiable appetite.
      Additionally, a  severe Wernicke's aphasia and a profound memory disorder were
      evident. The significance of these features as regards limbic function in the
      human is discussed.

PMID- 168032
TI  - Multinuclide evaluation of hepatic mass lesions.
AB  - Radionuclide imaging with labeled colloids is widely used to evaluate and
      localize primary and metastatic tumors of the liver. The method is fairly
      sensitive, but the nonspecificity of focal defects remains a significant
      limitation. Lesions such as cysts and abscesses appear as space occupying areas
      that are indistinguishable from neoplastic masses. Utilizing a variety of
      radiopharmaceuticals, one may obtain additional information concerning such
      lesions. Hepatic blood flow scintiphotography is performed with the Anger camera
      following the intravenous injection of a high activity, small volume bolus of 99m
      Tc pertechnetate. Vascular lesions such as hepatomas or hemangiomas will show
      increased activity in the lesion which should easily differentiate them from
      avascular processes such as abscesses, cirrhotic pseudomasses and most metastatic
      lesions, all of which remain "cold" on these flow studies. If one does not posses
      a camera, useful blood pool rectilinear scans of these lesions may be obtained
      with 131-I or 99m-Tc human serum albumin or ionic 113m-In. Additional information
      concerning the metabolic activity of focal defects on the colloid study is
      obtained using 75-Se-selenomethionine or 67-Ga. The former is an indicator of
      active protein metabolism while the latter attaches to lysozymes of metabolically
      active cells. With either agent, hepatomas show avid uptake, metastatic lesions
      show variable uptake, and cysts or chronic pseudotumors of cirrhosis show poor
      uptake. The two agents differ in abscess detection where 75-Se-selenomethionine
      uptake is poor while 67-Ga concentration generally is intense. 131-I-Rose Bengal
      occasionally may prove useful in demonstrating impression by an atypically
      positioned gallbladder or focal dilatation of the biliary tract as a cause of a
      defect on the colloid scan. Ultrasound examination may complement the
      radionuclide studies. It is useful for corroborating the presence of lesions and
      for evaluating their consistency (cystic vs. solid). The information obtained
      from this multinuclide approach has made scintigraphy examination of the
      livermore specific. After the completion of this non-invasive series of studies,
      one generally may venture an intelligent opinion concerning the etiology of the
      space occupying disease.

PMID- 168033
TI  - Critical review of tomography in radiology and nuclear medicine.
AB  - This review covers conventional radiographic tomography, radioisotopic
      tomography, and a review of computerized transaxial tomography. Simple,
      reproducible radiographic tomographic methods are increasing in use, and despite
      their complexity, the diagnostic results are superior to conventional
      radiographs. There are many different motions of the X-ray tube and the film
      which can be employed to create a tomogram. The perfect tomographic motion is
      partly determined by the geometric shape of the object to be imaged and the
      thickness of the plane of interest. The undirectional tomographic method blurs a
      point in a linear fashion; the pleuridirectional method blurs a point over a
      wider surface. Among the most popular directions used are linear, circular,
      elliptical, and hypocycloidal. The numerous applications of tomography described
      in this review are an encouraging, broad-based foundation from which the most
      clinically useful and economically feasible devices will emerge.

PMID- 168034
TI  - Comparison of 85Sr, 87mSr, 18F, and 99mTc-labeled phosphates for bone scanning.
AB  - The observation by Subramanian and his co-workers that a 99mTc-labeled
      polyphosphate had excellent affinity for bone has led to widespread use of 99mTc
      labeled phosphates as bone scanning agents. Initially, only polyphosphate was
      employed, but because of somewhat inconstant results and difficulty in
      preparation of this product, other phosphate compounds were sought. We soon
      discovered that an inorganic compound, pyrophosphate, appeared to have certain
      advantages over polyphosphate. Other workers formulated diphosphonates (organic
      phosphates) which also demonstrated advantages over polyphosphates. Comparison
      studies in rabbits utilizing 85Sr, 87mSr, 18F, and several phosphates (inorganic
      and organic) proved the 99mTc-labeled phosphates to be clearly superior in
      delineating normal skeletal anatomy. Studies in humans confirmed that excellent
      visualization of bone was obtained with 99mTc-labeled phosphates using either a
      gamma camera or a rectilinear scanner. What was not known, however, was just how
      reliable this class of agents would prove to be in detecting bone disease when
      compared to bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals such as 85Sr, 87mSr, and 18F.
      Further comparative analyses have clearly demonstrated that both inorganic and
      organic 99mTc phosphate complexes are extremely sensitive in revealing more bone
      disease than the older bone scanning agents.

PMID- 168035
TI  - Biochemical anomalies of the nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - The nephrotic syndrome is the only hypoalbuminaemic state frequently associated
      with hyperlipidaemia. In the presence of a negative nitrogen balance,
      hyperlipidaemia is metabolically inappropriate and reflects the result of
      persistent breakaway from free fatty acid control. This lipid abnormality may
      result in the premature development of ischaemic heart disease in patients in
      whom it is not possible to control the primary renal abnormality. The authors
      suggest that future work should be directed towards thyroxine and insulin
      metabolism in nephrotic states.

PMID- 168036
TI  - Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy: Techniques and results of biopsy in 600
      patients.
AB  - Six hundred patients underwent diagnostic flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB).
      The two diseases most frequently encountered were bronchogenic carcinoma in 330
      patients (55 percent) and bacterial infection in 94 (16 percent). A positive
      cytology on biopsy material was obtained in 279 of 330 patients (85 percent) with
      primary lung cancer. Fluoroscopy was a valuable aid in diagnosing bronchogenic
      carcinoma, since 42 percent of the tumors were not visible endoscopically and
      required fluoroscopic control for placement of the biopsy instrument. Of the 55
      patients with hemoptysis and negative chest x-ray films, nine (15 percent) had
      fiberoptically visible endobronchial carcinomas! In addition, two patients with
      carcinoma of the larynx and one with carcinoma of the nasopharynx were
      discovered. Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) in 68 patinets with diffuse and localized
      disease achieved an overall 69 percent diagnostic success, including a correct
      diagnosis in each of four patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Brush
      biopsy provided additional valuable laboratory data in bacterial, mycobacterial
      and cytomegalovirsu infectious but had a poor yield in Pneumocystis infection.
      Complications as a result of forceps biopsy were minimal, except for brisk
      bleeding in six patients.

PMID- 168037
TI  - Myocardial and plasma levels of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate. Studies in
      experimental myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Alterations in myocardial and plasma levels of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate
      (cyclic AMP) were studied following clamping of the aorta or coronary artery
      occlusion in 30 dogs. Plasma cyclic APM levels increased markedly after
      thoracotomy but returned to control levels two hours later. Complete arrest of
      aortic flow (clamping) induced a significant early increase in the myocardial
      cyclic AMP levels of all animals studied. No increase was noted following
      pretreatment with propranolol or sham-occlusion. After localized coronary
      occlusion, only modest and insignificant changes occurred in plasma cyclic AMP
      levels in anesthetized animals and also in conscious dogs. The present study
      suggests that adrenergically mediated changes in tissue cyclic AMP content are an
      early manifestation of both generalized and local myocardial ischemia, while the
      plasma cyclic AMP level is a relatively insensitive indicator of small coronary
      occlusions.

PMID- 168038
TI  - The current status of prostaglandins and the lungs.
AB  - The prostaglandins are a group of pharmacologically potent lipid compounds whose
      role in pulmonary pathophysiology remains to be defined. There is not question
      that these compounds can induce constriction (PGF) or relaxation (PGE) of the
      smooth muscle in bronchi and pulmonary vessels. There is no question that the
      lungs are a major site of both the synthesis and degradation. These facts make
      speculation about the role of the prostaglandins in pulmonary disorders a
      tempting exercise. However, the current paucity of clinical data prevents any
      valid assessment of such speculation at this time and emphasizes the need for
      continued investigation of the role of prostaglandins in patients with lung
      disease.

PMID- 168039
TI  - Asymptomatic pulmonary granular cell tumor presenting as a coin lesion.
AB  - Granular cell tumor is a rare, usually benign neoplasm of neurogenic origin first
      described in 1926. Only 46 lesions, including the present case, of the 500
      reported cases of this tumor, originated within the tracheobronchial tree. The
      case reported here is distinctly unusual because of its asymptomatic presentation
      as a coin lesion on chest roentgenogram. Electron microscopic examination of the
      tumor is presented.

PMID- 168040
TI  - Antibacterial activity of tobramycin against gram-negative bacteria and the
      combination of ampicillin/tobramycin against E. coli.
AB  - The antibacterial activity of tobramycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, cloxacillin,
      kanamycin, cephalexin, penicillin, carbenicillin and polymyxin were compared
      against 303 clinical bacterial isolates from a pediatric hospital patient
      population. Standard disk diffusion and agar-dilution methods were employed.
      Significant activity was demonstrated for tobramycin against pseudomonas,
      Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and both Staphylococcus aureus and albus; Tobramycin
      was significantly more active against Pseudomonas than gentamicin or the other
      antibiotics testedmcomparable activity to gentamicin was present for the other
      types of bacteria; Cross-resistance was not encountered between tobramycin and
      gentamicin. 30 isolates of E. coli were tested against the combination of
      tobramycin and ampicillin by the growth-curve method. Synergism was demonstrated
      in 4 isolates, antagonism in 1 and an additive effect in 25. A bactericidal
      effect was present at 24h against 17 isolates with tobramycin alone and against
      25 isolates when combined with ampicillin. These results provide in vitro
      rationale for the consideration of tobramycin for clinical use in patients with
      Psuedomonas infections for the combination of ampicillin and tobramycin for the
      treatment of selected E.coli infections.

PMID- 168041
TI  - [Endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis and thereapy].

PMID- 168042
TI  - [Verner-Morrison syndrome].
AB  - Based on one case the Verner-Morrison-syndrome is demonstrated and discussed in
      detail. Clinically profuse watery diarrhea and severe hypokalemia are
      predominant. The pathogenesis is not quite clear. Curative therapy consists in
      radical surgical removal of the endocrinologically active tumores or diffuse
      hyperplasia.

PMID- 168044
TI  - Energy utilization for control.
AB  - When, on addition of a suitable substrate, a chemical potential is applied to an
      enzymic process such as glycolysis or respiration, whether in solution or
      membrane-bound, all components of the process pass into a nonequilibrium state,
      which might be steady or non-steady and which produces the following phenomena:
      (1) The reactants of each enzymic reaction are displaced from their equilibrium
      concentration, and energy is dissipated; (2) Part of each enzyme is transferred
      to a transition state of its catalytic function as well as isosteric and
      allosteric controlling functions, displaying local and gross conformation
      changes, and a rate-controlling state is generated; (3) In cyclic portions of a
      process futile events and chemical interconversion may occur; (4) In self- and
      cross-coupled portions of a process, oscillation with periodic changes of states
      and spatial propagation as well as instabilities may be observed; (5) At each
      step of a process, depending on the rate of flux and the specific enzymic
      function, a varying proportion of the free energy changes--which are
      concentration-dependent and derived from the overall potential of the system-is
      contributed to the control of flux rates. This will be exemplified for enzymes of
      bioenergetic pathways.

PMID- 168043
TI  - Protein phosphorylation and metabolic control.
AB  - The regulation of enzyme activity through the phosphorylation and
      dephosphorylation of specific seryl or threonyl residues in enzymes is now
      recognized as an important control mechanism. A great many non-enzymic proteins
      may also be interconverted between phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms,
      but in these instances the function served by phosphorylation is not well
      understood. This lack of understanding is probably due to our lack of knowledge
      of the specialized actions of most non-enzymic proteins. The sequences of
      phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins are, of necessity, subject to
      rigid control. If this were not so, the ATP supply of a cell would be rapidly
      depleted. Moreover, such processes must be regulated for metabolic
      interconversions to have a physiological regulatory role. For the best studied
      system, the interconversion of phosphorylase b and phosphorylase a, many
      different factors controlling the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation steps
      have been elucidated. Probably this process is constrained so that it uses only a
      little energy. In this paper, these constraints are examined.

PMID- 168045
TI  - Energy transformation in biological systems: general discussion.

PMID- 168047
TI  - [Surface potential of cytochrome phospholipid monolayers at the electrolyte-air
      interface].

PMID- 168046
TI  - Magnetic resonance studies of specificity in binding and catalysis of
      phosphotransferases.
AB  - Two common characteristics of the active site structures of intermediate
      complexes formed in kinase reactions have been observed by magnetic resonance
      techniques. First, in creatine, arginine, adenylate and pyruvate kinases
      (EC2.73.2, 2.7.3.3, 2.7.4.3 and 2.7.1.40, respectively) water is progressively
      excluded and the structure at the active site is progressively immobilized as
      each reactant is successively added to the enzyme, as monitored by electron spin
      resonance (e.s.r) and the enhancement of the proton relaxation rate of water
      (PRR) due to paramagnetic manganese(II) probe. Significant, and often wide
      spread, changes in the protein conformation accompanying successive additions of
      reaction components are shown with 1H n.m.r. studies of pyruvate kinase. The
      second characteristic is that, for the ternary enzyme-Mn-nucleotide complexes,
      two parameters, the e.s.r. spectrum and PRR enhancement values, fall within a
      range of 10% for all enzymes investigated, with the exception of bovine brain
      creatine kinase. These similarities suggest a homology in teriary structure at
      the active sites of these enzymes. An unsuspected aspect of substrate and
      cofactor specificity has been revealed by e.s.r. spectroscopy of the
      manganese(II) complexes of the transition-state analogue of creatine kinase (E
      MnADP-formate-creatine) and of the ternary phosphoenolpyruvate complex. In the
      former case, replacement of ADP, the normal substrate, by its substrate analogues
      IDP or 2acute-deoxyadenosine diphosphate produced two interconvertible species of
      the transition-state analogue complexes, observed in the e.s.r. spectra as an
      isotropic species and a highly anisotropic species. With the normal substrate,
      only the anisotropic species is observed. Similarly, in the case of the complex
      pyruvate kinase-Mn-phosphoenolpyruvate, when the normal monovalent activator K+
      is replaced by the inert tetramethylammonium ion, again two interconvertible
      species rather than the normal one species are observed by e.s.r. spectroscopy.
      The implications of these phenomena for the relation of specificity to catalytic
      efficiency are discussed.

PMID- 168048
TI  - [Role of phosphoinositides in regulating ionic permeability in nerve fibers].

PMID- 168049
TI  - [RNA synthesis in mitochondrial fractions].

PMID- 168051
TI  - [Acute polyneuropathy caused by diphenylhydantoin intoxication (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In a 34-year-old epileptic male who had been treated for more than ten years with
      an average of 300 mg diphenylhydantoin and 200-300 mg phenobarbitone daily severe
      status  epilepticus occurred which could only be controlled with high doses of
      diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbitone intravenously. During this treatment a
      severe mainly motor polyneuropathy occurred acutely which was more pronounced in
      the distal parts of the legs, and cerebellar symptoms were noted at the same
      time. The neuropathy largely regressed during the following year whereas the
      cerebellar symptoms persisted. There is evidence for direct toxic damage of
      peripheral nerves due to diphenylhydantoin. Phenobarbitone in high doses inhibits
      degradation of diphenylhydantoin competively. In this patient it very likely
      contributed towards the development of sever intoxication leading to neurological
      defects.

PMID- 168050
TI  - [Increased cAMP concentration in parotid secretion in arterial hypertension:
      relationship to plasma-renin activity (author's transl)].
AB  - Hypertensives with normal and increased plasma-renin activity have an increased
      salivary excretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) such as can be
      obtained in normal persons by stimulation of beta-adrenergic fibres. Propanolol,
      as a beta-receptor blocker, reduces such increased cAMP levels in hypertensives
      to minimal levels. The results suggest that beta-receptors are stimulated in
      hypertensives with normal or increased renin activity.

PMID- 168053
TI  - [Clinico-pathological conference XXII. Acute anicteric liver disease in a young
      male].

PMID- 168052
TI  - [Serum lipid-lowering drugs following myocardial infarction].

PMID- 168054
TI  - The physicochemical properties of the cytoplasmic androgen receptor in the
      kidneys of normal, carrier female (tfm/+) and androgen-insensitive (tfm/y) mice.
AB  - The physicochemical properties of the androgen-receptor complex in mouse kidney
      were determined. The sedimentation coefficient, 7.9S and Stokes radius of 82A,
      are compatible with an asymmetric protein [frictional ratio f/fo 1.98; axial
      ratio, assuming a prolate ellipsoid, 20] having a molecular weight of 270,000
      daltons. The kidney receptor is a relatively acidic protein of esoelectric point
      (pI) 4.8 and readily precipitable with protamine sulfate or ammonium sulfate.
      Studies with protein-specific reagents suggest that both cysteine and tryptophan
      residues may be necessary for maintaining the functional configuration associated
      with androgen binding. The kidney receptor can promote the association of
      testosterone with purified DNA. These properties of the androgen receptor in
      mouse kidney are remarkably similar to those of male accessory sexual tissue. The
      receptor detected in carrier female mice (tfm/+ heterozygous for the gene for
      testicular feminization (tfm), has the same physical properties as that of normal
      mice. However, due to a decrease in receptor concentration, binding activity is
      only 69% that of normal. In cytosol from androgen-insensitive mice (tfm/+), a
      specific androgen receptor cannot be demonstrated by 5 different techniques.

PMID- 168056
TI  - Adrenal cells in tissue culture the effects of choleragen and ACTH on steroid and
      cyclic-AMP metabolism.
AB  - Primary cultures of mouse adrenocortical tumors provide a sensitive system for
      investigating the effects of the enterotoxin of the V. cholerae (choleragen) on
      cyclic-AMP metabolism in the intact cell. Like ACTH, the toxin stimulates the
      synthesis and release of steroids from these cells but its mode of action differs
      from that of ACTH. The steroidogenic response to ACTH is immediate and of limited
      duration. The initial rate of steroidogenesis is the highest. In contrast, the
      steroidogenic response to choleragen is preceded by a 30-240 minute lag period
      which is inversely related to the concentration of the toxin. Whereas
      prolongation of the response to a single dose of ACTH requires hormone
      concentrations above those producing maximal initial steroidogenic activity,
      persistent steroidogenesis is induced at all levels of the toxin. Steroidogenic
      responses are detectable with 10 pg/ml of choleragen or less. The respective
      effects of ACTH and choleragen on cyclic-AMP synthesis and release into the
      medium parallel those on steroidogenesis. Intracellular cyclic-AMP levels in ACTH
      treated cells reach a peak within 20-30 minutes and decline to normal levels
      within 2-4 hours. In choleragen-treated cells, after the lage period, the levels
      of intracellular cyclic-AMP remain above control levels indefinitely. The effects
      of ACTH and choleragen on cyclic-AMP biosynthesis are additive at all levels of
      the two compounds. The effects of choleragen are blocked by prior treatment of
      the toxin with a five-fold molar excess of ganglioside GM1, a presumed
      constituent of the toxin-binding site.

PMID- 168055
TI  - Guanidination of ovine luteinizing hormone and effects on activity.
AB  - The free amino groups in oLH, oLHalpha and oLHbeta were guanidinated by O
      methylisourea. The epsilon-NH2 groups of lysine residues reacted bo substitute
      these positions in the sequence with the more basic homoarginine residue. The
      alpha-NH2 groups did not react under the conditions used. Guanidinated oLH or the
      products of guanidinated oLHalpha + native oLHbeta or guanidinated oLHalpha +
      guanidinated oLHbeta were inactive in two bioassay systems. Native oLHalpha +
      guanidinated oLHbeta, however, showed potencies of 39% to 55% of that observed
      with the native subunit recombinant or native oLH. Possible structural
      implications for hormone-receptor site interactions are discussed.

PMID- 168057
TI  - Lipolytic action of human chorionic somatomammotropin.
AB  - Human chorionic somatomammotropin extracted and purified from placenta at term
      was proved to have a lipolytic action in the epididymal fat pad of rats. The
      following mechanism appears to be involved in the lipolytic action of the
      hormone; human chorionic somatomammotropin activates adenyl cyclase, thereby
      increasing the concentration of cyclic AMP in the tissue, which, in turn,
      activates protein kinase to lead to the activation of hormone sensitive lipase.

PMID- 168058
TI  - The effects of cyclic AMP, theophylline, angiotensin II and electrolytes upon
      renin release from rat kidney slices.
AB  - The effects of cyclic AMP, theophylline, angiotensin II and electrolytes upon
      renin release were examined by incubation of rat kidney slices.  Angiotensin
      inhibited renin release with increasing concentrations.  On the other hand,
      cyclic AMP and theophylline stimulated it.  Calcium also seemed to play an
      important role in the control of renin release from kidney slices.  However, the
      direct effects of sodium and potassium upon renin release were not conspicuous.

PMID- 168059
TI  - A case report of Turner's syndrome with ring X chromosome.
AB  - A case of Turner's syndrome with short stature and 45, XO/46, XXr mosaicism in
      chromosome study was presented. With special emphasis on endocrinological study,
      the size of the breasts was normal in contrast to the poor development of the
      breasts in most of types of Turner's syndrome. She showed normal thyroid
      function, slightly low level of urinary 17-OHCS, decreased 17-KS, poor response
      in metopirone test and poor response of HGH to insulin.

PMID- 168060
TI  - Qualitative abnormality of insulin secretion in a case with insulinoma.
AB  - We have presented here a case of atypical insulinoma.  Despite the recurrent
      episodes of hypoglycemic symptoms, the plasma level of insulin has never been
      excessive at fasting or by regular provocative tests.  Detailed examination had
      demonstrated qualitative abnormality of insulin secretion.  Hyposuppressibility
      of insulin secretion by hypoglycemia, borderline diabetic curve of glucose
      tolerance test, blunted response ot insulin to glucagon and leucine were the
      principle characteristics of these abnormalities.  After removal of adenoma,
      insulin response to glucose, glucagon and leucine was improved.  Only secretion
      provoked a high level of insulin and this abnormal elevation was no longer seen
      after the removal of adenoma.  A removed elevation was no longer seen after the
      removal of adenoma.  A removed insulinoma contained 25 U of immunoreactive
      insulin per gram tissue, but was negative for aldehyde-fuchsin staining.  On
      electromicroscopy only atypical beta-cell granules were seen.

PMID- 168062
TI  - Reserpine induced changes in the estradiol uptake by the pituitary and the uterus
      in ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Reserpine treatment produced a marked decrease of the in vitro binding of
      estradiol to the nuclear fraction of the uterus. A similar observation was made
      when reserpine was given into the incubation medium of uterine tissue. In
      contrast to these findings both in vitro and in vivo reserpine administration
      resulted in an increase of the estradiol binding to the nuclear fraction of the
      anterior pituitary in ovariectomized rats. The binding capacity of cytosol
      fraction after reserpine administration did not show significant alterations. In
      addition to these observations it is worth to mention that reserpine treatment
      resulted in a significant decrease of the estradiol-induced increase of uterus
      weight in ovariectomized rats.

PMID- 168061
TI  - A case of acromegaly improved by pituitary apoplexy.
AB  - This report deals with a detailed course of one patient with acromegaly who had a
      pituitary apoplexy.  The pituitary apoplexy occurred suddenly 5 days after
      administration of a oral hypoglycemic agent, buformin, during hospitalization. 
      Immediately after the attack changes of the concentrations of several hormones
      such as serum growth-hormone, serum thyroid hormone and urinary 17
      hydroxycorticosteroids were followed until the development to hypopituitary
      state.  Simultaneously with the decrease of the concentrations of the above
      mentioned hormones, a regression of the physical manifestations of acromegaly and
      a complete amelioration of diabetes mellitus were observed.

PMID- 168063
TI  - Effects of temperature on interictal discharge at penicillin epileptogenic foci.
AB  - The effects of local brain temperature on acute focal penicillin epilepsy in the
      exposed hippocampus of cat were studied. Results from anesthetized and from
      immobilized, unanesthetized animals were compared. Over the temperature range 26
      to 43 degrees C (at the alveus), the interictal spike interval and duration of
      the spike discharge varied inversely with temperature. The former showed a Q10 of
      2.4 and the latter a Q10 of 1.5, with no difference due to type of preparation. A
      significant trans-hippocampal thermal gradient may imply that these values are
      underestimates by 20% or more. The low Q10 of duration of the paroxysmal
      discharge was consistent with the known temperature dependence of impulse
      conduction velocity of intracortical neural networks. The high Q10 of the
      interictal interval, on the other hand, was consistent with the view that some
      slow endogenous, perhaps metabolic factor such as a NA,K-ATPase modulated
      excitability at the focus of penicillin spikes.

PMID- 168064
TI  - Attempts to produce spike-and-wave complexes in the electrocorticogram of the
      rat.
AB  - The effects of several procedures for inducing spike-and-wave complexes in other
      experimental animals have been examined in the rat. Systemic convulsants,
      pentylenetetrazol, methionine sulfoximine and fluoroacetate, topical picrotoxin,
      and bilateral implants of cobalt produced the appearance of polyspike discharges
      in the ECoG. Topical application of conjugated estrogens to both frontal cortices
      elicited single spike-and-slow-wave complexes which did not repeat at 3 to 5 cps.
      These results suggest that the rat is not a suitable species for a detailed study
      of spike-and-wave production.

PMID- 168065
TI  - Chronic antiepileptic toxicity: a review.

PMID- 168067
TI  - Regulatory properties of purified 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - 3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-phosphoglycerate:NAD oxidoreductase, EC.
      1.1.1.95) was purified from Bacillus subtilis by conventional methods. The final
      preparation was homogeneous by electrophoretic analysis and had a sedimentation
      constant of 6.3 S. On the basis of gel filtration data the enzyme had a molecular
      weight of about 166000. The plot of velocity versus phosphoglycerate
      concentration was biphasic while similar plots for hydroxypyruvate phosphate and
      NADH were the conventional hyperbolic type. The enzyme was specifically inhibited
      by serine. The inhibition was time dependent, requiring several minutes
      incubation before a constant level of inhibition was achieved. Serine inhibition
      was of the "mixed type" with respect to 3-phosphoglycerate and Hill plots of
      these data had slopes that approached 2. Desensitization of the enzyme to serine
      inhibition was achieved by incubation in the absence of dithiothreitol. The
      desensitized enzyme was different from the native enzyme in fluoresence
      properties, sedimentation characteristics and in the absence of the biphasic
      phosphoglycerate saturation curve. Evidence was obtained for the participation of
      sulphydryl groups in the changes in protein structure responsible for serine
      inhibition as well as the dehydrogenase activity of the enzyme.

PMID- 168066
TI  - Oxidation of succinate in heart, brain, and kidney mitochondria in hypobaria and
      hypoxia.
AB  - Exposure of rats to hypobaric stress for periods of up to 36 h caused a
      consistent change in the succinate-NT reductase activity of the heart
      mitochondria whereas there was no significant change in the activities of either
      succinate dehydrogenase and succinate-NT reductase of the brain and the kidney.
      Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase of the heart, the brain and the kidney was
      activated 2- to 7-fold with the substrate and malonate. The activations obtained
      with oxalate, citrate and dinitrophenol were relatively lower in comparison to
      succinate and malonate. Benzohydroquinone and 2-nitrophenol had no stimulatory
      effect on the heart, the brain and the kidney mitochondria. THE ACTIVATIONS
      OBTAINED WITH THE VARIOUS EFFECTORS PARTIALLY (OR COMPLETELY IN THE CASE OF
      SUCCINATE) REVERSED ON WASHING THE MITOCHONDRIAL SAMPLES WITH THE SUCROSE
      HOMOGENIZING MEDIUM. The effect of ubiquinol, which also activated the enzyme,
      was only partially reversed after the second preincubation with succinate in the
      brain and the kidney whereas in the heart the activity was fully reversed. The
      increased activity of succinate dehydrogenase obtained with ATP and ADP was
      further enhanced by Mg2+ exclusively in the brain mitochondria, suggesting the
      possibility of Mg2+-AIP complex as the active species. Succinate-NT reductase of
      the heart, the brain and the kidney mitochondria showed a high activation with
      ubiquinone whereas its reduced form had no stimulatory effect.

PMID- 168068
TI  - Effects of triiodothyronine on rat-liver mitochondrial transcription process.
AB  - 1. In order to demonstrate that triiodothyronine affects mitochondrial RNA
      synthesis by acting on the enzyme component of the DNA. RNA polymerase complex,
      mitochondrial RNA polymerase from thyroidectomized and hormone-treated rats was
      purified up to a stage in which activity was dependent on the addition of
      exogenous template. In these conditions and using different DNAs as templates,
      the enzyme from hormone-treated animals displayed an activity about double that
      of the activity of thyroidectomized animals. 2. Measurements of stability of
      mitochondrial RNA synthesized in vitro suggest, however, that the hormone can act
      also at the template level in mitochondrial transcription: the RNA population
      synthesized in vitro from hormone-treated rats is indeed much more enriched in
      unstable, probably messenger, RNA species. 3. The turnover of mitochondrial
      messenger RNA is higher after hormone treatment. 4. Adenosine cyclic 3':5'
      monophosphate (cAMP) and its dibutyryl derivative added in vitro to mitochondria
      from thyroidectomized animals do not affect the incorporation of labeled
      precursor into mitochondrial RNA, suggesting that the level of the cyclic
      nucleotide in mitochondria is probably not involved in the hormone action. 5. It
      is concluded from these and previous studies that the thyroid hormone affects
      more than one parameter in the mitochondrial transcription process. The
      interrelationship between these events at molecular level remains, however, to be
      clarified.

PMID- 168069
TI  - Existence of two alternative pathways for fructose and sorbitol metabolism in
      Bacillus subtilis Marburg.
AB  - Strains of Bacillus subtilis mutated for fructose phosphotransferase system
      (fruA), fructose-1-phosphate kinase (fruB), fructokinase (frucC) have been tested
      for their catabolism of sorbitol and fructose. It is shown that the previously
      known pathways of sorbitol and fructose degradation in B. subtilis, e.g.: (see
      article) may metabolize intracellular fructose produced either by sorbitol
      oxidation or by fructose-1-phosphate dephosphorylation. The intracellular
      fructore degradation via fructose-1-phosphate kinase has been found to require
      the fructose phosphotransferase system which ensures a vectorial transport of
      fructose.

PMID- 168070
TI  - The mechanism of action of methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli.
      Inhibition by adenosine and 8-aminoadenosine of the amino-acid activation
      reaction.
AB  - Adenosine and 8-aminoadenosine, both competitive inhibitors of ATP-Mg2+ in the
      ATP-PPi exchange reaction catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase, are used to
      investigate the active center for methionyl-adenylate formation. Resolution of
      the kinetics parameters of the reaction indicates that methionine markedly
      enhances the affinity of the nucleosides for the enzyme, providing evidence for
      coupling between the sites for amino acid and the nucleoside moiety of ATP.
      Furthermore, occupation of both of these sites is a prerequisite for binding of
      pyrophosphate. Introduction of an amino group in position 8 of the adenine ring
      strongly increases the affinity constants for the nucleoside and for
      pyrophosphate in the coupled reactions described above.

PMID- 168071
TI  - Carbon catabolite repression in Aspergillos nidulans.

PMID- 168072
TI  - Chlorothricin, and inhibitor of porcine-heart malate dehydrogenases,
      discriminating between the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isoenzyme.
AB  - The macrolide-type antibiotic chlorothricin was found to inhibit both the
      mitochondrial and the cytoplasmic form of pig heart malate dehydrogenase. Steady
      state kinetic measurements revealed that in the direction of oxalacetate
      reduction chlorothricin is competitive with respect to NADH and non-competitive
      with respect to oxalacetate. Both the variation of initial velocity with NADH
      concentration in the presence of antibiotic, and, at several fixed levels of
      NADH, the variation of initial velocity with chlorothricin concentration deviates
      from the classical Michaelis-Menten relationship for the two isoenzymes. Since,
      despite the very similar kinetic behaviour of the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic
      species of malate dehydrogenase, the concentration of chlorothricin required for
      half-maximal inhibition of the two enzymes differs by more than a factor of 10
      (the mitochondrial isoenzyme being more susceptible to inhibition), it is
      concluded that the NADH binding sites of the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic form
      of malate dehydrogenase from pig heart are different.

PMID- 168073
TI  - Deterioration of rat-liver mitochondria during isopycnic centrifugation in an
      isoosmotic medium.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of the centrifugation speed on the behavior of
      rat-liver mitochondria during isopycnic centrifugation in an isoosmotic medium.
      The gradient was made with a macromolecular compound, glycogen dissolved in 0.25
      M aqueous sucrose. The distribution curves of several mitochondrial enzymes
      change when the centrifugation reaches a certain speed: they are shifted toward
      regions of lower density. The results are plausibly explained by supposing that
      the inner mitochondrial membrane becomes permeable to sucrose at high
      centrifugation speeds, and that the granules swell. The main causal agent of the
      phenomenon is the hydrostatic pressure the mitochondria are subjected to during
      centrifugation. Morphological observations show that mitochondria are markedly
      deteriorated when centrifuged at high speed in the glycogen gradient; they are
      swollen and the outer membrane is broken; also frequently, a large electron-dense
      granule is seen in the matrix near the inner mambrane.

PMID- 168074
TI  - Blocks in elongation and initiation of protein synthesis induced by interferon
      treatment in mouse L cells.
AB  - Synthesis of polypeptide chains coded by exogenous messenger RNAs is inhibited in
      cell-free extracts from interferon-treated mouse L cells, due to a "deficiency"
      in some specific tRNA species. A detailed analysis shows that polypeptide chain
      elongation is blocked and incomplete chains are formed. After a few minutes,
      however, initiation of new polypeptide chains is also blocked. Messenger RNA
      still binds to ribosomes but initiator Met-tRNA(FMET) binding is inhibited. The
      block in initiation appears to be secondary to the block in elongation.

PMID- 168075
TI  - Gylcerol-3-phosphate shuttle and its function in intermediary metabolism of
      hamster brown-adipose tissue.
AB  - 1. Brown adipose tissue of the hamster possesses high specific activities of
      soluble, cytoplasmic NAD-linked, as well as mitochondrial flavin-coupled,
      glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases. The ratio of the two enzyme activities is
      high (close to 1), when compared with other tissues of the hamster. 2. In the
      presence of rotenone, NADH is oxidised very poorly by homogenates of brown
      adipose tissue. A high rate of oxidation is obtained upon further addition of
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which itself is negligible oxidised. When followed
      fluorimetrically glycerol 3-phosphate can also be observed to induce NADH
      oxidation, but only after a significant lag time. Similar results are obtained
      with isolated mitochondria plus high-speed supernatant. With high-speed
      supernatant alone, only dihydroxyacetone phosphate has any effect, whereas with
      isolated mitochondria neither dihydroxyacetone phosphate nor glycerol 3-phosphate
      induce any NADH disappearance. 3. Respiration induced by NADH plus
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate in homogenates equals 56% of the respiration induced
      by glycerol 3-phosphate alone. 4. Respiration induced by NADH plus
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate, as well as that induced by glycerol 3-phosphate, is
      inhibited by the same concentrations of inhibitors as are required for inhibition
      of the mitochondrial dehydrogenase i.e. EDTA, long-chain unsaturated fatty acids,
      long-chain fatty acyl CoA esters. 5. In isolated brown adipocytes in the presence
      of rotenone, norepinephrine significantly inhibits respiration induced by
      glycerol 3-phosphate. 6. The results obtained are discussed with respect to the
      role of glycerol 3-phosphate as an electron sink for cytosolic reducing
      equivalents to maintain a low level of extramitochondrial NADH. A means of
      maintaining a level of glycerol 3-phosphate adequate for triglyceride synthesis
      is also considered.

PMID- 168077
TI  - Molecular organization in bacterial cell membranes. Specific labelling and
      topological distribution of glycoproteins and proteins in Streptomyces albus
      membranes.

PMID- 168076
TI  - Iron-sulfur components of succinate dehydrogenase: stoichiometry and kinetic
      behavior in activated preparations.
AB  - Extensively or completely activated preparations of beef heart succinate
      dehydrogenase have been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
      techniques at 6 to 97 K. Reductive titrations with dithionite and rapid kinetic
      studies were performed with various types of soluble and membrane-bound
      preparations of the enzyme. The following components were detected and their
      behavior analyzed: a free radical, presumably arising from the covalently bound
      flavin on reduction, two iron-sulfur centers of the ferredoxin type, the signals
      of which appear on reduction, and a highpotential iron-sulfur component,
      detectable in the oxidized state. The high-potential component was only detected
      in complex II and inner-membrane preparations. This component and one of the
      ferredoxin-type centers were present in amounts close to stoichiometric with the
      flavin and were reduced by substrate. The other ferredoxin-type center was
      present in amounts between 0.1 and 0.5 times that of the flavin and was reduced
      only by dithionite. Of the components reduced by succinate, however, only a
      fraction (up to 50% of the high-potential iron-sulfur center and 40-60% of the
      ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur center) was reduced within the turnover time of the
      enzymes; In complex II not more than about 10% of the flavin appeared in the
      semiquinone form at any time. Soluble, purified preparations behaved similarly
      except that the high-potential component was nearly or completely absent and
      extensive accumulation of the free radical occurred (up to 70 to 80% of the
      flavin) in titration and kinetic experiments. No significant difference was
      observed between the rates of semiquinone formation and the reduction of the
      ferredoxin-type or high-potential centers by the substrate. Also no qualitative
      differences in the properties studied in this work became apparent between
      prepatations containing 4 or 8 iron atoms, respectively.

PMID- 168078
TI  - Lysophospholipids in pig pancreatic zymogen granules in relation to exocytosis.
AB  - A hypothesis to explain the stimulatory role of cyclic AMP (adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate) in pancreatic enzyme secretion. has been tested. In this
      hypothesis cyclic AMP would activate a phospholipase activity, which would lead
      to a locally increased lysophospholipid formation, resulting in a fusion between
      the zymogen granule membrane and the apical plasma membrane. Cyclic AMP added to
      isolated pig pancreatic zymogen granules leads to an increased lysis of these
      granules, but the slowness of this effect makes its physiological significance
      dubious. In pancreatic homogenates or zymogen granules no stimulating effect of
      cyclic AMP on lipase of phospholipase activity could be demonstrated. Isolated
      zymogen granules have a high lysophospholipid content (27% of total
      phospholipids), consisting of the 1-acyl and 2-acyl forms of
      lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Experiments with
      radioactive phosphatidylcholine indicate that the lysophospholipids are due to
      the action of endogenous (phospho)lipases during the isolation procedure. It is
      concluded that these experiments do not lend support to the above hypothesis for
      the mechanism of action of cyclic AMP in pancreatic enzyme secretion

PMID- 168079
TI  - Interactions of heteroaromatic compounds with nucleic acids. 2. Influence of
      substituents on the base and sequence specificity of intercalating ligands.
AB  - This paper presents the results of a systematic study on the effects of
      substituents on the base and sequence specificity of tricyclic heteroaromatic
      compounds interacting with DNA by intercalation. All the compounds tested are
      derived from proflavine and acridine orange analogs with different heteroatoms in
      the middle ring. Their base and sequence specificities were determined by
      differential dialysis of the ligand against DNA samples of differing G-C content.
      The main results indicate that (a) the introduction of a phenyl substituent into
      one of the two available positions of the middle ring increases or decreases the
      G-C specificity of the ligand depending on the position where the substitution
      takes place; (b) compounds of the substitution type of neutral red (2-methyl-3
      amino-7-dimethyl-amino-phenazine) show unexpectedly high G-C specificities and
      (c) DNA ligands of pronounced sequence specificity for adjacent G-C pairs can be
      constructed by combining the structural elements of neutral red with an
      additional phenyl residue in the same molecule. The further study of compounds
      related to the phenylated neutral red revealed that the G-C specificity can be
      improved or destroyed by additional substituents. The comparison of the G-C
      specificity and the DNA-affinity data of the compounds studied leads to the
      suggestion that the specificity arises mainly from electronic factors which are
      strongly controlled through steric constraints on possible ocmplex geometries. As
      a basis for the discussion a possible structure for the DNA complex of the
      phenylated neutral red is considered in which the extra phenyl ring at N-5 of the
      phenazinium system, protrudes into the large groove of the DNA helix while the
      tricyclic part of the ligand is inserted between the DNA base-pairs.

PMID- 168080
TI  - The isolation of nuclei and basic nucleoproteins from the cellular slime mold
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - A method is described for the isolation of nuclei from an axenic strain of
      Dictyostelium discoideum using a sorbitol/Ficoll solution and low concentration
      of Triton X-100. Basic proteins have been extracted from the nuclei and on
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yield a consistent pattern in which five major
      groups or bands predominate. Four of these five fractions comigrate with calf
      thymus histones and one fraction seems to be unique to D. discoideum. The slowest
      moving of the five fractions is soluble in 0.5 M perchloric acid and comigrates
      with calf thymus histone F1. After recovery from the perchloric acid solution by
      precipitation with acetone this fraction yielded one major band on
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 168081
TI  - Kinetic equivalence of the active sites of alcohol dehydrogenase from horse
      liver.
AB  - The reduction, catalysed by liver alcohol dehydrogenase, of benzaldehyde in the
      presence and absence of pyrazole, and the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and
      cyclohexanol in the presence of isobutyramide, has been measured by the stopped
      flow technique. In performing these experiments particular care was taken to
      purify the enzyme, coenzymes, substrates and inhibitors, and to minimise as much
      as possible the effects of a blank substrate reaction. The calculation of the
      amount of substrate converted to product during the various phases of the
      transient process was based on the absorption coefficients for the enzyme
      coenzyme and enzyme-coenzyme-inhibitor complexes determined in the absence of
      substrate. The results show that the two active sites of liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase are kinetically equivalent and that the enzyme does not exhibit
      half-of-the-sites reactivity.

PMID- 168082
TI  - Ribosomal subunit localization of hemoglobin messenger RNA.
AB  - When rabbit reticulocyte polyribosomes are treated with 0.5 M KCl, they
      dissociate into subunits and release a protein fraction which is required for
      peptide chain initiation in a cell-free system using KCl-treated subunits as the
      source of ribosomes. Three independent methods were used to determine the fate of
      mRNA after KCl treatment of the subunits. These three methods (sucrose gradient
      analysis of RNA after dissociating it from protein with sodium dodecylsulfate,
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis of RNA and electron microscopic analysis of
      subunits) all showed the 8--9-S mRNA to be associated with the small subunit, but
      not the large subunit. Furthermore, no mRNA was found to be associated with
      either "native" ribosomal subunit in a reticulocyte lysate.

PMID- 168083
TI  - The sources of plasma cyclic AMP: studies in the rat using isoprenaline,
      nicotinic acid and glucagon.
AB  - The effects of intravenous administration of isoprenaline, glucagon and nicotinic
      acid on plasma concentrations of cyclic AMP in rats are described. In order to
      determine the relative importance of the liver as a source of extracellular
      cyclic AMP, the effects of the hormones were investigated in intact and
      functionally hepatectomised rats. The results showed that hepatectomy did not
      prevent an isoprenaline-stimulated increase in plasma cyclic AMP concentrations,
      although glucagon was without effect on plasma nucleotide concentrations in this
      group of animals. It is suggested that the liver is essential for the action of
      glucagon but that isoprenaline can increase plasma cyclic AMP concentrations in
      hepatectomised animals by increasing extrahepatic release of the nucleotide.
      Since inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis with nicotinic acid did not prevent
      an isoprenaline or glucagon-stimulated increase in plasma cyclic AMP
      concentrations, adipose tissue is discounted as a major source of plasma cyclic
      AMP.

PMID- 168084
TI  - The effect of pregnancy on the control of lipolysis in fat cells isolated from
      human adipose tissue.
AB  - 1. Lipolysis has been estimated by measuring the release of glycerol in isolated
      adipose tissue cells obtained from women in early prognancy, late pregnancy and 1
      - 3 days post partum and from non-pregnant women. 2. Adipocytes of women at the
      end of pregnancy exhibited higher rates of lipolysis in response to adrenaline
      (1.5 - 15 muM) plus phentolamine (13 muM) than those of non-pregnant women or
      those in early pregnancy. 3. Lipolysis in response to adrenaline plus
      phentolamine in fat cells from women 1 - 3 days post partum was reduced compared
      to that at the end of gestation but was enhanced relative to that in the non
      pregnant or early pregnant state. 4. Basal lipolysis also tended to be greatest
      at term. 5. Under conditions where the production of cyclic AMP was not rate
      limiting for the stimulation of lipolysis, that is in the presence of dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP (1 mM) or adrenaline (15 muM) plus phentolamine (13 muM) plus caffeine
      (1 mM), the release of glycerol in cells from women at term and in the puerperium
      was greater than that in women in the non-pregnant or early pregnant state. 6.
      Cell levels of cyclic AMP rose after incubation with adrenaline (6 muM) plus
      phentolamine or adrenaline (15 muM) plus phentolamine plus caffeine (1 mM) but
      were similar in all four groups of women. 7. It is concluded that the observed
      enhancement of lipolysis demonstrated in fat cells from women at the end of
      pregnancy reflects an increase in hormone-sensitive lipase activity rather than a
      modification of hormone receptor site sensitivity or of the rates of synthesis or
      breakdown of cyclic AMP. 8. This increase in adipose tissue lipolysis at the end
      of gestation could contribute to the reported rise in plasma nonesterified fatty
      acids in the final weeks of pregnancy.

PMID- 168086
TI  - Quantitative iodination of human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - It was shown by Pincus and Klebanoff that a correlation existed between
      leukocytic iodination measured in vivo and microbicidal leukocytic activity. We
      have analyzed the results of this test in relation to time and in the presence of
      variable quantities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The values observed
      per time and PMN unit proved to be equivalent in the presence of 2.5 X 105 PMN or
      5.0 x 105 PMN per 0.5 ml of incubation medium, measured after 10, 20 and 30
      minutes or in the presence of 1.0 x 106 PMN, measured after 10 minutes. That is
      to say iodination is proportional to leukocyte concentration and incubation time.
      Increase of either the quantity of cells or the incubation time, beyond the area
      we defined, reduced iodination per cell and per unit of time. Concerning the
      patients with an insufficient iodination, we have studied 2 parameters in the
      presence of 5.0 x 105 PMN: 1) initial iodination measured after 10 and 20 minutes
      and 2) stability of iodination measured after 60 minutes. These two parameters
      were equally affected in two cases with myelofi-rosis, 3 patients with acquired
      refractory anaemia, one with chronic lymphoid leukaemia, one with
      erythroleukaemia, one with hairy cell leukaemia, one with systemic mastocytosis
      and almost complete myeloperoxidase dificiency, one with sickle cell disease, two
      with liver diseases and two with chronic myeloid leukaemia. The iodination at the
      60th minute was more affected than at the 10th minute with a patient with
      myelofibrosis and 4 other patients with acquired refractory anaemias. The
      significance of these differences is not well understood; however the meaning of
      the decrease in the iodination of whatever type is that a PMN anomaly exists
      directly related to the myeloperoxidase H2O2 halogenation system, or to one of
      the stages of engulfment and/or metabolic events preceeding it and leading to the
      production of H2O2. This test, with the alterations we introduced, is suggested
      as a test for detection of functional PMN abnormalities.

PMID- 168085
TI  - Regional and systemic haemodynamic effects of some vasopressins: structural
      features of the hormone which prolong activity.
AB  - Cardiac output and regional blood flows to myocardium, gut, uterus and kidney
      were determined in anaesthetised female rats by a single injection of 86RbCl. The
      haemodynamic responses were measured at various time intervals up to 2 h after
      single I.V. injections of lysine-vasopressin and the following of its analogues:
      a) with extended peptide chains at the N-terminal (including "hormonogens")
      Nalpha-glycyl-glycyl-lysine-vasopressin, Nalpha-glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginine
      vasopressin and Nalpha-D-valyl-lysine-vasopressin, b) "carba" modifications
      desamino-carba6-arginine-vasopressin, desamino-carba6-D-arginine8-vasopressin,
      desamino-carba6-ornithine8-vasopressin, desamino-dicarba-arginine-vasopressin and
      c) other steric alterations - desamino-D-arginine8-vasopressin and desamino-N
      methylarginine8-vasopressin. Sub-pressor doses of lysine-vasopressin were
      followed by marked reductions in gut and uterus blood flows which reached a peak
      at 10 min. and had completely receded by 60 min. The presence of steric
      alterations in the C-terminal tripeptide of the molecule- D-arginine or N
      methylarginine in sequence position 8 - practically completely eliminated
      vascular activity. The same was true for Nalpha-D-valyl-lysine-vasopressin. None
      of the latter three analogues showed any inhibitor properties to the action of
      lysine-vasopressin. The two hormonogens (triglycyl N-terminal extensions) had to
      be given in doses 10 times greater to obtain a vasoconstrictor effect in gut and
      uterus equivalent in amplitude to that of a lysine-vasopressin, but this effect
      was still present to the same degree 2 h later with the hormonogen of lysine
      vasopressin, and was only starting to return to baseline values at the same time
      with the arginine-vasopressin hormonogen. The vascular potency of both mono-carba
      L-analogues was higher than that of lysine-vasopressin, and the effect was as
      prolonged as with the hormonogens. The dicarba analogue also showed a prolonged
      action, but with much reduced potency. No significant changes in renal or
      myocardial blood flows were observed at all. Molecular features of vasopressin
      smooth muscle activity were discussed, and a receptor model was proposed. It was
      suggested that the -S-S-, -CH2CH2-bridges in the above analogues are not directly
      bound in the peptide-receptor complex and constitute the limiting factor
      determining complex duration, or persistence of the active peptide in the
      "receptor compartment". These results provide an experimental basis for possible
      clinical application of triglycyl-vasopressin and carba-vasopressin in bleeding
      from both gut and uterus and for induction of menstruation.

PMID- 168087
TI  - Binding of phenoxybenzamine to rat platelets and platelet fractions.
AB  - Irreversible binding of labelled phenoxybenzamine to platelets suspended in
      Tyrode solution was complete by 30 min and was proportional to the concentration
      incubated and non-saturable. Evidence for a reversible interaction was obtained
      at earlier time periods. Firmly bound phenoxybenzamine was found mainly in the
      supernatant (105,000 times g) of platelet homogenates. Small amounts were also
      detected in the 10,000 times g pellet. The labelled material in the supernatant
      fraction appeared to have a molecular weight of 500,000 as indicated by gel
      column chromatography. It was non-dialyzable, precipitated by 40-80% ammonium
      sulfate, and was absent in smooth muscle from the vas deferens. The material was
      found to bind norephinephrine but did not alter platelet aggregation. A platelet
      thrombosthenin fraction but not albumin or platelet fibrinogen bound
      phenoxybenzamine and had properties similar to the material in the supernatant
      fraction. The relationship of the phenoxybenzamine-binding material to
      thrombosthenin is discussed.

PMID- 168088
TI  - Papaverine, cyclic AMP and the dependence of the rat aorta on extracellular
      calcium.
AB  - The spasmolytic effects of papaverine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) were
      compared on isometric contractile responses induced by addition of increasing
      amounts of external calcium to K+-depolarized or noradrenaline-stimulated rat
      aorta strips. Papaverine at a concentration active on depolarized strips (3 times
      10(-5) moles/1) reduced the maximal contraction (Emax) elicited by Ca2+ in these
      preparations, while db-cAMP did not. Contrary to what was observed on depolarized
      aortae, the degree of inhibition of noradrenaline-stimulated strips did not
      decrease with increasing extracellular calcium concentration (Ca)e. Both db-cAMP
      and papaverine at a concentration which did not depress Emax (5 times 10(-6)
      moles/1) potentiated the relaxing effect of high (Ca)e on contractions elicited
      by noradrenaline. In conclusion, cyclic AMP is probably implicated in the mode of
      action of papaverine on the noradrenaline-stimulated rat aorta. At a
      concentration active on depolarized strips, papaverine is also able to impair
      contractility directly.

PMID- 168089
TI  - Influence of atropine, metiamide and vagotomy on cAMP of resting and stimulated
      gastric mucosa.
AB  - In normal rats the effect of atropine and metiamide was studied on cAMP levels of
      resting and histamine-, pentagastrin-, carbachol- and insulin-stimulated gastric
      mucosa. In vagotomized rats gastric mucosal cAMP levels were investigated under
      basal conditions and after insulin. Atropine and metiamide did not alter cAMP
      levels of resting gastric mucosa. Truncal vagotomy caused an increase in gastric
      mucosal cAMP, which was not affected by insulin. All gastric secretagogues caused
      a significant rise in gastric mucosal cAMP levels, which was not antagonized by
      atropine. Metiamide effectively blocked the rise in cAMP concentration after
      histamine and pentagastrin, but not that evoked by cholinergic stimulation. The
      results are consistent with the view that the in vivo rise of gastric mucosal
      cAMP after carbachol or insulin is not due to a direct cholinergic action. From
      the spectrum of inhibitory actions of metiamide it looks as if the increase in
      rat gastric mucosal cAMP concentration after histamine and pentagastrin
      administration is mediated by H2-receptor stimulation.

PMID- 168091
TI  - Central and peripheral contribution to the antihypertensive action of indoramin.
AB  - Indoramin has been reported to reduce blood pressure in experimental animals and
      humans. The complex pharmacological profile of the compound suggests that it may
      also exert central actions. Effects on spontaneous sympathetic outflow and on
      sympathetic nerve and blood pressure responses to hypothalamic stimulation were
      examined in anesthetized cats in the present study. At a low dose (1 mg/kg)
      indoramin reduced blood pressure but did not significantly influence the level of
      efferent sympathetic nerve activity. A higher dose (5 mg/kg) lowered pressure
      further and inhibited activity in the splanchnic, cardiac and renal nerves
      indicating that reduced sympathetic outflow is a contributing factor to the
      hypotensive response at this dose. However, in contrast to other centrally acting
      antihypertensive agents, e.g., clonidine, indoramin did not inhibit the increase
      in sympathetic nerve activity produced by hypothalamic stimulation.

PMID- 168090
TI  - Regional cyclic GMP content in incubated tissue slices of rat brain.
AB  - Incubated tissue slices from different regions of the rat brain contained cyclic
      guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in the following descending order of
      content: cerebellum greater than hypothalamus greater than striatum greater than
      thalamusmidbrain greater than brain stem greater that hippocampus greater than
      cerebral cortex. Cholinomimetic agents at 10(-5) M (carbamylcholine, pilocarpine,
      acetylcholine and eserine) and papavering at 14(-4) M significantly elevated
      cyclic GMP accumulation in the cerebral cortex. Three min incubation with
      carbamylcholine (10(-5) M) did not increase cyclic nucleotide accumulation in the
      remaining brain regions.

PMID- 168092
TI  - The fine structure of the trabecular meshwork at graded levels of intraocular
      pressure. (2) Pressures outside the physiological range (0 and 50 mmHg).

PMID- 168093
TI  - Regulation of adrenergic neuromuscular transmission in the rabbit iris.

PMID- 168094
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in dystrophic rat retinas: guanosine 3',5'
      cyclic monophosphate anomalies during photoreceptor cell degeneration.

PMID- 168095
TI  - Effect of detergents on the conformation of spin-labeled rhodopsin.

PMID- 168096
TI  - The pharmacology of the inhibition of dorsal horn neurones by impulses in
      myelinated cutaneous afferents in the cat.
AB  - The effects of microelectrophoretic strychnine and bicuculline methochloride were
      studied on the time course of synaptic inhibitions of single dorsal horn neurones
      in the lumbar spinal cord of cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. The
      inhibitions, evoked by volleys in mixed myelinated cutaneous afferents, varied in
      latency and duration. In general, early inhibitions (latency less than 12msec;
      duration less than 36 msec) were reduced by microelectrophoretic strychnine
      whereas late inhibitions (latency more than 16 msec and more prolonged in
      duration) were usually sensitive to bicuculline. These results can be interpreted
      in terms of glycine and GABA as the inh  ibitory transmitters of early and late
      inhibitions respectively.

PMID- 168097
TI  - Presynaptic action of beta(4-chlorophenyl)-gaba.

PMID- 168098
TI  - Effect of hypoxia on the cerebral energy state.
AB  - The effect of hypoxia on glycogen content, adenyl cyclase activity, cyclic 3',5'
      AMP concentration, lactate: pyruvate ratio and the energy charge potential
      connected with the pool of adenylates was evaluated in the motor area of the
      cortex of beagle dogs. At first, controlled hypoxia induces activation of the
      adenyl cyclase system while subsequently, with PaO2 values lower than 20 mm Hg, a
      depression of the system is observed simultaneously with a drop of the energy
      charge potential. When normal oxygenation is resumed, the biochemical parameters
      examined tend to go back to normal even though it is still necessary to resort to
      anaerobic mechanisms. The intracarotid perfusion with nicergoline enhances the
      post-hypoxic recovery of adenyl cyclase activity, even though the ergoline
      derivative is inactive during the stages of hypoxic suffering of the brain
      studied in the present work.

PMID- 168099
TI  - Immediate effect of prostaglandin F2alpha during the luteal phase of the
      menstrual cycle.
AB  - Serum luteinizing hormone, estradiol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and progesterone
      determinations were performed in five normally ovulating women prior to, during,
      and after prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha was infusion. A total of 75 mg of
      PGF2alpha was infused over 48 hours, beginning on the 4th day of the luteal
      phase. Endometrial biopsies were obtained at the completion of the infusion. In
      all patients, transient decreases in serum progesterone and 17
      hydroxyprogesterone levels were observed during PGF2alpha infusion. Subsequent
      rises in the serum progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were observed
      24 hours after completion of the infusion. There was no significant change in
      serum luteinizing hormone levels. Premature menstrual bleeding occurred with 24
      to 72 hours after the termination of the infusion, while progesterone and 17
      hydroxyprogesterone levels were still elevated. Endometrial histology revealed
      focal stromal necrosis in the presence of the normal secretory endometrium. It is
      concluded that, in the human, PGF2alpha at this dose and time schedule is not
      luteolytic.

PMID- 168100
TI  - [Effect of calcium on steroidogenesis in isolated human adrenal cells (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Isolated adrenal cells were obtained surgically from patients with primary
      aldosteronism, breast cancer, or Cushing's syndrome. They were prepared by the
      modification of Sayers method, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 2 hours under
      95% O-2-5% CO-2, in the medium of calcium-free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer
      containing 0.2% glucose and 0.5% bovine serum albumin, to which various doses of
      calcium, ACTH, dibutyryl cyclic AMP or cycloheximide were added. Steroid
      production was measured by the method of Silber et al. In isolated normal
      adrenocortical cells, 11-OHCS was produced by calcium alone in the absence of
      ACTH or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, while it was not produced by ACTH alone without
      calcium. 11-OHCS production by ACTH was decreased in the high concentration of
      calcium (10.16 mM, 12.70 mM). Cycloheximide partially blocked an increase in 11
      OHCS synthesis induced by calcium. These data suggest that adenyl cyclase of
      human adrenocortical cells may be stimulated by calcium alone, supporting the
      notion that calcium is a second messenger. The ratio of 11-OHCS production by
      calcium alone to that by dibutyryl cyclic AMP was higher in adenoma cells than in
      normal cells. This may account for the character of autonomic steroid production
      in adrenocortical adenoma cells.

PMID- 168101
TI  - Calcium requirement for stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in anterior
      pituitary gland by LH-RH.
AB  - Removal of Ca2+ from the incubation medium by addition of 2 mM ethylene glycol
      bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N'tetraacetic acid (EGTA) leads to at least 75%
      inhibition of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-induced
      accululation of adenosine 3'5'-monophoshpate (cyclic AMP) in rat anterior
      pituitary gland in vitro. This inhibitory effect of EGTA is reversed by the
      addition of Ca2+. A half-maximal effect of Ca2+ on LH-RH--induced cyclic AMP
      accumulation is observed at 2-5 X 10-5 M free Ca2+. The LH-RH-induced LH and FSH
      release is completely dependent upon the presence of Ca2+ in the incubation
      medium, a half-maximal effect being measured at 1-2 X 10-4 M free Ca2+. The basal
      release release of LH is increased upon Ca2+ removal.

PMID- 168102
TI  - Testicular androgen-binding protein (ABP):  comparison of ABP in rabbit testis
      and epididymis with a similar androgen-binding protein (TeBG) in rabbit serum.
AB  - Testicular androgen-binding proteins (ABP) in rabbit testis, caput epididymis and
      efferent duct fluid (EDF) were compared to a similar androgen-binding protein
      TeBg) in rabbit serum. The affinity of these proteins for 5alpha-dihydrotesterone
      (DHT) at 0 degrees C (KaABP = 1.6 X 10(9) M-1 and KaTeBG = 1.9 X 10(9) M-1) and
      their steroid specificities were similar (DHT greater than androstanediol greater
      than progesterone and androstenedione). ABP and TeBG had also almost identical
      Stokes radii (42.8 +/- 1.2 and 43.9 +- 0.8 A, respectively), sedimentation
      coefficients (4.7 +/- 0.2 S and 4.4 +/- 0.2 S, respectively) and electrophoretic
      mobility (Rf = 0.4 in 6 1/2% polyacrylamide gels). Calculation of molecular
      weights from Stokes radii and sedimentation rates indicated a molecular weight of
      74,000 (69,000-78,000) for TeBG and 76,000 (71,000-82,000) for ABP. The
      corresponding frictional ratios were 1.61 for TeBG and 1.55 for ABP assuming a
      partial specific volume (v) of 0.70 cm3/g. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      (PAGE) at different gel concentrations gave a mean molecular radius of 2.74 nm,
      also indicating  a molecular weight of about 75,000 (v = 0.70 cm3/g. ABP and TeBG
      could not be separated by PAGE; however, partial separation of ABP and TeBG was
      achieved by isoelectric focusing and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose. TeBG focused at pH 5.4, whereas ABP formed a distinct peak of bound
      radioactivity at pH 4.7. Also by ionexchange chromatography, ABP in both testis
      and epididymal supernatants was shown to have an apparently higher surface charge
      than TeBG in rabbit serum. The concentration of ABP in efferent duct fluid (2 X
      10(-7) M = 60 pmol/mg protien) was much higher than TeBG in male rabbit serum
      (5.2 X 10(-8) M = 0.7 pmol/mg protein). These findings ruled against the
      possibility that ABP in the testis and epididymis could have been derived
      directly from serum. It is concluded that ABP and TeBG are very similar if not
      identical proteins both serving as transport and carrier proteins in their
      respective compartments.

PMID- 168103
TI  - The metabolism of luteinizing hormone. Plasma clearance, urinary excretion, and
      tissue uptake.
AB  - The kinetics of plasma clearance, tissue uptake, and urinary excretion of
      tritiated ovine pituitary luteinizing hormone in adult male rats are reported.
      Most of the intravenously injected tritiated gonadotropin is cleared from
      circulation with a half-life of five minutes, and this is independent of the
      injected amount of hormone over a wide dose range. It was found that the hormone
      is rapidly removed from circulation by the kidneys, probably by glomerular
      filtration, and excreted in the urine. The radioactivity present in the urine is
      associated with material of the same molecular size as the native hormone and,
      moreover, the urinary hormone retains a significant amount of biological
      activity. A small amount of the hormone is catabolized by the kidney and liver,
      and our data suggest that this occurs in the cortex and hepatocytes,
      respectively.

PMID- 168104
TI  - Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone on cultures of Sertoli cell preparations.
AB  - Sertoli cell-enriched preparations were obtained by sequential enzyme treatment
      of testes of 18-20 day old rats, and were maintained in culture in a chemically
      defined medium. The addition of highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone
      (FSH) to cells immediately after preparation, or after 48 h in culture, elicited
      an increase in the level of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) when
      incubated in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (MIX). Luteinizing
      hormone (LH) had no effect on the cAMP levels. The cells cultured in the presence
      of FSH or dibutyryl cAMP for 48 h incorporated more [3H]leucine into
      trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble material than did cells cultured in the
      basal medium. Cycloheximide abolished the amino acid incorporation into protein
      precipitated by TCA. The data demonstrate that the Sertoli cell is a target cell
      for FSH action, and indicate that added dibutyryl cAMP can duplicate the
      enhancement of amino acid incorporation into protein elicited by FSH.

PMID- 168105
TI  - Liporotein particles in the jejunal mucosa of fetal rats.

PMID- 168106
TI  - The excretion of proinsulin and insulin in urine.
AB  - Proinsulin-like components (PLC) and insulin have been measured in 24 hr urine
      samples from 8 healthy subjects. The mean excretion of PLC was 45.8 ng and that
      of insulin 314 ng; the PLC: insulin ratio was 0.14. Urinary PLC was increased 3.5
      fold in a patient with a pancreatic islet cell tumor and the PLC: insulin ratio
      was 0.35. The urinary PLC: insulin ratio is lower than that of serum, presumably
      because of the relatively lower urinary clearance of the larger molecular weight
      PLC.

PMID- 168107
TI  - The effect of phenformin upon the plasma pancreatic and gut glucagon-like
      immunoreactivity in diabetics.
AB  - Five patients with mild maturity-onset diabetes were given 250 ml of a 20%
      glucose solution by intraduodenal infusion and eight other patients similarly
      received an amino acid solution in a dose of 0.5 g amino acids per kg body
      weight. The pancreatic and gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (pancreatic GLI and
      gut GLI) in plasma were measured before and after the application of the two
      stimuli. Each person was tested twice; the first (control) test was followed by a
      second test after three days of treatment with phenformin 150 mg daily, plus the
      same 150 mg dose taken 60 min before the intubation. The plasma pancreatic GLI
      increased slightly during both infusions, but was not affected by phenformin.
      Intraduodenal infusion of both glucose and the amino acid solution induced a
      greater rise in plasma gut GLI. After treatment with phenformin, the fasting
      plasma gut GLI was higher than the control value in eleven of thirteen patients.
      In most cases higher gut GLI plasma levels were also found after duodenal
      administration of glucose and amino acids. These data furnish further evidence of
      the local action of antidiabetic biguanides on the intestinal wall, including its
      hormonal activity. The hypothesis is advanced that the phenformin-induced
      increase in gut GLI secretion may bring about competition of the latter with
      pancreatic glucagon for receptors in liver cell membranes, reducing the effect of
      glucagon on the liver, and thus contributing to a decrease in glycaemia.

PMID- 168108
TI  - Diurnal and seasonal variation in oral glucose tolerance: studies in the
      Antarctic.
AB  - Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 12 young men in the Antarctic.
      Tests were done in the morning and afternoon at three monthly intervals (March,
      June, September, December). The characteristic diurnal variation in glucose
      tolerance persisted throughout the year, but was greater in the warmer months
      (March and December). There were significant seasonal differences in glucose
      tolerance; blood glucose values were lowest, both morning and afternoon, in
      December (midsummer). In one pair of tests performed during a reversal of normal
      sleep/activity pattern, the direction of the normal diurnal variation of glucose
      tolerance was also reversed.

PMID- 168109
TI  - Effect of hypophysectomy on protein synthetic-activity of free and bound hepatic
      ribosomes from insulin-deficient rats.
AB  - Acute insulin deficiency in rats results in a decrease in the in vitro protein
      synthetic activity of isolated hepatic membrane-bound ribosomes and an increase
      in activity of free ribosomes. These changes are prevented by concomitant insulin
      treatment and are reversed by the administration of insulin. The current study
      evaluated the role of the pituitary in the genesis of these changes. The severity
      of diabetes produced by streptozotocin was less in hypophysectomized (Hx) rats,
      and in Hx rats receiving hormone replacement, as compared with similarly
      streptozotocin-treated intact rats. Although acute insulin deficiency in intact
      rats produced the previously described increase in protein synthetic activity of
      free hepatic ribosomes and decrease in activity of hepatic bound ribosomes, these
      changes did not occur in Hx rats, even when Hx rats received replacement doses of
      thyroxine, ACTH, and growth hormone. Thus, the changes in hepatic protein
      synthetic activity that occur in rats with acute experimental diabetes mellitus
      are secondary to the metabolic sequalae of insulin lack and the response of the
      pituitary gland to insulin deficiency.

PMID- 168110
TI  - A radioreceptor-assay for glucagon: binding of enteroglucagon to liver plasma
      membranes.
AB  - A radioreceptor-assay for glucagon was developed employing pig liver plasma
      membranes isolated by means of an aqueous two-phase polymer system. The assay is
      simple, precise, and has a detection limit of 40 pg/ml. Acid-ethanol extracts of
      porcine intestinal mucosa and entero-glucagon purified by affinity chromatography
      interfered strongly with the binding of 125I-labelled glucagon. The affinity of
      enteroglucagon for the membranes was lower than that of glucagon, but even
      physiological concentrations of the former interfere with glucagon binding,
      indicating that enteroglucagon may compete with pancreatic glucagon for binding
      to the hepatocyte under physiological conditions.

PMID- 168112
TI  - Relationship between Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen and cell
      viability in human cell lines.
AB  - The relationship between the cell viability and frequency of cell with Epstein
      Barr virus (EBV)-associated nuclear antigen was investigated in cultures of 4 EBV
      carrier lymphoblastoid cell lines, by means of anti-complement
      immunofluorescence. The percentages of viable cells and those of EB nuclear
      antigen-positive cells were close to each other in the entire course of
      cultivation of all cell lines. This leads to a conclusion that absence of EB
      nuclear antigen in a given cell population should be evaluated in relation to
      cell viability.

PMID- 168111
TI  - Factors governing glucose induced elevation of cyclic 3'5' AMP levels in
      pancreatic islets.
AB  - Adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels of isolated perifused
      pancreatic islets were elevated by high levels of glucose concomitantly with
      initiation of enhanced insulin secretion. The rise of cAMP was biphasic and
      seemed to be related to the temporal biphasic kinetics of insulin release.
      However, the temporal profiles of cAMP level changes and of insulin release
      differed; the major rise of the cAMP levels was seen during the initial phase,
      whereas insulin secretion was more pronounced during the second phase of release.
      Glucose-induced cAMP elevation required the presence of extracellular Ca++.
      Mannoheptulose completely blocked cAMP elevation due to high glucose. Exogenous
      insulin which has been shown by others to inhibit insulin secretion in vitro,
      blunted the glucose-induced cAMP rise. These observations and data in the
      literature are compatible with the concept that under physiological conditions
      glucose governs the intracellular cAMP levels in a Ca++ dependent manner - either
      directly or indirectly through metabolic effects.

PMID- 168113
TI  - A tumor-specific cytotoxic and neutralizing factor in rats immunized with ascites
      hepatoma induced by azo dyes.
AB  - Transplantation immunity of Donryu rats against ascites hepatoma AH-64A induced
      by azo dye was demonstrated by intraperitoneal injection of tumor cells
      pretreated with heteroantibodies in vitro. Hyper-immunity was induced by
      successive challenges with fresh tumor cells. The cytotoxic effect of the serum
      of resistant rats (RRS) against AH-64A tumor cells was not reduced after
      absorption with normal rat liver cells, but was slightly reduced after absorption
      with normal rat spleen cells. The cytotoxicity was absorbed completely with 5
      times 10(6) AH-64A tumor cells. AH-64A, -B, -C, and -D are ascites hepatoma cell
      lines originating from a single Donryu rat. AH-64A and AH-64B cross-reacted with
      RRS while AH-64C and AH-64D, chemically induced DBLA-6 leukemia cells and normal
      lymph node cells of rats, did not react with RRS in indirect immunofluorescence
      and cytotoxicity tests. A neutralization test was carried out by treating 2 times
      10(5) tumor cell with either RRS or immune spleen cell in vitro and then
      injecting them subcutaneously into irradiated rats (400 R). It was found that
      1:20 dilution of RRS protected the rats against AH-64A tumor cell growth while
      1:40 and 1:80 dilutions of RRS caused some protection. A subcutaneous tumor mass
      developed after transplantation of tumor cells treated with RRS, but after about
      2 weeks this began to decrease in size and disappeared completely within 6 weeks
      after transplantation. Treatment of AH-64A tumor cells with immune spleen cells
      at cell-to-cell ratios of 1:200 and 1:100 caused complete neutralization while
      normal spleen cells at a ratio of 1:200 had slight effect. Treat;ent with immune
      spleen cells prevented tumor growth from t;e start. Most of the surviving animals
      were resistant to c,allenge with 1 times 10(5) fresh AH-64A cells. RRS was
      fractionated by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis and the amounts of
      beta1- and gamma-globulin fractions were found to be 48 and 42% more than in
      normal rat serum. The immunoelectrophoretic pattern of resistant rat serum showed
      a stronger IgM precipitin line than that of normal rat serum.

PMID- 168114
TI  - Antitumor activity of amino acid derivatives in the primary screening.
AB  - Approximately 350 amino acid derivatives were synthesized and tested for
      antitumor activity in four tumor systems. The effect on life prolongation and
      tumor growth was examined using mouse leukemia SR-61, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma,
      ascites sarcoma-180, and rat ascites hepatoma (AH-60C). Among these 350
      derivatives, 29 compounds were found to be significantly effective in
      prolongation of the median life-span and inhibitory effect on tumor growth in the
      primary screening. Among these 29 compounds, the following five compounds were
      found to possess potential antitumor activity: N-(2-Naphthalene)sulfonyl-DL
      tryptophan (A-91), 2-naphthylaminomethyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (A-144), N
      ethylcarbaminomethyl-L-isoleucine (A-145), N-9-fluorenylacetyl-L-phenylalanine (A
      192), and N-propionyl-L-valine (A-195). These five compounds were active in
      prolongation of the life-span of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and in
      the inhibition of the cell growth. Some of these amino acid derivatives inhibited
      biosynthesis of macromolecules, DNA, RNA, and protein, in tumor cells. These
      results suggest that the site of action of the five amino acid derivatives
      appears to result from the inhibition of macromolecules and another unknown
      mechanism.

PMID- 168115
TI  - Effect of steroid hormones on growth of adrenocortical carcinoma transplants in
      mice;.
AB  - The growth of transplanted carcinomas originating in a gonadectomized C3H male
      mouse was much faster in intact male mice than in intact or gonadectomized
      females. Administration of 17beta-estradiol or testosterone propionate in pellets
      resulted in a marked acceleration of the carcinoma growth in intact female mice.
      Progesterone and deoxycorticosterone acetate exerted no influence on the
      carcinoma growth. Neither gonadotropins (pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin plus
      human chorionic gonadotropin) nor ACTH accelerated the growth. In contrast,
      cortisone acetate in pellets markedly reduced the growth rate of carcinoma
      transplants when administered simultaneously with the transplantation. Cortisone
      acetate also arrested the growth-accelerating effect of 17beta-estradiol on
      transplanted carcinomas.

PMID- 168116
TI  - Combination effect of bis(3-methylsulfonyloxypropyl)amide and 6-mercaptopurine on
      AH-60C and AH-109A.
AB  - Survival period of rats bearing ascites hepatoma, AH-60C, which was less
      sensitive to bis (3-methylsulfonyloxypropyl)amine (864-T) and 6-mercaptopurine
      each alone, was prolonged by the combined treatment with these two agents. Two or
      3 rats in groups of 12 animals each survived over 60 days by this combined
      therapy beginning from day 0. In AH-109A, which was insensitive to 6
      mercaptopurine, the group treated with this combination did not survive longer
      than that with 864-T alone.

PMID- 168117
TI  - Heat sensitivity of murine sarcoma virus.
AB  - Murine sarcoma virus (Moloney) was found to be heat labile. Inactivation curve
      represents a first-order kinetics at temperatures between 30 degrees and 60
      degrees. Inactivation constant analysis showed an inflexion at about 45 degrees,
      and the activation energy was calculated as 67.6 kcal/mol for higher temperature
      range and 7.95 kcal/mol for lower temperature range. Nature of inactivation is
      also discussed.

PMID- 168118
TI  - Watery diarrhea associated with pancreatic islet cell carcinoma.
AB  - A patient with severe watery diarrhea and a non-beta islet cell carcinoma of the
      pancreas producing five hormones (secretin, serotonin, enteroglucagon, vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide, and pancreatic glucagon) is described. We have
      demonstrated massive pancreatic hypersecretion to be a major factor in this
      patient's diarrhea. Possible inter-relationships of the actions of five hormones
      present in excess in the patient are discussed.

PMID- 168119
TI  - Modulation of stimulated acid secretion by dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the dog
      stomach.
AB  - An in vivo canine gastric chamber preparation was used to determine effects of
      exogenous cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on histamine-driven acid secretion
      and the role of blood flow in these responses. Histamine was infused
      intravenously at a submaximal rate 1.2 mu/kg-min) followed by the intraarterial
      infusion of either cyclic AMP (0.15 mg/kg-min) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (0.15
      mg/kg-min. Acid secretion and mucosal blood flow (aminopyrine clearance) were
      measured at 15-minute intervals, and electrical potential difference was measured
      continuously. Histamine alone decreased the potential difference from 82 mV to 48
      mV within 60 minutes, increased aminopyrine clearance from 1.0 ml/min to 2.4
      ml/min and increased acid output to 220 muEq/15 min. All values returned towards
      control following termination of histamine infusion. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      significantly increased histamine stimulated acid secretion to 350 muEq/15 min,
      but did not alter mucosal blood flow or electrical potential. Cyclic AMP did not
      change secretory, circulatory or electrical response to histamine. Therefore,
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP appears to increase histamine-stimulated acid secretion, and
      the effect is not mediated by increased mucosal blood flow.

PMID- 168120
TI  - Comparison of metronidazole and chloroquine for the treatment of amoebic liver
      abscess. A controlled trial.
AB  - Chloroquine and metronidazole were compared in a randomized trial for the
      treatment of amoebic liver abscess in 36 patients. An additional 30 patients were
      treated without randomization. Chloroquine was given according to the standard
      protocol at Los tangeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center,
      which is 500 mg daily for 10 weeks, whereas metronidazole was given in a dose of
      750 mg three times daily for 10 days. Criteria for the diagnosis of amoebic
      abscess included (a) a suitable clinical picture, (b) filling defect on hepatic
      scan, (c) high titer of antibody to Entamoeba histolytica by indirect
      hemagglutination, and (d) eventual complete recovery with treatment or
      appropriate findings on autopsy examination. Treatment failure, defined as
      illness that persisted beyond 10 days or recurred after that time, occurred in 1
      of 28 patients treated with chloroquine and in 2 of 36 treated with
      metronidazole. In 2 patients who died it was difficult to assess the result of
      drug therapy. We conclude that both drugs are highly effective. Metronidazole has
      the advantage of effectiveness against intestinal amoebiasis and the probability
      of cure with a shorter course of treatment. Speed of response was slightly
      greater with metronidazole and was somewhat related to abscess size.

PMID- 168121
TI  - A controlled evaluation of intravenous adrenocorticotropic hormone and
      hydrocortisone in the treatment of acute colitis.
AB  - This study compares the efficacy of intravenous adrenocorticotropic hormone
      (ACTH) with intravenous hydrocortisone in the treatment of patients with
      symptomatic inflammatory bowel disease. Drug doses were pharmacologically
      equivalent on the basis of achieved plasma cortisol levels and continuously
      monitored urinary corticoid excretion rates. Drug selection and patient
      evaluation were accomplished with a random double blind technique. Evaluation of
      22 consecutive hospital patients indicates that ACTH and hydrocortisone, when
      administered intravenously in pharmacologically equivalent dosage, are
      therapeutically equivalent, that response to ACTH is rapid, with no therapeutic
      lag, and that differences in therapeutic responses cannont be corrrelated with
      differences in systemic steroid levels.

PMID- 168122
TI  - Effects of drugs influencing gastric secretion on the quantitative histological
      distribution of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate in the rat stomach.
AB  - To help clarify conflicting evidence on the cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP) role in acid secretion in the rat stomach, and to establish the
      quantitative effects on cyclic AMP concentrations in histological regions of the
      glandular stomach of the 24-hr fasted rat of injections of drugs that stimulate
      or inhibit gastric secretion, the concentrations were measured by the firefly
      luminescence method using fresh-frozen microtome tissue sections cut serially
      through the stomach wall. The data are compatible with cyclic AMP involvement in
      the acid secretion. Parietal-mucous neck cell cyclic AMP levels (3.3,0.11 means,
      expressed as picomoles per mg of wet weight and picomoles per mug of protein
      nitrogen, respectively) were the highest in any region. Pentagastrin or
      urecholine elevated these values slightly, and theophylline produced greater
      increases in all regions (parietal-mucous neck cell, 5.4, 0.22), but theophylline
      administered either with pentagastrin or urecholine further elevated the values
      (8.3, 0.31). Urecholine or pentagastrin plus theophylline each generated two
      approximately equal cyclic AMP concentration peaks (about one-half parietalmucous
      neck cell concentrations (2.7, 0.22), perhaps by negative feedback, but low dose
      (2 mg per kg) elevated these values more than pentagastrin or urecholine, and
      with theophylline they were greatly increased (9.1, 0.32). The inhibitors,
      atropine and prostaglandin E2, alone or with theophylline, had little influence
      on parietal-mucous neck cell cyclic AMP levels but caused an increase in chief
      cell and muscle zones.

PMID- 168123
TI  - Effects of p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate upon ultrastructure of canine gastric
      surface cells.
AB  - Exposure of the mucosal surface of exteriorized chambered fundic segments of dog
      stomach to p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS) resulted in predictable gross
      and microscopic structural changes. The first visible response after PCMBS (10
      mM) in isosmotic HCl was an intense release of periodic acid-Schiff-stainable
      mucus. Within 2 min, radioactive PCMBS was found within cells along the entire
      depth of the gastric glands. Surface cells at 15 min revealed vacuolization of
      the cell cytoplasm, dilation of the perinuclear and intercellular spaces,
      mitochondrial swelling, loss of microvilli, and plasmalemma irregularities. Tight
      junctions, Golgi, and mucous granules appeared unaltered. However, in advanced
      injury, mucous granules became less dense and their membranes, which were usually
      smooth, became fragmented and convoluted at this point. Necrotic parietal cells
      were extruded into the lumen. Damage, however, only rarely extended into the
      deeper glandular and connective tissue areas.

PMID- 168124
TI  - Effects of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and related agents on acid
      secretion by isolated rabbit gastric mucosa.
AB  - The effects of various adenosine phosphate compounds, theophylline, histamine,a
      nd metiamide, on steady rates of acid secretion by isolated fundic mucosa of the
      rabbit were measured by the pH stat method. Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP), N(6), O(2')-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and
      theophylline increased the rate of acid secretion. Addition of theophylline in a
      concentration which has no stimulatory effect, reduces the effective
      concentrations cyclic AMP or histamine required for stimulation of acid
      secretion. Measurements of lactate, pyruvate, and CO2 appearances indicated that
      the increases in acid secretory rates were predominantly due to H+ and not
      organic acid accumulation in the luminal bath-secretion. Metiamide prevented the
      stimulatory effects of histamine and ATP. However, metiamide did not prevent the
      stimulatory effects of N(6),9(2')-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate,
      theophylline, or 5'-AMP. The results provide further evidence for a role of
      cyclic AMP in governing the rate of acid secretion by rabbit stomach. The data
      also are consistent with histamine and ATP (at least in the concentration used)
      requiring adenylate cyclase activity for stimulation of acid secretion and 5'-AMP
      inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity.

PMID- 168125
TI  - Osmoregulation and pituitary--adrenal function in desert reptiles.

PMID- 168126
TI  - Hydrotherapy and topical collagenase for decubitus ulcers.

PMID- 168127
TI  - Epidemiology of herpesvirus and respiratory virus infections. Part 1. Serologic
      findings.
AB  - The majority of the population group studied had complement-fixation antibodies
      toward the following viruses: influenza type A, respiratory syncytial,
      cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr. The herpesvirus infections (cytomegalovirus
      and Epstein-Barr virus) seemed to be prevalent. Only low incidences of antibodies
      were found toward adenovirus, influenza type B, influenza type C, and
      parainfluenza type II. A total of 70 aucte virus infections (increases of
      antibody titer) were diagnosed in 49 patients. Besides cytomegalovirus, no
      particular virus infection occurred in a large number. Only 11 of the 70 acute
      virus infections diagnosed serologically were accompanied by clinical signs of
      disease

PMID- 168128
TI  - Epidemiology of herpesvirus and respiratory virus infections. Part2. Clinical
      findings.

PMID- 168129
TI  - [Effect of progestagens on neoplastic tissue and endometrium in patients with
      diagnosed uterine corpus cancer].

PMID- 168130
TI  - ACTH-secreting 'apudoma' of gallbladder.
AB  - The case of a 44-year-old woman is reported. The diagnosis after the appropriate
      tests and laparotomy was ACTH-secreting 'apudoma' of the gallbladder. This is a
      rare tumour and this case is believed to be the first reported of an ectopic
      hormone producing tumour from this side.

PMID- 168131
TI  - Paget's disease of the vulva. A report of 18 cases.

PMID- 168132
TI  - Angiography of trophoblastic tumors. Analysis of pelvic angiography correlated
      with microangiography and histopathological examination of uterine specimens.

PMID- 168133
TI  - Cellular immunologic responsiveness to extracts of ovarian epithelial tumors.

PMID- 168134
TI  - [Sensitivity to noradrenaline and cold tolerance of rats treated chronically with
      ACTH and adrenocortical hormone (author's transl)].
AB  - Rats treated with ACTH and hydrocortisone for 4 weeks were infused i.v. with
      noradrenaline or exposed to cold at -15 degrees C for 2 hours, and changes in the
      rectal temperature and plasma concentrations of NEFA, sugar, and lactate were
      observed. Rats received single injection of ACTH and hydrocortisone, warm- and
      cold-acclimated rats were used as controls. In ACTH- and hydrocortisone-treated
      rats, the noradrenaline infusion caused a significant elevation of the rectal
      temperature, but lowering of the rectal temperature induced by the acute cold
      exposure in these treated rats did not differ from the changes in control groups.
      Moreover, considerable differences were found between these treated rats and cold
      acclimated ones in plasma concentrations of NEFA, sugar and lactate after
      noradrenaline infusion and acute cold exposure. From the results it was inferred
      that chronic treatment with ACTH and hydrocortisone did not produce similar
      adaptive metabolic alterations to those found in the course of cold acclimation.

PMID- 168135
TI  - [Proceedings: Transfer of EB virus genome from lymphocytes to epithelial cells].

PMID- 168136
TI  - [Proceedings: In vitro cultivation of Ehrlichascites tumor cells by cell fusion].

PMID- 168137
TI  - [Proceedings: Differentation of LDH pI isozyme in 3'-MeDAB-induced liver
      neoplasms].

PMID- 168138
TI  - Somatostatin-induced inhibition of insulin secretion from isolated islets of rat
      pancreas in presence of glucagon.
AB  - In order to study the oeffect of somatostatin on the endocrine pancreas directly,
      islets isolated from rat pancreas by collagenase were incubated for 2 hrs 1) at
      50 and 200 mg/100 ml glucose in the absence and presence of somatostatin (1, 10
      and 100 mg/ml) and2) at 200 mg/100 ml glucose together with glucagon (5 mug/ml),
      with or without somatostatin (100 ng/ml). Immunologically measurable insulin was
      determined in the incubation media at 0, 1 and 2 hrs. Insulin release was not
      statistically affected by any concentration stomatostatin. On the other hand,
      somatostatin exerted a significant inhibitory action on glucagon-potentiated
      insulin secretion (mean +/- SEM, mu1/2 hrs/10 islets: glucose and glucagon: 1253
      +/- 92; glucose, glucagon and somatostatin: 786 +/- 76). The insulin output in th
      epresence of glucose, glucagon and somatostatin was also significantly smaller
      than in thepresence of glucose alone (1104 +/- 126) or of glucose and
      somatostatin (1061 +/- 122). The failure of somatostatin to affect glucose
      stimulated release of insulin from isolated islets contrasts its inhibitory
      action on insulin secretion as observed in the isolated perfused pancreas and in
      vivo. This discrepancy might be ascribed to the isolation procedure using
      collagenase. However, somatostatin inhibited glucagon-potentiated insulin
      secretion in isolated islets which resulted in even lower insulin levels than
      obtained in the parallel experiments without glucagon. It is concluded that the
      hormone of the alpha cells, or the cyclic AMP system, might play a part in the
      machanism of somatostatin-induced inhibition of insulin release from the beta
      cell.

PMID- 168139
TI  - Studies of the biological activity of insulin, cyclic nucleotides and
      concanavalin A in the isolated fat cell.
AB  - The insulin or proinsulin response of the isolated rat adipocyte was destroyed by
      preincubation with trypsin. After 120 minutes, biological responsiveness
      partially regenerated. Similarly, the biological responsiveness of the isolated
      fat cell to non-suppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA) was only partially
      destroyed following trypsin digestion, and did not regenerate. In contrast to the
      above, cyclic AMP or dibutyryl cyclic AMP effects were unaltered by trypsin or
      neuraminidase digestion.

PMID- 168141
TI  - Human growth hormone receptors in human circulating lymphocytes.

PMID- 168140
TI  - Effects of glucagon, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and trypsin treatment on
      cyclic 3',5' adenosine monophosphate levels in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - Cyclic 3',5' adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were measured in
      isolated hepatocytes under several conditions. Following the addition of glucagon
      cyclic AMP levels increased rapidly with peak values occurring at three minutes.
      The increase in cyclic AMP was dose dependent. Significant increases were found
      with 10(-10)M glucagon and a maximum increase of twenty fold was produced by 10(
      8) M glucagon. This action of glucagon was augmented by the phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors, theophylline, SQ 20,009, and papaverine. Treatment of the hepatocytes
      with trypsin markedly reduced the response to glucagon.

PMID- 168142
TI  - Irreversible inactivation of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase by periodate
      oxidized nucleotides.
AB  - Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) from rat brain or human
      erytherocytes can be irreversibly inactivated by incubation with periodate
      oxidized analogues of the enzyme products GMP or IMP. This inhibition is specific
      and directed against the product binding site of the enzyme. Inactivation is not
      produced by periodate-oxidized AMP or other aldehydes, for example periodate
      oxidized glycerol. The inactivation is concomitant with the binding of the
      inhibitor to the enzyme protein. The bound inhibitor cannot be removed from the
      protein by dialysis, Sephadex chromatography or polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis. Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.7), on the other
      hand, is not influenced by any of the inhibitors mentioned above.

PMID- 168144
TI  - Adopting new models for continuity of care: the ward as mini-mental-health
      center.
AB  - Several years ago the staff of a traditional psychiatric ward in a Veterans
      Administration hospital began trying to provide continual care for their former
      inpatients after they left the hospital. Nursing assistants conducted basic
      skills groups and other groups in board-and-care homes; staff members made
      themselves available to former inpatients and theri families, roommates, or board
      and-care sponsors through a 24-hour telephone service and home visits; and a day
      care program and follow-up groups for the ward's outpatients were set up. Later
      the staff establiched additional day-care and follow-up programs in a downtown
      satellite unit. In a recent three month period, patients made a total of 4488
      visits to the satellite and hospital programs. The preceding paper discusses some
      of the theoretical considerations on which this program and other alternatives to
      traditional care are based.

PMID- 168143
TI  - [Increased estradiol-estrone quotient in rat liver by hydroxysteroids: an effect
      of the specific hydrogen transfer between steroids].
AB  - After addition of estrone to rat liver slices, a quotient of estradiol/estrone of
      ca. 0.1 is reached within 1 - 2 min. By additional application of 17 beta
      hydroxysteroids this quotient is changed in the direction of estradiol, although
      the applied concentrations of both steroids are far below the concentration of
      the cytoplasmic redox couple NADH/NAD. Of all the steroids tested, testosterone
      had the strongest influence on the quotient, especially in the liver of female
      rats. This influence is smaller in the livers of male rats and infantile animals.
      The changing of the E2/E1 quotient by testosterone can be inhibited by the
      antiandrogen cyproteron acetate. Steroids with hydroxy groups at C-3 or C-20 or
      high concentrations of non-steroids, which can be oxidized by NAD, change the
      E2/E1 quotient only minimally. The experiments demonstrate that in liver, the
      redox couple estradiol/estrone is not in equilibrium with the main redox couple
      of the cytoplasmic NADH/NAD. Only on account of this fact it is possible that
      relatively low concentrations of testosterone change the E2/E1 quotient via the C
      17 leads to C-17 hydrogen transfer between steroids. Biological consequences are
      discussed.

PMID- 168145
TI  - On the distribution of some genetic markers in libya.
AB  - On a sample of N equals 169 nonrelated blood donors from Libya several blood
      group, serum protein group and enzyme frequencies are within the range of those
      of other Caucasoid populations. However, the frequencies of cDe, Jk-a, Fy-c, Hp
      1, Gc-1, aP-b and AK-1 show some greater differences and seem to indicate certain
      Negroid influence on the genetic composition of our Libyan sample. This
      assumption is conceivable considering the racial history of Libya.

PMID- 168146
TI  - Lipoproteins in lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase(LCAT)-deficiency. II.
      Further studies on the abnormal high-density-lipoproteins.
AB  - The lipoproteins from two sibs with familial lecithin-cholesterol
      acyltransferase(LCAT)-deficiency were further characterized.  Comparatively
      lipoproteins from patients with secondary LCAT-deficiency were studied.  Both
      groups of patients had particles of unusual size and shape in the alpha1-(HD-2)
      lipoprotein subfraction.  The abnormal HDL-2 particles were disk-like in
      appearance with a major axis of about 180 A and a minor axis of about 40 A and
      tended to aggregate into long coinlike stacks.  The abnormal HDL-2 particles
      contained the normal protein constituents of HDL Apo A-I, Apo A-II and Apo C but
      in addition a major polypeptide with a M.W. of 39000 not seen in significant
      amounts in normal high-density-lipoproteins.  This polypeptide was found
      identical in size, isoelectric focusing and immunochemically with an arginine
      rich normal polypeptide constituent of very-low-density-lipoproteins designated
      apoprotein E.  Presence of this protein marker in the HDL allowed the specific
      immunological detection of the abnormal HDL-2 (LP-E) in plasma.  Further minor
      biochemical abnormalities were observed in the lipoproteins of the patients with
      familial LCAT-deficiency.  However, the main protein constituents of their HDL,
      the Apo A, Apo C and Apo E polypeptides, were found to be identical
      electrophoretically and by analytical isoelectric focusing with their normal
      counterparts.  The data suggest that the basic genetic defect in the hereditary
      disease leads to a deficient activity of the LCAT-enzyme and that all
      abnormalities in the lipoprotein spectrum are secondary.

PMID- 168147
TI  - Enzyme polymorphisms and haemoglobin variants in Greeks.
AB  - Several enzyme polymorphisms and hemoglobin variants were typed in a sample of n
      = 219 non-related Greek blood-donors.  The following gene frequencies were
      observed: pa = 0.201, pb = 0.701, pc = 0.098;PGDA = 0.985, PGDc = 0.015; AK1 =
      0.942, AK2 = 0.058; HbA = 0.988, HbS = 0.012.  No polymorphic variation was seen
      in LDH, s-MDH, PHI, or SOD.  The population genetical aspects of these results
      are discussed.

PMID- 168149
TI  - Hypersarcosinemia with craniostenosis-syndactylism syndrome.
AB  - Hypersarcosinemia with craniostenosis-syndactylism syndrome. After a sarcosine
      loading the sarcosine-glycine ratios seem to be a more reliable criterion to
      distinguish different genotypes than the sarcosine tolerance curves.

PMID- 168148
TI  - Heterokaryons in the analysis of genes and gene regulation.
AB  - Cytological and chemical analysis of heterokaryons, the immediate product of cell
      fusion, offer new possibilities for studying the factors responsible for genetic
      regulation in eukaryotic cells. In comparison with proliferating cell hybrids the
      heterokaryon state offers the important advantage that a heterokaryon contains
      two complete genomes since chromosome loss does not occur, but since segregation
      and recombination are absent, heterokaryons cannot be used for gene mapping in
      the same way as proliferating cell hybrids. However, if two cell types carrying
      different genetic defects are fused the analysis can be used for studies of gene
      complementation. The biological information obtained with heterokaryons has
      emphasized the role of the cytoplasm in the control of nuclear activity. When a
      G1 nucleus is brought into contact with the cytoplasm of an S phase cell the G1
      nucleus is stimulated to synthesize DNA. If the nucleus is brought into a mitotic
      cell, the chromatin of the G1 nucleus is forced to condense into prematurely
      condensed chromosomes. Inactive nuclei such as the dormant chick erythrocyte
      nucleus will be stimulated to initiate RNA and DNA synthesis when brought into
      contact with an active cytoplasm by cell fusion. Specific nuclear proteins have
      been shown to be responsible for this process of reactivation. Other inactive
      nuclei such as the nuclei of macrophages and spermatozoa have likewise been shown
      to be reactivated by fusion with active cells. The degree of activation in all of
      these cases appears to be determined by the state of the active cell. Inactive
      nuclei are activated to the same level as the active nucleus but seldom beyond
      this level. If differentiated cells are fused with undifferentiated cells,
      usually the differentiated character is lost rapidly after fusion. This
      observation is in agreement with several studies on proliferating cell hybrids
      indicating some type of negative control of differentiated properties. In
      heterokaryons obtained by fusion of cells of a similar type of histotypic
      differentiation usually coexpression of the differentiated markers is observed.

PMID- 168150
TI  - Red-cell uridine-5-monophosphate kinase (UMPK): formal genetics, linkage analysis
      and population genetics from southwestern Germany.
AB  - In a population sample from southwestern Germany the frequency of UMPK1 was
      estimated to be 0.949. The segregation of the children's phenotypes is in
      agreement with the formal model: 2 common alleles UMPK1 and UMPK2 at an autosomal
      locus. Data on linkage relations are referred.

PMID- 168151
TI  - Unusual sensitivity of rabbit cells to a nonbinding diphtheria toxin fragment.
AB  - Normal and transformed rabbit kidney cells are killed by heat-dissociated
      diphtheria toxin fragments, whereas human (heLa), mouse (L929), and hamster (BHK
      and 333-8-9) cells are not affected.

PMID- 168152
TI  - Immunological relationship between delta herpesvirus of patas monkeys and
      varicells-zoster virus of humans.
AB  - The Delta herpesvirus (DHV) which produced outbreaks of exanthematous disease in
      patas monkeys was shown to have a close immunological relationship to varicella
      zoster (V-Z) virus of man. Immunization of rhesus monkeys with DHV or V-Z virus
      resulted in the development of neutralizing antibodies to both viruses and also
      in the production of complement-fixing antibodies to V-Z virus. Immunoglobulin M
      neutralizing antibody to V-Z virus was demonstrated in the serum of a rhesus
      monkey immunized with DHV, suggesting a primary antibody response rather than
      recall of antibody to a related virus. Convalescent-phase sera from human zoster
      cases had comparable levels of neutralizing antibody for both DHV and V-Z virus.
      Patas monkeys involved in an outbreak of DHV infection showed seroconversion to
      both DHV and V-Z virus by neutralization tests and to  V-Z virus by complement
      fixation tests. The demonstration of the close antigneic relationship between DHV
      and V-Z virus suggests that DHV may be useful in an animal model system for
      studies on the latency and reactivation of V-Z virus.

PMID- 168153
TI  - Effects of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin on metabolic indexes of everted
      rat ileal sacs.
AB  - Everted sacs of rat ileum were incubated in Ringer phosphate solution while
      oxygen uptake, glucose uptake, and lactate production were determined. Sacs
      treated with Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, in the form of crude cell-free
      extract and purified protein, consumed significantly less oxygen than untreated
      sacs. However, the toxin-treated sacs took up glucose and produced lactate at
      levels that were not significantly different than those observed in controls. We
      conclude that oxidative metabolism is inhibited by the action of the toxin,
      whereas conversion of glucose to lactate via glycolysis seems unaffected

PMID- 168155
TI  - Measurement of biological activities of purified and crude enterotoxin of
      Clostridium perfringens.
AB  - Enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens was assayed and compared with toxicity in
      mice and erythemal activity in guinea pigs. Conversion factors were used to
      express these biological activities of crude enterotoxin in terms of weight of
      pure enterotoxin protein. One microgram of enterotoxin was equivalent to 3.41
      erythema units and to 0.68 mouse median lethal dose.

PMID- 168154
TI  - Specific macrophage immunity to Sendai virus: macrophage aggregation in vitro
      with Sendai virus by cytophilic antibodies.
AB  - When a 24-h tube culture of rabbit alveolar macrophages was infected with Sendai
      virus, the rate of infected cells was found to be limited. Even at a multiplicity
      of infection (MOI) of 500 plaque-forming units per cell, an average of 63% cells
      was found to synthesize viral antigens stainable by direct immunofluorescence.
      When the macrophages obtained from rabbits hyperimmunized by an intravenous
      injection of Sendai virus were infected under the same in vitro conditions, the
      rate of antigen synthesis averaged a low as 23%. At the time of infection of
      alveolar macrophages from immunized rabbits (immune macrophages), cell
      aggregation at an MOI 50 and cell fusion at an MOI 500 were found 24 h after
      infection, and these reactions were never encountered after the infection of
      nonimmune macrophages. When the immune macrophages were either pretreated by
      trypsin or incubated in medium at pH 4.0, the infection no longer caused the
      aggregation. The supernatant fluid obtained after incubation at pH 4.0 contained
      neutralizing antibody to Sendai virus. Conversely, when nonimmune macrophages
      were incubated in the presence of rabbit anti-Sendai virus serum or purified
      immunoglobulin G, the same aggregation reaction occurred after virus infection.
      Ultraviolet light-killed Sendai virus could be used as the counterpart of alive
      virus in the same aggregation reaction. These results suggest that the
      aggregation reaction of the immune macrophages could be attributed to the
      presence of specific cytophilic antibodies on their surface.

PMID- 168156
TI  - Dose-response relationships for inorganic lead. II. Subjective and functional
      responses - chronic sequelae - no-response levels.

PMID- 168157
TI  - Pharmacodynamic study of the capillaries of normal and allergic (atopic)
      subjects.
AB  - Using the capillary resistance test as a method to study the cutaneous
      microvessels, a number of capillary active agents were investigated by applying
      them percutaneously in hydrophylic ointment base to manifestly allergic and
      definitely non-allergic volunteers. While the catecholamines and heparin
      increased capillary resistance in both allergic and non-allergic groups,
      metacholine, serotonin, the somatotropic hormone and nitroglycerin either did not
      change or decreased capillary resistance in the normal group and invariably
      increased it in the members of the allergic group. The effects of catecholamines
      were, completely or partially, blocked in the normal group by pretreatment of the
      skin with dibenzyline or propranolol. In the members of the allergic group,
      blockade was often weak or absent indicating some derangement in the adrenergic
      receptors. The significance of the findings is discussed.

PMID- 168158
TI  - Lymphoproliferative disease in a cotton-top marmoset after inoculation with
      infectious mononucleosis-derived Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - Injection of concentrated EBV derived from cells of the Kaplan line of infectious
      mononucleosis (IM) origin resulted in malignant lymphoproliferation in one out of
      three cotton-top marmosets 6 weeks after inoculation. Two additional animals
      receiving the same isolate after incubation with an antibody-containing human
      serum did not develop tumors. Inoculation of concentrated virus derived from the
      P3HR-1 line of Burkitt origin did not lead to lymphoproliferations in five
      marmosets. Three of these received non-neutralized, and two received neutralized
      P3HR-1 virus. The tumor obtained with the Kaplan isolate revealed characteristics
      of a lymphosarcome. It contained EBV-specific DNA. In addition, EBV-synthesizing
      lymphoblastoid lines were established from a tumorous lymph-node, as well as from
      the spleen of the diseased marmoset. Virus recovered from these lines transformed
      lymphocytes derived from spleens of healthy marmosets. The tumor-bearing animal
      developed low levels of anti-VCA antibodies during the course of tumor growth.
      These data demonstrate the oncogenic potential of EBV directly derived from cells
      of IM origin.

PMID- 168159
TI  - Reactivity of serum from rous-sarcoma-bearing chickens with autochthonous and
      with allogeneic tumor cells: preferential autochthonous recognition.
AB  - Complement-medicated cytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence assays showed
      that sera from random-bred chickens bearing Rous sarcoma (RS) tumors are usually
      more reactive in vitro against RS cells of autochthonous than of allogeneic
      origin. Absorption of such sera with autochthonous, but not with allogeneic, RS
      cells abrogated the fluorescence staining capacity. Sera from tumor-bearing birds
      did not stain normal chicken embryo cells (CEC), but reacted with a higher
      proportion of CEC transformed by the RS virus than with cultured PS tumor cells.
      Tumor cells incubated at 37 degrees C with autochthonous serum and fluorescent
      horse anti-chicken immunoglobulin conjugate displayed cell surface fluorescence
      patching.

PMID- 168160
TI  - Tumor induction in rats by feeding aminopyrine or oxytetracycline with nitrite.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats were given combinations of aminopyrine or oxytetracycline and
      sodium nitrite in drinking water. Of 30 animals receiving 0.1% (1,000 ppm) of
      aminopyrine and sodium nitrite for 30 weeks, 29 died with hemangioendothelial
      sarcomas of the liver. The same tumor caused death in 26 of 30 animals that
      received 0.025% (250 ppm) of both aminopyrine and sodium nitrite for 50 weeks. No
      animals in a control group of the same size that received 0.1% aminopyrine for 30
      weeks developed this tumor, although one-half of them were still alive 2 years
      after the experiment was begun. After feeding a comparable dose (0.1%) of
      oxytetracycline and sodium nitrite for 60 weeks, liver tumors were present in 4
      of 30 rats (3 hepatocellular tumors and 1 cholangioma). Since aminopyrine has
      been widely used for medicinal purposes in the human population, it is possible
      that many people have been exposed to a potent carcinogen (dimethylnitrosamine)
      by its formation in vivo. It is not certain whether the result of feeding
      oxytetracycline and sodium nitrite indicates significant carcinogenicity of this
      combination.

PMID- 168161
TI  - Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen and to other viral
      and non-viral antigens in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Antibody reactivity to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA)
      was investigated by means of the anticomplement immunofluorescence technique on
      sera from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and from appropriate controls.
      Antibody levels to other EBV-determined antigens, i.e. viral capsid (VCA) and
      early antigens (EA), and to measles and rubella viruses, to cytomegalovirus
      (CMV), and to toxoplasma gondii were also measured. The results of anti-EBV
      antibody titrations demonstrated that anti-VCA, anti-EA and anti-EBNA reactivity
      was significantly higher in HD patients than in healthy subjects. There was no
      significant difference between the distribution of high rubella and measles
      antibody titers in HD and control sera. The GMT and the incidence of high titer
      anti-CMV and toxoplasma antibodies were greater in HD patients than in controls.
      The analysis of the data, according to histological subtypes, showed that the
      condition of lymphocyte depletion was associated in HD patients with the highest
      anti-EBNA antibody levels and the lymphocyte predominance with the lowest. This
      pattern seemed to be peculiar for anti-EBV reactivity, since anti-CMV and anti
      toxoplasma antibody levels in the lymphocyte-depleted group of patients did not
      significantly differ from those of controls. No correlation was found between
      anti-VCA and anti-EBNA in individual sera of HD patients. This observation
      suggests that different mechanisms are probably responsible in HD for the release
      of EBV-related antigen from infected cells.

PMID- 168163
TI  - Letter: Effect of photoreactivating light on virus infection of UV-exposed
      Potorro cells.

PMID- 168162
TI  - Nuclear proteins of rat liver and of an aminoazo-dye-induced hepatoma.
AB  - Nuclear proteins of rat liver and rat ascites hepatoma were fractionated by
      extraction in solutions of different salt concentration and analyzed by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The difference between the
      electrophorograms of the different fractions of nuclear proteins isolated from
      liver and from hepatoma was found in the bands which have the same
      electrophoretic mobility as the main proteins of informofers and are extracted
      from nuclei at salt concentrations which extract informofers. These changes in
      the electrophoretic patterns of proteins with the solubility and mobility of the
      proteins of informofers could be related to the defective processing of
      heterogeneous nuclear RNA in the hepatoma. In addition the identity of
      electrophorograms of nuclear proteins isolated from liver and from hepatoma and
      the identity of most bands in the electrophorograms of nuclear proteins which are
      soluble in 0.35 M NaCl and chromosomal proteins which are not soluble at this
      salt concentration support the notion that these nonhistone nuclear proteins
      which can be identified as the major bands in electrophorograms of chromosomal
      proteins are not the specific regulators of gene expression.

PMID- 168164
TI  - Letter: Studies of the radiosensitizing action in vivo of 2,2,6,6, tetramethyl-4
      piperidinol-N-oxyl (TMPN).

PMID- 168165
TI  - Pattern of secondary adrenal tumors in Ibadan, Nigeria.

PMID- 168166
TI  - The specificity of pituitary cells and regulation of their activities.

PMID- 168167
TI  - Estrogen therapy for migraine.

PMID- 168168
TI  - [Virus propagation, virus replication and virus elimination in the human skin in
      zoster].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the spreading, the replication and
      the elimination of Varicella-Zoster-Virus (ZV) in human skin. Typical skin
      lesions of thoracic zoster in different stages of development and of exanthematic
      vesicles in ophthalmic zoster were examined under the electron microscope. We
      found that ZV may be detected in fully developed vesicular skin lesions only,
      whereas in immature lesions and in the surrounding non involved skin axonal
      alterations may be seen, with no ZV present. The replication of the virus in the
      skin takes place almost exclusively in the malpighian keratinocytes of the
      involved epidermis. Blister formation in zoster is basically a result of the
      acantholysis of the infected epidermal cells. Mature ZV are then extruded into
      the intercellar space and become phagocytised by mononuclear cells which
      infiltrate the epidermis and eliminate the virus in large phagolysosomes. Only
      few virions were found in the dermis extracellularly or in dermal macrophages. In
      some of these cells stages of ZV-replication were also seen. Other cell types
      (i.e. Langerhans cells) were rarely infected. The application of the periodic
      acid-silver methenamine technique (PASM) in zoster revealed that a glycoprotein
      rich coat surrounds each mature virion, obviously originating from the plasma
      membrane of the infected keratinocytes. This coat may be reason for the ability
      of the ZV to adhere on the cell surface and to infect the cell.

PMID- 168169
TI  - [Letter: Isolation of zoster patients].

PMID- 168170
TI  - The management of benign renal tumors of infancy. Case report of a congenital
      mesoblastic nephroma (leiomyomatous hamartoma).
AB  - A case of a benign renal tumor found in an infant of 11/2 months is reported. Its
      clinical, radiological and operative findings were similar to those described
      previously as Wilms' tumors. Only pathological examination revealed its
      benignancy. In view of the occurrence of benign congenital mesoblastic nephroma
      which is evidently not rare in infancy, and because of the side effects of
      adjuvant cytotoxic and X-ray therapy, the authors feel that the immediate
      therapeutic approach to a solid intrarenal tumor in infancy should be surgical
      only. Further therapy should depend on pathological findings.

PMID- 168171
TI  - Prevalence of pseudorabies in sows in central Illinois.
AB  - Of 1,224 serums from slaughtered sows from central Illinois, 52 (4.25%) were
      found to be positive for pseudorabies neutralizing antibody.

PMID- 168172
TI  - On the effect of N-methyl-bis (3-mesyloxypropyl) amine hydroxychloride on
      Bacillus subtilis cells.
AB  - N-Methyl-bis (3-mesyloxypropyl)amine hydrochloride is now in use as an antitumer
      drug. In view of its activity against some bacteria the present work was
      conducted to study its mode of action of Bacillus subtilis. The compound was
      found to induce irreversible damage to bacterial DNA whereas its effect on RNA
      was temporary and depending on maintenance of effective concentrations of the
      compound.

PMID- 168173
TI  - Streptovirudins, new antibiotics with antibacterial and antiviral activity. I.
      Culture taxonomy, fermentation and production of streptovirudin complex.
AB  - A new antibiotic complex has been isolated from cultures of Streptomyces strain
      No. JA 10124. On the basis of taxonomic studies, the producing microorganism is
      described as Streptomyces griseoflavus (Krainsky, 1914) Waksman et Henrici, 1948,
      subsp. thuringiensis subsp. nov., type strain JA 10124. The antibiotic complex,
      designated as streptovirudin, was isolated from extracts of both mycelium and
      culture filtrate. It is a white amorphous material which consists of ten closely
      related components including streptovirudins A, B, C, D and E. The streptovirudin
      complex exhibits antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria,
      mycobacteria, and various DNA- and RNA-viruses.

PMID- 168174
TI  - Reticulol, an inhibitor of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate
      phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 168175
TI  - Changes in strength of lung inflation reflex during prolonged inflation.
AB  - Recovery from respiratory inhibition produced by the lung inflation reflex was
      studied in anesthetized dogs, paralyzed and ventilated with a respiratory pump.
      During constant ventilation the lungs were periodically inflated using positive
      end-expiratory pressure, while the respiratory motor output was monitored in the
      phrenic nerve. Inhibition of the phrenic discharge was followed by gradual
      recovery throughout 8-min inflation periods despite constant blood gases.
      Recording afferent potentials in a vagus nerve indicated that adaptation of
      pulmonary stretch receptors contributed to the initial recovery of the phrenic
      discharge, but this recovery continued after the receptor discharge had
      stabilized. The phrenic discharge also recovered after initial inhibition in two
      situations which avoided stretch receptor adaptation: a) when the stretch
      receptor discharge from the separate lungs was alternated in an overlapping
      manner by asynchronous pulmonary ventilation, and b) during continuous electrical
      stimulation of a vagus nerve. Phrenic activity was temporarily increased above
      its control value after periods of lung inflation, asynchronous ventilation and
      vagal stimulation. It is concluded that the lung inflation reflex gradually
      attenuates during prolonged stimulation due to both stretch receptor adaptation
      and changes within the central pathways.

PMID- 168176
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of patulin in
      apple butter.
AB  - Patulin is extracted from apple butter samples with ethyl acetate and the extract
      is cleaned up on a silica gel column, using benzene-ethyl acetate (75+25) as the
      eluant. High-pressure liquid chromatography, using a 25 cm ZorbaxSil column,
      isooctane-ethyl ether-acetic acid (750+250+0.5) as the mobile solvent, and a 254
      nm ultraviolet detector, is used for the determinative step. Under these
      conditions, patulin is eluted before 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, a component of
      apple butter which interferes with other liquid chromatographic and thin layer
      chromatographic methods. Recoveries of patulin added at levels of 34.6, 138.4,
      and 276.8 mug/kg ranged from 89.0 to 112.1%.

PMID- 168177
TI  - Fluorometric measurement of aflatoxin adsorbed on florisil in minicolumns.
AB  - Filter fluorometers have been adapted to measure the fluorescence intensity of
      aflatoxin absorbed on a Florisil layer in minicolumns. The relationship between
      concentration and intensity is near linear in the aflatoxin range from 10 to 100
      ng. Although individual aflatoxin fractions cannot be resolved, since the measure
      is one of total intensity, fluorometric measurements advance the minicolumn
      screening procedure to a semiquantitative level. The detection of 1 ng aflatoxin
      B1 is well within the limits of a filter fluorometer with a photomultiplier
      detector. A precision, expressed as per cent coefficient of variation, ranging
      from 1.2 to 4.2%, was obtained for standard B1 columns.

PMID- 168178
TI  - Cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase mutants of Salmonella
      typhimurium.
AB  - Positive selection procedures for mutants of Salmonella typhimurium lacking
      cyclic 3', 5'7-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase have been
      devised. The gene (cpd) coding for this enzyme has been located on the chromosome
      and shown to be 25% co-transducible with metC using phage P22. The mutants have
      been used to investigate the role of the enzyme in the control of genes whose
      expression is known to be dependent on cAMP. Significant alterations in the
      regulation of some but not others of these genes have been observed in these
      mutants. Mutants lacking the cAMP phosphodiesterase are more sensitive than their
      parents to a variety of antibiotics that appear to enter the cell through cAMP
      dependent transport systems. They grow faster than the wild type on succinate
      ammonia-salts, and glucose-proline-salts media and are inhibited by added cAMP on
      glucose, citrate, or glycerol-ammonia salts media whereas the wild type is
      unaffected. Neither the growth of Salmonella typhimurium on glycerol or citrate
      media nor the level of acid hexose phosphatase in the strain is affected by the
      loss of cAMP phosphodiesterase. In addition, the mutant strains are extremely
      sensitive to high levels of cAMP. Loss of the cAMP phosphodiesterase in strains
      unable to synthesize cAMP (adenyl cyclase negative) reduces by 10-fold the
      requirement for exogenous cAMP for expression of catabolite-sensitive phenotypes.
      These results suggest that through its control of cAMP levels in the cell the
      phosphodiesterase may be involved in the regulation of certain classes of
      catabolite-sensitive operaons and also in protecting the cell against high levels
      of cAMP.

PMID- 168180
TI  - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system: isolation of nuclear and
      cytoplasmic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with specific defects in
      mitochondrial functions.
AB  - A selection procedure is described which permits a large number of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae mutants to be screened for specific lesions in mitochondrial
      respiratory enzymes and the adenosine triphosphatase. The method has been used to
      isolate nuclear mutant strains with specific lesions in coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c
      reductase, cytochrome oxidase, and adenosine triphosphatase. In addition, two
      cytoplasmic mutants have been found whose primary defect is in cytochrome
      oxidase, and others have been found that show variable degrees of abnormalities
      in their mitochondrial translation products.

PMID- 168179
TI  - Inhibition of an early event in the cell division cycle of Escherichia coli by
      FL1060, an amidinopenicillanic acid.
AB  - Analysis of exponential and synchronous cultures of Escherichia coli B/r after
      the addition of FL1060 indicates a block point for division by this agent some 15
      to 20 min before the end of the preceding cell division cycle, a time
      corresponding to the beginning of the C period of the cell division cycle.
      Morphological examination of FL1060-treated synchronous cultures of E. coli /r
      was consistent with inhibition by FL1060 of a very early event in the cell
      division cycle. This event appears to be essential for normal cell surface
      elongation in a rod configuration. Temporary treatment of synchronous cultures of
      E. coli B/r with FL1060 resulted in division delay, the extent of which was a
      function of the duration of exposure to FL1060. However, even after relatively
      long times of FL1060 treatment the delayed divisions were still synchronous.
      Although FL1060 had no direct effect on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis,
      the synchronous delayed division occuring after temporary treatment with FL1060
      were accompanied by a delay in the attainment of resistance of cell division to
      inhibitors of DNA, ribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis. These results suggest
      aht an FL1060-sensitive event initiates at the beginning of the C period of the
      cell division cycle of E. coli and is responsible for normal cell elongation.
      This cell elongation pathway procedes independently of DNA synthesis, but there
      is an interaction between this pathway and termination of a round of DNA
      replication in which a normal rod configuration is necessary to allow a signal
      for cell division to be generated upon completion of DNA replication.

PMID- 168181
TI  - Physiology and metabolism of pathogenic Neisseria: partial characterization of
      the respiratory chain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - The cell membrane-associated respiratory electron transport chain of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae was examined using electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR) at liquid
      helium temperatures and optical spectroscopy at liquid nitrogen and room
      temperatures. EPR spectra of dithionite-reduced particles indicated the presence
      of centers N-1 and N-3 in the site I region of the respiratory chain, whereas
      reduction with succinate revealed the existence of center S-1 from the succinate
      cytochrome c reductase segment. Free radical(s) resembling that due to falvin
      semiquinone were observed with both reductants. Low temperature (77 K) optical
      difference spectra indicated the presence of cytochromes with alpha band maxima
      at 549, 557, and 562. Bands at 567, 535, and 417 nm, characteristic of the CO
      compound of cytochrome o, were also identified. Cytochromes a1 and a3 were not
      detected; however, a broad but weak absorbance with an alpha band maximun at 600
      nm and a Soret shoulder at 440 nm was observed. Hence the respiratory chain of N.
      gonorrhoeae appears to contain several nonheme iron centers, cytochrome c, two b
      cytochromes, with cytochrome o which probably serves as the terminal oxidase.

PMID- 168182
TI  - Effect of cyclic nucleotides on the cyanide-insensitive respiration of
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - The effects of N6,O2'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (Bu2-cyclic AMP) and
      N2,O2'-dibutyrylguanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (Bu2-cyclic GMP) on the cyanide
      insensitive respiration of guinea pig peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear
      leucocytes were studied. Bu2-cyclic AMP inhibited the respiration induced both by
      phagocytosis of E. coli and by the interaction with trypsin-digested rat liver
      microsomes. The addition of theophylline gave rise to an inhibitory pattern
      similar to that with Bu2-cyclic AMP against both the respirations induced. On the
      other hand, Bu2-cyclic GMP did not affect the respiration induced by phagocytosis
      whereas it inhibited the respiration induced by the addition of myristic acid was
      inhibited by Bu2-cyclic AMP, which was similar to that with E. coli. The
      respiration induced by methylene blue was inhibited neither by Bu2-cyclic AMP nor
      by Bu2-cyclic GMP. These observations suggest that the cyanide-insensitive
      respiration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes may be classified into at least three
      types from the inhibitory pattern of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.

PMID- 168183
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins isolated from rabbit femur.
AB  - 1. Complex carbohydrate fractions were extracted successively with 40% aqueous
      EDTA (pH 7.4) and 6M urea (PH 7.8) FROM ACETONE-DRIED bone powder of rabbit
      femur. 2. The carbohydrate fraction extracted with EDTA (E=Fr) was separated into
      five fractions,D1approximatelyD5 by DEAE-Dephadex A-50 column chromatography.
      Chemical and infrared spectral analyses, and enzymatic digestion indicate that D2
      contained lessacidic glycoprotein, D3 contained sialoglycoprotein, D4 contained a
      low sulfated proteokeratan sulfate-like substance, and d5 contained glycoprotein
      bound chondroitin sulfate A plus protein-free chondroitin sulfate A. 3. Two
      fractions, HU-D1 and HU-D2, were isolated from the carbohydrate fraction
      extracted with urea (HU-Fr) by successive digestion with collagenase [EC
      3.4.99.5] and pronase, followed by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100 and then DEAE
      Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. HU-D1 and HU-D2 contained a low sulfated
      keratan sulfate-like substance linked to peptide and glycopeptide-bound
      chondroitin sulfated keratan sulfate-like substance linked to peptide and
      glycopeptide-bound chondroitin sulfate A, respectively. 4. The present findings
      indicate that rabbit femur contains low sulfated proteokeratan sulfate-like
      substances with varying sulfate contents and glycoprotein-bound chondroitin
      sulfate A as the principal glycosaminoglycans. The macromolecules bound more
      tightly to the tissue contain much more sulfate than the corresponding loosely
      bound ones.

PMID- 168184
TI  - The participation of cytochromes in the reduction of N20 to N2 by a denitryfying
      bacterium.
AB  - The oxidation of cytochromes during the reduction of N2O to N2 by a denitrifying
      bacterium was studied spectrophotometrically. The reduced b- and c-type
      cytochromes are partially oxidized when N2O is added to intact cells reduced with
      lactate under anaerobic conditions. The oxidation of cytochromes is inhibited non
      competitively by azide, cyanide, 2,4-dinitrophenol and CuSO4, which inhibit the
      reduction of N2O to N2. In the presence of each inhibitor at a high
      concentration, at which the reduction of N2O to N2 is perfectly inhibited,
      cytochromes are not oxidized by N2O, while when an adequate, low concentration of
      inhibitor is added, b-type cytochrome is partially oxidized but c-type cytochrome
      is apparently not oxidized. In cell-free extracts, prepared by the sonic
      disruption of cells, that have entirely lost their activity in the reduction of
      N2O to N2, cytochromes are not oxidized by N2O. From the above results, it was
      concluded that b-type and c-type cytochromes should participate in the electron
      transport mechanism of the reduction of N2O to N2.

PMID- 168185
TI  - Prereplicative enzymic changes in regenerating rat liver.
AB  - After partial hepatectomy in rats, the following changes in enzymic activities
      were observed in the remnant liver during the prereplicative period. In the
      initial period of the prereplicative process, soon after removal of part of the
      liver, ornithine decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.17] and IMP dehydrogenase [EC 1.2.1.14]
      increase. Subsequently, for entry into the S period, thymidine kinase [EC
      2.7.1.75] increases simultaneously with increase in the intracellular cyclic AMP
      level and decrease in its phosphodiesterase [EC 3.1.4.17].

PMID- 168186
TI  - Postitional specificity of fatty acids in pyrophosphatidic acid from Cryptococcus
      neoformans.
AB  - Pyrophosphatidic acid isolated from Cryptococcus neoformans was degraded to
      phosphatidic acid in aqueous pyridine.  The phosphatidic acid was hydrolyzed by
      phospholipase A (EC 3.1.1.4) of Crotalus adamanteus to lysophosphatidic acid and
      2-positioned fatty acids.  From the analyses of the fatty acid composition of
      pyrophosphatidic acid and its degraded products (phosphatidid acid,
      lysophosphatidic acid, and fatty acid), it was concluded that most of the
      saturated fatty acids of pyrophosphatidic acid were at the 1,1'-positions while
      the unsaturated fatty acids were largely confined to the 2,2'-positions.  The
      positional specificity of the fatty acids in pyrophosphatidic acid coincided with
      that of ordinary glycerophosphatides.

PMID- 168187
TI  - Inhibition of Charonia lampas ascorbate-2-sulfate sulfohydrolase activity by
      adenosine 5'-diphosphate and related compounds.
AB  - 1) ADP was a potent inhibitor of the ascorbic-2-sulfate sulfohydrolase activity
      of Charonia lampas liver.  The inhibition was competitive with respect to
      ascorbate 2-sulfate.  The Ki value was 5.9 muM.  ADP did not inhibit
      arylsulfatase (EC 3.1.6.1) of the same organism.  2) Other nucleoside 5'
      diphosphates and GTP showed similar inhibition of ascorbate-2-sulfate
      sulfohydrolase activity.  3) The effects of different nucleosides, nucleotides,
      and sugar phosphates on ascorbate-2-sulfate sulfohydrolase activity were
      investigated.  Phosphate derivatives other than 3',5'-cyclic AMP were more or
      less inhibitory.

PMID- 168188
TI  - Inactivation and reactivation of phosphoprotein phosphatase of rabbit skeletal
      muscle.  Role of ATP and divalent metal ions.
AB  - The regulatory mechanism of a phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16), which is
      considered to catalyze the dephosphorylation reaction of several phosphoproteins
      (glycogen synthetase-D (EC 2.4.1.11), phospho-form of phosphorylase b kinase (EC
      2.7.1.38), phosphohistone and phosphorylase a (EC 2.4.1.1)), was studied with
      partially purified preparations from rabbit skeletal muscle.  Time- and
      temperature-dependent inactivation and reactivation of phosphohistone
      phosphatase, as well as phosphorylase phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.17), were observed on
      pre0incubation of the enzyme(s) with ATP, and subsequent incubation with divalent
      metal ions (Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+) without any change of molecular size. 
      Manganese, however, instantly restored the activity of the ATP-inactivated
      enzyme, and increased the maximal velocity of the enzyme while decreasing its
      affinity to phosphorylase a.  However, the metal ion inhibited the reactivated
      enzyme competively with respect to phosphorylase a.  It is suggested that
      phosphoprotein phosphatase(s) is a metalloenzyme, and that ATP results in a
      conformational change of the enzyme protein in such a way that a metal ion can be
      easily released due to the chelating effect of ATP, or incorporated (in the
      presence of excess metal ions) into the enzyme protein.

PMID- 168189
TI  - A simple method for preparation of snake venom phosphodiesterase almost free from
      5'-nucleotidase.
AB  - A simple method, involving NAD+-Sepharose chromatography, was developed for the
      preparation of snake venom phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.1) almost free from 5'
      Nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5).  Using an NAD+-Sepharose 4B column, phosphodiesterase
      was eluted in the unadsorbed fraction, whereas 5'nucleotidase was strongly
      adsorbed.  The latter enzyme was desorbed when 0.2 M sodium bicarbonate buffer
      containing 1mM beta-NADH was used as a solvent.  The affinity column could be
      used at least four times without any decrease of potency, and the method was
      applicable for the preparation of phosphodiesterase from the venoms of
      rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) and Japanese mamushi (Agkistrodan halys
      blomhoffi).

PMID- 168190
TI  - Formate dehydrogenase.  Subunit and mechanism of inhibition by cyanide and azide.
AB  - Formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.2) prepared from peas (Pisum sativum) was a two
      subunit enzyme.  The enzyme accelerated the formation of an NAD+-cyanide compound
      having an adsorption band at 330 nm.  The enzyme was able to bind one NAD+
      molecule per each subunit but only 1 mole of NAD+-cyanide compound was formed per
      two subunits.  The complex of NAD+, cyanide, and the enzyme was very stable and
      had no catalytic activity.  Azide inhibited the formate dehydrogenase reaction in
      two different ways.  By incubation of the enzyme with azide in the presence of
      NAD+, half of its catalytic activity was lost.  The remaining activity was also
      inhibited by azide but this inhibition was removed competively by formate. 
      Contrary to the case of cyanide the inhibition by azide could be removed by
      dialysis and no spectral species due to the addition compound of NAD+ and azide
      could be observed.  The data from double recipricol plots of the initial velocity
      and the formate concentration led to a conclusion that formate dehydrogenase has
      two sites with about equal catalytic activity.  The Km for formate was different
      for the two catalytic sites (1.67 and 6.25 mM) but the difference was not
      noticeable in the case of the Km for NAD+.

PMID- 168191
TI  - Incorporation of nucleotides into DNA by mammalian DNA polymerase in the presence
      of a single deoxynucleoside triphosphate.
AB  - Rat ascites hepatoma cell DNA polymerases (EC 2.7.7.7), especially low molecular
      weight polymerase, could incorporate a significant amount of single nucleotide
      into acid-soluble products in the absence of the other three deoxynucleoside
      triphosphates when activated DNA was used as a template.  This relaxed
      requirement for deoxynucleotides was not observed when poly[d(A-T).d(T-A)] was
      used as a template.  Nearest-neighbour base analyses of the products formed in
      the presence of a single deoxynuclesode triphosphate revealed that the reaction
      is not of a terminal transferase-type but a very limited repair synthesis in
      which one or a few triphosphates are incorporated at numerous 3'-hydroxyl ends.

PMID- 168192
TI  - Isolation and characterization of an alpha-amanitin-resistant rat myoblast mutant
      cell line possessing alpha-amanitin-resistant RNA polymerase II.
AB  - Cultures of the rat skeletal muscle myoblast cell line, L6, were treated with the
      mutagen ethylmethanesulfonate and grown in the presence of alpha-amanitin, an
      inhibitor of RNA polymerase II in vitro. One clonal cell line, Ama102, resistant
      tc the cytotoxic action of 2 mu-g/ml of alpha-amanitin was isolated and
      extensively characterized. Ama102 cells were about 30-fold more resistant to
      alpha-amanitin than their Ama+ parent cells based on a comparison of the
      concentration of alpha-amanitin required to reduce their plating efficiencies to
      similar extents. The RNA polymerase activities from Ama+ and Ama102 cells were
      solubilized and separated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. Whereas all of the
      Ama+ RNA polymerase II activity was inhibited by 0.1 mu-g/ml of alpha-amanitin,
      about 30% of the activity in the Ama102 RNA polymerase II peak was resistant to
      this concentration of alpha-amanitin and was inhibited only by much higher
      concentrations (25 mu-g/ml) of alpha-amanitin. This alpha-amanitin-resistant
      activity in Ama102 cells was identified as a bona fide RNA polymerase II by its
      chromatographic behavior on DEAE-Sephadex, salt optimum, preference for denatured
      DNA as template, insensitivity to inhibition by potassium phosphate, thermal
      inactivation kinetics, and inactivation by anti-RNA polymerase II antiserum. Both
      RNA polymerase IIa and IIb from Ama102 cells exhibited the partial alpha-amanitin
      resistance, as did this activity when purified further on phosphocellusose.
      Unlike the parental Ama+ cells, Ama102 cells neither fused at confluence nor
      showed an increase in the specific activity of creatine kinase. The altered
      sensitivity of the Ama102 RNA polymerase II to alpha-amanitin appears to account
      for the drug-resistant phenotype of these cells.

PMID- 168193
TI  - Regulation of adenosine 3:5-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - The effects of epinephrine, glucagon, insulin and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine on
      adenosine 3:5-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase activity were
      investigated in the perfused rat heart. The conditions for homogenization of
      heart tissue and assay of protein kinase are described. The activation state of
      the enzyme is expressed as the ratio of the rate of phosphorylation of histone in
      the absence to that in the presence of 2 mu-M cAMP. This activity ratio is stable
      in crude homogenates over 15 min of incubation; it is not affected by up to 30
      fold dilution of the tissue volume. The ratio is elevated to a variable degree in
      hearts taken immediately from the animal but falls to a stable, basal level of
      0.15 to 0.20 after 15 min of perfusion in vitro. An optimal concentration of
      epinephrine (10 mu-M) in the perfusate elevates cAMP from 0.5 to 1.3 nmol per g
      of tissue and increases the protein kinase activity ratio from 0.20 to 0.65. When
      hearts are perfused with a steady, submaximal concentration of epinephrine (0.4
      mu-M), the level of cAMP and the protein kinase activity ratio rise in parallel
      within 15 s and remain elevated for at least 10 min. When epinephrine is removed
      from the perfusion medium, the level of cAMP and enzyme activity ratio decline
      rapidly to basal levels. Both glucagon and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1
      methyl-3-isobutylxanthine also increase the cardiac cAMP levels and protein
      kinase activity ratio in a dose-dependent manner. Glucagon acts as rapidly as
      does epinephrine whereas 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine requires at least 30 s
      before any effect can be observed. Insulin by itself does not significantly
      affect the cyclic nucleotide level or enzyme activity. The hormone has not been
      observed to lower the cAMP level or protein kinase activity in the heart under
      any conditions tested. In concentrations of 10 microunits per ml or greater, it
      does, however, cause a slight rise in the tissue level of cAMP and the protein
      kinase activity when these have been elevated to intermediate levels by exposure
      to epinephrine. This effect could only be observed when hearts were treated with
      catecholamine and could not be detected with glucagon or 1-methyl-3
      isobutylxanthine. In all cases tested, slight increases in the protein kinase
      activity ratio (from 0.2 to 0.3) were accompanied by much greater increases in
      the amount of phosphorylase in the a form (20% to 70%). It was observed that at
      perfusion times greater than 3 min, there was a significant reduction in
      phosphorylase activity even though both the cAMP level and protein kinase
      activity remained elevated. In these studies, changes in the protein kinase
      activity correlate well with the tissue cAMP levels under all conditions tested.

PMID- 168194
TI  - Studies on highly metabolically active acetylation and phosphorylation of
      histones.
AB  - The capacity to effectively label tumor cell hostones using very short pulses of
      [3-H]acetate and [32-P]phosphate (1 to 10 min) has been developed. Four histone
      fractions F3, F2a1, F2a2, and F2b are extensively acetylated in short time
      periods. About 70% of the acetate accumulated on the histone during a short pulse
      is removed with a half-life of similar to 3 min. The rest of the metabolically
      active acetate is removed with a half-life of 30 to 40 min. Histones F2a1, F2a2,
      and F1 are acetylated at the NH2 terminus and this modification is metabolically
      stable. In short pulses, histones are labeled with 32-P in the order F2a2 greater
      than F1 greater than F3 greater than F2a1 greater than F2b. All fractions have a
      fairly rapid turnover time (t1/2 similar 20 to 40 min) except F1 phosphate which
      turns over some 5 times more slowly.

PMID- 168195
TI  - The anomeric form of D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate used as substrate in the muscle
      and yeast aldolase reactions.
AB  - From a series of rapid quench kinetic experiments, it has been demonstrated that
      muscle D-fructose bisphosphate aldolase catalyzes the cleavage of beta-D-fructose
      1,6-bisphosphate but not that of the alpha anomer, although the alpha anomer may
      be tightly bound. Yeast D-fructose bisphosphate aldolase appears to utilize both
      alpha and beta anomers of the substrate, with yeast apoaldolase catalyzing the
      interconversion of the alpha and beta forms.

PMID- 168196
TI  - Activation of protein kinase in thyroid slices by thyroid-stimulating hormone.
AB  - Protein kinase activity in homogenates of control thyroid slices and those
      incubated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prostaglandin EI was assayed
      and correlated with changes in cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)
      concentrations and binding of [3H]cAMP. Both TSH and prostaglandin E1 (25 mug/ml)
      increased protein kinase activity and the activity ratio (expressed as activity -
      cAMP to activity plus cAMP). It is unlikely that such activation reflects effects
      of the increased cAMP liberated at the time of homogenization. Hormone-induced
      activation of protein kinase persisted even after the homogenate had been diluted
      so that its cAMP concentration would be insufficient to achieve maximal
      activation of the enzyme. In contrast to the previous results of J. D. Corbin, T.
      R. Soderling, and C. R. Park ((1973 J. Biol. Chem. 248, 1813) using adipose
      tissue, homogenization of thyroid tissue in 0.5 M NaCl and chromatography using
      Sephadex G-100 did not seem to stabilize dissociation of protein kinase into its
      receptor and catalytic subunits. However, increasing amounts of NaCl in the
      homogenizing buffer were associated with an increase in the cAMP independence of
      enzyme activity. Dilution of the homogenate did not change the protein kinase
      activity ratio whether the homogenizing buffer contained NcCl or not. Increasing
      concentrations of NaF inhibited protein kinase activity. Within 1 to 3 min of
      incubation of thyroid slices with TSH, protein kinase activity and the activity
      ratio were increased significantly. This correlated quite well with increased
      cAMP concentrations in the slices and inhibition of [3H]cAMP binding to the
      homogenates. Maximal activation of the enzyme was achieved by 10 min which
      corresponds to the time of maximal effect on cAMP concentrations. Activation of
      protein kinase was achieved by 0.125 milliunit/ml of TSH and maximal effects with
      0.5 to 1.25 milliunits/ml. These amounts agree well with those required for other
      effects of TSH. Although larger amounts of TSH produced even greater increases in
      cAMP concentrations this was not always associated with augmented inhibition of
      [3H]cAMP binding. These results are compatible with the concept that the TSH
      mediated increase in cAMP is associated with activation of protein kinase in the
      intact cell. They also suggest that not all of the intracellular cAMP is
      available for activation of protein kinase.

PMID- 168197
TI  - Purification and properties of a phosphohydrolase from Enterobacter aerogenes.
AB  - A phosphohydrolase from Enterobacter aerogenes which hydrolyzes phosphate mono-
      and diesters has been purified approximately 50-fold to apparent homoeneity and
      crystallized. The enzyme is produced when the bacteria utilize phosphate diesters
      as sole phosphorus source. From sedimentation equilibrium experiments the
      molecular weight of the native enzyme is 173,000; from sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the subunit molecular weight is 29,000,
      indicating that the enzyme is hexameric. The hydrolytic activity of the enzyme
      using both mono- and diesters is maximal at pH 5; THE Km of the enzyme for bis-p
      nitrophenyl phosphate is constant from pH 5 to 8.5 whereas that for p-nitrophenyl
      phosphate increases about 40-fold as the pH increases over the same range. The
      phosphodiesterase activity is not inhibited by chelating agents but is inhibited
      by several divalent metal ions. 31-P NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the
      hydrolysis products of glycoside cyclic phosphates. The enzyme-catalyzed
      hydrolysis of methyl beta-D-ribofuranoside cyclic 3:5-phosphate yields
      exclusively the 5-phosphate whereas that of adenosine 3:5-monophosphate yields a
      4:1 mixture of 3- and 5- AMP.

PMID- 168198
TI  - The enthalpies of hydrolysis of acyclic, monocyclic, and glycoside cyclic
      phosphate diesters.
AB  - The enthalpies of hydrolysis of acyclic, monocyclic, and glycoside cyclic
      phosphate diesters have been measured by flow microcalorimetry using a
      phosphohydrolase isolated from Enterobacter aerogenes as catalyst. The values so
      obtained (kilocalories per mol) (at 25 degrees) for sodium salts are: diethyl
      phosphate, minus 1.8 plus or minus 0.5; ethylene phosphate, minus 6.4 plus or
      minus 0.2; trimethylene phosphate, minus 3.0 plus or minus 0.2; tetramethylene
      phosphate, minus 2.2 plus or minus 0.1; methyl beta-D-ribofuranoside cyclic 3:5
      phosphate, minus 11.1 plus or minus 0.2; methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside cyclic
      4:6-phosphate, minus 6.3 plus or minus 0.1; and cyclic adenosine 3:5
      monophosphate (5-ester bond), minus 11.1 plus or minus 0.4 (10-minus 3 M Mg-2+).
      The enthalpy of hydrolysis of the 3-ester bond of cyclic adenosine 3:5
      monophosphate (10-minus 3 M Mg-2+) has been revised to minus 11.1 plus or minus
      0.2 kcal/mol from the value of minus 13.2 plus or minus 0.4 kcal/mol reported
      previously (greengard, p., rudolph, s.a., and sturtevant, j. m. (1969) j. biol.
      Chem. 244, 4798). All these values pertain to the hydrolysis of singly charged
      diesters to form singly charged monoesters. The data for the acyclic and
      monocyclic phosphodiesters are in qualitative agreement with their hydrolytic
      reactivities. The enthalpies measured for the hydrolysis of the glycoside cyclic
      phosphates cannot now be explained on the basis of their structures or
      reactivities; perhaps a contribution to the enthalpies by solvation or a
      previously unrecognized geometric strain effect may be responsible for the large
      exothermic enthalpies of these cyclic phosphate diesters. Changes in the heat
      capacity, increment Cp, for some of the hydrolytic reactions were also measured.

PMID- 168199
TI  - Pyridoxal phosphate. An anionic probe for protein amino groups exposed on the
      outer and inner surfaces of intact human red blood cells.
AB  - Pyridoxal phosphate is a potent probe for exploring the "sidedness" of proteins
      in the membrane of the intact red blood cell. It reacts with amino groups with a
      high degree of specificity, forming a Schiff's base that can be fixed as an
      irreversible bond upon reduction with NaBH4; its binding site can be identified
      by use of [3-H]pyridoxal phosphate or NaB3-H4; it can be used as a surface probe
      under conditions of minimal penetration, or it can be used as a probe for
      proteins on the inside of the membrane under conditions of substantial uptake.
      Pyridoxal phosphate uptake involves a rapid and a slow component. The former
      represents the binding to the outer surface of the membrane; it is not
      substantially affected by pH and temperature, but is reduced considerably by
      pretreatment of cells by 4,4-diisothiocyano-2,2-stilbenedisulfonic acid, a
      specific inhibitor of anion transport. The slow component represents penetration
      into the cell; it is blocked by high pH, low temperature, or pretreatment with
      the disulfonic stilbene. Pyridoxal phosphate itself is also an effective and
      specific inhibitor of the permeation of other anions. Under conditions of minimal
      uptake, the only labeled proteins are three glycoproteins and a protein of
      apparent molecular weight 95,000. Under conditions of substantial uptake into the
      cell, the other major protein bands seen by staining on acrylamide gels after
      electrophoresis are labeled. It is concluded that virtually all of the major
      membrane proteins interact with pyridoxal phosphate from one side of the membrane
      or the other. The differences in labeling under conditions of minimal or maximal
      uptake can, therefore, be attributed to the sidedness in the distribution of the
      membrane proteins rather than to differences in their reactivity.

PMID- 168200
TI  - Protein kinase stimulation of a reconstituted cholesterol side chain cleavage
      enzyme system in the bovine corpus luteum.
AB  - A solubilized preparation of cytochrome P-450, obtained by treatment of
      mitochondria from bovine corpora lutea with phospholipase A, contained all of the
      necessary components for the cholesterol side chain cleavage activity. The
      solubilized cytochrome -450 preparation could be isolated essentially free of
      endogenous cholesterol side chain cleavage activity by various fractionation
      techniques. A cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme system was reconstituted
      using the isolated cytochrome P-450 preparation and purified adrenodoxin and
      adrenodoxin reductase (components of the enzyme system purified from the adrenal
      cortex). Protein kinase was partially purified from the cytosol fraction of
      bovine corpora lutea. It was purified 43-fold and the activity was highly
      dependent on cyclic adenosine 3:5-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). When ATP and this
      partially purified cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase were added to the
      reconstituted cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme assay in which cytochrome P
      450 was limiting, a stimulation (20 to 74%) of the conversion of cholesterol into
      pregnenolone was observed. This stimulation was statistically significant with p
      value less than 0.001. The stimulatory effect of the protein kinase appeared to
      be dependent on ATP and was not mimicked by bovine serum albumin, indicating that
      the effect was specific for protein kinase. Protein kinase caused a
      phosphorylation of the cytochrome P-450 preparation when large amounts of this
      preparation were used in the assay. It is concluded from these results that the
      direct activation of the cytochrome P-450 component of the cholesterol side chain
      cleavage by protein kinase may be one of the ways by which cyclic AMP mediates
      the effect of luteinizine.

PMID- 168201
TI  - Synthesis and turnover of intracisternal A-particle structural protein in
      cultured neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - Synthesis and turnover of the main structural protein (P73) of intracisternal A
      particles were studied in mouse neuroblastoma cells in tissue culture. Triton X
      100:EDTA-insoluble pellets containing 95% of the A-particle antigen in the cells
      were prepared and analyzed by electrophoresis in Na dodecyl-SO4-minus
      polyacrylamide gels. A 73,000 molecular weight component was prominent in pellets
      from three lines of neuroblastoma which contain numerous A-particles and this
      component was identified as the A-particle structural protein P73. It was absent
      in pellets prepared from cells which do not contain A-particles. Incorporation of
      labeled amino acids into P73 represented approximately 1.2% of total cell
      incorporation and this proportion did not change when the cell growth changed
      from log phase to stationary phase. Label appeared P73 within 2 min after
      radioactive amino acids were added to the medium. Pulse-chase and inhibitor
      studies confirmed antigenic measurements in demonstrating that the pool of P73
      not assembled into A-particles was small. Turnover studies showed that P73 gained
      and lost label more rapidly than the average cell protein. In one cell line which
      was thoroughly characterized, approximately 60% of the main A-particle protein
      was estimated to turn over in a 24-hour period. Although the cells released
      approximately 10% of the proteins synthesized into the culture fluid, A-particle
      protein did not appear to be released. Analysis of culture fluid failed to reveal
      A-particles, soluble A-particle proteins, or A-particle antigen. It appears,
      therefore, that the particles are relatively rapidly synthesized and degraded,
      and that turnover occurs entirely intracellularly.

PMID- 168202
TI  - Quenching of protein fluorescence by transient intermediates in the liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase reaction.
AB  - The addition of saturating concentrations of NAD-+ and alcohol to liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase in a stopped flow fluorimeter results in a triphasic quenching of
      enzyme fluorescence. A rapid quenching occurs with a rate constant of 300 to 500
      s-minus 1, followed by a slower reaction at 50 to 100 s-minus 1, and ultimately
      followed by a very slow reaction. The addition of NAD-+ to enzyme in the absence
      of substrate causes a rapid quenching of enzyme fluorescence at 300 to 500 s
      minus 1, with the same amplitude as the rapid phase in the presence of substrate.
      These studies demonstrate that NAD-+ binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase
      causes a conformational change at a rate compatible with the previously reported
      rate constant for proton release, indicating that proton release is probably
      coupled to the conformational change.

PMID- 168203
TI  - Purine and pyrimidine transport by cultured Novikoff cells. Specificities and
      mechanism of transport and relationship to phosphoribosylation.
AB  - Adenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine were rapidly incorporated into the acid
      soluble nucleotide pool and nucleic acids by wild type Novikoff cells.
      Incorporation followed normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics, but the following
      evidence indicates that specific transport processes precede the
      phosphoribosyltransferase reactions and are the rate-limiting step in purine
      incorporation by whole cells. Cells of an azaguanine-resistant subline of
      Novikoff cells which lacked hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
      activity and failed to incorporate guanine or hypoxanthine into the nucleotide
      pool, exhibited uptake of guanine and hypoxanthine by a saturable process.
      Similarly, wild type cells which had been preincubated in a glucose-free basal
      medium containing KCN and iodoacetate transported guanine and hypoxanthine
      normally, although a conversion of these purines to nucleotides did not occur in
      these cells. The mutant and KCN-iodoacetate treated wild type cells also
      exhibited countertransport of guanine and hypoxanthine when preloaded with
      various purines, uracil, and pyrimidine nucleosides. The cells also possess a
      saturable transport system for uracil although they lack
      phosphoribosyltransferase activity for uracil. In the absence of
      phosphoribosylation, none of the substrates was accumulated against a
      concentration gradient. Thus transport is by facilitated diffusion
      (nonconcentrative transport). Furthermore, the apparent Km values for purine
      uptake by untreated wild type and azaguanine-resistant cells were higher and the
      apparent Vmax values were lower than those for the corresponding
      phosphoribosyltransferases...

PMID- 168204
TI  - Ontogeny of glucocorticoid receptors in rat liver.
AB  - Specific receptors for glucocorticoids are present in liver cytosols of rat
      fetuses at least as early as the 18th day of gestation. The concentration of the
      receptor begins to decline after the 20th day reaching undetectable levels
      shortly before and after parturition. The receptor can be detected again 1 to 2
      hours after birth, and its levels increase markedly to higher than adult values
      between the 2nd and 5th day. The reason for the failure to detect specific
      hormone binding near parturition appears to be due to occupation of binding sites
      by endogenous steroids rather than the absence of the receptor. This is indicated
      by the demonstration of both cytoplasmic and nuclear receptor sites in liver
      slices of newborn rats incubated with labeled dexamethasone at 37 degrees. The
      cytoplasmic receptors of fetal and adult liver differ in their relative affinity
      for cortisol and corticosterone. The fetal receptors have a higher affinity for
      corticosterone than cortisol while the reverse is true for the adult receptors.
      These observations suggest either the existence of dissimilar receptors in fetal
      and adult liver or the presence of more than one type of receptor sites. It is
      therefore possible that subtle differences in the nature of hepatic receptors may
      be partly responsible for the maturation-dependent qualitative differences in
      tissue responsiveness to glucocorticoids.

PMID- 168205
TI  - Regulation of mitochondrial membrane assembly in Neurospora crassa. Transient
      expression of a respiratory mutant phenotype.
AB  - Cultures of mutant cni-1, a chromosomal mutant of Neurospora crassa, undergo a
      marked change in respiratory properties as the age of the culture increases.
      Early log phase cultures have a high level of respiration that is insensitive to
      inhibition by cyanide or antimycin A. Late log and stationary phase cultures have
      reduced rates of respiration. A high percentage of this respiration is inhibited
      by cyanide. Mitochondria from early log phase cni-1 have an excess of cytochrome
      c and little or no detectable cytochrome aa3. Mitochondria from late log and
      stationary phase cultures have levels of c-, b-, and a-type cytochromes that are
      not significantly different in concentration from those found in wild type cells.
      The cytochrome aa3 content and the cytochrome oxidase activity of cni-1
      mitochondria increase 5- to 10-fold as the age of the culture increases.
      Mitochondria from early log phase cells of cni-1 synthesize only polypeptides of
      apparent molecular weights 7,000 to 10,000 and donot synthesize any of the
      mitochondrial components of cytochrome oxidase. Mitochondria from late log and
      stationary phase cells synthesize the normal complement of mitochondrial
      translation products including the mitochondrial components of cytochrome
      oxidase. The assembly of cytochrome oxidase is likely due to the availability of
      the mitochondrially synthesized components of the enzyme. The regulation of
      mitochondrial translation in the cni-1 mutant is independent of the nutrient
      content of the growth medium and is due to the accumulation or depletion of some
      component within the cell.

PMID- 168206
TI  - Binding of glucocorticoid receptors to DNA.
AB  - DNA has been implicated as the nuclear acceptor for receptor-glucocorticoid
      complexes. The present study concerns the interaction of these complexes,
      isolated from cultured rat hepatoma cells, with purified DNA. This association is
      rapid, reaching a maximum within a few minutes at 0 degrees, whereas dissociation
      requires several hours. DNA binds neither free glucocorticoids nor those
      complexed with transcortin or cytosol proteins different from the receptor.
      Receptors which are not complexed by steroid have little or no affinity for DNA.
      "Activation," necessary for the binding of receptor-steroid complexes to isolated
      nuclei, also enhances DNA binding. The capacity of DNA for binding receptor
      steroid complexes is large; saturation was not observed at the complex
      concentrations studied, using either crude or partially purified receptor
      preparations. The association of complexes with DNA is inhibited by divalent
      cations, at increasing ionic strengths, and by mercurial reagents. Complexes bind
      equally well to bacterial, bacteriophage, or rat DNA; however, there was either
      no or substantially reduced binding by bacterial 23 S rRNA. The binding of
      complexes to native DNA is roughly 3-fold greater than to denatured DNA. These
      characteristics are consistent with the possibility that DNA is the nuclear
      acceptor for receptor-glucocorticoid complexes; however, the actual composition
      of the acceptor sites remains unknown.

PMID- 168207
TI  - Characterization of a human intestinal fucolipid with blood group Lea activity.
AB  - A fucolipid that carried human blood group Lea activity was isolated from human
      small intestine. It contianed fucose, galactose, N-acetyl glucosamine, glucose,
      and ceramide in a molar ratio of 1:2:1:1:1. After periodate oxidation only 1
      molecule of galactose and the N-acetylglucosamine remained. Permethylation of the
      lipid gave derivatives of a terminal fucose and galactose residue together with
      2,4,6-tri-O-methylgalactose and 2,3,6-tri-O-methylglucose. After removal of
      fucose the lipid could be converted to a ceramide trihexoside with beta
      galactosidase, and this, in turn, to ceramide lactoside by the action of beta-N
      acetylhexosaminidase. Both enzymes converted the defucosylated derivative to a
      ceramide monohexoside. The methylated and the methylated and reduced derivatives
      of the intact lipid gave ions in mass spectrometry for a terminal hexose and
      deoxyhexose, a terminal trisaccharide of hexose, deoxyhexose and N
      acetylhexosamine, and terminal tetra-and pentasaccharides. Ceramide fragments
      characteristic of hydroxy fatty acids with 16, 22, 23, and 24 carbons were found
      together with those of phytospingosine as the major long chain base. On the basis
      of these results and the immunologic activity of the fucolipid, the following
      structure is proposed: betaGal (1 leads to 3)betaGlcNAc (1 leads to 3)betaGal (1
      leads to 4)Glc-ceramide alphaFuc (1 leads to 4).

PMID- 168208
TI  - Insulin secretion. Interrelationships of glucose, cyclic adenosine 3:5
      monophosphate, and calcium.
AB  - Glucose elevates both cyclic adenosine 3:5-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and insulin
      secretion rapidly and in a parallel dose-dependent fashion in perifused rat
      islets. Theophylline stimulates cyclic AMP much more than glucose, yet secretion
      is much less. When the two agents are combined, cyclic AMP is similar to
      theophylline alone yet secretion is augmented synergistically. Glucose-induced
      cyclic AMP generation and insulin secretion are dependent on extracellular
      calcium. Theophylline-induced insulin secretion is also extracellular calcium
      dependent; however, theophylline-induced cyclic AMP elevation is independent of
      extracellular calcium. Thus, extracellular calcium has multiple effects on
      insulin secretion, some of which appear unrelated to a terminal secretory
      process. When glucose is combined with theophylline at physiologic levels of
      extracellular calcium, both the first and second phases of secretion are
      prominent. At extracellular calcium levels of 0.05 mM, only the second phase is
      prominent whereas at 10 nM extracellular calcium (ethylene glycol bis(beta
      aminoethyl ether)-N,-tetraacetic acid) only the first phase is prominent. A
      divalent cation ionophore (a23187, Eli Lilly), which transports calcium and
      magnesium ions across biological membranes, was used to elucidate further the
      role of calcium and magnesium. If the ionophore (10 muM) is perifused for 5 min
      at low extracellular calcium and magnesium, and physiologic calcium is then
      added, a sudden spike of insulin release occurs in the absence of cyclic AMP
      generation. Similar results were obtained with magnesium. When the ionophore is
      perifused for 30 min at low calcium and magnesium, insulin secretion again occurs
      in the absence of cyclic AMP generation. Electron microscopic examination of the
      B cells following perifusion with the ionophore shows no specific alterations.
      These observations suggest that: (a) glucose elevates cyclic AMP, but the latter
      acts primarily as a positive feed-forward modulator of glucose-induced insulin
      release; and (b) extracellular calcium has multiple effects on insulin secretion
      both upon, and independent of, the cyclic AMP system.

PMID- 168209
TI  - A specific cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-binding protein in Caulobacter
      crescentus.
AB  - A binding protein specific for cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP)
      has been partially purified from extracts of the eubacterium Caulobacter
      crescentus and resolved from cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      binding activity. Binding of cyclic GMP is not affected by the addition of cyclic
      AMP or 5'-GMP, but is inhibited about 50 percent by a 50-fold molar excess of
      dibutyryl cyclic GMP or cyclic hypoxanthine 3':5'-monophosphate. The apparent
      dissociation constant for the cyclic GMP-binding protein complex is 1.1 X 10(-6)
      M.

PMID- 168211
TI  - Retention of endocrine function by an insulin-secreting pancreatic islet cell
      tumour from Syrain hamster through serial transplantation in nude mice.
AB  - An insulin-secreting islet cell tumour of the Syrian hamster has been
      transplanted serially in the congenitally immune-deficient nude mouse, in order
      to test the potential usefulness of this mouse mutant as a graft carrier of
      heterologous tumours with stable differentiated phenotypes. The incidence of
      tumour growth was very high, and the hamster tumour retained its functional and
      histologic characteristics during consecutive passages in nude mice. These
      results show that nude mice may be useful carriers of differentiated tumours from
      non-inbred species including man, and for the isolation of cell lines from such
      tumours.

PMID- 168210
TI  - Action of cytochalasin D on cells of established lines. III. Zeiosis and
      movements at the cell surface.
AB  - The projection of knobby protuberances at the cell surface (zeiosis) is a general
      cellular response to cytochalasin D (CD), resulting from herniation of endoplasm
      through undefended places of the cortex during cell contractions and displacement
      of microfilaments induced by CD. Zeiosis is prevented by agents that interfere
      with the contractile response to CD, such as inhibitors of energy metabolism or
      cyclic AMP. The developed protrusions, which remain relatively stable in the
      presence of CD, contain chiefly mono- or subribosomes, and occasionally other
      organelles normally resident in endoplasm; compact microfilament felt occupies
      their bases and extends into their proximal stalks. Protein synthesis in the
      knobs is less than half of that in the polyribosome-containing endoplasm residual
      in the main body of the cell. Knobs first protrude singly near the margin of the
      contracting cells and rapidly cluster into small groups in the periphery even at
      lower temperature. The clusters then migrate centripetally and coalesce into a
      large aggregate near the apex of the immobilized and retracted cell: this
      movement is energy- and temperature-dependent. Aggregation is more prominent and
      stable in cell lines of epithelial derivation than in fibroblastic or other lines
      in which nuclear extrusion occurs more readily. The latter is regarded as a
      special manifestation of zeiosis. Macromarkers, such as latex spherules, migrate
      like the zeiotic knobs on the cell surfaces in the presence of CD. The aggregated
      knobs, although persistent for days in the presence of CD, are rapidly recessed
      after withdrawal of the agent as ruffling is resumed and the cells spread. These
      movements are discussed in terms of current concepts of mobility of the cell
      membrane.

PMID- 168212
TI  - Haemoglobin synthesis in fused cells.
AB  - When primitive erythroid cells from 5-day-old chick embryos are exposed to
      inactivated Sendai virus they do not undergo haemolysis but fuse with other cells
      by the normal process of cytoplasmic coalescence. In this way cells actively
      engaged in the synthesis of haemoglobin may be fused with others that are not. In
      heterokaryons formed by the fusion of such erythroid cells with cells from
      established mouse or hamster lines, haemoglobin synthesis initially continues at
      a high level, but then declines and ceases altogether within a period of about 60
      h. This decline affects the synthesis of both haem and globin and reflects the
      activity of specific regulatory mechanism, for under these conditions other chick
      proteins continue to be synthesized. The haemoglobin synthesized in the
      heterokaryons is entirely chick, and not mouse or hamster, haemoglobin.

PMID- 168213
TI  - Sources of error in counting tritium-labelled adenosine and guanosine derivatives
      on chromatograms.

PMID- 168214
TI  - Estimation of 1-alpha(2-3H)acetylmethadol in biological materials and its
      separation from some metabolites and congeners on glass fibre sheets.

PMID- 168215
TI  - Studies in laboratory-use reagents. III. Simple thin-layer chromatographic system
      for the separation of cannabinoids.

PMID- 168216
TI  - Quantitative thin-layer chromatography of pyrimethamine and related
      diaminopyrimidines in body fluids and tissues.
AB  - Several 2,4-diaminopyrimidines which inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
      are quantitated following extraction and separation on silica gel thin-layer
      chromatographic plates. These compounds are candidates for the treatment of brain
      tumors and meningeal leukemia, because they have the ability to cross the blood
      brain barrier. The ultraviolet absorption of the pyrimidine ring at 275 nm is
      utilized to quantitate these compounds on thin-layer chromatographic plates with
      a scanning instrument. This method offers the advantages of speed, specificity,
      versatility and sensitivity, and has proven to be satisfactory for the
      measurement of as little as 10 ng/ml of these compounds in biological fluids.

PMID- 168217
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of sulphonamides on silica gel G and polyamide layers
      by means of a polar mobile phase.
AB  - A thin-layer chromatographic system based on polyamide or silica gel G layers and
      an aqueous mobile phase was used for the separation of a series of sulphonamides.
      A linear relationship between RM values on polyamide layers and the acetone
      concentration in the mobile phase allowed the calculation of extrapolated RM
      values. The influence of the nature of the stationary phase on the migration of
      compounds is discussed.

PMID- 168218
TI  - Thin-layer chromatographic separation of gangliosides.

PMID- 168219
TI  - Detection of mineral oils in edible oils by thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 168220
TI  - Improvements in the thin-layer chromatography of natural products. I. Thin-layer
      chromatography of the aflatoxins.
AB  - During the period which has elapsed since the aflatoxins were first isolated, one
      of the main problems has been the separation of the individual aflatoxins in pure
      form from aflatoxin-containing extracts. This separation has been best effected
      by thin-layer chromatography, and in this paper we describe how some of the
      difficulties may be overcome by using an appropriate combination of solvent
      system and silica gel preparation. For the examination of aflatoxin-containing
      extracts from the mycelia of Aspergillus flavus moulds, an initial freeze-drying
      step has been found to improve appreciably the quality of the chromatograms
      obtained.

PMID- 168221
TI  - The use of sephadex LH-20 to separate dodecyl sulphate and buffer salts from
      denatured proteins.

PMID- 168222
TI  - Separation of phenylthiohydantoin-amino acids by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A method for the separation of all phenylthiohydantoin (PTH)-amino acids except
      PTH-arginine and PTH-histidine by high-pressure liquid chromatography on a silica
      column is described. Elution is performed with a concave solvent gradient from
      hexane-methanol-propanol (3980:9:11) to methanol-propanol (9:11). A complete run
      is achieved in 40 min with a pressure drop of 1000 p.s.i. over the 250 mm X 2.1
      mm column. Eluted peaks of 2-5 nmole are easily detected by their ultraviolet
      absorption at 254 nm. This method is superior to existing gas-liquid and thin
      layer chromatographic techniques since all PTH-amino acids except PTH-arginine
      and PTH-histidine may be both separated and quantitated in a single run of 40
      min. The use of the technique in conjunction with an automated peptide sequence
      analyser is illustrated.

PMID- 168223
TI  - Gas chromatography of amino acids.
AB  - This review summarizes all papers that have appeared on the gas chromatography of
      amino acids (including the iodoamino acids) and their enantiomers in the period
      1956-mid-1974. It has been found that the methods used for analysis of amino
      acids can be divided into three classes: (1) degradative procedures and
      techniques for converting the amino acid into another chemical compound; (2)
      procedures based on esterification of the carboxyl group and derivatization of
      the a-amino and other reactive groups in at least two steps; and (3) procedures
      based on a simultaneous derivatization of the carboxyl and a-amino groups in one
      reaction medium. For the treatment of the amino acid or its alkyl ester, three
      approaches can be distinguished for the two latter cases, i.e., acylation,
      alkylation (including silylation) and condensation. Of the procedures used for
      the resolution of optical antipodes, two methods are discussed, namely analysis
      of diastereoisomers on optically inactive stationary phases and separation of
      enantiomers on optically active stationary phases.

PMID- 168224
TI  - The liquid chromatography of lipids. A critical review.

PMID- 168225
TI  - The plasma cortisol and corticotropin response to hypoglycemia following adrenal
      steroid and ACTH administration.
AB  - The plasma cortisol response to hypoglycemia is widely used as a test of
      hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. It was the aim of this study to
      determine whether this test gives a reliable indication of pituitary
      corticotropin (ACTH) release in patients recovering from adrenocortical
      suppression due to corticosteroid or ACTH therapy. The 16 patients who were
      studied (6 on more than one occasion) had received in excess of 5 mg predinisone
      or equivalent daily for over 12 months. The insulin tolerance tests were carried
      out 18 h after stopping steroid therapy. The tests were then repeated three to
      four days after adrenal function had been restored (as indicated by urinary
      oxogenic steroid excretion of greater than 35 mg/24 h) by zinc tetracosactrin
      administration. The ACTH response to hypoglycemia was significantly impaired in
      the steroid-treated group. However with the exception of one patient who had
      persistently elevated resting ACTH levels there was a significant correlation (P
      less than 0.01) between the maximum increments in plasma cortisol and ACTH during
      hypoglycemia. No significant difference in sensitivity to endogenous ACTH could
      be demonstrated between the steroid-treated group and 12 normal control subjects.
      Following ACTH administration the plasma ACTH and growth hormone responses to
      hypoglycemia were significantly reduced, but the response in plasma cortisol was
      not significantly affected. It is concluded that the plasma cortisol response to
      hypoglycemia gives a useful indication of ACTH release in steroid-treated
      patients provided that they have not recently received exogenous ACTH.

PMID- 168226
TI  - In vitro release and biosynthesis of tumor ACTH in ectopic ACTH producing tumors.
AB  - Tumor tissues obtained from 4 patients with the ectopic ACTH syndrome were
      studied for release and synthesis of tumor ACTH, using an in vitro incubation
      system. The effect of various agents on release of tumor ACTH was evaluated in
      three cases; beta-MSH released and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      formed in the tissue were determined in one. Biosynthetic experiments using
      labeled amino acid incorporation were performed in two cases. Secretion of tumor
      ACTH was significantly stimulated in all cases by crude rat median eminence
      extract which was also effective in stimulating beta-MSH secretion associated
      with elevated tissue cyclic AMP levels in one. Addition of cyclic AMP and
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP caused a significant increase in release of both tumor ACTH
      and beta-MSH in one. Biogenic amines (norepinephrine and serotonin) markedly
      elevated tussie cyclic AMP levels without a corresponding increase of hormone
      release in one. Incorporation experiments revealed that 3H- or 14C-phenylalanine
      was incorporated into immunoreactive ACTH of a larger molecular size (big ACTH)
      in both cases by chromatographic procedures. However, biological activity of big
      ACTH was found to be undetectable by an in vivo steroidogenic assay. A mild
      tryptic digestion of the big forms resulted in the appearance of little ACTH to
      which the major radioactive peak shifted. These data suggest that the mechanism
      of release of tumor ACTH and beta-MSH is very similar to that of the pituitary,
      and that intracellular cyclic AMP may in part play some role in release of both
      hormones. It is also suggested that some ectopic ACTH producing tumors
      predominantly synthesize big ACTH, a possible precursor of ACTH, with less
      bioactivity.

PMID- 168227
TI  - The contribution of the zona fasciculata and glomerulosa to plasma 11
      deoxycorticosterone levels in man.
AB  - Using a newly developed radioassay method, plasma 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC)
      levels were studied in 6 human volunteers for diurnal variation and for response
      to ACTH, metyrapone, dexamethasone, and low or high dietary sodium. DOC reached
      its peak of 6.4 +/- 1.2 ng/100 ml at 8:00 AM, and its nadir of less than 1 ng/100
      ml at midnight. Corresponding plasma cortisol values were 14.1 +/- 1.4 mug/100 ml
      and 5.9 +/- 1.3 mug/100 ml respectively. After intramuscular ACTH (Cortrosyn 0.25
      mg), DOC rose to 28.7 +/- 1.8 ng/100 ml in 1 h. Dexamethasone treatment for 3
      days reduced DOC to less than 1 ng/100 ml in all 6 subjects. Oral metyrapone for
      24 h resulted in dramatically elevated DOC levels of 1568 +/- 183 ng/100 ml. High
      dietary sodium did not affect DOC levels which averaged 5.6 +/- 0.7 ng/100 ml.
      After 3 days of sodium restriction, DOC levels were unchanged at 4.8 +/- 0.5
      ng/100 ml (P greater than 0.9) despite high plasma renin activity and elevated
      plasma and urinary aldosterone. Dexamethasone was then added, and the diet
      continued for a further 2 days. In contrast to the effect of dexamethasone during
      ad lib sodium intake, DOC was not suppressed but slightly elevated to 8.6 +/- 1.4
      ng/100 ml (P = 0.01), whereas plasma aldosterone decreased from 32.9 +/- 1.5 to
      22.1 +/- 2.1 ng/100 ml. Seven additional subjects underwent the same diet for 5
      days without the addition of dexamethasone. There was no change in their DOC
      values. It is concluded that the zona fasciculata is the main source of DOC, but
      in the presence of dexamethasone a contribution from the zona glomerulosa during
      sodium depletion is uncovered.

PMID- 168228
TI  - Inhibition of ACTH response to oral and intravenous metyrapone by
      antiserotoninergic treatment in man.
AB  - Plasma ACTH levels after oral and iv metyrapone administration were studied in 7
      and 5 healthy women respectively both under basal conditions and after a 4-day
      treatment with metergoline, a specific antiserotoninergic agent. In 3 additional
      women, the effects of methysergide, another antiserotoninergic drug, on the
      plasma ACTH rise induced by oral metyrapone, were evaluated. A significant
      lowering of the plasma ACTH levels attained after either oral or iv metyrapone
      was observed following metergoline administration: 149+/-64.3 vs 239+/-49.1 pg/ml
      (mean peak values), P less than 0.05 in the oral test and 331+/-19.7 vs 221+/
      19.5 pg/ml, P less than 0.02 in the iv test. The fall of plasma cortisol caused
      by metyrapone was comparable before and after the antiserotoninergic treatment.
      An interference of metergoline in the ACTH radioimmunoassay was also excluded.
      After metergoline administration, a slight reduction in the baseline plasma ACTH
      values was noted: 79+/-7.7 vs 67+/-7.7 pg/ml (NS). A decrease, however not
      statistically significant, of the metyrapone-induced plasma ACTH elevation
      occured after methysergide administration: 421+/-150.7 vs 344+/-135.1 pg/ml.
      These results can be interpreted as indicating that antiserotoninergic treatment
      caused an inhibition of hypophysial ACTH release in response to metyrapone.
      Caution is recommended, however, before concluding, on the basis of these
      findings, that serotonin as such plays a physiological stimulating role on ACTH
      secretion.

PMID- 168229
TI  - Plasma aldosterone response to low dose ACTH stimulation.
AB  - The brief (60-min) infusion of a small amount (1.25 mug) of ACTH into 7 normal
      subjects on an unrestricted sodium intake resulted in a vigorous plasma
      aldosterone response in each case. This finding suggests that physiologic
      fluctuations in ACTH may significantly alter aldosterone secretion in normal man.

PMID- 168230
TI  - Secretory regulation of endocrine pancreas: Cyclic AMP and glucagon secretion.
AB  - Activation of adrenergic beta receptors has been found to stimulate insulin
      release in vitro that may be mediated through the augmentation of cyclic AMP in
      the beta cell. The activation of adrenergic alpha receptors in the beta cell
      inhibits the insulin release. The present studies have shown that isoproterenol
      (0.62 mug/ml) and sodium dibutyryl cyclic AMP (50 mug/ml) stimulate the insulin
      secretion and inhibit the glucagon secretion in the presence of 50 mg/100 ml
      glucose by the isolated pancreatic perfusion of the rat, while norepinephrine
      (0.5 mug/ml) inhibits the insulin secretion induced by 150 mg/100 ml glucose and
      stimulates the glucaton secretion. Theophylline (50 mug/ml) does not stimulate
      the insulin and the glucagon secretion. When norepinephrine is added to
      theophylline, the output of glucagon does not occur. From these results it can be
      deduced that the pancreatic alpha cell function may be inhibited by elevation of
      intracellular cyclic AMP, in contrast to the beta cell function which is
      stimulated by an increment of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 168232
TI  - Studies of the elevated extracellular concentration of cyclic AMP in uremic man.
AB  - This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of elevation of plasma cyclic
      AMP in uremic man. Plasma cyclic AMP was measured in 15 normal subjects and in 18
      patients with severe renal failure. In some members from both groups the kinetic
      parameters of the metabolism of extracellular cyclic AMP were measured. Plasma
      cyclic AMP was elevated from 23 nM in control subjects to 59 nM in uremic
      patients, regardless of the presence or absence of the kidneys or parathyroid
      glands. A single pass of uremic blood through a Kiil hemodialyzer decreased
      plasma cyclic AMP from 58 to 30 nM. The clearance of cyclic AMP by the dialyzer
      correlated directly with the blood flow passing through the machine. Hemodialysis
      for 6 h decreased plasma cyclic AMP levels in the systemic circulation by only
      12%. Studies with tritiated cyclic AMP revealed a plasma clearance rate of 624
      ml/min in normal subjects and of 344 ml/min in patients with uremia. Such a large
      decrease in plasma clearance rate cannot be explained by a failure of urinary
      excretion of cyclic AMP and suggests impairment of "metabolic clearance." In
      addition, the "plasms production rate" of cyclic AMP was 65% higher in patients
      with renal failure than in normal subjects. It is concluded that the elevation of
      plasma cyclic AMP in uremic man is due to a combination of: (a) lack of urinary
      excretion, (b) decreases metabolic clearance, and (c) increased production of
      plasma cyclic AMP.

PMID- 168231
TI  - Stimulation of osmotic water flow in toad bladder by prostaglandin E1. Evidence
      for different compartments of cyclic AMP.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on osmotic water flow across toad bladder
      and cyclic AMP content of the mucosal epithelial cells has been determined under
      basal conditions and in the presence of either theophylline or antidiuretic
      hormone (ADH); Under basal conditions and with PGE1 concentrations from 10(-8) to
      10(-5) M no evidence of stimulation of water flow was observed, and with 10(-7) M
      PGE1 a significant inhibition was foundmcyclic AMP content under control
      conditions was 8 pmol/mg protein. It was 9 at 10(-8) M PGE1, 13 at 10(-7) M, 16
      at 10(-6) M, and 23 at 10(-5) M. In the presence of theophylline, 10(-8) and 10(
      7) M PGE1 inhibited the theophylline-induced water flow as expected. In contrast,
      10(-6) and 10(-5) M PGE1 enhanced the rate of water flow. Theophylline increased
      cyclic AMP content from 8 to 18 pmol/mg protein. PGE1 in the presence of
      theophylline caused marked increases in cyclic AMP content; The content was 23 at
      10(-7) M, 41 at 10(-6) M, and 130 at 10(-5) M; Thus PGE1 stimulates theophylline
      induced water flow at cyclic AMP concentrations somewhere between 23 and 41
      pmol/mg. Further evidence along these lines was obtained from experiments in
      which the effects of PGE1 on ADH-induced water flow were studied. Inhibitory
      effects of PGE1 were not observed at concentrations of PGE1 which raised the
      level of intracellular cyclic AMP to 30 pmol/mg protein or higher. These results
      were obtained despite the fact that all four concentrations of PGE1 tested were
      found capable of inhibiting ADH-induced water flow under appropriate conditions
      or, in other words, were inhibiting the adenylate cyclase controlling water flow,
      Thus the increase in cyclic AMP content in response to PGE1 is not derived from
      this enzyme. Thus the stimulation of water flow by PGE1 in the presence of
      theophylline is thought to be caused by cyclic AMP spilling over from one
      compartment to the water flow compartment. No evidence was obtained to directly
      suggest spillover into the sodium transport compartment. Furthermore evidence is
      discussed to suggest that most of the cyclic AMP generated in the tissue does not
      originate from the enzyme controlling sodium transport. As cyclic AMP-stimulated
      water flow and sodium transport are thought to occur in one cell type, the
      granular cells, distinct pools of cyclic AMP are thought to be present in one and
      the same cell type. Thus one pool controls water flow and one controls sodium
      transport. With high concentrations of PGE1 in the presence of theophylline or
      high concentrations of ADH, the adenylate cyclase responsible for water flow is
      inhibited; However, PGE1 can stimulate a tissue adenylate cyclase to sufficiently
      high levels that cyclic AMP spills over into the "water flow compartment" and
      thus stimulates water flow.

PMID- 168233
TI  - Inhibitory effect  of dietary iodine on the thyroid adenylate cyclase response to
      thyrotropin in the hypophysectomized rat.
AB  - In hypophysectomized rats given dietary regimens either rich or deficient in
      iodine, the increase in thyroid cyclic AMP concentration induced acutely by a
      single dose of TSH was significantly less in iodine-enriched than in iodine
      deficient animals. Direct assays revealed that this difference was because the
      thyroid adenylate cyclase response to TSH was less in the iodine-enriched
      animals, phosphodiesterase activity being no different in the two groups. This
      effect may explain the inhibitory action of dietary iodine enrichment on diverse
      functional and anatomical responses of the thyroid to TSH.

PMID- 168234
TI  - Comparison of the sensitivity of human embryo kidney cells, HeLa cells, and WI38
      cells for the primary isolation of viruses from the eye.
AB  - A comparison has been made of the efficiency of human embryo kidney (HEK) cills,
      HeLa cells, and WI38 cells for the isolation of viruses from the eyes of patients
      suffering from acute conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis. From a total of 99
      specimens 21 adenoviruses (serotypes 3, 4, 7, 8, and 13) were isolated in HEK
      cells, eight (serotypes 3 and 8) in HeLa cells, and four (serotype 3) in WI38
      cells. Of the ten herpes simplex viruses isolated nine were recovered in HEK
      cells, seven in WI38 cells, and none in HeLa cells. The combination of HeLa cells
      and WI38 cells is not considered an adequate alternative to the difficult-to
      obtain HEK cells for the isolation of viruses from the eye.

PMID- 168235
TI  - Human brain in tissue culture. III. PML-SV40-induced transformation of brain
      cells and establishment of permanent lines.
AB  - Cells from explants and monolayer subcultures of adult human brain obtained from
      biopsies or autopsies of ten multiple sclerosis (MS) cases, one case each of
      Jakob-Creutzfeld (JC) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and three cases
      with no central nervous system (CNS) involvement were transformed with PML-SV40
      virus. Transformation was effected to establish permanent lines of these
      particular adult brain cells so that sufficient quantities would be available for
      other research projects. The procedure previously used to transform human
      fibroblasts (Koprowski et al., '62) was successfully applied to human brain
      cells. The success of transformation was dependent on the growth condition of the
      cultures at the time of infection. Events occurring after viral infection and
      during the pre-transformation and the post-transformation phases are described.

PMID- 168237
TI  - Hormonal dissociation of limbic lesion effects on shuttle box avoidance in rats.
AB  - Rats with septal or hippocampal lesions, relative to normal rats, showed
      facilitated acquisition of a shuttle box avoidance response. The rats with septal
      lesions were also highly resistant to extinction compared with normal rats. When
      the same lesion effects were examined in hypophysectiomized rats, the animals
      with septal lesions continued to show facilitated performance, and those rats
      with hippocampal lesions performed no differently than nonoperated control
      animals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the facilitated
      avoidance performance found in rats with hippocampal lesions is attributable to
      lesion-induced changes in hypophyseal activity, but similar changes induced by
      septal lesions are not.

PMID- 168236
TI  - Human brain in tissue culture. IV. Morphological characteristics.
AB  - The morphology of cells from normal and diseased brains and PML-SV40 transformed
      brain cells grown on glass cover slips in cultures is described. Seven types of
      cells are identifiable, four of which are probably of mesenchymal origin whereas
      the remaining three are neurologlial. A classification on the basis of the
      morphologic features is presented.

PMID- 168238
TI  - Determination of residues of 2-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)cyclohexyl propargyl sulfite
      (Omite) in peanuts, cottonseed, and corn.

PMID- 168240
TI  - Genetic counseling: role in health care.

PMID- 168239
TI  - IgE antipolymyxin B antibody formation in a T cell-depleted bone marrow
      transplant patient.
AB  - The production of IgE-class antibody specific for polymyxin B is documented in an
      18-year-old white female acute myelocytic leukemic patient in relapse. The
      patient was rendered T cell-deficient by total body X-irradiation and antihuman
      thymocyte globulin for the purpose of bone marrow transplatation. Thereafter,
      symptoms of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and perinasal urtication produced by
      topical application of a polymyxin solution were noted. Reaginic activity
      mediated by an IgE antibody against polymyxin is documented by Prausnbitz-Kustner
      type passive transfer reactions and by an indirect hemagglutination technique
      developed for these studies. The occurrence of type I hypersensitivity to this
      topical antibiotic is rare. It is speculated that pharmaceuticals normally having
      a low sensitizing potential might demonstrate increased reaginic immunogenicity
      in a spontaneously or iatrogenically T cell-depleted patient.

PMID- 168241
TI  - Minamata disease--methyl mercury poisoning.

PMID- 168242
TI  - Missouri breast cancer demonstration project.

PMID- 168243
TI  - A look at a report of data from the National Health Survey.

PMID- 168244
TI  - Clear cell hidradenoma. A clinical and pathologic description with a case
      history.

PMID- 168245
TI  - Glomus tumor or glomangioma in podiatric medicine.

PMID- 168246
TI  - Malignant synovioma of the foot: a case report.

PMID- 168247
TI  - Acid-beta-glycerophosphatase reaction products in the central nervous system
      mitochondria following x-ray irradiation.
AB  - A survey of the literature to date on the enzyme histochemistry of intracellular
      organelles has not yielded any reference to the presence of acid phosphatase
      reaction products in the mammalian mitochondria of the central nervous system. A
      combination of Gomori's acid phosphatase mehtod, however, with standard electron
      microscopy has disclosed the presence of enzyme reaction products in the
      mitochondria of the central nervous system of rats from 2 hr to 22 weeks after x
      ray irradiation, as well as in a cerebral biopsy performed on a patient affected
      by Huntington's chorea. No enzyme reaction products, on the other hand, were
      observed in serial sections that had been incubated in substrates either
      containing sodium fluoride or lacking in beta-glycerophosphate. The abnormal
      mitochondrial enzyme reaction (chemical lesion) is considered to be the
      consequenco of the pathologic process affecting the ultrastructural-chemical
      organization of the organelle.

PMID- 168248
TI  - The immune response to infection with vaccinia virus in mice. I. Infection and
      the production of antibody neutralizing cell-associated and cell-free virus.
AB  - The onset, duration and magnitude of antibody responses to a poxvirus infection
      were examined. Mice were inoculated intravenously with the WR strain of vaccinia
      virus and developed pocks on their tails. The number of pocks was related to the
      size of the inoculum. Virus was detectable in the spleen and infected mice were
      subsequently immune to intravenous and intra-nasal challenge. Sera of infected
      animals neutralized both cell-free and cell-associated virus. Antibody against
      cell-free virus appeared first; maximum titres were reached sooner but were lower
      than those of antibody neutralizing cell-associated virus. Titres remained high
      for at least 100 days after infection.

PMID- 168249
TI  - Epidemiological studies of Epstein-Barr herpesvirus infection in Western
      Australia.
AB  - In a study of a Caucasian population in Western Australia the prevalence of
      antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was 41% in the 9- to 10-year age group,
      80% in the 16 to 19-year age group and 92% in young adults. The age-specific
      annual seroconversion rates indicated two peaks of primary EBV infection in the
      population studied - one under 5 years of age and the other at adolescence. The
      geometric mean titre rose with age, from 23 at 5-6 years to 53 at 36-40 years. It
      was shown that in 73 families studied there was evidence of probable spread of
      EBV infection among siblings, particularly between those of the same sex.
      Serological study of patients with infectious mononucleosis indicated that 100%
      of those examined had antibody to EBV and the geometric mean titre was elevated
      to 210. Rising titres and seroconversion was demonstrated in these patients
      together with successful establishment of EBV-carrying cell lines from the
      peripheral blood in two-thirds of the cases.

PMID- 168250
TI  - The survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus in open air conditions.
AB  - The influence of the Open Air Factor (OAF) and daylight on the survival of foot
      and-mouth disease (FMD) virus held as captured aerosols on spider microthreads
      has been investigated. Virus inactivation due to OAF was slight. Similarly, the
      effect of daylight on the survival of virus was not marked. The results are
      discussed in relation to the airborne spread of FMD virus in nature.

PMID- 168251
TI  - The quantitative bacteriology of some commercial bivalve shellfish entering
      British markets.
AB  - Incidents of non-specific illness associated with the consumption of oysters have
      highlighted the lack of published information on the bacteriology of shellfish
      suitable for consumption. Investigations showed that the majority of molluscan
      shellfish entering English markets conform to the accepted standard of less than
      5 Escherichia coli/ml. tissue. The numbers of E. coli were related to the
      sanitary quality of the growing area but no relation could be established between
      numbers of E. coli and coliforms, faecal streptococci or Clostridium welchii. The
      numbers of non-specific bacteria varied considerably but shellfish from sources
      associated with non-specific illness yielded relatively high counts at 37 degrees
      C. The results showed that there was no justification for a standard based on
      total plate counts, which often exceeded 10(6)/g. Such a standard would have to
      be coupled with spoilage or the incidence of non-specific illness. The relation
      between the numbers of non-specific bacteria growing at 20 and 37 degrees C.
      appears to be a useful measure for assessing the likelihood that raw shellfish
      are a public health risk.

PMID- 168252
TI  - Hypersensitivity in cattle after foot-and-mouth disease vaccination: response to
      hydroxpropylmethylcellulose.
AB  - Intravenous provocation (IVP) tests demonstrated that
      hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (MC) was able to elicit anaphylactic signs in cattle
      vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine produced at one centre but
      not with similar vaccine produced at another. The former vaccine also provoked
      serum reagins which were demonstrated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA)
      tests in goats. Reaginic sera which reacted specifically with MC were used in PCA
      tests to screen samples taken serially from the vaccine production lines. The
      reactions observed suggested that a substance with MC or similar specificity was
      present in the antifoaming agent routinely added to vaccines.

PMID- 168254
TI  - Non-T cell killing of mammary tumor cells by spleen cells: secretion of antibody
      and recruitment of cells.
AB  - Both T cell-mediated killing and non-T cell-mediated killing of target MTV
      induced mammary tumor cells can be detected in microcytotoxicity assay tests of
      spleen cells from mice immunologically responsive to either the
      histocompatibility antigens or the virus-associated antigens of the target cells.
      The non-T cell-mediated cytotoxicity is antibody-dependent; otherwise inactive
      cells (null cells) can be recruited to activity by target cell-specific factors
      obtained from the supernatant of short-term cultures of sensitized B cells or
      provided by the introduction of a small number of sensitized B cells to the wells
      of the assay plate.

PMID- 168253
TI  - Specific mitogenic activity of 8-Br-guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (Br-cyclic GMP)
      on B lymphocytes.
AB  - 8-Br-cyclic GMP has been found to be a specific B cell mitogen; it triggers
      athymic nude mice spleen cells and "B mice" spleen cells, nylon adherent, anti
      theta and complement-treated cells to proliferate. It does not stimulate
      thymocytes or purified T cells. The kinetics of the response to Br-cyclic GMP and
      LPS are almost identical. The mitogenic effect of LPS and Br-cyclic GMP is
      additive when the two mitogens are given together to cells. Spleen cells (C3H/HeJ
      strain) that did not respond to LPS were triggered by Br-cyclic GMP to make DNA.
      In order to achieve maximal stimulation by Br-cyclic GMP, the drug had to be in
      contact with the cells for more than 24 hr. Br-cyclic GMP was found to be
      mitogenic for spleen cells from five different mouse strains, but not for human
      leukocytes. DB-cyclic AMP was found to inhibit the DNA synthesis of T lymphocytes
      after they interacted with Con A; DB-cyclic AMP had no effect on the ability of
      the B lymphocytes to be transformed by LPS. The differential effects of cyclic
      nucleotides on B vs. T lymphocytes are discussed.

PMID- 168255
TI  - Enhanced destruction of lymphoid cell lines by peripheral blood leukocytes taken
      from patients with acute infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - The cytotoxicity of peripheral blood leukocytes from normal human donors and from
      patients with EBV-associated infectious nomonucleosis (IM) has been determined
      for human lymphoid cell lines (LCL) containing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. In a
      51Cr release assay, mononuclear leukocytes from all donors are spontaneously
      cytotoxic. Leukocytes taken from patients within the first 2 weeks of overt IM
      are significantly more cytotoxic. This increased cytotoxicity declines to the
      spontaneous level as the disease progesses. The increase shows no correlation
      with the degree of lymphocytosis but a positive correlation with numbers of
      circulating atypical cells. The reaction is apparently not directed against
      histocompatability antigens, known EBV membrane antigens, or other
      characteristics of fresh human lymphoid cells. Susceptibility to damage is shared
      by bone marrow-derived (B) cell lines but not thymus derived (T) cell lines. EBV
      gene products cannot be soley responsible for expression of the unknown
      characteristic. Transformation of B cells with EBV in vivo or in vitro, however,
      may trigger its expression

PMID- 168256
TI  - Resistance to herpes simplex type 2 virus induced by an immunopotentiator (pyran)
      in immunosuppressed mice.

PMID- 168257
TI  - Induction of mouse type-C RNA virus by lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 168258
TI  - The control exerted by thymic hormone (THF) on cellular cAMP levels and immune
      reactivity of spleen cells in the MLC assay.
AB  - We have shown previously that THF induces immunocompetence in lymphoid cells
      through the control of cellular cAMP levels and DNA synthesis. By the use of a
      one-way MLC assay it was now shown that the exposure of spleen cells to THF is
      accompanied by an increase, in the proliferative response of the responding
      cells. These effects are mediated by regulation of cellular levels of cAMP during
      the course of the MLC response. Thus, substances which modify cellular levels of
      cAMP such as DBcAMP, theophylline, and imidazole change the reactivity of cells
      exposed to THF in the MLC assay. It was also found here that cellular cAMP levels
      are critical in controlling the reactivity of normal spleen cells in the absence
      of THF. It is suggested that THF increases the number of competent cells in the
      spleen cell population capable of responding to antigenic stimulation in the MLC
      assay.

PMID- 168259
TI  - Secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic response to syngeneic mouse tumor challenge.
AB  - When C57BL/6 mice previously immunized with murine sarcoma virus (MSV) were
      challenged with a Rauscher virus-induced lymphoma, RBL-5, a secondary cell
      mediated cytotoxic response could be detected by the Cr release cytotoxicity
      assay. The level and distribution of the secondary cytotoxic response was
      affected by the route of challenge. Animals injected i.p. demonstrated a high
      level of cytotoxicity in the peritoneal exudate cells 3 days after challenge and
      subsequently cytotoxicity was detected in most lymphoid organs, although at lower
      levels. However, when the animals were challenged intramuscularly in the leg, the
      response was not detected as rapidly and furthermore cytotoxic lymphocytes were
      found only in the draining lymph node and not in other lymphoid organs. Treatment
      of the effector cells with anti-theta and complement showed the secondary
      response to be predominately dependent on T cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity
      was specific in that cells lacking cross-reacting antigens were not killed by
      these attacker cells from mice undergoing a secondary response.

PMID- 168260
TI  - X chromosome-linked defect of CBA/HN mice in production of tumor-reactive
      naturally occurring IgM antibodies.
AB  - Tumor-reactive naturally occurring antibodies (NOA) could be readily detected in
      sera of many mouse strains including congenitally athymic (nude) and germ free
      (gf) mice. Mice of the CBA/HN strain, however, were found to possess low or
      undetectable levels of NOA against a wide range of tumor cell lines. Genetic
      studies indicated that the defect in production of tumor-reactive NOA in CBA/HN
      mice was largely determined by the absence of an X chromosome-linked gene and is
      probably similar to the known X chromosome defect of this mouse strain in their
      antibody response to thymus-independent antigens. In spite of the low level of
      tumor-reactive NOA, CBA/HN mice do not have a high incidence of spontaneous
      tumors. These findings suggest that if tumor reactive NOA are involved in immune
      surveillance against malignancy they are unlikely to act directly in a
      quantitative manner in the detection and elimination of autochthonous tumors.

PMID- 168261
TI  - Analysis of specificity of poliovirus inhibitors with inhibitor-resistant mutants
      of a strain of type 1 poliovirus.
AB  - Attempts were made to analyze the specificity of inhibitory activities of normal
      bovine and equine sera to the Mahoney strain of type 1 poliovirus. A total of
      five inhibitory factors were postulated to explain the complicated results. Two
      of the three bovine inhibitors were identical in specificity to certain equine
      inhibitors despite differences in their mode of virus inactivation and their
      molecular size. In addition to this, inhibitors that could inactivate certain
      resistant mutants, but not the parent virus, were newly detected in a number of
      normal bovine and equine sera. Antigenic variation of the resistant mutants
      against equine sera containing an inhibitory factor h-11 was determined by means
      of the kinetic neutralization test by using both anti-Mahoney and anti-M-H11
      sera. These results offer evidence that some inhibitors, at least in part, are
      indistinguishable from specific antibody.

PMID- 168262
TI  - Immunopathology of mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection. III. Clinical and
      virologic observation of a persistent viral infection.
AB  - Three types of viral sensitivity were observed in various mouse strains upon MHV3
      infection: resistance, full susceptibility, and semisusceptibility. In the latter
      type, seen in several inbred strains including C3H, approximately 50% of the
      adult injected animals resisted to the acute disease. Most of the surviving mice,
      however, developed a chronic disease with a wasting syndrome and occurrence of
      paralysis. The chronic period of the disease was characterized by a persistent
      viral infection, since MHV3 virus was recovered from brain, liver, spleen, and
      lymph nodes throughout the evolution in most of the animals. In addition, a
      correlation was observed between the clinical evolution and the titer of virus
      tested 4 days after infection.

PMID- 168263
TI  - Expression of mouse mammary tumor viral polypeptides in milks and tissues.
AB  - A 14,000-dalton polypeptide (p14) from RIII murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV) has
      been isolated by column chromatography in 6 M GuHCl. Antiserum prepared in
      rabbits specifically precipitated 125I-labeled p14; in double antibody
      competition, radioimmunoassays performed with limiting amounts of antibody, both
      purified p14 and disrupted MMTV, competed specifically with labeled antigen. The
      expression of this MMTV type B virus antigen could be measured by competition
      radioimmunoassays in milks, mammary glands, tumors, and tissue culture cells.
      MMTV expression measured by p14 immunoassay correlated well with the spontaneous
      incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas in different murine strains but not with
      type C MuLV p30 antigen expression. Levels of MMTV gp52, the major type-B viral
      glycoprotein, corresponded to p14 levels, suggesting that their control is
      comparably regulated. Evidence that this low m.w. polypeptide is present in feral
      and inbred strains of widely differing geographic origin and in MMTV with
      apparently different biologic properties suggests surprising conservation of MMTV
      protein homology.

PMID- 168264
TI  - Analysis of sera from SV40-immunized and tumor-bearing hosts for blocking
      activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
AB  - The role of serum factors in tumor immunity to cells transformed by PARA
      (defective SV40)-adenovirus 7 was investigated. It was found that sera from SV40
      sensitized hosts did not block the specific cytotoxicity of SV40-sensitized
      spleen cells for PARA-7 cells. However, such sera could collaborate with
      nonsensitized spleen cells to produce specific killing. This activity could be
      absorbed out by PARA-7 cells but not by cells transformed by cytomegalovirus. The
      activity of sera from hamsters bearing tumor isografts depended upon when, after
      transplantation, the specimens were obtained. Sera collected greater than or
      equal to 10 days after grafting completely blocked immune spleen cell
      cytotoxicity and did not mediate target cell killing in the presence of normal
      spleen cells. Sera obtained at an earlier time, i.e., 3 to 6 days after
      transplantation, consistently were active in the antibody-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity test and exhibited reduced or no blocking of antibody-independent
      cellular cytotoxicity. Thus, there appears to be an inverse correlation in the
      capacity of serum from tumor bearing hosts to block effector cell cytotoxicity
      and mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

PMID- 168265
TI  - Immunologic effects of neonatal infection with mouse thymic virus.
AB  - Mouse thymic virus is a herpesvirus that causes extensive thymic necrosis when
      given to newborn mice. During the time of acute infection spleen cells have
      markedly diminished reactivity to T cell phytomitogens and to allogeneic cells
      and are incapable of effecting a primary in vitro response to a "T-dependent"
      antigen; responses to B cell mitogens and to a T-independent antigen are
      unimpaired. Spleens from acutely infected mice have low theta antigen normal
      numbers of immunoglobulin-bearing cells. Surprisingly, despite widespread
      necrosis and cellular depletion, thymic cell reactivity to mitogens is
      unimpaired. However, the ability to thymocytes to proliferate and to generate
      cytotoxic killer cells in response to allogeneic cells is diminished.

PMID- 168266
TI  - The identification of HL-A antigens on fresh and cultured human endothelial
      cells.
AB  - Human endothelial cells were obtained from the umbilical cord veins of 16
      newborns by methods previously described and tested for HL-A antigens by a
      microcytotoxicity method. HL-A antigens were present on all endothelial cell
      lines tested. When the HL-A phenotypes of fresh endothelial cells and autologous
      fetal lymphocytes were compared, a concordance of 70% was observed. When the HL-A
      phenotypes of maternal lymphocytes and fresh endothelial cells were compared, a
      maternal contribution to the endothelial cell phenotype was evident in 72% of the
      possible commmon antigens. Some HL-A antigens were deleted from 11 of 16
      endothelial cell lines that were re-typed after 2 weeks in tissue culture. The
      majority (90%) of deleted antigens were from the second HL-A locus. When three
      lines of endothelials cells were again re-typed after 6 weeks in culture, no
      further changes in antigenicity were noted. These findings: a) demonstrate that
      HL-A antigens are present on human endothelium and suggest that endothelial cells
      are actively involved in establishing the immunogenicity of a graft, and b)
      demonstrate that the HL-A antigens on human endothelial cells may be modulated by
      in vitro culture.

PMID- 168267
TI  - Depression of in vitro responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin in spleen cells
      cultured from chickens with Marek's disease.
AB  - Cultures of dispersed spleen cells, prepared from MDV-infected chickens with MD
      visceral lymphomas, showed marked depression of responsiveness to the T cell
      mitogen PHA, as measured by 3H-Tdr incorporation in cells in vitro. When data are
      expressed quantitatively in terms of cpm/10(5) viable cells, the functional
      depletion of PHA-responsive cells appear to result from lower levels of 3H-Tdr
      incorporation in the PHA-stimulated spleen cultures from chickens with acute MD
      symptoms, as compared to similar cultures from uninfected isolator-reared control
      chickens. It is suggested that depression of PHA-induced blastogenesis is spleen
      cell cultures from chickens with acute MD reflects virus-related alterations in T
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 168268
TI  - Establishment of replicating long-term lines of rabbit macrophages and
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Macrophages (monocyte derived) and lymphocytes have been successfully cultured
      from rabbit peripheral blood so that replicating long-term cultures are
      maintained both in media and in the viable, frozen state. The macrophages are
      considered as such on the basis of phagocytic capabilities, gamma-globulin
      receptor sites as evidenced by rosette formation with sensitized red cells and
      disparate enzyme content from the lymphocytes.

PMID- 168269
TI  - An improved quantitative micro-complement fixation test.
AB  - The technical procedures for a simple quantitative micro-complement (C) fixation
      test are described. Major advantages of the present technique compared with the
      previously described method are: a) a simple measurement of the residual
      hemolytic activity of C by counting the radioactivity released from 51Cr-labeled
      sensitized sheep erythrocytes (51Cr-EA); b) an increased sensitivity of the test,
      brought about by the use of a relatively small number of 51CR-EA per reaction
      volume; and c) an increased specificity of the test, achieved by maintaining a
      constant amount of C available for the specific antigen--antibody reaction.

PMID- 168270
TI  - Synovial sarcoma of anterior abdominal wall.

PMID- 168271
TI  - Phagocytosis and digestion of spirochetes by amebocytes of infected brine shrimp.

PMID- 168272
TI  - The fine structure of developing human epidermis: light, scanning, and
      transmission electron microscopy of the periderm.
AB  - Eight stages in the development of the human embryonic and fetal periderm have
      been established, primarily on the basis of surface morphology, major changes in
      epidermal stratification, and differentiation. The changes in the periderm
      observed with the scanning electron microscope have been correlated with and
      supplemented by cytologic studies with the transmission electron microscope in
      the periderm and other epidermal layers. Light microscopy was used to determine
      what proportion of the epidermal thickness is accounted for by the periderm and
      what relationship individual periderm cells have with underlying cells. The
      results yield a comprehensive, three-dimensional image of the human epidermis
      during development and support a concept of the periderm as a layer of "dynamic"
      cells which project superficial blebs, expand in surface area, then regress at
      the onset of keratinization, leaving only cellular remnants associated with the
      adult type epidermis.

PMID- 168274
TI  - Letter: The synthesis of keratinosomes during epidermal wound healing.

PMID- 168273
TI  - Cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, and glucocorticoids as potential metabolic regulators of
      epidermal proliferation and differentiation.
AB  - The two cyclic nucleotides, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, appear to be central to
      the metabolic regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in various
      cells. Moreover, in many systems glucocorticoids appear to act in concert with or
      parallel to cyclic AMP. The available evidence suggests that these three
      molecular species--cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, and glucocorticoids--may be essential
      to the normal regulation of epidermal proliferation and differentiation. In 1970,
      we suggested that perturbed epidermal homeostasis, exemplified by psoriasis,
      might be associated with low cellular levels of cyclic AMP and, in 1972, with
      high levels of cyclic GMP as well. Subsequent measurements of these two cyclic
      nucleotides in our laboratory showed a probable reduction in the cyclic
      AMP/cyclic GMP ratio in lesional psoriatic tissue. This led to the hypothesis
      that the cardinal features of psoriatic epidermis--glycogen accumulation,
      excessive proliferation, and reduced cell specialization--are the results of this
      reduced ratio. A corollary of this hypothesis was that a psoriatic lesion could
      not begin or exist without this altered cyclic nucleotide ratio. Recently, four
      different agents--lithium, a beta adrenergic blocking agent, antimalarials, and
      iodide--have been found to exacerbate psoriasis and to reduce the formation of
      cyclic AMP in various tissues. Consequently we believe that cyclic nucleotides
      are of central importance in the pathogenesis of the epidermal component of
      psoriasis.

PMID- 168275
TI  - In vitro activity of silver sulfadiazine against Herpesvirus hominis.
AB  - Silver sulfadiazine, at a concentration of 10 mug/ml, inhibits Herpesvirus
      hominis types 1 and 2 in vitro. The antiviral effect is directly related to
      concentration of the drug and duration of exposure.

PMID- 168276
TI  - Experimental aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.
AB  - The nephrotoxicities of gentamicin and three other experimental aminoglycosides
      were compared at a single 60 mg. per kilogram per day dose in rats. Renal
      function, lysosomal enzymuria, and antibiotic concentrations in plasma, urine,
      and renal tissue were measured at regular intervals throughout the course of
      treatment. Kidney tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy in animals
      killed at intervals throughout the period of antibiotic administration.
      Proteinuria and enzymuria were early indicators of nephron dysfunction, whereas
      endogenous creatinine clearance declined later in the course of treatment. All
      animals were killed 24 hours after a previous antibiotic injection and displayed
      sustained renal tissue antibiotic concentrations which were 5 to 10 times higher
      than those in serum or urine. When assayed separately, renal cortical tissue had
      a fivefold greater antibiotic concentration than renal medulla. Light microscopy
      displayed necrosis of the pars convoluta of the proximal tubule. Electron
      microscopy revealed appearance of cytosegrosomes with myeloid bodies. It is
      possible that impaired cytoplasmic degradation of sequestered organelle
      membranes, resulting from aminoglycoside accumulation, is responsible for the
      myeloid body formation and subsequent tubular necrosis.

PMID- 168277
TI  - The spectrum of electrophoretic mobility of very low density lipoproteins: role
      of slower migrating species in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (type IV
      hyperlipoproteinemia) and broad-beta disease (type III).
AB  - To test whether beta-migrating very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL, d less than
      1.006) might not be unique to broad-beta disease (with a Type III lipoprotein
      pattern) but rather a caricature of an intermediate species in the catabolism of
      triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of normal composition and electrophoretic mobility
      in nonretarding media, VLDL from subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia
      (with a Type IV pattern) or broad-beta disease were analyzed under varying
      dietary and pharmacologic conditions following starch-block electrophoresis.
      These studies revealed a spectrum in electrophoretic mobility and lipid
      composition throughout the Sf20 to 400 range: the more buoyant, triglyceride-rich
      VLDL migrated faster and the denser, triglyceride-poor VLDL more slowly, but the
      VLDL were broadly and continuously distributed throughout the entire beta to
      alpha2 regions in both disorders. However, in each subfraction of VLDL (Sf100 to
      400, 60 to 100 and 20 to 60) as well as in the whole Sf20 to 400 class, the
      relative proportion of slower species was greater in the subjects with broad-beta
      disease than in those with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. Under conditions of
      acutely stimulated VLDL production (following an oral fat load), a late increase
      in the slower species was observed as alimentary lipemia resolved. During chronic
      VLDL hypersecretion (with high carbohydrate feeding) both faster and slower
      species increased in a subject with broad-beta disease. In the same subject
      during clofibrate therapy, the faster species were decreased more than the slower
      on both normal and high carbohydrate diets. Acute acceleration of VLDL catabolism
      by heparin administration increased the slower VLDL at the expense of the faster,
      both in this subject and in a counterpart with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.
      These studies are consistent with the hypothesis that slower migrating,
      triglyceride-poor VLDL are normal intermediate (or remnant) forms in a continuous
      catabolic process. The concentration of these remnants is dwarfed by that of the
      faster species in subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. However, in
      subjects with broad-beta disease they accumulate as the beta-VLDL characteristic
      of this disorder, most likely as a result of a relative blockade in their further
      catabolism.

PMID- 168278
TI  - Role of insulin and glucose in the induction of hypoaminoacidemia in man: studies
      in normal, juvenile diabetic, and insuloma patients.
AB  - It is generally assumed, but not established, that the lowering of plasma free
      amino acid levels following glucose intake is entirely mediated by stimulated
      insulin secretion. This problem was investigated in groups of healthy volunteer
      subjects, juvenile diabetics, and insuloma patients. The plasma concentrations of
      15 individual free amino acids, glucose, and insulin or C-peptide were determined
      before and at intervals after either oral glucose (75 Gm.) or intravenous glucose
      (0.25 Gm. per kilogram of body weight) or tolbutamide (1 Gm.). Glucose lowered
      plasma amino acid levels in both situations of stimulated (healthy volunteer
      subjects) and absent (diabetic) insulin secretion. The lack of insulin response
      in juvenile diabetics was evident by the lack of any significant increase in C
      peptide levels following glucose ingestion. Nevertheless, despite markedly
      greater plasma glucose levels, hypoaminoacidemia was less severe in diabetics
      than in normal volunteer subjects. In comparison to healthy volunteer subjects
      who showed significant decreases in concentrations of 14 of 15 examined amino
      acids by glucose, the diabetic individuals exhibited significant decreases in
      concentration of 8 amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine, tyrosine,
      phenylalanine, methionine, citrulline, and arginine). In face of a massively
      greater insulin response in an insuloma patient (greater than 1,000 muU per
      milliliter), the decreases in the levels of individual free amino acids following
      glucose were within the range of values obtained in the normal volunteer
      subjects. The stimulation of insulin secretion with tolbutamide also lowered the
      concentrations of free amino acids in plasma. However, one importnat difference
      distinguished the effect of tolbutamide from that of glucose. Within a few
      minutes after the injection of tolbutamide, there was a marked and persistent
      fall in alanine levels, while during the entire course of the glucose tolerance
      test there were no significant changes in the level of this amino acid,
      suggesting a difference in the mechanism of hypoaminoacidemia induced by
      endogenous insulin in the presence or absence of exogenous glucose. Despite a
      markedly greater insulin response to tolbutamide in the insuloma patient (greater
      than 1,500 muU per milliliter), the decreases in plasma glucose and free amino
      acid levels fell within the range of values obtained in normal volunteer
      subjects. In conclusion, the exogenous glucose per se lowers the levels of free
      amino acids in plasma. This effect is enhanced by insulin.

PMID- 168279
TI  - Renal effects of lithium administration in rats: alterations in water and
      electrolyte metabolism and the response to vasopressin and cyclic-adenosine
      monophosphate during prolonged administration.
AB  - Lithium (Li+) chloride, 2 to 3 mEq. per kilogram of body weight, was administered
      intraperitoneally to normal Wistar rats daily for 4 to 66 days. This resulted in
      a marked reduction in urine osmolality (Uosm.) and increase in the excretion of
      water, Na+, K+, uric acid, and phosphate. The excretion of uric acid and
      potassium was a direct function of UNaV. The magnitude of depression in urine
      osmolality was significantly related to the rate of excretion of lithium in the
      urine, suggesting that the change in water reabsorption is dependent on the
      presence of the ion in the luminal side of the tubule. During 2 per cent saline
      diuresis, Li+-treated rats achieved less fractional free water reabsorption
      (TcH2O/GFR times 100) at any level of fractional osmolar clearance (Cosm./GFR
      times 100) than normal rats. On the other hand, during 0.225 per cent saline
      diuresis, fractional free water clearance (CH2O/GFR times 100) was normal over a
      wide range of fractional urine flow (V/GFR times 100), indicating intact function
      of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. The intravenous infusion of
      vasopressin (VP) or dibutyryl cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (dcAMP) to Li+
      treated rats resulted in a modest rise in Uosm. and a reduction in V/GFR times
      100 and CH2O/GFR times 100. Although the response to VP appeared earlier than
      that to dibutyryl cyclic-AMP, the magnitude of the changes in Uosm., V/GFR times
      100, and CH2O/GFR times 100 was eventually the same with both substances.
      Comparison between normal and Li+-treated rats revealed that the response to both
      VP and dibutyryl cyclic-AMP was blunted, albeit to a greater extent in the
      former. Inhibition by Li+ of adenylate cyclase will only partially explain the
      present data. Impairment in the release of endogenous VP or a block distal to the
      formation of cyclic-AMP must have played a role. In view of a normal diluting
      capacity and the increase in the excretion of phosphate and uric acid, it is
      suggested that Li+, when administered chronically in the present doses, inhibits
      proximal tubular reabsorption.

PMID- 168280
TI  - Lymphocyte-associated antigens in patients with alveolar cell carcinoma.
AB  - Antiserum produced in rabbits against a virus-like particle pellet recovered from
      human alveolar cell carcinoma (ACC) was used for the detection of lymphocyte
      associated antigen in patients with ACC. The method used was direct
      immunofluorescence. The results demonstrate that lymphocytes from some patients
      with ACC possess antigen and the presence of lymphocyte fluorescence in patients
      with ACC suggests widespread or metastatic disease. The presence of antigen may
      be of both diagnostic and prognostic value.

PMID- 168281
TI  - Measurement of unsaturated ""granulocyte-related'' (TC I and TC III) and ""liver
      related'' (TC II) B12 binders by instant batch separation using a microfine
      precipitate of silica (QUSO G32).
AB  - A microfine precipitate of silica (Quso G32) almost instantly quantitatively
      adsorbs the polypeptide transcobalamin II from serum without adsorbing the
      glycoproteins transcobalamins I and III. This provides a simple, rapid, and
      reproducible method for the measurement of the granulocyte-related
      transcobalamins I and III and the liver-related transcobalamin II in serum, and
      is also applicable to their purification, and the separation and purification of
      other polypeptide-glycoprotein mixtures.

PMID- 168282
TI  - Extranasopharyngeal juvenile angiofibroma.
AB  - A rare case of juvenile angiofibroma arising from the base of the skull outside
      the nasopharynx and extending into the pterygo-maxillary fossa and cheek is
      discribed. It is possible, by a  combined zygomatic and buccal approach,
      successfully to excise such a tumour.

PMID- 168283
TI  - Uptake of 125-I-labelled human placental lactogen and human placental lactogen by
      the tissues of normal and lactating rats.
AB  - The rate of clearance from the circulation and uptake into tissues of radioactive
      label was studied after i.v. injection of 125-I-labelled human placental lactogen
      (HPL) into rats at various stages of pregnancy. The half-life was obtained for
      the disappearance of the trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material from the
      plasma. The half-life, t1/2(S), calculated over the first 5 min after injection
      of the hormone was 5.4 equals or minus 1.1 (S.D.) min, while a half-life,
      t1/2(L), of 27.9 equals or minus 2.3 min was obtained from the decay period of 15
      35 min. In the non-pregnant and pregnant rat the highest ratio of the
      radioactivity in an organ to that in the blood was 12-14:1 in the kidney. That
      the kidney is mainly involved in the uptake of exogenous HPL is further confirmed
      by the application of the histochemical immunoperoxidase technique. Human
      placental lactogen was localized in the cells of the proximal tubules of the
      cortex and to a lesser extent in the tubular lumen and the tubules of the medulla
      region. UPTAKE OF HPL in vivo occurs in the mammary gland tissue of the post
      partum rat and reaches a maximum uptake between 15 and 30 min after injection of
      the hormone. Furthermore, specific uptake of HPL was observed on the alveolar
      cell membranes after the incubation of paraffin-embedded sections of formalin
      fixed mammary gland and subsequent treatment by the peroxidase-labelled antibody
      method. These findings support the work of others who have demonstrated the
      presence of specific membrane receptors in the mammary gland for hormones with
      prolactin-like activity.

PMID- 168284
TI  - Oestradiol-induced synthesis of a specific uterine protein in propranolol-treated
      rats.
AB  - While there is conflicting evidence concerning an effect of oestradiol on uterine
      cyclic AMP concentration, results from different laboratories (including ours)
      are in agreement that even when observed, the early increase in uterine cyclic
      AMP after oestradiol injection fails to occur when propranolol, a beta-adrenergic
      blocking agent, is given (50 mug, i.p.) 20 min before the oestradiol. The present
      work shows that pretreatment with propranolol failed to inhibit an early uterine
      response to oestradiol, namely the synthesis after 1 h of uterine protein, or
      class of proteins, IP. It is concluded that the induction of IP by oestradiol
      does not depend on an increase in uterine cyclic AMP concentration and that beta
      adrenergic receptors do not have a role in this oestrogenic response.

PMID- 168285
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of a large glycoprotein in the pars intermedia.
AB  - The biosynthesis, intracellular transport and release of [3-H]-leucine-containing
      secretory product has been followed in the pars intermedia of Xenopus laevis and,
      in particular, the synthesis and secretion of a large molecular weight
      glycoprotein secretory product was demonstrated. However, if Xenopus
      adrenocorticotrophin does contain a leucine residue the results obtained provided
      no support for the view that it serves as a precursor for melanocytestimulating
      hormone in this species.

PMID- 168286
TI  - Use of tritiated oestriol to assess estimation losses.

PMID- 168288
TI  - Proceedings: Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activity in the rat after treatment
      with betamethasone.

PMID- 168287
TI  - Molecular mechanism of action of the male sex hormones.

PMID- 168289
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of indomethacin on cyclic AMP production and steroid
      secretion by rabbit ovaries in vivo during the preovulatory period.

PMID- 168290
TI  - Proceedings: Control of episodic secretion of aldosterone in man.

PMID- 168291
TI  - Proceedings: Metabolism and specific binding of parathyroid hormone in chick
      kidney plasma membranes.

PMID- 168292
TI  - Proceedings: Androgen receptor in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 168293
TI  - Proceedings: Uptake of tritiated oestriol by human breast tumours.

PMID- 168294
TI  - Proceedings: Acute influences of corticotrophin on isolation-induced fighting in
      male albino mice.

PMID- 168295
TI  - Aspects of the adrenal function in the domestic fowl.
AB  - Chromatographic purification of extracts of hen peripheral plasma on Florisil
      columns before measurement by spectrofluorometry showed a basal level for
      corticosterone of 1-3 mug/100 ml, which is much lower than concentrations
      previously reported using acid fluorescence. Neither handling, restraint nor
      repeated bleeding affected the concentration of this hormone or of glucose.
      Adrenal function tests with two preparations of synthetic corticotrophin showed
      that they caused a rapid rise in blood corticosterone and eventually of glucose.
      Results of studies using insulin or tolbutamide i.v. suggest that there is a
      threshold concentration of plasma glucose (about 70 mg/100 ml) below which
      hypoglycaemia stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in fowls.
      Prolonged treatment of laying hens with protamine zinc insulin led to aphagia and
      cessation of egg-laying; increased concentrations of corticosterone were observed
      2 days after the administration of insulin ceased, coinciding with the return to
      normal plasma levels of glucose. 'Chemical adrenalectomy' with metyrapone showed
      that the restoration of plasma glucose to a normal concentration after insulin
      treatment is dependent upon fully functional adrenal cortical tissue. It appears
      likely that the adrenal medulla is a target for corticosterone which probably
      regulates the tissue levels of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, one of the
      enzymes necessary for the biosynthesis of adrenaline.

PMID- 168296
TI  - Proceedings: The role of SH-groups in the interaction of steroids with the
      cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor from rat thymus.

PMID- 168297
TI  - A radioimmunoassay for plasma arginine-vasopressin in man and dog: application to
      physiological and pathological states.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay has been developed for plasma arginine-vasopressin in man and
      dog. The mean recovery of added arginine-vasopressin (AVP) was 60 +/-6.9 (S.D.)%
      and the lower threshold of detection 2.0 pmol/1. A close correlation was found
      between concurrent radioimmunoassay and bioassay values. The mean concentration
      found in peripheral venous blood in healthy men after overnight fasting was 5.3
      pmol/1 (range 4.6-6.2 pmol/1.) In man, significant increases in plasma AVP
      occurred after dehydration (5-9-9-5 pmol/1) and significant decreases after oral
      water-loading (5.9-9.5 pmol/1). During i.v. infusion of graded doses of synthetic
      AVP in normal men, plasma levels were closely correlated with infusion rate. On
      stopping the infusion, plasma vasopressin fell exponentially with a half-life of
      between 7 and 8 min. In man, plasma AVP was unaffected by tilting head-up for 2
      h, or by a non-hypotensive bleeding of 500 ml in 10 min. In the dog, haemorrhage
      of 5 ml/kg and over caused proportionate increases in AVP in the circulation. In
      normal men, plasma vasopressin was significantly correlated with concurrent
      urinary osmolality. Five patients with oat-cell bronchial carcinoma and
      hyponatraemia showed a marked increase of plasma vasopressin. Five patients with
      diabetes insipidus  had significantly reduced, but detectable, levels of plasma
      AVP. The plasma concentration in these patients did not increase after water
      restriction.

PMID- 168298
TI  - Incorporation of [3-H]phenylalanine into corticotrophin by the posterior
      pituitary of the mouse in vitro.

PMID- 168299
TI  - Detection of the 8 S oestrogen-binding component in human uterine endometrium
      during the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 168300
TI  - Proceedings: Observations on melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like peptides in
      human maternal plasma during late pregnancy.

PMID- 168301
TI  - Proceedings: Plasma immunoreactive 'beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone' in
      patients on maintenance dialysis.

PMID- 168302
TI  - Proceedings: Structural modifications to the insulin molecule and their effects
      on glucose metabolism.

PMID- 168303
TI  - The tip of the Dictyostelium discoideum pseudoplasmodium as an organizer.
AB  - We have extended Raper's original work on the organizing ability of the tip of
      the Dictyostelium discoideum slug. Our new results are that tips from all
      multicellular (pseudoplasmodial) stages act as organizers; that the structure
      organized by a tip depends on the developmental stage of the cells responding to
      the tip's signal; that tips from all stages release a qualitatively similar
      signal which is continuous, most probably a gradient of c-AMP; and that the
      signal from fruiting-body tips appears stronger than that from conus tips. We
      discuss these results with reference to the control of morphogenetic movement and
      patterned differentiation and point out that the D. discoideum tip is analagous
      to a classical organizer, whose signal is interpreted according to the state of
      determination of cells in its field of influence.

PMID- 168304
TI  - Monosynaptic connexions between wing stretch receptors and flight motoneurones of
      the locust.
AB  - 1. The connexions between stretch receptors of the wings and motoneurones
      innervating flight muscles have been studied anatomically and physiologically. 2.
      Filling with cobaltous chloride shows that the single neurone of a forewing
      stretch receptor has a complex pattern of branches within the mesothoracic
      ganglion and branches which extend into the pro- and meta-thoracic ganglia. The
      single neurone of a hindwing stretch receptor has extensive branches in the
      metathoracic ganglion and branches in themesothoracic ganglion. The branches of
      both receptors are confined to the ipsilateral halves of the ganglia. 3. A
      stretch receptor gives information about the velocity and extent of elevation of
      a wing. 4. Each spike of a forewing stretch receptor casuses an EPSP in
      ipsilateral mesothoracic depressor motoneurones and an IPSP in elevators. The
      connexions are thought to be monosynaptic for the following reasons. The EPSPs in
      the first basalar (depressor) motoneurone follow each spike of the stretch
      receptor at a frequency of 125 Hz and with a constant latency of about 1 msec. In
      a Ringer solution containing 20 mM-Mg2+ the amplitude EPSP declines gradually.
      The IPSP'S upon elevators have similar properties but occur with a latency of 4-6
      msec. 5. The connexions therefore comprise a monosynaptic negative feed-back
      loop; elevation of the wing excites the stretch receptor which then inhibits the
      elevator motoneurones and excites the depressors. 6. A hindwing stretch receptor
      synapses upon metathoracic flight motoneurones in the same way, causing EPSPs  in
      depressor and IPSPs in elevator motoneurones. 7. No connexions of either fore- or
      hindwing stretch receptors have been found with contralateral flight
      motoneurones. 8. Interganglionic connexions are made by both receptors. For
      example, both fore- and hindwing stretch receptors cause EPSPs upon the meso- and
      metathoracic first basalar motoneurones. 9. Stimulation of the axon of a stretch
      receptor with groups of three stimuli repeated every 50-100 msec thus simulating
      the pattern which it shows during flight, causes subthreshold waves of
      depolarization in depressor motoneurones. When summed with an unpatterned input,
      the stretch receptor is able to influence the production of spikes in
      motoneurones on each cycle. During flight, it is expected that the stretch
      receptor will influence the time at which a motoneurone will spike and hence have
      an effect on the amplitude of the upstroke and upon the phase relationship
      between spikes of motoneurones.

PMID- 168305
TI  - Proprioceptive motor control in fish respiration.
AB  - The response of single respiratory neurones in the medulla oblongata of carp to
      short twitches of individual respiratory muscles were analysed. The muscle
      contractions were obtained through automatic electrical stimulation and could be
      consistently elicited in a predetermined phase relation to the ventilatory cycle.
      The results show that, apart from nerve cells which take part in long-term
      processing of proprioceptive information from several sources, neurones also
      exist which possess the properties of elements of a peripheral proprioceptive
      control loop such as tension receptor neurones, length or stretch receptor
      neurones and motor neurones.

PMID- 168306
TI  - Influence of nitrate on fermentation pattern, molar growth yields and synthesis
      of cytochrome b in Propionibacterium pentosaceum.
AB  - Under anaerobic conditions, Propionibacterium pentosaceum reduces nitrate to
      nitrite until nitrate is exhausted from the medium when nitrite is converted into
      N2 or N2O. In the presence of nitrate, fermentation patterns for lactate,
      glycerol and pyruvate were different from those obtained during anaerobic growth
      without an inorganic electron acceptor. In the presence of these substrates, a
      drastic decrease in propionate formation was observed, some pyruvate accumulated
      during growth with lactate, and acetate was produced from glycerol. Acetate
      production from lactate and pyruvate was not influenced by the presence of
      nitrate. Furthermore, CO2 was produced by citric acid cycle activity. The
      fermentation pattern during nitrite reduction resembled that of P. pentosaceum
      grown anaerobically without an inorganic electron acceptor. Nitrits has a toxic
      effect, since bacteria inoculated into a medium with 9 mM-nitrite failed to grow.
      The cytochrome spectrum of anaerobically grown P. pentosaceum was similar with
      and without nitrate. In membrane fractions of bacteria grown anaerobically with
      nitrate, cytochrome b functioned in the transfer of electrons from lactate,
      glycerol I-phosphate and NADH to nitrate. Molar growth yeilds were increased in
      the presence of nitrate, indicating an increased production of ATP. This could be
      explained by citric acid cycle activity, and by ocidative phosphorylation coupled
      to nitrate reduction. Assuming that I mol ATP is formed in the electron transfer
      from lactate or glycerol I-phosphate to nitrate, and that 2 mol ATP are formed in
      the electron transfer from NADH to nitrate, YATP values (g dry wt bacteria/mol
      ATP) were obtained of between 5-0 and 12-6. The higher YATP values were similar
      to those obtained during anaerobic growth without an inorganic electron acceptor.
      This supports the assumptions about the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation
      for electron transport to nitrate. Low YAPT values were found when high
      concentrations of nitrite (15 to 50 mM) accumulated, and were probably due to the
      toxic effect of nitrite.

PMID- 168307
TI  - Purification and characterization of a polyphosphate kinase from Arthrobacter
      atrocyaneus.
AB  - Polyphosphate kinase, an enzyme which incorporated the gamma-phosphate of ATP
      into long-chain polyphosphate molecules, was purified more than 700-fold from
      Arthrobacter atrocyaneus by ammonium sulphate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose
      column chromatography and Ssphadex G-200 gel filtration. The enzyme had a broad
      pH optimum at 6-0 to 7-0 and required Mn2+ or Mg2+, histone, and inorganic
      phosphate for activity. The Km for Mn-ATP was 0-53 mM, and for inorganic
      phosphate was 1-67 mM. Free ATP concentrations greater than 8 muM inhibited the
      enzyme. Free Mn2+ or Mg2+ concentrations greater than 2 mM or 6 mM, respectively,
      were also inhibitory. Activity was strongly inhibited by 4 mM-ADP, 1 mM-PP1 or 20
      mM-NaF. The effect of ADP might have resulted from reversing the equilibrium of
      the kinase reaction. The activation by phosphate ions might indicate a role for
      the enzyme in regulating intracellular phosphate levels or maintaining a
      phosphorus reserve. The level of enzymic activity in the bacteria responded to
      changes in inorganic phosphate concentration in the medium. Basic proteins, such
      as protamine, could substitute for histone as activator. Proteins such as casein
      or bovine serum albunim would also substitute for histone but only in the absence
      of inorganic phosphate. The presence of a protein might be necessary to form a
      complex with the product, thus preventing reversal of the reaction in vitro. The
      reaction product was characterized, and found to be labile in hydroxylamine,
      base, and acid at 100 degrees C. It behaved as a long-chain-polyphosphate
      molecule on chromatography in an Ebel's solvent. The enzymic activity was
      therefore not that of a protein kinase.

PMID- 168308
TI  - Taxonomy of the Clostridia: ribosomal ribonucleic acid homologies among the
      species.
AB  - rRNA homologies have been determined on reference strains representing 56 species
      of Clostridium. Competition experiments using tritium-labelled 23S rRNA were
      employed. The majority of the species had DNA with 27 to 28% guanine plus
      cytosine (%GC). These fell into rRNA homology groups I and II, which were well
      defined, and a third group which consisted of species which did not belong in
      groups I and II. Species whose DNA was 41 to 45% GC comprised a fourth group.
      Thirty species were placed into rRNA homology group I on the basis of having 50%
      or greater homology with Clostridium butyricum, C. perfringens, C. carnis, C.
      sporogenes, C. novyi or C. pasteurianum. Ten subgroups were delineated in
      homology group I. Species in each subgroup either had high homology with a
      particular reference species or a similar pattern of homologies to all of the
      reference organisms. The eleven species in rRNA homology group II had 69% or
      greater homology to C. lituseburense. Species in groups I and II had intergroup
      homologies of 20 to 40%. The six species in group II had very low homologies with
      groups I and II. Negligible homology also resulted when five of the species were
      tested against the sixth, C. ramosum. The five species having DNA with 41 to 45%
      GC were C. innocuum, C. sphenoides, C. indolis, C. barkeri and C. orotic um.
      Little rRNA homology was apparent between C. innocuum and the other high % GC
      species or with several Bacillus species having similar %GC DNA. Correlations
      between homology results and phenotypic characteristics are discussed.

PMID- 168309
TI  - Temporal genetic mapping in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans using ethyl
      methanesulphonate.
AB  - Cultures of the blue-green alga Anacytis nidulans were synchronized with respect
      to DNA synthesis as well as cell division. Application of ethyl methanesulphonate
      at different stages of replication resulted in a peak of mutation frequency for
      different genetic markers; this peak can be accounted for in terms of the
      involvement of repair processes. A temporal map of 19 markers has been
      constructed by this method. Comparison of gene position obtained by temporal
      mapping indicates that either bidirectional replication or unidirectional
      replication from more than one origin occurs.

PMID- 168310
TI  - The mode of regulation of bacterial citrate synthase as a taxonomic tool.

PMID- 168311
TI  - The action of Vibrio cholerae and Corynebacterium diphtheriae neuraminidases on
      the Sendai virus receptor of human erythrocytes.
AB  - Studies of the Sendai virus haemagglutinin receptor on the human erythrocyte
      surface have confirmed that it involves 2 leads to 3 linked sialic acid. Because
      the primary specificity of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase is for this linkage, it
      is able to compete with the virus for the receptor, to which it adsorbs strongly
      at low temperatures. Corynebacterium diphtheriae neuraminidase, whose principal
      specificity is for a sialic acid linkage other than 2 leads to 3, does not easily
      remove Sendai virus receptors, nor does it adsorb to the erythrocyte surface. A
      new definition of the term "receptor-destroying enzyme" is given which takes both
      enzyme and virus specificity into account, and a modified assay method is
      suggested in order to overcome the problems due to enzyme adsorption.

PMID- 168312
TI  - Individual differences in compensatory rebound of REM sleep, with particular
      reference to their relationship to personality and behavioral characteristics.
AB  - In subjecting 14 healthy university students to partial differential rapid eye
      movement (REM) sleep deprivation (PDRD), the compensatory rebound of REM sleep
      during the next night was determined, and showed fairly substantial individual
      differences in the increased percentage of REM sleep time. This rate was
      approximately the same for the same individual for two sleep recordings. These
      individual differences had no positive correlation with the decreased rate of REM
      time in the PDRD nights or with the percentage of REM time in the baseline night.
      Therefore, the individual differences in the increased percentage of REM time can
      be presumed to reflect individual differences in need for deprived REM sleep.
      Next, we looked into the relationship between the individual subject's
      personality and behavior characteristics, and his increased percentage of REM
      time. This revealed that the individuals who were extrovertive, active,
      optimistic, showy, and who had many friends had significantly higher increases in
      the percentage of REM time than the individuals who were introvertive, neurotic,
      inactive, nervous, modest, and who had few friends. Also discussed was the
      neurophysiological and biochemical basis of the central nervous system as the
      background for the relationship between the personality and behavioral
      characteristics and the increased percentage of REM sleep time.

PMID- 168314
TI  - Bulk isolation of large ventral spinal neurons.

PMID- 168313
TI  - The terminal autonomic nervous system in the pancreas of newts. Electron
      microscopic investigations using acetylcholinesterase and zinc iodide-osmium
      tetroxide reactions.
AB  - The intrinsic innervation in the pancreas of newts Triturus vulgaris, Tr.
      montandoni and Notophthalmus. All the investigated species display: cholinergic
      innervation better developed than adrenergic, no qualitative differences
      regarding the fine structure of nerve fibers and terminals as compared to that
      previously described in the pancreas or in other glands, axo-axonal contacts.
      Their functional signification as peripheric synapses is suggested. Frequently
      neuro-glandular junctions with or without membrane specializations. The
      occurrence of the latter is discussed in connection with peripheral transmission
      of nervous impulse.

PMID- 168315
TI  - Peripheral nerve involvement in Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt's disease.
AB  - Electromyography and sensory and motor nerve conduction were studied in 23
      patients with Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt's disease ("juvenile amaurotic idiocy",
      cerebral ceroidlipofuscinosis). A slight to moderate slowing of the sensory
      conduction velocity was found in the median as well as in the sural nerve, more
      pronounced in the distal than in the proximal segments. The findings are
      interpreted as evidence of impaired transmission of the peripheral nerves in
      Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt's disease.

PMID- 168316
TI  - Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy: remission with cytarabine.
AB  - A patient with a 14 year history of sarcoidosis developed a progressive left
      cerebral hemisphere lesion. The clinical diagnosis of progressive multifocal
      leucoencephalopathy was confirmed by brain biopsy and remission occurred after
      treatment with cytosine arabinoside.

PMID- 168317
TI  - Myxoedematous polyneuropathy: a light and electron microscopic study of the
      peripheral nerve and muscle.
AB  - Histopathological findings of biopsied peripheral nerve and muscle were studied
      in a case with myxoedematous polyneuropathy. The most striking findings in the
      sural nerve were segmental demyelination and onion bulb formation with scanty
      mucinous deposits in addition to marked loss of large myelinated nerve fibres.
      The peroneus brevis muscle revealed the association of neuropathic and myopathic
      changes. It is suggested that myxoedematous polyneuropathy might be intrinsic
      neuropathy due to metabolic disorder of Schwann cells related to hypothyroidism,
      resulting in segmental demyelination, not merely compressive neuropathy due to
      mucinous deposits in the peripheral nerves.

PMID- 168318
TI  - Peripheral neuropathy in acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (Herxheimer).
AB  - Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans is a dermatological condition that takes a
      chronically progressive course and finally leads to a widespread atrophy of the
      skin. Involvement of the peripheral nervous system is frequently observed,
      predominantly a sensory polyneuropathy. General reactions, the effect of
      penicillin treatment, the histological findings, and reports concerning a
      communicable agent transmittable from human to human as well in tissue cultures
      point to an infectious disease. Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans follows a
      peculiar geographical distribution forming clusters of high prevalence in certain
      regions. Transmission by ticks is suggested.

PMID- 168319
TI  - A case of type 1 muscle fibre hypotrophy and internal nuclei.
AB  - A 14 year old boy was diagnosed as suffering from type 1 muscle fibre hypotrophy
      with internal nuclei. On histological examination of a biopsied muscle, there was
      selective hypotrophy of type 1 muscle fibre with internal nuclei, and focal
      degenerative changes were seen in a few type 1 fibres. The small type 1 fibres
      were arranged in small or large groups in one bundle. An EMG study of moderately
      weak muscles revealed low amplitude and short duration motor unit potentials as
      well as normal potentials and no spontaneous discharges. The H reflexes were
      abnormally low in amplitude comapred with the M response. The histological and
      electrophysiological findings suggested that the type 1 fibre involvement in the
      present case may have a neurogenic basis. It is likely that the clinical features
      of the reported cases are too variable for a single clinical entity.

PMID- 168320
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis and Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndromes. Association of two
      complete phakomatoses in a single individual.
AB  - Tuberous sclerosis and Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber (KTW) syndromes are phakomatoses
      which are believed to be inherited separately. A 41 year old woman presented with
      the classic features of tuberous sclerosis: adenoma sebaceum, mental retardation,
      and seizures. In addition, the diagnostic triad of KTW involved the left lower
      limb: cutaneous naevi, a vascular anomaly, and osteohypertrophy. Arteriography
      documented the presence of visceral tumours and an arteriovenous malformation of
      the leg. This is the first reported association of the fully-developed
      symptomatology of tuberous sclerosis and KTW in one person.

PMID- 168322
TI  - Acrylamide encephaloneuropathy due to well water pollution.
AB  - All five members of a family developed subacutely mental confusion and/or truncal
      ataxia. Symptoms and signs of polyneuropathy were seen later. The well water in
      the patients' home contained 400 ppm acrylamide. The present cases are unique in
      that they are cases of acrylamide poisoning induced by oral intake and
      percutaneous penetration, and that central nervous system symptoms were
      prominent.

PMID- 168321
TI  - Myasthenic decrement and myasthenic myopathy. A study on the effects of
      thymectomy.
AB  - Motor unit action potentials, M responses to repetitive nerve stimulation, and
      anticholinesterase tests were investigated in 12 myasthenic patients before and
      after thymectomy. In six of them the endarterial acetylcholine test was also
      carried out. Responsiveness to ACTH or to prednisone treatment was evaluated
      before and after thymectomy. The typical myasthenic presynaptic disorders were
      improved by thymectomy, while signs of myasthenic myopathy (according to
      Rowland's definition) were apparently increased. This process of 'functional
      myopathophanerosis' is discussed and explained in terms of a previous presynaptic
      disorder blocking the voluntary recruitment threshold of those motor units which
      are most affected at both presynaptic and postsynaptic level.

PMID- 168323
TI  - [Atypical juvenile neurolipidosis. Ultrastructural study of a cerebral biopsy].
AB  - Electron-microscopic findings on a brain biopsy in a 9-year-old male affected by
      juvenile lipidosis are reported. Two types of neuronal cytosomes were discribed:
      lamellar concentric bodies, resembling membranous cytoplasmic bodies, and
      polymorphous complex bodies, unit membrane bound including various material,
      mostly resembling lipofuscin. The same storage was found in glial and endothelial
      cells. Neurochemical data failed to pin-point any specific abnormalities. The
      present case cannot be classified in the category of neuronal ceroid
      lipofuscinosis but seems similar to certain reported cases of
      atypicalneurolipidosis.

PMID- 168325
TI  - Critical evaluation of hepatic scintiangiography for neoplastic tumors of the
      liver.
AB  - Dynamic hepatic scintiangiography increases the specificity of diagnosis of space
      occupying lesions of the liver seen on hepatic scintigraphy. The purpose of this
      study was to evaluate and compare critically this procedure with histologic and
      radiopaque diagnosis in the evaluation of suspected hepatic neoplasms. Ninety-two
      patients had hepatic scintiangiography, scintigraphy, and histologic
      certification. In ten of these patients the findings of radiopaque arteriography
      were compared with those of hepatic scintiangiography. In all ten patients with
      hepatoma, the scintiangiographic and histologic observations correlated; nine of
      these ten patients had a "tumor stain." Fifty-one of 59 patients with metastases
      to the liver had scinitangiograms that showed "tumor stain." In 2 of these 59
      patients, scintiangiography revealed tumor vascularity whereas the results of
      scintigraphy were normal. In two of four patients with metastases and two of six
      patients with hepatomas, scintiangiograms revealed "tumor stain" that was not
      evident on radiopaque afteriography. Conclusions from this study are: (A)
      neoplastic arterialization or "tumor stain" is more readily detected by
      scintiangiography than by radiopaque arteriography; (B) a normal scintigram and a
      "tumor stain" on the scintiangiogram in a patient with a known primary neoplasm
      outside the liver is suggestive of hepatic metastases; and (C) a normal
      scintigram and scintiangiogram make neoplastic involvement of the liver
      improbable. Dynamic hepatic scintiangiography is a simple, clinically useful
      method for increasing the specificity of diagnosis of diagnosis of space
      occupying lesions of the liver and should be part of the evaluation for possible
      neoplastic involvement.

PMID- 168324
TI  - Therapeutic percutaneous embolization for extra-axial vascular lesions of the
      head, neck, and spine.
AB  - Therapeutic percutaneous embolization of extra-axial vascular tumors and
      arteriovenous malformations was performed 41 times in 27 patients. Twenty-one
      patients (78%) had a clinically favorable result. In 11 of these patients, the
      procedure was preoperative and caused a dramatic reduction of surgical blood
      loss. In the remaining 10 patients with a favorable result, therapeutic
      embolization alone resulted in a significant clinical amelioration documented by
      a detailed follow-up varying from 2 to 5 years. In patients with uncontrollable
      epistaxis, the procedure was life-saving. The guidelines and instrumentation for
      a safe and effective technique are presented, based on the authors' experience
      with more than 100 cases of vascular lesions of the brain and spinal cord. A low
      viscosity silicone polymer was developed by the authors and used clinically as an
      intravascular adhesive for the embolization of vascular tumors.

PMID- 168326
TI  - The value of hepatic scintiangiography and static liver scans in superior vena
      caval obstruction: Case report.
AB  - Isolated increased uptake of 99mTc-sulfur colloid in a static liver scan with
      associated hepatic scintiangiography demonstration of collateral venous
      circulation is pathognomonic for superior vena caval obstruction. A case with
      these findings is reported and the differential diagnosis of "hot spots"
      occurring in liver scanning is discussed.

PMID- 168327
TI  - Evaluation of a rapid and simple technique for the radioimmunoassay of
      triiodothyronine (T3).
AB  - This report compares T3 measurements obtained on the same serum samples by a
      resinstrip technique and by another existing radioimmunoassay method. The samples
      analyzed were obtained from a total of 90 subjects who were clinically
      categorized as hypothyroid, normal, hyperthyroid, or euthyroid while taking
      estrogen-containing compounds or while pregnant. The correlation coefficient for
      all 90 sera with these two different techniques was 0.94. All subjects who were
      clinically euthyroid (32) had a normal serum T3 concentration by the resin-strip
      technique. Similarly, 23 clinically hyperthyroid patients had elevated serum T3
      concentrations and 15 of 17 clinically hypothyroid patients had decreased serum
      T3 levels.

PMID- 168329
TI  - Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma.
AB  - An unusual cystic renal tumour is described which resembles, superficially, the
      solitary multilocular cyst of the kidney, but which shows appreciable amounts of
      proliferating undifferentiated renal blastema. We believe that this tumour
      represents a partially differentiated nephroblastoma and that, as such, it
      provides support for the theory that Wilms' tumour is capable of undergoing
      maturation to a fully differentiated, benign cystic lesion.

PMID- 168328
TI  - Enzymic formation of thiamine pyrophosphate in plants.
AB  - Evidence was presented by paper chromatographic analysis on the occurrence of an
      enzyme capable of catalyzing a pyrophosphate transfer from ATP to thiamine in
      green leaves of various plants. The exclusive localization of the enzyme activity
      in the 105,000 X g supernatant (in a soluble form) was demonstrated by
      differential centrifugation of a cell homogentae in 0.25 M sucrose. The enzyme
      was purified by column chromatography with DEAE-cellulose and by gel filtration
      with Sephadex G-150. The partially pruified preparation, while contaminated with
      detectable activity of acid phosphatase, lost the ability of utilizing thiamine
      monophosphate as the substrate in place of thiamine. These findings lead to the
      conclusion that thiamine pyrophosphate is formed in green leaves of plants
      through a direct pyrophosphorylation of thiamine in the presence of ATP and Mg.

PMID- 168330
TI  - Macrophages in brain tumours induced transplacentally by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in
      rats: an electron-microscope study.
AB  - The fine structure of macrophages has been studied in experimental brain tumours
      induced transplacentally in BD-IX rats by a single intravenous injection of 30 mg
      of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight on the 15th day of gestation. The
      tumours, depending on their localisation and size, caused various lesions in the
      brain, namely axonal degeneration, loss of myelin, oedema, haemorrhage and cell
      necrosis. The tumours and the resulting alterations elicited a strong reaction by
      macrophages: activation of microglial cells in situ and infiltration of the brain
      by leucocytes, chiefly by monocytes. Since both microglial cells and monocytes
      underwent morphological changes, it was difficult, or impossible, to establish
      the origin of these reacting cells. In a few cases, however, microglial cells and
      monocytes could be distinguished; this indicated that microglial cells were still
      being activated and leucocytes were still entering the brain. Various stages of
      activity of macrophages have been described: the number of lysosomes and
      cytoplasmic inclusions were thought to indicate activation, phagocytosis and
      repletion. Activation is characterised by an increase of lysosomes and frequent
      cell divisions. Phagocytic activity is accompanied by the appearance of
      inclusions which varied in different lesions: protein-like material in oedema,
      remnants of erythrocytes in haemorrhages and myelin-lamellae with lipid droplets
      in demyelination. These various inclusions were frequently present in the same
      cell, since the different lesions not uncommonly occurred at the same time. In
      the stage of repletion macrophages contained mainly lipid droplets and
      unidentifiable debris in their abundant cytoplasm and thus corresponded to the
      compound granular corpuscles.

PMID- 168331
TI  - Further studies on carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats.
AB  - A study has been made of the exudate provoked by intrapleural carrageenan in
      rats. Various parameters have been measured including volume of exudate, numbers
      and types of cells. Pharmacological assay has shown the early release of
      histamine and 5HT into the exudate followed at later times by a release of
      prostaglandins, and a second release of histamine. The role of complement has
      been studied. Intrapleural injection of carrageenan after complement depletion
      produced a reduced migration of polymorphonuclear cells and also a reduction in
      volume of exudate. Prostaglandins remained unaffected by this treatment.

PMID- 168332
TI  - Structural and functional characteristics of the microcirculation in neoplasms.
AB  - The microcirculation in a transplantable rat fibrosarcoma was investigated. The
      vasculature of the neoplasm consisted of irregular channels lined by plump
      endothelium which displayed mainly pentalaminar although a few heptalaminar
      junctions were also found. Few pericytes surround the endothelial layer while the
      basement-membrane varied in thickness and was often duplicated and triplicated.
      Challenge with histamine resulted in increased permeability in comparison with
      normal connective tissues similarly treated. The increased permeability was
      accompanied by the formation of interendothelial gaps in these irregular vascular
      channels. Carrageenan induced a leucocytic exudate in the neoplasm which, apart
      from an increase in the mononuclear concentration 2 wk after injection, varied
      little from normal connective tissues. It is concluded that the majority of
      vascular channels in this neoplasm bear some structural and functional
      relationship to small venules.

PMID- 168333
TI  - Hepatic adenoma in Fanconi anemia treated with oxymetholone.

PMID- 168334
TI  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children.
AB  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children 10 years of age or younger was
      observed to have a more favorable prognosis than in older children.
      Corticosteroid therapy in children judged to be at increased risk of serious
      hemorrhage resulted in a significantly greater number of patients with an early
      increase in platelets than was noted in a control group. All patients with
      chronic disease who responded to administration of a corticosteroid initially and
      then relapsed had some response to a subsequent course of therapy, although none
      had a sustained remission. In such patients, splenectomy was a more effective
      therapeutic measure than treatment with either a corticosteroid or a cytotoxic
      agent.

PMID- 168335
TI  - Pseudohermaphroditis, with testes and a 46, XX karyotype.
AB  - A 14 4/12-year-old white girl, evaluated for progressive virilization and
      clitormegaly, was found to have the unusual combination of a 46, XX karyotype,
      well-developed Mullerian structures, and dysgenetic testes with Leydig cell
      hyperplasia. Although there have been previous case reports of 46, XX males, in
      all of these patients development of the Mullerian ducts had been suppressed.
      When contemporary classifications of human disorders of sexual differentation
      were reviewed, no report of a similar patient was found. We speculate that the
      genotype and phenotype in our patient correspond to the genetic intersexuality of
      the hornless goat, thereby raising the possibility that the human autosome may
      play a role in the control of sexual development.

PMID- 168336
TI  - Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme activity in idiopathic respiratory distress
      syndrome of the newborn infant and in experimental alveolar hypoxia in mice.
AB  - Serum angiotensin-I-converting enzyme activity was found to be elevated in
      infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome when compared with healthy
      premature infants, normal infants, and acutely ill full-term infants. Serum and
      lung CE activity has been found to be elevated in mice exposed to hypobaric
      alveolar hypoxia which also stimulated renal renin production. These findings
      suggest that alveolar hypoxia stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
      and this system may be involved in the response to the stress of IRDS.

PMID- 168337
TI  - Parasitic infections.

PMID- 168338
TI  - Cytomegaloviremia in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Leukocyte and urine cultures were done at monthly intervals in 36 children with
      acute lymphocytic leukemia known to be excreting cytomegalovirus in their or
      saliva in order to determine the relationship of viremia to clinical cytomegalic
      inclusion disease. Eleven of 36 (30.5%) patients had viremia. Viremia was related
      to clinical disease in only three patients; two with chorioretinitis and one with
      a CMV monomucleosis syndrom. However, the presence of viremia did not serve as a
      useful means to determine active CID. Viremic patients with CID all had elevated
      serum levels of IgM and multiple episodes of viremia. Viremia was not related to
      the duration, type or number of drugs used in immunosuppression, nor to the
      hematologic status of leukemia. Viremic patients received more blood transfusions
      than noviremic patients, but the administration of blood products could not be
      related to the acquisition of infection. Leukopenia, neutropenia, total
      lymphocyte count, fourfold rise or fall in complement-fixing titer, and viruria
      had no consistent relationship to viremia or clinical CID.

PMID- 168339
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis and fetal pathology of I-cell disease (mucolipidosis type II).
AB  - Increased activity of several lysosomal hydrolases was demonstrated in amniotic
      fluid from a fifteenth week pregnancy in which the fetus had I-cell disease.
      Cultured cells from amniotic fluid had a decreased activity of the same enzymes.
      The diagnosis of I-cell disease was later confirmed by enzyme assays in cell
      cultures of fetal skin and by morphologic studies of several tissues from the
      aborted fetus. Electron microscopic studies of the fetal tissues and cultured
      fibroblasts had large numbers of typical inclusions of I-cell disease, thus
      substantiating the diagnosis and intrauterine manifestation of the disease. The
      results indicate that prenatal diagnosis of I-cell disease is possible with
      enzyme assays of amniotic fluid and in cultures of fetal cells from the fluid.
      Enzyme studies of amniotic fluid can provide a preliminary diagnosis within a few
      hours, but it is suggested that the definitive diagnosis should be based on
      assays in cultured cells from amniotic fluid.

PMID- 168341
TI  - Letter: Bone age and minimal brain dysfunction.

PMID- 168340
TI  - Epidemiologic investigation of Reye syndrome.

PMID- 168342
TI  - Wilms' tumor in the crossed ectopic kidney.

PMID- 168343
TI  - [Sintered thin-layer chromatography. XII. Thin-layer chromatography on porous
      metal oxides sintered plates (author's transl)].

PMID- 168344
TI  - Growth of calcium oxalate in gel systems.
AB  - Methods are described for growing calcium oxalate in silica and gelatin gels
      under different conditions. The results obtained indicate that, in silica gel,
      calcium oxalate grows into single individual crystals, twins, and rosettes.
      Bipyramidal calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals similar to those present in the
      urine of stone formers were prepared in the silica gel system. The gelatin gel
      offered a suitably structured substrate on which calcium oxalate monohydrate
      crystals grow into aggregates. The orientation pattern of calcium oxalate
      crystals suggests that the growth process is controlled by the stereospecificity
      of the gelatin medium supporting growth.

PMID- 168345
TI  - Drug-biomolecule interactions: spin-probe study of effects of anesthetics on
      membrane lipids.
AB  - The electron spin resonance spectra of probes were used to study the organization
      and motion of molecules in hydrated stacked bilayer or liposome model membrane
      systems. The same steroid structures required for reduction of membrane
      permeability were required to produce well-ordered films of brain lipid. Alcohols
      and anesthetic agents influence the structure of model membranes, with their
      order of efficacy paralleling their pharmacological effectiveness. Spin probes
      were also used to demonstrate effects of calcium and local anesthetics on the
      rate of penetration of ascorbate into lipid bilayers.

PMID- 168346
TI  - Functional and structural changes in isolated rabbit liver mitochondria induced
      by fluorodichloromethane.
AB  - Fluorodichloromethane caused changes in substrate respiration rates and also in
      adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated rates of oxidation of both succinate and
      glutamate. Active swelling of mitochondria also occurred, but only in the
      presence of magnesium ion. ADP/O ratios were not significantly affected by the
      fluorocarbon. State IV respiration was stimulated, and the respiratory control
      ratio was linearly reduced with increased levels of fluorocarbon when succinate
      was used as substrate. Glutamate-stimulated respiration was greatly affected by
      the presence of the halocarbon but contrasted to the succinate responses. Low
      levels of fluorocarbon stimulated the state IV rate with glutamate whereas higher
      concentrations inhibited respiration. States III and IV respiration were
      completely inhibited by levels of 4.7 mg/ml of fluorodichloromethane when the
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleatide (NADH)-linked substrate was used. The NADH
      linked substrate was more sensitive to the fluorocarbon treatment than the
      flavoprotein-linked substrate. The respiratory control ratio reached 1.0 at one
      half the concentration required to elicit the same response with the flavoprotein
      linked substrate, which suggested that NADH-dehydrogenase was inhibited. Active
      swelling of mitochondria occurred in the presence of magnesium and fluorocarbon,
      greatly exceeding controls, suggesting a loss of structural integrity and
      osmoregulation capacity. Increased rates of reduction of exogenously added
      cytochrome c also suggested changes in membrane integrity at higher fluorocarbon
      site of action of this compound is probably not the NADH-dehydrogenase system but
      the membrane system per se. Structural changes in the membrane system could
      account for the reported respiratory inhibition.

PMID- 168347
TI  - Effects of chlorimipramine and lysergic acid diethylamide on efflux of precursor
      formed 3-H-serotonin: correlations with serotonergic impulse flow.
AB  - The effects of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and chlorimipramine (CIMI) on
      the firing rate of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons and on the in vivo efflux of 5-HT
      were investigated in parallel. A cerebroventricular perfusing technique was used
      to measure the efflux of 3-H-5-HT formed in vivo from 3-H-tryptophan. Impulse
      flow in serotonergic neurons was monitored by single unit recording from raphe (5
      HT) neurons. Doses of LSD and CIMI, which caused a similar degree of inhibition
      of raphe cell firing, were found to affect 5-HT efflux differently. LSD, at both
      the 75, and 150 mug/kg doses, produced a similar decrease in 3-H-5-HT efflux. In
      contrast, CIMI at a low dose (5 mg/kg) did not reduce 5-HT efflux, despite an
      inhibition in impulse flow. At a high dose (20 mg/kg), CIMI produced an increase
      in 3-H-5-HT efflux. We conclude that 1) LSD decreased 3-H-5-HT efflux by directly
      inhibiting impulse flow in 5-HT neurons and/or by a local effect on 5-HT
      terminals and 2) a low dose of CIMI produces no net change in 3-H-5-HT efflux
      because a reduction in impulse flow-dependent 5-HT release compensates for
      blockade by CIMI of 5-HT reuptake.

PMID- 168348
TI  - Correlation between structure, behavioral activity and rate of biotransformation
      of some ACTH4-9 analogs.
AB  - The effect of substitutions in adrenocorticotropin (ACTH4-9) on extinction of
      pole-jumping avoidance behavior in intact rats was investigated systemically at
      two-dose levels. Simultaneous introduction of 4-methionine sulfoxide and 5-D
      lysine, in combination with 9-phenylalanine, led to a 1000-fold increase in
      behavioral potency. The same substitutions induced a 1000-fold decrease in
      melanocyte-stimulating hormone activity. Incubations of 14-C-labeled ACTH4-9
      analogs, prepared by reductive methylation, were carried out with plasma and
      brain extracts. The resulting metabolites were separated by paper electrophoresis
      and paper chromatography. The concentrations of nonmetabolized hexapeptides,
      which appeared to be almost entirely responsible for behavioral activity, were
      determined as a function of incubation time. The in vitro half-life of intact
      hexapeptides correlated with their behavioral activity. Therefore, the increase
      in behavioral potency as a result of amino acid substitutions can be explained,
      at least partly, by increased resistance against biotransformation.

PMID- 168349
TI  - Cannabinoids: influence on neurotransmitter uptake in rat brain synaptosomes.
AB  - We have examined the effect of Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol (delat1-THC) and 12 of
      its derivatives on the uptake of 3H-labeled norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA),
      serotonin (5-HT) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) into synaptosomes in homogenates
      of various regions of rat brain. Delta1-THC inhibits the accumulation of NE and 5
      HT into hypothalamic preparations and DA into the corpus striatum with Ki values
      of about 12 to 25 muM while GABA uptake into cerebral cortical preparations is
      inhibited less (Ki = 140 muM). The affinities of delta6-THC, 7-hydroxy-delta1
      THC, 7-hydroxy-delta6-THC and cannabidiol for 5-HT, NE and GABA transports are
      similar to values for delta1-THC, while cannabigerol, cannabinol and delta6-THC-7
      oic acid have substantially less affinity. Thus, hydroxylation of C-7 in delta6
      THC does not alter inhibitory potency, but its oxidation to an acid and
      aromatization of ring A greatly reduce affinity. The hydroxyl at C-3(1) of ring C
      is critical for inhibition of NE, 5-HT and GABA uptake, since its acetylation or
      methylation abolishes activity. Inhibition of NE, DA, 5-HT and GABA uptake by all
      cannabinoids examined is noncompetitive. Only about 1% of delta1-THC and delta6
      THC and 5% of cannabidiol are fully soluble under our experimental conditions.

PMID- 168350
TI  - Noradrenergic sensitivity of the cerebral cortex after chronic ethanol ingestion
      and withdrawal.
AB  - The effects of both chronic ethanol treatment and 3 days of ethanol withdrawal on
      the cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response of cerebral cortical
      slices to norepinephrine (NE) were studied. ED50 cAMP responses for each group
      were determined using graded doses of NE. Chronic ethanol fed rats displayed
      subsensitivity to NE. There was a 4.3-fold shift of the dose-response curve to
      the right. Rats chronically fed ethanol and then put on 3 days of ethanol
      withdrawal developed supersensitivity. There was a 2.4-fold shift of the dose
      response curve to the left. There was no difference in the maximal cAMP response
      observed in either the chronic alcohol or the chronic alcohol three day
      withdrawal experiments. It is possible that the biphasic modifications of
      effectors by ethanol ingestion and withdrawal from a subsensitive to a
      supersenitive is the result of one basic phenomenon.

PMID- 168351
TI  - Characterization of neuromuscular blocking action of piperidine derivatives.
AB  - cis and trans forms of 2-methyl-6-n-undecyl piperidines (C-11) are the main
      constituents of fire ant venom and have been studied for their mechanism of
      action on the neuromuscular transmission of the nerve-sartorius muscle
      preparation of frogs. At low concentrations (l times 10(-6)-2 times 10(-5) M),
      cis- and trans-C-11 irreversibly decreased the amplitude of spontaneous miniature
      end-plate potentials nerve-evoked end-plate potentials and iontophoretically
      induced acetylcholine depolarizations without changing the membrane potential.
      The quantal content and the focally recorded action potentials of nerve terminals
      remain unchanged. It was concluded that the piperidine derivatives block
      neuromuscular transmission postsynaptically through a decrease in the sensitivity
      of the end-plate membrane to acetylcholine. Pretreatment of the end-plate with d
      tubocurarine did not effect the blocking action of trans-C-11. In direct binding
      experiments, trans-C-11 did not compete for the sites occupied by alpha
      bungarotoxin, decamethonium, carbamylcholine and d-tubocurarine. These data
      suggest that trans-C-11 does not bind to the acetylcholine receptor site where
      the other cholinergic ligands have their affinity. It appears that these
      piperidine derivatives interfere with the coupling mechanism between
      acetylcholine-receptor binding and ionic conductance increases.

PMID- 168352
TI  - Changes in mechanical events and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels induced by
      enantiomers of isoproterenol in isolated rat atria and uteri.
AB  - Beta adrenergic receptors of rat atria and uteri were examined with the use of
      enantiomers of isoproterenol as agonists and mechanical responses and adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels as measured effects. Assuming that
      stereoselectivity reflects the unique asymmetry of receptors, potency differences
      between the enantiomers are expected to provide a sensitive indication of ligand
      binding. All effects in each tissue were investigated under similar experimental
      conditions. Both isomers produced the same maximum effect on all measured
      responses. Enantiomeric potency differences (in log units) for positive
      chronotropic and inotropic responses and increases in cyclic AMP levels in atria
      were 3.31, 3.51 and 3.48, respectively. In uteri, the values for reduction of
      spontaneous contractile amplitude and increases in cyclic AMP were 2.90 and 2.79
      log units, respectively. Even though these absolute values varied slightly with
      the experimental conditions, they were consistently smaller in uteri than in
      atria. In both tissues, dose-response curves for production of mechanical effects
      were greater than 2 log units to the left of those for increases in cyclic AMP
      levels. Regardless of the interpretation of this phenomenon, the results show the
      following. 1) The stereoselectivity for isoproterenol-induced effects is
      different between the two tissues at both levels of response. Therefore, it is
      suggested that this reflects dissimilar beta adrenergic receptor types in rat
      atrium vs. rat uterus. 2) The stereochemical selectivity for isoproterenol
      induced mechanical effects and increases in cyclic AMP is the same in rat atrium
      and in rat uterus. Therefore, the data support the postulate that cyclic AMP is
      formed from interaction of isoproterenol with a receptor that is similar to the
      one activated to produce a mechanical effect.

PMID- 168353
TI  - Heterosynaptic facilitation in the giant cell of Aplysia.
AB  - 1. Heterosynaptic facilitation, defined as an increase of the efficacy of
      synaptic transmission between a test interneurone and a post-synaptic neurone,
      produced by the stimulation of a separate pathway, was studied in the left
      pleural ganglion. The experimental procedure consisted of detecting the effects
      of a brief tetanus, applied to tentacular and tegumentary nerves, on the
      amplitude of monosynaptic and unitary post-synaptic potentials (p.s.p.s) recorded
      in the left giant cell and generated by stimulating the test interneurone every
      10 sec. The membrane potential of the test interneurone was simultaneously
      recorded. 2. Following heterosynaptic stimulation, the amplitude of the test
      p.s.p. increased, after a delay of about 30 sec, up to 250% of its original size;
      this increase subsided after 2-3 min or more. 3. Only the interneurones producing
      in the giant cell the e.i.p.s.p. (excitatory-inhibitory post-synaptic potential)
      were affected by hetero-synaptic facilitation. Other interneuronal types showed
      no changes in their synaptic transmission on the giant cell after heterosynaptic
      stimulation. 4. Heterosynaptic stimulation did not produce either orthodromic or
      antidromic spikes in the test interneurones clearly indicating that facilitation
      of test p.s.p. did not result from increased spike activity in the test
      interneurone. 5. Often heterosynaptic facilitation of the test p.s.p. was
      observed due to spontaneous activity in the heterosynaptic pathway, demonstrating
      the normal occurrence of the phenomenon. 6. Iontophoretic injection of 5-HT at
      critical, presumably synaptic, sites in the neuropil, evoked a facilitation of
      the test p.s.p. similar to heterosynaptic facilitation. Only the e.i.p.s.p.s.
      were so affected by 5-HT. On the contrary, other p.s.p. types were depressed by 5
      HT as a result of conductance changes in the left giant cells. 7. Both
      heterosynaptic facilitation and 5-HT facilitation were suppressed by the presence
      in the bath of 5-HT (10(-5) M) and of LSD-25 (3 X 10(-4) M). The action of
      injected 5-HT on the membrane conductance of the left giant cell was also
      depressed in the pressence of 5-HT in the bath, but was unaffected by LSD-25 (3 X
      10(-4) M). 8. From the parallelism of properties of heterosynaptic and 5-HT
      facilitation, it is suggested that 5-HT is the probable transmitter mediating
      heterosynaptic facilitation. It seems likely that 5HT is released from the
      heterosynaptic pathway at the level of the synaptic ending of the test
      interneurone on to the giant cell and that it increases the efficacy of this
      synapse, probably acting on the quantity of synaptic transmitter liberated.

PMID- 168355
TI  - Pancreatic acinar cells: effect of acetylcholine, pancreozymin, gastrin and
      secretin on membrane potential and resistance in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recordings of membrane potential and input resistance have been
      made in vivo and in vitro from the exocrine acinar cells of rat pancreas using
      indwelling glass micro-electrodes. 2. The resting cell membrane potential and
      input resistance in the in vivo experiments were not markedly different from the
      values obtained in the in vitro experiments. The effect of both acetylcholine
      (ACh) and pancreozymin (CCK-Pz) on the pancreas in vivo as well as in vitro was
      to reduce both the acinar cell membrane potential and the input resistance
      narkedly. The amplitude of the evoked depolarization and the change in input
      resistance evoked by supramaximal stimuli were of the same magnitude in both
      types of preparations. 3. Gastrin had an effect on the acinar cell potential and
      resistance which was  indistinguishable from that of CCK-Pz or ACh. The effect of
      gastrin or CCK-Pz was, in contrast to that of ACh, not influenced by the presence
      of atropine. The reversal potential for the gastrin evoked potential change was
      about -20 mV. 4. Secretin in doses producing maximal volume secretion in vivo had
      no effect on acinar cell membrane potential and input resistance. 5. Dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP (5mM) and cyclic GMP (1mM) had no effect on cell membrane potential or
      resistance. 6. It is concluded that the in vitro superfused pancreas segment
      preparation is a useful model system in electrophysiological studies since it
      functions essentially as the in vivo preparation. In contrast to both gastrin and
      CCK-Pz, secretin has no effect on the bioelectrical properties of the acinar
      cells, indicating that there are no physiologically important secretin receptors
      in rat acinar cells.

PMID- 168354
TI  - The possible role of cyclic AMP in the neurotrophic control of skeletal muscle.
AB  - 1. Motoneurones provide trophic control of some of the functional characteristics
      of skeletal muscle fibres. This study has been designed to test whether the
      adenylate cyclase: cyclic AMP system may offer one potential mechanism for the
      mediation of neurotrophic regulation. 2. The concentration of cyclic AMP was
      measured at various intervals after muscle denervation. Muscle cyclic AMP
      concentration increases for the first 2 days after nerve section. It reaches a
      maximum value at 48 h and subsequently returns to the control value at 7 days. 3.
      Cyclic AMP concentration is unchanged by muscle disuse for the first 3 days
      following limb immobilization. Four days after immobilization, however, cyclic
      AMP increases in both the disused and contralateral control muscles. This
      phenomenon has been tentatively ascribed to some aspect of the inflammatory
      response. 4. Changing the level of nerve section, and therefore the length of the
      residual nerve stump, changes the temporal pattern of the increase in muscle
      cyclic AMP concentration. 5. Reinnervation of a denervated muscle produces a
      decrease in muscle cyclic AMP concentration. 6. It is concluded from the results
      that some aspect of nerve function provides trophic regulation of the muscle
      adenylate cyclase: cyclic AMP system. The mechanisms by which this regulation may
      be applied are considered in the Discussion.

PMID- 168357
TI  - The control of adaptive hypertrophy in the salt glands of geese and ducks.
AB  - 1. Factors controlling adaptive hypertrophy, which occurs when marine, or
      potentially marine, birds drink salt water, have been investigated in geese and
      ducks using changes in salt-weight weight, RNA and DNA contents as indices of
      this process. 2. Unilateral post-ganglionic denervation in geese prevented the
      changes in [RNA] and [RNA]:[DNA] that occurred in the intact gland of birds given
      salt water for 24 hr; denervation had no significant effect in birds on fresh
      water throughout. 3. Atropine treatment also prevented the adaptive changes in
      geese given salt water. 4. In ducks give 0.3 M-NaCl for 48 hr salt-gland weight,
      [RNA] and [RNA]:[DNA] increase markedly. Treatment of ducks drinking fresh water
      with large doses of corticosterone and mammalian ACTH for 48 hr had no
      significant effects on salt-gland weight, RNA or DNA; mammalian prolactin
      treatment for 48 hr significantly raised [RNA]. 5. No changes in the total amount
      of DNA in the glands were observed in these experiments, thus indicating that
      hyperplasia does not occur within 48 hr of a bird first drinking salt water. 6.
      It is concluded that adaptive hypertrophy is controlled by secretory nerves, and
      that hormones, if they play any part in this process, have a permissive or
      secondary role. It is suggested that hypertrophy and the maintenance of the
      secretory cells in the fully-adapted state may be obligatorily related to
      secretory activity induced by cholinergic secretory nerves.

PMID- 168356
TI  - The action of ether and methoxyflurane on synaptic transmission in isolated
      preparations of the mammalian cortex.
AB  - 1. The actions of ether and methoxyflurane on the evoked potentials of in vitro
      preparations of the guinea-pig olfactory cortex were studied. Following
      stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract (l.o.t.) evoked potentials could be
      recorded from the cortical surface; these potentials consisted of an initial wave
      (the compound action potential of the l.o.t.) followed by a negative field
      potential which was associated with the synchronous excitation of many
      superficial excitatory synapses (population e.p.s.p.). Superimposed on the
      population e.p.s.p. was a number of positive peaks. These positive peaks reflect
      the synchronous discharge of many neurones and so have been called population
      spikes. 2. When ether or methoxyflurane was added to the gas stream that
      superfused the surface of the preparations, the population e.p.s.p.s. and
      population spikes were depressed at lower concentrations than those required to
      depress the compound action potential of the afferent fibres. 3. The evoked
      activity of individual cells in the cortex was depressed by ether and
      methoxyflurane. However, five of the twelve cells tested in ether showed an
      increase in their evoked activity at concentrations below 4-5%, but at higher
      concentrations these cells also became depressed. 4. Both ether and
      methoxyflurane depressed the sensitivity of cortical neurones to
      iontophoretically applied L-glutamate and may similarly depress the sensitivity
      of the post-synaptic membrane to the released transmitter substance. 5. Neither
      anaesthetic appeared to increase the threshold depolarization required for nerve
      impulse generation. Thus, the decrease of the discharge of the post-synaptic
      cells was primarily caused by a depression of chemical transmission. 6. Ether
      caused some cells in the cortex to alter their normal pattern of synaptically
      evoked discharge and both anaesthetics induced similar changes during excitation
      by glutamate.

PMID- 168359
TI  - Extracellular potassium changes in the spinal cord of the cat and their relation
      to slow potentials, active transport and impulse transmission.
AB  - 1. By means of K-specific double-barrelled micro-electrodes the time course of
      changes in K+ concentration in the extracellular space of the lumbar spinal cord
      was examined after peripheral tetanic stimulation and after a single volley in a
      mixed peripheral nerve in non-anaesthetized, intercollicularly decerebrated and
      spinalized cats. 2. Tetanic stimulation (100 Hz) which increases the [K]e from 3
      to 9 mM is followed by a phase of reduced [K]e during which [K]e decreases by 0.5
      mM below resting level, lasting 1-2 minutes before returning to its original
      resting level. Evidence is presented that this subnormal phase of [K]e reflects
      active processes redistributing accumulated K+ from extracellular space. 3. The
      subnormal phase of [K]e can be registered only when the microelectrode is located
      in very close vicinity of discharging neurones and is not primarily dependent on
      the absolute level of increased [K]e. This can be considered as evidence that the
      neurones and not the glial cells are responsible for active reabsorption of K+
      from the extracellular space. 4. Increased E1K]e is reflected in focally recorded
      potentials as a negativity and decreased [K]e as a positivity. The latency of
      focally recorded positivity is, however, shorter than the latency of reduced
      [K]e. This makes it likely that the positivity reflects not only passive
      hyperpolarization of glial elements, but also an active, electrogenic ion
      transport across neuronal membrane. 5. The shortest latency of increased [K]e
      induced by a single volley in a mixed peripheral nerve was found to be 9 msec;
      the peak, representing 0.5 mM, was attained after 40 msec and the total duration
      was 200 msec. A theoretical consideration is put forward that the time course of
      transient increase in [K]e is consistent with the suggestion that K+ which
      accumulates in the spinal cord after neuronal discharge is responsible for
      primary afferent depolarization. 6. Evidence is presented that increased [K]e,
      induced by a long lasting peripheral stimulation, is accompanied by decreased
      efficacy of impulse transmission.

PMID- 168361
TI  - Proceedings: Variation in plasma ACTH levels during the human menstrual cycle.

PMID- 168358
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of spinal motoneurones of normal and dystrophic
      mice.
AB  - 1. The properties of spinal motoneurones of normal and dystrophic mice (129/ReJ)
      were examined with intracellular electrodes. 2. The following parameters of
      spinal motoneurones showed no significant differences between normal and
      dystrophic mice: resting and action potentials, the amplitude and duration of
      after-hyperpolarization, rheobasic current for excitation, threshold for
      excitation of the somadendritic membrane (IS-SD inflexion) and input resistance.
      3. The changes in motoneurone properties observed 13-16 days after section of the
      sciatic nerve (axotomy) were similar in both normal and dystrophic mice. 4. The
      axonal conduction velocity of motoneurones in dystrophic mice was about ten times
      slower than that in normal mice. The conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was
      only about 25% slower in dystrophic mice than in the normal animal. The estimated
      ventral root conduction velocity as well as the observed dorsal root conduction
      velocity in dystrophic mice was at least twenty times slower than that in normal
      mice. 5. In dystrophic mice, spinal motoneurones often showed multiple discharges
      in response to single, antidromic stimuli. The site of initiation of multiple
      discharge was located in the motor axon rather than in the motoneurone cell body.
      6. In dystrophic mice, nerve impulses were transmitted from fibre to fibre
      ('cross-talk'). The site of impulse transmission among nerve fibres was near the
      distal portion of the spinal roots. 7. Synaptic potentials and peripheral reflex
      discharges evoked by stimulation of the dorsal roots showed a longer latency and
      were more prolonged in dystrophic mice than in the control mice. 8. The
      motoneurone properties of dystrophic mice showed no tendency of progressive
      changes with age ranging from 63 to 148 days. 9. It is concluded that the
      properties of motoneurone cell bodies examined in dystrophic mice are
      indistinguishable from those in normal mice and that the only abnormality in
      motoneurones of the former residues in the motor axon. 10. It is suggested that
      integrity of the discharge pattern of spinal motoneurones in dystrophic mice is
      interfered by anomalous impluse transmission in the motor axons and that the
      motoneurones in dystrophic mice are a homogeneous group rather than a mixture of
      "normal" and "abnormal" neurones.

PMID- 168362
TI  - Proceedings: Facilitation of the tonic vibration reflex in the spinal cat by 5
      hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP).

PMID- 168360
TI  - Proceedings: Cyclic adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and body temperature.

PMID- 168364
TI  - The nursing history in a psychiatric setting: adaptations to a variety of nursing
      care patterns and patient populations.

PMID- 168363
TI  - Depression in the excitability of relay cells of lateral geniculate nucleus
      following saccadic eye movements in the cat.
AB  - 1. The excitability of relay cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus during a
      saccadic eye movement was studied in alert cats. Excitability was assessed by the
      firing probability of the cells in response to electrical stimulation of the
      optic chiasm. Modifications in the excitability were evaluated during the period
      following eye movements, by triggering a stimulator from potential shifts in
      electro-oculogram and altering delays in the stimulus pulse. 2. The cells were
      classified into S and T cells, based on their response properties and the
      latencies to chiasmatic stimulation. With a saccade in a stationary patterned
      field, T cells showed a burst discharge, while the discharges of S cells were
      completely suppressed. 3. The excitability was depressed in both S and T cells
      for 150-200 msec after a saccade, when the eye movement occurred in light.
      However, the depression did not occur in complete darkness. 4. The depression
      occurred also in the absence of eye movement, when the patterned visual field was
      moved in a saccadic fashion. 5. The depression in S cells occurred during an
      inhibitory period. Since S cells do not receive signals on image movement
      directly from the retina, the depression was due to a recurrent inhibition by
      signals transferred through the T ganglion-relay cell channel. 6. The depression
      in T cells occurred concomitantly with the burst discharge. Since the recurrent
      inhibition was operating less effectively during the period, the depression may
      be due to a phasic occlusion of the test impulse by coincident high-rate firings
      in the same cell.  7. The impairment in transmission of visual information
      through the lateral geniculate nucleus during the period following eye movements
      has been discussed in connexion with a neurophysiological basis for saccadic
      suppression.

PMID- 168365
TI  - Patient-neighbor: a dilemma of a the community mental health nurse.

PMID- 168366
TI  - Five seasons of sadness.
AB  - In response to her grandmother's death, moving back to her family, and beginning
      kindergarten, Bridget experienced a very difficult adjustment. During the period
      of play therapy, she began grief work: "Emancipation from bondage to the
      deceased, readjustment ot the environment in which the deceased is missing, and
      formation of new relationships."15 Bridget, at the age of five, has experienced
      five seasons of sadness. Yet her quiet and determined strength has enabled her to
      readjust to her once threatening environment. The therapist suggested continued
      therapy in the school environment to aid Bridget in formation of new
      relationships. The shadow of Bridget's five seasons of sadness seems to have
      lifted. Her bright affect and look of expectancy seem to be asking of the other
      children: "Will you be my friend? For no reason that I know Except I want you
      so."16

PMID- 168367
TI  - Assuring accountability for the poor: patient advocates.
AB  - The three patient advocate groups that existed in this particular state hospital
      and differing structures, functions and degrees of effectiveness. However, all
      three seemed necessary to assure that the serving institution and its
      professionals would become accountable for the success or failure of their
      methods and performance. Two of the groups (relatives group and legal aid group)
      seemed to be functioning effectively within certain limits which each thought to
      be appropriate in advocating patient causes. Thus, they were providing the
      countervailing force that is a necessary component of accountability when the
      persons to be served are a powerless group. The consumer group being the
      powerless group was not effective in advocating its own cause. It would have been
      very beneficial to this group had they succeeded. There is a therapeutic effect
      of having control over one's own life that fosters independence and decreases
      withdrawal and feelings of alienation from the social order. Certainly these are
      the goals of the mental health professionals for their patients. In order to
      realize these goals certain changes would have to be made in the mental health
      code would have to be changed to include formalized grievance procedures and the
      desirability of consumer groups would have to be formally established. If this
      were so, consumers of mental health services might be more effective in
      advocating their own causes and would be more able to hold the serving
      institution accountable

PMID- 168368
TI  - Sex offenders are people.

PMID- 168369
TI  - The nurse as therapist: assertion training to rehabilitate the chronic mental
      patient.

PMID- 168370
TI  - Mental health-public health.

PMID- 168371
TI  - Speaking out on: July--the start of fiscal 1975-1976.

PMID- 168373
TI  - Walk for your "second heart".

PMID- 168372
TI  - Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy: paradoxes, problems and progress GAP report
      93.

PMID- 168374
TI  - A systems analysis approach to planned change in a clinical psychiatric program.
AB  - In health car facilities, systems studies are commonly conducted as ivory-tower
      operations with minimal impact and little practical result. A real-life case
      study was presented to demonstrate how it can be used effectively in a
      collaborative manner to implement constructive change. Systems Analysis
      techniques were succe-sfully used with the staff of a psychiatric ward to plan
      for a satellite outpatient treatment program. The focus was on collaboration to
      help the ward to obtain objective information for decisions concerning the need
      for changes in their existing system.

PMID- 168375
TI  - [A case of carcinoma of the stomach with calcification (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors found only 25 cases of calcified carcinoma of the stomach in the
      literature. The course in this case was rapidly fatal. Calcification within the
      tumour infiltrates the gastric wall and has a very characteristic miliary
      appearance, permitting one to make the diagnosis on a straight X-Ray of the
      abdomen. The mechanism of precipitation of calcium within certain mucus-secreting
      carcinomas has not been determined. Various theories are suggested.

PMID- 168376
TI  - Clinical diagnosis of breast cancer.
AB  - Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women, and 6% will develop
      it during their normal life expectancy.  There is a group who have a high risk of
      developing breast cancer.  The recent improvement in cure rates seems to be jue
      chiefly to earlier diagnosis rather than to improved methods of therapy.  The
      physician, by careful periodic breast examinations and by the judicious use of
      diagnostic aids such as mammography and thermography, especially in the high risk
      group, has a golden opportunity to pick up cancer in a localized stage where the
      prognosis for cure with appropriate therapy is excellent.  A tentative diagnosis
      of breast cancer (Table XI) can be made with a fair degree of accuracy by taking
      a careful history, utilizing and combining available statistics about the
      frequency, median age, characteristic symptom complexes of the common breast
      lesions and factors related to a high mammary carcinoma risk, and by a systematic
      and thorough breast examination supplemented with diagnostic aids when
      appropriate.  However, biopsy and histologic examination is mandatory in all
      patients with a) true, three dimentional, dominant lumps even if diagnostic aids
      are negative except for cysts which can be safely aspirated under controlled
      conditions; b) suspicious lesions found by diagnostic aids even though there are
      no clinical findings; c) serous, serosanguineous, bloody, or watery nipple
      discharge; and d) other signs of cancer, i.e. eczema of the nipple, axillary
      adenopathy, etc., in order to determine with absolute accuracy whether the lesion
      is benign or malignant.

PMID- 168377
TI  - T cell mediated cytolysis: consideration of the role of a soluble mediator.

PMID- 168378
TI  - Cyclic AMP and phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages: influence of hormones and
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP.

PMID- 168379
TI  - Immune and non-immune macrophage resistance to the fibroma-myxoma virus complex.

PMID- 168381
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5'-phosphates and cyclic 3',5'-phosphates
      derived from biologically active nucleosides.
AB  - Syntheses and biological activities of 12 N6-substituted adenosine 5'-phosphates
      and 15 cyclic 3',5'-phosphates are described. Included among these are the cyclic
      phosphates of the naturally occurring anticodon adjacent modified nucleosides, N6
      (delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine and N-(purin-6-ylcarbamoyl)-L-threonine
      ribonucleoside. Also reported in this paper are the 5'-phosphates and cyclic
      phosphates of the cytokinins, N6-benzyladenosine, kinetin ribonucleoside, 3
      (chloro-trans-2-buten-2-yl)adenosine,6-o-chlorophenylureidopurine ribonucleoside,
      and 6-allylureidopurine ribonucleoside. The 5'-nucleotides were prepared by
      direct phosphorylation of the corresponding ribonucleosides with POCl3 and
      triethyl phosphate. These compounds were converted to the cyclic 3',5'-phosphates
      by cyclization of the corresponding 5'-nucleotides with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
      Comparison of the cytotoxicity of the ribonucleosides with their 5'-nucleotides
      and cyclic 3',5'-nucleotides showed that some of the 5'-phosphates and cyclic
      phosphates were almost as active as the parent nucleosides. The 5'-nucleotides
      and the cyclic phosphates were more soluble than the parent nucleosides. The
      cyclic 3',5'-nucleotides were examined as alternate activators of cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase from beef heart. While all of the analogs studied showed some
      activity toward this enzyme, several compounds were more effective than cAMP
      itself. The analogs were also tested as substrates for cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase from beef heart. The N6-alkyl-cAMP analogs were poor substrates
      for the enzyme, while N6-carbamoyl-cAMP derivatives were inert toward this
      enzyme. These compounds did not inhibit the phosphodiesterase. Some of the cyclic
      phosphates exhibited marginal effect in the inhibition of glycogen synthesis in
      skin slices.

PMID- 168380
TI  - Adenosine cyclic 3',5',-monophosphate phosphodiesterasr inhibitors. 2.3
      Substituted 5,7-dialkylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidines.
AB  - A number of 3-bromo-, 3-nitro-, and 3-ethoxycarbonyl-5,7-dialkylpyrazolo[1,5
      a]pyrimidines were synthesized and screened as in vitro cAMP phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors. The condensation of 3-aminopyrazole with symmetrical beta-diketones
      (acetylacetone, heptane-3,5-dione, etc.) afforded symmetrical dialkylpyrazolo[1,5
      a]pyrimidines (5). The reaction of 3-aminopyrazole with unsymmetrical beta
      diketones (hexane-2,4-dione, heptane-3,5-dione, etc.) gave a mixture of 5-methyl
      7-alkylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (3) and 5-alkyl-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5
      a]pyrimidines (4). The technique for the separation of 3 from 4 is described. The
      inhibition constants, alpha (the ratio of the molar I50 of theophylline to the
      molar I50 of the test compounds), were subjected to a Hansch correlation
      analysis. The results indicated that PDE isolated from beef heart tissue was most
      sensitive to changes in the length of the alkyl group in the 5 position of the
      pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring, whereas the PDE isolated from rabbit lung tissue
      was more sensitive to changes in the length of the 7-alkyl group. Experimentally
      and theoretically, the n-propyl group was found to approximate the ideal size for
      the alkyl group in both the 5 and 7 positions;5,7-di-n-propyl-3
      ethoxycarbonylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (5e) was the most potent inhibitor of
      both lung and heart PDE.

PMID- 168382
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of 4-beta-Iribofuranosyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene
      ("1,3-dideazauridine").
AB  - In view of the marked antitumor activity of 3-deazauridine, the synthesis of 4
      (beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-dihydroxybenzene (1,3-dideazauridine) and its dibenzyl
      derivative was carried out. 4-Bromo-1,3-dihydroxybenzene was converted to its
      dibenzyl derivative, which, upon reaction with n-butyllithium followed by
      treatment with anhydrous cadmium chloride, gave bis(1,3-dibenzyloxyphenyl
      4)cadmium. Condensation of this intermediate with 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D
      ribofuranosyl chloride in refluxing toluene, and subsequent removal of the
      protecting benzoyl groups, afforded 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3
      dibenzyloxybenzene which, upon catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/C, furnished the
      desired 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-dihydroxybenzene. The beta configuration at
      the anomeric center was established by NMR and hydrogen bonding studies. 4-(Beta
      D-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-dibenzyloxybenzene inhibited the growth of leukemia L1210
      cells by 50% at 7 x 10(-6) M, and that of mammary carcinoma TA3 cells at 5 x 10(
      5) M. Dideazauridine itself was less active, inhibiting the leukemia L1210 but
      not the TA3 cells at 1 x 10(-4) M, but the compound was significantly active
      against herpes simplex (type I) virus in vitro.

PMID- 168383
TI  - Probiotics. Antistaphylococcal and antifibrinolytic activities of omega-amino-and
      omega-guanidinoalkanisulfonic acids.
AB  - A series of omega-aminoalkanesulfonic acids (1-5) and omega
      guanidinoalkanesulfonic acids (6-9) has been tested for antistaphylococcal and
      antifibrinolytic activities. Most of the omega-aminoalkanesulfonic acids and 6
      produced better protection against Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice than
      gamma-aminobutyryl-L-histidine. Compound 4 was the best antistaphylococcal agent
      among the omega-aminoalkanesulfonic acids and compound 6 among the omega
      guanidinoalkanesulfonic acids. Most of the omega-aminoalkanesulfonic acids have
      antifibrinolytic activity, while none of the omega-guanidinoalkanesulfonic acids
      has significant antifibrinolytic activity. Compound 4 possessed the highest
      antifibrinolytic activity which was equal to or greater than that of epsilon
      aminohexanoic acid.

PMID- 168384
TI  - Synthesis and biological activity of some 8-substituted selenoguanosine cyclic
      3',5'-phosphates and related compounds.
AB  - 8-Bromoguanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate, 8-bromoguanosine 5'-monophosphate,
      and 8-bromoguanosine served as intermediates for the chemical synthesis of a
      series of 8-substituted seleno cyclic nucleotides, nucleotides, and their
      nucleosides. Selenourea was found to be a useful reagent in synthesizing these
      seleno-substituted nucleoside, nucleotide, and cyclic nucleotide. A nucleic acid
      analyzer was used to study the hydrolysis of these cyclic nucleotides by
      phosphodiesterase. It was found that all of the 8-substituted selenoguanosine
      cyclic 3',5'-phosphates synthesized, except 8-MeSe-cGMP, were resistant to
      hydrolyze by phosphodiesterase. These 8-substituted seleno cyclic GMP derivatives
      showed some antitumor activities against murine leukemic cells (L5178Y) in vitro
      and in vivo.

PMID- 168385
TI  - Synthesis and antitumor properties of new glycosides of daunomycinone and
      adriamycinone.
AB  - The synthesis of 4'-epi-daunorubicin and of 4'-epi-adriamycin was performed by
      condensation of 2,3,6-trideoxy-3-trifluoroacetamido-4-O-trifluoroacetyl-alpha-L
      arabino-hexopyranosyl chloride with daunomycinone or the protected adriamycinone
      derivative 17, respectively. Both the alpha and beta anomers were obtained and
      characterized. All new compounds are biologically active in cultured cells and
      the alpha anomers display noticeable activity in experimental tumors in mice.
      Interestingly, 4'-epi-adriamycin (4) appears nontoxic to cultured heart cells up
      to a concentration of 5 mug/ml.

PMID- 168386
TI  - Confirmation by synthesis of ristosamine as 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-ribo-hexose.

PMID- 168387
TI  - A comparative study of NAD+ binding sites in dehydrogenases by circular
      polarization of fluorescence.

PMID- 168388
TI  - 5'-terminal phosphorylation and secondary structure of double-stranded RNA from a
      fungal virus.

PMID- 168389
TI  - Genetic mapping of a new promoter for the lac operon.

PMID- 168390
TI  - The regulatory region of the L-arabinose operon: its isolation on a 1000 base
      pair fragment from DNA heteroduplexes.

PMID- 168391
TI  - The regulatory region of the L-arabinose operon: a physical, genetic and
      physiological study.

PMID- 168392
TI  - Use of amino acid sequence data in phylogeny and evaluation of methods using
      computer simulation.

PMID- 168393
TI  - The presence of cyclic AMP-stimulated protein kinase substrates and evidence for
      endogenoudogenous protein kinase activity in various Na+, K+-ATPase preparations
      from brain, heart and kidney.

PMID- 168395
TI  - The ultrastructure of the interfollicular epidermis of the hairless (hr/hr)
      mouse. III. Desmosomal transformation during keratinization.

PMID- 168394
TI  - Haemorrhagic manifestations of influenza A infection in children.

PMID- 168396
TI  - The replication of adeno-associated satellite virus. The three-component system,
      satellite, herpes virus, and adenovirus.

PMID- 168397
TI  - Ultrastructural study of the testicular interstitial cells and the prostate
      involution in rats bearing a transplantable prolactin and growth hormone
      producing tumor.

PMID- 168398
TI  - [Contribution of echotomography (ETG) in the diagnosis of enlarged kidneys in
      children].

PMID- 168399
TI  - Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on herpesvirus-induced inhibition of cellular DNA
      synthesis.
AB  - In pseudorabies virus-infected cells host DNA synthesis is turned off 4 to 5 h
      postinfection. In the presence of 0.5 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose, however, synthesis of
      both cellular and viral DNA proceeds unimpaired throughout the virus replication
      cycle. The uptake of radioactive thymidine into mock-infected cells is not
      altered in the presence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Virus-specific protein synthesis
      and particle formation also proceed in medium containing the deoxy sugar, but the
      virus particles produced are noninfectious and cell fusion is inhibited.

PMID- 168400
TI  - Association of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein with virion membrane:
      characterization of the lipophilic tail fragment.
AB  - The proteolytic enzyme, thermolysin, degraded the external segment of the
      membrane glycoprotein of intact vesicular stomatitis (VS) virions but left behind
      a small nonglycosylated fragment, presumably embedded in the virion membrane.
      Other proteases generated membrane-associated glycoprotein fragments differing
      somewhat in molecular weight. The thermolysin-resistant, virion-associated
      fragment, which can be selectively solubilized by either Triton X-100 or
      chloroform/methanol, has a molecular weight of 5,200. Amino acid analysis of the
      glycoprotein fragment reveals a preponderance of hydrophobic amino acids (64% of
      the residues); the amino-terminal amino acid is alanine as determined by
      dansylation. Cyanogen bromide digestion of the tail fragment generated two
      peptides, confirming the presence of one methionine residue per thermolysin
      resistant glycoprotein fragment. The secondary structure of this glycoprotein
      tail peptide is maintained by at least one disulfide bridge. Thermolysin
      treatment is isolated VS viral glycoprotein in the presence of Triton X-100 also
      generated a hydrophobic peptide fragment which is very similar to the virion
      associated glycoprotein fragment. The amino acid terminus of intact glycoprotein
      was also found to be alanine as was its dansylated Triton-micellar fragment that
      resisted thermolytic degradation; this finding suggests that the amino-terminal
      end of the VS viral glycoprotein is embedded in the virion membrane. These
      results suggest that the VS viral glycoprotein is an amphipathic molecule, the
      hydrophilic portion of which contains all the carbohydrate and a lipophilic tail
      segment which forms lipid or detergent micelles, thus rendering it resistant to
      proteolysis.

PMID- 168401
TI  - Intracellular synthesis of mouse mammary tumor virus polypeptides: indication of
      a precursor glycoprotein.
AB  - Mouse mammary tumor virus polypeptides were detected in the cytoplasm of mouse
      mammary tumor cell cultures using immunological precipitation techniques. The
      anti-mouse mammary tumor virus serum precipitated the major virion glycoproteins
      gp49 and gp37.5/33.5 and a viral-related nonvirion glycoprotein of 76,000
      daltons. Subcellular fractionation studies revelaed that the cell-associated
      virion glycoproteins were present in the membrane fraction. Pulsechase
      experiments indicated that a viral-related nonvirion glycoprotein of 76,000
      daltons may be a precursor to one or more of the virion glycoproteins.

PMID- 168402
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 defective in lysis
      but not in transformation.
AB  - Twelve temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1),
      representing seven complementation groups, were isolated subsequent to 5
      bromodeoxyuridine mutagenesis. These mutants were identified by their inability
      to replicate in a line of monkey (CV-1) cells at 39 C. Seven of these mutants,
      representing six complementation groups, induced thymidine kinase (tk) and
      transformed Ltk- cells, a line of mouse L cells lacking tk, to a tk+ phenotype at
      both the permissive (34 C) and nonpermissive (39 C) temperatures. Thus, the
      defective cistrons in these six complementation groups, although necessary for
      lysis, have no essential function in this transformation system. Transformation
      by these 12 mutants was dependent on prior UV irradiation. Infection of cells
      with unirradiated virus under conditions which did not permit virus replication
      was not sufficient to allow cell transformation. Five mutants, representing two
      complementation groups, were tk- and were incapable of causing the tk--to-tk+
      transformation at either 34 C of 39 C. The tk defects in these mutants are
      probably unrelated to the ts defects, since one of these complementation groups
      contains a tk+ member. Therefore, transformation of Ltk- cells to a tk+ phenotype
      by HSV-1 requires an active viral tk gene. One complementation group was
      represented by a single tk- member. The role of this cistron in transformation
      remains undetermined since the primary block to transformation is presumed to be
      the tk- phenotype. Mutants representing the seven complementation groups were
      unable to replicate at 39 C in two lines of HSV-1-transformed cells, indicating
      that the activities of resident wild-type copies of the defective cistrons, if
      present, could not be detected by complementation.

PMID- 168403
TI  - Reaction of poliovirus RNAs with antibodies to double-stranded RNA demonstrated
      by an immunochemical binding assay.
AB  - An immunochemical binding assay was used to investigate the reactivity of
      radioactively labeled viral RNAs from poliovirus-infected cells with antibodies
      to the synthetic double-stranded RNA, poly(I)-poly(C). A RNase-free antibody
      containing serum fraction was employed. Poliovirus replicative form reacted with
      the antibodies to poly(I)-poly(C) as well as or better than poly(I)-poly(C).
      Poliovirus replicative intermediate reacted with the antibodies to a greater
      extent than poliovirus single-stranded RNA, but both were less reactive than
      replicative form. The use of the immunochemical binding assay with sucrose
      gradient fractions demonstrated that for both poliovirus single-stranded RNA and
      replicative form the peak of reactivity with the antibodies was coincident with
      the peak of radioactive material precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. The
      proportion of replicative intermediate that reacted with the antibody increased
      in sucrose-gradient fractions containing the more slowly sedimenting RI RNA.

PMID- 168404
TI  - Human cytomegalovirus. III. Virus-induced DNA polymerase.
AB  - Infection of WI-38 human fibroblasts with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) led to the
      stimulation of host cell DNA polymerase synthesis and induction of a novel virus
      specific DNA polymerase. This cytomegalovirus-induced DNA polymerase was purified
      and separated from host cell enzymes by DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose
      column chromatographies. It can be distinguished from host cell enzymes by
      chromatographic behavior, template primer specificity, sedimentation property,
      and the requirement of salt for maximal activity. This virus-induced enzyme has a
      sedimentation coefficient of 9.2S and is found in both the nuclei and cytoplasm
      of virus-infected cells, but not in uninfected cells. This enzyme could
      efficiently use activated calf-thymus DNA, oly(dA)-oligo(dT)12-18, and poly(dC)
      oligo(dG)12-18 as template primers, especially poly(dA)-oligo(dT)12-18, but it
      could not use poly(rA)-oligo(dT)12-18, poly(rC)-oligo(dG)12-18, or oligo(dT)12
      18. The enzyme requires Mg2+ for maximal activity, is sensitive to p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate, and is not a zinc metalloenzyme. In addition, the
      cytomegalovirus-induced DNA polymerase activity can be enhanced by adding 0.06 to
      0.12 M NaCl or 0.03 to 0.06 M (NH4)2SO4 to the reaction mixture.

PMID- 168405
TI  - Abortive infection of a rabbit cornea cell line by vesicular stomatitis virus:
      conversion to productive infection by superinfection with vaccinia virus.
AB  - An abortive infection of a rabbit cornea cell line (RC-60) by vesicular
      stomatitis virus (VSV), yielding less than 1 PFU/cell, was converted to a
      productive infection, yielding 1,900 PFU/cell, when cells were superinfected with
      vaccinia. Studies on the synthesis of VSV-directed RNA in RC-60 cells suggest
      that the abortive infection by VSV alone may be due in part to (i) a limited
      production of 40S virion RNA and (ii) a markedly reduced activity of virion-bound
      transcriptase activity in RC-60 cells compared to the activity in mouse L cells,
      a permissive host for VSV. No recognizable VSV structures, except a small amount
      of viral core structures, were produced by the abortive infection. In contrast,
      double infection of RC-60 cells with VSV and vaccinia in the presence of
      hydroxyurea resulted in the production of infective B particles of VSV. Although
      the function supplied by vaccinia responsible for the productive replication of
      VSV in double infected RC-60 cells has not been identified, metabolic inhibitor
      studies indicate that continuous vaccinia-dependent RNA synthesis is required for
      maximal production of infective VSV. The possibility is considered that vaccinia
      may supply a product or function required for VSV replication which is ordinarily
      supplied by the host but which is lacking in RC-60 cells.

PMID- 168406
TI  - Synthesis of functional bacteriophage T4-delayed early mRNA in the absence of
      protein synthesis.
AB  - When Escherichia coli B207 is grown either aerobically or under limited aerobic
      conditions, pretreated with chloramphenicol to block protein synthesis, and then
      infected with bacteriophage T4, the phage RNA which accumulates, termed
      "immediately early" (IE), contains the transcripts of a limited number of
      prereplicative genes. Among the transcripts which accumulate is the mRNA which
      serves as a template for deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase (HMase) synthesis.
      Among the prereplicative gene transcripts which do not accumulate under these
      conditions are deoxycytidine triphosphatase (dCTPase), alpha-glucosyl transferase
      (alphg-gt), and deoxynucleotide kinase (kinase); these genes have been termed
      "delayed early" (DE). In contrast, when protein synthesis is inhibited by 
      depleting aerobically grown E. coli B207 of K+, both IE and DE T4 RNA accumulate,
      but these transcripts do not contain functional HMase, dCTPase, alpha-gt, or
      kinase mRNA's. However, if E. coli is grown under conditions of limited aeration
      and then depleted of K+ prior to T4 infection, the T4 RNA which accumulates
      contains both IE and DE transcripts and functional HMase, dCTPase, and alpha-gt
      mRNA's. Functional kinase mRNA does not accumulate under these conditions. The
      results of these experiments indicate that the synthesis of functional DE RNA in
      the absence of simultaneous protein synthesis, depends on the physiological
      condition of the cells and the way in which protein synthesis is inhibited. In
      addition, data is presented which suggests that extensive transcription of DE
      genes in the absence of protein synthesis results in the inhibition of
      transcription of certain IE genes.

PMID- 168407
TI  - Demyelination and cytopathic effects in cultures of mammalian dorsal root ganglia
      infected with encephalomyocarditis virus.
AB  - Replication of encephalomyocarditis virus and its cytopathic effects were studied
      in myelinated cultures of dorsal root ganglia obtained from newborn mice. Six
      hours after infection virus progeny was detected in the culture. At 24 h the
      virus titer reached 2 times 10(6) PFU per culture and remained at this level
      until 48 h. The first cytopathic alterations began at 24 h and consisted of
      rounding of Schwann and satellites cells and their detachment from neurons.
      Later, bead-like swellings of the myelin appeared along the axons followed by
      splitting and degeneration of lamellae. The cytopathic effect in the neurons
      started 29 h after infection, reaching complete neuronolysis at 48 h. Virus
      particles, scattered or arranged in crystal-like aggregates, were first seen in
      the cytoplasm of glial cells and then in neurons and axons.

PMID- 168408
TI  - Structure, subunit composition, and molecular weight of RD-114 RNA.
AB  - The properties and subunit composition of the RNA extracted from RD-114 virions
      have been studied. The RNA extracted from the virion has a sedimentation
      coefficient of 52S in a nondenaturing aqueous electrolyte. The estimated
      molecular weight by sedimentation in nondenaturing and weakly denaturing media is
      in the range 5.7 X 10(6) to 7.0 X 10(6). By electron microscopy, under moderately
      denaturing conditions, the 52S molecule is seen to be an extended single strand
      with a contour length of about 4.0 mum corresponding to a molecular weight of
      5.74 X 10(6). It contains two characteristic secondary structure features: (i) a
      central Y- or T-shaped structure (the rabbit ears) with a molecular weight of 0.3
      X 10(6), (ii) two symmetreically disposed loops on each side of and at equal
      distance from the center. The 52S molecule consists of two half-size molecules,
      with molecular weight 2.8 X 10(6), joined together within the central rabbit ears
      feature. Melting of the rabbit ears with concomitant dissociation of the 52S
      molecule into subunits, has been caused by either one of two strongly denaturing
      treatments: incubation in a mixture of CH3HgOH and glyoxal at room temperature,
      or thermal dissociation in a urea-formamide solvent. When half-size molecules are
      quenched from denaturing temperatures, a new off-center secondary structure
      feature termed the branch-like structure is seen. The dissociation behavior of
      the 52S complex and the molecular weight of the subunits have been confirmed by
      gel electrophoresis studies. The loop structures melt at fairly low temperatures;
      the dissociation of the 52S molecule into its two subunits occurs at a higher
      temperature corresponding to a base composition of about 63% guanosine plus
      cytosine. Polyadenylic acid mapping by electron microscopy shows that the 52S
      molecule contains two polyadenylic acid segments, one at each end. It thus
      appears that 52S RD-114 RNA consists of two 2.8 X 10(6) dalton subunits, each
      with a characteristic secondary structure loop, and joined at the 5' ends to form
      the rabbit ears secondary structure feature. The observations are consistent with
      but do not require the conclusion that the two 2.8 X 10(6) dalton subunits of 52S
      RD-114 RNA are identical.

PMID- 168409
TI  - Further evidence for the existence of a viral envelope protein defect in the
      Bryan high-titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - Electron microscopy observations of purified Bryan high-titer Rous sarcoma virus
      (BH RSV) using the freeze-drying technique showed that progeny made in the
      absence of a helper virus lacked visible surface projections or spikes.
      Phenotypic mixing experiments employing BH RSV and a thermolabile mutant of
      vesicular stomatitis virus, tl 17, yielded no evidence of pseudotype formation.
      Since tl 17 is known to be defective for an envelope glycoprotein, the lack of
      successful phenotypic mixing with BH RSV is consistent with the observed absence
      of viral spikes.

PMID- 168410
TI  - Association of ribosomes with intracellular vesicular stomatitis virus particles.
AB  - Ribosomes are observed intimately associated with nucleocapsids of vesicular,
      stomatitis virus, especially those that line structures that are either
      cytoplasmic vesicles or invaginations of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 168411
TI  - Poxvirus infection in the white-backed magpie (Gymnorhina hypoleuca) and pox-like
      conditions in other birds in Australia.
AB  - Lesions, grossly and histologically typical of pox infection, occurred in a white
      backed magpie from Melbourne, Australia. Electron microscopic examination
      revealed typical poxvirus particles in lesion material. The disease was
      experimentally transmitted to other magpies, but chickens, turkeys, pigeons, and
      canaries were refractory to experimental infection with magpie poxvirus. The
      epidemiology of magpie pox and the probable occurrence of pox-like disease in
      other native Australian birds are discussed.

PMID- 168412
TI  - Should hyperlipoproteinemia be treated in patients with coronary artery disease?

PMID- 168413
TI  - Recurrent erythema multiforme and Herpes genitalis (type 2).

PMID- 168414
TI  - Letter: Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in sudden infant death syndrome.

PMID- 168415
TI  - Epithelioid granulomas in Hodgkin disease. A favorable prognostic sign?
AB  - Histologic sections of spleen and liver prepared from tissue obtained during
      exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy in 91 untreated patients with Hodgkin
      disease were reviewed to assess the incidence and possible implications of
      noncaseating, epitheliod, sarcoid-like granulomas. The 17 patients with
      granulomas and the 74 patients without granulomas did not differ appreciably with
      respect to pretreatment indexes. All patients were observed for at least 15
      months following laparotomy or until the time of death (range, 15 to 67 months;
      median, 25 months). The 17 patients with granulomas tended to have fewer
      relapses, longer survival, and lower incidence of subsequent herpes zoster
      infection compared to the 74 without granulomas. The presence of epithelioid
      granulomas in association with Hodgkin disease may reflect a host response to the
      tumor with favorable prognostic implications.

PMID- 168416
TI  - Portal diversion. Treatment for glycogen storage disease and hyperlipemia.

PMID- 168417
TI  - Hepatitis types B and non-B. Epidemiologic background.
AB  - Two episodes of acute viral hepatitis occurred in each of 34 patients. One
      episode in each patient was serologically diagnosable as type B hepatitis on the
      basis of tests for hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody. The other episode was
      classified as "non-B" on the basis of seronegativity, reinforced by
      seropositivity in an alternate bout. An epidemiologic background appropriate to
      "serum" hepatitis, either transfusion (one bout) or illicit self-injection (46
      bouts), was associated just as frequently with serologically non-B episodes as
      with identified type B disease. The diagnosis of type B hepatitis, therefore,
      should be made only on the basis of serologic tests specific for hepatitis B
      virus infection. Other cases of sporadic diseases in adults must be labeled
      "viral hepatitis, type unspecifiable."

PMID- 168418
TI  - Studies on the free radicals in myocardial mitochondria by electron spin
      resonance (EST) spectrometry (studies on experimental infarction dogs).

PMID- 168419
TI  - [Proceedings: Biochemical studies of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Report 2.
      Relationship between cyclic AMP and calcium binding].

PMID- 168420
TI  - [Proceedings: Hemodynamic changes caused by administration of dibutyrylcyclic AMP
      - its effects on dogs with hemorrhagic shock and normal control].

PMID- 168421
TI  - [Biodegradation of linear alkylate sulfonates in river model (author's transl)].

PMID- 168423
TI  - Participation of mono- and polysynaptic transmission during tonic activation of
      the stretch reflex arcs.
AB  - Through intracellular observations of the cat spinal motoneuron both mono- and
      polysynaptic reflex arcs were shown to participate in repetitive activation of
      stretch reflex. Experiments were performed on 25 cats anesthetized by
      intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 3 cc/kg of a mixture of 1% chloralose and 10%
      urethane. Driving of the motoneuronal discharges accomplished by electric
      stimulation (16-100 Hz) of the gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis nerves.
      Repeated electric stimulation of muscle nerves elicited monosynaptic "vibratory"
      EPSPs and a polysynaptic "augmenting" EPSP in the motoneuron. The firing of the
      motoneuron occurred when a temporal summation of the "vibratory" EPSPs was
      sufficiently obtained. The discharge frequency of motoneuron, MNf, was expressed
      as a product of electrostimulus frequency, Sf, and reciprocal of an integer, n,
      i.e. MNf=(1/n)Sf. An increase in the stimulus intensity resulted in a dimimution
      of the vibratory EPSP and a remarkable increase of n. This was assumed to be due
      to an inhibitory process produced by the Group II fibers. The minimum value of
      integer n was always a determinant factor for the maximum value of MNf which was
      referred to as the "preferred" frequency of the motoneuron. Long-lasting electric
      stimulation of muscle nerves was followed by a more remarkable recruitment of the
      augmenting EPSP which made the motoneuron attain its critical threshold of
      firing. Motoneuronal spikes elicited by such a large augmenting EPSP were not
      locked to the Ia impulses. Unlocked spikes were observed only in a later stage of
      electric stimulation of Ia fibers.

PMID- 168422
TI  - Requirement of newly synthesized protein for the priming activity of interferon.
AB  - Pretreatment of mouse L cells with interferon (IF) enhanced IF production in
      response to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I-poly C). Post-treatment of
      cells with IF caused no significant enhancement of IF production. The enhancing
      effect of IF pretreatment (priming) reached a maximum after incubation with IF
      (10 or 100 units/ml) for 4-6 hr at 37 C, but this effect was absent when the
      incubation was done at 4 C. Cells which were incubated for additional several
      hours at 37 C after IF pretreatment at 4 C did not develop the primed state nor
      the antiviral state. The presence of protein synthesis inhibitors during the IF
      pretreatment depressed, though not completely, the development of the primed
      state. The residual priming effect was lost when the cells were incubated with
      the inhibitors at 37 C for 2 hr before they were exposed to poly I-poly C. There
      was no significant difference in the binding rate of poly I-poly C to cells
      between IF-treated and untreated cells. The degradation rate of cell-bound poly I
      poly C and its sensitivity to exogenous pancreatic ribonuclease in the pretreated
      cells were also similar to those in the untreated cells.

PMID- 168424
TI  - Antiphosphodiesterase activity and nonspecific smooth muscle relaxation tested on
      intestinal smooth muscles.
AB  - Mitochondrial, microsomal and soluble fractions separated from the guinea pig
      taenia and from the dog longitudinal smooth muscle were used as phosphodiesterase
      preparation. Each preparation had low and high Km values, indicating the
      existence of at least two kinds of phosphodiesterase. Papaverine and Aspaminol
      (1, 1-diphenyl-3-piperidinobutanol hydrochloride), hydralazine, caffeine Na
      benzoate and aminophylline were used at test drugs. Aspaminol had little
      inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterase. Ki value of papaverine almost equalled
      the concentration (M) which was necessary to produce 50% relaxation. Relaxation
      of the guinea pig taenia by papaverine was preceded by an increase of
      intracellular cyclic AMP,. Therefore, the action of papaverine is likely to be
      mediated by an increase in cyclic AMP, which is caused by inhibition of the
      phosphodiesterase-catalyzed breakdown of cyclic AMP. There was little correlation
      between relaxing activities of the drugs used and their antiphosphodiesterase
      activities. Relaxation of the smooth muscle induced by the smooth muscle
      relaxants excepting papaverine is not due to inhibition of phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 168425
TI  - [Problem of the relationship of the effects of catecholamines in the myocardium].

PMID- 168426
TI  - [Exudative erythema multiforme developed after single administration of ACTH].

PMID- 168427
TI  - [Peripheral neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 168428
TI  - Murine virus susceptibility of cell cultures of mouse, rat, hamster, monkey, and
      human origin.
AB  - Studies were initiated to determine the practicality of using various tissue
      cultures for the propagation of murine viruses isolated from laboratory animals.
      The cytopathogenic effects of 10 murine viruses known to cause disease in
      laboratory rodents were compared in monolayer cultures of L929, BHK-21, WI-38,
      BSC-1, and Vero cells. The susceptibility of primary hamster embryo, hamster
      kidney, mouse embryo, mouse kidney, and rat embryo cell cultures was also tested.
      Seven of the viruses produced effects in at least 1 of the cell substrates. The
      remaining 3 viruses, namely H-1, K, and mouse hepatitis, produced no effects in
      the cell cultures tested.

PMID- 168430
TI  - An hypothesis for the aetiology of canine chemoreceptor system neoplasms, based
      upon an epidemiological study of 73 cases among hospital patients.

PMID- 168429
TI  - Application of agar-gel precipitin test for the detection of Sendai virus
      antibody in rat sera.
AB  - A simplified agar-gel precipitin test was performed for the detection of Sendai
      virus antibody in rat sera. A close correlation was observed between detection of
      antibodies by complement-fixation test and agar-gel precipitin test. No
      correlation was found between results obtained by hemagglutination-inhibition
      test and agar-gel precipitin test in sera with HI titer of less than 1:8.

PMID- 168431
TI  - Steroid glucuronides in amniotic fluid at term.

PMID- 168432
TI  - Metabolism of ethynyloestradiol and oestradiol in the guinea-pig.

PMID- 168433
TI  - Effect of natural and synthetic Beta-1 minus 24-and Beta-1 minus 18
      corticotrophins on the extra-adrenal metabolism of cortisol and aldosterone in
      patients with addison's disease.

PMID- 168434
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of steroids the role of the "bridge" linking the steroid hapten
      to the protein carrier.

PMID- 168435
TI  - Interaction of the 5'-ends of 28S RNA in dimerization of hamster ribosomes.
AB  - Free ribosomes extracted from hamster cells and 28S RNA purified from these
      ribosomes are known to form dimers. We find that spleen phosphodiesterase
      inhibits ribosomal dimer formation, but only when a free 5'-hydroxyl end group,
      produced by the action of alkaline phosphatase, is present. Hence, formation of
      dimer ribosomes probably involves interaction at or near the phosphorylated 5'
      ends of 28S RNA. Dimer RNA molecules show a modal length, when measured on
      electrom micrographs, of 2.1 mum, which is about double the length of 28S RNA.
      Electron micrographs of 115S dimer ribosomes often show profiles consistent with
      our interpretation that in dimers the 28S RNA chains are loosely linked by their
      5'-ends.

PMID- 168436
TI  - Duodenoscopy and endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography: present
      position in relation to periampullary and pancreatic cancer.
AB  - Duodenoscopy and endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography represent a
      major advance in the diagnosis of periampullary and pancreatic lesions.
      Instruments, techniques and complications are reviewed. A combination of
      endoscopy and ERCP will yield diagnosis in a high proportion of patients
      suspected of pancreatic or ampullary carcinomata. Information is obtained which
      is not only of diagnostic value but is important in the surgical treatment of
      such patients.

PMID- 168437
TI  - Radiologic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
AB  - Modern radiology makes possible an accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in
      about 95 percent of cases. Conventional upper gastrointestinal study, isotopic
      scanning, hypotonic duodenography, and ultrasonography are suitable as screening
      procedures. Special methods of high accuracy - pancreatic arteriography,
      endoscopic pancreatography, and transhepatic cholangiography are used as needed
      for definitive diagnosis.

PMID- 168438
TI  - Carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas: pathologic aspects.
AB  - This discussion is based upon 205 autopsied cases of carcinoma of the pancreas.
      Sixty-six percent were male, eighty percent white, mean age 61.5 years. Fifty
      three percent of tumors occurred in the head of the pancreas. Most lesions were
      moderately well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. Pathologic aspects of carcinoma
      of the pancreas are discussed.

PMID- 168439
TI  - The relationship of histology to the spread of cancer.
AB  - This paper investigates the question of whether different types of histology at
      the same site can affect the spread of metastases - that is, producing a greater
      or fewer number of metastases depending on the histological diagnosis. Autopsy
      records were the source of the data analyzed in this paper. The metastases were
      subdivided into four categories - central nervous metastases, endocrine
      metastases, metastases at various lymphatic areas, and a miscellaneous group of
      metastases called the "remainder" group. It was found that adenocarcinoma and oat
      cell carcinoma of the lungs are more aggressive in their metastatic spread than
      squamous cell carcinoma at the same site. Adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri had
      more widespread metastases than squamous cell carcinoma at the same site. No
      difference at all was detectable in the number of metastases, in men or in women,
      between transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the bladder and kidney.
      Cystadenocarcinoma of the ovaries appeared to be less widespread than
      adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified) of the same site.

PMID- 168440
TI  - Malignant melanoma and carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Five patients with breast cancer and malignant melanoma are reported. Two
      patients had a third primary malignancy. In 4 out of 5 patients the breast tumor
      was the initial tumor discovered, and in 4 out of 5 the second tumor evolved
      metachronously. No specific carcinogenic factor could be established. The low
      malignancy potential of the melanoma by pathologic criteria may explain the lack
      of previous reports of this association.

PMID- 168441
TI  - Conformational flexibility in physiologically active amines.

PMID- 168442
TI  - In defence of a special role for the iodo substituents in thyroid hormones.

PMID- 168443
TI  - Oat cell carcinoma as a malignant apudoma.
AB  - The neural crest origin of cells secreting amine and polypeptide hormones (APUD
      cells) is a unifying concept. The relationship of the classical endocrine system
      to that of tumor hormone secretion can be explained by the diffuse migration and
      later neoplasia of these unique cells. This paper describes the APUD cell origins
      of oat cell carcinoma.

PMID- 168444
TI  - Phosphodiesterase and adenyl-cyclase activities in the cerebral cotex of the
      aging rat.
AB  - In an effort to determine the factors responsible for the four-fold decrease in
      cyclic-AMP content of the rat cerebral cortex, observed to occur between the ages
      of 3 and 6 months, studies were performed on adenyl-cyclase and
      phosphodiesterase, the cyclic-AMP synthesizing and hydrolyzing enzymes. The
      activities and kinetic characteristics were determined for both enzymes as
      obtained from the cerebral cortex of rats ranging in age from one to 24 months.
      No age dependence was observed either in adenyl-cyclase activity, assayed with or
      without fluoride ion, or in phosphodiesterase activity. It was concluded that age
      related changes in factors other than the direc levels of these enzymes underlie
      the age related decline in cortical cyclic-AMP levels.

PMID- 168446
TI  - Prostaglandins, cyclic AMP and the biochemical mechanism of opiate agonist
      action.

PMID- 168445
TI  - Cyclic AMP and adenylate cyclase in the inner ear.
AB  - The activity of adenylate cyclase and the steady state levels of cyclic AMP
      (cAMP) were determined in stria vascularis (SV) and organ of Corti (OC) of the
      guinea pig cochlea. The activities are 12 and 19 pmoles/mg dry weight/minute for
      OC and SV, respectively. The activity was increased two to four-fold by NaF. The
      base level of cAMP is 4.2 and 4.4 nmoles/g dry weight in OC and SV, respectively.
      In contrast to brain, neither ischemia nor barbiturates produced major changes of
      the steady state levels of cAMP. No in vitro effect of cAMP upon the state of
      activation of glycogen phosphorylase was noticeable in either tissue. cAMP did
      not exert a significant in vitro inhibition of strial Na+K+-ATPase. Perilymphatic
      perfusion of cAMP (10-3 M) and of theophylline (5 times 10-3 M) did not produce
      changes in the endolymphatic potential (EP), but dibutyryl cAMP (10-3 M) led to a
      significant increase of EP. The alpha adrenergic blocking agent, phentolamine,
      produced very complex changes of the cochlear potentials. A possible role of
      catecholamines and cAMP in the secretory phenomena of the SV and in the
      transduction and/or transmission processes of the auditory sense organ are
      discussed.

PMID- 168447
TI  - Influence of opiates on the levels of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in
      neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells.

PMID- 168448
TI  - Opiate receptors as regulators of adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 168449
TI  - Regional alterations in cyclic nucleotide levels with acute and chronic morphine
      treatment.

PMID- 168450
TI  - Possible role of cyclic AMP and dopamine in morphine tolerance and physical
      dependence.

PMID- 168451
TI  - Changes in brain cyclic AMP metabolism and acetylcholine and dopamine during
      narcotic dependence and withdrawal.

PMID- 168452
TI  - Morphone abstinence and quasi-abstinence effects after phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors and naloxone.

PMID- 168453
TI  - The prevention of asbestos-induced hemolysis.

PMID- 168454
TI  - Insulin and proinsulin release during calcium infusion in a patient with islet
      cell tumor.
AB  - The infusion of calcium results in the release of gastrin, calcitonin, and
      serotonin from certain nonbeta islet cell tumors of the pancreas, medullary
      carcinomas of the thyroid, and carcinoid tumors, respectively. In this study,
      intravenous infusion of either calcium chloride or calcium aluconate in a patient
      with an islet-cell carcinoma resulted in a simultaneous rise in plasma
      immunoreactive insulin and proinsulin, and concurrent hypoglycemia. After
      resection of the tumor, calcium infusion caused no change in these parameters.
      Similarly, calcium infusion caused no change in plasma insulin or glucose in
      normal volunteers. The response of this tumor suggests that calcium infusion may
      be a useful provocative test to detect insulin-secreting neoplasia. A derangement
      of the stimulus-secretion coupling mechanism for insulin in the tumor cells may
      be responsible for their abnormal sensitivity to calcium ion.

PMID- 168455
TI  - Lp(a) lipoprotein: relationship to sinking pre-beta lipoprotein
      hyperlipoproteinemia, and apolipoprotein B.
AB  - To assess the relationship between the Lp(a) and the "sinking pre-beta" (d
      smaller than 1.006) lipoprotein, the concentration of Lp(a) was quantified by
      radial immunodiffusion and the presence or absence of sinking pre-beta was
      assessed by agarose electrophoresis in overnight fasting plasma samples from 485
      adults, comprised of 320 with normal lipid levels, 48 with type IIa, 40 with type
      IIb, and 77 with type IV lipoprotein phenotypes. The median Lp(a) level was 7.6
      mg/100 ml, 89% (433 of 485) having detectable Lp(a) levels. Twenty-two per cent
      (107 of 485) had detectable pre-beta lipoprotein in the d greater than 1.006
      plasma fraction (sinking pre-beta). Of the sinking pre-beta positive plasma
      samples, 96% (102 and 107) exceeded the median Lp(a) level, and sinking pre-beta
      was detected in all 44 samples with an Lp(a) concentration exceeding 40 mg/100
      ml. The relationship of Lp(a) and sinking pre-beta to lipoprotein phenotype was
      assessed. Compared to the normolipidemic group, the type IIa group had higher
      Lp(a) percentile values (p smaller than 0.02), whereas the IIb and type IV groups
      had significantly lower Lp(a) values than the normolipidemic group. Ninety-two
      per cent (296 of 320) of the normolipidemic subjects had detectable levels of
      Lp(a) and 22% (70 of 320) had detectable sinking pre-beta lipoprotein. Ninety
      four per cent (45 of 48) of the type IIa plasmas had detectable Lp(a) levels and
      27% (13 of 48) had sinking pre-beta lipoproteins. Contrasted with the IIa group,
      only 80% (32 of 40) of the IIb plasmas had detectable Lp(a) levels and 18% (7 of
      40) had sinking pre-beta lipoprotein. In the type IV plasmas 78% (60 of 77) had
      detectable Lp(a) and 22% (17 of 77) had sinking pre-beta lipoprotein. Lp(a) or
      log Lp(a) levels were not correlated with apolipoprotein B levels (n = 485, r =
      0.002 or 0.037, respectively). Furthermore, Lp(a) levels remained essentially
      constant in three subjects whose aprptein B levels were altered in response to
      pharmacological and/or dietary manipulation. A fourth subject had a 50% increase
      in Lp(a) but this change did not correlate with apoprotein B changes. Thus, these
      findings suggest that Lp(a) is metabolically independnet of low density
      lipoprotein even though it shares the same structural protein, apoprotein B.

PMID- 168456
TI  - Selective proteolysis of the receptor for parathyroid hormone in skeletal tissue.
AB  - Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and prostaglandin E2 activate the adenylate
      cyclase-cyclic AMP system in fetal-rat calvaria. These agents presumably interact
      with the tissue at separate receptor sites. When calvaria were preincubated with
      trypsin, 500 mug/ml for 45 min, the subsequent increase in 3',5'-AMP in response
      to parathyroid hormone was markedly diminished, whereas the response to
      calcitonin and prostaglandin E2 were not altered significantly. The effect was
      attributable to an action of the enzyme on the tissue and not to hydrolysis of
      the hormone. Similarily, preincubation of calvaria with trypsin prior to
      homogenization and preparation of a crude plasma membrane fraction decreased PTH
      sensitive adenylate-cyclase activity by 58% but did not alter the degree of
      stimulation of the enzyme in response to calcitonin, prostaglandin E2, or sodium
      fluoride. These studies support the hypothesis that the actions of parathyroid
      hormone and calcitonin on bone are mediated through distinct receptor sites, and
      the receptors for parathyroid hormone can be altered selectively with trypsin.

PMID- 168458
TI  - An ultrastructural approach to the study of endocrine cells in vitro.

PMID- 168457
TI  - Systems for evaluation of uterine responses in vitro.

PMID- 168459
TI  - Methods for assessing hormone-mediated differentiation of ovarian cells in
      culture and in short-term incubations.

PMID- 168460
TI  - The preparation of renal cell suspensions for the study of renin production and
      other renal functions.

PMID- 168461
TI  - Perfusion of the placenta in vitro.

PMID- 168464
TI  - The perfused rat kidney.

PMID- 168463
TI  - The infused testis.

PMID- 168462
TI  - Gonadotropic stimulation of interstitial cell functions of the rat testis in
      vitro.

PMID- 168465
TI  - Superfusion techniques for assessment of steriod hormone production in endocrine
      tissue and isolated cells cadrenal.

PMID- 168466
TI  - The perfused adrenal gland.

PMID- 168467
TI  - The rat adrenal in situ.

PMID- 168468
TI  - A new approach to the structure-activity relationship for ACTH analogs using
      isolated adrenal cortex cells.

PMID- 168470
TI  - Androgen metabolism and receptor activity in preputial glands and kidneys of
      normal and androgen-insenitive tfm rats and tfm/y mice.

PMID- 168469
TI  - Methods for assessing the bioligical activity of the mammalian pineal organ.

PMID- 168471
TI  - Enzyme secretion and K+ release mediated by beta and alpha adrenergic receptors
      in rat parotid slices.

PMID- 168472
TI  - An insect salivary gland: a model for evaluating hormone action.

PMID- 168473
TI  - Preparation of isolated epididymal capillary endothelial cells and their use in
      the study of cyclic AMP metabolism.

PMID- 168474
TI  - The growth and utilization of Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system for
      hormone or protohormone action.

PMID- 168475
TI  - Methods for assessing hormone effects on calcium fluxes in vitro.

PMID- 168476
TI  - The perfused in situ rabbit skeletal muscle.

PMID- 168477
TI  - The importance of geographical pathology.
AB  - Three different forms of cancer--the Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
      and skin cancer--are discussed in their relation to geographical distribution,
      the possible role of viruses, and genetic predisposition. Certain general
      conclusions in regard to cancer follow from these discussions. It is stated
      firmly that cancer is not a disease but a tissue manifestation which has not only
      many different presentations but also many different complex causes which
      consequently will need many different forms of treatment. A comparison of
      geographical differences is of immense value.

PMID- 168478
TI  - Counter immunoelectrophoresis in rapid diagnosis of pox virus infections.
AB  - The use of the counter immunoelectrophoresis technique enhanced the reaction
      between vaccinia virus and its antibody. By means of 0.7% and 1% solutions of
      agarose, sharp, clear lines of precipitation were obtained within 30 minutes at
      200 volts.

PMID- 168480
TI  - [Therapeutic procedure in chronic lymphadenosis (CLL)].

PMID- 168479
TI  - [Radiographic diagnosis of pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 168481
TI  - [Spectacillin-a new-developed multi-effective penicillin in treating chronic
      bronchoulmonary diseases author's transl].
AB  - 50 patients with a chronic disease of the bronchopulmonary system, within the
      therapy of an acute exacerbation received in addition to bronchosecretolytics,
      spasmolytic substances, and corticosterones the substance 'Spectacillin' in a
      dosage ranging from 2 to 6 grams per day during the period of 2 weeks. The acute
      exacerbation has been stopped in 34 patients and there-by the recurrence could be
      prevented. Although in 9 patients a clinical improvement has been obtained, no
      germ elimination could be ascertained; 7 cases of disease remained uninfluenced.
      The evalution is documentated by the clinical and laboratory findings, the germ
      analysis and the test of pulmonary functions. The compatibality can be evaluated
      as well-effective; especially the low rate of exanthema (2 patients) is to be
      emphasized.

PMID- 168482
TI  - A mammalian spot test: induction of genetic alterations in pigment cells of mouse
      embryos with x-rays and chemical mutagens.
AB  - Embroys heterozygous for five recessive coat-color genes from the cross C 57 BL/6
      J Han x T-stock were x-irradiated with 100/r o r treated in utero with 50 mg/3 kg
      methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), respectively.
      Controls consisted of irradiated embryos of C 57 BL x C 57 BL matings homozygous
      wild-type for the genes under study, and non-treated offspring of both types of
      mating. The colors of the spots were observed in the adult fur were either due to
      expression of the recessive coat genes or were white. I. Irradiated and mutagen
      treated offspring of C 57 BL x T-stock matings had almost exclusively nonwhite
      spots, distributed randomly over the mouse surface. 2. Irraidated offspring of C
      57 BL x C 57 BL matings had only white spots which were always midventral. 3. In
      non-treated offspring of both types of mating no spot could be observed. After
      correcting for white midventral spots observed in the one type of control, the
      frequency of expression of one or the other of the recessive color genes is
      calculated to be about 11% for embryos irradiated with 100r or 101/2 days
      postconception, about 1% for embryos irradiated with 100r at 9 days
      postconception, about &% for embryos treated with 50 mg MMS/kg at 101/2 days
      postconception, and about 8% for embryos treated with 50 mg EMS/2 days
      postconception. It is discussed that the white midventral spots are
      preferentially the result of pigment cell killing, while the nonwhite spots are
      preferentially the result of gene mutations or recombinational processes like
      mitotic crossing over and mitotic gene conversion. Of numerical and structural
      chromosome aberrations only those come into question which are able to pass the
      filter of several mitoses. Therefore, the test system described is supposted to
      cover not only heitable DNA-alterations, but the whole spectrum of them.

PMID- 168485
TI  - [Paradoxical response of adrenal glands to dexamethasone in a case of adrenal
      carcinoma].

PMID- 168484
TI  - Growth hormone deficiency in childhood. Evaluation of diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 168483
TI  - Some aspects of the mechanism of action of steroid hormones.
AB  - Events related to the very early steps of steroid hormone action are reviewed,
      after a brief expose of the methods used for the measurement and calculation of
      protein-steroid interactions. A list of steroid binding plasma proteins is given,
      and their physiological variations and possible role(s) are discussed. The
      mechanism of entry of steroids into target cells is then considered especially
      the possibility of a protein mediated step. The metabolism of steroid hormone in
      target cells and its physiological significance are discussed, especially with
      reference to androgens in prostate, levator ani muscle and hypothalamus. No
      receptor of steroid hormone has yet been discovered if defined as the last entity
      with which the active steroid interacts before action is initiated. However, in
      the target tissues of steroid hormones, specific proteins have been detected
      (termed receptors) with properties that are compatible with an essential if not
      an obligatory role in steroid action. The properties ascribed to the cytosol
      receptors of different steroid hormones in various tissues, their binding
      properties, and their quantitative variations are reported. The transformation or
      activation of receptor after binding of the hormone is related to its transfer to
      the nucleus. The question posed by the recent observations on Non Histone
      Chromatin estrogen binding protein and of the "insoluble" nuclear receptor are
      discussed. Finally, a series of experiments are reviewed, dealing more
      specifically with the increase of protein and RNA synthesis in tissues in which
      steroids and RNA synthesis in tissues in which steroids promote growth (i.e.
      estradiol in uterus). The concept of a cascade phenomenon is reported, including
      the early synthesis of KIP (Key Intermediary Protein(s)) which would responsible
      for the secondary amplification of the response. It is discussed in connection
      with the present (and insufficient) knowledge of receptors and transcription
      machinery.

PMID- 168486
TI  - Distribution of mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate and ultraviolet
      radiation in the Escherichia coli chromosome.

PMID- 168487
TI  - Aerosol polymyxin and pneumonia in seriously ill patients.
AB  - Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurs frequently in critically ill
      patients and is associated with a mortality rate of 70 per cent. An aerosol of
      polymyxin B was administered (2.5 mg per kilogram per day) to the upper airways
      of 292 patients in a respiratory-surgical intensive-care unit during a seven
      month period, in an attempt to prevent Ps. aeruginosa pneumonia. Although only
      one of the patients studied acquired pneumonia due to Ps. aeruginosa, 10 others
      acquired pneumonia caused by a polymysinx-resistant organism. Seven pneumonias
      were caused by organisms not frequently pathogenic to man (flavobacteria,
      serratia and Streptococcus faecalis). The mortality rate for acquired pneumonia
      in this study, 64 per cent, is greater than that in previous studies in which
      either no polymyxin or cyclic polymyxin therapy was used. Continuous use of
      polymyxin B aerosol appears to be a dangerous form of therapy.

PMID- 168488
TI  - Predominantly T-cell infiltrate in rheumatoid synovial membranes.
AB  - Lymphocytes infiltrating synovial membranes were characterized in eight patients
      with proliferative rheumatoid synovitis. Surface immunoglobulins were studied
      with use of immunofluorescence, and the C3 receptor was detected by adherence of
      red cells coated with antibody and complement - both are B-cell markers.
      Spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes was used as a T-cell
      marker. To obtain viable lymphocytes in suspension, the villous synovium of five
      of these patients was digested with collagenase and deoxyribonuclease.
      Populations enriched in lymphocytes could be obtained by velocity sedimentation.
      Whereas only 9 to 35 per cent of lymphocytes bore surface immunoglobulins, the
      majority (70 to 85 per cent) formed sheep-erythrocyte rosettes. Cells bearing the
      C3 receptor constituted a distinct minority of synovial lymphocytes in frozen
      tissue sections, and were found in follicle-like accumulations. These data
      indicate that the predominant infiltrating lymphocyte in proliferative rheumatoid
      synovitis is a T cell.

PMID- 168489
TI  - Platelet physiology and abnormalities of platelet function (first of two parts).

PMID- 168491
TI  - Letter: Possbile relation between herpes simplex and zoster.

PMID- 168490
TI  - Characterization of alpha1-antitrypsin in the inclusion bodies from the liver in
      alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.
AB  - alpha1-antitrypsin was isolated from periodic acid-Schiff-positive inclusion
      bodies from the hepatocytes of patients with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and
      further purified to enable more detailed chemical analysis. Amino acid and
      cyanogen bromide fragmentation studies showed a close similarity between hepatic
      and serum (PiMM) antitrypsin in contrast to the carbohydrate analysis, which
      revealed markedly deficient glycosylation of hepatic antitrypsin. A complete lack
      of sialic acid and a relative deficiency of all other carbohydrate components
      could fully explain the difference of approximately 6000 daltons in molecular
      size between the two proteins. The accumulation of hepatic globules is probably
      related to the physical properties of the defective antitrypsin, which include
      marked insolubility and tendency toward aggregation. The results strongly suggest
      an abnormal amino acid sequence in the peptide chain of the deficient
      antitrypsin. The interference with glycosylation may be related to steric
      hindrance.

PMID- 168492
TI  - Letter: Congenital malformations and embryonic neuropathy.

PMID- 168494
TI  - Letter: Interpersonal transmission of EB-virus infection.

PMID- 168493
TI  - Limitations of the electrocardiographic response to exercise in predicting
      coronary-artery disease.
AB  - The electrocardiographic response to exercise was compared with the results of
      coronary angiography in 89 patients with Type II hyperlipoproteinemia who had
      previous myocardial infarction or typical angina or both (43 patients)(Group A),
      "atypical angina" (16 patients)(Group B)or positive electrocardiographic response
      to exercise without other evidence of cardiac disease (30 patients)(Group C). 
      Thirty-nine of 43 in Group A had greater than or equal to 50 per cent stenosis,
      and 26 (67%) of these 39 had negative exercise tests. In Group B, five of the 16
      had greater than or equal to 50% stenosis, and three had positive exercise tests
      (one patient had a false-positive test).  In Group C, eleven of 30(37%) had
      greater than or equal to 50% stenosis; however, nine (30%) had minor stenosis
      (less than or equal to 50%), and 10(33%) normal coronary arteries. The diagnostic
      usefulness of exercise electrocardiography is limited.  False-negative responses
      are frequent in patients with clinically suspected coronary disease, and false
      positive responses frequent in asymptomatic patients.

PMID- 168496
TI  - Amplification of a specific region of the polyoma virus genome.

PMID- 168495
TI  - Differential effects of cyclic AMP on the in vitro induction of antibody
      synthesis.

PMID- 168497
TI  - Implications for theories of anaesthesia of antagonism between anaesthetic and
      non-anaesthetic steroids.

PMID- 168498
TI  - Increased spontaneous transmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminal by
      methylmercuric chloride.

PMID- 168499
TI  - Murine sarcoma virus pseudotypes acquire a determinant specifying N or B tropism
      from leukaemia virus during rescue.

PMID- 168500
TI  - Induction of erythroid leukaemia by Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses.

PMID- 168501
TI  - Mediation of serum-induced changes in cyclic nucleotide levels in cultured
      fibroblasts by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 168502
TI  - Concurrent inhibition by chlorpromazine of concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte
      aggregation and mitogenesis.

PMID- 168503
TI  - Presence of sequences hybridisable to dsRNA in cytoplasmic mRNA molecules.

PMID- 168505
TI  - [Electrical reaction of olfactory structure and the amygdaloid complex of the
      brain of dogs in a paradoxical stage of sleep].
AB  - Electrical activity of the olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle amygdala,
      hippocampus, hypothalamus and neocortex during physiological sleep was studied in
      chronic experiments in unanesthetized unrestrained dogs;A synchronous high
      frequency sinusoidal rhythm of 36-42 Hz was found in the amygdala and olfactory
      structures in the paradoxical phase of sleepmthis olfacto-amygdaloid rhythm,
      unlike that of aroused animals, was not the result of olfactory stimulation and
      persisted in dogs with trachael breathing; Its generation is probably of central
      origin; A comparison of the dynamics of this electrical activity with somatic,
      autonomic and teeg-correlates of sleep gives reasons to regard the olfacto
      amygdaloid rhythm of 36-42 Hz as a specific EEG-correlate of the paradoxical
      sleep stage in dogs

PMID- 168504
TI  - Stimulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate formation in guinea-pig cerebral
      cortical slices in a calcium free medium.
AB  - In guinea-pig cerebral cortical slices cyclic AMP concentrations increase during
      incubation with histamine+noradrenaline. After 10 min of incubation the levels of
      cyclic AMP start to decline. When calcium ions are omitted from the incubation
      medium, cyclic AMP levels do increase to a greater extent under the same
      conditions and do not drop during 30 min incubation. In the presence of calcium
      ions cyclic AMP synthesis can not be elicited by noradrenaline alone. In calcium
      free Krebs-Ringer solution a pronounced effect of noradrenaline on cyclic AMP
      levels is observed. This effect of noradrenaline is shown to be mediated by a
      classical alpha-type receptor. 5-Hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin E1 and dopamine
      do not significnatly enhance cyclic AMP formation in guinea-pig brain slices in
      either the presence in, or the absence of calcium ions from the incubation
      medium. Under depolarizing conditions of incubation the stimulatory effect of
      ouabain or 125 mM K+ is blocked in a calcium-free medium, while with the
      depolarizing agent veratridine no significant reduction of cyclic AMP formed
      during incubation in a calcium-free medium is obtained.

PMID- 168506
TI  - [Case of late infantile form of gangliosidosis G-M1].

PMID- 168507
TI  - Effects of biogenic amines on the concentration of adnosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      in bovine superior cervical ganglion.

PMID- 168508
TI  - The effects of amphetamine isomers on neuromuscular transmission.

PMID- 168509
TI  - Effects of ketamine on synaptic transmission in cat spinal cord.

PMID- 168510
TI  - Depression of transmission through the isolated superior cervical ganglion of the
      rat by physostigmine sulphate.

PMID- 168511
TI  - Imipramine-induced changes in the rapid eye movement sleep rebound and wet dog
      shakes of morphine-abstinent rats.

PMID- 168512
TI  - Pyrogen and prostaglandin fever in the rabbit-I: Effects of salicylate and the
      role of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 168513
TI  - A direct effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the duration of narcosis induced by
      sedative, hypnotic, tranquiliser and anaesthetic drugs in the rat.

PMID- 168515
TI  - The role of insulin in hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 168514
TI  - Giant axonal neuropathy. A clinical entity affecting the central as well as the
      peripheral nervous system.
AB  - An 8-year-old girl had progressive muscle weakness and a unique posture of the
      lower limbs, areflexia, distal sensory impairment, and remarkably kinky hair.
      Histologic examination of the sural nerve showed giant axons filled with
      neurofilamentous masses. The clinical and histologic findings resembled those of
      recent cases reported as "giant axonal neuropathy." Our patient's precocious
      puberty, Babinski's sign, and electroencephalographic abnormalities suggested
      central nervous system involvement. Two cases previously reported and the present
      one appear to represent a new clinical entity that affects the central and the
      peripheral nervous system.

PMID- 168516
TI  - Regulation of liver metabolism of pyridoxal phosphate.

PMID- 168517
TI  - Pulmonary embolism: fighting the silent killer.

PMID- 168518
TI  - Endocrine studies during stimulation-suppression in hirsutism.

PMID- 168519
TI  - Letter: Plasma steroids in hirsutism.

PMID- 168520
TI  - "Living cytology" in the diagnosis of intraabdominal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Cytologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma metastatic to the peritoneal surface is
      often hampered by the difficulty of differentiating between reactive mesothelial
      cells and macrophages from malignant epithelial cells by light microscopy. With
      in vitro tissue culture technics, the fibroblastic dedifferentiation of
      mesothelial cells facilitates the recognition of residual neoplastic epithelial
      cells. Ascitic fliid from 18 patients who ultimately had histologic documentation
      of intraabdominal adenocarcinomatosis was studied by tissue culture technics. In
      15 of the 18 patients, small islets of replicating tumor cells could be
      identified after the mesothelial cells had dedifferentiated into fibroblasts.
      With one exception the average time between collection of the specimen and
      recognition of adenocarcinoma was 6 days. In 14 cases, a definitive diagnosis of
      malignancy was made by cytologic analysis.

PMID- 168521
TI  - Cervical carcinogenesis with herpes simplex virus, type 2.
AB  - In the past few years there have been a number of reports correlating a high
      frequency of herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2) infection with lesions of the
      uterine cervix. These studies have used a clinical history of herpetic infection
      or the demonstration of herpetic antibodies in the cancer patients. The present
      study was performed to evaluate any possible carcinogenic activity of the
      formalin-inoculated herpes simplex virus type 2 in the reproductive tract of the
      female mouse. This approach to the study was selected because of previous
      experience with a model system of carcinogenesis of the cervix uteri using coal
      tar hydrocarbons. Cytologic and histologic preparations from experimental animals
      and controls are presented to demonstrate the mucosal alterations and tumors
      observed in the animals. Noninvasive lesions of the cervix were identified in
      76.8% and invasive adenocarcinoma detected in 30.2% of the mice.

PMID- 168522
TI  - Paget's disease of the vulva and carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Vulvar Paget's disease is an intraepithelial change which is locally recurrent
      and has minimal if any propensity to invasion. Its major significance lies in the
      frequency with which concomitant carcinomas are discovered in association with
      the vulvar skin lesion. Adenocarcinoma of the vulvar apocrine glands is the most
      commonly associated tumor. Another apocrine adenocarcinoma, carcinoma of the
      breast, either antecedent or concomitant, is the second most frequently
      associated tumor, having been noted in 14 cases of vulvar Paget's disease. A case
      report illustrating this association is presented, and the importance of
      preoperative breast screening procedures in all patients with vulvar Paget's
      disease is demonstrated.

PMID- 168523
TI  - Liver tumors in women on contraceptive steroids.
AB  - The possible association between oral contraceptives and benign liver tumors has
      recently been reported. To date the majority of cases have been diagnosed as
      benign hepatomas (liver cell adenomas). We have had the opportunity to study 13
      such cases. Eight have been examples of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver;
      however, in addition, there were examples of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cell
      adenoma, and possible liver cell hamartoma; all were in women on "the pill."
      Gynecologists are alerted to the fact that many of the patients present with
      symptoms of acute abdomen, syncope or shock, and intrahepatic or intraperitoneal
      bleeding. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may be lifesaving.

PMID- 168524
TI  - Viral replication in human ovarian cell culture.
AB  - A method is presented for the preparation and maintenance of human ovarian cell
      cultures. Sections of normal ovaries removed at surgery were minced, trypsinized,
      and seeded as cell cultures grown in minimal essential media at 37 C. Long-term,
      low-passage cultures were grown in quantities sufficient to permit viral studies.
      Ovarian cells, of passage 23, were challenged with 57 known viruses. Of these
      viruses, 52 (especially viruses of the picornavirus and adenovirus groups)
      produced typical cytopathic effects. The significance of these studies is
      discussed.

PMID- 168525
TI  - Referred pain.

PMID- 168526
TI  - Murine tumor induction by cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Cytomegalic inclusion disease can be induced in mice with relative ease. In the
      study reported here, grandular neoplasms were produced in four mice by means of
      immunosupression together with large doses of cytomegalovirus. The results of
      this study suggest that cytomegalovirus may well be an etiologic agent in the
      formation of salivary gland tumors.

PMID- 168527
TI  - Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. Report of a case.

PMID- 168528
TI  - Allopurinol-induced mandibular neuropathy. Abbreviated case report.

PMID- 168529
TI  - Peritonsillolith.
AB  - Peritonsillolith appears to be an unknown entity. Two cases of lithiasis in the
      peritonsillar region following spontaneous rupture of peritonsillar abscesses
      have been reported. The authors have speculated concerning the cause of stone
      formation in the peritonsillar region, which has been designated
      "peritonsillolith," on the basis of lithiasis in other regions of the body, such
      as gallbladder, kidneys, and salivary glands. Peritonsilloliths most likely form
      as a result of incomplete evacuation of pus, the dead bacteria and the pus cells
      providing the nidus for their formation. The salts of these stones are
      undoubtedly derived from the inflammatory exudates and saliva.

PMID- 168530
TI  - The central odontogenic fibroma. Clinical and morphologic studies.
AB  - The clinical, pathologic, and ultrastructural features and pertinent case history
      of an 11-year-old boy with a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm, the central
      odontogenic fibroma, are presented. A review of the literature reveals seven
      other lesions with clinical and pathologic findings similar to those of this
      case. This study supports the concept that the central odontogenic fibroma is a
      distinct odontogenic neoplasm of bone which occurs most commonly in the mandible
      as a multilocular, radiolucent, and slowly growing expansile lesion with no
      tendency to recur after surgical enucleation. The ultrastructural findings
      indicate that the central odontogenic fibroma and the odontogenic myxoma share
      many common morphologic features and have an apparently similar histogenesis.

PMID- 168531
TI  - Congenital granular-cell tumor of alveolar ridge and tongue. Report of two cases.
AB  - Granular-cell tumors in the oral cavity occur primarily on the tongue
      (myoblastoma) in adults and on the gum pads (congenital epulis) in infants.
      Because of the usual location and age, these histologically and histochemically
      similar tumors have been separate clinical entities. These case reports, however,
      report the concurrence of both clinical entities in the same patient. A 7-day-old
      female infant had a 1 cm. epulis on the right anterior maxilla and two 1.5 mm.
      masses on the anterior ventrum of the tongue. A 12-day-old girl had a 1 cm.
      epulis on the anterior mandible and two 1.5 mm. masses on the anterior tongue
      near the tip. In both cases, all lesions were histologically and histochemically
      similar and were granular-cell tumors. This suggests a relationship in the origin
      of these entities and tends to rule out an odontogenic origin for the epulis.

PMID- 168532
TI  - Shock synthesis of amino acids II.
AB  - The synthesis of amino acids behind shock waves in methane, ethane, ammonia, and
      water vapor was further investigated. Aldehydes and HCN are formed separately in
      the non-homogeneous gas during the high temperature period and recombine with
      ammonia during the thermal quench period, to form chi-amino nitriles. The chi
      amino nitriles are either hydrolyzed by excess water vapor during the quench
      period or emerge as such after the reaction is completed. A combined gas
      chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis of the reaction product showed identical
      amounts of D and L amino acids, thus confirming the absence of contaminants.
      Thunder shock waves were shown to be a suitable source of energy for the
      production of amino acids.

PMID- 168534
TI  - Macromolecules and the origin of life.
AB  - From our knowledge of present day organisms, it is hard to imagine a living
      assembly, even at its most primitive stage, without macromolecules. In order to
      look for the macromolecules which possibly participated in the assembly of the
      primitive organisms, the reaction and formation of polymers in HCN under
      irradiation of ultraviolet ray of 184.9 nm. was studied. As an example of a
      simple way of producing an assembly of macromolecules, the mechanism of
      coacrevation was studied by using gelatin as the material.

PMID- 168533
TI  - Quantum chemical study of the thermodynamics, kinetics of formation and bonding
      of H2CN: relevance to prebiotic chemistry.
AB  - Using the Iterative Extended Huckel Theory (IEHT), energy-conformation studies
      have been carried out for H2CN (I), trans-HCNH (IIA), and cis-HCNH (IIB), three
      possible isomers formed by addition of a hydrogen atom to hydrogen cyanide.
      Calculations show that the order of decreasing thermodynamic stability is I
      greater than IIA greater than IIB. Additionally, from calculated energies along
      simulated reaction pathways, the formation of I from HCN+H appears to be
      kinetically favored over IIA. Calculated properties of the minimum energy
      conformers of I and IIA are described and the potential role of H2CN (I) as a
      reactive intermediate in prebiotic organic synthesis and its possible relevance
      to interstellar organic chemistry are discussed.

PMID- 168535
TI  - The origin of proteins: Heteropolypeptides from hydrogen cyanide and water.
AB  - Evidence from laboratory and extraterrestrial chemistry is presented consistent
      with the hypothesis that the original heteropolypeptides on Earth were
      synthesized spontaneously from hydrogen cyanide and water without the intervening
      formation of chi-amino acids, a key step being the direct polymerization of
      atmospheric hydrogen cyanide to polyaminomalononitrile (IV) via dimeric HCN.
      Molecular orbital calculations (INDO) show that the most probable structure for
      (HCN)2 is azacyclopropenylidenimine. Successive reactions of hydrogen cyanide
      with the reactive nitrile side chains of IV then yield heteropolyamidines which
      are converted by water to heteropolypeptides. To study this postulated
      modification of a homopolymer to a heteropolymer, poly-chi-cyanoglycine (IX) was
      prepared from the N-carboxyanhydride of chi-cyanoglycine. Hydrolysis of IX, a
      polyamide analog of the polyamidine IV, yielded glycine. However, when IX was
      hydrolysed after being treated with hydrogen cyanide, other chi-amino acids were
      also obtained including alanine, serine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid,
      suggesting that the nitrile groups of IX (and therfore of IV) are indeed readily
      attacked by hydrogen cyanide as predicted. Further theoretical and experimental
      studies support the view that hydrogen cyanide polymerization along these lines
      is a universal process that accounts not only for the past formation of primitive
      proteins on Earth, but also for the yellow-brown-orange colors of Jupiter today
      and for the presence of water-soluble compounds hydrolyzable to chi-amino acids
      in materials obtained from environments as diverse as the moon, carbonaceous
      chondrites and the reaction chambers used to simulate organic synthesis in
      planetary atmospheres.

PMID- 168536
TI  - Prebiotic nucleotide synthesis-demonstration of a geologically plausible pathway.
AB  - Mineral phosphate (apatite) is activated for the synthesis of nucleotides when
      dilute solutions containing nucleoside and ammonium oxalate are evaporated in its
      presence. A natural, igneous fluorapatite was found to be even more effective in
      nucleotide synthesis than the more soluble hydroxylapatite. The phosphorylation
      is considerably more efficient if urea of cyanamide is also present. Hydrolysis
      of solutions of cyanogen to form oxalate and urea among other products is a
      spontaneous process that provides a geologically plausible model for necleotide
      synthesis on the primitive earth.

PMID- 168537
TI  - Models of prebiological phosphorylation.
AB  - The hypothesis that contemporary metabolic pathways envolved from analogous
      chemical reaction sequences on the primitive Earth leads to a reexamination of
      models of prebiological phosphorylation. Present-day phosphate uptake by algae
      and bacteria seems to involve two transport systems: (a) A n active transport
      process occurring at low external phosphate concentrations (as in umpolluted
      natural waters), with a transport constant Ks of 10(-7) to 10(-6) M Pi. (b)
      Another (probably diffusive) process at higher phosphate concentrations (greater
      than 10-6 M)(as in the interstitial water of reducing sediments). Laboratory
      model experiments are described for the reation of reducing sugars with
      orthophosphate in the presence of cyanogen, producing glycosyl phosphates. These
      reactions proceed with appreciable yields only at high phosphate concentrations
      (greater than 10-3 M), and may thus possibly serve as simulations of
      prebiological phosphorylation with diffusive transport, as it may have occurred
      in the intestial water of reducing sediments.

PMID- 168538
TI  - Evolution of photosystems of photosynthetic organisms.
AB  - It is generally accepted that two photosystems function successively in
      photosynthetic electron transport chain of plants and algae. The interaction of
      these photosystems results in the enhancement of photosynthesis. It was suggested
      that only one photosystem is present in purple bacteria, the most primitive
      photosynthetic organisms. The functioning of this photosystem is accompanied by
      absorption changes at 890 nm. Recently new spectral changes were found in
      Chramatium chromatophores under reductive conditions, more favorable for
      bacterial growth. Some of that spectral changes take place even at liquid
      nitrogen temperature. It is proposed these absorption changes could be related to
      other photosystem functioning in low potential region. Such a photosystem is
      necessary for reduction of NAD in Chromatium, for which the reverse electron
      transport to NAD was not shown. In contrast to photosystems of plants, the
      bacterial photosystems appear to function independently because the enhancement
      of bacterial photosynthesis is not found. Apparently the evolution of
      photosystems involved interaction between independent photosystmes, one of them
      functioning under more oxidative conditions.

PMID- 168539
TI  - Photochemical synthesis of simple organic free radicals on simulated planteary
      surfaces-an ESR study.
AB  - Electron spin resonance spectroscopy provided evidence for formation of hydroxyl
      radicals during ultraviolet photolysis (254 nm) at -170C of H2O adsorbed on
      silica gel or of silica gel alone. The carboxyl radical was observed when CO or
      CO2 or a mixture of CO and CO2 absorbed on silica gel at -170C was irradiated.
      The ESR signals of these radicals slowly disappeared when the irradiated samples
      were warmed to room temperature. However, re-irradiation of CO or CO2, or the
      mixture CO and CO2 on silica gel at room temperature then produced a new species,
      the carbon dioxide anion radical, which slowly decayed and which was identical
      with that produced by direct photolysis of formic acid adsorbed on silica gel.
      The primary photochemical process may involve formation of hydrogen and hydroxyl
      radicals by means of (1) photodissociation of H2O physically adsorbed on the
      silica gel, or (2) absorption of the excitation energy by the silica gel surface
      with subsequent cleavage of the silanol bonds, or (3) dissociation of H2O
      molecules throug photosensitization by the surfaces or a combination of (1) to
      (3). Subsequent reactions of these radicals with adsorbed CO or CO2 or both yield
      carboxyl radicals, CO2H, the precsursors of formic acid. Our results confirm the
      formation of formic acid under simulated Martian conditions and provide a
      mechanistic basis for gauging the potential importance of gas-solid
      photochemistry for chemical evolution on other extraterrestrial bodies, on the
      primitive earth and on dust grains in the interstellar medium.

PMID- 168540
TI  - High frequency discharge experiment. I: Formation of organic compounds from
      methane and ammonia.
AB  - Investigations of the synthesis of organic compounds from methane and ammonia
      were carried out by using high frequency discharges. The radical of CN was
      observed in the early phase of the discharge. Therefore it is considered that the
      CN radical contributes to the successive reaction steps. An important
      intermediate, a tetramer of hydrogen cyanide was observed to be formed at room
      temperature. The amounts of this compound progressively increased with time. It
      was speculated that the purines which were identified in the refluxed sample were
      synthesized through the above tetramer. Compounds which are thought to be
      heterocyclic (max:250-265nm) were initially formed in the sample trapped at
      liquid nitrogen temperature. After hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, Gly, Asp
      Ala, etc. were observed in the sample. Overall yield of organic compounds was
      estimates at 5-6% based on input carbon of methane.

PMID- 168541
TI  - Formation of prebiochemical compounds in models of the primitive earth's
      atmosphere. I: CH4  NH3 and CH4  N2 atmospheres.
AB  - In order to understand the formation of organic compounds in the primitive
      atmosphere, the first steps of evolution in models of the primitive atmosphere
      were investigated. Mixtures containing C-H-N elements were subjected to a low
      pressure silent electric discharge for several seconds, and the resulting
      effluents were analysed mainly by gas chromatography, infrared spectrometry and
      chemical analysis. The formation of hydrocarbon (i.e. ethylene, acetylene,
      methylacetylene) and of nitrogen containing compounds (i.e. hydrogen cyanide,
      cyanogen, saturated nitriles, acylonitrile, cyanoacetylene) is reported. The
      influence of the initial mixture composition on the amount of compounds formed
      was systematically studied. The nature of the nitrogen source (N2 or NH3) in the
      primitive atmosphere has a great influence on the amount and on the very nature
      of the synthesized products. It is shown that important precursors such as
      cyanogen and cyanoacetylene are formed only in very rich N2 mediums. These
      results show the important role played by the nature of the primitive atmosphere
      in the determination of the chemical evolution pathways.

PMID- 168542
TI  - Normal and abnormal energy metabolism of the inner ear.

PMID- 168544
TI  - [The effect of asbestos cement, UICC asbestos samples and quartz on the
      peritoneum of the mouse].
AB  - Aqueous suspensions of asbestos cement powder injected experimentally into the
      peritoneal cavity of mice act as a fibrogenic agent, as do chrysotile asbestos or
      chrysotile asbestos-containing soil samples. The fibrotic nodules caused by the
      dust resemble morphologically silicosis granulomas. In addition, asbestos cement
      has a characteristically strong cytotoxic effect during the first 2 weeks of the
      experiment. It is suggested that this is due to the chrysotile asbestos and/or
      the calcite component of the powder. Amosite and crocidolite, on the other hand,
      induce a diffuse peritoneal fibrosis with the appearance of numerous foreign body
      giant cells and asbestos bodies. Dust particles displaced to the regional lymph
      nodes are frequent in the animals treated with quartz, asbestos cement and
      asbestos-containing soil samples. A spindle cell type sarcoma arising from the
      visceral peritoneum is observed in animals injected with crocidolite or asbestos
      cement. In addition, dusts containing chrysotile asbestos induce considerable
      amyloidosis of the liver and spleen.

PMID- 168543
TI  - Hormonal control of glucose metabolism.
AB  - Glucose homeostasis is accomplished through two major hormones, glucagon and
      insulin. These hormones, of course, must work in concert with other permissive
      hormones such as glucocorticoids and catecholamines to bring about a multiplicity
      of physiological processes such as gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, lipolysis, and
      proteolysis that maintain the organism's biochemical integrity.

PMID- 168545
TI  - Influence of sex and sex hormones on transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma in
      the rat.
AB  - Palpable subcutaneous transplants of hepatocellular carcinoma-35 appeared
      slightly earlier in male animals; however, the number of successful growths was
      no greater than that in female animals. Castration and administration of
      testosterone or diethylstilbestrol were performed after the transplants reached
      1.0-1.5 cm in size. The carcinoma was less well differentiated histologically,
      had more bile pigment, grew rapidly, mestastasized sooner and killed the host
      quickly in castrated females given testosterone propionate. Bile was present in
      lung metastases. There was little difference in the growth rate in intact or
      castrated male or female animals. Exogenous diethylstilbestrol slowed the growth
      of the transplants and cause weight loss in castrated males. The weight loss was
      felt to be related to extensive necrosis of the carcinoma.

PMID- 168546
TI  - Rhinosporidium seeberi: spherules and their significance.
AB  - This study of the nature and functional significance of the spherules that
      develop in sporoblasts show them to participate in the germination of
      Rhinosporidium seeberi and are the precursors of the trophocytes.

PMID- 168547
TI  - Malakoplakia of the prostate: a morphological and biochemical study.
AB  - A case of malakoplakia of the prostate is presented. Electron microscopic
      appearances support the origin of the Michaelis-Gutmann bodies from
      phagolysosomes in the histiocytes characteristic of the lesion. Biochemical
      analysis revealed the presence of muramic acid in the prostate with malakoplakia.
      This amino sugar is characteristic of bacterial cell walls and despite the
      absence of demonstrable bacteria in the affected tissues indicates the
      involvement of bacteria in the disease process.

PMID- 168548
TI  - [Primary multiple tumors in animals].

PMID- 168549
TI  - [Histochemical studies of rat kidney in acute poisoning with phenylmercuric
      acetate].

PMID- 168550
TI  - [Special form of adenoma microcysticum cylindromatosum glandulae Bartholini].

PMID- 168551
TI  - The natural history of the Silver-Russell syndrome: a longitudinal study of
      thirty-nine cases.
AB  - The growth of 39 children with Silver-Russell syndrome has been followed for 1-13
      years. Pregnancy and labor were normal; none of the 61 sibs had the syndrome.
      Height at referral (mean age 4.6 years) averaged 3.6 SD below the mean and
      remained at this level during subsequent growth. Bone age averaged 69 percent of
      normal at referral but caught up by puberty, which occurred at the normal time.
      Nineteen cases were treated with human growth hormone without lasting effect.
      There is no clear-cut distinction between the Silver and Russell syndromes; the
      name should be Silver-Russell. It is likely that some 10 percent of cases have
      birth weights in the minus 1.5 to minus 2.0 SD range.

PMID- 168553
TI  - [Bone metastasis with osteomalacia in cancer of the prostate. 2 cases].

PMID- 168554
TI  - [Biological examination in hyperlipemia].
AB  - The authors review the various methods of investigation useful in the
      classification of hyperlipoproteinaemias. Estimation of cholesterol and
      triglycerides remain the most important elements but do not suffice alone to
      reach a conclusion and measurement of phospholipids would seem to be a useful
      addition. Electrophoresis on agar, isolating a larger quantity of
      prebetalipoproteins, does not always facilitate classification. Finally,
      ultracentrifugation is often necessary in those forms which are difficult to
      classify, these representing almost 20 p.cent of patients.

PMID- 168552
TI  - The action of neurotransmitter hormones and analogues and cyclic nucleotides and
      theophylline on electrolyte transport by the excretory duct of the rabbit
      mandibular gland.
AB  - The effects of autonomic drugs on electrolyte transport by the main duct of the
      rabbit mandibular gland were studied in vitro. Acetylcholine, in concentrations
      as low as 10(-10) M, reduced nett Na+ reabsorption and partially depolarized the
      transepithelial potential difference (P.D.); the effects were blocked by
      atropine. Acetylcholine was relatively ineffective applied from the luminal
      rather than the interstitial surface of the duct. Noradrenaline and isoproterenol
      produced similar effects to acetylcholine but the minimum effective
      concentrations were much higher (10(-7) M and 10(-3) M, respectively). It was
      concluded that the duct cells possessed specific muscarinic receptors on the
      basal cell membrane but that adrenergic receptors, particularly beta receptors,
      were either scanty or lacking altogether. Theophylline (10(-5) M) could mimic the
      effects of the autonomic drugs and produced a dramatic potentiation of the action
      of acetylcholine. Both cAMP and cGMP (4 times 10(-5) M) mimicked the
      acetylcholine response but cAMP was only effective when applied to the luminal
      cell membrane. It is proposed that cAMP is the intracellular mediator of the
      acetylcholine response and that it produces some of its effects by acting on an
      enzyme system close to the apical cell membrane.

PMID- 168555
TI  - [Letter: Vaccinal poliovirus in 2 cases of diffuse intersititial pneumonia].

PMID- 168556
TI  - [Letter: A pathology for Merkel's cell? Woringer's and Kolopp's reticulosis].

PMID- 168557
TI  - Catalytic oxidation of two ribonucleosides in the 5'-position.
AB  - Guanosine and 7-beta-D-ribofuranosyltheophylline was oxidized to the
      corresponding nucleoside 5'-carboxylic acids by molecular oxygen and a platinum
      catalyst.

PMID- 168559
TI  - Non-random frequencies of short oligonucleotide sequences within poliomyelitis
      and encephalomyocarditis virus RNAs.
AB  - In poliomyelitis and encephalomyocarditis virus RNAs the relative frequencies of
      several short oligonucleotide sequences differ substantially from those expected
      on a random basis. The frequencies of CpGp-containing sequences are low, and the
      frequency of GpUpApGp is considerably lower than that of GpApUpGp. The
      relationship of these findings to those obtained from host cell RNAs is
      descussed.

PMID- 168558
TI  - The 5' end group of tobacco mosaic virus RNA is m7G5' ppp5' Gp.
AB  - RNA extracted from CsC1-purified virions of tobacco mosaic virus is shown to give
      rise to an unusual nucleotide on digestion which RNAase T2, in addition to the
      four major nucleotides. This minor component has the electrophoretic
      characteristics of a phosphorylated end group, but is partially resistant to
      bacterial alkaline phosphatase. It is, however, a substrate for venom
      phosphodiesterase or nucleotide pyrophosphatase, yielding products which imply
      the structure m7G5'ppp5'Gp. TMV RNA, like many animal cellular and viral mRNAs
      recently examined, therefore has a 5' terminus blocked by a methylated nucleotide
      inverted with respect to the rest of the chain.

PMID- 168560
TI  - [Stimulation tests in the diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency].

PMID- 168561
TI  - Metabolism of some ethylenediamine derivatives with antiarrhythmic properties. I.
      Absorption, distribution in tissues and excretion of 14-C labelled N, N'-bis-[3
      (p-methoxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]-ethylenediamine dimethanesulphonate (MK-142)
      in rats.
AB  - 14-C labelled MK-142 (specific activity 2.875 muCi/mg) (1.762 mCi/mM) passes very
      rapidly from the blood stream to the majority of tissues since 5 min after the iv
      administration the blood contained only about 5% of the administered dose. The
      relatively high content of MK-142 in the myocardium as compared with its content
      in the skeletal muscles indicates a high affinity of the examined substance to
      the heart muscle. MK-142 is excreted via kidneys, alimentary tract and
      respiratory ways.

PMID- 168562
TI  - Pharmacological studies on 2- and 4-pyridylethylamides of acetyltropic acid (PAT
      2 and PAT-4).
AB  - Two new compounds: 2- and 4-pyridylmethylamides of acetyltropic acid (PAT 2 and
      PAT-4) show spasmolytic effects on isolated guinea pig ileum, have mydriatic
      actevity in rabbits and block restraint produced ulceration in rats. PAT-4 causes
      a strong inhibition of the salivary secretion in mice. Both of the test compounds
      inhibit also the effects of ACh and vagus stimulation on the blood pressure and
      have local anaesthetic activity. PAT-4 inhibits the aggressive behaviour in mice
      and rats, prolongs the hexobarbital sleeping time, increases the pain treshold
      and inhibits the oxotremorine induced tremor in mice. Both PAT-2 and PAT-4 had no
      effect on the convulsant action of pentetrazole. EEG findings show that central
      cholinolytic activity is present in both compound tested.

PMID- 168563
TI  - Effect of selected environmental treatments on the incidence of gross Marek's
      disease lesions in chickens.
AB  - The effects of selected environmental treatments on the incidence of gross
      Marek's disease (MD) lesions in chickens contact exposed to MD virus were
      examined. Treatments were high levels of airborne decomposition products from
      chicken litter in the rearing environment, disinfectants applied to chickens and
      their environments, and formaldehyde fumigation of eggs and newly hatched chicks.
      There were no significant differences in the incidence of gross MD lesions when
      treated and untreated groups were compared.

PMID- 168564
TI  - Serological responses of broiler-type chickens, with and without Newcastle
      disease and infectious Bronchitis vaccine, to experimental infection with
      Mycoplasma synoviae by foot pad, air sac and aerosol.
AB  - Serum plate (SP) and tube agglutination (TA) reactions and geometric mean
      Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms.) hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers were determined
      on chickens infected at 21 days of age with Ms. by foot pad, air sac and aerosol.
      One-half had been given Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB)
      vaccine in the water at 20 days of age, and the other half had not been
      vaccinated with ND and IB vaccine. Blood was taken at 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after
      Ms. infection. Geometric mean HI titers were determined on serums of chickens
      that had a foot pad injection of Ms. 8 weeks after Ms. infection and were bled at
      1, 3 and 5 weeks after foot pad booster. Three weeks after aerosol exposure with
      Ms., the geometric mean HI titer was significantly higher in the ND- and IB
      vaccinated birds than in the nonvaccinated birds. In the Ms. air sac-infected
      group of nonvaccinated birds the geometric mean HI titer had increased
      significantly 3 weeks after food pad challenge with Ms. In the Ms. air sac
      infected group of vaccinated birds, the geometric mean HI titer had significantly
      increased 3 and 5 weeks after foot pad challenge with Ms.

PMID- 168565
TI  - Activity of liver fructose diphosphatase from chick embryos treated with
      aminoguanidine sulfate.
AB  - Injection of chick embryos with aminoguanidine sulfate (AGS) on the fourth day of
      incubation resulted in a decreased specific activity of liver fructose
      diphosphatase (FDPase) prior to hatch time. This decreased FDPase specific
      activity was found to be the consequence of increased levels of an enzyme
      inhibitor (adenosin 5'-monophosphate) rather than a specific repression of enzyme
      synthesis.

PMID- 168566
TI  - Molecular sizes of egg yolk very low density lipoproteins fractionated by
      ultracentrifugation.
AB  - Egg yolk very low density lipoproteins isolated from normal eggs were separated
      into six fractions by preparative ultracentrifugation. The sizes of the molecules
      in three of the fractions were estimated by gel chromatography and by electron
      microscopy of the lipoproteins using a negative staining technique. The three
      fractions had average diameters of 39 nm., 32 n., and 25 nm. and average
      molecular weights of 17 X 10(6), 10 X 10(6), and 5 X 10(6). There was
      considerable overlap of size of molecules in the three fractions. Size
      differences were not observed in the ultracentrifuge separated fractions of very
      low density lipoproteins isolated from eggs laid by hens receiving crude
      cottonseed oil in their diets. However, the fatty acids from these fractions
      differed in stearic and oleic acid contents while those from the normal egg
      lipoproteins did not. The floating very low density lipoproteins contained more
      oleic acid and less stearic acid then the sedimenting ones did.

PMID- 168567
TI  - Reduction of aflatoxin effects of quail.
AB  - A natural occuring outbreak of aflatoxicosis was observed in Bobwhite quail
      chicks while on a brooding experiment. A slight reduction in effects was noted
      for birds which received Tylan in the water from 0-3 days and Terramycin from 0
      35 days of age. No symptoms of aflatoxicosis were observed in birds which
      received a product (FloxAid) containing two antibiotics and eight vitamins from 0
      14 days. It is postulated that the primary mode of protection was via the water
      soluble vitamin D content of the product with possibly some protection from
      vitamins A, E and K.

PMID- 168568
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical case].

PMID- 168569
TI  - Isolation and characterization of collagen-synthesizing polysomes from chick
      embryos.
AB  - Collagen-synthesizing polysomes were isolated by low-speed centrifugation of the
      post-mitochondrial supernatant of chick homogenates. Electron microscopy of the
      fraction thus isolated shows it to be exclusively composed of ribosomes. Amino
      acid incorporation in vitro showed that these particles were efficient in the
      incorporation of proline, but not tryptophan, as opposed to ribosomes obtained
      from the supernatant of the low-speed centrifugation. The incorporation process
      was highly dependent on GTP, and exibited an optimal Mg2+concentration of 5.6mM.
      The reaction was inhibited by RNase, elongation inhibitors as anysomycin,
      sparsomycin, fusidic acid and GDPCP. It was also moderately inhibited by
      initiation inhibitors such as aurintricarboxilic acid and pyrocatechol violet.
      The product of the incorporation was characterized as collagen by its sensitivity
      towards purified collagenase, lack of tryptophan, chromatography in CM-cellulose
      and molecular sieve chromatography in Sephadex G-200.

PMID- 168570
TI  - Regulation of sensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation in induction of pineal N
      acetyltransferase.
AB  - Stimulation by isoproterenol causes large increases in the activity of rat pineal
      N-acetyltransferase (arylamine acetyltransferase or acetyl-CoA:arylamine N
      acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.5) after a variable lag period. Lengthening periods
      of exposure to light cause rapid increases in the sensitivity of pineal N
      acetyltransferase to induction by isoproterenol. This supersensitivity, which
      develops gradually over a 12 hr period, is correlated with increasingly longer
      lag periods in the induction of the enzyme, and with progressively greater
      maximal response. Repeated administration of isoproterenol to supersensitive
      animals rapidly reverses the above changes and causes relative subsensitivity.
      The sensitivity of N-acetyltransferase to induction by dibutyryl-cyclic tamp
      added to pineals in organ culture was found to change in parallel with the
      sensitivity to isoproterenol. Stimulation of cyclic AMP levels in the pineal by
      isoproterenol was also greater in supersensitive rats than in the subsensitive
      animals, whether the supersensitivity had been caused by denervation or by
      exposure to light for 12 hr. The above experiments suggest that there are two
      sites for the regulation of the sensitivity of N-acetyltransferase to induction
      by catecholamines. The first site regulates the capacity of intracellular
      processes (i.e., induction of tn-acetyltransferase) to respond to cyclic AMP as a
      second messenger.

PMID- 168571
TI  - Reversible dissociation of a carbamoyl phosphate synthase-aspartate
      transcarbamoylase-dihydroorotase complex from ovarian eggs of Rana catesbeiana:
      effect of uridine triphosphate and other modifiers.
AB  - Glutamine-dependent carbanoyl phosphate synthase [ATP6carbamate
      phosphotransgerase (dephosphorylating), EC 2.7.2.9], aspartate transcarbamoylase
      (carbamoylphosphate: L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) and
      dihydroorotase (L-5,6-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.2.3), are copurified
      as a high-molicular-weight complex from extracts of unfertilized eggs of Rana
      catesbeiana. UTP is required to maintain the integrity of the complex during the
      last two purification steps. Removal of the nucleotide results in dissociation of
      the complex. Based on sedimentation behavior in glycerol gradients, the
      dissociated carbamoyl phosphate synthase has an apparent molecular weight of
      260,000 +/- 20,000 and that of dihydroorotase is estimated at 280,000 +/- 20,000.
      Aspartate transcarbamoylase is broadly distributed over the gradient. The
      addition of ATP, 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, Mg++, or inorganic phosphate
      to the dossociated complex results in the appearance of a peak of aspartate
      transcarbamoylase activity with an apparent molecular weight of 110,000 +/-
      10,000. Icubation of a mixture of the dissociated enzymes with UTP and Mg++ leads
      to their reassociation into the high-molecular-weight complex.

PMID- 168572
TI  - Motion of subfragment-1 in myosin and its supramolecular complexes: saturation
      transfer electron paramagnetic resonance.
AB  - Molecular dynamics in spin-labeled muscle proteins was studied with a recently
      developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, saturation transfer
      spectroscopy, which is uniquely sensitive to rotational motion in the range of
      10(-7)-10(-3) sec. Rotational correlation time (tau2) were determined for a spin
      label analog of iodoacetamide bound to the subfragment-1 (S-1) region of myosin
      under a variety of conditions likely to shed light on the molecular mechanism of
      muscle contraction. Results show that (a) the spin labels are rigidly bound to
      the isolated S-1 (tau2 = 2 x 10(-7) sec) and can be used to estimate values of
      tau2 for the S-1 region of the myosin molecule; (b) in solutions of intact
      myosin, S-1 has considerable mobility relative to the rest of the myosin
      molecule, the value of tau2 for the S-1 segment of myosin being less than twice
      that for isolated S-1, while the molecular weights differ by a factor of 4 to 5;
      (c) in myosin filaments, tau2 increases by a factor of only about 10, suggesting
      motion of the S-1 regions independent of the backbone of the myosin filament, but
      slower than that in a single molecule; (d) addition of F-actin to solutions of
      myosin or S-1 increases tau2 by a factor of nearly 10(3), indicating strong
      immobilization of S-1 upon binding to actin. Saturation transfer spectroscopy
      promises to provide an extremely useful tool for the study of the motions of the
      crossbridges and thin filaments in reconstituted systems and in glycerinated
      muscle fibers.

PMID- 168573
TI  - Inhibition by interferon of delayed-type hypersensitivity in the mouse.
AB  - The effect of interferon on delayed-type by persensitivity to picryl chloride and
      sheep erythrocytes was examined in the mouse. When administered to sensitized
      animals on the day before or the day of challenge, tissue culture interferon
      inhibited both the ear swelling induced by pieryl chloride and footpad swelling
      induced by sheep erythrocytes. Newcastle disease virus, when injected into
      sensitized If-1l or If-1h congenic mice a few hours before challenge, caused an
      inhibition of delayed-type hypersensitivity which could be related to the amount
      of serum interferon induced by the virus. These results indicate that interferon
      production may represent one of the factors responsible for the depression of
      cell-mediated immune reactions during virus infection.

PMID- 168574
TI  - Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA: strain differences and heterogeneity in the
      locations of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites.
AB  - Digestion of herpes simplex virus DNA by the HinIII or Eco RI restriction
      endonucleases yielded 11 to 15 fragments with molecular weights between 1 x 10(6)
      and 28 x10(6). The electrophoretic profiles obtained in 0.3% agarose gels with
      DNA fragments from none different strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 could be
      readily differentiated from the patterns exhibited by the corresponding fragments
      from four separate strains of type 2 virus; however, with each serotype, the
      laboratory strains differed significantly among themselves and also from isolates
      passaged a minimum number of times outside the human host. Digestion of all DNAs
      of herpes simples virus with either enzyme reproducibly generated two classes of
      fragments (major and minor) which differed in molar ocncentration. Moreover,
      although the molecular weight of an intact herpes simplex 1(F1) DNA molecule is
      approximately 98 x 10(6), the summed molecular weights of all major and minor
      HinIII fragments totalled 160 x 10(6), and the seven major fragments alone
      accounted for only 60 x 10(6). These unusual features indicate the existence of
      limited heterogeneity in the positions of cleavage sitet along individual
      molecules. We have eliminated the possibility that minor fragments arose from
      contamination with the defective DNA of high byoyant density which appears on
      serial undiluted passage of the virus. In fact, this latter type of DNA was
      resistant to cleavage by HinIII and gave large amounts of only two species of
      EcoRI fragments; suggesting that the defective molecules consist of many tandem
      repeats of a small segment of viral DNA. The heterogeneity in the viral DNA of
      normal density appears to be related to the structural organization of the
      molecules and does not necessarily imply differences in genetic content.

PMID- 168575
TI  - Action of feedback regulator on adenylate cyclase.
AB  - A factor [the feedback regulator (FR)] formed by adipocytes after the stimulation
      of a cAMP raising hormone has been found to be a potent inhibitor of membrane
      bound adenylate cyclase [EC 4.6.1.1.; ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing)]. In a
      standard assay system using rat adipocyte plasma membrane as the source of
      adenylate cyclase, the FR inhibited adenylate cyclase by lowering the Vmax
      without affecting the apparent Km for ATP (0.3-0.6 mM). The apparent Ka for
      epinephrine (5-6 muM) was also not affected by FR. The inhibitory action of FR
      was partially countered by Mg2+ ions. An increase in phosphorylation of plasma
      membrane was observed when FR was present in the incubation system. The
      concentration required for a 50% inhibition was four times higher when adenosine
      5-(beta,gamma-imino) triphosphate [AMP-P(NH)P] replaced ATP as the substrate for
      adenylate cyclase, implying that adenylate cyclase was inactivated by
      phosphorylation caused by FR. Increase in FR inhibition obtained by adding low
      concentrations of adenosine 5-(alpha,beta-methylene) triphosphate or ATP to AMP
      (NH)P as the substrate supports this view. The inhibitory action was reversible.
      These results are consistent with the previously reported phenomena that (1) the
      undue to the formation of FR, and (2) the recovery of responsiveness of the
      stimulated cells by washing the cells with regular buffer medium is a result of
      the removal of FR. The hormone-initiated biphasic curve of cAMP levels in
      adipocytes is believed to be due to the negative feedback action of FR on
      adenylate cyclase. The mechanism of action of FR on inhibition of adenylate
      cyclase appears to be related to the phosphorylation of certain membrane
      components.

PMID- 168576
TI  - Nuclear receptors for thyroid hormone: evidence for nonrandom distribution within
      chromatin.
AB  - Chromatin receptor proteins appear to mediate some actions of thyroid hormone. In
      this study, sheared mammalian chromatin containing [125I]triiodothyronine (T3)
      bound by these receptors was separated using sucrose gradient velocity
      sedimentation. T3-receptor complexes were distributed throughout the chromatin
      fractions, but were enriched in the slowly sedimenting fractions. The latter
      contain most of the template capacity for RNA synthesis and most of the
      endogenous RNA polymerase activity but a minor portion of the total DNA.
      Formaldehyde treatment of chromatin containing receptor-bound [125 I ]T3 resulted
      in fixation of radioactivity, as evidenced by its migration with chromatin after
      equilibrium density gradient sedimentation in both cesium chloride and Conray.
      This fixation implies that the T3 receptor protein is closely associated with
      chromatin. These results suggest that proteins involved in the regulation of gene
      function may be nonrandomly distributed within chromatin subfractions, and are
      consistent with a direct role for thyroid hormone in regulating genetic
      expression.

PMID- 168577
TI  - Structural changes inducted by follicle-stimulating hormone or dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP on presumptive Sertoli cells in culture.
AB  - Cells isolated from testes of 20-day-old rats, maintained in primary culture in a
      defined medium, are shown to respond to follicle-stimulating hormone or 3:5
      cyclic AMP with characteristic morphological changes. No response is observed in
      cells treated with luteinizing hormone or 5-?AMP. The cells form a mono-layer,
      and have been identified as presumptive Sertoli cells structurally by
      identification of unique tight junctions in electron micrographs of the
      preparations, along with other ultrastructural properties characteristic of
      Sertoli cells in situ. These cells do not undergo mitosis. The presumptive
      Sertoli cells are shown to be morphologically and functionally different from
      peritubular fibroblasts grown in parallel cultures. Fibroblasts have high rates
      of mitosis, do not respond to follicle-stimulating hormone, and frequently form
      multilayers. Other information on the biochemical responses of the cells is
      cited, which supports the conclusion that the cultured cell preparations consist
      primarily of Sertoli cells.

PMID- 168578
TI  - Folding of the DNA double helix in chromatin-like structures from simian virus
      40.
AB  - Relaxed circular, covalently closed simian virus 40 DNA molecules were associated
      with the four histones that are present in virions. In electron micrographs the
      resulting complexes appear twisted, with globular structures (nucleosomes) along
      the DNA. Incubation with an untwisting extract converts the twisted complexes to
      relaxed structures. Extraction of the DNA from the relaxed complexes yields
      supercoiled molecules. The number of superhelical turns in these molecules
      corresponds to the number of nucleosomes per DNA molecule in the complexes.

PMID- 168579
TI  - Interrelationship between poly (ADP-Rib) synthesis, intracellular NAD levels, and
      muscle or cartilage differentiation from mesodermal cells of embryonic chick
      limb.
AB  - Mesodermal cells of embryonic chick limbs have the capacity to differentiate into
      either muscle or cartilage. Previous reports from this laboratory show a
      correlation between pyridine nucleotide levels and this differentiation, and thus
      suggest that fluctuations in the cellular NAD levels play a role in the control
      of muscle versus cartilage development. Poly(ADP-Rib) is chromatin-associated and
      forms from the polymerization of NAD with the excision of nicotinamide. The
      studies reported here show that: (A) the rate of net synthesis of poly(ADP-Rib)
      is correlated with the differentiation of chondrogenic cells from stage 24 limb
      mesodermal cells grown in vitro; (B) inhibition of chondrogenic expression caused
      by exposure to nicotinamide or BrdUrd is correlated with maintenance of basal
      levels of poly(ADP-Rib) synthesis, and this inhibition is dependent on the
      concentration of nicotinamide or BrdUrd exogenously supplied; (C) potentiation of
      chondrogenic expression caused by exposure of limb mesodermal cells in vitro to 3
      acetylpyridine is correlated with stimulation of the rate of poly(ADP-Rib)
      synthesis if corrected for the specific activity of the ATP pool or compared to
      untreated cultures on a per cell basis; (D) isolated chromatin from mesodermal
      cells has the enzymatic machinery for synthesizing poly(ADP-Rib); (E) this
      machinery is inhibited by nicotinamide, thymidine, and 3-acetylpyridine; and (F)
      newly synthesized poly(ADP-Rib) is either associated with a discrete fraction of
      chromatin or is completely extracted from chromatin by the high column salts,
      which result in an aggregation with eventual elution at the exclusion volume
      position of the agarose column. Taken together, these observations provide a
      possible explanation for how fluctuations in cellular NAD levels can communicate
      with or be "sensed" by genomic related machinery and eventually result in
      differtial phenotypic expression.

PMID- 168580
TI  - Somatic hybrid of thymus leukemia (.
AB  - A somatic hybrid of ASL-1 leukemia cells [H-2a, thymus leukemia (TL)1,2,3, Thy
      1b] and LM(TK)-cells [H-2-k, TL(-), Thy-1 (-), thymidine kinase deficient] was
      formed with the aid of inactivated Sendai virus. The selection of hybrid cell
      clones was facilitated by the inability of ASL-1 cells to grow in vitro and of
      LM(TK)-cells to survive in hypoxanthine/amethopterin/thymidine medium. The H-2
      antigens of both parental cells were formed in approximately equivalent amounts
      by the hybrid cells, and they possessed a hybrid karyotype. As determined by five
      independent experimental procedures (antibody and complement-mediated
      cytotoxicity tests, the reduction of specific antibody activity of antiserum of
      known titer, immunofluorescent tests, mixed hemagglutination tests, and their
      direct isolation), TL antigens but not Thy-1 antigens were formed by the hybrid
      cells. TL antigens of the hybrids failed to undergo modulation under conditions
      leading to the modulation of TL antigens of parental ASL-1 cells. Modulation was
      attempted with TL 1,3, TL 2, or TL 1,2,3 antisera of high titer. thybrid cells
      were incubated for up to 30 hr in medium with TL antisera. Both direct and
      indirect immune methods were attempted. These results indicate that cellular
      mechanisms controlling the expression of TL antigens may be distinguished from
      the capacity of the cells to undergo modulation.

PMID- 168581
TI  - Genetic control of endogenous C-type virus production in pancreatic acinar cells
      of C57BL/He and C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - Electron microscopy revealed very active production of C-type virus particles in
      the pancreatic acinar cells of untreated normal adult mice of the C57BL/He
      strain. In C57BL/6J mice, a similar picture was observed after a single
      intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone. No viruses were observed in the
      pancreas of untreated or dexamethasone-treated BALB/c and C3Hf mice. F1 hybrids
      of both C57BL strains with C3Hf mice produced viruses in the same manner and
      quantity as the C57BL parents, whereas hybrids with BALB/c mice were entirely
      negative. Approximately 50% of mice of the first backcross generation of (BALB/c
      times C57BL/He)F1 hybrids with C57BL/He mice were active producers of C-type
      particles, while the other 50% were negative. It is suggested that a regulator
      gene that controls C-type virus production does not function in the pancreatic
      cells of either C57BL strain, and that BALB/c mice can provide hybrids with an
      active regulator.

PMID- 168582
TI  - Simian virus 40 DNA directs synthesis of authentic viral polypeptides in a linked
      transcription-translation cell-free system.
AB  - A linked cell-free system has been developed which is capable of transcribing and
      translating mamalian viral DNA, and its characteristics and requirements are
      outlined. In this system, simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA Form I (supercoiled)
      directed the synthesis of discrete polypeptides up to 85,000 daltons in size. One
      of these products was indistingusihable from authentic major virus capsid protein
      VPI, as judged by mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels,
      antibody predipitation, and peptide analyses. The cell-free products larger than
      VPI comprised a number of polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 50,000 to
      85,000. These polypeptides demonstrated no immunological relationship whatsoever
      to the structural protein VPI. However, two of these products, along with one of
      approximately 25,000 dlatons, were precipitated with antiserum to SV40 tumor
      antigen. Linear SV40 DNA generated by the cleavage of Form I DNA with the 
      restriction endonuclease EcoR1 was an efficient template in this system and also
      directed the synthesis of a polypeptide migrating with VPI on polyacrylamide
      gels. The potential of this system for defining a functional map of a DNA genome
      is discussed.

PMID- 168583
TI  - Biochemically differentiated mouse glial lines carrying a nervous system specific
      cell surface antigen (NS-1).
AB  - Six biochemically differentiated clonal lines have been established from a
      transplantable glioma (tg26) of the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain. Antibodies have
      been previously raised against G26 tumor cells, which define a cell surface
      component(s), NS-1 (nervous system antigen-1), found exclusively in the nervous
      system. NS-1 concentrations approximate the levels of the original G26 tumor when
      the clonal lines are grown as clonal tumors in vivo, but are reduced when the
      cells are grown in vitro. NS-1 concentrations are further reduced in vitro upon
      incubation of the cells with 1 mM dibutyryl 3:5-cyclic AMP. H-2
      histocompatibility antigen concentration, in contrast, is unaffected by dibutyryl
      cAMP. In addition to expressing NS-1, the neuroectodermal origin of these cell
      lines is further confirmed by their synthesis of the nervous system specific
      acidic protein S-100 and by the high specific activity of the enzyme 2:3-cyclic
      nucleotide 3-phosphohydrolase. In addition, they respond to catecholamines by the
      elevation of intracellular 3:5-cyclic AMP levels. Whereas expression of S-100
      protein is high under in vitro conditions but negligible after one passage in
      vivo, 2:3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphohydrolase is not detectable in vitro but
      becomes detectable again in vivo. The two membrane-bound constituents, NS-1 and
      2:3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphohydrolase, therefore seem to be subjected to
      different regulatory mechanisms from that of the soluble, intracellular S-100
      protein.

PMID- 168584
TI  - In vitro transformation of lymphoid cells by Abelson murine leukemia virus.
AB  - Cell cultures prepared from fetal murine liver were infected by Abelson murine
      leukemia virus. After about 2 weeks, proliferating cells of lymphoid morphology
      appeared in some of the cultures. Addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to the initial
      culture medium greatly enhanced the appearance of the lymphoid cells.
      Immunoglobulin determinants were evident on the cells in some cultures.
      Continuous passage of the cells in certain cultures was possible and the passaged
      cells could form tumors after animal inoculation. Because Abelson murine leukemia
      virus is able to induce in vitro malignant transformation of lymphoid cells, it
      probably causes leukemia by directly affecting cellular growth control.

PMID- 168585
TI  - Interaction of partially purified simian virus 40 T antigen with circular viral
      DNA molecules.
AB  - Mixing chromatographic fractions containing simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen with
      SV40 [3H]-DNA I (double-stranded, circular, supercoiled) results in the
      conversion of the nucleic acid to a form that will bind to a nitrocellulose
      filter. Unlabeled SV40 DNA I successfully competes with this reaction. Under the
      conditions employed, the antigen-containing fractions bind a variety of circular,
      viral DNA molecules. Chromatography of the antigen in three systems reveals that
      the T immunoreactivity migrates with DNA binding activity. In a kinetic heat
      inactivation experiment, the antigenic reactivity disappears simultaneously with
      the DNA binding activity. The data indicate the presence of a discernible DNA
      binding activity in fractions containing T antigen and suggest that the T antigen
      is the DNA binding protein being measured.

PMID- 168586
TI  - Role of bovine albumin in a serum-free suspension cell culture medium.
AB  - A serum-free culture medium, supplemented with 1% bovine serum albumin, supported
      the growth of both primary and continuous suspension-type cultures of various
      mammalian tumor cells. The role of albumin added to the medium was also studied.
      Defatted albumin failed to support cell growth, unless reconstituted with its
      lipid extract. Similarly, defatted albumin when combined with oleic and linoleic
      acids, also supported cell growth. Therefore, albumin-bound fatty acids play an
      important growth-promoting role in serum-free medium.

PMID- 168587
TI  - Correlation of survival from murine cytomegalovirus infection with spleen cell
      responsiveness to Concanavallin A.
AB  - Spleen cells from nonlethally MCMV-infected weanling and adult DBA/2 mice had
      diminished responses to Con A stimulation. In contrast, only lethal MCMV
      infections were associated with a complete suppression of the Con A response. The
      immune response to SRBC was depressed even in asymptomatic infections of weanling
      and adult mice. A marked maturation of resistance to the lethal effects of MCMV
      infection was found to occur during the fourth week of life.

PMID- 168588
TI  - Lipids and cell fusion in vitro: effect of amphotericin B.
AB  - Fusion rate of Cl-1D cells mediated by Sendai virus was decreased by
      preincubating the cells or the virus in the presence of lysolecithin. However, a
      significant increase occurred when the cells were preincubated in the presence of
      amphotericin B. This increase was suppressed by exogenous cholesterol.

PMID- 168589
TI  - DES-ASP1--angiotensin II: possible role in mediating responses of the renin
      angiotensin system.
AB  - In dexamethasone-treated dogs, both antiogensin II and its heptapeptide fragment
      (des-asp1-angiotensin II) stimulated the secretion of the adrenal steroids
      aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol. Further, there was no statistically
      significant difference in the steroidogenic potency of the two peptides. An
      interesting incidental finding was the decrease in PRA with both peptides, again
      with no demonstrable difference in the magnitude of the responses. The present
      data are consistent with the hypothesis that the heptapeptide mediates responses
      produced by the renin-angiotensin system in both the adrenals and the kidneys.

PMID- 168590
TI  - Effect of lithium ions on RNA synthesis in mammary gland explants of mice.
AB  - LiC1 was found to stimulate RNA synthesis in the mammary gland in a manner
      similar to that of prolactin. Since LiC1 is known to inhibit adenyl cyclase and
      thus to reduce levels of cyclic AMP, it is concluded that a reduced level of
      cyclic AMP may be one step in the mechanism whereby prolactin regulates the
      metabolism of the mammary gland.

PMID- 168591
TI  - Brain catecholamines, spontaneous bioelectrical activity and aggressive behavior
      in ants (Formica rufa).
AB  - The effects of dopamine (DA), 1-DOPA, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and
      haloperidol on aggressive behavior and spontaneous bioelectrical activity of the
      ant (Formica rufa) were studied. Drugs such as DA, 1-DOPA and DDTC increased
      mutual aggressivity in ants while it failed to change aggression directed towards
      other species of insects (e.g., the beetle Geotrupes sp.). The amplitude of EEG
      waves and the amplitude of neuronal discharges within the protocerebrum decreased
      after administration of both DA and 1-DOPA. Both DDTC and 1-DOPA increased the
      concentration of adrenaline as well as DA in the brain of ants. Haloperidol
      decreased intrageneric aggressivity but caused no evident changes in both EEG
      pattern and neuronal discharges. The present study indicates that catecholamines
      are critically involved in the organization of aggressive behavior in ants.

PMID- 168592
TI  - Noradrenergic role in the self-administration of morphine or amphetamine.
AB  - The role of brain noradrenergic neurons in mediating the reinforcing properties
      of small intravenous doses of morphine and d-amphetamine was investigated by
      pretreatment of rats with the norepinephrine-depleting agents
      diethyldithiocarbamate and U-14,624, inhibitors of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
      (DBH). Such treatment prevented the reacquisition of a self-administration
      response (bar-press) for morphine (32 mug/kg/injection) or d-amphetamine (15
      mug/kg/injection) made available on a CRF schedule. Pretreatment with a DBH
      inhibitor also prevented the development of a secondary (conditioned) reinforcer
      based on primary reinforcement assosiated with either drug. Observations
      indicating that the orienting reflex was intact are taken as evidence that
      depressant effects of the DBH inhibitors were not severe enough to disrupt the
      associative process. Therefore, any effect on learning does not seem sufficient
      to explain the present results. Thus, it is inferred that the mechanisms
      mediating reinforcement for both morphine and amphetamine were disrupted by the
      inhibition of central noradrenergic functions.

PMID- 168594
TI  - Pentobarbital and in vivo turnover rate of acetylcholine in mouse brain and in
      regions of rat brain.

PMID- 168593
TI  - Evidence for adrenergic neurons in a memory access pathway.
AB  - Injection of a beta-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, in rats within 5 min after
      training of a step-dowm passive avoidance response had no effect on performance
      either 2 or 6 hr later, however, when testing occurred 1, 3 or 7 days after
      training and injection a significant performance decrement was observed. If drug
      injection was postponed until 1 or 3 days after training and testing was
      conducted 2 hr later, again poor avoidance performance was obtained. No support
      for a state-dependency explanation [14] of the propranolol amnesia could be
      found. The amnesia that followed beta-adrenergic receptor block was identical to
      that previously reported when norepinephrine biosynthesis was reduced [9] and
      supports the hypothesis of a role for adrenergic neurons in memory formation and
      retrieval that is different from cholinergic neurons [4,10].

PMID- 168595
TI  - [Current problems of active substance research. 8. The isolated smooth muscle
      cell, a possible pharmacological examination object].

PMID- 168597
TI  - Anti-prostaglandin action of colchicine.
AB  - Colchicine, given locally, inhibits urate-crystal- and CaPPD-crystal-induced
      inflammation. Since this inflammation is known to be mediated in part by PGE1
      these observations indicate colchicine acts as an anti-PG agent. Colchicine
      counteracts the phlogistic action of exogenous PGE1 in both urate- and CaPPD
      crystal-induced inflammation. With use of large excesses of colchicine, its anti
      inflammatory action appears limited to its anti-PGE1 activity. In turn, PGE1
      counteracts the antiphlogistic action of colchicine. Colchicine is less effective
      in reducing swelling due to CaPPD-crystals than that due to urate-crystals, a
      finding similar to the clinical observations that colchicine is more effective
      therapy for gout than for pseudogout. Some relationships are reviewed to suggest
      that CaPPD-crystal inflammation is a more severe membrane disorder than is urate
      crystal inflammation.

PMID- 168596
TI  - Effects of arterial hypoxemia and splenic nerve stimulation on myocardial
      adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate in dogs.
AB  - Epinephrine infusion, 5-percent oxygen breathing, and splenic nerve stimulation
      were employed to increase cardiac output by 50-100% in anesthetized dogs.
      Epinephrine infusion as expected, increased plasma and myocardial cyclic AMP
      concentrations. Arterial hypoxemia increased cyclic AMP concentration in plasma
      but not in the heart. Practolol pretreatment abolished the increase in plasma
      cyclic AMP concentration and reduced the rise in cardiac output during hypoxemia.
      Splenic nerve stimulation was not associated with increases in either plasma or
      myocardial cyclic AMP. Adenylate cyclase activity was increased by addition of
      plasma into the incubation medium. However, splenic venous plasma obtained during
      splenic nerve stimulation  did not increase adenylate cyclase activity more than
      control plasma obtained before stimulation. We conclude that the positive
      inotropic action of arterial hypoxemia and splenic nerve stimulation does not
      depend on the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system.

PMID- 168598
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid, sodium salicylate, and caffeine on the serum interferon
      level in response to viral infection.
AB  - The ability of ascorbic acid, sodium salicylate, and caffeine to alter the
      circulating serum level of interferon was investigated in mice. The animals were
      singly injected subcutaneously with one of the compounds, 4-8 h later again
      singly injected intraperitoneally with poly I:C, and bled 6-8 h afterward. The
      sera from the mice were assayed for interferon titer by the use of the plaque
      inhibition method utilizing vesicular stomatitis virus. Ascorbic acid, sodium
      salicylate, and caffeine increased the serum level of interferon; however, the
      increase produced by sodium salicylate was dose-dependent, i.e. low doses
      increased interferon titers, high doses decreased the titers. Caffeine produced
      minimal increases in the interferon titer. These observations suggest that a
      potential prophylactic result may occur in virus infections from administration
      of the three compounds either singly or in combination at the proper
      concentration.

PMID- 168599
TI  - Free radical evolution in rat liver following the ingestion of DAB.
AB  - The effect of the ingestion of the carcinogenic substance DAB on the density and
      distribution of organic free radicals in rat liver is studied by the electron
      spin resonance method. There is a remarkable parallelism between what is known
      about the evolution of the activity of mitochondria and the concentration
      variations of free radicals.

PMID- 168600
TI  - Caudate nucleus lesion selectively increases paradoxical sleep episodes in the
      rat.
AB  - The EMG, ECG and the behavioral activity of seven rats were recorded for three
      days previous to and 24 hours after lesioning both caudate-putamen complexes.
      Following the lesion, the paradoxical sleep stage lengthened by about 248%,
      without noticeable changes in the slow wave sleep or in the waking stages. The
      greatest increase was obtained with lesions placed in the mediomedial portion of
      the caudate-putamen complex. In other six rats submitted to the above procedure
      except that the lesions were placed in the anterior cerebral cortex, and also in
      five more rats implanted in both caudate-putamen complexes but not lesioned, no
      change was noted in the waking, paradoxical sleep or slow wave sleep stages.

PMID- 168602
TI  - Role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of food and water intake.

PMID- 168603
TI  - Sex differences in a state hospital population of alcoholics on admission and
      treatment variables.

PMID- 168604
TI  - Pharmacologic interaction between cannabinol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
AB  - The pharmacological activities of delta9-THC [(minus)-delta9-trans
      tetrahydrocannabinol], CBN (Cannabinol) and mixtures of delta9-THC + CBN were
      studied in rabbits, rats and mice. CBN, although in general less active, mimicked
      the effects of delta9-THC in several pharmacological tests: corneal arreflexia in
      rabbits; climbing rope, open-field, irritability and aggressiveness after REM
      sleep deprivation in rats; catatonia, analgesia and sleeping time in mice. When
      the mixture delta9-THC + CBN was used, a synergistic effect occurred on most of
      the depressant effects. On the other hand CBN did not interfere with or slightly
      inhibited the excitatory effects of delta9-THC. In the one peripheral test used,
      CBN did not alter the delta9-THC effect.

PMID- 168605
TI  - Retroactive impairment of cooperative learning by imipramine and chlordiazepoxide
      in rats.
AB  - Pairs of rats were placed in an apparatus where their sole food source hung over
      an electrified grid. The current was shut off only while one rat remained on a
      platform out of reach of the food, thus allowing his partner to eat. Mastery of
      the process of taking turns at eating required about 10 daily sessions. Injection
      of imipramine or chlordiazepoxide a few minutes after each feeding session
      prevented the development of this cooperative behavior. Drug injection 3 hrs
      after each session had no effect. Suppression of REM sleep during the first 3 hrs
      after training was considered the most likely mechanism of the drug-induced
      impairment.

PMID- 168601
TI  - [Functional state of the diencephalon-pituitary-adrenal axis in affective
      psychoses].

PMID- 168606
TI  - Effects of early post-natal alpha-methyl-dopa treatment on behavior in the rat.
AB  - 250 mg/kg of L-alpha-methyl-Dopa (alpha-m-Dopa) or saline were administered to
      rats for three weeks after birth. Subsequent tests revealed an increased
      locomotor activity and greater rate of acquisition but no disturbance in shuttle
      box conditioning. The whole brain content of norepinephrine, dopamine and
      serotonin was not affected.

PMID- 168608
TI  - The effect of REM deprivation: is it detrimental, beneficial, or neutral?

PMID- 168607
TI  - The effects of stress films on dream affect and on respiration and eye-movement
      activity during Rapid-Eye-Movement sleep.

PMID- 168609
TI  - Mechanism of action of psychotomimetic drugs.

PMID- 168610
TI  - Modification of CAMP response in neurons and glia.

PMID- 168611
TI  - [Behavior of lipoprotein X (LP-X) in viral hepatitis].
AB  - The AA. have studied the behaviour of LP-X in fifty cases of viral hepatitis
      printing out a positivity in 32% of the examined cases, with a positivity of the
      Au-antigen in the 34% of cases. They have observed a more remarkable inclination
      to the cholostasis in children (40% of the cases of positivity of LP-X),
      concluding for a scarce specificity of such a "marker" of cholostasis.

PMID- 168612
TI  - [Factors controlling the recirculation of stem cells. 2. Effect of ACTH on the
      migration of hematopoietio stem cells from the shielded portion of bone marrow in
      irradiated mice].

PMID- 168613
TI  - [Effect of gamma-radiation on complexes of progesterone with the protein receptor
      of human endometrium cell nucleus and cytoplasm].

PMID- 168615
TI  - Myelographic cervical nerve root deformities.
AB  - Myelograms of nerve roots and adjacent subarachnoid space were reviewed to
      characterize 231 cervical root deformities from both symptomatic and asymptomatic
      patients. Good correlation between specific features of root deformities and
      clinical significance could not be demonstrated. Some features were slightly
      suggestive of clinical significance but occurred in a sufficient number of
      asymptomatic patients to make them unreliable. The most accurate determinants of
      root deformity significance are clincal and electromyographic findings.

PMID- 168614
TI  - Early experience with the EMI scanner for study of the brain.
AB  - Computed tomography of the head is highly accurate new radiologic technique for
      the evaluation of neurologic disease. Analysis of early cases indicates that the
      appearance produced by CT in some conditions is unique and that increasing
      experience allows the neuroradiologist to predict the position and nature of
      disease processes with greater accuracy.

PMID- 168616
TI  - Retrograde hepatography and indirect lymphography of the liver: an experimental
      study in the dog.
AB  - Retrograde infusion of large amounts of water-soluble contrast agents into the
      biliary system results in only a brief hepatogram. A dense hepatogram lasting for
      several weeks and visualization of hepatic and celiac lymph nodes equal to that
      in direct lymphography can be obtained after retrograde biliary infusion of
      Ethiodol. In serching for metastasis from tumor in the liver, gall-bladder, bile
      ducts, pancreas, stomach, and duodenum, radiographic visualization of these nodes
      may help. If proved safe, the procedure can be performed by endocopic cannulation
      of the common bile duct.

PMID- 168617
TI  - Congenital asymmetry (hemihypertrophy) and abdominal disease: radiological
      features in 9 cases.
AB  - Coexistent abdominal disease was found in 9 cases of congenital asymmetry. These
      patients appear to be at risk of malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland,
      kidney, and liver. Five of the 6 neoplasms in this group of patients were
      malignant. Approximately 25% of the reported cases of hemihypertrophy have been
      associated with hamartomas or congenital defects, especially genitourinary
      anomalies. Benign disorders encountered in this group included medullary sponge
      kidney, renal ectopia, renal cyst, nephromegaly, adrenomegaly, and hypospadius.

PMID- 168618
TI  - Steroid hormone modulation of 3H-prostaglanding E1 binding to bovine corpus
      leteum cell membranes.
AB  - The specific binding of 3H-prostaglandin E1 (3H-PGE1) to bovine corpus luteum
      cell membranes was not affected by cholesterol or various progestins at
      concentrations of up to 9.0x10-minus-6M. At concentrations  above 2.5 x 10-minus
      6M; estrone, 17beta-estradiol (but not 17alpha-estradiol or 17beta-estradiol
      glucuronide), estroil, equilin, D-equilenin, 17-ethynyl estradiol,
      diethylstilbestrol, cortisol, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone
      inhibited specific binding of 3H-PGE1. On the other hand, testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (but not androstenedione) significantly enhanced 3H
      PGE1 binding. These findings permitted the following correlations between steroid
      structure and modulation of 3H-PGE1 binding: steroids with a free phenolic ring
      and a 17beta-hydroxyl or 17-keto group or C-21 steroids with a C-20 ketone and a
      C-21 hydroxy group decrease, whereas C-19 steroids with a C-17 hydroxy group
      enhance specific binding of 3H-PGE1. PGE receptors are heterogeneous with respect
      to affinity for 3H-PGE1. The steroids that decreased 3H-PGE1 binding caused a
      lowering to a complete loss of low affinity PGE receptors. Steroids that
      increased 3H-PGE1 binding caused appearance of new low affinity PGE receptors.
      Association rate constants for 3H-PGE1 binding were decreased by 17beta-estradiol
      (61%) and increased by DHT (59%).

PMID- 168619
TI  - Further characterization of hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase inhibition by zymosan.

PMID- 168620
TI  - A comparison of immunologic response to intranasal and intramuscular
      parainfluenza-3 live virus vaccines in beef calves challenged experimentally in
      the feedlot.
AB  - Feeder calves were vaccinated with modified live virus (MLV) bovine parainfluenza
      3 (PI-3) vaccines by the nasal and parenteral routes. Thirty days later they were
      challenged with the SF-4 strain of virus. Serum hemagglutination-inhibition (HI)
      antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in nasal secretions were compared with
      unvaccinated control calves. Both vaccines produced satisfactory circulating
      antibodies, but intranasal vaccination produced higher levels of antibodies in
      nasal secretions. After challenge PI-3 virus was not isolated from the vaccinated
      calves or two contact control unvaccinated calves but was isolated from all
      unvaccinated control calves isolated from vaccinated calves.

PMID- 168622
TI  - Evidence for a dibutyryl-c-AMP increased 45Ca release from cardiac muscle.

PMID- 168621
TI  - Selective inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent oxidations by
      substituted carbamides.
AB  - Several 1-substituted acetyl-3-aryl carbamides selectively inhibited nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide (NAD) dependent oxidation of alpha-keotoglutarate and beta
      hydroxybutyrate by rat brain homogenates. NAD-independent oxidation of succinate
      remained unaltered. The inhibition observed with 1-(N-acetylmorpholino)-3-(4
      methylphenyl)carbamide was competitive in nature.

PMID- 168623
TI  - The mode of inhibition of herpes simplex and vesicular stomatitis ocular viral
      infections in the rabbit and hamster by an interferon inducer tilorone
      dihydrochloride.
AB  - Ocular viral infections are a major cause of loss of vision and their effective
      control by applications of chemical compounds has been extensively investigated.
      To achieve such a control, better understanding of virus-host-drug interactions
      become a necessity. Two models, hamster and rabbit cornea, were selected for
      assays of protection afforded by tilorone dihydrochloride against herpes simplex
      (HSV) and vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV). To obtain basic biologic comparison
      between viral interference and interferon-induction by tilorone, the hamster
      cornea system was first studied to produce a mutual viral interference by double
      infection. Furthermore, its effect against ascending herpetic ocular infection
      into encephalitis was evaluated in the rabbit. This compound was reported to have
      promising results in improving manifestations such as corneal ulceration, uveitis
      and conjunctivitis.

PMID- 168625
TI  - Action of phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride on hepatic microsomal inosine
      diphosphatase in the rat.
AB  - Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital decreased the in vitro activity of liver
      microsomal inosine diphosphatase, whereas CCl4 caused an opposite effect. These
      actions were essentially abolished when the activity of the enzyme was assayed in
      the presence of optimal concentrations of triton X-100. The detergent was shown
      to activate and solubilize the enzyme along with membrane protein and
      phospholipids. During solubilization there was a tendency towards a greater
      phosphatidylcholine and lower phosphatidylethanolamine content in triton-soluble
      membranes. Microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rats were more resistant to triton
      solubilization, whereas those from CCl4-treated rats were more susceptible than
      the controls. These results demonstrated a loose association between the enzyme
      and the endoplasmic reticulum and that phenobarbital or CCl4 altered the activity
      of IDP-ase probably by affecting the binding of the enzyme to the structure
      skeleton of the membrane. The role of phospholipid changes in the stability of
      microsomal membranes is discussed.

PMID- 168624
TI  - REM sleep distributions in post-addict rats relapsing to morphine self
      administration: effects of naloxone subcutaneous pellets.
AB  - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with chronic cortical and temporalis
      muscle electrodes and i.v. cannulas. They were administered i.v. injections of
      morphine to produce tolerance and physical dependence, then trained to lever
      press for i.v. self-injections of morphine (10 mg/kg) to maintain dependence.
      They were subsequently withdrawn for two weeks, implanted subcutaneously with one
      or two pellets of naloxone base, 100 mg each, or placebo pellets, returned to the
      experimental cages and allowed to relapse to self-administration of either saline
      or morphine. Rats with placebo pellets relapsed to morphine self-administration
      and reestablished the dependence state. However, rats implanted with naloxone and
      then permitted to self-administer morphine extinguished their lever pressing
      ("drug-seeking behavior"). Similar results were obtained with rats implanted with
      placebo pellets and self-administering saline. The self-injections of morphine by
      rats implanted with placebo pellets severely suppressed REM sleep and altered its
      normal distribution. Rats implanted with naloxone pellets and that subsequently
      extinguished their lever pressing, however, did not exhibit a change in REM sleep
      distributions. Similarly, self-injections of isotonic saline did not exert an
      effect on REM sleep distributions. These findings suggest that a correlation
      between REM sleep distributions, drug-seeking behavior, and morphine-naloxone
      interaction prevailed.

PMID- 168626
TI  - Studies on immunisation of pigs with the Bartha strain of Aujeszky's disease
      virus.
AB  - The K strain of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) grown in Vero cells was used to
      vaccinate pigs. Following intramuscular inoculation, the pigs remained healthy,
      no vaccine virus was excreted and virus could be detected only at the inoculation
      site. One inoculation gave good protection against challenge with a virulent
      strain of ADV, and the amount of virulent ADV excreted was geatly curtailed.
      Following vaccination only low leads of serum neutralizing antibody were detected
      (geometric mean titre 1/2), but three weeks after challenge very high levels were
      found (GMT 1/1773). Intranasal vaccination gave similar results. There was
      minimal excretion of vaccine virus. The clinical reaction on challenge was less
      severe than in the intramuscularly challenged group, although lower antibody
      levels were detected three wekks following challenge (GMT 1/483). A field trial,
      using this strain given subcutaneously, indicated that one inoculation of this
      vaccine is effective.

PMID- 168627
TI  - Plasma progesterone levels in sows with induced cystic ovarian follicles.
AB  - Large multiple cystic ovarian follicles were induced in three sows and small
      multiple cystic ovarian follicles were induced in three other sows by injections
      of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) during the follicular phase of the
      oestrous cycle. Plasma progesterone levels in sows with large cysts were
      relatively high, while those of sows with small cystic follicles were low.
      Removal of the ovaries with large cysts from one sow resulted in a precipitous
      drop in progesterone levels indicating that the large cysts were primarily the
      source of progesterone. The method by which ACTH may induced cystic ovaries was
      also investigated. Plasma progesterone levels in two ovariectomised sows during
      ACTH treatment fluctuated markedly during a 24 h period achieving peak values of
      4 or 5 ng/ml. The results suggest that progesterone of adrenal cortical origin
      may be a factor in the development of the cystic ovarian condition.

PMID- 168628
TI  - The nasal secretion and serum antibody response of lambs following vaccination
      and aerosol challenge with parainfluenza 3 virus.
AB  - The nasal and serum neutralising antibody responses of lambs was compared
      following vaccination with live or inactivated parainfluenza 3 (PI 3) virus by
      either intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) routes. Nasal antibody was only
      detected following inoculation of live virus IN or inactivated virus in Freund's
      complete adjuvant (FCA) IM. Immunity to aerosol challenge, as assessed by viral
      shedding from the nose, was conferred by (1) live virus administered by either
      route, (2) two IM inoculations of inactivated virus in FCA, and (3) one IM
      injection of inactivated virus in FCA followed by IN instillation of inactivated
      virus.

PMID- 168629
TI  - [Unusual association of a papillary cystadenoma and a mixed tumor of the
      parotid].
AB  - The authors describe the exceptional association within the same parotid gland of
      two oncologically different tumours. This provides them with material for
      discussion concerning the value of pre- and per-operative histological tests and
      leads them to put in a plea for total parotidectomy leaving the facial nerve
      intact.

PMID- 168630
TI  - [2 new cases of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome].
AB  - After a brief account of the history and pathogeny, two cases are described of
      sub-angiomal bone hypo and hypertrophy. Other cases in the literature are
      recalled. Finally, a differential diagnosis is given.

PMID- 168631
TI  - Effect of the carboxyl-terminal tripeptide of vasopressin on plasma free fatty
      acids and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in man.
AB  - The carboxyl-terminal tripeptide of casopressin (Pro-Arg-Gly.NH2) and
      adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) were injected intravenously into six human
      subjects, and the effects of these peptides on plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and
      cAMP concentrations were compared with that of saline. Twenty mug of the
      tripetide and 100 mug of ACTH INCREASED THE PLASMA FFA CONCENTRATION TO THE SAME
      EXTENT, WHEREAS 200 MUG OF THE TRIPETIDE WAS WITHOUT THIS LIPOLYTIC EFFECT. ACTH
      and the smaller dose of the tripeptide elevated the plasma cAMP level only in the
      same two subjects.

PMID- 168633
TI  - Depresssion in narcolepsy and hypersommia.
AB  - The authors studied the occurrence of depression in 100 randomly selected
      patients with narcolepsy and in 30 patients with hypersomnia. In the isolated
      form of idiopathic narcolepsy (without signs of cataplexy, sleep paralysis or
      hypnagogic hallucinations) depression occurred 28.6 per cent of cases. In
      idiopathic narcolepsy with cataplexy or other symptoms of sleep dissociation,
      depression was found in 17.2 per cent of cases. In idiopathic hypersomnia the
      occurrence of depression was 26.1 per cent. In the majority of cases the
      endogenous form of depression was observed. In the symptomatic form of narcolepsy
      and hypersomnia the occurence of depression has not been noted in any case. In
      most cases a parallel clincial course has been observed between the manifestation
      of depression and narcolepsy or hypersomnia. During a remission of the depressive
      state the hypersomniac symptoms decreased or disappeared totally. The authors
      furter discuss the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of the above mentioned
      symptoms. They are of the opinion that an important role is played by the
      secretion and metabolism of the cerebral monamines.

PMID- 168632
TI  - Clinical conditions associated with urinary excretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid.
AB  - Urine and blood samples from patients with different clinical disorders were
      examined for 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2-HB) by gas chromatography and mass
      spectrometry. All patients with combined lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis
      excreted 2-HB in the urine, in amounts up to 2.3 mmol/mmol creatinine. In blood
      from these patients, 2-HB was present only in trace amounts. Hard physical
      exercise resulted in lactic acidosis and accumulation of 2-HB. The lactate to
      pyruvate ratio in blood and urine was markedly increased in the patients
      excreting 2-HB but was normal in two patients with lactic acidosis who did not
      excrete 2-HB. It is concluded that an increased NADH2/NAD ratio is the most
      important factor for the production of 2-HB.

PMID- 168634
TI  - [Exophthalmogenic effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in the animal
      experiment].
AB  - Exophthalmos has been induced in carp by injecting thyrotropin releasing hormone
      (TRH) (PYRO-glutamyl-histidyl-prolinamide) into the coelom. This effect was dose
      dependent (dose range 5-750 mug). It was significantly potentiated by prior
      administration of beta-1 minus 24 coricotropin (Synacthen, Ciba) and inhibited by
      prednisclone. No significant increase was obtained with 2-phenylalanine-8-lysire
      vasopressin (Octapressin, Sandoz). The results show that in the fish model, TRH
      exerts an exophthalmogenic effect by stimulating endogenous TSH, whereas in man
      this is not the case. They afford further evidence that the carp model does not
      reproduce the conditions which occur in ophthalmic Graves' disease.

PMID- 168635
TI  - [Osteomalacia and antiepileptic drugs: study on the pathogenesis].
AB  - Severe osteomalacia with secondary hyperparathyroidism was observed in a 19-year
      old mentally retarded girl, who had been treated for several years with
      antiepileptic drugs. Vitamin D3 orally administered in low doses led to complete
      reversal of all symptoms and normalization of blood chemistry, X-ray pictures
      demonstrated healing of all lesions. It is suggested that the alterations of
      vitamin-D metabolism occuring during the administration of phenobarbital and
      hydantion are of importance only in patients with an already lowered intake of
      vitamin D3 or reduced exposure to ultraviolet rays.

PMID- 168636
TI  - [Clinical problems of amebiasis].
AB  - Dagnostic and therapeutic problems of amebiaiss, a disease rarely observed in
      this country, are discussed in the light of four own cases representing the
      various courses of the disease. These observations prompt the following
      conclusions: 1. Amebiasis should be considered in cases of unclear acute or
      chronic intestinal disease, even if the patient has never visited endemic
      regions. 2. Non-tropical forms of amebiasis may follow a severe course with
      complications such as liver abscess or ameboma. 3. The advice of a specialized
      laboratory is necessary for stool examinations on amebae. 4. Stool examinations
      for amebiasis should be combined with serological tests. The immunofluorescense
      test is of special value. False negative results are however possible, especially
      in cases without tissue inflitration where the infection is limited to the
      intestinal lumen. 5. Metronidazol (Flagyl) greatly simplifies the treatment of
      amebiasis as it is both efffective and better tolerated than most other
      antiamebic agents.

PMID- 168637
TI  - [Anti-lipoprotein autoantibodies with hypolipidemia in infectious rheumatism].
AB  - Presence of anti-lipoprotein activity, a new serological finding in inflammatory
      rheumatoid disease, has been established in sera and synovial fluids of 20
      patients, among which were 6 cases of ankylosing spondylitis. In 18 of the
      patients, sera were negative for rheumatoid factor. Anti-lipoprotein activity can
      best be demonstrated by the hemagglutination technique. The binding activity is
      directed against autologous as well as homologous, however not against
      heterologous HDL and LDL. It has no specificity for Ag factors. Anti-LDL activity
      can also be demonstrated by means of double-diffusion tests, whereas no agar
      precipitation has been noticeable using HDL as the antigen. Lipoprotein binding
      activities were shown to be localized in the Fab fragments of IgG and, in 2 of
      the cases, also in IgA. We therefore assume that the underlying mechanism of the
      antilipoprotein activity is auto-immunization, despite of the fact that neither
      activation of complement nor a stoichiometric character of the binding reaction
      could be ascertained. Because hemagglutination and immunoprecipitation tests,
      respectively, were postive with apo-HDL und apo-LDL too, we consider the apo
      protein to carry the antigenic site of the reaction. Sera with anti-lipoprotein
      autoantibodies from patients with chronic rheumatoid disease also presented
      another pecularity, i.e., a significant decrease of total lipids, cholesterol,
      and other components of the lipid spectrum. In patients with paraproteinemia, a
      similar combination of lipoprotein-binding activity and hypolipidemia or
      hypocholesterolemia was discussed in a previous paper. Regarding the pathogenesis
      of hypolipidemia or hypocholesterolemia in our patients with rheumatoid
      disorders, results of LDL turnover studies were indicative for an increase of the
      lipoprotein catabolism in the presence of anti-lipoprotein autoantibodies,
      together with a shift of the intra-extravascular distribution toward the
      intravascular pool. We assume the increased lipoprotein catabolism in these cases
      to be due to a trapping of lipoproteins by autoantibodies, and to accelerated
      degradation of these immune complexes. From a practical point of view, it may be
      of clinical importance that this new serological finding has been observed mainly
      in patients with chronic rheumatoid disease lacking a rheumatoid serum factor,
      and was frequently found in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (6 out of the 20
      cases). As a screening method, we recommend systematic determinations of the
      total lipids and of serum cholesterol in all patients with inflammatory
      rheumatoid disease. In cases with low levels of total lipids and cholesterol,
      respectively, it may be useful to search for anti-lipoprotein autoantibodies
      using the hemagglutination method. Results are reported from some preliminary
      experiments on animals elicitation of an arthritis by means of intra-articular
      injections of autologous apo-HDL and apo-LDL, and demonstration of autoantibodies
      against HDL and LDL).

PMID- 168638
TI  - Mouse mammary tumors: alteration of incidence as apparent function of stress.
AB  - Eighty to 100 percent of female mice of the C3H/He strain carrying the Bittner
      oncogenic virus usually develop mammary tumors within 8 to 18 months after birth
      when studied under the usual housing and experimental conditions. By subjecting
      various groups of such mice to environmental circumstances providing different
      degrees of chronic stress, mammary tumor incidence at 400 days was modified, with
      incidences ranging from 92 percent under stress to 7 percent in a protected
      environment. The data suggest that moderate chronic or intermittent stress may
      predispose such mice to an increased risk of mammary carcinoma, possibly through
      a resultant compromise of their immunological competence or tumor surveillance
      system, and that adequate protection from physiological stress may reduce mammary
      tumor occurrence in mice.

PMID- 168639
TI  - Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP: mediators of the mechanical effects on bone
      remodeling.
AB  - Compressive forces of physiological magnitude (60 grams per square centimeter)
      reduce the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      content of the epiphyses of tibiae from 16-day-old chick embryos. An equivalent
      hydrostatic pressure applied directly to cells isolated from this tissue also
      affects cyclic nucleotide accumulation. The tissue response is uniform throughout
      the epiphysis, whereas the cell response varies according to the area of origin.

PMID- 168640
TI  - Predicting response to endocrine therapy in human breast cancer: a hypothesis.
AB  - We hypothesize that the presence of progesterone receptors in human breast tumors
      may be a sensitive marker for predicting response to endocrine therapy.
      Progesterone receptors were found in 56 percent of tumors with estrogen
      receptors, but were absent in tumors without estrogen receptors. Preliminary
      clinical correlations show that only those breast tumors with progesterone
      receptors regressed after endocrine therapy.

PMID- 168641
TI  - Acetaldehyde oxidation by hepatic mitochondria: decrease after chronic ethanol
      consumption.
AB  - Prolonged consumption of ethanol significantly reduces the capacity of rat liver
      mitochondria to oxidize acetaldehyde. This is associated with decreased
      mitochondrial respiration with acetaldehyde as substrate. The reduced ability of
      mitochondria to metabolize acetaldehyde may explain the high levels of
      acetaldehyde in the blood of alcoholics, which in turn could promote the
      perpetuation of liver injury.

PMID- 168642
TI  - Phosphorus-31 as a nuclear probe for malignant tumors.

PMID- 168643
TI  - Mixed tumor of female breast of unusual duration and size.
AB  - A 72-year-old black woman presented with huge enlargement of the right breast
      beginning approximately 30 years earlier and progressively enlarging over the
      years. The breast was stony hard, painless, and inconvenient only because of size
      and weight. Simple mastectomy was done and pathologic examination showed a benign
      mixed tumor with large areas of pseudocartilage, osteoid, and bone formation.
      Preoperatively the serum calcium was 11.0 mg/100 ml and alkaline phosphatase, 550
      mU/ml (SMA-12). Postoperative course was uneventful and within several weeks the
      alkaline phosphatase fell to a normal range (35-115 mU/ml). The case presented
      requires little comment other than its unusual nature and duration. Extensive
      bone formation was undoubtedly responsible for the elevated alkaline phosphatase
      and, as expected, it returned to normal limits following excision of the tumor.
      Simple mastectomy is considered the treatment of choice.

PMID- 168644
TI  - Osteoporosis, oestrogens and oophorectomy. A proposed new test of oestrogenic
      potency.
AB  - The role of oestrogens, endogenous and exogenous, in the pathogenesis of
      osteoporis is briefly reviewed. Aspects of research into effects of oestrogens on
      plasma calcium and phosphorus metabolism, conducted at Groote Schuur Hospital,
      are incorporated in the discussion. The current role of oestrogen therapy in the
      prevention of osteoporosis is presented. Evidence suggests that different
      oestrogenic substances produce different metabolic effects. On this basis a new
      test for assessment of oestrogenic potency is proposed. It is concluded that
      appropriate or specific oestrogens are of value in the prevention of
      osteoporosis, but play little or no role once the process is fully developed. A
      positive preventive measure recommended is conservatism with regard to ovaries
      during gynaecological operation on young women.

PMID- 168645
TI  - Effect of conjugated oestrogen therapy on circulating luteinising hormone in
      oophorectomised women.
AB  - In a double-blind cross-over study, conjugated equine oestrogen (Premarin) was
      shown to depress the raised luteinising hormone concentration found in the plasma
      of oophorectomised women. A dose of 1,25 mg was as effective as 2,5 mg per day.

PMID- 168646
TI  - Sclerosing haemangioma of the lung. A case report.
AB  - A case of pulmonary sclerosing haemangioma composed of blood-filled cavernous
      spaces separated by septa containing sheets of uniform, epithelioid-type cells
      and numerous mast cells is described. Although the histogenesis has not been
      conclusively established, the appearances in this case favour a primary vascular
      lesion. The variable histological patterns observed in this tumour may cause
      problems in diagnosis; the differentiation from haemangioma, haemangiopericytoma,
      pulmonary chemodectoma and benign clear cell tumour of the lung is discussed.

PMID- 168647
TI  - Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome.
AB  - A patient with focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome is presented.  In addition to the
      usual skin lesions, this patient showed two interesting features, viz.
      spontaneous involution of the papillomatous lesions on the lips, and osteopathic
      striae.

PMID- 168648
TI  - Sporadic ulcero-osteolytic neuropathy in Blacks. A report of two cases.
AB  - The triad of a peripheral neuropathy, skin ulceration and destruction of bones
      and joints of the feet is called ulcero-osteolytic neuropathy, when other common
      causes of similar lesions have been excluded. Malnutrition, alcoholism and local
      trauma predispose to the development of the condition. It is to be differentiated
      from burnt-out leprosy, and is a chronic condition that eventually leads to
      characteristic deformities.

PMID- 168649
TI  - Letter: Ulcero-osteolytic neuropathy.

PMID- 168650
TI  - Colestipol, clofibrate, cholestyramine and combination therapy in the treatment
      of familial hyperbetalipoproteinaemia.
AB  - Fifty-seven patients, mean age 26 years, suffering from familial
      hyperbetalipoproteinaemia (Fredrickson type lla and llb), were treated on a low
      cholesterol, modified polyunsaturated fat diet for a period of 6-12 weeks prior
      to the introduction of drug therapy.  No significant reduction in the serum
      levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or
      triglyceride was found.  Fifty patients were then treated with colestipol for 6
      weeks; total and LDL cholesterol decreased by 23%, but triglyceride levels were
      unaffected.  During the following 6 weeks, placebo was administered, and total
      and LDL cholesterol returned to pretreatment levels.  The patients were then
      randomly allocated into two groups of 16.  The first group continued with
      clofibrate therapy, while the second group received cholestyramine.  In the
      clofibrate group a reduction in total and LDL cholesterol of the order of 17% was
      noted, similar to cholestethat achieved in this group on colestipol. 
      Triglyceride levels were 15% lower on clofibrate therapy than on colestipol.  In
      the cholestyramine group, there was a 25% decrease in total and LDL cholesterol,
      compared with pretreatment levels.  This reduction was similar to that found when
      colestipol was administered.  Triglyceride values were significantly raised
      during cholestyramine therapy.  Thirteen patients were then subjected to a 6-week
      period of combination therapy, either clofibrate or colestipol, or clofibrate and
      cholestyramine.  Total and LDL cholesterol were reduced by 32% on combination
      therapy compared with 18% on colestipol and 23% on either clofibrate or
      cholestyramine alone.  Furthermore, on combined therapy, triglyceride
      concentrations fell by 20% when compared with the levels found when colestipol,
      clofibrate or cholestyramine were administered on their own.

PMID- 168651
TI  - Pseudogout--CPPD arthropathy, Case reports.
AB  - Pseudogout, or calcium pyrophosphate arthropathy, is a crystalline synovitis,
      characterised either by acute attacks of joint pain, which usually occur in the
      large joints, or by a more chronic, progressive form of joint disease.  The
      essential features of the disease are chondrocalcinosis and the presence of
      pyrophosphate crystals in the synovial fluid.  The exact pathogenesis is unknown.
      Case reports of 2 patients with confiemed pseudogout, and of 1 who is suspected
      to be suffering from the disease, as well as a summary of the outstanding aspects
      of the condition, are presented.

PMID- 168652
TI  - [Letter: Diagnosis of insulinoma].

PMID- 168653
TI  - Lymphography--technique, indications and principles of interpretation.
AB  - The findings in 277 patients investigated by ethiodol lymphography are reviewed,
      and the applications and limitations of the procedure are presented. The non
      specificity of findings is the principal reason for the lack of acceptance of
      this procedure, and the confusing entity of tuberculous lymphadenitis is
      discussed.

PMID- 168654
TI  - Hepatic dysfunction in recipients of renal allografts.

PMID- 168655
TI  - Surgical lesions of the ovary in infancy and childhood.
AB  - In 27 years, 64 patients were operated upon for ovarian lesions, 43 for tumors,
      12 for nonneoplastic cysts and nine for ovarian torsion.  Of all the girls in
      this age group who were operated upon for appendicitis, 2 percent had ovarian
      lesions.  Of the girls referred for isosexual precocity in the last ten years,
      4.7 per cent had ovarian lesions.  Of the girls in this age group operated upon
      for malignant abdominal lesions, excluding hepatic, in the last 15 years, 10.8
      per cent had ovarian tumors.  Of the 11 tumors with endocrine function, four were
      malignant.  This association is statistically significant.  There were no
      operative deaths.  There were no postoperative deaths among six patients with
      Stage I and II lesions.  Mortality was confined to the two patients with Stage
      III and IV lesions.  The surgical approach was designed to conserve ovarian
      tissue, and adjunctive chemotherapy and radiotherapy were infrequently used.

PMID- 168656
TI  - Effects of exogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate in hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - Hemorrhageic shock produces potentially damaging alterations in the metabolism of
      cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), which is an intracellular second
      messenger for many hormones. The hypothesis that the administration of exogenous
      cAMP might have salutary effects on cardiovascular hemodynamics in shock was
      tested in canine experimetns. Intravenous bolus injection of dibutyryl cAMP (2
      mg. per kilogram) produced hyperglycemia, but no changes occurred in heart rate,
      arerial pressure cardiac output, or in the first derivative of left ventricualr
      pressure (dp/dt). The findings were similar in conscious and anesthetized
      (Nembutal) normotensive dogs, in dogs after 3 hours of shock (at blood pressure
      of 40 mm. Hg) and after the reinfusion of shed blood. The only hemodynamic change
      noted was a transient hypotensionupon injection of massive doses of dibutyryl-(db
      ) cAMP or cAMP (greater than 10 mg. per kilogram). The implication of these
      findings in light of earlier reported hemodynamic effects of cAMP is discussed.

PMID- 168657
TI  - Prognosis of mammary carcinoma in young women.
AB  - One hundred and sixty-two women with carcinoma of the breast, age 40 years or
      younger, were treated from 1950 to 1969. Mammary cancer is not uncommon in this
      age group. The 5 year survival rate among our operable patients was about 50
      percent. The 5 year survival rate among patients 20 to 35 years of age was
      slightly higher than that in patients 36 to 40 years old. In stage B and more
      advanced breast cancer in young women, the outlook was poorer than in women 41
      years and older. When axillary involvement is present during gestation or in the
      immediate postpartum period, the prognosis is especially poor. Young women have
      an unusually high proportion (35 percent) of low-grade, infrequently
      metastasizing tumors, such as medullary, intraductal, papillary, and lobular
      carcinomas. The presence of cancer in the axillary nodes at operation is the most
      important factor affecting prognosis in mammary cancer. From this study we can
      see no reason to consider carcinoma of the breast in young women a more lethal
      disease than that seen in their older counterparts.

PMID- 168659
TI  - The relationships between the early mouse embryo and its environment.

PMID- 168658
TI  - Gametogenesis in the male: prospects for its control.

PMID- 168660
TI  - A determinant role for progesterone in the development of uterine sensitivity to
      decidualization and ovo-implantation.

PMID- 168661
TI  - The community of human malformation syndromes that shares ectodermal dysplasia
      and deformities of the hands and feet.
AB  - Syndromes of human congenital malformation may be classified be recognizing
      communities of syndromes that share multiple phenotypic similarities involving
      their principal diagnostic features. A community of syndromes that shares various
      expressions of ectodermal dysplasia and various deformities of the hands and feet
      is proposed; these syndromes are divisible into two classes according to the
      presence or absence of anomalies in the nasal or labial regions of the face. The
      dysmorphogenetic validity of the division is supported by the fact that the
      syndromes without nasal or labial anomalies have a high frequency of
      sensorineural deafness as one expression of ectodermal dysplasia whereas those
      without such anomalies do not. The usefulness of such a syndromal community as a
      base for evolving a taxonomic scheme of dysmorphogenetic relatedness amongst
      different syndromes is illustrated.

PMID- 168662
TI  - The effect of chemical or enzymatic modifications upon the ability of collagen to
      form multimers and to initiate platelet aggregation.

PMID- 168663
TI  - [An atypical case of Aujeszky's disease in a dog (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of Aujeszky's disease in a cat and a dog belonging to the same owner
      are reported. The two animals each were five months of age. The symptoms shown by
      the cat were typical of Aujeszky's disease: intense itching, salivation and the
      head bent to one side. The main symptoms shown by the dog consisted in
      salivation, ptosis of one eye, a drooping ear, the head bent to one side and
      ataxia. As itching was not observed in the dog and the animal had spent the first
      months of its life in wooded surroundings, it could also have been affected with
      rabies, although it had been inoculated with LEP-Flury vaccine forty days prior
      to importation. It is of importance to the practitioner to know that itching may
      be absent in dogs with Aujeszky's disease and that rabies should also be
      suspected in these cases. Only a laboratory diagnosis will be conclusive. Studies
      were negative for rabies, the virus of Aujeszky's disease being found to be
      present in the two cases. The source of infection probably consisted in
      contaminated pork offal (larynges).

PMID- 168664
TI  - [I.B.R (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical pictures which may be produced by IBR/IPV virus in cattle are
      briefly reviewed. Up to the autumn of 1972, infection occurred only sporadically
      in the Netherlands, no typical cases of IBR having been reported up to the fall
      of that year. Since the winter of 1972-1973 IBR has increasingly been diagnosed,
      particularly during the winter months. It may, however, be mistaken for other
      infections of the respiratory tract. The infection apears to be spreading. The
      clinical features, diagnosis, epizootiology and methods of treatment are
      discussed. Administration of a vaccine may be indicated in some herds where IBR
      virus is present or its introduction is to be expected. In that case, inoculation
      of a monospecific vaccine, directed against IBR virus only is to be preferred to
      the use of combination vaccines.

PMID- 168665
TI  - Electroencephalographic study of an infant with phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
      synthetase deficiency.
AB  - In a hypouricemic and mentally retarded infant due to a defect of 5
      phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase, electroencephalograms were recorded at
      the age of 4, 7, 10 and 11 months. Hypsarrhythmia was first observed at the age
      of 10 months, and markedly improved after ACTH therapy with concomitant increase
      in the enzyme activity of erythrocytes.

PMID- 168666
TI  - Reticuloendothelial system function test using 131I-labeled aggregated albumin.
AB  - The reticuloendothelial system function test using 131I-labeled aggregated human
      albumin (131IAA) as test particle is thought to be one of the best methods for
      the study of RES function of human beings. This method needs a large amount of
      131IAA, but 131IAA has been used as a tracer of liver scintiscanning, and we
      tired to study RES function by using commercially available 131IAA specially made
      as tracer of liver scintiscanning. Because the amount of 131IAA used in this
      study was smaller than the critical dosis, our interest was focussed on the
      catabolic activity of 131IAA phagocytized by Kupffer's cells. The plasma obtained
      60 min after 131IAA injection was fractionated into two distinct peaks by gel
      column chromatography; ionic 131I and protein-bound 131IAA. The ratio between
      ionic 131I and bound 131IAA (F/B ratio) was studied in various diseases. The F/B
      ratios of liver cirrhosis and hepatoma were significantly lower than that of the
      control. The lowered F/B ratio had no correlation with other liver function
      tests, data of hepatic scintiscanning, or with clinical findings. The F/B ratio
      was also not correlated with congo red index as RES function test.

PMID- 168667
TI  - Studies on the hepatic effects of orally administered di-)2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
      in the rat.

PMID- 168669
TI  - Influence of chronic exposure to cadmium on hepatic and renal cyclic AMP-protein
      kinase system.
AB  - Daily intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride (0.25 or 1 mg/kg) to rats for
      45 days significantly elevated the endogenous levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in
      hepatic tissue. However, the cAMP binding to hepatic protein kinase was decreased
      following cadmium administration, as was the kinase activity ratio. Although both
      doses of cadmium produced slight alterations in the cAMP-independent form of
      hepatic protein kinase, only the 1.0 mg/kg dose significantly depressed (24%) the
      activity of the cAMP-dependent enzyme. In contrast to liver, chronic exposure to
      cadmium significantly reduced the endogenous cAMP levels in kidney cortex.
      Although treatment with the lower dose (0.25 mg/kg) failed to alter either the
      cAMP-binding capacity of the renal enzyme or the kinase activity ratio, the
      higher dose (1 mg/kg) of cadmium did cause a significant increase in both
      parameters. In addition, cadmium treatment produced a significant decrease in
      both the cAMP-dependent and the independent forms of protein kinase in kidney
      cortex. Data suggest that the concentration of cAMP as well as its interaction
      with cAMP-dependent and independent forms of protein kinase, are altered in both
      kidney and liver following the prolonged exposure to cadmium.

PMID- 168668
TI  - Assessment of the teratogenic potential of surfactants. Part III--dermal
      application of LAS and soap.
AB  - The surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) was examined for embryotoxic
      and teratogenic potential following percutaneous administration. Solutions
      containing, 0.03, 0.3 and 3% LAS were applied to shaved skin during pregnancy
      days 2-13 in mice, 2-15 in rats and 1-16 in rabbits. Dosages employed were 0.5
      ml/rat or mouse/day and 10 ml/rabbit/day. For comparison further groups of rats
      and mice were similarly treated with concentrations of 0.3, 3 and 30% of a
      standard soap solution. Marked maternal toxicity in the form of local skin
      reaction, irritability, weight loss and failure to maintain or establish
      pregnancy was evident in mice treated with LAS 3% or soap, 3 or 30%; marked local
      reaction and weight loss also occurred in rabbits receiving LAS 3% but the
      reduction in the number of pregnancies maintained was not significant. Moderate
      maternal toxicity was observed among mice treated with LAS, 0.3% and mild
      maternal toxicity in rats receiving LAS 3% or soap 30% and rabbits receiving LAS
      0.3%. Effects on litter parameters were generally restricted to dosages causing
      marked maternal toxicity in mice, the principal effects being higher foetal loss
      (with consequent reduction in viable litter size) arising from an increased
      incidence of total litter losses. When dams showing total litter loss were
      excluded from the calculations, litter parameters were not unduly different from
      those of controls. Although LAS at 3% was considered to show marked maternal
      toxicity in the rabbit, the slightly higher foetal loss and lower litter size did
      not differ significantly from control values.

PMID- 168670
TI  - Teratology studies of a mixture of tallow alkyl ethoxylate and linear
      alkylbenzene sulfonate in rats and rabbits.
AB  - A mixture of 55% tallow alkyl ethoxylate sulfate (TAE3S) and 45% of linear
      alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) was fed to two generations of rats at dietary levels
      of 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0%. The rats were fed the surfactant mixture either continuously
      or during the organogenesis (days 6-15) period of six  pregnancies. In addition,
      pregnant New Zealand rabbits were given 50, 100 or 300 mg/kg doses of the
      surfactant mixture by intubation on days 2-16 of gestation during a single
      pregnancy. No adverse effects were noted on conception, fetal viability or post
      natal survival in either generation of rats. There were no statistical
      differences among the groups of rat fetuses taken by Caesarian section and
      examined for birth defects. Of 1210 rat fetuses, the overall incidence of
      abnormal young was 9.0%. Similarly, no adverse effects were seen in rabbits
      treated with the surfactant mixture. Of 855 rabbit fetuses, 5.7% were abnormal,
      but the incidences of defective fetuses in the test groups were not significantly
      different from those in controls. Thus, no test related effects were seen on
      reproduction or embryonic development in either animal species.

PMID- 168671
TI  - Relation of the pituitary gland to gonadal hormone effects on the adrenocortical
      11beta-hydroxylase system in rats.
AB  - Studies were conducted to further examine the mechanisms responsible for gonadal
      hormone effects on the rat adrenocortical 11beta-hydroxylase system. Despite
      higher concentrations of cytochrome P-450 and larger 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC)
      induced difference spectra in adrenal mitochondria from females than males, no
      sex difference in 11beta-hydroxylase activity was observed. The pregnenolone
      induced difference spectrum, indicative of cholesterol binding to cytochrome P
      450, also was similar in males and females. Testosterone administration to
      castrated males lowered both 11beta-hydroxylase activity and mitochondrial
      cytochrome P-450 content. Estradiol produced the opposite effects in castrated
      females. However, when given to ACTH-replaced hypophysectomized rats, neither
      testosterone nor estradiol affected cytochrome P-450 levels or the rate of 11beta
      hydroxylation. These observations, taken with the known effects of estradiol and
      testosterone on ACTH secretion in rats and the effects of ACTH on 11beta
      hydroxylation, indicate that gonadal hormone effects on the 11beta-hydroxylase
      system are mediated by ACTH.

PMID- 168672
TI  - Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence and cortical blood flow in
      ischemic and nonischemic squirrel monkey cortex. 1. animal preparation,
      instrumentation, and validity of model.
AB  - Reduce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence was recorded from an
      avascular area on the squirrel monkey cortex prior to, during, and after focal
      incomplete ischemia. By using the instrumentation described, stable recordings
      were obtained free from hemoglobin artifact and with only minimal
      photodecomposition. Pentobarital was compared to urethane and halothane as the
      anesthetic agent and was found acceptable for these types of studies in the
      dosages used. NADH levels were constant prior to ischemia, increased during
      ischemia, returned to pre-ischemic levels after restoration of blood flow, and
      then increased greatly at death produced by anoxia. The use of the infrared
      microscope for semiquantitative measurements of cortical blood flow throughout
      the duration of these acute studies was investigated and found to the reliable.

PMID- 168673
TI  - Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence and cortical blood flow in
      ischemic and nonischemic squirrel monkey cortex. 2. effects of alterations in
      arterial carbon dioxide tension, blood pressure, and blood volume.
AB  - The fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) from
      cerebral cortex was measured before, during, and after middle cerebral artery
      (MCA) occlusion and then at death of the animal. In normal cortex, NADH remained
      constant throughout a wide range of variations in blood pressure and Paco2. In
      ischemic cortex, NADH levels were higher in hypovolemic hypotensive animals than
      in normotensive normovolemic animals. Neither hypercapnia nor hypocapnia was
      effective in decreasing NADH in regions of ischemia, but the latter was
      associated with a degree of hypotension that interfered with interpretation of
      data. NADH returned to normal with restoration of flow, supporting the
      reversibility of this degree of ischemia. The high levels of NADH at death,
      compared to those during ischemia, are consistent with incomplete ischemia in
      this model of cerebral infarction.

PMID- 168674
TI  - Bile composition and bile cast formation after transplantation of the liver in
      man.
AB  - Transplantation of the liver in man is frequently complicated by biliary fistula
      and obstruction of the biliary tree by casts, which suggests that the composition
      of the bile may be abnormal. In part of the present study, bile composition was
      investigated in three recipients during the first few weeks after
      transplantation, when a T tube was in place. Supersaturation of bile with
      cholesterol was found in two patients immediately after surgery and during
      episodes of acute rejection, but bile was never lithogenic in the third. There
      was no evidence of bile stasis in the absence of acute rejection and bile
      viscosity was normal in all three patients throughout the study. Free bile acids
      and free bilirubin, which are relatively insoluble products of bacterial
      metabolism, were not present in the bile of any patient. However, chemical
      analysis of casts found at autopsy in a fourth recipient showed that the major
      component was free bilirubin. Escherichia coli was grown in cultures of the casts
      and the organisms were shown to possess glucuronidase activity, thus providing an
      explanation for the high bilirubin content. There was also some evidence in one
      case that damage to the bile duct mucosa has led to the precipitation of material
      upon it, and it is concluded that a number of factors, including infection,
      supersaturation with cholesterol, and mucosal damage, may be involved in bile
      case formation after transplantation of the liver.

PMID- 168675
TI  - Detection of hepatoma associated embryonic antigen in tumour-bearer serum.
AB  - Embryonic antigen associated with an aminoazo dye-induced rat hepatoma was
      identified in the serum from rats bearing progressively growing tumours.
      Antigenic activity in serum samples was detected by their capacity to neutralize
      multiparous rat serum antibody reacting with surface embryonic antigens expressed
      upon viable hepatoma cells as assessed with use of the indirect membrane
      immunofluorescence test. Serum taken at various states of tumour growth from
      hepatoma-bearing rats was separated by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration column
      chromatography at pH 7.3 and pH 2.8 with use of procedures designed to identify
      free circulating antigen and antigen derived from immune complexes. Hepatoma
      associated embryonic antigen was demonstrable in tumour-bearer serum in a free
      form most markedly in the later stages after implantation of tumour cells (from
      the end of the 2nd week to the 5th week of tumour growth). Antigenic activity in
      fractions derived from immune complexes was detected earlier during tumour
      development (from day 8 after tumour induction), and this was present in all
      serum samples taken up to the 5th week after tumour cell inoculation.

PMID- 168676
TI  - [Regenerative growth of asvitic hepatoma 22A].
AB  - A study was made of the recurrent growth of ascite hepatoma 22A, occurring at
      transplantation of 11-12-day old tumours to new hosts. The mitotic activity of
      the hepatoma was found to increase by 3 to 4 times (12-15 hours after
      inoculation). This increased cell proliferation is due mainly to a sharp
      shortening of all the periods of mitotic cycle. During the recurrent growth, the
      resting R1 cells resume their mitotic cycle. No resumption of the mitotic cycle
      by the resting R2 cells was observed

PMID- 168677
TI  - Review: ultrasonic diagnosis of breast cancer.

PMID- 168678
TI  - [Glomus tumor of arterio-venous anastomoses].
AB  - Collected data of 74 national authors comprising 267 glomus tumors are reported.
      Based on these data and 49 personal authors' observations the clinic,
      pathogenesis, pathological anatomy and diagnosis of this rather rare lesion are
      described. Surgical intervention consisting in total removal of the tumor
      together with its capsule is the only proper method of treatment for the Barre
      Masson disease.

PMID- 168680
TI  - Veterinary aspects of salmonid fish farming: husbandry diseases.
AB  - Most disease problems affecting farmed salmonid fish are either caused or
      exacerbated by bad husbandry and poor environmental conditions. The aspects of
      water quality and nutrition which are significant in causing husbandry problems
      are considered. The clinical aspects of these diseases are decribed in terms of
      the life cycle of salmonids, and methods of prevention are discussed.

PMID- 168679
TI  - [Serum and liver lipase activity in chickens during the 1st month of life].
AB  - Method according to DIRSTINE (1968) was employed to study the activities of serum
      and liver lipase in White Leghorn cockerels during early post-incubation
      ontogenesis; as to serum lipase, two embryo intervals were also studied (the 13th
      and 20th day of incubation). From the average value of 4.4 ummol (13th day),
      serum lipase activity increased to the average value of 7.5 ummol (20th day). The
      first day after hatching the average value was 3.5 ummol which remained almost
      unchanged until the 9th day, with the exception of a slight drop the third day;
      an increase of activities was observed on the 13th day (4.9 ummol), 15th day (3.5
      ummol), 21st day (7.6 ummol), 22nd day (5.5 ummol), and 24th day (8.8 ummol). The
      minimum average activity of 2.5 ummol was measured the 32nd day. Liver lipase
      activity was observed to drop from the first-day starting value of 20.6 ummol to
      9.8 ummol (the second day), with a subsequent increase to 14.9 ummol (the 4th
      day). The maximum values were recorded the 13th day (26.2 ummol) and the 15th day
      (28.7 ummol) whereas the minimum average value was obtained the 32nd day (6.3
      ummol). Liver lipase activity drop on the second day of age and serum lipase
      activity drop on the third day with subsequent increase are probably associated
      with the change from yolk-sac nutrition to feeding per os. Some stabilization of
      serum and liver lipase occurs the 32nd day; the values found in adult fowl were
      almost the same as the 32nd day values.

PMID- 168681
TI  - Trials with Marek's disease vaccines prepared from a turkey herpes virus and an
      attenuated Marek's disease virus.
AB  - In field trials involving over 224,000 fowls in 11 different commercial flocks,
      three vaccines were used, namely a freeze-dried vaccine prepared from a turkey
      herpes virus, a cell-associated virus vaccine prepared from the same isolate and
      a cell-associated vaccine prepared from a strain of Marek's disease virus
      isolated from a fowl. The mortality from Marek's disease was reduced by 80 per
      cent to 95 per cent in birds vaccinated with the freeze-dried vaccine. Cell
      associated vaccines gave slightly less protection.

PMID- 168682
TI  - Viral glycoprotein synthesis under conditions of glucosamine block in cells
      transformed by avian sarcoma viruses.

PMID- 168683
TI  - Analysis of host range of nontransforming polyoma virus mutants.

PMID- 168684
TI  - Nonhistone virion proteins of polyoma: characterisation of the particle proteins
      by tryptic peptide analysis by use of ion-exchange columns.

PMID- 168685
TI  - The morphogenesis of human cytomegalovirus. Isolation and polypeptide
      characterization of cytomegalovirions and dense bodies.

PMID- 168687
TI  - Physical characteristic of herpesvirions: low-temperature and osmotic-shock
      studies.

PMID- 168686
TI  - Biochemical characterization of tumor-specific cell surface antigens on avian
      oncornavirus transformed cells.

PMID- 168688
TI  - Enhancement of SV40 transformation by treatment of C3H2K cells with UV light and
      caffeine. I. Combined effect of UV light and caffeine.

PMID- 168689
TI  - The organization of the proteins of vesicular stomatitis virions: labeling with
      pyridoxal phosphate.

PMID- 168690
TI  - [Changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the level of thiamine
      diphosphatase in simulations of B1 avitaminosis].
AB  - Alimentary B1 avitaminosis was attended by a declining activity of alkaline
      phosphatase in the brain and spleen of rats. A single administration of
      oxythiamine to rats in a dose of 400 mg/kg produced during the first hours an
      increased activity of alkaline phosphatase in the liver, brain and, to a lesser
      extent, in a number of other organs and reduced the thiamine-diphosphate content
      in the liver, brain and other tissues. The thiamin-diphosphate level in the brain
      returned back to normal in 12 hours, and in other tissues-towards the 3--5th day.
      In 24 hours after introduction of oxythiamine the activity of alkaline
      phosphatase was up in the liver alone, while in the brain the activity of the
      enzyme decreased. Thiamine, used in a dose of 400 mg/kg, exerted on the activity
      of alkaline phosphatase in a number of tissues an action similar to that of
      oxythiamine. It is suggested that the activation of alkaline phosphatase 3--12
      hours following adminstration of a large dose of thiamine or oxythiamine is of a
      non-specific nature. Subcutaneous introduction of a commercial alkaline
      phosphatase preparation to rats brought down the thiamine-diphosphate level in
      all of the tissues under investigation. The presumed mechanisms accounting for
      the fall of thiamine-diphosphate and the possible part played in this process by
      alkaline phosphatase are discussed.

PMID- 168691
TI  - 4-Nitrobenzoic acid reductase of Ascaris lumbricoides var suum. Substrate
      specificity and reaction products.
AB  - 1. The substrate specificity of nitro-reductase from Ascaris lumbricoides varsum
      was determined. This enzyme reduced nitrobenzene, 4-nitrohippuric acid and the
      isomers of nitrophenol, nitroanisole, nitrobenzoic acid, nitrobenzaldehyde and
      nitrobenzyl alcohol. The same enzyme preparation reduced azobenzene, 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene and 1,2-dimethyl-4-(4-carboxyphenylazo)-5-hydroxybenzene.
      Nitrobenzaldehyde isomers were not reduced to the alcohols. 2. The products of
      nitro- and azo-reduction were the corresponding amines, no hydroxylamino or
      hydrazo compounds were detected. 3. The pH optima and cofactor requirements were
      the same for both azo- and nitro-reduction and neither reaction was inhibited by
      oxygen. 4. Ammonium sulphate fractionation failed to separate azo- and nitro
      reductase activities. The molecular weight of both azo- and nitro-reductase was
      about 130 000.

PMID- 168693
TI  - [Influence of fenoterol of cAMP levels and motility on the rat uterus in vitro
      (author's transl)].
AB  - CAMP levels of isolated rat uteri (2nmol/g wwt) were increased by Fenoterol (10(
      4)--1 mug/ml) in a dose dependent manner reaching concentrations of more than
      10nmol/g withing 2--5 min. AT 2 TIMES 10(-3) MUG/ML Fenoterol inhibited
      spontaneous contractions of the rat uterus in vitro. A 10,000 fold higher dosis
      of Fenoterol was needed to elicit a similar degree of inhibition, when
      contractions were induced by 0.6 mU/ml Oxytocin. However cAMP levels were
      elevated by Fenoterol in presence of Oxytocin, uterine contractions were not
      inhibited, i.e. the elevation of cAMP after administration of Fenoterol is
      correlated with a relaxant effect only in uteri contracting spontaneously.

PMID- 168694
TI  - [A spectrophotometric method for the determination of serum cholinesterase
      variants with succinyl choline as substrate (author's transl)].
AB  - A simple and rapid method for the estimation of the hydrolysis of succinyl
      choline by serum cholinesterase variants is described. Succinyl choline, as
      substrate for the enzyme assay, has many advantages over other substrates (acetyl
      choline, benzoyl choline and butyryl choline) which have no clinical application.
      Choline, the hydrolytic product of succinyl choline, is oxidized to betaine
      aldehyde by choline oxidase (EC 1.1.99.1), a rat liver mitochondrial preparation;
      this is coupled to the reduction of cytochrome c which is measured at 550 nm.
      Fifty normal sera (UU), 17 heterozygous (UA) and 8 atypical (AA) were tested with
      this method, and on the basis of resistance to dibucaine (Cinchocain; Kalow, W. &
      Genest, K. (1957) Canad. J. Biochem. Physiol. 35, 339-346) inhibition, three
      distinct groups could be established using succinyl choline as substrate. These
      results are comparable with the standard optical method of Kalow & Genest (cf.
      above) using benzoyl choline as substrate.

PMID- 168692
TI  - Arenaviruses.

PMID- 168695
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of serum deoxycorticosterone: normal values and changes of serum
      deoxycorticosterone after adrenal stimulation.
AB  - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for estimating serum deoxycorticosterone is
      described which involves descending "overrunning" paper chromatography. An
      ethanolic paper eluate is used as a solvent for unlabelled deoxycorticosterone in
      the preparation of the standard curve. The values of the water blanks (7 ng/l)
      are similar to the sensitivity of the standard curve (5.8 ng/l). The normal mean
      serum concentration of deoxycorticosterone was found to be 84 +/- 29 ng/l (n =
      30) in males and 55 +/- 31 ng/l (n = 35) in females. Serum deoxycorticosterone
      rose in healthy subjects upon injection of ACTH, after induction of insulin
      hypoglycemia and after administration of metyrapone, while the rise was absent or
      blunted in patients with Addison's disease and in patients with pituitary
      failure.

PMID- 168696
TI  - [Soft tissue tumours on the back of the knee].
AB  - Soft tissue tumours behind the knee have rarely been described in literature. We
      have studied 74 patients with 79 tumours and pseudotumours in this area, and made
      a survey about pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, differentialdiagnosis and
      operative treatment. We have pointed out the varying nomenclature and confusion
      in definition ob a bursa and Baker's synovial herniation. The analysis of the
      casuistry showed predominantly gangliae, bursae and Baker's cysts. We have given
      special prominence to subfascial lipoma, malignant synovioma and nerve tumours as
      rare conditiones. Our own cases of synovioma and nerve tumours have been
      separately described.

PMID- 168698
TI  - Breast carcinoma.

PMID- 168697
TI  - [Compression arthrodesis of the knee joint].
AB  - The results of 42 cases of compression arthrodesis of the knee joint during a 5.5
      years period are reviewed. Main indications were degenerative, rheumatoid and
      posttraumatic arthrosis and tuberculosis of the knee joint. Other differential
      indications and the operative procedure following the Charnley-Muller method are
      described. The complications - pseudarthrosis, infection, false rotation - are
      discussed.

PMID- 168699
TI  - [Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome].

PMID- 168700
TI  - [Vacuolisation of odontoblasts and regressive metamorphoses from viewpoint of
      pulp-dentin system function].
AB  - The authors, after presenting a critical definition of the problems dealt with in
      their present paper in addition to giving an evaluation there of from the point
      of view of a constant increase of knowledge, describe the biological functions of
      the cell with particular reference to the cell's vacuolar apparatus. They then
      characterize the pulpodentinal system, outlining the functional adaptation of the
      endodontal vascular apparatus in the light of intrascopic results, the clinical
      importance of which is discussed at length.

PMID- 168701
TI  - [A new butyric acid-producing bacteroides species: B. splanchnicus n. sp.
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Three butyric acid-producing saccharolytic Bacteroides cultures (1651/6, BM 158,
      and IPP 3751) were described by WERNER and REICHERTZ in 1971 (Zbl.Bakt.Hyg., I.
      Abt. Orig. A 217,206-216). Since then, 6 strains closely resembling 1651/6 were
      isolated from stool specimens and surgically removed appendices. In the present
      communication, strains 1651/6, S2/34, S3/38, S4/28, S6/6, A5/2 are described as
      members of a new species, Bacteroides splanchnicus n.sp. The strains were
      morphologically very similar (Gram negative non-sporing non-motile rods, 1-2.5 mu
      in length and 0.7 mu in width) and fermented glucose, fructose, galactose,
      mannose, lactose, and arabinose (pH values of 4.6-5.4, moderate gas formation).
      Negative reactions (pH values of 5.8-7.2) were observed with 20 other
      carbohydrates. The strains were positive in the glutamic acid decarboxylase test
      and formed indole and H2S. In peptone-yeast extract broth and peptone-yeast
      extract-glucose broth acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, and isovaleric
      acids were produced. Washed cells of strains 1651/6 and S4/28 incubated
      anaerobically in sterile solutions of single amino acids produced butyrate from
      lysine only. Abundant butyric acid was also produced from glucose. The in vitro
      activity of 15 antibiotics on 5 strains was studied by broth dilution tests.
      Uniformly, the strains showed resistance to aminoglycosides and polymyxins (MIC
      values, 60-500 mug/ml) and susceptibility to tetracyclines, lincomycin,
      clindamycin, rifampicin, and erythromycin (MIC values, 0.05-0.5 mug/ml).
      Chloramphenicol, penicillins, and cephalosporins showed bacteriostatic activity
      at concentrations of 5-40 mug/ml. The serological behaviour of 5 strains was
      studied in cross-agglutination and gel-diffusion experiments. Cross-reactivity
      was pronounced in gel-diffusion tests using rabbit antisera and autoclaved
      extracts and extracts prepared by repeated deep-freezing and thawing of whole
      cell suspensions as antigens. However, antisera against the B. splanchnicus
      strains did not react with antigens of B. fragilis 6869, B. thetaiotaomicron AS
      126, B. vulgatus AM 45 a, B. distasonis AII 104 and butyric acid-producing
      strains BM 158 and IPP 3751 in agglutination and gel-diffusion experiments, and
      there were no cross-reactions between B. splanchnicus antigens and antisera
      against B. fragilis 6869 and the other aforementioned strains. The new species
      has been confirmed by members of the ICSB Taxonomic Subcommittee for Gram
      negative anaerobic rods. Strains 1651/6 and S4/28 have been deposited in The
      National Collection of Type Cultures, London (NCTC numbers 10825 and 10826).
      Strain NCTC 10825 (= 1651/6) is the type of the species, B. splanchnicus.

PMID- 168702
TI  - [One aspect of evolutionary pharmacology. Oligomerization of cholinoreceptors
      during development of the animal kingdom].

PMID- 168703
TI  - [Participation of 3',5'-AMP in the primary mechanisms of exteroreceptive
      processes].

PMID- 168704
TI  - [Several evolutionary problems in modern neurophysiology].

PMID- 168705
TI  - [Respiratory muscle activity in newborn children during sleep and wakefulness].
AB  - Two types of electrical activity - inspiratory and tonic (postural) ones - have
      been registered in the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm. Both types of
      the activity decrease during orthodoxical sleep as compared with the period of
      quiet awakefulness. During the transition of orthodoxical sleep into paradoxical
      one, tonic activity is completely inhibited, while inspiratory activity in the
      intercostal muscles remains unchanged, being increased in the diaphragm. In the
      period of rapid eye movements inspiratory activity of the intercostal muscles is
      reduced. The decreased tone of the intercostal muscles accounts for changes in
      respiratory movements and for the onset of asynchoronous thoracic and abdominal
      respiratory movements during paradoxical sleep.

PMID- 168706
TI  - Oxidation processes and ubiquinone localization in the branched respiratory
      system of mi-1 mutant of Neurospora crassa.
AB  - 1. Stimulation of succinate oxidation in mi-1 mitochondria by Mg2+ and Pi is
      abolished on uncoupling, which points to the energy-linked activation of
      succinate oxidation. 2. Mitochondria exhibited respiratory control with succinate
      and NADH when the cyanide-insensitive oxidation was inhibited by
      salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). SHAM lowered the oxidation rate with NADH and
      succinate to the same level, though the NADH oxidation rate was 2.5 times as high
      as with succinate. 3. Despite the high stimulation of succinate oxidation via the
      SHAM-sensitive pathway in the active and controlled state of mitochondria, the
      redox state of UQ in all metabolic states remains unchanged. On inhibition of the
      cyanide-insensitive pathway, UQ reduction is greatly increased only in the
      controlled and active state. With NADH as a substrate, UQ does not respond to the
      metabolic states of mitochondria. 4. The redox changes of cytochrome c parallel
      those of UQ. 5. Branching of the respiratory chain in mi-1 mitochondria is
      discussed.

PMID- 168708
TI  - [Multiple malignant tumors].
AB  - The cases of six tumour patients are presented. One patient had four, the others
      three or two primary cancers in 12 years. The importance of keeping operated
      patients under supervision is pointed out and it is stressed that on the
      appearance of a new tumour the physician must not suppose incurability. In the
      case of gastrointestinal malignomas attention should be paid to cancer to the
      skin.

PMID- 168709
TI  - Short-loop feedback mechanism of luteinizing hormone: LH stimulated hypothalamic
      L-cystine arylamidase to inactivate LH-RH in the rat hypothalamus.
AB  - The effect of the intravenous administration of several hormones on L-cystine
      arylamidase in the hypothalamus of the rat was examined.  The injection of 10 mug
      LH into adult male and female rats was followed within 90 min by an increase of
      the enzyme activity by 50%, while infantile animals were not affected.  When
      prepuberal rats were pretreated sc with testosterone and progesterone.  The iv
      injection of 0.1 mug oestradiol-17beta into female, and of 0.5 mug testosterone
      into male intact mature rats also resulted in an increase of hypothalamic enzyme
      activity.  The maximal increase in enzyme activity was seen 16 h after steroid
      treatment.  As it had previously been shown that L-cystine arylamidase
      inactivates LH-RH, it may be assumed that this enzyme is involved in the short
      loop feedback of LH.  This assumption is based on the observation that an
      elevation of plasma LH brings about an activation of the enzyme system, which
      subsequently leads to an increased inactivation of LH-RH in the hypothalamus. 
      This mechanism seems to depend on the presence of certain plasma levels of
      oestrogen in female, and of testosterone in male animals.

PMID- 168707
TI  - Universality of gonadotropic hormone effect. Effect of mammalian FSH on the
      ovotestis of the snail Helix pomatia.
AB  - Gonadotropic hormone (FSH) stimulated markedly spermatogenesis in the ovotestis
      of snails. This is indicative of the presence of receptors sensitive to
      gonadotropic hormone in snail spermatogonia. FSH had no influence on oogenesis.

PMID- 168710
TI  - The specificity and application of a radioimmunoassay for the alpha-subunit of
      luteinizing hormone in man.
AB  - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for the alpha-subunit of LH has been developed. 
      Differences in the immunopotency of LH, FSH, and subunit preparations were found
      and are described in detail.  The assay has been applied to the measurement of
      circulating levels of alpha-subunit; higher levels of alpha-subunit were found in
      post-menopausal than in pre-menopausal women, or  men, and a rise in alpha
      subunit was seen after LH-RH but not TRH administration.  Elevated levels of free
      alpha-subunit were found in foetal cord blood at term.  These results suggest
      that the alpha-subunit circulates independently of the intact pituitary and
      placental glycoprotein hormones.

PMID- 168711
TI  - Influence of corticotrophin on urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion in
      adrenalectomized females.
AB  - Urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids was measured during dexamethasone
      substitution followed by ACTH (Synacthen Depot, 1 mg daily) in 10 non-virilized
      adrenalectomized women.  No significant changes could be demonstrated indicating
      ovarian androgenic dependence of ACTH in non-virilized females.

PMID- 168712
TI  - The effects of LH-RH on the concentration of 3',5'-cyclic AMP and RNA synthesis
      in rat anterior pituitary.
AB  - In an experiment performed to investigate the effect of LH-RH on the anterior
      pituitary of rats, we studied the changes in the concentration of 3',5'-cyclic
      AMP in the anterior pituitary and the uridine uptake by the anterior pituitary
      following the intravenous injection of 100 ng LH-RH. The results obtained are
      summarized as follows: 1) The tissue level of 3',5'-cyclic AMP in the anterior
      pituitary reached the highest peak 15 min after the injection of LH-RH. 2) The
      uridine uptake of the anterior pituitary began to increase 15 min after the LH-RH
      injection and attained a maximum level (5 to 6 times the normal level) in 30 min.
      3) The fact that the uridine uptake was inhibited to a considerable extent by the
      addition of actinomycin D to the incubation medium suggested that uridine was
      incorporated into the RNA fraction.

PMID- 168713
TI  - The importance of sodium balance on the effect of angiotensin II on aldosterone
      production.
AB  - The action of angiotensin II on the adrenal cortex can be modified by body sodium
      balance. The secretion rate of aldosterone was compared with the late
      biosynthetic pathway in dogs kept under different sodium states. The conversion
      of corticosterone (B) to aldosterone was significantly increased by the infusion
      of angiotensin II into sodium depleted dogs. ACTH infusion failed to increase the
      late aldosterone pathway in sodium depleted animals, even though the secretion
      rate increased by 10 times. These results confirm previously indirect evidence
      that angiotensin II has a direct stimulatory effect on the late step of
      aldosterone biosynthesis. This stimulation does not appear to be the result of
      enzyme-substrate activation by aldosterone precursors. The results favour the
      hypothesis that sodium balance can modulate the action of angiotensin II not only
      on the first steps, but that there is also a regulatory effect on the conversion
      of corticosterone to aldosterone.

PMID- 168714
TI  - Diurnal variations of plasma aldosterone in supine man: relationship to plasma
      renin activity and plasma cortisol.
AB  - In order to investigate the role of renin secretion and of ACTH on the circadian
      rhythm of plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma cortisol
      (PC) and PA were determined at short-time intervals in 10 normal supine men. Six
      subjects were studied under a normal sodium intake and 4 under sodium
      restriction. In 4 subjects the secretion of ACTH was suppressed by dexamethasone.
      Under normal sodium intake changes in PA seemed to be more in parallel with
      changes in PC than by those in PRA as indicated by a higher significant
      correlation between PA and PC than between PA and PRA in 3 of the 4 subjects. In
      1 subject no correlation was observed between PA and PC despite visual
      synchronism between the plasma concentrations of both hormones. Under
      dexamethasone medication fluctuations in PA were followed by those in PRA while
      PC was less than 2 mug/100 ml. In the sodium restricted state, changes in PA were
      closely paralleled and significantly correlated to PRA while no correlation was
      seen between PA and PC. Under dexamethasone medication the significant
      correlation between PA and PRA persisted. Our results indicate that in normal
      supine man the influence of ACTH and renin on PA may vary with different sodium
      intakes. Under normal sodium intake ACTH seems to be the dominant factor
      controlling PA, whereas under sodium restriction changes in PA are mediated
      through the renin angiotensin system. When the secretion of ACTH is suppressed by
      dexamethasone, renin controls PA both under normal and low sodium intake.

PMID- 168715
TI  - An in vitro method to study the participation of various components in autoimmune
      hemolytic anemia.
AB  - A method is described which allows for the in vitro evaluation of various
      etiological components in autoimmune hemolytic anemia. As an example of the
      applicability of the technique, erythrocytes and serum from a patient with an
      autoimmune hemolytic anemia suspected to be due to poliovirus III were tested
      with poliovirus III and complement. Incubation of the patient's cells with
      complement, poliovirus and autologous serum was required for optimal in vitro
      fragility. The method is proposed as a practical and convenient in vitro
      technique for evaluating the participation of individual components in the
      pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemias.

PMID- 168716
TI  - Parallel tubular structures in lymphocytes. I. Occurrence in patients with
      Hodgkin's Disease.
AB  - Investigations with the electron microscope on peripheral blood of patients with
      Hodgkin's disease revealed parallel tubular structures in the cytoplasm of the
      lymphocytes, similar to those described in the literature. In normal subjects 2
      9% of the lymphocytes were found to contain these structures. The number of such
      lymphocytes is increased in most patients as compared to normals. A correlation
      between an increase of inclusions containing lymphocytes and the histological or
      clinical classifications could not be established. An elevation of lymphocytes
      with tubular structures could be found in both favourable and unfavourable
      histological and clinical subgroups of Hodgkin patients, but especially in all
      groups with an unfavourable prognosis. The origin and function of the parallel
      tubular structures is still unknown, but their increase in lymphocytes of
      patients with Hodgkin's disease is of some interest in view of the involvement of
      these cells.

PMID- 168717
TI  - Paradoxical sleep characteristics and cultural environment. Preliminary results.
AB  - The Temiars are a tribe of negroid pygmies of basically Proto-Malaysian
      affinities. Field-work in the Malaysian jungle provided some observations on the
      sleep-wakefulness cycle of two young Temiar adults. This cycle was monophasic
      circumstances permitting. Their rest-activity cycle at night was similar in the
      jungle and in the laboratory. Polygraphic total night-sleep recordings were made
      with both of them in the EEG laboratory in the Hospital Besar in Kuala Lumpur.
      The eye-movement frequencies of PS were compared with those from young adults of
      the West. Although the differences were not statistically significant, the Rem
      densities of the Temiars were constantly at the low side. The significance of the
      results are being discussed.

PMID- 168718
TI  - Correlation between incorporation of myo-(2-3H)inositol into the
      phosphatidylinositol of lymphocytes and disability degree, stage and duration of
      multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The present study revealed a positive correlation between the degree of
      disability of MS patients and the rate of incorporation of myo-(2-3-H)inositol
      into phosphatidylinositol of lymphocytes stimulated with basic protein (BP) and
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA). No correlation could be found between the response of
      lymphocytes to measles antigen (MA) and the degree of disability, stage and
      duration of multiple sclerosis. No correlation could be observed between the
      response of lymphocytes to the stimulants studied and the duration of the
      disease.

PMID- 168719
TI  - Experimental parainfluenza type 1 virus-induced encephalomyelopathy in adult
      mouse: a histopathological study.
AB  - The pathogenicity of a strain of parainfluenza type 1 virus, isolated from the
      cultured brain cells from multiple sclerosis patients and designated as 6/94
      virus, was studied in mouse brain. Selective degeneration of cerebral white
      matter, preceded by mononuclear cell infiltration, and ependymitis were prominent
      pathological features of the mouse intracerebrally inoculated with 6/94 virus.
      After inactivation by ultraviolet light the virus was still capable of producing
      the inflammatory and degenerative white matter lesions, although the severity of
      ependymitis was substantially reduced.

PMID- 168720
TI  - Nuclear characteristics of malignant lymphoma in the brain.
AB  - In addition to chromatin and nucleoli, various classes of structures were often
      seen in nuclei of malignant lymphoma, when compared with other brain tumours.
      Interchromatin, perichromatin, and atypical dense granules could be
      ribonucleoprotein in nature on basis of their behaviours in enzymatic extraction
      and EDTA stain. The perichromatin fibrils became visible at the border of the
      condensed chromatin only after EDTA stain and might contain substrate for HnRNA.
      Nuclear bodies and intranuclear fibrillar rodlets also were evident.

PMID- 168721
TI  - Morphological classification of malignant lymphomas: ultrastructural,
      cytochemical and immunological results.
AB  - Except for tumors clearly producing immunoglobulin (e.g. plasma-cytoma), the
      different classes of malignant lymphomas do not correlate with a constant surface
      immunoglobulin pattern. Beside a prevailing IgM-surface type in a high number of
      different lymphoma classes even T-like or O-cells occur in most tumor types
      provided they are studied in a sufficient number. The possibility of
      dedifferentiation of immunologic cell qualities has to be envisaged. In this
      context intracellular lambda-chain crystals occurring in chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia may provide a morphological hallmark of anaplastic deterioration of
      immunoglobulin synthesis. - The ambiguous significance of PAS-positive inclusions
      and virus-like microtubular complexes in lymphoma cells is discussed. - In
      conclusion the recent discovery of hairy cell leukaemia provides a good example
      of the value of nomenclatures based on empiricism rather than on short-lived
      theories.

PMID- 168723
TI  - Primary lymphoreticuloses of the nervous system in animals.
AB  - Lymphoreticular proliferative disorders occur in most species of animals
      including submammalian vertebrates but only occasionally affect the nervous
      system. Primary lymphoreticular disorders of the nervous system have been
      recognized in chickens as a herpesvirus-induced avian neurolymphomatosis and in
      mammals, patricularly in the dog, as reticulum cell sarcomas originating from
      perivascular mesenchymal precursor cells. Criteria have been discussed to
      distinguish neoplastic from inflammatory lymphoreticuloses but borderline cases
      exist where a clear distinction is not always possible.

PMID- 168722
TI  - Origin of brain macrophages and the nature of the so-called microglia.
AB  - Two aspects of the so-called microglia were studied by silver impregnation and 3H
      TdR ARG in light and electron microscopy. (1) So-called microglioblasts are
      glioblasts differentiated from matrix cells. They are progenitors of the so
      called resting microglia as well as of astrocytes and oligodendroglia. (2) Brain
      macrophages in stab wounds, experimental Japanese encephalitis and retrograde
      degeneration of the facial nucleus are all found to be of hematogenous origin.
      Infiltrating hematogenous cells cannot stay permanently in the brain parenchyma
      unless pathological alterations persist indefinitely.

PMID- 168724
TI  - Recruitment in conduction deafness. Observations using a midline loudness balance
      test.
AB  - A midline loudness balance test was made in 10 normal ears with blocked ear
      canals and in 104 conductively deaf ears with loss not exceeding 45 dB. The test
      was made by giving the tones simultaneously in the ears at 10, 60 and 80 dB
      sensation levels for 500 and 2 000 Hz. In the normal group the midline balance
      method indicated no reduction from the threshold differences at any of the three
      levels whereas significant reductions occurred in all groups of conduction
      deafness. The occurrence of true partial recruitment in conduction deafness
      demonstrated by ABLB (Fowler's) test was attributed to altered middle ear
      mechanics, loud tones stimulating the inner ear relatively more effectively than
      tones near the threshold level. The midline balance method is more closely
      dependent upon bone conducted sounds and on the altered relative movements of the
      labyrinthine windows.

PMID- 168726
TI  - Sympus monopus accompanied by nephroblastoma--A case report.
AB  - An autopsy case of sirenomelia accompanied by nephroblastoma has been reported. 
      In this case, there were many complicating anomalies such as left renal agenesis,
      absence of external genital organs, imperforate anus, mass of redundant skin over
      sacral region, two umbilical vessels, absence of great omentum and patent ductus
      arteriosus.  We considered this malformation as sympus monopus.

PMID- 168725
TI  - Hereditary ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Report of two male cases with
      residual enzymatic activity.
AB  - The authors report two male cases of liver ornithine carbamyl transferase
      deficiency. In one the disease occurred at 8 years of age with hyperammoniemic
      coma leading to death in 48 hours. In the second case, symptoms appeared on the
      sixth day of life but the outcome was favorable. The child is normal at 15
      months. In both cases, there was a residual 6-10% OCT activity. These
      observations are similar to two other male cases in the literature and are
      different from the male neonatal fatal form in which the deficiency is virtually
      total. They underline the genetically heterogeneous nature of OCT deficiencies
      and the fact that in this X-transmitted trait, hemizygotes can preserve a
      functional enzymatic activity compatible with life.

PMID- 168727
TI  - Effect of beta-propiolactone on infectivity and haemagglutinin of the BK virus.
AB  - The effect of beta-propiolactone (BPL) on the infectivity and haemagglutinating
      properties of BK virus was studied. No virus multiplication was observed when
      Vero cell cultures were inoculated with virus treated with 0.1 per cent or higher
      concentration of BPL. On the other hand, treatment of BK virus with 0.1 per cent
      or lower concentration of BPL had no apparent effect on viral haemagglutinin. BPL
      at a concentration of 0.1 per cent could therefore be used to prepare BK virus
      haemagglutinin which contains little or no infectious virus. Inactivated
      haemagglutinin seems to be somewhat labile against freezing and thawing, but
      storage at 4 degrees C had no effect on it. Identical haemagglutination
      inhibiting antibody titres were obtained when human sera were tested with
      standard haemagglutinin or with haemagglutinin inactivated with BPL.

PMID- 168728
TI  - A method fof production or antisera to hepatitis b antigen subtypes, and the
      distribution of subtypes d and y among norwegian hepatitis b patients.
AB  - A method for production of antisera to hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) subtypes D and
      Y is described. The method is based on the coupling of HBsAg to a colloidal
      silica gel (Aerosil), and the selective adsorption of unwanted antibodies from
      antisera with this preparation. Some results obtained with Norwegian hepatitis
      patient sera are included.

PMID- 168729
TI  - Studies on the growth of feline panleukopaenia virus in cell cultures.
AB  - The growth of feline panleukopaenia virus was examined in relation to various
      cell growth curves of secondary feline kidney cells. In cell cultures with a high
      mitotic index, the manifestation of virus infection, expressed as percentage
      number of cells with inclusion bodies, was correspondingly high. In cultures with
      low mitotic index, the percentage number of cells with inclusion bodies was low.
      A cytopathic effect was seen by inoculation of virus with a titre of 10-3-5TCID
      50/ML. This effect was most pronounced using cell cultures seeded in a quantity
      of 1 million cells per ml to 500,000 cells per ml with inoculation made during
      the first 24 hours after seeding when the mitotic index was high. Both the
      cytopathic effect and the occurrence of inclusion bodies were of transient
      nature. The peak of infection, both with regard to the cytopathic effect and the
      percentage number of cells with inclusion bodies, was seen three days after
      inoculation.

PMID- 168730
TI  - Comparison of neutralizing and immunoprecipitating activity in guinea pig
      antisera against Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.
AB  - Guinea pig antisera against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 were
      compared in neutralization tests and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. It was found
      that the HSV type specific neutralization of guinea pig antisera could be
      associated with the precipitating activity to HSV type 1 and 2 glycoproteins.

PMID- 168731
TI  - Transplantable hamster tumors induced with the BK virus.
AB  - Two tumors induced by BK virus in hamsters of an inbred strain were serially
      transplanted by subcutaneous injection of tumor explants. Both the original
      tumors as well as the transplants grew as solid, localized, encapsulated tumors.
      Histologically tumors were classified as fusocellular fibrosarcomas. Polymorphic
      tumor tissue was by an abundance of collagen fibers and multinucleated giant
      cells. Cell lines established from tumors contained nuclear T antigen which
      stained with sera from a number of tumor-carrying hamsters, but also with SV40 T
      antiserum. Viron antigens were not detected in these cell lines, and no virus was
      isolated when tumor extracts were inoculated in Vero cells.

PMID- 168732
TI  - The element silicon and its relation to earth, man and life processes.

PMID- 168733
TI  - Evidence for an alpha- and beta2-receptor mediated inhibition of the twitch
      response in the guinea pig vas deferens by noradrenaline.

PMID- 168734
TI  - Levels of cyclic AMP and electrical events during inhibition of contractile
      activity in vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - The possible relationship between changes in electrical and mechanical activity
      and in tissue levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) during relaxation of the myogenical
      active rat portal vein has been elucidated in response to different inhibitory
      stimuli. Isoproterenol, 10(-5) M, caused an initial pronounced inhibition of
      spike discharge and contractions followed by a partial recover over the 15 min
      exposure period. This inhibitory response was associated with doubling of tissue
      cAMP after 1 min and a less pronounced increase in later measurements (5 and 15
      min). Papaverine, 10(-4)M, caused, in contrast, an inhibition of electrical and
      mechanical activity which developed gradually over the entire 15 min exposure
      period. The levels of cAMP at 1,5 and 15 min all exceeded the corresponding
      values obtained with isoproterenol. The two drugs in combination gave a biphasic
      inhibitory response associated with a sustained large increase in the level of
      cAMP. These drug induced inhibitions were thus accompanied by increased levels of
      cAMP, but the different time courses of the electromechanical responses could not
      be rlated to corresponding variations in the content of cAMP. Hyperosmolality
      (+150 mM sucrose) and mechanical vibration (100 Hz) elicited differentiated
      inhibitions of smooth muscle activity without changes in tissue cAMP. The
      mechanical effects elicited by isoproterenol, papaverine and hyperosmolality were
      accompanied by approximately parallel changes in electrical spike discharge. It
      is concluded that increased levels of cAMP are not indispensible for vascular
      smooth muscle relaxation, and that the magnitude of pharmacologically induced
      inhibitions are not always closely related to the total tissue content of the
      nucleotide.

PMID- 168735
TI  - Plasma renin activity and in vitro synthesis of aldosterone by the adrenal glands
      of rats with spontaneous, renal, or pinealectomy-induced hypertension.
AB  - In the present study a comparison was made on the role of the renin-aldosterone
      system in rats with various forms of experimental hypertension (pinealectomy
      induced, renal and spontaneous). The plasma sodium and potassium concentrations
      as well as renin activity were measured. The in vitro production of aldosterone
      by quartered adrenal glands of these rats was also determined. 5 weeks after the
      operations the blood pressure of the pinealectomized and renal operated rats was
      significantly increased. The plasma sodium concentration did not differ in
      various groups, but that of potassium was decreased in the renal hypertensive
      animals. The plasma renin activity of the pinealectomized rats was elevated while
      in other forms of hypertension it was at the control level. The basal aldosterone
      production by the adrenal quarters was equal in all the groups. ACTH, dibutyryl
      cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (DBA) and 5HT stimulated the aldosterone
      production. The responses to ACTH and DBA were greater in the adrenals of renal
      hypertensive rats than in the other forms of hypertension or in the controls. We
      suggest that the renin-aldosterone system is of importance in the maintenance of
      renal hypertension, while in pinealectomy-induced hypertension elevated plasma
      renin activity reflects an increased sympathetic activity which probably is the
      main cause of hypertension in these animals.

PMID- 168736
TI  - [Microscope examination of rat organs following administration of m
      bromophenylsuccinimide for 6 and 14 weeks].

PMID- 168737
TI  - Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia II. Clinical findings.
AB  - A clinical and laboratory examination of abnormalities not attributable to
      atherosclerosis has been performed on 188 male and 126 female adult subjects with
      hyperlipidaemia. The sample was recruited from 20000 subjects screened at a
      health control centre who had an initial serum cholesterol and/or triglyceride
      (TG) concentration above 350 mg/100 ml and 3.50 mmol/l. All were subjectively
      healthy and had no history of atherosclerotic disease. Known cases of secondary
      hyperlipidaemia were excluded. Lipoprotein (LP) analysis with preparative
      ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis was made on all subjects including
      control group with "nonelevated" serum lipids. Typing of hyperlipoproteinaemia
      (HLP) was performed according to the modified system of Fredrickson et al.
      Compared to controls, subjects who had elevated very low density ?LP (VLDL)
      (types II B, III, IV and V) were more obsese, while subjectI B and women with
      type IV HLP than in the control groups. Arcus corneae was seen in 29% of control
      groups. Arcus corneae was seen in 29% of controls and in higher frequencies in
      types II A and II B. A positive correlation existed between the frequency of
      arcus corneae and the mean low density LP cholesterol in the different types.
      Multiple tendon xanthomata (n equals 11) were found exclusively in type II A HLP,
      palmar xanthomata (n equals 3) only in the presence of floating beta-LP and
      eruptive xanthomata in one male with type V HLP. The mean ESR was increased in
      all types of HLP. The mean S-GPT and uric acid concentrations were higher in type
      IV HLP in both sexes than in the control groups. In men with type IV HLP S-GPT
      was positively correlated to tvldl tg. the uric acid level was correlated to both
      the VLDL TG concentration and body weight independently. Of the male subjects
      with HLP 1/3-1/2 had a diabetic or borderline i.v. glucose tolerance.

PMID- 168738
TI  - Laboratory analyses during two years' treatment with alprenolol in patients with
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 168739
TI  - Effect of arginine deficiency on the reproduction of human cytomegalovirus.
AB  - In arginine-deprived human embryonic fibroblasts the reproduction cycle of human
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) is incomplete. Infectious virus cannot be demonstrated in
      cell disintergrates, and from among the CMV antigens only the diffuse cytoplasmic
      antigen is detectable by immunofluorescence. The antigens localized in the cell
      membrane and those appearing during the complete cycle as large granules or
      inclusion-like bodies in the nucleus do not appear in the absence of arginine.
      The CMV genome persists in the arginine-deprived culture; after re-feeding with
      arginine-containing medium, maturation of virions soon ensues. Maturation could
      be prevented by inhibitors of protein synthesis, but not by DNA inhibitors, added
      simultaneously with completion of the medium.

PMID- 168740
TI  - Post-therapeutic levels of antimicrobial drugs in faeces.
AB  - After oral administration for 3 days, furazolidone disappeared from the faeces on
      the first, polymyxin B and ampicillin on the fourth, and trimethoprim +
      sulphamethoxazole and nalidixic acid on the fifth day.

PMID- 168741
TI  - Virus-specific changes in mouse cells inoculated with a strain of human
      cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Cytopathic changes and virus-specific antigens developed in, then disappeared
      from, mouse fibroblasts infected by a strain of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), but
      their disappearance was delayed in cells treated with idoxuridine prior to
      infection. The replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and herpes simplex virus
      was restricted in human CMV-infected mouse cells as long as human CMV-specific
      antigens were present. Virus-specific antigens could be induced by treatment with
      idoxuridine or arginine deficiency in mouse cells which had previously turned
      "negative".

PMID- 168742
TI  - Interferon induction and action in transformed poikilothermic cells.
AB  - The production and effect of interferon in the virus-transformed cell line TGk1,
      originating from kidney cells of Testudo gracea were studied and compared to
      those in the primary cell culture. West Nile virus and Newcastle disease virus
      were used as inducers. Interferon production in TGk1 cells began 6 hr later than
      in the primary cell culture and reached the maximum 64 IU, 18 hr after virus
      inoculation. In the primary culture, interferon production increased till the
      48th hr reaching a fourfold level (256 IU). A significant reduction of the
      antiviral effect of interferon against vesicular stomatitis virus but not against
      vaccinia virus was observed in the transformed cells. The decreased interferon
      production and effect in TGk1 cells is regarded as a consequence of the
      disturbance of the interferon regulatory mechanism taking place as a result of
      the virus-induced transformation.

PMID- 168743
TI  - Concanavalin A as a quantitative and ultrastructural probe for normal and
      neoplastic cell surfaces.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A) has been popularly used as a cell surface probe for normal
      and neoplastic cells. Differences between normal fibroblasts and their
      transformed derivatives were examined using Con A agglutination, quantitative
      labeling with 125I-Con A and ultrastructural labeling with fluorescent- or
      ferritin-Con A. Con A agglutinates confluent-SV3T3 and 3T3 cells at midpoints of
      20-60 and greater than, 500-2,000 mug/ml, respectively, and sparse cells at 5-15
      and 1,200-1,500 mg/ml, respectively. Quantitative binding of 125I-Con A at 4
      degrees C (10 or 15 min) with saturating lectin concentrations does not indicate
      a difference in the number of Con A receptors on sparse or confluent 3T3 and
      SV3T3 cells similar to many publications, but contrary to Noonan and Burger
      (1973). Under these conditions of labeling, ferritin-Con A is not internalized,
      indicating absence of endocytosis. The lateral mobility of Con A receptors and
      their relative ability to be aggregated on the cell surface by Con A was
      investigated with fluorescent- and ferritin-Con A. The initial distribution of
      Con A receptors on 3T3, SV3T3 and MSV3T3 cells under conditions of labeling at
      low temperature (0-5 degrees C) or to fixed cells was essentially randomly
      dispersed, but changes quickly to aggregated on SV3T3 and MSV3T3 (but not 3T3)
      after shifting the temperature to 20-37 degrees C, indicating, in general, a
      greater relative mobility of Con A receptors on SV3T3 and MSV3T3 cells. The
      aggregated Con A receptors seem to be directly involved in cell agglutination
      because they are usually found at the sites of cell-to-cell contact during 10 min
      agglutination experiments with ferritin-Con A. When confluent-3T3 cells are
      labeled on monolayer with ferritin-Con A at 0-4 degrees C, washed and then
      shifted to 20-37 degrees C for 10-15 min prior to in situ embedding, two classes
      of Con A receptors can be identified. One class appears to have low relative
      mobility and is associated with the 3T3 cell's extensive subplasma membrane
      microfilament network, while the other is capable of being aggregated and
      eventually endocytosed. On confluent-SV3T3 cells, only the latter class of
      receptors appears to be present, indicating a possible loss of cytoplasmic
      control over the distribution and mobility of lectin-binding sites on transformed
      cell surfaces.

PMID- 168744
TI  - Cell cycle dependent agglutinability, distribution of concanavalin A binding
      sites and surface morphology of normal and transformed fibroblasts.
AB  - In studies on phenotypic reversion of transformed cells to normal growth
      patterns, we investigated the effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbc-AMP) and a
      protease inhibitor (TLCK) on growth of SV40-transformed mouse fibroblasts (3T3).
      The results did not support the hypothesis that transformed cells grown with dbc
      AMP or TLCK are induced to contact-mediated growth control. The growth rate of SV
      3T3 cells grown with the drugs was strongly reduced, due to accumulation of the
      cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, decreased agglutinability
      with concanavalin A (Con A) of those SV-3T3 cells was not caused by a direct
      effect of the drugs on the cell surface, but by partial synchronization of the
      cells in the G2 phase of the cycle. In synchronized cultures agglutinability of
      transformed cells reached a minimum in G2 and was maximal in mitosis and G1.
      Normal cells agglutinated only in mitosis. This suggested that agglutinability of
      cells is somehow cell cycle dependent. Cytochemical investigations on normal and
      transformed 3T3 cells had shown that Con A-induced redistribution of binding
      sites on the surface of these cells is not correlated with agglutinability. The
      present work on replicas confirmed this, but indicated also that normal 3T3 cells
      have more extended lamellipodia with less Con A binding sites than SV-3T3 cells.
      Preliminary scanning electron microscope data showed cell cycle dependent changes
      in 3T3 cells and also showed that confluent 3T3 and SV-3T3 cells suspended for
      agglutination tests had a different surface morphology. These results may
      represent additional factors important for differences in cell agglutinability by
      Con A.

PMID- 168745
TI  - Concanavalin A as a probe for studying the mechanism of metabolic stimulation of
      leukocytes.
AB  - The disruption of the molecular organization of the plasma membrane of leukocytes
      by phagocytosable particles, or by agents such as surfactants, antibodies,
      phospholipase C, fatty acids and chemotactic factors, leads to a stimulation of
      the phagocyte oxidative metabolism. Concanavalin A (Con A) has been used as a
      tool to study the mechanism of this metabolic regulation. The binding of Con A to
      the surface of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) or macrophages produces a
      rapid enhancement of oxygen uptake and glucose oxidation through the hexose
      monophosphate pathway (HMP). This is explained by an activation of the granular
      NADPH oxidase, the key enzyme in the metabolic stimulation. The effect of Con A
      is not due to endocytosed lectin, since Con A covalently coupled to large
      sepharose beads still acts as stimulant. The metabolic changes caused by Con A
      are reversible. If, after the onset of stimulation, sugars with high affinity for
      Con A are added to the leukocyte suspension, the activity of granular NADPH
      oxidase and the rate of respiration and glucose oxidation return to their resting
      values. The metabolic burst, while partially supressed by treatment of PMNL with
      iodoacetate, sodium flouride and cytochalasin B, is slightly increased by
      colchicine. Con A induces a selective release of granular enzymes (beta
      glucuronidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase) from PMNL, whereas no leakage of
      cytoplasmic enzymes is observed. The enzyme release is inhibited by iodoacetate
      and by drugs known to increase cell levels of cyclic AMP. Based on a current view
      of the mode of interaction between Con A and cell surfaces, a model of the
      metabolic disruption of leukocytes is presented.

PMID- 168746
TI  - Enhanced cytotoxicity in mice of combinations of concanavalin A and selected
      antitumor drugs.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A) injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg per kg was
      not lethal for male BALB/c mice. Six hours after administration of 5 mg Con A/kg,
      the proportioy 24 hr, the proportion of granulocytes had decreased to 56%.
      Adiministration of 5 mg Con A/kg 24 hr before 200 mg of 5[3,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)
      triazeno]-imidazole-4-carboxamide per kg, or 100 mg of 5-fluorouracil per kg
      resulted in a significant enhancement of lethality. Simulatenous administration
      of 5 mg Con A/gm and 10 mg of daunomycin per kg also resulted in enhanced
      lethality. Administration of 5 mg Con A/kg 24 hr before 40 mg of 1,3-bis(2
      chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea per kg, 200 mg of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1
      nitrosourea per kg, 1000 mg of cytosine arabinoside per kg, 0.1 mg of mithramycin
      per kg, 2 mg of pactamycin per kg or 1 mg of vincristine per kg did not result in
      enhanced lethality. Lipid A prepared from Escherichia coli 0127:B8 Boivin
      lipopolysaccharide has been complexed to Con A. The lipid A-Con A complex
      (5mg/kg) was no more, or less effective in enhancing the lethality of 5
      fluorouracil than 2.5 mg Con A/kg. The lipid A-Con A complex (40 mg/kg), given
      simultaneously with drug, enhanced lethality per kg. In this regard, the lipid A
      Con A complex had vincristine per kg. In this regard, the lipid A-Con A complex
      had activity comparable to the complex formed between lipid A and bovine serum
      albumin. Conceivably, Con A can be used to enhance the susceptibility of
      neoplastic cells to phase-specific antitumor drugs, especially those acting on
      deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.

PMID- 168747
TI  - Effect of cyclic AMP on the phenobarbital induced increase in cytochrome P-450
      and hypertrophy of the endoplasmic reticulum of the rat liver.

PMID- 168748
TI  - Optical and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of partially purified rabbit
      liver cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 168749
TI  - Studies on the spin state of 3-methylcholanthrene induced cytochrome P-450 from
      rat liver.
AB  - The time course of infuction of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 by the
      polycyclic hydrocarbon 3-methylcholanthrene was followed by measuring the
      specific content of cytochrome P-450, benzpyrene hydroxylase activity, and the
      percent of cytochrome P-450 existing as the high-spin form (g equal to 7.9, 3.7
      and 1.7) as determined by low temperature EPR spectroscopy. Significant increases
      in benzpyrene hydroxylase, cytochrome P-450 and high-spin ferric hemoprotein are
      seen twenty-four hours following 3-methylcholanthrene treatment. Administration
      of DL-ethionine prior to 3-methylcholanthrene treatment effectively blocks any
      increase in benzypyrene hydroxylase and cytochrome P-450 but not the increase in
      the levels of the high-spin species of the hemoprotein normally seen following 3
      methylcholanthrene induction. In addition, partially purified cytochrome P-450
      can be isolated from liver microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats as low
      spin ferric hemoprotein containing essentially no high-spin species (smaller than
      1 per cent). This partially purified hemoprotein has the same substrate
      specificity as the microsomes from which it was derived. It is therefore
      concluded that the appearance of the high-spin form of cytochrome P-450, as
      quantitated by EPR, does not correlate with the induction of cytochrome P-450 and
      benezpyrene hydroxylase activity by 3-methylcholanthrene.

PMID- 168750
TI  - Biochemical characterization of highly purified cytochrome P-450 and other
      components of the mixed function oxidase system of liver microsomal membranes.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450 has been purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-induced
      rabbits in the presence of ionic and nonionic detergents to concentrations over
      17 nmoles per mg of protein. The purified cytochrome P-450 LM gives a single
      major band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis representing about 90 per
      cent of the total protein. The polypeptide chain has a molecular weight of about
      49,000 daltons. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase has been purified from liver
      microsomes of phenobarbital-induced rats in the presence of ionic and nonionic
      detergents to a stage where it catalyzes the reduction of 33,000 nmoles of
      cytochrome c per min per mg of protein. The ratio of activities toward cytochrome
      P-450 and cytochrome c is constant throughout purification. The purified
      reductase contains equimolar amounts of FMN and FAD and gives a single major band
      on SDA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis accounting for about 70 per cent of the
      total protein; the molecular weight is about 80,000 daltons. The purified
      cytochrome P-450 is free of cytochrome b5 but contains another electron acceptor,
      provisionally called Factor C, which is equivalent in amount to the heme present.
      Two electrons are taken up per molecule of cytochrome P-450 from dithionite or
      from NADPH in the presence of catalytic amounts of the reductase, and both
      electrons are readily transferred from the reduced cytochrome P-450 to molecular
      oxygen or artificial electron acceptors. The reconstituted enzyme system
      containing purified cytochrome P-450, purified NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase,
      and phosphatidylcholine retains the ability to catalyze the hydroxylation of
      drugs, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and aniline in the presence of NADPH and
      molecular oxygen.

PMID- 168751
TI  - The role of cytochrome b5 in mixed function oxidations: effect of microsomal
      binding of the hemoprotein on hepatic N-demethylations.
AB  - Incubation of rat cytochrome b5 (D-b5) with rat liver microsomes resulted in
      specific binding of the hemoprotein. The bound hemoprotein was rapidly reduced by
      NADH. The NADH cytochrome c reductase activity in these preparations increased in
      proportion to the amount of cytochrome. In contrast to D-b5, which inhibited N
      demethylation and the NADH synergism, the binding of cytochrome b5 preparations,
      reconstituted from heme and apocytochrome b5 had no effect on either the NADPH
      dependent N-demethylation of aminopyrine or ethylmorphine or the NADH synergism
      observed with rat liver microsomes. In addition, manganese protoporphyrin
      apocytochrome complex, when bound to microsomes in amounts equilvalent to D-b5,
      showed no effect on N-demethylation activity. These results suggest that
      homogeneous cytochrome b5 contains contaminating amounts of tightly bound
      detergent which presumably is removed during the extraction of the heme from the
      apocytochrome.

PMID- 168752
TI  - Electroresponsive properties of dendrites in central neurons.
AB  - A brief sketch of the historic development of the concept of neuronal integration
      is given. Some of the properties of dendritic spikes in chromatolyzed
      motoneurons, alligator Purkinje cells, and fish oculomotor neurons are reviewed,
      as well as the various ways in which the generation of dendritic spikes has
      altered our basic concept of neuronal integration. The principles of dendritic
      inhibition are elaborated, both as a "tonic modulatory action" and as a
      "functional amputating system" for dendrites that generate spikes.

PMID- 168753
TI  - Some dendritic properties of amphibian neurons.

PMID- 168754
TI  - Some aspects of the electroanatomy of dendrites.
AB  - An understanding of the neuronal function requires the knowledge of the
      electroanatomy of dendrites, which comprise the major area and receive the main
      input in most neurons. Some simplifying assumptions are necessary to describe the
      electrical characteristics of the dendritic tree. The applicability of the
      simplified model of a combined equivalent dendritic cylinder proposed by Rall,
      was tested and verified by a combined analysis of anatomic and electrical data
      from the same spinal motoneurons. Assuming a uniform somadendritic membrane,
      estimates of the specific membrane resistance (RM: 2,700 +/- 920 omegacm2) were
      made by relating the neuronal input resistance with the combined dendritic trunk
      parameter (sigmaD3/2: 320 +/- 150-10(-6) CM3/2). From these combined anatomic and
      electrical data the dendritic electrotonic lengths (Lgeom: 1.5 +/- 0.3 times the
      length constant) were derived. Comparable L values (Ltrans: 1.5 +/- 0.3) resulted
      independently from analysis of membrane voltage transients during current steps.
      The linear  dendritic cable model has proved its applicability for the analysis
      of small voltage deflections during current step applications at the soma as well
      as for the analysis of the majority of minimal postsynaptic potentials (PSP's).
      During the transmission along the dendritic cable the PSP undergoes changes in
      shape. These changes often permit a determination of the distance of the
      dendritic input from the soma. Unfortunately, the attenuation of the dendritic
      signal cannot be directly assessed. Dendritic synaptic transmission can be
      observed in isolation in chromatolytic motoneurons because the somal synapses are
      peeled off from the soma by proliferating glial cells in the course of retrograde
      reaction. These observations support the prediction that the PSP's with
      relatively short rise-times and duration originate from synapses near the soma.
      It may be questioned as to whether the linear dendritic cable approximation also
      applies to the larger voltage displacements during excitatory synaptic action.
      Particularly interesting is an increase of the apparent membrane resistance
      during depolarization known as anomalous rectification. The anomalous
      rectification could be reversibly eliminated and turned into a normal
      rectification by the application of cobalt ions or other calcium antagonists.
      Therefore, it appears likely that this phenomenon is caused by a voltage-(and
      time-) dependent reaction of the membrane, consisting of a smoothly increased
      calcium conductance during depolarizations that are even subthreshold for
      eliciting action potentials. Such a process would result in a shortening of the
      dendritic electrotonic length and in facilitating the postsynaptic excitatory
      transmission.

PMID- 168755
TI  - Enzymes as therapeutic agents.

PMID- 168756
TI  - DDT and related chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides: pharmacological basis of
      their toxicity in mammals.

PMID- 168757
TI  - [Cytochemical approaches in an ultrastructural analysis for the arteriosclerosis
      (preliminary report) (author's transl)].

PMID- 168758
TI  - [Bronchial asthma and the beta adrenergic system].
AB  - The relationship between bronchial asthma and the beta adrenergic system is
      considered both from the physiopathologic and therapeutic point of view. A brief
      analysis of the sympathetic system is performed. The sympathetic nervous system
      is responsible for bronchodilation mediated through its beta-receptors. To
      evaluate this activity, beta adrenergic blockers such as propanolol are used.
      When this agent is administered, a descent of conductance is observed. On this
      condition, vagal stimulation brings about bronchoconstriction. At bronchial
      level, it seems that the beta-adrenergic system antagonizes vagal effect. From
      the physiopathologic point of view, Szentivanyi (1968) suggested a spontaneous
      beta block in the asthmatic. Other theories refer to a pathologic sensitivity of
      the peripheral bronchial receptors. The natural beta-adrenergics and the beta
      adrenergic drugs enhance the synthesis of cAMP by stimulating the adenil cyclase
      system. This effect brings about relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle.
      Considering the therapeutic effects, a comparative study of bronchodilators is
      performed. From all, Salbutamol has an intense broncholytic effect with little
      effect on heart dynamics. When sympathomimetics are bound to use in asthma, drugs
      such as Salbutamol and Terbutalina should be preferred because of its low
      cardiogenic effects. Its administration per os has rendered doubtful results.

PMID- 168759
TI  - An office technique for identifying crystal in synovial fluid.
AB  - Crystal identification is made with a polarizing, color-compensated light
      microscope. Most microscopes can be easily and inexpensively adapted for crystal
      identification. The color compensator allows differentiation between the
      monosodium urate crystals of gout and the crystals of pseudogout, or calcium
      pyrophosphate deposition disease. All synovial fluid specimens should be
      examined. The observation of phagocytosis of crystals establishes that they are
      the etiologic agent responsible for an ongoing acute attack of arthritis.

PMID- 168760
TI  - Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in a Japanese autopsy sample. A review of
      eighty cases.
AB  - A study of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis has been carried out in a series
      of 3,404 autopsies performed upon atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima in the
      period 1953-1970. The prevalence of the lesion was 2.4 per cent, with a greater
      frequency among the elderly and among females, and with a significant
      relationship to malignant neoplasms. In contrast to other reported series, there
      was a greater prevalence among cancers of the colon, rectum, and female
      genitourinary tract. No relationship was noted between the presence of NBTE and
      exposure to ionizing radiation. Histologic findings in the heart-valve leaflets
      in close proximity to the verrucae, like experimental studies reported by others,
      suggest that in association with severe systemic disease there appears a process
      consisting of degenerative changes in valve collagen and ground substance, with
      subsequent denudation of endothelium, localized almost entirely to the apposing
      leaflet surfaces of the left-heart valves. The verrucae of nonbacterial
      thrombotic endocarditis are then formed upon this abnormal leaflet surface. While
      the relationship between systemic disease and the pathologic changes observed in
      cardiac valve tissue is unclear, and although it is not known whether a
      "hypercoagulable state" may accentuate the tendency for thrombi to form upon
      these abnormal valves, there is no doubt that this lesion represents a clinically
      important complication of severe systemic disease. It also seems likely that in
      some cases NBTE may complicate an illness which may otherwise be curable.
      Increasing awareness of this pathologic entity among clinicians, coupled with
      appropriate laboratory techniques, most likely echocardiography, will permit more
      frequent diagnosis in living patients.

PMID- 168762
TI  - The histogenesis of mixed cervical carcinomas. The concept of endocervical
      columnar-cell dysplasia.
AB  - In a case of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ, accompanied by relatively minor
      squamous-cell dysplasia, the neoplastic glandular cells were associated with
      "abnormal" but not clearly cancerous surface cells of the endocervix.
      Measurements of the nuclear DNA of these cells revealed an aneuploid pattern
      similar to that of epidermoid dysplasias. It is suggested that endocervical
      dysplasia is a valid entity and represents a step in the evolution of cervical
      adenocarcinoma from reserve cells comparable to the position of epidermoid
      dysplasia in the genesis of epidermoid carcinoma.

PMID- 168761
TI  - Cyclic AMP induces ultrastructural differentiation of normal adult human
      adrenocortical cells cultured in vitro.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies have revealed that cyclic AMP, like ACTH, induces
      structural differentiation of adult human adreno-cortical cells cultured in
      vitro. These findings support the hypothesis that cyclic AMP can function as an
      intracellular mediator of the action of ACTH on the human adrenal gland.

PMID- 168763
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of the testes in male pseudohermaphrodism reductase.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic observations of the testes in male
      pseudohermaphrodism due to deficiency of 17-ketosteroid reductase demonstrate an
      increased thickness of the walls of the seminiferous tubules. Although the
      seminiferous tubules are filled mostly by Sertoli cells containing crystalloids
      of Charcot-Bottcher, clusters of spermatogonia and spermatocytes are located at
      infrequent intervals along their lengths. Differentiation of spermatogenetic
      cells beyond the spermatocyte stage was not observed. Hyperplasia of Leydig
      cells, which are structurally similar to those of the normal testis, was
      pronounced. Pigment bodies were present in Leydig cells, whereas crystals of
      Reinke were not observed. The decreases in plasma androstenedione, testosterone
      and estrone following orchiectomy and the presence of a well-developed system of
      organelles (smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria containing tubular
      cristae), typical of steroid-secreting cells, indicate that the Leydig cells were
      active in steroid hormone synthesis, albeit deficient in 17-ketosteroid reductase
      activity.

PMID- 168764
TI  - Congenital malformations. Cleft palate, congenital heart disease, absent tibiae,
      and polydactyly.
AB  - A girl had cleft palate, micrognathia, Wormian bones, congenital heart disease,
      dislocated hips, absent tibiae, bowed fibulae, preaxial polydactyly of the feet,
      and abnormal dermal patterns at birth. She was born after a pregnancy complicated
      by exposure to multiple medications. This combination of malformations may
      represent a distinct entity unrelated to the medication or may be a complication
      of the intrauterine drug exposure.

PMID- 168765
TI  - Carcinoma of the rectum in adolescence.

PMID- 168767
TI  - Isolation of foamy viruses from baboon (Papio cynocephalus) tissues.
AB  - Fourty per cent of baboon kidney cell cultures were found to contain foamy virus
      contaminants regardless of sex of the animal, source or time of year. The older
      the animal, however, the higher the incidence. Fifty percent of placentas
      examined contained foamy virus, with first and second trimester specimens more
      likely to be positive. Foamy virus isolates from baboon lymphocytes were also
      more frequent as the age of the animal increased. Freezing and thawing these
      lymphocytes prevented foamy virus isolation. The foamy virus isolates were
      identified as types 1, 2, or 3.

PMID- 168766
TI  - The Seattle Virus Watch. VI. Observations of infections with and illness due to
      parainfluenza, mumps and respiratory syncytial viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
AB  - Seattle Virus Watch families were observed, 1965-1969, for infections with
      paramyxoviruses and M. pneumoniae by agent isolation and antibody assay of serial
      sera. Infection rates, based on serology, exceeded those in Tecumseh where
      families contained fewer young children. Rates per 100 person-years were 44.4 for
      parainfluenzavirus, 21.6 for respiratory syncytial (RS) virus and 12.3 for M.
      pneumoniae. Preschool children experienced the highest rates for RS and
      parainfluenza-viruses but, for the latter, rates were also high among older
      children and adults. Within invaded families infection rates generally varied
      inversely with age, although for M. pneumoniae the rates for adults and 6-9 year
      old children nearly equalled the infant rate. The introducers' identity and/or
      the age-specific infection rates in invaded families support the role of young
      schoolchildren in community spread of M. pneumoniae and, together with older
      children and adults, of RS virus. Young schoolchildren were less important than
      infants, preschoolers, and adults in spreading parainfluenza-viruses and less
      important than preschoolers and infants for mumps. The frequent infection of
      exposed older children and adults suggests that reinfection with all the agents
      studied is common. All agents spread significantly within families and secondary
      attack rates for the mostly non-immune infants indicated high infectivity of
      parainfluenza and mumps viruses. The basic high pathogenicity of these agents and
      of RS virus is indicated by the high frequency of illness among virus shedders
      (80-90%) and among seroconverting infants (greater than or equal 68%). The less
      frequent illness of older persons with serologically proven infection is
      consistent with diminished clinical response to reinfection. Parainfluenza
      associated illnesses were relatively severe and contributed up to 9.3% to total
      respiratory illnesses. RS virus-related illnesses also were severe but
      contributed less (4-5%) to total respiratory disease. Mumps-associated illness
      was largely respiratory, 65% overall, 77% in infected infants and 75% above age
      9. Thus, mumps virus emerges as another respiratory pathogen which is spread
      largely by 2-5-year old children rather than by schoolchildren with "typical"
      parotitis.

PMID- 168768
TI  - Bivariate analyses of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in families in which
      probands have type IIb lipoprotein phenotype.
AB  - Univariate and bivariate analyses of cholesterol and triglycerides are performed
      after appropriate age adjustment on 247 individuals in 33 families where the
      probands have elevations of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and
      triglycerides, and type IIb lipoprotein phenotype. Mixture of lognormal
      distributions are fitted by maximum likelihood to the data. Best fitting single
      and mixtures of lognormal distributions are compared with empirical cumulative
      plots, and the likelihood-ratio criterion is used to test for significance. A
      mixture of two lognormal distributions fits significantly better than one
      lognormal distribution for cholesterol but not for triglycerides. When a mixture
      of bivariate lognormals is fitted to the data, only one local maximum is found,
      suggesting action of a single genetic determinant in this sample. The best cutoff
      line is almost parallel to the triglyceride axis, indicating the relatively high
      involvement of cholesterol compared to triglycerides in separating the normal and
      abnormal groups. Using the best linear function, the difference in the two
      bivariate means is found to account for 61% of the total variation in log
      cholesterol and log triglycerides. To determine if the results are due to
      enrichment of the sample with familial hypercholesterolemia syndrome, seven
      families where the proband and/or any relative has tendon xanthomas are removed
      and the analyses repeated on the remaining 26 kindreds. The results of these
      analyses are virtually the same as those of the total sample. Also, a subsample
      of 21 families in which the proband and at least one additional kindred member
      are affected is analyzed in the same manner with similar results. For comparison,
      data from a study of families with combined hyperlipidemia [1] are analyzed in an
      analogous manner, bearing in mind that the populations sampled are probably
      different. Fitting a mixture of two bivariate distributions and finding the best
      cutoff to these data indicate that triglycerides are more involved in separating
      the two groups. Probably because of major differences in ascertainment, the
      distribution of lipid levels in oour patient group is practically
      indistinguishable from that of hypercholesterolemia, and the Seattle data [1] are
      more nearly similar to hypertriglyceridemia. It may be premature to consider
      familial combined hyperlipidemia as an entity distinct from both
      hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We hope it will eventually be
      possible to analyze these data using a refined genetic model that includes both
      major gene and polygenic effects and to combine this form of analysis with
      quantitative tissue culture methods.

PMID- 168769
TI  - Leukodystrophy, skin hyperpigmentation, and adrenal atrophy: Siemerling
      Creutzfeldt disease. Transmission through several generations in two families.
AB  - Two apparently unrelated families with a history of leukodystrophy associated
      with adrenal insufficiency are presented. Only about 20 cases of this syndrome
      have been reported until now. It was first described by Siemerling and
      Creutzfeldt; therefore we propose the designation Siemerling-Creutzfeldt disease.
      Our pedigrees include 15 additional cases and prove that this disease is
      inherited as an X-linked or as an autosomal dominant trait with male sex
      limitation. Within these families, the interindividual variability of clinical
      signs is remarkable. Patients can survive into the fifth decade, and one has
      reproduced. Attempts to identify heterozygotes on the basis of endocrinologic
      investigations were unsuccessful.

PMID- 168770
TI  - Lithium and water metabolism.

PMID- 168771
TI  - Autoimmune hyperlipidemia in a patient. Atherosclerotic course and chaning
      immunoglobulin pattern during 21 years of study.
AB  - A 48 year old male patient presented with xanthomatosis, hyperbeta
      lipoproteinemia and hyper-IgA globulinemia; these two serum components occurred
      as a "complex." The patient has subsequently been studied for 22 years (1952 to
      1974). His serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels have been consistently and
      excessively high despite efforts to regulate them by means of diet or diet and
      drugs. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration ranged from 1,400 to 3,400
      mg/dl compared with a normal value of 156 plus or minus 92 mg/dl. The metabolism
      of lipoproteins, judged by vitamin A turnover studies was slow. Peripheral
      atherosclerosis became evident 15 years after beginning the study whereas
      cinecoronary arteriography concurrently demonstrated only minimum changes.
      Xanthomas exhibited marked regression only during the last 6 years, after 16
      years of diet and the addition of clofibrate for 7 years. Beta lipoprotein and
      IgA globulin determined by immunofluorescent and immunoelectrophoretic technics
      were demonstrated in the atherosclerotic material obtained from the patient's
      arterial wall. They were also found in the plasma cells of the bone marrow. The
      IgA globulin-beta lipoprotein complex in the serum was broken with difficulty.
      The patient's isolated IgA globulin, free of lipoprotein, formed a firm complex
      when mixed with beta lipoprotein prepared from normal human serum. Initially, IgA
      globulin studies showed presence of both kappa and lambda light chains in normal
      proportion. But after 18 years, the IgA globulin has become monoclonal, type
      lambda. The plasma cells of the bone marrow have become progressively more
      atypical and immature. No clinical indications of multiple myeloma have been
      found. It is concluded that association of lipoproteins with IgA globulin in the
      serum of this patient with hyperlipidemia, hyper-IgA globulinemia did not prevent
      the development of atherosclerotic lesions and the deposition of lipids and
      lipoproteins in the plaques. It is possible that the lipoprotein-immunoglobulin
      association may have retarded the process, since it became manifest only after
      many years of known hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 168772
TI  - Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (CLDL) and lipoprotein phenotyping.
AB  - Using an estimation of CLDL, 522 sera from 311 men and 211 women were studied.
      Lipoprotein phenotyping was done with and without knowledge of CLDL. Two hundred
      sixty-four of the 522 patients were considered abnormal without knowledge of
      CLDL. Interpretation was changed in 70 cases when CLDL was considered. Thirty
      four were reclassified from 11B to IV because CLDL was not elevated. Thirty-three
      were reclassified from 11A to "slightly elevated cholesterol without other
      evidence of hyperlipoproteinemia" because CLDL was not elevated. Three were
      reclassified from normal to 11A because of elevated CLDL associated with
      borderline normal cholesterol.

PMID- 168773
TI  - Diabetic hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - The conference opened with the clinical presentation of a 50-year-old male with
      fasting hyperglycemia (296 mg per cent) and hypertriglyceridemia (2736 mg per
      cent). The discussion began with a summary of current concepts regarding the
      manner in which chylomicra (intestine) and very low density lipoproteins
      (intestine and liver) are formed, transported into the plasma, and removed from
      the circulation. This was followed by a consideration of diabetic
      hypertriglyceridemia in which this syndrome was subdivided into two categories.
      The first form is seen in patients with severe fasting hyperglycemia, and is
      characterized by marked insulin deficiency, decreased very low density
      lipoprotein production, a fall in the activity of lipoprotein lipase, and
      hypertriglyceridemia secondary to a defect in removal of lipoproteins from the
      plasma. In contrast the other form of diabetic hypertriglyceridemia is seen in
      patients with minimal abnormalities of carbohydrate tolerance, and in this
      instance insulin resistance, not insulin lack, seems to play the pivotal role. In
      these patients, the rise in plasma triglyceride levels seems to be secondary to
      increased production of very low density lipoproteins, presumably as a result of
      the hyperinsulinemia associated with the insulin resistance. The conference ended
      with an attempt to relate the patient presented to the models of diabetic
      hypertriglyceridemia that had been defined.

PMID- 168774
TI  - Conjugated estrogens and hypercoagulability.
AB  - A group of 11 menopausal women receiving 1.25 mg. of conjugated estrogens daily
      had coagulation tests to determine the development of hypercoagulability after
      taking 5 and 21 tablets. There was no essential change in thrombin generation or
      fibrinolytic activity as measured by euglobin lysis time. There was a shift
      toward hypercoagulability in all three parameters of the thrombelastograms. The
      decrease of the antithrombin III activity was not as pronounced following the
      administration of conjugated estrogens as had been the change associated with
      oral contraceptives. Fibrin monomers were observed in some women during the first
      week of Premarin therapy.

PMID- 168775
TI  - Cerebral manifestations of metastatic trophoblastic disease.

PMID- 168776
TI  - Cryptophthalmos syndrome with basal encephaloceles.
AB  - A 2,144-g white girl was born with absence of the right ear and eye, cleft lip
      and palate, two basal encephaloceles, tricuspid atresia, ventricualr and atrial
      septal defects, detransposition of the great vessels, right aortic arch, and
      aberrant right subclavian artery. Through an oval defect in the center of the
      sphenoid bone, soft tissue protruded into the right nasopharynx. The medial
      portions of the roof of both orbits and the cribriform plate were absent and soft
      tissue protruded through this bony defect. Basal tomography was required to
      demonstrate the encephaloceles, which should be suspected in any child with a
      median cleft syndrome, a flat broad nasal root, and hypertelorism.

PMID- 168777
TI  - Epidemic hemorrhagic keratoconjunctivitis.
AB  - A new type of acute keratoconjunctivitis developed throughout Southeast Asia,
      beginning in Singapore in the summer of 1970. It was highly contagious and
      probably was transmitted from person to person by the hand to eye route. Sixteen
      cases, diagnosed by viral isolation or serologic study, or both, were subjected
      to detailed clinical observation. The characteristic features included a short
      incubation period of one or two days, watery or serous discharge, subconjunctival
      hemorrhage, and pinpoint superficial keratopathy. The disease usually resolved
      rapidly within one to two weeks without sequelae.

PMID- 168778
TI  - Mammary and extramammary Paget's disease.  An immunocytochemical study.
AB  - The localization and distribution of human casein has been investigated in 20
      patients with Paget's disease (16 with the mammary and 4 with the extramammary
      form) by means of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques.  This milk
      protein has been detected in neoplastic cells in intraductal carcinomas of the
      nipple and in intraepidermal cells identifiable as Paget cells.  The degree of
      the staining varied in different cells of the same case and in different cases. 
      Some casein-containing intraepidermal cells, as revealed by immunofluorescence,
      could not be recognized after retaining of the sections as Paget cells: they
      could not morphologically be distinguished from other basally located epidermal
      cells.  This finding raises the question of the existence of "pre-Paget" cells. 
      The results obtained are discussed in relation to theories on the origin and
      nature of Paget cells.  The immunocytochemical methods for casein detection might
      also be find possible application in the diagnosis of Paget's disease.

PMID- 168779
TI  - Production of lymphokine-like factors (cytokines) by simian virus 40-infected and
      simian virus 40-transformed cells.
AB  - Macrophage migration inhibitory (MIF-like) activity was demonstrated in the
      supernatant fluids from primary cultures of African green monkey kidney cells
      infected with simian virus 40 (SV 40) virus. Kidney cell cultures not infected by
      virus had no MIF activity. Supernatant fluids from continuous cultures of
      nontransformed and SV 40-transformed human fibroblasts contained MIF-like
      activity. Productive infection with SV 40 virus results in the production of a
      lymphokine-like factor, as previously observed in other virus-cell systems,
      involving mumps virus and Newcast,le disease virus. However, while infection with
      these paramyxoviruses causes the production of macrophage and neutrophil
      chemotactic agents as well as an MIF, SV 40 infection does not induce chemotactic
      factors. The results reported here, taken in conjunction with previous
      observations by ourselves and others, suggest that the production of lymphokine
      like factors (cytokines) may represent a general biologic phenomenon, and that
      many, if not all, cell types, when appropriately stimulated, may be capable of
      such activity.

PMID- 168780
TI  - Separation of cells with histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase activity
      from suspensions of human prostatic cells in an isokinetic gradient of Ficoll in
      tissue culture medium.
AB  - Collagenase, trypsin, and pronase were used in separate, parallel experiments to
      obtain cell suspensions from human prostates obtained from surgical resections
      and autopsies. All of the examined prostates demonstrated benign hyperplasia. The
      dissociation using pronase gave both the largest number of nucleated cells and
      the largest proportion of viable cells from prostates. Surgically resected
      prostates gave a larger number of cells per gram of tissue than prostates
      obtained from autopsy. Cells obtained from surgically resected prostates were
      separated both by isopycnic sedimentation and by velocity sedimentation in a
      previously described isokinetic gradient. We studied fifteen prostates obtained
      at surgery; using pronase, we obtained 2.1 plus or minus 3.5 times 10(6) cells/g.
      Of these cells, 34.0 plus or minus 14.7% contained histochemically demonstrable
      acid phosphatase. Cells from six prostates were separated by velocity
      sedimentation  in the isokinetic gradients; in the purest fractions from the
      isokinetic gradients, 81.0 plus or minus 12.2% of nucleated cells had
      histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase. The cells in the purest fractions
      appeared to be epithelial cells. More than 99% of these separated cells excluded
      trypan blue. Isopycnic sedimentation was not an effective means of purifying
      epithelial cells from human prostates.

PMID- 168781
TI  - Norepinephrine vascoconstrictor escape in isolated meseneric arteries.
AB  - When isolated superfused cat mesentric arterial rings were exposed to
      norepinephrine(NE) 10'-6 g/ml, force initially increased but subsequently
      declined despite continuedadministration of NE.  Phasic contractions occurred in
      48% of the vessels.  Norepinephrine concentrations just above threshold induced
      tonic contractions without escape.  When NE was administered after brief exposure
      of the arterial rings to low-calcium solutions, peak force development and escape
      were both reduced and phasic contractions were abolished.  Escape did not occur
      in potassium-depolarized vessels.  The peak response was increased and escape was
      reduced by substituting sodium in the Krebs solution by lithium and by
      substituting chloride with iodide or perchlorate.  Substitution of chloride by
      isethionate reduced the peak NE resonse and abolished escape.  Propanolol was
      without effect.  It is suggested that escape from NE vasoconstriction in
      mesenteric arteries is due to fading of propagated activity.

PMID- 168782
TI  - Effect of intravenous infusion of corticosteroids on blood pressure,
      electrolytes, and water metabolism in sheep.
AB  - ACTH administration (80 IU/day for 5 days), which produces hypertension and
      charateristic metabolic effects in sheep (38), has been compared with the effect
      of intravenous infusion of cortisol (5 mg/h), corticosterone (0.5 mg/h),
      deoxycorticosterone (50 mug/h), and 11-deoxycortisol (1 mg/h), each given singly
      for 5 days.  Further, a mixture consisting of aldosterone (3 mug/h), cortisol (5
      mg/h), deoxycorticosterone (25 mug/h), corticosterone (0.5 mg/h), and 11
      deoxycortisol (1 mg/h), was also infused intravenously for 5 days.  In another
      series of experiments, 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (100 mg/h) was also included
      in the combined-steroid solution.  With the exception of 18
      hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, which was not measured, the rates of infusionproduced
      peripheral arterial blood levels of the steroids similiar to those seen with ACTH
      stimulation.  Blood pressure,water intake, urine output, and plasma and urinary
      electrolytes were measured: individual steroids had little effect on these, but
      manyof the metabolic changes produced by ATCH (hypokalemia and increased water
      intake andurine output) were produced by the combined-steroid infusion.  However,
      the combined-steroid infusion failed to induce an increase in blood pressure
      similiar to that seen inthe ACTH experiments.  Thus the findings are against a
      major role in ACTH hypertension for any steroid used, either singly or in
      combination.  As yet unrecgnized factor/s may be involved in the ACTH-induced
      hypertension.

PMID- 168783
TI  - Effect of acetazolamide on sodium and chloride transport by in vitro rabbit
      ileum.
AB  - Acetazolamide (8 mM) aboishes active Cl absorption and inhibits but does not
      abolish active Na absorption by stripped, short-circuited rabbit ileum.  These
      effects are not accompanied by significant changes in the transmural electrical
      potential difference or short-circuit current.  Studies of the undirectional
      influxes of Na andCl indicate that acetazolamide inhibits the neutral, coupled
      NaCl influx process at the mucosal membranes.  This action appears to explain the
      observed effect of acetazolamide on active, transepithelial Na and Cl transport. 
      Acetazolamide did not significantly inhibit either spontaneous or theophylline
      induced Cl secretion by this preparation, suggesting that the theophylline
      induced secretion may not simply be due tothe unmasking of a preexisting efflux
      process when the neutral influx mechanism is inhibited by theophylline.  Finally,
      inhibition of the neutral NaCl influx process by acetazolamide does not appear to
      be attributable to an inhibition of endogenous HCO3production or an elevation in
      intracellular cyclic-AMP levels.  Instead, it appearstheat the effect of
      acetazolamide is due to a direct interaction with a membrane component involved
      in the coupled influx process.

PMID- 168784
TI  - Insulin and epinephrine effects on heart glycogen synthase and phosphorylase
      activity.
AB  - The effect of intravenous epinephrine on heart glycogen synthase and
      phosphorylase systems in control and insulin-pretreated rats was studied.  The
      percent of synthase in the I form decreased rapidly after epinephrine treatment
      but the change was small and sometimes not significant.  In insulin-pretreated
      rats in which the percent synthase I was increased, epinephrine produced a
      definate and highly significant decrease.  There was a simultaneous increase in
      percent phosphorylase a in both groups.  The synthase and phosphorylase responses
      were statiscally significant at 2.5 mug epinephrine/kgor more.  These data are
      compatible with a mechanism in which protein kinase is activated by an increased
      cAMP concentration and affects both the synthase and phosphorylasesystems
      simultaneously.  Propranolol blocked the epinephrine effects on cAMP, synthase I,
      and phosphorylase a.  Although insulin had little effect on the response ofthe
      synthase and phosphorylase systems to epinephrine, it nealry completely blocked
      glycogen degradation.  The mechanism is unknown, but it appears to be due to an
      inhibition of phosphorylase a catalytic activity in vivo.  Acetylcholine had no
      effect on synthase I, phosphorylase a, or cAMP in control or in insulin
      pretreated animals.

PMID- 168785
TI  - Glycerokinase in mammalian adipose tissue: stimulation by lipogenic substances.
AB  - A connecting link between carbohydrate and fat metabolism in adipose tissue is
      theconcentration of alpha-glycerophosphate derived predominantly from the
      glycolysis ofglucose entering the fat cell.  However, several investigators have
      reported the presence of a glycerol specific kinase in the epidiymal fat-pad of
      the rat and obob mouse. This enzyme's presence in other mammalian adipose tissue
      could contribute to the alpha-glycerophosphate pool and thus affect both
      carbohydrate and fat metabolism within the fat cell.  Glycerokinase was
      demonstrated in isolated fat cells obtained from the subcutaneous, perirenal,
      epididymal, and dorsal intrascapular brown fat depots of the adultmale rat.  It
      was found to be particularly sensitive to in vivo lipogenic stimuli in both the
      subcutaneous and the brown adipose tissue and concluded that insulin is involved
      in adipose glycerokinase stimulation.  Therefore, the main function of
      glycerokinase in normal adipose tissue may be to augment the anabolic action of
      insulin.  It isfurther suggested that deviation from the normal control of this
      lipogenic enzyme couldlead to a gradual accumulation of fat and eventual obesity.

PMID- 168786
TI  - CNS regulation of metabolic rate in the kangaroo rat Dipodomys ingens.
AB  - Water-perfused thermodes were chronically implanted around the preoptic nuclei
      and hypothalamus (POH) of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ingens).  Responses in rate of
      metabolic heat production to manipulations of POH temperature (Thy) were measured
      in unanesthetized, unrestrained animals at ambient temperatures of 10, 20, 25,
      and 30 degreeC.  The threshold Thy and the proportionally constant (alpha) for
      this response consistently decreased as ambient temperature increased, but alpha
      was not significantly different between any two Ta's.  Average values of alpha
      for the three animals studied ranged between -.0024 W.g minus 1.degree C minus 1
      and -.0034 W.g minus1.degree C minus 1.  No influence of extrahypothalamic core
      temperature on the characteristics of the central nervous system regulatory
      mechanism was observed.  Ahypothesis accounting for high POH and low peripheral
      thermosensitivities in small mammals is presented.  An additional finding was
      that during sleep there is a profound depression or elimination of POH
      thermosensitivity in this species.

PMID- 168787
TI  - Relationship between adenosine concentration and oxygen supply in rat brain.
AB  - Since adenosine is present in normal brain tissue and cerebrosipinal fluid and
      since it dilates the pial vessels, it is possible that adenosine, in addition to
      H-+, is also a mediator of the metabolic regulation of cerebral blood flow. 
      Evidence supporting this hypothesis was obtained under various experimental
      conditions characterized by achange in brain oxygen supply.  The brain was frozen
      in situ by means of a small bonerongeur precooled in liquid N2 and the tissue was
      processed for adenosine determination (nmol/g of tissue).  Electrical stimulation
      of the cortex at 0, 15, 30, and 45 Hz yielded adenosine levels of 5.4 plus or
      minus 0.7, 10.5 plus or minus 1.7, 13.0 plusor minus 1.2, and 9.0 plus or minus
      2.1 nmol/g.  Arterial pressures of 87, 60, and 40mmHg gave adenosine levels of
      7.5 plus or minus 0.76, 13 plus or minus 2.6, and 26.6plus or minus 3.3,
      respectively.  Ventilation with 29.7, 20, 10.7, and5.5% O2 significantly
      increased the adenosine levels to 9.4 plus or minus 3.0, 6.4 plus or minus 1.2,
      30.0 plus or minus 9.3, and 63.3 plus or minus 18.2 nmol/g, respectively. 
      Hyperventilation significantly increased adenosine form 6.7 plus or minus 1.0 to
      11.8 plus or minus 1.4 nmol/g.  This increased adenosine level was reduced by
      additionof CO2 to the ventilating gas mixture.  Lactate, the main H-+ donor,
      pyruvate, and cAMP changed in a fashion parallel to adenosine.  However, cAMP
      showedonly a small increase in adenosine.  These findings are in accordance with
      the concept that adenosine and H-+ may act synergistally to regulate cerebral
      blood flow and that endogenous adenosine may exert a small effect on cAMP
      formation.

PMID- 168788
TI  - The cost of schizophrenia.
AB  - The cost of schizophrenia has been estimated at $11.6 to $19.5 billion annually.
      About two-thirds of this cost is due to lack of productivity by schizophrenic
      patients and about one-fifth to treatment costs. The estimate might be
      considerably higher if better figures were available on the cost of maintaining
      patients in the community. In the absence of more effective treatment, the
      savings from the current trend toward shorter hospitalization cannot be expected
      to decrease-and may actually increase-the overall costs of schizophrenia to
      society. The authors make recommendations aimed at reducing the cost by helping
      schizophrenic patients to be more productive through a system of community
      alternative-care facilities, increased rehabilitation services, aftercare, and
      research.

PMID- 168789
TI  - Psychomotor activity as a correlate of Depression and sleep in acutely disturbed
      psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - Combining a lightweight telemetric mobility sensing system with nightly EEG-sleep
      recordings, the authors obtained continuous monitoring of rest-activity cycles
      among psychiatric patients hospitalized for primary depression or acute
      schizophreniform thought disorder. The patients with primary depression had a
      significantly higher percentage of their total 24-hour motor activity distributed
      during the night. Furthermore, this increased nocturnal motor activity did not
      correlate significantly with concurrent EEG-sleep measures of wakefulness.
      Indeed, the best predictors of wakefulness were measures of daytime activity.
      This desynchronization of sleep and nighttime motor activity in primary
      depression may explain the need for combined pharmacotherapy in some severely
      depressed patients. The authors suggest that expressing activity as a percentage
      distribution function, rather than in terms of absolute amplitude, provides an
      objective diagnostic index of depression.

PMID- 168790
TI  - Sleep-related penile tumescence as a function of age.
AB  - The authors conducted a study of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) in 125 healthy
      males aged 3 to 79 by means of EEG recordings to provide normative data on how
      general the phenomenon is, its range of charateristics, and how it is related to
      man's sexual function. The results indicate that NPT occurs consistently in a
      healthy male population, that its expression is significantly affected by age,
      that it is  related to stage of psychosexual development, and that it is worthy
      of further investigation. Clinical experience indicates that it is a useful,
      objective method of discriminating among various types of biogenic and
      psychogenic impotence.

PMID- 168791
TI  - Tissue culture of the sera in human ulcerative colitis.
AB  - 1. Control human sera had no effect on human amnion cell culture. 2. The sera
      from nineteen of twenty-one patients with ulcerative colitis had a marked
      cytopathic effect on cell cultures, suggesting an autoimmune effect. The sera of
      three of these showed an additional cytopathic effect on human amnion cell
      culture, suggesting a viral-like quality. 3. The sera from patients after total
      colectomy and protectomy for ulcerative colitis had no effect on cell cultures.
      4. Rabbit antisera did not produce demonstrable antibodies or protect against the
      cytopathic effect in cell culture.

PMID- 168792
TI  - The case against tylectomy for carcinoma of the breast. The factor of
      multicentricity.
AB  - Five hundred consecutive cases of breast carcinoma were studied to determine the
      incidence of multicentric lesions in the resected specimens. When residual tumor
      in juxtaposition to the primary tumor or biopsy cavity is excluded, 41.6 per cent
      of specimens exhibited multicentric foci of tumor; 31 per cent of such foci were
      in sectors or quadrants remote from the primary tumor. In more than half of these
      cases the lymph nodes were uninvolved and cure rate would have been maximal had
      these multicentric tumor foci been removed. These findings confirm previous
      similar studies and we consider tylectomy an inappropriate mode of therapy for
      breast cancer.

PMID- 168793
TI  - The degradative role of the fibroblast in the remodelling and turnover of
      collagen in soft connective tissue.

PMID- 168794
TI  - Regeneration of single skeletal muscle fibers in vitro.
AB  - A culture system utilizing single skeletal muscle fibers from adult rats was
      developed to study the origin and behavior of mononucleated myoblasts during
      muscle regeneration. The single fibers are removed manually from the leg and
      thigh muscles at 300-400 gm rats and maintained in vitro embedded in a fibrin
      clot overlain with culture medium. Regenerative events were monitored by
      continuous observations of the cultured fibers. During the first few hours in
      vitro the fibers undergo degenerative changes including the formation of
      myofibrillar contraction clots and pyknosis of myonuclei. The endomysial tube
      (basement lamina) remains intact along the entire length of the fiber and forms
      transparent chambers bridging the contraction clots. Single fibers are free of
      endomysial cells and display no cellular outgrowth in cultures, except at the cut
      ends. In contrast, a rich outgrowth of endomysial connective tissue cells is
      found with bundles consisting of two or more fibers. Isolated mononucleated
      cells, presumed to be muscle satellite cells, are present within the endomysial
      tube of single fibers at the onset of the culture period. There is no evidence
      that myonuclei contribute to the formation of mononucleated cells. The satellite
      cells enlarge and begin to proliferate during the second day in vitro to form
      clones of presumptive myoblasts within the endomysial tube. The early clones have
      a cell doubling time of about 22 hours and exhibit mitotic synchrony. After 5-7
      days in vitro the satellite cell progeny begin to fuse to form multinucleated
      myotubes within the endomysial tube of the original fiber. The myotubes display
      spontaneous contractile activity and may extend throughout the length of the
      endomysial tube.

PMID- 168795
TI  - Clinical and immunologic responses of calves with colostrally acquired maternal
      antibody against parainfluenza-3 virus to homologous viral infection.
AB  - Exposure of colostrum-deprived calves and calves with colostrally acquired
      maternal antibody to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus resulted in signs
      of infection, leukopenia, and shedding of virus from the nasal passages. However,
      infection was not as severe in calves with colostrally acquired maternal antibody
      as it was in colostrum-deprived calves which did not have antibody to PI-3 virus
      before they were exposed. All calves responded immunologically to PI-3 virus, as
      indicated by resistance to challenge exposure and subsequent development of virus
      neutralizing antibody. However, levels of serum and nasal secretion (NS) antibody
      at 30 days after viral exposure were lower in calves with colostrally acquired
      maternal antibody than in colostrum-deprived calves, and a serum antibody
      response in the former was primarily indicated by an anamnestic response after
      challenge exposure. After calves were challenge exposed to PI-3 virus, serum and
      NS antibodies were increased in all calves, but antibody titers were generally
      lower for calves that had colostrally acquired maternal antibody before their
      exposure than for those that acquired antibody only after PI-3 viral infection.

PMID- 168796
TI  - Lesions and pathogenesis of disease in young calves experimentally induced by a
      bovine adenovirus type 5 isolated from a calf with weak calf syndrome.
AB  - Lesions induced in each of 9 young colostrum-deprived calves closely resembled
      lesions seen in naturally occurring "weak calf syndrome" of eastern Idaho and
      southwestern Montana. The disease was experimentally induced by intravenous
      injection of bovine adenovirus type 5 that had been isolated from a calf with
      weak calf syndrome...

PMID- 168797
TI  - Canine adenovirus type 2-induced immunity to two canine adenoviruses in pups with
      maternal antibody.
AB  - Twenty-four Beagle pups with high levels of maternal antibody to canine
      adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) were oronasally
      inoculated with CAV-2 at 4 weeks of age. The CAV-2 was isolated from pharyngeal
      swabs on postinoculation days 2 through 6. In spite of the infection, maternal
      antibody continued to decrease for 4 to 8 postinoculation weeks, and then
      homologous CAV-2 neutralizing antibody and, to a lesser extent, CAV-1
      neutralizing antibody began to increase. When these pups were challenge
      inoculated with CAV-1 and CAV-2 at a time when maternal antibody to CAV-1 would
      normally have disappeared, they were immune. In addition, 3 pups with maternal
      antibody to CAV-1 and CAV-2 were intramuscularly inoculated with CAV-2 at 3 weeks
      of age. Virus was not isolated from these pups, and maternal antibody decreased
      at a normal rate. These pups were not immune to challenge inoculation with CAV-1
      and CAV-2.

PMID- 168798
TI  - A herpesvirus-type agent associated with skin lesions of green sea turtles in
      aquaculture.
AB  - Nine successive groups of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were observed in
      aquaculture during the posthatchling period. During the first 6 months of growth,
      each group underwent an epizootic of skin lesions, named gray-patch disease. Two
      types of skin lesions are associated with gray-patch disease: papules and, more
      characteristically, spreading gray patches which appear 7 to 8 weeks after
      hatching. In both types of lesions, intranuclear inclusions are found in
      keratinocytes in the malpighian layer of the epidermis. Electron microscopic
      examination of scrapings from lesions and biopsies revealed many viral particles,
      with features characteristic of the herpesvirus group. Transmission of gray-patch
      disease is possible with bacteria-free preparations of viral particles.

PMID- 168799
TI  - Influence of vaccination with avirulent herpesvirus on subsequent infection of
      chickens with virulent Marek's disease herpesvirus.
AB  - Vaccination of chickens with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) or attenuated Marek's
      disease herpesvirus (aMDHV) blocked infection with virulent MDHV (VMDHV) for
      approximately 5 weeks after contact exposure. However, there was no apparent
      blockage of infection when challenge virus was administered intraabdominally
      (IA). Evidence for infection with VMDHV was based on viral isolation by in vivo
      assay or by detecting precipitins to "A" antigen associated with virulent virus.
      The HVT stimulated production of neutralizing antibody against VMDHV in a high
      percentage of chickens, whereas the aMDHV was a comparatively poor inducer of
      such antibody. Despite this difference, both of the vaccinal viruses conferred
      protection against development of Marek's disease.

PMID- 168800
TI  - Fluorescent antibody test for rapid diagnosis of coronaviral enteritis of turkeys
      (bluecomb).
AB  - Intestinal tissues obtained from coronavirus-infected embryos and turkeys were
      examined by fluorescent antibody tissue section technique (FAT). Evidence of
      viral antigen was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial
      cells covering the villi. Embryo intestines that were examined from 24 to 96
      hours after inoculation were positive for immunofluorescence (IF), whereas bursa
      of Fabricius was negative. Poults hatched from infected embryos were examined at
      2 days of age and were positive for IF. Coronaviral antigen was detected by FAT
      in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells of the jejunum, ileum, duodenum,
      and cecum in all turkeys that were examined from 24 hours to 28 days.

PMID- 168801
TI  - Cellular proliferation induced in the lung by cadmium aerosol.
AB  - Rats were exposed to a polydispersed aerosol of 0.1 per cent cadmium chloride in
      physiologic saline for a single period of 2 hours, and the evolution of damage
      was followed for a 10-day period.  Control animals were unexposed rats and rats
      exposed to an aerosol of physiologic saline.  Wet lung weight doubled by the
      fourth day in animals exposed to cadmium chloride, but not in the control groups.
      Apart from a transient increase in fluid content at 1 day, there was no evidence
      that the lung weight gain was due to inflammatory edema.  Uptake of [3H]thymidine
      markedly increased during the first four days after exposure to cadmium chloride.
      Light autoradiography showed that [3H]thymidine labeling occurred almost
      exclusively in Type II alveolar cells at 1 day: later, the label appeared in
      interstitial cells and cells lying free within alveoli.  These changes correlated
      well (r=0.70) with the increase in deoxyribonucleic acid on the fourth day after
      exposure.  Uptake of [3H]thymidine and deoxyribonucleic acid content in rats
      exposed to cadmium chloride showed a significant difference from the control
      groups (P less than 0.001).  These experiments demonstrate that exposure to
      cadmium chloride aerosol evokes a wave of cellular proliferation in rat lung. 
      This finding is of interest, because heavy industrial exposure to cadmium in
      humans is known to be associated with severe physiologic impairment and anatomic
      damage.

PMID- 168802
TI  - Idiopathic facial paralysis, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle.
AB  - The records of 42 women with Bell's palsy during pregnancy, and of 91 nonpregnant
      women, whose dats of onset of Bell's palsy and of the preceding menstrual cycle
      were precisely known, were studied for factors that might show relation between
      pregnancy or the menstrual cycle and Bell's palsy. Of the 42 cases in pregnancy,
      31 occurred in the third trimester, five in the first two weeks postpartum, and
      six in the first two trimesters combined. Our calculated frequency of Bell's
      palsy in pregnant women is 45.1/100,000 births; for nonpregnant women of the same
      age group the calculated incidence is 17.4/100,000 per year. No causative
      relation was found between toxemia, hypertension or primigravidity, and Bell's
      palsy. Over 60% of the cases in nonpregnant women occurred in the first 14 days
      of the menstrual cycle with peaks on the first and seventh days and near
      ovulation. No clear evidence for an etiologic relationship was seen with edema or
      hormonal changes in either pregnancy or the menstrual cycle. A number of factors
      in pregnancy and the menstrual cycle suggested an etiologic role for herpes
      simplex virus reactivation in Bell's palsy. There was no evidence that prednisone
      treatment is contraindicated during pregnancy.

PMID- 168803
TI  - Colour television, an imitation of the human visual system.
AB  - Colour television is examined as an attempt to imitate the human visual system in
      image formation, spectral sensitivities, adaptation, contrast effects, signal
      processing, signal modulation, signal transmission, and interpretation. Many
      similarities are found, but where differences occur they are discussed in
      relation to the differences between visual and television technologies.

PMID- 168804
TI  - Ulcer simulating gastric carcinoma. II. Histopathology and survival.
AB  - Forty eight benign-ulcer-simulating gastric carcinomas treated at the Second
      Departmxamined histologically. Twenty two cases (46%) were classified as
      adenocarcinomas, 15 (31%) were mucocellular and 11 (23%) were anaplastic poorly
      differentiated forms. Invasion was limited in the histological specimens to the
      mucosa or submucosa in 20 cases (43%) which also fulfilled the criterias for
      early gastric carcinoma. The five year survival rate, by the actuarial method,
      was 63%, which is good if compared with that of all gastric carcinomas. The good
      prognosis can mainly be explained by the high percentage of early carcinoma for
      which the 5 year survival rate was 77%.

PMID- 168805
TI  - A case of malignant arrhenoblastoma.
AB  - The patient was a 72-year-old married woman from whom a recurrent arrhenoblastoma
      had been removed three time in the course of six years. She was clearly virilized
      and her voice had become deep. Endocrine studies before removal of the
      recurrences showed pronounced elevation of the serum testosterone values. The 17
      KS values did not as clearly parallel growth of the tumour. Histochemical
      examination showed moderate 3beta-steroid dehydrogenase activity in limited
      areas. The histological features were those of so-called intermediate type of
      arrhenoblastoma with a very scanty tubular component. Histologically the tumour
      was malignant, but with a relatively low degree of malignancy. Regardless of the
      treatment there was twice a recurrence of the tumour. The increase of the serum
      testosterone values during the follow-up period reflected recurrence on of the
      tumour.

PMID- 168806
TI  - Inhibition of Coccidioides immitis in vitro and enhancement of antiococcidiodial
      effects of amphotericin B by polymyxin B.
AB  - Growth of the spherule phase of Coccidioides immitis in liquid glucose-mineral
      salts medium was suppressed for 13 days by 5 to 10 mug of polymyxin B per ml.
      Inhibition of growth was also noted when filter paper disks containing polymyxin
      B were placed on the surface of arthrospore-seeded defined medium solidified with
      refined agar. The antibiotic evidently damaged the cytoplasmic membrane inasmuch
      as spherules suspended in distilled water containing 10 mug of polymyxin B per ml
      rapidly lost nucleotides. Leakage of nucleotides was prevented by 0.1 M Ca(2+).
      The anticoccidioidal activity of amphotericin B (0.02 to 0.08 mug/ml) was
      enhanced by 2.5 mug of polymyxin B per ml. Colistin (polymyxin E)
      methanesulfonate did not inhibit spherule growth at concentrations as high as 50
      mug/ml. This may be because colistin, though structurally similar to polymyxin B,
      is not cationic because its gamma-amino groups are masked by methanesulfonate
      radicals.

PMID- 168807
TI  - In vitro additive effect of polymxin B and rifampin against Serratia marcesen.
AB  - The combination of polymyxin B and rifampin resulted in an additive effect
      against all 12 clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens examined, including
      multiple-drug-resistant isolates.

PMID- 168808
TI  - Regulation of aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase in acetic acid bacteria.
AB  - The regulation of aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase has been studied in
      three Acetobacter and two Gluconobacter species. Both enzymes were regulated by
      feedback inhibition. Aspartokinase was inhibited by L-threonine and concertedly
      inhibited by L-threonine plus L-lysine. The homoserine dehydrogenase was NADP
      specific and was inhibited by L-threonine. Separation of the two enzymes by
      ammonium sulphate fractionation was possible in Acetobacter peroxydans, A.
      rancens and Gluconobacter melanogenus but not in A. liquefaciens or G. oxydans.

PMID- 168809
TI  - Demonstration of virus in groundwater after effluent discharge onto soil.
AB  - The survival of virus present in secondary effluents discharged into a cypress
      dome was studied. Isolations were made from concentrates of water drawn from 10
      foot (304.80 cm) deep wells. Data presented show vertical and lateral virus
      movement as well as survival within the dome for 28 days during a period of heavy
      rains when no effluent was being applied. Due to the inefficiency of virus
      concentration procedures, it is proposed that much of the virus present was
      probably not demonstrated. A rapid, relatively inexpensive concentration
      technique for sewage influents and effluents is discussed.

PMID- 168810
TI  - Radiation resistance of spores of some Clostridium perfringens strains.
AB  - Clostridium perfringens spores (eight strains) were irradiated in a model system
      with 60Co gamma rays at -30 C. The quantal response data obtained were analyzed
      with extreme value statistics. It was found (at the 95% confidence level) that
      all eight strains followed the same rate of death and that this rate was probably
      (at the 95% level) not exponential. The statistics did not exclude, however, a
      normal, lognormal, Weibull, or related rate of spore kill. A more definitive
      study would be required to distinguish between the latter distributions.

PMID- 168811
TI  - [Intracerebral granular-cell tumors].

PMID- 168812
TI  - [Bronchial carcinoid with hepatic metastasis and flush syndrome. Ultrastructural
      study].

PMID- 168813
TI  - [Phyllode tumors of the breast in 2 sisters].

PMID- 168814
TI  - The role of an iron-sulfur center and siroheme in spinach nitrite reductase.

PMID- 168815
TI  - Observations on the mechanism of the oxygen/dialuric acid-induced hemolysis of
      vitamin e-deficient rat red blood cells and the protective roles of catalase and
      superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 168816
TI  - 35-Cl nuclear magnetic resonance studies of anion-binding sites in proteins:
      lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 168817
TI  - Familial chondrocalcinosis in the Chiloe Islands, Chile.
AB  - Studies about chondrocalcinosis in the Chiloe Islands (Chile) showed the high
      frequency of the disease there and how most of it is aggregated in a few highly
      involved families. Pedigrees and the high degree of consanguinity among parents
      of index cases pointed to a recessive inheritance. The presence of common
      Caucasian anthropological features of genetic value in the patients and the lack
      of Indian mixture in three of the involved families, documented back to 1600,
      suggest a Caucasian origin of the mutation. Biochemical studies of the patients'
      synovial fluid showed a significant rise in pyrophosphate concentration. Calcium,
      phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were not different from a
      control group.

PMID- 168818
TI  - Fine structural changes at Entamoeba histolytica rabbit kidney cell (RK 13)
      interface.
AB  - When bacteria-free trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica were added to a
      monolayer of rabbit kidney cells, cellular injury occurred at the sites of
      contact. Changes appeared within the cell cytoplasm before there was any
      generalized cell membrane damage. At some points of contact there was apparent
      fusion of amoebic and cell cytoplasm. Electron-dense bodies, here interpreted as
      liposomes, were present in the amoebic cytoplasm and beneath the surface
      membrane. No surface lysosomes were seen. Various modes of cell damage and enzyme
      transfer from amoeba to cell are suggested, together with the possibility that
      cytopathic amoebae are infected with virus particles.

PMID- 168819
TI  - Experimental transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus by Culex
      tritaeniorhynchus and C. fuscocephalus.
AB  - Experimental transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus from swine to baby
      chicks was accomplished using Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex fuscocephalus,
      two of three mosquito species in Taiwan from which the virus has been recovered
      in nature. Whereas neither species had become infective by the twelfth day, one
      of ten C. fuscocephalus and 11 of 51 C. tritaeniorhynchus were infective by the
      seventeenth day of extrinsic incubation as verified by viraemia in chicks fed
      upon by potentially infective mosquitoes. The highest transmission rate obtained
      was 81% for C. tritaeniorhynchus on the twenty-first day of extrinsic incubation.

PMID- 168820
TI  - Plasmalipoproteins and atherosclerosis.
AB  - The author describes and classifies the different types of lipo-proteins and
      their connection with the various types of hyperlipoproteinemias and he discusses
      their possible role in producing atherosclerosis.

PMID- 168821
TI  - Inhibition of lipolysis and cyclic AMP accumulation in white fat cells by
      tetracycline.
AB  - The effects of tetracycline on the metabolism of isolated rat white fat cells
      were examined. Tetracycline at a concentration of 0.05 mg/ml inhibited lipolysis
      due to 0.075 or 0.15 muM norepinephrine, but not that due to adenosine deaminase,
      theophylline, dibutyryl cyclic AMP or 1.5 muM norepinephrine. Higher
      concentrations of tetracycline (1 mg/ml) inhibited lipolysis due to all added
      agents except dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The accumulation of cyclic AMP after 5
      minutes incubation with 0.15 muM norepinephrine plus adenosine deaminase was
      inhibited by 0.05 mg/ml of tetracycline. The large rise in cyclic AMP
      accumulation at 5 minutes due to 1.5 muM norepinephrine in the presence of 100
      muM theophylline was only slightly inhibited by 0.05 or 0.1 mg/ml of
      tetracycline. Tetracycline at 1 mg/ml did markedly inhibit cyclic AMP
      accumulation due to all added agents. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase
      activity of fat cell ghosts by norepinephrine or fluoride was inhibited by 0.05
      mg/ml or greater concentration of tetracycline. Insulin-stimulated glucose
      oxidation by fat cells was inhibited by 1 mg/ml of tetracycline. These results
      suggest that the anti-lipolytic action of tetracycline on rat fat cells is
      secondary to inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation.

PMID- 168822
TI  - Estrogen receptor. Therapeutic guide in undifferentiated metastatic carcinoma in
      women.

PMID- 168823
TI  - Familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia.
AB  - A 26-member kindred had the newly recognized heritable hyperlipoproteinemia,
      familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia. In affected family members,
      hyperalphalipoproteinemia was not secondary to any diseases, drugs, or industrial
      exposures known to elevate alpha-lipoprotein (high-density) cholesterol (C-HDL)
      levels. Hyperalphalipoproteinemia was transmitted vertically through three
      generations. There were five matings of hyperalphalipoproteinemic to normal
      individuals, with 25 offspring. The ratio of offspring with elevated C-HDL levels
      to those with normal C-HDL levels was 12:13 (0.923), a ratio not significantly
      different from 1 (x2 equals 0.04), the ratio predicted for an autosomal dominant
      trait. In affected kindred members, levels of total plasma cholesterol were
      slightly elevated, those of low density lipoprotein cholesterol were normal to
      low, those of triglyceride were normal, and those of C-HDL were consistently
      elevated. Affected subjects were healthy, without xanthomata, and had no unique
      physical or neurological features.

PMID- 168824
TI  - Partial deficiency of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase in an adult patient.
AB  - Patients with hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency usually have a striking
      clinical syndrome during childhood and are readily diagnosed by the pediatrician.
      An adult patient had childhood manifestations of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency
      that were mild and unrecognized; symptoms of tophaceous gout, urate nephropathy
      and characteristic blood chemical studies suggested the diagnosis at age 39.
      Subsequent epinephrine and galactose tolerance tests were characteristic of
      hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency and direct assay of hepatic glucose-6
      phosphatase confirmed a partial deficiency of the enzyme. The case emphasized
      that patients with this deficiency may escape diagnosis during childhood and that
      internists should consider the diagnosis in adolescents or young adults with
      acute gouty arthritis or tophaceous gout.

PMID- 168825
TI  - Noradrenaline-secreting glomus jugulare tumor with cyclic change of blood
      pressure.
AB  - A glomus jugulare tumor secreted a large quantity of noradrenaline (NA) and
      produced symptoms of tinnitus, palpitation, sweating, and labile hypertension.
      The NA content of the tumor was 0.75 mg/gm of tissue. Electron microscopical
      study of the tumor demonstrated many membrane-limited osmiophilic granules. This
      indicates the capacity of the tumor not only to synthesize but also to store NA
      in the tumor. Continuous blood pressure recording showed a cyclic change of blood
      pressure with a cycle length of 10 to 17 minutes that terminated after
      intravenous doses of phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg) or diazoxide (4.5 mg/kg) and
      surgical removal of the tumor.

PMID- 168826
TI  - The respiratory electron transport system of heterotrophically-grown
      Rhodopseudomonas palustris.
AB  - The enzymatic activities and the cytochrome components of the respiratory chain
      were investigated with membrane fractions from chemoheterotrophically growth
      Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Whereas the level of electron transfer carriers was
      not distinctly affected by a change of the culture conditions, the potential
      activities of the enzymes were clearly increased when the cells were grown
      aerobically. Reduced-minus oxidized difference spectra of the membrane fractions
      prepared from dark aerobically grown cells revealed the presence of three beta
      types cytochromes b561, b560 and b558, and at least two c-type cytochromes c556
      and c2 as electron carriers in the electron transfer chain. Cytochrome of a-type
      could not be detected in these membranes. Reduced plus CO minus reduced
      difference spectra of the membrane fractions were indicative of cytochrome o,
      which may be equivalent to cytochrome b560, appearing in substrate-reduced minus
      oxidized difference spectra. Cytochrome o was found to be the functional terminal
      oxidase. CO difference spectra of the high speed supernatant fraction indicated
      the presence of cytochrome c'. Succinate and NADH reduced the same types of
      cytochromes. However, a considerable amount of cytochrome b561 with associated
      beta and gamma bands at 531 and 429 nm, respectively, was reducible by succinate,
      but not by NADH. A substantial fraction of the membrane-bound b-type cytochrome
      was non-substrate reducible and was found in dithionite-reduced minus substrate
      reduced spectra. Cytochrome c2 may be localized in a branch of the electron
      transport system, with the branch-point at the level of ubiquinone. The separate
      pathways rejoined at a common terminal oxidase. Two terminal oxidases with
      different KCN sensitivity were present in the respiratory chain, one of which was
      sensitive to low concentrations of KCN and was connected with the cytochrome
      chain. The other terminal oxidase which was inhibited only by high concentrations
      of cyanide was located in a branched pathway, through which the electrons could
      flow from ubiquinone to oxygen bypassing the cytochrome chain.

PMID- 168828
TI  - Physiological role for the membrane bound ascorbate-TMPD oxidase in pseudomonas
      putida.
AB  - The activity of the membrane-bound ascorbate-TMPD oxidase in Pseudomonas putida
      varies with growth conditions and age of the culture. A comparison of the effects
      of cyanide and azide on the oxidation of various substrates suggests that
      ascorbate-TMPD oxidase is not the terminal oxidase for NADH or succinate
      oxidation. However, it does have a role in the oxidation of nicotinate, and may
      act as an additional terminal oxidase under certain other growth conditions.

PMID- 168829
TI  - Kinetics and morphology of glucose-limited cultures of moulds grown in a
      chemostat and on solid media.
AB  - The affinity (KS value) of Geotrichum candidum for glucose determined from
      chemostate cultures was ca. 1 mg/1. KS values for glucose was also estimated from
      the radial growth rates of colonies of G. candidum and Neurospora crassa grown on
      media solidified with agar or silica gel. An assessment is made of the use of
      colony radial growth rate to determine substrate affinities. The length of apical
      and intercalary hyphal comparte ments, internode length and the diameter of
      leading hyphaat the margin of colonies grown on solid media were all reduced at
      low glucose concentrations.

PMID- 168827
TI  - The electron transport system of the anaerobic Propionibacterium shermanii:
      cytochrome and inhibitor studies.
AB  - 1. Electron transport particles obtained from cell-free extracts of
      Propionibacterium shermanii by centrifugation at 105000 times g for 3 hrs
      oxidized NADH, D,L-lactate, L-glycerol-3-phosphate and succinate with oxygen and,
      except for succinate, with fumarate, too. 2. Spectral investigation of the
      electron transport particles revealed the presence of cytochromes b, d and o, and
      traces of cytochrome alpha1 and a c-type cytochrome. Cytochrome b was reduced by
      succinate to about 50%, and by NADH, lactate or glycerol-3-phosphate to 80--90%.
      3. The inhibitory effects of amytal and rotenone on NADH oxidation, but not on
      the oxidation of the other substrates, indicated the presence of the NADH
      dehydrogenase complex, or "site I region", in the electron transport system of P.
      shermanii. 4. NQNO inhibited substrate oxidations by oxygen and fumarate, as well
      as equilibration of the flavoproteins of the substrate dehydrogenases by way of
      menaquinone. The inhibition occurred at low concentrations of the inhibitor and
      reached 80--100%, depending on the substrate tested. The site of inhibition of
      the respiratory activity was located between menaquinone and cytochrome b. In
      addition, inhibition of flavoprotein equilibration suggested that NQNO acted upon
      the electron transfer directed from menaquinol towards the acceptor to be
      reduced, either cytochrome b or the flavoproteins, which would include fumarate
      reductase. 5. In NQNO-inhibited particles, cytochrome b was not oxidized by
      oxygen-free fumarate, but readily oxidized by oxygen. It was concluded from this
      and the above evidence that the branching-point of the electron transport chain
      towards fumarate reductase was located at the menaquinone in P. shermanii. It was
      further concluded that all cytochromes were situated in the oxygen-linked branch
      of the chain, which formed a dead end of the system under anaerobic conditions.
      6. Antimycin A inhibited only oxygen-linked reactions of the particles to about
      50% at high concentrations of the inhibitor. Inhibitors of terminal oxidases were
      inactive, except for carbon monoxide.

PMID- 168830
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenases in cyanobacteria.
AB  - NAD-linked lactate dehydrogenases specific for the D- and L-lactate have been
      demonstrated in a number of strains of unicellular cyanobacteria.  The D-lactate
      dehydrogenase of one strain (Synechococcus 6716) was partially purified and its
      properties were studied.  The enzyme has a molecular weight of ca. 115000-120000,
      is highly specific, autooxidizable, and susceptible to inhibition by
      iodoacetamide, oxamate and ATP.  The possible physiological functions of the
      enzyme in the metabolism of the organism were investigated.  D-lactate carbon was
      incorporated in cell material during photosynthetic growth with CO2, but lactate
      was not used as sole source for carbon for photosynthetic or chemosynthetic
      development.  D-lactate and pyruvate were oxidized aerobically in the dark by
      resting cell suspensions with the assimilation mainly of the C2 and the C3 carbon
      atoms.  In the oxidation of lactate, acetate was excreted into the medium.  No
      fermentation of glucose was found, but a small amount of D-lactate was detected
      as a product of endogenous dark metabolism of the cell.  All enzymes required for
      the production of lactate from glucose and from glycogen were found in
      exponentially growing cells, but the activity of some key enzymes was low or
      undetectable in old cultures.

PMID- 168831
TI  - Enzymes of glycollate formation and oxidation in two members of the
      rhodospirillacae (purple non-sulphur bacteria).
AB  - 1. Phototrophic cultures of Rhodomicrobium vanielii do not excrete glycollate
      when gassed anaerobically with nitrogen plus carbon dioxide, although the
      addition of alpha-hydroxy-2-pyridine methanesulphonate (HPMS) results in the
      excretion of a trace amount of glycollate. The inclucion of low amounts of oxygen
      in this gas mixture results in marked glycollate excretion, higher rates
      occurring in the presence of HPMS. 2. Cell extracts of Rhodomicrobium vannielii,
      and also of Rhodospirillum rubrum, which excretes glycollate only under aerobic
      conditions in the light, catalyze the formation of glycollate from
      phosphoglycollate and also the oxidation of glycollate to glyoxylate.

PMID- 168833
TI  - [Exerimental study on cancerogenic activity of Propanol-1, 2-Methylpropanol-1 and
      3-Methylbutanol-1 (author's transl)].
AB  - By using Propanol-1, 2-Methylpropanol-1 cancerogenic, hepatotoxic and
      haematotoxic effects could pointed out by an experimental study with rats. These
      high alcoholics are frequently used in the chemical industry but they are also
      essential parts of most of the alcoholic beverages. It is recommended to define
      safety limit.

PMID- 168832
TI  - Mutants of Serratia marcescens lacking cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
      activity and requiring cyclic 3',5'-AMP for the utilization of various
      carbohydrates.
AB  - Adenine requiring mutants of Serratia marcescens SM-6-F'lac+ have been found to
      grow well in minimal-glucose medium solely supplemented with cAMP. From one of
      these ade strains double mutants (called ade cpd) were isolated which could no
      longer utilize cAMP but which still grew on 5'AMP. Dialyzed cell extracts
      (soluble fraction) of the double mutants, assayed for cAMP phosphodiesterase,
      were unable to hydrolyze cAMP whereas cell extracts of the parental strains
      yielded 5'AMP at a rate of 1.6-2.0 mumoles min-1 mg-1 protein. The loss of the
      phosphodiesterase activity in S. marcescens cpd W 1181 did not cause an
      accumulation of large amounts of cAMP as was found for the diesterase-negative
      mutant AB257pc-1 of Escherichia coli. The induced synthesis of beta-galactosidase
      in mutant cpd W 1181 showed about the same sensitivity to transient and permanent
      catabolite (glucose) repression as the corresponding cpd+ strain. Starting from
      S. marcescens cpd W 1182 three independent double mutants (called cpd cya) were
      isolated which required exogenous cAMP for utilizing various carbohydrates as
      carbon source, for motility and for the formation of extracellular lipase and the
      red pigment prodigiosine. The intracellular concentration of cAMP in these
      mutants, grown in nutrient broth, was 40-60% of that of the parental strain which
      is about 4 x 10(-4) M. However, the adenylate cyclase in cell extracts of the
      mutants W 1237 and W 1270 was like that of the corresponding cya+ strain (about 2
      x 10(-2) mumoles min-1 mg-1 protein).

PMID- 168835
TI  - Neurological abnormalities in the leg(s) after use of intraaortic balloon pump:
      report of six cases.
AB  - Six patients from a group of 39 who survived after treatment with the intraaortic
      balloon pump (lABP) had significant neurological deficits in one or both legs
      associated with the use of the lABP. The device was used in a group of 89
      patients initially for cardiogenic shock but its use has been expanded for
      patients having the following conditions: preshock; severe congestive heart
      failure; refractory angina; and for those undergoing open-heart surgery. The six
      patients who had neurological sequelae had eight lABP insertions into the
      thoracic aorta through the femoral artery and had neurological abnormalities
      and/or electromyographic abnormalities in nine lower extremities ranging from a
      foot drop to almost total paralysis of the lower extremity. The pathophysiology
      of the neurological deficit is postulated to be an obstruction to blood flow, or
      thromboemboli, in the femoral artery.

PMID- 168834
TI  - [The tumor-tetanus assay--experimental studies on the biological differentiation
      between carcinogenesis and organ regeneration of the rat (author's transl)].
AB  - The characteristic clostridial growth which is testable, after systemic
      administration of tetanus spores, as a positive tumour tetanus - correlation, was
      manifested by a highly selective tetanus lethality of rats with progressive
      hepatomas following induction with dimethylaminoazobenzene and
      diethylnitrosamine, respectively, as well as with methylcholanthren-induced
      fibrosarcomas of the rat. Control tumours with transplantable Walker carcinoma
      cells anYoshida sarcoma cells also developed tetanus most frequently whereas
      healthy tumour-free rats did not show any signs of tetanus for the period of
      observation. There was strict time-dose-relationship of tetanus after partial
      hepatectomy, using the same injection technique of the spores, in sofar as the
      spores injected 24 hours postoperatively caused tetanus as opposed to the
      completely negative results following spore administration 4 days
      postoperatively. The mean tetanus survival time of the rats with regeneration of
      the liver roughly corresponded to that of the wound regeneration assay using
      pregant rats post partum. The interpretation of these results allows for
      demonstrating a fairly good agreement between the growth capacity of tumour cells
      on the one hand and the permanently strong tetanus reactivity on the other, as
      compared with the time-limited "take" and course of tetanus following
      regeneration of the liver.

PMID- 168836
TI  - Long thoracic nerve palsy: a follow-up study.
AB  - Twelve patients who had previously been treated for palsy of the long thoracic
      nerve of Bell and resultant serratus anterior paralysis were examined in a follow
      up study designed to determine their extent of recovery and/or residual
      disability. The patients' histories were reviewed, following which they were
      recalled for updating of the history and reexamination. It was found that those
      patients whose lesions were due to acute trauma had only partial or no recovery
      of serratus function, while those with infectious, toxic, allergic or idiopathic
      etiologies had partial or complete recovery. The occurrence of a prolonged
      interval between onset of symptoms and institution of therapy was found to
      adversely affect prognosis. Among those patients with no recovery of serratus
      anterior function, some were able to maintain relatively good active motion in
      the affected shoulder by substituting with the trapezius.

PMID- 168837
TI  - Implications of suspicious findings in breast cancer screening.
AB  - Breast cancer screening, performed on asymptomatic women over 35 years of age,
      has identified 32 breast cancers in 30 of 4,500 women screened. Screening
      included a physical examination by trained technologists, thermography, and
      xeromammography. This represents 26 percent of the biopsies performed (116).
      Results of xerommammography were suspicious in 24 cases (80 percent), and results
      of physical examination were suspicious in 11 (37 percent). Only six were
      suspicious by both methods, with one other having changes that were considered
      benign. Fourteen (44 percent) were microinvasive or noninvasive. Only two (6
      percent) had axillary metastases. Breast cancer detected by screening is in its
      "early" stages and is usually well localized. Operative management, including
      removal of the entire breast, has a significant potential for cure. Thirty
      patients with changes considered suspicious have not yet had biopsies. Improved
      overall survival depends on appropriate management of all patients screened.

PMID- 168839
TI  - Letter: Hepatic cell adenomas.

PMID- 168838
TI  - In vitro evaluation of inhibitors of platelet release and aggregation.
AB  - In order to determine which drugs would be most effective as inhibitors of
      platelet release and aggregation, in vitro release reactions and platelet
      aggregometry were used to evaluate aspirin, dipyridamole, sulfinpyrazone,
      flurbiprofen, low molecular weight dextran (dextran 40), prostaglandin E1 (PGE1),
      apyrase, and adenosine. Adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation was most
      effectively inhibited by PGF1, sulfinpyrazone, and dipyridamole. The latter had
      to be used in large doses. Collagen and epinephrine-induced release and
      aggregation were inhibited by the same drugs as well as by aspirin and apyrase.
      Antihynocyte globulin (ATG)-induced release and aggregation could only be
      partially blocked by these agents. In vitro studies suggest that sulfinpyrazone
      is one of the most effective of platelet inhibitors currently available for
      clinical testing.

PMID- 168840
TI  - Guanidine and neuromuscular transmission. I. Effect on transmitter release
      occurring spontaneously and in response to single nerve stimuli.
AB  - The effect of guanidine on neuromuscular transmission was studied in human
      intercostal muscle and mouse diaphragm preparations in vitro. Guanidine greatly
      increased the number of acetylcholine (ACh) quanta released by a single motor
      nerve action potential. This effect of guanidine was greater at junctions with a
      low quantum content. The spontaneous release of ACh quanta was not substantially
      changed by guanidine. No change was found in the postsynaptic sensitivity to ACh
      released from the motor nerve or iontophoretically applied to the muscle fiber.
      Effects of the drug had slow onset and were very long-lasting and resistant to
      wash.

PMID- 168841
TI  - Guanidine and neuromuscular transmission. II. Effect on transmitter release in
      response to repetitive nerve stimulation.
AB  - The effect of guanidine on the neuromuscular transmission in human intercostal
      and mouse diaphragm muscle in vitro during repetitive nerve stimulation was
      studied. The drug greatly increased the release of acetylcholine (ACh) quanta by
      nerve impulses at low frequencies of nerve stimulation and at the beginning of
      tetani at high frequencies of stimulation. The effect was shown to be produced by
      an increase in fractional release from an unchanged store of ACh quanta available
      fro immediate release. This seems to explain why guanidine has a poor therapeutic
      effect in myasthenia gravis but a good effect in the myasthenic syndrome.

PMID- 168842
TI  - Axonal degeneration in sodium cyanate-induced neuropathy.
AB  - Two patients with sickle cell disease who had been maintained on sodium cyanante
      therapy for periods of 440 and 600 days on dosages up to 44 and 41 mg/kg per day
      developed a motor and sensory neuropathy. In both, definite abnormalities of
      myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were found. In one, the predominant
      abnormality of myelinated fibers was segmental demyelination and remyelination;
      in the other, there were histological features typical of axonal degeneration. It
      seems unlikely that the brunt of the metabolic derangement was on Schwann cells
      in the first case and on the nerve cell in the second. Probably, in both cases,
      the primary effect was on the nerve, with Schwann cell changes being concomitant
      or secondary. The clustered distribution of the segmental demyelination favors
      the latter.

PMID- 168843
TI  - Phenytoin and membrane fluidity in myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was used to substantiate the presence of a
      membrane defect in myotonic erythrocytes. There was increased membrane fluidity
      and decreased polarity in myotonic membranes. Phenytoin (formerly
      diphenylhydantoin) "normalizes" fluidity differences in spectra derived from
      myotonic erythrocytes but has no significant effect on normal spectra. These
      experiments demonstrate the applicability of biophysical methods to human
      erythrocyte membranes and support the concept of a membrane defect in myotonic
      dystrophy that does not have a primary myopathic, neuropathic, or vascular cause.

PMID- 168844
TI  - Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and cerebral vasospasm.
AB  - Experimental cerebral vasospasm was studied in cat and monkey models. In the cat,
      the basilar artery was exposed by a transclival approach and spasm induced by the
      application of blood to the vessel. In the monkey, spasm was produced by
      injecting blood into the subarachnoid space. Vessel size was determined in the
      cat by direct observation and, in the monkey, by cerebral angiography. Several
      agents known to alter the synthsis and degradation of cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate (AMP) were used to modity the vasospasm produced. Isoproterenol
      (Norisodrine) and aminophyline were effective in reversing cerebral vasospasm
      when applied topically and when administered parenterally. It is suggested that
      manipulation of the cyclic AMP pathways may be an effective method of controlling
      cerebral vasospasm.

PMID- 168845
TI  - Determination of the calcium fluoride formed from in vitro exposure of human
      enamel to fluoride solutions.

PMID- 168846
TI  - Pathologic quiz case.

PMID- 168847
TI  - Colloid carcinoma arising in an anal fistula: case report with a brief review of
      the literature.
AB  - Malignant change in an anal fistula is an extremely rare but an important and
      dangerous complication. Less than 75 cases have been described in the English and
      Scandinavian literature. We now report a case of colloid carcinoma arising in an
      anal fistula because of its rarity and other interesting features.

PMID- 168848
TI  - Avian leukosis-historical perspectives.

PMID- 168849
TI  - Two levels of genetic resistance to lymphoid leukosis.
AB  - Two levels of genetic resistance to lymphoid leukosis are recognized: 1) cellular
      resistance to virus infection; and 2) resistance to tumor development in leukosis
      virus-infected birds. Resistance to infection is simply inherited but is very
      specific for the subgroup of virus. Inheritance of resistance to tumor
      development is more complex but appears to be less subgroup-specific. A breeder
      may wish to select for resistance to infection of virus eradication is the goal.
      If his goal is the reduction of lymphoid tumors, with virus infection not
      important, he may choose to select for resistance to tumor development.

PMID- 168850
TI  - Phenotypic mixing test to detect and assay avian leukosis viruses.
AB  - A phenotypic mixing (PM) test for detecting and assaying avian leukosis viruses
      (ALV) of the A, B, C, and D subgroups is described. An ALV and Rous sarcoma virus
      RSV-0) are phenotypically mixed by co-cultivating on C/O (cells susceptible to
      all subgroups of ALV) cells for a certain period. Then the RSV with the new virus
      property is assayed on C/E cells (cells resistant to infection with subgroup E
      leukosis/sarcoma viruses). The test is relatively simple and rapid, and its
      results are unequivocal. It is as sensitive as the more lengthy complement
      fixation test (COFAL). The system is suitable for detecting avian leukosis
      viruses in samples such as heparinized blood, plasma, and embryo extracts.

PMID- 168851
TI  - Two new isolants of infectious bronchitis virus with polyvalent immunogenicity.
AB  - The immunizing capacity of two new field isolants of avian infectious bronchitis
      virus (IBV) was tested in vivo. Chickens vaccinated with either isolant resisted
      challenge with 6 serotypes of IBV, including some of the types most commonly
      isolated from chickens. The two new isolants, identified herein as California "G"
      and California "S," appear to be immunologically different from each other and
      from the other 6 types tested. The polyvalent immunogenicity of both G and S is
      noteworthy, and potentially a very promising characteristic for the development
      of effective vaccines. The immunogenicity is slightly better for G than for S,
      but both are still pathogenic for chickens. Therefore, they should be attenuated
      before being used as vaccines.

PMID- 168852
TI  - Identification of infectious bronchitis virus by interference with the B-1
      isolant of Newcastle disease virus. Waxing and waning of interference.
AB  - The Massachusetts and the Connecticut types of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)
      were identified by interference in embryonating chicken eggs (ECE) with the
      production of hemagglutinin by the B-1 isolant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV).
      This interference test appears to be specific because the above interference was
      eliminated by adding type-specific anti-IBV serum to the IBV-NDV system; however,
      interference was not detectable when fowlpox virus (FPV) and infectious
      laryngotracheitis virus (LTV) were substituted for IBV. Specificity of the
      interference test was dependent upon a system involving IBV, NDV, FPV, and LTV.
      The test can be done in 3 days and requires minimum laboratory facilities. Most
      of the experiments were done with the Massachusetts type of IBV. Only a few were
      with the Connecticut type. The interfering action of the above two types of IBV
      over the B-1 isolant of NDV waxed between the 24th and 54th hr after inoculation
      of NDV; it was waning at the 54th-60th hr postinoculation and was undetectable by
      the 66th-72nd hr.

PMID- 168854
TI  - The addition of fowlpox and pigeon pox vaccine to Marek's vaccine for broilers.
AB  - Laboratory and field studies indicated that a cell-culture fowlpox vaccine was
      effective and safe when administered subcutaneously to day-old broiler chicks in
      combination with cell-associated Marek's vaccine without compromising the latter.
      Pox vaccines of chick embryo origin evaluated similarly provided excellent
      protection, although they caused local musculature swelling when injected into
      muscle rather than under the skin. No muscle swelling followed improper
      vaccination with the cell-culture fowlpox vaccine.

PMID- 168853
TI  - Immunity levels against avian encephalomyelitis in vaccinated poultry breeder
      flocks in Maine.
AB  - Four commercial poultry breeder flocks that were vaccinated under field
      conditions against avian encephalomyelitis (AE) with commercial live or
      inactivated vaccine were monitored periodically by virus-neutralization testing
      of blood serum samples and by challenge of their progeny eggs and chicks. The
      history of the flocks and results of the tests indicate that field exposure might
      occur during the laying period, thereby boosting immunity titers without causing
      clinical AE in the progeny chicks. The data also indicate field exposure of
      certain flocks before AE vaccination.

PMID- 168855
TI  - Occurrence of duck virus enteritis (duck plague) in Pennsylvania, 1968-74.
AB  - During the 7-year period 1968-74 cases of duck virus enteritis (duck plague) were
      diagnosed in waterfowl in Pennsylvania. Muscovy ducks were affected in 8 cases,
      geese in 3 cases, and mallard ducks in 1 case. In 5 of these cases either
      domestic or wild ducks were closely associated with infected waterfowl but were
      unaffected.

PMID- 168857
TI  - Enzyme induction in microbial organisms.

PMID- 168856
TI  - Variations in the activTY OF SOME BRAIN AND PLASMA ENZYMES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF
      +Gz acceleration.
AB  - The present paper refers to the activity of some enzymes associated with the
      cellular cytomembranes in the plasma and brain of guinea pigs exposed to the
      action of repeated +10Gz acceleration. Immediately after the last run, diminution
      of enzymatic activity in the brain supernate ran parralel to a rise in plasma
      enzymatic activity. Variations in enzymatic activity suggested the liberation of
      enzymes connected with the neuronal organelles, perhaps consequent to alterations
      in the permeability or structure of the neuronal cytomembranes. These alterations
      might also be interpreted as being accompanied by permeabilization of the blood
      brain barrier, with release of enzymes from the neuronal structures into the
      plasma. Changes in the permeability of the neuronal membranes might be attributed
      to several factors: cerebral hypoxia following the hemodynamic and ventilation
      alterations induced by hypergravitation, the influence upon the membrane
      permeability of hormones released in excess under the stress of acceleration, and
      the strain to which the central nervous system neurones are subjected by the
      multitude of afferent impulses with a starting point in the various types of
      receptors stimulated by hypergravitation.

PMID- 168858
TI  - Action of aldosterone on transepithelial sodium transport.

PMID- 168859
TI  - Enzyme induction in the process of development.

PMID- 168860
TI  - Mechanism of steroid hormone action at the cellular level.

PMID- 168861
TI  - Localization and quantitation of EBV-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) in Raji
      cells.
AB  - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) was localized to
      chromatin fibers of Raji cells. When EBNA was labeled with the horseradish
      peroxidase technique of Sternberger a strong reaction covered most fiber surfaces
      as observed by electron microscopy. The dry mass of Raji chromatin increased
      after exposure to both EBV-positive and -negative serum, but the increase was
      significantly larger in the material treated with positive serum.

PMID- 168862
TI  - Biogenesis of intranuclear lead-protein inclusions in mouse kidney.
AB  - A single dose of lead (5 mug/g body weight), given as lead acetate by
      intracardiac injection, produces, within 8 hours, characteristic fibrillar
      intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in proximal tubular epithelial cells
      in mouse kidneys; after a dose of 40 mug/g body weight, such inclusion appeared
      within 6 hours. Their development was completely prevented by cycloheximide (one
      or more intraperitoneal injections of 20 mug/g body weight). The development of
      intranuclear inclusions was also noted in tubular epithelial cells explanted from
      normal mice and grown in vitro for 15 hours in a medium containing 20 mug
      lead/ml. Thus, the development of the characteristic fibrillar inclusion bodies
      depends upon de novo synthesis of inclusion body protein, induced by lead.

PMID- 168863
TI  - [Osteopathies, calcium- and vitamin D metabolism errors during anti-epileptic
      long term therapy].

PMID- 168864
TI  - Multiple protein kinases from human lymphocytes. Identification enzymes
      phosphorylating exogenous histon and casein.
AB  - 1. Cell-free lysates of human peripheral blood lymphocytes contained two casein
      kinase activities and two histone kinase activities, which could be separated by
      chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. 2. Neither of the casein kinase activities were
      stimulated by cyclic AMP. The major activity was eluted from DEAE-Sephadex
      between 0.4 and 0.45M-KCl, had a molecular weight of approx. 130,000 (sucrose
      density gradients) and was stimulated by KCl (maximum 150mM). It also formed
      higher-molecular-weight aggregates when centrifuged in sucrose gradients
      containing 150mM-KCl. The minor activity was not retained by DEAE-Sephadex, had a
      molecular weight of approx. 50,000 and was not stimulated by KCl. 3. The major
      histone kinase activity was stimulated by cyclic AMP and was eluted from the DEAE
      Sephadex column between 0.05 and 0.2M-KCl. The other activity was not stimulated
      by cyclic AMP and was insensitive to the rabbit muscle protein kinase inhibitor.
      4. Evidence was obtained suggesting that the lymphocyte casein kinases were
      located primarily in the nuclei.

PMID- 168865
TI  - Isolation and chemical characterization of collagen in bovine pulmonary tissues.
AB  - 1. The contents of the fibrous proteins collagen and elastin in the pleural and
      parenchymal regions of bovine lungs were determined. The collagen content was
      approx. 70% (g/100g of salt-extracted defatted powder) in each tissue, and the
      elastin content was 28% in pleura and 13.5% in parenchyma. 2. Purification of the
      insoluble collagen from the pleura and parenchyma of bovine lungs by various
      methods was attempted. The collagen fractions isolated after incubation of the
      pulmonary tissues with the proteolytic enzymes collagenase ("collagenase-soluble"
      fraction) or pancreatic elastase ("elastase-insoluble" fraction) each contained
      approx. 87% of the total collagen initially present. 3. Both collagen fractions
      were chemically analysed for their amino acid and carbohydrate contents and were
      found to be similar to those of the intact interstitial collagens isolated from
      skin, bone and tendon. 4. The contents of the two aldimine cross-linking
      compounds, dehydrohydroxylysinonorleucine and dehydrodihydroxylysinonorleucine,
      were determined in the bovine pulmonary collagen fractions, and were found to
      decrease with increasing age of the animals, and were similar to the values found
      in intact collagens from bone and tendon.

PMID- 168866
TI  - Decay of oxyperoxidase and oxygen radicals; a possible role for myeloperoxidase.
AB  - The formation of superoxide anion during the decay of oxyperoxidase to ferric
      peroxidase was detected by using a spectrophotometric assay based on the use of
      adrenaline. The finding that peroxidase is a potential source of superoxide
      suggests a possible role for myeloperoxidase in leucocytes.

PMID- 168867
TI  - Electron transfer between azurin and cytochrone c-551 from Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - The electron-transfer reaction between azurin and cytochrome c1 isolated from
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated by rapid-reaction techniques. Temperture
      jump studies clearly reveal two chemical relaxations, the amplitudes of which
      have ikentical spectral distributions, but relaxation times show different
      dependencies on reactant concentrations. Stopped experiments also showed complex
      kinetics. A model is proposed which is consistent with the kinetic and
      equilibrium data obtained. The central feature of this model is the proposal that
      two intercenvertible forms of reduced azurin exist in solution, only one of which
      si able to participate directly in the electron-transfer reaction with cytochrome
      c-551. Support for the hypothesis that two forms of reduced azurin exist is
      derived from studies on the electron-transfer reaction between azurin and
      Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase. The possible physiological significance of such a
      situation is discussed.

PMID- 168868
TI  - Phosphotriesters in rat liver deoxyribonucleic acid after the administration of
      the carcinogen NN-dimethylnitrosamine in vivo.
AB  - After treatment with NN-di[14C]methylnitrosamine, samples of DNA were isolated
      from rat livers by a conventional phenol procedure and examined for the presence
      of phosphotriesters. A method of capable of detecting relatively small amounts of
      14C-labelled phosphotriesters was developed and used to establish that these
      products account for 10-12% of the total methylation pattern found after
      treatment with this agent in vitro. The significance of the presence of
      phosphotriesters in DNA is discussed.

PMID- 168869
TI  - The altered specificity of cortisone reductase with certain retroandrostan-3-one
      substrates.
AB  - The retro steroids 17beta-hydroxy-5beta,9beta,10alpha-androstan-3-one and
      5beta,9beta,10alpha-androstane-3,17-dione were good substrates for cortisone
      reductase in the presence of NADH, and the products corresponded to the
      respective 3beta-hydroxy compounds, in which the 3beta-hydroxyl group is axial
      and the absolute configuration is 3S. The analogous natural steroids 17beta
      hydroxy-5beta,9alpha,10beta-androstan-3-one and 5beta,9alpha,10beta-androstane
      3,17-dione were very poor substrates, and gave the corresponding
      3alpha(equatorial,3R)-hydroxy compounds, and, in the latter case, also an
      appreciable amount of 3beta(axial, 3S)-hydroxy-5beta,9alpha,10beta-androstan-17
      one. The natural steroids 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha,9alpha,10beta-androstan-3-one and
      5alpha,9alpha,10beta-androstane-3,17-dione were better substrates than the retro
      steroid 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha,9beta,10alpha-androstan-3-one, but were not such
      good substrates as the retro steroids 17beta-hydroxy-5beta,9beta,10alpha
      androstan-3-one and 5beta,9beta,10alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. Unlike these retro
      steroid 5beta,9beta,10alpha-androstan-3-ones, the natural steroids 17beta-hydroxy
      5alpha,9alpha,10beta-androstan-3-one and 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-androstane-3,17
      dione gave the corresponding 3alpha(axial,3R)-hydroxy compounds. The retro
      steroid 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha,9beta,10alpha-androstan-3-one was not a good
      substrate, and the product of reaction corresponded to the 3alpha(axial,3R)
      hydroxy compound. The nature of substrate recognition by this enzyme is discussed
      in the light of these structure-activity relationships.

PMID- 168870
TI  - Fluorine as a hydroxy analogue. Stereospecific phosphorylation of 2-deosy-2
      fluoroglycerol by glucerol kinase.
AB  - Glycerol kinase catalyses the phosphorylation of the symmetrical substrate, 2
      dexoy-2-flurooglycerol, by ATP to an asymmetric product, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-sn
      glycerol 3-phosphate. The stereospecificity of the enzymic reaction was
      extablished by unambiguous chemical synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-sn-glycerol
      labelled with 2H at C-1, followed by glycerol kinase-catalysed phosphorylation
      and isolation of the labelled phosphate. The configuration of the 2H-labelled
      phosphate was determined by n.m.r. spectroscopy. This enzymic phosphorylation of
      2-dexoy-2-fluoroglycerol is absolutely stereospecific in the same sence as that
      of glycerol, with fluorine replacing the C-2 hydroxy group. The behaviour of
      fluorine as a hydroxy analogue in directing the stereospecific course of the
      enzyme reaction is relevant to the use of the fluorine atom of fluoro analogues
      of substrate as a reporter group for hydroxy-binding sites of enzymes.

PMID- 168871
TI  - Deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerases from normal and
      polyoma-transformed BHK-21/C13 cells.
AB  - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) ACTIVITIES FROM NORMAL BHK-21/C13 cells
      and from BHK-21/C13 cells transformed by polyoma virus (PYY cells) were
      solubilized and fractionated on columns of DEAE-Sephadex. Various properties of
      the A and B enzymes from the two types of cell were compared. 1. The yields of
      polymerase relative to the DNA content of the nuclear preparations are similar
      for both cell types. 2. The ionic-strength optima of polymerases A and B are 12.5
      mM and 100mM with respect to (NH4)2SO4 for both cell types. 3. The Mn2+/Mg2+
      activity ratio (measured at the respective optimum for each cation) for
      polymerase A from BHK-21/C13 cells was 1.48 and for the polymerase A from PYY
      cells was 0.55. The corresponding ratios for polymerase B were 10.11 for BHK
      21/C13 cells and 22.75 for PYY cells. 4. Minor differences in the ability of the
      A polymerases to transcribe native and denatured DNA templates were observed;
      such differences were not apparent when the B polymerases were compared. 5. All
      the polymerases were inhibited completely by actinomycin D and by rifampicin
      AF/013, but not markedly so by rifampicin. Alpha-amanitin inhibited polymerase B
      but not polymerase A.

PMID- 168872
TI  - Evidence for a histidine and a cysteine residue in the substrate-binding site of
      yeast alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - 1. Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) is inhibited by stoicheiometric
      concentrations of diethyl pyrocarbonate. The inhibition is due to the acylation
      of a single histidine residue/monomer (mol.wt. 36000). 2. Alcohol dehydrogenase
      is also inhibited by stoicheiometric amounts of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate),
      owing to the modification of a single cysteine residue/monomer. 3. Native alcohol
      dehydrogenase binds two molecules of reduced coenzyme/molecule of enzyme (mol.wt.
      144000). 4. Modification of a single histidine residue/monomer by treatment with
      diethyl pyrocarbonate prevents the binding of acetamide in the ternary complex,
      enzyme-NADH-acetamede, but does not prevent the binding of NADH to the enzyme. 5.
      Modification of a single cysteine residue/monomer does not prevent the binding of
      acetamide to the ternary complex. After the modification of two thiol
      groups/monomer by treatment with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate), the capacity
      of enzyme to bind coenzyme in the ternary complex was virtually abolished. 6.
      From the results presented in this paper we conclude that at least one histidine
      and one cysteine residue are closely associated in the substrate-binding site of
      alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 168873
TI  - Biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines from
      ethanolamine and choline in rat liver.
AB  - 1. The kinetics of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in
      rat liver were followed 5-60 min after the intraportal injection of [14-C]choline
      and [3-H]-ethanolamine. 2. At all time-intervals the specific radioactivity of
      CDP-choline was only about half that of phosphorylcholine. This indicated that
      CDP-choline was formed at a similar rate from phosphorylcholine and
      phosphatidylcholines, the latter probably through the reverse reaction of
      cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2.). In view of recent data obtained from
      experiments in vitro this implies a significant role for the
      cholinephosphotransferase reaction in the turnover of molecular species of
      phosphatidylcholine. 3. The specific radioactivity of CDP-ethanolamine was about
      twice that of phosphorylethanolamine at all time-intervals studied. This supports
      a previous suggestion that the liver phosphorylethanolamine pool is subject to
      compartmentation and shows that there is no rapid equilibration between different
      pools. In contrast with a recent study, no evidence was found for any significant
      methylation of phosphoryl-or CDP-ethanolamine to the corresponding choline
      derivative. 4. Quantitative data on the biosynthesis of molecular species of
      phosphoLIPIDS via CDP derivatives were calculated according to simple kinetic
      models. They were in the same range as those calculated from earlier data on
      precusors incorporated via diacylglycerols. 5. The proportion of radioactive
      phosphatidylethanolamines appearing in the plasma was approximately ten times
      lower than that for phosphatidylcholines. No selectivity was observed in the
      transfer into plasma of different molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine.

PMID- 168874
TI  - Evidence against an involvement of cyclic nucleotides in the induction of
      betacyanin synthesis by cytokinins.
AB  - 1. A wide range of purine bases, nucleosides and cyclic nucleotides were shown to
      induce betacyanin synthesis in Amaranthus seedlings. 2. The induction of pigment
      by benzyladenine, dibutyryl cyclic AMP or cyclic AMP was not potentiated by
      aminophylline. Aminophylline was shown to inhibit Amaranthus cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase activity. 4. Incubation of seedlings with aminophylline
      inhibited the conversion of 6-[G--3H]benzyladenine into presumed 9- and 7
      glucosylbenzyladenine. 5. Induction of betacyanin synthesis by 6-benzyladenine or
      by exposure to red light was not accompanied by changes in the total cyclic AMP
      content in seedlings. 6. It is concluded that the inducers tested act as
      cytokinin analogues; no evidence was obtained to support cyclic AMP as an
      intermediate in the induction process.

PMID- 168875
TI  - Phase transitions in yeast mitochondrial membranes. The effect of temperature on
      the energies of activation of the respiratory enzymes of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae.
AB  - The effect of temperature on the activation energies of mitochondrial enzymes of
      the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined. Non-linear Arrhenius plots with
      discontinuities in the temperature range 14-19 degrees C and 19-22 degrees C were
      observed for the respiratory enzymes and mitochondrial ATPase (adenosine
      triphosphatase) respectively. A straight-line Arrhenius plot was observed for the
      matrix enzyme, malate dehydrogenase. The activation energies of the enzymes
      associated with succinate oxidation, namely, succinate oxidase, succinate
      dehydrogenase and succinate-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, were in the range 60
      85kJ/mol above the transition temperature and 90-160kJ/mol below the transition
      temperature. In contrast, the corresponding enzymes associated with NADH
      oxidation showed significantly lower activation energies, 20-35kJ/mol above and
      40-85kJ/mol below the transition temperature. The discontinuities in the
      Arrhenius plots were still observed after sonication, treatment with non-ionic
      detergents or freezing and thawing of the mitochondrial membranes.
      Discontinuities for cytochrome c oxidase activity were only observed in freshly
      isolated mitochondria, and no distinct breaks were observed after storage at -20
      degrees C. Mitochondrial ATPase activity still showed discontinuities after
      sonication and freezing and thawing, but a linear plot was observed after
      treatment with non-ionic detergents. The results indicate that the various
      enzymes of the respiratory chain are located in a similar lipid macroenvironment
      within the mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 168876
TI  - The relation between lipid mobility and the specific hormone binding of thyroid
      membranes.
AB  - 1. The specific binding of thyroid-stimulating hormone to isolated human thyroid
      membranes was examined under a variety of conditions. 2. In phosphate-saline
      buffer (in the presence of 0.14 M-NaCl) on increasing the temperature the binding
      of the hormone is increased, the plots of bound/free hormone against temperature
      showing a distinct break around 30 degrees C. 3. Detailed analysis showed that
      the increased binding is associated with an increase in the number of binding
      sites. 4. The motional characteristics of three membrane-bound fluorescent
      probes, 2-(9-anthroyl)palmitic acid, 12-(9-anthryl)stearic acid and N-1-naphthyl
      N-phenylamine, were also examined as a function of temperature by measuring both
      fluorescence polarizations and lifetimes. 5. The results indicated that the
      'fluidity' of membrane lipids also increased with temperature. The temperature
      dependence of this property also shows a change at about 30 degrees C. 6.
      Bivalent cations decreased both membrane fluidity and hormone binding. 7. Similar
      correlations were found between the binding of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and
      the fluidity of the plasma membranes obtained from adrenal-cortical cells, with
      the discontinuity occurring in this case at 23 degrees C. 8. The possibility of
      lipid mobility being important in controlling hormone-receptor function is
      discussed.

PMID- 168877
TI  - Subcellular localization of pulmonary antiotensin-converting enzyme (kininase
      II).
AB  - Goat antibodies to pig lung angiotensin-converting enzyme (kininase II) were
      conjugated to microperoxidase. Rat lung tissue, previously incubated with non
      immune goat serum, was incubated with the antibody-microperoxidase conjugate and
      then with H2O2 and 3,3-diaminobenzidine. Electron microscopy revealed reaction
      product on the plasma membrane and caveolae of endothelial cells, especially
      those of capillaries and venules. These results support the hypothesis that
      angiotensin I and bradykinin are metabolized by enzymes on the luminal surface of
      pulmonary endothelial cells.

PMID- 168878
TI  - Hepatic clearance of adenosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphate from plasma in the rat.
AB  - Rats were given intravenous injections of cyclic [3H]AMP and the disappearance of
      radioactivity from plasma and its appearance in bile were followed. Livers were
      removed and the cyclic [3H]AMP content was measured. The binding of radioactivity
      to soluble proteins was measured after preparations of a cytoplasmic fraction.
      Experiments in vitro to determine the ability of hepatic cytoplasmic proteins to
      bind cyclic [3H]AMP were also carried out. A role for cytoplasmic proteins in the
      clearance of cyclic AMP from plasma is discounted.

PMID- 168879
TI  - Kinetic studies on the reaction between cytochrome c oxidase and ferrocytochrome
      c.
AB  - In stopped-flow experiments in which oxidized cytochrome c oxidase was mixed with
      ferrocytochrome c in the presence of a range of oxygen concentrations and in the
      absence and presence of cyanide, a fast phase, reflecting a rapid approach to an
      equilibrium, was observed. Within this phase, one or two molecules of
      ferrocytochrome were oxidized per haem group of cytochrome a, depending on the
      concentration of ferrocytochrome c used. The reasons for this are discussed in
      terms of a mechanism in which all electrons enter through cytochrome a, which, in
      turn, is in rapid equilibrium with a second site, identified with 'visible'
      copper (830 nm-absorbing) Cud (Beinert et al., 1971). The value of the
      bimolecular rate constant for the reaction between cytochromes c2+ and a3+ was
      between 10(6) and 10(7) M(-1)-S(-1); some variability from preparation to
      preparation was observed. At high ferrocytochrome c concentrations, the initial
      reaction of cytochrome c2+ with cytochrome a3+ could be isolated from the
      reaction involving the 'visible' copper and the stoicheiometry was found to
      approach one molecule of cytochrome c2+ oxidized for each molecule of cytochrome
      a3+ reduced. At low ferrocytochrome c concentrations, however, both sites (i.e.
      cytochrome a and Cud) were reduced simultaneously and the stoicheiometry of the
      initial reaction was closer to two molecules of cytochrome c2+ oxidized per
      molecule of cytochrome a reduced. The bleaching of the 830 nm band lagged behind
      or was simultaneous with the formation of the 605 nm band and does not depend on
      the cytochrome c concentration, whereas the extinction at the steady-state does.
      The time-course of the return of the 830 nm-absorbing species is much faster than
      the bleaching of the 605 nm-absorbing component, and parallels that of the
      turnover phase of cytochrome c2+ oxidation. Additions of cyanide to the oxidase
      preparations had no effect on the observed stoicheiometry or kinetics of the
      reduction of cytochrome a and 'visible' copper, but inhibited electron transfer
      to the other two sites, cytochrome a3 and the undetectable copper, Cuu.

PMID- 168880
TI  - Glycogen phosphorylase and its converter enzymes in haemolysates of normal human
      subjects and of patients with type VI glycogen-storage disease. A study of
      phosphorylase kinase deficiency.
AB  - 1. The properties of phosphorylase a, phosphorylase b, phosphorylase kinase and
      phosphorylase phosphatase present in a human haemolysate were investigated. The
      two forms of phosphorylase have the same affinity for glucose 1-phosphate but
      greatly differ in Vmax. Phosphorylase b is only partially stimulated by AMP,
      since, in the presence of the nucleotide, it is about tenfold less active than
      phosphorylase a. In a fresh human haemolysate phosphorylase is mostly in the b
      form; it is converted into phosphorylase a by incubation at 20degreesC, and this
      reaction is stimulated by glycogen and cyclic AMP. Once activated, the enzyme can
      be inactivated after filtration of the haemolysate on Sephadex G-25. This
      inactivation is stimulated by caffeine and glucose and inhibited by AMP and
      fluoride. The phosphorylase kinase present in the haemolysate can also be
      measured by the rate of activation of added muscle phosphorylase b, on addition
      of ATP and Mg2+. 2. The activity of phosphorylase kinase was measured in
      haemolysates obtained from a series of patients who had been classified as
      suffering from type VI glycogenosis. In nine patients, all boys, an almost
      complete deficiency of phosphorylase kinase was observed in the haemolysate and,
      when it could be assayed, in the liver. A residual activity, about 20% of normal,
      was found in the leucocyte fraction, whereas the enzyme activity was normal in
      the muscle. These patients suffer from the sex-linked phosphorylase kinase
      deficiency previously described by others. Two pairs of siblings, each time
      brother and sister, displayed a partial deficiency of phosphorylase kinase in the
      haemolysate and leucocytes and an almost complete deficiency in the liver. This
      is considered as being the autosomal form of phosphorylase kinase deficiency.
      Other patients were characterized by a low activity of total (a+b) phosphorylase
      and a normal or high activity of phosphorylase kinase in their haemolysate.

PMID- 168881
TI  - Isolation and protein composition of membranes of neurosecretory vesicles and
      plasma membranes from the neural lobe of the bovine pituitary gland.
AB  - 1. Homogenates of neural lobes of bovine pituitary glands were fractionated by
      differential ultracentrifugation. 2. Neurosecretory vesicles were isolated by
      sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation and membranes were obtained after hypo
      osmotic lysis of the particles. 3. A method is described for the isolation of a
      preparation of purified neuronal plasma membranes by using a fraction enriched in
      nerve endings as a starting material. 4. The purity of the subcellular fractions
      was estimated by enzyme assays and by examination with the electron microscope.
      5. On the basis of the results it was estimated that neuronal plasma membranes
      constitute more than 30% of the protein of the nerve endings and neurosecretory
      vesicles more than 45% of the total amount of protein in the homogenate. 6. The
      proteins of membranes of neurosecretory vesicles and of plasma membranes were
      solubilized by means of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis of such preparations showed that both membranes contained a large
      number of proteins, including three glycoproteins.

PMID- 168882
TI  - Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in adipose tissue by insulin. Evidence for
      an effect of insulin on pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase.
AB  - 1. The mechanism by which insulin activates pyruvate dehydrogenase in rat
      epididymal adipose tissue was further investigated. 2. When crude extracts,
      prepared from tissue segments previously exposed to insulin (2m-i.u/ml) for 2min,
      were supplemented with Mg-2+, Ca-2+, glucose and hexokinase and incubated at 30
      degrees C, they displayed an enhanced rate of increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase
      activity compared with control extracts. 3. When similar extracts were instead
      supplemented with fluoride, ADP, creatine phosphate and creatine kinase, the rate
      of decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity observed during incubation at 30
      degrees C was unaffected by insulin treatment. 4. It is suggested that insulin
      increases the fraction of pyruvate dehydrogenase present in the tissue in the
      active dephospho form by increasing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase
      phosphate phosphatase.

PMID- 168883
TI  - The mannophosphoinositides of Corynebacterium aquaticum.
AB  - Besides the monomannophosphoinositide previously reported in Corynebacterium
      aquaticum small amounts of other, apparently more glycosylated,
      mannophosphoinositides have been identified in stationary phase cells. Moreover,
      by labelling cells with [32P]Pi, phosphatidylinositol was found, comprising about
      1.5% of the stationary-phase phospholipids. 2. Pulse-chase experiments performed
      on cells in the late exponential phase of growth further suggested the sequence
      phosphatidylinositol leads to monomannophosphoinositide as the first step in the
      biosynthesis of the mannophosphoinositides. 3. Di-and tri-mannophosphoinositides
      are apparently the main mannophosphoinositides present during exponential growth.
      Monomannophosphoinositide predominates only in late stationary phase; in the
      earlier stationary phase, phosphatidylinositol comprises 50% of the
      phosphoinositide lipid, and tetramannophosphoinositide constitutes much of the
      remainder. 4. The metabolism and functions of the mannophosphoinositides are
      discussed, particularly in relation to changes in their composition throughout
      the growth cycle.

PMID- 168884
TI  - Inactivation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase during germination and
      outgrowth of Bacillus cereus T endospores.
AB  - The specific activity and total activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC
      1.1.1.49) under conditions of complete cell breakage fall 10-20-fold during a 3h
      period of spore germination and outgrowth. The spores must germinate (lose
      refractility), but do not have to undergo outgrowth, for the loss of activity to
      occur. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity from cells as any stage of
      development is completely stable in extracts at 4 degrees C or 30 degrees C. All
      of the enzyme activity is found in a soluble (50000g supernatant) fraction and
      remains completely soluble throughout development. Soluble protein and total
      cellular protein remain constant for about 2h. Proteinases could not be detected
      or protein turnover demonstrated during the morphogenetic process.
      Phenylmethanesuophony fluoride and o-phenanthroline, inhibitors of proteolytic
      enzymes, do not prevent glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase inactivation when added
      to whole cells. Mixing experiments show no inhibitor of glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase to be present in late-stage cells. The enzyme is not excreted into
      the culture medium. Chloramphenicol and rifampicine immediately stop protein
      synthesis and development but not the inactivation of glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase. NaN3, 2,4-dinitrophenol or anaerobiosis immediately stop
      development and prevent the loss of enzyme activity. A requirement for metabolic
      energy is therefore probable. Extracts of spores pre-labelled with L[14C]leucine
      were made at various stages of morphogenesis and subjected to polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which was identified by a
      specific stain, did not lose 14C label, and therefore may not be degraded during
      the inactivation process.

PMID- 168885
TI  - Effect of a single oral dose of methanol, ethanol and propan-2-ol on the hepatic
      microsomal metabolism of foreign compounds in the rat.
AB  - Methanol and ethanol administered to rats as a single oral dose increased aniline
      hydroxylation by the hepatic microsomal fraction by a maximum of 169 and 66%
      respectively, whereas aminopyrine demethylation was inhibited by 51 and 61%. The
      concentration of microsomal cytochrome P-450, and the activities of NADPH
      cytochrome c reductase and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were unchanged.
      Propan-2-ol, administered as a single oral dose, increased microsomal aniline
      hydroxylation by 165% and increased aminopyrine demethylation by 83%. The
      concentration of cytochrome P-450 was unchanged whereas NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were both increased by 38%.
      Methanol, ethanol and propan-2-ol administration resulted in a decreased type I
      spectral change but had no effect on the reverse type I spectral change. Methanol
      administration decreased the type II spectral change whereas ethanol and propan-2
      ol had no effect. Cycloheximide blocked the increases in aniline hydroxylation
      and aminopyrine demethylation but could not completely prevent the decreases in
      aminopyrine demethylation. The increases in aniline hydroxylation were due to an
      increase in V, but Km was unchanged. The ability of acetone to enhance and
      compound SKF 525A to inhibit microsomal aniline hydroxylation was decreased by
      the administration of all three alcohols. The decrease in the metabolism of
      aminopyrine may result from a decrease in the binding to the type I site with a
      consequent failure of aminopyrine to stimulate the reduction of cytochrome P-450.
      Methanol administration may lead to an increase in aniline hydroxylation because
      of a failure of aniline to inhibit cytochrome P-450 reduction.

PMID- 168886
TI  - Inhibition of glucose 6-phosphatase by pure and impure C-type phospholipases.
      Reactivation by phospholipid dispersions and protection by serum albumin.
AB  - 1. Pure or impure C-type phospholipases hydrolysed rat liver microsomal
      phosphatides in situ at 5 degrees or 37 degrees C. At 5 degrees C mean hydrolysis
      of total phospholipids was 90% by Bacillus cereus and 75% by Clostridium
      perfringens (Clostridium welchii) C-type phospholipases. 2. Four degrees of
      inhibition of glucose 6-phosphatase (D-glucose 6-phosphate phosphohydrolase; EC
      3.1.3.9) resulted. (a) At 37 degrees C inhibition was virtually complete and
      apparently irreversible. (b) At 5 degrees C phospholipase C inhibited 50-87% of
      the activity expressed by intact control microsomal fractions. (c) Bovine serum
      albumin present during delipidation alleviated most of this inhibition: at 5
      degrees C phospholipase C plus bovine serum albumin inhibited by 0-35% (mean
      18%):simultaneous stimulation by the destruction of its latency seems to offset
      glucose 6-phosphatase inhibition, sometimes completely. (d) If latency was first
      destroyed, phospholipase C plus bovine serum albumin inhibited 30-50% of total
      glucose 6-phosphatase activity at 5 degrees C. Only this inhibition is likely
      largely to reflect the lower availability of phospholipids, essential for maximal
      enzyme activity, as it is virtually completely reversed by added phospholipid
      dispersions. Co-dispersions of phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidylcholine (1:1,
      w/w) were especially effective but Triton X-100 was unable effectively to restore
      activity. 3. Considerable glucose 6-phosphatase activity survived 240min of
      treatment with phospholipase C at 5 degrees C, but in the absence of substrate or
      at physiological glucose 6-phosphate concentrations the delipidated enzyme was
      completely inactivated within 10min at 37 degrees C. However, 80mM-glucose 6
      phosphate stabilized it and phospholipid dispersions substantially restored
      thermal stability. 4. It is concluded that glucose 6-phosphatase is at least
      partly phospholipid-dependent, and complete dependence is not excluded. For
      reasons discussed it is impossible yet to be certain which phospholipid class(es)
      the enzyme requires for activity.

PMID- 168887
TI  - Synthesis and sideedness of membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase
      (EC1.7.99.4) in Escherichia coli lacking cytochromes.
AB  - The synthesis of nitrate reductase and its incorporation into the cytoplasmic
      membrane of Escherichia coli strain A1004a (5-aminolaevulinic acid auxotroph)
      does not require synthesis of cytochrome b. The synthesis of the apoprotein(s) of
      the cytochrome b of the respiratory pathway from NADH to nitrate appears to be
      inhibited by the absence of haem. No member of the respiratory pathway from NADH
      to oxygen is capable of reducing nitrate reductase directly. The site on nitrate
      reductase that oxidizes FMNH2 is located on the cytoplasmic aspect of the
      cytoplasmic membrane.

PMID- 168888
TI  - Specificity of the effect of dietary cholesterol on rat liver microsomal 3
      hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase activity.
AB  - Dietary cholesterol lowers the activity of rat liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-CoA reductase without affecting various other liver microsomal
      enzymes. This is consistent with a specific regulatory mechanism and
      distinguishes the action of cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
      reductase from that of at least one other stimulus known to affect this enzyme.

PMID- 168889
TI  - Purification of cytochrome oxidase by using Sepharose-bound cytochrome c.

PMID- 168890
TI  - Marked reduction of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity in virally transformed
      mouse fibroblasts.

PMID- 168891
TI  - Transfer RNAs associated with the 70S RNA of AKR murine leukemia virus.

PMID- 168892
TI  - The presence of an inhibitor of RNA sulfurtransferase in Morris hepatomas.

PMID- 168893
TI  - Characterisation of the microfibrillar component of bovine ligamentum nuchae.

PMID- 168894
TI  - On the similarity between ribonuclease inhibitor and beta-estradiol receptor
      protein.

PMID- 168895
TI  - Carboxylic-phosphoric mixed anhydrides isosteric with AMP and ATP as reagents for
      enzymic AMP and ATP sites.

PMID- 168896
TI  - The distribution of the Ca++-dependent protein activator of cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase in invertebrates.

PMID- 168897
TI  - Antiviral activity of 5-ethyl pyrimidine deoxynucleosides.

PMID- 168898
TI  - Action of imidazole and metronidazole on the differentiation of Hartmannella
      culbertsoni.

PMID- 168899
TI  - Formation of angiotensin II from tetradecapeptide renin substrate by angiotensin
      converting enzyme.

PMID- 168900
TI  - Metabolic effects of hypoglycemic sulfonylureas-VI. Effects of chlorpropamide and
      carbutamide on ketogenesis and on mitochondrial redox state in the isolated
      perfused rat liver.

PMID- 168901
TI  - Studies on cytochrome b561 in amine storage granules.

PMID- 168902
TI  - Compartmentation of an ATP substrate pool for histamine and adrenaline sensitive
      adenylate cyclase in rat superior cervical ganglia.

PMID- 168903
TI  - The binding of quinidine to protein fractions of normal human sera.

PMID- 168904
TI  - The effect of isoproterenol on the metabolism of phosphatidylinositol by rat
      heart in vitro.

PMID- 168905
TI  - Retardation of colony growth of in vitro bone marrow culture using sera from
      patients with Felty's syndrome, disseminated lupus erythematosus (SLE),
      rheumatoid arthritis, and other disease states.
AB  - Whole sera and serum fractions from 24 patients with Felty's syndrome, 42
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 48 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA), as well as 30 patients with miscellaneous acute and chronic
      disease states, were studied for their effect on numbers of mouse bone marrow
      colonies grown on soft agar in the presence of human colony stimulating factor.
      Significant early retardation of mouse bone marrow colony counts was recorded in
      87.5 percent of Felty's sera, 43 percent of SLE sera, and 12.5 percent of sera
      from patients with uncomplicated RA. Forty percent of 30 other control patients
      with acute or chronic inflammatory diseases also showed  this activity. No
      diminution was noted with any of 40 normal control sera. Degree of marrow colony
      retardation could be directly correlated to amounts of test serum added. No
      single serum fraction isolated by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, or
      electrophoresis was identified as solely responsible for marrow growth
      retardation; however lipoprotein fractions including chylomicrons, LDL and HDL
      showed inhibiting activity in various sera.

PMID- 168906
TI  - Antibody levels to parainfluenza, rubella, measles, and influenza A virus in
      children with polymyositis.
AB  - The CF and HI antibody titers to rubella and measles viruses, the CF titers to
      influenxa A, and the HI titers to parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3 were carried out on
      the sera of 20 patients with childhood polymyositis and their matched controls.
      The titers for measles, parainfluenxa 1, and influenza A were slightly higher for
      patients than for controls. The control group had antibody titers to rubella and
      parainfluenza 2 and 3 higher than or similar to those of patients. Strong
      patterns or significant differences for a given virus or virus group were not
      encountered.

PMID- 168907
TI  - [Mechanisms of platelet aggregation inhibition caused by sulfonylurea compounds.
      4. Discussion, summary, and literature].
AB  - 6.1. It is known from the literature that in diabetes mellitus there is an
      increased tendency for the thrombocytes to aggregate. This fact represents a risk
      of thrombosis supplementary to the vascular wall lesions which develop in the
      course of this disease. An inhibition of platelet aggregation such as has
      recently been obse3rved in vitro under the influence of beta-cytotropic
      sulphonylureas (tolbutamide, glicalazide), must therefore be regarded as an
      additional, desired quality of action of these agents. 6.2. In an attempt to
      throw more light on this subject studies were conducted to discover whether an
      inhibition of platelet aggregation can be regarded as a basic property of all
      beta-cytotropic antidiabetic agents and whether dissociation exists between this
      property and the hypoglycemic effect. The possible existence of evidence for
      identical or similar sites of action of sulphonylureas on the control system of
      the thrombocytes, beta-cells and the liver was also investigated, the main point
      of interest being whether sulphonylurea derivatives exert their effects via the
      adenylate cyclase -cAMP-system. The thrombocytes were also used to discover
      whteher ss-cytotropic antidiabetic agents, such as non-steroidal antiphlogistic
      compounds, inhibit the synthesis of aggregation-promoting prostaglandins (PGE2).
      6.3. The influence on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced thrombocyte aggregation
      has been dtudied in vitro with platelet rich rat plasma (PRP) using a
      turbidimetric method. Preliminary studies have also been conducted with PRP
      obtained after previous treatment of the donor animals...

PMID- 168908
TI  - Beta-phenylethylamine and locomotor activity in mice. Interaction with
      catecholaminergic neurones and receptors.
AB  - Beta-Phenylethylamine on injection into mice produced both an early and late
      phase of increased locomotor activity. The early phase produced by 50 mg
      phenylethylamine/kg was inhibited by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine,
      phentolamine, alpha-methyl-tyrosine, diethyldithiocarbamate, pimozide and
      haloperidol, but not by propranolol, protriptyline and reserpine. The late phase
      produced by 100 mg phenylethylamine/kg was blocked only by pimozide and
      haloperidol, both of these in doses at least ten times higher than those required
      to block the early phase. From these results it was concluded that the increased
      early phase of locomotor activity was due to the release of dopamine and
      noradrenaline synthetic pathway, but not intact reserpine sensitive amine stores.
      In contrast the late phase of locomotor activity was independent of catecholamine
      stores and appeared to be produced by a direct action by either phenylethylamine
      or metabolites on dopamine receptors.

PMID- 168909
TI  - Changes in rabbit lipoprotein properties by dietary cholesterol, and saturated
      and polyunsaturated fats.
AB  - Plasma lipids and chemical, electrophoretic and electron microscopic properties
      of VLDL, LDL and HDL are examined in rabbits fed a control diet (group I) or
      diets containing 1% cholesterol (group II), 1% cholesterol + 5% coconut oil
      (group III) or 1% cholesterol + 5% corn oil (group IV). The diets II, III and IV
      resulted in hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperphospholipidemia.
      The lipid-protein composition of VLDL, LDL and HDL is changed by these diets.
      There is marked increase in the total cholesterol content of all lipoprotein
      fractions of the high fat dietary groups II, III and IV. The electrophoretic
      mobilities of the VLDL and LDL II and III are reduced while the respective
      mobilities in the corn oil group IV are nearly "normal". In contrast to the
      control LDL fraction I which is not precipitated by heparin, the LDL fractions of
      the dietary groups II, III and IV are readily precipitated. The apoprotein
      pattern of the lipoproteins in polyacrylamide gel differs distinctly between the
      dietary groups, most bands appearing in group IV. An abnormal stacking of
      lipoprotein particles in electron micrographs of VLDL, LDL and HDL of groups II
      and III can be observed. In contrast, these lipoprotein fractions of rabbits of
      the corn oil group IV have morphological properties that are similar to those of
      the lipoproteins of the control group. It is suggested that these findings are
      related to the marked reduction of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a diet with
      polyunsaturated fat as compared with rabbits on cholesterol and cholesterol
      coconut oil diets.

PMID- 168910
TI  - [Aortic development and ageing in the rat aorta -- Comparative histochemical and
      histoenzymological study (author's transl)].
AB  - A comparative study was made of 36 aortic enzyme activities (E.A.) and 6
      macromelecular substances at different stages of ontogenesis in 49 male rats. In
      the foetal aorta (19th day) the E.Z. were moderate or weak and restricted to a
      few metabolic pathways: glycolysis, diaphorases, esterolysis of some nucleotides
      and glucosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism. During the neonatal period (1st-3rd day),
      the pre-existing E.A. increased; some aerobic and lipolytic activities became
      histochemically detectable; longitudinal and radial gradients became established.
      These changes seemed to provide evidence of increased morphogenic activities and
      metabolic exchanges. During the prepuberty and puberty period (10-20th day-2nd
      month) all the E.A., as well as metachromasis and pyroniophilia increased, and
      new E.A. appeared (GluDH, GPDH, 5/Nase, Ac.Pase-Ca++, Mg++, pH 7.2). These
      changes appeared to be related to cell proliferation and connective tissue
      increase during the period of fast aortic growth. The increase of some E.A.
      (Est/ase, Ch. est, ATPase-Ca++, Mg++, 5/Nase, Alk. Pase) suggested a correlation
      between enzymatic differentiation and hormonal maturation. During adulthood (6
      12th month), the E.A. were stable except for 5/Nase, lysosomal and lipolytic
      activities which increased. Some E.A. were found to be high (diaphorases,
      glycolytic and esterolytic enzymes), or moderate (aerobic oxidoreductases,
      lysosome, lipolysis and GAG-linked E.A.), while others were weak or absent
      (glycogen pathway E.A.). These observations seemed to correlate with synthetic
      processes and defence mechanisms. Ageing (17th month) was characterized by an
      increase of metachromatic GAG and acid lipids and by a decrease of
      pyroninophillia. Lysosome, glycolysis and phospholipogenesis-linked E.A.
      increased. In some animals (individual reactivity) kreb's cycle and lypolysis
      E.A. decreased.

PMID- 168911
TI  - Familial hyper-HDL-(a)-cholesterolemia.
AB  - In one family the mother, two children and a maternal aunt showed a
      hypercholesterolemic state characterized by a unusually high percentage of
      cholesterol in ultracentrifugally-recovered HDL-(a)-LP. An intensely stained a
      band was present in all these subjects both in plasma and in ultracentrifugal
      fraction, with d greater than 1063. Symptoms or signs due to the
      hypercholesterolemic state were not present. The father was affected by Type IIA
      hypercholesterolemia. This lipid defect was also present in one of the two
      children.

PMID- 168912
TI  - Failure to detect antibody against Gross virus in tetraparental AKR reversible
      CBA mouse chimaeras.
AB  - In spite of early acquisition upon the germ line, tolerance to the Gross (gs)
      virus is short-lived in the AKR. From about the age of 3 months anti-gs
      antibodies occur and these complex with the corresponding viral antigens. Such
      complexes are best seen in the glomeruli by means of immunofluorescence. In
      marked contrast to the AKR, renal complexes were minimal in a group of AKR
      reversible CBA/H-T6 chimaeras derived by early embryo aggregation. This was
      particularly surprising since large numbers of type C murine leukaemia virus-like
      particles were identified in the chimaeras and the tissues were found to be
      saturated with gs antigen. The lack of renal antigen-antibody complexes was the
      first suggestion that anti-gs antibody might not be present in the chimaeras and
      renal elution studies here support this assumption. In contrast to the AKR where
      "split " renal eluates have been shown to have anti-gs activity, no activity was
      demonstrated in eluates from any of the chimaras. Tolerance to the oncogenic
      Gross virus in the chimaeras has to be attributed to the CBA parental strain
      component and since this component is also held responsible for the tumour
      resistance of these chimaeras, both phenomena could well be related. In this
      context it would appear that in the absence of masking by antibody viral
      antigenic complexes, tumour specific sites can be recognized in the chimaeras and
      unlike the AKR "normal" tumour immunity can be effected. This hypothesis is
      currently bei-ng tested.

PMID- 168913
TI  - Transformation of human cells by SV40 virus.
AB  - Fibroblast cultures were prepared from skin biopsies from 29 patients and tested
      for their susceptibility to transformation by simian virus SV40. Cells with a
      normal chromosome complement showed a mean transformation frequency of 25/106
      cells but for cells from a single patient with Fanconi's anaemia, the value was
      152/106 cells. An increased susceptibility to transformation was observed for
      cells from 6 patients with Down's syndrome 3 patients with trisomy 18, a patient
      with trisomy 18 for 5% of cells and a patient with trisomy 13. No increased
      susceptibility to transformation was found for cells with a chromosome complement
      of XO, XXY, XX/XX + 8, XX + partial 15q or XX + 9p. The susceptiability to
      transformation was related to susceptibility to SV40 virus infection, as measured
      by the number of infected cells which contained SV40 virus induced T antigen.
      This latter test was technically easier to perform and could serve to detect
      persons of increased susceptiability to transformation, since this may indicate
      an increased risk of natural malignant disease.

PMID- 168914
TI  - High affinity oestradiol receptors and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase and lactose synthetase in mammary carcinomata of postmenopausal
      women.
AB  - The determination of hormone inducible proteins in endocrine tumours may yield
      information about the presence of hormone dependent tumour cells. We have
      estimated the high affinity oestradiol binding capacity in primary mammary
      carcinomata of 57 postmenopausal patients. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and
      lactose synthetase are known from animal experiments to be hormone inducible.
      Therefore, in biopsies of sufficient size the activity of glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (47 pateints) and lactose synthetase (23 patients) was also
      studied. It was found that biopsies with high binding capacity also showed high
      activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactose synthetase A protein
      (galactosyl transferase). No lactose synthetase B protein (alpha-lactalbumin) has
      been discovered in the tumours. The present observations may be considered
      suggestive evidence of a relationship between high oestradiol binding capcity and
      high activities of the two enzymes on the one hand and hormone dependence of the
      tumour on the other. However, further clinical studies are required before final
      conclusions in this respect can be drawn.

PMID- 168915
TI  - Activation of murine leukaemia virus under different physiological conditions.
AB  - The leukaemic lesions in intact and ovariectomized mice of strain ICRC, induced
      with 20-methylcholanthrene (20-MCA) in combination with or without hormones were
      investigated for the presence of mouse leukaemia virus (MuLV) by (i) bioassays
      and (ii) electron microscopy. The different experimental groups treated with 20
      MCA were (i) intact females, (ii) ovariectomized females, (iii) ovariectomized
      females with pituitary graft, (iv) ovariectomized females with 10 mug
      oestradiol/day for 30 days and (v) ovariectomized females with 1 mug oestradiol
      together with 1 mg progesteron/day for 30 days. It was possible to transmit
      nearly all these experimentally induced leukaemias to syngeneic mice through
      acellular extracts, compared with very poor transmissibility of spontaneous
      leukaemias in the ICRC strain, indicating functional activation of viral agents
      on combined treatment with carcinogen and hormones. Potency of the acellular
      leukaemic extract from the mice of group (ii) without the ovarian hormones was
      much weaker than that from mice of the other experimental groups. The
      leukaemogenic activity of MuLV was enhanced on serial transmission in syngeneic
      hosts. Leukaemic lesions of ovariectomized mice treated with 20-MCA and
      oestradiol were also transmissible to the sucklings of allogeneic mice of strain
      C3H-MTV, C57-BL and Dba-MTV. The cell-free supernatant medium of the cultures of
      these leukaemic lesions induced leukaemias on back inoculation into syngeneic
      mice. Electron microscopic studies of lesions induced with carcinogen and
      oestradiol consistently showed abundant intracytoplasmic type A particles.
      Numerous intracytoplasmic type A particles as well as some type B particles were
      found in the leukaemic tissues of ovariectomized females treated with MCA and
      oestradiol combined with progesterone. Type C particles, characteristic of MuLV
      were seen in the leukaemic tissues of all other experimental groups. These
      findings indicate a significant influence of the physiological condition of the
      host, particularly the hormonal make up, on expression and activity of specific
      viral agents.

PMID- 168916
TI  - Prostaglandins and cyclic AMP in epidermis. Evidence for the independent action
      of prostaglandins and adrenaline on the adenyl cyclase system of pig and human
      epidermis, normal and psoriatic.
AB  - Prostaglandins E1 and E2 stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation in pig epidermis and
      in human epidermis from patients with psoriasis. Prostaglandins A1,A2 and F2alpha
      are relatively ineffective. The fact that this stimulation is not inhibited by a
      beta-blocker (propranolol) and that the stimulation by prostaglandin E2 and
      adrenaline is additive indicates that each drug acts independently on the
      epidermal adenyl cyclase system. In other words, prostaglandins E1 and E2 act on
      a site other than the beta-receptor of adenyl cyclase in epidermis. The
      stimulation by prostaglandins E1 and E2 is not additive; hence they probably act
      on the same site. Concentrations of prostaglandin E above 3X10(-7) M are
      effective in causing stimulation. This concentration may be within the
      physilogical range and the contribution of endogenous prostaglandin levels in the
      control of intracellular cyclic AMP levels cannot be disregarded.

PMID- 168917
TI  - Adsorption of syndiotactic and isotactic poly(2-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) on quartz
      surface.
AB  - Poly(2-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) inhibits the cytotoxic effects of quartz in cell
      cultures but the syndiotactic polymer behaves differently from the isotactic and
      atactic polymers. In each case approximately 1-0 mg/m2 of the polymer represents
      the adsorption maximum. No difference has been found between the adsorption
      isotherms of the stereoisomeric polymers or the stability of the adsorbed layers.
      The layers are not removed by repeated washing. The observations do not support
      the theory that the poly(2-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) is active because it coats the
      quartz surface.

PMID- 168918
TI  - Permeation of a spin-label phosphate into the human erythrocyte.
AB  - The reduction of spin-labels by human erythrocytes can be used to follow their
      penetration into these cells. The neutral spin-label alcohol Tempol (4-hydroxy
      2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl) diffuses through the membrane very
      quickly. The membrane is virtually impermeable to the positively charged spin
      label Tempo-choline (N,N-dimethyl-N-(2',2',6',6'-tetramethyl-4'-piperidinyl-1
      oxyl)-2-hydroxyethylammonium chloride). The negatively charged spin-label Tempo
      phosphate (4-phospho-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-l-oxyl) is reduced at 37
      degrees, with a half-time of about 1 hr. The reduction occurs internally
      following the rate-limiting transport of the label across the erythrocyte
      membrane. Reduction of this spin-label is greatly diminished by the specific
      inhibitor of anion transport, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic
      acid (SITS). The rate of transport depends strongly on the transmembrane
      electrical potential.

PMID- 168920
TI  - Some experiments on the primary electron acceptor in reaction centres from
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
AB  - The bacterial reaction center absorbance change at 450 nm (A-450) assigned to an
      anionic semiquinone, has been suggested as a candidate for the reduced form of
      the primary electron acceptor in bacterial photosynthesis. In reaction centers of
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides we have found kinetic discrepancies between the
      decay of A-450 and the recovery of photochemical competence. In addition, no
      proton uptake is measurable on the first turnover, although subsequent ones
      elicit one proton bound per electron. These results are taken to indicate that
      the acceptor reaction after a long dark period may be different for the first
      turnover than for subsequent ones. It is suggested that A-450 is still a likely
      candidate for the acceptor function but that in reaction centers, additional
      quinone may act as an adventitious primary acceptor when the "true" primary
      acceptor is reduced. Alternatively, the primary acceptor may act in a "ping-pong"
      fashion with respect to subsequent photoelectrons.

PMID- 168919
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of electron transport in the bc1-segment of the
      respiratory chain in yeast. II. The binding of antimycin to mitochondrial
      particles and the function of two different binding sites.
AB  - 1. In mitochondrial particles antimycin binds to two separate specific sites with
      dissociation constants KD1 less than 4 - 10(-13) M and KD2 = 3 - 10(-9) M,
      respectively. 2. The concentrations of the two antimycin binding sites are about
      equal. The absolute concentration for each binding site is about 100 - 150 pmol
      per mg of mitochondrial protein. 3. Antimycin bound to the stronger site mainly
      inhibits NADH-and succinate oxidase. Binding of antimycin to the weaker binding
      site inhibits the electron flux to exogenously added cytochrome c after blocking
      cytochrome oxidase by KCN. 4. Under certain conditions cytochrome b and c1 are
      dispensible components for antimycin-sensitive electron transport. 5. A model of
      the respiratory chain in yeast is proposed which accounts for the results
      reported here and previously. (Lang, B., Burger, G., and Bandlow, W. (1974)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 368, 71-85).

PMID- 168921
TI  - Laser-flash-activated electron paramagnetic resonance studies of primary
      photochemical reactions in chloroplasts.
AB  - Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of the primary reactants of Photosystems
      I and II have been conducted at cryogenic temperatures after laser-flash
      activation with monochromatic light.P-700 photooxidation occurs irreversibly in
      chloroplasts and in Photosystem I fragments after activation with a 730 nm laser
      flash at a temperature of 35 degrees K. Flash activation of chloroplasts or
      Photosystem II chloroplast fragments with 660 nm light results in the production
      of a free-radical signal (g = 2.002, linewidth approximately 8 gauss) which
      decays with a half-time of 5.0 ms at 35 degrees K. The half-time of decay is
      independent of temperature in the range of 10-77 degrees K. This reversible
      signal can be eliminated by preillumination of the sample at 35 degrees K with
      660 nm light (but not by 730 nm light), by preillumination with 660 nm light at
      room temperature in the presence of 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1'-dimethylurea
      (DCMU) plus hydroxylamine, or by adjustment of the oxidation-reduction potential
      of the chloroplasts to - 150 mV prior to freezing. In the presence of
      ferricyanide (20-50 mM), two free-radical signals are photoinduced during a 660
      nm flash at 35 degrees K. One signal decays with a half-time of 5 ms, whereas the
      second signal is formed irreversibly. These results are discussed in terms of a
      current model for the Photosystem II primary reaction at low temperature which
      postulates a back-reaction between P-680+ and the primary electron acceptor.

PMID- 168922
TI  - Stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer by phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.95) has been shown to be A site specific
      in its hydrogen transfer capacity unlike other dehydrogenases which use
      phosphorylated substrates. The experiments have been carried out using a coupled
      assay system with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. The specific activity measurements
      of the reaction products indicate the possible influence of an isotope effect on
      this system.

PMID- 168923
TI  - Further characterization of bovine thyroid prostaglandin synthase.
AB  - 1. Prostaglandin synthase activity (EC 1.14.99.1) was demonstrated in bovine
      thyroid homogenates. 2. The synthase was characterized and shares many
      characteristics of the well-studied seminal vesicle enzyme and can be inhibited
      by indomethacin and eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid. 3. The enzyme is localized
      in the microsomal fraction and is probably associated with the plasma membranes.
      4. Thyrotropin, but no other hormone tested, increased the activity of the enzyme
      when added to a microsomal fraction obtained from bovine thyroid. This effect is
      tissue-specific since thyrotropin has no effect on bovine seminal esicle or lung
      prostaglandin synthase. 5. Thyrotropin, cyclic AMP and the phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors, theophylline and quazodine increase enzyme activity when preincubated
      with bovine thyroid slices. 6. EDTA, when included in the pre-incubation mixture,
      enhances the thyrotropin effect on the enzyme but not the cyclic AMP,
      theophylline, or quazodine augmentation of enzyme activity in bovine thyroid
      slices. This suggests that phospholipase A is involved in the thyrotropin
      stimulation of prostaglandin formation.

PMID- 168924
TI  - A reactive arginine in adenylate kinase.
AB  - Adenylate kinase (ATP:AMP phosphotransferase, EV 2.7.4.3) from pig heart is
      inactivated by the specific arginyl reagent phenylglyoxal. During inactivation
      two molecules of phenyglyoxal are incorporated into the protein indicating the
      modification of one of the 11 arginine residues. The modification of other amino
      acids is ruled out. Chemical modification of this essential residue is prevented
      by high concentrations of the substrates AMP, ADP and MgATP2-. The protection of
      the substrates is explained by the formation of a ternary abortive enzyme
      substrate complex ESS. The dissociation constants KD = [ES] - [S]/[ESS] are
      determined from the kinetic data of inactivation and protection.

PMID- 168925
TI  - A physical explanation of the EPR spectrum observed during catalysis by enzymes
      utilizing coenzyme B12.
AB  - We have proposed that the "doublet" EPR spectra observed during catalysis by a
      number of coenzyme B12-requiring enzymes arises from a weak electrostatic
      exchange interaction between an organic free radical and low spin Co(II), B12r.
      By varying the magnitude of the exchange of coupling we have quite accurately
      simulated the published EPR spectra from the enzyme systems: diol dehydrase,
      glycerol dehydrase, ribonucleotide reductase, and ethanolamine ammon-ia lyase. A
      dipolar model was shown to be incompatible with the observed properties of these
      systems.

PMID- 168926
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the plasma membrane of L-1210 cells. Iodination
      as a marker for the plasma membrane.
AB  - Mouse leukemia L-1210 cells were iodinated with 125I; this permitted the
      development of a method for the isolation of the plasma membranes. These show a
      10- to 16-fold increase in the specific activity of 125I over that of the cell
      homogenate and a 20-fold increase in the specific activities of 5'-nucleotidase
      and alkaline phosphatase; 20-fold increase in the specific activities of 5'
      nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase; no mitochondrial or microsomal marker
      enzyme activities were detected. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of
      the plasma membranes shows approx. 40 peptides with molecular weights ranging
      from 10 000 to over 200 000; a polypeptide (Mr 50 000) predominates. Of 13
      iodinated surface membrane proteins, the major radioactive peptide has a
      molecular weight of 85 000. The importance of the selection of the appropriate
      gel system for the analysis of membrane proteins is emphasized.

PMID- 168927
TI  - Modulation of the distribution of plasma membrane intramembranous particles in
      contact-inhibited and transformed cells.
AB  - The intrinsic organization of the plasma membrane differs in normal and
      transformed cells. With the technique of freeze fracture and electron microscopy
      contact inhibited 3T3 cells have been shown to contain aggregated plasma membrane
      intramembranous particles, while transformed cells demonstrate a uniform particle
      distribution. The distribution of intramembrous particles in transformed cells
      can be affected by colchicine or vinblastine which induces a dose- and time
      dependent particle aggregation. These observations suggest that microtubules and
      other membrane-associated colchicine-sensitive proteins probably influence the
      distribution of intrinsic membrane proteins and intramembranous particles in
      nucleated mammalian cells. An aggregated particle distribution has been observed
      in 3T3 cells or colchicine-treated transformed cells frozen in media, phosphate
      buffered saline or following brief exposure to glycerol, sucrose or dimethyl
      sulfoxide containing solutions, independent of whether specimens were rapidly
      frozen from 37 degrees C, room temperature or 4 degrees C incubations. Cells
      briefly stabilized in 1% formaldehyde yields similar patterns of particle
      distribution as cells rapidly frozen in media or cryoprotectants. Glutaraldehyde
      fixation of cells, however, appears to alter the fracturing process in these
      cells, as visualized by an altered fracture face appearance, decreased numbers of
      particles, and no particle aggregates. Differences in membrane organization
      between normal and transformed cells have therefore been demonstrated using a
      series of preparative methods and colchicine and vinblastine have been shown to
      modulate intramembranous particle distribution in transformed 3T3 cells.

PMID- 168928
TI  - Fluid lipid fraction in rod outer segment membrane.
AB  - Rod outer segment membrane is analyzed using the spin resonance label technique
      by means of two probes. The solubility of the first label,2,2,6,6
      tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl, is correlated with the membrane fluidity which is
      measured using a stearic acid spin probe. The two values are compared to the
      solubility-fluidity relationship which characterizes a model system in which all
      lipids are in a fluid state. The analysis leads to the conclusion that only two
      thirds of the membrane lipids are fluid. This conclusion is reinforced by the
      observation that partial lipid removal leaves rigid lipids associated with the
      rhodopsin molecules.

PMID- 168929
TI  - Interactions of lectins with (Na+ + K+)-ATPase of eel electric organ.
AB  - Interaction of lectins with a detergent-solubilized ATPase from eel electric
      organ was studied. Concanavalin A, which binds to alpha-mannosides, altered the
      rate of enzyme migration in agar and inhibited the formation of an antigen
      antibody precipitate: other lectins had no such effects. Concanavalin A similar
      amounts partially inhibited (Na+ + K+)-ATPase; this inhibition was reversible by
      alpha-methylglucoside. There was no corresponding effect of concanavalin A on the
      potassium p-nitrophenylphosphatase. Concanavalin A also did not interfere with
      ouabain binding. Thus, concanavalin A binds to an antigenic region also involved
      in Na+ and/or ATP binding, but does not interact with a K+ site.

PMID- 168930
TI  - Stimulated phosphorylation of non-histone phosphoproteins in SV-40 transformed WI
      38 human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - Because the phosphorylation of non-histone proteins has been suggested to play a
      role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription, we have compared the
      phosphorylation of these proteins in normal and SV-40 transformed WI-38 human
      diploid fibroblasts. The rate of phosphorylation was found to be roughly ten-fold
      higher in the transformed cells, and this striking difference could not be
      accounted for by either an increased rate of phosphate transport or by the
      synthesis of new species of non-histone proteins which subsequently become
      phosphorylated. To our knowledge this is the most dramatic alteration in non
      histone protein phosphorylation ever described, and therefore may have important
      implications for our understanding of malignant transformation.

PMID- 168931
TI  - A vascular permeability factor in lymphocyte culture supernants from patients
      with nephrotic syndrome. II. Pharmacological and physicochemical properties.
AB  - Pharmacological properties of the "Skin Reactive Factor" demonstrated in
      nephrotic patients are similar to guinea-pig Skin Reactive Factor. This
      biological activity is not antagonized by anti-histaminic and anti-serotonin
      drugs. It is inhibited by meclofenamate and pyridinolcanbamate. It is enhanced by
      diethyldithiocarbamate and normal human serum. According to this results it could
      be an activator of the kinin system. Biochemical studies indicate that it is a
      pepsin destroyed protein, unaffected by Rnase and Dnase. Its electrophoretic
      mobility is that of an albumin or an alpha1 globulin.

PMID- 168932
TI  - Mathematical analysis of multienzyme systems. I. Modelling of the glycolysis of
      human erythrocytes.
AB  - A mathematical model for the glycolysis of human erythrocytes is presented which
      takes into account ATP-synthesis and -consumption. A set of three differential
      equations describes the steady states and the time-dependent changes of the
      metabolite concentrations under blood storage conditions. For a given parameter
      combination there are in general three stationary points of the system, one of
      which is unstable. At a low ATP-need the ATP-level is relatively constant for
      variations in the rate constant of the ATP-consuming processes. Above a critical
      level of the energy consumption the system breaks down. An important role of the
      2.3P2G-bypass of the erythrocytes is its action as an "energy buffer", wasting
      ATP in case of ATP-overproduction and producing ATP in case of underproduction. A
      parameter combination consistent with the data on the isolated enzymes was found
      which gives a good agreement of theoretical predictions with the measured
      metabolite concentrations. Under blood preservation conditions the difference of
      the rates of ATP-production and -consumption is the most important factor for a
      high ATP-level over long periods.

PMID- 168933
TI  - The response of oscillating glycolysis to perturbations in the NADH/NAD system: a
      comparison between experiments and a computer model.
AB  - The glycolytic pathway is described by a set of coupled non linear differential
      equations of first order with respect to time. The individual terms of these
      equations consist of enzyme velocities assuming a steady state hypothesis for the
      enzymatic forms. These are specified and the system is solved numerically.
      Oscillations are explained by interaction of PFK with the adenylate system. The
      conditions for the occurrence of oscillations are tested in a series of computer
      runs. The phase relations between intermediates of the model agree with those
      found in yeast cells. As an application of the model the disturbation of
      oscillations by the addition of acetaldehyde is simulated. The predictions of the
      model agree with experimental results.

PMID- 168934
TI  - New vistas for P-aminobenzoate participation in the biosynthesis of dihydro
      folate: a tentative model of the tetrahydro folate multienzyme complex.

PMID- 168935
TI  - A negative control model of hormone receptor interaction.
AB  - An original model of hormone-receptor interaction is proposed: the hormone would
      interact with its receptor by dissociating a regulatory unit from a catalytic
      unit, which, freed from the negative constraint exerted by the regulatory unit,
      would become active. It is shown that such a model shares some features with
      negatively cooperative models: 1. Scatchard plot has a hyperbolic shape; 2.
      Dissociation of bound labeled hormone, promoted by chemical dilution is enhanced
      by an excess of cold hormone. A new graph, in which the ratio between the square
      of bound hormone concentration and the free hormone concentration is plotted
      against the bound hormone concentration, allows a discrimination between both
      models. Moreover, the behavior of a negatively controlled receptor unlike a
      negatively cooperative one, is critically dependent on its physical state
      (soluble or particulate). The possible application of this model to hormone
      responsive adenylate cyclases and other biochemical systems, such as cAMP
      dependent protein kinases, is mentioned.

PMID- 168936
TI  - Letter: Clomiphene in investigation of ovulatory failure.

PMID- 168938
TI  - Cytomegalovirus in female patients attending a VD clinic.
AB  - A study of 531 female patients attending a venereal disease clinic was undertaken
      to assess the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the cervix. The findings were
      as follows: (1) 35 of 531 patients had positive cervical cultures for CMV (6-6
      per cent.). (2) 28 of 531 patients were positive for Herpes virus hominis (5-3
      per cent.). (3) Excluding those who were pregnant, 20 of 28 with CMV were taking
      oral contraceptives (71 per cent.). (4) Seven babies born to infected mothers
      showed no signs of cytomegalic inclusion disease. (5) 28 of 35 with CMV had
      associated genital infections (80 per cent.). (6) Positive cultures were obtained
      in twenty cases for periods up to 10 months. (7) The CMV complement-fixation test
      was positive in all 23 patients with positive CMV cultures who were tested. (8)
      Seven male consorts were examined but CMV was not isolated from any of them. (9)
      A case of CMV mononucleosis was detected. It is suggested that the higher
      incidence in patients attending a VD clinic is due to the presence of CMV in the
      cervix predisposing to other genital infections rather than to its being sexually
      transmitted.

PMID- 168937
TI  - Importance of the so-called 'other' sexually-transmitted diseases.
AB  - (1) Some data are presented concerning the frequency and potential morbidity of
      sexually-transmitted organisms other than T. pallidum or N. gonorrhoeae. (2) Most
      of the diseases with which these organisms are associated are more prevalent than
      syphilis and some, at least in one sex, are as common as gonorrhoea. A number
      appear to carry considerable morbidity, which in the case of Type II herpes virus
      -if it is responsible for cervical cancer--may ultimately cause more fatalities
      than syphilis. (3) It is concluded: (a) that, if syphilis and gonorrhoea were
      reduced to the point of representing no public health concern, many other
      sexually-transmitted conditions would still remain to pose significant problems:
      and (b) that health education and other methods of prevention should, where
      possible, be designed to take into consideration the epidemiological implications
      of the other organisms listed.

PMID- 168939
TI  - Control of sleep states in the rat by short light-dark cycles.
AB  - The effects of 60-60 min light-dark (LD) cycles on sleep, feeding, drinking and
      motor activity were investigated in the rat. Waking, consummatory behaviour and
      motor activity were inhibited by light, while sleep was enhanced. The effects
      were dependent on the intensity of light. The percentage of slow wave sleep (SS)
      increased within the first 15 min of the light period and reached a plateau
      within 30 min. The reduction of SS during darkness showed a similar time-course.
      The percentage of paradoxical sleep (PS) started to increase only 15 min after
      the onset of light and continued to rise during the first 15 min of darkness. All
      parameters exhibited a free-running circadian rhythm. The LD-induced changes of
      SS were largest during the circadian phase in which the animal was active. The
      changes of PS which succeeded the onset or offset of light, were largest in the
      inactive circadian phase. The most immediate influence of changes in illumination
      is exerted on the slow wave component of sleep. Hypotheses to account for the
      temporary dissociation between the two sleep states are discussed.

PMID- 168940
TI  - The relation of hippocampal theta activity to arousal, attentive behaviour and
      somato-motor movements in unrestrained cats.
AB  - EEG recordings of hippocampal theta activity and neocortical activity were
      correlated with direct observations and photographic recordings of the behaviour
      of unrestrained cats. The behaviour studied included (1) both spontaneous and
      induced changes in level of arousal (sleep-wakefulness), (2) different types of
      orienting activity that occur as the animal is repeatedly exposed to a novel
      environment, and (3) activities such as walking, drinking, and grooming. With
      increases in arousal, amount of hippocampal theta activity increased in direct
      association with extent of pupillary dilatation, degree of eye opening, and
      extent of neocortical desynchronization. Conversely, with spontaneous or
      habituation-induced reductions of arousal, amount of hippocampal theta activity
      became reduced. Maximal hippocampal theta activity was associated with the
      increased eye movement phase of REM sleep and, during wakefulness, with fixed
      staring and visual searching behaviour ('tonic' orienting activity). In contrast,
      hippocampal theta activity was suppressed or attenuated during reflexive head
      turning ('phasic' orienting behaviour) and other stereotyped movements such as
      drinking, grooming and undirected locomotor activity unaccompanied by attentive
      behaviour. These results suggest that theta activity is primarily related to
      arousal and its control by attentional mechanisms.

PMID- 168941
TI  - Postfacial palsy phenomena: faulty nerve regeneration or ephaptic transmission?
AB  - Certain postfacial palsy phenomena--'facial contracture', 'crocodile tears', etc.
      -have been examined in relation to faulty misrouting of the nerve fibers, which
      thus far has been offered as an explanation for such phenomena. Analogy is made
      with the problem of hemifacial spasm, occurring without antecedant facial palsy.
      It is seen that the two conditions have many things in common and are amenable to
      similar methods of therapy--such as surgical decompression of the facial nerve
      without interrupting its fibers or by pharmacological blocking of the facial
      nerve. Evidence is presented to support the thesis that both the hemifacial spasm
      and the postfacial palsy phenomena (and a number of other neurological disorders)
      are due to formation of an 'artificial synapse' (an ephapse) at the site of nerve
      injury. This would allow for crossing over of impulses from one nerve fiber to
      another and interaction between afferent and efferent axons, analogous to the
      situation of bare, uninsulated electrical wires plac

PMID- 168942
TI  - An electrotonically coupled pathway in the central nervous system of some teleost
      fish, Gymnotidae and Mormyridae.
AB  - Morphological and physiological results indicate that the magnocellular
      mesencephalic nucleus (MMN) is characteristic of all species of weakly electric
      fish, so far investigated. The potentials recorded from this nucleus are due to
      the fish's own electric organ discharge (EOD). After abolition of the EOD by
      curare the mesencephalic potential is suppressed, but it can still be obtained by
      artificial electric stimulation. After injection of curare the medullary
      pacemaker activity responsible for the EOD remains undisturbed. The results,
      therefore, let us exclude the hypothesis that the mesencephalic response is
      evoked by recurrent pacemaker activity. The very short delay (1 msec) of the
      mesencephalic potential is explained by the existence of a rapid conduction
      electrosensory pathway where the peripheral, rhombencephalic and mesencephalic
      elements are electrotonically coupled. This kind of transmission provides a
      constant synaptic delay and a one-to-one input-output ratio. The fish can
      receive, by means of this electrosensory pathway, a binary signal for each
      electrical event whether it comes from its own electric organ or from
      neighbouring fish.

PMID- 168943
TI  - [The effect of ACTH, cortisone and desoxycorticosterone on the evacuation of
      stomach in rats (author's transl)].

PMID- 168944
TI  - [The relationship between the physical characteristic of quartz dusts and their
      influence on biochemical and morphological changes in rat lungs (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 168945
TI  - A genetic analysis of adult mortality in Leghorn by heavy-breed reciprocal
      crosses.
AB  - 1. Genetic mechanisms of resistance to disease in 1930 pullets and 296 cockerels
      were investigated by using a Leghorn line (G), a heavy-breed line (H), and their
      reciprocal crosses G x H and H x G plus two synthetic lines, GnH and HnG which
      were segregating for line-intact Z chromosomes. 2. The most frequent cause of
      death was leukosis. 3. Gmale x Hfemale pullets had a significantly higher adult
      mortality (40-9%) than the reciprocal cross (27-3%). 4. A direct effect of the Z
      sex chromosome on the incidence of leukosis or on total adult mortality could not
      be demonstrated. 5. Maternal breed effects and heterosis were relatively more
      important than Z sex chromosome and autosomal breed effects as causes of both
      leukosis and total laying house mortality. 6. The heavy-breed line had higher
      cellular resistance to the leukosis/sarcoma virus subgroups A and B than did the
      Leghorn line.

PMID- 168946
TI  - Dietary aureomycin and the response of the fowl to stressors.
AB  - 1. Conventional or gnotobiotic chicks, when injected from 1 d to 3 weeks of age
      with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (120IU/kg, three times weekly), showed a
      depressed growth rate, adrenal hypertrophy and depletion of cholesterol form the
      adrenal glands. 2. Feeding a diet supplemented with aureomycin (10 mg/kg) did not
      have any consistent ameliorating effect on the response of the stressed bird as
      judged by the above parameters. 3. It was found that treating germfree chicks
      with five daily injections of sterile milk on days 3 to 7 did not depress growth
      rate at any time, nor could differences in adrenal size or cholesterol stores be
      detected at the end of the 21-d experimental period. The responses were not
      modified by feeding an aureomycin-supplemented diet.

PMID- 168947
TI  - Radiology in lung cancer: problems and prospects.

PMID- 168948
TI  - Analysis of O2'-methylnucleoside 5'-phosphates in snake venom hydrolysates of
      RNA: identification of O2'-methyl-5-carboxymethyluridine as a constituent of
      yeast transfer RNA.
AB  - Snake venom phosphodiesterase liberates the O2-methylnucleoside (Nm) constituents
      of RNA as the corresponding 5-nucleotides (PNm), which, in contrast to normal 5
      nucleotides (pN), are resistant to dephosphorylation by venom 5-nucleotidase.
      This property provides the basis of a convenient and highly reproducible
      quantitative assay for Nm residues in RNA. The assay method involves: (1)
      hydrolysis of RNA with whole or partially-purified snake venom; (2) isolation of
      the pNm derivatives, as a group, by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose; (3) resolution of the individual pNm compounds by two-dimensional
      paper chromatography; (4) identification and quantitative measurement of pNm
      derivatives by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry. Using this procedure,
      the molar proportions of the Nm constituents of wheat embryo, yeast, and
      Escherichia coli tRNA have been determined. The close correspondence between the
      values measured by venom hydrolysis and those obtained by analysis of alkali
      stable dinucleotide (Nm-Np) sequences attests to the validity of the venom assay,
      and further indicates that alkali-stable sequences larger than dinucleotides are
      not present in significant amounts in the tRNA of the above three organisms.
      During the present investigation, several ultraviolet-absorbing components, not
      immediately identifiable as ribose-methylated nucleotides, were isolated along
      with the expected O2-methylnucleoside 5-phosphates. Preliminary characterization
      of one of these compounds suggests that it is a derivative of a novel nucleoside,
      O2-methyl-5-carboxymethyluridine (cm5Um is released as part of an alkali-stable
      dinucleotide, cm5Um-Ap. The proportion of pU-2 in venom hydrolysates of yeast
      tRNA (0.02 mol percent, the same as the content of cm5Um-Ap in alkaline
      hydrolysates) suggests that O2-methyl-5-carboxymethyluridine may be confined to a
      single isoaccepting species of tRNA in yeast. In an allied study, reinvestigation
      of the alkali-stable dinucleotide sequences of baker's yeast tRNA has confirmed
      previous results concerning the sequence distribution of O2-methylribose in yeast
      tRNA (Gray, M. W. & Lane, B.G. (1967) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 134, 243-257).

PMID- 168949
TI  - Nutritional control of differentiation (sclerotization) of the myxomycete
      Physarum flavicomum.
AB  - During differentiation (sclerotization) of the Myxomycete Physarum flavicomum,
      the acellular phasmodium converts into numerous dormant cells surrounded by cell
      walls. This work establishes that a condition of nutrient imbalance triggers the
      differentiation process. Specifically, the unavailability of an adequate spectrum
      of amino acids in the medium initiates the metabolic and morphological
      alterations characteristic of the sclerotizing plasmodium. In the absence of
      extracellular amino acids, the cellular pool of amino acids and cellular protein
      were catabolized as differentiation proceeded. The pattern of amino acids in the
      cellular pool also changed during differentiation, as the content of pool amino
      acids was reduced at least 75 percent. The decrease in protein content was
      negligible after 12 h incubation but was about 40 percent at 48 h when
      differentiation was complete. However, in the presence of extracellular amino
      acids, protein degradation, amino acid pool depletion, and differentiation were
      all inhibited. Ammonium ions (12.4 mM) similarly delayed differentiation.
      Differentiation, amino acid pool depletion, and the degradation of cellular
      protein readily occurred in the presence of an extracellular supply of dextrose,
      which stimulated cell wall formation. The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide, cyclic 3'
      5'-adenosine monophosphate, glutathione, diamide, and other compounds on the
      differentiation process are reported also.

PMID- 168950
TI  - Two forms of a mitochondrial endonuclease in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Mitochondrial nuclease activity in Neurospora crassa occurs in membrane-bound and
      soluble forms in approximately equal proportions. These activities apparently are
      due to the same enzyme, which has an approximate molecular weight of 120 000. A
      portion of the insoluble enzyme appears to be associated with the inner
      mitochondrial membrane and is resistant to solubilization by detergent treatment
      as well as by physical disruption methods.

PMID- 168951
TI  - Mortality among patients treated for alcoholism: a 5-year follow-up.
AB  - During a 5-year follow-up of 154 male and female patients treated for alcoholism
      at the Donwood Institute, 22 deaths were recorded--almost 4 times the expected
      number. Typical causes were accidents, suicide, cirrhosis of the liver, cancers
      of the upper digestive and respiratory tracts and ischemic heart disease.
      Compared with other samples of alcoholics, unusually few deaths occurred during
      the first 2 years of follow-up, which suggests the importance of the post
      treatment attention given to these patients and the need to greatly extend the
      duration of aftercare.

PMID- 168952
TI  - Autonomic neuropathy and carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - A patient who died from oat-cell carcinoma of the lung had had abdominal pain and
      obstipation. Autopsy revealed autonomic neuropathy limited to the
      gastrointestinal tract, which was considered to be related to carcinoma as a
      remote effect. This interpretation was further supported by the presence of
      Wallerian degeneration of the dorsal columns. Autonomic neuropathy involving the
      gastrointestinal tract in association with malignant disease has not been
      previously described.

PMID- 168953
TI  - An unusual beta-cell adenoma.
AB  - An unusual case of insulinoma in a 51-year-old man demonstrates the difficulties
      in diagnosing and treating hypoglycemia. From the many laboratory tests and
      procedures performed, the only findings typical of insulinoma were inappropriate
      values of plasma immunoreactive insulin in relation to the corresponding values
      of blood glucose, and these were sporadic. A small beta-cell adenoma in the
      pancreatic head was the cause of the hypoglycemia.

PMID- 168954
TI  - Tumors of childhood in Ibadan, Nigeria.
AB  - Childhood cancer is fast becoming an important pediatric problem in several parts
      of Africa, with the progressive decline of infectious and nutritional diseases.
      The present study analyzes 1325 Nigerian children with neoplasms diagnosed over a
      13-year period (1960-1972). It accounted for 12.5% of all tumors registered in
      our Cancer Registery over the period of study. The commonest type of malignant
      tumor in the Nigerian child was solid lymphoma, of which Burkitt's tumor
      predominated. The overall pattern of tumors in these children was strikingly
      different in certain aspects from what obtains in the Caucasian child. When four
      main groups of tumors were considered, the ratio frequency pattern in Nigerian
      children was one of high lymphoma, high orbital, low leukemia, low glioma type.
      In the Caucasian child, the ratio frequency pattern is usually one of high
      leukemia, high glioma, low lymphoma, low orbital type. The observed differences
      in frequencies of childhood tumors between population groups require further
      studies.

PMID- 168955
TI  - Pancreatic neoplasms in an animal model: morphological, biological, and
      comparative studies.
AB  - After a short latency (15 weeks), a 100% incidence of pancreatic neoplasms was
      induced in Syrian golden hamsters, following the administration of 2,2'-dihydroxy
      di-n-propylnitrosamine (DHPN). Data extracted from reports of human pancreatic
      neoplasms were compared with findings relative to the induced neoplasms. The
      latter resembled human pancreatic tumors, in both biological and morphological
      aspects.

PMID- 168956
TI  - Tubular carcinoma of the male breast: report of a case.
AB  - Tubular carcinoma of the male breast is a rare neoplasm which may have a
      biological behavior comparable to its counterpart in females. A case of male
      tubular carcinoma treated by radical mastectomy and postoperative irradiation is
      reported. There was a metastasis to one axillary lymph node at the time of
      diagnosis. No associated areas of intraductal or infiltrating scirrhous carcinoma
      were found. Microscopic gynecomastia was present. The patient is alive and well 8
      years postoperatively.

PMID- 168957
TI  - Survival with mammary cancer related to the interaction of germinal center
      hyperplasia and sinus histiocytosis in axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes.
AB  - In a review of the histologic sections of axillary and internal mammary lymph
      nodes removed during surgery for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, we
      found that 16 of 17 patients in whom sinus histiocytosis was the dominant
      lymphoid proliferative reaction are alive with no evidence of cancer 5 or more
      years after operation. In contrast, 5 of 6 patients in whom germinal center
      hyperplasia was the only significant reaction found died of cancer in less than 5
      years. Patients with both sinus histiocytosis and germinal center hyperplasia in
      significant amounts had survival that was intermediate; 17 of 25 of these
      patients are currently alive and apparently free of cancer. In addition, 5 of 6
      patients in whom no evidence was found of any lymphoid proliferative reaction and
      3 of 3 patients with diffuse cortical hyperplasia in their axillary lymph nodes
      died of cancer in less than 5 years. Germinal center hyperplasia was associated
      with nodal metastases anatomically in individual lymph nodes and statistically in
      the series of cases. The internal mammary lymph nodes of most cases showed less
      proliferative reaction to tumor than the axillary lymph nodes. The pattern of
      proliferative reactions in lymph nodes and its correlation with survival after
      surgery suggest that different immune reactions may either suppress or enhance
      the growth of carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 168958
TI  - Nonchromaffin paraganglioma (chemodectoma) of thyroid region.
AB  - A case of a paraganglioma located over the thyroid cartilage in the midline is
      reported. The tumor had all the appearances of a carotid body tumor, but its odd
      location could not be explained on the basis of previously known areas where
      paraganglionic tissues have been found. Since a paraganglioma has also hitherto
      been described within the thyroid gland, clinicians and pathologists alike are
      cautioned that unusually located paragangliomas may be expected in the future.

PMID- 168959
TI  - The unique association of mammary stromal sarcoma with intraductal carcinoma.
AB  - The unique combination of clinically unsuspected stromal sarcoma and
      noninfiltrating intraductal mammary carcinoma is presented. This association has
      not been previously documented. The clinicopathologic features of cystosarcoma
      phyllodes and mammary stromal sarcoma are reviewed to provide background
      perspectives to illuminate the unusual aspects of this case.

PMID- 168960
TI  - Current status of estrogen receptors in human breast cancer.
AB  - In estrogen target tissues and hormone-dependent tumors, the steroid enters the
      cells and binds to a cytoplasmic protein called the estrogen receptor (ER). The
      steroid-receptor complex then migrates to the nuclei, where it initiates the
      biochemicial events characteristic of estrogen stimulation. Since ER is absent in
      tissues not responsive to estrogen, recent studies have asked whether ER assays
      in human breast cancer tissue might be used to identify those patients likely to
      respond to endocrine therapy. Data on 436 clinical trials contributed from a
      dozen centers around the world now clearly indicate that if a patient's tumor
      does not contain ER, there is virtually no chance of tumor regression following
      endocrine therapy. A large number of patients can be thus spared unrewarding
      major endocrine ablative therapy if ER assays are performed routinely. Of tumors
      with positiev ER, 55-60% respond to endocrine therapy. This single piece of data,
      when coupled with available clinical prognostic factors such as menopausal
      status, disease free interval, site of the dominant lesion, and especially
      response to previous hormonal therapies, should be practicing oncologist to
      select or reject endocrine therapy with considerable confidence.

PMID- 168961
TI  - Clinical management of advanced gastrointestinal cancer.
AB  - Although advanced gastrointestinal cancer is the most commonplace problem
      encountered by the medical oncologist, this group of diseases has proved
      exceedingly resistant to past chemotherapy efforts. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU),
      accepted by some as standard treatment, had provided only infrequent, incomplete,
      and fleeting antitumor effects, which are probably more than counterbalanced by
      its gastrointestinal, mucocutaneous, and hematologic antihost effects. There is
      no evidence that any manipulation of route or schedule of administration provides
      any improvement in the therapeutic ratio of 5-FU. There is no evidence that this
      drug contributes to patient survival when used at any stage of any type of
      gastrointestinal carcinoma. The search for alternative single drugs to 5-FU has
      been disappointing. The nitrosoureas and Mitomycin C produce occasional
      regressions, but they do not match the meager effectiveness of 5-FU; and they, in
      addition, present the difficult problem of cumulative bone marrow suppression.
      Recent trials with combination regimens have given some indication that the long
      stalemate in chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer may be breaking. Substantial
      improvements in frequency of tumor regression have been recorded for gastric
      carcinoma with combinations of 5-FU and BCNU, 5-FU and methyl CCNU, and 5-FU,
      Mitomycin C, and cytosine arabinoside; for colorectal carcinoma, with the
      combination of 5-FU, methyl CCNU, and vincristine; and for carcinoid tumors and
      islet cell carcinomas, with the combination of 5-FU and Streptozotocin. There are
      also suggestion that such combination chemotherapy with response rates in the 30
      to 50% range may produce increased survival when compared to the untreated
      patient and patients treated with single-drug regimens. While the accomplishments
      of chemotherapy for the gastrointestinal cancer patient remain less than
      spectacular there is nevertheless realistic hope that a respectable contribution
      can now be made to multidisciplinary efforts applied at a stage of disease with
      minimal tumor burden.

PMID- 168963
TI  - Correction of a murine mammary tumor virus-associated immunological depression by
      selective immunosuppression with cytosine arabinoside.
AB  - Mammary tumor virus (MTV) infection has been shown to be associated with a
      diminished hypersensitive reaction to methylated bovine serum albumin. Since
      methylated bovine serum albumin-induced hypersensitivity appears to be a mixed
      [humoral versus cell-mediated immunity (CMI)] reaction, the deficit in reactivity
      could be caused by, among other things, a direct depression of CMI or an increase
      in a humoral, blocking component. Assay of oxazolone-induced contact sensitivity
      and phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte stimulation revealed normal or greater
      than normal CMI in MTV-positive animals. Treatment of MTV-positive and -negative
      animals with a regimen of cytosine arabinoside designed to inhibit only humoral
      immunity and leave CMI intact, corrected the deficit in methylated bovine serum
      albumin reactivity in MTV-positive mice. Thus, it is suggested that MTV infection
      may facilitate the production of interfering or blocking humoral immunity.

PMID- 168962
TI  - Future prospects for immunotherapy.
AB  - The use of immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer is in its infancy.
      Definitive examples currently exist in both experimental animals and in humans
      that immunotherapy can beneficially affect the natural course of established
      growing malignant disease. Whether these pioneering examples will be extended so
      that immunotherapy can have a broad applicability in the treatment of cancer in
      man in not yet known and is a subject of much current work.

PMID- 168964
TI  - Failure to detect anti-group-specific murine leukemia virus activity in
      tetraparental AKR-CBA chimeras.
AB  - Tetraparental AKR-CBA/H-T6 chimeras were primarily derived and investigated to
      determine whether factors associated with the tumor resistance of the CBA/H-T6
      could overcome the innate lymphoma susceptibility of the AKR. Evidence has since
      shown that, on comparison with the AKR, lymphomas were not only delayed but were
      also less common in a group of 18 early embryo aggregation derived AKR-CBA/H-T6
      tetraparental chimeras. Evidence here has shown other clear differences between
      the AKR and AKR-CBA/H-T6 chimeras. Whereas murine group-specific murine leukemia
      viral antigens were detected in the sera in both situations, immunoabsorption
      studies showed that, in the AKR, the antigens exist complexed to the
      corresponding antibodies. The situation in the chimeras was in complete contrast,
      since here antigens exist as a "free" form. This in turn has led us to suggest
      that the advantage in respect to tumor immunity in the AKR-CBA/H-T6 chimeras is
      due to the tolerance to oncogenic virus being maintained. In this situation and
      in contrast to the AKR, in the absence of "masking" antibody-viral antigenic
      complexes, "normal" tumor immunity can be effected. It has to be assumed that
      tolerance to the oncogenic Gross virus in the AKR-CBA/H-T6 chimeras reflects the
      influence of the CBA component. How this has possibly been achieved is discussed.

PMID- 168965
TI  - Seroepidemiological evidence for horizontal transmission of bovine C-type virus.
AB  - Thirty colostrum-deprived calves from leukemia-free herds were foster nursed for
      10 weeks on cows infected with bovine C-type virus (BLV) from multiple-case herds
      or on cows from leukemia-free herds. After weaning, the calves were raised in
      continuous contact with BLV-infected animals of approximately the same ages. Sera
      collected at 6 to 18 and 43 to 48 months of age were examined for the presence of
      antibodies to BLV by the immunofluorescent antibody test. At 6 to 18 months of
      age, only 1 of the 30 calves from leukemia-free herds had a detectable antibody
      response to BLV. By 43 to 48 months of age the number of antibody-positive
      animals had risen to 17. The foster dam's herd of origin did not significantly
      affect the rate of BLV infection. These results indicate that BLV can be
      horizontally transmitted from infected to noninfected animals.

PMID- 168966
TI  - Quantitation of virus-induced (MLr) and normal (Thy.1.2) cell surface antigens in
      isolated plasma membranes and the extracellular ascites fluid of mouse leukemia
      cells.
AB  - Plasma membranes were isolated by two methods from mouse leukemia cells
      containing mammary tumor virus-induced (MLr) and normal (Thy.1.2) antigens on
      their surfaces. A number of chemical components, enzymic activities, and the
      antigenic contents were determined in subcellular fractions and found to be
      specifically concentrated in the plasma membrane fractions. The major part of the
      cellular MLr, in contrast to Thy.1.2, was present in the 105,000 X gmax
      supernatant of the cell homogenate. This and other results indicate an easy
      release of the antigen from the plasma membrane. A considerable amount of MLr was
      also present in the ascites fluid, partly free and partly bound, supposedly in an
      immune complex that allowed the isolation of three components of similar
      molecular weights as mammary tumor virus components. The extracellular presence
      of MLr may illustrate that, by shedding of antigen, the tumor may protect itself
      against the immunological defense of the host.

PMID- 168967
TI  - DNA synthesis in membrane-denuded nuclei and nuclear fractions from host liver
      and Morris hepatomas.
AB  - Incorporation of [3H]TTP into membrane-denuded nuclei and fractions of these
      nuclei from host liver and Morris hepatomas has been compared. Treatment of
      sucrose nuclei with Triton X-100 removed 95% of the phospholipids and 15 to 20%
      of the protein. These membrane-denuded nuclei remained physically stable. The
      Triton X-100-extracted nuclei incorporated label into their DNA in nuclear
      incorporating system similar to sucrose nuclei with their membranes intact.
      Triton X-100-treated nuclei from hepatoma 7777 incorporated six times more label
      and those from hepatoma 7800 incorporated three times more label than Triton X
      100-treated host liver nuclei. Nuclei from the three sources incorporated more
      label when exogenous DNA was added to the incubation system, but the difference
      in incorporation between the hepatoma nuclei and the host liver nuclei
      disappeared. When Triton X-100-treated nuclei, prepared from a tumor-bearing
      animal given injections of [3H]thymidine for 10 min were fractionated on sucrose
      gradients after disruption by high Mg2+ concentration, the fractions from
      hepatoma 7777 nuclei contained six times as much label as the host liver nuclear
      fractions. Nuclear fractions prepared from unabeled hepatomas or host livers had
      DNA polymerase activity. The activity, however, is the same in fractions prepared
      from hepatoma 7777 or host liver nuclei. It is suggested that the nuclear
      membrane does not play an important role in nuclear DNA synthesis. It is further
      suggested that the increased incorporation found with hepatoma nuclei is
      dependent on a physical or chemical arrangement of components within the nucleus
      and not solely on different enzyme levels.

PMID- 168968
TI  - Postreplication repair of alkylation damage to DNA of mammalian cells in culture.
AB  - Incorporation and alkaline sucrose sedimentation studies of DNA from mouse L
      cells have demonstrated the following effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and
      methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Increasing the concentration of both agents
      increases the number of single-strand breaks or alkali-labile lesions of existing
      DNA, which affects the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA by reducing its
      relative rate. DNA that is newly synthesized during the 1st hr in [3H]thymidine
      after MNU treatment is of lower molecular weight than is existing DNA with alkali
      labile lesions in treated cells and is also lower than DNA synthesized in control
      cells. Such small segments formed in treated cells are elongated and joined to
      form high-molecular-weight DNA in the subsequent 4-hr chase in thymidine or 5
      bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Near-ultraviolet photolysis selectively degrades 5-bromo
      2'-deoxyuridine-elongated DNA to segments that are nearly as small as those
      before chase. Further, caffeine (2 mM) present during the thymidine chase
      prevents nascent-strand elongation, although caffeine-insensitive chain growth
      occurs partly in MNU-alkylated cells. The MMS lesion (single-strand breakage in
      alkali) in existing DNA also temporarily interrupts replicative synthesis and
      makes short segments, but their elongation seems insensitive to caffeine. Our
      results indicate that MNU may produce both caffeine-sensitive interruptions
      (probably gaps), as ultraviolet damage does, and apurinic site-directed, caffeine
      insensitive interruptions in nascent strands, while MMS may cause exclusively the
      latter. Further evidence for this is the caffeine potentiation of only MNU
      killing, like ultraviolet killing, of L-cells. The extent of such a specific MNU
      lesion is estimated to be no more than 4% of the total extent of methylation,
      predicting that the lesion that is accessible to caffeine-sensitive repair will
      be a minor product(s) other than N7-methylguanine. Mutagenic and carcinogenic
      effects of MNU, which are higher than those of MMS, could be ascribed to such a
      particular MNU lesion(s) and its repair.

PMID- 168969
TI  - Some ultrastructural features of the cell surface after SV40 transformation and
      somatic hybridization with normal untransformed cells.
AB  - We have studied the surface properties of four cell lines: normal human
      fibroblasts (GM-177), SV40 transformed Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts (LN-SV), mouse
      macrophages, and somatic cell hybrids between mouse macrophages and human SV40
      transformed fibroblasts (LN-SV). The concanavalin A (Con A)-peroxidase method was
      used to visualize the localization of the Con A binding sites by means of
      electron microscopy. The mean thickness of the reaction product was calculated
      and the distribution pattern was visualized by drawing "glycograms," from which
      the ratio of covered to uncovered areas was measured. Ruthenium red technique was
      used to study the ability of the cell surface to retain ruthenium red-positive
      materials after rinsing in phosphate-buffered saline. Before rinsing, there were
      no differences between thicknesses of the ruthenium red-positive surface layers
      of normal and virus-transformed Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts. After rinsing, however,
      significant differences in the ability to retain ruthenium red-positive material
      were seen in favor of the SV40-transformed Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts (54% over
      35%). Before rinsing, significant differences in the thickness of the ruthenium
      red-positive material were found between mouse macrophages and the hybrids
      between mouse macrophages and SV40-transformed human fibroblasts, with the
      hybrids expressing a thicker ruthenium red-positive layer than did the parental
      mouse macrophages. After washing, however, the ability to retain this material
      was greater in mouse macrophages than in hybrids. The hybrid cell surface
      resembles that of SV40-transformed human Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts. The Con A
      peroxidase method shows a different distribution of the reaction product. In
      general, in all four cases the central portions of the cells had less continuous
      labeling patterns than did their peripheries, while the marginal portions were
      very often devoid of the reaction product. Normal human fibroblasts had the most
      continuous surface reaction product, the thickest reaction product, and the
      greatest Con A:gap ratio. In all four of these measurements, the hybrid cell line
      expressed great similarity to the parental cell lines, especially to the mouse
      macrophages.

PMID- 168970
TI  - Sequential histological and histochemical study of the rat liver during aflatoxin
      B1-induced carcinogenesis.
AB  - Male Wistar rats were given 50 mug of aflatoxin B1 twice a week for 4 weeks, and
      thereafter 75 mug twice a week for 10 weeks. Their livers were investigated
      histologically and histochemically for glycogen, RNA, fat, alkaline and acid
      phosphatases, adenosine triphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase,
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, and alkaline and acid
      nucleases. No significant lesions occurred before 15 weeks. During this period,
      the liver was histochemically unchanged except for a periportal decrease of
      alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Scattered hepatocytes with a
      strong glucose-6-phosphatase activity appeared. These changes represent toxic
      effects of aflatoxin B1 and are irrelevant to carcinogenesis. From 15 weeks
      onward, three types of liver cell hyperplastic foci and nodules developed.
      Histologically, and with respect to glycogen, fat, and RNA content, only two of
      these types were considered as potential precursors of hepatocarcinomas. However,
      all types exhibited a decrease or absence of the enzymes studied. Both
      histological and histochemical changes stressed the complex heterogeneity
      existing between and within hepatic foci and nodules. From 11 months on,
      hepatocarcinomas developed. The tumors disclosed similar histochemical changes.
      This similarity further supports the "precarcinomatous" nature of hyperplastic
      foci and nodules. It appears that focal changes in surface as well as in
      cytoplasmic and nuclear enzymes are intimately and very early linked to the
      carcinogenic process. Whether they are fundamental or only represent an
      epiphenomenon remains unclear.

PMID- 168971
TI  - Concanavalin A agglutination of cells from primary hepatocellular carcinomas and
      hepatic nodules induced by N-2-fluorenylacetamide.
AB  - A previous study demonstrated that cells of transplantable hepatocellular
      carcinomas were agglutinated by the plant lectin concanavalin A, while normal
      hepatocytes were not. In the present experiments, 95% or more of cells obtained
      from primary hepatocellular carcinomas which resulted from exposure of rats to N
      2-fluorenylacetamide were agglutinated by this lectin. Exposure to this
      carcinogen also produces grossly visible foci of morphologically and
      biochemically altered hepatocytes which have been termed hepatic (hyperplastic;
      premalignant, neoplastic) nodules. Although these hepatocyte aggregates are
      generally accepted as precursors of the hepatocellular carcinomas, no
      agglutination was detected when their cells were exposed to concanavalin A. These
      results indicate that concanavalin A agglutinability is not acquired as a result
      of tumor transplantation. Furthermore, they suggest that significant alterations
      must occur in the cells of hepatic nodules prior to the manifestation of
      malignant behavior.

PMID- 168972
TI  - [On the problem of persisting viral infections (author's transl)].

PMID- 168973
TI  - Microinjection of thymidine kinase and bovine serum albumin into mammalian cells
      by fusion with red blood cells.
AB  - A procedure is described by which proteins can be rapidly and efficiently
      microinjected into large numbers of culture cells. Proteins were first introduced
      into mammalian red blood cells during hypotonic hemolysis, and the resealed red
      cells were subsequently fused to culture cells using Sendai virus. In seven
      experiments, thymidine kinase or 125I-BSA were transferred to culture cells
      during fusion. Although proteins were used in the present experiments, the
      microinjection procedure should work equally well for other macromolecules.

PMID- 168974
TI  - [Analytical study on phenothiazine derivatives. XIII. Sodium
      dioctylsulfosuccinate as a titration agent in a heterogenous medium].

PMID- 168975
TI  - [Enzymology of the cornea. II. Histochemical part].

PMID- 168976
TI  - [Psychophysiology of paradox sleep and hypotheses on functions of dreams
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 168977
TI  - The effect of methylene dimethanesulphonate (MDMS) on the conformation of DNA and
      its dependence on base composition.
AB  - The interaction of the alkanesulphonate, methylene dimethanesulphonate (MDMS)
      with DNA has been studied. Thermal denaturation studies on mixtures of MDMS and
      DNA showed a dose-dependent decrease of the melting temperature midpoint (Tm) of
      the DNA. In addition, an irreversible decrease in ultraviolet absorption
      (hypochromism) preceded the hyperchromic shift, the magnitude of the former being
      linearly related to both the relative concentration of MDMS and the G-C content
      of the DNA used. Neither the reduction in melting temperature nor the initial UV
      absorption decrease occurred after dialysis of the reaction mixture. Equimolar
      proportions of the hydrolysis products of MDMS did not give the same effects as
      observed with the unhydrolysed agent. A similar hypochromism followed by strand
      separation occurs when DNA is allowed to stand with MDMS at room temperature, the
      time of subsequent strand separation being related to the treatment level of the
      drug. A weak association of MDMS with DNA is considered to be involved resulting
      in a local compression of the helical structure in the vicinity of the G-C pairs.
      It is suggested that this conformational change may act as a substrate for repair
      enzymes in vivo.

PMID- 168978
TI  - The effects of several croton oil constituents on two types of DNA repair and
      cyclic nucleotide levels in mammalian cells in vitro.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of two potent tumor
      promoting agents on two DNA repair mechanisms and cyclic nucleotide levels in
      mammalian cells. Human amnion (AV3) cells were treated with low dose levels of
      either UV of N-acetoxy-acetylaminofluorene. Subsequently, DNA excision repair as
      measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis was followed in the absence or presence of
      non-toxic levels of either 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), phorbol
      12,13-dibenzoate (PDB), both potent tumor promoters, or phorbol, a non-promoter.
      Neither of these compounds inhibited DNA repair synthesis occurring in response
      to low doses of the carcinogenic agents. In addition, TPA did not inhibit "post
      replication repair" in response to UV irradiation of growing Chinese hamster (V79
      4) cells. However, both TPA and PDB did cause rapid dramatic increases in cyclic
      guanosine monophosphate levels in human amnion cells; phorbol had no effect.
      Neither of these compounds affected cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. These
      results are discussed in the light of a possible mechanism of the action of tumor
      promoters involving "post-replication repair".

PMID- 168979
TI  - Accelerated degradation of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs at carbon
      black/water interface.

PMID- 168980
TI  - [Presence of autocomplementary RNA with viral specificity in cells infected with
      herpes virus].
AB  - RNA from cells infected with Herpes simplex virus contain a higher percentage of
      double-stranded RNA than non-infected cells. This percentage increases three-fold
      upon self-annealing. The complementary RNA sequences were shown to be virus
      specific by the following criteria: (1) high melting temperature than double
      stranded RNA from non infected cells; (2) higher density in caesium sulphate; (3)
      specific hybridization with viral DNA.

PMID- 168981
TI  - [Description of the folliculo-stellate cells in the anterior hypophysis of the
      monkey Macacus irus].
AB  - Folliculo-stellar cells are present in the anterior lobe of hypophysis of the
      monkey Macacus irus. These cells limit strait cavities in which one can observe
      microvillosites at the apical pole of the cells. The folliculo-stellar cells
      possess long and thin fibers which insert themselves between different types of
      granular cells and sometimes extend to the peri-capillar regions. Numerous
      organelles are present in these folliculo-stellar cells, especially
      microfilaments.

PMID- 168982
TI  - [Induction of cutaneous or subcutaneous fibroblastic tumors in the Afghan pika
      (Ochotona rufescens rufescens) by injection or bovine papilloma virus].
AB  - Newborn Afghan pikas have been inoculated with bovine papilloma virus via the
      subcutaneous route. Cutaneous or subcutaneous fibromas and fibrosarcomas were
      observed after a mean incubation period of nine months. The transmission of these
      tumors by homograft has been obtained. Bovine papilloma virus antibodies have
      been demonstrated in most of the animals inoculated at birth. They have not been
      detected in animals bearing transplanted tumors.

PMID- 168983
TI  - Secificity of mouse endocervical cell response progesterone: presence of
      receptors.
AB  - The mouse cervical cell response to progesterone, corticosterone, and androgens
      was studied in vitro and comparatively by grafts on males. Contrary to the
      exocervical cells which responded more or less to the three steroid hormones, the
      endocervical cells responded exclusively to progesterone even in an estrogen free
      system. This result suggests the existence in the mouse endocervical cells of
      specific receptors to progesterone and indicates that the squamons cells of the
      uterine cervix have a different response to steroid hormones depending on where
      these cells are located.

PMID- 168984
TI  - [RNA fragments, in vivo inhibitors of Shope fibroma and vaccinia virus
      multiplication].
AB  - RNA-fragments rich in purine nucleotides and resulting from degradation of
      ribosomal RNA from E. coli M 500 Sho-R with pancreatic RNase exhibit only in vivo
      an inhibitory effect on Shope fibroma and vaccinia virus multiplication.

PMID- 168985
TI  - [C-type virus particles in lymphocytes cultured from cows with persistant
      lymphocytosis. Preliminary results on French cattle stock].
AB  - C type virus particles were shown in cultures of lymphocytes originating from
      cows with persistent lymphocytosis. These observations on French cattle are in
      complete accordance with data previously obtained in the USA. Viral replication
      is highly stimulated by the addition of phytohemagglutinin in the culture medium.
      Several morphological and biological properties, specific to the bovine virus
      differentiate this virus from C type viruses of other species.

PMID- 168986
TI  - Interaction between cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic gunaosine
      monophosphate in guinea pig ventricular myocardium.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying adrenergic
      cholinergic antagonism in ventricular myocardium. Myocardial contractility,
      cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate
      (GMP) levels were measure in isolated guinea pig ventricles after treatment with
      various inotropic agents given alone and simultaneously with acetylcholine.
      Acetylcholine alone markedly elevated cyclic GMP levels but did not substantially
      change myocardial contractility. However, the same concentration of acetylcholine
      significantly attenuated the inotropic effect of isoproterenol and histamine, two
      drugs that may act by increasing myocardial levels of cyclic AMP. The decrease in
      the inotropic response to isoproterenol did not appear to be due to a decrease in
      the generation of cyclic AMP, because cyclic AMP levels were similar in hearts
      receiving isoproterenol alone and those receiving isoproterenol with
      acetylcholine. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP also antagonized the intropic action of
      isoproterenol. Acetylcholine did not alter the inotropic effects of ouabain, an
      agent that increases myocardial contractility without changing cyclic AMP levels.
      These results suggest that cyclic GMP mediates the antiadrenergic effects of
      acetylcholine by specifically antagonizing the inotropic actions of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 168987
TI  - Sleep-stage regulation of ventricular arrhythmias in the unanesthetized pig.
AB  - In two groups of purebred juvenile Hampshire pigs, left anterior descending
      coronary occluders were implanted. The pigs were then adapted to the recording
      chamber until they would manifest a criterion pattern of sleep while in it. In
      group A, permanent coronary artery occlusions were produced, and the effects of
      various sleep stages on the resultant cardiac arrhythmias were observed. Sleep
      intervals during which transitional and slow wave (SW) sleep alternated were
      correlated with increased arrhythmias relative to the awake state (P less than
      0.04). The increase was maximum during sustained periods of SW sleep. Intervals
      during which rapid eye movement (REM) sleep predominated were correlated with a
      reduction in arrhythmias. In group B, temporary occlusions were made during both
      an awake condition and after criterion patterns of either SW or REM sleep.
      Occlusions after SW sleep reduced the ventricular fibrillation latency compared
      with that during the awake control state (P less than 0.05), whereas occlusions
      after REM sleep increased ventricular fibrillation latency (P less than 0.05). We
      conclude that SW SLEEP, BUT NOT REM sleep, has a deleterious effect on the
      ischemic myocardium. REM sleep may have a beneficial effect, since it increases
      ventricular fibrillation latency. Heart rate changes do not appear to be
      correlated with the effects of either sleep stage.

PMID- 168988
TI  - Histochemical and structural changes in human myocardial cells after
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - The histochemical and ultrastructural effects of extracorporeal circulation and
      aortic cross-clamping during coronary heart surgery have been examined in drill
      biopsy samples of the left ventricle in 22 patients. The biopsies were obtained
      before and after bypass with a DeSoutter drill. Histochemical studies indicated
      definite differences between control and experimental biopsies, with increased
      succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, and LDH activity, while phosphorylase
      A and myosin ATPase activities declined. Furthermore, free phospholipid levels
      increased, as determined by the acid hematein reaction. Ultrastructural
      examination demonstrated loss of glycogen, intracellular swelling, and
      mitochondrial damage, which included loss of matrix density, loss of cristae, and
      eventual disruption in the postbypass biopsy. These results, which closely
      resemble the effects of ischemia and reperfusion observed in animal experiments,
      suggest that the initial insult is a change in membrane permeability regulation.

PMID- 168989
TI  - Letter: REM sleep and cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 168990
TI  - Morphologic correlates of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate imaging of acute
      myocardial infarcts in dogs.
AB  - To obtain insight into the mechanism(s) responsible for the direct visualization
      of acute myocardial infarcts by myocardial scintigraphy with technetium-99m
      stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP), scintigraphic and morphologic studies were
      performed in 22 dogs subjected to occlusion of the proximal left anterior
      descending coronary artery (LAD). Grossly visible myocardial infarcts occurred in
      ten of 11 dogs with LAD occlusion for one day, five with LAD occlusion for two
      days, two with LAD occlusion for seven days and two with LAD occlusion for 13
      days. Rare, microscopic foci of necrosis were observed in one dog with LAD
      occlusion for one day, and no lesions were present in two dogs subjected to
      temporary LAD occlusion for eight minutes and reflow for 24 hours. In the latter
      three dogs, 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigrams were negative. In the 19 dogs with
      gross infarcts, 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigrams were strongly positive at one
      and two days after LAD occlusion, much less positive at seven days and faintly
      positive at 13 days after occlusion. Positive myocardial scintigrams in most
      showed "doughnut" patterns, with marked peripheral concentration of radioactivity
      around central zones of much lower activity. On histologic examination, the one
      and two-day-old infarcts exhibited subendocardially located central zones and
      surrounding peripheral zones, both of which showed distinctive histopathological
      and histochemical features, including the selective occurrence in the peripheral
      zones of calcified muscle cells with ultrastructurally demonstrable apatite-like
      crystals in mitochondria. Selective occurrence of high tissue levels of 99mTc-PYP
      radioactivity also was demonstrated in the peripheral zones of four infarcts.
      Hearts with older infarcts (seven and 13 days) showed progressive replacement of
      necrotic myocardium by granulation tissue and progressive reduction in calcium
      deposits in the areas of damage. The data obtained in this study establish a
      temporal and topographical relationship between calcium accumulation in acute
      myocardial infarcts and 99mTc-PYP uptake responsible for scintigraphic detection
      of the lesions with this radionuclide in dogs subjected to proximal LAD
      occlusion.

PMID- 168991
TI  - Determination of phosphodiesterase I activity in human blood serum.
AB  - Phosphodiesterase I (EC 3.1.4.1) activity was detected in normal human blood
      serum. The enzyme is stable at laboratory temperature for three days, but is
      inactivated at pH less than 7. The pH for optimum activity increases with the
      substrate concentration (under the conditions used, from pH 9.0 to 10.2) and,
      conversely, the Km increases with pH and buffer concentration. The enzyme is
      inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetate but not by phosphate (0.1 mol/liter). We
      developed a simple quantitative method for its determination, based on hydrolysis
      of the p-nitrophenyl ester of thymidine 5'-monophosphate and subsequent
      measurement of the liberated p-nitrophenol at 400 nm in NaOH (0.1 mol/liter).
      Normal values (mean +/- 2 SD) were determined to be 33 +/- 6.4 U/liter.
      Preliminary studies indicate that phosphodiesterase I activity is greater than
      normal in serum of patients with necrotic changes in the liver or kidney or in
      cases of breast cancer, but not in that of patients with myocardial infarction,
      bone cancer, lung cancer, or chronic liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 168993
TI  - Steroidogenesis in a virilizing ovarian tumour.
AB  - A metabolic study with tissue from a virilizing arrhenoblastoma, using as
      precursors [7-3H]pregnenolone, [7-3H]17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone,[4-14C]17alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone and [4-14C]testosterone, revealed that in spite of a
      deficient activity of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-5-isomerase the overall
      production of testosterone was compensated by an increased activity of a lyase
      converting [4-14C]17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to testosterone (via
      androstenedione) and was comparable to the production obtained by normal ovarian
      tissue. The masculinizing effects of the tumour in vivo were most probably caused
      by accumulation of testosterone due to deficiencies in enzymes catabolizing
      testosterone to 17-ketosteroids and its aromatization to oestrogen. The unique
      property of the arrhenoblastoma to convert [4-14C]17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to
      [4-14C]11-deoxycortisol (Reichstein's compound S) suggests an adrenal origin of
      the tumour which may explain its limited capacity to aromatize testosterone.

PMID- 168992
TI  - Iodine organification defect following treatment of thyrotoxicosis with
      antithyroid drugs.
AB  - Two patients remained clinically euthyroid following treatment for thyrotoxicosis
      with antithyroid drugs in spite of persistently elevated thyroid radioiodine
      uptakes not suppressable by exogenous triiodothyronine. Perchlorate discharge
      tests showed a defect in the intrathyroidal organification of iodine. Circulating
      levels of thyroxine were normal. From our study of 105 patients treated for
      thyrotoxicosis with antithyroid drugs, apparent remission of thyrotoxicosis by
      this mechanism might occur in up to 2 percent of patients.

PMID- 168994
TI  - Early diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by measurement of 17
      hydroxyprogesterone.
AB  - Plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone was measured by a simple radioimmunoassay technique
      in six infants, aged 3 days to 3 months, with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due
      to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hormonal levels in this group were compared to
      those of twenty normal newborns and to those found in sixty samples of umbilical
      vein blood from normal deliveries. Plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations
      were markedly elevated in all congenital adrenal hyperplasia infants (range 544.7
      1837 nmol/l, normal 3.03-19.06) at a time when urinary studies in some of these
      were either not diagnostic or inconclusive. In one infant whose cord blood was
      analysed, the level was also greatly raised. The data suggest that early
      definitive diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be established by
      measurement of plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone.

PMID- 168995
TI  - Neurovascular complications following tibial osteotomy in children. A case
      report.
AB  - Anterior tibial sensory and motor losses following tibial osteotomy in children
      may result from any of 3 distinguishable etiologies. Peroneal nerve traction does
      not result in abnormalities of the dorsalis pedis pulse, pain on passive muscle
      stretch or a tense anterior tibial compartment. An anterior compartmental
      syndrome may or may not produce an abnormal pulse, but passive muscle stretch is
      painful and the compartment is tense and tender. Significant occusion of the
      anterior tibial artery produces diminution of the pulse and painful muscle
      stretch in the absence of a tense compartment. Certain pre-, intra- and
      postoperative measures can minimize the chance of these complications and
      facilitate their detection and treatment. These include: prophylactic fasciotomy,
      external pin fixation and frequent, thorough examination. If one of these
      complications arises, dressing should be loosened and the leg returned
      immediately to its preoperative position. Subsequent therapy is based on
      continued observation and the specific diagnosis.

PMID- 168996
TI  - Newer knowledge of non-collagenous protein in dentin and cortical bone matrix.
AB  - The current state of knowledge of the composition of the NCM components of bone
      and dentin has been summarized at the end of the appropriate sections. It is
      significant that increasing interest in the chemistry of hard tissue matrices has
      coincided with the development and refinement of a wide range of separation
      techniques, resulting in the isolation of an unexpectedly large number of
      components. The most sophisticated techniques, such as iso-electric focusing and
      isotachophoresis, give rise to discrete fractions often of very similar
      composition, particularly in terms of amino acid content. Such components might
      best be considered in groups, especially should such groups be identified in
      terms of common immunochemical properties. Dickson has used such an approach in a
      recent study of the proteins of sheep cortical bone. The Liverpool group has
      approached the problem on a broad front and thus directed attention to the number
      and diversity of NCM components, but it will be seen that those studies directed
      to the isolation of a specific component have invariably revealed the presence of
      several other fractions, set aside while attention was directed to the component
      under investigation. It is clear that the major proportion of bone and dentin NCM
      consists of glycoproteins of the less-acidic and anionic types. Several of the
      anionic components contain phosphate, levels being higher in those derived from
      dentin. Glycosaminoglycans, the first class of non-collagenous compounds to be
      identified in hard tissue matrices, are now known to comprise only about 5-7 per
      cent of the NCM. Precise details of the glycosaminoglycan fraction of human
      dentin and considerable information concerning that of bovine bone are now
      available. The major component in each tissue is chondroitin-4-sulfate, which
      exists in the form of proteoglycan, the protein moieties of those from bovine
      bone and human dentin being very different. Although greater interest is
      currently being shown in the glycoprotein fractions, several studies have been
      made of the calcium-binding properties of proteoglycan preparations and of
      individual glycosaminoglycans. Attempts to relate differences in chemical
      composition and properties to specific bone sites may not prove to be the best
      approach to the study of the precise chemistry of mineralization. It is clear,
      from the earlier work of Lindenbaum and Kuettner that mineralization takes place
      in a very narrow layer which will normally represent only a fraction of a typical
      zone prepared for analysis...

PMID- 168998
TI  - A  study of skeletal age and height in girls with idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - The height and skeletal age of girls with idiopathic scoliosis were studied. The
      skeletal age was evaluated by two independent methods and was compared with the
      chronological age and the corrected height of the patients. With both methods the
      same tendency was noticed. Early in the adolescence (ages 11 and 12 years) the
      skeletal development was more advanced in girls with idiopathic scoliosis than
      expected. Later (ages 16 and 17 years) the reverse condition was found. The
      standing height, corrected for the deformity, was significantly greater in
      idiopathic scoliosis patients than in controls of either the same chronological
      or skeletal age. These observations indicate that girls with adolescent
      idiopathic scoliosis have a growth pattern differing from normal, and that growth
      factors are connected to the disease.

PMID- 168997
TI  - Collagenolytic systems in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - As the proliferative lesion of rheumatoid arthritis becomes polarized and
      invasion of articular cartilage and subchondral bone begins, it is likely that
      many mesenchymal cells, including periosteal and perichondral cells, and perhaps
      even the chondrocytes and osteoblasts themselves can be activated to produce
      destructive enzymes. Early in the course of RA cartilage proteoglycans are
      depleted, leaving the remaining collagen more susceptible to mechanical breakdown
      as well as to enzymatic breakdown. Specific collagenases are released by synovial
      cells and, in addition, by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The latter enzyme may
      account for free collagenase found in synovial fluid, a finding possibly related
      to saturation of inhibitory proteins by proteases with greater affinity for them,
      leaving collagenase active. At this time in the course of rheumatoid arthritis, a
      joint would be under double jeopardy from enzymes released by the invading pannus
      as well as by collagenase free and active in the synovial fluid. Rapid
      destruction could occur. Although cartilage collagen has an intrinsic resistance
      to collagenase conferred by its primary structure and by higher order structure
      (e.g. intermolecular cross-links), it seems wise to cool down hot joints because
      increased temperature may increase the rate of collagen degradation and,
      therefore, cartilage destruction. In addition, superimposed sepsis or acute
      flares of rheumatoid disease result in enough influx of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes into the joints to result in free collagenolytic activity being
      present. This provides a rationale for frequent aspiration of any joint fluid,
      septic or otherwise, containing high polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts.

PMID- 168999
TI  - Pathology of osteosarcoma.
AB  - Osteosarcoma of bone is a tumor composed of malignant cells that produce osteoid.
      Some tumors show predominant chondroid or fibromatoid ground substance. All,
      however, are highly malignant and about 80 per cent produce death with
      metastases. The roentgenogram affords important evidence for the correct
      diagnosis of many of them. Differential diagnosis should include consideration of
      those sarcomas with many benign giant cells and the group of "telangiectatic"
      osteosarcomas that may contain only small diagnostic areas. Malignant fibrous
      histiocytoma is now considered as a possible diagnosis for some malignant bone
      tumors, but the exact criteria for the diagnosis of this condition are still
      somewhat obscure. Newer modalities of adjunctive treatment, such as resection of
      pulmonary metastases, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, give promise of improving
      the prognosis for osteosarcoma.

PMID- 169000
TI  - Electron microscopic observations of 20 human osteosarcomas.
AB  - Twenty primary osteosarcomas of bone and two osteosarcomas metastatic to the lung
      were examined by electron microscopy. The tumor cells, whether from an area
      exhibiting chondroid, osteoid or collagenous matrix, showed common abnormalities
      in configuration and fine structure. The cells tended to be spindle-shaped with
      centralized nuclei. The nucleus was enlarged, irregular in shape, and frequently
      lobulated. The choromatin was dense and arranged around the periphery of the
      nucleus. There was a large prominent, irregularly shaped nucleolus. Smooth
      membranes were sparse to absent. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was abundant,
      disorderly, and tended to be markedly dilated in mature cells. The mitochondria
      were numerous, variable in size and configuration, and were intimately surrounded
      by rough endoplasmic reticulum. The collagenous matrix was disorganized with the
      fibers and bundles randomly oriented and arranged. No structures definitely
      identifiable as virus-particles were seen. However, microstructures resembling
      unenveloped nucleocapsids of paramyxo- or related viruses were noted. All fine
      structure abnormalities could be associated with an increased metabolic rate
      and/or with abnormal protein and enzyme synthesis. No definitive diagnostic
      features were found. The fine structure of cell cultures derived from the
      osteosarcomas in this study was similar to that of the fresh tissue. No virus
      like particles were seen in any of these cell lines.

PMID- 169001
TI  - [Case of juvenile form of metachromatic leukodystropy associated with low serum
      levels of beta-lipoproteins and vitamin E].

PMID- 169002
TI  - Studies on characterization of the integration sites of avian RNA tumor virus
      specific DNA.
AB  - A sequential hybridization procedure is described which allows the integration
      sites of viral-specific DNA to be characterized according to their reassociation
      kinetics. In addition, this approach enables us to estimate the size of the
      integrated viral DNA. Endogenous virus sequences in normal cells appear to be
      associated with cell sequences reiterated 1200 times, and each integration unit
      is approximately equal to one 35S RNA subunit. In AMV-infected cells, the
      additional AMV-specific DNA sequences reassociate as if they were integrated
      adjacent to unique cellular DNA or in tandem with the endogenous viral DNA
      sequences.

PMID- 169003
TI  - Infectious viral DNA in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed nonproducer and producer
      animal cells.
AB  - Nonproducer and producer RSV-transformed cells and producer nontransforming virus
      infected cells harbor viral DNA specifying the respective avian tumor virus. In
      nonproducer Rous sarcoma cells, the residing viral DNA is linear, double-stranded
      and covalently linked to the chromosomal DNA. Both double-stranded and single
      stranded forms of RSV DNA transfect chicken cells. The progeny virus is
      indistinguishable from the DNA parent with respect to the morphological,
      biological and antigenic properties. Unlike the DNA extracted from nonproducer
      RSV-transformed mammalian cells, that extracted from producer RSV-transformed
      chicken cells gives rise, in transfection experiments, to both sarcoma virus and
      its nontransforming derivative. The DNA from nontransforming virus-infected
      chicken cells generates only nontransforming viruses. The frequency of
      nontransforming virus recovery is different from that of sarcoma virus recovery,
      the latter being a nonlinear function of the amount of transfecting DNA, while
      the former may suggest a linear relationship. On the other hand, the end-point
      dilution of transfecting DNA for sarcoma virus recovery is approximately the same
      as that for nontransforming virus recovery. The following is assumed: Sarcoma
      viruses and nontransforming derivatives are recovered from two different species
      of viral DNA which carry or lack, respectively, the transforming genetic
      material. The size of double-stranded viral DNA is substantially smaller than 20
      times 10(6) daltons. In transfection experiments, the sarcoma virus DNA is first
      integrated into the host cell genome before being expressed, while the
      nontransforming viral DNA apparently bypasses the integration step. The latter
      DNA generates the progeny virus when taken up, carried, and transcribed in a
      permissive cell.

PMID- 169004
TI  - Infectious DNA from cells infected with Rous sarcoma virus, reticuloendotheliosis
      virus or Rous-associated virus-O.
AB  - We have described an efficient and quantitative assay for infectious DNA of the
      avian ribodeoxyviruses and have applied this method to study the possible
      existence of infectious viral DNAs in uninfected cells. Infectious DNA from cells
      infected with RSV or REV consisted of a single unit of DNA with a specific
      infectivity of 10(-5)-10(-6). The minimum molecular weight of RSV DNA required
      for infection of chicken cells was about 6 million, while the minimum molecular
      weight of infectious REV DNA was about 20 million. This difference may reflect
      complementation of the RSV DNA by endogenous avian leukosis virus-related DNA in
      uninfected chicken cells. Uninfected chicken cells do not contain infectious DNA
      for an REV, nor for a strongly transforming or a nontransforming avian leukosis
      virus.

PMID- 169006
TI  - Studies on the structure and synthesis of Rous sarcoma virus RNA.

PMID- 169005
TI  - AMV RNA transcription in cell-free systems and properties of in vitro chromatin
      directed RNA synthesis.
AB  - In this report we have presented evidence that viral sequences in the genome of
      AMV-infected myeloblasts can be transcribed in vitro. The RNA products
      synthesized in either nuclei isolated from these cells or by eukaryotic RNA
      polymerase B from the isolated chromatin contained approximately 1% virus
      specific sequences. This result, which is in agreement with the fraction of viral
      RNA in infected cells (Garapin et al. 1971), is higher than expected from a
      random transcription of the genome, and thus shows that a degree of selectivity
      in transcription is maintained in both systems. The inhibition of synthesis of
      viral sequences in nuclei by alpha-amanitin as well as the finding that RNA
      polymerase B catalyzed the synthesis of viral sequences from chromatin support
      the hypothesis that the expression of viral information is mediated by
      nucleoplasmic RNA polymerase. An investigation of the properties of the chromatin
      directed products led to the suggestion that RNA synthesis in vitro was initiated
      on single-stranded or denatured regions of the template; a limiting factor in the
      synthesis of large molecular weight RNA from isolated chromatin appeared to be
      the extent of the denatured region available to the enzyme. These findings are
      consistent with the suggestion that gene activation in eukaryotic organisms
      results from the unwinding of segments of chromatin DNA (Crick 1971).

PMID- 169007
TI  - Characterization of murine leukemia virus-specific proteins.

PMID- 169008
TI  - Synthesis of avian RNA tumor virus structural proteins.

PMID- 169009
TI  - Problems of RSV rescue from virogenic mammalian cells.

PMID- 169010
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative studies of AKR-type murine leukemia virus sequences
      in mouse DNA.
AB  - Utilizing a single-stranded [3H]DNA probe highly representative of AKR viral 70S
      RNA, we have performed association kinetics experiments with cellular DNA in vast
      excess from 3 high-, 5 low- and 4 non-virus-yielding mouse strains. Our
      hybridization studies indicate that in the strains so far tested, the complete
      genome of the AKR-type MLV is present in the DNA of the embryos of both high- and
      low-virus-yielding mouse strains, while DNA of non-virus strains contains only a
      part of the genome. Furthermore, at least two populations of virus-specific DNA
      sequences can be identified (more abundant and less abundant species) according
      to their rate of association. Low-virus-yielding mouse strains contain a smaller
      number (1-2 copies) of the less abundant species, and thus a lower number of
      complete viral genome than do high-virus strains (3-4 copies). Non-virus-yielding
      strains are lacking these less abundant sequences in their genome. DNA from wild
      Mus musculus also contained viral sequences, the sample tested showing
      association kinetics identical to the non-virus-producing strains. Thus there is
      a good correlation between completeness of the AKR-type MLV genome in cellular
      DNA and the capacity of the cells to release AKR-type MLV. Mice of a non-virus
      yielding strain made partially congenic for the AKR virus-inducing locus Akv-1
      contained the complete virus genome, confirming that this locus consists of
      structural genes of the virus.

PMID- 169011
TI  - Structural proteins of RNA tumor viruses as probes for viral gene expression.

PMID- 169012
TI  - Genetic control of the expression of murine leukemia virus proteins in tissues of
      normal, young adult mice.

PMID- 169013
TI  - Immune response in the mouse to endogenous leukemia viruses.

PMID- 169015
TI  - Control expression of tumor virus genes in uninfected chicken cells.

PMID- 169014
TI  - Differential cellular regulation of three distinct classes of type C RNA viruses
      endogenous to mouse cells.

PMID- 169016
TI  - Endogenous mammary tumor viruses in mice.

PMID- 169017
TI  - Glucocorticoid induction of murine mammary tumor virus in vitro.

PMID- 169018
TI  - Activation and repression of virus expression in mammalian cells infected by Rous
      sarcoma virus.

PMID- 169019
TI  - The chick fibroblast cell surface after transformation by Rous sarcoma virus.

PMID- 169020
TI  - The role of cell surface changes in RNA tumor virus-transformed cells.

PMID- 169021
TI  - The structure and biological properties of herpes simplex virus DNA.

PMID- 169022
TI  - Inverted repetitions in the chromosome of herpes simplex virus.

PMID- 169023
TI  - Terminal repetitions in herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA.

PMID- 169024
TI  - Analysis of DNA of defective herpes simplex virus type 1 by restriction
      endonuclease cleavage and nucleic acid hybridization.

PMID- 169025
TI  - Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis: evidence for multilevel
      regulation of herpes simplex 1 RNA and protein synthesis.

PMID- 169026
TI  - Thymidine kinase isozymes of normal and virus-infected cells.

PMID- 169027
TI  - Genetic and biochemical studies with herpesvirus.

PMID- 169028
TI  - Viral gene functions expressed and detected by temperature-sensitive mutants of
      herpes simplex virus.
AB  - The expression of HSV-specific gene functions by 22 ts mutants of HSV-1 in 15
      complementation groups and 8 ts mutants of HSV-2 in 7 complementation groups has
      been studied at the nonpermissive temperature. Four cistrons of HSV-1 and three
      cistrons of HSV-2 with defects in viral DNA and DAN polymerase synthesis were
      identified. DNA-mutants of HSV-1 revealed a greater alteration in HSV polypeptide
      synthesis and viral assembly than DNA- mutants of HSV-2. Mutants with apparent
      defects in structural proteins have been identified for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 as
      demonstrated by their increased themolability. The general organization of the
      provisional HSV-1 and HSV-2 linkage maps revealed a similarity in the arrangement
      of functionally related cistrons, with DNA- mutants being located on the left
      hand side of each map and mutants with phenotypic properties similar to those of
      the wild-type virus, on the right-hand side. An early polypeptide of HSV (VP175,
      MW 175,000) was found to accumulate in cells infected at the nonpermissive
      temperature withts mutants of HSV-1 in complementation group B. The VP175
      polypeptide was isolated from such cells by a combination of SDS-preparative and
      analytical disc gel electrophoresis. Antiserum prepared to this polypeptide was
      found to descriminate between HSV-1 and HSV-2 by immunofluorescence. On the other
      hand, type-specific gene functions of HSV-1 and HSV-2 were not demonstrated
      through intertypic complementation and recombination tests with heterologous
      mutant pairs, whereas mutually exchangeable or common gene functions were readily
      identified. Eight ts mutants of HSV-2 were used to detect functional HSV genes in
      hamster embryo cells transformed by HSV-2. Normal hamster cells and SV40
      transformed hamster cells failed to support the replication of the mutants at the
      nonpermissive temperature. However, the replication of two mutants, defective in
      late functions, was significantly enhanced in two independently derived HSV-2
      transformed cell lines. Thus functional HSV genetic information was detected in
      HSV-2-transformed cells through the use of ts mutants. Moreover, it appears that
      the information present in both cell lines is not only specific but involves late
      HSV functions.

PMID- 169029
TI  - Demonstration of the oncogenic potential of herpes simplex viruses and human
      cytomegalovirus.

PMID- 169030
TI  - Transformation of cells by herpes simplex virus--fact or fantasy?
AB  - The replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 is defective in XC cells.
      One lesion is the failure of viral proteins to be transported to the cell
      nucleus. The resistance of XC cells to the toxic effects of herpes simplex virus
      is apparently not due directly to the presence of RNA tumor virus in these cells.
      Other cell lines transformed by RNA tumor viruses exhibited no comparable
      resistance. The nature of the association between HSV and cell for a number of
      generations after first selecting "transformants" is not yet established; on
      prolonged subculture, much of the original HSV information fails to be expressed.
      Not more than approximately to 0.1 viral genomes per cell remains permanently
      associated with the host DNA. The "transformants" retain the capacity to
      synthesize HSV-specific polypeptides, as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation.
      The "transformants" have a number of characteristics which distinguish them from
      parental cells, and such characteristics in the light of the immunological data
      suggest that XC cells exposed to HSV can permanently retain HSV-specific
      information.

PMID- 169031
TI  - Immortalizing and nonimmortalizing laboratory strains of Epstein-Barr Virus.

PMID- 169032
TI  - Studies on the Epstein-Barr Virus genome and the EBV-determined nuclear antigen
      in human malignant disease.

PMID- 169033
TI  - EBV DNA in nonlymphoid cells of nasopharyngeal carcinomas and in a malignant
      lymphoma obtained after inoculation of EBV into cottontop marmosets.

PMID- 169034
TI  - Plasmid DNA as a possible state of Epstein-Barr virus genomes in nonproductive
      cells.
AB  - It has been shown that the EBV DNA in Raji cells is located in chromosomes and
      that most of this EBV DNA can be separated from high molecular weight cell DNA
      both in alkaline and neutral glycerol gradients. The data indicate that the
      latent EBV DNA may exist possibly as a plasmid DNA. As 50 genomes of EBV DNA are
      equal to 0.1% of the total cell DNA, it may be quite conceivable that such an
      amount of DNA should remain in a non-integrated form. Chromosomal location may be
      a requisite for any DNA to persist in the nucleus of cells and to be divided into
      daughter cells evenly. As the present studies measured only the status of the
      major portion of EBV genomes in Raji cells, a possibility still remains that a
      few genomes of EBV may be linearly integrated into cell DNA and these may be
      responsible for cellular transformation. Another possibility that a small piece
      of cellular DNA might be attached to EBV DNA in Raji cells, which might serve as
      a control signal for replication and/or transcription of the latent virust DNA,
      has also not been ruled out. Even though EBV DNA is not integrated covalently
      into cell DNA, the association of the virus genomes with cells is very stable and
      the number of EBV genomes remains unchanged throughout many cell generations. In
      synchronized cells, all EBV genomes replicate simultaneously at an early S phase
      before maximum synthesis of cell DNA replication occurs (Hamper et al. 1974).
      This indicates that EBV DNA in a plasmid state is strictly under a cellular
      control mechanism. How this latent virus DNA is controlled in cells will be
      examined in future studies.

PMID- 169035
TI  - Sequence of Epstein-Barr virus productive cycle in human lymphoblastoid cells.

PMID- 169036
TI  - Electron microscope studies of tumor virus RNA.

PMID- 169037
TI  - Electron microscope measurements of rous sarcoma virus RNA.

PMID- 169038
TI  - Determination of the molecular weight of the RNA subunits of Rous sarcoma virus
      by electron microscopy.

PMID- 169039
TI  - Avian RNA tumor viruses: mechanism of recombination and complexity of the genome.

PMID- 169040
TI  - 35S a and b RNA subunits of avian RNA tumor virus strains cloned and passaged in
      chick and duck cells.
AB  - The RNA of transforming and nontransforming avian RNA tumor viruses was heat
      denatured and examined for its 35S subunit composition by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (gel slicing and/or autoradiography). The RNA of virus strains
      capable of transforming chick embryo fibroblasts in vitro always contained a
      subunits: the RNA of Pr-RSV of subgroups A, B or C was composed only of a
      subunits, even after prolonged passage in chick cells, whereas the RNA of SR-RSV
      A, SR-RSV-B, SR-RSV-D(H) and B77 also contained b subunits in varying amounts,
      even when examined as early as possible (8-10 days) after cloning. The b subunit
      content did not correlate with length of time after cloning. Nontransforming
      viruses such as RAV-2 and nontransforming derivatives of transforming viruses
      such as NT-SR-RSV-A, SR-RSV-B AV-3, NC-SRV-D(H), NC-SRV-D(H)(U4), NC-B77-42 and
      NC-B77-43 contained only b subunits. When B77 virus grown in chick cells was
      passaged in duck embryo fibroblasts, the ratio of a/b subunits in its RNA did not
      change markedly. However, when it was cloned in duck embryo fibroblasts, the
      transformed clones produced virus that contained almost exclusively b subunits.
      On transfer to chick cells, a subunits once again appeared, and the a/b subunit
      ratio was soon similar to that of the original B77. B77 virus produced by cloned,
      transformed duck embryo fibroblasts was found to contain a large excess of
      nontransforming virus particles.

PMID- 169041
TI  - Base sequence complexity of 35S avian myeloblastosis virus RNA determined by
      molecular hybridization kinetics.

PMID- 169042
TI  - Studies of the interrelationship of chicken leukosis virus and host cell genomes
      by RNA-DNA hybridzation.

PMID- 169043
TI  - A biochemical and genetic analysis of mammalian RNA-containing sarcoma viruses.
AB  - Current studies have shown that all mammalian sarcoma-producing viruses, whether
      isolated from laboratory experiments of naturally occurring tumors, are deletion
      mutants of replicating mammalian type C viruses. Nonproducer cells transformed by
      any of these sarcoma viruses contain RNA homologous to mammalian leukemia
      viruses, even though the cells contain no known proteins currently coded for by
      the mammalian leukemia virus. This mammalian leukemia virus information (FT-) is
      a genetically stable part of the mammalian sarcoma viruses (FT+). Second, another
      component in the Kirsten and Harvey sarcoma viruses can be identified in addition
      to this leukemia virus information for the homologous leukemia virus; at least
      part of the additional information came from rat type C viruses from the animals
      in which the sarcoma viruses were isolated. This indicates that these two
      mammalian sarcoma viruses are recombinants between mouse leukemia virus and
      genetic information in rat cells and suggests that the process of formation of
      the sarcoma virus is analogous to transduction of information in bacteriophage.
      Third, the Kirsten sarcoma virus seems to have a third component in it separate
      from either the mouse leukemia virus or rat leukemia virus information. Fourth,
      and FT+ leukemia virus isolated from mice, the Abelson leukemia virus which
      causes as B-cell leukemia, is also defective and can be shown to have information
      homologous to Moloney leukemia virus. Fifth, in the feline sarcoma virus, feline
      leukemia information can be detected, but information for the other cat virus, RD
      114, cannot be detected. Finally, mutants of Kirsten sarcoma virus temperature
      sensitive for the maintenance of transformation have been isolated, and out of
      ten such mutants, thus far no complementation has been observed.

PMID- 169044
TI  - Genetic recombination among temperature-sensitive mutnats of Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - Genetic recombination of RSV has been studied, using ts mutations in both
      initiation and maintenance of transformation as markers. The progeny of a single
      cycle of mixed infection appears to contain no recombinants, but yields
      heterozygous particles or viral clumps. On subsequent cycles of infection some of
      these heterozygotes/clumps persist, but they also segregate recombinant viruses.
      Some of the markers in these recombinants show evidence of linkage and thus
      probably recombine by intramolecular exchanges. Studies of td ts mutants (the
      class most frequently isolated from stock virus) show that recombination between
      them occurs at a level sufficient to explain cooperative transformation by these
      viruses. Furthermors, this genetic recombination is probably a necessary
      prerequisite for cooperative transformation since complementation between the
      mutants is absent or inefficient. The simplest explanation for this apparent lack
      of complementation is that the td ts mutants are all derived by lesions in the
      same cistron.

PMID- 169045
TI  - Phenotypically mixed vesicular stomatitis virus particles produced in human tumor
      cell lines.

PMID- 169046
TI  - Phenotypic mixing between vesicular stomatitis virus and avian RNA tumor viruses.

PMID- 169047
TI  - Structure and properties of an RNA primer for initiation of Rous sarcoma virus
      DNA synthesis in vitro.

PMID- 169048
TI  - Host substitution in SV40 and polyoma DNA.

PMID- 169049
TI  - Electron microscopic mapping of the attachment sites on SV40 DNA during lytic
      infection.

PMID- 169050
TI  - Characterization of cloned evolutionary variants of simian virus 40.

PMID- 169051
TI  - Specific reiteration of viral DNA sequences in mammalian cells.

PMID- 169052
TI  - Formation of reiterated simian virus 40 DNA.
AB  - We have described studies on the biological fate of a minicircular DNA molecule
      that is a specific, complex deletion mutant of SV40. When the minicircular DNA
      alone was used to infect monkey cells, its replication was not detected. However,
      after infection with the minicircles and SV40 DNA together, incorporation of
      (3H)thymidine into both species of viral DNA was demonstrated. This finding
      suggests that circular, duplex viral DNA segments, much smaller than SV40 DNA,
      are able to be replicated in vivo. Furthermore, 26% of the (3H)thymidine-labeled,
      superhelical DNA sedimented more rapidly than SV40 DNA I (21S) in neutral sucrose
      gradients (22S-32S). A similar amount of this rapidly sedimenting DNA was also
      detected when intact DAR DNA containing the triplication mutant was tested.
      Cleavage of the purified, rapidly sedimenting DNA with R.EcoRI produced 10.4S
      segments (one-third the size of unit-length SV40) in addition to full-length
      linears (14.5S) and a new cleavage product (16.7S). Cleavage of the 21S DNA I
      molecules also produced 10.4S DNA. These results indicate that the minicircular
      molecules are amplified in vivo, yielding not only the original triplication
      mutant but also a heterogeneous population of oligomers in which the 10.4S
      segment has been reiterated as many as 6 to 9 times. Our studies support the
      model proposed by Khoury et al. (1974) for the generation of the original DAR
      triplication mutant. In our experiments, cells were infected with a minicircular
      DNA molecule formed in vitro, which then served as a precursor in vivo in the
      formation of trimers and higher oligomers, as predicted by the proposed model.
      The DAR triplication mutant first appeared after the third passage in primary
      monkey kidney cells and rapidly became the predominant species in later passages
      (Fareed et al. 1974)...

PMID- 169053
TI  - The detection and quantitation of SV40 nucleic acid sequences using single
      stranded SV40 DNA probes.

PMID- 169054
TI  - Nucleotide sequence about the 3' terminus of SV40 DNA transcripts and the region
      where DNA synthesis is initiated.

PMID- 169055
TI  - Mapping of SV40 mRNA species on the viral genome.

PMID- 169056
TI  - Biogenesis and characterization of SV40 and polyoma RNAs in productively infected
      cells.

PMID- 169057
TI  - The semiautonomous replicon: a molecular model for the oncogenicity of SV40.

PMID- 169058
TI  - Approaches to the sequence determination of SV40 DNA.

PMID- 169059
TI  - Virus-specific RNA in cells productively infected or transformed by polyoma
      virus.

PMID- 169060
TI  - Stepwise relaxation of supercoiled SV40 DNA.
AB  - We have shown in this paper that agarose gel electrophoresis can be used to
      examine the tertiary structure of supercoiled SV40 DNA. Differences as small as
      one superhelical turn can be detected by this method. When used as an assay, it
      enabled us to purify from human tissue culture cells a protein which acts on
      supercoiled DNA, leading to a gradual removal of its superhelical turns. Using in
      turn the purified DNA relaxing protein to generate reaction intermediates of DNAs
      with different numbers of superhelical turns, we deduced that native SV40 DNA
      contains a minimum of 20 physical superhelical turns. The upper limit of this
      number is less accurately defined, but we think that it is not higher than 24.
      These numbers agree within very close limits with the numbers determined
      previously by various indirect physical methods.

PMID- 169061
TI  - Properties of replicating SV40 DNA molecules and mapping unpaired regions in SV40
      DNA I.

PMID- 169062
TI  - Polyoma DNA replication: location of the origin in different virus strains.

PMID- 169063
TI  - Replication of polyoma DNA: effects of hydroxyurea and arabinosyl cytosine.

PMID- 169064
TI  - Fingerprints of polyoma virus proteins and mouse histones.

PMID- 169065
TI  - Virion proteins of polyoma temperature-sensitive mutants: late mutants.

PMID- 169066
TI  - Transformation of primate and rodent cells by temperature-sensitive mutants of
      SV40.
AB  - Cells of mouse, hamster, human and monkey origin were transformed by wild-type
      SV40 and by temperature-sensitive mutants defective in gene A. The mutant
      transformed cells appear to be temperature sensitive for maintenance of
      transformation. Evidence of reversion of the transformed phenotype of
      nonpermissive temperatures was obtained in experiments which assayed saturation
      density, colony formation, and uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose. In addition, S
      antigen modulated in shift experiments while T antigen did not. Based on these
      results, a model is presented for the mechanism of transformation by SV40.

PMID- 169067
TI  - Intermolecular disulfide bonds: an important structural feature of the polyoma
      virus capsid.

PMID- 169068
TI  - The organization of proteins in polyoma and cellular chromatin.

PMID- 169069
TI  - SV40: T antigen, the A function and transformation.
AB  - T antigen, a protein found in the nuclei of SV40-transformed and -infected cells,
      can be purified and characterized. Our data suggest that T antigen in transformed
      cells is found at least in part in a large 22S complex, suggesting that this 22S
      form may contain T antigen complexed with other viral or host proteins. We prefer
      the assumption that T antigen is correlated with the A function, although a
      definitive in vitro proof for this hypothesis is still missing. Mutants in the A
      function most likely interfere with the maintenance of transformation, a result
      inviting the interpretation that the A function may indeed govern DNA synthesis
      of the transformed cell or influence the cell's ability to pass from G1 (or G0)
      to S. Thus transformation by SV40 may be a direct consequence of the introduction
      of the SV40 replicon and the presence of its initiator function which is used by
      the transformed cell.

PMID- 169070
TI  - Regulation of SV40 tumor antigen in transformed mouse 3T3 cells.

PMID- 169072
TI  - Dissociation and DNA binding of SV40 T antigen.

PMID- 169071
TI  - SV40 T antigen: partial purification and properties.

PMID- 169073
TI  - Cytosine arabinoside- and interferon-mediated control of polyoma and SV40 genome
      expression.
AB  - By metabolic DNA inhibitors such as araC, viral as well as host DNA replication
      is suppressed in polyoma- and SV40-infected cells. The interruption of the
      current viral DNA replication has no effect on the current transcription of the
      late viral genes. The persistence of the late transcription indicates that the
      onset, but not the persistence, of the viral DNA replication is a prerequisite
      for the persistence of the late polyoma and SV40 genome transcription.
      Pretreatment of monkey kidney cells with poly(I):-poly(C) nearly completely
      inhibits the SV40 T antigen formation; the early SV40 RNA formation is suppressed
      far less. This type of SV40 genome control favors the concept of a primary action
      of poly(I):poly(C)-mediated interference on SV40 translation.

PMID- 169074
TI  - The cell-free translation of SV40 messenger RNA.

PMID- 169075
TI  - The stable classes of transformed cells induced by SV40 infection of established
      3T3 cells and primary rat embryonic cells.

PMID- 169076
TI  - Factors affecting the process and extent of integration of the viral genome.

PMID- 169077
TI  - Genetics of cell transformation by simian virus 40.
AB  - The results described in this paper indicate that the integration of the SV40
      genome into human chromosome 7 results in the transformation of the human cells
      and in the expression of SV40-induced antigens. If integration of the SV40 genome
      in human chromosomes other than 7 ever occurs, it does not result in cell
      transformation and the expression of the virus-induced antigens. The expression
      of the SV40 T antigen in different monkey cells transformed by an adeno 7-SV40
      hybrid is also related to a specific monkey chromosome. Somatic cell hybrids
      between normal nondividing mouse cells and SV40-transformed human cells behave as
      transformed cells and contain, without exception, the human chromosome 7 carrying
      the SV40 genome. Since no segregation into SV40 T antigen-negative hybrid clones
      was observed in these hybrids, it is inferred that the presence of the human
      chromosome 7 carrying the SV40 genome in the hybrids is mandatory for cell
      division.

PMID- 169078
TI  - Variants of simian virus 40-transformed mouse cells resistant to cytochalasin B.

PMID- 169079
TI  - The SV40 rescue problem.

PMID- 169080
TI  - Localization and distribution of actin fibers in normal transformed and revertant
      cells.

PMID- 169081
TI  - Properties of temperature-sensitive mutants of polyoma virus.

PMID- 169082
TI  - Differential susceptibility to amphotericin B of 3T3 cells transformed by SV40 or
      polyoma.

PMID- 169083
TI  - Infection of mouse blastocysts with SV40 DNA: normal development of the infected
      embryos and persistence of SV40-specific DNA sequences in the adult animals.
AB  - In SV40-transformed culture cells, viral-specific sequences have been found to be
      covalently linked to host sequences (Sambrook et al. 1968). The most appealing
      interpretation to explain the presence of SV40-specific sequences in adult mice
      following infection at the preimplantation stage would be to assume that the
      viral DNA was integrated at this early stage of development into the host genome
      and was thus conserved during further development. However, our results do not
      exclude an extrachromosomal existence of the SV40 genome, for example, as an
      independently replicating plasmid or as a lytic infection in a few permissive
      cells. So far our attempts to demonstrate autonomous SV40 DNA replication in
      early mouse embryos have been unsuccessful. We plan to investigate whether the
      SV40-specific information can be genetically transmitted from the infected mice
      to their offspring; chromosomal integration would be proven if transmission of
      SV40 DNA occurred in accordance with simple Mendelian expectations. The injection
      of mouse blastocysts with purified SV40 DNA did not detectably interfere with
      normal development of the embryos to healthy adult mice, which were still tumor
      free at one year of age. This was not due to the trivial possibility that the
      viral DNA did not successfully infect and was eliminated from the injected
      embryos, as virus-specific DNA sequences were detected in 40% of the infected
      year-old animals, or in about 25% of DNA preparations extracted from some of
      their tissues (Table 1). It is nevertheless possible that the animals may not
      have been old enough to exhibit tumorigenesis of SV40 origin; to test this
      possibility, the experiment will have to be repeated for longer survival periods.
      The absence of any obvious signs of expression of viral genetic functions, i.e.,
      tumor formation, up to one year of age of the host is reminiscent of the "cryptic
      transformants" described earlier (Smith et al. 1972) which harbor SV40
      information but behave essentially like normal untransformed cells. Whether
      transcription or translation of the virus gene can occur in infected mice is
      presently an open question. Testing for expression of an integrated viral genome
      in diverse differentiated tissues may provide a useful model system to study the
      regulation of differentiation. These matters are currently being investigated.

PMID- 169084
TI  - A simplifying concept in tumor virology: virus-specific "pleiotropic effectors".

PMID- 169086
TI  - Indirect complementation of a nontransforming mutant of polyoma virus.

PMID- 169085
TI  - Structural studies on two adenovirus 2-SV40 hybrids containing the entire SV40
      genome.

PMID- 169087
TI  - Physical mapping of temperature-sensitive mutations of adenoviruses.

PMID- 169088
TI  - Polyoma virus--a study of wild-type, mutant and defective DNAs.

PMID- 169089
TI  - A circular DNA-protein complex adenoviruses and its possible role in DNA
      replication.

PMID- 169090
TI  - Mapping the genes of simian virus 40.

PMID- 169091
TI  - Adenovirus-infected, cell-specific, DNA-binding proteins.

PMID- 169092
TI  - Human adenovirus infection in monkey cells: an example of host restriction at a
      step late in replication.

PMID- 169093
TI  - Properties and behavior of hamster embryo cells transformed by human adenovirus
      type 5.

PMID- 169094
TI  - Mapping of mutational alterations in DNA with S1 nuclease: the location of
      deletions, insertions and temperature-sensitive mutations in SV40.

PMID- 169095
TI  - Viral DNA sequences in cells transformed by simian virus 40, adenovirus type 2
      and adenovirus type 5.

PMID- 169096
TI  - Studies on in vitro transformation by DNA and DNA fragments of human adenoviruses
      and simian virus 40.

PMID- 169097
TI  - Studies of hamster cells transformed by adenovirus 2 and the nondefective Ad2
      SV40 hybrids.
AB  - Adenovirus 2 does not produce tumors when injected into newborn hamsters, and
      this failure is not corrected by the acquisition of the portion of the SV40
      genome present in any of the nondefective Ad2-SV40 hybrid viruses. However,
      nonhybrid Ad2 will transform hamster cells in vitro, and these transformed cells
      will produce tumors when injected into newborn hamsters. This finding, taken in
      conjunction with other studies (Graham et al., this volume; McAllister et al.,
      1969; McDougall et al., this volume; Williams 1973), suggests that the
      categorization of Ad2 and Ad5 as "nononcogenic" viruses is a reflection of host
      response rather than an intrinsic property of the viruses. However,
      transformation of hamster cells by Ad2 is inefficient, requiring 10(7)-10(8) PFU
      to produce a focus of transformed cells. Transformation of hamster kidney cells
      by the nondefective hybrids cannot be associated with portions of the SV40
      genome. During the transformation process, complex interactions must occur
      between the hamster cell genome and the viral genome of Ad2 or the nondefective
      hybrids. Thus while it appears that there is very little Ad2 DNA in one nonhybrid
      Ad2-transformed cell line, there is a larger amount of Ad2 DNA in all of the
      hybrid virus-transformed cell lines. Moreover, while one Ad2+ND2-transformed line
      has apparently lost the SV40 portion of the viral genome, it is present and
      transcribed in another line transformed by the same virus. Finally, in the lines
      of nondefective hybrid-transformed cells examined thus far, there is extensive
      transcription from the Ad2 H strand. This pattern of transcription differs from
      transcription of the viral genome in most hybrid Ad2-transformed hamster and rat
      cells in which L-strand transcripion predominates.

PMID- 169098
TI  - Isolation and characterization of individual clones of simian virus 40 mutants
      containing deletions duplications and insertions in their DNA.

PMID- 169099
TI  - Characterization of defective simian virus 40 DNA: comparison between large
      plaque and small-plaque types.
AB  - We characterized defective DNA molecules of large-plaque and small-plaque SV40
      produced and accumulated during serial undiluted passages. The electron
      microscope heteroduplex method revealed that defective SV40 DNA contains
      deletions, insertions and substitutions. The majority of the large-plaque
      defective molecules had a simple deletion. The deletions were heterogeneous in
      size, and the sites of deletion appeared to be mostly overlapping. The majority
      of the small-plaque defective molecules had a deletion, and more than half of the
      deletion molecules also had an insertion at a separate site. The small-plaque
      SV40 genome appeared to have more sites for deletion to occur than large-plaque
      SV40, and the deletions have occurred at more than two sites. The change of a
      local nucleo tide sequence resulting from mutation may be related to the
      difference between the two plaque types.

PMID- 169100
TI  - Altered patterns of protein synthesis in infection by SV40 mutants.

PMID- 169101
TI  - Characterization of SV40 DNA rescued from transformed mouse cells.

PMID- 169102
TI  - Conditional lethal mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.

PMID- 169103
TI  - Latent herpes simplex virus and the nervous system,.

PMID- 169104
TI  - Endotracheal antibiotics for the prevention of tracheobronchial infections in
      tracheotomized unconscious patients. A comparative study of gentamicin and
      aminosidin-polymyxin B combination.
AB  - Endotracheal administration of gentamicin has been compared to the endotracheal
      administration of aminosidin plus polymyxin B as a preventive measure against
      tracheobronchial infections in 25 and 22 tracheotomized patients respectively who
      had been admitted to a neurosurgical unit. Both series were comparable as far as
      underlying disease, duration of hospitalization, surgical therapy. Both regimens
      were similarly effective from the bacteriologic and clinical points of view. Both
      regimens were similarly effective in preventing colonization of bronchial
      secretions by potential pathogens and were associated with a similar frequency of
      infectious episodes (eight in each group). The use of aminosidin-polymyxin B
      combination was associated with a lower incidence of emergence of gentamicin
      resistant strains, but the endotracheal administration of gentamicin was better
      tolerated than that of the combination. It is concluded that the combination of
      aminosidin-polymyxin is a useful alternative to gentamicin for the prevention of
      bronchopulmonary infections in unconscious tracheotomized patients.

PMID- 169105
TI  - Acquired tracheomalacia: etiology and differential diagnosis.
AB  - The noninvasive diagnosis of impaired mechanical integrity or compliance of the
      trachea is most accurately made by fluoroscopic observation recorded on video
      tape or cineradiography, with or without benefit of artificial contrast media
      (contrast tracheography). In particular, localized buckling, collapse or
      dilatation indicative of focal tracheomalacia may thus be diagnosed in vivo and
      correlated with diseases of the central airways. Congenital tracheomalacia is a
      rare, bu, well described entity. Cases of acquired tracheomalacia occur with
      increasing frequency, but are often not clearly recognized. We contrast the
      dynamic behavior of the normal trachea with the abnormal dynamics characteristic
      of focal tracheomalacia. Such lesions may result from trauma, surgical
      procedures, chronic irritation, inflammation, mechanical changes, or malignancy.

PMID- 169106
TI  - Fibrous histiocytoma of the trachea.
AB  - A histologically benign but locally infiltrating tumor of histiocytes, fibrous
      histiocytoma, was found in the trachea of a 26-year-old man. Partial resection of
      the trachea afforded the successful removal of the growth with no evidence of
      recurrence or metastases 27 months after surgery. Pathology and prognostic
      aspects of the tumor are discussed.

PMID- 169107
TI  - Evaluation of different antibiotic actions combined with rifampicin. In vitro
      synergism against Pseudomonas and Proteus.
AB  - Associations of penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and polymyxin B with
      rifampicin were tested for synergism against Pseudomonas and Proteus pathological
      strains. The combination of rifampicin and polymyxin B was clearly synergistic
      for all strains as it was evaluated by isobolograms and killing curvesmthe
      bactericidal action of this association, without any cross-resistance between its
      components, may eradicate gram-negative bacteria infections with marked
      polyvalent drug resistances.

PMID- 169108
TI  - Studies on the additive effect of polymyxin B and the bactericidal activity of
      human serum against Serratia marcescens.
AB  - Two of twelve examined S. marcescens strains were promptly killed by 80% (v/v)
      fresh human serum (within 20 min), analogous to  a serum-sensitive control strain
      of Escherichia coli; ten strains, however, were killed by fresh serum only after
      extended incubation (2-4 h). The combination of therapeutically achievable
      concentrations of polymyxin B (range 5 to 1.25 mug/ml) and fresh, but not heat
      inactivated human serum was found to exert an accelerated, additive effect
      against 9 of 10 'delayed serum-sensitive' isolates of S. marcescens, an organism
      that is characterized by intrinsic resistance against polymyxins. The combination
      of 80% (v/v) fresh, defibrinated human blood and polymyxin B likewise resulted in
      an additive effect. Polymyxin B treatment of S. marcescens strains caused a
      prompt, marked, though reversible bile salt susceptibility of the cells; in
      contrast, the effect induced by fresh serum was slight and not apparent until
      several hours after exposure.

PMID- 169109
TI  - In vitro and in vivo effect of 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3
      carboxamide (ribavirin) on types 1 and 3 parainfulenza virus infections.
AB  - 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) had significant
      in vitro activity against type 1 parainfluenza (Sendai) and type 3 parainogenic
      (HA-1) viruses. Activity was manifested as inhibition of both viral
      cytopathogenic effect and of recoverable virus or viral hemagglutinin titer. The
      minimum Sendai virus inhibitory concentration was determined to be approximately
      3.2 mug/ml. Previous studies had determined the minimum concentration inhibiting
      HA-1 virus was approximately 1-10 mug/ml. The effect of time of addition of
      ribavirin to virus-infected cells was determined; maximal activity was seen when
      the drug added just prior to either virus or within 4-8 h after each virus,
      although anti-Senadi viral effects were still apparent when ribavirin was added
      as late as 24 h after the virus. Ribavirin had no effect on adsorption of HA-1 or
      Sendai virus to cells. Lethal Sendai virus infections of mice were significantly
      inhibited by multiple intraperitoneal ribavirin treatment, starting either 4 h
      before or up to 24 h after virus inoculation. Therapy starting 48, 72 or 96 h
      after virus exposure had a moderate degree of efficacy. Treatment using an
      aerosol chamber also was of moderate effectiveness, although the procedure was
      considered traumatic to the animals. A nonlethal, principally upper respiratory
      tract infection of hamsters induced by the HA-1 virus was inhibited by ribavirin
      therapy. Treatment administered intraperitoneally, per os or by aerosol chamber
      resulted in reduced 23-day antibody titers to the virus, presumably because of
      reduction of virus in the animal. In a separate experiment, intraperitoneal
      ribavirin therapy resulted in a 1 log10 or less reduction in virus titer in nasal
      washings from HA-1 virus-infected hamsters, whereas, when the drug was
      administered intranasally in a dry powder aerosol spray, nasal virus titers were
      reduced up to 2 log10 and a moderate virus-induced lung consolidation was
      completely inhibited.

PMID- 169110
TI  - Antiviral activity of a pyrazino-pyrazine derivative.
AB  - The 2,3-dihydroxy-6-bromo-pyrazino-[2,3-beta]-pyrazine is a substance selected
      during the antiviral screening of pyrazino-pyrazine derivatives. The compound
      shows antiviral activity in vitro against measles, NDV, some influenza viruses
      and against herpes simplex and zoster, infectious canine hepatitis and vaccinia
      viruses. It had no effect on ECHO 9 virus. Therapeutic trials showed activity
      also on herpetic keratoconjunctivitis experimentally induced in rabbits.

PMID- 169111
TI  - [Possibilities of surgical treatment of syndactyly associated with developmental
      anomalies of the phalanges and metacarpal bones].

PMID- 169112
TI  - [Persistence of latex-agglutination inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies
      against enterovirus in the healthy population (author's transl)].
AB  - Sera of 122 persons were examined by the neutralization and latex-agglutination
      inhibition tests for antibodies against Polio type I, Coxsackie virus type A 9
      and B 4, as well as Echo virus type 9. With increasing age there was a titre
      difference between latex-agglutination inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies,
      due to the earlier fall in the former. These antibodies, contrary to neutralizing
      ones, were in the lower titre region. The results confirmed the usefulness of the
      latex-agglutination inhibition test in the diagnosis of acute enterovirus
      infections.

PMID- 169113
TI  - [Letter: ACTH or corticoids in status asthmaticus?].

PMID- 169114
TI  - [Carcinoma of the liver in a child after seven-year complete remission of acute
      lymphoblastic leukaemia(author's transl)].
AB  - A malignant hepatoma occurred in a 12-year-old girl who eight years previously
      had developed an acute lymphoblastic leukaemia which for eight years had been in
      complete haematological remission. Fourteen months after the last re-induction
      treatment period had been discontinued, but while on methotrexate and 6
      mercaptopurine maintenance, a hepatocellular liver carcinoma developed of which
      the patient died after a fulminating course, still in complete haematological
      remission. As far as is known, no direct carcinogenic effect can be ascribed to
      the two antimetabolites, but it must be assumed that these two drugs, taken by
      the patient for over seven years, led to cirrhosis of the liver whose malignant
      transformation was significantly influenced by the immunosuppressive effects of
      methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine, given as maintenance therapy according to
      protocol 02 LA 64, Paris.

PMID- 169115
TI  - [Inhibition of ethanol exidation on prolonged fasting in man: reversibility on
      fructose infusion(author's transl)].
AB  - Fasting for over 36 hours was found to inhibit ethanol metabolism in healthy
      volunteers by 43% (P less than 0.01) compared with values obtained after 12
      hours' fasting. Ethanol oxidation was not inhibited by prolonged fasting when it
      was stimulated by intravenous fructose. The explanation for this effect is
      thought to lie in the inhibition of alcohol oxidation mainly by limiting the rate
      of NADH-reoxidation in the liver.

PMID- 169117
TI  - [Current problems of liver transplantation. Recent experiences in six liver
      transplantations].

PMID- 169116
TI  - [Therapy of juvenile chronic polyarthritis].

PMID- 169118
TI  - [Gas edema in broilers].

PMID- 169119
TI  - [Comparitive study of phosphatase activity in the seminal plasma of various
      domestic animals in Egypt (short communication)].

PMID- 169120
TI  - Corticosterone-induced changes in hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor
      (CRF) content after stress.
AB  - Central and peripheral humoral responses of the adrenocortical system were
      measured for 2 h after the application of several stimuli. Two min after the
      onset of the stresses of sham-adrenalectomy or laparotomy with intestinal
      traction there was a 4-6 fold increase in hypothalamic CRF content as compared to
      control content, This is the usual CRF response to stress. In contrast, after
      adrenalectomy or manipulation of the pedicles of adrenal glands; CRF content at 2
      min was only slightly increased above baseline values. This finding suggests that
      touching the adrenal vascular and nervous supply results in a direct neural input
      to the hypothalamus that is qualitatively different from most other stimuli. At
      times later than 2 min after stress, whem plasma corticosterone levels rise in
      the intact rat, the patterns of CRF and ACTH responses that were observed after
      adrenalectomy were determined by whether corticosterone replacement therapy was
      given. Without corticosterone replacement, the CRF and ACTH responses to
      adrenalectomy resembled those of laparotomy with intestinal traction. When
      corticosterone was administered 2 and 40 min after adrenalectomy, the CRF and
      ACTH responses resembled those of sham-adrenalectomy. At 20 min, CRF content was
      low after laparotomy with intestinal traction or adrenalectomy and high after
      shan-adrenalectomy or adrenalectomy with corticosterone replacement. Plasma ACTH
      peaked by 20 min, and remained high for 2 h after the first 2 stimuli, and was
      significantly decreased from the 20 min peak by 40 min after application of the
      latter stimuli. CRF content increased to a second peak 80 min after laparotomy
      with intestinal traction or adrenalectomy. This rise in CRF must represent
      increased formation of the releasing factor because ACTH levels were elevated and
      constant for the preceding 60 min. After sham-adrenalectomy or adrenalectomy with
      corticosterone replacement, CRF content and ACTH are low at 80 min. Measurement
      of circulating ACTH levels in conjunction with CRF content after these stimuli
      have yielded sufficient information to assign  mechanisms of altered synthesis
      and secretion to explain the observed changes in CRF content. Corticosterone
      damps the adrenocortical system response to the stimuli of sham-adrenalectomy or
      adrenalectomy with corticosterone replacement by two mechanisms. Firstly, it acts
      to inhibit CRF secretion probably via rate-sensitive feedback. Secondly, it acts
      to inhibit the second wave of CRF formation that is observed 80 min after stress
      is applied, probably via the proportional feedback mechanism.

PMID- 169121
TI  - Competitive binding activity of angiotensin II analogues in an adrenal cortex
      radioligand-receptor assay;.
AB  - The competitive binding activities of a number of angiotensin analogues were
      determined in a radioligand-receptor assay employing bovine adrenal crotex
      homogenate and [125I] iodoangiotensin II. This assay system has been shown to
      provide a precise and convenient method for evaluation and comparison of the
      binding-inhibition potencies of angiotensin II derivatives with agonist and
      antagonist activities. Agonist analogues of angiotensin II showed competitive
      binding activities in proportion to their known biological activities upon
      aldosterone production by the adrenal zona glomerulosa. Thus, the [Des-Asp1]
      heptapeptide of angiotensin II was equipotent with the native octapeptide in
      terms of binding-inhibition activity, and the [Sar1] derivative of angiotensin II
      was more potent than the native peptide. By contrast, the [Des-Asp1, Des-Arg2]
      hexapeptide and the [Des-Phe8] heptapeptide showed less than 1% of the activity
      of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II antagonists formed by C-terminal substitution
      of the octapeptide with isoleucine or alanine were also found to exhibit binding
      inhibition activities in proportion to their known potencies as antagonists of
      the action of angiotensin II upon smooth muscle. Certain antagonists, such as [1
      guanidoacetic, 8-isoleucine]-angiotensin II and [1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine]
      angiotensin II displayed significantly greater binding-inhibition potency than
      E1Asp1, Ileu5,-angiotensin II in the adrenal receptor system. Several, such as
      [Sar1, Ala8]-angiotensin II and [MeAla1, Ileu8]-antiotensin II were approximately
      equipotent with angiotensin II, while others such as [1-succinic acid, 8-alanine]
      angiotensin II and [D-Ileu8]-angiotensin II showed no significant binding
      inhibition activity. The relative binding-inhibition potencies of the antagonist
      peptides showed a general correlation with the pA2 values of the same components
      determined upon the smooth muscle response of the isolated aortic strip. The
      binding-inhibition potency of angiotensin II antagonists was also strongly
      influenced by the charge of the N-terminal residue, with enhancement of activity
      by more basic substituents and abolition of activity by highly acidic residues.
      The influence of the basicity of the N-terminus upon receptor binding was also
      observed with the agonist analogue [Sar1]-angiotensin II, which showed a 2- to 3
      fold increase in binding-inhibition potency in comparison to native angiotensin
      II. The significant enhancement of binding-inhibition potency by N-terminal
      sarcosine substitution is attributable to higher affinity of the modified peptide
      for the angiotensin II receptor site, and is consistent with the increased
      activity of [Sar1]-angiotensin II upon smooth muscle and aldosterone production
      in vitro. The determination of binding-inhibition activity in the adrenal
      radioligand receptor assay provides a valid and convenient method for analysis of
      the role of binding affinity in the actions of competitive antagonists upon the
      responses of target cells to angiotensin II.

PMID- 169122
TI  - Degradation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone by the GH3 strain of pituitary cells
      in culture.
AB  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), pGlu-His-ProNH2, binds within 1 h to
      specific receptors on the GH3 strain of pituitary cells. When GH3 cells were
      incubated for 2 days with 3 nM [2,3-3H-Pro]TRH, an increasing fraction of the
      total cellular radioactivity (7% after 1 h, 81% after 43 h) was associated
      covalently with proteins as determined by dialysis, acid precipitation, and gel
      filtration; this fraction corresponded to label which could not be displaced from
      intact GH3 cells by the addition of excess unlabeled TRH. R5 and GH12C1 cells,
      strains which lack TRH receptors, accumulated 16 or 23%, respectively, as much
      label from [2,3-3H-Pro]TRH as did GH3 cells in 24 h. After 24 h of incubation
      with [2,3-3H-Pro]TRH and [14C-His]TRH, the ratio of 14C/3H in GH3 cells was the
      same as in the culture medium, indicating that the intact tripeptide was taken up
      by the cells. After 24-48 h of incubation with [2,3-3H-Pro]TRH, GH3 proteins
      appeared to be labeled randomly as surmised by fractionation on Sephadex G-100,
      DEAE cellulose, Sepharose 4B and sucrose density gradients. In cultures treated
      with cycloheximide (10 mug/ml) or proline (6.3 mM) the initial binding of [2,3-3H
      Pro]TRH to receptors, measured after 1 h, was 97% or 102% of control. However,
      the incorporation of label from [2,3-3H-Pro]TRH into an acid-precipitable product
      after 22 h was inhibited by 81 and 74% by cycloheximide (1 mug/ml) and proline
      (2.5 mM). Formation of [2,3-3H] proline from [2,3-?3H-Pro] TRH was demonstrated
      by thin layer chromatography; the percentage of non-protein radioactivity with an
      Rf of proline increased from 20 to 80% in GH3 cells incubated 1 or 24 h with [2,3
      3H-Pro]TRH. We conclude that after binding to receptors on GH3 cells, TRH is
      slowly metabolized to its constituent amino acids, and the products [2,3
      3H]proline or [14C]histidine are incorporated into newly synthesized proteins.

PMID- 169123
TI  - The significance of calcium for glucose stimulation of insulin release.
AB  - The significance of Ca++ for glucose stimulation of insulin release was studied
      in an in vitro system with beta-cell-rich pancreatic islets microdissected from
      oh/ob-mice. There was only a slight depression of cAMP in islets exposed to the
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine after withdrawal of Ca++
      from the incubation medium. The lack of a stimulatory effect of glucose noted in
      the absence of extracellular Ca++ is therefore probably accounted for by factors
      other than impaired adenylate cyclase activity. A rise of extracellular Ca++
      above the concentration necessary for obtaining the optimal secretagogic effect
      of glucose resulted in inhibition of the glucose-stimulated insulin release,
      leaving basal secretions and islet contents of cAMP unaffected. Evidence was
      provided in support of the idea that H+ completes for Ca++ in glucose stimulation
      of insulin release. Both the rate of basal insulin release and that seen after
      stimulation with glucose were diminished by about 50% after introducing 0.2 mM
      La+++ in the incubation medium. These observations emphasize the significant role
      of Ca++ in the regulation of insulin secretion, suggesting that not only a
      decrease but also an increase of the functionally important intracellular pool(s)
      of Ca++ can result in a diminished response to glucose.

PMID- 169124
TI  - The effect of castration and testosterone replacement on specific proteins and
      androgen levels of the rat epididymis.
AB  - The normal weight increase of the epididymis during sexual maturation and its
      maintenance through adulthood were found to be dependent on the provision of
      androgens. Binding of [3H]dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to the epididymal 8S
      cytoplasmic receptor gradually decreased after castration to become undetectable
      after 25 days. Binding to the androgen binding protein (ABP) was absent 4 days
      after castration and was not reinduced by 3 weeks of testosterone (T)
      administration. Unilateral castration for periods of up to 27 days showed the
      disappearance of ABP with preservation of the 8S receptor on the castrated side,
      indicating a testicular source for ABP and the epididymal origin of the 8S
      receptor. The tissue concentrations of T and DHT in the epididymis became
      undetectable 30 days after castration and were restored to normal values by
      administration of testosterone in large doses (1.5 mg/100 g BW). Similar results
      were obtained in rats castrated at 10 days of age and injected with testosterone
      until 60 days old. The ratio DHT/T was depressed in the castrate and increased
      with testosterone treatment. The protein content of the epididymis (mg of
      protein/g wet weight) was also found to be influenced by androgens. Our results
      show evidence of some mechanisms involved in the trophic effect of androgens upon
      the epididymis and suggest the possible androgenic control of epididymal 5alpha
      reductase activity. They also indicate that a testicular factor is required for
      the maintenance of the 8S cytoplasmic androgen receptor. It is not known whether
      this factor is testosterone or some other testicular secretion.

PMID- 169125
TI  - Regulation of in vitro insulin release from a transplantable Syrian hamster
      insulinoma.
AB  - An insulin-producing islet cell tumor of the Syrian hamster has been studied in
      vitro for its capacity to respond to known stimuli of insulin release. Insulin
      secretion during short term incubation and perifusion of fragments of tumor was
      detected by radioimmunoassay. Insulin release was increased 2-4 fold by 40 mM
      potassium in the presence of calcium, glucose (22 mM), glucagon (0.3-3.0 muM),
      N6,02'-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP; 6mM), and theophylline (10
      mM). Concentrations of glucagon that induced insulin release were also effective
      in activating adenylate cyclase in the membranes of tumor cells. Thus, this tumor
      appears to possess a cAMP-mediated mechanism for insulin release. Somatostatin
      (0.8-25 mum) inhibited glucagon-induced insulin release without altering basal or
      glucagon stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. It would appear that inhibition
      of glucagon induced insulin release by somatostatin is not mediated by adenylate
      cyclase. We propose that insulin release by this tumor is sufficiently similar to
      that found in normal islets so as to make it a suitable model for biochemical
      studies that require large quantities of homogeneous tissue.

PMID- 169126
TI  - Renal receptors for calcitonin: coordinate occurrence with calcitonin-activated
      adenylate cyclase.
AB  - High affinity binding of 125I-labeled salmon calcitonin ([125I]SCT) and
      calcitonin-activated adenylate cyclase were detectable in renal plasma membranes
      from the rat. Addition of 5'-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate lowered the threshold for
      enzyme activation by peptide hormones. Renal plasma membranes from man, dog and
      cow contained little or no calcitonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase and showed no
      high affinity binding of [125I]SCT. High affinity binding sites were distributed
      during membrane fractionation in fractions where the specific activity of hormone
      sensitive adenylate cyclase was greatest. Calcitonin binding and activation of
      the adenylate cyclase enzyme occurred at similar hormone concentrations. The
      relative potencies of calcitonin analogues were similar whether measured by
      competition for high affinity binding sites or by effect on adenylate cyclase.
      Low concentrations of Lubrol-PX, a nonionic detergent, did not affect catalytic
      function of the enzyme determined in the presence of sodium fluoride but caused
      parallel loss of high affinity [125I]SCT binding and hormonal sensitivity of the
      enzyme. This observation provided further evidence that interaction of calcitonin
      with specific receptors (identified with [125I]SCT binding) is essential for
      calcitonin activation of adenylate cyclase, but showed that catalytic activity of
      enzyme does not require functioning hormone receptors.

PMID- 169127
TI  - [Role of cholesterol esterase isolated from the adrenal cortex in the activity of
      the adrenocorticotropic hormone].

PMID- 169128
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in rat hepatocytes following acute methyl mercury
      intoxication.

PMID- 169129
TI  - Studies of quartz cytotoxicity on peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs
      pretreated with polyvinylpyridine N-oxide.

PMID- 169130
TI  - Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients.
AB  - Blood samples from 45 cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Israel were
      tested for the presence of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen and
      early antigen by the indirect immunofluorescence method. Significantly higher
      titers were found in patients as compared to healthy controls with higher titers
      especially in Jews of Asian-African origin. Mean geometric titer was 1:42.8 in
      this group as compared to 1:10.8 in the control group. Antibodies to Epstein-Barr
      Virus early antigen were found in 50% of the patients and in none of the controls
      tested. Elevated titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus antigens seem to be
      related to impaired immunological mechanisms in subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis patients, especially of a certain ethnic group.

PMID- 169131
TI  - Electrophoretic study of phosphofructokinase isoenzymes from human tissues and
      tumours of the nervous system.

PMID- 169132
TI  - Regulation of DNA synthesis by guanosine-5'-diphosphate, cyclic guanosine-3',5'
      monophosphate, and cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate in mouse lymphoid cells.

PMID- 169134
TI  - Modification of cell membranes with viral envelopes during fusion cells with HVJ
      (Sendai virus). II. Effects of pretreatment with a small number of HVJ.

PMID- 169133
TI  - Modification of cell membranes with viral envelopes during fusion of cells with
      HVJ (Sendai virus).

PMID- 169135
TI  - Studies on the outer surface of normal and RSV-transformed BHK fibroblast plasma
      membrane.

PMID- 169136
TI  - Integration of avian sarcoma virus specific DNA in mammalian chromatin.

PMID- 169137
TI  - Sodium periodate stimulation of human lymphocytes. A comparison between normal
      and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes.

PMID- 169138
TI  - Manipulation of the cell cycle of the hemopoietic stem cell.

PMID- 169139
TI  - Effect of some phosphodiesterase inhibitors on two different preparations of
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 169140
TI  - Efflux of cyclic AMP from resealed erythrocyte ghosts is not enhanced by Hepes.

PMID- 169141
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides vs. adenosine analogs as inhibitors of adenylate cyclase
      activity: nonidentity of sites of action.

PMID- 169142
TI  - Change of the cytochrome oxidase level during exponential growth in Neurospora
      crassa.
AB  - In Neurospora cells growing in various media, the specific activity of cytochrome
      oxidase increases very markedly during early exponential growth, reaching a
      maximum after 4-5 duplication times, then it slowly declines.

PMID- 169143
TI  - Absence of effects of dibutyryl cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate on release
      of alpha-amylase, 45Ca efflux, and protein synthesis in rat pancreas in vitro.
AB  - Dibutyryl cyclic GMP did not affect basal, or carbachol stimulated secretion of
      alpha-amylase from rat pancreas. The nucleotide did not have a significant effect
      on 45Ca release from the pancreas nor did it alter the response to carbachol. The
      dibutyryl analogue of cyclic GMP did not duplicate or alter the inhibitory effect
      of carbachol on 3H-leucine incorporation into pancreatic trichloroacetic acid
      precipitable protein.

PMID- 169144
TI  - Microsomal metabolism as a determinant of aflatoxin toxicity.
AB  - The evidences to incriminate the possible role of microsomal drug metabolizing
      system in aflatoxin toxicity in rat have been reviewed. It is suggested that an
      effective drug metabolism results in decreased acute toxicity and the products of
      metabolism are more carcinogenic than the native toxin to the rat liver.

PMID- 169145
TI  - Fetal calf serum alters cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate's effect on heme
      synthesis in vitro.
AB  - An investigation of the effect of cAMP on heme synthesis of rat bone marrow cells
      revealed that at 10(-2) M this cyclic nucleotide inhibits heme synthesis and that
      optimum stimulation occurs at 10(-4) M. Some unidentified constituent of fetal
      calf serum in the culture medium modifies the direction and degree of cAMP's
      effect.

PMID- 169146
TI  - Appearance of sex hormone receptors in frog (Rana esculenta) tadpole skin during
      metamorphosis.
AB  - In tadpole skin of Rana esculenta, a specific testosterone receptor was detected
      during the climax in both males and females. The Kass ranged between 1 and 2.79 x
      10(9)M-1.

PMID- 169147
TI  - Lack of increase in 3',5'-cyclic AMP by estrogens in oviducts of Coturnix quail.

PMID- 169148
TI  - Correlation of estrogen-induced uterine eosinophilia with other parameters of
      estrogen stimulation, produced with estradiol-17beta and estriol.
AB  - Estradiol-17beta is a stronger estrogen than estriol for the genomic response of
      estrogens. Estriol is a stronger estrogen than estradiol-17beta for the estrogen
      induced uterine eosinophilia and the 6 h increase in the uterine wet weight.

PMID- 169149
TI  - The effect of topically applied beclomethasone dipropionate on hypothalamus
      pituitary-adrenal function.

PMID- 169150
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a nuclear RNA polymerase - SV40 DNA
      complex.

PMID- 169151
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol-like activity in Solanum malacoxylon: purification
      and partial characterization.

PMID- 169152
TI  - Sodium periodate, sodium chlorite, and organic hydroperoxides as hydroxylating
      agents in hepatic microsomal steroid hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by
      cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 169153
TI  - Separation of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin by preparative isotachophoresis.

PMID- 169155
TI  - Solubilized contact sites a from cell membranes of Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 169154
TI  - The superoxide dismutase activity of iron complexes.

PMID- 169156
TI  - On the interaction of soybean lipoxygenase-1 and 13-L-hydroperoxylinoleic acid,
      involving yellow and purple coloured enzyme species.

PMID- 169157
TI  - The effect of SH-blocking agents on the p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of
      intact Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

PMID- 169158
TI  - Structure of a 30 S pre-ribosomal RNA of E. coli.

PMID- 169159
TI  - On the mechanism of action of silicomolybdic acid in chloroplasts.

PMID- 169160
TI  - Specificity of collagenase from Achromobacter iophagus.

PMID- 169161
TI  - Endogenous phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of microtubule-associated
      proteins isolated from bovine anterior pituitary.

PMID- 169162
TI  - The effect of temperature on the cytochrome pattern and respiration of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 169163
TI  - Kinetic parameters of tryptophan: tRNA ligase catalyzed ATP-(32P) pyrophosphate
      exchange as an approach to extimation of the order of substrate binding.

PMID- 169164
TI  - Independent cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterases in Blastocladiella emersonii.

PMID- 169165
TI  - Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type III: deficiency of a specific apolipoprotein
      (apo E-III) in the very-low-density lipoproteins.

PMID- 169166
TI  - Effect of peripheral ethanol metabolism on the central nervous system.
AB  - The main symptoms of ethanol intoxication, tolerance, and physical dependence
      presumably, derive from the effects of ethanol on the central nervous system. It
      is not known clearly how and to what extent these effects are caused by ethanol
      itself or by its metabolic derivatives, chiefly acetaldehyde, formed in the
      liver, and transported into the brain through the blood stream. Since the
      concentrations of acetaldehyde found in the blood and brain of human subjects and
      experimental animals are approximately 44 times lower than the lowest effective
      concentrations found in in vitro experiments, it remains to be established
      whether acetaldehyde derived under in vivo conditions from the oxidation of
      ethanol in the liver plays any significant role in suppressing the respiratory
      metabolism or other metabolic pathways in the brain. It is concluded that the
      site of ethanol effects on the central nervous system is probably associated with
      that part of the metabolic system that is dependent on normal functioning of the
      neuronal cell membrane and probably has little relation to the peripheral or
      central metabolism of ethanol.

PMID- 169167
TI  - Supersensitivity to catecholamines after impairment of extraneuronal uptake or
      catechol-O-methyl transferase.
AB  - In cat papillary muscle and nictitating membrane block of extraneuronal catechol
      O-methyl transferase (COMT) by 3',4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methyl propiophenone (U
      0521) or of extraneuronal uptake by hydrocortisone causes supersensitivity to
      catecholamines whenever the experimental conditions result in a high sensitivity
      of the organ to catecholamines. After block of monoamine oxidase the
      extraneuronal O-methylation of (-)-[3H]norepinephrine by the isolated nictiating
      membrane is due to two O-methylating systems (Km and Vmax: 7.5 muM and 0.73
      nmoles - g-1 - min-1, and 131 muM and 8.5 nmoles - g-1 - min-1, respectively).
      Hydrocortisone (28 muM) blocked the activity of the high affinity system without
      affecting the low affinity system. Apparently, there exists an extraneuronal
      compartment of high affinity that has a hydrocortisone-sensitive uptake mechnism;
      this compartment influences the concentration of catecholamines below the Km of
      this compartment. Supersensitivity ensues when either uptake or enzyme is
      blocked. Since the sensitivity effects of U-0521 and hydrocortisone are not
      additive, the high affinity compartment must a) metabolize most of the
      catecholamine transported into the compartment, and b) have a limited storage
      capacity for catecholamines after block of COMT.

PMID- 169168
TI  - [Studies on the mechanism of the diabetogenic activity of streptozotocin and on
      the ability of compounds to block the diabetogenic activity of streptozotocin
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The present study was undertaken to clarify the mechanism of the diabetogenic
      activity of streptozotocin. Experiments were conducted to determine the
      resistance of animals to the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin; to follow the
      time course of irreversible beta-cell damage, and to determine the influence on
      streptozotocin action of certain compounds. Streptozotocin, a broad spectrum
      antibiotic, with antitumoral properties, was shown to be diabetogenic in rats and
      mice, but not in cats, rabbits, or guinea pigs. Intravenous or intraperitoneal
      administration of 65 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin to male Wistar rats
      evoked a tri-phasic blood sugar response. It induced an initial hyperglycemic
      peak with no apparent change in plasma insulin concentrations, followed by
      profound hypoglycemia caused by liberation of large amounts of insulin from the
      pancreas. Forty-eight hours after injection, the animals were completely
      diabetic. Light- and electron-microscopic exadminations during the first forty
      eight hours after the injection of streptozotocin showed pyknosis, degranulation
      and marked degeneration of the beta-cells. 1egenerative and necrotic changes were
      also seen in a few alpha-cells. These streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
      revealed polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia and glucosuria, and decreased body
      weight. Blood sugar, plasma FFA and insulin concentrations were examined after
      oral administration of glucose (OGTT: 3g/kg). Blood sugar and plasma FFA were
      significantly elevated but plasma insulin concentrations were markedly decreased,
      so insulin treatments were most effective in these animals. It has been reported
      that nicotinamide prevents the diabetogenic activity of streptozotocin and the
      deformity action of 6-aminonicotinamide and 3-acetylpridine. Pre-treatment with
      picolinamide, methyl-nicotinamide, and nicotinohydroxamic acid also blocked its
      diabetogenic action, but nicotinic acid, mannoheptulose and glucose were
      ineffective. N-nitrosodimethylamin and ethyl-N-nitrosomethylcarbamate were devoid
      of diabetogenicity. It seems that streptozotocin interfers with NAD formation in
      the beta-cell. Functioning pancreatic islets cell tumors were observed on the
      rats both at 407 days after streptozotocin administration and at 473 days after
      streptozotocin administration with nicotinamide (500 mg/kg, i.p.).

PMID- 169169
TI  - [Studies on circadian rhythm and the feedback mechanism of hormone secretion from
      the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system --pertaining to the circadian variation
      of feedback sensitivity in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis-- (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to investigate the relationship if any between the circadian rhythm of
      the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system and of feedback sensitivity in the
      hypothalamic-pituitary axis, temporal changes of serum corticoid level and of
      ACTH responsiveness to metyrapone were studied in 5 controls, 4 patients with
      loss of consciousness due to central nervous system diseases (Group A), 2 blind
      subjects (Group B) and 2 patients with psychiatric disorders accompanied with
      sleep-wake cycle disturbance (Group C). Two patients in Group A with normal
      circadian rhythm of serum corticoid levels exhibited abnormal rhythm in ACTH
      responsiveness to metyrapone. In contrast, 2 other patients in Group A with
      normal rhythm in ACTH responsiveness to metyrapone exhibited abnormal circadian
      rhythms of serum corticoid levels. In spite of the disturbed circadian rhythm of
      serum corticoid levels, 2 patients in Group B showed normal rhythm in ACTH
      responsiveness to metyrapone. Two patients in Group C exhibited abnormalities in
      both circadian changes. It was concluded that there might be different control
      mechanisms between the circadian rhythmicity of the hypothalamic-pituitary
      adrenal system and of the feedback sensitivity.

PMID- 169170
TI  - General dentistry and oral medicine in the hospital.
AB  - General dentistry in a hospital should not be confined to restorative dentistry
      happens to be performed in a hospital dental clinic. In addition to expertise in
      restorative dentistry and other dental specialties, general practitioners
      participating in hospital programs must also be students of two major areas--
      diagnosis of diseases involving the head and neck as well as dental management of
      patients with severe medical disease. In the preceding short review a few
      examples of disorders about which the hospital dentist may be consulted were
      reviewed along with the proper protocol for requesting and answering
      consultations. This list is necessarily short and incomplete. A different group
      of disorders could have been discussed in this article. The competent hospital
      dentist must be a continual student of disease and its possible effect upon
      dental treatment and oral diagnosis. The task is formidable but rewarding and
      interesting.

PMID- 169171
TI  - Management of oral and facial pain in the hospital environment.

PMID- 169172
TI  - Hormonal regulation of incorporation of alanine-U-14C into glucose in human fetal
      liver explants. Effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, glucagon, insulin, and
      triamcinolone.
AB  - Incorporation of alanine-U-14C into glucose and liver glycogen increased linearly
      over sixty-five hours in culture of human fetal liver explants. This rate of
      incorporation was stimulated two- to tenfold by incubation with N6,2'O-dibutyryl
      adenosine 3'-5:cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) (0.1 mM) plus
      theophylline (0.5 mM) or glucagon (7.5 mug./ml.) plus theophylline. No apparent
      lag period was detected, and the hormonal effect continued throughout the
      observation period. Insulin (1 U./ml.) significantly decreased both the basal
      rate of incorporation and the stimulated rate resulting from dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      or glucagon incubation. These effects were observed at both high (10mM) and low
      (2.8 mM) media glucose and from both 2.3 muM and 5 mM alanine-U-14C.
      Triamcinolone (20 mug./ml.) alone stimulated the rate of alanine-U-14C
      incorporation into glucose, whereas triamcinolone in the presence of dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP produced an increase in incorporation greater than the sum of the
      individual effects. The basal incorporation of alanine-U-14C into glucose by
      these human fetal liver explants provide a rate of approximately 4 nmoles
      glucose/gm. min, which is discussed in relation to the physiologic needs of the
      fetus and newborn.

PMID- 169173
TI  - Insulin receptors in the heart muscle. Demonstration of specific binding sites
      and impairment of insulin binding in the plasma membrane of the obese
      hyperglycemic mouse.
AB  - The presence of insulin receptors in the heart muscle was investigated by
      measuring the binding of 125I-insulin to specific subcellular fractions of the
      rat and mouse myocardium. 125I-insulin bound to the plasma membrane fraction with
      a high degree of specificity and affinity. Insulin analogues competed with 125I
      insulin in direct proportion to their biologic potency in vitro. Unlabeled
      insulin within the range of its concentrations in vivo inhibited 15 to 60 per
      cent of the 125I-insulin binding. The specific binding sites were finite in
      number and represented about 90 per cent of the total binding. The insulin
      binding capacity of the plasma membrane fraction was twelve- to fifteenfold
      higher than that of the mitochondrial fraction. As in the liver, the binding was
      time- and temperature-dependent with a slower but higher binding achieved at a
      lower temperature. The binding sites appeared to be heterogeneous with respect to
      affinity. At 5 degrees C., the "higher-affinity" site had a K of about 2 times
      10(9) M-1. No more than 10 per cent of the 125I-insulin was degraded by the heart
      plasma membranes after one hour at 30 degrees C. or twenty-two hours at 5 degrees
      C. Studies in the obese hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mouse revealed that the insulin
      binding is impaired in the heart muscle of this animal. Over a wide range of
      insulin concentrations, the plasma membrane fraction of ob/ob mice bound only 25
      to 40 per cent as much insulin as did membranes of the thin littermates,
      suggesting that, as in the liver, the fat tissue, and the thymic lymphocyte, the
      number of insulin-binding sites is decreased in the heart of the ob/ob mouse.
      This defect selectively affected the plasma membrane fraction and could not be
      explained by differences in membrane purification or insulin-degrading activity.
      Heart and liver membranes of forty-hour fasted ob/ob mice bound two to three
      times as much insulin as did membranes of ob/ob mice fed ad libitum. These
      studies demonstrate and characterize the binding of insulin to heart muscle
      membranes; they extend to the heart muscle the insulin receptor defect also found
      in liver membranes and cells, in fat cell membranes, and in thymic lymphocytes of
      the ob/ob mouse.

PMID- 169174
TI  - Decreased cyclic AMP and insulin response to glucose in isolated islets of
      neonatal rats.
AB  - The (3H) cyclic AMP accumulation was measured in incubations of pancreatic islets
      from one-day, six-day, and thirty-five-day-old rats exposed to a low (0.6
      mg./ml.) or a high (3.0 mg./ml.) glucose concentration with or without the
      addition of 0.1 mM. of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl- 1 
      methylxanthine (IBMX). In the thirty-five-day-old rats, (3H) cyclic AMP
      accumulation was significantly enhanced after sixty minutes' incubation in a high
      glucose concentration and further increased by IBMX. These changes were
      paralleled by a stimulated insulin release, measured simultaneously. By contrast,
      in the one-day-old rats, no effect of glucose with or without IBMX was seen on
      (3H) cyclic AMP, while the minor insulin release due to high glucose alone was
      markedly potentiated by IBMX. Even in the presence of this agent the insulin
      response to glucose was, however, clearly inferior to that seen in the thirty
      five-day-old animals. The stimulatory patterns of glucose-induced insulin release
      in the six-day-old animals was intermediate between the other two age groups. At
      this age, stimulation of (3H) cyclic AMP due to glucose was observed only in the
      presence of IBMX. Measurement of (3H) cyclic AMP after three minutes' incubation
      confirmed these different stimulatory patterns of glucose in the age groups
      studied. It is suggested that the inefficiency of glucose to stimulate the adenyl
      cyclase-cyclic AMP system of the beta cell from fetal and neonatal animals may be
      one important factor determining the insensitivity to the insulin-releasing
      action of glucose that exists at this stage of development.

PMID- 169175
TI  - Comparison of 125-I-insulin binding and degradation to isolated rat hepatocytes
      and liver membranes.
AB  - We have compared the ability of rat liver plasma membranes and isolated
      hepatocytes to bind and degrade insulin. Isolated cells were prepared in two
      different ways: by mechanical separation of cells and by collagenase digestion of
      extracellular matric. In all studies the binding and degradative characteristics
      of both types of hepatocyte preparations were identical. Furthermore, with one
      exception, the binding characteristics of membranes and cells were also quite
      similar. The only exception concerned the amount of insulin bound by hepatocytes
      as compared to liver membranes. Thus, at concentrations of cells (1.2 times 10(6)
      cells per milliliter) and membranes (150 mug. protein per milliliter) that gave
      equal binding at insulin concentrations less than 100 ng./ml., the amount of
      insulin specifically bound at insulin concentrations greater than 100 ng./ml. was
      greater with use of hepatocytes. Additional studies indicated that, in contrast
      to membranes, at the higher insulin concentration only 75 per cent of the
      previously bound insulin could be recovered from hepatocytes. Thus, a
      nondissociable component exists; which probably represents intracellular
      radioactivity and appears to account for the higher specific insulin binding by
      cells at higher insulin concentrations. When insulin degradation was studied at
      the above hepatocyte and plasma membrane concentrations, cells degraded 30 per
      cent more insulin than did membranes. Kinetic analysis of these data revealed
      that the Km for insulin degradation (5 times 10(-7) M at 37 degrees) was the same
      for both systems wereas the Vmax was greater with use of hepatocytes. IN
      CONCLUSION: (1) Preparation of hepatocytes by collagenase digestion does not
      appear to alter insulin binding or degradation; (2) studies of liver membranes
      and isolated hepatocytes obtained from normal rats should yield similar
      information about insulin-receptor interaction as long as insulin concentrations
      less than 100 ng./ml. are used; (3) at very high insulin concentrations, some of
      the radioactivity appears to enter the cells; (4) the kinetics of insulin
      degradation by hepatocytes and liver membranes are similar; and (5) insulin
      degradation appears to be primarily a membrane phenomenon.

PMID- 169177
TI  - Infantile polyneuropathy with defective myelination: an autopsy study.
AB  - A case is reported of a boy who developed a severe polyneuropathy in early
      infancy and died of respiratory failure at the age of 18 months. Autopsy revealed
      almost total lack of myelin sheaths in the cranial, spinal and peripheral nerves.
      The defect involved the entire peripheral nervous system and was confined to it,
      central myelination being normal. It is suggested that this case is another
      example of the condition described by Lyon (1969) and by Kennedy et al. (1971) in
      which pathological observations were confined to biopsy material. In spite of
      some similarities between these cases and those of hypertrophic neuropathy
      reported by Dejerine and Sottas in 1893, they seem to form a distinct sub-group,
      possibly even a separate entity: infantile polyneuropathy with defective
      myelination.

PMID- 169176
TI  - Studies on growth hormone secretion. VII. Effects of somatostatin on plasma GH,
      insulin, and glucagon in sheep.
AB  - To determine whether synthetic somatostatin originally isolated from sheep
      hypothalamus can inhibit hormone secretion in the same species, we measured
      plasma levels of GH, insulin, glucagon, and glucose of normal sheep under a
      variety of experimental conditions in the presence and absence of somatostatin
      infusion. An oral dose of 2.5 mg./kg. 3,5-dimethypyrazole increase plasma GH from
      10.9 to 376.9 ng. per milliliter, which was suppressed by 50 per cent and 80 per
      cent with 0.5 and 1 mg. synthetic cyclic somatostatin, respectively. Linear
      somatostatin (0.5 mg.) was without effect in two animals tested. Propionate (0.5
      mmole per kilogram) and arginine (10 gm.) induced a rise in plasma insulin and
      GH, and glucagon was effectively blocked by cyclic somatostatin (0.5 mg.).
      Similarly, somatostatin inhibited glucose, and glucagon provoked GH and insulin
      secretory responses without affecting glucose or FFA levels. Somatostatin had no
      effect on the disappearance of injected glucagon. Finally, addition of
      somatostatin to incubation media prevented PGE promoted GH release, and
      suppressed cyclic AMP accumulation, although to a lesser extent, in sheep
      anterior pituitary pieces. In view of the large amounts required to suppress
      stimulated hormone release and the general lack of specificity of somatostatin,
      it is suggested that this peptide may have a functional role only in the release
      of hormones of the pituitary, where it could occur in relatively high local
      concentrations. Its inhibition of extrapituitary hormone secretion may be purely
      a pharmacologic effect that, nevertheless, suggests an interference with a step
      common to the secretory process of hormones.

PMID- 169178
TI  - Involuntary movements.

PMID- 169179
TI  - On the pathogenesis of duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The relative merits of the three presently most active hypotheses (vascular,
      neurogenic, and myogenic) concerning the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy are analysed and discussed and the literature is comprehensively
      reviewed.

PMID- 169180
TI  - Aldolase isoenzymes in liver cirrhosis and primary liver cell cancer.
AB  - The isoenzymatic pattern of aldolase was determined by immunoprecipitation with
      specific anti-aldolase A, B and C sera in 21 pathological liver tissues and in
      the sera of normals (n equals 20), liver cirrhotics (n equals 52) and hepatoma
      patients (n equals 22). The increase of aldolase A in primary liver cell
      carcinoma is not reflected in the sera of these patients, cannot be used for
      diagnostic purposes and is not hepatoma-specific.

PMID- 169182
TI  - The effect of age on mitochondrial enzymes and respiration.
AB  - There was no significant difference between the levels of cytochrome oxidase and
      malate dehydrogenase in whole liver homogenates or in mitochondria isolated from
      the livers of 6-month-old and 30-month-old C57/BL mice. Little change with age
      was found in the cytochemical localisation of either enzyme. There were no
      significant changes in endogenous, state III or state IV respiration of
      mitochondria isolated from the livers of young and old mice.

PMID- 169181
TI  - Transplantation immunity of rats induced by hepatoma cells treated with
      heteroantibody.
AB  - Tumor cells from rat hepatomas, AH-414 and AH-64A induced by azo dye, were
      preincubated in vitro with different dilutions of rabbit anti-hepatoma serum.
      Then 10(6) cells were inoculated intraperitoneally into Donryu rats. After 6
      weeks, rats surviving without tumors showed resistance to further challenge with
      the same tumor cells. The ratio of the number of surviving rats after challenge
      with 10(5) fresh tumor cells to those surviving after inoculation with serum
      treated tumor cells was maximal using dilutions of antiserum of 1:240 with AH-414
      tumor cells and of 1:400 with AH-64A cells. Pooled sera from AH-64A-resistant
      rats, 2 weeks after a 3rd challenge with 10(7) fresh tumor cells (RRS Lot III),
      had a cytotoxic effect on AH-64A cells at dilutions of up to 1:64 while sera
      isolated after the 1st or 2nd challenge (RRS Lot I or II) were weakly cytotoxic.
      The cytotoxicity was complement-dependent and stable on heating at 56 degrees for
      30 min. RRS Lot III was active in the indirect immunofluorescence test. Rabbit
      anti-rat liver serum did not induce resistance to AH-64A in Donryu rats although
      the dilutions used had the same immune adherence or cytotoxic titer as rabbit
      anti-hepatoma serum. Rabbit anti-Donryu rat hepatoma serum failed to induce
      resistance to cells of a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma, AMC 60, of ACI/N
      rats. The correlation between the immune adherence and cytotoxic titers of the
      rabbit antiserum and its effectiveness in sensitizing the animals against tumor
      cells is discussed.

PMID- 169183
TI  - Nonlanguage disorders of speech reflect complex neurologic apparatus.
AB  - The mute or nearly mute patient who is alert and has good understanding of speech
      and a right hemiparesis could have Broca's aphasia, akinesia of speech
      (transcortical motor aphasia), or aphemia. The patient who has Broca's aphasia
      does not write well, and his speech does not improve greatly with repetition. The
      speech of a patient with akinesia of speech improves with repetition. The aphemic
      patient writes normally, but his speech does not improve with repetition. The
      mute patient whose eyes are open but who is poorly responsive and moves little or
      not at all could be an akinetic mute (with either a cingulate or a
      thalamomesencephalic lesion) or have a locked-in syndrome. The latter is
      diagnosed by asking the patient to look up and down or to open and close his
      eyes. If he obeys these commands, the physician questions him using a code of eye
      movement responses. If the patient fails to respond at all, he is an akinetic
      mute; intense stimulation may result in speech or movement. If the patient is
      drowsy and has third nerve involvement, the lesion is in the thalamomesencephalic
      reticular formation. If the patient appears alert and has episodes of agitation,
      he probably has bilateral lesions in the gyri cinguli. Patients with weakness of
      the bulbar musculature (facial, palatal, and tongue weakness and dysphonia) may
      have either upper motor neuron or lower motor neuron lesions. Only bilateral
      upper motor neuron lesions produce permanent dysarthria. As a typical example, a
      patient has a transient left hemiparesis with dysarthria and almost completely
      recovers. Later, however, a right hemiparesis develops and the patient
      experiences severe bilateral facial weakness, drooling, dysphagia, and severe
      dysarthria. The absence of atrophy of the bulbar musculature, a hyperactive jaw
      jerk and gag reflex and, sometimes, inappropriate laughing or crying episodes
      indicate that the lesion is located above the medulla in the corticobulbar
      tracts. Flaccid paralysis, absence of the jaw jerk or gag reflex, and absence of
      other upper motor neuron signs, such as upgoing toes, indicate a lower motor
      neuron or neuromuscular junction problem. Appropriate tests to rule out
      myasthenia gravis should be done. The other conditions discussed here are often
      obvious from their clinical presentation. Although the specific disorder of
      speech sometimes is helpful in localizing the cause, in most patients, the
      associated deficits on neurologic examination are of greatest value.

PMID- 169184
TI  - [Advantages of the method of an external standard in X-ray phasic determination
      of quartz in dust].

PMID- 169185
TI  - [Sanitary-chemical study of sample nitron fabric].

PMID- 169186
TI  - [Marked inhibition of fibrinolysis in puerperium in a woman with primary
      hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa].

PMID- 169187
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of the colon with metastasis in a 15-year-old boy].

PMID- 169188
TI  - [Peripheral neuropathy due to furazolidone].

PMID- 169190
TI  - Differential effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, nitrazepam and amobarbital on
      REM sleep and REM density in man.
AB  - The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ), imipramine (IMP), nitrazepam (NZP) and
      amobarbital sodium (AMOB) on the REM period of sleep (REMP) was investigated on
      four subjects by means of all-night sleep polygraphy with the schedule PPPDDDPP
      where P is placebo and D active drug.  CPZ 25 mg resulted in a slight increase in
      %REMP, and no significant change in REM density (1 second fraction method) and
      total REM activity during the drug and withdrawal nights.  IMP 25 mg produced
      moderate decrease in %REMP in the three drug nights, whereas REM density
      decreased only in the first drug night.  NZP 5 mg resulted in a slight parallel
      suppression of %REMP, REM density and total REM activity during the drug nights. 
      AMOB 200 mg produced a slight decrease in %REMP and marked decrease in REM
      density during the drug nights.  Rebound increase of %REMP and a tendency of
      carry over decrease of REM density were observed in the withdrawal nights. 
      Decrease in the REM density was more marked in AMOB than in NZP drug night.  The
      importance of the simultaneous analysis of %REMP and REM density for the study of
      effects of psychotrophic drugs on sleep was emphasized.

PMID- 169189
TI  - [Effect of [ethyl p-(6-guanidinohexanoyloxy)benzoate] methanesulfonate (FOY) on
      kinin formation and fibrinolysis activity].
AB  - Inibitory effects of [Ethyl p-(6-guanidinohexanoyloxy)benzoate] methanesulfonate
      (FOY) on kinin formation (in vitro and in vivo) and the fibrinolytic activity (in
      vivo) were examined and compared with otherinhibitors. Inhibitory effect on kinin
      forming activity (in vitro) of various enzymes was measured in the guinea pig
      ileum. FOY and Trasylol inhibited the kinin forming activities of trypsin,
      pancreas kallikrein and plasma kallikrein. Soybean trypsin inhibitor inhibited
      kinin like substance was formed in the perfusate when the rat's paw was heated at
      46 degrees C. FOY and T-asylol added to the perfusion fluid produced a potent
      inhibition of the formation of bradykinin-like substance. When administered i.v.,
      FOY and Trasylol did not inhibit the formation of bradykinin-like substance. In
      the dog, activation of plasmin in the circulatory blood and increase of
      hemorrhagic tendency were caused by the i.v. administration of human serum plus
      streptokinase. Such responses were inhibited with a previous i.v. infusion of FOY
      and t-AMCHA. From the above findings, it may be concluded that FOY has inhibitory
      effects on kinin formation and fibrinolytic activity.

PMID- 169191
TI  - Experimental modification of photocarcinogenesis. I. Fluorescent whitening agents
      and short-wave UVR.

PMID- 169192
TI  - Experimental modification of photocarcinogenesis. III. Simulation of exposure to
      sunlight and fluorescent whitening agents.

PMID- 169193
TI  - [The angiographic findings in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver(author's
      transl)].
AB  - Four cases of FNH are described; the angiographic appearances are detailed and
      problems in differential diagnosis are discussed.  FNH presents as a
      hypervascular benign space-occupying process in the liver, with a typical
      vascular structure and intensive prolonged and sharply demarcated parenchymal
      staining.  It can be distinguished from malignant lesions in the liver by the
      absence of tumour vessels, infiltration and occlusion of vessels.

PMID- 169194
TI  - [The clinical features and diagnosis of glomus tumours (author's transl)].
AB  - The symptoms of chemodectomas are described briefly and the literature reviewed.
      Two cases are presented; of these, one was a typical glomus jugulare tumour, the
      other an unusual metastasising glomus tumour. The role of radiological diagnosis
      is discussed and the value of angiography is stressed. Some suggestions regarding
      treatment are also made.

PMID- 169195
TI  - [Out-patient treatment and prognosis schizophrenic patients after first
      hospitalization (author's transl)].
AB  - 99 schizophrenic patients from the General Mental Hospital in Gottingen who had
      received hospital treatment for the first time, where, after their discharge from
      hospital, studied for a period of 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 years. Information was collected
      with regard to the further progress of the disease on the one hand, and the
      response to drugs used in treatment on the other. Less than half the patients who
      had suffered from the disease from several years without receiving any out
      patient treatment could not be helped or cured by the following hospital
      treatment. Over half of them had to be readmitted to hospital at last once
      (mostly within one year). A persisting or newly developing illness could be
      ascertained by catamnestic means in about 2/3 of the patients. The post-hospital
      treatment was left predominantly to the GP. Psycho-social help was generally
      lacking. Drugs were used regulary as far as could be ascertained in only 1/5 of
      the patients. In most cases the after-care was stopped after several months. This
      data shows that the treatment before, during and after hospitalization was in
      many cases inadequate. For different reasons the therapeutical possibilities hat
      not been used to their full extent. Due to the strict separation between the out
      patient and hospital therapy the schizophrenic patients received treatment too
      late, for too short a time, and not suited usually to their individual needs.

PMID- 169196
TI  - The immunopathology of intestinal granulomatus disease.

PMID- 169197
TI  - Effects of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and guanosine 3':5'-cyclic
      monophosphate on 3H-uridine incorporation into glomerulosal cells of
      hypophysectomized rat adrenal cortex.
AB  - The effects of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP on the incorporation of 3H-uridine into
      glomerulosal cells of hypophysectomized rats were investigated by high resolution
      autoradiography. The quantitative analysis of autoradiographs shows that cyclic
      nucleotides, like ACTH, enhance the tracer incorporation into both nuclear and
      mitochondrial compartments. These findings are discussed in relation to previous
      results indicating that both cyclic nucleotides function as intracellular
      mediators of the trophic action of ACTH on the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa. The
      hypothesis that the mechanism of the glomerulotrophic action of ACTH and cyclic
      nucleotides involves the stimulation of nuclear and mitochondrial RNA synthesis
      is discussed.

PMID- 169198
TI  - The differential effect of cholera toxin on the lymphocyte stimulation induced by
      various mitogens.
AB  - BALB/c spleen cells (5 x 10(6)) were cultured in 1 ml of serum-free RPMI 1640
      medium for 3 days in order to examine the effect of cholera enterotoxin (CN) and
      its spontaneously formed toxoid (CD) on lymphocyte stimulation. Stimulation was
      assessed after addition of [3H] thymidine for the last 16 hours of culture. One
      microgram of CN per culture markedly reduced the baseline of [3H] thymidine
      incorporation and the stimulation due to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin
      A (con A) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One microgram of CD diminished
      the base-line to half, abolished the response to PHA, reduced the response to con
      A and had very little effect on the LPS-induced stimulation. One-tenth the amount
      (0-1 mug) of both CN and CD affected only the PHA reaction. A secondary response
      to haemocyanin in vitro was not decreased by this lower dose. The effect of 1 mug
      on CN on the LPS response could be reduced by pretreatment of the cells with CD,
      whereas the PHA reaction remained markedly diminished. Dibutyryl-cAMP added to
      culture tubes had a similar effect ot 1 mug of CN, affecting the PHA response
      much more than the response to LPS. Spleen cells of mice immunized with CD gave a
      significant proliferative response to both 1 mug of CD and CN. The results are
      interpreted as indicating a strong inhibitory effect of CN mediated by
      accumulation of intracellular cAMP. CD-immunized cells contain specific receptors
      for both CD and CN which probably compete with the sites responsible for
      adenylate cyclase stimulation by CN.

PMID- 169199
TI  - Herpes simplex uveitis in zoster ophthalmicus.

PMID- 169200
TI  - Studies on the action of hormones on the intestinal transport of L-histidine.
AB  - Intestinal absorption of L-histidine as affected by insulin, diabetes,
      hydrocortisone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and thyroxine has been
      studied. Intestinal absorption of L-histidine is not significantly increased
      following insulin administration. Similarly, addition of insulin in vitro did not
      change the transport activity significantly. When rats are made diabetic on
      administration of alloxan monohydrate, the transport activity is increased.
      Hydrocortisone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and thyroxine treatment increased
      the absorption of L-histidine by small intestine. However, addition in vitro of
      ACTH and hydrocortisone did not change the absorption of L-histidines by small
      intestine. It appears that the facilitative action of these hormones is not due
      to their direct action of the membrane.

PMID- 169202
TI  - Rabbit corneal damage produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
AB  - Gross, light microscopic, and electron microscopic examination of the rabbit
      corneal destruction produced by experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
      revealed a combination of acute inflammation and liquefaction necrosis of the
      cornea. Degeneration of the epithelial cells and the start of polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte infiltration of the cornea occurred initially. These changes were
      followed by loss of the epithelium, degeneration and loss of the keratocytes and
      endothelium, loss of the characteristic weblike pattern of the proteoglycan
      ground substance, dispersal of ultrastructurally normal collagen fibrils,
      extensive accumulation followed by degeneration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes,
      and accumulation of plasma proteins and fibrin in the necrotic cornea.
      Histochemical examination of the cornea suggested a loss of the proteoglycan
      ground substance but not of collagen. Rabbit corneas injected with Clostridium
      histolyticum collagenase showed gross and cellular changes similar to those
      observed during the pseudomonal infections; however, histochemical examination
      suggested a loss of collagen, and electron microscopy revealed ultrastructurally
      abnormal collagen fibrils. The results support the idea (i) that a bacterial or
      host-derived collagenase is not required for extensive corneal damage during a P.
      aeruginosa corneal infection, and (ii) that a P. aeruginosa corneal infection may
      severly damage the cornea by producing extensive corneal edema and by causing the
      loss of the corneal proteoglycan ground substance, thus resulting in dispersal of
      undamaged collagen fibrils, weakening of the cornea, and subsequent descemetocele
      formation and corneal perforation by the anterior chamber pressure.

PMID- 169203
TI  - Hormonal regulation of drug metabolism during pregnancy.
AB  - During pregnancy, a significant change has been found in the pattern of liver
      response to drugs. The activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes was inhibited due to
      the presence of increased amounts of reduced progesterone metabolites produced by
      the pregnant animal. Treatment of non-pregnant rats with 5alpha-pregnan-3beta-ol
      20-one or 5alpha-pregnan-3beta,20beta-diol also caused a decreased drug
      hydroxylation. On the other hand, the administration of 16alpha
      hydroxyprogesterone resulted in an increased activity. The contrasting effects of
      the different steroids on the function of the endoplasmic reticulum have shown
      correlation with changes in microsomal phospholipid synthesis. Reduced
      progesterone derivatives brought about a decrease, whereas hydroxyprogesterone an
      enhancement. The opposite actions provided evidence to postulate that during
      pregnancy the formation of endoplasmic reticulum and associated induction
      processes of drug metabolism might be regulated by a balance displayed in the
      production of various progesterone metabolites.

PMID- 169201
TI  - Sensitive assay for detection of toxin-induced damage to the cytoplasmic membrane
      of human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - A sensitive assay was developed for detection and quantitation of subtle
      permeability changes in the cytoplasmic membrane of human diploid fibroblasts.
      Release of the non-metabolizable amino acid [1-14C]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid
      (AIB; molecular weight (103) from the cytoplasm of prelabeled cells was used as
      an indicator of toxin-induced membrane damage. An optimal procedure for labeling
      these cells was designed after varying the conditions with regard to pH,
      temperature, concentration of AIB, composition of medium, and incubation time.
      Toxin-induced release of AIB was compared with release of a previously described
      nucleotide label, [3H]uridine. Melittin from bee venom and the polyene
      antibiotics filipin and amphotericin B in low concentrations induced a strikingly
      greater release of AIB than of nucleotide label. The sensitivity of this assay
      was furthermore demonstrated by treatment with the following bacterial
      cytolysins: phospholipase C and theta-toxin from Clostridium perfringens, alpha-,
      beta-, delta-, and gamma-toxins from Staphylococcus aureus, and streptolysin S
      from Streptococcus pyogenes. In spite of their different modes of action, all
      these membrane-active toxins at low concentrations induced a significant release
      of AIB label. For an equal release of nucleotide label, several times higher
      concentrations were required.

PMID- 169204
TI  - The sweat gland adenomas.

PMID- 169205
TI  - The lungs: what they do, what the job does to them.

PMID- 169206
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate analogue increases the outflow facility of the
      primate eye.
AB  - Our previous studies showed that cyclic-AMP increases the outflow facility of the
      eye of the rabbit. In this investigation, an analogue of cyclic-AMP, the 8
      methylthio derivative, perfused into the anterior chamber of the eye of the
      vervet monkey, increased outflow facility twofold. This observation supports the
      hypothesis that cyclic-AMP mediates the action of adrenergic agents to reduce
      intraocular pressure in the primate eye.

PMID- 169207
TI  - The free cortisol index.

PMID- 169208
TI  - Tracheobronchial resection and reconstruction.  A report of five cases.
AB  - During the past six years, five patients have undergone tracheal or
      tracheobronchial reconstruction in our Department.  In three patients, a
      segmental tracheal resection was performed because of post-tracheostomy stricture
      or cylindroma of the trachea.  Two patients were treated for a carcinoid type of
      bronchial adenoma--one by sleeve resection of an intermediate bronchus and one by
      pneumonectomy with partial resection and reconstruction of part of the trachea. 
      The exact location, length and nature of the lesions were demonstrated by
      endoscopy, tomography and tracheobronchography.  The surgical and anesthetic
      problems associated with tracheobronchial reconstruction are discussed.

PMID- 169209
TI  - Regulation, by insulin, of lipoprotein lipase and phosphodiesterase activities in
      rat adipose tissue.

PMID- 169210
TI  - Symposium III: Hormones and hormone receptors. A morphological approach to
      surface receptors in islet and liver cells.

PMID- 169211
TI  - Insulin receptors in fat cells: relationship between binding and activation.

PMID- 169213
TI  - Recent studies on insulin-receptor interactions.

PMID- 169212
TI  - Nonsuppressible insulin-like activity: biological activity and receptor binding.

PMID- 169214
TI  - Interactions of glucagon, gut glucagon, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and
      secretin with their membrane receptors.

PMID- 169215
TI  - Somatomedins.

PMID- 169216
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 169217
TI  - Defective insulin secretion in the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Possible value
      in the study of the pathophysiology of diabetes.

PMID- 169219
TI  - Transmission of photons through common shielding media.

PMID- 169218
TI  - Pancreatic endocrine tumors--the riddle or their origin and hormone secretion.

PMID- 169221
TI  - Confirming by electron microscopy a prenatally diagnosed storage disorder: a note
      of caution.

PMID- 169220
TI  - Estrogen treatment of excessively tall girls.
AB  - 40 excessively tall girls with a mean height prediction of 182 cm were treated
      for serious psychosocial reasons continuously with ethinylestradiol 0.3 mg daily
      and with norethisterone 10 mg daily for 5-7 days every 4th week. Their age at the
      start of treatment ranged from 9.4 to 13.8 years, and the mean duration of
      treatment was 1.7 years. Bone age was assessed according to the TANNER-WHITEHOUSE
      II (RUS) method, and height predictions were calculated using the age-specific
      regression equations of TANNER et al. Results were compared with those in 9
      untreated control cases. Mean reduction of predicted height in all patients was
      4.6 +/- 2.4 cm, and the most marked reduction was found in the youngest group of
      patients. However, even in patients after menarche and with a bone age above 14
      years at start of treatment, there was still a considerable reduction of adult
      height. Bone maturation was accelerated by treatment (1.4 years per year), and
      the most marked acceleration was observed during the first 6 months (1.7 years
      per year). Growth velocity was normal or slightly subnormal during the first 6
      months and very low thereafter. During treatment, there was a considerable weight
      gain which was, in part, lost again when treatment was discontinued.
      Posttherapeutic amenorrhea was infrequent, and normal and regular menstruations
      reappeared in the majority of the patients about 1 month after discontinuation.
      It is concluded that estrogen treatment in high doses is effective in reducing
      adult stature in girls and that somatic and psychological side effects are
      minimal when treatment is started after onset of spontaneous puberty. Although
      early treatment tends to give better results, beneficial results may still be
      obtained in older patients.

PMID- 169222
TI  - Letter: Herpes simplex virus 2, (HSV2) as the carcinogen in cancer of the cerivx.

PMID- 169223
TI  - Effect of antibacterial agents on the motility of stallion spermatozoa at various
      storage times, temperatures and dilution ratios.

PMID- 169224
TI  - Isolation and characterization of Clostridium perfringens mutants altered in both
      hemagglutinin and sialidase production.
AB  - The relationship between the production of hemagglutinin and sialidase activities
      by Clostridium perfringens was investigated by screening for mutants producing
      reduced levels of hemagglutinin activity. Twelve mutants were isolated; all
      produced reduced levels of sialidase activity and several had other altered
      phenotypic markers. Revertants that regained the ability to produce active
      hemagglutinin were isolated. All of these revertants produced increased sialidase
      activity. These results show that the production of hemagglutinin activity is
      directly related to the production of sialidase activity. Evidence is also
      presented that the processes of sporulation and the production of extracellular
      proteins are interrelated.

PMID- 169225
TI  - Pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway of Baccillus subtilis.
AB  - Biochemical and genetic data were obtained from a series of 51 Pyr- strains of
      Bacillus subtilis. The observed enzymatic deficiencies allowed the mutants to be
      placed into 12 clases, some of which represent defects in more than one of the
      six known pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes. Mapping analysis by transformation has
      shown that all the Pyr- mutations are located in a single small area of the B.
      subtilis genome. A correlation of the biochemical defects and the genetic data
      has been made. Those mutations conferring similar enzymatic deficiencies were
      found to be contiguous on the B. subtilis map. Regulatory aspects of the
      pyrimidine pathway have also been investigated and are compared to previously
      reported results from other organisms. Evidence is presented which bears upon the
      possible physical association of the first three enzymes and the association of
      at least some of the enzymes of this pathway with particulate elements of the
      cell. A model for the organization of the enzymes is presented with
      dihydroorotate dehydrogenase as the central enzyme in a proposed aggregate.

PMID- 169226
TI  - Effects of varying the carbon source limiting growth on yield and maintenance
      characteristics of Escherichia coli in continuous culture.
AB  - The magnitudes of Yo (grams [dry weight] formed per gram of atom O) and mo, the
      maintenance respiration (milligram-atoms of O per gram [dry weight] per hour), of
      Escherichia coli B have been determined by growing the organism in aerobic
      continuous culture limited by a number of different substrates. The value found
      were as follows: glucose--tyo = 12.5, mo = 0.9; glucose plus 2.7 mM cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)--Yo = 31.2, mo = 9.3; galactose--Yo = 13.2,
      mo = 1.8; mannitol--Yo = 20.1, mo = 6.1; L-glutamate--Yo = 25.5, mo = 17.7;
      glycerol--Yo = 14.9, mo = 10.0; succinate--Yo = 11.2, mo = 12.1; and acetate--Yo
      = 14.7, mo = 25.4. During growth in anaerobic continuous culture with limiting
      glucose YATP was found to be 10.3 g (dry weight)/mol of adenosine 5'-triphosphate
      (ATP) and m ATP was 18.9 mmol of ATP/g (dry weight) per h. The aerobic growth
      yields of cells growing on glucose, glucose plus cAMP, mannitol, and glutamate
      were consistent with the hypothesis that carbohydrates partially repress
      oxidative phosphorylation, but the yields of cells growing on glycerol,
      succinate, acetate, and galactose were all lower than expected. We conclude that,
      like the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, both the maintenance
      respiration and the amount of ATP necessary to serve maintenance processes are
      determined by the identity of the growth substrates. Yields smaller than expected
      may be explained by the absence of respiratory control exerted by phosphate
      acceptors.

PMID- 169227
TI  - Two modes of excision repair in toluene-treated Escherichia coli.
AB  - In toluene-treated Escherichia coli incision breaks accumulate during post
      irradiation incubation in the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). It is
      shown that incised deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is converted to high-molecular
      weight DNA during reincubation in the presence of the four deoxyribonucleoside
      triphosphates (dNTP's) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This
      restitution process is ATP independent and N-ethylmaleimide insensitive and takes
      place only in polA+ strains. It is defective in strains carrying a mutation in
      the 5' leads to 3' exonucleolytic activity associated with DNA polymerase I.
      Repair of accumulated incision breaks differs from repair in which all the steps
      of the excision repair process occur simultaneously or in rapid succession. The
      latter is observed if toluene-treated E. coli are incubated immediately after
      irradiation in the presence of the four dNTP's, NAD, and ATP. It is shown that
      under these conditions dimer excision occurs to a larger extent than during
      repair of accumulated incision breaks and that, except in strains defective in
      polynucleotide ligase, incision breaks do not accumulate. This consecutive mode
      of repair is detectable in polA+ strains and at low doses also in polA mutants.

PMID- 169228
TI  - Transient repression of catabolite-sensitive enzyme synthesis elicited by 2,4
      dinitrophenol.
AB  - Transient inhibition of catabolic enzyme synthesis in Escherichia coli occurred
      when a low concentration of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was simultaneously added with
      inducer. Using mutant strains defective for gamma-gene product or constitutive
      for lac enzymes, it was found that the inhibition is not due to the exclusion of
      inducer by uncoupling. The addition of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      overcame repression. The components of the lac operon coordinately responded to
      DNP inhibition. From deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid hybridization
      experiments, it was found that the inhibition of beta-galactosidase induction
      occurred at the level of messenger ribonucleic acid synthesis specific for the
      lac operon. It seems probable that DNP represses induction in a similar manner to
      that of transient repression observed upon the addition of glucose. Furthermore,
      it was found that transient repression disappeared if cells were preincubated
      with DNP before induction. This indicates that new contact of cells with DNP is
      obligatory for transient repression. From these results, it is suggested that the
      cell membrane may be responsible for regulation of catabolite-sensitive enzyme
      synthesis.

PMID- 169229
TI  - pyrR identical to pyrH in Salmonella typhimurium: control of expression of the
      pyr genes.
AB  - Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium showing constitutive synthesis of the
      pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes coded for by the pyrA-F genes (G. A. O'Donavan
      and J. C. Gerhart, 1972) have been reinvestigated. The high rate of expression of
      the pyrB-F genes in these mutants as well as their pyrimidine excretion is shown
      to be due to mutations in the gene pyrH encoding uridine 5'-monophosphate kinase.
      Thus, the term pyrR used for these mutants should be replaced by the designation
      pyrH.

PMID- 169232
TI  - A kinetic study of the alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes from pig heart
      mitochondria.
AB  - The kinetic mechanisms of the 2-oxoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenease
      complexes from pig heart mitochondria were studied at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees. A
      three-site ping-pong mechanism for the actin of both complexes was proposed on
      the basis of the parallel lines obtained when 1/v was plotted against 2
      oxoglutarate or pyruvate concentration for various levels of CoA and a level of
      NAD+ near its Michaelis constant value. Rate equations were derived from the
      proposed mechanism. Michaelis constants for the reactants of the 2-oxoglutarate
      dehydrogenase complex reaction are: 2-oxoglutarate, 0.220 mM; CoA, 0.025 mM;
      NAD+, 0.050 mM. Those of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are: pyruvate, 0.015
      mM; CoA, 0.021 mM; NAD+, 0.079 mM. Product inhibition studies showed that
      succinyl-CoA or acetyl-CoA was competitive with respect to CoA, and NADH was
      competitive with respect to NAD+ in both overall reactions, and that succinyl-CoA
      or acetyl-CoA and NADH were uncompetitive with respect to 2-oxoglutarate or
      pyruvate, respectively. However, noncompetitive (rather than uncompetitive)
      inhibition patterns were observed for succinyl-CoA or acetyl-CoA versus NAD+ and
      for NADH versus CoA. These results are consistent with the proposed mechanisms.

PMID- 169230
TI  - Tryptophan biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium: location in trpB of a genetic
      difference between strains LT2 and LT7.
AB  - Salmonella typhimurium prototrophs carrying a trpR mutation synthesize tryptophan
      biosynthetic enzymes constitutively. When feedback inhibition of anthranilate
      synthetase but not 5'-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase
      activity was by-passed by growing cells on media supplemented with anthranilic
      acid, all trpR prototrophs overproduced and excreted tryptophan. However, the
      rate of tryptophan production depended on both the ancestry of the trpR strain
      and the integrity of its trpA gene. Prototrophs with trp genes derived from S.
      typhimurium strain LT2 produced tryptophan more efficiently than those with trp
      genes derived from strain LT7. This strain difference was cryptic insofar as it
      did not affect the growth rate; it was revealed only as a rate-limiting step in
      the constitutive biosynthesis of tryptophan in the presence of anthranilic acid,
      and was due to a lesion in the LT7-derived trpB gene. Strains with LT7-derived
      trp genes bearing a deletion in trpA produced tryptophan as readily as LT2 trpR
      prototrophs. This indicated that LT7-specific 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
      phosphoribosyltransferase must be aggregated with the trpA gene produce to give
      an observable reduction of constitutive tryptophan production. The discovery of
      this strain difference has particular implications for studies involving the
      activities of trpA and B genes and their products in S. typhimurium and may have
      general significance for other studies involving different strains of Salmonella.

PMID- 169233
TI  - Photoreduction of cytochrome c1.
AB  - 1. Ferricytochrome c1 solution was reduced completely between pH 7 and 10 by
      illumination under anaerobic conditions. Photoreduction was not affected by the
      ionic strength of the medium. However, it did not take place at pH lower than 6
      or higher than 10, or in the presence of p-hydroxymercuric benzoate. The
      ferricyanide-reoxidized photoreduced c1 was not further reduced upon
      illumination. The reductant was most probably a specific sulfhydryl group in the
      subunit containing the heme of the cytochrome since this subunit contained one
      less p-HMB-titratable group in the photoreduced sample than in the untreated
      preparation. 2. The photoreduced cytochrome c1 showed the same spectra as the
      native cytochrome, and was not reactive with carbon monoxide. The equilibrium
      constant of the reaction c12+ + c3+ equilibrium c13+ + c2+ for the photoreduced
      c1 was found to be slightly lower (Keq = 2.6) than that for the native c1 (Keq =
      3.5). The antimycin A-sensitive electron acceptor activity of ferricyanide
      reoxidized photoreduced c13+ catalyzed by succinate-cytochrome c reductase was
      about 80% of that of the native c1. 3. A somewhat simplified method for isolation
      of cytochrome c1 was developed. Anaerobic ammonium sulfate fractionation and
      calcium phosphate gel chromatography were still used in order to achieve the
      purity level of about 25 nmol of heme/mg of protein. The cytochrome c1 prepared
      by this procedure showed the same properties tested as that by the beta
      mercaptoethanol method (Yu, C.A., Yu, L., and King, T.E. (1972) J. Biol. Chem.
      247, 1012-1019).

PMID- 169234
TI  - Amino acid sequence homology of mammalian type C RNA virus major internal
      proteins.
AB  - The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the major group-specific antigen, the
      major internal virion protein (p30; approximate molecular weight 30,000) of
      several mammalian type C RNA viruses was determined by the Edman degradation
      procedure using an automated protein sequenator. All of the proteins analyzed
      show a high degree of over-all sequence homology and also contain specific
      regions or single residues. All p30s begin with the sequence prolyl-leucylarginyl
      (Pro-Leu-Arg) and have an invariant, conserved region from residues 11 to 24. In
      this region only a single amino acid difference appears between the cat and mouse
      p30s. At position 17 alanine is found in the cat, and serine in all the mouse
      proteins. This homologous region starts at position 10 for RD-114 and baboon
      virus p30s, and at position 18 in the protein of the virus isolated from gibbon
      ape. The region extending from residue 4 to 10 shows considerable variability
      between p30s isolated from different mammalian species. Out of 24 residues
      compared, only a single amino acid difference was found between six different
      mouse p30s. At position 4, three have leucine, two have alanine, and one has
      serine. The comparative sequence data demonstrate that the viral p30s are
      products of related genes in the viruses from various mammalian species.

PMID- 169231
TI  - Kinetics of the onset of catabolite repression in Escherichia coli as determined
      by lac messenger ribonucleic acid initiations and intracellular cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate levels.
AB  - The rates of synthesis of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and the intracellular
      levels of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) soon after the addition of
      glucose or glycerol to exponentially growing cultures of Escherichia coli have
      been determined. Within 10 s of its addition, glucose, but not glycerol, lowered
      the apparent initiation frequency of lac messenger ribonucleic acid. The glucose
      generated reduction in initiations is identified as catabolite repression by its
      reversibility with cAMP. The intracellular cAMP levels respond virtually
      identically to glucose and glycerol additions. Thus, no correlation was observed
      between the rate of messenger ribonucleic acid initiation and the level of cAMP.

PMID- 169235
TI  - The purine nucleotide cycle. Control of phosphofructokinase and glycolytic
      oscillations in muscle extracts.
AB  - Linked oscillations of the glycolytic pathway and the purine nucleotide cycle
      were studied in particle-free extracts of rat skeletal muscle. Under the
      conditions used, an accumulation of about 1 muM fructose diphosphate can trigger
      a sudden increase in phosphofructokinase activity. The activation by fructose
      diphosphate depends on the presence of AMP. When the AMP concentration drops,
      phosphofructokinase becomes inhibited, even though the fructose disphosphate
      concentration remains high. It is concluded that the oscillatory behavior can be
      of advantage for maintaining a high average [ATP]/[ADP] ratio.

PMID- 169236
TI  - Purification and properties of the light-activated cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase of rod outer segments.
AB  - Frog (Rana catesbiana) rod outer segment disc membranes contain a cyclic
      nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) which is activated by light in the
      presence of ATP. This enzyme is firmly bound to the disc membrane, but can be
      eluted from the membrane with 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.4 and 2 mM EDTA. The
      eluted phosphodiesterase has reduced activity, but can be activated approximately
      10-fold by polycations such as protamine and polylysine. The eluted
      phosphodiesterase can no longer be activated by light in the presence of ATP,
      that is, activation by light apparently depends on the native orientation of
      phosphodiesterase in relationship to other disc membrane components. The eluted
      phosphodiesterase was purified to homogeneity as judged by analytical
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing.
      The over-all purification from intact retina was approximately 925-fold. The
      purification of phosphodiesterase from the isolated rod outer segment preparation
      was about 185-fold with a 28% yield. Phosphodiesterase accounts for approximately
      0.5% of the disc membrane protein. The eluted phosphodiesterase (inactive form)
      has a sedimentation coefficient of 12.4 S corresponding to an approximate
      molecular weight of 240,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis separates the purified phosphodiesterase into two subunits of
      120,000 and 110,000 daltons. With cyclic 3':5'-GMP (cGMP) as substrate the Km for
      the purified phosphodiesterase is 70 muM. Protamine increases the Vmax without
      changing the Km for cGMP. The isoelectric point (pI) of the native dimer is 5.7.
      Limited exposure of the eluted phosphodiesterase (inactive form) to trypsin
      produces a somewhat greater activation than is obtained with 0.5 mg/ml of
      protamine. The trypsin-activated phosphodiesterase has a sedimentation
      coefficient of 7.8 S corresponding to an approximate molecular weight of 170,000.
      The 110,000-dalton subunit is much less sensitive to trypsin hydrolysis and the
      120,000-dalton subunit is rapidly replaced by smaller fragments. On the basis of
      the molecular weight of the purified phosphodiesterase (240,000) and the
      concentrations of phosphodiesterase and rhodopsin in the rod outer segment, it is
      estimated that the molar ratio ophosphodiesterase to rhodopsin in the rod outer
      segment is approximately 1:900. Since all of the disc phosphodiesterase molecules
      are activated when 0.1% of the rhodopsins are bleached, we conclude that in the
      presence of ATP 1 molecule of bleached rhodopsin can activate 1 molecule of
      phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 169237
TI  - Hormonal control of cyclic 3':5'-AMP levels and gluconeogenesis in isolated
      hepatocytes from fed rats.
AB  - Glucagon can stimulate gluconeogenesis from 2 mM lactate nearly 4-fold in
      isolated liver cells from fed rats; exogenous cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is equally effective, but epinephrine can stimulate
      only 1.5-fold. Half-maximal effects are obtained with glucagon at 0.3 nM, cyclic
      AMP at 30 muM and epinephrine at 0.2 muM. Insulin reduces by 50% the stimulation
      by suboptimal concentrations of glucagon (0.5 nM). A half-maximal effect is
      obtained with 0.3 nM insulin (45 microunits/ml). Glucagon in the presence of
      theophylline (1 mM) causes a rapid rise and subsequent fall in intracellular
      cyclic AMP with a peak between 3 and 6 min. Some of the fall can be accounted for
      by loss of nucleotide into the medium. This efflux is suppressed by probenecid,
      suggesting the presence of a membrane transport mechanism for the cyclic
      nucleotide. Glucagon can raise intracellular cyclic AMP about 30-fold; a half
      maximal effect is obtained with 1.5 nM hormone. Epinephrine (plus theophylline, 1
      mM) can raise intracellular cyclic AMP about 2-fold; the peak elevation is
      reached in less than 1 min and declines during the next 15 min to near the basal
      level. Insulin (10 nM) does not lower the basal level of cyclic AMP within the
      hepatocyte, but suppresses by about 50% the rise in intracellular and total
      cyclic AMP caused by exposure to an intermediate concentration of glucagon. No
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase by insulin can be shown. Basal gluconeogenesis is
      not significantly depressed by calcium deficiency but stimulation by glucagon is
      reduced by 50%. Calcium deficiency does not reduce accumulation of cyclic AMP in
      response to glucagon but diminishes stimulation of gluconeogenesis by exogenous
      cyclic AMP. Glucagon has a rapid stimulatory effect on the flux of 45Ca2+ from
      medium to tissue.

PMID- 169238
TI  - Effect of denaturation on the susceptibility of proteins to enzymic
      phosphorylation.
AB  - Heat-denatured chicken egg white lysozyme and the reduced carboxymethylated
      maleylated derivative of this protein were found to serve as substrates for
      rabbit skeletal muscle cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The native form of
      the protein was not a substrate. Two phosphoryl groups per mole of lysozyme were
      incorporated in the reaction. It was determined that the phosphoryl moieties were
      bound to serine 24 and serine 50 in the modified protein. Serine 24 was
      phosphorylated approximately 3 times as fast as serine 50. Reduced
      carboxymethylated maleylated derivatives of bovine serum albumin, phosphorylase
      b, and creatine kinase also served as substrates for the protein kinase whereas
      their native forms did not. The reduced carboxymethylated maleylated derivative
      of the inhibitory subunit of troponin was a poorer substrate than the native form
      of the protein. Maleylated histones F1 and F2b were also poorer substrates than
      the nonderivatized forms. The significance of these experiments with reference to
      the specificity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase is discussed.

PMID- 169239
TI  - Studies of individual carbon sites of proteins in solution by natural abundance
      carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Relaxation behavior.
AB  - The aromatic regions in proton-decoupled natural abundance 13C Fourier transform
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (at 14.2 kG) of small native proteins contain
      broad methine carbon bands and narrow nonprotonated carbon resonances. Some
      factors that affect the use of natural abundance 13C Fourier transform NMR
      spectroscopy for monitoring individual nonprotonated aromatic carbon sites of
      native proteins in solution are discussed. The effect of protein size is
      evaluated by comparing the 13C NMR spectra of horse heart ferrocytochrome c, hen
      egg white lysozyme, horse carbon monoxide myoglobin, and human adult carbon
      monoxide hemoglobin. Numerous single carbon resonances are observed in the
      aromatic regions of 13C NMR spectra of cytochrome c, lysozyme, and myoglobin. The
      much larger hemoglobin yields few resolved individual carbon resonances.
      Theoretical and some experimental values are presented for the natural linewidths
      (W), spin-lattice relaxation times (T1), and nuclear Overhauser enhancements
      (NOE) of nonprotonated aromatic carbons and Czeta of arginine residues. In
      general, the 13C-1H dipolar mechanism dominates the relaxation of these carbons.
      13C-14N dipolar relaxation contributes significantly to 1/T1 of C epsilon2 of
      tryptophan residues and Czeta of arginine residues of proteins in D2O. The NOE of
      each nonprotonated aromatic carbon is within experimental error of the calculated
      value of about 1.2. As a result, integrated intensities can be used for making a
      carbon count. Theoretical results are presented for the effect of internal
      rotation on W, T1, and the NOE. A comparison with the experimental T1 and NOE
      values indicates that if there is internal rotation of aromatic amino acid side
      chains, it is not fast relative to the over-all rotational motion of the protein.

PMID- 169240
TI  - Studies of individual carbon sites of proteins in solution by natural abundance
      carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Strategies for assignments.
AB  - Natural abundance 13C Fourier transform NMR spectra (at 15.18 MHz, in 20-mm
      sample tubes) of aqueous native proteins yield numerous narrow single carbon
      resonances of nonprotonated aromatic carbons. Techniques for the assignment of
      these resonances are presented. Each technique is applied to one or more of the
      following proteins: ferricytochrome c from horse heart and Candida krusei,
      ferrocytochrome c and cyanoferricytochrome c from horse heart, lysozyme from hen
      egg white, cyanoferrimyoglobins from horse and sperm whale skeletal muscle, and
      carbon monoxide myoglobin from horse. In all of the protein spectra we have
      examined, methine aromatic carbons give rise to broad bands. Studies of the
      narrow resonances of nonprotonated aromatic carbons of proteins are facilitated
      by removal of these broad bands by means of the convolution-difference method,
      preferably from spectra recorded under conditions of noise-modulated off
      resonance proton decoupling. We present a summary of the chemical shift ranges
      for the various types of nonprotonated aromatic carbons of amino acid residues
      and hemes of diamagnetic proteins, based on our results for hen egg white
      lysozyme, horse heart ferrocytochrome c, horse carbon monoxide myoglobin, and
      carbon monoxide hemoglobins from various species...

PMID- 169241
TI  - Purification of cerebral glucose-6-phosphatase. An enzyme involved in sleep.
AB  - An insoluble phosphoprotein of rat brain acquires radioactivity from inorganic
      phosphate more rapidly during sleep than during wakefulness. It was purified in
      two ways. The first was solvent delipidation of brain tissue followed by
      preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The second
      was sucrose gradient centrifugation of a brain homogenate to remove myelin, and
      gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and adsorption chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex
      in the presence of sodium deoxycholate. The products were homogeneous within the
      limits of the analytical methods used. The apparent molecular weight of the
      phosphoprotein was 28,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, but was
      much higher in the presence of sodium deoxycholate. The protein had a high
      content of aspartic and glutamic acids compared to basic amino acids. Analysis of
      a base hydrolysate, as well as studies of the kinetics of hydrolysis, showed that
      the radioactive phosphorus was attached to histidine. The NH2-terminal residue
      was identified as isoleucine. The phosphoprotein purified by the second method
      was enzymatically active. When it was incubated in vitro with a 32P-labeled
      supernatant fraction from rat brain (and later with glucose [6-32P]phosphate), a
      radioactive phosphorylated protein intermediate was formed. Exploration of the
      several enzymatic activities of the preparation indicated close correspondence to
      those reported for the glucose-6-phosphatases of liver and kidney. Glucose-6
      phosphatase activity was found in all parts of the brain in the membranous
      subcellular fractions of neurons. It was shown to be co-purified with the sleep
      related phosphoprotein. This report constitutes, we believe, the first complete
      purification of glucose-6-phosphatase from any tissue and an instance in which a
      change in the state of a cerebral enzyme has been linked to a normal change in
      the physiological state of the brain.

PMID- 169242
TI  - Binding of selected iodothyronine analogues to receptor sites of isolated rat
      hepatic nuclei. High correlation between structural requirements for nuclear
      binding and biological activity.
AB  - The limited capacity, high affinity binding of 35 iodothyronine analogues by rat
      liver nuclei has been examined in an in vitro system. The in vitro nuclear
      binding of all the analogues tested was highly correlated with their published
      thyromimetic potencies in the intact animals. Binding and biological activity are
      greater for 3'-mono-than 3',5'-di-substituted iodothyronines. A 4'-hydroxyl group
      is essential, but the 3' substituent can be several halogen or non-halogen groups
      for which the distal conformation is preferred. The ether linkage can be replaced
      equally well by a methylene or sulfur group. The presence of both 3 and 5 groups
      which are limited to halogens or small alkyl groups are necessary for the
      maintenance of significant activity. Halogen-free iodothyronines have very low,
      but significant activity both in vitro and in vivo. The data provide information
      on the structural requirements for thyroid hormone action and further support the
      physiological relevance of the nuclear sites.

PMID- 169243
TI  - The mechanism of action of cholera toxin in pigeon erythrocyte lysates.
AB  - The adenylate cyclase activity of intact pigeon erythrocytes begins to rise after
      about 20 min of exposure to cholera toxin. The maximum rate at which the cyclase
      activity increases appears to be limited by the number of toxin molecules which
      can reach an intracellular target. If the erythrocytes are made permeable to the
      toxin by a bacterial hemolysin, no such limit exists, and adenylate cyclase
      activity starts to rise immediately upon the addition of toxin, and continues to
      rise to a maximum at an initially constant rate which is dependent upon the
      concentration of toxin. On lysed erythrocytes, the addition of cholera antitoxin
      immediately prevents any further rise in adenylate cyclase activity, but does not
      reverse any activation already achieved. Erythrocyte lysates may also be
      activated by isolated peptide A1 of cholera toxin, although activation of
      adenylate cyclase of intact erythrocytes requires the complete toxin molecule. In
      the intact cells, toxin first attaches by its Component B to surface receptors of
      which there are about 30 per erythrocyte. Subsequently, peptide A1 but not
      Component B is inserted into the erythrocyte. It takes only about 1 min at 37
      degrees for peptide A1 to be sufficiently deep within the cell membrane to be
      inaccessible to extracellular antitoxin, but its complete transit through the
      membrane appears to take longer. The surface receptors are used only once, for
      they remain blocked by Component B. The number of receptors available on the
      surface may be increased by soaking cells in ganglioside GM1. Cholera toxin also
      decreases the rate of apparently spontaneous loss of adenylate cyclase activity
      and increases the response to epinephrine. Theophylline inhibits the action of
      cholera toxin.

PMID- 169244
TI  - Interaction of the estradiol receptor from calf uterus with its nuclear acceptor
      sites.
AB  - The specific interaction between 17 beta-estradiol-receptor complex and nuclear
      acceptors was analyzed by immobilizing various nuclear proteins to CNBr-activated
      agarose. The specific, high affinity sites identified in a fraction of basic
      proteins that can be solubilized from purified nuclei of calf uterus (Puca, G.A.,
      Sica, V., and Nola. E (1974) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 979-983) were
      chromatographed on Sephadex G-100 columns. Elution of the acceptor activity
      depends on the pH and ionic strength of the buffer used. With 5 mM HCl, however,
      a peak of acceptor activity with a molecular weight of about 70,000 was partially
      dissociated from the other basic nuclear proteins. The high affinity binding of
      the receptor to the acceptor proteins was estradiol-, but not progesterone-,
      cortisone-, or testosterone-dependent; it was very sensitive to ionic strength
      and showed a physiological pH optimum. Low affinity binding, such as that seen
      between receptor and histone, showed no estradiol dependence and little ionic
      strength and pH sensitivity. Native or heat-denatured DNA strongly modified the
      receptor-acceptor interaction, reducing the number of binding sites of acceptor
      for the receptor without changing the high affinity of the interaction. Heating
      of the acceptor protein before its covalent linkage to agarose considerably
      increased the affinity of the resulting agarose derivative. Free sulfhydryl
      groups of the receptor but not of the acceptor molecule play an important role in
      the acceptor-receptor interaction. When receptor and acceptor preparations were
      incubated in solution, the resulting complex was included on a Sephadex G-100
      column and it eluted from DEAE-cellulose columns at lower ionic strength than the
      receptor alone. Even though not absolutely specific, these two properties allowed
      determination of the molecular weight (85,000) of the acceptor protein at neutral
      pH and more nearly physiological ionic strength. The apparent KD of the acceptor
      receptor interaction was determined to be 2 x 10(-10) M at O degrees. Apparently
      similar, high affinity binding sites for estradiol receptors are also present in
      nuclei of other tissues.

PMID- 169245
TI  - Inhibition of basal and hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase in adipocyte ghosts
      by the prostaglandin endoperoxide prostaglandin H2.
AB  - The prostaglandin endoperoxide PGH2 (15-hydroxy-9alpha, 11alpha-peroxidoprosta
      5,13-dienoic acid), at a concentration of 2.8 x 10(-5) M inhibited basal
      adenylate cyclase activity 11% and epinephrine-stimulated activity 30 to 35%.
      PGH2 inhibited epinephrine-stimulated enzyme activity in the presence of 10 mM
      theophylline, 2.5 mM adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP), or in the absence of
      inhibitors or substrates of the cAMP phosphodiesterase. When the cAMP
      phosphodiesterase was assayed directly using 62 nM and 1.1 muM cAMP, PGH2 did not
      affect the 100,000 x g particulate cAMP phosphodiesterase from fat cells. The
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase by PGH2 was readily reversible. A 6-min
      preincubation of ghost membranes with PGH2, followed by washing, did not alter
      subsequent epinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. During epinephrine
      stimulation, the PGH2 inhibition was apparent on initial rates of cAMP synthesis,
      and the addition of PGH2 to the enzyme system at any point during an assay
      markedly reduced the rate of cAMP synthesis. Between 2.8 x 10(-7) M and 2.8 x 10(
      5) M, PGH2 inhibited epinephrine-stimulated enzyme activity in a concentration
      dependent manner. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase by thyroid-stimulating
      hormone, glucagon, and adrenocorticotropic hormone as well as by epinephrine was
      antagonized by PGH2, suggesting that PGH2 may be an endogenous feedback regulator
      of hormone-stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue.

PMID- 169246
TI  - Synthesis and study of the estrogenic activity of 2,4-bis(bromomethyl)estradiol
      17 beta 3-methyl ether.
AB  - Synthesis of 2,4-bis(bromomethyl)estradiol-17 beta 3-methyl ether (BBE2M) was
      accomplished by reducing a methanolic solution of 2,4-bis(bromomethyl)estrone
      methyl ether with sodium borohydride. In 0.5 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, 25
      degrees, BBE2M readily reacts with Ellman's anion and alkylates cysteine to form
      a steroid-amino acid conjugate. Stoichiometry of the reaction indicates that the
      bromosteroid is divalent with cysteine. Tryptophan and histidine react more
      slowly with the bromosteroid. Estrogenic activity of BBE2M was evaluated in
      ovariectomized rats by uterine intraluminal administration and quantitation of
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-P:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC
      1.1.1.49) activity in the uterus. BBE2M induced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      activity as did estradiol-17 beta or estradiol-17 beta 3-methyl ether (E2M).
      BBE2M was more persistent in activity than E2M. Histological examination of
      uterus following BBE2M treatment shows classic estrogenic morphology. BBE2M
      covalently binds to the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor of calf uterus. Such
      binding is prevented by pretreatment of the receptor protein with estradiol-17
      beta. The covalently bound steroid-receptor complex appears to stimulate RNA
      synthesis in isolated nuclei from calf endometrium.

PMID- 169248
TI  - Thyrotropin receptors in thyroid plasma membranes. Characteristics of thyrotropin
      binding and solubilization of thyrotropin receptor activity by tryptic digestion.
AB  - Biologically active bovine 125I-thyrotropin preparations have been prepared,
      characterized, and used to evaluate the optimal conditions for thyrotropin
      binding to bovine thyroid plasma membranes in vitro. Binding of 125I-TSH has a pH
      optimum around 6.0 and is sensitive to the choice and concentration of buffer.
      Binding is inhibited by salts, especially those containing magnesium and calcium
      ions; magnesium concentrations optimal for adenylate cyclase assays (2 to 5 mM)
      result in 85 to 98% inhibition of binding. Binding is temperature sensitive. At
      37 degrees binding has its highest initial level; however, instability of the
      membrane at this temperature causes a rapid loss of binding activity. Binding at
      0 degrees is optimal in 30 min and at the same level as initial binding at 37
      degrees; since there is no decrease in binding activity, it has been chosen as
      the optimal temperature. Thyrotropin, luteinizing hormone, the beta subunit of
      thyrotropin, and the alpha subunit of thyrotropin have relative binding
      affinities for the thyrotropin receptors of 100, 10, 2, and less than 0.5,
      respectively. In all of these characteristics, 125I-thyrotropin at 1.5 x 10(-5) M
      concentrations has the same properties of binding to bovine plasma membranes as
      do [3H]thyrotropin preparations which have been previously characterized (Amir,
      S.M., Carraway, T.F., Jr., Kohn, L.D., and Winand, R.V. (1973) J. Biol. Chem.
      248, 4092-4100) and used to study binding at 5 x 10(-6) M concentrations. 125I
      TSH binding as a function of hormone concentration results in curved Scatchard
      plots; however, Hill plots of these same binding data are linear and have a slope
      of 0.65. Taken together, these data suggest that the heterogeneity in thyrotropin
      binding constants which is evident in the Scatchard plot reflects a negatively
      cooperative relationship among the thyrotropin receptor sites, i.e. decreased
      hormonal affinity as hormone concentrations increase. Adenylate cyclase studies
      yield kinetic plots which also exhibit negative cooperativity; corrections for
      thyrotropin bound under the adverse binding conditions of the adenylate cyclase
      assays suggest that Km values for thyrotropin in this enzymatic assay are
      compatible with binding constants measured by the 125I-thyrotropin preparations.
      Tryptic digestion destroys binding activity on the thyroid plasma membrane but
      releases specific thyrotropin receptor activity into the supernatant phase.
      Chromatography on Sephadex G-100 indicates that this solubilized receptor
      fragment has a molecular weight between 15,000 and 30,000.

PMID- 169247
TI  - Singlet oxygen production associated with enzyme-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in
      liver microsomes.
AB  - Evidence for the formation of singlet oxygen during the oxidation of NADPH by
      liver microsomes is presented. The evidence is based primarily on the enzyme
      dependent formation of dibenzoylethylene from diphenylfuran, a reaction which is
      specific for singlet oxygen. The apparent formation of singlet oxygen is coupled
      to the occurrence of peroxidation of microsomal lipid, a phenomenon known to be
      associated with NADPH oxidation by the particles. Both the peroxidation of lipid
      and the apparent formation of singlet oxygen are related to the amount of Fe3+
      present in the system and the results are consistent with the possibility that
      the singlet oxygen formed by this system is derived from the breakdown of lipid
      peroxides. If 1O2 is formed from breakdown of lipid peroxides, it would be
      dependent on O-/-2 formation because superoxide anion has been shown to undergo
      reactions in this system which generate extremely reactive free radicals
      (probably hydroxyl) that initiate lipid peroxidation. These peroxides are quite
      unstable and their degradation may be the source of 1O2. We have consistently
      observed that O-/-2 itself is not a reactive radical with respect to lipids or
      radical scavengers. Hence, O-/-2 cannot be the radical which initiates lipid
      peroxidation on which 1O2 generation appears to depend. The results may offer at
      least part of the explanation for the dietary requirement for alpha-tocopherol
      which not only scavenges free radicals but quenches singlet oxygen as well. This
      report also includes description of studies indicating that another enzyme,
      xanthine oxidase, which forms superoxide anion during its activity under aerobic
      conditions, does not form singlet oxygen during its function. This finding is in
      contrast to reports of others which indicate that xanthine oxidase activity does
      produce 1O2.

PMID- 169250
TI  - Thyrotropin effects on thyroid cells in culture. Effects of trypsin on the
      thyrotropin receptor and on thyrotropin-mediated cyclic 3':5'-AMP changes.
AB  - Dog, human, and bovine thyroid cells in culture have been shown to develop
      follicle-like structures when cells are cultured in conditions of confluency and
      when cells are incubated in the presence of bovine thyrotropin or N6,O2'
      dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate during the first 24 to 48 hours
      after trypsinization. If thyrotropin is added 48 hours after trypsinization,
      these cells do not form follicle-like structures but remain as a monolayer
      culture. Although thyroid cells which grow as a monolayer have a thyrotropin
      receptor on their plasma membranes with the same in vitro binding properties as
      the thyrotropin receptor on the plasma membranes of the follicle-forming thyroid
      cells, there is a 1- to 2-fold greater number of receptors per mg of membrane
      protein when follicle-forming and monolayer cultures are compared...

PMID- 169249
TI  - Characteristics of a solubilized thyrotropin receptor from bovine thyroid plasma
      membranes.
AB  - The thyrotropin receptor from bovine thyroid plasma membranes has been
      solubilized using lithium diiodosalicylate, and an assay to measure thyrotropin
      binding to the solubilized receptor has been developed. Both the solubilized
      thyrotropin receptor and the thyrotropin receptor on thyroid plasma membranes
      have effectively identical nonlinear Scatchard plots and negatively sloped Hill
      plots, i.e. both preparations have receptors which appear to exhibit a similar
      negatively cooperative relationship. Although the pH optimum of thyrotropin
      binding to the solubilized receptor is the same as that of the thyroid plasma
      membrane receptor, pH 6.0, the pH dependency curve of the solubilized receptor is
      slightly different in its outline. Thyrotropin binding to the solubilized
      receptor is less sensitive to salt inhibition than is binding to the thyroid
      plasma membrane receptor; however, optimal binding remains at 0 degrees. The
      relative affinities of thyrotropin and two glycoprotein hormones which can be
      considered structural analogs, luteinizing hormone and human chorionic
      gonadotropin, are 100:10:5, respectively, toward plasma membrane receptors, but
      100:25:40 toward the solubilized receptors. The solubilized receptor preparation
      is heterogeneous in size in that it has binding components with molecular weights
      of 286,000, 160,000, 75,000, and 15,000 to 30,000. Tryptic digestion converts all
      three higher molecular weight components to the 15,000 to 30,000 molecular weight
      species, and the 15,000 to 30,000 molecular weight receptor component has all of
      the binding properties of the solubilized receptor preparation before tryptic
      digestion including an identical nonlinear Scatchard plot. It has the same size
      as and coelutes from Sephadex G-100 with a 15,000 to 30,000 molecular weight
      receptor released by tryptic digestion of bovine thyroid plasma membranes or
      tryptic digestion of bovine or dog thyroid cells in culture. The tryptic fragment
      of the solubilized receptor or preparations has been purified almost 250-fold by
      affinity chromatography on thyrotropin-Sepharose columns. The binding activity is
      lost when the solubilized thyrotropin receptor preparation is exposed to beads of
      neuraminidase-Sepharose or conconavalin A-Sepharose.

PMID- 169251
TI  - Functional arginine residues involved in coenzyme binding by glutamate
      dehydrogenases.
AB  - Reaction of the NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora with 1,2
      cyclohexanedione results in a biphasic loss of enzyme activity. At the end of the
      rapid phase of the reaction (t1/2 = 1.5 min) the enzyme activity is diminished by
      approximately 60% with the simultaneous loss of 1 residue of arginine per
      subunit. After 60 min, the enzyme activity is completely lost with the
      modification of a total of 2 arginine residues per subunit. Reaction of bovine
      liver glutamate dehydrogenase with cyclohexanedione causes a rapid loss of
      approximately 45% of the enzyme activity and modification of about 1.5 residues
      of arginine per subunit. More prolonged treatment results in reaction of an
      additional 4 residues of arginine per subunit but is without further effect on
      the residual activity. The activity of the Neurospora enzyme is not protected by
      substrate, coenzyme, or a combination of both; however, the activity of the
      bovine enzyme is partially protected by high levels of NAD or NADP. Although the
      Km for alpha-ketoglutarate is unchanged by a limited modification of either
      enzyme with cyclohexanedione, the Km for coenzyme is increased about 2-fold for
      the Neurospora enzyme and about 1.5-fold for the bovine enzyme. The Ki of the
      Neurospora dehydrogenase for the competitive inhibitor 2'-monophosphoadenosine-5'
      diphosphoribose is unchanged by the enzyme modification, but nicotinamide
      mononucleotide, a competitive inhibitor for the native Neurospora enzyme, does
      not inhibit the glutamate dehydrogenase with 1 modified arginine residue. This
      finding implies that the modified arginine is at or near the nicotinamide binding
      iste of the enzyme.

PMID- 169252
TI  - Free fatty acids as feedback regulators of adenylate cyclase and cyclic 3':5'-AMP
      accumulation in rat fat cells.
AB  - Rat fat cells incubated with lipolytic agents released substances to the medium
      which acted as feedback regulators of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP) accumulation. The feedback regulators were not removed by adenosine
      deaminase. Dialyzed medium that had previously been incubated with fat cells in
      the presence of norepinephrine markedly inhibited cyclic AMP accumulation by
      fresh cells, whereas dialyzed medium from control cells did not inhibit cyclic
      AMP accumulation. The effects of lipolytic agents could be mimicked by adding
      dialyzed medium previously incubated with fat cells in the presence of oleic
      acid. This suggested that free fatty acids were the nondialyzable and adenosine
      deaminase-insensitive inhibitors of cyclic AMP accumulation released to the
      medium by fat cells incubated with lipolytic agents. The regulatory function of
      free fatty acids was related to the molar ratio of fatty acid to albumin.
      Profound inhibition of both lipolysis and cyclic AMP accumulation was seen as the
      free fatty acid/albumin ratio exceeded 3. The inhibition of cyclic AMP
      accumulation by oleate was seen as soon as there was a detectable increase in
      cyclic AMP due to lipolytic agents. Protein kinase activity (in the presence of
      cyclic AMP) of the infranatant obtained after centrifugation of fat cell
      homogenates at 48,000 x g was inhibited by medium from cells incubated with
      lipolytic agents or added oleate. Adenylate cyclase activity of rat fat cell
      ghosts was also inhibited by dialyzed or nondialyzed medium that previously had
      been incubated with lipolytic agents or added fatty acids. The direct addition of
      oleate markedly inhibited adenylate cyclase activity as the free fatty
      acid/albumin ratio exceeded 2. These data suggest that the prolonged drop in
      cyclic AMP accumulation seen during the incubation of rat fat cells with
      lipolytic agents is due to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. This occurs when
      the free fatty acid/albumin ratio exceeds 3.

PMID- 169253
TI  - Lack of feedback regulation of cyclic 3':5'-AMP accumulation by free fatty acids
      in chicken fat cells.
AB  - Fat cells isolated from the mesenteric adipose tissue of chickens (pullets)
      responded to glucagon with an increase in lipolysis and a sustained rise in
      cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) over a 30-min incubation. The
      prolonged accumulation of cyclic AMP due to glucagon in chicken fat cells was
      primarily intracellular. In addition, there was little increase in cyclic AMP
      accumulation due to theophylline alone or potentiation of the increase due to
      glucagon. These data indicate that chicken fat cells, unlike rat fat cells, are
      relatively insensitive to theophylline. Neither lipolysis nor cyclic AMP
      accumulation by chicken fat cells was inhibited by free fatty acid to albumin
      ratios (3 to 7) which markedly reduced both events in rat fat cells. However, in
      the absence of albumin from the medium, lipolysis in chicken fat cells was
      reduced, but not to the same extent as in rat fat cells. Chicken fat cells did
      accumulate more intracellular free fatty acids in response to lipolytic agents
      than did rat fat cells. The uptake of oleate by rat and chicken fat cells was
      identical. Glucagon-induced accumulation of cyclic AMP by chicken fat cell ghosts
      was unaffected by added oleate. Under identical conditions glucagon-induced
      adenylate cyclase activity of rat fat cell ghosts was markedly inhibited by added
      oleate. Triglyceride lipase activity of the pH 5.2 precipitate from a 40,000 x g
      infranatant of homogenized fat cells from chickens was less sensitive than that
      from rat fat cells to the ratio of oleate to albumin. These results suggest that
      the maintenance of cyclic AMP levels in chicken fat cells incubated with
      lipolytic agents results from the relative insensitivity of chicken fat cells to
      free fatty acid inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation.

PMID- 169254
TI  - Purification of tryptophan transfer RNA from chick cells and its identity with
      "spot 1" RNA of Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - Tryptophan transfer RNA from chick cells chromatographs differently in the
      reversed-phase column chromatographic system 5 depending upon whether it is
      aminoacylated or not. This property was utilized to prepare pure tryptophan tRNA.
      Oligonucleotide fingerprints of tryptophan tRNA purified in this manner are
      identical with those reported for "spot 1" RNA isolated from Rous sarcoma virus.

PMID- 169255
TI  - A study of the binding of Mn2+ to bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I and to
      deoxyribonucleic acid by electron paramagnetic resonance.
AB  - EPR studies of Mn2+ binding to bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I show that
      the enzyme can bind three Mn2+ ions at pH 7.5 and 2 degrees. Two sites bind Mn2+
      strongly, with a Kd of 10(-4)M, and the third binds Mn2+ weakly, with a Kd of 10(
      3)M. Ca2+ competes with the two strong sites, whereas Mg2+ competes only with one
      of them, indicating that both sites are not equivalent. Mn2+ binding to DNA has
      been confirmed by EPR measurements. Two types of sites, with different affinities
      for Mn2+ binding, were found on DNA molecules, one with a Kd of 1.2 times 10(-4)M
      and the other with a Kd of 10(-3)M. Mg2+ ions can displace Mn2+ from the high
      affinity sites, but not from the low affinity sites. These results suggest the
      Mn2+ binds not only to the phosphate groups, but also to the electron donor
      groups of the base rings.

PMID- 169256
TI  - Interaction of L-alpha-palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine with the AI polypeptide
      of high density lipoprotein.
AB  - The AI polypeptide chain from human high density serum lipoprotein has two
      accessible conformational states in aqueous solution. L-alpha-Palmitoyl
      lysophosphatidylcholine induces the transition between these two states at an
      equilibrium concentration of ligand of 2 X 10(-5)M, and the protein has a maximum
      binding capacity of 95 to 100 mol of lipid/mol of protein. The present study,
      together with previous investigations in this laboratory, suggests that the
      conformational state of AI in the presence of high levels of bound amphiphiles is
      similar to the in vivo state, and further, that this complex does not result from
      the insertion of AI into amphiphilic micelles. The mode of interaction of AI with
      amphiphilic ligands is shown to be significantly different from that of membrane
      proteins thus far investigated.

PMID- 169257
TI  - Pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme. Structural and catalytic properties.
AB  - Angiotensin-converting enzyme has been solubilized from a particulate fraction of
      rabbit lung and purified to apparent homogeneity in 11% yield by a procedure
      including fractionation with DEAE-cellulose and calcium phosphate gel, elution
      from Sephadex G-200, and lectin affinity chromatography. The molecular weight
      estimated by equilibrium sedimentation was approximately 129,000, either in the
      absence or presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. A slightly higher value of
      140,000 determined for the reduced, denatured protein by gel electrophoresis in
      the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and a much higher figure derived from gel
      filtration are probably due to the glycoprotein nature of the enzyme. Its
      oligosaccharide content accounted for 26% of the weight calculated from its amino
      acid and carbohydrate composition. The estimated content of sugar residues per
      mole was: galactose, 57; N-acetylglucosamine, 53; mannose, 43; N-acetylneuraminic
      acid, 19; and fucose, 4. Threonine and alanine were identified, respectively, as
      NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal residues by the dansylation procedure and by
      digestion with carboxypeptidase A. The enzyme was found to contain approximately
      1 g atom of zinc per mol. Km values for hydrolysis of hippurylhistidylleucine and
      angiotensin I were 2.3 and 0.07 mM, and the corresponding turnover numbers were
      15,430 and 792 mol/min/mol at 37 degrees. Bradykinin was also a substrate, and
      release of its COOH-terminal dipeptide, Phe-Arg, was catalyzed at a comparable
      rate to that of His-Leu from the COOH terminus of angiotensin I. Enzyme activity
      required the presence of chloride ions and was inhibited by EDTA and by low
      concentrations of Bothrops bradykinin-potentiating peptides. In addition,
      hydrolysis of hippurylhistidylleucine was inhibited competitively by other
      defined peptides, including di- and tripeptides, which were not substrates.

PMID- 169258
TI  - Isolation and characterization of cytidine diphosphate diglyceride from beef
      liver.
AB  - Cytidine diphosphate diglyceride was isolated from beef liver by a combination of
      silicic acid column, DEAE-cellulose column, and this layer chromatography. The
      product (5.8 to 17.4 mumol/kg of liver) contained cytidine/phosphate/fatty acids
      in the molar proportions 1.05/2.0/2.05 (theoretical, 1.0/2.0/2.0) (average for
      three preparations). The liponucleotide was split quantitatively by a partially
      purified hydrolase from Escherichia coli, specific for CDP-diglyceride, (Raetz,
      C. R. H., Hirschberg, C. B., Dowhan, W., Wickner, W. T., and Kennedy, E. P.
      (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 2245-2247) into phosphatidic acid and a water-soluble
      nucleotide that was chromatographically identical with CMP. No dCMP was located
      in these hydrolysates. The liver liponucleotide was more effective than a
      synthetic preparation of CDP-diglyceride in promoting the formation of
      phosphatidylinositol with guinea pig brain microsomes. The fatty acid composition
      of CDP-diglyceride was compared with metabolically related phospholipids from
      beef liver. The liponucleotide had a similar composition to phosphatidylinositol,
      characterized by a high level of stearate and with arachidonate as the major
      unsaturated fatty acid. The content of arachidonate in both lipids was
      significantly higher than that in phosphatidic acid. The profile of fatty acids
      of cardiolipin was quite unlike that of CDP-diglyceride. These findings suggest
      several alternatives for the metabolic origins of beef liver CDP-diglyceride: (a)
      CDP-diglyceride is formed from an atypical pool of phosphatidic acid, (b) the
      enzyme is selective for arachidonoyl-containing species of phosphatidic acid, (c)
      the liponucleotide may also be derived from phosphatidylinositol by the back
      reaction of CDP-diglyceride: inositol phosphatidyltransferase.

PMID- 169259
TI  - Human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase. Comparison of purified normal and
      mutant enzymes.
AB  - Human phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase has been purified 4500-fold to
      electrophoretic homogeneity from the erythrocytes of normal individuals and of
      two brothers in whom excessive activity of this enzyme results in excessive rated
      of purine nucleotide and uric acid synthesis de novo and gouty arthritis.
      Structural differences between the normal and mutant enzymes are indicated by a
      lower isoelectric point for the mutant enzyme (pI 4.85) than for the normal
      enzyme (pI 5.10); decreased electrophoretic mobility of the mutant preparation on
      cellulose acetate gel at low inorganic phosphate concentrations; increased (2.4
      fold) inactivation of the mutant enzyme activity relative to the normal by
      identical amounts of a specific antiserum which precipitates identical quantities
      of normal and mutant enzyme; increased thermal lability of the mutant enzyme at
      55 degrees; and an increased (2.2-fold) specific enzyme activity for the mutant
      enzyme despite the comparable purity of the preparations. Antibody inactivation,
      quantitative precipitin, and immunodiffusion studies as well as the disparity in
      specific enzyme activities during the course of purification suggest that a
      structural alteration in the mutant enzyme leads to increased catalytic activity
      per enzyme molecule, either from a primary alteration in the structural gene(s)
      for phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase or from a post-transcriptional
      alteration in the enzyme. Purified preparations of normal and mutant enzymes
      showed nearly identical affinity constants for magnesium and the substrates, ATP
      and ribose 5-phosphate, as well as similar inhibition constants for the products,
      PP-ribose-P and AMP, and the inhibitors ADP, GDP, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. An
      increased maximal velocity of the reaction was, thus, the sole kinetic difference
      identified. The increased velocity of the mutant enzyme reaction was constant
      over a range of inorganic phosphate concentrations from 0.1 to 100 mM. Subunit
      molecular weights of the enzyme preparations, estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide electrophoresis, were identical (32,000), although the undenatured
      mutant enzyme showed a greater proportion of stainable protein in the smaller of
      two molecular weight forms (both greater than 500,000) of the enzyme demonstrated
      on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 1 mM sodium phosphate.

PMID- 169261
TI  - Interaction of a chick skin collagen fragment (alpha1-CB5) with human platelets.
      Biochemical studies during the aggregation and release reaction.
AB  - The denatured alpha1(I) chain and the cyanogen bromide peptide, alpha1(I)-CB5, of
      chick skin collagen cause the release of serotonin and leakage of lactic
      dehydrogenase from human platelets in a manner similar to the release reaction
      mediated by adenosine diphosphate and native collagen. These peptides also cause
      a decrease in the level of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in platelets.
      Adenylate cyclase activity of platelets is partially inhibited by these peptides
      as well as by native collagen, ADP, and epinephrine, but cAMP phosphodiesterase
      activity is unaltered by these substances. In contrast, the level of platelet
      guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cGMP) is increased by the collagen peptides as
      well as the other aggregating agents. The increase is associated with increased
      guanylate cyclase, but normal cGMP phosphodiesterase activities of platelets.
      Optical rotatory and viscometric measurements of the alpha1 chains and alpha1-CB5
      of chick skin in 0.01 M phosphate/0.15 M sodium chloride, pH 7.4, at various
      temperatures as a function of time indicate that no detectable renaturation
      occurs at 37 degrees for at least 30 min of observation. Molecular sieve
      chromatography of alpha1-CB5 in the phosphate buffer at 37 degrees shows that its
      elution position is identical to that performed under denaturing conditions (at
      45 degrees) with no evidence of higher molecular weight aggregates, and the
      alpha1-CB5 glycopeptide fraction eluting from the column at the position of its
      monomer retains the platelet aggregating activity. Additionally, electron
      microscopic examination of the platelet-rich plasma that had been reacted with
      these peptides fail to show any ordered collagen structures. These data indicate
      that the denatured alpha1 chain and alpha1-CB5 glycopeptide of chick skin
      collagen mediate platelet aggregation through the "physiologic" release reaction
      in a manner similar to that induced by other aggregating agents such as ADP,
      epinephrine, or native collagen, and support the conclusion that the aggregating
      activity of the alpha1 chain and alpha1-CB5 is not likely to be due to the
      formation of polymerized products.

PMID- 169260
TI  - Reversibility of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase
      reactions.
AB  - Using a homogeneous enzyme from rabbit skeletal muscle, it has been demonstrated
      that the cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein
      kinase reaction is reversible. In addition to the phosphorylated protein
      substrate, the reverse reaction requires Mg2+, ADP, and cyclic AMP when the
      holoenzyme is used as the source of enzyme. It is independent of cyclic AMP when
      the catalytic subunit of the protein kinase is used. The optimum pH for the
      reverse reaction with 32P-labeled casein as the substrate is 5.7, essentially the
      same as that for the forward reaction. Among the nucleotide subtrates tested, ADP
      serves as the best phosphoryl group acceptor. The Km of the enzyme for ADP is 3.3
      mM and that for 32P-casein is 1.7 mg/ml. The equilibrium constant at 30 degrees
      is approximately 0.042 at a magnesium concentration of 10 mM and a pH of 6.9.
      This result indicates that the free energy of hydrolysis (deltaG0obs) of the
      phosphorylated protein substrate is relatively high, i.e. approximately -6.5
      kcal/mol under these conditions.

PMID- 169263
TI  - Site of synthesis of membrane and nonmembrane proteins of vesicular stomatitis
      virus.
AB  - Upon infection of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), vesicular stomatitis (VSV)
      virus synthesizes two membrane proteins (the VSV glycoprotein and the VSV matrix
      or membrane (M) protein) and three nonmembrane proteins (the VSV nucleocapsid,
      the viral transcriptase, and an NS protein). We have used the VSV-infected cell
      as a model system for the study of the site of synthesis of these membrane and
      nonmembrane proteins. We have isolated VSV mRNA from free polyribosomes, membrane
      bound polyribosomes, and the postribosomal supernatant, and identified the
      individual species of VSV mRNA present in each fraction. The mRNA which encodes
      the VSV glycoprotein is found exclusively on membrane-bound polyribosomes, while
      the mRNAs which encode the VSV, M, N, and NS proteins are found in free
      polyribosomes, in the membrane fraction of the cell, and in the postribosomal
      supernatant. Our results suggest that the VSV glycoprotein is synthesized
      exclusively on membrane polyribosomes, while at least some of the M, N, and NS
      proteins are made on free polyribosomes.

PMID- 169262
TI  - The carboxylic acid groups of bovine luteinizing hormone. The effects of their
      modification on receptor site binding and subunit-subunit interaction.
AB  - The modification of the carboxyl groups of the subunits of bovine luteinizing
      hormone to neutral derivatives by carbodiimide-mediated coupling with glycine
      methyl ester has been studied. The modified alpha subunit, which has 8 residues
      of glycine methyl ester incorporated, will no longer recombine with native beta
      (hormone-specific) subunit, but the modified beta subunit, with 6 to 7 glycine
      methyl esters incorporated, will recombine with native alpha to yield a partially
      active hormone. Derivatization of the intact hormone results in dissociation to
      subunits together with formation of a major side product which is covalently
      cross-linked. Significant cross-linked product was not obtained during
      modification of individual subunits, thus indicating an orientation between an
      activated carboxyl group(s) and a nucleophile(s) in the intact hormone which
      favors coupling. Separation of subunits from the derivatized, noncross-linked
      fraction by countercurrent distribution reveals a heterogeneous preparation of
      the modified alpha subunit which also will not recombine with either a native or
      modified beta subunit. The beta subunit from the modified intact hormone was
      indistinguishable from the modified isolated beta subunit in amino acid
      composition and in ability to recombine with native alpha subunit. The results
      are consonant with data from this and other laboratories in which various
      modifications of the alpha chain, the subunit common to the glycoproteins, more
      seriously affect recombination than similar modifications of the beta subunits.
      The number of carboxyl groups modified in each subunit is compatible with but not
      in total agreement with assignments of amides reported from sequence studies.

PMID- 169264
TI  - Multiple thermotropic phase transitions in Escherichia coli membranes and
      membrane lipids. A comparison of results obtained by nitroxyl stearate
      paramagnetic resonance, pyrene excimer fluorescence, and enzyme activity
      measurements.
AB  - At characteristic temperatures, membranes from Escherichia coli cells enriched in
      exogenous elaidic acid exhibit two abrupt changes in the slope of Arrhenius plots
      of two enzyme activities. For NADH oxidase, these changes occur at 27 degrees and
      32 degrees, whereas for D-lactate oxidase, these changes occur at 31 degrees and
      36 degrees. Pyrene excimer fluorescence and spin-labeled fatty acid paramagnetic
      resonance results indicate that the beginning, midpoint, and end of a single
      structural change(order leads to disorder transition) occurs at 25.5-29.0
      degrees, 30.0-31.0 degrees, and 33.0-35.5 degrees, respectively. These data
      suggest that for NADH oxidase, the observed activity changes correspond to the
      beginning and midpoint of a single membrane lipid structural change, whereas for
      D-lactate, the activity changes correspond to the midpoint and end of that
      structural change. In addition to the membrane structural change spanning the
      range of 25.5-35.5 degrees, a second change (9.5-21.0 degrees) was also observed.
      This transition was detected by 5- and 16-2,2-dimethyloxazolidinyl-1-oxyl (doxyl)
      stearates, but not by 12-doxyl stearate or pyrene. Structural changes in the
      extracted lipids were observed in the temperature ranges 4.0-9.0 degrees, 14.0
      20.0 degrees, and 25.0-35.5 degrees. The two higher ranges correlate well with
      the ranges for structural changes observed in the intact membrane. Observations
      of these multiple transitions in both intact membranes and extracted lipids
      strongly suggest that these lipids segregate into domains of different fluidity
      and composition.

PMID- 169265
TI  - Coordinate regulation of adenylate cyclase and carbohydrate permeases by the
      phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) and several carbohydrate permeases are inhibited
      by D-glucose and other substrates of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar
      phosphotransferase system. These activities are coordinately altered by sugar
      substrates of the phosphotransferase system in a variety of bacterial strains
      which contain differing cellular levels of the protein components of the
      phosphotransferase system: Enzyme I, a small heat-stable protein, and Enzyme II.
      It is suggested that the activities of adenylate cyclase and the permease
      proteins are subject to allosteric regulation and that the allosteric effector is
      a regulatory protein which can be phosphorylated by the phosphotransferase
      system.

PMID- 169266
TI  - The isolation of monkey B virus (Herpesvirus simiae) from the trigeminal ganglia
      of a healthy seropositive rhesus monkey.

PMID- 169267
TI  - Arthritic disorders of the adult radiocarpal joint: anatomic considerations and
      an evaluation of fifty consecutive abnormal cases.
AB  - The anatomy and pathology of the radiocarpal compartment of the adult wrist are
      described in a study of human cadavers and 50 consecutive patients with
      radiocarpal joint abnormalities. The most frequently encountered diseases were
      adult onset rheumatoid arthritis (42) and calcium pyrophosphate deposition
      disease (22%). Features allowing radiographic diagnosis included the degree of
      symmetry and the presence of demineralization, sclerosis, joint space narrowing,
      subchondral cysts and erosions. Evaluation of abnormalities in other compartments
      of the wrist and the ulnar styloid is mandatory.

PMID- 169268
TI  - [A functional flagella with a 6 + 0 pattern].
AB  - The male gamete of the Gregarine Lecudina tuzetae has been studied with
      transmission electron microscopy and microcinematography.  It is characterized by
      a flagellar axoneme of 6 + 0 pattern, a reduction of the chondriome, and the
      abundance of storage polysaccharide or lipid bodies.  The movements of the
      flagella are of the undulating type and they are performed in the three
      dimensions of space.  They are very slow, with a cycle time of about 2s.  The
      structure of the axoneme components are similar to those of flagella with a 9 + 2
      pattern.  Each doublet has overall dimensions of 350 x 220 A; the space between
      the adjacent doublets is about 160 A.  The A subfiber bears arms like dynein
      arms.  The diameter of the axoneme is about 1,000 A.  The basal body consists of
      a cylinder of dense material 2,500 A long and 1,300-1,400 A in diameter; a
      microtubule 200 A in diameter is present in the axis.  This study shows that a 6
      + 0 pattern can generate a flagellar movement.  The mechanism of the flagellar
      movement of the male gamete of L. tuzetae does not require the presence of
      central microtubules and it would include molecular interactions of the dynein
      tubulin type between the adjacent peripheric doublets.  The slowness of the
      movements is discussed in terms of the axoneme's structure and its energy supply.
      Finally, the phylogenetic significance of this flagella is examined on the basis
      of the morphopoietic potentialities of the centriolar structures.

PMID- 169270
TI  - Characterization of an SV40-transformed 3T3 cell line expressing an unusual
      phenotype.
AB  - A transformed variant derived as a clone from normal 3T3 cells infected with
      simian virus 40 (SV40) has been found to possess a phenotype intermediate between
      that of normal cells and that characteristic of the transformed state, yet cells
      of the variant still test positively for the SV40-specific nuclear T-antigen. The
      variant exercises growth control, although not as stringently as do normal cells.
      Its cell size more closely resembles that of normal cells than of transformed
      cells. The variant also exhibits levels of spontaneous agglutination that are in
      line with those characteristic of the normal cells from which it was derived, and
      far higher than corresponding values for cells exhibiting the fully transformed
      phenotype. Plasma membranes of variant cells more closely resemble those of
      transformed cells than of normal cells as estimated by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Perhaps the most distinguishing characteristic of the
      transformed variant is its complete immunity to agglutination by concanavalin A
      (Con A), even at concentrations of the lectin as high as 500 mug/ml. Moreover,
      trypsinization does not render variant cells as agglutinable in the presence of
      Con A as are untreated fully transformed cells. By contrast the variant displays
      a low tolerance of Con A toxicity, as monitored by ability to grow after
      treatment with the lectin, and on this count resembles transformed cells.
      Moreover a survey of several normal cell lines has revealed that even they do not
      consistently show resistance to Con A toxicity. These observations indicate that
      Con A-mediated agglutination and inability to grow after treatment with Con A are
      quite independent and do not bear a cause and effect relationship.

PMID- 169269
TI  - The permeability of muscle capillaries to horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The main objective of this study was to determine the pathways by which
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can cross the endothelium of muscle capillaries. 
      Specimens of mouse diaphragm were fixed for cytochemical analysis at various
      intervals after intervenous injection of 0.5 mg HRP, at 4 min after intervenous
      injection of varied amounts of HRP, and at 4 min after intervenous injections in
      various volumes of isotonic NaCl.  Our findings indicate that endothelial
      junctions serve as a barrier which may allow passage of very limited amounts of
      HRP.  They also suggest that endothelial vesicles transfer HRP from the capillary
      lumen to the pericapillary interstitium as well as in the reverse direction. 
      Increasing the volume of solution injected to approximately 30% of total blood
      volume did not increase the amount of HRP that left the capillary lumen.  Our
      results with HRP do not provide clearcut evidence that endothelial junctions are
      the site of the small pore.

PMID- 169271
TI  - The growth of the pollen tube wall in Oenothera organensis.
AB  - The growth of the pollen tube wall of Oenothera is effected by the expulsion of
      fibrillar material from the cytoplasm into the developing wall. This material may
      also be seen in the cytoplasm, contained in membrane-bound vesicles. It is not
      clear how the content of the vesicles is discharged, but it appears not to
      involve the participation of microtubules. The source of the cytoplasmic
      fibrillar bodies depends upon the stage of development of the pollen tube. The
      earilest growth is derived from the inclusion into the wall of vesicles
      containing pre-formed materials present in the grain on pollination. During the
      next stage of growth the wall is derived from the content of double-membraned
      inclusions also present in the pollen. The content of the former vesicles is not
      so similar to the wall as the latter, but intermediates between the 2 types of
      vesicle may be seen in the cytoplasm, indicating that the former are formed from
      the latter. Most of the tube wall is derived from the products of dictyosomes in
      the pollen grain or tube. These dicytosomes are few in number and they must be
      exceedingly active. This, and the observation that dictyosome vesicles are
      frequently associated with banked complexes of mitochondria, indicates that some
      steps in the metabolism of the vesicular content, perhaps phosphorylation, take
      place distant from the dicytosomes. These different sources of fibrillar material
      presumably permit the rapid starting of tube growth, without any attendant
      metabolism. However, it would be impossible to include enough pre-formed wall
      material in the grain to enable the full growth of the tube, so once started, it
      seems that the tube then relies on the elaboration of simple reserves for the
      contruction of its wall. These reserves are likely to be held in the pollen, and
      may be the large numbers of starch grains characteristic of the pollen cytoplasm.

PMID- 169272
TI  - Conversion of secopenicillanic acid derivatives into beta-lactam sulphimides and
      oxazolines.

PMID- 169273
TI  - Paper electrophoretic behavior of cyclic-3',5'-AMP, 5'-AMP and 5'-ATP.

PMID- 169274
TI  - The separation of a wide range of drugs of abuse by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 169275
TI  - Determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk at the parts per trillion level.

PMID- 169276
TI  - High speed liquid-solid chromatography of phenothiazines using columns packed
      with spherosil porous silica beads.
AB  - Spherosil, a spherical porous silica, has been investigated for use in high speed
      liquid-solid chromatography and compared to Lichrosorb Si-60, using three
      phenothiazines as test solutes. Particle size distribution for four different
      size ranges with nominal mean diameters of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mu m is given.
      Distribution is very homogeneous. Columns from 15 to 100 cm in length and 1/4 or
      1/8 in.o.d. have been prepared and efficiency measured by determination of HETP
      with the three phenothiazines: [methylamino-3-propyl]-10-chloro-3-phenothiazine
      [k' = 3]; [N-methyl-N-[dimethylamino-3-propyl]amino-3-propyl]-10-chloro-3
      phenothiazine [k' = 6.5]; and [dimethylamino-3-propyl]-10-chloro-3-phenothiazine
      N-oxide [k' = 15]. Influence of column length and incidence of bead diameter have
      been studied. 1/4 in.o.d. columns are easier to fill than 1/8 in.o.d. columns for
      Spherosil 5 mu m and have, therefore, a greater efficiency. HETP, H, varies
      according to flow rate as H = DVn with 0.4 less than n less than 0.6 and
      according to particle size ad H = A d beta p with 1.7 less than beta less than
      1.8. The best figures for H are between 0.1 or 0.2 mm for a flow rate of 1800 ml
      hr-1  cm-2 [k' = 15]. The separation of a mixture of 6 phenothiazines with the
      mobile phase, anhydrous ethyl acetate 60 V, water saturated ethyl acetate 20 V,
      anhydrous methanol 20 V, 33% aqueous solution of ethylamine 0.25 V, is given. Its
      duration is 20 min. instead of 90 min. by thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 169277
TI  - Maintenance dialysis for diabetic nephropathy with uremia.

PMID- 169278
TI  - Urinary and plasma cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in patients with
      idiopathic edema.
AB  - Urinary excretion and plasma concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate were
      determined in idiopathic edema patients both at rest and after assumption of the
      upright position. Patients and normal subjects responded similarly to upright
      posture with decreases in urinary volume and creatine excretion and their urinary
      excretion of cyclic AMP was not significantly different. The plasma concentration
      of cyclic AMP was high in patients, both in the recumbent and upright positions,
      and its renal clearance (unlike that of creatinine) was low. Plasma cyclic AMP
      increased in response to upright posture both in patients and normal subjects.
      Even if the significance of elevated plasma cyclic AMP is unknown, its presence
      without an increase in urinary cyclic AMP suggests that the renal handling of
      cyclic AMP is abnormal is idiopathic edema; this may be related to an excessive
      beta-adrenergic tone.

PMID- 169279
TI  - A radioreceptor assay for evaluation of the plasma glucocorticoid activity of
      natural and synthetic steroids in man.
AB  - An assay for plasma glucocorticoid activity has been developed using specific
      glucocorticoid receptors. Unlike other assays for cortisol and certain synthetic
      corticosteroids, this radioreceptor assay measures the glucocorticoid activity of
      all natural an synthetic steroids. Steroids extracted from as little as 0.05 ml
      of plasma are incubated with 3H-dexamethasone and cytosol receptors from cultured
      rat hepatome cells. From 0.5 to 50 ng of cortisol are accurately detected.
      Glucocorticoid activities of adult determined by the assay correlate closely with
      corticoid levels obtained in the CBG-isotope and fluorometric assays. Other
      steroids are measured in proportion to both concentration and potency as
      glucocorticoids. Relative activities include: cortisol 100, dexamethasone 940,
      prednisolone 230, prednisone 3, estradiol 1 and androstenedione 1. A similar
      ranking of steroids was found using receptors from a human source (fetal lung).
      The assay has been useful in detecting glucocorticoid activity in unidentified
      medications and in measuring plasma glucocorticoid levels after administration of
      synthetic corticosteroids. A modification of the assay is described for also
      estimating the level of free (unbound) glucocorticoid activity in plasma. Assays
      are performed before and after removal by charcoal of steroids not bound to
      plasma transcortin. This consideration is shown to be particularly important with
      prednisolone where the unbound steroid level is much less than the total. Thus,
      the radioreceptor assay provides a relatively simple technique for measuring the
      total of free plasma of glucocorticoid activity in man due to any natural or
      synthetic steroid or combination of steroids.

PMID- 169280
TI  - Skeletal resistance to endogenous parathyroid hormone in pateints with early
      renal failure. A possible cause for secondary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Studies were carried out to evaluate whether skeletal resistance to acute
      increments in endogenous parathyroid hormone exists in patients with mild to
      moderate renal insufficiency. Hypocalcemia was induced with the infusion of ethyl
      enediamine-tetra-acetate (EDTA) in 10 normal subjects and 13 patients with mild
      renal failure. After the induction of hypocalcemia, the concentration of serum
      calcium increased gradually and reached preinfusion levels by 22 h in the normal
      subjects; in contrast, the levels of serum calcium in patients with mild renal
      insufficiency were significantly lower than the preinfusion values even at the
      end of 26 h following the EDTA infusion. This delayed recovery occurred despite
      significantly higher levels of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) in
      the patients than in the normal subjects. The increase in the levels of IPTH
      reflect elevations in the concentrations of biologically active hormone since
      urinary cyclic AMP increased significantly. Urinary calcium excretion following
      the EDTA infusion was not different in both groups and, therefore, could not
      account for the delayed recovery of serum calcium values in the patients with
      renal insufficiency. These results indicate that secondary hyperparathyroidism
      exists early in patients with renal failure and such patients have exaggerated
      parathyroid hormone secretion in response to acute hypocalcemia. The data are
      consistent with the concept that skeletal resistance to increments in endogenous
      parathyroid hormone is present in such patients. This abnormality is, at least
      partly, responsible for the hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism of
      renal insufficiency.

PMID- 169281
TI  - Effects of progestins on estradiol receptor levels in human endometrium.
AB  - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera) was administered orally during 2-4 days to
      women undergoing endometrial curettage during the follicular phase of the
      menstrual cycle. Estradiol (E2) receptor levels were estimated from the amounts
      of 2H-E2 tightly bound in nuclei after incubation of endometrial tissue with an
      excess of the labeled hormone. An average value (9 subjects) of 1.5 pmole E2/mg
      DNA +/- 0.7 (mean +1- SD) was found. This value is significantly lower than the
      average E2 receptor levels in proliferative endometrium of untreated subjects
      (3.2 +/- 1.3, n = 33) and equals the level observed in the early secretory phase
      (1.5 +/- 0.5, n = 5). These results indicate that one of the progestin effects on
      human endometrium is the reduction of E2 receptor levels.

PMID- 169282
TI  - Evidence for partial 21-hydroxylase deficiency among heterozygote carriers of
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - Concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone are significantly greater in
      heterozygous carriers of CVAH than in controls 30 and 60 minutes after an
      infusion of 25 units of synthetic ACTH 1-24 and 2 hours after beginning a 4-hour
      infusion of 50 units ACTH. The majority of carriers were clearly above the
      control range at these collection times. Hence, heterozygous carriers have a
      partial enzyme deficiency although all cannot be diagnosed based on 17
      hydroxyprogesterone levels after ACTH stimulation.

PMID- 169283
TI  - Pattern of plasma ACTH, hGH, and cortisol during menstrual cycle.
AB  - The pattern of secretion of plasma ACTH, hGH, TSH, LH, FSH and cortisol was
      studied in 12 menstrual cycles, representing 5 normal volunteers. Results were
      plotted by taking the LH-FSH midcycle peak as day 0. The typical menstrual cyclic
      LH and FSH pattern was observed in each case. ACTH, cortisol and hGH varied
      significantly throughout the menstrual cycle. ACTH was characterized by a
      decrease during the follicular phase, a nadir at day -2, followed by a
      significant increase to a peak at day 0, then a subsequent decrease and constant
      levels during the luteal phase until day +8. Cortisol was lowest in the
      follicular phase until day -4, and highest from day -2 to day 0. During the
      luteal phase, cortisol remained constant but was significantly higher than in the
      follicular phase (days -7 to -4). hGH showed a significant increase during the
      periovulatory period (days -3 to +3). No significant changes of plasma TSH were
      observed. These results suggest that pituitary hormones other than gonadotropins
      may be involved in the ovulatory mechanism, and reveal a degree of stimulation of
      the pituitary-adrenal axis without establishing whether the effect is direct or
      indirect.

PMID- 169284
TI  - Radioreceptor assay of insulin: Comparison of plasma and pancreatic insulins and
      proinsulins.
AB  - Porcine proinsulin, related intermediates and plasma immunoreactive insulin
      components have been studied by radioreceptor assay. Using the purified rat liver
      membrane or cultured human lymphocyte radioreceptor assay, porcine proinsulin is
      %5, split proinsulin 6% (54-55 split in connecting peptide) desdipeptide
      proinsulin 20% (deletion of amino acids 62 and 63 of connecting peptide) and
      desnonapeptide proinsulin 27% (deletion of amino acids 55-63 of connecting
      peptide) as active as porcine insulin in both assay systems; these values closely
      parallel the in vitro bioactivity of these preparations. In the lymphocyte
      radioreceptor assay the human plasma immunoreactive insulin-like component has
      the same potency as porcine insulin per immunoreactive unit, whereas the plasma
      immunoreactive proinsulin-like component is only 15% as active. Since both plasma
      immunoreactive components are somewhat less reactive than would be expected from
      puriified human insulin and proinsulin, the data suggest that both plasma
      components contain immunoreactive molecules that do not react in the
      radioreceptor assay.

PMID- 169285
TI  - Potentiation of adrenocortical response upon intermittent stimulation with
      corticotropin in normal subjects.
AB  - Modifications of adrenocortical steroidogenic response to ACTH as a consequence
      of acute prior exposure to this hormone, were studied in 106 normal subjects
      divided in 15 experimental groups. Adrenocortical response was assessed by the
      changes in plasma cortisol level and in urinary excretion of cortisol, 17
      ketogenic and 17-ketosteroids; in some experiments plasma 11-deoxycortisol,
      corticosterone, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were determined as well,
      together with urinary excretion of the unconjugated form of 11-deoxycortisol and
      corticosterone. Slow (8-h) intravenous administration of ACTH in amounts
      producing maximal response, leaves the adrenal cortex in a hyperresponsive state
      in case of further stimulation for up to 3 days, while the adrenocortical
      secretion comes back to baseline in the meantime. This potentiation phenomenon
      seems to concern essentially cortisol secretion since, among the compounds
      measured only cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol secretions increased progressively in
      amplitude when ACTH was administered repeatedly. Futhermore the degree of ACTH
      induced adrenocortical hyperresponsiveness was found to depend on the amount of
      ACTH injected and on the time during which the adrenal cells are exposed to high
      peptide hormone concentrations. Increased adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH
      persists when endogenous corticotropin secretion was suppressed for a few days by
      dexamethasone in normal subjects. Thus the potentiation phenomenon is not
      critically dependent on continued exposure of adrenal cells to endogenous
      corticotropin.

PMID- 169286
TI  - Radioreceptor-inactive growth hormone associated with stimulated secretion in
      normal subjects.
AB  - We have previously reported systematic discrepancies between radioreceptor (RRA)
      and radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurements of growth hormone (hGH) in acromegalic
      patients. Due to limitations in RRA sensitivity, such comparisons could not be
      made in normal subjects. RRA methodology has now been adapted to allow detection
      of hGH at normal circulating levels. Since variations in Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++,
      incubation at 37 C and 4 C, and delayed tracer addition failed to improve assay
      sensitivity, specimen size was increased to 300 mul and incubation volume to 1.5
      ml, while holding the quantity of added receptor constant. Best assay
      sensitivity, in room temperature incubations in 25 mM Tris for 16 h at pH 7.6 and
      10 mM Ca++, was 0.66 +/- 0.30 ng hGH per ml serum. Under these conditions, 200
      mug hepatic receptor protein bount 15.8 +/- 0.83% of added 125I-hGH, and 8.72 +/-
      0.85% of bound tracer was displaced by 0.25 ng added unlabeled hGH. Nonspecific
      depression of binding by serum did not impair assay sensitivity with most
      receptor preparations. The basal hGH measured by RIA (antiserum 68-416) in a
      group of normal short children was 1.97 ng/ml, similar to the RRA result, 1.89
      ng/ml (P = NS). Comparative measurements were also made in selected samples of
      sufficient volume during the 1 1/2 h following administration of hGH
      secretagogues (insulin, arginine, L-dopa). In these samples, the RIA value was
      9.34 +/- 0.68 and the RRA value 6.29 +/- 0.62 ng/ml (P less than 0.01); the
      RIA/RRA was 1.77 +/- 0.18. Thus, no significant measurement discrepancy was found
      in basal samples from normal subjects, in contrast to previous findings in
      acromegalics. The appearance of such a discrepancy within 90 min after
      stimulation of hGH might be due to RIA/RRA discordance in secreted molecular
      subspecies, or might arise from peripheral hGH metabolism.

PMID- 169287
TI  - Circulating NSILA-s in man: Preliminary studies of stimuli in vivo and of binding
      to plasma components.
AB  - The insulin-like peptide NSILA-s (non-suppressible insulin-like activity soluble
      in acid ethanol) was measured in plasma using gel filtration in acid and a new
      radioreceptor assay. Total plasma NSILA-s levels, which are elevated in some
      patients with extrapancreatic tumors and hypoglycemia, were also found to be
      elevated in pregnancy. Patients with hypopituitarism had subnormal concentrations
      of total plasma NSILA-s which rose promptly and reached a peak 1 h after
      intravenous hGH. In contrast ot this acute stimulus, chronic elevation of hGH
      resulted in an elevated level of NSILA-s in only 1 of 10 acromegalics. In normal
      subjects, oral glucose loading resulted in a rise in NSILA-s (mean peak equals
      151% of basal) while insulin induced hypoglycemia produced a small and variable
      fall. Among the other conditions studied, anorexia nervosa was associated with
      low levels of NSILA-s. Using gel filtration we found that at physiologic pH about
      93% of endogenous NSILA-s is reversibly bound to larger molecules. We show that
      in normal adults the insulin-like bioactivity in plasma due to free NSILA-s in
      the basal state is equal to that exerted by insulin itself, and that the free
      NSILA-s in the circulation of patients with extra-pancreatic tumors approximates
      the elevated level of insulin in patients with insulin-secreting pancreatic
      tumors.

PMID- 169288
TI  - The effect of iodized oil on the TSH response to TRH in endemic goiter patients.
AB  - The TSH and T3 response to synthetic TRH was evaluated in 4 groups of patients:
      normal controls and goitrous subjects from the urban area of Sao Paulo (urinary
      iodine excretion: 172.2 +/- 48.3 mug I/g creatinine) and nongoitrous and goitrous
      subjects from the endemic areas of Sao Bento (urinary iodine excretion: 53.8 +/-
      17.1 mug I/g). Plasma T4 and T3 were within our normal range in all groups of
      patients. The mean plasma TSH was significantly higher (5.2 +/- 3.3 muU/ml) in
      goitrous subjects living in Sao Bento as compared to normal control groups both
      in urban or endemic areas, and after TRH these patients had an exaggerated and
      sustained TSH response with a significantly higher peak level (21.1 +/- 7.9
      muU/ml). T3 concentration rose in all subjects following TRH and all patients
      from the Sao Bento endemic areas had a significantly higher proportionate
      increase in plasma T3 at 120 min. After an injection of iodized oil basal plasma
      TSH returned to the normal range in the goitrous subjects from Sao Bento. The
      mean peak TSH response to TRH was 9.1 +/- 3.8 muU/ml at 3 months after the
      iodized oil injection, and only at 6 months after the iodized oil TSH response
      was significantly reduced (peak level: 6.1 +/- 2.4 muU/ml). It is confirmed that
      plasma TSH levels are increased in endemic goitrous patients but not in normal
      controls living in the same endemic area and it is suggested that the pituitary
      threshold for inhibition of secretion of TSH by T4 and T3 has been reset in these
      goitrous subjects to achieve a persistently higher secretion rate of TSH.

PMID- 169289
TI  - Effect of the diphosphonate EHDP on bone mineral metabolism during prolonged bed
      rest.
AB  - The effect of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDPTM) on bone
      mineral metabolism was tested in 4 healthy young men during 20 weeks of
      continuous bed rest. Two subjects received an oral dose of 5 mg/kg/day and the
      other 2 20 mg/kg/day. The low dose had two minor effects: the increase in bone
      accretion rate which usually occurs during bed rest was prevented, and there was
      an accentuation of the bed rest induced increase in hydroxyproline excretion.
      Skeletal mineral loss, assessed by calcium balance measurements and gamma ray
      absorptiometry of the calcaneus, occurred at the rate previously noted in
      untreated control subjects. Two types of drug effect were apparent at the higher
      dosage: one was immediate and sustained--a rise in serum phosphorus concentration
      and a fall in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The other was delayed and
      progressive--a decline in urinary hydroxyproline excretion and in the rates of
      bone accretion and resorption. Skeletal mineral loss may have been affected; the
      usual negative mineral balance developed during the first half of the study, then
      disappeared during the last few weeks. However, gamma ray absorptiometry revealed
      no attenuation of the calcaneal mineral losses.

PMID- 169290
TI  - Increase in numbers of gonadotropin receptors on granulosa cells during follicle
      maturation.
AB  - The binding of both human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human luteinizing
      hormone (hLH) to a homogeneous population of isolated intact granulosa cells from
      increasingly mature porcine ovaan follicles has been studied. The number of
      receptor sites per granulosa cell increases 35-fold as the follicle enlarges,
      although cell size remains constant. This may explain the increased biologic
      responsiveness to gonadotropin of mature cells from large follicles. The affinity
      for both hormones, as determined by equilibrium dissociation constants, is high,
      and does not appear to change significantly as the cells mature. Comparison of
      dissociation constants, numbers of binding sites, and competitive inhibition
      between hCH and hLH, indicates that these two hormones probably interact with the
      same receptor on the granulosa cells.

PMID- 169291
TI  - A radioreceptor assay for follicle-stimulating hormone.
AB  - A highly specific and sensitive radioreceptor assay for FSH has been developed,
      using partially purified plasma membranes from bovine testes. Highly purifed hFSH
      was radioiodinated by the lactoperoxidase method. The limit of detection of
      purified hFSH was 1 ng/ml on the basis of 2 times standard deviation of the zero
      value. The assay was applicable for measurements of FSH in serum; however, the
      sensitivity decreased slightly to 2.5 ng/ml. The precision of the assay was less
      than +/- 10% within-assays and +/- 15% between-assays as expressed by the
      coefficient of variation. The assay was highly specific for FSH of various
      species. Slight inhibition of uptake of 125I-hFSH was observed with LH and TSH;
      but no competition was seen with 10,000 ng/ml of insulin, prolactin, hGH, hCG,
      and subunits of LH. Purified hFSH (LER-1575C) was measured to be 200 times the
      potency of the reference FSH/LH (LER-907); and purified ovine FSH (LER-1491) and
      rat FSH (FSH-I-1) were estimated to be 35 times and 71 times that of oFSH-S-1
      (NIH), respectively. The content of FSH in human pituitary was estimated to be
      226.8 +/- 118.8 mIU/mg, and the index of discrimination
      (radioimmunoassay/radioreceptor assay) for pituitary FSH was demonstrated to be
      1.71 +/- 0.49. For measurements of serum hFSH, the index of discrimination
      (radioimmunoassay/radioreceptor assay) was demonstrated to be 1.08 +/- 0.20.

PMID- 169292
TI  - ACTH and prostaglandin receptors in human adrenocortical tumors. Apparent
      modification of a specific component of the ACTH-binding site.
AB  - The failure of certain adrenal tumors to respond to ACTH was investigated in vivo
      be administration of corticotropin-(1-24)-tetracosapeptide (ACTH1-24) and
      dexamethasone and in vitro by studying the binding properties of ACTH1-24 and
      prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and their effect on adenylate cyclase activity of the
      tumors' crude membranes; in addition, in five cases the stimulation of cortisol
      production in isolated adrenal cells by both hormones and dibuttyryl cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) was also studied. The results obtained in 13
      hormone-producing tumors of the human adrenal cortex, i.e. 10 carcinomas and 3
      adenomas, were compared with those found in normal human adrenal glands.
      According to the adenylate cyclase responses to ACTH1-24 and PGE1, the tumors
      fall into different categories. In the first group are six rumors in which the
      adenylate cyclase was stimulated by both ACTH1-24 and PGE; in addition specific
      binding could be demonstrated for the two hormones in all six. The binding
      affinity for 125I-ACTH1-24 was found to be about 10 times higher than that for
      125I-ACTH11-24. In the one tumor in which the experiment was performed, bound
      125I-ACTH1-24 was displaced by ACTH1-10. These results are similar to the ones
      found in normal human adrenal preparations. For two rumors of the group in which
      ACTH did not increase steroidogenesis in vivo, the biochemical abnormality might
      be located beyond cAMP formation. A second group encompasses six tumors in which
      the steroidogenesis in vivo and the adenylate cyclase activity were insensitive
      to ACTH1-24 but in which the enzyme was stimulated by PGE1 and NaF. However,
      these preparations bound 125I-ACTH1-24 and 125I-ACTH11-24, the binding affinity
      being similar for both peptides but 10 times lower than the one found in normal
      adrenal cortex for 125I-ACTH1-24. In the only case of this group where it was
      tested, ACTH1-10 did not displace bound 125I-ACTH1-24. This result strongly
      suggests the possibility of a modification or a loss of the receptor site that
      binds the N-terminal sequency (1-10) of ACTH, the biologically active part of the
      molecule. In the last tumor, both PGE1 and ACTH were unable to stimulate
      adenylate cyclase activity and steroid production in a preparation of isolated
      adrenal cells, although steroidogenesis was stimulated by dibutyryl though
      steroidogenesis was stimulated by dibutyryl cAMP. No specific binding for PGE1
      could be demonstrated. However, 125I-ACTH1-24 and 125I-ACTH11-24 were found to be
      bound to the tumor with the same affinity.

PMID- 169293
TI  - The role of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in phagocytosis-associated
      oxidative metabolic reactions.
AB  - The contribution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and one of its unstable
      intermediates, superoxide anion (O2), to the oxidative reactions that occur in
      phagocytizing leukocytes was explored by depleting these cells of O2. This was
      accomplished by allowing them to phagocytize latex particles coated with
      superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the generation of H2O2 from O2.
      Although the rate and extent of phagocytosis of latex coated with bovine serum
      albumin was similar to latex coated with SOD, the rate of oxygen consumption,
      [14C]formate oxidation, [1-14C]glucose oxidation, and iodination of zymosan
      particles was significantly enhanced by SOD. In contrast, the rate and extent of
      reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was diminished by 60%. These studies
      indicate that the majority of NBT reduction by leukocytes is due to O2, whereas
      stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt and iodination of ingested
      particles requires H2O2 generated from the increased reduction of oxygen by
      phagocytizing leukocytes.

PMID- 169294
TI  - Characterization of remnants produced during the metabolism of triglyceride-rich
      lipoproteins of blood plasma and intestinal lymph in the rat.
AB  - The metabolism of intravenously injected large and small chylomicrons from
      intestinal lymph and of very low density lipoproteins from blood plasma was
      studied in functionally eviscerated "supradiaphragmetic" rats. For studies with
      lymph lipoproteins, recipient animals were injected with 4-amino
      pyrazolopyrimidine 18 h before injection of lipoprotein to prevent secretion of
      very low density lipoproteins into their blood plasma. In all cases, most of the
      triglycerides (labeled with 14C) were rapidly metabolized, whereas cholesteryl
      esters (labeled with 3H) persisted in the blood. Most of the cholesteryl esters
      remained in smaller "remnant" lipoproteins, less dense that 1.006, which retained
      an apparently spherical shape, as determined by electron microscopy of negatively
      stained preparations. Whereas the diameters and chemical compositions of large
      chylomicrons were substantially different from those of small chylomicrons and
      very low density lipoproteins, all remnants were similar in these respects.
      Average remnant diameters were 400-600 A and remnants were enriched in
      cholesteryl esters and in protein insoluble in tetramethylurea. In addition to
      triglycerides, remnants were depleted of phospholiarticle size, the composition
      of remnants, like that of their precursors, was consistent with the
      "pseudomicellar" model of lipoproteins, in which a core of nonpolar lipids is
      covered by a monolayer of polar lipids and protein. These results domonstrate the
      fundamental similarity of the initial step in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich
      lipoproteins from intestinal mucosa and liver and show that loss of triglycerides
      from the core of the particles is accompanied by removal of polar components from
      the surface.

PMID- 169295
TI  - Cryoimmunoglobulinemia in rheumatoid arthritis. Significance in serum of patients
      with rheumatoid vasculitis.
AB  - Cryogloculins were examined in a standardized manner in an unselected group of 35
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 8 patients with RA complicated by
      cutaneous vasuclitis and neuropathy. Optimum conditions for detection and
      characterization of cryoglobulins were established; the proportion of
      resolubilized to total precipitable protein remained constant in an individual
      patient under these conditions. All 8 vascultis patients and 9 of 35 other
      patients with RA exhibited cryoglobulins; total protein and immunoglobin content
      were significantly higher in the cryoglobulins of patients with vasculitis.
      Immunoglobulins G and M constituted two-thirds and three-quarters of the total
      protein in the cryoglobulins from uncomplicated rheumatoid and vasculitis
      patients, respectively. Serum antiglobulin titers were higher, and serum C3
      levels were lower, in vasculitis patients compared to rheumatoid patients without
      vasclitis. Anti-gamma globulin activity was detected in all cryoglobulins from
      vasculitis patients. Cryoglobulin IgG and IgM were polyclonal. Density gradient
      analyses demonstrated the majority of the cryoglobulin activity to reside in the
      19S IgM fraction. There was no evidence of a light weight (8S) IgM. A monoclonal
      rheumatoid factor did not detect 7S-ANTI-7S complexes in the cryoprecipitates,
      but acid eluates from some cryoglobulins absorbed with insoluble IgG revealed an
      antiglobulin of the IgG class. Serial studies performed on vasculitis patients
      treated with cyclophosphamide disclosed a relationship between clinical evidence
      of vasculitis and the presence of cryoglobulins. The antigen (IgG) and antibody
      (largely IgM rheumatoid factor) nature of these cryglobulins is presented as
      evidence that the widespread vascular complications of RA are mediated, at least
      in part, by circulating immune complexes.

PMID- 169296
TI  - Insulin receptor deficiency in genetic and acquired obesity.
AB  - We have previously shown that in the insulin-resistant obese hyperglycemic mouse
      (ob/ob) there is a deficiency in the number of insulin receptor sites on
      hepatocytes, adipocytes, and thymic lymphocytes. We now find that concentration
      of insulin receptors on liver plasma membranes is decreased in the db/db mouse,
      another form of inherited obesity, and in normal mice that became obese after
      treatment with gold thioglucose, while thin mice, heterozygous for the ob
      mutation (ob/+), have normal insulin binding. With acute and chronic food
      restriction of the ob/ob and gold thioglucose obese mice, there is reduction in
      hyperinsulinemia and an associated increase in the insulin receptor concentration
      toward normal. In contrast, when fasting ob/ob mice were given exogenous insulin
      to maintain the hyperinsulinemia, insulin receptors failed to increase. Thus, in
      all cases, there was a consistent relationship between the degree of
      hyperinsulinemia and of insulin receptor loss. These findings suggest that
      decreased insulin binding is a characteristic feature of the insulin resistance
      of obesity, and that sustained hyperinsulinemia is a major factor in the control
      of the concentration of insulin receptors on target cells.

PMID- 169297
TI  - Effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae enterotoxin on intestinal transport in the rat.
AB  - The effects on intestinal transport of either a semipurified preparation of
      enterotoxin elaborated by Klebsiella pneumoniae or similaryly prepared control
      material were tested by marker perfusion studies in the small intestine of rats.
      At a concentration of 2 mg/ml, the enterotoxin produced net secretion of water,
      Na, and Cl in both jejunal and ileal segments; HCO3 transport was not affected.
      Net secretion was evident within 30 min after intorduction of the toxin and was
      maximal after 90 min. The addition of 56 mM glucose to the enterotoxin-containing
      perfusion fluid resulted in reversal of water and Na transport to net absorption
      in both intestinal segments. The enterotoxin also produced a significant
      depression of xylose absorption in both the jejunum and ileum but did not affect
      the absorption of either glucose or L-leucine. Intestinal structure was not
      altered after perfusion of the toxin but insillation of approximately one-quarter
      of the total perfusion dose into a ligated jejunal loop for 18 h produced fluid
      secretion and structural abnormalities. These observations confirm the fact that
      other species of coliform bacteria in addition to tescherichia coli are capable
      of elaborating an enterotoxin. Such species commonly contaminate the small
      intestine of persons with tropical sprue and it is suggested that chronic
      exposure of the intestinal mucosa to the enterotoxin elaborated by these bacteria
      may be a factor in the pathogenesis of intestinal abnormalities in thid disorder.

PMID- 169299
TI  - The dental management of a patient with surdo-cardiac syndrome: report of a case.

PMID- 169300
TI  - Letter: The transcendental meditation technic.

PMID- 169298
TI  - Thrombin-induced protein phosphorylation in human platelets.
AB  - Intact human platelets loaded with 32PO4 contain multiple phosphorylated
      proteins. Thrombin treatment of intact 32PO4-loaded platelets results in a 2-6
      fold increase in phosphorylation of a platelet protein (designated "peak 7"
      protein) of approximately 40,000 mol wt as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. A
      similar increase in phosphorylation was observed in a platelet protein
      (designated "peak 9" protein) of approximately 20,000 mol wt. The time for half
      maximal phosphorylation of peak 7 and peak 9 protein was 10-14 s. The
      concentration of thrombin at half-maximal phosphorylation was 0.25 U/ml for both
      proteins. Prior incubation of platelets with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate or prostaglandin E1 inhibited thrombin-induced peak 7 and peak 9
      protein phosphorylation. The erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin of Phaseolus
      vulgaris, a non-proteolytic release-inducing agent, induced peak 7 and peak 9
      protein phosphorylation. Thus, the characteristics of peak 7 and peak 9 protein
      phosphorylation are similar to those of the platelet release reaction, suggesting
      that the phosphorylation of these proteins may play a role in the platelet
      release reaction. When platelet sonicates or the supernatant fraction from
      platelet sonicates were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP there was phosphorylation
      of both peak 7 and peak 9 proteins. This phosphorylation was unaffected by either
      added thrombin or adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) despite the
      presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. Thus,
      the thrombin-dependent phosphorylation depends upon intact platelets. When the
      supernatant fraction from platelet sonicates was fractionated by histone
      Sepharose affinity chromatography, two distinct protein kinase enzymes were
      resolved, one a cAMP-dependent holoenzyme and the other a cAMP-independent
      enzyme. The isolated cAMP-dependent enzyme fraction catalyzed the cAMP-(but not
      thrombin-) stimulated phosphorylation of a protein that co-electrophoresed with
      peak 7 protein.

PMID- 169301
TI  - Letter: Reduction by a model of NAD(P)H. Effect of metal ion and stereochemistry
      on the reduction of alpha-keto esters by 1,4-dihydronicotinamide derivatives.

PMID- 169302
TI  - Copper(II) complex of sulfur-containing peptides. Characterization and similarity
      of electron spin resonance spectrum to the chromophore in blue copper proteins.

PMID- 169303
TI  - The significance of inhibitor-resistant alkaline phosphatase in the cytochemical
      demonstration of transport adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - The hydrolysis of disodium p-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH 9.0 by slices of
      formaldehydee-fixed rat renal cortex was investigated by colorimetric estimation
      of the nitrophenol liberated. It was found that three types of activity could be
      identified on the basis of their responses to inhibitors and cations: (a)
      alkaline phosphatase sensitive to inhibition by L-tetramisole; (b) potassium
      dependent phosphatase, probably identifiable with the phosphatase component of
      sodium-potassium-dependent transport adenosine triphosphatase (?Na-K-ATPase); and
      (c) alkaline phosphatase insensitive to L-tetramisole. It was found that in the
      presence of strontium ions, as used in Na-K-ATPase cytochemistry, the activities
      of the second and third types of enzyme were approximately equal. The
      implications of these findings for the cytochemical demonstration of Na-K-ATPase
      are discussed.

PMID- 169304
TI  - Use of the unlabeled antibody immunohistochemical technique for the detection of
      human antibody.
AB  - Two methods have been developed which permit use of the unlabeled antibody
      immunohistochemical technique for detection of human antibody, without the need
      for immunization of humans with peroxidase. Human antibody to herpes simplex
      virus (HSV) reacted with human cell cultures infected with HSV was the
      experimental system. In the first method an attempt was made to employ rabbit
      peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) soluble complexes in connectin with human
      antibody. This was done by sequential addition to the HSV-infected cells of (a)
      human anti-HSV, (b) rabbit antihuman globulin, (c) guinea pig antirabbit globulin
      (the bridging reagent) and (d) rabbit PAP. Strong specific staining of HSV
      infected cells was obtained; however, difficulties were encountered with
      nonspecific reactions on uninfected cells. In the second method PAP soluble
      complexes prepared with baboon antiperoxidase were bridged to the human anti-HSV
      antibody by rabbit antihuman globulin. Because of the phylogenetic relatedness of
      human and baboon globulins this resulted in firm binding which gave strong
      specific staining of HSV-infected cells without significant reaction in
      uninfected cells.

PMID- 169305
TI  - Letter to the editor: Effects of extremely low concentrations of glutaraldehyde
      together with shortening of fixation times on the maintenance of various enzyme
      activities.

PMID- 169307
TI  - Infections with cytomegalovirus in bone marrow transplantation: report of a
      workshop.

PMID- 169306
TI  - Epidermal activity of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in psoriasis during
      treatment with dithranol.
AB  - The activity of ICDH(NAD) was measured in subcorneal and basal epidermal layers
      in 8 patients with psoriasis and in 7 healthy controls treated once a day with
      0.15% dithranol in white petrolatum for 2 weeks. Skin biopsies were taken before
      and on days 2, 6, and 14 of the treatment. Lowry's microtechniques were used in
      conjunction with a bioluminescent system (bacterial luciferase) for enzymatic
      assays. The enzymic activity could be related to the type of keratinization
      present in the stratum corneum overlying the epidermal areas under study. In
      orthokeratotic areas from the controls, in noninvolved, and in treated involved
      skin the activity was low. In parakeratotic areas, as found in treated
      noninvolved and in involved psoriatic skin, the enzymic activity was increased to
      a level at least twice that found in orthokeratosis. Since ICDH(NAD) activity
      reflects an aspect of mitochondrial function, the results suggest that
      mitochondrial activity may be important in control of keratinization.

PMID- 169308
TI  - Varicella-Zoster Immunoglobulins during Varicella, Latency, and Zoster.
AB  - Antibodies to membrane antigens of cells infected by varicella-zoster virus were
      detected by immunofluorescence. Rises in varicella-zoster IgA, IgG, and tigM were
      detected after both varicella and zoster. Prompt antibody responses were observed
      in patients with generalized zoster as well as in those with localized zoster. A
      delayed response was found, moreover, in one patient who did not develop
      disseminated disease. Antibody to varicella-zoster virus was detected in the sera
      of all three patients tested prior to and in all but one of 63 patients tested
      soon after onset of zoster. The level of varicella-zoster IgA and IgG rose in two
      of three immune patients after household exposure to infection with varicella
      zoster virus. Varicella-zoster IgG was detected in the cord blood of infants
      whose mothers were immune to varicella.

PMID- 169309
TI  - Spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae in families. II. Relation of transfer of S.
      pneumoniae to incidence of colds and serum antibody.
AB  - Factors that affect the spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the antibody
      responses associated with colonization were studied in 64 families for periods of
      eight to 52 weeks. Surveillance included daily recording of respiratory symptoms
      and bimonthly pharyngeal cultures for identification of the pneumococcal carrier
      state. Rhinovirus cultures were included for a portion of the study period.
      Intrafamilial carriage of a single type of S. pneumoniae and simultaneous spread
      to more than one family member were commonmspread often occurred in association
      with an upper respiratory tract infection; simultaneous transmission of S.
      pneumoniae and a rhinovirus was documented. Preexisting, type-specific serum
      antibody did not prevent acquisition of homotypic S. pneumoniae but did appear to
      shorten the duration of pharyngeal carriage. Sera of all 11 adults had greater
      than 150 ng of antibody nitrogen/ml of homotypic serum antibody (measured by a
      radioimmunoassay) before colonization. In contrast, only one of 13 preschool
      children had homotypic antibody concentrations of this magnitude before
      colonization. A threefold or greater rise in the concentration of homotypic
      antibody occurred in 13 of 24 children (54%) after acquisition of S. pneumoniae;
      the increase in antibody concentration was associated with illness in six of the
      children. On the other hand, acquisition of S. pneumoniae in adults was not
      associated with an increase in concentration of homotypic serum antibody.

PMID- 169310
TI  - Diseases and mechanisms of persistent DNA virus infection: latency and cellular
      transformation.

PMID- 169311
TI  - Experimental infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 in newborn rats: Effects
      of treatment with iododeoxyuridine and cytosine arabinoside.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated, within 36 hr of birth, with either of two
      strains of herpes simplex virus type 2. The effects of treatment for five days
      with either 5-iododeoxyuridine or cytosine arabinoside in near toxic doses were
      studied. Evaluation of treatment based on rate of survival, incidence of lesions,
      and isolation of virus from the central nervous system showed no appreciable
      difference between treated and untreated littermates. Drug-related effects of
      retardation of growth and defective development of the cerebellum and retina were
      found. The validity of therapy with either of these drugs in generalized herpetic
      infections is questioned because activity was minimal against the infecting agent
      even when the dosage of the drug was sufficient to produce serious defects in
      certain developing tissues.

PMID- 169312
TI  - Antiviral activity of adenine arabinoside and iododeoxyuridine in human fetal
      intestinal and tracheal organ cultures.
AB  - In vitro antiviral activities of two potentially clinically useful antiviral
      compounds, adenine arabinoside and iododeoxyuridine, were examined in human fetal
      intestinal and tracheal organ cultures infected with Herpesvirus hominis (types 1
      and 2) or vaccinia virus. The two compounds were similarly active against the
      viruses in organ culture, and minimal inhibitory concentrations could be
      determined by titration of organ culture fluid harvests into tissue culture or
      directly in the organ cultures themselves. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were
      consistently lower in tracheal than in  intestinal organ cultures and were
      consistently higher for H. hominis type 2 than for H. hominis type 1. Thus the
      organ cultures are promising systems in which to evaluate antiviral activity
      against those agents that replicate in vitro only in organ culture, and they may
      have particular application to the study of herpetic tracheitis and esophagitis.

PMID- 169314
TI  - [A case of Wilson's disease with hepatoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 169313
TI  - Immunofluorescent staining for the measurement of antibodies to Herpesvirus
      hominis.
AB  - Frozen sections of Herpesvirus hominis-inoculated mouse brain provide excellent
      antigens for indirect immunofluorescent staining of antibodies to H. hominis in
      serum. Indirect immunofluorescent staining is a rapid, sensitive, and
      reproducible method for the measurement of antibodies to H. hominis. The method
      can be applied to the clinical and epidemiological studies of H. hominis
      infections.

PMID- 169315
TI  - [A case of bronchial carcinoid with carcinoid syndrome (author transl)].

PMID- 169316
TI  - [Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma, a case report, electronmicroscopic findings and
      plasma HGH and ACTH levels (author's transl].

PMID- 169317
TI  - Variations in hybridization of RNA from different mouse tissues and embryos to
      endogenous C-type virus DNA transcripts.
AB  - Several adult tissues, newborns, and embryos of uninfected BALB/c mice were
      analysed for RNA complementary to [3H]-DNA transcripts synthesized from an
      endogenous type-C virus of BALB/c 3T3. The technique of RNA:DNA hybridization was
      used and the extent of hybridization was measured by the use of a single-strand
      specific nuclease (S-I), purified from Aspergillus oryzae. Virus-specific RNA was
      detected in all adult and embryonic tissues tested. However, the RNA extracted
      from tissues having higher proliferative activity, such as spleen, small
      intestine, uterus and embryos, hybridize the [3H]-DNA probe to a greater extent
      than the RNA from tissues with low proliferative activity, such as kidney and
      liver. These observations add further support to the view that the repression of
      the virus genome in normal cells is not complete, and suggest the existence of a
      correlation between a qualitative or quantitative change in the endogenous C-type
      virus genome transcription pattern and cell proliferation.

PMID- 169318
TI  - Genetic susceptibility of chicken times quail hybrid embryos to avian RNA tumour
      viruses.
AB  - An attempt was made to hybridize the chicken (Gallus domesticus) male with
      Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) female in order to study the genetic
      susceptibility of hybrid embryos to avian RNA tumour viruses of subgroups, A, B,
      D and E. In the hybrids the results supported the prevailing concept that
      susceptibility is dominant over resistance regardless of the dominant trait
      contributed by either parent. It was also observed that the Ie gene of the
      chicken was unable to suppress the 'quail-coded' susceptibility to subgroup E
      virus in the hybrid system, suggesting the lack of penetrance of the Ie gene.
      Despite the fact that some hybrids were resistant to viruses of subgroups B and
      D, they were susceptible to subgroup E virus, which was not expected on the basis
      of the concept that subgroup B-resistant cells cannot be E-susceptible. Also, the
      hybrids were susceptible to E virus regardless of gs antigen expression and
      presence of the Ie gene in the genome. This indicates that our earlier suggestion
      that the Ie gene is another expression of the gs antigen-determining gene is
      inconsistent.

PMID- 169319
TI  - Virus-specific proteins associated with the replication complex of poliovirus
      RNA.
AB  - The poliovirus replication complex was isolated and purified from infected HeLa
      S3 cells. Preparations with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity were
      concentrated 200- and 1000-fold with respect to the original virus and total
      protein content. The enzyme activity was found to be associated with the proteins
      NCVPI, 2, 3, 4, (5), 6 and VPl/NCVPx. The structural proteins VP2, 3 and 4 were
      not present. Addition of cycloheximide to infected cells resulted in a decrease
      in the in vitro polymerase activity and a loss in NCVPI content. Treatment of the
      infected cells with toloylsulphonyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and
      iodoacetamide (IAA) led to an inhibition of in vivo RNA synthesis. The 750 g
      supernatant fluids obtained from extracts of these cells were able to block RNA
      synthesis in vitro. Electrophoretic profiles of the respective protein
      compositions indicate that large virus precursor proteins are responsible for the
      inhibition of poliovirus RNA synthesis in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 169320
TI  - Regulation mechanisms of central and peripheral sympathetic neurons.

PMID- 169321
TI  - Copper deficiency in the developing rat brain: evidence for abnormal
      mitochondria.

PMID- 169322
TI  - Quantitative histochemistry of gamma-aminobutyric acid in cat spinal cord with
      special reference to presynaptic inhibition.

PMID- 169323
TI  - Stimulation of glutathione reduction by quinacrine in the presence of a membrane
      fraction from brain.

PMID- 169324
TI  - Sulphydryl groups and GABA uptake in slices of rat cerebral cortex.

PMID- 169325
TI  - Alcoholic neuropathy. An electron-microscopic study.
AB  - The sural nerves of 6 patients with different signs of alcoholic neuropathy were
      studied qualitatively and quantitatively by electron microscopy. Myelinated and
      unmyelinated fibres showed degenerative changes of the Wallerian type.
      Concomitant involvement of the myelin appears to be secondary to axonal lesions.
      Regenerative processes, although frequently observed, did not balance the
      destruction of fibres in the degenerative phase. Quantitative studies indicated a
      reduced number of myelinated fibres and decreased percentage of the area covered
      in cross-section by myelinated and unmyelinated axons. The histograms of
      myelinated fibres showed a shift to the left of the peak of large and small
      fibres and an increased number of small-sized fibres. Similarly the histograms of
      unmyelinated fibres showed a shift to the left and a bimodal distribution with an
      increased number of small-sized fibres. Imbalance in degenerative and
      regenerative processes seems to be the basis of the chronic partial denervation
      observed in the nerves of alcoholic patients in this study.

PMID- 169326
TI  - Ultrastructural studies in human polymyositis.
AB  - Biopsy of muscle from 13 cases of human polymyositis permitted an ultrastructural
      study in which attention was directed to the cellular population of the
      inflammatory reaction. The constant feature was the presence of small and large
      lymphocytes, and cells of the latter type were frequently in intimate contact
      with the surface of the muscle fibres. Macrophages were seen both within and
      outside degenerating muscle fibres. Plasma cells were seen in 2 cases. Filaments
      bearing some resemblance to virus inclusions were seen in one case. The
      implications of the cellular reaction in human polymyositis are discussed and the
      literature of ultrastructural observations on the muscle in this disease is
      briefly reviewed.

PMID- 169327
TI  - Prognosis in adult polymyositis.
AB  - The effects of long-term corticosteroid treatment have been assessed in 20
      patients with polymyositis. Cases were only accepted if a muscle biopsy showed
      the characteristic features of inflammation and muscle fibre degeneration. If the
      muscle disorder was only a minor feature of generalised collagen disease or there
      was evidence of coexisting neuropathy, the patients were excluded. Over a mean
      follow-up period of 5 years, 8 patients died and only 4 improved. These results
      have been compared with those in other series. An attempt has been made to
      correlate muscle biopsy findings with prognosis, and the reasons for the poor
      outcome are discussed.

PMID- 169328
TI  - Demonstration of enzymes related to myelinogenesis in established human brain
      cell cultures.
AB  - CNP, CGalT and PAPS-CST, enzymes involved in myelinogenesis were demonstrated in
      cultures derived from human brain. Little or no CNP activity could be found in
      cultures derived from non-neurogenic tissue. Transformation of brain cultures by
      PML-SV40 virus resulted in a 3 to 10-fold increase in the specific activity of
      CNP.

PMID- 169330
TI  - Evaluation of soft-tissue calcifications in dermatomyositis with 99mTc-phosphate
      compounds: case report.
AB  - A whole-body scan with 99mTc-pyrophosphate and 85Sr-nitrate demonstrates
      extension of calcinosis in one case of dermatomyositis with cutaneous,
      subcutaneous, and muscular calcinosis. The authors suggest the potential use of
      99mTc-phosphate compounds as an auxiliary instrument in the evaluation of
      dermatomyositis-polymyositis syndrome.

PMID- 169329
TI  - Analysis of liver scanning in a general hospital.
AB  - The specificity and sensitivity of liver scanning in a general referral
      population of 125 patients was studied. All patients had a liver biopsy prior to
      the scan or not more than 10 days later. The results of this study were compared
      with one earlier and one ongoing study in the same laboratory. The differences in
      accuracy are mostly attributable to the difference in the populations studied. It
      is apparent that the multiple-view scintillation camera technique is not superior
      to the rectilinear two-view scans for studying the liver.

PMID- 169331
TI  - Gallium uptake in benign tumor of liver: case report.
AB  - A case of positive tracer localization in a benign tumor of the liver on a 67Ga
      citrate scan is reported. The authors were unable to find any previous reports of
      positive localization of gallium in this type of liver tumor.

PMID- 169332
TI  - Demonstration of a chemodectoma by perfusion scanning: case report.

PMID- 169333
TI  - Effects of dietary protein and calcium levels on renal glucose-6-phosphatase
      activity of intact and thyroparathyroidectomized rats.
AB  - In order to determine the relationship of parathyroid hormone and levels of
      dietary protein and calcium with the activity of renal glucose-6-phosphatase
      (G6Pase), effects of two levels of dietary protein, namely, 25 and 75%, on the
      enzyme activity were compared at three levels of dietary calcium, namely, 0.06,
      0.63, and 1.83%, with the use of intact and thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX)
      rats. In intact rats, 0.06% dietary calcium caused an increase in renal G6Pase
      activity in rats fed the high carbohydrate diet, and dietary calcium in excess
      (1.83%) caused the enzyme activity to decrease. Similar responses in the activity
      of renal G6Pase to the variation of dietary calcium levels were seen in rats fed
      the high protein diet, but significant differences were not obtained. In TPTX
      rats fed the high carbohydrate diet, the activity of renal G6Pase was
      significantly decreased compared with that of intact rats. When TPTX rats were
      fed the high protein diet, however, no significant decrease in the enzyme
      activity was observed. Free access to aqueous 0.1% CaC1(2) solution by TPTX rats
      tended to restore the activity of renal G6Pase and serum calcium concentrations
      depressed by thyroparathyroidectomy. In addition, a significant correlation was
      observed between the total activity of renal G6Pase and serum calcium
      concentrations. Hypothyroidism produced by oral administration of
      propylthiouracil (0.05% of diets) did not affect the enzyme activity in the
      kidneys of rats fed the high carbohydrate and the high protein diets. The results
      suggest that the activity of renal G6Pase of rats fed the high protein diet might
      be less susceptible both to dietary calcium levels and to parathyroid function
      than that of rats fed the high carbohydrate diet.

PMID- 169334
TI  - Letter: Methyl N-butyl ketone.

PMID- 169335
TI  - An atherosclerosis prevention program. Evaluation of the first six years.

PMID- 169336
TI  - Radiographic survey of perlite workers.
AB  - Chest roentgenograms of 240 perlite workers employed for 1 to 23 years in the
      industry, showed no evidence of pneumoconiosis associated with perlite exposures.
      One individual, found to have simple pneumoconiosis, and one found to have
      complicated pneumoconiosis, had formerly been diatomaceous earth workers. Since
      only 28 of the men had been in the industry over 15 years and only seven for 20
      years or more, continued surveillance is essential to make sure that there are no
      effects with more prolonged exposures. Studies of pulmonary function of the
      individuals who have had relatively long exposures are needed to supplement
      radiographic evidence.

PMID- 169337
TI  - Letter: TDI vapor concentrations.

PMID- 169338
TI  - Pulmonary sarcoidosis: A clinico-pathological study.
AB  - The light and electron microscopic changes in biopsy tissue from the lung of a 30
      year-old housewife severeley incapacitated by diffuse pulmonary sarcoidosis with
      pulmonary hypertension are presented. The lung tissue was distorted by numerous
      granulomas in the interstitial tissues and within alveoli. Many pulmonary blood
      vessels including arteries were damaged by the granulomas. The ultrastructural
      features of the epithelioid cells were found to be distinctive and probably
      specific. The giant cells which accompanied the epithelioid cells contained two
      types of inclusion body: one appeared to be related to the Schaumann body but the
      nature and origin of the second type was not clear. Many of the granulomas were
      surrounded by avascular fibrous tissue which contained, in addition to mature
      fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and a primitive form of cell that appeared to be a
      fibroblast precursor. It was conjectured that the myofibroblasts, through their
      contractile powers, might increase the distortion of the lung architecture and
      thereby the patient's disability. The alveolar walls were thickened by a diffuse
      infiltrate of macrophages and epithelioid cells but there was no excess of
      collagen and elastic fibres. The evidence suggested that the epithelioid cells
      developed from macrophages. From the cellular nature of the diffuse infiltration
      of the alveolar walls and the absence of fibrosis it seemed that the disease was
      still at an early and active stage, a conclusion strengthened by the fact that
      treatment with corticosteroids led to marked and sustained clinical improvement.

PMID- 169339
TI  - Malignant chondroid syringoma of the thigh. Report of a case with electron
      microscopy of the tumour.
AB  - A case of malignant chondroid syringoma occurring in a 52-year-old female is
      reported. The tumour presented as a large, cystic lesion of the thigh. Local
      recurrence and secondary deposits in the inguinal region occurred at an early
      stage. The rarity of these malignant tumours and metastasising sweat gland
      tumours in general is emphasised.

PMID- 169340
TI  - Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy following nephrectomy and radiation therapy for
      right-sided Wilms tumor.
AB  - Two children developed hepatotoxicity during treatment for right-sided Wilms
      Tumor. Treatment consisted of nephrectomy, irradiation, and chemotherapy with
      actinomycin D and vincristine. Hepatic enlargement, thrombocytopenia, and
      abnormalities in liver function and seen on the liver scan occurred at the time
      of the course of chemotherapy administered 20 days after completion of
      irradiation. These abnormalities disappeared when treatment was temporarily
      suspended. Vincristine and actinomycin D were subsequently reintroduced without
      evidence of hepatotoxicity. Actinomycin D after irradiation for right-sided Wilms
      tumor may produce severe liver toxicity.

PMID- 169341
TI  - Adriamycin cardiotoxicity in a child with Wilms tumor. Report of a case and
      review of the literature.
AB  - A case of adriamycin-induced carciomyopathy in a 5 3/4-year-old girl with
      metastatic Wilms tumor is reported. Potentiation of the adriamycin cardiotoxicity
      by irradiation to the heart is proposed; the clinical and pathologic findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 169342
TI  - Letter: Techniques for recovery of B. pertussis on culture.

PMID- 169343
TI  - [Effects of methanesulfonic acid esters of aminoglycol on cultured ascites tumor
      cells (author's transl)].

PMID- 169344
TI  - [Comparative studies of methansulfonic acid esters and other antitumor agents on
      immune response (author's transl)].

PMID- 169345
TI  - Interactions of morphine, adenosine, adenosine triphosphate and phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors on the field-stimulated guinea-pig ileum.
AB  - Inhibition of the electrically induced contractions of the guinea-pig ileum has
      been shown to be a reliable index to the relative potency of various narcotic
      analgesics. This property suggests that this preparation might be used as a model
      in attempts to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which morphine induces analgesia in
      the central nervous system. Since it has been demonstrated that some adenosine
      derivative may function as an endogenous inhibitory transmitter in the gut, the
      effects of adenosine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and morphine on the ileum were
      further characterized and compared. Morphine, adenosine and ATP produce a
      substantial inhibition of the isometric contractions induced by transmural field
      stimulation. The inhibition produced by each is antagonized by 2.5 times 10(-7) M
      tolazoline whereas that produced by ATP is potentiated by 4 times 10(-7) M 5
      hydroxytryptamine. The inhibitory effects of morphine and ATP can also be
      markedly potentiated by two of the several phosphodiesterase inhibitors tested,
      Ro 20-1724 and dipyridamole. In addition, pretreatment of the ileum with either
      adenosine, ATP or morphine can produce a significant potentiation of the
      inhibitory effects of norepinephrine. The above suggests that cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate may play a role in mediating some of the inhibitory effects
      produced by exogenous adenosine, ATP and morphine. In addition, the similarities
      between the effects produced by these substances indicates that the biochemical
      pathways responsible for mediating the effects of each may share some common
      elements.

PMID- 169346
TI  - Effect of chlorpropamide on renal response to parathyroid hormone in normal
      subjects and in patients with hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism.
AB  - Chlorpropamide inhibited by 35 to 65% the increase in the urinary excretion of
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following a large dose (250 U) of
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) in normal subjects and patients with hypoparathyroidism
      and pseudohypoparathyroidism. By contrast, in normal subjects, the response of
      urinary cyclic AMP excretion to smaller amounts of PTH (15 and 30 U) was not
      decreased by chlorpropamide. Chlorpropamide did not decrease the phosphaturic
      response to any dose of PTH. The probable explanation for the discrepant effects
      of chlorpropamide on urinary cyclic AMP and phosphate excretions is that
      phosphaturia results from a minimal elevation of cyclic AMP and that
      chlorpropamide does not decrease cyclic AMP production to such a low level.
      Chlorpropamide decreased the accumulation of renal cyclic AMP in response to PTH
      in the parathyroidectomized rat, suggesting that this may be the mechanism of
      action for this drug in decreasing the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP in
      response to PTH in man. Tolazamide, another sulfonylurea, did not inhibit the
      elevation of urinary cyclic AMP excretion after PTH. Therefore, the sulfonylurea
      part of the molecule is probably not involved in the inhibition produced by
      chlorpropamide.

PMID- 169347
TI  - Studies on c-AMP contents in sea urchin eggs fertilized with normal and x
      irradiated sperm.

PMID- 169348
TI  - Protein kinases activated by cAMP in the genital tract of spayed mice treated
      with oestradiol-17beta.
AB  - The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37),
      has been studied in the vaginal epithelium, vaginal stroma, endometrium, and
      whole uterus of spayed mice treated with oestradiol-17 beta, and in the vaginal
      epithelium and uterus of spayed mice. Two protein kinase isoenzymes (PK I and PK
      II) were found in whole uterus, endometrium, and vaginal stroma. Vaginal
      epithelium contained only one isoenzyme (PK II). Oestradiol treatment increased
      PK I relative to PK II in the uterus. The isoenzyme pattern in the vaginal
      epithelium was unaltered after such treatment. The total protein kinase activity
      was 70% higher in uterine extracts (cytosol) than in extracts from vaginal
      epithelium. Oestradiol treatment did not influence the total protein kinase
      activity in either tissue.

PMID- 169349
TI  - Regulation of seminiferous tubular function by FSH and androgen.
AB  - Seminiferous tubules contain a cytoplasmic androgen receptor similar to the
      receptors in the epididymis and ventral prostate. The presence of a cytoplasmic
      receptor indicates that androgens maintain spermatogenesis by a direct action on
      certain types of cells within the seminiferous tubule. The Sertoli cell appears
      to be one of the cell types containing androgen receptors and the receptor might
      also be present in spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, or peritubular cells.
      The Sertoli cell is stimulated by FSH to produce an androgen-binding protein
      which may serve to increase the accumulation of androgen in the seminiferous
      epithelium and make it available for binding by intracellular androgen receptors.
      This may be a way in which FSH enhances the action of androgen on
      spermatogenesis. Androgens act on the Sertoli cell to increase its response to
      FSH. This action of androgens on the Sertoli cell results in increased production
      of androgen-binding protein and may enhance the production of other substances
      which exert trophic effects on spermatogenesis.

PMID- 169350
TI  - A review of the formation and binding of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in the
      mechanism of action of androgens in the prostate of the rat and other species.

PMID- 169351
TI  - Synthesis and cell culture studies on the antiviral activity of 5-mercaptomethyl
      2'-deoxyuridine.
AB  - Treatment of 5-mercaptomethyluracil (I) with trimethylsilyl chloride in the
      presence of triethylamine gave 2,4,5-tris-(trimethylsilyl)-5-mercaptomethyluracil
      (II) which, upon coupling with 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(p-toluoyl)-D-erythro
      pentofuranosyl chloride, furnished as anomeric mixture of fully substituted 2'
      deoxy ribonucleosides. The nucleoside with beta configuration (III) was
      predominantly formed and was isolated as a crystalline solid. The free nucleoside
      IV was obtained by removal of blocking groups by sodium methoxide catalyzed
      deacylation, deionization under reducing atmosphere, and chromatography on
      neutral alumina. IV is oxidized to the corresponding disulfide V in solution in
      the absence of thiols. IV was found to be markedly inhibitory against the herpes
      virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). Against this virus, IV was
      found to be as potent as 5-iododeoxyuridine and cytosine arabinoside when added
      18 hr before virus infection.

PMID- 169352
TI  - Flavonoids. 8. Synthesis and antifertility and estrogen receptor binding
      activities of coumarins and delta3-isoflavenes.
AB  - A series of coumarins and delta3-isoflavenes was prepared. Although antifertility
      activity was shown by all of these compounds, the required dosage in mice varied
      from 13.5 mug/kg/day to 50 mg/kg/day. The most potent compounds were the 2-methyl
      4-ethylisoflavenes, two of which (2a and 2b) were about equipotent with DES on a
      molar basis. They were followed by the 2,2-dimethylisoflavenes, the 2
      unsubstituted isoflavene, and the coumarins. The most active compounds possessed
      an acetoxy group at C-7 and an oxygen function at C-4'. Presence of fluorine at C
      4' or diethylaminoethoxy at C-M decreased the antifertility activity. The
      uterotropic activity followed the same trends as the antifertility activity with
      some evidence for the separation of the two effects in the 2,2-dimethylisoflavene
      series. Based on a limited study it appears that two phenolic hydroxyl groups are
      required for the presence of good estrogen receptor binding activity. An apparent
      lack of correlation between the estrogen binding activity and uterotropic or
      antifertility effects is probably explained by in vivo metabolism.

PMID- 169353
TI  - Uptake in vitro of nucleic acid precursors and nucleic acids by Zajdela ascitic
      hepatoma cells.
AB  - Zajdela ascitic hepatoma cells are shown to take up pyrimidine bases at much
      lower rates than obtained in slices from normal rat liver. The rates of uptake of
      adenine and uridine by the Zajdela cells are, however, as high as in the slices.
      Like the slices, again, the Zajdela cells take up E. coli RNA and DNA at very low
      rates but, unlike the slices, thses cells degrade rapidly the RNA taken up. The
      Zajdela cells resemble parenchymal cell suspensions derived from normal rat liver
      in regard to the uptake of pyrimidine bases and the ability to degrade
      heterologous RNA.

PMID- 169355
TI  - Ligation of EcoRI endonuclease-generated DNA fragments into linear and circular
      structures.

PMID- 169354
TI  - Operator and promoter mutations affecting divergent transcription in the bio gene
      cluster of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 169356
TI  - Effect of drugs on the cyclic adenosine 3' 5' monophosphate-dependent protein
      kinase-induced stimulation of calcium uptake by cardiac microsomal fractions.

PMID- 169357
TI  - Quantum chemical study of relative reactivities of a series of amines and
      nitriles: relevance to prebiotic chemistry.
AB  - Using the Iterative Extended Hucken Theory (IEHT) calculations of the elctron
      distribution and orbital energies of a series of thirteen amines, nitriles and
      amino-nitriles relevant to prebiotic and cosmo-chemistry have been carried out.
      Ground state properties such as the energy and nature of the highest occupied
      (HOMO) and lowest empty (LEMO) molecular orbitals, net atomic charges and number
      of non-bonding electrons have been identified as criteria for correlating the
      relative nucleophilicity of amine and nitrile nitrogens and the electrophilicity
      of nitrile and other unsaturated carbon atoms. The results of such correlations
      can be partially verified by known chemical behavior of these compounds and are
      used to predict and understand their role in prebiotic organic synthesis.

PMID- 169358
TI  - Study of double and triple simultaneous substitutions of amino acids in
      cytochromes C.
AB  - A statistical analysis aimed at obtaining some informations on a possible
      correlation between simultaneous amino acid substitutions is proposed.  This
      method is applied to a set of cytochrome C, at the level of tandem and triple
      substitutions separated along the peptide chain by 1 to 15 peptide bonds.  Monte
      Carlo simulations are performed and the results are compared.  We find a
      significant occurrence of three adjacent amino acid substitutions in which the
      first replacement requires a two nucleotide substitution. A possible explanation
      of this fact is proposed on  the basis of covarions.

PMID- 169359
TI  - Evaluation of antitumor activity of Bordetella pertussis in two murine tumor
      models.
AB  - The antitumor activity of three preparations of killed Bordetella pertussis (Bp)
      (Eli Lilly crude and fluid pertussis vaccines and Parke-Davis pertussis vaccine)
      was studied in the B16 melanoma and CaD2 mammary adenocarcinoma models. In these
      tumor systems; Bp had weak and variable tumor inhibitory activity and did not
      augment tumor rejection immunity. The intratumor injection of Bp did not affect
      the growth of the B16 tumor but significantly inhibited the growth of the CaD2
      tumor. However, the established tumor did not regress. Admixture of Bp with B16
      cells before inoculation inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival of
      inoculated mice. Admixture of Bp with CaD2 cells completely suppressed tumor cell
      growth in 60% of inoculated mice. Intratumor injection of CaD2 with Bp combined
      with surgery provided no protection against subsequent development of metastases.

PMID- 169360
TI  - Tumor induction by carcinogenic agents in aquarium fish.
AB  - The effects of nine carcinogens on 1,220 guppies [Poecilea reticulata (Lebistes
      reticulatus)] and 40 zebra fish (Danio rerio) were studied. Multiple exposure
      techniques included skin application, im and ip injections, feeding, implantation
      in pellets, and dissolving of the compound in the aquarium water. 7-12
      Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene, and benzidine produced no tumors
      in the fish. N-2-Fluorenylacetamide, omicron-aminoazotoluene, 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene, diethylnitrosamine, and dimethylnitrosamine induced
      tumors in the livers of some of the fish. These neoplasms included cholangiomas,
      hepatoadenomas, cholangiocarcinomas, and hepatocellular cancers.
      Nitrosomorpholine caused not only hepatic tumors in guppies and zebra fish but
      also intestinal adenocarcinomas and poorly differentiated connective-tissue
      lesions in the abdominal cavities of zebra fish. Experimental induction of tumors
      in aquarium fish offers wide possibilities for comparative cancer research. Fish
      are a suitable model for the testing of compounds for carcinogenic activity and
      for the screening of environmental carcinogens.

PMID- 169361
TI  - Response of microbodies in Morris hepatoma 9618A to clofibrate.
AB  - Regulation of the formation of microbodies in Morris hepatoma 9618A was studied
      by examination of the response of the organelles to clofibrate. The fine
      structures of microbodies in the hepatoma cells closely resembled those in
      hepatocytes of normal adult rats. In clofibrate-treated rats, the tumor cells
      showed a slight increase in the size of microbodies and in catalase activity;
      however, the tumor microbodies did not increase in number. In contrast, in adult
      clofibrate-treated rats and rats on the day of birth whose mothers received
      clofibrate during the gestation period, the hepatocytes showed microbodies that
      were greater in both number and size, and the catalase activity in the liver was
      definitely elevated.

PMID- 169363
TI  - C-Type virus particles in a cell line from a lymphosarcoma of a nude mouse.
AB  - C-type virus particles were observed by electron microscopy in cultures of a cell
      line (NML-1) derived from a lymphosarcoma that arose spontaneously in a nude NIH
      outbred mouse. The presence of such particles indicated that human tumors
      heterotransplanted in nude mice might become contaminated with murine
      oncornaviruses.

PMID- 169362
TI  - Zinc intake, neoplastic DNA synthesis, and chemical carcinogenesis in rats and
      mice.
AB  - DNA synthesis in a transplanted hepatoma induced by 3'-methyl-4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) in rats
      maintained on diets low (0.4 mug/g) or high (greater than or equal to 500 mug/g)
      in zinc when compared with control animals given 60 mug zinc/g. 3
      Methylcholanthrene-induced carcinogenesis was considerably lowered in mice
      receiving the same low or high zinc diets during the induction periods.

PMID- 169364
TI  - Oncogenesis by Marek's disease herpesvirus in chickens lacking expression of
      endogenous (gs, chick helper factor, Rous-associated virus-O) and exogenous avian
      RNA tumor viruses.
AB  - Chickens free of exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) infection, replicating
      endogenous ALV (Rous-associated virus-O), gs antigen, and chick helper factor
      were fully susceptible to induction of Marek's disease (MD) by ALV-free MD
      viruses. Dual infection with Rous-associated virus-2 and MD virus did not
      significantly alter the character of the MD lesions. Thus exogenous ALV infection
      was not requisite for MD virus-induced oncogenesis. Although participation of
      endogenous RNA tumor virus genes in MD lesion induction could not be excluded,
      expression of such genes in MD tumors as gs antigen was not established.

PMID- 169365
TI  - Antibodies to Herpes simplex virus in Jewish women with cervical cancer and in
      healthy Jewish women of Israel.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibody titers were examined in sera from 39 Jewish
      women with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (CaCx) and in sera from
      controls matched by age and country of origin. Highly significant differences
      were found between the cases and controls for both HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV
      type 2 (HSV-2). Compared to findings in other demographic areas, the geometric
      mean titer (GMT) of HSV-1 among the CaCx cases were considerably higher, whereas
      the GMT for HSV-2 was in the same range. The percentage of HSV-2-positive
      patients, as defined by the HSV-2/HSV-1 antibody titer ratio was low compared to
      that found in other demographic areas; this was presumably due to the high
      incidence of HSV-1 infection in the population. The HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection
      rate in the Israeli Jewish female population was estimated by antibody titers for
      94 healthy subjects. The GMT of HSV-1 was considerably higher, whereas the GMT of
      HSV-2 was lower, than those reported elsewhere. The association found previously
      between HSV-2 and CaCx remained true for Jewish women. Their low incidence of
      CaCx, which did not seem to result from lower susceptibility, might be explained
      by the low incidence of HSV-2 infection.

PMID- 169366
TI  - Aging changes in CD-1 HaM/ICR mice reared under standard laboratory conditions.
AB  - Three hundred CD-1 HaM/ICR mice were observed for 2 years, and useful necropsies
      were done on 99 males and 102 females. Mortality was 50% at 16 months in the
      males and 18 months in the females. Among mice that came to autopsy, total tumor
      incidence was 54% for males and 75% for females, with most neoplasms occurring
      after 18 months. Adenomas or adenocarcinomas of the lung were the most frequent,
      followed by lymphoreticular tumors, vascular tumors, hepatomas, subcutaneous
      fibrosarcomas, and adenocarcinomas of the mammary glands. Some degree of
      amyloidosis was seen in half the mice of both sexes, beginning at 8 months in
      males and 12 months in females. Variability in tumor incidence among small groups
      if mice emphasized the need for adequate samples.

PMID- 169367
TI  - Extraction of tumor-specific antigen from cells and plasma membranes of line-10
      hepatoma.
AB  - Tumor-specific antigen was extracted with 3 M KCl from line-10 guinea pig
      hepatoma cells. The yield of antigenic activity, estimated by production of
      delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in line-10 immune guinea pigs, was
      10-30% of the antigen present in intact cells. By ultracentrifugation criteria,
      the extracted antigen was soluble. Gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography,
      and salting-out studies showed that the antigen was heterogeneous in size and net
      charge. The possibility that 3 M KCl extracted a homogeneous population of
      molecules associating into polymers of various sizes at low ionic strength was
      ruled out by heterogeneity on Sephadex G-200 chromatography at high ionic
      strength. After osmotic lysis of sucrose-loaded line-10 cells, whole plasma
      membranes or large membrane fragments were obtained in a yield of about 20%. The
      isolation procedure did not cause detectable loss of membrane antigenic activity.
      The membranes had 33 skin test U/mg membrane protein, compared to the intact cell
      value of 1.7 skin test U/mg cell protein. Extracts of plasma membranes had 10-20%
      of the antigenic activity of the starting membrane material. In contrast to the
      wide variety of proteins liberated from intact cells, much of the protein
      extracted from the membranes was in the molecular weight range above 250,000.

PMID- 169368
TI  - Letter: Immunodiffusion studies of lymphoblast cell antigens.

PMID- 169369
TI  - An atlas of subgross pathology of the human breast with special reference to
      possible precancerous lesions.
AB  - One hundred ninety-six whole human breasts were examined by a subgross sampling
      technique with histologic confirmation. The method permitted the enumeration and
      identification of essentially all the focal dysplastic, metaplastic,
      hyperplastic, anaplastic, and neoplastic lesions. Of the 196, 119 were suitable
      for complete quantitative morphologic analysis of the focal lesions by type. They
      consisted of 67 breasts obtained by autopsy, 29 cancerous breasts obtained by
      mastectomy, and 23 contralateral to those with cancer. All lesions, photographed
      subgrossly, were subsequently confirmed and correlated histologically.
      Morphologic evidence supported the hypothesis that most lesions traditionally
      grouped as mammary dysplasia or fibrocystic disease, including apocrine cysts,
      sclerosing adenosis, fibroadenomas, various forms of lobules (sclerotic, dilated,
      hypersecretory, hyperplastic, atypical, or anaplastic), ductal carcinoma in situ
      (DCIS), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), arose in terminal ductal-lobular
      units (TDLU) or in the lobules themselves. A probable exception was papilloma of
      ducts larger than terminal ones. Isolated foci of DCIS within the TDLU were seen
      in 40% of cancerous breasts, which indicated that the disease often was
      multifocal. Of the contralateral breasts, the 60% with clinical cancer contained
      such lesions, and data were in accord with the clinically known fact that women
      with previous breast cancer have a high rate of the disease in the remaining one.
      An atypical lobule (AL) of type A (ALA) had the following characteristics: a) It
      was more common in cancerous breasts or in those contralateral to cancer than in
      breasts not so identified; b) it had lobular morphology and was a terminal
      structure on the mammary tree; c) it tended to persist after the menopause,
      whereas normal lobules usually atrophied; d) it variable degrees of anaplasia
      forming an arbitrary continuum from normal lobules to ductal carcinoma in situ;
      and e) as ALA progressed to DCIS, the unfolded lobule resembled a duct which gave
      the false impression that DCIS was a ductal lesion. The morphologic evidence
      supported that hypothesis that the lesions herein called AL were derived from
      TDLU and were precancerous.

PMID- 169370
TI  - Aerosolized BCG (Tice strain) treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma: phase I study.
AB  - Twenty patients with pathologically proved non-resectable bronchogenic carcinoma
      were treated with 100 aerosolized BCG (Tice strain) doses in addition to
      conventional treatment. The procedure is based on findings that, generally BCG
      must be closely associated with neoplastic cells to be effective as an
      immunotherapeutic agent. Bronchogenic malignancy, usually of mucosal origin, is
      logically treated in this manner. We report here the findings and developments of
      10 patients who were treated at least five times each (for a total of 81
      treatments) and pertinent experience relating to these and another 10 patients
      treated a total of 19 times. Local and systemic reactions were frequent and
      consisted of fever, cough, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and malaise. Four
      of the 20 patients (20%) had reactions with the first treatment; by the fourth
      treatment 6 of 6 (100%) were affected. Prednisone given prophylactically reduced
      the intensity and the frequency of reactions. There were no severe side effects,
      obvious BCG infections, or significant changes in pulmonary or liver functions or
      hematologic values. No patient acquired purified protein derivative sensitivity,
      although 3 persons converted other skin tests to positive. There was no
      improvement in actuarial survival time.

PMID- 169371
TI  - Malignant tumors in American black and Nigerian children: a comparative study.
AB  - Results of a study on the relative frequencies of tumors in American black and
      Nigerian children were compared with data from the Childhood Cancer Registries in
      Manchester, United Kingdom, and Kampala, Uganda. The American black child living
      in Washington, D.C. and the Caucasian child living in Manchester had similar high
      frequencies for leukemia and glioma, whereas the incidence of lymphoma and
      retinoblastoma was low. African children living in Nigeria or Uganda had the
      opposite frequency patterns. These differences in frequencies of tumors between
      two ethnologically related population groups, American black and Nigerian,
      suggested the influence of environmental factors in the etiology of these tumors,
      even though exposure to environmental carcinogens was short. The rarity of
      Ewing's sarcoma and testicular tumors in American black and Nigerian children
      suggested a genetic influence.

PMID- 169373
TI  - Inhibitory effect of adult bovine serum on release of infectious Epstein-Barr
      virus from a virus-carrier cell line.
AB  - When certain bovine sera (BS) were used to culture P3HR-1 cells, the amount of
      infectious Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) released into the culture fluid was
      significantly less than that obtained when calf serum (CS) or fetal calf serum
      (FCS) was used. A direct dose-response relationship was noted between the
      concentration of BS and the degree of inhibition of virus production. Cell growth
      was not inhibited nor was virus infectivity neutralized by BS. Similarly, EBV
      infectivity was not reduced by spent medium containing BS. The inhibition of
      virus production by BS could be reversed by replacement of the serum supplement
      with CS. The formation of viral capsid antigen and of infectious virus within the
      cells was not inhibited by BS, whereas the amount of virus released was
      significantly decreased in comparison with culture media containing FCS or CS.
      These findings suggested the presence of a factor(s) in the BS which inhibited
      the release of EBV from the cell.

PMID- 169372
TI  - Hemolytic anemia induced by murine erythroblastosis virus: possible mechanisms of
      hemolysis and effects of an interferon inducer.
AB  - Murine erythroblastosis virus (MuEV), also called murine leukemia virus-Kirsten,
      is a member of the murine type-C-RNA leukemia-sarcoma group of oncogenic viruses.
      Like other members of this group, MuEV can elicit both a hemolytic disorder and
      an oncogenic response. Neonatal rats infected with MuEV succumb to this hemolytic
      disorder unless they are treated with the synthetic double-stranded
      polyribonucleotide, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I-poly C). Animals
      receiving poly I-poly C had markedly reduced levels of virus reproduction as
      measured by bioassay and electron microscopy. The proliferation of erythroblasts
      after MuEV infection in animals not receiving poly I-poly C appeared to be an
      erythropoietin-dependent compensatory response to hemolysis. The hemolysis itself
      seemed to require virus reproduction in the cell types affected. Administration
      of poly I-poly C to MuEV-infected rats inhibited virus reproduction and thus may
      circumvent the hemolytic disease syndrome. The ultrastructure of the virus and of
      the virus reproduction was also studied.

PMID- 169374
TI  - Establishment of two canine sarcoma cell lines: productive infection with feline
      leukemia virus.
AB  - Two canine sarcoma cell lines (11028, 11031) were established in vitro and have
      been transferred 213 and 306 times, respectively, since 1970. These cell lines
      had a chromosome pattern consistent with their canine origin. Both cultures were
      infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV), which caused a morphologic and
      karyotypic changes. The cells became rounded after infection with FeLV and both
      cultures showed the presence of a single, large, acrocentric chromosome
      considered to be a marker chromosome. All tumors were transplanted into newborn
      beagle pups, but only the 11028-FeLV formed metastatic tumors. No helper or focus
      forming activity or virus particles were found in the uninfected cultures. Helper
      activity and virus were demonstrated in both sarcoma lines after infection with
      FeLV, though no focus-forming activity was noted. Helper activity of progeny
      virus could be assayed on either cat or dog embryo cells.

PMID- 169375
TI  - Effect of BCG on dimethylhydrazine induction of colon tumors in rats.
AB  - The effect of BCG injection into the colon wall on the induction of colon tumors
      by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) was assessed in male rats.
      Persistent, generalized BCG infection followed the intracolonic injection of 6.7
      times 10(6) organisms in otherwise untreated rats. In rats given DMH (30
      mg/kg/wk) intragastrically for 5 weeks and then infected with BCG, colon tumors
      developed at the same rate and in the same incidence as in uninfected rats, but
      more tumors were mucinous adenocarcinomas and metastasized to the abdominal lymph
      nodes. In a few rats with large, established colon tumors, the injection of BCG
      into tumors induced no apparent change in them when examined at autopsy 1-22
      weeks later.

PMID- 169376
TI  - Lymphocytes and leukemia viruses: tropism and transtropism of murine leukemia
      virus.
AB  - The tropism of naturally occurring murine leukemia virus (MuLV) was investigated
      in short-term lymphocyte cultures. The tropism of MuLV was readily defined in
      fibroblast cultures, but not in lymphocyte cultures. Lymphocytes free of
      infectious MuLV could be infected across the tropism barrier by partially
      purified MuLv or by in vitro contact with MuLV-producing lymphocytes. Stimulation
      of lymphocytes was not required for this cross-infection and replication of MuLV.
      When cross-infected lymphocytes and was specifically associated with lymphocytes
      were stimulated in vitro by allogeneic cells, they facilitated MuLV infection of
      ordinarily non-permissive fibroblasts. This phenomenon (transtropism) required
      antigenically stimulated lymphocytes and was specifically associated with
      infection of the lymphocyte by MuLV across the tropism barrier. Thus in contrast
      with the resting lymphocyte, the transformed lymphocyte acquired the ability to
      disseminate infectious MuLV to nonpermissive cells. These findings suggest a
      novel relationship between lymphocytes and leukemia viruses. They indicate one
      mechanism whereby antigenic stimulation may enhance the development of virus
      induced lymphoid neoplasms.

PMID- 169378
TI  - Antitumor effects of antibody-diphtheria toxin conjugates. II. Immunotherapy with
      conjugates directed against tumor antigens induced by simian virus 40.
AB  - Hamster and rabbit antibodies against antigens on the surface of simian virus 40
      (SV40)-transformed hamster sarcoma or lymphoma cells were purified by
      immunoadsorption on SV40-transformed cells and conjugated to diphtheria toxin
      with glutaraldehyde. Treatment with a single dose of antibody-toxin conjugate
      partially protected hamsters concurrently challenged with 10(3) SV40-transformed
      sarcoma cells, as evidenced by a reduction in tumor incidence, an increase in
      tumor latency, and a prolongation of the life-spans of hamsters that developed
      tumors. Treatment of established sarcomas was ineffective, but repeated treatment
      with the conjugates induced complete regressions in 20-56% of hamsters bearing
      established transplants in the SV40-induced lymphoma.

PMID- 169377
TI  - Feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. IV. Antibody titers in cats
      with naturally occurring leukemia, lymphoma, and other diseases.
AB  - Cats with naturally occurring leukemia and lymphoma had low or negative humoral
      antibody titers to the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen
      (FOCMA). Geographic differences were seen in the relative frequencies of various
      forms of lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Lymphatic leukemia and thymic lymphoma
      were most common in Boston, whereas alimentary lymphoma was most frequent in
      Glasgow. No significant differences were found in geometric mean FOCMA antibody
      titers for the various forms of leukemia-lymphoma or for feline leukemia virus
      (FeLV)-positive as compared to FeLV-negative cats. Approximately 70% of 76 Boston
      cats with nonregenerative anemias were FeLV gs antigen (gsa) positive; this was
      similar to the percentage with leukemia-lymphoma from the same population that
      was positive. Fifty-five to 62% of the Boston cats with other infectious
      diseases, such as peritonitis and septicemia, were gsa positive. We postulate
      that this is due to a predisposition to infectious diseases by the
      immunosuppressive action of FeLV. Young cats from the Boston population that
      developed lymphoma, infectious peritonitis, and certain other diseases were more
      likely to be FeLV gsa positive than older cats with the same diseases.

PMID- 169379
TI  - Effect of host age, virus dose, and route of inoculation on tumor incidence,
      latency, and morphology in Syrian hamsters inoculated intravenously with
      oncogenic DNA simian virus 40.
AB  - Three-week-old to 12-month-old male Syrian hamsters were inoculated iv with
      10(8.5) median tissue culture infective dose of simian virus 40 (SV40). Three
      week-old hamsters were similarly inoculated with aliquots of SV40 of
      progressively decreasing titers. The tumor incidence and, to a lesser extent, the
      tumor latency were directly dependent on the age of the animals at the time of
      virus exposure and on the dose of the virus. However, this age-dose dependence
      was not of the magnitude usually observed in hamsters inoculated with SV40 sc or
      im. Moreover, the wide morphologic spectrum of neoplasms induced, i.e.,
      lymphosarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, and osteogenic sarcoma, by iv route of
      inoculation, contrasted sharply with the anaplastic and spindle-cell sarcomas
      which were the only types of malignant tumors resulting when other routes were
      used.

PMID- 169380
TI  - Mouse mammary tumor virus polypeptide precursors in intracytoplasmic A particles.
AB  - Intracytoplasmic A particles were analyzed by immunodiffusion and sodium dodecyl
      sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS--PAGE) before and after
      enzymatic cleavage with trypsin. A common antigen in A particles was detected by
      antisera prepared against purified intracytoplasmic A particles, purified mouse
      mammary tumor virus (MMTV), and a purified MMTV core polypeptide (p28). Despite
      this correlation, no SDS--polyacrylamide band migrating at p28 was observed in
      purified intracytoplasmic A particles. However, after incubation with trypsin, A
      particles subjected to SDS--PAGE produced only two polypeptide bands. They were
      observed at p28 and p15-10. Ouchterlony analysis of the trypsin-cleaved A
      particles revealed no alteration in the antigenicity of the particles. These
      results suggested that some structural components of intracytoplasmic A particles
      are polypeptide precursors of MMTV core proteins.

PMID- 169381
TI  - Estrogen receptor assay in human breast cancer.
AB  - A Workshop on Receptor Assay in Breast Cancer Tissue at the Fourth International
      Congress on Hormonal Steroids was held in Mexico City, September 2-7, 1974. This
      report reviews the various methods of steroid receptor assay in breast cancer
      discussed at this Workshop.

PMID- 169382
TI  - Low oncogenic potential of avian endogenous RNA tumor virus infection or
      expression.
AB  - Of chickens either spontaneously producing or exogenously infected in ovo with
      Rous-associated virus, type O (RAV-O), an endogenous virus of the chicken, only 1
      died with lymphoid leukosis (LL), the most common neoplasm associated with the
      leukosis-sarcoma virus group. Because the chickens were not kept in strict
      isolation, it could not be assumed that the one LL was induced by RAV-O. In
      contrast, RAV-1-infected chickens from the same lines had a high incidence of LL
      and other neoplasms. Over 800 chickens of several inbred lines were maintained in
      plastic isolators free of exogenous avian leukosis-sarcoma virus infection for
      from 500 to nearly 1,000 days of age. No LL was observed, even though some lines
      are known to produce RAV-O spontaneously or to express inherited gs antigen.
      Three neoplasms of unknown etiology were observed, but none generally associated
      with leukosis virus infection. We concluded that avian endogenous virus
      expression had little, if any, oncogenic potential, and that exogenous avian
      leukosis viruses were responsible for most naturally occurring neoplasms.

PMID- 169383
TI  - Ecotropic leukemia viruses in congenic C57BL mice: natural dissemination by milk
      borne infection.
AB  - The incidence of infectious murine leukemia virus (MuLV) in congenic-resistant
      C57BL mice was studied. No constant relationship between the incidence of MuLV
      and the H-2 complex was apparent. Two lines, B10 and B10.A, were examined in
      detail because the incidence of MuLV in B10 was low and the virus appeared
      relatively late in life, whereas B10.A animals had a relatively high incidence of
      infection by MuLV early in life. Further studies of B10.A mice revealed an almost
      universal concordance between the virologic status of the mother and her
      offspring. This was particularly evident when (B10 times B10.A)F1 animals were
      compared with (B10.A times B10)F1 mice: Although genetically identical, the
      incidence of MuLV in the latter was high, whereas in the former it was low.
      Transmission of MuLV by milk was proved by foster-nursing experiments; when the
      infants of MuLV-positive B10.A mothers were suckled on MuLV-negative B10.A
      mothers, they were free of MuLV. Milk-borne infection may account for the natural
      dissemination of MuLV among some inbred lines of mice.

PMID- 169384
TI  - C-type viruses in chimpanzee (Pan sp.) placentas.
AB  - C-type virus particles were observed by electron microscopy in placentas from 7
      of 9 chimpanzees (Pan sp.). These viruses were morphologically similar to those
      observed in placentas of other primates.

PMID- 169385
TI  - [Mode of action of mineralocorticoides: their binding with transcortin and
      cytoselic renal receptors].

PMID- 169386
TI  - [Factors in the regulation of aldosterone secretion].

PMID- 169387
TI  - Mitochondrial and herpesvirus-specific deoxypyrimidine kinases.
AB  - To characterize and compare the thymidine (TdR) and deoxycytidine (CdR) kinase
      isozymes of uninfected and herpesvirus-infected cells: (i) the subcellular
      distribution of the isozymes has been studied; (ii) a specific assay for CdR
      kinase has been devised; (iii) the TdR kinase isozymes have been partially
      purified; and (iv) the purified enzymes have been analyzed by disc polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and glycerol gradient centrifugation
      and by substrate competition and dCTP inhibition studies. The results indicate
      that there are interesting individual differences with respect to nucleoside
      acceptor specificity between the cytosol and mitochondrial pyrimidine
      deoxyribonucleoside kinases of uninfected cells and between the enzymes induced
      by different herpesviruses. In the cytosol of uninfected mouse, chicken, and owl
      monkey kidney cells, two different proteins, TdR kinase F and CdR kinase 2,
      catalyze the phosphorylations of TdR and CdR, respectively. TdR kinase F does not
      phosphorylate CdR, nor does CdR kinase 2 phosphorylate TdR. A second TdR kinase
      isozyme present in HeLa(BU25) mitochondria (TdR kinase B) also lacks CdR
      phosphorylating activity. In contrast, a genetically distinctive deoxypyrimidine
      kinase (TdR kinase A) of mouse, human, and chick mitochondria catalyzes the
      phosphorylation of both TdR and CdT. Three herpesviruses, marmoset herpesvirus
      and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, induce in the cytosol fraction of LM(TK-)
      mouse cells isozymes which share common properties with mitochondrial TdR kinase
      A, including the ability to catalyze the phosphorylation of both TdR and CdR.
      However, the herpesvirus-induced deoxypyrimidine kinases differ from
      mitochondrial TdR kinase A with respect to sedimentation coefficient, sensitivity
      to dCTP inhibition, and antigenic determinants. The herpesvirus-specific and the
      mitochondrial deoxypyrimidine kinases exhibit a preference for TdR over CdR as
      nucleoside acceptor. Pseudorabies virus and herpesvirus of turkeys induce cytosol
      TdR kinases resembling the other herpesvirus-induced TdR kinases in several
      properties, but like cellular TdR kinase F, the pseudorabies virus and
      herpesvirus of turkeys TdR kinases lack detectable CdR phosphorylating
      activities. Finally, a marmoset herpesvirus nutant resistant to
      bromodeoxyuridine, equine herpesvirus type 1, and Herpesvirus aotus induces
      neither TdR nor CdR phosphorylating enzymes during productive infections.

PMID- 169388
TI  - DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity of herpes simplex virus type 1
      temperature-sensitive mutants.
AB  - Fifteen temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 were studied
      with regard to the relationship between their ability to synthesize viral DNA and
      to induce viral DNA polymerase (DP) activity at permissive (34 C) and
      nonpermissive (39 C) temperatures. At 34 C, all mutants synthesized viral DNA,
      while at 39 C four mutants demonstrated a DNA+ phenotype, three were DNA+/-, and
      eight were DNA-. DNA+ mutants induced levels of DP activity similar to thhose of
      the wild-type virus at both temperatures, and DNA+/- mutants induced reduced
      levels of DP activity at 39 C but not at 34 C. Among the DNA- mutants three were
      DP+, two were DP+/-, and three showed reduced DP activity at 34 C with no DP
      activity at 39 C. DNA-, DP- mutants induced the synthesis of a temperature
      sensitive DP as determined by in vivo studies.

PMID- 169389
TI  - Properties of feline leukemia virus. III. Analysis of the RNA.
AB  - The kinetics of virus labeling was used to study the maturation of viral RNA in
      the Rickard strain of feline leukemia virus. Viral RNA labeled over differing
      intervals was characterized by gel electrophoresis and velocity sedimentation in
      sucrose gradients made up in aqueous buffer and 99% dimethyl sulfoxide. Labeled
      virus was found within 30 min after adding radioactive uridine to the cells and
      production of labeled virus reached a maximum at 4 to 5 h after pulse labeling.
      Native RNA from feline leukemia virus resolved into three size classes when
      analyzed by electrophoresis on 2.0% polyacrylamide-0.5% agarose gels: a 6.2 x
      10(6) to 7.1 x 10(6) mol wt (50 to 60S) class, an 8.7 x 10(4) mol wt
      (approximately 8S) class, and a 2.5 x 10(4) mol wt (4 to 5S) class. From two
      experiments during which RNA degradation appeared minimal, these made up to 57 to
      76%, 2 to 5%, and 6 to 12%, respectively, of the total RNA. The 8S RNA in feline
      leukemia virus has not previously been reported. The 50 to 60S RNA from virus
      harvested after 4 h of labeling electrophoretically migrated faster and
      sedimented more slowly in sucrose gradients than did the same RNA species
      harvested after 20 h of labeling. This argues for an intravirion modification of
      the high-molecular-weight RNA. The large subunits of denatured viral RNA from
      both 4- and 20-h labeled-viral RNA electrophoretically migrated with an estimated
      molecular weight of 3.2 x 10(6) but sedimented with 28S ribosomal RNA (1.8 X
      10(6) mol wt) when analyzed by velocity sedimentation through 99% dimethyl
      sulfoxide.

PMID- 169390
TI  - Site on the RNA of an avian sarcoma virus at which primer is bound.
AB  - In vitro transcription of the avian tumor virus RNA by RNA-directed DNA
      polymerase is initiated on the unique cellular 4S RNA. Previous studies have
      shown that on the average there is one such RNA primer hydrogen bonded to each
      viral 35S RNA. The present study confirms that finding and demonstrates that, at
      least for the majority of 35S RNA molecules, the primer is bound at a site close
      to the 5'-terminus.

PMID- 169391
TI  - Escherichia coli capsule bacteriophages. IV. Primary structure of the
      bacteriophage 29 receptor, the E. coli serotype 29 capsular polysaccharide.
AB  - Using periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, characterization of
      oligosaccharides by Smith degradation or partial acid hydrolysis, as well as
      proton magnetic resonance, the primary structure of the Escherichia coli serotype
      29 capsular polysaccharide (the receptor of E. coli K phage 29) was
      reinvestigated. The polymer was found to consist of hexasaccharide repeating
      units of the following structure: (see article).

PMID- 169392
TI  - Adenovirus transcription. II. RNA sequences complementary to simian virus 40 and
      adenovirus 2DNA in AD2+ND1- and AD2+ND3-infected cells.
AB  - The genomes of the two nondefective adenovirus 2/simian virus 40 (Ad2/SV 40)
      hybrid viruses, nondefective Ad2/SV 40 hybrid virus 1 (Ad2+ND1) and nondefective
      hybrid virus 3 (Ad2+ND3), WERE FORMED BY A DELETION OF ABOUT 5% OF Ad2 DNA and
      insertion of part of the SV40 genome. We have compared the cytoplasmic RNA
      synthesized during both the early and late stages of lytic infection of human
      cells by these hybrid viruses to that expressed in Ad2-infected and SV40-infected
      cells. Separated strands of the six fragments of 32P-labeled Ad2 DNA produced by
      cleavage with the restriction endonuclease EcoRI (isolated from Escherichia coli)
      and the four fragments of 32P-labeled SV40 DNA produced by cleavage with both a
      restriction nuclease isolated from Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Hpa1, and EcoRI
      were prepared by electrophoresis of denatured DNA in agarose gels. The fraction
      of each fragment strand expressed as cytoplasmic RNA was determined by annealing
      fragmented 32P-labeled strands to an excess of cellular RNA extracted from
      infected cells. The segment of Ad2 DNA deleted from both hybrid virus genomes is
      transcribed into cytoplasmic mRNA during the early phase of Ad2 infection. Hence,
      we suggest that Ad2 codes for at least one "early" gene product which is
      nonessential for virus growth in cell culture. In both early Ad2+ND1 and Ad2+ND3
      infected cells, 1,000 bases of Ad2 DNA adjacent to the integrated SV40 sequences
      are expressed as cytoplasmic RNA but are not similarly expressed in early Ad2
      infected cells. The 3' termini of this early hybrid virus RNA maps in the
      vicinity of 0.18 on the conventional SV40 map and probably terminates at the same
      position as early lytic SV40 cytoplasmic RNA. Therefore, the base sequence in
      this region of SV40 DNA specifies the 3' termini of early messenger RNA present
      in both hybrid virus and SV40-infected cells.

PMID- 169394
TI  - Denaturation map of polyoma DNA.
AB  - A denaturation map of polyoma DNA cleaved by Eco R1 to form linear molecules was
      established by electron microscopy. Partial denaturation, under the same
      conditions, of fragments obtained by Haemophilus influenzae restriction enzymes
      allowed us to align the denaturation map with the already established physical
      map of polyoma DNA (Griffin et al., 1974).

PMID- 169393
TI  - Plaque assay of avian sarcoma viruses using casein.
AB  - The caseinolytic activity of several strains of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV),
      conditional and nonconditional mutants of RSV, and nontransforming avian leukosis
      viruses was investigated. Only those viruses capable of transforming chick
      fibroblasts in vitro induced lysis of casein incorporated into an agar overlay.
      Lysis produced distinct clear areas in the turbid casein-agar gel which allowed a
      quantitative "plaque" assay of cell transformation. Casein plaque formation could
      not be separated from morphological conversion in cultures infected by wild-type
      RSV strains. In plates infected by mutants temperature sensitive for
      transformation, the caseinolytic activity appeared to be affected by temperature
      to a lesser extent than morphological conversion.

PMID- 169395
TI  - Polyadenylic acid sequences in rhinovirus RNA species from infected human diploid
      cells.
AB  - Polyadenylic acid sequences were shown to be present in rhinovirus virion RNA.
      Virus-specified RNA from human embryo lung cells infected with rhinovirus also
      contained polyadenylic acid but did not contain any polyuridylic acid sequences.

PMID- 169396
TI  - Base sequence differences between the RNA components of Harvey sarcoma virus.
AB  - The 50 to 70S RNA of the Harvey sarcoma-Moloney leukemia virus (MLV) complex
      consists of 30 to 40S RNA subunits of two different size classes and contains
      sequences homologous to Moloney mouse leukemia virus and to information contained
      in a C-type rat virus, termed NRK virus. We have isolated by preparative gel
      electrophoresis the large (component 1) and the small (component 2) 30 to 40S RNA
      species from the Harvey sarcoma-MLV complex. Harvey RNA component 1 was
      completely complementary to DNA transcribed from MLV RNA and showed no homology
      to DNA transcribed from NRK virus when annealed under conditions of DNA excess.
      Harvey RNA component 2 was about 65% complementary to MLV DNA and about 33%
      complementary to NRK virus DNA. Approximately 60 to 80% of the MLV-specific
      sequences in RNA component 2 is either a distinct molecular species or is part of
      a hydrid molecular including NRK virus- and MLV-specific sequences. The rest of
      the MLV sequences in component 2 could be accounted for by degraded component 1
      co-purifying with component 2. The possible role of these sequences in the
      ability of the virus to transform cells is discussed.

PMID- 169397
TI  - Mapping simian virus 40 mutants by construction of partial heterozygotes.
AB  - Simian virus 40 temperature-sensitive mutants ts A28, A30, B1, B11, and D101 are
      associated with the region of the genome defined by the restriction endonuclease
      fragments Hind-I, H, F, G, and E, respectively.

PMID- 169398
TI  - Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis: discussion of possible pathogenesis.
AB  - A case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis is reported. The role of
      infectious agents and the embryologic formation in relation to the malignancy are
      discussed. Diagnosis of this rare malignancy rests on a high degree of suspicion,
      coupled with radiologic and cytologic procedures.

PMID- 169399
TI  - Detergents.

PMID- 169400
TI  - Solid wastes and water quality.

PMID- 169401
TI  - Viral hepatitis--1975.

PMID- 169402
TI  - Acute granulomatous hepatitis. Occurrence in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis.
AB  - Two previously healthy adults with acute granulomatous hepatitis attributable to
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) monucleosis had prolonged fever, heterophil-negative
      lymphocytosis with numerous atypical forms, minor alterations in hepatic
      function, and evidence on biopsy, of a nonspecific acute hepatitis with
      granulomata. Infection with CMV was corroborated by a rising titer of complement
      fixing antibody in case 1 and by a high titer of antibody that later fell in case
      2. It is important to exclude CMV ivfection as an etiologic factor in cases of
      acute granulomatous hepatitis and fever of unknown origin.

PMID- 169403
TI  - Letter: Nomenclature for mononucleosis syndromes.

PMID- 169404
TI  - Nomenclature for mononucleosis syndromes.

PMID- 169405
TI  - Xeromammography in early detection of breast cancer.
AB  - Sixty-four carcinomas were detected in 1,315 women examined by xeromammography in
      1973. Seventeen carcinomas were occult and 14 were detected in women referred for
      clinically benign lesions. The remaining 33 carcinomas were diagnosed on the
      basis of both clinical and roentgenographic examination. There were three false
      negatives. Two of these lesions were obscured by very dense fibrocystic disease.
      The third lesion was called benign due to an error in interpretation. There were
      eight false-positives; four of these demonstrated intraductal hyperplasia and
      asymmetry, which may be a precursor to frank malignant change. Xeromammography is
      suggested as a highly accurate means of detecting occult mammary carcinomas and
      clarifying the nature of clinically suspected lesions.

PMID- 169406
TI  - Monarthric arthritis caused by metastatic breast carcinoma. Value of cytologic
      study of synovial fluid.

PMID- 169407
TI  - [Proceedings: Cyclic AMP in the myocardium. (3). Determination of cyclic AMP
      during administration of propranolol, practolol, and pindolol].

PMID- 169408
TI  - [Etiology of malignant hyperthermia].

PMID- 169409
TI  - [Studies on the No. 864-T (bis (3-mesyloxypropyl) amine p-toluensulfonate)
      therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycythemia vera (author's transl)].

PMID- 169410
TI  - [A case of acute myelogenous leukemia characterized by a peculiar cytoplasmic
      inclusion observed by electron microscopy (author's transl)].

PMID- 169411
TI  - [Sialic acids in extramammary Paget's disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 169412
TI  - [Hyperamylasemia of unknown etiology].

PMID- 169413
TI  - Leukocytosis-promoting factor of Bordetella pertussis.

PMID- 169414
TI  - Proceedings: Hemagglutinating substance of Bordetella pertussis.

PMID- 169415
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of cyclic AMP on inhibition of amino acid incorporation into
      heart muscle by diphtheria toxin.

PMID- 169416
TI  - Proceedings: Heterogeneity of enterotoxin-like protein extracted from spores of
      Clostridium perfringens type A.

PMID- 169417
TI  - Complement requirement of neutralizing antibodies in different classes of
      immunoglobulin appearing in rabbits and guinea pigs after primary and booster
      immunizations with herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Rabbits and guinea pigs were immunized with herpes simplex virus and bled
      periodically. The sera were fractionated into slow IgG, fast IgG and IgM by DEAE
      cellulose column chromatography, and complement-requiring (CRN) and nonrequiring
      neutralizing (N) antibody activities were estimated. In early sera of rabbits,
      the two IgG and IgM fractions possessed about equal CRN activities, although some
      animals showed a slightly lower activity in fast IgG. In guinea pigs, the early
      CRN activity resided mainly in slow IgS (7 S gamma2). The early IgG antibody of
      guinea pigs differed from that of rabbits in that it resembled IgM in resistances
      to heating at 70 C and to 2-merceptoethanol. The level of CRN IgM antibody in
      rabbits declined following a peak reached in 2 to 3 weeks, whereas such a decline
      was never observed in guinea pigs. N IgG antibody was developed a few weeks after
      the first immunization in rabbits and much retarded in guinea pigs. In both
      species, booster immunization quickly evoked N antibody in the two IgG fractions
      and also CRN IgM antibody, but in the case of rabbits the IgM antibody
      disappeared soon. It is concluded that IgG plays an important role in humoral
      immunity from the initial stage of the immunization course.

PMID- 169418
TI  - Interferon production and resistance to viral infection induced by poly I-poly C
      in chick embryo cells. II. Lack of enhancement by DEAE-dextran.

PMID- 169419
TI  - Influence of dialysate calcium concentration and vitamin D on serum parathyroid
      hormone during repetitive dialysis.
AB  - An acute rise or decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion was found in 30
      patients, dialyzed with, respectively, low (5 mg/100 ml) or high (7.5 mg/100 ml)
      calcium concentration.  The percentage changes were, respectively, +35% and -47%
      when a N-terminal antiserum measuring predominantly the glandular PTH was used. 
      Only relatively small changes, respectively, +3% and -17%, were found using a C
      terminal antiserum which detects preferentially smaller PTH fragments. 
      Predialysis serum PTH concentration increases significantly with increasing
      duration of repetitive hemodialysis treatment using an intermediate (6 and 6.4
      mg/100 ml) concentration of calcium in the dialysate.  No such increase could be
      found in two other groups of patients treated with high-calcium (7.5 mg/100 ml)
      dialysis.  Moreover, a significant but temporary decrease in predialysis serum
      PTH concentration occurred two months after a rise in dialysate calcium
      concentration from 6 to 7.5 mg/100 ml.  Treatment with pharmacologic doses of
      vitamin D3 in selected patients (renal osterdystrophy or children) always
      resulted in a definite suppression of serum PTH concentration during 14 treatment
      periods in ten patients.  After cessation of vitamin D3 treatment, serum PTH
      concentration returned to high levels in four out of five patients.  These data
      fail to confirm the long-term involution of secondary hyperparathyroidism using
      high-calcium dialysis.  Vitamin D treatment, however, results in a much more
      pronounced decrease in serum PTH concentrations, but sustained therapy is
      necessary.

PMID- 169420
TI  - Renal phosphate reabsorption in the rat: effect of inhibitors.
AB  - The maximum rate of inorganic phosphorus (P1) reabsorption (Tmp1) was measured
      during phosphate infusion in chronically parathyroidectomized rats. In either
      initially hydropenic rats or others which underwent moderate preliminary saline
      loading, Tmp1 tended to rise during early phosphate infusion and then decline, so
      that steady-state Tmp1 values were similar to the P1 reabsorption rates at the
      animals' own evelated endogenous plasma P1 concentrations. These results indicate
      that the "self-depression" of Tmp1 during phosphate infusion is not dependent
      upon the progressive stimulation of endogenous parathyroid hormone secretion.
      Parathyroid hormone and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) decreased
      Tmp1 substantially, whereas acetazolamide inhibited P1 reabsorption at lower
      filtered P1 loads but did not diminish Tmp1.

PMID- 169421
TI  - Neurological aspects of uremia: an overview.

PMID- 169422
TI  - Detection and evaluation of uremic peripheral neuropathy in patients on
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 169423
TI  - Recommendations for the treatment of renal osteodystrophy in dialysis patients.

PMID- 169424
TI  - Recommendations for evaluation of the neurological response of dialysis patients.

PMID- 169425
TI  - Current concepts of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D metabolism: perturbations
      in chronic renal disease.

PMID- 169426
TI  - Alterations of cartilaginous aerobic glycolysis in the chronic uremic state.

PMID- 169427
TI  - Atherosclerosis in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

PMID- 169428
TI  - [Effect of corneal dehydration with experimental ulceration on the activity of
      collagenase].

PMID- 169429
TI  - [Effect of hyperlipemia on the activity of some oxidative enzymes of the retina
      in clinical experience and animal experiments].

PMID- 169431
TI  - [Surgical treatment of orbital tumors].

PMID- 169430
TI  - [Role of cyclic AMP in the generation of action potentials in frog's isolated
      retina].

PMID- 169432
TI  - [Cylindroma of the ethmoid-maxillary complex and of the orbit].

PMID- 169434
TI  - Etiological analysis of neonatal hypocalcemia--relationship with reactivity to
      parathyroid hormone.--.

PMID- 169433
TI  - [The requirements of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) and of 25-hydrocalciferol
      (25HCC) in premature children during their early life (author's transl)].
AB  - The necessary daily amount of vitamin D3 in premature infants was calculated by
      Hovels and his group as being 25 mcg (1000 I.U.). This was in agreement with our
      own investigations. Without vitamin D3, however, the incidence of rikkets in
      premature and small-for-dates newborns occurred usually at the beginning of the
      second month of life. Clinical signs of rickets are still absent at this time,
      while an increased activity of the serum alkaline phosphatase signals the
      beginning of the illness. Three groups of prematurely born infants received up to
      50 days daily oral doses of 12.5 mcg vitamin D3 (=500 I.U.), 25 mcg vitamin D3
      (=1000 I.U.) or 9 mcg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC), respectively, while one
      untreated group served as control. No differences were noted between the four
      groups in the serum values of calcium and phosphorus. The activity of the
      alkaline phosphatase tended to be higher in the untreated and the 500 I.U.
      groups. The differences were prouved by the chi2-test to be significant (see
      table 2 and 3). It appeared that 9 mcg of 25-HCC prevented the rise in alkaline
      phosphatase slightly better than 25 mcg of vitamin D3 (1000 I.U.). On a mcg base
      25-HCC seems three times as effective as cholecalciferol. One could speculate
      about a delayed hydroxylation of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) to 25-HCC.

PMID- 169435
TI  - Synthesis of type I collagen by human smooth muscle cells in vitro.
AB  - Human vascular smooth muscle cells, derived from explants of medial smooth muscle
      of a fetal aorta, were grown in vitro and examined with phase and electron
      microscopy for characteristic morphologic features of smooth muscle cells and for
      the biosynthesis of connective tissue proteins. Their patterns of growth and
      ultrastructure were similar to those described for other species of cultured
      arterial smooth muscle cells. Most cells contained varying amounts of
      myofilaments interpersed with dense bodies, rough and smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum, mitochondria, various sized vesicles, lysosomes, and lipid droplets.
      Extracellularly, small amounts of electron-dense material and microfilaments were
      observed adjacent to or between the cells. The over-all morphology suggested that
      the smooth muscle cells were actively engaged in protein synthesis. Although we
      could not identify banded collagen fibrils in 10- to 14-day-old cultures by
      electron microscopy, the cells synthesized and secreted a collagen characterized
      as type I collagen. A hydroxyproline-containing protein composed of two alpha-1
      and one alpha-2 chains was extracted from the cell layer. The triple helical
      precursor of type I collagen, procollagen, was secreted into the medium.

PMID- 169436
TI  - Peroxisome depletion in rat liver during pneumococcal sepsis.
AB  - Biochemical and morphometric analysis reveal that the peroxisomal content of rat
      liver cells is markedly reduced during pneumococcal sepsis. It is suggested that
      during some bacterial infections, hepatic synthesis of acute-phase serum proteins
      occurs at the expense of peroxisomal protein synthesis and results in reduction
      of the peroxisomal protein pool and number of peroxisomes.

PMID- 169437
TI  - Cellular membranes and membrane-bound enzymes in vitamin E deficiency. A
      histochemical, cytochemical, biochemical, and morphologic study of the liver of
      the Pekin duckling.
AB  - The objective of this investigation was to find out whether vitamin E deficiency,
      apart from influencing the lipid component of cellular membranes, also influences
      the protein component. For that purpose a number of membrane-bound enzymes in the
      liver of the Pekin duckling were histochemically, cytochemically, and
      biochemically examined. Furthermore, cells, cellular membranes, and protein
      particles in membranes were morphometrically investigated. Histochemically five
      membrane-bound enzymes appeared to be stimulated in vitamin E deficiency: 5'
      nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP), tetrazolium
      reductase (NADH), and tetrazolium reductase (NADPH). 5'-Nucleotidase and glucose
      6-phosphatase were also investigated cytochemically and biochemically. The
      cytochemical localization of these enzymes was identical in control and vitamin E
      deficient ducklings. Biochemically, a stimulation of these two enzymes also could
      be demonstrated. The increase per milligram of DNA appeared to be largest whereas
      the increase per milligram of protein, per milligram of phospholipid, and per
      milligram of RNA was only half of the increase per milligram of DNA. This can be
      explained by the 30 per cent increase of the cell volume in vitamin E deficiency
      leading to an increase of protein, phospholipid, and RNA per cell. The thickness
      of membranes and the diameter of protein particles in membranes were measured in
      liver parenchymal cells. In vitamin E deficiency the thickness of the outer
      mitochondrial membrane and the diameter of protein particles in this membrane
      were smaller whereas the thickness of the endoplasmic reticular membrane was
      larger. The increase of the activities of mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes
      and the decrease of the thickness of the outer mitochondrial membrane and of its
      protein particles are interpreted to be the result of the influence of free
      radicals on membranes with electron transport functions. The increase of 5'
      nucleotidase activity in the plasma membrane is likely to have a different cause;
      it may be related to the transport of nucleotides across this membrane.

PMID- 169438
TI  - Encephalitis in suckling rats induced with rat cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Encephalitis has been induced in suckling rats by intracerebral inoculation of
      rat cytomegalovirus. This agent has been carried through five animal passages
      without changes in virulence. Principal sites of viral attack were the meninges
      and ependyma with limited parenchymal invasion from these sites. Characteristic
      features of cytomegalovirus disease observed included cytomegaly, formation of
      nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions, and polykaryocytosis. Fundamental tinctorial
      and optical differences were noted between nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions,
      the latter being characterized by their phloxinophilia which contrasts with the
      hematoxylinophilia of nuclear inclusions. Differential interference microscopy
      improved visualization and photography of cytoplasmic inclusions. Hydrocephalus
      developed in a few of the animals and was studied in late phases of the disease.

PMID- 169439
TI  - [Membrane hormone receptors].

PMID- 169440
TI  - Physiology of the natural polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine.
AB  - The biochemistry and biological function of the naturally occurring polyamines,
      putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, have been reviewed with special reference
      to animal organisms. These compounds are universally distributed in all living
      material. Their biosynthesis from ornithine and methionine is accurately
      controlled and may fluctuate according to the metabolic needs of the cell.
      Polyamines strongly and specifically interact with nucleic acids in vitro. It
      appears that under physiological conditions a substantial portion of cellular
      polyamines is noncovalently bound to nucleic acids and nucleic acid-containing
      structures such as ribosomes. Polyamines are able to stimulate protein and
      ribonucleic acid synthesis in vitro. In several systems characterized by rapid
      growth polyamines and ribonucleic acid accumulate in parrallel. Evidence that
      polyamines may have an essential role in protein and/or nucleic acid synthesis is
      substantiated by recent observations on polyamine-deficient bacterial mutants,
      although no specific function has been established with certainty as yet. Some
      clinical applications of polyamine research related to cancer are also discussed
      briefly.

PMID- 169441
TI  - Loss of epinephrine stimulated synthesis of cyclic adenosine 3':5' monophosphate
      during maturation of rabbit and human reticulocytes.
AB  - The adenylate cyclase activity of rabbit reticulocytes is localized in the
      stroma. Rabbit reticulocytes are four times more active than mature erythrocytes
      in transforming in situ formed [14C] adenosine triphosphate into [14C] cyclic
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. Similarly, anaemic human red blood cells show
      higher activity in effecting this transformation. The adenylate cyclase activity
      is stimulated by epinephrine, 40% in rabbit reticulocytes, and 70-80% in anaemic
      human RBC but not in erythrocytes. Both the reticulocytes and erythrocytes can
      bind [14C] epinephrine, but the reticulocytes bind a relatively large amount. A
      glycogen phosphorylase that can be activated by cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate is detected only in reticulocytes. Both reticulocytes and
      erythrocytes contain a phosphodiesterase which can hydrolyse cyclic 3':5'
      adenosine monophosphate and which is activated by imidazole and inhibited by
      methyl xanthines.

PMID- 169443
TI  - [A electromyographic study of the vestibular reflexes. A clinical experimental
      study on human beings (author's transl)].
AB  - It is reported about myography on testpersons with normal vestibular function as
      well as on patients after operativ dissection of the VIII. nerve, neuropathia
      nerv. vest. and M. Meniere. On the base of these findings it is supposed that
      myography proofes to be a useful help in the judgement of the specific influence
      of the vestibular organs on the motoric system. The myographic changes of the
      muscular activity after caloric stimulation give exact information about the
      entire vestibular system and especially about the vestibular-spinal-pathways. The
      best way of testing the vestibular activity is performed on musculars with
      symmetric, simultaneous and reziproke intented innervation, f.i. on the
      sternocleidomastoidei muscels in slight deflected position of the head. Most
      significant for the vestibular influence are an increase of the base-activity and
      the appearance of groups of potentials which are related to the vestibular
      stimulus in time and intensity.

PMID- 169442
TI  - [Activity of pertussia antibodies in various immunoglobulins isolated from sera
      of rabbits immunized with pertussia vaccine].

PMID- 169444
TI  - Neurologic implications of glomus tumors in the head and neck.
AB  - Seventy-six patients with glomus tumors were evaluated. The incidenc- of cranial
      nerve paralysis in 37 percent and the incidence of intracranial extension is 14.6
      percent. Jugular foramen syndrome is associated with 50 percent, and hypoglossal
      nerve involvement with 75 percent incidence of posterior fossa extension.
      Horner's syndrome is associated with 50 percent of middle cranial fossa invasion.
      The incidence of CNS tumor involvement with cranial nerve paralysis (not
      including VIIth nerve) is 52 percent.

PMID- 169445
TI  - New concepts on the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines.

PMID- 169446
TI  - Fluoroimidazoles as antiviral agents and inhibitors of polynucleotide
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 169448
TI  - A study of trace and minor elements in the solid tumor model 3924A hepatoma
      before and after treatment with t-fluorouracil.

PMID- 169447
TI  - Accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in rat brain slices: effects of
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 169449
TI  - Doxepin and imipramine: effect on catecholamine inhibition of ganglionic
      transmission.

PMID- 169450
TI  - Anabolic steroids: permissive agents of ACTH-induced penile erections in rats.

PMID- 169451
TI  - Cyclic AMP production in isolated rat seminiferous tubule cell preparations: a
      potential in vitro assay for follicle stimulating hormone.

PMID- 169452
TI  - Role of cytidine triphosphate and cytidine diphosphate in promoting inositol
      entry into microsomal phosphatidylinositol.
AB  - The Mn2+ activated incorporation of myo-inositol-3H into subfractions of
      phosphatidylinositol in rat liver microsomes was studied in the presence and
      absence of cytidine triphosphate or cytidine diphosphate choline using phosphate
      buffer. The distribution of labeled inositol among molecular species of
      microsomal phosphatidylinositol was also investigated in vivo. In other
      experiments, the release of radioactivity from microsomes labeled with inositol
      3H in the phospholipid was measured after the addition of Mn2+, unlabeled
      inositol, and cytidine nucleotide. Similar chase experiments were conducted with
      microsomes containing phosphatidylcholine-14C or phosphatidylethanolamine-14C.
      The addition of cytidine triphosphate or cytidine diphosphate choline stimulated
      the rate of inositol-3H entry into microsomal phosphatidylinositol by 3.5 to 4
      fold and the monoenoic plus dienoic, trienoic, tetraenoic, and polyenoic species
      contained 6-7, 6, 78-81, and 7-9%, of radioactivity, respectively. These latter
      patterns were very similar to those observed among the corresponding molecular
      species when the Mn2+ stimulated entry of free inositol into phospholipid was
      studied in the absence of added cytidine nucleotide. In chase experiments, the
      release of radioactivity from phospholipid in the presence of cytidine
      trephosphate or cytidine diphosphate choline was greatly enhanced by the addition
      of free inositol when microsomes containing phosphatidylinositol-3H, but not
      phosphatidylcholine-14C or phosphatidylethanolamine-14C, were employed.
      Therefore, under the present conditions, cytidine triphosphate and cytidine
      diphosphate choline appear to stimulate the entry of inositol into
      phosphatidylinositol by enhancing the Mn2+ activated exchange reaction in rat
      liver microsomes. The results suggest further that phosphatidylinositol is the
      preferred substrate when this reaction is stimulated by cytidine nucleotide.

PMID- 169453
TI  - [Angiography and differential diagnosis of tumors of the neck].

PMID- 169454
TI  - [Synacthen therapy and prostatic carcinoma?].

PMID- 169455
TI  - [Composition and content of cytochromes in Rhodopseudomonas palustris in relation
      to growth conditions].
AB  - Differential spectra, CO spectra and spectra of hemochromes were studied in the
      cells of Rhodopseudomonas palustris grown in aerobic conditions in the light and
      in the darkness; the terminal oxidase was cytochrome a. This cytochrome was not
      detected in the cells cultivated in anaerobic conditions in the light. The
      content of cytochromes b was higher in the cells grown in aerobic conditions in
      the darkness; the content of cytochromes c was higher in the cells cultivated in
      anaerobic conditions in the light.

PMID- 169456
TI  - [NAD-dependent N-methylglutamate dehydrogenase--new enzyme metabolizing
      methylamine in methylotrophs].
AB  - The properties of N-methylglutamate dehydrogenase, a new enzyme of methylamine
      metabolism in a facultative methylotroph Pseudomonas methylica, strain 2, were
      investigated. The enzyme was strictly dependent on the NAD presence and was not
      connected with particles in cell-free preparations. The enzyme appeared to be
      incucible and its activity increased after the growth of the cells in a medium
      containing methylamine.

PMID- 169457
TI  - [Function of cytochrome c in a mutant of Candida mycoderma yeasts lacking in
      cytochromes b and a+a3].
AB  - The mutant of Candida mycoderma was studied, which lacked cytochromes b and a+a3.
      The mutant contained only cytochrome c which functioned with cytochrome c
      peroxidase in the absence of any cytochrome c oxidases.

PMID- 169459
TI  - Japanese encephalitis in an Australian soldier returned from Vietnam.
AB  - An imported case of Japanese encephalitis is reported and discussed. Recent
      literature on the clinical aspects of the disease is reviewed. Although the
      disease is unlikely to become a problem in Australia, it will remain a serious
      hazard to nonimmune personnel moving into an endemic area.

PMID- 169458
TI  - Serum tocopherol (vitamin E) status of Malaysians.

PMID- 169460
TI  - Editorial: Leukaemia in animals and man.

PMID- 169461
TI  - Viral leukaemia in domestic cats.

PMID- 169462
TI  - [Post hospital treatment of coronary disease].

PMID- 169463
TI  - Utilization of in vivo alkylated metabolites as a possible cause of increased
      sensitivity to tumor cells to alkylating agents.

PMID- 169464
TI  - In vitro repair of UV-or x-irradiated bacteriophage T4 DNA by extract from blue
      green alga Anacystis nidulans.
AB  - The cell-free extract from blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans contains enzymatic
      activities which repair in vitro transforming DNA of bacteriophage T4 damaged by
      UV light or X-rays. The repair effect of the extract was observed with double
      stranded irradiated DNA but not with denatured irradiated DNA. The level of
      restoration of the transforming activity depends on the protein concentration in
      the reaction mixture and on the dose of irradiation. A fraction of DNA lesions
      induced by X-rays is repaired by a NAD-dependent polynucleotide ligase present in
      the extract. The repair of UV-induced lesions is the most efficient in the
      presence of magnesium ions, NAD, ATP and the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates.
      The results indicate that the repair of UV-irradiated DNA is performed with the
      participation of DNA polymerase and polynucleotide ligase which function in the
      cell-free extract of the algae on the background of a low deoxyribonuclease
      activity.

PMID- 169465
TI  - [Translation of hormone receptor interactions into biological function. A
      hypothesis (author's transl)].
AB  - Published data revealing discrepancies between the kinetics of hormone binding
      and adenylate cyclase activation are critically analyzed. This analysis gave rise
      to the hypothesis concerning the translation of hormone receptor interactions
      into biological function, i.e.: adenylate cyclase activation. Because the
      lifetime of the hormone receptor complex is too long, other steps in signal
      transfer are considered for the control of adenylate cyclase activity.

PMID- 169466
TI  - Sinusitis of the maxillary antrum.
AB  - Twenty-four adults with clinical evidence of sinusitis were studied by 65 needle
      punctures of the maxillary antrum. Fourteen of 15 sinuses with normal
      transillumination and 19 of 26 that were dull had normal aspirates, whereas 24 of
      24 that were opaque had abnormal aspirates (P less than 0.001). Marked mucosal
      thickening as determined radiologically (Water's view) was associated with
      abnormal aspirates whereas lesser mucosal thickening was not (P less than 0.001).
      In acute sinusitis, there was a strong correlation between high aspirate
      leukocyte counts (greater than 1000 per cubic millimeter) and infection as
      manifested by bacterial titers of greater than 10(5) per milliliter or the
      isolation of virus fungus (P greater than 0.001). Anterior-nasal-swab cultures
      correlated poorly with direct aspirate culters. Organisms frequently recovered
      from the sinus included Haemophilus influenzae, Strepto coccus pneumoniae, and
      anaerobic bacteria. Rhinovirus was recovered twice. Antibiotics were usedful in
      patients with acute sinusitis if the organism was sensitive in vitro (P less than
      0.001).

PMID- 169467
TI  - Histochemical study on the activity of the enzymes in human hepatomas.

PMID- 169468
TI  - Naturally occurring cytotoxic tumour reactive antibodies directed against type C
      viral envelope antigens.

PMID- 169469
TI  - Differential effect of plasma fractions from normal and tumour-bearing rats on
      nuclear trna-restriction.

PMID- 169470
TI  - Electron spin resonance measurements of molecular interactions in mouse olfactory
      epithelium.

PMID- 169471
TI  - How specific are nuclear "receptors" for thyroid hormones?
AB  - The presence of "high-affinity-saturable" binding sites for thyroid hormones of
      similar characteristics not only in isolated nuclei but in all the major
      extranuclear cellular components, as well as the failure of cytosol to promote
      nuclear binding, invalidates the analogy with steroid hormone receptors and
      necessitates a more critical assessment of the physiological relevance of current
      approaches to binding of thyroid hormone in vitro nuclear preparations.

PMID- 169472
TI  - Cyclic AMP-mediated transformation of rat cells transformed by temperature
      sensitive mouse sarcoma virus.

PMID- 169473
TI  - Continuous production of peroxidase, esterase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme
      by clones of promyelocytes.

PMID- 169474
TI  - Is the evolution of insulin Darwinian or due to selectively neutral mutation?
AB  - A model for the evolution of insulin mainly in terms of adaptive processes is
      discussed. The model depends critically on the relationship of sequence changes
      to the three-dimensional structure and the role of various parts of this
      structure in the conversion of the proinsulin molecule to the active form, the
      storage of insulin, its transport to the site of action and its interaction with
      a receptor.

PMID- 169475
TI  - Tumour rejection properties of solubilised TSTA from an SV40-induced neoplasm.

PMID- 169476
TI  - Effect of morphine on a depolarising dopamine response.

PMID- 169477
TI  - Binding of aldosterone by mitochondria-rich cells of the toad urinary bladder.

PMID- 169479
TI  - Noradrealine induces morphological alterations in nucleated and enucleated rat C6
      glioma cells.

PMID- 169478
TI  - Cytochalasin B increases collagenase production by cells in vitro.

PMID- 169480
TI  - Dopamine- and apomorphine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rabbit
      retina.
AB  - Dopamine (0.5-100 muM) as well as apomorphine (1-100 muM) were found to be potent
      stimulators of adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rabbit retina. When compared
      with the dopamine-effect at 10 muM, half-stimulation was also obtained in
      response to noradrenaline or adrenaline, whereas isoprenaline or phenylephrine
      were ineffective. Furthermore, the dopamine-induced production of cyclic AMP wab
      blocked by chloropromazine and haloperidol. These data would suggest the
      occurrence of a specific "dopamine receptor" in the retina of the rabbit.

PMID- 169481
TI  - Glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) and esterase (EC 3.1.1.1) activities of
      microsomes prepared from perfused rat livers after partial outflow block or
      phalloidin poisoning.
AB  - Microsomes were prepared from perfused rat livers after different perfusion
      procedures. The yield of microsomal protein and the kinetic data (Km, Vmax) of
      glucose-6-phosphatase (3.1.3.9) and esterase (3.1.1.1) activities were analysed
      in each preparation. No marked differences were detected between conventionally
      prepared liver microsomes and those from livers perfused 1 hr with an
      erythrocytes-free medium under the conditions of open outflow. If the outflow
      pressure was increased artificially, the yield of microsomal protein decreased.
      The Vmax of both enzymes was markedly increased, whereas the Km values remained
      unchanged. The same microsomal alterations occurred when perfused rat livers were
      poisoned with phalloidin in vitro under the condition of open outflow. Our
      findings indicate that microsomal alterations in livers from poisoned animals
      might be due to microcirculatory disturbances, and not primary effects of the
      toxin on the endoplasmatic reticulum.

PMID- 169482
TI  - Adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase in the rat gastric mucosa after
      starvation, feeding and pentagastrin.
AB  - The effects of starvation, feeding and pentagastrin on gastric mucosal adenylate
      cyclase (AC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity were studied in the rat. 1.
      Starvation for 24 hrs and 48 hrs reduced both NaF stimulated and basal AC
      activities. 2. Feeding of starved rats slowly raised the AC activity up to 430%
      within 4 hrs after feeding. This effect was more pronounced under basal
      conditions than with NaF stimulation. 3. A single i.p. injection of pentagastrin
      (125 mug/kg) caused a stimulation of basal AC lasting 45 min, which was followed
      by a subsequent decrease in the basal and NaF stimulated enzyme activity. 4. PDE
      activity was not influenced by starvation and feeding but underwent a transient
      inhibition by pentagastrin. Accordingly gastric mucosal cAMP levels after
      starvation, feeding and pentagastrin are regulated by changes in AC and not in
      PDE activity. The rise in AC activity after feeding appears to be related to
      functions other than H+ and pepsin secretion.

PMID- 169483
TI  - Comparative effects of adenosine and adenine and guanine nucleotides on drug
      biotransformation in rats.
AB  - The effect of various nucleotides and adenosine on the hepatic biotransformation
      of hexobarbital sodium (HB) and p-chloro-N-methylaniline (PCMA) was determined in
      male rats. Intraperitoneal administration of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (DBcAMP), alone and in combination with theophylline, and the
      cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-theophylline combination prolonged HB
      sleeping time by more than 70%. cAMP or dibutyryl cyclic guanosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (DBcGMP), alone or in combination with theophylline, failed to
      significantly alter the duration of HB-induced hypnosis. Plasma levels of HB upon
      awakening suggested that the increase in sleeping time was apparently not due to
      an altered sensitivity of the brain to the barbiturate. The effect appears to be
      related to an impairment of HB metabolism since only those compounds that
      inhibited HB oxidation when added to liver slices prolonged hypnosis. In
      addition, 5'-AMP, adenosine, and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)
      failed to alter HB biotransformation by liver slices. A similar pattern of
      impairment of metabolism by liver slices was observed when PCMA was used as the
      substrate. The inhibitory effect of DBcAMP was not altered by concurrent addition
      of either cGMP or DBcGMP. No impairment in the rate of microsomal PCMA
      biotransformation resulted from addition of adenosine or any of the nucleotides
      used in this study.

PMID- 169484
TI  - Pre- and post-junctional receptor-mediated cholinergic interactions with
      adrenergic transmission in guinea-pig vas deferens.
AB  - Isolated, superfused, field stimulated guinea-pig vas deferens, in which the
      noradrenaline stores had been labelled by preincubation with tritiated (-)
      noradrenaline, was used to study the interaction between exogenous and endogenous
      acetylcholine and adrenergic neuroeffector function. Exogenous acetylcholine was
      found to exert a dual muscarinic effect on the preparation, consisting of
      depression of the secretion of tracer noradrenaline from the sympathetic nerves,
      as well as enhancement of the nerve stimulation-induced contraction of the
      preparation. The results indicate that endogenous acetylcholine may play an
      analogous role, since eserine enhanced the nerve stimulation-induced contraction,
      without markedly affecting the secretion of labelled noradrenaline (the effect
      was abolished by atropine), while higher concentrations of atropine depressed the
      contraction and actually enhanced the secretion of labelled noradrenaline. The
      findings support the concept that guinea-pig vas deferens has a dual, cholinergic
      as well as adrenergic, innervation, and that the cholinergic nerves exert a dual
      modulatory effect on sympathetic neuro-effector function in this tissue: Firstly
      they appear to restrict the secretion of sympathetic neurotransmitter (via pre
      junctional muscarinic receptors, on the adrenergic nerve terminals), and secondly
      they seem to enhance the excitability of the smooth muscle to sympathetic
      neurotransmitter (via post-junctional muscarinic receptors, on the smooth muscle
      cells).

PMID- 169485
TI  - Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine Treatment at birth on the submaxillary gland of the
      rat.
AB  - Six and 18 months after neonatal administration of 6-hydroxy-dopamine or surgical
      sympathetic denervation the submaxillary gland of the rat showed a marked
      depletion of noradrenaline stores. Six months afer removal of the superior
      cervical ganglion the gland's endogenous noradrenaline was lowered to 0.032 +/-
      0.004 mug/g while after neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine the values were 0.228 +/-
      0.023 mug/g (controls 2.145 +/- 0.382 mug/g). Eighteen months after either type
      of sympathetic denervation the neurotransmitter was still depleted. In rats
      treated with 6-hydroxydopamine the sailagogue effect of injected noradrenaline
      was potentiated 2.7-fold while the potentiation of the effect of noradrenaline
      was 3.6 times after surgical denervation. The magnitude of the supersensitivity
      developed to isoprenaline did not differ between both types of denervation. No
      supersensitivity to the cholinomimetic agent, methacholine, was observed. Cocaine
      administration or removal of the superior cervical ganglion slightly increased
      the supersensivity to noradrenaline in rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine.
      Eighteen months after surgical or chemical denervation, the activity of choline
      acetyl-transferase in the submaxillary gland was increased by about 50%. Of the
      respiratory enzymes studied, sussinic dehydrogenase, fumarase and cytochrome
      oxidase, the activity of only the latter was markedly reduced by a chronic
      sympathetic denervation. From the results obtained it is concluded that neonatal
      treatment with 6-hydroxy-dopamine causes a permanent and almost complete
      sympathectomy of the submaxillary gland of the rat.

PMID- 169486
TI  - The time course of the effects of beta- and alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation by
      isoprenaline and methoxamine on the contractile force and cAMP level of the
      isolated rabbit papillary muscle.
AB  - In the isolated papillary muscle of the rabbit the time course of the effects of
      selective beta- and alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation by isoprenaline and
      methoxamine, respectively, on the contractile force and on the level of 3',5'
      cyclic AMP (cAMP) was determined. 1. Isoprenaline (3 times 10(-7) M) increased
      significantly the content of cAMP at 15 sec and elevated it to the maximal level
      about twice the control value-at 30 sec after its administration, while the
      developed tension of the papillary muscle was also increased significantly at 15
      sec and reached gradually its maximum at 90 sec. 2. Compared with isoprenaline
      methoxamine (10(-4) M) increased the developed tension very slowly: the maximal
      response was reached after 20 min. The level of cAMP, on the other hand, was
      changed neither before nor during the induction of the positive inotropic effect
      of methoxamine. 3. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor papaverine (10(-5) M)
      inhibited the PDE activity of the papillary muscle by about 40% after an
      incubation of 1 hr, and increased the level of cAMP significantly. The effects of
      isoprenaline on the contractile forced and on the level of cAMP were considerably
      enhanced by papaverine: the content of cAMP was increased by isoprenaline (3
      times 10(-7) M) to about 3 times the control value and also its positive
      inotropic effect was significantly greater than in controls without papaverine.
      On the other hand, the positive inotropic effect of methoxamine (10(-4) M) was
      not affected by papaverine (10(-5) M). Furthermore, in the papillary muscle
      treated with papaverine the level of cAMP was significantly reduced by
      methoxamine: the papaverine-induced increase of cAMP was abolished by
      methoxamine. 4. The present results are compatible with the hypothesis that cAMP
      is involved as a mediator in the positive inotropic effect induced by beta
      adrenoceptor stimulation, and indicate further that the stimulation of alpha
      adrenoceptors evokes its positive inotropic effec through a mechanism other than
      that elicited by beta-adrenoceptor stimulation, i.e., independent of cAMP.

PMID- 169487
TI  - On the role of alpha-methyldopamine in the antihypertensive effect of alpha
      methyldopa.
AB  - In renal hypertensive rats the cerebral concentration of alpha-methyldopa, alpha
      methyldopamine, alpha-methylnoradrenaline, dopamine and noradrenaline as well as
      the blood-pressure were determined simultaneously. The antihypertensive effect
      followed a time course identical to that of the increase in the cerebral
      concentration of alpha-methyldopamine and of the decrease in the concentration of
      dopamine, whereas lowering of blood pressure on the one hand, and changes in the
      levels of alpha-methylnoradrenaline and noradrenaline, on the other, were not
      related to each other. Dose-response relationships showed the same correlations
      and lack of correlations, respectively. These results suggest that non-betat
      hydroxylated catecholamines play a major role in mediating the antihypertensive
      effect of alpha-methyldopa or, alternatively, that only the newly biosynthesized
      alpha-methyl-noradrenaline is effective in lowering blood pressure.

PMID- 169488
TI  - [Hypophysis and behavior].

PMID- 169489
TI  - Polypeptides isolated from ribosome-like structures occluded in avian
      myeloblastosis virus (AMV).
AB  - The protein composititon of ribosome-like particles isolated from AMV was
      determined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and by immunological methods. It was
      established that the protein spectrum of ribosome-like particles differed
      significantly form the total protein spectrum of AMV. The most characteristic
      protein components of ribosome-like particles had a molecular weight in the range
      of 70 000--110 000. Apart from these proteins, the viral ribosomal particles
      contained  a small amount of proteins with a molecular weight of 14 000--35 000
      that could not be removed even by extensive purification. Immunological studies
      of the proteins of ribosome-like particles revealed the presence of antigenic
      determinants of ribosomal proteins. Furthermore, throughout the purification
      procedure the material contained components that reacted with antibodies against
      gs antigens.

PMID- 169490
TI  - Mammalian tropism of B77(RBI) virus. Expression of virus genome in the hamster
      sarcoma cell clones.
AB  - In contrast to the B77 virus, its B77(RBI) rat variant continuously produced by
      the rat RBI sarcoma cells in vivo and in vitro, efficiently induced progressively
      growing tumors in hamsters and transformed hamster embryo cells in vitro. Both,
      induced tumors and transformed cell cultures showed production of infectious
      virus and presence of the avian gs-antigen. Clonal analysis of the established
      hamster sarcoma cell line RBHtc brought evidence that despite the quantitative
      differences in the virus production and gs-antigen content among various clonal
      populations, full expression of the B77(RBI) virus genome does occur in each cell
      of the virus-induced hamster sarcoma. The permissive relationship of the B77(RBI)
      virus with rat and hamster cells as well as changed antigenic composititon
      implies that a genetic change of the virus occured, which is reflected in its
      increased mammalian tropism and its genetically stable firus-productive
      interaction with mammalian cells. The possible explanations of these phenomena
      are discussed.

PMID- 169491
TI  - The experience with clinical application of hydron pouches in tumor chemotherapy.
AB  - Hydron pouches were applied in three cases of embryonal hepatomas in infants.
      Cyclophosphamide (one case) and methotrexate (two cases) were used for filling of
      pouches in order to accomplish local chemotherapeutical effect directly on the
      tumor. Histopathological examination showed good compatibility of pouches to the
      liver tissue. No therapeutical effect was observed in a set of experiments due to
      a small size of pouches as compared to big masses of tumor. Some suggestions for
      further development of this method are presented.

PMID- 169492
TI  - Local circuit neurons.

PMID- 169494
TI  - Mononeuropathy due to vincristine toxicity.
AB  - Vincristine sulfate is a known neurotoxin. Peripheral neuropathy is the most
      common toxic manifestation and is usually of the symmetrical, mixed, sensory
      motor type. With this report we alert other physicians to another feature of
      vincristine neurotoxicity, namely, mononeuropathy.

PMID- 169493
TI  - In vitro cellular responsiveness in multiple sclerosis patients to a viral
      isolate from multiple sclerosis brain tissue and to other antigens.
AB  - The Clausen modification of the leukocyte migration test was used to test
      patients with multiple sclerosis, normal subjects, and patients with other
      neurologic diseases for cell-mediated immunity to 6/94 virus (a parainfluenza
      virus previously isolated from the brain tissue of a multiple sclerosis patient),
      c-RNA virus isolated from a tumor, and the nonviral antigens Candida and purified
      protein derivative. Leukocytes of multiple sclerosis patient showed significantly
      less mean inhibition of migration by the 6/94 virus (but not by the c-RNA virus,
      purified protein derivative, and Candida) than did the cells of normal controls
      and patients with other neurologic diseases. The relationship of these findings
      to previous observations in this area and to the pathogenesis of multiple
      sclerosis is discussed.

PMID- 169495
TI  - Some perspectives on the role of biostatistics and epidemiology in the prevention
      and control of mental disorders.
AB  - The paper reviews progress made in the past 30 years in the development of
      statistical and epidemiological methods in the mental health field. Applications
      have included determinations of need for psychiatric care and supporting
      personnel; interpretation of morbidity indices, and cross-national comparisons of
      diagnoses of mental disorders. Much remains to be done. Progress would include
      better measurement of incidence, duration, and prevalence of mental disorders;
      more precise estimates of service needs; more effective programs to prevent or
      reduce disability. Particularly needed are field-research units under long-term
      funding with the task of assessing effectiveness of mental health programs at the
      catchment-area level.

PMID- 169496
TI  - [Contribution of electromyography to the diagnosis and to therapeutic indications
      in acroparesthesias].

PMID- 169497
TI  - [An unusual localization of a benign synovioma].

PMID- 169498
TI  - Neuropathy in renal patients on chronic dialysis.

PMID- 169499
TI  - Neurological complications of haemophilia.
AB  - Peripheral nerve lesions are well recognised complications of the haemophilias
      but impairment of autonomic function has not previously been reported. Two
      patients of the severe older haemophiliac population in the area were found to
      have impotence in association with signs of peripheral nerve damage. The basis
      proposed for this is autonomic nerve injury associated with intramuscular
      haemorrhage.

PMID- 169500
TI  - Response of pituitary-adrenal axis on partal stress.
AB  - The circulating level of ACTH (by radioimmunoassay) and cortisol (by competitive
      protein binding) were determined at 1- to 2-hour intervals during spontaneous
      labor (N=8) and induced labor (N=28) and after delivery. There were no
      differences in ACTH levels between primiparous and multiparous women. The
      primiparous women displayed a higher level of cortisol throughout labor than the
      multiparous women, but not after delivery. After spontaneous onset of labor, ACTH
      levels were always lower than after elective induction of labor, while there were
      no differences in the levels of cortisol. The hypertensive complications of
      pregnancy did not affect the secretion of ACTH. In normal pregnancy the rise of
      cortisol during labor and after delivery was significant, but it was not
      significant in the group of patients with hypertensive complications.

PMID- 169501
TI  - Invasive vulvar Paget's disease.
AB  - Seven cases of invasive vulvar Paget's disease are presented. These are compared
      with 10 cases of intraepithelial vulvar Paget's disease. On the basis of both
      clinical and histopathologic observations, the concept of intraepithelial vulvar
      Paget's disease is supported, and this entity is distinguished from the invasive
      form. Therapy for the latter is discussed.

PMID- 169502
TI  - Dermatitis from neutral red therapy of herpes genitalis.
AB  - A case of contact dermatitis from neutral red dye applied for treatment of herpes
      genitalis is presented. A review of the literature revealed 5 other patients with
      a similar reaction. We suggest that neutral red dye treatment for herpes should
      be used with caution in patients with an allergic history.

PMID- 169504
TI  - [Tests used in studies of loudness recruitment].

PMID- 169503
TI  - The history of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (1939-1975).

PMID- 169505
TI  - [Glomerular hidradenoma of the auricle].

PMID- 169506
TI  - Growth and skeletal maturation in asthmatic children: effect of corticosteroid
      treatment.
AB  - The effects of corticosteroid treatment on growth and skeletal maturation were
      evaluated in 189 children with severe asthma who were referred for care at a
      residential treatment center.  Height age on admission was significantly retarded
      in 8-10% of patients who had received little corticosteroid treatment previously
      and in 35% of patients who had taken steroids daily for more than 2 years. 
      Children who had been treated with steroids intermittently or on alternate days
      were comparable to those who had taken steroids rarely.  During an average
      residential period of 17 months, patients whose daily steroid treatment was
      discontinued had a relative gain in height age of 5 months; children who were
      started on daily steroids had a 5-month delay in growth.  Evaluation of skeletal
      maturation at the time of admission revealed that skeletal age was more retarded
      than height age in the boys and less retarded than the height age in the girls. 
      During the period of residence, the changes in bone age paralleled the changes in
      height age.

PMID- 169508
TI  - Stimulation of growth hormone secretion by levodopa-propranolol in children and
      adolescents.
AB  - Levodopa, 0.5 gm/1.73 sq m, and propranolol, 0.75 mg/kg, were administered orally
      to 23 children with short stature and 10 children suffering from various
      disorders. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests and arginine infusions were also
      utilized in some of these subjects to determine growth hormone (GH) response.
      Seventeen subjects with short stature had a GH peak greater than 5 ng/ml to the
      combined levodopa-propranolol provocative test (DPPT). The mean GH peak
      concentration obtained in this group was 19.6 +/- 1.8 (SEM) ng/ml, and in 94.1%
      of these children the peak was obtained at either 30, 60, or 90 minutes following
      the administration of the two drugs. Six subjects with short stature who failed
      to respond to the DPPT had abnormal responses to at least two other stimulatory
      tests and were classified as GH-deficient. Two subjects among the ten suffering
      from various disorders failed to respond to the DPPT. The first was a case of
      chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary gland with primary amenorrhea and
      luteinizing hormone deficiency, and the second a case of Hand-Schuller-Christian
      disease. The DPPT appears to be a reliable, safe, and easy-to-perform test to
      determine GH reserve.

PMID- 169507
TI  - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1, alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in children: biologic and
      therapeutic effects in nutritional rickets and different types of vitamin D
      resistance.
AB  - This investigation confirms the high level of biologic activity and the
      similarity of the effects of small doses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2
      D3) and of its analog 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha-OH-D3) on children with
      nutritional rickets, "pseudodeficiency" rickets (PDR), hereditary
      hypophosphatemia, chronic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, and chronic renal
      failure.  It also shows that cystinotic patients may develop, at the end stage of
      the disease, a certain degree of resistance to 1,25-(OH)2-D3.  The comparison of
      the therapeutic effects of long term oral administration of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 or
      1alpha-OH-D3 to two D-deficient children and two sibs with PDR demonstrates
      differences in sensitivity.  In the patients with nutritional rickets, 0.5 mug/24
      hr of either drug corrects the biochemical abnormalities, initiates healing of
      skeletal lesions in 28 days, and cures the metaphyseal le lesions in 60 days of
      therapy.  In contrast, it appears that doses of either drug that are curative in
      D deficiency rickets are only partly active in PDR.  These observations indicate
      that the hypothesis of a deficit in 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 1alpha-hydroxylase
      in patients with PDR must await for confirmation more direct evidences, and that
      such a deficit, even if proven, may not account for all of the biochemical and
      skeletal alterations seen in patients with this inherited disorder.

PMID- 169509
TI  - Nutrition, growth, development, and maturation: findings from the ten-state
      nutrition survey of 1968-1970.

PMID- 169510
TI  - Successful treatment of Wilms' tumor with intracranial metastases.

PMID- 169511
TI  - Herbalism.

PMID- 169512
TI  - [Effect of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on serum levels of adenosine-3'5'
      monophosphate and electrolytes in patients treated with repeated hemodialysis].

PMID- 169513
TI  - [Temporal relationship concerning changes in blood insulin, sugar and adenozine
      3'5'-monophosphate following administration of glucagon to healthy subjects].

PMID- 169514
TI  - [Effect of intravenous hydrocortisone in plasma ACTH level in Addison's disease].

PMID- 169515
TI  - [Cytochemical studies of peripheral granulocytes and lymphocytes in patients wirh
      systemic lupus erythematous].

PMID- 169516
TI  - [Vitamin D-3 and its metabolites. Its biochemical metabolism and activity in the
      body].

PMID- 169517
TI  - [Cytochemical reactions of peripheral blood leukocytes in infectious
      mononucleosis].

PMID- 169519
TI  - Viral hepatitis.

PMID- 169520
TI  - Sexually transmissible diseases.

PMID- 169518
TI  - [Superoxide dismutase (author's transl)].

PMID- 169521
TI  - Reduction of Clostridium perfringens by feed additive antibiotics in the ceca of
      chickens infected with Eimeria tenella.
AB  - Two experiments were performed ot investigate the effect of feed additive
      antibiotics on Clostridium perfringens and Enterobacteriaceae in the ceca of
      chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. In the first experiment, chickens were
      continuously fed rations containing thiopeptin, 2 mg./kg.; bacitracin, 20
      mg./kg.; penicillin, 12 mg./kg.; or chlortetracycline, 22 mg./kg. One day after
      antibiotic feed was given, each bird received an oral inoculation of 30,000 E.
      tenella oocysts. The growth of C. perfringens was stimulated by the infection in
      unmedicated chickens. Dietary thiopeptin, bacitracin, penicillin, or
      chlortetracycline suppressed the number of C. perfringens recovered 5 and 7 days
      after infection. Enterobacteriaceae were increased by the infection, but dietary
      antibiotics did not reduce the increase. In the second experiment, chickens were
      given feed containing amprolium plus ethopabate, 125 plus 8 mg./kg., and a
      combination of the coccidiostat and one of 4 antibiotics: thiopeptin, bacitracin,
      penicillin, or chlortetracycline. Birds were each given an oral inoculation of
      30,000 coccidiostat-resistant E. tenella oocysts. Infection resulted in an
      increase of C. perfringens in the unmedicated control and the coccidiostat
      treated groups. Dietary thiopeptin, bacitracin, penicillin, or chlortetracycline
      reduced the number of C. perfringens found 5 and 7 days after infection. Counts
      of Enterobacteriaceae were increased by the infection, but dietary antibiotics
      did not suppress the increased counts. In both experiments, dietary
      administration of antibiotics did not reduce gross cecal lesions.

PMID- 169522
TI  - [Editorial: Modern aspects of sleep research (author's transl)].

PMID- 169523
TI  - [Prenatal infections and nervous system (author's transl)].

PMID- 169524
TI  - Assignment of gene(s) for cell transformation to human chromosome 7 carrying the
      simian virus 40 genome.
AB  - Somatic cell hybrid clones between either C57BL/6 or Balb/c mouse peritoneal
      macrophages and two different simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed human cell lines
      deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8;
      IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase) were obtained in hypoxanthine
      aminopterin-thymidine selective medium. All the hybrid cell clones contained the
      human chromosome 7, which carries the SV40 genome, and were SV40 tumor (T)
      antigen positive. No hybrid cell clones studied displayed the density-dependent
      inhibition of cell growth characteristic of normal cells; all clones had a high
      saturation density and gave origin to cell colonies when plated in soft agar.
      Since the expression of the transformed phenotype was always associated with the
      presence of the human chromosome 7, which carries the SV40 genome, it is
      concluded that this chromosome contains gene(s) [Tr gene(s)] coding for
      "transforming factor(s)."

PMID- 169525
TI  - Augmentation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity by antibody to herpesvirus saimiri
      associated antigens.
AB  - Sera from owl monkeys infected with Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) mediated antibody
      dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity (ADLC) against virus-infected owl monkey kidney
      cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from rhesus monkeys served as effector cells
      in this cytotoxic assay. ADLC titers increased along with membrane
      immunofluorescence (MF) titers but among some sera, the ADLC titers were much
      higher than expected from the MF titers, suggesting that multiple serum factors
      were involved in mediating ADLC in this system. Absorption of both low and high
      titered sera with HVS-infected owl monkey kidney cells removed all ADLC activity.
      Preliminary results from serial serum samples from two infected monkeys that
      developed leukemia and/or lymphoma demonstrated that ADLC but not MF titers
      increased to high titers with progression of disease and followed essentially a
      different kinetic pattern than that noted by MF. The possible significance of
      these findings in relation to malignant disease induced by this virus is
      discussed.

PMID- 169527
TI  - Investigation of some materials as dry binders for direct compression in tablet
      manufacture. Part 5: Effects of lubricants and flow conditions.
AB  - The effect of talc, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and Acrawax C, which are
      commonly used as lubricants, on the dry-binding efficiency of tragacanth,
      polyethylene glycol 4000, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and mannitol were investigated.
      The effect of Aerosil which is sometimes utilized as a flow conditioner for
      directly compressible powder blends was also studied. The type and concentration
      of lubricant or flow conditioner appeared to influence the binding efficiency of
      the binders investigated to various degrees. The results showed that the bonding
      characteristics of all the binders tested except mannitol were reduced by the
      addition of the lubricants and the flow conditioner.

PMID- 169526
TI  - A structural change of the plasma membrane induced by oncogenic viruses:
      quantitative studies with the freeze-fracture technique.
AB  - In BHK21 hamster cells a significant increase in density of intramembranous
      particles occurs in freeze-fractured plasma membranes after transformation by
      hamster sarcoma and polyoma viruses. A similar change has been observed in chick
      embryo cells infected and transformed by a mutant of Rous sarcoma virus
      thermosensitive for transformation, at both permissive and nonpermissive
      temperatures. There is also an increase in particle density in chick cells
      infected with the Rous-associated avian leukosis virus type 1. The newly appeared
      particles may represent the insertion of new proteins in hydrophobic regions of
      plasma membrane, in response to the action of oncogenic viruses.

PMID- 169528
TI  - [Studies on the mixing of eutectic forming drugs].

PMID- 169529
TI  - The development of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes in rat heart muscle.
AB  - Three different developmental patterns have been found in the heart muscle
      mitochondria: (a) Activity of inner membrane enzymes, succinate-cytochrome c
      reductase and rotenone-sensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase, was found to
      increase rapidly after birth till the 25th day; no further increase was found
      till the 60th day. Both brances of the respiratory chain, i.e. NADH-dependent and
      flavoprotein-linked were found to develop in parallel. (b) Activity of retoenone
      insensitive-NADH cytochrome c reductase, an outer membrane enzyme, did not show
      any change during developement. (c) Activity of monoamine oxidase, another outer
      membrane enzyme, was found to increase after the 10th day of postnatal life and
      the increase in activity continued till the 60th day.

PMID- 169530
TI  - Activity of the inner and outer membrane oxidative enzymes in brown adipose
      tissue mitochondria.
AB  - 1. The specific activity of cytochrome-oxidase, succinate-cytochrome c reductase
      and su-cinate-oxidase of brown adipose tissue mitochondria of 17-day-old rats was
      found to be twice as high in brwon adipose tissue mitochondria as in the liver.
      The specific activity of rotenone-sensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH
      oxidase was found to be six times higher in brown adipose tissue mitochondria
      than in the liver. 2. Brown adipose tissue mitochondria have extremely low
      activity of outer membrane enzymes. When compared with liver the specific
      activity of rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase was found to be
      seven times lower, the specific activity of monoamineoxidase up to 30 times lower
      according to the substrate used. 3. The optimum conditions for the determination
      of both NADH-cytochrome c reductases in brown adipose tissue mitochondria were
      more specified on the base of the following findings: (a) the outer membrane
      rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase is strongly inactivated by
      freezing-thawing, (b) freezing-thawing, alone is insufficient to release
      completely maximal activity of rotenone-sensitive NADH-cytochrone c reductase,
      freezing-thawing activite can be further potentiated by e.g. trypsin treatment.
      4. The activities of the outer membranes of brown-adipose tissue mitochondria are
      discussed with regards to the structural integrity of the outer membrane, the
      activities of the inner membrane enzymes are discussed with regards to the
      functional specifity of the tissue.

PMID- 169531
TI  - The thin layer chromatographic behaviour of some rauwolfia alkaloids on silica
      gel layers.

PMID- 169532
TI  - REM sleep and the analytic process: a psychophysiologic bridge.
AB  - Recent research on the physiology of REM sleep has supported the hypothesis that
      it serves processes of psychologic adaptation. This study examines the
      relationship between physiologic parameters of REM sleep and evidence in analytic
      material of the need for adaptation. Significant correlations were found between
      defensive strain before sleep and REM latency, and between change in defensive
      strain from evening to morning and total REM time.

PMID- 169533
TI  - Clinical measurement in psychoanalysis: an approach.
AB  - Measurement of the complex phenomena in psychoanalysis is approached by defining
      interrelated elements in the analytic situation and specifying the range of their
      variation in scales which can be both generalized and made specific for an
      individual patient. Using this approach in transcripts of psychoanalytic
      sessions, we rate painful emotion, impairment of defensive maneuvers, and
      activation of threatening conflictual fantasies. This preliminary study involved
      rating of tape-recorded sessions by psychoanalytically oriented judges.
      Quantitative estimates appeared to relate in many ways to qualitative
      fluctuations in the patient's state. Such an approach may be helpful in
      developing more effective clinical theory about emotions, defensive processes,
      and transference fantasies.

PMID- 169534
TI  - "Exotic" treatments and Western psychiatry.

PMID- 169535
TI  - Outcome studies in mental hospitals: a review .

PMID- 169536
TI  - Some effects of ACTH 4-10 on performance during a serial reaction task.
AB  - Eighteen subjects worked continuously for half an hour in a self-paced reaction
      task. Half of the subjects were injected with ACTH 4-10 (30 mg/s.c.) and the
      other half with a placebo. The subjects injected with ACTH 4-10 showed a larger
      improvement in reaction time during the experimental session than the placebo
      group. However, this effect disappeared in a short retest, which was given half
      an hour after the experimental session. These results suggest that ACTH 4-10 has
      no effect on skill acquisition, but counteracts the build-up of reactive
      inhibition during the experimental session; that is, the peptide suppresses the
      decrease in motivation, which usually occurs during continuous performance tasks.
      This notion is confirmed by an analysis of the frequency distributions of the
      reaction times. Treatment effects were only found for the long reaction times.
      Long reaction times tend to occur with increasing frequency as a function of time
      on-task and are an indication for the level of motivation of the subject. It was
      concluded that ACTH 4-10 counteracts the usual decay in performance as a function
      of time-on-task due to increasing boredom and mental fatigue.

PMID- 169537
TI  - [Effects of alpha-methyl-dopa on new born kitten sleep. Behavioral evolution
      during the first month post-birth (author's transl)].
AB  - The paradoxical sleep (PS)-suppressing effect of alpha-methyl-Dopa was studied in
      kittens at birth. The new burn animal received daily injections of alpha-methyl
      Dopa during the 2 first weeks of life. States of sleep were studied during the
      treatment (days 1 to 14) and after administration of the drug way halted (days 15
      and 16). Daily injections of alpha-methyl-Dopa induce an average PS-deprivation
      of 72%. This deprievation is compensated for by a significant increase in quiet
      sleep (QS)-rate which is found to be up to 3.5 times that of kittens not
      receiving alpha-methyl-Dopa. A progressive return of PS-ratio to normal, without
      PS rebound, is observed after drug administration ceases. Alpha-methyl-Dopa
      produces a sedative effect on the kitten which remains relatively hypotonic
      during the treatment. Behavioural studies carried out over the first month after
      birth show no significant delay in the ponderal growth nor in the acquisition of
      stereotyped behaviour patterns. However motor coordination is delayed 2 weeks in
      these kittens.

PMID- 169539
TI  - The effects on subsequent sleep of an acute restriction of sleep length.

PMID- 169538
TI  - Effects of a new butyrophenone derivate (Buronil) on nocturnal sleep in normal
      man.
AB  - Nocturnal sleep was studied in eight young normal volunteers (3 female and 5 male
      students) with polygraphic technique during 2 periods of 10 night each. After 2
      adaptation and 2 baseline nights with placebo, they were given methylperone
      (Buronil) 10 or 50 mg per night during three nights and then again placebo for
      three withdrawal nights. The study was made double blind. The scoring of the
      records was done according to the manual by Rechtschaffen and Kales (1968). No
      changes of sleep stages were seen during the drug periods. The lower dose gave an
      increase of sleep latency but a decrease of number of awakenings during the
      night. An increase of REM-periods was shown after 50 mg and also a decrease of
      REM-latency and REM-density. The only significant change during withdrawal
      periods was a decrease of REM-sleep after methylperone 50 mg, so there was no
      "barbiturate type" of withdrawal. The change was also different from that of
      chloropromazine, which has no clear rebound effect.

PMID- 169540
TI  - Readaptation to the sleep laboratory in insomniac subjects.

PMID- 169542
TI  - A "nonintrusive" longitudinal study of infant sleep.

PMID- 169541
TI  - Musculosketal symptoms and non-REM sleep disturbance in patients with "fibrositis
      syndrome" and healthy subjects.
AB  - In sleep studies of (a) patients with the "fibrositis syndrome" and (b) healthy
      subjects undergoing stage 4 sleep deprivation, we observed in both groups the
      anomalous presence of alpha-rhythms in the non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep
      EEG.  This phenomenon has been termed alpha-delta sleep.  In the healthy subjects
      stage 4 deprivation was accompanied by the temporary appearance of
      muscoloskeletal and mood symptoms comparable to the symptoms seen chronically in
      the patients.  It is suggested that the external arousing stimulus, which induced
      alpha-delta sleep in the subjects, is paralleled in the patients by an internal
      arousing mechanism.  Such a mechanism, acting in competition with the NREM sleep
      system, would impair the presumed restorative function of NREM sleep and lead to
      the development of symptoms.  It is proposed that the "fibrositis" symptom
      complex be considered a "non-restorative sleep syndrome".  Evidence froms
      presented in support of the hypothesis that a disorder of serotonin metabolism
      serves as a basis for both the EEG sleep disturbance and the symptoms.

PMID- 169543
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the placenta of the ewe following foetal infusion of
      cortisol.
AB  - The placental changes which followed continuous infusion of cortisol into the
      sheep foetus in the later stages of gestation were, like the hormonal changes,
      broadly similar to those of spontaneous parturition. There was, however, a
      premature separation of foetal and maternal tissues in certain areas of the
      placental cotyledons, and this separation appeared to protect the foetal
      epithelium from the degenerative changes which normally take place in the short
      space of time between the birth of the lamb and the delivery of the foetal
      membranes. The results suggest that an experimental model in which premature
      labour is induced by the administration of cortisol to the foetus is probably
      incomplete, and that additional factors almost certainly contribute to the
      cascade phenomenon of spontaneous parturition.

PMID- 169544
TI  - Cavernous hemangioma of the liver.

PMID- 169545
TI  - The search for the chemistry of memory: recent trends and the logic of
      investigation in the role of cholinergic and adrenergic transmitters.

PMID- 169546
TI  - Effects of excitation of the metabolism of a simple neuronal system: the
      mammalian sympathetic ganglion.

PMID- 169547
TI  - [Before and after the discovery of the cytochrome C1--instead of a preface
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 169548
TI  - [Primary processes in energy transfer of photosynthesis (author's transl)].

PMID- 169549
TI  - [Oxidative phosphorylation--structure and function (author's transl)].

PMID- 169550
TI  - A biochemical hypothesis to explain the mechanism of luteal regression.
AB  - It seems likely that luteal regression may involve a direct biochemical action of
      prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on the luteal cell since there are now several
      reports that PGF2alpha can directly inhibit steroidogenesis in vitro. However,
      the mechanism of such an action of PGF2alpha remains obscure. This article
      initially reviews the central role of adenosine 3,I5I-mono-phosphate (c-AMP) in
      initiating and maintaining the structural and functional changes occurring on
      luteinisation. A mechanism is suggested, supported by results obtained using
      granulosa cells in tissue culture, in which PGF2alpha initiates functional
      luteolysis by inhibiting further synthesis of c-AMP. This mechanism is then used
      in conjunction with further in vitro observations to provide a possible
      explanation for the inability of PGF2alpha to regress newly formed corpora lutea.
      Finally, the possible mechanisms of structural regression are discussed.

PMID- 169551
TI  - Secretion rate of prostaglandin F during induced labor in goats.
AB  - Relationships between plasma flow and plasma concentrations of prostaglandin F
      were examined in the utero-ovarian veins of three pregnant goats. Plasma flow,
      measured by veno-arterial dilution of para-Aminohippurate in two goats, was
      unchanged or increased slightly when PGF concentrations were elvated by short
      term infusions of PGF2alpha into a uterine vein. Utero-ovarian plasma flow was
      measured during labor in two goats. Flow doubled during advanced labor and then
      decreased sharply to very low rates during the terminal expulsive phase of stage
      II labor. A total of 8.3 and 9.5 mg PGF was released into the utero-ovarian vein
      of two goats during the last 6 hours before fetal delivery and maximal release
      rates of approximately 100 ug. min-1 were obtained some 5-10 minutes before
      delivery was completed. The highest plasma concentrations of PGF were detected
      immediately after completion of fetal delivery when utero-ovarian plasma flows
      were lowest.

PMID- 169553
TI  - Structural requirements for the binding of prostaglandins.
AB  - The binding of prostaglandins and analogs to the lipocyte PGE receptor was shown
      to exhibit a high degree of structural specificity. Small changes, particulary at
      the 9-keto or 15-hydroxyl position, were found to drastically diminish
      interaction with the receptor. Studies of a rather substantial number of
      compounds revealed a close relationshio between affinity for the lipocyte PGE
      receptor and the ability to stimulate cyclic AMP synthesis in the isolated mouse
      ovary. In general, activities in these two parameters follow the biological
      potencies generally recognized for the compounds.

PMID- 169552
TI  - Compartive behavioral effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E1 in
      mice.
AB  - Three behavioral tests, spontaneous locomotor activity (SLMA), exploratory
      behavior (EB) and rotarod performance (RP), a measure of neuromuscular
      coordination, were used to stuey the interaction of PGE1 (1 mg/kg i.p., 10 min.
      pretreatment) with DBcAMP (25 mg/kg i.p., 25 min. pretreatment) in mice. A dose
      response relationship of PGE1 (0.01-5.0 mg/kg) to SLMA was determined, with a
      significant decrease in SLMA produced by a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. decreases in SLMA
      were produced by PGE1 (79%), DBcAMP (41%) and DBcAMP-PGE1 combination (71%).
      Similar decreases in EB were observed. Although no significant difference between
      controls and DBcAMP was observed in RP, 52% of mice tested were RP failures
      following PGE1 and a 100% failure rate was induced by the combination. Mice were
      treated with a second injection of DBcAMP or PGE1 or the combination 24 hr
      following the first injection. Behavioral activity of these mice was observed 25
      min (DBcAMP) or 10 min (PGE1) after the second dose was administered. A second
      injection of DBcAMP failed to decrease SLMA and EB from controls; moreover, SLMA
      began to return towards control levels as early as 2 hr between injections. The
      second injection of PGE1 or DBcAMP+PGE1 produced the same behavior as that
      produced by the first injection. On the basis of these results, the relationship
      of cyclic nucleotides and PGs to behavioral activity is discussed.

PMID- 169554
TI  - [Histiocytoma; histiocytoma proliferans; histiocytoma malignum (clinical and
      morphological observations)].

PMID- 169555
TI  - RNA synthesis by isolated Yoshida ascites hepatoma A.H. 130 cells mitochondria.
AB  - Mitochondria isolated from Yoshida ascites hepatoma A.H. 130 cells are able to
      incorporate 3H-UTP into RNA. The reaction has been extensively characterized and
      appear to be supported by a typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and no special
      differences with the system of normal rat liver mitochondria have been found.

PMID- 169556
TI  - On the diuretic action produced dibutyryl cyclic AMP in dogs.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken on order to elucidate the mechanism  of diuresis
      induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP in dogs. Intravenous injections of dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP produced an increase in urine flow in dogs hydrated with saline. It
      was also noted that dibutyryl cyclic AMP produced an increase in myocardial
      contraction, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate; In addition,
      unilateral injection of dibutyryl cyclic AMP into the left renal artery produced
      diuresis bilaterally. Based on the above findings it was suggested that the
      diuretic action induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP is associated with its
      hemodynamic effect.

PMID- 169557
TI  - Technique of lymphography in the rat.
AB  - Most the lymphatic system in the rat was directly observed in our experiment by
      radiological means. The lymphatics of the limbs were firstly revealed by
      subcutaneous injection of Patent Blue V. Lipiodol was used as radio-opaque
      compound injected by a micro-technique fully described by the authors.

PMID- 169559
TI  - Comparison of the effects of vitamin D3, dihydrotachysterol, and parathormone on
      calcium kinetics in the rat.
AB  - Rats were treated with 100 I.U. (= 2.5 mcg) Vit. D3/day during 14 days and
      submitted to a radio-Calcium assay of Calcium kinetics. The results were compared
      with those obtained in weight-matched pair-fed controls, and with those obtained
      in former experiments applying dihydrotachysterol and parathormone. Vit. D3,
      which is transformed to a hormone, increased the fast exchange compartment, the
      exchange rate between the compartments, the endogenous fecal Calcium excretion
      rate, and the bone uptake and release rates. These findings indicate that the
      Vit. D-hormone is more similar in its action to the other hormone, parathormone,
      than to its close chemical relative dihydrotachysterol.

PMID- 169560
TI  - [Cathecholamine in heart failure (author's transl)].

PMID- 169558
TI  - Vinblastine-induced ultrastructural changes in perisinusoidal cells of the rat
      liver.
AB  - Vinblastine, given intravenously to rats, leads to disappearance of microtubules,
      formation of paracrystalline inclusions and accumulation of fat droplets in the
      cytoplasm of the perisinusoidal cells of the liver suggesting that microtubules
      of the perisinusoidal cells play a role in lipid metabolism.

PMID- 169561
TI  - [Paresthesias originating in peripheral nerve trunks].

PMID- 169562
TI  - Heterodox practitioners and the availability of specialist advice.
AB  - The characteristics of the principal categories of more professional heterodox
      practice are examined. It is concluded that rheumatic diseases are one of the
      likeliest fields for conflcit between orthodox and fringe medicine. The
      distribution of manpower engaged in alternative systems of health care is
      compared with that of orthodox medical services. The limited data on  utilization
      of unorthodox remedies are reviewed. Far from conflict ensuing, it is argued that
      dialogue must develop in order to submit procedures like manipulation to
      satisfactory clinical trial.

PMID- 169563
TI  - [Digestive complications of corticoid treatment].

PMID- 169564
TI  - [Mixed tumors and cylindromas].
AB  - The lacrimals glands may be the focus of the pleomorphic tumours with the same
      property as the major and minor salivary glands. Their localisation causes
      different clinical and therapeutic consequences. The cylindromes or Adenoid
      Cystic Carcinoma are to be put on a parallel with the pleomorphic tumours, though
      the issue of the clinical evolution is very different for each of them.

PMID- 169565
TI  - [The metabolic effect of vitamins D in chronic renal insufficiency (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 169566
TI  - Plasma lipoproteins in familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency:
      effects of dietary manipulation.
AB  - To study the metabolism of the abnormal plasma lipoproteins in familial
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency we performed five dietary
      experiments designed to perturb their distribution and composition. Four patients
      with the disease were given successive diets that differed in triglyceride,
      carbohydrate, or cholestrol content, and after each dietary period the
      lipoproteins were analyzed by combinations of preparative and analytical
      ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, chromatography, and disc gel electrophorsis.
      Lowering the intake of long chain, dietary triglyceride descreased the
      concentrations of the large very low density lipoproteins, the large and
      intermediate low density lipoproteins, and the small high density lipoproteins by
      as much ad 79 %, but either increased or did not change the concentrations of the
      small very low and low density lipoproteins. Re-adding long chain triglycerdine
      to the diet generally reversed these effects, but increasing the dietary
      cholesterol without lowering the dietary triglyceride only decreased the
      concentration of plasma cholesteryl ester. We conclude that the concentrations of
      the large very low and low sensity lipoproteins, the intermediate-sized low
      density lipoproteins, and the small high density lipoproteins are related to the
      absorption and subsequent transport of long chain dietary fatty acids. Since
      these lipoproteins are rich in unesterified cholesterol and lecithin, two polar
      lipids that form a substantial part of the surfaces of chylomicrons, components
      of chylomicron surfaces may accumulate in the patient's plasma following enzymic
      removal of chylomicron triglyceride and contribute to several of the abnormal
      lipoproteins.

PMID- 169567
TI  - Plasma lipoproteins in familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency:
      effects of incubation with lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in vitro.
AB  - To study the effect of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) on the plasma
      lipoproteins of patients with familial LCAT deficiency, whole plasma or the
      lipoprotein fraction of d smaller than 1.006 g/ml (VLDL) was incubated in the
      presence of LCAT and subsequently examined by chemical, physical, and
      immunological techniques. The following occured upon incubating either
      hyperlipemic or nonlipemic plasma: The concentrations of polar lipids decreased,
      particulary in the large molecular weight lipoprotein subfraction of d 1.019
      1.063 g/ml (LDL2) and in the lipoprotein fraction of 1.06301.25 g/ml (HDL). The
      concentration of cholesteryl ester (CE) increased, particularly in the VLDL and
      in the lipoprotein fractions of d 1.006-1.019 g/ml (LDL1) and LDL2. The
      concentration of arginine-rich apolipoprotein decreased in the HDL and increased
      in the VLDL and LDL1. The concentrations of the C-apoliproteins appeared to
      change in the opposite direction. The concentration of apolipoprotein B in the
      LDL increased concomitantly with an increase in the concentration and flotation
      rsate of the small LDL2. The concentration apolipoprotein A-I in the HDL
      increased; and a major component in the HDL fraction became identical in
      apperance to normal HDL. Upon incubating a patient's isolated VLDL in the
      presence of LCAT, lipoproteins with properties similar to normal LDL2 were
      formed. These experiments show that the LCAT reaction can alter the
      apolipoprotein content and physical properties as well as the lipid content of
      the patient's lipoproteins.

PMID- 169568
TI  - [Incidence, diagnosis and prevention of infectious rhinotracheitis and pustulous
      vulvovaginitis in Switzerland].

PMID- 169569
TI  - [Bovine papular stomatitis].

PMID- 169570
TI  - The metabolic code.

PMID- 169572
TI  - [Cytogenetic study of 30 couples having had several spontaneous abortions].
AB  - In 30 couples consulting after two or more failed pregnancies, the authors
      detected two women with reciprocal translocation in the heterozygous condition: t
      (5 ; 6) (q 35 ; q 21) in one case. t (5 ; 10) (q 15 ; q 25) in the other case. In
      both cases, there was, later, birth of a normal boy of karyotype 46, XY. It thus
      appears obvious that the balanced structural changes which occur in the fertility
      of these couples, reduces the latter.

PMID- 169571
TI  - [Encapsulating peri-hepatitis. Apropos of 4 cases].
AB  - The authors report 4 cases of encapsulating peri-hepatitis, including an
      angiographic study. Selective arteriography of the coeliac trunk showed extremely
      sinuous intra-hepatic arteries in 3 of these cases, and obstruction of the portal
      vein, in one case. Catheterisation of the hepatic veins showed a pressure
      gradient between the obstructed hepatic vein and the free supra-hepatic pressure,
      showing a post-sinusoidal block. In 2 of the 4 cases, ascites was chylous.
      Lymphography carried out via lymphatics in the foot was negative in 3 cases where
      it was carried out. One case showed, on two successive laparoscopies, that micro
      nodular cirrhosis was present before the development of encapsulating peri
      hepatitis.

PMID- 169573
TI  - [Radiologic study of gastric transit after ingestion of natural soda water].
AB  - Is a barium meal modified when soda water is used as a drink? In a series of 60
      patients, the authors studied radiologically, a barium meal after taking ordinary
      tap water and after taking soda water. They observed after taking soda water, an
      increase in volume of the air pocket at the upper end of the stomach with, in 69%
      of cases, return to normal within 10 minutes. Gastric emptying occurred more
      rapidly with soda water in 40% of cases, and identically in 30% of cases.

PMID- 169574
TI  - [Pathology of peripheral nerves (elementary lesions, their development and
      different types of neuropathies) (1st part)].
AB  - The ultrastructural features of the normal components of the endoneurium are
      described. The sequence of events of axonal (wallerian) and segmental
      demyelination are enumerated. The process of ageing in the peripheral nervous
      system is analysed.

PMID- 169576
TI  - [Smooth muscle in scleroderma. Introduction].

PMID- 169575
TI  - [Benign thalassemia, probably homozygous, in a black African].

PMID- 169577
TI  - [Arrector muscle in patients with scleroderma. Histological and histo
      enzymological study].
AB  - In a previous paper, we have found, at post-mortem examination of three cases of
      scleroderma, the oesophageal smooth muscle alterations already predicted by
      physiologists and reported by Treacy. These lesions mostly consist of a loss of
      the staining properties of the differenciated cytoplasm of the muscle cell,
      preceding any appearance of interstitial fibrosis. We have already reported these
      muscle lesions at all other levels of the digestive tract (stomach, small and
      large bowels), and also in the bladder muscle. In the present study, we have
      attempted to precise these notions in biopsies and have studied the arrector pili
      muscles in normal skin of 13 sclerodermic patients by means of histochemical
      (Regaud, Mallory, etc. ...) and enzyme stains. In all cases, we have been able to
      identify morphological alterations of the muscle fiber, mostly consisting in an
      irregular pattern of enzyme properties, especially when diaphorases,
      dehydrogenases and ATP ases were concerned. This work seems to confirm that the
      primary site of the sclerodermal lesions is situated in the smooth muscle fiber.

PMID- 169578
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of the arrector muscle in the patient with scleroderma.
      Preliminary analysis apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - An electron microscope study of the arrector pili muscle, using biopsies obtained
      from clinically and histologically healthy skin in 3 cases of scleroderma, showed
      the primary origin of the muscle disorders. They showed a certain number of
      changes, both of the differentiated cytoplasm and of the common cytoplasm.

PMID- 169579
TI  - [Psychosomatic study of duodenal ulcers in young adults in the military].
AB  - The authors report the relationship between psychological disturbances and
      duodenal ulcer, and discuss the conclusions of three studies carried out in
      military personnel. The group of young adults during war time, permitted them to
      analyse the role of psychological trauma in the onset and relapse of this
      disease. In young soldiers during peace time, there was significant affective
      immaturity. Finally, a study of young adults before call up, permitted comparison
      with military personnel. Rather than a study of specific characteristics, it
      appears that one should consider their dynamic organisation in order to
      understand the onset of symptoms.

PMID- 169581
TI  - [Pathology of the peripheral nerve. (Teasing, the various degrees of denervation,
      onion bulbs) (2nd part)].
AB  - Anatomical data for the interpretation of teased fibres are described. The
      different degrees of degeneration in a peripheral neuropathy are enumerated and
      criteria to identify them are given. The onion bulb formation process is analysed
      and some morphologically different types are proposed.

PMID- 169580
TI  - [Malignant hypercalcemia during Basedow's disease].

PMID- 169582
TI  - [Muscular disorders of the patient with scleroderma. Clinical study].
AB  - In scleroderma, the scapular striated muscles may be affected showing rapid
      fatigability, and sometimes, muscle wasting with EMG changes. The smooth muscle
      changes, well known in the esophagus, where they lead to loss of peristalsis, may
      also be marked in other parts of the digestive tract. They lead to various
      symptoms, such as cramps, vomiting and diarrhea.

PMID- 169583
TI  - [Relative increase and metacritic aggravation in the diagnosis of anicteric
      cholestasis].
AB  - The authors report 3 cases and report the diagnostic usefulness of two signs of
      minor cholestasis described by one of them in 1966. A relative increase, in the
      absence of obvious virus hepatitis or cirrhosis, of the serum bilirubin,
      cholesterol, lipids and alkaline phosphatase, together with B.S.P. excretion.
      suggest minor cholestasis. The sign of "metacritical aggravation" when there is
      some suspicion of minor cholestasis, the supervision of the course of the
      disease, or a retrospective inquiry, permit, in the presence of minor symptoms,
      such as, pain, fever, jaundice, or pruritus, one to make the diagnosis of minor
      cholestasis. The latter is due either to the presence of small gall stones in the
      common bile duct, or to inflammation of the ampulla of Vater, or sphincter of
      Oddi, a Vaterian ampulloma, pancreatitis, or following damage to the common bile
      duct. In practice, liver biopsy confirms the diagnosis, and intravenous
      cholangiography, by the perfusion method, is usually able to demonstrate
      obstruction of the common bile duct.

PMID- 169584
TI  - [Bone metastases of colonic and rectal neoplasms. Apropos of 11 cases].
AB  - The authors report 11 personal cases and discuss the characteristics of bony
      metastases in carcinoma of the colon and rectum. The frequency of these
      metastases is fairly low (1.3% of all cases of bony metastases) as tumours of the
      large intestine do not tend to migrate to the bones. Sometimes bony metastases
      are the presenting symptom but, usually the metastases occur within 5 years of
      the diagnosis of the primary tumour. The clinical picture shows no special
      characteristics. Radiologically, these bony metastases may be either single or
      multiple. Their distribution recalls that of other metastases in the bones with a
      few differences, however. The special frequence of pelvic involvement, distal
      localisations (hands or feet) are not exceptional. Metastases usually give rise
      to osteolysis. The mixed appearances are, however, not rare, and usually give a
      pseudo-sarcomatous appearance, with invasion of the soft parts and very marked
      periosteal reaction. Sometimes, bony condensation may be noted. The treatment of
      rectal and colonic cancer with bony metastases, is disappointing as the disease
      is always fatal within a relatively short period, usually less than one year
      after the diagnosis of the bone involvement. The histological appearances of the
      bony lesions depend on differenciation of the tumour and the characteristics of
      the neighbouring bony abnormalities which, in our experience, usually include
      both osteolysis and osteogenesis.

PMID- 169585
TI  - [Abnormalities of lumbar transverse processes].
AB  - The transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae sometimes present rare
      abnormalities, or major abnormalities, which may be contrasted with congenital
      lesions concerning their volume, shape and direction. After a rapid review of the
      general and clinical characteristics, radiological analysis of the 59 cases
      collected in the literature and 6 personal cases, permits a provisional
      classification of the three varieties of lesion encountered. Apart from the
      rareness of cases known up to now, the interest of this study is to attract
      attention to the etiology which is still unknown, whether congenital or
      traumatic, and consequently, to the possible medico-legal consequences. Once
      again, as in other fields, the authors attract attention to the undoubted
      advantages of routine XRay of the lumbar spine and of the sacral area, one of
      which may be to discover the true etiology of the abnormalities encountered.

PMID- 169586
TI  - [Various clinical aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis, a disease too often
      unrecognized in the Paris area. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems].
AB  - Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis is now more frequently observed in France owing to
      population movements. One should learn to recognise the disease, the various
      aspects of which are presented here (7 cases). They recall the necessity of
      associating direct search for leishmania in the serous exsudate from the lesions
      or on histological sections, routine culture of swabs on agar jelly en riched
      with blood and on heart-brain blood medium. The immunoglobulin estimation
      sometimes revealed significant increase in their levels, but the sero-immunologic
      reactions by the indirect immuno-fluorescent method, were all negative. The best
      treatment is N-methylglucamine antimoniate by intradermal injection under the
      lesions or, in some cases, the parenteral route. On the other hand, metronidazole
      does not seem to be efficacious in skin leishmaniasis in this part of the world.

PMID- 169587
TI  - [Suppurative trichophytosis of animal origin. Apropos of 38 recent cases].
AB  - This study of 38 cases observed over a period of 7 years emphasizes the constancy
      of rural contamination, whether professional or not. An enquiry carried out among
      veterinary surgeons in this region, showed the increasing frequency of the animal
      infection particularly in young oxen, hence the increased risk of kerions. The
      author recalls the clinical description of kerion of the scalp in children and
      sycosis barbae in adults, in which one may also encounter folliculitis of the
      limbs. The parasite isolated, included various strains of Trichophyton, e.g.,
      Trichophyton Trimentagrophytes, Tr. verrucosum and, more rarely, Tr. magnini. On
      the other hand, bacteriological examination was usually negative, there were only
      two cases of secondary staphylococcal infection. The authors emphasize their
      concept of the disease which is probably an immune process. Finally, rather than
      the usual treatment, they emphasize the possibilities of social re-insertion; the
      disease should be recognised as an occupational disease.

PMID- 169588
TI  - [Anti-nuclear antibodies in collagen diseases].
AB  - The authors sought serum antinuclear antibodies by the indirect immunofluorescent
      method in 3,260 patients, and found these antibodies in 293 of them. 90 patients
      had a level equal or greater than 1/50. Among the latter, 54 had some form of
      collagen disease. The following facts are emphasized: -- antinuclear antibodies
      are always present in lupus erythematosus. Their levels fall under the influence
      of treatment when nephritis occurs; -- their frequency is greater (13 cases out
      of 16) during scleroderma, with often a hazy appearance; -- they are lower during
      rheumatoid arthritis (23% of cases had a significant level), and their presence
      is not a sign of worse prognosis; -- they were absent in other forms of collagen
      diseases.

PMID- 169590
TI  - [Chloroma with multiple genital localizations].

PMID- 169589
TI  - [Salmonellosis: retrospective study of 136 cases hospitalized at the C.H.U. of
      Tours].
AB  - 136 cases of salmonellosis were seen in the Tours Hospital Center from 1965 to
      1971. Salmonella typhi produced 32 cases of typhoid fever and 2 focal infections:
      a bacterial pleural effusion and an osteoarthritis. Salmonella para B induced 16
      cases of typhoid fever. All these 50 patients were given chloramphenicol that was
      effective in vitro and in vivo as well. They usually exhibited very few and mild
      signs or symptoms but long lasting fever. Complications were very rare. There was
      no death. Paradoxically, the 86 "minor" salmonellosis (i.e. caused by other
      Salmonella species than S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, B or C) exhibited a much more
      overt symptomatology. Though all the "major" salmonellosis occurred in previously
      healthy patients and caused no death, the "minor" salmonellosis occurred mostly
      in seriously ill patients and had a lethal outcome for 5 out of 86. There was no
      typhoid fever epidemic in Touraine during recent years. Lysotyping ruled out the
      hypothesis of an endemic local reservoir. On the other hand, two hospital
      outbreaks of "minor" salmonellosis were recognized: one in a psychiatric ward due
      to S. java in 1967, the other in a pediatric ward due to S. wien in 1971-1972
      respectively.

PMID- 169591
TI  - [Alcohol metabolism. Current biochemical aspects].

PMID- 169592
TI  - Recent developments in immunization against diarrheal diseases.

PMID- 169593
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli.
AB  - No one can doubt the increased incidence of gram-negative bacillary infections
      and the importance of an awareness of this increase. Today's hospital, where one
      finds aggressive surgery, patients with multiple indwelling polyethylene lines
      and Foley catheters, and widespread use of prophylactic antibiotics, serves as a
      haven for resistant gram-negative bacilli. Twenty-five strains of Escherichia
      coli, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacter sp, Pseudomonas sp, indole-negative Proteus sp,
      indole-positive Proteus sp, and Serratia sp from hospitalized patients were
      tested for susceptibility to eight commonly used antibiotics using an inocula
      replicating method. Gentamicin proved to be the most effective antibiotic against
      the majority; most strains were inhibited by 3.12mug/ml or less. Other
      antibiotics, although not so active against all species, were effective against
      selected species.

PMID- 169594
TI  - Carotid-cavernous fistula: a complication of maxillofacial trauma.
AB  - Fistulas of the internal carotid-cavernous sinus are an unusual arteriovenous
      malformation. Two types exist: (1) spontaneous fistulas and (2) traumatic
      fistulas. This paper deals with the traumatic variety which is seen more commonly
      in men as a direct result of severe maxillofacial injury. Recent anatomic studies
      are correlated with the physical findings associated with carotid-cavernous
      fistula, ie, headache, chemosis, exophthalmos, pulsatile bruit, and multiple
      cranial nerve paralyses. A case report illustrates these findings. The
      differential diagnosis which varies from tumors, to cavernous sinus thrombosis,
      to intraorbital aneurysm is discussed. The role of angiography in diagnosis is
      described. Present management consists of intracranial ligation of the internal
      carotid artery with use of a muscle embolus to occlude the fistula and selective
      ligation of the cervical carotid.

PMID- 169595
TI  - [Certain problems of pathogenesis of late manifestations of neurobrucellosis].

PMID- 169596
TI  - [Herpes simplex virus in obstetrical-gynecological practice].

PMID- 169597
TI  - [Prostaglandins and their effect on the skin].

PMID- 169598
TI  - Hypercholesterolaemia in primary cancer of the liver.
AB  - Hepatic synthesis of cholesterol in higher animals is normally markedly
      suppressed by dietary cholesterol. This feedback regulation has been shown to be
      absent in all experimental hepatomas studied, and also in the only 2 humans with
      primary hepatocellular cancer (PHC) who have been investigated. Another patient
      who presented with hypercholesterolaemia is described in whom cholesterogenesis
      in the tumour was not suppressed by cholesterol feeding. In order to determine
      the frequency with which hypercholesterolaemia occurs in PHC, serum cholesterol
      levels were measured in 132 Black patients with this tumour. Raised levels were
      found in 14 of the patients (11%). In only 2 of these was hypercholesterolaemia
      associated with obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 169599
TI  - Thirteen shortcuts in office surgery.

PMID- 169600
TI  - The potential for carcinoma existing synchronously on a microscopic level within
      the second breast.
AB  - In the present study, 23 of 314 patients presented with asymptomatic lesions in
      the second breast, comparing favorably with the incidence of asymptomatic
      carcinomas of the second breast reported in other series. The type of biopys used
      appears important, most surgeons advocating resection of a segment of breast
      ranging from 20 to 30 per cent of the quadrant being sampled. It appears that
      treatment of carcinoma of the second breast is essentially curative when the
      lesion is not noted clinically. Adequate treatment of the second breast lesion
      appears to reduce the at risk group within the second breast. It is usually
      stated that 10 per cent of patients will have a second carcinoma of the breast
      develop. In this study, metachronous lesions developed in six of 291 patients.
      Considering that these tumors all recurred in the outer quadrant of the remaining
      breast, the possibility arises that it may be more productive to do all biopsies
      in the tail of the second breast rather than to perform the so-called mirror
      image biopsy that was used in the present study. Results from this and other
      studies do appear to indicate that the utilization of a mirror image biopsy or
      outer quadrant biopsy is an effective way to detect and treat occult malignant
      tumors as well as the earliest forms of premalignant disease.

PMID- 169601
TI  - Ectopic hormone production.

PMID- 169602
TI  - [Sensitivity of Bacillus pyocyaneus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to antiseptics and
      antibiotics. VIII. Action of the combination zinc bacitracin, neomycin sulfate
      and polymyxin B sulfate on 155 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1st part)].

PMID- 169603
TI  - [The role of ACTH in the formation of heparin complexes in blood under
      immobilization stress conditions].

PMID- 169604
TI  - [The incidence of lymphosarcoma (leukaemia) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in
      cats in the Netherlands (author's transl)].
AB  - Seven different groups of cats were examined to study the incidence and
      distribution of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in the Netherlands. The indirect
      fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique was used to detect FeLV antigen. Of the cats
      with lymphosarcoma (leukaemia), 73.2 per cent and of those with infectious
      peritonitis, 32.4 per cent were found to be positive for FeLV antigen. Of the
      sixty-six cats with other tumours, only one, a cat with carcinoma of the mammary
      gland; was positive for FeLV antigen. Of 557 cats with various lesions, forty-two
      (7.5 percent) were positive for FeLV antigen. The IFA-test was found to be a
      useful adjunct in establishing the correct diagnosis. Of all stud cats which had
      been in contact with FeLV-positive cats, 24.7 percent were positive for FeLV
      antigen, wheras all those which had not been in contact with these cats, were
      negative. There was a marked difference between the proportions of FeLV-positive
      cats in the groups of clinically normal cats which had (20.6 per cent) and which
      had not (0.4 per cent) been in contact with FeLV-positive cats. Follow-up studies
      showed that 67.8 percent of the clinically normal, FeLV-positive cats had died
      from or been sacrificed because of FeLV-associated diseases within twenty months.

PMID- 169605
TI  - [Pathological anatomy of the malformation of the lung (author's transl)].
AB  - With short sidelights to embryology a survey of clinically important
      malformations of the airways, respiratory tissue, and vessels is given and their
      differential diagnosis with similiar acquired lesions discussed.

PMID- 169606
TI  - Triplet-intermediates from diazo-compounds (carbenes).

PMID- 169607
TI  - Continuum effects indicated by hard and soft anti-bases (Lewis acids) and bases.

PMID- 169609
TI  - Biochemical changes in the liver of mice fed Mirex.

PMID- 169608
TI  - Methylmercury poisoning in the rat: a combined neurological, chemical, and
      histopathological study.

PMID- 169610
TI  - The effect of agents which modulate levels of the cyclic nucleotides on human
      lymphotoxin secretion and activity in vitro.
AB  - The ability of concanavalin-A (Con-A) to activate lymphocytes to secrete human
      lymphotoxin (LT) was tested in the presence of agents known to modify the
      intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP). Lymphocytes were
      treated with these agents at different stages of activation: (1) during the first
      encounter with mitogens, and (2) after they had been fully activated and were
      restimulated. Two agents, Dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline, dramatically inhibit
      the amount of LT secreted during both "primary" and "secondary" activation by Con
      A. In contrast; DL-isoproterenol had a weak effect during primary activation, but
      greatly reduced the level of LT secreted during secondary activation. Agents
      which affect the intracellular level of cGMP were also tested. Imidazole had no
      effect on LT secretion by either primary or secondary Con-A activated cells. In
      contrast, carbamyl choline greatly reduced LT secretion to a level comparable to
      Dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline. All agents tested protected, to some degree, the
      sensitive alpha-L cell against LT-induced destruction in vitro. Agents which
      affect the levels of cyclic nucleotides affect both the effectiveness of the
      aggressor cell and the sensitivity of the target cells in vitro.

PMID- 169611
TI  - Platelet release and aggregation induced by antithymocyte globulin. In vitro
      effect of inhibitors.

PMID- 169612
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the cytoplasm of the lower holotrichous infusorian
      Tracheloraphis prenanti].
AB  - The ciliature of T. prenanti Dragesco 1960 (forma oligocineta Raikov et Kovaleva,
      1968) consists of 14-18 ventral and lateral longitudinal kineties with paired
      kinetosomes, carrying either two cilia or one cilium per kinetosome pair (in the
      latter case, the nonciliated kinetosome is always the posterior one). The
      ectoplasmic fibrillar system belongs to the postciliary type. A pair of
      kinetosomes shares a common basal plate. The anterior kinetosome gives rise to a
      short ribbon of transverse microtubules, the posterior one, to a poorly developed
      kinetodesmal filament and to a strong ribbon of postciliary microtubules. The
      latter proceeds backwards along 8 to 12 kinetosome pairs, being incorporated into
      a laminated postciliodesma which accompanies each kinety on its right side. Rows
      of Golgi elements, sending secretory vesicles and channels towards the body
      surface, exist beneath the kinetosome bases. Each kinety is accompanied on its
      left by a microfibrillar myoneme, surrounded by perimyary vesicles and underlain
      by a row of mitochondria. The median part of the dorsal surface is nonciliated;
      the cytoplasm here is rich of membrane systems, contains peripheral, electron
      dense, extrusible inclusions and sometimes also bacteria. The electron-dense
      inclusions develop in the endoplasm, in close contact with mitochondria. The
      endoplasm contains also large microfibrillar spheres of unknown nature.

PMID- 169613
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of intracellular digestion in intestinal cells of the
      ixodid tick Hyalomma asiaticum. I. Formation of primary and secondary lysosomes].
AB  - The formation of primary and secondary lysosomes in digestive cells of midgut of
      the tick H. asiaticum was investigated using ultracytochemical methods for acid
      phosphatase. This enzyme is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
      cisternae to be concentrated in the Golgi complex. Vesicles 0.1-0.15 mum in
      diameter filled with the enzyme are propagated from the distal Golgi cisternae
      which are primary lysosomes. Secondary lysosomes are produced in result of fusion
      of primary lysosomes with heterophagosomes that appear during endocytosis.
      Another type of structures responsible for transport of lysosomal enzymes into
      heterophagosomes is represented by dense bodies 0.3-0.5 mum in size. These are
      rich in acid phosphatase being different stages of heterophagolysosomes and
      telolysosomes.

PMID- 169614
TI  - [Morphological and cytochemical characteristics of human cells transformed and
      made malignant by Rous and polyoma viruses].
AB  - In cells of human embryo skin--muscle tissue transformed by the Rouse sarcoma
      virus (23rd cell line) and polyoma virus (P-2 cell line), the mitotic activity
      was 48 0/00 for 23rd line, 51 0/00 for P-2 line as against 28 0/00 in the control
      cells. The transformed cells possessed greater amounts of RNA and DNA and protein
      -bound SH-groups, different forms of glycogen deposits, as well as higher acid
      phosphatase enzyme activities; there was practically no difference in acid
      mucopolysaccharide content or NAD-H2-diaphorase and succinate dehydrogenase
      activities.

PMID- 169615
TI  - [Bovine enzootic leukemia and study of c-type particles in a cow with acute
      lymphatic leukemia and in cattle of the same herd with persistent lymphocytosis].
AB  - A case of acute lymphatic leukemia in a 7-month-pregnant Italian Friesian cow,
      aged about 6 years and belonging to a small dairy herd of 11 cows is described.
      Hematologic, histopatologic and ultrastructural examinations were performed, the
      ultrastructural studies were confined to the lymphnodes, thymus and buffy-coat
      cultures from peripheral blood. The remaining animals were subjected to
      hematologic examination and electron microscopy examination of buffy-coat
      cultures from peripheral blood. C-type particles were found in phytohemagglutinin
      (PHA)-treated and untreated buffy-coat cultures from the leukemic cow and from
      the animals with persistent lymphocytosis. C-type particles were also found in
      milk samples from 3 cows with persistent lymphocytosis.

PMID- 169616
TI  - [Multivariate analysis of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities of liver and
      hepatomas (author's transl)].
AB  - Data on the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities in normal liver and in three
      transplantable rat hepatomas, viz Yoshida's AH 130 and Morris's 5123C and 7793,
      were studied by means of factor analysis, a powerful technique of multivariate
      analysis particularly suitable foridentifying factors which theoretically may
      account for the pattern of interrelations between several variables. The analysis
      has been performed on 51 patterns of enzyme activities, covering 17 out of the 20
      aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases; 80% on average of the total variability of the 17
      enzyme activities may be accounted for by the first 4 factors extracted. The
      enzymes seem to fall into different groups, depending on their relationship with
      the factors thus identified. The results suggest that enzymes belonging to the
      same group share a common control mechanism, and are independent of the enzymes
      belonging to different groups, both in normal liver and in hepatomas.

PMID- 169617
TI  - [Sporulation and related problems in Clostridium perfringens. Physiopathological
      implications for food poisoning].

PMID- 169619
TI  - [Accumulation of cyclic AMP and hormonal secretion in the rat adenohypophysis:
      the role of fatty acids].

PMID- 169618
TI  - [Acromegaly and empty sella turcica].

PMID- 169620
TI  - [Analysis of the oncolytic properties of Clostridium perfringens. Use of an
      attenuated mutant and Ehrlich solid carcinoma].

PMID- 169621
TI  - Antibodies to parainfluenza 3 virus in cattle, sheep and goats from northern
      Nigeria.

PMID- 169622
TI  - [The ultrastructure of mixed mammary gland tumours in bitches. III. The early
      stages of the myoepithelial proliferation (author's transl)].
AB  - The early stages of myoepithelial proliferation in 14 mixed canine mammary
      tumours were studied by light- and electron microscopy. Two different early
      stages can be distinguished: 1. Proliferations inside the basal lamina with
      partial maintenance of the organoid pattern. 2. Proliferations with a break
      through the basal lamina and transposition of tumour cells into the surrounding
      connective tissue. The intracytoplasmic fibrillae of myoepithelial tumour cells
      are striped periodically and thicker than those of normal myothelia. It is
      suggested that the amorphous as well as the fibrous intercellular substance in
      the early stages is derived from the described myoepithelial tumour cells.

PMID- 169623
TI  - The terminal repetition of herpes simplex virus DNA.

PMID- 169624
TI  - A temperature-sensitive mutant of Sendai virus with an altered hemagglutinin
      neuraminidase polypeptide: consequences for virus assembly and cytopathology.

PMID- 169625
TI  - Evidence for control of translation of the viral genome during replication of
      Mengo virus and poliovirus.

PMID- 169626
TI  - Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and glucosamine on the growth and functions of
      respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza 3 viruses.

PMID- 169627
TI  - [Bovine viruses and methods for their detection].

PMID- 169628
TI  - [Use of cross-absorbed sera in neutralization tests with viral titration by the
      cytopathogenic effect].
AB  - A new method for intratypic antigenic differentiation of poliovirus strains has
      been developed. The method is based on the use of cross-absorbed sera in
      neutralization tests where virus is titrated by the cytopathic effect.
      Qualitative differences between the antigenic structure of vaccine and "wild"
      strains as well as between some "wild" strains of the same serologic type have
      been found. The method may be used in practical laboratories.

PMID- 169629
TI  - [Results of examining wild monkeys for the presence of smallpox antibodies and
      smallpox group viruses].
AB  - The results of examinations of sera, blood and organs of different species of
      monkeys from some Asian and African countries for the presence of antibody to
      smallpox and viruses of the smallpox group. Significant titers of smallpox
      antibodies (antihemagglutinins virus-neutralizing and, in some cases,
      precipitating antibody) were found in a considerable number of monkeys shot near
      foci with human cases (Equatorial province of Zair Republic). In the same monkeys
      kidney tissues yielded 3 isolates of smallpox virus group two of which were
      indistinguishable in the laboratory tests from variola virus. On the basis of
      these data it is concluded that smallpox viruses circulate among wildlife monkeys
      in some areas of Equatorial Africa. Further studies along these lines are
      necessary.

PMID- 169630
TI  - [Damaging effect of 2 simian viruses on mammalian cell chromosomes].
AB  - A green monkey myxovirus (SV5) causes chromosome breaks in embryonal diploid
      fibroblasts of man, cotton rats, striped hairy-footed hamster, and in cells of
      one heteroploid line of newborn lamb kidney. Adenovirus SV15 is mutagenic for all
      cultures under study (diploid strains of human and cotton rat embryo fibroblasts
      and three continuous kidney cell lines from newborn lambs). The mutagenic
      activity of these viruses may be manifested without their undergoing a complete
      cycle of replication.

PMID- 169631
TI  - [Morphological manifestations of the intracellular toxic effect of microorganisms
      of the ornithosis-lymphogranuloma-trachoma group].
AB  - Interactions of the causative agents of meningopneumonia and ovine abortion with
      pulmonary macrophages in experimental infection in white mice were studied by
      histological, immunofluorescent and electron microscopic methods. The causative
      agent of meningopneumonia did not multiply in colonies and caused toxic lesions
      in the cells and formed cytoplasmic oxiphilic inclusion bodies. Being the product
      of cell degeneration, these oxiphilic inclusion bodies were conducive to long
      term survival of the cell and slow release from them of elementary bodies of
      meningopneumonia agent. The agent of ovine abortion multiplied in colonies
      without toxic affection of the cells or formation of oxiphilic inclusion bodies.
      It is suggested that oxiphilic inclusion bodies represent morphological
      manifestation of the intracellular toxic effect of rickettsial and ornithosis
      like agents possessing dissociated (non-colonial) mode of multiplication.

PMID- 169632
TI  - [Morphology of oncornaviruses from primary trypsinized chick embryo cells].

PMID- 169633
TI  - [Characteristics of experimental para-influenza in Syrian hamsters infected by
      different routes].
AB  - The pathomorphological and virological study of peculiar features of
      parainfluenza infection caused by intranasal, aerosol and oral administration of
      the virus was carried out. The most marked lesions in the respiratory tract were
      observed in hamsters infected by the intranasal route, whereas with other routes
      of infection the intensity of lesions was minimal. Such differences in the
      pathomorphological manifestations of the process are most probably due to uneven
      distribution of the virus in the respiratory organs and to peculiar features of
      the immunological response of the animals.

PMID- 169635
TI  - Viral causes of hepatitis.

PMID- 169636
TI  - Clinical and pathological findings and sequelae of viral hepatitis.

PMID- 169634
TI  - Ocular complications in renal transplant recipients.
AB  - Twenty-five patients were examined for ocular complaints following renal
      transplantation. Besides the expected complications of posterior subcapsular
      cataract and cytomegalovirus retinitis, other findings-such as focal
      depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium, a lack of hypertensive
      retinopathy, elevated intraocular tensions, microaneurysms, preretinal wrinkling,
      serous detachments of the retina, hemorrhages and exudates-were observed.A
      laboratory clue to the onset of cytomegalovirus retinitis was a rapid rise in
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titer and a positive CMV plaque count in tissue
      culture.

PMID- 169637
TI  - [Case of probable central nervous system cytomegaly developing in the course of
      long-term immunosuppressive treatment].

PMID- 169638
TI  - [Tumor phyllodes].

PMID- 169639
TI  - [Case of epidemic parotitis with meningoencephalitis and brachial plexus damage].

PMID- 169640
TI  - Serologic studies of acute respiratory infections in military personnel.
AB  - The advantages, disadvantages, and uses of serological epidemiology are discussed
      in relation to acute respiratory infections in military personnel.  The
      prevalence of antibody reflects both current and past experience with respiratory
      agents and is a measure of susceptinility.  Incidence data calculated by testing
      two serial serum samples, on entry and discharge from the service, has indicated
      high influenza and mycoplasma pneumoniae rates in South American recruits and low
      rates of adenovirus and parainfluenza infections.  Serologic analysis of
      reinfection rates showed high protection against influenza infections at HI
      antibody levels of over 1:40, against adenovirus infections at neutralizing
      titers of 1:5, and against M. pneumoniae infections at TRI antibody levels over
      1:8.  Antibody responses persisting at least 7 mo following immunization were
      demonstrated in 70% of 428 vaccinated young adults for A2 antigen and 20% for
      influenza B antigen.  No relation of ABO blood groups to respiratory infection
      was found.  The lack of myxovirus infections in four Polaris submarines is
      presented.

PMID- 169641
TI  - [Dermatoglyphics in children with embryonic tumors (author's transl)].
AB  - Dermatoglyphics were analyzed in 60 children with embryonic tumors.  In
      comparison with normal children, several differences were found.  Thus, the
      embryonal origin of the different tumors is underlined and the hypothesis of
      embryonic tumors as malformations is sustained.  These tumors seem to be the
      clinically most important manifestation of a much more comprehensive malformation
      syndrome, which is not yet known in all its details.

PMID- 169642
TI  - Electron microscopic and electron histochemical studies on embryonal
      rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit.
AB  - A small number of differentiated tumor cells could be found besides a great
      number of undifferentiated ones. Abnormal dense granules were found in the nuclei
      of undifferentiated tumor cells, not in differentiated ones. Non-specific
      filaments were seen in the cytoplasm of undifferentiated tumor cells.
      Differentiated tumor cells demonstrated various stages of myofibrillar structures
      such as A, I, and Z bands, many glycogen granules, mitochondria and a basement
      membrane. Polyglucose particles synthesized from glycose-1-phosphate by
      phosphorylase activity were located in the cytoplasmic matrix of undifferentiated
      and differentiated tumor cells and in the karyolymph of undifferentiated tumor
      cells. Polyglucose partices increased in number according to the degree of
      differentiation of tumor cells.

PMID- 169643
TI  - The use of fluorescent probes for studying the interaction of proteins with black
      lipid membranes.
AB  - The number of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulphonate (ANS) molecules bound to black
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)-membranes was calculated.
      The fluorescences change of membrane bound ANS was measured after the additon of
      positively charged proteins to the same side as ANS. Cytochrome c caused a
      fluorescence decrease, lysozyme and protamine an increase. These effects were
      completely reversible in the case of cytochrome c and lysozyme and only partly
      reversible in the case of protamine by increasing the ionic strength. The
      fluorescence polarization of membrane bound ANS was not significantly changed by
      protein addition. The results are discussed with respect to the binding of
      proteins to black lipid membranes and the use of ANS as a probe compared with
      other fluorescent probes.

PMID- 169645
TI  - [Mitosis and viral infection in cell cultures. I. The effect of cytolytic viruses
      on the mitotic regime of monolayer cell cultures].

PMID- 169644
TI  - [Cyclic purine nucleotides, 3',5'-AMP and 3',5'-GMP, as factors regulating the
      proliferation and differentiation of hemopoeitic cells].

PMID- 169646
TI  - [Emotional stress and sleep].

PMID- 169647
TI  - [General characteristics and knowledge of stress reaction].

PMID- 169648
TI  - Some cytochemical and ultrastructural features of mouse transplantable tumor
      derived from SV40 transformed macrophages.

PMID- 169649
TI  - Ultrastructure of acinar cells of submaxillary gland after treatment with ACTH
      and cortisone.
AB  - The applied hormones cause changes in the ultrastructure of acinar cells, and the
      changes caused by each of them are different. The effect of ACTH on these cells
      is more distinct and the nature of the changes permits the suggestion that ACTH
      acts mainly on secretory activity (increase). The changes caused by treatment
      with cortisone cannot be interpreted unequivocally.

PMID- 169650
TI  - Ultrastructural cytochemical studies on the endoplasmic reticulum in embryo and
      newborn rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 169651
TI  - [Studies on the influence of the host system on the result of the neutralization
      of monodispersed and untreated foot- and mouth disease virus (author's transl)].
AB  - Monodispersed foot- and mouth disease virus was obtained by filtration through
      membranes having a porosity only twice the diameter of the virus. This
      monodispersed virus was neutralized by immune sera in the same manner as not
      treated virus. This was shown by the inactivation curve comparing the amount of
      virus used for the test (calculated as ID50) with the neutralization titre (ND50)
      or comparing  the reduction of infectivity (also calculated as ID50) with the
      dilution factor of the antiserum. When the virus was assayed by counting the
      plaque forming units, the monodispersed virus needed more antiserum to be
      neutralized than a not treated virus suspension. The same mixtures of virus and
      antiserum were inoculated into different host systems. Using suckling mice there
      was observed only about 1% of the infectivity measured in primary calf kidney
      cells. Primary calf kidney cells showed only a tenth of the infectivity seen in
      BHK-21 cells. The difference between the results in mice and calf kidney cells
      has been found to be caused by the existence of infectious virus in the mice,
      which does not cause illness or death in the presence of antibodies. Comparing
      the same size of cell sheet there is more virus absorbed by BHK-cells in the
      presence of antibodies than by calf kidney cells. The different results obtained
      in different hosts for the same virus antibody mixtures are discussed with
      respect to the detection of small amounts of antibodies and to the limits for the
      comparison of neutralization titres.

PMID- 169653
TI  - [Peroral immunization against pox. 5. Effectiveness of drinking water vaccination
      against fowl pox].

PMID- 169654
TI  - Influence of serum restriction on foot-and-mouth disease virus infections in cell
      cultures.  I. Enhanced viral susceptibility.

PMID- 169652
TI  - Influence of Bordetella pertussis and bacterial endotoxins on the immunological
      reactivity of germfree mice.
AB  - As compared to specifically pathogen-free NMRI mice, in principle, the
      immunological reactivity of germfree mice of the same strain and age was not
      found to be reduced. This is documented by the cellular kinetics of the primary
      immune responses, evoked by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of either a
      "saturated" dose of 4 times 10(8) sheep erythrocytes (SE) or the simultaneous
      injection of 4 times 10(8) SE and 3 times 10(9) killed Bordetella pertussis
      organisms (PO). Thereby, adjuvancy of PO was not found to be reduced in germfree
      mice. The only difference consisted in the demonstration of significantly reduced
      numbers of both direct and indirect plaque-forming spleen cells (PFC) on the 4th
      day after primary antigenic stimulation. This is suggested to be due to a lack of
      sufficient training of the immunological apparatus of germfree mice. Both in
      germfree and conventional mice significant splenomegaly, blood leukocytosis as
      well as increase in the numbers of pre-existing "background" PFC became
      detectable following a single i.p. injection of 3 times 10(9) PO without SE.
      Similarly, the injection of endotoxin from Serratia marcescens produced a
      moderate increase in the numbers of "background" PFC. From the data presented it
      is suggested that strict gnotobiotic conditions do not cause noteworthy
      deficiency in immunological competence.

PMID- 169655
TI  - Influence of serum restriction on foot-and-mouth disease virus infections in cell
      cultures.  II. Altered viral replication.

PMID- 169656
TI  - [Inter- and intraspecific relationship between bacterial hemolysins.  III.
      Identification of masked toxins in the exotoxin complex of Staphylococcus
      pyogenes und Cl. perfringens; significance of their existence for clarifying of
      the masking mechanism].

PMID- 169657
TI  - The significance of serum progesterone and serum unconjugated oestradiol-17beta
      in unaborted hydatidiform mole.
AB  - Both serum progesterone and serum unconjugated oestradiol-17beta (Oe2) were
      measured by competitive protein binding assay and radioimmunoassay respectively
      in 42 cases of unaborted hydatidiform mole. Serum human chorionic gonadotrophin
      (HCG) was measured by a haemagglutination-inhibition technique. In 26 cases of
      intact molar pregnancies without theca lutein cysts (TLC), serum progesterone
      ranged from 18.0 to 289.0 ng/ml with a mean +/- standard error of the mean (SEM)
      of 65.9 +/- 13.1 ng/ml; serum Oe2 ranged from 4.0 to 37.0 ng/ml with a mean +/-
      SEM of 17.9 +/- 1.9 ng/ml; serum HCG ranged from 60 to 1920 IU/ml with a mean +/-
      SEM of 531.5 +/- 105.7 IU/ml. In contrast, 16 cases of intact molar pregnancies
      with TLC had serum progesterone ranging from 34.1 to 288.0 ng/ml with a mean +/-
      SEM of 134.1 +/- 2.4 ng/ml; serum Oe2 ranging from 1.7 to 76.3 ng/ml with a mean
      +/- SEM of 31.5 +/- 5.3 ng/ml; serum HCG ranging from 320 to 2560 IU/ml with a
      mean +/- SEM 1400 +/- 196.2 ng/ml. The differences between the mean of these
      three hormones in hydatidiform mole with and without TLC were significant
      (progesterone: P less than 0.005; Oe2: P less than 0,0125; HCG: P less than
      0.005). There was a significant correlation between serum HCG and serum Oe2
      (coefficient of correlation r = +0.3565, P less than 0.0125) and between serum
      Oe2 and serum progesterone (r = +0.3787, P less than 0.0125). There was no
      significant difference in the mean levels of serum progesterone, Oe2 and HCG in
      hydatidiform mole with and without subsequent malignant sequelae. The mean ratios
      of Oe2/progesterone were essentially similar in moles with and without TLC and
      with and without malignant sequelae. The significance of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 169658
TI  - Presence of reovirus-like particles in liquid stools.

PMID- 169660
TI  - Parallel tubular structures in lymphocytes.  II. Correlation with cellular
      immunity and cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - The increased incidence of parallel tubular structures in lymphocytes of patients
      with Hodgkin's disease was investigated for a correlation with either impairment
      of cellular immunity (measured by DNCB-skin test and PHA-induced lymphocyte
      stimulation in vitro) or an increase of antibodies against cytomegalovirus or
      Epstein-Barr virus. No correlations were found. Statistical analysis revealed
      antibody titers especially in the group of patients with high percentages of
      lymphocytes containing the tubular inclusions. This probably reflects only the
      connection  between these findings and the progression of the disease. The nature
      and function of the parallel tubular structures have to be investigated further.
      In Hodgkin's disease they may have significance for the understanding of an
      alteration in lymphocyte function and morphology.

PMID- 169659
TI  - Pentose shunt, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate generation and purine
      phosphoribosyltransferases in erythrocytes of patients with polycythemia vera.
AB  - Erythrocytes of patients with polycythemia vera exhibited increased activity of
      oxidative pentose shunt, accelerated generation of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate,
      increased incorporation of 14C-adenine into nucleotides, and increased activity
      and thermostability of adenine-phosphoribosyltransferase.  These abnormalities
      are attributed to age dependency of the pathways concerned and presence in
      polycythemia vera of an erythrocyte population younger than normal.

PMID- 169661
TI  - [Significance of cytochemical studies in hematology].

PMID- 169662
TI  - Cyclic changes in the uterine phosphatases of Suncus murinus sindensis Anderson,
      the Indian common house shrew.
AB  - Cyclic changes in the phosphatases were studied histochemically in the uterine
      complex of the female Suncus. Alkaline phosphatase activity showed constant and
      predictable changes in the various phases of the cycle with the maximum activity
      during metaestrus. Acid phosphatase and ATPase activities also showed constant
      changes with moderate activity during diestrus and proestrus but with maximal
      activities during estrus and metaestrus. No proper localization of the enzyme is
      discernible in the case of G-1-Pase and G-6-Pase.

PMID- 169663
TI  - Histochemical localization of enzyme activity in the kidneys of male marmosets
      (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata).
AB  - The distribution of several hydrolases and oxidoreductases was studied in the
      renal parenchyma of adult male marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix
      penicillata). The oxidative enzymes showed a high reactivity in the proximal and
      distal tubules, whereas the hydrolases reacted strongly in the proximal tubules
      but only weakly or not at all in the thick limb of Henle's loop, distal tubules
      and collecting ducts. The NAD-dependent enzymes (except alpha-GPDH) showed a
      stronger reactivity in the proximal tubules, while the NADP-dependent ones were
      more reactive in the thick limb of Henle's loop and distal convoluted tubules.
      Two groups of interstitial cells were found in the medulla. A first group inside
      the outer medulla, showing cells rich in acid phosphatase and nonspecific
      esterases and a second group, close to the papilla, reactive to a certain number
      of oxidative enzymes. A different reactivity in cells of the distal convoluted
      tubules, thick limb of Henle's loops and collecting ducts (dark cells) was seen
      in the case of some enzymes like nonspecific esterase, alpha-GPDH and SDH.

PMID- 169664
TI  - [Primary and secondary glioblastoma. Distinction by glutamate dehydrogenase
      activity].
AB  - The study by bistochemical method of some dehydrogenases in 74 glioblastoma
      multiforma permits to distinguish several metabolic groups. But if particular
      attention is payed to the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, it is noted to be
      observed only in the small, dedifferentiated cells when the survival
      postoperative time was more than twelve months. As it is known that an operated
      glioblastoma does not survive more than one year, except if it is a secondary
      glioblastoma, it is concluded that the existence of this enzyme in those little
      cells permits to distinguish secondary from primitive glioblastoma.

PMID- 169665
TI  - [Necrotizing herpetic encephalitis. Electro-clinical and pathological studies on
      two infantile cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The electroclinical and pathological features of two infantile cases of acute
      necrotizing herpetic encephalitis are reported. The distribution of the lesions
      has been compared with those observed in fourteen other cases including four with
      EEG records. Various electroencephalographic features have been recorded
      including repetitive slow spikes and periodic stereotyped paroxysmal discharges.
      The pathological data are interpreted to attempt unravelling the physiopathology
      of the EEG features.

PMID- 169666
TI  - Unusual infections of the nervous system in malignant lymphomas.
AB  - Infection of the nervous system by toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus and varicella
      zoster virus is described in three adult patients with malignant lymphoma.
      Morphologic identification of these organisms in otherwise nonspecific lesions is
      emphasized. Since such intercurrent infections are not usually diagnosed
      clinically in debiliated patients, their recognition at autopsy is important,
      particularly in view of the wide spread distribution of these organisms in normal
      population.

PMID- 169667
TI  - Letter: Uterine muscle cell relaxation during pregnancy. Receptor therory-a new
      explanation.

PMID- 169668
TI  - [Use of an automatic Jeol analyzer type JLC-3BC in drug analysis. Sequence of
      migration of sulfanilamides and their arylsulfonates].

PMID- 169669
TI  - [Comparison of the chemical and biological methods of vitamin D determination].

PMID- 169670
TI  - [Recent medical research on yoga and states of concentration].
AB  - Traditional oriental thinking attracts the growing scientific interest of
      occidental practitioners. Dr. Pierre Etevenon, head of the Department of Neuro
      Psycho-Pharmacology at the French Institute for Health and Medical Research
      (INSERM), held several conversations and scientific exchanges with the author,
      and kindly provided copies of some of his works. They are at the basis of the
      present paper. M. A. Descamps (Paris) found that asanas--yoga postures-- are
      generators of dynamic action when there is an extension of the spinal column,
      whilst they lead to quiet states when there is a flexion of it. Claeys and Gones
      (Belgium) proved that overall global relaxation, as well as differential
      relaxation were far more effective and deep when obtained by yogis than those
      attempted by University students majoring in Physical Education. Lonsdorfer and
      Nussbaum (France) studied several parameters concerning hatha-yoga and concluded
      that it provides a regular functioning of the main bodily functions fostering
      thus a psycho-physical balance. Wallace and Benson (U.S.A.) proved that
      transcendental meditation increases aerobic metabolism, counteracting anaerobic
      metabolism which is related to mental distress. Etevenon (Paris) investigated
      neurophysiological effects of yoga in connection to ancient Indian concepts
      (Upanishads) on sleeping, meditation and degree of consciousness. Dr. Etevenon
      has studied the phylogenetic evolution of waking-sleeping cycles, focusing on
      phylogenetic and ontongenetic appearances of REM cycles (activated sleep). A
      correlation has been made with EEG studies during states of concentration (yoga,
      transcendental meditation, Zen). These states have been found to be specific
      brain activities, and different from deep sleep, in spite of certain similarities
      in the EEG. Several hypothesis are set forth to explain brain activities
      underlying sites of concentration. The possibilities of developing a conscious
      mastering of dreams are also under research, and special attention is paid to the
      works of Saint Denys (1867), and hindu tradition. This paper discusses also the
      psychological, therapeutic and anthropological implications of recent discoveries
      in the field.

PMID- 169671
TI  - The diagnostic value of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function tests in
      patients with Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - The following examinations, including the estimation of urinary neutral steroid
      metabolites, plasma cortisol, the percentage of unbound-cortisol, cortisol
      production rate, plasma adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), dexamethasone suppression
      test, ACTH stimulation test, metopirone test, lysine-vasopressin (LVP) test and
      insulin tolerance test, were conducted in 16 patients with Cushing's syndrome for
      the presence of hypercoticism and for identifying the cause of this syndrome. Of
      these tests, the measurements of plasma cortisol late in the day and single dose
      dexamethasone suppression test were most useful for the diagnosis of
      hypercorticism because of their reliability and simplicity. Urinary 17-KGS,
      THF/THE ratio, cortisol production rate and low dose dexamethasone suppression
      test were also useful, whereas insulin test and LVP test were less valuable for
      this purpose. For the identification of the causes of this syndrome, lysine
      vasopressin test and metopirone test were most reliable, and plasma ACTH was also
      useful for this purpose, whereas insulin test and ACTH stimulation test were less
      valuable.

PMID- 169672
TI  - Preparation of single cell suspensions from hepatoma cells in culture.
AB  - Fundamental examination was carried out on the liberation of single cells from
      hepatoma cells in culture. dRLa-74 cells derived from rat hepatoma, which hardly
      disperse as single cell suspensions with several proteolytic enzymes or EDTA
      alone, dispersed with a high yield of single cells by the combination of trypsin
      and EDTA. HUH-6 cells derived from human hepatoblastoma also showed similar
      results. The degree of cell dissociation by the combination was dependent on the
      incubation temperature or pH.

PMID- 169674
TI  - Response of cat cerebellar vermis induced by sound. II. The role of the mossy and
      climbing fibers in acoustic transmission to the cerebellar cortex and influence
      of stimuli parameters.
AB  - Experiments were performed on cats under Chloralose or Nembutal anesthesia. The
      parameters of the acoustic click stimuli were found to have a strong influence on
      the responses registered from both the surface of the cerebellar vermis lobuli V
      up VII as well as from single units. It was shown that a stimulus frequency rate
      not greater than 1/2 s should be used, since higher frequencies caused strong
      attenuation of the response. The type of anesthesia did not change the latencies
      of reactions of both evoked potentials and single units. However, decreasing the
      strength of the click resulted in increased response latencies, in the case of
      single unit reactions. A very strong influence of weak visual stimuli on units
      was also observed. It is suggested that mossy fibers are the most important
      fibers in the transmission of acoustic information to the cerebellar cortex.

PMID- 169673
TI  - Undifferentiated patterns of key glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes in
      epithelial cell lines derived from rat liver.
AB  - Established epithelial cell lines derived from livers of 7-day (B, B-R, B-3-4-7,
      J-C-1, J-C-13, J-5-2-1, E-C-4 and E-C-7) and adult (AL-2, AL-3, AL-4, AL-5 and AL
      6) rats were analyzed for hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose 6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glucose
      6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase). None of the cell
      lines showed appreciable activities of adult type liver enzymes (HK Type IVs
      (glucokinase), PK Type L, G6Pase and FDPase). On the contrary, the activities of
      fetal type liver enzymes (HK Types I and II, PK Type M2 and G6PD) increased
      markedly as compared with dispersed cells or tissues of adult liver. 6PGD gave
      minimum changes in activity, and the 6PGD/G6PD ratio decreased consistently. HK
      Type III was found only in J-C-13, AL-5 and AL-6, while HK Type IVf (high Km) was
      present in all the cell lines examined. Possible explanations for the
      undifferentiated patterns of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in the established
      cell lines, which have several evidence of hepatocyte origin, are presented.

PMID- 169675
TI  - [The Manga ceremony as an example of group therapy in a primitive tribe (Manga
      ritual ceremony of the Ngovayang village, South wilderness of Cameroon].

PMID- 169676
TI  - [Bazex syndrome or acromegalic psoriasiform dermatosis].

PMID- 169677
TI  - EEG and REM sleep studies in deaf people.

PMID- 169678
TI  - The glomus tumor.

PMID- 169679
TI  - Hypoglycemia: what kind of problem is it?

PMID- 169680
TI  - Patients with epilepsy.

PMID- 169681
TI  - Solving the mystery of the 'red eye'.

PMID- 169682
TI  - Cutaneous clues to cancer.

PMID- 169683
TI  - Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infection of the femoral vein of newborn mice.
AB  - The EMC virus was found to infect and injure the femoral veins of newborn mice.
      EMC viral crystals were found in the advential fibroblasts of these veins. In
      view of the extensive damage observed in the extremely small amount of tissue
      examined electron microscopically, the extent of the viral phlebitis must have
      been considerable. The relationship of these findings to the pathogenesis of
      thrombophlebitis in man provokes interesting speculations.

PMID- 169684
TI  - Observations on the effects of anxiety and anger on the content of concurrent
      dreams.

PMID- 169685
TI  - Incorporation of the dietary trans fatty acid (C18:1) into the serum lipids, the
      serum lipoproteins and adipose tissue.
AB  - Two diets, identical except for differences in trans and cis fatty acids, were
      fed to rabbits in order to evaluate the effects of dietary trans fatty acids on
      the fatty acid composition of serum lipids, lipoproteins and adipose tissue. The
      animals were first starved to deplete adipose tissue stores and then were red a
      diet containing 15% of the calories as C18:1 trans fatty acid (elaidic acid). A
      second group received a diet containing an equivalent amount of C18:1 cis fatty
      acid (oleic acid). A third group of animals, the control group, was fed only the
      baseline low fat rabbit chow. Dietary trans fatty acid was incorporated into all
      serum lipid and lipoprotein fractions and into the adipose tissue. In the serum
      the triglycerides contained the greatest amount of trans fatty acid followed by
      the phospholipids with cholesterol esters containing the least. The trans fatty
      acids of the phospholipids and cholesterol esters were distributed equally among
      the lipoprotein fractions, but the triglycerides of high density lipoproteins
      contained less trans fatty acids than did the triglycerides of other
      lipoproteins. Adipose tissue developed a high content of C18:1 trans fatty acid
      (21.7%), apparently at the expense of C18:1 cis fatty acid. In addition to the
      incorporation of C18:1 trans fatty acid, the content of other fatty acids,
      including C18:2 and the total of C18:1 cis and trans, was influenced by the
      substitution of dietary trans for cis fatty acids. The serum phospholipids of the
      trans-fed rabbits contained more C18:2 than the phospholipids of the cis-fed
      rabbits. The serum cholesterol esters of the trans-fed rabbits contained more
      C18:2 and a smaller total of C18:1 (cis puls trans) than the cholesterol esters
      of the cis-fed rabbits. These differences indicated that C18:1 trans fatty acid
      was not necessarily the metabolic equivalent of 18:1 cis fatty acid. These
      results suggested that dietary trans fatty acids which are contained in
      hydrogenated margarines, shortenings and oils of the human diet are readily
      incorporated into the lipids of the body including membranous structures such as
      lipoproteins.

PMID- 169686
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinoma and intermediate alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (MZ
      phenotype).
AB  - A case history of a 16-year-old boy with hepatocellular carcinoma and an
      intermediate deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin (MZ phenotype) is presented.
      Previous reports have suggested that hepatocellular carcinoma may be associated
      with the Z variant of antitrypsin and either a severe or intermediate antitrypsin
      deficiency. The present case is unusual because of the rather high level of the
      serum trypsin inhibitory capacity for an MZ heterozygote (1.633 units), which may
      be due to involvement of the liver by the tumor or to a recent partial
      hepatectomy. PAS-positive antitrypsin globules were seen in the primary tumor and
      in nodules metastatic to the mesentery, as well as in nonneoplastic portions of
      the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma is another disease state that may occur
      preferentially in individuals with either severe or intermediate deficiencies of
      alpha1-antitrypsin.

PMID- 169687
TI  - Ex-hospital clients evaluate their aftercare experiences.
AB  - Seventy-two previously hospitalized clients of an inner-city community clinic,
      assigned to three treatment groups - medication-only, medication plus individual
      therapy, and medication plus therapy plus group experiences - evaluated their
      respective aftercare programs by responding to five questions. As compared with
      the others, medication-only clients were less inclined to see either the clinic
      or the medication as preventing rehospitalization, were alone in reporting that
      the clinic was responsible for preventing rehospitalization to the extent that
      the medication was effective, and responded to the question of rehospitalization
      by emphasizing worsening symptoms. Others emphasized therapy failure. Clients
      agreed with the professionals - aftercare should not be medication alone.

PMID- 169688
TI  - Nosocomial and maternally acquired herpesvirus hominis infections. A report of
      four fatal cases in neonates.
AB  - Four fatal cases of neonatal herpes simplex infection occurred during a two-month
      period in the perinatal intensive care unit of a hospital. Virus isolation or
      serologic studies, or both, implicated herpesvirus hominis type 2 in all four
      cases. Three of the infants developed symptoms in the first week of life and were
      probably infected in utero or at delivery. The fourth infant did not develop
      signs of illness until age 6 weeks, an interval much longer than that expected
      with disease acquired at birth. An epidemiologic investigation indicated that the
      most likely source of this fourth infant's herpes infection was by indirect
      contact with one of the other three infected neonates. Nosocomial spread of
      herpes simplex virus within a hospital nursery, although uncommon, may pose an
      added risk to the newborn infant if nursery techniques among infants are
      compromised.

PMID- 169690
TI  - Neonatal risk following late gestational genital herpesvirus hominis infection.

PMID- 169689
TI  - Hypoglycemia in hypopituitary children.
AB  - Fifty-two children with growth hormone (GH) deficiency were examined for factors
      that might influence development of hypoglycemia. Symptomatic and asymptomatic
      hypoglycemia occurred with equal frequency in children with isolated GH and
      multiple anterior pituitary deficiencies. Of 52 children, nine (17%) had
      symptomatic hypoglycemia and 14 (27%) had asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Symptomatic
      hypoglycemia was more frequent in children who were both young (less than 4 years
      of age) and lean (elevated height age/weight age [HA/WA] ratio). With HGH
      therapy, these children had decreases in HA/WA ratios and improvement in
      carbohydrate homeostasis. Insulin responses to oral glucose and intravenous
      arginine administration were substantially lowered in children with symptomatic
      hypoglycemia, A deficiency of gluconeogenic substrate or impairment of amino acid
      mobilization may be a factor in the development of hypoglycemia in
      hypopituitarism similar to that postulated for  ketotic hypoglycemia.

PMID- 169691
TI  - Primary aldosteronism. A study in contrasts.
AB  - Two patient with primary aldosteronism, one with a solitary adrenal adenoma and
      the other with bilateral nodular hyperplasia, are described. Both patients showed
      the classic features of primary aldosteronism in electrolyte and hormone
      patterns, but there were important differences in the biochemistry of their
      excised adrenal tissue. In addition, the injection of plasma from the patient
      with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia into the sheep's transplanted adrenal gland
      elicited a definite aldosterone secretory response, but there was no aldosterone
      response to the injection of plasma from the patient with a solitary adrenal
      adenoma. The findings support the hypothesis that an extra-adrenal stimulus may
      contribute to the pathogenesis of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 169692
TI  - Elevation of serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) level in sarcoidosis.
AB  - The level of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was elevated in 15 of 17
      patients with active sarcoidosis. Serum ACE was studied to determine the effect
      of chronic lung disease upon the blood level of an enzyme believed to originate
      from the lungs. The assay was performed in approximately 200 control subjects and
      200 patients with chronic lung disease using hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine as
      substrate. Enzyme activity greater in male control subjects than in female
      subjects of comparable age and greater in children than in adults. Serum ACE was
      significantly reduced in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, lung
      cancer, tuberculosis and cystic fibrosis, as compared to control subjects, and
      was even lower in those receiving corticosteroids. Of greatest interest, however,
      was that levels in patients with active sarcoidosis not receiving steroids were
      greater than 2 standard deviations above the mean for the adult control subjects
      (greater than 11.6 units) whereas levels in patients with sarcoidosis receiving
      steroids and in those with resolved disease were normal. A survey of subjects
      with other granulomatous diseases failed to reveal any other condition that was
      significantly associated with a similar elevation of serum ACE levels. Elevation
      of ACE levels in sarcoidosis appears to be associated with the active disease
      process and  does not appear to be a familial inherited enzyme abnormality. An
      assay of serum ACE is a useful tool for regulating therapy in sarcoidosis and for
      confirming the diagnosis, since it readily distinguishes these patients from
      others with tuberculosis, lung cancer or lymphoma.

PMID- 169693
TI  - Immunology of sarcoidosis.
AB  - The cardinal immunologic changes in sarcoidosis consist of depression of delayed
      type hypersensitivity, hyperreactive circulating antibody responses and the Kveim
      Siltzbach skin test phenomenon. Depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity is
      demonstrated by skin tests using tuberculin, mumps, pertussis, trichophytin,
      oidiomycin, dinitrochlorobenzene and Californian keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The
      cultured lymphocytes from patients with depression of delayed-type
      hypersensitivity react poorly to phytohemagglutinin, and there is a close
      correlation between anergy of lymphocytes in culture and by cutaneous anergy. In
      vivo cutaneous anergy mirrors in vitro cellular hyporeactivity. Other technics
      used to expose immunologic defects in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with
      sarcoidosis include tests of T and B cell function, rosetie formation and
      migration inhibition. Whereas there is cutaneous anergy and impaired cellular
      immunity in patients with sarcoidosis, the reverse holds for circulating factors.
      There are increased circulating immunoglobulin levels, increased circulating
      antibody levels to Epstein-Barr, herpes simplex, rubella, measles and
      parainfluenza viruses, increase antibody response to mismatched blood and
      occasional false-positive Wassermann reactions, but there is no increase in
      circulating autoan tibodies. There is no evidence that patients with sarcoidosis
      belong predominantly to any particular histocompatibility locus. Worldwide
      figures for the Kveim-Siltzbach skin test are presented. They provide evidence of
      its specificity in various international series. The causes of nonspecific
      reactions are discussed.

PMID- 169694
TI  - Anaerobic infections.

PMID- 169695
TI  - Hereditary cataracts in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).
AB  - A new type of hereditary cataract was predicted in the deer mouse (Peromyscus
      maniculatus) by the presence of syndactyly of the hind feet. Early morphologic
      changes were found in the equatorial cells that differentiated into new lens
      fibers. Later swelling at the anterior and posterior poles of these cells
      produced lens opacities. Anterior and posterior subcapsular cataracts progressed
      to a hypermature shrunken lens.

PMID- 169696
TI  - A new mucolipidosis with psychomotor retardation, corneal clouding, and retinal
      degeneration.
AB  - A 23-year-old man had slow psychomotor development at 6 months of age and
      developed intermittent corneal clouding at about 18 months. He developed a
      truncal ataxia and hypotonia of the limbs combined with spasticity and active
      deep reflexes that did not progress. His skeleton and facies were normal. Between
      1 and 13 years of age, he developed severe optic atrophy, absence of retinal
      blood vessels, and an extinguished electroretinogram. Biochemical analysis of
      cultured fibroblasts indicated no lysosomal hydrolase deficiency; cellular
      metachromasia was absent and there was no mucopolysaccharidoses. Ultrastructural
      studies indicated single-membrane-limited vacuoles containing lamellated
      membranes and a polymorphous substance in tissue-cultured cells and conjunctiva.

PMID- 169697
TI  - The influence of prostaglandin endoperoxides on platelet ultrastructure.
AB  - Prostaglandin endoperoxides produced during aggregation of blood platelets are
      potent promoters of platelet aggregation and the release reaction. The present
      investigation has studied the effects of prostaglandin endoperoxides produced by
      platelet microsomes after incubation with arachidonic acid on the ultrastructure
      of platelets. Prostaglandin endoperoxides caused platelet pseudopod formation and
      internal transformation associated with a contractile wave within the platelet.
      The contractile process was similar to that seen following incubation of
      platelets with collagen or thrombin but was more complete than that seen with 25
      muM ADP. Platelet aggregation was more prominent in unstirred samples incubated
      with the prostaglandin endoperoxides than in samples similarly incubated with 25
      muM ADP. Dilatation of the open canalicular system was not a prominent feature
      except at 45 minutes after addition of the endoperoxides to the platelets, when
      the platelets appeared to be in a recovery phase. We conclude that the
      endoperoxides promote platelet stickiness and platelet aggregation by directly or
      indirectly stimulating the platelet contractile system.

PMID- 169698
TI  - The course and nature of acinar cell death following pancreatic ligation in the
      guinea pig.
AB  - The course and nature of acinar cell death (ACD) following pancreatic ligation in
      the guinea pig was studied as a possible model for human disease. Ultrastructural
      studies after various periods of ligation suggested a biphasic pattern of ACD.
      Early phase ACD involved only a small portion of acinar cells and occurred within
      a few hours of ligation. It was preceded by swelling and vesiculation of the
      rough endoplasmic reticulum. Morphometric measurements disclosed celular swelling
      at this time, and NaCl equilibration studies demonstrated a change in cellular
      osmoregulation. Late phase ACD, characterized by cellular wasting and autophagic
      vacuole formation, became prominent several days after ligation. Marked increases
      in lysosomal enzyme activities were found in tissue homogenates at this time, and
      acid phosphatase electron histochemistry localized the majority of this increased
      activity to lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles within the acinar cells. The
      etiology and nature of both phases of ACD are discussed.

PMID- 169699
TI  - Production of ferritin by rat hepatoma cells in vitro. Demonstration of protein
      subunits and ferritin by immunofluorescence.
AB  - Using precipitating antibodies to ACI rat liver ferritin and to sodium-dodecyl
      sulfate-dissociated protein subunits of ACI rat liver ferritin, we have
      demonstrated the presence of ferritin-positive sites and subunit-positive sites
      in situ in several rat hepatoma cell lines by immunofluorescence. Hepatoma cells
      from three transplantable rat hepatomas (Reuber H-139, Reuber H-35, and Morris
      5123) were explanted and propagated. Rabbit antibodies specific for either
      protein subunits of ferritin or ferritin were prepared by affinity chromatography
      or by dissociation of antibody-antigen complexes with 0.1 M acetic acid followed
      by differential ultracentrifugation. Explants of Reuber H-139, Reuber H-35, and
      Morris 5123 hepatoma cells, grown either in ordinary McCoy's 5a medium or in such
      medium enriched with iron (0.002% Fe), gave positive immunofluorescence for
      subunits as well as ferritin. Exposure of a clonal strain of Morris 5123 hepatoma
      cells to iron-enriched culture medium for varying lengths of time of up to 24
      hours resulted in progressive increase in the quantity of ferritin-specific
      immunofluorescent cytoplasmic material, which was at first present diffusely, and
      later in clumps. By contrast, during the initial 24-hour period, subunit-specific
      immunofluorescence remained at relatively low intensity, with diffuse
      distribution through the cytoplasma. Our findings indicate a) the presence, in
      the cytoplasm, of the three kinds of hepatoma cells, of unassembled or only
      partly assembled subunits of fragments of subunits as well as of ferritin, and b)
      rapid assembly of the protein subunits into apoferritin and ferritin after
      administration of iron, so that the concentration of subunits in the cytoplasm
      was not significantly increased.

PMID- 169700
TI  - Quantitative study on the effect of an ACTH-producing pituitary tumor on the
      ultrastructure of the mouse adrenal gland.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the adrenal cortex was studied by quantitative stereologic
      techniques in LAF1 mice bearing a transplantable, ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor
      (AtT). The tumor stimulated a significant increase in volume and surface area of
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membranes in all three zones of
      the adrenal cortex. Concomitantly, plasma corticosterone was increased
      significantly in tumor-bearing animals. The AtT was an adenoma of the chromophobe
      type. Continuity of the nuclear membrane with the rough endoplasmic reticulum was
      readily observed in tumor parenchymal cells.

PMID- 169702
TI  - Animal model of human disease. Cerebral calcification, cytomegalovirus infection.

PMID- 169701
TI  - The lead line in bone---a lesion apparently due to chondroclastic indigestion.
AB  - The metaphyseal line of increased radiodensity which occurs in lead poisoning was
      studied in children and young monkeys with lead encephalopathy and in guinea
      pigs. The histologic lesion consists of impaired resorption of calcified
      metaphyseal cartilage, depressed bone deposition on cartilaginous surfaces, and
      the accumulation of numerous multinucleate giant cells, some containing lead
      inclusions. By electron microscopy, the giant cells appear to be osteoclasts and
      chondroclasts containing large amounts of mineralized cartilage matrix. We
      interpret the lead line to be the result of a lead-induced inability of cartilage
      resorbing cells to degrade mineralized matrix, with a resultant impairment of
      metaphyseal cartilage resorption. The radiodensity of the lead line would thus be
      due to persistent mineralized metaphyseal cartilage and not to a primary osseous
      change. Some observations on lead inclusions in these cells suggest that the
      fibrillar component forms before the amorphous part.

PMID- 169703
TI  - Coronary artery cyclic AMP content during adrenergic receptor stimulation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the mechanical response
      of coronary smooth muscle following adrenergic receptor stimulation was mediated
      by changes in cyclic AMP content. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP caused relaxation of
      coronary artery strips. Aminophyline caused relaxation and a 254% elevation of
      cyclic AMP content (P less than 0.005). Phenylephrine caused contraction but no
      significant change in cyclic AMP content (P greater than 0.4). Epinephrine alone
      caused contraction and a 99% elevation of cyclic AMP content (P less than 0.001).
      The alpha blocker, phentolamine, reversed the mechanicaal response to
      epinephrine, but it did not significantly (P greater than 0.15) reduce the effect
      of epinephrine on cyclic AMP content. Propranolol enhanced the contractile
      response to epinephrine and attenuated the epinephrine-induced increase in cyclic
      AMP content. These results suggest that the contraction of coronary arteries
      associated with alpha-receptor stimulation is not mediated by changes in cyclic
      AMP content; however, relaxation associated with beta-receptor stimulation may be
      mediated by an increase in cyclic AMP content.

PMID- 169704
TI  - Estimation of cyclic AMP turnover in normal and methylprednisolone-treated dogs:
      effect of catecholamines.
AB  - The turnover rate of plasma cAMP was measured in unanesthetized normal and
      methylprednisolone (MP)-treated dogs with [8-3H]cAMP. Determination of specific
      activity was based on saturation of the specific binding protein, thus bypassing
      the need to know the plasma level of cAMP. In normal dogs the infusion of
      epinephrine increased plasma glucose by 33% and both the plasma level and rate of
      appearance (Ra) of cAMP 2.5-fold. Treatment with MP decreased the concentration
      as well as the turnover rate of cAMP by about 50%. It greatly potentiated not
      only the hyperglycemic effect (4-fold) of epinephrine but also the rise of plasma
      cAMP (8.5-fold) and that of Ra (6.8-fold). Norepinephrine infusion increased cAMP
      only by 50%. This effect was not potentiated by MP treatment and not altered by
      Na nicotinate. There was a linear correlation between plasma cAMP concentration
      and the rate of disappearance (Rd) of cAMP. It is concluded that: a) the increase
      of hepatic glycogenolysis is accompanied by a rise of cAMP output, whereas that
      of lipolysis is not; b) glucocorticoid treatment affects cAMP turnover; and c)
      the plasma level of cAMP is controlled by Ra, whereas Rd is the result of the
      mass-action effect of the concentration.

PMID- 169705
TI  - Hypercholesterolemia of total starvation: its mechanism via tissue mobilization
      of cholesterol.
AB  - After the establishment of a relatively linear decay curve for plasma [4
      14C]cholesterol, rabbits were starved for 26-32 days. The plasma cholesterol
      concentration increased 400% during starvation. Concurrently, the plasma
      triglyceride level declined by 50%. While the plasma cholesterol was rising, the
      cholesterol specific radioactivity of the plasma remained unchanged in starved
      animals, but in control animals the plasma cholesterol specific radioactivity
      declined substantially. The cholesterol content of the liver and adipose tissue
      increased with starvation. The cholesterol specific radioactivities relative to
      plasma for adipose tissue were lower in the starved animals versus controls.
      These results support the hypothesis that cholesterol stored in the lipid droplet
      of the adipose tissue cell is released into plasma and is the chief source of the
      hypercholesterolemia observed during complete caloric starvation. Cholesterol
      metabolism in the starved animal can be depicted as a virtually closed system in
      both the input from biosynthesis and diet being low or zero and the output
      likewise being close to zero.

PMID- 169706
TI  - Radionuclide perfusion lymphangiography. An experimental technique to complement
      the standard ethiodol lymphangiogram.

PMID- 169707
TI  - Clinical appraisal of a new lyophilized Tc stannous pyrophosphate kit for
      skeletal imaging.

PMID- 169708
TI  - Hepatoma associated with anabolic steroid therapy.
AB  - A patient with Fanconi's anemia who developed a hepatoma after 50 months of
      therapy with anabolic steroids is reported. The lesion presented as a cold focal
      defect on a Tc99m sulfur colloid scintigram, but was avascular on dynamic
      scintigraphy. Both the unusual avascularity of the hepatoma, and its association
      with anabolic steriod therapy are discussed.

PMID- 169709
TI  - [Electron microscopic investigations of vitreous collagen after treating the
      vitreous with liquefying substances (author's transl)].
AB  - By electron microscopic studies collagenase, hyaluronidase, HCl, ascorbic acid,
      and iron ions have been found to attack the collagen fibers of bovine vitreous.
      Because of the possible role of ascorbic acid in collagen synthesis and the
      ability of ascorbic acid to degrade hyaluronic acid and collagen we suggest that
      the ascorbic acid of the vitreous essentially participates in construction and
      metabolism of the vitreous body.

PMID- 169711
TI  - An assay for pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside kinase using gamma-32P-labeled ATP.

PMID- 169710
TI  - Low temperature trapping method for cytochrome oxidase oxygen intermediates.

PMID- 169712
TI  - Separation of bases, ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides by anion-exclusion
      and partition chromatography on cation-exchange resin: application to the assay
      of ribonucleotide reductase, deaminase and nucleosidase.

PMID- 169713
TI  - Method for measuring 32P-labeled cAMP levels in intact tissue.

PMID- 169714
TI  - [Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the ependyma in the III. ventricle of
      domestic ruminants].

PMID- 169715
TI  - On the function of sleep.
AB  - It is proposed that sleep serves the function of maintaining immobility in
      animals at times when immobility is an optimum behavioural survival strategem.
      Sleep is of great evolutionary age and is always carefully tailored to the life
      style of each animal; abundant in some species and absent from others. The
      survival advantages conferred on an animal by the power of sleep to schedule
      behaviour effectively may justify its existence and persistence in the evolution
      of species.

PMID- 169716
TI  - Mammary cancer in the dog: a study of 120 cases.
AB  - Of the 120 cases of mammary cancer occurring in 117 female dogs (15 spayed), 2
      male dogs, and 1 dog of undetermined sex, 107 (nearly 90%) were observed in dogs
      8 to 15 years old. Mammary tumors occurred in nearly 14% of 875 female dogs with
      neoplasms. Nearly 60% of 128 neoplasms were located in the 4th and 5th mammary
      glands. Of the 128 cancers in these 120 dogs, 85 were classified as duct
      carcinoma, 38 as lobular carcinoma, 3 as malignant mixed tumor, and 2 as duct and
      lobular carcinomas. Most duct carcinomas originated in the epithelial cells of
      ducts at all levels, and a few arose in previously benign duct papillomas. The
      lobular carcinomas arose in alveoli and developed into progressively larger
      lobules. A negative factor in the development of mammary cancer is ovariectomy
      before or shortly after the first estrous cycle in the dog and before the age of
      40 in women. In both dog and man, aging is a positive factor in the development
      of mammary cancer. In women, other positive factors are nulliparity and
      inheritance; e.g., a high rate of breast cancer in close female relatives of
      Jewish extraction. An epidemiologic study of breast cancer in man and dog in high
      risk countries(e.g., United States) and low-risk countries (e.g., Japan) is
      indicated.

PMID- 169717
TI  - [Sleep in elderly subjects. Description, analysis of various data obtained in a
      rural population].

PMID- 169718
TI  - The role of lymphocytes and macrophages in the destruction of bone and collagen.

PMID- 169719
TI  - The chemotaxis of selected cell types to connective tissue degradation products.
AB  - Because rheumatoid inflammation is associated with the presence of large numbers
      of leukocytes in joint effusions, the question of whether enzymatic splitting of
      collagen and fibrin can lead to generation of chemotactic factors was
      investigated. Fibrinogen was purified from the plasma of four different species,
      and the homogeneity of the preparations was established by physicochemical and
      immunologic techniques. Fibrin was prepared and then lysed with plasmin to obtain
      fibrin degradation products (FDP). Similarly, purified collagenase was used to
      lyse collagen in vitro, and the chemotactic activity of the reaction mixtures was
      analyzed. The experiments presented indicate that fibrinogen, fibrin, and plasmin
      do not possess any intrinsic chemotactic activity. However, when fibrin was split
      by plasmin, FDP of human, bovine, sheep, and equine origin all proved to be
      strong leukotactic agents for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Purified
      collagenase per se was found to be a cell type-specific chemotactic agent for
      PMN. Not only were collagen degradation products not chemotactic, but they also
      inhibited the leukotactic activity of the purified collagenase. Furthermore, this
      inhibition of the chemotactic activity of collagenase was independent of its
      enzymatic activity. The results presented suggest that there is a direct
      correlation between the process of fibrinolysis and the chemotactic attraction of
      leukocytes and between the presence of collagenase and leukotaxis. This system
      may serve as a model to explain the mechanisms by which cells accumulate in
      inflamed joints.

PMID- 169721
TI  - Biochemical characteristics of activated macrophages.

PMID- 169720
TI  - Yin/Yang modulation of lysosomal enzyme release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      by cyclic nucleotides.

PMID- 169722
TI  - Prostaglandins in the rheumatic diseases.
AB  - The prostaglandins may participate in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory
      rheumatic diseases by acting as mediators of inflammation and in promoting bone
      resorption. Levels of PGB (presumed to arise from PGE) in synovial fluids are
      elevated in the majority of a group of patients with inflammatory rheumatic
      diseases, as compared to similar patients treated with aspirin and indomethacin
      and patients with osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid synovium produces large amounts of
      PGE2 in organ culture. In addition, fibroblast cell lines derived from rheumatoid
      synovia synthesize more PGE and more cAMP than do cells from normal synovia or
      skin. The media from rheumatoid synovial organ cultures contain large quantities
      of bone-resorbing activity toward mouse calvaria in vitro. The bone resorption
      can be accounted for by PGE2 produced by the synovia, because the activity and PG
      synthesis are inhibited by more than 90% by incubation of the tissue with
      indomethacin, because it is quantitatively extractable into ether, and because it
      bears a relationship to the concentrations of PGE2 present, as measured by
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 169723
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides in lymphocyte function.

PMID- 169724
TI  - Pathogenic mechanisms of tissue injury in persistent viral infections.

PMID- 169725
TI  - [Mechanism of hyocorticosteronemia action of Strongyloides ratti in the rat].
AB  - In order to explain the hypocorticosteronemia which establishes itself in rats
      with Strongyloides ratti parasites, we are proceeding with a functional
      exploration of the hypothalamo-hypophyso-corticosurrenal axis in experimentally
      infested rodents. The adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone test (A.C.T.H.), stress to
      ether and the Lysin-8-Vasopressin and Metopirone tests lead to concordant
      results: -- the hypothalamo-pituitary-corticosurrenal present a functional
      integrity which allows it to react normally to direct stimulation or to feed
      back; -- the deficiency seems to relate to the hypothalamic secretion of the
      cortico-releasing factor; -- the cause would stem from an inhibition of the
      nervous mechanism which regulates this neurosecretion.

PMID- 169726
TI  - Non-myogenic tumors involving skeletal muscle. A survey with special reference to
      alveolar soft part sarcoma.
AB  - Skeletal muscle is remarkably free of neoplasms despite its great body mass.
      Metastatic tumors to skeletal muscle are distinctly uncommon. Primary myogenous
      tumors (defined as those whose cytoplasm contains myofibrils) are infrequent,
      compared to primary lesions of supporting stroma and vascular origin. Almost all
      non-myogenic tumors of striated muscle occur also in other areas of the body and
      many represent extension from contiguous structures. The distinctive non-myogenic
      tumor which occurs exclusively in skeletal muscle, alveolar soft part sarcoma,
      has ultrastrucutral features of a secretory lesion with distinctive membrane
      bound crystalloids which may be lipid in nature. The ultrastructural features of
      alveolar soft part sarcoma do not support a myogenous derivation.

PMID- 169727
TI  - Diagnostic value of cytologic specimens obtained from children with cancer.
AB  - The practical value of cytologic examination in the clinical management of
      children with cancer was determined by analyzing 2,363 cytologic specimens
      collected during a two year period. The specimens included cerebrospinal fluid,
      pleural and peritoneal effusions, urine and tracheal aspirates from 347 children
      with cancer. Malignant tumor cells were detected in 266 specimens obtained from
      106 children with the following malignant neoplasms: leukemia 44/133, malignant
      lymphoma 13/64, soft tissue sarcoma 13/48, neuroblastoma 13/26, Wilms' tumor
      4/18, malignant teratoma 4/13, osteogenic sarcoma 7/11, Ewing's sarcoma 2/10,
      brain tumor 5/6 and retinoblastoma 1/1. No malignant cells were detected in
      fluids from 18 patients with other tumors. The malignant cells were identified
      most ofter in spinal fluid, pleural and peritoneal effusions. Cytologic
      examination appears to be of value in the clinical management of children with
      cancer.

PMID- 169728
TI  - Detection of agents that alter the bacterial cell surface.
AB  - Proteus mirabilis is not killed by polymyxin B, normal serum, or sodium
      deoxycholate. Exposure to polymyxin B renders the cells susceptible to killing by
      the latter two agents. The data suggest that this synergism is due to polymyxin B
      induced surface changes. The results point out an inadequacy of existing methods
      of screening for antibiotics; they fail to detect agents which, while showing no
      in vitro effect on growth, may alter a resistant organism so that it becomes more
      susceptible to other antimicrobials or host defense mechanisms. A method is
      described which can be used to detect such cell surface-modifying agents.

PMID- 169729
TI  - Activity of gentamicin, tobramycin, polymyxin B, and colistimethate in mouse
      protection tests with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Mouse protection tests were carried out with four antibiotics and six strains of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All strains were susceptible to all four antibiotics by
      an in vitro test. A heavier bacterial inoculum increased the mean effective dose
      of gentamicin and tobramycin, but not polymyxin B. Second and third doses of
      gentamicin in the mouse protection test made little change in the mean effective
      dose. In the mouse protection tests, tobramycin was the most active antibiotic if
      the results were analyzed in terms of the therapeutic index or ratio of toxicity
      to efficacy. Colistimethate was poorly inactive in vivo. Polymyxin B was most
      active on an absolute basis but also was the most toxic. One strain of
      Pseudomonas was classified as resistant to gentamicin in vivo although it was
      susceptible in vitro. Strains of Pseudomonas that were uniformly susceptible to
      antibiotics in vitro were not uniformly susceptible in the mouse protection test
      to low doses of antibiotic.

PMID- 169730
TI  - Action of polymyxin B on bacterial membranes: morphological changes in the
      cytoplasm and in the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia
      coli B.
AB  - Though the primary action of the cationic antibiotic polymyxin B is against the
      membrane of susceptible bacteria, severe morphological changes are detected in
      the cytoplasm. Using fluorescence microscopy and a mono-N-dansyl-polymyxin B
      derivative, we could demonstrate aggregations of the antibiotic with cellular
      material, possibly nucleic acids and/or ribosomes. These aggregations were only
      produced by minimum inhibitory or higher concentrations of the antibiotic as
      shown with Salmonella and Escherichia strains differing in their polymyxin
      susceptibility. The outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium revealed
      characteristic blebs when treated with polymyxin B. This was investigated by the
      gentle methods of spray-freezing and freeze-etching. The obtained electron
      micrographs suggest that the polymyxin-induced blebs are projections of the outer
      monolayer of the outer membrane. A possible mechanism of penetration of polymyxin
      B through the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria is presented.

PMID- 169731
TI  - Removal of enteroviruses from sewage by bench-scale rotary-tube trickling
      filters.
AB  - The efficacy of a rotary-tube type of trickling filter for removing
      coxsackievirus A9, poliovirus 1, and echovirus 12 suspended in raw settled sewage
      was investigated. At filtration rates equivalent to about 10 MGD (million gallons
      per day)/acre (ca. 3,785 m3/day per acre), the filters removed 95% of the
      poliovirus, 83% of echovirus 12, and 94% of coxsackievirus A9. Coliform, fecal
      streptococci, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand removals were
      remarkably similar, averaging 94, 92, 93, and 95%, respectively. At filtration
      rates equivalent to about 23 MGD/acre, 59% of the poliovirus, 63% of the
      echovirus 23, and 81% of the coxsackievirus A9 were removed. Coliform, fecal
      streptococci, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand removals at
      this filtration rate were 68, 75, 72, and 56%, respectively. Viruses were assumed
      to be adsorbed to the biological slime growing in the filters, but attempts to
      disassociate the viruses from the slime were unsuccessful, indicating that the
      slime-virus complex is very stable or that the viruses were somehow inactivated.
      The data indicate that coliform and fecal streptococci reductions in this type
      sewage treatment process can be used as an index of virus reduction.
      Disinfection, however, must be used to ensure a virus-free final effluent.

PMID- 169732
TI  - Microbiological hazards of household toilets: droplet production and the fate of
      residual organisms.
AB  - Large numbers of bacteria and viruses when seeded into household toilets were
      shown to remain in the bowl after flushing, and even continual flushing could not
      remove a persistent fraction. This was found to be due to the adsorption of the
      organsims to the porcelain surfaces of the bowl, with gradual elution occuring
      after each flush. Droplets produced by flushing toilets were found to harbor both
      bacteria and viruses which had been seeded. The detection of bacteria and firuses
      falling out onto surfaces in bathrooms after flushing indicated that they remain
      airborne long enough to settle on surfaces throughout the bathroom. Thus, there
      is a possibility that a person may acquire an infection from an aerosol produced
      by a toilet.

PMID- 169733
TI  - Survival of human enteric and other sewage microorganisms under simulated deep
      sea conditions.
AB  - The survival of pure cultures of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis,
      Clostridium perfringens, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus under simulated deep-sea
      conditions of low temperature (4 C), seawater, and hydrostatic pressures ranging
      from 1 to 1,000 atm was determined over a period exceeding 300 h. The viability
      of E. coli and total aerobic bacteria in seawater-diluted raw sewage subjected to
      these deep-sea conditions was also measured. There was a greater survival of both
      E. coli and S. faecalis at 250 and 500 atm than at 1 atm at 4 C. S. faecalis was
      quite insensitive to 1,000 atm, whereas with E. coli there was a 10-fold die-off
      per 50-h exposure to 1,000 atm. In contrast, V. parahaemolyticus and C.
      perfringens were quite sensitive to pressures exceeding 250 atm, and with both of
      these species there was a total loss of viability of approximately 10(8) cells
      per ml within 100 h at 1,000 arm and within 200 h at 500 atm. The viability of
      the naturally occurring fecal coliforms in sewage exposed to moderate pressures
      at 4 C was found to be similar to the survival patterns demonstrated with pure
      cultures of E. coli. The total numbers of aerobic bacteria in these sewage
      samples, however, stabilized at 500 and 1,000 atm after 100 h, and at 1 and 250
      atm there was significant growth of sewage-associated bacteria, which apparently
      utilized the organic compounds in the seawater-diluted sewage samples. A
      preliminary classification of some of these bacteria indicated that approximately
      90% (160 isolates) of the organisms that survived over a 400-h exposure to 500
      and 1,000 atm were Arthrobacter/Corynebacterium species, and the representative
      organisms capable of growing at 1 and 250 atm in seawater at 4 C were gram
      positive cellulose digesters and an unidentified gram-negative coccus. The
      significance of these results with respect to the contamination of the deep ocean
      with human pathogens and the possibility of sewage-associated microorganisms
      growing and competing with indigenous marine microbial flora in situ is
      discussed.

PMID- 169734
TI  - Inhibition of Clostridium botulinum by strains of Clostridium perfringens
      isolated from soil.
AB  - Thirty-one soil samples were examined for the presence of organisms capable of
      inhibiting growth and toxin production of strains of Clostridium botulinum type
      A. Such organisms were found in eight samples of soil. Inhibiting strains of C.
      perfringens were found in five samples, of C. sporogenes in three and of Bacillus
      cereus in three. Three of the C. perfringens strains produced an inhibitor
      effective on all 11 strains of C. botulinum type A against which they were
      tested, seven of eight proteolytic type B strains, one nonproteolytic type B
      strain, five of nine type E strains and all seven type F strains, whether
      proteolytic or nonproteolytic. They did not inhibit any of 26 type C strains, 6
      type D strains, 4 type E strains, or 24 C. sporogenes strains. In mixed culture,
      an inhibitor strain of C. perfringens repressed growth and toxin production by a
      C. botulinum type A strain even though it was outnumbered by the latter about 40
      times. It also repressed growth and toxin production of C. botulinum in mixed
      culture of soils in which this latter organism naturally occurred when cooked
      meat medium but not when trypticase medium was used.

PMID- 169735
TI  - [Acute renal lesions induced in the rat by injection of 2-beta
      aminoethylisothiourea (AET)].

PMID- 169736
TI  - [Tumors of the accessory salivary glands. Study of 116 cases].

PMID- 169737
TI  - Ribo-substitution at the ends of duplex DNA: complete nucleotide sequence of the
      right-hand cohesive end of coliphage 186 DNA.

PMID- 169738
TI  - Structural studies on fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatases from rabbit liver, kidney,
      and muscle.

PMID- 169739
TI  - Studies on the inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis by N-6,O-2'-dibutyryl adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate.

PMID- 169741
TI  - Enzyme levels of normal human cells: aging in culture.

PMID- 169740
TI  - Intracellular localization of GDP-L-fucose:glycoprotein and CMP-sialic acid:
      apolipoprotein glycosyltransferases in rat and pork livers.

PMID- 169742
TI  - Alterations of transfer RNA during erythroid differentiation of murine virus
      induced leukemia cells.

PMID- 169743
TI  - Comparative distribution of cytochrome oxidase, succinate permease, and fixed
      anionic sites on the intact inner mitochondrial membrane. Polycationic ferritin
      as a visually detectable metabolic inhibitor.

PMID- 169745
TI  - The self-association of apoA-II, an apoprotein of the human high density
      lipoprotein complex.

PMID- 169744
TI  - The influence of catecholamines and cyclic AMP on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A reductase activity and lipid biosynthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 169746
TI  - Copper-chelatin: purification and properties of a copper-binding protein from rat
      liver.

PMID- 169747
TI  - Copper-chelatin: isolation from various eucaryotic sources.

PMID- 169748
TI  - Studies on the interaction of heparin with serum lipoproteins in the presence of
      Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+.

PMID- 169750
TI  - The interaction of a proteolipid from sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes with
      phospholipids. A spin label study.

PMID- 169749
TI  - The effect of ascorbic acid on lysyl and prolyl hydroxylase activity of cultured
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 169751
TI  - Nitrosyl-hemoglobin formation in the blood of animals exposed to nitric oxide.
AB  - Animals were exposed to nitric oxide (NO) in order to study its biological
      effect. First a method was developed to exclude nitrogen dioxide formed during
      exposure of NO. Nitrosyl-hemoglobin (NOHb) in the blood of mice, rats, and
      rabbits exposed to NO was determined by electron spin resonance spectrometry at 
      100C. The content of NOHb in the blood of the mouse reached the maximum (0.13% of
      the total hemoglobin) 20 minutes after the exposure was begun and thereafter a
      state of equilibrium was maintained. The NOHv level decreased to one half in
      several minutes after the mouse was removed to a filtered air environment. Dose
      response relationship was observed between gas concentrations and the maximum
      NOHb level.

PMID- 169752
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of human brucellosis in western Africa. Results of
      surveys made in Ivory Coast, Upper Volta and Niger].

PMID- 169753
TI  - Evaluation of craniofacial surgery in the treatment of facial deformities.
AB  - Surgical access to the cranial, orbital, and facial areas, as developed by
      Tessier, has produced not only definitive repair of previously uncorrectable
      congenital deformities such as orbital hypertelorism and facial stenosis (e.g.,
      Crouzon's, Apert's syndromes) but also has improved markedly the treatment of
      traumatic and neoplastic defects. The surgical approach allows complete
      dissection of facial soft tisses including the orbits from the underlying bones
      followed by corrective osteotomies and fixation. Mobilization of the frontal
      lobes through a frontal bone flap exposure may be required. The ramifications of
      this latest intrusion by surgeons into a previously inviolate anatomic area have
      involved neurosurgeons, ophthalmologists, anesthesiologists, and dental and
      psycho-social disciplines. The disciplines of genetics and embryology are being
      influenced by this new field of surgery, much as the study of immunology was
      influenced by transplantation surgery two decades ago. This report analyzes a 10
      year experience with over 100 patients with emphasis on patient selection by
      disease, age, intellectual status, morbidity, complications, and the psycho
      social reactions of patient and family. Procedures initially planned to correct
      dental and aesthetic defects are proving beneficial for other functions including
      hearing, taste and smell, articulation and tongue movement, respiratory function,
      vision, and possibly bone growth. The development of self image, a normal process
      always in operation, is also strikingly altered. These operations may last as
      long as 14 to 16 hours. We have had no deaths or postoperative blindness. One
      postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak was successfully repaired. Three partial
      losses of bone grafts and four instances of late cellulitis have occurred.
      Prevention of infection seems related to avoidance of dead spaces and primary
      closure of all mucosal, dural, conjunctival and skin surfaces.

PMID- 169755
TI  - Effect of thymectomy on zoxazolamine paralysis and metabolism in untreated and
      (PCN) pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitril- or ACTH-pretreated rats.
AB  - The effect of thymectomy on zoxazolamine paralysis and metabolism was
      investigated in young female untreated and PCN- or ACTH-pretreated rats.
      Thymectomy performed at least 24 hr before injection of zoxazolamine
      significantly prolonges paralysis time. Pretreatment with PCN (an inducer of
      hepatic microsomal enzymes) or ACTH (known to alter protein binding and excretion
      of zoxazolamine) shortened paralysis in thymectomized animals; but only in
      comparison to thymus ablated controls. The surgical intervention seemed to
      decrease the metabolism of zoxazolamine in the 9,000g supernatant fraction of the
      liver.

PMID- 169754
TI  - The prediction of hormonal dependency of mammary cancer.
AB  - The estrogen receptor protein (estrophilin) was determined in specimens from 359
      primary breast cancers and from metastatic tumors of 214 patients. Ninety-eight
      patients were eventually treated by some form of endocrine therapy: 82 patients
      were treated by ablative therapy, and 16 by hormonal additive treatment. The
      records of 81 of the 98 patients whose tumors were characterized for estrogen
      receptor content and who had received some type of endocrine therapy were
      reviewed by a peer review group that assessed the objective data for these
      patients regarding objective remission or failure to treatment. A positive
      estrophilin determination was defined as receptor content greater than 250 fmole
      per gram of tumor for premenopausal females and greater than 750 fmole per gram
      of tumor for postmenopausal and previously castrated patients. Estrogen receptor
      determinations may be made from tumor specimens as small as 200 mg. Sixty-nine
      patients underwent some form of ablative therapy. Twenty-seven of these patients
      were found to have significant receptor determinations. Of those patients in whom
      a definite determination was made of their post-treatment response, roughly two
      thirds experienced objective remissions. None of the 42 patients with negative
      estrogen receptor determination experienced an objective remission to ablative
      endocrine therapy. Only one of 6 patients with negative determinations benefited
      from additive hormonal therapy; 4 of 6 patients with positive determinations
      benefited from additive therapy. Not all women with receptor containing mammary
      cancer will respond favorably to endocrine therapy, but those patients whose
      tumors lack a critical amount of estrophilin have little chance of benefit from
      either endocrine ablation or hormone administration. The estrogen receptor
      content of the primary tumor indicates the hormonal dependency of the tumor and
      may be used to predict the response to endocrine treatment when recurrent disease
      appears.

PMID- 169756
TI  - Effect of methadone on the male reproductive system.
AB  - Daily injections (s.c.) of methadone HCL (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) for 5 or 10 days
      caused significant regression (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the weights of
      sex accessory organs and testes in mature mice. Similar treatment regimens led to
      significant elevations in the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in
      the prostate gland (P less than or equal to 0.05). Daily injuctions of morphine
      sulfate (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) likewise caused significant increases in cAMP levels
      in the prostate gland (P less than or equal to 0.05). When either of these drugs
      were incubated in vitro with prostate glands obtained from normal mice, the cAMP
      levels were also observed to be elevated (P less than or equal to 0.05). The
      results reveal that so-called analgesic drugs can exert deleterious actions upon
      male reproductive tissues in the mouse.

PMID- 169757
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of local cooling on adrenergic neurotransmission in the
      dog's cutaneous vein.

PMID- 169758
TI  - Further studies on the effect of cyclic nucleotides on testis DNA synthesis.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAPM) on in vitro rat testis DNA
      synthesis appears to be relatively specific in nature. Of 7 organs studied, only
      testis and kidney in vitro DNA synthesis was significantly affected. In addition,
      another cyclic nucleotide, dibutyryl cyclic GMP (by dbc AMP), had no effect on in
      vitro testis DNA synthesis. This was true whether testis tissue was mature or
      immature. Similarly, by dbcAMP had no significant effect on in vitro testicular
      protein or RNA synthesis. The inhibition of in vitro testicular DNA synthesis by
      dbcAMP occurs while 3H-cAMP is accumulating in testis tissue.  dbcGMP was found
      to have no antagonistic effect towards the inhibitory effect of dbcAMP on in
      vitro testis DNA synthesis.

PMID- 169759
TI  - [Antibodies in patients with cervicouterine carcinoma].
AB  - Cervical smears and serum samples were obtained from 28 ABO compatible patients
      with carcinoma of the cervix (CaCx) in O to IV clinical stages. Serum IgG
      antibodies against autologous CaCx cells were detected by immunofluorescence
      reactions in 24/24 patients with carcinoma of the cervix in I to IV clinical
      stages. These antibodies also reacted against alogeneic CaCx cells 53/54.
      Negative reactions were obtained n 4/4 cases of carcinoma of the cervix in stage
      O, and in control group, 10 normal persons and in 33 neoplastic sera from
      patients with other malignancies. Hence, detection of serum antibodies against
      CaCx cells could be an additional tool for CaCx detection.

PMID- 169760
TI  - [Hypercalcemia in patients with primary carcinoma of the liver without bone
      metastases (author's transl)].

PMID- 169761
TI  - [Neonatal lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia due to a congenital hepatic fructose
      1,6-diphosphatase deficiency].
AB  - Famialial defect of hepatic fructose-1,6-diphosphatase. Diagnosis was suspected
      in a male newborn since a brother was also concerned by the disease. The disease
      may be therefore diagnosed early, when the onset is neonatal. In the neonatal
      distress syndromes due to hereditery disorders of metabolism, a semiologic field
      may be isolated in which symptoms begin after an interval of short duration with
      hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis and ketosis ("enlarged liver
      hypoglycemia"). This possibility leads first to a symptomatic treatment of
      hypoglycemia and acidoketosis, then to the feeding with human milk and simple
      functional tests for the diagnostic approach.

PMID- 169762
TI  - Activity of some enzymes which synthesize and metabolize catecholamines in the
      brain and peripheral organs in developing rats.
AB  - Activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO), DOPA-decarboxylase (DD), phenoletha
      nolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) were studied in
      the brain and its parts, heart, kidneys, adrenals and liver in developing rats.
      In vitro, the action of nialamid on MAO activity in the liver, RO-4-4602 on DD
      activity in the liver, and D(-) INPEA on PNMT activity in the adrenals was
      investigated. The influence of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 200 mg/kg i. p., on
      MAO activity in the liver of developing rats was also studied. Irregular changes
      in activities of examined enzymes during development were observed. 6-OHDA,
      nialamid and RO-4-4602 inhibited enzyme activities in young rats more strongly
      than in adult animals.

PMID- 169763
TI  - Action of biogenic amines injected intracerebrally on duration of hexobarbital
      induced sleep in rats.
AB  - The influence of intracerebrally injected biogenic amines and cyclic AMP
      dibutyrate on duration of sleep induced with hexobarbital (50 mg/kg i.v.) in rats
      was studied. Duration of sleep was markedly prolonged by adrenaline,
      noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-hydroxydopamine and acetylcholine. Cyclic AMP
      dibutyrate injected 30 minutes before hexobarbital shortened time of sleep. The
      role of biogenic amines in hexobarbital-induced sleep is discussed.

PMID- 169764
TI  - [Cytomegaly and central nervous system abnormalities. Report of 2 cases
      associated with agenesia of the corpus callosum and cystic encephalopathy].
AB  - Two cases of cytomegaly of the central nervous system of infants, disclosing
      typical viral inclusions in the brain tissues, associated with agenesia of the
      corpus callosum and cystic symmetrical post-infarction encephalopathy are
      reported. It is suggested that the callosal defect was caused by cystic
      degeneration occuring within the lamina reuniens and the prematurely fused sulcus
      medianus, in early intrauterine life. The possibility of cytomegalic etiology of
      the malformation is discussed. However the occurrence of viral disease in a
      previous abnormal brain cannot be discarded. The cystic symmetrical
      encephalopathy is explained through a redistribution (shunting) of the cerebral
      blood flow, brought about by the existence of a peculiar mechanism which he calls
      - priority blood supplying system. This proposed system probably acts
      independently of the cerebral blood flow autoregulatory mechanisms in emergency
      states, shunting the blood to the vitaly more important homeostatic
      neurovegetative centers. This mechanism, in spite of its actual effectiveness, if
      prolonged, may be deleterious to the excluded territories and produce
      irreversible damages. The morphologic expression of these damages are the
      multiple symmetrical brain infarctions. Following occasional survival, the tissue
      debris of the destroyed structures in the involved areas, are slowly and
      progressively removed by reabsorption and replaced by unusual symmetrical
      cavitations.

PMID- 169765
TI  - Adrenoleukodystrophy. A clinical and pathological study of 17 cases.
AB  - Adrenoleukodystrophy was diagnosed pathologically in 17 male patients. The
      diagnosis was suggested by clinical and laboratory signs of primary adrenal
      failure and by neurological signs referable to the degeneration of white matter.
      Neurological findings usually predominated over clinical stigmata of adrenal
      failure. Adrenal biopsy has proved to be the most reliable diagnostic test, while
      brain biopsy has often been misleading. The histological picture of the brain
      lesion differs substantially from that of the adrenal, but the presence of
      similar ultrastructural cytoplasmic inclusions suggests a common metabolic
      disorder. Morphological analysis of the cerebral lesion indicates that the
      destruction may spread in a caudal-rostral direction. The intense inflammatory
      cell response occurs within the demyelinated areas, behing the area of active
      myelin breakdown, and appears to be a secondary feature of white matter
      degeneration.

PMID- 169766
TI  - APO low density lipoprotein localization. Intracranial and extracranial
      atherosclerotic lesions from human normolipoproteinemics and
      hyperlipoproteinemics.
AB  - APO low density lipoprotein (apoB), the major protein in plasma low (LDL) and
      very low (VLDL) density lipoproteins, was localized in extracranial and
      intracranial arteries from normolipoproteinemics and hyperlipoproteinemics to
      determine if apoB extensiveness and localization varied with plasma lipoprotein
      profile. Specimens of carotid bifureation, internal carotid, basilar, and middle
      cerebral arteries from 23 subjects with normal lipoprotein levels, four with
      elevated LDL (type II), and 13 with elevated VLDL (type IV) values were studied
      with the employment of immunofluorescence techniques. Although the apoB
      localization pattern was identical in each group, extensiveness of positive
      localization was greatest in lesions from type II cases and the same in lesions
      from type IV and normolipoproteinemics. This suggests that sites of apoB
      retention are dependent on the chemical and structural changes in atherosclerotic
      arteries, whereas extensiveness correlates with the apoB concentration gradient
      between plasma and tissue.

PMID- 169768
TI  - Acute SSPE.
AB  - Two patients had acute fulminanting encephalitis and the typical pathological
      changes of subacute slcerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). It is suggested that SSPE
      should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute viral encephalitis.

PMID- 169767
TI  - Reye's syndrome and cerebellar intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies.
AB  - A patient with Reye syndrome had intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in Purkinje
      cells. Electron microscopical examination demonstrated the inclusions to contain
      internal particles, but these were not identifiable as known virions. Results of
      viral studies were normal.

PMID- 169769
TI  - Laser diffusometer for estimation of smoothness of human dental enamel produced
      by dentifrice abrasives.

PMID- 169770
TI  - Synovial sarcoma of the laryngopharynx.
AB  - Synovial sarcoma of the laryngopharynx is an extremely rare neoplasm. To date,
      only two such cases have been reported. We describe two additional patients in
      whom this lesion occurred as a primary neoplasm of the laryngopharynx.
      Hoarseness, upper respiratory distress, and dysphagia characterize the original
      complaints in laryngopharyngeal synovial sarcoma. The difficulties that may be
      encountered in histologic diagnosis are emphasized. Our findings suggest that an
      aggressive surgical approach is indicated. Adjuvant therapy with irradiation and
      the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), may contribute to better
      survival rates.

PMID- 169771
TI  - Davis-1961 revisited. Signal transmission in the cochlear hair cell-nerve
      junction.
AB  - In 1961, Hallowell Davis proposed the occurrence of the following general
      sequence of interrelated events in sense organs, in response to specific sensory
      inputs: (1) the generation of receptor potentials in the sensory cells; (2)
      chemical transmission across the synapses between hair cells and afferent
      dendrites; and (3) the triggering of postsynaptic generator potentials capable of
      eliciting the actual nerve action potentials. Although at the time of his writing
      there was no evidence for this hypothesis in the auditory organ, there is now
      good support for the occurrence of all three events and for their general
      importance in the sensory transduction process.

PMID- 169772
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus associated with episodes of recurrent tonsillitis.
AB  - A group of patients with a history of recurrent tonsillitis were observed during
      an acute episode to determine the cause of the infection. The microbial pathogen
      that was consistently implicated was the Epstein-Barr virus. Seventeen (65%) of
      26 patients exhibited a substantial seroconversion to the early antigen of
      Epstein-Barr-virus-infected lymphoblastoid cells (P3HR-1). We conclude that there
      is a high incidence of tonsillitis associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. The
      propensity of the virus for the palatine tonsils, a rich source of B cells, in
      suggested. Furthermore, the value of monitoring early antigen titers to confirm
      the nature of the infection is apparent, bearing relevance to future studies of
      this virus.

PMID- 169774
TI  - Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis from paraquat in the hamster.
AB  - The effects of paraquat in hamsters were evaluated to find a rodent model of
      interstitial pulmonary disease free from spontaneous infection. Because the
      repeated doses necessary to produce chronic lung injury suggested
      hypersensitivity mechanisms, concurrently administered Freund adjuvant and
      adenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) were tested separately. Effects were measured
      by mortality, change in body weight, and morphometric estimate of lung injury.
      Findings were as follows: (1) only repeated doses in a very narrow range produced
      chronic interstitial injury; (2) ACTH clearly protected animals from the general
      systemic and pulmonary effects of paraquat; and (3) adjuvant specifically
      protected against the pulmonary injury alone. There was no evidence of
      immunologic contribution to paraquat injury.

PMID- 169773
TI  - Temporal bone findings in cryptococcal meningitis.
AB  - A 19-year-old woman with cryptococcal meningitis died as a result of her disease,
      in spite of both intravenous and intraventricular administration of amphotericin
      B. Gross and microscopic examinations revealed multiple cysts containing
      Cryptococcus neoformans within the central nervous system. Studies of the
      temporal bones revealed both neural and end organ destruction with the presence
      of Cryptococcus when stained by Gomori methenamine silver nitrate method. We
      present the results of audiometric and vestibular examinations. The case history
      depicts a progressive neurological involvement by Cryptococcus.

PMID- 169775
TI  - The effects of additives on the thermal behaviour of gypsum-bonded casting
      investments. Part I.
AB  - In the formulation of gypsum-bonded casting investments, small amounts of certain
      modifiers are sometimes added to increase the investment's thermal expansion. In
      the present investigation, a systematic study has been made of the effects on
      thermal expansion of adding boric acid and sodium chloride to the investment
      powder, and glycerol to the mixing water. The combination of 0.2 per cent of
      sodium chloride in the powder, and 10 per cent of glycerol in the mixing water,
      appears to offer most promise in the formulation of an investment with a high
      thermal expansion.

PMID- 169776
TI  - The sterilization of gutta-percha points.
AB  - The traditional methods employed for the sterilization of gutta-percha points are
      unsatisfactory. The use of propylene oxide for this purpose is described and
      experimental evidence is advanced to support this use.

PMID- 169777
TI  - Urinary cyclic AMP in diagnosis and management of hypercalcaemia: studies of
      patients without primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Urinary adenosine -3' ,5' - cyclic monophosphate was measured in 14 patients with
      hypercalcaemia not caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. Increased levels were
      found in patients with malignant disease without bone metastases and believed to
      be examples of paraendocrine syndrome. Decreased levels were found in patients
      with metastatic carcinoma involving bone, and in patients with multiple myeloma,
      lymphoma and immobilisation after fracture. Results obtained during treatment for
      hypercalaemia are described in three patients. In two hypercalcaemic patients
      (one with hyperthyroidism and one with breast cancer with bone metastases) normal
      levels were found. This measurement is a useful substitute for assay of serum
      parathyroid hormone and is of value in the diagnosis of hypercalcaemia, in
      monitoring effects of treatment and in revealing underlying mechanisms.

PMID- 169778
TI  - Urinary excretion of cyclic AMP in primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Urinary adenosine 3' 5' - cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) was assessed by a
      competitive protein binding method in 19 patients with primary
      hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and in 15 control subjects. The mean value of 6.6 +/-
      S.E. 0-64 muM per 24 hours for the patients with PHPT was higher (P less than 0
      001) than the mean control value of 3-2 +/- 0-24 muM per 24 hours. In all
      hypercalcaemic patients without renal insufficiency, urinary cyclic AMP excretion
      was more than 4 muM per 24 hours and decreased in the 15 patients investigated
      after parathyroidectomy. In a normocalcaemic hyperparathyroid patient and in
      three hyperparathyroid patients with renal insufficiency, urinary cyclic AMP was
      less than 4 muM per 24 hours.

PMID- 169779
TI  - Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia re-visted: findings in a sydney population.
AB  - The clinical and biochemical features of eleven patients with Type V
      hyperlipoproteinaemia have been reviewed.  All patients were male, and there was
      a high incidence in the group of obesity, vascular disease, acute abdominal pain,
      gout, diabetes mellitus and alcoholism.  Plasma cholesterol concentrations ranged
      from 212 to 1512 mg/100ml and triglycerides from 708 to 7670 mg/100 ml.  Lipaemia
      was associated with significant hyponatraemia, and also interfered with the
      determination of plasma glucose and serum amylase.  Chylomicronaemia and
      hyperprebetalipoproteinaemia were accompanied by reduction in the pools of beta
      and alpha lipoproteins.  All lipoprotein classes were relatively depleted of
      cholesterol compared to triglyceride.  There was a variable pattern of treatment
      response.  In some patients alcohol withdrawal produced a rapid improvement in
      plasma lipids.  In diabetes mellitus there were two types of response: a rapid
      one in chronic insulin deficiency, and secondly, a more gradual one in mild
      diabetes associated with hyperinsulinaemia.  In other patients there was a rapid
      response to carbohydrate-calorie restriction but the respective contributions of
      each of the steps remained unclear.

PMID- 169781
TI  - Inappropiate ADH secretion associated with massive vincristine overdosage.
AB  - A patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia is described who developed meningeal
      leukemia 14 months after the initial diagnosis was made.  As part of his
      antileukemic therapy, at that time, he received prednisone and vincristine, given
      prophylactically to maintain a bone marrow remission.  He inadvertently received
      15 mg of vincristine instead of 1.5 mg.  Following this overdosage he developed
      pancytopaenia, mild neurotoxicity and subsequently a grand mal seizure associated
      with the delayed onset of hyponatremia.  This was presumed to be due to the
      inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secondary to vincristine
      toxicity.  This responded to fluid restriction and anti-epileptiform therapy.

PMID- 169780
TI  - Hepatitis B antigen and auto-antibodies in chronic liver diseases in Hong Kong.
AB  - The frequency of occurrence of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and certain tissue
      autoantibodies [antinuclear antibody (ANA), smooth muscle antibody (SMA) and
      mitochondrial antibody (MIA)] were studied with the microtiter complement
      fixation and immunofluorescence techniques respectively in a group of patients
      suffering from chronic liver diseases.  These were chronic hepatitis (30),
      cirrhosis of the liver (66) and hepatocellular carcinoma, mostly with underlying
      cirrhosis (100).  A group of closely matched hospital in-patients served as
      controls.  HBAg was found in high frequency in the patients with liver disease
      (60% in chronic hepatitis, 36.4% in cirrhosis and 49% in hepatocellular
      carcinoma) whereas tissue auto-antibodies were found in lower frequencies (16.7%,
      10.6% and 13% in the three groups respectively).  However, in both the frequency
      was significantly higher than that in the controls (9.2% for HBAg and 0.8% for
      auto-antibodies).  There was a negative correlation between HBAg and tissue auto
      antibodies in the group of patients with liver disease when taken as a whole
      (x2=14.3, P less than 0.001).  These results suggest a possible aetiological role
      played by hepatitis virus B in hepatocellular carcinoma through chronic hepatitis
      and cirrhosis in Hong Kong while the mutual exclusion between HBAg and auto
      antibodies supports the hypothesis of heterogeneity in the aetiology of chronic
      liver diseases.  The patients with auto-antibodies may belong to the auto-immune
      category but no definate conclusion can be reached until the role played by
      hepatitis virus A in chronic liver diseases is clarified when more reliable
      techniques for its identification are available.

PMID- 169782
TI  - Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone production and neoplasm.
AB  - Three patients presented with severe hypokalaemic, hypochloraemic alkalosis,
      muscle weakness and later cutaneoud pigmentation.  There were few signs of
      Cushing's syndrome.  Two had bronchial and one pancreatic neoplasm.  Plasma
      cortisol and urinary steroid metabolites were extremely elevated and synacthen
      stimulation showed significant adrenal capacity even with adrenal metastases. 
      Aminoglutethamide reduced plasma cortisol in two patients.

PMID- 169783
TI  - Aortic body tumour in an ox.

PMID- 169784
TI  - Inheritance of a lethal immunodeficiency disease of Arabian foals.
AB  - A fatal syndrome of certain Arabian foals which begins at about 25 days of age
      (range 14 to 46 days) and which runs a course of about 23 days (range 13 to 42
      days) is described. The syndrome, which affected 17 foals on a single farm is
      further characterised by pneumonia, in some instances by dermatitis
      (dermatophilosis) and other infections, together with a progressive decline in
      health till death at about 49 days of age (range 34 to 77 days), despite
      intensive therapy. Four of the foals, on histopathological evidence, had
      adenviral pneumonia, in 2 foals there was histopathological evidence of an
      immunodeficiency disease and an adenovirus was isolated from 1 foal. It is
      argued, however, that the 17 foals were affected by a single, specific syndrome
      (an immunodeficiency disease) and that this disease is inherited as a simple,
      recessive, autosomal gene.

PMID- 169785
TI  - Bluetongue in sheep and goats.
AB  - A description is given of the symptomatology, pathology and pathogenesis of
      bluetongue in sheep and goats. The economic significance of the disease in South
      Africa is discussed.

PMID- 169786
TI  - Bluetongue: the disease in cattle.
AB  - Most researchers in South Africa found that although BT virus could be isolated
      from apparently healthy cattle and from inoculated cattle the virus did not
      produce overt clinical disease in cattle. However, when epizootics were reported
      outside Africa, clinical signs were observed in cattle in Israel, Palestine,
      Syria, Portugal, and Spain. Most natural BT infections in cattle in the United
      States do not result in overt clinical signs. However, in certain infected herds,
      approximately 5% of the cattle show from mild to severe disease. Except for
      severe cases, spontaneous recovery is usual. The clinical diagnosis of BT in
      cattle is difficult and requires laboratory assistance. Culicoides variipennis
      can serve as a vector of BT virus from cattle to cattle, cattle to sheep, sheep
      to cattle, and sheep to sheep. In utero transmission occurs in cattle and can
      result in abortion, hydraencephaly, congenital deformity, and birth of viraemic
      calves which may or may not develop BT antibody. Calves inoculated in utero or
      those born to infected dams may have a persistent viraemia with or without BT
      antibody. tone such animal has been held in insect-secure quarters and has
      continued to harbour virus for 3 years. Bluetongue virus was isolated from the
      semen of experimentally infected bulls. Calves inoculated with BT virus and also
      given an immuno-suppressant developed marked clinical disease in 8 to 12 days.
      Bluetongue virus is very closely associated with the erythrocytes of infected
      cattle, sheep, and goats. Cattle are considered important and relatively long
      term virus reservoirs. In attempts to determine the maximum period of viraemia in
      cattle it is necessary to inoculate washed erythrocytes, rather than whole blood,
      and to use susceptible sheep as the assay system rather than embryonated chicken
      eggs.

PMID- 169787
TI  - Bluetongue-like disease of deer.
AB  - A comparison has been made of the disease produced in white-tailed deer by the
      viruses of epizootic haemorrhagic disease and bluetongue. The similar nature of
      these diseases in deer and of some of the viral properties has been described.
      Although these two viruses are considered to be distinct, it is possible by
      employing an unnatural procedure to produce antibody which will demonstrate a
      minor antigenic component common to both viruses. Biological features that differ
      between the two viruses have also been noted.

PMID- 169788
TI  - Ibaraki disease and its relationship to bluetongue.
AB  - Ibaraki disease, an epizootic disease of cattle in Japan resembling bluetongue,
      is characterized by fever and lesions affecting the mucous membranes, the skin,
      the musculature and vascular system. Degeneration of striated muscular tissue is
      observed in the oesophagus, larynx, pharynx, tongue and the skeletal muscles.
      Oedema and haemorrhage are marked in the mouth, lips, abomasum, around the
      coronets, etc., and are occasionally followed by degeneration of the epithelium
      leading to erosions or ulcerations. Severe lesions affecting the oesophageal and
      laryngopharyngeal musculature cause difficulty in swallowing which in turn
      produces dehydration and emaciation, and occasionally the aspiration pneumonia,
      which constitute the major causes of death of affected animals. These clinical
      and pathological findings indicate the similarity of the disease to bluetongue in
      sheep and cattle. Ibaraki disease was first recognised in Japan in 1959 and 1960.
      Seasonally its occurrence is limited to late summer and autumn, and
      geographically to the central and western parts of Japan, roughly south of 37
      degrees north latitude. It is absent from the higher altitudes. The seasonal and
      geographical incidence suggests the possibility of an arthropod vector; but
      direct evidence for such a vector is still lacking. Serological data suggest the
      presence of Ibaraki virus on Bali Island in Indonesia and in Taiwan. The disease
      can be transmitted serially in calves by the intravenous inoculation of blood
      obtained at the height of a febrile reaction. Ibaraki virus can be isolated in
      bovine cell cultures from both natural and experimentally produced cases of the
      disease. The virus multiplies and induces cytopathic effects in primary cultures
      of bovine, sheep and hamster lung origin, and L cells; but it does not grow in
      primary cultures of horse and swine kidney nor in HeLa cell cultures. The virus
      is readily passaged serially in 4 to 5-day-old eggs by yolk-sac inoculation and
      incubation at 33.5 degrees C. It multiplies in the brains of mice of any age
      after incracerebral inoculation but younger mice give a better viral growth and
      develop encephalitis. No evidence has been obtained that rabbits and guinea pigs
      are susceptible to Ibaraki virus...

PMID- 169789
TI  - Serological methods in the diagnosis of bluetongue.
AB  - The viral antibodies in the serum of cattle, sheep and deer are not detectable in
      the ordinary direct CF test. We have shown that the so-called "non complement
      fixing" viral antibodies in the serum of these animal species can be demonstrated
      by the MDCF test. The MDCF test, as well as the micro AGP test, are group
      reactive, with all BT isolates studied. However, it is possible with these tests
      to differentiate antigenically BT virus from EHD virus. The FAT was also useful
      in differentiating BT virus grown in TC cells from the EHD virus. In the PRN
      test, all the BT virus isolates studied cross reacted and although quantitative
      differences were frequently observed, no obvious antigenic classification was
      possible with the antiserums used in this work. Reactions between the BT viral
      isolates and the EHD virus were all within the limits of what is presently
      considered to be non-specific inhibition.

PMID- 169790
TI  - The comparative sensitivity of sheep and chicken embryos to bluetongue virus and
      observations on viraemia in experimentally infected sheep.
AB  - The virus titre in sheep blood samples received from BT-suspected cases in the
      field was assayed in sheep and in chicken embryos. These infected blood samples
      represented 3 different BT virus types: 4, 10 and 16. Three identical experiments
      were performed, one with each of the 3 different virus types. Ten-fold dilutions
      of the infected blood samples were prepared and 1 ml of each blood dilution was
      inoculated IV into series of 10 to 12-month old susceptible sheep; at the same
      time 0.1 ml of each dilution was inoculated IV into series of 10 to 13-day-old
      chicken embryos. The virus titre was found to be similar when assayed in the two
      host systems. There was no correlation between the amount of virus inoculated and
      the severity of symptoms in the inoculated sheep. The virus content in daily
      blood samples collected from the experimental sheep was assayed by IV inoculation
      of CE. Virus was isolated from all the reacting sheep and was detected sometimes
      as early as 1 day PI and as late as 30 days PI. A high titre of log10 4.0 to 7.0
      per 1 ml of blood was recorded during several consecutive days before and after
      the onset of clinical signs. There seemed to be an inverse ratio between the
      amount of virus inoculated and the number of days the virus persisted in the
      bloodstream. The neutralisation index in day 22 serum samples was 3.5 to 4.5.
      Virus was isolated from some of the reacting sheep on the day that these antibody
      levels were recorded. Since the comparative simultaneous titrations of BT virus
      in sheep and in CE yielded similar results, the IV inoculation of CE is advocated
      as the routine method to be employed for laboratory diagnosis of this disease.

PMID- 169791
TI  - The epizootiology of bluetongue: the African situation.
AB  - Bluetongue virus is transmitted biologically by various species of Culicoides,
      notably C. pallidipennis and C. variipennis. Factors such as rainfall,
      temperature and relative altitude, which influence the breeding of the insect
      vectors also govern the incidence and distribution of the disease. The host range
      of bluetongue virus includes sheep, cattle, goats and various antelopes. Many
      other, as yet unidentified hosts could perhaps harbour the virus and influence
      the epizootiology of the disease. The close relationship between C. pallidipennis
      and cattle is indicated and the efficient mechanism for virus maintenance which
      this relationship constitutes is emphasised. It is further postulated that sheep
      are not essential for the continued survival of bluetongue virus, but merely
      function as accidental or indicator hosts.

PMID- 169792
TI  - Bluetongue in Cyprus.

PMID- 169794
TI  - The control of bluetongue in an enzootic situation.
AB  - On account of the wide host range of bluetongue virus and its biological
      transmission by insects, control of the disease in an enzootic situation is based
      primarily on the active immunisation of susceptible animals as well as on the
      prevention of contact between the insect vectors and the susceptible hosts. In
      spite of their unquestionable value, the egg attenuated vaccines which are
      currently employed for prophylactic immunisation, have certain shortcomings. The
      existence of 16 known serotypes of bluetongue virus makes it difficult to achieve
      a very wide spectrum of immunity in sheep vaccinated once or twice only. The
      problems which are experienced with the immunisation of lambs born in spring are
      indicated. The present vaccine can also present problems when used in breeding
      animals. Furthermore, the costs involved in the annual vaccination of large
      numbers of animals are considerable. The need for a vaccine for cattle is
      indicated. Work is also being conducted at present on the development of an
      inactivated vaccine for use in sheep. The use of novel virological techniques may
      aid in the future development of absolutely safe and highly efficient vaccines
      against bluetongue.

PMID- 169793
TI  - Epizootiology of bluetongue: the situation in the United States of America.
AB  - Bluetongue was first reported in the United States in 1948 in sheep in Texas. The
      virus has now been isolated from sheep in 19 States. When the disease first
      occurs in a flock, the morbidity may reach 50 to 75% and mortality 20 to 50%. In
      subsequent years, the morbidity may be only 1 to 2% with very few deaths.
      Difference in breed susceptibility has not been observed. Natural bluetongue
      infection has not been observed in Angora or dairy goats. Bluetongue virus was
      first isolated from cattle, in Oregon, in 1959. The virus has now been isolated
      from cattle in 13 States. In cattle, the disease is usually inapparent but can
      cause mild to severe clinical disease and neonatal losses. Natural clinical
      bluetongue has also been reported in bighorn sheep, exotic ruminants in a zoo,
      mule deer, and white-tailed deer. Serological evidence of exposure to the virus
      has also been found in other species of ruminants in the wild. Inoculation of
      virulent bluetongue virus, vaccine virus, or natural disease can cause congenital
      deformities and neonatal losses in calves, lambs, and white-tailed deer fawns.
      Culicoides is considered the important insect vector of bluetongue. The virus has
      also been isolated from sheep keds and cattle lice. U.S. field strains of the
      virus fit into four serologic groups. No cross reactions were found between
      bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer viruses. Cattle are
      considered significant virus reservoirs. It is necessary to use washed
      erythrocytes, rather than whole blood, and to inoculate susceptible sheep, rather
      than embryonated chicken eggs, to detect longer-term viraemia in cattle.

PMID- 169795
TI  - Certification of ruminants, semen, and ova for freedom from bluetongue virus.

PMID- 169796
TI  - Bluetongue certification -- Australian policy.
AB  - Australian quarantine policies with respect to BT are based on regarding this
      disease as one of high risk and major potential economic importance to our
      ruminant population. There are deficiencies in our knowledge of world
      distribution, epidemiology and pathogenesis. There may be unknown vectors and
      unsuspected animal reservoir hosts. The international distribution of BT could be
      extending through the movements of insects or cattle. If introduced into
      Australia, the cattle and sheep populations would probably be at continuous risk
      as eradication would be difficult or impossible. Costs to the sheep industry at
      least could be high and productivity gravely affected. To reduce the probability
      of introduction, imports of ruminants and semen have, for the last 16 years, been
      restricted to a very small number of countries presumed free from BT. Future
      policies will almost certainly be based on these same considerations taking into
      account scientific advances in diagnosis and virus detection. The establishment
      of an off-shore high security quarantine station will facilitate imports of
      ruminants even from known BT-infected countries.

PMID- 169797
TI  - Potential vectors of bluetongue in Australia.

PMID- 169798
TI  - Control of bluetongue in an epizootic situation: Australian plans.
AB  - Epizootics of BT outside Africa have occurred in the Middle East, Indian
      subcontinent, Spain and Portugal, and the United States of America. The disease
      has only been eradicated from a major region once, this being Spain and Portugal
      in 1956-60 when it was achieved by quarantine, compulsory vaccination and
      slaughter of some infected animals. Because of the serious economic effect that
      BT would have on the Australian sheep industry the policy in this country is to
      attempt eradication, if at all feasible. The prospects of eradication will be
      greatly enhanced if the disease can be diagnosed quickly, when the outbreak is
      still localised. The laboratory diagnosis of BT involves inoculation of blood
      samples, collected from febrile animals on the suspect property, into groups of
      susceptible sheep in insect-proof quarters. The diagnosis would be confirmed at
      the reference laboratory in South Africa by serological and other identity tests.
      The diagnosis of an outbreak that originated in the northern cattle areas might
      be very difficult, because of the probable mild clinical nature of the disease in
      cattle. It is suggested that sentinel sheep flocks be maintained in these areas
      in strategic places near likely points of entry. Control measures, based on
      current knowledge of the epizootiology and pathogenesis of bluetongue; are
      discussed. The disease is transmitted by Culicoides that ingest infected blood
      from viraemic ruminants. Control is based on reducing the number of viraemic
      ruminants in the infected area, reducing the population density of Culicoides,
      and reducing the availability of susceptible ruminants. It is vital to prevent
      the movement of potentially infected ruminants to new localities. Contingent
      plans for the eradication of an epizootic of BT in Australia have been prepared.
      These call for the creation of two control zones. In the inner infected area,
      which extends for about five miles around known infected farms, there would be an
      intensive disinsection programme with aerial and ground spraying. Ruminants in
      the infected area would probably be slaughtered. The quarantine zone would extend
      for another 50 miles and in this area there would be prohibition of the movement
      of ruminants from farms. Regular clinical inspections and serological surveys
      would be carried out to detect secondary outbreaks. If control measures failed,
      it might be necessary to mount urgently a massive vaccination campaign to prevent
      disastrous losses to the Australian sheep industry. The difficulties in obtaining
      sufficient quantities of monovalent vaccine from overseas at short notice are
      discussed. Plans have been made to produce BT vaccine in Australia, in a
      specially designed high security laboratory, should the need arise.

PMID- 169799
TI  - Eradication of subgroups A and B lymphoid leukosis virus from commercial poultry
      breeding flocks.
AB  - A specific-pathogen-free pedigreed breeding population of White Leghorns was
      determined to be free of lymphoid leukosis subgroups (LL-A and LL-B) on the basis
      of the standard resistance-inducing factor (RIF) test of sera of individual
      birds. The fourth pedigreed generation (G-4) was the first to test free of
      viruses of both sub-groups. In three subsequent pedigreed generations (G-5
      through G-7) no viremic birds were found. The RIF test of sera was also used to
      detect carriers infected with LL-A and LL-B in sample populations of commercial
      broiler, brown-egg layer, and other White Leghorn breeding lines. When only known
      nonviremic dams were used for reproduction, in only one instance were viremic
      birds detected in samples of their progeny in succeeding generations. Some
      implications for a virus-free breeding program are discussed.

PMID- 169800
TI  - Morphological changes of chicken tracheas and tracheal organ cultures infected
      with avian infectious bronchitis virus studied in scanning electron microscope.
AB  - Chicken tracheas infected in vitro in organ culture and in vivo with avian
      infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were studied by scanning electron microscopy.
      In in vitro infection in organ culture the columnar epithelial cells lining the
      tracheal ring lost their cilia and rounded up in 48 hr. There were numerous
      elevations and holes on the infected cell surface. Subsequently the cells
      sloughed off. In in vivo infection the tracheal epithelial cells lost their cilia
      in 4 days. These cells without cilia appeared bulging, and the surfaces were
      covered with microvillus-like structures. Subsequently a pseudomembrane was
      present in most areas. In 10 days postinfection the cilia started regenerating,
      and in 12 days postinfection there was complete regeneration of cells and cilia,
      giving a normal appearance to the trachea.

PMID- 169801
TI  - Rous sarcoma regression in chickens resistant or susceptible to Marek's disease.
AB  - In 4 experiments, strains of chickens relatively susceptible (S-strain, P-line)
      or resistant (N-line, PDRC) to Marek's disease (MD) were challenged with Rous
      sarcoma virus (RSV) at 6-8 weeks old. RSV tumors occurred in 94-100% of the birds
      in each strain, but the number with tumors that regressed during the 40-46-day
      experiment varied from 7% (S-strain) to 91% (PDRC). The N-line and P-line birds,
      derived from a random-bred flock with selection only for susceptibility or
      resistance to MD, regressed their tumors at about equal rates (respectively 59
      and 65%). Thus, although the genetic strains differed in ability to regress RSV
      tumors, the difference was not necessarily related to genetic resistance or
      susceptibility to MD. Other birds in 2 of the experiments, infected 2-4 weeks
      earlier with JM or GA isolants of MD virus, had significantly (P less than 0.01)
      lower incidence of RSV tumor regression than did controls provided that they
      developed gross lesions of MD.

PMID- 169802
TI  - Growth of Mycoplasma synoviae in a medium supplemented with nicotinamide instead
      of B-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
AB  - The cultivation of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) on growth medium requires
      supplementation with B-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an expensive and
      relatively unstable compound. Strains of MS were adapted (selected) to grow in a
      medium supplemented instead with nicotinamide, a stable and inexpensive substance
      that can be heat-sterilized in the medium without impairing its growth-promoting
      properties. MS plate agglutinating antigens grown in nicotinamide-enriched media
      were comparable in yield and serological reaction to antigens grown with NAD
      supplementation.

PMID- 169803
TI  - Avian encephalomyelitis virus in chicken pancreatic cell cultures.
AB  - Monolayer cell cultures consisting of epithelioid cells were made from pancreatic
      tissue of 10-to-13-day-old chicks. The maximum virus titer of the cell-culture
      fluid was obtained 8 days after inoculation with an embryo-adapted avian
      encephalomyelitis virus (AEV). Virus titers also increased in cell cultures
      inoculated with a chick-pancreas-passed AEV or a field isolant. Cell cultures
      inoculated with 3 strains of AEV maintained virus titers of 10(2.9)-10(3.7) 50%
      embryo-infective doses/ml for 15-20 days. In other cell cultures from pancreatic
      tissues of chicks preinfected orally with the chick-pancreas-passed AEV or the
      field isolant, the virus titers decreased for several days after cultivation and
      thereafter increased and persisted until at least the 25th or 30th day. Neither a
      cytopathic effect nor any inclusion body was observed in the cell cultures
      infected with AEV. No AEV-antigen-positive cell was detected by direct
      fluorescent-antibody technique.

PMID- 169804
TI  - Serotyping of avian infectious bronchitis viruses by the virus-neutralization
      test.
AB  - The antigenic relationships of 12 strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)
      were evaluated by a virus-neutralization procedure similar to that used in typing
      human rhinoviruses. Such a procedure consists of reciprocal neutralization tests
      performed by reacting 32-320 EID50 or plaque-forming units of virus with 20
      antibody units of antiserum. Eight serologic groups were identified by chicken
      embryo assay, and 4 by plaque-reduction (90%). In general, serologic groupings
      were not distinct but reflected numerous intergroup relationships. The
      contrasting results exhibited by indicator systems are viewed as differences in
      the accuracy of the methods employed. It is suggested that before an IBV
      classification scheme can be proposed, agreement must be reached on the most
      suitable indicator system, techniques must be standardized, and reference viruses
      and antisera distributed to several institutions for comparison testing. In
      addition, cross-protection studies are needed to determine the importance of IBV
      serotypes and/or variants on vaccine efficacy.

PMID- 169805
TI  - [Virological studies on insemination bulls in Hessia. 2; studies on antibodies
      against BVD and PI-3 virus].

PMID- 169806
TI  - [SOFAN, a DMSO-containing dermatologic agent in small-animal practice].

PMID- 169807
TI  - Presence of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
      biopsies and their derived cultures.

PMID- 169808
TI  - Transformation of cultured rat liver cells by murine sarcoma viruses.
AB  - Cultured liver cells (TRL-2 cells), originating from a BD-6 rat, an inbred black
      rat strain, and possessing several marker enzymes, and characteristic
      ultrastructures of hepatic cells, were infected with murine sarcoma viruses (MSV:
      Kirsten and Gazdar strains). On day 5-6 after virus inoculation, the monolayered
      epithelial cells focally began to pile up forming small polypoid projections, and
      on day 7 round-shaped cells were released from the polypoid foci. These cells
      first grew in a chain or as an islet of cells, but at confluent stage, they grew
      in suspension with some epithelioid cells attaching to the bottom of the flasks.
      Virus titer and focus count gave a one-hit dose response. However, 100 to 1,000
      times higher titer of MSV was necessary to transform TRL-2 cells than to
      transform syngeneic fibroblasts, which suggested a higher repression of MSV in
      the epithelial cells. Those transformed TRL-2 cells showed only murine group
      specific virual antigens. One of the minimal MSV-producing, MSV-transformed TRL-2
      lines was subcutaneously transplanted into weanling BD-6 rats, producing
      progressively growing tumors with possible histology of hepatocellular carcinoma.

PMID- 169809
TI  - In vitro transformation: interaction of chemicals, viruses, and irradiation.

PMID- 169810
TI  - Integration of SV40 DNA into host cell DNA as a possible trigger for in vitro
      transformation.

PMID- 169811
TI  - T-lymphocyte cell lines derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
AB  - Several lymphoid cell lines with thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T-cell)
      characteristics have been established from 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia (ALL). These cell lines are considered to be leukemic T-cells on the
      basis of their abnormal chromosome constitution, growth in heterologous animals,
      ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells and the absence of
      immunoglobulin production, and destruction by antithymus cell sera. Sera from
      patients with leukemia did not react with these cultured cells but there was a
      strong reaction with infectious mononucleosis sera despite the fact that the
      cultured leukemia T-cells had no detectable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nor its
      genome.

PMID- 169812
TI  - Biochemical and immunologic characterization of an oncornavirus glycoprotein.
AB  - Studies were carried out on an oncogenic C-type virus, Scripps leukemia virus
      (SLV), produced by a lymphoblastoid cell line (SCRF 60A) from a New Zealand Black
      (NZB) mouse. A 70,000 dalton glycoprotein on the virion surface constitutes about
      10% of the virion amino acids and about 50% of the glucosamine. The protein can
      be isolated from surface iodinated SCRF 60A cells as well as from a line of
      nonproducer cells. This protein reacts with sera which neutralize Moloney,
      Kirsten, Rauscher, AKR, and, of course, Scripps viruses. These data suggest that
      this is the principal antigen detected by immunofluorescence on the surface of
      cells infected with murine leukemia virus (MuLV) and that this antigen may be
      involved in virus neutralization.

PMID- 169813
TI  - Spontaneous Herpesvirus saimiri lymphoma in owl monkeys.
AB  - Three examples of spontaneous malignant lymphoma were observed in owl monkeys 23,
      81, and 183 days after arrival in our laboratories. The pathological features of
      the disease were analogous to experimentally induced Herpesvirus saimiri
      lymphoma. H. saimiri was recovered from 2 animals (it was not attempted from one
      case) and one isolate was shown to reproduce characteristic H. saimiri malignant
      lymphoma. Each monkey originated in Peru in contrast to our usual source of owl
      monkeys which originate in Barranquilla, Colombia. Samples collected from owl
      monkeys in Peru did not reveal antibodies to H. saimiri nor were virus isolated
      from cocultured leukocytes. Squirrel monkeys in the same geographical location
      all carried H. saimiri. The observations indicate that H. saimiri lymphoma can
      occur as a spontaneous disease and that the virus can cross the same taxonomic
      lines in nature as in the laboratory.

PMID- 169814
TI  - Experiments to vaccinate marmoset monkeys against malignant lymphoma.
AB  - Humoral antibodies can be induced in cotton topped (CT) marmosets with killed
      Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) vaccines. The serum antibodies delayed, but did not
      prevent, malignant lymphoma in actively and passively immunized monkeys after
      inoculation with 10(3.8)TCID50 of cell-free HVS. Experiments are in progress to
      determine whether the vaccines are able to protect against smaller challenge
      dosages of HVS. The immunized monkeys were not resistant against transplantation
      of tumor cells. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Marek's disease virus
      (MDV) did not protect against the tumors caused by superinfection with HVS.
      Attenuation of HVS was not achieved by passaging the HVS genome through different
      monkey species.

PMID- 169815
TI  - Comparisons of surface markers on Herpesvirus-associated lymphoid cells of
      nonhuman primates and established human lymphoid cell lines.
AB  - Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS)-owl monkey lymphoid cells were found to have high
      levels of surface receptor for sheep erythrocytes and erythrocytes of 3 other
      species. These HVS-lymphoid cells lacked a receptor for modified complement.
      Lymphoid cells of one HVS-owl monkey line showed evidence for the presence of
      surface immunofluorescent staining with anti-kappa chain serum. Cells of an
      established HVS-marmoset lymphoid line had similar surface markers. Of 4
      established human lymphoid cell lines, all lacked a receptor for sheep
      erythrocytes, 3 showed evidence for the presence of receptor for modified
      complement, and 3 showed immunofluorescent evidence for the presence on the
      surface of both heavy and light chain immunoglobulin. Preliminary data on an
      established Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-owl monkey lymphoid cell line indicated a
      lack of receptor for sheep erythrocytes, presence of receptor for modified
      complement, and surface immunofluorescent staining with both anti-heavy and anti
      light chain sera.

PMID- 169816
TI  - EB virus: malignant lymphoma in cottontop marmosets following inoculation and
      recovery of the virus from cells of an experimental tumor maintained in organ
      culture.
AB  - The oncogenic potential of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was investigated in cottontop
      marmosets. Neoplasia resembling human malignant lymphomas, reticulum cell sarcoma
      type, occurred following inoculation of materials containing EBV. One of 4
      monkeys that received autologous cells transformed in vitro by EBV developed
      lymphoma in mesenteric lymph nodes seven and one-half months after inoculation.
      Three of 4 marmosets inoculated with cell-free EBV developed lymphoma. The latent
      period for given with EBV accelerated the course of disease. Nevertheless
      malignant lymphoma occurred in an animal given only cell-free virus. Six of 8
      marmosets inoculated with EBV demonstrated antibodies to the virus. Four
      marmosets not exposed to the virus, of which 2 received immunosuppressive drugs,
      have not developed tumors, nor EBV antibodies. EBV antigen detectable by
      immunofluorescences has been found in 2% of cells shed from one tumor maintained
      in organ culture. These results imply that EBV is capable of inducing malignant
      lymphoma in at least one primate species. Additional experimental evidence is
      required, however, before its oncogenic capacity in this host can be accepted
      without reservation.

PMID- 169817
TI  - A comparative study on the presence of C-type viral particles in placentas from
      primates and other animals.
AB  - C-type particles are found in human, baboon, marmoset, rhesus, patas, and
      cynomolgus monkeys. A cebus monkey and two chimpanzee placentas have failed thus
      far to show the presence of these particles. Of the nonprimate tissues examined
      one mouse and one guinea pig placenta were positive whereas a rabbit placenta was
      negative. Variations in number of particles present in tissues as well as number
      of animals of a given species containing particles are noted. The isolation of
      foamyviruses from placenta cultures makes critical evaluation and interpretation
      of findings imperative. Several considerations suggest that the presence of
      foamyviruses is coincidental.

PMID- 169818
TI  - Human amnion and lung tissue culture systems for possible detection and study of
      human RNA tumor viruses.
AB  - A human lung and an amnion cell line were identified as highly susceptible to
      transformation by the rhabdomyosarcoma-114 (RD-114) virus pseudotype of murine
      sarcoma virus (MSV). MSV transformation on these two cell lines demonstrated a)
      "one-hit" kinetics with an MSV stock which contained a 100-fold excess of MSV
      over its detectable associate RD-114 helper virus and b) only a slight increase
      (2X) in focus-forming titers by the addition of optimal concentrations of RD-114
      helper virus. These findings indicated that the primary MSV interaction with
      those amnion and lung cells was that of non-productive transformation; and this
      was confirmed by the isolation of sarcoma-positive leukemia (helper) virus
      negative (S+Lminus) cells from cloned terminal foci of MSV transformed human
      amnion and lung cells. These MSV-susceptible human cell lines are the first human
      cells identified as capable of demonstrating the defective nature of MSV. Human
      candidate oncornaviruses have not, however, been detected to date with the use of
      normal lung and amnion cells and their S+Lminus derivatives as indicator systems.
      These cell lines were useful for the isolation and identification of a new RD-114
      like virus from a cat cell line.

PMID- 169819
TI  - Complement-fixation-inhibition as a test for antibodies in cats and humans to C
      type RNA tumor virus antigen.
AB  - The complement-fixation-inhibition (CFI) test was evaluated as a means of
      detecting humoral antibodies in cat sera and in human sera to mammalian C-type
      RNA virus interspecies antigen(s). CFI antibody titers of greater than or equal
      1:2 were detected in sera from all tumor bearing (23) and normal cats (23),
      however, sera from most germ free cats were negative. When the same cat sera were
      tested for blocking antibody by the paired radioiodine labeled antibody technique
      the correlation between the radioimmune assay and CFI tests was 85%. Sera from
      378 cancer patients and 193 normal people were tested for antibodies to the
      mammalian oncornavirus interspecies-specific antigen in the CFI test. This test
      used a rabbit antiserum prepared toward a purified feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
      interspecies antigen. Disrupted Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) was used as
      source of interspecies antigen in the CFI test. A significantly (P=0.01) higher
      number of reactions occurred with sera from patients with lymphosarcoma (70.4%),
      osteosarcoma (41.0%), reticulum cell sarcoma (56.7%), and rhabdomyosarcoma
      (31.8%) as opposed to sera from normal individuals (6.2%). Of 51 sera from
      patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia 23.5% (P=0.05) were reactive. Of the
      sera from 88 breast cancer patients 22.7% reacted, as opposed to 7.8% of 116
      normal females and 13.9% of 43 patients with benign breast disease. CFI antibody
      titers were shown to be dependent on RLV antigen concentration. Absorption with
      human A and B red blood cell (RBC) and Forssman antigen did not reduce the CFI
      titers in human sera whereas absorption with RLV reduced them significantly. By
      indirect radioimmunoelectrophoresis the antibody in selected human sera was shown
      to be an IgG.

PMID- 169820
TI  - Immune response of healthy and leukemic cats to the feline oncornavirus
      associated cell membrane antigen.
AB  - Feline leukemia is an infectious disease caused by a horizontally transmitted
      virus. Infection of animals or cultured cells with feline oncornaviruses results
      in the expression of a specific cell membrane antigen, feline oncornavirus
      associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA). The humoral antibody response to FOCMA
      is directly correlated with tumor progression. The measurement of this antibody
      is a useful tool for determining virus exposure. Using this procedure it was
      determined that cats living in leukemia "cluster" households as well as cats used
      as contact controls in virus injection experiments have a risk of infection of
      90% or higher.

PMID- 169821
TI  - In vitro host range of feline leukemia virus.

PMID- 169822
TI  - Cell surface antigens of type C RNA viruses as markers for detection of viruses.

PMID- 169823
TI  - Quantitative and qualitative differences in DNA complementary to avian
      myeloblastosis virus between normal and leukemic chicken cells.
AB  - Hybridization of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) RNA with DNA immobilized on
      filters or in liquid with a vast DNA excess was used to measure the viral
      specific DNA sequences in chicken cells. Newly synthesized viral DNA (v-DNA)
      appears within an hour after infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) with
      avian oncornaviruses. A fraction of newly synthesized v-DNA becomes integrated
      into the cellular genome and the remainder gradually disappears. A covalent
      linkage between v-DNA and cellular DNA was demonstrated to exist in CEF and in
      leukemic myeloblasts by alkaline sucrose velocity sedimentation. Hybridization of
      AMV RNA in DNA excess has revealed that there are 2 clases of viral specific
      sequences within normal as well as in leukemic cells. The 2 types of sequences
      differ in their rate of hybridization. The amount of both types of DNA sequences
      is about 2 times higher in leukemic cells than in normal cells. Both the fast-
      and slowly reacting sequences in leukemic cells exhibit a higher Tm (2 degrees C)
      than the respective DNA sequences in normal cells. Furthermore, when nucleotide
      sequences in AMV RNA complementary to normal DNA are removed first by exhaustive
      hybridization with normal DNA, the residual RNA only hybridizes with leukemic DNA
      but not with normal DNA. These results suggest that leukemic cells contain viral
      specific DNA sequences which are absent in normal cells. Endogenous v-DNA has
      been shown to be integrated in cellular DNA region(s) with a reiteration
      frequency of approximately 1,200 copies per cell and each integration unit
      appears to have a size approximately equivalent to the 35S RNA subunit of the
      viral genome. Viral sequences acquired after infection appear to be integrated in
      the unique region of cell DNA, or in tandem with the endogenous viral sequences.

PMID- 169824
TI  - Control of reversion of Moloney virus sarcoma virus transformed cells.
AB  - Mouse cells transformed by the Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV) native to the
      species can give rise to revertants which are supersusceptible to a second cycle
      of transformation. The MSV retransformed cells can give rise to several complex
      functional states even after several cycles of cloning: a) Formation of sarcoma
      positive, leukemia negative (S+Lminus) type cells of which some sublines may be
      inducible for MSV by halogenated pyrimidines; b) detection of initially
      SminusLminus cells which spontaneously become transformed and S+Lminus; c) the
      derivation of flat murine leukemia virus positive (MuLV+) cells which have an
      atypical MuLV and may become MSV+ as well as MuLV+; d) the release of free MSV
      from some cell clones with an apparent absence of MuLV. A general feature of all
      the above variants is a failure of detection of spontaneous reversion occurring
      after the second cycle of transformation. The nature of MuLV spontaneously
      released is that of a poorly replicating MuLV which exhibits cross-interference
      with other MuLV pseudotypes of MSV and the envelope which is most similar to that
      of Moloney leukemia virus (MLV). The examination for spontaneous reversion in
      human S+Lminus cells transformed by the same type of genome capable of good
      frequency of reversion in mouse cells, did not yield human revertant cells.

PMID- 169825
TI  - Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in human tumors.
AB  - The presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in biopsies of human tumors was
      tested by complementary RNA (cRNA) hybridization on membranes and DNA-DNA
      reassociation kinetics. DNA-DNA reassociation kinetics can detect as few as 1 EBV
      genome in every 50 cells, and the cRNA method can detect EBV genomes if 2 or more
      are present in a cell. Twenty-three out of 24 African Burkitt's lymphoma
      biopsies, 18 out of 23 African nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC), and 8 out of 24
      other African tumors were positive for EBV DNA. Three cases of American Burkitt's
      lymphoma were tested by the cRNA method, and EBV DNA was not detected. Three out
      of 25 American tumors other than American Burkitt's lymphoma contained 0.1 to 0.3
      genomes per cell of EBV DNA.

PMID- 169826
TI  - Dual persistence of Epstein-Barr viral and type-C viral genomes in nonproducer
      human lymphoblastoid cells.

PMID- 169827
TI  - Suppression of production of Epstein-Barr virus in P3HR-1 cell line by bovine
      serum.

PMID- 169828
TI  - Continuous cell culture from lymphoma of Marek's disease.

PMID- 169829
TI  - In vivo interactions between murine leukemia and sarcoma viruses.
AB  - Experiments have been performed with the aim of elucidating the nature and the
      extent of the in vivo interactions between murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) and
      murine sarcoma virus (MSV). BALB/c and CBA mice, injected neonatally with Graffi
      or passage A Gross viruses (MuLV-Gi, MuLV-G), have been inoculated as young
      adults with murine sarcoma virus, Moloney strain (MSV-M). A higher percentage of
      nonregressing sarcomas appeared in these animals, sometimes accompanied
      simultaneously by leukemia. The immune reactivity of mice receiving MuLV-Gi at
      birth was found to be significantly depressed when evaluated by the hemolytic
      palque-forming cell (PFC) technique. However, in mice infected with MuLV-Gi and
      MSV-M the number of PFC ranged within the control values or slightly increased.
      The potentiation of MSV-M oncogenicity following infection with MuLV was studied
      in a more natural situation. Adult AKR mice, known to release endogenous MuLV
      continuously, were injected with MSV-M. The incidence of induced sarcomas was
      similar to that observed in control BALB/c mice inoculated with MSV-M. Moreover,
      tumors developed with a very long latent period. On the other hand, the great
      majority of tumors showed no regression and ultimately killed the host.
      Additional experiments, making use of immunologic manipulation of the host and Fl
      hybrids, suggest that the relative resistance to MSV-M oncogenesis in AKR mice is
      influenced by genetic and immunologic factors. MSV recovered from MSV-M-induced
      tumors in AKR and C58 mice was typed by highly specific mouse antisera. The
      results clearly showed that formation of a new MSV pseudotype occurred in vivo,
      the endogenous Gross virus acting as helper.

PMID- 169830
TI  - Hexose transport in sarcoma virus transformed cells.
AB  - Avian and mammalian fibroblast cultures transformed by type C sarcoma viruses
      show a dramatic enhancement of the rate of hexose transport at the beginning of
      transformation which is quantitatively and qualitatively different from that seen
      by variation in culture conditions of nontransformed control cells. The
      identification of this change as being a transport alteration independent of
      total glucose metabolism has been shown by use of nonmetabolizable analogues, 2
      deoxyglucose, 3-O-methylglucose, and L-glucose. Increased transport rates were
      not dependent on levels of hexokinase activity. Transport studies of 3-O
      methylglucose confirmed these conclusions and further revealed an additional
      altered nature of hexose transport after transformation by sarcoma virus. 3-O
      methylglucose was not only transported more rapidly in the transformed cells than
      in the parental nontransformed cells, but the sugar "infiltrated" into the
      transformed cells despite the inhibitory effect of cytochalasin B. This was not
      seen with control cells. The sarcoma cells were also able to transport L-glucose
      in contrast to lack of uptake by nontransformed cells. Under conditions in which
      cell toxicity was not a factor, 2-deoxyglucose and several other sugars present
      in culture media inhibited transformation by sarcoma viruses. These same sugars
      reduced the incidence of sarcomas produced by virus in vivo when administered
      daily to test animals. The transport changes also correlate well with the
      transformed state as found by other laboratories using temperature-sensitive
      mutants and revertant cell lines. Collectively these data suggest that
      manipulation of transport systems may prove useful for control of certain
      malignancies.

PMID- 169831
TI  - Biochemical properties of wild mouse oncornaviruses with lymphomagenic and
      neurotropic activities.
AB  - The close immunologic relation between the group-specific and polymerase proteins
      of the wild mouse derived and the established strains of mouse type C
      oncornaviruses, and the lack of any unusual structural polypeptide or RNA
      components in the wild mouse virions, eliminate the possibility of detectable
      contamination by a class of virus different from the mouse oncornavirus class in
      the wild mouse virus preparations. Liquid hybridization studies with a wild mouse
      viral 70S 3H-RNA and cellular DNA under conditions of DNA excess, suggest that a
      significant fraction but not all of the virus-specific nucleotide sequences is
      present in all normal and tumored wild mouse tissues tested. These virus related
      sequences may possibly be attributed to a hypothetical endogenous inherited type
      C virus genome(s) carried by all wild mice or to an infection by one or more but
      not all of the different exogenous strains of wild mouse type C viruses which
      could possibly be present in the virus preparation used. The findings are
      consistent with wild mouse derived type C viruses being either entirely exogenous
      or a mixture of endogenous and exogenous viruses. This interpretation is also
      consistent with the earlier observation that certain wild mouse type C viruses
      are exogenously transmitted, transplacentally, and via milk. The possible
      relation of the virus heterogeneity or the distinct characteristics of the virus
      surface molecules to the diverse pathogenicity of the wild mouse oncornaviruses
      is discussed.

PMID- 169832
TI  - Immunological control of virus-induced tumors in primates.
AB  - Cells infected by oncogenic viruses may transform, may develop a latent carrier
      state, or may be destroyed but understanding of the control of the results of
      infection is incomplete. Even if cells transform, ultimate development of a tumor
      may be immunologically controlled. For example, cells of some marmoset species
      transform after infection with RNA tumor viruses, and animals react to the
      transformed cells with cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Both virus
      specific and cross-reacting cell membrane antigens have been demonstrated. Immune
      deficiency accelerates tumor growth or causes recurrence of a regressing tumor.
      In contrast certain simian herpesvirus (Herpesvirus saimiri, HVS and Herpesvirus
      ateles, HVA), which cause no or minor disease in their natural hosts, induce
      lymphomas or lymphoblastic leukemias in other primate species. The immune
      response of the natural host species to HVS is greater than that of animals
      developing malignancies after experimental infection. HVS and HVA share many
      properties with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) of man, including antigens appearing
      early and late during infection and their related antibody responses but no
      evidence exists that they induce malignancies in their natural hosts. However, if
      induction is as infrequent as that with EBV and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), we have
      not observed sufficient numbers of squirrel or spider monkeys to have seen a BL
      like tumor. Interference with the immune systems of animals carrying HVS or HVA
      may induce tumor development, and clarify our understanding of the relationships
      between EBV and BL.

PMID- 169833
TI  - Genetics of endogenous mouse C-type viruses.

PMID- 169834
TI  - Horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus in cats.
AB  - Traditionally, cancer has not been considered an infectious disease although some
      multiple cases of leukemia in man and cattle have been reported. The discovery
      that feline lymphosarcoma was associated with an RNA virus (feline leukemia
      virus(FeLV)) meant that infectious transmission of the disease was a possibility.
      The critical question was whether the predominant method of transmission from one
      animal to another was 'vertical' (via the gametes) or 'horizontal' (via contagion
      or infection). A number of epidemiological studies have shown that the chances of
      healthy cats contracting lymphosarcoma are greatly increased when a cat with the
      disease lives in close proximity. It does not matter whether the healthy cats are
      related to the sick animal or not. It has also been established that viremic
      normal cats have an approximately 900 times greater chance of developing leukemia
      than cats whose FeLV status is unknown. Infectious FeLV is present in the
      excretions and blood of viremic animals. In the natural environment, feline
      lymphosarcoma occurs in clusters. The results in pet cats have been supported by
      experiments with cat colonies under controlled conditions and prove that
      horizontal transmission of FeLV occurs. This does not mean that epigenetic
      (infection in utero or via the milk) or vertical transmission cannot also occur.
      It should be possible to break the cycle of horizontal transmission of the virus
      by vaccination and thus control FeLV-related diseases.

PMID- 169835
TI  - Cytocidal action of anticancer antigens: evaluation of the sensitivity of
      cultured animal and human cancer cells.
AB  - The cultured cell lines Yoshida ascites sarcoma, L-1210 mouse leukemia, OAT cell
      line derived from human lung cancer of the oat cell type, and P3HR-1 cell line
      derived from Burkitt's lymphoma have been used for the cell-killing kinetics
      study of anticancer agents and evaluation of the sensitivity of cells using the
      soft agar cloning assay method. It has been found that there are 2 types of
      actions: 1) Type I (cytocidal and concentration-dependent action). The dose
      survival curves of Type I agents fit the equation log S=log nminuskD (S,
      surviving fraction; D, concentration of agents; n and k are constant). The
      sensitivity of cells can be expressed by mean lethal dose 90% (MLD90=1/k). Four
      cell lines were compared on this basis, and some problems concerning the
      chemotherapy of human cancer are discussed. Alkylating agents and anticancer
      antibiotics belonged to this group.2) Type II (cytostatic and time-dependent
      action). The dose survival curves fit the Gompertz equation
      S=exp[(minusbeta/alpha)(1minus e-aD)] (beta, population reduction parameter;
      alpha, constant). The exposure survival curve is negative exponential, indicating
      that exposure time rather than concentration is the key fo effective cell killing
      of Type II agents. Difficulties in expression of sensitivity to Type II agents
      are discussed. Antimetabolites, Vinca alkaloids, and L-asparaginase belonged to
      this group. The cell-killing kinetics of anticancer agents and comparison of the
      sensitivity of cells may provide some indications not only of optimal dosage
      schedules but also of a new approach in screening systems for truly effective
      agents for human cancer.

PMID- 169836
TI  - Nonhuman primate models for lymphoma, leukemia, and other neoplasms.
AB  - Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) is an oncogenic virus for a variety of nonhuman
      primates. HVS does not produce overt disease upon inoculation in the natural host
      (squirrel monkey) but consistently induces neoplasms including lymphomas and
      lymphocytic leukemias in 4 other species of monkeys. Various drugs inhibit
      replication of HVS in vitro including cytosine arabinoside and adenine
      arabinoside. In addition, the lymphoma and leukemia induced in owl monkeys
      responds to vincristine and prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside,
      and human interferon. Of the various chemical carcinogens studied, the antitumor
      agent procarbazine induces neoplasms in a variety of species including monkeys.
      Thus far this compound has induced acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), lymphoma,
      and hemangiosarcomas in macaques. We have induced primary liver tumors in
      macaques with several nitrosamines and aflatoxin B1 and these tumors produce
      alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) which can be assayed for both diagnosis and therapy. Thus
      far, therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma has been most successful with surgical
      resection; and the tumor mass and serum AFP have been less responsive to single
      agent chemotherapy. These nonhuman primate models are useful for an understanding
      of the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the human disease.

PMID- 169837
TI  - Biohazards and simian viruses.
AB  - Nonhuman primates are extensively used in laboratories as experimental animals.
      It is necessary, however, to realize that their employment may be dangerous to
      man and other species of primates, if recognition of their flora and fauna,
      especially viral, is not considered and if appropriate controls are not followed.
      Several outbreaks have occurred, resulting in high mortality and morbidity of man
      and simian. A number of recommendations are provided which, if followed, will
      minimize the waste of time, money, and life.

PMID- 169838
TI  - In vitro transformation of cells from human neoplasms.
AB  - The possible involvement of RNA tumor virus genomes in human cell transformation
      was investigated. Forty-nine cell cultures from neoplastic, normal, or embryo
      tissues were examined for transformation, following inoculation of murine
      leukemia virus (MuLV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) grown in human cells, or bone
      marrow aspirates from leukemia patients. Five cultures exhibited transformation
      (1 after inoculation of MuLV grown in human cells; 4 after inoculation of human
      leukemic bone marrow), and 4 were established as cell lines. They were derived
      from giant cell tumor and fibrosarcomas. The established transformed cells formed
      colonies in soft agar, grew progressively in immunosuppressed mice, and carried
      antigens common to FeLV and MuLV. Although virus particles were not seen in these
      cultures, 68S RNA was detected in their media. Medium from nontransformed parent
      cultures also contained 68S RNA but in amounts about 15 times less than in
      transformed cultures. Transformed human cells passaged in mice produced both type
      C virus particles and 68S RNA. Antigens common to MuLV and FeLV were found in
      these particles. However, the results of biological and serological studies
      indicate their difference from conventional MuLV and FeLV. The relationship of
      this virus and 68S RNA found in transformed cultures remains to be determined.

PMID- 169839
TI  - Sarcomas induced in rats by feline RNA virus.

PMID- 169840
TI  - Niacin nucleotide synthesis and glycolytic activity in erythrocytes of patients
      suffering from pellagra.

PMID- 169841
TI  - Binding of cyclic nucleotides with soluble proteins increases in "differentiated"
      neuroblastoma cells in culture.

PMID- 169842
TI  - Phospholipid biosynthesis in lung lamellar bodies.

PMID- 169843
TI  - Cytochrome c turnover in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 169844
TI  - Solubilization of a parathyroid hormone receptor from bovine kidney cortex plasma
      membranes.

PMID- 169845
TI  - Cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity in crown-gall tumor formation.

PMID- 169847
TI  - The synthesis of herpes simplex virus proteins in the absence of virus DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 169846
TI  - Precocious development in vivo of UDP-glucuronyltransferase and aniline
      hydroxylase by corticosteroids and ACTH, using a simple new 'continuous flow'
      technique.

PMID- 169848
TI  - Effect of deoxyribonuclease I on the number and length of chains of poly(ADP
      ribose) synthesized, in vitro.

PMID- 169849
TI  - Control of ornithine decarboxylase activity by cyclic nucleotides in the
      phytohemagglutinin induced lymphocyte transformation.

PMID- 169850
TI  - Separation of two active forms (holo-a and holo-b) of pigeon liver fatty acid
      synthetase and their interconversion by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.

PMID- 169851
TI  - Lipoprotein geometry. I. Spatial relationships of human HDL apoproteins studied
      with a bifunctional reagent.

PMID- 169852
TI  - Sequence of the cysteine peptide from the copper-subunit of bovine cardiac
      cytochrome oxidase.

PMID- 169853
TI  - The binding of adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate by messenger ribonucleoprotein-like
      particles.

PMID- 169854
TI  - [Liver damage caused by laxatives. A contribution to the hepatotoxicity of 4,4'
      (2-quinolylmethylene)-diphenol-hydrochloride].
AB  - A female patient developed a recurrent hepatitis-like liver damage after
      ingestion of a laxative containing 4,4'-(2-quinolyl-methylene)-diphenol
      hydrochloride. After cessation of the drug the clinical picture improved. The
      hyperbilirubinemia decreased and the definitely elevated GOT, GPT, alkaline
      phosphatase and gamma-GTP became normal. Histologically hepato-cellular damage
      was seen with intra-hepatic cholestasis. As a cause for these symptoms,
      resembling those after taking oxyphenisatin-containing preparations,
      immunological procedures were thought responsible, such as "unpredictable hepatic
      drug reactions".

PMID- 169855
TI  - Production of species-unspecific antiviral inhibitors in cell-cultures and in
      chicken embryos under the influence of pyrazolon derivatives.

PMID- 169856
TI  - Metabolism of D- and L-norgestrel in humans.
AB  - Levels of DL-norgestrel, D-norgestrel, L-norgestrel and norethisterone were
      measured in blood by radioimmunoassay after oral administration of the progestin
      to 3 healthy male subjects and the half-lives calculated. Half-lives for D
      norgestrel were much lower than those of L-norgestrel and similar to those of
      norethisterone. Measurement of norgestrel in blood can therefore be misleading
      unless the biologically active D-isomer is estimated. Since there was no
      difference in half-lives between norgestrel and norethisterone the greater
      potency of the former is probably due to it more strongly binding to target organ
      receptors.

PMID- 169857
TI  - Proceedings: General equation to determine blood flow by local clearance with
      inert gases.

PMID- 169858
TI  - Proceedings: Methodological aspects concerning the analysis of inert gas
      clearance curves and the validity of this method with regard to the
      interpretation of regional blood flow inhomogeneities.

PMID- 169859
TI  - Developments in the field of radioimmunoassay and related techniques.

PMID- 169860
TI  - Selected demographic characteristics and patterns of drug abuse among treated
      addicts from a suburban community.

PMID- 169861
TI  - Methanol extraction residue of BCG in the treatment of transplanted rat tumours.
AB  - Subcutaneous growth of immunogenic chemically induced rat sarcomata and a
      hepatoma was restricted when cells were injected into syngeneic animals in
      admixture with MER. Rats rejecting mixed inocula were immune to further challenge
      with the same tumour. Growth of a chemically induced mammary carcinoma which
      lacks detectable immunogenicity was suppressed when low cell inocula were
      injected in admixture with MER or intact BCG organisms, although animals were not
      immune to re-challenge. These studies indicate that clinically MER may be a
      suitable alternative to BCG for contact suppression of tumour growth or
      incorporation into tumour cell:adjuvant vaccines for active immunotherapy.

PMID- 169863
TI  - Proceedings: Immunization against Marek's disease using virus specific antigens
      free from infectious virus.

PMID- 169862
TI  - An electron microscopic study of tumour cell adhesiveness induced by aggregation
      promoting factor from rat ascites hepatoma cells.
AB  - A substance capable of inducing tumour cell aggregation, which is supposed to be
      a glycoprotein showing noncytotoxicity, was separated from rat ascites hepatoma
      cells and partially purified by chromatography. Adhesiveness of rat ascites
      hepatoma cells induced by this substance was characterized by gradual development
      of known binding structures during a period of 24 h after contact with the
      substance; simple apposition and intermediate junctions developed in the early
      stage, and desmosomes and focal tight junctions in the later stage. It was
      assumed that the substance might be involved in the development of such binding
      structures as a triggering mechanism of tumour cell adhesiveness.

PMID- 169864
TI  - Proceedings: Pancreatic islet cell and other tumours induced in rats by
      heliotrine- a mono-ester pyrrolizidine alkaloid; the effects of additional
      treatment with nicotinamide.

PMID- 169865
TI  - Inappropriate production of collagen and prolyl hydroxylase by human breast
      cancer cells in vivo.
AB  - Thirty-two scirrhous cancers of breast have been examined to determine the origin
      of the collagen stroma in these tumours. Employing two immunohistochemical
      techniques it has been shown that the malignant epithelial cells in 30 of these
      tumours contain not only collagen but also prolyl hydroxylase, a key enzyme in
      collagen biosynthesis. Neither this enzyme nor collagen was detectable in the
      spindle cells in the stroma of these tumours. Neither the epithelium in normal
      breast, that in fibrocystic disease and in fibroadenomata, nor the malignant
      epithelium in two medullary cancers of breast contained either collagen or prolyl
      hydroxylase. These results strongly suggest that the malignant epithelium of
      scirrhous breast cancers produces its own collagen stroma and that the scirrhous
      reaction in these tumours is not a host response to tumour invasion. The
      production of collagen and prolyl hydroxylase by breast cancer cells (of the
      scirrhous type) therefore represents another example of inappropriate protein
      production by a human tumour.

PMID- 169866
TI  - Electron spin resonance study of changes during the development of a mouse
      myeloid leukaemia. I. Paramagnetic metal ions.
AB  - The blood, spleen and liver of mice were examined by means of electron spin
      resonance (e.s.r.), throughout the course of myeloid leukaemia induced by
      intravenous injection of leukaemic spleen cells. In blood, marked increases in
      the concentrations of iron transferrin and ceruloplasmin occurred within the
      first 3 days after injection. In the spleen, changes in the concentrations of
      paramagnetic copper and iron complexes were detectable by about the 5th day,
      before any measurable splenic enlargement, whilst in the liver changes were
      detectable by about the 8th day. The changes occurring in blood, spleen and liver
      during the development of leukaemia appear to be related and they are discussed
      in terms of iron transport.

PMID- 169867
TI  - Loss of anti-tumour immunogenicity of a somatic cell hybrid line with increasing
      subculture.
AB  - Good immunoprotection was afforded by A9/SEWA somatic hybrid cells in the C3H
      mouse/C3H Py tumour system, confirming results previously obtained in the A.SW
      mouse/SEWA tumour system. However, in this study the immunogenicity decreased
      with increasing serial subculture of the hybrid line and concomitant chromosome
      loss.

PMID- 169868
TI  - Serum antibody responses to an ascitic variant of rat hepatoma D23.
AB  - Antibody was detected by membrane immunofluorescence tests in sera of rats
      bearing an ascitic variant of a transplanted hepatoma, and in concentrated cell
      free ascitic fluid. Ascites hepatoma cells were also shown to have
      immunoglobulin, possibly tumour specific antibody, bound to their surface. The
      kinetics of antibody responses to ascites hepatoma and hepatoma cells from solid
      tumours were compared: both tumour types gave positive reactions by the third day
      after implantation; antibody was present throughout subsequent tumour growth with
      the ascites whereas antibody was not detected after tumour became palpable in
      rats injected with hepatoma cells from solid tumour. Antibody responses to
      ascites tumour were investigated in rats bearing solid hepatoma tumour.
      Subcutaneous hepatoma did not influence the antibody response to ascites, but
      rats bearing intraperitoneal tumours showed a diminished serum antibody response
      to ascitic hepatoma.

PMID- 169869
TI  - Effects of 5-fluorouracil on the cell kinetic and growth parameters of hepatoma
      3924A.
AB  - The effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the growth and cellular proliferation of
      hepatoma 3924A was studied using the following parameters as indices of tumour
      response: (1) volume measurements, (2) cell kinetic analysis including estimates
      of both growth and cell loss fractions, (3) changes in tumour histology and (4)
      tumour DNA content and DNA synthesis. Of a series of single intraperitoneally
      injected doses (25-300 mg/kg body weight), 150 mg/kg interrupted tumour growth
      most effectively with minimal toxicity within 168 h, and after 10 days treated
      tumour volumes were only 42% of untreated tumour size. Doses of 25 mg/kg failed
      to change the rate of growth while 300 mg/kg exceeded the LD50. Alterations of
      both tumour cell proliferation and histology developed well in advance of changes
      observed in growth. A dose of 150 mg/kg body weight blocked the transition of
      cells from G1 through S for a 24 h interval when cell kinetics were measured by
      3H-TdR autoradiography. However, 3H-UdR incorporation into DNA following 5-FU
      suggested that cellular recovery from the drug was delayed for an additional 24
      h. Concurrently, significant losses of tumour tissue and tumour DNA occurred
      during the first 48 h with an expected increase in both necrotic and connective
      tissue. During the subsequent 120 h both tumour and necrotic tissue had returned
      to non-treated levels, while kinetic analysis revealed (a) a slight reduction in
      the cell cycle time and growth fraction and (b) an increased cell loss factor.
      The observations from this tumour model system suggest that before using tumour
      volume or weight as an index of therapeutic response, the relationship between
      the kinetics of tumour cellularity and tumour volume must be defined.

PMID- 169870
TI  - A new method for monitoring subclinical virus infections of the central nervous
      system in mice.
AB  - The course of a subclinical virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS)
      of mice has been followed by measuring spontaneous motor activity using Animex
      equipment. A significant drop in activity occurred on the 5th and 6th day after
      inoculation with the A774 (avirulent) strain of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) before
      histological changes were apparent but at the same time as maximum brain virus
      titre. The relationship of the fall in activity to changes in the pattern of
      weight gain, food and water intake was also investigated.

PMID- 169871
TI  - Morphological and virological investigations of cell strains cultured from the
      brain in Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
AB  - Cell strains were established in culture from fragments of the brain from 2 cases
      each of Jakob-Creutzfeldt (JC) disease and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
      (SSPE). After about 12 weeks strains from the former spontaneously formed
      persistent heaped up nodules of cells which appeared to produce reticulin-like
      fibrils as well as confluent sheets of rounded and spindle, fibroblast-like
      cells. Similar sheets of cells were obtained from the cases of SSPE but the only
      nodules formed were smaller and ephemeral. Attempts to detect virus in all 4
      strains were made by inoculation of supernatant fluids into cultures of other
      laboratory cells, haemadsorption, co-cultivation, electron microscopy and
      immunofluorescence, and testing for interferon production. No evidence was found
      by any of these methods of the persistent presence of virus in the strains.
      Immunofluorescence revealed a probable anti-glial cell IgM autoantibody in one
      case of JC disease. Morphologically some cells resembled astrocytes and others
      fibroblasts. Those from JC disease contained more vacuoles and redundant
      membranes than did those from the cases of SSPE, features that are particularly
      striking in brain cells in human and animal cases of the spongiform
      encephalopathies.

PMID- 169872
TI  - Hypersensitive and insensitive extremities. The dermatological aspects.
AB  - The importance of physically intact hands and feet is taken for granted and
      consequently not appreciated until they are functionally impaired by vascular or
      neural injury of disease. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of
      cutaneous lesions complicating hypersensitive and insensitive limbs are
      described. The current therapeutic approaches and measures for these conditions
      are presented. Protection and prophylaxis trauma for neurologically impaired
      parts are emphasized.

PMID- 169873
TI  - Intraendothelial tubular aggregates in experimental wounds.
AB  - Intraendothelial tubular aggregates were found in small dermal blood vessels in
      three healing superficial wounds in patients receiving systemic corticosteroids.
      Similar inclusions were also demonstrated in two wounds in healthy subjects, but
      were not found in normal (unwounded) skin of either healthy subjects or steroid
      treated patients. Tubular aggregates of similar structure have previously been
      described as occurring in 'connective tissue' or 'auto-immune' diseases,
      including lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis, both in the skin and in
      internal organs. Although it has been suggested that such aggregates are of viral
      origin, their morphogenesis and significance remain undertermined. Our findings
      do not support a viral cause, but suggest that these structures are probably a
      product of regenerating endothelium.

PMID- 169874
TI  - Generalized bullous and haemorrhagic lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Marked
      improvement with ACTH.
AB  - An unusual case of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is described, in which lesions
      were bullous and haemorrhagic and extended over almost the entire surface of the
      skin. A marked improvement followed treatment with ACTH.

PMID- 169875
TI  - Radiography in functional lacrimal testing.
AB  - A functional study of the lacrimal drainage apparatus was made in 25 patients.
      Angiographin was instilled into the conjunctival sac and serial radiographs were
      taken. The films were interpreted in conjunction with the intubation macro
      dacryocystograms. Although this is a useful procedure, the use of angiographin
      compares unfavourably with ultra-fluid Lipiodol in a similar procedure.

PMID- 169876
TI  - Homonymous hemianopia in multiple sclerosis. With report of bilateral case.
AB  - A patient with multiple sclerosis and bilateral retrochiasmal visual field
      defects is reported. Homonymous field defects are rare in multiple sclerosis
      despite the frequency of pathological involvement of the retrochiasmal visual
      pathways. A higher incidence might be found with a higher index of suspicion and
      careful visual field testing with qualitative confrontation technique. Other
      reasons for the infrequent clinical detection of retrochiasmal lesions are
      considered. Such lesions may exist without demonstrable defect. This may be
      explained by anatomical factors, for example, fibre arrangement, or physiological
      factors, such as, geniculate or retrogeniculate integration. Lesions producing
      demonstrable defects may be asymptomatic because they: affect only the peripheral
      field, are small scotomas that do not impair visual acuity, affect only one eye,
      or occur late in the course of disease when masked by optic nerve involvement.

PMID- 169877
TI  - Collagenase and other proteinases in the cornea of the retinol-deficient rat.
AB  - 1. Enzymes that may contribute to liquefaction of the cornea in retinol-deficient
      animals and in man have been studied using rat cornea. The established technique
      of culturing tissue fragments and determining the activity of collagenase (EC 3-4
      24-3) and other enzymes in the medium after different periods of culture was
      used. 2. A collagenolytic system was detected in the media from cultures of rat
      corneas. This system probably consists of at least two enzymes, a collagenase and
      a neutral proteinase. 3. Both proteolytic and specific collagenolytic activity
      were greater in media from retinol-deficient rat corneas. The hydroxyproline
      level increased in parallel with the increase in enzyme activity. 4. In the final
      stages of retinol deficiency the cornea is invaded by granulocytes and other
      cells of the blood and we suggest that destruction of cornea collagen may be due
      largely to the activity of the enzymes from these cells.

PMID- 169878
TI  - Conformational energy refinement of horse-heart ferricytochrome c.
AB  - The reported X-ray structure of horse-heart ferricytochrome c has been refined by
      conformational energy calculations, using a three-stage computational procedure.
      In stage I, the atomic positions are adjusted to conform to idealized bond
      lengths and bond angles characteristic of small amino acid derivatives, while yet
      remaining as close as possible to the X-ray coordinates. In stage II, atomic
      overlaps are eliminated by adjusting the backbone and side-chain dihedral angles
      to minimize the nonbonded energy, hydrogen-bonded energy, and rotational energy
      contributions. In the final stage of refinement, the electrostatic energy and a
      more accurate hydrogen-bonded energy treatment are considered, in addition to the
      energy contributions of stage II. A "fitting potential" of gradually decreasing
      strength is imposed in both stages II and III, in order to keep the computed
      structure as similar to the x-ray structure as is consistent with a low-energy
      conformation. The final computed structure of cytochrome c exhibits a very low
      conformational energy (-504 kcal/mol) and also closely resembles the X-ray
      structure (RMS deviation = 0.77 A for all atoms). However, a special treatment
      was required in order to alter the location of the phenyl ring of phenylalanine
      82. In contrast to the originally published X-ray structure, which shows the
      phenyl ring pointing away from the heme, the phenyl ring in the computed
      structure is tucked into the heme crevice, in a position similar to that observed
      in the reduced form of tuna cytochrome c, in the oxidized form of Rhodospirillum
      rubrum cytochrome c2, and also in the recently determined structure of oxidized
      tuna cytochrome c.

PMID- 169879
TI  - The influence of amino acid substitutions on the conformational energy of
      cytochrome c.
AB  - Conformational energies have been evaluated for each of the staggered side-chain
      conformations associated with the 261 amino acid substitutions known to occur
      among 60 eucaryotic species. At least 86% of these substitutions can be
      sterically accommodated (one at a time) within the structure of horse-heart
      cytochrome c resulting from conformational energy refinement. Simultaneous
      incorporation of all pertinent amino acid substitutions found in eight
      representative species into the refined horse-heart structure is also shown to be
      sterically possible, with few exceptions. In two cases (Pekin duck cytochrome
      with 10 substitutions and Samia cynthia cytochrome with 24 substitutions), all
      substitutions could be readily incorporated, and the total energies associated
      with their computed structures differed by less than 10 kcal/mol from that of
      horse-heart cytochrome c. In the cytochromes from rattlesnake (22 substitutions),
      tuna (18 substitutions), and Neurospora crassa (36 substitutions), tyrosine could
      not be substituted for phenylalanine at position 46, within the constraints of
      the calculations. However, when all of the remaining substitutions were
      incorporated into these three cytochromes, their computed conformational energies
      differed by less than 30 kcal/mol from that of horse-heart cytochrome c. Between
      two and four amino acid substitutions cause high energies in the cytochromes from
      human, baker's yeast, and cotton seed, but all of the remaining substitutions are
      consistent with a low energy conformation. These results suggest that the
      structures of homologous proteins may be even more similar than has previously
      been recognized. Substitutions of all possible amino acid types at the invariant
      positions (where all eucaryotic cytochromes c bear the same amino acid) have
      revealed some cases where different amino acids can be accommodated, thus
      demonstrating that the biological constraints on amino acid substitutions are
      often different from the purely steric constraints investigated in this work.

PMID- 169880
TI  - Cobalt-cytochrome c. I. Preparation, properties, and enzymic activity.
AB  - An improved procedure for the preparation of cobalt-cytochrome c has been
      developed. Various factors influencing the cobalt insertion process are
      discussed. The optical spectra of cobalt-cytochrome c suggest a six-coordinated
      species. The spectral shifts occurring with oxidation-reduction are compared with
      those observed for deoxy-cobaltohemoglobin and ferrocytochrome c and attributed
      to the effect of d(z2) electron on stereoelectronic interactions between the
      axial ligands and the porphyrin pi systems. Cobalt-cytochrome c has Em,7 = -140
      +/- 20 mV as compared to an Em,7 of +250mV for ferrocytochrome c. An explanation
      for this negative Em,7 is offered. Cobaltocytochrome c is oxidized by cytochrome
      oxidase at about 45% of the rate for native cytochrome c. On the other hand
      cobalticytochrome c was not reduced by microsomal NADH or NADPH cytochrome c
      reductase nor by mitochondrial NADH or succinate cytochrome c reductase. It
      appears that the integrity of the reductase binding site is destroyed and the
      oxidase binding site has been modified by cobalt substitution.

PMID- 169881
TI  - Controlled digestion with trypsin as a structural probe for the N-terminal
      peptide of soluble and membranous cytochrome c.
AB  - When purified bovine cytochrome c1 is digested with trypsin under controlled
      conditions, the heme polypeptide is preferentially converted from a species of
      molecular weight 30,600 to a heme polypeptide of molecular weight 29,000. The
      trypsin sensitive peptide bond is located in the N-terminal region of the
      cytochrome. Both the reduced and oxidized cytochrome are susceptible to
      hydrolysis by trypsin at the same locus, but the reduced cytochrome is cleaved at
      an initial rate approximately twofold greater than the oxidized cytochrome.
      Membranous cytochrome c1, as occurring in cytochrome b-c1 complex or succinate
      cytochrome c reductase complex, is not susceptible to trypsin proteolysis under
      similar conditions, nor after more extensive treatment of the membranes with
      trypsin, in spite of the fact that cytochrome c1 presumably comes into contact
      with cytochrome c at the membrane surface during electron transport. These
      findings are consistent with a model for the structure of cytochrome c1 in situ
      in which the cytochrome is an integral membrane protein, located primarily in the
      membrane continuum, while still having the heme-containing portion of the protein
      available at the membrane surface for electron transfer to cytochrome c.

PMID- 169882
TI  - The specificity of induced conformational changes. The case of yeast
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The specificity of induced conformational changes and of the probes used to
      detect them has been investigated in yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase. Cyanylation of the active-site SH groups in two of the four
      identical subunits of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase has no effect on
      reactivity of the unmodified SH groups toward the cyanylating reagent (2-nitro-5
      thiocyanogenzoic acid, NTCB) but results in total loss of catalytic activity.
      Cyanylation of the dicarboxamidomethylated enzyme was four orders of magnitude
      slower than with the unmodified enzyme in contrast to cyanylation of the
      dicyanylated enzyme. Cyanylation by NTCB as well as alkylation by iodoacetate and
      acylation with beta-(2-furyl)acryloyl phosphate are enhanced in the presence of
      NAD+ while alkylation by iodoacetamide is inhibited by NAD+. In the absence of
      NAD+, hydrolysis of the acylated enzyme is faster than phosphorolysis while the
      reverse is true in the presence of NAD+. NAD+ accelerates hydrolysis of the 3
      phosphoglyceroylated enzyme about 60-fold but decreases the rate of hydrolysis of
      the furylacryloylated enzyme by a factor of 17. Other examples of the specificity
      of the induced conformational changes and the probes are described. The
      conformational changes induced by NAD+ make the protein specifically reactive
      toward its physiological substrates and less reactive toward extraneous competing
      compounds.

PMID- 169883
TI  - Thermotropic lipid clustering in tetrahymena membranes.
AB  - The effect of temperature on the core structure of endoplasmic reticulum
      membranes has been visualized directly in cells of the poikilothermic eukaryote
      Tetrahymena pyriformis by freeze-etch electron microscopy. Moreover, the effect
      of temperature on the smooth microsomal membrane vesicles isolated from these
      cells, as well as on the extracted membrane lipids, has been examined by
      fluorescence probing, electron spin resonance, proton nuclear magnetic resonance,
      and calorimetry. Freeze-etch electron microscopy of T. pyriformis cells,
      equilibrated at different temperatures between 28 and 5 degrees, reveals the
      emergence of smooth areas on the fracture faces of endoplasmic reticulum
      membranes at temperatures below similar to 17 degrees. In this temperature range,
      we also find discontinuities in the glucose 6-phosphatase activity, in the
      fluorescence intensity of 8-anilino-1-naphthalensulfonate, in the partition of 4
      doxyldecane, and in the separation of the outer hyperfine extrema of 5
      doxylstearic acid in the microsomal membranes. These membranes apparently contain
      at least two lipid environments of different fluidity as indicated by the 12
      doxylstearic acid spin-label. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance of the extracted
      membrane lipids indicates an abrupt change of the fatty acid chain mobilities at
      temperatures below similar to 17 degrees. This, however, is not due to a true
      thermal liquid crystalline in equilibrium crystalline phase transition.
      Calorimetric measurements also support this conclusion. The thermotropic
      alterations observed within the membranes are interpreted to be due primarily to
      a clustering of "rigid" liquid crystalline lipid environments which exclude
      membrane-intercalating proteins.

PMID- 169884
TI  - A spin-label study on fusion of red blood cells induced by hemagglutinating virus
      of Japan.
AB  - Fusion of red blood cells (RBC) induced by hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)
      has been studied using a phosphatidylcholine spin label. The spin label was
      readily incorporated and diffused into the lipid bilayer portion of the viral
      envelope. The exchange broadening in the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum
      of densely labeled virus disappeared rapidly when the virus was mixed with RBC at
      37 degrees. The spectrum gradually approached that of the host cell spin labeled
      with the phosphatidylcholine label. The results directly indicate transfer and
      intermixing of phospholipid molecules between the viral envelope and RBC
      membrane. The transfer reaction was strongly dependent on temperature. No
      transfer was observed at lower temperatures where the virus adsorbed to the cell
      and caused aggregation but no hemolysis and fusion. The transfer rate remained
      negligibly small until 19 degrees and increased rapidly between 25 and 30
      degrees. The virus-induced hemolysis showed similar temperature dependence. The
      transfer rate was greatly reduced under inhibitory conditions of fusion:
      glutaraldehyde treatment of RBC, trypsin treatment of HVJ, or the presence of
      concanavalin A. Only slight transfer was observed from fusion-inactive influenza
      virus to RBC. The transfer was greatly enhanced by the help of HVJ. The close
      parallelism suggests that the transfer and intermixing are necessary steps to the
      cell fusion. The transfer rate was dependent on fluidity of the host cell
      membrane and independent of the viral dose. The virus-induced transfer of
      phospholipid molecules between RBC's was also detected by the spin label. Its
      temperature dependence was quite similar to that for the virus-to-cell transfer.
      The intercellular transfer was nearly proportional to the viral dose.

PMID- 169885
TI  - High molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone in the mouse pituitary
      and in a mouse pituitary tumor cell line.
AB  - Denaturing solvents have been used to determine the molecular weight of the
      adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) activity in mouse pituitary, in an ACTH
      secreting mouse pituitary tumor cell line (AtT-20/D-16v), and in the tissue
      culture medium from the pituitary tumor cells. ACTH activity was quantitated by
      radioimmunoassay and by bioassay. It is possible to utilize guanidine
      hydrochloride or sodium dodecyl sulfate in characterizing the multiple forms of
      ACTH because treatment of porcine ACTH (the 39 amino acid polypeptide form of
      ACTH, alpha(1-39)), pituitary extracts, tumor cell extracts, and tumor cell
      tissue culture medium with these denaturants does not diminish the immunological
      ACTH activity. Based on gel filtration in the presence of guanidine
      hydrocholoride, extracts of the pituitary tumor cells and the mouse pituitary
      contain three distinct molecular weight classes of ACTH activity. The major form
      of ACTH has a molecular weight similar to alpha(1-39) (molecular weight 4000
      5500), but there are significant amounts of two higher molecular weight forms of
      ACTH: molecular weight 6500-9000 and molecular weight 20,000-30,000. The 6500
      9000 molecular weight form of ACTH is the major form of ACTH in the tissue
      culture medium; there is no peak of alpha(1-39) size ACTH in the medium. In the
      radioimmunoasay all three forms of ACTH generate competitive binding curves
      parallel to that of porcine alpha(1-39); in the bioassay (stimulation of
      steroidogenesis in a mouse adrenal tumor cell line) the dose response curve for
      each of the molecular forms of ACTH is parallel to that for porcine alpha(1-39).

PMID- 169886
TI  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone regulates the number of its own receptors in the
      GH3 strain of pituitary cells in culture.
AB  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a hypothalamic tripeptide, binds rapidly and
      reversibly to specific membrane receptors on GH3 cells, a clonal strain of rat
      pituitary cells grown in culture. GH3 cells were incubated for 1-72 hr with
      unlabeled TRH, washed, and then incubated for 1 hr with [3H]TRH. Under these
      conditions 80% of any bound, unlabeled TRH exchanges with [3H]TRH in the medium,
      and the amount of radioactivity bound to the cells gives a measure of the number
      of TRH receptors. In GH3 cells, the number of available TRH receptors decreased
      from 92% of control after 1 hr to 35% after 48 or 72 hr of incubation with
      unlabeled TRH. Binding of [3H]TRH to both intact control and TRH-treated cells
      was half-maximal at 8 nM [3H]TRH, but the maximum amount of [3H]TRH bound was
      decreased by 75% in cells previously incubated for 48 hr with unlabeled TRH.
      Equilibrium binding studies were performed using membrane fractions prepared from
      control cells and cells previously exposed to TRH for various periods. The
      dissociation constant of the TRH-receptor complex was the same in all cases, but
      the maximum amount of TRH bound decreased progressively in membrane fractions
      from cells incubated with TRH for 1-51 hr. TRH receptors were not found in
      cytoplasmic fractions of control or TRH-treated cells. The loss of TRH receptors
      was reversible within 4 days. In the continued presence of the tripeptide the
      number of receptors remained low for 12 days. After incubation for 2 days with
      different concentrations of TRH, the number of receptors was decreased to 33% of
      control at 100-300 nM TRH, and half of this decrease occurred at about 1 nM TRH;
      half-maximal biological responses occur at 2 nM TRH. The biologically active Ntau
      methylhistidyl derivative of TRH also effected a loss of receptors, while three
      inactive analogs of TRH did not cause reductions in the number of TRH receptors.
      In cultures incubated for 40 hr with cycloheximide, protein synthesis was
      inhibited by 85%, but the number of TRH receptors was 76% of control suggesting
      that the receptor has a long half-life. When GH3 cells were incubated with
      cycloheximide plus TRH, the number of TRH receptors decreased by only 23% as
      compared to a decrease of 73% in cells incubated with TRH alone, suggesting that
      receptor loss is partially dependent on active protein synthesis. We conclude
      that in GH3 cells TRH regulates the number of its own receptors.

PMID- 169887
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate binding sites of
      human red cell membranes.
AB  - To identify and investigate the cAMP binding sites of human red cell membranes a
      photoaffinity analog of cAMP, 8-azidoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8
      N3cAMP), has been synthesized. This analog activates cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase(s) in the red cell membrane. It exhibits tight, but reversible binding to
      the membranes which is competitive with cAMP. Photolysis of [32P]-8-N3cAMP with
      red cell membranes results in covalent incorporation of radioactive label onto
      two specific membrane proteins. This incorporation requires activating light and
      is reduced to background levels with addition of low levels of cAMP.
      Prephotolysis of 8-N3cAMP completely abolished its ability to photolabel membrane
      proteins. Both the reversible and photocatalyzed binding of 8-N3cAMP show
      saturation kinetics. The molecular weights of the two primarily labeled proteins
      are approximately 49,000 and 55,000. The differential effects of cAMP, ATP, and
      adenosine on the photocatalyzed incorporation of [32P]-8-N3cAMP onto these two
      proteins suggest that they have biochemically different properties. The potential
      usefulness of this compound for investigating various molecular aspects of cAMP
      action is discussed.

PMID- 169888
TI  - Photoaffinity labeling of a protein kinase from bovine brain with 8
      azidoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.
AB  - 8-Azidoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-N3-cAMP) containing 32P has been used as
      a photoaffinity label specific for the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)
      binding site(s) present in a partially purified preparation of soluble protein
      kinase from bovine brain. 8-N3-cAMP and cAMP were found to compete for the same
      binding site(s) in this preparation, as determined by a standard filter assay.
      When this protein preparation was equilibrated with [32P]-8-N3-cAMP, and then
      irradiated at 253.7 nm, the incorporation of radioactivity was predominantly into
      a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 49,000, as determined by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. This
      labeled protein comigrated in the gel with the only protein which is endogenously
      phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP, a protein which has been shown to be the
      regulatory subunit of the protein kinase (H. Maeno, P. L. Reyes, T. Ueda, S. A.
      Rudolph, and P. Greengard (1974), Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 164, 551). The
      incorporation of [32P]-8-N3-cAMP into this protein was half-maximal at a
      concentration of 7 x 10(-8) M. In accordance with a proposed mechanism involving
      the formation of a highly reactive nitrene intermediate upon irradiation of the
      azide, the incorporation of radioactivity into protein was maximal within 10 min
      of irradiation, and was almost eliminated by preirradiation of the photolabile
      ligand. Moreover, this incorporation was virtually abolished by a 50-fold excess
      of cAMP, but not by AMP, ADP, ATP, or adenosine. We suggest that 8-N3-cAMP may
      prove to be a useful molecular probe of the cAMP-binding site in receptor
      proteins and report its use in conjunction with sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a highly sensitive and selective
      radiochemical marker for cAMP-binding proteins.

PMID- 169889
TI  - DNA binding by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase from
      calf thymus nuclei.
AB  - Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) dependent protein kinase and proteins
      specifically binding cAMP have been extracted from calf thymus nuclei and
      analyzed for their abilities to bind to DNA. Approximately 70% of the cAMP
      binding activity in the nucleus can be ascribed to a nuclear acidic protein with
      physical and biochemical characteristics of the regulatory (R) subunit of cAMP
      dependent protein kinase. Several peaks of protein kinase activity and of cAMP
      binding activity are resolved by affinity chromatography of nuclear acidic
      proteins on calf thymus DNA covalently linked to aminoethyl Sephrarose 4B. When
      an extensively purified protein kinase is subjected to chromatography on the DNA
      column in the presence of 10(-7) M cAMP, the R subunit of the kinase is eluted
      from the column at 0.05 M NaCl while the catalytic (C) subunit of the enzyme is
      eluted at 0.1-0.2 M NaCl. When chromatographed in the presence of histones, the R
      subunit is retained on the column and is eluted at 0.6-0.9 M NaCl. In the
      presence of cAMP, association of the C subunit with DNA is enhanced, as
      determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of DNA-protein kinase
      complexes. cAMP increases the capacity of the calf thymus cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase preparation to bind labeled calf thymus DNA, as determined by a technique
      employing filter retention of DNA-protein complexes. This protein kinase
      preparation binds calf thymus DNA in preference to salmon DNA, Escherichia coli
      DNA, or yeast RNA. Binding of protein kinases to DNA may be part of a mechanism
      for localizing cyclic nucleotide stimulated protein phosphorylation at specific
      sites in the chromatin.

PMID- 169890
TI  - Optical and magnetic resonance studies of formate binding to horse liver catalase
      and sperm whale myoglobin.
AB  - The binding of formate ion, a substrate for the peroxidatic reaction of catalase,
      has been investigated by magnetic resonance techniques. Comparative studies of
      formate binding to ferric myoglobin have also been performed. The nuclear
      magnetic relaxation (NMR) rate of formate and water protons is enhanced by the
      presence of ferric horse liver catalase. The enhancement is not changed
      significantly by the addition of cyanide, indicating that water and formate are
      still bound in the presence of cyanide. Formate proton to heme iron distances
      determined by magnetic resonance techniques indicate that formate does not
      directly bind to the heme iron of catalase or myoglobin but to the globin, and
      NMR relaxation occurs as a result of outersphere mechanisms. Evidence that water
      forms an innersphere complex with the iron atom of the catalase heme is
      presented. In similar experiments with ferric myoglobin, the addition of cyanide
      caused a large decrease in the enhancement of the proton relaxation rate of both
      formate and water, indicating the displacement of water and formate from the heme
      and the vicinity of the heme, respectively. Broad, high-spin, ferric ion electron
      paramagnetic resonance absorptions of catalase and myoglobin at room temperature
      obtained in the presence and absence of formate show that formate does not alter
      appreciably the heme environment of catalase or myoglobin or the spin state of
      the heme iron. Studies on the binding of formate to catalase as monitored by
      changes in the heme absorption spectrum in the visible region show one-to-one
      stoichiometry with heme concentration. However, the small changes observed in the
      visible region of the optical spectrum on addition of formate ion are attributed
      to a secondary effect of formate on the heme environment, rather than direct
      binding of formate to the heme moiety.

PMID- 169891
TI  - A heat stable paraoxonase (O,O-diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphate O-p-nitrophenyl
      hydrolase) from Russell's viper venom.
AB  - Fractionation of Russell's viper venom revealed separate phosphohydrolase
      activities directed against p-nitrophenyl phosphate, bis(p-nitrophenyl)
      phosphate, p-nitrophenylthymidylic acid, and O,O-diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate
      (paraoxon). On gel fractionation, the first two activities are eluted ahead of
      the latter. They could be resolved further by phosphocellulose cation exchange
      chromatography. The hydrolytic activities directed against p
      nitrophenylthymidylic acid hydrolyzing component is heat labile, while the
      paraoxon hydrolyzing component manifests an unusually high degree of heat
      stability. Gel filtration yields 9600 for the molecular weight of the
      "paraoxonase". This enzyme, as all known enzymes of this type, requires the
      presence of a divalent cation. Maximum activity is obtained in the presence of
      Ca2+. In the presence of Sr2+ the reaction rate is 50% of that of Ca2+; other
      divalent cations show lower activities. The presence of the enzyme is species
      specific. Of four species tested, only Russell's viper venom showed significant
      paraoxonase activity. Enzyme activity is intact following incubation with
      iodoacetate of p-chloromercuribenzoate. Activity is partially preserved even in
      the presence of 8 M urea.

PMID- 169892
TI  - Functional consequences of modifying highly reactive arginyl residues of fructose
      1,6-bisphosphatase. Loss of monovalent cation activation.
AB  - Modification of pig kidney fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase with 2,3-butanedione (in
      the presence of AMP) results in the loss of activation of the enzyme by
      monovalent cations. Under these conditions about 8 arginyl residues per mole of
      enzyme were modified. No other residues were modified. No loss of monovalent
      cation activation occurs when modification with 2,3-butanedione is carried out in
      the presence of AMP plus the substrate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and 3.2 less
      arginyl residues were modified. Since fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase contains 4
      subunits, it is suggested that one arginyl residue per subunit plays an essential
      role in monovalent cation activation of the enzyme. Studies on sulfhydryl group
      reactivity toward 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) explain the protection
      exerted by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate against the loss of monovalent cation
      activation in terms of an enzyme conformational change induced by substrate,
      which makes unreactive the essential arginyl residue. The results of the present
      paper, as well as previous evidence, are discussed in terms of the mechanism of
      monovalent cation activation of fructose 1,6-biphosphatase.

PMID- 169893
TI  - Characterization of Novikoff hepatoma mRNA methylation and heterogeneity in the
      methylated 5' terminus.
AB  - KOH digestion of methyl-labeled poly(A)+ mRNA purified by (dT)-cellulose
      chromatography produced mononucleotide and multiple peaks of a large
      oligonucleotide (-6 to -8 charge) when separated on the basis of charge by
      Pellionex-WAX high-speed liquid chromatography in 7 M urea. Heat denaturation of
      the RNA before application to (dT)-cellulose was required to release contaminants
      (mostly 18S rRNA) that persisted even after repeated binding to (dT)-cellulose at
      room temperature. Analysis of the purified poly(A)+ mRNA by enzyme digestion,
      acid hydrolysis, and a variety of chromatographic techniques has shown that the
      monucleotide (53%) is due entirely to N6-methyladenosine. The large
      oligonucleotides (47%) were found to contain 7-methylguanosine and the 2'-0
      methyl derivatives of all four nucleosides. No radioactivity was found associated
      with the poly(A) segment. Periodate oxidation of the mRNA followed by beta
      elimination released only labeled 7-methylguanine consistent with a blocked 5'
      terminus containing an unusual 5'-5' bond. Alkaline phosphatase treatment of
      intact mRNA had no effect on the migration of the KOH produced oligonucleotides
      on Pellionex-WAX. When RNA from which 7-methylguanine was removed by beta
      elimination was used for the phosphatase treatment, distinct dinucleotides
      (NmpNp) and trinucleotides (NmpNmpNp) occurred after KOH hydrolysis and Pellionex
      WAX chromatography. Thus Novikoff hepatoma poly(A)+ mRNA molecules can contain
      either one or two 2'-0-methylnucleotides linked by a 5'-5' bond to a terminal 7
      methylguanosine and the 2'-0-methylation can occur with any of the four
      nucleotides. The 5' terminus may be represented by m7G5'ppp5' (Nmp)lor2Np, a
      general structure proposed earlier as a possible 5' terminus for all eucaryotic
      mRNA molecules (Rottman, F., Shatkin, A., and Perry, R. (1974), Cell 3, 197). The
      composition analyses indicate that there are 3.0 N6-methyladenosine residues, 1.0
      7-methylguanosine residue, and 1.7 2'-0-methylnucleoside residues per average
      mRNA molecule.

PMID- 169894
TI  - Nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes containing U1 and U2 RNA.
AB  - Nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that contain the U1 and U2 RNA of
      chromatin of Novikoff hepatoma cells were extracted with 0.01 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.0)
      after the nuclei were initially washed with 0.075 M NaCl and 0.025 M EDTA (pH
      8.0). These RNP complexes were purified by chromatography on Sepharose 6B columns
      and centrifugation on sucrose density gradients. The identity of the U1 and U2
      RNA in these particles was established by their electrophoretic mobility in
      polyacrylamide gels and their T1 RNase fingerprints which were identical with
      those of authentic U1 and U2 RNA (R. Reddy et al. (1974), J. Biol. Chem.249, 6486
      6494; H. Shibata et al. (1974), Mol. Cell. Biochem. 4, 3-19). The nuclear
      riboncleoproteins had a buoyant density of 1.47 g/ml in CsCl gradients. Two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their proteins showed these RNP
      complexes contain 10 polypeptide spots, of which two are phosphorylated in vivo.

PMID- 169895
TI  - Steroid-receptor quantitation and characterization by electrophoresis in highly
      cross-linked polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - Conditions for discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been defined
      in which progesterone receptors of chick oviduct cytosol and a variety of steroid
      binding proteins from other sources are stable and amenable to quantitative
      analysis. The essential modifications from standard procedures include the use of
      (1) separation gels in which the cross-linking agent/acrylamide monomer = 15:85,
      (2) glycerol (10% v/v) in all phases of the Trisglycine-HCl buffer system (pH
      10.2 in the separation phase during electrophoresis at 0 degrees), and (3) a
      layer of a charged reducing agent, thioglycolate, beneath the sample layer.
      Electrophoresis of untreated oviduct cytosol labeled with [3H]progesterone +/-
      competing steroids revealed a heterodisperse slow peak and a sharp fast peak.
      Both peaks displayed the steroid-binding specificity and saturability that are
      characteristic of intracellular receptors. Recovery of steroid from both the slow
      and fast components increased linearly with sample load up to 60 mul of cytosol
      (1.2 mg of protein)/gel (6 mm diameter). The specific progesterone binding
      detected by this technique was comparable to that detected by charcoal-dextran
      treatment or ion exchange filtration. Relative electrophoretic mobilities (Rf) of
      globular protein standards and steroid-protein complexes in cytosol and chick
      serum were measured in separation gels with total gel concentrations (T)
      systematically varied from 5 to 15% (w/v). Data were processed by computer
      programs to obtain weighted linear regressions of log Rf on T (Ferguson plots)
      and the joint 95% confidence limits of the slopes (-KR) and intercepts of these
      plots. Molecular radii (R) of the binding components and apparent molecular
      weights (M) were calculated from the linear correlation of R with KR 1/2 for the
      standards. The value of M is approximately 158,000 obtained for the cytosol fast
      component was independent of the length of the separation gel, the presence of a
      stacking gel or prior exposure of the cytosol to KCl. It was higher than expected
      from the sedimentation coefficient of 4.2 S in the same pH 10.2 buffer.
      Electrophoresis in 170-mm separation gels without stacking gels revealed that KCl
      extracts of protamine-precipitated cytosol contain a different receptor form, of
      lower net negative charge than the cytosol fast form. The results demonstrate the
      utility of electrophoresis in highly cross-linked gels of several concentrations
      to discriminate between various receptor forms and steroid-binding components of
      serum. This method may lead to overestimates of M for highly asymmetric receptor
      forms.

PMID- 169896
TI  - Quantitative demonstration of the reciprocity of ligand effects in the ternary
      complex of chicken heart lactate dehydrogenase with nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide oxalate.
AB  - The reciprocity of effects of two ligands simultaneously bound to a protein as a
      ternary complex may be proven by measurements of four standard free energies of
      binding. Two of these are for the binding of each ligand in the absence of the
      other, and the other two for the binding of each ligand in the presence of
      saturating amounts of the other (conditional free energies). These four
      quantities have been measured for the complexes of oxalate and nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide with chick heart lactate dehydrogenase. The differences
      between conditional and unconditional free energies are: oxalate, -1.1 +/- 0.3
      kcal; NADH,-1.3 +/- 0.2 kcal, thus proving the reciprocity within experimental
      error.

PMID- 169897
TI  - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of [2
      13C]carboxymethylcytochrome c.
AB  - Horse heart cytochrome c has been carboxymethylated under various reaction
      conditions using [2-13C]bromoacetate. Direct analysis of reaction products using
      13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy shows that the protein can be much
      more extensively modified than has previously been assumed. The proximity of one
      carboxymethylmethionine residue to the paramagnetic center of the ferric protein
      allows it to be distinguished from a more constant carboxymethylmethionine
      residue on the basis of the chemical shift of its labeled methylene group.
      Refolding of cytochrome c after alkylation at low pH apparently gives a different
      configuration of modified methionine residues within the protein compared to that
      produced by alkylation at neutral pH in the presence of cyanide.

PMID- 169898
TI  - A protective function of superoxide dismutase during respiratory chain activity.
AB  - (1) Aerobic incubation of heart muscle submitochondrial particles in phosphate
      buffer after treatment with NADH causes a progressive and substantial inhibition
      of the NADH oxidation system. Succinate oxidation remains almost unaffected by
      NADH treatment. (2) The loss of NADH oxidase activity is due to an inhibition of
      the respiratory chain-linked NADH dehydrogenase. This inhibition of the enzyme is
      very similar to that caused by combination of the organic mercurial mersalyl with
      NADH dehydrogenase. (3) The inhibition of NADH oxidation is largely prevented by
      compounds that are known to react with superoxide ions (02-.), including
      superoxide dismutase, cytochrome c, tiron and Mn2+. EDTA also has a protective
      effect, but a number of other metal chelating agents, and several proteins,
      including catalase, are without effect. (4) It is concluded that the inhibition
      of NADH oxidation of NADH oxidation by superoxide ions or by mersalyl is
      reversible and is therefore not due to the loss of oxidoreduction components from
      the respiratory chain or to an irreversible change in protein conformation. (6)
      The function of mitochondrial superxide dismutase is discussed in relation to the
      key role of NADH dehydrogenase in energy-conserving reactions and the formation
      of hydrogen peroxide during mitochondrial oxidations.

PMID- 169900
TI  - Surface binding and interiorization of homologous and heterologous serum
      lipoproteins by rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture.
AB  - Rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture were incubated with rat or human
      iodinated low and high density lipoprotein at 5-50 mug/ml for 3 h. With the
      homologous lipoproteins, 25-49% of total cellular protein radioactivity was
      trypsin releasable and was considered as surface-bound radioactivity, while the
      balance represented cellular uptake. The ratio of surface-bound to cellular label
      was higher when the cells were incubated with human lipoproteins and was about 9
      : 1 with human high density lipoprotein. Cellular uptake of rat low density
      lipoprotein was about twice that of rat high density lipoprotein, while
      degradation of labeled protein, which had presumably followed protein uptake, was
      similar and ranged from 20 to 25% of protein uptake in 3 h. Experiments designed
      to test the effect of cell density on lipoprotein uptake have shown that the
      uptake was related inversely to cell density. Thus, the lower lipoprotein uptake
      encountered in the rat smooth muscle cells, compared to that described for human
      fibroblasts (Goldstein, J.L. and Brown, M.S. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 5153
      5162), could be due in part to the much lower cell density used in the latter
      studies, as well as to cell type and species difference.

PMID- 169899
TI  - Chlorophyll radical cation in photosystem II of chloroplasts. Millisecond decay
      at low temperature.
AB  - We compare the absorption changes, in the near infrared and in the green part of
      the spectrum, induced in spinach chloroplasts suspensions, at -- 170 degrees C,
      by continuous light and by flashes. (1) Following flash excitation, an absorption
      increase peaking at 825 nm which reverses rapidly (t 1/2 = 3.0 ms) is not
      affected by ferricyanide; it is suppressed when chloroplasts are preilluminated
      in the presence of 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1'-dimethylurea (DCMU) and
      hydroxylamine. The reversion of that signal is simultaneous with a partial back
      reoxidation of C-550 (fully reduced by the flash) and with partial (about 25%)
      oxidation of cytochrome b559. The magnitude of the signal peaking at 825 nm (that
      we attribute to the radical cation of the trap chlorophyll of Photosystem II,
      acting as a primary electron donor) decreases progressively within a series of
      successive flashes. (2) An absorption increase (40% of which is slowly
      reversible) with a broad peak around 810 nm is induced by continuous light or by
      a flash. It is suppressed by pretreatment with ferricyanide, but it is little
      affected by the treatment with 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1'-dimethylurea and
      hydroxylamine. We attribute it to oxidized P700. (3) With chloroplasts pretreated
      with 10 mM ferricyanide, an absorption increase, whose magnitude is nearly
      independent of wavelength between 790 and 870 nm, can be induced by continuous
      light. One saturating flash produces only 20% of the signal. This absorption
      change (20% of which is reversible in 30 s) might be due to a secondary donor of
      Photosystem II.

PMID- 169901
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on ACTH-induced cyclic AMP formation and steroidogenesis
      in isolated adrenal cells of vitamin E-deficient rats.
AB  - Isolated adrenal cells from Vitamin E-deficient and control rats were prepared by
      a trypsin digestion method. Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      formation was studied in response to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in the presence
      and absence of ascorbate by measuring the conversion of prelabeled adenosine 5'
      triphosphate [14C]ATP to cyclic [14C]AMP. Ascorbate (0.5 mM) inhibited ACTH
      induced cyclic [14C]AMP formation in adrenal cells isolated from Vitamin E
      deficient rats but had no effect in the control cells. The inhibitory effect of
      ascorbate on ACTH-induced cyclic AMP formation in Vitamin E-deficient rats
      decreased as the concentration of ACTH increased. In Vitamin E-deficient rats
      ascorbate inhibited ACTH-induced cyclic [14C]AMP formation after 30 min of
      incubation. There was no further significant accumulation of cyclic [14C]AMP at
      60 min or 120 min although in the absence of ascorbate cyclic [14C]AMP continued
      to be formed. The in vitro addition of alpha-tocopherol reduced the inhibition of
      ACTH-induced cyclic [14C]AMP formation by ascorbate in Vitamin E-deficient rats.
      These studies suggest that alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate may affect ACTH-induced
      cyclic AMP formation through interaction with the membrane-bound enzyme adenylate
      cyclase.

PMID- 169902
TI  - Ontogeny of cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphokinase during hepatic development
      of the rat.
AB  - The ontogeny of protein kinase (ATP: protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) and
      cyclic AMP-binding activity in subcellular fractions of liver was examined during
      prenatal and postnatal development of the male rat. 1. Protein kinase activity
      and cyclic AMP-binding activity were found in the nuclear, microsomal, lysosomal
      mitochondrial, and soluble liver fractions. 2. The protein kinase activity of the
      soluble (105 000 X g supernatant) fraction measured with histone F1 as substrate
      was stimulated by cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP did not stimulate the protein kinase
      activity of the particulate fractions. 3. The protein kinase activity of all
      subcellular fractions increased rapidly from the activity observed in prenatal
      liver (3-4 days before birth) to reach maximal activity in 2-day-old rats.
      Thereafter, the protein kinase activity declined more slowly and regained the
      prenatal levels at 10 days after birth. 4. Considerable latent protein kinase
      activity was associated with liver microsomal fractions which could be activated
      by treatment of microsomes with Triton X-100. The latent microsomal protein
      kinase activity was highest in prenatal liver, at the time of birth, and 2 days
      after birth. During the subsequent postnatal development the latent microsomal
      protein kinase activity gradually declined to insignificantly low levels. 5.
      During the developmental period examined (4 days before birth to age 60-90 days)
      marked alterations of the cyclic AMP-binding activity were determined in all
      subcellular fractions of rat liver. In general, cytosol, microsomal, and
      lysosomal-mitochondrial cyclic AMP-binding activity was highest in 10-11 day-old
      rats. Nuclear cyclic AMP-binding activity was highest 3-4 days before birth and
      declined at birth and during the postnatal period. There was no correlation
      between the developmental alteration of cyclic AMP-binding activity and cyclic
      AMP dependency of the protein kinase activity in any of the subcellular
      fractions. This suggests that the measured cyclic AMP-binding activity does not
      reflect developmental alterations of the cyclic AMP-binding regulatory subunit of
      cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 169904
TI  - The effect of antiestrogens on egg yolk protein synthesis and estrogen-binding to
      chromatin in the rooster liver.
AB  - Nafoxidine and CI-628, two well known antiestrogenic compounds, reduce the
      stimulating effect of estradiol on the estrogen-binding capacity of the liver
      chromatin from roosters. In vitro both antiestrogens compete with [3H]estradiol
      for the binding sites on the liver chromatin. They inhibit the estrogen-induced
      synthesis of egg yolk proteins (vitellogenin) and fail to induce this estrogen
      specific protein synthesis by themselves. They show the ability, however, to
      increase the estrogen-binding sites on the liver chromatin to some extent.

PMID- 169905
TI  - An analysis of the binding of the chick oviduct progesterone-receptor to
      chromatin.
AB  - The binding of progesterone-receptor complexes to chromatin from target and
      nontarget tissues was studied in vitro. Chromatin from both target and nontarget
      tissues responds in a similar manner to saly and cofactors and has the same K(D)
      (approx. 3.10(-9) M) for the progesterone-receptor complex. The only observed
      difference in the binding of the progesterone-receptor complex to target and
      nontarget chromatins is the difference in total number of acceptor sites. oviduct
      chromatin has approx. 1300 sites/pg DNA, spleen chromatin has approx. 840
      sites/pg DNA, and erythrocyte chromatin has about 330 sites/pg DNA. The K(D) and
      number of acceptor sites for progesterone-receptor complex binding to oviduct
      chromatin remains the same even after extensive purification of the progesterone
      receptor complex. Activation of cytosol labeled with [3H]progesterone by
      preincubation at 25 degrees C, analogous to that required for maximal nuclear
      binding, occurs if the binding studies to chromatin are performed in 0.025 M
      salt. The absence of an observable temperature effect when the studies are
      performed at 0.15 M salt is due to the activation of the receptor by salt. The
      dissociation of the progesterone-receptor complex from chromatin exhibits a
      single dissociation rate and the initial event is the appearance of free
      progesterone rather than a progesterone-receptor complex. Lastly, the treatment
      of chromatin with an antibody prepared against either single-stranded DNA or
      double-stranded DNA does not alter the extent of binding of the progesterone
      receptor complex. Similarly, pretreatment of chromatin with a single-stranded
      nuclease does not inhibit the capacity of chromatin to bind the hormone-receptor
      complex.

PMID- 169903
TI  - Effects of cholera toxin on cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate concentration
      and secretory processes in the exocrine pancreas.
AB  - 1. The effect of purified cholera toxin on secretory processes of exocrine
      pancreas has been studied in the isolated, saline-perfused cat pancreas and in
      incubated pieces of rat pancreas. 2. The toxin evoked a biphasic secretory
      response from the perfused cat pancreas. An initial small phase, which began
      within minutes of toxin application, was an artefact due to the presence of NaN3
      in the cholera toxin preparation as supplied; it could be entirely reproduced by
      NaN3 at the concentration expected during toxin stimulation. A second, sustained
      phase of secretion, due to the action of the toxin proper, began within 30-60
      min, increasing in magnitude for many hours and persisting in the absence of
      toxin. It was accompanied by a parellel rise in tissue cyclic AMP concentration,
      and could be potentiated by theophylline. 3. The composition of the secretion
      stimulated by cholera toxin resembled that evoked by secretin; e.g. it contained
      a high concentration of bicarbonate and only basal amounts of digestive enzymes.
      4. Similarly, cholera toxin did not stimulate enzyme secretion by incubated rat
      pancreas, despite large rises in tissue cyclic AMP concentration. 5. Because
      cholera toxin has thus far been shown to have no other effect than that of
      stimulating adenylate cyclase, these observations support the conclusion that
      cyclic AMP does mediate the electrolyte secretory response of the pancreas to
      secretin, but offers no evidence that cyclic AMP plays a similar role in the
      regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion stimulated by cholecystokinin
      pancreozymin or acetylcholine.

PMID- 169906
TI  - Stimulation of sugar transport in rat diaphragm by 8-bromoguanosine 3', 5'
      monophosphate.
AB  - The cyclic GMP derivative, 8-bromo cyclic GMP, increases the uptake of D-xylose
      and of 2-deoxy D-glucose into intact rat diaphragm incubated in vitro. 8-Bromo
      cyclic GMP does not stimulate the incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen in
      the diaphragm, or the uptake of alphalpha-amino isobutyric acid into this tissue.
      The effect of 8-bromo cyclic GMP on the diaphragm is consistent with the
      hypothesis that cyclic GMP plays a role in the regulation of sugar transport in
      muscle.

PMID- 169907
TI  - Measurement of particle sizes by elastic and quasi-elastic light scattering.
AB  - A method of measuring an average particle radius in a highly polydisperse
      dispersion using the wavelength dependence of turbidity is described. For
      particles which are no larger than 0.3 of the wavelength of light used, a
      polynomial representation of the scattering cross-section can be used. For larger
      particles, more extensive numerical calculations are required. The use of the
      method is illustrated by determining the average particle radius of casein
      micelles by both elastic and quasi-elastic light scattering techniques. A
      polydisperse homogeneous sphere model is found to be a reasonably accurate
      representation of casein micelles. Several modifications of the model which would
      improve the agreement between the two techniques are mentioned briefly.

PMID- 169908
TI  - Tritiation of endotoxin.
AB  - Tritiated endotoxin was synthesized by three different methods: (1) sodium
      boro[3H]hydride reduction of native endotoxin; (2) sodium boro[3H]hydride
      reduction of endotoxin that had been oxidized previously with sodium
      metaperiodate; and (3) exposure of dry endotoxin to 3H2 gas. Sodium borohydride
      reduces aldehyde groups and sodium metaperiodate oxidizes vicinal glycol groups
      to aldehydes. Chromatographic analysis of the three tritiated endotoxins, using
      agarose, revealed that the biological activity associated with each labeled
      product appeared at the void volume, and in each case the biological activity
      coincided with a peak in radioactivity. The labeled product of the first method
      had a specific radioactivity of 0.18 mCi/g and a biological activity equal to
      that of native endotoxin. The labeled products of the second and third methods
      had specific activities of 2.1 mCi/g and 60.0 mCi/g, respectively, while their
      biological activities were one hundred-fold less than native endotoxin, as
      determined by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. These three labeled endotoxins
      are potentially ueled endotoxin.

PMID- 169909
TI  - Studies on the reconstitution of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase. V.
      Preparation and properties of derivatives in which both zinc and copper sites
      contain copper.
AB  - 1. We have developed a procedure for preparing derivatives of bovine superoxide
      dismutase in which primarily the Cu binding sites are occupied by Cu2+ (2 Cu2+-)
      and in which both the Zn and Cu binding sites are occupied by Cu2+ (4 Cu2+-). 2.
      The 2 Cu2+ protein shows approximately one-half the superoxide dismutase activity
      of an equivalent amount of native protein. A two-fold enhancement of the activity
      of 2 Cu2+-dismutase was observed upon occupation of the Zn sites either with Zn2+
      or Cu2+. 3. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of 4 Cu2+ protein was
      recorded over the temperature range 5-100 degrees K and the results suggest an
      antiferro-magnetic interaction between Cu2+ in the Zn site and Cu2+ in the Cu
      site having a coupling constant of approx. 52 cm-1. 4. The binuclear Cu2+ complex
      was found to accept only one electron from ferrocyanide. 5. One-half the total
      Cu+ of dithionite reduced 4 Cu+ protein was found to react rapidly with
      bathocupreine sulfonate whereas the other half reacted slowly. Reduced native
      protein did not react with bathocupreine sulfonate below 70 degrees C.

PMID- 169910
TI  - Regulation of GMP reductase in Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - The levels of guanosine 5'-phosphate reductase (EC 1.6.6.8) in Salmonella
      typhimurium appear to be modulated by changes in the ratio of the adenine and
      guanine nucleotide pools. Alterations of this ratio may be induced by high levels
      of guanosine in the culture medium or by genetic lesions in one of several purine
      interconversion enzymes, such as pur A or pur B mutants. The induction of the
      reductase requires transcription and translation processes and, in contrast to
      earlier observation with Escherichia coli, is not dependent on cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-phosphate or the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-phosphate receptor protein.

PMID- 169911
TI  - Studies of a halophilic NADH dehydrogenase. II. Kinetic properties of the enzyme
      in relation to salt activation.
AB  - 1. An NADH dehydrogenase, obtained from an extremely halophilic bacterium, was
      activated by various salts when enzyme activity was measured as the observed
      velocity, whereas the maximum velocity was unaffected by either the salt
      concentration or the nature of the salt. 2. Two ion effects were observed; a
      quantitative cation effect, reflected in changes in the apparent Michaelis
      constant for 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, and a qualitative anion effect,
      reflected in the apparent Michaelis and dissociation constants for NADH. 3. The
      data suggest that cations act by neutralizing electrostatic charges surrounding
      the 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol-binding site, whereas the anions affect the
      conformation of the enzyme by altering the accessibility of the NADH-binding site
      to the bulk solvent. 4. Thus, the apparent activation of this enzyme, obtained
      from an extremely halophilic bacterium, is a reflection of measuring enzyme
      activity at non-saturating substrate concentrations.

PMID- 169912
TI  - Thyroidal autoregulation. Iodide-induced suppression of thyrotropin-stimulated
      cyclic AMP production and iodinating activity in thyroid cells.
AB  - In continuing our study of the thyroidal autoregulation phenomenon, we have
      investigated the effects of iodide on several thyroidal responses to thyrotropin.
      Thus, we have found that the 2--4-fold thyrotropin stimulation of protein
      iodination in beef thyroid cells was reduced about 30% by 4 h of preincubation
      with 10 muM iodide, and virtually abolished with 50 muM iodide. Similarly the 8
      fold thyrotropin stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in the cells was reduced
      about 30% by 3 h of preincubation with 50 muM iodide. It appears therefore that
      the so-called autoregulation of the thyroid gland does include influences of
      iodide on the thyrotropin stimulation of cyclic AMP production, iodide transport,
      and protein iodination which can be demonstrated in vitro in the dispersed
      thyroid cell system. Two other effects of thyrotropin, namely, the stimulation of
      [14C]leucine incorporation into protein and of iodide efflux were not at all
      affected by treatment with excess iodide, and hence may not be subject to the
      autoregulatory influence of iodide.

PMID- 169913
TI  - Intracellular formation of analogs of cyclic AMP. Studies with brain slices
      labeled with radioactive derivatives of adenine and adenosine.
AB  - A variety of radioactive analogs of adenine and adenosine were incubated with
      guinea pig cerebral cortical slices. Neither 1,N6-etheno[14C] adenosine nor 1,N6
      etheno[14C] adenine were significantly incorporated into intracellular
      nucleotides. 2-chloro[8-3H] adenine was incorporated, but at a very low rate and
      conclusive evidence for the formation of intracellular radioactive 2-chloro
      cyclic AMP was not obtained. N6-Benzyl[14C] adenosine was converted only to
      intracellular monophosphates and significant formation of radioactive N6
      benzylcyclic AMP was not detected during a subsequent incubation. 2'-Deoxy-[8
      14C] adenosine was converted to both intracellular radioactive 2'-deoxy-adenine
      nucleotides and radioactive adenine nucleotides. Stimulation of these labeled
      slices with a variety of agents resulted in formation of both radioactive 2'
      deoxycyclic AMP and cyclic AMP. Investigation of the effect of various other
      compounds on uptake of adenine or adenosine suggested that certain other
      adenosine analogs might serve as precursors of abnormal cyclic nucleotides in
      intact cells.

PMID- 169914
TI  - The effect of temperature on the spectroscopic properties of the heme c
      octapeptide from cytochrome c.
AB  - The effect of temperature on the optical properties of the acetylated heme c
      octapeptide from cytochrome c was examined. At above ambient temperatures the
      observed optical spectrum with maxima at 549 and 424 nm was characteristic of
      high-spin ferrous hemeproteins. At below ambient temperatures the optical
      spectrum became characteristic of low-spin ferrous hemeproteins with maxima at
      547, 518, and 410 nm. A thermodynamic characterization of this two component
      system yielded a deltaHO of -10.1 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol and a delta S0 of-37.6 +/- 2.5
      e.u. for the temperature dependent process. Discussion of the spectroscopic and
      thermodynamic parameters was presented in terms of the consistent magnetic and
      structural properties of heme complexes.

PMID- 169915
TI  - Organization of phospholipids in human red cell membranes as detected by the
      action of various purified phospholipases.
AB  - 1. The action of eight purified phospholipases on intact human erythrocytes has
      been investigated. Four enzymes, e.g. phospholipases A2 from pancreas and
      Crotalus adamanteus, phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus, and phospholipase D
      from cabbage produce neither haemolysis nor hydrolysis of phospholipids in intact
      cells. On the other hand, both phospholipases A2 from bee venom and Naja naja
      cause a non-haemolytic breakdown of more than 50% of the lecithin, while
      sphingomyelinase C from Staphylococcus aureus is able to produce a non-lytic
      degradation of more than 80% of the sphingomyelin. 2. Phospholipase C from
      Clostridium welchii appeared to be the only lipolytic enzyme tested, which
      produces haemolysis of human erythrocytes. Evidence is presented that the unique
      properties of the enzyme itself, rather than possible contaminations in the
      purified preparation, are responsible for the observed haemolytic effect. 3. With
      non-sealed ghosts, all phospholipases produce essentially complete breakdown of
      those phospholipids which can be considered as proper substrates for the enzymes
      involved. 4. Due to its absolute requirement for Ca2+, pancreatic phospholipase
      A2 can be trapped inside resealed ghosts in the presence of EDTA, without
      producing phospholipid breakdown during the resealing procedure. Subsequent
      addition of Ca2+ stimulates phospholipase A2 activity at the inside of the
      resealed cell, eventually leading to lysis. Before lysis occurs, however, 25% of
      the lecithin, half of the phosphatidylethanolamine and some 65% of the
      phosphatidylserine can be hydrolysed. This observation is explained in relation
      to an asymmetric phospholipid distribution in red cell membranes.

PMID- 169916
TI  - Further purification of "Triton subchloroplast fraction I" (TSF-I particles).
      Isolation of a cytochrome-free high-P-700 particle and a complex containing
      cytochromes f and b6, plastocyanin and iron-sulfur protein(s).
AB  - The "Triton Subchloroplast Fraction I" or "TSF-I particles" can be further
      fractionated into a cytochrome fraction and a P-700-containing fraction
      essentially free of cytochromes. The cytochrome complex contains cytochromes f
      and b6 in approx. equimolar amounts, and, in addition, also plastocyanin and one
      iron-sulfur protein, all in the bound state. Bound plastocyanin was characterized
      by EPR spectroscopy. The EPR spectrum of the bound iron-sulfur protein resembles
      that previously detected in Phostosystem I particles under highly reducing
      conditions at lower than -560 mV. The redox potential of P-700 in the cytochrome
      free high-P-700 particles was measured to be +468 mV; those of cytochromes f and
      b6 are +345 and -140 mV, respectively. Among the four components present in the
      complex, only cytochrome f can be coupled to a Photosystem I particle and
      undergoes photooxidation. This coupled photooxidation is totoally inhibited by
      KCN and only partially inhibited by HgCl2. The similarity of the complex
      containing cytochromes f and b6, plastocyanin, and an iron-sulfur protein to
      complexes III and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory redox chain and a possible
      involvement of the complex in cyclic photophosphorylation are noted and
      discussed.

PMID- 169918
TI  - [Regulation in the presynaptic inhibition chains].

PMID- 169917
TI  - Resonance Raman spectroscopic studies of heme proteins.

PMID- 169919
TI  - EEG and neurophysiological studies of early infantile autism.
AB  - My aims in this presentation are to review EEG findings that have been published
      recently in children variously labeled as autistic, schizophrenic, or psychotic.
      I will also report new results from EEG investigations of an expanded series of
      Dr. DeMyer's subjects. Sleep research and studies of cerebral evoked responses
      and the contingent negative variation will be reviewed, and preliminary results
      of wuantitative analyses of EEG from autistic and normal children will be
      reported.

PMID- 169920
TI  - Serotonin inhibition and sleep.
AB  - Methysergide a clinically used blocker of serotonin receptors, was given for 48
      hr to 11 normal adults, at a dose of 8 mg per 24 hr. Total REM sleep time was
      decreased, although total sleep time was unchanged. Stage 4 decreased and stage 3
      increased, while total slow wave sleep remained constant. There was a tendency
      toward a decrease in the number of intact sleep cycles. The relationship of these
      data to published reports on p-chlorophenylalanine is discussed.

PMID- 169921
TI  - Hypnosis and eye movements.
AB  - Eye movements (with closed lids) were studied in a group of highly hypnotizable
      experimental subjects experienced in self-hypnosis, and compared with a random
      sample of control subjects that had never been hypnotized and were low in waking
      suggestibility. Approximately half the experimental subjects rolled their eyes
      upwards to a greater extent when hypnosis was induced than during eye closure
      while awake. In some subjects eye flutter occurred during hypnosis, but not in
      the awake condition. During passive hypnosis the mean rates of rapid eye
      movements were lower, but those of slow eye movements were higher than during the
      resting awake condition of the same subjects or the random control subjects. The
      mean rates of horizontal eye movements during suggestions about begin in a train
      and watching passing telephone poles were higher for the experimental subjects in
      the hypnosis and 'imagination' sessions than that of the random control group in
      the imagination session. A proportion of the experimental subjects made more
      lateral eye movements during hypnosis than during the imagination session, but an
      equal proportion did not differ between the two conditions. The mean rates and
      durations of horizontal eye movements during dreaming about a tennis match were
      greater during hypnosis ('hypnotic' dream), than during the awake condition a few
      minutes later ('natural' dream), or the awake condition in the imagination
      session ('imagination' dream) of the same subjects or random controls. The
      performance and subjective involvement of the experimental subjects during the
      Barber suggestibility scale, 'nystagmus' suggestions and 'dreaming' did not
      differ significantly between the two hypnosis sessions, but in most cases were
      significantly greater during hypnosis than during the imagination session of the
      same group or the random control group.

PMID- 169922
TI  - The molecular evolution of pituitary hormones.

PMID- 169924
TI  - Lp (a) blood types. Comparison of immunological testing with results of
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The results of serum beta-lipoproteins typing of 100 random human sera for Lp (a)
      antigen by the standard immunological method were compared with those of
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which may detect an Lp (a) band migrating more
      slowly than the bulk of LDL. This band was found in all the 33 Lp (a+) but also
      in 9 of the 67 Lp (a-) sera examined.

PMID- 169923
TI  - The hepatic chalone. II. Chemical and biological properties of the rabbit liver
      chalone.
AB  - A factor has been purified from rabbit liver which decreases the incorporation of
      3H-thymidine in DNA of regenerating rat liver slices. This effect is due mostly
      to an inhibition of DNA synthesis from the deoxynucleoside triphosphates. The
      purified rabbit liver factor thus interferes with the liver cell division cycle.
      This inhibitor of DNA synthesis is specific for liver cells; it is not toxic for
      cultured hepatocytes and its action on DNA synthesis is reversible: at low dose,
      the inhibition of DNA synthesis in regenerating liver slices is transitory. The
      purified rabbit liver inhibitor is thus a chalone. The purified rabbit liver
      chalone ultrafiltrates through 1.2 nm pores, is destroyed by trypsine and
      pronase, carries a negative charge at pH 8.8 and a positive charge at pH 4.6; it
      is thermostable and likely a small peptide. It also inhibits RNA and protein
      synthesis in regenerating liver slices. The inhibition of protein synthesis is
      immediately maximal then decreases with time, while the maximum inhibition of DNA
      and RNA synthesis appears after a delay. When a low dose of chalone is used (0.2
      unit per 5 ml), the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis disappears after some
      time: this is not due to a destruction of the chalone, but to a loss of
      sensitivity of the slices incubated in Hanks solution. The inhibitor content of
      liver cells, normal or malignant, seems inversely correlated with their state of
      growth. It is much lower in the liver of a young animal or in regenerating liver
      than in adult liver. Hepatomas produced by feeding DAB contain three times less
      inhibitor than the normal liver. The purified liver chalone is 5-10 times less
      active on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in DNA of DAB hepatoma slices than in
      DNA of regenerating liver slices. It has no apparent action on adult liver
      slices; this might be due to the fact that 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA of
      the adult organ depends, for the greater part, on other processes than DNA
      replication in hepatocytes.

PMID- 169925
TI  - Axon voltage-clamp simulations. III. Postsynaptic region.
AB  - This is the third in a series of four papers in which we present the numerical
      simulations of the application of the voltage clamp technique to excitable cells.
      In this paper we discuss the problem of voltage clamping a region of a
      cylindrical cell using microelectrodes for current injection and voltage
      recording. A recently developed technique (Llinas et al., 1974) of internal
      application of oil drops to electrically insulate a short length of the
      postsynaptic region of the squid giant synapse is evaluated by simulation of the
      voltage clamp of an excitable cylindrical cell of finite length with variable
      placement of the current and voltage electrodes. Our results show that ENa can be
      determined quite accurately with feasible oil gap lengths but that the
      determination of the reversal potential for the synaptic conductance, ES, can be
      considerably in error. The error in the determination of ES dependp, and
      especially the membrane resistance at the time the synaptic conductance occurs.
      It is shown that the application of tetraethylammonium chloride to block the
      active potassium conductance very significantly reduces the error in the
      determination of ES. In addition we discuss the effects of cable length and
      electrode position on the apparent amplitude and time course of the syn aptic
      conductance change. These results are particularly relevant to the application of
      the voltage clamp technique to cells with nonsomatic synapses. The method of
      simulation presented here provides a tool for evaluation of voltage clamp
      analysis of synaptic transmission for any cell with known membrane parameters and
      geometry.

PMID- 169926
TI  - A proton-relaxation enhancement study of the interaction of manganous ions with
      phospholipids in aqueous dispersions.
AB  - An interaction of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS)
      with manganous ions has been investigated by measuring the effect of bound
      manganese upon the longitudinal relaxation rate, 1/T1, of the solvent water
      protons and evaluating the enhancement factor epsilon b. The observed enhancement
      values were used to determine the number of interacting sites per polar head
      group, n, and the values of association constants, KA, of manganese to PC and PS.
      Changes in epsilon b correlate with structural changes at the interacting site.
      By increasing the temperature one can see an abrupt decrease in epsilon b within
      the temperature interval from 40 to 50 degrees C indicating the thermal phase
      transition of PC as established by calorimetry, fluorescence and high-resolution
      NMR measurements. That an enhancement of 1/T1 of the solvent-water protons occurs
      at all is explained by assuming a restricted rotation of the Mn2+-aquo complex in
      the bound state. In addition we suppose that the rotation of the Mn2+-aquo
      complex is the mechanism which dominates the relaxation of the water protons in
      teh bulk solvent when phospholipids are present.

PMID- 169928
TI  - The ESR determination of protein alpha-helicity.

PMID- 169927
TI  - Effect of DNA base composition on the intercalation of proflavine. A kinetic
      study.
AB  - The effect of DNA base composition on the kinetics of the association between DNA
      and proflavine has been investigated using the temperature jump relaxation
      method. It is found that, regardless of the G + C base composition the results
      fit a two step mechanism, the second of which exhibits characteristics of
      intercalation of proflavine into DNA. However, they two equilibrium constants
      corresponding to these steps, KI and KII, depend on the nature of the DNAs. The
      constant KI is found to be an order of magnitude greater for M. lysodeikticus DNA
      (72% G + C) than for calf thymus DNA (48% G + C). Increasing G-C content thus
      appears to favor the intermediate non-intercalated complex of proflavine with
      DNA. Methylation of M. lysodeikticus DNA with dimethyl sulfate, preferentially
      yielding N7 methyl guanine as the modified base, again leads to an apparent two
      step mechanism, with the value of KI unchanged with respect to untreated DNA,
      while the affinity of proflavine for the intercalated complex measured by the
      value of KII increases for methylated DNA.

PMID- 169929
TI  - Acute monoblastic leukemia: diagnosis and treatment of ten cases.
AB  - During a large clinicopathologic study of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL),
      ten patients were identified in whom the leukemic blasts demonstrated striking
      morphologic and cytochemical similarities and who seemed to form a specific
      subgroup of ANLL. The patients' leukemic blasts were studied in routine blood and
      bone marrow preparations and by cytochemical and ultrastructural techniques. In
      routine smears, the blasts showed no clear evidence of differentiation.
      Cytochemically, the blasts exhibited strongly positive nonspecific esterase
      activity, which was completely inhibited by incubation with sodium fluoride, and
      were myeloperoxidase and sudan black B negative. Ultrastructural features of the
      blasts were similar to those described for monocytic leukemias. Striking clinical
      features included the occurrence primarily in young patients, the high frequency
      of lymphadenopathy at presentation, and the high incidence of post-treatment
      disseminated intravascular coagulation. Complete remissions were frequently
      initially obtained with duanorubicin in combination with various other agents and
      later in the disease with VP16-213. Based on the cytochemical and ultrastructural
      features, we concluded that this form of ANLL was a variety of acute monocytic
      leukemia. Recognition of the entity is important for optimal therapy.

PMID- 169931
TI  - The effects of tetraphenylboron on neuromuscular transmission in the frog.
AB  - 1 The effect of tetraphenylboron (TPB) were studied on the frog sciatic nerve
      sartorius muscle preparation. 2 TPB (0.01-1 mM) blocked indirectly elicited
      twitches of the preparation. 3 TPB (0.01-0.1 mM) produced no depolarization but
      lowered membrane resistance. TPB increased miniature endplate potential
      (m.e.p.p.) frequency, the rate of rise of the endplate potential (e.p.p.), and
      slowed the rate of rise and rate of fall of the muscle action potential. 4 In
      Mg2+ solutions the quantal content of e.p.ps was initially increased by TPB (0.01
      mM). This was followed by a decrease of e.p.p. and m.e.p.p. amplitudes,
      accompanied by a lack of e.p.p. failures. 5 Larger concentrations of TPB (0.1 mM)
      produced an increase in e.p.p. amplitude followed by the sudden abolition of
      e.p.ps. This effect was associated with abolition of the nerve terminal spike. 6
      TPB (0.1 mM) exhibited no postjunctional blocking action. 7 The results indicate
      that TPB acts prejunctionally, initially causing an increased release of
      acetylcholine. Subsequently, transmitter output is reduced by a reduction of
      quantal size.

PMID- 169932
TI  - An inhibitory effect of atropine on responses of the vas deferens of the mouse to
      field stimulation.
AB  - 1 Atropine is shown to impair responses of the vas deferens of the mouse to field
      stimulation by acting at a site proximal to the smooth muscle cells. 2 The
      inhibitory effect of atropine is prevented by desmethylimipramine and reversed by
      dexamphetamine, and appears similar to the adrenergic-neurone blockade of
      guanethidine. 3 Electronmicroscopical studies show the presence in vas of
      presumptive noradrenergic axons which have acetylcholinesterase reaction product
      associated with their axolemmae. 4 These results are discussed in relation to the
      controversial hypothesis of a 'cholinergic link' in noradrenergic transmission.

PMID- 169933
TI  - The effects of cyclic N-2-O-dibutyryl- adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, adrenaline
      and aminophylline on the isometric contractility of the isolated hemidiaphragm of
      the rat.
AB  - 1 N-2-O-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (db cyclic AMP), adrenaline and
      aminophylline produce a potentiation of the tension developed (Td) and the
      maximum rate of rise of tension (dT/dt max) in the rat isolated diaphragm during
      indirect electrical stimulation. Aminophylline and db cyclic AMP also produce the
      same effect during direct stimulation. 2 Propranolol produced a depression of the
      action of adrenaline on Td and dT/dt max during indirect stimulation of the
      diaphragm. On the other hand, the potentiating actions of db cyclic AMP and of
      aminophylline on Td and dT/dt max during indirect stimulation were unaffected by
      propranolol. 3 The results support the idea that cyclic AMP may be involved not
      only in regulating the processes associated with synthesis, mobilization and
      storage of transmitter in the motor nerve terminal, but also in modifying some
      metabolic processes which regulate the function of the contractile elements.

PMID- 169934
TI  - Some characteristics of pre- and post-synaptic inhibitory receptors at the hermit
      crab neuromuscular junction.
AB  - 1 The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), beta-guanidinopropionic acid
      (betaGP) and picrotoxin on the pre- and post-synaptic receptors of the hermit
      crab neuromuscular junction were studied quantitatively usine
      electrophysiological techniques. Reductions in excitatory junction potential
      (e.j.p.) amplitude and membrane resistance were measured simultaneously from the
      same cells. 2 The pre- and post-synaptic receptors were activated by the same
      order of concentration of GABA, whereas betaGP stimulated the pre-synaptic
      receptors at a concentration ten times lower than was required to affect the post
      synaptic membrane. 3 Picrotoxin appeared to antagonize the pre-synaptic action of
      betaGP in a competitive manner. The affinity constants (+/- s.e. mean) for
      picrotoxin 5 times 10(-6)M and 2 times 10(-4)M were 6.80(+/-0.46) times 10(5)M-1
      and 6.42(+/-1.8) times 10(5)M-1 respectively. 4 The effect of GABA on e.j.p.
      amplitude also appeared to be antagonized competitively by picrotoxin whereas the
      post-synaptic effect was antagonized in a non-competitive manner. 5 Possible
      differences in the nature of the pre- and post-synaptic receptors are discussed.

PMID- 169935
TI  - Extraction from ox retractor penis of an inhibitory substance which mimics its
      atropine-resistant neurogenic relaxation.
AB  - The inhibitory post-ganglionic transmission in the retractor penis of the ox
      resembles that of the dog and is not cholinergic or adrenergic. Acid extracts of
      this tissue have yielded an unidentified, labile, inhibitory substance which
      mimics the effect of its inhibitory nerves.

PMID- 169936
TI  - The effects of hypercholesterolaemic plasma on vascular sensitivity to
      noradrenaline.
AB  - 1. The pressor responses to injected noradrenaline (NA) of 42 isolated perfused
      femoral arteries of the rabbit were studied. 2. Potentiation of the responses was
      found when hypercholesterolaemic plasma was perfused through the arteries. No
      change was found with normal plasma. 3. Potentiation of the responses was found
      when isolated beta-lipoprotein in Krebs solution was perfused. No change was
      found with similar amounts of bovine-albumen. 4. Pure cholesterol dissolved
      directly into normal plasma, and dissolved via propanol into Krebs solution or
      plasma caused no potentiation. Propanol alone in Krebs or plasma had no effect.
      5. Potentiation was caused by a decreased equilibrium coefficient (Keq) for the
      NA-adrenoceptor interaction and an increased maximal pressor response (Rmax). 6.
      It is concluded that cholesterol carried on its apoprotein is capable of
      potentiating the pressor effects of noradrenaline.

PMID- 169937
TI  - Dopamine-induced amylase secretion from guinea-pig submandibular gland.
AB  - 1. The effects of dopamine, 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA) and noradrenaline on
      amylase secretion from the guinea-pig submandibular gland were investigated under
      in vitro conditions. 2. All three amines greatly enhanced amylase secretion.
      Blockade of dopamine beta-hydroxylase did not inhibit the response to dopamine.
      3. Noradrenaline and dopamine stimulated amylase release from salivary glands of
      reserpine-treated animals, whereas 5-OHDA had no stimulatory effect on secretion
      in guinea-pigs pretreated with reserpine. 4. Haloperidol completely inhibited
      dopamine-induced enzyme discharge, but did not affect noradrenaline-initiated
      secretion. 5. Apomorphine caused a slight enzyme release by itself; it diminished
      the dopamine secretory effect, but did not modify that of noradrenaline. 6.
      Pimozide and fluspirilene attenuated the dopamine-induced enzyme discharge, but
      compared with haloperidol they were less effective. 7. It is concluded that
      dopamine exerts a secretagogic action different from that of noradrenaline. The
      possible presence of a specific dopamine receptor in salivary glands is
      discussed.

PMID- 169938
TI  - Fatal Clostridium welchii septicaemia following acute cholecystitis.
AB  - A case of Clostridium welchii septicaemia following acute cholecystitis is
      described. The onset was acute and a rapidly fatal outcome ensued. Radiological
      findings were negative. An approach to the antibiotic treatment and general
      management is discussed.

PMID- 169939
TI  - Value of infarct-specific isotope (99mTc-labelled stannous pyrophosphate) in
      myocardial scanning.
AB  - With the use of 99mTc-labelled stannous pyrophosphate scans positive for
      myocardial infarction were obtained from 28 patients in the acute stage of the
      disease. In some cases the scan was positive when the initial electrocardiogram
      gave equivocal results. Negative scans were obtained from a control group of
      patients and from eight patients in hospital with chest pain but with no other
      evidence of recent myocardial infarction.

PMID- 169940
TI  - Letter: Serum immunoglobulins in herpes virus infections.

PMID- 169941
TI  - Editorial: Virus of infantile gastroenteritis.

PMID- 169943
TI  - Bran in hypertriglyceridaemia: a failure of response.

PMID- 169942
TI  - Arsine toxicity aboard the Asiafreighter.
AB  - Eight sailors on board the Asiafreighter were exposed to arsine that had escaped
      from a cylinder in the cargo hold. Four suffered severe toxicity and within a few
      hours had developed fever, weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain,
      and haemoglobinuria. These patients had pronounced intravascular haemolysis,
      which in one patient was complete. This patient was also stuporose and anoxic, a
      condition attributed to failure of oxygen transport and sludging of red cell
      debris in the cerebral and pulmonary circulations, but he regained a normal level
      of consciousness after exchange transfusion. Evidence of marrow depression was
      present: the reticulocyte response to the haemolysis was poor and there was a
      thrombocytopenia. All four patients developed renal failure, one being totally
      anuric for five weeks. Two patients developed peripheral neuropathy, and one was
      still severely disabled six months after the incident. The other four patients
      had a similar, though less severe, illness.

PMID- 169944
TI  - Letter: The aflatoxin-hepatoma-HBAg story.

PMID- 169945
TI  - Letter: Adverse reactions to prazosin.

PMID- 169946
TI  - Ascites and renal failure in primary liver cell carcinoma.

PMID- 169947
TI  - Serum lipids and lipoproteins in children with kwashiorkor.

PMID- 169948
TI  - Editorial: The several viruses of post-transfusion hepatitis.

PMID- 169949
TI  - Antagonism by indomethacin of diuretic response to calcitonin in man.

PMID- 169950
TI  - Treatment of wounds from animals suspected of carrying neurotropic viruses.
AB  - The methods used at the Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, to
      treat wounds potentially infected with neurotropic viruses are outlined. Emphasis
      is laid on first aid and on surgical attention. Patients should remain under
      medical supervision for at least four weeks after the injury, the need for
      specific post-exposure treatment depending on the nature of the exposure.

PMID- 169951
TI  - Test for left-right chemospecificity in frog cutaneous nerves.
AB  - Studies of the effects of competitive reinnervation by left and right cutaneous
      nerves were carried out in Rana pipiens in an effort to test for the existence of
      left-right biochemical differentiation of neural tissue. The dorsal cutaneous
      nerves were cut, transposed and allowed to regenerate under different conditions
      of denervation and competition and the resultant reinnervation and reflex
      patterns were determined by behavioral and electrophysiological mapping
      techniques. Contrary to earlier findings, there was no indication in the present
      investigation that the growth patterns were influenced by the laterality of the
      fibers. Other factors such as availability of terminal sites created by complete
      or partial denervation and the tendency of fibers to seek terminal connections
      seemed to override any qualifications imposed by the existence of lateral
      specificity on the formation of terminal contacts.

PMID- 169952
TI  - Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate in mouse cerebral cortex during homocysteine
      convulsions and their prevention by sodium phenobarbital.

PMID- 169953
TI  - Endogenous phosphorylation of four cerebral cortical membrane proteins: role of
      cyclic nucleotides, ATP and divalent cations.
AB  - Endogenous phosphorylation of 4 membrane-bound protein components of cerebral
      cortex was studied in vitro. Cyclic AMP was shown to stimulate phosphorylation to
      a major extent in protein components designated D, E and G, but to a minor extent
      in protein component F. The time course of phosphorylation of each of these
      components is affected differently by (a) the presence of cyclic nucleotides or
      zinc ions and (b) the concentration of ATP and magnesium ions in the reaction
      mixture. Although a different membrane preparation was used here than by Ueda et
      al., molecular weight determination and response to divalent cations, magnesium
      and zinc, suggest that components D and E may be the same as their proteins I and
      II. The newly described phosphoproteins, F and G, are respectively the least and
      most stimulated by the addition of cyclic AMP. Under certain conditions phosphate
      content in protein E can be increased by cyclic AMP and decreased by cyclic
      GMP.23Author

PMID- 169954
TI  - 2-Chloroadenosine-dependent elevation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate
      levels in rat caudate nucleus slices.

PMID- 169955
TI  - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH): apparent receptor binding in rat brain
      membranes.
AB  - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) binds to membranes of rat brain tissue via
      high- and low-affinity binding components. The high-affinity binding of TRH to
      brain membranes resembles binding to pituitary membranes in terms of its affinity
      and specificity for most peptides. In equilibrium studies, the affinity and
      specificity for most peptides. In equilibrium studies, the dissociation constant
      for high-affinity binding to brain membranes is about 50 dissociation constant
      for high-affinity binding to brain membranes is about 50nM, which is about the
      same as for aat pituitary membranes, while low-affinity binding to brain
      membranes has a dissociation constant of about 5 muM. Liver membranes display low
      affinity binding for TRH with a dissociation constant similar to the low-affinity
      binding component of brain membranes. No high-affinity binding can be detected
      with liver membranes. Negligible saturable binding to TRH can be detected with
      membranes of any tissues examined other than liver, pituitary and brain...

PMID- 169956
TI  - The effects of cell isolation techniques on neuronal membrane receptors.

PMID- 169957
TI  - Effect of ACTH4-10 on the rate of synthesis of [3H]catecholamines in the brains
      of intact, hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized rats.

PMID- 169958
TI  - Inhibitory interactions between group Ia masseter afferents and labial
      mechanosensitive input in man.

PMID- 169959
TI  - Localization of CNS glucoregulatory insulin receptors within the ventromedial
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 169960
TI  - 3-Acetylpyridine: a tool to inhibit the tremor and the increase of cGMP content
      in cerebellar cortex elicited by harmaline.

PMID- 169961
TI  - Intracellular responses of caudate output neurons to orthodromic stimulation.

PMID- 169962
TI  - Inputs from the posterior lateral line nerves upon the goldfish Mauthner cell. I.
      Properties and synaptic localization of the excitatory component.

PMID- 169963
TI  - Maturational changes in auditory transmission as reflected in human brain stem
      potentials.

PMID- 169964
TI  - Role of fetoneonatal estrogen binding proteins in the associations of estrogen
      with neonatal brain cell nuclear receptors.

PMID- 169965
TI  - Inferior quality of RSA during paradoxical sleep in rats with hereditary diabetes
      insipidus.

PMID- 169966
TI  - Metabolic responses of the awake cerebral cortex to anoxia hypoxia spreading
      depression and epileptiform activity.
AB  - Using the time sharing fluorometer/reflectometer the measurement of NADH
      fluorescence as well as the reflected light was obtained from the surface of the
      awake rat brain cortex. The light was transferred to and from the brain via a
      flexible light pipe (made of quartz fibers) connected to a cannula implanted
      permanently above the brain. Exposing the rat to pure nitrogen atmosphere
      increased the fluorescence (reduction of NADH) by 32.3 +/- 6.1% in comparison to
      the normoxic fluorescence level. During cortical spreading depression (SD) the
      NADH fluorescence decreased (oxidation of NADH) by 17.3 +/- 2.8%. Exposing the
      rat to nitrogen after SD was elicited blocked the oxidation cycle observed during
      SD. Exposing the awake ras to 10, 7.5 or 5% O2 did not block the response of the
      brain to spreading depression or to Metrazol applied locally to the cortex. Under
      hypoxic conditions the brain showed a typical response to SD, namely, an
      oxidation cycle of NADH except that the duration of the cycle was longer and the
      decrease in the NADH level was smaller. The EEG activity recovered to normal even
      under 5%. The same effect of hypoxia was found when Metrazol was applied and
      epileptic activity was developed.

PMID- 169967
TI  - Recruitment and firing rate modulation of motor unit tension in a small muscle of
      the cat's foot.
AB  - Maintained contractions were elicited in the first deep lumbrical muscle of the
      cat's foot by electrical stimulation of the contralateral motor cortex or,
      reflexly, by pinching of the foot pad. The discharges of all significant motor
      units of the muscle were monitored by electromyography, and contractions of the
      various motor units were observed in isometric recordings of muscle tension. Over
      a wide range, muscle tension could be enhanced by an increased intensity of pad
      pinching or cortical stimulation. This increase in muscle tension was caused by a
      recruitment of new motor units as well as by an increase in the firing rate of
      already active motor units. The latter mechanism was clearly of great importance.
      Pad pinching or cortical stimulation could sometimes cause the muscle to produce
      a tension close to that of a maximum tetanic contraction. This was several times
      greater than the mean tension that would have been caused by motor unit
      recruitment alone (i.e. by the motor units firing at their minimum steady rate).
      Cortical stimulation as well as pad pinching commonly recruited weak units more
      easily than stronger ones of the same muscle. The recruitment order obtained in
      response to pad pinching often differed, however, in various details from the
      recruitment caused by cortical stimulation.

PMID- 169968
TI  - Evaluation of inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines.
AB  - Sixty-five calves of approximately three months of age and of mixed sex were
      vaccinated twice at four week intervals with either attenuated or inactivated
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines. Following initial vaccination there
      was no demonstrable serum infectious bovine rhinotracheitis titer in any of the
      calves receiving the inactivated vaccine with 20.7% of the calves receiving the
      attenuated vaccines having demonstrable titers. Following a second administration
      of vaccine at eight weeks post-initial vaccination 63.9% of the calves receiving
      the inactivated vaccine had no demonstrable titer with 72.4% of the calves
      receiving the attenuated vaccine exhibiting a blood titer of four or greater.

PMID- 169969
TI  - Identification of multiple equine infectious anemia antigens by immunodiffusion
      reactions.
AB  - Equine infectious anemia (EIA) cell antigens prepared from infected equine
      spleen, equine leukocyte cultures or a persistently infected equine dermis cell
      line contained at least two serologically reacting components. For convenience
      one component was designated as soluble antigen (SA) and the other as cell
      associated antigen (CAA). The SA appeared as a single component when it was
      prepared from EIA virus precipitated from infectious tissue culture fluid with
      polyethylene glycol and ether treated but it was mixed with CAA when the source
      was infected cells. Cytolytic or mechanical disruption of infected cells appeared
      to accelerate the release of CAA. Reaction to each component could be identified
      in double and radial immunodiffusion tests by increasing the concentrations of SA
      in a two-component antigenic mixture. The CAA component does not appear to affect
      the value of the immunodiffusion test as a diagnostic aid.

PMID- 169970
TI  - In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of Mycoplasmas isolated from the bovine
      genital tract.
AB  - The in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of 14 mycoplasma and 13 ureaplasma strains
      isolated from the genital tracts of bulls was examined. It was found that at
      relatively low concentrations, tetracycline, declomycin and tylosin were lethal
      to both types of organisms. Lincospectin, berenil, streptomycin and erythromycin
      were lethal to mycoplasmas but were only inhibitory to the ureaplasma strains at
      the same concentrations. Polymyxin B and novobiocin were ineffective at the
      levels tested.

PMID- 169971
TI  - Viral susceptibility of a cell line derived from the pig oviduct.
AB  - Seventeen of 24 RNA viruses and eight of nine DNA viruses replicated in a cell
      line derived from a pig fallopian tube. The following RNA viruses grew poorly in
      it: the virus of transmissible gastroenteritis of pig and the swine-influenza,
      Sendai and bovine para-influenza type 3 viruses. Among other RNA viruses an
      untyped swine para-myxovirus and some picornaviruses, rhabdoviruses and
      togaviruses attained high titers and produced an extensive cytopathic effect.
      Among the DNA viruses a porcine adeno, equine rhinopneumonitis, infectious bovine
      rhinotraceheitis, pseudorabies and porcine cytomegalo viruses replicated in pig
      fallopian tube cells as well as in other cells generally used to grow them.

PMID- 169972
TI  - Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of swine: effect of age of swine testes cells
      culture monolayers on plaque assays of TGE virus.
AB  - A continuous line of swine testes cell culture monolayers was infected at various
      ages with both cell culture-adapted transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus and
      tissue infected with TGE virus. Both produced increasing numbers of plaques as
      the cell monolayers aged from two to five days. Therefore, allowing the swine
      testes cell monolayer to age five to six days before inoculation should increase
      the likelihood of detecting TGE virus by plaque assay.

PMID- 169973
TI  - An outbreak of avian encephalomyelitis in turkeys in Canada.
AB  - An outbreak of avian encephalomyelitis in two week old turkey poults is
      described. The disease was diagnosed by the fluorescent antibody technique and
      was confirmed by neutralization tests conducted in chicks.

PMID- 169974
TI  - An adrenal cell system suitable for long term study of factors affecting
      steroidogenesis.
AB  - Cell suspensions of normal adult rad adrenals have been prepared by
      trypsinization and incubated in Ham's nutrient mixture F10 containing horse
      serum, fetal calf serum, and lima bean trypsin inhibitor. In most experiments
      culture medium was not changed during incubation. In this system the number of
      cells fell to 50% after 2 days, then slowly declined to 20% after 1 month of
      incubation. A corticosterone (B) response was seen to as little as 5 muU of ACTH
      per millilitre, a concentration which is within the range found in normal rat
      serum. With maximal stimulation (100 mU ACTH/ml) the rate of accumulation was
      highest during the first 24 h then slowly decreased over the following 9 days.
      When in separate experiments ACTH was added after various times of incubation up
      to 3 weeks, there was a B response which continued for as long as 1 week after
      the ACTH was added; the later the time at which ACTH was added the lesser was the
      initial B response and the longer the lag period before a substantial response
      occurred. In cell suspensions in medium containing 5.0 mequiv. of K+ per litre,
      aldosterone content increased for approximately 24 h, then showed little or no
      change over the next 9 days. With increased K+ concentration, aldosterone was
      found in greater amounts and accumulation continued for longer periods, both
      without and with ACTH. This adrenal cell system appears suitable for long term
      study of factors affecting steroidogenesis.

PMID- 169975
TI  - Adrenocorticotropin secretion rates following histamine injection in adult and
      newborn dogs.
AB  - The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) for ACTH in adult dogs was previously shown
      not to vary significantly with varying plasma ACTH concentrations or among dogs.
      This is confirmed here for pups aged 1-7 days. Hence, ACTH secretion rates can be
      continuously calculated from a continuous function of plasma ACTH vs. time. Each
      of seven adult dogs under Nembutal anesthesia received two or three intravenous
      (i.v.) injections of histamine with increasing doses. The first injections in
      each dog ranged from 7 to 50 mug/kg, while the last dose was 62-108 mug/kg. A
      total of 16 injections were given. Twelve pups (two litters of six) aged 1-7 days
      each received one injection of histamine of 76-116 mug/kg (i.v.). ACTH
      concentrations in plasma were determined by an adrenal cell suspension bioassay
      before, and 6 times after each injection. Nine pups also underwent determinations
      of their MCR for ACTH, with plateau concentrations determined at three times
      during an ACTH infusion. Continuous curves of ACTH secretion rates were
      calculated for all 28 histamine injections, showing that all except the 1-day-old
      pups secrete considerable ACTH when stressed. Compared to adult dogs, the pups
      show lower secretion rate peaks and shorter periods of rapid secretion. Changes
      in plasma glucocorticoids also suggest that the adrenal cortex of newborn dogs
      can respond to ACTH by increased glucocorticoid secretion.

PMID- 169976
TI  - Uncoupling of lipolysis from cyclic AMP by procaine: a tool for studying the
      mechanism of action of antilipolytic agents.
AB  - The initial rate of net glycerol release in norepinephrine-stimulated adipose
      tissue fragments was inhibited (40-78%) by procaine-HCl (1-5mM), whereas basal
      (unstimulated) lipolysis was unaffected. A dose-related inhibition of
      norepinephrine-induced lipolysis by procaine-HCl (0.1-1 mM) also occurred in
      adipocytes. Procaine-induced antilipolysis was associated with an augmented
      rather than a reduced hormone-stimulated increment in intracellular cyclic AMP.
      The dissociation of lipolysis from cyclic AMP accumulation has been termed the
      uncoupling effect of procaine. This effect of procaine was employed to define the
      precise mechanism of action of the antilipolytic drug clofibrate (Atromid-S)
      which inhibits lipolysis by reducing cyclic AMP. A reduction in cyclic AMP by
      clofibrate was demonstrated in norepinephrine-stimulated cells exposed to
      procaine (uncoupled system). Thus, the inhibitory effect of clofibrate on cyclic
      AMP could not be attributed to accumulation of products of lipolysis. Because
      neither procaine-HCl nor clofibrate had any effect on the low Km 3':5'-cyclic-AMP
      phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) activity in hormone stimulated cells, the
      clofibrate-induced reduction in cyclic AMP was attributed to its direct action on
      adipocyte adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 169977
TI  - [Nitrosoguanidine-induced attenuated Clostridium perfringens type A mutant in gas
      gangrene].
AB  - A fully virulent classical type A strain of Clostridium perfringens was treated
      during its logarithmic growth phase with 100 mug/ml of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine, the bacteria being exposed to the mutagen for 30 min at 37
      degrees C in a phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 6.2; after treatment the
      suspension was streaked on sheep blood agar plates, and colonies that showed an
      alteration in the theta-hemolysis pattern were selected for isolation. The
      virulence of two mutants, thus altered in their theta-hemolysis, was studied.
      One, designated LNG 5, was still capable of killing most of the inoculated guinea
      pigs in less than 24 h with all the clinical, macroscopic, and bacteriological
      signs of gas gangrene; however, histological sections showed that tissue damage
      was not as marked as with the wild strain. On the contrary, the second mutant,
      labelled LNG 11, was completely avirulent as far as gas gangrene was concerned;
      indeed, the injection of fluid cultures containing 1 times 10(8) - 10(9)/ml
      viable bacteria, was not followed by any clinical, bacteriological, or
      histological signs of gas gangrene. However, strain LNG 11 did give rise to a
      firm swelling of the inoculated thigh with a corresponding acute inflammatory
      response of the connective tissue, although the muscle fiber was unaltered.
      Eventually, this local reaction was followed by necrosis of the skin accompanied
      by an acute or subacute inflammation with fibroblastic proliferation. These
      superficial lesions healed spontaneously. They could not be reproduced with crude
      filtrate alone or with washed bacilli. Strain LNG 11 was therefore considered to
      be soletly an attenuated strain since, although avirulent as far as gas gangrene
      is concerned. it is still capable of producing low levels of toxic material. This
      appears to be the first time that such a strain of C. perfringens type A has been
      obtained by nitrosoguanidine treatment.

PMID- 169978
TI  - Supersensitivity of central neurons--a brief review of an emerging concept.
AB  - The concept that "denervation" or "pharmacological disuse" supersensitivity
      develops in central neuronal systems subsequent to sustained attenuation of
      normal neurohumoral mechanisms is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on
      biochemical and electrophysiological parameters of supersensitivity in
      dopaminergic (striatal) neuronal systems. The possible applicability of theories
      invoking changes in receptor sensitivity to the phenomenon of narcotic tolerance
      and physical dependence and to psychoactive drug therapy is discussed.

PMID- 169979
TI  - Pituitary melanocorticotrophinoma with amyloid deposition.
AB  - The light and electron microscopic features of a pituitary adenoma composed of
      adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
      cells with perivascular amyloid deposition is reported. Histochemical and fine
      structural data indicate that this material is APUDamyloid and is present in the
      extra-cellular perivascular spaces. It is suggested that the differences in fine
      structure and of distribution of the amyloid in pituitary adenomas is dependent
      upon the cell of origin.

PMID- 169980
TI  - Why transcortical reflexes?
AB  - Experiments in humans and in monkeys have indicated that load perturbations,
      occurring during voluntary movements and postural activity, may be automatically
      compensated for. Overall muscle stiffness opposing load changes is determined by
      the visco-elastic properties of the muscle, by segmental reflex actions and
      finally by long-loop reflexes. Under certain circumstances, for instance when the
      subject or the experimental monkey is "prepared" to counteract perturbations
      which are unpredictable in time, the long-loop "reflexes" appear to be
      responsible for most of the corrective muscle tension. Experiments in
      anaesthetized monkeys revealed that signals from stretch afferents reach neurons
      of the motor cortex, possibly via a relay in the cortical area 3a. The latencies
      of these responses to well controlled muscle stretches were in the same range as
      motor cortical cell discharges recorded in alert monkeys subjected to load
      perturbations. Furthermore, these responses of cells in the motor cortex also had
      the appropriate timing to indicate a causal relationship with the long-latency
      electromyographic responses to load changes referred to above. These experimental
      results therefore strongly support the hypothesis, first proposed by Phillips
      (1969), of a transcortical servo-loop adjusting motor cortical output according
      to the load conditions in which  movements are performed. The major advantage of
      transcortical regulations as opposed to segmental regulations, seems to be a
      powerful gain control acting at the cortical level; it was repeatedly shown that
      the long-loop reflexes are strongly modifiable and under voluntary control. It is
      suggested that an adaptive gain control at the cortical level is a prerequisite
      to preserve the complex capabilities of the motor cortex as the chief "executive"
      for skilled, preprogrammed movements. A loss of this adaptive gain control may
      be, at least partly, the cause of motor disorders such as rigidity in
      Parkinsonian patients, as reported by Tatton and Lee (1975). It is suggested that
      further investigations of the control of transcortical reflexes may aid in the
      understanding of the pathophysiology of motor disabilities.

PMID- 169981
TI  - Letter to the editor: A field trial to evaluate an intranasal infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis vaccine.

PMID- 169982
TI  - Prognosis and treatment of Wilms' tumor at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick
      Children--1960-1972.
AB  - Eighty-one children with a diagnosis of Wilms' tumor who were treated at the
      Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children between 1960 and 1972 are
      reviewed. The National Wilms' Tumor Study group staging system is used.
      Distribution by age and sex in each stage together with survival rate is given.
      Treatment and prognostic factors are discussed. Wilms' tumor is most common in
      children below the age of 3 years. There was a survival rate of 87% in Stage I,
      36% in Stage II, 8% in Stage III, and 33% in Stage IV. The survival was worse in
      patients with locally advanced tumor than in patients who had pulmonary
      metastases in association with a locally resectable tumor. Whole abdominal
      irradiation is necessary in all patients in whom the tumor has breached the renal
      capsule. Single agent chemotherapy has not proved effective in preventing relapse
      in patients with advanced tumors. More intensive therapy is needed in this group
      to prevent both local recurrence and distant metastases. The addition of multiple
      drug chemotherapy to nephrectomy and whole abdominal irradiation is already
      improving the disease-free survival.

PMID- 169983
TI  - Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with adriamycin. Preliminary communication.
AB  - In a Phase II clinical trial, 14 patients with histologically proven primary
      hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with adriamycin administered intravenously
      at a dose of 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. All 11 evaluable patients responded with 3
      exhibiting complete tumor regression after two, three, and five courses of
      adriamycin respectively. The remission durations for these 3 were 3, 6, and 7
      months, and their survivals were 8, 9, and 13 months, respectively. The median
      survival of the evaluable patients is 8 months (range 1-13 months). The side
      effects encountered included myelosuppression, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and
      alopecia. Adriamycin seems to be an effective agent in hepatocellular carcinoma.
      Further trials are underway to test its true efficacy both singly and in
      combination with other drugs in the management of this tumor.

PMID- 169984
TI  - Treatment of grade III and IV astrocytoma with dimethyl triazeno imidazole
      carboxamide (DTIC, NSC-45388) alone and in combination with CCNU (NSC-79037) or
      methyl CCNU (MeCCNU, NSC-95441).
AB  - The effectiveness of DTIC in the treatment of Grade III and IV astrocytomas was
      analyzed in two phases. In the first phase, 14 patients (Group A) with
      progressive neurologic dysfunction following primary treatment were treated with
      DTIC alone (8 patients) or in combination with CCNU or methyl CCNU (6 patients)
      and evaluated for change in neurologic status. Five of the 8 treated with DTIC
      responded symptomatically for a median duration of 18 weeks, and 3 of 6 treated
      with the combination of drugs responded for a median duration of 12 weeks. In the
      second phase, 15 patients (Group B) were treated within 4 weeks of surgical
      resection with radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with DTIC and/or
      MeCCNU. These patients were followed for survival and compared to a historical
      control group of 15 patients (Group C) treated with surgery and radiation only.
      The drug-treated group had a median survival of 55 weeks, compared to 35 weeks
      for the control group. Hematologic toxicity was life threatening in 2 of 14
      patients treated with combination drugs, but mild with DTIC alone. DTIC appears
      to be active against malignant astrocytomas. Survival may be lengthened by
      combining chemotherapy with surgery and radiation therapy.

PMID- 169985
TI  - Ectopic placental proteins in nontrophoblastic tumors. Serial measurements
      following chemotherapy.
AB  - Four men with metastatic carcinoma (two bronchus, one stomach, one primary
      unknown) and ectopic placental protein production (one chorionic gonadotropin
      (hCG and its alpha subunit; one placental lactogen (hPL); one hCG alone; one hCG
      and hPL) were studied with serial retrospective measurements of the ectopic
      protein concentrations in serum, correlated with objective assessment of clinical
      status. The biochemical marker and clinical response were documented during
      treatment with a variety of agents and during periods without therapy. Of nine
      assessable periods, seven showed concordance of biochemical marker and clinical
      responses.

PMID- 169986
TI  - Herpes simplex encephalitis in Hodgkins disease. Isolation of drug-sensitive
      virus from brain following unsuccessful treatment with idoxuridine.
AB  - Herpes simplex encephalitis developed in a patient with Hodgkin's disease under
      therapy. Despite treatment with idoxuridine in a total dose of 280 mg/kg
      intravenously, he died without showing any clinical response. At autopsy, there
      was no gross or microscopic evidence of Hodgkin's disease, and virus isolated
      from the brain postmortem was inhibited in vitro by idoxuridine 0.5 mug/ml.
      Failure of idoxuridine to affect the course of infection by a drug-sensitive
      virus may be due to poor tissue penetration, although the role of the Hodgkin's
      disease cannot be discounted.

PMID- 169987
TI  - Ultrastructure of human bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma.
AB  - Ultrastructural features were correlated with a series of special staining
      reactions in eight cases of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. Ultrastructural, all
      tumors were similarly composed of large cells with abundant cytoplasm and small
      nuclei in close contact with each other. Straight membranes or complex
      interdigitations occurred within adjacent tumor cells, attached to each other by
      scattered desmosomes. Microvilli or cilia abutted from free surfaces of the
      cells, and were noted in different stages of evolution. Numerous organelles were
      seen in the cytoplasm, including prominent mitochondria and single or coalescent
      secretory vacuoles with granular matrix resembling mucin. Other cytosomes less
      commonly found were irregular, partially lamellated inclusions and dark,
      homogeneous structures without limiting membranes. The stroma of the tumors was
      rich in elastin and collagen. Both the number of secretory vacuoles in the
      cytoplasm of tumor cells and the amount of connective tissue fibrils in the
      stroma of the tumors correlated well with the findings in the series of special
      staining reactions. No definite ultrastructural feature was present to identify
      the tumors as orginating from Type II alveolar epithelial cells, but the
      possibility exists that they arose in the bronchiole, from undifferentiated basal
      cells or mucinous cells per se. Our impression in these eight cases studied is
      consistent with the view that bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas are
      indistinguishable at the ultrastructural level from other bronchogenic
      adenocarcinomas.

PMID- 169988
TI  - An ultrastructural study of mixed hepatoblastoma with osteoid elements.
AB  - A case of mixed hepatoblastoma with osteoid elements was studied by light and
      electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the epithelial elements showed a lack
      of differentiation and simple cytoplasmic organelles. However, an occasional
      cytoplasmic crystalloid structure were seen. The ultrastructure of the osteoid
      foci showed fibroblast-like cells capable of collagen formation, clearly
      distinguishable from the epithelial elements. These cells had neoplastic
      characteristics of nuclear pleomorphism and high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. These
      findings support the belief that hepatoblastoma arises from a multipotential
      blastema capable of both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation, with the
      osteoid elements being an intrinsic neoplastic component of the tumor.

PMID- 169989
TI  - Primary liver cancer coincident with Schistosomiasis japonica. A study of 24
      necropsies.
AB  - The etiologic relationship of parasitic liver disease to primary liver cancer has
      long been debated. For this reason, a review of 4611 necropsies was carried out
      to determine the frequency with which hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in
      association with schistosomiasis. Of 227 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 24
      (10.6%) were associated with schistosomiasis japonica. This was significantly
      higher than the incidence of this carcinoma without schistosomiasis (2.78%). The
      majority of the 24 cases exhibited the features of a mixed macronodular and
      micronodular cirrhosis (Gall's posthepatitic cirrhosis); this was super-imposed
      upon and caused a masking of schistosomiasis fibrosis. By radioimmunoassay
      hepatitis B antigen was positive in 27% of these cases. A review of the
      literature indicated that chronic schistosomiasis, on its own, is unlikely to be
      the cause of primary liver cell carcinoma. Histologic features resembling post
      hepatitic cirrhosis combined with a high frequency of hepatitis B antigen suggest
      that viral hepatitis rather than S. japonicum is the more likely etiologic factor
      involved, or has a synergistic effect on carcinogenesis.

PMID- 169990
TI  - Disposition of cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63878) and its metabolites: a
      pharmacokinetic simulation.
AB  - A computer-based model of the pharmacokinetics of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C)
      and its active metabolite, ara-CTP, has been developed. This model, which is an
      intracellular extension of the Bischoff-Dedrick model of multi-organ
      pharmcokinetics gives predictions which are in agreement with the recent
      measurements of Chou et al on tissue concentrations of ara-CTP and Borsa et al on
      blood levels of ara-C. It is shown that the ara-CTP halving time in tissue is
      much greater than the ara-C halving time in blood because of low tissue levels of
      phosphatase. For a single dose at the LD10 level in mice, significant splenic DNA
      inhibition is calculated to occur for 26 hours, while the ara-C levels are
      negligible in 6 hours. The calculated duration of cytostatic effect at lower
      dosages (2.5 mg/kg) is 10 or 12 hours, while ara-C blood levels are negligible
      within 3 hours. Implications for cell kinetics and scheduling studies are also
      briefly described.

PMID- 169991
TI  - [Effect of ACTH on extravascular protein circulation in the lymph and blood of
      rams].

PMID- 169992
TI  - Radioautographic study of the rat brain and pituitary after injection of 3H
      dexamethasone.
AB  - The central nervous system and the pituitary of adrenalectomized male rats
      injected with 3H-dexamethasone were examined by radioautography. At 1 hr after
      the injection, radioactivity concentration was high in the medial basal
      hypothalamus, the pituitary and the pineal gland. In the hypothalamus,
      radioactive material was found to be selectively concentrated in neurons in the
      ventral part of nucleus arcuatus and in the infundibular region. In the anterior
      pituitary, a large proportion of cells showed silver grains both in the cytoplasm
      and over the cell nuclei. However, in a small number of cells, the radioactive
      material was associated with the cell nuclei. Less radioactivity was present in
      the intermediate and posterior lobes. The pineal gland contained more silver
      grains than did other regions of the brain. The results obtained in the present
      study suggest essentially an action of dexamethasone in the medial basal
      hypothalamus and at the level of the pituitary.

PMID- 169994
TI  - Ultrastructure of the adenohypophysis in the teleost Poecilia latipinna.
AB  - In the sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna, seven morphological endocrine cell
      types could be distinguished with the electron microscope. Each of these was
      identified with one of the seven cell-types distinguished with the light
      microscope, to most of which endocrine functions have previously been allocated.
      Corticotrophs and prolactin cells form the rostral pars distalis, and the
      proximal pars distalis consists of an outer layer of gonadotrophs and an inner
      zone containing growth hormone cells and thyrotrophs. The pars intermedia
      contains two cell-types, of uncertain function. Stellate cells (interstitial
      cells) occur throughout the adenohypophysis, but are most numerous and prominent
      in the rostral pars distalis. The inner proximal pars distalis contains a cell
      type not previously distinguished in this species with the light microscope, the
      Z-cell, which could be aminergic. The ultrastructural features of each cell-type
      are described in detail, and discussed in comparisons with the homologous cells
      described in other teleosts. There is good agreement for different teleosts in
      the ultrastructural details of each cell type.

PMID- 169993
TI  - Inhibitor induced alterations of chromatoid bodies in male germ line cells of
      Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The action of inhibitors of protein synthesis on the structure of cytoplasmic
      inclusions found in the male germ cell line of the anuran, Xenopus laevis, has
      been studied by light and electron microscopy. Results indicate that one such
      inclusion, the chromatoid body, is sensitive to treatment with either
      chloramphenicol or puromycin. These drugs administered in vivo or in vitro cause
      up to a thirty-fold increase in the volume of the chromatoid body in all stages
      where it is normally present. Maximum size increase obtainable is the same for
      either drug, but is different and characteristic for each germ cell stage. Drug
      action is dose dependent, with "chromatoid body syndrome" occurring over a
      relatively narrow concentration range. Cyclohexamide, in contrast to
      chloramphenicol or puromycin, does not produce a clear increase in the size of
      chromatoid bodies, and is capable of blocking the action of the other drugs at
      normally effective concentrations. Results obtained in this investigation suggest
      that primary spermatogonia contain enough chromatoid body material to account for
      the total amount present in all subsequent germ cell stages. This fact, coupled
      with other studies where chromatoid-like bodies have been observed, suggests the
      hypothesis that the chromatoid body represents at least in part an aggregation
      stage of materials associated with the microtubule population of the germ cell
      line. Alternately, or in addition, ribonucleoprotein may contribute to the
      structure of the chromatoid body.

PMID- 169996
TI  - Ontogenesis of the alpha-MSH, beta-MSH and ACTH cells in the foetal hypophysis of
      the rat. Correlation with the growth of the adrenals and adrenocortical activity.
AB  - Pituitary sections from 15 to 21 day-old rat foetuses have been studied with the
      immunofluorescence technique, using antibodies anti alpha-MSH, anti beta-MSH and
      anti beta (1-24) ACTH. The first ACTH cells appear on day 17 of pregnancy in the
      pars distalis of the hypophysis and only on day 18 in the pars intermedia. beta
      msh cells have been observed on day 16 in the pars anterior and on day 17 in the
      pars intermedia, while alpha-MSH cells appear only on day 18 and exclusively in
      the pars intermedia. The cytodifferentiation of the beta-MSH and ACTH cells
      occurs in the pars intermedia with about a 24 hours delay in comparison to that
      of the pars distalis. The first revealed cells are always located in the
      posterior half of the pituitary gland. The corticostimulating activity of the
      hypophysis has been tested with the fluorescence intensity of the corticotrophs,
      the adrenal weight, the adrenal content in corticosterone and the plasma
      corticosterone level. The fluorescence of the corticotrophs increases on day 18,
      shows a maximum on day 19 and decreases until term. The adrenal weight rises
      regularly between day 16 to day 20, thereafer the increase subsides. Adrenal and
      plasma corticosterone concentrations reach a peak on day 19 of pregnancy. These
      data suggest that hypophyseal corticostimulating activity is very high between
      days 18 and 19 and decreases between days 19 and 21.

PMID- 169995
TI  - Corticoid uptake by the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus of the duck,
      Anas platyrhynchos.
AB  - 3H-corticoids were localized by autoradiography in small neurons in the area of
      the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus of mallard ducks. Correlative data show
      that: (1) the label is principally unmetabolized steroid, (2) the hypothalamus
      competitively binds corticosterone, (3) the paraventricular nucleus contains
      immunoreactive neurophysin, is richly innervated by boutons of monoaminergic
      nerves and is involved in the adaptive response to osmotic stress.

PMID- 169997
TI  - Trophic influences of sympathetic nerves and cyclic AMP on differentiation and
      proliferation of isolated smooth muscle cells in culture.
AB  - Smooth muscle cells of the newborn guinea-pig vas deferens dispersed into single
      cells and grown in culture maintain their differentiation for approximately 5
      days before undergoing dedifferentiation and mitosis. The presence of sympathetic
      nerve fibres in contact with the isolated cells delays this process by 3-7 days
      (Chamley et al., 1974). A similar delay in dedifferentiation of vas deferens
      smooth muscle cells in tissue culture in the presence of sympathetic ganglion
      extract is described in the present report, demonstrating that the trophic effect
      is elicited by a chemical substance. This effect is mimicked by the presence of
      either a confluent layer of RKA epithelial cells, dibutyryl cyclic AMP or
      theophylline. A similar, but considerably weaker, effect is also obtained with
      spinal cord and liver extracts and noradrenaline. Acetylcholine does not show an
      effect. It is suggested that a trophic substance (probably not noradrenaline)
      from sympathetic neurons activates the adenyl cyclase system of smooth muscle
      cells to increase the intracellular level of cyclic AMP which in turn promotes
      and maintains the differentiation of the cultured smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 169998
TI  - The retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells. Light- and electron
      microscopic studies on monkey eyes.
AB  - In the perifoveal retina of the monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops, the melanin
      granules are accumulated in apical cytoplasmatic protrusions of the pigment
      epithelial cells, facing the end of the cones. The rods are inserted deeper into
      the pigment epithelium than the cones; they reach the bottom of the infoldings of
      the apical surface membrane of the pigment epithelial cells. No melanin granules
      or other inclusions are situated at the end of the rods. The outer extremity of
      the rods is considerably inclined and in sections often appears as groups of rod
      discs which are incompletely or completely separated from the main part of the
      outer segments. This separation is regarded as an artifact caused by the
      inclination of the rods, and it is therefore not considered to represent
      phagocytosis of the outer segments by the pigment epithelium. The inclusions of
      the pigment epithelial cells are classified in five categories which seem to be
      related to each other owing to their shared structural characteristics. It is
      suggested that melanin granules are produced, modified and destroyed by the
      pigment epithelial cells of the adult. Because of the relations between the
      photoreceptors and the melanin granules it is suggested that light scattered by
      the melanin granules may pass backwards through the outer segments of the cones,
      but not of the rods.

PMID- 170000
TI  - Immunofluorescent localization of sites binding anti-synthetic LHRH serum in the
      median eminence of the greenfinch (Chloris chloris L.).
AB  - With an indirect immunofluorescence technique and an antiserum raised against
      synthetic LHRH, immunofluorescent granules were observed in fine radially
      oriented fibres in the palisade layer of the zoma externa in both the anterior
      and the posterior divisions of the median eminence in the greenfinch. There was
      no specific immunofluorescence in the tractus supraoptico-hypophyseus. It is
      concluded that the greenfinch median eminence contains material which is similar
      to mammalian LHRH.

PMID- 169999
TI  - Ultrastructural identification of umbilical cord vein endothelium in situ and in
      culture.
AB  - The ultrastructure of human umbilical cord vein endothelium in situ, after
      isolation by collagenase treatment, and in primary culture is described. The
      cultured cells formed a monolayer with typical "butt" and interdigitated
      junctions with specialized areas, and contained Weibel-Palade bodies, rod-shaped
      tubular organelles considered specific of endothelial cells. These morphological
      features were not present in cultures of human skin fibroblasts and fibroblast
      like cells derived from umbilical cords. It is thus concluded that endothelial
      cells retain their characteristic fine structure in primary culture. Simple
      ultrastructural studies can thus be used to identify endothelial cells in
      culture.

PMID- 170001
TI  - Studies on the function of polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA.
AB  - RNAase H was used to remove selectively over 83% of 3' terminal polyadenylic acid
      [poly(A)] from poliovirus RNA. In a single cycle infection with this poly(A)
      deficient RNA, no evidence for multiplication of the RNA was found. To elucidate
      further the function of poliovirus poly (A), the translational capacity of the
      RNAase H-treated and untreated RNA was studied in a cell-free protein
      synthesizing system prepared from HeLa cells. Removal of most of the poly(A) did
      not affect the pattern or amount of polypeptides synthesized. We conclude that
      the poly(A) on poliovirus RNA is probably necessary to the replication of the
      molecule.

PMID- 170002
TI  - Creatine kinase, myokinase, and acetylcholinesterase activities in muscle-forming
      primary cultures of mouse teratocarcinoma cells.
AB  - Multipotential mouse teratocarcinoma cells in embryoid bodies were explanted on
      plastic or collagen substrates. Various modes of cell determination, including
      myogenesis, occurred. The predominant avenue of differentiation soon became
      myogenesis: many multinucleated myotubes formed and yielded an extensive network
      of skeletal muscle fibers. The process does not proceed to normal completion, as
      the fibers have a paucity of striations and are not contractile. Activities of
      several enzymes ordinarily associated with muscle differentiation were examined.
      Acetylcholinesterase activity increases, especially during myotube formation, as
      in normal myogenesis. However, creatine kinase activity rises during myotube
      formation and then drops abnormally, and myokinase activity fails to increase
      appreciably. The fetal isozymic form of creatine kinase is expressed in the
      cultures, although well differentiated solid tumors taken from mice show
      attainment of the adult muscle isozyme type if skeletal muscle is demonstrably
      present. The results are consistent with the interpretation that coordinately
      regulated changes in gene expressions controlling these functions may be required
      for later stages of myogenesis.

PMID- 170003
TI  - Genetic control of chlorophyll biosynthesis in chlamydomonas: analysis of a
      mutant affecting synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid.
AB  - A Mendelian mutation, r-1, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been isolated which
      elevates protoporphyrin accumulation of the Mendelian protoporphyrin mutants brS
      1 and brC-1 more than 20 fold. This increased protoporphyrin accumulation is
      shown to result from increased delta-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in the double
      mutants brS-1 r-1 and brC-1 r-1 over that of brS-1 and brC-1 alone. By itself,
      the r-1 mutation has no detectable protoporphyrin accumulation and has reduced
      levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthesizing activity, chlorophyll,
      protoheme, and cytochrome oxidase activity. The low levels of chlorophyll and
      protoheme in r-1 can be increased by feeding delta-aminolevulinic acid. We
      hypothesize that r-1 may be a mutation of the gene coding for the delta
      aminolevulinic acid synthesizing enzyme which reduces the sensitivity of this
      enzyme to feedback inhibition by protoporphyrin or heme as well as reducing the
      overall activity of the enzyme. Evidence is also presented for a single delta
      aminolevulinic acid synthesizing enzyme serving both chlorophyll and heme
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 170004
TI  - [Hypocalcemic vitamin D-resistant rickets].

PMID- 170005
TI  - [Nonspecific phosphomonoesterases in the gingival tissue during gingivitis
      catarrhalis chronica].

PMID- 170006
TI  - Action mechanism of 2-(2-hydroxy-5-n-hexylphenyl)-8-quinolinol-4-carboxylic acid-
      with special reference to selective inhibition of DNA synthesis in ascites
      hepatoma AH 13 cells in culture.

PMID- 170008
TI  - [Differential organization of rapid eye movements in the paradoxical sleep of two
      inbred mice strains].

PMID- 170007
TI  - [Coprologic survey in Bilharzia infected children of the Adzope region (Ivory
      Coast)].
AB  - During a stool examination survey on 174 bilharzia attained children living in a
      rural area of Ivory Coast, 93% were found to have intestinal parasites mainly
      Entamoeba coli, Necator americanus and Ascaris lumbricoides. The prevalence of
      the cysts of Entamoeba histolytica (4,7%) is lower than the one found in France
      (7%). Concerning the other intestinal parasites, their respective occurrence have
      been compared with those noted in other regions of Ivory Coast and of Africa.

PMID- 170009
TI  - [Effects of theophylline on chemically induced liver tumorogenesis and on bladder
      membranes in rats].
AB  - The addition of theophylline to the diet of rats given the carcinogen 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene did not significantly impair the development of
      hepatomas. In contrast, the feeding of theophylline has been associated to some
      histopathological changes in bladder membrane leading to the occurrence of
      malignant papillomas.

PMID- 170010
TI  - [Interconvertibility of molecular forms of 3'5' cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase of
      human platelets].
AB  - Three forms of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase from human platelets are resolved
      upon sucrose gradient centrifugation : 2.5S (monomer), 4.8S (dimer) and 7S
      (tetramer). They are interconvertible and form an association-dissociation
      equilibrium depending on the concentration of enzyme. The dissociated form has a
      high Km for cyclic AMP (Km : 3-5.10(-4) M) whereas the associated form has a low
      Km (Km : 3-5.10(-5) M).

PMID- 170011
TI  - [Variations in the tissue levels of acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate
      during stimulation of the Torpedo electric organ].

PMID- 170012
TI  - [Complement-fixing antibody in cattle with persistant lymphocytosis. Preliminary
      results with French livestock].

PMID- 170014
TI  - [Pralidoxime prevents certain teratogenic effects induced by bidrin in quail
      embryos].
AB  - Bidrin treatment of quail embryos results in axial anomalies as well as
      malformations of the beak and the limbs. Whereas the administration of
      pralidoxime to teratogen-treated embryos prevents the appearance of the axial
      anomalies, the morphogenesis of the beak and limbs remains profoundly altered.

PMID- 170013
TI  - [Androgen receptors in the cytosol of normal mucosa and of pharyngo-laryngeal
      epitheliomas in humans].
AB  - Specific binding for 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone has been characterized in
      cytosol fraction from human pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosae. The high binding
      affinity of the protein receptor (Kd 2 x 10(-10)M) and its low capacity are
      similar in both sexes, and similar in both normal mucosa and epithelioma.

PMID- 170015
TI  - [Ultrastructural observations of the velamentous astrocyte impregnated by Golgi's
      method].
AB  - Electron microscopy of the velamentous astrocyte in the cat inferior colliculus
      was performed on serial semi-thin and ultra-thin Golgi preparations. The glial
      origin of the velum has been considered and its topographical relationships with
      the other structures of the neuropile have been described.

PMID- 170017
TI  - [Inactivation of enteroviruses in seawater].
AB  - Virus survival in the laboratory was examined in non sterile and sterile
      seawater. Five enteric viruses were studied (Poliovirus, Coxsackie A and B) at
      four temperatures 4, 12, 22, 37 degrees. Thirty to forty days were required for a
      3 log (99.9%) reduction at 22 degrees C, without regard to the virus type, in
      sterile seawater. Survival times were longer at lower temperatures, but shorter
      in non sterile seawater. A correlation between virus inactivation and particles
      of natural seawaters was suggested.

PMID- 170016
TI  - [Influence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline on the frequency of nuclear
      microtubules and microfilaments of sympathetic neurons].
AB  - In vivo dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline, as does electrical stimulation,
      increase the frequency of nuclear microtubules and microfilaments in neurons of
      cat stellate ganglia. These and previous results lead us to conclude that cyclic
      AMP mediates the process of assembly of these two structural components from
      preformed protein subunits and thus triggers the formation of highly organized
      nuclear inclusions corresponding to the so-called intranuclear rodlets of light
      microscopy.

PMID- 170018
TI  - Noninvasive quantitation of myocardial infarction with technetium 99m
      pyrophosphate.
AB  - We sought to quantitate infarct size using radioactive imaging techniques.
      Infarcts were created in closed chest dogs. Using a scintillation camera
      interfaced to a computer, infarct images were made in the anterior, left lateral,
      LAO, and RAO projections, 48 hours after infarction and 75 to 90 min following
      the intravenous injection of 15 mCi of Technetium 99m pyrophosphate (Tc-PYP).
      Images were computer enhanced and area was calibrated with a radioactive grid
      source of known dimensions. Image radioactivity was normalized for decay and dose
      corrected for body weight. Animals were sacrificed two hours following the
      injection Tc-PYP. Postmortem images were also computer enhanced and calibrated.
      Gross infarct area and weight were estimated and transmural biopsies were
      evaluated for Tc-PYP activity and analyzed for creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
      content. Contiguous biopsies were pathologically analyzed and graded. There was a
      negative correlation between tissue Tc-PYP activity and CPK content (r=0.89).
      Pathologic severity worsened with increased Tc-PYP activity and diminished CPK
      content. There was a good correlation between gross infarct area and image
      infarct area, both in vivo (r

PMID- 170019
TI  - Biochemical studies on tissues from a patient with Lafora disease.
AB  - Tissues from the cerebral cortex, liver and myocardium of a patient with Lafora
      disease were obtained at autopsy and were studied biochemically. 1. Glucose
      content in the myocardium and liver was almost nil while that in the controls was
      0.66 mg/g wet weight in the former and 8.80 mg/g wet weight in the latter.
      Glycogen content in the cerebral cortex and myocardium was about 10 and 3 times
      more than in controls. 2. Polyglucosan extracted from the cerebral cortex, liver
      and myocardium had a longer exterior glucose chain than that in the liver of the
      control but a normal, alpha or beta 1,4-glucosidic linkage was observed. 3. The
      activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase in the cerebral
      cortex, liver and myocardium were well preserved. The activities of acid maltase
      in the three organs mentioned above and of neutral maltase in  the myocardium
      were elevated twice and one and half times more than the control. Phosphorylase
      levels in the myocardium were extremely small, while in the cerebral cortex and
      liver normal activities were observed. In light of these findings, glycogen
      metabolism in Lafora disease is discussed.

PMID- 170020
TI  - Effects of apolipoproteins on lipoprotein lipase activity of human adipose
      tissue.
AB  - The effect of apolipoproteins isolated from HDL and VLDL on the activity of
      lipoprotein lipase (LPL) of adipose tissue was studied. The CII apoprotein was
      found to activate LPL. This activation was strongly inhibited by CI, AI (apo-Lp
      Gln I), and the arginine-rich apoprotein, whereas AII and CIII exhibited a
      considerably lower inhibitor effect.

PMID- 170021
TI  - Biochemical typing of hyperlipoproteinemia. The development of a nomogram.
AB  - The accurate biochemical typing of hyperlipoproteinemia would require
      quantification of lipoprotein fractions. At present, typing is frequently based
      on the lipoprotein electrophoresis pattern together with serum lipid analyses.
      Lack of facilities for lipoprotein electrophoresis has however focused the
      clinical interest for classification of hyperlipoproteinemia into other means of
      a simple biochemical typing. In the present study a nomogram was developed to
      allow biochemical typing of hyperlipoproteinemia from serum cholesterol and
      triglyceride values. Serum cholesterol was determined according to a Liebermann
      Burchard reaction by the method of Cramer and Isaksson [1], serum triglycerides
      by the determination of glyceride glycerol according to Carlson [2], and serum
      lipoprotein electrophoresis was performed on agarose gel [3]. Cholesterol content
      [4] of alpha-lipoproteins ("alpha-LP cholesterol") was obtained in serum after
      the precipitation of very-low-density lipoproteins(VLDL) and low-density
      lipoproteins(LDL) by manganese chloride and heparin [5]. Preparative
      ultracentrifugation was performed in a one-step, gradient procedure [6] isolating
      VLDL, d less than 1.006, LDL, d 1.006--1.063 g/ml and high-density lipoprotein
      (HDL) including very-high-density lipoproteins, d greater than 1.063 g/ml, or
      alternatively at d 1.006 g/ml according to the procedure by Gustafson et al. [7].

PMID- 170022
TI  - Lipid and protein contents of low density lipoproteins (LDL) from patients with
      various types of hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 170023
TI  - [A routine method of lipoprotein electrophoresis using acetate films].

PMID- 170024
TI  - Variability of polymorphic cellular enzymes in medical students with different
      serum lipid levels: a preliminary survey.
AB  - Groups of male Caucasian medical students who had, relative to their classmates,
      eitherhigh or low lipid levels were screened for electrophoretic variants of
      haptoglobin, transferrin, and 10 polymorphic erythrocyte enzymes. Members of both
      the "high" and "low" lipid groups were found to be polymorphic at 7 genetic loci,
      6 of which were enzymatic. Consistently, at most polymorphic loci the high lipid
      groups had somewhat higher frequencies of nonpredominant phenotypes (patterns
      other than the phenotype reported to occur most frequently in U.S.A. Caucasian
      populations). A higher frequency of the less common nonpredominant phenotypes
      (reported Caucasian population frequency less than 0.200) in the high lipid
      groups was primarily responsible for the observed variations in the phenotypic
      distributions. Gene frequency distributions were correspondingly skewed. In 14
      comparisons between the high and low lipid groups the least common allele of the
      7 polymorphic series had a higher frequency in the high lipid group 9 times and
      in the low lipid group only once. Collectively, our preliminary observations
      suggest quantitative and qualitative genetic trends related to serum lipid levels
      that warrant more extensive investigation.

PMID- 170025
TI  - Binding of dexamethasone to canine corticosteroid-binding globulin.

PMID- 170026
TI  - A competitive protein binding radioassay for 17alpha-ethynylestradiol in human
      plasma.
AB  - A competitive protein binding radioassay system using a rabbit uterine cytosol
      preparation for the measurement of ethynylestradiol [EE2e] in human plasma has
      been developed. Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography is used for the separation
      of the estrogens prior to assay. EE2 levels were measured in 23 normotensive
      subjects on contraceptive pills containing either 50 mug of EE2 or mestranol. The
      EE2 values ranged from 144 to 248 pg with a mean of 211 pg (S.D. +/- 37.94). The
      method is sensitive enough to detect 25 pg of EE2 in plasma. The intra- and inter
      assay coefficients of variation were 7.54% and 10.75%, respectively. Water blanks
      and plasma blanks from subjects not on pills gave negligible readings for EE2.

PMID- 170027
TI  - Hypothalamic hormone interaction in acromegaly.
AB  - The growth hormone response to the administration of the currently available
      synthetic hypothalamic hormones was assessed in eleven patients with acromegaly.
      Eight of them showed a positive GH response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone and
      three showed no response. The GH response to TRH was shown to be unrelated to the
      thyrotrophin response to TRH. The GH response to TRH was inhibited by the
      administration of growth hormone release inhibiting hormone. Luteinizing
      hormone/follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) caused a positive
      GH response in four patients, but this was trivial in three. The TRH mediated GH
      release in acromegaly is not mediated via TSH and appears to be attributable to
      loss of specificity of the receptor sites on the somatotroph to the hypothalamic
      hormones.

PMID- 170028
TI  - Malignant metastatic insulinoma treated with streptozotocin.
AB  - A patient with metastatic insulinoma who suffered from severe hypoglycaemic
      attacks was treated with 7-5 g of streptozotocin (Upjohn). Shortly after the
      start of treatment, the hypoglycaemic attacks ceased; fasting blood glucose
      levels and serum immunoreactive insulin values returned to normal upon completion
      of the treatment. Two years after treatment, the patient is well and active and
      has not had any attacks. The oral glucose tolerance test and tolbutamide
      stimulation test now show serum immunoreactive insulin excretion patterns similar
      to those seen in diabetics.

PMID- 170029
TI  - Antioestrogens. A review.

PMID- 170030
TI  - Detection of inborn errors of metabolism. IV. Galactokinase deficiency.
AB  - Galactokinase deficient fibroblasts are not distinguishable from galactosemic
      fibroblasts by a test suggested earlier by Hill & Puck (1973). They can be so
      distinguished by the test described here, since they are unable to incorporate
      radioactive galactose into TCA-insoluble material under normal conditions of
      incubation while both galactosemic and normal cells incorporate considerable
      amounts. The importance of this is discussed in relationship to antenatal
      screening.

PMID- 170031
TI  - Further studies of Lp(a) lipoprotein/pre- beta1-lipoprotein in patients with
      coronary heart disease.
AB  - The present study of 100 patients (46 of whom were included in a previous study)
      with suspected or proven coronary heart disease (CHD) confirms that Lp(a)
      lipoprotein and pre-beta1-lipoprotein are closely related, if not identical, and
      that Lp(a) lipoprotein/pre-beta-lipoprotein occurs more frequently in patients
      with CHD than in healthy people. Analysis of this lipoprotein component may have
      predictive value with respect to CHD.

PMID- 170032
TI  - Pituitary-adrenal response to static exercise in man.
AB  - 1. Changes in plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol were measured
      before and after static exercise performed by the subject pushing with both legs
      against a strain-gauge bar. No marked changes in plasma catecholamine were
      observed but plasma cortisol increased after the subject pushed for 3 min at 50%
      of maximum force. 2. Holding a 20 kg weight for 5 min in one hand caused a rise
      in plasma cortisol and in plasma ACTH but no changes in growth hormone were
      observed.

PMID- 170033
TI  - Mechanism of action of progesterone on amphibian oocytes. Uptake and metabolism
      of progesterone by isolated oocytes of Pleurodeles waltlii and Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 170034
TI  - Substrates of oxidative metabolism in dipteran flight muscle.

PMID- 170035
TI  - Dispersion along fiber tracts and in the coupling between tracts and a cortical
      network.
AB  - Dispersion in a neuronal coritcal network was modeled using CSMP, a Continuous
      Systems Modeling Program. The signal dispersion over pathways was simulated by
      use of a serial product approximating the convolution integral. The program was
      written in a sufficiently general format to be applied to a variety of biological
      signals. Calculated signals from a fiber tract and activation of a cortical
      network were compared with experimental data from cats. The network consists of
      excitatory cells in a forward limb which send collaterals to interneurons that,
      once excited, feed back to inhibit the excitatory cells. The model was consistent
      with data from neuronal assemblies in the prepyriform cortex and fibers in the
      lateral olfactory tract.

PMID- 170036
TI  - Sorting of signals from thermosensitive areas.
AB  - Of the several models proposed for the neural regulation of temperature in cold
      exposed animals, two have been previously restated in dynamic form using CSMP.
      Subsequently, computer simulations have led to the design and execution of
      experiments for selection of the more appropriate model for cold-exposed rats.
      These experiments, as described in the present paper, have been interpreted as
      being consistent with the model which sorts signals from thermosensitive areas
      and channels the selected signals over separate neural pathways to independently
      control each mode of heat production. Since this model requires multiplication of
      neural signals, possible neuronal mechanisms which may underline such
      multiplication are discussed. In addition, parameter variation to account for
      febril responses and rate sensitivity have been evaluated.

PMID- 170038
TI  - Tissue reaction to foreign materials.

PMID- 170037
TI  - The distribution of collagenase in the rat uterus during postpartum involution.
      An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - A monospecific rabbit anti-rat uterus collagenase antibody has been prepared and
      used to study the distribution of the enzyme in the rat uterus during postpartum
      involution. Cryostat sections of rat uteri from 24 to 240 hours postpartum were
      stained by the indirect immunofluorescent method. Nonpregnant rat uterus revelaed
      positive staining in basement membranes, in endometrial stroma, in perimuscular
      and in vascular connective tissue. During postpartum involution of the uterus two
      types of changes in uterine collagenase were observed: (1) variations in the
      distrubiton of the enzyme, which became selectively localized in the epithelial
      basement membrane and in the wall of small blood vessels, and (2) variations in
      the overall intensity of fluorescent staining, which decreased immediately after
      delivery and slowly increased back to nonpregnant levels in 5 days. The
      significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the mechanisms of
      control of collagenase activity in vivo.

PMID- 170039
TI  - Polygraphic sleep pattern during penfluridol treatment.

PMID- 170041
TI  - Phosphorylation of DNA polymerase.
AB  - Both E. coli and calf thymus DNA polymerase can be phosphorylated by cAMP
      dependent protein kinase and phosphorylation appears to stimulate the DNA
      polymerase reaction. Conversely, dephosphorylation of the polymerase molecule, by
      a protein phosphatase, inhibits the polymerase reaction.

PMID- 170040
TI  - Oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by particles from
      Mycobacterium lepraemurium.
AB  - Particles from Mycobacterium lepraemurium catalysed the oxidation of NADH with
      oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. The preparations contained cytochromes
      of the a + a3'b and c types, as well as CO-binding pigments. The NADH oxidase
      activity was sensitive to inhibitors of the flavoprotein system as well as to
      HQNO and antimycin A. In addition, a cytochrome oxidase sensitive to cyanide was
      also present. The system was inhibited by the thiol-binding agent, PCMB, and thus
      indicated the involvement of sulphydryl group in the enzymatic oxidation of NADH.
      The sensitivity of the NADH oxidase system to all the inhibitors of the
      respiratory chain and the effect of these inhibitors on the absorption spectra
      suggested that cytochromes of the b, c, a + a3 types are involved in the transfer
      of electrons in NADH oxidation.

PMID- 170042
TI  - Clinical aspects of viral infections in kidney-graft recipients.

PMID- 170043
TI  - Prevention of acute pulmonary edema during isolated perfusion for 24 hours.
AB  - Fifty-nine canine lungs were perfused with cryoprecipitated plasma, silica gel
      fraction, or modified silica gel fraction (MSGF) af different perfusate pressures
      for periods up to 24 hours under hypothermic conditions. High perfusate pressures
      accounted for all poor perfusion results. The use of MSGF at a low perfusate
      pressure protected all the lungs from the appearance of pulmonary edema during
      perfusion, and the morphology was consistently maintained for 24 hours.

PMID- 170044
TI  - Malignant mediastinal chemodectoma.
AB  - A 20-year-old man with a posterior mediastinal mass and erosion of the rib proved
      to have a malignant chemodectoma. The case is of interest because of the rare
      location and malignant fatal course.

PMID- 170045
TI  - Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with adenovirus
      pneumonia.
AB  - Metabolic abnormalities compatible with inappropriate secretion of ADH developed
      during the course of severe viral pneumonia in a 17-year-old Navy recruit. With a
      regimen of strict fluid restriction, normalization of these abnormalities
      occurred. Marked leukopenia and hypoxia were also present, but gradually improved
      with resolution of the pneumonia. Inappropriate ADH secretion has been associated
      most often with bacterial pneumonia and this patient represents one of the few
      with viral pneumonia complicated by this syndrome. While the previous cases were
      assoicated with influenza virus, this patient was infected with adenovirus-7
      which is endemic in the military recruit population.

PMID- 170047
TI  - [A new case of Riopelle's tumor].

PMID- 170046
TI  - [First clinical trials of treatment of primary liver cancer with
      immunostimulating agents administered by systemic or intratumoral route].

PMID- 170049
TI  - A new task for small philanthropic foundations in helping developing countries.

PMID- 170050
TI  - Clinical neuropathological conference.

PMID- 170048
TI  - The volume and DNA content of extrachromosomal inclusions in the dorsal foot-pad
      nuclei of Tricholioproctia impatiens (Sarcophagidae, Diptera).
AB  - The chromosomes of the giant dorsal foot-pad cells of Tricholioproctia impatiens
      produce numerous extrachromosomal bodies which consist of a central spherical
      core of DNA surrounded by a ribonucleoprotein layer. The bodies are either free
      within the nucleoplasm or attached by thin threads of chromatin to chromosomal
      bands. The DNA content and the volume of DNA of unattached spherules fell into
      distinct classes in a regular geometric progression.

PMID- 170051
TI  - [In vivo dissolving of gall-stones: the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid.
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was administered for an average of 15 months to 14
      patients with gall-stones. The gall-stones were radiolucent in all but one
      instance (solitary calcified stone). Stones dissolved completely after 12 and 15
      months of therapy, respectively, in two patients, while in four the size of the
      stones diminished. No change occurred in the remaining patients. In five patients
      multiple stones dissolved, while in one a radiolucent solitary stone dissolved.
      In one patient, with a negative cholecystogram for a time before being treated
      with CDCA, the gall-bladder perforated while on treatment. CDCA was well
      tolerated by all patients: upper abdominal discomfort disappeared during CDCA
      treatment in two patients and improved in nine. Only side-effect was occasional
      mild diarrhoea in five patients. Bile was analysed in seven patients,
      supersaturation with cholesterol being found in five. Biliary lipid composition
      became normal during CDCA treatment in these five patients. Serum triglyceride
      levels fell during CDCA administration  in ten of eleven patients in which serum
      measurements were made; the greatest fall occurred in the five patients with
      hypertriglyceridaemia. The fall in triglyceride levels was associated with a
      diminution of the pre-beta-lipo-protein fraction and the chylomicron fraction. No
      significant change occurred in serum cholesterol levels.

PMID- 170052
TI  - [Lipoprotein pattern in acute and chronic liver disease (author's transl)].
AB  - Lipoprotein electrophoresis with measurement of serum lipids was performed on 115
      patients with various forms of liver disease. There was a reduction in alpha
      lipoproteins and an increase in beta-lipoproteins, as well as a reduced
      separability of pre-beta and beta fractions in those with acute viral hepatitis.
      All these changes regressed completely with healing. Similar changes were shown
      also in chronic liver disease and were most marked in acute liver failure, but
      also marked in decompensated liver cirrhosis and chronic progressive hepatitis,
      while less marked in chronic persistent hepatitis and compensated liver
      cirrhosis. In patients with fatty livers there were no characteristic findings
      other than a slight increase in pre-beta lipoproteins. On the other hand, the
      lipoprotein pattern was markedly changed in cases with tumour in the region of
      the gallbladder, but similar changes were noted also with tumours at other sites.
      They are, therfore, unlikely to be liver-specific.

PMID- 170054
TI  - [Immunopathology and peridontal diseases. A review and an attempt at site
      determination].

PMID- 170055
TI  - Fish gonadotropin(s). I. Bioassay of salmon gonadotropin(s) in vitro with
      immature trout gonads.
AB  - 1. The effect of salmon gonadotropin(s) (SG) on cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in
      immature trout gonadal tissue of both sexes was measured by radioimmunoassay. 2.
      A dose-response line was obtained to SG in gonads of both male and female trout.
      3. As little as 0.45 SG units (1 SG unit = 1 mug NIH-LH-S18 in the chick
      bioassay) significantly increased cAMP formation in the presence of 8 mM
      theophylline; mammalian LH, FSH, LTH, ACTH, TSH and HCG were inactive. 4. The
      assay for SG was investigated with respect to time of incubation and two
      phosphodiesterase inhibitors; some conditions for the cAMP radioimmunoassay (cAMP
      RIA) were compared.

PMID- 170056
TI  - Fish gonadotropin(s). II. Isolation of gonadotropin(s) from chum salmon pituitary
      glands using affinity chromatography.
AB  - A highly purified gonadotropic hormone preparation has been obtained from chum
      salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) pituitaries by extraction with ethanolic or aqueous
      buffer, affinity chromatography on Con A Sepharose and gel filtration on Sephadex
      G-75 superfine. A purified fraction from Sephadex G-75 averaged 448 mug NIH-LH
      S18/mg glycoprotein as measured by the uptake of radiophosphate into chick
      testes. A total of 1.1 g of salmon gonadotropin (s) (SG)/kg fresh tissue was
      recovered when the isolation began with an aqueous extraction. Analytical
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (P.A.G.E.) of the purified fraction from
      Sephadex G-75 displayed a single broad zone in non-dissociating conditions and
      two bands in 8 M urea. Polyacrylamide gel electrofocusing yielded six sharp bands
      with an isoelectric point range of 4.38 to 5.05, and four bands with an
      isoelectric point range of 4.31 to 4.95 in 8 M urea. A molecular weight of 41,000
      was determined by gel filtration. A subunit molecular weight of 17,800 +/- 10%
      was found by P.A.G.E. in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), suggesting that
      native SG consists of two subunits. Purified preparations were highly stable in
      Tris-Cl buffers and retained their activity for several months when stored at -73
      degrees C.

PMID- 170057
TI  - Fish gonadotropin(s). III. Evidence for more than one gonadotropin in chum salmon
      pituitary glands.
AB  - Two proteins with gonadotropin activity have been isolated from a highly purified
      chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) gonadotropin preparation (G-75 Fraction II) by
      chromatography on DEAE Bio Gel A. These gonadotropins exhibited distinct
      behaviour in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, chromatography on Sephadex G-75
      superfine, and ratios of cAMP stimulation in immature rainbow trout ovaries and
      testes. Rechromatography of G-75 Fraction II on Sephadex G-75 superfine gave a
      symmetrical protein peak with a coincident cAMP activity profile. Repeated
      freezing and thawing elicited a shift in the cAMP activity profile toward the
      trailing edge of the protein peak. Data are discussed in terms of two
      gonadotropin molecules which respond differently to phase changes. Charge
      polymorphism was exhibited by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels of one
      of the DEAE fractions. Five UV absorbing bands were observed which stimulated
      cAMP production in immature rainbow trout gonads. Three of these bands increased
      adenyl cyclase activity in trout ovaries and testes. One of the bands stimulated
      cAMP production primarily in trout testes and the other stimulated trout ovaries,
      providing evidence for two gonadotropins, each of which is sex specific.

PMID- 170053
TI  - Antibacterial Drugs today: II.
AB  - Since the development of the sulphonamides in the 1930s and the subsequent
      development of antibiotics from the 1940s onwards, there have now been many drugs
      developed which are capable of chemotherapeutic activity in a patient infected by
      a susceptible micro-organism. This review is concerned with precise descriptions
      of important groups of antimicrobial drugs, with emphasis being placed on the
      more recently developed drugs. With each group of drugs the pharmacology, major
      therapeutic indications, dosages and adverse reactions are discussed. Part II of
      the review discusses the cephalosporins, polymyxins and aminoglycosides. The
      place of each in therapy is defined.

PMID- 170059
TI  - Isolation and culture of FSH responsive Sertoli cells.
AB  - Methods for the isolation and culture of enriched populations of Sertoli cells
      from 20-60 day old rats are described. The identity of the Sertoli cells was
      verified by bright light and electron microscopy. Freshly isolated Sertoli cells
      specifically bound follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) but not luteinizing hormone
      (LH) and responded to FSH stimulation with dramatic increase in cyclic AMP level.
      Isolated Sertoli cells, maintained in culture for 11 days, showed no evidence of
      proliferation but retained their characteristic ultrastructural features and FSH
      binding ability. Incubation of cultured cells with FSH resulted in a significant
      stimulation of cyclic AMP and androgen binding protein (ABP). Since the freshly
      isolated or cultured cells were predominantly (greater than 80%) Sertoli cells,
      these results provide direct evidence that the Sertoli cells represent a primary
      target site for FSH activity in the testes. The culture method also provides a
      valuable in vitro model for the study of chronic effects of various agents on the
      Sertoli cell.

PMID- 170058
TI  - Effect of insulin on metabolism of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate by plasma
      cell tumor (MPC-11).
AB  - Addition of insulin to cultured mouse plasma tumor cells (MPC-11) increases the
      entry of tritiated cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (3H-cAMP). No increase of
      entry of N6-O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP), 5'
      adenosine monophosphate (5' AMP) or adenosine was noted in the presence of
      insulin. The stimulation of cAMP transport by insulin was concentration dependent
      and inactivated insulin had no effect on nucleotide transport. Intracellular
      radioactivity after transport of cAMP was largely 5'AMP, while most of the
      extracellular radioactivity remained as cAMP after incubation.

PMID- 170060
TI  - Estrogen binding protein of rat liver.
AB  - An estrogen binding protein for estradiol-17beta is present in the liver cytosol
      of female intact and one day oophorectomized rats. The dissociation constant
      reveals high affinity binding (Kd: 0.69 +/- 0.14 times 10(-10) M). Quantitation
      of EBP using a dextran-coated charcoal method shows that this specific
      macromolecular binding is much less than in the rat uterus, but similar to that
      in DMBA-induced mammary tumors. Sucrose density gradient analysis shows
      sedimentation at 8-9 S and 4-5 S when compared to bovine serum albumin.

PMID- 170061
TI  - Demonstration of a specific receptor for prolactin in porcine granulosa cells.
AB  - Porcine granulosa cells and subcellular fractions from these cells have been
      shown to have a specific receptor for ovine prolactin (OPRL). Ovine growth
      hormone demonstrated 7% of the potency of OPRL in displacing 125I-OPRL from its
      binding site; FSH, TSH, LH, insulin and ACTH showed negligible cross-reactivity.
      Scatchard analysis of the displacement curves suggested that 125I-OPRL has a high
      affinity for its receptor with a dissociation constant (Kd) for the granulosa
      cell-receptor of 7.4-7.7 times 10(-10) M with no change as the follicle enlarges.
      In contrast, the specific binding of prolactin decreased markedly with maturation
      of the follicles with an apparent decrease in binding sites/cell from 555 in
      small follicles to 300 in large (preovulatory) follicles. The demonstrated Kd's
      were within the range of prolactin concentrations easily attained in vivo and
      were in good agreement with values obtained in our laboratory and elsewhere for
      the prolactin receptor from mammary gland and other tissues. Consequently, these
      studies may provide a basis for a better understanding of the role of prolactin
      in ovarian function.

PMID- 170062
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of corticosterone receptors (type III) to the
      collecting tubule of the rat kidney.
AB  - Recently, a class of receptors exhibiting high affinity for corticosterone was
      described in rat kidney (Feldman, D. et al., Endocrinology 92: 1429, 1973). These
      receptor sites exhibited negligible affinity for dexamethasone and aldosterone
      and were designated Type III to distinguish them from sites having high affinity
      for aldosterone (Type I), and sites with high affinity for dexamethasone and
      corticosterone (Type II). To visually localize Type III sites in the kidney and
      demonstrate whether or not they represent intracellular steroid receptors, we
      used an autoradiographic procedure for diffusible substances. Male
      adrenalectomized rats were injected intravenously with the following combination
      of steroids per 100 g body weight: 4 x 10(-9) mol [3H]corticosterone, 4 x 10(-9)
      mol unlabeled aldosterone, and 4 x 10(-9) mol unlabeled dexamethasone. To
      differentiate "nonspecific" binding, each experimental animal was paired with a
      control animal that received the same steroids plus 250-fold unlabeled
      corticosterone. At 3 min, 10 min, and 30 min, kidneys were removed, cut into
      quadrants, and frozen in isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen. For
      autoradiography, 4 mum frozen sections were cut, pressed into contact with
      emulsion precoated slides at -30 C, melted and simultaneously dried under a jet
      of dry nitrogen gas, and exposed at 4 C for 2 to 6 weeks. At all three time
      intervals, silver grains representing [3H]corticosterone binding sites, were
      concentrated over collecting tubules, only in the outer medulla and cortex (those
      in the inner medulla and papilla were not labeled). In the labeled segments of
      the nephron, some of the cells showed an apparent high ratio of cytoplasmic to
      nuclear grains and in others nuclear labeling was more prominent. A small
      population of cells within labeled collecting tubules (possibly dark cells) were
      not labeled. Although no function can yet be ascribed to Type III receptors in
      the kidney, they may represent an important steroid-mediated renal mechanism.

PMID- 170063
TI  - Effect of porcine calcitonin on the metabolism of calcium and cyclic AMP in rat
      skeletal tissue in vivo.
AB  - Infusion of 50 mU/100 g body wt of calcitonin induced a rapid and marked increase
      of cyclic AMP in calvaria as well as in plasma of thyroparathyroidectomized rats.
      These changes preceded the decrease in plasma calcium concentration seen after
      hormone administration. The possible relationship of this stimulation of cyclic
      AMP accumulation to the hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin was examined under
      several experimental settings. It was found that a dose of calcitonin sufficient
      to cause a significant decrease of plasma calcium failed to produce any
      detectable accumulation cyclic AMP in calvaria, but when high doses of calcitonin
      were given, there was an apparent correlation between the integrated change of
      cyclic AMP metabolism and the duration and magnitude of hypocalcemia. Experiments
      employing the ophylline and imidazole, which alter cyclic AMP metabolism, led to
      an apparent dissociation between the hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin and its
      stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in bone.

PMID- 170064
TI  - The affinity of catechol estrogens for estrogen receptors in the pituitary and
      anterior hypothalamus of the rat.
AB  - The purpose of these experiments was to evaluate the potential for interaction
      between 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestradiol and estrogen receptors in rat
      pituitary and anterior hypothalamus. The 150,000 X g supernatant fractions of
      these tissues were prepared, the estrogen receptor-site concentration was
      measured, and the relative abilities of unlabelled estradiol, estrone, 2
      hydroxyestradiol and 2-hydroxyestrone to compete with [3H]estradiol for estrogen
      binding sites was determined. From these results, and the previously determined
      association constant for [3H]estradiol, 10(10)M-1, the association constants of
      the other estrogens were calculated. The introduction of the 2-hydroxy group
      caused only a modest reduction in the affinity of these estrogens for the
      receptors. The association constants of the 2-hydroxy derivatives were within one
      order of magnitude of those of the parent compounds. These results demonstrate
      the potential for interaction between catechol estrogens and estrogen receptor in
      rat brain and pituitary of a magnitude which could be biologically significant.

PMID- 170065
TI  - On the mechanism of prolactin and estrogen action in 7,12
      dimethylbenz(A)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. II. In vivo tumor
      responses and estrogen receptor.
AB  - In order to test the in vivo effect of prolactin on estrogen receptor (ER)
      binding capacity in tumors induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthrancene (DMBA
      tumor), growth of the tumors from changes in prolactin and estrogen levels was
      compared retrospectively with cytoplasmic ER levels. It was demonstrated that
      some tumors required prolactin, some needed prolactin-estrogen during their
      growth period anda small number were not influenced by hormonal milieu. ER was
      present in hormonally dependent tumors but was low or absent in hormonaly
      independent tumors. Deletion of hormones by endocrine ablation in the host rat
      resulted in tumor regression loss of ER. Replenishment of ER and subsequent tumor
      growth were accomplished by injection of prolactin or prolactin-estrogen in
      endocrine ablated rats but were not achieved in rats bearing tumors exposed to
      prolactin-nafoxidine. Our results demonstrate that both estrogen and prolactin
      were essential for growth of hormonally dependent DMBA-tumors. Tumor growth was
      also prevented when cytoplasmic ER was not replenished , indicating that ER may
      be an indispensable prerequisite for growth. Prolactin, independently of or
      cooperatively with estrogen, stimulated ER binding capacity. These results
      support the hypothesis that there may exist a prolactin regulatory mechanism of
      estrogen action at the tumor site. The interactions of estrogen and prolactin in
      situ in modulating hormonal receptor binding capacities may contribute to the
      overall stimulatory effect of these two hormones on DMBA-tumors.

PMID- 170066
TI  - The effects of exogenous gonadotropins on ovarian adenylate cyclase activity.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase was assayed in pellets prepared by centrifuging for 10 min at
      600 x g homogenates of ovaries of immature rats treated with PMS and hCG.
      Activity was detected in the absence of any stimulatory agents and increased
      markedly in the presence of fluoride. Dose-dependent activity occurred in vitro
      in response to LH ranging from 0.2 to 10 mug/ml of incubate but not at higher
      concentrations. Marked changes in adenylate cyclase activities were observed with
      preparations from ovaries excised at various times after gonadotropin treatment.
      These changes, measured as the response to both fluoride and LH were observed to
      occur in four main stages. An initial decrease occurred 1/2 to 1 day after
      administration of hCG. Activity then increased and remained significantly
      elevated from day 3 to 7. A second but more dramatic rise was observed on day 8
      and this enhanced level of activity remained elevated until day 13. A decreased
      level of activity occurred on day 15. Unstimulated activity remained low for the
      16 day period studied although significant rises were observed on day 3 and days
      8 to 15 after the administration of hCG. We have suggested that these changes in
      the adenylate cyclase activity modulate the level of cyclic AMP in the luteal
      cells and thereby induce changes in the activity of enzymes involved in progestin
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 170067
TI  - Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in gut mucosa.
AB  - Both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones are known to be involved in
      the physiology and pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Studies on the
      mechanism of action of steroid hormones indicate an initial obligatory step of
      binding to stereospecific receptor proteins in the cytoplasm of target tissue
      cells. Mucosal cells from the gastrointestinal tract of adrenalectomized,
      gonadectomized rats contain cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors which bind
      tritiated dexamethasone with an affinity (Kdiss4C) of approximately 10(-8)M. The
      concentration of glucocorticoid receptors per unit cytoplasmic protein is in
      order duodenum greater than jejunum greater than ileum=stomach greater than
      colon, and their affinity for steroid hormones is in order dexamethasone greater
      than corticosterone greater than deoxycorticosterone=aldosterone. No
      glucocorticoid receptors could be demonstrated in esophageal mucosal cells.
      Binding sites for tritiated aldosterone, with affinity characteristics
      appropriate for physiological mineralocorticoid receptors, were demonstrated in
      duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. No similar sites could be shown in the mucosa
      of the gastric antrum.

PMID- 170068
TI  - Increased rate of response of the pituitary-adrenal system in rats adapted to
      chronic stress.
AB  - The response and adaptation of the pituitary-adrenal system to chronic stresses
      was investigated. These included individual caging, confinement, and exposure to
      cold for varying periods of time. Studies were carried out demonstrating that
      during the period of adaptation when plasma corticosterone concentrations
      returned toward their prestress level despite continued exposure to the stressor,
      the animals responded to additional stimuli of ether for 1 min, a saline
      injection, or release from confinement with a faster increase (within 2.5 min) in
      plasma corticosterone than controls (10 min). This increased responsiveness was
      not limited to the adrenal since plasma ACTH showed a greater increase 2.5 min
      after ether in animals confined for 40 min than in nonconfined  rats. It is
      concluded that during adaptation to a chronic stress the pituitary-adrenal system
      is not inhibited by the circulating steroid level but is actually hypersensitive
      to additional stimuli. Thus, chronic stress may cause an increased drive to the
      ACTH-secreting mechanism which compensates or overrides the cortical feedback.

PMID- 170069
TI  - The effect of fasting on tissue cyclic cAMP and plasma glucagon in the obese
      hyperglycemic mouse.
AB  - The effect of 48 h of fasting in C57B1/6J-ob/ob and +/+ mice on body weight (BW),
      blood glucose (BG), serum immunreactive insulin (IRI), plasma immunoreactive
      glucagon (IRG) and on tissue levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were
      studied. Both groups of mice lost weight and demonstrated a decrease in BG and
      IRI with fasting. However, the BG and IRI of the ob/ob animals were initially
      highter and remained higher than those of the 2% of their initial weight while
      the +/+ lost 14 %. The +/+ mice exhibited an increase in cAMP levels in skeletal
      muscle, fat and liver with fasting, while the ob/ob mice had increased levels of
      cAMP in fat, but not in muscle. They also had a paradoxical decrease in liver
      cAMP levels with fasting, and associated with this was the lack of stimulation of
      glycogenolysis. Glycogenolysis was significant in the livers of fasted +/+ mice.
      The plasma IRG levels of the fed ob/ob mice were significantly higher (1.8)
      times) than those of the fed +/+ mice. Islet cAMP levels were decreased with
      fasting in ob/ob mice. However, the levels were significantly higher in 48-h
      faster ob/ob mice compared to the fasted +/+ group. The apparent paradoxical
      response to fasting observed in the livers of the ob/ob mice remains unexplained.

PMID- 170070
TI  - Anterior pituitary vasodilation after hemorrhage in the dog.
AB  - A miniature thermoelectric probe was used to record continuously tissue blood
      flow in the anterior pituitary gland of anesthetized dogs. The output of the flow
      probe is linear in the range of tissue blood flow encountered in the pituitary.
      Probe placement required minimal tissue trauma, and zero blood flow was recorded
      at the end of each experiment. Little or no change in flow followed hemorrhage of
      10 ml/kg body weight. However, hemorrhages of 20 or 30 ml/kg were followed by a
      biphasic deviation from control level, with an initial transient decrease in
      flow, followed by recovery to control at about 19 min and a rise above control to
      90% of maximum at about 32 min. Hypothalamohypophysial vascular resistance was
      found to decrease significantly following hemorrhages of 20 or 30 ml/kg, and this
      was shown to be independent of resistance changes in the femoral vascular bed. It
      is concluded that anterior pituitary blood flow is well maintained following
      moderate hemorrhage as a result of intrinsic vasodilation in the hypothalamo
      hypophysial vascular bed.

PMID- 170071
TI  - Specific prolactin binding sites in the prostate and testis of rats.
AB  - Specific binding sites for prolactin have been detected in membrane preparations
      from the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate of male rats. The
      binding was time and temperature dependent. In prostatic tissue the binding of
      prolactin was a saturable process with an association constant (Ka) of 3 X 10(9)
      M-1 and a binding capacity of 125 femtomoles per mg of protein. The binding of
      prolactin to the prostate was inhibited only by lactogenic hormones. In the
      testis the low binding of prolactin increased slightly from 20 to 70 days of age.
      On the other hand, in the prostate the highest specific binding was found in
      membrane preparation from 20-day-old rats while 270-day-old rats had only 10% as
      much specific binding. The administration of estrogen also lowered prolactin
      binding to prostatic membranes. Castration caused an even greater decrease in the
      binding of [125I] iodo PRL in the prostate whereas in the liver this procedure
      resulted in a major increase in the binding of labeled prolactin.

PMID- 170072
TI  - The effect of hypophysectomy on the function of the insulin-sensitive central
      nervous system glucoregulator receptor.
AB  - Hypophysectomized and healthy control rats were studied to investigate the
      mechanism of action of the insulin-sensitive glucoregulator receptor of the
      central nervous system (CNS). Glucagon-free insulin (500 muU) was injected into
      the carotid artery, and the peripheral blood glucose was monitored. An immediate
      significant fall in the blood sugar was observed in intact as well as in
      hypophysectomized rats. To control these experiments buffer was injected into the
      carotid artery, or 500 muU insulin was given through the jugular vein of intact
      and hypophysectomized animals. The systemic blood sugar level remained unchanged
      for 10-15 min in the control experiments. The results indicate that the function
      of this insulin-sensitive glucoregulator CNS receptor is not impaired in the
      hypophysectomized state. The initial phase of its effect, the sudden decrease of
      the blood sugar level, appears to be independent of pituitary hormone secretion.

PMID- 170073
TI  - Influence of thyroid hormone on glycogen metabolism in rat liver.
AB  - The livers removed from thyroidectomized and L-T4 supplemented rats were rapidly
      frozen by Freon-12 chilled with liquid nitrogen, and concentrations of
      metabolites which affect glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase were determined.
      Serum and liver glycose levels were not changed in any thyroid functioning. But
      liver G6P and ATP were increased by thyroidectomy and decreased by L-T4
      supplement, while cAMP was increased by the hormone supplement. The "enzyme
      activity" ratio of glycogen synthetase a to phosphorylase a was increased by
      thyroidectomy and decreased by L-T4 supplement. The most intimate correlation was
      observed between the "enzyme activity" ratio and the ratio of the "energy charge"
      ratio of cAMP among other indices calculated from changes in the metabolite
      concentrations in the various thyroid functioning. The change in the substrate
      levels brought about by thyroidectomy and L-T4 supplement appeared to modulate
      both the enzyme activities which in turn regulate the glycogen metabolism.

PMID- 170074
TI  - Determination of the association constants and maximum binding capacities between
      estradiol and cytosol of the uterus by the least-squares analysis of the
      Scatchard plot.
AB  - The association constants and the binding capacities of association of small
      molecules with macromolecules have been determined by the tangent analysis, the
      graphical analysis, and the computer data analysis, by trial and convergence of
      the Scatchard plot. The analytical method for the calculation of the binding
      parameters based on the Scatchard plot was derived and the optimum values of the
      binding parameters were obtained by the least squares calculation based on the
      analytical method. The errors by the analytical method were smaller than those by
      the graphical method in the equilibrium system between 3H-estradiol and some
      cytosols of uterus.

PMID- 170075
TI  - Respiratory effects in toluene diisocyanate manufacture: a multidisciplinary
      approach.
AB  - A new plant manufacturing toluene diisocyanate (TDI) has provided a unique
      opportunity to investigate the effects of TDI vapor inhalation on respiratory
      health in a group of exposed workers who have been studied prior to the start of
      plant operation. In order to establish dose-response relationships and determine
      host factors, complete biologic monitoring, including pulmonary function and
      immunologic studies, has been performed concurrently with a comprehensive
      environmental monitoring program including continuous sampling for atmospheric
      concentrations of TDI. Study groups include workers with regular exposure to TDI
      in production jobs (83), workers with intermittent contact with this vapor,
      usually in maintenance (28), and a control group of workers employed outside the
      TDI area (55). This population is being followed for a period of 5 yr. The plant
      began operations in August 1973 with start-up procedures completed by the end of
      October. TDI spills occurred for numerous reasons, usually attributed to pump
      failure and resultant line blockage. Significant exposures also occurred in the
      drumming operation. The influence of these malfunctions is noted in the
      continuous monitoring data on atmospheric TDI concentrations which continue to
      reveal frequent excursions above the threshold limit value (TLV) of 0.02 ppm
      ceiling. These data are presented in relation to time and plant location.
      Although the first full year follow-up following initial exposure was not
      complete, certain preliminary clinical observations were made. A number of
      workers had episodes of acute respiratory symptoms related to single exposure to
      an irritant gas at work, usually either TDI or phosgene. It appears that two or
      three workers in the study population have become "clinically sensitized" to TDI
      and have been removed from regular TDI exposure. To date, the total number of
      workers who report the presence of recurring respiratory symptoms has not
      increased in comparison with the pre-exposure survey. Pulmonary function data
      after one full year of TDI exposure are not yet available. Pre- and post-shift
      ventilatory function studies do not indicate significant differences between the
      exposed and control groups. Selected individuals had carefully controlled
      inhalation challenge tests to monitored concentrations of TDI vapor under
      laboratory conditions. In workers suspected of having become "sensitized",
      immediate and/or late air flow obstruction was demonstrated and could be related
      to dose of inhaled TDI.

PMID- 170076
TI  - Nervous system degeneration produced by acrylamide monomer.
AB  - Acrylamide, widely employed as a vinyl monomer in the polymer industry, is a
      potent neurotoxin to man and to animals. The cumulative effect of prolonged, low
      level exposure to acrylamide monomer is the insidious development of a
      progressive peripheral neuropathy. Sensory symptoms begin in the hands and feet
      (numbness, pins and needles), certain reflexes are lost and, with severe
      exposure, muscle weakness and atrophy occur in the extremities. The peripheral
      neuropathy may be supplemented by symptoms indicative of central nervous system
      damage (ataxia, tremor, somnolence and mental changes). The neuropathologic basis
      for this clinical picture has been determined in cats. Here, chronic acrylamide
      intoxication produces selective peripheral and central nerve fiber degeneration.
      Degeneration first occurs in the extremities of long and large nerve fibers which
      later undergo a progressive, seriate proximal axonal degeneration known as dying
      back. Especially vulnerable are sensory axons supplying Pacinian corpuscles and
      muscle spindles in the hindfoot toepads, while adjacent motor nerve axons die
      back later. Distal central nerve fiber degeneration is seen in the medulla and
      the cerebellum. The neurotoxic property of acrylamide is of practical concern in
      two areas. One major problem is the protection of factory workers engaged in the
      manufacture of acrylamide. A sensitive test of neurologic function in these
      individuals, i.e., touch sensation, based on the experimental observation of the
      exquisite vulnerability of Pacinian corpuscles in acrylamide intoxicated cats, is
      presently under consideration. The second area for concern is the exposure of the
      populace to minute amounts of neurotoxic acrylamide monomer which contaminate
      acrylamide polymers currently deployed in the environment. Federal restrictions
      on the maximum permitted exposure to acrylamide, based on a largely clinical
      study of acrylamide neurotoxicity conducted ten years ago, may require a re
      evaluation in the light of recent advances which have pinpointed the initial
      sites of nerve fiber degeneration.

PMID- 170079
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the liver after chronic exposure to methylmercury.

PMID- 170077
TI  - Physiological and toxicological aspects of smoke produced during the combustion
      of polymeric materials.
AB  - Normally one expects that flame contact is the major cause of injury and death
      during fires. Analysis of the factors involved in numerous fires has revealed
      that most deaths were not due to flame contact, but were a consequence of the
      production of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and other combustion products,
      such as aldehydes, low molecular weight alcohols, hydrogen cyanide, and other
      noxious species. The major emphasis within the scope of this paper relates to the
      physiological and toxicological aspects of smoke produced during the combustion
      of materials. Special emphasis is directed toward laboratory procedures which
      have been developed to determine the qualitative and quantitative analysis of
      smoke, factors pertaining to smoke development, and to measure the response of
      laboratory animals exposed to smoke. The effects that fire retardants,
      incorporated into polymeric materials as a means of improving flammability
      characteristics, may have on smoke development, the mechanism of polymer
      degradation, and on the survival response of laboratory animals are also
      considered.

PMID- 170078
TI  - Epidemiology of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced respiratory disease.
AB  - This paper describes our experience with the respiratory effects of TDI. Five
      respiratory reactions attributable to TDI are described with supporting evidence.
      The reactions are sensitization, irritation from overexposure, acute loss of
      ventilatory capacity, accelerated loss of pulmonary function and induction of a
      general asthmatic state. Evidence is presented that suggests a safe exposure
      level.

PMID- 170080
TI  - Enzymatic changes in lung tissue of asbestotic guinea pigs.
AB  - The changes in the activities of some mitochondrial and soluble enzymes in the
      lungs of guinea pig, caused by three varieties of asbestos dust 120 days after
      intratracheal injection, were studied. Marked increase was observed in
      mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, diaphorase and malic dehydrogenase. Among the
      soluble enzymes, lactic dehydrogenase showed the maximum variation.

PMID- 170081
TI  - On the activity and regulation of anaplerotic and gluconeogenetic enzymes during
      the growth process of baker's yeast. The biphasic growth.
AB  - The anaplerotic and gluconeogenetic metabolism of baker's yeast was studied at
      the enzymatic level during glucose-ethanol diauxic growth in the presence and
      absence of aspartate. Of the two possible anaplerotic systems, only the pyruvate
      carboxylase by-pass was present during the whole growth process. The second
      system, the glyoxylate by-pass (isocitrate lyase as the indicator), like the
      specific enzymes of the gluconeogenetic metabolism, phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase and hexosediphosphatase began to appear only after the glucose had
      been consumed. The addition of glucose during the growth phase based on ethanol
      effected a rapid disappearance of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and
      hexosediphosphatase activities. The activity of pyruvate carboxylase decreased
      when the growth medium was supplied with asparate. The presence of aspartate had
      no effect on the activities of the other enzymes studied.

PMID- 170082
TI  - Dynamic control on the rate of the reduction of the b type cytochromes in
      submitochondrial particles.
AB  - 1. In the presence of antimycin and KCN the reduction of cytochrome b in
      phosphorylating submitochondrial particles followed a biphasic first-order
      kinetics. The transition from the first, rapid phase to the second, slow phase
      occurred while the reduction of chtochromes c + c1 and a through or around the
      antimycin block was still linear with time. Thus, the phase transition was due to
      a fall-off in the rate of cytochrome b reduction. 2. The biphasic reduction of
      cytochrome b was observed over a wide temperature range (0--30 degrees C), with
      succinate of NADH as electron donors and with phosphorylating particles or
      coupled rat-heart mitochondria. With rat-heart mitochondria the same biphasic
      reduction was observed in the presence of either carbonyl cyanide p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone or oligomycin. 3. In both the rapid and the slow
      phases, the rate of reduction of cytochrome b-561 was equal to that of b-565.
      Thus both cytochromes b-561 and b-565 were affected by the mechanism which
      determined the reduction-rate. Furthermore, each of these cytochromes could be
      reduced individually with rate constants typical of the slow phase. 4. The
      proportion of rapidly reduced to slowly reduced cytochrome b was independent of
      the degree of its reducibility and could be controlled by teh experimental
      conditions. When antimycin was used as the only inhibitor, 96% of the b-type
      cytochromes were reduced in the rapid phase. If the c and a-type cytochromes were
      first reduced by ascorbate and tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine in the presence of
      KCN and antimycin, all the b-type cytochromes were fully reduced at the slow
      rate. 5. With succinate, the rate of the rapid phase depended on the activation
      level of the succinic-dehydrogenase. The rate constant of the second phase was
      unaffected by the succinic dehydrogenase activity, if the preparation was more
      than 20% active. Furthermore, the rate constant of the slow reduction was the
      same with succinate, NADH, or even with durohydroquinone (which reacted directly
      with cytochromes b). 6. It is suggested that cytochrome b can exist in two forms:
      kinetically active or sluggish. The active form is rapidly reduced by the
      endogenous quinone (QH2) or durohydroquinone. The rate of the reduction of the
      active form by succinate or NADH is probably determined by the rate of the
      reduction of Q by the dehydrogenases. The second form of cytochrome b is
      characterized by its sluggish reduction by QH2 or durohydroquinone. 7. It is
      proposed that the transformation from the active to the sluggish form is induced
      by the reduction of a controlling group, named Y, located on the oxygen side of
      the antimycin inhibition site. When Y is oxidized, cytochrome b is in its active
      form, and when Y is reduced, cytochrome b is in its sluggish form. The nature of
      this kinetic control and a comparison with the mechanism controlling the
      reducibility of cytochrome b are discussed.

PMID- 170083
TI  - tRNA nucleotidyltransferase-catalyzed incorporation of CMP and AMP into RNA
      bacteriophage genome fragments.
AB  - Fragments of bacteriophage RNAs R17, MS2 and Qbeta obtained by incubation with
      commercial snake venom phosphodiesterase become substrates of the Escherichia
      coli tRNA nucleotidyltransferase. The transferase adds back CMP and AMP in
      conditions in which it remains highly specific of CCA-deprived tRNAs. The results
      suggest that the fragment from the 3' end of the viral genome and/or possibly one
      or more internal fragment(s) are recognized by the transferase. These
      observations might indicate that bacteriophage RNAs contain certain features
      probably present in all tRNAs and which are recognized by the transferase.

PMID- 170084
TI  - Paramagnetic and fluorescent probes attached to "buried" sulfhydryl groups in
      human carbonic anhydrases. Application to inhibitor binding, denaturation and
      refolding.
AB  - 1. The single -SH groups in the human carbonic anhydrases B and C have been
      modified under denaturing conditions. The modified enzymes recover catalytic
      activity after dilution of the denaturing medium with buffer. By this method a
      spin label and a fluorescent probe were specifically introduced into the
      molecules. 2. The modified and reactivated enzymes have similar kinetic
      properties, inhibitor-binding constants, circular dichroism spectra, and
      stabilities towards guanidine hydrochloride as the native enzymes. However, the
      esterase activity of the modified C enzyme is reduced to about 50%. 3. The
      spectra associated with the probes are insensitive to inhibitor binding in case
      of the B enzyme, whereas changes of electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum and
      fluorescence intensity respectively, were observed for the probe-containing C
      enzymes. The cysteines are located in different parts of the tertiary structures
      of the homologous B and C enzymes, and these observations suggest that small
      conformational changes accompanying inhibitor binding are localized to regions of
      the molecules near the active-site cavity. 4. During denaturation of the spin
      labeled B enzyme in 1.7 M guanidine hydrochloride a transient mobilization of the
      probe occurs, but the mobility is ultimately reduced to a low level. This
      observation supports previous evidence that denaturation under these conditions,
      in or near the transition region, mainly yields incorrectly folded molecules
      rather than stable intermediates between native and fully denatured molecules. 5.
      During refolding of fully denatured, spin-labeled B and C enzymes the mobility of
      the probe is drastically reduced within less than 0.1 s after dilution. This
      would reflect a very short lifetime of the randomly coiled state under these
      conditions.

PMID- 170085
TI  - An affinity-column procedure using poly(L-proline) for the purification of prolyl
      hydroxylase. Purification of the enzyme from chick embryos.
AB  - An affinity column procedure is reported for purifying prolyl hydroxylase. The
      procedure is based on the affinity of the enzyme for its competitive polypeptide
      inhibitor, and involves affinity chromatography in a column containing poly(L
      proline) of molecular weight 30000 linked to agarose, and the elution of the
      enzyme from the column with poly(L-proline) of molecular weight 5700. The enzyme
      is finally separated from this polyproline by gel filtration. The procedure was
      employed for purifying prolyl hydroxylase from an ammonium sulphate fraction of
      chick embryo extract. The recovery of enzyme activity varied in ten enzyme
      preparations from 50 to 82%, and the purified preparations synthesized from 59.3
      to 91.5 mumol hydroxyproline per mg enzyme per h at 37 degrees C with a
      saturating concentration of (Pro-Pro-Gly)5 as substrate. The enzyme was pure when
      examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a native protein or in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, and the amino acid composition of the enzyme
      agreed with that reported previously with only minor exceptions. The molecular
      weight of the enzyme measured by equilibrium in an analytical ultracentrifuge was
      240000, indicating that the enzyme had been isolated in the tetramer form.

PMID- 170086
TI  - Biospecific affinity chromatography in aqueous-organic cosolvent mixtures. The
      effect of ethylene glycol on the binding of lactate dehydrogenase to an
      immobilised-AMP analogue.
AB  - The effect of the weak polarity-reducing agent, ethylene glycol, on the binding
      of pig heart lactate dehydrogenase to N6-(6-aminohexyl)-AMP-Sepharose has been
      investigated. In the absence of the reagent and under the conditions used, a non
      specific interaction of the enzyme with the adsorbent led to recoveries of enzyme
      activity as low as 60% when the enzyme was eluted from the columns with a linear
      NADH gradient. The inclusion of low concentrations of ethylene glycol in column
      irrigants considerably improved the recovery of enzyme activity with quantitative
      recoveries being obtained in the presence of 20-30%. Concentrations of ethylene
      glycol about 35% altered the native conformation of lactate dehydrogenase and led
      to a decreased affinity for the immobilised ligand. Under these conditions, the
      altered protein fluorescence and decreased ability to bind NADH could be
      correlated with the chromatographic behaviour of the enzyme on columns of N6-(6
      aminohexyl)-AMP-Sepharose. These effects were exploited to elute the enzyme from
      a column of immobilised-AMP with a linear gradient of ethylene glycol.

PMID- 170087
TI  - Metabolism of isolated kidney tubules. Independent actions of catecholamines on
      renal cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels and gluconeogenesis.
AB  - Isolated kidney cortex tubules from starved rats have been used to study the
      actions of catecholamines on renal adenosine 3':5' monophosphate (Ado-3':5'-P)
      levels and gluconeogenesis. In accordance with previous workers, norepinephrine
      was found to increase glucose formation from lactate and pyruvate and to a
      smaller degree from malate, succinate, fumarate and glutamine. The stimulatory
      effect of 0.5 muM norepinephrine was additive to that of 0.1 mM Ado-3':5-P,
      indicating an Ado-3':5'-P-independent mechanism of catecholamine action. The
      effects of parathyroid hormone and oleate on gluconeogenesis were also additive
      to that of norepinephrine. A comparative study of the actions of different
      catecholamine derivatives revealed that gluconeogenesis was stimulated in
      parallel to the alpha-adrenergic potency of the hormones, whereas Ado-3':5'-P
      levels were increased according to the known beta-stimulatory potency of the
      agents. Although isoproterenol was by far the most effective in raising Ado-3':5'
      P levels, it was without effect on glucose formation from pyruvate, when added at
      0.1 muM. At the same concentration, phenylephrine, which had no effect on Ado
      3':5'-P levels, was the best stimulator of gluconeogenesis. The alpha-receptor
      blocking agent phentolamine inhibited the stimulatory effect of catecholamines on
      gluconeogenesis with a 50 times higher potency than propranolol, a beta-blocking
      agent. The fact that the stimulatory effect of Ado-3':5'-P was also blocked by
      propranolol, indicated an unspecific mechanism of action of this substance. The
      results indicate that the stimulatory effect of catecholamines on renal
      gluconeogenesis are mediated by an alpha-receptor and that they are independent
      from the stimulation of renal adenyl cyclase by these agents.

PMID- 170088
TI  - Muscle pyruvate kinase: interaction with substrates and analogues studied by
      difference spectroscopy. Comparative studies of the substrate-binding sites of
      various ATP phosphotransferases.
AB  - The substrate binding sites of pyruvate kinase have been studied by means of
      spectrophotometric investigations. Two binding sites, one for the nucleotide
      substrate and one for the acceptor, have been characterized. The interaction of
      nucleotide substrates with the enzyme, which is metal-dependent, results in a
      perturbation of the spectrum of the nucleotide chromophore characterized by
      hypochromic and red shift effects; the hydrophobicity of the nucleotide site was
      estimated by using a reporter group reagent, 2-(dansylamino)ethyl monophosphate.
      The comparison between the binding sites of several ATP phosphotransferases is
      discussed and some common features are reported.

PMID- 170089
TI  - N-acetylglutamate 5-phosphotransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Purification
      and ligand-directed association-dissociation.
AB  - N-Acetylglutamate 5-phosphotransferase (ATP: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5
      phosphotransferase EC 2.7.2.8), the second enzyme of arginine biosynthesis, was
      purified over 2000-fold from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The purification procedure
      involved a heat treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on
      DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-150, and hydroxyapatite. The purified enzyme was
      greater than 90% pure as judged by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      A molecular weight of approximately 230000 was obtained by gel filtration.
      Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels gave a single band corresponding
      to a molecular weight of 29000. Due to the capacity for self-association, the
      enzyme can exist in different states of aggregation depending on the nature of
      ligands and the concentrations of phosphate buffer. As estimated by gel
      filtration, the molecular weight was about 230000 in the presence of N-acetyl-L
      glutamate. With L-arginine, the feedback inhibitor, and MgATP forms of smaller
      molecular weight (minimum of approximately 65000) were found. A concurrent change
      in the sedimentation coefficient as a function of ligands was demonstrated by
      sucrose gradient centrifugation. The synthesis of N-acetylglutamate 5
      phosphotransferase was not repressed by exogenous L-arginine or its precursors.

PMID- 170090
TI  - Spin-labeling studies of urea-treated leucine aminopeptidase.
AB  - 1. Leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3-4-11-1) from bovine eye lens was spin-labeled at
      the most reactive thiol groups with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-[2-iodoacetamido]
      piperidine-1-oxyl. 2. Electron spin resonance spectra show two spectral parts
      corresponding to two local conformational states in the environment of bound
      label. One state (A) exhibits a strong immobilizing effect on the mobility of the
      bound label whereas the other one (B) immobilizes weakly. Independently on the
      degree of labeling a ratio of A:B approximately 4:1 was estimated. In B a
      hydrophobic environment of label was observed. 3. Treatment of leucine
      aminopeptidase by 6.2 M urea leads to the following structural changes. a) An
      additional weakly immobilizing conformational state (B') with reduced hydrophobic
      interactions and increased mobility representing an unfolded conformational state
      appears. B' shows a time-dependent increase of its extent at the expense of B and
      A' (half conversion time about 0.5 h). The extent of this conformational change
      is larger, if the enzyme is additionally complexed with Mn2+. b) Mn2+ complexed
      with the protein is partly released producting hydrated Mn2+. c) After withdrawal
      of urea the observed conformational changes in leucine aminopeptidase are fully
      reversible, giving the initial ratio of A:B approximately 4:1 even after long
      incubation. 4. 6.2 M urea is not able to destroy the strongly immobilizing
      conformational state A completely.

PMID- 170091
TI  - Synthesis of coenzymically active soluble and insoluble macromolecularized NAD+
      derivatives.
AB  - Alkylation at N-1 of the NAD+ adenine ring with 3,4-epoxybutanoic acid, followed
      by chemical reduction to the alkali-stable NADH form and alkaline Dimroth
      rearrangement, gave the NADH derivative alkylated at the exocyclic adenine amino
      group. Enzymic reoxidation of the latter derivative gave nicotinamide-6-(2
      hydroxy-3-carboxypropylamino)purine dinucleotide, a functionalized NAD+ analogue
      carrying an omega-carboxyalkyl side-chain at the exocyclic adenine amino group.
      Carbodiimide coupling of the latter derivative to high-molecular-weight water
      soluble (polyethyleneimine, polylysine) and insoluble (aminohexyl-Sepharose)
      polymers gave the corresponding macromolecularized NAD+ analogues. These
      derivatives have been shown to be enzymically reducible. The polyethyleneimine
      and polylysine analogues showed a substantial degree of efficiency relative to
      free NAD+ with rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase (60 and 25% respectively) but
      a lower one with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and Bacillus subtilis alanine
      dehydrogenase (2-7%). The polyethyleneimine derivative entrapped in cellulose
      triacetate fibres together with the lactate dehydrogenase was operationally
      stable during repetitive use.

PMID- 170092
TI  - 12-(9-Anthroyl)stearic acid, a fluorescent probe for the ubiquinone region of the
      mitochondrial membrane.
AB  - 1. 12-(9-Anthroyl)stearic acid can be incorporated into mitochondrial membranes.
      2. The fluorescence properties of the membrane-bound probe are different from
      those of the free molecule. 3. The intensity of emission and fluorescence life
      time of the probe is enhanced when, in the presence of substrate, the electron
      transport chain is reduced. 4. This change in intensity has been demonstrated to
      be a result of collisional quenching by oxidised ubiquinone in the oxidised
      membrane but not when the respiratory chain is in the reduced state. 5. In
      pulsing anaerobic mitochondria with oxygen the rate of the fluorescence change is
      found to be slower than the rate of ubiquinone oxidation, suggesting that the
      probe detects a structural transition in the mitochondrial inner membrane. 6.
      This transition results in a constraint on ubiquinone motion in the reduced
      system. Model experiments, using lipid dispersions, have been carried out to test
      some of the interpretations.

PMID- 170093
TI  - Flavocytochrome b2: kinetic studies by absorbance and electron-paramagnetic
      resonance spectroscopy of electron distribution among prosthetic groups.
AB  - The reduction by L-lactate of the prosthetic groups of flavocytochrome b2 (L
      lactate cytochrome c oxidoreductase from aerobic yeast, a tetrameric molecule
      containing one haem and one flavin mononucleotide per protomer) was
      reinvestigated. It was confirmed that the enzyme ultimately takes up 3 electrons
      per protomer from this 2-electron donor. Stopped-flow absorbance data at an haem
      isosbestic point to follow the oxidized flavin and in a haem band indicate that,
      under the conditions used, haem and flavin reduction time courses are
      indistinguishable, both being biphasic (phases I and II). Comparison with
      electron paramagnetic resonance data (Fe3+ haem and flavosemiquinone signals) led
      to a complete description at 24 degrees C of the time courses of the various
      reduction states of the prosthetic groups. It has been previously demonstrated
      (Morton and Sturtevant, 1964) that, after the formation of the enzyme-substrate
      complex, the electron transfer to the enzyme takes place as the first and rate
      limiting step of the turnover. In the present study, an initial burst of fully
      reduced flavin, of small amplitude, is detected at the very beginning of phase I
      (before 6 ms). The redox forms which accumulate thereafter till the end of phase
      I (30-35 ms) are the reduced haem (up to 80%), the flavin semiquinone (up to 50%)
      and the fully reduced flavin (from 25% up to 35%); the total of electrons
      distributed at the end of phase I is about 2 per protomer meaning that, in this
      phase, each enzyme site acts as a 2-electron and not a 3-electron acceptor. A 2
      electron flow as the limiting step during phase I with the rate constant kI
      accounts for the steady-state electron flow during catalysis. Phase I is followed
      by the much slower phase II which corresponds to the entry of the third electron
      and cannot be involved in the turnover. The interpretation of the results are
      given as a scheme, with the proper rate constants, allowing a satisfactory
      fitting of experimental data by simulation. Among the elementary steps required
      are a rapid distribution of one electron from reduced flavin to the haem, a rapid
      interprotomers dismutation between couples of flavin semiquinone regenerating two
      oxidized flavin per tetramer. The very low reactivity of the latter for the entry
      of the third electron per protomer is tentatively explained by the occurrence of
      a slow additional step limiting the final reduction reaction. It was observed
      that, over phase I and the beginning of phase II, from 15 to 200 ms, all the
      redox species remain apparently under equilibrium conditions. Parallel studies
      (titrations of flavocytochrome b2 by L-lactate) showed that the set of
      equilibrium parameters relative to haem and flavin species is significantly
      different in the "final" equilibrium (after 30 s) from that in the time interval
      15-200 ms. Such an anomaly suggests a conformation change takes place very slowly
      in the molecule after the acceptance of the first two electrons per protomer.

PMID- 170094
TI  - Purification of rheumatoid synovial collagenase and its action on soluble and
      insoluble collagen.
AB  - 1. The neutral collagenase released into the culture medium by explants of
      ehrumatoid synovial tissue has been purified by ultrafiltration and column
      chromatography, utilising Sephadex G-200, Sephadex QAE A-50 and Sephadex G-100
      superfine. 2. The final collagenase preparation had a specific activity against
      thermally reconstituted collagen fibrils of 312 mug collagen degraded min-1 mg
      enzyme protein-1, representing more than a 1000-fold increase over that of the
      active culture medium. 3. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide disc-gels with and
      without sodium dodecyl sulphate showed the enzyme to migrate as a single protein
      band. Elution experiments from polyacrylamide gels and chromatography columns
      have provided no evidence for the existence of more than one collagenase. 4. The
      molecular weight of the enzyme, as determined by dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, was 33000. 5. Data obtained from sutdies with the ion
      exchange resin and from gel electrophoresis in acid and alkaline buffer systems
      suggested a basically charged enzyme. 6. It did not hydrolyse the synthetic
      collagen peptide Pz-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-D-Arg and non-specific protease activity was
      absent. 7. The collagenase attacked undenatured collagen in solution at 25
      degrees C resulting in a 58% loss of viscosity and producing the two
      characteristic products TCA(3/4) and TCB(1/4). 8. At 37 degrees C and pH 8.0 both
      reconstituted collagen fibrils and gelatin were degraded to peptides of less than
      10000 molecular weight. 9. As judged by the release of soluble hydroxyproline
      peptides and electron microscopic appearances the enzyme degraded human insoluble
      collagens derived from tendon and soft juxta-articular tissues although rates of
      attack were less than with reconstituted fibrils. 10. The data suggests that pure
      rheumatoid synovial collagenase at 37 degrees C and neutral pH can degrade
      gelatin, reconstituted fibrils and insoluble collagens without the intervention
      of non-specific proteases. 11. The different susceptibilities of various
      collagenous substrates to collagenase attack are discussed.

PMID- 170095
TI  - Early nucleolar preribosomal RNA - protein in mammalian cells.
AB  - Early steps of ribosomal maturation have been studied by analysis of nucleolar
      extracts using different extraction procedures. Early 45-S nucleolar RNA is found
      to be associated with slowly sedimenting elements, distinct from previously
      described 80-S and 55-S nucleolar preribosomes. This early 45-S RNA has been
      shown to be of preribosomal type according to the following criteria. (a) When
      hybridized with nucleolar DNA, competition with rRNA can be observed; (b) its
      biosynthesis is sensitive to low doses of actinomycin D; (c) it is methylated at
      an early stage; (d) it contains no linked poly(A) segments. This early 45-S RNA
      seems to be specifically linked with proteins. The protein content of these early
      RNA-protein complexes is significantly lower than that for 80-S preribosomes. 45
      S RNA sensitivity to nucleolytic activities that can take place in the course of
      preribosome extraction has been found to be higher in these RNA-protein complexes
      than in 80-S preribosomes. Identical results were obtained when different
      mammalian cell species were studied (rat, hamster, or HeLa cells).

PMID- 170096
TI  - Nuclear protein-kinase activity in perfused rat liver stimulated with dibutyryl
      adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate.
AB  - Cytoplasmic and nuclear protein kinase activities from perfused rat liver have
      been studied in response to dibutyryl-adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate added
      at a concentration that stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis (100 muM). Total
      nuclear protein kinase, as assayed using a mixed histone fraction as phosphate
      acceptor, is increased by 5-fold within 8 min of the addition of cyclic
      nucleotide to the perfusate. In contrast the total cytoplasmic protein kinase
      activity is decreased to 50% of the control value. The protein substrate
      specificity of the protein kinase that is present in the nucleus in response to
      dibutyryl-adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate stimulation is similar to that of
      cytoplasmic, adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent, protein kinase but
      is distinct from that of the enzyme(s) present in control nuclei. The predominant
      species to protein kinase from stimulated nuclei has a sedimentation constant of
      3.9 S. This value is identical to that of the catalytic subunit of cytoplasmic
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. These data suggest that
      some of the effects of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate on nuclear events may be
      mediated through its interaction with the inactive protein kinase holoenzyme in
      the cytoplasm and the subsequent redistribution of the active catalytic subunits
      generated by this interaction.

PMID- 170097
TI  - Sequence determination of 5'-terminal and 3'-terminal T1 oligonucleotides of 18-S
      ribosomal RNA of a mouse cell line (L 5178 Y).
AB  - The 5' and 3'-terminal oligonucleotides of 18-S ribosomal RNA of L 5178 Y (a
      mouse cell line) obtained after total T1 ribonuclease hydrolysis were isolated by
      a diagonal procedure. They were localized on the fingerprint of T1-ribonuclease
      hydrolysed 18-S RNA. These two oligonucleotides were partially hydrolysed by
      snake venom and spleen phsophodiesterases and resulting products were
      fractionated bidimensionally. Their base compositions were determined by total
      hydrolysis with piperidine or snake venom phosphodiesterase. From these results
      the following sequences were deduced: pU-A-C-C-U-G for the 5'-terminal
      oligonucleotide and G-A-U-C-A-U-U-Aoh for the 3'-terminal oligonucleotide.
      Quantitative studies indicated that these sequences represent at least 70% for
      the 5' oligonucleotide and 85% for the 3' oligonucleotide of the terminal
      sequences of the 18-S RNA.

PMID- 170098
TI  - Protein kinase of bacteriophage T7. 1. Purification.
AB  - A protein kinase, ATP:protein phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.37) was detected in
      Escherichia coli after infection with bacteriophage T7. The enzyme was purified
      from the ribosomal wash fraction by conventional methods, affinity chromatography
      on Cibacron blue and on lysozyme coupled to Sepharose, and by cellogel
      electrophoresis. An approximately 5000-fold purification was achieved.

PMID- 170099
TI  - Induction of polyadenylate polymerase and differentiation in neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with dibutyryl-adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate or
      adenine induced axon formation and a three-fold increase in the polyadenylate,
      poly(A), content of the polysomal mRNA. The extracted poly(A) contained 90%
      adenylic acid and showed a mobility of 6--7 S in dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. Treatment with dibutyryl-adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate or
      adenine, also induced a 4--6 fold increase in a nuclear enzymic activity that
      incorporated [3H]ATP to an acid-insoluble polymer in a cell-free system. This
      polymer, like poly(A) extracted from the polysomal mRNA, was bound at high salt
      concentration to nitrocellulose filters. [3H]ATP incorporation was Mg2+
      dependent, sensitive to ribonuclease and EDTA and resistant to deoxyribonuclease
      and actinomycin D. There was no incorporation of [3H]UTP or [3H]dTTP and addition
      of TUP, CTP and GTP did not increase the incorporation of [3H]ATP. 5
      Bromodeoxyuridine induced axon formation of neuroblastoma cells and poly(A)
      polymerase activity, without increasing the poly(A) content in the polysomal
      mRNA. The results indicate that induction of axon formation of neuroblastoma
      cells is associated with an increase in the activity of poly(A) polymerase. It is
      suggested that the induction of this enzyme may be generally involved in cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 170100
TI  - Study of coenzyme binding site of octopine dehydrogenase using analogues of NAD+.
AB  - The binding of the coenzyme to octopine dehydrogenase was investigated by kinetic
      and spectroscopic studies using different analogues of NAD+. The analogues
      employed were fragments of the coenzyme molecule and dinucleotides modified on
      the purine or the pyridine ring. The binding of ADPribose is sufficient to induce
      local conformational changes necessary for the good positioning of substrates.
      AMP, ADP, NMN+ and NMNH do not show this effect. Analogues modified on the purine
      ring such as nicotinamide deaminoadenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide--8
      bromoadenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide--8-thioadenine dinucleotide and
      nicotinamide 1: N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide bind to the enzyme and give
      catalytically active ternary complexes. Modifications of the pyridine ring show
      an important effect on the binding of the coenzyme as well as on the formation of
      ternary complexes. Thus, the carboxamide group can well be replaced by an acetyl
      group and also, though less efficiently, by a formyl or cyano group. However more
      bulky substituents such as thio, chloroacetyl or propionyl groups prevent the
      binding. The analogues bearing a methyl group in the 4 or 5 position, which are
      competitive inhibitors, are able to give binary by not ternary complexes. The
      case of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide--adenine dinucleotide which does not give
      ternary complexes like NADH is discussed. The above findings show that the
      pyridine and adenine parts are both involved in the binding of the coenzyme and
      of the substrate to octopine dehydrogenase. The nicotinamide binding site of this
      enzyme seems to be the most specific and restricted one among the dehydrogenases
      so far described. The protective effects of coenzyme analogues towards essential 
      SH group were also studied.

PMID- 170101
TI  - Chlorinating ability of human phagocytosing leucocytes.
AB  - The course of chlorination in neutrophilic granulocytes has been shown. The
      process of 36Cl incorporation occurs during and after the engulfment of bacteria
      by granulocytes. Incorported radioactivity was found in insoluble fractions. The
      myeloperoxidase obtained from neutrophils catalyzes chlorination of protein
      (bovine serum albumin) and bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis) in the presence
      of hydrogen peroxide and chloride. The products of chlorination are insoluble.
      Chlorination in neutrophils is inhibited by the iodide and myeloperoxidase
      inhibitors azide and cyanide. A quantitative method of determination of
      biological chlorination in cells has been devised.

PMID- 170102
TI  - Prostaglandin 15-hydroxy dehydrogenase from human placenta.
AB  - The enzyme system prostaglandin 15-hydroxy dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the
      inactivation of all biologically active prostaglandins, has been purified 1270
      fold from human placenta. Kinetic studies on the enzyme have provided information
      on a well-organized control mechanism to avoid prostaglandin accumulation and for
      a fast prostaglandin degradation. 15-Ketoprostaglandin E2 and 13,14-dihydro-15
      ketoprostaglandin E2 inhibit prostaglandin 15-hydroxy dehydrogenase non
      competitively with respect to prostaglandin E2. The rate equation of enzyme
      reaction for two substrates was used for determination of the equilibrium
      constant and Michaelis constants of the enzyme. The following kinetic constants
      for prostaglandin 15-hydroxy dehydrogenase have been found. The equilibrium
      constant with repect to prostaglandin E2 is 18 muM, the Michaelis constant Km for
      prostaglandin E2 is 1 muM for NAD+ 44muM. The inhibition constants for 15
      ketoprostaglandin E2 ar Ki(slope) = 70 muM, Ki(intercept) = 150 muM, and for
      13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin E2 Ki(slope) = 80 muM, and Ki(intercept) = 150
      muM. The maximal velocity for the forward reaction is V1 = 0.45 mumol/min. These
      kinetic data exclude a random or ping-pong mechanism, and also a Theorell-Chance
      type as suggested by Braithwaite and Jarabak. We propose, therefore, a sequential
      ordered mechanism. The isoelectric point for prostaglandin 15-hydroxy
      dehydrogenase is at pH 5.35, judged by isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 170104
TI  - Epinephrine-binding plasma-membrane antigens in rat liver.
AB  - Detergent extracts of isolated rat liver plasma membranes were analysed in two
      dimensional immunoelectrophoresis against antiserum to plasma membranes. Enzyme
      staining of the immunoprecipitates revealed the presence of about ten antigens
      with nucleoside di- and triphosphatase activity. Most of these were earlier shown
      also to be NADH-neotetrazolium reductase active. In addition, two of these
      antigens exhibited L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase activity. As judged from
      autoradiography these plasma membrane antigens earlier characterized as
      multienzyme complexes bound [14C]epinephrine, and the same antigens were labelled
      regardless of whether membranes or membrane extracts were incubated with the
      radioactive hormone. The specificity of this binding was established in
      displacement experiments with unlabelled hormones or their analogues. Another
      hormone-binding antigen, also identified in the plasma membrane extract did not
      exhibit any known enzyme activity while three antigens with different enzyme
      activities had no epinephrine-binding capacity. [14C]Epinephrine-labelled plasma
      membrane extracts were chromatographed on Sepharose 4B and the fractions obtained
      were analysed in two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis combined with
      autoradiography. Nucleoside di- and triphosphatases of high molecular weights
      (5000000) were associated with L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase activity, while no
      such associations were detected in a lower molecular weight region (70000).
      Further immunological studies on the various fractionated antigens provided
      evidence that at least two of them occurred in both low and high molecular weight
      fractions. Hormone-binding membrane components in varying concentrations were
      found throughout the eluted extract.

PMID- 170103
TI  - Characterization of oxytocin receptors on isolated rat fat cells.
AB  - The binding of 3H-labelled neurohypophyseal nonapeptide hormone, oxytocin, to
      isolated rat fat cells has been measured under conditions where this compound
      elicits the known activation of glucose oxidation by these cells, called "insulin
      like" action. Uptake by the cells of the [3H]peptide as a function of various
      concentrations of the hormone in the medium indicated the presence of two classes
      of binding sites with different apparent affinities and capacities. The sites of
      the first type exhibit a rather high affinity, but low capacity, for oxytocin (5
      nM; 3 X 10(4) sited per cell) and appear to be saturable under a reversible
      process. Evaluation of dose-response relationships suggest that they may be
      directly related to the measured biological response (i.e. activation of the
      glucose to 14CO2 conversion). Competition experiments show that [3H]oxytocin
      binding to the cells remains constant within a large range of insulin
      concentrations. The apparent capacity of different hormone analogs to compete
      with oxytocin for binding to this class of receptors has been evaluated and
      compared with the measured insulin-like activity of these different compounds.
      The sites of the second category have significantly lower affinity, but higher
      capacity for oxytocin, and were found to be not saturable under the experimental
      conditions. [3H]Oxytocin uptake by ghosts prepared from the isolated fat cells
      showed striking similarities to the binding process described for whole cells,
      although the affinity and total capacity of the former were found to be slightly
      lower. The basal and adrenalin-stimulated adenylate cyclase of these fractions
      appeared to be unaffected by various concentrations of oxytocin. It is concluded
      that there may exist on the rat fat cell membranes a discrete number of oxytocin
      receptors possessing high specificity for oxytocin and exhibiting affinities and
      kinetic behaviour similar to those of other characterized oxytocin receptors.
      They are believed to be independent of the other hormonal receptors of the rat
      fact cells.

PMID- 170105
TI  - The order of cyanogen-bromide peptides and location of carbohydrate in the alpha2
      chain of guinea-pig skin collagen.
AB  - The alpha2 chain of guinea pig skin collagen contains two additional methionyl
      residues in comparison with the alpha2 chain of other vertebrate species. The
      order of the three CNBr peptides unique to the alpha2 chain was established on
      the basis of the homology of their primary structures to sequences of previously
      ordered regions in the alpha1 and alpha2 chains of other colagens. The two larger
      peptides, 4A + 4B, were found to correspond to the region homologous to alpha2
      CB4 of other species, while the smaller peptide, 3A, was homologous to the NH2
      terminal portion of alpha2-CB3. Thus, the order of the peptides in the alpha2
      chain of this collagen is 1-O-4A-4B-2-3A-3B-5. Periodate oxidation and alkaline
      or acid hydrolysis of the CNBr fragments showed that all of the hydroxlysine
      linked carbohydrate in the alpha2 chain was present in alpha2-CB4B. Carbohydrate
      analyses were most consistent with the existence of single monosaccharide and
      disaccharide units in this region.

PMID- 170107
TI  - Carcinogen-induced DNA repair in nucleotide-permeable Escherichia coli cells.
      Induction of DNA repair by the carcinogens methyl and ethyl nitrosourea and
      methyl methanesulfonate.
AB  - Ether-permeabilized (nucleotide-permeable) cells of Escherichia coli show
      excision repair of their DNA after having been exposed to the carcinogens N
      methyl-N-nitrosourea (MeNOUr), N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (EtNOUr) and methyl
      methanesulfonate (MeSO2OMe) which are known to bind covalently to DNA. Defect
      mutations in genes uvrA, uvrB, uvrC, recA, recB, recC and rep did not inhibit
      this excision repair. Enzymic activities involved in this repair were identified
      by measuring size reduction of DNA, DNA degradation to acid-soluble nucleotides
      and repair polymerization. 1. In permeabilized cells methyl and ethyl nitrosourea
      induced endonucleolytic cleavage of endogenous DNA, as determined by size
      reduction of denatured DNA in neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients. An enzymic
      activity from E. coli K-12 cell extracts was purified (greater than 2000-fold)
      and was found to cleave preferentially methyl-nitrosourea-treated DNA and to
      convert the methylated supercoiled DNA duplex (RFI) of phage phiX 174 into the
      nicked circular form. 2. Degradation of alkylated cellular DNA to acid solubility
      was diminished in a mutant lacking the 5' leads to 3' exonucleolytic activity of
      DNA polymerase I but was not affected in a mutant which lacked the DNA
      polymerizing but retained the 5' leads 3' exonucleolytic activity of DNA
      polymerase I. 3. An easily measurable effect is carcinogen-induced repair
      polymerization, making it suitable for detection of covalent binding of
      carcinogens and potentially carcinogenic compounds.

PMID- 170106
TI  - Influence of potassium and calcium ions on the phosphatidylinositol and
      phosphatidylcholine metabolism in rat fibroblasts after growth stimulation by
      calf serum.
AB  - In secondary cultures of embryonic rat fibroblasts which were arrested in G1 (G0)
      by serum depletion and subsequently triggered into the cell cycle by readdition
      of growth factors isolated from fetal calf serum the influence of the potassium
      and calcium concentrations in the medium on phosphatidylinositol and
      phosphatidylcholine metabolism was investigated. The incorporation of inorganic
      [32P]phosphate into phosphatidylinositol is dependent on the potassium content of
      the culture medium. The specific activity of 32P in phosphatidylinositol is
      increased at K+ concentrations between 0.1 and 1 mM. Also calcium (between 0.01
      and 2 mM) slightly stimulates phosphatidylinositol metabolism. Also the
      incorporation of myo-[3H]inositol is increased at potassium concentrations
      between 0.2 and 1 mM, whereas calcium is slightly inhibitory. The labelling of
      phosphatidylcholine with either [32P]phosphate or [3H]choline is not dependent on
      the potassium and calcium concentrations of the culture medium. Moreover, the
      phospholipid metabolism of permanently growing epithelioid and fibroblastoid
      cells lines, which were investigated, is considerably less dependent on the K+
      and Ca2+ ions.

PMID- 170108
TI  - An impaired response of adenylate cyclase to stimulation by epinephrine in
      adipocyte plasma membranes from genetically obese mice (ob/ob).
AB  - The present studies have established that there is an impaired response to
      epinephrine of the adenylate system in adipocyte preparations from obese
      hyperglycemic mice as compared to their thin littermates. In contrast, membrane
      preparations from both groups of animals were found to exhibit a similar response
      to fluoride ion. The response of adenylate cyclase to epinephrine was enhanced to
      a similar extent by increasing the ATP concentration in adipocyte plasma
      membranes from the two groups of animals. While GTP (0.1 muM) elicited an ATP
      like response of similar magnitude in adenylate cyclase activity in both membrane
      preparations, it did not therefore abolish the impaired response to epinephrine
      of adenylate cyclase activity in membranes of obese mice. The response of
      adenylate cyclase activity to (--)-epinephrine in membrane preparations from
      obese mice progressively diminished with the age of these animals. In contrast,
      the concentration of (--)-epinephrine required for half-maximal stimulation of
      adenylate cyclase was similar and remained unchanged with the age for both
      membrane preparations. These data suggest that a perturbation may occur in the
      coupling step between the hormone receptor and the catalytic site of the
      adenylate cyclase system in obese mice. While a 15-day restrictive diet or a 72-h
      period of fasting was found to normalize the hyperinsulinemia of obese animals,
      neither affected the response of adenylate cyclase to epinephrine in preparations
      of adipocyte membranes from these mice. These results suggest that the observed
      defect in the response of plasma membrane adenylate cyclase activity to
      epinephrine in obese mice does not result from their hyperinsulinism.

PMID- 170109
TI  - Human prolyl hydroxylase. Purification, partial characterization and preparation
      of antiserum to the enzyme.
AB  - Prolyl hydroxylase was purified from human foetal skin and from a mixture of
      human foetal tissues by the affinity chromatography procedure using poly(L
      proline). The enzyme from both sources was pure, when examined by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, as a native protein or in the presence of sodium
      dodecylsulphate, and enzyme activity recovery varied from 38% to 70% with seven
      enzyme preparations. The enzyme synthesized from 61.0 mumol to 82.7 mumol
      hydroxyproline mg protein-1 h-1 degrees C with a saturating concentration of (Pro
      Pro-Gly)5 as substrate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was identical with
      that of the chick prolyl hydroxylase when studied by gel filtration, and the
      molecular weights of the subunits of the enzyme were about 61000 and 64000 as
      determined by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      amino acid composition of the human enzyme was very similar to that of the chick
      prolyl hydroxylase. Antisera to human and chick prolyl hydroxylases were prepared
      in rabbits. A single precipitin line was seen between the antiserum to human
      prolyl hydroxylase and the human enzyme in double immunodiffusion, and no cross
      reactivity was detected between the human chick enzymes by this technique.
      However, a distinct cross-reactivity was observed between the human and chick
      enzymes in inhibition experiments.

PMID- 170111
TI  - Evidence for the amino-acid sequence of Crithidia fasciculata Cytochrome c555.
AB  - Evidence is presented which indicates that the amino acid sequence of cytochrome
      c555 from Crithidia fasciculata differs at sixteen positions from that of
      cytochrome c557 from Crithidia oncopelti. 101 residues were identified by dansyl
      Edman degradation, carboxypeptidase digestion or considerations of the
      specificity of trypsin and of these, thirteen were found to be different from C.
      oncopelti cytochrome c557. The remaining 11 residues found in the amino acid
      composition of the trypic peptides were aligned on the basis of homology with
      cytochrome c557 and three further differences are proposed. The total of sixteen
      amino acid differences is surprising in view of the morphological and biochemical
      similarities of these organisms, and illustrates the problem of taxonomy of
      morphologically simple organisms. In both cytochromes only one cysteine residue
      is involved in the attachment of the protein to the prosthetic group.

PMID- 170110
TI  - Synthetic inhibitors of adenylate kinases in the assays for ATPases and
      phosphokinases.
AB  - 1. Procedures are given for the syntheses of alpha,omega-dinucleoside 5'
      polyphosphates as inhibitors of adenylate kinases. The following order for the
      ability of inhibiting pig muscle adenylate kinase was observed: Ap5A greater than
      1:N6-etheno-Ap5A greater than Ap6A greater than Gp5A greater than Ap4A greater
      than Up5A. The synthesis of adenosine tetraphosphate, the starting material for
      Ap5A, is also described. 2. One molecule of pig muscle adenylate kinase binds one
      molecule of Ap5A. The difference spectrum of Ap5A-adenylate kinase with its
      maximum of 5050 M-1 - cm-1 at 271 nm, as well as the fluorescence properties of
      1:N6-etheno-Ap5A can be used for kinetic and binding studies. 3. The specific
      binding of the negatively charged Ap5A was exploited in the preparation of human
      muscle adenylate kinase. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity with an overall
      yield of 65%, the absolute value being 70 mg per kg of muscle. 4. The effect of
      Ap5A on adenylate kinase in extracts of various cells and cell organelles was
      tested. A ratio of 1:50 (mol/mol) for Ap5A to other nucleotides was used for
      suppressing the adenylate kinase activity in extracts of mammalian and insect
      skeletal muscel, of human erythrocytes and of Staphylococcus aureus. A ratio of
      1:5 was found to be necessary for the adenylate kinase from tobacco leaves and
      spinach chloroplasts, and a ratio of 2:1 was needed for suppressing the adenylate
      kinase from bovine liver mitochondria, human kidney homogenate and from
      Escherichia coli. Ap5A appears not to be metabolized in any of the above
      extracts. These results indicate that Ap5A can be used for evaluating the
      contribution of adenylate kinase to the production of ATP fro ADP in energy
      transducing systems. 5. Contaminating adenylate kinase can be inhibited by a
      concentration of Ap5A which does not interfere in the study of many
      (phospho)kinases and ATPases. The applications of Ap5A in the assay for
      nucleoside diphosphokinase and in the study of mechanical and biochemical
      properties of contractile proteins are representative examples. The use of Ap5A
      makes it possible to study the effect of ADP per se in such systems. 6. Sepharose
      bound Ap5A was used for removing traces of adenylate kinase from samples of
      myosin and creatine kinase. 7. In the presence of Ap5A the activity of creatine
      kinase was measured in hemolytic serum of venous blood, in plasma of capillary
      blood and in samples of whole blood after complete hemolysis had been induced.
      The clinical significance of these findings are shown for cases of myocardial
      infarction and muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 170112
TI  - Proton nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of low-spin ferriprotoporphyrin(IX)
      dimethyl ester.
AB  - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance shifts, spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation
      times have been measured of low-spin bis-pyridine ferriprotoporphyrin(IX)
      dimethyl ester in chloroform. From the relaxation behavior the hyperfine coupling
      constant has been obtained and the contact term of the chemical shift was
      calculated. Deviations between measured and calculated chemical shifts may be
      attributed to second-order Zeeman interactions. The geometry of pyridine
      coordinated to the fifth and sixth position of ferriprotoporphyrin(IX) dimethyl
      ester was estimated from measured relaxation rates. From the non-exponential
      decay of the Mz magnetization a mean lifetime of taub = 50 ms for pyridine
      attached to low-spin ferriprotoporphyrin(IX) dimethyl ester was found at 253 K.

PMID- 170113
TI  - Sturgeon glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The formation of binary complexes between sturgeon apoglyceralddhyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, coenzymes (NAD+ and NADH) and substrates (phosphate,
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate) has been studied
      spectrophotometrically and spectrofluorometrica-ly. Coenzyme binding to the
      apoenzyme can be characterized by several distinct spectroscopic properties: (a)
      the low intensity absorption band centered at 360 nm which is specific of NAD+
      binding (Racker band); (b) the quenching of the enzyme fluorescence upon coenzyme
      binding; (c) the quenching of the fluorescence of the dihydronicotinamide moiety
      of the reduced coenzyme (NADH); (D) the hypochromicity and the red shift of the
      absorption band of NADH centered at 338 nm; (e) the coenzyme-induced difference
      spectra in the enzyme absorbance region. The analysis of these spectroscopic
      properties shows that up to four molecules of coenzyme are bound per molecule of
      enzyme tetramer. In every case, each successively bound coenzyme molecule
      contributes identically to the total observed change. Two classes of binding
      sites are apparent at lower temperatures for NAD+ Binding. Similarly, the binding
      of NADH seems to involve two distinct classes of binding sites. The excitation
      fluorescence spectra of NADH in the binary complex shows a component centered at
      260 nm as in aqueous solution. This is consistent with a "folded" conformation of
      the reduced coenzyme in the binary complex, contradictory to crystallographic
      results. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. Binding of
      phosphorylated substrates and orthophosphate induce similar difference spectra in
      the enzyme absorbance region. No anticooperativity is detectable in the binding
      of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. These results are discussed in light of recent
      crystallographic studies on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases.

PMID- 170114
TI  - Preparation of an alcohol-dehydrogenase--NAD(H)--sepharose complex showing no
      requirement of soluble coenzyme for its activity.
AB  - 1. Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and an NADH analogue, N6-[(6
      aminohexyl)carbamoylmethyl]-NADH, have been co-immobilized to Sepharose 4B under
      conditions permitting binary complex formation between the enzyme and the
      cofactor. 2. The enzyme-coenzyme-matrix preparations were assayed with a coupled
      oxidoreduction reaction and showed activities, prior to addition of coenzyme,
      that were up to 40% of that obtained in excess of free coenzyme. 3. A molar ratio
      of 1:1 between the amount of bound enzyme was sufficient to obtain high
      activities in the absence of free coenzyme. 4. The highest recycling rate
      obtained for the immobilized nucleotide was 3400 cycles per hour. 5. Both thermal
      and storage stability of alcohol dehydrogenase was increased when the enzyme was
      co-immobilized with the NADH analogue. 6. The efficiency of the immobilized
      preparations (measured as product formation per minute and per assay volume) was
      higher (1.4 to 5 times in our assays) than the corresponding systems of free
      enzyme (in total enzyme units) and nucleotide in an identical assay volume.

PMID- 170115
TI  - Oestrogen receptors in chick oviduct. Characterization and subcellular
      distribution.
AB  - Macromolecular components with properties of oestrogen receptors have been
      identified in the 0.5 M KCl nuclear soluble, the nuclear insoluble and the
      cytosol fractions of laying hen and immature (2--4 weeks, untreated by hormone)
      chicken oviduct. 7n the 0.5 M KCl extract of laying hen oviduct nuclei, a
      receptor, of protein nature according to the effects of enzymic treatments, has
      been identified. It exhibits high affinity for oestradiol with an apparent
      equilibrium association constant KA = 4 - 109 M-1 at 4 degrees C. The binding of
      [3H] oestradiol is abolished by 1 muM oestriol, oestrone and diethylstilboestrol,
      but not by the same concentration of progesterone, testosterone, and cortisol.
      Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation studies in the presence of 0.5 M KCl
      indicate a sedimentation coefficient of 4.3 S, and there is partial aggregation
      in low-ionic-strength medium. The estimated number of binding sites per nucleus
      is about 5000, as calculated from DNA content of chick diploid genome. Most of
      the binding sites were found to be occupied by endogenous oestrogen(s).
      Oestradiol dissociates from the receptor according to an apparent two-step
      mechanism. The half-life time for the faster dissociation step is 18 h at 0
      degrees C, 25 min at 20 degrees C and 10 min at 30 degrees C, and for the slower
      one is 180 h, 115 min and 60 min, respectively. In the 0.5 M KCl extract of
      immature chicken oviduct nuclei, there are approximately 500 receptor sites per
      nucleus; their affinity for oestradiol is the same as in the case of laying hen
      soluble nuclear receptor. After repeated extractions of nuclei with 0.5 M KCl
      medium, a substantial quantity of oestrogen binding sites remains in the residual
      fraction. Binding characteristics of this insoluble nuclear receptor resemble
      those of the soluble nuclear receptor: high affinity for oestradiol (KA = 7 -
      10(8) M-1 at 37 degrees C) and specificity for oestrogens. The estimated number
      of binding sites are approximately 2000/cell for laying hen, and approximately
      1000/cell for immature chicken. In the high-speed supernatant fraction of laying
      hen oviduct homogenates, an oestrogen receptor is also present, but its
      concentration is low (less than or equal to 100 sites/cell) and at the limits of
      sensitivity of the methods used. In the cytosol of immature chicken oviduct,
      there are approximately 2500 oestradiol receptor sites per cell.

PMID- 170116
TI  - Further studies on the radioresistance of highly purified mouse and mammary tumor
      virus.

PMID- 170118
TI  - Effect of endogenous and exogenous murine leukemia virus infection on immunologic
      response.

PMID- 170117
TI  - Morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural observations of
      diethylstilbestrol-induced kidney tumors in the Syrian golden hamster.

PMID- 170119
TI  - Conversion of type III hyperlipoproteinaemia to type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia by
      a fat-free, carbohydrate rich diet.
AB  - Hyperlipoproteinaemia type III has been considered a clear cut clinical entity
      characterized by the presence of cholesterol rich "floating" beta very low
      density lipoproteins (VLDL) after ultracentrifugation. Carbohydrate inducibility
      is pronounced in type III. This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of a
      high carbohydrate diet in type III as an effort to clarify a suggested
      association between type III and IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. On an isocaloric fat
      free carbohydrate rich diet the lipoprotein pattern changed as the VLDL
      triglycerides increased 31 per cent on average and LDL and HDL cholesterol
      decreased by 40 and 22 per cent. The high ratio cholesterol/triglycerides in VLDL
      was normalized. The lipoprotein levels in serum after carbohydrate induction
      showed all characteristics of a type IV with high VLDL triglycerides, normal
      cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in VLDL, subnormal cholesterol levels in LDL and
      HDL with changed relation between LDL1 and LDL2. On electrophoresis the floating
      beta band disappeared. It is probable that depending on the nutritional
      situation, the metabolic defect in type III may be expressed either as a type III
      or a type IV. An explanation of the effects of the carbohydrate rich diet on the
      lipoprotein pattern is suggested.

PMID- 170120
TI  - Influence of peptides on reduced response of rats to electric footshock after
      acute administration of morphine.
AB  - Acute treatment of rats with morphine (10 mg/kg) resulted in a marked reduction
      of motor response to inescapable electric footshock (EFS). Nalorphine (2mg/kg)
      antagonized this action of morphine. Pretreatment with synthetic ACTH 1-24 (10
      IU) 60 min prior to testing also inhibited this morphine-induced reduction,
      whereas other ACTH-like peptides, lacking corticotrophic activity, were
      ineffective. ACTH 1-24 had no effect on the response of adrenalectomized rats to
      EFS after morphine. In intact rats dexamethasone pretreatment 4 hr prior to
      testing also antagonized the action of morphine on EFS. Taken together these
      findings suggest that ACTH 1-24 interferes with the antinociceptive action of
      morphine and that the integrity of the adrenal is essential for demonstration of
      this antagonism.

PMID- 170121
TI  - Enzyme activities and distributions following denervation of anterior and
      posterior latissimus dorsi muscles.

PMID- 170122
TI  - Effect of guanidine on quantal release of acetylcholine in the mammalian
      myoneural junction.

PMID- 170123
TI  - Influence of agents that act on DNA and RNA synthesis on the activity of poly(ADP
      Rib) polymerase.
AB  - The activity of poly(ADP-Rib) polymerase is enhanced in the presence of spermine
      and spermidine. Among the adenosine-like antibiotics tested, only formycin B and
      showdomycin cause an inhibition of the enzyme, which is competitive to NAD. The
      activity of poly(ADP-Rib) polymerase is not reduced by rifamycin, alpha-amanitin
      and 2-phenylethanol.

PMID- 170124
TI  - Mechanism of urea nitrogen binding by proposed oxidized starch gastrointestinal
      absorbents.
AB  - By use of 14-C label it was demonstrated that apparent binding of urea N to
      polyaldehyde starch was probably preceeded by hydrolysis to ammonium ion. Thus
      direct urea binding was not the mechanism through which ingested polyaldehyde
      starch might increase fecal N excretion in uremic patients.

PMID- 170125
TI  - Membrane fractions of rabbit granulocytes. 1. The presence of ouabain-sensitive
      ATPase and the electrophoretic patterns.
AB  - In one or two membrane fractions isolated from the homogenate of casein-induced
      rabbit granulocytes ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity was found definitely.
      Electrophoretic patterns of these membrane fractions showed no significant
      differences in staining for carbohydrate and protein.

PMID- 170126
TI  - APUD characteristics and immunocytochemistry of avian pituitary corticotrophs.
AB  - L-DOPA is taken up and decarboxylated by cells in the avian adenohypophysis,
      which are situated largely in the cephalic lobe. These APUD cells have been shown
      by sequential formaldehyde-induced and immunofluorescence to be corticotrophs and
      the relationship between the two procedures has been found to have a reciprocal
      quality.

PMID- 170127
TI  - Effect of insulin on the glucose uptake of protozoa.
AB  - Insulin stimulates the glucose uptake of Tetrahymena pyriformis. This shows the
      presence of insulin receptors in Tetrahymena, consequently receptors may be
      present in a level of phylogenesis, where the natural contact between the given
      hormone and the cell is unnecessary and impossible.

PMID- 170128
TI  - Effects of hypophysectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy and hormone replacement
      therapy upon organ monoamine oxidase activity.
AB  - Changes in MAO activity after hypophysectomy (HX) are not due to adrenal
      insufficiency. ACTH failed to reverse the effects of HX and enhanced the
      depression of cardiac and spleenic MAO. The data suggests both facilitatory and
      inhibitory effects of pituitary hormones on MAO activity.

PMID- 170129
TI  - Tobacco mosaic virus RNA carries 5'-terminal triphosphorylated guanosine blocked
      by 5'-linked 7-methylguanosine.

PMID- 170130
TI  - Subcellular distribution and intramitochondrial localization of three
      sulfurtransferases in rat liver.

PMID- 170131
TI  - Regulation of protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase by cyclic AMP and
      cyclic AMP antagonist.

PMID- 170132
TI  - Effect of cordycepin and cycloheximide on the induction of phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase by dexamethasone or N6, O2'-dibutyrylcyclic AMP in the isolated
      perfused rat liver.

PMID- 170133
TI  - Functional heterogeneity of rat liver parenchyma and of isolated hepatocytes.

PMID- 170134
TI  - Incorporation of biologically active proteins into liposomes.

PMID- 170135
TI  - Location of the T4 gene 32 protein binding site on polyoma virus DNA.

PMID- 170136
TI  - Enzymatic behaviour of lipoamide dehydrogenase isoenzymes immobilized on N-alkyl
      sepharose matrices.

PMID- 170137
TI  - Quantitation of hydroxylamine sensitive mono(adenosine diphosphate ribose)
      residues in different hepatic tissues.

PMID- 170138
TI  - A biomedical information source: the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol
      Information.
AB  - The National Clearinghouse for Alcohol Information (NCALI) is an information
      resource developed by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of
      the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. It provides numerous
      alcohol-related information services to professionals in a wide spectrum of
      biomedical and other disciplines, services that are designed to aid information
      users in the discrimination and selection of useful literature from the volumes
      of available information. One such service will provide the biomedical
      professional, working in an alcohol-related field, with announcements of recent
      information in categories that he selects from 110 possible fields of interest.
      Another information service is the quality evaluation of technical documents. The
      quality evaluation system, which is under continuing development and refinement,
      serves the literature user by providing a literature quality prescreening process
      designed to aid users in their literature review and monitoring activities.
      Additional information services provided by the clearinghouse include Grouped
      Interest Guides, Subject Area Bibliographies, a quarterly magazine and a periodic
      general interest information service, and a wide range of special publications.
      Reference services provide a suitable depth of response to information requests
      through services that range from assemblages of standard information materials,
      such as pamphlets and similar publications, to automated data base searches for
      more technically oriented information requests.

PMID- 170139
TI  - Molecular injury to mitochondria produced by ethanol and acetaldehyde.

PMID- 170140
TI  - [New preparations: Iodonat, an antiseptic agent].

PMID- 170141
TI  - [Determination of conjugated and free estrogen in male plasma (authors transl)].
AB  - Radioimmunoassay for conjugated and free estrone (E1), estradiol-17beta(E2) and
      estriol (E3) in male plasma was investigated, while no precise determination of
      conjugated estrogen in male plasma had been established. Each tritiated estrogen
      glucuronides for determining the recovery was added to 3 ml of plasma samples.
      These plasma samples were extracted with acetone, hydrolyzed with 15 vol% HCl at
      100 degrees C for 60 minutes, and resulting free estrogens were extracted with
      ether. These extracts were washed with 1% NaOH and 1% NaHCO3, and applied to
      microcolumn of Sephadex LH-20. Then they were determined by the radioimmunoassay
      as the same method of evaluation for free estrogen. Each mean values of plasma
      free and conjugated estrogen in 10 normal adult males was as follows: 36.0 +/-
      9.81 pg/ml(free E1), 29.5 +/- 11.0 pg/ml(free E2), 1.80 +/- 1.27 pg/ml (free E3),
      31.0 +/- 12.6 pg/ml (conjugated E1), 36.0 +/- 14.2 pg/ml (conjugated E2), 30.6 +/
      8.35 pg/ml (conjugated E3). Conjugated estrogen to free estrogen ratio was 1.45.

PMID- 170142
TI  - [Steroidogenesis in isolated adrenal cells of rat. -Effects of cyanoketone on
      pregnenolone and corticosterone production- (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to study the effect of cyanoketone on steroidogenesis of rat adrenal,
      the assay technique for corticosteroids released into the incubated media of the
      rat adrenal cells treated with collagenase was basically investigated.
      Corticosterone was measured by fluorometric method and pregnenolone by
      radioimmunoassay. Reliability of radioimmunoassay was satisfactory. About 400,000
      cells were obtained from one adrenal gland of male or female rats and sex
      dependent difference in pregnenolone and corticosterone production in response to
      ACTH was not found. Net corticosterone production by isolated adrenal cells was
      related to the log of the concentration of ACTH by a sigmoid curve over the range
      1 to 1000 muU/ml. The half-maximum response was observed at an ACTH concentration
      of 10 muU/ml, and maximum corticosterone production responding to ACTH (100-1000
      muU/ml) was about 5 mug/adrenal/120 min. When cell suspensions were incubated
      with 1000 muU/ml of ACTH, the conversion from pregnenolone to corticosterone was
      inhibited 50% by cyanoketone at a concentration of 2 times 10(-8) M. The
      conversion was completely inhibited at a concentration of more than 10(-7) M.
      Cyanoketone up to a concentration of 10(-5) M seemed to have no inhibitory effect
      on cholesterol side-chain cleavage. In the absence of ACTH significant amount of
      pregnenolone was formed (about 60 ng/adrenal) by isolated adrenal cells obtained
      from normal adult female rats during incubation with 10(-7) M of cyanoketone for
      60 min. To eliminate the possibility of the effect of endogenous ACTH which might
      be present in incubation medium, cell suspensions were obtained from
      hypophysectomized female rats. Incubations were carried out in the same condition
      as mentioned above and significant amount of pregnenolone was formed by cell
      suspension, which was about 35 ng/adrenal.

PMID- 170143
TI  - [Mucigenous skin metastases of a gastric adenocarcinoma].

PMID- 170144
TI  - [Postcoital contraception].

PMID- 170145
TI  - Brain neurotransmitters and their interaction with the hypothalamo-pituitary
      gonadal principles.

PMID- 170146
TI  - New developments in the neural regulation of LH-RH.

PMID- 170147
TI  - Current molecular insights into the mechanism of estrogen action.

PMID- 170148
TI  - Cytoplasmic binding of steroids in brain tissues and pituitary.

PMID- 170149
TI  - [Intragenital migration of spermatozoa and the cervical factor (II). "Effect of
      clomiphene used concurrently with estrogens on ovulation in infertile patients"
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 170150
TI  - Androgen-dependent accumulation of carnitine by rat epididymis after injection of
      [3H]butyrobetaine in vivo.
AB  - After i.m. injection of [3H]butyrobetaine into rats, the accumulation of
      carnitine into the epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, testis and heart
      was studied. The concentration of radiolabeled carnitine into the cauda
      epididymis increased linearly with time up to 72 h after the injection of the
      precursor, while its level in the prostate and seminal vesicles decreased
      rapidly. Very low levels of carnitine were found in the testis. Castration
      reduced the carnitine accumulation by cauda epididymis to 6% of the control
      levels while treatment of castrated animals with testosterone propionate (500
      mug/day) partly restored the carnitine uptake. Similar treatment with 17beta
      oestradiol valerate or 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone had no effect. Surprisingly,
      cyproterone acetate (5 mg/day) also significantly stimulated carnitine
      accumulation by the epididymis to a level above that of the castrated controls.
      Simultaneous injection of both cyproterone acetate and testosterone propionate to
      castrated animals caused an additive effect of these steroids. This indicated
      that cyproterone acetate in this system is working as a weak androgen. Treatment
      of rats with 17beta-oestradiol valerate also reduced carnitine accumulation by
      the cauda epididymis. This is due to suppression of pituiatry gonadotrophin
      secretion, since concommitant treatment with testosterone propionate (500
      mug/day) caused a normalization of the carnitine uptake. Treatment of intact rats
      with cyproterone acetate significantly reduced the epididymal weight, but not the
      carnitine accumulation. 17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone treatment had no effect
      either on the epididymal weight or the accumulation of the carnitine. Unilateral
      orchiectomy reduced the carnitine accumulation by the cauda epididymis to about
      40% of that occurring in the non-operated control side. This indicates that the
      luminal contact between the testis and epididymis or the luminal content of the
      epididymis itself is of importance for the androgen-dependent metabolic process
      occurring in the cauda epididymis. Castration or hormone treatment did not change
      the conversion of butyrobetaine to carnitine, or the carnitine uptake by heart.
      Carnitine uptake by the testis after [3H]butyrobetaine injection was rather low
      and this would exclude the possibility of synthesis of carnitine in the testis as
      a source of epididymal carnitine. Carnitine only accumulated in the cauda
      epididymis in vivo 4 to 96 h after injection of [3H]butyrobetaine. The presence
      of radioactively labeled butyrobetaine or methylcholine was not detected.

PMID- 170151
TI  - Some properties of androgen-binding activity in rat testis.
AB  - High-affinity (Ka approximately equal to 5 X 10(8) M-1 for testosterone) androgen
      binding activity in rat testis was shown to have a rapid dissociation rate
      constant (t1/2 = 3 min, 0 degrees C, 30% glycerol buffer) using dextran-coated
      charcoal to separate bound from free hormone. Because of this fact, exchange of
      endogenous and labeled hormone was complete in the assay incubation time (16 h, 0
      degrees C) and Scatchard plots of the high-affinity binding data were shown to
      measure total as contrasted to available sites. The binding was highly specific
      for androgens. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separated high-affinity
      androgen-binding protein (Rf 0.54) from albumin (Rf 0.62). Binding site estimates
      under saturating conditions or by Scatchard analysis of electrophoresis data
      utilizing [3H]dihydrotestosterone agreed reasonably well with estimates made by
      the charcoal technique using [3H]testosterone.

PMID- 170152
TI  - Similarities between 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone-receptor complexes from human and
      rat prostatic tissue: effects on RNA polymerase activity.
AB  - Protein macromolecules specifically binding [3H]5alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      ([3H]DHT) have been identified in cytosol and in nuclei prepared from human
      benign hypertrophic prostate. These macromolecules have similar properties to
      receptor proteins from other androgen-dependent tissues, as regards sedimentation
      coefficients on sucrose gradients and steroid specificity. Cytosol preparations
      from androgen-dependent tissues were able to transfer [3H]DHT in a recoverable
      protein-bound form to nuclei of other androgen-dependent tissues but not to
      nuclei of androgen-independent tissues. No transfer of radioactive steroid from
      cytosol of these latter tissues to any nuclei could be achieved. Labelled cytosol
      preparations from androgen-dependent tissues could stimulate the RNA polymerase
      activity of nuclei from androgen-dependent tissues but not that of nuclei from
      androgen-independent tissues. Cytosol preparations from these latter tissues
      could not affect RNA polymerase activity. Under suitable ionic conditions, human
      cytosol preparations containing DHT could stimulate both alpha-amanitin-sensitive
      and -insensitive RNA polymerase activities of human prostatic nuclei. However,
      rat ventral prostatic DHT-cytosol protein complexes were equally as efficient in
      performing this function, suggesting the possible involvement of specific DHT
      receptor complexes in this process. It is therfore suggested that receptor
      molecules from androgen-dependent tissues may not be species specific but may
      share properties which would facilitate research into the understanding and
      aetiology of pathological conditions.

PMID- 170153
TI  - Androgen-binding proteins in rat epididymis: properties of a cytoplasmic receptor
      for androgen similar to the androgen receptor in ventral prostate and different
      from androgen-binding protein (ABP).
AB  - The cytoplasmic recptor (CR) in rat epididymal 105,000 g supernatant was
      separated from the androgen-binding protein (ABP) by gel electrophoresis
      following labeling with [1,2,6,7-3H]-testosterone in vivo. ABP disappeared from
      epididymal supernatants after castration of hypophysectomy, while CR remained
      unchanged. CR was evenly distributed between caput and cauda, while much more ABP
      was present in caput. Properties of CR in epididymis and prostate were similar
      and distinctly different from ABP. Binding to CR was destroyed by charcoal
      treatment (1 mg/mg protein) of supernatant for 0 degrees C for 6 h, heating at 50
      degrees C for 30 min, or exposure to the sulfhydryl blocking reagent, p
      chloromercuriphenylsulfonate (1mM) at 25 degrees C for 30 min, while binding to
      ABP was unaffected. The isoelectric pH of CR (5.8) was higher than that of ABP
      (4.6). Dissociation of radioactive 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from CR and
      nuclear receptors was extremely slow (half-time at 0 degrees C is greater than 2
      days), while dissociation from ABP was rapid (half-time at 0 degrees C is similar
      to 6 min). Cyproterone acetate (250 mg/100 g body weight) inhibited binding to CR
      both in epididymis and ventral prostate but did not affect binding to ABP.
      Nuclear uptake was inhibited by cyproterone to the same extent as binding to CR,
      indicating that nuclear uptake and binding are dependent on CR and independent of
      ABP. The time-course of uptake and binding in epididymal supernatant and nuclear
      fractions was essentially the same 1 day after bilateral castration when both CR
      and ABP were present or 8 days after castration when CR alone was present. It is
      concluded that the cytoplasmic receptor for androgen in rat epididymis has
      properties very similar to the androgen receptor in ventral prostate but
      different from ABP.

PMID- 170154
TI  - Apparent accelerated aging of human collagen in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The chronologic ages of human subjects were determined experimentally by
      enzymatic digestion of tendon collagen samples. Determined age closely matched
      actual age for individuals dying with a variety of major diseases. Juvenile
      diabetics did not fit this pattern; their experimentally determined ages were
      significantly greater than their actual ages. This raises the possibility of
      relationships between diabetes mellitus, changes in connective tissue, and
      accelerated aging.

PMID- 170156
TI  - Letter: Plasma alpha-lipoprotein pattern in acute viral hepatitis.

PMID- 170155
TI  - Deterioration of the microcirculation in diabetes.
AB  - Studies of the microcirculation in diabetes in the last fifteen years have
      concentrated heavily on anatomic and biochemical abnormalities of the capillary
      basement membrane. Greater insights into basement membrane changes have eclipsed
      the previous picture of widespread progressive deterioration of the entire
      microcirculation. The history, variety of organ involvement, pattern of
      circulatory decline, and associated anatomic, physiologic, and biochemical
      findings are re-examined so that recently described potential mechanisms for the
      development of diabetic microangiopathy may be understood in a broader
      perspective. The possible contributions of seven categories of diabetic changes
      to damage of the microcirculation are outlined. The categories are: (1) altered
      basement membrane, (2) altered cellular function, (3) cell metabolic changes, (4)
      altered blood flow properties, (5) distrubed hemostasis, (6) altered oxygen
      transport, and (7) altered hormone production. The variety of clinical
      manifestations in long-standing diabetes related to microangiopathy appears to be
      due to a combination of a widely variable over-all rate of progression and a
      differing ability of body tissues and organs to accommodate to the sequential
      circulatory changes. The slow rate of deterioration in most diabetics suggests
      that several abnormalities must interact to produce the observed progression. A
      clear understanding of the interactions responsible for diabetic microangiopathy
      is becoming more important as new options in the management of diabetes become
      available.

PMID- 170157
TI  - Effect of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate on colonic fluid and electrolyte
      movement.
AB  - These studies evaluated the effect of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS), a
      detergent and the active ingredient of some commercially available stool
      softeners, on intestinal fluid and electrolyte movement. DSS produced water,
      sodium and chloride secretion into the in vivo rat cecum. This secretion readily
      reverted to net absorption following replacement of DSS by isotonic saline. In in
      vitro studies, DSS increased the short circuit current and diminished sodium
      absorption. The increase in short circuit current was not observed either when
      HCO3 and chloride were absent from the incubation solution or when theophylline
      was present. DSS also significantly increased mucosal cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate levels. These results which are similar to previous studies of the
      effect of cholera enterotoxin on ileal mucosa and bile salts on colonic mucosa
      are consistent with the proposal that DSS stimulates fluid and electrolyte
      secretion which is mediated by increased mucosal cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate.

PMID- 170158
TI  - Control of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in normal rabbit colonic mucosa.
AB  - Although cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP, cAMP) is known to
      suppress DNA synthesis is cultured cells and experimental tumors, its role in
      normal intact tissue has been little explored. This study helps to define the
      influence of modifiers of cyclic AMP levels on DNA synthesis in rabbit colonic
      mucosa maintained in short term organ culture system. Base line studies showed
      that incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was linear for 24 hr and
      predominantly in mucosal cells, as shown by autoradiography. Colon from a normal
      fed rabbit showed a gradient of DNA synthesis, lowest in the cecum and increasing
      to a maximum, 3-fold greater, at the splenic flexure. This pattern was
      obliterated by fasting, at which time no formed stool remained in the colon, and
      all colon mucosa incorporated thymidine at the lower level of the right colon.
      Known modifiers of intracellular cAMP were found to depress colonic DNA
      synthesis. Theophylline inhibited DNA synthesis by 35% at 0.5 mM concentration
      and increased intracellular cAMP levels. This inhibition took 10 hr to be
      manifest and was at least partly reversible. It was by far the most active of the
      methylxanthines, consistent with its potency as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.
      N6,02-dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited DNA synthesis at concentrations as low as
      0.025 mM, whereas adenosine and sodium butyrate were ineffective up to 1.0 mM. 5'
      AMP did inhibit DNA synthesis, but only at 0.1 mM or higher and did not elevate
      intracellular cAMP levels. Other modifiers of cAMP which were effective included
      prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2alpha (2 times 10(-6) M) and papaverine (1 muM).
      Thymidine uptake was not affected by any of these drugs. The intrinsic thymidine
      pool was estimated at 20 muM by isotope dilution, and was not altered by
      theophylline. DNA synthesis in rabbit colon can be suppressed by increased cAMP
      levels within the time period allowed by organ culture. Thus, these drugs that
      elevated cAMP levels did not seem to suppress DNA synthesis by decreasing
      intracellular thymidine concentrations.

PMID- 170159
TI  - [The present status of the theory of induction of carcinoma of the cervix in man
      by herpes virus (author's transl)].
AB  - A large body of evidence has accumulated during the past decade suggesting that
      HSV-2 infection of the cervix may be a major precursor of cervical carcinoma. A
      brief review of the more significant findings to date is presented.

PMID- 170160
TI  - ["Chronic mastitis" and carcinoma of the breast seen from the viewpoint of Soviet
      russian pathologist (author's transl)].
AB  - The group around Prof. D. I. Golowin (Leningrad) distinguishes between the solid
      epithelial hyperplasia belonging to fibroadenomatosis of the breast and the solid
      form of lobular carcinoma in situ. The morphological details permitting the
      differential diagnosis are stressed (see table).

PMID- 170161
TI  - [Phasecontrast cytology for intraoperative diagnosis of malignant breast lesions
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The efficacy of a cytodiagnostic method using a wet preparation of freshly
      exstirpated suspected tumorous breast tissue and phasecontrast microscopy has
      been evaluated in 430 cases. 95% of the carcinomas present were found with this
      method. The rate of wrongly positive cytological findings was less than 1%. It is
      discussed what advantages of this method can be achieved by a well trained
      cytologist for the patient and the surgical organisation. Further this new method
      is a means to check the frozen section findings.

PMID- 170162
TI  - [Trophoblastic disease--clinical problems. Symposion by invitation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 170163
TI  - [Spectrophotometric determination of Leukanol in the waste waters from the
      emulsion polymerization manufacture of rubbers].

PMID- 170164
TI  - [Radiologic study of the gestational age. Evaluation of the femoral and tibial
      ossification centers].

PMID- 170165
TI  - [Maternofetal factors which determine initiation of labor].

PMID- 170167
TI  - [Problems of work hygiene in the manufacture of secondary sodium alkylsulfates
      based on alpha-olefins].

PMID- 170166
TI  - [X-ray functional studies for determining the functional state of the
      bronchopulmonary system in silicalcite manufacturing workers].

PMID- 170168
TI  - [Dependence of the biological action of halogen derivative organic substances on
      their reactive capacity].

PMID- 170169
TI  - [Content of cholesterol in pre-beta and beta lipoprotein fractions of blood serum
      and total cholesterol concentrations in women ingesting progestagen preparations
      as contraceptives].

PMID- 170170
TI  - Contractility of the fallopian tube.
AB  - Recordings of intratubal pressure in women reveal a complex pattern of tubal
      contractions. Overall activity of the fallopian tube is increased during
      ovulation. During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, activity is depressed
      but never suppressed. The fallopian tube remains active during gestation in
      contrast with the uterus which is quiescent. The early puerperal tube displays a
      pattern of activity similar to that recorded during the late luteal phase of the
      menstrual cycle. Activation occurs during suckling and in response to exogenous
      oxytocin, prostaglandins, nor-adrenergic compounds, and ergot derivatives. It is
      concluded that contractility of the fallopian tube is less influenced by ovarian
      steroids than that of the uterus.

PMID- 170171
TI  - Influence of orally administered sulfur on activity of oxidative and hydrolytic
      enzymes in guinea pig kidneys.

PMID- 170172
TI  - The behaviour of NAD+ and NADH in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus during n-alkane
      assimilation.
AB  - The behaviour of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides NAD+ and NADH in
      Acinetobacter calcoaceticus during n-alkane assimilation was studied, acetate and
      succinate being used as reference carbon sources. The intracellular concentration
      of the two nucleotides was found to increase during the exponential growth phase,
      reaching its maximum in the phase of decreasing growth rates. In the exponential
      phase, the NAD+/NADH quotients were less than 1 and showed only unimportant
      variations. In the phase of decreasing growth rates, the concentration of NADH
      showed a distinct decrease, reaching its minimum in the stationary phase.
      Parallel to this, the concentration of NAD+ showed a continuous increase until
      the stationary phase was reached. This resulted in an increase, during the phase
      of decreasing growth rates, of the NAD+/NADH quotients to values greater than 1,
      similarly as recorded in the stationary phase. There were no fundamental
      differences in this behaviour between the individual carbon sources.

PMID- 170173
TI  - Penicillinamidohydrolase in Escherichia coli. III. Catabolite repression,
      diauxie, effect of cAMP and nature of the enzyme induction.
AB  - Synthesis of penicillinamidohydrolase (penicillin acylase, EC 3.5.1.11) in
      Escherichia coli is subjected to the absolute catabolite repression by glucose
      and partial repression by acetate. Both types of catabolite repression of
      synthesis of the enzyme in Escherichia coli are substantially influenced by
      cyclic  3',5'-adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP). Growth diauxie in a mixed medium
      containing glucose and phenylacetic acid serving as carbon and energy sources is
      overcome by cAMP. cAMP does not influence the basal rate of the enzyme synthesis
      (without the inducer). Derepression of synthesis of penicillinamidohydrolase by
      cAMP in a medium with glucose and inducer (phenylacetic acid) is associated with
      utilization of the inducer, due probably to derepression of other enzymes
      responsible for degradation of phenylacetic acid. Lactate can serve as a
      "catabolically neutral" source of carbon suitable for the maximum production of
      penicillinamidohydrolase. The gratuitous induction of the enzyme synthesis in a
      medium with lactate as the carbon and energy source and with phenylacetic acid is
      not influenced by cAMP; however, cAMP overcomes completely the absolute
      catabolite repression of the enzyme synthesis by glucose.

PMID- 170174
TI  - Cross-resistance of Escherichia coli B/r to cis-platinum (II) diamminochloride,
      UV light and alkylating agents.
AB  - Gradual transfers of the strain Escherichia coli B/r on M9 agar with increasing
      concentrations of cis-platinum (II) diamminochloride (cis-Pt(II)) yielded a
      resistant strain SM 405 capable of growing on liquid M9 medium containing 250 muM
      cis-Pt(II). The parent strain Escherichia coli B/r is completely inhibited in
      both division and growth at cis-Pt(II) concentrations as low as 30 muM. The
      resistant mutant has a longer doubling time than the parent strain. No other
      differences were found between the two strains. To elucidate the nature of the
      resistance, the effect of cis-Pt(II) on the survival of the two strains was
      compared with that of nitrogen mustard, UV light and ethyl methanesulphonate
      (EMS). The resistant strain SM 405 was found to be more hardened against the
      lethal action of UV light and nitrogen mustard but less so against EMS. It had
      also a higher ability of a host-cell reactivation of UV-irradiated phage T3. The
      different resistance of the B/r and SM 405 strains is probably due to a mutation
      increasing the effectiveness of the excision repair in the latter.

PMID- 170175
TI  - Personality characteristics and sleep variables.
AB  - In a sleep study of 14 normal healthy adults an investigation was made of sleep
      measurements of a baseline record for its eventual relationship to the percentage
      of increase of REM percentage of the 1st recovery night following partial
      differential REM deprivation (PDRD), as well as to personality characteristics.
      The percentage of change in NREM sleep of the 1st recovery night was compared
      with the baseline record andthen compared with corresponding values of REM sleep.
      The results are summarized as follows. No significant correlation exists between
      the percentage of increase in the REM percentage of the 1st recovery night and
      sleep measures of the baseline record. An investigation of the relationship
      between sleep measures of the baseline record and personality characteristics
      revealed that stage SWS(%) was significantly greater in the introvert than in the
      extrovert, in the neurotic than in the non-neurotic, and in the nervous than in
      the optimistic. Comparison of the changes in NREM and REM sleep percentages of
      the 1st recovery night with the baseline record was made between paired
      personality characteristics. A significantly high percentage of increase in REM
      percentage was almost always associated with a significantly high percentage of
      decrease in stage 2 percentage. From these results it was inferred that an
      increase in REM percentage occurs at the expense of stage 2 percentage.

PMID- 170176
TI  - Characteristics of poor sleep with the normal human being.
AB  - 1. To investigate the differences between good sleep and poor sleep, 41 sleep
      records were observed with nine normal male subjects ranging in ages from 22 to
      40 years. A comparison was done of the differences of sleep records between the
      good and poor sleep estimations for each subject. 2. Poor sleep showed
      significantly shorter total sleep time (P less than 0.01) and significantly
      shorter stage 2 (P less than 0.05) than good sleep, but there were no differences
      in stages 1, 3, 4, stage REM, the percentage of every sleep stage to total sleep
      time, REM latency, mean REM duration, REM cycle and REM density. 3. Poor sleep
      showed longer latency for falling sleep (P less than 0.10) and a significant
      increase in stage changes from stage 2 to stage 3 (P less than 0.01) than with
      good sleep. 4. Poor sleep showed more prolonged awakenings and significantly
      longer durations spent for awakenings (P less than 0.05). 5. As to awakening in
      the morning poor sleep showed longer times required from terminal stage 2 and
      stage 4 and a significantly shorter time from terminal stage REM (stages 2 and 4,
      P less than 0.10, REM, P less than 0.01). 6. A certain amount of stage 4 and its
      decreasing seemed to be delayed in poor sleep, though its initial appearance
      wasn't. 7. REM periods of good sleep peaked at the third or the fourth REM stage
      and decreased to the fifth but those of poor sleep showed a gradual increasing
      from the second to the fifth having almost the same durations. 8. Awakenings in
      the morning often occurred from stage REM or just after an REM stage in poor
      sleep but in good sleep, on the other hand, occurred from stage 2. 9. The
      thresholds of natural wakenings from stages 3, 4 and REM of good sleep during the
      night might be higher than those of poor sleep.

PMID- 170177
TI  - Effect of subacute oral administration of zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) on
      the thyroid galnd and adenohypophysis of the rat.

PMID- 170178
TI  - [Chronobiological aspects of cyclothymia (author's transl)].
AB  - The paradoxical effect of sleep deprivation in endogenous depression has renewed
      the traditional interests of psychiatrists in the rhythmic phenomena associated
      with the symptomatology and course of cyclothymia. During the last decade, the
      rapid development of clinical research on sleep, neuroendocrinology,
      chromobiology and chronopathology in conjunction with important developments of
      methodology and statistical procedures have enabled a modern reconceptualization
      of the relationship between cyclothymia and disturbances in biological rhythms.
      An intensive review of the literature on circadian, ultradian, and infradian
      rhythms is reported here, and their relationship to the course and individual
      phases of cyclothymia is explored. The results of traditional analyses of sleep
      stages which had originally indicated that particular disturbances of sleep may
      be specific to cyclothymia have been shown to be incorrect. Rather, the
      abbreviation and fragmentation of sleep and the decrease of del asleep with
      concomitant increase in shallow stages have been found as well in serious sleep
      disturbances of other origins. Striking inter-and intra-individual variabilities
      in REM-sleep parameters characterize not only psychotic depression and severe
      mania but also a wide range of other acute psychoses...

PMID- 170179
TI  - Metabolism in normal and virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts as observed
      with glucose labeled with 14C and tritium and with tritium-labeled water.
AB  - Glucose metabolism in normal and virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblast cells
      in culture was observed by allowing the cells to metabolize [U-14C]glucose plus
      glucose labeled with tritium in the C-1, C-3, and C-6 positions. Similarities and
      differences between normal and transformed cells were observed and measured. Both
      normal and transformed cells are found to metabolize about 20% of the glucose via
      the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle, with the rates being about twice as much
      for transformed cells as for normal cells under the chosen conditions.
      Nevertheless, the ratio of glucose metabolized via oxidative pentose cycle to the
      net flow of that metabolized directly to fructose 6-phosphate is about the same
      in normal and transformed cells. Although the rate of flow of [14C]glucose into
      the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids derived from them
      appears to be the same in normal and transformed cells, the rate of tritium
      incorporation from H3HO into these intermediates seems to be much higher in
      normal cells.

PMID- 170180
TI  - Purification and properties of cytochrome c-556 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
      B2a.
AB  - Cytochrome c-556 from Agrobacterium mefaciens B2a was isolated in a pure,
      homoneous state. The best purification procedure volved ammonium sulphate
      fractionation, delting on Sephadex G-25, column chromatographic fractionation on
      DEAE- and CM-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 superfine.
      Substitution of the CM-cellulose step by isoelectric focusing was successful. The
      purity of the final preparation is warranted by the purity index value, the
      electrophoretic patterns in the absence and presence of sodium dodecylsulphate,
      the sedimentation profile and the N-terminal amino acid analysis (alanine). The
      absorption spectrum of reduced cytochrome c-556 has maxima at 318, 419, 526 and
      555.5 nm. The molar extinction coefficient for the alpha-band is 20 200M-1cm-1.
      The isoelectric point, determined both by preparative and analytical isoelectric
      focusing, is 5.55 +/- 0.10. The molecular weight of cytochrome c-556 was
      determined by gel filtration as 12000 and by dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis
      as 11 500.

PMID- 170181
TI  - Extraction of collagenase from the 6000 times g sediment of uterine and skin
      tissues of mice. A comparative study.
AB  - An enzyme capable of digesting native collagen in solution at neutral pH was
      extracted from the 6 000 times g sediment of the involuting uterus of the mouse
      and of the back skins of mice and rats. The collagenase could be dissociated at
      cold-room temperature from the sediment in about equal amounts when neutral Tris
      buffer containing 1.0M NaCl or 5M urea was used for the extraction step. The
      enzyme has been concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and the activity
      was measured by using [14C]collagen in solution at pH 7.5. Collagen breakdown
      products were identified by disc electrophoresis. The amount of enzyme extracted
      was a function of temperature and salt concentration. As 5M urea extracted
      collagenase from the sediment in a relatively short time, this method of
      extraction seems to be a useful tool for serial experiments in the study of
      collagenase activity in collagen-rich tissues.

PMID- 170182
TI  - Stimulation of collagen synthesis in a cell-free system by mRNA from chick
      embryos.
AB  - Embryonic chick RNA was translated in a cell-free system derived from wheat germ.
      One of the products synthesized in vitro under the direction of this RNA could be
      identified as collagen on the basis of collagenase digestion experiments and
      sodium dodecylsulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. By submitting the RNA to
      chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose, a 26-30-fold enrichment of the mRNA coding
      for collagen was achieved.

PMID- 170183
TI  - Improving hospital-nursing home relationships.

PMID- 170184
TI  - New laws and regulations must focus on continuity of care.

PMID- 170185
TI  - Home care project for indigent allows dignified care, cuts costs.

PMID- 170186
TI  - Pathology of the early lesion in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Ideas concerning the nature of multiple sclerosis continue to be strongly
      influenced by the unusual morphology of the disease. A review of classic
      histology studies, however, reveals that there is less agreement than might be
      supposed concerning several important histiological features of the early lesion.
      Electron microscopy of brain biopsies, of immersion fixed autopsy tissue and of
      autopsy tissue fixed by early in situ brain perfusion suggests that the mechanism
      of demyelination in multiple sclerosis may be an unusual one that involves a
      progressive reduction in the number of myelin lamellae around nerve fibers in the
      vicinity of cells of uncertain origin that contain filamentous and
      multilamellated cytoplasmic inclusions unlike the usual pleomorphic inclusions
      seen in myelin phagocytes. Lymphocytes are not directly involved in this process
      but are observed to contact the inclusion material following its delivery to the
      Virchow-Robin spaces. The putative neurogenic or viral antigen in multiple
      sclerosis may be contained in this material. The occurrence of filamentous nuclei
      in early lesions fixed by immersion is an unrelated phenomenon, which may be an
      autolytic or drug induced artifact although this has not yet been established.

PMID- 170187
TI  - The gangliosidoses.
AB  - The gangliosidoses are hereditary diseases with a recessive mode of inheritance
      and are caused by a genetically induced enzymatic block, which results in the
      accumulation of gangliosides in various tissues of the body, mainly in the brain.
      Although Tay-Sachs disease, the most commonly occurring of the gangliosidoses,
      has been known for nearly 100 years, additional variants of ganglioside "storage"
      disorders have been discovered during the past 15 years. Considerable progress in
      the knowledge of these disorders has been made with the advent of electron
      microscopy and with the elaboration of new biochemical and enzyme-chemical
      techniques. At the present the gangliosidoses are not amenable to therapy.
      Therefore the foreseeable future the pragmatic approach involves identification
      of the high-risk pregnancy and antenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 170188
TI  - Pathologic axons and synapses in human neuropsychiatric disorders.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies of cerebral biopsy specimens from patients with various
      forms of psychomotor retardation and dementia have disclosed pathologic changes
      in axons and presynaptic or postsynaptic processes. The clinical disorders with
      lesions in axons and presynaptic terminals are reviewed. Three basic
      abnormalities have been detected: proliferation of tubulovesicular structures
      which probably originate from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, "abnormal"
      mitochondria, and proliferation of 80 to 100 A filaments. Understanding of the
      pathogenesis of human disorders associated with axonic or "synaptic" lesions will
      probably depend on progress in areas of basic biomedical research concerned with
      the synthesis and turnover of biological membranes and the packaging and
      secretion of neurotransmitters, elucidation of mechanisms of cytoplasmic
      streaming and axoplasmic flow, and biophysical and biochemical characteristics
      and functions of "fibrous" proteins (neurotubules, neurofilaments, pathologic
      fibrous proteins). In several cases of mental retardation of unknown etiology,
      abnormal dendritic spines of cortical neurons have been observed with the use of
      the Golgi method. These dendritic (postsynaptic) disorders have been attributed
      to defective development ("dysgenesis"). The knowledge provided by
      ultrastructural analysis of brain tissue from the human disorders of mental
      retardation or dementia is "still formless, incomplete, lacking the essential
      threads of connection," and only future developments in lacking neurobiology will
      make possible the dissection of the primary phenomena from the secretory and
      probably irrelevant findings.

PMID- 170189
TI  - Letter: Proteinaceous material in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 170191
TI  - Stability of X chromosomal inactivation in human somatic cells transformed by SV
      40.
AB  - Clones of fibroblasts from a G6PD A heterozygote transformed with SV-40 did not
      express the G6PD silent allele in the transformed heteroploid cultures. In
      addition, transformed fibroblasts from a woman heterozygous for both G6PD A and
      HGPRT deficiency, subjected to selective pressure, did not reveal a single cell
      expressing either silent allele. Since the incidence of sex chromatin was
      significantly lower in these cells after transformation, it is likely that the
      loss of sex chromatin reflects the loss of the inactive X-chromosome at an early
      stage following transformation.

PMID- 170190
TI  - Lipodystrophy of the extremities. A dominantly inherited syndrome associated with
      lipatrophic diabetes.
AB  - A female patient with the following symptoms has been observed: complete absence
      of subcutaneous fat on the arms and legs, well developed adipose tissue on the
      trunk and face, severe hyperlipidemia, eruptive xanthomas, insulin resistant
      diabetes mellitus with lack of ketoacidosis, hepatomegaly and elevated basal
      metabolic rate. The patient thus exhibited all characteristics of lipatrophic
      diabetes (Lawrence type of diabetes). The mother and a sister of the patient were
      found to have the same peculiar appearance and a slight hyperlipidemia but no
      diabetes mellitus. The combination of this type of partial lipodystrophy with
      severe hyperlipidemia, insulin resistant diabetes mellitus without ketoacidosis
      and elevated basal metabolic rate was further observed in 2 unrelated patients
      without known familial occurrence. Thus partial lipodystrophy of the extremities
      is another, previously undescribed, syndrome associated with the Lawrence type of
      diabetes mellitus. In the 1 family the syndrome of lipodystrophy and
      hyperlipidemia is dominantly inherited. Besides the autosomal recessively
      inherited syndrome of congenital generalized lipodystrophy there is a
      heterogenous group of dominantly inherited syndromes with various types of
      lipodystrophy.

PMID- 170192
TI  - Red cell uridine monophosphate kinase polymorphism in Japanese.
AB  - Samples from 635 unrelated Japanese blood doners in Tokyo were examined for their
      red cell uridine monophosphate kinase phenotypes using starch gel
      electrophoresis. Three phenotypes were found: UMPK1 (570, 89.76%), UMPK 2--1 (63,
      9.92%) and UMPK 2 (2, 0.32%). The corresponding gene frequency for UMPK1 was
      0.9472 and for UMPK2 was 0.0528. The UMPK2 frequency in the present study was
      slightly higher than the previously reported value for Caucasians in the United
      States, but the difference is not statistically significant. A study of 15 twin
      pairs and their parents was in agreement with the hypothesis of autosomal
      codominant inheritance for UMPK.

PMID- 170193
TI  - Chromosome no. 1 of man and chimpanzee: identity of gene mapping for three loci:
      PPH, PGM1, and Pep-C.
AB  - Cytogenetic and biochemical analysis of 10 independant Chimpanzee-Mouse cell
      hybrids and of 18 subclones of one of these showed that PPH, PGM1 and Pep-C are
      localized on the Chimpanzee chromosome homologous to the human chromosome No. 1.

PMID- 170194
TI  - A rapid electrophoretic technique for human and Chinese hamster galactokinase.

PMID- 170195
TI  - Use of epithelial cell cultures for studies on the mechanism of transformation by
      chemical carcinogens.
AB  - Evidence is reviewed for and against four major theories of chemical
      carcinogenesis. The development of several normal and transformed epithelial cell
      lines which should be useful for the analysis of this problem is described. The
      detection of RNA viral particles in cells transformed with chemical carcinogens
      is a recurrent finding in studies from our own and other laboratories, but the
      significance of these particles in terms of the mechanism of chemical
      carcinogenesis remains to be determined. Finally, we have described the first
      mutants of chemically transformed epithelial cells which are temperature
      sensitive in the maintenance of the transformed phenotype. These mutants should
      be particularly useful for detecting the critical biochemical changes that
      distinguish a chemically induced tumor cell from its normal counterpart.

PMID- 170198
TI  - Host effect on vesicular stomatitis virus morphogenesis and "T" particle
      formation in reptilian, avian, and mammalian cell lines.
AB  - The morphogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in three reptilian cell
      lines (turtle heart, gecko lung, and viper spleen) was studied by thin section
      electron microscopy. Simultaneous growth studies were conducted in reptilian,
      chick embryo fibroblast, and BHK/21 cells to compare the yields of infectious VSV
      during serial passages. The mean length of gecko lung cell VSV measured from
      electron micrographs is statistically significantly shorter than that of VSV
      replicating in other reptilian systems studied. This observation, along with
      comparative growth studies, suggests the predilection of gecko lung cells to form
      "auto-interfering" truncated "T" rather than infectious "B" VS virions.

PMID- 170196
TI  - Properties of cells transformed by DNA tumor viruses.
AB  - Transformation by the papovaviruses, SV40 and polyoma, is reviewed briefly,
      including factors that affect the frequency of transformation. Virus markers
      useful in the determination of the etiology of virus-free tumors are described,
      including viral DNA, viral mRNA, virus-induced antigens, and the rescue of
      infectious virus. Finally, the evidence that viral genes are involved in the
      maintenance of transformation is presented.

PMID- 170199
TI  - Myxoma of the breast.

PMID- 170200
TI  - Immunization against experimental Chagas' disease by using culture forms of
      Trypanosoma cruzi killed with a solution of sodium perchlorate.
AB  - Protection against infection with virulent blood (trypomastigote) forms of
      Trypanosoma cruzi was accomplished in mice by immunization with culture (mainly
      epimastigote) forms killed by treatment with sodium perchlorate. Sodium chloride,
      used instead of sodium perchlorate, with all other conditions kept the same,
      failed to kill all the organisms, indicating that the effects of the perchlorate
      anion were not simply ionic or osmotic, suggesting that they might be chaotropic.
      A single dose of the immunogen, without adjuvants, was sufficient to
      significantly protect against the infection. Protection was achieved by either
      intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous immunization, though the first
      two routes appeared to be more effective. After challenge, parasitemias were
      negative in 25, 29, and 17% of the animals immunized intraperitoneally,
      intramuscularly, and subcutaneously, respectively.

PMID- 170197
TI  - Oncogenic properties of human viruses.

PMID- 170201
TI  - Pathogenesis of simian foamy virus infection in natural and experimental hosts.
AB  - Inoculation of simian foamy virus type 1 into New Zealand white rabits resulted
      in an infection which was very similar to that observed in naturally infected
      nonhuman primates. Both intraperitoneal and intranasal inculations were found to
      be efficient procedures for the establishment of the infection in rabbits.
      Infection by the nasal route was found to be the best method, whereas no
      infection could be established by feeding virus in the drinking water. Once
      infection was established, virus persisted in the tissues and organs for as long
      as 264 days after inoculation, during which time the animals maintained
      significant levels of neutralizing antibody. Infectious virus was recovered from
      spleen, liver, lung, salivary gland, kidney, and, to a lesser extent, the brain.
      Virus was isolated from the blood only during early infection and never from the
      urine. A comparison of the distribution of foamy virus in naturally infected
      monkeys and baboon with experimentally infected rabbits showed that both groups
      harbored infectious virus in the same internal tissues and organs. Recovery of
      infectious virus from both groups of animals was accomplished by cultivation
      and/or co-cultivation of infected cells onto Vero cells.

PMID- 170202
TI  - Effect to tween 80 and aquasol A on virus plaque formation.
AB  - The enhancement of vesicular stomatitis virus plaques on human embryonic lung
      cells in the presence of Tween 80 or Aquasol A was studied to determine the
      optimal conditions for the enhancement. Enhanced numbers and sizes of vesicular
      stomatitis virus plaques occurred when Aquasol A or Tween 80 was added to the
      cell culture 30 min before virus adsorption but not when added after adsorption.
      These substances did not have a direct effect on the virus and did not have an
      effect on virus adsorption or penetration. A few other viruses and cell systems
      were also studied to determine if enhancement would extend to other viruses and
      cell systems. The cell system seemed to be important since enhancement of
      vesicular stomatitis virus plating efficiency did not occur on chicken embryo
      cells. However, the virus was also important since vaccinia virus plating
      efficiency was not enhanced on the human embryonic lung cell. The greatest
      enhancement encountered was the increase in the plating efficiency of Friend
      leukemia virus on S+L- cells.

PMID- 170204
TI  - Response to primary infection with Herpesvirus saimiri in immunosuppressed
      juvenile and newborn squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Immunosuppression of juvenile squirrel monkeys with combined azathioprine,
      prednisolone, and antilymphocyte globulin resulted in decreased antibody
      responses to viral antigens after primary infection with Herpesvirus saimiri
      (HVS). The virus was repeatedly isolated from the oropharynx of immunosuppressed
      monkeys but not from untreated infected controls. Thus immune factors are
      important in inhibiting shedding of HVS from the oropharynx. HVS could be
      isolated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of infected control monkeys but
      not from the lymphocytes of immunosuppressed monkeys. Immunosuppressed monkeys
      also had decreased percentages of lymphocytes capable of forming rosettes with
      sheep erythrocytes. These results indicate that the  immunosuppressive agents had
      inhibitory effects on lymphocytes (presumably thymus derived) capable of being
      latently infected with HVS. Antibody responses in newborn monkeys infected with
      HVS were delayed compared with juvenile monkeys. Treatment of newborn monkeys
      with antilymphocyte globulin had no suppressive effect on antibody responses to
      HVS.

PMID- 170203
TI  - Candidate cytomegalovirus strain for human vaccination.
AB  - A strain of human cytomegalovirus called Towne was isolated in WI-38 human
      fibrolast cell cultures from the urine of an infected infant. It was then
      passaged 125 times in WI-38, including three clonings, and a pool was prepared in
      the same cell substrate for use as a potential live attenuated vaccine. The Towne
      virus has a broad antigenicity and cross-reacts with the AD-169 strain. Several
      markers of the Towne virus were found which differentiated it from fresh
      isolates. One of these was resistance of the former to trypsin. The Towne virus
      was tested for freedom from oncogenicity or other harmful effects in preparation
      for tests in humans.

PMID- 170205
TI  - Affinity chromatography purification of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.
AB  - Anti-enterotoxin immunoglobulins immobilized on CH-Sepharose or CNBr-Sepharose
      were used for affinity chromatography purification of Clostridium perfringens
      enterotoxin. Cell extracts containing enterotoxin or partially purified toxin
      preparations were applied to the column and nonspecifically-bound protein was
      eluted. NaOH was used to elute specifically bound toxin. The purity of
      enterotoxin purified by  Sephadex G-100 chromatography followed by affinity
      chromatography appears similar to toxin highly purified by conventional means.
      The procedure can be used  successfully for the rapid (less than 2 h)
      purification of small amounts of enterotoxin.

PMID- 170206
TI  - Neutralizing antibody responses to varicella-zoster virus.
AB  - Neutralization of varicella-zoster (V-Z) virus by human sera and immune rhesus
      monkey sera was enhanced by fresh guinea pig complement. There was no marked
      difference in the degree to which complement enhanced neutralization by sera from
      current V-Z virus infections and sera from long-past varicella infections.
      Immunoglobulin G neutralizing antibody in sera from varicella cases was enhanced
      by complement to a slightly higher degree than was immunoglobulin M (IgM)
      antibody, and immunoglobulin G neutralizing antibody in immune monkey sera was
      enhanced to a much greater degree than was IgM antibody. There was a rapid
      decline in the complement requirement of IgM neutralizing antibodies over the
      course of immunization of the rhesus monkeys. V-Z neutralizing antibody titers in
      the presence of complement were higher than complement-fixing titers of the same
      sera in all groups of individuals studied. IgM neutralizing antibody for V-Z
      virus was demonstrable in all cases of varicella but in only 1 of 22 zoster
      cases, and V-Z IgM neutralizing antibody was not detectable in primary herpes
      simplex virus infections in which heterotypic antibody titer rises occurred to V
      Z virus. Complement-fixing antibody for V-Z virus was absent in 19S serum
      fractions which contained IgM neutralizing antibody for the virus.

PMID- 170207
TI  - Increased adhesion of Chinese hamster ovary cells to substratum by cholera
      enterotoxin.
AB  - A new, simple assay method using Chinese hamster ovary cells was devised for
      cholera enterotoxin. The effect of the cholera toxin was measured by an increase
      in cell adhesion to the substratum. The increase was dependent on the
      concentration of the toxin used and was effective for a longer period of time
      than that of adhesion increased by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate and
      theophyline. There was a delay of about 60 min before the increase in adhesion,
      using the toxin, appeared, whereas the increase caused by dibutyryl cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate appeared almost at once.

PMID- 170208
TI  - Characterization of monkey peripheral neutrophil granules during infection.
AB  - Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) neutrophils were shown to contain the azurophilic
      granule maker enzymes myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase but were deficient
      in the specific granule markers alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme.
      Isopycnic centrifugation of leukocyte homogenates on linear sucrose gradients
      resulted in cosedimentation of myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase with an
      equilibrium density of 1.18. After an intravenous inoculation of monkeys with
      Salmonella typhimurium AKP activity became marked, whereas that of beta
      glucuronidase decreased and myeloperoxidase remained unchanged. Lysozyme was
      undetected throughout the course of the experiment, but was present in oil
      induced peritoneal macrophages and peripheral mononuclear cells. The induced AKP
      exhibited partial latency and had an equilibrium density of 1.15. It is unclear,
      however, whether the induced AKP is associated with specific granules or
      cytoplasmic membranes. Hence, while these data are consistent with the presence
      of azurophilic granules in polymorphonuclear neutrophils from infected monkeys,
      the presence of specific granules in polymorphonuclear neutrophils of both
      uninfected and infected monkeys remains moot.

PMID- 170209
TI  - Ultraviolet inactivation of Epstein-Barr virus: effect on synthesis of virus
      associated antigens.
AB  - The relative sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light of genome functions of the
      P3HR-1 strain of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was studied. The formation of viral
      capsid antigen (VCA) appeared to be more sensitive than that of early antigen
      (EA), while the synthesis of membrane antigen (MA) was most resistant, as seen on
      examination in the presence of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). However, the
      appearance of both VCA and EA, but not that of MA, was delayed with UV-irradiated
      virus, in either the presence or absence of Ara-C. The synthesis of EA and VCA
      induced by UV-irradiated virus was suppressed in the presence of Ara-C, while
      that of MA was not.

PMID- 170210
TI  - Production by EBV infection of an EBNA-positive subline from an EBNA-negative
      human lymphoma cell line without detectable EBV DNA.
AB  - A continuous lymphoma cell line, BJAB, derived from the tumour of an exceptional
      African case of Burkitt's lymphoma, has previously been described. Unlike 97% of
      African BL cases studied, neither the original tumour cells nor the cell line
      contained detectable amounts of EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) DNA, nor did they
      express the EBV-determined nuclear antigen EBNA. The cells of the established
      line had the characteristics of B-type lymphocytes and they carried receptors for
      EBV. EBNA was induced in the majority of BJAB cells after EBV infection. Usually
      the cells died within 10 days of infection, but it was possible to establish a
      permanent EBNA-positive variant (GC-BJAB) of BJAB. The patient from whose tumour
      the original BJAB line was established was seropositive for EBV antigens,
      indicating previous exposure to and continuing presence of the virus; yet the
      tumour had not become infected by EBV. This evidence shows that EBV is not
      readily "picked up" by the lymphoma.

PMID- 170212
TI  - Histological and combined chemoimmunostimulation therapy studies against a murine
      leukemia.
AB  - A Graffi murine leukemia was utilized as a model system to investigate the effect
      of chemoimmunostimulation therapy. Subcutaneous inoculation of approximately 1.0
      times 10(6) tumor cells resulted in a rapidly growing tumor at the site of
      inoculation and subsequent development of splenomegaly and lymphoadenopathy. All
      animals succumbed to the leukemia within 24 to 30 days. Treatment of diseased
      animals with two courses of cytoxan over a 2-week period resulted in a remission
      period of approximately 16 to 18 days before relapse and eventual death of
      approximately 70% of the drug-treated animals. A significant number of long-term
      survivors (50 to 83%) was obtained in groups of animals that received combined
      drug plus BCG or C. parvum therapy. In contrast, the administration of MER (a
      methanol-extracted residue of BCG) to animals in a drug-induced remission period
      was no more effective than drug alone. The protective effect afforded by BCG and
      C. parvum was dependent on the time interval between drug therapy and the
      administration of the immunostimulators. Treatment of leukemic animals with BCG,
      C. parvum, or MER alone proved ineffective as all mice died at approximately the
      same time as untreated control animals. No leukemic cells were observed in any of
      the histologically examined tissues taken from long-term survivors. The
      implication of these results for cancer therapy is discussed.

PMID- 170211
TI  - Vaccination against feline leukaemia virus using a cell membrane antigen system.
AB  - Cats inoculated with live feline lymphoblastoid cells of the FL74 line developed
      high titres of antibody to feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen
      (FOCMA). Eight cats were subsequently challenged with a large dose of feline
      leukaemia virus (FeLV) of a highly pathogenic strain. All resisted infection
      while 10 cats given the challenge virus alone became infected. The FeLV produced
      by FL74 cells was shown to be of extremely low infectivity in cats and in
      cultured feline cells. Cats inoculated with either FL74 cells or virus purified
      from them did not become infected. The purified virus did not induce FOCMA
      antibody in cats not previously exposed to FeLV. The fact that FL74 cells are
      highly immunogenic, but produce virus of low infectivity, is of value in devising
      vaccines against FeLV. Cats were also inoculated with FL74 cells which had been
      inactivated with paraformaldehyde. They developed FOCMA antibody, reaching a peak
      titre of 256, and no virus could be cultured either from the vaccine preparations
      or from the tissues of the cats.

PMID- 170213
TI  - Immunization against Marek's disease using Marek's disease virus-specific
      antigens free from infectious virus.
AB  - Immunity against Marek's disease was conferred by the use of non-infectious
      materials extracted with non-ionic detergents from cells infected with the
      attenuated strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV). Antibody-free Rhode Island Red
      chicks were inoculated at 1 week of age with cell extracts emulsified in Freund's
      complete adjuvant and were given a second inoculation 1 week later without
      adjuvant. Protection against natural infection was obtained in groups inoculated
      with both soluble (not sedimented at 100,000 times g/2h) and insoluble antigens
      present in Nonidet P40 (NP40) extract, but only with the insoluble fraction of
      deoxycholate extract. The results suggest that the immunizing antigens can be
      partially solubilized with 0.5% NP40 and that the growth and spread of MDV are
      reduced in immunized chickens.

PMID- 170214
TI  - Spleen-cell cytotoxicity for cytomegalovirus-transformed cells. II. Inhibition by
      cytomegalovirus antiserum.
AB  - Serum from hamsters immunized repeatedly with cytomegalovirus (CMV) was able to
      block spleen-cell cytotoxicity for CMV-infected and CMV-transformed cells.
      Inhibition was observed regardless of whether spleen cells were obtained from
      hamsters sensitized to the virus or to isografts of the transformed cells
      (designated Cx-90-3B, T-2). Such serum did not significantly block effector cell
      response against transformed cells expressing herpes simplex virus or SV40
      associated membrane antigens. The mechanism of blocking was investigated. It was
      found that the blocking activity could be adsorbed out with Cx-90-3B, T-2 cells
      but not by untransformed hamster embryo fibroblasts. Cx-90-3B, T-2 target cells
      treated with serum, and then washed, remained resistant to effector cell attack.
      On the other hand, if serum-treated attacker cells were washed their cytotoxic
      activity was not significantly impaired. These results suggest that the blocking
      factor in the serum is antibody-directed against cytomegalovirus-related membrane
      antigen. This conclusion is supported by the finding that the serum contained
      antibody specifically reactive with the transformed cell surface in isotopic
      antiglobulin tests.

PMID- 170215
TI  - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. X. Presence of epstein-barr genomes in separated
      epithelial cells of tumours in patients from Singapore, Tunisia and Kenya.

PMID- 170216
TI  - Tumour-associated transplantation antigen in sera of rats with large RSV-induced
      sarcomas.
AB  - A factor inhibiting tumour growth in syngeneic hosts was found in the sera of
      inbred Lewis rats carrying Rous sarcoma virus-induced tumour (RSL). The findings
      presented here suggest that the serum factor is a tumour-associated
      transplantation antigen (TATA) shed from the neoplasm into the circulation. All
      the tumour bearers' sera tested with RSL cells were negative in indirect membrane
      immunofluorescence;however, on passive transfer into syngeneic rats, they
      protected the animals against the growth of an RSL tumour inoculum. A similar
      protective effect was also observed after injection of TATA prepared from RSL
      cell membranes by solubilization with potassium cholate. When incorporated into
      Freund's adjuvant, tumour-bearers' sera immunized the animals against a
      subsequent RSL sarcoma graft. Sera collected from immunosuppressed rats bearing
      large sarcomas which presumably contain neither tumour-specific antibody nor
      antigen-antibody complexes, transferred inhibition of tumour growth to syngeneic
      hosts. Intact immunological reactivity of recipients was a necessary prerequisite
      for the protective effect of sera, since the passive transfer of an inhibitory
      serum to immunosuppressed rats did not inhibit tumour growth. We assume that the
      TATA present in tumour-bearers' serum is released from the growing neoplasm as a
      result of either cell death or membrane metabolic turnover.

PMID- 170217
TI  - Appearance of C-type virus-like particles after co-cultivation of a human tumor
      cell line with rat (XC) cells.
AB  - A serially progagated cell line (L104) was established by co-cultivation of alung
      adenocarcinoma (L-1) from a patient with concurrent chronic lymphocytic leukemia
      and XC, a non-producer rat line, known to carry the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)
      genome. Karyotype of the L104 cultures revealed predominantly rat-like patterns;
      however, about 5% of the cells reacted with HLA antibodies and demonstrated human
      isozyme patterns. Electron microscopy of L104 cells revealed the presence of C
      type particles budding from the cell membranes and in cytoplasmic vacuoles. Virus
      was not detected in any of the other normal lung, lung tumor or XC cells examined
      after co-cultivation with XC cells. The particles isolated from tissue culture
      fluids had the biochemical and biophysical characteristics common to other known
      mammalian C-type particles and were serologically related to the woolly monkey
      virus (WMV)/gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) complex. Cross-hybridization between
      viral 3H-DNA transcripts and cellular RNAs from virus-infected cells clearly show
      the presence of sequences in the L104 cellular RNA related to both the GaLV/WMV
      group of viruses and rat viruses. Hydroxyapatite chromatography reveals however
      that the primate-related sequences in the viral RNA are indistinguishable from
      WMV in thermal elution profile. The host range of L104 virus appears to vary
      greatly from WMV in being xenotropic and, in the cell lines thus far tested
      appears, to infect only rat cells. The virus gave positive KC but negative XC
      assays. Inoculation of whole cells or cell-free supernatants into weaning hamster
      did not result in either solid tumors or leukemia. Co-cultivation of appropriate
      cell lines may represent an approach to the detection of latent viruses in human
      neoplasia.

PMID- 170218
TI  - Temperature-dependent properties of cells transformed by a thermosensitive mutant
      (TS-121) of polyoma virus. II. Characterization of 121-6 cells.
AB  - The properties of 121-6 cells were characterized. This cell line is transformed
      by ts-121, a temperature-sensitive mutant of polyoma virus. Both the morphology
      and saturation density of the 121-6 cells were affected by temperature; i.e. at
      39 degrees C, the cells grew to monolayer sheets and remained contact inhibitied
      for a long time (at least 25 days), while at 35 degrees C, they grew beyond the
      monolayer density, like cells transformed by wild-type polyoma virus. These
      phenotypic changes were reversible, but increased agglutinability by Concanavalin
      A, which was another phenotype of these transformed cells, was not temperature
      sensitive, and even at high temperature, 121-6 cells, like transformed cells,
      showed high agglutinability.

PMID- 170219
TI  - Genetic control of oncogenesis by murine sarcoma virus Moloney pseudotype. I.
      Genetics of resistance in AKR mice.
AB  - Infection of Moloney mouse sarcoma virus (M-MSV) in adult mice of several inbred
      strains revealed that all strains except AKR are highly susceptible to M-MSV
      tumor development. F1 hybrids between AKR and CBA, DBA/2 or NIH mice are as
      resistant (93%) as the parental AKR strain, which indicates that resistance is
      transmitted as a dominant character. First backcross mice to the susceptible
      parent show a 3:1 ratio of resistant to susceptible mice. This is the expected
      ratio for two segregating loci which independently confer resistance. The
      incidence of resistant F2 mice is somewhat lower than expected. Further support
      for the two-gene hypothesis was obtained in second backcross mice. None of the
      major genes affecting MuLV infection (Fv-2 and H-2) seems to play any role in
      this system and no linkage was found with Thy. 1 and albino, dilute, agouti and
      brown markers.

PMID- 170220
TI  - Genetic control of oncogenesis by murine sarcoma virus Moloney pseudotype. II. A
      dominant epistatic susceptibility gene.
AB  - We have shown in the preceding paper that AKR mice are highly resistant to M-MSV
      tumor development, and that resistance is transmitted as a dominant character. In
      the present studies the tumor-response pattern of F1 hybrids between resistant
      AKR and susceptible strains (C57Bl/6, BALB/c and B10BR) following injection with
      Moloney mouse sarcoma virus (M-MSV) resembles that of the non-AKR parent.
      Segregation is observed in first backcross (Bc1) and F2 mice, and the segregation
      ratios up to Bc3 mice fit a one-gene model. The data of triple cross hybrids
      suggests that this dominant susceptibility gene inhibits the phenotypic
      expression of M-MSV tumor resistance in some susceptible Fv1bb strains as well as
      in their hybrids with AKR. Neither Fv-1 nor H-2 exerts any significant influence
      on this complex system.

PMID- 170221
TI  - Immunotherapy and vaccination against cancer with non-living BCG and cord factor
      (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate).
AB  - A vaccine containing non-living BCG and living tumour cells prevented the growth
      of 106 tumour cells introduced distally into the skin of guinea-pigs at the time
      of vaccination. A similar effect was achieved when living tumour cells of the
      vaccine were replaced by tumour cells pretreated with mitomycin C. The efficacy
      of the vaccine was significantly increased when cord factor was added to the
      vaccination mixture. The percentage of cures was about 88% (17 cases) in
      experiments in which the vaccine contained living tumour cells, 100% (10 cases)
      when mitomycin C-treated cells were used. The significance and implications of
      the above findings are discussed.

PMID- 170222
TI  - Detection of virus-specific DNA sequences by quantitative in situ hybridization
      during infection with SV40.
AB  - In situ hybridization has been used as a quantitative method to study the
      replication of SV40 during lytic infection. Various parameters have been defined
      such as fixation and denaturation of cytological preparations, concentration of
      complementary (3H)-cRNA and volume of buffer used for the hybridization reaction.
      When all these parameters are carefully controlled, a reproducibility of +/-10%
      can be obtained for the quantitative study of the system SV40-monkey kidney cells
      (CV-1). In this system, it is evident that the synthesis of viral DNA is not
      synchronized in confluent cells. Moreover, a proportion of 20 to 30% of cells are
      not labelled whatever the multiplicity of infection. In SV40-transformed cells,
      it was not possible to detect significantly the integrated genome due either to
      the small size of the genome or to the fact that the number of genome-equivalents
      integrated at the same place is too low to yield a radioactivitity superior to
      background level for long periods of exposure.

PMID- 170223
TI  - Transformation of mouse cells after infection with ultraviolet irradiation
      inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2.
AB  - A transformed mouse cell line (H238) was obtained following the infection of 238
      mouse cells with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-inactivated herpes simplex virus
      type 2 (HSV-2). The transformed cells produced tumors with a 100% incidence
      within 8 weeks in 6-week-old syngeneic BALB/c mice at an inoculum of 1 times
      10(6). Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) tests revealed the presence of HSV
      antigens in the transformed cells. Antibodies to HSV-2 were found in the sera of
      tumor-bearing animals by neutralization and IF techniques. Neither HSV-2
      infectious virus nor viral antigens could be detected by the transfer of
      transformed-cell DNA into permissive cells.

PMID- 170224
TI  - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to chemically-induced rat tumours.
AB  - Cell-mediated immune reactions against carcinogen-induced rat tumours were
      demonstrated by the in vitro microcytotoxicity test. Lymph-node cells from
      syngeneic rats immunized against individual aminoazo-dye-induced hepatomas or 3
      methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas were cytotoxic for cells of the immunizing
      tumour compared with the effects of normal lymph-node cells. Only a low level of
      cross-reactivity was detectable against target cells derived from otherr tumours.
      Conversely, lymph-node cells from tumour -bearing rats were cross-reactive
      against a range of tumour cells, suggesting that the tumour-bearer was sensitized
      against a common antigen(s) as well as the individually specific antigen
      associated with these tumours. Lymph-node cells were reactive at an early time
      (from day 2) after tumour implantation and their cytotoxic potential persisted
      until terminal stages of tumour growth. Spleen cells from tumour-bearer and
      tumour-immune donors also exhibited comparable cytotoxic reactivities of the same
      specificity as that shown by lymph-node cell preparations. These findings are
      discussed in relation to the development of cell-mediated immune responses in the
      tumour-bearing rat and in immunized rats which are capable of rejecting
      transplanted tumour cells.

PMID- 170225
TI  - Strain-dependent expression of endogenous mouse-tropic leukemia viruses in
      chemically induced murine leukemias.
AB  - The effects of two chemical carcinogens, nitrosobutylurea and 7,12-dimethylbenz
      (a) anthracene, on the expression of endogenous N- and B-tropic viruses were
      studied. The mice used were from two inbred strains, C57BL/6 and DDD-Fvr, and
      from 13 partially inbred strains derived from the cross of C57BL/6 with DDD-Ffr.
      These mouse strains are classified into three groups by the pattern of expression
      of endogenous viruses in normal, aged mice: (1) negative for both viruses; (2)
      positive for N-tropic virus only; and (3) positive for both viruses. Mice were
      given the carcinogens, and were tested at various intervals by the UV-XC
      procedure for the viruses in the spleens and other enlarged organs. Irrespective
      of the presence or absence of leukemias, the carcinogen-treated mice showed the
      same pattern of expression of endogenous viruses as that of non-treated normal
      mice. It can be concluded that the activation of the endogenous viruses is
      dependent on the mouse strains and that the growth of the activated viruses is
      not a necessary step for the chemical induction of leukemias.

PMID- 170226
TI  - Isozyme pattern of fructose diphosphate aldolase during hepatocarcinogenesis
      induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene in rat liver.
AB  - The biosynthesis of aldolase A and B subunits has been studied in rat liver
      during the administration of carcinogen AAF4. Transition from a predominance of
      aldolase B to A was observed during carcinogenesis in rat liver. Changes in
      isozymic pattern and FDP to F-1-P cleavage activity ratio were observed before
      histological alterations typical of hepatoma could be detected. Our data support
      the hypothesis of dedifferentiation during hepatocarcinogenesis which in an early
      stage results in switching on of the gene for aldolase A with simultaneous
      continuation of biosynthesis of aldolase B within single cells.

PMID- 170227
TI  - Narcotic antagonists: a reasonable method of treating narcotic dependency.
AB  - Historically, narcotic dependence has been treated primarily by substituting one
      narcotic drug for another. One alternative chemical treatment for narcotic
      dependency is through the use of a narcotic antagonist. The present study
      involves the observed side effects and outcome results of treating 40 male heroin
      addicts with the narcotic antagonist, cyclazocine, in the context of a
      comprehensive psychotherapeutic program. It is concluded that the side effects of
      cyclazocine are minimal, that cyclazocine is not diverted to the streets, and
      that it is an effective tool in the context of a comprehensive treatment program
      for narcotic-dependent individuals.

PMID- 170228
TI  - Liver disease in drug addicts: clinical course-toxicological and clinical
      pharmacological aspects.
AB  - Drug addicts admitted to the hospital had acute hepatitis in 44%, chronic
      hepatitis in 34%, toxic liver injury in 16%. About 50% of the patients with acute
      hepatitis were HAA positive. Patients with intravenous drug abuse acquired acute
      hepatitis after a mean period of 1.8 years. Acute hepatitis in drug addicts shows
      a prolonged course in the majority of the cases. Biochemically increases in serum
      bilirubin and transaminase levels are less pronounced as compared to non-addicted
      persons. 30-35% of the patients develop chronic hepatitis. Speed abuse promotes
      the tendency to cholestasis in acute episodes of liver disease. A toxic effect of
      the drug preparations upon the liver cells is assumed. Chronic hepatitis in drug
      addicts mainly develops from earlier acute hepatitis with prolonged course. In
      our material, the percentage of chronic hepatitis at present is 47.5%. Besides
      toxic effects, also repeated infections have to be discussed with regard the
      etiology and pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 170229
TI  - Clinical pathologic observations in pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
AB  - Skin biopsy material obtained from 2 patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum
      associated with congenital hyperphosphatasia was compared with skin biopsy
      material obtained from 3 patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum unassociated with
      any other disease. Clinically normal skin showed calcification of normal
      appearing elastin as the initial change in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Elastin
      fibers become more ravelled as the disease progresses. A previously unreported
      early transient calcification of collagen was demonstrated. Other abnormal
      collagen forms may also be present. The Von Kossa stain appears to be the stain
      of choice for identifying these earliest histologic changes.

PMID- 170230
TI  - Sialography with continuous measurement of pressure outside and inside the gland.
AB  - In almost any method of sialography the results depend on a sign given by the
      patient. In order to eliminate this very uncertain factor or to limit its effect,
      a procedure was established to determine the pressure in the gland after the
      injection of contrast medium, as well as the injection pressure during injection.
      The difference between injection pressure and gland pressure was minimized
      through the use of special cannulas. A special syringe was used. Pressure was
      recorded by a membrane transducer connected to electronic equipment. It appears
      that the pressures are below or about the same as the diastolic blood pressure.
      Pressure values do not correlate with the volumes injected. The standard
      deviation of the pressure is too large to make entirely superfluous the sign
      given by the patient; nevertheless, the method improves the quality and
      reliability of sialogram readings and extends the field of application to
      patients unable to give reliable subjective information.

PMID- 170231
TI  - Complex mitochondrial DNA.

PMID- 170232
TI  - [The problem-oriented medical record. A possibility to improve education and
      patient care].

PMID- 170233
TI  - [Asymmetric macrodactylia].

PMID- 170234
TI  - [The Rothmund-Thomson-syndrome. A case report].
AB  - This case of Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome is presented because of its association
      with hitherto unrecognized disorders, especially internal malignancy. The
      position and linkage of these associated symptomes with the genetically
      determined syndrome of Rothmund and Thomson is discussed.

PMID- 170235
TI  - A teaching evaluation questionnaire for postmyocardial infarction patients.
AB  - The above report is primarily a methodologic presentation of a questionnaire
      designed to assess the knowledge of patients with a recent myocardial infarction
      (MI) concerning the nature of their disease, emergency treatment, diet and
      smoking, resumption of physical activity, psychological factors important in
      heart disease, and problems encountered when returning home and to work. This
      questionnaire was designed to asses an in-hospital teaching program for post-MI
      patients in these areas. Test, re-test results from our first group of 24
      patients indicated they significantly increased their knowledge about problems
      surrounding their return home and to work during their time in the hospital. The
      failure of these patients to demonstrate a learning effect in the other areas
      covered has stimulated changes in the teaching program.

PMID- 170236
TI  - Hormone-receptor interactions. Demonstration of two message sequences (active
      sites) in alpha-melanotropin.

PMID- 170237
TI  - Isoenzyme heterogeneity in Danish populations of Aricia artaxerxes (Lepidoptera,
      Rhopalocera).

PMID- 170238
TI  - Hepatomas in a group of captive woodchucks.

PMID- 170239
TI  - Wildlife and environmental health: raccoons as indicators of zoonoses and
      pollutants in southeastern United States.
AB  - Inasmuch as terrestrial fauna are an integral part of our natural environment and
      are directly exposed to disease and pollutants, it follows that certain wild
      populations could serve to detect subtle alterations within ecosystems. A
      collection of studies on raccoons is presented to stimulate other researchers to
      develop the potential of our wildlife resources as monitors of environmental
      health. Raccoons have been used as serologic sentinels for St Louis encephalitis
      and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis. Studies suggest that the raccoon may be
      used as an indicator of leptospirosis, tularemia, and some enteric bacteria and
      viruses. Base line surveys have defined (1) residue levels of organochlorine and
      organophosphate compounds and (2) body burdens of mercury, cesium-137, and
      strontium-90. Physiologic responses, parasite burdens, and reproductive processes
      are also considered as measures that may reflect pertinent information about
      environmental health.

PMID- 170240
TI  - EM49, a new peptide antibiotic IV. The structure of EM49.
AB  - EM49 is a family of similar peptide antibiotics, each an octapeptide acylated
      with a beta-hydroxy fatty acid. This paper described the determination of the
      structure of the fatty acyl residue, the selective removal of this residue from
      the peptide portion of the molecule, and the sequential analysis of the peptide
      by the EDMAN method. The structure of EM49, 1, is derived by this degradation.

PMID- 170241
TI  - Sleep patterns afted graded exercise.
AB  - The effects of six graded and measured exercise activities on sleep patterns were
      investigated in two healthy young men. Electrophysiological recording were made
      continuously throughout the night to distinguish sleep states. This experiment
      was designed to test the hypothesis of a relation between physical activity and
      slow-wave sleep (SWS: stages 3 and 4 of non-REM sleep). A progressive increase in
      SWS over the whole-night sleep record was found with progressively increasing
      physical fatigue. A fall in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and at higher exercise
      levels, of stage 2 sleep, was found. The results support the hypothesis that SWS
      is involved in the recovery process from fatigue.

PMID- 170242
TI  - A new gas lesion syndrome in man, induced by "isobaric gas counterdiffusion".
AB  - Normal men have been found to develop pruritus and gas bubble lesions in the
      skin, and disruption of vestibular function, when breathing nitrogen or neon with
      oxygen while surrounded by helium at increased ambient pressure. This phenomenon,
      which occurs at stable ambient pressures, at 1 or many ATA, has been designated
      the "isobaric gas counterdiffusion syndrome." In a series of analyses and
      experiments in vivo and in vitro the cause of the syndrome has been established
      as due to gas accumulation and development of gas bubbles in tissues as a result
      of differences in selective diffusivities, for various respired and ambient
      gases, in the tissue substances between capillary blood and the surrounding
      atmosphere. The phenomenon here described in man is an initial stage of a process
      shown later in animals to progress to continuous, massive, lethal, intravascular
      gas embolization.

PMID- 170243
TI  - Respiratory capacity, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, and morphogenesis of
      Mucor racemosus.
AB  - A variety of cultural conditions were examined to determine the relationship
      between respiratory capacity and the growth of Mucor racemosus in the yeast and
      mycelial form. The results show that both yeasts and hyphae can develop when the
      respiratory capacity is low (e.g., in N2). In addition, the yeast form of the
      fungus could be grown in air in the presence of cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate
      with high respiratory rates characteristic of air-grown mycelia. These results
      indicate that their is not an obligatory relationship between respiratory
      capacity and morphogenesis in M. racemosus. Low intracellular levels of cyclic
      adenosine 5'-monophosphate, however, were correlated with aerobic mycelial
      development, whereas yeast development under CO2 was characterized by higher
      cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate levels.

PMID- 170244
TI  - Operator-promoter functions in the threonine operon of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The prophage curing properties of secondary-site lysogens of coliphage lambda
      have been studied. The site of integration in the original lysogen (L79) is
      within the ooerator-promoter region of the thr operon. As a result, expression of
      the thr enzymes is reduced, and the strain is a leaky threonine auxotroph. Heat
      pulse curing of strain L79 and a thr+ lysogenic revertant (L79-20) showed that
      heat pulse curing of both lysogens was int and xis dependent and occurred by
      correct excisions of the prophage. The heat pulse curing restored strain L79 to
      prototrophy whereas strain L79-20 synthesized the thr enzymes constitutively and
      at high levels. This indicates that the reversion mutation in strain L79-20
      occurred outside of the prophage and within the operator-promoter region of the
      thr operon. In contrast, spontaneous curing of both lysogens occurred by both
      correct and incorrect excisions. Spontaneously cured derivatives of strain L79-20
      gave rise to three classes of regulatory mutants affecting operator and promoter
      functions to the thr operon.

PMID- 170245
TI  - Neurospora crassa conidial germination: role of endogenous amino acid pools.
AB  - The levels of the endogenous amino acid pools in conidia, germinating conidia,
      and mycelia of wild-type Neurospora crassa were measured. Three different
      chromatographic procedures employing the amino acid analyzer were used to
      identify and quantitatively measure 28 different ninhydrin-positive compounds.
      All of the common amino acids were detected in conidial extracts except proline,
      methionine, and cystine. The levels of these three amino acid pools were also
      very low in mycelia. During the first hour of germination in minimal medium, the
      levels of most of the free amino acid pools decreased. The pool of glutamic acid,
      the predominant free amino acid in conidia, decreased 70% during the first hour.
      Very little glutamic acid or any other amino acid was excreted into the medium.
      During the first 20 min of germination, the decrease in the glutamic acid pool
      was nearly equivalent to the increase in the aspartic acid pool. The aspartic
      acid and lambda-aminobutyric acid pools were the only amino acid pools that
      increased to maximum levels within the first 20 min of germination and then
      decreased. It is proposed that an important metabolic event that occurs during
      the early stages of conidial germination is the production of reduced pyridine
      nucleotides. The degradation of the large glutamic acid pool existing in the
      conidia (2.5% of the conidial dry weight) could produce these reduced coenzymes.

PMID- 170246
TI  - Genetic analysis of succinate utilization in enzyme I mutants of the
      phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Studies on the reversion characteristics of Escherichia coli strains carrying
      various mutations in the pts region have led to the recognition of a mutation,
      suc-1, with a previously undescribed phenotype. Strains carrying the suc-1
      mutation grow normally on most sources of carbon but are unable to utilize
      succinate effectively. The suc-1 mutation can be separated genetically from the
      tightly linked ptsI6 mutation. Reversion of suc-1 mutants for growth on succinate
      yields interesting classes of suppressor mutations.

PMID- 170247
TI  - Independent constitutive expression of the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of
      glycerol catabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes.
AB  - Klebsiella aerogenes dissimilates glycerol aerobically via an inducible pathway
      initiated by an adenosine triphosphate-linked kinase that converts the substrate
      to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Phosphorylated glycerol is then dehydrogenated to
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate by an enzyme characteristic of a flavoprotein.
      Anaerobically, the organism dissimilates glycerol via an inducible pathway
      initiated by a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked dehydrogenase that
      converts the substrate to dihydroxyacetone. The keto product is then
      phosphorylated by another adenosine triphosphate-linked kinase. Two kinds of
      constitutive mutants have been isolated: one affecting the aerobic and the other
      the anaerobic pathway.

PMID- 170248
TI  - Metabolism of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and induction of tryptophanase
      in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The relationship between cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      metabolism and the induction of tryptophanase and beta-galactosidase was studied
      in several strains of Escherichia coli grown with succinate, acetate, glycerol,
      or glucose as the carbon source. No consistent relationship between the
      intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP in the several strains cultured and the
      various carbon sources was discerned. In E. coli K-12-1 the induction of
      tryptophanase was found to vary in the order: succinate greater than acetate
      greater than glycerol greater than glucose, and that of beta-galactosidase was
      found in the order: glycerol greater than acetate greater than succinate greater
      than glucose. Rate of accumulation of cyclic AMP in the culture filtrate was in
      the order: succinate greater than acetate greater than glycerol greater than
      glucose. The addition of glycerol to E. coli K-12-1 grown in acetate caused
      inhibition of tryptophanase and slight inhibition of accumulation of
      extracellular cyclic AMP. These same conditions caused beta-galactosidase
      induction to be stimulated. The addition of exogenous cyclic AMP to cultures
      grown with four different carbon sources had an effect characteristic for each of
      the two enzymes studied as well as each individual carbon source. The results
      suggest that there are control elements distinct from cyclic AMP and its receptor
      protein which respond to the catabolic situation of the cell.

PMID- 170250
TI  - CO2 production from galactose in galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase
      deficient Escherichia coli.
AB  - Escherichia coli K-12 deficient in galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase is
      capable of converting significant amounts of d-[1-(14)C]galactose to (14)CO(2),
      whereas strains deficient in other enzymes of the Leloir pathway cannot do so.

PMID- 170249
TI  - Inhibition of growth by erythritol catabolism in Brucella abortus.
AB  - The growth of Brucella abortus (US-19) in a complex tryptose-yeast extract medium
      containing D-glucose is inhibited by 10 mM erythritol. The enzymes of the
      erythritol pathway, except for D-erythrulose 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glycero
      2-tetrulose 1-phosphate:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) 4
      oxidoreductase) were detected in the soluble and membrane fractions of cell
      extracts. Glucose catabolism by cell extracts was inhibited by erythritol,
      whereas, phosphorylated intermediates of the hexose monophosphate pathway were
      converted to pyruvic acid with oxygen consumption. Erythritol kinase (EC
      2.7.1.27; adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP): erythritol 1-phosphotransferase) was
      found to be eightfold higher in activity than the hexokinase in cell extracts. In
      vivo, ATP is apparently consumed with the accumulation of D-erythrulose 1
      phosphate (D-glycero-2-tetrulose 1-phosphate) and no substrate level
      phosphorylation. ATP levels dropped 10-fold in 30 min after addition of
      erythritol to log phase cells in tryptose-yeast extract medium with D-glucose as
      the carbon source. These data suggest bacteriostasis in the presence of
      erythritol results from the ATP drain caused by erythritol kinase.

PMID- 170251
TI  - Mutants defective in binding activity for cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in
      Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
AB  - Mutants of Vibrio parahaemolyticus defective in binding activity for adenosine
      3',5'-cyclic monophosphate are described. They were selected with medium
      containing the nucleotide together with starch.

PMID- 170253
TI  - Induction of alpha-glucosidase and synthesis during the cell cycle of Myxobacter
      AL-1.
AB  - Alpha-Glucosidase of Myxobacter AL-1 was induced by the addition of maltose to a
      defined medium as the sole carbon source. This induction takes place during lag
      phase conditions without concomitant growth; it seems not to be regulated by the
      mechanism of catabolite repression. Using the method of density labeling with
      deuterated amino acids and subsequent analysis by equilibrium density gradient
      centrifugation in metrizamide-2H2O gradients it could be shown that the activity
      increase of the enzyme during induction is the the result of a de novo synthesis
      of the enzyme protein. After a short pulse of induction with maltose, alpha
      glucosidase exhibited a pattern of variation in enzyme activity during the cell
      cycle that was similar to the one observed after growth of the cells on maltose
      for several generations.

PMID- 170254
TI  - [Ultrastructures of the dental enameloid in Prionace glauca (L.)].

PMID- 170252
TI  - Role for deoxyribonucleic acid ligase in deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase i
      dependent repair synthesis in toluene-treated escherichia coli.
AB  - In a toluene-treated mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 having a temperature
      sensitive, conditionally lethal mutation in the structural gene for
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ligase, an extensive DNA repair synthesis occurred in
      X-irradiated cells at the nonpermissive temperature, 42 C. At the permissive
      temperature, 30 C, nearly normal semiconservative synthesis and limited repair
      synthesis were observed when DNA ligase was activated by the addition of
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

PMID- 170255
TI  - [Ultrastructure of dentin in Prionace (L.)].

PMID- 170256
TI  - Induction of phosphodiesterase by cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate in
      differentiating Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae.
AB  - Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate added to the starvation media of
      Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae induces both intracellular and extracellular
      phosphodiesterase activities of these cells. The induced enzyme activity appears
      several hours earlier than that in starved cells which have not been induced with
      cyclic nucleotide. In both cases, the appearance of enzyme is inhibited by
      cycloheximide, and actinomycin D, and daunomycin. The KmS for the extracellular
      enzyme(s) of nucleotide-induced and uninduced control cells are identical. The
      induction of enzyme activity seems specific for cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate since cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate, as well as other
      nucleotides, have no effect. No differences in the activity or excretion of
      either N-acetylglucosaminidase or the inhibitory of the extracellular
      phosphodiesterase are observed between cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      induced and control cells. A direct activation of phosphodiesterase by cyclic
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate can be excluded, since the addition of this
      nucleotide to cell lysates has no effect on the enzyme activity.

PMID- 170257
TI  - A comparative study on the removal of cellular lipids from Landschutz ascites
      cells by human plasma apolipoproteins.
AB  - The effects of human plasma lipoprotein-proteins on the removal of cellular
      lipids from Landschutz ascites cells were studied. Cellular lipids were labeled
      by injecting mice previously injected with ascites with either [3H]cholesterol or
      [3H]choline. Apoproteins from very low density (apoC-I, C-II, and C-111) and high
      density (apoA-I and A-II) lipoproteins were used. Each of the apoproteins alone
      was ineffective in removing cellular [3H]cholesterol. However, when synthetic
      phosphatidylcholines of known composition were added to each apoprotein and the
      experiments were repeated using either apoprotein-lipid mixtures or
      ultracentrifugally isolated complexes, the removal of sterol was considerably
      enhanced. Complexes of saturated phosphatidylcholines with apoA-II, apoC-I, or
      apoC-III were the most effective in releasing cellular sterol. Apoprotein
      phospholipid complexes were much less effective in removing cellular
      [3H]phosphatidylcholine than the free apoproteins; apoA-I and apoC-I were the
      best of the five apoproteins studied. When a comparison was made of the
      adsorption of iodinated apoproteins to ascites cells, 3 to 4 times more apoA-II
      and apoC-III were bound than apoA-I. The binding of apoproteins was time and
      temperature dependent. Approximately 50% of the radioactivity that remained in
      the washed cells was removed with trypsin. To determine if the counts remaining
      in the trypsin-treated cells were internalized, identical experiments were
      performed using human erythrocytes, cells that do not exhibit pinocytosis. Again,
      approximately 50% of the radioactivity of the iodinated apoproteins was not
      released by trypsin. Succinylation of apoA-II not only destroys its phospholipid
      binding properties but also its adsorption to red cells. These results suggest
      that the plasma apoproteins differ in their ability to remove cellular lipids and
      bind to both ascites and red cell membranes, and possibly to specific
      phospholipids, in such a way that only a part of the apoprotein is degraded with
      proteases.

PMID- 170258
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase-catalyzed stereospecific hydrogen atom transfer from
      reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to dicarboxylate radicals.
AB  - The dicarboxylate radical -OOC--CH--CH(OH)COO- was generated in an N2O-saturated
      fumarate solution by high energy ionizing radiation. When NADH was present in the
      solution, product analysis indicated a stoichiometry of 2 molecules of the
      radical reacted with 1 NADH molecule to form 2 malate and 1 enzymatically active
      NAD+ molecules. In a similar experiment using tritium label on position A of
      NADH, due to an isotope effect, only 10% of the label was transferred to malate;
      most of the remaining tritium was found in the NAD+ formed. When lactate
      dehydrogenase was added, however, no la bel was detectable in NAD+, and over 80%
      of the tritium lost from NADH was found in malate. The stereospecific transfer of
      the hydrogen atom from lactate dehydrogenase-bound NADH to the dicarboxylate
      radical suggested that the free radical reaction must have taken place at the
      active site. The hydrogen atom transfer was inhibited by oxamate. Results from
      flow experiments in which an irradiated fumarate solution was mixed with a
      solutionof lactate dehydrogenase and NADH are in support of a mechanism in which
      the hydrogen atom transfer occurs in the first oxidation step.

PMID- 170259
TI  - The interaction of apoA-I from human high density lipoprotein with lysolecithin.
AB  - The binding of apoA-I to lysolecithin has been studied by fluorescence and
      circular dichroism. The influence of the conformation of apoA-I on its
      interaction with lysolecithin has also been evaluated. ApoA-I is bound to
      lysolecithin with an association greater than 10(7) whether apoA-I is native or
      highly unfolded in 1.8 M guanidinium hydrochloride. The association of apoA-I
      with lysolecithin results in an increase in secondary structure. A 25-residue
      fragment of apoA-I binds to lysolecithin equally strongly as the native molecule.

PMID- 170260
TI  - A novel oligoribonuclease of Escherichia coli. II. Mechanism of action.
AB  - Detailed studies of the mechanism of action of the novel oligoribonuclease of
      Escherichia coli described in the previous paper (1) led to the following
      conclusions. 1. The enzyme prefers a free 3'-hydroxyl group for its action. 2.
      The enzyme attacks the oligoribonucleotide substrate in a sequential manner from
      the 3' end producing 5'-ribonucleotides. 3. The mode of attack appears to be
      processive; the enzyme acts by degrading one oligoribonucleotide chain to
      completion before proceeding to the hydrolysis of another chain. 4. The reaction
      rate is inversely proportional to the chain length of the substrate; however, the
      enzyme has a higher affinity for longer chains. 5. The enzyme activity is
      markedly inhibited by secondary structure; oligoribonucleotides combined with
      complementary polyribonucleotides are attacked poorly below the melting
      temperature of the complex and efficiently above the melting temperature. 6. The
      enzyme is inhibited by 5'-nucleotides of adenine and guanine; those of cytosine
      and uracil have a much smaller effect. The enzyme is not inhibited by 3'
      nucleotides. 7. Studies with dinucleoside monophosphate show highest reaction
      rates with pyrimidine sequences in the order: CpCgreater than UpUgreater than
      CpUgreater than UpC. The presence of guanine at the 3' end is strongly
      inhibitory, and reaction rates are CpGgreater than UpG=ApGgreater than GpG.

PMID- 170261
TI  - Partial purification and properties of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent
      protein kinase from pig lung.
AB  - Guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate(cyclic GMP)-dependent protein kinase which
      catalyzes the phosphorylation of histone was purified about 200-fold from the
      soluble fraction of pig lung by pH 5.5 precipitation, DEAE-cellulose column
      chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The apparent Ka values for
      guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate were determined
      to be about 17 and 360 nM, respectively. Mg2+ was essential for the activity
      exhibiting biphasic stimulation behavior and neither Mn2+ nor Ca2+ could
      substitute for Mg2+. However, these divalent ions markedly inhibited the protein
      kinase activity stimulated by cyclic GMP in the presence of Mg2+.

PMID- 170262
TI  - Studies of the quaternary structure and the chemical properties of
      phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase (EC 2.7.6.1) was purified to
      virtual homogeneity from Salmonella typhimurium cells by a modification of
      previously published procedures. The molecular weight of the subunit was
      determined to be 31,000 +/- 3,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate and sedimentation equilibrium analysis of the enzyme dissolved in
      6 M guanidine hydrochloride. The amino acid composition of the enzyme was
      determined. Proline was identified as the only NH2-terminal residue. PRPP
      synthetase is apparently composed of identical or nearly identical subunits.
      NATIVE PRPP synthetase exists in multiple states of aggregation under all
      conditions. However, two predominant states were demonstrated under certain
      conditions. A form with molecular weight of 320,000 +/- 20,000 was found at pH
      7.5 in the presence of MgATP. At pH 8.2 to 8.6, with or without MgATP, the
      predominant form corresponded to a molecular weight of 150,000 to 200,000;
      sedimentation equilibrium and velocity analysis indicated 160,000 +/- 15,000 as
      the most reliable molecular weight. More highly aggregated forms were observed at
      4 degrees and higher protein concentrations. Removal of inorganic phosphate from
      PRPP synthetase by dilution or dialysis resulted in disaggregation. The
      fundamental unit of PRPP synthetase appears to consist of five (or possibly six)
      subunits, which can associate to form a dimer (10 or 12 subunits) and more highly
      aggregated forms. A pentameric subunit structure is consistent with the multiple
      species resolved by electrophoresis of the native enzyme in discontinuous
      polyacrylamide gel systems. Visualization of PRPP synthetase by negative staining
      with uranyl acetate and electron microscopy revealed fields of very asymmetric
      molecules, the dimensions of which corresponded to the M = 160,000 form. Dimers
      and higher aggregates of this unit were also seen. An unusual model, in which the
      five subunits are asymmetrically arranged, accounts very well for the electron
      microscopic appearance of the enzyme. The tendency of the enzyme to aggregate is
      viewed as a consequence of the unsatisfied bonding regions of the fundamental
      asymmetric unit.

PMID- 170263
TI  - The stereospecificity of the enzymic reduction of 21-dehydrocortisol by NADH.
AB  - (21R)-[21-3H]cortisol and (21S)-[21-3H]cortisol were synthesized by reduction of
      21-dehydrocortisol by NADH in the presence of 21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
      The stereochemistry at carbon 21 was established after cleaving the side chain
      and oxidizing the resulting two epimers of tritiated glycolate with glycolate
      oxidase of known (2-pro-S) stereospecificity. From the distribution of
      radioactivity in the water and glyoxylate produced in this reaction, it was
      concluded that the reaction of 21-dehydrocortisol with (4S)-[4-3H]NADH catalyzed
      by 21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase results in a transfer of tritium from the 4S
      position of the nucleotide to form (21S)-[21-3H]cortisol, and that (21R)-[21
      3H]cortisol resulted from the enzyme-catalyzed reduction of 21-dehydro[21
      3H]cortisol with NADH. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on both epimers at
      position 21 of [21-2H]cortisol and of [21-2H]cortisone prepared enzymically
      identify the transferring 21-pro-S hydrogen as the relatively downfield of the
      two 21-hydrogen atoms.

PMID- 170264
TI  - Solubilization of calcitonin-responsive renal cortical adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Purification of pork renal cortex membranes yielded a particulate adenylate
      cyclase retaining good sensitivity to stimulation by parathyroid hormone and
      glucagon and a modest but significant response to porcine calcitonin. Treatment
      of this partially purified membrane fraction with 0.5% Lubrol PX and 5 mM NaF
      released adenylate cyclase activity into a fraction which was not sedimented by
      centrifugation for 20 min at 37,000 X g or for 2 hours at 100,000 X g and passed
      through a Millipore filter (0.22 mum pore). This solubilized adenylate cyclase
      was stimulated by porcine calcitonin and NaF but not by parathyroid hormone or
      glucagon. On gel filtration (Sephadex G-200) in the presence of 1mM
      dithiothreitol and 5mM NaF, the major portion of the adenylate cyclase activity
      eluted with the void volume of the column and showed 2.0-fold stimulation with 10
      muM calcitonin. Binding of 125I-labeled porcine calcitonin was demonstrated in
      the 37,000 X g and the 100,000 X g supernatants. From 74 to 86% of the observed
      binding could be blocked by the addition of unlabeled porcine calcitonin to the
      reaction mixture. Addition of salmon calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, or glucagon
      blocked only 12 to 18% of the binding. The dose-response curves for inhibition of
      binding of iodinated calcitonin by unlabeled calcitonin and the activation of
      adenylate cyclase by the hormone each showed 50% maximal effect at a
      concentration between 4.5 and 8 muM porcine calcitonin and maximal effect at a
      concentration between 33 and 66 muM porcine calcitonin.

PMID- 170265
TI  - Regulation of intracellular adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate levels in
      Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Evidence for energy-dependent
      excretion of the cyclic nucleotide.
AB  - Sugars and other energy sources were found to lower intracellular concentrations
      of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in strains of Escherichia coli and
      Salmonella typhimurium which were deficient for cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.
      This effect required the presence of the specific transport system responsible
      for entry of that sugar into the cell and depended on the intracellular catabolic
      enzymes. Metabolizable sugars were more effective than nonmetabolizable sugars in
      reducing cellular cyclic AMP levels, and this reduction was blocked partially by
      uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Electron donors such as lactate and
      ascorbate plus phenazine methosulfate reduced internal cyclic AMP levels in
      bacterial membrane vesicles which had been preloaded with the cyclic nucleotide.
      Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, but not arsenate, blocked the energy
      stimulated loss of intravesicular cyclic AMP. Employing intact cells, sugars were
      shown to have two primary effects on cyclic AMP metabolism: (a) they inhibited
      net synthesis of the cyclic nucleotide while promoting its degradation, and (b)
      they stimulated efflux of cyclic AMP into the extracellular fluid. While the
      former effect was elicited by metabolizable and nonmetabolizable sugars alike,
      stimulation of cyclic nucleotide excretion was only observed with metabolizable
      sugars. The results suggest that the extrusion of cyclic AMP from the bacterial
      cell is energy-dependent and is driven by an energized membrane state.

PMID- 170266
TI  - Heme A of cytochrome c oxicase. Structure and properties: comparisons with hemes
      B, C, and S and derivatives.
AB  - Heme A, isolated from bovine heart muscle by procedures which include extractions
      into pyridine/chloroform and two-phase, liquid-liquid chromatography on Celite,
      has been converted to several derivatives. Examination of the proton nuclear
      magnetic resonance (PMR) spectra and other properties of these derivatives
      reveals heme A to be the iron complex of 8-formyl-6,-m-bis(2''
      hydroxycarbonylethyl)-2-(1'-hydroxy-5',9',13'-trimethyl-4',8',12'-trans,trans
      tetradecatrienyl)-1,3,5-trimethyl-4-vinylporphin. Substituents at the 2,4, and 8
      positions are replaced by hydrogen in a resorcinol melt to give
      cytodeuteroporphin (8-demethyldeuteroporphyrin IX)...

PMID- 170267
TI  - Active site stoichiometry of L-phenylalanine: tRNA ligase from Escherichia coli
      K(-10).
AB  - The existence of two active siter per molecule of L-phenylalanine:tRNA ligase
      from Escherichia coli K(-10) has been demonstrated by isolation of the E
      aminoacyl adenylate and tel filtration and the nitrocellulose filter assay at pH
      5.0 revealed the same stoichiometry for the E-tRNAPhe comples as protection
      against degradation by snake venom phosphodiesterase and equilibrium gel
      filtration at pH 7.5. Using a fluorescence titration technique, it was found that
      the dissociation constant for ligase-tRNAPhe complex is decreased 20-fold when
      the hydrogen ion concentration is changed from pH 6.0 to pH 5.0. The existence of
      two active sites binding the aminoacyl adenylate intermediate was demonstrated by
      gel filtration and retention on DEAE-cellulose filters. "Burst" experiments
      indicated that two sites were involved in a rapid ATP consumption at conditions
      of catalytic amino acid activation. Furthermore, it was observed that the
      activated amino acid could be transferred from both sites to cognate tRNA.

PMID- 170268
TI  - Purification and characterization of shikimate kinase enzyme activity in Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - In Bacillus subtilis shikimate kinase enzyme activity can be demonstrated when a
      small polypeptide forms a trifunctional complex with the bifunctional enzyme 3
      deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthetase-chorismate mutase. The
      shikimate kinase polypeptide whoch carries the catalytic site has been purified
      to homogeneity by a five-step procedure. The skikimate kinase was determined to
      have a molecular weight of 10,000 by superfine Sephadex G-75 thin layer
      chromatography and by calculation of the minimum chemical molecular weight from
      its amino acid composition. This number corresponds closely to the molecular
      weight determined by the mobility of the protein following electrophoresis on
      polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme aggregates with
      itself forming larger molecular weight proteins. Thes aggregational pattersn
      depend on protein concentration and sulfhydryl bridges. The enzyme activity is
      completely inhibited by EDTA and the requirement for Mg2+ can be partially
      replaced by Mn2+, Ca2+, and Co2+. The inhibition of shikimate kinase activity by
      p-hydroxymercuribenzoate is reversed completely when the enzyme complex is
      treated with dithiothreitol, suggesting the sulfhydryl groups may be involved
      with the active site. The trifunctional complex is relatively unstable, and the
      nonidentical subunits dissociate readily. This dissociation results in a 99% loss
      in shikimate kinase activity and a 30% decrease in the chorismate mutase-DAHP
      synthetase activities. Shikimate kinase activity is subject to a variety of
      controls. It is inhibited by the allosteric effectors chorismate and prephenate,
      the products of the reaction, ADP, and shikimate 5-phosphate. The activity
      responds to changes in the energy charge of the cell. Because of the variety of
      controls exerted on this enzyme, this member of the regulatory complex may
      represent the key enzyme in the allosteric control of the synthesis of the common
      precursors of aromatic acid synthesis.

PMID- 170269
TI  - Regulation of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo-(A)-pyrene) hydroxylase activity in
      mammalian cells. Induction of hydroxylase activity by N6,O2'-dibutyryl8 adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate and aminophylline.
AB  - Treatment of hamster BHK cells with N6,O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (Bt2cAMP), aminophylline, theophylline, or papaverine increased the
      level of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydrolxylase activity. The highese
      increase, 100-fold, was obtained with Bt2cAMP plus aminophylline or theophylline.
      N2,O2-Dibutyryl guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate gave a lower induction than
      Bt2cAMP. The level of hydroxylase activity started to decrease 6 hours after
      treatment with the inducer and was reduced to almost the uninduced level after 24
      hours. Repeated addition of Bt2cAMP and aminophylline did not prevent this
      decrease. The hydroxylase can also be induced by treating cells with
      benz(a)anthracene, and the level of this induced activity was maintained for 24
      hours. Aminophylline gave a 2- to 8-fold stimulation of the induction by
      benz(a)anthracene. The enzyme activity induced by Bt2cAMP, aminophylline, and
      benz(a)anthracene converted benzo(a)pyrene to similar alkali-extractable
      metabolities with a fluorescence spectra similar to that of 3
      hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. These induced enzyme activities also showed a similar heat
      stability. Induction by Bt2cAMP and aminophylline, like induction by
      benz(a)anthracene, required continued protein synthesis and only an initial
      period of RNA synthesis. Compared to the benz(a)anthracene-induced hydroxylase
      with a Km of 4.3 muM, the hydroxylase induced by Bt2cAMP and aminophylline showed
      a Km of 0.14 muM, and was 100-fold more sensitive to inhibition by 7,8
      benzoflavone. Increasing the serum concentration in the culture medium stimulated
      the induction by aminophylline but did not stimulate induction by
      benz(a)anthracene. The results indicate that aryl hydrocaarbon (benzo(a)pyrene)
      hydroxylase can be induced by compounds that increase the level of adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate and that this induction and induced enzyme activity differs
      from that caused by benz(a)anthracene.

PMID- 170270
TI  - Comparison of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases from rabbit
      skeletal and bovine heart muscle.
AB  - Homogeneous preparations of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent
      protein kinase from rabbit skeletal (Peak I) and bovine heart muscle have been
      compared. Each enzyme has an S20,w value of 7.0. Each enzyme binds 2 mol of
      cyclic AMP per mol of enzyme and is dissociated in the presence of saturating
      concentrations of cyclic AMP into a demeric regulatory subunit-cyclic AMP complex
      and two catalytic subunits. The isolated subunits recombine, resulting in the
      formation of the original holoenzyme in each case. Several differences between
      the two enzymes were found. Different salt concentrations are necessary for
      elution of the respective enzyme from DEAE-cellulose. Their regulatory subunits
      differ with respect to their sedimentation constants and mobility on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The regulatory subunit of the heart enzyme
      is rapidly phosphorylated by MgATP but this does not occur with the skeletal
      muscle enzyme. MgATP is bound with high affinity only to the skeletal muscle
      enzyme. The enzymes have different apparent dissociation constants and Hill
      coefficients for cyclic AMP binding. With the skeletal muscle enzyme MgATP
      increases the dissociation constants for cyclic AMP about 10-fold and decreases
      the Hill coefficient, while with the heart enzyme phosphorylation decreases the
      cissociation constant for cyclic AMP 5- to 6-fold and increases the Hill
      coefficient. Different concentrations of cyclic AMP are required to dissociate
      the skeletal and heart muscle enzymes. The presence of MgATP increases the
      concentration of cyclic AMP required to dissociate the skeletal muscle enzyme but
      decreases the concentration necessary to dissociate the heart enzyme.

PMID- 170271
TI  - Insulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase. Its localization, hormonal stimulation, and
      oxidative stabilization.
AB  - As it was shown previoulsy by others, the membrane-bound phosphodiesterase
      (cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase) of rat epididymal fat
      cells was stimulated when intact cells were exposed to insulin. The levels of
      stimulation observed in the present study in the cell homogenate and microsomal
      fraction were approximately 2.0- to 2.5-fold and 2.5- to 3.0-fold, respectively,
      when the initial substrate level was 100 nM and insulin concentration was 1 to 3
      nM. When the microsomal fraction was subjected to a sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation, most of the insulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase activity was
      fractionated into the "light" microsomal fraction which was rich in
      NADH2:potassium ferricyanide:oxidoreductase) and low in 5'-AMPase, adenylate
      cyclase, and insulin-binding activities. The latter three activities were mostly
      fractionated into the "heavy" microsomal fraction. Both basal and insulin
      stimulated phosphodiesterase activities were low when cells were homogenized in
      the presence of N-ethylmaleimide or p-chloromercuribenzoate. The insulin
      stimulated enzyme activity was also low when cells were homogenized in the
      presence of --SH compounds (e.g. dithiothreitol) or certain metal-chelating
      agents (e.g. ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ehter)-N,N'-tetraacetate
      (EGTA)), or in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of EGTA was prevented by the
      addition of certain heavy metal ions but not by the addition of Ca2+ or Ca2+ plus
      Mg2+ ions. When cells were homogenized in the presence of certain oxidants (e.g.
      diamide, sodium tetrathionate, or air), a high plus-insulin activity was
      observed; this activity was not lowered by subsequent treatment of the enzyme
      with N-ethylmaleimede, EGTA, or fresh cell homogenate that was prepared in the
      presence of EGTA. However, the activity of an apparently oxidized enzyme could
      still be lowered by treatment woth dithiothreitol. A partially purified enzyme in
      the enzyme in the microsomal fraction was fairly stable both in basal and insulin
      stimulated states (fully active after 35 days when kept at -20degrees). EGTA
      added to the homogenization buffer lowered the basal phosphodiesterase activity,
      but this effect was reversed by the addition of Ca2+ ions. EGTA also decreased
      the enzyme activity that was stimulated by norepinephrine. However, neither EGTA
      nor dithiothreitol had any effect on the activities of 5'-AMPase, NADH
      dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase of fat cells. The above data indicate
      that most of the insulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase and the so-called "cell
      membrane markers" are associated with different subcellular particles in the cell
      homogenate. In addition, the data seem to indicate that the insulin-stimulated
      phosphodiesterase has certain --SH groups and that the activity of the enzyme is
      stabilized when the --SH groups are oxidized by certain oxidants including
      molecular oxygen. It is suggested that the air oxidation of the enzyme is
      catalyzed by a trace of certain heavy metal ions and, therefore, can be blocked
      by a metal-chelating agent.

PMID- 170272
TI  - High and low reduction potential 4Fe-4S clusters in Azotobacter vinelandii (4Fe
      4S) 2ferredoxin I. Influence of the polypeptide on the reduction potentials.
AB  - Azotobacter vinelandii (4Fe-4S)2 ferredoxin I (Fd I) is an electron transfer
      protein with Mr equals 14,500 and Eo equals -420 mv. It exhibits and EPR signal
      of g equals 2.01 in its isolated form. This resonance is almost identical with
      the signal that originates from a "super-oxidized" state of the 4Fe-4S cluster of
      potassium ferricyanide-treated Clostridium ferredoxin. A cluster that exhibits
      this EPR signal at g equals 2.01 is in the same formal oxidation state as the
      cluster in oxidized Chromatium High-Potential-Iron-Protein (HiPIP). On
      photoreduction of Fd I with spinach chloroplast fragments, the resonance at g
      equals 2.01 vanishes and no EPR signal is observed. This EPR behavior is
      analogous to that of reduced HiPIP, which also fails to exhibit an EPR spectrum.
      These characteristics suggest that a cluster in A. vinelandii Fd I functions
      between the same pair of states on reduction as does the cluster in HiPIP, but
      with a midpoint reduction potential of -420 mv in contrast to the value of +350
      mv characteristic of HiPIP. Quantitative EPR and stoichoimetry studies showed
      that only one 4Fe-4S cluster in this (4Fe-4S)2 ferredoxin is reduced. Oxidation
      of Fd I with potassium ferricyanide results in the uptake of 1 electron/mol as
      determined by quantitative EPR spectroscopy. This indicates that a cluster in Fd
      I shows no electron paramagnetic resonance in the isolated form of the protein
      accepts an electron on oxidation, as indicated by the EPR spectrum, and becomes
      paramagnetic. The EPR behavior of this oxidizable cluster indicates that it also
      functions between the same pair of oxidation states as does the Fe-S cluster in
      HiPIP. The midpoint reduction potential of this cluster is approximately +340 mv.
      A. vinelandii Fd I is the first example of an iron-sulfur protein which contains
      both a high potential cluster (approximately +340 mv) and a low potential cluster
      (-420 mv). Both Fe-S clusters appear to function between the same pair of
      oxidation states as the single Fe-S cluster in Chromatium HiPIP, although the
      midpoint reduction potentials of the two clusters are approximately 760 mv
      different.

PMID- 170273
TI  - Inhibition of proteolytic degradation of low density lipoprotein in human
      fibroblasts by chloroquine, concanavalin A, and Triton WR 1339.
AB  - The proteolytic degradation of 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein by monolayers
      of cultured human fibroblasts was prevented by exposure of the cells to
      chloroquine, an agent that has been reported previously to inhibit lysosomal
      degradative processes. Chloroquine did not inhibit the binding of low density
      lipoprotein to its cell surface receptor. However, the two regulatory actions
      that normally follow low density lipoprotein binding to its receptor, namely
      suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and
      stimulation of cholesteryl ester formation, were both prevented when degradation
      of the lipoprotein was inhibited by chloroquine. Two other agents affecting
      lysosomal function, Triton WR 1339 and concanavalin A, also inhibited the
      proteolytic degradation of low density lipoprotein in intact fibroblasts and
      simultaneously prevented low density lipoprotein-mediated suppression of 3
      hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and stimulation of
      cholesteryl ester formation. Unlike chloroquine, however, these two agents also
      affect the binding of low density lipoprotein to the cells. The inhibitory action
      of chloropuine, concanavalin A, and Triton WR 1339 could each be reversed by
      removal of the agent from the culture medium. These in vivo culture data,
      together with the observation that cell-free extracts of fibroblasts maximally
      degrade 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein at pH 4 and do not form acid-soluble
      material above pH 6, are consistent with the hypothesis that the proteolytic
      degradation of low density lipoprotein by monolayers of fibroblasts occurs within
      lysosomes. The data also suggest that normal lysosomal function is required in
      order for low density lipoprotein to regulate cholesterol synthesis and
      cholesteryl ester formation in the fibroblast system.

PMID- 170274
TI  - Solubilization of the [8-lysine]vasopressin receptor and adenylate cyclase from
      pig kidney plasma membranes.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase and the [8-lysine]vasopressin receptor were solubilized from
      pig kidney medulla membranes using the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. Optimal
      conditions for solubilization were under continuous stirring in a medium
      containing 0.5% (/v) Triton X-100, 100 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8, and 10 mM MgCl2. Both
      adenylate cyclase activity and [3H][8-lysine]vasopressin binding activity were
      recovered in a -26,000 X g supernatant of detergent-treated membranes. The yield
      of solubilized adenylate cyclase was nearly 100%. The soluble enzyme was no
      longer sensitive to antidiuretic hormone but was slightly activated by sodium
      fluoride. The affinity of the soluble receptor for [8-lysine]vasopresin was les
      than that of the membrane-bound receptor (mean apparent Km values, respectively
      10(-7) M and 2 X 10(-8) M), however binding cooperativity was preserved. Hill
      coefficients were 1.42 for the soluble receptor and 1.50 for the membrane
      receptor. The soluble receptor discriminated as efficiently as did the membrane
      receptor between [8-lysine-a1vasopressin and oxytocin. The yield of spolubilized
      receptor was only 30% despite the fact that all binding activity had disappeared
      from the residual pellet of detergent-treated membranes. When the membranous
      receptors were occupied before solubilization and the latter was performed under
      conditions in which dissociation of the hormone-receptor comples is slow, i.e. at
      low temperature, 65% to 100% of the hormone-receptor complex was recovered in the
      soluble fraction. The soluble hormone-receptor complex partially dissociated on
      rewarming whereas the free hormone concentration was kept unchanged in the
      medium. The residual binding capacity, which was 30% of the initial value, was
      identical with that determined when the receptor was solubilized in free form
      before incubation with labeled hormone. It was concluded that (a) solubilization
      of the receptor molecules was complete, (b) during solubilization two forms of
      the receptor appear, of which only one is accessible to the hormone, (c)
      occupancy of the receptor by the hormone prevented the formation of the
      nonaccessible form, and (d) some component or components of the soluble fraction
      might be responsible for the loss in apparent affinity.

PMID- 170275
TI  - Human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. Esterase activity.
AB  - Human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase has been found to be capable of hydrolyzing p
      nitrophenyl esters. Esterase and dehydrogenase activities exhibited identical ion
      exchange and affinity properties, indicating that the same protein catalyzes both
      reactions. Competitive inhibition of esterase activity by glyceraldehyde and
      chloral hydrate furnished evidence that p-nitrophenyl acetate was hydrolyzed at
      the aldehyde binding site for dehydrogenase activity. Pyridine nucleotides
      modified esterase activity; NAD+ accelerated the rate of p-nitrophenyl acetate
      hydrolysis more that 5-fold, whereas NADH increased activity by a factor of 2.
      Activation constants of 117 muM for NAD+ and 3.5 muM for NADH were obtained from
      double reciprocal plots of initial rates as a function of modifier concentration
      at pH 7. The kinetics of activation of ester hydrolysis were consistent with
      random addition of pyridine nucleotide modifier and ester substrate to this
      enzyme.

PMID- 170276
TI  - Human liver akdehyde dehydrogenase. Kinetics of aldehyde oxidation.
AB  - Steady state initial velocity studies were carried out to determine the kinetic
      mechanism of human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. Intersecting double reciprocal
      plots obtained in the absence of inhibitors demonstrated that the dehydrogenase
      reaction proceeded by sequential addition of both substrates prior to release of
      products. Dead end inhibition patterns obtained with coenzyme and substrate
      analogues (e.g. thionicotinamide-AD+ and chloral hydrate) indicated that NAD+ and
      aldehyde can bind in random fashion. The patterns of inhibition by the product
      NADH and of substrate inhibition by glyceraldehyde were also consistent with this
      mechanism. However, comparisons between kinetic constants associated with the
      dehydrogenase and esterase activities of this enzyme suggested that most of the
      dehydrogenase reaction flux proceeds via formation of an initial binary NAD+
      enzyme complex over a wide range of substrate and coenzyme concentrations.

PMID- 170277
TI  - Structure of human high density lipoprotein reassembled in vitro.
      Radioimmunoassay studies.
AB  - Immunologic approaches to studying lipoprotein structure have been limited
      because the methods have not been quantitative enough. Recently we reported
      (Schonfeld, G., and Pfleger, B. (1974) J. Clin. Invest. 54, 236-246) a
      radioimmunoassay for human apoprotein A-1 (ApoA-I). Only 8% of the ApoA-I of high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) reacted in the radioimmunoassay system consisting of
      rabbit anti-human ApoA-I, 125I-ApoA-I, and unlabeled ApoA-I. We suggested that
      the ApoA-I in HDL were poorly reactive in the radioimmunoassay because they were
      "masked" by lipid- or protein-protein interactions. To test this, "lipoproteins"
      were reconstituted from lipids and apoproteins and assayed for their reactivity
      in the radioimmunoassay. Apo-HDL, ApoA-I alone, or ApoA-I + ApoA-II were sonified
      with lecithin or with lipids extracted from HDL. Sonicates were fractionated by
      ultracentrifugation or by Sepharose 4B chromatography. HDLs were also made by
      incubating dispersed lecithin or lecithin + cholesterol with Apo-HDL, ApoA-I, or
      ApoA-II. The lipoproteins were analyzed for lipids and protein chemically.
      Apoprotein compositions were determined by polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis. ApoA-I content by radioimmunoassay then was compared with the
      ApoA-I content obtained by disc gel electrophoresis. Most reconstituted
      "lipoproteins" had less than the expected ApoA-I contents. Discrepancies between
      ApoA-I contents were greatest for lipoproteins prepared from Apo-HDL and HDL
      lipids (20 to 30% of expected contents). Discrepancies were smaller for particles
      prepared with lecithin, with ApoA-I alone or with ApoA-I + ApoA-II (40 to 85% of
      expected). HDLs made by incubation were less reactive than those prepared by
      sonication. Thus, the reactivity of ApoA-I in the radioimmunoassay could be
      diminished by causing it to interact with lipids or their apoproteins, or both,
      suggesting that antigenic sites became masked. From this one can extrapolate that
      the poor reactivity of the ApoA-I in HDL isolated from plasma also may have been
      due to the masking of some of its antigenic determinants. The identification of
      the determinants involved awaits the development of radioimmunoassays for
      specific regions of ApoA-I.

PMID- 170278
TI  - The sequence of a peptide containing the active site phosphohistidine residue of
      phosphoglycerate mutase from chicken breast muscle.
AB  - Phosphoglycerate mutase is phosphorylated on a histidine residue by the cofactor
      of the reaction, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (Rose, Z. B. (1970) Arch. Biochem.
      Biophys. 140, 508-513). The phosphoryl group is readily transferred to the normal
      acceptors, 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate, or to water in the presence
      of glycolate-2-P. An acid-labile phosphorylated decapeptide has been purified
      from a tryptic digest of the phosphoenzyme. The amino acid sequence of the
      peptide has been determined to be: Aal-Gly-Gln-Leu-Asp-Glu-Ser-His-Arg. This
      sequence bears a striking analogy to part of a highly conserved region of lactate
      dehydrogenase (residues 100 to 109) (Taylor, S. S., Oxley, S. S., Allison, W. S.,
      and Kaplan, N. O. (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 70, 1970-1974). Evidence
      from x-ray crystallographic studies indicates that the two enzymes are similar in
      tertiary structure (Campbell, J. W., Watson, H. C. and Hodgson, G. I. (1974)
      Nature 250, 301-303).

PMID- 170280
TI  - Heterogneeous 5'-terminal structures occur on vesicular stomatitis virus mRNAs.
AB  - Four alternative structures occur at the 5' ends of vesicular stomatitis virus
      mRNAs synthesized in infected cells and are separated conveniently by a technique
      described here. Sixty-five to seventy per cent of the mRNA molecules have the 5'
      end structure m7G5'ppp5'(m)AmpAp and about 20% have a more highly modified
      structure m7G5'ppp5'(m)AmpmAmpCp. The base of the first adenosine in each
      sequence is methylated in about one-half of the ends of each type and kinetic
      experiments suggest that the latter sequence is derived from the former by
      further methylations. The remaining 10 to 15% of the 5' ends are pppAp and pppGp
      in approximately equimolar yields. This heterogeneity with respect to 5' end
      structure is found within each of the vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA species
      examined. The mRNA molecules with 5'-triphosphate ends accumulate throughout the
      infection but are not found on ribosomes, suggesting that they lack a
      structure(s) required for ribosome recognition. In contrast to mRNA, virion RNA
      has a single 5' end structure, pppAp.

PMID- 170279
TI  - The self-association of the apo-Gln-I and apo-Gln-II polypeptides of human high
      density serum lipoproteins.
AB  - The major polypeptide components of human high density lipoprotein, apo-Gln-I and
      apo-Gln-II, self-associate at pH 8.3 and ionic strength 0.045. The dimeric (MW =
      56,800) association constant for apo-Gln-I is 1.3 X 10(4)liters/mol. apo-Gln-II
      is tetrameric at all experimentally accessible concentrations. Self-association
      of apo-Gln-I is accompanied by minor conformational alterations distinct from
      that induced by saturating levels of bound amphiphilic ligands. These results are
      discussed with respect to the design of reconstitution experiments between the
      apoproteins and lipids.

PMID- 170281
TI  - Affinity labeling of the inhibitory DPNH site of bovine liver glutamate
      dehydrogenase by 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine.
AB  - A new adenosine analogue has been synthesized, 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl
      adenosine, which reacts covalently with bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase with
      the incorporation of approximately 1 mol of 5'-sulfonylbenzoyl adenosine per
      peptide chain. Native glutamate dehydrogenase is known to be inhibited by
      relatively high concentrations of DPNH by binding to a second noncatalytic site;
      the major change in the kinetic characteristics of the modified enzyme is a total
      loss of this inhibition by DPNH. The modified enzyme retains full catalytic
      activity as measured in the absence of allosteric ligands, is still inhibited
      more than 90% by GTP, and is activated normally by ADP. These results demonstrate
      that the catalytic as well as the GTP and ADP regulatory sites are distinct from
      the inhibitory DPNH site. The rate constant for reaction of 5'
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine is decreased by high concentrations of DPNH alone
      or by DPNH plus GTP, but not by the substrate alpha-ketoglutarate, the coenzymes
      DPN or TPNH, or the regulators ADP or GTP alone. These observations are
      consistent with the postulate that the 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine attacks
      exclusively the second inhibitory DPNH site. The DPNH inhibition is abolished
      when an average of only 0.5 mol of 5'-sulfonylbenzoyl adenosine per peptide chain
      has been incorporated. The structure of 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine is
      critical in determining the course of the modification reaction. The smaller
      compound p-fluorosulfonylbenzoic acid does not affect the kinetic characteristics
      of the enzyme, and the isomeric compound 3'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine
      produces a different pattern of changes in the regulatory properties (Pal. P. K.,
      Wechter, W. J., and Colman, R. F. (1975) Biochemistry 14, 707-715). Indeed,
      enzyme which has combined stoichiometrically with 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl
      adenosine is still able to react with 3'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine; thus,
      the two adenosine analogues appear to react at distinct sites on glutamate
      dehydrogenase. It is proposed that 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine will be
      complementary to 3'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine as a general affinity label
      for dehydrogenases as well as other classes of enzymes which use adenine
      nucleotides as substrates or regulators.

PMID- 170282
TI  - Selective effects of MgCl2 and temperature on the initiation of transcription at
      lac, gal, and lambda promoters.
AB  - We have studied the effect of Mg2+ on the formation of transcription
      preinitiation complexes (open complexes) at two adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP)-cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP)-dependent promoters (lac and gal)
      and two phage lambda promoters, PL and PR. Mg2+ strongly interferes with open
      complex formation at the lac and gal promoters, partially inhibits the lambda PR
      promoter, and is without effect on the lambda PL promoter. Mutations in the lac
      and gal promoters can affect the response of the promoter to Mg2+. Cyclic AMP and
      CRP specifically reduce the inhibition of the lac and gal promoters by Mg2+.
      These factors also affect open complexes at lac and gal by (a) increasing the
      rate at which they are formed and (b) lowering the midpoint of the temperature
      transition curve for their formation by about 10 degrees. Open complexes at the
      lac promoter are more unstable to cooling, even in the presence of CRP and cyclic
      AMP, than open complexes at lambda promoters. Our studies suggest that the DNA of
      the lac and gal promoter regions is more resistant to denaturation than the DNA
      of phage promoter regions. Cyclic AMP and CRP act to decrease this stability,
      stimulating open complex formation under conditions unfavorable for DNA melting,
      e.g. low temperature and high Mg2+ concentrations.

PMID- 170283
TI  - Cytoplasmic receptor protein for etiochalanolone in chick embryo liver.
AB  - Acute intermittent porphyria is a gentic disease associated with changes in the
      activity of some of the hepatic enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway and in
      the activity of delta4-5alpha-steroid reductase, an enzyme involved in steroid
      metabolism. Embryonic chick liver has been used as a model system to study the
      effects of several naturally occurring 5beta steroid metabolites on delta
      aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme pathway
      (Granick, S., and Kappas, A. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 4587-4593). In this study
      we have identified in vitro a hepatic cytoplasmic receptor which binds [3H]
      etiocholanolone (a 5beta-H androgen metabolite). The steroid-receptor complex has
      an apparent Kd value of 3.5 times 10(-6) M at 0-4degrees; the number of binding
      sites per cell is 23,000. The macromolecular complex sediments at approximately 4
      S in a 5 to 20% sucrose gradient and is unaffected by KCl concentrations up to
      0.4 M. The steroid-receptor complex can be destroyed by heat (60degrees) or
      proteolytic digestion and is inhibited by sulfhydryl-blocking agents. Competition
      studies revealed that among the nonradioactive steroids tested, all of the
      primary androgens and the progestins as well as their 5alpha and 5beta
      metabolites block the binding of [3H]etiochalanolone. Only the glucuronide
      derivative of etiocholanolone, glucocorticoids and their metabolites, 17beta
      estradiol, and cyproterone compete poorly for the receptor. The steroid receptor
      described here appears to be different from the androgen receptor isolated from
      rat liver and prostate.

PMID- 170284
TI  - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. Characterization of nuclear
      mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with defects in mitochondrial ATPase and
      respiratory enzymes.
AB  - Mutants of Saccharomyces cereviaiae showing defects in cytochrome oxidase,
      coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase, and rutamycin-sensitive ATPase are
      described. The mutations have been established to be nuclear, based on
      complementation with a cytoplasmic petite tester strain and 2:2 segregation of
      tetrads. Genetic analysis indicate the coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase and
      cytochrome oxidase mutants fall into 9 and 10 different complementation groups,
      respectively. The mutants also form distinct classes based on absorption spectra
      of the mitochondrial cytochromes. Two of the ATPase mutants lack detectable F1
      ATPase, while the third synthesizes F1 but does not integrate it into a membrane
      complex. The latter mutant is missing one of the mitochondrially synthesized
      subunits of the rutamycin-sensitive ATPase complex.

PMID- 170285
TI  - Evaluation of the physical properties of crown dental porcelain and the effect of
      newly developed anti-binding additive.
AB  - A colloidal silica-based substitute for the water added to dental porcelain has
      been developed which restricts rounding on firing and gives greater and
      indefinitely prolonged unfired biscuit strength. In conjunction with product
      evaluation, it has been found that both the modulus of rupture and the
      diametrical tensile strength of dental porcelains can be measured with a high
      degree of precision.

PMID- 170286
TI  - The surface area of aggregates applied to dental materials.
AB  - There is a continuing need for the complete characterization of the physical and
      chemical properties of dental materials. Among these properties is surface area.
      The problem is further complicated by the fact that most dental materials are,
      themselves, mixtures of two or more identifiable components. If the vapor
      adsorptive properties of these components are different in the mixture from that
      which would be expected of them collectively, then interaction is present.
      Interaction must not be confused with the lack of addivity which results from the
      limitations of the BET theory applied to mixtures. Equations are derived herein 
      to estimate the extent of this latter source of variability and to correct for it
      giving a "true" surface area for the aggregate. Conversely, the adsorptive
      properties of either component can be calculated from the properties of the
      mixture and the remaining component together with the percentage composition. An
      immediate application can be made in determining the water-vapor adsorptive
      properties of human dentinal collagen without necessitating its removal from
      dentin. Any attempt to extract it chemically may produce denaturation or chain
      rupture thus precluding the possibility of direct determination. In the case of
      nitrogen adsorption, however, interaction definitely is indicated.

PMID- 170287
TI  - Surface and bulk characteristics of a polyether urethane for artificial hearts.
AB  - A segmented polyether urethane was used as the blood contacting surface in a
      series of 10 heart assist devices implanted in calves for periods up to 35 weeks.
      At termination, each was examined to correlate blood compatibility and device
      performance with surface properties, chemical purity, physical stability and
      affinity for lipid absorption.

PMID- 170289
TI  - The interactions of thrombin with borosilicate glass surfaces.
AB  - Borosilicate glass (G) and commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMM) surfaces
      were examined at pH 7, monovalent ionic strength 0.14 and 22 degrees C. Thrombin
      concentrations ranged from 6 X 10(-9) to 5.2 X 10(-8)M. Decreases in thrombin
      concentration in 10 ml vessles were determined by clotting time assay. Adsorption
      to PMM vessels is small. These were examined to establish the validity of the
      method. For G-vessels, the terminations of initial rapid decreases, associated
      with adsorption equilibrium, are accounted for mainly by an average isotherm
      having an association constant of 1.8 X 10(7) l./mol. Adsorption equilibrium is
      accompanied by a slower rate of decrease consistent with the surface denaturation
      of 2.5%/min of adsorbed molecules. Molecules remaining adsorbed to the surfaces
      of 1 mm i.d. G-capillaries were examined using the sequence of thrombin
      adsorption, buffer washing for times tw, removal of buffer and introduction of a
      fibrinogen aliquot for determination of effective surface thrombin concentration
      by a capillary clotting time. Most adsorbed molecules (less than 90%) essentially
      desorb within tw = 2 min, a second class (greater than 8%) desorb in tw similar
      to 30 min, and members of additional classes are still present after tw = 1440
      min. For all of the properties examined, there is a small variance between
      vessels taken at the same time from the same batch, and a larger variance between
      groups of vessels taken at different times from the same batch or from different
      batches.

PMID- 170288
TI  - Soft tissue response to four dense ceramic materials and two clinically used
      biomaterials.
AB  - Disk-shaped implants of spinel, alumina, mullite, zircon, a cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy,
      and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), were implanted in the
      paraspinalis muscle of 12 adult, male, white New Zealand rabbits. Prior to
      implantation the implants were characterized with respect to size and shape,
      weight and surface roughness. After periods of 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months,
      the rabbits were sacrificed and the tissue specimens were retrieved with the
      implants still intact. Histological examination of the tissues surrounding the
      implants along with changes in the size and shape, weight, and surface roughness
      of the implants were used as criteria for evaluating these materials for implant
      purposes. No surfaces degradation of any of the materials was detected using
      scanning electron microscopy. Fibrous tissue seemed to adhere to the UHMWPE
      implants more than any other material used in this study. Large amounts of
      fibrous tissue were also found to adhere to the cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants. The
      histological results indicated that within the limits of this investigation, the
      biocompatibility of the ceramic materials used in this study compared favorably
      with the clinically used Co-Cr-Mo alloy implants and the UHMWPE implants.

PMID- 170290
TI  - Studies on the regulation of the three enzymes of the Leloir pathway in cultured
      mammalian cells. II. A search for quantitative interrelationships between the
      three enzyme activities.
AB  - Studies on a normal human diploid cell strain revealed that the specific activity
      of the cell protein, for each of the three enzymes of the Leloir pathway, changed
      significantly as the cells grew. The kinetics of change in specific activity
      varied according to the enzyme being studied, and the kinetics for each enzyme
      varied from experiment to experiment. Within each experiment, there was no
      consistent correlation between specific activity for any one enzyme and specific
      activity for the other two. The ratios between the specific activities did not
      tend to remain constant as the absolute levels of specific activity changed.
      Hence, the activities did not behave coordinately. The kinetics of change in
      these ratios varied from experiment to experiment. The failure of galactose to
      stimulate increased cellular activity for the three enzymes (shown in the
      preceding paper), and the absence of a coordinate relationship between the
      activities, represent a striking difference between the behavior of these enzymes
      in human diploid cell strains and their behavior in E. coli.

PMID- 170291
TI  - ITP pyrophosphohydrolase and IDP phosphohydrolase in rat tissue.
AB  - The existence of a nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase specific for ITP
      has been demonstrated in the cytosol fraction of a variety of rat tissues. The
      enzyme, stable to moderate heat treatment, was present in erythrocytes as well as
      brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, ovaries, spleen, testes and thymus.
      The specific activity of the enzyme ranges from 26 to 150 mumoles/min/g protein.
      In addition, evidence is given for a heat labile nucleoside diphosphate (IDP)
      phosphohydrolase present in most rat tissues, and particularly high in the
      adrenal (137 mumoles/min/g protein). An "ITP-IMP cycle" is proposed as a
      rgulating mechanism for intracellular levels of ATP.

PMID- 170292
TI  - The effect of serum on the transport and phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose by
      untransformed and transformed mouse 3T3 cells.
AB  - Serum starvation of growing and nongrowing (density-inhibited) mouse 3T3 cells
      resulted in decreased phosphorylation of 2-deoxy--D-glucose, while the time
      course of transport of this sugar remained unchanged. Serum starvation of SV40
      transformed 3T3 cells (SV101) and spontaneously transformed 3T6 cells did not
      alter either the time course of transport, or phosphorylation of the sugar.
      Treatment of SV101 cells with 10(-4) M dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3':5'
      monophosphate and 10(-3) M theophylline did not restore the capacity to regulate
      2-deoxy-D-glucose phosphorylation when these cells were serum deprived. We
      conclude that serum factors are involved in the modulation of phosphorylation of
      2-deoxy-D-glucose in 3T3 cells rather than its transport. This regulation is
      operative both in growing as well as nongrowing 3T3 cells. In contrast,
      transformed cells do not respond to this regulation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 170293
TI  - The role of cyclic AMP in myogenesis.
AB  - The effect of exogenously administered cyclic AMP derivatives and of endogenously
      elevated cyclic AMP levels on the spontaneous fusion of skeletal muscle myoblasts
      has been investigated. Contrary to earlier reports, cAMP does not appear to have
      a direct inhibitory effect on the fusion of an established line (L8) of rat
      myoblasts. Similarly, cAMP did not block the fusion of primary chick myoblasts.
      However, fusion of the rat myoblasts was prevented when the cAMP induced
      inhibition of growth prevented the cells from reaching the "critical" cell
      density necessary for fusion.

PMID- 170294
TI  - Studies on the regulation of the three enzymes of the Leloir pathway in cultured
      mammalian cells. I. Effect of substitution of galactose for glucose as the sole
      hexose in the medium in human diploid cell strains and in a rat hepatoma line.
AB  - In human diploid cell strains, the substitution of galactose for glucose as the
      sole hexose in the medium had no measurable effect on the specific activity of
      the cell protein for any of the three enzymes of the Leloir pathway. These
      enzymes are galactokinase, alpha-D-galactose-1-phosphate: UDP glucose uridyl
      transferase and UDP galactose 4-epimerase. A cell strain from a patient with
      galactosemia had no detectable activity for the transferase. The substitution of
      galactose for glucose in the medium of these cells (which has been shown to cause
      the cells to accumulate galactose-1-phosphate) also failed to affect cellular
      activity for the three enzymes. Similarly, the three activities failed to respond
      to the substitution of galactose for glucose in cultures of a rat hepatoma line.
      Cells of this line have been shown by others to perform a number of the tissue
      specific functions of liver. The failure of galactose to stimulate increasd
      cellular activity for the three enzymes represents a striking difference between
      the behavior of these enzymes in human diploid cell strains and their behavior in
      E. coli.

PMID- 170295
TI  - Lipid metabolism in pregnancy. II. Altered lipid composition in intermediage,
      very low, low and high-density lipoprotein fractions.
AB  - The hyperlipidemia of pregnancy consists primarily of an increase in triglyceride
      with lesser rises in cholesterol and phospholipid. As a further characterization,
      we have analyzed all lipids in the major lipoprotein subfractions in fasting
      pregnant and non-pregnant women. An elevated triglyceride in the major
      lipoprotein fractions in pregnancy is confirmed. The triglyceride rises in VLDL
      and IDL (density 1.006-1.019 lipoprotein) are associated with proportional rises
      in cholesterol and phospholipid. The result is a 3-4-fold increase of
      compositionally unchanged lipoprotein lipid. Contrasting changes are seen in LDL,
      density 1.019-1.063 lipoprotein, and HDL. In these fractions, triglyceride rises
      more than cholesterol and phospholipid. As a result, an increase in triglyceride
      on a percentage basis tends to reduce the contribution of the other two lipids.
      Nonetheless, on an absolute basis HDL cholesterol is not significantly reduced.
      The proportional increases in all lipids of VLDL and IDL fractions are consistent
      with increased VLDL production in pregnancy as suggested by data from animal
      systems. However, alterations in removal are not rules out. Maintenance of the
      HDL cholesterol level distinguishes pregnancy from other endogenous
      hypertriglyceridemias where HDL cholesterol is reduced. One may speculate that
      these physiological adaptations in material lipid transport can serve the
      increased energy needs of the mother, supply steroid hormone precursors for the
      placenta, and provide cholesterol and essential fatty acids for the fetus.

PMID- 170296
TI  - Transmembrane potentials and steroidogenesis in normal and neoplastic human
      adrenocortical tissue.
AB  - Trans-membrane potentials and steroidogenesis were measured in superfused slices
      of non-tumor and neoplastic human adrenocortical tissue. Non-tumor tissue was
      obtained at the time for renal transplant or from tissue removed along with
      tumors. Non-tumor human adrenocortical tissue had electrophysiological and
      steroidogenic properties similar to those of the rat and rabbit. In normal medium
      ACTH stimulated steroidogenesis but had no effect on the membrane potential. In
      K+-free medium, the cells hyperpolarized, and subsequent addition of ACTH caused
      depolarization. Trans-membrane potentials of adrenocortical tumors were lower
      than those of non-tumor cells. Ommission of K+ from the medium caused
      hyperpolairzation of the tumor cells, but the trans-membrane potentials did not
      reach the values of hyperpolarized non-tumor cells. ACTH, added to the K+-free
      medium, caused little or no change in membrane potential of tumor cells except in
      one case of a virilizing adenoma, which responded very much like non-tumor
      tissue. Except for the virilizing adenoma, tumor tissue slices produced little or
      no detectable fluorogenic steroid, even in the presence of large amounts of ACTH
      or cyclic AMP. The virilizing adenoma responded with increased steroidogensis to
      ACTH and cyclic AMP.

PMID- 170297
TI  - Epinephrine-induced alterations in urinary cyclic AMP in hyper- and
      hypothyroidism.
AB  - Although ratios of urinary cyclic AMP (cAMP) to creatinine were found in this
      study to be elevated in hyperthyroidism, as previously reported, this elevation
      appears to result primarily from a decrease in the rate of urinary creatinine
      excretion associated with the hyperthyroid state and not to be due to an increase
      in the urinary cAMP production rate. Indeed, there was no significant alteration
      observed in the urinary cAMP excretion found in 15 hyper-, 12 eu-, and 5
      hypothyroid subjects. However, a slight, but significant increase in the 24-hour
      urinary cAMP excretion was noted in ambulating hyperthyroid subjects (8.5 +/- 2.4
      muMol/day; normal 5.2 +/- 1.6 muMol/day; P less than .05). In contrast, the
      effect of the infusion of 0.05 mug/kg/min of epinephrine over a 2-hour period,
      resulted in a significantly greater rise in urinary cAMP excretion in
      hyperthyroid patients (0.83 +/- 0.07 muMol/h) compared to euthyroid subjects
      (0.53 +/- 0.4 muMol/h; P less than .005). Furthermore, hypothyroid subjects had
      no significant rise in urinary cAMP excretion after epinephrine infusion (P less
      than .001). Cardiovascular end-organ response to the epinephrine infusion was
      also greater in the hyperthyroid subjects and virtually absent in the hypothyroid
      group. These results suggest that there may be a significant alteration in the
      cAMP generating systems in states of thyroid hormone excess or insufficiency, and
      that provocative stimuli, such as epinephrine, may have its end-organ response
      modified by thyroid hormone effects on adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP generating
      systems.

PMID- 170298
TI  - Excretion of 2-hydroxyestrone in urine throughout human pregnancies.
AB  - Urinary 2-hydroxyesterone was quantitatively determined in the course of several
      normal human pregnancies. The urine was subjected to hot acid hydrolysis and
      after chromatographic purification, 2-hydroxyesterone was converted into the
      corresponding phenazine derivative, which was submitted to a final column
      chromatogrphy and then quantitated by UV-spectrometry. For correction of
      procedural losses 2-hydroxyestrone-4-14C was used as internal standard. The
      urinary 2-hydroxyestrone of different subjects varied within a wide range
      especially at mid-pregnancy between 100 and 2500 mug/24 h. The day-to-day
      variation of the excretion of 2-hydroxyestrone was mostly less than 30% of the
      total value of that day, but sometimes could even reach 60%. The investigation of
      2-hydroxyestrone and total estrogens at regular intervals throughout several
      pregnancies, showed that the excretion of 2-hydroxyesterone generally reached a
      maximum during the second trimester, while the excretion of the total estrogens
      steadily increased up to parturition. When analyzing the urines of different
      subjects during the last 4 months of pregnancy, no correlation appeared to exist
      for the excretions of the total estrogens and of 2-hydroxyestrone.

PMID- 170299
TI  - A note on the bone age at which patients with true isolated growth hormone
      deficiency enter puberty.
AB  - Nineteen boys with true isolated growth hormone deficiency developed the first
      stages of puberty at an average bone age of 12.0"years" (Tanner Whitehouse Method
      2, RUS score). The average chronological age was 15.0 years. Seven similar girls
      entered puberty at 10.9"years" in bone age and 13.7 years in chronological age.
      The means and ranges of bone age at beginning of puberty of these patients are
      very close to those of normal children.

PMID- 170300
TI  - Isolation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus from Mustelidae.
AB  - Herpesviruses isolated from either domesticated or wild carnivores should be
      immunologically compared with known viruses of this group which could have been
      included in the diet of the animal before being considered to be previously
      undescribed herpesviruses native to the carnivore in question.

PMID- 170301
TI  - Production of human lymphoblastoid interferon.
AB  - The interferon response of 21 lines of human lymphoblasts varied greatly.
      Interferon from the best producer (11,000 U/ml) resembled human leukocyte
      interferon.

PMID- 170302
TI  - Influence of oxygen and culture media on maintenance of whole hamster trachea
      organ cultures and replication of Sendai virus.
AB  - Effects of various oxygen concentrations and culture media on the maintenance of
      4-day-old hamster trachea organ cultures and the yield of Sendai virus were
      studied. The basic media used were Eagle minimal essential medium, medium 199,
      and CMRL 1066 supplemented with glutamine and antibiotics and buffered with
      NaHCO3 or N-2-hydroxyethyl-piperazine-N'-2'-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES). In
      addition, each medium was evaluated under a gas phase of 5% CO2 and 95% O2, 5%
      CO2 and 45% O2 and 50% N2, or 5% CO2 and 95% air. Culturing of explants with CMRL
      1066 and medium 199 buffered with HEPES in the presence of 5% CO2 and air proved
      most efficient; ciliary movement and ciliated surface epithelium were maintained
      for periods up to 27 days. No significant difference in the rate of replication
      of Sendai virus was seen in the three different media with the two buffer systems
      in the three different gaseous phases. The addition of 0.2% bovine serum albumin
      to the media yielded greater quantities of virus, up to 200-fold increase in
      titer without producing changes in ciliary function. A distinctive pattern of
      morphological changes was observed in explants of trachea epithelia inoculated
      with Sendai virus. These results suggest the practical application in the use of
      whole hamster trachea explants as a diagnostic aid in the isolation of Sendai
      virus from laboratory rodents.

PMID- 170303
TI  - Simplified scheme for routine identification of human Staphylococcus species.
AB  - From a total of 40 characters that were previously used to differentiate species
      of staphylococci, 13 key characters were selected to make a simplified scheme
      that could be easily used by the routine clinical laboratory for identifying
      human staphylococci. These key characters included coagulase activity, hemolysis,
      nitrate reduction, and aerobic acid production from fructose, xylose, arabinose,
      ribose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, and xylitol. In the
      simplified scheme, 924 strains of staphylococci were placed into 11 positions,
      each of which contained the major portion (greater than or equal to 80%) of
      strains of one of the recognized species. Several positions contained a rare or
      few uncommon strains of one or more additional species and these could be
      resolved on the basis of other key characters.

PMID- 170304
TI  - New satellitism test for isolation and identification of Haemophilus influenzae
      and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in sputum.
AB  - A new satellitism test designed to facilitate the isolation and identification of
      Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae is described. In the basal
      medium, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is incorporated at a concentration of
      0.2 mug per ml, an amount adequate for H. influenzae but not for H.
      parainfluenzae. Two disks are placed on the surface of the medium, one disk being
      impregnated with 60 mug of hemin and the other with 15 mug of nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide. Under these conditions, H. influenzae strains grow around
      the hemin disk only and the majority of H. parainfluenzae grow around the
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disk. This procedure gives results which are
      more clear cut than other established methods, especially in sputum culture.

PMID- 170305
TI  - Improved Epstein-Barr virus immunoglobulin M antibody test.
AB  - The successful demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus immunoglobulin M (EBV IgM)
      antibody in human sera has been accomplished to date by at least four groups of
      workers. Many, however, including ourselves, have had difficulty in getting
      reproducible results with the techniques described. The three-coat technique
      described by H. Schmitz and M. Scherer (1972) on both fractionated and
      unfractioned sera was adopted with minor modifications. The Hyland antihuman IgM
      antiserum used in the second coat was made specific by absorption on Cohn
      fraction II. This step in the procedure was found to be the single most important
      factor in arriving at reproducible results in the IgM test. The EBV IgM
      antibodies from our results to date with this method in 14 cases of heterophil
      positive cases of mononucleosis appear short lived, lasting 2 months or less.
      These antibodies were found in only 2 of 18 selected non-mononucleosis cases, in
      both associated with EBV-viral capsid antigen antibody rise or seroconversion.
      The successful elimination of nonspecific fluorescence by a simple, inexpensive
      procedure and the possibility of testing unabsorbed, unfractionated sera directly
      will facilitate the use oe the EBV IgM antibody test in the future.

PMID- 170306
TI  - Methods for the detection of viruses in bovine serum.
AB  - An evaluation of selected commonly used procedures for the recovery of endogenous
      viral contaminants in bovine serum was undertaken. Low speen centrifugation
      (25,000 x g) was found to be efficient for the recovery of bovine herpesvirus
      type 1 (BHV-1) and parainfluenza virus type 3(PI-3) in bovine serum. Decreased
      infectivity titers were obtained when parainfluenza virus type 3, and to a lesser
      extent bovine herpes virus type 1, were concentrated using high speed
      centrifugation (100,000 x g) for extended time periods. In neither case could
      infectious virus be recovered from serum containing sufficient titers of
      homologous neutralizing antibody, although electron microscopy examination
      revealed the presence of the viruses previously added. In the presence of
      homologous antibody, virus particles appeared to have a diffuse, poorly defined
      outer membrane. Neutralizing antibody titers to bovine herpesvirus type 1 and
      outer membrane. Neutralizing antibody titers to bovine herpesvirus type 1 and
      parainfluenza virus types were found in fetal, calf, and adult bovine sera. The
      prevalence and magnitude of the antibody titers to these viruses increased with
      the age of the animals examined.

PMID- 170307
TI  - Increased selectivity of Mitis-Salivarius agar containing polymyxin.
AB  - Incorporation of the antibiotic polymixin B sulfate in plates of Mitis-Salivarius
      medium at a level of 100 U per ml effectively suppressed the growth of gram
      negative spreading organisms which occasionally overgrow Mitis-Salivarius plates
      of oral samples and make them unsuitable for enumeration and differentiation of
      streptococci. At the indicated level the antibiotic did not affect the growth or
      typical colonial characteristics of the oral streptococci.

PMID- 170308
TI  - Complement-fixing antibody in human sera reactive with viral and soluble antigens
      of cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Antibody titers to cytomegalovirus were determined in 204 single-serum specimens
      and in 138 serum pairs, utilizing as antigen extracts of infected cells prepared
      by either freezing and thawing cells (FT antigen) or extracting them with a
      glycine buffer (GE antigen). With the serum pairs, 40% of the early sera and 44%
      of the late sera showed a fourfold or higher antibody titer with the GE antigen
      compared with those with the FT antigen, whereas 39% of the single sera had a
      fourfold or higher titer with the GE antigen. Sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation of the two antigen preparations indicated that the GE antigen
      contained two peaks of complement-fixing activity, one at a density of 1.18 to
      1.22 g/cm3 and one at 1.06 to 1.10 g/cm3. The FT antigen had only one discernible
      peak of complement-fixing activity at 1.04 to 1.10 g/cm3. On electron microscopy,
      the more dense peak contained mainly nucleocapsids with some dense bodies and
      occasional enveloped virions, and the lighter peak was composed of amorphous
      material. Antibody titers obtained with the crude GE antigen and the more dense
      peak (designated viral antigen) were in agreement, whereas titers with the FT
      antigen agreed with those obtained with the lighter peak (soluble antigen). The
      antibody detected with both antigens was mainly immunoglobulin G.

PMID- 170309
TI  - Detection by radioimmunoassay of antibodies in human smallpox patients and
      vaccinees.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay procedure was developed for determining smallpox and vaccinia
      antibodies in human sera. The test detected and measured both primary and
      secondary immune responses in persons infected with variola virus or vaccinia
      virus. The antibody titers obtained by complement fixation, hemagglutination
      inhibition, plaque reduction neutralization, and radioimmunoassay methods were
      compared. In sequential serum specimens, the radioimmunoassay test indicated
      fourfold or greater increases in all of the smallpox patients and in six of eight
      vaccinated persons. Both the complement fixation and the hemagglutination
      inhibition tests were less effective. In persons who had been vaccinated,
      radioimmunoassay and plaque reduction neutralization tests appeared to measure
      the same immune response. However, in smallpox patients the immune response was
      readily detected by radioimmunoassay, whereas an immune response was not detected
      by the plaque reduction neutralization test when vaccinia virus was the antigen
      in the test system. Radioimmunoassay is an operationally simple procedure which
      provides objective and quantitative end-point titers in serological
      determinations.

PMID- 170310
TI  - Diagnosis of Herpesvirus hominis infections in a general hospital laboratory.
AB  - There is a greatly increased interest in Herpesvirus hominis infections
      especially those of type 2 associated with genital lesions or neonatal disease.
      Physicians are eager to confirm the clinical impression with a specific virologic
      diagnosis such as isolation of the agent and its typing, and type-specific
      antibody responses. Procedures are reviewed here which permit such studies in
      general microbiology laboratories equipped for simple cell culture and
      immunofluorescence. This paper recounts experience with several laboratory
      methods and evaluates their efficiency and practicability in a general
      laboratory. Virus isolation was optimal if specimens were obtained from visible
      lesions early in their evolution and it often provided a specific diagnosis,
      including typing of the isolate by immunofluorescence, within 24 to 48 h.
      Estimation of serum antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 by indirect
      immunofluorescence was more sensitive and perhaps also more specific than by
      microneutralization test. A pilot study of herpes simplex virus antibody titers
      in mothers and in the cord blood of the offspring suggested the need to evaluate
      a possible protective role of high titer antibody in the fetus.

PMID- 170311
TI  - Inhibition of growth of Coccidioides immitis on Sabouraud medium containing
      polymyxin B.
AB  - No growth of Coccidioides immitis occurred when fluid from infected tissue or
      arthrospores suspended in distilled water were plated on the surface of Sabouraud
      medium, solidified with refined agar, and containing 20 mg of polymyxin B per
      liter. Solidification of Sabouraud medium with unrefined agar completely
      abolished the anticoccidioidal activity of polymyxin B.

PMID- 170312
TI  - Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with cryptococcosis.
AB  - Antibody levels to the Epstein-Barr virus, the etiological agent for heterophile
      positive infectious mononucleosis, have been demonstrated in high titer in a
      number of lymphomas as well as infectious mononucleosis. Recent reports have
      suggested that the elevated antibody levels to Epstein-Barr virus may be the
      nonspecific result of disordered cell-mediated immunity. This study of patients
      with cryptococcosis was therefore undertaken to examine another disorder of known
      etiology associated with a defect in cell-mediated immunity. In this study we
      found that antibody levels in cryptococcosis patients, including a group
      specifically demonstrated to be anergic to a series of skin test antigens, were
      no different than those in matched normal controls. At the present time,
      therefore, it is unlikely that elevated antibody levels can be explained solely
      on the basis of depressed cellular immunity.

PMID- 170314
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for detection of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in human
      infectious mononucleosis serum specimens.
AB  - A rapid microradioimmunoassay (RIA) technique was adapted for quantitatively
      measuring antibody titers to antigens occurring in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
      infected lymphoid cells. In these experiments two EBV-infected cell lines, HR1K
      and EB-3, were used as antigen-positive cells and Molt-4 was used as the negative
      control cells. The antibody titers of sera from suspected infectious
      mononucleosis patients were compared by RIA and indirect fluorescent antibody
      (IFA) methods. As determined by each of the methods, 14 of 19 sera had positive
      antibody titers and the remainder of the sera had negative antibody titers. Thus,
      the two methods agreed completely in differentiating sera with antibodies to EBV
      antigens. To further evaluate the antibody specificity of the RIA, the antibody
      titers of paired sera, pre- or early infection and postinfection, from five
      confirmed infectious mononucleosis patients were determined by RIA and IFA.
      Seroconversion was demonstrated by both RIA and IFA for each of the patients.
      Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of the two procedures are about the same.

PMID- 170313
TI  - New human adenovirus isolated from a renal transplant recipient: description and
      characterization of candiate adenovirus type 34.
AB  - An antigenically distinct adenovirus is described which was isolated in March
      1972 from the urine of a 17-year-old Caucasian male who was experiencing fever
      after receiving a kidney transplant from a cadaver in February. The adenovirus
      could not be isolated in April from a pharyngeal swab which yielded
      cytomegalovirus. Complement-fixation, hemagglutination-inhibition, and/or serum
      neutralization tests on sequential serum specimens from the patient confirmed
      that the adenovirus infection occurred during March and showed that infections
      with cytomegalovirus and respiratory syncytial virus also occurred during late
      March and April. The patient's persistent fever, for which other causes could not
      be found, may have been associated with one or more of these infections. Upper
      respiratory symptoms and lung involvement were not found during this period. Mild
      liver dysfunction during this time could not be clearly related to adenovirus
      infection because of the presence of multiple other causes. The adenovirus may
      have been latent in the donor kidney and become active in the new host as a
      consequence of immunological impairment. The adenovirus, purified by terminal
      dilution and plaque procedures, has antigenic, morphological, biophysical, host
      susceptibility, and hemagglutinating properties characteristic of adenovirus
      group IA. Buoyant densities in CsCl are 1.340 g/ml for the virion, 1.304 g/ml for
      the group CF antigen (hexon), 1.295 g/ml for the major soluble complete
      hemagglutinin (dodecon), and 1.206 g/ml for the minor soluble complete
      hemagglutinin (tentatively, fiber dimer). The virus does not cross-react in
      reciprocal hemagglutination-inhibition and serum-neutralization tests with
      antisera to adenovirus types 1 to 33. We propose this virus as candidate
      adenovirus type 34 (Compton).

PMID- 170315
TI  - Physicochemical and serological characteristics of respiratory virus fluorescein
      isothiocyanate conjugates for fluorescent-antibody diagnosis.
AB  - Fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugates were prepared by improved methods
      from standard reference antisera to influenza A and B, mumps, parainfluenza 1, 2,
      3, and 4, herpesvirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus hexon. The
      antisera, prepared in a variety of animals, were fractionated three times with
      selected optimal concentrations of ammonium sulfate and yielded gamma globulins
      of adequate purity for conjugation with FITC. Conjugates containing optimal
      fluorescein-to-protein ratios of between 5 and 10 were produced in 2 h by
      dialysis labeling. Serological titers of each antiserum and conjugate were
      determined by complement fixation, hemagglutination-inhibition, serum
      neutralization, and indirect hemagglutination tests where appropriate. When
      corrected for dilution, the serological titers of the FITC conjugates were
      identical to those of the starting antisera. The fluorescent-antibody staining
      titers correlated well with one of the serological parameters of the original
      serum. The conjugates stained homologous antigens specifically and were free of
      nonspecific staining at the working dilution. Undesired staining of host cells
      which was a problem with some of the conjugates produced from sera containing
      cellular antibodies was removed by absorption with packed cells. These
      physicochemical and serological findings were then used as a guide in preparing
      high quality reagents for fluorescent-antibody identification of respiratory
      viruses.

PMID- 170317
TI  - Measurement of parainfluenza-3 virus antibody by the single radial hemolysis
      technique.
AB  - A single radial hemolysis assay for parainfluenza-3 virus antibody is described
      as a simple, sensitive, accurate, and precise alternative to hemagglutination
      inhibition and serum neutralization tests. A highly significant correlation
      exists between single radial hemolysis zone areas and hemagglutination inhibition
      titers of both serum and nasal secretion samples. Antibody conversions equivalent
      to as little as a twofold rise in hemagglutination inhibition titer are readily
      and reliably detected in sera and nasal secretions. Single radial hemolysis and
      hemagglutination inhibition activity was demonstrable in the immunoglobulin G
      fraction of a hyperimmune parainfluenza-3 virus antiserum.

PMID- 170316
TI  - Design and construction of an apparatus for the growth of micro cell cultures on
      standard glass microscope slides and its application for screening large numbers
      of sera by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique.
AB  - A simple stainless-steel apparatus was designed to contain standard microscope
      slides on which were grown micro cell cultures in the form of 16 individual
      monolayers per slide. The application of this apparatus for the screening of
      serum samples by fluorescent antibody techniques is described.

PMID- 170318
TI  - Dispersion and cultivation of renal cells after short-term storage of kidneys.
AB  - A new method for the preparation of cell suspensions from human newborn kidneys
      is described. It involves the use of a mixture of trypsin
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and collagenase. The cell yields obtained after
      tissue dispersion by this method were significantly greater than those obtained
      after dispersion with either trypsin or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid alone or
      in combination. When kidneys were removed 12 h or more postmortem from
      refrigerated cadavers, higher cell yields were obtained from renal tissue stored
      overnight at 4 to 6 C in CMRL ATM (Healy and Parker, 1966), as compared to cell
      yields obtained from kidneys processed immediately upon removal. This observation
      was confirmed by controlled experiments performed with rabbit kidneys.

PMID- 170319
TI  - Optimal cooling and warming rates in the preservation of herpes simplex virus
      (type 2).
AB  - Fast rates of cooling and warming were optimal for survival of herpes simplex
      virus, type 2. Under these conditions cryoprotectants were not necessary for
      virus preservation.

PMID- 170320
TI  - Lobular carcinoma of the breast: a special variant of mucin-secreting carcinoma.
AB  - There is currently much speculation over the precise nature of lobular carcinoma
      in-situ of the breast and its significance. Histochemical study shows that it is
      rich in sialomucin. This has a characteristic intracellular distribution which
      distinghishes lobular carcinoma in-situ from cancerization of lobules. The same
      histochemical features are seen in the infiltrative phase of the tumour. These
      findings invalidate the concept that it is a myoepithelial-cell tumour. Practical
      applications of the distinctive pattern of mucin secretion are discussed.

PMID- 170321
TI  - [Some molecular mechanisms and the prospects for preventing aging].

PMID- 170322
TI  - [Study of serum cholinesterase using a spin-labelled inhibitor].

PMID- 170323
TI  - Studies on vitamin D and its analogs. VIII. Solution conformations of vitamin D3
      and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by high-resolution proton magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 170324
TI  - Letter: Synthetic oxygen carrier. A dioxygen adduct of a manganese porphyrin.

PMID- 170325
TI  - Letter: The vitamin D-3,5-cyclovitamin D rearrangement.

PMID- 170326
TI  - New observations on the anatomical features of the human vagina and cervix.

PMID- 170327
TI  - Reproductive endocrinology of the normal male.

PMID- 170328
TI  - Atypical lupus-like syndrome following prolonged pronestyl administration.

PMID- 170329
TI  - Dietary factors and aflatoxin toxicity: I. Comparison of the effect of two diets
      supplemented with aflatoxin B1 upon two different strains of rats.

PMID- 170330
TI  - The pseudovascular foot.

PMID- 170331
TI  - Diaminobenzidine reactivity of mitochondria and peroxisomes in Tetrahymena and in
      wild-type and cytochrome oxidase-deficient Paramecium.
AB  - Reactivity of mitochondria and peroxisomes to diaminobenzidine was investigated
      in Tetrahymena pyriformis and in wild-type and cytochrome oxidase-deficient
      Paramecium aurelia. Wild-type and cytochrome oxidase-deficient Paramecium gave
      positive mitochondrial reactions in the absence of added H2O2, and the deposits
      were enhanced by the addition of H2O2, whereas Tetrahymena gave positive
      mitochondrial reactions only upon addition of H2O2. These results are discussed
      in the light of the current ideas concerning the mechanism of staining by
      diaminobenzidine. Peroxisome-like organelles which react positively to
      diaminobenzidine, the reaction being partially inhibited by aminotriazole, were
      identified in both protozoa.

PMID- 170333
TI  - Serological survey of parainfluenza and parotitis in the population of
      Czechoslovakia.
AB  - A serological survey was carried out to determine the prevalence and age
      distribution of HI antibodies against M. parainfluenzae type 1, 2, 3 and 4A and
      against M. parotitis in the population on from 7 regions of the Czech Socialist
      Republic. While the distribution of antibodies to M. parainfluenzae is similar in
      all regions under study, considerable regional differences have been found in the
      occurence of antibodies against parotitis virus.

PMID- 170332
TI  - An investigation of the possible transmission of Rhinovirus colds through
      indirect contact.
AB  - Rhinovirus was recovered from the fingers of 16 of 38 volunteers and others, who
      were swabbed during the acute stages of their colds. Very low titres of virus
      were also recovered from 6 of 40 objects recently handled by infected volunteers,
      but not from the fingers of 18 non-infected subjects whose flat-mates were
      shedding virus. When rhinovirus from nasal secretions was dried on skin or other
      surfaces during laboratory experiments, approximately 40-99% of infectivity was
      lost. Virus could be transferred from surface to surface by rubbing, the transfer
      being more efficient if it was carried out while the inoculum was still damp.
      Volunteers could infect themselves if a moderately heavy dose (88 TCD50) of virus
      was inoculated on the finger and then rubbed into the conjunctiva or nostril,
      especially if the inoculum was still damp. From estimates of virus titres in
      nasal washings and on fingers, and of amounts transferred by rubbing, it was
      concluded that apread of colds is unlikely to occur via objects contaminated by
      the hands of the virus-shedder, but that a receipient might pick up enough virus
      on his fingers by direct contact with heavily infected skin or secretions to
      constitute a risk of self-inoculation via the conjunctiva or nostril.

PMID- 170334
TI  - Two novel stimuli of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in human
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Polystyrene latex particles (PLP) and zymosan particles (ZP), two commonly
      employed phagocytic stimuli, were noted to bind to purified human peripheral
      blood lymphocytes. This interaction was not accompained by ingestion but did lead
      to a marked increase in intracellular cyclic AMP. The cAMP response to PLP was
      proportional to the particle cell ratio which, in turn, correlated with the
      number of membrane-associated particles. After the addition of PLP to
      lymphocytes, the cAMP response occurred within 2 min, peaked between 4 and 15
      min, and returned to baseline by 30 to 60 min. The cAMP response to ZP was
      similar in onset and duration to that seen with PLP but was less marked (2- to 4
      fold vs 25- to 50-fold) and more variable in magnitude. This is probably a
      reflection of the smaller number of cells interacting with ZP. At high PLP to
      cell ratios almost all of the lymphocytes bound PLP but only 10 to 28% of the
      mixed lymphocyte population bound ZP. Two lines of evidence established
      conclusively that the cAMP response was taking place in the lymphocytes
      themselves rather than in contaminating cells. 1) When lymphocytes were purified
      additionally by filtration through a nylon wool column (99 to 100% lymphocytes),
      they were found to undergo a similar cAMP response to PLP. Since the nylon
      filtration procedure also removes almost all of the B cells, this further
      indicates that T cells are capable of undergoing the response. 2)
      Immunofluorescence studies with anti-cAMP antibody revealed an increase in
      intralymphocytic cAMP which was primarily adjacent to the site of PLP or ZP
      attachment. The likely explanation of this data is that PLP and ZP perturb the
      lymphocyte surface leading to regional activation of membrane-bound adenylate
      cyclase and subsequent cAMP accumulation. Although the physiologic significance
      of these observations remains to be determined, the results: 1) provide
      histologic confirmation for the concept of cAMP compartmentablization, 2) clarify
      conflicting results regarding the localization of cAMP accumulation during the
      phagocytosis of PLP by mixed leukocyte populations, and 3) suggest that this
      experimental system may allow an analysis of the mechanism by which perturbations
      of the lymphocyte surface modulate cAMP.

PMID- 170335
TI  - The role of cyclic AMP in the chemotactic responsiveness and spontaneous motility
      of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. The inhibition of neutrophil movement and the
      elevation of cyclic AMP levels by catecholamines, prostaglandins, theophylline
      and cholera toxin.
AB  - Agents known to affect intracellular levels of cyclic AMP in many diverse systems
      have been tested for their effect on the chemotaxis induced by Escherichia coli
      culture filtrates, spontaneous motility and cyclic AMP levels of rabbit
      peritoneal neutrophils. Prostaglandin E1 and A1 but not prostaglandin F2alpha
      increased neutrophil cyclic AMP levels and, correspondingly, only the former two
      prostaglandins inhibited chemotaxis. Nevertheless, a quantitative relationship
      between prostaglandin stimulation of cyclic AMP and inhibition of chemotaxis
      could not be found. Epinephrine, isoproterenol, and, to a much lesser extent,
      norepinephrine increased neutrophil cyclic AMP through beta adrenergic
      stimulation. Only epinephrine and isoproterenol inhibited chemotaxis, but the
      inhibition was variable and not related to the ability of these catecholamines to
      increase intracellular cyclic AMP. Cholera toxin increased neutrophil cyclic AMP
      after a 30-min lag period which paralled its inhibitory effect on chemotaxis and
      spontaneous motility. However, the effect on chemotaxis require 50 ng/ml of toxin
      whereas the effect on cyclic AMP was manifested at 2 ng/ml of toxin. Prior to 30
      min preincubation there was no effect of even 1250 ng/ml of toxin on either
      cyclic AMP or chemotaxis. Choleragenoid prevented the effects of toxin on both
      cyclic AMP and chemotaxis. The bacterial chemotactic factor obtained from E. coli
      culture filtrates did not effect a measurable change in levels of neutrophil
      cyclic AMP. The data indicate that even though cyclic AMP is not, in the main
      sequence of events, triggering the chemotactic response, increases in neutrophil
      cyclic AMP may modulate the movement and thus the chemotactic responsiveness of
      the neutrophil.

PMID- 170336
TI  - Lymphocyte populations of AKR/J mice. III. Changes in the preleukemic state.

PMID- 170337
TI  - Studies on the adjuvant effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine to sheep
      erythrocytes in the mouse. I. In vitro enhancement of antibody formation with
      normal spleen cells.
AB  - The adjuvant effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine (PV) on the antibody response
      to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) has been studied in vitro with the Mishell-Dutton
      immunization technique. The addition of PV to cultures of spleen cells obtained
      from normal non-immunized mice markedly enhanced the plaque-forming cell response
      to SRBC. The greatest enhancement was evident at 24 hr of culture. PV was also
      shown to enhance the antibody response of spleen cells that had been depleted of
      either T lymphocytes or adherent cells, presumably macrophages. In addition, it
      was found that PV, per se, released into the culture medium a soluble cell-free
      component(s) that contributed significantly to adjuvanticity. The results suggest
      that at least one of the ways that PV enhances the in vitro immune response to
      SRBC is by direct stimulation of precursors of antibody-forming cells.

PMID- 170338
TI  - The requirement for macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in T lymphocyte
      proliferation induced by generation of aldehydes on cell membranes.
AB  - Guinea pig T lymphocyte proliferation induced by sodium periodate (NaIO4) or
      neuraminidase-galactose oxidase (NG) occurs when lymphocytes and macrophages are
      cultured together after treatment of either purified T lymphocytes or macrophages
      with these agents. Regardless of which cell initially bears the modified surface
      carbohydrate, lymphocyte proliferation requires the presence of viable homologous
      macrophages and fails to occur when they are replaced with fibroblasts,
      erythrocytes, L2C leukemia cells, thymocytes, PMN, line I hepatoma cells, or
      murine macrophages. Lymphocyte proliferation resulting from NaIO4 or NG treatment
      of lymphocytes is diminished when these cells are treated with proteolytic
      enzymes or aged in in vitro culture for 48 hr. By contrast, proteolytic enzyme
      treatment or in vitro aging has no effect on the ability of NaIO4 or NG-treated
      macrophages to induce lymphocyte proliferation. The requirement for macrophage
      lymphocyte interaction in NaIO4 or NG-induced lymphocyte proliferation is
      indicative of a central role for the macrophage in the initiation of T lymphocyte
      proliferation.

PMID- 170339
TI  - Immunosuppression by spleen cells from Moloney leukemia. Comparison of the
      suppressive effect on antibody response and on mitogen-induced response.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of cells from leukemic spleens on the immune functions of
      normal lymphocytes was studied. Suppressor cells were obtained as the nonadherent
      fraction (NA) from splenic tumors of mice infected with MuLV-Moloney. This
      fraction (NA MuLV- M) contained less than 10% membrane Ig-positive (Ig+) cells,
      45 to 60% theta-positive cells (theta+) and 40 to 50% naught cells (theta-, Ig-).
      Similarly prepared fractions from normal control spleens (NAc) containing 75 to
      90% theta+cells and less than 10% Ig+ and naught cells were utilized in control
      cultures. Addition of the NA MuLV- M cells into cultures (Marbrook system) of
      normal spleen cells with sheep red blood cells suppressed the specific antibody
      response determined by the number of hemolytic plaque forming cells (PFC). The
      PFC response was significantly suppressed at a suppressor cell to responder cell
      ratio of 1:100, and was completely abolished at a ratio of 1:10 or higher. The
      control NAc fraction showed some inhibitory effect only at high suppressor to
      responder ratios (1:2 or 1:1). In contrast, the suppressive effect of NAMuLV-M on
      mitogen-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation in normal B and T cells was much
      weaker. Very little, if any, suppression occurred at the ratio of 1:100 or 1:10,
      however, about 50% decrease in DNA synthesis was observed at the ratio 1:2 or
      1:1. On the basis of this differential suppressive effect, it is suggested that
      leukemic spleen cells can suppress the function of immunocompetent cells by more
      than one mechanism.

PMID- 170340
TI  - Complete local tumor regression with antibody to fibrin Fragment E.
AB  - Rabbit antibody to fibrin fragment E (FFE) was used in an immunotherapy model for
      the treatment of the line-10 ascites variant of a diethylnitrosamine-induced
      hepatoma in strain 2 guinea pigs. When 0.75 or 1.0 mg of an IgG preparation
      containing anti-FFE antibody was injected s.c. 6 and 16 days after the injection
      of a uniformly lethal dose of line-10 tumor cells, complete regression of the
      i.d. growing tumor was observed in all 18 strain 2 guinea pigs treated. Thus,
      this therapy appears to be more effective than any BCG or other immunotherapeutic
      regimen thus far reported for this tumor. No significant anti-tumor effect was
      noted when normal rabbit IgG or smaller doses (0.25 or 0.50 mg) of the anti-FFE
      IgG preparation were used. The injection sites exhibited an inflammatory response
      for 7 to 10 days characterized by erythema and hemorrhage. Since all animals were
      treated after the metastatic progression of the tumor is known to frequently
      occur, the long-term tumor-free survival of these animals as well as their 
      resistance to subsequent tumor challenge indicate that the anti-FFE antibody
      therapy led to systemic tumor immunity.

PMID- 170341
TI  - Production of interferon by immune lymphocytes exposed to herpes simplex virus
      antibody complexes.
AB  - Splenic leukocytes from rabbits immunized with herpes simplex virus (HSV)
      incorporated significant amounts of 3H-TdR and produced interferon after in vitro
      incubation with  HSV antigens. In contrast, splenic leukocytes from nonimmune
      rabbits did not incorporate 3H-TdR or produce interferon when incubated with HSV
      antigens. Antigen-antibody complexes consisting of HSV antigens and anti-HSV
      antibody also were capable of stimulating immune leukocytes to incorporate 3H-TdR
      and to produce interferon.

PMID- 170342
TI  - Anomalous reactions of mouse alloantisera with cultured tumor cells. II.
      Cytotoxicity is caused by antibodies to leukemia viruses.
AB  - Certain alloantisera prepared in mice against H-2 region membrane antigens were
      found to be unexpectedly cytotoxic for murine sarcoma and leukemia cells in
      culture. This anomalous cytotoxicity was shown to be the result of antibody in
      these alloantisera directed against the p15 and gp70 envelope proteins of Mu LV
      which were present on the surface of the tumor target cells. Sera from aged
      unimmunized mice of strains used for the preparation of alloantisera also
      contained antibodies against MuLV protein p15 and gp70 that were cytotoxic for
      sarcoma and leukemia cells, which indicates that these antibodies occurred
      naturally in mice. These results independently confirm earlier findings of the
      widespread occurrence in mouse serum of antibodies reactive with MuLV. The
      presence of antibody against MuLV in mouse serum which can cause cytotoxic
      reactions with tumor cells points to the fact that particular caution should be
      used during the typing of murine sarcomas or leukemias for cell surface antigens,
      since mouse antisera may yield cytotoxicity (or other serologic reactions) based
      on anti-MuLV specificities, rather than on anticipated antigens.

PMID- 170343
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity to Friend virus-induced leukemia. I. Modification of
      125IUdR release cytotoxicity assay for use with suspension target cells.
AB  - Cell-mediated cytotoxic reactivity of C57BL/6 mice against syngeneic FBL-3 cells,
      a Friend virus-induced leukemia, was measured by the 125IUdR release assay with
      tumor target cells in suspension. The tests could be performed either with Linbro
      tissue culture plates(16-mm wells) or with Microtest II plates (6-mm wells). The
      former could only be harvested manually; the latter could be harvested
      mechanically by an automatic harvesting apparatus which permitted larger scale
      tests. With either plate, it was found that careful preparation of the target
      cells and of the attacker cells has important effects on the results obtained.
      When performed under optimal test conditions, the 125IUdR assay can be used as a
      very simple, objective, and reproducible assay for testing cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 170344
TI  - The ontogeny of murine B lymphocytes. I. Induction of phenotypic conversion of Ia
      to Ia+ lymphocytes.
AB  - When bone marrow and spleen cells of 4 week-old mice are fractionated on a
      discontinuous BSA gradient, a small fraction of Ia- cells is obtained which can
      be induced in vitro to express the Ia alloantigen within 2 hr. This is in precise
      parallel to the prothymocyte induction system of Komuro and Boyse. Ia specificity
      is ascertained by the use of two reciprocal antisera, A.TH anti-A.TL (anti-Iak)
      and A.TL anti-A.TH (anti-Ias), which yield the expected reaction pattern on
      induced bone marrow cells of (B6 X A)F1 (Iak) and SJL/J (Ias) mice. Induction can
      be effected by a number of agents, such as catecholamines, prostaglandin PGE1,
      cAMP, bacterial endotoxin, lipid A, ubiquitin, and thymopoietin. The last
      requires a 100-fold higher concentration for Ia+ induction as compared to
      prothymocyte induction, thus implying a lower affinity for the B cell receptor
      than for the thymocyte receptor. Ia- to Ia+ conversion involves cells different
      from prothymocytes, as indicated by: 1) the specific cytolytic effect of our anti
      Ia sera which were shown to be free of activity against thymocytes; 2) an
      additive cytolytic effect of anti-Ia and anti-Thy-1 sera; and 3) the fact that
      the Ia inducible cells are sensitive to pretreatment with anti-immunoglobulin and
      C. This finding that Ia- precursor cells are already Ig+ is of interest for the B
      cell ontogeny, as it implies that Ig expression precedes Ia expression.

PMID- 170345
TI  - Reduced epidermal cyclic AMP accumulation following prostaglandin stimulation:
      Its possible role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
AB  - Since prostaglandins are known to be one of the modulators of cyclic AMP, a study
      of the role of prostaglandins and their relation to the regulation of the
      nucleotide in psoriasis was initiated. Guinea-pig epidermal preparations were
      incubated with prostaglandins (PGs) in the presence of theophylline. PGE1
      increased cyclic AMP levels 3.5-fold whereas a 2-fold increase was seen with PGE2
      and PGA1. The increase in cyclic AMP accumulation was linear with increasing
      concentration of PGE1, from 10(-11) to 10(-5) M. PGE1 significantly increased
      cyclic AMP in psoriatic epidermis in vitro; however, the stimulation of cyclic
      AMP accumulation was significantly less in involved epidermis as compared with
      uninvolved tissue. The specificity of this stimulation, its occurrence at
      physiologic levels, and the decreased responsiveness of the cyclic AMP system in
      psoriatic epidermis to PGE1 stimulation suggest that the altered response of
      epidermis to PGs may be one of the factors in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.

PMID- 170346
TI  - [A case report of generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 170348
TI  - Lysosomal enzymes in normal and Chediak-Higashi blood leukocytes.
AB  - A method of blood granylocyte concentration and isolation of granules from both
      normal and neutropenic Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) patients is described. the
      intracellular distribution of activity for several hydrolases in CHS granulocytes
      differs from normal; significantly more activity is present in the cytoplasmic
      fraction and correspondingly less is granule-associated. Isolated CHS granules
      are not more sensitive to the labilizing agents vitamin A, progesterone, or
      etiocholanolone. Specific activities of myeloperoxidase and ss-glucuronidase in
      CHS granulocytes are lower than normal while alkaline phosphatase is elevated.
      Other lysosomal enzyme activities are normal. Lysosomal enzyme distribution and
      content are similar in CHS and normal mononuclear cells. The possible
      significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 170347
TI  - The effect of chenodeoxycholic acid feeding on bile acid kinetics and fecal
      neutral steroid excretion in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia types II and IV.
AB  - The kinetics of 24-14C-cholic acid and 3H-chenodeoxycholic acid and the
      elimination of cholesterol as fecal neutral steroids were studied in 6 patients
      with Type II and 7 patients with Type IV lipoprotein pattern before and during
      the ingestion of 0.8 to 1.0 Gm. of chenodeoxycholic acid per day. During
      treatment, the pool size of chenodeoxycholic acid increased in all subjects (not
      studied in one Type IV patient). In Type II patients, this effect was associated
      with a decrease of the cholic acid pool size from 868 +/- 141 to 213 +/- 51 mg.
      and of the cholic acid synthesis from 204 +/- 36 to 54 +/- 20 mg. per day. In the
      patients with hyperlopoproteinemia Type IV, the cholic acid pool size diminished
      in 6 of the 7 subjects all of whom showed a decrease in the cholic acid synthesis
      on the average from 607 +/- 155 to 202 +/- 44 mg. per day. It is suggested that
      the feedback control of cholic acid synthesis is less sensitive in the Type IV
      than in the Type II patients. Chenodeoxycholic acid feeding did not influence the
      fecal excretion of cholesterol, coprostanol, and coprostanone in a consistent
      way.

PMID- 170349
TI  - Accumulation of sulfate-containing acid mucopolysaccharides in I-cell
      fibroblasts.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive papper electrophoretic assay for 35SO4-containing compounds
      was developed which allowed measurement of 35S-acid mucopolysaccharides
      synthesized by skin fibroblasts grown in the presence of inorganic 35S-sulfate.
      Fibroblasts from a skin explant of a patient with I-cell disease when grown in
      culture accumulated abnormal amounts of 35S-acid mucopolysaccharides and other,
      as yet unidentified, 35S-labeled compounds. Approximately 75% of the 35S
      compounds accumulated by I-cell fibroblasts were not metabolized and remained in
      the cells after transfer to nonlabeled medium. I-cell fibroblasts differ from
      fibroblasts derived from classical mucopolysaccharidoses such as Hurler's and
      Hunter's syndromes in the amount and types of 35S-labeled acid
      mucopolysaccharides accumulated. I-cell fibroblasts accumulated chondroitin 4-
      and 6-sulfates (16 per cent), dermatan sulfate (32 per cent), heparan sulfate (32
      per cent), and other unidentified 35S-compounds. The unidentified fraction was
      not hydrolyzed by microbial chondroitinase or heparinase. Attempts to correct the
      defect in I-cell fibroblasts by growth in the presence of extracts of normal
      cells resulted in release of only 10 per cent of the accumulated
      mucopolysaccharides. Under the same conditions, Hurler and Hunter fibroblasts
      lost over 90 per cent of accumulated mucopolysaccharides.

PMID- 170350
TI  - Interaction of rat plasma very low density lipoprotein with lipoprotein lipase
      rich (postheparin) plasma.
AB  - Incubation of 125I-labeled very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) with lipoprotein
      lipase-rich (postheparin) plasma obtained from intact or supradiaphragmatic rats
      resulted in the transfer of more than 80% of apoprotein C from VLDL to high
      density lipoprotein (HDL), whereas apoprotein B was associated with lipoprotein
      of density less than 1.019 g/ml (intermediate lipoprotein). The transfer of 125I
      labeled apoprotein C from VLDL to HDL increased with time and decreased in
      proportion to the amount of VLDL in the incubation system. A relationship was
      established between the content of triglycerides and apoprotein C in VLDL,
      whereas the amount of apoprotein C in VLDL was independent of that of other
      apoproteins, especially apoprotein B. The injection of heparin to rats
      preinjected with 125I-labeled VLDL caused apoprotein interconversions similar to
      those observed in vitro. The intermediate lipoprotein was relatively rich in
      apoprotein B, apoprotein VS-2, cholesterol, and phospholipids and poor in
      triglycerides and apoprotein C. The mean diameter of intermediate lipoprotein was
      269 A (compared with 427 A, the mean Sf rate was 30.5 (compared with 115), and
      the mean weight was 7.0 X 10(6) daltons (compared with 23.1 X 10(6)). From these
      data it was possible to calculate the mass of lipids and apoproteins in single
      lipoprotein particles. The content of apoprotein B in both particles was
      virtually identical, 0.7 X 10(6) daltons. The relative amount of all other
      constituents in intermediate lipoprotein was lower than in VLDL: triglycerides,
      22%; free cholesterol, 37%; esterified cholesterol, 68%; phospholipids, 41%;
      apoprotein C, 7%, and VS-2 apoprotein, 60%. The data indicate that (a) one and
      only one intermediate lipoprotein is formed from each VLDL particle, and (b)
      during the formation of the intermediate lipoprotein all lipid and apoprotein
      components other than apoprotein B leave the density range of VLDL to a varying
      degree. Whether these same changes occur during the clearance of VLDL in vivo is
      yet to be established.

PMID- 170351
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of rat serum very low density apolipoprotein.
AB  - There was a rapid transfer of radioactive peptides to other lipoprotein fractions
      during the first 30 min after the intravenous injection of 125I-labeled rat very
      low density lipoprotein (VLDL) into rats. After this initial redistribution of
      radioactivity, label disappeared slowly from all lipoprotein fractions. The
      disappearance of 125I-labeled human VLDL injected into rats was the same as that
      of rat VLDL. Most of the radioactivity transferred from VLDL to low density (LDL)
      and high density (HDL) lipoproteins was associated with two peptides, identified
      in these studies by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as zone IVa and IVb
      peptides (fast-migrating peptides, possibly analogous to some human C
      apolipoproteins), although radioactivity initially associated with zone I
      (analogous to human apolipoprotein B) and zone III (not characterized) was also
      transferred to LDL and HDL. That the transfer of label from VLDL to LDL and HDL
      primarily involved small molecular weight peptides was confirmed in studies using
      VLDL predominantly labeled in these peptides by in vitro transfer from 125I
      labeled HDL. Both zone I and zone IV radioactivity was rapidly removed from VLDL
      during the first 5 min after injection. However, although most of the zone IV
      radioactivity was recovered in LDL and HDL, only 12% of the label lost from zone
      I of VLDL was recovered in other lipoproteins, with the remainder presumably
      having been cleared from the plasma compartment. We have concluded that, during
      catabolism of rat VLDL apoprotein, there is a rapid transfer of small molecular
      weight peptides to both LDL and HDL. During the catabolic process, most of the
      VLDL is rapidly removed from the circulation, with only a small portion being
      transformed into LDL molecules.

PMID- 170352
TI  - Increase in plasma testosterone concentrations after injection of
      adrenocorticotrophin into the boar.
AB  - Injection of a 'rapid-acting' preparation of porcine adrenocorticotrophic hormone
      (ACTH) into three boars resulted in a rapid rise in plasma testosterone levels
      which accompanied the expected rise in plasma corticosteroids. Urinary
      dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) levels were measured in one boar and were found to
      be raised also. The results suggest that the effect involved enhaced testicular
      steroid activity and was related to the dosage of ACTH employed. This action of
      ACTH is thought to be mediated through the adrenal cortex since injection of
      cortisol elecited a rise in testosterone similar to that observed after injection
      of ACTH. ACTH had no effect on testosterone levels in a castrated boar. When a
      'long-acting' preparation of ACTH was administered to two boars twice daily for 5
      days, testosterone levels were depressed. It was concluded that ACTH may bring
      about an increase or a decrease in plasma testosterone levels in the boar
      depending upon the length of time increased levels of ACTH are present in the
      circulation.

PMID- 170353
TI  - Serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in male rats
      with experimentally induced damage of the germinal epitheilum.
AB  - The effect of the depletion of germinal cells from the seminiferous tubules on
      serum follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) was studied in young male
      rats. A single administration of 1-(N,N-diethylcarbamylmethyl)-2-4-dinitropyrrole
      (ORF 1616) seemed to damage primary spermatocytes and especially young
      spermatids. Whenever young spermatids (stages 1-8) were absent or at least
      decreased in number, a significant increase in serum FSH, and in some cases serum
      LH, was detected. The administration of another drug, bis (dichloroacetyl)
      diamine (WIN 18446) for 21 consecutive days induced a depletion of primary
      spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubules, which was followed by a depletion of
      spermatids, due to the lack of spermatocytes to generat them. By the time the
      seminiferous tubules showed partial or total disapperance of young spermatids,
      serum FSH and in some cases also serum LH levels were significantly raised. It is
      concluded that the germinal epithelium of rat testes exerts some kind of control
      on serum gonadotrophin levels. Young spermatids seem to be involved in this
      regulation.

PMID- 170354
TI  - Re-introduction and evaluation of an accurate, high capacity bioassay for
      melanocyte-stimulating hormone using the skin of Anolis carolinensis in vitro.
AB  - A simple and rapid assay for the quantitative determination of melanocyte
      stimulating hormone (MSH) activity, using skin fragments of the lizard Anolis
      carolinensis in vitro, is described in detail. This assay, in which a quantal
      response (e.g. induction of a brownish-green colour) can be detected by visual
      observation, allows determination of MSH activity in up to 50 samples/day by one
      person, using the skin of one lizard. The mean dose found to induce this colour
      change was 0-15 ng synthetic alpha-MSH/ml (range 0-02-0-5 ng/ml). The assays
      shows high accuracy, reproducibility and specificity. Anterior and posterior lobe
      hormones as well as pituitary catecholamines do not interfere with the
      determination of pituitary MSH activitymthe method is compared with the assay
      using hypophysectomized frogs (Rana pipiens) in vivo. Determinations of MSH in
      pituitary extracts by both methods gave quantitatively similar results when
      determined with alpha-MSH as the reference substance. However, when beta-seryl
      MSH was used as a reference, the two assays gave different results for the MSH
      activity of the pituitary extractsmthis indicates that MSH from the rat pituitary
      gland has a biological activity similar to that of alpha-MSH rather than to that
      of beta-seryl MSH.

PMID- 170356
TI  - Differentiation of photoreceptors in cultured optic vesicles from embryos of Rana
      esculenta.
AB  - Optic vesicles from embryos of Rana esculenta at a stage corresponding to stage
      19 in the development of Rana pipiens were cultured for 15 days. The eyes which
      differentiated in vitro were much smaller than controls of the same age, due
      partly to the absence of the vitreous body. In many specimens a well-stratified
      retina surrounded by a layer of pigmented cells was found. The features of all
      the components of the retinal layers are described. The complete differentiation
      of photoreceptors, including their outer segments, is the most interesting result
      obtained in these organ cultures, and is in contrast with the observations
      previously reported for retinal tissue cultures. The authors suggest that the
      source of the material (amphibia instead of birds or mammals) is the main reason
      for this discrepancy. Frog embryo cells are practically self-sufficient since
      they are endowed with nutritional substances, amongst which Vit. A and
      antioxidative agents (Vit. E and ascorbic acid) have been indicated as the most
      important factors for the structural organization and integrity of the outer
      segments. The role played by the pigment epithelium is also discussed.

PMID- 170355
TI  - Effects of cadmium of the hydro-osmotic and natriferic responses to the toad
      bladder to vasopressin.
AB  - Cadmium, 10(-3) mol/l on the mucosal or 10(-5) mol/l on the serosal side of the
      toad urinary bladder, inhibits the hydro-osmotic effect of vasopressin. This
      inhibition is irreversible. The osmotic transfer of water in the absence of
      vasopressin was unaffected by the presence of the Cd2+. The hydro-osmotic
      response to cyclic AMP was also reduced by the Cd2+, but the response due to
      hypertonicity of the serosal bathing solution was unaffected. The short-circuit
      current (reflecting active transmural Na+ transport) was inhibited by 10(-3) mol
      Cd2+/l on the serosa, but was increased by 10(-3) mol/l at the mucosa or 10(-4)
      mol/l at the serosa. The natriferic response of the bladder to vasopressin was
      unaffected when Cd2+ was present under conditions that inhibited the hydro
      osmotic response, further emphasizing that separate effector mechamisms may be
      involved for each effect.

PMID- 170357
TI  - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in chick limb mesodermal cells in vitro:
      effects of 3-acetylpyridine and nicotinamide.
AB  - The studies reported here show that in cultures of developing mesodermal cells,
      chondrogenic expression is associated with a progressive decline in cellular NAD+
      levels. Furthermore, reduced cellular NAD+ levels resulting from exposure to the
      nicotinamide analog 3-acetylpyridine are correlated with a 2- to 100-fold
      potentiation of chondrogenic expression. Conversely, elevated NAD+ levels
      resulting from exposure to nicotinamide alone are correlated with inhibition of
      chondrogenic expression. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that
      pyridine nucleotides, or some derivative thereof, play a central role in the
      control of muscle and cartilage development in embryonic chick limbs.

PMID- 170359
TI  - Glycogen metabloism in the developing chick glycogen body: functional
      significance of the direct oxidative pathway.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and glucose
      6-phosphatase were quantitatively determined for the first time in glycogen body
      tissue from late embryonic and neonatal chicks. For comparative purposes, the
      activities of these enzymes were examined also in liver and skeletal muscle from
      pre- and post-hatched chicks. The present data show that both the embryonic and
      neonatal glycogen body lack glucose-6-phosphatase, but contain relatively high
      levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The activity of each dehydrogenase
      in either embryonic or neonatal glycogen body tissue is two- to five-fold greater
      than that found in muscle or liver from pre- or post-hatched chicks. The
      relatively high activities observed for both dehydrogenases in the glycogen body,
      together with the absence of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in that tissue,
      suggest that the direct oxidative pathway (pentose phosphate cycle) of glucose
      metabolism is a functionally significant route for glycogen utilization in the
      glycogen body. It is hypothesized that the glycogen body is metabolically linked
      to lipid synthesis and myelin formation in the central nervous system of the
      avian embryo.

PMID- 170358
TI  - Differential stimulation of murine lymphoma growth in vitro by normal and BCG
      activated macrophages.
AB  - Peritoneal macrophages from mice infected with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and
      from normal mice were examined for their effects in vitro on thymidine uptake by
      10 murine lymphomas, a murine fibroblast line, and a guinea pig hepatoma. Only
      the murine fibroblast line showed growth inhibition in the presence of BCG
      macrophages. For the majority of tumors, normal macrophages were profoundly
      stimulatory to tumor cell DNA synthesis, while BCG macrophages were much less
      stimulatory, without being frankly inhibitory. The effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on
      tumor cell growth was also studied. All lymphomas stimulated to grow more rapidly
      in vitro by normal macrophages were stimulated to a similar degree by 2
      mercaptoethanol.

PMID- 170360
TI  - A cellulose acetate membrane technique for the determination of adenylate kinase
      types in bloodstains.

PMID- 170361
TI  - Enzymatic characterization of soil evidence.

PMID- 170362
TI  - The synthesis of beta-galactosidase by constitutive and other regulatory mutants
      of Escherichia coli in chemostat culture.
AB  - The synthesis of beta-galactosidase by an E. coli constitutive mutant was
      examined in a chemostat using glucose-, glycerol-, succinate- or N-limited growth
      media. Except for glucose-grown bacteria, the steady-state intracellular level of
      beta-galactosidase was maximal at dilution rates between 0-2 and 0-3 h-1. At
      higher dilution rates enzyme synthesis was reduced by catabolite repression,
      which could be relieved by the addition of cyclic AMP. With a catabolite
      resistant mutant (UV5c), no decrease in enzyme level at high dilution rates were
      observed. All mutants examined were constitutive and gave decreased enzyme levels
      at low dilution rates, with the exception of lac-/F'lac UV5c mutants where the
      enzyme levels rose at low dilution rates. Hyper-producing mutants were isolated
      but were unstable. A constitutive mutant growing on glycerol-limited media was
      considered the most suitable for large-scale production of beta-galactosidase in
      a chemostat.

PMID- 170363
TI  - Enzymic activity of purified plasma membranes from the yeast and mycelial forms
      of Candida albicans.
AB  - Plasma membranes were isolated from the yeast and mycelial forms of Candida
      albicans as described previously (Marriott, 1975) and examined for the presence
      of several enzymes. Measurement of specific activities showed enrichment of Mg2+
      dependent and Ma+/K+-stimulated Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase and
      mannan synthetase, in the plasma membrane fractions from both morphological forms
      of the organism. However, acid and alkaline phosphatase, NADH oxidase and 5'
      nucleotidase showed no such specific location.

PMID- 170364
TI  - Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium responding to cysteine or methionine: their
      nature and possible role in the regulation of cysteine biosynthesis.
AB  - Nineteen mutants of Salmonella typhimurium responding to either cysteine or
      methionine (cym) have been identified amongst cysteine (cys) and methionine (met)
      auxotrophs. Their growth responses to known intermediates in the related pathways
      of cysteine and methionine biosynthesis and complementation patterns in abortive
      transduction tests divided the mutants into six groups. Results of conjugation,
      cotransduction and deletion mapping experiments substantiated these groups, each
      of which carried a lesion within known cys genes. Enzyme assays on cym mutants
      from five of the six groups confirmed their cys gene deficiencies. Growth
      response and enzyme assay data were not consistent with mutants being leaky cys
      mutants (spared by methionine). None of eight cym mutants tested were able to
      convert [35S]methionine into [35S]cysteine. Selenate specifically inhibits the
      early enzymes of cysteine synthesis. In cym mutants this inhibition was relieved
      by cysteine but not by methionine, indicating that cym mutants require active cys
      enzymes for growth on methionine. There was evidence that methionine stimulated
      in vivo activity of cys enzymes in a cym mutant. Resistance to inhibition by
      1,2,4-triazole results in reduced levels of the O-acetyl serine sulphydrylase. In
      cym mutants triazole resistance gave unstable suppression of the cym phenotype.
      Cym mutants may result from mutation in regulatory regions common to each of the
      cys genes, with the precise role of methionine as yet unknown.

PMID- 170365
TI  - Catabolite repression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa amidase: the effect of carbon
      source on amidase synthesis.
AB  - Synthesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa aliphatic amidase was repressed severely
      by succinate and malate and less severely by glucose, acetate or lactate. Amidase
      synthesis in inducible and constitutive strains was stimulated by cyclic AMP,
      which also gave partial relief to catabolite repression produced by the addition
      of lactate to cultures growing in pyruvate medium. Mutants which were resistant
      to catabolite repression were isolated from succinate+lactamide medium.

PMID- 170366
TI  - Catabolite repression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa amidase: isolation of promotor
      mutants.
AB  - Among mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from fluoroacetamide medium were
      some which synthesized amidase at about 5% of the rate of the parent constitutive
      strain, PAC101. Seven fluoroacetamide-resistant mutants with low amidase activity
      gave rise to secondary mutant strains on succinate+butyramide plates. One
      appeared to be an 'up-promotor' mutant and synthesized amidase at a high rate.
      This mutant, PAC433, was not stimulated by cyclic-AMP and was much less sensitive
      to catabolite repression by succinate. The mutation conferring resistance to
      catabolite repression was cotransduced at a frequency of 96% (26/27) with the
      amidase genes amiR, amiE. Five other revertants had catabolite repression
      resistance mutations which were linked to the amidase genes and these also were
      probably promotor mutants. One strain had a mutation conferring resistance to
      catabolite repression which was unlinked to the amidase genes.

PMID- 170367
TI  - Differential induction of tumour antigens by transformation-defective virus
      mutants.
AB  - Normal rat kidney cells infected by a variety of transformation-defective
      temperature-sensitive avian leukosis sarcoma virus mutants were tested for the
      expression of transformation characteristics at permissive and restrictive
      temperature. Morphology, growth behaviour and agglutinability by concanavalin A
      corresponded fully to the phenotype of the infected cells: at permissive
      temperature the cells resembled wild type virus transformed cells, whereas when
      grown under restrictive conditions they became virtually indistinguishable from
      normal cells. The quantitative expression of allo- or xenogeneic cell surface
      antigens was not significantly affected by the phenotype of the cells. Two out of
      the five tested mutants induced tumour antigens in the expected temperature
      dependent manner, whereas the other three mutants were able to induce tumour
      specific cell surface antigens even in the revertant cells cultured at the
      restrictive temperature. These findings extend previous results about tumour
      antigen induction in mutant-infected cells of the natural host, the chicken
      embryo fibroblasts. The value of transformation-defective tumour antigen-positive
      mutants for vaccination purposes will be discussed.

PMID- 170368
TI  - Clonal variation of the mouse cells in the endogenous C-type virus induction by 5
      iodo-2'-deoxyuridine.
AB  - Using an MLg cell line originating from a single newborn ddY mouse, N-tropic C
      type virus able to infect the cells or origin was induced by 5-iodo-2'
      deoxyuridine (IUdR). All the clones isolated from the MLg cell line released the
      virus after IUdR-treatment. There was more than a 100-fold difference in the
      virus inducibility between the highly and lowly inducible clones. The [125I]IUdR
      incorporation was, however, the same for the both types of clones. When the
      induced virus was titrat-d in the S+L-C182 cells, the XC plaque titre was about
      tenfold higher than murine sarcoma virus rescue focus titre.

PMID- 170369
TI  - Derivation of mouse sarcoma virus (Kirsten) by acquisition of genes from
      heterologous host.
AB  - The technique of virus RNA-cellular DNA hybridization in solution with DNA excess
      was used to compared the nucleotide sequences of the 70 S RNA genome of the
      Kirsten mouse sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV) with that of mouse erythroblastosis virus
      (MEV) which gave rise to Ki-MSV after in vivo propagation in rat. It is suggested
      that a loss of about 30% of the genomic sequences of MEV with a concomitant gain
      of roughly equal amounts of rat-specific sequences in a genetically stable
      recombinant state led to the formation of Ki-MSV.

PMID- 170370
TI  - Sensitivity of the Epstein-Barr virus transformed human lymphoid cell lines to
      interferon.
AB  - The effect of interferon on expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early gene
      functions was investigated. The 'early antigen' synthesis which follows either
      EBV superinfection of established lymphoid cell lines or 5'-iododeoxyuridine
      activation of the intrinsic EBV genomes harboured by these cells could be
      suppressed with interferon. In contrast, the spontaneous early antigen expression
      that occurs in a few per cent of the cells in the producer cell lines could not
      be blocked with interferon. The lymphoid cell lines tested differed in their
      ability to acquire an antiviral state after exposure to interferon. Several cell
      lines were also growth inhibited by the interferon preparations. The antiviral
      and growth inhibitory activities of different interferon preparations could not
      be separated by a number of criteria.

PMID- 170371
TI  - Spontaneous interferon production and Epstein-Barr virus antigen expression in
      human lymphoid cell lines.
AB  - Established human lymphoid cell lines, many of which spontaneously produce
      interferon, differ in the efficiency by which they allow expression of Epstein
      Barr virus (EBV) lytic functions. Six EBV carrying lymphoid cell lines, selected
      to either be extremely susceptible or very refractory to EBV superinfection, were
      tested for spontaneous interferon production. Only the three cell lines which
      were poorly superinfectable with EBV were found to produce interferon. These same
      three lines could not be induced to express EBV-specific early antigens from
      intrinsic EBV genomes. It is suggested that interferon acts as a negative control
      factor affecting a cell's susceptibility to EBV.

PMID- 170372
TI  - Presence of chicken cell surface antigen on Rous virus activated in heterokaryons
      of transformed non-permissive hamster cells and chicken cells.
AB  - Incubation with antiserum to chick embryo (CE) cells, in the presence of
      complement, inactivates Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) produced by heterokaryons formed
      by non-permissive RSV-transformed hamster cells and CE cells as well as RSV
      produced by heterokaryons is observed following incubation with antiserum to the
      transformed hamster cells, plus complement. Hence, the envelope of RSV activated
      in heterokaryons, as that of RSV produced by CE cells, must contain a surface
      antigen of the CE cell, and the virus must mature only, or preferentially, at
      chicken-specific sites of the heterokaryon surface.

PMID- 170373
TI  - Analysis of defective SV40 DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The SV40 DNA that was generated by undiluted passaging of the virus was analysed
      by agarose gel electrophoresis. Nine bands of virus DNA were distinguished and
      each band contained a specific size class of DNA, all shorter than the complete
      SV40 genome as was determined by electron microscopy measurements. A difference
      of 2% in length, about 100 base pairs, resulted in a clear band splitting. Two
      sets of undiluted passaging were established and the defective DNA in the two
      sets had both different and similar size classes varying in length from 96% to
      73% of the unit length SV40 DNA.

PMID- 170374
TI  - The synthesis of polyadenylated messenger RNA in herpes simplex type I virus
      infected BHK cells.
AB  - The pattern of polyadenylated messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis in BHK cell
      monolayers, infected under defined conditions with herpes simplex type I virus
      has been investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or pulse-labelled RNA
      isolated by oligo dT-cellulose chromatography. Two classes of mRNA molecules were
      synthesized in infected cells; these were not detected in uninfected cells. The
      rate of synthesis of the larger, 18 to 30S RNA class reached a maximum soon after
      injection and then declined, whereas the rate of synthesis of the 7 to 11 S RNA
      class did not reach a maximum until much later and did not decline. In the
      presence of cytosine arabinoside, the rate of mRNA synthesis in infected cells
      was reduced but the electrophoretic pattern remained the same.

PMID- 170375
TI  - The effects of concanavalin A on the early events of infection by rhinovirus type
      2 and poliovirus type 2.
AB  - The effect of concanavalin A (Con A) on the course of early infection of HeLa
      cells with purified radioactive human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV-2) or poliovirus
      type 2 (P-2) has been examined. Several early steps in infection were inhibited
      before the uncoating of parental virus. Con A, at 100 mug/ml, reduces attachment
      of virus when added to cells before infection. Con A also detectably slows the
      normal progression of adsorbed virus to tightly bound forms characterized, in the
      case of HRV-2, by resistance to elution by EDTA, or in a case of P-2, by
      isolation of a characteristic virus-membrane complex. When Con A is added
      together with either virus, it also inhibits cell-mediated eclipse of infectivity
      and the formation of non-infective subviral particles.

PMID- 170376
TI  - Acute and recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus in the mouse: a model for
      studying latency and recurrent disease.
AB  - Nineteen recent isolated and three laboratory strains of herpes simplex virus
      types 1 and 2 were tested for their ability to produce clinical signs in mice
      following intradermal inoculation in the ear. All viruses produced erythema at
      the inoculation site; this was the most sensitive clinical sign of infection.
      Virus multiplication in the ear tissue was similar for both types 1 and 2 up to
      the fifth day after inoculation but type 2 viruses persisted for longer. Latent
      infection was demonstrated in cervical dorsal root ganglia. Type 1 viruses
      required a much higher dose than type 2 to produce neurological signs and death
      after intradermal inoculation but the difference was less after intracerebral
      inoculation. Erythema of the inoculated ear recurred sporadically during several
      months observation in about half the mice that survived intradermal infection
      with a selected type 1 isolate. The presence of virus in the ear tissue during
      such recurrences was confirmed by electron microscopy and isolation of infectious
      virus. The system of ear infection in the mouse is presented as a new model for
      studying neurovirulence, and latent and recurrent infection with herpes simplex
      virus.

PMID- 170377
TI  - Cyclic AMP potentiation of interferon antiviral activity and effect of interferon
      on cellular cyclic AMP levels.
AB  - Treatment of L cells with 3 to 10 mM 3':5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
      in the presence of interferon was found to potentiate the development of
      antiviral activity. The dose response of interferon activity at various time
      periods in the presence and absence of cAMP indicated that potentiation of
      interferon activity by cAMP occurred at an early stage in the development of
      antiviral activity. Among the analogues of cAMP tested for interferon
      potentiating activity, only the acylated derivatives were found to be active.
      Combined L-epinephrine and theophylline treatment of cells elevated cellular cAMP
      levels and also potentiated interferon-mediated antiviral activity. Interferon
      was also found to elevate cAMP levels in L cells. This activity was limited to
      biologically active interferon and antagonized the depression of cAMP associated
      with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection of L cells. These observations
      suggest that some aspects of interferon's biological activity is associated with
      an alteration in cellular levels of cAMP.

PMID- 170378
TI  - Haemagglutination by avian infectious bronchitis virus-a coronavirus.
AB  - The haemagglutinating ability of three strains of IBV was investigated. It was
      shown that whereas strain Beaudette had no detectable haemagglutinin, both
      Connecticut and Massachusetts agglutinated red cells of various species. The
      haemagglutinin of Connecticut was detectable after sucrose gradient purification
      whereas that of Massachusetts required both the purification step and incubation
      with the enzyme phospholipase C to reveal it. The agglutination could be
      inhibited by specific antisera. Some studies on the nature of the red cell
      receptor, and the possible presence of a receptor destroying enzyme, are
      reported.

PMID- 170380
TI  - Time-dependent image quality using 99mTc-pyrophosphate.
AB  - Technetium-99m-labeled pyrophosphate has proved to be a useful skeletal-imaging
      agent. In this study, specific areas of the skeleton were imaged at times ranging
      from 1/2 to 6 1/2 hr after injection of 99mTc-pyrophosphate. Count ratios between
      abnormal and normal bone with respect to adjacent soft tissue were obtained for
      selected regions of interest on computer-stored scintillation camera images. The
      results show that image quality improves most rapidly from 1/2 to 2 hr, but
      further modest gain in quality does occur on views recorded between 2 and 6 hr.
      All lesions detected on the later images were also observed on the early ones and
      the ratios of uptake between abnormal and normal bone from computer-processed
      scintillation camera images did not change appreciably with time after the 1/2-hr
      images. Our results confirm the clinical impression that overall image quality is
      better on views obtained at least 3 hr after injection. Further delays in imaging
      beyond 3-4 hr after injection probably will not result in any appreciable gain in
      diagnostic accuracy.

PMID- 170379
TI  - Inhibition of human cytomegalovirus by rifampin.
AB  - Replication of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was inhibited by 50 mug/ml of
      rifampin. Nevertheless, a number of functions of CMV were still expressed in the
      presence of rifampin, including early cell rounding, and the development of
      immuno-fluorescent antigen, haemadsorption antigen, complement-fixing antigen and
      precipitin antigens. If rifampin was kept in the culture medium for longer than
      48 h, infectious virus was not synthesized, but removal of rifampin resulted in
      restoration of virus titre within 24 h. In parallel with the restoration of
      infectivity, removal of the drug resulted in a sharp increase in macromolecular
      synthesis, first RNA and then virus DNA. The results suggest that rifampin blocks
      a stage in the production of m-RNA species.

PMID- 170381
TI  - Effect of large doses of 131I-19-iodocholesterol on metapyralone-induced adrenal
      cortical hyperplasia in dogs.
AB  - The potential use of 131I-19-iodocholesterol to treat ACTH excess Cushing's
      disease was evaluated in the dog. Three normal female dogs were given LD50
      radiation doses of 131I-19-iodocholesterol without producing gross or
      histopathologically demonstrable change of the adrenals at autopsy 3 months
      later. The adrenal cortices of three dogs were made hyperplastic (to simulate the
      adrenal cortex in Cushing's disease) with ACTH and three with Metapyralone. In
      addition these six dogs were given KD50 doses of 131I-19-iodocholesterol. Three
      months after treatment, the adrenal glands of the ACTH-treated dogs were not
      enlarged, the cortex was thicker than normal, and there were no changes
      attributable to irradiation. At 3 months, the Metapyralone-treated dogs had
      enlarged adrenals, widening of the adrenal cortex, and no necrosis or other
      changes attributable to irradiation. It is concluded that a therapeutic trial of
      131I-19-iodocholesterol in the treatment of Cushing's disease is not indicated.

PMID- 170382
TI  - Myocardial localization of 99mTc-pyrophosphate without evidence of acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Localization of 99mTc-pyrophosphate in the cardiac region during routine bone
      scanning for metastatic tumor is discussed in two cases. Clinical information as
      well as electrocardiographic and serum enzyme studies did not reveal any evidence
      of acute myocardial injury. The cause of myocardial localization of the
      radiopharmaceutical is not clear in these cases.

PMID- 170383
TI  - Letter: Bone-scanning agents: distribution and scanning time.

PMID- 170384
TI  - Phagocytic capability of the kidney: a possible mechanism for renal uptake of
      colloid in liver-spleen scanning.
AB  - Guinea pigs were given Trypan blue or India ink i.v. and i.m. to demonstrate
      whether proximal convoluted tubule cells of the normal kidney have potential
      phagocytic capability. Circulating colloidal particles of Trypan blue solution
      accumulated in these cells and the accumulation was related to the particle size,
      dose injection, and duration of experiment. These studies suggest an explanation
      for the clinical observation of renal visualization with 99mTc-sulfur colloid in
      patients with congestive heart failure.

PMID- 170385
TI  - Technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate--a superior agent for skeletal imaging:
      comparison with other technetium complexes.
AB  - Methylene diphosphonate (MDP) was formulated as a complex of 99mTc for skeletal
      imaging. This agent was compared with three other bone-seeking technetium agents:
      ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP), pyrophosphate, and polyphosphate. In
      tissue radioassay experiments in rodents, the technetium complexes of MDP and
      EHDP were similar, but skeletal concentration with both of these agents was
      higher than that with pyrophosphate or polyphosphate. The total-body retention of
      MDP and EHDP complexed with 95mTc was studied in beagle dogs for 35 days by
      excretion measurements and total-body counting and compared with polyphosphate
      and pertechnetate. The long-term retention was greater for MDP. The 5-day
      cumulative fecal excretion of 95mTc was low when administered as EHDP or
      polyphosphate complexes and negligible when administered as MDP complex. In six
      human volunteers the blood clearance of 99mTc-mdp was similar to that of 18F and
      significantly faster than that of 99mTc-EHDP. Pyrophosphate cleared from the
      blood much faster than polyphosphate but slower than the diphosphonates. The
      urinary excretion of the MDP complex was greater than for EHDP within the first 2
      3 hr after injection. The 24-hr urinary excretion of pyrophosphate and
      polyphosphate complexes was not as complete as for the diphosphonates. All four
      99mTc complexes proved satisfactory for clinical imaging studies. The MDP complex
      produced images of superior quality as early as 2 hr after administration,
      attributable to its more rapid clearance from the blood and soft tissues. On the
      contrary, a longer interval of 3-4 hr after injection was usually needed for
      99mTc-EHDP; pyrophosphate and polyphosphate complexes regularly required a
      waiting period of 4 hr. Comparitive radiation dose estimates were made based on
      the available biologic distribution data for these 99mTc skeletal-localizing
      agents.

PMID- 170386
TI  - Tissue distribution of 14C-, 125I-, and 131I-diphenylhydantoin in the toadfish,
      rat, and human with insulinomas.
AB  - Carbon-14-diphenylhydantoin (DPH) concentrated maximally in pancreatic islet
      cells of the toadfish 10 min after its intravenous administration. The islet cell
      to-acinar-tissue ratio at this time was 6:1. The islet cell-to-liver ratio was
      20:1. Iodine-125-paroiodo-DPH at 10 min in the toadfish showed an islet cell-to
      acinar-tissue ratio of 1.7:1 and an islet cell-to-liver ratio of 2.3:1. When 14C
      DPH was given to four patients 10-17 min before removal of norma pancreatic
      tissue and of an insulinoma in three of the patients, the concentration of
      radioactivity in the insulinoma was never greater than in the pancreas and
      concentrations in insulinoma and pancreas were always less than in liver in the
      same individual. Forty-five to 90 min after administration of 131I-DPH, the liver
      and pancreas were delineated in three patients but the insulinoma was not imaged.
      Five days after administration of 131I-DPH, the concentration of 131I
      radioactivity in excised tissue was greater in the insulinomas than in the
      pancreas of two patient but not sufficient to produce positive images of the
      insulinoma in the pancreas.

PMID- 170387
TI  - Macrocephaly in association with unusual cutaneous angiomatosis.
AB  - Ten patients are presented who demonstrate a newly recognized association of
      macrocephaly with unusual angiomatosis and limb asymmetry in three somewhat
      similar cutaneous vascular disorders: Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, the
      combination of Sturge-Weber anomaly with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, and
      cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. The etiology of the macrocephaly in
      patients with these conditions is unknown. The majority (seven of ten) of these
      children have no evidence of central nervous system dysfunction.

PMID- 170388
TI  - Leukemia in children with Wilms tumor.

PMID- 170389
TI  - Sexual maturation in subjects with sickle cell anemia: studies of serum
      gonadotropin concentration, height, weight, and skeletal age.
AB  - Luteinizing hormone and FSH concentrations were determined in sera obtained from
      20 males and 20 females, ages 5 to 16 years, with sickle cell anemia (homozygous
      hemoglobin S). Height, weight, bone age, and stage of sexual development were
      also determined. Gonadotropin concentrations were increased for stage of sexual
      development, suggesting transient impairment of gonadal function during the first
      decade of life. Increased impairment of growth during the second decade of life
      (18 of 26 subjects, 69%) as compared to the first decade (4 of 14 subjects, 29%)
      was consistent with prior deficiency of gonadal secretion of steroids. Mean bone
      age (11.2 +/- 2.1 year) determined in 15 subjects was significantly less than the
      mean chronologic age (13.0 +/- 1.8 year). Significant additional data,
      particularly those which would be derived from a longitudinal study, are needed
      to validate the preliminary hypothesis that transient impairment in gonadal
      function may, in part, account for the variation in sexual maturation seen in
      subjects with sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 170390
TI  - Letter: Delayed skeletal maturation in sickle cell trait.

PMID- 170391
TI  - Letter: Cytomegalovirus and lymphoma in a pediatric transplant recipient.

PMID- 170392
TI  - Editorial: Leukemia in survivors of Wilms tumor.

PMID- 170393
TI  - Biochemical and cytochemical studies of digestive-absorptive functions of
      esophagus, cecum, and tequment in Schistosoma mansioni: acid phosphatase and
      tracer studies.
AB  - Acid phosphatase activity was examined, both cytochemically and biochemically,
      using beta-glycerophosphate (betaGP) and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (NPP) as
      substrates. The hydrolysis of these substrates differs in pH optimum and
      sensitivity to some inhibitors. A latent component of the enzyme activity could
      be demonstrated with betaGP but not with NPP as substrate. These differences
      suggest the presence of multiple enzymes operative at acid pH in S. mansoni.
      Cytochemical localization of the sites of hydrolysis of these substrates shows
      the major activity of the digestive system to be in the posterior portion of the
      esophagus and in the cecum. The reaction product in the posterior esophagus is
      found in small dumbbell-shaped vesicles and in the basal infoldings, while in the
      cecum it occurs on the apical plasmalemma, basal infoldings, and in pleiomorphic
      vesicles. The electron-dense tracers, ferritin, peroxidase, Thorotrast, and latex
      beads were all ingested but none was phagocytized. Tracer material was found in
      some "apparent" vesicles with subsequently were shown by the lanthanum staining
      technique to be in communication with the extracellular space.

PMID- 170395
TI  - C-type virus-like particles in a non-proliferating Sparganum of human host
      origin.

PMID- 170394
TI  - Relation of tegumentary phosphohydrolase to purine and pyrimidine transport in
      Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Inhibition of the saturable influx of 0.05 mM 14C-labeled adenine or adenosine by
      AMP in adult Schistosoma mansoni in vitro suggested hydrolysis of this nucleotide
      at the tegumental surface of the parasite. Adenosine liberated as a result of AMP
      hydrolysis was the inhibitor of uptake of labeled adenine or adenosine.
      Inhibition of adenosine uptake by AMP or ATP was relieved by paranitrophenyl
      phosphate or ammonium molybdate supporting the hypothesis of nucleotide
      hydrolysis at the tengumental surface. Addition of glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6
      phosphate, NaF, or cysteine did not relieve AMP inhibition of adenosine uptake
      indicating substrate and inhibitor specificity for the surface enzyme(s). AMP,
      ATP, UMP, and p-nitrophenyl are hydrolyzed, at least in part, by the same
      enzyme(s). Apparent absorption of labeled AMP was preceded by hydrolysis, with
      labeled adenosine as the actual compound absorbed, although there was a small
      diffusion component for absorption of intact AMP. The site of nucleotide
      hydrolysis in close proximity to absorption sites provides a kinetic advantage
      for uptake of products of adenine nucleotide hydrolysis but not for products of
      uracil nucleotide hydrolysis.

PMID- 170396
TI  - The effects of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and other adenine nucleotides
      on body temperature.
AB  - 1. Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), its dibutyryl derivative (Db-cAMP) and
      other adenine nucleotides have been micro-injected into the hypothalamic region
      of the unanaesthetized cat and the effects on body temperature, and on
      behavioural and autonomic thermoregulatory activities observed. 2. Db-cAMP and
      cAMP both produced hypothermia when applied to the pre-optic anterior
      hypothalamus. With Db-cAMP the hypothermia was shown to be dose dependent between
      50 and 500 mug (0-096-0-96 mumole). 3. AMP, ADP and ATP also produced hypothermia
      when injected into the pre-optic anterior hypothalamus. 4. The order of relative
      potencies of the adenine nucleotides with respect both to the hypothermia
      produced and to the autonomic thermoregulatory effects observed were similar. Db
      cAMP was most potent and cAMP least. 5. Micro-injection into the pre-optic
      anterior hypothalamus of many substances including saline produced in most cats a
      non-specific rise in body temperature apparently the result of tissue damage.
      Intraperitoneal injection of 4-acetamidophenol (paracetamol 50 mg/kg) reduced or
      abolished this febrile response. 6. The hypothermic effect of the adenine
      nucleotides has been compared with the effects produced in these same cats by
      micro-injections of noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, a mixture of
      acetylcholine and physostigmine (1:1), EDTA and excess Ca2+ ions. 7. It is
      concluded that as Db-cAMP and cAMP both produce hypothermia, it is unlikely that
      endogenous cAMP in the pre-optic anterior hypothalamus mediates the hyperthermic
      responses to pyrogens and prostaglandins.

PMID- 170397
TI  - Effects of chronic treatment with various neuromuscular blocking agents on the
      number and distribution of acetylcholine receptors in the rat diaphragm.
AB  - 1. Acetylcholine receptors in the end-plate and non-end-plate areas of the rat
      diaphragm, after treating the animal with hemicholinium-3, alpha- or beta
      bungarotoxin in vivo, were studied by their specific binding of labelled alpha
      bungarotoxin. 2. Subcutaneous injection of maximum tolerable doses of
      hemicholinium-3 (50 mug/kg) twice daily for 7 days increased the number of
      extrajunctional receptors along the whole length of muscle fibre, the approximate
      density of receptor on muscle membrane being increased from 6/mum2 in normal
      diaphragm to 38/mum2. Junctional receptors were also increased in number from 2-2
      x 10(7) to 2-8 x 10(7) per end-plate. 3. Five days after denervation, there were
      approximately 153/mum2 extrajunctional receptors and the number of receptors on
      the end-plate was increased by 220%. 4. Intrathoracic injection of beta
      bungarotoxin (50 mug/kg) also increased the density of extrajunctional receptors
      to approximately 104/mum2, and the number of end-plate receptors by 140% in 5
      days. The neuromuscular block was extensive and prolonged. 5. [3H]Diacetyl alpha
      bungarotoxin (150 mug/kg) injected into thoracic cavity caused complete
      neuromuscular blockade for 12 hr. At 24 hr, the synaptic transmission was
      restored in 80% of the junctions with less than 10% end-plate receptors freed,
      whereas the safety factor for transmission in normal diaphragm was 3-5.
      Extrajunctional receptors appeared to increase within 24 hr. This increase
      continued despite the restoration of neuromuscular transmission, and the receptor
      density at 5 days was approximately 5l/mum2. The number of junctional receptors,
      however, was not increased. Repeated injection of the toxin gave the same result.
      6. It is concluded that the numbers of junctional and extrajunctional
      acetylcholine receptors are regulated in different ways, and the possible role of
      acetylcholine is discussed.

PMID- 170398
TI  - Proceedings: Functional denervation of skeletal muscle in the mouse after the
      local injection of a post-synaptic blocking fraction of Naja siamensis venom.

PMID- 170399
TI  - The site of fatigue in sustained maximal contractions of the quadriceps muscle.

PMID- 170400
TI  - Effect of adrenal hormones on thyroid secretion and thyroid hormones on adrenal
      secretion in the sheep.
AB  - 1. Previous work has shown that after stressful stimuli, sheep initially secrete
      increased amounts of thyroid hormone, at a time when adrenal secretion is also
      elevated. 2. This study was designed to evaluate (a) any short-term activation or
      inhibition of thyroid secretion by exogenous cortisol or ACTH administered in
      quantities comparable to those secreted after stress in sheep and (b) any short
      term effect that exogenous thyroxine or triiodothyronine may have on the
      concentration of plasma cortisol in the sheep. 3. Thyroid activity was measured
      by determination of plasma protein bound 125I (PB125I) and total 125I in thyroid
      vein and mixed venous (jugular) blood. Plasma cortisol and thyroxine
      concentrations were measured by a competitive protein-binding assay at intervals
      for up to 5 hr after commencement of the experiment. 4. No evidence of an
      activation of thyroid secretion was found during cortisol or ACTH infusion, as
      monitored by thyroid vein PB125I. Similarly there was no evidence of any
      inhibition of thyroid function, as measured by continued secretion of thyroid
      hormones into thyroid vein blood. 5. No effect on plasma cortisol concentration
      due to thyroid hormone treatment was observed. 6. It was concluded that (a)
      elevated circulating corticosteroids in physiological concentrations have no
      short-term effects on thyroid activity in the sheep and (b) the short-term
      alterations in thyroid and adrenal cortical secretion observed during stress in
      the sheep could not be attributed to direct interaction of elevated thyroid
      hormone concentrations with adrenal cortical secretion.

PMID- 170401
TI  - [Comparative studies of the cyclic AMP content and renewal of this nucleotide in
      thymic, splenic and lymph-node lymphocytes in adult rats].
AB  - Cyclic AMP (c-AMP) content and turnover were measured in pure preparations of
      lymphocytes obtained from thymus, spleen and lymph nodes in the Rat. The c-AMP
      content was determined by combining the methods of Krishna and of Thomson and
      Appleman, and its turnover was estimated from the activities of adenylcyclase and
      phosphodiesterase using 3H-adenine. The values, espressed per 10(8) cells, were
      the lowest for the thymus and the highest for the lymph nodes, while they were
      intermediary for the spleen. The differences in the c-AMP turnover between the
      three organs may be correlated with the extent of the mitotic activity of the
      corresponding lymphocytes, this activity being related inversely to the turnover
      of c-AMP.

PMID- 170402
TI  - Sarcoma of the breast (report of 5 cases).

PMID- 170403
TI  - Hypo-beta-lipoproteinemic agents. 1. Bicyclo[2.2.2]octyloxyaniline and its
      derivatives.
AB  - A new assay for agents which normalize beta-lipoproteins in cholesterol-cholic
      acid fed rats is described. Both lowering of serum cholesterol and of serum
      heparin precipitable lipoproteins (HPL) were measured at the end of the treatment
      period. Compounds which shifted the ratio of the decrease in favor of HPL are
      considered hypo-beta-lipoproteinemic. p-(1-Bicyclo[2.2.2]octyloxy)aniline and
      several of its derivatives proved active in this assay. The synthesis of these
      compounds is described.

PMID- 170404
TI  - 17alpha-Ethyl-20alpha-and -20beta-dihydroprogesterones and other 17alpha-ethyl
      substituted pregnanes as potential contragestational agents.
AB  - The 17alpha-ethyl-substituted analogs of the two epimeric 20
      dihydroprogesterones, allopregnadedione and pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione, were
      synthesized and evaluated for their possible oral contragestational (postcoital
      antifertility) activity in the rat. The compounds, though bound strongly to the
      progesterone receptor in vitro, were inactive preimplantively at 10 mg/kg and
      postimplantively at 40 mg/kg in vivo.

PMID- 170405
TI  - Mercurial perturbation of brush border membrane permeability in rabbit ileum.
AB  - The sulfhydryl reagents Hg++ and p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS) at
      millimolar concentrations reduced the mucosal entry of sugars and amino acids to
      80-90% of control levels within several minutes. Based on 50% levels of
      inhibition, Hg++ proved to be 20 and 10 times as potent as PCMBS in blocking
      sugar and amino acid transport, respectively; both systems were equally sensitive
      to Hg++. Concomitant measurements of 203Hg-PCMBS demonstrated a progressive
      tissue uptake, which, unlike inhibition, did not saturate with increasing times
      of exposure, thus suggesting appreciable epithelial entry with prolonged
      exposures (less than 30 min at 1 mM). At similar dose levels, no significant
      change in mucosal Na+ entry was detected. Inhibition was not reversed by 30-min
      washes in cholinesalt solutions; however, 10-min exposures to dithiothreitol [10
      mM] reversed Hg++ and PCMBS inhibition by 40 and 100%, respectively. Alanine and
      galactose influx kinetics measured at concentrations of 0-100 mM exhibited a
      linear or diffusional entry component in addition to the usual saturable
      component for both control and Hg++-treated ileum. The presence of a diffusional
      term in the flux equation resulted in two sets of parameters giving nearly equal
      fits to these measurements. It was shown that this ambiguity could be resolved by
      determining the change in diffusional entry with Hg++ treatment. A 20-min
      exposure to 0.5 mM Hg++ caused an increase from 0.050 and 0.045 to 0.064 and
      0.070 cm/hr in the coefficient of diffusional entry for alanine and galactose,
      respectively. On the basis of this increase, it is argued that Hg++ causes a
      decrease in Jmax and little change in Km for both transport mechanisms. This
      analysis has a general bearing on kinetic measurements of transport in which
      passive fluxes are comparable to those mediated by specific pathways. The alanine
      results are consistent with bimolecular reactions between mercurial and two
      membrane inhibitory sites, each producing approximately 40% reduction in membrane
      translocation rate. The estimated reaction rate constants were 5.0 and 0.4 mM
      min.

PMID- 170407
TI  - Letter: The isolation and properties of the specific binding sites for
      Escherichia coli RNA polymerase on T4 and T7 bacteriophage DNAs.

PMID- 170406
TI  - The hydrosmotic effect of vasopressin: a scanning electrom-microscope study.
AB  - Scanning electron-microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the hydrosmotic effect
      of vasopressin on the apical surface of urinary bladders of toads Bufo marinus.
      Bladders were mounted on glass chambers and water fluxes were monitored with an
      optical method. Tissues were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and processed for SEM.
      Three types of cells were seen on the surface of control bladders:large polygonal
      (granular) cells, with blunt microvilli; smaller (mitochondria-rich) cells, with
      longer microvilli; goblet cells. Neither exposure of the bladders to a large
      osmotic gradient nor exposure to vasopressin in the absence of a gradient altered
      appreciably the epithelial surface. In contrast, the combination of vasopressin
      and an osmotic gradient resulted ina conspicuous diminution of the blunt
      microvilli. However, the small cells with longer microvilli remained unchanged.
      Identical results were seen with cAMP or theophylline in the presence of an
      osmotic gradient. These findings suggest that the hydrosmotic effect of
      vasopressin is mainly exerted on the granular cells of toad bladder and confirm
      observations made by others with the electron-microscope.

PMID- 170408
TI  - Generation of avian myeloblastosis virus structural proteins by proteolytic
      cleavage of a precursor polypeptide.

PMID- 170409
TI  - Non-specific termination of simian virus 40 DNA replication.

PMID- 170410
TI  - Comparative ultrastructural study of four reticuloendothelias viruses.
AB  - The morphology and development of four members of the reticuloendotheliosis virus
      group were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Virions of duck spleen
      necrosis virus, duck infectious anemia virus, chicken syncytial virus, and
      reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T are sperical with a diameter of
      approximately 110 nm. They are covered with surface projections about 6 nm long
      and 10 nm in diameter. The center-to-center distance of surface projections is
      about 14 nm. The budding virions contain crescent-shaped electron-dense cores 73
      nm in diameter with electron-lucent centers. After release of the virions the
      cores apparently become condensed to 67 nm in diameter. Virions were found
      budding at the plasma membrane and into smooth-walled, intracytoplasmic vesicles
      of productively infected cells. The distribution of budding reticuloendotheliosis
      viruses on cells appeared random over the cell surface, and occasionally aberrant
      multiple forms of budding virions were observed. The virions appear to resemble
      mammalian leukemia and sarcoma viruses more closely than avian leukosis-sarcoma
      viruses.

PMID- 170411
TI  - Mapping RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides of avian tumor virus RNAs: sarcoma
      specific oligonucleotides are near the poly(A) end and oligonucleotides common to
      sarcoma and transformation-defective viruses are at the poly(A) end.
AB  - The large RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides of the nondefective (nd) Rous
      sarcoma virus (RSV): Prague RSV of subgroup B (PR-B), PR-C and B77 of subgroup C;
      of their transformation-defective (td0 deletion mutants: td PR-B, td PR-C, and td
      B77; and of replication-defective (rd) RSV(-) were completely or partially mapped
      on the 30 to 40S viral RNAs. The location of a given oligonucleotide relative to
      the poly(A) terminus of the viral RNAs was directly deduced from the smallest
      size of the poly(A)-tagged RNA fragment from which it could be isolated.
      Identification of distinct oligonucleotides was based on their location in the
      electrophoretic/chromatographic fingerprint pattern and on analysis of their
      RNase A-resistant fragments. The following results were obtained. (i) The number
      of large oligonucleotides per poly(A)-tagged ffagment increased with increasing
      size of the fragment. This implies that the genetic map is linear and that a
      given RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides has, relative to the poly(A) end, the
      same location on all 30 to 40S RNA subunits of a given 60 to 70S viral RNA
      complex, (ii) Three sarcoma-specific oligonucleotides were identified in the RNAs
      of Pr-B, PR-C and B77 by comparison with the RNAs of the corresponding td
      viruses...

PMID- 170413
TI  - Sindbis virus inhibits phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in BHK-21 cells.
AB  - Sindbis virus inhibits the incorporation of [methyl-3H]choline into the
      phospholipids of BHK-21 cells and also inhibits the activity of the enzyme that
      catalyzes the final reaction involved in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis
      (cytidine diphosphate-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotranferase; EC
      2.7.8.2).

PMID- 170412
TI  - Detection of type A oncornavirus-like structures in chicken embryo cells after
      infection with Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - Electron microscopy examination of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo
      cells revealed membrane-free nucleoids resembling type A oncornavirus. These
      particles were not detected in noninfected cells, nor did they accumulate in
      excess under conditions of glucosamine block in virus-transformed cultures.

PMID- 170414
TI  - Poly(A) on mengovirus RNA.
AB  - The content and size of the poly(A) on Mengovirus RNA grown in both mouse L cells
      and HeLa cells have been examined. Virion RNA from either cell line could bind to
      poly(U) filters and contained RNase-resistant stretches of poly(A) which could be
      analyzed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The size of the poly(A) on
      the Mengovirus RNA was independent of the host cell and averaged from 50 to 70
      nucleotides.

PMID- 170415
TI  - Acquisition of viral DNA sequences in target organs of chickens infected with
      avian myeloblastosis virus.
AB  - The distribution of oncornavirus DNA sequences in various tissues of normal
      chickens and of chickens with leukemia or kidney tumors induced by avian
      myeloblastosis virus (AMV) was analyzed by DNA-RNA hybridization using 35S AMV
      RNA as a probe. All the tissues from normal chickens which were tested contained
      the same average cellular concentration of endogenous oncornavirus DNA. In
      contrast, different tissues from lekemic chickens and from chickens bearing
      kidney tumors contained different concentrations of AMV homologous DNA: in some
      tissues there was no increase whereas other tissues acquired additional AMV
      specific DNA sequences. The increase was the greatest in tissues which can become
      neoplastic after infection, such as myeloblasts, erythrocytes, and kidney cells.
      It was directly demonstrated that DNA from AMV-induced kidney tumor contains AMV
      sequences which are absent in DNA from normal cells. A similar finding had been
      previously obtained with leukemic cells (15). 3H-labeled 35S RNA from purified
      AMV was exhaustively hybridized with an excess of normal chicken DNA to remove
      all the viral RNA sequences which are complementary to DNA from uninfected cells.
      The 3H-labeled RNA which failed to hybridize was isolated by hydroxylapatite
      column chromatography which separates DNA-RNA hybrids from single-stranded RNA.
      The residual RNA hybridized to chicken kidney tumor DNA but did not rehybridize
      with normal chicken DNA.

PMID- 170416
TI  - Transformation of primary rat kidney cells by fragments of simian virus 40 DNA.
AB  - Linear simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA molecules of genome length and DNA fragments
      smaller than genome length when prepared with restriction endonucleases and
      tested for transforming activity on primary cultures of baby rat kidney cells.
      The linear molecules of genome length (prepared with endonucleases R-EcoRI, R
      BamHI, and R-HpaII or R-HapII), a 74% fragment (EcoRI/HpaII or HapII-A), and a
      59% fragment (BamHI/HapII-A) could all transform rat kidney cells with the same
      efficiency as circular SV40 DNA. All transformed lines tested contained the SV40
      specific T-antigen in 90 to 100% of the cells, which was taken as evidence that
      the transformation was SV40 specific. The DNA fragments with transforming
      activity contained the entire early region of SV40 DNA. Endo R-HpaI, which
      introduced one break in the early region, apparently inactivated the transforming
      capacity of SV40 DNA, since no transformation was observed with any of the three
      HpaI fragments tested. Attempts were made to rescue infectious virus from some of
      the transformed lines by fusion with permissive BSC-1 cells. Infectious virus was
      only recovered from the cells transformed by circular form I DNA. No infectious
      virus could be isolated from any of the other types of transformed cells.

PMID- 170417
TI  - Kinetics of murine type C virus-specific DNA synthesis newly infected cells.
AB  - Replicating transforming functions of Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) and the RLV
      pseudotype of Moloney sarcoma virus in mouse embryo fibroblasts were found to be
      most sensitive to inhibition by cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) 30 to 90 min after
      infection. The initiation of intracellular RLV DNA synthesis was detected by
      nucleic acid hybridization within this time interval. Treatment of infected cells
      with cytosine arabinoside abolished RLV DNA synthesis. Peak synthesis of the DNA
      complementary to the infecting RLV genome, the (-) strand, occurred 40 to 60 min
      after infection. During this interval two s two species of DNA were observed with
      estimated molecular weights of 0.5 X 10(5) to 1.0 X 10(5) and 3 X 10(6). Peak
      synthesis of the (+) strand viral DNA occurred 50 to 70 min after infection. The
      initial species detected had a molecular weight of 1.5 X 10(5) to 4.0 X 10(5)
      which shifted as a function of time to 3 X 10(6). Both (+) strand species were
      initially detected in the cytoplasm followed by a rapid (10-min interval)
      appearance of the faster-sedimenting species in the nucleus. The virus-specific (
      ) and (+) strand DNA species are presumably unintegrated intermediates in
      provirus formation.

PMID- 170418
TI  - Size of virus-specific RNA in B-34, a hamster tumor cell producing nucleic acids
      of type C viruses from three species.
AB  - B-34 is the designation of a hamster tumor-derived cell line induced by the
      Harvey sarcoma virus. This cell line produces virions which contain structural
      proteins common to edogenous hamster viruses and nucleic acid sequences of
      hamster, mouse, and rat origin. The sedimentation characteristics of the
      intracellular virus-specific RNA was determined in sucrose gradients after
      treatment with dimethylsulfoxide by molecular hybridization using complementary
      DNA of strict virus specificity. Hamster virus-specific RNA sedimented at 35S
      (major peak) as is characteristic of productive infection by type C leukemia
      viruses of other species. Rat virus-specific RNA sedimented at 30S which is
      characteristic of the sarcoma virus-related genome found in nonproducer cells
      transformed by Kirsten sarcoma virus. Both Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses
      contain a related but not necessarily identical 30S rat-specific component which
      is also found in normal cultured rat cells. Mouse cells producing Harvey sarcoma
      virus also contain a rat-specific 30S RNA. Mouse virus-derived sequences also
      sedimented at 30S in B-34 cells and in a similar size range in Harvey virus
      infected mouse cells. The possibility that the mouse and rat-derived sequences
      are present on a single 30S RNA species which would then be related to
      sarcomagenic potential is one attractive hypothesis suggested by these data.

PMID- 170419
TI  - Murine xenotropic type C viruses I. Distribution and further characterization of
      the virus in NZB mice.
AB  - The xenotropic mouse type C virus, originally detected in cultured embryo cells
      from New Zealand Black (NZB) mice, has been recovered from over 50 adult NZB
      animals and 15 NZB embryos. Its presence is best detected by measuring its
      ability to rescue a murine sarcoma virus (MSV) genome from a non-virus-producing
      MSV-transformed rat cell. The virus can serve as a helper for replication of MSV.
      It has a distinct type-specific coat and is a prototype for a third serotype of
      mouse type C viruses, NZB. The xenotropic virus may have an evolutionary role
      since it has a wide host range, including the ability to infect avian cells. It
      is produced spontaneously by all cells cultivated from NZB tissues and accounts
      for the high concentration of viral antigens associated with NZB tissues. The
      extent of virus production is similar in both male and female mice. All cell
      clones established from embryos also produce the virus. A variability in the
      intracellular regulation of virus replication is suggested since tissue cells
      from the same animal differ quantitatively in their ability to produce xenotropic
      viruses. Since enhanced spontaneous virus production is associated with cells
      from NZB mice, the virus may play a role in the autoimmune disease of this mouse
      strain.

PMID- 170420
TI  - Sulfated components of enveloped viruses.
AB  - The glycoproteins of several enveloped viruses, grown in a variety of cell types,
      are labeled with 35SO4(-2), whereas the nonglycosylated proteins are not. This
      was shown for the HN and F glycoproteins of SV5 and Sendai virus, the E1 and E2
      glycoproteins of Sindbis virus, and for the major glycoprotein, gp69, as well as
      for a minor glycoprotein, gp52, of Rauscher leukemia virus. The minor
      glycoprotein of Rauscher leukemia virus is more highly sulfated, with a ratio of
      35SO4- [3H]glucosamine about threefold greater than that of gp69. The G protein
      of vesicular stomatitis virus was labeled when virions were grown in the MDBK
      line of bovine kidney cells, although no significant incorporation of 35SO4(-2)
      into this protein was observed in virions grown in BHK21-F line of baby hamster
      kidney cells. In addition to the viral glycoproteins, sulfate was also
      incorporated into a heterogenous component with an electrophoretic mobility lower
      than that of any labeled with 35SO4(-2) and [3H]leucine, this component had a
      much greater 35S-3H ratio than any of the viral polypeptides and thus could not
      represent aggregated viral proteins. This material is believed to be a cell
      derived mucopolysaccharide and can be removed from virions by treatment with
      hyaluronidase without affecting the amount of sulfate present on the
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 170421
TI  - Simian virus 40 integration sites in the genome of virus-transformed mouse cells.
AB  - To gain information on the specificity of simian virus 40 (SV40) integration in
      the genome of transformed cells, mouse 3T3 cells were transformed by a
      temperature-sensitive (ts) SV40 mutant, using high multiplicity of infection
      (MOI). Transformed cells were superinfected with wild-type (wt) virus at high
      MOI. Clones were isolated and fused with permissive BSC-1 cells to promote virus
      rescue. All rescued viruses were of the ts type only. When the high-MOI
      transformants were infected with 3H-labeled wt SV40, the amount of radioactivity
      associated with their nuclear fraction was found to be similar to that of 3T3
      cells. 3T3 cells were then transformed by ts SV40 at low MOI and superinfected by
      wt virus at high MOI. Upon fusion with BSC-1 cells, most clones produced both ts
      and wt virus. These results suggest that the number of stable SV40 integration
      sites in the 3T3 genome is limited, since they can be saturated by transformation
      at high MOI. When the MOI is low, the sites are not saturated and a subsequent
      infection can lead to integration.

PMID- 170422
TI  - Morphogenesis of Sindbis virus in cultured Aedes albopictus cells.
AB  - Cultured mosquito cells were found to produce Sindbis virus nearly as efficiently
      as BHK-21 cells at 28 C. In virtually all of the cells observed in the electron
      microscope, virus morphogenesis was found to occur within complex vesicular
      structures which developed after viral infection. Viral nucleocapsids were first
      seen in these vesicles and appeared to be enveloped within these structures. The
      process of envelopment within these inclusions differed in some respects from the
      process previously described for the envelopment of nucleocapsids at the plasma
      membrane of vertebrae cells. Free nucleocapsids were only rarely seen in the
      cytoplasm of infected mosquito cells, and budding of virus from the cell surface
      was detected so infrequently that this process of virus production could not
      account for the amount of virus produced by the infected cells. The vast majority
      of extracellular virus was produced by the fusion of the virus-containing
      vesicles with the plasma membrane releasing mature virions and membrane
      nucleocapsid complexes in various stages of development.

PMID- 170423
TI  - Virion trascriptase activity differences in host range mutants of vesicular
      stomatitis virus.
AB  - Three types of conditional lethal mutant were isolated from wild-type vesicular
      stomatitis virus, New Jersey serotype, after mutagenization by 5-fluorouracil:
      (i) conventional temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants, which form plaques at 31 C
      but not at 39 C; (ii) conventional host range mutants (hr CE), which grow in BHK
      but not in secondary chicken embryo cells; and (iii) temperature-dependent host
      range mutants (td CE), which form plaques both at 31 and 39 C on BHK cells but
      only at 31 C on chicken embryo cells. To determine whether the mutation in hr CE
      and td CE mutants affected the virion-associated RNA transcriptase, this enzyme
      was assayed in vitro at 31 and 39 C, and the results were compared with those
      obtained for the wild-type virus. The RNA trascriptase activity of hr CE mutants
      did not appear to be affected by the mutation. The td CE mutants fall into two
      classes: those that synthesized RNA at 39 C similar to the wild-type virus and
      those that did not. One mutant of the latter category, td CE 3, had heat
      sensitive transcriptase regardless of whether it was grown in BHK or chicken
      embryo cells. A revertant to the wild-type phenotype isolated from this mutant
      had regained the ability to synthesize RNA at 39 C. These results strongly
      suggest that a polypeptide that is either the transcriptase itself or  part of
      the transcriptase complex was made temperature sensitive by the mutation in the
      second class of td CE mutants. The inhibition of the transcriptase activity of
      the mutant td CE 3 was fully reversible by lowering the temperature of incubation
      from 39 to 31 C, and both inhibition and reactivation appeared to be
      instantaneous.

PMID- 170424
TI  - Virus-induced proteins in pseudorabies-infected cells. II. Proteins of the virion
      and nucleocapsid.
AB  - Analysis of purified naked and enveloped nucleocapsids of pseudorabies virus with
      high-resolution techniques has allowed a reassessment of their protein
      composition. Enveloped particles are shown to contain at least 20 proteins whose
      molecular weights are in the range 20,000 to 230,000. Naked nucleocapsids contain
      one major and seven minor proteins in the molecular weight range 20,000 to
      155,000. Phosphorylation of at least one virion protein is shown to take place in
      vivo. These results demonstrate that pseudorabies virus is similar in its protein
      complement to other herpesviruses which have recently been examined.

PMID- 170425
TI  - Physical map of the BK virus genome.
AB  - Two new human papovavirus isolates (JMV and MMV) from the urines of patients with
      Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome were morphologically and serologically identical to BK
      virus (BKV). The genomes of these two new isolates were found to be
      indistinguishable from prototype BKV DNA in a variety of nucleic acid
      hybridization experiments. Like BKV DNA, JMV and MMV DNAs share approximately 20%
      of their polynucleotide sequences with simian virus 40 DNA. The genome of JMV was
      indistinguishable from that of BKV by restriction endonuclease analysis; MMV DNA
      contained three instead of four R-Hind cleavage sites and one rather than no R
      HpaII cleavage sites. Physical maps of the BKV and MMV genomes were constructed
      using restriction endonucleases, and these maps were oriented to the map of
      simian virus 40 DNA.

PMID- 170427
TI  - Poliovirus inactivation by activated sludge.

PMID- 170426
TI  - Long-term persistence of cytomegalovirus genome in cultured human cells of
      prostatic origin.
AB  - Cells from prostatic tissue obtained from a 3-year-old male donor exhibited
      scattered foci of cytopathology on primary culture. A virus was isolated and
      shown by serological analysis to be cytomegalovirus (CMV). After a number of cell
      culture passages, a cell line (disignated CMV-Mj-P) was obtained in which foci of
      infection could no longer be demonstrated, nor could virus be rescued. On
      continued passage the doubling time of the cells decreased markedly, and the
      fibroblastoid cells ceased to demonstrate contact inhibition. CMV-specific
      antigen(s) was detected on the surface of the cells by indirect
      immunofluorescence techniques after exposure of the cultures to iododeoxyuridine.
      Microcytotoxocity tests established that CMV-Mj-P cells, but not control human
      prostate cells or human embryonic lung cells, share a membrane antigen with
      hamster cells transformed by CMV. Nucleic acid hybridization studies revealed
      that virus genetic information was carried by the human prostate cells and that
      the cells contained an average of about 10 to 15 genome equivalents of CMV DNA.
      Karyotypic analysis confirmed that the CMV-Mj-P cells were of human male origin.
      These results indicate that the cells either have been transformed by CMV or are
      chronically infected with CMV and releasing virus at levels below detection.

PMID- 170428
TI  - Editorial: Hypoglycemia during fasting.

PMID- 170429
TI  - Steroid receptors and hormone receptivity. New approaches in pharmacology and
      therapeutics.

PMID- 170431
TI  - Liver cell adenoma and oral contraceptives. Double tumor development.

PMID- 170430
TI  - Brachial plexus neuropathy. Association with desensitizing antiallergy
      injections.
AB  - Two patients had acute, self-limiting, unilateral brachial plexus neuropathy in
      association with desensitizing subcutaneous injections of extracts of dusts and
      molds. Diminution of pain and return of function of the affected limb followed a
      short course of prednisone therapy, although a beneficial effect of the steroid
      cannot be considered proved. There is a large variety of antigenic substances
      already known to produce neuropathy following intramuscular injection;
      desensitizing antiallergy injections should be added to this list.

PMID- 170432
TI  - [Mutation of type D strain of Clostridium perfringens treated with acriflavine].

PMID- 170433
TI  - [Characteristics and types of Clostridium perfringens derived from various
      animals].

PMID- 170434
TI  - [Properties of recently isolated Bordetella pertussis].

PMID- 170435
TI  - [Drug sensitivity of recently isolated Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella
      parapertussis].

PMID- 170436
TI  - [Serotyping of recently isolated Bordetella pertussis].

PMID- 170437
TI  - [A case of plasma cell dyscrasia associated with polyneuropathy and hormonal
      disturbance (author's transl)].

PMID- 170438
TI  - [Discussion: Itai-itai disease].

PMID- 170440
TI  - [Hepatoma alkaline phosphatase (author's transl)].

PMID- 170439
TI  - [Clinical significances of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 170441
TI  - [Time factors in the appearance of intracranial calcification].

PMID- 170443
TI  - [Secondary oxalosis after ileocecal resection-report of two autopsy cases and
      review of the literature (author's transl)].

PMID- 170442
TI  - Studies on rat complement. II. Complement level in experimental tumor in rats.
AB  - In the course of methylcholanthrene induced carcinogenesis in rats, CIA50, C4 and
      C3 increased as compared with control and correlation of tumor size with increase
      in CIA50, C4 and C3 was observed. In the course of dimethylaminoazobenzen
      carcinogenesis of rats, complement level and C3 level decreased but in
      splenectomized rats fed by dimethylaminoazobenzen showed elevated level of
      complement system. After Corynebacterium infection, CIA50 and C3 of rats
      increased. This phenomenon is considered to be one of the essential factors to
      induce high resistance against tumor inoculation.

PMID- 170444
TI  - Neutralizing activities of early and late IgG fragments from rabbits immunized
      with herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Rabbits immunized with herpes virus were bled periodically and bivalent and
      univalent fragments of IgG from each serum sample were prepared by enzymatic
      digestion. The 2-week F(ab')2 showed a low neutralizing activity only after
      addition of anti-IgG. F(ab')2 of the 4-week serum retained almost all of the
      neutralizing activity of IgG, while its univalent fragments demonstrated none
      even when tested with anti-IgG. In contrast to these early IgG fragments,
      univalent fragments of the 9-week and 20-week IgG neutralized the virus to
      considerable extents in the absence of anti-IgG; after addition of anti-IgG the
      activity equaled that of intact IgG in the cases of Fab' and Fab-II, though the
      activity of Fab-I was relatively low. Three three univalent fragments were all
      sensitive to heating at 70 C and to ultraviolet irradiation, whereas intact IgG
      resisted these treatments. F(ab')2 was resistant to the heating and less
      sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation than univalent fragments. Neutralization
      kinetic curve experiments to test blocking effects of IgG fragments against the
      neutralization by intact IgG suggested that the early Fab' did combine with the
      virus and that the late Fab' exerted a higher blocking effect than the early
      Fab'.

PMID- 170445
TI  - Circular DNA from heterokaryons of SV40-transformed mouse and African green
      monkey cells.

PMID- 170446
TI  - Synaptic organization in teleost spinal motoneurons.
AB  - Glass microelectrodes were inserted into motoneurons innervating pectoral fin
      muscles to record action and synaptic potentials, evoked by electrical
      stimulation of ventral and dorsal roots, and the medulla oblongata. Ventral root
      stimulation evoked a small depolarizing response which had properties compatible
      with those of the EPSP; its amplitude changes were graded, being increased by
      membrane hyperpolarization and decreased by high frequency repetitive
      stimulation. The latency of the response was sufficiently longer than that of the
      antidromic spike to allow for a monosynaptic delay. Stimulation of the dorsal
      root produced EPSPs with relatively long latencies, suggesting mediation by a
      polysynaptic pathway. EPSPs with short latencies were evoked by stimulation of
      the medulla oblongata, indicating the presence of a monosynaptic excitatory
      connection. Action potentials, recorded from peripheral nerve after stimulation
      of the medulla oblongata, were facilitated by conditioning volleys via ventral
      roots. This facilitation was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide
      and atropine sulphate, indicating the cholinergic nature of the EPSP of ventral
      root origin. The conduction velocities of motor axons and of the ventral roots
      fibers responsible for production of EPSPs were about the same. The EPSP of
      ventral root origin had a slower rising time course and lesser sensitivity to
      shifts of membrane potential than the EPSP of medulla oblongata origin,
      suggesting that the sites of generation of the former EPSP were on the peripheral
      dendrites. From the above results, it was concluded that the EPSP of ventral root
      origin was mediated by recurrent axon collaterals of motoneurons.

PMID- 170447
TI  - Two preferential conducting pathways within the bundle of His of the dog heart.
AB  - An isolated preparation formed exclusively of the specific conducting tissue of
      the A. V. node, bundle of His and bundle branches was dissected from the dog
      heart and studied using the microelectrode technique. The preparation, being
      completely isolated from the normal neighboring conducting tissues, can be turned
      over or twisted, so as to stimulate and record either separately or
      simultaneously the electrical activity of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the
      bundle of His. The preparation showed spontaneous activity and maintained its
      physiological properties for long periods of time. Morphological and
      electrophysiological evidence was found to differentiate two functional strands
      within the common trunk of the bundle of His. These two strands appear in
      different planes: The anterior or ventral strand starts in the superior part of
      the atrioventricular node and continues to form the right bundle branch; the
      posterior or dorsal strand begins in the inferior part of the A. V. node and runs
      underneath the ventral strand to form later the left bundle branch. The two
      strands can be separated from each other so as to have two functional
      preparations: one formed of the superior part of the A. V. node, the anterior
      strand and the right bundle branch; the other constituted by the inferior part of
      the A. V. node, the posterior strand and the left bundle branch. Some of the
      electrophysiological properties of both strands are similar, except for the
      conduction velocity, which appears to be faster in the posterior strand than in
      the anterior. Transversal propagation occurs between the two strands and is
      slower than the longitudinal propagation that takes place along the parallel
      fibers of each strand. The presence of cellular transversal bridges between the
      strands assures the activation of the two strands as if they were a single
      conducting cable. These characteristics are discussed in relation to some
      disturbances in propagation.

PMID- 170448
TI  - Effects of jaundiced plasma on vascular sensitivity to noradrenalin.
AB  - Alterations in renal perfusion have been shown in a variety of liver diseases. We
      have examined the possibility that the syndrome is due to a renal vascular
      hypersensitivity to noradrenalin (NA). Isolated perfused kidneys and segments of
      rabbit femoral artery were used. Potentiation of the pressor effects of injected
      NA occurred in all (five artery and five kidney) preparations when jaundiced
      baboon plasma was perfused. These changes were significant (P less than 0.05) in
      nine out of the ten experiments. Controls to which normal baboon plasma was
      administered showed no such change. No correlation was found between the degree
      of NA potentiation and the plasma concentrations of bilirubin (total and
      conjugated), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, serum
      glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, Na+ ions or K+ ions in the
      jaundiced plasma. Plasma renin levels were not significantly changed. When
      arteris were perfused with Krebtentiation of NA was found. Perfusion of sodium
      taurocholate or sodium deoxycholate (400 mug/ml) yielded no potentiation. Thus,
      the altered renal perfusion associated with jaundice may be attributed to a
      potentiated pressor response to NA which may be caused by an increased level of
      cholesterol carried on the beta-lipoprotein.

PMID- 170449
TI  - Preparation of renal papillary collecting duct cells for study in vitro.

PMID- 170450
TI  - [Elimination and excretion of adenylate kinases following cell damage].
AB  - Adenylate kinases, small organ-specific isoenzymes which appear after tissue
      damage in the blood plasma are partly eliminated via the kidney. After
      intravenous administration of 3000 enzyme units of 14C-labelled adenylate kinase
      to rats, about 50% of the enzyme and of the radioactivity are found in the urine
      within 7 minutes. The elimination of adenylate kinase from the serum occurs in
      two phases, a faster (half-life 16 minutes) and a slower (half-life 160 minutes).
      After intravenous adminstration of adenylate kinase to humans, a part of the
      activity was recovered in the urine within minutes. The potential use of assaying
      adenylate kinase levels for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction is
      discussed. Using various skeletal muscle diseases as examples, the possible use
      of the very rapid elimination of adenylate kinase from the serum in monitoring
      the course of the acute illnesses is described. The competitive inhibitor
      diadenosine pentaphosphate (AP5A) has a much higher affinity for the adenylate
      kinases from erythrocytes, heart or skeletal muscle than for the isoenzymes from
      liver or kidney. Therefore, AP5A can be used for the differential determination
      of adenylate kinase isoenzymes in the blood plasma or the urine.

PMID- 170452
TI  - Studies on interferon induction and antiviral activity by certain arboviruses.

PMID- 170451
TI  - Plasma glycosphingolipids in diabetics and normals.
AB  - In diabetic patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IV the monohexosyl ceramide
      concentration in blood plasma is significantly elevated. This augmentation can be
      attributed to an increased monohexosyl ceramide content of the BLDL plasma
      fraction. In contrast, the di-, tri-, the tetrahexosyl ceramide levels remain
      within normal limits. In normolipidemic diabetics of comparable age, sex, and
      weight classes and of comparable metabolic control no elevations of glycolipid
      fractions could be found. However, patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia
      type IV show an increase of monohexosyl ceramide concentrations in blood plasma.
      Therefore, the augmentation of monohexosyl ceramide levels in plasma of
      hyperlipidemic diabetic patients seems rather a metabolic consequence of
      hyperlipoproteinemia than of diabetes per se. A clearcut explantation for the
      monohexosyl ceramide elevations in the studied groups cannot be given at present
      time.

PMID- 170453
TI  - Alpha-glucosidase activity in reference to glycogen storage, and formation of
      glycogenosomes in ascites hepatoma AH13 cells. Comparison of AH13 cells with
      ascites hepatoma AH109A and normal liver.

PMID- 170454
TI  - Natural history of feline leukaemia virus.

PMID- 170455
TI  - The effects of skin grafting on healing open wounds in rabbits.

PMID- 170456
TI  - The role of steroid hormones in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion.

PMID- 170457
TI  - Effect of prostaglandins on steroid biosynthesis.

PMID- 170458
TI  - Mechanisms and interactions in testicular steroidogenesis and prostaglandin
      synthesis.

PMID- 170459
TI  - Estrogen-induced alterations in cyclic nucleotide and prostaglandin levels in
      target tissue.

PMID- 170460
TI  - Sex steroid hormones during multiphase pubertal developments.

PMID- 170462
TI  - Toxicological requirements for a menses-inducer.

PMID- 170461
TI  - Role of adrenal steroids in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion at puberty.

PMID- 170463
TI  - Putative estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors in the limbic brain.

PMID- 170465
TI  - Occurrence and properties of 17beta-oestradiol receptors in rat brain.

PMID- 170464
TI  - The role of hypothalamic and hypophyseal 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, estradiol
      and progesterone receptors in the mechanism of feedback action.

PMID- 170466
TI  - Specific estrogen binding proteins in human cervix.

PMID- 170467
TI  - Binding of glucocorticoid hormones in bovine hypothalamic and pituitary cytosol.

PMID- 170468
TI  - Estradiol receptor in uterine tissue from neonatal mice. Influence by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 170469
TI  - Steroid-binding properties of corticosteroid receptors in different target
      tissues of the rat.

PMID- 170470
TI  - Partial purification of glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver using DNA
      cellulose.

PMID- 170471
TI  - Identification of 2-hydroxyoestradiol and the pattern of catechol oestrogens in
      human pregnancy urine.

PMID- 170473
TI  - Intracellular localization of estrogens in chick liver: increase of the binding
      sites for the hormone on repeated treatment of the birds with the hormone.

PMID- 170472
TI  - Effects of ACTH on steroid C-21 hydroxylation in rat adrenal glands.

PMID- 170474
TI  - Estradiol binding serum proteins in normal and immunized rabbits and their
      physiological significance.

PMID- 170475
TI  - Structural requirements of steroids for their action as inhibitors of oxidative
      phosphorylation. Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the inhibition of oxidative
      phosphorylation by progesterone.

PMID- 170476
TI  - Binding of progesterone, oestradiol and testosterone to human A, C and S
      erythrocytes and haemoglobins.

PMID- 170477
TI  - Dihydrotestosterone-protein binding in the cytosol of rat anterior hypophysis in
      vitro: evidence for a specific receptor.

PMID- 170478
TI  - Testosterone sulphate, its biosynthesis, metabolism, measurement, functions and
      properties.

PMID- 170479
TI  - Soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities: their natural history, treatment, and
      radiation sensitivity.

PMID- 170480
TI  - Inhibition of melanoma growth in hamsters by type-2 adenovirus.
AB  - Type-2 adenovirus was shown to inhibit the growth of transplantable hamster
      melanoma in 70% of Syrian hamsters without any injurious effect to the host.
      Greatest inhibition of tumor formation was seen when animals were injected with
      10(6) TCD50 of adenovirus and 2.5 x 10(5) tumor cells, or 10(6) TCD50 of virus
      and 5.0 x 10(5) tumor cells followed either 1 or 7 days later by a second
      injection of a similar dose of virus. Significant inhibition in tumor growth was
      also noted when 2 injections of virus (10(6.2) TCD50/injection) were given on 2
      separate occasions as late as 7 and 10 days after the inoculation of tumor cells.
      The mechanism of tumor inhibition is not known but it could be due to a
      combination of factors such as viral toxicity, viral oncolysis, and antitumor
      immunity.

PMID- 170481
TI  - Long-term survival in bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - In this report, we shall review the clinical and pathological features of 64
      patients who survived 10 years or longer after resection for bronchogenic
      carcinoma. Most of these patients had either adenocarcinoma or bronchioloalveolar
      carcinoma. None of them had oat cell carcinoma. In many of the long-term
      survivors, there were pathological findings generally considered to indicate a
      poor chance for survival. Thus we believe that curative resection for
      bronchogenic carcinoma should be attempted whenever feasible to offer the patient
      every hope of long-term survival.

PMID- 170482
TI  - Multiple primary lung cancers.
AB  - Data on 50 patients with multiple separate primary carcinomas of the lung are
      presented. Eighteen had synchronous tumors and 32 had metachronous tumors, the
      intervals between diagnoses varying from 4 months to 16 years. Histologic
      patterns in the two different carcinomas were the same in 31 patients, most
      commonly epidermoid, and they were different in 19 patients. The problems
      involved in establishing the diagnosis of multiple primary lung cancers, the
      choice of treatment, and the expectation for survival are discussed.

PMID- 170483
TI  - [Active metabolites of vitamin D. Recent acquisitions].

PMID- 170484
TI  - Tangier disease.

PMID- 170485
TI  - Alveolar soft part sarcoma. An electron microscopic study.

PMID- 170486
TI  - [Hundred thousands of Sweden refuse visit to hospital].

PMID- 170487
TI  - A statistical study of 620 laryngeal carcinomas of the glottic region personally
      operated upon more than five years ago.

PMID- 170488
TI  - Effects of structural variation in beta-monoglycerides and other lipids on
      ordering in synthetic membranes.
AB  - Studies of beta-monoglyceride multilayers were carried out using a variety of
      spin probes. Effects of variables such as chain length, unsaturation, and
      branching on organization of acyl chains in lipids of model membranes were
      assessed. In addition, effects of added cholesterol on membrane order were
      determined. Results indicated that pure beta-monolaurin yields highly ordered
      films, whereas, unsaturated glycerides such as beta-monoolein, beta-monolinolein,
      and analogous lecithins yield fluid films. Branched monoglycerides behaved
      similarly to beta-monoolein, suggesting that branching in acyl chains is an
      effective substitute for unsaturation in maintaining membrane integrity.
      Multilayers of beta-monoglycerides exhibited similar properties to those of more
      complex lipids such as phospholipids. beta-Monoglycerides, by virtue of the
      presence of a single acyl chain, provided a relatively simple and effective
      alternative to the use of phospholipids in studies of membrane architecture.

PMID- 170489
TI  - Lipids of cultured hepatoma cells: VII. Structural analyses of glycerolipids in
      minimal deviation hepatoma 7288C.
AB  - Phosphatidylcholine. phosphatidylethanolamine, and triglycerides were isolated
      from minimal deviation hepatoma 7288C cells cultured as monolayers to confluency
      in roller flasks containing Swim's 77 medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf
      serum, plus 20%, 10%, or 5% bovine serum. Fatty acid distribution at each
      position of glycerol was determined for the 3 glycerolipid classes, and carbon
      number distributions of triglycerides and diglycerides derived from
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were quantitated by high
      temperature gas liquid chromatography. Fatty acid composition was only marginally
      affected by the level of bovine serum in the culture medium. Percentage
      composition of fatty acids esterified at each position of the 3 glycerolipids was
      different, indicating a nonrandom distribution of acyl groups in triglycerides
      and the 2 diacyl phosphatides. The carbon number distribution of diglycerides
      derived from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was different, and
      neither carbon number distribution agreed with the calculated 1-random, 2-random
      diacyl distribution, thus indicating pairing of certain acids in the diglycerides
      derived from these phospholipd classes. The determined triglyceride carbon number
      distributions did not show complete agreement with those calculated, assuming a 1
      random, 2-random, 3-random type of fatty acyl distribution, suggesting
      preferential pairing of some acids in this lipid class. The 1-, 2-diglycerides
      derived from phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triglycerides
      differed, indicating either selectivity in utilization of diglyceride species in
      biosynthesis of these glycerolipids, or modification of glycerolipids after their
      initial synthesis.

PMID- 170490
TI  - [Clinical picture, differential diagnosis and therapy of alveolar cell
      carcinoma].

PMID- 170491
TI  - [Type-V-hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 170492
TI  - [Therapeutic trends in pediatric oncology. Observations during a trip through
      oncologic centers of the USA].

PMID- 170493
TI  - Urinary excretion of catecholamines in acromegaly: effect of ACTH.

PMID- 170494
TI  - Effect of hypoglycemia on extracellular levels of cyclic AMP in man.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the response of cyclic AMP to "endogenous"
      hormonal stimulation resulting from insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Insulin was
      administered to four normal subjects and four adrenalectomized patients.
      Hypoglycemia resulted in four-fold increases in plasma cyclic AMP. This response
      is thought to be secondary to beta-adrenergic stimulation for the following
      reasons: (1) the response was absent in adrenalectomized, cortisol-treated
      subjects; (2) it was abolished by propranolol; and (3) urinary excretion of
      cyclic AMP did not reflect the rise in plasma cyclic AMP.

PMID- 170495
TI  - [Ultrastructure of Thiocapsa roseopersicina under various cultivation
      conditions].
AB  - The cells of the purple sulphur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina, strain BBS,
      growing in the light and in the darkness, contain chromatophores of the normal
      vesicular type. The amount and dimensions of the vesicules in the cells depend on
      the composition of the medium and the conditions of cultivation. During anaerobic
      growth of the bacterium in the light in the medium with pyruvate, large cells
      appear with complicate invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane. The cells may
      contain, besides drops of sulphur, polyphosphates, and poly-beta-hydroxybutyric
      acid, spherical inclusions of a fine-grain structure.

PMID- 170496
TI  - [Theory of pathogenesis in primary hyperuricamia].

PMID- 170497
TI  - [Frequency and distribution of types of hyperlipoproteinemia with life-shortening
      risk factors among ambulant patients (author's transl)].
AB  - It is reported of 726 patients incidentally elected and mainly with life
      shortening risk factors. 341 (47.1p.c.) showed an increased concentration of
      neutral fats and/or total cholesterol in the serum. Type IV (49.8 p.c.) according
      to Fredrickson was observed most frequently, followed by type IIb (31.1 p.c.) and
      by type IIa (19.1 p.c.). Most of the patients with hyperlipoproteinemia were
      overweight (53.1 p.c.), 33.6 p.c. suffered from arterial hypertension, 25.3 p.c.
      from diseases of the liver, 10.9 p.c. from coronary heart diseases, and 8.7 p.c.
      from manifest diabetes mellitus. The distribution of different types of
      hyperlipoproteinemia among the various diseases deviates from that of the total
      number of patients observed in this study. Cases of hyperlipoproteinemia were
      observed most frequently in diseases of the kidney with arterial hypertension
      (62.7 p.c.), coronary heart diseases (60.8 p.c.), manifest gout (60.0 p.c.),
      manifest diabetes mellitus (58.7 p.c.), and hyperuricemia without symptoms (55.8
      p.c.). Type-IV-hyperlipoproteinemia was observed most frequently within the
      different groups of patients with life-shortening risk factors. An exception was
      the group of patients suffering from malignancies. Type IIb was found most
      frequently within the group of patients suffering from malignancies.

PMID- 170498
TI  - Extracellular proteins in five clostridial species from human infections.
AB  - 347 strains from human infections were identified by gas-liquid chromatography of
      metabolic products and by conventional tests. Simple agar-plate assays were used
      to analyze the ability to form extracellular proteins. More than 90% of all
      strains were hemolytic on agar containing rabbit erythrocytes and all were
      gelatinase producers. All strains of C. bifermantans, C. sordelli, and C.
      sporogenes were also caseinolytic on skimmed-milk agar, but strains of C.
      perfringens, C. novyi types A and B were not. Less than 10% of C. perfringens
      strains were producers of elastase and staphylolytic enzyme and all other species
      were non-producers. All C. perfringens, C. novyii, C. bifermentans, and C.
      sordelli were lecithinase producers, but C. sporogenes was not. All strains of C.
      sporogenes formed deoxyribonuclease, while a varying number of the other species
      showed a positive reaction.

PMID- 170499
TI  - The effect of an immunosuppressive drug (azathioprine) on the latent infection of
      marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) with the oncogenic Herpesvirus saimiri.
AB  - Callithrix jacchus (CJ) marmoset monkeys can be latently infected with
      Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS). In order to determine whether this resistance to the
      oncogenic potential of HVS could be due to the immune surveillance, azathioprine,
      a known immunosuppressive drug, was given to 7 latently infected CJ marmosets.
      The animals died within 147 days probably from side effect caused by
      azathioprine, but no animal developed a tumor.

PMID- 170500
TI  - [Treatment of thoracic wall malformations in the context of Poland's syndrome.
      Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 170502
TI  - Rat pineal adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity:
      modulation in vivo by a beta adrenergic receptor.

PMID- 170501
TI  - Effects of adenosine on levels of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate in human
      blood platelets in relation to adenosine incorporation and platelet aggregation.

PMID- 170503
TI  - The effects of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids on spin-labeled
      liposomes and their relationship to mechanisms of general anesthesia.

PMID- 170504
TI  - Anti-inflammatory steroids and collagen metabolism: glucocorticoid-mediated
      alterations of prolyl hydroxylase activity and collagen synthesis.

PMID- 170507
TI  - Role of radiography in the diagnosis of mucoceles.
AB  - The role of radiography is of the utmost importance in the diagnosis of
      mucoceles. The use of plain films and tomograms enabled us to make the exact
      diagnosis of mucocele 19 out of 26 times. The patients had a mechanical
      proptosis, one sinus with a subnormal transparency was enlarged, and its walls
      were either thinned or broken at the place of a structural process of alteration.
      Orbital venography shows the venous shifting and ascertains the posterior
      extension and the extra-conal location of the tumour.

PMID- 170506
TI  - Phosphatidic acid metabolism, calcium ions and transmitter release from
      electrically stimulated synaptosomes.
AB  - Synaptosomes isolated from guinea pig brain cortex were stimulated electrically
      in a medium containing [32P]-orthophosphate. The electrical stimulation caused
      increased labelling of phosphatidic acid in a synaptic vesicle fraction prepared
      by osmotic shock of the incubated synaptosomes. Electrical stimulation also
      provokes transmitter release from the synaptosomes. Both increased phosphatidate
      labelling and transmitter release required calcium ions in the medium. The
      effects are discussed in relation to earlier work with acetylcholine and the
      possible involvement of membrane phosphatidic acid in transmitter release by
      exocytosis.

PMID- 170505
TI  - The relation of polypeptide hormone structure and flexibility to receptor
      binding: the relevance of X-ray studies on insulins, glucagon and human placental
      lactogen.
AB  - Thr relevance of the crystal structure of the polypeptide hormones, insulin,
      glucagon and human placental lactogen to conformation and flexibility in solution
      and to receptor binding is considered. X-ray studies for crystal forms of
      glucagon, human placental lactogen and three insulin derivatives (A1 acetyl
      insulin, A1-t-butoxy carbonyl insulin and A1 2,2-dimethyl-3-formyl-L-thiazolidine
      4-carbonyl insulin) are reported. Neither glucagon nor human placental lactogen
      are as ordered as insulin in the crystal form. Glucagon crystals undergo distinct
      transformations on changing the pH of the mother liquor from pH 9.5 to pH 6,
      indicating that the glucagon molecule is flexible in the crystal, as it is in
      solution. On the other hand all insulin analogues have a similar three
      dimensional structure to that of native insulin. Three dimensional difference
      Fourier studies of two insulin derivatives at 3 A resolution indicate the
      position of the modifying groups and define the small conformational changes
      which have occurred. The in vitro biological activity and receptor binding
      decrease with the increasing size of the group added to A1. The correlation of
      the structure analysis with the biological data strongly implicate a region close
      to A1 in receptor binding. Insulin appears to bind to the receptor in a specific
      conformation similar to that observed in the crystal structure and in solution;
      amino acid residues which are separated in the primary structure but brought into
      close juxtaposition in the tertiary structure are important for full potency.

PMID- 170508
TI  - Radiotherapy of primary malignant tumours of the orbit.

PMID- 170509
TI  - Radionuclide evaluation of the orbit.

PMID- 170510
TI  - A-scan echography and orbital disease.

PMID- 170511
TI  - Diagnosis of intra- and retro-orbital tumours by the use of phlebography and
      ophthalmodynamography.

PMID- 170512
TI  - Epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland.
AB  - This paper reports a histopathological and follow-up study of 54 cases of
      epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland. The findings confirm the view that
      accurate histological diagnosis is a reliable guide to the prognosis of these
      tumours and, therefore, to their clinical management. Since a thorough
      histological examination is of such clinical importance, treatment of these
      particular neoplasms should not be based upon evidence obtained from frozen
      sections of biopsies taken during operation. The histological criteria are
      described and illustrated and the follow-up analyzed in detail. Benign mixed
      tumours were the most common (55.5%) followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma
      (24.1%), other carcinomas, including two mucoepidermoid tumours (16.6%) and
      malignant mixed tumours (37.7%). In this series the prognosis for benign mixed
      tumours was excellent, despite occasional benigh recurrences, whereas the
      prognosis in the carcinoma group was correspondingly poor. Adenoid cystic
      carcinoma was the commonest form of carcinoma and commoner in the lacrimal gland
      than elsewhere. Although they run a highly malignant course, one case in this
      series is alive and well, without recurrence, after 17 years, indicating that the
      prognosis may well be favourable, providing the initial growth can be completely
      extirpated. The treatment of these tumours, already well described by SANDERS et
      al. [1962] is briefly summarized.

PMID- 170513
TI  - Malignant exophthalmos after iodine-131 treatment.

PMID- 170514
TI  - [Diet in hyperuricemia (author's transl)].
AB  - The idea that, in view of potent drugs, the dietary treatment of a metabolic
      disease must be reserved for a small group of particularly susceptible patients
      or even for a minority of neurotically structured patients who would alone be
      capable of bearing the hardship of a consequent change of accustomed feeding
      habits needs correction. Considerably greater importance must be attached to
      dietetics in disorders of uric acid metabolism than formerly, particularly with a
      view to the status already gained by the dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus a
      long time ago. Dietetic therapy of familial hyperuricemia and its later clinical
      manifestation, gout, is a basic therapy of a preventive character. Because today,
      superiority is increasingly conceded to prophylaxis rather than to the treatment
      of late sequelae.

PMID- 170515
TI  - Chromosome damage in the bone marrow of mice treated with the methylating agents
      methyl methanesulphonate and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the presence or absence of
      caffeine, and its relationship with thymoma induction.
AB  - A single dose (0.8 mmole/kg) of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNUA) causes
      significantly more chromosome damage in the bone marrow of mice than a dose of
      equal toxicity to the animals, (1.1 mmole/kg) of methyl methanesulphonate (MMS)
      6, 24 and 48 h after treatment. At these doses both agents alkylate bone-marrow
      DNA to similar extents, but only MNUA induces thymic lymphomata. The greater
      chromosome-damaging effects of MNUA are ascribed to the known differences in the
      pattern of DNA alkylation by each agent, in particular the much higher levels of
      O-6 methylguanine and phosphotriesters produced by MNUA. The greater chromosome
      damaging effect of MNUA may account for its higher toxicity to the bone marrow
      which in turn may be a significant factor in the induction of thymomata. The
      enhancement by caffeine of chromosome damage seen particularly 48 h after MMS
      treatment suggests that post-replication repair protects cells from the effects
      of DNA-methylation in vivo.

PMID- 170517
TI  - Editorial: The pieces of a vitamin D puzzle fall into place--almost!

PMID- 170516
TI  - Treatment of hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism with metabolites of
      vitamin D: evidence for impaired conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D.
AB  - In hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism, pharmacologic doses of
      vitamin D correct hypocalcemia, but the mechanism is unknown. In two children
      with hypoparathyroidism and one with pseudohypoparathyroidism we tested the
      hypothesis that in these conditions there is a defect in synthesis of 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3, the principal active metabolite of vitamin D. In both
      conditions, minute doses of the metabolite (0.04 to 0.08 mug per kilogram of body
      weight per day) quickly corrected hypocalcemia and increased intestinal calcium
      absorption. On the other hand, the effective dose of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to
      maintain normocalcemia was 3 to 4 mug per kilogram per day in the two conditions.
      Thus, the dosage ratio of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
      approximated 100:1. By contrast this ratio was approximately 3:1 in two infants
      with vitamin D deficiency, a condition in which optimal metabolism of vitamin D
      would be expected. These findings suggest an impaired conversion of 25
      hydroxyvitamin D to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in both hypoparathyroidism and
      pseudohypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 170518
TI  - Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. A possible biochemical explanation of
      clinical heterogeneity.
AB  - Patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia fall into two groups: one
      responds to diet and drug therapy; the other does not. Fibroblasts from patients
      in each group were compared for low-density lipoprotein suppression of 3-hydroxy
      3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and low-density lipoprotein
      binding. In fibroblasts from four therapy-responsive patients, low-density
      lipoprotein (100 mug per milliliter) suppressed 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A reductase activity to 41 +/- 12 per cent of control (without low
      density lipoprotein) whereas fibroblast enzyme activity from two therapy
      unresponsive patients was not suppressed (P less than 0.001). Low-density
      lipoprotein binding to fibroblasts from both groups was defective as compared to
      normal controls. Fibroblasts from two therapy-responsive patients had specific
      binding of low-density lipoprotein of 27 +/- 4 per cent of normal -- greater than
      the 12 +/- 2 per cent (P less than 0.005) binding to fibroblasts from one therapy
      unresponsive patient. These biochemical differences may help explain the variable
      response to therapy in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 170519
TI  - Correction of antidiuresis by demeclocycline.

PMID- 170520
TI  - Editorial: Cushing's disease: a hypothalamic flush?

PMID- 170521
TI  - Failure of neutral-red photodynamic inactivation in recurrent herpes simplex
      virus infections.
AB  - Because photodynamic inactivation of herpes simplex virus infections may not be
      free of hazard, the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation with neutral red and
      light was evaluated in a placebo-controlled study of 170 episodes of recurrent
      herpes simplex virus infection in 96 patients. The preparation of neutral red
      that was used was shown to photoinactivate herpes simplex virus in vitro, but had
      no significant effect on the rate of resolution of herpetic lesions (P greater
      than 0.10) or on the frequency of subsequent recurrences (P greater than 0.10),
      except for orolabial lesions, in which an adverse effect on the rate of
      subsequent recurrences was observed (P less than 0.05). In the absence of
      demonstrated efficacy, the routine use of neutral red and light in patients with
      recurrent herpes simplex virus infections should be discontinued. Furthermore,
      other photoactive dyes should not be used until their efficacy has been
      demonstrated by suitably controlled clinical trials.

PMID- 170522
TI  - Editorial: Misery of recurrent herpes: what to do?

PMID- 170524
TI  - Letter: Impairment of rosette-forming T lymphocytes in cirrhosis and liver
      cancer.

PMID- 170523
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercise. Case 44-1975:.

PMID- 170525
TI  - Letter: Vitamin D therapy for children on anticonvulsants.

PMID- 170526
TI  - Neurofilament disguise, destruction and discipline.

PMID- 170527
TI  - Oestrogen-responsive human breast cancer in long term tissue culture.

PMID- 170528
TI  - Isolation of infectious C-type oncornavirus from human leukaemic bone marrow
      cells.

PMID- 170529
TI  - Phosphorylation of platelet myosin increases actin-activated myosin ATPase
      activity.

PMID- 170530
TI  - Magnetic vibrational optical activity in the resonance Raman spectrum of
      ferrocytochrome c.

PMID- 170531
TI  - Suppression of cell-mediated tumour immunity by Corynebacterium parvum.

PMID- 170532
TI  - Rapid and dissociated changes in sensitivities of different dopamine receptors in
      mouse brain.

PMID- 170533
TI  - Synthetic substrate for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 170534
TI  - Action of various antidepressant treatments reduces reactivity of noradrenergic
      cyclic AMP-generating system in limbic forebrain.

PMID- 170535
TI  - Segregation of RD-114 AND FeL-V-related sequences in crosses between domestic cat
      and leopard cat.

PMID- 170536
TI  - Identification of heat-dissociable RNA complexes in two porcine coronaviruses.

PMID- 170537
TI  - Light-induced formation of dense-core vesicles in rod photoreceptors in retina of
      Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 170538
TI  - Modulation of macrophage Fc receptor expression in vitro by insulin and cyclic
      nucleotides.

PMID- 170539
TI  - Role of sodium in neuronal uptake of monoamines and amino acid precursors.

PMID- 170540
TI  - Human serum lyses RNA tumour viruses.

PMID- 170541
TI  - Blocked, methylated 5'-terminal sequence in avian sarcoma virus RNA.

PMID- 170542
TI  - Immunization of pigs with the attenuated S- strain of Japanese encephalitis
      virus.
AB  - The attenuated S- strain of Japanese encephalitis virus was produced from a wild
      strain of this virus by serial cultivation in primary bovine kidney cell cultures
      at 30 degrees C. Pigs were inoculated with it and examined for ability to produce
      antibody and protect themselves from infection with a wild strain used for
      challenge. In pigs inoculated with a single dose of 10(6.5) approximately 10(7.5)
      TCID50 of the S- strain, the neutralizing antibody titer or hemagglutination
      inhibiting antibody (HI) titer increased to 10 approximately 320. An antibody
      titer exceeding 10 was maintained for 2 approximately 9 weeks. In pigs inoculated
      twice with 10(6.5) approximately 10(7.0) TCID50 of the S- strain, HI titer
      increased to 80 approximately 640. In many of these pigs, HI titers of 80
      approximately 160 persisted for more than 6 weeks. Pigs inoculated once or twice
      with 10(7.0) approximately 10(7.5) TCID50 of the S- strain were challenged by
      inoculation with 10(4.5) approximately 10(5.5) TCID50 of a wild strain and
      examined for the occurrence of viremia. As a result, an ability to protect from
      infection was demonstrated in pigs which showed an antibody titer surpassing 10
      at the time of challenge. Pregnant sows inoculated with 10(7.0) TCID50 of the S-
      strain were challenged by inoculation with 10(7.0) TCID50 of a wild strain.
      Neither death nor infection occurred to any fetus harbored by them. From these
      results, it is concluded that the S- strain can be used as live virus vaccine for
      porcine practice.

PMID- 170543
TI  - Histopathology of hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys.
AB  - In the summer of 1972, a disease of turkeys manifesting hemorrhagic diarrhea as a
      main clinical symptom and hemorrhagic enteritis as a necropsy finding broke out
      on a turkey farm in Japan. Seven-week-old Large White turkeys suffering from this
      disease were studied histopathologically and electron microscopically.
      Clinically, affected birds showed bloody diarrhea. Death occurred to them after
      an acute course. In the blood film, immature monocytes were higher in count in
      them than in healthy birds. Necropsy revealed a number of dark red bloody clots
      in the intestinal tract, many petechiae in the mucous membrane of small intestine
      and ceca, and atrophy of the spleen. The histopathological changes characteristic
      of this disease were acute hemorrhagic enteritis, degenerative changes of
      lymphatic tissue, proliferation of reticuloendothelial cells all over the body,
      and formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies in these cells. By electron
      microscopy, viral particles showing a crystalline array were found in the nuclei
      of reticuloendothelial cells. Viral particles which had electron-dense nucleoids
      and a naked hexagonal shape were about 80 nm in average diameter. The
      ultrastructural features of those inclusion bodies were identical with those of
      avian adenovirus.

PMID- 170544
TI  - Histopathology of feline panleukopenia in domestic cats.
AB  - Histopathological observations were carried out on 17 domestic cats naturally
      affected with feline panleukopenia. Principal lesions were found in the
      intestine, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs. Intestinal lesions were
      characterized by degenerative changes accompanied by the appearance of
      intranuclear inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the crypts. In contrast
      to the crypts, the villi were seldom involved. Hypoplasia, parenchymal
      degeneration, and activation of the reticuloendothelial system were observed in
      the bone marrow and lymphoid organs. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were found
      occasionally also in the reticular and parenchymal cells of the bone marrow,
      lymphoid organs, liver, adrenals, and pancreas. Most of the inclusion bodies were
      amphophilic when stained with hematoxylin and eosin and occupied the whole area
      of the nucleus without producing any zone of clear halo. While cells bearing
      inclusion bodies underwent degenerative changes constantly in the intestinal
      crypts, the formation of inclusion body was not accompanied by the degeneration
      of corresponding cells in any other organ. Pathological changes as mentioned
      above were considered to be closely related to the systemic infection of feline
      panleukopenia virus.

PMID- 170545
TI  - Mode of action of sodium nitroprusside on vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - 1. Sodium nitroprusside is a potent relaxant of smooth muscles with a
      predominantly tonic response, e.g. rat aorta contracted by noradrenaline,
      angiotensin II, Phe2-Lys8-vasopressin, BaC1(2), or KC1, and guinea-pig tracheal
      smooth muscle contracted by carbachol. 2. Smooth muscle preparations from the
      splanchnic region and with varying degrees of phasic contractility are less
      sensitive and develop tachyphylaxis (portal vein, duodenum of the rat) or are
      unresponsive to sodium nitroprusside (vas deferens, uterus of the rat). 3.
      Cardiac auricles of the guinea pig are not affected by sodium nitroprusside in
      either frequency or amplitude or spontaneous contractions. 4. Sdium nitroprusside
      causes a parallel shift of the dose-response curve of rat aorta to noradrenaline
      to the right and reduces the maximum response. 5. The drug has no blocking or
      stimulant effect on alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors, respectively. 6. Sodium
      nitroprusside inhibits the contractile response of calcium-depleted depolarized
      rat aorta to extra-cellular calcium. Like verapamil, it inhibits the increment in
      45calcium uptake of rabbit aorta elicited by K+. Sodium nitroprusside
      significantly reduced 45calcium binding by microsomes prepared from rabbit aorta.
      7. Rabbit aorta was incubated with lanthanum chloride to prevent calcium influx;
      sodium nitroprusside reduced the maintained rapid contraction phase in response
      to noradrenaline which is believed to be based on the intracellular activation of
      calcium. 8. In rat aorta, cellular cAMP and ATP levels were not found to be
      affected by the drug. 9. Rabbit aorta, "skinned" by glycerination is unresponsive
      to sdoium nitroprusside. 10. It is concluded that sodium nitropruside acts on
      exictation-contraction coupling predominantly in tonic smooth muscle by
      interfering with both the influx and the intracellular activation of calcium.

PMID- 170547
TI  - [Familial amyloid polyneuropathy of the Portuguese type. Occurrence in a kindred
      settled in southern Hessen].

PMID- 170546
TI  - The effect of Solanum malacoxylon on rachitic bone lesions in the rat.
AB  - The plant Solanum malacoxylon (S.M.) is known to cause severe soft tissue
      calcifications in cattle and sheep and has recently become of special interest
      since it exerts biological actions which resemble those of vitamin D. In order to
      investigate whether S.M. is capable to improve the rachitic bone changes in
      vitamin D and phosphate deficient rats, a watery extract of 50, 100 and 200 mg
      S.M. was fed daily to these animals over a period of 10 days. The width of
      epiphyseal plates was compared after the time with those of rats treates with 0,
      0.225, 0.45, and 0.9 IU of vitamin D3 daily. There was a dose related curative
      effect of S.M. on the epiphyseal lesions very similar to that of vitamin D3. The
      hypercalcemic and hyperphosphatemic effect of S.M. was identical to that of
      vitamin D3. The 25-hydroxy-vitamin D serum levels remained almost undetectable in
      the S.M. treated rats as well as in the vitamin D3 treated animals.

PMID- 170548
TI  - Physiology of antidiuretic hormone and the interrelationship between the hormone
      and the kidney.
AB  - This paper reviews the physiology of antidiuretic hormone, including the factors
      involving the formation, storage and release of the hormone, the metabolism of
      vasopressin and its physiologic and pharmacologic effects on water and
      electrolyte transport. The consequences of both deficiency and excess of the
      hormone are also discussed.

PMID- 170549
TI  - Catecholamines and renal water excretion.
AB  - The in vivo mechanisms whereby systemic alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation
      exert opposing effects on renal water excretion are reviewed. An extrarenal
      mechanism is suggested since the effect of intravenous infusion of norepinephrine
      or isoproterenol on water excretion cannot be mimicked by the intrarenal
      administration of these agents. A ROLE OF VASOPRESSIN IS IMPLICATED SINCE NEITHER
      MAN NOR DOG WITHOUT A PITUITARY SOURCE OF VASOPRESSIN DEMONSTRATE THE SAME EFFECT
      OF CATECHOLAMINES ON WATER EXCRETION AS OBSERVED IN INTACT MAN AND DOG. Evidence
      also is presented that systemic alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation affect
      vasopressin release primarily by altering baroreceptor tone. The potential role
      of the autonomic nervous system in mediating other nonosmotic stimuli for
      vasopressin is discussed.

PMID- 170551
TI  - Vitamin d and the kidney.
AB  - The biologically active form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is
      produced by the kidney. The biosynthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol from 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol is apparently controlled and important factors in this
      control are dietary calcium and phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone secretion.
      The direct effects of vitamin D and its metabolites on renal function are
      uncertain. Patients with chronic renal failure have defective synthesis of 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol. Uremic patients treated with small doses of 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol show increased
      intestinal calcium absorption and bone healing.

PMID- 170550
TI  - Kidney and calcitonin.
AB  - Calcitonin, whatever its origin, produces a decrease in the renal tubular
      reabsorption of sodium, phosphate and calcium in man and in the rat. Renal
      receptors for calcitonin have been demonstrated in the membranes of rat tubular
      cells using 125I salmon calcitonin as a tracer. Hormone-receptor interaction
      initiates the activation of membrane adenyl cyclase. In the rat and in man, the
      kidney plays a major role in degradation of both human and salmon calcitonin.
      Plasma levels of immunoreactive calcitonin are high in chronic renal failure. The
      question of the physiological role of calcitonin on kidney function is still
      unsettled.

PMID- 170552
TI  - Morphological changes of astrocyte-like cells induced by serum beta-lipoprotein
      in brain cell culture.
AB  - When added to brain cell cultures of newborn rats, serum and, in particular, its
      beta-lipoprotein fraction caused significant morphological transformations of
      astrocyte-like cells present in the culture. The changes were instantaneous as
      they appeared within 1 min after addition of beta-lipoprotein and they were
      characterized by swelling and loss of cellular processes of all astrocyte-like
      cells present. The lipoprotein effect was reversed after a period of about 7 h.
      Since the blood-brain and blood-spinal fluid barrier in multiple sclerosis is
      decreased towards serum macromolecules, i.e. the serum beta-lipoprotein, this
      protein may enter the central nervous system and thereby initiate a demyelinating
      process.

PMID- 170553
TI  - [Immunoglobulin G level in the serum of patients with polyneuropathies].
AB  - In the serum of patients with polyneuropathies of various aetiology the
      immunoglobulin G level was determined quantitatively using the so-called disc
      precipitation test. Fifty serum samples were investigated. The IgG level was
      higher (p less than 0.05) in the group of patients with polyneuropathy as
      compared with the control group. No differences were observed in the IgG level
      between different types of polyneuropathy which may be due to small number of
      cases in various groups.

PMID- 170554
TI  - [Surgical management and therapeutic results in 114 cases of pituitary adenoma].
AB  - In the reported group of 114 cases the overall operative mortality was 3,5% and
      when two incurable cases are escluded this mortality falls to 1,7%. An essential
      change in the management of this disease was abandoning of postoperative
      radiotherapy and increasing of the extent of tumour removal. This decision was
      based on the view that despite weak antigenicity of the neoplasm immune
      mechanisms mobilized after radical operation are sufficient to inhibit or even
      destroy the remaining tumour tissue. In the light of eight years of experience
      with this method it seems that it will pass the test of time.

PMID- 170555
TI  - Effect of intraventricular glutamate on ACTH release.
AB  - Sodium glutamate infused into the 3rd ventricle is a potent stimulus of ACTH
      release, as shown by the rise in plasma corticosterone levels. Glutamate failed
      to consistently increase the plasma corticosterone level in rats with
      deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). We suggest that
      intraventricular glutamate interferes with central nervous function outside the
      MBH and stimulates ACTH release via afferent neural pathways.

PMID- 170557
TI  - Permeability changes of the crayfish muscle produced by beta-guanidinopropionic
      acid and related substances.

PMID- 170556
TI  - EEG-synchronizing effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and 1-hydroxy-3-amino
      pyrrolidone-2 (HA-966) in relation to dopaminergic brain function.

PMID- 170558
TI  - Induction of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in superior cervical ganglia in organ
      culture.

PMID- 170559
TI  - Cytosome morphology and distribution of generalized ceroidlipofuscinosis in a
      twenty-eight month old boy with normal myeloperoxidase activity.
AB  - A brain biopsy obtained from a twenty-eight month old boy with
      ceroidlipofuscinosis was studied by light and electron microscopy. There were
      widespread intracellular deposits of autofluorescent material taking the fat
      stains. Cytoplasmic inclusions were plentiful in neurons, astrocytes, oligocytes,
      M cells and vascular elements. Their substructure ranged from that of variably
      dense aggregates of essentially homogeneous or granular appearance to that of
      miscellaneous collections of lamellar pairs and/or tubular structures of variable
      length. Stacks of 2 to 4 linear profiles with a curved outline were rarely seen
      and then almost exclusively inside cytosomes of endothelial cells. Similar
      observations were made in peripheral nerve, skin and liver biopsies. The granules
      of peripheral blood neutrophilic leukocytes were unremarkable. A small percentage
      of lymphocytes contained granular cytoplasmic bodies not unlike those known to be
      an ordinary feature of some lymphocytes of the average blood sample. However, a
      certain resemblance between these bodies and some of the cytosomes seen in the
      patient's tissues was also apparent. Myeloperoxidase activity was tested with
      paraphenylenediamine and was found to be normal on two occasions. The patient's
      age, cytosome morphology and distribution and results of peroxidase assay add
      special interest to this case of generalized ceroidlipofuscinosis. However, none
      of these features, either singly or in combination, warrants creation of a
      distinct subtype within this group of disorders. Myeloperoxidase deficiency is
      probably just another phenotypical marker of some patients with generalized
      ceroidlipofuscinosis rather than the genetic defect of Batten disease.

PMID- 170560
TI  - [Dyslipidemias and hormones].

PMID- 170561
TI  - [The liver and abnormal lipoproteins].

PMID- 170562
TI  - Adipose tissue metabolism in essential fatty acid deficienty. Effects of
      prostaglandin e1, epinephrine, and ACTH.
AB  - In an effort to better define some of the metabolic changes that accompany
      essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), we studied glucose metabolism in adipose
      tissue of EFAD and normal mice under basal conditions and in the presence of
      prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), epinephrine, and ACTH1-18. Isolated fat cells were
      incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium containing glucose 1(-14C) or 6(
      14C), and the incorporation of radioactive carbon into CO2, total fat, fatty
      acids, and glyceride-glycerol was determined. It was found that EFAD increased
      glucose uptake over controls which could be attributed to increased oxidation to
      CO2 and fatty acid synthesis. The contribution of the pentose cycle to glucose
      oxidation was 50-80% higher in EFAD adipocytes as compared to controls. ACTH1-18
      (0.1 mug/ml) suppressed this by 18 and 30% in the control and EFAD groups,
      respectively, while epinephrine decreased pentose cycle activity by 83 and 55% in
      the two groups, respectively. PGE1 alone had no significant effect, but in
      combination with epinephrine it abolished the inhibitory action of the
      catecholamine in both groups. It is suggested that, although EFA serve as
      prostaglandin precursors, the effects of EFAD on the metabolism of fat cells
      cannot be reversed by PGE1, in vitro. However, these fat cells retain their
      responsiveness to the action of both lipolytic (ACTH and epinephrine) and
      antilipolytic (PGE1) agents.

PMID- 170563
TI  - Dietary carbohydrates and hyperlipemic states in man.

PMID- 170564
TI  - [Hereditary disorders of fructose metabolism. Loading tests with fructose,
      sorbitol and dihydroxyacetone].

PMID- 170565
TI  - [Regulatory mechanisms of enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism].

PMID- 170566
TI  - Hepatic metabolism of pentites.

PMID- 170567
TI  - Food poisoning--four unusual episodes.
AB  - Four unusual outbreaks of food poisoning occurring in the Dunedin Health District
      during the period 1971-1973 are described. These involved a contaminated cordial,
      a death associated with a Clostridium perfringens outbreak, salmonellosis and
      infectious hepatitis in persons eating uncooked shellfish and symptoms associated
      with the ingestion of a normally edible fish--the trumpeter.

PMID- 170568
TI  - Bovine nasal granuloma.

PMID- 170569
TI  - Vaccination of young chickens with live vaccine against some New Zealand isolates
      of infectious bronchitis virus.

PMID- 170570
TI  - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus: experimental attempts at inducing bovine
      abortion with a New Zealand isolate.

PMID- 170571
TI  - Isolation of Marek's disease virus from affected chickens.

PMID- 170572
TI  - Electron microscopic demonstration of hormone-producing metastatic carcinoma of
      the choroid from the bronchus.
AB  - Clinical, laboratory and pathological findings of a patient in bronchial
      carcinoma with choroidal metastasis were presented. X-ray examination of the
      chest suggested the tumor shadow in the posterior segmental bronchus of the right
      upper lobe of the lung (r-B2b), while funduscopy and fluorescein angiography
      revealed the presence of choroidal tumor. ACTH levels in tumor tissues at autopsy
      and in serum were measured and definitely demonstrated and elevated.
      Histopathologically, the primary lesion was r-B2b and diagnosed as a mucocellular
      type of adenocarcinoma. The choroidal lesion was metastatic carcinoma. Electron
      microscopic examination of the choroidal lesion reembedded for electron
      microscopy from celloidin-embedded materials for light microscopy could reveal
      the presence of characteristic cytoplasmic granules referred to as neurosecretory
      type granules. It is extremely rare that a hormone-producing metastatic carcinoma
      of the choroid from the bronchus has been proved.

PMID- 170574
TI  - Mesangial changes of the renal glomerulus in long-term diabetic rats.

PMID- 170573
TI  - [Serological screening of streptococci. Comparison of 2 methods of slide
      agglutination, one with streptolysin alone, the other with several enzymes
      (Streptozymes)].
AB  - Using 100 sera randomly selected, the clinical characteristis of which were
      known, we compared two methods of rapid detection of streptococcal infections by
      slide agglutination. One was the classical latex test for detection of anti
      streptolysin O, the other was the streptozyme test. The latter reagent detects
      the presence of 5 streptococcal antibodies, anti-streptolysin O, anti
      streptokinase, anti-streptohyaluronidase, anti-desoxyribonuclease and anti
      nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotidase. It was found to be more sensitive than the
      latex test, for antistreptolysin O. Estimations of A.S.K. and A.S.H. confirmed
      also the greater specificity of the streptozyme test and showed that, thanks to
      the presence of supplementary enzymes, it may be positive earlier than the A.S.O.
      latex test. Finally, used as a semi-quantitative method, streptozyme is useful to
      follow up approximately in the laboratory, the course of streptococcal
      infections.

PMID- 170575
TI  - Liver glycogenosis. A biochemical and ultrastructural study.

PMID- 170576
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis: histopathologic aspects.
AB  - The main histopathologic features of infectious mononucleosis are described. In
      the lymph nodes, the principal change is the appearance of numerous large
      pyroninophilic cells (immunoblasts), initially expanding the paracortical zone
      but later extending throughout the node. Similar, large lymphoid cells appear as
      infiltrates in many other organs and tissues. Cells morphologically similar to
      Sternberg-Reed cells may be found in the lymph nodes of patients with infectious
      mononucleosis and other conditions apart from Hodgkin's disease. The diagnostic
      importance of considering not only the Sternberg-Reed cells but their milieu is
      stressed. A possible relationship between infectious mononucleosis and
      lymphoreticular malignancy is suggested by a number of observations, but a
      definite etiologic link is yet to be established.

PMID- 170577
TI  - New vistas in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 170578
TI  - The ultrastructure of smooth muscle tumors with a consideration of the possible
      relationship of glomangiomas, hemangiopericytomas, and cardiac myxomas.
AB  - Tumors classified as being of smooth muscle origin by light microscopy were
      studied with the electron microscope. Their ultrastructure verified the diagnosis
      in all of the seven leiomyomas but in only eight of the twelve (66 percent)
      tumors that were finally classified as leiomyosarcoma. The discrepancy of the
      light microscopic and ultrastructural findings in these four sarcomas may be due
      to sampling problems likely to be encountered in poorly differentiated tumors or
      simply the failure of development of specific ultrastructural features in the
      face of a characteristic growth pattern at the light microscopic level. Among
      other tumors that have been considered to be of smooth muscle origin-
      hemangiopericytoma, glomangioma, and cardiac myxoma--only the glomangioma showed
      ultrastructure features identical to those of smooth muscle.

PMID- 170579
TI  - [Galactokinase activity in the umbilical blood as well as in the blood of newborn
      infants and infants during the 1st year of life].

PMID- 170580
TI  - Vaccination against herpes group viruses.

PMID- 170581
TI  - Vaccination against herpesviruses.

PMID- 170582
TI  - [Rectosigmoid angiomatosis. Study of a personal case associated with a minimal
      Klippel-Trenaunay's syndrome].

PMID- 170583
TI  - Commentary on the community mental health approach.

PMID- 170584
TI  - The rehospitalization of discharged schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 170585
TI  - [Poly-epiphyseal dysplasia, probably autosomal recessive. Contribution of the
      ultrastructural study to the discovery of this autonomous form].
AB  - An ultrastructural study of growth cartilage permitted individualization of a
      particular form of polyepiphyseal dysplasia which differs clinically and
      radiologically only slightly from the dominant form. The main difference concerns
      the superior femoral epiphyses which are more flattened and spread out.
      Inclusions, probably of lysosomial origin and containing granulous or filamentous
      material, were observed. This aspect is different from that observed in the
      dominant form and consisting of swellings of the endoplasmic reticulum with a
      suggestion of a periodical structure. The mode of inheritance could not be firmly
      demonstrated. Some degree of consanguinity of the second patient's parents
      favours an autosomal recessive inheritance.

PMID- 170586
TI  - [Application of electron microscopy to the diagnosis of pleural tumors. II.-
      Study of pleural fluids].

PMID- 170587
TI  - [Action of phenytoin on glycoregulation].

PMID- 170588
TI  - [Letter: Possible effect of drepanocytic trait on the medical pathology of adults
      in the Ivory Coast].

PMID- 170590
TI  - Angioscintiphotography with 99mTc in 310 cases of space-occupying kidney lesions.
AB  - Angioscintiphotography with 99mTc has been performed in 310 cases of space
      occupying kidney lesions with the purpose of establishing the diagnostic value of
      the kidney perfusion. In the presence of a neoplasm, a more or less marked blood
      flow in the lesion generally appears as a hot area. This pattern is not observed
      in poor vascularized carcinomas or in Wilms' tumors. The percentage of poorly
      vascularized tumors is moderate and does not affect the value of the method.
      Cystic lesions appear usually to be cold. Large cysts exhibit no uptake; on the
      contrary, the degree of vascularization in the small cysts is more difficult to
      evaluate, as the normally supplied surrounding parenchyma overlaps the cold area
      caused by the cyst. In the evaluation of the angioscintiphotographic picture, we
      must take into account the concomitant hepatic or splenic vascularization, which
      may cause some doubts of interpretation because of projection interferences. The
      renal angioscintiphotography has an important rule in specifying the nature of a
      space-occupying kidney lesion and may be regarded as a useful screening test.

PMID- 170589
TI  - [A cell-line with 27 chromosomes in a human acute leukemia (author's transl)].
AB  - Chromosomal analysis of the bone-marrow aspirate of a five years old girl
      suffering acute leukemia revealed a cell-line carrying 27 chromosomes. Banding by
      controlled heating denaturation showed that, in these cells, all chromosomes are
      haploid, except chromosomes: X, 10, 18, 21. This cell-line, not seen during
      remission, was found during relapse, in addition to another one with 54
      chromosomes. The caryotype of this last clone corresponded to the duplication of
      the chromosome set found in the first cell-line. The authors discuss two
      problems: the possible correlations between the clinical evolution and the
      biological data; the problem raised by the survival and proliferation of such an
      hypodiploid cell-line.

PMID- 170591
TI  - A precise chromatography system for specific technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - New chromatographic procedures are needed to accurately determine the
      radiochemical purity of technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. A
      chromatography system has been developed for technetium-99m
      diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid, technetium-99m diphosphonate, and technetium
      99m pyrophosphate. The technique involves spotting the radiopharmaceuticals on
      instant thin layer chromatography-silica gel and developing with acetone (solvent
      from migrates approximately 12 cm from the origin), air drying, and redeveloping
      the strip in normal saline (solvent front migrates approximately 6 cm from the
      origin). The procedure is simple to perform, rapid, accurate, and clearly
      separates technetium-99m pertechnetate, the technetium-99m radiopharmaceutical,
      and hydrolyzed reduced technetium-99m. It can be applied in most nuclear medicine
      laboratories and has the potential to predict the quality of radionuclide images
      obtained.

PMID- 170592
TI  - [Concentration of 99mTc-tin-phosphate complexes in soft tissues].
AB  - The concentration of 99mTc-pyrophosphate was determined in the lower extremities
      of rabbits (normal, abacterial and bacterial affected soft tissues), in
      osteoarthritis of the hip joint (capsule and muscle) as well as in knee joint
      effusions. Compared with the 85Sr-concentration, reflecting the calcification
      capacity, concentrations of 99mTc-pyrophosphate in soft tissues were found to be
      lower 2 hours p.i., but were up to elevenfold higher 24 hours p.i. These findings
      should be due to a fixation of 99mTc-pyrophosphate in collagen containing tissues
      as in the soft tissue tumors (myosarcoma, synvialioma, breast cancer) presented.
      A mechanism of delayed equilibration could explain augmented uptake in lymph
      edema, ascites and effusions in florid osteoarthritis of the knee joint. The
      possible dependence of 99mTc-pyrophosphate concentration in bone and soft tissue
      on collagenous contents is discussed.

PMID- 170593
TI  - Rat hepatoma cells nucleolar DNA. 2. Analysis of nucleolar DNA.
AB  - The analysis by CsCl density gradient of nucleolar DNA has revealed that the
      1.700 g/cm3 main component can be subdivided in three subcomponents with buoyant
      densities of 1.707 g/cm3, 1.700 g/cm3, 1.690 g/cm3. The 1.707 g/cm3 and 1.690
      g/cm3 components contain all the repetitive sequences which comprise 15 % of the
      total nucleolar DNA. The ribosomal cistrons are found in components having
      buoyant density between 1.707 g/cm3 and 1.725 g/gm3. Sodium-p-aminosalicylate-DNA
      interactions have revealed that only the 1.700 g/cm3 fraction has a destabilized
      secondary structure. The possible localization of these different fractions on
      peri and intranucleolar fractions is discussed.

PMID- 170594
TI  - Rat hepatoma cells nucleolar DNA. II. A possible model of nucleolar DNA
      organisation.
AB  - A model of nucleolar DNA organization has been established. Three clearly defined
      main components are found in ascites hepatoma cell nucleolar DNA by CsCl gradient
      analysis. A linear arrangement for nucleolar DNA and a model of DNA organization
      in the neighbourhood of a set of ribosomal genes, which may play a fundamental
      role in the elaboration of nucleolar chromatin tertiary structure, are presented.

PMID- 170595
TI  - Polynucleotides. XXXII. Further studies on the synthesis of oligonucleotides
      containing 8,2'-S-cycloadenosine.
AB  - A dinucleoside monophosphate, 8,2'-anhydro-8-mercapto-9-beta-D
      arabinofuranosyladenine phosphoryl-(3'-5')-inosine (AspI) was synthesized by the
      condensation of protected 8-mercapto-adenosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 2',3'
      isopropylideneinosine with diphenylphosphorochloridate. 8-Mercaptoadenosine 2',3'
      cyclic phosphate was polymerized by using tetraphenyl pyrophosphate as the
      condensing reagent. As oligonucleotides, thus obtained, contained some uncyclized
      8-mercaptoadenosine residues and were cleaved at these sites with 0.3N KOH. As 5'
      phosphate was synthesized and polymerized with DCC to give oligonucleotides with
      chain lengths 2 to 9.

PMID- 170596
TI  - Temperature dependence of strand separation of the DNA molecules containing
      integrated SV40 DNA in transformed cells.
AB  - It has previously been demonstrated that the DNA molecules containing a genetic
      marker from one region of a bacterial genome undergo complete strand separation
      at temperatures usually different from the molecules containing a genetic marker
      from another region of the genome. The experiments also showed that if a group of
      molecules undergo complete strand separation over a narrow temperature range, of
      the order of one to three degrees, it is highly likely that they all come from
      one region of the bacterial genome. The purpose of the work reported here was to
      establish appropriate procedures for doing a similar analysis of the DNA
      molecules containing the integrated SV40 DNA in transformed mouse cells. One
      result of interest is that in the 11A8 cell line about 40 per cent of the
      integrated SV40 DNA detectable by an RNA-DNA hybridization assay can be accounted
      for by a group of molecules which undergo complete strand separation within a 1.0
      degree C interval.

PMID- 170597
TI  - Higher nervous activity-2. Human behaviour.

PMID- 170598
TI  - No bed for the night.

PMID- 170599
TI  - Herpesvirus genitalis: a nursing perspective.

PMID- 170600
TI  - Gout and other crystalline forms of arthritis.

PMID- 170601
TI  - [Mucinous tracheal adenoma with pseudo-asthma (author's transl)].

PMID- 170602
TI  - The preparation of a bacterial collagenase containing negligible non-specific
      protease activity.
AB  - A three stage procedure for the purification of crude bacterial collagenase is
      described. The three stages were ion exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex and
      DEAE-cellulose, followed by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The
      end product was eluted from Sephadex G-200 as a single peak of absorbance at 280
      nm, and a single zone of activity against gelatin. The active eluate was divided
      into two halves, designated fraction 1 and 2 collagenase. Their activities were
      greater than those of commercially available collagenases when assayed
      viscometrically against pepsin solubilized collagen from guinea-pig skins. The
      non-specific protease activities in both fractions were much less than in the
      commercially available purified collagenases, and fraction 1 collagenase
      liberated only 2.6% of a [3H]-tryptophan label from a substrate of 2 mg of
      labelled chick embryo proteins, after an 18 hour incubation. When polymeric
      collagen was incubated with fraction 1 collagenase, at a final enzyme : substrate
      ratio of 1:160, the collagen was digested, resulting in the loss of 99.8%
      hydroxyproline as dialysable material.

PMID- 170603
TI  - Transformation by polyoma virus alters expression of a cell mutation affecting
      cycle traverse.
AB  - A temperature-sensitive mutant of hamster BHK 21/13 cells, tsAF8, which at 39
      degrees becomes arrested in the G1 (G0) phase of the cell cycle, is
      phenotypically altered with respect to temperature sensitivity after
      transformation with polyoma virus. Polyoma transformation does not produce
      reversion to a non-temperature-sensitive phenotype but causes increased entry
      into S and increased rate of cell death at the nonpermissive temperature,
      compared to untransformed tsAF8 cells. The increased frequency of cells
      synthesizing DNA is not accompanied by an increased frequency of mitosis, since
      most of the polyoma-transformed tsAF8 cells that synthesize DNA at the
      nonpermissive temperature do not divide. At the permissive temperature, polyoma
      transformed tsAF8 cells, unlike tsAF8, also lose viability when exposed to other
      methods of arresting cells in G1. The most likely explanation for this phenomenon
      is that polyoma virus transformation interferes with the cellular response to
      this mutation as well as to other conditions that cause cell cycle arrest in G1.

PMID- 170604
TI  - Coupled in vitro transcription and translation of vesicular stomatitis virus
      messenger RNA.
AB  - The virion transcriptase (nucleosidetriphosphate: RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC
      2.7.7.6) of vesicular stomatitis virus was fully active when ribonucleoprotein
      cores from purified virions were added to cell-free protein synthesizing systems
      of eukaryotic origin. Synthesis of mRNA was linear for at least 3 hr and the
      newly synthesized viral mRNA was efficiently utilized for the synthesis of viral
      proteins N (nucleoprotein), NS, and M (matrix); small amounts of a putative G
      (glycoprotein protein precursor and several unidentified polypeptides were
      regularly synthesized. The ratio of the various newly synthesized viral proteins
      was identical after different periods of coupled mRNA and protein synthesis.
      Identical proteins were obtained when the cell-free protein synthesizing systems
      were programmed with purified VSV mRNA synthesized in vitro. No detectable L
      protein was synthesized, even though transcripts complementary to the complete
      viral genome were detectable in the mRNA preparation by hybridization.

PMID- 170605
TI  - Characterization of purified DNA-relaxing enzyme from human tissue culture cells.
AB  - Superhelical simian virus 40 DNA migrates more rapidly during electrophoresis in
      agarose gels than covalently closed DNA free of superhelical turns (relaxed DNA).
      The difference in electrophoretic mobility between superhelical and relaxed DNA
      was used to monitor the activity of a protein from human tissue culture cells
      which converts superhelical DNA into relaxed DNA. Purified DNA-relaxing protein
      removes both negative and positive superhelical turns and acts in a catalytic
      manner. The relaxation of DNA proceeds in a stepwise fashion and DNA
      intermediates with decreasing numbers of superhelical turns are seen during the
      course of the reaction.

PMID- 170606
TI  - Homology and relationship between the genomes of papovaviruses, BK virus and
      simian virus 40.
AB  - A number of hybridization techniques have been used to assess the homology
      between the genomes of BK virus (BKV) and simian virus 40 (SV40). A noncontiguous
      set of homologous sequences has been localized primarily within the late region
      of the SV40 genome, and these sequences presumably account for the cross-reaction
      between V-antigens of the two viruses. The reason for the relatively strong
      crossreaction between SV40 and BKV T-antigens is still unclear. The sequence
      homology and similarity in genomic organization suggest a close relationship
      between these papovaviruses.

PMID- 170608
TI  - Interaction of f1 histone with superhelical DNA.
AB  - The superhelicity of double-stranded, closed circular SV40 DNA was altered by the
      addition of various amounts of ethidium bromide. The interaction of f1 histone
      with the series of molecules of various superhelicities was studied. The extent
      of interaction increases with increasing superhelicity regardless of whether it
      is of the positive or negative sense. The interaction of f1 histone with
      superhelical DNA is shown to be reversible.

PMID- 170607
TI  - RNAs of simian virus 40 in productively infected monkey cells: kinetics of
      formation and decay in enucleate cells.
AB  - We demonstrate here the usefulness of cytochalasin B enucleate cells for the
      study of the metabolism of cytoplasmic mRNA and for determining its half-life in
      animal cells. Simian virus 40 infected monkey cells in which the RNA had been
      labeled with [3H]uridine were enucleated, and the decay of the two prominent RNAs
      of simian virus 40, the 19S and 16S species, was measured by analysis on sucrose
      gradients. The results of these experiments, together with kinetic analysis of
      nuclear and cytoplasmic viral RNA, indicate a precursor-product relationship
      between the 19S and 16S cytoplasmic viral RNA species, which decay by first-order
      kinetics with a mean half-life of about 3 hr and 6 hr, respectively.

PMID- 170609
TI  - Separation of "estrogen-induced" protein from phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
      of immature rat uterus.
AB  - Preparations of the "induced protein" which appears in the rat uterus within 40
      min of estradiol administration have recently been reported to contain
      phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.16)
      activity. We found that these two proteins distribute differently on ammonium
      sulfate fractionation of uterine cytosol. Preparative cellulose acetate
      electrophoresis afforded complete (greater than 99.9%) separation of
      phosphoprotein phosphatase activity from the induced protein. The specific
      activity of phosphoprotein phosphatase in uterine cytosol was unchanged 1, 4, 12,
      or 24 hr after estradiol administration. These results are incompatible with the
      view that the induced protein mediates estrogen action by virtue of an inherent
      phosphoprotein phosphatase activity.

PMID- 170610
TI  - Association of mouse liver adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      levels with histocompatibility-2 genotype.
AB  - When the content of cyclic AMP (cAMP) was compared in livers of a series of
      congenic mouse strains differing at the H-2 locus, significant variation in
      concentration of cAMP per unit wet weight was found among strains, and also for
      animals of a given strain with increasing age. For a given age, from 8 to 22
      weeks, cAMP levels in liver of H-2a and H-2b genotype animals were significantly
      higher than that in liver of H-2k type animals. This difference was seen whether
      the H-2 gene was on the genetic background of strain C57BL/10, C3H, or A. Levels
      of cAMP in livers of H-2d animals were between those of H-2a and H-2k animals.

PMID- 170611
TI  - Relationship of the first step in protein synthesis to ppGpp: formation of
      A(5')ppp(5')Gpp.
AB  - In the presence of purified Escherichia coli lysyl-tRNA synthetase [L
      lysine:tRNALys ligase (AMP-forming) EC 6.1.1.6], L-lysine, and ATP, addition of
      the nucleotide ppGpp results in formation of a unique product-A(5')ppp(5') Gpp.
      The same compound is also formed very rapidly in a cell-free protein-synthesizing
      system when ppGpp is added. The possible significance of this reaction in the
      rapid turnover of ppGpp and as a more general mechanism by which an AMP residue
      is activated and introduced onto a 5'-diphosphorylated species, including the 5'
      end of an RNA, is further discussed.

PMID- 170612
TI  - Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities: I.
      Radiation-induced changes in growth rate characteristics of a solid tumor model.
AB  - A computer program has been developed to quantitatively evaluate changes in tumor
      growth rates of a solid tumor model (hepatoma 3924A) after a series of radiation
      doses from 375 R to 3750 R. The computer-derived growth curves are simulated from
      the volumes of the individual tumors rather than from the mean tumor volume at
      any specific time point after treatment. The ability to generate data from a
      family of tumor growth curves permits a more precise evaluation of therapeutic
      effects on tumors than can be obtained with conventional methods. The
      quantitative determination of equivalent amounts of radiation needed to produce
      comparable 5-fluorouracil-induced changes in tumor growth rate has been made. The
      ability to determine quantitatively radiotherapeutic and chemotherapy equivalents
      on these solid tumor models has direct implications in regard to our effort to
      improve the treatment of cancer. At present no specific solid tumor or groups of
      solid tumors have provided all of the necessary information for clinical
      utilization in therapeutic scheduling of different forms of cancer treatment.
      Since solid tumors comprise the majority of human cancer, one of the primary
      objectives of these studies has been the establishment of a solid tumor model
      that could serve both as a system for devising improved therapeutic scheduling
      and for a better understanding of solid tumors.

PMID- 170613
TI  - Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates estradiol-17beta synthesis in cultured
      Sertoli cells.
AB  - Sertoli cells isolated from testes of 20-day-old rats and maintained in primary
      culture synthesized estradiol-17beta [1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17beta-diol]
      (measured by specific radioimmunoassay) when testosterone (17beta-hydroxy-4
      androsten-3-one) 0.5 muM, was added to the culture medium. No detectable
      estradiol synthesis occurred when cells were incubated in medium containing
      pregnenolone (3beta-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one), 0.5 muM, or containing no added
      steroid substrate. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (NIH-FSH-S10, 5 mug/ml)
      stimulated estradiol synthesis 12- to 80-fold when added to medium containing
      testosterone, but not when added to medium containing pregnenolone or no
      exogenous steroid substrate. A highly purified FSH preparation, with FSH potency
      50 times that of the NIH-FSH, caused a similar stimulation at a concentration of
      0.25 mug/ml of medium, whereas luteinizing hormone (NIH-LH-S18, 5 MUG/ML) Caused
      only marginal stimulation. Dibutyryl-adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate, 0.1
      mM, caused a 30-fold increase in estradiol synthesis by Sertoli cells cultured in
      medium containing testosterone. These studies provide direct demonstration of
      estradiol-17beta production by Seroli cells from normal animals, and offer
      evidence that the synthesis of this steroid is regulated at the level of the
      aromatizing enzyme system by FSH and adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate.

PMID- 170614
TI  - Appearance of smaller mannosyl-glycopeptides on the surface of a human cell
      transformed by simian virus 40.
AB  - When fucosyl surface glycopeptides from growing normal human cells (WI 38) were
      compared with those derived from nongrowing cells the former were enriched in
      high-molecular-weight species. However, a line of human cells (WI 18Va)
      transformed by simian virus 40 appeared to have fucosyl-glycopeptides similar in
      size distribution to those from rapidly growing non-transformed cells (WI 38). I
      propose that the enrichment in high molecular weight species in these cells might
      be growth- rather than transformation-dependent. Using radioactive mannose to
      label surface glycopeptides, I observed that those derived from transformed cells
      (WI 18Va) were smaller than those from rapidly growing normal cells. Thus
      differences in size distribution may not be adequate criteria to evaluate the
      growth-dependent alterations in cell surface glycopeptides.

PMID- 170615
TI  - New histones found in mature mammalian testes.
AB  - Two new histones have been found in sexually mature testes of several mammals.
      The new histones have been identified as a new F1 (TF1) and F2b (TF2b) on the
      basis of their behavior upon chemical fractionation procedures and
      electrophoresis at several urea concentrations. The new testis-specific histones
      are absent in very immature animals and in somatic tissues. However, by day 20,
      in the rat, the histone pattern is that of the adult, displaying nearly a full
      complement of TF1 and TF2b. The new histone complement evidently is
      characteristic of prespermatid germ cells. The degree of evolutionary variations
      in these histones and in other basic sperm proteins, as detected by change in
      electrophoretic mobility, appears to be much greater than that seen in somatic
      histones.

PMID- 170617
TI  - Growth of the cartilages of the cranial base: preliminary studies on Rattus
      norvegiuus.

PMID- 170616
TI  - Initiation of cell proliferation in cultured mouse fibroblasts by prostaglandin
      F2alpha.
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha added to quiescent Swiss mouse 3T3 cell cultures
      initiates DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in a small proportion of the
      cells. Insulin, which markedly potentiates the effect of PGF2alpha on the
      initiation of cell division when added with PGF2alpha, causes a simultaneous
      reduction in intracellular cyclic AMP and an increase in cyclic GMP
      concentrations similar to those observed after serum addition. Prostaglandins E1
      and E2 are less effective than PGF2alpha in initiating DNA synthesis and this
      effect is only observed at higher concentrations. Therefore, some prostaglandins
      can act as extracellular factors to regulate cell proliferation.

PMID- 170618
TI  - Suprapapillary carcinoma of duodenum.

PMID- 170619
TI  - C-type particles in baboon placenta.

PMID- 170620
TI  - Transmission of human leukaemia to nonhuman primates.
AB  - The experiments described show that inoculation of two monkey species, M.
      arctoides and P. hamadryas, with human leukaemic blood or its filtrates causes a
      viral disease with the characteristics of malignant lymphoma of mixed type. The
      disease was passed in subsequent passages. The virus was isolated and identified
      as an oncornavirus of C-type by its characteristic morphological appearance and
      buoyant density (1.16 g/cm3 in sucrose and 1.21 g/cm3 in caesium chloride), and
      by the presence of 60-70S RNA and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. There is some
      evidence that it differs immunologically from other known oncornaviruses of
      mammals including primates. It is postulated that both horizontal and vertical
      transmission of this oncornavirus can occur.

PMID- 170621
TI  - A review of primate herpes viruses.

PMID- 170622
TI  - Splenocyte plaque assay for the detection of murine leukemia virus.
AB  - A modified XC assay for murine leukemia virus (MuLV) employing splenocytes taken
      directly from the animal is described. This modification can be more than 1000
      times more sensitive than XC plaque assays employing tissue extracts. This
      technique should lend itself readily to the quantitation of infectious MuLV in
      defined populations of lymphoid cells.

PMID- 170623
TI  - Transplatation resistance to adenovirus-induced hepatocellular carcinomas.
AB  - Two transplantable hepatic carcinomas of the hamster contained CELO virus-induced
      TSTA, confirming the etiological role of this avian adenovirus in the induction
      of hepatic tumors. Transplantation resistnace could not be induced with oncogenic
      adenoviruses of human, simian, or canine origin.

PMID- 170624
TI  - Concerning the subcellular distribution of 3beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase/isomerase in the rat adrenal.
AB  - The distribution of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase in the
      subcellular fractions of rat adrenal gland has been determined. Based on the
      total activity found, 55% was in the microsomal fraction, 10% in the heavy
      mitochondrial fraction, 3% in the light-mitochondrial fraction and 26% in the
      fraction consisting of cell-debris plus nuclei. Ninety-five percent of the total
      activity was recovered in the fractions. Approximately half the activity in the
      heavy-mitochondrial fraction could be accounted for by microsomal contamination.

PMID- 170625
TI  - Antibody titers by mixed agglutination to varicella-zoster, herpes simplex and
      vaccinia viruses in patients with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Antibody titers to varicella-zoster (V-Z), herpes simplex (HSV) and vaccinia
      viruses were determined in sera collected in Buffalo, NY, from patients with
      multiple sclerosis (MS), patients with other diseases, and normal individuals.
      The mixed agglutination test employing cell cultures infected with one of the
      above viruses as a source of antigen was used to determine antibody titers. The
      geometric mean titer (GMT) for V-Z in 59 MS cases was significantly higher than
      that observed in patients with other diseases and in normal individuals. The GMT
      for vaccinia was also higher in MS patients but the difference was not as great
      as for V-Z. No difference was observed in the titer of antibodies for HSV.
      Similar results were obtained for 51 MS patients compared to healthy controls
      matched for sex and age. Higher antibody titers for V-Z and HSV were observed in
      cerebrospinal fluids from MS cases than in those from non-MS CNS patients in
      Baltimore, MD. Antibodies to V-Z, HSV and vaccinia were detected in washing
      fluids from brain homogenates of MS cases.

PMID- 170626
TI  - Growth inhibitory and arginase activities in liver and hepatoma extracts.
AB  - The growth-inhibitory activity against H.Ep. No 2 cells observed in phosphate
      buffer extracts of rat liver appears to be due to the enzyme, arginase. This
      conclusion is based on the findings that (1) extracts of hepatomas containing
      lower levels of the enzyme also contain less inhibitory activity; (2) partial
      purification of the inhibitory factor results in a similar purification of the
      enzyme; (3) molecular weights of the enzyme and of the inhibitory factor are
      similar; and (4) various treatments alter the enzyme and inhibitory activities
      similarly.

PMID- 170627
TI  - Poly (adnenosine diphosphoribose) synthase activity of isolated nuclei of normal
      and leukemic leukocytes.
AB  - Poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) (ADPR) synthase activities of nuclei isolated
      from normal human and leukemic leukocytes were assayed by incubation with
      radioactive NAD+. The synthase activity of leukemic leukocyte nuclei was
      significantly higher than that of normal leukocyte nuclei. The average length of
      polymers formed by isolated leukemic nuclei under the prescribed experimental
      condition ranged from 3.1 to 5.3 ADPR residues per chain, while those produced by
      normal leukocytes nuclei was 1.7 and 2.6 residues per chain. Isolated leukemic
      and normal leukocyte nuclei were incubated with and without NAD+ and the ability
      to carry out DNA synthesis was measured. The endogenous DNA synthesis of NAD
      treated and untreated nuclei was the same. This finding parallels the result
      obtained with Novikoff hepatoma cell nuclei and differs from the observation with
      rat liver or testis nuclei.

PMID- 170628
TI  - The continuum of sedation, excitation and hypnosis induced by pentobarbital.

PMID- 170629
TI  - Facilitation of synaptic transmission by thiazides and congeners.

PMID- 170630
TI  - Evolutionary role of neuromelanin.

PMID- 170631
TI  - Dibutyryl cAMP involvement in experimental mammary tumor growth.

PMID- 170632
TI  - Antiviral-anticancer activity of tobacco leaf and the smoke condensate.

PMID- 170633
TI  - [Studies on the mixing of eutectic forming drugs. 2].

PMID- 170634
TI  - A clinical evaluation of a sodium fluoride dentifrice.
AB  - A double-blind study to determine the anticaries efficacy of a neutral pH
      dentifrice containing sodium fluoride and a high Beta-phase calcium pyrophosphate
      was conducted among elementary school children in Kansas City, Missouri. A sample
      of 567 children ages 8-13 were recruited and randomly assigned to test and
      control groups: the test group received a sodium fluoride  high Beta-phase
      calcium pyrophosphate dentifrice, and the control group received a calcium
      pyrophosphate dentifrice without the active ingredient. The sodium fluoride
      dentifrice contained fluoride at the level of 1000 ppm. Caried examinations were
      conducted at initiation, after 12 months, and again after 24 months at the
      study's termination. All examinations (clinical and radiographic) were performed
      by the same investigator. At 12 months the sodium fluoride dentifrice
      demonstrated a caries reduction of 24.1% (DMFS). At 24 months the reduction
      demonstrated was 30.1% (DMFS); this reduction is significant at alpha = 0.05.

PMID- 170635
TI  - Time-dependent variations in aversively motivated behaviors: nonassociative
      effects of cholinergic and catecholaminergic activity.

PMID- 170636
TI  - Incubation as a form of psychotherapy in the care of patients in ancient and
      modern Greece.
AB  - Incubation or temple sleep in sanctuaries of Aesculapius, Amphiaraos, Trophonios,
      etc., for the care of patients was practised even in the older times of ancient
      Greece and may be viewed as a form of psychotherapy and especially as 'dream
      psychotherapy'. In Greek antiquity, as it is known, dreams were considered as a
      way of communication between gods and men. Survival of the custom of incubation
      exists even in our times in modern Greece, but are disappearing slowly. An
      attempt is made to find an explanation, if any, of those miraculous cures in
      accordance with the scientific thought of today.

PMID- 170637
TI  - The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute asthma.
AB  - A study of 23 patients admitted to hospital with severe acute asthma is reported
      in which plasma cortisol level on admission was significantly correlated with the
      degree of acidaemia and pulse rate. Patients who had not previously received
      treatment with corticosteroids responded satisfactorily to repeated daily
      injections of tetracosactrin depot, the rate of improvement being comparable to
      that observed in other patients treated with intravenous hydrocortisone
      hemisuccinate. A prompt and sustained rise in plasma cortisol was also seen
      following tetracosactrin. The total daily dose of hydrocortisone required to
      achieve plasma cortisol levels above 100 mug/100 ml was less when given by
      continuous intravenous infusion compared with intermittent injections, and a
      regime of 3 mg/kg body weight every six hours by infusion appeared satisfactory.
      Most patients reported subjective improvement by about four hours after starting
      treatment but objective evidence did not appear until about six hours from the
      start. Measurements of FEV1 and FVC proved to be the most reliable indices of the
      beginning of improvement although pulse rate was the first index to show maximum
      improvement. Previous maintenance treatment with corticosteroids in patients with
      asthma did not appear materially to affect the plasma half-life of intravenous
      hydrocortisone (4 mgm/kg body weight) when compared with healthy subjects or
      other patients with asthma who had not previously been treated with
      corticosteroids.

PMID- 170638
TI  - Non-healing granuloma and the nervous system.
AB  - Three cases of non-healing granuloma with neurological complications are
      described. One case suffered from Stewart's form of the disease and two from
      Wegener's variety. The literature is extensively reviewed and the incidence and
      manner of neurological involvement in 374 cases is discussed. We suggest a
      classification to indicate four forms of nervous system involvement. First,
      granulomatous lesions of the central nervous system. Second, vasculitis of the
      central nervous system. Third, vasculitis of the peripheral nervous system and
      fourth, infection of the central nervous system. Of all cases 21 per cent had
      some form of neurological complication. Wegener's type showed more frequent
      neurological involvement that Stewart's, 26-5 and 12 per cent respectively.
      Infection of the central nervous system was limited to cases of the Stewart
      variety.

PMID- 170639
TI  - Radiologic approach to the pancreas. A decade of progress.
AB  - Radiologic diagnosis of the pancreas has undergone great progress in recent years
      and several valuable techniques are now available for examining the pancreas.
      Employed singly or in various combinations, as indicated by the individual
      patient's clinical and laboratory findings, they make possible an accurate
      diagnosis of pancreatic disease.

PMID- 170640
TI  - Inactive malignant endocrine tumors of the pancreas.
AB  - The angiographic pattern of four non-active endocrine tumors is reported. Three
      of the tumors were highly vascular and had a characteristic angiographic
      appearance as observed in a few case reports in the literature. One tumor was
      angiographically avascular with irregularly scattered calcifications. Similar
      calcifications in a malignant tumor of the pancreas causing the Zollinger-Ellison
      syndrome are presented. Hypervascular tumor tissue was observed in the periphery
      of the calcification. The types of calcification and angiographic characteristics
      are of diagnostic importance in the differential diagnosis between endocrine
      tumors and other highly vascular tumors of the pancreas.

PMID- 170641
TI  - Phlebography of the pancreatic veins.
AB  - Transumbilical and percutaneous transhepatic catheterization is performed of
      pancreatic veins. The normal phlebographic anatomy is reported together with the
      findings in patients with carcinoma of the pancreas. Selective catheterization of
      pancreatic veins with hormone essay for tumor localization is performed in two
      patients with islet cell tumor of the pancreas. The authors suggest this to be a
      valuable method in the diagnosis of endocrine tumors of the pancreas.

PMID- 170642
TI  - Demonstration of growing casts of hepatocellular carcinoma in the portal vein by
      celiac angiography: The thread and streaks sign.
AB  - In 9 of 112 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) examined by selective
      celiac and hepatic arteriography, an unusual finding, the "thread and streaks"
      sign, was observed. It began to appear shortly after the start of injection and
      was most clearly seen at 3.0-3.5 seconds. Histopathologic and radiographic
      studies of excised livers have demonstrated that these thin streaks correspond to
      the blood spaces and vessels which run longitudinally in and around a tumor cast
      growing in a large branch and trunk of the portal vein.

PMID- 170643
TI  - Selective carotid angiography in the diagnosis of fibrous histiocytoma. A case
      report.
AB  - Selective carotid angiography is of value in the diagnosis of an orbital fibrous
      histiocytoma, an uncommon tumor with a high local recurrence rate and frequent
      distant metastases. The angiogram shows the physical extent of the tumor and also
      suggests its general microscopic anatomy. Comparison is made with similar
      angiographic presentations seen in cerebellar hemangioblastomas, glomus tumors,
      meningiomas, and hemangiopericytomas.

PMID- 170644
TI  - Treatment of locally recurrent carcinoma of the nasopharynx.
AB  - Forty-two patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the primary site
      and/or neck nodes were treated at the University of California, San Francisco,
      between 1940 and 1974. Sixty-nine per cent of the recurrences appeared within 3
      years and 83% within 5 years after initial treatment. Retreatment included
      external radiotherapy and/or intercavitary radium or cobalt beads in the majority
      of cases. The actuarial survival rate was 41% at 5 years after first recurrence.
      Survival rates increased proportionally with increasing time between initial
      treatment and recurrence. There was no statistically significant difference in
      survival rates with respect to age, sex, race, or histology. Local soft-tissue or
      bone necrosis developed in 9 patients, but both conditions were tolerated well.

PMID- 170646
TI  - [Cholesterol C20-C22 lyase (author's transl)].

PMID- 170645
TI  - [Hydrogenase (author's transl)].

PMID- 170647
TI  - [Biosynthesis of folic acid and biopterin (author's transl)].

PMID- 170648
TI  - [Origin of rodent sarcoma viruses and characteristics of the genome RNA (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 170649
TI  - Effects of arachidonic acid on RNA metabolism in mammary gland explants of mice.
AB  - Arachidonic acid stimulated 3H-uridine incorporation into RNA in mammary gland
      explants of mice in a manner similar to that of prolactin. The onset of the
      effects of both prolactin and arachidonic acid occurred following a 2-4 hour lag
      period. Further, effects of maximally stimulatory concentrations of these agents
      were nonadditive. Finally, indomethacin abolished the effects of both prolactin
      and arachidonic acid. A tenable hypothesis to explain these data is that the
      action of prolactin in the mammary gland may be mediated by an increased
      availability of arachidonic acid followed by a subsequent enhanced rate of
      formation of the prostaglandins.

PMID- 170650
TI  - [Effect of infectious diseases on levels of pertussis antibodies in children
      vaccinated against pertussis].

PMID- 170651
TI  - Immunologic phagocytosis by macrophages: effect of cholinergic drugs and cyclic
      GMP.

PMID- 170652
TI  - Effect of antithymocyte serum of murine cytomegalovirus emcephalitis in weanling
      mice.
AB  - The symptomatology and histopathological picture were studied in weanling mice
      inoculated intracerebrally with MCMV and treated with ATS. Increased mortality
      was observed and fatal encephalopathy developed. Lesions in the brain included
      areas of necrosis with neuronal degeneration without marked inflammatory cell
      response until the 21st day after infection. In contrast, the brain of mice
      inoculated with virus alone or with virus and treated with NSH showed
      perivascular cuffs and focal infiltration with little or no evidence of loss of
      neurons. These observations suggest that the degenerative lesions in the brain
      are directly related to virus multiplication and that the inflammatory response
      is beneficial rather than detrimental.

PMID- 170653
TI  - [Adenovirus and whooping cough].

PMID- 170654
TI  - [Diagnosis of whooping cough by direct immunofluorescence].

PMID- 170655
TI  - [Changes in the enteroviruses, their antibodies and poliomyelitis in Chile during
      the last 20 years].

PMID- 170656
TI  - [Secretory tumor of beta-pancreatic cells. Comments of a case].

PMID- 170657
TI  - [Evolution of the liver glycogen during the embryonic and postnatal period of the
      chick embryo, action of ACTH (author's transl)].

PMID- 170658
TI  - Isolation procedures and partial characterization of mitochondrial ribosomes from
      Yoshida ascites hepatoma A.H. 130 cells.

PMID- 170659
TI  - [Rheumatology in 1971-72-73-74].

PMID- 170660
TI  - [Hormonal physiology of the breast].

PMID- 170661
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory agents in current therapeutics].

PMID- 170662
TI  - [Value and limitatious of scintigraphy of the sacro-iliac joints using technetium
      pyrophosphate].
AB  - Scintigraphic exploration of the sacroiliac (S.I.) joints by 99 m-technetium
      pyrophosphate is simple and free of all danger. The fixation of the isotope in
      the right sacroiliac (R.S.I.) and the "normal" limits of the fixation ratios
      R.S.I./L.R. and the lumbar rachis (L.R.), visible on the same film. A series of
      28 controls having made it possible to calculate the "normal" limits of the
      fixation ratios R.S.I./L.R. and L.S.I./L.R., the isotopic fixation was measured
      in 25 patients with sacroiliac inflammation, 21 of whom were rheumatic, 3
      infectious. It was shown that scintigraphy could yield useful information on the
      evolution of sacroiliac inflammation, making an early diagnosis possible, and
      also contributing to differentiation between rheumatic and infectious
      inflammation.

PMID- 170663
TI  - [Relationship between avascular necrosis and lipid and purine metabolisms].
AB  - The serum levels of uric acid, triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipoproteins were
      determined in 35 patients suffering from primary avascular necrosis. The results
      were compared with those of a control group and with those of patients suffering
      from gout. The frequency distribution of the results in the three groups was of
      the log-normal type and statistical calculations were made on logarithmic
      transformations of the serum values. In comparison with the control group,
      significant increases in the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, pre-beta
      lipoproteins, and uric acid were observed in patients presenting an avascular
      necrosis. No significant differences were observed between these patients and
      patients with gout in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins. Uricaemia was higher
      in the gout patients. Contrary to observations made on the gout patients, there
      was no correlation in the avascular necrosis patients between the uric acid level
      and the serum levels of lipids or lipoproteins. In an earlier study the authors
      put forward an hypothesis according to which the close relationship between the
      lipid and purine metabolisms in gout patients was due to a genetic linkage based
      on a common enzyme defect, which directly affected the two metabolisms. In
      avascular necrosis there is no common enzyme defect; the initial event is a
      disturbance in the lipid metabolism. The authors conclude with data which tend to
      show that the bone necrosis observed in patients using steroids or alcohol is not
      directly induced by these substances, but that once again the initial event is a
      disturbance in the lipid metabolism.

PMID- 170664
TI  - [Use of new osteotropic isotopes in osteoarticular diseases, with special
      reference to phlogistic arthropathies].
AB  - By using an osteotropic complex (99mTc pyrophosphate) scintigraphic and
      scintiphotographic images were obtained with a view to studying the bone changes
      in inflammatory arthropathies. In rheumatoid arthritis there is an increase in
      radioactivity next to affected joints and this phenomenon which seems to contrast
      with the osteoporosis of the juxta-articular regions is confirmed, since the
      reduced density that is observed in the radiograms is a result of the lack of
      equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption, but only if these two
      processes are proceeding actively. The "warm" zones, which are very close to the
      joints, are just as easy to see in relation to inflamed joints as they are in
      relation to joints in which the inflammation has ceased. Not all the inflamed
      joints accumulate the radioactive osteotropic complex. The bone changes can occur
      in cases of chronic inflammatory arthropathies only if the inflammation has been
      present for at least several months. The images obtained with the polyphosphate
      correspond to those that can be obtained with other calcium-mimetic and
      osteotropic isotopes (Sr etc.).

PMID- 170665
TI  - [A rare dental abnormality: "the phantom tooth" or "odontodysplasia". Apropos of
      a case].
AB  - "Phantom tooth" or "odontodysplasia" is one of the most unusual and rare of
      dental abnormalities, being characterised: Clinically, by the topography of the
      lesions, the involvement of both sets of teeth and abnormalities in the size and
      form of the teeth which remain unrupted or only partially evolved.
      Radiologically, by transparency of the teeth to X-rays. Histologically, by
      disorganisation of the dental structures and a highly characteristic appearance
      of the enamel and, in particular, dentine. On the basis of one case, the authors
      review in detail each aspect of these characteristics, paying special attention
      to histology and the information obtained using the sweep electron microscope.

PMID- 170666
TI  - Trypsin activation of latent collagenase from several mammalian sources.
AB  - Latent collagenase, subject to activation by trypsin, was found in culture fluids
      of cells and tissues from several mammalian sources. The activation requires
      exposure to enzymatically active trypsin and cannot be achieved by inhibited or
      by heat-inactivated trypsin.

PMID- 170668
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibility of Clostridium species isolated from human infections.
AB  - In antibacterial susceptibility testing by the agar plate dilution method with
      252 strains of Clostridium perfringens, 22 strains of C. novyi type A and 7 of C.
      novyi type B, with 21 strains of C. bifermentans, 12 strains of C. sordellii and
      18 of C. sporogenes, the majority of the strains were inhibited by penicillin G,
      cephalothin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tinidazole and metronidazole.
      Resistance to lincomycin and clindamycin was noticed among strains of all
      clostridia species as well as to tetracycline and doxycycline among strains of C.
      perfringens.

PMID- 170667
TI  - A new case of heavy mu-chain disease.
AB  - The tenth case of mu chain disease is described. The patient lives in Ivory Coast
      as in our previously reported case. He was not affected with chronic lymphocytic
      leukaemia and the main clinical feature was liver cirrhosis of unknown origin.
      The amount of abnormal protein in the serum was great enough to give an abnormal
      bond on the routine electrophoresis. The protein was devoid of light chains and
      was present in the form of disulfide linked polymers of incomplete mu chain. The
      molecular weight of the monomer was approximately 58,000. The  protein comprised
      the Fc fragment and a part of the Fd segment. Bence Jones protein was not found
      in the urine.

PMID- 170669
TI  - Regression line analysis for five antibiotics with strains of Clostridium
      species.
AB  - The susceptibility of 90 strains of clostridia to 5 antibacterials was determined
      by the agar plate dilution method and the disc diffusion test. The correlations
      between minimum inhibitory concentration and inhibition zone were quite
      acceptable for lincomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline and doxycycline to calculate
      regression lines by the least square method. The strains showed comparatively
      wide ranges of susceptibility. For erythromycin, no regression line could be
      calculated, since all the strains tested were susceptible over a narrow range of
      concentrations.

PMID- 170670
TI  - Cytarabine treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis in infants and small
      children. A report on three cases with a short review of the literature.
AB  - Three cytarabine-treated infants and children with herpes simplex encephalitis
      are presented. The effect of the treatment was excellent in 2 cases. One boy who
      had a CP syndrome died. It is assumed that the treatment with cytarabine should
      be started as early as possible with a dosage of 3 mg/kg body weight given
      intravenously once a day in a single injection for 5 days. No serious side
      effects have been noted. The advantage of cytarabine over idoxuridine, especially
      when treating small children and herpetic infections in the central nervous
      system, are emphasized.

PMID- 170671
TI  - Survey of a neonatal population for the prevalence of cytomegalovirus.
AB  - A neonatal population of 542 was tested for cytomegaloviruria. 293 were normally
      grown and full term, 172 normally grown but premature, and 77 were undergrown.
      Two normally grown term infants and one premature were excreting the virus
      (o.55%). Only one, a normally grown term infant, had signs of classical
      cytomegalic inclusion disease. None of the undergrown infants was infected.

PMID- 170672
TI  - Prolonged survival of non-multiplying Staphylococcus aureus cells undergoing
      autolysis in the presence of certain inhibitors of cell wall synthesis.
AB  - Certain antibiotic compounds including penicillin, cloxacillin and 6-APA caused a
      prolonged survival of Staph. aureus cells undergoing autolysis in physiologic
      saline. The retardation of the death rate was dependent upon the type of compound
      and its concentration. The results suggest that the compounds inhibit the
      autolytic function of the bacteria.

PMID- 170673
TI  - Bronchial cancer - a clinical and pathological study. I. Histopathology and
      metastases.
AB  - Among 16,394 necropsies during the 12-year period, 1958-1969 (representing about
      60% of all persons who died in Malmo during this period, 747 cases of bronchial
      cancer were found in 744 individuals. There were considerable differences in
      frequency of different histologic types with regard to sex. Two main classes have
      therefore been distinguished: Group I, comprising squamous epithelial cancer and
      anaplastic cancer (including oat-cell cancer), which was predominant among men;
      and Group II, comprising adenocarcinoma, bronchiolar carcinoma, carcinoid and
      bronchial gland tumour, which was of more or less equal frequency in both sexes.
      Compared with other malignant tumours, bronchial carcinoma had a strong tendency
      to metastasise to the adrenals, brain, kidneys and skeleton. Bronchial cancer did
      not differ from other tumours with regard to lymphogenous spread but had a
      stronger tendency to spread via the blood stream. Squamous epithelial cancer
      showed the strongest tendency to remain confined to the thoracic cavity.

PMID- 170674
TI  - Bronchial cancer - a clinical and pathological study. II. Frequency according to
      age and sex during a 12-year period.
AB  - A necropsy series of bronchial cancer combined with a retrospective clinical
      study comprising 747 cases of bronchial cancer from a defined population is
      described. A significant successive increase in the frequency of bronchial cancer
      during the 12-year period 1958-1969 was found. The increase during three
      successive 3-year periods will be as much as 45, 86 and 146%, respectively, if
      the 1958-1960 frequency is set to 100%. In contrast to many other investigations
      this increase was found in both women and men (the relative increase was exactly
      the same in both sexes) and for both Group I and Group II tumours. The ratios
      between men and women and between Group I and Group II tumours in the present
      material were thus constant throughout the investigation. This may be explained
      by the assumption that the female population today has smoked cigarettes for a
      sufficiently long period to stimulate the development of bronchial cancer and
      that there seems also to be a correlation between Group II tumours and cigarette
      smoking.

PMID- 170675
TI  - [Hypolipidemias].
AB  - Hypolipidemias can be divided in primary, familial and hereditary forms and
      symptomatic forms which may accompany other diseases. The primary hypolipidemias
      (abetalipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia and analphalipoproteinemia) are
      very rare. Severe hypolipidemia can be found in some peoples (e.g. the Masai).
      This article is chiefly devoted to secondary hypolipidemias such as those
      associated with malabsorption, malnutrition and maldigestion including protein
      losing gastroenteropathy, with liver diseases, endocrine diseases
      (hyperthyroidism, hirsutism) and anemia. Finally, the hypolipidemias secondary to
      the formation of autoantibodies against HDL and LDL in M-gradient, carcinoma and
      rheumatoid arthritis are briefly reviewed.

PMID- 170676
TI  - Enhancement of mouse cytomegalovirus infection during host-versus-graft reaction.
AB  - C3H/He mice chronically infected with murine cytomegalovirus were given skin
      allografts from histoincompatible BALB/c donors. A significant increase in
      cytomegalovirus titers occurred within 3 days after placement of the graft in the
      spleens and kidneys of the allograft recipients as compared with control animals.
      No significant changes in virus titers were detected in the salivary gland, lung,
      liver, or blood of allograft recipients. These results indicate that the host
      versus-graft reaction alone can enhance murine cytomegalovirus in a chronically
      infected host and may help explain the high incidence of cytomegalovirus
      infection seen after renal and other allograft transplantation in man.

PMID- 170677
TI  - Increased urinary excretion of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in rats bearing
      Morris hepatoma 3924A.
AB  - Urinary excretion of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) increased in rats
      bearing Morris hepatoma 3924A, and a correlation coefficient of .842 was observed
      comparing nucleotide excretion and tumor size. Irradiation of tumor or 5
      fluorouracil administration delayed the increases in urinary cyclic GMP and tumor
      size. Surgical removal of tumors resulted in a rapid decline in cyclic GMP
      excretion to baseline levels. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate excretion was not
      altered by implantation, irradiation, or excision of tumor.

PMID- 170678
TI  - Antibodies that impair insulin receptor binding in an unusual diabetic syndrome
      with severe insulin resistance.
AB  - Six patients with a unique form of diabetes associated with extreme insulin
      resistance have markedly reduced insulin binding to specific receptors on their
      circulating monocytes. When normal insulin receptors were exposed to serum or
      immunoglobulin fractions from three of these patients in vitro the specific
      binding defect was reproduced.

PMID- 170679
TI  - Magnetotactic bacteria.
AB  - Bacteria with motility directed by the local geomagnetic field have been observed
      in marine sediments. These magnetotactic microorganisms possess flagella and
      contain novel structured particles, rich in iron, within intracytoplasmic
      membrane vesicles. Conceivably these particles impart to cells a magnetic moment.
      This could explain the observed migration of these organisms in fields as weak as
      0.5 gauss.

PMID- 170680
TI  - Heteropolypeptides from poly-alpha-cyanoglycine and hydrogen cyanide: a model for
      the origin of proteins.
AB  - Poly-alpha-cyanoglycine, a homopolymer synthesized from the N-carboxyanhydride of
      alpha-cyanoglycine, is converted by cumulative reaction of hydrogen cyanide to
      heteropolypeptides that can be hydrolyzed to protein amino acids, including
      glycine, alanine, valine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. These results are
      consistent with the hypothesis that the original heteropolypeptides on the earth
      arose spontaneously from hydrogen cyanide and water without the intervening
      formation of alpha-amino acids.

PMID- 170681
TI  - Thermal transitions in human plasma low density lipoproteins.
AB  - Thermal analysis of human plasma low density lipoproteins reveals a broad
      reversible transition encompassing body temperature. The calorimetric and x-ray
      scattering data identify this transition as a cooperation, liquid-crystalline to
      liquid phase change involving the cholesterol esters in the lipoprotein. This
      behavior requires the presence of a region rich in cholesterol ester within the
      lipoprotein.

PMID- 170682
TI  - Electron microscopy of albumin synthesis.
AB  - Albumin molecules appeared to be synthesized in the light hepatocytes of rats by
      bound polysomers on rough and endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope. The
      molecules were discharged directly into the cytosol, then to the external
      cellular spaces. This conclusion failed to support the current theory from
      biochemical studies that albumin is synthesized by bound ribosomes, discharged
      into the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and transported to the smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum and then to the Golgi apparatus. In addition to the liver,
      positive syntheic activities were observed in the aorta, kidney, and hepatoma
      cells of rat. Earlier investigators have reported that only liver cells can
      synthesize albumin.

PMID- 170683
TI  - Visually evoked magnetic fields of the human brain.
AB  - Magnetic field variations from the human brain produced by visual stimulation
      have been observed in a normal laboratory setting with a superconducting quantum
      interference device and no magnetic shielding of the subject. Previously unknown
      temporal and spatial features of the field near the scalp are reported.

PMID- 170684
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumomediastinum].
AB  - Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a relatively rare disease, the clinical signs of
      which may be misleading, and the physiopathology is still unknown. The authors
      report 7 cases collected over a period of 3 years and note the etiology, the
      clinical findings and the X-ray findings. The disease often affectsyoung
      sybjects, without any sex predominance. The initial symptom is thoracic pain and
      is often accompanied by dispnea. Subcutaneous emphysema only appears secondarily
      and may be mild. The association with pneumothorax is not rare. Among the
      etiological circumstances, pneumomediastinum often occurs after an effort or a
      respiratory infection with dyspnea. The diagnosis depends on the discovery of
      subcutaneous emphysema and on radiological signs in A.P. and lateral chest views.
      Treatment should be as conservative as possible in the usual benign forms. It
      should be limited to bed rest, analgesics and sedatives. In severe cases, supra
      sternal drainage permits decompression of the mediastinum. The physiopathological
      mechanisms are discussed, but the usually accepted theory is rupture of an
      alveolus into the pulmonary interstitial tissue. The pressure gradient necessary
      for this rupture may be due to variations in alveolar or vascular pressure.

PMID- 170685
TI  - [Information obtained by liver biopsy in 100 tuberculous patients].
AB  - The results of liver biopsy in 100 patients with tuberculosis are reported. In 8
      patients, biopsy only occurred secondarily, during liver disease which appeared
      during antituberculous treatment. In five cases, the association of rifamycin and
      isoniazid was probably responsible and the mild histological signs noted
      suggested a favourable course after stopping one of the drugs or simply reducing
      the dose. The 3 other patients had virus hepatitis and biopsy was of prognostic
      interest by revealing the onset of post-hepatic cirrhosis. In 92 cases, liver
      biopsy was carried out before treatment. In 34 cases the liver was normal, in 38
      patients there were hisotlogical changes which did not suggest tuberculosis but,
      probably, alcoholism. These were : steatosis, in 21 cases, cirrhosis in 8 cases,
      a mixture of steatosis and cirrhosis in 4 cases, and acute alcoholic hepatitis in
      5 cases. Finally, in 20 cases, biopsy revealed an appearance of granulomatous
      hepatitis. Although this lesion is significant in the development of the disease,
      it is not characteristic of tuberculosis unless there is caseous necrosis, as in
      2 cases, and unless culture of the biopsy material is positive, as in one case
      out of 9, i.e. the diagnostic interest of liver biopsy is not very great compared
      with prognostic interest. By determining the anatomical condition of the liver,
      often not obvious when simple liver function tests are carried out, it permits
      one to forsee to some extent the tolerance of the liver to antituberculous
      treatment, especially in alcoholics.

PMID- 170687
TI  - [Role and limitations of chemotherapy in breast cancer].

PMID- 170688
TI  - Malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
AB  - Two patients are presented who had malignant fibrous histiocytomas of the skin
      and soft tissue. These tumors characteristically consist of a solitary mass, 0.5
      cm to 12.0 cm, which has skin fixation, is circumscribed and firm.
      Microscopically, there is a pattern of histiocytes and bizarre histiocytic giant
      cells intermingled in a fibrous stroma with fibroblasts arranged in a whirling
      pattern. The lesion is treated with wide excision and skin grafting. Local
      recurrence is common. Metastasis is less common, but with metastasis the
      prognosis is poor.

PMID- 170689
TI  - The role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in various human disorders.

PMID- 170690
TI  - Arbovirus infections in reptiles: studies on the presence of Japanese
      encephalitis virus antibody in the plasma of the turtle, Trionyx sinensis.
AB  - This study was undertaken to examine further the natural infection of
      poikilothermic animals e.g. turtles, to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus. Plasma
      samples from 75 soft-shelled fresh water turtles (Trionyx sinensis Wiegman) from
      China were examined in virus neutralization (VN) and hemagglutination inhibition
      (HAI) tests for the presence of specific antibody. The total incidence of
      antibody detected by either test to a titer of 10 or greater was 89% while 77%
      and 60% were positive by VN and HAI tests, respectively. Forty-one per cent were
      jointly positive by both tests. Mean HAI and VN titers were similar and showed no
      obvious differences between spring/summer and autumn/winter seasons. The HAI
      reactivity was associated with a 7S component for both seasons. The significance
      of this inhibition in the serology of poikilothermic hosts and the possible
      behaviour of T. sinensis in the natural history of JE virus is briefly
      considered.

PMID- 170686
TI  - [Achillean reflexogram : its measurement and its correlations with various
      clinical and biological factors in 2 working male populations].
AB  - The achillean reflexogram has been recorded according to Gilson's photo-electric
      technique among two male populations during routine cardio-vascular screening.
      The first population concerns 706 men aged 21 to 55 and the second one 4 437
      subjects aged 46 to 52. The frequency of bilateral areflexy increases with age
      (from 3% before 30 to 6% after 40); it is significantly associated with the
      presence of angina pectoris. However, no relation is observed with diabetes or
      clinical suspicion of myocardial infarction. Whereas fat body mass is positively
      associated with the reflex duration the latter is reduced with heart rate,
      systolic blooc pressure and number of blood erythrocytes and leucocytes
      increased. These results and the interest of systematic reflexogram recording
      during health check up are discussed.

PMID- 170691
TI  - Letter: Sporadic ulcero-osteolytic neuropathy in Blacks.

PMID- 170692
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic beta-cell tumor.

PMID- 170693
TI  - Metabolic response to injury.

PMID- 170694
TI  - Intracellular enzyme liberation in primate spinal cord injury.
AB  - Intracellular lysosomal and nonlysosomal enzymes, as well as tissue edema, were
      measured in spinal cords of monkeys up to 20 days following a 300 gm-cm open
      injury. Although edema was maximal between six hours and 11 days, enzyme
      elevation was delayed. Lysosomal enzyme acid cathepsin increased beginning at
      five days and the beta-glucuronidase and beta-glycerophosphatase increase began
      at 11 days. Nonlysosomal enzymes were either not elevated or showed a slight
      rise. These data suggest that edema, one of the secondary damaging factors in
      spinal injury, is not a result of release of these intracellular enzymes. Also it
      appears that intracellular enzymes do not participate in early secondary damaging
      processes in severe spinal injury.

PMID- 170695
TI  - Organization of peripheral and central pain pathways.
AB  - The organizational features of the somatosensory system that may be significant
      to the perception of noxious stimuli are reviewed, with emphasis on the
      integration that likely occurs among both ascending and descending pathways.

PMID- 170696
TI  - Clinical experience with the intravenous infusion of iodinated contrast material
      as an adjunct to computed tomography.
AB  - The intravenous infusion of iodinated contrast material is an important adjunct
      to computed tomography with a wide variety of lesions. Some arteriovenous
      malformations, metastatic lesions and tumors of the sella turcica and
      cerebellopontine angle which are undetectable by conventional computed tomography
      may be visualized by this method. Certain other metastatic lesions, primary
      tumors, abscesses and infarcts which are detectable in the preinfusion tomogram
      become better defined following infusion. The indications for this examination
      and the procedures involved are discussed.

PMID- 170698
TI  - Effect of total hepatectomy on selected cerebral substrates and enzymes of the
      glycolytic pathways and Krebs cycle.
AB  - Posthepatectomy coma was produced in 13 dogs and the cerebrums were biopsied for
      analysis of concentrations of glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone
      phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate, lactate, citrate, alpha-ketogulutarate,
      fumarate, malate, oxaloacetate, adenosinetriphosphate, ammonia, and glutamine as
      well as for activities of glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase,
      isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and
      malic enzyme. There were no differences from normal in the brain glycolytic
      substrate concentrations. Four of the Krebs cycle substrates were significantly
      reduced, but not differently than in dogs sedated for 24 hours. The glycolytic
      pathway, Krebs cycle, and related enzyme activities were not significantly
      altered. Cerebral adenosine triphosphate concentration was unchanged but the
      concentrations of ammonia and glutamine increased threefold.

PMID- 170699
TI  - Occupational poisoning from inorganic lead, mercury and cadmium.

PMID- 170697
TI  - Biological behavior of the primitive neuroectodermal tumors: significant
      supratentorial childhood gliomas.
AB  - Supratentorial gliomas in the pediatric age group at the University of Kentucky
      Medical Center accounted for 20% of all childhood brain tumors. Seventeen of the
      20 children with these tumors, regardless of histologic type, mode of therapy, or
      other parameters died within five years after tissue diagnosis, and most were
      dead within two years. Unlike the astrocytic gliomas, the poorly differentiated
      primitive neuroectodermal tumors tended to spread diffusely throughout the
      central nervous system and accounted for 35% of the supratentorial gliomas in
      children at our institution. Results of this study suggest that therapy for the
      primitive neuroectodermal tumor, unlike other childhood supratentorial gliomas,
      should be considered for the entire neuraxis.

PMID- 170700
TI  - Bronchodilator drug efficacy via cyclic AMP.
AB  - Cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphosphate (cyclic AMP) as measured by
      radioimmunoassay is found in diced rat lung in an amount approximating one
      picomole per milligram of wet weight lung tissue. Incubation of rat lung with
      adrenaline, a beta adrenergic agent, produced a rapid increase in cyclic AMP,
      100% increase at 15 seconds and 340% at 2 minutes. Isoprenaline was more
      stimulatory than adrenaline; noradrenaline was less stimulatory, and ephedrine
      produced a negligible effect. The methylxanthines, caffeine and theophylline,
      produced an increase in cyclic AMP concentration. Of these, caffeine was more
      potent, and synergism with adrenaline was demonstrated. The beta adrenergic
      blocking agent, propranolol, completely inhibited the expected rise in cyclic AMP
      secondary to adrenaline stimulation. In contrast, the alpha blocker,
      phentolamine, produced no effect. This animal model offers evidence that
      adrenergic agents and methylxanthines act to increase cyclic AMP in lung tissue.
      It is likely that many of the beneficial effects of these drugs in pulmonary
      patients occur through similar changes and modulation of the cyclic AMP system.

PMID- 170702
TI  - Autoantibodies in patients with bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - No overall increase in the incidence of antinuclear, smooth muscle or reticulin
      antibodies was observed in a group of 105 patients with bronchial carcinoma of
      various classified histological types. Smooth muscle antibody was, however,
      demonstrated in 27% of patients with undifferentiated carcinoma compared to 5% of
      controls (P less than 0-05). A highly significant increase in antinuclear
      antibodies in patients with adenocarcinoma was found (31% compared with 5% of
      controls--P less than 0-01). There as no apparent correlation between the
      presence of these antibodies and age, sex or other clinical features studied. A
      detailed study of the reproducibility of the antibody results, studied by
      indirect immunofluorescence in patients with bronchial carcinoma, is reported.

PMID- 170701
TI  - A review of routine tests for respiratory viruses in hospital inpatients.
AB  - During the period June 1967 to May 1972, viral tests were performed upon 1195
      inpatients aged 12 and over in the Brompton Hospital. The overall diagnostic rate
      was 21-5%, comparing 9-3% by isolation and 14-9% by complement fixation (6-5% by
      four-fold rises in titre in paired sera, 8-4% by titres larger than or equal to
      160 in single sera). Only 42% of all patients had an acute respiratory illness
      within one week prior to admission, which seriously curtailed the chances of
      isolating viruses and of obtaining early serological specimens. The value of
      complement fixation tests on single specimens in the clinical management of
      patients is discussed. The profound effect of infections by influenza A on
      respiratory morbidity and hospital admission is stressed.

PMID- 170704
TI  - [Androcur (cyprosterone acetate)--a drug with antiandrogen effect].

PMID- 170705
TI  - [A case of Addison's disease in a dog (author's transl)].

PMID- 170703
TI  - Tetracosactrin for the management of asthmatic patients after long-term
      corticosteroids.
AB  - Thirty-five of 41 asthmatic patients, who had been taking oral corticosteroids
      regularly for between one and 12 years, recovered their adrenal function after
      courses of depot tetracosactrin, even those with apparently complete adrenal
      suppression. They all showed benefit by transfer to depot tetracosactrin, though
      steroid withdrawal symptoms could be troublesome. Skin pigmentation in three, and
      two severe reactions to tetracosactrin were encountered. We believe that it is
      advisable to give depot tetracosactrin when converting severe asthmatics to the
      use of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosols who have previously been treated by
      long-term steroids with consequent adrenal suppression.

PMID- 170706
TI  - [Equine rhinopneumonitis virus infection in horses (author's transl)].

PMID- 170707
TI  - The HL-A and ABO antigens in trophoblastic disease.
AB  - No statistically significant deviations in phenotype frequencies of the 25 HL-A
      antigens or the ABO antigens were seen when 111 Caucasian patients with
      trophoblastic disease were compared with 1,259 healthy Caucasian controls.
      However, an increasein the incidence of HL-A11 was found in 39 patients who
      currently had the disease, but not in 72 who had recovered from the disease.
      Further, an increase in the frequency of W18 was observed among 18 patients who
      currently had 'invasive' disease (choriocarcinoma or invasive mole), but not in
      44 who had recovered from such disease. If valid for larger patient population,
      these increases may suggest association of HL-A11 and W18 with the 'morbidity' of
      the trophoblastic disease. No increase in histocompatibility was seen in 45
      patient-couples over 67 control-couples in terms of decrease in the number of
      male spouse's HL-A incompatibilities, and no significant difference was seen in
      the distribution of pregnancies in the two groups. No significant difference was
      observed in the incidence of different male-female combinations of ABO blood
      groups between 95 patient-couples and an equal number of control-couples.
      Lymphocytotoxic antibodies were found in 64 patients (158 sera) or 36% of the 178
      patients (413 sera) examined. HL-A specific antibodies were found in 30 or 17%
      patients (39 sera). Of these 30, 24 patients had molar pregnancies and six had
      choriocarcinoma. Whether these antibodies have a role in the destruction of
      neoplastic tissue remains to be determined.

PMID- 170708
TI  - Fine structure of the compound eye of Porcellio scaber in light and dark
      adaption.
AB  - The compound eyes of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber comprises about 20
      ommatidia. The dioptric apparatus of each ommatidia includes a biconvex corneal
      lens and a spherical crystalline cone that is secreted by two cone cells. The
      closed rhabdom is formed by the microvillar extensions of seven pigmented
      retinula cells and one apical eccentric cell. All retinular axons exit the eye in
      one bundle. During dark-adaption pigment granules in the retinula cells rapidly
      withdrew from around the rhabdom and the cell periphery, and migrated basally.
      Rhabdoms thickened because of movement of the microvilli, and mitochondria moved
      medially and basally. During light adaption these processes were reversed.
      Multivesicular bodies became less numerous and rough endoplasmic reticulum and
      ribosomes proliferated during the initial stages of light adaption.

PMID- 170710
TI  - Alveolar type II cells: studies on the mode of release of lamellar bodies.
AB  - There is increasing evidence that type II alveolar cells are capable of
      synthesizing surface active material like that obtained from the airways. However
      a number of problems remain to be solved before it can be stated conclusively
      that type II cells synthesize the surface active material of the terminal
      airspace. Among these problems is that of secretion. A number of previous studies
      have given evidence of the release of lamellar bodies by merocrine secretion. In
      this study morphologic evidence is presented which supports the view that
      secretion of lamellar bodies is accomplished by exocytosis. At the apical surface
      of type II cells, sites can be found where the limiting membrane of the lamellar
      body is clearly fused with the type II cell plasma membrane and an open channel
      exists between the contents of the lamellar body and the alveolar space. At these
      sites the lamellar contents extrude into the airspace with consequent loss of the
      highly compact organization of intracellular lamellar bodies. The intactness and
      continuity of the membranes can be traced for the full extent of the exocytosis
      site. Freeze-etch replicas of the membranes of type II cells show depressions
      which may represent the sites of discharged lamellae. In addition, tongue-like
      folds are seen which could be explained as the extensions of cytoplasm which
      surround the releasing lamellar body and which may flap over the exocytosis pit
      after discharge. Micrographs of the alveolar space show disorganized lamellar
      whorls which appear to be unravelling to produce tubular myelin. In view of the
      unusually large size and lipid composition of lamellar bodies, a mechanism
      involving hydration of mucopolysaccharide contents as an aid to expulsion of
      lamellar contents is suggested.

PMID- 170709
TI  - Secretory end-feet, extracerebral cells, and cerebral sense organs in certain
      limicole oligochaete annelids.
AB  - Secretory end-feet (or SEF) systems are present in Limnodrilus and Stylodrilus
      but are less highly organized than those of polychaetes. SEF contain secretory
      vesicles and abundant mitochondria. Typical neurosecretory terminals are not
      found within the brain although "neurosecretory" perikarya are present in all
      four species studied. In Limnodrilus, Stylodrilus and Enchytraeus extracerebral
      cells, of probable neurosecretory function, are invested by the pericapsular
      epithelium. Characteristically such cells bear several cilia. In these species
      and in Stylaria a pair of sensory cell groups is located anteriorly within the
      brain. These cells are ciliated but lack associated supporting cells.

PMID- 170711
TI  - Diagnostic value of intravenous glucagon test in insulinoma.
AB  - The intravenous glucagon test was performed in 11 patients with insulinoma and
      the diagnostic significance of the test was studied in comparison with the
      glucose test, the tolbutamide test and the arginine test. The curves of plasma
      insulin following the intravenous administration of glucagon were markedly
      different and strange in those patients with insulinoma compared with the normal
      controls. The maximal levels of plasma insulin ranged from 85 to 400 muU/ml,
      exceeding the normal range in 10 out of 11 patients, or 91%. Increased levels in
      the maximal plasma insulin were observed in 63%, 100% and 56% through the glucose
      test, the tolbutamide test and the arginine test, respectively. The distribution
      of the insulin areas, calculated from the insulin curves during these tests, was
      shown to be similar to that of the maximal levels of plasma insulin. There was no
      significant correlations between the maximal levels of plasma insulin in the
      glucagon test and the glucose test, the tolbutamide test or the arginine test.
      The present experiment demonstrated that the intravenous glucagon test, next to
      the tolbutamide test, caused a large increase in plasma insulin, and therefore,
      that this test is one of the most useful tools among the provocation tests, for
      the diagnosis of insulinoma.

PMID- 170712
TI  - Direct effects of cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on renal blood flow.
AB  - The direct effects of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and dibutyryl
      adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (D-cAMP) on renal blood flow were studied in
      dogs under renal perfusion with constant pressure. Cyclic AMP caused a marked
      phasic decrease in renal blood flow in doses more than 1 mg, while D-cAMP
      produced a slight increase in that in doses more than 10 mg. The vasoconstrictive
      effect of cAMP was not blocked by the pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, but was
      markedly depressed during the infusion of aminophylline. On the other hand, the
      vasodilative effect of D-cAMP was not affected either by the pretreatment with
      propranolol or during the infusion of aminophylline. These findings indicate that
      cAMP and D-cAMP have an opposite direct effect on the renal artery, independently
      of the adrenergic receptors. However, there may be a possibility that cAMP
      produces its vasoconstrictive effect on the renal artery partly through the
      action of its metabolites.

PMID- 170713
TI  - The chemistry and biological effects of cardiotoxin from the Chinese cobra (N.
      naja Linn.) on hormonal responses in isolated cell systems.

PMID- 170714
TI  - The effects of lethal components of Dendroaspis jamesoni snake venom on
      neuromuscular transmission and on muscle membrane permeability.

PMID- 170715
TI  - [Demonstration of skeletal metastases using the bone marrow biopsy and the
      radiographic skeletal survey within the scope of pretherapeutic diagnosis in
      bronchial carcinoma].
AB  - In the course of pretherapeutic diagnostics of bronchogenic carcinoma, bone
      marrow biopsy revealed in ten out of 116 patients (9%) and radiographic skeletal
      survey in 16 out of 62 patients (26%) metastases to the skeleton. The two methods
      are complementary with reference to anaplastic and oat-cell carcinomas. On
      account of our experiences, we never fail to control the skeleton before the
      beginning of a local curative therapy in bronchial carcinoma.

PMID- 170716
TI  - The effect of dianabol on the postirradiation disturbances of kininogenesis in
      rats.
AB  - The effect of Dianabol on the irradiation-induced disturbances in kininogenesis
      in rats was studied. It was found that Dianabol inhibits the postradiation
      increase of the kininforming activity in tissues of rats and decreases the level
      of kinins in irradiated animals. A probable role of these properties of Dianabol
      in its radioprotective activity is discussed.

PMID- 170718
TI  - Epidemiological implications of the typing of variola isolates.

PMID- 170717
TI  - Symposium on smallpox eradication. Smallpox eradication-a narrative account.

PMID- 170719
TI  - Evidence for two cell populations involved in the rejection of a xenograft in
      mice.
AB  - Rejection of a xenograft by BALB/c mice results in a highly potent immune
      peritoneal cell population. By using two in vitro assays in parallel, it has been
      possible to show that there are at least two active cell types. The first assay
      detects the detachment of target cells from plastic, which is referred to as
      direct cytotoxicity. The second reflects the inhibition of incorporation of a
      deoxyribonucleic acid precursor, 125I-iododeoxyuridine, into target cells, which
      could occur either as a result of direct cytotoxicity or as a consequence of
      growth inhibition (cytostasis). With a rabbit antimouse brain serum which is
      cytotoxic for thymus-derived T cells, it has been shown that direct cytotoxicity
      requires T cells, whereas the cytostatic response can be largely independent of T
      cell function during the assay.

PMID- 170720
TI  - [Structure of Candida tropicalis K-41 thermotolerant yeasts at various growing
      temperatures on a mineral medium with hydrocarbons].
AB  - In the C. tropicalis K-41 cells fixed by glutaraldehyde and osmium most membranes
      consisted of two electron-transparent and one electron-dense layer. Morphologo
      structural peculiarities of the cell fraction grown at 39 degrees testify to a
      certain disconnection of energetic and constructive metabolism, inhibition of
      synthetic processes. Cell division was more active at 29 degrees.

PMID- 170721
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the nuclear apparatus of the infusorian Loxodes magnus. I. The
      macronuclei, macronuclear anlagen and the interphasic micronuclei].
AB  - The nuclear apparatus of Loxodes magnus Stokes (Holotricha) consists of numerous
      macronuclei which belong to the diploid type and never divide, and of numerous
      micronuclei. No nuclear groups exist; individual nuclei often lie in cytoplasmic
      islets surrounded by large lacunae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
      Interphasic micronuclei have two-membraned envelopes with numerous pores, usually
      lined at the cytoplasmic side with a layer of vacuoles, channels, or flattened
      vesicles of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The chromatin of the micronuclei
      consists of anastomosing threads, 0.1--0.2 mum wide, between which several
      nucleolus-like bodies of microfibrillar structure occur. Adult macronuclei have a
      similar nuclear envelope and a similar system of vacuoles, channels, and
      flattened agranular cisternae outside it. The macronucleus contains a single
      large composite nucleolus with 3 or 4 fibrillar cores inside the common granular
      cortex. The fibrillar cores are pierced by channels containing nucleolar
      organizers in the form of strands of condensed chromatin. The peripheral zone of
      the macronucleus is filled with decondensed chromatin fibrils and contains a
      number of small chromocenters and several aggregates of RNP granules. No protein
      inclusions (spheres) have been observed in Loxodes macronuclei. The macronuclear
      anlagen, developing in the cycle of every cell division, show progressive
      decondensation of the chromosomes and formation of several nucleoli, each with
      its own organizer. Later on, the nucleoli fuse into a single nucleolus. The small
      chromocentres are the last to form.

PMID- 170722
TI  - [Some characteristics of the process of forming autophagocytic vacuoles in the
      hepatocytes of regenerating rat liver].
AB  - This work deals with the previously described process of cellular
      autophagocytosis in regenerating rat liver. The experimental data obtained
      indicate that the early appearance of acid phosphatase positive cytoplasmic
      vacuoles (with diameter more than 2 mu) occur only in a certain portion of the
      parenchymal cell population (nearly 30% of the total number of hepatocytes) and
      mainly in the central area of the hepatic lobule. It may be concluded that the
      observed reaction of the cell vacuolar apparatus concerns hepatocytes that
      undergo the entry into the mitotic cycle much later than does the main part (ca
      60%) of cell population.

PMID- 170723
TI  - [Antibiotic eye drops. Drug combinations with ristocetin].

PMID- 170724
TI  - [Ota's nevus associated with multiple blue nevi of the skin and uterine cervix,
      with ichthyosis vulgaris and the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome].

PMID- 170725
TI  - Cystometry. IV. Neuromuscular transmission in urinary bladder.

PMID- 170726
TI  - Ultrastructure of swine pox.

PMID- 170727
TI  - Structure of cultured fibroblasts from dermatosparaxic calves.
AB  - Clonal cell lines from the dermis of a dermatosparaxic calf were grown in tissue
      culture. After fixation in a mixture of glutaraldehyde and osmium, they were
      prepared for electron microscopy. Most cells contained a well-developed Golgi
      region, lysosomes, mitochondria, and dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic
      reticulum. They also contained numerous, large bundles of intracellular
      fialments, many lipid droplets and extensive arrays of vesicles. Cultures
      accumulated substantial amounts of extracellular fibrillar material. The fibrils
      were loosely packed and indistinctly cross-banded. Bundles of intracellular
      filaments were commonly parallel in adjacent cells and also parallel to
      extracellular fibrils. These cytoplasmic features may result from the inability
      of the secreted collagen to form normal fibrils.

PMID- 170728
TI  - Molecular biology of adenoviruses.

PMID- 170729
TI  - Pancreatic cholera (W.D.H.A. syndrome). Histochemical and ultrastructural
      studies.
AB  - Results of light and electron-microscopic studies of primary pancreatic tumor and
      of metastasis in a new case of Pancreatic Cholera (P.C.) are reported. The
      primary tumor but not the metastases, contained unusual, large cystic glandular
      formations, lined both by pancreatic-duct- and small-intestine-like epithelia and
      closely connected with the endocrine proliferation. A part from a few D-cells,
      the endocrine tumoral cells could not be identified by histochemical stainings.
      Their ultrastructural pattern, with small secretory granules (diameter less than
      300 nm) and numerous cytoplasmic bunches of filaments, was very similar to that
      of gastric and duodenal D1-cells. Normal duodenal D1-cells have been said to
      produce gastric inhibitory peptide, a substance structurally and biologically
      similar to the vasoactive intestinal peptide actually secreted by the tumor. The
      normal histological appearance of gastric, gallbladder, jejunal, ileal, right and
      left colonic mucosae is consistent with the responsibility of the tumoral
      secretion in the impairment of gut functions in P.C.

PMID- 170730
TI  - Morphogenesis of intracytoplasmic dense (inclusion) bodies in a recurring digital
      fibrous tumor of childhood. Light- and electron-microscopic investigations.
AB  - This study presents the results of light-microscopic, histochemical, and electron
      microscopic investigations of dense (inclusion) bodies in a recurring digital
      fibrous tumor of childhood. At ultrastructural level it was possible to observe
      several stages of development correlated with changes of ergastoplasmic
      reticulum. The viral nature of these bodies was refuted and the conclusion was
      drawn that their formation is associated with a disturbed intracellular
      metabolism. The defective intracellular transport of collagen precursors followed
      by abnormal deposition of collagenous proteins, which are also to some extent
      abnormally aggregated, could be of special importance.

PMID- 170731
TI  - Changes in the fine structure and function of a hormone-secreting adrenocortical
      tumour investigated in tissue culture.
AB  - Tissue cultures of a surgically removed adrenocortical tumour causing Cushing's
      syndrome, and tissue cultures from the attached, tumour-free adrenal were
      studied. There were two cell types characteristic of tumour tissue. The cell type
      occurring most frequently had pronounced hypertrophied agranular endoplasmic
      reticulum. A fewer number of lipid-rich cells containing many electron-dense
      granules could also be found. The ratio of cells changed during cultivation. In
      the 17 days tumour culture, a higher percentage of lipid-rich cells could be
      observed. In spite of continuous ACTH treatment, the initially high
      hydrocortisone level decreased, gradually. It may be assumed that the lipid-rich
      cells are of reduced ability as regards hydrocortisone production.

PMID- 170732
TI  - Cellular composition of the so-called dermatofibroma (histiocytoma cutis).
AB  - 9 typical cases of dermatofibroma or histiocytoma cutis resp. were studied by the
      aid of histochemical, enzyme histochemical and electron microscopical methods to
      examine the cellular composition of these lesions. The results suggest an
      anabolic and katabolic function of cells. Electron microscopically a broad
      spectrum of patterns of mesenchymal cells was found. Besides defined fibroblast
      like and histiocyte-like elements a cell type was detected which was
      characterized by particular traits, as irregular nuclear outline, abundant rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, bundles of filaments with single dense
      zones, micropinocytotic vesicles and a basement membrane-like material on the
      outer cell surface. This cell type constitutes the majority of cells in
      dermatofibroma or histiocytoma cutis resp. In some cells an arrangement of
      filament bundles resembling that in smooth muscle could be seen. By reason of
      these findings a certain resemblance to the so-called myofibroblasts can be
      stated. The variegation of the morphological picture suggests a multipotent
      precursor cell; the possibility of an origin from pericytes is discussed.

PMID- 170733
TI  - Ruptured benign hepatoma associated with an oral contraceptive. A case report.
AB  - A ruptured benign hepatoma is described in a woman at full-term pregnancy. The
      patient had used an oral contraceptive for eight years before she became
      pregnant. According to several recent reports it seems likely that there is a
      relationship between the use of oral contraceptive agents and the development of
      liver cell tumours. Twentythree such cases have been found in the literature.
      Fourteen of these were not diagnosed before rupture. The present tumour differed
      from previously described lesions by containing foci of haematopoietic cells. As
      there were no signs of blood or bone marrow disease, it is suggested that the
      extramedullary haematopoiesis is a constituent of the tumour tissue.

PMID- 170734
TI  - Distribution of cytoplasmic vacuoles in blood T and B lymphocytes in two
      lysosomal disorders.
AB  - Distribution of cytoplasmic vacuoles in purified T and B lymphocytes was analyzed
      in four cases of aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) and in one case of neuronal ceroid
      lipofuscinosis (Spielmeyer-Sjorgren type). In all cases T cells were
      significantly more vacuolized than B cells. The ultrastructure of the cytoplasmic
      vacuoles was consistent with the concept of storage lysosomes. The cytoplasmic
      vacuoles both in T and B cells similar to abnormal lysosomes seen in the visceral
      organs in these diseases.

PMID- 170735
TI  - Stimulation of cellular autophagy by parathyroid hormone and cyclic adenosine
      3',5': monophosphate in isolated tubular fragments from the rat's kidney cortex.
AB  - Tubular fragments isolated from the cortex of the rat's kidney were qualitatively
      and quantitatively investigated with the electron microscope. The tubules
      frequently burst open and became "inverted" in such a way that the rarefied brush
      border now formed the outer circumference. By morphometry a decrease of the
      average cell volume in the proximal tubular fragments was ascertained. This was
      mostly caused by a loss of cytoplasmic ground substance, endoplasmic reticulum
      and ribosomes. Cytoplasmic herniations of the basal surface, filled with free
      ribosomes, suggested a partial shedding of the protein synthesizing apparatus.
      The number of autophagic vacuoles (AV) per unit area of cytoplasm was determined
      in proximal tubular fragments. After isolation alone, without further incubation,
      the number of AV was as low as the number found in an earlier study in proximal
      tubular cells in situ during the diurnal minimum. After control incubation the
      number of AV increased to about the mean value of the AV found in cells in situ
      during the whole diurnal cycle. By comparison with the control incubation the
      number of AV increased by a factor of 1.6 to 1.7, if cyclic adenosine 3',5':
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) or parathyroid hormone (PTH) were added to the
      incubation-medium; it now reached about the number of AV found in situ during the
      diurnal maximum. The increase in the number of AV paralleled that of the
      production of ammonia and glucose from endogenous sources under the influence of
      cyclic AMP and PTH. This suggests that the breakdown of cytoplasmic components by
      cellular autophagy could be functionally related to gluconeogenesis. A
      quantitative comparison between the measured production of ammonia and glucose
      indicates, however, that in the system of isolated tubular fragments there may
      exist other mechanisms of degradation, and of the provision of substrates for
      gluconeogenesis, than cellular autophagy only.

PMID- 170736
TI  - Potentiating effect of iododeoxyuridine on MuLV replication in mouse embryo
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 170737
TI  - An in vitro focus-induction assay for xenotropic murine leukemia virus, feline
      leukemia virus C, and the feline--primate viruses RD-114/CCC/M-7.

PMID- 170738
TI  - Infectious DNA coding for a temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase of the
      coordinate LA335 mutant of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV).

PMID- 170739
TI  - Replication of equine herpesvirus type I: resistance to hydroxyurea.

PMID- 170741
TI  - The alteration of ribosomes for mRNA selection concerned with adenovirus growth
      in SV40-infected simian cells.

PMID- 170740
TI  - Molecular heterogeneity of human leukocyte interferon: two populations differing
      in molecular weights, requirements for renaturation, and cross-species antiviral
      activity.

PMID- 170743
TI  - [1 of the possible trends of study in oncology].

PMID- 170742
TI  - [Treatment of patients with lung cancer with a combination of nitrosomethylurea
      and cyclophosphane].
AB  - Eighty five patients with pulmonary cancer, stage III-IV, were treated with a
      combination of nitrosomethyl urea and cyclophosphan. In squamous cell cancer a
      positive objective effect was gained in 35% of patients.

PMID- 170744
TI  - [Intrauterine transmission of induced hemoblastosis in monkeys, associated with
      type-C oncornavirus].
AB  - The possibility of intrauterine transmission of hemoblastosis was investigated in
      a group of 118 M. arctoides females with induced viral hemoblastosis. In the
      course of observations pregnancy occurred in 9 cases. Four of seven babies,
      delivered at term have developed hemoblastosis. The main signs of the disease
      were revealed in babies from the first days of their life. Hemoblastosis was
      accompanied with the appearance of a specific surface antigen and the presence of
      the "C" type oncornavirus in blood and organs of the babies, and also in cells of
      one embryo. Viral hemoblastosis was successfully passaged from one of the babies
      to three juvenile monkeys of the same species.

PMID- 170745
TI  - Steroid therapy of myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 170746
TI  - Editorial: "Myasthenia gravis" or the autoimmunity, thymic disease, neuromuscular
      block poser.

PMID- 170747
TI  - [Nerve injuries in fractures].

PMID- 170749
TI  - Immunoprecipitation studies with antigens of human cytomegaloviruses.

PMID- 170748
TI  - [Disturbed globulin (transferrine) and antibody formation during the leucopenic
      stage of swine plague (author's transl)].

PMID- 170750
TI  - Altered immunologic specificity of cells infected with Herpes simplex virus:
      recognition of human antiserum.
AB  - Human serum having complement fixation anti-herpex simplex virus activity was
      reacted with herpes simplex virus infected cells in tissue culture. By tagging
      the antibody to ferritin and examining the cells in the electron microscope, it
      was found that 1. the entire surface of the infected cell is antigenically
      altered and reacts with hyperimmune serum. The antigenic cell surface change is
      not limited to structurally altered sites, nor is it limited to sites where virus
      particles are present, and 2. cells in the early stages of infection react more
      strongly with hyperimmune serum than do cells in later stages. The possible
      clinical significance of the infected cell surface - antibody reaction is
      discussed.

PMID- 170751
TI  - Respiratory electron flow and ATPase system in photosynthetically grown
      Rhodopseudomonas palustris.
AB  - Rhodopseudomonas palustris is grown photosynthetically on thiosulfate. As pointed
      out earlier, the chromatophore deficient cell-free fraction S-144,000 catalyzes
      the thiosulfate-linked ATP-dependent reversal of electron transfer in
      anaerobiosis, thus providing reducing equivalents in the form of NADH. Under
      aerobic conditions, this fraction also catalyzes the oxidation of NADH, ferro
      cytochrome c, or ascorbate. ATP, ADP, and PPi are active in  retarding the
      aerobic electron flow. The electron retardation is stimulated by the addition of
      Mg2+ due to a Mg2+-stimulated ATPase present. The ATPase system in S-144,000
      hydrolyzes ATP, ADP, and PPi. Similarly, ATP or ADP, or even PPi can function as
      energy sources in order to achieve the reduction of pyridine nucleotide. The
      ATPase turnover is diminished by NADH or NAD+. Admixture of ascorbate results in
      an increased ATPase activity. Exactly the enhanced amount of adenine nucleotide
      hydrolysis caused by the addition of ascorbate is inhibited by cyanide.

PMID- 170752
TI  - A study of the neurohumoral control of glycolysis in the mouse brain in vivo:
      role of noradrenaline and dopamine.
AB  - Intraventricularly injected noradrenaline, dopamine and isoprenaline increased
      glycolysis as shown by the decrease in the concentration of "free" glycogen and
      increase in the concentration of lactate. The effects of noradrenaline and
      isoprenaline were reduced in mice which had been pretreated with alpha-methyl-p
      tyrosin. DL-Propranolol blocked the increase in glycolysis caused by
      noradrenaline, isoprenaline, sodium fluoride and analogues of 3,5-cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate. It is suggested that the results of this investigation
      can be explained by the various drugs and neurohormones acting on the adenyl
      cyclase system in vivo, either by blocking the action of the neurohormone on the
      membrane bound enzyme or by antagonizing the effect of 3,5-cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate on glycolysis.

PMID- 170753
TI  - In vitro translation of natural mRNAs in a cell-free system containing components
      from interferon-treated chicken fibroblasts and factor preparations from mouse
      ascites cells or rabbit reticulocytes.
AB  - The effect of interferon has been studied in a mixed cell-free protein
      synthesizing system. Hemoglobin (Hb) and Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC)-RNA can
      be efficiently translated in vitro in a system containing S-30 lysates or run-off
      ribosomes from primary chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and a postmicrosomal
      supernatant from mouse ascites cells or a ribosomal-wash preparation from rabbit
      reticulocytes. Ribosomes prepared from CEF pretreated with high doses of
      homologous interferon (500 units/ml) were able to translate Hb-RNA in the
      presence of heterologous factors with the same efficiency as ribosomes prepared
      from control cells. Translation of EMC-RNAP WAS SLIGHTLY Reduced if ribosomes
      from interferon-treated cells were used in the mixed cell-free system, confirming
      previous reports. No inhibitory effect caused by interferon treatment of CEF
      cells could be detected on in vitro translation of natural mRNAs if the cells
      had, in addition to interferon treatment, been infected with vaccinia virus.
      Possible reasons for the different observations made with out cell-free protein
      synthesizing system from CEF and with cell-free systems prepared from mouse cells
      are discussed.

PMID- 170754
TI  - On the phospholipase activity in bovine seminal vesicles and its possible role in
      the regulation of the prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AB  - A phospholipid mixture was isolated from bovine vesicle tissue. This phospholipid
      preparation contained the following prostaglandin precursor fatty acids: 4.7
      percent 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, 9.1 percent 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
      and 0.9% 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid. With this phospholipid preparation
      as substrate phospholipase activity could be detected in different fractions of
      bovine seminal vesicle cells. The highest phospholipase activity was found in the
      microsomal fraction, less in the mitochondria and essentially no activity in the
      cytosol. With a microsome preparation (acetone powder) of bovine seminal vesicles
      the influence of certain effectors on the phospholipase activity was
      investigated. Prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha (10(-5) M) showed 19 and 41 percent
      inhibition, DB-c-AMP (2 times 10(-9) M) 54%, c-AMP (10(-9) M) 22%, epinephrine
      (10(-4) M) 60%, testosterone (10(-5) M) 25% inhibition of the phospholipase
      activity. Whereas ethanol exhibits also a strong inhibition on the phospholipase
      activity, it shows a pronounced activation of the prostaglandin synthetase.

PMID- 170755
TI  - Ultrastructure of Trypanosoma duttoni.
AB  - Trypanosoma duttoni exhibits the typical trypanosome morphology in that it is
      bounded by a unit membrane which included its anterior flagellum; it is
      surrounded by a framework of suppellicular fibrils, and it contains a nucleus and
      the posteriorly located kinetoplast-blepharoplast structures along with
      cytoplasmic organelles (mitochondria, Golgi, and enoplasmic reticulum). Very
      prominently displayed in T. duttoni is the contractile vacuole, which has not
      previously received wide-spread recognition. The kinetoplast is clearly
      continuous with mitochondria in some cases. Inclusion bodies are categorized into
      three distinct types, none of which can be conclusively designated as the very
      popular volutin granules, without cytochemical evidence. The existence of a third
      tubule among peripheral tubule doublets of the flagellum is observed.

PMID- 170756
TI  - [The anatomic and radiologic picture of the acetabulum (author's transl)].
AB  - The basic shape of the facies lunata shows at the inner margin of each of the
      three participating bones a dell into which the floor of the acetabulum
      progresses. These dells originate in nutritive vessels which enter the bone and
      claim this place. There always are groups of vessels and wide channels which may
      be visible on radiographs. The so far unexplained picture of a vascular canal in
      the roof of the acetabulum corresponds to the canal leading into the body of the
      ilium. Due to its position there is often restructuring leading to filling or
      covering of the canal. The entrance to this canal is shown as a gap in the arc of
      the acetabular cavity which would have to be added to that of the "tear figure"
      known so far. The closed arc, as always drawn, reults only when this entry has
      been filled up.

PMID- 170757
TI  - [Postsurgical management of cutaneous syndactyly (author's transl)].
AB  - The success of syndactyly operations depends to a considerable extent on the
      appropriate bandage-technique which according to the author's experience has
      proved to be highly effective.

PMID- 170758
TI  - [Destruction of cartilage in the adjuvants disease of the rat].
AB  - The structure of cartilage in rats with adjuvant disease was investigated
      lightmicroscopically and by scanning electron microscopy. Severe destruction of
      the cartilage with formation of lacunae only was observed in areas previously
      covered by pannus. However, outside the pannus differences between normal animals
      and animals with arthritis also were observed. In adjuvant treated animals a more
      fibrillar structure of the surface was seen as compared with untreated rats. This
      more fibrillar structure may be due to a loss of mucopolysaccharides. The severe
      destruction of cartilage must be related to the action of collagenase which only
      acts in areas with a close contact between cartilage and pannus.

PMID- 170759
TI  - Virological studies on gynaecological patients.
AB  - Endometrial epithelial cells and blood samples taken simultaneously with the
      curettage (first serum) of 138 patients suffering from menstrual bleeding
      disorders as well as materials obtained from 16 induced abortions, were studied
      for the presence of virus. Fourteen adenovirus 2 strains were isolated from
      samples of the patients. Endometrial epithelial cells of 35 patients were
      examined with immunofluorescence method and 23 of them displayed specific
      fluorescence referring to the presence of viral antigens, with adenovirus and
      herpesvirus antisera. Studying withserological reactions the first and second
      (convalescent) sera of patients, high titers were found against type 2
      herpesvirus in both sera, and titer rise against the latent adenovirus types in
      the second sera. Neither infective virus nor the presence of viral antigens were
      demonstrable in materials obtained from induced abortions.

PMID- 170761
TI  - Studies on the relationship between persistent lymphocytosis, infection with C
      type particles and presence of Trypanosoma theileri, associated with bovine
      enzootic leukosis.

PMID- 170760
TI  - [Early bacteriological diagnosis of infections after osteosynthesis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Postoperative infections after osteosynthesis belong to the most serious
      complications in traumatology. Efforts to prevent this danger by routine
      antibiotic prophylaxis are mainly rejected nowadays. Instead, it is studies
      whether infections can be diagnosed by bacteriological culture of secretions from
      Redon drains in patients with osteosynthesis for the purpose of starting an early
      specific antibiotic therapy. Bacteria were cultured from secretions of wounds in
      11.3% of samples from 177 patients. Staph. aureus was found most frequently and
      was responsible for most of the postoperative infections (Tab. 1).

PMID- 170762
TI  - [Uremic polyneuropathies].
AB  - The report is concerned with the results of a study of polyneuropathy in 75
      patients with acute and chronic renal insufficiency. The authors described the
      clinical characteristics of the different forms of neuropathy. In acute renal
      insufficiency the first signs of polyneuropathy appear during the stage of
      polyuria and are reversible. In chronic renal insufficiency and hemodialysis
      treatment of subclinical an sensory forms of neuropathy are mainly seen (2/3 of
      the patients). It was demonstrated that there was a retardation in the velocity
      of excitative conductivity through the nerves depending upon the severity of
      polyneuropathy. A longterm adequate hemodialysis may prevent the further
      development of polyneuropathy.

PMID- 170763
TI  - [State of the cerebral and peripheral blood circulation in chronic
      neurotoxoplasmosis].
AB  - In 124 patients with different forms of chronic neurotoxoplasmosis there was an
      increased tone of brain vessels without signs of a drop in the pulse blood
      repletion in the arteries of carotid and vertebro-basillar basins. There was also
      a decrease of the pulse blood repletion in the extremities (mainly in the lower)
      with a normal or insigficant increase of the tone in the vascular wall. A
      normalization of the rheographic curves in pharmacological tests and during
      treatment indicate a functional character of these changes in most of the cases.

PMID- 170764
TI  - Isolation, purification and properties of a factor from rheumatoid synovial fluid
      activating the latent forms of collagenolytic enzymes.
AB  - 1. An activator catalysing specifically conversion of latent forms of human
      leucocyte collagenase and gelatin-specific protease into the active forms, has
      been isolated from rheumatoid synovial fluid and purified 55-fold with a yield of
      16%. 2. Molecular weight of the activator is about 35 000. 3. The activator is
      thermolabile, and is irreversibly inactivated at pH below 5.5 or in the presence
      of low concentrations of trypsin or papain; it is resistant to the action  of
      lysozyme, hyaluronidase, diisopropylfluorophosphate, soybean trypsin inhibitor, p
      chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetamide and dithiothreitol. 4. The activator did not
      show any activity towards collagen, gelatin, casein, haemoglobin, histones,
      elastin or p-phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-peptide.

PMID- 170765
TI  - Steroid oxidoreductase activity of alcohol dehydrogenases from horse, rat, and
      human liver.
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase from horse (isoenzyme SS and ES, but not EE), rat and human
      liver were found to catalyze the NAD-dependent oxidation of 3beta-hydroxy groups
      in 5alpha- and 5beta-steroids of the C19, C21, and C24 series. The enzymes from
      horse and rat liver were more active on 5beta-than on 5alpha-steroids. This
      difference was most marked with the enzyme from rat liver, especially with 3beta
      hydroxyandrostan-17-ones and 3beta-hydroxypregnan-20-ones as substrates. The Km
      of isoenzyme ES from horse liver was lower for 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholanoic
      acid (0.4 muM) than for 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid (0.9 muM). 3alpha
      Hydroxysteroids were not substrates for the enzymes from horse and rat liver.
      Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase had low affinity for 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha (and
      5beta)-cholanoic acids, but oxidation could be clearly demonstrated by gas
      chromatographic analysis of the products.

PMID- 170766
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the liver.
AB  - Four cases of spontaneous rupture of the liver are reported. In all these cases,
      pathological processes in the liver caused the rupture, i.e. primary hepatoma in
      3 cases and a benign angiomatous tumour in one case. In one case, the diagnosis
      was not established until autopsy and in 3 cases at operation. In one of these
      latter cases, however, the bleeding source was not found until at a secondary
      surgical exploration. In none of the patients was the diagnosis suspected
      preoperatively. Four-quadrant puncture is highly recommended even in patients
      with only a slight suspicion of intra-abdominal hemorrhage. In cases with a
      ruptured solitary primary liver tumour, an acute liver resection might be
      performed. If there are multiple tumours--primary or secondary--simple hemostasis
      seems to be the treatment of choice. In patients with intra-abdominal hemorrhage,
      thorough palpation of the whole liver is an obligatory manovre during surgery.

PMID- 170767
TI  - Application of immunofluorescent technique in the cytologic diagnosis of human
      herpes simplex keratitis.
AB  - In cases of keratitis it is often desirable for a correct treatment that a rapid
      etiologic diagnosis is established. This can easily be accomplished by using the
      immunofluorescent tecnique for the demonstration of herpes simplex viral antigen
      in corneal epithelium cells.

PMID- 170768
TI  - Exfoliative cytopathologic studies in organ transplantation IV. The cytologic
      diagnosis of herpesvirus in the urine of renal allograft recipients.
AB  - Cellular changes of herpesvirus infection were found in 12 urine specimens from 4
      renal allograft recipients. The cytologic diagnosis of herpes infection in the
      urine of renal allograft recipients has not been reported previously and is
      significant because of recent suggestions that viral infection contribute to
      allograft rejections. We were unable to find a consistent correlation between the
      cytologic diagnosis of herpesvirus and transplant rejection in the patients we
      studied.

PMID- 170769
TI  - Cytopathogenicity of cytomegalovirus to human ecto- and endocervical epithelial
      cells in vitro.
AB  - The effect of cytomegalovirus on cell cultures initiated from human uterine endo-
      and ectocervix was studied. Pure epithelial cultures were obtained which differed
      in morphology depending on the source. The ectocervical cells grew in mosaic-like
      regular epithelial patterns, whereas endocervical cultures had a poorer
      intercellular cohesion, irregular polygonal cell form and curved cytoplasmic
      processes. Occasional fibroblastic colonies grew in three out of 32 ectocervical
      cultures and in none of the endocervical cultures. In the latter no cells with
      fibroblast-specific surface antigens could be seen. Ectocervical cells were
      resistant to cytomegalovirus infection; only in three out of 20 cultures could
      individual altered cells be detected. In contrast, endocervical cultures
      supported the growth of cytomegalovirus and at best 30 per cent of the explanted
      colonies showed cytologic alterations as well as virus-specific
      immunofluorescence. The various types of altered cells are described and it si
      concluded that endocervical epithelial cells may be the site of replication of
      human cytomegalovirus so commonly found in cervical secretions.

PMID- 170772
TI  - An attempt to influence by drugs recovery sleep after sleep deprivation.
AB  - Rats were deprived of sleep by placing them for 36 hours in a slowly moving drum.
      After this procedure, during recovery sleep, the latency of onset of the first
      rhombencephalic - paradoxical sleep period decreased and the proportion of
      telencephalic/rhombencephalic - slow wave sleep reversed (during the first hour
      of recovery sleep). Repeated administration during the deprivation period of
      physostigmine (0,5 mg/kg i. p. in 30 min intervals 20-30 times) inducing in
      waking animals in EEG pattern close to that of rhombencephalic sleep, or atropine
      (1 mg/kg i. p. in 60 min intervals 10-15 times) evoking an activity resembling
      telencephalic sleep, did not change the above measures of recovery sleep.
      Pharmacologically induced sleep-like patterns did not substitute for the sleep
      the rats were deprived off.

PMID- 170770
TI  - Adrenal mediation of the effect of excess ACTH on testosterone levels in male: a
      study of a patient with probable ACTH secreting medullary thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - An adult male patient with probable ectopic ACTH production by a medullary
      carcinoma of the thyroid, was studied before and after bilateral adrenalectomy.
      Pre-operatively, the patient had low plasma testosterone levels that returned to
      normal after surgery. The clinical course and study of the patient showed that,
      1) chronic excess of ACTH may lower plasma testosterone levels in man, and 2)
      that this may be mediated through its effect on the adrenals.

PMID- 170771
TI  - Oestrogen-inducible uterine progesterone receptors. characteristics in the
      ovariectomized immature and adult hamster.
AB  - In order to characterize the uterine progesterone-binding proteins of oestrogen
      primed and unprimed, ovariectomized immature and adult golden hamsters, cytosols
      were incubated with [3H]progesterone and/or other steroids and analyzed by
      sucrose-glycerol density gradient ultracentrifugation. Progesterone-binding
      components with sedimentation coefficients of 7S and 4.5S were found in the
      uterine cytosols, but not in the cytosols from the hypothalamus, pituitary,
      diaphragm, or small intestine. Oestradiol-17beta markedly elevated the level of
      7S uterine receptor and this increase appeared to be due to new receptor
      synthesis, since actinomycin D and cycloheximide blocked this response. Fifty to
      100 mug of oestradiol-17beta per kg body weight was found to promote a maximum
      increase in the 7S macromolecular component. The 7S receptor showed a tendency to
      saturate at 1 X 10(-7) M [1,2-3H]progesterone, indicating limited capacity. At a
      molar ratio of 100:1, unlabeled progesterone competed effectively for 7S and 4,5S
      [3H]progesterone binding, whereas 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, oestradiol-17beta
      and testosterone did not. Moreover, [1,2-3H]cortisol and [1,2-3H]corticosterone
      did not bind to the 7S receptor, implying steroid specificity. CI-628, a non
      steroid oestrogen antagonist, completely prevented [6,7-3H]oestradiol-17beta
      binding to its 8.5S uterine cytosol receptor, but was entirely without effect on
      7S and 4.5S [3H]progesterone binding. Pronase, but not DNase or RNase, abolished
      7S and 4.5S progesterone binding, suggesting that the binders are at least in
      part protein. Protamine sulphate and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate also obliterated 7S
      binding, implying that this receptor may be an acidic protein which contains
      sulfhydryl groups that are necessary for progesterone binding.

PMID- 170773
TI  - Stability of individual differences during paradoxical sleep in infants.

PMID- 170774
TI  - Some new observations in an intracranial germinoma.
AB  - A case of an intracranial germinoma from the suprasellar region of a 9-year-old
      girl was examined in the electron microscope. The tumor consists, for the most
      part, of both large polygonal and small lymphocyte-like elements. Annulate
      lamellae are common in the epithelial cells. The small blood vessels are
      fenestrated, and the endothelial cells contain tubular bodies, membrane-bounded
      vacuoles containing dense fluid and occasional tubules, arrays of tubules within
      the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a markedly irregular
      luminal surface. Dense, lamellated structures are present in the widened,
      collagen-containing perivascular spaces.

PMID- 170775
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations of tissue cultures from human fetal brain infected
      with the E variant of EMC virus.
AB  - Explant outgrowths from human fetal brain were infected with 104 plaque forming
      units of the E variant of the encephalomyocarditis virus. Ultrastructurally, the
      majority of the cultured cells were astrocytes containing a moderate amount of
      glial fibrils. The earliest alterations at 44 hrs after infection of the culture
      consisted of dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and moderate
      enlargement of the mitochondria with increased density of their matrix. Twenty
      hours thereafter, increased amounts of the rough ER and of free ribosomes were
      observed in the infected cells. This was followed by aggregates of larger dense
      particles which developed into a parallel lattice-like pattern within the
      cytoplasm, presumably presenting viral particles, without obvious cytonecrosis.
      The present observations of the continuous development of the crystalloid
      formation of the virus within the cytoplasmic matrix as well as the mode of
      formation of the free ribosomes adjacent to the ER support the previous
      hypothesis that, after the uptake of the virus into the cytoplasmic matrix, it
      associates with the ER, where production of viral RNA polymerase and of viral RNA
      is initiated.

PMID- 170776
TI  - Chick muscle in tissue culture: the ubiquity of viral infection.
AB  - In chick skeletal muscle fibers cultured from embryos of commercially obtained
      "normal" eggs we have demonstrated numerous C-particles and large amounts of
      avian leucosis/sarcoma envelope antigen, especially when cultured in the presence
      of dinitrophenol. C-particles were present in t-tubules, which were possible
      intracellular viaducts of infection or dissemination and perhaps were the loci of
      receptors of viral invasion of the cytoplasm and sites of egress. The abundant
      lace-like membraneous proliferations, probably of t-tubules, usually had C
      particles adjacent to or within them and perhaps were virus-provoked. Questioned
      is the validity of using cultured muscle, or extract, of embryos from ordinary
      chicken eggs for analysing normal biological phenomena--or conversely, is viral
      influence "normal" in chick development?

PMID- 170777
TI  - [Cerebral granular cell tumor in the rat after intraperitoneal application of
      aflatoxin b1 during pregnancy (author's transl)].
AB  - On a rat, which has spontaneous died 12 months after 4 times i.p. application of
      aflatoxin during pregnancy, there has been found a frontal tumor barely of the
      size of a pepper-corn which came out from the leptomeninx. A comparison to the
      Abrikossoff tumor concerning the light- and electron-microscope as well as the
      nucleic-acid concentration is justified. The protein content of the granula of
      the tumor cells is higher than the values known in the granular-cell myoblastoma
      of man.

PMID- 170778
TI  - Hematogenous cells in experimental Japanese encephalitis.
AB  - Four adult mice were injected with 3H-thymidine repeatedly so that in their
      brains only circulating blood cells were labelled with 3H-thymidine. They then
      received an intracerebral injection of Japanese encephalitis virus, were
      sacrified on the 3rd, 4th and 5th day after inoculation: the brains were examined
      by light and electron microscopic autoradiography. Inflammatory cells appearing
      in the brain parenchyma and perivascularly in the acute stage of the experimental
      Japanese encephalitis are derived from circulating mononuclear leukocytes. They
      assume the shape of "rod cells" and are the main constituents of the "glial
      nodule" in the brain parenchyma. Their fine structural characteristics are
      discussed.

PMID- 170780
TI  - Fine structure of intercellular junctions and blood vessels in medulloblastomas.
AB  - Six medulloblastomas were studied by electron microscopy. Two features were found
      which seem to be constant and essential characteristics of medulloblastoma.
      First, cell junctions are abundant between tumor cells. These are mostly
      desmosome-like but other, closer junctions, were also seen. Second, the capillary
      endothelia contain frequent tubular bodies and other inclusions which may be
      related to them.

PMID- 170779
TI  - Vascular and neuroglial changes in experimental herpes simplex encephalitis
      enzyme histochemical study.
AB  - An enzyme histochemical study of experimental herpes simplex encephalitis of the
      mouse has revealed a decrease in the number of capillaries displaying alkaline
      phosphatase activity. Glial cells showed increased Inosine 5 diphosphatase and
      ATPase activity. These enzyme histochemical changes were distributed throughout
      the nervous parenchyma while the lesions, seen by light microscopy, are localized
      to well defined areas. Mice inoculated with a pure culture of irradiated HSV
      failed to show the above mentioned modifications.

PMID- 170781
TI  - Phagocytosis in the choroidal endothelium of the ischaemic rabbit eye.
AB  - Phagosomes containing membranous debris were found in the choroidal endothelium
      of rabbits following periods of acute pressure ischaemia and also accompanying
      periods of post-ischaemic recovery. The membranous debris may be of visual cell
      origin and pass into the choroid by a transpigment epithelial route. Ischaemia
      may be a sufficient stimulus to induce the vascular endothelium to engulf this
      material. The phagosomes were found only in ischaemic or post-ischaemic tissue.

PMID- 170783
TI  - Damage to the stria vascularis in the guinea pig by acute atoxyl intoxication.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to show the morphological degeneration at the
      ultrastructural level, after damaging the stria vascularis experimentally. The
      acute lesions, after acute atoxyl intoxication, occur after about 12 hours, and
      begin as a degeneration of both the marginal and the intermediate cells, whereas
      the basal cells remain mainly unaffected. The severely damaged marginal or
      intermediate cells may become loosened from the stria vascularis and rejected
      from it into the endolymphatic space. Under such conditions the basal cells may
      line the surface facing the endolymph, although this occurs very rarely.
      Intially, there may be a slight bulging of Reissner's membrane, but soon the
      membrane becomes depressed, and sometimes a total collapse occurs, with
      Reissner's membrane flattened over the tectorial membrane against the organ of
      Corti. It is only seldom that Reissner's membrane touches the strial surface.
      Mitochondrial degeneration with formation of intramitochondrial inclusion bodies
      is an interesting early finding in the damage pattern.

PMID- 170782
TI  - Development of osteopenia in the fourth lumbar vertebra during prolonged bed rest
      after operation for scoliosis.
AB  - The fourth lumbar vertebra was studied with dual photon absorptiometry in a group
      of young women immobilized in bed for 21 to 46 days after operation for
      scoliosis. Twelve out of 13 showed loss of bone content. The monthly loss in most
      patients highly exceeded earlier reported losses from other bones and
      significantly exceeded the methodological error.

PMID- 170784
TI  - Mechanism of the formation of megamitochondria induced by copper-chelating
      agents. III. Formation and some biochemical properties of megamitochondria
      induced by diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC).
AB  - Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), a copper-chelating agent, has induced
      megamitochondria in mouse hepatocytes simply by feeding the animal with a diet
      containing the noxious agent. Megamitochondria have been isolated from the liver,
      specified above, in a medium containing albumin. Phosphorylating capacities of
      such megamitochondria have revealed that they are tightly coupled. Biochemical
      properties of megamitochondria, such as cytochrome contents, activities of copper
      containing enzymes. and contents of Cu2+, strongly suggest that copper-chelating
      action of the agent may not be related to the formation of megamitochondria just
      as in the case of cuprizone-induced megamitochondria. Moreover, contents of
      divalent metals such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ were drastically decreased in the
      mitochondrial preparation specified above. Similarities in biochemical aspects of
      DDC-induced megamitochondria to those of cuprizone-induced megamitochondria
      together with ultrastructural changes in the liver and clinical appearances of
      the mouse treated with the agent would strongly suggest that the mechanism of the
      formation of megamitochondria induced either by DDC or by cuprizone may be the
      same.

PMID- 170785
TI  - The relationship of gastrointestinal endocrine cells to gastric epithelial
      changes with special reference to gastric cancer.
AB  - Using advanced gastric adenocarcinoma and carcinoid as human material and gastric
      adenocarcinoma in rats induced by MNNG and in mice by localized X-irradiation of
      the stomach as experimental material, a pathological study was made on the
      relationship of gastric endocrine cells to gastric cancer. The results of the
      present study suggest that most of the endocrine cells in the cancer tissue are
      derived from the differentiation of cancer cells. Therefore, the following three
      may be given as the aformentioned relationship, that is, 1) carcinoid of
      endocrine cell origin, 2) endocrine cell carcinoma showing undifferentiated
      adenocarcinoma, and 3) endocrine cell cloning developed from the differentiation
      of cancer cell of adenocarcinoma. There is the possibility that most of 2) are of
      3) origin and thus 2) and 3) should be discriminated from 1), having a
      functioning tumor in rare cases. The significance of reactive hyperplasia of
      endocrine cells in the non-metaplastic mucosa of the stomach around cancer and
      atypical epithelium is not yet determined, but that of EC cell seems at least to
      be related with the development of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 170786
TI  - The formation of enlarged and giant mitochondria in the aging process of human
      hepatic cells.
AB  - Measurement of area, circumference and total length of membrane profile of
      mitochondria of hepatic cells in 61 human biopsy materials (age range 21 to 81
      years) have been ultramicrometrically performed on electron micrographs,
      supplemented by electroncytochemical examination of cytochrome c oxidase activity
      in some cases. The mitochondria decreased in number after 60 years of age. The
      first stage of compensation for the numerical loss of mitochondria was achieved
      by an increase of cristae in each mitochondrion, followed with a five year lag by
      an increase in their size. Formation of enlarged and giant mitochondria in aging
      process following the significant decrease in their number, may be considered to
      be of similar mechanism to polyploidization of the nucleus, whose division is
      interfered.

PMID- 170787
TI  - Induction of metastasizing carcinoma in rats and their biological
      characteristics.
AB  - Induction of a spontaneously metastasizing carcinoma in rats was attempted. Four
      week-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were thymectomized or/and splenectomized and
      fed 200 mg (20 mg times 10) of 3-methylcholanthrene from 7 weeks of age. In
      addition to these treatments, the early-appearing tumors were excised in order to
      select by isoimmunity the late-appearing ones that were less antigenic. The
      latter were easily transplanted into normal syngeneic female rats with metastasis
      to remote organs. This metastasizing capacity of the tumor became an inherent
      character in syngeneic normal rats from generation to generation of
      transplantation. With one of these tumors (MRMT-1) many cancer cells were
      histologically detected in circulating blood 3 days after tumor transplantation
      and arrested in capillary beds of lungs. The spontaneous metastasis to lymph
      nodes and lungs was macroscopically found within several weeks after tumor
      transplantation.

PMID- 170788
TI  - Time course of changes in plasma renin after blockade of the renin-system.
      Studies of conscious and anaesthetized, normal, adrenalectomized and
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Inhibition of the angiotensin I converting enzyme with SQ 20.881 results in a 2
      to 35 fold increase in plasma renin concentration in normal rats and in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats. The effect is transient, lasting for 1 to 3
      hours even in the presence of prolonged blockade. The relative increase is
      independent of the pretreatment plasma renin concentration. The blood pressure is
      unchanged in conscious rats in which the effect of SQ 20.881 on plasma renin is
      believed to be due to a blockade of the negative feedback of angiotensin II on
      renin release. In anaesthetized rats, SQ 20.88) has an additional hypotensive
      effect which augments the increase in plasma renin. Saralasin is without effect
      on blood pressure and plasma renin in conscious normal rats and in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats, while it causes a transient 3 to 27 fold increase in plasma
      renin concentration in anaesthetized rats. It is suggested that this increase is
      hardly due to an interception of the feedback, but to the concomitant fall in
      blood pressure, as a similar hypotension and increase in plasma renin is produced
      by dihydralazine. It is furthermore found that Saralasin blocks renin release
      induced by SQ 20.881. This demonstrates that Saralasin is bound to the receptors
      in the juxtaglomerular cells and has slight, agonistic properties there. Both in
      conscious rats and in anaesthetized adrenalectomized rats substituted with DOCA
      and salt, SQ 20.881 as well Saralasin causes transient increases in plasma renin
      concentration. If such rats are only substituted with salt and not with DOCA, the
      effects of both blockers are in the form of severe hypotension and a permanent
      elevation of plasma renin.

PMID- 170789
TI  - The possible utilization of nuclear pockets of lymphocytes in the diagnosis of
      enzootic bovine leucosis.
AB  - A comparative study of the presence of lymphocytosis and nuclear pockets in
      lymphocytes was carried out using blood samples from animals belonging to herds
      with bovine enzootic leucosis and from herds free from leucosis. It was found
      that there was a correlation between the presence of such nuclear projections in
      a certain percentage of the lymphocytes and a state of lymphocytosis. As this
      correlation seemed to be independent of the aetiology of the lymphocytosis, it
      was not considered possible to employ the demonstration of nuclear pockets as a
      more specific tool in the diagnosis of bovine enzootic leucosis than the
      lymphocyte counts in themselves.

PMID- 170790
TI  - Canine mycoplasmas: cultural and biochemical studies of type and reference
      strains.
AB  - Media and conditions for cultivation of type and reference strains of the
      mycoplasmas presently known (except M. bovigenitalium, A. laidlawii and
      Ureaplasma strains) to occur in dogs are described. The colonial morphology,
      ultrastructure, filterability and absence of reversion confirmed that the strains
      belong to the order of Mycoplasmatales. All strains were cholesterol dependent
      and therefore of the family Mycoplasmataceae, genus Mycoplasma. Finally the most
      useful biochemical characteristics are specified.

PMID- 170791
TI  - Subtyping of herpes simplex virus.
AB  - A number of different techniques to be used for the subtyping of herpes simplex
      virus (HSV) strains were studied. The strains were inoculated on chorio-allantoic
      membranes of embryonated eggs and on green monkey kidney (GMK) cells in order
      that the morphology of plaques produced might be observed. They were classified
      serologically by determination of K-values and inoculated intracerebrally in mice
      in order that their pathogenicity for mice might be observed. The inhibitory
      effect of high concentrations of thymidine on the multiplication of the strains
      in GMK cells cultures and the heat-stability of the virus-induced thymidine
      kinases were investigated. Rates of inactivation of the strains in the presence
      of AgNO3 were compared and, finally, the association of focal liver necrosis in
      intraperitoneally inoculated mice with the results of the serological typing was
      observed. The results suggested that the liver necrosis test was simple as well
      as accurate and useful as a screening typing-test. Reliable results were also
      obtained serologically and by the method demonstrating differences in the heat
      stability of viral thymidine kinase. Using the other methods studied,
      difficulties to obtain clear-cut or reproducible typing results were encountered.

PMID- 170792
TI  - Enzyme activities and muscle strength after "sprint training" in man.
AB  - Sprint type strength training was performed 3-4 times a week for 8 weeks by 4
      healthy male students (16-18 yrs). The training was carried out on a treadmill at
      high speed and with high inclination. Muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus
      lateralis before and after the training period for histochemical classification
      of slow and fast twitch muscle fibres and for biochemical determination of
      metabolites and enzyme activities. Muscle fibre type distribution was unchanged,
      whereas fibre area indicated an increase for both fibre types in 3 subjects after
      training. The muscle enzyme activities of Mg2+ stimulated ATPase, myokinase and
      creatine phosphokinase increased 30, 20, and 36 percent, respectively. Muscle
      concentration of ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) did not change with training.
      Sargent's jump increased with on average 4 cm (from 47 to 51 cm), maximal
      voluntary contraction (MVC) with 19 kp (from 165 to 184 kp), and endurance at 50
      percent of MVC with 9 s (from 47 to 56 s), respectively. After training all
      subjects showed a gain in body weight (mean 1.4 kg) and in thigh circumference
      (mean 1.5 cm) indicating a larger leg muscle volume and consequently also an
      increase in total ATP and CP.

PMID- 170793
TI  - Characterization of the metabolism of exogenous cyclic AMP by perfused rat heart
      and incubated prepubertal rat ovary.
AB  - In order to study the metabolism of extracellular 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate
      (cAMP), rat hearts were perfused and prepubertal rat ovaries incubated with 3H-
      and 32P-labelled cAMP (0.025-1 muM). The rate of disappearance of cAMP from the
      medium was determined by "Ba-Zn-precipitation" and degradation products of 3H-
      and 32P-CAMP by paper chromatography. Both tissues degraded cAMP to 5'-adenosine
      monophosphate (AMP), but the enzyme kinetic for this phosphodiesterase activity
      was different (apparent Km value for the heart 3.95 muM and for the ovary 0.2
      muM). AMP was further degraded, since also other labelled substances were found
      in the medium. An uptake of both 3H- and 32P-labelled substance(s) into the heart
      and the ovary was noticed. Tissue extracts contained several labelled purines,
      but the amounts of labelled cAMP did not exceed expected amounts in the
      extracellular space. In the ovary the uptake of cAMP and AMP seemed to be low,
      since the uptake of labelled substances was inhibited by high concentrations of
      unlabelled AMP or adenosine. The degradation of 32P-cAMP was unchanged when AMP
      was present, strongly suggesting that the phosphodiesterase enzyme was acting
      extracellularly. In the heart added AMP was very rapidly degraded making it
      impossible to elucidate whether cAMP was degraded extracellularly or not. It is
      concluded that elimination of extracellular cAMP under physiological conditions
      can be due to degradation of cAMP by various tissues. At least for the ovary this
      phosphodiesterase enzyme is extracellularly active.

PMID- 170794
TI  - Imitation of glucagon effects on splanchnic hemodynamics and liver function by
      N6,2'-O-dibutyryl 3',5'-cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) in cats.
AB  - Fasting cats anesthetized with chloralose were used for the experiments. DBcAMP
      infused at a rate of 340 nmol/kg/min increased the gastrointestinal and
      intrahepatic portal conductances whereas the hepatic arterial conductance was
      decreased. The hemodynamic responses to portal and systemic venous administration
      of DBcAMP were identical. In  half of the experiments DBcAMP increased the
      splanchnic ethanol elimination rate and oxygen consumption and in all experiments
      there was a decrease in the plasma clearance and extraction ratio of Indocyanine
      Green. No change in bile flow was observed. DBcAMP infused at a rate of 85
      nmol/kg/min was without significant effects on either splanchnic hemodynamics or
      liver metabolism. DBcAMP infused at a rate of 850 nmol/kg/min accentuated the
      decrease in hepatic arterial conductanc- but was found to decrease the splanchnic
      ethanol elimination rate and oxygen cownsumption. Infusion of cAMP, AMP and
      adenosine at a rate of 340 nmol/kg/min were without measurable effects. Based on
      these results it is concluded that like the metabolic effects also the vascular
      effects of glucagon are caused by stimulation of specific glucagon receptors
      which results in an intracellular release of cAMP.

PMID- 170795
TI  - Rat liver mitochondrial enzyme activities in hypoxia.
AB  - Rat liver mitochondrial enzyme activities were measured after exposing the
      animals to the atmospheric pressure of 380 mm Hg for 5 h and 14 days. Succinate
      dehydrogenase and succinate oxidase activities increased significantly during the
      hypoxic period of 14 days. No change was observed in cytochrome oxidase activity.
      Malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities increased somewhat,
      but not significantly. The efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (the ADP:O
      ratio) in the isolated mitochondria remained unchanged. The exact mitochondrial
      protein values showed a 15% decrease as compared with the control group. The
      concentrations of cytochromes did not change significantly in the hypoxic group.
      During the short hypoxic period succinate dehydrogenase, succinate oxidase and
      cytochrome oxidase activities increased as compared with those in the control
      group.

PMID- 170796
TI  - Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia. IV. ECG at rest and during
      exercise and its relation to various lipoprotein classes.
AB  - Among approximately 20,000 apparently healthy subjects whose serum cholesterol
      and triglyceride (TG) values were screened at a health examination, those with
      the most pronounced hyperlipidaemia have been selected for further studies. Thus,
      188 males and 126 females, aged 30-65 years, with asymptomatic primary
      hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) and 59 male and 69 female controls with non-elevated
      serum lipids were studied with regard to frequency of ST segment depressions
      during exercise to near maximal heart rate. Furthermore, the concentrations of
      cholesterol and TG were determined in the lipoprotein (LP) classes very low
      (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density LP, separated by preparative
      ultracentrifugation. From the LP analysis each subject's HLP was classified
      according to the typing system of HLP recommended by the WHO. The frequency of ST
      depressions (Minnesota code 4.1-4.3 as well as 4.1-4.4) increased with age, was
      higher in females than in males and was increased in all types of HLP in males.
      The percentage frequencies of ST depressions 4.1-4.4 in the various types of HLP
      were (male/female, p against controls): controls 16/36, type IIA 50 (p less than
      0.01)/56, type IIB 64 (p less than 0.01)/75 (p less than 0.01)/75 (p less than
      0.05), type III 67 (p less than 0.01)/33 and type IV HLP 40 (p less than 0.01/53.
      There was no significant difference in the frequencies of ST depressions in
      subjects with "high" and "low" BP (hypertensives were excluded from the study) or
      in subjects with "high" and "low" k-value for the i.v. glucose tolerance. Non
      smokers had a tendency to higher frequencies of ST depressions than smokers. The
      association between different LPs and other "risk factors" and the occurrence of
      ST depressions in HLP were studied further with multiple regression analysis.
      Invariably age was the best predictor of ST depressions. The LP fraction giving
      the highest correlation coefficient was LDL cholesterol in both sexes. VLDL TG
      and LDL TG were also positively and significantly associated with ST depressions.
      HDL cholesterol was negatively but insignificantly correlated to ST depressions.
      When age and LDL cholesterol had been entered into the multiple regression, the
      only factor giving further significance was VLDL TG in males. Probability tables
      for the occurrence of ST depressions considering age and different levels of LDL
      cholesterol and VLDL TG were given. The importance of simultaneous consideration
      of both VLDL TG and LDL cholesterol in ST segment depression was evident from the
      tables. Of other "risk factors" (BP, glucose tollerance, smoking, ESR) entered
      into the regression together with only age and the LPs, only ESR contributed with
      borderline significance to ST depressions.

PMID- 170797
TI  - Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia. V. Peripheral circulation.
AB  - The occurrence of early signs of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) of the lower
      limbs has been studied with digital pulse plethysmography in 160 men and 123
      women above the age of 35, who were all subjectively healthy but were found to
      have primary hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) at a health control centre. Quantitative
      analysis of serum lipoproteins with cholesterol and triglyceride (TG)
      determination of each of the very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density
      lipoprotein clases together with lipoprotein paper electrophoresis was performed.
      Identical investigations were performed on control subjects with non-elevated
      serum lipids. Inclination time (IT) was substantially prolonged in 12% of HLP
      males and 7% of HLP females. The frequency of male subjects with prolonged IT was
      lower when only LDL was elevated (type IIA) than in the other types of HLP. The
      subjects with prolonged IT had three characteristic features. 1) Moderate
      elevations of both serum cholesterol and TG. These elevations occurred often in
      both VLDL and LDL lipoprotein classes. IT prolongations were not seen when VLDL
      or LDL lipoproteins were singly maredly elevated. 2) High frequency of smokers.
      3) Most of the subjects were above the age of 50. The results suggest that the
      most atherogenic lipoprotein abnormalities to the arteries of the lower limb are
      on the one hand the relatively TG-rich part of the LDL (LDL1) fraction and on the
      other hand the relatively cholesterol-rich part of the VLDL fraction. Furthermore
      the results stress the deleterious influence of smoking even in the preclinical
      stage of PVD.

PMID- 170798
TI  - Studies on the serum lipid and lipoproteins in steatosis of the liver.
AB  - In a medical department, specialized in liver diseases, 45 patients (33 men and
      12 women) suffering from steatosis of the liver have been examined with reference
      to serum lipid abnormalities. Twenty-eight of the patients were chronic
      alcoholics. Annual check-ups, including biopsy of the liver, were made to
      evaluate the development of the steatosis. The patients did not receive treatment
      with drugs or diet. Thirteen patients showed hypercholesterolemia, 16 increased
      serum triglyceride and 8 increased serum phosphorus lipid. Two showed a type I
      lipoprotein anomaly and 33 a type II-like pattern, defined as increased beta
      lipoprotein associated with increase of serum cholesterol, was found in four
      cases. Three had a type III and three a type IV abnormal pattern, with increased
      pre-beta-lipoprotein and serum triglyceride levels. Correlation analysis revealed
      correlations between pre-beta-lipoprotein and serum triglyceride as well as
      between serum triglyceride and serum free fatty acid levels.

PMID- 170799
TI  - Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia. I. Types of
      hyperlipoproteinaemias and serum lipoprotein concentrations, compositions and
      interrelations.
AB  - 1. In order to study lipoprotein (LP) abnormalities in asymptomatic subjects with
      hyperlipidaemia, serum cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were determined in
      about 20 000 active professional men and women attending a health control linked
      to their employment. 2. Quantitative LP analysis with preparative
      ultracentrifugation, separating very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density
      LP was subsequently performed on the sera of 314 asymptomatic subjects, who at
      the screening had serum cholesterol larger than or equal to 350 mg/100 ml and/or
      TG larger than or equal to 3.5 mmol/l. Cholesterol and TG concentrations were
      serum and on the top and bottom fractions after separation in the ultracentrifuge
      at d=1.006. Typing of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) was based on the concentration
      of VLDL TG and LDL cholesterol and in addition, in the case of type III and V
      HLP, the presence of a "floating beta" LP and fasting chylomicronaemia,
      respectively. 3. To illustrate the lipid values in the screened total population
      distributions of serum cholesterol and TG are given in the age range 41-45 years.
      In this age range mean serum cholesterol in fasting/non-fasting state was 239+/
      2/238+/-1 mg/100 ml in males and 232+/-2/239+/-2 mg/100 ml in females.

PMID- 170801
TI  - Differential inhibition of phosphodiesterase according to the organ origin of the
      enzyme.
AB  - Essential differences in the degree of papaverine [5 x 10(-5) M]- and
      theophylline [1 x 10(-3) M]-induced inhibition of cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase (PDE) were found in homogenates from different structures of
      the CNS as well as from different organs of male albino rats. Both inhibitors of
      PDE showed a mosaic pattern of their inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity of
      the brain structures tested. Papaverine inhibited PDE by 36 percent in the spinal
      cord, 53 percent in the cerebellum, 56 percent in the cortex, and 75 percent in
      the brain stem. Theophylline inhibited PDE least in the cerebellum (26 percent )
      and most markedly in the brain stem (68 percent). Still larger differences were
      observed in the inhibitory action of papaverine and theophylline on PDE of the
      organs tested (e.g., papaverine inhibited PDE by 6 percent in the heart and 73
      percent in the spleen; theophylline inhibited PDE by 26 percent in the adrenals
      and by 72 percent in the heart. The mosaic sensitivity of PDE in different organs
      and brain structures to papaverine and theophylline was considered as an
      expression of isoenzyme heterogeneity.

PMID- 170800
TI  - Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia. Clinical, biochemical and
      physiological investigations.
AB  - 1. To determine lipoprotein (LP) abnormalities, clinical characteristics and
      preclinical signs of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic subjects with
      hyperlipidaemia serum cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were
      determined in 20,000 subjects attending a health control centre linked to their
      employment. 2. Three hundred and fourteen asymptomatic subjects with serum
      cholesterol larger than or equal to 350 mg/100 ml and/or TG larger than or equal
      to 3.50 mmol/l in the screening test but without signs or symptoms of secondary
      hyperlipideaemia or history of cardiovascular disease were examined further. 3.
      LP analysis with preparative ultracentrifugation separating very lof cholestrol
      and TG concentrations in each fraction was performed. LP paper electrophoresis
      was run on while serum and on top and bottom fractions after separation in the
      ultracentrifuge at d=1.006. Typing of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) was performed
      according to WO based upon the values of for VLDL and LDL. Exercise ECG was
      performed on a heart rate controlled bicycle ergometer. The subjects worked at
      constant predetermined heart rates. ECG at rest and furing exercise was
      interpreted without knowledge of whether or not the subject has HLP and coded
      according to the Minnesota criteria. Digital pulse plethysmography was performed
      on the lower limbs....

PMID- 170802
TI  - Structure and function of bonito ferrocytochrome c at 2.3A resolution.

PMID- 170803
TI  - The role of hydrogen peroxide production and catalase in hepatic ethanol
      metabolism.

PMID- 170804
TI  - Experimental ethanol ingestion: sleep variables and metabolites of dopamine and
      serotonin in the cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 170805
TI  - Do sleep patterns relate to the desire for alcohol?
AB  - A measure of disposition to drink in alcoholics was developed using a progressive
      ratio schedule for reduction of delay in receiving a drink of two ounces of 95
      proof ethanol. This measure showed increased disposition to drink during early
      abstinence compared to lab abstinence (more than seven days) during experimental
      intoxication compared to lab abstinence and shortly after a low dose drink during
      late abstinence. A multiple regression analysis of this measure for four subjects
      after alcohol withdrawal, showed significant effects for days abstinent and EEG
      sleep variables, particularly stage REM%. Low REM% was associated with high
      values for the disposition to drink. REM sleep deprivation, however, failed to
      significantly alter the measure of disposition to drink. Results are interpreted
      as supporting the hypotheses that sleep disturbances relate indirectly to the
      disposition to drink.

PMID- 170806
TI  - A note on REM rebound during experimental alcohol withdrawal in alcoholics.

PMID- 170807
TI  - Behavioral concomitants of the relationship between baseline slow wave sleep and
      carry-over of tolerance and dependence in alcoholics.

PMID- 170809
TI  - Aging and the regulation of hormones: A view in October 1974.

PMID- 170808
TI  - Changes in hormone binding and responsiveness in target cells and tissues during
      aging.

PMID- 170810
TI  - Calcium pyrophosphate-induced pleurisy in rats: a new model of acute
      inflammation.
AB  - A model is described of acute inflammation in the pleural cavity of rats using
      calcium pyrophosphate as the irritant. This model would seem to simulate the
      pseudogout syndrome. It has been shown to be acute in onset, dominated by
      polymorphonuclear cells, complement independent. The advantage of the model is
      that volume of exudate, numbers and types of cells may be quantitated.
      Prostaglandins and cyclic AMP have been measured in the migrating cells. The
      significance of these findings has been discussed.

PMID- 170811
TI  - The response of normal and iron anemic calves to nasal infection with an
      attenuated strain of parainfluenza-3 virus.

PMID- 170812
TI  - Virus inactivation by ethylene oxide containing gases.

PMID- 170814
TI  - Free silica analysis of environmental samples-a critical literature review.
AB  - The various analytical procedures for the analysis of free silica in
      environmental samples all suffer serious deficiencies, to the extent that there
      is no acceptable routine method. Each sample represents a minor research effort.
      Many of the uncertainties are related to an amorphous surface layer on quartz.

PMID- 170813
TI  - A comparison of the relative rates of hemolysis induced by various fibrogenic and
      non-fibrogenic particles with washed rat erythrocytes in vitro.
AB  - Correlations between in vitro hemolytic activity and the in vivo fibrogenic
      activity of a number of particulate materials are demonstrated. Fibrogenic
      particles are capable of inducing hemolysis, while non-fibrogenic particles are
      not. It is suggested that particulates inducing a rate of hemolysis greater than
      1 X 10(-4) min-1 may be fibrogenic.

PMID- 170815
TI  - 1975 Yant Memorial Lecture New aspects on dust and pneumoconiosis research.
AB  - This lecture deals with pneumoconiosis, in particular with fibrotic tissue
      reactions caused by SiO2 and asbestos dusts in the lungs. The term "fine dusts"
      is defined in connection with the setting up of MAC-values. The aerodynamical
      diameter of particle shaped and fibrifom dust is set forth. Results of the
      fundamental research with SiO2, Coal mine and asbestos dusts in animal and cell
      experiments are explained.

PMID- 170816
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of right atrial extension of Wilms' tumor.
AB  - A fourth case is presented of propagation of Wilms' tumor to the right atrium
      through the inferior vena cava. Ultrasonic examination of the heart was
      diagnostic of the tumor and the diagnosis was confirmed by angiographic studies
      and surgical exploration. This report provides the first echocardiographic
      description of a right atrial tumor in a child.

PMID- 170817
TI  - Renewal of the epithelium in the descending colon of the mouse. IV. Cell
      population kinetics of vacuolated-columnar and mucous cells.
AB  - Proliferation and migration of cells in the vacuolated-columnar and mucous cell
      lines were studied in the descending colon of adult female mice given a single
      injection or a continuous infusion of 3H-thymidine and killed at various
      intervals from one hour to 12 days. This investigation was carried out using one
      mum-thick Epon sections which were radioautographed after staining with the
      periodic acid-Schiff technique and iron-hematoxylin. In the normalized crypts
      with ten equal segments, labeled vacuolated cells at one hour after injection of
      3H-thymidine were encountered in the lower four segments and in decreasing
      numbers in segments 5 through 7. From the percent labeled cells in segments of
      the crypt, the birth rate and fluxes of cells were computed. Moreover, it was
      found that a cell in the vacuolated-columnar cell line would undergo three
      mitotic cycles on the average from its birth at the cryptal base to its extrusion
      from the surface; of these three cycles, the last one which took place from
      segment 3 to segment 7 appeared to be a changeover from dividing cells to non
      dividing cells, in accordance with the "slow cut-off" model of Cairnie et al.
      ('65b). Mucous cells located in segments 1 through 6 of the crypt were capable of
      incorporating 3H-thymidine and thus capable of undergoing mitosis. However, the
      rate of turnover of mucous cells based on proliferative rate was found to be much
      lower than the rate of turnover of mucous cells based on the transit time in the
      non-dividing segments of the crypt. Since there was a concomitant overproduction
      of cells in the vacuolated cells and newly formed mucous cells in the lower
      portion of the crypt, it was concluded that some vacuolated cells would give rise
      to mucous cells. This putative transformation occurred in the lower four segments
      of the crypt. Mucous cells which were formed by transformation would migrate
      upward along the cryptal wall and accumulate more mucus in the theca; in doing
      so, they would undergo two divisions, on the average, before they became non
      dividing mucous cells. In ascending the cryptal walls, both vacuolated-columnar
      cells and mucous cells appeared to migrate at a similar speed; they moved much
      slower at the base of the crypt and accelerated toward the upper portion of the
      crypt, but they migrated at a constant speed in the non-dividing segments of the
      crypt.

PMID- 170818
TI  - Cytopathological effects of estradiol on the arcuate nucleus of the female rat. A
      possible mechanism for pituitary tumorigenesis.
AB  - Large subcutaneous doses (2 mg/21 days) of estradiol valerate (EV) given over
      several months will induce a prolactin and growth hormone-secreting pituitary
      tumor in female rats. The medial basal hypothalami (MBHs) of such EV-treated
      animals were examined at different time intervals with light and electron
      microscopes to determine whether EV affects the MBH and to relate any observed
      effects to the process of tumorigenesis. The MBHs of extensively treated rats
      exhibited profound glial and neuronal changes. The filament content of astrocytes
      was greatly increased and large dense pleomorphic inclusions filled both
      astrocytic perikarya and processes. Degenerating neuronal elements have been
      observed in the neuropil of extensively treated animals. Dark cells identified as
      M cells were seen to engage in phagocytosis and were loaded with dense
      inclusions. Some neurons in MBH contained large quantities of lipofuscin that was
      different in appearance from that of normal females of the same age. The glial
      reaction developed gradually. At earlier stages of EV treatment there were fewer
      reactive glia and these contained fewer inclusions. Myelin figures often occurred
      in these early inclusions. Reactive glia in EV-treated rats did not appear in the
      preoptic area, dorsomedial nucleus or lateral hypothalamus but were found in
      ventromedial nucleus. Retired breeders and starvation-stressed rats resembled
      normal controls. These pathological changes in MBH may result from a direct
      effect of EV on the hypothalamus. It is possible that, in addition to its effects
      on the hypophysis, EV suppresses or injures hypophysiotropic cells in MBH, thus
      releasing pituitary chromophobes from inhibitory hypothalamic influences. This
      could result in hypersecretion and neoplasia.

PMID- 170819
TI  - Quantitative morphology and carbohydrate histochemistry of the mouse
      submandibular gland following prepubertal castration.
AB  - The endocrinologic basis for morphological and biochemical sex differences in the
      mouse submandibular gland have not been clarified. Previous studies have
      emphasized the maintenance of glandular differences in adult animals, rather than
      considering the factors responsible for their developmental etiology. Male CD-1
      mice were castrated at intervals between 10 and 50 days of age and killed at 100
      days. The quantitative development of granular tubules and the carbohydrate
      histochemistry of the submandibular glands were compared to untreated males and
      females. The area of granular tubules increased with age at castration. Nested
      analysis of variance indicated significant differences among treatments and among
      sections within individual glands. No group of castrated males had a greater
      development of tubules than untreated females. Carbohydrate histochemistry
      demonstrated an increase in carboxylated mucosubstances in the acinar cells and
      granular tubule cells of castrated animals.

PMID- 170820
TI  - Comparison of the adaptive changes in disaccharidase, glycolytic enzyme and
      fructosediphosphatase activities after intravenous and oral glucose in normal
      men.
AB  - Seven subjects were fed a 3,000 kcal defined formula diet daily for 19 days.
      Except for one 5-day period, 50% of the total caloric intake was provided as
      either oral or intravenous glucose. The study was divided into four periods as
      follows: period I lasted 5 days and provided 50% of calories as glucose; period
      II lasted 5 days and provided no carbohydrate (70% fat and 30% protein); period
      III lasted 4 days and provided 50% of calories as intravenous glucose and 50% of
      calories as oral fat plus protein; period IV lasted 5 days and provided 50% of
      calories as oral glucose. Intestinal biopsy specimens were taken on days 3 and 5
      of each period, except period III when biopsies were done only on day 4. No
      change in intestinal morphology occurred during the study. The carbohydrate-free
      diet caused the alpha-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase) activities to decrease
      significantly from that seen with the glucose diet. Sucrase decreased from 14.4
      +/- 1.0 to 7.1 +/- 0.9 mumoles/min per g tissue and maltase decreased from 56.1
      +/- 3.4 to 30.0 +/- 2.1 mumoles/min per g tissue. Glycolytic enzyme activities
      decreased during the carbohydrate-free period (pyruvate kinase decreased from 236
      +/- 12 to 78 +/- 8, fructose 1-phosphate aldolase decreased from 147 +/- 6 to 53
      +/- 4, fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase decreased from 151 +/- 8 to 55 +/- 3,
      and hexokinase decreased from 21 +/- 3 to 7 +/- 1 nmoles/min per mg protein,
      respectively). Intravenous glucose caused no change in disaccharidase activities.
      The enzyme activities during periods I and IV were identical and significantly
      higher than during period II with the exception of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase
      which increased during period II as compared with periods I and IV. These
      findings provide an explanation for the transient period of decreased tolerance
      to dietary sugars when patients are weaned from total parenteral feedings to
      enteral feedings.

PMID- 170821
TI  - The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 170822
TI  - Fatal disseminated adenovirus infection in a renal transplant recipient.
AB  - A 61 year old woman died of diffuse interstitial adenovirus pneumonia 55 days
      after receiving a cadaveric renal allograft. The adenovirus was serologically
      distinct from the 33 known human adenovirus serotypes and appears to represent a
      new human adenovirus. Pathologic and virological findings indicate that the
      pneumonia was only one manifestation of a disseminated infection, the source of
      which may have been a latent adenovirus infection preexisting in the donor
      kidney. The establishment of the etiologic diagnosis in this case, which was
      complicated by the presence of oculocutaneous and esophageal herpes simplex virus
      infection as well as focal pulmonary aspergillosis, required coordinated
      histopathologic and virological investigation. Our findings demonstrate that
      severe viral infections in transplant recipients are not caused exclusively by
      members of the herpesvirus group.

PMID- 170823
TI  - Letter: Luteoma of pregnancy.

PMID- 170824
TI  - Placental insufficiency in relation to postterm pregnancy and fetal postmaturity.
      Evaluation of fetoplacental function; management of the postterm gravida.
AB  - As pregnancy extends post term, incidence of placental insufficiency, fetal
      postmaturity (dysmaturity), and fetal perinatal death increases rapidly as a
      consequence of reduced respiratory and nutritive placental function. Despite a
      compensatory fetoplacental respiratory reserve capacity, fetal distress is
      observed in about one third of postterm pregnancies. On a biochemical level,
      placental pathophysiology in postterm-postmaturity pregnancies is not well
      understood. Postmaturity is correlated with increased incidence of placental
      lesions, fetal hypoxia-asphyxia, intrauterine growth retardation, increased
      perinatal death, and neonatal morbidity. Early diagnosis of fetal postmaturity is
      difficult because currently applied test methods allow recognition only when
      placental insufficiency is far progressed. Therefore, in postterm gravidas with a
      favorable cervix, induction of labor should be considered; in older
      primigravidas, in whom fetal losses may be sevenfold increased, or in multiparas
      with a history of obstetric complications, pregnancy may require termination by
      cesarean section. Pregnancy may be allowed to continue under close supervision in
      cases of uncertainty of duration of gestation, in gravidas carrying small babies,
      in young primigravidas, and in multigravidas in whom placentofetal function tests
      are normal. As long as fetal scalp blood sampling during labor does not show
      fetal acidosis, despite abnormal fetal heart rate pattern and meconium release,
      vaginal delivery may be attempted when deemed possible within a few hours. In
      parturients attention must be paid to the extent of uterine activity and type of
      medication; lateral positioning of the gravida and maternal oxygen breathing,
      facilitating fetal oxygen supply, are important features. Because during bearing
      down efforts placentofetal respiratory reserves of postterm gravidas may become
      further compromised, immediate delivery by forceps or vacuum extraction may be
      considered. After delivery the umbilical cord should not be clamped immediately
      in order to allow increased fetal blood supply and to counteract fetal
      hypovolemia. Dysmature newborn infants require special care by the neonatologist.

PMID- 170825
TI  - The epidemiology and interrelationship of cervical dysplasia and type 2
      herpesvirus in a low-income housing project.
AB  - This report examines the association between cervical dysplasia and herpes
      simplex virus type 2 antibodies in a low-income housing project, Atlanta,
      Georgia. We established a clinic in this project at which women could receive a
      breast examination and Papanicolaou smear and have blood drawn to be tested for
      herpesvirus type 2 antibodies. Prevalence of herpesvirus rose sharply as age
      increased. There was a significant absence of antibodies in young, nulliparous
      women. Dysplasia showed a tendency to be related to age, age at first pregnancy,
      and total number of pregnancies. None of these associations was significant. The
      major finding of the study was that the 15- to 24-year-old women with herpesvirus
      had a relative risk of 5.44 of having cervical dysplasia compared to women
      without herpesvirus antibodies. these data are consistent with the concept that
      herpesvirus infections may be etiologically related to the initiation of cervical
      neoplasia. However, a cohort study is needed to determine whether herpes
      infection precedes or follows the earliest neoplastic changes.

PMID- 170826
TI  - Evaluation of serum progesterone during treatment of malignant trophoblastic
      disease.
AB  - Serial assays of serum progesterone and serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
      were performed in eight cases of choriocarcinoma before and during treatment of
      the disease. Serum progesterone was measured by the competitive protein-binding
      technique and serum HCG was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition method.
      Serum HCG gives a better index of response of the tumor to treatment when
      compared to serum progesterone. In cases where the ovaries are still present
      serum progesterone does not disappear completely when the disease is eradicated
      and fluctuates cyclically, thus reflecting ovarian activity. However, in most
      cases with pulmonary secondaries, serum progesterone was elevated in spite of
      undetectable serum HCG. With widespread metastases serum progesterone rose to
      pregnancy levels and remained persistently high. Cerebrospinal fluid progesterone
      in a case of choriocarcinoma with cerebral metastasis was 5 ng. per milliliter,
      which was very much higher than in normal pregnant subjects. The findings of
      serum progesterone in comparison to serum HCG during therapy of choriocarcinoma
      are discussed.

PMID- 170827
TI  - Intrauterine pressure wave form characteristics in hypocontractile labor before
      and after oxytocin administration.
AB  - The data demonstrate that the contractions of hypocontractile active labor and
      normal spontaneous labor are different in several measures in addition to maximal
      amplitude. Furthermore, when the pathophysiology is corrected by the use of
      oxytocin, the contractions resemble those of normal spontaneous labor except in
      the maximal rate of tension development. Our data tend to support the subcellular
      model of uterine contractility, although the incompleteness of these models
      limits interpretation.

PMID- 170828
TI  - Purification of human placental estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase study of the
      steroid-binding site.
AB  - Human placental estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase has been purified by affinity
      chromatography. The purified enzyme is homogenous by polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis. To study topography of the steroid-binding site, 16 alpha
      bromoacetoxyestradiol 3-methyl ether was synthesized with estriol 3-methyl ether,
      bromoacetic acid, or [2-3H] bromoacetic acid and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The
      steroid alkylates cysteine, histidine, methionine, and tryptophan under
      physiologic conditions. Being a substrate of the enzyme, it must bind at the
      steroid-binding site. The steroid inactivates the enzyme in a time-dependent,
      irreversible manner. Inactivation of the enzyme by excess 16 alpha
      bromoacetoxyestradiol 3-methyl ether follows pseudo--first-order kinetics with
      t1/2 = 1.5 hours. Amino acid analysis reveals that a histidyl residue is
      carboxymethylated. Estradiol-17 beta slows inactivation; 2-mercaptoethanol stops
      it. Previous studies have shown a histidyl residue also present at the catalytic
      region of the active site of 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from
      Streptomyces hydrogenans. It is tempting to consider that these histidyl residues
      may be an essential component for the dehydrogenation of the steroid substrates.

PMID- 170829
TI  - Effects of estrogens on systemic and regional circulations in normal and renal
      hypertensive sheep.
AB  - Effects of estrogen administration on systemic and regional circulation were
      studied in normotensive and renal hypertensive, chronically instrumented
      nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. Arterial pressure, cardiac output, and uterine,
      renal, superior mesenteric, and iliac blood flows, as well as uterine oxygen
      transfer, were monitored before and after intravenous administration of Premarin
      or estradiol-17 beta. The results show that: (1) estrogen administration produces
      a marked decrease in uterine vascular resistance and increase in uterine blood
      flow and oxygen transfer, lasting for about 2 hours; (2) arterial pressure,
      cardiac output, and other regional blood flows were not affected by estrogens;
      (3) the magnitude of uterine vasodilatation produced by estrogens was greater in
      the hypertensive than in the normotensive animals; it was also greater in the
      nonpregnant than in the pregnant state; these findings indicate that the
      magnitude of uterine vasodilatation depends on the status of the uterine vascular
      resistance in the resting state; (4) blockade of the autonomic nervous system at
      various levels, as well as administration of a mild antihistaminic agent, failed
      to alter the magnitude of the estrogen-induced uterine vasodilatation. These
      results indicate that estrogens act directly on the uterine vascular bed and
      produce a redistribution of flows and resistances in the body; the precise sites
      of this redistribution are not as yet determined.

PMID- 170830
TI  - Fibrous histiocytoma of the corneoscleral limbus.
AB  - A 21-year-old white woman had an apparently benign fibrous histiocytoma at the
      corneoscleral limbus. By histopathologic and ultrastructural studies, the tumor
      consisted of lipid-containing histiocytes and fibrocytic cells arranged in a
      storiform configuration with a collagenous interstitium. After an excision, the
      lesion gradually decreased in size and did not recur in a five-month follow-up
      period.

PMID- 170831
TI  - Clinical and immunologic responses in patients with viral keratoconjunctivitis.
AB  - Of 120 individuals suffering from follicular conjunctivitis, with or without
      keratitis, 56 had epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 8. The
      remaining 64 patients had keratoconjunctivitis produced by several different
      viruses, including herpes simplex, adenoviruses types 3, 7, 8, 16, 21, and 29,
      and others. Positive viral cultures were difficult to obtain after the first week
      of illness in most viral infections. Serologic tests were far more successful in
      indetifying causative agents. Hemagglutination-inhibition tests in adenovirus
      infections proved to be fast, accurate, and more sensitive than other serologic
      tests. Among the epidemic and nonepidemic adenovirus groups, the degree of
      corneal involvement in the infections appeared to be correlated with the level
      antibody against the infectious agent. Patients with low antibody titers had more
      severe keratitis than those with high titers. This correlation was true for both
      the epidemic and non epidemic patients.

PMID- 170832
TI  - Solitary benign enchondroma of the hand discovered during orthodontic
      examination.

PMID- 170833
TI  - Intralysosomal formation of amyloid fibrils.
AB  - Unusual inclusions, which occurred in the reticuloendothelial cells intimately
      associated with fresh amyloid deposits, were analyzed by electron microscopy. The
      inclusions were located in the areas rich in the primary lysosome type of dense
      bodies and the cytoplasmic invaginations containing well-oriented amyloid
      fibrils. They were single-membrane-bounded, measured 0.3 to 0.8 mu in width and
      0.5 to several microns in length, and showed considerable variation in the
      electron density of their contents. The latter consisted of two different
      ultrastructural elements: fibrillar profiles and a homogeneous or finely granular
      electron-dense substance. The fibrillar profiles were virtually identical in
      ulstrastructure to the amyloid fibrils and were well-oriented parallel to the
      long axis of the inclusion. The homogeneous or finely granular electron-dense
      substance appeared to be comparable to that composing the dense body matrix. The
      inclusions were usually acid phosphatase positive, but did not take up
      intravenously injected Thorotrast particles. These data led us to conclude that
      these inclusions were transitional forms from the usual dense bodies to the deep
      cytoplasmic invaginations containing well-oriented amyloid fibrils (which are
      accepted by most investigators as the sites of amyloid formation) and thus
      constitute direct evidence for the involvement of lysosomes in amyloid fibril
      formation.

PMID- 170834
TI  - Mechanism of lymphoma cell death induced by cyclic AMP.
AB  - A mouse lymphoma tissue culture line, S49, is killed by isoproterenol,
      choleratoxin, or prostaglandin E1, inducers of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in these cells,
      or by the analog dibutyryl (db) cAMP. Cell death follows arrest in the G1 phase
      of the cell cycle. Mutant subclones obtained by growing S49 with dbcAMP were
      resistant to killing. They were deficient in cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These
      results are discussed in relation to the possible physiologic role of cAMP
      induced cell death in T-cell differentiation.

PMID- 170835
TI  - Typhoid fever. Public health aspects.

PMID- 170836
TI  - Intraperitoneal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in experimental adhesion
      disease and peritonitis.
AB  - Intraperitoneal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were studied in rats during
      silica-induced adhesion formation or fecal peritonitis. Measurements of PO2 and
      PCO2 in the abdominal cavity were performed by means of an implanted Silastic
      tonometer. During active adhesion formation one to three weeks after
      administration of silica, the intra-abdominal PO2 decreased by 50 per cent from
      normal whereas the intra-abdominal PCO2 and the rate of oxygen consumption in the
      peritoneum were elevated. Progressing peritonitis also resulted in decreased
      intraperitoneal PO2 and increased accumulation of carbon dioxide in the
      peritoneal cavity. In rats with peritonitis the rate of oxygen consumption in the
      peritoneal exudate clearly exceeded that in the peritoneal membrane.

PMID- 170837
TI  - Ligation of a branch of the portal vein for carcinoma of the liver.
AB  - Portal branch ligation, a new surgical treatment for unresectable carcinoma of
      the liver, was performed in twenty patients. All the patients tolerated the
      procedure, and morbidity and mortality were minimal, even in patients in poor
      general condition. The responses to ligation differed considerably, but
      significant palliation was attained in some patients and one survived six years.
      The effect of portal branch ligation on the tumor appears to be closely related
      to the degree of tumor vascularity, tumor malignancy, and portal circulatory
      disturbances such as cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or portal thrombosis. We
      believe that the present procedure can be recommended for clinical application in
      some patients with unresectable carcinoma of the liver.

PMID- 170838
TI  - Epstein-Barr Virus antibodies in patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx and
      carcinoma of other sites in the head and neck.
AB  - Serum antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus were significantly elevated in a
      group of twenty-three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma as compared with
      eighty-six patients with cancer of other sites in the head and neck and 222 age
      matched controls. Our findings in this group of patients support the suggestion
      of an association between the Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PMID- 170839
TI  - Cancer of the parotid gland. A clinicopathologic study of 288 primary cases.

PMID- 170840
TI  - Sebaceous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland.
AB  - Sebaceous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare lesion. A review of the
      English literature reveals nine previously reported cases. Two cases are
      presented in which the tumor was originally diagnosed as mucoepidermoid
      carcinoma. Aggressive treatment of the recurrence, which was subsequently
      recognized as sebaceous cell carcinoma has resulted in apparent cure. Histologic
      features and possible histogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 170841
TI  - Pre-operative neutralization of gastric acidity.
AB  - The incidence of Mendelson's syndrome in the four major Auckland hospitals is
      reviewed. The frequency of this condition was reduced following the pre-operative
      administration of magnesium trisilicate mixture in two hospitals. A trial was
      conducted in a third hospital and this showed that a 52 per cent incidence of
      highly acid gastric juice (pH less than 2.5) in patients prepared for elective
      surgery was reduced by administration of magnesium trisilicate mixture at the
      time of premedication. When the magnesium trisilicate mixture was given within
      the 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia, the number of patients with
      highly acid gastric content fell to one per cent.

PMID- 170842
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the action of dexamethasone.
AB  - The antioedematous action of dexamethasone was assessed in 28 patients with
      supratentorial and infratentorial intracranial tumours and craniocerebral trauma.
      The criteria of evaluation included the state of consciousness, signs of focal
      cerebral injury, autonomic disturbances and signs of raised intracranial
      pressure. The greatest improvement was obtained in patients having intracranial
      tumours with herniation of the brain stem. In cases of extensive craniocerebral
      trauma no evident improvement was achieved.

PMID- 170843
TI  - Cytoplasmic inclusions of neurons in the monkey visual cortex (area 19).
AB  - Several unusual neuronal inclusions were found in certain cells of the rhesus
      monkey visual cortex (Area 19): 1. Filamentous bodies, present in the small
      stellate cells of layer IV, globoid, 0.3-0.6 mum in diameter, consisting of fine
      50 A filaments in a hexagonal meshwork. These are often associated with the
      labyrinthine bodies. 2. Labyrinthine bodies found exclusively in the small
      stellate cells of layer IV, including certain neurons with dispersed ribosomes.
      These are 0.4-0.7 mum in diameter and consist of 900 A wide tubes which
      interconnect with one another. The walls of these tubes are continuous and made
      up of a sheet or honeycomb lacework of small hexagonal 150 A subunits. 3. This
      inclusion, an aggregate 0.3-0.7 mum in size, consists of small membrane-bounded
      vesicles with a single dense granule associated with other non-membrane bound
      small dense droplets. The inclusions are always associated with the maturing face
      of the Golgi complex of certain layer IV pyramidal cells; as such, they may be an
      unusual product of the Golgi apparatus. These observations were confirmed by
      examination of stereo pairs of electron micrographs. Speculations are made with
      regard to possible functions for these inclusions.

PMID- 170844
TI  - Modulation of spinal-cord function by anesthesia.

PMID- 170845
TI  - Re-evaluation of dosage and duration of action of d-tubocurarine in the pediatric
      age group.
AB  - A cumulative dose-response curve for d-tubocurarine based on body weight was
      determined for 44 infants and children 1 day to 7 years of age during halothane,
      nitrous oxide and oxygen anesthesia. Depression of thumb adduction was measured.
      Age difference did not affect the mean dose-effect response. Infants less than 10
      days old, however, showed the wideest deviation of responses. When the effect of
      d-tubocurarine is determined by twitch response, infants and children are more
      resistant to d-tubocurarine and recover faster than adults from similar levels of
      neuromuscular depression. Monitoring of neuromuscular function by train-of-four
      stimulation proved as useful as it is in adults.

PMID- 170846
TI  - Letter: Ectopic production of ACTH by a minor salivary gland tumor.

PMID- 170848
TI  - Applications of immunohistochemistry to studies on monoamine cell systems with
      special reference to nervous tissues.

PMID- 170847
TI  - Progress in the application of new immunoenzymatic methods in virology.

PMID- 170849
TI  - Studies on Epstein-Barr virus-associated antigens.

PMID- 170850
TI  - Mechanism of action of neurotoxins.
AB  - This paper is a summary of studies over the past few years that pertain to animal
      neurotoxins. These toxins are found throughout the animal kingdom. Homologies
      exist in the structures of these poisons within classes and point to conservation
      of active sites throughout evolution. In the case of the peptides, invariant
      amino acids may be involved in the active site, be essential for maintaining the
      shape and conformation of the molecule or serve as a fulcrum for folding of the
      peptide chain after synthesis. At the nuclear or DNA-level, a constant base
      sequence may regulate gene operation so that only a specific amino acid is coded.
      Physiologically, and with ultrastructural and biochemical correlation, the
      predominant mode of action of neurotoxins relate to one or the other of the major
      activities of the excitable cell,--on conductile activity affecting Na+ or K+
      permeabilities, on output or secretory activities affecting the release of
      neurotransmitter or on in put generator activities affecting the receptor
      molecules for transmitter themselves. The future of these animal neurotoxins in
      neurobiological research is secure. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms, by
      which these various physiological activities of excitable tissue are expressed,
      will surely involve one or more of these fascinating, naturally-occurring
      compounds.

PMID- 170851
TI  - [The structure of biological membranes: localization of
      sulfoquinovosyldiglyceride in various membranes of chloroplasts using specific
      antibodies].
AB  - The sulfoquinovosyl pole of at least a part of the sulfolipid molecule, in the
      envelope and the thylakoids of chloroplasts, is accessible to the specific
      antibody. Agglutination of the chloroplasts is due to the sulfolipid which is
      located on the envelope and uniformly distributed on the external surface.
      Reactivity of the sulfolipid located on the membrane of thylakoids, when exposed
      to the corresponding antibody, appears to be different from the sulfolipid
      reactivity of the envelope: the antibody fails to agglutinate the thylakoids.
      Thylakoids altered by osmotic chock are sensitized to agglutination.
      Immunoenzymatic studies followed by electron microscopy  revealed the presence of
      the sulfolipid on the membrane of the various thylakoids. The local reactions did
      not appear to be continous.

PMID- 170852
TI  - Regulation of bacterial ppGpp and pppGpp.

PMID- 170853
TI  - [Determination of the penicillin acylase activity of E. coli cultures using a
      method of gas-liquid chromatography].
AB  - Penicillinacylase activity was determined in E. coli by the product of
      benzylpenicillin destruction, i.e. phenylacetic acid formed under the effect of
      the enzyme. The determination was performed on a chromatograph. The immobile
      phase consisted of 10 per cent of ethylenglycol edipate on chromosorb A, modified
      with 2 per cent H3PO4. Nitrogen was used as the gaseous carrier. The method is
      rapid and handy for mass testing of the cultures with a purpose of detecting
      penicillinacylase-producing strains. It provided reliable determination of
      penicillinacylase in the cultures producing simultaneously beta-lactamase,
      another penicillin-destroying enzyme.

PMID- 170854
TI  - [Rifampicin effectiveness in experimental anaerobic gas infection].
AB  - The inhibitory effect of rifampicin against most of 82 strains of pathogenic
      Clostridia was evident at a concentration of less than 0.1 gamma/ml. The
      bactericidal concentrations were close to the bacteriostatic ones with respect to
      74 strains. The protective effect of rifampicin in mice with experimental
      anaerobic gaseous infaction caused by different species of pathogenic Clostridia
      was evident at doses of 0.5 mg/kg. In infections caused by associations of
      Clostridia and Staph. aureus resistant to other antibiotics, rifampicin was
      effective, while ampicillin had no protective effect. Rifampicin administered 24
      to 96 hours before the infection prevented the specific process. A number of
      other antibiotics, such as ampicillin, cephaloridin, morphocycline and 7-chlor-7
      desoxylincomycin had no such a capacity. The prolonged prophylactic effect of
      rifampicin was associated with maintenance of low antibiotic levels in the blood
      and muscle tissues which were higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations.
      The effect of rifampicin against the background of a rapidly developing process
      was less pronounced and limited in time.

PMID- 170856
TI  - Mecillinam (FL 1060), a 6beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivative: bactericidal
      action and synergy in vitro.
AB  - A newly described 6beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivative, mecillinam (formerly
      called FL 1060), showed a high in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae. The
      effect on Escherichia coli was bactericidal and was due to lysis of the cells.
      The longer the culture grew under the influence of mecillinam or the lower the
      inoculum, the greater the bactericidal effect. The morphology of the cells
      changed towards large spheric forms (2 to 5 mum) under the influence of
      mecillinam. Consequently a great discrepancy between the optical density and the
      viable count was seen. The morphologically abnormal cells could be protected
      against lysis in vitro by addition of ionized compounds such as sodium chloride.
      Abnormal cells were more sensitive to ampicillin than normal cells. As expected
      synergy could be demonstrated between mecillinam and ampicillin. This was marked
      under experimental conditions where the abnormal cells were protected against
      lysis.

PMID- 170855
TI  - Bactericidal activity of superoxide anion and of hydrogen peroxide:
      investigations employing dialuric acid, a superoxide-generating drug.
AB  - The addition of dialuric acid (a superoxide-generating drug) to a suspension of
      resting human neutrophils resulted in a stimulation of cellular hexose
      monophosphate shunt activity. Measurement of oxygen consumption demonstrated a
      rapid rate of oxygen uptake by the drug alone in aqueous solution. The subsequent
      addition of catalase (but not of superoxide dismutase) resulted in a substantial
      release of oxygen, indicating that H(2)O(2) was accumulating in the media. The
      generation of O(2) (-) by the drug was verified by measuring the rate of
      reduction of cytochrome c by the drug in the presence and absence of authentic
      superoxide dismutase. The growth of Escherichia coli B and Staphylococcus aureus
      was inhibited in vitro by addition of the drug to a suitable culture media; the
      degree of inhibition was dose dependent. This inhibition of bacterial growth
      could be completely reversed by the addition of as little as 5 mug of purified
      catalase, but was not affected by concentrations of superoxide dismutase that
      were 2,000-fold higher. These results suggest that the dialuric acid-induced
      stimulation of hexose monophosphate shunt activity in neutrophils is due to
      accumulated H(2)O(2). Further, the contribution of superoxide to the bactericidal
      activity towards E. coli and S. aureus is probably minimal compared with that of
      H(2)O(2).

PMID- 170857
TI  - Mode of action of polymyxin B: physiological studies with Bacillus subtilis
      resistant mutant.
AB  - Polymyxin B resistance in Bacillus subtilis can be suppressed by the synergistic
      action of lysozyme or of an analogous cell wall lytic activity released by B.
      subtilis spores during germination. Such a synergistic effect is probably due to
      partial cell-wall digestion by lysozyme that allows polymyxin to reach its site
      of action and is therefore distinct from the analogous synergistic effect
      described by other authors in Escherichia coli. In the latter case polymyxin B
      probably damaged the outer membrane, allowing lysozyme to reach and digest the
      cell wall.

PMID- 170858
TI  - Irreversible inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication in BSC-1 cells by
      zinc ions.
AB  - Zinc sulfate added to the medium of herpes simplex virus-infected BSC-1 cells, at
      a concentration of 0.1 mM, inhibited the synthesis of infectious virus progeny by
      95 to 96%. A concentration of 0.2 mM zinc sulfate inhibited herpes simplex virus
      synthesis by 99.8% as determined by centrifugation in sucrose gradients and by
      plaque assay on BSC-1 monolayers. The inhibition of herpes simplex virus
      replication in BSC-1 cells was found to be irreversible.

PMID- 170859
TI  - Detection of animal viruses in coastal seawater and sediments.
AB  - Animal viruses, predominantly enteroviruses, were detected in shallow water at
      bottom depths and in clastic marine sediments. Viruses accumulated in sandy and
      slimy deposits of the sea bottom near the shore and could be easily released into
      water by means of simple mechanical shaking.

PMID- 170860
TI  - A survey of the regulatory activity of some phosphorylated and dephosphorylated
      forms of troponin.

PMID- 170861
TI  - Effect of chloramphenicol and starvation for an essential amino acid on the
      synthesis and decay of T4 bacteriophage-specific messengers transcribed from
      early and quasi-late promoters.

PMID- 170862
TI  - Mechanisms of H2O2 formation by leukocytes. Properties of the NAD(P)H oxidase
      activity of intact leukocytes.

PMID- 170863
TI  - Inhibitory properties of N-nicotinyl-N' (substituted) urea analogs of NAD.

PMID- 170864
TI  - Studies on cyclic adenosine 3' ,5'-monophosphate levels, Adenylate cyclase and
      phosphodiesterase activities in the dimorphic fungus Mucor rouxii.

PMID- 170865
TI  - Cell attachment to a substratum and cell surface proteases.

PMID- 170866
TI  - Cold resistance of the brain during hibernation. Temperature sensitivity of the
      partial reactions of the Na+, K+-ATPase.

PMID- 170867
TI  - Studies on the reaction mechanism of DT diaphorase. Intermediary plateau and
      trough regions in the initial velocity vs substrate concentration curves.

PMID- 170868
TI  - Human pituitary growth hormone. Intrinsic lipolytic activity on rabbit fat cells.

PMID- 170870
TI  - Eczema herpeticum. Treatment with methylene blue and light.
AB  - Kaposi varicelliform eruption due to herpes simplex virus (eczema herpeticum) is
      a serious disease in infants, with occasional fatal outcome. Photoinactivation
      therapy consisting of local application of methylene blue followed by light
      exposure resulted in rapid improvement both clinically and virologically.
      Methylene blue, at a concentration of 10(-5)M was found to be viricidal to
      herpesvirus in the light but not in the dark.

PMID- 170869
TI  - The pyridine nucleosidases from Bacillus subtilis and Neurospora crassa.
      Isolation and structural properties.

PMID- 170871
TI  - Failure of laboratory and radiological studies to predict jejunal mucosal
      atrophy.
AB  - Of 58 children with suspected malabsorption, 27 were shown to have subtotal or
      partial atrophy, and 31 had normal mucosal histology. Oral glucose tolerance
      tests, faecal fat excretion, D-xylose excretion tests, Prosparol absorption
      studies, haematological investigations, and radiological examination of the small
      bowel failed to distinguish these two groups and frequently gave misleading
      results. It is concluded that in suspected coeliac disease small intestinal
      biopsy should be performed as a primary investigation.

PMID- 170872
TI  - Nitrogen dioxide and the erythrocyte redox state.
AB  - Normal human erythrocytes were exposed for two hours at 38 C to an atmosphere of
      air containing variable concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, in order to detect
      any primary cytoplasmic effect of NO2 on the calculated oxidation-reduction
      (redox) ratio ([NAD+]/[NADH]) of a mitochondria-free cell. Substantial increases
      in the redox ratio were noted only when NO2 concentrations exceeded 15 ppm. In
      the range of 15 to 500 ppm NO2, the increase in the redox ratio significantly
      correlated with the NO2 concentration (r=.71; p less than .01). Intracellular to
      extracellular anion distribution ratios for chloride, lactate, and pyruvate were
      similar in NO2 and non-NO2 exposed cells, suggesting absence of a substantial
      hemolytic effect. These data identify a direct cytoplasmic NO2-induced
      biochemical change that may be mediated by a mechanism other than lipid
      peroxidation. Alteration of hemoglobin or NAD-NADH-dependent enzyme activity is
      suggested.

PMID- 170873
TI  - [Monosynaptic and polysynaptic cerebral reflexes during wake-sleep cycle in cats
      with implanted electrodes].

PMID- 170874
TI  - [Face and skull of man as a possible basis for identification in the past and
      present].

PMID- 170875
TI  - [14 cases of constrictive endocardial fibrosis (or endomyocardial fibrosis].
AB  - Constrictive endocardial fibrosis (CEF) or endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) was
      studied on 14 files of this rather frequent disease in Ivory Coast. On the basis
      of the data derived from angiocardiography, catheterization and mechanograms, the
      clinical signs are interpreted better. Thus one is able to describe with accuracy
      some clinical forms, the commonest of which being a right heart restriction
      combined with left-sided signs. It seems important underline how useful the
      external pulse recordings might be useful for the diagnosis in view of their
      analogy with the pressure curves. In this disease with a severe course, bold
      surgical treatments provide some hope. On the contrary, its aetiology remains
      mysterious. Our best landmark being the link of CEP with tropical ecology, and in
      particular, in our cases, with the warm and damp forest ecology of some areas.

PMID- 170876
TI  - [Role of proteins in memory].

PMID- 170877
TI  - [Neonatal hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism secondary to Langerhans'
      polyadenomatosis. Recovery after pancreatectomy].
AB  - Report of a case of a neonatal hypoglycemia detected at the 11th hour of life,
      secondary to a Langherans polyadenomatosis in a girl with an hemihypertrophy. Pre
      and post-operative tests are reported. In case of neonatal hypoglycemia, the
      criteria leading to the diagnosis of hyperinsulinism, i.e. the only neonatal
      hypoglycemia with surgical treatment are reviewed. Except in the case of adenoma,
      the pancreatectomy should be performed subtotally. The best time for surgery is
      as soon as the 3rd week, in order to preserve the cerebral development.

PMID- 170878
TI  - [Hypophyseal gonadotropin secretion in sexual precocity with McCune-Albright's
      syndrome].
AB  - In three young girls with isosexual precocity and fibrous dysplasia of bones,
      plasma gonadotropins (LH and FSH) response to releasing hormone (LH-RH) has been
      much under the mean response in true female precocious puberty. These data and
      those previously reported in the literature suggest that MacCune-Albright's
      syndrome correlates to an hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction rather than to a true
      prematurity.

PMID- 170879
TI  - [Hepatic amebiasis in an infant].
AB  - Case report of a 8 month-old North-African infant with liver amebiasis. This
      disease is not rare in young children and may be observed in all endemic zones of
      amebiasis. The clinical characteristics, special for the age, and the biological
      features are reviewed. The diagnosis relies on immunological tests. Treatment is
      essentially medical, metronidazole often being effective.

PMID- 170880
TI  - [Letter: Acute tyrosinosis with lactic acidosis].

PMID- 170881
TI  - [Proceedings: Isolation of herpesvirus].

PMID- 170882
TI  - [A transplantable myeloid hamster leukemia with high peripheral leukocyte counts
      and C-particles. II. Histology and cytochemistry (author's transl)].
AB  - Results on morphologic and hematologic characterization of a hamster leukemia
      capable of both cellular and cellfree transmission are described. Solid tumors
      removed in the course of several passages of leukemia animals, after producing
      blood smears, and spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, kidney and
      lung were investigated histologically and histochemically. The morphological
      picture of the hamster leukemia has not changed during several transplantation
      generations. In addition to solid tumours, typical leukemic infiltration were
      detected histologically in spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, kidneys and
      lung. No leukemic proliferation was noticed in the thymus. The final stage of the
      disease is characterized by an abrupt occurrence of high leukemic cell counts.
      The demonstration of alkaline phosphatase, but especially of naphtol-AS-D
      chloroacetate esterase, in the leukemic cells is interpreted as indicating
      malignization of cells of the granulocytic line.

PMID- 170883
TI  - Growth inhibition of sarcoma 180 induced by silica and talc.
AB  - In applying amorphous silica and talc in the site of solid Sarcoma 180 implants,
      the authors found a suppression and delay of tumor growth which was proveked by
      peritumoral foreign-body granulomas. Correlating these findings which those
      experiments which resulted in granulomas of hypersensitivity type, it may be
      suggested that any kind of peritumoral chronic inflammation enables an anti-tumor
      effect.

PMID- 170884
TI  - [Alcoholic polyneuropathy. Electrophysiological and clinical findings in 85
      patients (author's transl)].
AB  - Maximum motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities, amplitudes of muscle
      action potentials (surface electrodes) and of sensory nerve action potentials,
      and needle electromyograms were studied in 80 patients with alcoholic neuropathy
      and in 5 chronic alcoholics without clinical signs of neuropathy. The
      electrophysiological results were compared to the clinical findings. Neurographic
      criteria compatible with the diagnosis "alcoholic neuropathy" were defined.
      Neurographic findings contrary to a diagnosis of alcoholic etiology were
      demonstrated in 3 patients. Only in a smaller group of patients could a reduction
      of conduction velocity be found, especially in regions of peripheral nerve
      entrapment. A decrease in conduction velocity outside of the entrapment sites can
      be explained in some cases by segmental demyelination in chronic hepatitis or
      cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 170885
TI  - Immunoglobulins and their relative neutralizing efficiency in cattle immunized
      with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis--parainfluenza-3 (IBR-PI-3) virus vaccine.
AB  - The localization of anti-IBR and anti-PI-3 activity in the serum and nasal
      secretory immunoglobulins following intranasal immunization of cattle with a
      mixed vaccine (IBR-PI-3, MLV, TCO) was studied and was found to reside in the
      nasal secretory IgA, serum IgM and IgG fractions. The computation of their
      relative virus neutralizing efficiencies from kinetic data revealed their order
      of neutralizing efficiencies to be IgM greater than IgA greather than IgG.

PMID- 170886
TI  - [Sensitivity of various primate cells and animal viruses to the antiviral
      activity of human leukocyte interferon (author's transl)].
AB  - U cells (a permanent, human amnion cell line) were protected against infection
      with Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) by human interferon (HIF) from peripheral
      leukocytes. Despite the usual genus-specific action of interferons, mouse L929
      cultures (a permanent mouse fibroblast cell line) were also protected by HIF. The
      antiviral action of HIF in six other primate cell cultures was also examined. It
      is of interest that two lymphoblastoid cell lines, RPMI1788 and Kaplan, were
      insensitive to HIF. The sensitivity of ten different viruses against HIF in
      primary African green monkey kidney cell cultures was compared. Among the viruses
      tested SFV was the most sensitive whereas two strains of vaccinia virus were
      barely inhibited. In contrast, type 1 herpes simplex virus was relatively
      sensitive to the action of HIF.

PMID- 170887
TI  - Interferon assessment by the immunofluorescent, immunoperoxidase, and
      hemadsorption cell-counting techniques.

PMID- 170888
TI  - Structural and growth characteristics of two avian reoviruses.
AB  - Two virus strains which had been suspected to be the etiological agents of
      infectious bursitis (Gumboro disease) and of inclusion body hepatitis of chickens
      were characterized by their morphology, their peptide composition and the
      segmented genome of their double-stranded RNA to be typical reoviruses. Although
      the 2 avian strains did not clearly differ in their serological behaviour, the
      size of some of their RNA segments were not identical. Both strains replicated in
      tissue cultures prepared from the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs
      with growth characteristics of reoviruses.

PMID- 170890
TI  - Activation by 5-iododeoxyuridine of shope papilloma viral genome in cultured VX2
      and VX7 carcinomas.

PMID- 170889
TI  - Reciprocal antagonism of two transfection methods.

PMID- 170892
TI  - [Dark and light neurons in the cortical plate of the forebrain of the swamp
      turtle].
AB  - Electron microscopic study of the neuronal composition of Emys orbicularis
      cortical zones as compared with the light microscopy data has revealed that the
      distinctions in the cell cytoplasm ultrastructure with respect to the dendrite
      branching pattern and the peculiarities of their localization in the cortical
      plate are suggestive of a possible metabolic heterogeneity and can serve as a
      foundation of the morpho-functional characteristics of the neurons. A few
      neuronal types of neurons have been revealed: 1. light neurons distinguished by
      the cytoplasm matrix devoid of any electron density, a poorly developed
      endoplasmic reticulum and a few cytoplasmatic organells and inclusions; 2. light
      neurons having slight osmophility of the cytoplasm matrix, a more developed
      endoplasmic reticulum with elongated cisternae, a great number of organells
      including neurofilaments; 3. dark neurons having a high degree of cytoplasm
      matrix and the nucleus, a large number of the nuclei, cytoplasm, dendrites and
      axons in contrast to the above described patterns.

PMID- 170891
TI  - [Ultrastructure of human hepatocytes in early prenatal ontogenesis].
AB  - The structure of hepatic cells was studied in 40 human embryos and fetuses from 4
      to 16 weeks of intrauterine development. Depending on the differentiation degree
      of organells and their amount in the hepatic cell of the embryo and fetus three
      types of hepatic cells are distinguished: slightly differentiated, transitional
      and differentiated cells. In the course of early prenatal ontogenesis the amount
      of slightly differentiated hepatic cells diminishes and the amount of
      transitional and differentiated forms increases. Glycogen granules are found in
      the embryo hepatic cells from 7-8 weeks of intrauterine development, and in the
      course of further embryonic development one can speak of establishment of the
      protein-forming function of the liver on the basis of increased amount of
      elements of the endoplasmic network and the presence of numerous ribosomes and
      polysomes in the cell. The hepatic cells of 14-16 week embryos have well
      pronounced sinusoid and biliar poles.

PMID- 170893
TI  - [Ultrastructure of experimental virus-induced hemangiopericytomas].
AB  - Electron-microscopy studies of malignant low-differentiated hemangiopericytomas,
      induced by adenovirus of monkeys SA7(C8) and bovine adenovirus type 3 were,
      carried out. At earlier stages of the development of these tumours in tumourous
      cells located around capillaries there were observed the ultrastructural
      characteristics typical of pericytes and cells of human hemangiopericytis: the
      presence of the basal layer and fibrills as thick as 40 A. As differentiation
      proceeded, tumorous cells acquired an elongated form, and in some of them there
      appeared myofilaments typical of smooth-muscle cells, with local thickenings, as
      well as multitude of pinicytic vacules along the plasmatic membranes of cells.
      The foregoing confirms the assumption of hemangiopericytomas as a prestage of
      leio-(angioleio-) myosarcomas. Moreover, the tumour cells revealed the presence
      of cilia, fibrills as thick as 100A, 75A, annulate lamelae, and myelin-like
      formations.

PMID- 170894
TI  - [Basal cell adenomas of the salivary glands].
AB  - The author presents data on morphology and clinical features of basal-cell
      adenomas of the salivary gland (10 cases). Singling out this neoplasm into
      independent onconosological group seems reasonable since basal-cell adenoma not
      infrequently is erroneously diagnosed as cylindroma or mixed tumour of the
      salivary gland, which may lead to a wrong clinical prognosis and inadequate
      therapeutic measures. The clinical course of this tumour is benign. The main
      morphological feature of the tumour is a monomorphic character of cell elements,
      their palisade-like distribution over the periphery of individual tumour
      structures and a clear-cut delimination of the parenchyma from the stroma.

PMID- 170895
TI  - [Basophilic adenoma in combination with a prolapse of adenohypophyseal tissue
      through the capsule].
AB  - During the post-mortem examination of a 15-year patient who had died after the
      operation connected with incision of commissures a distorted form of the
      hypophysis was noted. Histological, histochemical and morphometric investigations
      showed that there was basophilic adenoma of adenohypophysis and prolapse of the
      tissue (beyond the borders of the adenoma) through a fistula against the
      background of changes characteristic of chronic diseases in childhood. Oxyphilic
      shift, moreover, was noted not only in the first zone of the adenohypophysis, but
      in other zones, as well as with a simultaneous increase in number of basophiles
      in I--III zones. Prolapse of the tissue, the latter being normal as far as the
      tumours growth was concerned, through the fistula took place at a considerable
      distance from the adenoma, which justifies the consideration of this process as a
      result of hyperplasia not connected with adenoma. Edges of the fistula bordering
      the prolapse, haemorrhages were to be seen.

PMID- 170896
TI  - [Glomic tumor of the duodenum].

PMID- 170897
TI  - [Morphology of the motor endplate. Aspects of interest in neurology].

PMID- 170898
TI  - [Klippel-Trenaunay-Parkes-Weber syndrome with spinal cord angioma].

PMID- 170899
TI  - Treatment of Cataplexy with Clomipramine.
AB  - A new antodepressant drug, clomipramine hydrochloride, closely related to
      imipramine hydrochloride, was used to treat four patients suffering from
      cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. Attacks of cataplexy
      were associated with rapid-eye-movement (REM) electroencephalographic patterns.
      Cloripramine, in doses of 25 to 75 mg/day, completely stopped all attacks of
      cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations within 48 hours of
      initial therapy. The patients have been free of symptoms for periods of 10 to 21
      months. Side effects included impotence in the male patients, but no hematologic,
      cardiovascular, hepatic, or renal toxic effects were observed. Available evidence
      suggests that such drugs inhibit those brain stem systems that control the toxic
      components of REM sleep.

PMID- 170900
TI  - Solitary plasmacytoma producing cranial neuropathy.

PMID- 170901
TI  - Cyclic AMP levels in alveolar bone of orthodontically-treated cats.

PMID- 170903
TI  - Pyridine nucleosidase in bull semen I. Breed and sire differences in enzyme
      concentration.
AB  - The concentration of pyridine nucleosidase which cleaves the nicotinamide-ribose
      bond in NAD and related compounds was assayed using the cyanide addition reaction
      in semen samples collected by artificial vagina from 246 bulls. Among the 205
      sires of recognized dairy breeds the nucleosidase concentration ranged from 0 to
      1470 units/ml semen. Of the dairy sires 18% produced semen containing no
      nucleosidase activity. Among the 41 sires of recognized beef breeds 54% had no
      nucleosidase and the highest concentration was 630 units/ml semen. Among 20 sires
      from each of which 5-17 collections were assayed, there were significant
      differences in average nucleosidase concentration. There was a discontinuous
      distribution in nucleosidase concentration among the 169 dairy sires producing
      semen with measurable enzyme activity. Results for 18 dairy sires each with from
      4 to 16 sons showed that sires with no seminal nucleosidase produced more sons
      with no enzyme or lower concentrations of enzyme than sires with higher
      nucleosidase concentrations. It is suggested that the concentration of the
      nucleosidase in bull semen is simply inherited.

PMID- 170902
TI  - The influence of some fractions of egg yolk on the survival of ram spermatozoa at
      5 degrees C.
AB  - Ram spermatozoa were stored at 5 degrees C in diluents containing various
      fractions of egg yolk prepared by dialysis, ultrafiltration and ion-exchange
      chromatography. They survived storage best in the presence of components of egg
      yolk which were non-dialysable and were not filtered through membranes which
      retained substances of molecular weight greater than 100 000. The substances
      isolated in peak B of the ion-exchange chromatogram of whole egg yolk described
      by Seideman et al. (1969) gave greater protection than those from other fractions
      from this chromatographic system. These data indicate that the low-density
      lipoprotein fraction of egg yolk is the most likely source of protection to ram
      spermatozoa against the effects of storage at 5 degrees C.

PMID- 170905
TI  - Experimental investigations into the pathogenesis of endocarditis due to shock.
AB  - Generalized Shwartzman reaction (GSR) was induced in rabbits by two intravenous
      injections of endotoxin 24 hours apart. Consumption coagulopathy was found in all
      cases. Histological investigations showed an abacterial endocarditis (thrombotica
      or verruccosa simplex), comparable to the one seen in humans after shock, in 69%
      of the treated animals. Biopsies of mitral valve were investigated by electron
      microscopy. In the early stage of GSR the valvular alterations were characterized
      by an oedema of the entire valve, an increase in the number of microvesicles in
      the endothelial cytoplasm, and a marked enlargement of endothelial cell surface
      by numerous cytoplasmic projections. At a later stage autophagic vacuoles, often
      showing a destruction of their membranes, and degenerative changes in cytoplasmic
      organelles occurred in many cells of the valve. On the other hand there were
      cells in the endothelium, which presented a distinctly increased number of Golgi
      complexes and of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. In other regions
      ruptures of endothelial plasmalemma, as well as hemorrhages into the valvular
      stroma were observed. Thus predestined loci for thrombogenesis were formed. In
      conjunction with these structural changes three factors may be involved in the
      formation of endocarditis due to shock: 1. hypercoagulability in the course of
      consumption coagulopathy, leading to precipitation of fibrin and platelets in the
      circulating blood; 2. turbulences of the blood flow, which are produced by the
      closure of the heart valves, and favour thrombogenesis on valves: 3. direct
      changes of the endocardium during endotoxemia. Quantitative changes in the
      different compartments of intracytoplasmic organelles in many cells of the
      endothelium during the later stage of GSR are discussed.

PMID- 170904
TI  - Mitochondrial changes, ion and water shifts in the cellular injury of ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells.
AB  - Cellular injury was produced in Ehlrich ascites tumor cells by an inhibitor of
      the function of the cell membrane [10(-3M) parachloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid
      (PCMBS)] or by inhibitors of respiration (10(-4M) Antimycin A), glycolysis (10(
      4M), iodoacetic acid, IAA), oxidative phosphorylation (10(-3M) 2,4 dinitrophenol,
      DNP) or by combinations of these in a medium with or without glucose. The
      contents of Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++ and intracellular water in the treated cells and
      controls were correlated with the percentages of ultrastructural changes in the
      mitochondria of the cells. A moderate negative correlation (r = -0.66) was
      observed between K+ content of the cells and the condensation of mitochondria in
      selected experiments where mitochondrial swelling had not yet started. A moderate
      positive correlation (r = 0.44) was observed between mitochondrial condensation
      and Na+ content of the cells in the same experiments. K+ and Mg++ content of
      cells showed a moderate negative correlation (r = -0.58 and -0.65) with
      mitochondrial swelling in the material of all experiments and Ca++ content a
      moderate positive one (r = 0.58), but the Na+ content and intracellular water
      showed no correlation. The percentages of flocculent densities in mitochondria
      showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.43) with the Ca++ content of the
      cells and a moderate negative correlation (r = -0.61) with the magnesium content
      of the cells.

PMID- 170906
TI  - Malignant lymphoma resembling Burkitt's tumour in rhesus monkeys: (light- and
      electron microscopic studies).
AB  - Spontaneous tumours of the haematopoetic system have been only rarely observed in
      nonhuman primates. We had the opportunity to carry out light and electron
      microscopic investigations of three lymphomas in immature rhesus monkeys from our
      colony. All animals had tumours of both retroperitoneum and lymph nodes. The
      relatively uniform lymphoblastic or lymphoreticular tumour cells as well as the
      massive occurence of the so-called "starry sky macrophages" were histologically
      characteristic. Histochemically, the marked pyroninophilia of these tumour cells
      was evident. The electron nicroscopy revealed the tumour cells as lymphoblasts of
      about 8 mu diameter with the following features: round or oval, occasionally
      deeply indented cell nuclei with relatively clear interchromatinic substance;
      mostly well developed nucleoli; sparsely, rough endoplasmatic reticulum; large
      numbers of free ribosomes and polyribosomes; a few large, bizzarre mitochondria,
      often situated at one pole; lipid vacuoles in some cells. These histological,
      cytological and electron microscopic characteristics correspond to those of the
      human Burkitt's Lymphoma. This tumour is classified as an undifferentiated
      malignant lymphoma. Tumours of this type are of particular interest on
      comparative and epidemiological reasons in light of the existence of
      morphologically similar experimental, virus induced lymphomas in monkeys.

PMID- 170907
TI  - Thermography and rheumatic diseases.
AB  - The common factor in most of the rheumatic diseases is an arthritis. Radiometry
      and thermography have been shown to indicate and measure heat resulting from
      localised inflammation. In rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis,
      osteoarthrosis, gout and ankylosing spondylitis abnormal heat distribution has
      been recorded over affected joints. Experimental evidence has shown that
      temperature change reflects the inflammatory state of the joint, and that this
      may be used to measure the effect of therapy by oral, systemic and local drug
      therapy, and also surgery, i.e. synovectomy.

PMID- 170908
TI  - Esterase-6 (Es-6) in laboratory mice: hormone-influenced expression and linkage
      relationship to oligosyndactylism (Os), esterase-1 (Es-1), and esterase-2 (Es-2)
      in chromosome 8.
AB  - Allelic differences at an esterase locus designated Es-6 exist between mouse
      strain C57 BL/6J and a laboratory stock of M.m. molossinus. Strain C57BL/6J has
      been assigned the allele Es-6a and M. m. molossinus the alternate allele Es-6b.
      Kidney expression of the electrophoretic esterase band controlled by the Es-6
      locus is sex influenced, with increased activity apparently induced by
      testosterone. A four-point test cross established the gene order Os-Es-1-Es-6-Es
      2 within a 10-cM segment on chromosome 8.

PMID- 170910
TI  - Purification, properties and amino acid sequence of atypical cytochrome c from
      two protozoa, Euglena gracilis and Crithidia oncopelti.
AB  - A basic cytochrome was isolated from the phytomastigophorean protozoan Euglena
      gracilis and a similar protein from the zoomastigophorean protozoan Crithidia
      oncopelti. In both cases chromatography on CM-cellulose in first the reduced and
      then the oxidized form proved to be an efficient means of purification. The two
      cytochromes can be classed in the cytochrome c family but they have certain
      atypical features. The alpha peak of the absorption spectrum is shifted towards
      the red and is asymmetrical. The pyridine ferrohaemochrome has an alpha-peak
      maximum intermediate between that of c-type cytochromes and proteins containing
      protohaem IX. The test for free vinyl groups was positive. The amino acid
      sequences of the two cytochromes were determined. Attention is drawn in the text
      to those parts of the evidence that are less satisfactory. Both sequences are
      homologous with the family of cytochrome c, but are unusual in having only one
      cysteine residue so that the haem is attached through only one thioether bond.
      Detailed evidence for the amino acid dequences of the two proteins has been
      deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50042 (70 pages) at the British
      Library (Lending Division) (formerly the National Lending Library for Science and
      Technology), Boston Spa, Wetherby, Yorks. LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be
      obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1975) 145, 5.

PMID- 170909
TI  - Initial expression of the genes for fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, malic enzyme, and
      aspartate aminotransferase in Japanese quail and chicken--quail hybrid embryos.
AB  - The initial appearance of a number of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis was
      investigated in the early embryogenesis of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix
      japonica), the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), and chicken-quail
      hybrids. Starch gel electrophoresis and enzyme-specific stains revealed genetic
      differences between muscle and liver fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) as well
      as malic enzyme (ME) and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) isozymes
      of the two species. ME and AAT were present in unfertilized unincubated eggs,
      indicating maternal storage of these enzymes. The initial expression of the
      paternally inherited genes in the hybrid occurred before oviposition in the case
      of ME, and between 12 and 18 hr incubation in the case of AAT. Initial expression
      of both parental sets of genes for FDPase occurred synchronously between 16 and
      24 hr in the hybrid, corresponding to the time of initial appearance of this
      enzyme in the quail and chicken. Glucose 6-phosphate administration at 0 hr was
      found to cause no prevention or delay of initial enzyme activation. These results
      are interpreted in terms of early patterns of enzyme activation regulation and
      nutrition in the avian embryo.

PMID- 170911
TI  - A study of the oxidation of butan-1-ol and propan-2-ol by nicotinamide-adenine
      dinucleotide catalysed by yeast alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - 1. The kinetics of oxidation of butan-1-ol and propan-2-ol by NAD+, catalysed by
      yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, were studied at 25 degrees C from pH 5.5 to 10, and
      at pH 7.05 from 14 degrees to 44 degrees C, 2. Under all conditions studied the
      results are consistent with a mechanism whereby some dissociation of coenzyme
      from the active enzyme-NAD+-alcohol ternary complexes occurs, and the mechanism
      is therefore not strictly compulsory order. 3. A primary 2H isotopic effect on
      the maximum rates of oxidation of [1-2H2]butan-1-ol and [2H7]propan-2-ol was
      found at 25 degrees C over the pH range 5.5-10. Further, in stopped-flow
      experiments at pH 7.05 and 25 degrees C, there was no transient formation of NADH
      in the oxidation of butan-1-ol and propan-2-ol. The principal rate-limiting step
      in the oxidation of dependence on pH of the maximum rates of oxidation of butan-1
      ol and propan-2-ol is consisten with the possibility that histidine and cysteine
      residues may affect or control catalysis.

PMID- 170912
TI  - A kinetic method to establish the specificity of spin labelling of
      macromolecules.
AB  - A method has been devised for establishing the specificity of spin labelling of a
      macromolecule. Analysis of the rate of incorporation of spin label under
      different conditions permits the assignment of reacting groups to classes of
      differing reactivity. The method is illustrated for the enzyme glycogen
      phosphorylase b.

PMID- 170913
TI  - Effects of anions on a monomeric and a dimeric arginine kinase.
AB  - 1. Some effects of anions on the rates of phosphoarginine synthesis by monomeric
      (lobster) and by dimeric (Holothuria forskali) arginine kinases are reported. 2.
      As with creatine kinase, acetate ions activate both enzymes: Cl- was also found
      to activate both although this was an inhibitor of creatine kinase. 3. NO3-
      inhibits the lobster enzyme. Inhibition is of the mixed type with respect to
      MgATP. Ki greater than Ki' and Ks greater than Ks' indicating that the presence
      of NO3- promotes the binding of substrate and vice versa. 4. NO3- alone has no
      effect on the difference spectrum of the lobster enzyme but in the presence of
      arginine, MgATP, MgADP, MgAMP or MgIDP the difference spectrum is greatly
      enhanced. A profound effect on the ionization state of tyrosine residues is
      inferred. 5. With the Holothuria enzyme low concentrations of NO3- activate in a
      manner that is competitive with arginine. Higher concentrations cause inhibition
      of the mixed type with respect to arginine in a similar manner to that found with
      MgATP for the lobster kinase. 6. Of a range of anions tested only NO3- and NO2-
      enhanced the inhibition of enzyme activity by MgADP, indicating the formation of
      a pseudo-transition-state dead-end complex, enzyme-arginine-NO3--MgADP. The
      effect was essentially independent of temperature with the Holothuria enzyme, but
      with the lobster enzyme was much less marked and temperature dependent. The
      difference may reflect the different stabilities of the monomer and dimer
      enzymes, although with neither arginine kinase is the stabilization of the dead
      end complex as marked as is found with creatinine kinase.

PMID- 170914
TI  - Glutamine and asparagine as nitrogen donors for reductant-dependent glutamate
      synthesis in pea roots.
AB  - Glutamine, in the presence of alpha-oxoglutarate, stimulates nicotinamide
      nucleotide oxidation by crude extracts of pea roots and leads to a reductant
      dependent formation of glutamate. Commercially available asparagine also
      stimulates nicotinamide nucleotide oxidation in the presence of alpha
      oxoglutarate, but the reaction causing the stimulation can occur in the absence
      of a reductant, is inhibited by transaminase inhibitors, and is additive to the
      glutamine reaction. The asparagine used was found to be contaminated with
      aspartate. Repurified asparagine, chromatographically free of aspartate, did not
      stimulate the rate of nicotinamide nucleotide oxidation, and it is probable that
      the original stimulation was due to aspartate contamination. It is concluded that
      pea-root glutamine (amide)-alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (glutamate
      synthase), in common with the enzyme in leaves, is specific for glutamine as the
      N donor and alpha-oxoglutarate as the N acceptor. The significance of the enzyme
      in conjunction with glutamine synthetase in the assimilation of nitrate by roots
      is discussed.

PMID- 170915
TI  - The distribution and partial characterization of the serum apolipoproteins in the
      guinea pig.
AB  - 1. Very-low-density (VLD), low-density (LD) and high-density (HD) lipoproteins
      were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation from the serum of male guinea
      pigs fed on a diet containing 3--4% fat. The apoproteins of these lipoproteins
      (apo-VLD, apo-LD and apo-HD lipoproteins) were studied after delipidation with
      organic solvents or extraction with tetramethylurea. 2. The major apolipoprotein
      of LD lipoprotein isolated by gel filtration was found to closely resemble
      apolipoprotein B of human serum in its chemical and physical properties.
      Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel showed that this
      apoprotein consisted of a number of polypeptides. 3. Tetramethylurea precipitated
      an apoprotein from guinea-pig serum lipoproteins that is probably the
      apolipoprotein B-like component. This apoprotein accounted for about 80% of the
      apo-LD lipoprotein, about 55% of the apo-VLD lipoprotein and about 50% of the apo
      HD lipoprotein. 4. The distribution of apolipoproteins soluble in tetramethylurea
      was determined by densitometric scanning of stained polyacrylamide disc gels. 5.
      A glycine-rich component of high electrophoretic mobility (band I) and a triplet
      of soluble apolipoproteins (bands II-IV) were present in both VLD and LD
      lipoprotein classes. These components constituted a higher proportion of the
      tetramethylurea-soluble apoproteins of VLD lipoprotein (60--80%) than of LD
      lipoprotein (40--55%). 6. Small amounts (10--15%) of a component of intermediate
      mobility, which contained traces of half-cystine, were also present in both VLD
      and LD lipoproteins. 7. A group of soluble components of basic character (bands
      VI-X), present as minor components of VLD lipoprotein (10--20%), constituted a
      major proportion (30--45%) of the soluble apoproteins of LD lipoprotein. Two of
      these apoproteins were rich in lysine, and two of lower electrophoretic mobility
      were rich in arginine. 8. The pattern of tetramethylurea-soluble apoproteins in
      HD lipoprotein was distinguished by the presence of two polypeptides of low
      electrophoretic mobility as its predominant components. One of these components,
      band VI, resembled the A-I apolipoprotein of man in both its amino acid profile
      and in its electrophoretic mobility. The second major component, band VI-B, was
      rich in lysine and resembled the C-I apolipoprotein of man in amino acid
      composition. 9. The soluble components of bands I and IX were analogous in
      physicochemical properties to the R-X1 and R-X2 (high-arginine polypeptide)
      peptides of human serum lipoproteins respectively.

PMID- 170916
TI  - Kinetic studies on the hydroxylation of p-coumaric acid to caffeic acid by
      spinach-beet phenolase.
AB  - 1. A spectrophotometric assay is described that enables the hydroxylation of p
      coumaric acid to caffeic acid, catalysed by spinach-beet phenolase, to be
      followed continuously. 2. Initial-velocity and inhibitor studies indicate that
      the order of substrate addition is oxygen, p-coumaric acid and electron donor,
      with an irreversible step separating the binding of each substrate. 3. Caffeic
      acid is most likely to act as electron donor at the active site; other electron
      donors, such as ascorbic acid, NADH and dimethyltetrahydropteridine, function
      mainly to recycle cofactor amounts of caffeic acid. 4. A reaction scheme,
      consistent with these data, is proposed.

PMID- 170918
TI  - Studies on sex-organ development. Ontogeny of cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor in
      chick Mullerian duct.
AB  - Oestradiol receptors were observed in the cytoplasm of the chick Mullerian duct
      at several embryonic stages. The sedimentation coefficients and the dissociation
      constants of the receptor protein remained unchanged throughout the various
      stages of development. Specific binding of cytoplasmic receptor to [3H]oestradiol
      assayed in vitro was shown to be saturable at concentration of 10nM or higher.
      The number of oeastradiol-binding sites on a per-cell basis increased linearly
      from day 8 to day 12 of incubation and then levelled off from day 12 to the
      fourth day after hatching. These results indicate that in the developing
      embryonic sex organ, the same receptor protein is present throughout prenatal
      development. The concentration of the oestradiol receptor increases and reaches a
      constant value, but the capacity for the receptor to interact with the hormone
      does not change.

PMID- 170917
TI  - Studies on sex-organ development. Isolation and characterization of an oestrogen
      receptor from chick Mullerian duct.
AB  - An oestradiol-binding macromolecule was observed in the left Mullerian duct of
      the 15-day female chick embryo. The embryonic receptor binds oestradiol with a
      high affinity and low capacity, having a Kd of 3.2 X 10(-9)M and a maximal number
      of sites of 5.45 fmol/10(6) cells in the left Mullerian duct. The receptor is
      protein in nature, as suggested by its susceptibility to proteolysis; in
      addition, it is organ- and steroid-specific. Judging by glycerol-gradient
      analysis, the hormone receptors in the cytosol are present in 8S and 4.5S forms,
      and the 8S form could be dissociated into a 4.5S form in the presence of 0.5M
      KCl. A 4.5-6S receptor could be extracted from the nuclei. Under physiological
      salt conditions, the embryonic receptors bind to DNA-cellulose and can be eluted
      when the salt concentration is increased to 0.5M-KCl. Determination by
      isoelectric focusing indicates that the isoelectric point is 5.8 for the 8S and
      6.9 for the 4.5S receptor.

PMID- 170920
TI  - Progesterone synthesis of pig corpus luteum tissue during superfusion.
AB  - A modified superfusion technique is described with which it was demonstrated that
      the action of gonadotrophin on progesterone secretion by pig corpus luteum tissue
      is twofold, in that it first stimulates the rapid release of progesterone (either
      performed or partially synthesized), which is followed by prolonged synthesis of
      the steroid de novo from acetate.

PMID- 170919
TI  - Glucocorticoids and the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      (guanosine triphosphate) in the rat.
AB  - The effect glucocorticoids on the synthesis and degradation of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP)(EC4.1.1.32) in rat liver and kidney in
      vivo was studied immunochemically. The glucocorticoid analogue triamcinolone
      (9alpha-fluoro-11beta, 21-dihydroxy-16alpha,17alpha-isopropylidenedioxypregna-1,4
      diene-3,20-dione) increased the synthesis rate of the kidney enzyme in starved
      animals. Both triamcinolone and cortisol decreased the synthesis rate of hepatic
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in fed and starved rats, but were without
      effect on the degradation rate of the enzyme. This effect of triamcinolone in
      liver was reversed by injection of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. However, in diabetic
      animals glucocorticoids increased the synthesis rate of hepatic
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP). Triamcinolone administration to starved
      rats in vivo is shown to cause an increase in the portal blood concentrations of
      insulin and glucose. Since the physiological de-inducer of liver
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) is insulin, this is the probable cause of
      the decrease in the synthesis rate of the hepatic enzyme noted when
      glucocorticoids are administered to non-diabetic animals.

PMID- 170921
TI  - Neoplastic transformation-linked alterations in adenylosuccinate synthetase
      activity.

PMID- 170922
TI  - The inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by fatty acid in isolated rat liver
      mitochondria.

PMID- 170923
TI  - Phosphorylated sites of calf thymus histone H2B by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      dependent protein kinase from silkworm.

PMID- 170924
TI  - A cAMP receptor from mouse liver cytosol whose binding capacity is enhanced by
      Mg++-ATP.

PMID- 170925
TI  - Non-dependence on native structure of pig liver pyruvate kinase when used as a
      substrate for cyclic 3',5'-AMP-stimulated protein kinase.

PMID- 170926
TI  - A new membrane iron-sulfur flavoprotein of the mitochondrial electron transfer
      system. The entrance point of the fatty acyl dehydrogenation pathway?

PMID- 170927
TI  - Fluidity of the lipid phase of bovine serum high density lipoprotein from
      fluorescence polarization measurements.

PMID- 170928
TI  - Oxytocin receptors in rat oviduct.

PMID- 170929
TI  - Estimation of hormone receptor affinity by competitive displacement of labeled
      ligand: effect of concentration of receptor and of labeled ligand.

PMID- 170930
TI  - Inhibition of human collagenase activity by a small molecular weight serum
      protein.

PMID- 170931
TI  - Characteristics of a succinate-di chlorophenolinophenol reductase reconstituted
      with bovine heart electron transport components.

PMID- 170932
TI  - The 5' sequence of VSV viral RNA and its in vitro transcription product RNA.

PMID- 170933
TI  - Effects of theophylline on the activation and nuclear translocation of the
      hepatic glucocorticoid receptor at low temperature.

PMID- 170934
TI  - Comparison of thyrotrophin receptors in membranes prepared from fat and thyroid
      tissue.

PMID- 170935
TI  - Stability of the apoprotein of human serum low density lipoprotein: absence of
      endogenous endopeptidase activity.

PMID- 170936
TI  - Protein activator of cyclic 3':5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase of bovine or rat
      brain also activates its adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 170937
TI  - [9-Isoleucine]ACTH1-24, a competitive antagonist of ACTH1-24 induced cyclic AMP
      and corticosterone production.

PMID- 170938
TI  - Studies on protein kinase activity and the binding of adenosine 3'5-monophosphate
      by membranes of hereditary spherocytosis erythrocytes.

PMID- 170939
TI  - Interaction of somatostatin and calcium in regulating insulin release from
      isolated pancreatic islets of rats.

PMID- 170940
TI  - End group labelling of RNA and double stranded DNA by phosphate exchange
      catalyzed by bacteriophage T4 induced polynucleotide kinase.

PMID- 170941
TI  - A reassessment of the phosphoglycerate bypass enzymes in human erythrocytes.

PMID- 170942
TI  - Inner compartment localization of heart mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphokinase.

PMID- 170943
TI  - [The mechanism of action of bencyclane on smooth musculature].
AB  - Bencyclane (N-[3-(1-benzyl-cycloheptyloxy)-propyl]-N,N-dimethyl-amine
      hydrogenfumarate, Fludilat), inhibits phosphodiesterase(PDE)-activity in vitro
      similarly to several other smooth muscle relaxants. Compared with papaverine this
      inhibitory effect of bencyclane on PDE is weak despite of its strong relaxant
      effect on smooth muscle, which is about equal to that of papaverine. 14C
      Bencyclane is accumulated 8-fold in the smooth muscle tissue of bovine coronary
      arteries, indicating that relaxation is caused by 8-fold higher concentrations in
      the tissue than in the organ bath. A comparison of (corrected) ED50-values for
      relaxation with Ki-values for PDE-inhibition obtained with several PDE
      inhibitors, including bencyclane, yields a significant correlation between both
      parameters. Since in subsequent studies in isolated tracheal muscle strips
      bencyclane at maximum relaxing concentrations did not increase cAMP, which was in
      contrast to the actions of papaverine or aminophylline, it is likely that
      bencyclane-induced smooth muscle relaxation is unrelated to inhibition of PDE or
      cAMP. In the same dose range in which bencyclane relaxes smooth muscles it exerts
      a non-specific antiadrenergic inhibitory effect, possibly due to its local
      anesthetic action at the cell membrane. It is also possible that the myocardial
      inhibitory effect of bencyclane is caused by a direct Ca++-antagonistic mechanism
      (Fleckenstein et al. 1971).

PMID- 170944
TI  - Inhibition of platelet cyclic 3',5'-adenosine-monophosphate phosphodiesterases by
      pentifylline.
AB  - Pentifylline (1-hexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine equals SK 7, the main active principle
      in Cosaldon) inhibits the soluble and the particulate cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterases (PDE I and PDE II) from bovine platelets. I50 PDE I equals 2.0
      x 10(-3)M; I50 PDE II equals 8.1 x 10(-4)M. The type of inhibition of both PDE's
      was non-competitive.

PMID- 170945
TI  - [The mode of action of bisacodyl on the smooth muscle of the small and the large
      intestine of the guinea pig].
AB  - 4,4'-Diacetoxy-diphenyl-(pyridyl-2)-methan (Bisacodyl, Dulcolax, 12--240 mug/ml)
      was shown to initiate dose-dependently contracile responses in the guinea pig
      isolated terminal ileum and taenia coli (a preparation of pure longitudinal
      muscle fibers). In contrast to muscle contractions induced by 1 mug/ml
      acetylcholine (ACh) and 1 mug/ml histamine, respectively bis-acodyl-induced
      contractile responses were antagonized neither by the anticholinergic agent
      atropine (6 mug/ml) nor by the antihistaminic compound pheniramine (6 mug/ml). On
      the other hand, bisacodyl inhibited contractile responses induced by ACh or
      histamine in a dose-dependent manner. The possibility that bisacodyl-induced
      contractions were due to a fall in cyclic 3,5-AMP level was excluded by
      estimation of endogenous cyclo-AMP. Since exogenous cyclic 3,5-AMP (which should
      possess calcium-antagonistic properties in smooth muscle) as well as verapamil (a
      calcium inhibitor) inhibited bisacodyl-induced contractions, a site of action on
      the calcium-dependent contractile system of the smooth muscle cell was discussed.
      Furthermore, bisacodyl should diminish the sensibility of the contractile system
      to other contractile compounds (ACh, histamine).

PMID- 170946
TI  - Enhancement of phagocytosis by Compound 48/80 and its influence upon Ca++
      dependent ATP-ase.
AB  - A new activity of p-methoxy-phenylethyl-methyl-amine condensed by formaldehyde
      (Cpd 48/80) has been established: enhancement of phagocytosis. This property
      seems to be correlated to its ability to activate lysosomes. Enhancement of
      phagocytosis is discussed in relation to the virus penetration process.
      Furthermore it was found that Cpd 48/80 and to a smaller degree the dimer inhibit
      the Ca++-dependent ATP-ase (E. C. 3.6.1.3.) from human red blood cells. The
      enzyme from bovine myosin is not inhibited by the dimer, but somewhat more by
      poly-THIQ (7-methoxy-tetrahydroisoquinoline condensed by formaldehyde) than by
      Cpd 48/80. These properties are discussed in relation to a general hypothesis of
      virus-induced giant cell formation. Finally it has been shown that the drug does
      not influence the PHA-stimulation (phytohemagglutinin) of lymphocytes, indicating
      selectivity of its activity.

PMID- 170947
TI  - Actions of various methylxanthines and papaverine on the synthesis of
      corticosterone in vitro.
AB  - Actions of various methylxanthines (theophylline, theobromine, caffeine) and
      papaverine, i.e. drugs which are known to inhibit phosphodiesterase (PDE), were
      studied on the basal and stimulated synthesis of corticosterone in vitro by using
      rat adrenal slices. When slices were incubated with methylxanthines, the
      synthesis of corticosterone was slightly increased. The order of potency,
      expressed as the efficacy (intrinsic activity) was: theophylline greater than
      caffeine greather than theobromine. Papaverine did not stimulate the synthesis.
      The synthesis stimulated by ACTH or the dibutyryl derivative of c-AMP (DBA) was
      reduced by all of the inhibitors of phosphodiesterase. The molar concentration of
      the inhibitors which reduced the stimulated steroidogenesis by 50% was lowest for
      papaverine, higher for theobromine and theophylline and highest for caffeine.
      Papaverine was active in concentrations of about 10(-5)M, while the
      methylxanthines were effective in concentrations of 10(-3)--10(-2)M. When the PDE
      inhibitors were added to the incubate simultaneously with the stimulant (ACTH or
      DBA), there was a delay of 60 min before the synthesis was completely blocked.
      When the stimulant was added 30 min before the administration of an inhibitor,
      the inhibitory action was no more evident. The inhibitory action of theophylline,
      but not that of papaverine, was reversed by washing adrenal slices free from the
      inhibitor, before adding the stimulant. The type of inhibition for papaverine as
      well as for methylxanthines in antagonizing both the ACTH- and DBA-stimulated
      synthesis of corticosterone was not competitive but of a mixed type.

PMID- 170948
TI  - Response of plasma lipid fractions to the administration of exogenous
      phospholipids.
AB  - Plasma lipidic fractions (total lipids, free and total cholesterol,
      triglycerides, total phospholipids and low density lipoproteins) of 16
      hyperlipemic subjects have been followed up over a 4-week period. Intravenous
      injection of exogenous phospholipids prepared from pig heart resulted in a
      significant decrease of all the examined lipidic fractions. The possible
      mechanims of exogenous phospholipids action is discussed.

PMID- 170949
TI  - [Controlled application of cynarin in the treatment of hyperlipemic syndrome.
      Observations in 60 cases].
AB  - In a controlled trial 2 groups of 30 patients presenting various dislipidemic
      pictures were treated for 50 days with either 3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-bis-(3,4
      dihydroxy-cinnamoyloxy)-cyclohexan-carbonic acid-(1) (cynarin, Listrocol) or
      placebo. Cynarin provied to be able to induce a significant reduction of the
      hypercholesteremia, the level of pre-beta-lipoproteins, the beta/alpha
      lipoprotein ratio and patients' body weight. The administration of cynaria is,
      therefore, deemed useful in the prophylaxis and therapy of dislipidemic pictures
      of the arteriosclerotic disease.

PMID- 170950
TI  - Leukaemic progression in lymphomata.

PMID- 170952
TI  - The relation of immune response to pathogenesis, vaccination and epidemiology in
      virus induced leukaemia.
AB  - The antigenic systems of oncornaviruses and particularly feline leukaemia virus
      (FeLV) are reviewed briefly. The use of immunological methods in studying the
      epidemiology of the disease is described. The incidence of FeLV infection as
      judged by a serological survey is at least 100 times greater than that of
      leukaemia in the cat population. Horizontal transmission, due to virus
      replication in respiratory and alimentary epithelial cells, is common. A method
      of producing high titres of antibody against membrane antigens of virus infected
      cells is described; the use of such vaccination is discussed in relation to
      several epidemiological facets of feline leukaemia virus infection. Leukaemia
      viruses are well known to cause immunodepression to heterologous antigens. The
      hypothesis is advanced that depression of the humoral antibody response to
      leukaemia virus antigens and cell membrane antigens may be an early event
      allowing establishment and replication of virus in haemic and the lymphatic
      tissues. Subsequent depression of cell mediated immunity through direct action of
      thymic cells is known to take place in the cat system. This may allow further
      spread of the virus with replication in epithelial cells which are not
      susceptible to cytotoxic action. Thus the primary events leading to
      leukaemogenesis may be an interplay between immunostimulation and
      immunodepression.

PMID- 170951
TI  - Virus induced lymphoproliferative disease in non-human primates.

PMID- 170953
TI  - Marek's disease--the disease and its prevention by vaccination.
AB  - Marek's disease (MD) is a common lymphoproliferative disease of the domestic
      chicken caused by a cell associated herpesvirus. Vaccines used for the
      prophylaxis of MD have been derived from non-pathogenic field Marek's disease
      virus (MDV), pathogenic MDV and the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT). Vaccines
      derived from MDV have been developed by attenuation of virus strains which
      produce the acute form of MD and virus strains which produce the classical form.
      They have also been developed by suitable modification, where necessary, of non
      pathogenic MDV. All MDV derived vaccines have to be used in the cell associated
      form. The turkey herpesvirus vaccine can be used in either the cell associated or
      cell free lyophilized form. All these types of vaccine appear to be safe and to
      provide significant levels of protection under field conditions.

PMID- 170954
TI  - On the lack of response to catecholamine stimulation by the adenyl cyclase system
      in psoriatic lesions.
AB  - When epidermis from the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients was incubated for 5
      min in Hank's medium containing adrenaline and theophylline, the cyclic AMP level
      consistently increased 20-30 times over the level observed when adrenaline was
      not added to the medium. On the other hand, when epidermis from the involved skin
      of psoriatic patients was incubated under the same experimental conditions, the
      cyclic AMP level increased only 2-5 times. Even when theophylline, and inhibitor
      of specific cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase, was omitted from the medium, a clearly
      demonstrable difference in sensitivity to adrenaline was evident in normal
      appearing and lesional psoriatic epidermis. These results indicate a faulty
      adenyl cyclase system in the involved epidermis of psoriatic lesions rather than
      a defective degradation process by the specific phosphodiesterase. Since the Km
      for adrenaline activation of adenyl cyclase was approximately the same in both
      the uninvolved and the involved epidermis and since the cyclic AMP increase by
      adrenaline was abolished by the addition of propranolol, the basic nature of the
      beta-receptor (specifically the binding affinity to adrenaline) in the involved
      epidermis does not appear to be defective. On the other hand, the finding that
      the Vmax for adrenaline activation is 10-20 times higher in the uninvolved than
      in the involved epidermis suggests that the poor response in the involved
      epidermis may be due to fewer available binding sites for adrenaline in the
      psoriatic lesion.

PMID- 170955
TI  - Chloroperoxidase: P-450 type absorption in the absence of sulfhydryl groups.
AB  - The oxidation state of the two half-cystine residues in the native ferric form of
      chloroperoxidase and in the reduced ferrous chloroperoxidase has been examined in
      order to evaluate the role of sulfhydryl groups as determinants of P-450 type
      spectra. Mossbauer and optical spectroscopy studies indicate that the ferrous
      forms of P-450cam and chloroperoxidase have very similar or identical heme
      environments. Model studies have suggested that sulfhydryl groups may function as
      axial ligands for developing P-450 character. However, chemical studies involving
      both sulfhydryl reagents and amperometric titrations show that neither the ferric
      nor the chemically produced ferrous forms of chloroperoxidase contain a
      sulfhydryl group. These results rule out the hypothesis that sulfhydryl groups
      are unique components for P-450 absorption characteristics. The optical and
      electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the nitric oxide complex of
      chloroperoxidase have been obtained and compared to those of myoglobin,
      hemoglobin, and cytochrome c and horseradish peroxidase. The EPR spectrum of the
      NO-ferrous chloroperoxidase complex, which is similar to that of cytochrome P
      450cam, does not show the extra nitrogen hyperfine structure which appears to be
      characteristic of those hemoproteins which have a nitrogen atom as an axial heme
      ligand.

PMID- 170956
TI  - Infrared linear dichroism investigations of deoxyribonucleic acid complexes with
      poly(L-arginine) and poly(L-lysine).
AB  - Complexes between DNAs from various sources and poly(L-lysine) and poly(L
      arginine) were studied by means of infrared linear dichroism. The measurements of
      dichroic ratios allowed us to determine the orientation of the phosphate group of
      DNA in the complexes with basic polypeptides. At high relative humidities (higher
      than 90%, B form), the bisector of the less than OPO in the complexes forms an
      angle with respect to the helical axis which has a value lower by about 4 degrees
      than in the corresponding DNA sample. This change of orientation of the phosphate
      group of DNA indicates a modification of the B form upon binding of polylysine or
      polyarginine. The structural transitions B leads to A and B leads to C measured
      as a function of relative humidities were not affected by formation of complexes
      with both basic polypeptides. Similar results were obtained for complexes
      prepared by direct mixing or by salt gradient dialysis. The presence of A and C
      forms was observed in complexes of DNA with poly(L-lysine) and poly(L-arginine)
      at lower relative humidity. Thus, the conformational flexibility of DNA in
      complexes with polylysine and polyarginine is not changed despite a substantial
      increase in the Tm (melting temperature). These results are considered as a model
      for the understanding of interactions between DNA and histones particularly of
      the binding of the N-terminal fragment, lysine or arginine rich.

PMID- 170957
TI  - Purification of SV-40 messenger RNA by hybridization to SV-40 DNA covalently
      bound to Sepharose.
AB  - SV-40 DNA sheared form was coupled in a stable covalent bond to cyanogen bromide
      activated Sepharose. Under the conditions used at least 80% of the DNA was bound
      to Sepharose. The T 1/2 of hybridization of 0.5 mug/ml of SV-40 cRNA to SV-40 DNA
      Sepharose was 1 hr. This rate of hybridization is sufficiently rapid to purify SV
      40 sequences from solutions containing as little as 0.05-0.1 mug/ml. Nonspecific
      hybridization of RNA is in the range of 0.1-0.2% of the total input RNA. The DNA
      Sepharose is fairly stable and can be reused several times to purify RNA. The SV
      40 DNA-Sepharose was used to select large quantities of virus specific RNA from
      SV-40 infected BS-C-1 cells. The virus specific RNA when added to cell-free
      extracts from wheat germ was shown to direct the synthesis of the major viral
      structural protein VP-1.

PMID- 170958
TI  - 8-Substituted derivatives of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate require an
      unsubstituted 2'-hydroxyl group in the ribo configuration for biological
      activity.
AB  - Derivatives of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) with modifications in both
      the 2' and the 8 positions were synthesized and their enzymic activities as
      activators of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and as substrates for and inhibitors
      of cAMP phosphodiesterases were determined. Three types of derivatives were
      investigated: 8-substituted derivatives of O2'-Bt-cAMP, 8-substituted derivatives
      of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate (ara-cAMP), and 8
      substituted derivatives of 8,2'-anhydro-9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 3,'5'
      cyclic phosphate (8,2'-anhydro-cAMP). The 8-substituted O2'-Bt-cAMP derivatives
      were synthesized by acylation of the preformed 8-substituted cAMP (8-HS-cAMP, 8
      MeS-cAMP, and 8-PhCH2S-cAMP). 8-Br-O2'-tosyl-cAMP was sued as an intermediate for
      the preparation of 8,2'-anhydro-cAMP derivatives (8-HO-, 8-SH-, 8-H2N-, and 8-H3
      CHN derivatives of 8,2'-anhydro-cAMP). 8-Substituted ara-cAMP derivatives were
      obtained by ring opening of 8-HO-8,2'-anhydro-cAMP with H+/H2O, NH3/MeOH, or
      MeONa/MeOH (to yield the 8-HO-, 8-H2N-, and 8-MeO-ara-cAMP derivatives). All of
      these doubly modified derivatives of cAMP are less than one-hundredth as active
      as cAMP at activating protein kinase and did not serve as substrates for the
      phosphodiesterase. These data show that the general inactivity of 2' derivatives
      of cAMP with kinase was not overcome by addition of an 8-substituent, even though
      many 8-substituted derivatives of cAMP activate the kinase more efficiently than
      does cAMP itself. In addition they show that while 2'-modification were tolerated
      by the phosphodiesterase, addition of an 8-substituent countermanded the
      allowable 2'-modification. The 8-substituted derivates of 02'-Bt-cAMP were found
      in general to be slightly better inhibitors of phosphodiesterase than the parent
      compounds containing no o2'-Bt substitution. As a group, the 8-substituted ara
      cAMP derivatives were poorer inhibitors of phosphodiesterase than 8-substituted
      cAMP derivatives while the 8,2'-anhydro-cAMP derivatives were much poorer
      inhibitors than the 8-substituted ara-cAMP derivatives.

PMID- 170959
TI  - Conformational and functional studies of chemically modified cytochrome c:
      nitrated and iodinated cytochromes c.
AB  - The purification of iodinated (E. B. McGowan and E. Stellwagen (1970),
      Biochemistry 9, 3074) and of nitrated (M. Sokolovsky et al. (1970), Biochemistry
      9, 5113) cytochromes c resulted in the recovery from the former preparation of
      diiododityrosyl-cytochrome c (DIDT-) with modification of Tyr-67 and Tyr-74, and,
      from the latter, a mononitromonotyrosyl-cytochrome c (MNMT-), with modification
      of Tyr-67, and mononitrodityrosyl-cytochrome c (MNDT-), with the added
      modification of Tyr-48. The three purified preparations were conformationally
      characterized using pH-spectroscopy, circular dichroism, thermal denaturation,
      reducibility with ascorbate, autoxidation with molecular oxygen, and binding with
      CO. These results are related to the two aspects of biological function,
      reducibility, measured by NADH-cytochrome c reductase, and oxidizability, with
      cytochrome c oxidase, as well as to structure-function relationships in the
      protein. MNMT-cytochrome c was found to be, structurally and conformationally, a
      single isomer, reducible with ascorbate, with a small, but definite affinity for
      both oxidation with molecular oxygen and binding of CO. Conformationally, in both
      valence states of the metal atom, it represents a molecular form with native-like
      conformation with small but definite perturbations in the immediate vicinity of
      the heme group, reflected by the destabilization of the Met-80-S-Fe linkage. MNMT
      ferricytochrome c exhibits a pK of 6.2 for the transformation of the low-spin,
      native-like spectral form II containing the 695-nm band to form lacking lacking
      the 695-nm band. The isomerization at pK = 6.2, when analyzed in terms of the
      isomerization of the native protein with a pK of 9.2 and the nature of the group
      involved, indicates that Tyr-67 is not involved in the isomerization of the
      modified preparation, and possibly not in the native protein as well. In terms of
      biological function, the partial derangement of redecibility (24%) and the
      unaltered oxidizability point to the functional significance of Tyr-67, and
      provide another example of selectivity between the two aspects of physiological
      functional function, in agreement with the two-function, two-path operational
      model of the protein. The MNDT- and DIDT-ferricytochromes c exhibited
      physicochemical properties indicative of gross derangement of both the
      conformation of the protein as well as of the coordination configuration of the
      metal atom. The complete inability to accept an electron from NADH-cytochrome c
      reductase in both cases, and the retention of 50% of the oxidizability property
      of DIDT-cytochrome c, were interpreted to be the result of conformational
      derangement, rather than the added modification of Tyr-48 or of Tyr-74.

PMID- 170960
TI  - Conformational flexibility of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in aqueous
      solution. A carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation time study.
AB  - The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectra of luteinizing hormone
      releasing hormone (LH-RH) and lower homologous peptides have been assigned in
      aqueous solutions at various pH values. 13C spin-lattice relaxation times (T1)
      have been measured for all proton-bearing carbons at 25.2 and 67.9 MHz. From the
      T1 data the rates of overall molecular motion and intramolecular motion of side
      chains have been estimated. LH-RH is a flexible molecule in solution, having
      segmental motion along the backbone as well as in the nonaromatic side chains.

PMID- 170961
TI  - Electrophoretic mobilities of RNA tumor viruses. Studies by Doppler-shifted light
      scattering spectroscopy.
AB  - We have used laser beat frequency light scattering spectroscopy to measure, at
      several pH values, the electrophoretic mobilities of purified avian
      myeloblastosis (AMV), murine leukemia (MuLV), murine mammary tumor (MuMTV), and
      feline leukemia (FeLV) viruses. The mobilities of these viruses are similar at pH
      greater than or equal to7 (-2.7 to -3.2 X 10(-4) (cm/sec)/(V/cm). The isoelectric
      points of MuLV and AMV are apparently less than pH 3, whereas for FeLV the data
      could be interpreted to indicate an isoelectric point between 3 and 5. Using a
      Debye-Huckel model to describe the interaction between electrolytes and virus, we
      show that our values for the mobility of MuMTV, obtained in ionic strength 0.005,
      are consistent with the values of Sarkar et al. ((1973), Cancer Res. 33, 2283),
      obtained in ionic strength of 0.10. This model is then used to calculate surface
      charge densities. In terms of the density of charged groups, the RNA tumor virus
      envelope is not very different from the erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 170962
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin
      from human plasma. Use of a novel affinity column.
AB  - This report concerns the purification and characterization of the testosterone
      estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG) from human plasma. Cohn fraction IV was
      submitted sequentially to ammonium sulfate preciptation, affinity chromatography,
      gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing. The final product was homogeneous in
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis. Its activity was demonstrated by the finding of slightly more
      than one binding site/mole for dihydrotestosterone. Association constants (M-1)
      at 4 and 37degreesC were ascertained for three steroids: dihydrotestosterone; 2.4
      x 10(9) and 0.99 x 10(9); testosterone, 1.1 x 10(9) and 0.35 x 10(9); estradiol,
      0.60 x 10(9) and 0.22 x 10(9). TeBG is a glycoprotein having a molecular weight
      of 94000 and both the amino acid and carbohydrate content are presented along
      with other physical properties.

PMID- 170963
TI  - Manganese (II) And spin-labeled uridine 5'-diphosphate binding to bovine
      galactosyltransferase.
AB  - The kinetically observed Mn(II) activation as well as inhibition has been
      clarified for bovine galactosyltransferase. An electron spin resonance (ESR)
      titration of MnCl2 with galactosyltransferase alone at pH 8.0 clearly shows the
      existence of at least two metal ion binding sites with microscopic dissociation
      constants of 0.84 +/- 0.1 and 9.0 +/- 1.0 mM, respectively. The second site
      corresponds with either published kinetic constant for Mn(II) of 8.5 mM
      (inhibition) or 3.40 mM (activation). The contribution of the binary complex
      Mn(II)-UDPGal is of lesser significance, as concluded by its ESR measured Kdiss
      of 14.5 +/- 1.1 mM at pH 8.0. A spin-labeled inhibitor analog of UDPgalactose,
      UDP-4-O-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl-1-oxy), or UDP-R, was synthesized as a
      competitive inhibitor for UDPGal. It was shown from inhibition kinetics to be
      almost as potent an inhibitor as UDPGlu. The Ki values at pH 8.0 in the N
      acetyllactosamine and lactose reactions were 0.38 +/- 0.04 and 0.63 +/- 0.06 mM,
      respectively, as compared with 0.10 +/- 0.01 and 0.094 +/- 0.009 mM for UDPGlu.
      An ESR titration of UDP-R with galactosyltransferase at pH 8.0 yielded direct
      physical dissociation constants of 0.40 +/- 0.07 and 0.53 +/- 0.08 mM in the
      absence and presence of alpha-lactalbumin, respectively. No other substrates
      (glucose of N-acetylglucosamine) nor Mn(II) were present.

PMID- 170964
TI  - Hydrolysis of phosphonate esters catalyzed by 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
AB  - 4-Nitrophenyl and 2-napthyl monoesters of phenylphosphonic acid have been
      synthesized, and an enzyme catalyzing their hydrolysis was resolved from alkaline
      phosphatase of a commerical calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase preparation by
      extensive ion-exchange chromatography, chromatography on L-phenylalanyl-Sepharose
      with a decreasing gradient of (NH4) 2SO4, and gel filtration. Detergent
      solubilized enzyme from fresh bovine intestine was purified after (NH4)2SO4
      fractionation by the same technique. The purified enzyme is homogeneous by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation.
      It has a molecular weight of 108,000, contains approximately 21% carbohydrate,
      and has an amino acid composition considerably different from that reported from
      alkaline phosphatase from the same tissue. The homogeneous intestinal enzyme, an
      efficient catalyst of phosphonate ester hydoolysis but not of phosphate monoester
      hydrolysis, was identified as a 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase by its ability to
      hydrolyze 4-nitrophenyl esters of 5'-TMP but not of 3'-TMP. Also consistent with
      this identification was the ability of the enzyme to hydrolyze 5'-ATP to 5'-AMP
      and PPi, NAD+ to 5'-AMP and NMN, TpT to 5'-TMP and thymidine, pApApApA to 5'-AMP,
      and only the single-stranded portion of tRNA from the 3'-OH end. Snake venom 5'
      nucleotide phosphodiesterase also hydrolyzes phosphonate esters, but 3'
      nucleotide phosphodiesterase of spleen and cyclic 3',5'-AMP phosphodiesterase do
      not. Thus, types of phosphodiesterases can be conveniently distinguished by their
      ability to hydrolyze phosphonate esters. As substrates for 5'-nucleotide
      phosphodiesterases, phosphonate esters are preferable to the more conventional
      esters of nucleotides and bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate because of their superior
      stability and ease of synthesis. Furthermore, the rate of hydrolysis of
      phosphonate esters under saturating conditions is greater than that of the
      conventional substrates. At substrate concentrations of 1 mM the rates of
      hydrolysis of phosphonate esters and of nucleotide esters are comparable and both
      superior to that of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate.

PMID- 170965
TI  - 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the interaction of pyridine nucleotide
      coenzymes with dehydrogenases.
AB  - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the pyrophosphate group in NAD+ and
      NADH were recorded in the presence of beef heart lactate dehydrogenase and rabbit
      muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. At high lactate dehydrogenase
      concentrations (60 mg/ml), two NADH resonances are observed: a slowly exchanging
      peak which is shifted to 1.9 ppm downfield (relative to free NADH) and a rapidly
      exchanging peak with a downfield shift of 0.5-0.6 ppm. At lover concentrations
      (15 mg/ml) only the rapidly exchanging peak is observed thus indicating that the
      peak observed at-1.9 ppm is due to coenzyme bound to an aggregated enzyme
      species. With NAD+, rapid exchange and downfield shifts are observed at both
      enzyme and concentrations, with shifts of about 1.5 ppm and 0.6 ppm at 60 and 15
      mg/ml, respectively. In the presence of glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase,
      the results are independent of enzyme concentration, and slow exchange and
      upfield shifts of 0.4-0.6 ppm occur with each coenzyme. These data indicate that
      the environment of the pyrophosphate group of oxidized and reduced coenzyme is
      the same for a given dehydrogenase, but is different in one enzyme from the
      other. The resonances observed with glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase are
      broader than those observed with lactate dehydrogenase. This is indicative of
      either shorter relaxation times with the former enzyme, or the presence of
      multiple, unresolved resonances.

PMID- 170966
TI  - Polypeptide composition of cell membranes from chick embryo fibroblasts
      transformed by rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - Chick embryo fibroblasts were transformed by the Bryan high-titer strain of Rous
      sarcoma virus (RSV-BH), or a mutant (RSV-BH-Ta) inducing temperature-dependent
      transformation. Surface membranes from normal and transformed cells were isolated
      as membrane vesicles by differential centrifugation, and as cell ghosts after
      ZnCl2 treatment and separation in an aqueous two-phase system. These preparations
      were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate or phenol/urea/acetic acid. In general a greater resolution of
      individual bands was found in gels containing phenol/urea/acetic acid, which
      separates polypeptides on the bases of size and charge. Electrophoresis of
      preparations from nontransformed cells showed that two polypeptides (molecular
      weights 200 000 and 250 000) found in cell ghosts were missing in membrane
      vesicles. In cell ghosts, transformation by RSV-BH resulted in a significant
      decrease of the 250 000 molecular weight complex. Also a polypeptide (molecular
      weight 73 000) prominent in membrane vesicles from nontransformed cells was
      decreased in transformed cells. Surfaces from cells transformed by RSV-BH-Ta at
      37 degrees C presented patterns similar to those for RSV-BH infected cells.
      Shifting these cells to 41 degrees C resulted in an increase in the 250 000
      molecular weight complex, although the amount of this protein(s) never reached
      that found in noninfected cells. Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis failed
      to block the morphological changes occurring in RSV-BH-Ta cells after temperature
      shifts from 41 degrees C to 37 degrees C or vice-versa. The same inhibitors
      caused a reduction in the levels of the 250 000 molecular weight complex at both
      temperatures. These data indicate that these large membrane-associated
      polypeptides play little or no role in the morphological changes associated with
      transformation and its reversal.

PMID- 170967
TI  - The interaction of nitric oxide with ascorbate oxidase.
AB  - 1. The reaction of nitric oxide with oxidized and reduced ascorbate oxidase (L
      ascorbate: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.3) has been investigated by optical
      absorption measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance, and the results are
      compared with those of ceruloplasmin. 2. Upon anaerobic incubation of oxidized
      ascorbate oxidase with nitric oxide a decrease of the absorbance at 610 nm is
      found, which is due to an electron transfer from nitric oxide to Type-1 copper.
      3. In the presence of nitric oxide the EPR absorbance of ascorbate oxidase
      decreases and shows predominatly a signal with characteristics of Type-2 copper
      (g parallel = 2.248; A parallel = 188 G), whereas the type-1 copper signal has
      vanished. 4. Comparison of the intensities of the EPR signals before and after NO
      treatment points to the presence of one Type-2 and three Type-1 copper atoms per
      molecule of ascorbate oxidase. 5. It is shown that the changes in the optical and
      the EPR spectrum of ascorbate oxidase induced by nitric oxide are reversible. No
      difference in enzymic activity is found between the native enzyme and the NO
      treated enzyme after removal of nitric oxide.

PMID- 170968
TI  - Regulation of platelet phosphorylase.
AB  - A sensitive fluorimetric enzyme assay was developed for study of activation of
      glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) in intact platelets and in platelet extracts.
      Activity was calculated as AMP independent (activity in the absence of AMP),
      total (activity in the presence of 1 mM AMP), and AMP dependent (difference
      between AMP independent and total). The following observations were made with
      intact rat platelets. (1) Stimulation of platelets with thrombin caused a 7-fold
      increase in total activity, with increases in both AMP-dependent and AMP
      independent activities. Maximum activation was obtained within 10 s after
      addition of thrombin. (2) The divalent cation ionophore A23187 caused a similar,
      though less pronounced, activation of phosphorylase. (3) Acceleration of
      glycogenolysis by inhibition of respiration with cyanide caused similar changes
      in phosphorylase activity but with the maximum effect observed only after 45 s.
      (4) Dibutyryl cyclic AMP had two effects; it partially activated phosphorylase
      and blocked further activation by thrombin, but not A23187. Similar effects were
      observed with human platelets, but low resting levels of phosphorylase activity
      could not be maintained so that changes were not as large as with rat platelets.
      Experiments with extracts of rat platelets gave the following results. (1)
      Phosphorylase activity in many extracts of non-stimulated platelets could be
      increased by incubation with Mg2+-ATP and Ca2+; ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta
      aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) partially inhibited. (2) In some
      extracts there was essentially no activation by incubation with Mg2+-ATP and
      Ca2+, but addition of cyclic AMP GAVE PARTIAL ACTIVATIon while addition of rabbit
      muscle phosphorylase kinase gave full activation. (3) Incubation of extracts of
      thrombin-stimulated platelets caused conversion of AMP-dependent to AMP
      indeptndent activity. It is concluded that platelet phosphorylase exists in an
      inactive and two active forms. Conversion of the inactive to the active forms and
      of the AMP-dependent to the AMP-independent form is catalyzed by a kinase(s) that
      requires Ca2+ for full activity and is activated through a cyclic AMP-mediated
      process. The major change following physiological stimulation is an increase in
      both active forms, with little change in their ratio.

PMID- 170969
TI  - Aspartokinase isoenzymes of the fruiting myxobacterium Myxoccus xanthus.
AB  - Two isoenzymes of aspartokinase can be found in extracts of the differentiating
      bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. Aspartokinase I is repressed by L-lysine and
      feedback is inhibited by meso-diaminopimelate and by low concentrations of L
      lysine. However, the inhibition by L-lysine is no longer observed at high
      concentration of this amino acid. Aspartokinase II is repressed and feedback
      inhibited specifically by L-threonine. Both enzymes are stimulated significantly
      by L-methionine and L-isoleucine; the effect is greater with aspartokinase I. The
      role of these enzymes in relation to growth conditions of the organism is
      discussed and a correlation with life cycle activity is indicated.

PMID- 170970
TI  - Multiple thermal discontinuities in glucose-6-phosphatase activity.
AB  - The temperature dependence of glucose-6-phosphatase (D-glucose-6-phosphate
      phosphohydrolase EC 3.1.3.9) was studied in rat liver and kidney microsomal
      fractions. Arrhenius plots were non-linear and showed four distinct
      discontinuities in enzyme activity over the temperature range 2-41 degrees C. The
      discontinuities occurred at approx. 39, 30, 20 and 12 degrees C in the liver and
      were similar to this in the kidney. Changes in the energy of activation for the
      enzyme were noted at approx. 20 degrees C in both tissues. The multiple
      discontinuities in glucose-6-phosphatase activity are viewed as a reflection of
      complex reorganization and/or change in physical state of the membrane
      components, primarily lipid.

PMID- 170971
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase of retinal photoreceptors. Partial
      purification and some properties of the enzyme.
AB  - 1. A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.16) has been partially
      purified from bovine rod outer segments. The enzyme preparation obtained has a
      very high specific activity towards cyclic GMP and is still able to hydrolyze
      cyclic AMP. Upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, one major and three minor
      protein bands are seen, the enzyme activity being associated with the major band.
      The enzyme eluted from the gels still hydrolyzes both cyclic nucleotides. At all
      substrate concentrations tested, cyclic GMP was hydrolyzed at a faster rate. The
      enzyme eluted from the gel columns migrated as a single band upon electrophoresis
      in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels corresponding to a molecular
      weight of 105 000. 2. A complex kinetic pattern was observed for cyclic GMP
      hydrolysis: the plot of velocity vs substrate concentration was hyperbolic at low
      and sigmoidal at higher concentrations. By contrast, simple kinetics were
      observed for cyclic AMP hydrolysis yielding an apparent Km of 0.1 mM. The unusual
      kinetics may be implicated in the regulation of cyclic GMP levels in rod outer
      segments. 3. Cyclic AMP stimulated the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP at low and
      inhibited it at higher concentrations. Addition of Mg2+ appeared to be necessary
      for optimum activity. The activity measured in the absence of exogenous Mg2+ was
      abolished by EDTA.

PMID- 170972
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases associated with bovine retinal outer-segment
      fragments.
AB  - ATP-dependent cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity (EC 3.1.4.16) associated with
      bovine retinal outer-segment fragment preparations was stimulated an order of
      magnitude by light, confirming the results of Miki et al. (1973) Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. U.S. 70, 3820-3824 at Yale for the frog system. In contrast to the
      results of the Yale group, however, light stimulation was not observed for cyclic
      AMP as substrate. A direct relationship of bovine rhodopsin bleaching to
      phosphodiesterase activation differs from a previous report by the Yale group
      that full activation of the frog enzyme was achieved by bleaching of a maximum of
      2% rhodopsin. Phosphodiesterase activity could be qualitatively removed from the
      fresh outer-segment preparations with isotonic sucrose which apparently did not
      disrupt the plasmalemma or discs. Activity recovered from the washing was not
      light sensitive. Two Km values were determined for cyclic AMP, 5 and 0.05 mM; for
      cyclic GMP a Km of 0.22 mM was found. All Km values were determined in the
      presence of 1 mM ATP in the dark. Sonication of fresh outer segments or storing
      at -20 degrees C abolished the light response. However, storage at -76 degrees C
      fully preserved it.

PMID- 170973
TI  - Classification of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases based on 18O retention in
      the cleavage reaction.
AB  - Oxygen (18) was used as a mechanistic probe in the investigation of several
      different sources of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (EC 4.1.2.13) which, due
      to differences in some physical and chemical properties, could not be clearly put
      in either Class I or Class II. Aldolases may be identified as belonging to a
      particular class on the basis of the amount of 180 retained in the
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate produced in the cleavage of [2-Oxygen (18)] fructose
      1,6-biphosphate. The mechanism of Class I aldolases involves an obligatory
      exchange of the C-2 oxygen atom of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, leading to the
      absence of 180 in the product. For Class II aldolases, the C-2 oxygen atom is
      retained in the aldol cleavage reaction. Aldolases from spinach and L. casei base
      intermediate. Aldosase from C. perfringens was found to be Class II, suggesting a
      metal-chelate intermediate. Results with Euglena aldolase confirmed that this
      organism contained both types of aldolases with approximately 78% Class II. The
      data show that despite a wide variety of physical and chemical properties, there
      are important mechanistic similarities within each class of enzyme and
      significant differences between the two classes. The determination of 180
      retention in the product of the cleavage reaction using [2-180] fructose 1,6
      biphosphate is an accurate means of classifying these enzymes since it is a
      measure of a property which is directly related to the mechanisms of the
      reactions.

PMID- 170974
TI  - Formation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate from adenosine in mouse thymocytes.
AB  - The effect of adenosine on the mouse thymocyte adenylate cyclase-adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) system was examined. Adenosine, like prostaglandin E1,
      can cause 5-fold or greater increases in thymocyte cyclic AMP content in the
      presence but not in the absence of certain cyclic phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
      Two non-methylxanthine inhibitors potentiated the prostaglandin E1 and adenosine
      responses, while methylxanthines selectively inhibited the adenosine response.
      Adenosine increased cyclic AMP content significantly within 1 min and was maximal
      by 10 to 20 min with approx. 2 and 10 muM adenosine being minimal and half
      maximal effective doses, respectively. Combinations of prostaglandin E1,
      isoproterenol and adenosine were near additive and not synergistic. Of the
      adenosine analogues tested, only 2-chloro- and 2-fluoroadenosine significantly
      increased cyclic AMP. Thymocytes prelabeled with [14C]adenine exhibited dramatic
      increases in cyclic [14C]AMP 10 min after addition of adenosine or prostaglandin
      E1 which corresponded to simultaneously determined increases in total cyclic AMP.
      Using [14C]adenosine, the percent of total cyclic AMP increase due to adenosine
      was only 16%. Adenosine was also shown to elicit a 40% increase in particulate
      thymocyte adenylate cyclase activity. Therefore, the increased content of cyclic
      AMP seen in mouse thymocytes after incubation with adenosine was due primarily to
      stimulation of adenylate cyclase and only partially to conversion of adenosine to
      cyclic AMP. The increased cellular content of cyclic AMP may be, in part,
      responsible for various immunosuppressive effects of adenosine.

PMID- 170975
TI  - On the mechanism of action of cholera toxin on isolated rat adrenocortical cells.
      Comparison with the effects of adrenocorticotropin on steroidogenesis and cyclic
      AMP output.
AB  - The effects of cholera toxin on isolated rat adrenocortical cells have been
      investigated. Both steroid and cyclic AMP output from adrenal cells were
      increased by the toxin in a dose dependent fashion. The concentration of toxin
      for half maximal stimulation for both of these responses was about 40 ng/ml.
      Maximal steroidogenesis and cyclic AMP output was obtained with similar
      concentrations of the toxin. A correlation was observed between the low amounts
      of cyclic AMP produced in response to all doses of cholera toxin and to
      physiologically significant concentrations of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (less
      than 0.1 munit/ml; i.e. submaximal for steroidogenesis in this system). This was
      in direct contrast to the much higher levels of cyclic AMP generated by
      concentrations of ACTH greater than 1 munits/ml. Time course studies demonstrated
      a time-lag between toxin addition and steroid response of at least 40 min.
      Binding of cholera toxin to adrenal cells was rapid and was 90% complete within
      15 min at both 37 and 0 degrees C. These data indicate that most of the delay in
      response to cholera toxin is due to processes subsequent to the initial binding
      interaction. Following the initial delay the subsequent maximal rate of
      steroidogenesis brought about by cholera toxin was very similar to that obtained
      with a concentration of ACTH that was maximal for steroidogenesis. Significant
      increases in cyclic AMP levels were detected about 20 min before increased
      steroidogenesis was apparent. Possible explanations for this result are
      considered. The results presented indicate great potential use for cholera toxin
      in the study of adrenal steroidogenic control mechanisms, particularly at the
      level of receptor mechanisms and the role of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 170976
TI  - Prostaglandin E1 induced changes in cyclic AMP levels in WI-38 human fibroblasts.
      Two different effects of cell density.
AB  - WI-38 lung diploid fibroblasts respond to protaglandin E1 with increased levels
      of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. This increase is affected by cell
      density in two ways: (a) The initial rate of accumulation of intracellular cyclic
      AMP increases with increasing cell density. (b) However, the elevated levels of
      cyclic AMP are more stably maintained in lower-density cells, and this stability
      decreases with increasing cell density. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activities,
      as well as the efflux of intracellular cyclic AMP into the medium are similar at
      all cell densities.

PMID- 170977
TI  - Effect of calcium(ion) uptake by rat adrenal mitochondria on pregnenolone
      formation and spectral properties of cytochrome P-450.
AB  - The effect of calcium on pregnenolone formation from endogenous precursors has
      been studied in mitochondria from rat decapsulated and capsular adrenal glands.
      In the presence of succinate, addition of calcium chloride in the concentration
      range 20-150 muM caused an inhibition of pregnenolone formation in both
      decapsulated and capsular adrenal mitochondria. 11beta-hydroxylation of added
      deoxycosticosterone in decapsulated adrenal mitochondria was also inhibited.
      Under these conditions, calcium inhibited the reduction of adrenodoxin, a
      component of the cytochrome P-450 reductase system, presumably because uptake of
      calcium by the mitochondria competes with energy-linked transhydrogenase for high
      energy intermediates. For this reason, incubations were carried out in the
      presence of succinate plus isocitrate plus NADP+. Under these conditions, calcium
      chloride in the concentration range 120-875 muM caused a 2-4-fold stimulation of
      pregnenolone formation, but had no effect on corticosterone formation from added
      deoxycorticosterone. The effect of calcium on the optical spectra of cytochrome P
      450 has also been examined in mitochondria from decapsulated and capsular rat
      adrenals. In the presence of succinate, calcium induced a spectral change
      resembling a type I difference spectrum of cytochrome P-450. Thus it appears that
      uptake of calcium by adrenal mitochondria can stimulate pregnenolone formation by
      increasing the interaction of mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 with endogenous
      substrate.

PMID- 170978
TI  - An adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-requiring mutant of the luminous bacteria
      Beneckea harveyi.
AB  - We have isolated a mutant of the luminous bacterium Beneckea harveyi, which
      requires exogenous adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) to synthesize
      luciferase and emit light. The mutant was pleiotropic, lacking not only the
      ability to luminesce, but also the capacities to form flagella and the ability to
      utilize a variety of carbohydrates for growth. All these deficiencies could be
      corrected by added cyclic AMP. The cyclic AMP-induced de novo synthesis of
      luciferase was possible only after autoinduction had occurred. The induction time
      by cyclic AMP ranged between 6 and 10 min at 27 degrees C.

PMID- 170979
TI  - Phosphonopyruvic acid: A probable precursor of phosphonic acids in cell-free
      preparation of Tetrahymena.
AB  - 1. In cell-free preparations of Tetrahymena, doubly labelled [32P]phosphoenol-[3
      14C]pyruvate gives rise to 2-aminoethylphosphonate and 2-amino-3
      phosphonopropionate, labelled with the two isotopes in the same ratio as the
      starting compound. The result is consistent with an intra-molecular rearrangement
      of phosphoenolpyruvate in the biosynthetic sequence of carbon-phosphorus bond
      formation. 2. Incubation of [32P]phosphoenolpyruvate with the same preparation,
      followed by treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, yielded labelled
      hydrazones. When these were subjected to hydrogenolysis, the radioactivity was
      recovered in 2-aminoethylphosphonate and 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionate,
      suggesting that 2-phosphonoacetaldehyde and 3-phosphonopyruvic acid were probable
      precursors of the aminoalkylphosphonic acids. 3. Radioactivity from 2-amino-3
      phosphono-[3-14C]propionic acid was incorporated into 2-aminoethylphosphonic
      acid, but incorporation of the radioactivity into lipids was negligible.

PMID- 170980
TI  - Induced changes in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of mammalian
      catalases.
AB  - The EPR spectra of bovine liver catalase, rat liver catalase and human
      erythrocyte catalase have been measured at 9.0 degrees K. In N-2
      hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulphonic acid (HEPES) and Tris buffers at pH
      7.0, the liver catalases show EPR spectra typical of rhombically distorted high
      spin ferric heme with major lines at g = 6.50, 5.35, 1.98. A number of extra
      lines are also seen; these are weak or absent in human erythrocyte catalase. The
      effect of the addition of formate, nitrite, acetate, fluoride, azide,
      hypophosphite and of inactivation with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on the degree of
      rhombic distortion has been studied. There is a good correlation between the low
      temperature EPR and room temperature optical changes for the binding of formic
      acid in HEPES and Tris. There is no evidence from EPR spectra for the presence of
      heme-heme interactions in the binding of formic acid to human erythrocyte
      catalase. The properties of catalase are altered in phosphate and in distilled
      water. This is a consequence of the low temperature of measurement.

PMID- 170981
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of catalase in mammalian tissues.
AB  - The relatively small number of paramagnetic species and the high concentration of
      catalase in mammalian liver and blood make it possible to directly study this
      enzyme in frozen whole tissue. The EPR spectra of catalase are dependent on the
      heme environment and in human blood only catalase A, gxy = 6.48, 5.36 is observed
      whereas in liver a second spectrum, catalase B, gxy = 6.80, 5.07 can also be
      seen. Using rapid freeze techniques it has been shown that in rat liver catalase
      A corresponds to the in vivo steady state and that after death this is largely
      converted into catalase B. Data from the perfusion of rat livers with oxygenated
      and deoxygenated blood and dextran solutions together with results from in vitro
      studies of catalase are interpreted as indicating that catalase B results from
      the interaction of catalase with an organic acid, most probably formic acid, that
      the acid is a peroxidative substrate for catalase in vivo and that peroxidation
      of the acid is not the major role for catalase in rat liver. Catalase binding
      with other small molecules in intact liver has been demonstrated by perfusion
      with nitrite-containing dextrans and by intraperitoneal injection of 3-amino
      1,2,4-triazole.

PMID- 170982
TI  - Magnetic studies of the four-iron high-potential, non-heme protein from
      Chromatium vinosum.
AB  - Extensive EPR studies on high-potential, iron-sulfur protein from Chromatium
      vinosum indicate that the singular spectrum of this four-iron, non-heme protein
      consists of a superposition of three distinct signals; namely, two principal
      signals of equal weight, one reflecting axial and the other rhombic symmetry, and
      a third nearly isotropic minority component. In addition, magnetic susceptibility
      experiments on two oxidation states of the protein from 4.2 to approx. 260
      degrees K indicate antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between iron atoms.
      Possible origins of the complex EPR signals are discussed, and a preferred model
      that is consistent with EPR, magnetic susceptibility, NMR, X-ray, and Mossbauer
      data is presented.

PMID- 170983
TI  - Characterization of the respiratory nitrate reductase of Klebsiella aerogenes as
      a molybdenum-containing iron-sulfur enzyme.
AB  - 1. In respiratory nitrate reductase I of Klebsiella aerogenes, 0.24 atom of
      molybdenum, eight iron-sulfur groups and four tightly bound, non-heme iron atoms
      per molecule of enzyme (Mr 260 000) are found. 2. EPR spectra at 83 degrees K of
      oxidized and reduced nitrate reductase I show complex lines at g = 2.02 and g =
      1.98, which are more intense in the reduced than in the oxidized enzyme. The
      resonances, the shape and intensity of which are rather temperature insensitive,
      are attributed to two species of paramagnetic molybdenum. In dithionite-reduced
      enzyme all these lines are saturated at the same microwave power of 15 mW. This
      is not the case in oxidized enzyme, where the resonance at g = 2.02 is hard to
      saturate. Addition of nitrate to dithionite-reduced reductase I decreases the
      intensity of the EPR lines to about that of oxidized enzyme. The participation of
      molybdenum in the electron transfer process has been discussed. 3. At 18 degrees
      K the oxidized enzyme exhibits an axial-symmetrical signal with g parallel = 2.10
      and g = 2.03, and a signal with unknown symmetry at g = 2.015. Upon reduction by
      dithionite, a ferredoxin type of signal is observed with g values at 2.05, 1.95
      and 1.88, while the g = 2.015 signal disappears. Reoxidation by nitrate causes a
      concomitant disappearance of the ferredoxin type of signal and reappearance of
      the g = 2.015 signal; hence iron-sulfur centres participate in the transfer of
      electrons to nitrate. 4. Nitrate reductase II, containing only two (Mr 117 000
      and 57 000) of the three subunits found in nitrate reductase I and lacking the
      tightly bound iron, does not exhibit the axial-symmetrical signal (g = 2.10 and
      2.03). Thus, it suggested that this signal in nitrate reductase I stems from an
      iron centre in the low-molecular weight subunit (Mr 52 000). 5. Inhibition
      studies confirm the participation of metals in the transfer of electrons from
      reduced benzylviologen to nitrate and show that the binding sites for these
      substrates are different.

PMID- 170984
TI  - Preparation of lutropin with acetyl or acetimidinyl substituents on the amino
      groups of the beta-subunit.
AB  - The free amino groups in ovine lutropin beta subunit were acylated with acetic
      anhydride and methyl acetimidinate-HCl to produce the corresponding acetyl and
      acetimidinyl ovine lutropin beta derivative. These two derivatives recombined
      with ovine lutropin alpha as well as native ovine lutropin beta, but produced
      lutropin derivatives which were 33-50% less active than the ovine lutropin alpha
      + ovine lutropin beta in biological assays.

PMID- 170985
TI  - D-galactose accumulation in rabbit ileum. Effects of theophylline on serosal
      permeability.
AB  - The effects of theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, on in vitro unidirectional
      galactose fluxes across the mucosal and serosal borders of rabbit ileum have been
      studied. 1. When Ringer [galactose] = 2mM, theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      reduce both mucosal-serosal and serosal-mucosal galactose flux by approx. 50%.
      The K1 for theophylline inhibition of flux in both directions is 2 mM. 1 mM
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP elicits a maximal inhibitory response. Concurrent with the
      inhibition in transmural galactose fluxes, theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      increase the tissue accumulation of [galactose] and the specific-activity ratio R
      of 3H : 14C-labelled galactose coming from the mucosal and serosal solutions
      respectively. It is deduced that theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP are
      without effect on the mucosal unidirectional permeability to galactose but cause
      a symmetrical reduction in serosal entry and exit permeability. 2. Reduction in
      the asymmetry of the mucosal border to galactose by reducing Ringer [Na], raising
      Ringer [galctose] or adding ouabain reduces the theophylline-dependent increase
      in galactose accumulation. 3. Hypertonicity in the serosal solution increases the
      permeability of the serosal border to galactose and reduces tissue galactose
      accumulation. Serosal hypertonicity partially reverses the theophylline-depedent
      effects on galactose transport. Replacing Ringer chloride by sulphate abolishes
      the theophylline-dependent effects on galactose transport. 4. It is considered
      that the theophylline-dependent increase in galactose accumulation results from
      the reduction in serosal permeability. This is shown to be a quantitatively
      consistent inference. 5. Further support for the view that the asymmetric
      transport of galactose in rabbit ileum results from convective-diffusion is
      presented.

PMID- 170986
TI  - A comparison of the interfacial interactions of the apoprotein from high density
      lipoprotein and beta-casein with phospholipids.
AB  - The conformations adopted by beta-casein and the total apoprotein from serum high
      density lipoprotein when spread at the air-water interface are compared; the
      monolayer data are consistent with the apoprotein being alpha-helical and the
      beta-casein being disordered with segments distributed in loops and trains. The
      penetration of these hydrophobic proteins into phosphatidylcholine monolayers in
      different physical states was investigated. More protein can penetrate into
      monolayers when they are in the liquid-expanded state; for penetration at
      constant total surface area the lateral compressibility of the lipid is an
      important factor. The charge and conformation of the polar group of the
      phospholipid does not have a major influence on the interaction. The mixed films
      of lipid and protein have a mosaic structure; probably the beta-casein is in a
      compressed state whereas the apoprotein is extended as alpha-helices in the plane
      of the interface. The chain-length depedences of the interaction of the
      apoprotein with phosphatidylcholine monolayers and bilayers are different; when
      the apoprotein binds to bilayers of shorter-chain phosphatidylcholines it alters
      the shape of the lipid-water interface whereas with monolayers the interface
      remains planar throughout.

PMID- 170987
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of DNA polymerases from a Rous sarcoma
      virus-transformed rat cell line.
AB  - A new DNA polymerase was partially purified from cell-free extracts of a
      continuous rat cell-line (XC). The XC cells had been transformed by the Prague
      strain of Rous sarcoma virus but did not produce infectious virus. The molecular
      weight of the DNA polymerase is 70,000, as estimated by glycerol gradient
      centrifugation and by Sephadex gel filtration. This enzyme can be distinguished
      from the other cellular DNA polymerases by its elution pattern on DNA-cellulose
      column chromatography, its molecular weight, and its primer-template specificity.
      The enzyme has some characteristics of the murine leukemia virus reverse
      transcriptase. It is partially inhibited by immunoglobulin G purified from rabbit
      antiserum prepared against Rauscher leukemia virus reverse transcriptase, but is
      not inhibited by IgG from rat antiserum prepared against avian myeloblastosis
      virus reverse transcriptase. However, the XC cell enzyme can be distinguished
      from the murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase by its inefficiency in
      copying an oligo(dG)12-poly(rC)primer-template.

PMID- 170988
TI  - Nuclear phosphoprotein kinase activities in normal and neoplastic tissues.
AB  - Nuclear phosphoprotein kinases from normal rat liver and transplantable neoplasms
      were fractionated and compared. A phosphoprotein kinase fraction activated by
      Mn2+ was found to be present only in the neoplasms. This nuclear protein kinase
      phosphorylated nuclear proteins represented by one major and several minor bands
      as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (M approximately 50,000).

PMID- 170989
TI  - Uptake of [3H] thymidine and cell DNA synthesis during the early multiplication
      phase of herpesvirus hominis in BHK cells.
AB  - Experiments about the interaction of herpes viruses with BHK-cells during the
      first 6 h after infection concerning uptake and incorporation of dThd have been
      reported. During adsorption and penetration, the inhibition of uptake and of
      incorporation of [3H] dThd is sensitive to heat, but not to ultraviolet
      irradiation or cycloheximide. The eclipse is characterized by a strongly
      increased uptake of [3H] dThd and by inhibition of cell DNA synthesis. Both are
      sensitive to ultraviolet irradiation of the particles and cycloheximid treatment
      of the cells. It is concluded that the events during adsorption and penetration
      are dependent on the particles themselves, whereas the events during the eclipse
      depend on the activity of the viral genome. The implications of the findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 170990
TI  - Relation of cell type and cell density to the degree of post-transcriptional
      modification of tRNALys and tRNAPhe.
AB  - An examination of the reversed-phase chromatographic profiles of tRNALys and
      tRNAPhe from SV40-transformed BALB/3T3 cells grown to different cell densities,
      untransformed BALB/3T3 cells grown to confluency and BALB/c mouse liver indicates
      that with increasing cell density in culture the degree of the peroxy-Y
      modification in tRNAPhe and an undetermined modification in tRNALys become more
      like that of differentiated tissue (liver). Because precursor/product
      relationships appear to exist among the unmodified and modified forms of the
      isoaccepting species for each of these tRNAs, the present findings support the
      view that the often reported differences in tRNA isoaccepting spectra result
      primarily from differences in post-transcriptional modifications, rather than
      from different tRNA transcripts.

PMID- 170991
TI  - Synthesis of viral proteins by the avian myeloblastosis viral core component.
AB  - Avian Myeloblastosis Viral (AMV) core component was isolated and shown to
      synthesize AMV proteins in vitro. This reaction was linearly dependent on viral
      core concentration, proceeded linearly with time, and was inhibited by puromycin
      and aurintricarboxylic acid. The proteins synthesized in vitro co-electrophoresed
      and co-chromatographed with known proteins, and were immunoprecipitated by total
      and monospecific antibodies to known AMV proteins.

PMID- 170993
TI  - Plasma lipoproteins in rats with experimental biliary obstruction. II. An
      ultrastructural study.

PMID- 170992
TI  - Plasma lipoproteins in rats with experimental biliary obstruction. I. A chemical
      study.
AB  - Acute biliary obstruction in the rat is associated with striking alterations of
      the plasma level and the physico-chemical properties of plasma lipoproteins. 1.
      The level of very low density lipproteins (VLDL) in plasma increases from 2 to 3
      fold. The chemical composition of VLDL is characterized by a high content of
      phospholipids and cholesterol and by a diminution of the relative content of
      triacylglycerols and protein. On cellulose acetate electrophoresis, VLDL show a
      beta-mobility. 2. The plasma concentration of low density lipoproteins (1.019-
      1.063 g/ml, LDL2) increases several fold above the control level. Phospholipids
      and unesterified cholesterol are the major components of this fraction which
      contains only a minute amount of cholesteryl ester (4%) and triacylglycerols
      (10%). LDL2 contain a component which migrates to the cathode in 1% agar gel
      electrophoresis. Separation of LDL2 by gel filtration on 2% agarose column
      results in the identification of three subfractions. Subfraction I contains a
      large proportion of cholesterol and triacylgylcerols, subfraction II is rich in
      unesterified cholesterol and phospholipids whereas subfraction III has a chemical
      composition fairly similar to that of the control LDL2. 3. The level of high
      density lipoproteins (HDL) also increases after bile duct ligation. The chemical
      composition of HDL2 (1.063-1.125 g/ml) is characterized by a high content of
      unesterified cholesterol and phospholipids and by a remarkable reduction in the
      content of cholesteryl esters and protein.

PMID- 170994
TI  - Properties of rooster serum high density lipoproteins.

PMID- 170996
TI  - The involvement of receptro sulphydryl groups in the binding of steroids to the
      cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor from rat thymus.
AB  - The glucocorticoid receptor protein present in the high-speed supernant fraction
      of rat thymus tissue is extremely unstable, having a half-life of about 2 h at 4
      degrees C. It was found that the decline in steroid-binding capacity could be
      slowed, though not arrested completely, by the addition of sulphydryl-protecting
      agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol, and by EDTA. The inactivation
      was also partly reversed by these agents. 0.5 mM N-ethylmaleimideor p
      chloromercuriphenylsulphonic acid inactivated the recptor at 4 degrees C, but the
      presence of bound steroid protected the receptor against this inactivation. Bound
      steroid did not protect the receptor against the action of higher concentrations
      of these reagents. Treatment of intact thymus cells with 2,4-dinitrophenol
      resulted in a reduction in the steroid-binding capacity of the supernatant
      fraction derived from these cells. This effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol could not be
      reversed by the presence of dithiothreitol in the extraction buffer. It is
      concluded that the inactivation of the receptor in vitro is at least partly due
      to the oxidation of one or more sulphydryl groups necessary for steroid binding;
      the process of oxidation does not account for the reduction in steroid binding
      observed in intact thymus cells under conditions of energy deprivation.

PMID- 170995
TI  - Response of renal calcium-binding protein. Independence of kidney vitamin D
      hydroxylation.
AB  - Dietary calcium and dietary phosphorus restriction were studied in chicks fed
      either cholecalciferol or 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. Intestinal calcium
      absorption and calcium-binding protein of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol-treated
      chicks remained unchanged under dietary calcium restriction, but increased under
      dietary phosphorus restriction. Kidney calcium-binding protein was not altered by
      dietary caclium restriction in chidks treated with either cholecalciferol or
      1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, but increased under dietary phosphorus restriction
      independent of the vitamin D source. In contrast to the intestine, calcium
      binding activity of the kidney was found to be poorly related to the calcium
      binding protein concentration. It is suggested that kidney calcium-binding
      protein is regulated by a mechanism different from that of intestinal calcium
      binding protein, and that its concentration in renal tissue is related to renal
      caclium excretion or plasma calcium level.

PMID- 170997
TI  - Discovery of a 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate simulating factor in amoebae of
      Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 170999
TI  - The effect of catecholamines and prostaglandins upon human and rat erythrocytes.
AB  - Both human and rat erythrocytes respond to low doses (10(-11)--10(-9) M) of L
      isoproterenol and L-epinephrine with an increased degree of hypotonic hemolysis
      and a decreased rate of filtration through standardized paper filters. The
      receptors in both cell types have many of the characteristics of beta-receptors
      for catecholamines. However, hormone-receptor interaction in the human cell does
      not lead to an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration, but in the rat
      cell, hormone-receptor interaction does lead to a significant increase in cyclic
      AMP content. Thus, catecholamine-beta-receptor interaction, at least in the human
      red cell, leads to a change in red cell properties which are not mediated by
      adenylate cyclase activation. Likewise, prostaglandin E2, at 10(-12)--10(-10) M,
      causes are increased degree of hypotonic hemolysis and a decreased rate of
      filtration through standardized paper filters, but it also does not increase the
      cycliC AMP content of the human erythrocyte but does increase that of the rat
      erythrocyte. Nevertheless, exogenous cyclic AMP, when added at a concentration of
      10(-8) M to washed human erythrocytes, increases the degree of hypotonic
      hemolysis. Conversely, prostaglandin E1, at 10(-12)--10(-10) M, causes a
      decreased degree of hypotonic hemolysis and an increased rate of filtration
      through a standard filter. Both prostaglandin E2 and the catecholamines decrease
      the size of a rapidly exchangeable calcium pool, and prostaglandin E1 increases
      it.

PMID- 170998
TI  - The effects of pregnancy and lactation on the activities in rat liver of some
      enzymes associated with glucose metabolism.
AB  - 1. The ratio of the combined activities of hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) and
      glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) to the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9)
      changed in favour of the glycolytic enzymes during pregnancy and at peak
      lactation. 2. There were no important changes in the ratio of the activity of
      phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) to that of fructose diphosphatase (EC
      3.1.3.11). 3. The ratio of the activity of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) to the
      combined activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EE 4.1.1.32) and pyruvate
      carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) changed in favour of the glycolytic enzyme during
      pregnancy and at peak lactation, but changed in favour of the gluconeogenic
      enzymes immediately after parturition. 4. These changes are considered in
      relation to the changes in food intake and hormonal status that occur during
      pregnancy and lactation.

PMID- 171000
TI  - Implications of the reorganizational behavior of condensed phosphates for
      mitochondrial phosphorylation.
AB  - The composition of phosphorus-32 labeled polyphosphoric acid (32PPA) prepared
      from, (i) H3(32)PO4 and (82 percent w/w) P2O5 and, (ii) by incorporation of
      radioactivity from H3(32)PO4 into unlabeled polyphosphoric acid (PPA) was
      examined and found to be the same. The identity of these condensed phosphorate
      mixtures, as established, argues strongly in favor of a rapid and complete
      equilibration and provides direct evidence in support of Van Wazer's
      reorganization theory of condensed phosphates. No evidence for metaphosphates or
      label exchange in an aqueous environment was found. 32PPA was found to exist in
      metastable equilibrium with 32PPA as a crystalline solid of different
      composition. Agreement of hydrolytic rate data from the mixtures of condensed
      phosphates with literature values for individual species suggests that the
      hydrolysis of the pyro- and tripoly-phosphate species proceeds independently in
      the presence of other homologs. The rate of hydrolysis of the condensed
      phosphates (at pH5.0 and 65 degrees C) was found to be proportional to chain
      length, increasing about four-fold between pyro- and hexapoly-phosphate. The same
      correlation is also manifest in the adenosine 5' polyphosphates. A slight
      enhancement in the rate of hydrolysis of adenosine diphosphate, increasingly more
      pronounced in the case of adenosine tri- and tetra-phosphate, was also noted.
      This effect is attributed to the presence of the adenosine moiety. The most
      interesting aspect of the rate data is to be found in the similarity of the rates
      of hydrolysis of the adenosine 5' polyphosphates, relative to their inorganic
      polyphosphate counterparts. The significance of these findings is discussed and
      the viewpoint is presented that the properties of condensed phosphates are
      compatible with the requisite characteristics that must be predicated of any in
      situ phosphoryl precursor in mitochondrial phosphorylation.

PMID- 171001
TI  - Enzymatic and non-enzymatic assay of superoxide dismutase.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase from breef brain and rat liver was assayed in an enzymatic
      system, using xanthine oxidase, and a non-enzymatic system, based on aerobic
      reduction of nitro-blue tetrazolium in presence of phenazine methosulphate. The
      non-enzymatic assay is rapid and simple and permits simulatneous analysis of many
      samples.  Similar results are  found by the two methods of assay of superoxide
      dismutase.

PMID- 171002
TI  - [Cyclic AMP in barley seed and seedlings and bacterial and fungal contamination].

PMID- 171003
TI  - Cochlear adaptation: a theoretical description.

PMID- 171004
TI  - On the Markov properties of interspike times in the cat optic tract.

PMID- 171005
TI  - The self-inhibited leaky integrator: transfer functions and steady state
      relations.

PMID- 171007
TI  - Neurophysiological studies in human premature and full-term newborns.

PMID- 171006
TI  - Desoxyribonucleic acid and pyrimidine synthesis in the rat during intra-uterine
      growth retardation: responsiveness of several organs.
AB  - The response of DNA synthesis, thymidine incorporation and the activities of
      uridine kinase, carbamyl phosphate synthetase and aspartate transcarbamylase were
      studied in the rat, following intra-uterine growth retardation. A good
      correlation was found between the falls of DNA production and thymidine
      incorporation and the decrease of the activity of the three enzymes during the
      fetal period. After birth, cell proliferation remained depressed but no further
      changes occurred in the enzymatic activities.

PMID- 171008
TI  - Neurophysiological observations in diseased newborns.
AB  - The early statements that the EEG alone could correctly be used for the
      assessment of gestational age (cf., among others, Dreyfus-Brisac, 1964; Parmelee
      et al., 1968; and Nolte et al., 1969), even in pathological babies, need some
      restrictive qualifications. Likewise, the more recent statements that certain
      neurophysiological parameters, including nerve conduction velocity and basic EEG
      patterns are independent not only of gestational age and body weight, but also of
      various abnormal factors in the pre- and perinatal periods, appear also too
      rigid, at least as regards the EEG and the other parameters used in this study.
      As a matter of fact, some authors who had adhered rather strictly to these
      concepts have later on presented evidence suggesting some deviations in
      bioelectric brain maturation in some cases, as for example, in small-for-date
      newborns of toxemic mothers (Schulte et al., 1972). When more exact
      quantification by coding techniques was applied (Parmelee et al., 1968), the
      conclusion was also reached that extrauterine and intrauterine development of
      bioelectric brain activity developed according to the conceptional age,
      regardless of variable extrauterine experience, although it was recognized that
      other categories of behavioral and neurophysiological activities, for example,
      Moro reflex, states stability, crying, sucking, scores, etc., are more labile to
      environmental and pathological factors (Prechtl et al., 1972; Michaelis et al.,
      1973).

PMID- 171009
TI  - Biorhythms in toxicology and pharmacology. I. Generalities, ultradian and
      circadian biorhythms.
AB  - According to their periods, rhythms can be classified in ultradian (period
      inferior to one day), circadian (period equal to one day) and infradian (period
      superior to one day). Different biorhythms of endogenous origin are modified
      mostly relatively to their amplitude by definite doses of the effects of
      pharmacological or toxic agents. Circadian variations of the effects of drugs, of
      the toxicities of gases as well as circadian modifications of the reactions to
      different stresses and agressions have been demonstrated amply in animals (mostly
      nocturnal rodents) and sometimes in man. In a general way reactions are more
      rapid and more marked in the active period where enzymatic reactions show a peak
      activity corresponding to a maximal energy output than during the rest and sleep
      periods.

PMID- 171010
TI  - Lipid lateral phase separations. Spin label freeze-fracture electron microscopy
      studies.

PMID- 171011
TI  - Charge separation and energy transfer in the mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 171012
TI  - Stimulation by organic solvents and detergents of conversion of L-sorbose to L
      sorbosone by Gluconobacter melanogenus IFO 3293.
AB  - Treatment of Gluconobacter melanogenus IFO 3293 cells with benzene, carbon
      tetrachloride, cyclohexane, deoxycholate, toluene, or xylene stimulated their
      conversion of L-sorbose to L-sorbosone two- to threefold. The degree of
      stimulation depended upon the length of exposure time to the agent and the age of
      the G. melanogenus cells. A rapid decrease in viability of the cells and
      degradation of cell RNA was noted after treatment with the effective agents. The
      G. melanogenus cells were unable to absorb L-sorbose actively after toluene
      treatment.

PMID- 171013
TI  - Simplified flow reactor for electrochemically driven enzymatic reactions
      involving cofactors.

PMID- 171014
TI  - [Effect of triftazin on the transmission of excitation in the brain of the rabbit
      under the prolonged administration of the preparation].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on awake rabbits to which trifluoperazine was given
      daily for 2 weeks in a dose of 1 mg/kg a day; a study was made of the reaction of
      the cortical neurones in response to the electrostimulation of its adjacent
      areas. In measuring the dispersions of the poststimular histograms it was found
      that under the effect of trifluoperazine there occurred a reduction of the value
      and the duration of the responses of the cortical neurons after the infliction of
      stimulation. The effect obtained after the administration of trifluoperazine was
      regarded from the point of view of aggravation of the signal conduction in the
      neuronal reticula.

PMID- 171015
TI  - [Effect of catecholaminergic substances on the proconvulsive properties of the
      caudate nucleus].
AB  - In the freely moving rats stimulants of catecholaminergic tramission (DOPA,
      apomorphine, d,1-amphetamine, and also their combination with disulfiram) reduced
      the proconvulsive properties of the caudate nucleus. Under the effect of these
      substances there occurred a shortening of the cortical electroencephalographic
      response to a single stimulation of the nucleus in the animals given
      subconvulsive doses of pentaxylenetetrazol and a reduction of the extent of the
      spike-wave rhythm induced by the repeated caudate stimuli. On the contrary,
      inhibitors of catecholaminergic transmission (chlorpromazine, haloperidol, alpha
      methyltyrosine and disulfiram) intensified the proconvulsive effect of the
      caudate nucleus.

PMID- 171016
TI  - [Effect of sodium oxybutyrate on regional blood circulation and on neural
      regulation of vascular tonus].
AB  - The effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate on the blood flow in the aorta, carotid,
      mesenteric and femoral arteries were studied on cats and dogs. The circulation
      was assessed by the electromagnetic and resistographic methods, in the
      anesthetized and nonanesthetized animals. The tonic activity was recorded in the
      sympathetic nerves and the EEG. Sodium hydroxybutrate was shown to decrease the
      sympathetic activity, resulting in the increase of the regional circulation and
      induced the EEG synchronization. The latter effect was more pronounced in the
      arotid arteries. It can be assumed that sodium hydroxybutyrate affects the
      nervous control of the blood vessels.

PMID- 171017
TI  - An electrophysiological analysis of the effects of reserpine on adrenergic
      neuromuscular transmission.
AB  - 1 An electrophysiological study has been made of the effects of depleting
      synaptic vesicles (i.e. small vesicles less than 60 nm diameter) of their
      transmitter with reserpine on the quantity of transmitter released by nerve
      impulses, using the amplitude of the synaptic potential as a measure of
      transmitter release. 2 Pretreatment of adrenergic nerve terminals with reserpine
      sufficient to deplete the terminals of 70% of their noradrenaline (NA) did not
      change the total number of synaptic vesicles in the terminals, but did reduce the
      number with a large granular core as well as the quantity of NA released by a
      single nerve impulse by 80%. 3 Pretreatment of adrenergic nerve terminals with
      reserpine and iproniazid, to decrease vesicular NA but enhance cytoplasmic NA,
      had the same effect on synaptic vesicles and on the NA released by a single nerve
      impulse as did reserpine alone. 4 During a short train of impulses at high
      frequencies in reserpine pretreated terminals, the quantity of NA released by
      successive impulses increased until a steady-state release was reached comparable
      to that in untreated preparations. This facilitated release could be
      quantitatively predicted in terms of the addition of the individual potentiations
      introduced by each impulse in the train. 5 These results are consistent with the
      idea that each quantum of transmitter is stored in a synaptic vesicle, and that
      these may be released by nerve impulses directly from the terminal by a process
      of exocytosis.

PMID- 171019
TI  - Impotence.

PMID- 171020
TI  - Dependence upon hypnotic and sedative drugs.

PMID- 171021
TI  - Community care: an analysis of assumptions.
AB  - The implementation of a policy of "community care' is seen to involve a number of
      assumptions, some of which are rarely examined. These can be roughly categorized
      as involving the nature of mental illness, the nature of community, the course
      and treatment of mental illness, the proper scope of psychiatry, the burden on
      the community and the efficacy of social work. Data bearing on these assumptions
      are reviewed, and the conclusion is offered that they are far from being
      uncontentious. It is suggested that the movement toward community care has many
      of the attributes of a moral enterprise which, unless substantiated by benefits
      to the patient or his family, may be the latest diversion of the psychiatric
      conscience from the care and treatment of the chronic mentally ill.

PMID- 171018
TI  - An electrophysiological analysis of the effect of Ca ions on neuromuscular
      transmission in the mouse vas deferens.
AB  - 1 A study has been made of the effects of changing the external calcium
      concentration [Ca]0 and the external magnesium concentration [Mg]0 on the
      synaptic potential due to noradrenaline release. 2 When [Ca]0 was varied in the
      range 0.7 to 1.8 mM, the synaptic potential increased as about the second power
      of [Ca]0. 3 Increasing [Mg]0 depressed the synaptic potential; however, variation
      of [Ca]0 in the presence of high [Mg]0 did not significantly change the power
      relationship between the synaptic potential and [Ca]0. 4 The facilitated increase
      in the synaptic potential during short trains of impulses at different
      frequencies was quantitatively predicted on the assumption that each impulse
      leaves residual Ca ions bound to release receptors in the nerve terminal.

PMID- 171023
TI  - Extra-osseous localization of 99Tcm-Sn pyrophosphate.
AB  - 99Tcm-Sn pyrophosphate bone scans of 250 patients referred for skeletal
      metastatic survey were analysed to determine the frequency of abnormal extra
      osseous localization and the various pathological causes. Twenty-six patients
      demonstrated abnormal extra-osseous concentration. There were three false
      positives. Sixty-five per cent of the extra-osseous lesions concentrating
      pyrophosphate were malignant (carcinoma of lung and breast, metastatic hepatic
      carcinoma, chondrosarcoma) and the remainder were benign lesions, e.g.
      sarcoidosis, soft-tissue calcification, post-surgical and irradiation sites. An
      incidental finding was the unusual frequency of accumulation of pyrophosphate in
      various joints, especially the knees and shoulders in asymptomatic patients above
      70 years of age.

PMID- 171022
TI  - Anabolic and androgenic effects of methandrostenolone ("Nerobol") during
      systematic physical activity in rats.

PMID- 171024
TI  - The nitrofurans as sperm immobilising agents: their tissue toxicity and their
      clinical application.
AB  - Nitrofurantoin sodium and nitrofurazone in certain critical concentrations have
      the ability to cause sperm immobilisation. Intraoperative vas irrigation with
      these solutions in 24 patients have produced sterility in the immediate
      postoperative period.

PMID- 171025
TI  - The sympathetic nervous system in alcoholic neuropathy. A clinical and
      pathological study.
AB  - Tests of autonomic function were performed on 12 subjects with alcoholic
      neuropathy. Abnormal sweat patterns occurred in 8/8 (100 per cent) and an
      abnormal Valsalva ratio in 2/9 (22 per cent). Postural hypotension and
      denervation hypersensitivity were absent in all patients examined. A quantitative
      assessment of baroreceptor function was made. The resting heart period, heart
      period range and mean gain of alcoholics were within the control range.
      Quantitative histological studies were performed on the greater splanchnic nerves
      removed at autopsy in 4 alcoholic subjects. The myelinated fibre density fell
      within the control range. The absence of significant disturbance of blood
      pressure control correlates well with the absence of pathology in the greater
      splanchnic nerve.

PMID- 171026
TI  - Recurrent brachial plexus neuropathy.
AB  - The clinical, electrophysiological and pathological changes in 3 patients with
      recurrent attacks of non-traumatic brachial plexus neuropathy have been
      described. Two had recurrent attacks and a dominant family history of similar
      attacks, together with evidence of lesser degrees of nerve involvement outside
      the brachial plexus. In one patient the attacks were moderately painful, while in
      the other there was little or no pain. Only one showed undue slowing of motor
      nerve conduction during ischaemia, but in both cases the sural nerves had the
      changes of tomaculous neuropathy, with many sausage-shaped swellings of the
      myelin sheaths, and extensive segmental demyelination and remyelination. The
      third patient had two attacks of acute brachial plexus neuropathy which were both
      extremely painful. The clinical features were compatible with a diagnosis of
      neuralgic amuotrophy. In the second attack, there was vagus nerve involvement and
      the sural nerve showed evidence of healed extensive segmental demyelination. The
      various syndromes presenting with acute non-traumatic brachial plexus neuropathy
      are reviewed, and a tentative nonsological classification advanced. Most patients
      fall into the category of acute, painful paralysis with amyotrophy, with no
      family history and no evidence of lesions outside the brachial plexus. It is
      suggested that the term "neuralgic amyotrophy" be restricted to this group.
      Patients with features outside this clinical picture probably suffer from other
      disease entities presenting with brachial plexus neuropathy. The familial cases
      constitute one or more aetioliogical subgroups, differing from neuralgic
      amyotrophy in the frequency of recurrences, the relative freedom from pain in the
      attacks, the frequency of nerve lesions outside the brachial plexus, and of
      hypotelorism. Individual attacks of acute brachial plexus neuropathy, however,
      may be identical in patients with the different diseases, and further
      pathological and biochemical studies are awaited to aid in nosology.

PMID- 171027
TI  - Unmyelinated fibres and Schwann cells of sural nerve in neuropathy.
AB  - Electron micrographs of 45 sural nerves from patients with acquired (22) or
      heredodegenerative neuropathy (23) were analysed with respect to the number of
      unmyelinated nerve fibres, 37 nerves with respect to the number of Schwann cell
      sub-units and of structures connected with Schwann cells. Findings were compared
      with those in 6 nerves from control subjects and referred to the total number
      rather than to the number per mm2 to eliminate error due to increase in the
      transverse endoneurial area, present in more than half the diseased nerves.
      Ninety-one per cent of the diseased nerves showed one or several abnormalities in
      unmyelinated fibres of their Schwann cells. The best indicator of fibre loss was
      an increase in the number of Schwann cell sub-units devoid of axons, found in
      more than half the nerves. This was the only abnormality related with decrease in
      number of myelinated fibres. The increase in number of empty Schwann cell sub
      units was due both to loss of unmyelinated nerve fibres and to proliferation of
      Schwann cells. Proliferation was indicated by the higher incidence of Schwann
      cell nuclei in cross-sections of diseased nerves than in controls. The earliest
      sign of involvement was an increase in number of profiles and of small isolated
      Schwann cell projections, observed in 33 of 37 diseased nerves, as the only
      abnormality in 7 nerves. The number of unmyelinated nerve fibres by itself was of
      little value to indicate loss of fibres, since regeneration often replaced or
      more than replaced degenerated fibres. Regeneration was indicated by an increase
      in number or incidence of small unmyelinated fibres, present in nearly half of 45
      diseased nerves; and by an increased in the total number, present in a third of
      the nerves. An increase in the number of collagen pockets and of fibres
      undergoing degeneration (loss of organelles) and a decrease in the number of
      unmyelinated fibres per Schwann cell sub-units was present in only a quarter to a
      third of diseased nerves and was not related to other criteria of loss of fibres
      or of regneration.

PMID- 171028
TI  - Effects of activity in non-myelinated afferent fibres on the spinocervical tract.
AB  - Microelectrode recordings were made from axons of the spinocervical tract (SCT)
      in unanaesthetized decerebrate-spinal cats. Pure volleys in non-myelinated (C)
      cutaneous nerve fibres were obtained by DC-polarization block of conduction in
      the myelinated (A) fibres, and SCT cells were classified according to whether or
      not they were excited by C fibres. The effects of conditioning C responses in the
      SCT with A and C fibre input were examined, as were the effects of conditioning A
      fibre responses in the tract with C fibre inputs. The effects of stimulating
      descending systems in the cervical spinal cord on the C fibre-evoked responses of
      SCT cells were determined. SCT units with a slowly-adapting pressure-sensitive
      component in their receptive fields responded to cutaneous C fibres in addition
      to A fibres. Units which responded only to hair movement when the receptive field
      was stimulated mechanically were not excited by C fibres. Responses in SCT
      neurones produced by C fibres were profoundly inhibited by conditioning volleys
      in A fibres of both ipsilateral and contralateral cutaneous nerves and by
      activity in several descending systems. Conditioning with C fibres failed to
      affect the responses of SCT cells to either A or C fibres. It is concluded that
      cutaneous C fibres excite some SCT cells but have no other effect on transmission
      through this system. It is suggested that there are common inhibitory
      interneurones in the paths from descending systems and cutaneous A and C fibres
      to the excitatory input to SCT cells.

PMID- 171029
TI  - Depressive effects of morphine upon lamina V cells activities in the dorsal horn
      of the spinal cat.
AB  - The effects of morphine upon the transmission of nociceptive messages at the
      spinal level have been investigated in spinal cats by studying its effects on the
      activities of lamina V dorsal horn interneurons. Morphine (2 mg/kg i.v.) induced
      a direct depressive action at the spinal level, since it strongly reduced both
      spontaneous and evoked activities of lamina V cells. The spontaneous firing rate
      and the responses elicited by natural nociceptive stimulation were decreased by
      50%. The responses of these units evoked by supramaximal electrical stimulation
      were reduced to 67% of their initial value; in this case, the depressive effect
      was much more prominent on the late component of the long duration responses. The
      observed depressive effects are specific since they are immediately reversed by
      administration of opiate antagonists (nalorphine or naloxone).

PMID- 171030
TI  - Electrophysiological evidence for the second store of ACh in preganglionic nerve
      terminals.

PMID- 171031
TI  - Sodium fluorescein: a new reference of NADH fluorometry.

PMID- 171032
TI  - Mitochondrial and cytosolic hexokinases in rat brain, with special reference to
      the change in experimental diabetes.

PMID- 171033
TI  - Intracellular postsynaptic potentials of cat lateral geniculate cells and the
      effects of degeneration of the optic terminals.
AB  - (1) The synaptic signal transmission was studied in the lateral geniculate
      nucleus (LGN) during the late phase of degeneration, 50-80 h after light
      coagulation of the optic disc and the retinal vessels of one eye. Postsynaptic
      potentials and action potentials were intracellularly recorded from normal LGN
      principal cells (N-cells) and cells with degenerating optic terminals (D-cells).
      EPSPs and postsynaptic action potentials were elicited by electrical stimulation
      of the optic tract. Two neuronal classes (I and II) were characterized according
      to their response latency to optic tract stimuli. (2) Spontaneous small EPSPs and
      slow changes of the membrane potential were found in D-cells and the EPSP-IPSP
      pattern normally present in N-cells was absent. (3) The responses to optic tract
      stimuli applied at low stimulus frequencies (less than 5 stimuli/sec) were
      identical in D-cells and N-cells. (4) At higher stimulus frequencies (greater
      than 50 stimuli/sec), the EPSP amplitude was, on average, significantly smaller
      in D-cells than in N-cells. (5) At frequencies above 50 stimuli/sec, the
      fluctuation of the EPSP amplitudes and the latency scattering of postsynaptic
      action potentials were larger in D-cells than in N-cells. (6) The slope of the
      rising phase of the EPSPs increased slightly in N-cells and decreased in D-cells
      when the stimulus frequency was raised from 5/sec to 100/sec (class I cells). (7)
      The decay time constant of the EPSP, the latency of the onset and the peak
      amplitude of EPSPs did not change during degeneration. (8) The hypothesis put
      forward to account for the results is that the amount of transmitter released by
      each action potential in degenerating terminals is reduced, but its variability
      is increased. This is probably caused by a reduction in both the transmitter
      reserve and the transmitter resynthesis, and also by a larger fluctuation of the
      size of transmitter quanta.

PMID- 171034
TI  - [Role of ACTH in regulation of aldosterone secretion].
AB  - During the nycthemeral cycle, ACTH modulated the aldosterone production and
      increases plasmatic level at the end of night. The chronic stimulant effect of
      angiotensin II is a permissive factor of ACTH influence on aldosterone formation.

PMID- 171035
TI  - [Specific insulin binding to chloroplasts isolated from Acetabularia
      mediterranea].
AB  - Kinetics of insulin fixation to chloroplasts, exponential dissociation of bound
      hormone, competition between radioactive and native insulins for binding and for
      release indicate that chloroplasts possess insulin receptors.

PMID- 171036
TI  - [Influence of darkness on insulin binding in the unicellular algae Acetabularia
      mediterranea].
AB  - Culture of Acetabularia in darkness increases the number of membrane receptor
      sites to insulin. This increase has not been observed with anucleated parts of
      algae. It may be concluded that induction of insulin receptor sites depends on
      the presence of the cell nucleus.

PMID- 171037
TI  - [Spike activity recorded at the level of optic tract in a primate, Papio papio].
AB  - Spike activity has been recorded, in two young baboons, at the part of the optic
      tract (O.T.) localized between the chiasma and the lateral geniculate (L.G.)
      during REM and also slow wave sleep, preceding or not a REM period. These spikes,
      mono or biphasic, were of 60-200 ms duration and of 30-140 muV amplitude. They
      occurred generally in bursts (up to 50 spikes); 4 to 10 spikes bursts were the
      more frequent. These O.T. spikes were assimilated to the L.G. spikes.

PMID- 171038
TI  - [Cytoimmunological and histochemical study of cat adenohypophyseal cells, made
      fluorescent by the Falck and Hillarp technic].
AB  - In the Cat, after Falck and Hillarp method, all the fluorescent cells of the PI
      and the anterior lobe of adenohypophysis can be revealed with specific anti-sera
      to ACTH(1-24), ACTH(17-39), bovine beta-MSH and porcine beta-LPH. With the lead
      hematoxyline staining method, two types of cells are recognizable in the anterior
      lobe, in which the non hormonal constituents of the granules must be different.

PMID- 171039
TI  - [Mouse pancreas involvement in murine hepatitis virus infection].
AB  - After intraperitoneal inoculation with mouse hepatitis virus (MHv) into mice, the
      excretory cells of the pancreas showed a marked vacuolar degeneration
      concomitantly with hepatitis. MHV-specific antigen was evidenced in the cytoplasm
      of infected cells. Electron microscopy revealed a number of virions within the
      matrix, spaces of the endoplasmic reticulum and areas of focal cytoplasmic
      necrosis. The virus titer of the pancreas was equal or superior to that of the
      liver at least in early stage of infection.

PMID- 171041
TI  - An electron microscopic study on the formation of the periostracum in Helisoma
      (Mollusca).
AB  - The ultrastructure of the cells involved in the formation of the periostracum in
      Helisoma duryi duryi is described. Two distinct types of periostracal cells can
      be recognized: light and dark. The Golgi complexes of the light cell are involved
      in the biogenesis of periostracal units which are extruded at the base of the
      periostracal groove. Here they align into a single row so as to form the membrane
      like lamellar covering of the periostracum. While the secretions of the dark
      periostracal cells contribute to the initial component of the dark layer of the
      periostracum, the mantle edge gland cells are responsible for its thickening. The
      adult periostracum is about 2--3 mum thick and it consists of a single dark layer
      covered by a membrane-like lamellar structure.

PMID- 171040
TI  - Filaments and granules in mitochondrial vacuoles in chondrocytes.
AB  - As chondrocytes degenerate mitochondria frequently become vacuolated. Vacuoles
      seem to form by an invagination of mitochondria into their own matrix followed by
      cytoplasmic invasion. The bounding membrane of vacuoles and the electron dense
      granules which are intermittently dispersed around its periphery are positive
      when stained with phosphotungstic acid and with silver nitrate methenamine after
      periodic acid oxidation, indicating the presence of glycoprotein; they are also
      positive after staining with colloidal iron and bismuth nitrate, indicating the
      presence of acid proteoglycans. Within vacuoles and apparently arising from their
      glycoprotein proteoglycan boundary are small filaments composed of granular and
      filamentous protions. Vacuoles and their contents are exocytosed thus accounting
      for the presence of granules and filaments in pericellular lacunae. In
      pericellular lacunae and in the extracellular matrix, filaments interconnect with
      granules or with collagen fibrils, or both. Filaments decrease in number as the
      distance from the cell increases, while granules decrease in size but remain
      numerous. Filaments and granules decrease in the extracellular matrix as collagen
      fibrils aggregate and as the matric calcifies. Thus, they may play a role in
      aggregation of collagen fibrils. Filaments and granules also decrease with
      increasing age. Filaments and granules do not seem to be derived from Golgi
      vacuoles. They are present in costal, tracheal, and epiphyseal cartilage in three
      different species of animals.

PMID- 171042
TI  - Comparison of the effect of various methods of dissociation on the protein
      composition of rat liver ribosomal subunits.
AB  - Rat liver ribosomes were dissociated into subunits using EDTA, sodium
      pyrophosphate, high concentrations of KC1, as well as by incubation with
      puromycin in presence of 0.5 M KC1. The subunits obtained were analyzed using the
      density gradient centrifugation technique and their ribosomal proteins were
      separated by means of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      ribosomal protein patterns of the two subunits isolated using each of the
      dissociating method were compared to the protein patterns of monosomes prepared
      by puromycin treatment alone. Our results revealed that the use of chelating
      agents to dissociate the ribosomes resulted in the loss of some ribosomal
      proteins from the small subunit. On the other hand, the use of KC1 in high
      concentrations to dissociate the ribosomes did not appear to cause any major loss
      of proteins from the ribosomes except for some acidic proteins.

PMID- 171043
TI  - Inhibition of phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis in baby hamster kidney-21
      cells infected with Semliki Forest virus.
AB  - Semliki Forest virus inhibits phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis in baby
      hamster kidney-21 cells 6 h after infection. Viral infection reduced the
      incorporation of [1,2-14C]-ethanolamine into intact cells by approximately 50%. A
      similar reduction in the activity of the ethanolaminephosphotransferase (EC
      2.7.8.1) was also observed. The apparent Km for CDPethanolamine was 60 muM for
      the microsomal enzymes from infected or mock-infected cells. In addition,
      exogenous diglyceride only stimulated by 1.5-fold the
      ethanolaminephosphotransferase from virus- or mock-infected cells, whereas the
      same diglyceride preparations stimulated the cholinephosphotransferase (EC
      2.7.8.2) from baby hamster kidney cells by sixfold. Generation of endogenous
      diglyceride by pretreatment of the microsomes with phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3)
      stimulated the activity of the cholinephosphotransferase but not the
      ethanolaminephosphotranferase. Semliki Forest virus does not inhibit all
      microsomal enzymes, since the activities of NADH- K3Fe(CN)6 reductase and NADH
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3) were not affected. The ethanolaminephosphotransferase
      from virus- and mock-infected cells showed similar profiles of activity as a
      function of temperature; this result and other studies suggest that that
      membranous environment of the ethanolaminephosphotransferase was not
      significantly modified by the virus.

PMID- 171044
TI  - Chemodectoma of the larynx.
AB  - The ninettenth reported case of chemodectoma of the larynx is presented and its
      management discussed. Some reflections on the laryngeal paraganglia are made and
      the past literature is reviewed.

PMID- 171045
TI  - Chemodectomas of the head and neck.
AB  - Chemodectomas of the head and neck are reviewed. Their clinical picture, frequent
      multicentric origin, microscopie and macroscopic picture are discussed as well as
      their roentgenologic appearance. The role of angiography in their diagnosis is
      emphasized.

PMID- 171046
TI  - Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus carriers and antibody production in a
      population of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - A total of three hundred and fifty-seven 2-year-old rainbow trout from a hatchery
      were examined for IPN virus over a period of 5 months. The overall virus
      isolation rate was 23.2%. The kidneys yielded virus most frequently while the
      spleen and pancreas-caeca yielded virus less frequently, and the gonads and feces
      yielded virus infrequently. During this period there was a decline in carrier
      rate as well as a decline in the numbers of infectious virions in the organs.
      These decreases were accompanied by elevated levels of neutralizing antibody in
      the sera. Fish with higher antibody levels were found to lose their IPN carrier
      status more frequently than those with lower antibody levels.

PMID- 171047
TI  - Cytoplasmic inclusions in canine cells infected with infectious canine
      laryngotracheitis (ICL) adenovirus.
AB  - Spherical dark inclusions were observed in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of
      infectious canine laryngotracheitis (ICL) adenovirus infected MDCK (Madin-Darby
      Canine Kidney) cells. The distribution of these inclusions in the cells appeared
      to indicate that they were formed in both the cytoplasm and in the nucleus at
      about the same time and there did not appear to be movement of these inclusions
      between the cytoplasm and the nucleus during the early stages of infection.
      Morphological appearance, 3H-leucine autoradiography, and immunoferritin
      labelling showed that the cytoplasmic inclusions were similar in nature to the
      dark nuclear inclusions, and contained the adenovirus hexon antigen, but not the
      penton base and fiber antigens.

PMID- 171048
TI  - Multiple neoplasms in two siblings with a variant form of Fanconi's anemia.
AB  - Two siblings with a variant form of Fanconi's anemia developed multiple neoplasms
      after prolonged survival and treatment with androgens. One of the siblings
      developed two separate oral squamous cell carcinomata, and the other developed
      acute leukemia and hepatoma. Androgens may have had a carcinogenic role in the
      appearance of the hepatic neoplasm. There is an increased incidence of neoplasm
      associated with Fanconi's anemia. This may be related to frequent spontaneous
      chromosomal abberations and/or to increased cellular susceptibility to viral
      transformation.

PMID- 171049
TI  - Small cell epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. An oat-cell-like carcinoma.
AB  - A case of small cell anaplastic epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus is
      reported. The morphology of this rare esophageal neoplasm simulates that of oat
      cell carcinoma. Four similar cases have been previously reported. The finding of
      epidermoid differentiation in two of these tumors, including the present one,
      raises considerable doubt that any are truly oat cell carcinomas of the
      esophagus. Although it is theoretically possible that an oat cell carcinoma may
      arise in the esophagus, there is as yet no conclusive evidence for the existence
      of such an entity.

PMID- 171050
TI  - Hypercalcemia in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung. Coincident
      parathyroid adenoma in one case.
AB  - Hypercalcemia is very uncommon in small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung.
      Two cases of this neoplasm associated with symptomatic hypercalcemia are
      described. Despite normal skeletal roentgenograms, metastatic bone disease was
      demonstrated by abnormal bone scans and bone biopsies in both patients. The
      combination of conventional antihypercalcemia therapy, cytotoxic cancer
      chemotherapy, and synthetic salmon calcitonin corrected the hypercalcemia despite
      progression of the small cell carcinoma. One patient with elevated serum
      immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) had a parathyroid adenoma at autopsy.
      This association emphasizes that in cases of bronchogenic small cell carcinoma
      with hypercalcemia, conincidental primary hyperparathyroidism should be
      considered.

PMID- 171051
TI  - Extramammary Paget's disease of the external ear canal in association with
      ceruminous gland carcinoma. A case report.
AB  - A case of extramammary Paget's disease of the external ear canal in association
      with ceruminous gland carcinoma is presented. Extramammary Paget's disease is not
      uncommonly seen in regions where apocrine glands are prevalent, with or without
      underlying apocrine gland carcinoma. This is the first case, to our knowledge, of
      this association in the external ear canal.

PMID- 171052
TI  - Mucinous adenocarcinomas of nose and paranasal sinuses.
AB  - This study concerns the Clinicopathologic findings for 18 patients with mucinous
      adenocarcinomas of nose and/or paranasal sinuses. Males in the 5th decade of life
      predominated in the series. Nasal obstruction, a growing mass in a sinus, or
      epistaxis were the most frequent complaints. Ten patients had tumors in the
      maxillary antrum, and the nasal cavity was the site in 5 patients.
      Histopathologically, the tumors were moderately to well differentiated, with a
      few poorly differentiated types. Tumor with the solid pattern of growth were
      anaplastic; these patients had poorer prognoses. For most patients, treatment
      consisted of radical surgery alone or in combination with radiotherapy. Of 13
      patients for whom survival could be adequately evaluated, 7 died from the tumors,
      5 are alive and free of disease more than 4 years, and 1 is living with recurrent
      tumor 14 months after diagnosis.

PMID- 171053
TI  - Wilms' tumor--histologic variation and prognosis.
AB  - A histologic analysis of 75 consecutive cases of Wilms' tumor in the Manchester
      (England) hospital region has been carried out. A classification based on the
      tubular status is described. A comparison of the histologic findings with the
      clinical staging and survival was undertaken, and it was found that the
      histologic classification was significantly correlated with both stage and
      survival.

PMID- 171054
TI  - The value of isolation procedures for cytomegalovirus infections in children with
      leukemia.
AB  - Standard contagious isolation procedures were used for 83 patients with acute
      lymphocytic leukemia and serologic and/or cultural evidence of cytomegalovirus
      infection. The infection rate, as determined serologically, for 9 months before
      and 13 months during isolation procedures was not decreased. Since the techniques
      employed were not helpful in preventing infection with cytomegalovirus in the
      immunosuppressed host, they have been discontinued at this hospital.

PMID- 171055
TI  - Actinomycin D as the primary agent for gestational trophoblastic disease.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with nonmetastatic trophoblastic disease (NMTD) and 39
      patients with metastatic trophoblastic disease (MTD) of gestational origin were
      treated primarily with actinomycin D. Complete and sustained remission was
      achieved with actinomycin D alone in 94% of patients with NMTD and 67% with MTD.
      In the nonmetastatic group, 93% of patients without choriocarcinoma (non-CCA)
      achieved remission with actinomycin D, as compared to 100% (only 3 patients) with
      CCA. in the metastatic group, 76% of patients without CCA achieved remission with
      actinomycin D, as compared to 56% where CCA was present. Fourteen of the 15
      patients who failed to respond completely to actinomycin D alone subsequently
      responded to methotrexate (10 patients), triple therapy (3 patients),
      methotrexate plus triple therapy (1 patient), and methotrexate plus vinblastine
      (1 patient). One patient died with widespread metastases despite intensive
      chemotherapy with actinomycin D and triple therapy. No serious toxic side effects
      were encountered even in treated patients with pre-existing laboratory evidence
      of impaired hepatic function.

PMID- 171056
TI  - Combination chemotherapy in oat cell carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with oat cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with
      cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone with and without
      irradiation. Median survival was significantly increased in this treatment group
      (10 months) as compared to a retrospective radiation alone series (5 months).
      Intensive chemotherapy with this four-drug regimen represents an initial step in
      effective management of this disorder.

PMID- 171057
TI  - Preoperative irradiation of cancer of the lung: final report of a therapeutic
      trial. A collaborative study.
AB  - Between May, 1963 and December, 1966, 17 medical centers cooperated in two
      separate but integrated therapeutic trials of primary lung cancer. One study was
      of patients with lesions considered operable at the time of diagnosis, and the
      other of patients with initially inoperable cancer but who were considered
      potentially operable after radiotherapy. Patients operable at the time of
      diagnosis were randomly assigned to receive either immediate surgery (278
      patients) or preoperative radiotherapy followed by surgery (290 patients). All
      but one were followed until death or 5 years survival. Survival to each
      anniversary after randomization was almost identical for the two groups. At 5
      years the survival rate was 14% after preoperative radiotherapy and 16% after
      immediate surgery. On the basis of the small standard error of the difference
      between these survival rates, a large advantage or a large disadvantage for
      preoperative radiotherapy is unlikely. Recurrence of cancer either locally or as
      distant metastasis was also similar in the two groups. Postoperative mortality
      was estimated to be 11% in the immediate surgery group, but cannot be estimated
      in a comparable fashion for the irradiated group. Certain postoperative
      complications were more frequent in the irradiated group, but survival during the
      first was not affected. Out of 425 patients initially considered to be
      inoperable, 152 were considered resectable after radiotherapy. These patients
      were randomly assigned to have either a thoracotomy and resection of their cancer
      if possible (78 patients) or no surgery (74 patients). Survival to each
      anniversary after randomization was very similar. After 5 years the survival rate
      was 8% for the group assigned to surgery and 6% for the group assigned to no
      surgery. The difference has a standard error of 4%.

PMID- 171058
TI  - Fractionation of nuclei and analysis of nuclear proteins of rat liver and Morris
      hepatoma 7777.
AB  - The contributions of nuclear populations to the total profile of nuclear proteins
      in a tissue were examined in normal rat liver and Morris hepatoma 7777.
      Comparison by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of phenol
      soluble nuclear proteins from tumor and control liver revealed additional
      proteins of molecular weight 60,000, 100,00, and 135,000 and the loss of proteins
      of about 45,000 and 55,000 in the tumor. Subfractionation of liver nuclei on a 30
      to 50% sucrose gradient yielded three nuclear classes with nearly identical
      complements of the phenol-soluble proteins. Similar fractionation performed on
      the hepatoma nuclei also produced three nuclear populations. In the hepatoma
      nuclei, several differences in the phenol-soluble proteins were found between the
      minor, slowly sedimenting nuclear fraction, and the two major fractions, while
      the two latter fractions were very similar in their protein composition. Histones
      derived from both tissues were also compared electrophoretically, indicating a
      decrease in the concentration of histone H1(0)in all nuclear classes derived from
      the tumor.

PMID- 171059
TI  - Interaction of normal and tumor transfer RNA methyltransferases with ethionine
      induced methyl-deficient rat liver transfer RNA.
AB  - The tRNA methyltransferases from normal rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma have been
      compared with respect to their base specificity, capacity to methylate, and
      reaction kinetics, using mixed Escherichia coli B transfer RNA (tRNA) and
      ethionine-induced partially methyl-deficient rat liver tRNA. The pattern of base
      methylation of the two substrates is different with the use of enzymes from
      either source. In particular, N1-methylguanine methylation is much greater in the
      methyl-deficient rat liver tRNA. The enzymes from the two sources also show
      differences in specificity of base methylation in either substrate, particularly
      in the percentage of N2-methylguanine synthesized. The Novikoff hepatoma enzymes
      have a greater capacity for methylation with either type of tRNA than do rat
      liver enzymes. The methyl-deficient rat liver tRNA is a poorer substrate for the
      enzymes from both sources than is E. coli B tRNA in terms of rate of methylation
      as well as total acceptance of methyl groups. The affinity constants are somewhat
      higher for the methyl-deficient rat liver tRNA than for E. coli B tRNA. The
      Novikoff hepatoma enzymes, in general, have larger affinity constants than the
      rat liver enzymes. Maximal velocities for the various base-specific enzymes are
      lower with the methyl-deficient rat liver tRNA, with the exception of the 1
      methylguanine specific enzymes. These enzymes from either rat liver or Novikoff
      hepatoma exhibit approximately a 2.5-fold greater maximal velocity with methyl
      deficient rat liver tRNA.

PMID- 171060
TI  - The inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis and maturation in Novikoff hepatoma
      cells by 5-fluorouridine.
AB  - The inhibition of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation by 5-fluorouridine (FUrd) in
      Novikoff hepatoma cells appears to depend upon the incorporation of the analog
      into the 45 S rRNA precursor. Precursor synthesized in the presence of FUrd is
      not processed into mature rRNA, but precursor synthesized in the absence of the
      analog is processed normally after the addition of the drug. The effect of FUrd
      on rRNA maturation is concentration dependent. At a concentration of 1 X 10(-4)M,
      the analog completely inhibits the formation of mature 18 S and 28 S rRNA; while
      at a concentration of 1 X 10(-7)M, the analog has no significant effect on rRNA
      maturation. These results suggest that some minimum degree of analog substitution
      is necessary to inhibit the maturation process. In addition to its inhibition of
      maturation, FUrd also inhibits the transcription of 45 S rRNA precursor. However,
      this effect of the drug is less complete and more time dependent that the effect
      on maturation. The inhibition of rRNA maturation by FUrd persists after removal
      of the analog from the culture medium. Cells that had been exposed to FUrd for 2
      hr were unable to process 45 S rRNA precursor 20 hr after removal of the drug
      from the medium.

PMID- 171061
TI  - Virus-like particles in cystic mammary adenoma of a snow leopard.
AB  - Virus-like particles were observed in the giant cells of a mammary adenoma of a
      snow leopard kept in captivity. Particles that measured 115 to 125 nm in diameter
      budded from the lamella of endoplasmic reticulum and were studded on their inner
      surfaces with dense granules (approximately 12 nm) that gave them their unique
      ultrastructural morphology. Such particles were not observed extracellularly.
      Type B or type C particles were not seen in the tumor tissue.

PMID- 171062
TI  - Diminished binding of thyroid-stimulating hormone in a transplantable rat thyroid
      tumor as a possible cause of hormone unresponsiveness.
AB  - The adenylate cyclase activity and the binding of 125I-labeled thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) of normal and tumor rat thyroid plasma membranes were
      compared. No significant difference in the basal and fluoride-sensitive adenylate
      cyclase activity between normal and tumor plasma membranes was observed. Thyroid
      plasma membranes responded to TSH, whereas the enzyme from the tumor plasma
      membranes was TSH insensitive. Thyroid plasma membranes boud 125I-TSH. Tumor
      plasma membranes bound 125I-TSH poorly. At the highest concentration of unlabeled
      TSH used, 80% of the 125I-TSH that was bound to thyroid plasma membranes was
      displaced, whereas only 10% of the 125I-TSH bound to tumor plasma membranes was
      displaced. Therefore, it seems likely that the failure of this tumor to respond
      to TSH is due to an alteration in the functional unit of membrane adenylate
      cyclase at the level of the receptor subunit.

PMID- 171063
TI  - The tissue culture and morphology of human breast tumor cell line BOT-2.
AB  - A continuous human breast tumor cell line (BOT-2) was derived from an
      infiltrating duct carcinoma. The tumor cell line was grown as a monolayer in
      flasks, but the cells could be readily adapted to growth in roller cultures.
      These studies indicate that BOT-2 cells have a 16- to 18-hr doubling time and a
      modal chromosomal number of 63. The original BOT-2 cell culture has been in
      continuous cultivation for almost 2 years and has been passed 137 times. The BOT
      2 cell line has been differentiated from HeLa cells by isoenzyme studies and
      chromosomal analysis.

PMID- 171064
TI  - Some biochemical characteristics of rat liver and Morris hepatoma nuclei and
      nuclear membranes.
AB  - Nuclei prepared from host liver and from Morris hepatomas 7777 and 7800 have been
      compared with respect to some of their biochemical characteristics. Several
      criteria were used to ensure that liver and hepatoma nuclei were of equal purity.
      These criteria include equal specific activity ratios (homogenate nuclei) for
      several marker enzymes. Phospholipids, proteins, and sialic acid content were
      compared in liver and hepatoma sucrose nuclei and in membrane and chromatin
      fractions obtained from liver or hepatoma nuclei. As determined by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis, the only qualitative difference in
      protein that could detected was in 2 of the 4 nuclear fractions. There was an
      extra band in each of the 2 hepatoma fractions. Sialic acid was increased in
      hepatoma nuclei. In addition, a fraction containing most of the inner nuclear
      membrane from liver nuclei had no sialic acid, whereas the equivalent hepatoma
      fraction did have sialic acid. Total phospholipids were increased in hepatoma
      nuclei. This increased phospholipid concentration in hepatoma nuclei as compared
      to liver nuclei was apparent with sucrose nuclei, citric acid nuclei, membrane
      denuded nuclei, chromatin, and nuclear fractions. Determination of the
      percentages of individual phospholipids making up the total phospholipids
      extracted revealed that the only significant change in the phospholipid
      composition of hepatoma nuclei was an increase in sphingomyelin. A large amount
      of this sphingomyelin was found to be associated with chromatin. The possible
      significance of chromatin-associated phospholipids is discussed.

PMID- 171065
TI  - Adhesion of malignant and nonmalignant cells to cultured embryonic substrates.
AB  - To study adhesion, which is probably the initial step in malignant invasion, we
      associated tissue culture fragments with living substrates in vitro. Malignant
      HeLa, hepatoma, and PY cells, as well as nonmalignant BHK cells, were
      transplanted into cultured chick blastoderms and organ fragments from chick
      embryos. Adhesion was evaluated by time-lapse cinematography, by flushing with
      Tyrode's solution, and by histological examination after fixation. It was shown
      that the adhesion of these tissue culture fragments depends on the nature of the
      substrate. Substrates of connective tissue, mesenchyme, and the basal side of
      epithelia proved to be adhesive. In contrast, the apical side of intact epithelia
      was nonadhesive. Perforated epithelia allowed adhesion at the site of the
      perforation. In the presence of dilysine, HeLa cells adhere to the apical side of
      epithelia and to the dorsal side of the upper layer of the blastoderm. We
      concluded that the apical side of intact epithelia constitutes an inappropriate
      substrate for adhesion of a large variety of cells, in vitro as well as in vivo.
      Alteration of this characteristic in the presence of dilysine indicates that long
      range electrostatic repulsion might be responsible for the nonadhesive character
      of the epithelia.

PMID- 171066
TI  - Pathological review of breast lesions analyzed for estrogen receptor protein.
AB  - This report provides a detailed pathological review of 333 specimens analyzed for
      estrogen receptor protein (ERP) and correlates a series of morphological features
      with ERP results. Included were 147 primary breast carcinomas, 78 metastases, 27
      fibroadenomas, and 81 nonneoplastic tissues, all from women. ERP in cytosols was
      assayed by incubation with [3H]estradiol in the presence and absence of "cold"
      estradiol followed by dextran-charcoal treatment. Results were summarized as
      positive (greater 60% inhibition by nontritiated estradiol, greater than 10
      fmoles/mg protein), negative (less than 60% inhibition by nontritiated estradiol,
      less than 10 fmoles/mg protein), or intermediate borderline combinations. ERP in
      primary tumors ranged from 0.2 to 358 fmoles/mg protein (54.4% positive, 35.4%
      negative, 10.2% borderline). New findings are: (a) a high frequency of positive
      ERP in invasive lobular carcinoma (12 of 13, 92.3%) compared to typical ductal
      tumors (64 of 117, 54.7%); and (b) low frequency of positive ERP(5 of 21, 23.8%)
      in tumors with a prominent local lymphocyte reaction. Three ERP-positive
      noncarcinomatous specimens were fibroadenomas of high epithelial cellularity from
      patients under 30 years. No statistically significant relationship existed
      between ERP and any other morphological features that were examined.

PMID- 171067
TI  - Report of a workshop on classification of specific hepatocellular lesions in
      rats.

PMID- 171068
TI  - Therapeutic approaches to hepatoma.

PMID- 171069
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction in a young female with familial
      hyperbetalipoproteinemia.
AB  - A young woman, 21 years of age, suffered an acute transmural inferior wall
      myocardial infarction. EKG changes and serum enzymes accompanied a typical
      history. Coronary angiography perfomed 2 months after the acute episode showed
      complete occlusion of the right coronary artery and some mild disease of the
      circumflex and left anterior descending branches. Family history of type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia was present and she was known to have cholesterol since she
      was 12 years of age.

PMID- 171070
TI  - The phosphorylation of nuclear proteins in the regenerating and premalignant rat
      liver and its significance for cell proliferation.
AB  - In liver regeneration or neoplastic transformation, phosphorylation of nuclear
      proteins is stimulated. In the regenerating liver all main histone fractions are
      involved in this process. The type of histone phosphorylated seems to be
      dependent on the position of the partially synchronized cells within the
      generation cycle. At a time when most cells are exhibiting maximum HnRNA
      synthesis, histone F2a2 belongs to those fractions with highly stimulated
      phosphate incorporation. Phosphorylation of this fraction alone is stimulated by
      cyclic AMP in parallel to a stimulation of HnRNA-synthesis. The preneoplastic
      liver is characterized by oscillating phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
      reactions of nearly all histone fractions during the first days of N-nitroso
      diethylamine administration. After 2 months of carcinogen feeding a 50-150%
      stimulation of the phosphorylation of Fl subfractions is observed. The phosphate
      content of the other histones, however, has returned to the original level. A
      series of further proteins, isolated together with the histones, show very
      similar phosphorylation characteristics. These proteins are mostly of non-histone
      origin. It is suggested that some of them are responsible for the transport of
      RNA with messenger properties within the cell.

PMID- 171071
TI  - Nuclear secretory particles associated with the calyx cells of the ichneumonid
      parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron).
AB  - The present study is an ultrastructural investigation of the calyx region of the
      ichneumonid endoparasitoid Campoletis sonorensis. It appears that synthesis of
      electron-dense secretory particles occurs within nuclei of calyx cells. The
      particles consist of an ovocylindrical electron-dense inner core and a
      surrounding unit membrane. After their formation the particles pass from the
      nucleus by budding through both membranes of the nuclear envelope. The particles,
      along with fully developed parasitoid eggs concentrate within the lateral oviduct
      lumen. Feulgen histochemical studies suggest the presence of DNA within the
      calyxfluid. The possible function of the particles is discussed.

PMID- 171073
TI  - Fine structure of the subradular organ of Lepidochitona cinereus (L), (Mollusca,
      Polyplacophora).
AB  - Electron microscopy of the subradular organ of the chiton Lepidochitona cinereus
      (L) reveals at least three cell types, microvillous, ciliated and mucus
      secreting, situated in a single epithelium. The base of the epithelium is
      abundantly innervated and supplied with muscle cells. The fine structure is
      consistent with a chemosensory function for the subradular organ.

PMID- 171072
TI  - Amphibian sympathetic ganglia in tissue culture.
AB  - 1. A culture medium has been developed for amphibian sympathetic nervous tissue
      but it is suggested that the ionic values should be adjusted to correspond to the
      concentrations of salts in the plasma of particular species. 2. The morphology,
      monoamine fluorescence, growth and differentiation of sympathetic ganglia of the
      frog, Limnodynastes dumerili, have been studied in culture. 3. Two types of
      neuron could be distinguished largely according to size, namely small, 18 X 20
      mum and large, 38 X 42 mum. The possibility that these represent one type at
      different stages in development or represent functionally distinct neurons is
      discussed. 4. The sympathetic neurons are extremely sensitive to nerve growth
      factor (NGF) which caused an increase in the size of the cell bodies, the number
      of nerve fibres regenerating, the rate of axonal growth and synthesis of
      catecholamines. 5. Various other cell types appearing in the cultures have been
      described, including chromaffin, satellite, Schwann, multipolar and epithelial
      cells as well as fibroblasts, melanocytes and macrophages. The epithelial cells
      show slow contractions and changes in shape.

PMID- 171074
TI  - Synaptic morphology of the carotid body of the domestic fowl.
AB  - Efferent and reciprocal synapses have been demonstrated in the carotid body of
      the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus). Synapses were also found with
      purely afferent morphology, but were probably components of reciprocal synapses.
      The general morphology of the endings suggested the presence of two types of
      axon, afferent axons making reciprocal and perhaps afferent synapses with Type I
      cells, and efferent axons making efferent synapses with Type I cells. A few axo
      dendritic synapses were also found. The dense-cored vesicles associated with the
      afferent components of reciprocal synapses and with the possible true afferent
      synapses varied in diameter and core but could belong to one population of pre
      synaptic vesicles. These observations are consistent wtih a new theory for the
      carotid body receptor mechanism. This proposes a spontaneously discharging
      afferent axon inhibited by an inhibitory transmitter substance released by the
      Type I cell via the "afferent" component of its reciprocal synapse, the
      "efferent" component inhibiting this release. Besides this chemoreceptor
      modulation of its afferent axon, the Type I cell may also have a general
      secretory function.

PMID- 171075
TI  - The ultrastructure, catecholamine, and prolactin contents of the rostral pars
      distalis of the fish Mugil platanus after reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine
      administration.
AB  - The rostral pars distalis (RPD) of the teleost Mugil plantanus from animals
      pretreated with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HODA) were assayed for dopamine
      (DA) or noradrenaline (NA) or for prolactin hormone. Such determinations were
      coupled with electron microscopy. It was found that reserpine and 6-HODA produced
      a significant decrease in the content of DA, NA, and prolactin. Electron
      microscope studies revealed that prolactin cells became activated as judged by
      ultrastructural criteria. After 6-HODA treatment type "B" neurosecretory fibers
      entering the RPD became selectively destroyed. These observations lead us to
      suggest that prolactin secretion is under inhibitory control by type "B"
      neurosecretory fibers of adrenergic nature.

PMID- 171076
TI  - Nerve-ending specializations in the central ganglia of Planorbis corneus.
AB  - The neuropile in the central ganglia of Planorbis corneus was studied by electron
      microscopy, using different fixatives. Several types of specialization were
      observed in the membranes of adjacent axonal processes, varying from only slight
      membrane thickenings to structures resembling desmosomes. Specialized structures
      similar to the 'spinule complexes' in mammalian brain are widely distributed in
      certain areas of neuropile. They consist of a small projection which invaginates
      a neighbouring neurone; the membranes are closely apposed and there is associated
      electron-dense material. The problem of identifying chemical synapses in this
      tissue is discussed. Many axonal processes are varicose, and it is suggested that
      varicosities may also be sites of transmitter release.

PMID- 171077
TI  - Ultrastructural and pharmacological studies on the afferent synapse of lateral
      line sensory cells of the African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Lateral-line sensory cells of Xenopus show considerable similarity to central
      nervous system synapses in their responses to the zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide,
      and bismuth-iodide cytochemical staining techniques. Both reserpine and FLA-63
      cause a reduction in the diameter and electron density of the synaptic bars, and
      a dramatic loss of synaptic vesicles surrounding the bars. Aminooxy acetic acid
      and 3-mercaptopropionic acid cause no significant changes in the sensory-cell
      afferent synaptic apparatus. The results are discussed in the light of the known
      effects of the drugs. It is concluded that a monoamine rather than an amino acid
      may act as the afferent transmitter.

PMID- 171078
TI  - Ganglion cells and paraganglionic cells in the developing superior cervical
      ganglion of normal and p-chlorophenylalanine treated rats.
AB  - Ganglion cells and paraganglionic (PG) cells in the developing rat superior
      cervical ganglion were studied following postnatal treatment with p
      chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) for 5 to 8 days. Litter mates, injected with saline
      solution, served as controls. Ganglion cells of control animals were
      differentiated ultrastructurally according to L. Eranko (1972a) into late
      sympathicoblasts and young sympathetic nerve cells. In both maturation stages
      treatment with pCPA caused marked swelling of mitochondria, concomitant with
      minor changes of other cell organelles. Parallel to the ultrastructural
      alterations, fluorescence microscopy and cytophotometry revealed a slight
      diminution of diffuse fluorescence intensity in sympathetic neurons as the
      expression of a mainly extragranular amine depletion. In distinction from
      ganglion blocking agents the alterations are regarded as a general toxic effect
      of pCPA upon maturing sympathetic neurons, which secondarily influences
      catecholamine storage sites. Following treatment with pCPA, in PG-cells an
      alteration of mitochondria was scarcely to recognize. Specific granules were
      distinctly decreased in number, in some cases to an almost complete degree.
      Concordant to ultrastructural observations a marked diminution of fluorescence
      intensity was demonstrable in SIF-cells. In addition in these elements the
      fluorescence spectrum shifted towards the green field. Fluorescence
      cytophotometric evaluations confirmed the optical impression. Provided, that PG
      cells, demonstrated with electron microscopy, are identical with SIF-cells in
      fluorescence microscopy, the results are discussed on the basis of a specific
      decrease of primary catecholamines due to an enzyme inhibition involved in
      catecholamine synthesis.

PMID- 171079
TI  - Evidence for the existence of two types of cAMP binding sites in aggregating
      cells of Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Inhibition by dithiothreitol of the cell-bound phosphodiesterase has allowed the
      measurement of cAMP binding to aggregation-competent Dictyostelium discoidium
      amebae. Two classes of binding sites were demonstrated: Type 1, of low affinity
      (Kd approximately 160 nM) and high capacity (Ro approximately 1 X 10(5) sites per
      cell); and Type 2, of high affinity (Kd approximately 9 nM) but low capacity (Ro
      approximately 1.5 X 10(4) sites per cell). Both sites are developmentally
      regulated and are expressed during aggregation. The specificities of both sites
      are consistent with the specificity observed in vivo for the chemotactic
      response.

PMID- 171080
TI  - Effect of proteases on activation of resting chick embryo fibroblasts and on cell
      surface proteins.
AB  - The relationship between activation of resting chick embryo fibroblasts by
      proteases and proteolytic alteration of the cell surface has been investigated.
      Five different proteases were examined: trypsin, collagenase, plasmin, alpha
      chymotrypsin, and thrombin. All of these proteases, when added to the culture
      medium at concentrations of 0.08-2.2 mug/ml, stimulated deoxyglucose uptake and
      induced cell division. The absolute levels of stimulation depended on the
      specific protease. Activation ranged from a doubling in cell number in 24 hr for
      trypsin and thrombin down to a 47% increase in cell number for alpha
      chymotrypsin. Except in the case of thrombin, the stimulatory effects of these
      proteases correlated with breakdown of Z, a protein which is the major chick
      surface protein as revealed by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination and which
      disappears upon transformation. In the case of thrombin, stimulatory
      concentrations brought about no detectable loss of surface components. Thus loss
      of Z is not a necessary condition for activation of chick fibroblasts; it may be
      a sufficient condition for activation of part of the cell population.

PMID- 171081
TI  - Synthesis, surface deposition, and secretion of immunoglobulins by Abelson virus
      transformed lymphosarcoma cell lines.
AB  - Three Abelson virus-transformed lymphoma cell lines were established in tissue
      culture and the immunoglobulin biosynthesis by these cell lines was studied. Two
      of the cell lines (ABLS-1 and ABLS-5) were found to synthesize monomeric IgM
      molecules which were deposited in the cell membrane, probably to serve as an
      antigen receptor. The third cell line (ABLS-8) was found to synthesize membrane
      associated IgM as well as cellular IgG molecules. In addition, these cell lines
      were found to synthesize a protein of 35,000 molecular weight which is also
      membrane-associated and which has the capability to bind the immunoglobulin
      (MAID). It is speculated that this protein might play a role in adapting the
      receptor immunoglobulin molecule to the hydrophobic environment of the cell
      membrane. The kinetics of amino acid incorporation into immunoglobulins by these
      cell lines show that they produce immunoglobulins at a rate which is two orders
      of magnitude smaller than plasmacytoma cells (MOPC 104E). These results suggest
      that Abelson virus transforms thymus-independent lymphocytes in various stages of
      maturation and these lymphocytes might be of B cell origin. The T lymphoma
      (P1798) used as a control cell line was found occasionally to produce minute
      amounts of immunoglobulin.

PMID- 171082
TI  - Therapy of cytomegalovirus retinitis with transfer factor.

PMID- 171083
TI  - [Development of the endocrine gland function and its modification through
      external interventions].

PMID- 171084
TI  - Studies on steroid conjugates. XIV. Participation of glucuronidation in selective
      O-methylation of catechol estrogen in the rat.

PMID- 171086
TI  - Synthesis of peptides related to corticotropin (ACTH). VIII. Synthesis of alpha1
      24-ACTH.

PMID- 171085
TI  - Antispasmodic action of 1-diethylaminoethyl-3-(p-methoxybenzyl)-2-quinoxalone (P
      201-1) and its inhibitory effect on cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase
      (PDE) activity.

PMID- 171087
TI  - Synthesis of peptides related to corticotropin (ACTH). IX. Application of N
      hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide active ester procedure to the synthesis of
      human adrenocorticotropic hormone (alphah-ACTH).

PMID- 171088
TI  - Studies on peptides. LII. Application of the trifluoromethanesulphonic acid
      procedure to the synthesis of a peptide with somatostatin activity.

PMID- 171089
TI  - Nucleotides. III. Syntheses of deazaadenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphates and related
      nucleotides of biological interest.

PMID- 171091
TI  - A convenient synthesis of toxoflavins, toxoflavin 4-oxides and 1
      demethyltoxoflavins.

PMID- 171090
TI  - Effect of phospholipid on the release of beta-lipoprotein in orotic acid-induced
      fatty liver.

PMID- 171092
TI  - Studies on viomycin. VIII. Selective modifications of the terminal amino groups
      of viomycin.

PMID- 171093
TI  - The activation of phospholipase C from Clostridium Welchii by quinine: an
      absolute requirement for calcium ions.
AB  - Quinine activates the hydrolysis of phosphatidyl choline suspensions by
      phospholipase C (E.C. 3.1.4.3) obtained from Clostridium welchii. Low levels of
      calcium are an absolute requirement for this activation: Mg2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, and
      Zn2+ are ineffective. The induction period, or lag phase for this enzyme is
      dependent upon both calcium concentration and substrate interfacial surface area.
      At low concentrations (less then 50 muM) calcium ions affect the induction period
      but not the maximal rate of hydrolysis, whereas guinine predominantly affects the
      rate of hydrolysis by alterations in the surface charge carried by the substrate.

PMID- 171094
TI  - Phosphorus-31 studies on lecithin in ethanol solutions.
AB  - 31P relaxation times of lecithin in ethanol solutions have been measured in
      dependence on temperature and water concentration. Trial calculations have been
      carried out on the assumption of a 2-site exchange model. The results suggest
      first, the relaxation behaviour is determined by various motional and exchange
      processes; second, at 29 MHz the dipole-dipole interaction between 31P and
      protons provides the dominant contribution; third, in general we are not
      concerned with the case of "extreme narrowing". Morover, there are no negligible
      intermolecular contributions to relaxation.

PMID- 171095
TI  - [Comparative study on the ultrastructure of the primary mammary bud of male and
      female embryos at the stage of sexual differentiation].
AB  - The observation of embryonic mammary glands in male and female mice under the
      electron microscope has shown on one hand that the cellular ultrastructure of the
      buds is characterized by embryonic tissue only slightly differentiated, and on
      the other that, under the influence of testicular hormone, the detachment of the
      anlage from the epidermis in fourteen-day old embryos results in an important
      modification in the relationship between the ectoderm and the mesenchyme at the
      level of the neck of the gland rudiment. The basal membrane is destroyed and
      numerous centers of necrosis can be seen starting from the dense bodies in the
      ectodermic cells of the ruptured zone.

PMID- 171096
TI  - [Lipid overload induced in myocardial cells by vegetable oils. Observation using
      electron microscopy].
AB  - Comparative studies were made to estimate the lipid overloading of myocardiac
      cells in rats fed by groups, for 3 and 6 days, one of the following dietary oils:
      peanut oil, maize oil, sunflower oi, soyabean oil, rapeseed-primor oil, rapeseed
      canbra oil and rapeseed oil.

PMID- 171097
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the rat neurohypophysis following electric stimulation of the
      supraoptic nuclei].
AB  - By means of electrical stimulation of the supraoptic nuclei, in a stereotaxic
      apparatus, partial or complete degranulation of the neurohypophysis is obtained,
      with often a continued presence of large vesicles; the number of microvesicles is
      always increased.

PMID- 171098
TI  - [A strain of amaril virus isolated from Aedes africanus in the Ivory Coast].
AB  - The yellow fever virus has been isolated from a pool of Aedes africanus caught on
      men in a region situated between forest and savannah near Touba, in the Ivory
      Coast. This isolation, occurring at an interepidemic period, proves for the first
      time in West Africa, the part played by this mosquito in the transmission of the
      yellow fever virus.

PMID- 171099
TI  - Simplified Scatchard-plot assay for estrogen receptor in human breast tumor.
AB  - In this two-point Scatchard-plot assay, with which a test of competitive
      inhibition is combined, the sample is mechanically homogenized in a buffer
      containing dithiothreitol, ultracentrifuged to obtain a fat-free cytosol, the
      protein content of which is then adjusted, and free and bound labeled estradiol
      are separated with dextran-coated charcoal after overnight incubation. We tested
      the method for precision and reliability by assaying such cytosols from pregnant
      rabbit uteri before and after dilution with kidney cytosol, and by assaying
      several other target and nontarget animal and human tissues. The Scatchard plot
      data were more reliable than tests for percent inhibition of binding by a
      competitor (diethylstilbestrol). For a tumor tissue to be judged positive it must
      bind at least 8 fmol of estradiol per milligram of protein and have a Kd of 0.1
      to 5 X 10(-10) mol/liter. Some non-target tissues showed less than 70% inhibition
      by 10(4)-fold concentrations (over labeled estradiol) of inhibitor. Of 19 breast
      tumor specimens, seven were found to be positive.

PMID- 171100
TI  - Abnormal electrophoretic mobility of a creatine kinase MM isoenzyme.

PMID- 171101
TI  - Quantitation of estrogen receptors in human breast cancer by agar gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Samples from human primary and metastatic mammary carcinomas were examined for
      the presence of specific estrogen-binding proteins. Cytosols were incubated with
      [3H]estradiol-17beta with and without an excess of unlabelled estradiol or
      estrogen antagonist. After incubation, the mixtures were treated with dextran
      charcoal to remove non-specifically bound steroid. Low-temperature agar gel
      electrophoresis was used to separate receptor- and non-receptor-bound steroid.
      Statistically significant differences were found between the tissue protein
      contents of primary mammary carcinomas and skin metastases. Estrogen receptor and
      tissue protein contents of the tumors seem to be related to the age of the
      patients. Objective remissions with endocrine therapy were obtained in patients
      with carcinomas which possessed a substantial concentration of estrogen
      receptors.

PMID- 171102
TI  - Application of a simple urinary 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroid assay to the study of
      adrenocortical function in a selected group of hirsute women.
AB  - Using a relatively simple 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroid assay a group of hirsute
      patients have been studied before and following the administration of ACTH. These
      patients were selected on the basis that each showed an exaggerated response of
      urinary testosterone excretion to ACTH stimulation. Fifteen of eighteen patients
      were found to show an exaggerated urinary 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroid response to ACTH
      stimulation in addition to the excessive urinary testosterone response,
      suggesting that dysfunction of the adrenal cortex might be a factor contributing
      to the hirsutism of these fifteen patients.

PMID- 171103
TI  - Carbohydrate content of human VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL plasma apoproteins from
      fasting normal and hyperlipemic patients.

PMID- 171105
TI  - A modified method for preparative ultracentrifugation of plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 171104
TI  - A simple method for the determination of oestrogen receptor concentrations in
      breast tumours and other tissues.
AB  - A simple method for the determination of oestrogen receptor activity in breast
      tumours and other tissues is described. By competition between radioactive and
      non-radioactive oestradiol-17beta for binding to a tissue extract prepared with
      centrifugation at low speed, the presence or absence of receptors is decided from
      the unmanipulated data. The concentration of receptors (P0) and dissociation
      constant of binding (Kd) are calculated by Scatchard analysis. In two relatively
      homogeneous tissues, assay precision was of the order of 16% for receptor
      concentration and 21-33% for the dissociation constant of binding: in
      heterogeneous breast tumors, much poorer precision can be expected. Sensitivity
      determined empirically is approximately 0.1 fmol/mg tissue. The method has been
      applied to the determination of receptor concentrations in human breast cancers,
      benign breast tumours, non-malignant breast, gynaecomastic breast, and in various
      tissues of the rat. Receptor activity was detected in 70% of the human breast
      cancers examined, and in lower amounts, in 21% of the benign human breast
      tissues. Activity was also detected in rat uterus and mammary gland, and in low
      amounts in 82% of the rat mammary tumours analysed. Dissociation constant of
      binding was generally of the order of 0.5 x 10(-10) M. The advantages of the
      method are discussed.

PMID- 171106
TI  - Interference of yeast extract on the Zimmerman reaction.

PMID- 171107
TI  - [Action mechanism of HCG and its subunits].

PMID- 171108
TI  - Rectal polyps and their relationship to cancer.

PMID- 171109
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein abnormalities in a case of primary high-density lipoprotein
      (HDL) deficiency.
AB  - A 53-year-old patient with primary HDL-deficiency is reported. About 2% of the
      normal concentration of alpha1 HDL was present in his plasma. The alpha1-high
      density-lipoproteins separated into two fast-moving components in polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. The Apo HDL contained both the main apolipoproteins, Apo A-I
      and Apo A-II, but in disproportionally reduced amounts, the concentration of Apo
      A-I being reduced about 360-fold, and that of Apo A-II about 14-fold.
      Concomitantly, the amount of the Apo C polypeptides in the HDL-fractions was
      decreased to about 5.5% and the activity of the enzyme lecithin cholesterol
      acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.4.3) in plasma was found to be only 40% of normal.
      Apoprotein D was present in the LDL in association with Apo B, forming an
      abnormal, fast-moving LDL-complex. Apo A-I and Apo A-II were both of normal size
      as determined by SDS-PAGE, and reduction with thiols resulted in the shift of the
      M.W. of Apo A-II from 17,000 daltons to about 8,500 daltons. Both proteins were
      found in the same position as their normal counterparts in analytical isoelectric
      focusing. The most likely explanation for the multiple lipoprotein abnormalities
      seems to be that a defect in the regulation or structure of Apo A-I is the basis
      of the HDL-deficeincy.

PMID- 171110
TI  - Complement-induced mixed aggregation of T and B lymphocytes and myeloid cells and
      the effect of adjuvant.
AB  - Complement induces mixed aggregation of murine spleen cells bearing C3 receptors.
      In the present studies, we show with immunofluorescent techniques that these
      aggregates are formed by T and B lymphocytes and myeloid cells, B cells
      constituting the predominant component in normal mice. There are striking changes
      in the quantity and quality of the clumps after in vitro treatment with adjuvant,
      mostly due to an increase in macrophages and possibly in T cells. The possible
      meaning of these phenomena in T-cell-B-cell co-operation and in the mode of
      action of adjuvants is discussed.

PMID- 171111
TI  - Thymus transplantation. Reconstitution of cellular immunity in a four-year-old
      patient with T-cell deficiency.
AB  - The case is reported of a 4-year-old girl affected with recurrent infections;
      anaemia, thrombocytopenia, haemorrhages and hepatosplenomegaly. Immunological
      investigations revealed a defect in cellular immunity related to the thymus
      dependent system, hypergammaglobulinaemia (especially of class IgE), and very
      high titres of antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). After foetal thymus
      transplantation, correction of the immunological defect and significant clinical
      improvement were noted, as well as a decrease of IgE and EBV antibody titres.

PMID- 171112
TI  - The role of adrenocortical hormones in ACTH-induced hypertension.

PMID- 171113
TI  - Modulation of adrenergic transmission by acetylcholine.

PMID- 171114
TI  - Current concepts in the management of primary liver-cell carcinoma.

PMID- 171116
TI  - [Acute neuroaxonal dystrophy induced by 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile, with special
      reference to ultrastructural changes of the neuromuscular junction].

PMID- 171115
TI  - Hypoparathyroidism following pharyngolaryngo-oesophagectomy.

PMID- 171117
TI  - Dermatoglyphics of congenital abnormalities without chromosomal aberrations. A
      review of the clinical applications.
AB  - This review outlines the dermatoglyphics of congenital abnormalities without
      chromosomal aberrations. When combined with other clinical features of a
      particular disease, dermatoglyphics can serve to strengthen a diagnostic
      impression and may be useful as a screening device to select individuals for
      additional diagnostic studies.

PMID- 171118
TI  - Apert's syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly). A description and a report on seven
      cases.

PMID- 171119
TI  - Adrenal insufficiency during the neonatal period.

PMID- 171121
TI  - Perinatal cholesterol metabolism.

PMID- 171120
TI  - The neonatal narcotic withdrawal syndrome: a therapeutic challenge.

PMID- 171122
TI  - Squid muscle pyruvate kinase: control properties in a tissue with an active alpha
      GP cycle.

PMID- 171123
TI  - A spermatozoa-specific isoenzyme of arginine kinase in sabellid worms.
      Biochemical and immunological comparison with muscle enzyme.

PMID- 171125
TI  - Techniques of dehospitalization.

PMID- 171124
TI  - Management of the child with cancer.

PMID- 171128
TI  - [Release of medical records to after-care physicians and patients].

PMID- 171127
TI  - Nonbacterial respiratory infections.

PMID- 171126
TI  - Japanese experience on health and industrial growth.

PMID- 171129
TI  - [New perspectives for an adjuvant chemotherapy in solid tumors].

PMID- 171130
TI  - [Discovery of the foot-and-mouth disease virus].

PMID- 171131
TI  - [Raised cAMP content of striated muscle in experimental chronic renal failure
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 3', 5'-Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were determined in skeletal and
      heart muscle tissue of rats in chronic renal failure. Compared to normal animals
      no alteration in cAMP concentration was observed in heart muscle, whereas the
      cAMP levels in skeletal muscle were increased by 34%. This cAMP rise may be
      caused by the elevated plasma catecholamines, glucagon or parathyroid hormone
      levels in uraemia. The results suggest that the increased cAMP levels in skeletal
      muscle of rats in chronic renal failure contribute to the raised cAMP levels in
      the plasma.

PMID- 171133
TI  - Hepatitis B antigen in acute viral hepatitis and primary liver cancer in
      Tanzania.

PMID- 171132
TI  - [Plasma-aldosterone and renin activity in Bartter's syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - The temporal changes of aldosterone concentration and renin activity in plasma
      under the influence of stimulating and inhibiting factors were tested in two
      patients with Bartter's syndrome. There was a normal response to potassium and
      sodium administration, spironolactone, angiotensin II, ACTH and dexamethasone.
      Changes in plasma-aldosterone concentration, as measured at frequent intervals
      during angiotensin II infusion, suggest differential regulation of aldosterone
      synthesis by angiotensin II. In one patient the symptoms improved with
      administration of glucocorticoid derivatives.

PMID- 171134
TI  - Nuclear binding capacity appears to limit the hepatic response to L
      triiodothyronine (T3).
AB  - In vivo saturation studies of thyroidectomized, propyl thiouracil, and L
      triiodothyronine treated animals indicate that the hepatic nuclear binding
      capacity is not significantly influenced by the thyroidal status of the tissues.
      The constancy of the nuclear binding capacity for L-triiodothyronine facilitated
      an analysis of the relationship between nuclear occupancy and hepatic response to
      an intravenous injection of a triiodothyronine pulse. The activity of the
      mitochondrial enzyme alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was used as an index of
      tissue response to the administered triiodothyronine. Results were compatible
      with the following model. Saturation of nuclear sites is rapidly followed by a
      maximal rate of enzyme synthesis. When the sites are saturated, the activity of
      alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase appeared to be independent of the dose
      administered. Higher doses of triiodothyronine achieve greater effects simply by
      occupying nuclear sites for a longer period. The apparent ability of nuclear
      sites to constrain tissue response to hormone administration provides additional
      supporting data for the physiological relevance of these sites in the initiation
      of hormonal action.

PMID- 171135
TI  - Androgen nuclear exchange activity in rat testis.
AB  - Androgen nuclear exchange activity has been measured in the rat testis. Exchange
      activity was increased 2-10-fold by pretreatment of the tissue with testosterone
      and persisted for at least 21 days after hypophysectomy in mature animals.
      Competition for exchange activity using 3H-testosterone or 3H-dihydrotestosterone
      was significant for a 500-fold excess of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone,
      progesterone, and cyproterone acetate. The activity was found in tubules and in
      isolated germ cells from mature rat testes. These results suggest that the
      molecular mechanism of androgen action in the testis may be quite complex and may
      involve components both in the more mature germ cells as well.

PMID- 171136
TI  - Prolactin binding activity on the crop sacs of juvenile, mature, parent and
      prolactin-injected pigeons.
AB  - Specific prolactin (PRL) binding activity of lactoperoxidase catalyzed 125I
      labeled ovine-PRL was determined in a membrane-rich particulate fraction of
      pigeon crop sacs. Levels of TSH, LH or FSH as high as 1000 ng each were unable to
      displace the 125I-o-PRL bound to 600 mug of crop sac microsomal protein, whereas
      competitive displacement was achieved with as little as 0.5 ng unlabeled PRL.
      Ovine GH exhibited some cross reactivity when incubated in amounts greater than
      500 ng, but this could be accounted for by its stated PRL contamination. Specific
      PRL binding activities were determined in juvenile and mature pigeons with
      unstimulated crop sacs, and parent pigeons with 'crop milk' and mature birds
      injected with PRL for 4 days. Crop sacs from juvenile birds contained
      approximately twice as much binding activity as crop sacs from mature pigeons.
      Parent and PRL injected pigeons, each with proliferated crop sac epithelium,
      exhibited 4-5 times as much specific PRL binding as the non-proliferated crops
      from juvenile or mature birds. These results show that the pigeon crop sac
      contains specific binding sites for PRL, and that the crop sac response to PRL is
      associated with an increase in PRL binding activity.

PMID- 171138
TI  - Hormone receptors, 5. Binding of glucagon and insulin to human circulating
      mononuclear cells in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Preparations of human peripheral mononuclear leukocytes, containing over 85%
      lymphocytes, specifically bound glucagon and insulin. Binding of physiological
      concentrations of both hormones was seen to be substantially diminished when
      cells were derived from either adult-type diabetics or individuals with a
      unilateral genetic history of diabetes.

PMID- 171137
TI  - Cyclic AMP in the rat ovary: effect of endogenous LH secretion.
AB  - Cyclic AMP levels increased in ovaries from normal cycling rats on the afternoon
      of proestrus at the same time as the plasma LH peak occurred. Plasma progesterone
      was also elevated at this time. These results complement the extensive in vitro
      data indicating that cyclic AMP mediates the action of LH on the ovary.

PMID- 171139
TI  - Some structural requirements for LH-RH actions.
AB  - LH-RH and analogues of LH-RH, [2-4] LH-RH, [Lys8] LH-RH, [Ala4] LH-RH and [3-10]
      LH-RH were tested in vitro for their ability to stimulate LH and FSH release,
      respectively. Furthermore, the influence of these peptides on binding of LH-RH to
      the anterior pituitary plasma membrane fractions of female rats was studied to
      obtain some information on the structural requirements for LH-RH actions.
      Significant increase of LH release above the control level was recorded for LH
      RH, [Lys8] LH-RH and [Ala4] LH-RH. LH release in the presence of the tripeptide
      [2-4] LH-RH and the octapeptide [3-10] LH-RH was statistically indistinguishable
      from that of basal levels. Significant stimulation of FSH release was noted only
      in the presence of LH-RH and [Lys8] LH-RH. Changes in the binding characteristics
      of LH-RH to the pituitary plasma membrane in the presence of the LH-RH analogues
      suggest a proportionality between releasing ability and receptor affinity. Glu
      and His residues of the LH molecule were found to be critical for binding to the
      receptor. Residual binding ability of TRH to LH-RH receptor is consistent with
      current molecular models of LH-RH and TRH, respectively. Furthermore, the data
      presented suggest that the amino acid in position 8 of the LH-RH molecule is of
      importance for the three dimensional structure of LH-RH.

PMID- 171141
TI  - 3,3',5'-Triiodothyronine (reverse T3) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) in fetal
      and adult sheep: studies of metabolic clearance rates, production rates, serum
      binding, and thyroidal content relative to thyroxine.
AB  - To examine the mechanism(s) responsible for high serum concentration of 3,3',5'
      triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) and low serum concentration of 3,3',5
      triiodothyronine (T3) in the fetus, we studied metabolic clearance rates (MCR)
      and production rates (PR) of rT3, T3, and thyroxine (T4) in adult nonpregnant
      sheep and sheep fetuses in utero. The mean fetal MCR-rT3 was significantly lower
      than that in adult sheep, and the mean fetal PR-rT3 significantly higher. The
      mean fetal MCR-T3 was higher than, and the mean fetal PR-T3 similar to that in
      adult sheep. The mean fetal MCR-T4 and PR-T4 were both significantly higher than
      the corresponding values in adult sheep. The ratios of mean PR-rT3 to PR-T4
      (rT3/T4) were similar in fetal and adult sheep. However, the ratio of mean PR-T3
      to PR-T4 (T3/T4) in the fetal sheep was much lower than that in the adult sheep.
      The low fetal MCR-rT3 was not attributable to high serum binding of rT3. On the
      basis of the thyroidal content and kinetics of iodothyronines, it was estimated
      that whereas thyroidal secretion may account for nearly all of serum T3 (or PR
      T3) in the fetus and about 50% of serum T3 in adults, it accounts for only about
      3% of the serum rT3 (or PR-rT3) in both fetal and adult sheep. The results
      suggest a) that elevated serum rT3 in the fetus is due to its decreased clearance
      and increased production by mono-deiodination of T4, and b) that low serum T3 in
      the fetus is due to its increased clearance and decreased production by mono
      deiodination of T4. In addition, on the basis of discordant changes in the
      production of T3 and rT3 from T4, it appears that there may exist two separate,
      apparently specific, iodothyronine deiodinating activities--one cleaving the
      iodine atom at the 5'-position and the other acting in the iodine atom at the 5
      position of the T4 molecule; 5'-iodothyronine deiodinating activity is apparently
      reduced in the fetus.

PMID- 171140
TI  - Sex steroids influence LH-RH-receptor interaction.
AB  - Intact male rats (I) and rats 30 days after orchidectomy (OR) were treated in
      vivo with a single dose of 1.5 or 0.5 mg testosterone propionate (TP), 22.5 or
      7.5 mug estradiol benzoate (EB) and a mixture of TP plus EB, respectively. The
      release of LH and FSH from anterior pituitaries of steroid hormone pretreated
      animals induced by the administration of LH-RH was studied in vitro. LH-RH
      stimulated FSH release from pituitaries of I and OR was inhibited by higher doses
      of EB or a mixture of EB plus TP. On the other hand, EB and combination of EB
      plus TP stimulated LH release in I, whereas EB and TP inhibited LH-RH induced
      release of LH in OR. At the lower dose levels no inhibition of LH-RH stimulated
      FSH release from pituitaries of steroid pretreated I or OR animals occured. LH-RH
      induced LH release was only observed at thise dose level in I pretreated with TP
      and OR pretreated with EB. On the other hand, pretreatment of ovariectomized rats
      (OV) with sex steroids (5 mug 17 beta-estradiol, 3 mg progesterone, and mixture
      of 5 mug 17 beta-estradiol and 3 mg progesterone, resp., each injected through 6
      days) resulted in restoration of LH-RH induced FSH release lost 30 days after
      ovariectomy. Furthermore, LH-RH induced release of LH and FSH from male rat
      pituitaries at different times after orc  dectomy exhibited a pattern from that
      recorded for ovariectomized animals. [125I] LH-RH binding assays with anterior
      pituitary plasma membrane fractions isolated from I revealed two binding sites
      with apparent affinity constants of 4.3 x 10(-9) M and 2.2 x 10(-8) M,
      respectively. The low affinity binding site is lost upon orchidectomy. Scatchard
      plot analyses of binding data obtained for LH-RH reaction with plasma membrane
      fractions isolated from anterior pituitaries of OR pretreated with sex steroids
      showed that the second binding site could be regenerated by treatment with the
      low dose of TP. From the present experiments it is concluded that: 1. LH-RH
      induced gonadotropin release is affected by sex steroids at the pituitary plasma
      membrane level. 2. One hypothalamic hormone may well specifically control LH and
      FSH release. 3. Mechanisms controlling LH-RH induced gonadotropin release are
      different in the male and female.

PMID- 171142
TI  - Thyroid-stimulating hormone regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the
      thyroid.
AB  - TSH (1.0 U im) caused a 22-fold increase in thyroidal ornithine decarboxylase
      activity (ODC) 6 hours after administration in intact rats. Hypophysectomized
      rats treated with 1 U TSH showed a 5-fold increase in thyroid ODC activity. This
      stimulation appeared to be specific for TSH since hormones known to induce ODC
      activity in other target tissues, such as ACTH or LH, showed no significant
      stimulation. DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC AMP and aminopylline caused a 12-fold increase in
      ODC activity 5 hours after administration. Prostaglandins have also been
      implicated in the TSH-induced stimulation of cyclic AMP. Indomethacin (1.0 mg/100
      g body wt, ip), an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, was administered 3 hours
      before TSH with a resulting 30% diminution (P less than .001) in ODC activity
      compared with the administration of TSH alone. To rule out the possibility that
      the increase in ODC activity with TSH might be due to increased thyroid hormone
      secretion, ODC activity was evaluated 6 hours after triiodothyronine
      administration (60 mug/100 g body wt), and no significant increase in thyroid ODC
      activity was found. Stimulation of ODC activity was 90% inhibited by the
      intraperitoneal administration of actinomycin D (80 mug/100 g body wt) or
      cycloheximide (400 mug/100 g body wt) given simultaneously with TSH. These
      results indicated that TSH specifically stimulated thyroid ODC activity, which
      may be important for the growth-promoting action of the hormone on the thyroid
      gland. This action may be mediated by cAMP and prostaglandins and may require new
      protein synthesis.

PMID- 171144
TI  - Androgen induction of a specific uterine protein.
AB  - Studies were conducted to determine the ability of androgens in vitro to elicit
      the induction of a specific uterine protein (IP) normally attributed to
      estrogens. Both 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT) and testosterone were
      effective in stimulating IP synthesis in rat uterine tissue in a concentration
      dependent manner (0.1 muM to 50 muM). 5alpha-DHT was more effective than
      testosterone and reached approximately 85% of the estradiol stimulated IP
      response at 10 muM and 50 muM; whereas testosterone was only able to achieve
      about a 70% IP response at 50 muM. This androgen stimulated IP synthesis was
      stereospecific since cis-testosterone and 5beta-DHT, inactive androgen isomers,
      were unable to evoke a detectable IP response at any concentration studied.
      Antiandrogens were unable to inhibit the 5alpha-DHT stimulated IP synthesis but
      antiestrogens were able to greatly inhibit the 5alpha-DHT and testosterone
      stimulated IP responses in a concentration dependent manner. The anti-estrogens,
      themselves, were very weak inducers of the IP response. The nuclear accumulation
      of the estrogen receptor by various androgens and inactive androgen isomers was
      also determined. Approximately 100% nuclear accumulation of receptor was attained
      with 1 muM 5alpha-DHT, whereas 50 muM testosterone was needed for 100% uptake.
      5beta-DHT was unable to translocate the receptor at the lower concentrations
      tested, but caused a significant nuclear accumulation of 50 muM. Cis-testosterone
      was unable to cause the nuclear accumulation of the estrogen receptor at all
      concentrations studied. These studies suggest that some of the estrogen receptors
      accumulated in the nuclei by androgens, inactive androgen isomers, or
      antiestrogens may not be capable of eliciting a biological response.

PMID- 171143
TI  - The prosence of estrogen receptor in kidneys from normal and androgen-insensitive
      tfm/y mice.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo binding of [3H]estradiol to cytosol proteins and nuclei was
      studied in kidneys from normal and androgen-insensitive tfm/y mice. The use of
      tfm/y mice permitted study of the estrogen-receptor complex in the absence of
      androgen receptor. A high affinity, [3H]estradiol-labeled, 8S molecule was
      demonstrated in low salt sucrose gradients. This macromolecule sedimented more
      slowly in gradients containing KC1 (0.5 M). Binding of [3H]estradiol was
      inhibited by 100-fold excess estrone, estradiol, or diethylstillbestrol but was
      not affected by testosterone, androstenedione, or progesterone. Studies of
      equilibrium-binding kinetics for estradiol indicated a Kd of 1.4 X 10(-9) M and
      4.4 X 10(-14) mol of binding sites/mg cytosol protein. Furthermore, the binder
      was an acidic, heat-labile protein (pI = 4.8) which could be precipitated from
      cytosol with 33% ammonium sulfate, and needed sulfhydryl groups for activity. The
      demonstration of an estradiol-binding protein in vitro was correlated with
      specific [3H]estradiol uptake by tfm/y kidney nuclei in vivo. We concluded that
      the mouse kidney contains an estradiol-binding protein, distinct from that for
      androgens, which has many of the characteristics of a steroid receptor. The
      presence of an estrogen receptor in both normal and tfm/y mice indicates that a
      genetic defect in one receptor does not influence the properties of another. We
      concluded that androgen and estrogen receptors are under independent genetic
      control.

PMID- 171145
TI  - LH-hCG receptors and testosterone content during differentiation of the testis in
      the rabbit embryo.
AB  - The development of gonadotropin receptors for LH and hCG in the fetal rabbit
      testis from 17-29 days of gestation was followed by quantitative binding studies
      with [125I]iodohCG and compared with gonadal testosterone content and the
      histological differentiation of the fetal Leydig cells. The concentrations of
      gonadotropin receptors and testosterone in the fetal testis were low on days 17
      and 18 and increased strikingly on day 19. This time sequence for development of
      LH-hCG receptors and steroid content of the testis was correlated exactly with
      the histological appearance of the endoplasmic reticulum characteristic of the
      differentiated Leydig cell. When fetal testes were examined at 12-h intervals
      between days 17 and 19, gonadotropin binding and testosterone content were
      closely correlated at all times studied. Thus, no dissociation between the two
      functions was demonstrable in the testis at any time during gestation. In the
      fetal ovary, LH-hCG binding and testosterone content were low or undetectable at
      all stages of gestation. These observations demonstrate a close temporal
      relationship between the appearance of the LH-hCG receptor and the synthesis of
      testosterone by the fetal testis and demonstrate that the histological and
      functional differentiation of the Leydig cell occurs within a few hours at
      approximately day 18 of gestation. The simultaneous appearance of LH-hCG
      receptors and testosterone synthesis in the gonad can be regarded as the
      biochemical manifestations of Leydig cell differentiation in the testis of the
      fetal rabbit.

PMID- 171146
TI  - Estradiol receptor content in rat granulosa cells during follicular development:
      modification by estradiol and gonadotropins.
AB  - To examine the relationships between gonadotropic hormones, ovarian follicular
      development, and estradiol receptor content in rat granulosa cells, follicular
      growth was stimulated in intact immature rats and hypophysectomized immature
      rats. In intact rats, both PMSG and oFSH given for 2 days stimulated follicular
      growth and endogenous estrogen production but caused estradiol receptor content
      in granulosa cells to decrease markedly. In hypophysectomized rats estradiol (2
      mg/day X 4) was capable of increasing the content of its own receptor, stimulated
      preantral follicular development, and potentiated the responses of granulosa
      cells to highly purified hFSH. Thus, subsequent treatment with hFSH stimulated
      antral formation and maintained high levels of estradiol receptor content in
      granulosa cells. LH, on the other hand, caused a rapid decline in the content of
      estradiol receptor in nuclei of granulosa cells. In hypophysectomized rats primed
      with estradiol alone, a high dose of oLH caused follicles to undergo atresia. In
      hypophysectomized rats primed with hFSH in addition to estradiol, oLH stimulated
      luteinization. Thus, induction of atresia or luteinization by oLH in these rats
      appears to be associated (cause or effect?) with a loss of estradiol receptor in
      granulosa cells. Whether follicles of estrogen-treated, hypophysectomized rats
      luteinize or undergo atresia in response to LH appears to be determined by their
      stage of differentiation and the nature of the prior stimulation by FSH.

PMID- 171147
TI  - The effect on gastrin secretion of agents which increase the intracellular
      concentration of 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.
AB  - An in vitro technique that allows study of gastrin secretion from isolated pieces
      of rat gastric antrum was used to study the effect on gastrin release of agents
      known to increase intracellular cAMP levels. Isuprel (10(-5)M), PGE1 (10(-5)M),
      theophylline (10(-4)M), and dibutyryl cAMP (5 X 10(-4)M) did not affect gastrin
      release when used alone, but each enhanced arginine-stimulated gastrin release. A
      biphasic pattern of gastrin release in response to arginine was seen in all
      experiments. The studies emphasize the close functional similarity between the
      antral G cells and the B cells of the pancreatic islet.

PMID- 171148
TI  - A sensitive and simple in vitro assay for corticotropin-releasing substances
      utilizing ACTH release from cultured anterior pituitary cells.
AB  - Graded doses of rat hypothalamic extract (HE) were added to dishes containing
      dispersed, pooled rat adenohypophyseal cells cultured for several days. ACTH
      secretion into the medium gave a linear log-dose response curve over a 100-fold
      range between 0.01 and 1 mg of NIH-HE (0.0125-1.25 rat hypothalamus). Forty
      percent of the maximal ACTH secretion in response to a given dose of HE occurred
      within 3 min. No decrease in intracellular ACTH occurred at any time or with any
      dose of HE, indicating that secretion was always balanced by production. ACTH
      secretion stopped as soon as HE-containing medium was replaced by medium without
      HE. The same cultured cells could be satisfactorily used in repetitive assays
      performed on the same or different days.

PMID- 171149
TI  - Inhibition of the response of mouse thyroid to tryrotropin induced by chronic
      triiodothyronine treatment.
AB  - Administration of 1 mU bovine TSH iv to mice resulted, within 1 hour, in the
      increase of the serum T4 level from 32 +/- 1.4 ng/ml to 53 +/- 2.6 ng/ml (Mean +/
      SE, n = 24). Treatment with 1 mug triiodothyronine (T3) per day, for 10 days,
      abolished the responsiveness of the thyroid to TSH, as measured by thyroxine (T4)
      release. Thyroidal response to TSH was measured also in vitro. The basal hormonal
      release was 4.66 +/- 0.55 ng T4 and 0.98 +/- 0.15 ng T3 per thyroid per 3 h (n =
      30). In the presence of bovine TSH (0.2 mU/ml) the hormonal secretion increased 3
      fold for T4 and 2.5-fold for T3. Thyroids from mice pretreated with T3 for 10
      days showed almost no response to TSH. Partial refractoriness to TSH was already
      significant 5 days after T3 pretreatment. Responsiveness to TSH was restored 3
      days after T3 withdrawal or after 3 daily injections of 10 mU bovine TSH,
      concomitant with the last 3 days of T3 pretreatment. These results indicated that
      the prolonged absence of an adequate level of trophic hormone may be the cause of
      thyroidal unresponsiveness to acute TSH treatment. With 20 mU of TSH, cAMP levels
      rose from 4 +/- 0.5 picomoles to 80 +/- 9.3 picomoles per thyroid (n = 6). In
      mice subjected to 10 days of T3 pretreatment the response was markedly reduced:
      20 +/- 3 picomoles/ thyroid. Thyroids of the T3-treated mice responded normally
      to 1 mM DBcAMP in vitro. From these results it was concluded that the impaired
      responsiveness of the thyroids to TSH occurs at a step prior to cAMP
      accumulation.

PMID- 171150
TI  - Effect of estrogen-progestogen administration on tissue cation concentrations in
      the rat.
AB  - Five studies are reported which were designed to define the effects of an
      estrogen and a progestogen, alone and in combination, on tissue concentrations
      (heart, kidney, and liver) of two trace metals (zinc, copper) and four bulk
      cations (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium). Male rats received Premarin
      (0.08 mg) and/or progesterone (2 mg) in saline intramuscularly 5 days a week for
      12 weeks. A significant increase in kidney copper concentrations was the most
      striking finding in treated, compared to control, animals. A small but
      significant increase in kidney zinc concentrations also was observed. The changes
      in cation concentrations in the liver were less striking and consistent, and no
      changes were observed in cation concentrations of heart muscle. The increase in
      renal copper was greater with estrogen than with progestogen alone but the two in
      combination produced an additive effect. Dose-response and time-response changes
      were documented. Two weeks after discontinuing treatment, renal copper and zinc
      concentrations returned to control levels.

PMID- 171151
TI  - Calcium transport in isolated bone cells. III. Effects of parathyroid hormone and
      cyclic 3',5'-AMP.
AB  - The effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cyclic 3',5'-AMP (cyclic AMP) on
      calcium transport were studied in isolated bone cells. Bone cells were isolated
      by collagenase digestion of 20-21 day old fetal rat calvaria. Calcium transport
      was measured with 45Ca. PTH (0.2 mug/ml) increased calcium uptake 30--40% over
      control values at 37 C. At 4 C, the effects were magnified and 70--170% increases
      in calcium uptake were observed. The effects were present 1--10 minutes after the
      simultaneous addition of hormone and 45Ca. PTH had no effect on calcium efflux.
      Neither dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10(-4)-10(-3)M) nor cyclic AMP (10(-7)-3 X 10(-6)M)
      had any effect on calcium uptake or efflux. Methylisobutylxanthine (0.1 mM)
      caused no change in calcium uptake although increase in cyclic AMP were noted.
      The characteristic PTH-induced increase in cyclic AMP seen at 37 C was not
      observed at 4 C. It is postulated that PTH increases the permeability of bone
      cell membranes to calcium. At 4 C the membrane is relatively impermeable so the
      PTH effect is magnified. The PTH-induced increase does not appear to be mediated
      through cyclic AMP.

PMID- 171152
TI  - Effects of parathyroid hormone on the accumulation of cyclic AMP in bone of
      vitamin D-deficient rats.
AB  - The mechanism of skeletal refractoriness to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in vitamine
      D-deficient animals was studied in terms of the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP
      system in rat calvaria. In vitamin D-deficient, thyroparathyroidectomized rats,
      plasma calcium concentration was not elevated by iv administration of PTH, while
      responsiveness to the hormone was recovered within 24 h after a single dose (2.5
      mug) of vitamin D3. In spite of the remarkable dependency of PTH on vitamin D for
      mobilization of calcium from bone, PTH stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in
      particulate bone cell fractions in vitro. PTH also enhanced the levels of cyclic
      AMP in the skeletal tissues of vitamin D-deficient rats in vivo and in vitro to
      an extent similar to those found in rats given 2.5 mug of D3. Administration of
      theophylline or dibutyryl cyclic AMP to the vitamin D-deficient rats did not
      cause any significant hypercalcemic effects, while these drugs enhanced plasma
      calcium concentration significantly in the rats given vitamin D3. These data
      strongly indicate that the cause of the skeletal refractoriness to PTH in vitamin
      D-deficient animals is  not a defective activation of adenylate cyclase, but must
      be related to a later step or steps in the biochemical events leading to bone
      cell activation.

PMID- 171153
TI  - Characterization of mouse ACTH in plasma and in extracts of pituitary and of
      adrenotropic pituitary tumor.
AB  - The predominant component of immunoreactive ACTH in the plasma of
      adrenalectomized normal mice and of mice bearing the adrenotropic mouse pituitary
      tumor, AtT-20, and in extracts of the normal mouse pituitary and pituitary tumor,
      has an elution volume on Sephadex G-50 gel filtration approximately midway
      between the void volume and the elution volume of human ACTH (1-39 peptide). The
      tumor extracts are shown to contain, in addition to this intermediate ACTH, 2
      other components of immunoreactive ACTH, one which coelutes with 131I-labeled
      albumin (big ACTH) and the other with [125I]hACTH (little ACTH). Big and
      intermediate ACTH are urea-stable. Controlled tryptic digestion of mouse-tumor
      big ACTH results within 10 seconds in conversion to an intermediate component
      followed by continued loss of immunoreactivity. Under the same conditions of
      tryptic digestion of intermediate ACTH, there is only continuous loss of immuno
      reactivity with no change of hormonal form. These findings strengthen the
      hypothesis that mouse intermediate ACTH is not a precursor for little ACTH.

PMID- 171154
TI  - Epileptogenic effects of several penicillins and penicillin-related compounds in
      rat neocortex.
AB  - Several penicillins and penicillin-related compounds were tested for their
      ability to produce epileptiform activity in rat neocortex. (1) Alterations in the
      side chain of penicillin G decreased epileptogenic capability in all the
      compounds tested in this study: Phenoxymethylpenicillin produced a primary focus
      but no mirror focus, suggesting a dissociation of the mechanisms underlying these
      two processes. Ampicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and potassium 6
      aminopenicillanic acid, and potassium 6-aminopenicillanic acid produced little or
      no epileptiform activity. All these compounds have free amino grounds and are
      amphoteric. (2) Breaking the beta lactam ring of penicillin G (potassium
      penicillin G penicilloate) eliminated epileptogenic capability. (3) Potassium
      salts of penicillin or its derivatives (potassium penicillin G, propicillin,
      potassium 6-aminopenicillanic acid, potassium penicillin G penicilloate)
      consistently suppressed cortical activity, regardless of the ability of the
      compound to produce spike discharges. Thus, mechanisms underlying these two
      properties can be dissociated. (4) Antibiotic activity of penicillins bears no
      relationship to epileptogenic capability.

PMID- 171155
TI  - Adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate-dependent and plasma-membrane-associated protein
      kinase from bovine corpus luteum. Solubilization and properties of solubilized
      enzyme.
AB  - The solubilization of plasma membrane fractions FI and FII associated protein
      kinases has been attempted using monovalent salts of high ionic strength and
      various detergent treatments. Extraction of FI and FII plasma membranes with high
      ionic strength salt solutions did not release more than 20% of the protein kinase
      activity. Similarly, monovalent salts released little adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) binding activity, but after extraction binding
      capacity of cyclic [3H]AMP to plasma membranes was increased about 150-200%.
      Triton X-100 was a better solubilizing agent that Lubrol WX or deoxycholate. In
      addition to solubilization, 0.1% Triton X-100 also stimulated the protein kinase
      activity 150-200%. The properties of Triton X-100 solubilized FI and FII and
      purified cytosol KII were characterized with respect to protein substrate
      specificity, effect of cyclic AMP, cyclic nucleotide specificity, effects of
      divalent metal ion and gonadotropins. Upon sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation, FI solubilized protein kinase and cyclic AMP binding activities
      co-sedimented with a sedimentation coefficient of 6.3 S. The FII solubilized
      protein kinase sedimented as two components with sedimentation coefficients of
      7.7 S and 5.5 S. The cyclic AMP binding activity also sedimented as two
      components with sedimentation coefficient 6.7 S and 5.5 S. Cyclic AMP caused
      dissociation of solubilized protein kinase from FI into a single catalytic (4.8
      S) and two cyclic AMP binding subunits (8.1 S and 6.7 S). FII solubilized enzyme
      was dissociated into one catalytic (4.8 S) and one cyclic AMP binding subunit
      (6.3 S). Fractionation of FI and FII solubilized enzymes on DEAE-cellulose column
      chromatography resolved them each into two peaks Ia, Ib and IIa, IIb,
      respectively. Peaks Ib and IIb were more sensitive to cyclic AMP STIMULATION THAN
      Ia and IIa peaks. From these studies it is concluded that the plasma-membrane
      associated and cytosol protein kinases have similar catalytic properties but
      differ in some of their physical properties.

PMID- 171156
TI  - Structure and synthesis of a lipid-containing bacteriophage. Chemical
      modifications of bacteriophage PM2 and the resulting alterations in acyl-chain
      motion in the PM2 membrane.
AB  - The nucleocapsid proteins of bacteriophage PM2 and the inner lamella of the lipid
      bilayer, containing most of the phosphatidlethanolamine residues, were
      selectively cross-linked in the presence of 0.1-0.5% glutaraldehyde, 5 mM
      dimethylsuberimidate, or 0.05% toluene 2,4-diisocyanate. The biological activity
      (p.f.u.) of PM2 modified by these reagents decreased 10(6)-fold in all cases. The
      spike and coat proteins were selectively cross-linked in the presence of 7.5 mM
      N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide. The biological activity of virus modified by this
      reagen was unaffected. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of fatty acid
      spin labels incorporated into native and chemically modified viral membranes were
      qualitatively similar but show quantitative differences. Fixation with
      glutaraldehyde increased the rigidity of the membrane while Triton X-100 induced
      a more flexible structure. There was no change in the electron paramagnetic
      resonance spectrum of virus treated with N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide, however.

PMID- 171157
TI  - Replication of colicinogenic factor E1 DNA in plasmolysed Escherichia coli cells.
      Coupling of DNA replication and RNA synthesis.
AB  - Plasmolysed chloramphenicol-treated Escherichia coli cells carrying the
      colicinogenic factor E1 utilize deoxynucleoside triphosphates for the semi
      conservative synthesis of Col E1 DNA. Col E1 DNA replication in plasmolysed cells
      can be dissociated into two temporally separated processes: (a) a rifampicin
      sensitive RNA synthesis, which is stimulated by adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP) and requires all four ribonucleoside triphosphates and (b) an ATP
      dependent DNA synthesis, which is inhibited by arabinosylnucleoside triphosphates
      and sulfhydryl-blocking reagents. Thes two processes exhibit different
      sensitivities to inhibition by polyamines and actinomycin D.

PMID- 171158
TI  - The influence of insulin on glucose permeability and metabolism of human
      granulocytes.
AB  - Viable human polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from peripheral blood were
      incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C with variable concentrations of insulin in a
      saline medium buffered at pH 7.4. The hormone increased glucose consumption by
      about 40% without influencing the permeability of the membranes to glucose, whose
      uptake followed a passive diffusion process. The measurement of intermediates
      localized activation of glycolysis by insulin, down to 0.36 nM, at the
      phosphofructokinase step. However, the spectrophotometric measurement showed no
      activation of phosphofructokinase after preincubation with insulin of either
      intact granulocytes or crude or ultracentrifuged homogenates. The level of cyclic
      AMP, which is known to activate phosphofructokinase, was not modified by insulin;
      cyclic GMP did not activate the enzyme in the granulocyte extracts: neither of
      the two nucleotides can therefore be considered as a direct messenger of the
      action of insulin on phosphofructokinase. An important fraction of the extra
      glucose consumed under the influence of insulin was recovered as neither glycogen
      nor lactate, nor was it oxidized in the Krebs cycle. It might be assumed to have
      been converted into glycerolipids. However, insulin produced no detectable
      accumulation of triglycerides and activated neither the pentose phosphate pathway
      nor oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. The fate of the extra glucose consumed
      under the influence of insulin therefore remains questionable.

PMID- 171159
TI  - Sites of action of fusidic acid in eukaryotes. Inhibition by fusidic acid of a
      ribosome-independent GTPase from Artemia salina embryos.
AB  - 1. A ribosome-independent GTPase activity has been isolated from the high-speed
      supernatant fraction of Artemia salina embryos, and some of its properties have
      been studied. This activity is inhibited by fusidic acid, an antibiotic generally
      thought to inhibit only EF-2 in eukaryotes. However, several lines of evidence
      indicate that the GTPase activity, described here, is distinct from EF-2. The
      results suggest, therefore, that the inhibitory effect of fusidic acid in
      eukaryotic systems is not restricted to EF-2 (and ribosome)-dependent functions
      only. 2. The results of other experiments have revealed that, despite its ability
      to inhibit the GTPase activity mentioned above, fusidic acid is not a non
      specific inhibitor of all ribosome-independent GTPase and ATPase activities
      present in eukaryotic cells.

PMID- 171160
TI  - The allosteric properties of beef-liver fructose bisphosphatase.
AB  - 1. The activity of beef liver fructose bisphosphatase has been shown to respond
      cooperatively to increasing concentrations of the activating cations Mg2+ and
      Mn2+. The allosteric inhibitor AMP caused an increase in this cooperativity and a
      decrease in the apparent affinity of the enzyme for the activating cation. 2. The
      cooperative response of the enzyme to AMP is similarly increased by increasing
      cation concentrations with a concomitant decrease in the apparent affinity. 3.
      Direct binding experiments indicated that in the absence of either Mg2+ or Mn2+
      the enzyme bound AMP non-cooperatively up to a maximum of two molecules per
      molecule of enzyme, a result that is indicative of half-sites reactivity. The
      binding became increasingly cooperative as the concentration of the activating
      cation was increased. 4. The substrate fructose bisphosphate had no effect on any
      of these cooperative responses. 5. These results may be most simply interpreted
      in terms of concerted model in which the activating cation functions both as an
      allosteric activator and as an essential cofactor for the reaction.

PMID- 171161
TI  - Contrasting effects on plasma lipoproteins of intravenous versus oral
      administration of a triglyceride-phospholipid emulsion.
AB  - The effect of fat on plasma lipoproteins was compared when administered by the
      oral and intravenous routes to healthy control subjects on a low fat diet for 5-6
      weeks. During this time each subject underwent two 5 day periods of fat
      supplementation with a soya bean triglyceride-egg yolk phospholipid emulsion
      (Intralipid), once via intragastric tube, once intravenously. Changes in plasma
      lipoproteins were assessed by measurement of their lipid and protein content.
      Intragastric fat administration significantly decreased the level of very low
      density lipoprotein (VLDL), whereas intravenous fat administration caused a
      significant rise in low density lipoprotein (LDL). Morphological evidence of
      persistence of exogenous phospholipid in plasma following intravenous fat
      administration was confirmed by alterations in the fatty acid composition of
      lecithin in the d 1.006-1.063 fraction of plasma. In vitro studies showed that
      exchange readily occurred between Intralipid and LDL lecithin, causing the latter
      to assume a more saturated pattern. It is concluded that the occurrence of
      similar changes in vivo could explain the rise in low density lipoprotein
      following intravenous fat, possibly by influencing the catabolic rate of the
      apoprotein. Hydrolysis of ingested phospholipids during absorption presumably
      explains why none of these changes occurred after oral fat supplementation, and
      would seem to be an important regulatory function of the small intestine in
      relation to plasma lipoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 171162
TI  - The effect of blocking dopamine release on synthesis rate of dopamine in the
      striatum of the rat.
AB  - Two experiments were carried out in rats to investigate the mechanisms by which
      dopamine (DA) synthesis is regulated. First, a unilateral lesion was made in the
      substantia nigra, thus interrupting the nervous impulse flow of the nigro
      striatal pathway. Secondly, the release of DA in the striatum was blocked by
      means of 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone-2 (HA-966). In both experiments the
      synthesis rate of DA was accelerated as was shown by analysing the time course of
      the specific activity of striatal DA after an i.v. injection of 3,5-3H-tyrosine.
      Furthermore the influence of apomorphine on the rate of DA synthesis, accelerated
      by HA-966 or by lesion, was investigated. Apomorphine appeared to block the
      increase of DA synthesis. The results are discussed in the light of a
      transsynaptic feedback mechanism.

PMID- 171164
TI  - Retinal cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity in two strains of dystrophic rat.

PMID- 171163
TI  - Tricaine (MS-222): effects on ionic conductances of squid axon membranes.
AB  - Experiments utilizing internally perfused squid giant axons have been carried out
      to determine the mode of action of tricaine (MS-222) in producing its anesthetic
      effects. Tricaine, in concentrations of 1 and 3 mM, was applied to the internal
      surface of the membrane via the perfusion system. Peak sodium current and steady
      state potassium current were measured by the axial-wire voltage clamp technique.
      Tricaine suppressed both of these membrane ionic currents with the major effect
      being on the peak sodium current. Its action on nerve membrane appeared quite
      similar to other local anesthetics. One major difference was noted in that
      tricaine shifts sodium conductance curves in the direction of depolarization
      along the potential axis, an effect quite similar to that observed with
      increasing external Ca2+ concentration and with application of pentobarbital.

PMID- 171165
TI  - Effect of age and -SH active groups on the activity of some enzymes involved in
      the carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 171166
TI  - Age related thermolability of liver and kidney glucose-6-phosphatase.

PMID- 171167
TI  - Types of neuronal responses in the rat thalamus to peripheral temperature
      changes.
AB  - Recordings were made of spike-trains from 163 neurons of the rostral part of the
      ventrobasal thalamus complex of the rat while the temperature of the scrotal skin
      was altered. The following results were obtained: 55 neurons were non
      thermosensitive, 7 neurons cold-sensitive and 101 neurons warm-sensitive. In the
      case of the warm-sensitive cells a definite discrimination was possible: 61.4% of
      the neurons altered their firing behavior during peripheral cooling, changing
      from relatively even spike frequency to burst firing. This change could be
      induced repeatedly by altering the temperature. 38.6% of the neurons, on the
      other hand, reacted to cooling by slowing down their frequency. By way of
      statistical methods the firing patterns of the two response-types were analyzed
      more precisely and the differences in response to temperature stimuli more
      exactly defined. Likewise, the spatial distribution of the two response-types of
      warm-sensitive cells exhibited differences; whereas the cells devoid of burst
      activity occured rather uniformly in the region of the thalamus studied, the
      cells with bursting activity were confined more to the mediocaudal region. These
      findings are discussed with regard to the phenomenon of peripheral bursts and to
      the projection of thermoafferent pathways onto the ventrobasal thalamus complex.
      The functional interpretation of the various cell reactions and their role in the
      central processing of thermoafferent signals still remains unexplained and
      requires comparative studies of peripheral and central parts of the
      thermoafferent system.

PMID- 171168
TI  - A direct input from amygdaloid complex to caudate nucleus of the rat.
AB  - Spontaneous unit activity was recorded from the caudate nucleus in rats
      anesthetized with urethane. Amygdaloid nucleus stimulation altered the
      spontaneous activity of 51 units (65% of the population tested); 23 units (29%)
      showed an increase and 28 (36%) a decrease of discharge rate. Moreover, 25 units
      (32%) responded to stimulation with stimulus-locked spikes. Post-stimulus time
      histograms revealed 7 patterns of response to amygdaloid stimulation. In 4 groups
      of cells, stimulus-locked spikes occurred followed by alteration of spontaneous
      discharge rate. In another 2 groups there was a change of spontaneous discharge
      without stimulus-locked spikes and in the final group no effect occurred. The
      possibility of mono-, oligo-, and polysynaptic connections from amygdaloid
      nuclear complex to caudate nucleus was discussed. It was suggested that an
      amygdalofugal connection to basal ganglia may provide a pathway whereby activity
      of the limbic system may exert a modulatory influence on somatic motor
      mechanisms.

PMID- 171169
TI  - Neurons and glia in neural cultures.

PMID- 171170
TI  - Altered responsiveness of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-generating systems in
      brain slices from adult rats after neonatal treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine.

PMID- 171171
TI  - Physiological studies of the reciprocal connections between the hippocampus and
      entorhinal cortex.

PMID- 171172
TI  - Diffuse liver injury in amebic abscess of the liver: an electron microscopic
      study.

PMID- 171173
TI  - Identity of cowdry type B inclusions and nuclear bodies: observations in reovirus
      encephalitis.

PMID- 171175
TI  - Inhibition of rabbit intestinal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by copper chelators.

PMID- 171176
TI  - Adrenal function during chronic danazol administration.
AB  - Ten healthy female volunteers received Danazol, 400 mg twice daily for 90 days.
      Adrenal function testing then showed a normal capacity of the gland to respond to
      stimulation with synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and a lack of
      suppression of central areas controlling adrenal function by a normal response to
      the metyrapone challenge.

PMID- 171174
TI  - [Toxicology of radioprotective agents].

PMID- 171178
TI  - Treatment of RSV-transformed "poorly" virogenic and non-virogenic mammalian cell
      lines with inhibitors of protein synthesis: failure to potentiate RSV rescue.
AB  - Treatment of the RSV-transformed "poorly" virogenic rat clones LW13-RsK4 and LW13
      RsK4 R1 with cycloheximide or puromycin before fusion with chick embryo
      fibroblasts did not lead to RSV rescue. Neither was RSV rescued from the RSV
      transformed non-virogenic mouse line RVP3 treated with 5-bromodeoxyuridine and
      cycloheximide or puromycin before fusion.

PMID- 171177
TI  - Contraception and cervical colonization with mycoplasmas and infection with
      cytomegalovirus.
AB  - The relationship of cervical colonization of genital mycoplasmas and infection
      with cytomegalovirus (CMV) was studied in 66 intrauterine device (IUD) users as
      contrasted to 60 patients using oral contraception and 50 patients using neither
      an IUD nor oral contraception. No significant increase in colonization or genital
      mycoplasmas or infection with CMV was noted in IUD users. No CMV was isolated
      from users of the cooper-t IUD. It is unlikely that genital mycoplasmas are
      related to either the increased immunoglobulin levels seen in patients using the
      IUD or the antifertility effects of the IUD.

PMID- 171179
TI  - [The relations between lactation and cyclic-AMP -- The influences of adenyl
      cyclase activity on casein biosynthesis ability in the organ culture of the mouse
      mammary gland (author's transl)].
AB  - The relationships between hormonal action and cyclic AMP as the second messenger
      of hormones have recently been discussed on many hormones. Lactation is
      influenced by various hormone, especially, insulin, prolactin, and
      hydrocortisone. Whether adenyl cyclase activity in the mammary gland of mouse
      epithelial cells has parallel relations with casein biosynthesis ability or not
      was examined using the mammary gland organ culture method. Female, mid-pregnant
      (11-14 days), mice of DDY strain were used. Organ culture was done by the Chen's
      floating lens' paper method, using the hormone-added MEM media and non-added
      ones. Casein biosynthesis ability was measured by observing 32P incorporation
      into the casein molecules. Adenyl cyclase activity was estimated by the amount of
      14-C-cyclic AMP produced out of adenine-8-14C by the Kuo and Krishna's method.
      Radio isotope compounds were pulsed for 4 hours in the medium. The experiments
      revealed that the added hormones had a remarkable effect on caein biosynthesis
      ability, but none on adenyl cyclase activity. No parallel fluctuation was
      observed between adenyl cyclase activity and casein biosynthesis ability, that
      is, the change of adenyl cyclase activity was found to have nothing to do with
      casein biosynthesis ability. Consequently, the cyclic AMP addition to the media
      showed no effect on casein biosynthesis ability.

PMID- 171180
TI  - Effects of solvent on the properties of ferredoxins.

PMID- 171181
TI  - The effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and 3-O-methyl-d-glucose on mucosubstance
      secretion in cell culture.

PMID- 171182
TI  - The specificity of 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding in human prostate cytosol
      preparations.

PMID- 171183
TI  - The influence of hemolymph-binding protein on juvenile hormone stability and
      distribution in Manduca sexta fat body and imaginal discs in vitro.
AB  - The wing discs and fat body of Manduca sexta larvae contain enzymes (i.e.
      carboxylesterase and epoxide hydratase) that can convert the C18 juvenile hormone
      (JH) to the acid, diol and acid diol. No evidence of oxidative degradation was
      noted. In vitro studies suggest that JH can be compartmentalized within the cells
      of the fat body where it is less accessible to degradative mechanisms.
      Experiments utilizing a hemolymph-binding protein fraction (BPF) in vitro with
      fat body and imaginal discs indicate that the BPF retards the uptake of JH by
      tissues and its subsequent degradation by tissue enzymes. BPF also appears to
      protect JH from degradation by enzymes released into the medium. By these
      mechanisms the insect can maintain elevated JH titers for relatively long
      periods. Binding protein may also keep JH in solution in the hemolymph allowing
      its rapid distribution throughout the insect. The data suggest that the binding
      protein plays a key role in maintaining juvenile hormone titers.

PMID- 171184
TI  - Changes in 5alpha- dihydrotestosterone binding to epididymal cytosol during
      sexual maturation in rabbits: correlation with morphological changes in the
      testis and epididymis.
AB  - We previously demonstrated that the caput epididymis of intact sexually mature
      rabbits contains a specific high-affinity binding protein for 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (5alphaDHT). The other anatomical segments (corpus and cauda)
      of the epididymes of these animals had no detectable 5alphaDHT-binding activity.
      We have further shown that this binding was due to an androgen-binding protein of
      testicular origin. In the present study we have investigated 5alphaDHT binding to
      epididymal cytosol from sexually immature rabbits (20-104 days old). Using
      sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, we have detected a unique pattern of
      binding. The pattern correlated well with testicular and epididymal maturation,
      but there was little correlation with chronological age or body weight. In the
      most immature animals (Group I) the seminiferous tubules appeared as solid cords
      and the epithelium of the ductus epididymis detectable 5alphaDHT-binding
      activity. In the second group (Group II), there was 5alphaDHT-binding to all
      three segments. The seminiferous tubules of these rabbits exhibited spermatogenic
      activity and lumen formation. The height of the epididymal epithelium had
      increased uniformly throughout the duct. The third group (Group III) had
      5alphaDHT-binding only in caput cytosol. Spermatogenesis had progressed to the
      formation of elongated spermatids in the most immature animals of this group to
      the release of spermatozoa in the most mature ones. The caput epithelium of this
      last group of rabbits was fully differentiated. Unilateral orchidectomy of Group
      II rabbits resulted in a decrease in [3H]5alphaDHT-binding activity on the
      operated side as compared to the contralateral non-operated control side,
      suggesting the testicular origin of the binding protein. The failure of
      cyproterone or cyproterone acetate to inhibit [3H]5alphaDHT-binding to the
      protein, the lack of effect of N-ethylmaleimide on binding, and the rapid
      dissociation rate of the [3H]5alphaDHT-binding protein complex suggested that the
      binding moiety was testicular androgen-binding protein (ABP).

PMID- 171185
TI  - Mechanism of action of progesterone on amphibian oocytes. A possible biological
      role for progesterone metabolism.
AB  - The ability of various steroids to induce maturation of Pleurodeles waltlii
      oocytes after incubation has been studied. Progesterone is metabolized during the
      course of maturation. All metabolites isolated are less efficient than
      progesterone for inducing germinal vesicle breakdown. Progesterone binding to the
      'melanosome' fraction has been studied (KD = 4.5 X 10(-8) M at 4 degrees C).
      20BETA-Hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one, the main progesterone metabolite isolated from
      the oocyte, also binds to the melanosome fraction, but with a lower affinity (KD
      = 1.6 X 10(-7) M at 4 degrees C). At high concentration 20beta-hydroxy-pregn-4-en
      3-one induces maturation, but at low concentration it is a competitive inhibitor
      of progesterone. Progesterone metabolism in Pleurodeles oocytes can be
      interpreted as an inactivation process, and also as a mechanism for inhibitime
      progesterone action.

PMID- 171186
TI  - In vivo effect of anti-estrogens on the localisation and replenishment of
      estrogen receptor.
AB  - Interactions between estrogen recpetors and triaryl ethylene anti-estrogens (U
      11100A, MER 25 and CI 628) were tested on immature rat uteri. The accessible and
      the total (accessible and occupied) estrogen receptor sites were assayed in the
      cytosol and nuclear extracts using charcoal adsorption. After in vivo
      administration of anti-estrogens, the estradiol receptor sites were occupied and
      subsequently transferred to the nuclear compartment. The nuclear localisation of
      the receptor induced by the antagonist lasted for several days, during which
      replenishment of the cytosol receptor occurred. The nuclear receptors transferred
      by anti-estrogens and labelled in vitro with [3H]estradiol, were similar to the
      nuclear receptor-estradiol complex formed in vivo as far as their sedimentation
      constants and extractability from nuclei were concerned. Although these anti
      estrogens are capable to translocate the estrogen receptor to the nucleus and to
      induce the replenishment of the cytosol receptor, the mechanism of their
      antagonism and of their weak estrogenic activity is still not clear.

PMID- 171187
TI  - Changes in cortisol binding to soluble receptor proteins in rat liver and thymus
      during development and ageing.

PMID- 171190
TI  - Comparison of alpha- and beta-cell secretory responses in islets isolated with
      collagenase and in the isolated perfused pancreas of rats.
AB  - The inhibitory actions of somatostatin (100 ng./ml.) on insulin release,
      stimulated by high glucose (20 mM), and on glucagon release, stimulated by
      arginine (15 mM), were studied with two in vitro systems: the isolated perifused
      rat islets prepared by the collagenase procedure and the isolated perfused rat
      pancreas. Suppression of arginine-induced glucagon release by glucose (20 mM) and
      glyceraldehyde (5 mM) was also assessed in both systems. With the perfused
      pancreas, somatostatin caused 32 per cent inhibition of glucose-mediated insulin
      release and inhibited arginine-induced glucagon release by 72 per cent. In the
      same system, glucose and glyceraldehyde were similarly potent inhibitors of
      arginine-induced glucagon secretion. In contrast to the isolated perfused
      pancreas, there was no significant somatostation suppression of glucose-induced
      insulin release or arginine-induced glucagon release whether the inhibitor was
      present prior to or was added during stimulation by glucose or arginine.
      Furthermore, glucose was only minimally active and glyceraldehyde ineffective in
      inhibiting glucagon secretion due to arginine in the perifusion system. The most
      plausible explanation for the difference in the endocrine response of islet cells
      in the two types of widely used in vitro systems is that the alpha and beta cells
      have lost inhibitory receptors in the plasma membrane as a result of the
      collagenase isolation technic.

PMID- 171191
TI  - Changes of enzyme activities in spleen lymphocytes from tumor-bearing rats.
AB  - The induction of concomitant immunity was studied in Donryu strain rats with
      Yoshida ascites sarcoma cells. The changes of enzyme activity in spleen
      lymphocytes were also examined in normal and tumor-bearing rats. The concomitant
      immunity was detected 1 week after transplantation of tumor cells. Extended
      metastases were found 2 weeks after transplantation. The enzyme activities of
      ATPase and acid phosphatase were definitely higher than that of normal rat 1 week
      after the transplantation but decreased to lower level than normal 2 weeks later.
      On the other hand, alkaline phosphatase activity increased 3 times at 1 week
      after the transplantation and remained at the same level even at 2 weeks later.

PMID- 171192
TI  - Mucopolysaccharides of rat ascites hepatoma, AH-100B.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine the mucopolysaccharide content of
      cells, AH-100B, and in the ascites, liver, and kidney of a rat bearing this
      hepatoma. AH-100B is similar to other mixed-type cells in having heparan sulfate
      as the main component in its mucopolysaccharides but its minor component was
      different in containing heparin. The main mucopolysaccharide in the ascites of AH
      100B bearing rat was hyaluronic acid, which was similar to that of control
      ascites induced by injection of polypeptone, but minor component contained
      heparin derived from the cells. The content of hyaluronic acid in the liver of a
      rat bearing this hepatoma was higher than those of control liver and liver of a
      rat bearing other tumors. There were no significant differences between control
      kidney and kidney of a rat bearing this hepatoma.

PMID- 171194
TI  - Effect of serum concentration on adenylate cyclase activities of untransformed
      BHK cells and polyoma virus-transformed derivatives.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activities of untransformed hamster BHK 21/13 cells and their
      polyoma virus-transformed derivatives were compared using the cells cultured in
      low and high serum concentrations. The untransformed cells that were cultured in
      a medium containing 10% serum had a slightly higher activity than the transformed
      cells cultured under the same conditions. When the cells were cultured in a
      medium containing 0.5% serum that stopped proliferation of untransformed cells,
      more significant difference was observed in the adenylate cyclase activity; the
      untransformed cells had a two-fold higher activity than the transformed cells.
      The full activity measured in the presence of fluoride was two-fold higher in the
      untransformed than in the transformed cells. The low serum concentration
      increased the enzyme activity of both untransformed and transformed cells, but
      the enzyme activity of transformed cells in the presence of 0.5% serum did not
      exceed the activity of untransformed cells in 10% serum. Intracellular cyclic AMP
      levels were in parallel with the activity of adenylate cyclase, whereas no
      correlation was found between cyclic AMP levels and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase
      activities.

PMID- 171193
TI  - Effect of oil-attached BCG cell wall on the kinetics of lymphocytes in the tumor
      draining node.
AB  - The lymphocyte distribution into the tumor-draining node was studied with AH-130
      hepatoma cells and Donryu strain rats in relation to the adjuvant activity of the
      oil-attached BCG whole cell wall. The mixed inoculation of the oil-attached BCG
      cell wall with tumor cells resulted initially in further augmentation of
      increased distribution of 51Cr-labeled lymphocytes into the draining-node induced
      by inoculation of the tumor cells alone, and secondarily in the systemic
      stimulation of response of the lymph  node lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin.
      Suppression of the inoculated tumor growth and lymph node metastasis was finally
      observed. These results were discussed in connection with the therapeutic effect
      of BCG and its cell wall fraction.

PMID- 171196
TI  - Effect of Capsella bursa-pastoris on liver catalase activity in rats fed 3'
      methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene.

PMID- 171195
TI  - Effect of gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine hormones on the histogenesis of
      gastric cancer in rats induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine; with
      special reference to development of scirrhous gastric cancer.
AB  - One of five gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones, gastrin, serotonin, histamine,
      glucagon, and insulin, was intraperitoneally administered for a long period to
      the rats that received N-methy-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. A frequent
      development of scirrhous carcinoma was demonstrated in the group treated with
      gastrin.

PMID- 171197
TI  - Age-dependent arginine phosphokinase activity changes in male vestigial and wild
      type Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - The activity of arginine phosphokinase, an important muscle enzyme in insects,
      was investigated with age in vestigial-winged and wild-type Drosophila
      melanogaster. Identical patterns of age-dependent activity changes were observed
      in the vestigial-winged flies as in the wild-type, even though vestigial-winged
      flies exhibit a 50% mortality approximately two thirds that of the wild-type as
      well as being incapable of flight. Results indicate that the age-dependent
      changes in arginine phosphokinase activity are intrinsically regulated within the
      cells of the flight muscle.

PMID- 171198
TI  - Instability of the duration of G1 phase of Yoshida sarcoma and ascites hepatomas.
AB  - The durations and coefficients  of variance of G1, S and G2 phase were obtained
      for 8 cell lines of ascites tumours originated from hepatomas in rats, and these
      were compared. Although changes in the durations of S and G2 phases were small,
      the duration of G1 phase increased with the cell cycle time. The coefficient of
      variance of G1 phase was larger than that of S and G2 phases, most remarkedly at
      short cycle time. It was concluded that the G1 phase is the most unstable as well
      as the most variable in its duration.

PMID- 171199
TI  - Paget's disease of the vulva.

PMID- 171200
TI  - [A successful treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in infancy with Gaviscon].

PMID- 171201
TI  - [Selective pancreatic angiography and retrograde pancreatic cholangiography as a
      combined examination].
AB  - The diagnostic value of selective pancreatic angiography and retrograde
      pancreatic cholangiography used in combination was studied in 24 patients with
      chronic pancreatitis or pancreatico-duodenal carcinomas. This was done as a
      prospective study. The accuracy of the individual methods is 75% and 79%
      respectively; used in combination, a correct diagnosis is obtained in 91% of
      cases. The advantage of combining the techniques depends on the fact that they
      supplement each other.

PMID- 171202
TI  - [Computerized axial tomography of the skull - diagnostic possibilities and
      clinical results (author's transl)].
AB  - Computerized axial tomography is a new method of tissue examination with x-rays
      whereby a picture can be produced which is a representation of a slice of the
      skull. This is done by irradiating the skull from 180 or 225 incremental angles
      and measuring the absorption at each of these angles. Then with the aid of a
      computer a tomogram is produced which can be displayed on a screen. These
      tomograms are representations of a cross-section of the skull composed of 160 X
      160 points showing the various intracranial structures with great detail. The
      present study demonstrates the diagnostic possibilities of the high definition
      matrix with reference to brain disorders in a large sample of patients for the
      first time. Some tumours are shown as areas of decreased absorption compared with
      normal brain tissue. Others, however, have been found to have higher absorption
      values. With glioblastomas very contrasting pictures are produced with coexistng
      areas of decreased, increased and similar values to brain tissue. The most
      important finding is the visualization of brain oedema which appears as a low
      density area. A grading system of brain oedemas is proposed. The brain oedema
      associated with tumours has been found to propagate mainly in the white matter
      producing finger-like shapes. Out of 209 intracranial tumours 203 were recognized
      in the plain scan, a further five after contrast enhancement. In patients who
      have suffered from a stroke the differentiation between haemorrhage and
      infarction is made simple due to the contrasting appearance between the two types
      of lesion. Location, size and propagation direction of a haematoma as well as
      rupture of a haemorrhage into the ventricular system can be defined exactly. With
      brain infarction the hypoxically damaged tissue is well delineated and readily
      attributable to a given vascular area. In head injuries, for the first time it is
      possible to differentiate brain contusion with oedema from intracerebral
      haematoma. Coup and contre-coup are demonstrated. All types of acute intracranial
      haematomas may be diagnosed easily. With chronic subdural haematomas the new
      method fails if the contents of the haematoma shows the same absorption values as
      brain tissue. Late sequelae of head trauma such as contusion defects and necrosis
      of tissue after oedema can be seen in the tomogram. With infantile hydrocephalus,
      subdural effusions and malformations of the brain, computerized axial tomography
      offers a complete diagnosis so that other invasive, neuroradiological
      investigations may be avoided. Orbital tumors are picked out with great clarity.
      The high definition matrix allows the demonstration of the optic nerve, the lense
      and the suspension of the eyeball. Without doubt in the coming years computerized
      axial tomography will play a dominant role in the diagnosis of brain disorders.

PMID- 171203
TI  - [Carcinomas of the pancreas, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts and duodenal
      papilla. A statistical observation of 137 autopsy cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 171204
TI  - In vitro studies of calcitonin release in man.
AB  - The influence of various agents on calcitonin release from human thyroid was
      studied in vitro. Under the condition of this investigation, calcium, magnesium
      and phosphate did not stimulate calcitonin release from short-term incubated
      slices of human thyroid. However, pentagastrin and USP glucagon were potent
      stimulators of calcitonin release. Theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP were
      also potent stimuli. A highly purified preparation of pancreatic glucagon was
      without an effect. Those agents which stimulated calcitonin release were
      associated with augmented cyclic AMP accumulation. Although maximal discharge of
      calcitonin required the presence of calcium, out in vitro experiments raise the
      question as to whether a gastrointestinal hormone, rather than calcium, might not
      be the principal agent affecting calcitonin release.

PMID- 171205
TI  - Strong heat exposure and adenohypophyseal hormone secretion in man.

PMID- 171206
TI  - Primary tissue culture of normal adult human decapsulated adrenal cortex:
      radioautographic studies on the metabolic effects of ACTH1-24.
AB  - ACTH-deprived primary normal adult human adrenocortical cells on the 23rd day in
      vitro were found to lack any DNA synthetic and proliferative activity, but
      incorporated uridine-3H and 1-leucine-3H actively. In cortical cells of the same
      age treated for 2 and 7 days with ACTH1-24 (3 X 10(-6) M) the incorporation of
      the precursors for RNA and DNA synthesis and the cell proliferation were found to
      be markedly stimulated. The apparent uptake of leucine-3H was instead reduced in
      2-day and, less still, in 7-day treated cells. In parallel with ultrastructural
      studies, these data suggest that ACTH orderly activates the template activity of
      chromatin while eliciting the differentiation and hypertrophy of human
      adrenocortical cells.

PMID- 171207
TI  - Proceedings: Rat liver mitochondrial enzyme activities and ion translocations as
      affected by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and hypophysectomy.

PMID- 171208
TI  - Proceedings: Cultures of cells derived from the nervous system: characterization
      of ATPase activities.

PMID- 171209
TI  - [Proceedings: Characterization of virus induced proteins in SV40 infected primary
      monkey cells].

PMID- 171210
TI  - Electron spin resonance studies on the lipid-protein interaction between
      cardiolipin and anti-cardiolipin antibodies.
AB  - Electron spin resonance measurements were performed in order to investigate the
      influence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies on cardiolipin-containing liposomes. The
      physical state of the lipid structures and the alterations caused by the
      interaction with specific antibody were determined by measuring the freedom of
      motion of spin-labeled stearic acid derivatives incorporated into the lipid
      structures. The interaction of the cardiolipin-containing liposomes with the anti
      cardiolipin antibodies reduced the mobility of the spin-labeled stearic acid
      probe I (12, 3), whose nitroxide group is assumed to be located near the polar
      region of the lipid bilayer. The restricted mobility, which qualitatively
      resembles the interaction of cardiolipin liposomes with calcium ions, is probably
      the result of a tighter packing of the polar groups in their crystalline array.
      The binding sites of the cardiolipin structures for anti-cardiolipin antibodies
      and Ca2 ions seem to be identical. As indicated by the spin-labeled stearic acid
      probe I (1, 14), the apolar region of the lipid bilayer is not affected by the
      interaction of the cardiolipin-containing liposomes with the anti-cardiolipin
      antibodies.

PMID- 171211
TI  - [Isolation and separation of nucleic acids from Streptomyces hydrogenans
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Different methods for homogenization of cells of Streptomyces hydrogenans, for
      extraction of nucleic acids and for fractionation of the RNA and DNA obtained
      were critically examined. The only way to prepare high molecular weight rapidly
      labelled RNA and polysomes was to grind freeze-dried cells together with
      kieselguhr with a mortar and pestle. The best results for extraction of nucleic
      acids from the cell homogenate were obtained in the presence of diethyl
      pyrocarbonate (diethyl oxydiformate), yielding nucleic acids of considerable
      purity in a minimal amount of time. The best resolution of extracted nucleic
      acids was achieved by electrophoresis in 2% agarose acrylamide gels. This
      technique proved that during the cell homogenization and extraction procedure the
      bulk of nucliec acids was not degraded to low molecular weight material. An
      improved device for the registration of the profile of the absorption after gel
      electrophoresis is described.

PMID- 171212
TI  - Purification and characterization of neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens.
AB  - Clostridium perfringens cells were cultivated on a large scale using an automatic
      system. Neuraminidase secreted by the cells into the culture medium was purified
      380 000-fold by: precipitation with ammonium sulfate between 50 and 85%
      saturation, filtration on Sephadex G-75, electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel,
      and by isoelectric focusing. Three enzyme fractions with different migration
      rates were obtained by preparative disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel,
      and five fractions with isoelectric points between pH 4.7 and 5.4 were observed
      after isoelectric focusing. This microheterogeneity disappeared after
      denaturation of the enzyme in 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate or 8M urea. The
      isoelectric point of the denatured enzyme corresponded to pH 4.3. All enzyme
      fractions were identical with regard to their immunological and kinetic
      properties; they had the same molecular weights. The origin of the different
      "conformers" of neuraminidase is discussed. The existence of genuine isoenzymes
      could largely be excluded. The yield of neuraminidase was 65%, which corresponded
      to about 10 mg of pure enzyme from 100 l of culture medium. The enzyme was free
      of protease and various other glycosidase activities. The neuraminidase
      preparation appeared not to be contaminated by other proteins as judged by
      electrophoretic analysis using either the native enzyme or the enzyme denatured
      by sodium dodecylsulfate or urea; ultracentrifugation; chromatography on Sephadex
      G-200; and immunological methods. The molecular weights of the native or
      denatured enzyme were found to be in the range between 60 000 and 69 000 (on an
      average 63 750) using four independent methods. The existence of subunits of
      neuraminidase was excluded. The neuraminidase exhibited a spec. act. of 580 or
      615 U/mg protein with glycopeptides from edible birds' nests or sialyllactose,
      respectively, as substrates. Additional kinetic properties and the UV-absorption
      spectrum of the enzyme are described.

PMID- 171213
TI  - [15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from human placenta, II. Steady state
      kinetics and influence of prostaglandin F2alpha analogues (author's transl)].
AB  - A complete initial rate analysis of the forward reaction catalyzed by 15
      hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from human term placenta was carried out at pH
      7.4 (100mM triethanolamine) with the substrates NAD, and the prostaglandins E1,
      E2 and F2alpha. The limiting Michaelis constants, the dissociation constants, and
      the limiting maximum velocities for these substrates were calculated by fitting
      the obtained data by weighted linear regression analysis to the complete rate
      equation. The product inhibition of the reaction by NADH and 15-oxoprostaglandin
      was studied and the inhibition constants were graphically determined. The initial
      rate and inhibition patterns obtained indicate that the reaction follows
      kinetically an ordered Bi Bi mechanism. The prostaglandin F2alpha analogues ICI
      81,008 and ICI 79,939 were not utilized by the enzyme. With ICI 81,008 a slight
      inhibition of the enzymatic reaction with prostaglandin F2alpha was observed,
      whereas ICI 79,939 showed no effect. The results are discussed with respect to
      their possible biological significance.

PMID- 171214
TI  - The fine structure of so-called minute pulmonary chemodectomas.
AB  - Electron microscopy was performed on several minute tumors of the type called
      chemodectomas, all from the lung of a single patient. The cells had a whorling
      pattern with extensive interdigitating cytoplasmic processes joined by
      desmosomes. Except for tangles of cytoplasmic fibrils, the tumor cells had few
      distinctive organelles. They had no endocrine-like granules and were not
      associated with nerves or basement membranes. The tumors had little resemblance
      to paragangliomas, but displayed a puzzling similarity to meningiomas. Our
      observations permit no definite conclusions as to the histogenesis of these lung
      tumors. Viewed in the light of recent physiologic studies, they cast doubt on the
      presence of special chemoreceptive paraganglia in the lung.

PMID- 171215
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of I-cell disease.
AB  - A pregnancy from a family in risk of I-cell disease was monitored. The fetus was
      diagnosed as having I-cell disease based on the findings that (1) lysosomal
      enzyme activities except for acid phosphatase and alpha glucosidase were clearly
      elevated in amniotic fluid and were reduced in cultivated amniotic fluid cells,
      and (2) cytoplasmic inclusions were seen in cultivated amniotic cells by phase
      contrast microscopy. The accuracy of prediction was confirmed by cultured skin
      fibroblast of the aborted fetus.

PMID- 171216
TI  - Carcinoma of the male breast.

PMID- 171217
TI  - Levo-dopa in patients with post-encephalitic mental and extrapyramidal disorders.

PMID- 171218
TI  - Wilms' tumour. A study of 15 cases.

PMID- 171219
TI  - Malignant abdominal tumours in children.

PMID- 171220
TI  - [Studies on the glucocorticoid control of zinc metabolism].
AB  - In the present paper a possible connection between ACTH stress, cortisol release
      and serum zinc level is studied. It could be shown that under ACTH stress the
      reaction of cortisol release is physiological, whereas the zinc level in serum
      decreases significantly. These reactions recur under insulin stress in a weaker
      form. On the basis of these results a possible connection between stress
      situations and hypozincemia was discussed. At the same time a possible
      misinterpretation with regard to a general zinc deficiency under the condition of
      a reduced serum zinc level in stress situations is pointed out. In accordance
      with other authors it can, however, be said that the zinc metabolism probably
      depends on glucocorticoidal controls.

PMID- 171221
TI  - Immunisation trials with live attenuated cytomegalovirus TOWNE 125.
AB  - Trials with live cytomegalovirus (TOWNE 125 strain), which was attenuated by 125
      passages exclusively on WI-38 cells, were done in adult volunteers. No virus take
      occured after oral/nasal application. When 10(3) TCD50 was given intramuscularly
      an IgG antibody response was detected at four weeks in all of ten volunteers
      tested by immunofluorescence; an IgM response was found in seven. Only mild local
      side-effects and relative lymphocytosis were observed. No virus excretion was
      found. Many questions remain to be answered by further trials before a
      cytomegalovirus vaccine can be given to adolescent girls.

PMID- 171222
TI  - Information basis for the treatment of urinary tract infections.

PMID- 171223
TI  - Pathogenicity of entamoeba histolytica.
AB  - The pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica is discussed from an immunologic point
      of view. The evidence that there is some "trigger" mechanism which converts a
      commensal dwelling organism into a tissue invasive pathogen is rejected as
      inadequate. The number of liver abscess cases in comparison with the number of
      intestinal amebic infections in a population is so low that this in itself
      suggests that tissue invasion is a rare event in the life history of the ameba. A
      review is made of the experimental evidence that some type of sensitization is
      necessary before ameba can invade tissue. In postulating an immunologic basis for
      the pathogenicity of ameba, a parallel between the behavior of malignant cells in
      the body and an amebic infection in the gut is made. An appealing hypothesis
      which deserves further research effort is that an altered immune response is the
      basis for the pathogenic mechanism in the host.

PMID- 171224
TI  - Adjuvant activity of the histamine-sensitizing factor of Bordetella pertussis in
      different strains of mice.
AB  - The effect of an extract of histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella
      pertussis on the immune response of different strains of mice to ovalbumin (OA)
      was investigated with regard to optimal dose of antigen and adjuvant. It was
      observed that all strains of mice treated with HSF during immunization with OA
      demonstrated enhanced production of hemagglutinating antibodies, as compared to
      animals treated with antigen alone. This enhancement was generally not as great
      as that demonstrated when Al(OH)3 was the adjuvant. HSF also stimulated a
      reaginic antibody response (IgE) to OA, but not in all strains of mice. In reagin
      responders optimal responses were observed with high doses of both antigen and
      adjuvant, whereas low doses of both produced little or no response. Maximal
      reagin production occurred usually 14-28 days after immunization and persisted
      for long periods of time. An anamnestic reagin response was elicited upon
      secondary immunization with antigen alone, not only in mice immunized with OA and
      HSF but also in animals treated with OA alone. These studies demonstrate the
      profound effect that a microbial substance such as HSF can have on reaginic
      antibody production and suggest that the stimulation of IgE antibody production
      is the net result of a number of factors including genetic capabilities of the
      host, environmental influence such as adjuvants, and prior exposure to an
      antigen.

PMID- 171225
TI  - Effect of exogenous cyclic AMP and other adenine nucleotides on neutrophil
      chemotaxis and motility.
AB  - Cyclic AMP placed in the bottom of the modified Boyden chemotaxis chamber is
      weakly chemotactic for rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. Dibutyryl-cyclic AMP under
      similar conditions gives a biphasic response, being weakly chemotactic at low
      concentrations and inhibiting cell movement at higher concentrations. When mixed
      with the cells in the upper compartment of the chemotaxis chamber, cyclic AMP and
      dibutyryl-cyclic AMP enhance neutrophil spontaneous motility; on the other hand,
      dibutyryl-cyclic AMP mixed with the cells in the upper compartment consistently
      inhibits neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness, while cyclic AMP has a variable
      effect on chemotaxis. The effect of ADP and ATP was to inhibit chemotaxis and
      spontaneous motility. AMP is totally without effect.

PMID- 171227
TI  - Colcemid-induced polyploidy and aneuploidy in normal and tumour cells in vitro.
AB  - The frequency of colcemid-induced genome mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy) in
      normal and SV40-transformed cultures of Djungarian hamster embryonic cells was
      studied. Genome mutations were easily induced by the drug in transformed but not
      in normal cultures. Elevation of colcemid concentration and prolongation of the
      incubation period did not substantially increase the frequency of genome
      mutations in normal cells. An attempt was made to study the causes of the
      differences in sensitivity to colcemid-mutagenicity of normal and transformed
      cells. Transformed cells did not include more 3H-colchicine than normal cells,
      and binding of the drug to cell homogenates was similar in both kinds of
      cultures. According to these data the higher sensitivity of transformed cells to
      colcemid is not connected either with increased permeability of the cell to the
      drug or with changes in its binding to tubulin.

PMID- 171226
TI  - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. IX. Antibodies to EBNA and correlation with response to
      other ebv antigens in chinese patients.
AB  - Ninety-five sera from Chinese NPC patients in different stages of the disease, 38
      sera from Chinese patients with other cancers, and 50 normal Chinese sera, were
      titrated for EBNA, VCA, EA and complement-fixing (CF/S) EBV-specific antibodies.
      The geometric mean (GMT) EBNA antibody titre of patients with NPC at stage I was
      found to be four times higher than that of normal individuals and increased in
      parallel with clinical deterioration. Antibody titres against EBNA did not
      correlate with either VCA or EA antibodies but, in general, correlated with CF/S
      antibodies. EA antibodies correlated relatively well with VCA antibodies and
      discriminated better than EBNA titre between NPC at stage I and controls.

PMID- 171228
TI  - Interactions between endogenous baboon type-C virus and oncogenic viruses. I.
      Syncytium induction and development of infectivity assay.
AB  - Cells releasing the endogenous baboon virus (BV) can interact with human KC cells
      containing the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genome, resulting in cell fusion and
      syncytium formation. This interaction has been utilized in the development of a
      sensitive infectivity assay for BV. The titration pattern is of a one-hit type,
      demonstrating a linear relationship between virus concentration and number of
      syncytial plaques obtained in the KC co-cultivation assay. Endpoint titration
      comparisons indicate that the KC test is as sensitive as the immunofluorescence
      or the RNA-directed DNA-polymerase assays. Attempts to develop an XC test for BV
      failed, indicating that while BV can interact with the RSV genome it will do so
      in the human KC cells and not in the rat XC cells. Syncytia are also induced when
      KC cells are directly exposed to cell-free BV; however, a linear dose
      relationship is not obtained. When syncytium-positive KC cultures are passaged,
      the syncytia disappear and a chronic BV infection is established. These KC-BV
      cells then lose the ability to interact with either the endogenous cat RD-114
      virus or the Mason-Pfizer virus which are known to form syncytia with KC cells.

PMID- 171229
TI  - Characterization of non-producer human cells induced by Kirsten sarcoma virus.
AB  - Non-producer (NP) human cells induced by the Kirsten sarcoma virus were
      characterized. These morphologically altered NP cells produced neither infectious
      virus nor complement-fixing antigens of the murine sarcoma-leukemia virus
      complex. The NP cells did not release RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and type-C
      virus particles with a density of approximately 1.15 g/ml in sucrose gradients by
      3H-uridine labelling. The NP cells produced tumors when transplanted
      subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. The tumor cells re-established in culture
      resembled the orginal NP cells, were confirmed as human cells by karyological
      analysis and were also found to be "non-producer". The sarcoma virus genome in NP
      cells could be rescued not only by co-cultivation with "helper virus"-releasing
      cells but also by superinfection with helper type-C viruses. Murine (Rauscher, Ki
      MuLV, AT-124 and two other xenotropic viruses), feline, RD-114 and Simian (woolly
      monkey and baboon) type-C viruses possessed the ability to rescue the sarcoma
      genome from NP cells but not AKR leukemia virus. In addition, the feline leukemia
      virus titer obtained by the rescuing technique in NP cells was the same as those
      obtained in feline embryo and NP cells by CF induction assay.

PMID- 171230
TI  - Popper's philosophy for epidemiologists.
AB  - This paper discusses the application of Popper's philosophy to epidemiological
      research, examining in particular the problems of replication without risk of
      refutation, of mistaking statistical sophistication for deductive inference, and
      of dealing with causality at a general level. An example is given of a Popperian
      approach to the test of a causal hypothesis concerning cancer of the cervix.

PMID- 171231
TI  - Letter: An in situ radiolysis e.s.r. study of Flagyl.

PMID- 171232
TI  - Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells of rats after head irradiation.
AB  - The heads of intact rats and of rats 15 days after adrenalectomy were irradiated
      with 1200 R. Some of the adrenalectomized animals with irradiated heads were
      treated with 5 mg of deoxycorticosterone acetate. In adrenocorticotropic cells of
      adrenalectomized rats 15 and 30 days after irradiation, the decreased amount of
      the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi regression imply a considerably
      decreased protein synthesis. The finding of an increased number of granules and
      of granules larger than normal suggests that they are the result of slowed down
      transport and secretion of the products of these cells' activities. After head
      irradiation an increased number of degenerative cells was evident in the
      pituitary of both intact and adrenalectomized rats. The degree of the
      degenerative changes and the number of degenerative cells was higher 30 than 15
      days after irradiation and both were decreased if the adrenalectomized rats were
      treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate.

PMID- 171233
TI  - [Biochemical regulation of states of vigilance].

PMID- 171234
TI  - Withdrawal of the paradoxal sleep by the clomipramine, electrophysiological,
      histochemical and biochemical study.

PMID- 171235
TI  - In vivo characteristics of temperature-sensitive host range mutants of herpes
      simplex virus type 2.
AB  - The in vivo properties of four host range temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of
      herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were correlated with known in vitro
      characteristics. Mutants and parental virus were inoculated into newborn and
      weanling mice and weanling hamsters by intracranial and subcutaneous routes, and
      into weanling rabbits by corneal scarification. In all cases the pattern of
      attenuation of mutants in vivo correlated with their stability in vitro at 39
      degrees. The most attenuated mutant (mutant 69) was also the most consistent in
      its inability to induce cytopathic effects (CPE) in vitro or to replicate under
      nonpermissive conditions. Conversely, the most virulent mutant (mutant 41) was
      the least stable under nonpermissive conditions.

PMID- 171236
TI  - Heterogeneity of surface antigens on endogenous type C virus-producing cell
      sublines derived from a clonal line of BALB/3T3 cells.
AB  - When viral envelope antigens (VEAs) and virus-associated cell surface antigens
      (CSAs) are used as markers of type C viruses, more heterogeneity of virus
      populations can be demonstrated than by using host range alone. In the present
      study, four CSAs (PC1, X.1, GCSA, and MEV-SA1) and three VEAs (xVEA, x1-VEA, and
      sub-gsVEA) were used as markers of virus populations present in various sublines
      of the BALB/c embryonic fibroblast BALB/3T3 clone A31 line. Of four spontaneously
      transformed sublines, two released N-tropic endogenous type C viruses
      spontaneously after long-term culture and each had distinct antigenic patterns.
      Treatment with 5-bromodoxyuridine (BrdU) resulted in the detection of X-tropic
      viruses in all four sublines. The expression of these X-tropic viruses was
      associated with two different antigenic patterns. When the clonal rabbit corneal
      SIRC cell line was infected with the X-tropic viruses obtained after BrdU
      treatment, the cells acquired detectable amounts of only one of the antigenic
      markers.

PMID- 171237
TI  - Effects of reserpine, chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline on urinary
      excretion of adenosine 3' 5' cyclic monophosphate in rats.

PMID- 171238
TI  - [Editorial: New findings on cytomegalovirus infection].

PMID- 171239
TI  - The effect of alpha1-24-corticotropin on growth hormone release in prepubertal
      children.
AB  - The effect of alpha1-24-corticotropin-Zn on the results of pituitary stimulation
      tests (moderate standardized physical exercise, arginine infusion, insulin
      induced hypoglycemia) was studied in 27 prepubertal children with non-endocrine
      retardation of growth and development. After administration of 1 mg alpha1-24
      corticotropin, the basal blood glucose and plasma cortisol levels rose
      significantly. However, the growth hormone increase after the three stimulation
      tests was significantly lower than without the corticotropin injection. The
      results demonstrate the inhibiting effect of alpha1-24-corticotropin on growth
      hormone secretion.

PMID- 171240
TI  - Highly malignant cells with normal karyotype in G-banding.

PMID- 171241
TI  - Fine structural localization of alkaline phosphatase in the granular
      pneumonocytes of hamster lung.
AB  - The fine structural localization of nonspecific alkaline phosphatase was studied
      in the granular pneumonocytes (type II alveolar epithelial cells) of hamster lung
      by incubating sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues in a medium containing
      lead ions and sodium beta-glycerophosphate or alpha-naphthyl acid phosphate. The
      specificity of the reaction was tested by exposing the sections to inhibitors of
      alkaline phosphatase. The results showed that alkaline phosphatase activity was
      present in the inclusion bodies of granular pneumonocytes. The enzyme reaction
      was strong in the membrane lining the inclusion bodies and a weaker reaction was
      generally detectable in the inclusion contents. Although only a proportion of the
      inclusion bodies showed enzyme activity, there was no obvious correlation between
      the reactivity of the inclusions and their intracellular position or size. The
      other organelles were unreactive. The finding of alkaline phosphatase activity
      within the inclusion bodies of granular pneumonocytes is an enigma as these
      organelles are generally considered to be lyosomes.

PMID- 171242
TI  - Cytochemical correlates of structural sexual dimorphism in glandular tissues of
      the mouse. I. Studies of the renal glomerular capsule.
AB  - The parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule has been analyzed by enzyme
      cytochemistry in kidneys of mice (C57BL/6J) from birth to 50 days of age. There
      is a greater tendency for cells in the central portions of the capsular crescent
      to be cuboidal in post-pubertal males than in pre-pubertal mice of either sex or
      in post-pubertal females where they are generally squamous; moreover, these
      heightened capsular cells have a distinct microvillous border. Cytochemical
      procedures were selected which might confirm the morphological suggestion that
      the cuboidal parietal epithelium possesses an absorptive capacity. The
      oxidoreductase activity of the mitochondria of the cuboidal cells of this layer
      is comparable to that of the columnar cells of the proximal convoluted tubule.
      The cytochrome oxidase activity of the mitochondria in both of these segments of
      the nephron is intense. This is in sharp contrast to the unreactive mitochondria
      in the squamous cells of the parietal epithelium. Furthermore, a striking
      heterogeneity in the degree of cytochrome oxidase activity is evident in the
      mitochondria of the cuboidal parietal cells as well as in the cells of the
      proximal tubules. In the former cells, active mitochondria were generally found
      near microvilli at the apical ends and in the areas of the basal infoldings
      whereas those in a central position were more frequently unreactive. The brush
      border of the cuboidal capsular epithelium had prominent alkaline phosphatase and
      aminopeptidase activities as has previously been observed in other brush borders.
      Functional capacity corresponding to the morphological and cytochemical
      specialization of the cuboidal capsular cells was demonstrated by their uptake of
      horseradish peroxidase. This exogenous protein tracer could be seen in apical
      vacuoles and phagosomes in the cuboidal parietal epithelium. The cytochemical
      resemblance of the cells of this epithelium to those of the proximal convoluted
      tubules suggests a similar involvement in resorption and perhaps in active
      transport. A possible relationship of this differentiation of the capsular
      epithelium to the proteinuria normal for adult male mice is discussed.

PMID- 171243
TI  - The inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by L-p-bromotetramisole.
AB  - A levamisole analogue, the L-p-bromotetramisole is introduced as a potent
      inhibitor of non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Complete inhibition is achieved
      cytochemically at a concentration of 0.1 mM in various rat tissues except the
      intestine, which is not affected. The D-p-bromotetramisole does not influence the
      alkaline phosphatase activities. Since no effect of the inhibitor is seen on the
      activities of specific phosphatases, this drug is recommended also as an additive
      for specific phosphatase media in order to yield the specific activity only.

PMID- 171244
TI  - Electron microscopic observations on the cholesterol distributed in the
      epithelial cells of the gallbladder.
AB  - Epithelial cells of eight human gallbladders with cholesterosis were examined. In
      the supranuclear portion of the epithelial cells of one case, many spicular,
      circular and plate-like crystalline structures are present. Spicular and circular
      structures have not a limiting membrane, but plate-like structures are apparently
      bounded by a limiting membrane that clearly shows trilamellar structure. After
      digitonin treatment, the spicular and circular crystalline structures become
      denser. On the other hand, the plate-like structures do not become denser by
      digitonization. In the epithelial cells that contain no crystalline structure,
      there also occur many reaction precipitates after digitonization. These findings
      may suggest that free cholesterol is highly present in the epithelial cells of
      gallbladder with cholesterosis and that it, in some case, precipitates in the
      form of spicular or circular structure for the rapid fixation process.

PMID- 171245
TI  - Studies in lipid histochemistry. XIII. The OPA (osmiumtetroxide-periodic acid
      alpha-naphthylamine) method for the detection of apolar lipids.
AB  - A new procedure for the detection of apolar lipids is described. It is a
      modification of the OTAN method (Adams, 1959) using periodic acid which
      oxidatively removes lower osmium derivatives from polar sites only, leaving those
      in apolar lipids intact and demonstrable with alpha-naphthylamine. Control steps
      for the exclusion of the possible interference of some less polar complex lipids
      and of lipopigments are described. The described technic is superior to the
      conventionally used sudan dyes due partly to the fact that only aqueous solutions
      are employed thus excluding any extraction of lipids, partly to the more distinct
      coloration.

PMID- 171246
TI  - Effect of bredinin and its aglycone on L5178Y cells.
AB  - The aglycone of the nucleoside antibiotic, bredinin, was as strongly cytotoxic to
      L5178Y cells as bredinin. The cytotoxic properties of the aglycone were very
      similar to those of bredinin and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of both
      were 10(-5)M. The growth inhibitory effects of both agents regardless of their
      concentrations, were reversed by guanylic acid, guanosine or guanine. However, on
      increasing the concentrations of these agents, the reversing effect of guanylic
      acid decreased gradually, the dose-response curves for the two agents being
      similar. Both agents inhibited the incorporation of thymidine and uridine, but
      not leucine into macromolecules in L5178Y cells and their inhibitory effects were
      reversed to similar extents by guanylic acid. On the other hand, the growth
      inhibitory effect of the aglycone on L5178Y cells was prevented by adenine only,
      though not be adenosine or adenylic acid while the effect of bredinin was not
      prevented by adenine. These results suggest that the aglycone itself does not
      inhibit growth, but that its effect is due to its conversion to bredinin by an
      enzyme such as adenine phosphoribosyl transferase. For recovery of growth, three
      moles of adenine were required per mole of the aglycone. When the aglycone was
      administered orally to rats, bredinin was administered orally to rats, bredinin
      was recovered in their serum and urine.

PMID- 171247
TI  - Degradation of phospholipid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced by polymyxin B.
AB  - Effects of polymyxin B on the synthesis and degradation of lipid, ribonucleic
      acid (RNA) and protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. It was found
      that polymyxin B caused a marked degradation of the lipid fraction which was
      prelabeled with (3H-2)-glycerol. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis indicated
      that the main degraded lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidylglycerol, which constituted 80% and 15% of the total phospholipids of
      this organism, respectively. Polymyxin B also inhibited synthesis of RNA and
      protein in vivo. The severe inhibition of the uptake of labeled amino acids by
      polymyxin B indicated that the observed inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis
      possibly occurred at the level of substrate transports. The degradation of
      phospholipid might account for the defective membrane activities.

PMID- 171249
TI  - Carbon monoxide-induced localized toxic anoxia in the rat brain cortex.
AB  - A new method has been developed for the determination of maximal reduction of NAD
      in the rat cerebral cortex. NADH fluorescence (450 nm) induced by 366-nm light
      and UV reflectance were measured by a time-sharing light pipe fluorometer. The
      redox state of the cortical surface was altered by perfusion of oxygen or carbon
      monoxide through a Teflon chamber adjacent to the dura. This study examines
      changes caused by local perfusion with the two gases in normoxia, hypoxia, and
      anoxia. Alternation of topical carbon monoxide and oxygen becomes effective in
      altering the intracellular redox state at 15% inspired oxygen and caused 20%
      changes at zero inspired oxygen. Conversely, topical application of oxygen to the
      systemically anoxic tissue causes oxidation of reduced NAPH in the cells within
      the field of fluorometric observation equivalent to that caused by breathing
      approximately 8% oxygen systemically.

PMID- 171248
TI  - Antimicrobial agents acting against anaerobes.

PMID- 171250
TI  - Toxic neuropathy in Raipur due to triorthocresylphosphate (TOCP).

PMID- 171252
TI  - Altered hexose transport and salt sensitivity in cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate-deficient Escherichia coli.
AB  - A cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-deficient mutant strain of
      Escherichia coli K-12 was studied to determine the effect this cyclic nucleotide
      has on the overall growth and metabolism of this organism. Deficient cells were
      found to be more susceptible to growth inhibition by salts than were their cAMP
      sufficient counterparts. The deficient cells transported alpha-methylglucoside by
      passive diffusion, whereas the parental cells or mutant cells grown in the
      presence of exogenous cAMP were able to take up alpha-methylglucoside by the
      normal active transport process. When viewed together with earlier studies
      conducted on cAMP-deficient cells, these findings support the view that cAMP
      plays a key role in regulating the construction and operation of the E. coli
      membrane system.

PMID- 171251
TI  - Dicarboxylic acid transport in membrane vesicles from Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Membrane vesicles isolated from Bacillus subtilis W23 catalyze active transport
      of the C4 dicarboxylic acids L-malate, fumarate, and succinate under aerobic
      conditions in the presence of the electron donor reduced beta-nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide or the non-physiological electron donor system ascorbate
      phenazine methosulfate. The dicarboxylic acids are accumulated in unmodified
      form. Inhibitors of the respiratory chain, sulfhydryl reagents, and uncoupling
      agents inhibit the accumulation of the dicarboxylic acids. The affinity constants
      for transport of L-malate, fumarate, and succinate are 13.5, 7.5, and 4.3 muM,
      respectively; these values are severalfold lower than those reported previously
      for whole cells. Active transport of these dicarboxylic acids occurs via one
      highly specific transport system as is indicated by the following observations.
      (i) Each dicarboxylic acid inhibits the transport of the other two dicarboxylic
      acids competitively. (ii) The affinity constants determined for the inhibitory
      action are very similar to those determined for the transport process. (iii) Each
      dicarboxylic acid exchanges rapidly with a previously accumulated dicarboxylic
      acid. (iv) Other metabolically and structurally related compounds do not inhibit
      transport of these dicarboxylic acids significantly, except for L-aspartate and L
      glutamate. However, transport of these dicarboxylic amino acids is mediated by
      independent system because membrane vesicles from B. subtilis 60346, lacking
      functional dicarboxylic amino acid transport activity, accumulate the C4
      dicarboxylic acids at even higher rates than vesicles from B. subtilis W 23. (v)
      A constant ratio exists between the initial rates of transport of L-malate,
      fumarate, and succinate in all membrane vesicle preparations isolated from cells
      grown on various media. This high-affinity dicarboxylic acid transport system
      seems to be present constitutively in B. subtilis W23.

PMID- 171253
TI  - Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-activated phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxylase in Pseudomonas MA: potential regulation between carbon assimilation
      and energy production.
AB  - Comparison of enzyme activities in crude extracts of methylamine-grown
      Pseudomonas MA (ATCC 23319) to those in succinate-grown cells indicates the
      involvement of an acetyl coenzyme A-independent phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
      in one-carbon metabolism. The purified phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is
      activated specifically by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (KA = 0.2
      mM). The regulatory properties of this enzyme suggests that phosphoenolpyruvate
      serves as a focal point for both carbon assimilation and energy metabolism.

PMID- 171255
TI  - Demonstration of acid phosphatase-containing vacuoles in hyphal tip cells of
      Sclerotium rolfsii.
AB  - A lysosomal system was demonstrated in hyphal tip cells of Sclerotium rolfsii by
      light and electron microscopy observations of the sites of acid phosphatase
      activity visualized by a modified Gomori lead nitrate method. The cytochemical
      reaction product was found to be present in numerous vacuoles, each aout 0.5 mum
      in diameter, which were seen as chains of spheres when viewed with the light
      microscope. They usually did not occur in the first 30 to 40 mum of the hyphal
      tip cell, but were concentrated in a zone extending from 30 to 200 mum from the
      hyphal apex. As shown by the electron microscope, the vacuoles were sometimes
      interconnected by narrow channels. Acid phosphatase reaction product was also
      occasionally localized in vacuoles of the older hyphal cells, but never in apical
      vesicles, lipid bodies, or microbodies. It is proposed that this vacuolar system
      may orginate from the endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 171254
TI  - Identification of an outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli, with a role in
      the coordination of deoxyribonucleic acid replication and cell elongation.
AB  - Protein G of molecular weight 15,000 is the fourth commonest protein in the outer
      membrane of Escherichia coli B/r. From experiments described here on the
      relationship of protein G production to cell elongation and septation, the
      hypothesis is proposed that protein G is a structural protein of cell elongation.
      Furthermore, a surplus of protein G is produced when deoxyribonucleic acid
      synthesis is arrested and septation is thereby prevented. Thus protein G may be
      an important coordination protein in E. coli for integration of deoxyribonucleic
      acid synthesis, cell envelope elongation, and septation. Inhibition of normal
      cell elongation in a rod configuration in E. coli B/r by the novel
      amidinopenicillanic acid FL1060 was accompanied by changes in the rate of
      appearance of protein G  and several other outer membrane proteins. The rate of
      appearance of protein G decreased some 70% within 60 min, in parallel with
      termination of rounds of normal cell elongation. Filament-inducing concentrations
      of nalidixic acid increased dramatically the rate of appearance of protein G.
      After 30 min a plateau level some 250% higher than the control value was reached.
      Similar kinetics were observed in parallel with filament formation induced by
      incubation of a dnaB mutant of E. coli at the nonpermissive temperature. No
      change in the rate of appearance of protein G was observed during cephalexin- or
      benzylpenicillin-induced filament formation, indicating that increased protein G
      production was not a secondary consequence of filamentation. Cells treated with
      FL1060 lost their ability to be induced for protein G formation, with nalidixic
      acid, in parallel with their loss of ability to initiate rounds of normal cell
      elongation. A pulse-chase experiment demonstrated that the protein G appearing in
      the outer membrane as a consequence of inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid
      synthesis was the result of de novo synthesis rather than of interconversion from
      previously synthesized protein species. A preliminary characterization of protein
      G revealed several similarities with the well-characterized lipoprotein of the
      outer membrane of E. coli. A comparison of the incorporation of several 14C
      labeled amino acids into protein G and the lipoprotein revealed substantial
      differences, however, perhaps ruling out a simple relationship between these two
      proteins.

PMID- 171256
TI  - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. Cytoplasmic mutants of
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae with lesions in enzymes of the respiratory chain and in
      the mitochondrial ATPase.
AB  - Mutants of Saccharomyces cervisiae with defects in enzymes of the electron
      transfer chain and in the rutamycin-sensitive ATPase have been isolated. Some of
      the mutants are specifically affected in either cytochrome oxidase, coenzyme QH2
      cytochrome c reductase or ATPase. Other strains are deficient in both cytochrome
      oxidase and coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase but still have rutamycin
      sensitive ATPase. All the mutants reported in this study fail to be complemented
      by a rho0 tester derived from a respiratory competent strain. The meiotic spore
      progeny obtained by mating the mutants to a respiratory competent haploid yeast,
      when scored for growth on glycerol, show a non-Mendelian segregation of the
      phenotype. These two genetic tests indicate the mutations to be cytoplasmically
      inherited.

PMID- 171257
TI  - Insulin-induced reduction of membrane receptor concentrations in isolated fat
      cells and lymphocytes. Independence from receptor occupation and possible
      relation to proteolytic activity of insulin.
AB  - Incubation of cultured human lymphocytes or isolated rat fat cells at 37 degrees
      with insulin results in a time-dependent fall in the ability of the thoroughly
      washed cells to bind 125I-labeled insulin. Although this effect is dependent on
      the concentration of insulin used in the preincubation period, the concentration
      dependence pattern varies directly with the length of this incubation, and
      kinetically (i.e. at early times) it is virtually impossible to demonstrate
      saturability with respect to insulin concentration. Significant effects are
      demonstrable at very early times (e.g. 1 to 3 hours) provided sufficiently high
      insulin concentration (i.e. 5 mug/ml or more) are used...

PMID- 171258
TI  - Structural analyses of mammalian ribosomal ribonucleic acid and its precursors.
      Nucleotide sequence of ribosomal 5.8 S ribonucleic acid.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of ribosomal 5.8 S RNA (also known as 7 S or 5.5 S rRNA)
      from Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells has been determined to be (see article).
      Estimations of the secondary structure based upon maximized base pairing and the
      fragments of partial ribonuclease digestion indicate that there may be five base
      paired regions in the molecule, three forming a folding of the termini and two
      forming secondary hairpin loops. The sequence of Novikoff hepatoma 5.8 S rRNA is
      about 75% homologous with that of yeast 5.8 S rRNA (Rubin, G.M. (1973) J. Biol.
      Chem. 248, 3860-3875) and similar models for secondary structure are proposed.
      Both models contain a very stable G-C rich hairpin loop (residues 116 to 138), a
      less stable A-U-rich hairpin loop (residues 64 to 91) and two symmetrical bulges
      (residues 15 to 25 and 40 to 44).

PMID- 171259
TI  - Arrangement of the subunits in solubilized and membrane-bound cytochrome c
      oxidase from bovine heart.
AB  - The arrangement of the six cytochrome c oxidase subunits in the inner membrane of
      bovine heart mitochondria was investigated. The experiments were carried out in
      three steps. In the first step, exposed subunits were coupled to the membrane
      impermeant reagent p-diazonium benzene [32S]sulfonate. In the second step, the
      membranes were lysed with cholate anc cytochrome c oxidase was isolated by
      immunoprecipitation. In the third step, the six cytochrome c oxidase subunits
      were separated from each other by dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and scanned for radioactivity. Exposed subunits on the outer side of the
      mitochondrial inner membrane were identified by labeling intact mitochondria.
      Exposed subunits on the matrix side of the inner membrane were identified by
      labeling sonically prepared submitochondrial particles in which the matrix side
      of the inner membrane is exposed to the suspending medium. Since sonic
      irradiation leads to a rearrangement of cytochrome c oxidase in a large fraction
      of the resulting submitochondrial particles, an immunochemical procedure was
      developed for isolating particles with a low content of displaced cytochrome c
      oxidase. With mitochondria, subunits II, V, and VI were labeled, whereas in
      purified submitochondrial particles most of the label was in subunit III. The
      arrangement of cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial inner membrane is thus
      transmembraneous and asymmetric; subunits II, V, and VI are situated on the outer
      side, subunit III is situated on the matrix side, and subunits I and IV are
      buried in the interior of the membrane. In a study of purified cytochrome c
      oxidase labeled with p-diazonium benzene [32S]sulfonate, the results were similar
      to those obtained with the membrane-bound enzyme. Subunits I and IV were
      inaccessible to the reagent, whereas the other four subunits were accessible. In
      contrast, all six subunits became labeled if the enzyme was dissociated with
      dodecyl sulfate before being exposed to the labeling reagent.

PMID- 171260
TI  - Interaction of human plasma low density lipoprotein with concanavalin A and with
      ricin.
AB  - Native human plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) interacts with concanavalin A
      but not with ricin; apOLDL reacts with both lectins. Each reaction is inhibited
      by the appropriate lectin-specific carbohydrate. The "receptors" on LDL for these
      two lectins are not destroyed by digestion by proteolytic enzymes. Peptide
      hydrolysis does not influence the reactivity of LDL toward concanavalin A. It
      does, however, substantially enhance the ability of the lipoprotein to interact
      with ricin. The data strongly suggest that the carbohydrate protion of a
      glycoprotein component of LDL is bound at the saccharidespecific active site on
      the lectin.

PMID- 171261
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase
      from Propionibacterium shermanii.
AB  - A pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (pyrophosphate; D-fructose-6
      phosphate-1-phosphotransferase) has been purified and characterized from extracts
      of Propionibacterium shermanii. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of phosphate
      from pyrophosphate to fructose 6-phosphate to yield fructose-1,6-P2 and
      phosphate. This unique enzymatic activity was observed initially in Entamoeba
      histolytica (Reeves, R.E., South, D.J., Blytt, H.G., and Warren, L. G. (1974) J.
      Biol. Chem. 249, 7734-7741). This is the third pyrophosphate-utilizing enzyme
      that these two diverse organisms have in common. The others are
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxytransphosphorylase and pyruvate phosphate dikinase.
      The PPi-phosphofructokinase from P. shermanii is specific for fructose-6-P and
      fructose-1,6-P2, no other phosphorylated sugars were utilized. Phosphate could be
      replaced by arsenate. The Km values are: phosphate, 6.0 X 10(-4) M; fructose-1, 6
      P2, 5.1 X 10(-5) M; pyrophosphate, 6.9 X 10(-5) M; and fructose-6-P, 1.0 X 10(-4)
      M. The S20w is 5.1 S. The molecular weight of the native enzyme is 95,000. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis of the enzyme showed a single band migrating with
      an Rf corresponding to a molecular weight of 48,000. Extracts of P. shermanii
      have PPi-phosphofructokinase activity approximately 6 times greater than ATP
      phosphofructokinase and 15 to 20 times greater than fructose diphosphatase
      activities. It is proposed that (a) PPi may replace ATP in the formation of
      fructose-1-6-P2 when the organism is grown on glucose and (b) when the organism
      is grown on lactate or glycerol the conversion of fructose-1,6-P2 to fructose-6-P
      during gluconeogenesis may occur by phosphorolysis rather than hydrolysis.

PMID- 171262
TI  - Steroid-protein interactions. Stopped flow fluorescence studies of the
      interaction between steroid hormones and progesterone-binding globulin.
AB  - Stopped flow fluorometry, measuring changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of
      progesterone-binding globulin (PBG), was used to determine the association and
      dissociation rates of the interaction of PBG with seven delta4-3-ketosteroids.
      The rates of formation and dissociation of the PBG-progesterone complex were
      measured as a function of concentration and temperature. At 20 degrees, kon = 8.7
      X 10(7) M-1 S-1 and koff = 0.060 S-1. The association rate constants for
      progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, testosterone, testosterone acetate, and
      medrogestone were found to be the same within experimental error. The different
      affinities of PBG for these steroids result from the dissociation rate constants
      of the steroids which ranged from 0.43 S-1 for testosterone to 0.024 S-1 for
      medrogestone. Two corticosteroids, corticosterone and cortisol, were both bound
      somewhat more slowly (approximately 5 X 10(7) M-1 S-1). Reflecting their very low
      affinity for PBG both steroids dissociate very rapidly: corticosterone at 1.4 S-1
      and cortisol at 90 S-1. The ratio of association to dissociation rate constants
      gave affinity constants in agreement with independently determined constants.

PMID- 171263
TI  - Mechanism of action of uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase. Evidence for a
      second reversible dehydrogenation step involving an essential thiol group.
AB  - Although the enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase from beef liver (E.C. 1.1.1.22) is
      known to abstract the pro-R hydrogen stereospecifically at carbon 6 of the
      glucose moiety of the substrate by a reversible step in converting UDP-glucose to
      UDP-alpha-D-gluco-hexodialdose (UDP-Glc-6-CHO), prolonged incubation of the
      enzyme with UDP-glucose and tritium-labeled NADH, under conditions favoring
      hydrogen exchange between the two, results in equivalent labeling of both
      hydrogens at carbon 6. This shows that the pro-S hydrogen at carbon 6 is also
      abstracted by a reversible process which must then involve a derivative of the
      carboxyl group of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) that is capable of reversible
      hydrogenation-dehydrogenation. It is the hydrolysis of this derivative that
      accounts for the well known irreversibility of the overall reaction.
      Derivatization of the enzyme's essential thiol group with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2
      nitrobenzoate) eliminates the ability of the enzyme to either oxidize or reduce
      UDP-Glc-6-CHO. Replacement of the 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate group with cyanide fully
      restores the enzyme's capacity to reduce UDP-Glc-6-CHO but has no effect on the
      inhibition of the oxidation to UDP-GlcUA. This indicates that the essential thiol
      group is involved in the second reversible dehydrogenation step and serves to
      form a thiol ester with the carboxyl of the product, UDP-GlcUA. It is suggested
      that thiol ester intermediates are a general characteristic of all 4-electron NAD
      linked dehydrogenase reactions.

PMID- 171264
TI  - Identification of an essential lysine in porcine heart mitochondrial malate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The reversible inactivation of porcine heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase
      by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate yields an irreversible modification upon sodium
      borohydride reduction. A 200-fold molar excess of pyridoxal-5'-P over enzyme
      results in inactivation to the extent of 54%, and incorporation of 5.7 mol of
      inactivator per mol of enzyme. The same inactivation carried out in the presence
      of 80 mM coenzyme, NADH, produces malate dehydrogenase which is approximately 94%
      active and contains 4.6 mol of pyridoxal-5'-P per mol of enzyme. The
      incorporation difference between inactivated and protected samples suggests, for
      total inactivation, the modification of 2 residues per mol of enzyme (i.e. 1
      residue per subunit, or 1 per enzymatic active site). This specificity was
      confirmed by the isolation of a single pyridoxyl-5'-P-labeled "difference
      peptide" obtained by comparison of the Dowex 1-X2 elution profiles of tryptic
      digests of protected and inactivated samples, respectively. Amino acid analysis
      of the peptide demonstrated the presence of N6-pyridoxyl-L-lysine (Lys(Pyx)),
      establishing the existence of an essential lysing residue in the active center of
      malate dehydrogenase. The amino acid sequence of the active center hexapeptide
      has been determined to be: H2NLys(Pyx)Pro-Gly-Met-Thr-Arg-COOH.

PMID- 171265
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reduction
      by the use of analogs of the coenzyme.
AB  - A series of 17 analogs of 5'-deoxy-5'-adenosylcobalamin(adenosylcobalamin) have
      been synthesized with modifications in the base or ribose moiety of the
      nucleoside ligand. These analogs have been examined for their effects on
      reactions catalyzed by the ribonucleotide reductase of Lactobacillus leichmannii.
      All the analogs are inhibitors of ATP reduction in the presence of
      adenosylcobalamin as coenzyme, and hence all are bound to the catalytic site.
      Only the 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyladenine analog (isoadenosylcobalamin) showed
      substantial activity as a coenzyme in ATP reduction, giving a rate of 59% of that
      obtained with the adenosylcobalamin. Lesser rates of reduction were obtained with
      nebularyl-, 2'-deoxyadenosyl-, tubercidyl-, isopropylideneadenosyl-, L-adenosyl-,
      and ara-adenosylcobalamin, coenzyme activity decreasing in that order. Other
      analogs showed no significant coenzyme activity. The rate of hydrogen exchange
      into water from the 5'-methylene group of the nucleoside ligand appeared to
      parallel the coenzyme activity in those analogs examined, but only the four
      cobalamins with highest coenzyme activity (adenosyl, isoadenosyl, nebularyl, 2'
      deoxyadenosyl) gave detectable amounts of "active coenzyme B12," THe rapidly
      formed paramagnetic intermediate of ribonucleotide reduction. The enzyme system
      produced the slowly formed paramagnetic species characterized by a doublet EPR
      spectrum only with adenosyl- and isoadenosylcobalamin. By contrast the enzymic
      degradation of analogs to cob(II)alamin and 5'-deoxynucleoside occurred not only
      with those analogs active as coenzymes and in the exchange reaction but also with
      a number of coenzymically inactive analogs, and the rate of degradation was
      unrelated to the rate of ribonucleotide reduction for those analogs with coenzyme
      activity.

PMID- 171266
TI  - Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen in lipid peroxidation by a
      xanthine oxidase system.
AB  - 1. Xanthine oxidase acting aerobically upon acetaldehyde was found to cause the
      peroxidation of linolenate. This was demonstrated by increased absorbance at 233
      nm due to diene conjugation and by the detection of a lipid peroxide spot on the
      thin layer chromatograms. 2. Superoxide dismutase inhibited this lipid
      peroxidation, as did catalase, thus indicating that both O2- and H2O2 were
      essential intermediates. Scavengers of singlet oxygen also inhibited the
      peroxidation of linolenate, whereas scavengers of hydroxyl radical did not. These
      effects, which were observed in the absence of iron salts, led to the proposal
      that O2- and H2O2 can directly give rise to a singlet oxygen, as follows: O2- +
      H2O2 leads to OH- + OH. + O2. 3. This proposal was further supported through the
      use of 2,5-dimethylfuran, as an indicating scavenger of singlet oxygen. Thus,
      when this compound was exposed to a known source of singlet oxygen, it gave a
      product which was detectable by thin layer chromatography. This product was also
      observed when 2,5-dimethylfuran was exposed to the xanthine oxidase system, in
      which case its accumulation was prevented by superoxide dismutase or by catalase,
      but not by scavengers of hydroxyl radical.

PMID- 171267
TI  - Gonadotropin binding and stimulation of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and
      testosterone production in isolated Leydig cells.
AB  - Gonadotropin binding and stimulation of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP) formation and testosterone synthesis were studied in collagenase
      dispersed interstitial cells from the adult rat testis. Binding of 125I-human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by isolated Leydig cells was of high affinity (Ka =
      10(10) M-1) and low capacity, equivalent to approximately 6000 sites/cell. The
      binding data were consistent with the presence of a single order of receptors,
      with no interaction between binding sites. Stimulation of testosterone synthesis
      by increasing concentrations of hCG was completely dissociated from changes in
      cyclic AMP formation, and maximum activation of steroidogenesis was induced by
      hCG concentrations which had no effect upon cyclic AMP production. Kinetic
      analysis of gonadotropin-induced responses in dispersed Leydig cells also showed
      a marked dissociation between steroidogenesis and cyclic nucleotide formation.
      Low concentrations of hCG caused maximum stimulation of testosterone production
      which was not accompanied by a rise in cyclic AMP formation at any time after
      addition of gonadotropin. Higher concentrations of hCG caused marked elevations
      of cyclic AMP at progressively earlier time intervals, but did not alter the 20
      to 30 min lag period required for induction of testosterone synthesis. These
      observations indicated that occupancy of gonadotropin receptors occurs over a
      much wider range of hCG concentration than that required for maximum
      steroidogenesis.

PMID- 171268
TI  - Specificity of the S1 nuclease from Aspergillus oryzae.
AB  - Conditions are described for digesting single-stranded DNA by S1 nuclease without
      introducing breaks in double-stranded DNA. The enzyme is inhibited by low
      concentrations of various compounds of phosphate. Under certain conditions S1
      nuclease cleaves the strand opposite a nick in bacteriophage T5 DNA; under other
      conditions, the enzyme cleaves a loop in one strand of heteroduplex lambdaDNA
      while leaving the opposite strand intact. S1 nuclease makes many single strand
      breaks in ultraviolet-irradiated duplex lambdaDNA. Superhelical DNA of phiX174
      (Form I) is converted first to a relaxed circular molecule (Form II), and then to
      a linear molecule (Form III) by cleavage at one site per molecule. Since the
      cleavage occurs at many sites in the population of molecules, the partially
      single-stranded regions in phiX174 superhelical DNA are not determined by
      specific nucleotide sequences.

PMID- 171270
TI  - Relative thrombogenicity of polydimethylsiloxane and silicone rubber
      constituents.
AB  - Medical grade silicone rubber (MGSR) is composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
      as well as silica filler, oxidation products from the curing process, and other
      components. In a test that excludes air-blood interfaces, PDMS radiation cured
      under nitrogen has a whole blood clotting time 22% longer than MGSR. Curing the
      PDMS under oxidizing conditions maintains a 10% prolongation, but addition of
      silica filler to the PDMS returns the clotting time to that of MGSR. Extracting
      MGSR with solvents other than water appreciably lowers the clotting time. These
      results indicate the "pure" PDMS has an intrinsically high thromboresistance.
      Thrombogenicity is increased by the use of silica filler and oxidizing cure, as
      in MGSR.

PMID- 171269
TI  - Stimulation of adenylate cyclase from isolated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells.
AB  - Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were separated from rat liver after prelabeling the
      Kupffer cells with colloidal iron and perfusion of the liver with digestive
      enzymes. The activity of several enzymes from Kupffer cells and hepatocytes was
      compared to validate this method of cell separation. The ratios of hepatocyte to
      Kupffer cell specific activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase,
      adenylate cyclase, and acid phosphatase were 20, 0.39, 0.18, and 0.078,
      respectively. Adenylate cyclases from hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were
      stimulated by fluoride ion, GTP, and catecholamines. Hepatocyte adenylate cyclase
      was also stimulated by glucagon, secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and
      by prostaglandin E1, whereas, the Kupffer cell enzyme was completely insensitive
      to these hormones. The stimulation of hepatocyte adenylate cyclase by
      combinations of glucagon plus secretin, or glucagon plus vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide, were equivalent to the sum of the individual stimulations. This
      suggests that the hepatocyte has specific receptors for glucagon and for
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and secretin. Prostaglandin E1 stimulation of
      hepatocyte adenylate cyclase was not additive to the stimulation caused by
      polypeptide hormones or catecholamines, nor did prostaglandin E1 decrease
      stimulation caused by these hormones. Although prostaglandin-sensitive adenylate
      cyclase was recovered with hepatocytes, 40 to 50% of the total liver
      prostaglandin-sensitive activity was recovered in a fraction of cell debris mixed
      with small cells which did not phagocytize colloidal iron.

PMID- 171271
TI  - Correlation of in vivo collagen degradation rate with in vitro measurements.
AB  - The rate of in vitro enzymatic degradation of various materials based on collagen
      has been determined by a novel mechanochemical method, and has been compared with
      the extent of degradation resulting from subcutaneous implantation in guinea
      pigs. In vitro data correlate well with in vivo data. It is suggested that the
      simple in vitro method described is an effective means of screening a large
      number of materials based on collagen for their ability to resist degradation
      during implantation in animals.

PMID- 171272
TI  - Structure and function of the intraneural microvessels as related to trauma,
      edema formation, and nerve function.

PMID- 171273
TI  - Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for polypeptide
      antibiotics and its application to study the effects of treatments to reduce
      microbial levels in bacitracin powder.
AB  - Improvements were made in the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)
      method to obtain baseline separation of chromatographic peaks of structurally
      similar polypeptide components in bacitracin. The improved method uses a 30-cm
      long stainless-stell column packed with muBondapak C18. The theoretical plates of
      the column are approximately 140,000 per meter for the bacitracin A peak. The
      resolution function between bacitracins B1 and B2 and that between bacitracins A
      and B2 have been improved 418 and 225%, respectively. The components of
      bacitracin, bacitracins A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, were fractionated by the
      countercurrent distribution technique. These components, together with Compound
      X, a compound separated on a carboxymethylcellulose column, and bacitracin F,
      obtained by degrading bacitracin A sample at neutral pH, were used to identify
      peaks in the HPLC chromatogram. Effects of processing methods used to reduce
      microbial contamination levels in bacitracin powders were evaluated. Heat
      treatment caused a significant loss of antimicrobial activity (35% reduction),
      bacitracins A, B1, and B2 were reduced by 37, 22, and 21%, respectively. A
      significant increase (2.8 times) of bacitracin F, an oxidative degradation
      compound, was show. Irradiation by 60Co at 1.8 Mrad caused no loss of potency nor
      change in any of the bacitracin components. Ethylene oxide treatment, on the
      other hand, caused considerable (46%) reduction of potency. Substantial reduction
      of areas under the peak of bacitracins A, B1, and B2 (50, 24 and 37%,
      respectively) were noted. The chromatograms showed numerous unresolved peaks
      around bacitracins A, B1 and B2,; however, no significant increase in the
      bacitracin F peak, nor appearance of non-UV absorbing peaks were observed.
      Peptide antibiotics of the polymyxin group, circulin, colistin, and polymyxin,
      were also analyzed using the muBondapak C18 column with a linear-gradient
      elution. A UV monitor was used for polymyxin. A moving-wire flame ionization
      detector was used to monitor circulin and colistin. A sample of polymyxin,
      circulin, and colistin may be analyzed in less than 20 min of chromatographic
      time.

PMID- 171274
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol.

PMID- 171275
TI  - Thin-layer chromatographic separation of free fatty acids. Analysis and
      purification of radioactively labelled fatty acids.

PMID- 171276
TI  - Primary aldosteronism due to a malignant ovarian tumor.
AB  - A case of a young woman with the syndrome of primary aldosteronism and malignant
      ovarian tumor is reported. Hormone studies revealed extremely high urinary
      aldosterone, undetectable plasma renin activity, elevated plasma 17beta estradiol
      and testosterone, and low plasma FSH and LH. Plasma cortisol and urinary 17
      hydroxycorticoids were at the upper normal limits. Autopsy disclosed an ovarian
      tumor, histologically an arrhenoblastoma, with polymorphic aspects. The adrenal
      glands grossly were normal. Aldosterone was found by the double radioisotopic
      technique in the neoplastic tissue.

PMID- 171277
TI  - A testosterone-secreting, gonadotropin-responsive pure thecoma and polycystic
      ovarian disease.
AB  - A 31-yr-old hirsute female with oligoamenorrhea since menarche had markedly
      elevated peripheral plasma testosterone (T) concentrations of 250-255 ng/100 ml
      (normal 20-60 ng/100 ml), which lacked a diurnal rhythm, were not suppressed by
      dexamethasone, were decreased by ACTH, and were massively increased to 2,530
      ng/100 ml by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The binding capacity of T
      binding globulin (TeBG) was 0.2 mug/100 ml (normal = 1.1-3.3 mug/100 ml). Plasma
      delta 4-androstenedione (A) was elevated at 374-681 ng/100 ml (normal = 90-135
      ng/100 ml). Plasma estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) were normal. The endometrium
      was proliferative. A T-secreting tumor was suspected because the plasma T levels
      were higher than those observed in polycystic ovarian disease. Exploratory
      surgery revealed bilateral polycystic ovaries and a pure thecoma in the right
      ovary which was not visible on surface examination. The thecoma did not contain
      granulosa cells. Plasma T in the right ovarian vein, draining the tumor, was
      28,200 ng/100 ml and in the left ovarian vein was 2,600 ng/100 ml. Plasma A was
      elevated in both ovarian veins: 11,170 ng/100 ml on the left and 8,360 ng/100 ml
      on the right. The thecoma contained 1.35 mug/g of T and only 0.014 mug/g and
      0.007 mug/g of E2 and E1, respectively. Plasma A and T after bilateral
      oophorectomy and removal of the thecoma were normal at 184 ng/100 ml and 40
      ng/100 ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 1) This pure thecoma produced primarily T
      rather than E1 OR E2 and was gonadotropin-responsive. 2) A very high plasma
      androgen level in a female is an important clue to the presence of a tumor. A T
      secreting tumor should be ssupected when the peripheral plasma T is over 250
      ng/100 ml and when plasma T increases to over 1,000 ng/100 ml following hCG
      stimulation. 3) Tumors cannot be classified as estrogenic or androgenic on the
      basis of the character of the endometrium.

PMID- 171278
TI  - Endocrine effects of pimozide, a specific dopaminergic blocker.
AB  - Pimozide, a specific blocker of dopaminergic receptors, was administered orally
      to 10 adult male volumteers for 4 days. Half of the subjects received 4 mg/day
      and the other half 2 mg/day. Blood samples were obtained the day before, the 4th
      day of Pimozide, and 4 days after the last dose of the drug for the determination
      of LH, FSH, GH, PRL, TSH, cortisol and testosterone levels. Twenty-four h urinary
      collections were obtained for the determination of LH and FSH levels. Plasma LH
      levels decreased and plasma PRL levels increased in the combined groups during
      Pimozide. Plasma TSH levels decreased during treatment in the 4 mg group only.
      Urinary LH and plasma testosterone levels decreased in the post-treatment period
      in the combined groups. These data support the concept of a dopaminergic control
      of the secretion of several hormones in the human.

PMID- 171279
TI  - Demonstration of immunoglobulin G receptors induced by human cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Human cytomegalovirus induced a new immunoglobulin G receptor in human
      fibroblasts. The immunoglobulin G receptor was well localized in the perinuclear
      region at 48 h postinfection, and antiviral agents blocked its synthesis. The
      immunoglobulin G receptor bound immunoglobulin G of man and several other
      species. It may be a source of error in the performance of indirect fluorescence
      tests for human cytomegalovirus antibody.

PMID- 171280
TI  - Mutant feedback-resistant phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase associated with
      purine overproduction and gout. Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate and purine metabolism
      in cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - We have reported previously two siblings with gout and uric acid lithiasis
      associated with excessive purine production. In the erythrocytes of these
      patients, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase exhibited resistance to
      feedback-inhibition by normal cell constituents such as guanosine-5'-diphosphate
      (GDP) and adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP), resulting in superactivity of the
      mutant enzyme and consequently in increased PRPP content and availability for
      nucleotide synthesis. Erythrocyte PRPP content and availability were normal in
      the propositus' parents, his healthy brother and three sons, and they all had
      normal serum level and urinary excretion of uric acid, except for the mother who
      was hyperuricosuric. To further characterize this mutation we studied PRPP and
      purine metabolism in cultured fibroblasts of the affected family. PRPP synthetase
      in dialyzed lysates of fibroblasts from the propositus and his mother exhibited
      increased specific activity, more markedly at low inorganic phosphate
      concentration, and decreased sensitivity to inhibition by ADP and GDP, PRPP
      content and availability and the rate of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis were
      markedly increased in the fibroblasts of the propositus and to a lesser extent in
      the fibroblasts of his mother but were normal in the fibroblasts of the other
      family members investigated. The fibroblast studies demonstrate the following
      sequence of abnormalities: feedback-resistance of PRPP synthetase; superactivity
      of this enzyme in normal physiological milieu; increased availability of PRPP;
      and increased de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. The pattern of inheritance
      of this disorder is compatible with both an X-linked recessive and autosomal
      dominant traits.

PMID- 171281
TI  - Complement and immunoglobulins stimulate superoxide production by human
      leukocytes independently of phagocytosis.
AB  - Human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes, when exposed to appropriate
      stimuli, generate significant amounts of superoxide anion (O-.2), a highly
      reactive molecule which is possibly involved in bacterial killing. Since the
      subcellular localization and mechanism of activation of O-.2 generating systems
      are unknown, we have investigated superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c
      reduction (attributable to O-.2) by, and lysosomal enzyme release from, normal
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes and cells rendered incapable of ingesting particles
      by treatment with cytochalasin B. Neither phagocytosis nor lysosomal
      degranulation were prerequisites for enhanced O-.2 generation. Cytochalasin B
      treated cells exposed to (a) serum-treated zymosan, a C3b receptor stimulus; (b)
      heat aggregated human IgG, an Fc receptor stimulus; and (c) the complement
      component, C5a, generated enhanced amounts of O-.2 in a time and concentration
      dependent fashion. These cells also responded by releasing lysosomal enzymes, but
      there was no correlation between the ability of any immune reactant to provoke
      enzyme release and its ability to stimulate O-.2 generation. The three stimuli
      also enhanced O-.2 generation by normal (untreated) polymorphonuclear leukocytes,
      but only serum-treated zymosan and aggregated IgG were capable of provoking
      lysosomal enzyme release from normal cells. Untreated zymosan and native IgG
      neither stimulated O-.2 production nor provoked lysomal enzyme release. Since
      enhanced O-.2 production was stimulated by immune reactants in the absence of
      phagocytosis, the O-.2 generating system is very likely associated with the
      external plasma membrane of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Leukocyte membrane
      receptors for complement and immunoglobulins may therefore not only serve in
      particle recognition but also may initiate biochemical events which accompany
      phagocytosis and killing.

PMID- 171282
TI  - Collagenase in scleroderma.
AB  - Collagenase activity was measured by direct assay in skins from 12 patients
      afflicted with systemic sclerosis. In seven of those cases where extensive
      involvement of the forearm and trunk skin existed, collagenase activity of the
      involved skin was minimal or absent. Moreover, in the same patient, regions of
      marked skin involvement (e.g., forearm) showed no collagenase activity, when
      clinically uninvolved areas (thigh) exhibited normal or nearly normal levels of
      enzyme activity. In other patients where clinical symptoms were systemic and not
      associated significantly with the skin, collagenase activity approximated normal
      levels. Measurements of collagenase activity and tensile strength in another
      condition (basal cell carcinoma) that includes changes in mechanical properties
      of skin that any be regarded as the opposite end of the spectrum from those of
      sclerodermatous skin support a general correlation between collagenase activity
      and tensile strength. These studies indicate that the major defect responsible
      for the hidebound skin lesions of scleroderma may be decreased collagenase
      activity.

PMID- 171283
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a novel vitamin B12-binding protein associated
      with hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - High levels of a novel vitamin B12-binding protein (hepatoma B12 BP) have been
      observed recently in plasma obtained from three adolescent patients with
      hepatocellular carcinoma. This protein has now been isolated in homogeneous form
      from the plasma and pleural fluid of two of these patients by the use of affinity
      chromatography with vitamin B12-Sepharose. The hepatoma B12 BP belongs to the R
      type group of B12-binding proteins and is essentially indistinguishable from the
      recently isolated human milk and saliva R-type proteins in terms of: (a)
      immunologic properties based on immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitation assays;
      (b) amino acid composition; (c) molecular weight based on amino acid and
      carbohydrate content; and (d) absorption spectra. Both hepatoma B12 BPs contain
      more sialic acid and less fucose than the milk and saliva B12 BPs. All four
      proteins contain similar amounts of galactose, mannose, galactosamine, and
      glucosamine. Differences in sialic acid content appear to account for the
      differences in electrophoretic mobility that were observed among the four
      proteins. Differences in total carbohydrate content appear to account for the
      differences in apparent molecular weight that were observed with both gel
      filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Tumor
      tissue from one of the patients contained 10 times as much R-type protein as did
      normal liver tissue from the same patient. This suggests, although it does not
      prove, that synthesis by the tumor is the cause of the high levels of R-type
      protein found in the plasma of certain patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
      Plasma survival studies performed with rabbits indicate that the hepatoma B12 BP
      has a prolonged plasma survival and suggests that his parameter is also of
      importance.

PMID- 171284
TI  - Stimulation of monocyte cGMP by leukocyte dialysates. An antigen-independent
      property of dialyzable transfer factor.
AB  - We studied the effects of dialysates from leukocyte lysates containing dialyzable
      transfer factor activity and other leukocyte dialysates devoid of transfer factor
      activity on accumulation of cyclic nucleotides in human leukocytes. Dialysates
      from normal leukocytes produced 4- to 11-fold increases in leukocyte cGMP, and
      experiments with purified cell populations revealed that the increases were
      predominantly, if not entirely, in blood monocytes. Substances that increased
      monocyte cGMP could be obtained from several cell populations including
      mononuclear cells from Hypaque-Ficoll gradients, plastic-adherent monocytes,
      nonadherent lymphocytes, and neutrophils, but were not present in dialysates of
      leukemic lymphocytes from patients with the Sezary syndrome. Moreover, dialysates
      that increased leukocyte cGMP had essentially no effect on intracellular cAMP.
      Dialysates of lysed mononuclear cells contained serotonin, ascorbate, and an
      unidentified cholinergic activity, agents known to increase leukocyte cGMP. After
      passage of dialyzable transfer factor from mononuclear cells through a gel
      filtration column, four fractions were obtained that increased leukocyte cGMP.
      Two of these fractions contained ascorbate; two other active fractions, including
      one that also caused conversion of delayed skin tests, did not contain detectable
      ascorbate or serotonin. The dialysate of lysed neutrophils also increased cGMP,
      but this activity was limited to the column fractions which contained ascorbic
      acid. These observations raise the possibility that alterations in monocyte cGMP
      content could modulate either the specific antigen-dependent, or, more likely,
      the antigen-independent activities in preparations of transfer factor.

PMID- 171285
TI  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and
      histogenesis.
AB  - Three cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma have been identified in a 10-year review
      of 2686 cases of breast carcinoma. The criteria necessary for diagnosis have been
      reviewed with particular reference to cribriform intraduct carcinoma and
      adenocarcinoma of the breast with small, dark, 'basaloid'-cell pattern. The most
      important single diagnostic criterion of adenoid cystic carcinoma is a biphasic
      cellular pattern which may be aded by the demonstration of two types of mucin
      stromal acid mucopolysaccharide and ductal neutral mucopolysaccharide. This
      tumour most frequently presents as a painful or tender mass near the areola, and
      it carries a uniquely favourable prognosis when compared with similar tumours
      elsewhere in the body. Actomyosin has been demonstrated in all three tumours by
      an immunofluorescent method, and this supports a predominantly myoepithelial
      origin.

PMID- 171286
TI  - A histochemical method of differentiating lower gastrointestinal tract mucin from
      other mucins in primary or metastatic tumours.
AB  - Epithelial mucins of the normal terminal ileum, caecum, colon, and rectum of man
      are unique in that they alone exhibit staining following the periodate
      borohydride/KOH/PAS technique. Application of this technique enables one to
      differentiate those mucin-producting metastases arising from adenocarcinoma of
      the lower gastrointestinal tract from those arising elsewhere, and may
      occasionally be useful in determining the site of the primary tumour when it is
      in doubt. Furthermore, it was found to be especially useful in distinguishing
      between primary adenocarcinoma of the lung and metastases in the lung from
      adenocarcinoma of the lower gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 171288
TI  - Comparison of vaccines against infectious bursal disease.

PMID- 171287
TI  - Phagocytosis by the endocardial lining cells of the atrium of plaice
      (Pleuronectes platessa).

PMID- 171289
TI  - Comparative growth kinetic studies on avian infectious bronchitis virus in
      different systems.

PMID- 171290
TI  - Membranes of mammary gland. XI. Marker enzyme distribution profiles for
      membranous components from bovine mammary gland.
AB  - Enzyme distribution profiles of clarified bovine mammary homogenates separated by
      equilibrium centrifugation on linear sucrose gradients suggested that several of
      the commonly utilized marker enzymes for rat liver are also valid markers for
      mammary cellular components. These marker enzymes include: Succinate
      dehydrogenase (mitochondria), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
      cytochrome c reductase and, to a lesser extent, retenone insensitive nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide cytochrome c reductase (endoplasmic reticulum), galactosyl
      transferase (Golgi apparatus), 5'-nucleotidase (plasma membranes), uric acid
      oxidase (microbodies), and acid phosphatase (lysosomes). Rotenone sensitive
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cytochrome c reductase and sodium, potassium,
      magnesium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase were widely distributed among
      subcellular fractions and are not valid marker enzymes. The boyant densities
      determined for the above fractions should aid in design of methods to obtain
      enriched sources of these components for analysis.

PMID- 171291
TI  - Variability in structural carbohydrates and in vitro digestibility of forages. 3.
      Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba).
AB  - Thirteen genotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) were compared with the local
      variety for structural carbohydrates and in vitro digestibility. Neutral
      detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, and acid insoluble ash varied 31.2
      to 44.4, 26.1 to 37.4, 6.8 to 11.1, and .30 to 1.11%. Cellulose varied from 16.6
      to 28.1% whereas hemicellulose content ranged between 3.6 and 9.2%. In vitro
      digestibility of dry matter ranged between 62.8 to 71.2% Variation in protein,
      mineral matter, and percentage of dry matter was from 12.7 to 19.7, 9.4 to 12.3,
      and 23.0 to 26.7. Neutral detergent fiber and lignin plus silica were correlated
      negatively with in vitro digestibility of dry matter. A genetic manipulation of
      breeding material can bring about a highly nutritive genotype of guar.

PMID- 171292
TI  - Effect of toothbrush variables on wear of dentin produced by four abrasives.
AB  - A study was conducted to explore the effect of brush brand, brush hardness, and
      the concentration of abrasive on the wear of human dentin by four dentifrice
      abrasives. The two hard brushes produced similar and high levels of abrasion,
      whereas the two medium brushes of the same brands gave dissimilar and lower
      levels of abrasion. Dilution changed the ranking of two of the four abrasives.

PMID- 171293
TI  - Odontodysplasia.
AB  - Results of a comprehensive dental examination, including a histologic evaluation,
      of a patient showing unilateral odontodysplasia revealed no hint as to the origin
      of the abnormality. A complete medical examination also resulted in negative
      findings, with the excetion of congenital bilateral talipes equinovarus. The
      genetic history was negative, and results of chromosomal studies of the child and
      her mother revealed no abnormalities. Neither had an anatomic or a functional
      abnormality, with the exception of the odontodysplasia in the child. Results of
      laboratory studies including complete blood counts, urinalyses, ferric chloride
      tests of the urine, and electrolyte tests also were negative. The special
      considerations given in this case in an attempt to establish a possible causation
      of the abnormality were inconclusive. We think, however, that the management of
      the patient was successful in regard to the prosthetic appliance, and every
      attempt will be made to follow up the patient to ensure a good prognosis of the
      remaining developing dentition.

PMID- 171294
TI  - Electron spin resonance studies of Cu2+ doped in single crystals of cytosine
      monohydrate.

PMID- 171295
TI  - Porphyrin-protein bond of cytochrome C. Structure of porphyrin C.

PMID- 171297
TI  - Letter: Optically detected zero-field magnetic resonance studies of the
      photoexcited triplet state of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodosopirillum
      rubrum.

PMID- 171298
TI  - Bacteriuria in patients with spinal cord lesions.

PMID- 171296
TI  - Letter: Iron to sulfur bonding in cytochrome C studied by x-ray photoelectron
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 171299
TI  - Aplastic anemia secondary to methimazole-case report and review of hematologic
      side effects.

PMID- 171301
TI  - General aspects of medical nosology.

PMID- 171300
TI  - Ocular symptoms induced by organic phosphorous insecticides.

PMID- 171302
TI  - The integration of a comprehensive medical program in a juvenile correctional
      institution.

PMID- 171303
TI  - The role of the occupational physician in the troubleshooting industrial hygiene
      survey.

PMID- 171304
TI  - The gamma system and its relation to the development and maintenance of muscle
      tone.

PMID- 171305
TI  - Herpes genitalis.

PMID- 171306
TI  - Toxic and reactogenic properties of pertussis bacteria (experimental and clinical
      studies).
AB  - The results of the study revealed correlation between the reactogenicity of
      pertussis vaccines in epidemiological observations and the toxic properties of
      pertussis bacteria in experiment. Quantitative and qualitative differences were
      found between the toxic factors in pertussis bacteria depending on their type
      specific serological activity. Serotype 1.0.3 microbes exhibit more pronounced
      toxicity which accounts for the greater reactogenicity of vaccines prepared from
      this serotype as compared with the preparation produced from the serotype 1.2.3.
      The obtained results suggest the necessity of considering the greater toxicity of
      the serotype 1.0.3 in the preparation of pertussis vaccines.

PMID- 171307
TI  - Occurrence of antibodies to type 2 herpes simplex virus in the sera of town
      population.
AB  - In order to obtain a more detailed knowledge of the ecology of genital
      herpesvirus in Czechoslovak geographic and socioeconomic conditions, a total of 1
      246 sera of town population, collected by the method of random selection from
      persons of different age groups in the town of Ostrava were examined in
      microneutralization reaction for antibodies to type 2 and type 1 herpes simplex
      virus. Antibodies to HSV-1 were present even in the youngest age groups 0--4 and
      5--9 and positive findings in the older age groups ranged from 52 to 82% while
      antibodies to type 2 herpesvirus were found for the first time at the age of 14
      (in one case); in adult persons they occurred in 17--26%. The mentioned results
      correspond to the sexual manner of transmission of genital herpesvirus and are in
      keeping with published findings.

PMID- 171309
TI  - Immune and antibody responses to an isolated capsid protein of foot-and-mouth
      disease virus.
AB  - The purified capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus
      type A12 strain 119 emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant were studied in
      swine and guinea pigs. Swine inoculated on days 0, 28, and 60 with 100-mug doses
      of VP3 were protected by day 82 against exposure to infected swine. Serums from
      animals inoculated with VP3 contained viral precipitating and neutralizing
      antibodies, but such serums recognized fewer viral antigenic determinants than
      did antiviral serums. Capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 did not produce detectable
      antiviral antibody in guinea pigs, and antiviral antibody responses in swine to a
      mixture of VP1, VP2, and VP3 were lower than the responses to VP3 alone. However,
      when swine were inoculated with VP1, VP2, and VP3 separately at different body
      sites, no interference with the response to VP3 was observed. Vaccine containing
      VP3 isolated from acetylethylenimine-treated virus appeared less protective for
      swine than vaccine containing VP3 from nontreated virus. Trypsinized virus, which
      contains the cleaved peptides VP3a and VP3b rather than intact VP3, produced
      approximately the same levels of antiviral antibody responses in guinea pigs as
      did virus. Conversely, an isolated mixture of VP3a and VP3b did not produce
      detectable antiviral antibody responses in guinea pigs. The VP3a-VP3b mixture
      did, however, sensitize guinea pigs to elicit such responses following
      reinoculation with a marginally effective dose of trypsinized virus.

PMID- 171308
TI  - Human leukemia-associated antigens: detection on cells of established
      lymphoblastoid lines.
AB  - Primate and rabbit antisera to different morphologic classes of human leukemia
      cells, after appropriate absorptions, detected leukemia-associated antigens
      present on cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from leukemia patients. The
      primate antisera distinguished antigens on cells derived from myeloid leukemia
      patients from those on cells derived from lymphocytic leukemia patients. Of
      particular interest was the fact that antigens of myeloid leukemia, but not of
      lymphatic leukemia, were detected on lymphoid cell lines established from blood
      of patients with myeloid leukemia. One of four lymphoblastoid cell lines derived
      from normal donors expressed antigens of lymphatic leukemia. Leukemia-associated
      antigens were not found on the HRIK lymphoblastoid line derived from a Burkitt's
      lymphoma patient on skin fibroblasts or HeLa cells. Expression of these antigens
      on cultured cells derived from leukemia patients could not be related to the
      presence of the EB virus or the EB virus genome. Rabbit antisera detected
      antigens common to cells from patients with myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia.
      Absorption experiments demonstrated that the antigens detected on cell lines
      derived from leukemia patients are similar to those detected by the primate and
      rabbit antisera on fresh peripheral blood leukemic cells. The serologic detection
      of leukemia-associated antigens on lymphoblastoid cell lines indicates that some
      of these cultures contain cells with antigenic properties similar to those of
      human peripheral blood leukemic cells.

PMID- 171310
TI  - Cyclic GMP and lectin-induced lymphocyte activation.
AB  - Purified human peripheral lymphocytes incubated with the mitogenic plant lectins
      phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A were examined for alterations in
      intracellular cGMP and cAMP under a variety of experimental conditions and using
      multiple techniques for the isolation and purification of cGMP and cAMP before
      assay of the cyclic nucleotides by radioimmunoassay. In contrast to work reported
      by others, we have been unable to demonstrate consistent increases in cGMP under
      any of the experimental conditions used and with any of the various purification
      schemes. In these same experiments exogenous cGMP added to the lymphocytes could
      be measured, and the immunoreactive material was destroyed by cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase, indicating that our inability to measure increases in cGMP was
      not caused by our inability to measure cGMP. Under identical experimental
      conditions, small but consistent and statistically significant increases in cAMP
      were noted. In addition, other parameters of lymphocyte activation, 45Ca uptake
      (an early parameter), and incorporation of 3H thymidine into DNA were unimpaired.
      These data call to question the concept of cGMP as the second messenger in lectin
      stimulated human peripheral lymphocytes.

PMID- 171311
TI  - Cyclic AMP levels in Drosophila during postembryonic development and in the
      adults.

PMID- 171312
TI  - The role of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in relation to the diuretic
      hormone of Rhodnius prolixus.

PMID- 171313
TI  - Experimental pneumococcal meningitis. II. Characterization and quantitation of
      the inflammatory process.
AB  - For the systematic study of the role of inflammation in the morbidity and
      mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, techniques for quantitation of
      the inflammatory reaction in the meninges of rabbits with experimental
      pneumococcal infection were developed. The brains of 19 infected animals were
      removed intact, and the area of inflammation in microscopic sections was
      quantitated by an electronic X-Y plotter connected to a computer. Exudate was
      maximal along the ventral surface of the brain at the level of the cerebellum.
      Inflammation increased progressively with time and peaked at 72 hr. In a separate
      group of 29 animals, lactic acid dehydrogenase concentrations in cerebrospinal
      fluid increased significantly during infection, and the rate of increase wirh
      time coincided with the increase in inflammation documented histologically. The
      described method of quantitating inflammation in the meninges during experimental
      meningitis makes it possible to study the increase in granulocyte involvement
      with time. The establishment of a direct relation between the concentration of
      lactic acid dehydrogenase in the cerebrospinal fluid and the inflammatory mass
      validates the use of lactic acid dehydrogenase as an indicator of inflammation.

PMID- 171314
TI  - Sensitivities of neurotropic arboviruses to human interferon.
AB  - The sensitivities of selected neurotropic arboviruses (St. Louis encephalitis,
      Western equine encephaltis, and La Crosse viruses) to human interferon and
      polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I-poly C) were determined in
      primary human fetal glial cell cultures. The sensitivities were measured by an
      end point (inhibition of virus yield). All of the viruses were sensitive to human
      interferon and poly I-poly C; St. Louis encephalitis and Western equine
      encephalitis viruses were inhibited at concentrations of interferon actually
      measured in the brains of persons who died from these infections. For St. Louis
      encephalitis and Western equine encephalitis viruses, viral replication and
      induction of interferon varied among cell cultures derived from individual
      fetuses. The present experiments may provide an approach toward understanding the
      problem of different host susceptibilities to neurotropic arbovirus infections.

PMID- 171316
TI  - Decreased interferon response by lymphocytes from children with chronic
      hepatitis.
AB  - Since a decreased interferon response has been linked with certain chronic viral
      infections, a preliminary study was undertaken to determine whether an altered
      interferon response may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis, a
      complication of type B hepatitis. The production of interferon by lymphocytes
      from patients with chronic hepatitis was compared with the production by
      lymphocytes from normal subjects. The amount of interferon produced by
      paramyxovirus-stimulated lymphocytes from 16 patients was substantially smaller
      than that produced by lymphocytes from 12 healthy donors. The results indicate
      that decreased production of interferon may be responsible for the chronicity of
      the disease. However, further studies are necessary to establish causality.

PMID- 171317
TI  - Cytomegalovirus in semen: observations in selected populations.

PMID- 171315
TI  - Epidemiology of cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation and
      immunosuppression.
AB  - Viral infections and clinical complications were studied during hemodialysis and
      after renal transplantation. Active cytomegalovirus infection developed in 96% of
      patients after renal transplantation; reactivation of herpes simplex, varicella
      zoster, and Epstein-Barr viruses was found in 35%, 24%, and 0% of patients,
      respectively. Cytomegalovirus viremia developed in 42% of patients an average of
      two months after renal transplantation, lasted 1.75 (+/- 1.5) months (except in
      one patient with chronic viremia), and was followed by chronic viruria. Higher
      titers of infectious cytomegalovirus were found in the polymorphonuclear than in
      the mononuclear leukocyte fraction. Reactivation of a latent infection and, less
      likely, respiratory infection appear to be the most probable mechanisms of
      cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. One to three months after
      transplant, cytomegalovirus infection may be related to fever, arthralgia,
      pneumonitis, and leukopenia; three to four months after transplant, the virus may
      be related to hepatitis; and 12-30 months after transplant, it may be related to
      retinitis in patients with chronic viremia. Although other causes of these
      complications are possible, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella
      zoster virus, measles virus, adenovirus, hepatitis B virus, and Toxoplasma gondii
      appear to be of lesser importance than cytomegalovirus in this respect.

PMID- 171318
TI  - Experimental herpes simplex virus encephalitis: Comparative effects of treatment
      with cytosine arabinoside and adenine arabinoside.
AB  - Experimental herpesvirus encephalitis in weanling mice was treated with either
      cytosine arabinoside or adenine arabinoside to determine the comparative
      effectiveness of the two compounds on survival and on the concentration of virus
      in the brain. The uniformly fatal course of the encephalitis was not altered by
      any dosage of cytosine arabinoside. In contrast, treatment with adenine
      arabinoside resulted in long-term survival of the majority of the infected
      animals. The concentration of virus measured in the brains of animals treated
      with two different dosages of cytosine arabinoside indicated initial suppression
      of viral replication with a subsequent rise to levels higher than those in the
      untreated controls. In the brains of adenine arabinoside-treated animals, titers
      of virus gradually diminished to undetectable levels by the eighth day after
      institution of therapy.

PMID- 171319
TI  - Direct visualization of enveloped Epstein-Barr Herpesvirus in throat washing with
      leukocyte-transforming activity.
AB  - Mature enveloped virions belonging to the herpes class were found in a
      concentrated, partially purified specimen of throat washings from a patient
      undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for prevention of renal homograft rejection.
      This throat washing contained a high titer of biologically active Epstein-Barr
      virus and no other human herpesviruses. Epstein-Barr virions were not detected in
      throat washings from patients with mononucleosis that had only low titers of
      transforming activity.

PMID- 171320
TI  - Experimental infection of chimpanzees with hepatitis A virus.
AB  - The susceptibility of chimpanzees to viral hepatitis type A was examined with
      immine electron microscopy. Of four seronegative infant chimpanzees, two were
      inoculated with a hepatitis A acute-phase stool filtrate rich in 27 nm virus-like
      hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) particles, and two were inoculated with an HA Ag
      negative preinfection stool filtrate. One of each pair of chimpanzees was
      inoculated intravenously, the other orally. One month later both chimpanzees that
      had received the HA Ag-positive filtrate developed biochemical, histologic, and
      clinical evidence of acute viral hepatitis. HA Ag particle (27 nm) were detected
      in their stools by immune electron microscopy; particle shedding followed a
      pattern similar to that in human volunteers. Immune electron microscopy also
      showed that antibody HA Ag had developed in the convalescent-phase sera of the
      infected chimpanzees. Control animals remained free of illness at this time but
      did develop hepatitis three to five weeks after exposure to the two infected
      chimpanzee-. The infectious inoculum was titrated in two additional seronegative
      chimpanzees. It was concluded that hepatitis a can be successfully transmitted to
      seronegative chimpanzees. Moreover, these studies provide further evidence that
      the 27-nm virus-like HA Ag particle is the etiologic agent of viral hepatitis
      type A.

PMID- 171321
TI  - A prospective evaluation of heterophile and Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgM
      antibody tests in clinical and subclinical infectious mononucleosis: Specificity
      and sensitivity of the tests and persistence of antibody.
AB  - Three heterophile antibody tests and a test specific for IgM antibody to Epstein
      Barr virus were evaluated during prospective studies of infectious mononucleosis.
      Specificity was judged by the frequency of false-positive results in sera of
      known qualities taken before illness; except for two patients bled during early,
      unrecognized illnes,, titers of greater than or equal to 1:40 were detected in
      12% by the absorbed sheep red cell test, in 6.7% by the absorbed horse red cell
      test, and in none by the beef cell hemolysin test. None had IgM antibody specific
      for Epstein-Barr virus in sera obtained before illness. In addition, no rises in
      titer of heterophile antibody were detected by the horse cell test in 38 patients
      with proved rubella and/or influenza infection. In terms of sensitivity
      (indicated by the percentage of cases with diagnostic titers during infectious
      mononucleosis), 97% were positive by the Epstein-Barr virus IgM test, 96% by the
      horse cell agglutination test, 85% by the beef hemolysin test, and 81% by the
      sheep cell agglutination test. Persistence of antibody was judged by serial
      bleedings up to three years after illness; titers of heterophile antibody by the
      sheep agglutination and beef hemolysin tests as well as titers of IgM antibody to
      Epstein-Barr virus returned to normal in two to three months, whereas the horse
      cell heterophile test remained positive for a year or more in 75%. Inapparent and
      mild infections with Epstein-Barr virus resulted in the production of horse cell
      heterophile antibody in 48.4% of 122 subjects.

PMID- 171322
TI  - Comparative serial virologic and serologic studies of symptomatic and subclinical
      congenitally and natally acquired cytomegalovirus infections.
AB  - Infants with congenitally (38) and natally (17) acquired cytomegalovirus
      infection were prospectively studied by means of virologic and multiple serologic
      assays. These infections were characterized by chronic viral excretion (measured
      in years). The quantity of virus excreted in the urine during early infancy was
      significantly greater in infants who acquired infection in utero, particularly
      amon those born with overt disease; thereafter, all three groups (congenital
      symptomatic, congenital asymptomatic, and natal) excreted similar amounts of
      virus. The patterns of antibody responses, particularly the fluorescent antibody
      response to the early antigen and the complement-fixing antibody response,
      further indicated that congenitally infected infants (especially symptomatic
      ones) bear a greater antigenic burden than do natally infected infants. From a
      diagnostic standpoint, the test for fluorescent antibody to the late antigen was
      the most sensitive assay, whereas the test for complement-fixing antibody proved
      to be the least useful, The indirect hemagglutination assay, although performed
      only in infants with natal infection, was only slightly less sensitive than the
      fluorescent antibody procedure; by the former technique, diagnostic rises were
      detected in all but one infant after the onset of viruria.

PMID- 171323
TI  - Enhanced host defense mechanisms with levamisole in suckling rats.
AB  - Levamisole, a synthetically produced anthelminthic agent, was administered to
      suckling rats that were challenged with bacterial and viral pathogens. There was
      no in vitro antibacterial or antiviral effect of the drug. However, enhanced
      survival was demonstrated in those animals treated with levamisole and challenged
      with Staphylococcus aureus or herpes simplex virus. The mechanism for protection
      against the bacteria appears to be enhancement of the primary inflammatory
      response. The mechanism for protection against herpes simplex virus is not yet
      understood.

PMID- 171324
TI  - Experimental infection of marmosets with a cytomegalovirus of human origin.
AB  - Two adult and two neonatal cotton-topped marmosets and two neonatal white-lipped
      marmosets (Saguinus species) were inoculated with 10(7) plaque-forming units of
      cytomegalovirus (Colburn strain). No overt clinical disease developed in four
      marmosets during observation for eight months; one adult and one neonatal cotton
      topped marmoset died from nonspecific causes 63 and 259 days after inoculation,
      respectively. By days 7-16 after inoculation, all marmosets developed plasma
      antibodies, which were detectable by neutralization and immunofluorescence assays
      (peak titers, 1:128-1:256 and 1:64-1:256, respectively). Attempts to isolate
      virus from whole blood, peripheral lymphocytes, oropharyngeal swabs, or vaginal
      swabs by cocultivation with permissive cell cultures were unsuccessful. Virus was
      recovered, however, by cocultivation from the kidney tissues of the adult
      marmoset that died. Immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine resulted in a
      fourfold increase in antibody levels in plasma of two of three marmosets.

PMID- 171325
TI  - [Survey on enterovirus infection in Matsue City (April, 1973-October, 1973)-
      occurrence of hand, foot and mouth disease and aseptic meningitis].

PMID- 171326
TI  - [Studies on Clostridium perfringens as a causative organism of food poisoning. 3.
      Growth pattern of Clostridium perfringens in food].

PMID- 171327
TI  - Effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate,
      and rickets in rats.
AB  - This study compared bone remodeling, bone mineralization, and parathyroid hormone
      secretion in rats treated with ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) or
      dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP). The results were compared with findings
      in rachitic and control rats. In addition, calcification was induced in the skin
      by administration of lead acetate intravenously and polymyxin B subcutaneously;
      the efficacies of EHDP and Cl2MDP in preventing the calcific plaque were
      compared. Both the serum biochemical values and the morphologic findings indicate
      that Cl2MDP and EHDP influence bone and mineral metabolism differently. Even with
      the relatively large doses used in this study, Cl2MDP had a minor or no effect
      while EHDP had a marked effect that, in general, is undersirable. EHDP caused
      increase in circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone to levels greater than
      those in rachitic rats. Both diphosphonates appear to have a similar effect on
      the ectopic mineralization produced by calciphylaxis, suggesting that Cl2MDP may
      be the agent of choice in this problem because the undersirable side-effects
      would be avoided.

PMID- 171328
TI  - Hidradenomata of the external auditory meatus. (Review of the literature and
      report of a pleomorphic adenoma).
AB  - A case of hidradenoma of the external auditory meatus ('ceruminoma') is
      presented, with a review of the literature. The tumour has the appearances of a
      pleomorphic adenoma and is devoid of a capsule. It is suggested that the term
      hidradenoma be used for tumours of the ceruminous glands and that they be
      classified histologically as (1) adenoma, (2) pleomorphic adenoma, (3) adenoid
      cystic carcinoma and (4) adenocarcinoma. This classification aids treatment and
      prognosis. Attention is drawn to the high incidence of malignancy in
      hidradenomata of the external auditory meatus. The treatment of choice for
      pleomorphic adenomata is wide surgical excision with an adequate margin of normal
      skin. If there is doubt regarding complete removal, or a recurrence develops, a
      wider surgical excision is necessitated.

PMID- 171329
TI  - Aspects of variation in cranial characters of plains bison (Bison bison bison
      linnaeus) from Elk Island National Park, Alberta.

PMID- 171330
TI  - Letter: Freeze-etching observations of herpes simplex virus in the nucleus of FL
      cell.

PMID- 171331
TI  - Responses of hair cells to statocyst rotation.
AB  - A new technique is described for stimulating hair cells of the Hermissenda
      statocyst. The preparation and recording apparatus can be rotated at up to 78 rpm
      while recording intracellular potentials. Hair cells in front of the centrifugal
      force vector depolarize in response to rotation. Hair cells in back of the
      centrifugal force vector hypoerpolarize in response to rotation. Mechanisms by
      which the hair cell generator potential might arise are examined.

PMID- 171332
TI  - Adaptation of N-tropic Friend leukaemia virus and its murine sarcoma virus
      pseudotype of non-permissive B-type C57BL/6 mouse cell line.
AB  - N-tropic Friend leukaemia virus (FLV) was serially passaged in a B-type C57BL/6
      mouse cell line, YH-7. After a single passage, the infectious efficiency of FLV
      in the restrictive YH-7 cells was significantly increased. This adapted character
      of FLV could be reversed by a single passage in permissive N-type MLg cells. The
      true host range conversion from N to NB was accomplished after eleven to twelve
      passages in YH-7 cells. In contrast, the host range conversion of N-tropic murine
      sarcoma pseudotype, MuSV(FLV), took place after two passages.

PMID- 171333
TI  - Attempts to extend the genetic map of poliovirus temperature-sensitive mutants.
AB  - Eighteen new ts mutants of poliovirus have been isolated after a variety of
      mutagenic treatments, and their loci identified in relation to the previous
      genetic map. The map was only extended by 25%, and the physiological characters
      of the new isolates corresponded in all aspects tested with those of the previous
      isolates. Apparently single mutants at the extreme left of the map were defective
      in synthesis of both double- and single-stranded RNA, functions that do not co
      vary in other mutants. Two procedures respectively predicted to induce mutations
      preferentially in the 5' and 3' regions of the genome gave isolates which all
      indicated that the structural protein region was nearest the 5' end. The loci fro
      resistance to dextran sulphate and to ethyl-2-methylthio-4-methyl-5-pyrimidine
      carboxylate both lie in the structural protein region.

PMID- 171334
TI  - On the use of chloramine-T to iodinate specifically the surface proteins of
      intact enveloped viruses.
AB  - Rous-associated virus-6I was used as a model for studying the labelling
      specificity of the chloramine-T iodination procedure when applied to intact
      enveloped viruses. The specificity of labelling depended markedly on the
      concentration of iodide in the reaction mixture. At low concentrations of iodide
      (below 0-5 muM) only the surface proteins and lipid of intact virions were
      iodinated; there was no detectable labelling of internal proteins. At 10 muM
      iodide, however, both internal and external proteins were iodinated; moreover
      there was a marked change in the reactivity of the surface proteins. It appears
      that the lipid envelope provides an effective barrier to the iodinating complex
      generated at low, but not at high, concentrations of iodide. These and other
      observations suggest that the chloramine-T procedure has a previously
      unrecognized potential for specifically labelling the surface proteins of lipid
      enveloped structures.

PMID- 171335
TI  - The polypeptide structure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.
AB  - The polypeptides of purified preparations of the coronavirus responsible for
      transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs have beem examined by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Four major polypeptides, VPI (mol. wt. 200000), VP2 (50 000),
      VP3 (30000) and VP4 (28500) and two minor polypeptides, VPIa (105000) and VPIb
      (80500) have been reproducibly demonstrated in the virion, of which VPI, VP3 and
      VP4 contain carbohydrate. Treatment of the virion with the proteolytic enzyme
      bromelain removes the surface projections and VPI, thus identifying this
      glycopolypeptide as the major structural component of the projection.

PMID- 171336
TI  - Two levels of restriction by mouse or cat cells of murine sarcoma virus coated by
      endogenous xenotropic oncornavirus.
AB  - Mouse and cat cells were each examined for the mode of restriction of endogenous
      xenotropic oncornavirus. Murine xenotropic helper virus (MuX) and its pseudo-type
      of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV(MuX)) were grown in cat cells to high titre.
      MuX alone did not replicate in any mouse cell tested including normal or
      transformed outbred Swis 3T3 cells or SC-I cells, but did grow in a variety of
      other mammalian cells. MSV(MuX) was not able to achieve that intracellular state
      from which it could be rescued by mouse leukaemia virus (MuLV) in any mouse cell
      tested with the exception of SC-I cells. Detection of MSV(MuX) foci with
      appropriate helper virus was as sensitive in SC-I cells as in the cells of
      several other species. Sequential passage of MSV(MuX) virus complex in SC=I cells
      resulted in a loss of infectious sarcoma and helper viruses, but transformed, MSV
      rescuable cells were retained. If cat embryo cells were infected with either the
      feline endogenous xenotropic virus (FeX) or its MSV pseudotype (MSV(FeX), two
      analogous states of restriction were observed. FeX alone did not replicate in cat
      cells as measured by release of progeny virus or by FeX group-specific antigen
      induction. Cat cells could be susceptible or insusceptible to the entry of
      MSV(FeX) as measured by MSV rescue with appropriate ecotropic feline leukaemia
      virus. The sensitivity of detection of MSV(FeX) foci in some cat cells in the
      presence of feline ecotropic virus was comparable to that exhibited by cells of
      other mammalian species. A single strain of cat cells underwent a change in its
      restrictive capacity for MSV(FeX) on prolonged passage. Late passage cat cells
      became very insusceptible to MSV(FeX) but not to other pseudotypes of MSV.
      Infectious FeX or its group-specific antigens were not detected in the
      insusceptible cells. The major glycoprotein of FeX did appear as a surface
      antigen of the insusceptibel cells. It is apparent that two levels of cellular
      restriction can be distinguished in each of two mammalian cell systems by the
      susceptibility to penetration of MSV coated with endogenous xenotropic
      oncornavirus.

PMID- 171337
TI  - 'Phagocytosis' of sendai virus by model membranes.
AB  - Sendai viruses were attached to liposomes (vesicular model membranes) at 0 to 4
      degrees C, and were then incubated at 37 degrees C. Liposomes made of
      phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and gangliosides enveloped the viruses at 37
      degrees C to give a picture that resembles the ingestion step of phagocytosis.
      Virus particles were enveloped only by liposomes that contained gangliosides
      which serve as Sendai virus receptors.

PMID- 171338
TI  - Regulation by thymidine monophosphate and other nucleotides of thymidine kinase
      activity in extracts from primary rabbit kidney cells infected by HSV types 1 and
      2.
AB  - In an attempt to differentiate between thymidine kinase (EC.2.4.1.21) induced by
      herpesvirus hominis type I (TK I) and type 2 (TK2), the different
      susceptibilities to the modifying effects of some thymidine analogues proved to
      be useful criteria: (I)2'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (dThd-5'-PPP) inhibits
      TK 2 at a concentration of 0-125 mM by 90%, whereas TK I is inhibited at 4-03 mM
      by 50%. (2) 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dThd-5'-P) competitively inhibits
      TK 2 at all concentrations tested. On the other hand, the direction of its effect
      on TK I is concentration dependent: at 500 mum it stimulates and at 8 mM inhibits
      TK I activity. During enzyme kinetic studies, TK I displays substrate inhibition
      which is reversed by dThd-5'-P. This result explains the stimulating effect of
      dThd-5'-P at 500 muM. This phenomenon suggests the existence on the enzyme
      molecule of a second binding site for dThd which mediates substrate inhibition
      and which can be occupied also by dThd-5'-P. After polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of TK I, the stimulation by dThd-5'-P disappears, suggesting the
      separation of the second binding site from the catalytic centre.

PMID- 171339
TI  - The site of anoxic block in the spinal monosynaptic pathway.
AB  - Asphyxiation of the spinal cord for periods of 2-4 min leads to block of the
      monosynaptic pathway. At about the same time this blockage takes place, the
      afferent action potentials fail to invade the presynaptic terminals. Asphyxiation
      also interferes with the antidromic invasion of motoneurons, and the failure of
      the antidromic action potentials to invade the motoneuron dendrites coincides
      with the time of the disappearance of the orthodromic monosynaptic responses.
      During reoxygenation, both the presynaptic terminals and the dendrites recover
      their function, or rather their polarization, in a few seconds and yet synaptic
      transmission reappears only after several minutes. It is postulated that failure
      of synaptic transmission during asphyxia is due to depolarization of both the
      presynaptic terminals and the dendrites of the postsynaptic elements. However,
      repolarization of these elements during reoxygenation, is not sufficient to
      reestablish synaptic transmission, but recovery of some unidentified biochemical
      process is apparently necessary.

PMID- 171340
TI  - Seizure susceptibility in the developing mouse and its relationship to glutamate
      decarboxylase and pyridoxal phosphate in brain.
AB  - The relationship between the susceptibility to convulsions, the content of
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and the activity of pyridoxal kinase (EC 2.7.1.35) and
      glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) in brain, was studied in the developing
      mouse. Seizures were induced by pyridoxal phosphate-gamma-glutamyl hydrazone
      (PLPGH), a drug previously reported to reduce the levels of pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate and as a consequence to inhibit the activity of glutamate decarboxylase
      in brain of adult mice. It was found that the seizure pattern, as well as the
      time of appearance of convulsions, differed between 2- and 5-day old mice and 10
      day old or older mice, indicating a progressive increase in seizure
      susceptibility during development. In brain, pyridoxal kinase activity and
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels were decreased by the administration of PLPGH at
      all ages studied, whereas glutamate decarboxylase activity was inhibited less
      than 25% in 2- and 5-day old mice, and about 50% thereafter. Parallelly, the
      activation of glutamate decarboxylase by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate added in vitro to
      control homogenates was less in 2- and 5-day old mice than in older animals. It
      is concluded that the increase in the susceptibility to seizures induced by PLPGH
      during development is probably related to the increase observed in the
      sensitivity of glutamate decarboxylase in vivo to a decrease of pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate levels. The correlation between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, glutamate
      decarboxylase, and seizure susceptibility seems to be established at about 10
      days of age.

PMID- 171342
TI  - Neuromuscular junctions in the buccal mass of Aplysia: fine structure and
      electrophysiology of excitatory transmission.
AB  - The lower extrinsic protractor muscle in the buccal mass of Aplysia consists of
      bundles of muscle fibers 4--12 mu in diameter, containing thick and thin
      filaments that are not arranged in a transversely striated pattern. Individual
      fibers come close to one another and form specialized junctional regions.
      Electrophysiological evidence indicates that the muscle fibers form an electrical
      cyncytium. Muscle bundles are innervated by more than one excitatory axon at a
      number of points along their length. The presynaptic terminals contain spherical
      electron-lucent vesicles and a few larger electron-dense vesicles. There are no
      obvious structural postsynaptic specializations. Graded contraction can result
      from summation of excitatory junctional potentials in separate axons or from
      summation and facilitation of junctional potentials from a single axon. The
      buildup of facilitation during a train of stimuli results from the linear
      summation of facilitation remaining from preceding impulses.

PMID- 171341
TI  - Phenothiazine antagonism of the noradrenergic inhibition of cerebellar Purkinje
      neurons.
AB  - Phenothiazine derivatives were examined as potential antagonists of the
      inhibitory noradrenergic synapses from the nucleus locus coeruleus to rat
      cerebellar Purkinje cells. Fluphenazine, and its thioxanthine analogue,
      flupenthixol, antagonized the inhibitory action of norepinephrine, when
      iontrophoretically applied to single cells. Alpha-flupenthixol was generally more
      active than the beta isomer. Fluphenazine had no appreciable effect on
      inhibitions induced by iontophoresis of GABA or cyclic AMP. Parenteral
      fluphenazine also blocked the inhibition of Purkinje cells produced by the
      stimulation of the noradrenergic pathway from locus coeruleus, but basket and
      stellate cell inhibitory inputs to Purkinje cells were unaffected. These data
      suggest that fluphenazine can specifically block a known central adrenergic
      inhibitory pathway.

PMID- 171343
TI  - Soradic ulcerative mutilating acropathy with imbalance of free amino acids in the
      cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - A case of sporadic ulcerative mutilating acropathy is described. Muscle biopsy
      showed signs of neurogenic atrophy. Motor nerve conduction velocity was slightly
      reduced. The muscles of the foot were completely unresponsive to electric
      stimulation of both femoral nerves. The content of free amino acids in serum and
      cerebrospinal fluid was determined by ion exchange chromatography, and compared
      with a control group. While in serum no significant changes were found, in CSF
      most amino acids showed great alterations, mainly consisting in an increase. It
      is suggested that the primary disturbance may be located in the spinal nerve
      roots.

PMID- 171344
TI  - Experimental neuropathy produced by 2,5-hexanedione--a major metabolite of the
      neurotoxic industrial solvent methyl n-butyl ketone.
AB  - Chronic exposure of rats to 2,5-hexanedione (CH3COCH2CH2COCH3), a major
      metabolite of the neurotoxic industrial solvent methyl n-buryl ketone
      (CH3COCH2CH2CH2CH3), has been shown to cause a clinical peripheral neuropathy
      with dying-back peripheral and central nervous system degeneration characterized
      by giant axonal swellings filled with neurofilaments. This pattern of disease is
      similar to that produced by methyl n-butyl ketone.

PMID- 171345
TI  - Safety factor in single human motor end-plates studied in vivo with single fibre
      electromyography.
AB  - In a single fibre EMG investigation on healthy subjects the relationship between
      the neuromuscular jitter and the safety factor of the motor end-plate relative to
      curare was studied. A positive correlation was found between the jitter increase
      after a standard dose of D-tubocurarine and the initial jitter. The conclusion
      was drawn that the neuromuscular jitter can be used as an indicator of the safety
      factor. There are a number of nerve-muscle disorders in which the jitter is
      increased, probably indicating a reduced safety factor which may be of clinical
      importance when these patients are subjected to diseases or drugs which would
      otherwise not produce neuromuscular symptomatology.

PMID- 171347
TI  - Single fibre EMG findings in polyneuropathies of different aetiology.
AB  - Single fibre electromyography was carried out in patients with polyneuropathy due
      to uraemia, diabetes, and alcohol. In the two former groups the fibre density
      within the motor unit and the impulse transmission were mainly normal. In the
      latter group the fibre density was significantly increased as signs of
      reinnervation. Impulse transmission was impaired in a number of the action
      potential complexes, which is typical of active reinnervation. The results may
      indicate that the diabetic and uraemic polyneuropathies are characterized in the
      main by demyelination, whereas the alcoholic type is dominated by axonal lesion
      even at an early stage.

PMID- 171346
TI  - Regional curare for the reduction of the safety factor in human motor end-plates
      studied with single fibre electromyography.
AB  - A method employing six minutes of regional curarization with 0.5 mg D
      tubocurarine and single fibre electromyographic measurements (SFEMG) was used in
      order to study the effect of an additional small dose of D-tubocurarine. The
      effect of the additional dose was most pronounced in terms of increased jitter,
      on motor end-plates with the initially highest jitter. The combination of
      regional curarization and SFEMG jitter recordings offers a sensitive technique
      for detecting mild effects of various drugs on neuromuscular transmission not
      detectable with decrement investigations.

PMID- 171348
TI  - 5-Hydroxytryptophan and sleep in Down's syndrome.
AB  - Polygraphic total night sleep electroencephalographic (EEG), electro-oculographic
      (EOG) and electromyographic (EMG) recordings have been made in 6 mongoloid
      infants who received oral 5-HTP for periods extending from 12 to 36 months. The
      doses were adapted to the infants' age and tolerance level. The oculomotor
      activity of paradoxical sleep (PS) was selectively analysed. The eye-movement
      (EM) density was significantly decreased in non-treated mongoloids as compared
      with that of normal age-related infants. Out of the 5-HTP-treated patients,
      however, the results in only 2 were within the limits for normal age-related
      infants. 5-HTP failed to induce any long-term differences in the EM frequencies.
      In fact, the drug had a short-term effect lasting up to 8 days. An increase in
      muscle tone and an improvement of motor behaviour were the only long-lasting
      results.

PMID- 171349
TI  - An immunopathologic component in experimental togavirus encephalitis.
AB  - The effects of immune manipulation upon survival and histopathology in two
      experimental group B togavirus encephalitides were studied in inbred mice. The
      median survival time 8 days after intracerebral injection of Langat virus
      increased to 10 days with an immunosuppressive course of cyclophosphamide, with
      concomitant reduction in the inflammatory response. Adoptive immunization with
      immune lymphoid cells or serum also tended to prolong Langat virus survival while
      increasing inflammation. Survival following intracerebral West Nile virus (7
      days) was unaffected by immunosuppression or adoptive transfer, although
      suppression was associated with less severe CNS lesions, and immune serum with
      less necrosis. These findings indicate that the immune response may be both
      protective and pathology-inducing in some togarvirus encephalitides. The
      differences in host response to these two related agents suggest caution in
      generalizing about the role of the immune response in viral infections.

PMID- 171350
TI  - Nuroaxonal degeneration induced by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in cultures of
      central nervous tissue.
AB  - Well myelinated cultures of newborn mouse cerebellum, exposed to varying
      concentrations of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), a heavy metal chelating
      agent, were examined by light and electron microscopy. DDC treatment of cultures
      for 24-48 hours produced swellings of axons and presynaptic endings, the
      morphological features characteristic of dystrophic axons. The axonal swellings
      contained an increased amount of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and dense
      bodies. A continued exposure to DDC induced an extensive degeneration of axons
      and ensheathing myelin. Glial cells, on the other hand, were structurally intact
      even after a long-term exposure to DDC. It is suggested that DDC produces in
      myelinated CNS cultures an initial enlargement of axons and presynaptic endings
      and then continues to induce Wallerian degeneration in axons.

PMID- 171351
TI  - Cerebral dynamic studies for early detection of recurrent anaplastic intracranial
      gliomas.
AB  - The authors compared radionuclide cerebral dynamic studies, brain scans, and
      clinical evaluation as indicators of recurrence of intracranial anaplastic
      gliomas and found cerebral dynamic studies more sensitive to tumor growth than
      static brain scans. The former may show changes prior to clinical evidence of
      tumor progression.

PMID- 171352
TI  - Central functional changes after facial-spinal-accessory anastomosis in man and
      facial-hypoglossal anastomosis in the cat.
AB  - A left facial-spinal-accessory anastomosis was performed for peripheral facial
      paralysis in an 8-year-old boy. By the fourth postoperative year, the corneal
      reflex showed a normal latency, and left arm and face movements could be executed
      independently. The possibility of neural plasticity playing a role in
      establishing new central relationships which enable the achievement of a "normal"
      latency corneal reflex and independent face and arm movements is discussed. The
      latency of the corneal reflex recorded as electrical response of the orbicularis
      oculi muscle to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral cornea was measured in
      normal cats and cats which had undergone a facial-hypoglossal anastomosis 12 to
      14 months previously. The latency of the reflex was 8 to 22 msec in normal
      animals and 200 to 300 msec in the operated cats, while conduction times in the
      regenerated hypoglossal nerve fibers were found to be within normal limits. This
      suggests that the long latency of the corneal reflex following the cross
      anastomosis is due to the time required for transmission across newly-formed
      connections between the trigeminal terminals and the hypoglossal neurons.

PMID- 171354
TI  - Letter: Dorsal column stimulation for phantom limb pain.

PMID- 171353
TI  - Deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing factor in a patient with hydrocephalus
      internus.

PMID- 171355
TI  - A qualitative and quantitative electronmicroscopic study of the structure of the
      adenoid cystic carcinoma of human minor salivary glands.
AB  - The fine structural characteristics of five adenoid cystic carcinomas of human
      minor salivary galnds and a quantitative assessment of the relative volumes
      occupied by morphologically defined cell types in these tumors are reported. We
      observed that the cyst-like spaces which give the characteristic cribriform
      pattern to the adenoid cystic carcinoma contain replicated basement membrane-like
      materail. Material comprisimg aggregates of fine tubules having a median diameter
      of 270 A, and rounded, electron dense bodies were noted within duct-like lumena
      of one tumor. In addition, dilatation of the intercellular spaces and squamous
      metaplasia were noted. From 500 electronmicrographs obtained by standardized
      techniques and used for the morphological part of the study, 175 were selected by
      a random sampling method and analyzed by the stereological technique of point
      counting. This method demonstrated that duct type cells occupied 75% by volume of
      the tumor in these glands; myoepithelial cells occupied 3%, acinar cells occupied
      2%, and other tissues occupied 22% of the tumors. These proportions differ
      significantly (P less than 0.001) from our previously published figures for
      normal specimens of these glands.

PMID- 171356
TI  - Evaluation of parotid gland masses by rectilinear scanning.
AB  - Twelve salivary gland scans, done preoperatively for evaluation of parotid
      masses, included nine cases of Warthin's tumor. In addition to Warthin's tumor
      showing an accumulation of pertechnetate, increased activity was also present in
      two cases of mixed tumors. Warthin's tumor may also show decreased activity, with
      or without a large cystic component. Therefore, the interpretation of
      preoperative salivary gland scans must be made with caution.

PMID- 171357
TI  - Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy.
AB  - Recurrence of a melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy was clinically evident
      eight weeks after the original lesion had been surgically removed. Concentrations
      of urinary vanilmandelic acid were elevated immediately after surgery but
      returned to normal a month after removal of the tumor. The location of the
      recurrent tumor, the rapidity of recurrence, and the concentrations of urinary
      VMA favor a theory of neural crest origin.

PMID- 171358
TI  - [The caloric eye tracking pattern test (CETP-test). I. Simplified differential
      diagnosis between peripheral and central vertigo (author's transl)].

PMID- 171359
TI  - Letter: Additional findings in galactokinase deficiency.

PMID- 171360
TI  - Opportunistic infection in children. III. In the normal host.

PMID- 171361
TI  - Cushing syndrome, sexual precocity, and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (Albright
      syndrome) in infancy.
AB  - The sexual precocity of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is occasionally accompanied
      by other endocrine disorders, but in only two previous instances has Cushing
      syndrome been reported. The history of a 6-month-old girl is presented, in whom
      this syndrome was complicated by congenital Cushings syndrome. Although
      endocrinopathies of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia have usually been ascribed to a
      central (hypothalamic) origin, the findings in this patient suggest autonomous
      hyperfunction of the peripheral endocrine glands, with the Cushing syndrome
      caused by hyperplastic nodules in the adrenal glands and the precocity by
      luteinized follicular cysts of the ovary.

PMID- 171362
TI  - Plasma ACTH values during the first seven days of life in infants of diabetic
      mothers.

PMID- 171363
TI  - Viral hepatitis: recent developments and prospects for prevention.
AB  - During the past decade new development in hepatitis research have shed new light
      on the etiologic, epidemiologic, immunologic, and prophylactic aspects of type A
      and B hepatitis virus infection. Recent advances in hepatitis A virus research
      include: (1) identification of the virus as a 27 nm particle with characteristics
      resembling an enterovirus, (2) transmission of the infection to marmosets and
      chimpanzees, and (3) development of specific complement fixation and immune
      adherence antibody tests. Recent advances in hepatitis B research include: (1)
      identification of the virus as a 42 nm particle (Dane particle) containing an
      outer coat, the hepatitis B surface antigen, and an inner core, the hepatitis B
      core antigen, (2) development of specific tests to detect the hepatitis B
      antigens and their respective antibodies, (3) transmission of the infection to
      chimpanzees, (4) development of a specific hepatitis B immune serum globulin, and
      (5) development of an inactivated hepatitis B vaccine.

PMID- 171364
TI  - The effects of stibophen on phosphofructokinases and aldolases of adult
      filariids.
AB  - Trivalent organic antimonials, such as stibophen, have been employed for the
      chemotherapy of schistosome and filariid infections. The effects of stibophen on
      adult Litomosoides carinii, Dipetalonema witei (= viteae), and Brugia pahangi
      were examined. In vitro, lactate accumulation was markedly inhibited by the
      antimonials as was phosphofructokinase activities in homogenates. Incubation of
      filariids with stibophen and determination of internal concentrations of hexose
      phosphate also indicated a decreased phosphofructokinase activity. In addition, a
      second inhibitory effect of stibophen on aldolase has been observed which appears
      to be specific for stibophen and is not displayed by potassium antimony tartrate.
      Both inhibitory activities may contribute to the chemotherapeutic effect of
      stibophen. In addition to the schistosomes and filariids, stibophen also inhibits
      Ascaris and Hymenolepis diminuta phosphofructokinases at low concentrations,
      where no inhibition of the corresponding mammalian liver enzyme was demonstrable.

PMID- 171365
TI  - Heligmosomoides polygyrus (=Nematospiroides dubius): the development of self-cure
      and/or protection in several strains of mice.
AB  - Strains of outbred (ICR/CD1 and S--W) and inbred (BALB/C and C57BL/6) mice
      vaccinated subcutaneously (SQ) with 500, 1,000, or 2,000 exsheathed
      Heligmosomoides polygyrus larvae developed varying levels of protection upon
      subsequent oral challenge with larvae. In contrast, the inbred C3H/HEJ strain
      failed to develop protection at any dosage level tested. ICR/CD1 mice vaccinated
      intraperitoneally with exsheathed larvae developed a high level of resistance but
      exhibited extensive adhesions of the viscera. When ensheathed larvae were used
      for vaccination, ICR/CD1 mice developed a moderate level of protection; but 1% of
      the vaccine dose was recovered in the intestine as adult stages. Both the inbred
      and outbred strains given multiple oral infections developed a protection
      response similar to that strain's response following parenteral vaccination. The
      specificity of this protection was demonstrated using various complex foreign
      antigens. In contrast, the self-cure response was observed only in the S--W
      strain.

PMID- 171368
TI  - Granular cell myoblastoma arising from the thoracic sympathetic nerve chain.

PMID- 171366
TI  - Bench surgery and renal autotransplantation in the pediatric patient.
AB  - A new operative procedure in renal surgery has evolved from the extensive recent
      experience in kidney transplantation. Bench surgery and autotransplantation have
      not been, as yet, fully exploited by surgeons caring for children. This approach
      to reconstruction of renal substance and renal vessels has as its greatest
      dividend conservation of kidney tissue. The operation has specific applicability
      for selected cases of: (1) renovascular hypertension; (2) congenital obstructive
      uropathy; (3) bilateral Wilms' tumor, and; (4) renal trauma in children.

PMID- 171367
TI  - Preoperative therapy for unresectable malignant tumors in children.
AB  - Thirty-six children with initially unresectable malignant tumors were managed
      with pre- and postoperative therapy combined with reduction of primary tumor
      burden by total or subtotal resection. The proportion of patients achieving long
      term tumor-free survival after surgery was 0.48 in the Wilms' tumor group and
      0.60 among patients with other regionally unresectable malignant neoplasms. These
      results are encouraging in an otherwise high mortality situation.

PMID- 171369
TI  - Differences in cAMP levels in the gingival fluid of diabetics and nondiabetics.
AB  - Gingival fluid from eight control subjects and ten diabetics was collected and
      the content of cAMP and protein in the fluid was assayed to determine the nature
      of the biochemical changes occurring in the gingival fluid due to diabetes. The
      gingival fluid of the control subjects had a cAMP concentration of 2.4 X 10(-6)
      M, which was a hundredfold greater than that seen in serum, thus suggesting that
      the cAMP in the fluid resulted from active synthesis by the gingival cells and
      was not merely a transudate from the blood. The gingival fluid of the diabetics
      contained only one-seventh the level of cAMP seen in the control group. It is
      suggested that the decreased level of cAMP seen in the givgival fluid of
      diabetics may be a manifestation of a defect in the cAMP forming mechanism of the
      gingival tissue, which may reflect the systemic etiology of diabetes. It was also
      found that in the control subjects the content of cAMP in the gingival fluid was
      in inverse proportion to the volume of exudate in the gingival crevice. No such
      relationship was seen in the diabetic group. It appears that the level of cAMP
      present in the gingival fluid of normal individuals without any generalized
      endocrine deficiencies may be used as an additional indicator of the inflammatory
      status of the gingival tissues, along with the clinical evaluation based on
      gingival index.

PMID- 171370
TI  - [The biological activities of cytochrome c hemeoctapeptide (CHP). (3). the
      effects of CHP on the formation and the decomposition of lipid peroxide (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 171371
TI  - [Studies on the fate of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207), a
      carcinostatic agent. III. Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism
      after rectal administration of FT-207 (author's transl)].

PMID- 171372
TI  - Inclusion compounds.

PMID- 171373
TI  - Metabolism of 8-(methylthio)cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate by rats and dogs
      after oral or intravenous dosing and in vitro by subcellular preparations of dog
      liver.
AB  - 8-(Methylthio-14C or -35S)cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (I) was given
      intravenously to rats (5 mg/kg) and orally and intravenously to dogs (0.25, 2.5,
      or 50 mg/kg). Oral doses were absorbed well but slowly. Plasma half-lives in dogs
      were about 3 hr after oral or intravenous doses of 0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg and ranged
      from 5 to 12 hr after oral or intravenous doseas of 50 mg/kg. Plasma glucose and
      insulin concentrations in dogs were increased by oral or intravenous doses of the
      compound. Regardless of the route, excretion of radioactivity by rats and dogs at
      all doses was chiefly in the urine (74-87% of the dose); the remainder was
      excreted in the feces or bile. Compound I was rapidly distributed to most tissues
      of dogs but entered the brain and certain portions of the eye slowly and to a
      limited extent. Urine and plasma of dogs and urine of rats contained I, 8
      (methylthio)adenosine, and at least two other unidentified metabolites. Compound
      I and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate were metabolized in vitro by the
      soluble fraction of dog liver to form 8-(methylthio)adenosine-5'-monophosphate
      and adenosine-5'-monophosphate, respectively. These compounds were further
      converted to 8-(methylthio)adenosine and adenosine, respectively. Compound I was
      metabolized in vitro more slowly than cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.

PMID- 171374
TI  - Effects of selected drugs on an auditory or thalamic conditioned stimulus
      eliciting recruitment in the cat.
AB  - Minimally effective oral doses of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and pentobarbital
      necessary to block a discrete trial (bar-press) conditioned avoidance response
      were compared in cats chronically implanted with electrodes over the cerebral
      cortex and in the nucleus centralis medialis of the thalamus. Three conditioned
      stimulus contingencies consisting of tone and low or high voltage thalamic
      stimulation were presented. Minimal conditioned response blocking doses of these
      agents produced only slight qualitative changes in cortically recorded
      recruitment. Drug treatment affected the conditioned stimulus contingencies
      differentially, and the rank order in terms of ease of disruption of the
      conditioned avoidance response was high voltage thalamic conditioned stimulus
      greater than low voltage thalamic conditioned stimulus greater than auditory
      conditioned stimulus. The differential effect of these drugs might have been due
      to the additive inhibition of these agents and the thalamic conditioned stimulus
      on performance. With the exception of chlorpromazine, the behavioral effects of
      these drugs and their effects on recruitment were dissociated.

PMID- 171375
TI  - Protective effect of selenium on certain hepatotoxic and pancreotoxic
      manifestations of subacute cadmium administration.
AB  - Administration of cadmium chloride (1.0 mg/kg s.c.) to rats, twice a day for 7
      days, significantly stimulated the activities of hepatic pyruvate carboxylase,
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-diphosphatase and glucose 6
      phosphatase, markedly increased the concentration of hepatic cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate and circulating blood glucose and significantly reduced serum
      insulin levels. Furthermore, subacute exposure to cadmium induced glucose
      intolerance that was associated with a decreased pancreatic secretory activity as
      evidenced by lowered insulinogenic indices and marked inhibition of phentolamine
      stimulated insulin release. In contrast to cadmium, administration of selenium
      dioxide (2 X 1.0 mg/kg/day s.c., 7 days) failed to alter significantly the
      activities of gluconeogenic enzymes, hepatic cyclic adenosine monophosphate,
      blood glucose or serum insulin levels, glucose tolerance or the pancreatic
      secretory activity. However, administration of selenium concurrently with cadmium
      completely prevented the cadmium-induced increases of hepatic gluconeogenic
      enzymes. Treatment with selenium ameliorated the cadmium-induced hyperglycemia,
      hypoinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and the suppression of pancreatic secretory
      activity, whereas it failed to alter significantly the cadmium-induced elevation
      of hepatic cyclic AMP levels. Data provide evidence suggesting that subacute
      exposure to cadmium alters several parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and
      suppresses pancreatic secretory activity and that administration of selenium
      alone is without any appreciable effect on the above parameters. However,
      administration of selenium concurrently with cadmium prevents, to varying
      degrees, several of the cadmium-induced metabolic and functional changes.

PMID- 171376
TI  - Effects of pressure and anesthetics on conduction and synaptic transmission.
AB  - The antagonism observed between pressure and anesthesia in intact animals
      suggests that pressure antagonism may be a promising criterion for identifying
      the effects of anesthetics which are important to loss of responsiveness. It is
      therefore of interest to compare the effects of pressure and anesthesia on
      conduction and on synaptic transmission, which have often been proposed as
      possible alternative cellular sites of anesthesia. The model used in this study
      is the isolated rat superior cervical ganglion. Helium pressure (35-103 atm)
      antagonized partial conduction block of the preganglionic nerve by halothane(0.5
      and 1 mM). Helium pressure failed to antagonize the depressant effects of
      halothane (0.25-0.5 mM) on nicotinic transmission and of halothane or
      methoxyflurane (0.24 mM) on muscarinic transmission in the ganglion. Pressure
      itself severely depressed synaptic transmission and added to the depressant
      effects of the anesthetics. Conduction block as a possible cellular mechanism of
      anesthesia therefore meets the proposed criterion of pressure reversibility. In
      contrast, pressure does not antagonize anesthetic depression of excitatory
      synaptic transmission in the rat superior cervical ganglion.

PMID- 171377
TI  - Proceedings: Stimulation and inhibition of acid secretion from the rat isolated
      gastric mucosa.

PMID- 171378
TI  - Synaptic transfer at a vertebrate central nervous system synapse.
AB  - 1. The relation between presynaptic depolarization and transmitter release was
      examined at a synapse between a Muller axon and a lateral interneurone in the
      spinal cord of the lamprey. Two micro-electrodes, one for passing current and the
      other for recording the resulting voltage change, were placed in the presynaptic
      axon; a single electrode for recording the post-synaptic potential produced by
      release of transmitter was placed in the post-synaptic cell. 2. When action
      potentials were blocked with tetrodotoxin, brief depolarizing pulses in the
      presynaptic fibre were as effective as the action potential had been in producing
      transmitter release. 3. The release process had an apparent threshold
      depolarization of 40-50 mV and saturated at presynaptic depolarizations of the
      order of 100 mV. Increasing the duration of the presynaptic pulse increased the
      maximum level of release. 4. Displacing the presynaptic voltage recording
      electrode from the position of synaptic contact toward the current passing
      electrode increased the apparent depolarization required to produce a given level
      of transmitter release. This shift in the input-output relation was consistent in
      magnitude with the voltage attenuation between the presynaptic recording
      electrode and the synapse expected from the space constant of the fibre. 5. The
      effect of conditioning hyperpolarization and depolarization of the presynaptic
      fibre on subsequent transmitter release by brief depolarizing pulses was
      examined. No effect was observed when the presynaptic recording electrode was in
      the region of synaptic contact. When the presynaptic electrode was not so
      positioned, conditioning effects were observed which depended on electode
      position and could be attributed to changes in the space constant of the
      presynaptic fibre. No conditioning effects were observed on transmitter release
      by the action potential.

PMID- 171379
TI  - Post-synaptic potentiation: interaction between quanta of acetylcholine at the
      skeletal neuromuscular synapse.
AB  - 1. Post-synaptic responses to acetylcholine (ACh) released from nerve terminals
      and from iontophoretic micropipettes were investigated in skeletal muscle fibres
      of the snake. Each fibre has a compact end-plate consisting of fifty to seventy
      synaptic boutons. The fibres were voltage clamped, and synaptic currents were
      recorded from visually identified end-plates. 2. When acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      is inhibited, a potentiating interaction is observed between two or more quanta
      that are released close to each other from a synaptic bouton and act upon
      partially overlapping postsynaptic areas. The potentiation is expressed as a
      prolongation of the synaptic current. This potentiation also occurs under normal
      conditions of release when about 300 quanta are distributed over the entire end
      plate, so thet the presynaptic release sites are separated by an average of 2
      mum. An analogous potentiating interaction is observed when micropipettes,
      closely apposed to the subsynaptic membrane, substitute for quantal release
      sites. ACh from one pipette potentiates the response to ACh from another pipette
      less than 2 mum away. 3. In contrast, with AChE fully active no post-synaptic
      potentiation is seen when the normal complement of quanta is released over the
      entire end-plate. The time course of the synaptic currents in response to a
      single quantum or to 300 quanta is similar. It is concluded that functionally the
      quanta act independently of each other, because AChE isolates each quantum from
      its neighbours by limiting the lifetime of ACh and its lateral diffusion in the
      synaptic cleft. The estimated area over which a quantum normally acts is less
      than 2mum2. 4. Post-synaptic receptors are not saturated by the ACh in a quantum,
      since the peak of the quantal response adds linearly to the response produced by
      an appropriate background concentration of ACh from a pipette. This conclusion is
      supported by the observation that upon inhibition of AChE the peak amplitude of
      the quantal current response increases by about 20% with no change in its time to
      peak. 5. It is suggested that post-synaptic potentiation between quanta may play
      a role in signalling at synapses in which non-linear dose-response
      characteristics have been observed and where transmitter is not as repidly
      inactivated as the neuromuscular synapse.

PMID- 171380
TI  - The number of transmitter molecules in a quantum: an estimate from iontophoretic
      application of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular synapse.
AB  - 1. The sensitivity of the subsynaptic membrane of twitch muscles of the frog and
      snake to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh) was determined. Optimal
      placement of ACh micropipettes on to the postsynaptic membrane resulted in
      potentials that were similar, though not identical, to the miniature excitatory
      post-synaptic potentials (min e.p.s.p.s). A sensitive bio-assay was developed to
      measure the output of ACh from micropipettes; this allowed an estimate to be made
      of the upper limit of the number of ACh molecules in a quantum of transmitter
      that is released from the nerve to produce a min e.p.s.p. 2. The assay to
      calibrate the output of ACh from micropipettes used the end-plate of the snake
      muscle as an ACh concentration detector. The end-plate was situated within a few
      mum of an oil-water interface, and a 0-6 nl. droplet of Ringer solution
      containing a known concentration of ACh (1 muM or less) was formed in the oil
      phase. The droplet was brought to the interface and, upon touching it, discharged
      its contents into the Ringer phase immediately above the end-plate. This resulted
      in a membrane depolarization that was recorded with an intracellular
      microelectrode. By applying droplets containing various known ACh concentrations
      a standard curve was constructed. To measure the ACh output of micropipettes a 0
      6 nl. droplet of Ringer solution was suspended in the oil. The ACh pipette tip
      was inserted into the droplet and several thousand pulses of ACh were then
      delivered. The ACh content of the test droplet was measured by comparing its
      effectiveness in depolarizing the end-plate with the standard curve. In this
      manner the number of ACh molecules released in a single pulse was determined as a
      function of charge passed through the pipette. The output of ACh was linear and
      an average of 30,000 molecules of ACh were released per pC. 3. The sensitivity of
      the subsynaptic membrane to iontophoretically applied ACh, using the linear
      slopes of dose-response curves, in preparations from frog and snake treated with
      anticholinesterases was usually about 5 mV/pC. It follows that 6000 molecules of
      ACh are sufficient to produce a depolarization of 1 mV in the subsynaptic
      membrane. 4. The mean min e.p.s.p.s of muscle fibres treated with
      anticholinesterase range from 1 to 3 mV. Since the ACh released from an
      iontophoretic pipette is less effective than the same amount released from the
      nerve, it is concluded that a quantum of transmitter consists of less than 10,000
      molecules of ACh. 5. It is calculated that for each molecule of ACh released in a
      quantum there results a minimum net flow of 3000 univalent ions across the
      synaptic membrane.

PMID- 171382
TI  - Mental health nursing intervention with child abusing and neglecting mothers.

PMID- 171383
TI  - Group therapy as theatre.

PMID- 171384
TI  - Psychological responses to stress.

PMID- 171381
TI  - Evidence against a physiological role of prostaglandins in the regulation of
      noradrenaline release in the cat spleen.
AB  - 1. The effects of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and indomethacin on responses and on
      noradrenaline overflow elicited by nerve stimulation were studied in the perfused
      cat's spleen, at different calcium concentrations in the perfusion medium: 0-26,
      0-65 and 2-6 mve stimulation and in the overflow of the transmitter. PGE2 was
      more effective in reducing transmitter overflow at 5 than at 30 Hz. 3.
      Indomethacin, 14-0 muM, prevented the release of PGE-like material in the venous
      effluent of the spleen elicited by either nerve stimulation or by exogenous
      noradrenaline. 4. During exposure to 14-0 muM indomethacin there was no increase
      in responses to nerve stimulation or in the overflow of noradrenaline elicited by
      nerve stimulation at 5 or at 30 Hz. 5. Similar results to those obtained with
      exogenous PGE2 and with indomethacin in the presence of 2-6 mM calcium, were
      observed when the experiments were carried out in the presence of either 0-65 or
      0-26 mM calcium. 6. In the presence of the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents,
      phenoxybenzamine (2-9 muM) or phentolamine (3-1 muM), the increase in transmitter
      overflow obtained during stimulation was 6-5 and 8-3-fold respectively. 7. Since
      inhibition of the synthesis of PGE did not increase transmitter overflow during
      nerve stimulation, it appears that the proposed negative feed-back mechanism
      mediated by endogenous prostaglandins does not play an important physiological
      role in the regulation of adrenergic neurotransmission in the cat spleen. In this
      tissue the major endogenous negative feed-back regulatory mechanism is triggered
      by the neurotransmitter through the activation of prejunctional alpha
      adrenoceptors.

PMID- 171385
TI  - Disturbed wards--do we need them?
AB  - This is a study of forty-three female residents of a continued care state
      psychiatric facility who were transferred from a ward for highly disturbed
      persons to a ward based on a geographical unit system. One year after the
      transfer thirty-eight patients were improved, particularly in the area of
      behavior symptomatology. A change in perceived expectations of both patients and
      staff seemed to be primarily responsible for the positive change noted.

PMID- 171386
TI  - The psychiatric nurse as outpatient psychotherapist.
AB  - Nursing therapy has predominantly reflected treatment within inpatient settings.
      There is little focus on outpatient services, where the psychiatric nurse can
      function as psychotherapist. Specific roles of one outpatient nurse therapist are
      outlined. Concrete guidelines in terms of supervision, support, and self
      exploration are delineated for implementation by the nurse as outpatient
      psychotherapist.

PMID- 171387
TI  - Crisis intervention: implications for the nurse.

PMID- 171388
TI  - Home visits: a method of reducing the pre-intake dropout rate.

PMID- 171389
TI  - South-East Asia: problems old and new.

PMID- 171390
TI  - Speaking out on: the patient too disturbed for a school for the retarded; too
      retarded for the psychiatric hospital--dilemma and tragedy.

PMID- 171391
TI  - Problem of Medicare and Senator Ribicoff's plan.

PMID- 171392
TI  - Emergency discharges: their outcome.
AB  - This paper compares the short-term outcome of a group of seven patients released
      from an inpatient facility during an employee strike and a group of eight
      released at the optimal time according to the treating physicians. There was no
      difference in the outcome of the two groups, only two fifth of the entire cohort
      could be considered as doing well. The reasons for the findings are explored.

PMID- 171393
TI  - Consultation to groups in conflict: some aspects of group design.
AB  - 1. One should carefully consider the broad dynamics and deal with one's own
      feelings in performing the consultation. One should resist any pull to act
      hastily in setting up a group. 2. It must be determined if a group would be
      helpful in dealing with the problem. Then one must ascertain the desire for a
      group experience at all levels of the nursing hierarchy. Membership in a group
      should be by choice and not because of obligation or coercion. 3. The boundaries
      of the group should be worked out after careful evaluation of the problem. This
      should include discussion with any potential participants about the desire for a
      group and about issues of membership and other boundary decisions such as time
      and place. If the boundaries and responsibilities of membership cannot be agreed
      upon by the consultant and members, then it is far more responsible not to
      conduct a group. 4. The task of the group should be defined and clear to the
      members and be consistent with the desired output of the group. In a group in
      conflict, there should be a defined primary task, that of dealing with any issues
      related to the understanding of this conflict. It follows that the role function
      os the consultant must be carefully defined. 5. To do effective work, the
      consultant must be seen as independent of the ward authority. One should consider
      with utmost caution any individual consultation with group members, as this may
      limit the consultant's effectiveness in dealing with the whole group. The
      consequences of allowing the ward authority to attend group meetings should be
      thought through carefully as this will greatly increase the complexity of any
      experience.

PMID- 171395
TI  - Women's lib and psychotherapy.

PMID- 171394
TI  - Experiences in private practice.

PMID- 171396
TI  - The hallucinating patient and nursing intervention.
AB  - This paper has been concerned with a patient's problematic behavior pattern,
      namely hallucinations. The social and dynamic significance of the behavior for
      the individual have been explored and analyzed and a formulation of possible
      developmental processes influencing the patient to utilize hallucinations has
      been discussed. On the basis of these analyses, formulations for a psychiatric
      nursing treatment plan of intervention have been presented. In conclusion, it is
      well to bear in mind that the schizophrenic patient, who is hallucinating, is
      striving to communicate in as clear and straightforward a way as he knows, the
      nature of his anxieties and experiences, despite how radically different they are
      from the nurse's, with speech content that is diffucult to follow. Thus, with
      this understanding, it behooves us as nurses to intervene accordingly and
      "decode" the hallucinated messages and thereby assist in breaking into the third
      stage in the evolutionary cycle of a psychosis, as cited by R.D. Laing: Stage 1 =
      Good (me); Stage 2 = Bad (me); Stage 3 = Mad (not me).

PMID- 171397
TI  - Never too old to climb.
AB  - This nurse-administrated program has added another dimension to the hospital
      environment. It provides a real challenge and opportunity for reaching out in
      planning and implementing a program for the elderly, long-term psychiatric
      hospitalized resident. It has been successful because of a sincere and dedicated
      staff who consistently communicated, verbally and non-verbally, that "we cared"-
      by listening, keeping open minds, establishing and maintaining an environment
      conducive to growth, acceptance, encouragement, social contacts, and creating a
      genuine relationship based on trust. It was through these media that we achieved
      a milestone with the new program. Demonstration of concern, patience and interest
      seemed to have been a motivating force which stimulated a desire to achieve
      optimum growth for a majority of the residents, which has affected every service
      in this hospital. The freedom to plan and execute, with administrative support,
      challenged staff, who reached out and grasped the opportunity to turn away from
      the traditional ways of providing care to new ways of improving and delivering
      quality care to the elderly, long-term psychiatric residents. This program has
      been in not, however, been a panacea for all residents. Assuming responsibility,
      freedom to make decisions and thoughts of leaving the hospital have been somewhat
      difficult adjustments for a few residents. As of December 1974, approximately 5
      per cent of those placed in the community were returned to the structured
      environment of the hospital. The successes, however, have far outnumbered the
      adversities in that 34 have been discharged and three are ready to be discharged
      in the near future.

PMID- 171398
TI  - The community--new focus for nursing. A report of a 1974 WHO Expert Committee
      meeting.

PMID- 171399
TI  - Concepts of transactional analysis and anxiety with persons in crisis.

PMID- 171400
TI  - Geriatrics: assumptions and misconceptions.

PMID- 171401
TI  - The effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on ovarian hypertrophy in the
      rat.
AB  - Aspirin and indomethacin, inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis, were utilized
      to determine the role of prostaglandins (PGs) in ovarian weight gain in rats
      following unilateral ovariectomy or treatment with PMSG. After unilateral
      ovariectomy, the compensatory ovarian hypertrophy was 185-0% compared with 139-8%
      and 97-5% in rats treated with indomethacin and aspirin, respectively. The
      adrenal weights in rats treated with aspirin were also reduced significantly.
      Administration of PGE2 or PGF2alpha with aspirin reversed the effect of aspirin
      on the adrenals but had no effect on the ovarian weight. Indomethacin and aspirin
      treatment of animals injected with PMSG also reduced the ovarian weight gain. If
      100 mug PGE2 were given twice daily, this effect was reversed in both groups but
      thrice daily administration had no effect on rats receiving aspirin. In PMSG
      treated rats, 100 mug PGF2alpha twice daily did not reverse the effect of
      indomethacin and aspirin, and actually enhanced the effect of aspirin.

PMID- 171402
TI  - Cytoplasmic oestradiol-binding sites and their relationship to oestradiol content
      in the endometrium of cattle.
AB  - Twenty-three cows and heifers were killed at known times during the oestrous
      cycle or during the first 35 days of pregnancy. Duplicate cytosol preparations
      were made from the endometrium of each uterine horn and both the binding-site
      concentration and the oestradiol level were determined for each sample. During
      the cycle, the oestradiol concentration was only 0-2 to 1-7% of the concentration
      of binding sites which varied considerably between Days 19 and 5 (47,665 +/- 7538
      sites/cell, mean +/- S.E.M.) and Days 6 to 18 (7060 +/- 444 sites/cell). The
      concentration of binding sites remained low in pregnant animals (6689 +/- 492),
      although the oestradiol concentration was high about 20 days after insemination,
      resulting in almost 14% of the sites being occupied. Five inseminated animals in
      which no conceptus was found when they were slaughtered 19 to 22 days later had
      low concentrations of binding sites but two animals had high levels of oestradiol
      with 13% and 15%, respectively, of their cytoplasmic sites being occupied. It is
      suggested that these animals had recently lost their conceptuses. Two
      ovariectomized cows and one non-cyclic animal contained high concentrations of
      oestradiol-binding sites in the uterine cytoplasm. No significant difference was
      found between the uterine horn adjacent to the ovary with the CL and the
      contralateral horn in early pregnancy or during the luteal phase of the oestrous
      cycle. An animal killed 1 week after parturition contained fourfold more sites in
      the involuting horn than in the opposite horn. It is suggested that progesterone
      plays a major role in regulating oestrogen-induced replacement of cytoplasmic
      binding sites.

PMID- 171403
TI  - Termination of pregnancy after accelerated lactation in the rat. III. Effects of
      hormonal treatments.
AB  - The relationship was investigated of the hormones associated with pregnancy and
      lactation and the termination of pregnancy that occurs when rats mated at the
      post-partum oestrus are allowed to suckle a large litter after implantation. The
      primary cause for pregnancy termination was found to be an insufficient level of
      progesterone with the possible need for a primary or synergistic dose of
      oestrogen. The progesterone deficiency was not due to the high levels of
      prolactin present in nursing rats, since pregnancy termination could not be
      produced by prolactin administration in the absence of accelerated lactation, and
      could not be prevented by blocking prolactin secretion after accelerated
      lactation. Administration of LH to rats after accelerated lactation did prevent
      termination of pregnancy.

PMID- 171404
TI  - Rupture of ovarian follicles at ovulation.
AB  - The appearance of mammalian follicles at the time of ovulation has been described
      by numerous observers. Importance features to which attention has been directed
      are: changes in the vascularization of the follicle, the appearance of an
      avascular area known as the macula pellucida or stigma, the formation of small
      blood clots near the stigma and some extravasation of blood, and the rupture of
      the follicle at the stigma and exist of the oocyte and follicular fluid. The
      first major advance beyond this descriptive stage came with the demonstration
      that antral pressure does not increase prior to follicle rupture. This
      observation eliminated a number of hypotheses concerning ovulation and focused
      attention on the deterioration and weakening of the follicle wall at the stigma.
      That the follicle wall weakness prior to rupture is established beyond doubt by
      gross observations of its increased fragility during various manipulative
      procedures, by stress-strain measurements in vivo and in vitro, and by
      histological observations. Progressive weakening of the stigma region by thinning
      and degeneration is a fundamental aspect of the preovulatory maturation of
      follicles, and it would appear to be a necessary prerequisite to rupture.

PMID- 171406
TI  - A phlogistic function of PGE1 in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal-induced
      inflammation.
AB  - Promotion of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CaPPD) crystal-induced inflammation
      by prostaglandin (PG) E1 has been demonstrated by two new techniques: (1) Rats
      deficient in essential fatty acids, biological precursors of PG, developed less
      footpad swelling than did normal rats following injections of unheated CaPPD.
      Addition of one ng of PGE1 to these crystals resulted in normal swelling. (2)
      This phlogistic effect of PGE1 was also demonstrated in normal rats fed a normal
      dietwho received injections of CaPPD crystals heated to 200 degrees C for three
      hours. The heated crystals induced less footpad swelling than did unheated
      crystals. When one ng of PGE1 was added to the suspensions of heated crystals the
      resultant swelling approximated that obtained by unheated crystals. The possible
      role of PGE1 in mediating CaPPD crystal-induced inflammation is suggested. An
      analysis of urate and CaPPD crytal-induced inflammation is presented with
      comments setting forth the concept that these metabolic crystal disorders are
      membrane diseases.

PMID- 171405
TI  - Interrelationships between prostaglandins, cyclic AMP and steroids in ovulation.
AB  - Ovulation is a complex phenomenon, involving a series of biochemical events
      within the ovary, leading to the rupture of the follicle. This paper summarizes
      recent studies in our laboratory of some of these biochemical changes using the
      rabbit as an experimental model. It has been shown in our laboratory that
      isolated Graafian follicles obtained from oestrous rabbits synthesize steroids
      and cyclic AMP when incubated in vitro. Luteinizing hormone added to the
      incubation medium increased steroidogenesis and cyclic AMP synthesis many fold.
      When follicles were isolated from rabbits at different times following the
      ovulatory stimulus (mating or HCG injection) it was found that the in vitro
      response to LH in terms of steroidogenesis and cylcic AMP synthesis was lost as
      ovulation approached. In contrast, when prostaglandins (PGF and PGE) were
      measured in rabbit Graafian follicles it was found that the PGF and PGE levels
      increased as ovulation approached. From these data and from reports in the
      literature, we have developed a hypothetical model for ovulation in the rabbit
      which may help in a better understanding of the ovulatory process.

PMID- 171407
TI  - Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease without chondrocalcinosis.
AB  - The pseudogout syndrome is usually associated with radiographic evidence of
      articular cartilage calcification. Eight patients who had joints containing
      calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals were studied. Extensive radiographic
      evaluation was obtained in seven patients and a limited evaluation in the other.
      None had evidence of chondrocalcinosis. Six had distinctive radiographic
      abnormalities of the wrists consisting of radiocarpal joint space narrowing and
      sclerosis, and subchondral cystic degeneration of the carpal bones. We conclude
      that calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease and pseudogout can occur
      without radiographic evidence of chondrocalcinosis and that the diagnosis can be
      suggested by characteristic radiographic abnormalities of the wrists.

PMID- 171408
TI  - Predominance of synovial fluid lymphocytes in early rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Evaluation of 158 synovial fluids, mainly from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA) and the crystal deposition fiseases (CDD), revealed differences in the
      differential white blood count and numbers of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (CIB)
      present. Lymphocytes and CIB were increased in RA, suggesting a different
      pathologic mechanism from that of CDD. Lymphocyte-like cells contained CIB
      implying phagocytic capability. Lymphocytes were the initial predominant cell
      type in RA of less than six weeks disease duration. Later polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes increased, possibily representing a secondary non-specific
      inflammatory response similar to that seen in CDD.

PMID- 171409
TI  - Isolation of foamy virus from rhesus, African green and cynomolgus monkey
      Leukocytes.
AB  - Foamy virus (FV) was recovered regularly from the leukocyte of rhesus and
      cynomolgus monkeys and somewhat less often from African green monkey leukocytes.
      Virus was found in virtually all organs of experimentally infected rhesus
      monkeys. No illness or pathologic abnormalities were noted in these animals or in
      any of the naturally infected animals in spite of the prolonged period of viral
      persistence in various organs and tissues.

PMID- 171410
TI  - A second specific endonuclease from Haemophilus aegyptius.

PMID- 171411
TI  - Conformation, co-operativity and ligand binding in human hemoglobin.

PMID- 171413
TI  - Diagnostic uses of the Hill (Logit and Nernst) plots.

PMID- 171412
TI  - Serine substitutions caused by an ochre suppressor in yeast.

PMID- 171414
TI  - Preliminary x-ray diffraction studies on lobster ATP: L-arginine
      phosphotransferase.

PMID- 171416
TI  - Physical mapping of temperature-sensitive mutations of adenoviruses.

PMID- 171415
TI  - Covalently linked message and anti-message (genomic) RNA from a defective
      vesicular stomatitis virus particle.

PMID- 171417
TI  - Circular dichroism estimate of secondary structure of glutamate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 171418
TI  - Initiation of synthesis of the structural proteins of Semliki Forest virus.

PMID- 171419
TI  - Analysis of the allosteric basis for positive and negative co-operativity and
      half-of-the-sites reactivity in yeast and rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3
      phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 171420
TI  - Presence of a herpes simplex virus DNA fragment in an L cell clone obtained after
      infection with irradiated herpes simplex virus I.

PMID- 171421
TI  - Localization and phosphorylation of nuclear, nucleolar and extranucleolar non
      histone proteins of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells.

PMID- 171423
TI  - Accumulation of cAMP and positive inotropic effect evoked by isoproterenol under
      the graded inhibition of phosphodiesterase by papaverine in the isolated rabbit
      papillary muscle.

PMID- 171422
TI  - Cardiac adenylate cyclase. I. Preparation and characterisation of a subcellular
      fraction containing catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 171424
TI  - Herpesvirus antibodies and antigens in patients with cervical anaplasia and in
      controls.
AB  - Antibody activity to herpesvirus hominis type 2 (HVH-2) in 151 women cured of
      cervical carcinoma (60 in situ, 91 invasive) and in 106 controls differed
      significantly, especially between the in situ (73%) and control (17%) groups.
      Sera of 57 patients with cervical atypia showed an increased antibody activity to
      HVH-2 (58%), compared with that of the 57 matched controls (23%). Antibodies to
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected more frequently in sera of women with atypia
      (61%) than in sera of women with cervical disorders other than atypia (42%) or in
      sera of healthy controls (33%). HVH antigens were present in cervical cells from
      patients with atypia and from matched controls. Not only exfoliated (imprints)
      but also cultured and cocultured cervical cells contained HVH antigens; there was
      no correlation between antigen positivity and antibody activity to HVH-2. Our
      data further supported the association between HVH-2 and cervical anaplasia and
      indicated that CMV may also be implicated in its etiology.

PMID- 171425
TI  - Suppression of spontaneous in vitro transformation of autologous leukocytes by
      plasma from convalescent and postconvalescent infectious mononucleosis patients.
AB  - All 14 plasma samples from 13 convalescent and postconvalescent infectious
      mononucleosis (IM) patients suppressed the spontaneous in vitro transformation of
      autologous leukocytes. In contrast, only 2 of 8 plasma samples from patients with
      acute IM suppressed this transformation. All 7 patients whose blood was tested
      both in the acute and convalescent or postconvalescent phases of IM showed either
      a conversion in transformation suppression status from negative to positive or an
      increase in the strength of transformation suppression. Thus recovery from IM
      appeared to be associated with the ability of plasma to suppress the in vitro
      spontaneous transformation of autologous leukocytes.

PMID- 171426
TI  - Loss of ability to synthesize collagen in fibroblasts transformed by rous sarcoma
      virus.
AB  - Transformation of chick embryo fibroblasts by Rous sarcoma virus inhibited their
      ability to synthesize collagen. Kinetic experiments showed that 72 hours after
      infection, collagen synthesis was reduced by 90%. Nontransforming Rous-associated
      viruses did not inhibit collagen synthesis. The inhibition resulted from the
      failure of the cells to synthesize collagen polypeptides rather than from a
      decrease in the activity of prolyl hydroxylase; the levels of prolyl hydroxylase
      were fourfold those in uninfected cells. The addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and
      theophylline, alone or together, did not restore collagen synthesis.

PMID- 171427
TI  - Neoplasms in strains of splenectomized mice after a single 7,12
      dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene treatment.
AB  - The effects of splenectomy on carcinogenesis by a single 10-mg dose of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA) given in olive oil by gavage was tested on
      BTOs, C57BL/60s, C3H/HeOs, and BALB/cOs mice. The splenectomy, performed a week
      before the DMBA was given, did not affect physical status or the incidence of
      acute toxic death of animals. DMBA-treated animals developed neoplasms at a
      significantly higher rate than did untreated mice. Splenectomy did not influence
      the overall incidence of neoplasms. Observed tumors in DMBA-treated groups were
      those of skin, forestomach, colon, liver, lung, adrenal, ovary, breast,
      hematopoietic-lymphoreticular system, and vascular system, depending on the
      strain. Types of DMBA-treated neoplasms were affected by prior splenectomy,
      depending on the strain: Splenectomy inhibited lung adenomas in BALB/cOs females
      and hepatomas in C57BL/60s females; splenectomy enhanced skin neoplasms in
      C57BL/60s and squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach in BTOs males. The most
      significant change was in the incidence of the group of lymphomas. Myelogenous
      leukemia was increased in DMBA-treated groups of all strains, but splenectomy
      inhibited the development of this type of lymphoma.

PMID- 171428
TI  - Simian virus tumor antigen: a virus-specific and preexisting cell protein.
AB  - The tumor (T) antigen of simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed SV3T3 cells was
      immune precipitated with T antiserum obtained from hamsters bearing SV40-induced
      tumors and with rabbit antiserum to hamster cells. The resulting antigen-double
      antibody complexes were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Host components of SV40 T antigen with molecular weights of
      70,000 and 30,000 were detected.

PMID- 171429
TI  - Histologic and electron microscopy observations on diethylnitrosamine-induced
      hepatomas in small aquarium fish (Oryzias latipes).
AB  - Liver neoplasms were induced in medakas (Oryzias latipes) by the addition of
      diethylnitrosamine (DENA) to their aquarium water at levels of 15-135 ppm for 8
      weeks. After 13 weeks, 21 to 32 fish had developed hepatomas. Medakas are useful
      for further studies because they are highly susceptible to the carcinogenic
      effect of DENA, and the time for tumor induction is relatively short. Histologic
      type differed in the lesions of different fish and also within individual tumors.
      Some were typical trabecular hepatomas, others were anaplastic hepatomas or
      cholangiomas, or mixtures of these. Electron microscopy revealed an extensive
      rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in a lamellar pattern, many mitochondria,
      and several round lysosomes in tumor cells. A few fat droplets with occasional
      crystalline ghosts were sometimes in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus was not
      conspicuous. Some cells had highly developed microvilli that showed
      differentiation toward structures resembling bile capillaries.

PMID- 171430
TI  - Murine oncornavirus activation in the pancreas during infection with Venezuelan
      equine encephalitis virus.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of the pancreases of 3-week-old ICR Swiss mice
      infected with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and killed 6 days post
      inoculation (at which time they were moribund) indicated significantly more type
      C particles than were found in uninfected controls. This phenomenon was
      apparently possible because of the microanatomy of the pancreas, in which
      interstital spaces allowed accumulation of virus particles.

PMID- 171431
TI  - Symposium: characterization of oncornaviruses and related viruses--a report.

PMID- 171432
TI  - Differential response to cytochalasin B among cells transformed by DNA and RNA
      tumor viruses.
AB  - Mouse, hamster, rat, human, and chick cells were transformed by RNA and DNA tumor
      viruses: simian virus 40, adenovirus type 7, Kirsten mouse sarcoma virus (Ki
      MuSV), Moloney mouse sarcoma virus, and Rous sarcoma virus. All cultures of
      transformed cells grew to high concentration densities. Normal and transformed
      cells were treated with cytochalasin B (CB) at concentrations preventing
      cytoplasmic cleavage. Cells altered by DNA tumor viruses responded to CB with
      numerous nuclear divisions resulting in highly multinucleated cells. All but one
      line of cells transformed by RNA tumor viruses responded to CB with usually only
      one and occasionally two nuclear divisions. Only binucleated cells were formed.
      One clone of CB-treated BALB/c mouse embryo fibroblasts transformed by Ki-MuSV
      showed numerous cells with four and five nuclei. HOWEVER, IN CONTRASt to cells
      transformed by DNA viruses, few cells had seven or more nuclei. These results
      suggest that, in the presence of CB, cells transformed by DNA tumor viruses show
      uncontrolled nuclear division, whereas cells tranformed by RNA tumor viruses show
      controlled nuclear division.

PMID- 171433
TI  - Effect of adeno-associated virus on cancer expression by herpesvirus-transformed
      hamster cells.
AB  - Infection of herpes simplex virus type-2-transformed hamster tumor cells with
      adeno-associated virus type 1 before inoculation into hamsters specifically
      delayed the appearance of palpable tumors and increased the survival time of the
      animals. The data indicated that a defective virus of humans can influence cancer
      expression by a virus-transformed cell.

PMID- 171434
TI  - Inhibition of in vitro growth of lymphoma cells by macrophages from tumor-bearing
      mice.
AB  - Spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice bearing primary tumors induced by the Moloney
      strain of murine sarcoma virus (MuSV) strongly inhibited the uptake of tritiated
      thymidine (3H-TDR) by RBL-5 lymphoma cells in a 48-hour growth-inhibition assay
      (GIA). This activity was first detected 7 days after MuSV was injected; it peaked
      at 14 days, and was usually no longer detectable after 18-21 days. It could be
      detected at effector cell/target cell ratios between 20:1 and 5:1, at which
      normal spleen cells had a growth-promoting effect. The effector cells in the GIA
      were not T cells, and various depletion experiments suggested that they were
      macrophages. Macrophages of a purity of over 95% were obtained in the glass
      adherent fraction of thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). PEC
      were growth inhibitory when obtained from either normal or MuSV tumor-bearing
      mice. However, at effector cell/target ratios of 2.5:1, only PEC from MuSV tumor
      bearing mice had an effect; PEC from normal mice were inactive. Activity of
      spleen cells in the GIA appeared distinct from T-cell-dependent specific
      cytotoxicity, which was not affected by removal of macrophages. Activity in the
      GIA was nonspecific, and target cells which do not cross-react with RBL-5 cells
      were equally inhibited. Furthermore, spleen cells from mice bearing primary
      tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene were also fully active against RBL-5
      cells. Supernatants from spleen cell cultures obtained from mice 14 days post
      injection with MuSV also inhibited the incorporation of 3H-TDR by RBL-5 cells in
      vitro. However, this effect seemed to be an artifact, since the tumor cells
      proliferated equally well in the presence or absence of the supernatants. In
      contrast, the direct effect of spleen cells from MuSV tumor-bearing mice was
      reflected both by an inhibition of cell proliferation and by inhibition of 3H-TDR
      incorporation.

PMID- 171435
TI  - Local antitumor activity of a primary and an anamnestic response to a syngeneic
      guinea pig hepatoma.
AB  - After intradermal (id) injection, the line-10 hepatoma grew progressively in
      nonimmune guinea pigs, whereas the line-1 hepatoma grew for approximately 2
      weeks, developed central necrosis, ulcerated, and regressed. Growth of the line
      10 hepatoma was suppressed when line-10 hepatoma cells were mixed with
      antigenically distinct line-1 hepatoma cells before id injection into syngeneic
      strain-2 guinea pigs. Mixture of line-10 with irradiated line-1 or viable strain
      2 embryo cells did not inhibit tumor growth. Preimmunization of recipients to
      line-1 cells abrogated the suppression of tumor growth from mixtures of line-1
      and line-10.

PMID- 171436
TI  - Lamellar bodies of the turtle epidermis.

PMID- 171437
TI  - The fine structure of the renopericardial cavity of the cephalopod Octopus
      dofleini martini.

PMID- 171438
TI  - Fine structure of the heart in the Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes.

PMID- 171439
TI  - The formation of granules in the bronchiolar Clara cells of the rat. II. Enzyme
      cytochemistry.

PMID- 171440
TI  - Cuticle formation in parasitic nematodes: ultrastructure of molting and the
      effects of actinomycin-D.

PMID- 171441
TI  - DNA polymerases in polyoma virus-infected mouse kidney cells.
AB  - Infection of arrested mouse kidney cells by polyoma virus results in the
      induction of the cellular 6-8S DNA polymerase activity. Levels of this enzyme
      increase two- to threefold in the cytoplasm but seven- to tenfold in nuclei and
      nuclear extract, suggesting an accumulation of the enzyme in the nucleus.
      Experiments using the inhibitor of DNA synthesis, fluordeoxyuridine, indicate
      that this accumulation is linked to active DNA synthesis. The activity and
      cellular distribution of the small 3.4S DNA polymerase remains unchanged.

PMID- 171442
TI  - Effect of hypertonic conditions on protein synthesis in cells productively
      infected with simian virus 40.
AB  - Hypertonic medium selectively suppressed the synthesis of most host cell
      polypeptides relative to the synthesis of simian virus 40 capsid polypeptides and
      a minority of cellular polypeptides, notably histones. Under optimal hypertonic
      conditions, the synthesis of the major capsid polypeptide (VP1) is enhanced about
      sevenfold relative to host polypeptide synthesis. Because of the small amounts of
      the other nonhistone capsid polypeptides (VP2) and VP3) present in cell lysates,
      it was difficult to quantitate the extent, if any, of their enhancement. The
      maintenance of the restricted pattern of protein synthesis caused by hypertonic
      medium was dependent on continual peptide chain initiations. The resistance of
      viral protein synthesis to hypertonic conditions provides a means of detecting
      relatively low levels of intracellular viral protein synthesis. Analysis of the
      specific activity of the acid-soluble [3H]lysine pool indicated that the rate of
      incorporation of [3H]lysine into protein was an overestimation of the actual rate
      of overall protein synthesis occurring in cells exposed to hypertonic as compared
      to isotonic conditions. Since it is likely that both cellular and viral protein
      synthesis draw lysine from a single pool, this change in pool specific activity
      does not affect the analysis of relative rates of protein synthesis at a given
      level of tonicity.

PMID- 171444
TI  - Qualitative complementation test for temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes
      simplex virus.
AB  - A simple, rapid, qualitative method for classifying temperature-sensitive mutants
      of herpes simplex virus into functional complementation groups has been
      developed. The positive reaction observed in this test reflects the ability of
      mutant pairs to interact by both complementation and recombination.

PMID- 171443
TI  - Differential expression of helper viral structural polypeptides in cells
      transformed by clonal isolates of woolly monkey sarcoma virus.
AB  - Cell lines transformed by woolly monkey sarcoma virus (WSV) in the absence of
      infectious virus production were analyzed for the expression of woolly monkey
      helper viral p30, p12, and gp70 antigens. Several lines produced high levels of
      both p30 and p12, whereas gp70 was not detectable. One transformed clone
      expressed only p12, and in another cell line, none of the helper viral antigens
      were detected. The properties of each sarcoma virus bred true upon transmission,
      indicating that each variant represents a distinct genotype. The different cell
      lines were examined with respect to properties characteristic of the transformed
      state. The in vitro growth properties and oncogenicity of each WSV-transformed
      clone were indistinguishable, indicating that transformation by WSV occurs
      independently of the expression of at least three helper viral polypeptides.

PMID- 171445
TI  - Inhibition by aurintricarboxylic acid and polyethylene sulfonate of RNA
      transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - The in vitro activity of the ribonucleoprotein-dependent RNA transcriptase of
      vesicular stomatitis virions was found to be completely inhibited by low
      concentrations of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) and polyethylene sulfonic acid
      (PES) when these inhibitors were added before the start of the RNA polymerase
      reaction. However, if RNA synthesis was allowed to occur before ATA or PES was
      added, RNA synthesis continued for a short time (10 min or less) in the presence
      of either inhibitor at a concentration which completely inhibited uninitiated
      enzyme. The ability to continue to synthesize RNA in the presence of ATA or PES
      only developed if all four nucleoside triphosphates were present during the
      preincubation period prior to the addition of the inhibitors. The protection was
      apparently not due to the released products of RNA polymerization. The results
      are interpreted as indicating that ATA and PES probably  inhibit some reaction
      other than elongation of RNA chains, and this reaction might be one involved at
      or near initiation sites.

PMID- 171446
TI  - Altered DNA synthesis in a mutant of Salmonella typhimurium that channels
      bacteriophage P22 toward lysogeny.
AB  - Pox-1, a mutant of Salmonella typhimurium, strongly channels P22 toward lysogeny.
      Viral DNA synthesis in this slow-growing mutant is delayed to a greater extent
      than viral protein synthesis. The relative enhancement of c2 repressor synthesis
      results in much higher repressor/DNA synthesis ratios in Pox-1 than in wild-type
      cells. This probably accounts for the high frequency of lysogenization.

PMID- 171447
TI  - Structure of B77 sarcoma virus RNA: stabilization of RNA after packaging.
AB  - Extracellular maturation of Bratislava 77(B77) sarcoma virus RNA involves a
      stabilization of linkage between 35S subunits since the Tm of 60 to 70S RNA in
      the presence of 0.5 M NaCl increases from 56 to 67.5 C as the age of the virus
      increases. This stabilization process is strongly temperature dependent; the rate
      at 45 C is increased fourfold over the rate at 37 C. As a result of the
      instability of the immature RNA, denaturation to subunits occurs at room
      temperature during phenol extraction. This dissociation can be prevented by
      increasing the NaCl concentration during the extraction. The data support a model
      which proposes that RNA subunits of oncornaviruses exist as assembled 60 to 70S
      RNA even in immature virions but that the linkages between subunits are
      stabilized as a function of time. These linkages appear to be maintained by
      nucleotide base pairing rather than by protein. However, isolated RNA does not
      undergo stabilization, suggesting that some other component of the virion is
      necessary for the process to occur.

PMID- 171448
TI  - Transcription of simian virus 40. V. Regulattion of simian virus 40 gene
      expression.
AB  - RNA "exhaustion type" hybridization was used to measure the complementarity of
      nuclear and cytoplasmic viral RNA to the early (E) and late (L) simian virus 40
      (SV40) DNA strands. This type of hybridization measures the amount of labeled RNA
      complementary to each of the two DNA strands, rather than the fraction of each
      SV40 DNA strand that is homologous to SV40 RNA. At 48 h after infection, about 5%
      of the nuclear newly synthesized viral RNA was complementary to the E-strand (-
      strand) and 95% was complementary to the L-strand (+ strand). This proportion was
      independent of the labeling time, indicating similar accumulation of the E- and L
      RNA transcripts in the nucleus. The nuclear E- and L-viral RNA transcripts
      sedimented in a similar manner on sucrose gradients. Of the cytoplasmic viral RNA
      only about 1% was complementary to the E-strand, these molecules sedimenting at
      19S, whereas 99% were complementary to the L-strand and sedimented at 19S and
      16S. The abundance of E-RNA transcripts in nuclei of cells infected with serially
      passaged virus was about four times higher than that in nuclei of cells infected
      with plaque-purified virus; however, the size and proportion of the corresponding
      cytoplasmic E- and L-RNA transcripts was independent of the type of virus used to
      infect the cells. According to these results at least two control mechanisms
      regulate viral gene expression in productively infected cells, one operates at
      the trnascriptional level and the second at the post-transcriptional level.

PMID- 171449
TI  - Host influence on the activity of genes c1 and c3 in regulating the decision
      between lysis and lysogency in bacteriophage P22.
AB  - A Polymyxin B-sensitive mutant of Salmonella typhimurium (Pox-1) channels all
      infecting wild-type P22 toward lysogenization. The efficiency of this channeling
      is sufficiently high that P22c+ (wild type) cannot form plaques on Pox-1; phage
      mutants defective in repressor synthesis (P22c1, c2, c3) or refractory toward
      repressor (P22vir B) can form plaques. The lytic growth of all phages which have
      a functional c1 gene is retarded in Pox-1; this retardation is seen even in
      phages which cannot make repressor. We present experiments which are consistent
      with the explanation that the retardation is an exaggeration of a normal
      regulatory event. In a wild-type host, P22 genes c1 and c3 products, host RNA
      polymerase, and other host factors (?) interact at a promotor site (c27) IN THE
      PHAGE DNA. This interaction promotes repressor synthesis and represses
      transcription of lytic genes. In the mutant Pox-1, a host product involved in
      viral DNA synthesis and transcription is altered. The altered host product
      results in stronger retardation of lytic gene transcription. The importance of
      this interaction in the decision between lysis and lysogeny is discussed. The
      mutant Pox-1 alters the expression or activity of another phage gene. Gene c3
      product is absolutely required for lysogenization in this host, although it is
      not so required in wild-type S. typhimurium.

PMID- 171450
TI  - Biochemical and biophysical characteristics of diarrhea viruses of human and calf
      origin.
AB  - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of purified preparations of human and
      calf diarrhea viruses indicated eight polypeptide components, or possibly nine in
      the case of the calf diarrhea virus. Thermal denaturation and analytical studies
      of the calf diarrhea virus genome showed it to consist of 11 double-stranded
      segments of RNA. The placing of the human and calf diarrhea viruses together with
      other similar viruses into a genus separate from reovirus and orbivirus, but
      within the family Reoviridae, is discussed.

PMID- 171452
TI  - N-terminal amino acid sequences in the major capsid proteins of foot-and-mouth
      disease virus types A, O, and C.
AB  - Sequences of amino acids at the N-termini of virus proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3
      were determined for foot-and-mouth disease virus types A12 strain 119, O1Brugge
      and C3Resende. In the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system used to purify
      the proteins, VP3 migrated faster than VP1 or VP2; and in the virion, VP3 could
      be cleaved by trypsin into VP3a and VP3b. The N-terminal amino acids for each of
      the virus types were glycine in VP1, aspartic acid in VP2, and threonine in VP3.
      No divergences in sequence across the virus types were indicated until at least
      the fourth position in VP1, and the third in VP3. For virus types A12, O1 and C3,
      the sequences were, respectively: for VP1 (Gly-ile-phe,pro,val---), (Gly,ile,phe-
      -) and Gly-ile-phe,ala---); for VP2 (Asp,X,met---), (Asp---) and Asp-leu---); and
      for VP3 (Thr-thr-ala-thr---), (Thr-thr-ser---) and (Thr-thr---). Unresolved
      mixtures of VP3a and VP3b, from either A12 or O1 viruses, appeared to have the N
      terminal amino acids threonine, which is presumed to be the same threonine as in
      uncleaved VP3 and serine, which is generated by the tryptic cleavage.

PMID- 171451
TI  - Simian virus 40-specific proteins in HeLa cells infected with nondefective
      adenovirus 2-simian virus 40 hybrid viruses.
AB  - The synthesis of simian virus 40 (SV40)-specific proteins in HeLa cells infected
      with the nondefective adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-SV40 hybrid viruses, Ad2+ND2, Ad2+ND3,
      Ad2+ND4, and Ad2+ND5, was investigated. Infected-cell proteins were labeled with
      radioactive amino acids late after infection, when host protein synthesis was
      shut off, and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate. All polypeptides normally seen in Ad2-infected cells were
      found in cells infected by the hybrid viruses. In addition to the Ad2-specific
      proteins, cells infected with Ad2+ND2 contain two SV40-specific proteins with
      apparent molecular weights of 42,000 and 56,000, cells infected with Ad2+ND4
      contain one protein with an apparent molecular weight of 56,000, and cells
      infected with Ad2+ND5 contain one protein with an apparent molecular weight of
      42,000. Cells infected with Ad2+ND3 do not contain detectable amounts of proteins
      not seen during Ad2 infection. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrate that the SV40
      specific proteins induced by Ad2+ND2, Ad2+ND4, and Ad2+ND5 are metabolically
      unstable. These proteins are not present in purified virions. Two nonstructural
      Ad2-specific proteins have been demonstrated in Ad2 and hybrid virus-infected
      cells which have a smaller apparent molecular weight after a short pulse than
      after a pulse followed by a chase. The molecular weight increase during the chase
      may be caused by the addition of carbohydrate to a polypeptide backbone.

PMID- 171453
TI  - Properties and origins of infectious rhinovirus type 14 particles of different
      buoyant densities.
AB  - Isopycnic centrifugation of rhinovirus type 14 (RV14), purified from infected
      HeLa or KB cell cultures, into CsCl gradients resolved two bands of infectious
      virus particles with buoyant density values of 1.409 +/- 0.007 (H virus) and
      1.386 +/- 0.004 (L virus) g/ml. Only H virus was detected by incorporation of
      radiolabeled uridine into viral RNA, and H virus accounted for the majority of
      infectivity in gradients. H and L virus could not be differentiated by plaque
      morphology, extent of neutralization by RV14-specific antiserum, or particle
      size. Electron microscope studies showed that most L-virus particles were
      associated with an amorphous material. Treatment of L virus with proteolytic
      enzymes or rebanding L virus in CsCl gradients resulted in recovery of the
      majority of infectivity as H virus. Virus purified from cell-free fluids from
      infected HeLa or KB cell cultures banded only as H virus. HeLa cell cultures
      challenged with purified H virus and harvested at 3 h postinoculation for virus
      purification yielded only infectious H virus. Both H and L viruses were detected
      in cell cultures that had been challenged with purified H virus and harvested at
      12 h postinoculation. The data suggest that H virus represents progeny virus,
      whereas L virus represents sequestered infectious virus particles which become
      associated with an amorphous material and do not enter into viral replicative
      processes.

PMID- 171455
TI  - Comparison of the virion proteins specified by herpes simplex virus types 1 and
      2.
AB  - Purified herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) virions were found to contain
      approximately the same number of polypeptides as HSV type 1 (HSV-1) virions.
      Comparisons of the structural proteins specified by five independent HSV-2
      isolates revealed some minor differences in their electrophoretic profiles on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels; certain invariant features of the
      electrophoretic profiles, however, allowed clear differentiation between all the
      HSV-2 isolates and HSV-1.

PMID- 171454
TI  - Proteins specified by herpes simplex virus. XIII. Glycosylation of viral
      polypeptides.
AB  - In the course of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replication in human epidermoid
      carcinoma no. 2 cells, the synthesis and glycosylation of host cell proteins
      ceases and is replaced by the synthesis and glycosylation of virus-specified
      polypeptides. Analyses of the synthesis of viral glycoproteins show that the
      glycosylation of viral polypeptides occurs late in the virus growth cycle and
      that certain of the precursors to major vital glycoproteins are members of the
      gamma group of polypeptides, i.e., polypeptides synthesized at increasing rates
      until 12 to 15 h postinfection. Viral glycoproteins are formed by stepwise
      additions of heterosaccharide chains to completed precursor polypeptides. The
      precursor and the highly glycosylated product are separable by gel
      electrophoresis and are localized in different fractions of infected cells.
      Within 15 min of their synthesis, precursor polypeptides acquire heterosaccharide
      chains of about 2,000 molecular weight, which contain glucosamine but little or
      nor fucose or sialic acid. Both precursor and product of this first stage of
      glycosylation are absent or present in low concentrations in the surface
      membranes of the infected cell and in the virion. The partially glycosylated
      product is then conjugated further in a slow, discontinuous process to form the
      mature glycoprotein of the virion and plasma membrane. These mature products bear
      large heterosaccharide units with molecular weights greater than 4,000 to 5,000;
      these contain fucose and sialic acid as well as glucosamine. Heterosaccharide
      chains from infected and uninfected cells are distributed among discrete size
      classes and the smallest chains consist of multiple saccharide residues.

PMID- 171457
TI  - Amounts of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in somatic cell hybrids between burkitt
      lymphoma-derived cell lines.
AB  - The amounts of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in somatic cell hybrids between human
      lymphoid cell lines were found to be higher than in the parental cell lines,
      although the hybrids were not induced to spontaneous virus production.

PMID- 171456
TI  - Method of examining viral RNA metabolism in cells in culture: metabolism of
      vesicular stomatitis virus RNA.
AB  - A method is described for radioactively labeling viral RNA and then quickly
      halting further incorporation of radioactive precursor into RNA so that the fate
      of the labeled RNA can be followed. Small complementary RNAs synthesized during
      vesicular stomatitis virus infection in the presence of cycloheximide do not
      metabolize to virion length molecules when protein synthesis inhibition is
      reversed.

PMID- 171458
TI  - Should patients with zoster receive zoster immune globulin?
AB  - Zoster developed in 55 patients, and 15, generalized disease occurred. Twelve of
      14 patients with dissemination had prompt appearance of both complement-fixing
      (CF) antibody and fluorescent antibody against varicella-zoster (VS) membrane
      antigen (FAMA). The geometric mean titers of VZ antibody from the first to the
      fifth and the sixth through the tenth days following onset of zoster were similar
      in patients with localized and generalized involvement. Two patients with
      disseminated zoster had undetectable CF antibody, but VZ FAMA was demonstrable.
      Because the clinical course of zoster appears to be unrelated to the serologic
      response to VZ virus, it is unlikely that administration of antibody with zoster
      would be benefit in this disease.

PMID- 171459
TI  - Letter: Phenytoin in metastatic insulinoma.

PMID- 171460
TI  - The respiratory effects of chloromethyl methyl ether.
AB  - A prospective study of 125 chemical workers was carried out for ten years to
      investigate the incidence of lung cancer. Some of the men were exposed to
      chloromethyl methyl ether containing bis(chloromethyl) ether as an impurity.
      Bronchogenic carcinoma was markedly increased among them, with a strong dose
      response relationship. An unexpected inverse relationship was noted between
      smoking and the incidence of lung cancer. The neoplasms (all small-cell
      carcinomas) occurred in relatively young men. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis were
      reported more often among men exposed to chloromethyl ether, and a dose-response
      relationship was apparent, with smoking a cofactor. Ventilatory function was not
      significantly affected by chemical exposure. Periodic screening over the first
      five years of the study showed a decrease in chronic coughing and an increase in
      dyspnea while chemical exposure was diminishing.

PMID- 171461
TI  - Editorial: VIP and WDHA.

PMID- 171462
TI  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma) of the trachea masquerading as asthma.
AB  - A 40-year-old woman was admitted with upper airway obstruction; chest
      roentgenogram with tomograms, laryngoscopy, and bronchoscopy verified the
      presence of a subglottic tumor. Spirometry disclosed a maximum inspiratory flow
      rate more reduced than in the maximum expiratory flow rate, suggestive of upper
      airway obstruction. The pathologic conditions were consistent with cystic adenoid
      carcinoma (cylindroma) of the trachea. The patient underwent tracheostomy and
      total laryngectomy with an uneventful recovery. No evidence of local extension or
      distant metastases were evident at time of surgery.

PMID- 171464
TI  - Interaction in culture between mouse ascites hepatoma (MH-134) cells and lymphoid
      cells of isologous mice.
AB  - Thymocytes or lymphocytes of mesenteric lymph nodes were obtained from mice
      bearing subcutaneously mouse ascites hepatoma MH-134 for 5 to 40 days. These
      lymphoid cells were added into the cultures of MH-134 cells. Morphological
      changes of cells in the mixed cultures were observed by time-lapse
      cinemicrography for the period of 4 weeks. Lymphoid cells were phagocytosed by MH
      134 cells, and, in most cases, the tumor cells did not undergo any damage due to
      the phagocytosis. The exceptional cases were as follows: When MH-134 cells were
      mixed with thymocytes from mice bearing MH-134 tumor for 5 days, MH-134 cells
      phagocytosed thymocytes but some of them died later. In the mixed cultures of MH
      134 cells and thymocytes or mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes from mice bearing
      MH-134 for 14 or 15 days, MH-134 cells phagocytosed lymphoid cells but died later
      by the burst of cytoplasm. By the burst many lymphoid cells phagocytosed appeared
      from the broken cytoplasm of MH-134 cells and, in some cases, the lymphoid cells
      looked to be alive. These findings suggest the possibility that lymphoid cells
      attack tumor cells not only from the cell surface but also from the inside being
      phagocytosed by tumor cells.

PMID- 171463
TI  - Cortisol secretion in Nelson syndrome: Persistence after "total" adrenalectomy
      for Cushing syndrome.
AB  - In two patients who were severely pigmented (Nelson syndrome) following bilateral
      adrenalectomy for Cushing syndrome, symptoms of hyper-cortisolism developed while
      they were receiving only physiologic steroid replacement. Cortical assays proved
      that endogenous cortisol production had not been obliterated. Even after total
      adrenalectomy, steroid measurement should be performed to guard against
      adrenocortical excess.

PMID- 171465
TI  - Pathogenicity of mouse hepatitis virus for mice depending upon host age and route
      of infection.
AB  - Day-old to 4-week-old mice from a breeder colony which had been seromonitored to
      be free from mouse hepatitis virus infection, were tested for susceptibility to
      the virus by different routes of inoculation. After intraperitoneal, intravenous
      and intracerebral inoculation of 10(2) or more plaque-forming units of the virus,
      mice of all ages died of acute hepatitis. While day-old mice died also after
      subcutaneous, intranasal and peroral routes of inoculation, those 3 weeks or more
      of age resisted to infection by these routes. To intranasal inoculation mice 1
      and 2 weeks of age were fully susceptible but some of the resisted to peroral
      inoculation. In the course of non-fatal infection in 4-week-old mice after
      intranasal inoculation, viremia and production of some hepatic lesions were
      recognized and infection became fatal in association with cortisone treatment.
      The results suggested that the intranasal route of infection may be of importance
      for spreading of infection in mouse breeding colonies in which inapparent
      infection is prevailing.

PMID- 171466
TI  - Carcinogenesis in tissue culture 24: tumorigenicity and aggregate-forming
      capacity of mammalian cells in culture.
AB  - Twenty two kinds of strains and substrains of mammalian cells were cultivated on
      a gyratory shaker to obtain cell aggregates. The relationship between the
      morphology of aggregates and tumorigenicity of the cells was investigated. In
      some groups of cells, the size of aggregates corresponded with their
      tumorigenicity, e.g. among rat liver cells untreated, hepatoma cells produced by
      back-transplantation of rat liver cells after the treatment with a chemical
      carcinogen in tissue culture, and the hepatoma cells passaged serially through
      rats. The correspondence, however, was generalized to not all the cell strains.
      It was impossible to identify the tumorigenicity of cells by their aggregate
      forming capacity.

PMID- 171467
TI  - Sex difference in the development of fatty liver by orotic acid.
AB  - Effects of orotic acid on liver lipid accumulation and incorporation of
      methionine [methyl-14C] into liver phosphatidylcholine and protein, and into
      serum beta-lipoprotein were studied. Male and female rats of Wistar strain were
      fed a semisynthetic diet supplemented with 1 per cent orotic acid for 7 days.
      Feeding of orotic acid induced a marked fatty liver in female rats, but not in
      males. In female rats, radioactivity in liver phosphatidylcholine was
      significantly decreased by orotic acid, and that in liver protein was slightly
      decreased. In male rats, incorporation of methionine [methyl-14C] into liver
      phosphatidylcholine and protein was unchanged between the control and the rats
      fed orotic acid. Radioactivity in serum beta-lipoprotein was decreased to a
      greater extent in female rats than in males. These results suggest that sex
      difference in the development of fatty liver may be due to the difference in the
      effect of orotic acid on liver phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.

PMID- 171468
TI  - Studies on canine oral papillomatosis. II. Oncogenicity of canine oral papilloma
      virus to various tissues of dog with special reference to eye tumor.

PMID- 171469
TI  - Studies on reovirus infection in canine cells by the fluorescent antibody
      technique.

PMID- 171470
TI  - [Familial glucocorticoid insufficiency (author's transl)].
AB  - Familial glucocortivoid insufficiency--also called hereditary lack of response of
      the adrenals to ACTH-has not yet been described in Europe. Isolated
      glucocorticoid insufficiency combined with intact secretion of aldosterone and
      high plasma level of ACTH are characteristic. The diagnostic difficulties are
      demonstrated by the deaths before diagnosis of 13 siblings of 21 patients from 9
      families. One such family is described. The first of 3 children died at the age
      of 3-1/2 years after a two day illness interpreted as encephalitis. Another boy,
      aged 4-1/2 years, had a hypoglycemic attack. 3 months later he died in status
      epilepticus after a short feverish illness. At autopsy the adrenals were very
      small. Histologically only the glomerulous zone was developed. An the hypophysis
      there was hyperplasia of the R cells producing ACTH. The 6 year old sister had
      been pronouncedly pigmented from the age of a few months onwards. Age in terms of
      height and bone development corresponded to 8-1/2 and 7-1/2 years. After
      intravenous insulin and synacthen plasmacorticoids could not be found. With
      normal and low supply of salt, the following data were found: Renin-activity 2.9
      and 5.6 ng/ml p.h. respectively; rate of aldosterone secretion 62.6 and 151.5
      mug/24 hrs.; average aldosterone plasma concentration 9.39 and 27.7 ng/100 ml
      respectively; MCR 666 and 5471 p/24 hrs. Plasma ACTH in this patient (5086--7200
      pg/ml) and, post mortem, in her brother (8100 pg/ml), were extremely reaised.

PMID- 171471
TI  - [Results of catamnestic, neurological and psychological investigations in
      children suffering from cytomegaly virus infection, diagnosed in neonates
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Report on results of follow-up in 10 children, in 9 of whom clinical findings at
      the age between 6 and 11 months suggested the diagnosis of connatal cytomegaly.
      All 10 children secreted cytomegaly virus in the urine. In 3 of them post-natal
      infection appears probable. Follow-up was carried out at the ages between 3 and
      5.9 years. Physical development was delayed in 4, severe neurologic damage
      occurred in 2, medium severe or minimal, in part reversible, neurologic signs in
      3 childrens. The 2 most severely neurologically damaged children could not be
      examined psychologically. The IQ of the other 8 was between 92 and 105. 3
      children showed in individual other tests only minor, insignificant loss of
      performance, 2 more pronounced defects which suggested cerebral damage.

PMID- 171472
TI  - [Investigation of cyclic renal adenosinmonophosphate (yamp)-excretion in
      pseudohypoparathyreoidism (author's transl)].
AB  - Report on a boy aged 6-1/2 years with pseudohypoparathyroidism. This is due to a
      genetic lack of PTH inducible adenocyclase. Even during vitamin D treatment renal
      camp formation by giving PTH extract cannot be stimulated, while in this
      situation. PTH shows a clearly phosphaturic effect. Whether this is due to a PTH
      potentiated vitamin D effect is discussed. The assay of camp in urine before and
      after stimulation with PTH extract has proved the most certain diagnostic
      criterion.

PMID- 171473
TI  - [Ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of Wilms tumors (author's transl)].
AB  - The usefulness of ultrasound for distinguishing between Wilms tumor and
      hydronephrosis is shown in a case where radiographic signs were not clear.
      Ultrasound always permits differentiation between cystic and solid tumors.

PMID- 171475
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of para-influenza and influenza A2 (England) 42-72 in
      patients under observation in a polyclinic].

PMID- 171474
TI  - [Plasma ACTH and Nelson tumors in bilaterally adrenalectomized Cushing patients].
AB  - Bilaterally adrenalectomized patients (18) because of Cushing's syndrome were
      studied. 16 of these 18 persons exhibited fairly high plasma ACTH levels.
      Distinctly elevated plasma ACTH levels were observed in 6 of them. 5 patients of
      this group showed an enlarged sella and deep pigmentation of the skin. 4 of the
      latter group had a mucoid cell adenoma which was removed selectively. After the
      surgery the ACTH values were found to be within normal range without any
      significant endocrine dysfunction of the pituitary. A long-term ACTH survey
      revealed that the ACTH levels remained within the ranges of bilaterally
      adrenalectomized Cushing patients without concomitant enlargement of the sella or
      pigmentation.

PMID- 171476
TI  - Letter: Institutional outbreak of ectromelia.

PMID- 171477
TI  - Paracrystalloids from mitochondria in thyroid follicular cells. Normal occurrence
      and experimental induction.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the follicular cells of the thyroid gland of bats caught in
      early June, when the euthyroid state is being restored following the phase of
      great thyroid activity that occurs at arousal, was studied. Several
      ultrastructural features were found which had not been observed in animals caught
      at other periods of the annual life cycle. The most striking ultrastructural
      feature was the presence in many cells of prominent, large membrane-enclosed
      paracrystalloid bodies. The paracrystalloids exceeded 6.0 mum in length and were
      approximately 1.0 mum. in width. Examination of transition forms showed that
      paracrystalloids were derived from mitochondria and were formed by the
      reorganization of the cristae into parallel closely apposed membranes. The
      membranes run longitudinally in loops from one end of the mitochondrion to the
      other. Similar mitochondrial alterations were observed in rats by duplicating the
      thyroid conditions of the June bat. Rats were given thiouracil for 10 weeks
      followed by L-triiodothyronine injection. These animals all showed similar
      mitochondrial-paracrystalline alterations which were not seen in
      hypophysectomized animals or animals given L-triiodothyronine alone. Mitochondria
      from thyroids of rats given thiouracil alone showed an increase in size and
      number and changes in shape and internal structure. The results of the bat and
      rat studies suggest that rapid shutdown of active follicular cells appears to
      promote thyroid paracrystalloid formation from mitochondria.

PMID- 171478
TI  - Virus-induced abortion. Studies of equine herpesvirus 1 (abortion virus) in
      hamsters.
AB  - A hamster-adapted strain of equine herpesvirus-1 (equine abortion virus) caused
      severe hepatic degeneration in both pregnant and nonpregnant hamsters and, in
      addition, regularly induced abortion in pregnant hamsters inoculated at
      midgestation. In nonpregnant hamsters, the only consistently affected organ was
      the liver despite a prolonged viremia. Newborn animals usually died 1 to 2 days
      after inoculation; adults died 5 to 9 days after inoculation. In pregnant
      hamsters, the virus had a tropism for the placenta as well as the liver. The
      placental infection was confined almost exclusively to one cell type in the fetal
      portion of the placenta: the trophoblast cells of the syncytiotrophoblast zone.
      Necrosis of this zone led to fetal death and abortion. Infection of the fetus did
      not occur.

PMID- 171479
TI  - Oligodendrocytes and their myelin-plasma membrane connections in JHM mouse
      hepatitis virus encephalomyelitis.
AB  - Mice infected with JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus develop a demyelinating
      encephalomyelitis. Myelin sheaths are stripped off axons by invading macrophages
      after degeneration of the infected oligodendrocytes. The derivation of the virus
      from granular cytoplasmic particles that condense around and bud into endoplasmic
      reticulum is demonstrated. The infected oligodendrocytes undergo hypertrophic
      changes prior to degeneration. Hypertrophic cells are characterized by abundant
      microtubules, filaments, mitochondria, aggregates of electron-dense particles,
      and numerous, unusual plasma membrane connections to myelin lamellae. Vacular and
      hydropic changes are prominent in degenerating cells. The significance of finding
      infected oligodendrocytes with altered myelin-plasma membrane connections is
      discussed with reference to the pathogenesis of recurrent, postinfectious
      demyelination known to develop subsequent to acute virus infections.

PMID- 171480
TI  - Phalloidin-induced hyperplasia of actin filaments in rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 171481
TI  - Measurement of collagen biosynthesis during wound healing.

PMID- 171482
TI  - The bone scan in the breast cancer patient.

PMID- 171483
TI  - Mechanism of action of steroid hormones.

PMID- 171485
TI  - Correlation of glucocorticoid and progestational activity with steric, electronic
      and hydrophobic parameters.

PMID- 171484
TI  - Steroids and carcinogenesis.

PMID- 171486
TI  - X-ray conformation of some estrogens and their binding to uterine receptors.

PMID- 171487
TI  - Organization of androgen biosynthesis in the testis.

PMID- 171488
TI  - The stereochemistry of enzymic reduction of 21-dehydrocortisol to cortisol.

PMID- 171489
TI  - On the role of steroid sulfates in hormone biosynthesis.

PMID- 171490
TI  - Isolated adrenal cortex cells in suspension: stimulation and inhibition of
      steroidogenesis by analogues of ACTH.

PMID- 171491
TI  - Measurement of intracellular potassium in dispersed adrenal cortical cells.

PMID- 171492
TI  - A counter-streaming centrifugation technique for the superfusion of
      adrenocortical cell suspensions stimulated by ACTH.

PMID- 171493
TI  - Properties of high spin type P-450 preparations from bovine adrenal cortex
      mitochondria.

PMID- 171494
TI  - A comparative study of the androgen receptor apparatus in adult rodents.

PMID- 171495
TI  - In vitro assay of androgen binding by human prostate.

PMID- 171496
TI  - Structure-function studies of the interaction of the hormonally active form of
      vitamin D3, 1alpha, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3, with the intestine.

PMID- 171497
TI  - Influence of receptor complexes on the properties of prostate chromatin,
      including its transcription by RNA polymerase.

PMID- 171498
TI  - A molecular and kinetic analysis of estrogen receptor transformation.

PMID- 171499
TI  - Receptor translocation inhibitor and apparent saturability of the nuclear
      acceptor.

PMID- 171500
TI  - Biosynthesis and transformation of microsomal and cytosol estradiol receptors.

PMID- 171501
TI  - Oestrogen-induced progesterone receptor in human uterus.

PMID- 171502
TI  - Oestradiol receptor levels in the human fallopian tube during the menstrual cycle
      and after menopause.

PMID- 171503
TI  - Genetic regulation of the androgen receptor--a study of testicular feminization
      in the mouse.

PMID- 171504
TI  - The influence of androgen receptors on the concentration of androgens in nuclei
      of hormone-responsive cells.

PMID- 171505
TI  - Screening for anti-hormones by receptor studies.

PMID- 171506
TI  - Early events in the action of glucocorticoids in developing tissues.

PMID- 171507
TI  - Steroids and the maturation of rat tissues.

PMID- 171508
TI  - Estriol conjugates in body fluids in late human pregnancy.

PMID- 171509
TI  - Estriol assays in obstetrics.

PMID- 171510
TI  - Steroids and human breast cancer.

PMID- 171511
TI  - Androgens in postmenopausal breast cancer: excretion, production and interaction
      with estrogens.

PMID- 171512
TI  - Steroid hormone receptors in human breast cancer and the clinical significance.

PMID- 171513
TI  - Dynamic aldosterone and 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone studies in labile and
      stable benign essential hypertension.

PMID- 171515
TI  - Effect of ACTH on the total pregnenolone content of the adrenal gland and its
      subcellular distribution.

PMID- 171514
TI  - Rhythms of ACTH and corticosteroid secretion in health and disease, and their
      experimental modification.

PMID- 171516
TI  - Progesterone-binding properties of microsomes from pregnant rat uterus.

PMID- 171517
TI  - "Unbound" ligand adsorption on dextran-coated charcoal: practical considerations.

PMID- 171518
TI  - Steroid production by the isolated rabbit ovarian follicle. IV. Effects of cyclic
      nucleotides.

PMID- 171519
TI  - Metabolism of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in cultured rat hepatoma
      cells.

PMID- 171520
TI  - Studies of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase from yeast mitochondria.
      Reconstitution of ATP-32Pi exchange in the presence of phospholipids.
AB  - A purified preparation of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase from yeast mitochondria
      has been shown to elicit an oligomycin- and uncoupler-senstitive ATP-32Pi
      exchange in the presence of phospholipids. Reconstitution was normally achieved
      by dialysis of an ATPase-phospholipid-cholate mixture. Following this procedure,
      vesicles with diameters between 200 and 1,500 A were seen by electron microscopy.
      As in mitochondria, ATPase activity in the reconstituted system was stimulated by
      a range of uncouplers which inhibited ATP-32Pi exchange. These and other findings
      suggest that the coupling mechanism may still be intact within the ATPase
      complex.

PMID- 171521
TI  - Magnetic resonance and kinetic studies of the mechanism of membrane-bound sodium
      and potassium ion- activated adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - EPR and water proton relaxation rate (1/T1) studies of partially (40%) and
      "fully" (90%) purified preparations of membrane-bound (Na+ + K+) activated ATPase
      from sheep kidney indicate one tight binding site for Mn2+ per enzyme dimer, with
      a dissociation constant (KD = 0.88 muM) in agreement with the kinetically
      determined activator constant, identifying this Mn2+-binding site as the active
      site of the ATPase. Competition studies indicate that Mg2+ binds at this site
      with a dissociation constant of 1 mM in agreement with its activator constant.
      Inorganic phosphate and methylphosphonate bind to the enzyme-Mn2+ complex with
      similar high affinities and decrease 1/T1 of water protons due to a decrease from
      four to three in the number of rapidly exchanging water protons in the
      coordination sphere of enzyme-bound Mn2+. The relative effectiveness of Na+ and
      K+ in facilitating ternary complex formation with HPO2-4 and CH3PO2-3 as a
      function of pH indicates that Na+ induces the phosphate monoanion to interact
      with enzyme-bound Mn2+. Thus protonation of an enzyme-bound phosphoryl group
      would convert a K+-binding site to a Na+-binding site. Dissociation constants for
      K+ and Na+, estimated from NMR titrations, agreed with kinetically determined
      activator constants of these ions consistent with binding to the active site.
      Parallel 32Pi-binding studies show negligible formation (less than 7%) of a
      covalent E-P complex under these conditions, indicating that the NMR method has
      detected an additional noncovalent intermediate in ion transport. Ouabain, which
      increases the extent of phosphorylation of the enzyme to 24% at pH 7.8 and to
      106% at pH 6.1, produced further decreases in 1/T1 of water protons. Preliminary
      31P- relaxation studies of CH3PO2-3 in the presence of ATPase and Mn2+ yield an
      Mn to P distance (6.9 +/- 0.5 A) suggesting a second sphere enzyme-Mn-ligand
      CH3PO2-3 complex. Previous kinetic studies have shown that T1+ substitutes for K+
      in the activation of the enzyme but competes with Na+ at higher levels. From the
      paramagnetic effect of Mn2+ at the active site on the enzyme on I/T1 of 205T1
      bound at the Na+ site, a Mn2+ to T1+ distance of 4.0 +/- 0.1 A is calculated,
      suggesting the sharing of a common ligand atomy by Mn2+ and T1+ on the ATPase.
      Addition of Pi increases this distance to 5.4 A consistent with the insertion of
      P between Mn2+ and T1+. These results are consistent with a mechanism for the
      (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and for ion transport in which the ionization state of Pi at a
      single enzyme active site controls the binding and transport of Na+ and K+, and
      indicate that the transport site for monovalent cations is very near the
      catalytic site of the ATPase. Our mechanism also accounts for the order of
      magnitude weaker binding of Na+ compared to K+.

PMID- 171522
TI  - Estrogen and estrogen receptors of breast cancer.
AB  - Human breast cancer can be divided into a group that contains specific receptor
      sites for estrogen and a group without such specific estrogen-binding sites. The
      presence of specific estrogen receptors in some tumors indicating hormonal
      dependency has been shown to be of predictive value for endocrine treatment. This
      would greatly improve therapeutic planning for patients with breast cancer. Tumor
      tissue from 52 patients was investigated for content of both cytosol estrogen and
      estrogen receptor. In addition, the total tumor estrogen was also determined in
      14 of these tumors. The results of this investigation show two distinct groups:
      one group containing both estrogen receptor and estrogen and a second group with
      no receptor but with measurable amount of estrogen. Tumors with estrogen
      receptors have higher tissue levels of estrogen than tumors without specific
      estrogen receptor. Even in the absence of estrogen recptor, however, most tumor
      tissue examined contained a measurable amount of estrogen.

PMID- 171524
TI  - Uremic neuropathy. III. Controlled study of restricted protein and fluid diet and
      infrequent hemodialysis versus conventional hemodialysis treatment.
AB  - The effect of a treatment schedule of restricted protein and fluid intake and of
      infrequent hemodialysis (schedule 1) as compared to a conventional hemodialysis
      treatment schedule (schedule 2) on the presence and severity of peripheral
      neuropathy has been studied in a small group of patients using a crossover
      design. Using the neurologic evaluation and quantitative assessment of cutaneous
      sensation and of nerve conduction as indices of peripheral nerve function, we
      have not demonstrated any worsening of peripheral nerve function from markedly
      curtailing the frequency of hemodialysis and modifying the diet. Because of the
      small size of the study, the preponderance of patients receiving the test
      treatment schedule first, and the possibility that nerve function slowly worsens
      with time, it is not possible to say with certainty that the test or the control
      treatment schedule might adversely affect peripheral nerve function. If such an
      effect is present it would appear to be small.

PMID- 171523
TI  - Protective effect of methylprednisolone on the heart during ischemic arrest.
AB  - Although corticosteroids have been shown to stabilize lysosomal membranes and
      prevent release of hydrolytic enzymes, the mechanism of membrane stabilization
      remains obscure. The few reports regarding the use of steroids in myocardial
      ischemia have been conflicting. This study was undertaken to determine if a
      pharmacologic dose of the glucocorticoid methylprednisolone would protect the
      heart during ischemic cardiac arrest. A randomized double-blind study was
      performed in 25 dogs. Biochemical and hemodynamic parameters were assessed during
      and after cardiopulmonary bypass and after 30 minutes of ischemic cardiac arrest.
      Animals were divided into two groups. Group I served as controls and consisted of
      dogs injected intravenously with the vehicle of methylprednisolone 18 hours and 1
      hour prior to experiment. Group II comprised dogs injected with
      methylprednisolone, 30 mg. per kilogram, IV, at the same time periods. Blood pH,
      gases, and electrolytes were measured; aortic, left atrial, and left ventricular
      pressures were monitored; the first derivative of the left ventricular pressure
      (dp/dt max.) was also determined. Arterial and coronary sinus blood samples were
      assayed for lactate levels and activity of the lysosomal enzyme, beta
      glucuronidase. Left ventricular muscle was assayed for the nucleotides cyclic
      adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (AMP) and cyclic guanosine 3',5' monophosphate
      (GMP). Following restoration of coronary flow, mean aortic and left ventricular
      systolic pressures and left ventricular contractility as determined by dp/dt max.
      and dp/dt max./IP were depressed in both groups as expected but were
      significantly higher in Group II than in Group I (p less than 0.05). An increase
      in levels of both cyclic nucleotides occurred in each group during ischemia, but
      this increase in cyclic GMP was significantly greater in Group I (p less than
      0.05). beta-glucuronidase activity and myocardial potassium loss as determined in
      coronary sinus blood were both significantly greater in Group I than in Group II
      (p less than 0.05). Results of this study demonstrate that pretreatment with a
      pharmacologic dose of methylprednisolone significantly enhances cardiac recovery
      after ischemia. Lysosomal membrane stability and modulation of cyclic GMP levels
      may be critical determinants in the mechanism of cardiac ischemia.

PMID- 171525
TI  - Fascicular conduction defects and ventricular premature contractions.

PMID- 171526
TI  - [Cadmium as a possible etiologic factor of endemic nephropathy].

PMID- 171527
TI  - Steroid binding properties of estradiol receptors in human breast cancer.
AB  - The incidence of a specific estradiol receptor among the Finnish breast cancer
      patients was investigated using methods involving dextran-coated charcoal or
      sucrose density gradient centrifugation techniques. An estradiol receptor was
      detected in 20 (71%) out of the 28 tumor specimens studied with the following
      binding site concentrations: 100-1000 fmoles/mg cytosol protein in 12 patients;
      10-99 fmoles/mg cytosol protein in 6 patients and below 10 fmoles/mg cytosol
      protein in 2 patients the lowest detectable level being about 5 fmoles/mg cytosol
      protein. The apparent intrinsic association constant of the receptor for
      estradiol-17 beta ranged from 0.4-32 X 10(10) liters/mole in different breast
      cancer specimens. Estradiol receptor concentration did not seem to correlate well
      with the age of the patients or the microscopic structure of the tumor. The
      ligand-binding specificity of the receptor was studied with 25 different estrogen
      derivatives in 6 separate tumor specimens. The binding proteins in all these
      tumors showed very similar ligand specificities, despite differences in their
      histological types and estradiol-binding site concentrations. The phenolic
      hydroxyl group at C--3 was essential for an effective binding by the receptor,
      whereas certain modifications in the D-ring structure were well tolerated. As is
      the case with other steroid receptors, certain hydrophobic substituents seemed to
      increase the binding of the ligand by the breast cancer estradiol receptor. The
      in vitro binding affinity and the in vivo biological (estrogenic) potency of some
      of the steroids investigated did not correlate very well.

PMID- 171528
TI  - Venereal disease in adolescents.

PMID- 171529
TI  - [Malignant neoplasms in soft-tissue demand team-work].

PMID- 171530
TI  - The disposition of sulfoxone and solasulfone in leprosy patients.

PMID- 171531
TI  - Narcotic dependence, narcotic action and dopamine receptors.

PMID- 171532
TI  - Is there an alternative to the cytoplasmic receptor model for the mechanism of
      action of steroids?

PMID- 171533
TI  - The release of 3H-adenosine and its derivatives from cat sensorimotor cortex.

PMID- 171534
TI  - Striatal adenylate cyclase activity following reserpine and chronic
      chlorpromazine administration in rats.

PMID- 171535
TI  - The induction of excessive grooming in the rat by intraventricular application of
      peptides derived from ACTH: structure-activity studies.

PMID- 171536
TI  - [Significance of stimulated serum insulin analysis in diabetes, organic
      hyperinsulinism (islet cell adenoma) and in the so-called "non-hypoglycemic
      syndrome"].

PMID- 171537
TI  - [Efficiency of clofibrate in chronic dialysis patients with
      hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 171538
TI  - Changes in the composition and physico-chemical characteristics of serum
      lipoproteins during ethanol-induced lipaemia in alcoholic subjects.
AB  - The effect upon serum lipids and lipoproteins of a large intake of ethanol (180 g
      in 6 hr) has been studied during the ensuing 24 hr in 21 subjects. These were all
      men who were habituated to heavy drinking but who were shown to be normolipaemic
      when maintained on a normal diet with a restricted intake of alcohol. In all the
      subjects studied, ingestion of this amount of ethanol induced an acute
      hypertriglyceridaemia which varied in intensity between individuals, with
      increases ranging from 26% to 377% above the basal value. On the other hand, no
      significant change occurred in plasma cholesterol. In addition to measurements of
      triglycerides and cholesterol, the plasma from all the subjects were examined by
      electrophoresis in agarose and polyacrylamide gels with photometric scanning of
      the gels. In a subgroup of ten of the subjects, the plasma lipoproteins were
      separated into very low density (VLDL), low-density (LDL), and high-density (HDL)
      fractions, which were also analyzed biochemically and by electrophoresis.
      Following ethanol ingestion, a mean increase of about twofold in triglyceride
      content, and a decrease in the cholesterol/triglyceride ratio was observed in
      VLDL, LDL, and HDL. The triglyceride/protein ratio decreased in VLDL and
      increased in LDL. On electrophoresis of the intact sera following ethanol
      ingestion visible particulate fat and a band which failed to permeate the gel
      ('chylomicron-like band') was observed in five out of ten subjects and eight out
      of these ten subjects showed a prominent prebetalipoprotein (pre-beta) band. This
      component was found to be present in the lipoprotein fraction of density greater
      than 1.006 Kg/1. Examination of this fraction from basal specimens revealed a pre
      beta band in only two of the ten subjects and the intensity of this band
      increased in the corresponding fractions from the same subjects after ethanol
      ingestion. In an additional four subjects no pre-beta was detected in this
      fraction before ethanol but appeared after ethanol ingestion. No attempt has been
      made to characterize further the component with these characters but it is
      suggested that it is probably an intermediate lipoprotein (ILDL), that is, a
      lipoprotein with characteristics intermediate between VLDL and LDL.

PMID- 171539
TI  - Familial hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia: studies in eighteen kindreds.
AB  - A newly recognized familial hyperlipoproteinemia, familial hyper-alpha
      lipoproteinemia, is described in 18 kindreds. Affected probands and relatives had
      distinctive elevations of alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL), slight
      elevations of total cholesterol, no elevation of LDL and VLDL cholesterol, and
      normal triglyceride levels. The proband and at least one additional first degree
      relative had distinctive elevations of C-HDL in 16 of 18 kindreds. Simple
      segregation analysis involving 84 offspring of 22 hyper-alpha X normal-alpha
      matings from these 16 kindreds revealed a ratio of hyper-alpha to normal of
      37:47, a ratio not significantly different from 1:1 (chi 2(1) = 1.2), the ratio
      consistent with autosomal dominant transmission. Despite the suggestion of a
      major gene effect by this analysis, evaluation of the C-HDL distribution in
      kindred members failed to reveal bimodality, and familial correlation analysis
      revealed no parent-offspring correlation. The present data suggest that an
      environmental cause common to sibships is possibly important in causing the
      disorder. Longevity analysis demonstrated elongation of life expectancy for
      kindred members, and there was an apparent rarity of premature cardiac events.

PMID- 171540
TI  - A radioautographic method for cell affinity labeling with estrogens and
      catecholamines.

PMID- 171541
TI  - The separation of cells and subcellular particles by colloidal silica density
      gradient centrifugation.

PMID- 171542
TI  - Uptake of radioactive DOPA by Mycobacterium leprae in vitro.
AB  - Our previous studies demonstrated that Mycobacterium leprae contains a
      characteristic o-diphenoloxidase which converts a variety of phenolic compounds
      to quinones in vitro. This enzyme was not present in any other mycobacteria
      tested. The results reported here deal with the uptake and binding of radioactive
      DOPA by M. leprae. The leprosy bacilli incubated with tritium-labelled DOPA,
      readily took up the substrate. The binding of DOPA by the bacilli was markedly
      inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamate. The organisms also bound tritiated
      norepinephrine. Mycobacterium phlei which does not oxidize phenolic substrates
      failed to bind DOPA. Cultures of melanocytes which contain o-diphenoloxidase took
      up tritiated DOPA. Catecholamine metabolism is known to be important in
      myocardial cells. Cultures of turtle-heart cells did not oxidize DOPA to quinone;
      however, these cells bound the labelled substrate. A cell line of fibroblasts
      derived from armadillo skin neither oxidized nor took up DOPA. The results
      indicate that, like melanocytes and turtle-heart cells, M. leprae probably
      possesses specific receptor sites for the binding and subsequent metabolism of
      phenolic substrates.

PMID- 171544
TI  - [Physiology and pathophysiology of antibacterial phagocytosis. I. Physiology].

PMID- 171543
TI  - [Standardized fight against cancer in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - The 5-year experiences of a center for pediatric oncology in a children's
      university hospital are reported. Currently (1-1-1975) 60 of 135 treated leukemic
      and 88 of 152 treated tumor patients are living. 1974, there were in the average
      34 ambulatory complete blood counts per week, and in addition 263 bone marrow and
      196 ambulatory lumbar punctures per year. The standardized routine of an
      outpatient visit is described. Advice for parents and family physicians are
      given. A standardized diagnostic approach for M. Hodgkin as a prototype is
      proposed, and a standardized therapy for Wilms' tumor. Of 24 thus treated
      children with Wilms' tumor 16 ("67 p.c.") survive, included 7 of 15 ("47 p.c.")
      with metastasized disease (observation time 21-71 months). Current treatment of
      49 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia resulted in continuous complete
      remission of 22 patients ("45 p.c.") (observation time 1-4 years), but 6 dead in
      complete remission due to infection. The need for specialized treatment centers
      with skilled persons is emphasized.

PMID- 171546
TI  - [About the plurality of the manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection in adult
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Three various cases of cytomegalovirus infection will be described. At first will
      be represented a double infection of cytomegalovirus and toxoplasmosis. In the
      second case it's about the organmanifestation of cytomegalovirus of the liver as
      hepatitis. At last will be discussed a severe infection of the central nervous
      system on the one hand in form of Guillain-Barre-syndrome, on the other hand
      manifestated as encephalitis.

PMID- 171545
TI  - [Physiology and pathophysiology of antibacterial phagocytosis. II.
      Pathophysiology].

PMID- 171547
TI  - [Experiences in the management of patients with ileo- and colostomy (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In the presented paper the management of stoma-patients has been discussed. Two
      topics had to be seen, first the psychological guidance of the patient and his
      reentry into society and second the management of the stoma itself. Beside of the
      sometimes unavoidable complications the patients are often molested by
      preventable inconviences as skin-irritation, soiling, and odors. New progresses
      have been made by the development of scentless skin pelottes and adhesive folias.
      With a new adhesive tissue which avoids the contact between the skin and the
      adhesive folia we can prevent the skin irritations previously nearly unavoidable.

PMID- 171548
TI  - [Different forms of hyperlipoproteinemia in diabetics (author's transl)].
AB  - Plasma lipoprotein patterns currently employed in attempts to identify different
      forms of hyperlipoproteinemia have been investigated in 113 hospitalized
      diabetics. For classification two methods have been compared: The first is based
      on lipid electrophoresis pattern in agarose gel coupled with the measurement of
      triglycerides and cholesterol. The second is based on plasma lipoprotein pattern
      obtained by separation of lipoproteins on cellulose acetate and following
      densitometry combined with estimation of cholesterol and beta-cholesterol and
      triglycerides in plasma. It could be demonstrated, that the results obtained in
      agarose system are not convertible to data obtained with the method for
      quantifying lipoproteins. By quantitative analysis only 4 p.c. of diabetics had
      type IIa, 4 p.c. type V, the others type IIb or IV. Graphic plots and calculated
      concentrations of lipoproteins gave differences in lipoprotein profiles between
      compensated and acidotic diabetics. In diabetes stage 1 most values are in the
      normal range, in stage 2 prebetalipoproteins increase and betalipoproteins
      decrease. In some case betalipoproteins are elevated and prebetalipoproteins
      diminished. In stage 3 with metabolic acidosis we observed an altered lipoprotein
      profile with confluence of beta- and prebeta-peak. The calculated concentration
      profile was also different from the others and revealed no certain quantitative
      information described for other electropherograms containing alpha, beta- and
      prebeta-bands. This phenomenon was frequently observed in patients with acute
      viral hepatitis and severe chronic liver disease. The pattern in diabetics is
      representative for patients with an excess of plasma lipids (the 2.5 fold of
      normal values in the mean). It is characterised as a broad beta band on the
      electropherogram similar to type III pattern. Presence of beta migrating
      lipoproteins in the ultracentrifugal supernatand fraction of d = 1006 could not
      be demonstrated.

PMID- 171549
TI  - [Modification of the hair root status by drugs].

PMID- 171550
TI  - Envelope and nucleocapsid antigens of Cytomegalovirus (CMV).
AB  - A method for the purification and concentration of Cytomegalovirus nucleocapsids
      and particles complete with envelope is described. Antibody to either
      nucleocapsid or envelope antigens can be detected in human sera. In patients with
      CMV disease the antibodies to the envelope antigen could not be detected before
      the 3rd week after the beginning of disease whereas antibodies to the
      nucleocapsid were detected earlier.

PMID- 171551
TI  - [Sleep: notes on pediatric pharmacotherapy (in the light of current knowledge of
      its principal characteristics)].

PMID- 171552
TI  - Treatment for debilitated horses.

PMID- 171553
TI  - Multiple regulation of nucleoside catabolizing enzymes: regulation of the deo
      operon by the cytR and deoR gene products.
AB  - The protein and repressor nature of two regulatory gene products in E. coli has
      been demonstrated, employing mutants with either amber or thermosensitive
      mutations. The regulatory genes are the cytR and the deoR genes, both of which
      contribute to the regulation of the synthesis of nucleoside catabolizing enzymes.
      Enzyme levels in strains with concurrent mutations in both regulatory genes are
      considerably higher than the sum of the levels in strains with a cytR or a deoR
      mutation alone, indicating a certain co-operativity between the two repressor
      proteins. The glucose repression of enzyme levels observed in the double
      regulatory mutant is similar to that found in a cytR mutant, and much more
      pronounced than the glucose effect in a deoR mutant. A model of the promoter
      operator region in the deo operon is proposed.

PMID- 171555
TI  - Effect of NAD on flounder muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Flounder muscle (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase was characterized as to its stability towards various inactivating
      treatments in the presence and absence of the enzyme cofactor, NAD. Incubation of
      a partially purified enzyme preparation at urea concentrations greater than 2 M
      produced a very rapid inactivation. NAD greatly reduced the rate of inactivation
      at all the urea concentrations tested. Incubation of each of the three major
      muscle enzyme forms in 0.1 percent trypsin or chymotrypsin for forty-five minutes
      decreased the activity of each form by 65 percent and 55 percent, respectively.
      NAD (5mM) afforded complete protection to each enzyme form from proteolytic
      digestion by these two enzymes. Exposure of each form to 50 degrees or 20 mM ATP
      also led to gross inactivation which could be greatly reduced if the respective
      incubations were performed in the presence of 5mM NAD. NAD was also found to be
      required for the renaturation of the unfolded urea-denatured subunits to form the
      active tetramer.

PMID- 171554
TI  - Information contained in the amino acid sequence of the alpha1(I)-chain of
      collagen and its consequences upon the formation of the triple helix, of fibrils
      and crosslinks.
AB  - The molecule of type I collagen from skin consists of two alpha1(I)-chains and
      one alpha2-chain. The sequence of the entire alpha1-chain comprising 1052
      residues is summarily presented and discussed. Apart from the 279 residues of
      alpha1(I)-CB8 whose sequence has been established for rat skin collagen, all
      sequences have been determined for calf skin collagen. In order to facilitate
      sequence analysis, the alpha1-chain was cleaved into defined fragments by
      cyanogen bromide or hydroxylamine or limited collagenase digestion. Most of the
      sequence was established by automated stepwise Edman degradation. The alpha1
      chain contains two basically different types of sequences: the triple helical
      region of 1011 amino acid residues in which every third position is occupied by
      glycine and the N- and C-terminal regions not displaying this type of regularity.
      Both of these non-triple helical regions carry oxidizable lysine or hydroxylysine
      residues as functional sites for the intermolecular crosslink formation.
      Implications of the amino acid sequence for the stability of the triple helix and
      the fibril as well as for formation of crosslinks are discussed. Evaluation of
      the sequence in connection with electron microscopical investigations yielded the
      parameters of the axial arrangement of the molecules within the fibrils. Axial
      stagger of the molecules by a distance D = 670 angstrom = 233 amino acid residues
      results in maximal interaction of polar sequence regions of adjacent molecules
      and similarly of regions of hydrophobic residues. Ordered aggregation of
      molecules into fibrils is, therefore, regulated by electrostatic and
      electrophobic forces. Possible loci of intermolecular crosslinks between the
      alpha1-chains of adjacent molecules may be deduced from the dimensions of the
      axial aggregation of molecules.

PMID- 171558
TI  - Cutaneous vascular tumors.

PMID- 171556
TI  - RNA synthesis by isolated Yoshida ascites hepatoma A.H. 130 cell mitochondria.

PMID- 171559
TI  - Metabolic aspects of atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 171560
TI  - Cutaneous benign histiocytoses of childhood.

PMID- 171557
TI  - Regulation of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase.
AB  - In mammalian tissues, two types of regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      complex have been described: end product inhibition by acetyl CoA and NADH: and
      the interconversion of an inactive phosphorylated form and an active
      nonphosphorylated form by an ATP requiring kinase and a specific phosphatase.
      This article is largely concerned with the latter type of regulation of the
      complex in adipose tissue by insulin (and other hormones) and in heart muscle by
      lipid fuels. Effectors of the two interconverting enzymes include pyruvate and
      ADP which inhibit the kinase, acetoin which activates the kinase and Ca2+ and
      Mg2+ which both activate the phosphatase and inhibit the kinase. Evidence is
      presented that all components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex including the
      phosphatase and kinase are located within the inner mitochondrial membrane.
      Direct measurements of the matrix concentration of substrates and effectors is
      not possible by techniques presently available. This is the key problem in the
      identification of the mechansims involved in the alterations in pyruvate
      dehydrogenase activity observed in adipose tissue and muscle. A number of
      indirect approaches have been used and these are reviewed. Most hopeful is the
      recent finding in this laboratory that in both adipose tissue and heart muscle,
      differences in activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the intact tissue persist
      during preparation and subsequent incubation of mitochondria.

PMID- 171561
TI  - [Importance of humoral mediators for the pathogenesis and treatment of migraine
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The vascular mechanism of migraine attacks -- intracranial vasoconstriction
      during the prodromal stage and passive vasodilatation of extracranial arteries
      during the painful phase -- has been confirmed by modern methods. In addition,
      number of humoral factors -- plasmakinin, serotonin, histamine -- intervene in
      the chain of events that culminates in migraine headache. In addition to these
      three humoral mediators, the part played by tyramine in migraine of alimentary
      origin, the precipitating effect of oestrogen decrease in menstrual migraine and
      the hypothetical role of prostaglandins and prolactin are discussed. The
      multifactorial mechanism of migraine accounts for the very variable profiles of
      effective anti-migraine drugs.

PMID- 171563
TI  - [Secretion of insulin. Hypotheses at present under discussion (author's transl)].
AB  - Proinsulin is dissociated into insulin and C-peptide in the Golgi zone and in the
      beta-granules which fulfil a storage and transport function at the same time.
      Through an active transport process involving the microtubular and microfilament
      cytoplasmic system, the granules arrive at the cell wall and there they are
      emiocytotically excreted. At a still completely unknown spot on this secretory
      route, control of the secretion rate by calcium ions and cAMP-dependent
      phosphorylation seems possible. Calcium and cAMP as signal transmitters are again
      subject to the positive and negative modulating receptor-transmitted effect of
      adrenergic and cholinergic transmitter substances and beta-cytotropic peptide
      hormones. The basis of every modulation of the secretory function, however, is a
      secretion signal dependent on the concentration of glucose itself and glucose
      metabolites (only one?) on the one hand, and on the other on the energy resulting
      from endoxidation of glucose in the form of high energy phosphates.

PMID- 171562
TI  - [Polyneuropathy in vitamin B 12 and folic acid deficiency. Clinical and
      histopathological study with electron-microscopy analysis of the sural nerve].
AB  - One case each of pernicious anemia and folic acid deficiency with chronic
      malabsorption with disease of the cord and histologically demonstrated
      concomitant disease of the peripheral nerve system in the sense of a
      polyneuropathy are described. The histological findings of nerve obtained by
      biopsy show, in both cases, the loss of individual nerve fibers as an expression
      of a chronic axonal degeneration. The pathogenetic basis to be considered in
      these cases is presented.

PMID- 171564
TI  - [Clofibrate treatment of diabetics with hyperproteinemias (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of a six weeks clofibrate treatment on lipid metabolism was
      investigated in a collective of 38 constantly maladjusted elderly diabetics with
      an average of 30% overweight and various forms of hyperlipoproteinemias.
      Clofibrate produced a significant lowering of the mean triglyceride and
      cholesterol levels, whereas no such effect was observed in an untreated control
      group. Related to the various types of hyperlipoproteinemia (IIa, IIb and IV),
      the group treated with clofibrate showed a rate of normalization of nearly 50%,
      while the rate of improvement in the untreated control group was 10%.

PMID- 171565
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of meiotic chromosomes of irradiated mice and their progeny
      after treatment with streptomycin and dihydrodeoxystreptomycin.

PMID- 171566
TI  - Proceedings: A correlated study of MMS mutagenicity with the dominant lethal test
      in 8 laboratories, sponsored by the Bundesministerium fur Forschung und
      Technologie. Collaborative study of MMS mutagenicity with the dominant lethal
      assay in mice.

PMID- 171567
TI  - The transplanted kidney as a source of cytomegalovirus infection.
AB  - To determine the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in renal-transplant
      recipients we followed 32 prospectively for six months after operation. As judged
      by serologic change and virus isolation the infection rate for the entire group
      was 66 per cent (21 of 32 patients) - 59 per cent (13 of 22) for seronegative
      patients and 80 per cent (eight of 10) for seropositive patients. Of 10
      seronegative patients who received kidneys from seronegative donors, only three
      became infected. However, of 12 seronegative patients who  received kidneys from
      seropositive donors, 10 became infected. Thus, there was a significant
      correlation between development of infection and seropositivity of the donor (P =
      0.03), particularly when the recipient was seronegative (P = 0.02). Five possible
      and four definite recognizable clinical illnesses were associated with
      cytomegalovirus infection; all except two were in initially seronegative subjects
      who received kidneys from seropositive donors. Primary infection and disease in
      nonimmune recipients may be caused by cytomegalovirus transmitted by the kidneys
      of latently infected seropositive donors.

PMID- 171568
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity to Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells in
      acute infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - Mononuclear peripheral blood leukocytes from 21 patients with infectious
      mononucleosis and 16 healthy controls were tested in a 51Cr-release assay for
      cytotoxicity against two human lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from the same
      donor. One line contained the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); the other did not. Acute
      phase leukocytes were significantly more cytotoxic against the EBV-infected cell
      line than were control leukocytes. Mean (+/- S.E.) lysis at a leukocyte-target
      cell ratio of 100:1 was 10.6 +/- 1.6 per cent for patients and 3.4 +/- 0.6 per
      cent for controls (P less than 0.0005). Cytotoxicity correlated with the
      percentage of atypical lymphocytes. Cells of three patients with acute
      mononucleosis-like illnesses failed to show killing activity above those of
      normal controls. Cytotoxicity against the EBV-negative line was not significantly
      different for each group. The finding of cytotoxic cells in infectious
      mononucleosis patients with atypical lymphocytes suggests that these cells
      operate in vivo to limit the proliferation of altered EBV-transformed B
      lymphoblasts.

PMID- 171569
TI  - Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens.
AB  - The possibility that the use of conjugated estrogens increases the risk of
      endometrial carcinoma was investigated in patients and a twofold age-matched
      control series from the same population. Conjugated estrogens (principally sodium
      estrone sulfate) use was recorded for 57 per cent of 94 patients with endometrial
      carcinoma, and for 15 per cent of controls. The corresponding point estimate of
      the (instantaneous) risk ratio was 7.6 with a one-sided 95 per cent lower
      confidence limit of 4.7. The risk-ratio estimate increased with duration of
      exposure: from 5.6 for 1 to 4.9 years exposure to 13.9 for seven or more years.
      The estimated proportion of cases related to conjugated estrogens, the etiologic
      fraction, was 50 per cent with a one-sided 95 per cent lower confidence limit of
      41 per cent. These data suggest that conjugated estrogens have an etiologic role
      in endometrial carcinoma.

PMID- 171570
TI  - Congestive heart failure: role of altered myocardial cellular control.

PMID- 171571
TI  - Letter: Prevention of gram-negative pneumonia.

PMID- 171572
TI  - Letter: Aspirin and cyclic AMP.

PMID- 171573
TI  - HBs-Ag-negative hepatitis in a hemodialysis unit: relation to Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - Eleven of 40 patients in a hemodialysis unit had clinical or biochemical evidence
      of hepatitis during a five-week period. The clinical disease was mild, being
      limited solely to dialysis patients. Epidemiologic investigation indicated that
      the incubation period was between 17 and 35 days and that 10 of 11 patients had
      been exposed to a single venous-pressure monitor before onset. Dried blood and
      evidence of blood reflux up the venous-pressure gauge suggested that cross
      contamination of the blood of successive patients probably resulted in
      transmission of disease. No association with the hepatitis B surface antigen or
      anti-hepatitis B antibody was demonstrated, but 10 of the 11 patients with
      elevated transaminase levels had evidence of recent exposure, to Epstein-Barr
      virus as manifested either by Ox-cell hemolysin titers or rises in titers to
      viral capsid antigen.

PMID- 171574
TI  - Potentiation of hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas by halofenate.
AB  - We investigated the possibility of a drug interaction between the antilipemic
      agent halofenate and sulfonylureas. Twelve young, healthy men were given 1 g of
      tolbutamide by mouth before and after 12 days of double-blind treatment with 1 g
      per day of halofenate, or placebo. There was a significant increase in serum
      tolbutamide at eight, 10 and 12 hours (P less than 0.01) and a significant (P
      less than 0.01) decrease in serum glucose at one, four and six hours after
      halofenate treatment, but not after placebo. In a long-term, double-blind study
      of halofenate or clofibrate treatment of patients with Type IV
      hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetic patients receiving a sulfonylurea and halofenate
      either required a reduction in the dose of the sulfonylurea or demonstrated
      significantly improved control of hyperglycemia (P less than 0.05) or both. No
      appreciable decrease in serum glucose levels was noted in diabetic patients
      receiving sulfonylurea and clofibrate. This interaction between halofenate and
      sulfonylureas is clinically important, especially in view of the association of
      hyperlipemia and diabetes.

PMID- 171575
TI  - Elevated histaminase (diamine oxidase) activity in small-cell carcinoma of the
      lung.
AB  - To investigate the possible embryologic relation between small-cell carcinoma of
      the lung and medullary thyroid carcinoma, we measured plasma histaminase (an
      enzyme found in medullary carcinoma tissue) in 25 patients with small-cell
      tumors. The assays used histamine and putrescine as substrates. Thirty-two per
      cent of the patients by the histamine assay, and 31 per cent by the putrescine,
      had values greater than +2 S.D. from the mean for 63 normal persons. In contrast,
      among 20 patients with squamous and large-cell lung tumors, one (by the histamine
      assay), and two (by the putrescine) had elevated values. In four of five autopsy
      cases, histaminase was high in small-cell carcinoma tissue. The enzyme in plasma
      and in tumor behaved as classic histaminase in substrate specificity, and in
      response to inhibitors. The data support the proposed embryologic relation
      between small-cell lung carcinoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma, and further
      associate histaminase with some neural crest tumors.

PMID- 171576
TI  - Presence in normal human testes of a chorionic-gonadotropin-like substance
      distinct from human luteinizing hormone.
AB  - The high rate of human chorionic gonadotropin production by testicular tumors
      caused us to investigate the possibility that normal human testes contain small
      amounts of that substance. Extracts of human testes obtained at autopsy
      demonstrated parallel inhibition curves to the human chorionic gonadotropin
      standard in a radioimmunoassay specific for the hormone. The immunoreactive
      material was adsorbed onto concanavalin A, a reaction characteristic of
      glycoproteins, and was eluted within the chorionic gonadotropin range on Sephadex
      G-100 column chromatography. Solubilized receptor proteins for the hormone could
      not be identified in the extracts. The demonstration that the normal human testes
      contain a glycoprotein similar or identical to human chorionic gonadotropin
      suggests that the fetal genome responsible for production of the hormone during
      pregnancy is not completely suppressed in the adult. Excessive productton of this
      glycoprotein may account for the high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin
      reported in the serum of patients with germ-cell tumors of the testes.

PMID- 171577
TI  - Evidence for viral hepatitis other than type A or type B among persons in Costa
      Rica.
AB  - In studies of hepatitis in an endemic zone in Costa Rica, 103 patients were
      examined for antibodies against hepatitts A by the immune-adherence assay, for
      hepatitis B antigen and its antibody by radioimmunoassay and passive
      hemagglutination, respectively, and for antibodies against cytomegalovirus by
      complement fixation. Twelve cases were encountered in which both Type A and Type
      B hepatitis could be excluded on the basis of serologic testing. In all but one
      of these 12 patients, cytomegalovirus infection was also excluded. The patients
      had not had blood transfusions and available evidence pointed to person-to-person
      transmission. The illness in these patients was evidently neither hepatitis A nor
      hepatitis B and qualifies for consideration as the still hypothetical third type
      of hepatitis ("C"?).

PMID- 171578
TI  - The Epstein-Barr virus and neoplasia.

PMID- 171579
TI  - Latent infection of the peripheral ANS with herpes simplex virus.

PMID- 171580
TI  - Positive control of cyclic AMP on mesenchymal factor controlled DNA synthesis in
      embryonic pancreas.

PMID- 171581
TI  - Predicted distribution of NAD domain among glycolytic enzymes.

PMID- 171582
TI  - X-ray analysis of glucagon and its relationship to receptor binding.
AB  - X-ray analysis of the pancreatic hormone glucagon shows that in crystals the
      polypeptide adopts a mainly helical conformation, which is stabilised by
      hydrophobic interactions between molecules related by threefold symmetry. A model
      is presented in which the glucagon molecule exists in dilute solutions as an
      equilibrium population of conformers with little retention of conformers with
      little retention of structure, and in which the helical conformation is stablised
      by hydrophobic interactions either as an oligomer or as a complex with the
      receptor.

PMID- 171583
TI  - Stimulation of phosphorylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by
      physiological inhibitors of the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

PMID- 171584
TI  - Letter: PHA and lymphocyte membrane fluidity.

PMID- 171585
TI  - Tumour-specific antigen related to rat histocompatibility antigens.

PMID- 171586
TI  - Genetics of natural resistance to herpesvirus infections in mice.

PMID- 171587
TI  - Increased insulin binding capacity of liver membranes from diabetic Chinese
      hamsters.

PMID- 171588
TI  - Synaptic coupling into the production and storage of a neuronal memory trace.

PMID- 171589
TI  - Mode of action of antirheumatic drugs on the cyclic 3',5'-AMP regulated
      glycosaminoglycan secretion in fibroblasts.
AB  - The effect non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on formation and release of
      glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and cyclic 3',5'-AMP levels was studied in embryonic
      mouse fibroblasts. The results were compared and correlated with the action of
      these drugs on cyclic 3',5'-AMP-dependent as well as independent protein kinase
      obtained from bovine diaphragm. 1. Phenylbutazone dose-dependently decreased
      cyclic 3',5'-AMP levels and GAG secretion both in unstimulated and PGE1
      stimulated cells. 2. Indometacin decreased cyclic 3',5'-AMP levels and GAG
      secretion only in cells with elevated cyclic 3',5'-AMP levels after stimulation
      by PGE1. 3. Sodium salicylate decreased cyclic 3',5'-AMP levels in the presence
      and absence of PGE1. However, GAG secretion was reduced only in cells with
      elevated cyclic 3',5'-AMP levels, since the drug activated cyclic 3',5'-AMP
      independent protein kinase activity, thus presumably precluding changes in GAG
      formation at low levels of cyclic 3',5'-AMP. 4. Mefenamic acid decreased cyclic
      3',5'-AMP levels in cells stimulated by PGE1, whereas GAG secretion was increased
      both in the absence and presence of PGE1. This increase in GAG secretion was
      closely correlated to an enhanced cyclic 3',5'-AMP-dependent and independent
      protein kinase activity. The results indicate that non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs may exert their effects on GAG formation by interfering with
      cyclic 3',-5'-AMP formation or function.

PMID- 171590
TI  - Bovine adrenal cortex adenylate cyclase: properties of the particulate enzyme and
      effects of guanyl nucleotides.
AB  - The preparation of a partially purified plasma membrane fraction from bovine
      adrenal cortex is described. Adenylate cyclase in this particulate preparation
      retained high sensitivity to ACTH and is also stimulated by 5'-guanylyl
      imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p]. GTP, in contrast to Gpp(NH)p, had very little
      intrinsic activity to stimulate activity to stimulate adenylate cyclase. GTP
      could however, with high affinity, inhibit the Gpp(NH)p effects on adenylate
      cyclase. When the concentration of creatine phosphate, a component of the ATP
      regenerating system in the adenylate cyclase assay mixture, was lowered from 20
      to 2 mM (at 0.1 mM ATP, 5 MM MG2+) GTP, dGTP and other nucleotides like ITP and
      much less UTP or CTP gained considerable intrinsic activity in the presence of
      ACTH to stimulate adenylate cyclase. The apparent affinities of the nucleotides
      for ACTH-stimulated adenylate cyclase from bovine adrenal cortex (at 2 mM
      creatine phosphate) were, GTP = dGTP greater than Gpp(NH)p greater than Gpp(CH2)p
      (5'-guanylyl-beta, gamma-methylene-diphosphonate) greater than ITP greater than
      UTP greater than CTP. These findings indicate that regulatory nucleotide binding
      sites exist for bovine adrenal cortex adenylate cyclase. Their specificity is
      similar to the nucleotide sites modulating angiotensin binding in bovine adrenal
      cortex plasma membranes (Glossmann et al., 1974a). The regulatory nucleotide
      binding sites for the adrenal cortex adenylate cyclase complex can also be
      identified under conditions where only Gpp(NH)p has high intrinsic activity (e.g.
      at 20 mM creatine phosphate) but other nucleotides like GTP act as antagonists.
      Both stimulants, ACTH and Gpp(NH)p, appear to remain firmly bound to the
      particulate membrane preparation, as suggested by preincubation experiments.

PMID- 171593
TI  - [En route to a placebo culture].

PMID- 171591
TI  - Chloramphenicol/thiamphenicol and cycloheximide as tools for the measurement of
      mitochondrial protein synthesis in vitro during organogenesis of rat embryos.
AB  - 1. A test system was developed to allow the measurement of protein synthesis in
      vitro in mitochondria from tissues which were accessible only in small
      quantities. The subcellular fractions which could be isolated are not purely
      mitochondrial but contain other particles as well, mainly microsomal, which are
      also active in protein synthesis. The following differences between mitochondrial
      and microsomal protein synthesis in vitro were used to measure selectively the
      mitochondrial portion in cell fractions sedimenting between 600 and 10000 X g:
      selective inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis by
      chloramphenicol/thiamphenicol selective inhibition of microsomal protein
      synthesis by cycloheximide kinetics of amino acid incorporation a medium favoring
      mitochondrial protein synthesis Activity of mitochondrial protein synthesis was
      based on measurements of cytochrome oxidase, a mitochondrial marker enzyme. 2.
      The technique developed was used for the evaluation of mitochondrial protein
      synthesis in mammalian embryonic tissues. It may equally well be applied to other
      tissues available in small amounts and in cases where the isolation of highly
      purified mitochondrial fractions is met with difficulty. 3. Comparing the rate of
      14C-phenylalanine incorporation into mitochondrial protein from rat embryos at
      different stages of gestation, it was found that mitochondria from 11=day-old rat
      embryos exhibit an approximately 30-fold higher capacity for protein synthesis
      than those of day 13-16. On day 12 the capacity is 6 times higher than on the
      following days.

PMID- 171592
TI  - Embryonic development and mitochondrial function. 1. Effects of chloramphenicol
      infusion on the synthesis of cytochrome oxidase and DNA in rat embryos during
      late organogenesis.
AB  - Cytochrome oxidase, which is partially synthesized by the mitochondrion, was used
      as a measure for the development of mitochondrial function in rat embryos during
      the late stage of organogenesis. For this  purpose the specific inhibitor of
      mitochondrial protein synthesis, chloramphenicol (CAP), served as a tool. Due to
      the rapid elimination rate of CAP from rats, a method for continuous infusion
      which would not cause immobilization to the animals was devised. 1.
      Pharmacokinetic studies proved that CAP reaches the embryo before placentation.
      Concentrations of CAP in the embryo are as high as they are in the maternal serum
      (about 20 mug/ml serum or g embryo) and thuse are sufficiently in supply for the
      inhibition of mitochondrial proteins synthesis, if 1000 mg/kg CAP are infused
      intravenously per 24 hrs. CAP is partially excluded from the embryonic
      compartment after the placental barrier has fully developed: whereas CAP
      concentration in the maternal serum remains at about 20 mug/ml, the concentration
      in the embryonic compartment drops to about 10 mug/g embryonic tissue during day
      13 of gestation. 2. The average cytochrome oxidase activity per cell is very low
      (about 1 nmole O2/min X mug DNA-1) in embryonic tissue as it is in many other
      rapidly proliferating tissues. It is 15-60 times higher in slowly proliferating
      tissues, as, for example, the adult rat liver or brain (greater than 14 nmoles
      O2/min X mug DNA-1). 3. When the infusion technique is applied on day 12 of
      gestation, a sufficiently high concentration of CAP in embryonic tissue can be
      obtained to inhibit the synthesis of cytochrome oxidase. In constrast to tissues
      of an adult organism-as in the case of liver after partial hepatectomy- in
      embryonic tissues this limitation in the availablity of cytochrome oxidase
      appearently results in a critical reduction of energy production, which
      subsequently affects the DNA synthesis and embryonic growth. 4. The possible
      relevance and applicability of these experimental findings to man is discussed.

PMID- 171594
TI  - [Motivation of patients and unofficial healers].

PMID- 171595
TI  - [Medicine and its fringe areas: political and social implications].

PMID- 171596
TI  - [Muscle cell structure in polymyositis].
AB  - Electron microscopic investigations of muscles from patients with chronic
      polymyositis demonstrated presence of cytoplasmatic, tubular structures and
      extracellular virus-like particles. Their size, morphology and location suggest
      multiplication of viruses from the group of parainfluenza viruses within the
      muscle cell in "infected" cultures of human fetal muscles. Beside viruses
      belonging to the parainfluenza group presence of viruses from the herpes group
      was demonstrated. The latter belong to latent viruses.

PMID- 171597
TI  - Time-course of the effect of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine on ACTH secretion.
AB  - 250 mg/kg i.p. of the methyl ester of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MpT)
      produced a rapid increase (by 1 h) in immunoreactive plasma ACTH, whereas the
      hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) concentration and plasma corticosterone (B)
      changed significantly only 6 h after the administration of the inhibitor. These
      data suggest that the norepinephrinergic inhibitory tonus of CRF-ACTH secretion
      depends on the availability of a rapidly utilized pool of transmitter, affected
      in a very short time by alpha-MpT.

PMID- 171599
TI  - Nuclear bodies in Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Alzheimer's diseases.
AB  - Nuclear bodies types I, II, III, and IV, as described by Bouteille, Kalifat, and
      Delarue, have been found in one case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and one case of
      Alzheimer's disease. The relationship of nuclear bodies to viral disease in the
      central nervous system is not clear.

PMID- 171598
TI  - Cortical and subcortical projected foci in cats: inhibitory action of taurine.
AB  - The effects of local application of taurine and isethionic acid on the
      propagation of the epileptic activity to the mirror area in cats have been
      studied. Cortical and amygdaloid acute foci were induced by local administration
      of conjugated estrogens. Taurine proved to be effective in reducing and sometimes
      in abolishing the appearance of the epileptic propagated elements in the mirror
      area. When this agent was applied 30 minutes before the induction of the primary
      focus, the single spike transmission was reduced or prevented; however, the
      transmission of a seizure was not blocked. No changes in the transmitted
      phenomena were observed when isethionic acid was administered with the same
      technique as that used for taurine. The present study stresses the clear
      antiepileptic activity of taurine in this experimental model, ruling out the
      possibility of an unspecific interaction with the epileptogenic agents. Moreover,
      it is suggested that the deamination of taurine is not important for its
      antiepileptic action.

PMID- 171600
TI  - Herpes simplex virus and the human nervous system: current concepts and review.

PMID- 171601
TI  - [Today infants fall asleep listening to the "music of the heart"].

PMID- 171602
TI  - [Case of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism].
AB  - A case of pseudo-pseudo-parathyroidism, in which normal blood chemistry data were
      accompanied by marked shortening of the 4th metacarpus and metatarsus, and a
      suggestion of syndactyly, is reported.

PMID- 171603
TI  - Correlation conferences in radiology and pathology. Jaundice and splenomegaly.

PMID- 171604
TI  - Letter: Viral gastroenteritis in children.

PMID- 171605
TI  - Electron microscopy of Cowdria ruminantium infected reticulo-endothelial cells of
      the mammalian host.
AB  - An electron microscopic study of structures suspected to represent a possible
      developmental cycle of Cowdria ruminantium in reticulo-endothelial cells of mice
      and ruminants is reported. After infection dense bodies increase in size and
      undergo division to form fragmented dense bodies. These in turn apparently sub
      divide and become organized to give rise to mature "organisms". In none of these
      structures do limiting membranes separate the parasitic inclusions from the host
      cell cytoplasm. Present observations suggest that growth of the organism in
      reticulo-endothelial cells differs from that of chlamydial and rickettsial agents
      and somewhat resembles the replication of some viruses. Developmental stages
      observed after infection of ruminants with the Ball 3 strain of the heartwater
      agent are indistinguishable from those seen with the mouse adapted strain. These
      observations support the hypothesis that C. ruminantium released from reticulo
      endothelial cells subsequently penetrates endothelial cells where further
      multiplication by binary fission occurs.

PMID- 171606
TI  - Effect of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin on the blood brain barrier of
      mice.
AB  - It was shown that Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin has the effect of
      allowing the passage of 125I polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and 125I human serum albumin
      into mouse brain. These substances did not enter the brains of normal control
      mice. The passage of albumin into the brains of mice poisoned with epsilon toxin
      was extremely rapid. When large doses of toxin (+/-4 000 MLD) were given death
      ensued within 2-3 min at which stage 1,5% of the injected albumin had already
      entered the brain. In cases where smaller doses were given and the time interval
      between injection and death was longer the figure was increased to 2-2 1/2% of
      the injected plasma albumin.

PMID- 171607
TI  - Occurrence of juvenile angiofibroma in middle age.
AB  - A case of juvenile angiofibroma occurring in a male patient of 49 years is
      described. Histopathology and oncogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 171608
TI  - Asymmetric adsorption by quartz: a model for the prebiotic origin of optical
      activity.
AB  - One mechanism previously proposed for the abiotic accumulation of molecules of
      one chirality in nature is asymmetric adsorption on the chiral surfaces of
      optically active quartz crystals. Earlier literature in this field is reviewed,
      with the conclusion that previous investigations of this phenomenon, using
      optical rotation criteria, have afforded ambiguous results. We now have studied
      the adsorption of radioactive D- and L-alanine on powdered d- and l-quartz, using
      change in radioactivity level as a criterion for both gross and differential
      adsorption. d-Quartz preferentially adsorbed D-alanine from anhydrous dimethyl
      formamide solution, and l-quartz L-alanine. The differential adsorption varied
      between 1.0 and 1.8%. The implications of these observations are discussed from
      the viewpoint of early chemical evolution and the origin of optically active
      organic compounds in nature.

PMID- 171609
TI  - Synthesis of biological molecules on molecular sieves.
AB  - Catalytic properties of aluminosilicates may play a role in the synthesis of
      biological molecules from simple gaseous molecules commonly found in planetary
      atmospheres. Urea, amino acids and UV absorbing substances have been obtained by
      heating CO and NH3 with Linde molecular sieves saturated with Ca+2, NH4+ or Fe+3.
      The yields of amino acids produced have been determined by an amino acid
      analyzer. The quantity of urea produced largely depends on the nature of the
      saturating cation. Experiments using 14CO confirm that the amino acids are not
      due to contaminants adsorbed on the surface of the molecular sieves.

PMID- 171610
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of the thyroid in a case of human congenital goitre with
      cretinism.
AB  - Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope studies in a
      case of congenital goitre associated with cretinism revealed the existence of two
      cell types: the first with rounded endoplasmic cisternae and normal lysosomes;
      the second characterized by an abundance of lysosomes and/or lipofuscin granules.
      Intermediary aspects suggested that the second cell type was the progeny of the
      first type. As colloid droplets and apical pseudopods engulfing colloid were
      nearly absent, and as NBE127I was elevated in the plasma, it is suggested that
      iodoprotein secretion occurred by a process different from colloid phagocytosis
      as observed after acute TSH stimulation.

PMID- 171611
TI  - Colchicine-induced lesions in the rat duodenum.
AB  - In rats subcutaneous injection of colchicine resulted in sub-cellular necrosis
      within the rapidly proliferating cells in the duodenal mucosa. Similar lesions
      resulted from the administration of cytosine arabinoside hydrochloride and the
      effects of both drugs were ameliorated by treatment with cycloheximide. It is
      suggested that these lesions are a form of shrinkage necrosis involved in the
      deletion of growing stem-cells which, in the absence of mitotic division, results
      in mucosal atrophy.

PMID- 171612
TI  - Failure to induce autoimmune phenomena in mice by administration of highly
      purified C-type particles from NZB mice.
AB  - Highly purified C-type particles from milk of NZB mice were ineffective in the
      transfer of Coombs positive hemolytic anemia and cryoglobulinemia to neonatal
      BALB/cHeA and NZC/B1 mice. Injection of neonatal NZB mice with these particles
      did not change the frequency or time of onset of these phenomena. Antinuclear
      antibodies were found in all injected animals in the same frequencies as in the
      control groups.

PMID- 171613
TI  - [Functional and metabolic-chemical indicators of the brain tissue in hypothermia
      and traumatic shock].

PMID- 171614
TI  - [Changes in the content and correlation of some corticosteroids in the blood of
      dogs in shock].

PMID- 171615
TI  - Pulmonary pressure- volume relationships after corticotropin (ACTH) and salin
      injections in fetal rabbits.
AB  - ACTH mixed with barium sulfate injected into fetal rabbits on day 24 of a 31-day
      gestation was associated with increased lung maturity compared with lungs of
      noninjected controls when assessed by deflation pressure-volume curves and lung
      weight to body weight ratios measured on day 27. Fetuses injected with saline and
      barium sulfate also had accelerated (although somewhat less) lung maturation,
      perhaps from an ACTH-mediated response to stress. The ACTH group LA) maintained
      the largest lung volumes on deflation, followed by the saline group (B), the ACTH
      controls (C), and the saline controls (D). Volumes (percentage of total lung
      capacity) between the two injected groups and their controls (A versus C; B
      versus D) were significantly different at transthoracic pressures of 15, 10, 7,
      4, 0, and -2 cm water (p less than 0.05). Volumes (percentage of total lung
      capacity) between the ACTH group and the saline group (A versus B) and between
      the two controls groups (C versus D) were not significantly different. Wet lung
      weight to body weight ratios were significantly different between the injected
      groups and their respective controls, between the two injected groups, and
      between the two control groups.

PMID- 171616
TI  - Elevated urinary testosterone and androstanediol in precocious adrenarche.
AB  - Using a newly devised radioligand method for the simultaneous determination of
      urinary testosterone (T) and androstanediol (Adiol) nine girls with precocious
      adrenarche were evaluated. In the base-line state average urinary T excretion
      (1.29 mug/24 hr) and Adiol excretion (1.33 mug/24 hr) were significantly elevated
      when compared with 15 age-matched controls (0.3 and 0.33 mug/ 24 hr,
      respectively, P less than 0.001 for both). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
      infusion performed in five patients with precocious adrenarche produced at least
      a 50 greater than increase in urinary T excretion in all and a similar increase
      in Adiol excretion in four of five patients. Dexamethasone administration in the
      same five patients produced a 25 greater than fall in urinary T excretion in all
      and a comparable fall in Adiol in four.

PMID- 171617
TI  - Glucose production in the newborn dog. II. Evaluation of autonomic and enzymatic
      control in the isolated perfused canine liver.
AB  - The effects of birth and morepinephrine on hepatic glucose production,
      glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis were examined in livers isolated from fetal
      dogs at term, littermates 3 hr after delivery, and newborn dogs 1-5 days old.
      Livers were perfused in pairs with medium containing (6-3H)glucose (6 mM) and (3
      14C)lactate (10 mM +/- a pharmacologic amount of norepinephrine (10(-6)M).
      Changes in glucose production rates were correlated with changes in the enzymatic
      activities controlling gluconeogenesis. Net glucose production was less than 0.48
      mumol/min-g liver both fetal and 3 hr liver but stablized above 1 mumol/min-g
      later during the first day. Initially, mobilization of the fetal hepatic glycogen
      accounted for glucose output. Subsequently, incorporation of lactate into glucose
      rose from negligible fetal rates to 0.19 mumol/min-g and accounted for 21% of net
      glucose production on day 3. Mazimal pyruvate carboxylase activity and
      mitochondrial CO2 fixation increased postnatally and correlated directly with net
      glucose production, glucose production from glycogen, and glucose production from
      lactate. Fetal liver did not respond to norepinephrine. Thereafter,
      norepinephrine increase hepatic glucose production by stimulating glycogen
      breakdown. Postnatal acceleration of glucose production and the response to
      norepinephrine occurred only after indiction of mitochondrial CO3 fixation.
      During day 1 the decline of hepatic glycogen in response to norepinephrine
      correlated with both CO2 fixation and lactate incorporation into glucose. Thus,
      initiation of gluconegenesis after birth may have been required for the postnatal
      acceration of hepatic glucose production and for the regulation of glycogenolysis
      by norpinephrine.

PMID- 171618
TI  - Abnormalities of carbamyl phosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase in
      liver of patients with Reye's syndrome.
AB  - Urea cycle function was evaluated in liver obtained from six patients with Reye's
      syndrome and from five control subjects. Reye's syndrome patients demonstrated
      normal activities for the extramitochondrial portion of the urea cycle, but
      showed marked abnormalities of the mitochondrial enzymes, i.e., carbamyl
      phosphate synthetase (CPS) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) (Tables 2,3). CPS
      activity was reduced to less than 15% of control values in all four patients from
      whom tissues was obtained during the first 72 hr after the onset of
      encephalopathy. Two patents from whom tissue was not obtained until after 9 days
      of symptoms showed no reduction in CPS activity. The OTC activity was also
      reduced (3-67% of control values) in the four patients from whom tissue was
      obtained early in the illness. In addition, greater than 60% reduction in Vmax
      and Km for carbamyl phosphate was noted in all four patients in whom sample size
      permitted kinetic analysis, including both patients in whom CPS and OTC activity
      were not markedly reduced. The same kinetic abnormality as well as decreased CPS
      activity were experimentally produced in normal rate liver incubated in the
      presence of 1.0 mM 4-pentenoic acid, a short chain fatty acid and known hepatic
      mitochondrial toxin (Table 4).

PMID- 171619
TI  - Longitudinal sleep patterns during pubertal growth: four-year follow up.
AB  - There were little or no indications of differences in sleep outcomes between the
      sexes. Results indicate a disturbance of sleep on initial laboratory nights
      relative to later nights. The results reported here clearly document the
      persistence of these effects from year to year. For the most part, sleep
      characteristics during the 4 years immediately after onset of puberty appear to
      represent a typical phase in the gradual patterns of changes across all ages.
      Total sleep time decreased markedly from 560 min in age range 10-12 to 424 min in
      age range 20-29, with our puberty subjects as intermediate levels. Puberty
      subjects has an average of 2.5 awakenings/night in the first 2 years as compared
      with 1.2/night in the last 2 years. The number of sleep stage shifts during the
      night varied around a constant mean value of approximately 37/night throughout
      all ages. The number of rapid eye movement (REM) period during the night
      decreased sharply for individuals from childhood (6.9/night) through adolescence
      (4.0/night), remaining constant thereafter. Percentages of the various sleep
      stages were fairly constant for individuals from age range 10-12 through age 30
      39. Our puberty subjects had percentage profiles in near perfect agreement with
      the normal ontogenetic process. Normative data suggest that slow wave sleep
      reaches a peak at some point during the teen years.

PMID- 171620
TI  - A "basic" predecessor of "applied" heart transplantation.

PMID- 171621
TI  - Solubility of various inert gases in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - For the determination of solubility coefficients, isolated rat abdominal muscles
      were equilibrated at 37 degrees C with various inert gases saturated with water
      vapor. After rapid transfer into a closed chamber containing room air the amount
      of gas extracted from the sample by diffusion was measured by gas chromatography.
      Corrections for unextracted gas and for gas lost during the transfer of the
      sample were applied. The following mean values for the solubility coefficients,
      in mumol-1(-1)-torr(-1), were found: chloro-difluoro-methane (Freon 22), 56.0;
      acetylene, 55.5; nitrous oxide, 27.7; methane, 2.42; hydrogen, 1.13; helium,
      0.608; sulfur hexafluoride, 0.559. The relationships between solubility in
      tissue, in water and in olive oil are discussed.

PMID- 171622
TI  - Diffusivity of various inert gases in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Krogh's diffusion constant (K) was determined for various inert gases in isolated
      rat abdominal muscle at 37 degrees C by measuring the amount of gas diffusing per
      unit time and partial pressure difference through a portion of the muscle of
      known surface area and thickness. The following mean values for K, in 10(-9) mmol
      min-1-cm-1-torr-1, were obtained: C2H2, 42.2; N2O, 20.0; CHClF2, 18.8; H2, 1.67;
      He, 1.42; CH4, 1.27; SF6, 0.081. From Krogh's diffusion constant, the diffusion
      coefficient (D) was calculated using the solubility coefficient determined
      previously in the same preparation. The D values thus obtained were found to be
      about half the D values in water at 37 degrees C. Model calculations show that
      for gases with high lipid/water partition coefficient, D in tissues containing
      lipid is underestimated by this method. Graham's law (inverse proportionality
      between D and square root of molecular mass) was found to represent a useful
      approximation for these gases. A better correlation, however, was obtained
      between D and the molecular diameter.

PMID- 171623
TI  - Letter: Neurophysiological investigation of spinal reflexes at different
      temperatures of the spinal cord in birds and reptiles.

PMID- 171624
TI  - The role of extracellular Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotides in the mechanism of enzyme
      secretion from the cat pancreas.
AB  - The role of Ca2+ in protein secretion from the isolated perfused cat's pancreas,
      the effect of the dibutyryl analogues of cAMP and cGMP, and the interrelation of
      Ca2+ and the nucleotides were studied. The following results were obtained: 1.
      Pancreatic enzyme secretion can be elicited by CaCl2 injections into the
      pancreatic arteries and is linearily related to the peak Ca2+ concentration in
      the effluent perfusate. Different background Ca2+ concentrations in the perfusate
      (3 mM or 0.125 mM) do not disturb this relation, indicating that no adaptation
      occurs. The effect of Ca2+ injections is of the same magnitude as that evoked by
      the hormones pancreozymin or acetylcholine. 2. Injections of Ca2+ potentiate the
      effects of dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP), dibutyryl
      guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcGMP) or theophylline. 3. Infusion of low
      doses of pancreozymin increases the Ca2+ effect. The findings indicate that
      extracellular Ca2+ is involved in the mechanism of enzyme secretion and that Ca2+
      and cyclic nucleotides have a synergistic action on the target.

PMID- 171625
TI  - S-adenosylmethionine: DNA-cytosine 5-methyltransferase from a Novikoff rat
      hepatoma cell line.
AB  - Partial purification of DNA methylase from Novikoff rat hepatoma cells is
      described. Contamination with other proteins persists although the enzyme
      preparation has a high specific activity and is purified 980-fold over homogenate
      activity. Evidence suggests, but does not prove, that there may be more than one
      species of DNA methylase in these cells. The enzyme has two broad pH optima at pH
      7.0 and 7.5 and most readily methylates heterologous denatured DNAs although
      complex reaction kinetics indicate that native DNAs may eventually be methylated
      to an equal or greater level. The preparation of undermethylated DNA from
      Novikoff cells is also described. Undermethylated homologous DNA is an 85-fold
      greater acceptor of methyl groups than fully methylated Novikoff cell DNA. In
      contrast to other DNA substrates, the enzyme preparation methylates native
      undermethylated homologous DNA at a 3.5-fold greater than denatured
      undermethylated homologous DNA.

PMID- 171626
TI  - The synthesis of the internucleotide (phosphodiester) bond by a base-catalysed
      reaction.
AB  - Potassium tert-butoxide in hexamethyl phosphoramide and dimethyl formamide
      provides an excellent catalyst for the reaction of a 3'-hydroxyl or a 5'-hydroxyl
      group of a nucleoside with an appropriate nucleoside phosphorofluoridate to yield
      the dinucleoside phosphate. This paper describes the experiments leading to the
      development of this reaction together with the synthesis of thymidylyl-(5' leads
      to 3')-thymidine (dT-dT).

PMID- 171627
TI  - Sequences spanning the EcoRI substrate site.
AB  - Substrate recognition by the EcoRI restriction endonuclease was investigated by
      analysis of the nucleotide sequences at the sites of enzymatic cleavage in
      various DNA molecules. 5'-end labeling and homochromatographic fingerprinting led
      to the determination of a 17-base-pair sequence spanning the EcoRI site of simian
      virus 40 DNA and a 15-base-pair sequence overlapping the EcoRI site of Col El
      plasmid DNA. Three other DNAs were similarly tested, although extended sequences
      were not determined in these cases. The EcoRI site was shown to be symmetric
      double-stranded equivalent of -N-G-A-A-T-T-C-N-.

PMID- 171629
TI  - Family focus--transitional health care.

PMID- 171628
TI  - Mapping the transcription site of the SV40-specific late 16 S mRNA.
AB  - This paper describes the purification of polysomal RNA from SV40-lytically
      infected CV1 (monkey) cells and separation of the two distinct classes of SV40
      specific mRNA sedimenting at 16 S and 19 S. These classes have been hybridized
      with the whole SV40 DNA genome as well as with the SV40 Hind fragments. The
      results have permitted the mapping of SV40-specific late 16 S mRNA from
      approximately 0.945 to 0.175 map units.

PMID- 171630
TI  - Histamine-an important mediator for the Euler-Liljestrand mechanism?

PMID- 171632
TI  - [The influence of pulmonary microoilembolization on respiratory function after
      lymphography (author's transl)].

PMID- 171631
TI  - [Hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation after lymphangiography (author's transl)].

PMID- 171634
TI  - [Case of polyneuropathy following foschlor poisoning].

PMID- 171633
TI  - [Effectiveness of radiotherapy in otic chemodectoma in the light of long-term
      observations].

PMID- 171635
TI  - Search for potential amoebicides. Part IV. Some hydrazones derivatives of 2-nitro
      4-5-dimethoxybenzhydrazide and of 1-4-bis-[alpha(o-acetylhydrazino) phenethyl]
      piperazine.
AB  - By the condensation of 2-nitro-4-5-dimethoxybenzhydrazide and of 1,4-bis[alpha(O
      acetylhydrazino) phenethyl] piperazine with various carbonyl compounds 42
      hydrozones were synthesissed. Out of them 26 compounds were tested against the
      axenic-culture of E. histolytica at conc. of 125 mug/ml but no significant
      amoebicidal activity was observed.

PMID- 171636
TI  - [Preliminary evaluation of lipoprotein X (lp-X) detection in the serum in
      obstructive jaundice].

PMID- 171637
TI  - [Primary liver neoplasm in an infant].

PMID- 171638
TI  - [Regulation of the activity of protein kinases (author's transl)].

PMID- 171639
TI  - Effect of various concentrations of protein in chick diet upon the metabolic
      enzymes of glycine and serine.
AB  - The effect of feeding low protein diets with and without 2% glycine or 2% L
      serine to chicks upon the enzymes concerned in the matabolism of glycine and
      serine has been determined. D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.s),
      hosphoserine phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.3), and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC
      2.1.2.1) activities were significantly increased in livers from chicks fed 75%
      protein diets as compared to liver enzyme activities from chicks fed either 24%
      chick starter, 2% or 25% protein diets. Phosphoserine phosphatase activity was
      significantly higher in kidney tissue of chicks fed 75% protein diets. Livers
      from chicks fed 25% protein diets had a higher activity for D-3-phosphoglycerate
      dehydrogenase and phosphoserine phosphatase than did those fed chick starter or
      2% protein diets. D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and phosphoserine
      phosphatase activities were higher in livers from chicks fed 2% protein, 2%
      protein + 2% glycine, and 2% protein + 2% L-serine diets when compared to those
      from chicks fed low protein diets with supplemental methionine or cysteine.
      Serine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.13), glycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.29) and
      hydroxypyruvate-P: L-glutamate transaminase activities remained constant in
      livers from chicks fed all experimental diets. The uric acid concentration was
      significantly increased in plasma from chicks fed the high protein diets which
      suggests that D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, phosphoserine phosphatase and
      serine hydroxymethyltransferase activities were increased because of the high
      requirement for glycine in uric acid formation. The 75% protein diet provided
      three times as much glycine as the 25% protein diet which may have met the
      increased need for glycine for uric acid formation.

PMID- 171640
TI  - Mercuric chloride effects on the activities of some hepatic enzymes in chicks.
AB  - Three groups of 6 male chicks each were fed a commercial diet and were given
      drinking water which contained either 0, 150 or 300 mug. of mercury/ml. as
      mercuric chloride from hatching to 3 weeks of age. The chicks were killed, the
      livers were removed and weighed, and the activities of selected enzymes were
      measured in the 800 X gav supernatant fractions of the liver homogenates. Liver
      weights were depressed from control values in chicks receiving 300 p.p.m. mercury
      but not in chicks receiving 150 p.p.m. Fatty acid synthetase specific activity
      was depressed by both levels of added mercury, but microsomal fatty acid
      elongation was depressed only by 300 p.p.m. of mercury. Both levels of added
      mercury stimulated acid phosphatase specific activity. The speecific activities
      of cytochrome c oxidase, glucose-6-phosphatase and 6-phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenase were unaffected by added mercury. The data support the hypothesis
      that mercury administration does not result in generalized hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 171641
TI  - [Skeletal age and school achievements. Study on the prognostic value of the
      skeletal age as a measure for physical school readiness].

PMID- 171643
TI  - [Determination of the relative volume of the incorporations of a lipid nature by
      Candida guilleirmondii yeast cultured on hydrocarbons].
AB  - The paper describes a method for measuring a relative volume of lipid
      incorporations into yeast Candida guilliermondii cultivated on hydrocarbons. A
      relative volume of the incorporations (mean ratio of the volume of lipid
      incorporations to the cell volume expressed as percentage) as compared with the
      hydrocarbon content in the cells expressed as percentage of the yeast dry weight
      is given for each yeast sample. A direct correlation between the hydrocarbon
      content and relative volume of lipid incorporations has been demonstrated. The
      distribution of lipid incorporations in yeast populations with a different
      content of hydrocarbons has been studied statistically.

PMID- 171642
TI  - Preparation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) containing significantly increased
      amounts of galactose and galactosamine.
AB  - CEA was prepared by combined isoelectric precipitation, ultrafiltration and
      column chromatography under controlled conditions of pH. The resulting
      immunologically active materials were higher in carbohydrate (85-87%), N-acetyl
      galactosamine (10-11.5%) and galactose (28-32%) content than that previously
      reported. Differences in amino acid yield were also noted; the concentrations of
      aspartate, serine, glycine and alanine being higher and that of lysine,
      histidine, arginine, proline, valine, isoleucine, leucine and tyrosine were lower
      than that reported for CEA prepared by previous methods. The tumor tissues for
      CEA extraction were obtained from two Group O Rh positive deceased. Neither
      preparation showed Group A or B activity as measured by hemagglutination
      inhibition. It is suggested that the method of purification influences the
      carbohydrate and amino acid yields.

PMID- 171644
TI  - [Regulation of amylolytic complex enzyme biosynthesis in Endomycopsis fibuligera
      strain 20-9].
AB  - The effect of glucose and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on the
      synthesis of glucoamylase and alpha-amylase by the yeast Endomycopsis fibuligera
      str. 20-9 was investigated. The glucoamylase synthesis was inhibited by every
      concentration (0.05--3.0%) of glucose. The synthesis of alpha-amylase was
      significantly reduced by high concentrations (2.0-3.0%) of carbohydrate only. An
      addition of cAMP (1 X 10(-5) M) reversed compeltely the inhibitory effect of 0.5
      2.0% glucose on the alpha-amylase synthesis and partially restored the
      glucoamylase synthesis. It is concluded that catabolite repression may be
      involved in the regulation of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase synthesis by
      Endomycopsis fibuligera str. 20-9 and that this type of regulation shows varying
      effectiveness in the enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 171645
TI  - [Effect of the method of cell disintegration on the aspartate kinase activity of
      preparations from Bacillus polymyxa var. Ross].
AB  - The influence of methods of cell disintegration of Bac. polymyxa on aspartate
      kinase activity (EC 2.7.2.4) was examined. The disruption by means of the Hews
      press yielded a more active preparation as compared with ultrasonic
      disintegration. The supernatant treatment with streptomycin sulphate increased
      the preparation activity 2-fold. Dialysis of the fraction with a high activity of
      aspartate kinase inactivated the enzyme by 80--85%. The relationship between the
      aspartate kinase activity and the portein and ATP concentration in the reaction
      mixture was established.

PMID- 171646
TI  - Interaction of ubisemiquinone with a paramagnetic component in heart tissue.
AB  - The origin of most of the electron paramagnetic resonances obtained at low
      temperature and low microwave power from heart tissue and subcellular fractions
      derived therefrom is now understood. A signal that emerges on partial reduction
      with characteristic lines at 3227 G (0.3227 tesla) and 3309 G (0.3309 tesla) (at
      9.2 GHz) and disappears again on full reduction has remained unidentified.
      According to its behavior on oxidation-reduction, the substance giving rise to
      this signal has the properties of a two-electron acceptor. The signal is strongly
      dependent on temperature and can only be well resolved at less than 20 degrees K.
      It is readily elicited in submitochondrial particles by partial reduction, but
      has not been observed in submitochondrial particles from which ubiquinone has
      been removed by pentane extraction. When ubiquinone is reincorporated into
      extracted submitochondrial particles, the signal is again easily produced by
      partial reduction. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of partially reduced
      submitochondrial particles recorded at 34 GHz show lines centered about g
      approximately 2 with the same separation (approximately 82 G; approximately
      0.0082 tesla) as do 9.2 GHz spectra, whereas no lines are detected with a
      separation of approximately 82 X 34/9.2 G (0.0082 X 34/9.2 tesla). We suggest, on
      the basis of these observations, that the unidentified signal arises from an
      interaction of ubisemiquinone and a second paramagnetic species. Three obvious
      choices exist concerning this second species: ubisemiquinone, flavin semiquinone,
      or an iorn-sulfur center. It is not possible without much additional information
      to decide between these possibilities. Since we have never observed the signal in
      the absence of the membrane-bound, high-potential type iron-sulfur protein, we
      have considered involvement of this species in the interaction. However,
      according to computer simulations of the observed electron paramagnetic resonance
      spectra, which yield best fits for semiquinone-semiquinone interaction, the
      possibility that ubi- or flavin semiquinone is the interaction partner appears
      more likely at this time. The interaction appears to be of the magnetic dipole
      dipole type, but it is not certain whether there is also a contribution from spin
      exchange coupling. If it is assumed that the signal is due to magnetic dipole
      dipole interaction, the distance of the partners is less than or equal to 7.7 A.

PMID- 171647
TI  - Location of histones on simian virus 40 DNA.
AB  - The physical location of histone molecules in a simian virus 40 DNA-histone
      complex isolated from purified virions was examined using site-specific
      restriction endonucleases. The complex contains four host histone species but
      lacks histone F1. Histones prevent complete cleavage of SV40 DNA by two
      restriction enzymes, HindIII and EcoRI. From the pattern of DNA fragments
      resulting from cleavage of the histone-DNA complex by the HindIII endonuclease,
      which makes six breaks on purified SV 40 DNA, we have concluded that histones are
      randomly arranged on SV40 DNA relative to restriction enzyme cleavage sites. The
      EcoRI endonuclease, which makes one break in SV40 NDA, was used to determine the
      degree of physical coverage of the SV 40 DNA molecule by histones. We observed
      that 80% of the EcoRI sites in the complex are accessible to the enzyme while 20%
      are "closed." This degree of coverage is consistent with the mass ratio of
      DNA:histone in the complex as revealed by the buoyant density of the formaldehyde
      fixed complex. We conclude that the histones in the complex are located randomly
      on the SV 40 genome and cover approximatley 20% of the DNA. These results suggest
      that the histone species F2b, F2al, F2a2, and F3 are bound without regard to
      nucleotide sequence of SV 40 DNA.

PMID- 171648
TI  - Hormonal effects on structure and catalytic properties of fructose 1,6
      bisphosphatase.
AB  - Gluconeogenic conditions, such as administration of triamcinolone or alloxan
      diabetes, cause the following changes in the molecular structure and properties
      of rabbit liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1
      phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11): (1) the appearance of traces (about 10%) of a
      lighter subunit; (2) loss of tryptophan from all of the subunits, including those
      that show no apparent change in molecular weight; (3) increase in requirement for
      the positive allosteric effector, histidine; (4) increase in amount of enzyme,
      but not its specific activity. These changes are identical to those induced by
      cold or fasting, and are related to increased activities of lysosomal proteases.
      The results suggest that lysosomes may act as mediators of gluconeogenic stimuli.

PMID- 171649
TI  - Inactivation of rabbit muscle phosphorylase phosphatase by cyclic AMP-dependent
      kinas.
AB  - Partially purified rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.17;
      phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase) was inactivated when it was incubated with
      exogenous cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37; ATP:protein
      phosphotransferase), cyclic AMP, and ATP-Mg. Subsequent separation of the
      phosphatase by acrylamide gel electrophoresis or sucrose density centrifugation
      resulted in reactivation of the enzyme. The phosphatase decreased in molecular
      weight from approximately 70,000 to 52,000, and a phosphorylated inhibitor with
      molecular weight of 26,000 was found. Reactivation of phosphatase also occurred
      when it was incubated with MnCl2 or trypsin. The inhibitor was effective at less
      than 10(-8) M and was relatively heat stable. Its activity was destroyed by
      tryptic digestion and by dephosphorylation by a Mn-stimulated phosphatase. These
      observations support the possibility that phosphorylase phosphatase activity is
      controlled by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and a Mn-stimulated phosphatase
      by a reaction involving phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a protein
      phosphatase inhibitor.

PMID- 171650
TI  - Interchain disulfide bonds in procollagen are located in a large nontriple
      helical COOH-terminal domain.
AB  - Tadpole collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) cleaved chick cranial bone procollagen into two
      triple-stranded fragments, PCA and PCB. Only PCB, with an estimated molecular
      weight of about 60,000 for each component chain after reduction, was found to
      contain interchain disulfide bonds. The analogous cleavage of collagen is known
      to produce a large NH2-terminal fragment with a molecular weight of 70,000 for
      each chain and a small COOH-terminal fragment containing chains of about 25,000
      molecular weight. Since PCB was too small to represent the product NH2-terminal
      to the site of collagenase cleavage, localization of interchain disulfide bonds
      to a COOH-terminal domain in procollagen was indicated. This assignment was
      conformed by Dintzis-type short-term labeling experiments. Procollagen obtained
      by acid extraction of bone lacked the COOH-terminal disulfide-bonded domain. The
      findings support a model for procollagen consisting of three proalpha chains each
      containing nonhelical NH2-terminal extensions of 20,000 molecular weight and COOH
      terminal extensions of about 35,000 molecular weight, the latter linked by
      interchani disulfide bonds.

PMID- 171651
TI  - Effect of chemical inactivating agents on glucocorticoid receptor proteins in
      mouse and hamster cells.
AB  - The ffect of N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide on the glucocorticoid receptor
      activity extracted from the cytosol of either mouse of hamster cells has been
      investigated. Treatment of mouse or hamster cytosol with N-ethylmaleimide or
      iodoacetamide rapidly inactivates the [3H]glucocorticoid hormone binding activity
      of either cytosol. Prebinding the glucocorticoid hormone, dexamethasone, to the
      cytosol receptor blocks the rapid inactivation of the receptor by N
      ethylmaleimide. Treatment of the prebound hormone-receptor complex with
      iodoacetamide prevents the subsequent binding of the hormone-receptor complex to
      DNA without causing a dissociation of the complex. Although the conclusions may
      be limited by the lack of purity of the receptor, the results suggest that a
      sulfhydryl group is involved in the binding of glucocorticoid hormones to the
      receptor protein. In addition, the results suggest that iodoacetamide is
      inactivating a separate chemical site which is necessary for the binding of the
      hormone-receptor complex to DNA.

PMID- 171652
TI  - Cyclic AMP-mediated induction of ornithine decarboxylase of glioma and
      neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17; L-ornithine carboxy-lyase)
      of C6-BU-1 glioma and N115 neuroblastoma cells increases significantly when
      confluent cultures are treated with compounds that increase cellular cAMP levels.
      These include norepinephrine or isoproterenol, and prostaglandin E1 or adenosine,
      which stimulate ornithine decarboxylase activity in C6-BU-1 glioma and N115
      neuroblastoma cells, respectively. Ornithine decarboxylase activity is also
      elevated in confluent C6-BU-1 glioma cells treated with dibutyrylcAMP and
      theophylline, or after the glioma cells are fed with a serum-depleted medium in
      the presence of catecholamines and inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase. The activity of the enzyme increases 500- to 1000-fold, 2-6 hr
      after stationary-phase N115 neuroblastoma cells are fed with a serum-free medium,
      supplemented with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, adenosine, or prostaglandin E1.
      This stimulation is antagonized by carbamoyl choline and is blocked by
      actinomycin D or cycloheximide. These results suggest that the synthesis of
      ornithine decarboxylase of C6-BU-1 glioma and N115 neuroblastoma cells is
      controlled by cAMP.

PMID- 171654
TI  - Surface ruffles as markers for studies of cell transformation by Rous sarcoma
      virus.
AB  - Confluent chick embryo fibroblasts infected with the Ts68 mutant of Rous sarcoma
      virus were examined by scanning electron microscopy at the permissive (36
      degrees) and nonpermissive (41 degrees) temperatures for transformation. Infected
      cells shifted from 41 degrees to 36 degrees undergo a change in shape from
      elongated to rounded. This process is preceded by the appearance of surface
      ruffles on the cell. These surface ruffles are not observed on cells maintained
      at 41 degrees, appear as early as 0.5 hr after a shift to 36 degrees, and are
      common on cells maintained at 36 degrees. By 3.5 hr after the shift from 41
      degrees to 36 degrees, cultures appear fully transformed by the criteria of cell
      roundedness and the presence of surface ruffles. This surface alteration of cells
      is the earliest event of those so far reported during the transformation process
      and is not dependent upon protein synthesis and extracellular plasminogen during
      the period of temperature shift.

PMID- 171653
TI  - Human synoviocytes: activation and desensitization by prostaglandins and 1
      epinephrine.
AB  - The human synoviocyte increases its intracellular adenosine 3':5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cAMP) concentration significantly after incubation with
      prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin E2, or l-epinephrine. The cells can be
      desensitized to these same hormones. Hormone-induced desensitization is receptor
      site specific and associated with a significant increase in intracellular 3':5'
      cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4. 17; 3':5'-cyclic AMP 5'
      nucleotidohydrolase) activity, whereas cAMP-induced desensitization is not
      hormone specific.

PMID- 171655
TI  - Chemotactic signals induce cell differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Experiments carried out with the aid of cellophane membranes demonstrate that the
      morphogenetic block of certain nonaggregating, "aggregateless," mutants may be
      overcome by diffusible factors excreted by aggregating wild-type cells. The same
      differentiation process into aggregation-competent cell is observed if mutant
      amoebae are subjected to external 3':5'-cAMP pulses imposed at 5 min intervals.
      Wild-type amoebae also respond to cAMP pulses, since the onset of differentiation
      is more precocious in pulsed than in unpulsed populations. These data suggest
      that chemotactic signals act as an inducer of cell differentiation.

PMID- 171656
TI  - Target cells in bone for parathormone and calcitonin are different: enrichment
      for each cell type by sequential digestion of mouse calvaria and selective
      adhesion to polymeric surfaces.
AB  - Six populations of bone cells (populations 1-6) were obtained by sequential
      digestion of mouse calvaria with collagenase and trypsin. After release from the
      tissue, each cell population was cultured for seven days. Parathormone, but not
      calcitonin, elicited an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP in the cells of
      populations 4, 5, and 6. In contrast, both hormones elicited increases in cyclic
      AMP in populations 2 and 3 but had no effect on population 1. When the cells of
      population 2 were exposed to a Falcontissue culture polystyrene surface for
      periods of time up to 5 min, many cells adhered. The nonadhering cell population
      contained a lesser proportion of cells responsive to calcitonin, whereas the
      adhering population contained a greater proportion responsive to this hormone.
      Conversely, when the cells of population 2 were exposed to an acid-treated nylon
      surface, the nonadhering cells contained a larger proportion of those responsive
      to calcitonin and a smaller proportion responsive to parathormone. When those
      cells that were enriched for calcitonin responsiveness were examined, we found an
      increased proportion that exhibited an asymmetric bipolar morphology. These
      differed from large amorphous, often binucleate, cells which predominated in
      those populations that responded exclusively to parathormone. These results
      establish that bone contains at least two types of target cells--one that
      responds to parathormone but not calcitonin, the other that responds
      predominantly to calcitonin.

PMID- 171657
TI  - Enhanced representation of HL-A antigens on human lymphocytes after mitogenesis
      induced by phytohemagglutinin or Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - The amount of HL-A antigens present on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a
      single human donor was increased about 11-fold after stimulation with
      phytohemagglutinin and 36-fold after transformation with Epstein-Barr virus. This
      increase applied to all four HL-A specificities of these cells. The response to
      phytohemagglutinin was dependent on dose and was first observed at 12 hr of
      incubation. Measurements of the amount of surface membranes by geometry, by
      radioiodinatable surface proteins, and by 5'-nucleotidase (5'-ribonucleotide
      phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.5) assay all indicated that the enhanced
      representation of HL-A antigens after stimulation by phytohemagglutinin or
      transformation by Epstein-Barr virus must be due to an increase in the density of
      these antigens on the cell surface.

PMID- 171658
TI  - Thyroid hormone binding by a component of mitochondrial membrane.
AB  - The thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine, has been shown to be bound by the
      intranuclear chromatin protein associated with active DNA, where it is believed
      to stimulate transcription. Evidence exists that the thyroid hormones have direct
      action not only on nuclei, but also on mitochondria. Threfore, specific proteins
      that bind thyroid hormones in the mitochondria should be demonstrable.
      Mitochondria were isolated from homogenized rat livers by sedimentation through
      0.25 M sucrose solution, followed by washing four times to free them  of
      microsomes. Strong binding of thyroid hormones was observed in mitochondrial
      fractions prepared from both the membranes and the matrix. After incubation in an
      ice bath with increasing amonts of triiodothyronine with added tracer
      [125I]triiodothyronine, the matrix infrequently contained specific saturable
      receptor sites, but usually exhibited strong "nonspecific" interaction...

PMID- 171659
TI  - C-type virus particles in placenta of normal healthy Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - C-type virus particles were found on electron-microscopic examination in
      placentas from two out of four young healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. One of these
      specimens contained virus particles budding from the plasma membranes of cells in
      the junctional zone of the placenta, i.e., the region where the fetal and
      maternal cell layers meet. In the other placenta, immature and mature C-type
      virus particles were found among cell debris also in the junctional region. This
      observation adds another species of animals to those recently reported, such as
      rhesus and baboon monkeys, as well as humans, in which C-type virus particles
      were found in the placenta. The presence of C-type viicant in view of the fact
      that a considerable number of these animals develop spontaneously a variety of
      malignant tumors, occasionally also leukemia and malignant lymphomas; however,
      none of these spontaneous tumors reveals the presence of virus particles on
      electron-microscopic examination. The nature of virus particles detected in rat
      placenta remains to be determined. As a working hypothesis, it is possible to
      assume that they may represent the passage of latent, presumably oncogenic,
      viruses transmitted "vertically" from parents to offspring. In the course of this
      passage some of them may be formed, emerging temporarily from their latency,
      before losing their identity and being again incorporated into the cell genetic
      components.

PMID- 171660
TI  - Identification of the 5' end of Rous sarcoma virus RNA.
AB  - The 5'-terminal triphosphate of the 35S RNA isolated from Rous sarcoma virus is
      blocked by 7-methylguanosine in 5' linkage with the penultimate nucleoside which
      is methylated in the 2'-O-ribose position, a type of endgroup found in all animal
      mRNAs investigated during the past year. The specific nuclease-resistant terminal
      fragment of RSV RNA has the structure 7mG5'ppp5'GmpCp-. This finding supports the
      belief that RNA of Rous sarcoma virus represents a (+) strand messenger which may
      be directly translated upon infection.

PMID- 171661
TI  - Reversible effects of chaotropic agents on the proton permeability of Escherichia
      coli membrane vesicles.
AB  - Extraction of E. coli ML 308-225 membrane vesicles with chaotropic agents causes
      the vesicles to become specifically permeable to protons. As a result, the
      vesicles no longer generate a membrane potential, interior negative, and they do
      not catalyze respiration-dependent lactose or proline transport. Treatment of the
      extracted vesicles with various carbodiimides decreases the permeability of the
      vesicle membrane to protons, causing them to regain their ability to generate a
      membrane potential. By this means, active transport is completely reactivated.
      Exposure of the vesicles to carbodiimides prior to extraction with chaotropic
      agents makes transport activity impervious to the effects of the chaotropes.

PMID- 171662
TI  - Receptor-mediated shifts in cGMP and cAMP levels in neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - 3':5'-cGMP levels of neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells increase as much as 200-fold
      upon activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, resulting in intracellular
      cGMP concentrations greater than 600 pmol/mg of protein. The cells also have
      receptors for adenosine which mediate an increase in 3':5'-cAMP levels.
      Unexpectedly, prostaglandin E1 was found to increase the concentrations of both
      cGMP and cAMP. Carbamylcholine, adenosine, and PGE1 were added to cells
      separately and in pairs to determine the effect of one compound on cell responses
      to another. Reciprocal inhibition, unilateral inhibition, additive, and
      nonadditive responses were observed with respect to cGMP and cAMP levels when
      different pairs of receptors were activated simultaneously.

PMID- 171663
TI  - Comparison between growth characteristics of an Epstein--Barr virus (EBV)-genome
      negative lymphoma line and its EBV-converted subline in vitro.
AB  - The GC-BJAB cell line, which carries the Epstein--Barr virus (EBV), was derived
      from an EBV-genome-negative lymphoma line (BJAB) by EBV infection in vitro [G. B.
      Clements, G. Klein, and S. Povey (1975) Int. J. Cancer, in press]. Both lines
      grow at a similar rate at 37 degrees but they differ at other temperatures. BJAB
      grows well at 34 degrees, 37 degrees, and 39 degrees. GC-BJAB grows at 37 degrees
      and 39 degrees, but grows poorly at 34 degrees. At 37 degrees, GC-BJAB cultures
      can be maintained at the viable state for a long time after having reached
      saturation density (approximately 10(6) cells per ml). In contrast, BJAB cultures
      die very soon after having attained similar maximum density. Since the identity
      of the two cell lines has been critically established [Clements et al.; E.
      Svedmyr and M. Jondal (1975) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci USA 72, 1622--1626; G. Klein,
      to be published; J. Zeuthen, personal communication] the remarkable differences
      in their growth properties must be attributed to the EBV genome.

PMID- 171664
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of insulin receptors on adipocytes.
AB  - The method for preparing a stable, biologically active, covalently linked
      ferritin--insulin complex has been modified to provide a 25-fold increase in
      yield compared to the original procedure while reducing the molar fatio of
      ferritin to insulin to 1:1 from 40:1. Ultrastructural studies of isolated
      adipocytes revealed specific binding of ferritin--insulin to the cell surface in
      irregular clusters associated with the glycocalyx coating. The number of ferritin
      -insulin molecules observed was consistent with the number of sulin molecules
      observed was consistent with the number of receptors calculated from 125I-labeled
      insulin binding studies. The ferritin--insulin was not observed in the cytoplasm
      of the cell but was found on the convave side of surface connected vesicles.
      These surface connected vesicles were part of an alveolar-like system of plasma
      membrane invaginations which project in various directions in the cytoplasm and
      by thin sectioning can appear as pinocytotic-like microvesicles. The
      morphological observations on ferritin--insulin binding were supported by the
      finding that 125I-labeled insulin binding was almost exclusively localized to
      highly purified plasma membranes isolated by fractionation of adipocytes after
      incubation with 125I-labeled insulin. These data supported the theory that
      insulin did not need to enter a cell to cause biological effects and was
      consistent with the negative cooperativity concept of insulin binding to cell
      receptors.

PMID- 171665
TI  - In vitro infection of lymphoid cells by thymotropic radiation leukemia virus
      grown in vitro.
AB  - Murine lymphoid cells were infected in vitro with purified leukemogenic radiation
      leukemia virus (RadLV) produced by virus-induced lymphoblast cell lines.
      Thymocytes were shown to be highly susceptible to infection by the virus, whereas
      murine or other fibroblasts were refractory to it. Murine bone marrow and spleen
      cells were shown to be much less sensitive to infection by this thymotropic
      RadLV. By comparison, a B-tropic RadLV isolate (RadLV), propagated on a mouse
      fibroblast cell line, was noninfectious for lymphoid cells but infected
      fibroblasts. A correlation was shown to exist between in vitro infection of
      thymocytes, as assayed by immunofluorescence, and in vivo leukemogenicity of the
      thymotropic RadLV. This constitutes a rapid in vitro test for in vivo
      leukemogenicity of a natural lymphatic leukemia virus.

PMID- 171666
TI  - Central role for magnesium in coordinate control of metabolism and growth in
      animal cells.
AB  - The rate of DNA synthesis in cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts is reduced by
      deprivation of serum, high population density, and other "physiological"
      effectors, through a reduction in the number of cells in the S-period of the cell
      cycle. The same effect can be produced by drastically reducing the concentration
      of Mg++ added to the medium. This effect is erratic, however, and better control
      of [Mg++] can be achieved with phosphorylated compounds which preferentially bind
      Mg++. Both ATP and ADP, at concentrations in the medium less than or equal to
      [Mg++], stimulate DNA synthesis in cultures, and at greater concentrations
      inhibit DNA synthesis by affe-ting the proportion of cells in the S-period.
      Sodium pyrophosphate, which strongly complexes Mg++, causes little stimulation of
      DNA synthesis at low concentrations, but causes a striking decrease at
      concentrations exceeding [Mg++] of the medium. The inhibition can be fully
      reversed by adding an excess of Mg++, and the kinetics of increase in DNA
      synthesis resemble those which follow the restoration of serum to serum-deprived
      cultures. Limitation of [Mg++] by pyrophosphate also reduces the rates of RNA and
      protein synthesis, 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake, and lactic acid production to an
      extent comparable to the reduction caused by the removal of serum from the
      medium. A model for the coordinate control of metabolism, differentiated
      function, and growth through the activity of divalent cations is described. The
      compartmentalization of Mg++ within the cell serves as the key element in this
      coordinate control by regulating those metabolic pathways in which the rate
      limiting steps are transphosphorylation reactions.

PMID- 171667
TI  - Molecular weights of adrenocorticotropic hormone in extracts of anterior and
      intermediate-posterior lobes of mouse pituitary.
AB  - The molecular weight of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) activity in
      extracts of the separated anterior and intermediate-posterior lobes of the mouse
      pituitary was determined by gel filtration in guanidine-HCl. Following dilution
      or removal of the guanidine-HCl, ACTH activity was quantitated by both
      radioimmunoassay and bioassay. Extracts of the intermediate-posterior lobe
      contain approximately a tenth as much ACTH activity as extracts of the anterior
      lobe. In extracts of both the anterior and the intermediate-posterior lobes,
      about half of the immunological ACTH activity is similar in size to porcine ACTH
      (molecular weight 4000--5500). Two higher molecular weight forms of ACTH account
      for the remainder of the ACTH activity. About 40% of the immunological ACTH
      activity in anterior lobe extracts has a molecular weight of 6500--9000. Extracts
      of both the anterior lobe and the intermediate-posterior lobe contain ACTH
      activity with a molecular weight of 20,000--30,000. While this 20,000--30,000
      molecular weight ACTH accounts for only 5% of the immunological ACTH activity in
      the anterior lobe extracts, it accounts for half of the immunological ACTH
      activity in extracts of the intermediate-posterior lobe. Extracts of an ACTH
      secreting mouse pituitary tumor cell line (AtT-20/D-16v) contain the same three
      molecular weight forms of ACTH. Each of the three molecular weight forms of ACTH
      has a characteristic ratio of biological ACTH activity to immunological ACTH
      activity, independent of the source of the material (anterior lobe, intermediate
      posterior lobe, or mouse pituitary tumor cell line).

PMID- 171668
TI  - Periodate and concanavalin A induce blast transformation of rat lymphocytes by an
      indirect mechanism.
AB  - When rat lymph node cells, rendered incapable of division by treatment with
      mitomycin C, were then reacted with sodium metaperiodate (NaIO4), they stimulated
      the transformation of untreated, syngeneic lymph node cells in vitro. Unequivocal
      evidence that untreated lymph node cells responded in this situation was obtained
      by means of sex chromosome karyotype analysis. In experiments in which the ratio
      of responder to stimulator cells was varied between the limits of pure responder
      and pure stimulator cells at a constant cell density, [3H]thymidine incorporation
      increased linearly to a maximum at a ratio of 1:1, and then decreased linearly.
      These results suggest a predominantly bicellular reaction in which one periodate
      treated cell stimulates only one responder cell. In experiments in which
      stimulator cells were reacted with periodate, but not treated with mitomycin C,
      and then mixed at a 1:1 ratio with untreated, syngeneic lymph node cells,
      karyotype analysis showed that both periodate-treated and untreated lymph node
      cells responded in significant numbers. Lymph node cells were cultured at various
      cell densities under three different conditions: one group was made up entirely
      of cells treated with periodate; a second group consisted of a 1:1 mixture of
      cells treated with periodate and untreated cells; the third group contained
      normal cells cultured in the presence of soluble concanavalin A. Expressed as
      [3H]thymidine incorporated per 10(6) cells, a progressive increase was found at
      the lower cell densities for all three groups, and identical slopes (about 2.5)
      were obtained when the results were plotted on a full logarithmic scale.
      Mitomycin C-treated lymph node cells incubated with concanavalin A and then
      thoroughly washed were found to be capable of transforming untreated, syngeneic
      lymph node cells. Maximal [3H]thymidine incorporation also occurred at a ratio of
      1:1. These results show that, similarly to periodate stimulation, mitogenic
      stimulation by concanavalin A probably operates through an indirect mechanism,
      analogous to a mixed lymphocyte reaction. It is possible that other mitogenic
      agents also operate indirectly.

PMID- 171669
TI  - Plasma membrane alteration associated with malignant transformation in culture.
AB  - The intramembrane organization of the plasma membranes of nonmalignant cells in
      culture has been compared by freeze-fracturing with that of virally-transformed
      malignant cells. No dramatic differences are present in the distribution of
      intramembrane particles in the plasma membranes of these cells when the cells are
      examined without fixation or with mild fixation (glutaraldehyde treatment) prior
      to freezing. However, a redistribution of intramembrane particles into aggregates
      occurs in the membranes of nontransformed cells after treatment with glycerol.
      The aggregation of particles is extensive in normal chick embryo fibroblasts, and
      less extensive in mouse 3T3 cells. The glycerol-induced particle redistribution
      is not inhibited at 4 degrees, but it is inhibited by pretreatment with 2.5%
      glutaraldehyde. A significant number of the cells remain viable after the
      glycerol treatment, and the process is reversible. Particle aggregation does not
      appear to be related to either growth rate or cell density. Transformed Rous
      sarcoma virus/chick embryo fibroblasts and simian virus 40/3T3 cells have few
      particle aggregates after glycerol treatment. The plasma membranes of chick
      embryo fibroblasts transformed with a mutant of Rous sarcoma virus (TS-68) that
      is temperature sensitive for transformation, have few particle aggregates when
      grown at the permissive temperature (37 degrees). Extremely prominent particle
      aggregates are present in the plasma membranes of cells grown at the
      nonpermissive temperature (41 degrees). These observations indicate that there is
      an alteration in the plasma membrane associated with viral transformation which
      is related to a glycerol-sensitive mechanism that controls the distribution of
      intramembrane particles.

PMID- 171670
TI  - Enhancement of immunity against murine syngeneic tumors by a fraction extracted
      from non-pathogenic mycobacteria.
AB  - The data reported here demonstrate that a preparation extracted from
      nonpathogenic mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and hereafter referred
      to as interphase material protected mice against Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma, L
      1210 leukemia, and another syngeneic lymphoid leukemia. Furthermore, mice treated
      by this preparation were much less susceptible to endotoxins than when stimulated
      by BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin) or M. smegmatis cells. Moreover, guinea pigs
      treated by interphase material administered in Freund's incomplete adjuvant
      showed an increased immune response, yet their sensitivity to tuberculin was much
      weaker than that of controls sensitized with Freund's complete adjuvant. Finally,
      resistance to Columbia SK virus infection could be demonstrated when interphase
      material was administered to mice prior to virus challenge.

PMID- 171671
TI  - Tumor regression at an untreated site during immunotherapy of an identical
      distant tumor.
AB  - The effects of two immunotherapy regimens on the development of an untreated,
      uniformly lethal transplantable line-10 hepatoma in strain 2 guinea pigs were
      monitored during treatment of an identical tumor 10 cm away. Line-10 cells were
      injected intradermally simultaneously at each of two sites. When one site was
      treated 6 and 16 days later with rabbit antibody against guinea pig fibrin
      fragment E, the complete regression of the treated tumor, a 25--30% depression in
      the development of the untreated tumor, and an increased survival time were
      observed. In another group of animals, when one site was treated 5 days after
      tumor challenge with syngeneic or xenogeneic "tumor-immune" RNA in a regimen
      including syngeneic nonsensitive lymphoid cells and tumor-specific antigen, all
      animals survived after complete and apparently specific regression of the tumors
      at both the treated and untreated sites. For the RNA regimen, we have shown that
      immunotherapy of an intradermally established line-10 tumor results in complete
      abrogation of both the treated and a distant untreated tumor; i.e., demonstrating
      a systemic effect.

PMID- 171672
TI  - Relationship between A-type and C-type particles in cells infected by Rous
      sarcoma virus.
AB  - Chicken cells infected with avian RNA tumor virus often contain small cytoplasmic
      A-type particles which commonly exist as clusters of 50--100 particles when
      viewed in thin sections. These particles were found more consistently in Rous
      sarcoma virus-infected than Rous-associated virus-infected cultures, but were
      generally present in only a small fraction of the total infected cells. The
      results of the survey of cells infected with various strains of leukosis-sarcoma
      viruses led to the hypothesis that the A particles develop in cells undergoing
      cytopathological degeneration. The hypothesis explains also the evanescent nature
      of the appearance of these particles in infected cells. The application of
      immunoelectron microscopic methods using monospecific antisera against viral
      internal proteins revealed that the A particles contain components
      immunologically related to the proteins of C-type virus.

PMID- 171673
TI  - Analysis of oncornavirus RNA subunits by electron microscopy.
AB  - Subunits of oncornavirus (avian myeloblastosis virus) RNA were isolated from
      purified 60--70S viral RNA by heat dissociation. Molecules sedimenting at 35 S,
      assumed to be the major component of the viral genome, were visualized in the
      electron microscope and their lengths were statistically analyzed. The results
      indicate a rather heterogeneous population of molecules with five distinct,
      reproducible size groups, an observation that excludes the assumption of random
      degradation of the genome. In addition, molecules of 28 and 18S RNA, always
      present in oncornavirus RNA preparations, were examined with the same methods.
      Some of these molecules possess secondary-structure regions similar to those
      characteristic for ribosomal RNA.

PMID- 171674
TI  - Factors in human vitamin D nutrition and in the production and cure of classical
      rickets.

PMID- 171675
TI  - Advances in the knowledge of the metabolism of vitamin D.

PMID- 171676
TI  - Variations in the composition of blood and urine following the ingestion of a
      high-protein diet.

PMID- 171677
TI  - Collagenase activity in rectal and colonic biopsies.

PMID- 171678
TI  - Cyproheptadine and beta cell function in the rat: insulin secretion from pancreas
      segments in vitro.
AB  - Pancreatic islet cell vacuolization, hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance
      develop in rats after oral administration of cyproheptadine (CPH). In order to
      determine whether these effects were associated with abnormal insulin secretion,
      pancreas segments from CPH-treated and control rats were compared for their
      ability to secrete insulin in response to several stimuli. Oral administration of
      CPH (45 mg/kg/day) to rats for 1 or 8 days inhibited glucose-mediated insulin
      secretion from pancreas segments obtained 3 and 24 hr after the last dose of the
      drug. Insulin secretion had returned to normal by 48 hr after drug
      administration. Intraperitoneal administration of the drug was less effective
      than oral administration in inhibiting in vitro insulin secretion. Other stimuli
      for insulin secretion (tolbutamide, glucagon, L-leucine, and dibutyryl
      3',5'cyclic AMP), like glucose, were incapable of releasing normal amounts of
      insulin from pancreas segments of CPH-treated rats. CPH and a metabolite,
      desmethyl-CPH, inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion when added in vitro
      to pancreas segments from control rats. This suggests that the inhibition of
      insulin secretion in pancreas segments taken from animals treated with CPH could
      be due, at least in part, to the presence of drug and its metabolite in the
      tissue. A previously observed reduction in the pancreatic content of insulin in
      CPH-treated rats may also contribute to the abnormal insulin release in animals
      given the drug.

PMID- 171679
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of glucocrticoid-treated hepatocytes and hepatoma
      cells in culture.
AB  - The morphological effects of exposure to hydrocortisone have been examined in two
      cell lines of liver origin by scanning electon microscopy. In one of these, an
      aneuploid line derived from a Morris hepatoma, the presence of hormone results
      not only in a suppression of cell proliferation, but in a marked flattening of
      the cells and loss of surface microvilli; in the other cell line, a diploid line
      derived from adult rat liver, the suppression of cell division is less marked,
      and the morphological effects of the hormone are far less striking. While the
      suppression of cell division in both of these cell lines is known to be rapidly
      reversible upon the removal of hormone, the presence of hormone causes the
      hepatoma cells to assume both monolayer growth characteristics and a morphology
      resembling those of cells derived from normal liver.

PMID- 171680
TI  - Analysis of the renin-angiotensin system during fasting in adult male rabbits.
AB  - Caloric deprivation for 3 days in adult male rabbits induced significant
      increases in daily urinary Na+ excretion, urinary volume and fluid intake as
      previously reported. These changes were accompanied by: (a) a significant
      reduction in plasma renin concentration; (b) an unchanged plasma renin activity;
      (c) a marked increase in the plasma angiotensinogen concentration; (d) a
      significant reduction in plasma angiotensin I; and (e) a significant increase in
      plasma angiotensin II. In a separate group of adult male rabbits, 3 days of
      caloric deprivation significantly increased the amount of converting enzyme in
      pulmonary parenchymal tissue. These findings correlate with the previously
      reported enhancement of mineralocortical hormone secretion and limiting effect of
      the latter on the natriuresis of caloric withdrawal. Since the increased
      mineralocortical hormone secretion does not prevent the natriuresis, the
      possibility that these striking changes in the components of the renin
      angiotensin system during caloric deprivation may exert intrarenal effects is
      discussed.

PMID- 171681
TI  - Fluorescent virus precipitin test.
AB  - A fluorescent virus precipitin test (FVPT) for the serologic identification of
      small particulate antigens such as viruses has been described. The test has
      several advantageous characteristics: (a) It is probably as sensitive as any
      serologic test (i.e., aggregates with dimensions of 0.2 mum are detectable;
      therefore, complexes containing as few as three large viruses would give a
      positive test). (b) Cultivation of the virus is not required. (c) Since an
      indirect test can be used, only a single fluorescent conjugate is needed to
      permit the detection of a number of viruses. (d) The indirect test can be used to
      detect antiviral antibody. (e) The FVPT is rapid and reliable. (f) Its simplicity
      should enhance its general acceptance and application.

PMID- 171682
TI  - Adenosine, AMP, cyclic AMP, theophylline and the action and production of
      erythropoietin.
AB  - Erythropoiesis, as measured by the uptake of 59Fe into plethoric mice, is
      stimulated by adenosine, AMP, cyclic AMP, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, but not by
      cytidine, its nucleotides or cyclic GMP. This stimulation is erythropoietin
      dependent, because it is prevented by anti-erythropoietin. Theophylline neither
      stimulates erythropoiesis nor potentiates the action of erythropoietin on bone
      marrow cells in plethoric mice. Theophylline does potentiate the production of
      erythropoietin in rats following a frief hypoxic exposure but does not cause a
      similar increase in mice.

PMID- 171683
TI  - Absence of idoxuridine and persistence of herpes simplex virus in brains of
      patients being treated for encephalitis.
AB  - Thirty-two specimens of brain from five patients with encephalitis suspected to
      be caused by herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) were assayed for antiviral
      activity. Each patient received 60-80 mg/kg/day of idoxuridine (IDU) by
      intravenous infusion. The antiviral assay does not measure anti-HSV-1 antibodies.
      Biopsies of brain in every patient taken before IDU was used, and portions of
      several regions of the brain at autopsy were available during courses of
      treatment in four of the five patients. The last patient died 7 days after
      completing treatment. A significant concentration of IDU (833 mug/ml) was
      measured transiently in the cerebrospinal fluid of one patient. Meninges and
      brains showed inflammatory changes. Within the sensitivity of the test (larger
      than or equal to 6 mug/g) all specimens contained no IDU. As given, IDU does not
      achieve therapeutic concentrations in human brain. Further clinical use of IDU in
      therapy of herpes simplex virus encephalitis is not indicated.

PMID- 171684
TI  - Evidence against phosphorylation of a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from
      bovine tracheobronchial smooth muscle.
AB  - The data presented in this report are evidence against the autophosphorylation of
      the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isolated from bovine tracheobronchial
      smooth muscle. This suggests that there may be a fundamental difference in the
      regulation in vivo of the protein kinases from bovine heart and tracheobronchial
      smooth muscle.

PMID- 171685
TI  - Effects of ovariectomy and estradiol injections on food intake and body weight in
      rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions.
AB  - Female rats with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) were
      ovariectomized during the static obese stage after body weight levels had
      stabilized. Following ovariectomy, rats with VMH lesions showed smaller increases
      in food intake and less body weight gain than non-lesioned controls
      ovariectomized at the same time. Subsequently, the effects of peripheral
      injections of estradiol benzoate (EB) on feeding and body weight were examined.
      Ovariectomized rats with VHM lesions were also less responsive to exogenous EB
      treatment; they lost significantly less weight in response to estrogen than
      controls. EB caused a somewhat smaller reduction in food intake by the VMH group
      but this difference was not significant. Considered together the available data
      on changes in responsiveness to endogenous and exogenous estrogen following VMH
      lesions suggest a role for VMH estrogen receptors in the regulation of body
      weight, but these estrogen receptors may not modulate weight by directly altering
      food intake as previously suggested.

PMID- 171686
TI  - In vivo electron spin resonance in rats.
AB  - In vivo ESR studies have been made on Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats using
      travelling wave helices implanted in the left lobe of the liver. Tissue
      regenerates completely around the Teflon-enclosed turns of the coil and
      histological studies have shown that it is composed of liver cells and connective
      tissue. Electron spin resonance studies of this tissue in vitro reported by
      Commoner and Ternberg in 1961 have demonstrated that it exhibits the 'tissue
      radical' signal. The implanted coils have detected, in vivo, a three-line
      spectrum due to a strong concentration of 4-hydroxy- 2,2,6,6
      tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl free radical ('tempol'), a nitroxide spin label,
      injected either intramuscularly, intraperitoneally or intravenously into the
      experimental animal immediately prior to the measurement. They have also
      detected, in vivo, a similar three-line spectrum due to 'spin-labelled
      chlorpromazine', a tranquillizing drug to which this nitroxide spin label has
      been attached, injected intramuscularly or intraperitoneally into the animal
      immediately prior o the measurement. Work is currently in progress to increase
      the in vivo sensitivity of the implanted helices by menas of improved coupling
      techniques and the use of a time-averaging computer.

PMID- 171687
TI  - Photofragmentation of alpha-oxocarboxylic acids in aqueous solution. An EPR
      study. Formation of semidione radicals by decarboxylative substitution of alpha
      oxocarboxylic acids by acyl radicals. I. Glyoxylic, pyruvic, alpha-oxobutyric,
      alpha-oxoglutaric and alpha-oxoisocaproic acids.

PMID- 171688
TI  - Correlation between in vivo and in vitro metabolic measurements. Maximum capacity
      for urea synthesis.
AB  - Estimations of enzyme activity in vivo have been or can often only be done at
      unphysiological conditions. A main biochemical goal is to correlate in vivo and
      in vitro measurements. A possible approach to this problem is presented based on
      forcing metabolic activity in vivo to the maximum for a certain metabolic
      sequence. Since the urea synthesis system, including maximal rates of enzyme
      activities, is well known, we have compared in vitro maximum rates for the
      individual enzymes of urea synthesis with in vivo rates as judged by urea levels
      in blood of rats given large amounts of protein. The excellent agreement found
      between the calculated maximum activities from in vitro measurements to the time
      needed to metabolize a protein overload is presented and comments made on its
      significance and on the importance of maintaining protein intake at moderate
      levels, for the capacity of the urea system is limited. Since the intake of large
      quantities of protein increases the urea level in blood and in other tissues and
      since high urea levels are somewhat deleterious "per se" and particularly due to
      equilibrium with cyanate, ingestion of excessive amounts of protein is at best
      expensive and possibly hazardous.

PMID- 171690
TI  - Characterization of nuclear and chromatin poly A-containing RNA.
AB  - Poly A-containing RNA was isolated from Novikoff hepatoma cell chromatin on
      nitrocellulose membrane filters after the cells were labeled with 32P
      orthophosphate for 6 hours. Under denaturing conditions, the poly A-containing
      chromatin RNA had a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 8-18S. The
      presence of poly A tracts in the chromatin RNA fractions indicate that poly A
      addition occurs almost immediately after transcription. Poly A-containing
      chromatin RNA and nuclear RNA were approximately 1/5 as active as cytoplasmic
      poly A-containing RNA in the wheat germ translational system. Since chromatin
      poly A-containing RNA is the precursor of cytoplasmic poly A-containing RNA,
      further processing of this RNA prior to its attachment to polysomes may account
      for its increase in translational capacity.

PMID- 171689
TI  - NMR in cancer. VII. Sodium-23 magnetic resonance of normal and cancerous tissues.
AB  - Sodium-23 magnetic resonance was performed on four types of cancers and six types
      of normal tissues of rats and mice. The spin-lattice relaxation time of the
      tumors was generally longer than that of the normal tissues, with the most marked
      difference occurring between rat liver (T1 = 6.5 msec) and Novikoff hepatoma (T1
      =23.7 msec). Estimation of tissue sodium from the signal intensity of the
      resonance indicated that all four types of tumors contained more sodium than any
      of the normal tissues.

PMID- 171691
TI  - Stimulus-response coupling in neurohypophysial peptide target cells.
AB  - Recent data on the effects of neurohypophysial peptides at the cellular level are
      discussed with respect to the two basic processes involved in peptide hormone
      action--i.e., specific recognition of the information contained in the hormonal
      molecule and the transformation of this information into a stimulus leading to
      the final biological response. Four main aspects of this general problem are
      considered. A. Hormone-Receptor Interaction: Recent contributions in this field
      concern partial analysis of the three-dimensional conformation of oxytocin and
      vasopressin moleculal cells of the mammalian kidney. Conformational analysis of
      oxytocin and vasopressin molecules leads to the conclusion that, in solution,
      these peptides probably have a compact and highly stabilized three-dimensional
      configuration. Models have been proposed that provide a valuable clue to the
      interpretation of structure-activity relationships among natural hormones and
      many structural analogues. Binding studies with tritiated oxytocin and
      vasopressin have permitted determination of the kinetic parameters of hormone
      receptor interaction in amphibian epithelial cells and mammalian kidney. B.
      Stimulus Generation: The nature of the primary stimulus generated by hormone
      receptor interaction is still unknown. In the epithelial target cells of the
      amphibian skin and bladder and of the mammalian kidney, one of the first
      consequences of hormone-receptor interaction is the activation of membrane-bound
      adenylate cyclase. Analysis of the correlations between hormonal binding and
      adenylate cyclase activation suggests that activation is a function of receptor
      occupation rather than of the number of hormonal molecules interacting with the
      receptor per unit of time. On medullary adenylate cyclase of pig kidney, the
      relation between receptor occupancy and enzyme activation was found to be complex
      and nonlinear. The effects of several agents (calcium, nucleotides) on receptor
      occupancy and adenylate cyclase activation have been described. In mammalian
      uterus and other smooth muscle target cells, there is no evidence for direct
      involvement of cyclic AMP in the contractile response to oxytocin and other
      neurohypophysial peptides.

PMID- 171693
TI  - The two-transient (masking) paradigm.

PMID- 171692
TI  - Obliquely striated muscle.

PMID- 171694
TI  - Electroencephalographic studies on the development of tolerance and cross
      tolerance to mescaline in the rat.
AB  - Recordings of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and the electromyogram (EMG) were
      collected continuously from rats equipped with permanent cortical and temporalis
      muscle electrodes. Automatic injections of mescaline were administered through
      indwelling i.p. cannulas at an initial dose of 30 mg/kg every 6 hrs for the first
      2 days. This dose was then increased to 60 mg/kg 6 hr which was given for the
      duration of the study. The initial injections of the mescaline induced an
      immediate desynchronization of the EEG and behavioral arousal of the rat, which
      endured for 2-3 hrs. After this time, slow wave (SW) sleep and rapid eye movement
      (REM) sleep episodes reappeared, with the return of regular alternations of the
      sleep-wakefulness cycle. Upon continued administration of the drug, partial
      tolerance to the arousal effects of mescaline developed, which was reflected by a
      gradual reduction in the latencies to onset of SW sleep and REM sleep. Rats
      rendered tolerant to mescaline in this manner were found to be cross tolerant to
      lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and N,N-diethyl-tryptamine (DET). In contrast,
      cross tolerance did not occur to amphetamine, which exerts similar arousal and
      EEG desynchronizing effects. These results agree with physiological and
      behavioral studies of tolerance and cross tolerance among hallucinogens and
      support the usefulness of the EEG as a quantitative indicator of central nervous
      system function.

PMID- 171695
TI  - Effects of promethazine on nocturnal sleep in normal man.
AB  - The effects of a phenothiazine, on sleep in ten healthy volunteers were
      investigated in two double blind polygraphic studies. The first part consisted of
      a single dose study with promethazine 50, 100, and 200 mg, using pentobarbital
      100 mg as a reference substance. In the second part, four subjects spent 20
      consecutive nights with nine drug nights (promethazine 100 mg), followed by a
      placebo withdrawal period of six nights, in the sleep laboratory. Promethazine
      showed a dose related REM-depressing effect with a greater decrease, the higher
      the dose. The placebo value was 20.7% REM of total sleep time and gave 16.3, 13.5
      and 11.4 respectively, for promethazine 50, 100 and 200 mg. Pentobarbital gave
      16.2% REM. There was also an increase of stage II and with the highest dose an
      increase of stage III + IV. An increase of REM-latency together with a decrease
      of REM-periods was also seen, and while pentobarbital gave a decrease in REM
      density, promethazine did not cause any changes in the phasic REM-component. A
      REM-rebound was seen in the first night of withdrawal with an increase of per
      cent REM from 19.9%-25.1%. The mean for the whole withdrawal period was 23.1%.
      Promethazine in the highest dose, 200 mg, gave drowsiness and hangover effects in
      14 nights out of 20. The REM-depressing effect of promethazine together with its
      relatively weak REM-rebound effect may explain its value in the treatment of
      withdrawal symptoms following abuse of alcohol and barbiturates.

PMID- 171696
TI  - Effects of REM time on what is recalled.

PMID- 171697
TI  - Habituation during sleeping and waking.

PMID- 171698
TI  - Eye movements and visually active dreams.

PMID- 171699
TI  - Habituation of the orienting response in sleep.

PMID- 171700
TI  - Effect of sleep stage and stimulus intensity on auditory average evoked
      responses.

PMID- 171701
TI  - The application of fluorescent probes in membrane studies.

PMID- 171702
TI  - [Reaction of free radicals in gamma-irradiated DNA in the presence of oxygen].

PMID- 171704
TI  - ["Late" activation of the functions of the hypophyseal-adrenal system after
      irradiation].

PMID- 171703
TI  - [Radiothermoluminescence and the nature of the intermediate activity of particles
      in gamma-irradiated nucleoproteins].

PMID- 171705
TI  - [Relationship between biologic and immunologic activities of peptide hormones
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 171706
TI  - [Physiological role of insulin as revealed by the response of rats to anti
      insulin serum (author's transl)].

PMID- 171707
TI  - [Value of some tests of elimination of substances introduced into the maxillary
      sinuses].

PMID- 171709
TI  - Fluorometric and myothermic studies of cardiac energetics.
AB  - Energy production during isometric and isotonic contractions of cardiac muscle
      has been studied using the isolated papillary muscle of the rabbit at room
      temperature. Muscles were mounted on thermopiles to record heat production
      associated with small numbers of contractions and then were mounted in an organ
      bath for fluorometric recording of the level of reduction of mitochondrial NAD.
      After each twitch there was a decrease in the level of fluorescence followed by
      an exponential return to the resting level, or further decreases after subsequent
      twitches. The fluorescence-time integral (integral delta Fl-dt), or area enclosed
      by a fluorometric transient during and after a series of twitches, was found to
      vary in magnitude in a manner similar to the magnitude of the total heat
      production when the mechanical conditions of contraction were altered by varying
      the load. The influence of the metabolic state of the muscle was also studied by
      using either glucose or sodium pyruvate as the exogenous substrates in the
      bathing medium. When pyruvate was substituted for glucose, maximum external work,
      maximum isometric force, and maximum mechanical efficiency were all increased.
      The kinetics of oxidative recovery metabolism, either measured fluorometrically
      or derived from the heat production, was accelerated when pyruvate replaced
      glucose.

PMID- 171708
TI  - [Histoenzymological changes in buccal mucosa exposed to the action of prosthetic
      devices].

PMID- 171710
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, the myocardial cell membrane, and calcium.
AB  - Catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase,
      adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase, kinase
      substrate, and phosphoprotein phosphatase have variously been reported to be
      present in preparations of myocardial cellular membranes that function in the
      movement of Ca2+ in and out of the cell and in intracellular Ca2+ translocations,
      indicating that these membranees possess the equipment for the formation and
      destruction of cyclic Amp as well as for the initiation, effectuation, and
      termination of a possible membrane action of the nucleotide. It has also been
      observed that phosphorylation of seryl residues of protein in sarcolemma- and
      sarcotubule-rich myocardial subcellular fractions by cyclic AMP activated
      intrinsic and extrinsic protein kinases confers upon these membran structures an
      enhanced ability to bind or take up Ca2+ and that dibutyryl cyclic AMP, like
      adrenaline, produces in intact cardiac muscle simultaneous increases in
      contractile force and in the uptake of extracellular Ca2+. These findings are
      suggestive of a second messenger role of cyclic AMP in the beta-adrenoreceptor
      mediated actions of catecholamines on myocardial contractile force and
      relaxation, in which Ca2+ would serve as a third messenger and be subject,
      respectively, to more effective removal from its binding sites on troponin. An
      alternative interpretation regards Ca2+ and cyclic AMP as interdependent twin
      second messengers in the catecholamine-induced inotropism. Since the
      physiological meaning of the reported effects of cyclic AMP on isolated
      myocardial membrane preparations is far from established an instances of a
      dissociation between the effects of catecholamines on myocardial contractile
      force and cyclic AMP levels have been observed, there is still room for
      hypotheses that relegate cyclic AMP to a nonobligatory, at most, supportive role
      in the action of the catecholamines on cardiac contraction.

PMID- 171711
TI  - The relationship between adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels and systolic
      transmembrane calcium flux.
AB  - The effects of inotropic agents on systolic transmembrane Ca++ flux were studied
      in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts depolarized with 22 mM K+. After
      depolarization, inotropic agents were added to the perfusion medium in an attempt
      to resotre excitability and contractions to the heart. Electrophysiological
      studies have shown that if excitability can be restored to the heart under these
      conditions, Ca++ carries the inward current of the action potential. Agents which
      putatively act by increasing intracellular levels of adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) (isoproterenol, histamine, theophylline, papaverine,
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP) and Ca++ were found to restore excitability and
      contractions to K+-depolarized hearts. Threshold concentration for restoration by
      isoproterenol was 2 nM, and the strength of contractions developed by the
      restored heart were directly related to the dose of catecholamine used. Ca++
      restoration was abolished by Ca++ antagonists (D 600, verapamil) but unaffected
      by beta blockade, whereas isoproterenol restoration was abolished by both.
      Ouabain, glucagon, and the divalent cation ionophore, A32187, failed to restore
      excitability to depolarized hearts. Correlative studies of tissue cyclic AMP
      levels were done. These data suggest that cyclic AMP can activate action
      potential-dependent Ca++ influx channels in myocardial cells.

PMID- 171712
TI  - Changes in the electroencephalogram and REM sleep time during morphine abstinence
      in pellet-implanted rats.
AB  - Rats were prepared with permanent electrodes for recording the
      electroencephalogram (EEG) and the electromyogram (EMG) and made morphine
      dependent by the subcutaneous implantation of morphine pellets. Abstinence was
      then precipitated by removal of the pellets 72 hours later. The evaluation of
      continuous EEG and EMG recordings revealed a maximal reduction in the amount of
      REM sleep and a decline in its EEG voltage output during the first day after
      pellet removal. Both the duration of REM sleep and its mean integrated EEG
      voltage returned to the baseline levels by the second day of abstinence. A
      significant but short-lived REM rebound subsequently followed and was accompanied
      by a trend toward elevation of the mean EEG voltage. These changes are
      reminiscent of similar findings in rats withdrawn from morphine administered
      intravenously (Khazan and Colasanti, 1971, 1972). The smaller magnitude of
      changes in rats treated with morphine pellets, however, may suggest a lower
      degree of drug dependence.

PMID- 171713
TI  - A new criterion for implicating Clostridium perfringens as the cause of food
      poisoning.

PMID- 171714
TI  - [Value of corticoid therapy in flexion spasms (infantile myoclonic encephalopathy
      with hypsarrhythmia)].

PMID- 171715
TI  - [Future of endocrinology].
AB  - With regards to the future of endocrinology, the author displays a spectrum
      formed by the following "hot" subjects: A) From a research point of view: 1)
      Membrane and cytosomal molecular receptors. 2) Prohormones, with regards to: a)
      paraneoplastic and tumoral syndromes; and b) "messenger" or transitory hormones.
      3) Metabolic clearings: a) Normal; b) in endocrine pathology and c) in pathology
      of transformation and elimination: liver and kidney. B) From a practical
      empirical point of view: 1) Tests of fetoplacental function. 2) Clinical
      perspectives of the use of hormonal factors and provoked endocrinological clinics
      (iatrogenic endocrinology). 3) Growth factors and somatostatine. 4) Thymus
      hormones. 5) Gastrointestinal hormones. 6) The renine-angiotensine-aldrosterone
      system, the problems of hypertension and preservation of the hydric compartments.
      Natriuretic hormones.

PMID- 171716
TI  - [Radiological aspects of pulmonary emphysema and hyperinflation].

PMID- 171717
TI  - [Current status of research on the etiology of sarcoidosis].

PMID- 171718
TI  - [Pneumological consultation practice in an anti-tuberculosis dispensary].
AB  - The authors present six years experience in connection with the diagnosis and the
      medical assistance of non-tuberculous broncho-pneumopathies in an anti
      tuberculous dispensary. The data presented include 3600 cases with various
      diseases of which acute pneumopathies represent 11%, chronic bronchitis 14%, and
      broncho-pulmonary suppurations 9%. It is estimated that such an office of
      pneumological consultations within an anti-tuberculous dispensary is efficient
      and can, in the majority of the cases, make a correct diagnosis and provide
      corresponding dispensarization. This is conditioned by the existence of a nucleus
      for radiological, bacteriological and functional investigation.

PMID- 171719
TI  - [Circumstances concerning the diagnosis of tuberculosis in a pneumology
      department].
AB  - The analysis of a group of 67 patients hospitalized for various
      bronchopneumopathies, in whom evidencing of the tuberculosis bacilli led to the
      diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis allows to emphasize the increased efficiency
      of bacteriological detection by repeated bacilloscopy and successive cultures.
      They also stress the necessity of increased attention for pneumopathies that
      develop over the age of 50 years. The frequency of errors, predominantly stemming
      from the base network (territorial polyclinics), most of the confusion being made
      with suppurative broncho-pneumopathies, makes necessary the dispensarization of
      this category of patients in antituberculous units. The 56 new cases and the 11
      cases in whom re-positivation was detected illustrate the possibilities of the
      bacteriological diagnosis and the contribution of a section of pneumology in the
      detection of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 171720
TI  - [Association of active pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary neoplasms].
AB  - Six cases are presented (out of a total of 11) with sputum positive pulmonary
      tuberculosis associated with bronchopulmonary carcinoma. The carcinoma developed
      during the evolution of 9 cases of active tuberculosis that had received a long
      discontinous treatment with tuberculostatic drugs. Only two of the 11 patients
      could be operated because the other 9 were hospitalized in the terminal stage of
      the disease, with invasive tumors. These had neither been suspected nor
      investigated for neoplasia. The use of all available means of investigation in
      the early stages of cancer can be of considerable help in the early detection of
      this disease and may allow for the application of surgical methods. Exploratory
      thoracotomy, together with extemporaneous histological investigation, are much
      more useful for the diagnosis than the expectative attitudes, which lead to
      theloss of the patient. Positive sputum should not eliminate the possibility of
      the association of tuberculosis with cancer.

PMID- 171721
TI  - [Renal complications after rifampicin].
AB  - Six observations are presented of patients receiving intermitent rifampicin
      treatment (900 mg twice weekly) that developed acute renal failure during
      treatment (4 cases) or when treatment was taken up again, after an interruption
      of 6 months (2 cases). Following anuria of 4--14 days and nitrogen retention
      between 248 and 521 mg, the evolution was favourable. Clinical, biological and
      immunological data (anti-rifampicin antibodies were detected in 1/8 and 1/16 in 3
      cases) suggest the immune origin of this type of renal accidents.

PMID- 171723
TI  - [Therapeutic failure after 66 episodes of hospitalization in a case of
      hyperchronic pulmonaary tuberculosis].

PMID- 171722
TI  - [2 cases of hemolytic complications during intermittent treatment with
      rifampicin].
AB  - Two cases are presented, of hemolytic jaundice, determined by rifampicin. The
      first occured in a woman in whom treatment was started again after an
      interruption of 6 months and the second in a man undergoing intermittent
      treatment that had been tolerated very well for 3 months. Following the extension
      of the application of rifampicin in intermittent treatment might occur more
      frequently. Posology apparently has a major role and some precautions are to be
      taken.

PMID- 171724
TI  - [Complications in tuberculosis chemotherapy].

PMID- 171725
TI  - [Agenesis of the right lung (apropos of a case)].

PMID- 171726
TI  - [Dr. Stefan Irimescu (100th anniversary of his birth)].

PMID- 171727
TI  - [Adenitis following BCG vaccination].
AB  - The authors present a study on 167 cases of post-vaccinal adenitis after B.C.G.
      administration. These occured after the experimental application in 1,187
      newborns of two vaccines produced by different laboratories. Manifest adenitis
      developed only after the application of the vaccine with a higher virulence and a
      significant concentration of live germs (A), while the vaccine with a low
      concentration of live germs only determined inflammatory adenitis (vaccine B). In
      the cases when vaccine A was applied, both after intra-dermal introduction of a
      0,10 mg dose or of a 0,05 mg dose, it determined adenitis with a long evolution
      and in 7,79 percent, respectively in 6,95 percent of the vaccinated children
      fistulization occured. In most of the cases adenitis developed in the first 6
      months following vaccination (86,77 percent) but in some cases it appeared even
      after 1-2 years. In 78,3 percent of the cases adenitis had a long course and in
      only 21,7 percent they regressed rapidly. Adenitis did not involve the general
      condition of the children but determined a concern of the parents. The duration
      of evolution of adenitis was, as a general rule, of several months, or 1-2 years
      and even longer and the treatment with tuberculostatics (INH) did not
      significantly alter their evolution. When there was a tendency to the formation
      of abscesses, especially in the case of gigantic adenitis, a reduction of the
      duration of the evolution was obtained by puncture, and especially by lymph-node
      curettage. The intensity of the post-vaccinal allergy is noted in cases
      complicated by adenitis (100 percent), as well as its long persistance, while in
      non-complicated cases the allergy diminished each year both in intensity and
      frequency. The authors recommend that before the mass use of a vaccine this
      should be tested, especially in young children, in view of making the correct
      choice of the efficient dose, with a maximal efficiency and the lowest number of
      complications.

PMID- 171728
TI  - [Comparative study of spirographic values and scintigraphic aspects in patients
      with bronchopulmonary diseases].
AB  - A correlation was made of routine spyrographic data with the scintigraphic
      aspects of the lungs in 146, respectively 100 patients with bronchopulmonary
      diseases. The following conclusions can be inferred: 1) normal spirographic
      values do not necessarily reflect an integrity of the respiratory function.
      Besides these values pulmonary perfusion can be severily altered; 2) the more
      deteriorated the spirographic values the more probable will be the alteration of
      the pulmonary perfusion; 3) in the evaluation of the respiratory function one
      cannot base on the routine spirographic data if these are within normal limits,
      especially before pulmonary surgery is performed, or before the patients are
      resuming active life; according to possibilities, the scintigraphic investigation
      is to be performed.

PMID- 171729
TI  - [Incidence of chemical diabetes in non-specific bronchopneumopathies].
AB  - In the present conditions of industrial development and of urbanization
      encountered in our country clinico-statistical observations show that the risk of
      disease can be doubled by the increased incidence of diabetes and of
      bronchopneumopathies with common germs. The much higher incidence of the
      metabolic disturbance in the asymptomatic, as well as in the clinically manifest
      stages of bronchopulmonary suppurative diseases, as compared with tuberculosis
      demonstrate the more severe evolution, as well as the medico-social implications
      that tend to overtake, from the viewpoint of the severity, those known in
      pulmonary tuberculosis, which shows a continuous decline. The early detection of
      both diseases, which may prevent their association, complications or reciprocal
      aggravation, represent an imperative task.

PMID- 171730
TI  - [Hyperchronic bronchopulmonary suppurations (clinical study of 100 cases)].
AB  - Following an analysis of the clinical observations files the authors present a
      series of aspects and clinical data, as well as functional results in connection
      with the evolution in out-bursts of 100 cases with bronchopulmonary suppurations
      dating for more than 10 years. These anatomo-clinical entities, developed either
      in healthy or on pre-existing lesions, of polymorphous aspect and frequently
      invalidating, with evident tendencies to relapses, determining considerable
      difficulties in the application of therapeutical measures, make necessary the
      dispensarization of patients and this must be organized in the frame of the
      network for pneumophthysiology, in view of providing the high quality assistance
      that is necessary in such cases.

PMID- 171731
TI  - [Primary bronchopulmonary neoplasms in young adults].

PMID- 171732
TI  - [Dr. Stefan Dumitru (1919-1974)].

PMID- 171733
TI  - [Tuberculosis prevention in the Socialist Republic of Rumania. Present tasks and
      perspectives].

PMID- 171734
TI  - [Pulmonary berylliosis].

PMID- 171736
TI  - [Some epidemiological indicators in bronchopulmonary cancer in Sector 5 of
      Bucharest (study of 525 cases)].
AB  - The incidence was studied of broncho-pulmonary carcinoma, as well as of other
      epidemiological indicators in the 5th district of Bucharest over a period of 14
      years (1960-1973) during which a total of 525 cases have occured. The incidence
      in this territory tends to become real from 1967 when the curve overtook the
      death-rate in the country. Following a continuous increase the number of cases
      reached 29 0/0000 in 1973 and it is presumed that it will attain 40 0/0000 in
      1980. The increase in the morbidity is due to a higher number of cases noted in
      the extreme age groups (the increase was 2,5-fold in those under 40 years of
      age); the age group which was the most seriously involved was that between 60 and
      69 years, in which the morbidity was of 111 0/0000. The proportion of women has
      also increased, from 1/6-th to 1/5-th of the total number of cases. In women the
      frequency of adenocarcinoma and of non-differentiated neoplasies is somewhat
      higher than in men. The proportion of histopathological confirmation of the
      disease diminished in the last years probably due to the higher number of aged
      subjects that cannot be correctly investigated or surgically treated.

PMID- 171735
TI  - [Model of eradication of tuberculosis in children in an area with high
      epidemiological potential].
AB  - In the territory of the Drajna TB dispensary, in the Prahova County, a series of
      complex measures have been experimented in the course of the second trimester of
      1972, intending to prevent and to eliminate tuberculosis in children. Of the
      31,731 children aged between 1 and 14 years, 29,496 have been tested with 2 units
      of PPD-IC65 (93 percent). A proportion of 12,6 percent of those tested presented
      reactions of more than 10 mm in diameter and 22,779 were vaccinated with BCG
      (Pasteur-Paris strain). The radiological pulmonary control of the reactors
      allowed for the detection of 24 cases of tuberculosis all of them new and
      asymptomatic. The efficiency of the detection was of 0,8 new cases per 1,000
      tuberculin tested children or of 0,4 new cases per 100 of reactors that had been
      x-ray examined. This prophylactic action was repeated in 1973 in 2,219 children
      aged between 1 and 2-1/2 years that had been ommited in the preceding year and 4
      new cases of tuberculosis were detected. In the medical districts in which there
      was a high prevalence of the children infection total radiophotographic case
      finding of the adult population was carried out. The result was a doubling of the
      TB incidence in children in 1972 followed by a 5-fold reduction of the indicators
      in 1973. The severe forms and death through tuberculosis in children have
      disappeared. The risk to develop the disease in BCG vaccinated children was
      reduced to 4,4 0/0000 per year. It is estimated that a generalization over the
      whole of the county of these prophylactic measures, as applied in the Drajna
      territory, under the form of a mass campaign, will allow for an improvement of
      the epidemiometric indicators in children in a relatively short time.

PMID- 171737
TI  - [Radiophotographic and simultaneous bacteriological detection in an industrial
      group].
AB  - After carrying out a complex investigation of the workers of a confections
      factory the authors detected 2 new cases of tuberculosis (0,5 0/00), with the aid
      of radiophotography and another 2 cases (3,4 per 1000 subjects examined) by
      bacteriological investigation of the subjects that coughed. These last 2 cases
      were detected between those that had a normal thoracic aspect on the
      radiophotographic film alone. The observation of the authors allows to conclude
      that a bacteriological investigation of the suspects following radiophotography
      is not sufficient and that this type of investigation should be extended to
      certain groups of the population that show broncho-pulmonary symptoms. The
      association of the two methods, in well-defined technical and organisational
      conditions will allow for a significant increase of the efficiency of systematic
      examinations for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 171738
TI  - [Current average values of some blood parameters in untreated pulmonary
      tuberculosis in adults].

PMID- 171739
TI  - [Crisis concerning radiophotography as a method of detection of tuberculosis
      throughout the world and in our country (report)].

PMID- 171740
TI  - [Current results and objectives of radiophotography in the Socialist Republic of
      Rumania (joint report)].

PMID- 171741
TI  - [Contribution of medical radiophotography in the detection of tuberculosis (joint
      report)].

PMID- 171742
TI  - [Use and evaluation of radiophotography in the ambulatory care of lung diseases].
AB  - In the methodological cabinet for pneumology of the Institute of Phtysiology,
      radiophotography was employed in the following fields: a) screening of acute and
      chronic pneumopathies as appears from : the increase in the number of cases of
      non-specific pneumopathies as compared with cases of tuberculosis and the
      quantitative contribution of the method reflected in the fact that over 80% of
      the cases with non-specific pneumopathies were detected by radiophotography; b)
      diagnosis -- by comparing with the data recorded in the files, multiple
      incidences (front, posterior lordosis, profile); locally pointed (targeted)
      photographs, rf quantified functional tests in cases suspected of C.O.B.P.: c)
      follow-up of the evolution of dispensary cases and of the therapeutical effect;
      d) scientific research and teaching activities through epidemiological and
      pathogenesis studies, thus allowing for a valorification of the files over a 16
      years period. The use of the radiophotographic method in the activity of a
      cabinet of pneumology is necessary especially because it allows for an early
      detection, a superior morphological diagnosis, as compared with radioscopy
      (fluoroscopy), for an objective and economical follow-up of the cases, providing
      at the same time material for scientific research and teaching demonstrations.

PMID- 171743
TI  - [Organizational aspects and effectiveness of integral radiophotographic detection
      in a pilot area with an industrial profile].
AB  - Organizatoric and efficiency aspects are presented of five integral detections
      (the fifth presently in the final stage), carried out over a period of 14 years
      (1960--1973) in the territory of the anti-tuberculous dispensary of Turda. In the
      course of the four radiophotographic detections that have already been finally
      processed approximately 400.000 subjects have been examined. Mobilization was, in
      most of the cases, higher than 95% and the proportion of suspects was of 2--3.5%.
      The complex investigation of the suspects was higher than 95%. The index of
      detection of tuberculosis decreased severalfold (0.63% in the first
      investigation, 0.07% in the 4-th) when integral detections were repeated.

PMID- 171745
TI  - [Radiophotographic detection in evaluation of the incidence of tuberculosis].
AB  - In a territory with a population of over 120,000 inhabitants, of which 86% in
      rural environment, with a high tuberculosis endemic rate, four integral
      detections were organized in 12 districts and three in the other 12 base units of
      the area between 1969 and 1973. In most of the districts the incidences varied,
      in the years when integral detections were carried out the index being the double
      and in some cases 4-5 times higher, than in the years when this investigation was
      not performed. If annual incidences are computed for the entire area, excluding
      the cases detected by radiophotography the morbidity indexes appear by 50% lower.
      If for the whole territory anual incidences are calculated, excluding the cases
      that have been detected by radiophotography, morbidity indexes appear to be by
      50% lower. From the viewpoint of the forms of disease radiophotographic detection
      brings to the dispensary two-thirds of the oligo- and asymptomatic cases.
      Subjects eliminating Koch bacilli, representing 44% of the patients that had been
      betected in a "passive" way, totalized 19% of the cases detected by
      radiophotography. The cost of detecting a new case was of 2210 lei and the costs
      for integral detections, related to the population of the area, represented less
      than one lei per inhabitant.

PMID- 171744
TI  - [Comparative results of total detections and detection in a group of patients
      with high risk for tuberculosis in an urban environment].
AB  - In the territory of 5 anti-TBC dispensaries in the area of Bucharest 2
      circumscriptions have been selected at random in which radiophotographic
      detection was to be carried out integrally and 2 other circumscriptions were
      selected for the investigation of groups at high risk of developing tuberculosis.
      All the new cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis that have been recorded,
      through all the methods in these 20 circumscriptions in 1973 were analized
      retrospectively and the reasons appeared that had determined their existence was
      mentioned or was ommitted on the occasion of previous investigations. These
      reasons were correlated with the data concerning the method for detection that
      had been employed, according to the indications of the tuberculosis dispensaries.
      In view of the evaluation of the degree of real covering of the population in
      integral rf investigations, the team of the Institute of Phtysiology investigated
      representative lots of population from each dispensary and checked the catagraphy
      of the population in the field, house-by-house. It was noted that 20--21% of the
      subjects that had been programmed for the integral rf examination (according to
      catagraphic criteria) were absent when the checking in the field, that should
      have been programmed, were not included in the catagraphy. On the basis of this
      study the methodology for radiophotographic detection for groups with risk of
      developing tuberculosis was established.

PMID- 171746
TI  - [Long-term study of the effect of successive surveys on tuberculosis endemia].
AB  - A whole rural population of 16359 subjects was followed for a period of 24 years.
      This period of 24 years is well divided from the viewpoint of the succesive
      systematic detection three intervals being selected, as follows: a) the stage of
      usual anti-tuberculous assistance; b) the stage of scientific experimentation
      consisting in 3 radiophotographic detections repeated every two years and the
      annual control of groups with high risk, between 1960--1965, completed by
      integral biological detection in children (every year) and bacteriological
      controls. The population controls were followed by the diagnosis; c) the stage of
      discontinuing the experiment when current antituberculous assistance was resumed,
      between 1966 and 1974. All cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, that have been
      recorded through all the methods of investigation over a period of 24 years in
      all these localities are correlated, on the one hand to one another, and on the
      other hand with objective documents obtained during the period of intensive
      control of the population over the 6-years interval. Thus the limits appear more
      correctly, within which this natural history of the disease can be detected
      through various types of population control, as well as some practical
      consequences for the improvement of the technique and of the control methodology
      in the future.

PMID- 171747
TI  - [20 years of experience in the use of radiophotography in the prevention of
      tuberculosis].
AB  - Based on a 20 years experience in the application of the pulmonary radiological
      control relying on radiophotography, the authors reached the following
      conclusions: -- 40% of subjects considered as suspect following radiophotography
      were confirmed to have pathological thoracic changes of which 8.5% with acitve
      pulmonary tuberculosis; in 1954 60% new cases were detected with 73% early forms
      of the disease and in 1973, 85% of new cases with 90% early forms of the disease;
      the effects of annual integral radiophotographic defection, correlated with other
      forms of anti-tuberculous fight, can be expressed in the following morbidity data
      : in 1954 -- 1.400.000 ; in 1956 -- 870.000 ; in 1957 -- 300.000 ; in 1962 --
      170.000 ; in 1963 -- 80.000 ; in 1966 -- 50.000. This last figure was maintained
      until 1969, two small increases being noted in the following two years (1970 and
      1971). In the last year (1973) the figure was 40.000.

PMID- 171748
TI  - [Contribution of radiophotography in the knowledge and control of tuberculosis
      endemia in the area of an anti-tubercular dispensary].
AB  - After three integral detections the index of detection of active cases fell from
      3.360/00 -- at the first one -- to 0.500/00 -- at the third, while the dynamics
      of the incidence of tuberculosis decreased in the same period from 130,950/0000
      to 53.950/0000. Radiophotography brought to the anti-tuberculous dispensary
      86.130/0 of the cases with pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 171749
TI  - [3 successive radiophotographic surveys in a rural territory].
AB  - Three detections, carried out over a period of two years gave the following
      results: a high rate was obtained in the first one while the following two gave
      lower rates, in parallel with a decrease of the overall incidence through
      pulmonary tuberculosis from 326.70/0000 in 1968 to 1440/0000 in 1973. The cases
      were recently detected, during the last two investigations, which allowed for a
      wider application of the ambulatory treatment, a fact that compensated from the
      financial view point the cost of radiophotographic investigations. The authors
      suggest the maintenance of integral detection, with the same periodicity in the
      rural environment.

PMID- 171750
TI  - [Pulmonary tuberculosis discovered by methods other than radiophotography].
AB  - The retrospective analysis of the investigations carried out between 1969 and
      1973 showed that for a total of 323 new cases of tuberculosis of the lungs
      recorded over this period of five years, 279 (86.37%) had been detected through
      radiophotography, while the remaining 13.63% were detected by other methods. Of
      these 67.74% were primary infection cases of tuberculosis and 32.53% were
      secondary tuberculosis. None of the newly discovered adults had been examined by
      radiophotography before (their absences were either motivated or not). Thus the
      cases discovered between the detections do not represent a failure of the
      radiophotographic method.

PMID- 171751
TI  - [Is asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis ever detected by radiophotography?].
AB  - Following several organized detection campaigns it was demonstrated that these
      did not provide valid results even when these were organized as integral
      detections or for groups at risk. The authors maintain that the only group in
      which a satisfactory result can be obtained is represented by the subjects
      showing symptoms evoking pulmonary tuberculosis. These are known and can be sent
      to investigation by the district physician. It is recommended that the
      radiophotographic equipments should be assimilated to radiological apparatuses,
      but with better accesibility which the physicians should be able to apply without
      difficulty in the cases with major or minor symptoms suggesting specifical
      pulmonary disease.

PMID- 171752
TI  - [Some tactical trends in radiophotographic detection].
AB  - The efficiency of organized detections in an area with low phtysiogenic potential
      fell progressively over the last five years while the efficiency of spontaneous
      detections rose significantly in patients with apparently non-specific
      respiratory symptoms. In the districts with low incidence radiophotographic
      actions were not very frequent and the covering of the whole population was
      rather low. In contrast good results were obtained in the general network in
      connection with subjects with respiratory symptoms. For the districts with high
      endemics integral detection is recommended.

PMID- 171753
TI  - [Combination of radiophotographic and tuberculin detection in groups of young
      people].
AB  - Tuberculin pre-testing between 1971 and 1973 in profesional schools, as well as
      in high schools from Brasov, showed that by the radiophotographic examination of
      tuberculin reactors only, all the new cases of tuberculosis were detected, as
      well as those requiring surveillance and chemoprophylaxis. In this way over one
      half of the adolescents from professional schools and one quarter of those from
      high schools could be excepted from radiophotography, with the corresponding
      effects of radiation prevention and economic efficiency.

PMID- 171754
TI  - [Indices of detection in integral radiophotographic examinations in rural areas].
AB  - Integral radiophotographic detection was carried out in the territories of 5
      randomly selected village dispensaries in 5 different counties. The action was
      performed in strictly operational conditions, without external experimental
      interferences. Stress was laid on the strict following of the methodological
      letter concerning radiophotography. The performing of integral radiophotographic
      detection in strictly operational conditions in the rural environment
      demonstrated the utility of these examinations in the present stage. The output
      obtained can be considered as satisfactory; local variations can be noted and
      this indicates the possibility of differentiating the conduct in various
      geographical areas.

PMID- 171755
TI  - [Medical radiophotography in the activities of rural polyclinics].
AB  - The county polyclinic provides the radiophotographic control of a rural
      population of 122.741 inhabitants from the area surrounding the capital city of
      Bucharest. Of the total number of cases of pulmonary tuberculoses that have been
      recorded only 16,6% were detected in the fixed center and 61,8% by integral
      detections, carried out by the radiophotographic caravans. That is why the
      authors consider that this is not the right time to abandon integral detection.
      The fixed centers, by performing examinations in all those entering new jobs
      detect cases of tuberculosis belonging to other geographical areas. Thus, of 235
      cases detected over a period of 3 years, 67% belonged to other territories and
      only 33% were from the population normally covered by the center. This is the
      filter role played by fixed centers carrying out radiophotographic detection. As
      compared with the 235 cases of tuberculosis there were 399 cases of non
      tuberculous pulmonary diseases.

PMID- 171757
TI  - [Contribution of medical radiophotography in detection of non-tubercular
      intrathoracic diseases].
AB  - Concomittantly with the reduction of the tuberculous processes and with the
      transfer of the patients to pneumology sections radiophotographical detection of
      other pulmonary diseases has become more important. From the control of suspects
      the following data could be obtained: 8.5% cases of active tuberculosis, 21.46%
      cases with minimal lesions and with sequellae, 7,2% non-specific pneumopathies,
      1.10% cardiovascular patients, 0.23% pleuro-pulmonary tumours and 0.51% cases
      with other affections.

PMID- 171756
TI  - [Retrospective study of the value of radiophotographic examinations in the
      detection of pulmonary cancer].
AB  - Out of a total of 123 cases of centro-hilar pulmonary carcinoma and of 65 cases
      of carcinoma with peripheral localization changes on the previous
      radiophotographic images were found in 54% of the cases. The time necessary for
      doubling of the tumour size was of 22 months for the peripheral forms of cancer.
      The suspicion of pulmonary cancer was mentioned in the radiophotographic register
      two years before the diagnosis of the disease was made.

PMID- 171758
TI  - Lymphographic aspects of the barrier function of lymph nodes in Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - The persistence of Lipiodol in various lymph node groups was followed up by
      systematic lymphographic control. Assuming a certain relationship between the
      barrier function of the lymph nodes and the persistence of their image on the
      film the authors have tried to find out whether the duration of Lipiodol
      persistence may be a test for the estimation of prognosis in Hodgkin's disease.
      The observation of such cases has shown that Lipiodol is retained for a longer
      period in the external iliac and lombo-aortic lymph nodes as well as in the
      pathologic ones, except those with lymphocyte depletion, whereas it is very
      rapidly eliminated from the inguinal nodes. These findings seem to prove that
      Hodgkin's disease is more severe in patients in whom the barrier function of the
      lymph nodes is defective i.e. unable to retain the foreign substances introduced
      in the organism. These conclusions should be further verified by comparison with
      other clinical and biologic factors.

PMID- 171759
TI  - Multiple cerebral tumours of varying histologic origin.

PMID- 171760
TI  - [Application of the neutralization index comparison method to the intratyping
      identification of 1 E 3 types of poliovirus using Hep-2 cell cultures].

PMID- 171761
TI  - [Corticoid withdrawal, local corticotherapy and articular injections in
      rheumatology].

PMID- 171762
TI  - Studies on human serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL). IV. Isolation of
      lipoprotein families after incubation of HDL.
AB  - The high-density lipoproteins (HDL) of human serum appear to be unstable and
      easily exposed to chemical changes during isolation. In earlier studies we have
      isolated and purified HDL subfractions either in the presence of an SH-blocking
      agent, DTNB, or in the cold. By both procedures reproducible lipoprotein
      subfractions could be recovered by hydroxyl apatite column chromatography at the
      elution steps 0.03-0.05 mol/l (subfraction II) and 0.05-0.15 mol/l phosphate
      buffer (subfraction III). The protein moiety of both lipoprotein subfractions
      contained polypeptides A-I , A-II, thin line (TL), C-I and C-II, and the protein
      moiety of subfraction III contained also C-III. The incubation at 37 degrees C of
      these HDL subfractions gave reproducible daughter lipoprotein fractions that
      could be recovered by subsequent rechromatography on hydroxyl apatite. At each of
      the elution steps 0.05-0.075 mol/l and 0.075-0. mol/l one daughter fraction was
      recovered, the protein moiety of which was composed of polypeptide A-I, as judged
      by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and amino acid analysis.
      The incubation of parent subfractions II and III caused also the appearance at
      elution step 0.001-0.01 mol/l of a daughter lipoprotein fraction - lipoprotein A
      (Lp-A) - that was characterized by a protein moiety with polypeptides A-I and A
      II in equal amounts. The 'release' of lipoprotein A-I (Lp-A-I) and Lp-A was shown
      to be due rather to the incubation than to the column chromatography as such. The
      chemical changes occurring during the incubation of HDL suggested a degradation
      of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) and
      glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC). It is suggested that the degradation of PC might
      interfere with the interaction between the lipoprotein families composing HDL.

PMID- 171763
TI  - Editorial: Hormone receptor research: problems and promises.

PMID- 171764
TI  - Induction of forestomach, duodenal and liver tumors in Praomys (Mastomys)
      natalensis by oral or intragastric administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine.

PMID- 171765
TI  - Experimental study on drug sensitivity of the rat ascites hepatoma cells in
      embryonated eggs.

PMID- 171766
TI  - Comparative studies of effects of carbazilquinone and mitomycin C on DNA, RNA and
      protein synthesis of Yoshida sarcoma and Yoshida ascites hepatomas.

PMID- 171767
TI  - Organophosphorus and methyl carbamate insecticide teratogenesis: diminished NAD
      in chicken embryos.
AB  - Studies with 36 organophosphorus and 12 methyl carbamate compounds establish a
      correlation between reduction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels
      and severity of teratogenic signs in chicken embryos, a relation supported by
      reversal of these effects by nicotinamide derivatives. Diminished NAD occurring
      at organophosphorus and methyl carbamate concentrations as low as 0.6 to 2.0
      parts per million in the egg constitutes a newly recognized biochemical lesion
      induced by the two most important classes of insecticide chemicals.

PMID- 171768
TI  - In vitro demonstration of an endothelial proliferative factor produced by neural
      cell lines.
AB  - Cultured endothelial cells exhibit a six- to tenfold increase in thymidine
      labeling index in response to a soluble factor elaborated by clonal cell lines of
      neural origin. This factor, endothelial proliferation factor, appears to be a
      unique property of tumor cells and may mediate the vascularization of these
      neoplasms.

PMID- 171769
TI  - Production of globules in mouse L cells penetrated with hamster sperms.
AB  - Globule formation has been observed in long-term cultures of mouse L cells
      penetrated with hamster spermatozoa. These numerous, uniform, and spherical
      structures are approximately 10 micrometers in diameter when formed, and are
      positive to stains specific for proteins and nucleic acids. They may be produced
      either by sperms within their target cells or by the cells in response to
      penetration by the spermatozoa.

PMID- 171770
TI  - Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: pivotal role in regulation of enzyme
      induction and growth.
AB  - Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) produces
      phosphodiesterase induction, growth arrest, and cytolysis in S49 lymphoma cells.
      The striking parallelism between protein kinase activity that is dependent on
      cytosol cyclic AMP and cellular responses to dibutyryl cyclic AMP in wild-type
      cells and three classes of clones resistant to cyclic AMP indicates that protein
      kinase mediates cyclic AMP regulation of growth and enzyme induction in S49
      cells.

PMID- 171771
TI  - Collagen biosynthesis in blood vessels of brain and other tissues of the
      hypertensive rat.

PMID- 171772
TI  - Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate overproduction, a new metabolic abnormality in the
      Lesch Nyhan syndrome.
AB  - The activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase and the rate of
      phosphoribosylpyrophosphate accumulation are significantly increased in cultured
      lymphocytes of Lesch Nyhan patients deficient in hypoxanthine guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase and in a clone of mutagen-induced, hypoxanthine guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase deficient human lymphocytes. The increase in
      phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase activity is the cause of the abnormally
      high cellular phosphoribosylpyrophosphate content and possibly of the purine
      overproduction described in this syndrome.

PMID- 171773
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in reproducing and differentiated trypanosomes.
AB  - Trypanosoma lewisi, a blood protozoan of rats, undergoes differentiation from a
      rapidly reproducing form to a nonreproducing form in response to the host
      antibody ablastin. Intracellular concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP), which has been implicated in controlling reproduction in cultured
      mammalian cells, was measured in the two developmental forms of T. lewisi. The
      concentrations were significantly different, and the results support a hypothesis
      under which ablastin stimulates an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP.

PMID- 171774
TI  - Diagnostic value of serum creatine phosphokinase in motor neuron disease.
AB  - In ten cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, creatine phosphokinase was,
      without exception, elevated. In 12 cases of other diseases of the central or
      peripheral nervous system, values were elevated only in two cases of peripheral
      neuropathy.

PMID- 171775
TI  - Newer treatment in dermatology.
AB  - The future of a drug depends upon what it can do in the hands of the
      practitioner. Medicine is practiced on the basis of probabilities, and treatment
      must be selected which has the best chance of helping the patient, with the least
      amount of harm. There are many new drugs available for dermatologic therapy in
      other developed countries which are not available in this country, due to
      peculiarities of federal drug regulations.

PMID- 171777
TI  - Isolated partial deficiency of adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
AB  - A patient with tuberculous empyema who presented with severe hyponatraemia, is
      described. In the course of investigation, he was discovered to be suffering from
      isolated adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency.

PMID- 171776
TI  - Autoimmune thrombocytopenia and peripheral neuropathy heralding Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - A patient with an autoimmune thrombocytopenic syndrome was treated unsuccessfully
      with splenectomy. Treatment with corticosteroids and 6-mercaptopurine was
      partially successful, but the patient developed peripheral neuropathy and over
      signs of Hodgkin's disease. The latter reponded completely to radiation therapy,
      but the thrombocytopenia was not reversed until combination chemotherapy was
      given. The association of thrombocytopenia with Hodgkin's disease is reviewed.

PMID- 171778
TI  - D-Thyroxine in hyperbetalipoproteinaemia.
AB  - D-Thyroxine was administered intermittently to 11 patients with
      hyperlipoproteinaemia (Fredrickson type lla). To avoid possible untoward cardiac
      stimulation, practolol was prescribed with it. Cholesterol levels were measured
      regularly over a period of 4 years. A temporary drop of about 15% in the mean
      cholesterol level was obtained. It is, however, concluded that the over-all
      response is unimpressive.

PMID- 171779
TI  - Ultrastructural localisation of calcium in peripheral nerves of the rat.
AB  - An ultrastructural method which is specific for calcium was applied in a study of
      calcium distribution in the axoplasm of myelinated nerve fibres of rat sciatic
      nerves. Electron-dense deposits of calcium oxalate were seen in smooth-membraned
      vesicles within the axoplasm, and between the two external membranes of
      axoplasmic mitochondria. The significance of calcium localisation at these sites
      is discussed, with special reference to the role of calcium in fast axoplasmic
      transport.

PMID- 171780
TI  - Tinidazole for the treatment of amoebic liver abscess.
AB  - Ten patients suffering from amoebic liver abscess were treated with tinidazole
      (Fasigyn) 800 mg t.d.s. for 5 days. Nine were cured, and 1 patient required
      further treatment with other drugs. Following this, a double-blind trial was
      carried out to compare a group of patients treated with tinidazole with a similar
      group treated with metronidazole. Each series consisted of 14 patients. In the
      tinidazole series 13 patients were cured and for 1 patient the result of
      treatment was dubious. All patients in the metronidazole series were cured, but 1
      patient admitted to the trial had previously not been cured by metronidazole. It
      appears that tinidazole and metronidazole are equally efficaceous in the
      treatment of amoebic liver abscess.

PMID- 171781
TI  - Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency--an association with hepatic malignancy.
AB  - A 70-year-old man with homozygous alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) (Pi-ZZ
      phenotype) at tutopsy was found to have a hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic
      fibrosis, pulmonary emphysema, and cor pulmonale. Characteristic cytoplasmic
      inclusion bodies, with identical histochemical and ultrastructural features, were
      detected in both normal and malignant liver cells. It is suggested that AATD may
      precede malignancy, since this is the eleventh case report of this association.

PMID- 171782
TI  - Topical therapy of pressure ulcers.

PMID- 171783
TI  - Electrical stimulation of the brain. IV. Ultrastructural studies.
AB  - The ultrastructural response of tissues of the cat's central nervous system to
      chronic electrical stimulation with various parameters has been evaluated at four
      and a half days post stimulation. Cellular alterations included widespread
      cytoplasmic vacuolations, architectural derangement and disruption of plasmalemma
      and other membranes. Lipid inclusions and dense crystalline bodies were prominent
      in astrocyte-like phagocytic cells in the more severe lesions. Despite
      endothelial damage in brain parenchymal capillaries, significant extravasation of
      horseradish peroxidase was not observed. The ultrastructural damage observed
      following electrical stimulation varied from mild to severe. Although none of the
      parameters tested was found to be "safe" for clinical applications, it should be
      emphasized that the stimulations delivered in the present study were essentially
      continuous.

PMID- 171784
TI  - Cyclic adenosine monophosphate antagonism of prostaglandin induced vasospasm.
AB  - Prostaglandin F2alpha was applied topically to the transclivally exposed basilar
      artery of the cat. The resultant vasoconstriction and its reversal by dibutyryl
      cyclic adenosine monophosphate was recorded photographically and measured, and
      the results analyzed statistically. Arterial BP, pCO2' pO2 and pH were determined
      to insure that the vascular responses were not due to any general physiological
      disturbance. The results indicated that Prostaglandin F2alpha is a powerful
      vasoconstrictive substance and that its effects are readily reversible by
      dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

PMID- 171785
TI  - Identification and successful treatment of congenital microfistulas with the aid
      of directional Doppler.
AB  - Hitherto unidentifiable and therefore untreatable congenital microfistulas were
      detected with the aid of continuous-wave directional Doppler and a fine-beam
      pencil probe. The microfistulas formed part of the Klippel-Trenaunay (K-T)
      syndrome. The management of one case is reported in detail and in three others
      salient features are touched upon. Careful clinical and radiological examination
      failed to demonstrate any arteriovenous microfistulas. When Doppler ultrasound
      scanning was carried out, two discrete fistulas were discovered. Their extent and
      direction were mapped out accurately. Incisions were made directly over the
      markings displaying a pulsating capillary tuft of vessels. Further dissection
      exposed a feeding arteriole which was less than 1 mm. in diameter. Excision of
      the vascular malformations resulted in the cure of the patient. In another
      patient with the K-T syndrome in whom a cutaneous hemangioma involved the whole
      lower limb, in spite of a thorough and systematic search with a Doppler, no
      microfistulas could be demonstrated. It is suggested that all patients suffering
      from the K-T syndrome should be examined by Doppler ultrasound in the hope that
      microfistulas which elude radiodiagnostic techniques might be detected and
      treated surgically.

PMID- 171786
TI  - [Importance of cytochemical study of leukocyte enzymes for diagnosis of certain
      pathological conditions in the body].

PMID- 171787
TI  - [Acute pneumonia in influenza and other respiratory viral diseases].

PMID- 171788
TI  - Differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia.

PMID- 171789
TI  - Cancer of the kidney.

PMID- 171790
TI  - Tumoricidal steroids: potential cure for advanced breast and prostatic cancer.

PMID- 171791
TI  - Growth of permanent lymphoid cell cultures from human source: tenth anniversary.
AB  - The authors developed 52 permanent lymphoid cell cultures from various human
      sources, mainly from neoplastic lymphoproliferative disease. These cultures are
      reviewed against the background of similar cultures obtained in several other
      laboratories. The peculiar features of these cultures are: 1) the phenomenon of
      lymphoblastoid transformation; 2) the production of both globulins and mediators
      of delayed hypersensitivity; 3) the presence of herpes type virus as related to
      etiology or autoimmunity; and 4) cytotoxicity and other assays for the
      demonstration of tumor-specific antigens.

PMID- 171792
TI  - The role of heavy metals in human health.
AB  - The article reviews the role of heavy metals in human health, including those
      which are biochemically essential as well as those which have no known role in
      the normal functioning of the organism but which are toxic. The metals discussed
      are: cobalt, copper, manganese, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Several are also of
      concern from the point of view of environmental contamination. The article
      describes the biochemical role for those metals that are essential, mechanisms of
      intoxication, intake routes and quantities, and environmental significance.

PMID- 171793
TI  - Hypertension from compression and/or enucleation of the adrenal glands in the
      rat.
AB  - Previos studies have shown that compression of the adrenal glands is as effective
      as adrenal enucleation in causing hypertension in rats. Unilateral adrenal
      enucleation is ineffective, however, if a normal contralateral adrenal gland is
      present. The studies reported herein demonstrate that unilateral compression also
      fails to cause hypertension in the presence of a normal contralateral gland. When
      present singly, either enucleate or compressed adrenals cause hypertension; when
      either is present with a normal contralateral gland, the blood pressure is
      unaffected. When compressed or enucleate glands constitute the pair, in any
      combination, hypertension ensues. However, whereas an enucleate gland remains
      extremely atrophic in the presence of a normal gland, compressed glands attain a
      much larger size under this circumstance. Furthermore, a compressed gland is less
      inhibitory to the regeneration of a contralateral enucleate gland than is a
      normal adrenal. Whereas enucleate glands, whether bilateral or unilateral, are
      always smaller than normal glands, compressed adrenals may be enlarged. The
      hypertensogenic function of compressed adrenals is, like that of enucleate
      glands, suppressed by the presence of a normal gland. The growth response of
      compressed or enucleate glands, whether bilateral or single, appears to depend
      upon the degree of injury inflicted upon them. There is a considerable
      discrepancy in the size of individual members of a pair when one or both have
      been injured, that members of a normal pair do not exhibit.

PMID- 171794
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation: experience in a major cancer center.
AB  - Review of the coagulation laboratory records and medical records at Memorial
      Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center over a three year period (1971--1974) revealed 89
      patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The diagnosis of DIC
      was made if laboratory studies showed evidence of quantitative and qualitative
      changes in fibrinogen and significant thrombocytopenia. The patients included 19
      with leukemia (17 acute), 3 with multiple myeloma, 15 with lymphoma, 46 with
      metastatic solid tumors, (10 lung, 9 breast, 8 gastrointestinal, 12
      genitourinary, 7 miscellaneous) 4 with vascular tumors, and 3 without tumor.
      Other conditions which might have precipitated or initiated DIC such as gram
      negative sepsis, liver impairment, or mucin secreting tumors were present in the
      majority of patients. Bleeding occurred in 75% of the patients and was fatal in
      36%. Thromboembolism occurred in 22.5%. Thirteen percent were asymptomatic. Serum
      lactic dehydrogenase was elevated in over 75% of the patients at the time of, or
      subsequent to the occurrence of DIC. Treatment with heparin was helpful in only
      three of twenty patients. Eighty percent of the patients died within one to over
      30 days of the onset of DIC. Post mortem evidence of DIC was present in 18 of 43
      autopsies. Results of this study indicate that DIC is a frequent complication of
      a wide variety of tumors and that its occurrence causes morbidity and mortality
      in a significant number of patients. Treatment with heparin is of little help
      unless remission is induced and the precipitating factor(s) are reversed.

PMID- 171795
TI  - Proceedings: New synthetic derivatives of natural cyclic nucleotides: their
      effect on platelet behaviour.

PMID- 171796
TI  - Proceedings: Enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by isometric hand
      grip excercise in sclerotic patients and its prevention by EG-626, cAMPPDE
      inhibitor.

PMID- 171797
TI  - Proceedings: Positive chronotropic effect of dialysable peptides derived from
      plasmin digestion of bovine fibrinogen preparations. Role of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 171798
TI  - Dependence of platelet adenyl cyclase system on oxidative phosphorylation.
AB  - The radioactive adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) level derived from 8
      14C adenine in intact rabbit platelets decreased in the presence of mitochondrial
      inhibitor (potassium cyanide) or uncoupler (sodium azide), and markedly increased
      by the addition of NaF, monoiodoacetic acid (MIA), or 2-deoxy-D-glucose. The
      stimulative effect of the glycolytic inhibitors was distinctly enhanced by the
      simultaneous addition of sodium succinate. MIA did neither directly stimulate the
      adenyl cyclase activity nor inhibit the phosphodiesterase activity. These results
      suggest that cyclic AMP synthesis in platelets is closely linked to mitochondrial
      oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 171799
TI  - Studies on gluconeogenesis, protein synthesis and cyclic AMP levels in isolated
      hepatocytes from alloxan diabetic rats.
AB  - Alloxan diabetic rats maintained on protamine zinc insulin for two weeks were
      used for these studies. Hepatocytes were isolated from these rats at various time
      intervals after withdrawal of insulin (0, 48, 72 and 96 hr). Gluconeogenesis with
      various concentrations of lactate and fructose was studied. Both lactate and
      fructose stimulated gluconeogenesis and showed progressive increases in glucose
      production up to 72 hr after the insulin withdrawal. Glucose production decreased
      at 96 hr. Protein synthesis in isolated hepatocytes from diabetic liver cells, as
      measured by the incorporation of radioactive isoleucine, valine and phenylalanine
      into protein, showed a decrease (5- to 6-fold) with time after insulin
      withdrawal. Glucagon (10(-6)M) alone increased cyclic AMP levels 10-fold in liver
      cells, in isolated cells from rats maintained on insulin (0 hr) or from rats
      withdrawn from insulin for 48 hr. The ability of glucagon to elevate cyclic AMP
      levels in isolated diabetic liver cells decreases 72 hr following insulin
      withdrawal.

PMID- 171800
TI  - Defective early phase insulin release in perifused isolated pancreatic islets of
      spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus).
AB  - In order to characterize pancreatic beta cell function in Geneva bred spiny mice
      (acomys cahirinus), the dynamics of immunoreactive insulin release were examined
      during perifusion of pancreatic islets isolated from normoglycemic acomys. The
      initial insulin response of acomys was slow: no clear-cut early (1 to 10 min)
      peak of insulin release was observed when glucose in the perifusion medium was
      abruptly raised from 2.8 mM to concentrations as high as 56 mM. This was true for
      islets of either young, or older more obese acomys. However, after 20 to 30 min
      of perifusion at the high glucose concentrations, the rate of insulin release
      from acomysislets became similar to that from islets of rats or mice. By
      contrast, glucose-induced insulin release responses observed with islets of
      Wistar-derived rats, Swiss albino mice, and inbred C57BL/6J lean or obese (ob/ob)
      mice, were clearly biphasic. Tolbutamide 1.5 mM, arginine 16 mM, and theophylline
      10 mM were ineffective in stimulating insulin release from acomys islets in the
      presence of a substimulatory glucose concentration (2.8 mM), whereas these agents
      were effective in rat islets at the same substimulatory concentration of glucose.
      On the other hand, when these agents, as well as cyclic AMP 10 mM or cytochalasin
      B 10 mug/ml were applied in the presence of a stimulating concentration of
      glucose (16.8 mM), the glucose-stimulated insulin release from acomys islets was
      increased to the same or to a greater extent than from rat islets. It is
      suggested that the failure of all the agents tested to stimulate an early rapid
      phase of insulin release from acomys islets may be secondary to the observed
      initial insensitivity to glucose, which insensitivity may in turn reflect a
      selective impairment in the recognition of glucose as an insulinogenic signal in
      this species.

PMID- 171802
TI  - The effects of a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture (Aroclor 1254) on liver
      gluconeogenic enzymes of normal and alloxan-diabetic rats.
AB  - Normal and alloxan-diabetic rats were fed ground Purina Laboratory Chow with or
      without 500 ppm of Aroclor 1254 (AR) ad lib for 2 weeks. In both normal and
      diabetic rats, AR administration decreased food consumption, weight gain and
      blood glucose concentration, and increased liver weight, liver:body weight ratio,
      total liver lipid, liver protein and malic enzyme (ME) activity. In the normal
      rat, AR increased the concentrations of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate in
      blood, but in the diabetic rat the concentrations were markedly reduced. AR
      administration decreased the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      (PEPck) in normal liver and the activities of pyruvate carboxylase (PC), PEPck
      and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in diabetic liver.

PMID- 171801
TI  - Potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats by pretreatment with
      polychlorinated biphenyls.
AB  - Pretreatment of male rats with Aroclor 1254 at a dose of 25 mg/kg i.p. for 6 days
      resulted in potentiation of the hepatotoxicity of inhaled carbon tetrachloride
      (CCl4) as evidenced by a decrease in liver glucose-6-phosphatase and elevations
      of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic
      transaminase (SGPT), isocitrate dehydrogenase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase.
      Aroclor 1254 alone did not demonstrate hepatotoxicity. Aroclor 1254
      administration resulted in large increases in cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome
      P-450 (448) AND P-Nitroanisole demethylation. Subsequent exposure to CCl4 vapor
      resulted in over 70% decreases in the latter two parameters. The potentiation was
      dose-dependent with a dose of 5 mg/kg or higher being effective. Aroclor 1260
      administration gave results similar to those of Aroclor 1254, but Aroclor 1221
      enhanced CCl4 toxicity to a lesser extent.

PMID- 171803
TI  - Histopathologic changes induced in rats by localized x-irradiation of an
      exteriorized segment of the small intestine.
AB  - The sequence of histopathological changes was described after X-irradiation of
      the exteriorized segment (3 cm) of the rat ileum with  a single dose of 2200 R. A
      one-year follow-up was provided in rats whose exteriorized intestinal segments
      were irradiated. Comparisons were made between one group of animals in which the
      superior mesentric artery and vein were clamped during irradiation and a second
      group in which these vessels were not clamped. A third group of sham-irradiated
      controls was used for comparisons. There was a delay in the onset and progression
      of the radiation damage to the mucosa of the hypoxic animals in the acute post
      irradiation phase. In addition, prolongation of survival in the rats with the
      superior mesenteric vessels clamped was observed. Mucosal regeneration was noted,
      occurring at 52 days post-exposure. No adenocarcinomas were found up to 354 days
      after irradiation. An angiofibroma and a highly differentiated osteoid lesion
      were described.

PMID- 171804
TI  - Radiation effects on alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase in
      anatomically different regions of mouse intestine.
AB  - The effect of gamma irradiation on alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate
      has been studied in three anatomically different regions of the small intestine
      at a surface dose of 400 R. Both the enzymatic activities were shown to be
      enhanced in duodenum, jejunum and ileum 24 hours after irradiation. The activity
      of alkaline phosphatase on day 3 tendeed to be low as compared to day 1 post
      irradiation, but glucose-6-phosphatase continued to rise even after day 3.
      Maximum rise of glucose-6-phosphatase was observed in the jejunum. On day 9,
      alkaline phosphatase was diminished below the controls in the whole of intestine,
      but appeared to be normal on day 10. Glucose-6-phosphatase in duodenum and
      jejunum on the other hand was comparable to that of control mice; but in ileum,
      the activity of this enzyme was below the normal values. Physiological
      significances of these enzymes in intestine has been discussed.

PMID- 171805
TI  - Ammonium sulfate precipitation as a tool for the study of androgen receptor
      proteins in rat prostate and mouse kidney.
AB  - Ammonium sulfate precipitation has been used for the separation of bound and free
      steroids in rat prostate and mouse kidney cytosol equilibrated with tritiated
      androgens. A high affinity, low capacity binding protein has been identified in
      the 35% saturation precipitate. Biochemical and physiological data indicate that
      this protein is identical with the previously described 8-10 S androgen receptor.
      It has been demonstrated that this receptor protein binds 17 beta - hydroxy
      5alpha-androstan-3-one (DHT) and testosterone in both tissues. The apparent
      dissociation constant (Kd) of the prostatic receptor for DHT and of the renal
      receptor for testosterone is 1-2 nM. The number of binding sites equals 57 and 23
      fmoles/mg protein in prostate and kidney respectively. Dterminations of apparent
      inhibition constants (Ki) for 26 steroidal and non-steroidal compounds suggest
      that the binding sites in these tissues is similar or identical.

PMID- 171806
TI  - Methyltrienolone, a specific ligand for cellular androgen receptors.
AB  - Methyltrienolone (R 1881), 17beta-hydroxy-17alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-trien-3
      one, a very active androgen, binds specifically to rat prostate cytosol with a
      higher affinity than androstanolone. Unlike the physiological hormone, however,
      it is not bound by human sex steroid plasma binding protein, SBP. This specific
      ligand is thus a useful tool for the detection of elusive androgen receptors and
      for their study, for instance, in human tumors where interference from plasma
      contamination has to be circumvented.

PMID- 171808
TI  - Gastric cancer in Sudan.
AB  - All gastric tumours received in the University Department of Pathology and the
      National Laboratory between 1970-1974 were re-examined. Of 35 such tumours, 28
      were carcinomas, 6 malignant lymphomas and 1 leiomyosarcoma. Histological grading
      showed that the majority of the patients reported in the very advanced stages of
      the disease. Accordingly, the resectability rate was low. The incidence of
      primary malignant lymphoma of the stomach (16.6%) is much higher than in Western
      countries but is in accord with reports from countries in the Mediterranean
      basin.

PMID- 171807
TI  - Immunochemical comparison of estradiol-binding molecules in perinatal rat brain
      cytosol and serum.
AB  - Estradiol-binding macromolecules in fetoneonatal rat brain cytosol and serum were
      compared by immunochemical techniques. When treated by a double diffusion
      procedure, both cytosol and serum formed precipitin lines with rabbit antiserum
      specific for perinatal rat serum proteins. These lines fused completely,
      indicating, within the limits of detection of this particular antiserum, the
      presence of identical antigenic determinants in the brain and serum. Prior
      removal of immunoprecipitable material from cytosol or serum, after incubation
      with the specific antiserum, prevented formation of such precipitin lines. The
      procedure similarly presented specific estradiol-binding to macromolecules. It
      was therefore concluded that the specifically perinatal, antigenically similar,
      components in rat brain cytosol and serum (possibly representing
      alphafetoprotein) are responsible for the estradiol-binding activity in these two
      tissue compartments. Measurements of heme concentrations indicated that the
      alphafetoprotein-like material in the cytosol does not reflect blood
      contamination, but rather a separate population of similar or identical
      molecules.

PMID- 171809
TI  - Serological study of amebiasis and toxoplasmosis in the Lindu Valley, Central
      Sulawesi, Indonesia.
AB  - Results of a serology survey in April 1972 for Entamoeba histolytica and
      Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among 484 inhabitants of the isolated Lake Lindu
      Valley of Central Sulawesi (Celebes) are presented. Indirect hemagglutination
      antibody titers for amebiasis were found in over 10% of the population, although
      only 3.7% demonstrated significant titers of 1:128 or greater. There appeared to
      be no relationship between antibody titers and the age and sex of individuals
      tested, and the frequency distribution of antibody titers indicates a low
      prevalence of invasive amebiasis in the population. Indirect hemagglutination
      antibody titers for Toxoplasma gondii equal to or greater than 1:32 were found in
      27.1% of the total population, and it appeared that the prevalence of titers
      increased with age in both sexes. More families with cats had Toxoplasma gondii
      antibody titers than families without cats.

PMID- 171811
TI  - [Genetic manipulation of eukaryotic cells].

PMID- 171810
TI  - [Detection of the range of cytological changes in tumors induced in rats by
      nitrosoamines by means of passage in the anterior chamber of the eye].
AB  - 12 rat liver tumors (high, purely and low differentiated hepatomas and
      adenocarcinomas), 3 kidney tumors, 1 lymphosarcoma and 1 round cell sarcoma of
      the uterus were transplanted and passed trough anterior chamber of the allogenic
      rat eyes. In 8 primary transplants of the liver tumors differentiation traits
      increased; three of them were morphologically undistinguishable from the normal
      liver tissue. In some transplants of embryonic liver and kidney displasia was
      detected. The results obtained give evidence in favor of a very high cytological
      variability of tumors at the early steps of progression, and indicate that the
      cultivation in the anterior chamber of the eye may be a proper model for
      investigation of cytological variability of both malignant and normal tissues.

PMID- 171812
TI  - [Pyrophosphate synovitis].

PMID- 171813
TI  - Interaction of ultrasound with neoplastic tissue. Local effect on subcutaneously
      implanted Furth-Columbia rat Wilms' tumor.
AB  - Ultrasonic irradiation was employed by direct administration to the skin
      overlying subcutaneously implanted Furth-Columbia rat Wilms' tumors. Treated
      tumors were flattened and excavated and demonstrated no stigmata of hemorrhage or
      infection. There was a marked decrease in growth rate of the tumors with an
      increase in survival time of the host. Histologic assessment with the light
      microscope exhibited a sharp line of demarcation between the necrosed sonicated
      portion of tumor and the viable intact nonsonicated area of tumor. A blackened
      area of skin, which was not histologically similar to a burn, was interposed
      betwwen the site of application of the ultrasound and the necrosed tumor.

PMID- 171814
TI  - [Malignant glomus tumor of the middle ear].

PMID- 171815
TI  - [Malignization of juvenile angiofibroma of the nasopharynx].

PMID- 171816
TI  - [Use of abscessography in diagnosis of otogenic brain abscess].

PMID- 171817
TI  - [Factors determining the severity of the course of acute stenosing
      laryngotracheobronchitis].

PMID- 171818
TI  - [Acute disorder of the accessory nasal sinuses in mixed viral diseases].

PMID- 171819
TI  - [Surgical tactics in malignant forms of ulcerogenic tumors of the pancreas].
AB  - According to the authors' findings malignant forms of ulcerogenic tumors of the
      pancreas in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome clinically show a relatively
      favourable course in oncological aspect. As a rule, patients die from
      complications of peptic ulcer before a progressive tumor growth or its metastases
      result in mortality. Therefore, in cases when the routine radical operators prove
      to be unfeasible, it is recommended to perform surgery for the purpose of
      liquidating ulcer and conditions for its recurrence.

PMID- 171820
TI  - Comparison of hypochlorite teat dips containing different levels of sodium
      carbonate.

PMID- 171821
TI  - [Testing of the protective effect of cell-free lyophilized vaccine against
      Marek's disease in field trials].
AB  - The protective effect of a lyophilized vaccine against Marek's disease
      ("Keramvac"--Pfizer), prepared from a cell-free turkey's herpesvirus (strain FC
      126), was compared in field trials with losses in the group of non-vaccinated
      chickens. Under the indicated conditions, the vaccine had only a 50.86%
      effectiveness. The possible causes of the reduced vaccination effect are
      discussed with regard to the pathomorphological and virological findings
      suggesting, among others, an increased incidence of the symptoms of the classical
      form of Marek's disease in the population investigated.

PMID- 171822
TI  - Hepatic drug metabolism and adverse hepatic drug reactions.
AB  - Drugs and other chemicals are usually metabolized in the liver in the drug
      metabolizing enzyme system. The metabolites sometimes bind with cellular
      macromolecules and injure the cell directly or serve as new antigens to create
      immunologic injury in a delayed fashion. The immediate or toxic injury is dose
      dependent, predictable and zonal in the liver lobule, usually in the central
      region. Carbon tetrachloride intoxication and acetaminophen overdose are examples
      of injury resulting from microsomal metabolism. Other injuries related to
      microsomal metabolism are those produced by vinyl chloride in polymerization
      plant workers and by methotrexate in psoriatics or leukemic children. Most
      adverse drug reactions affecting the liver and producing jaundice are
      unpredictable, delayed in onset, and only hypothetically related to microsomal
      metabolism in some instances. The two main types are cholestasis and viral
      hepatitis-like. The former may be in a pure form, in which case it may be partly
      dose-dependent, or in a form mixed with hepatitis. Many drugs produce cholestasis
      in a small percentage of persons, and because the reaction is benign, albeit
      prolonged at times, such drugs continue to be used. The viral-hepatitis-like
      reaction involves few drugs and affects few persons, but can be fatal. The
      recognition that chronic hepatitis can be caused by drugs such as oxyphenisatin,
      alpha-methyldopa, and isoniazid has added a new dimension to the clinical problem
      of adverse drug reactions, which may extend to widely used and commonly available
      agents like aspirin.

PMID- 171823
TI  - Letter: Quantitation of antibodies to infectious bursal disease.

PMID- 171824
TI  - [Role of the virus of Aujeszky's disease in respiratory diseases of swine].
AB  - Studies carried out on pig-breeding farms have established the presence of
      Aujeszky's disease virus in cases of bronchopneumonia in pigs. On seven out of
      eight farms with bronchopneumonia the virus wad demonstrated both virologically
      and serologically, and nearly 50 per cent of the examined diseased pigs on these
      and other farms had antibodies. The individual serologic studies of pigs having
      antibodies revealed that the antibodies appeared in the second month of the
      animals' fattening. This corresponded to the manifestation of the initial
      symptoms of bronchopneumonia in the respective group.

PMID- 171825
TI  - [Isolation and identification of a virus causing abortions and stillbirths in
      swine (Preliminary report)].
AB  - A virus of the RNA type, having no lipid envelope, acid-fast and stable to heat,
      was isolated from an aborted fetus and from the kidney of a piglet of a lower
      viability at birth. It was readily cultured, multiplying quickly in primary cell
      cultures of pig kidney and in the SPEV cell line, producing a characteristic
      cytopathic effect. It gave no hemagglutination with human, chicken, and swine
      erythrocytes. Serologically, it was identified as a swine enterovirus of serotype
      I, identical with the viruses described as the etiologic agents of SMEDI.

PMID- 171826
TI  - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of the human kidney in  Argentine
      haemorrhagic fever.
AB  - In six lethal cases of Argentine Haemorrhagic Fever (AHF) a disease caused by
      Junin virus, kidney samples were studied by means of immunofluorescent and
      electron microscopic techniques.--The ultrastructural studies showed that the
      distal and collecting tubes presented a large number of virus like
      intracytoplasmic particles. Those particles were present in the lumen of the
      endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and showed two distinct morphological aspects.
      Some of them were of high electron density and contained a few granules. The
      others were larger in size, electron lucid, and contained a variable number of
      ribosome like granules. Both types of particles originated from the endoplasmic
      reticulum wall by a process of budding. The presence of these particles was
      coincident with a severe cell damage which lead to necrosis and desquamation; and
      with large quantities of Junin virus antigen as demonstrated by
      immunofluorescence.--On the basis of these observations it is assumed that in AHF
      the cell damage is due to direct viral replication within the affected cells.

PMID- 171827
TI  - Ultrastructure of pulmonary granulomatosis induced in rats by intravenous
      complete Freund's adjuvant.
AB  - Following the intravenous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, changes in the
      rat lung were studied with the electron microscope. Interstitial granulomas were
      produced and whereas on light microscopy these appeared to consist mainly of
      epitheloid cells, electron microscopy showed that the granulomas were largely
      made up of macrophages. Epithelioid cells were in fact few in number, atypical in
      appearance and limited to the periphery of some granulomas. Fenestrated
      capillaries were also found at the edge of the granulomas. The alveolar
      macrophages were increased in number and size but marked cytoplasmic vacuolation
      and a paucity of lysosomes are consistent with our previous suggestion that the
      phagocytic and migratory properties of these cells are weakened or inhibited.
      Alterations were found in both types of alveolar epithelial cell with the
      appearance of intermediate cell forms.

PMID- 171828
TI  - A light and electron microscopic study of endometrial sarcomas of the uterus.
AB  - 38 endometrial sarcomas were studied light microscopically, 5 of them
      additionally with the electron microscope. According to their histological
      appearance these tumours were classified as homologous stromal sarcomas (13
      cases), pure heterologous (4) and mixed mesodermal sarcomas (21).  The
      ultrastructure is described with reference to the cytoplasmic differentiation of
      the tumour cells. A basic immature cell type was present in all endometrial
      sarcomas irrespective whether they were of pure homologous or of mixed type. In
      regard to the striking similarity between this cell and cells of the early
      proliferating endometrium an origin of all endometrial sarcomas from immature
      stromal cell is suggested. The mixed tumours contain a number of highly
      differentiated cells like smooth muscle cells, rhabdomyoblasts, fibroblasts etc.
      As there was a number of cells intermediate in cytoplasmic appearances between
      immature and differentiated end stages it seems likely that the latter develop
      from the former. Thus the undifferentiated cell represents the stem cell from
      which the differentiation processes of all cell lines take their origin. A
      transition from neoplastic epithelium to neoplastic mesenchyme could not be
      demonstrated in thed that the mixed epithelial-mesenchymal endometrial tumours
      originate by a simultaneous malignant transformation of cells with a fixed
      differentiation potency.

PMID- 171829
TI  - [Cylindroma of the breast. A histochemical and histogenetic study (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The histochemical study of mucopolysaccharide components of the ground substance
      of the cylindroma lends force to their epithelial origine. The myoepithelial
      cell, which is ectodermal in origin, plays an essential role in their secretion.
      Silver impregnation of normal and dysplastic breast illustrates the secretory
      function of myoepithelial cells and their possible implication in the
      histogenesis of cylindroma.

PMID- 171830
TI  - [On the etiology of spindle-shaped acid-fast bodies in the human spleen (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Spindle-shaped acid-fast bodies have been identified only in lymph nodes till
      now. Their nature and their origin remained unclear. We have also found these
      bodies in the human spleen. Their staining reactions and their correlations to
      age, sex, weight of spleen, and to hemosiderin deposits were examined. They have
      been encountered in 50% of cases of hereditary spherocytosis and in 41.7% of
      cases of traumatic rupture of the spleen--but only in 2.3% of all other cases of
      groups of various other disorders. We conclude from our results that: 1. The
      spindle-shaped acid-fast bodies are made of ceroid. 2. They are not causative
      organisms and therefore cannot be of importance in the etiology of sarcoidosis.
      3. They derive from increased destruction of erythrocytes. 4. They originate due
      to oxidative polymerization of membrane lipids. 5. They may also be found in
      absence of any fat-metabolism disturbance.

PMID- 171831
TI  - [The ultrastructure of fibrous and histiocytic skin tumors (dermatofibroma,
      dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, fibroxanthoma, and histiocytoma) (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A report on the ultrastructure of the following skin tumors: dermatofibroma (7
      cases), histiocytoma (4 cases), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (1 case), and
      fibroxanthoma (1 case). Because of their different ultrastructural
      characteristics a division into two groups is possible: one group of tumors would
      include dermatofibroma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and fibroxanthoma, where
      the formation of fibers is extensive and fibroblasts are suggested for its
      histogenesis. These types of tumor differ from histiocytoma, the cellular
      character of which is determined by a very pronounced phagocytosis and storage of
      lipid and hemosiderin; a histogenesis from histiocytes is probable. The nuclei of
      dermatofibroma and histiocytoma show a simple surfacedevelopment, whereas the
      nuclei of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and fibroxanthoma show multisegmented
      nuclei ("labyrinth nuclei"). In the case of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans this
      kind of nuclear segmentation seems to be a morphologic correlate of its
      semimalignancy. Based on ultrastructural analysis a classification of these fiber
      producing tumors into "fibrous histiocytomas" is not justified.

PMID- 171832
TI  - The role of the tvb locus in genetic resistance to RSV(RAV-O).

PMID- 171833
TI  - The smallest protein of Sendi virus: its candidate function of binding
      nucleocaspsid to envelope.

PMID- 171835
TI  - Induction of cellular DNA synthesis by a temperature-sensitive mutant of herpes
      simplex virus type 2.

PMID- 171834
TI  - Purification of defective interfering T particles of vesicular stomatitis and
      rabies viruses generated in vivo in brains of newborn mice.

PMID- 171836
TI  - Studies on the in vivo and in vitro messenger RNA species of vesicular stomatitis
      virus.

PMID- 171838
TI  - Polyadenylic acid on poliovirus RNA IV. Poly(U) in replicative intermediate and
      double-stranded RNA.

PMID- 171837
TI  - Characterization of a conditional mutant of Rouse sarcoma virus with alterations
      in early and late functions of cell transformation.

PMID- 171839
TI  - Characterization of rabies viruses recovered from persistently infected BHK
      cells.

PMID- 171840
TI  - Susceptibility and resistance of chicken macrophages to avian RNA tumor viruses.

PMID- 171841
TI  - Stability of simian virus 40 (SV40) mRNA species.

PMID- 171842
TI  - DNA replication in SV40 infected cells X. The structure of the 16 S gap circle
      intermediate in SV40 DNA synthesis.

PMID- 171843
TI  - Herpes simplex virus proteins: DNA-binding proteins in infected cells and in the
      virus structure.

PMID- 171844
TI  - Focus assay and defectiveness of avian myeloblastosis virus.

PMID- 171845
TI  - Isolation of simian virus 40-transformed inbred hamster cell lines heterogeneous
      for virus induction by chemicals or radiation.

PMID- 171846
TI  - Cell cycle dependence of simian virus 40 induction from transformed hamster cells
      by ultraviolet irradiation.

PMID- 171847
TI  - Decapsidation of polyoma virus: identification of subviral species.

PMID- 171848
TI  - Short communications Decapsidation of polyoma virus mutants.

PMID- 171849
TI  - Location of the small restriction fragments, Hind-L, Hind-M and Hpa-E, on the
      simian virus 40 genome.

PMID- 171850
TI  - Analysis of Herpes simplex virus DNA synthesized in vitro in nuclei isolated from
      infected BSC-1 cells.

PMID- 171851
TI  - Mechanism of interferon-induced inhibition of early simian virus 40(SV40)
      functions.

PMID- 171852
TI  - The fate of herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA during abortive infection at 42
      degrees C of hyman embryonic lung cells.

PMID- 171853
TI  - [Increased prebeta lipoproteins in the serum as an indicator of latent diabetes].

PMID- 171854
TI  - [Blood biochemical changes in chronic radiation sickness].

PMID- 171855
TI  - [Late sequelae of a battle injury of the peripheral nerves].

PMID- 171856
TI  - [Quantitative cytochemical detection of enzymes in cultured cells following
      infection with Rous virus].
AB  - The method of visual quantitative estimation was employed to determine the index
      of enzymes activity in embryonal cells cultures infected with Rous virus. In
      early terms (1-7 days after infection) a moderate production of diformazane was
      noted in the presence of glucoso-6-phosphatiosomerase, phosphoglucomutase,
      pyruvatoxidase, NAD. H2- and NADP. H-2-diaphorase, other enzymes showing no
      distinquishable deviations in the activity, as compared with the normal culture.
      In later terms (13-27 days) during the proliferation of the transformed cells
      there was found an increased level of the glycolysis enzymes activity, pentose
      cycle, hydrolysis of ortho-phosphoric acid monoethers and reduced lemon acid
      cycle and tissue respiration. Cytoplasmatic vacuoles formed in the transformed
      cells seem to represent hypertrophic lysosomes and phagolysosomes.

PMID- 171857
TI  - [Case of pulmonary adenomatosis diagnosed in a living person].

PMID- 171858
TI  - Clinical features in histologically proven primary hepatoma.

PMID- 171859
TI  - Cytochemical studies on some specific phosphatase activities in experimental
      trichinellosis of mice.

PMID- 171860
TI  - Mathematical interpretation of tissue -- serum enzyme activity relation in
      trichinellosis.

PMID- 171861
TI  - [Tumours of the corpus callosum in the anglogram (author's transl)].
AB  - On account of the median location of tumours of the corpus callosum, serial
      angiography reveals displacements only at an advanced stage. In many cases there
      is no lateral displacement of the anterior cerebral artery and a lateral
      angiogram of the pericallosal artery does not reveal tumours of the corpus
      callosum, especially if they are associated with a vascular pattern
      characteristic of arteriosclerosis or hydrocephalus. The deep mid-line veins are
      not consistently displaced. A differentiation of the vascular pattern associated
      with small tumours of the corpus callosum  from normal variations may be
      problematic. The inner veins cannot be visualised sometimes on account of
      increased intracranial pressure and a slowing of the circulation.

PMID- 171862
TI  - Cyclic adenosine-3',5-monophosphate concentration and enzyme activities of
      cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis of children.
AB  - The concentration of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and the
      activities of some enzymes of 29 children were measured from cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) and plasma at various stages of meningitis. The CSF cAMP values in acute
      untreated phase of aseptic and purulent meningitis were equal, but significantly
      higher than those of convalescent children with no pathological clinical or
      laboratory findings. During the whole course (up to 2 weeks) of antimicrobial
      treatment of the purulent meningitis CSF cAMP concentration was higher than in
      the convalescent phase. Of the CSF enzymes studied, the lactic dehydrogenase
      activity seemed to be the best indicator of changing stages of meningitis. It was
      clearly elevated in the acute, untreated phase of purulent meningitis then
      decreasing during the course of treatment. In aseptic meningitis this activity
      was at the normal level and the activities of creatine kinase and acid
      phosphatase behaved similarly. The plasma cAMP concentrations in the acute phase
      of purulent meningitis were in the same range as in the CSF. During the treatment
      no significant changes were seen. The enzyme activities in the plasma were
      normal. The CSF cAMP level seems to be a sensitive indicator of metabolic
      disturbances in meningitis and may serve as a diagnostic aid.

PMID- 171863
TI  - A simple method for clearing lipemic sera by lipid extraction.

PMID- 171865
TI  - Spontaneous variations in the cell population of a T-cell lymphoma during tissue
      culture and transplantation.
AB  - Immunologically induced T-cell lymphomas were kept for long period fo time in
      isotransplantation and in tissue culture. Initially, a certain number of cells
      within the tumor showed differentiation towards histiocytes. These disappeared
      completely after about the twentieth graft generation when the tumor changed
      toward a more atypical and more uniform neoplasm. That change was correlated with
      a decrease in transplantability, a limited growth in tissue culture, and a
      decrease in density of theta antigens on tumor cell membranes. While the original
      tumor and early grafts contained occasional C-type particles, these were never
      demonstrated in late tumor grafts. The possible implications of these changes are
      discussed.

PMID- 171864
TI  - Neurocristopathy, neuroendocrine pathology and the APUD concept.
AB  - The neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus, and the cells of the pituitary
      gland and the pineal, are here grouped together as a central neuroendocrine
      division of the APUD series. The larger, peripheral division comprises the
      remainder of the original series. All the cells are proven or presumptive
      derivatives of neuroectoderm so that, with the present exception of the
      parathyroid gland and its products, peptide hormone endocrinology becomes
      neuroendocrinology. It follows that the pathology of the APUD cell series must be
      regarded as neuroendocrine and it is suggested that it can best be expressed by
      the term neurocristopathy (Bolande, 1974). Tumours of the series, properly
      neurocristomas, are preferably called apudomas because their common cytochemical
      (APUD) and ultrastructural characteristics provide the pathologist with a ready
      means of diagnosis.

PMID- 171867
TI  - [Cardiac glomus tumor. Light- and electron microscopic investigations (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A cardiac glomus tumor, first described by Masson, was observed in a 28 year old
      woman who presented symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. Electron microscopic studies
      disclose a wide range of differentiation of glomus cells from smooth muscle cells
      to epitheloid cells. The common feature of both cell types include cytoplasmic
      microfibrils, fusiform condensations and small vesicles. The endothelial cells
      also show some structural similarities to these glomus cells. The histogenesis of
      this cardiac tumor is discussed on the basis of its ultrastructure and its
      uncommon localization. It is concluded that cardiac glomus tumors arise from
      primitive mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 171868
TI  - Study of globular bodies found in hepatomas of Swiss mice.
AB  - In spontaneous hepatomas of Swiss mice a great number of eosinophilic globular
      bodies was observed without cirrhosis. Electron microscopy revealed their protein
      nature and origin from the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae.

PMID- 171866
TI  - [The evaluation of the cyclophosphamide sensitivity of human tumours by
      determining the incorporation of tritiated uridine and thymidine into the nucleic
      acids of human tumor cells in vitro in presence of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A new in vitro assay for screening the sensitivity of human tumour cells against
      Cyclophosphamide has been developed. While biologically activated
      Cyclophosphamide was unsuitable because of unpurities in the material, synthetic
      4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide was shown to inhibit the incorporation of tritiated
      uridine and thymidine into the nucleic acids of human tumour cells in vitro. 29
      tumours including 14 mammarial carcinomas, 8 ovarial carcinomas and 7 other
      malignant tumours were tested. While 12 tumours showed a significant and 5 only a
      slight inhibition of the 3H-uridine incorporation in vitro. 12 tumours showed no
      effect. Histologically none-differentiated tumours were more sensitive against 4
      Hydroxycyclophosphamide as compared with the more differentiated ones. First
      observations point to 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide instead of 4
      Hydroxycyclophosphamide as a more suitable form of activated Cyclophosphamid for
      the in vitro assay of Cyclophosphamide sensitiveness because of the higher
      stability and better availability of this compound.

PMID- 171869
TI  - Increasing occurence of tumour cell -- tumour cell emperipolesis in the
      regenerating JB-1 ascites tumour.
AB  - During the investigation of JB-1 ascites tumour cells in recurrent growth several
      cases of emperiopolesis were observed. Different types of emperipolesis are
      presented. Light microscopical serial sections, autoradiography and transmission
      electron microscopy indicate that the cells involved in emperipolesis are
      separate cells, and the authors suggest that cytopagocytosis is the initial
      mechanism in the development of emperipolesis.

PMID- 171870
TI  - The kininase activity of Ehrlichs' ascites solid tumor after treatment with
      oncolytic clostridia.
AB  - For the first time the effect of bacterial kininases of Cl. oncolyticum M 55 ATCC
      13.732 could be demonstrated in the tumor itself. This is shown by an increased
      degradation of kinins by spore-treated tumor tissue in comparison with respective
      controls. The results indicate the influence of kininases on the capillary
      circulation of the tumor tissue as one of the fundamental reactions of oncolysis.

PMID- 171871
TI  - [Transplacental oncogenic effect of ethylnitrosourea in rabbits (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 50 mg/kg ethylnitrosourea (ENU) per dose, diluted in a 0.9%NaCl/1%NaH2PO4
      solution (pH 6.2) were administered intravenously to three pregnant rabbits. The
      injections were carried out on the following days of gestation: 21., 26., and
      30./21., 25., and 31./22., 25., and 30. From the total offspring (22), 16 rabbits
      could be raised. In 12 animals, kidney tumours were observed after a latent
      period of 2--2 1/2 years. The induced tumours are generally composed of both
      epithelial and mesenchymal tissue elements. Two tumours of the series are of a
      pure epithelial or a pure mesenchymal nature respectively. In most of the mixed
      tumours, classified as Adenocarcino-Sarcomas (10), the epithelial and mesenchymal
      elements are closely integrated, sometimes one component predominated over the
      other one. Histologically the ENU-induced mixed tumours of kidney in rabbits and
      the "dysontogenetic" kidney tumours of children (WILMS) show comparable
      structural characteristics.

PMID- 171872
TI  - In-vitro demonstration of cell-mediated immunity to vaccinia virus in man.
AB  - Cell mediated immunity to vaccinia virus in man was studied by lymphocyte
      transformation. Vaccinia antigen, propagated on BHK-21 and Vero cells, could be
      used successfully for in-vitro testing after partial purification as well as
      crude infectious homogenates. Vaccinia antigen preparations were effective both
      in the infective and the inactivated state. Inactivation was usually accompanied
      with a certain loss of stimulating activity. Development of cell mediated immune
      response in-vitro after first vaccination was investigated in 17 adults. Vaccinia
      virus specific lymphocyte transformation was seen in the second week after
      vaccination in all cases. Following revaccination no increase of lymphocyte
      transformation ratio could be observed in 11 persons studied. At the same time
      the titers of humoral antibodies were elevated.

PMID- 171873
TI  - [Transferrin variants: significance and identification in paternity cases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Transferrin phenotypes were determined in 3380 sera of unrelated persons of the
      western region of Germany with 97.60 percent for TfC and 2.40 percent for Tf
      variants. Identification was achieved by immunochemical means or through
      autoradiography. Relative mobilities in some variants were measured using Tf B2C
      (0.7) as reference. Application of Tf variants is demonstrated in paternity
      cases.

PMID- 171874
TI  - [Fibrillar and tubular fine structures in the cytoplasm of Entamoeba histolytica
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The electron-microscopical study of conventional fixed and contrasted Entamoeba
      histolytica-trophozoites from Diamonds monoxenic TTY-medium revealed "thick
      fibrils" in the vesicular cytoplasm of the parasites. They are 9-14 nm in
      diameter and are therefore considered to be myosin-like filaments, that are
      spread mainly in the tail or the uroid of the moving ameba. No association with
      microfilaments (MF) or other organelles could be observed. During the same
      investigation microtubules (MT) of variable length are described having a
      diameter of 35 nm, surrounded by a 19-25 nm wide capsule. They are distributed
      singly or in bundles with a maximal diameter of 350 nm. Some of the MT were
      coiled up to a helical shape.

PMID- 171875
TI  - Virulence of bacteria-associated, Crithidia-associated, and axenic Entamoeba
      histolytica: experimental hamster liver infections with strains from patients and
      carriers.
AB  - Experimental infections of the hamster liver were carried out with five strains
      from patients with clinical amoebiasis and ten strains from asymptomatic
      carriers. Inocula of comparatively small size (12000-36000 amoebae) were injected
      under the liver capsule. 1. The virulence of the patient strains varied from 21
      96% (see article) and declined sharply within 7-15 weeks after elimination of the
      associated bacterial flora. The virulence of the carrier strains varied from 0
      100%, probably fluctuating with changes in the concomitant bacterial flora (Table
      1). 2. The interrelation between size of inoculum, period of bacteria-free
      growth, and virulence was demonstrated with a Crithidia-associated patient
      strains (Table 2). 3. A patient strain showed a faster decrease of virulence
      during axenic than in Crithidia-associated cultivation (Table 3). 4. Two
      successive passages through hamster liver resulted in a marked increase of
      virulence of two bacteria-free strains, lasting for several months (Table 4). 5.
      A significant enhancement of virulence of Crithidia-associated and axenic amoebae
      by reassociation with a mixed bacterial flora during two weeks, followed by
      elimination of the bacteria, was demonstrated with two strains. The restored
      virulence was lost again within a few weeks (Table 5). 6. The virulence of an
      attenuated patient strain did not become manifest by adding large numbers of dead
      amoebae to the inoculum (Table 6). 7. The pathology of the different lesions
      caused in the hamster liver by the amoebae is described, including one of a
      granulomatous type, frequently found after inoculation with bacteria-free
      amoebae. 8. In an attempt to explain the occurrence of strains differing in
      pathogenicity an hypothesis is put forward based on the idea of selection of
      virulence and avirulent amoebae.

PMID- 171876
TI  - [Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and its role in cellular mechanisms of adaptive
      reactions].

PMID- 171878
TI  - [Mitosis and virus infection in cell cultures. II. Reaction of the nuclear
      apparatus of the cell to virus infection].

PMID- 171879
TI  - Diversity of androgen effects in adulthood : a search for possible causes outside
      the effector apparatus of the target cells.

PMID- 171877
TI  - [Erythron regulation].

PMID- 171880
TI  - [Case of chemodectoma, originating from the vagus nerve, with marked somatic
      disorders].

PMID- 171881
TI  - [Resection of the trachea and bifurcation].

PMID- 171882
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the Verner-morrison syndrome].

PMID- 171884
TI  - [The hidradenoma of the vulva].
AB  - The hidradenoma of vulva is a rare tumor. After description histogenesis and
      microscopic appearance demonstrated histological difficulties. An exact
      microscopic diagnois is necessary because the hidradenoma is a benign tumor.

PMID- 171883
TI  - [Secondary anemorrhea in processes in the sella region].
AB  - The authors report on 36 patients suffering from a tumor in the chiasm-sella
      turcica region and their symptoms. The secondary amenorrhea and the disturbances
      of cycle are the first symptoms in 19 women from altogether 26 women in the
      stages of live from 14 to 50 years. It is commendable to take the expansive
      intracranial process in the chiams-sella-turcica region into consideration by the
      statement of the differential diagnosis of the secondary amenorrhea.

PMID- 171885
TI  - [Comparative studies on the action of chlorine and ozone on polioviruses in the
      reprocessing of drinking water in Essen (author's transl)].
AB  - The present study was performed in order to evaluate comparatively the
      inactivation of polio virus type I strains (wild type and attenuated) by means of
      chlorine and ozone. Polio virus type I was chosen with regard to its
      epidemiological behaviour and high stability in drinking-water and sewage lines.
      In view of the lack of propagation techniques, hepatitis viruses A and B,
      unfortunately, could not be used for these experiments. The experiments were done
      under laboratory conditions only, and not in the water recovery plant because of
      hygienic reasons. Defined quantities of disinfectants were examined for their
      virus-inactivating effect in water without redox-potential (double-distilled
      water), water with low defined redox-potential (double-distilled water + KOH),
      previously chlorinated water with a residual chlorine content of 0.03 mg chlorine
      per liter (tap water) and water with a high redox-potential (well water from the
      drinking-water plant). Time-course studies were performed, both with chlorine and
      ozone, in order to evaluate the characteristics of the inactivation procedure.
      The experimental conditions chosen varied from experiment to experiment to obtain
      relevant conclusions for the practice. On the basis of our results, and taking
      into account the quantitative differences in effect, chlorine and ozone
      principially can be considered equivalent in their action of virus-disinfection.
      Both, the initial rate and the kinetics of virus disinfection are really
      identical. Both disinfectants are dependant on the condition of the water (redox
      potential, pH etc.) to a great extent in their efficacy. Therefore, a decision of
      whether or not ozone should substitute for chlorine for the drinking-water supply
      in Essen cannot be drawn on the basis of virological experiments. This decision,
      then, depends more or less on other questions - such as relative costs and
      practicability of the ozonization on a large technical scale. The safety risk and
      technical reliability of the ozonization process is of particular significance.
      In the present condition of the Essen reservoir water, a good virus disinfection
      can be expected already with 1.0 to 1.5 mg ozone/liter (dissolved!); such a
      concentration guarantees very little residual ozone and, thus, makes then this
      procedure technically feasible. Continuous checking of the redox-potential and
      the amount of the ozone added is necessary. With regard to a continuous supply of
      ozone, the dependence on current supply must be guaranteed. Ozonization of water,
      probably by the cleavage of humic acid, promotes bacterial recontamination of the
      drinking-water in the city taps(Stalder und Klosterkotter, 45). Therefore only a
      combined pre-ozonization with subsequent chlorination would guarantee, both,
      safety and improvement of the cosmetical conditions of the drinking-water. Such a
      combination would be feasible with highly reduced amounts of ozone and chlorine.

PMID- 171886
TI  - [Histological diagnosis and therapy of rare breast neoplasms].
AB  - Occasional rare benign and malignant breast tumours present diagnostical
      difficulties, how a report on 8 rare forms of tumours among 564 breast rumors
      (351 benign, 213 malignant) of the years 1965--1972 at the Universitats
      Frauenklinik Greifswald shows. We found among 351 benign breast tumours 2 rare
      forms: 1 tubular adenoma and 1 nodular lymphoreticulosis. We diagnosed among 213
      malignant breast tumours 6 rare tumour-types: one at a case an unilateral
      respectively a bilateral noninvasive lobular carcinoma from the carcinoma-in-situ
      type, 1 spindlecell- and 2 reticulosarcoma, which in one case the starting-point
      of the heterogeneous differentiated reticulosarcoma was obvious situated in a
      teratoid tumour. Last case dealt with a real cystosarcoma phylloides, of which
      oncological and terminological problems were additional discussed.

PMID- 171889
TI  - Correlation between drug induced changes of acetylcholine release and
      acetylcholine fractions in rat brain.
AB  - After administration of eserine, a new acetylcholine (ACh) subfraction called f+
      is formed in rat brain tissue. References and methods are given for the
      calculation of this subfraction, which can be isolated and determined only
      together with the so-called "free" ACh fraction. Alterations of the f+-ACh
      subfraction caused by barbital, urethane, pentetrazol, arecoline and scopolamine
      in telencephalon, cortex and striatum of rat brain are connected with changes of
      ACh concentrations determined in comparable releasing tests.

PMID- 171888
TI  - [Effects of diethyldithiocarbamate on the acute toxicity and the
      acetylcholinesterase inhibition by methylparathion in mice].
AB  - Acute toxicity of methylparathion male mice is reduced by DET in dose-range from
      50 to 300 mg/kg. Mean survival time in LD100 range of methylparathion is
      significantly prolonged. Inhibition of AChE in vivo is reduced, too. The observed
      dose-effect-relations show an approx. 10-fold increase in equi-effective doses
      after DET-pretreatment. DET has no protective effect both in vivo and in vitro,
      if methylparathion is added to the brain homogenate of mice. As probable
      mechanism of action a change in methylparathion-metabolism induced by DET in the
      system of mixed functional oxidases is discussed.

PMID- 171890
TI  - [Antiviral thiosemicarbazone and related compounds. III. Quantitative
      relationships between structure and antiviral activity of isantin-beta-isothio
      semicarbazone against mengo virus].
AB  - The virostatic activity of isatin-beta-isothiosemicarbazones can be described
      quantitatively by hydrophobic, electronic, and steric substituent constants using
      multivariate regression analysis. A preceding Free-Wilson analysis allows data
      smoothening, and thus improved adaptation. Predictions made on the basis of the
      quantitative structure-action relationships obtained could be confirmed
      experimentally by synthesizing and testing the corresponding compounds.

PMID- 171887
TI  - [Reactions of the thymus gland and bursa of Fabricius to the administration of
      ACTH in ontogenic adrenal gland hypofunction].

PMID- 171891
TI  - On the influence of fructose-6-phosphate, ammonium, ATP and AMP on the
      conformation of the phosphofructokinase from rabbit muscle.
AB  - By means of circular dichroism measurements in the range from 210-240 nm and 250
      300 nm it is shown that conformational changes of the phosphofructokinase from
      rabbit muscle correlate with the action of effectors on the enzyme. The
      postulated active and inactive states differ in the secondary structure. Addition
      of activators causes a conformational change which is interpreted as the
      transition of the inactive into the active state. At 210-240 nm no reversion
      could be observed but at 250-300 nm there are some indications for at least
      partial reversion.

PMID- 171892
TI  - Serological analysis of an oncornavirus (PMF virus) detected in malignant
      permanent human cell lines.
AB  - Immunodiffusion analysis of the PMF virus which was detected in malignant
      permanent human cell lines revealed positive reactions with antisera against the
      Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV). No cross-reactivity was demonstrated with
      murine leukemia virus (MuLV), rat leukemia virus (RaLV), hamster leukemia virus
      (HaLV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), simian (woolly monkey) sarcoma virus (SSV
      1) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV). The cross-reactive antigens of the PMF
      virus and the MPMV are considered as evidence for the human origin of the PMF
      virus.

PMID- 171893
TI  - Protamine inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation in intact, cytochrome c
      depleted and restored mitochondria.
AB  - On the basis of polarographic data it is shown that protamine has a biphasic
      effect on the respiration of intact mitochondria. At lower protamine
      concentrations respiration is stimulated and this combined with a decrease of the
      respiratory control index; at higher ones respiration is inhibited and
      respiratory control is lost. In cytochrome c-depleted and restored mitochondria
      protamine effect on oxidative phosphorylation is only inhibitory. Increasing
      cytochrome c concentrations restore respiration in protamine-treated cytochrome c
      depleted mitochondria but not the respiratory control. Binding of cytochrome c to
      mitochondria is studied by determining from Scatchard plots the number of high
      affinity binding sites (n) and their stability constants (K). In absence of
      protamine in intact mitochondria n = 2.7 and K = 4.67-10(6) M-1; in cotochrome c
      depleted mitochondria n = 4.7 and K = 5.16-10(6) M-1. In both types of
      mitochondria protamine decreases significantly n as well as K. These data show
      that protamine may affect oxidative phosphorylation by causing desorption of
      cytochrome c from the inner mitochondrial membrane.

PMID- 171895
TI  - [The effect of preparative pancreatic digestion with collagenase on the glucose
      stimulated insulin secretion of isolated Langerhans islets].
AB  - Pancreatic islets of wistar rats, isolated after 15 min of digestion with
      collagenase, secreted insulin in response to 15.0 mM glucose within 2 min and
      showed the typical sigmoidal glucose response during an incubation time of 15 and
      60 min, respectively. Islets, isolated after 35 min of digestion with
      collagenase, responded with delay after stimulation with glucose (after 15 min of
      incubation), and are characterized by an increased "release" in the presence of
      2.5 mM glucose.

PMID- 171894
TI  - Perchloric acid-soluble proteins and protein-bound hexoses in serum and tissues
      of normal, hypo-and hyperthyroid rats.
AB  - The total content of perchloric acid-soluble proteins (PCA-SP) and protein-bound
      hexoses (PBH) were studied in blood serum and tissues (liver, kidney, lung,
      brain) of normal, hypo- and hyperthyroid rats. The results obtained indicate that
      the hyperthyroid state induced an increase in both PCA-SP and PBH in blood serum
      and studied tissue homogenates, and hypothyreosis causes a decrease of total
      glycoproteins content in all studied materials. The results were counted per 1 g
      of protein and in this way the nonspecific effect of thyroid hormones on the
      protein metabolism had no influence on the measurements.

PMID- 171896
TI  - Pseudomonas cytochrome c peroxidase XI. Kinetics of the peroxidatic oxidation of
      Pseudomonas respiratory chain components.
AB  - The steady state kinetics of cytochrome c peroxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      (PaCCP) has been studied by initial velocity techniques using several cytochromes
      c (550 and 555 P. aeruginosa; 551 P. fluorescens) and Pseudomonas azurin as
      electron donors and hydrogen peroxide as electron acceptor. From the initial
      velocity patterns a sequential mechanism with compulsory substrate-binding order
      is proposed for PaCCP. A comparative kinetic study of the peroxidatic oxidation
      of cytochrome c-551 (P. aeruginosa) by yeast cytochrome c peroxidase was made to
      evaluate the significance of electrostatic interactions in complex formation
      between the enzyme and substrates.

PMID- 171897
TI  - Subcutaneous mastectomy in 80 patients with breast tumours. Indications, surgical
      results and pathological findings.
AB  - Eighty patients were operated upon with subcutaneous mastectomy and
      reconstruction with prosthesis. Seventy operations were performed on both
      breasts. The indications used were carcinoma in situ in a previous biopsy,
      pronounced epithelial proliferations on at least two previous occasions or
      recurring fibrocystic disease after at least two previous biopsies. Since the
      autumn of 1971, the operation has been performed as a one-stage procedure and we
      have had few complications. The appearance of the breasts was evaluated at review
      3-60 months after operation. Most patients found the results acceptable or good.
      The mamilla always lost its sensibility, but the sensibility of the remaining
      skin of the breast sometimes returned with time. Most of the patients were well
      satisfied with the procedure and thought it better than any other sort of
      treatment. The tissues removed were thoroughly studied. Changes in the breasts
      were often bilateral and pronounced epithelial proliferation and carcinoma in
      situ were fairly common. Invasive carcinoma was found in 2 instances. The
      importance of the histologic examination of removed tissues is stressed. A
      regular follow-up of these patients is important for assessing the value and the
      risks of subcutaneous mastectomy.

PMID- 171898
TI  - Assessment of gonadotrophin secretion in women with anorexia nervosa.
AB  - The LH and FSH secretions in 21 patients with anorexia nervosa were assessed by
      radioimmunoassay. On a single iv injection of 100 mug LH-releasing hormone (LH
      RH), 8 patients showed LH response comparable to that of normal cyclic women in
      the follicular phase, and 5 patients showed excessive response. Although the
      remaining 8 patients showed almost no LH response, infusion of 400 mug LH-RH or
      daily im injections of LH-RH restored gonadotrophin responsiveness to LH-RH in
      all patients tested. The initial rise in LH during clomiphene citrate treatment
      was observed in 3 out of 5 patients, but the second peak of LH was found in only
      one patient. The initial suppression of LH following iv injection of conjugated
      oestrogen (Premarin) was observed in 9 out of 10 patients but a rebound increase
      comparable to that in normal cyclic women in the mid-follicular phase was found
      in only 3 patients. These results seem to suggest that impaired hypothalamic
      function is the cause of gonadotrophin deficiency and the resultant anovulation
      in most patients with anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 171900
TI  - Oestradiol receptor levels in the human fallopian tube during the menstrual
      cycle.
AB  - The levels of cytoplasmic high-affinity oestradiol receptor sites were determined
      in the isthmus, isthmus-ampulla, ampulla and fimbria of human Fallopian tubes
      obtained from 23 women during the proliferative and secretory phase of the
      menstrual cycle and after menopause. Each segment was homogenized in 0.25 M
      sucrose and fractionated by differential centrifugation into an 800 g X 15 min
      nuclear pellet and a 100,000 g X 1 h cytoplasmic supernatant and pellet. The
      nuclear and cytoplasmic pellets were extracted with 0.01 M Tris/HCl pH 8.0
      containing 0.25 M sucrose, 1 mM EDTA and 0.1 M KCl. The receptor levels were
      determined in the 100,000 g X 1 h supernatant (free receptors) and in the KCl
      extracts (bound receptors). Values are expressed per mug DNA. The concentration
      of receptors (total, free and bound) was significantly greater in the ampulla
      than in the isthmus in both phases of the menstrual cycle (P less than 0.001).
      The concentration of free receptors in the isthmus, isthmus-ampulla and ampulla
      obtained in the proliferative phase was not significantly different from that of
      the secretory phase. In the fimbria a significantly higher concentration (P less
      than 0.01) was observed in the proliferative phase. The bound receptors were
      significantly higher in all regions in the proliferative phase than in the
      secretory phase (P less than 0.01). As a consequence the concentration of total
      receptors was significantly greater along the tube in the proliferative phase (P
      less than 0.01). The levels of oestradiol in the nuclear pellet of each segment
      as measured by radioimmunoassay were significantly greater in the isthmic region
      (P less than 0.01) than in other regions of the tube. The inverse relationship
      between the concentration of oestradiol receptor sites and the nuclear levels of
      oestradiol along the Fallopian tube is discussed.

PMID- 171899
TI  - Human lymphocyte binding and deiodination of thyroid hormones in relation to
      thyroid function.
AB  - The human lymphocyte has been investigated regarding its function as a thyroid
      hormone target cell. Binding and deiodination of the thyroid hormones were
      determined after simultaneous incubation of 131I-labelled L-thyroxine (131I-T4)
      and 125I-labelled L-triiodothyronine (125I-T3) with lymphocytes from healthy
      subjects, from hyperthyroid and primary hypothyroid patients before and after
      treatment. The mean percentages of binding, 8.0 +/- 0.5 (mean +/- SEM) for 131I
      T4, and 9.7 +/- 0.4 for 125I-T3 in the control group, were increased in the
      hyperthyroids to 10.1 +/- 0.4 and 12.7 +/- 0.6 respectively, and in the
      hypothyroids to 10.9 +/- 0.7 and 12.8 +/- 0.6. All elevated values returned to
      normal with successful treatment. The mean percentage of deiodination, 12.0 +/-
      1.7 for 131I-T4, and 6.5 +/- 0.9 for 125I-T3 in the control group, showed a
      threefold increase in the hyperthyroid patients, to 35.9 +/- 3.2 and 20.2 +/- 1.9
      respectively and remained unaltered in the hypothyroid patients. The values of
      successfully treated hyperthyroid patients were normal and those of the treated
      hypothyroid patients below normal.

PMID- 171901
TI  - Hybridization of mouse leukemia virus c-DNA to mouse repeated DNA sequences.
AB  - Experiments of hybridization between mouse leukemia virus synthetic 3H-DNA probe
      and mouse main band and satellite DNAs indicate that there is not a higher
      concentration of viral sequences in the satellite DNA. On the contrary, viral
      sequences appear to be enriched in the fast renaturing intermediate main band
      DNA.

PMID- 171902
TI  - [Histochemical investigations on liver and kidney of the rat after intoxication
      with organophosphates (author's transl)].
AB  - Comparative histochemical investigations of the livers and kidneys of female
      Sprague-Dawley rats were made: 1. after intoxication with O-pinacolyl-methyl
      phosphonylfluoride (Soman), O,O-diethyl-O-p-nitrophenylphosphate (Paraoxon, E
      600); 2. after starvation of 24 to 36 h; 3. after hypoxia for 24 h. From the
      results it is concluded that the fatty degeneration of liver and kidney after PE.
      intoxication is caused by intracellular hypoxia. No fatty degeneration of the
      organs was observed following deprivation of food for 36 h. A decreased level of
      cholin which might be caused by the intoxication with PE., and which could be the
      reason for the fatty degeneration was not found. This was indicated by the
      unaltered evidence of phosphatids in the intoxicated animals.

PMID- 171903
TI  - [Histochemical and histological investigations on the vagina of the beagle she
      dog during various functional conditions (author's transl)].
AB  - Histotopochemistry and histology of vaginal epithelium in female beagles were
      studied during oestrus, metoestrus-dioestrus, post partum period and at days 20,
      30, 40, 50, 60 of pregnancy. During oestrus the epithelium is uniform throughout
      the whole vagina: it presents itself as a high, uncornified, stratified squamous
      epithelium with some glycogen and lipid droplets but devoid of leucocytes. The
      intercellular gaps of the stratum intermedium give strong reactions for ATPase
      and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of oxidoreductases studied decrease
      continuously from basal to apical. During gravidity, post partum period and
      metoestrus-dioestrus distinct morphological and histochemical differences can be
      stated between the cranial and caudal vaginal portions. Caudal vaginal epithelium
      outside oestrus remains of stratified squamous type. It exhibits strong
      mucification during pregnancy. The PAS-positive mucous substances prefer a
      position in the enlarged intercellular gaps of stratum intermedium and
      superficiale. During pregnancy the epithelium is relatively rich in acid and
      completely devoid of alkaline phosphatases. Outside oestrus the epithelium of the
      cranial vaginal region is a relatively flat, stratified columnar one and contains
      leucocytes with regularity. Also the cranial vaginal portion undergoes
      mucification during pregnancy with a maximum about day 33. The mucous material is
      situated intracellularly and not within the intercellular gaps. Further, larger
      intraepithelial mucus cysts are observed. Alkaline phosphatase is found during
      gravidity in the basal region and an adluminal border of the epithelium. The
      reactions for oxidoreductases are strongest in the columnar cell layer which
      shows more functional adaptations than the remainder of the epithelium.
      Histochemical tests for beta-D-glucuronidase and leucine aminopeptidase give
      negative results in the whole vagina during all different functional stages
      studied.

PMID- 171904
TI  - Histochemical study of metrial gland cells through the last week of pregnancy in
      the albino rat.
AB  - The metrial gland cells of the rat were studied from day 16 to 21 of pregnancy
      through enzyme histochemistry. The following enzyme activities were tested: 2
      carboxylic esterases, 4 phosphatases, 1 aminopeptidase and 10 dehydrogenases
      including 4 which are involved in steroid metabolism. Although acid phosphatase
      activity was strong in mesenchymal cells, it remained undetected in large,
      sometimes binucleate cells lining central and subplacental vessels of the
      mesometrial triangle. 5-Bromo-indoxyl acetate esterase was likewise absent from
      the parietal vascular cells of the central artery. The study of 6 enzyme
      activities, i.e., GPDH, 3-OU-BDH, G6PDH, 3-B-HSDH, primary and secondary alcohol
      dehydrogenases, allowed to conclude that metrial gland cells are actively
      involved in steroidogenesis and lipid catabolism. Maternal origin of this gland
      can be sustained with reference to the pattern of acid phosphatase, indoxyl
      esterase and some oxidoreductases II activities distribution which appears to be
      different from what is found in the trophospongium area.

PMID- 171905
TI  - The effect of ACTH and cortisone on the carbohydrate-protein complexes of
      different types of epithelium in relation to their embryological origin.
AB  - Using histochemical methods the authors studied the effect of ACTH and cortisone
      on carbohydrate-protein complexes of epithelial cells derived from 3 different
      germ layers. It has been shown that cortisone increased the intensity of PAS
      reaction in all types of the epithelium investigated. Changes in acid
      mucosubstances after treatment with cortisone were different. After the
      administration of ACTH the observed changes in epithelium were not parallel to
      the changes seen after treatment with cortisone.

PMID- 171906
TI  - [In vitro evaluation of antiviral inhibitors by means of a turbidity method
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The paper presents a photometric method for the determination of virus-induced
      alterations (cytopathogenic effects) of cells based on nephelometric analysis.
      These were taken at varying time intervals after infection and with different
      multiplicity of infection. It was demonstrated that suppression of virus-induced
      CPE by the known inhibitors could also be followed by turbidity measurements. The
      in vitro experiments were carried out in the 2 following virus-cell-systems:
      Pseudorabies virus in chick-embryo cells and Mengo virus in FL-cells,
      respectively. According to these studies the measurements were extended to other
      virus strains and inhibitors (antibiotics, chemicals, and antimetabolites). The
      results obtained confirm the applicability of the photometric method for the
      screening of antiviral drugs.

PMID- 171907
TI  - Enzyme histochemistry of undecalcified bone and cartilage embedded in glycol
      methacrylate.
AB  - Undecalcified bone and cartilage tissue blocks were fixed for 3 h in cold formol
      calcium, rapidly dehydrated with a graded series of cold ethanol, and embedded in
      glycol methacrylate. 2 mum sections were produced with a Sorvall JB-4 microtome
      using glass knives. The quality of the sections were usually excellent except for
      hard bone from old subjects where the bone sometimes shattered while sectioning.
      This method is short, relatively uninvolved and eliminates en bloc
      decalcification. Moreover, the method is gentle enough to allow the histochemical
      demonstration of alkaline and acid phosphatase by the azo dye methods, and acid
      phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase by the lead precipitation methods.

PMID- 171908
TI  - Renal transplantation in children.
AB  - From July 1967 to September 1974, 26 kidney transplantations were carried out in
      16 children aged 6 to 17 years, in Gotherburg. The average age at the primary
      transplantation was 12 years and average body weight 29.7 kg. Five patients had
      familial juvenile nephronophthisis, 5 chronic glomerulonephritis, 5 chronic
      pyelonephritis, and one bilateral Wilms's tumour. Four patients were predialytic.
      Fourteen grafts came from living related donors. The surgical technique was
      standard as was the immunosuppression with azathioprine and cortisone;
      exceptionally antilymphocyte globulin was used. Thirteen patients were alive in
      September 1974, observed 2-65 months, 8 with a normal serum creatinine, 3 with
      moderately elevated serum creatinine, and 2 on hemodialysis. The 6- and 12-month
      survivals of patients are 100% and 93% respectively. Normal growth and full
      rehabilitation in recipients of functioning grafts make renal transplantation
      justified as a therapeutic procedure in terminally uremic children.

PMID- 171909
TI  - The long-term effects of protein energy malnutrition in early childhood on bone
      age, bone cortical thickness and height.
AB  - Three groups of Ugandan children, 18 in each group, and one comparison group of
      18 children were examined at 11-17 years of age. The three groups had previously
      been admitted for treatment of protein energy malnutrition between the ages of 8
      to 15, 16 to 21 and 22 to 27 months respectively. The comparison group had not
      been clinically malnourished throughout the period up to 27 months of age. The
      children came from one tribe and from similar socio-economic background, and were
      individually matched on age and sex. The bone age was estimated by hand wrist
      radiography scored for maturity by the Tanner & Whitehouse method. The metacarpal
      index, a ratio derived from the medullary width and full diameter of the mid
      point of the second metacarpal, was used as a measure of bone cortical thickness.
      The three malnourished groups are significantly shorter in height than the
      comparison group, but are not different in bone age and metacarpal index. No
      differences are observed between the three groups of children who had been
      admitted for protein energy malnutrition at different ages. The findings are
      discussed as they relate to the existing literature.

PMID- 171910
TI  - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, benign hepatomas, oral contraceptives and
      other drugs affecting the liver.
AB  - Due to the claim of an association between focal nodular hyperplasia of the
      liver, benign hepatomas and oral contraceptives, the files in the departments of
      pathology at the university hospitals in Lund and Malmo were examined for these
      two diagnoses made since 1945 and 1957, respectively. 26 cases of focal nodular
      hyperplasia of the liver and 7 benign hepatomas were found, 18 and 2,
      respectively, in women. Since 1963, the year before oral contraceptives were
      introduced in Sweden, focal nodular hyperplasia has been diagnosed in 8 women in
      the reproductive period of life; 4 of these had taken oral contraceptives. The 4
      diagnoses were established in 1972-1974. At most, 25 per cent of Swedish females
      between the ages of 15 and 44 years have been on oral contraceptives. The Swedish
      series of 28 patients with focal nodular hyperplasia comprised 3 epileptics and 3
      diabetics. At least two of the epileptics had been treated with barbiturates
      and/or hydantoins. The prevalence of drug-treated epilepsy in Sweden is 0.4-0.5
      per cent, and of diabetes about 2 per cent. The possible aetiological role of
      drugs provoking an increase of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of the
      liver and proliferation of vascular fibrous tissue in a part of the liver which
      preveiously may have been damaged by vascular disturbances or trauma, is
      considered. No relationship between benign hepatomas and drugs was found. The
      observations support the notion that oral contraceptives may be of aetiological
      importance in the development of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, although
      the material is too small for epidemiological and statistical analysis.

PMID- 171911
TI  - The effect of angiotensin infusion, sodium loading and sodium restriction on the
      renal and cardiac adrenergic nerves.
AB  - The renal and cardiac adrenergic nerve patterns in rats infused with large and
      small amounts of angiotensin and in rats given NaCl plus DOCA, NaCl alone, and
      salt-free diets were examined by the histochemical fluorescence method. Infusion
      of small amounts of angiotensin led to a persistent blood pressure elevation
      whereas infusion of large amounts of angiotensin resulted in a transient rise in
      blood pressure, probably due to the development of tachyphylaxis. Nerve patterns
      were found to be normal in angiotensin-infused rats and in rats given NaCl. In
      rats given NaCl plus DOCA and in rats subjected to salt restriction, a partial or
      complete disappearance of the transmitter of the adrenergic nerve terminals were
      recorded. The findings suggest that angiotensin in itself is incapable of
      inducing visible alterations in the transmitter content of the terminals. The
      findings agree with the view that angiotensin potentiates a norepinephrine
      depletion of the terminals during sympathetic activity, since it can be assumed
      that increased plasma angiotensin levels as well as various degrees of increased
      sympathetic tonus were present in the rats subjected to salt restriction. The
      similar effect on the nerve terminals produced by the combined NaCl and DOCA
      administration is consistent with earlier reports of an increased turnover of
      norepinephrine in animals thus treated.

PMID- 171912
TI  - Histology of the human corpus luteum of early and late pregnancy.
AB  - The aim of this investigation has been to examine which histological parameters
      are of value in the age determination of the corpus luteum of pregnancy. The
      material comprises representative ovarian biopsies from 16 women from the 10th
      through 42nd week of gestation. The following histological parameters have been
      found useful for the age determination of the corpus luteum: 1) the size of the
      granulosa cells; 2) the number of K-cells, vacuoles and colloid inclusions in the
      granulosa cell layer; 3) the size of the theca interna cells; (4) the size of the
      vessels in the theca interna. Futhermore, the differentiation of the corpus
      luteum of pregnancy from the corpus luteum of menstruation is described, and some
      indications for a histological age determination of the corpus luteum of
      pregnancy are mentioned.

PMID- 171913
TI  - Different effects on renal and submaxillary renin release after blockade of the
      renin system in mice.
AB  - Ingibition of the angiotensin I converting enzyme with SQ 20,881 results in a
      rapid marked increase in plasma renin concentration in mice. The maximum effect
      is short-lasting, but the values are still elevated 2 hours after the injection,
      the time course being similar to that previously found in rats. The relative
      increase is the same in normal and sialo-adenectomized mice. The plasma renin
      concentration of nephrectomized mice with their submaxillary glands intact is,
      however, totally uninfluenced by injection of the blocker. This finding indicates
      that renin release from the submaxillary glands is not controlled by the plasma
      angiotensin II concentration as is that of the renin release from the kidneys.

PMID- 171914
TI  - Ethanol induced alteration of microsomal membrane bound enzymes of rat liver in
      vitro.

PMID- 171915
TI  - Effect of treatment of rats with some chemical carcinogens on the stimulatory
      effect of adrenaline on cyclic AMP accumulation in liver slices.

PMID- 171916
TI  - Studies of some twitch and fatigue properties of different motor unit types in
      the ankle muscles of the adult cat.
AB  - Contractile responses of motor units in the gastrocnemius, soleus and pretibial
      flexor muscles of adult cats were elicited by intracellular stimulation of
      motoneurones. The motor units were classified into types FF, FR and S (Burke et
      al. 1971) and their responses to the same stimulation patterns as those used in a
      previous investigation of whole muscles (Hammarberg and Kellerth 1975 a) were
      studied. The duration of motoneurone afterhyperpolarization was short in both the
      fast twitch FF and FR units; it was longer in the soleus S units than in the S
      units of the pale muscles. Twitch time-to-peak was less than 30 ms in the FF and
      FR units, but exceeded 40 ms in the S units. Soleus S units were slower than S
      units of the pale muscles. Potentiation was observed in the gastrocnemius units,
      but not in the soleus S units. A short rest allowed fatigued extensor units of
      the FF and FR types to regain some contractile strength. This was less evident in
      the S units which, on the other hand, were extremely resistant to fatigue.
      Differences in response patterns between corresponding motor unit types of the
      flexor and extensor muscles were observed. A few fast twitch units were
      identified in the slow soleus muscle.

PMID- 171917
TI  - Liver, lung and malignant disease in heterozygous (Pi MZ) alpha1-antitrypsin
      deficiency.
AB  - Theoccurrence of PAS-positive, diastase-resistant, inclusion bodies in
      hepatocytes has been used as a marker of heterozygous (Pi MZ) alpha1-antitrypsin
      deficiency in order to study the frequency of lung, liver and malignant disease
      in a consecutive autopsy material from a well defined population. Typical PAS
      positive inclusion bodies were found in the liver in 26 (3.7%) of the 700 cases
      studied. In these 26 subjects both liver (cirrhosis or fibrosis) and lung disease
      (emphysema) were significantly more prevalent (p less than 0.001) than among PAS
      negative controls. The prevalence of malignant disease did not differ between the
      groups. The results are consistent with the concept that heterozygous (Pi MZ)
      alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency predisposes to both liver and lung disease but does
      not influence the survival rate.

PMID- 171919
TI  - A rapid screening test for Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - A combination test consisting of two parts, a single dose of dexamethasone and a
      (1-24) ACTH injection, has been used for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. The
      test was performed by administering 1 mg dexamethasone orally at 11 p.m. on the
      first day and 25 IU synthetic ACTH i.v. at 8 a.m. on the second day. Plasma
      cortisol was determined at 8 a.m. on the first and second day and 1-1/2 and 2
      hours after the ACTH injection. The test was performed in 33 patients with
      Cushing's syndrome and in 114 controls without adrenal disease. After
      dexamethasone administration alone, cortisol values frequently overlapped between
      patients with Cushing's syndrome and controls. The validity of the test was
      considerably improved by adding ACTH stimulation. The test procedure is
      recommended as a screening test for Cushing's syndrome in ambulatory practice.

PMID- 171918
TI  - Lp(alpha) lipoprotein and pre-beta1-lipoprotein in relation to lipid levels in
      males.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that a slow-moving pre-beta-lipoprotein fraction,
      named the pre-beta1-lipoprotein, occurred significantly more frequently among
      subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD) than among healthy individuals. This
      lipoprotein is closely related to, and probably identical with, the Lp(a)
      lipoprotein. Immunological tests likewise showed that Lp(a) lipoprotein was
      significantly more common among patients with CHD than among controls. Mean
      cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in pre-beta1-lipoprotein positive
      than in pre-beta1-lipoprotein negative individuals. Lp(a+) individuals tended to
      have higher serum cholesterol values than did Lp(a-) persons but there was no
      difference in the mean triglyceride value. This apparent discrepancy seems to be
      due to the presence in occasional sera of lipoprotein fractions with pre-beta1
      mobility, usually of a VLDL nature. These lipoproteins are not associated with
      the Lp(a) lipoprotein.

PMID- 171920
TI  - Effects of electrical stimulation of the mesencephalon and diencephalon on the
      paradoxical phase of sleep.
AB  - During paradoxical sleep electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular
      formation and emotiogenic structures in the mesencephalon and diencephalon
      produced depression or an increase in the theta rhythm of the hippocampal and
      entorhinal electrical activity. However, stimulation not involving behavioral
      arousal did not cause a transition from paradoxical phase into slow wave sleep.
      The cessation of stimulation restored the normal structure of the paradoxical
      phase. Stimulation of the reticular formation causing the depression of the
      hippocampal and entorhinal theta rhythm without behavioral arousal did not affect
      duration of the paradoxical phase, which was shortened, however, by electrical
      stimulation of the emotiogenic structures evoking an increase in the hippocampal
      and entorhinal theta rhythms. Stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamus or septum
      (during wakefulness inhibiting motivational behavior and emotional stress) caused
      transition from the paradoxical into slow wave sleep. This is probably caused by
      a decrease in emotiogenic stress, which during the paradoxical phase is usually
      on a high level.

PMID- 171921
TI  - Proceedings: Dorsal column and transcutaneous electrical stimulation for
      intractable pain.

PMID- 171922
TI  - Proceedings: What does the anatomical organization of the cerebrocerebellar
      connections tell us about their function and clinical importance?

PMID- 171923
TI  - Proceedings: Glioblastoma multiforme with extracranial metastasis in children.

PMID- 171924
TI  - Proceedings: Electromyography and electroneurography for medico-legal purposes in
      cases of peripheral nerve lesions.

PMID- 171926
TI  - The interaction of cyclic nucleotides and calcium in the control of cellular
      activity.

PMID- 171925
TI  - The microbial production of nucleic acid-related compounds.

PMID- 171927
TI  - The role of cyclic AMP in gonadal function.

PMID- 171929
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides in cultured cells.

PMID- 171928
TI  - Cyclic AMP and the physiology of the islets of Langerhans.

PMID- 171930
TI  - Cyclic AMP and adrenocortical function.

PMID- 171931
TI  - Effects of viruses on immune response.

PMID- 171932
TI  - Recent advances in steroid therapy.

PMID- 171934
TI  - [Heterogeneity of P-I and P-II in corneal collagenases (author's transl)].

PMID- 171933
TI  - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in parenchymal kidney disease.

PMID- 171935
TI  - Vaccination experiments against transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of swine.
      III. The virus-neutralizing titre of vaccinated sows' milk and its persistence
      during the lactation period.

PMID- 171936
TI  - Vaccination experiments against transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of swine. IV.
      The titre and persistence of virus-neutralizing antibodies in the sera of sows
      vaccinated once or twice at different intervals.

PMID- 171937
TI  - Experimental infection of lambs with an adenovirus isolated from sheep and
      related to bovine adenovirus type 2. I. Virological studies.

PMID- 171938
TI  - Coronary insufficiency in children. Coronary arteriographic studies in two
      siblings from a family with hyperbetalipoproteinemia.
AB  - A family affected with hyperbetalipoproteinemia was studied. Two siblings, a boy
      11 and a girl 9 years of age, with characteristic findings of homozygous type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia are described. The highly atherogenetic nature of this
      disorder is illustrated by the occurrence of progressive coronary atheromatosis
      in the boy, in whom two coronary arteriographic studies documented the
      development of progressive obstruction of two coronary arteries in the course of
      2 years. During this interval angina pectoris developed followed by myocardial
      infarction, cardiomegaly and congestive heart failure. The sister has remained
      asymptomatic, with apparently normal coronary arteries at age 9 years.
      Phonocardiograms were suggestive of aortic valve involvement although no aortic
      valve gradient was demonstrated by cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 171939
TI  - Autonomic nervous cardiovascular regulation in borderline hypertension.
AB  - Borderline hypertension attracts investigative interest since it is an early
      predictor of established hypertension and its sequelae. This condition offers the
      opportunity of studying arterial hypertension at its inception, before the
      development of secondary pressure-related changes. A number of abnormalities of
      the circulation have been described in borderline hypertension. The peripheral
      resistance is either elevated or inappropriately adjusted to the prevailing
      increased cardiac output and blood flow. Cardiac output, heart rate and stroke
      volume are elevated in a proportion of patients. Decreased plasma volume,
      enhanced pressor responsiveness and elevated plasma renin activity have also been
      noted. All these changes could hypothetically be explained by a neurogenic
      mechanism. Although the experimental evidence supporting a neurogenic origin of
      borderline hypertension is incomplete and often indirect, most findings point
      toward an abnormal autonomic control of the circulation in this disorder. It is
      postulated that in a subgroup of patients with borderline hypertension a
      neurogenic mechanism is in fact operative. There is a need for further
      characterization of this category of borderline hypertension and for description
      of its natural history, particularly in relation to the possible subsequent
      development of essential hypertension.

PMID- 171941
TI  - Hemiatrophy and hemiparesis in a patient with congenital cytomegalovirus
      infection.
AB  - A 3-year-old girl with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been
      followed up since birth. Hemiatrophy and hemiparesis occurred at 9 months of age.
      These unusual sequels of congenital CMV infection should encourage physicians to
      do longitudinal studies on infants with congenital CMV infection, as well as to
      examine children with hemiatrophy and hemiparesis for CMV infection.

PMID- 171940
TI  - Application of adrenocorticotropin assays in a routine clinical laboratory.
AB  - The radioimmunoassay of ACTH was used in a routine laboratory to localize the
      site of the lesion in 20 patients with Cushing's syndrome. Eight of the patients
      had no detectable circulating ACTH and had adrenal tumors removed, 12 had high
      levels and were diagnosed as having pituitary Cushing's syndrome. Very high
      levels of plasma ACTH were found in eight patients who had primary adrenal
      insufficiency, while ACTH was undetectable in ten patients with secondary
      hypoadrenalism. The routine use of this assay in endocrinology should reduce the
      hospitalization of patients under investigation for disorders of the pituitary-
      adrenal axis. Eight patients who had the ectopic ACTH syndrome and carcinoma of
      the lung were found to have very high levels of ACTH with no diurnal variation.
      Forty-seven patients with oat-cell carcinoma but without evidence of the ectopic
      ACTH syndrome had normal ACTH levels. A possible role of ACTH and other peptide
      hormones as tumor markers is mentioned.

PMID- 171942
TI  - Pseudohypoparathyroidism with normal serum calcium level.
AB  - A mildly obese 15-year-old boy had short stature with rounded facies and short,
      stubby hands and toes. He had the fully expressed syndrome of
      pseudohypoparathyroidism but was the only member of his family who had all the
      somatic characteristics of this disease. The serum parathyroid hormone level was
      substantially elevated. Urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and
      phosphate failed to increase following intravenous infusion of parathyroid
      hormone. However, he did not have hypocalcemia. The present entity is probably a
      transient form of pseudohypoparathyroidism with partial responsiveness of
      skeletal adenyl cyclase to parathyroid hormone.

PMID- 171943
TI  - Abdominal ultrasonography in pediatrics.

PMID- 171944
TI  - Widespread calcified metastases from adenocarcinoma of the jejunum.

PMID- 171945
TI  - Paraquat poisoning: manifestations and therapy.

PMID- 171947
TI  - Necrotizing pneumonia and empyema due to Clostridium perfringens. Report of a
      case and review of the literature.
AB  - Clostridia are rare causes of pleuropulmonary infections in the absence of
      penetrating chest injuries; only 10 previous cases have been reported from
      civilian practice. An additional case of a rapidly progressive, necrotizing
      pneumonia and empyema is reported. Clostridial pneumonia is more likely to occur
      in patients with underlying pleuropulmonary disease. Unlike clostridial
      myonecrosis, it is rarely associated with toxemia; its mortality rate is
      comparable to that of nonclostridial pleuropulmonary infections. Appropriate
      antimicrobial therapy with surgical drainage of the empyema is the treatment of
      choice. Among the cases reviewed, an iatrogenic cause of infection involving an
      invasive procedure into the pleural cavity could be identified in seven of 11
      cases. Aspiration of oropharyngeal contents was the likely route of infection in
      three other cases. In the remaining case, bacteremic seeding of the pleural
      cavity was the most probable mode of infection.

PMID- 171946
TI  - Joint effusions, chondrocalcinosis and other rheumatic manifestations in
      hypothyroidism. A clinicopathologic study.
AB  - Twelve patients with severe hypothyroidism and rheumatic signs and symptoms were
      studied before or within four days of receiving thyroid replacement therapy.
      Eight patients had synovial effusions. Seven effusions were extremely viscous and
      six contained calcium pyrophosphate crystals. Leukocyte counts were less than
      1,000/mm3, except in two patients during crystal-induced synovitis. "Bulge signs"
      were present but often sluggish, possibly because of the viscosity of the fluid.
      Flexor tendon sheath thickening, joint laxity and popliteal cysts were
      documented. All patients complained of generalized stiffness and two had proximal
      myopathy. Roentgenograms were obtained in 11 patients, and chondrocalcinosis was
      identified in seven. Needle synovial biopsy specimens in five patients showed
      only mild inflammation in the thick synovium. These findings can suggest
      hypothyroidism, a treatable disease, as the cause of musculoskeletal problems.

PMID- 171948
TI  - Atypical adrenal insufficiency with failure of the pituitary feedback receptor. A
      case with associated diabetes mellitus and selective IgA deficiency with
      steatorrhea.
AB  - A 59 year old woman with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and chronic diarrhea
      was found to have mild steatorrhea, selective plasma IgA deficiency and adrenal
      insufficiency. Significant adrenal secretion of corticosteroids resulted only
      after prolonged stimulation with large doses of exogenous ACTH. Plasma ACTH
      levels were not elevated during clinical adrenal insufficiency or after
      metyrapone administration but did respond normally to vasopressin and insulin
      induced hypoglycemia. These studies were interpreted as showing both primary
      adrenal insufficiency and impaired pituitary reserve for ACTH secretion in
      response to the feedback stimulus. No deficiency was found in secretion of other
      pituitary tropic hormones. Jejunal biopsy showed a lack of IgA-containing plasma
      cells. With cortisone replacement, diarrhea subsided and a malabsorption pattern
      on a film of the small bowel was no longer seen. IgA deficiency has been noted
      frequently with steatorrhea but rarely with diabetes and only once previously
      with adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 171949
TI  - Viral hepatitis: a pathologic spectrum.
AB  - Acute viral hepatitis has several identifiable morphologic components but the
      major categories are (1) cytopathic, (2) inflammatory, and (3) regenerative. Each
      category has independently variable characteristics. Extreme alterations related
      to severity of disease, alteration of immune response, or pre-existing liver
      disease may result in diagnostic difficulties for the pathologist. In contrast to
      the usual concept, patients who survive fulminant viral hepatitis rarely, if
      ever, develop cirrhosis and those who have severe hepatic necrosis from hepatitis
      also do not usually develop serious sequelae of that disease except in the older
      age group where the difficulty is in impaired regeneration (IR). The usual
      criteria for the diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis or chronic aggressive
      hepatitis need a thorough review since many of the variations of acute viral
      hepatitis result in histologic patterns that might be considered to be chronic
      aggressive hepatitis using the previous definitions; yet such patients recover
      without developing chronic liver disease. Chronic active hepatitis, a progressive
      hepatic disorder, is characterized by changes in the distribution of necrosis and
      regeneration within the lobule from that usually observed in acute viral
      hepatitis. Persistent viral hepatitis, a development in 10 to 12 per cent of
      adult patients after icteric acute disease, is characterized by a "cobblestone"
      hepatocellular change that resembles continued regeneration, focal
      hepatocytolysis, and often portal lymphoid hyperplasia. Apparently with time,
      these histologic features fade and the incidence, in type B PVH, of "ground
      glass" HBs Ag laden cells increases. This may reflect a continued adaptation of
      host and virus to one another.

PMID- 171950
TI  - Viral hepatitis on the threshold of control.

PMID- 171951
TI  - Persistent HB antigenemia: associated clinical manifestations and hepatic
      lesions.
AB  - The clinical, biochemical and histological features in nine asymptomatic HBs Ag
      carriers, 15 patients with symptomatic HBs Ag-positive chronic active hepatitis
      (CAH), and 29 patients with HBs antigenemia persistent for five months or longer
      following a documented attack of acute viral hepatitis were compared, and
      contrasted with those in 67 patients with HBs Ag-negative CAH. The findings were
      remarkably similar in all groups. However, young males predominated in all three
      HBs Ag-positive groups, whereas most HBs Ag-negative cases of CAH were in middle
      aged women. Moreover, in the latter group, the lesions tended to be more
      extensive and more commonly were accompanied by smooth muscle antibody,
      antinuclear antibody and LE cells, and extrahepatic manifestations, such as
      ulcerative colitis, arthritis, pleurisy and pericarditis.

PMID- 171952
TI  - Discussion. Viral hepatitis: the disease.

PMID- 171953
TI  - Hepatitis in marmosets.
AB  - Some species of marmosets are susceptible, not only by parenteral inoculation but
      also by oral exposure, to human hepatitis A virus present in sera or feces. The
      stools of animals inoculated parenterally or orally contained fecal antigen
      during certain times of the incubation period and the early, acute phase of the
      disease; viruslike particles were present in feces of orally infected animals and
      such feces were infectious when inoculated into marmosets. The fecal antigen
      crossreacted both with the fecal virus particles and the immune-adherence antigen
      (see also papers by Purcell et al and Hilleman et al). The MS-1 and CR-326
      strains of hepatitis A appeared antigenically similar or identical whereas the GB
      strain was antigenically different and may be associated with the recently
      defined type of hepatitis termed hepatitis C or hepatitis non-A/non-B. On
      repeated challenge hyperegic responses with diffuse liver cell necrosis occurred
      in some immune animals and this phenomenon must be taken into account in any
      future vaccination studies.

PMID- 171954
TI  - Review of infectivity studies in nonhuman primates with virus-like particles
      associated with MS-1 hepatitis.
AB  - Using the technique of immune electron microscopy we have conducted hepatitis A
      infectivity studies in marmoset monkeys and chimpanzees. Marmosets inoculated
      with human serum containing the MS-1 strain of hepatitis A virus have developed
      hepatitis and seroconverted to 27 nm virus-like particles isolated from stools of
      humans in the early acute stages of hepatitis. Similar results have been observed
      through several marmoset subpassages, and the virus-like particles have been
      recovered from the liver of animals in the acute phase of hepatitis. Chimpanzees
      inoculated with stool filtrates containing the virus-like particles develop
      hepatitis with concomitant excretion of the particles in early acute phase stools
      and subsequent development of serum antibody to the particles. These studies
      provide evidence that the above particles constitute the virus of hepatitis A of
      the MS-1 prototype.

PMID- 171955
TI  - Biophysical and biochemical properties of CR326 human hepatitis A virus.
AB  - CR326 human hepatitis A virus purified by isopycnic banding from infected
      marmoset sera was shown to consist of 27 mmu spherical particles on electron
      microscopic examination. The particles were identified as hepatitis A virus by
      tests by infectivity and by specific neutralization of infectivity with
      convalescent human hepatitis A serum. Also, identical 27 mmu viruses in liver
      extracts gave specific reactions with hepatitis A antisera when tested by immune
      electron microscopy. The buoyant density of the virus in CsCl was 1.34 and it was
      heat (60 C), ether, and acid stable but was destroyed by heat (100 C), formalin
      (1:4000), and ultraviolet irradiation. Electron microscopic studies of sections
      of infected marmoset liver showed intracytoplasmic virus particles, usually in
      vesicles. Presumptive findings for RNA, together with the intracytoplasmic
      location of the virus, indicated the virus to be of RNA-type. The attributes of
      the virus indicate it is closely related to the enterovirus family and not to
      hepatitis B virus.

PMID- 171956
TI  - Viral hepatitis: clinical aspects.
AB  - In the majority of instances acute viral hepatitis resolves totally without
      sequelae. Fulminant hepatitis is a highly lethal lesion but 20 to 25 per cent of
      patients, principally young patients, survive. Survivors do not appear to develop
      chronic liver disease. Persistent viral hepatitis follows acute icteric
      hepatitis, both type B and non-B, in 10 to 12 per cent of patients. Six long-term
      HBs Ag carriers demonstrated HBs Ag clearance after 14-73 months. Chronic active
      viral hepatitis often progresses to cirrhosis. This progressive hepatitis
      appeared as a sequelae of acute icteric type B hepatitis in 3 per cent of 429
      patients. In patients with chronic active type B hepatitis, low titers of HBs Ag
      are common.

PMID- 171957
TI  - Discussion. Viral hepatitis: the agents (hepatitis A virus).

PMID- 171958
TI  - Adult cytomegalovirus inclusion retino-uveitis.
AB  - A 27-year-old male renal transplant recipient acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV)
      infection of both eyes. This was characterized early by a distinctive necrotic
      retinitis with discrete advancing edges. A large exudative retinal detachment and
      hypopyon developed in one eye, and cultures from the anterior chamber aspirate
      grew CMV. Cytomegalovirus was also isolated from the urine and throat; after
      serial negative base-line titers, CMV antibody titer became positive. At autopsy
      CMV was isolated from lung, esophagus, and kidney tissue. Light and electron
      microscopic studies demonstrated extensive necrosis and disruption of the sensory
      retina and retinal pigment epithelium with exudative retinal detachments. The
      diseased retinal cells contained a multiplicity of viral particles in various
      stages of maturity. Cytomegalic inclusion-bearing cells were demonstrated in the
      choroid of the more severely affected eye.

PMID- 171959
TI  - Cytomegalovirus in tears from patients with normal eyes and with acute
      cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis.
AB  - Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was recovered from the tears in eight of 41 (19.5%)
      children excreting CMV in their urine or saliva. Tear excretors were all
      immunosuppressed children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Three had active CMV
      chorioretinitis and five did not develop retinal disease in nine to 15 months of
      observation. To our knowledge this was the first report of the recovery of CMV
      from tears and of acquired CMV chorioretinitis in children. One patient with
      active chorioretinitis presented with a disciform elevation of the macula.
      Therapy with adenine arabinoside (ara-A) or idoxuridine was ineffective in two
      patients while a third patient treated with ara-Apossibly had a more rapid
      recovery. However, the significance is uncertain due to the unusual disease
      presentation and lack of data regarding the nature of cytomegalic inclusion
      disease chorioretinitis. Areas of retinal calcification were present at autopsy
      in one patient.

PMID- 171960
TI  - Neurologic complications with elevated antibody titer after acute hemorrhagic
      conjunctivitis.
AB  - Nine patients with polyradiculomyeloneuropathy after acute hemorrhagic
      conjunctivitis (AHC) infection were studied serologically. All except one patient
      had neutralization titers larger than or equal to 1:16 against the prototype
      J670/71 strain of AHC virus in at least one of their serum samples. The
      development of a significant fourfold rise in antibody titer against AHC virus
      occurred in one of the patients who developed neurologic complications five days
      after the onset of AHC infection.

PMID- 171961
TI  - Daily living group: focus on transition from hospital to community.
AB  - A group (Daily Living Group) that prepares patients for discharge from a
      psychiatric hospital was formulated to provide patients with information on
      activities essential for their integration into the outside community. The
      information included the use of support systems in the hospital setting to aid in
      bridging the gap between hospital and community, as well as emphasis on the
      patients' leisure interests, community resources, and environment outside the
      hospital. The group then gave the patients the opportunity to apply what they
      learned, that is, practical experience in working through their problems.
      Patients with an investment in making behavioral changes responded well, but
      those with no investment lowered the morale of the group when coerced into
      attending.

PMID- 171963
TI  - Effect of Ca++ on renal handling of PO4 identical to: evidence for two
      reabsorptive mechanisms.
AB  - The effect of hypercalcemia on renal handling of phosphorus was studied in
      parathyroidectomized rats during 1) extracellular volume expansion with normal
      saline (0.1 mg/100 g per min) and 2) parathyroid extract infusion (1 U/100 g per
      h). Hypercalcemia (serum calcium 12-15 mg/100 ml) blunted the phosphaturic
      response to volume expansion, both when serum calcium was raised acutely during
      volume expansion and when volume expansion was induced in rats with sustained
      hypercalcemia. These changes were not associated with significant variations in
      glomerular filtration rate and serum concentration of phosphorus. Hypercalcemia
      failed to alter the phosphaturic response and the increase in urinary cyclic AMP
      excretion following both continuous infusion and a single injection of
      parathyroid extract. These results are consistent with two components of tubular
      reabsorption of phosphorus. The first is suppressed by extracellular volume
      expansion and stimulated by hypercalcemia. The second is suppressed by
      parathyroid hormone and is not affected by hypercalcemia.

PMID- 171962
TI  - An experimental mouse testicular teratoma as a model for neuroepithelial
      neoplasia and differentiation. II. Electron microscopy.
AB  - The electron microscopic features of the stages of divergent neuroepithelial
      differentiation in the solid implants of a transplantable mouse testicular
      teratoma (OTT-6050) are presented and compared to the sequential stages of
      cytogenesis that have been described in the developing avian and mammalian
      central nervous system. Primitive neuroepithelial tumor cells showed the features
      of undifferentiated multipotential matrix (or ventricular) cells of the neural
      tube. They formed primitive medullary rosettes, from which various transitions
      were traced to more differentiated, cilia-containing ependymoblastomatous
      rosettes; the transitional features included increased granular endoplasmic
      reticulum and microvilli formation. Glial differentiation was characterized by
      the presence of mature ependymal rosettes and of astrocytes containing glial
      filaments. Neuronal differentiation included the development of synapses and the
      presence of dense-core vesicles in nerve cell processes. No intermediate cell
      forms were found that suggested multiple lines of differentiation occurring
      within a single cell.

PMID- 171965
TI  - Dreams and dreaming: the current state of the art.

PMID- 171964
TI  - Effect of 25(OH)vitamin D3 on urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate.
AB  - To further evaluate the effect of 25(OH)vitamin D3 (25(OH)vit D3) on renal
      handling of phosphorus, fractional excretion of phosphorus (CP/CIn) and urinary
      excretion of cyclic AMP (UcAMP) were measured in the following groups of animals:
      1) intact rats receiving intravenously 25(OH)vit D3. 2a) Parathyroidectomized
      (PTX) rats receiving a continuous infusion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). 2b) PTX
      rats undergoing continuous infusion of PTH and receiving intravenously 25(OH)vit
      D3. In group 1 a decrease in CP/CIn from a control value of 0.210 +/- 0.064
      (kappa +/- SE) to 0.052 +/- 0.017 (P less than 0.001) during 25(OH)vit D3
      infusion was associated with a corresponding decrease in UcAMP from 182 +/- 18 to
      87 +/- 8 pmol/min (P less than 0.001). In group 2a an increase in CP/CIn from a
      control value of 0.031 +/- 0.014 to 0.365 +/- 0.017 during PTH infusion was
      associated with a corresponding increase in UcAMP from 76 +/- 17 to 330 +/- 51
      pmol/min (P less than 0.001). In group 2b a decrease in CP/CIn from 0.365 +/-
      0.017 to 0.256 +/- 0.011 (P less than 0.01) during 25(OH)vit D3 infusion was
      associated with a decrease in UcAMP from 356 +/- 63 to 191 +/- 33 pmol/min (P
      less than 0.01). These results indicate that the blunting of the phosphaturic
      response to PTH by 25(OH)vit D3 is associated with a decrease in UcAMP. This
      observation suggests that the mechanism underlying the enhanced tubular
      reabsorption of phosphorus is inhibition of the PTH-induced activation of
      adenylate cyclase in the kidney.

PMID- 171966
TI  - Linitis plastica in a 16-year-old.

PMID- 171967
TI  - [Adenosine monophosphate (AMPc), general considerations and its implications in
      certain allergic disorders].

PMID- 171968
TI  - A practical design of an elution system for preparative electrophoresis in
      polyacrylamide gel.

PMID- 171969
TI  - Methods for obtaining peptide maps of proteins on a subnanomole scale.

PMID- 171970
TI  - Colorimetric determination of inorganic pyrophosphate by a manual or automated
      method.

PMID- 171972
TI  - Fractionation of rat fibroblasts in a zonal rotor by means of a viscosity
      barrier.

PMID- 171971
TI  - A convenient erythrocyte membrane cyclic AMP binding assay.

PMID- 171973
TI  - A new, rapid, and sensitive assay for adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate (APS) kinase.

PMID- 171974
TI  - A rapid sensitive collagenase assay.

PMID- 171975
TI  - The fine structure of the urinary bladder epithelium in the hartebeest,
      Alcelaphus buselaphus cokii and the Masai giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis
      tippelskirchi.
AB  - The microscopic anatomy and ultrastructure of the urinary bladder epithelium are
      described in the giraffe and the hartebeest. Differences between the epithelial
      cell layers of the urinary bladder are described. Cells belonging to different
      layers show variations in their cell organelles and inclusions. The surface cells
      contain relatively few fusiform and spherical vesicles.

PMID- 171976
TI  - The isolation of epithelial cells from the rat epididymis.
AB  - Epithelial cells from the epididymis were released by digesting the chopped
      epididymis with pronase followed by collagenase plus hyaluronidase. The
      epithelial cells were further separated from contaminating cell types by
      differential centrifugation and sedimentation at unit gravity through a gradient
      of sucrose in Ringer. The isolated cells remained viable as judged by the
      exclusion of trypan blue. The cells respired in the presence of glucose and the
      rate of respiration was not altered by the subsequent addition of pyruvate.

PMID- 171977
TI  - Limbic neuronal firing rates in man during administration of nitrous oxide-
      oxygen or sodium thiopental.
AB  - Electroencephalographic activity and extracellular discharges from neurons in
      deep temporal lobe structures were recorded from fine wire microelectrodes
      chronically implanted in seven psychomotor epileptic patients for diagnostic
      localization of seizure foci. In four patients, inhalation of 80 per cent nitrous
      oxide resulted in loss of consciousness without change in firing rates of
      temporal lobe neurons (n = 22). In all seven patients, thiopental (400 or 200 mg,
      iv) decreased limbic neuronal firing rates (n = 38) until the return of
      wakefulness. In only three of these patients, however, did the firing rates of
      the neurons (n = 19) decrease significantly (P less than .05). Thiopental
      suppression of unit activity was not related to systemic hypoxia. This study
      demonstrates that anesthetic induction with nitrous oxide-oxygen does not
      significantly affect the firing of neurons in various regions of the human limbic
      system, which may explain the incidence of patient awareness reported when
      nitrous oxide-oxygen is administered alone. Thiopental depresses the firing of
      limbic neurons, and this may account in part for the temporary confusion and
      amnesia often manifested by patients recovering from the effects of thiopental.

PMID- 171979
TI  - Hazards in using perchloric acid.

PMID- 171978
TI  - Comparison of the effects of general anesthethics on the end-plate of skeletal
      muscle.

PMID- 171980
TI  - Recovery of transmissible gastroenteritis virus from chronically infected
      experimental pigs.
AB  - Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus was reisolated from pulmonary and
      intestinal tissues from 6 of 9 chronically infected experimental pigs
      (principals) necropsied 30 to 104 days after inoculation. Tissue homogenates
      (lung and small intestine) from the principals were prepared and inoculated into
      3- to 5-day-old gnotobiotic pigs. The virus reisolated from the tissue
      homogenates produced a milder disease on 1st passage and a more severe disease on
      2nd passage. The chronically infected experimental pigs (principals) developed
      serum-neutralization titers to TGE of 1:30 to 1:525. There appeared to be no
      relationship between serum titers and reisolation of TGE virus from the 9
      principals. The persistence of virus in lung or intestine to 104 days indicates
      the recovered (or carrier) pig may be considered the primary source of TGE virus
      infection.

PMID- 171981
TI  - Comparative characteristics of three cytomegaloviruses from rodents.
AB  - One cytomegalovirus isolate from the vole (Microtus arvalis) and 2
      cutomegalovirus strains from mice (Apodemus sylvatious and Mus musculus) were
      compared. The rates of inactivation of these 3 viruses were virtually identical
      after each of 3 treatments: Repeated cycles of freezing and thawing, ultrasonic
      vibration, and exposure to trypsin and chymotrypsin. The replication of the 3
      viruses was similar in each of 3 types of mouse embryo fibroblast cells tested. A
      number of other characteristics of the vole isolate were the same as those of the
      mouse strains, including buoyant density (1.20 g/cu cm), enhanced plaquing
      efficiency in diethylaminoethyl-dextran, and induction of an abortive replication
      cycle in human cells. The 3 viruses were indistinguishable with regard to their
      antigenic characteristics, and electron microscopic examination revealed that the
      nucleocapsids and enveloped virions of the 3 viruses were indistinguishable.

PMID- 171982
TI  - Methylmercury: effect on oncogenic and nononcogenic viruses in mice.
AB  - Mice fed methylmercury chloride at dosages of 1 or 10 ppm for 84 days had
      significantly higher mortality rates when inoculated with encephalomyocarditis
      virus (nononcogenic) than did nonmethylmercury-treated mice. However,
      methylmercury fed to mice which were inoculated with Rauscher leukemia virus
      (oncogenic) did not alter the course of neoplasia. These results demonstrate that
      prolonged exposure to subclinical concentrations of methylmercury increased
      susceptibility of a host to a nononcogenic, but not to an oncogenic, virus.

PMID- 171983
TI  - Effects of intramedullary injection of methiodal and lidocaine on spinal cords of
      dogs.
AB  - A solution of methiodal sodium (20%) and lidocaine HCl (0.20%) was given by
      intramedullary injection into the lumbar spinal cords of 12 anesthetized dogs
      (group I). Two control groups of 12 dogs each were subjected to needle placement
      only or were given 5% dextrose. The results showed that both solutions given by
      intramedullary injection caused severe spinal cord malacia and cavitation in 2
      group I dogs and in 1 group III dog.

PMID- 171984
TI  - Cell-to-cell attachments and associations in tumors induced by CELO virus or
      virus-transformed cells in hamsters.
AB  - Cell-to-cell attachments or associations in expermentally induced sarcoma of
      chicken embryo lethal orphan virus (avian adenovirus) origin were studied in
      hamsters by electron microscopic examination. In many instances, the neoplastic
      cells seemed to be held together either by desmosome-like structures or an
      "interlocking" of their apposing plasma membranes. Less frequently, the cells
      were attached by button-like projections between the cell surfaces. Only rarely,
      interdigitation occurred between filopodial processes of cell surface of
      adjoining cells.

PMID- 171985
TI  - Immunoglobulins and anti-Marek's disease virus antibody synthesis in chickens
      after passive immunization with immunoglobulin Y anti-Marek's disease virus
      antibody.
AB  - The effect of passive immunization with immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibody against
      Marek's disease virus (MDV) was examined in MDV-susceptible chickens. The
      production of IgY, immunoglobulin M, and probably also immunoglobulin A was
      depressed in passively immunized chickens when compared with that in MDV-exposed
      chickens which had not been given IgY anti-MDV antibody. In passively immunized
      chickens, the synthesis of immunoglobulin M and IgY anti-MDV antibodies in
      response to MDV infection also was delayed as determined by agar gel precipitin
      and indirect fluorescence antibody tests.

PMID- 171986
TI  - Thermostability of duck hepatitis virus.
AB  - The comparative thermostability of 4 duck hepatitis (DH) viruses were tested at
      various temperatures for different times. Titer of duckling-passaged, pathogenic
      DH virus decreased from 10(4.50) to 10(2.33) and 10(2.20) median infective doses
      (ID50/0.1 ml, respectively, in 2 tests; titer of chicken embryo-passaged,
      nonpathogenic, but embryo-lethal, DH virus decreased from 10(6.00) to 10(0.46)
      and from 10(6.62) to 10(0.63) ID50/0.1 ml, respectively; duck embryo fibroblast
      culture-passaged and duck embryo liver cell culture-passaged, chicken ebryo
      infective, but nonlethal, DH viruses were completely inactivated or nearly so
      after being kept at 56 C for 30 minutes. Duckling-passaged DH virus was not
      detected on day 21, whereas 10(0.62) ID50 of chicken embryo-passaged DH virus per
      0.1 ml remained on day 32 when being kept at 37 C. Titer of chicken embryo
      passaged DH virus decreased from 10(7.00) to 10(1.16) ID50/0.1 ml after being
      kept at room at room temperature for 150 days, to 10(5.17) ID50/0.1 ml after
      being kept at 4 C for 70 weeks, to 10(6.17) ID50/0.1 ml after being kept at -20 C
      for 70 weeks, and to 10(6.38) ID50/0.1 ml after being kept at -60 C for 1 year.

PMID- 171987
TI  - [Influence of some substances on the titration of a poliovirus aqueous suspension
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Important changes of virus titer are observed when low concentration of mineral
      salts (NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3) or detergents (Tween 80) are added to a poliovirus
      suspension in distilled water. Calf serum addition to these suspensions induces
      new variations of virus titer. The highest titre is obtained in isotonic medium
      with calf serum.

PMID- 171988
TI  - [Effect of sodium salicylate on the "in vitro" development of RNA viruses
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Sodium salicylate 10(-3) M is able to limit the number of plaques induced by RNA
      viruses on monkey kidney cell cultures (Cercopithecus aethiops and Macaccus
      rhesus). However, the inhibition rate changes with the virus type or even the
      strain used. Poliovirus 2, Coxsackie B3, echovirus and reovirus 1 were the most
      susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the drug. Latent infection caused by SV5
      decreases the antiviral activity of salicylate. The stages of the poliovirus type
      2 growth affected by sodium salicylate, were studied. The drug has no direct
      activity on the infectivity of the virus. It decreases adsorption and
      penetration. In spite of heavy virus concentration (10(-5,5) to 10(-7)) ID/ml)
      the eclipse phase is delayed about 3 hours. After 6 hours, viral maturation
      proceeds and reaches the same level as the controls, and virus quantities
      recovered are equivalent after 12 hours. Viral infectious RNA fails to induce
      plaques on salicylate treated cultures. The drug seems to act during the eclipse
      phase.

PMID- 171990
TI  - Fish health--some concepts, constraints, and comparisons.
AB  - This has been an overview of fish health, a comparison of some aspects of fish
      husbandry with other animal husbandry, and comments concerning fish health
      research--especially where it is going. The 1972 disease survey identified
      current problems; it ranked the problems according to priority. More important,
      research effort has been redirected. Problems of highest priority are receiving
      the greatest attention; those of lesser priority are receiving the appropriately
      lesser attention. Just as veterinary and human medical research have become more
      mission-oriented, fish health research has also become much more of a problem
      solving activity. There are fewer dollars; they must be used wisely and they must
      produce. Research in fish health is expected to yield usable information that
      will be of significant help in producing better fishes. If destined for the
      table, such fishes should convert feeds rapidly and efficiently, and they should
      not suffer losses from diseases. If intended for stocking, such fishes should be
      capable of thriving in the environment and of surviving to fulfill their destiny.

PMID- 171989
TI  - [Isolation of "Neisseria elongata" and "Moraxella urethralis" (author's transl)].
AB  - A strain of Neisseria elongata and a strain of Moraxella urethralis have been
      recently isolated from pathological material in the course of a systematic search
      for rodshaped oxidase positive and Gram negative micro-organisms. The
      morphological, cultural and biochemical characters of these fewly known strains
      of which pathogenicity is not clearly defined, are reported in the present paper
      together with some comments.

PMID- 171993
TI  - On the molecular mechanism of the antiviral activity of trifluorothymidine.

PMID- 171994
TI  - Studies on the biochemical basis for the antiviral activities of some nucleoside
      analogs.

PMID- 171995
TI  - 5-Halogenated analogs of deoxycytidine as selective inhibitors of the replication
      of herpes simplex viruses in cell culture and related studies of intracranial
      herpes simplex virus infections in mice.

PMID- 171992
TI  - Studies on mechanisms of resistance to cytosine arabinoside: problems in the
      determination of related enzyme activities in leukemic cells.

PMID- 171991
TI  - Clinical application of adenine arabinoside.

PMID- 171996
TI  - Biological activities of some purine arabinosides.

PMID- 171999
TI  - Chemical micromethod for quantitative determination of free crystalline silica in
      finely-dispersed industrial dusts.

PMID- 171997
TI  - The mechanism of action of 3-deazauridine in tumor cells sensitive and resistant
      to arabinosylcytosine.
AB  - Deazauridine inhibited growth of tumor cells in culture and in culture and in
      vivo; this agent was significantly more effective against L1210/AraC than against
      the parent sensitive line. Inhibition of growth of tumor cells in culture was
      prevented by uridine and cytidine and was partially alleviated by deoxycytidine,
      but not by deoxyuridine or thymidine. DeazaUR inhibited nucleic acid synthesis
      but not protein synthesis in tumor cells in culture; deoxycytidine alleviated
      inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. The labeling of pyrimidine ribonucleotides
      by 6-14C-orotic acid was inhbited by deazaUR. DeazaUR treatment of tumor cells in
      culture resulted in increased uptake of cytidine-3H into RNA, whereas uridine-3H
      uptake into RNA was inhibited. Labelling of DNA by uridine-3H/ and cytidine-H was
      inhibited by deazaUR. Pools of CMP, CDP, and CTP decreased markedly during
      deazaUR treatment of L1210 cells in culture and in vivo. These observations in
      growing cells pointed to deazaUR inhibition of the synthesis of cytidylic acid.
      Deazauridine 5'-triphosphate was found to be an inhibitor of the synthesis of CTP
      from UTP catalyzed by enzyme preparations from L1210 cells. This observation is
      in agreement with those of McPartland et al.19 that deazaUTP inhibited CTP
      synthetase purified from calf liver. Deazauridine treatment of L1210 cells in
      culture stimulated the uptake of deoxycytidine-3H into DNA while inhibiting the
      uptake of 3H-labeled deoxyuridine, thymidine, deoxyadenosine, and deoxyguanosine.
      Intracellular pools of dCTP were decreased by deazauridine treatment in L1210
      cells in culture and in vivo. Deazauridine 5'-diphosphate inhibited the enzymatic
      reduction of pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphates to the corresponding
      deoxyribonucleotides. These results are consistent with the view that
      deazauridine, after its uptake and intracellular phosphorylation, strongly
      inhibits the formation of CTP. This is considered to be the primary metabolic
      effect of the analog. A secondary effect appears to be an inhibition of dCTP
      formation.

PMID- 171998
TI  - Nucleosides and nucleotides: past, present, and future.

PMID- 172000
TI  - Delayed clearance of tantalum by radiologically occult cancer.

PMID- 172002
TI  - On the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 172001
TI  - Foreign body removal: a new role for the fiberoptic bronchoscope.
AB  - Artificial and animal lung models initially were used to investigate the removal
      of foreign bodies from the tracheobronchial tree with the flexible fiberoptic
      bronchoscope. Different extraction instruments (claw, basket, forceps, and
      balloon catheter) were passed separately through the channel of the
      bronchofiberscope, and tested for usefulness prior to human application. The
      Fogarty balloon catheter served as a valuable aid in dislodging impacted objects
      so that the operator could then grasp them with the claw, basket or forceps. The
      wire claw recovered many of the metallic and organic objects, the wire basket was
      successful in retrieving only the bulky objects and the forceps (ACMI) was
      effective in capturing all of the metallic foreign bodies. These techniques,
      developed in our laboratory, are now being used to augment rigid bronchoscopy in
      the removal of foreign bodies from adults and older children. At the present time
      fiberoptic foreign body removal is not recommended for pediatric cases because of
      the small diameter of the trachea and glottis in infants and young children.

PMID- 172003
TI  - [Proceedings: Role of endogenous and exogenous ACTH on aldosterone secretion
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The role of ACTH in the control of aldosterone secretion has been investigated in
      volunteers under a normal sodium diet. Endogenous ACTH suppression by
      dexamethasone (DXM) does not alter the plasma aldosterone (PA) response to 20 mg
      furosemide since identical PA increases are observed in control subjects and in
      subjects with DXM suppressed endogenous ACTH. The sodium depletion induced by
      furosemide during continuous ACTH infusion increases plasma renin activity but
      does not change PA.

PMID- 172005
TI  - [Effect of furosemide and ACTH on plasma renin, aldosterone and cortisol levels
      in normal man].
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone and cortisol's variations are studied in
      normal salt repleted voluntary men (120 mEq/24 h sodium) before and after
      furosemide infusion and/or constant infusion of ACTH (beta 1-24 corticotrophin).
      PRA is determined by angiotensin I radioimmunoassay, plasma aldosterone by
      specific radioimmunoassay and plasma cortisol by competitive transcortine binding
      radioassay. 1) PRA and plasma aldosterone increase clearly after acute sodium
      depletion secundary to furosemide infusion; plasma cortisol increases a little.
      PRA and aldosterone's variations are identical after endogenous ACTH suppression
      by dexamethazone administration before study. 2) PRA is not influenced by
      constant infusion (16 ng/kg/mn) after acute infusion (0.3 mg intravenously) of
      ACTH (beta 1-24); plasma aldosterone and plasma cortisol increase dramatically
      and remain constant along the experience. 3) If acute sodium depletion is
      realized 120 mn after ACTH infusion, PRA still raises; on the other hand plasma
      aldosterone remains constant. These results confirm that acute sodium depletion
      stimulates aldosterone secretion by the way of renin angiotensin system then ACTH
      acts directly on the adrenal cortex. Nevertheless the stimulative action of acute
      sodium depletion on aldosterone secretion is suppressed by previous acute ACTH
      stimulation.

PMID- 172004
TI  - [Juvenile hormone in diapausing Pieris brassicae and mutations. Tetrahydrofolic
      acid and pterins incubated in chrysalids, provoking ontogenic and mutagenic
      genetic information alterations in Drosophila melanogaster].
AB  - Study of AMPc phosphodiesterase shows presence of JH in diapausing chrysalids and
      antogonistic action of FH and pterines. Study of farnesoldeshydrogenase and
      farnesal deshydrogenase in Dm shows that FH4 and pterines inhibite FDH, active
      ADH. Conclusion is JH in diapause chrysalides is active factor with FH4 provoking
      genesis of pigmentary mutation, cellular proliferation or growth deficiencies.
      Comparison with JH+FH4+ teromes incubated in Bar (Muller 5) mutants of Dm in
      place of diapausing chrysalids reproduce larval deficiences, mosaics and
      mutations observed in precedent experiments.

PMID- 172007
TI  - Unique bactericidal action of metronidazole against Bacteroides fragilis and
      Clostridium perfringens.
AB  - The comparative bactericidal activity of penicillin G, carbenicillin,
      clindamycin, and metronidazole against eight susceptible strains of Bacteroides
      fragilis and four strains of Clostridium perfringens was determined by performing
      colony counts anaerobically of cultures incubated in brucella broth. With the B.
      fragilis strains, there was a lag phase of growth of approximately 8 h, during
      which time metronidazole did not reduce the colony counts. However, within 4 h of
      the onset of exponential growth, metronidazole caused an abrupt decrease in
      counts to less than 100 colonies per ml in all strains tested. Moreover, in two
      strains in which the bactericidal rate was followed hourly, a 3- to 6-log
      decrease occurred over 1 h or less. In contrast, penicillin G and carbenicillin
      caused a gradual decline in colony counts from the start of approximately 1 log
      for each 8-h interval and were bactericidal for all strains tested. Clindamycin
      demonstrated the slowest bactericidal activity and for 25% of the strains was
      only bacteriostatic. With the C. perfringens strains, after a lag phase of 4 h,
      an abrupt decrease in colony counts also occurred with metronidazole, whereas
      penicillin and clindamycin again demonstrated more gradual killing effects. These
      studies showed a unique, time-related bactericidal action of metronidazole as
      compared with the other three antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 172006
TI  - [Direct reaction between complement system and cell nuclei (author's transl)].
AB  - A direct in vitro reaction between complement system and cell nuclei of human
      leucocytes and of cryostat sections of rat liver or kidney, has been demonstrated
      by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The first step of this reaction
      involves a fixation of C1q to the nuclear DNA as shown by the peripheral
      distribution of the fluorescence and by the extinction of the fluorescence when
      the tissue-slices are pretreated by DNase but not by RNase or trypsin. This
      fixation gives rise to an activation of C1 which can be demonstrated by the
      capacity of the fixed C1 to induce a fixation of C4 of the same distribution.
      Although the sequential fixation experiments have not allowed to establish
      directly the fixation of the following components of the complement system (C2
      and C3), the positive results obtained using whole fresh normal human serum as a
      source of complement and a fluorescent anti-human C3 serum clearly indicate that
      the activation of the classical pathway by whole cells DNA can go as far as the
      C3 step. All these results were obtained at physiological pH and molarity: this
      can suggest a physiopathological meaning for this reaction.

PMID- 172008
TI  - Inhibition of experimental deoxyribonucleic acid virus-induced encephalitis by 9
      beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate.
AB  - 9-beta-d-Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate (ara-HxMP) significantly
      controlled the development of encephalitis produced by deoxyribonucleic acid
      viruses in mice. In most experiments the activities of ara-HxMP and 9-beta-d
      arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) were determined simultaneously. In the
      intracerebral (target organ) and intravenous therapy experiments, ara-HxMP had a
      pronounced advantage over ara-A since the water solubility of ara-HxMP enabled it
      to be used in much higher concentrations. In experiments where the two drugs were
      administered intraperitoneally or orally they exhibited similar activity. In
      several intraperitoneal therapy experiments ara-HxMP was tested alone, using
      various treatment schedules and dosages. In these experiments, efficacy was
      observed in groups that had treatments initiated as late as 72 h after virus
      inoculation.

PMID- 172009
TI  - Efficacy of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate in therapy of
      equine abortion virus-induced hepatitis in hamsters.
AB  - Equine abortion virus (EAV)-induced hepatitis in hamsters presents an interesting
      animal model for the evaluation of drugs possessing anti-deoxyribonucleic acid
      virus activity. These experiments demonstrate that 9-beta-d
      arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate (ara-HxMP), a new synthetic, water
      soluble, antiviral agent, effectively controls this disease in hamsters with a
      therapeutic index of approximately 60. Ara-HxMP prevented hepatitis-associated
      deaths in hamsters, reduced the titer of EAV developing in hamsters, and
      inhibited the increase of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase in EAV-infected
      hamsters.

PMID- 172010
TI  - Solid-phase radioimmunoassays for quantitative antibody determination of
      Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin.
AB  - Two reversed solid-phase radioimmunoassays were developed for quantitative
      determination of antibodies against Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin.
      125I-labeled prototoxin was used in the bromoacetylcellulose-bound antibody
      method and in the antibody-coated tube method. The antibody values which can be
      detected by the assays are in the range of 0.004 IU/ml of investigated serum. The
      methods allow the screening investigation of large groups of vaccinated sheep in
      a rapid and inexpensive way, and are very suitable for measuring small amounts of
      C. perfringens D epsilon antibodies with a small experimental error.

PMID- 172011
TI  - Convenient non-chromatographic assays for the microbial deconjugation and 7alpha
      OH bioconversion of taurocholate.
AB  - We described two convenient assay methods to estimate bile acid deconjugation and
      bile acid bioconversion at the 7alpha-OH position by individual microorganisms
      grown in media containing taurocholic acid. The methods are based on (i) a
      selective chemical assay for taurine conjugates previously described and (ii) the
      use of a cell-free preparation of 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from
      Escherichia coli to directly quantify 7alpha-OH groups. These non-chromatographic
      approaches have been applied to the study of three model strains of intestinal
      organisms, E. coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Clostridium perfringens, grown in
      standard media in the presence of purified tritiated taurocholate. Assay results
      were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography solvent systems designed to separate
      conjugated from unconjugated bile acid and unmodified cholic acid nucleus from
      7alpha-OH bioconversion product(s) (primarily 3alpha, 12alpha dihydroxy, 7-keto
      cholanoic acid). In addition, 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was
      demonstrated in cell-free extracts of all three organisms. Of the three
      organisms, only C. perfringens was demonstrated to (i) deconjugate taurocholic
      acid, (ii) contain 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, (iii) convert
      cholic acid into at least five labeled metabolites visible on thin-layer
      chromatography, and (iv) catalyze significant tritium exchange with water in the
      medium.

PMID- 172012
TI  - Studies on the survival and fate of enteroviruses in an experimental model of a
      municipal solid waste landfill and leachate.
AB  - In laboratory scale municipal solid waste lysimeters containing simulated refuse,
      and seeded with either laboratory or field strains of poliovirus type 1 and
      echovirus type 7, viruses were not detected in the lysimeter leachate produced
      over a 4-month period. In addition, viruses were detected in the lysimeter refuse
      contents after termination of lysimeter operation. These results appeared to be
      due to virus retention in the lysimeter caused by virus adsorption and virus
      inactivation. Evidence for virus inactivation was provided by the results of
      experiments on virus inactivation in composite leachate samples. Evidence for
      virus adsorption was supported by the rapid adsorption of viruses to various
      municipal solid waste components in the presence of a salt similar in composition
      to the major inorganic salts of leachates.

PMID- 172013
TI  - Enzymatic transformation of morphine by hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from
      Pseudomonas testosteroni.
AB  - Eznyme preparations from Pseudomonas testosteroni containing alpha- and beta-
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases catalyzed the oxidation of morphine and codeine by
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Morphine was converted in relatively low yield
      into 14-hydroxymorphinone probably via morphinone as an intermediate. Codeine was
      converted to codeinone and 14-hydroxycodeinone. Only the conversions at the 6
      position were carred out by the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Hydroxylation at
      the 14-position did occur spontaneously (or enzymatically with a contaminating
      enzyme) ater oxidation at the 6-position.

PMID- 172014
TI  - Solubilization of a phosphoprotein and its associated cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase from synaptic membrane fractions,
      and some kinetic evidence for their existence as a complex.

PMID- 172015
TI  - Insulin receptors in a new human placenta cell line: demonstration of negative
      cooperativity.

PMID- 172016
TI  - The influence of dietary calcium and phosphorus on intestinal calcium transport
      in rats given vitamin D metabolites.

PMID- 172017
TI  - Effects of Ca2+ on the respiratory activity of chondrocyte mitochondria.

PMID- 172019
TI  - Sedimentation behavior of fructose 1.6-bisphosphatase in crude tissue extracts of
      the rabbit and the rat.

PMID- 172018
TI  - Oxidation of alpha-tocopherol model compound by superoxide anion.

PMID- 172020
TI  - Changes in secondary structure of poliovirus ribonucleic acid.

PMID- 172021
TI  - Cytochrome c interactions with membranes. A photoaffinity-labeled cytochrome c.

PMID- 172022
TI  - Intracellular localization of certain photosynthetic enzymes in bundle sheath
      cells of plants possessing the C4 pathway of photosynthesis.

PMID- 172023
TI  - Circular dichroism spectra of glutamate dehydrogenase plus reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide.

PMID- 172024
TI  - Cytoplasmic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase during the HeLa cell cycle.

PMID- 172025
TI  - Characterization of a nonhepatic alcohol dehydrogenase from rat hepatocellular
      carcinoma and stomach.

PMID- 172026
TI  - Adaptive alterations in Lactobacillus casei. Gluconeogenesis in cells grown on
      ribose.

PMID- 172027
TI  - Milker's nodules. Pathogenesis, tissue culture, electron microscopy, and calf
      inoculation.
AB  - We report the occurence of milker's nodules in nine patients. In man, the disease
      goes through maculopapular, target, acute weeping, nodular, papillo-matous, and
      regressive stages. Papular and papillomatous stages were noted following
      vaccination of a calf with material prepared from a human lesion. A viral agent
      was isolated in cultures of bovine kidney cells and human skin fibroblast cells.
      Cytoplasmic inclusions were frequently seen in the infected bovine kidney cells.
      Electron microscopy revealed viroplasm, partially encapsulated viroplasm,
      encapsulated viroplasm, and oval particles with spires around the outside.

PMID- 172028
TI  - Ulnar neuropathy after liquid nitrogen cryotherapy.
AB  - Ulnar neuropathy after liquid nitrogen cryotherapy for verruca vulgaris (common
      wart) overlying the ulnar nerve at the elbow resulted in much disability from
      sensory and motor deficits.

PMID- 172029
TI  - Cytomegalovirus-mononucleosis in a newborn infant.
AB  - A 3-week-old infant with haemophilia A developed fever and mononucleosis and was
      found to have cytomegalovirus, infection, possibly acquired by blood transfusion.
      At 6 months, while still excreting cytomgalovirus, he developed transient
      clinical jaundice with a hepatitis-like picture.

PMID- 172030
TI  - Epidermal neoplasms with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica with the first report
      of carcinoma with the acquired type.
AB  - Carcinoma, usually always squamous cell carcinoma, is one of the most serious
      complications in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. It can occur on the skin,
      mucous membranes, the esophagus and possibly the upper part of the bronchial
      tree. We are reporting on four new patients; one, the youngest to be so reported,
      one with a definite autosomal dominant inheritance and one with a chronic
      acquired dystrophica epidermolysis bullosa. Most cases have an autosomal
      recessive inheritance, but the disorder is probably more hetereogeneous in its
      inheritance than has been reported. Studies of the collagen indicate a
      disturbance, but present studies indicate the defect to be more a cellular defect
      in the fibroblast yet undetermined. The carcinomas, usually multiple, appear to
      arise on scarred tissue and to metastasize rapidly with death.

PMID- 172032
TI  - Desmosome-like structures in the cytoplasm of normal human keratinocyte.
AB  - Desmosome-like structures in the cytoplasm which have so far been described in
      tumoral and acantholytic epidermal cells were observed on two occasions in
      morphologically normal basal and prickle cells. It seems that under specific
      conditions a normal epidermal cell can lose contact with the surrounding cell
      during cell division and forms intracytoplasmic desmosomes.

PMID- 172033
TI  - In vitro action of quartz on alveolar macrophage lipid peroxides.
AB  - The in vitro effects of quartz particles on the lipid peroxide rate were measured
      on guinea pig pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs). As controls, either PAMs
      alone or exposed to inert dust were used. The amount of lipid peroxide resulting
      after one-hour incubation was determined by means of the thiobarbituric acid test
      (TBA). The results showed that quartz induced a substantial increase of lipid
      peroxide in PAMs compared with both samples (dust-free or exposed to corundum).
      The influence of pretreatment of quartz by polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVPNO) and
      by mineral water containing carbonate and chloride ions was also studied.

PMID- 172031
TI  - Studies on the role of C-type viruses in the development of epithelial tumors
      induced with DMBA.
AB  - Epithelial tumors were induced using 0.5 per cent solution of DMBA in two strains
      of mice--one infected with leukoviruses (Swiss mice), and the other is free of
      these viruses (hairless mice). Tumors from 15 mice of each strain were examined
      light- and electron-microscopically. Depending on the period of administration of
      the carcinogen, benign growths of the type of papilloma or keratoacanthoma were
      obtained, or malignant tumors. In the tumors in Swiss mice electron microscopy
      revealed a distinct increase in the numbers of viruses in comparison with
      surrounding skin and intact skin of healthy mice of this strain. In spite of
      certain histologic differences between tumors produced in Swiss and hairless
      mice, the results argue against a role of leukoviruses in the pathogenesis of
      experimentally induced epithelial tumors in mice.

PMID- 172036
TI  - Effects of phentolamine on dibutyryl cyclic AMP and norepinephrine in rats
      anesthetized with amobarbital.
AB  - In vitro evidence demonstrated that norepinephrine (NE) increased endogenous
      levels of cyclic AMP in brain tissue. In vivo findings showed that in rats
      anesthetized with amobarbital, NE certrally administered prolonged narcosis
      whereas exogenous dibutyryl cyclic AMP shortened it. Phentolamine, an alpha
      adrenergic receptor inhibitor, administered centrally prolonged narcosis but did
      block all symptomatology accompanying its administration. Phentolamine added to
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP dose-relatedly antagonized the shortening of the duration of
      narcosis. Such ovservations suggest that whereas the inhibitory action of
      phentolamine affects NE at the alpha adrenergic receptor site, it antagonizes
      cyclic AMP at other sites as well.

PMID- 172034
TI  - Adenyl cyclase.
AB  - Many hormones interact with their target cells by binding to receptors located on
      the external surface of the target cells' plasma membrane and subsequently
      stimulating the enzyme, adenyl cyclase, which is located within the plasma
      membrane. Stimulation of adenyl cyclase results in formation of cyclic AMP which
      is released from the membrane into the cell and acts within the cell to regulate
      a wide variety of cellular processes. In this review, the characteristics of
      hormone receptors and the relationship between receptor occupancy and adenyl
      cyclase stimulation are discussed. Our current understanding of the roles of
      hormones, substrate, magnesium, calcium, and guanine nucleotides as regulators of
      adenyl cyclase activity is summarized. Because of the central importance of
      adenyl cyclase and cyclic AMP as mediators of the cellular response to hormones,
      it is to be expected that many diseases may result from defects in this enzyme
      system. Indeed, several adenyl cyclase related diseases have been identified and
      the molecular bases for these diseases are discussed in this review.

PMID- 172035
TI  - Relationship of cell type and lymph node metastasis to survival after resection
      of bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - In the completed adjuvant chemotherapy lung trials conducted by the Veterans
      Administration Surgical Group, the cell type was recorded in 2,341 of 2,349
      curative resections; extent of lymph node involvement was known in all cases.
      Nodes were normal in 1,231 patients. Five- and ten-year survival computed by the
      life-table method was 33.7% and 20.4%, respectively. These rates were
      significantly greater than the 16.2% and 8.8% recorded in 1,118 patients whose
      nodes showed metastases. Among patients whose cell type was known, five-year
      survival in 484 with hilar node involvement was 17.4% and was not significantly
      different from 20.1% in 364 patients in whom only lobar nodes were involved. The
      survival was 8.9% in 268 patients with cancer in the mediastinal nodes; this was
      significantly worse than either of the aforementioned groups. A five-year
      survival of 26.8% in 1,482 patients with squamous cell carcinoma was greater than
      the 24.3% in 359 with adenocarcinoma and 22.4% in 500 with undifferentiated cell
      types, but the differences were not significant. Variations between these groups
      remained nonsignificant when nodes were normal and were of only borderline
      significance, at the 5% level, when they showed metastasis. When a curative
      resection has been accomplished, cell-type as classified in this study has little
      bearing on long-term survival, whereas the presence of node metastasis as well as
      its location is of the utmost importance.

PMID- 172037
TI  - In vivo pulmonary metabolism of bradykinin, angiotensin I and 5-hydroxtryptamine
      in the rat.
AB  - Involvement of the pulmonary vasculature of the rat in the in vivo metabolism of
      bradykinin, angiotensin I and 5-hydroxytryptamine was studied by monitoring the
      systemic blood pressure response of the test animal during intravenous or
      intraarterial administration of these substances. Observation of essentially the
      same blood pressure response regardless of the route of injection indicated that
      neither agiotensins I or II nor 5-hydroxytryptamine was metabolized by the
      pulmonary vasculature, while bradykinin was inactivated to the extent of 95+% on
      one passage through the lung. In the rat the major portion of bradykinin
      inactivation and angiotensin conversion apparently occur at different places in
      the vascular tree and therefore could not be carried out by the same enzyme.
      Differential inhibition by 2-mercaptoethanol and the bradykinin potentiating
      peptide, Pyr-Lys-Trp-Ala-Pro, support this postulate. One rat was found which had
      no pulmonary kininase but could convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II. In
      addition, infusion of large doses of known inhibitors of lung converting enzyme
      had no effect on either angiotensin I conversion or bradykinin inactivation in
      this system. These results support the idea that the pulmonary vasculature is not
      a major site for conversion of angiotensin I in the rat.

PMID- 172038
TI  - Lack of steroidogenic response to cyclic AMP and ACTH in adrenal cells from rats
      bearing the MtTF4 tumor.
AB  - Adrenal cell suspensions prepared from rats bearing the MtTF4 tumor failed to
      increase corticosterone production when exposed to adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) or ACTH, placing the defect in these adrenals beyond
      the ACTH receptor site. Adrenal cells from normal rats responded well to these
      stimuli. Adrenal cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase prepared from the tumor bearing
      rats appeared normal both with respect to its specific activity and inhibition
      profile with theophylline. Exposure of the MtTF4 adrenal cells to 1,2-3H
      cholesterol in the presence of either cyclic AMP or ACTH did not result in an
      increase in radioactively labeled corticosterone, whereas increased label could
      be demonstrated in adrenal cells from normal rats similarly treated.

PMID- 172039
TI  - [Suitability of immune serums from different animal species for the preparation
      of conjugates against Aujeszky's disease virus].
AB  - A comparison was made of immune serum from rabbits, sheeps, pigs and cattle. Pure
      IgG was prepared by the Rivanol sulphate method and immune electrophoresis.
      Optimum protein quality, conjugation time under various conditions and using two
      preparations of fluorescein isothiocyanate were studied. Conjugate purified by
      DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and concentrated to 1% protein by ultrafiltration was freeze
      dried and then tested for activity and the degree of non-specific fluorescence.
      Evaluation by yield of immuno-electrophoretically pure IgG, conjugation time,
      antibody content, degree of non-specific fluorescence and the intensity of
      specific fluorescence before and after dilution showed that pig serum was the
      best, followed by cattle and sheep serum; rabbit serum was the least suitable for
      conjugate preparation.

PMID- 172040
TI  - The immunological response of calves after submucosal application of a live
      vaccine against parainfluenza-3- and adenovirus. (Brief report).
AB  - Using submucosal application of live attenuated vaccine against parainfluenza-3
      virus and cattle adenovirus within the nasal opening, calves reacted with the
      formation of secretory (local) and serum antibodies of significantly higher
      titers than are received using subcutaneous application. The same vaccine induces
      interferon activity in the serum and nasal secretion after submucosal
      vaccination. Adenovirus antigen is a stronger interferon inducer than para
      influenza-3-virus.

PMID- 172041
TI  - [Electron microscopy studies on proliferation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in
      cell cultures. I. Morphologic changes in cell nucleus].
AB  - The first morphological indication of FMD infection of a cell culture was in the
      nucleus. Components of nucleoli became segregated and were finally present only
      as remnants. It was not possible to distinguish different stages of segregation,
      as in the case of entero-virus infections, because of the rapidity of FMD virus
      proliferation. Following changes in nucleoli there was margination of chromatin.
      Particularly striking was an increase in interchromatin granules. Changes in the
      nuclear membrane seemed to facilitate the transfer of nuclear material to the
      cytoplasm. Strongly pronounced dilatation of the peri-nuclear cleft, like that
      seen in aphthae and other tissues, were rarely visible in infected cell cultures.

PMID- 172042
TI  - [Electron microscopy studies on the proliferation of foot-and-mouth disease virus
      in cell cultures. II. Changes in nucleic acid metabolism of the cell nucleus].
AB  - BHK cells were infected with FMD virus and treated with tritium-labelled
      thymidine and uridine for examination by autoradiography under the electron
      microscope. Labelling of the DNA, examined by autoradiography under the optical
      microscope, showed inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation. For demonstrating
      RNA labelling of nuclei, some cells were treated with actinomycin D and others
      were left untreated. Under the lectron microscope there was no evidence of
      increased 3H-uridine incorporation in the untreated cells after virus infection,
      but actinomycin treatment increased RNA labelling in extranucleolar parts of the
      nucleus, evidently RNA synthesis independent of DNA. There was evidence of some
      synthesis of virus-specific RNA in the nuclei. The extent of virus-specific RNA
      synthesis in the cytoplasm was less extensive than in the nucleus.

PMID- 172043
TI  - [Electron microscopy studies on the proliferation of foot-and-mouth disease virus
      in cell cultures. III. Morphogenesis in cytoplasm].
AB  - The previous parts have been concerned with the participation of the cell nucleus
      in the formation of the RNA of FMD virus. However, the actual morphogenesis of
      the virus takes place in cytoplasm. In BHK cells, changes attributable to virus
      infection were visible by the second hour, with the formation of threads and
      large polysome complexes near the nucleus. Viral particles soon appeared between
      these structures. There were no pronounced foci of viroplasma, and it seemed that
      they were not necessary. Simultaneously new membranes formed in the cell. Clumps
      of viral particles were next visible in the cxtoplasma. The clumps became
      enveloped and were transported in this way to the periphery of the cell.
      Elsewhere there was uptake of particles in autophagic vacuoles, an expression of
      cellular defensive processes. In ultra-thin sections the virions measured 21-25
      nm. Within vacuoles the inner part of the virus, the nucleoid, showed greater
      contrast than the periphery, the capsid. At first there were only slight changes
      in mitochondria. Liberation of virus by cell rupture occurred only after severe
      damage to the cell, particularly the lysosome membranes.

PMID- 172044
TI  - [Enzyme activity in cell cultures infected with herpesvirus suis].
AB  - The activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactage dehydrogenase (LDH) was
      studied in chick-embryo fibroblast cultures after inoculation of the virulent
      strain "A2" and the avirulent strain "MK" of herpesvirus suum. Strain "A2"
      reduced SDH activity, and so did strain MK, but here the decrease of enzyme
      activity was slower, and it did not become evident until the 24th hour. LDH
      activity fluctuated after "A2" infection but was generally increased, while there
      was no change in LDH activity, compared with uninfected control cells, after "MK"
      infection. When interaction of cell and virus took place in the presence of 5
      iodo-2-desoxyuridine (IUDR), strain "A2" produced little change in the enzymes,
      but "MK" infection was accompanied by a definite fall in SDH and a slight
      increase in LDH. The presence of IUDR inhibited the proliferation of the virulent
      strain but had no apparent effect on proliferation of the attenuated strain "MK".
      Investigation of the enzyme activity of cells infected with Aujeszky's disease
      virus has revealed new biological properties of the virus, which might serve to
      distinguish between different strains of the virus.

PMID- 172045
TI  - [The mutagenic effect of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in vitro and in the host
      mediated assay (author's transl)].
AB  - The concentration- and time-dependent genetic activity of methyl methanesulfonate
      (MMS) was investigated in vitro and in the host-mediated assay using four
      different indicator organisms. Dose/effect curves achieved with the different
      indicator organisms are similar.

PMID- 172046
TI  - [Histochemical study of the enzymes of glycogen metabolism in the human
      endometrium during the normal menstrual cycle].
AB  - The content of glycogen in the human endometrium is dependet on the activity of
      enzymes involved in processes of synthesis and dissociation of glicogen: glycogen
      synthetase, phosphorilase and glycogen-6-phosphatase. The activation of "D" form
      of glycogensynthetase dependent on glucose-6-phosphate and the increase of the
      glycoogen quantity in the endometrium glands epithelium is observed in the period
      of growing gestagenic function of the ovaries. At the end of the secretory phase
      there occurs activation of the glycogen dissociation enzme-phosphorilase which
      goes in parallel with abrupt inhibition of the glycogensynthetase activity and
      disappearance or glycogen from the gland epithelium. The inhibition of glycogen
      synthetase is conditioned by a decreased level of intracellular glucose-6
      phosphate which appears due to activation of glucose-6-phosphate in this period.

PMID- 172047
TI  - [Effect of physical work on the aging process in certain skeletal bones of the
      extremities].
AB  - The long-term investigation of the influence of physical exercise upon the
      structure of human skeleton revealed certain peculiar features in the process of
      developmental reconstruction of joints of the upper (humeral joint, hand joints)
      and lower (knee joint, the joints of the foot) extremities resulting from the
      occupation of the persons under study. Roentgen-anatomical studies performed in
      433 industrial and 430 office workers established the fact of retardation and
      deceleration of ageing of the extremities bone system in representatives of
      physical labour as compared with office workers. So the significance of spectal
      physical exercises compensating the progressing with age hypodynamia in persons
      of non-physical labour gets special importance.

PMID- 172048
TI  - [Types of the secretory cells in the pancreatic islands of some vertebrates].
AB  - Three types of secretory cells -- B, A and D were found in the pancreatic islets
      of the frog, turtle, crucian, rat and cat by the method of electron microscopy.
      The fine structure of secretory granules is a basis for identification of the
      endocrine cell types. The structure of the insuline granules is changed more
      markedly in the evolution process while the granules of A and D cells have a
      similar structure in the vertebrates under study.

PMID- 172049
TI  - [Electrophysiology in neuropathy caused by vincristine].
AB  - Ten patients treated with vincristine were submitted for electrophysiological
      examination. It was investigated the number of motor units within the thenar
      muscle following a technique described previously (Sica et al. - 1974); motor and
      sensitive conduction velocities as well as motor distal latencies in the median
      nerve were studied following conventional techniques. The behaviour of the evoked
      muscle potential with repetitive supramaximal stimulation over the median nerve
      was also investigated. The findings were compared with control groups. The
      estimated number of motor units was disminished in eight of ten patients and the
      average number was significantly different from the control group (control 318 +/
      71 UM; patients 174 +/- 84 UM; P less than 0.001). The potential amplitudes in
      most of the surviving units were reduced, others remaining within the normal
      range. This makes apparent that the peripherical nervous system fails to
      compensate adequately and, furthermore, a loss of individual muscle fibres occurs
      within some individual units. The conduction velocities of the fastest conducting
      motor nerve fibres were reduced and motor distal latencies prolongued (Table 1).
      Maximal impulse conduction velocities were measured in sensory fibres. In 5 of 7
      subjets investigated the values laied just beyond the lower limit of the normal
      range. The amplitude of the sensory orthodromic evoked potential in the median
      nerve at the wrist was disminished almost in the whole group. The decremental
      muscle response to repetitive nerve stimulation, can be interpreted as the result
      of the damage at the neural apparatus at the motor end plate; it was observed in
      57% of the patients. In summary, evidences have been registered showing that the
      nervous supply to the muscle is affected in patients treated with vincristine;
      the motor unit behaviour under this conditions is discussed.

PMID- 172050
TI  - Acute ocular infection by type 2 herpes simplex virus in adults.
AB  - Acute ocular infections in two adults were caused by type 2 herpes simplex virus
      (HSV) ("genital herpesvirus"). One patient had an acute blepharoconjunctivitis,
      the other an acute keratoconjunctivitis. Genital infections had preceded the eye
      infections, and type 2 HSV was isolated from the eyes of both patients and from
      the genital lesions of one patient. This strongly suggests transmission of type 2
      HSV from the genital site to the eye.

PMID- 172051
TI  - Oat cell carcinoma of the bronchus and the carcinoid syndrome.
AB  - A man with high urinary levels of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid had an oat cell
      carcinoma of the bronchus. The patient had symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome and
      at autopsy was found to have evidence of carcinoid heart disease. This report
      supports the hypothesis that bronchial carcinoids and oat cell carcinomas are
      derived from argentaffin (Kulchitsky)-type cells of the lung.

PMID- 172052
TI  - Endocrine-type granules in cells of glomus tumor of the stomach.
AB  - The ultrastructure of a gastric glomus tumor was studied. The tumor cells were
      found to possess structural features similar to those of smooth muscle cells. In
      addition, hitherto undescribed granules of endocrine type and cilia were
      identified.

PMID- 172053
TI  - Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix. A clinicopathological study of 11 cases.
AB  - Of eleven cases of adenocarcinoma of the appendix that were studied, five were
      examples of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and four were examples of colonic-type
      adenocarcinoma. Two lesions were very distinctive, with thick, cord-like
      transformation of the appendix. The term linitis plastica carcinoma is proposed
      to describe this rare variant of appendiceal carcinoma. Justification for the
      separation of linitis plastica carcinoma from the other two types is based on
      morphological appearance and on outcome. Both our linitis plastica patients died
      of metastases within six months of surgery, whereas, in the other two groups,
      death was directly related to spread of the carcinoma in only two of nine
      patients.

PMID- 172054
TI  - Diarrhoeogenic tumours of the pancreas.

PMID- 172056
TI  - Studies on the effects of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus on reproduction
      in heifers.
AB  - Natural venereal infection of heifers with IBR virus resulted in vulvovaginal
      lesions in 9 of 12 heifers at 3 weeks after introducttion to bulls, and virus was
      isolated from 5 of the 9 affected animals. The infection was not associated with
      any effect on conception. Experimental nasal and conjunctival infection of 18
      heifers pregnant for 3, 5 or 7 months with a genital strain of IBR virus caused
      mild rhinitis or conjunctivitis in all inoculated animals and virus was recovered
      from 14 animals at 8 days after inoculation. No effects on pregnancy were
      recorded.

PMID- 172055
TI  - The effect of natural and artificial breeding using bulls infected with, or semen
      contaminated with, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.
AB  - Ten cows and heifers (Group B) were inoculated into the uterus at oestrus with
      semen followed by IBR virus for the first insemination and semen alone if a
      second insemination was necessary. All animals developed infectious pustular
      vulvo-vaginitis (IPV), and 2 cows conceived to the first and 2 to the second
      insemination (pregnancy rate of 40 percent requiring 4.5 services per
      conception). This group was compared with 10 control animals (Group A) which were
      treated similarly but received tissue culture fluid instead of virus at the first
      insemination. Group A had a pregnancy rate of 90 percent requiring 1.7 services
      per conception. Natural mating of 4 bulls with preputial infections due to
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus with 9 susceptible cows and heifers
      (group D), resulted in the production of lesions of IPV. The IPV infection did
      not affect their fertility (pregnancy rate of 89 percent requiring 1.4 services
      per conception) when it was compared to a similar group of females (group C)
      mated to the same bulls prior to infection with IBR virus (pregnancy rate of 100
      percent requiring 1.2 services per conception). The 6 animals in Group B that
      were not pregnant and returned to oestrus 3 times were found on slaughter to have
      endometritis, salpingitis and vaginitis. A high incidence, 5 out of 18 (28
      percent), of shortened oestrous cycles (less than 18 days) was a feature of the
      breeding pattern of this group. The undesirable consequences of distributing
      semen contaminated with IBR virus from artificial insemination centres are
      apparent.

PMID- 172057
TI  - Plasma corticosterone levels as an index of ACTH4-10-induced Attenuation of
      amnesia.

PMID- 172058
TI  - Maintenance of DNA and repair of Apurinic sites.
AB  - Escherichia coli cells contain an enzyme which hydrolyzes a phosphodiester bond
      near each apurinic site in double-stranded DNA. This endonuclease is specific for
      apurinic sites; it has no effect on normal DNA, and its action on alkylated DNA
      is restricted to apurinic sites. In vitro incubation with the endonuclease for
      apurinic sites, DNA polymerase I, and ligase permits repair of DNA containing
      apurinic sites. The endonuclease for apurinic sites might thus play a role in
      cell survival after a treatment with alkylating agents; as DNA spontaneously
      loses purines, the enzyme might also play a role in the maintance of a normal DNA
      in every cell. Indeed, an endonuclease for apurinic sites has been found not only
      in bacteria but also in animal and plant cells; it is very active in thermophilic
      bacteria.

PMID- 172059
TI  - Influence of repair on the specificity of ultraviolet-induced reversion of an
      ochre alleles of the structural gene for iso-1-cytochrome c.
AB  - The specific action of UV on the reversion of the ochre allele cycl-9, in which
      21 out of 23 revertants have been shown to arise from A-T-to-G.C transitions at
      position one in the UAA codon, was found to depend on the function of the RAD6
      gene, since cycl-9 reversion occurred by a variety of single-base-pair
      substitutions in a strain carrying the rad6-1 allele.

PMID- 172060
TI  - Thymine dimer excision by extracts of human cells.

PMID- 172061
TI  - Animal viruses, radiation, repair mechanisms, and cancer.

PMID- 172062
TI  - Repair of DNA strand breaks in progeric fibroblasts and aging human diploid
      cells.
AB  - The rate of rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by 10 krad of gamma
      irradiation has been studied in normal human diploid skin fibroblasts and in skin
      fibroblasts from six patients with symptoms of progeria. Although slightly more
      rapid in very early passage, the repair rate in normal cells was similar
      throughout most of their life span in vitro. The appearance of cells with reduced
      repair capacity was evident as the cultures became senescent. The progeric
      fibroblasts varied greatly in their response to irradiation. The rate of repair
      was greatly reduced in two strains, whereas in two others extensive DNA
      degradation was consistently observed in unirradiated cells. Degradation was
      apparently related to the radiation received from the incorporated radiolabel.
      Normal repair was seen in progeric fibroblasts transformed by SV40 virus.

PMID- 172064
TI  - [Effect of trypsin and of the injection, technic on the immunogenic action of
      toxins from Clostridium perfringens types D and E].

PMID- 172063
TI  - The contribution of atrial stretch receptors to salt and water homeostasis in the
      human.
AB  - Studies carried out in both the human and experimental animals provide reasonably
      strong evidence that receptors contained within the atria are involved in the
      control of body water. When atrial pressure is increased (and the atria
      distended) atrial receptor discharge is increased leading to an increase in urine
      flow and, depending upon the experimental condition, a less consistent increase
      in sodium excretion. At least two mechanisms appear to contribute to the renal
      response; inhibition of the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and inhibition of
      renal nerve discharge. None of the factors presently known to alter sodium
      excretion have been shown to account completely for the increase in sodium
      excretion. The failure of patients with chronically distended atria to experience
      a chronic diuresis appears to be partly the result of a resetting of atrial
      receptor sensitivity. Recent evidence suggests that the sensitivity of atrial
      volume receptors has a species variation.

PMID- 172065
TI  - Radio-enzymic assay of oxo steroids by their reduction with the tritiated form of
      reduced nicotinamide--adenine dinucleotide.
AB  - A method of analysis is proposed based on the enzyme-catalysed transfer of
      tritium from [3H]NADH to suitable substrates. Its practicability is demonstrated
      on the examples of oestrone and progesterone with the respective use of the 3
      beta, 17 beta- and 3 alpha, 20 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase. Specificity is
      tested by application to the analysis of the plasma of pregnant women and
      measurement of the 3H/14C ratios on purification of the enzymic reduction
      products.

PMID- 172066
TI  - Isolation and identification of products from alkylation of nucleic acids: ethyl-
      and isopropyl-purines.
AB  - Ethylation and isopropylation of guanine in alkaline solution, or of adenine in
      formic acid, by alkyl methanesulphonates gave the following products: 1-, N2-, 3
      , O6-, 7- and 9-alkylguanines; 1-, 3-, 7- and 9-alkyladenines. The products were
      identified from their characteristic u.v-absorption spectra, by comparison with
      either known ethyladenines or with the corresponding known methyladenines, and
      were also characterized by mass spectrometry. Their chromatographic properties on
      paper, t.l.c. and various columns were determined. DNA was alkylated in neutral
      solution with 14C-labelled alkyl methanesulphonates and the ratios of the
      alkylpurines formed were obtained, and compared for alkylation by methyl, ethyl
      and isopropyl methanesulphonates and by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. The extents of
      alkylation at O-6 of guanine relative to those at N-7 of guanine varied with the
      reactivity of the methylating agents according to the predictions of Swain &
      Scott (1953) relating nucleophilicity of the groups alkylated with the substrate
      constants of the alkylating agents. The relative extents of alkylation at N-3 of
      adenine did not follow this correlation.

PMID- 172067
TI  - Molecular mechanisms in alkylation mutagenesis. Induced reversion of
      bacteriophage T4rII AP72 by ethyl methanesulphonate in relation to extent and
      mode of ethylation of purines in bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - Survival and reversion to T4r+ of bacteriophage T4rII AP72 after treatment with
      ethyl methanesulphonate at 37 degrees or 45 degrees C were studied in relation to
      the extent and mode of alkylation of purines in DNA of ethylated bacteriophage. A
      single-burst technique was used for reversion assay. Survival was lower at 45
      degrees C than at 37 degrees C at a given extent of ethylation of bacteriophage
      DNA, confirming that events subsequent to ethylation, probably depurinations, are
      the main cause of decreased survival. Reversion was positively correlated
      (approximately linearly except at low extents at 37 degrees C) with ethylation of
      bacteriophage DNA, showing that ethylation itself causes mutation. Following the
      concept that reversion results from G-C leads to A-T transition at a single site
      (Krieg, 1963a,b) and the suggestion that O6-alkylation of guanine generates the
      miscoding base (Loveless, 1969), it was calculated that about one-third of
      induced O6-ethylguanines at this site would miscode to induce mutation.

PMID- 172068
TI  - A method for investigating the effect of temperature on the 695 nm band of
      insoluble cytochrome c.
AB  - A method is described for computer analysis of simple spectrophotometric changes
      in particulate systems, and this has been applied to the bleaching of the 695 nm
      band of insoluble ferricytochrome c by temperature. The results show that
      insolubilization has no effect on the standard enthalpy change but lowers the
      value for the standard entropy change. This effect appears to be independent of
      the concentration of the gel matrix to which the cytochrome c is bound, but
      dependent on the ionic strength of the surrounding solution.

PMID- 172069
TI  - A double-beam rapid-scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometer.
AB  - A double-beam rapid-wavelength-scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometer system
      based on the Norcon model 501 spectrometer was construced, which enables u.v.-or
      visible absorbance spectra to be recorded at the rate of 800/s after the rapid
      mixing (within 3ms) of two reactant solutions. Each spectrum spans about 200nm in
      1ms. It is possible to record difference spectra during reactions with half-lives
      less than 10ms involving absorbance changes of less than 0.1 absorbance unit.
      Analogue circuitry is used to produce spectra of absorbance against wavelength.
      Up to 32 such spectra can be recorded at pre-selected times during a reaction and
      stored in an 8Kx8-bit-word hard-wired data-capture system to be subsequently
      displaned individually or simultaneously. Time-courses at different wavelengths
      can also be displayed. By averaging up to 216 spectra it is possible to record
      spectra under conditions of low signal-to-noise ratios...

PMID- 172070
TI  - A sensitive radiochemical assay for angiotensin-converting enzyme (kinase II).
AB  - [[125I]Tyr8]Bradykinin is degraded by angiotensin-converting enzyme to [125I]Tyr
      Arg. The reaction product can be separated completely and recovered nearly
      quantitatively from unchanged substrate by cation-exchange chromatography. Thus
      it is possible to use [[125I]Tyr8]bradykinin at high specific radioactivity
      (about 400Ci/mmol) to measure the small quantities of angiotensin-converting
      enzyme encountered in small-scale cultures of pulmonary endothelial cells.

PMID- 172072
TI  - Dephosphorylation of 40S ribosomal subunits by phosphoprotein phosphatase
      activity from rabbit reticulocytes.

PMID- 172071
TI  - The isolation of collagen-associated proteoglycan from bovine nasal cartilage and
      its preferential interaction with alpha2 chains of type I collagen.
AB  - A collagen complex from bovine nasal cartilage was prepared by extraction of the
      tissue with 3M-MgCl2 solutions, by using two different procedures. When it was
      compared with calf skin acid-soluble tropocollagen by polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis, the 3M-MgCl2-soluble cartilage collagen in the complex appeared
      to be predominantly type I in nature, consisting of both alpha1 and alpha2
      chains. The soluble cartilage collagens were digested with purified bacterial
      collagenase, and the soluble digests were fractionated on Sepharose 4B.
      Hydroxyproline-free proteoglycan was isolated in the excluded volume of the
      column eluate, and this was found to be an aggregate which could be dissociated
      to link proteins and proteoglycan subunit by equilibrium-density-gradient
      centrifugation in a CsCl-4M-guanidinium chloride gradient. Interaction with calf
      skin-soluble tropocollagen was studied by CM-cellulose chromatography. The link
      protein system did not interact, but proteoglycan from the bottom of the gradient
      did interact. In addition, when proteoglycan subunit was allowed to interact with
      collagen, there was a preferential binding to the alpha2 and beta12 components,
      and this effect was also observed with the proteoglycan material obtained from
      the collagenase digests of 3M-MgCl2-soluble cartilage collagen complexes.
      However, specificity for alpha2 and beta12 chains was not exhibited by
      chondroitin sulphate glycosaminoglycan, and it is therefore concluded that
      preference for alpha2 and beta12 chains is a function of the intact proteoglycan
      structure.

PMID- 172073
TI  - Synthesis of VLDL by isolated rat hepatocytes in suspension.

PMID- 172074
TI  - Rigid structural requirement of the 5' terminus of mRNA for translational
      activity.

PMID- 172075
TI  - The presence of multiple cytochrome b proteins in succinate-cytochrome c
      reductase.

PMID- 172077
TI  - Reduction of prolyl hydroxylase activity in L-929 fibroblasts by proline analogs.

PMID- 172076
TI  - The effect of sex on the uptake of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride
      fatty acid from the plasma of the rat in vivo.

PMID- 172078
TI  - Specific inhibition of ouabain sensitive and K+-dependent p
      nitrophenylphosphatase by polyamines.

PMID- 172079
TI  - Acetate kinase (pyrophosphate). A fourth pyrophosphate-dependent kinase from
      Entamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 172080
TI  - The mechanism of assimilation of constituents of chylomicrons, very low density
      lipoproteins and remnants - a new theory.

PMID- 172081
TI  - Cyclic GMP and lymphocyte proliferation: effects on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
      I and II activities.

PMID- 172082
TI  - Commentary: behaviourally active ACTH analogues.

PMID- 172083
TI  - Influence of adrenocorticotropic hormone, somatotrophic hormone and pregnenolone
      16alpha-carbonitrile on drug response and metabolism.

PMID- 172085
TI  - Oxidation of 7-aminothiadiazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidines and 7-aminofurazano(3,4
      d)pyrimidines by xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase.

PMID- 172084
TI  - Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase--inhibition of methanol activity by pyrazole, 4
      methylpyrazole, 4-hydroxymethylpyrazole and 4-carboxypyrazole.

PMID- 172086
TI  - [Characteristics of the inhibition of glutamate, isocitrate and alcohol
      dehydrogenases by formic, acetic and propionic analogs of triiodo-3,5,3'-L
      thyronine].

PMID- 172087
TI  - Steroidogenic and lipolytic effects of cannabinols in the rat and the rabbit.

PMID- 172089
TI  - Effects of O-2' and N6-acyl-substituted cyclic AMP on adipose tissue metabolism
      in vitro.

PMID- 172088
TI  - Cyclic AMP-linked mechanisms in ethanol-induced derangements of metabolism in rat
      liver and adipose tissue.

PMID- 172090
TI  - Effect of cellular desialylation on choline high affinity uptake and ecto
      acetylcholinesterase activity of cholinergic neuroblasts.

PMID- 172091
TI  - Connective tissue activation. IX. Modification by pharmacologic agents.
AB  - Alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agents and imipramine inhibit the increased
      hyaluronate synthesis that may be induced in human synovial cultures by
      connective tissue activating peptide (CTAP). Considerations of drug concentration
      requirements, actions of analogues, and time studies all indicate that the
      adrenergic blockers do not act in this circumstance as conventional blockers of
      alpha or beta receptor sites. It is suggested that the membrane-stabilizing
      properties of these agents may be the important determinant for their limited
      "antiactivation" effect. Ethacrynic acid, a potent and more complete inhibitor of
      connective tissue activation, appears to act via a different mechanism.

PMID- 172092
TI  - Wrist arthropathy in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease.
AB  - Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease is associated with
      chondrocalcinosis and a characteristic radiographic abnormality. In the wrist
      this abnormality consists of radiocarpal joint narrowing, sclerosis, and
      subchondral cystic degeneration of the carpal bones. These changes sometimes
      occur in the absence of chondrocalcinosis. Two investigate the significance of
      this occurrence, 18 patients with the radiographic abnormality of radiocarpal
      joint narrowing, sclerosis, and subchondral cystic degeneration were examined.
      Six had neither local wrist nor distant chondrocalcinosis. Five of the latter had
      wrist arthrocentesis and 4 had calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals. Calcium
      pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease can occur in the absence of
      chondrocalcinosis and the diagnosis is strongly suggested by a characteristic
      radiographic picture.

PMID- 172093
TI  - Proceedings: Comparison of Streptozyme test and other streptococcal antibodies in
      acute rheumatic fever.

PMID- 172094
TI  - ACTH content of pituitary glands of arteriosclerotic breeder vs. non
      arteriosclerotic virgin rats.
AB  - Acid extracts were made of the pituitary glands of non-arteriosclerotic male and
      female virgin rats and arteriosclerotic, male and female breeder rats. The ACTH
      content of these pituitary glands was determined by measuring the amount of
      corticosterone produced by the adrenal glands of healthy but hypophysectomized
      rats when challenged by the various ACTH acid extracts. The pituitary glands of
      the arteriosclerotic animals were significantly heavier than non-arteriosclerotic
      rats and contained decreased amounts of ACTH commensurate with the severity of
      the pituitary donor's arteriosclerosis. Similarly, arteriosclerotic donors had
      heavier adrenal glands but contained considerably less corticosterone than non
      arteriosclerotic virgin rats. Male breeder rats developed microscopic aortic
      lesions involving intimal mesenchymal cell and ground substance alterations
      whereas the female breeder lesions progressed from intimal ground substance and
      connective tissue changes to medial elastolytic degeneration and eventual medial
      cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia. Histopathologic examination of the
      pituitary and adrenal glands demonstrated hyperplasia of basophil and other
      cytologic elements of the pituitary gland including colloid-filled cysts and
      lipid depletion of the zona glomerulosa as well as hemorrhage and thrombosis of
      the adrenal cortex of the arteriosclerotic breeder rats. The hypothesis is made
      that repeated breeding leads to abnormal hypothalamic regulation of pituitary
      gland synthesis and release of ACTH, which, in turn, contributes to abnormal
      adrenal glandular function conditioning the aortic wall toward abnormal changes
      in mesenchymal cell activity and metabolism of connective tissue ground
      substance.

PMID- 172095
TI  - Effects of dextrothyroxine on hyperlipidemia and experimental atherosclerosis in
      beagle dogs.
AB  - Beagle dogs, 24 +/- 6 months old, fed a thiouracil-free semi-synthetic diet
      containing hydrogenated coconut oil and cholesterol (SS diet) for 12 months,
      developed marked hyperlipidemia and severe atherosclerosis. SS diet produced a
      marked elevation of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and beta
      lipoprotein and severe atherosclerosis in large and small arteries. Intimal fatty
      lesions were always present in the abdominal aorta and many of its branches.
      Large and small coronary arteries showed similar lesions. The degree of
      atherosclerosis was directly related to circulating lipid levels.
      Dextrothyroxine, at dose levels of 0.1 (equivalent to normal human dose) and 0.5
      mg/kg body weight, produced a significant dose related lowering of serum lipids
      and was associated with a markedly decreased severity of aortic and coronary
      artery lesions. Untreated control dogs that were maintained on purina dog meal
      developed neither hyperlipidemia nor atherosclerosis.

PMID- 172096
TI  - Serum lipids in young female survivors of myocardial infarction.
AB  - Fasting serum lipids and lipoprotein patterns were studied in 44 female survivors
      of acute myocardial infarction under the age of 45 years, and in 84 matched
      control subjects. Type II hyperlipoproteinaemia was present in 41 per cent of the
      myocardial infarction patients and in none of the controls. There was, however,
      no difference in the prevalence of the type IV abnormality, which was present in
      7 per cent of the myocardial infarction patients and 8 per cent of the control
      subjects. Mean cholesterol and triglyceride levels were both significantly higher
      in the women who had survived myocardial infarction than in the controls; the
      difference in triglyceride was attributable to the type IIb abnormality which
      occurred in 11 per cent of these patients. It is suggested that ovarian hormones
      may protect premenopausal women from type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia and its
      possible atherogenic sequelae.

PMID- 172097
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infection.

PMID- 172098
TI  - Corticotrophin after corticosteroids in children with asthma and growth
      retardation.
AB  - A study of the growth patterns of 19 children with chronic asthma, whose growth
      had become retarded while they were receiving regular treatment with
      prednisolone, showed that this trend was reversed after the substitution of
      corticotrophin.

PMID- 172100
TI  - In vivo microscopic observations of the pathogenesis of acute mouse viral
      hepatitis.
AB  - In vivo microscopy of the liver was undertaken to determine the extent of
      involvement of the hepatic microvascular system in mice infected with viral
      hepatitis (MHV-3). It was found that the major effects of the disease were
      produced in localized areas where parenchyma, sinusoids and blood were
      obliterated. However, immediately peripheral to these lesions blood flow and
      vessels were unaffected other than by localized hypertrophy of Kupffer cells.
      While each lesion produced a sinusoidal block to blood flow, portal hypertension
      did not occur even in the presence of extensive focal and confluent necrosis.

PMID- 172099
TI  - The effects of iron deficiency on rat liver enzymes.
AB  - The effect of iron deficiency on a number or iron containing enzymes in rat liver
      has been examined. In addition, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose 6
      phosphate dehydrogenase have been assayed. Of the mitochondrial electron
      transport reactions only succinate-cytochrome C reductase activity was decreased
      in iron deficient animals. Microsomal reductase enzymes associated with the NADPH
      oxidase system were also markedly decreased although cytochrome P450
      concentrations were unaffected. Both 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose
      6-phosphate dehydrogenase were reduced in young iron deficient rats but the
      former had returned to control levels at the age of 14 weeks.

PMID- 172101
TI  - The psoriasis sufferer in the community.

PMID- 172102
TI  - Immunosuppression and skin infection.

PMID- 172103
TI  - Is the cyclic AMP in psoriatic epidermis low?
AB  - A deficiency of epidermal cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) has
      been implicated as the cause of the incomplete differentiation, increased mitosis
      and increased glycogen concentration which characterize the psoriatic lesion.
      This communication contains our data on the epidermal concentration of cyclic AMP
      in the lesional and 'normal' (non-involved) skin of patients with psoriasis. In
      these studies we have introduced the following improvement in methodology: (1)
      Local ischaemia in the biopsy specimens was prevented by not giving any
      injections prior to removal of the tissues and by freezing the tissues prior to
      removal. (2) The epidermis was microdissected from the dermis prior to cyclic AMP
      assay as as to give as pure an epidermal specimen as possible. Epidermal cyclic
      AMP was found to be 20-25% higher in the skin lesion than in the uninvolved skin
      when compared on a dry weight or protein basis but essentially when compared on
      the basis of DNA content. Our conclusion is that the cyclic AMP level in the
      psoriatic lesion is not lower than that in the 'normal' skin and thus these
      characteristics in psoriatic lesions cannot be related simply to a cyclic AMP
      deficiency.

PMID- 172104
TI  - A method of liberating living cells from the dermal infiltrate.
AB  - A new technique is described whereby viable infiltrating cells can be freed from
      skin biopsy specimens. The specimens are incubated with collagenase and then
      mechanically disaggregated. The liberated cells are still suitable for
      immunological and morphological study. Using this method, the nature of the
      dermal infiltrate in patients with skin reticuloses was compared with that in
      lichen planus. A predominance of T cells was found in mycosis fungoides, the
      Sezary syndrome, and lichen planus, and of B cells in non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

PMID- 172105
TI  - Further studies of scratching during sleep.
AB  - Fifteen patients with a variety of itching skin diseases (atopic eczema,
      dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, urticaria and psoriasis) have been
      studied in the sleep laboratory. Recordings were made of all-night
      electroencephalogram, electro-oculogram, submental electromyogram, and muscle
      potentials from both forearms. Bouts of scratching during orthodox (NREM) sleep
      occurred more frequently in stages 1 and 2 than in stages 3 and 4. The frequency
      in paradoxial (REM) sleep was close to that in stage 2 sleep. This pattern was
      similar for all the diseases studied and seems to be related to the physiology of
      the sleep stages rather than to the skin diseases themselves. The mean duration
      of the bouts of scratching was not related to the sleep stage in which they
      started.

PMID- 172106
TI  - Unusual cutaneous associations of a malignant carcinoid tumour of the bronchus-
      erythema annulare centrifugum and white banding of the toe nails.
AB  - The case history of a patient who presented with erythema annulare centrifugum
      and white banding of the toe nails is recorded. On investigation for an
      underlying malignancy the patient was found to have an opacity in the lower lobe
      of the right lung. Subsequently lobectomy was performed and histology of the
      operative specimen revealed a malignant carcinoid tumour of the bronchus.

PMID- 172107
TI  - Absorption and biotransformation of topically applied 8-(methylthio) cyclic AMP.
      Studies in dogs and humans.
AB  - 8-(Methylthiocyclic AMP-35S was applied topically to the intact or abraded skin
      of dogs at a dose of about 2-5 mg/kg. In this species, an average of 7% of the
      dose was absorbed through the intact and 62% through abraded skin. Half-lives for
      radioactivity in plasma averaged 3-6 h. After the topical application of the drug
      to the intact skin of dogs, the average concentration in plasma of glucose, but
      not of insulin, was increased by as much as 21%; after application to abraded
      skin, glucose and insulin were increased, on average, by as much as 84 and 221%,
      respectively. 8-(methylthio)adenosine and two unidentified compounds were present
      as metabolites in the urine of dogs; some unchanged 8-(methylthio)cyclic AMP-35S
      was also excreted. 8-(methylthio)cyclic AMP-35S was also applied topically (25
      mg; 0-32 mg/kg) to the intact and stripped skin of normal human subjects under
      conditions similar to those used for dogs. Three subjects with intact skin did
      not absorb any of the drug, whereas three subjects with stripped skin absorbed 0
      5, 8-3, and 23-3% of the dose. The half-life of radioactivity in the plasma of
      the subject with the greatest absorption was 0-5 h during the first 2 h, and 11 h
      for the next 10 h. During the first 2 h, this same subject excreted unchanged
      drug and 8-(methylthio)adenosine in his urine. No changes in glucose or insulin
      concentrations in plasma were observed in any of the subjects nor was there any
      apparent irritation of the skin.

PMID- 172108
TI  - Plane xanthomata associated with multiple myeloma and hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - A case of plane xanthomatosis associated with multiple myeloma and
      hyperlipoproteinaemia in a 62-year-old woman is reported. The patient had IgG
      type lambda paraproteinaemia and type II A hyperlipoproteinaemia. The IgG
      paraprotein showed binding activity against high-density lipoprotein. It could
      not be demonstrated that these paraprotein-lipoprotein complexes were responsible
      for the hyperlipidaemia. Microchemical analysis of pathological skin demonstrated
      a high content of triglycerides, similar to that in eruptive xanthomata. No
      correlation was found between the lipid composition of the xanthomatous skin and
      the serum lipid composition. The results obtained with an in vitro culture method
      showed that the paraprotein present in the patient's serum was synthesized in the
      bone marrow but not in the normal or pathological skin.

PMID- 172109
TI  - Granulocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. I. Bactericidal and
      metabolic capabilities during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes.
AB  - The ingestion, bactericidal activity and metabolism of isolated mature neutrophil
      leucocytes during phagocytosis was studied in 17 patients with chronic
      granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) with the simultaneous use of normal controls. Seven
      patients had received no treatment and the others had been treated previously
      with Busulphan. The phagocytic indices for killed yeast cells did not differ from
      those of the controls. A diminished bactericidal activity against E. coli was
      found in nine CGL cases. The bactericidal capacity closely correlated with the
      degree of leucocytosis since patients with a WBC count of 90 000/mul or higher
      with one exception showed decreased bactericidal activities while patients with
      WBC counts below 90 000/mul with two exceptions showed normal bactericidal
      activities. The [I-14C]-glucose oxidation during phagocytosis was increased in
      four patients and decreased in three patients. Some correlation was found between
      abnormally high or low [I-14C]glucose oxidation and diminished bactericidal
      activity. The intracellular iodination reaction during phagocytosis was decreased
      in 10 cases while the extracellular iodination was increased in six cases and
      decreased in one case. The data for granulocyte iodination did not correlate with
      WBC count, bactericidal capacity or [I-14C]glucose oxidation. The time course for
      the bactericidal activity and granulocyte iodination seemed to deviate from the
      controls indicating a slow initial ingestion and/or degranulation phase. The CGL
      granulocyte content of myeloperoxidase was normal or increased, the lysozyme
      content was decreased in half of the cases while the amount of antibacterial
      cationic proteins was increased, normal or low. The present findings indicate a
      variety of abnormalities in the mature CGL granulocyte, which are not closely
      interrelated.

PMID- 172110
TI  - Activated oxygen and haemolysis.

PMID- 172111
TI  - Partial myeloperoxidase deficiency in a case of preleukaemia. I. Studies of fine
      structure and peroxidase synthesis of promyelocytes.
AB  - The ultrastructural localization of peroxidase activity has been studied in the
      circulating neutrophils and in a neutrophilic series of bone marrow cells from a
      patient with preleukaemia. Light microscopic examination showed 36% of the
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes to be totally devoid of myeloperoxidase, while 50%
      were normally stained and 14% were slightly positive for this enzyme. Electron
      microscopic studies revealed considerable heterogeneity in the promyelocyte
      population, since the number of peroxidase-deficient azurophil granules was seen
      to vary from 0 to 100% in these cells. Thus, several types of promyelocytes were
      identified. One cell type, which resembled that seen in normal subjects,
      contained myeloperoxidase within its azurophil granules and also within the
      cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. A second type of
      promyelocyte, which was at an early stage of development, lacked myeloperoxidase
      in its secretory apparatus. These cells contained two species of azurophil
      granules, the first of which was devoid of peroxidase activity whereas the other
      reacted positively. These observations suggest that the premature arrest of
      myeloperoxidase synthesis in the promyelocytes from a preleukaemic patient may
      give rise to several populations of circulating neutrophils which can exhibit
      varying contents of myeloperoxidase.

PMID- 172112
TI  - Partial myeloperoxidase deficiency in a case of preleukaemia. II. Defects of
      degranulation and abnormal bactericidal activity of blood neutrophils.
AB  - A patient with a refractory anaemia preceding acute myeloblastic leukaemia had an
      increased susceptibility to infection due to Staphylococcus aureus. 36% of
      neutrophils lacked myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and, in vitro, these
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) had a defect of bactericidal activity against
      Staphylococcus aureus. Cytochemical studies of phagocytosis with the electron
      miscroscope have shown that the degranulation of primary granules (MPO+ or MPO-)
      was normal after phagocytosis of Escherichia coli which were normally lysed. A
      defective destruction of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans was observed
      in some PMN with or without MPO activity, suggesting that MPO deficiency itself
      was not the only cause of this defect. In PMN which appeared normal, most MPO(+)
      granules were unable to fuse with the phagocytic vacuole containing intact germs
      even after 90 min of contact. There was, therefore, in addition to a partial MPO
      deficiency, a defect in cellular degranulation. This defect, the mechanism of
      which is unknown, may be in part responsible for the defective bacterial
      degradation.

PMID- 172113
TI  - Sodium periodate modification of factor VIII procoagulant activity.
AB  - Chemical treatment of human factor VIII by sodium periodate resulted in increased
      levels of procoagulant activity when measured by the two-stage assay. Increased
      levels of factor-VIII activity were observed following periodate treatment of
      factor-VII concentrates and normal, haemophilic and von Willebrand's disease
      plasmas. However, sodium periodate treatment of haemophilic plasmas which were
      completely deficient in factor-VIII activity did not cause any reduction in the
      clotting times of two-stage assays. No increase in procoagulant activity
      following oxidation of factor VIII could be detected by the one-stage assay
      method. Gel filtration of factor-VIII concentrates before periodate treatment
      showed that the protein exhibiting factor-VIII activity had an apparent molecular
      weight in excess of 1 000 000, whilst after periodate treatment the apparent
      molecular weight was reduced to 690 000.

PMID- 172114
TI  - An approach to the supervision of paraprofessionals working with the mentally
      ill.

PMID- 172115
TI  - Primary carcinoma of stomach with uterine metastasis.
AB  - Curettings from a 42-year-old woman who suffered from heartburn, weight loss and
      irregular vaginal bleeding showed apparently metastatic mucoid adenocarcinoma in
      the endocervix. The primary site of tumour was not evident. At laparotomy a
      gastric adenocarcinoma was found and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo
      oophorectomy and partial gastrectomy were performed. Histological examination
      showed a diffuse mucoid adenocarcinoma of stomach with metastases to lymph nodes,
      uterine body, cervix and one ovary. The literature about metastasis of
      extragenital cancer to the uterus is reviewed and possible mechanisms are
      discussed.

PMID- 172116
TI  - Mechanism and specificity of rhodopsin phosphorylation.
AB  - Partial separation of protein kinase activity from rhodopsin in isolated bovine
      retinal photoreceptor outer segments was accomplished by mild ultrasonic
      treatment followed by ultracentrifugation. Residual kinase activity in the
      rhodopsin-rich sediment was destroyed by chemical denaturation which did not
      affect the spectral properties of the rhodopsin. The retinal outer segment kinase
      was found to be specific for rhodopsin, since in these preparations it alone of
      several bovine protein kinases was capable of phosphorylating rhodopsin in the
      light. The phosphorylation reaction apparently requires a specific conformation
      of the rhodopsin molecule since it is abolished by heat denaturation of
      rhodopsin, and it is greatly reduced or abolished by treatment of the visual
      pigment protein with potassium alum after the rhodopsin has been "bleached" by
      light. When kinase and rhodopsin or opsin fractions were prepared from dark
      adapted and bleached outer segments and the resultant fractions were mixed in
      various combinations of bleached and unbleached preparations, the observed
      pattern of light-activated phosphorylation was consistent only with the
      interpretation that a conformational change in the rhodopsin molecule in the
      light exposes a site on the visual pigment protein to the kinase and ATP. These
      results rule out the possibility of a direct or indirect (rhodopsin-mediated)
      light activation of the kinase. Finally, phosphorylation of retinal outer segment
      protein in monochromatic lights of various wavelengths followed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that both rhodopsin and the
      higher molecular weight visual pigment protein reported by several laboratories
      have the same action spectrum for phosphorylation. This result is consistent with
      the suggestion that the higher molecular weight species is a rhodopsin dimer.

PMID- 172117
TI  - The subunit structure of the cytochrome c oxidase complex.
AB  - The subunit structure of the cytochrome c oxidase complex has been obtained for
      three preparations each isolated by a different detergent procedure. Six
      polypeptides were present in all samples with the following molecular weights:
      subunits I, 36000; II, 22500, III, 17100; IV, 12500; V, 9700; and VI, 5300. These
      subunits have been purified by gel filtration in sodium dodecyl sulfate or in 6 M
      guanidine hydrochloride and their amino acid compositions have been determined.
      Subunit I is hydrophobic in character with a polarity of 35.7%. Subunits II
      through VI are more hydrophilic with polarities of 45.5, 48.6, 47.8, 49.7, and
      53.7%, respectively.

PMID- 172118
TI  - Requirement for protein synthesis in the regulation of protein breakdown in
      cultured hepatoma cells.
AB  - The modes of action of insulin and of inhibitors of protein synthesis on the
      degradation of labeled cellular proteins have been studied in cultured hepatoma
      (HTC) cells. Protein breakdown is accelerated upon the deprivation of serum
      (normally present in the culture medium), and this enhancement is inhibited by
      either insulin or cycloheximide. An exception is a limited class of rapidly
      turning over cellular proteins, the degradation of which is not influenced by
      insulin or cycloheximide. Alternative hypotheses to explain the relationship of
      protein synthesis to the regulation of protein breakdown, viz., control by  the
      levels of precursors of protein synthesis, regulation by the state of the
      ribosome cycle, or requirement for a product of protein synthesis, have been
      examined. Protein breakdown was not influenced by amino acid deprivation, and
      measurements of valyl-tRNA levels in HTC cells subjected to various experimental
      conditions showed no correlation between the levels of charged tRNAVal and the
      rates of protein degradation. Three different inhibitors of protein synthesis
      (puromycin, pactamycin, and cycloheximide) suppressed enhanced protein breakdown
      in a similar fashion. A direct relationship was found between the respective
      potencies of these drugs to inhibit protein synthesis and to block enhanced
      protein breakdown. When cycloheximide and insulin were added following a prior
      incubation of HTC cells in a serum-free medium, protein breakdown was maximally
      suppressed within 15-30 min. Actinomycin D inhibited protein breakdown only after
      a time lag of about 90 min. It is suggested that the regulation of protein
      breakdown in hepatoma cells requires the continuous formation of a product of
      protein synthesis, in a manner analogous to the mode of the control of this
      process in bacteria.

PMID- 172119
TI  - Kinetics of hydrogen-deuterium exchange in adenosine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate, and poly(riboadenylic acid) determined by laser-Raman
      spectroscopy.
AB  - Pseudo-first-order rate constants governing the deuterium exchange of 8-CH groups
      in adenosine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, and
      poly(riboadenylic acid) (poly(rA)) were determined as a function of temperature
      in the range 20-90 degrees C by means of laser-Raman spectroscopy. For 5'-rAMP,
      the logarithm of the rate constant exhibits a strictly linear dependence on
      reciprocal temperature, i.e., kpsi = Ae-Ea/RT, with A = 2.3 X 10(14) hr-1 and Ea
      = 24.2 +/- 0.6 kcal/mol. For cAMP, above 50 degrees C, kpsi is nearly identical
      in magnitude and temperature dependence to that of 5'-rAMP. However, below 50
      degrees C, isotope exchange in cAMP is much more rapid than in 5'-rAMP,
      characterized by a lower activation energy (17.7 kcal/mol) and frequency factor
      (9.6 X 10(9) hr-1). Exchange in poly(rA) is considerably slower than in 5'-rAMP
      at all temperatures, but like cAMP the in k vs. 1/T plot may be divided into high
      temperature and low temperature domains, each characterized by different
      Arrhenius parameters. Above 60 degrees C, poly(rA) gives Ea = 22.0 kcal/mol and A
      = 3.2 X 10(12) hr-1, while below 60 degrees C, Ea = 27.7 kcal/mol and A = 1.8 X
      10(16) hr-1. Thus, increasing the temperature above 60 degrees C does not
      diminish the retardation of exchange in poly(rA) vis a vis 5'-rAMP. These results
      indicate that the distribution of electrons in the adenine ring of cAMP is
      altered by lowering the temperature below 50 degrees C, although no similar
      perturbation occurs for 5'-rAMP. Retardation of exchange in poly(rA) is most
      probably due to base stacking at lower temperatures and to steric hindrance from
      the ribopolymer backbone at higher temperatures. We also report the spectral
      effects of deuterium exchange on the vibrational Raman frequencies of 5'-rAMP,
      cAMP, and poly(rA) and suggest a number of new assignments for the 5' and cyclic
      ribosyl phosphate groups.

PMID- 172120
TI  - Activation of liver alcohol dehydrogenases by imidoesters generated in solution.
AB  - Various omega-halogenated carboxy acids and amides were evaluated as potential
      active-site-directed reagents for alcohol dehydrogenase. 2-Bromoacetamide and
      bromoacetic and 3-bromopropionic acids inactivated the enzyme; AMP, NAD+, and
      NADH markedly decreased the rate of inactivation. Some omega-halogenated
      carboxyamides, X(CH2)nCONH2, increased the activity of the enzyme with the rate
      and extent of activation depending on the number of methylene units (n) in the
      order 3 greater than 4 greater than 2 and on X in the order Br greater than Cl. 4
      Chlorobutyramide (0.1 M) activated the horse liver enzyme 20-fold in 24 hr at pH
      8.0 and 25 degrees. The activation was not prevented by AMP or 2,2-bipyridine,
      but was by NADH. The kinetic constants and turnover numbers for human and horse
      liver alcohol dehydrogenases treated with chlorobutyramide were increased
      markedly compared to those for native enzymes. Alcohol dehydrogenase treated with
      chlorobutyramide was not further activated by methyl picolinimidate, an
      imidoester which activates native enzyme by modifying amino groups in the active
      sites. Chlorobutyramide does not appear to react directly with the enzyme but
      cyclizes in the reaction medium to form an intermediate imidoester, 2
      iminotetrahydrofuran, which reacts with most of the amino groups of the enzyme.

PMID- 172121
TI  - Activation of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase by enzymatic removal of sialic
      acid from intact neuroblastoma and astroblastoma cells in culture.
AB  - Removal of sialic acid from intact mammalian nervous system cells in tissue
      culture is accompanied by an immediate increase in cellular cholinesterase
      activity. Treatment of hamster astroblast cells (clonal line NN) and mouse
      neuroblastoma cells (clonal lines S21, N18, and N115) for brief periods with a
      low level of Clostridium perfringens sialidase, 5 X 10(-3) units/ml, removed 1-15
      mug of sialic acid per mg of cell protein and brought about a large increase in
      v0 and Vmax of cellular acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). Butyrylcholinesterase
      (EC 3.1.1.8) activities also increased upon careful enzymatic removal of cellular
      sialic acid, and cells with characteristically low butyrylcholinesterase
      activity, e.g., adrenergic clonal line N115 neuroblasts displayed relatively high
      activity after treatment with sialidase. These findings open the possibility that
      adaptive regulation of cholinesterases in mammalian cells may be mediated rapidly
      through changes in their sialic acid content.

PMID- 172122
TI  - The interaction of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen
      peroxide: chemiluminescence and peroxidation.
AB  - Reaction of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with H2O2 was accompanied by
      a luminescence whose intensity was a function of the concentration of H2O2 and
      whose duration was coincident with the inactivation of the enzyme by this
      reagent. Oxygen, which protected against inactivation, also diminished the
      luminescence. Several other compounds which prevented the inactivation by H2O2
      also modified the luminescence. Thus urate, formate, and triethylamine inhibited
      luminescence whereas imidazole and xanthine augmented it. These seemingly
      contrary effects can be explained by assuming that the compounds which protected
      the enzyme were peroxidized in competition with the sensitive group on the
      enzyme. The luminescence arises because that group on the enzyme was oxidized to
      a product in an electronically excited state, which could return to the ground
      state by emitting light. Imidazole and xanthine gave electronically excited
      products whose quantum efficiency was greater than that of the group on the
      enzyme, whereas urate, formate, and triethylamine gave products with much lower
      luminescent efficiencies. This superoxide dismutase could catalyze the
      peroxidation of a wide range of compounds, including ferrocytochrome c, luminol,
      diphenylisobenzofuran, dianisidine, and linoleic acid. In control experiments,
      boiled enzyme was inactive. This peroxidative activity can lead to unexpected
      effects when superoxide dismutase is added to H2O2-producing systems, as a probe
      for the involvement of O2-. Several examples from the literature are cited to
      illustrate the misinterpretations which this previously unrecognized peroxidative
      activity can generate.

PMID- 172123
TI  - Inactivation of rabbit, pig, and carp adenylate kinases by N6-o- and p
      fluorobenzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphates.
AB  - N6-O- and p-fluorobenzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphates (IIIc and IIc, respectively)
      have been synthesized as potential adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) site-directed
      reagents for enzymes. IIc and IIIc were substrates of yeast hexokinase; neither
      they nor the corresponding ADP derivatives inactivated yeast hexokinase or rabbit
      pyruvate kinase. IIc rapidly inactivated rabbit and carp muscle adenylate
      kinases; the effect is probably ATP site directed because N6-benzoyl-ATP did not
      inactivate and was a substrate (Vmax = 28 and 10%, respectively, that of ATP),
      and because of ATP retarded the inactivation. The inactivations followed pseudo
      firsr-order kinetics; in the presence of 2.64 mM ATP at 0 degrees the half-life
      of the rabbit kinase was 210 min with 50 muM IIc and the half-life of the carp
      kinase was 130 min with 100 muM IIc. Adenylate kinase of pig muscle was
      inactivated by IIc in a manner similar to the rabbit and carp enzymes except that
      the rate of inactivation exhibited an inflexion. IIIc inactivated rabbit, pig,
      and carp adenylate kinases by pseudo-first-order kinetics; the rate constants for
      inactivation at 0 degrees were 9.1 X 10(-3), 1.3 X 10(-3), and 1.9 X 10(-3) min-1
      and the apparent dissociation constants (K) of the IIIc-enzyme complexes were
      710, 970, and 720 muM, respectively. From the substrate properties of IIIc alone
      and in admixture with ATP its dissociation constants (Ki) from the ATP sites of
      the enzymes were found to be 500, 700, and 845 muM, respectively. The similarity
      between the K and Ki values, together with marked retardation of the
      inactivations by ATP, indicates that IIIc is an ATP-site-directed reagent for the
      three adenylate kinases.

PMID- 172124
TI  - Uridine diphosphate glucose synthase from calf liver: determinants of enzyme
      activity in vitro.
AB  - The reaction catalyzed by calf liver uridine diphosphate glucose synthase
      (pyrophosphorylase) (EC 2.7.7.9; UTP + glucose 1-phosphate = UDP-glucose + PPi)
      is an example of an enzymic reaction in which a nucleoside triphosphate other
      than ATP is the immediate source of metabolic energy. Kinetic properties of the
      enzyme, acting in the direction of UCP-glucose formation were investigated in
      vitro. The reaction was inhibited by UDP-glucose (0.072), Pi (11), UDP (1.6), UDP
      xylose (0.87), UDP-glucuronate (1.3), and UDP-galacturonate (0.95). The numbers
      in parentheses indicate the concentration (mM) required for half-maximal
      inhibition under the conditions used. Other compounds tested, including ATP, ADP,
      and AMP, had no effect. Over a range of concentrations of UTP (0.04-0.8 MM) and
      UDP-glucose (0.05-0.03 mM), the reaction rate was more dependent on the
      concentration ratio [UDP-glucose]/[UTP] than on the absolute concentration of
      either compound. Comparison of the kinetic properties in vitro with estimates of
      metabolite levels in vivo suggests that (1) the enzyme operates in a range far
      from its maximal rate, and (2) the concentrations of glucose 1-phosphate and Pi
      and the ratio [UDP-glucose]/[UTP] may be the most important determinants of UDP
      glucose synthase activity.

PMID- 172125
TI  - Membrane potential and active transport in membrane vesicles from Escherichia
      coli.

PMID- 172126
TI  - Rotational correlation times and partition coefficients of a spin label solute in
      lecithin vesicles.
AB  - Di-tert-butylnitroxide dissolved in an aqueous suspension of egg yolk lecithin
      vesicles is distributed between the two phases. Partition coefficients of the
      nitroxide between the lipid and the water, calculated from the nitroxide electron
      paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, decrease with decreasing temperature until
      approximately the freezing point of the solvent. Below this temperature the
      nitroxide is detected only in the lecithin. The rotational correlation times of
      the spin label present in the lecithin were calculated for the temperature range
      from +45 to -60 degrees C. At low temperatures, the EPR spectra are
      characteristic of a superposition of two spectra resulting from the nitroxide
      dissolved in the lipid in two environments with different rotational correlation
      times.

PMID- 172127
TI  - Quantitative aspects of hormone-receptor interactions of high affinity. Effect of
      receptor concentration and measurement of dissociation constants of labeled and
      unlabeled hormones.
AB  - It is demonstrated that because of limitations in the magnitude of the specific
      activity of radiolabeled hormone derivatives, direct binding studies of hormone
      receptor interactions of high affinity (10(-9) -10(-11) M, depending on whether
      3H- or 123I-labeled hormones are used) will be subject to artifactual distortions
      due to the need to utilize high concentrations of the receptor. If the
      concentration of the receptor is not ten times lower than the true affinity
      constant, the apparent dissociation constant obtained from direct concentration
      binding curves will vary as a linear function of the receptor concentration. In
      addition, at high receptor concentrations saturability becomes difficult to
      demonstrate experimentally and the binding data yield apparently non-hyperbolic,
      sigmoidal curves which can be mistakenly interpreted to depict cooperative
      interactions. Similar artifacts related to receptor concentration are predicted
      for measurements of the hormone concentration dependence of biological proce-ses
      (e.g. activation of adenylate cyclase, transport processes, etc.). Methods for
      detecting these effects, and correctly measuring affinities for labeled and
      unlabeled hormones under these conditions, are described. The implications for
      measuring the binding properties of hormone-receptor interactions are discussed,
      especially in reference to studies of the comparative analysis of receptor
      function in altered metabolic states and to studies relating the biological and
      binding properties of hormones.

PMID- 172129
TI  - Symmetry, orientation and rotational mobility in the a3 heme of cytochrome c
      oxidase in the inner membrane of mitochondria.
AB  - The photoinduced linear dichroism of absorption changes resulting from photolysis
      of the complex between heme a3 of the cytochrome oxidase and CO is studied. The
      experiments started from isotropic solutions or suspensions of the enzyme both in
      its isolated form and in mitochondria. The anisotropy responsible for the linear
      dichroism was induced by excitation with a flash of linearly polarized light. The
      dichroic ratios observed with various systems; polymerized enzyme in solution,
      enzyme in mitochondria and in submitochondrial particles (at 20 degrees C as well
      as at liquid N2-temperature) all approached a value of 4/3 which characterizes a
      chromophore which is circularly degenerate. Therefrom we conclude that the
      interaction of heme a3 with its microenvironment within the protein does not
      break its four-fold symmetry. The experiments with mitochondria and
      submitochondrial particles suspended in aqueous buffer revealed similarly high
      dichoric ratios without any dichroic relaxation other than a rather slow one
      which could be attributed to the rotation of the whole organelle in the
      suspending medium. Therefrom we conclude that the cytochrome oxidase either is
      totally immobilized in the membrane, or that it carries out only limited
      rotational diffusion around a single axis coinciding with the symmetry axis of
      heme a3. In the light of independent evidence for a transmembrane arrangement of
      the oxidase and for the general fluidity of the inner mitochondrial membrane we
      consider anisotropic mobility of the cytochrome oxidase around an axis normal to
      the plane of the membrane as the most likely interpretation. Then our
      experimental results imply that the plane of heme a3 is coplanar to the membrane.

PMID- 172128
TI  - Redox state of respiratory chain enzymes and potassium transport in silkworm mid
      gut.
AB  - The midgut of Hyalophora cecropia actively transports potassium from hemolymph to
      lumen and the energy for this process appears to be intimately linked to
      oxidative metabolism. In the present investigation, we monitored concurrently the
      rate of active transport and the redox levels of the components of the
      respiratory chain in the intact tissue under a variety of experimental
      conditions. Approximately equal concentrations of cytochromes a3, a, c and b-557
      were found. Other investigators (Pappenheimer, Jr, A.M. and Williams, C.M. (1954)
      J. Biol. Chem. 209, 915, Shappirio, D.G. and Williams, C.M. (1957) Proc. R. Soc.
      Lond. Ser. B 147, 233 and Chance, B. and Pappenheimer, Jr, A.M. (1957) J. Biol,
      Chem, 209, 931) have indentified cytochrome b-557 with b5 and found that it
      exists primarily in an extramitochondrial location. Steady-state experiments
      demonstrated that all these cytochromes were approximately 50% reduced while
      active transport proceeded at a high rate in regular cecropia Ringer containing
      32 mM KCl. When the potassium concentration was reduced, the active transport
      decreased and all the cytochromes became more oxidized. Addition of 1 mM cyanide
      inhibited active transport by 90% and caused a 100% reduction of all cytochromes.
      Redox state and short circuit current (Isc) kinetics measured as the tissue was
      made anoxic showed that all the respiratory enzymes, except cytochrome b-557,
      became fully reduced at a faster rate than the rate of inhibition of the Isc. The
      rate of cytochrome b-557 reduction followed kinetically the Isc. These
      observations are interpreted in a scheme where cytochrome b-557 (possibly b5)
      branches off cytochrome c from the conventional resporatory chain, utilizing
      cytochrome a3 as the terminal oxidase for both branches. Cytochrome b-557 may be
      involved in providing a direct link between oxidative metabolism and active
      transport in the midgut of the silkworm.

PMID- 172130
TI  - ATPase complex and oxidative phosphorylation in chloramphenicol-induced
      megamitochondria from mouse liver.
AB  - 1. Functional properties of the ATPase complex are investigated in
      megamitochondria isolated from livers of weanling mice fed a diet containing 2%
      chloramphenicol, as an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis. 2. Whereas
      the specific activity of ATPase remains unchanged in chloramphenicol-induced
      megamitochondria, about 40% of the enyzme activity is resistant to inhibition by
      oligomycin, triethyltin or venturicidin. It is concluded that the ATPase complex
      lacks one or more components whose synthesis or accumulation is dependent on
      mitochondrial translation. The inhibitor-resistant ATPase portion appears tightly
      bound to the mitochondrial membrane. 3. Respiratory chain phosphorylation is
      tightly coupled in isolated megamitochondria. ATP synthesis and ATP-Pi exchange
      are diminished by 40%, as compared to control mitochondria, but both processes
      are sensitive to oligomycin, triethyltin or venturicidin. 4. The decrease in ATP
      synthesis and ATP-Pi exchange in megamitochondria correlates quite well with the
      emergence of inhibitor-resistant ATPase. 5. The following electron transport
      activities in the megmitochondria are reduced: NADH-cytochrome c reductase, by
      60%, cytochrome oxidase, by 80%; the amount of antimycin required to gain
      complete inhibition of the bc1-segment is diminished by more than 50%. On the
      other hand succinate dehydrogenase activity is increased by 50%. 6.
      Chloramphenicol-induced megamitochondria appear to be a useful system for
      studying the role of mitochondrial translation in the assembly of mammalian
      mitochondria.

PMID- 172131
TI  - On the nature of the iron sulfur cluster in a deuterated algal ferredoxin.
AB  - A protonated and a completely deuterated two-iron algal ferredoxin from
      Synechococcus lividus have been studied by optical, electron paramagnetic
      resonance, electron-nuclear double resonance, proton magnetic resonance and
      Mossbauer spectroscopies; temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility
      measurements are reported as well. These studies have confirmed the electron
      localized model of the active center in the two-iron ferredoxins, as previously
      deduced from studies of spinach ferredoxin, have yielded much more precise
      spectroscopic parameters for this center, and have thus greatly increased the
      confidence in this model.

PMID- 172132
TI  - Respiratory control in isolated perfused rat heart. Role of the equilibrium
      relations between the mitochondrial electron carriers and the adenylate system.
AB  - The effects of KCl-induced cardiac arrest on the redox state of the fluorescent
      flavoproteins and nicotinamide nucleotides and on that of cytochromes c and a
      were studied by surface fluorometric and reflectance spectrophotometric methods.
      These changes were compared with measurements of the concentrations of the
      adenylate system, creatine phosphate, some intermediates of the tricarboxylic
      acid cycle and reactants of the glutamate dehydrogenase system. KCl-induced
      cardiac arrest caused reduction of the fluorescent flavoproteins and nicotinamide
      nucleotides, oxidation of cytochromes c and a, inhibition of oxygen consumption
      and an increase in the ATP/(ADP X Pi) ratio. The increase in the latter was due
      mainly to a decrease in the concentration of Pi and an equivalent increase in
      creatine phosphate. The cytochromes c and  a were maintained at equal redox
      potential and changed in parallel. When the redox state of the mitochondrial NAD
      couple was calculated from the glutamate dehydrogenase equilibrium, the free
      energy change (deltaG) corresponding to the potential difference between the NAD
      couple and cytochrome c was 115.8 kj/mol in the beating heart and 122.2 kj/mol in
      the arrested heart. The deltaG values of ATP hydrolysis calculated from the
      concentrations of ATP, Pi and ADP, corrected for bound ADP, were 111.1 kj/2 mol
      and 115.4 kj/2 mol in the beating and arrested heart respectively. The
      accumulation of citrate and the direction of the redox changes in the respiratory
      carriers indicate that the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux is controlled by the
      respiratory chain. The data also show a near equilibrium between the electron
      carriers and the adenylate system and suggest that the equilibrium hypothesis of
      mitochondrial respiratory control is applicable to intact myocardial tissue.

PMID- 172133
TI  - Water proton relaxation as a monitor of membrane-bound manganese in spinach
      chloroplasts.
AB  - First measurements of proton relaxation on chloroplast membranes are presented
      here. Experiments show that the water proton spin-lattice relaxation rate in
      chloroplast thylakoid membrane suspensions can be used to monitor membrane-bound
      manganese. The relaxation effect is reduced to 0.4 of its original value upon
      manganese extraction by washing with either alkaline Tris buffer or NH2OH/EDTA
      solution. Large increases in the proton relaxation rate are measured in the
      presence of reductants such as tetraphenylboron and NH2OH; oxidants such as
      potassium ferricyanide or 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol lead to an decrease in
      this rate. These results suggest that manganese exists as a mixture of oxidation
      states in dark-adapted chloroplasts.

PMID- 172134
TI  - Phosphatidylglycerol in lung surfactant. II. Subcellular distribution and
      mechanism of biosynthesis in vitro.
AB  - Lamellar inclusion bodies, apparent precursors for alveolar surfactant lining,
      have remarkably similar phospholipid composition to surfactant from alveolar
      lavage, but distinctly different from other fractions studied: mitochondria,
      microsomal fraction containing endoplasmic reticulum membranes, plasma membranes
      and nuclei. Surfactant contained (as % of total phospholipid phosphate): 75.5
      77.0% lecithin, 11.0-11.2% phosphatidylglycerol, 4.2-4.6%
      phosphatidylethanolamine, 3.0-3.2% phosphatidylinositol, 1.5-1.7% bis
      (monoacylglycerol) phosphate, 1.2-1.9% phosphatidylserine, and 0.7-1.5%
      sphingomyelin. Fatty acids of phosphatidylglycerol from lamellar bodies were
      similar to those from microsomes but different from those in mitochondria. Lung
      homogenate in continuous sucrose density gradient displayed two major activity
      peaks of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis: the heavier from mitochondria; the
      lighter from endoplasmic reticulum. Studies on mechanism of phosphatidylglycerol
      synthesis in vitro revealed (in these two fractions) CDP-diglyceride and sn
      glycerol phosphate precursors to phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, that hydrolysed
      to phosphatidylglycerol. In microsomes disaturated CDP-diglycerides were 1.6-1.9
      times more active substrates than in mitochondria, whereas CDP-diglycerides from
      egg lecithin were almost equally active. In contrast to lung mitochondria no
      cardiolipin synthesis was detected in microsomes. The highest specific activities
      for phosphatidate cytidyltransferase, CDP-diglyceride-inositol
      phosphatidyltransferase, choline phosphotransferase, and phosphatidylethanolamine
      methyltransferase were all found in microsomes. The present in vitro studies and
      additional evidence (M. Hallman and L. Gluck, (1975) Fed. Proc. 34, 274) support
      the hypothesis that de novo synthesis of surfactant lecithin phosphatidylinositol
      and phosphatidylglycerol takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum of alveolar
      cells.

PMID- 172135
TI  - Differential effects of denaturing agents on acetylcholinesterase: insensitivity
      of the reaction of methanesulfonyl fluoride compared to
      diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and p-nitrophenyl acetate.
AB  - The effects of various agents that could be expected to perturb enzyme structure
      in a non-specific and reversible manner (alcohols, dimethylsulfoxide,
      dimethylformamide, dinitrobenzene, urea and guanidine - HCl) have been determined
      on reaction of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) with a
      substrate, p-nitrophenyl acetate, and two irreversible inhibitors,
      diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and methanesulfonyl fluoride. In all three of
      these reactions an acyl group (acetyl, phosphoryl or sulfonyl respectively) bonds
      covalently with the active center of the enzyme. As expected, the reactions of p
      nitrophenyl acetate and diisopropylphosphorofluoridate were severely retarded by
      most of these agents. By contrast, reaction of methanesulfonyl fluoride was
      usually depressed to a far smaller degree, and in two cases was faster. These
      findings are of interest in connection with: (1) differing requirements for the
      integrity of tha active center in catalysis with various substrate analogs, and
      (2) the mechanism by which cationic substrate analogs accelerate reaction of the
      enzyme with methanesulfonyl fluoride.

PMID- 172136
TI  - Cyclic guanosine 3'-5'-monphosphate. High levels in the male accessory gland of
      Acheta domesticus and related crickets.
AB  - Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) was found in the accessory gland of
      reproductively mature male house crickets (Acheta domesticus (L.)) up to the
      exceptionally high level of 500 pmol/mg protein (10(-4) mol/kg wet weight). The
      identity of cricket cyclic GMP was confirmed by enzymatic and spectral analysis.
      A survey of 10 closely related species of Orthoptera indicated that high levels
      of cyclic GMP in the accessory gland occur in the subfamily Gryllinae, to which
      A. domesticus belongs. In these crickets, cyclic GMP in the accessory gland
      increases together with protein content during two weeks after the final molt.
      Levels are not augmented by dissection, and are independent of the presence of
      sperm in the seminal vesicles and of the production of spermatophores by the
      gland. The function of cyclic GMP in the accessory gland is not yet understood.

PMID- 172137
TI  - Ascorbate increases the synthesis of procollagen hydroxyproline by cultured
      fibroblasts from chick embryo tendons without activation of prolyl hydroxyla.
AB  - An improved procedure was developed to extract prolyl hydroxylase from tendon
      cells of chick embryos with detergent, and improved assays were developed for
      both the activity of the enzyme and the amount of enzyme protein. Freshly
      isolated tendon cells were found to contain approx. 100 mug of enzyme protein per
      10(8) cells and 40-50% of the enzyme protein was active. When the cells were
      cultured, they were found to contain the same amount of enzyme protein but only
      15-20% of the enzyme protein was active. Gel filtration of cell extracts
      indicated that the active form of prolyl hydroxylase in freshly isolated tendon
      cells and incultured tendon cells had the same apparent size and the same
      activity per mug of immunoreactive protein as enzyme which was shown to be a
      tetramer. The inactive form was found to have about the same apparent size as
      subunits of the enzyme. When freshly isolated cells were incubated for 2 h in the
      presence of 40 mug per ml of ascorbate, there was a slight increase in the rate
      of hydroxyproline synthesis. In cultured cells, ascorbate at a concentration of
      40 mug per ml caused a 2-fold increase in the rate of hydroxyproline synthesis
      within 30 min. However, ascorbate did not icrease the activity of prolyl
      hydroxylase in extracts from either cell system. Therefore it appears that the
      influence of ascorbate on synthesis of procollagen hydroxyproline by the cells
      studied here must be ascribed to a cofactor effect on the hydroxylation reaction
      similar to that observed with purified enzyme, and it does not involve
      "activation" of inactive enzyme protein to active enzyme as has been observed in
      cultures of L-929 and 3T6 mouse fibroblasts.

PMID- 172138
TI  - Dependence of gonadotropin-induced steroidogenesis upon RNA and protein synthesis
      in the interstitial cells of the rat testis.
AB  - The effects of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis upon gonadotropic
      stimulation of testosterone and cyclic AMP production by the  Leydig cellwere
      investigated in vitro with enzyme-dispersed interstitial cells of the rat testis.
      The testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin was abolished by
      cycloheximide and puromycin, and was markedly reduced by actinomycin D and
      cordycepin. During 3-h time studies, cycloheximide caused complete inhibition of
      subsequent steroid production when added at times up to 90 min after the
      commencement of incubation with human chorionic gonadotropin. Actinomycin D did
      not completely abolish the testosterone response when added at zero time, and
      became progressively less effective when added at later times during the
      incubation period. The stimulation of steroidogenesis by dibutyryl cyclic AMP was
      also completely abolished by cycloheximide and puromycin, and was significantly
      reduced by acinomycin D and cordycepin. By contrast with the marked inhibition of
      steroid production by cycloheximide and actinomycin D, the formation of cyclic
      AMP during human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation was relatively unaffected by
      either inhibitor. These results indicate that the stimulation of testosterone
      production by the Leydig cell in response to gonadotropins and dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP is dependent upon the synthesis of new RNA and protein moleucles. Thus,
      effects of gonadotropin and cyclic AMP upon both transcriptional and
      translational processes appear to be essential intermediate steps in the
      activation of testicular steroidogenesis. The rapid and complete abolition of
      subsequent steroid synthesis following addition of cycloheximide or puromycin to
      human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated interstitial cells suggests that a
      relatively labile protein is formed during gonadotropin action.

PMID- 172139
TI  - Amylase secretion by rabbit parotid gland. Role of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.
AB  - Amylase secretion and changes in the levels of cyclic AMP and GMP were studied in
      rabbit parotid gland slices incubated in vitro with a variety of neurohumoral
      transmitters, their analogs and inhibitors. Cyclic GMP levels increased 8-fold 5
      min after exposure to carbachol (10(-4) M), without a change in cyclic AMP
      levels; amylase output also rose. These effects were completely inhibited by
      muscarinic blockade with atropine, but were unaffected by alpha-adrenergic
      blockade with phenoxybenzamine. Epinephrine (4 - 10(-5) M) produced a rapid
      increase in the levels of both cyclic nucleotides and in amylase release. The
      increase in cyclic GMP level was inhibited by previous exposure of the slices to
      phenoxybenzamine, while the cyclic AMP rise was prevented by the beta-blocking
      agent, propranolol. Pure alpha-adrenergic stimulation with methoxamine (4 - 10(
      4) M) produced modest elevations in cyclic GMP content and amylase output,
      effects blocked by pre-treatment of slices with either atropine or
      phenoxybenzamine. At a concentration of 4 - 10(-6) M, isoproterenol (a beta
      agonist) failed to affect cyclic GMP levels, but promptly stimulated increases in
      cyclic AMP levels, and after a short lag, amylase secretion. At a higher dose (4 
      10(-5) M) isoproterenol produced elevations in the levels of both nucleotides.
      The carbachol-induced effects on cyclic GMP content and amylase release were
      greatly potentiated by the addition of isoproterenol (4 - 10(-6) M). These data
      strongly suggest that cholinergic muscarinic agonists and alpha-adrenergic
      agonists stimulate amylase output in rabit parotid gland by mechanisms involving
      cyclic GMP. The atropine-sensitive intracellular events effected by alpha
      stimulation may be dependent upon endogenous generation of acetylcholine. Both
      cyclic nucleotides seem to be required for the early rapid secretion of amylase.
      The unique responses achieved by the combination of carbachol and isoproterenol
      suggest that isoproterenol may increase the sensitivity of this tissue to the
      effects of cholinergic stimuli.

PMID- 172140
TI  - Collagenolytic activity of carrageenin granuloma in rats.
AB  - Collagenolytic activity at various phases of the development of carrageenin
      granuloma was investigated by measuring the amount of dialysable hydroxyproline
      formed during incubation in vitro of minced granulation tissue. Collagenolytic
      activity reached a maximum at day 8 after carrageenin injection and then
      decreased gradually, while collagen synthetic activity was rapidly decreased from
      day 4 to day 11. The significance of dialysable hydroxyproline in native collagen
      breakdown of carrageenin granuloma is discussed.

PMID- 172141
TI  - Effect of adenine nucleotides and pyrophosphate on the exchange of transferrin
      bound carbonate.
AB  - 1. ATP, ADP and pyrophosphate accelerate the exchange of carbonate of the
      transferrin-iron-carbonate ternary complex, while AMP, cyclic AMP and phosphate
      have no effect. 2. ATP promotes carbonate exchange without removing iron from
      transferrin, whereas pyrophosphate effectiely attacks both the anion and iron
      components of the ternary complex. 3. Transferrin readily takes over iron from
      its ATP or pyrophosphate complex. 4. Neither ATP nor pyrophosphate can substitute
      for carbonate of the ternary complex. These results fit in well with the concept
      that ATP may play a direct role in the iron uptake by reticulocytes.

PMID- 172142
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone and glucagon on glycogen metabolism in the fetal rat
      liver.
AB  - 1. Hydrocortisone increases in vivo incorporation of [14C] glucose into fetal
      liver glycogen in the last days of gestation, whereas in glucagon-treated
      fetuses, a slight decrease in the incorporation rate was found. 2. Hydrocortisone
      increases total synthetase activity as that of synthetase a but was without
      effect on fetal liver glycogen phosphorylase. 3. Glucagon causes a slight
      increase in phosphorylase a activity on days 19-21, and was without effect on the
      activities of synthetase a and total synthetase. 4. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP had no
      effect on the key enzymes of glycogen metabolism 1 h after injection in utero,
      whereas after 6 h an increase in phosphorylase a activity was found without any
      change in synthetase a activity.

PMID- 172143
TI  - A comparison of the structure of hamster pancreatic insulin and insulin extracted
      from a transplantable hamster islet-cell carcinoma.
AB  - Insulin has been isolated from pancreases of the Syrian hamster and from a
      transplantable islet-cell tumor of the hamster. Acid/ethanol extraction, ether
      precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography gave preparations
      of suitable purity for structural studies. Using trypsin cleavage, automatic
      Edman degradation and manual Edman degradation, a complete sequence of the
      pancreatic insulin B chain was determined. By automatic Edman degradation, the
      amino-terminal 10 residues of the pancreatic A chain were assigned and the
      sequence of carboxy-terminal eleven residues could be deduced by homology to
      other mammalian and avian insulins. The sequence assigned to hamster insulin A
      chain is identical to that of the rat, mouse and spiny mouse. The sequence of
      hamster insulin B chain is identical to rabbit and spiny mouse B chain. In terms
      of protein evolution, hamster insulin thus appears to occupy an intermediate
      position between rabbit and rat insulins. Amino acid composition, tryptic peptide
      composition and partial sequence analysis of the hamster tumor insulin showed no
      differences from hamster pancreatic insulin.

PMID- 172144
TI  - Proton magnetic resonance studies of peroxidases from turnip and horseradish.
AB  - Proton NMR spectra at 270 MHz have been measured for horseradish peroxidase and
      turnip peroxidase isoenzymes (P1, P2, P3 and P7) in both their high spin ferric
      native states and as the low spin ferric cyanide complexes. Resonances of amino
      acids near the heme have been identified and used to investigate variations in
      the structure of the heme crevice amongst the enzymes. Ligand proton resonances
      have been resolved in spectra of the cyanide complexes of the peroxidases and
      these provide information on the heme electronic structure. The electronic
      structure of the heme and the tertiary structure of the heme crevice are
      essentially the same in the acidic turnip isoenzymes, P1, P2 and, to a lesser
      extent, P3 but differ in the basic turnip enzyme, P7. The heme electronic
      structure and nature of the iron ligands in peroxidases are discussed. Further
      evidence is presented for histidine as the proximal ligand. A heme-linked
      ionizable group with a pK of 6.5 has been detected by NMR in the cyanide complex
      of horseradish peroxidase.

PMID- 172145
TI  - Size and charge heterogeneity of rat tissue ferritins.
AB  - Ferritins purified from horse spleen and from rat liver, kidney, heart and
      hepatoma were analyzed by quantitative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From
      the migration characteristics of these ferritins at several gel concentrations,
      Ferguson plots were constructed and the molecular sizes and charges (apparent
      valences) together with their statistical variability were obtained by applying
      Rodbard computer programs to the data. Finally, ellipses were drawn describing
      the 95% confidence limits of these data for size and charge and were used to
      identify those ferritins that differed in size and/or charge. By these criteria,
      many of the tissue ferritins were differentiated from one another in terms of
      their molecular size and/or charge. Among the various tissue ferritin monomers,
      the molecular sizes were essentially similar (420 000-490 000) except for the two
      heart ferritins which were larger (530 000 and 626 000, respectively). However,
      the estimated charges on rat liver, kidney and hepatoma monomers (30-38 net
      protons per molecule) differed from that of spleen monomer (51 net protons per
      molecule) while the larger rat heart ferritin also had a greater charge (83 net
      protons) than the smaller (40 net protons). Apoferritins prepared  chemically by
      removal of iron from the holoferritins had migration properties indistinguishable
      from the parent holoferritins. The migration properties of minor (dimeric)
      ferritin bands on the gels were compared with those of the monomer bands. The
      molecular sizes of the minor bands were larger than those of the major bands, and
      were not inconsistent with a doubling in size. However, charge differences
      varied, being either similar for major and minor forms (spleen ferritin),
      approximately twice for the minor form (rat hepatoma ferritin) or five times
      greater for the minor form (rat liver ferritin). These differences in behavior
      were confirmed by using minimally sieving gels, on which the major bands of horse
      spleen ferritin failed to separate whereas those of rat liver ferritin were
      readily separable. It is concluded that dimers of ferritins from different
      tissues may associate in different ways.

PMID- 172146
TI  - Studies on epsilon-prototoxin of Clostridium perfringens type D. Physicochemical
      and chemical properties of epsilon-prototoxin.
AB  - epsilon-Prototoxin of clostridium perfringens type D consists of one polypeptide
      chain of 311 amino acids with the following composition: Asp52 Thr31 Ser25 Glu28
      Pro12 Gly17 Ala14 Val28 Met5 Ile15 Leu18 Tyr17 Phe8 Lys31 His2 Arg5 Tyr2. It has
      no free cysteine but contains one blocked cysteine. The N-terminal as well as the
      C-terminal residue is lysine. The ultracentrifuge pattern gave one single
      boundary having S020,w = 2.15 S and Do20,w = 5.56-10(-7) cm2/s. Calculation of
      the molecular weight from D020,w and S020,w gave a value of 34 250. The molecular
      weight determined from sedimentation equilibrium using ultraviolet optics gave a
      value of 33 000 +/- 1000. On the other hand molecular weights calculated from a
      calibrated Sephadex G-100 column in borate buffer was 25 000 and that in sodium
      phosphate, ionic strength 0.2, was 27 500. This discrepancy between values
      obtained in the ultracentrifuge and by gel filtration is attributed to adsorption
      of epsilon-prototoxin by Sephadex.

PMID- 172148
TI  - Subfractionation of rat liver plasma membrane. Uneven distribution of plasma
      membrane-bound enzymes on the liver cell surface.
AB  - Plasma membranes were isolated from rat liver mainly under isotonic conditions.
      As marker enzymes for the plasma membrane, 5'-nucleotidase and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase
      were used. The yield of plasma membrane was 0.6-0.9 mg protein per g wet weight
      of liver. The recovery of 5'-nucleotidase and (Na+ +K+)-ATPase activity was 18
      and 48% of the total activity of the whole-liver homogenate, respectively. Judged
      from the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase in the
      plasma membrane, and from the electron microscopic observation of it, the
      contamination by microsomes and mitochondria was very low. A further
      homogenization of the plasma membrane yielded two fractions, the light and heavy
      fractions, in a discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. The light fraction
      showed higher specific activities of 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, (Na+
      +K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase, whereas the heavy one showed a higher specific
      activity of adenylate cyclase. Ligation of the bile duct for 48 h decreased the
      specific activities of (Na2+ +K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase in the light fraction,
      whereas it had no significant influence on the activities of these enzymes in the
      heavy fraction. The specific activity of alkaline phosphate was elevated in both
      fractions by the obstruction of the bile flow. Electron microscopy on sections of
      the plasma membrane subfractions showed that the light fraction consisted of
      vesicles of various sizes and that the heavy fractions contained membrane sheets
      and paired membrane strips connected by junctional complexes, as well as
      vesicles. The origin of these two fractions is discussed and it is suggested that
      the light fraction was derived from the bile front of the liver cell surface and
      the heavy one contained the blood front and the lateral surface of it.

PMID- 172147
TI  - Effect of cholesterol content on some physical and functional properties of
      mitochondria isolated from adult rat liver, fetal liver, cholesterol-enriched
      liver and hepatomas AH-130, 3924A and 5123.
AB  - The cholesterol to phospholipid ratio in mitochondria from hepatomas AH-130,
      3924A and 5123 is higher than in the particles isolated from adult or fetal rat
      livers. Nearly all the cholesterol of hepatoma mitochondria is located in
      membranes. As in liver mitochondria, in the particles isolated from hepatoma AH
      130 there is more cholesterol in the outer than in the inner membrane. In
      mitochondria from cholesterol-enriched liver and hepatomas, there occurs a
      decrease in extent of hypoosmotic and phosphate-induced swelling and a decrease
      of conformational changes linked to energy states. The phenomenon is more marked
      in particles which exhibit higher cholesterol to phospholipid ratios. A
      statistically significant negative correlation exists between the cholesterol to
      phospholipid ratio and extent of volume or conformational changes. No significant
      modifications of these parameters were found in fetal liver mitochondria.
      Cholesterol content does not influence K+ uptake by cholesterol-enriched or
      hepatoma mitochondria. Nor does cholesterol content affect the respiratory
      increment related to this uptake. As a consequence of K+ uptake, total
      mitochondrial water exchangeable with tritiated water rises 20% while sucrose
      impermeable water rises 42-48% in both adult rat liver and hepatoma AH-130
      mitochondria. Absorbance changes linked to ion uptake do not correspond merely to
      variations in mitochondrial water content. Water content is apparently not
      influenced by the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio. However, the ratio is
      significantly correlated to both extent and initial rate of absorbance decrease
      of mitochondrial suspensions during K+ uptake. The higher the ratio, the lower
      the extent and initial rate of absorbance decrease.

PMID- 172149
TI  - Comparison of the secretory processes in the parotid and sublingual glands of the
      mouse. 1. Regulation of the secretory processes.
AB  - 1. Secretion from the mucous sublingual gland of the mouse has been investigated
      and compared with the serous parotid gland. The influence of acetylcholine,
      noradrenalin and adrenalin on the secretion of glycoproteins (e.g. mucins) and
      proteins (e.g. amylase) from these glands in vitro, and the involvement of cyclic
      AMP and Ca2+ has been studied. 2. Secretion from the parotid gland could be
      stimulated by both acetylcholine and the catecholamines. It appears that cyclic
      AMP plays an important role in the adrenergic secretory process, but not in the
      cholinergic-induced secretion. In the latter case, exogenous Ca2+ strongly
      increased the secretion. 3. Mucin secretion from the sublingual gland could be
      affected by acetylcholine in the presence of exogenous Ca2+. Noradrenalin and
      adrenalin induced only a slow mucin secretion and, for this secretory process,
      exogenous Ca2+ is also required. Though cyclic AMP is present in the sublingual
      gland, no influence on its level could be detected in this gland after
      stimulation of the adrenergic beta-receptor, whereas, in contrast to the parotid
      gland, dibutyryl cyclic AMP induced only a slow secretion. Because it was
      observed that the sublingual gland of the mouse is not innervated
      sympathetically, it seems reasonable to suppose that the catecholamines stimulate
      the mucin secretion from this gland via hormonal receptors and not via the
      adrenergic beta-receptor. 4. The protein secretion from the sublingual gland
      could be stimulated by both acetylcholine and the catecholamines. An involvement
      of cyclic AMP in this process was not observed. Addition of exogenous Ca2+ is
      less important, as was found for the mucin secretion. So it has been concluded
      that protein and mucin secretion from the sublingual gland are regulated via
      different pathways.

PMID- 172150
TI  - Distribution of ferritin-conjugated lectins on sialidase-treated membranes of
      human erythrocytes.
AB  - The labeling of sialidase-treated, human erythrocyte membranes with ferritin
      conjugates of four plant lectins, concanavalin A, Ricinus communis hemagglutinin,
      Bauhinia purpurea hemagglutinin and Arachis hypogoea hemagglutinin, is reported.
      Among these ferritin-conjugated lectins, ferritin-conjugated concanavalin A and
      ferritin-conjugated R. communis hemagglutinin were found in clusters on the
      sialidase-treated membranes, whereas ferritin-conjugated B. purpurea
      hemagglutinin and ferritin-conjugated A. hypogoea hemagglutinin were found in a
      random distribution on the membranes. Furthermore, when the membranes were
      labeled with a mixutre of concanavalin A and ferritin-conjugated B. purpurea
      hemagglutinin, ferritin particles were found in clusters, indicating that the
      membrane receptors for B. purpurea hemagglutinin were forced to more together
      with those for concanavalin A. A method for the quantitative estimation of the
      clustering of ferritin particles on the membranes was also devised and applied to
      the labeling of sialidase-treated, human erythrocyte membranes with the above
      four ferritin-conjugated lectins.

PMID- 172151
TI  - Biochemical characteristics of the outer membranes of plant mitochondria.
AB  - Like the outer membranes of liver mitochondria, those of plant mitochondria are
      impermeable to cytochrome c when intact and can be ruptured by osmotic shock.
      Isolated plant outer mitochondrial membranes are also similar to the
      corresponding liver membranes in terms of phospholipid and sterol content. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis experiments indicate
      that a single class of proteins (apparent molecular weight 30 000) comprises the
      bulk of the plant outer membrane protein. There are also considerable amounts of
      polysaccharide associated with these membranes, which may contribute to their
      osmotic stability.

PMID- 172152
TI  - Thiamine transport mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 172153
TI  - Effect of colchicine on the osmotic water flow across the toad urinary bladder.
AB  - Osmotic water movement across the toad urinary bladder in response to both
      vasopressin and cyclic AMP was inhibited by 10(-5) to 10(-4) M colchicine on the
      serosal but not on the mucosal side. This inhibitory effect was found to be time-
      and dose-dependent. Colchicine alone did not change basal osmotic flow and a
      baseline of the short-circuit current (Isc) and also did not affect a vasopressin
      induced rise of the Isc. The inhibitory effect was not prevented by the addition
      of pyruvate. The osmotic water movement produced by 360 mM Urea (mucosal), 360 mM
      mannitol (serosal) or 2 mug/ml amphotericin B (mucosal), was not affected by 10(
      4) M colchicine. These results  suggest that colchicine inhibits some biological
      process subsequent to the formation of cyclic AMP except a directional
      cytoplasmic streaming process where microtubules may be involved.

PMID- 172154
TI  - Choleragen stimulates steroidogenesis and adenylate cyclase in cells lacking
      functional hormone receptors.
AB  - Choleragen stimulates steroid secretion and adenylate cyclase in three cell
      lines, adrenal tumor line (Y-1), a corticotropin-resistant mutant derived from Y
      1 called OS-3, and a receptor-deficient Leydig tumor line (I-10). Sensitivity for
      half-maximal stimulation varies from 3 to 36 pM choleragen, the I-10 line being
      the most sensitive. Latency before the onset of steroidogenesis is longer in OS-3
      and I-10 cells than in the Y-1 line. In both OS-3 and I-10 cells choleragen
      stimulates adenylate cyclase whether ITP or 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate is the
      regulatory cofactor used. In addition to the responses of the receptor-deficient
      lines, choleragen does not, during its latency, block the response to
      corticotropin in Y-1 cells; corticotropin does not block binding of 125I-labeled
      choleragen to Y-1 cells; gangliosides do not interfere with the corticotropin
      induced stimulation of Y-1 cells. We conclude that the corticotropin and
      choleragen receptors are different.

PMID- 172155
TI  - Endotoxic lipopolysaccharides stimulate steroidogenesis and adenylate cyclase in
      adrenal tumor cells.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) from Escherichia coli, Serratia marcesens and
      Salmonella typhosa stimulated steroid production in Y-1 adrenal tumor cells in
      culture with a latent period of 3-4 h. Lipid A, derived from Escherichia coli
      lipopolysaccharide, also stimulated steroidogenesis. Lipopolysaccharides and
      lipid A also stimulate adenylate cyclase activity and cause rounding of the
      cells. In contrast, lipopolysaccharides do not stimulate steroidogenesis in
      receptor-deficient adrenal tumor cells (OS-3) or Leydig tumor cells (I-10). This
      tends to rule out contamination by enterotoxin to which these lines respond.
      Although both hormone and lipopolysaccharide responses are lost in these lines,
      there was no interaction between these sites as judged by the failure of
      lipopolysaccharides to block, during their latency, the response to corticotropin
      in Y-1 cells. The possibility that the lipopolysaccharide effect is one on
      membrane conformation is discussed.

PMID- 172156
TI  - Changes in lipid metabolism and cell morphology following attack by phospholipase
      C (Clostridium perfringens) on red cells or lymphocytes.
AB  - When intact human erythrocytes were treated with phospholipase C (Clostridium
      perfringens), up to 30% of the membrane phospholipids were broken down without
      significant cell lysis. Only phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin were attacked.
      Ceramide (derived from sphingomyelin) accumulated, but 1,2-diacylglycerol
      (derived from phosphatidylcholine) was largely converted into phosphatidate. Up
      to 12% of the cell phospholipid could be converted into phosphatidate in this
      way. Pig erythrocytes and lymphocytes showed a similar but smaller synthesis of
      phosphatidate after phospholipase C attack. Phospholipase C also caused a marked
      morphological change in erythrocytes, giving rise to spherical cells containing
      internal membrane vesicles. This change appeared to be due to ceramide and de and
      diacylglycerol accumulation rather than to increased phosphatidate content of the
      cells.

PMID- 172157
TI  - A comparison of DNA from free living and endosymbiotic Rhizobium leguminosarum
      (strain PRE).
AB  - 1. Bacteroids of Rhizobium leguminosarum (strain PRE) purified from root nodules
      of Pisum sativum (var. 'Rondo') by the standard procedure of differential
      centrifugation contained considerable contamination of mitochondrial material.
      This could be removed by incubation of the bacteroid preparation with 1 M KCl/1%
      deoxycholate. 2. The DNA content of bacteroid cells of R. leguminosarum was found
      to have increased about three fold in comparison with the DNA content of free
      living R. leguminosarum bacteria. 3. No significant difference in DNA composition
      of free living R. leguminosarum bacteria and bacteroids could be detected by CsCl
      equilibrium centrifugation, RNA - DNA hybridization and DNA - DNA reassociation
      studies.

PMID- 172158
TI  - Study of biochemical redox processes by the technique of pulse radiolysis.

PMID- 172159
TI  - [Photoinduced reduction of ferriperoxidase. I. Reaction with reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide].
AB  - Photoinduced reduction of peroxidase with reduced NAD is revealed.; its kinetics
      is studied. The kinetic scheme of this process is suggested and calculated. It is
      shown that metastable excited state appears after NAD-N irradiation. This state
      participated in the reaction with ferriperosidase. It is also shown that the NAD
      radical which appears in the course of this reaction reduces the peroxidase; the
      rate constant of this process is (5 +/- 0,5) -10(4) M-1 sec-1.

PMID- 172160
TI  - [Kinetics of dark reduction of P700 centers in photosynthesis].
AB  - Relationship between the rate of dark fall of ESR I signal in the chloroplasts
      and light intensity 710 nm was studied. It is shown that the kinetics of the
      signal drop at sufficiently high levels of intensity is a biphase one. The fast
      phase (2 sec) disappears in the presence of an inhibitor of noncyclic electron
      transfer. It is concluded that the kinetics of electron transport is not
      described within the concept of the linear chain of electron carriers and a
      suggestion is put forward concerning a possible mechanism of this process which
      depends on the participation of plastoquinone in electron transport.

PMID- 172161
TI  - [Propagation of spikes in statistical neuron ensembles. I. Concept of phase
      transitions].
AB  - A system of two coupled integro-differential equations for the propagation of
      sipkes is presented. A qualitative consideration of the system shows possibility
      of concentrational phase transition in the neuron ensemble from the state of
      spontaneous firing to the strong periodic oscilltation activity. Naer the point
      of the phase transition the neuron ensemble becomes labile, which maintains
      appropriate conditons for the existence of mosaic structures in the neuron
      network.

PMID- 172162
TI  - Transmission of information by the axon. I. Noise and memory in the myelinated
      nerve fiber of the frog.

PMID- 172163
TI  - A dynamic model of retinal cells in the vertebrate retina.

PMID- 172165
TI  - Pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia: five cases representing clinical,
      roentgenographic and histologic heterogeneity.

PMID- 172164
TI  - Partial characterization of the 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate-adrenochrome
      semicarbazide interaction site in erythrocyte ghost membrane fragments.
AB  - The effect of adrenochrome semicarbazide on the conformation of erythrocyte ghost
      membranes has been studied by ANS fluorescence, lipid and sulfhydryl spin labels
      and circular dichroism. No large conformational alterations in the membrane were
      detected by these techniques. Noncompetitive quenching of ANS fluorescence by
      ADCS suggests ADCS to interact with the membrane at sites close to the ANS
      binding domain.

PMID- 172166
TI  - Familial hypophosphatemic rickets with resolution in childhood.

PMID- 172167
TI  - [Basis for the use of Pierre's method for the determination of ACTH in human
      blood plasma].
AB  - Adrenal glands of rats were immersed in Ringer-Lock solution (used as control),
      other rat adrenal glands were immersed in human blood plasma. The amount of
      corticosterone in the extracts received was estimated after two hours of
      incubation. The activity of adrenocorticotropic function of the pituitary gland
      of the patients examined was judged by the difference in the corticosterone
      indices in these extracts. ACTH (1.5 and 10 mkg) was added to the plasma to
      determine the sensitivity of this technique. Regular and significant increase in
      corticosterone was revealed. Modified Pierre's technique can be applied for ACTH
      determination in man.

PMID- 172168
TI  - [Interrelationship of the mediator receptors in the terminals of the afferent
      nerves of the cornea of the eye].
AB  - In local application of substances with a mediator action (adrenaline,
      acetylcholine, histamine) and blockers of specific receptors (dihydroergotoxin,
      inderal, atropine and of subcutaneous dimedrol) together with dicaine it was
      possible to reveal a distinct presence in the cornea of the eye of the mediator
      receptors capable of influencing one another. Pharmacological analysis permitted
      a supposition to be made that there were two receptor systems in the sensory
      nerve endings of the cornea; these systems were in reciprocal inhibitory
      relations; due to this their regular influence on the processes of excitation and
      inhibition is effected in the sensory nerve ending.

PMID- 172169
TI  - [Some indices of the activity of the brain in "rapid" sleep preceeded or not
      preceeded by delta-sleep].
AB  - In order to study the functional interaction between the delta sleep and the REM
      sleep some psychophysiological features of REM sleep were examined in REM-onset
      (without any preceding delta sleep--"early REM period") and in the REM period
      (REMP) terminating the normal sleep cycle (with the preceding delta sleep) of 92
      daytime sleep attacks in 10 narcoleptic patients. Under these conditions the
      significant differences exist in the characteristics of the dream reports and in
      subjective estimations of sleep quality and duration. Sleep was evaluated as
      "superficial" and underestimations of sleep duration took place after an early
      REMP. Correct estimations of sleep duration and evaluations of sleep as "deep"
      dominated after REMP enging sleep cycles. The results obtained indicate the
      functional interaction between the delta sleep and REM sleep existing in the
      sleep cycle and largely determining the psychic content of the brain activity in
      the REM sleep.

PMID- 172170
TI  - Determination of isozymes of phosphoglycerate-mutase (E.C.2.7.5.3) and enolase
      (E.C.4.2.1.11) in human erythrocytes.
AB  - 525 human hemolysates were tested for the isozymic patterns of phosphoglycerate
      mutase and enolase. Genetic models for interpreting the pherograms are suggested.

PMID- 172171
TI  - [Cytological aspects of various particular varieties of breast epitheliomas].
AB  - Needle aspiration for cytological investigation has been used at the Foundation
      Curie since 1954. Until 1973, no less than 3,176 mammary tumours have been
      studied by this method and comparison made with the histological findings. In the
      whole group some relatively rare carcinomas have been encountered -- mucoid,
      medullary, adenoid cystic, squamous and apocrine. Each category is described from
      the cytologic viewpoint and illustrated with an appropriate cyto/histologic
      example to show what a high degree of precision may be attained by diagnostic
      cytology in mammary cancer.

PMID- 172172
TI  - [Immunovirological factors in epitheliomas of the rhinopharynx].
AB  - The epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) suggests the intervention of
      genetic factors. These factors may be represented by a specific HL-A pattern
      (leucocyte antigens) as found in Chinese NPC patients (deficit of antigens
      corresponding to the second sublocus and discovery of a new antigen, named SIN
      2). The association between NPC and a herpesvirus (the EBV) is based on elevated
      antibodies against a variety of EBV coded antigens, on cell mediated immune
      reactions, and on the regular presence of viral fingerprints in the epithelial
      tumour cells (viral DNA and nuclear antigen -- EBNA). The serological profile
      should help to establish the diagnosis of NPC in certain cases. The association
      between genetic factors, a herpesvirus and a human tumour represents a unique
      model in human cancer research.

PMID- 172173
TI  - The effect of a PCB (2, 4, 2', 4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) on lipid-synthesizing
      enzymes in rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 172174
TI  - Dorsal thumb flap for release of adduction contracture of the first web space.
AB  - A local flap, utilizing the skin over the dorsum of the thumb, for release of a
      first web space contracture has been described. Its construction allows for full
      integumentary release, adequate visualization of underlying contracted tissues,
      and a closure that provides full thickness sensory skin coverage over the entire
      web space and key pinch contact area.

PMID- 172175
TI  - Studies on the effect of inactivated viruses on the growth of poxvirus variolae.
      II. The effect of some viruses varying in heat-inactivation degree.

PMID- 172176
TI  - Proceedings: Peptide hormones and the extinction of conditioned taste aversion.

PMID- 172177
TI  - Proceedings: Corticotrophin production by rat adenohypophysial segments in vitro.

PMID- 172178
TI  - Proceedings: Cyclic AMP in HeLa cells stimulated with cholera enterotoxin and
      methylxanthines.

PMID- 172179
TI  - Proceedings: Noradrenaline-sensitive adenylate cyclase in rat limbic forebrain
      homogenates: effects of agonists and antagonists.

PMID- 172180
TI  - Proceedings: Altered sensitivity of beta-adrenoceptor-mediated cyclic AMP
      formation in brain.

PMID- 172181
TI  - Effects of "natural oestrogen" replacement therapy on menopausal symptoms and
      blood clotting.
AB  - In a double-blind study on the value of equine ("natural") oestrogens 30 patients
      presenting with menopausal symptoms in a group practice were monitored for
      possible adverse effects on blood clotting, weight, and blood pressure. The women
      were randomly allocated to two groups and given either three months' hormone
      treatment followed by three months' placebo or vice versa. An appreciable
      amelioration of all symptoms on placebo made it difficult to asses the genuine
      value of oestrogen treatment during the period of study. Both groups made a
      dramatic clinical improvement during the first three months. Nevertheless, the
      symptoms of the 15 women who received oestrogen first returned after the cross
      over to placebo without any suggestion of a placebo response. In contrast, the
      other group who took placebo first did not deteriorate after changing to
      oestrogen. The menopausal index and the karyopyknotic index were not reliable
      guides to the need for oestrogen treatment. Hot flushes, however, were
      proportionately reduced on oestrogen and they seemed to be more readily
      eliminated in individual cases by oestrogen. The results of blood clotting
      studies indicated that natural oestrogen administration raised the levels of the
      extrinsic clotting factors VII and X and accelerated the prothrombin time. The
      findings were similar to those observed after three months synthetic oestrogen
      administration with oral contraception. Long-term studies and epidemiological
      surveys of the clinical incidence of thrombotic and other sequelae are needed
      before large-scale oestrogen replacement treatment can be recommended.

PMID- 172182
TI  - Letter: Allergic reactions to tetracosactrin.

PMID- 172183
TI  - Viruses and the aetiology of diabetes: a study in identical twins.
AB  - Sera were collected from 49 pairs of identical twins, 27 of whom were discordant
      (only one twin affected) and 22 concordant (both diabetic) for insulin-dependent
      diabetes. All were tested for antibodies to mumps, cytomegalovirus, rubella,
      Coxsackie virus types B1-5, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The diabetic co-twins had
      no more antibodies to any of the viruses than the non-diabetic co-twins of the
      discordant pairs. Antibodies to Coxsackie B2, rubella virus, and M pneumoniae
      were found more often in the discordant than in the concordant twins. In 30 of
      the 71 diabetic twins symptoms began when they were aged 4-6 years or 10-15
      years. More concordant than discordant twins were diagnosed during the months
      January to March. Hence there was no direct evidence of a virus aetiology of
      juvenile onset diabetes in these twins, and the difference in antibody titres
      between the concordant and discordant twins was in keeping with a genetic
      difference between them. The age and time of onset suggested that environmental
      factors may be important in causing diabetes in the twins.

PMID- 172184
TI  - Letter: Antipsychiatrists and ECT.

PMID- 172185
TI  - Diseases of the central nervous system. Meningitis and encephalitis.

PMID- 172186
TI  - Letter: Cytomegalovirus infection and exchange transfusion.

PMID- 172187
TI  - Histological evidence of carcinoma in a hepatic tumour associated with oral
      contraceptives.
AB  - A primary hepatic tumour occurred in a 21-year-old woman who had been taking oral
      contraceptives for two years; she was treated by partial hepatectomy. Part of the
      neoplasm showed features suggestive of focal nodular hyperplasia, while the
      remainder had the histological characteristics of a well-differentiated
      hepatocellular carcinoma. This is the first report of malignant transformation of
      a tumour in a patient taking oral contraceptives.

PMID- 172188
TI  - Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase activity in type II
      hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - The regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase activity in
      leucocytes was studied in a family with familial type II hyperlipoproteinaemia
      (WHO classification). The propositus was heterozygous and 16 other members of the
      family were studied. Leucocytes were isolated by a relatively quick and simple
      procedure and used for enzyme estimations. The results suggest that measurement
      of the regulation of this enzyme in leucocytes may be helpful in the diagnosis
      and management of the condition.

PMID- 172189
TI  - Oestrogen and androgen receptors in breast cancer and response to endocrine
      therapy.

PMID- 172190
TI  - Investigations on in vitro survival and virulence of T. pallidum under
      aerobiosis.
AB  - Motility of pathogenic T. pallidum was maintained in aerobic in vitro cultures
      for several weeks using a special medium. The latter consisted of McCoy's 5a
      medium supplemented with glutathione, sodium pyruvate, HEPES buffer, gentamycin
      (garamycin), and fetal calf serum. The virulence of the organisms was lost in 5
      to 6 days. No multiplication of the organisms was observed. Four antibiotics
      (viomycin, kanamycin, gentamycin (garamycin), and neomycin) were tested for their
      bactericidal action and possible toxicity to T. pallidum. Gentamycin proved to be
      superior to the other three antibiotics in being non-toxic to the treponemes and
      showing a possible stimulatory effect on their motility and longevity.
      Cultivation of T. pallidum in cultured cells in the presence of the enzymes,
      superoxide dismutase and catalase, in a special medium showed possibilities for
      future experimentation under monitored, reduced oxygen pressure with a continuous
      system to dismutate superoxide radicals.

PMID- 172191
TI  - Incidence of Herpesvirus hominis antibodies among blood donor populations.
AB  - The microneutralization test was used to determine the occurrence of antibodies
      to Herpesvirus hominis Type 1 and Type 2 in sera from patients attending the
      Special Clinic, Bristol Royal Infirmary, with proven herpes genitalis, and in
      sera taken from blood donors in Bath, Dursley, and Bristol, as well as from
      donors in three different prison populations. The findings in patients with
      herpes genitalis indicate that the test accurately reflects the antibody response
      expected in relation to the type of herpes virus isolated from the lesions. The
      incidence of Type 2 antibodies among the blood donors ranged from 5 per cent. for
      donors from the Bath area up to 60 per cent. among donors from Dartmoor prison.
      The findings suggested that Type 2 herpes infection could spread among longterm
      prison populations, and it is postulated that this may be due to both homosexual
      contact, and also by non-sexual contact, either directly or via fomites.

PMID- 172192
TI  - Neonatal calf diarrhoea: identification of a reovirus-like (rotavirus) agent in
      faeces by immunofluorescence and immune electron microscopy.

PMID- 172193
TI  - An androgen receptor in rat brain and pituitary.
AB  - Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding was measured in cytosols from brain regions and
      pituitary of adult female rats and, with the addition of ventral prostate, in
      adult male rats. Two types of binding were distinguished: one, saturable at
      concentration of DHT greater than or equal to 5 X 10(-9) M and an unsaturable
      component. In intact males saturable (limited capacity) binding was detected only
      in ventral prostate cytosol; 3 days after orchidectomy the saturable binding
      sites increase 3-fold in prostate and in pituitary, hypothalamus, amygdala and
      cortex to detectable levels in approximately the same abundance as in females.
      There were significant differences in the affinities of the limited capacity
      binding reactions in cytosols of different tissues though all were in the order
      of magnitude, 10(-9) M DHT. The affinity in pituitary cytosol was lower than in
      brain regions with the single exception of female amygdala in which the affinity
      was significantly lower than in cytosol of the same region from 3-day castrate
      males. The specificity of the limited capacity binding was investigated by
      competition between [3h]DHT and unlabelled steroids; the most effective
      competitors were potent androgen agonists and antagonists.

PMID- 172194
TI  - Direction-selective units in the rabbit's nucleus of the optic tract.
AB  - A class of direction-selective (DS) units, histologically localized within the
      nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) was isolated in the rabbit's pretectum. These
      units typically had a maintained discharge of 25-50 action potentials/sec and
      large receptive fields (up to 40 X 150 degrees) in the visual streak area of the
      contralateral eye. They were excited by a visual pattern moving in one direction
      and inhibited by motion in the opposite direction. The reactions were sustained.
      Excitatory and inhibitory acceptance angles were each 180 degrees. Most units
      were excited by anterior motion of the stimulus and reacted to a wide range of
      velocities (0.01-20 degrees/sec). Random checkerboard patterns (elements 0.8
      degrees), grids of black and white stripes (1, 2 and 4 degrees wide) and single
      black and white edges were all effective, with a decreasing response magnitude in
      roughly this order. A stimulus area of 2 X 2 degrees was already effective;
      response increased with area and was maximal for 15 X 15 degrees and larger
      stimuli. Latency for visual stimulation was 60 +/- 10 (S.D.) msec, for electrical
      stimulation of the chiasm 2.2 +/- 0.3 (S.D.) msec. Synaptic latency and
      presynaptic conduction velocity were estimated at 0.7 msec and 13m/sec,
      respectively. A strong convergence of retinal DS fibers upon NOT units is
      postulated. Since most properties of NOT units are compatible with those of
      optokinetic nystagmus, and electrical stimulation of the NOT elicits vigorous
      nystagmus, these data suggest that these cells are the essential afferent link in
      the optokinetic reflex arc.

PMID- 172195
TI  - [Evolution of visual evoked responses during various states of vigilance in Papio
      papio (author's transl)].
AB  - Averaged evoked responses (AER) to light flashes were recorded in baboons (Papio
      papio) during wakefulness, slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) periods,
      at the visual cortex, retrocalcarine sulcus, optic tract (OT), lateral geniculate
      (LG) and pulvinar. Waking AERs were composed: in the OT, of a negative, low
      amplitude wave at 13.3 msec (I), a high amplitude wave at 34.8 msec (II), a
      negative wave at 72 msec (III) and a late component at 151 msec; in the LG, a
      small positive wave (II) with a peak latency of 40 msec, a high amplitude
      negative wave (III) with a latency of 70 msec and a late component; in the
      pulvinar of two low amplitude short latency waves (I and II), respectively
      negative and positive at 25 msec and 40 msec, then a high amplitude negative wave
      (III) at 75 msec and a late component; in the retrocalcarine sulcus 3 positive
      waves (I, II and III) were recorded at 25, 45 and 100 msec and a late component;
      in the visual cortex, 3 low amplitude negative waves (II, III and IV at 40, 50
      and 54 msec, then a positive wave at 80 msec and some late components. In slow
      wave sleep, AERs did not change in the OT, but in the LG and pulvinar, they
      showed an increase in the amplitude of wave II from stage 1 to stage 3. At the
      cortical level, early waves (II for the retrocalcarine sulcus, II and IV for the
      visual cortex) presented a marked increase in amplitude during stages 2 and 3,
      but only a slight increase for stage 1. Peak latency increase of each wave in
      cortical and subcortical AERs was seen during slow-wave sleep. REM AERs
      resembled, in amplitude and peak latency, those recorded in the LG and pulvinar
      during wakefulness; in the visual cortex and retrocalcarine sulcus, they were
      similar to those obtained during wakefulness and stage 1. In conclusion, a
      different evoked response was found between visual cortex and deep structures
      (except for the OT): firstly, during slow-wave sleep (the AERs showed a
      difference for stage 1 between the visual cortex or the retrocalcarine sulcus and
      the LG or the pulvinar), secondly, in REM (on the cortex, REM AERs looked like
      wakefulness and stage 1 responses); on the contrary, in the LG and pulvinar, REM
      AERs were similar only to those recorded during waking. Finally, it can be said
      that for Papio papio the differentiation and structural responses between the
      various stages of sleep (particularly light sleep and REM) were greater in the
      cortex than in the thalamic structures.

PMID- 172196
TI  - Evidence for abnormal long-loop reflexes in rigid Parkinsonian patients.

PMID- 172197
TI  - Effects of stress on mouse brain cyclic nucleotide levels in vivo.

PMID- 172198
TI  - Chick phasic bioelectric activity at the time of hatching and the effects of
      previous nialamide injection.

PMID- 172199
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the articular cartilage in calcium pyrophosphate
      dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease (chondrocalcinosis articularis).
AB  - An ultrastructural study of articular cartilage from five patients with calcium
      pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease was performed. The CPPD
      crystals, identified by micro X-ray diffraction, were usually found in clusters,
      located in intercellular areas of the intermediate cartilage layer. The matrix
      surrounding the clusters either showed a normal morphology or a homogeneous
      appearance, within which faint cross striations but no distinctly fibrillar
      outlines could be identified. Another change in the matrix, characterized by an
      increased electron density and longitudinally fragmented collagen fibres, was
      also seen. This latter change was generally seen without concomitant CPPD crystal
      deposition. No specific relationship between the crystals and the collagen fibres
      or the granular background material of the matrix was encountered.

PMID- 172200
TI  - Comparative enzymatic properties of avian liver and skeletal muscle D-fructose
      1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase.
AB  - The enzymatic properties of purified preparations of chicken liver and chicken
      skeletal muscle fructose bisphosphatases (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1
      phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) were compared. Both enzymes have an absolute
      requirement for Mg2+ or Mn2+. The apparent Km for MgCl2 at pH 7.5 was 0.5 mM for
      the muscle enzyme and 5 mM for the liver enzyme. Fructose bisphosphate inhibited
      both enzymes. At pH 7.5, the inhibitor constants (Ki) were 0.18 and 1.3 mM for
      muscle and liver fructose bisphosphatases, respectively. The muscle enzyme was
      considerably more sensitive to AMP inhibition than the liver enzyme. At pH 7.5
      and in the presence of 1 mM MgCl2, 50% inhibition of muscle and liver fructose
      bisphosphatases occurred at AMP concentrations of 7 X 10(-9) and 1 X 10(-6) M,
      respectively. EDTA activated both enzymes. The degree of activation was time and
      concentration dependent. The degree of EDTA activation of both enzymes decreased
      with increasing MgCl2 concentration. Ca2+ was a potent inhibitor of both liver
      (Ki, 1 X 10(-4) M) and muscle (Ki, 1 X 10(-5) M) fructose bisphosphatase. This
      inhibition was reversed by the presence of EDTA. Ca2+ appears to be a competitive
      inhibitor with regard to Mg2+. There is, however, a positive homeotropic
      interaction among Mg2+ sites of both enzymes in the presence of Ca2+.

PMID- 172201
TI  - Polypeptide hormone receptors: characteristics and applications.
AB  - Major developments in the area of polypeptide hormone receptors have been
      reviewed. Receptors are high affinity, high specificity binding sites which
      appear to be located largely, if not entirely, on the plasma membrane of cells.
      Receptors are proteins intimately associated with and influenced by lipids.
      Receptor sites and degrading sites appear to be readily distinguishable entities.
      The binding of hormone to receptor is distinct and has been dissociated from
      subsequent steps leading to hormonal response. There is no direct relationship
      between receptor occupancy and the magnitude of target response to hormone. So
      called 'spare' receptors can be viewed thermodynamically as enhancing target
      tissue sensitivity to hormone. The binding of hormone to receptor appears to be a
      point at which regulation of tissue sensitivity can be influenced either through
      altering the affinity for hormone or the number of receptors. One factor
      apparently involved in the regulation of receptor levels is the hormone itself.
      Receptors have been used to develop assay procedures which have significantly
      complemented the bioassay and radioimmunoassay. Finally, the measurement of
      receptor levels in disease has provided new insights into pathophysiology.

PMID- 172202
TI  - Effect of temperature on the activity and synthesis of glucose-catabolizing
      enzymes in Pseudomonas fluorescens.
AB  - The activity of the enzymes of the oxidative non-phosphorylated pathway, glucose
      and gluconate dehydrogenases, were not significantly affected by changes in the
      assay temperature. Both enzymes demonstrated only a threefold difference in
      activity when compared at assay temperatures of 30 degrees C and 5 degrees C. In
      contrast, the enzymes involved in the direct phosphorylation and catabolism of
      glucose or its oxidation products, gluconate and 2-ketogluconate, exhibited a
      more pronounced response to decreasing assay temperatures. At least one enzyme in
      each pathway, involved in the direct phosphorylation and catabolism of glucose or
      2-ketogluconate (2KG), demonstrated an eightfold decrease in activity with a
      decrease in assay temperature from 30 degrees C to 5 degrees C. A similar
      decrease in assay temperature resulted in a fivefold decrease in activity of the
      enzymes involved in the direct phosphorylation and catabolism of gluconate. The
      observed differential effect of temperature on the activity of the enzymes of
      glucose catabolism and on the accumulation of direct oxidation products during
      growth with glucose in P. fluorescens E-20 is discussed. Growth with glucose at 5
      or 20 degrees C resulted in high induced levels of all glucose-catabolizing
      enzymes examined when compared with the levels of these same enzymes in pyruvate
      grown cells. However, only low levels of glucose dehydrogenase were detected
      during growth at 30 degrees C with glucose, gluconate, or 2-KG. Similarly, only
      low levels of gluconate dehydrogenase were detected during growth with glucose at
      30 degrees C, although a weak induction was observed during growth with gluconate
      or 2-KG at 30 degrees C. The levels of 2-KG kinase plus KPG reductase during
      growth at 30 degrees C were undetectable with glucose, weakly induced with
      gluconate, and fully induced with 2-KG. High induced levels of glucose
      dehydrogenase, gluconate dehydrogenase, and 2-KG kinase plus KPG reductase were
      present during growth at 20 degrees C with glucose or 2-KG. The low levels of
      glucose and gluconate dehydrogenases present at a growth temperature of 30
      degrees C was not due to heat lability of the enzymes at this temperature. The
      low amounts of these two enzymes during growth with glucose at 30 degrees C
      probably prevented sufficient inducer(s) formation from glucose to allow
      induction of enzymes of 2-KG catabolism. The results demonstrated that
      temperature may regulate the pathways of glucose dissimilation by regulating,
      either directly or indirectly, the activity and synthesis of the enzymes involved
      in these pathways.

PMID- 172203
TI  - Immunochemical studies of the surface and cytoplasmic membranes of Entamoeba
      invadens (Rodhain 1934).
AB  - The antigenic properties of cell fractions prepared from axenically grown
      Entamoeba invadens were investigated using various immunoelectrophoretic methods.
      All membrane fractions displayed varying degrees of antigenicity, the most
      predominant being a cytoplasmic light-vesicle fraction. The surface membrane
      showed the least diversified range of antigenic components and was also the least
      immunogenic fraction as judged by the reactivity of the antisera produced. Using
      tandem-crossed immunoelectrophoresis the antigenic profiles of the membrane
      fractions were compared. No evidence was obtained for the presence of either
      lipid or carbohydrate in the antigenic moieties of any of the membrane fractions.
      Using a series of sequential solvent extractions it was concluded that both
      divalent metallochelate linkages and interiorly located hydrophobic associations
      were principally involved in binding the major antigenic components within the
      light-vesicle membrane. An enzymic function was assigned to certain of the
      membrane antigens, the immunoprecipitates obtained showing both acid
      phosphohydrolase and non-specific esterase acitivity toward a variety of
      substrates.

PMID- 172204
TI  - Pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv1.
AB  - Radiorespirometric studies using glucose labelled at 1, 2, 3-4, and 6 positions
      and enzymatic studies were conducted to determine the primary pathways of glucose
      dissimilation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The pattern of 14CO2 recovery
      was C3-4 greater than C1 greater than C6 = C2. The Embden-Meyerhof pathway was
      found to be the predominant pathway for glucose oxidation, operative to the
      extent of 94%. The pentose phosphate pathway accounted for the remaining 6%.
      Maximum incorporation of 14C into cellular components was from C2 and C6 labelled
      glucose.

PMID- 172205
TI  - A comparative study on the heat stability of triosephosphate isomerase in
      psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and mesophilic clostridia.
AB  - The temperature stability of triosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1) in the cell
      free extracts of psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and mesophilic Clostridium
      species has been investigated. Even though this enzyme was found to be heat
      labile in the psychrophilic isolates, no detectable loss in activity was evident
      when cell-free extracts were heated for 1/2 h at the maximum temperature of
      growth for the organisms. Two organisms, each with a maximum growth temperature
      of 23 degrees C, showed different heat stability of triosephosphate isomerase.
      However, a trend is evident that as the maximum growth temperature increases, the
      thermostability also increases. It is suggested that the heat liability of this
      enzyme is not a controlling factor in psychrophilism, but rather an adaptation to
      the cold habitat of these organisms.

PMID- 172207
TI  - Bacterial growth in seafoood on restaurant premises.
AB  - Operational guidelines for a chain of the newer type of seafood restaurants and
      take-out stores were derived from plots of bacteriological and trimethylamine
      changes during the preparation and storage of cod fillets, shrimp, and clams. If
      fish is to be defrosted at room temperature it should be washed and portioned
      within 14 h. Subsequent storage at 5 degrees C should not exceed 72 h and once
      removed from the refrigerator it should be fried within 3 h. New stores should
      consider improved methods of defrosting. Trimethylamine content was a more
      sensitive measure of quality loss than bacterial growth. Shrimp quality can be
      improved by emphasizing the way shells are removed because most of the
      contamination was external. Shrimp shelled while still frozen had the best
      potential keeping quality. Clam meat is handled less and is always held at 5
      degrees C; but bacterial growth indicated that it should not be held on the
      premises for more than 3 days including the time necessary for defrosting. Batter
      prepared fresh daily can be feft at room temperature. Frying can obliterate poor
      handling procedures, but adequate cooking is essential under any conditions.
      Clams are a gourmet item but the practice of cooking them lightly at customer
      request proved inadvisable.

PMID- 172206
TI  - Electron microscopy of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of yellow poplar. II.
      Intracellular hyphae and vesicles.
AB  - Intracellular hyphae and vesicles in mycorrhizal roots of yellow poplar were
      examined by electron microscopy. An investing layer of host wall material and
      cytoplasm enclosed the endophyte within the cells. Young developing hyphae
      contained abundant cytoplasm and few vacuoles. As hyphae matured, they became
      highly vacuolated and accumulated carbohydrate (glycogen) and lipid reserves.
      Mature vesicles were engorged with lipid droplets, possessed a trilaminate wall
      and were also enclosed by host wall material and cytoplasm. Compared with
      uninfected cells, infected cortical cells showed an increase in cytoplasmic
      volume, enlarged nuclei, and a reduction of starch reserves. Host nuclei were
      always proximal to the hyphae during hyphal development and deterioration. While
      other cytoplasmic components of infected and uninfected cells were comparable
      large electron-dense bodies occurred in vacuoles of most cells containing hyphae.
      Deterioration of intracellular hyphae occurred throughout the samples examined.
      Septa separated functional and degenerating portions of the hyphae. Hyphal
      deterioration involved degeneration and ultimate disappearance of fungal
      cytoplasm as well as collapse of hyphal walls. Based on these observations, the
      authors hypothesize that deterioration of the endophyte may release significant
      quantities of mineral nutrients, via hyphal contents, which are absorbed by the
      host.

PMID- 172208
TI  - Kindling, unit discharge patterns and neural plasticity.
AB  - Two approaches to the study of the kindling phenomenon were discussed: 1) an
      attempt to identify the pattern of neural activity required to produce the
      changes underlying kindling and 2) an investigation into the nature of those
      changes. Three experiments were reported that used the neocortical transcallosal
      system as a monosynaptic model system in which to study possible synaptic
      mechanisms of the kindling effect. Experiment I showed an increase in the
      transcallosal evoked potential following neocortical kindling. Experiment II
      showed an increase in the strength of the transcallosal evoked cell discharge
      following neocortical kindling. Experiment III reported the results of an
      histological examination of neocortical tissue in kindled and non-kindled animals
      using the Golgi-Cox technique. Spine density, spine dimension and branching were
      measured for pyramidal cell apical dendrites. No differences were found between
      primary and secondary (contralateral) foci or between kindled and non-kindled
      animals.

PMID- 172209
TI  - Behavioral and epileptic determinants of predatory attack behavior in the cat.
AB  - This report presents studies which relate limbic epileptic excitability to
      behavioral measures of defensive suppression of predatory attack in cats.
      Correlated with heightened defensiveness to environmental stimuli among non
      killer cats is a heightened amygdaloid epileptic excitability, as well as a
      heightened conduction of amygdaloid epileptic activity to thalamic and
      hypothalamic substrates of predatory response in the amygdala to the complex
      visual stimuli presented by rat prey. These neurosensory responses correlate well
      with measures of epileptic excitability. Brain and behavior measures appear
      related since enhancement of excitability in the amygdala and of projection of
      epileptic activity by repeated electrical stimulation of predatory attacks.
      Furthermore, the ventral hippocampus seems capable of antagonizing the
      behaviorally suppressive effects of heightened amygdaloid excitability perhaps at
      points of convergence of amygdaloid and hippocampal output.

PMID- 172210
TI  - Frontal cortical kindling in cats.
AB  - Our observaiton of amygdoloid seizure development in cats indicated early
      afterdischarge propagation into basal cortical areas prior to the development of
      bifrontal sharp theta discharge. In view of the implied participation of the
      frontal lobe in amygdaloid kindling, both fractional lesioning and kindling of
      selective areas were performed. This paper summarizes out stimulation study
      involving premotor, prefrontal, mesial frontal and orbital cortices. Except for
      the orbital series which showed a rather strikingly similar pattern of seizure
      development to that of amygdaloid kindling, all areas showed significantly
      different features in terms of the speed of seizure development, afterdischarge
      propagation, fragility of developing seizure, final stage 5 seizure and post
      ictal behavior pattern, interictal discharge morphology and propagation, and
      generalized seizure triggering threshold intensity. All these findings suggest
      that the frontal lobe participates in, but is not essential for, the amygdaloid
      seizure development. The results of ongoing fractional lesion series support such
      a conclusion.

PMID- 172211
TI  - Frontal lobe and kindling in the rat.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that the cortex participates in amygdaloid kindling in
      rats, bilateral aspiration lesions were made in various cortical areas in rats
      prior to kindling. Lesions in orbital cortex (on the dorsal lip of the rhinal
      sulcus) or prefrontal cortex (area 10) significantly retarded the rate of
      amygdaloid kindling; lesions in motor cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, or
      visual cortex were without effect. Detailed analysis indicated that the orbital
      lesioned and frontal-lesioned rats kindled relatively normally up to the second
      last stage of amygdaloid kindling, in which stage they perseverated significantly
      longer than the controls and the other lesioned rats. These results suggest that
      areas of the frontal lobe participate in the elaboration and generalization of
      amygdaloid seizures in rats. Although retarded in rate, kindling nonetheless
      occurred in the lesioned rats, indicating that these cortical areas are not
      essential for the development of amygdaloid seizures.

PMID- 172212
TI  - Criteria and procedures for implicating Clostridium perfringens in food-borne
      outbreaks.

PMID- 172213
TI  - Isolation of IBR virus from a heifer with meningoencephalitis.

PMID- 172214
TI  - Cardiomyopathy after widely separated courses of adriamycin exacerbated by
      actinomycin-D and mithramycin.
AB  - A 22-year-old man with a synovial cell sarcoma attained an excellent response to
      therapy with adriamycin (NSC-123127) and dimethyltriazeno imidazole carboxamide
      (NSC-45388). Therapy was discontinued at a cumulative dose of adriamycin of 600
      mg/m2. Relapse occurred 13 1/2 months later, and therapy with adriamycin was
      restarted. Because of tumor progression, therapy was discontinued after a
      cumulative dose of adriamycin of 120 mg/m2. Ten weeks later, severe congestive
      heart failure developed which ultimately caused the patient's death.
      Exacerbations of the heart failure were temporally related to the administration
      of the antitumor antibiotics actinomycin-D (NSC-3053) and mithramycin (NSC
      24559). Electron microscopic examination of the heart revealed changes
      characteristic of adriamycin cardiomyopathy. Thus, even after a long hiatus, it
      may not be safe to exceed the recommended maximum cumulative dose level of
      adriamycin. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of adriamycin
      cardiomyopathy are reviewed, and the possible synergistic effect of other
      antitumor antibiotics is discussed.

PMID- 172215
TI  - A laboratory model for the study of the immunobiology of osteosarcoma.
AB  - Inoculation of Moloney sarcoma virus into the marrow cavity of the tibia of
      newborn Wistar-Lewis rats resulted in the appearance of an initially localized
      osteosarcoma in 97.7% of these animals. At least 77.9% of the rats developed lung
      metastases and died, usually within 6 weeks of inoculation. The remaining 22.1%
      showed regression of disease after initial growth of the tumor. Tumor cells were
      maintained in tissue culture and used as target cells for a visual and isotopic
      (3H-thymidine or 125IUdR) microcytotoxicity assay. Cell-mediated immunity could
      be measured by these methods throughout the course of the illness in animals with
      progressive disease as well as in those whose tumors eventually regressed. The
      presence of serum factors capable of modifying the  level of CMI was documented.
      This Moloney-sarcoma-virus-induced rat osteosarcoma and human osteosarcoma thus
      appear to have several basic pathologic and immunologic similarities. The model
      may be useful for studying the effects of a variety of treatment protocols upon
      the clinical course and immune response to osteosarcoma.

PMID- 172216
TI  - Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with Hodgkin's disease and leukemia.
AB  - Sera from 67 Hodgkin's disease patients, 71 leukemia patients, and 186 healthy
      subjects were tested for antibodies to Epstein-Barr (EB) viral antigens by
      immunofluorescence methods. In both disease categories, in particular Hodgkin's
      disease patients, levels of antibodies to the viral capsid antigen (EBV-VCA) and
      MGT were higher than in the healthy controls. Significantly higher titers were
      found in Jewish patients of Asian-African origin, as compared to Jews of European
      origin, with Arab patients as intermediates. The effect of ethnic origin was
      independant of age and histopathologic type. Sex had no effect on titer.
      Inconsistent differences in titer were found between age groups in the various
      ethnic-histopathologic type groups. Some of the leukemia patients had no
      detectable antibodies to EBV, while all Hodgkin's disease patients showed
      previous contact with EB virus. Antibodies to the early antigen (EBV-EA) were
      found in 27% of Hodgkin's and 37% of leukemia patients, and in none of the
      healthy controls tested.

PMID- 172217
TI  - Megavoltage irradiation in the treatment of gliomas of the brain and spinal cord.
AB  - Curative radiotherapy was attempted in treating 256 patients with unresected or
      partially excised gliomas of the brain and spinal cord. Survival decreased with
      increasing age, reflecting the different incidences of tumor types in various age
      groups. Actuarial 5-year survival ranged from 85% for cerebellar astrocytomas, to
      47% for medulloblastomas, to 41% for cerebral hemispheric astrocytomas, and 0%
      for glioblastoma multiforme. Further improvements in survival utilizing
      radiotherapy are unlikely until new adjuncts are developed, for higher radiation
      doses may lead to a disproportionate increase in radiation complications.

PMID- 172218
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervix with cylindromatous features believed to arise in
      mesonerphric duct.
AB  - A detailed description of the clinical and morphological aspects of a case of
      carcinoma of the cervix arising from mesonephric duct remnants is presented, and
      the literature pertaining to these rare tumors is discussed. At the time of
      initial surgical treatment the tumor was confined to the cervix; however,
      eventual metastatic dissemination to the bony and soft tissues of the pelvis, the
      lungs, and the lower vertebral column resulted in the patient's death 8 years
      later. The tumor appeared refractory to further attempts at treatment with
      radiation, progestational therapy, and variety of chemotherapeutic agents. The
      observation of a focal cylindromatous growth pattern, not previously described in
      tumors of this type, is presented.

PMID- 172219
TI  - Pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. With special reference to
      histochemical and electron microscopic studies and biochemical analysis of
      glycosaminoglycans in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland is classified into two types based on
      the morphology of the cells and biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycans. Type
      1: the tumors consisted mainly of spindle cells, producing a large amount of
      mucinous material, and contained not only chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate and
      hyaluronic acid but also heparan sulfate. When the tumors of this type were
      dissociated and cultivated, spindle cells proliferated vigorously as mulitlayer
      and secreted mucinous substance into the intercellular space. The cells looked
      like non-epithelial cells in a conventional culture bottle, but showed an
      epithelial-like arrangement when they were cultivated in sponge matrix or
      inoculated subcutaneously into mice. Fine fibres stained with orceine or resorcin
      fuchsin were observed in the intercellular material both in resected tissue and
      in culture. Type 2: the tumors consisted mainly of ductal cells, having no
      mucinous area, and contained little heparan sulfate. When the tumors were
      cultivated, the growth of epithelial-like polygonal cells was observed in
      monotonous pattern, producing scanty intercellular substance, and proliferating,
      as monolayer, much less rapidly than the cells of Type 1.

PMID- 172221
TI  - Artifical urinary sphincter.

PMID- 172220
TI  - Childhood sarcomas and lymphomas. Characterization of new cell lines and search
      for type-C virus.
AB  - Four cell lines were derived from childhood malignancies: rhabdomyosarcoma,
      sarcoma, lymphosarcoma and an American Burkitt's lymphoma. Cells of the four
      lines formed tumors in immunosuppressed newborn hamsters. The tumors had a
      microscopic appearance like that of the tumors from which the  cell lines were
      derived. No virus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the cell
      lines after treatment with bromodeoxyuridine; no hamster type-C virus expression
      was present in cell lines derived from the hamster tumors. Chromosome
      constitution and in vitro growth properties of the cell lines were studied as was
      the fibrinolytic function of the sarcoma lines.

PMID- 172222
TI  - Estrogen receptors in hormone-dependent breast cancers.
AB  - The determination of estrogen receptor (estrophilin) in human breast cancers,
      both primary and metastatic, can furnish information useful to the clinician in
      his choice of the optimal therapy for the individual patient with advanced
      disease. Of patients with significant tumor estrophilin levels, most, but not
      all, will respond favorably to endocrine therapy. Women whose cancers lack
      sufficient amounts of estrophilin have little or no chance of benefit from
      endocrine ablation or hormone administration and probably should be treated
      directly by alternative types of therapy.

PMID- 172223
TI  - Potential carcinogenicity of food additives and contaminants.
AB  - The potential role in carcinogenesis of food additives and contaminants presents
      a complex problem in terms of assessing the risk to the general public. Long-term
      testing in laboratory animals is still the most feasible method for determining
      potential carcinogenicity of various chemicals. The disadvantages encountered in
      the present methods of animal testing are discussed and a review is made of the
      current status of particular food additives and contaminants under scrutiny as
      possible carcinogens. It is suggested that, since it may not be possible to
      remove all carcinogenic materials from the environment, methods to mitigate or
      neutralize their harmful effects should be sought. Greater cooperation is called
      for among food technologists, toxicologists, laboratory researchers, and
      epidemiologists in the decision-making process regarding the role of possibly
      carcinogenic additives and contaminants.

PMID- 172224
TI  - Inhibition of replication of virus-transformed fibroblasts by antibodies to RNA.
AB  - The activity of 7S immunoglobulins (Ig) antibody to RNA, obtained in rabbits
      after a prolonged immunization with RNA-methylated bovine serum albumin complex
      was evaluated in vitro on normal (3T3) and simian virus 40-transformed (SV 3T3)
      mouse fibroblasts. The presence of anti-RNA antibody in the culture medium
      inhibited both the SV 3T3 cell proliferation and the [3H]thymidine incorporation.
      In contrast, an increased [3H]uridine incorporation was evident within 48 and 96
      hr of culture. No significant modification in these 3 parameters was observed in
      3T3 cultures treated in the same manner. Both 3T3 and SV 3T3 showed cytoplasmic
      fluorescence when cultured in the presence of fluoresceinated anti-RNA Ig.
      However, with the indirect fluorescence technique anti-RNA Ig were detected in SV
      3T3 cytoplasm only. These data suggest that anti-RNA Ig were taken up by both 3T3
      and SV 3T3, but only in SV 3T3 did the anti-RNA Ig retain their antigenic
      properties and block cellular proliferation.

PMID- 172225
TI  - Cultivation of medulloblastoma cells derived from simian adenovirus SA7-induced
      hamster brain tumor.
AB  - In vitro cultivation of medulloblastoma cells was successfully established from
      hamster brain tumors induced by simian adenovirus SA7. These tumor cells possess
      morphological features in cultures that are very similar to those of the original
      tumor. Both tubular and rosette growth patterns were evident. At the
      ultrastructural level only small numbers of cytoplasmic organelles could be
      detected in the tumor cells, typical of generally immature and/or
      undifferentiated cells. The proliferation of these tumor cells depended upon
      properly dense initial platings. In addition, it was found that single
      medulloblastoma cells could be stimulated to produce colonies if treated for 10
      days with conditioned medium. Inoculation of these cells into synergenic animals
      resulted in 100% uptake. Survival of the hamsters was directly correlated with
      the number of cells injected. This new medulloblastoma cell line may prove to be
      a useful model for experimental brain tumor studies.

PMID- 172226
TI  - Inhibition by methioninyl adenylate of focus formation by Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - Methioninyl adenylate is a specific and potent inhibitor of the enzyme methionyl
      tRNA synthetase and, consequently, of protein biosynthesis. In cultures of chick
      embryo fibroblasts infected with Rous sarcoma virus, incubation for a 2-day
      period with 1 to 3 mM concentrations of this inhibitor, as late as 4 days after
      infection, irreversibly prevented subsequent formation of foci of transformed
      cells. Later addition could also elicit the irreversible disappearance of already
      existing foci, by phenotypic reversion and/or cell killing. Virus production in
      transformed cells and replication in newly infected cells were also inhibited but
      to a lesser degree. Under the same conditions, the same concentrations of
      methioninyl adenylate caused only a reversible growth arrest of normal cells. The
      selective toxicity of the inhibitor for transformed cells is not due to a greater
      affinity for the target enzyme, but it may be due to the fact that inhibition of
      protein biosynthesis is only partially reversible in these cells, whereas it is
      fully reversible in normal cells.

PMID- 172227
TI  - Focal infection and transformation in situ of thymus cell subclasses by a
      thymotropic murine leukemia virus.
AB  - Studies on the maturational lineages of thymic lymphocytes have revealed several
      subclasses which are distinguishable on the basis of cell size, topographic
      distribution within the thymus, DNA synthetic and mitotic activity, migratory
      behavior, and other properties. Strain C57BL/Ka mice were inoculated with
      radiation leukemia virus at different concentrations, and tissues were removed at
      defined intervals. Sequential sections were analyzed for virus-specific
      cytoplasmic antigen expression, for morphological evidence of neoplastic
      transformation, and for alkaline phosphatase activity. The first detectable sign
      of MuLV infection was the focal appearance of cytoplasmic viral antigens in cells
      of the outer thymic cortex, followed by coalescence of such foci and, several
      weeks later, by the appearance of morphologically transformed and alkaline
      phosphatase-positive cells, again often focally distributed in the outer thymic
      cortex. These observations strongly suggest that the large, mitotically active
      cells of the outer thymic cortex are the principal source of target cells for
      both productive infection and subsequent lymphoma induction by the virus.

PMID- 172228
TI  - RNA sulfurtransferase activity in rat liver and chemically induced hepatomas.
AB  - RNA sulfurtransferase activity has been detected in rat liver and in hepatomas
      from rats fed a diet containing 0.06% 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene for 14
      to 18 weeks. The reaction measured was the transfer of sulfur from cysteine to
      acceptor sites in Escherichia coli B transfer RNA (tRNA). Specific activities of
      the enzymes in liver and hepatoma supernatant fractions were similar, as were the
      rates and extents of sulfur transfer to tRNA. DEAE-cellulose chromatography of
      digests of the [35S]tRNA reaction products revealed 3 peaks associated with
      nucleotide material, the amounts of these peaks differing in tRNA from liver and
      hepatoma systems. This may suggest differences in specific sulfurtransferases in
      these tissues.

PMID- 172229
TI  - Polyamine metabolism in normal and in virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - The effect of transformation by Rous sarcoma virus on the ornithine decarboxylase
      levels of chick embryo fibroblasts was studied. Infection with Rous sarcoma virus
      resulted in increased ornithine decarboxylase activity which preceded
      morphological alterations by at least 24 hr. The ornithine decarboxylase levels
      of normal controls, unlike those in Rous sarcoma virus-infected cells, declined
      with age, so that the enzyme activity of transformed cells was increased
      twentyfold 5 days postinfection. Infection with a temperature-sensitive mutant of
      Rous sarcoma virus, T5, stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity of chick
      embryo fibroblasts at the permissive (37 degrees) but not at the nonpermissive
      (42 degrees) temperature. The ornithine decarboxylase activity of T5-infected
      cells shifted from 42 degrees to 37 degrees increased within 2 hr and reached the
      levels of wild-type, Schmidt-Ruppin-17A-transformed cells in 11 hr. When T5
      transformed fibroblasts were shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, ornithine
      decarboxylase activity decreased fivefold within 4 hr and paralleled the levels
      of normal controls in 11 hr. Shifting of temperatures of incubation caused
      comparable alterations in cellular putrescine but not in spermine or spermidine
      content.

PMID- 172230
TI  - Functional properties of mitochondria isolated from murine L5178 lymphoblasts
      grown in cell culture.
AB  - Mitochondria were isolated from lymphoblasts grown for 5 days in cell culture.
      Measurement of mitochondrial respiratory activity revealed poor response to
      adenosine 5'-diphosphate with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked
      substrates but well-coupled active respiration with succinate as substrate. These
      mitochondria also exhibited rapid initial rates of respiration-supported calcium
      uptake as measured by dual-beam spectrophotometry. H+/2e- and Ca2+/2e- ratios
      were in normal limits for the lymphoblast mitochondria during calcium uptake in
      the presence of phosphate. In the absence of phosphate no calcium uptake, H+
      ejection, or stimulation of oxygen consumption was observed. However, the lack of
      discharge of the accumulated calcium from the lymphoblast mitochondria upon
      inhibition of respiration suggests possible different mechanisms of cation
      transport compared to mitochondria from normal, mammalian cell types. Electron
      microscopy of freshly prepared mitochondrial suspensions revealed preparations
      with intact outer membranes and  abundant cristae and that were relatively free
      of other cellular structures. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of
      obtaining intact respiring mitochondria from cultured lymphoid cells and indicate
      that active ion transport in these mitochondria may be significantly different
      from "normal" cell mitochondria.

PMID- 172231
TI  - Influence of formycin B on polyadenosine diphosphoribose synthesis in vitro and
      in vivo.
AB  - Formycin B inhibited growth of L5178Y mouse leukemia cells in concentrations of
      less than twice the concentration that inhibits cell proliferation at 50% by
      cytostasis; at higher concentrations (more than twice the 50% concentration
      mentioned), the cells were killed. In cells treated with the concentration that
      inhibits cell proliferation at 50%, the average cell volume did not change. The
      formycin B inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was reduced by coincubation
      with nicotinamide adenine diphosphate or adenosine. The biosyntheses of DNA,RNA,
      and protein in whole cells were sensitively inhibited by formycin B as checked by
      incorporation studies with radioactive precursors. In addition, the formation of
      polyadenosine diphosphoribose was reduced even with higher sensitivity; in
      particular the extent of adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of histone
      subfraction H1 was reduced. Formycin B has been shown to be an inhibitor for the
      polyadenosine diphosphoribose polymerase, isolated from oviduct nuclei of quails.
      Both the chromatin-bound and the soluble enzyme are inhibited competitively; the
      relative affinity (Ki/Km) of formycin B to the polyadenosine diphosphoribose
      polymerase is 1.5.

PMID- 172232
TI  - Inhibition of formation of microtubular paracrystals in HeLa-S3 cells by
      neocarzinostatin.
AB  - The effect of an antitumor antibiotic, neocarzinostatin (NCS), on the formation
      of microtubular paracrystals (PC) induced by vinblastine sulfate, 10 mug/ml, in
      HeLa-S3 cells was examined by phase-contrast microscopy. The pretreatment of HeLa
      S3 cells with NCS, 5 to 50 mug/ml, for 4 hr prevented the PC formation, and there
      was a dose response of NCS to the degree of inhibition. When the same inhibitory
      effect on PC formation was examined with other antitumor agents at high doses (50
      mug/ml), colchicine was found to be one of the most effective agents, like NCS.
      Puromycin, antimycin, adriamycin, cytochalasin B, and cycloheximide revealed
      moderate activity, and the other antibiotics, such as mitomycin C, bleomycin, and
      rifampicin, did not show any effect at all. NCS was a unique antibiotic that
      inhibited PC formation among inhibitors of DNA synthesis. It was suggested that
      NCS affects the microfibrillar-microtubular proteins system in vivo, resulting in
      the inhibitions of organization of spindle fibers from microtubules at the G2
      phase in HeLa cells.

PMID- 172233
TI  - The enzymatic basis of the selective action of cyclophosphamide.
AB  - The initial metabolic products of cyclophosphamide (4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide
      and aldophosphamide) were prepared biologically in unpurified form. Their
      toxicity to tumor cells were tested by bioassay techniques and in cell culture,
      and the deactivation abilities of various tissue-soluble fractions were
      quantitated. Liver and kidney cytosol effectively deactivated the primary
      metabolites, whereas cytosols from gastrointestinal tract mucosa, Walker ascites
      tumor, and spleen were less efficient. When [14C]cyclophosphamide was activated
      and incubated with liver cytosol, 34% of all radioactivity was identified as
      carboxyphosphamide, by mass spectrometry of the methyl ester. Measurement of
      alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3)
      activities by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide production revealed a
      qualitative correspondence between aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and
      deactivation ability. Unpurified aldophosphamide and the analogs prepared from 6
      methyl- and 5,5-dimethylcyclophosphamides were substrates for nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide-requiring enzymes, whereas incubation of 4-hydroxy-4
      methylcyclophosphamide in an unfractionated incubation mixture with liver soluble
      enzymes did not cause reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide production.

PMID- 172234
TI  - RNA type C virus antigens in hamster cells transformed by carcinogenic DNA
      viruses and chemicals.
AB  - The passive hemagglutination inhibition technique was used to test serologically
      for the presence of Syrian hamster type C virus antigen(s) (SHCVA) in a wide
      variety of normal and transformed hamster cells and tissues. SHCVA could not be
      detected in normal tissues or nonneoplastic tissues of tumor-bearing Syrian
      hamsters. Normal hamster embryo cells or cells transformed in vitro by simian
      adenovirus, by chemical alone, or doubly transformed by simian adenovirus and
      chemical did not contain SHCVA; however, SHCVA was found in a majority of tumors
      resulting from transplantation of these in vitro-transformed cells. No consistent
      pattern was observed in the capacity of individual transformed cell lines to
      produce SHCVA-positive or -negative tumors. When cells of a given transformed
      line were inoculated at 4 sites on each of 8 hamsters, SHCVA-positive tumors were
      found not to be randomly distributed but rather to be clustered on a few animals.
      SHCVA could be detected in only a few primary tumors induced by inoculation of
      carcinogenic DNA viruses; however, both the incidence and titer of SHCVA were
      significantly increased in a variety of transplanted tumors. These data suggest
      that SHCVA may be introduced into transplanted, transformed hamster cell tumors
      during passage in the host animal. Alternatively, in vivo conditions may allow
      expression of viral antigens not found under in vitro conditions; however, if
      this is true, only certain animals appear to be capable of activating SHCVA.

PMID- 172236
TI  - The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of some benzimidazoles, and their
      ability to protect erythrocytes from hemolysis by silica powder.

PMID- 172235
TI  - Binding of the azocarcinogen 3'-methyl-p-dimethylaminoazobenzene to cellular
      components of normal rat liver and azocarcinogen-induced hepatomas.
AB  - The location of binding sites for 3'-methyl-p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB)
      or metabolites on components of rat liver cells and hepatoma cells in tumors
      induced by this carcinogen was determined at 2 stages during the induction of
      tumors in rats: (a) in normal liver immediately following the application of a
      massive dose of the azocarcinogen by intragastric feeding, and (b) in liver and
      tumor after hepatomas had developed following repeated exposures to the
      carcinogen by s.c. injections. Bound 3'-Me-DAB or metabolites were detected by
      the use of rabbit antisera directed against either p-azoazobenzene or p'-azo-p
      dimethylaminoazobenzene in an indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Soon after
      massive intragastric doses of 3'-Me-DAB, the staining observed when the anti-p
      azoazobenzene antiserum was used was principally on cytoplasmic components of
      liver cells with some staining of the intranuclear components. When the second
      antiserum, anti-p'-azo-p-dimethylaminoazobenzene antiserum, was used, the most
      intense fluorescent staining was on the nuclear membranes, although there was
      some cytoplasmic and intranuclear staining as well.

PMID- 172237
TI  - [Herpetic encephalitis].

PMID- 172238
TI  - Short-term effects of ACTH on protein synthesis in adrenal cortex cells of young
      rats.
AB  - Two units of ACTH were administered intraperitoneally to young 20 gm-rats which
      received an intravenous injection of L-leucine-3H thirteen min later. ACTH
      injected rats, and control rats which received the isotope alone, were killed at
      2-, 10-, 30- and 60-min intervals. Electron microscope autoradiographs in control
      animals showed strong amino-acid uptake at pulse time (2-min) in the cytoplasm of
      adrenal zona fasciculata cells. Label was shared between the endoplasmic
      reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and a lower but still considerable uptake was
      seen in nucleoli. At first chase time interval (10-min) cytoplasmic labelling
      declined, while nuclear and nucleolar labelling increased, both changing little
      thereafter, and there was a 10-30 min Golgi peak. ACTH administration provoked an
      overall increase in amino-acid incorporation into cytoplasm, nucleus and
      nucleolus at pulse time, with no changes in the distribution of the reactions
      among organelles. Intensification of labelling was most evident over nucleoli,
      the grain density of which was four-times as high as in controls. The short-term
      increase in ER and mitochondrial protein synthesis observed after ACTH injections
      was considered to be consistent with the hypothesis that most newly-formed
      proteins in these cells may be involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis. The
      marked increase in nucleolar labelling suggested the presence of proteins
      involved in RNA synthesis.

PMID- 172239
TI  - Alteration of cytochrome c oxidase activity during spermatogenesis in Carcinus
      maenas.
AB  - During spermatogenesis in the crab, Carcinus maenas, mitochondria in the
      developing spermatids degenerate. In close association with mitochondrial
      fragments in late spermatids, an elaborate lattice-like complex of fused
      membranes is formed and lies in a position adjacent to the acrosome. Mature sperm
      possess no mitochondria, but a whorl of membranes is present alongside the
      acrosome in the diffuse nucleus. To ascertain whether or not cytochrome c oxidase
      activity is lost as the mitochondria disintegrate, differentiating Carcinus
      maenas spermatids and mature sperm have been studied cytochemically. Cytochfome c
      oxidase activity was localised by means of the osmophilic compound 3,3'
      diaminobenzidine (DAB). Cytochrome c oxidase activity is confined to the cristae
      of mitochondria in the testis. As spermatids mature most mitochondria are lost. A
      few mitochondrial fragments may be caught up within the lamellar complex. While
      they are recognisalbe as mitochondria they retain cytochrome c oxidase activity.
      The lamellar complex does not show this enzyme activity. These results therefore
      suggest that the mature sperm of Carcinus maenas do not contain the enzymes
      normally incorporated in the mitochondrial membrane, capable of oxidative
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 172240
TI  - Lymphocyte and macrophage adenyl cyclase activity in animals with enhanced cell
      mediated resistance to infection and tumors.

PMID- 172241
TI  - [Yaba 1--Lednice 110 virus proliferation in chicken embryo (author's transl)].

PMID- 172242
TI  - [Experiences with the prevention of various recurrent herpetic diseases using the
      smallpox vaccine].

PMID- 172243
TI  - Effect of methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) and methylene dimethanesulphonate (MDMS)
      on the template activity of DNA isolated from MDMS-sensitive and -resistant
      Yoshida cells.
AB  - Both methylene dimethanesulphonate (MDMS) and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS)
      cause the template activity of Yoshida cell DNA to decrease in a dose-dependent
      manner. The MDMS-resistant subline of Yoshida tumour is less sensitive in terms
      of DNA template activity than the MDMS-sensitive subline towards both agents.
      Although the difference in sensitivity is not reflected in the survival data
      after each agent, it does suggest that the DNA from each cell line differs in its
      capacity to function as an efficient template.

PMID- 172244
TI  - The inactivation of bacteriophage R17 by ethylating agents: the lethal lesions.
AB  - The biological inactivation of bacteriophage R17 by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)
      and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENUA) has been studied. At the mean lethal dose for
      the first compound 8 moles ethyl are bound/mole RNA and with the nitroso compound
      3.5 moles ethyl are bound. Analysis of the amounts of the different ethylated
      derivatives formed shows that the toxicity of the sulphonate can be accounted for
      by the formation of 3-ethylcytosine, O6-ethylguanine, 1-ethyladenine and chain
      breaks produced on the hydrolysis of ethyl phosphotriesters. With the nitroso
      derivative on the other hand, the sum of chain breaks and of bases alkylated on a
      position involved in specific hydrogen bonding between base pairs only accounts
      for 65% of the observed toxicity. The possibility that 3-ethyladenine may
      constitute a lethal lesion is discussed.

PMID- 172245
TI  - Assays for phosphotriester formation in the reaction of bacteriophage R17 with a
      group of alkylating agents.
AB  - The interaction of bacteriophage R17 with 8 compounds has been studied, comparing
      the contribution of degradation of ribonucleic acid to the total toxicity. Breaks
      in the RNA chain result from the hydrolysis of phosphotriesters and thus are a
      measure of the extent of O-alkylation and of the SN1-type mechanism of the
      reaction. With many alkylating agents mutagenicity and carcinogenicity increase
      with increasing SN1 character of the reaction. In experiments with methyl
      methanesulphonate no evidence of degradation was observed at up to 19 times the
      mean lethal dose (620 methylations/RNA molecule). Breaks in the RNA chain
      accounted for 1 in 10 of the lethal lesions with beta-hydroxyethyl
      methanesulphonate, 1 in 60 with bis-(2-chloromethyl)methylamine (nitrogen
      mustard, HN2), less than 1 in 125 with 2,2-dichlorvinyl dimethyl phosphate
      (dichlorovos, DDVP), and 1 in 200 with propylene oxide. The hydrolysis rate of
      bis-(2 chloroethyl)ether was too slow for any reaction to be detected. In
      reactions with the carcinogen bis-(2-chloromethyl)ether the toxicity observed
      could be accounted for by the formaldehyde produced on hydrolysis. Cross-linking
      of the bacteriophage components by formaldehyde reduced the survival range over
      which the physical state of the RNA could be studied. No evidence of RNA
      degradation was observed. Reaction of the formaldehyde led to a progressive loss
      of biological activity over 24 h, a loss which was partially reversed by
      dialysis.

PMID- 172246
TI  - Anti-tumour activity of heavy transition metal complexes against hepatoma cells.

PMID- 172247
TI  - [Immunofluorencence localization of secretions related to gonadotropic,
      corticotropic, melanotropic and somatotropic hormones in hypophysis of
      Nectophrynoides occidentalis].
AB  - In Nectophrynoides occidentalis, ovine anti-LH anti beta (1-24) corticotropin,
      both anti alpha and anti beta MSH and bovine anti-STH antisera allowed us to
      identify by immunofluorescence gonadotropic, corticotropic, melanotropic and
      somatotropic hypophysial cells of a viviparous toad. The identification of these
      different cell types was confirmed by applying a classical cytologic technique to
      the same sections.

PMID- 172248
TI  - [Identification of cAMP dependant protein kinases in human lymphocytes].
AB  - Chromatographic purification by "DEAE" cellulose resolves the cAMP binding
      proteins in human lymphocytes into three parts. In presence of Mg++ each one
      possesses cAMP dependent protein-kinase activity, one of them showing allosteric
      characteristics.

PMID- 172249
TI  - [Demonstration of antigen-antibody complex of TSV5C12 cell membranes by means of
      guinea pig fluorescent anti-complement antibodies].
AB  - The application of rabbit anti-guinea pig complement fluorescent antibody to SV40
      transformed cells demonstrated the presence of immune complexes on the cell
      membrane surface. The presence of such complexes was not detectable by using
      fluorescent rabbit anti-hamster immunoglobulins antisera.

PMID- 172250
TI  - [Resistance to association of antibiotics (polymyxin and penicillin) in relation
      to cell concentration of two bacterial species in the same inoculum.
      Complementary inoculum effect].
AB  - Dense suspensions of Sa. typhi (Polys Penr) and of St. aureus (Polyr Pens)
      proliferate on gelose medium added with the two antibiotics only if the inoculum
      is mixed. The growth is probably due to the partial neutralization of the
      antibiotics following the formation of complexes between these antibiotics and
      some constituents of the two strains.

PMID- 172251
TI  - [RNA fragments rich in G and A nucleotides obligatory for in vitro DNA
      replication of phages phi-X 174 and lambda].
AB  - Evidence was presented that in vitro conversion of single-stranded DNA of phage
      phi X 174 to the double-stranded replicative form by partially purified DNA
      dependent DNA polymerase I requires a specific RNA fragment acting as primer (25
      50 nucleotides). RNA fragments highly rich in nucleotides A and G were obtained
      by partial degradation of E. coli M 500 Sho-R ribosomal RNA with pancreatic
      ribonuclease. They become covalently bound to the newly synthesized DNA chain of
      the replicative form of phage phi X 174. These RNA fragments are also required
      for in vitro replication of lambda phage DNA.

PMID- 172252
TI  - [Correlation between agglutinability of concanavalin A and nucleic acid synthesis
      induced by polyoma virus].
AB  - We have previously shown the induction of agglutinability by concanavalin A by
      abortice infection of BHK 21 cells with polyoma virus. In this system, the
      maximal agglutination occurred simultaneously with the first mitosis. Using
      inhibitors of macromolecule synthesis in an amitotic system, we showed that this
      agglutinability was correlated with cell DNA synthesis.

PMID- 172253
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the penetration and distribution of somitic cells
      in the mesoblast of the limb buds of reptiles (Anguis fragilis and Lacerta
      viridis)].
AB  - Based on characteristics of mitochondria and on the amount of lipid inclusions, a
      distinction between somitic cells and mesoblastic somatopleural cells is
      possible, at the early stages of the development of the limb bud in Reptiles
      (Anguis fragilis and Lacerta viridis). The dislocation of the ventral processes
      of the somites and the localisation of the somitic cells in the mesoblast of the
      anterior limb buds could be studied.

PMID- 172254
TI  - [Effect of antioxidant substances on the level of free organic radicals naturally
      present in the rat diaphragm].
AB  - Using the electron spin resonance method, the effect of antioxydants on the
      number of natural organic free radicals is studied in the case of the diaphragm
      of the Rat. The effect observed shows an important decrease in the free radical
      concentration, which may, in the case of ascorbic acid and BHT, lead to their
      complete disappearance. These results are discussed in the light of the
      hypothesis according to which antioxydants play a role in the lengthening of the
      life span because of their fundamental character of inhibitors of free radicals.

PMID- 172255
TI  - [Activity of specific collagenases in developing granulomatous tissues].
AB  - Specific collagenases are activated rapidly in inflamed tissues. This activity
      reaches a higher level in acute inflammation than in chronic inflammation. It
      appears to be related to an increased metabolic activity of the local
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 172256
TI  - [Confirmation of the localization on human chromosome F19 of a structural gene of
      poliovirus receptors].
AB  - The study of permissivity for poliovirus and the study of enzymatic markers in
      man-mouse somatic cell hybrids presents a very positive correlation between the
      presence of the poliovirus receptor and the presence of a well known enzyme
      marker, the phosphoglucoseisomerase (GPI), localized on the human chromosome F
      19.

PMID- 172257
TI  - [Transfer of the tetracycline-chloramphenicol plasmid in Clostridium
      perfringens].
AB  - Two plasmids which confer resistance to Tetracycline-Chloramphenicol and
      Erythromycine-Clindamycine were found in a strain of Clostridium perfringens. The
      plasmid (Tet-Chl) was shown to be transferable to sensitive strains of C.
      perfringens. The transfer experiments were made with the wild type strain or
      strains cured by one plasmid or the other as donor strains.

PMID- 172258
TI  - The Metabolic Significance of the Malate-Aspartate Cycle in Heart.

PMID- 172259
TI  - Facilitation of adrenergic transmission by locally generated angiotensin II in
      rat mesenteric arteries.
AB  - When studied on isolated rat mesenteric arteries perfused with Tyrode's solution,
      angiotensin I and angiotensin II (1 ng/ml), a synthetic tetradecapeptide renin
      substrate, and a purified hog renin substance (50-100 ng/ml) potentiated
      vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and to injected
      norepinephrine without altering basal pressure. These agents produced a greater
      augmentation of the vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation than to
      injected norepinephrine. The potentiation of vasoconstrictor responses to
      sympathetic nerve stimulation and injected norepinephrine which was elicited by
      renin substrate and angiotensin I was abolished by an inhibitor of angiotensin I
      converting enzyme, SQ 20,881, and by an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, [Sar1
      Ile8]angiotensin II. In contrast, the potentiating effect of angiotensin II was
      blocked only by the latter compound. We conclude that utilization of renin
      substrate within the vascular wall by renin or renin-like enzymes results in the
      formation of angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin in
      turn potentiates the vasoconstrictor responses to adrenergic stimuli presumably
      by augmenting release of the adrenergic transmitter and inhibiting its neuronal
      reuptake as well as by increasing vascular reactivity to norepinephrine.

PMID- 172260
TI  - Diagnosis of type III hyperlipoproteinemia by chromatography of plasma
      lipoproteins on columns containing agarose.
AB  - Agarose column chromatography has been used to separate plasma lipoproteins into
      very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high
      density lipoproteins (HDL). Applied to the diagnosis of primary type III
      hyperlipoproteinemia, the procedure is capable of demonstrating three
      characteristic and specific changes from normality in the elution pattern of
      lipoproteins from patients with this condition. In the type III profile there is
      (a) incomplete separation of VLDL from putative LDL material, (b) early elution
      of the type III LDL with respect to a normal LDL marker, and (c) relative
      deficiency of type III LDL with elution characteristics of normal LDL. We
      advocate the use of this method in the diagnosis of type III
      hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 172262
TI  - Serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in Malaysia.

PMID- 172261
TI  - Cholesterol metabolism in hypertriglyceridaemia and the effects of treatment.
AB  - The faecal output of bile acids and endogenous neutral steroids was increased in
      three hypertriglyceridaemic patients. One patient had familail type IIb, one had
      type IV and the third had type V hyperlipoproteinaemia. The hyperlipidaemia in
      the type IV and type V patients was associated with diabetes and a high alcohol
      intake. The plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and the faecal
      output of bile acids decreased significantly when the type IIb patient was given
      D-thyroxine plus propranolol, and when the type IV and type V patients were
      treated by withdrawal of alcohol, a low=carbohydrate diet and insulin or
      glibenclamide. The findings are discussed in relation to the possibility that
      hypertriglyceridaemia and increased bile acid synthesis in these patients have a
      common metabolic origin.

PMID- 172263
TI  - The fluorimetric determination of ammonia in protein-free filtrates of human
      blood plasma.
AB  - Ammonia has been determined in filtrates of human plasma after precipitation of
      the proteins by perchloric acid. After restoration of the pH to around 7.5,
      addition of 2-oxoglutarate, NADH and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) convers the
      ammonia to L-glutamate with oxidation of the NADH to NAD. This latter reaction
      was utilised in two ways. In the first, reduction of native NADH fluorescence
      under the conditions of the GDH reaction provided a measure of ammonia
      concentration. In the second, residual NADH was destroyed by acid treatment, and
      the fluorescent product generated from NAD under strongly alkaline conditions was
      assayed. The optimal requirements for both methods were defined, their linearity
      and precision ascertained, and their relative merits compared. The first method
      was convenient for "one-off" estimations, and the second for larger batches.
      Ammonia concentration increased in plasma and in acid protein-free filtrates of
      plasma irrespective of the conditions of storage; however when the latter were
      neutralised, storage at -20 degrees C was effective. The distribution of plasma
      ammonia concentration in healthy subjects was log-normal. The range for males was
      21-58 mumol/1 and for females 17-51 mumol/1; this difference was statistically
      significant (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 172264
TI  - [Studies of thyroid glands of normal subjects and patients with Basedow's disease
      based on adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP metabolism (III).  Differences in reactions of
      the thyroid glands to TSH and PGE 1(2)].

PMID- 172265
TI  - [Biological study of the cell membrane function and prostaglandin].

PMID- 172266
TI  - [Analysis of adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP in the thyroid glands of normal
      individuals and patients with Basedow's disease (I). Autoregulation of the human
      thyroid].

PMID- 172268
TI  - [Metabolic regulations by hormones and cyclic nucleotide].

PMID- 172267
TI  - [Cellular reactions and their abnormalities in hormonal mechanism].

PMID- 172269
TI  - Physiological and pathological variations in the ultrastructure of neutrophils
      and monocytes.

PMID- 172270
TI  - Granulopoiesis in cultures in human haemopoietic cells.

PMID- 172272
TI  - [Autopsy of lung cancer associated with Eaton-Lambert syndrome and subcute
      cerebellar degeneration - with special reference to the effect of streptomycin].

PMID- 172271
TI  - Ganglia of the nerve. Presentation of two unusual cases, a review of the
      literature, and a discussion of pathogenesis.
AB  - Two cases of intraneural ganglia are reported: the first reported involvement of
      the sciatic nerve and the first reported involvement of the tibial nerve in the
      tarsal tunnel. Both were successfully treated by excision with sparing the neural
      elements leading to neurological recovery. A review of the literature fails to
      reveal any consensus that lesions arise from normal synovial cavities. Incision,
      evacuation, and complete excision under magnification sparing neural elements
      gives satisfactory results. Excision of the nerve is not indicated. Pathologic
      examination suggests that the lesion arises by multicentric metaplasia of
      connective tissue elements of the nerve rather than by invasion.

PMID- 172273
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the peripheral nerve in polyneuropathy due to dipterex].

PMID- 172274
TI  - [Polyneuropathy due to prolonged administration of nitrofurantoin].

PMID- 172275
TI  - The radiology of excavated Saxon and medieval human remains from Winchester.
AB  - Radiography of many of the human bones discovered during the archeological
      excavations at Winchester has been an integral part of the study of the Saxon and
      medieval populations found there. Thus, a radiological study of bone pathology in
      successive populations from a single site spanning a period of 600 years is
      presented.

PMID- 172276
TI  - The angiographic evaluation of the internal carotid artery.
AB  - The importance of adequate evaluation of the internal carotid artery is stressed
      since pathology within it may mimic many intracranial diseases. Some of the many
      appearances seen on carotid angiography are described.

PMID- 172277
TI  - The effects of a diphosphonate and dietary calcium on the metabolism of vitamin
      D3 (cholecalciferol) in the chick.
AB  - 1. Vitamin D-deficient chicks, maintained on a diet adequate in calcium and
      treated with ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate for 2 days before a single oral
      dose of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), converted the vitamin into 24,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol instead of into the normal metabolite 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol. 2. This inhibition of the renal 1-hydroxylase
      disappeared on withdrawal of the diphosphonate. 3. Kidneys from chicks given
      diphosphonate for 12 days converted 25-hydroxycholecalciferol into 24,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol on incubation in vitro. 4. The inhibition of the 1
      hydroxylase was markedly accelerated by treating the birds with cholecalciferol.
      5. No inhibition of renal 1-hydroxylation was observed in birds maintained on a
      diet low in calcium. 6. A possible mechanism producing this effect is discussed.

PMID- 172279
TI  - Serological diagnosis of infection with the putative bovine leukemia virus.
AB  - We report on an accurate, rapid and inexpensive test for the identification of
      animals infected with the Bovine C-type virus (BLV). The test involves the
      detection of serum antibodies to BLV using the immunofluorescent (IF) technique
      on acetone-fixed, infected cells. The specificity of the test was demonstrated by
      the fact that virus was found by electron microscopy in 90% of cattle showing
      positive reactions. In contrast, virus was not found despite extensive
      examination in antibody negative animals. Thus, the presence of IF antibody is an
      accurate indicator of current rather than past BLV infection. In order for the IF
      test to be specific it is of critical importance that the target cells used are
      infected only with BLV. BLV antibodies can also be detected by the
      immunoprecipitation (Ouchterlony) technique. However, a significant proportion of
      BLV infected animals showing positive reactions in the IF test failed to show
      precipitin antibodies to the virus. Likewise, BLV infection was demonstrated by
      both the IF test and electron microscopy in many animals with persistently normal
      levels of blood lymphocytes. Thus, neither the precipitin test nor the blood
      lymphocyte count (Bendixen's key) can be used to rule out BLV infection.

PMID- 172278
TI  - Observations on the passage of apoproteins from plasma lipoproteins into
      peripheral lymph in two men.
AB  - 1. The passage of radioactive apolipoproteins into lymph draining the foot was
      investigated in two men, each given a single intravenous injection of low-density
      lipoprotein containing 131I-labelled apoprotein B and of very-low-density
      lipoprotein containing 125I-labelled apoprotein A and apoprotein C. 2. Protein
      bound 125I and 131I appeared in the lymph of both subjects. Immunoelectrophoresis
      of lymph lipoproteins against anti-(high-density lipoprotein) and anti-(low
      density lipoprotein) showed the presence of apo-high-density lipoprotein and apo
      low-density lipoprotein with faster mobilities than plasma high-density and low
      density lipoprotein respectively. Most of the protein-bound 131I in lymph was
      recovered in the precipitin line formed by the apoprotein B-containing
      lipoprotein after immunoelectrophoresis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of
      the lymph lipoprotein fraction showed the presence of 125I-containing bands with
      mobilities similar to those of the apoprotein A of high-density lipoprotein and
      of three of the fast-moving C apoproteins. 3. These results suggest that most, if
      not all, of the apoproteins of plasma lipoproteins reach the interstitial fluids
      and that some lipoproteins undergo modification during their passage into
      peripheral lymph.

PMID- 172280
TI  - Effects of pesticides and related compounds on steroid metabolism and function.

PMID- 172281
TI  - Interaction of ethacrynic acid with control sites of renal glucose metabolism.
AB  - Ethacrynic acid stimulates in vitro concentration dependent renal gluconeogenesis
      from substrates which enter the gluconeogenic pathway at the level of the
      triosephosphates like glycerol or fructose or from substrates which have to pass
      the oxaloacetate shuttle like pyruvate or from intermediary products of fatty
      acid oxydation or citrate cycle. Our results suggest that a site of action of
      ethacrynic acid in this metabolic aspect is the enzyme system fructose
      diphosphatase/frutose-6-phosphate kinase and eventually additionally pyruvate
      carboxylase.

PMID- 172282
TI  - Polarity of the proximal tubule epithelial cell and the action of parathyroid
      hormone.

PMID- 172284
TI  - Effect of parathyroid hormone on renal tubular fluid and glucose reabsorption.

PMID- 172283
TI  - Metabolic patterns in various structures of the rat nephron. The distribution of
      enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism.
AB  - By means of the microdissection technique applied on kidney tissue, the following
      results were obtained: Hexokinase, an enzyme of glycolysis, revealed a low
      activity in the proximal and a high activity in the distal tubule. This
      distribution pattern is consistent with the finding that glucose is the main fuel
      for the distal tubule. Glucose-6-phosphatase, an enzyme of gluconeogenesis,
      demonstrates a significant activity in the distal tubule and in the glomerulus.
      Both structures are, however, no glucose producers. Phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase, the key enzyme of gluconeogenesis, is found only in the segments
      of the proximal tubule. The distal tubule lacks any activity. This is also the
      case during starvation and metabolic acidosis when gluconeogenesis is stimulated.
      Glutamic dehydrogenase, -an enzyme possibly connected with ammoniagenesis-,
      malate- and lactate dehydrogenase-, enzymes involved with hydrogen transfer
      through the mitochondrial membrane-, showed a close parallelism to
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in their distribution along the proximal
      tubule. The bidirectional function of glyceraldehyde-P dehydrogenase is well
      documented by the close correlation to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      (gluconeogenesis) in the proximal tubule and to pyruvic kinase (glycolysis) in
      the distal tubule.

PMID- 172285
TI  - Imidazole inhibits the effects of cyclic nucleotides on the active sodium
      transport.

PMID- 172286
TI  - Freshwater sponges as a material for the study of cell differentiation.

PMID- 172287
TI  - Differentiation of the Golgi apparatus in the genetic control of development.

PMID- 172288
TI  - Integration of viral DNA into the host genome.

PMID- 172289
TI  - Leukemic transformation with avian myeloblastosis virus: present status.

PMID- 172290
TI  - Assigment and regional localization of a gene coding for galactokinase to human
      chromosome 17q21-22.

PMID- 172291
TI  - A new polymorphic enzyme, uridine monophosphate kinase: gene frequencies and a
      linkage analysis.

PMID- 172292
TI  - Regional localization of human genes in virus-induced uncoiler regions.

PMID- 172293
TI  - Assignment of the gene for human uridine monophosphate kinase to chromosome 1
      using somatic cell hybrid clone panels.
AB  - Evidence from mouse-human somatic cell hybrids is presented for the assignment of
      the gene for uridine monophosphate kinase (ATP: nucleoside monophosphate
      phosphotransferase, E.C. 2.7.4.4) to human chromosome 1. The use of the "clone
      panel" in this determination and its value as a systematic method for gene
      mapping is discussed.

PMID- 172294
TI  - Action of proteolytic enzymes on chromosomes in vivo.

PMID- 172295
TI  - Ultrastructural pathology of the adrenal glands in Cushing's syndrome.

PMID- 172296
TI  - The human placental villitides: a review of chronic intrauterine infection.

PMID- 172297
TI  - A new method of in situ hybridization.
AB  - A new method for gene mapping at the chromosome level using in situ hybridization
      and scanning electron microscopy is described and has been applied to mapping the
      rRNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster. Biotin is covalently attached to
      Drosophila rRNA via a cytochrome c bridge at a ratio of one cytochrome-biotin per
      130 nucleotides by a chemical procedure. Polymethacrylate spheres with a diameter
      of ca. 60 nm are prepared by emulsion polymerization and are covalently attached
      to the protein avidin at a ratio of 5-20 avidins per sphere. The biotin-labeled
      rRNA is hybridized to denatured DNA in a chromosome squash. Upon incubation with
      a sphere solution, some of the biotin sites become labeled with spheres because
      of the strong non-covalent interaction between biotin and avidin. The chromosome
      squash is examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Polymer spheres,
      which are visible in the SEM, are observed to label the nucleolus, where the rRNA
      genes are located.

PMID- 172299
TI  - [Multiplet structure of excited states of hemeproteins].

PMID- 172298
TI  - Circadian rhythm of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids during metyrapone-induced
      ACTH release in normal subjects.
AB  - The circadian rhythm of urinary 17-OHCS was studied in nine normal subjects
      before and after oral metyrapone administration (750 mg every 4 hrs over a period
      of 24 hrs). The test was carried out twice in each subject with a shift of 12 hrs
      in the time of first administration (0800-test and 2000-test). For data from
      serial measurements of steroid metabolites on urine collected at 2-h intervals,
      the least squares fit of a 24-h cosine curve allowed the demonstration of a
      rhythm both in control conditions and during the 48-h span following metyrapone
      administration. Circadian acrophases were substantially similar. Total urinary 17
      OHCS output in the first 24-h day following metyrapone was higher in the 2000
      test as compared with the 0800-test (P less than .001). Conversely, in the second
      24-h day, higher values were obtained in the 0800-test (P less than .025). The
      combined 48-h exretion, however, was identical in the two groups. The results
      suggest a time-limited action of metyrapone upon the pituitary-adrenal axis,
      since the increased excretion of 17-OHCS seems essentially accounted for by an
      exaggerated impulsive phase of ACTH secretion during the early morning hours.

PMID- 172300
TI  - [Synthesis of unsaturated mixed-acid phosphoinositides].

PMID- 172301
TI  - [State of corticotropin-producing cells in the sturgeon Acipenser guldenstadti
      Brandt in fluvial and marine life periods].

PMID- 172302
TI  - [Stimulation of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in neoplastic cell cultures by N6,02
      dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate or by fatty acids].

PMID- 172303
TI  - [Localization of polyphosphatase in cells of Escherichia coli with repressed and
      derepressed biosynthesis of this enzyme].

PMID- 172304
TI  - [Functional activity of information RNA isolated from Krebs-II cells infected
      with encephalomyocarditis viruses].

PMID- 172305
TI  - [Structural reorganizations of biological membranes induced by cyclic AMP].

PMID- 172307
TI  - [Occult nasopharyngeal carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Clinical and histological examination of a cervical lymph node, removed from a 15
      year-old boy, revealed nasopharyngeal carcinoma as the probable diagnosis. But
      the decisive diagnostic pointer was a markedly raised Epstein-Barr virus antibody
      titre, which gives the diagnosis at a time when there may not as yet be clinical
      evidence of carcinoma. Serial serum titre determinations are of prognostic value:
      with increasing spread of the tumour there is a rise in antibody titre. Autopsy
      confirmed that the nasopharynx had been the site of the primary tumour.

PMID- 172306
TI  - [Diffuse nesidioblastic island hyperplasia in the juvenile hypoglycemia
      syndrome].

PMID- 172308
TI  - [Pathology of visna-disease in goats].

PMID- 172310
TI  - Cyclic AMP response of isolated Snell adrenocortical carcinoma 494 cells to
      trophic hormones and other substances.
AB  - Suspensions of viable cells were prepared from solid tumor of the Snell
      adrenocortical carcinoma 494 without the use of proteolytic enzymes. Cyclic AMP
      formation in these cells was stimulated by ACTH, LH, FSH and TSH but not by
      prostaglandins (E1, E2, F1alpha and F2alpha), insulin and secretin. Glucagon
      tested at a single dose level of 50 mug increased cyclic AMP to about 65% of the
      maximum amounts obtained with ACTH. When Ca++ was omitted from the incubation
      medium, the response to ACTH was considerably reduced while that to LH was
      essentially unchanged. Low concentrations of EGTA (0.3 MM) abolished the ACTH
      response almost completely but caused only a partial reduction in the response to
      LH; as much as 10 mM EGTA was required to obtain complete inhibition of the
      latter.

PMID- 172311
TI  - Cyclic AMP in the thyroid of the rat fed prophylthiouracil: in vitro
      unresponsiveness to thyrotropin.
AB  - Fragments of thyroid from rats fed Purina +0.1% propylthiouracil were incubated
      in vitro and the concentration of cyclic AMP measured. The normal gland showed a
      3-fold increase in cyclic AMP with 50 mU thyrotropin per ml or 10(-4) M
      prostaglandin E1; tissue from rats fed propylthiouracil for 10 days to 6 months
      responded to prostaglandin E1 but not to thyrotropin. Feeding Purina without
      propylthiouracil for 1 month after 5 months of goitrogen restored thyrotropin
      responsiveness, as did, to a lesser extent, injection of triiodothyronine, 50 mug
      twice daily for 5 days.

PMID- 172309
TI  - Beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler: a review of its pharmacology, therapeutic
      value and adverse effects. I: Asthma.
AB  - Beclomethasone dipropionate is a topically active corticosteroid used as an
      adjuvant in the control of chronic asthma when given by inhalation as an aerosol.
      It is not intended for treatment of acute attacks. It appears that the main
      difference between beclomethasone dipropionate and other corticosteroids
      previously used by inhalation is its high topical activity together with a lower
      systemic activity due to metabolic inactivation of the swallowed portion of the
      dose. Clinical experience has shown that at doses of 200 to 600mug daily,
      beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler is preferable to oral corticosteroids,
      because of lack of side-effects, when adult patients and children who are
      inadequately controlled by full doses of sodium cromoglycate and bronchodilators,
      are first considered to need maintenance corticosteroids. Inhaled beclomethasone
      dipropionate can allow a worthwhile reduction in maintenance doses of systemic
      corticosteroids in many patients already receiving these drugs and can replace
      systemic steroids entirely in some patients, particularly when their initial dose
      of steroids is less than 10mg daily of prednisone or its equivalent. Substitution
      should be attempted when the patient's asthma is well controlled on their usual
      doses of systemic steroids and full doses of other adjuvant therapy. Withdrawal
      of systemic corticosteroids should be performed slowly and carefully. Because
      recovery from impaired adrenocortical function caused by prolonged systemic
      steroid therapy is usually slow, special care is necessary for 9 to 12 months
      after transfer to beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol until the hypothalamo
      pituitary-adrenal axis has sufficiently recovered to cope with emergencies such
      as trauma, surgery, severe infections or an acute attack of asthma. It is
      essential that additional therapy including high doses of systemic
      corticosteroids be used immediately to control any acute exacerbation of asthma
      which occurs during maintenance therapy with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol.
      Tests of adrenal function suggest that beclomethasone dipropionate at dosages of
      400 to 800 mug daily has little or no adverse effect. The most common side-effect
      associated with the continuous use of beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler has
      been oropharyngeal candidiasis, which appears to be dose-related and more common
      in women than in men. Systemic steroid withdrawal effects, like being generally
      unwell, and exacerbation of underlying allergic diseases such as allergic
      rhinitis, have been reported after substitution of beclomethasone dipropionate
      inhaler for systemic steroids. However, systemic withdrawal effects seldom occur
      if systemic steroids are withdrawn slowly.

PMID- 172312
TI  - Inhibition of a parathyroid hormone-stimulated renal adenylate cyclase by cyclic
      AMP.
AB  - Plasma membranes were isolated from bovine renal cortex. This particulate,
      adenylate cyclase-containing fraction was stimulated to produce cyclic AMP by
      parathyroid hormone and fluoride. When the time-course of adenylate cyclase
      activity was investigated, it was found that while PTH-stimulated cyclic AMP
      production comes to a halt in about 15 minutes after the initiation of the
      reaction, fluoride-stimulated activity continues unabated for at least an hour.
      Experiments to determine the cause of this showed that the cyclase enzyme is not
      degraded under our experimental conditions, but is inhibited by a soluble,
      unbound product of the reaction which requires ATP for its synthesis. In our
      experiments degradation of parathyroid hormone was relatively slow and could not
      account for the rapid inhibition of PTH-stimulated cyclase activity. Of the
      various agents tested, cyclic AMP was found capable of inhibiting PTH-stimulated
      cyclic AMP production by our purified membrane preparation. Half-maximal
      inhibition was observed at around 10(-6) M concentrations of the nucleotide.
      Pyrophosphate, adenosine, 5'-AMP and ADP had no effects. The significance of
      these results in relation to the regulation of adenylate cyclase activity is
      discussed.

PMID- 172313
TI  - Antidiuretic hormone: episodic nocturnal secretion in adult men.

PMID- 172314
TI  - Regulation of enzymes of serine and one-carbon metabolism by testosterone in rat
      prostate, liver, and kidney.
AB  - A significant decrease in the specific activity of 3 enzymes of serine and one
      carbon metabolism (3-phosphoglycerate dehydrgenase, phosphoserine phosphatase,
      and serine hydroxy-methyltransferase) was found in the rat prostate gland with
      castration. A single injection of testosterone propionate to rats 3 days after
      castration resulted in a significant increase in the 3 enzyme activities within
      24 h. This increase in specific activity was maximal 72 h after injection of
      testosterone in the case of 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and serine
      hydroxymethyltransferase. When cycloheximide was administered in conjunction with
      testosterone, the increase in 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and serine hydroxy
      methyltransferase activity was significantly reduced compared to injection of
      testosterone alone. N6, O2'-dibutyryl adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate [(Bu)2
      cAMP] and theophylline injected at 8 h intervals to rats 3 days after castration
      failed to mimic the action of testosterone on these 3 enzymes 24 and 72 h after
      beginning injections. Castration had no effect on the specific activity of these
      enzymes in the kidney; however, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase was
      significantly diminished in the liver 6 days after castration. A single injection
      of testosterone to rats 3 days after castration restored the activity to sham
      operated levels. Serine hydroxy-methyltransferase and phosphoserine phosphatase
      activity in the liver were unaffected 6 days after castration. Thus testosterone
      exerts a regulatory role on serine and one-carbon metabolism in the prostate and
      liver which (Bu), cAMP is unable to minic.

PMID- 172315
TI  - A direct effect of testosterone on muscle cells in tissue culture.
AB  - A direct effect of physiological levels of testosterone on skeletal muscle cells
      in tissue culture is reported. The effect is a 25% stimulation of labeling index
      by radioautographic analysis of cultures following incubation with [3H]thymidine
      at the end of a 48-h exposure to 10(-8)M testosterone in 2% gelding serum. This
      stimulation was observed in primary myoblasts, an established myogenic cell line
      (Yaffe's L6 cells), and muscle fibroblasts. The effect was specific for
      testosterone: the labeling index did not change significantly from control values
      when estradiol, 5beta-pregnanediol, androstenedione, or dihydrotestosterone were
      added, although small increases were noted in the latter two cases. The effect on
      the labeling index was localized as a decrease in time spent in the G1 phase of
      the cell cycle, which decreased about 30% in muscle cells exposed to
      testosterone. This first report of an effect of testosterone on isolated muscle
      cells, coupled with the recent description of a receptor for anabolic steroids in
      muscle cytoplasm, indicates that the effects of male sex hormones result from a
      direct interaction with muscle rather than from a primary interaction with some
      other tissue.

PMID- 172316
TI  - The role of ACTH and adrenal glucocorticoids in the salt appetite of wild rabbits
      (Oryctolagus cuniculus (L)).
AB  - The selective appetites of wild rabbits for 500 mEq/1 solutions of NaC1, KC1,
      MgC1(2), and CaC1(2) were studied in intact and adrenalectomized rabbits during
      daily treatment with either 4 IU long acting ACTH, 1.0 or 2.5 mg cortisol
      acetate, or 2.5 mg corticosterone. The animals were individually caged and
      external sodium balances performed. In intact rabbits, cortisol or corticosterone
      produced a significant stimulation of NaC1 appetite. The response to concurrent
      dosage of cortisol and corticosterone was less than half of that obtained with
      ACTH which produced a comparable alteration of blood glucocorticoid levels but a
      10-fold increase in NaC1 intake. CaC1(2) intake was increased in intact rabbits
      by cortisol treatment but not by corticosterone or ACTH. Adrenalectomized rabbits
      maintained on daily steroid replacement therapy of 0.1 mg deoxycorticosterone
      acetate and 0.75 mg cortisone acetate showed a normal pattern of electolyte,
      food, and water intake. Under these conditions ACTH produced a 4-fold increase in
      NaC1 intake. Further addition of cortisol and corticosterone to steroid
      replacement therapy produced an increase in NaC1 intake comparable to their
      effect on normal rabbits. Thereupon supplementation with ACTH resulted in an
      increase to a level at least as great as that found in ACTH treated, normal
      rabbits. The effects of ACTH and glucocorticoids on NaC1 appetite were
      synergistic. Sodium balance showed that increases in NaC1 intake were not the
      result of the treatment initially producing a body sodium deficit, which was then
      corrected by increased intake. The results provide further evidence for the
      hypothesis that NaC1 appetite may be hormonally regulated, and demonstrate that
      ACTH is capable of stimulating NaC1 intake by a previously unsuspected non
      adrenal pathway.

PMID- 172317
TI  - Renal medullary adenylate cyclase in rats with hypothalamic diabetes insipidus.
AB  - The activities of enzymes related to the cellular action of vasopressin as well
      as the activities of other enzymes were studied in an animal model of
      hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. Rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes
      insipidus (homozygotes of Bratteboro strain) were found to have significantly
      lower renal medullary adenylate cyclase activity, either basal activity or
      activity stimulated by vasopressin, as compared with controls (heterozygotes of
      the same strain). There were no differences between the two strains in the
      activities of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, other hormone-sensitive adenylate
      cyclases, or the other renal medullary enzymes studied, which are apparently
      unrelated to the vasopressin action. The treatment of rats with hereditary
      hypothalamic diabetes insipidus with exogenous vasopressin increased the activity
      of renal medullary adenylate cyclase stimulated in vitro by maximal doses of
      vasopressin, but had no effect on the basal activity of adenylate cyclase or on
      the activity of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. This suggests that low adenylate
      cyclase activity in the renal medulla of rats with diabetes insipidus may be
      related to the subnormal concentrating ability observed in these animals.

PMID- 172318
TI  - Induction of human endometrial estradiol dehydrogenase by progestins.
AB  - Estradiol-17beta dehydrogenase activity in proliferative human endometrium
      (average of 1.5 nmole of estrone formed from estradiol/mg protein/h) was
      stimulated as much as as 6-fold during incubations of tissue slices in culture
      medium containing progesterone. Stimulation was already detectable at 7 h and the
      highest activity values were reached at 48-72 h of incubation in the presence of
      excess progesterone. Maximal stimulation was achieved with concentrations of the
      hormone of 0.25 mug/ml or higher. At concentrations approximately equal to
      midluteal plasma levels (20 ng/ml) more than 50% of the maximal response was
      observed. Norgestrel (17alpha-ethynyl-18-methyl-19-nortestosterone) was also
      effective in inducing enzymatic activity. The similarity of the effects obtained
      with progesterone (a possible substrate for estradiol dehydrogenase) and the
      synthetic progestin indicates that the stimulation of enzymatic activity was not
      due to substrate induction. Addition of estradiol to the culture medium had no
      influence on the activity of the enzyme. The induction of estradiol dehydrogenase
      by progesterone was inhibited by puromycin or actinomycin D. These observations
      indicate that progestational agents increase the rate of de novo synthesis of the
      enzyme. Stimulation of endometrial estradiol dehydrogenase was also observed
      after 2-3 day oral administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate to women in the
      follicular phase. In contrast, the enzymatic activity in endometrium obtained
      from women taking estrogens was found to be as low as in normal proliferative
      tissue. These in vitro and in vivo results point to progesterone as the agent
      responsible for the 10-fold increase in endometrial estradiol dehydrogenase
      activity observed during the luteal phase in menstruating women. Data obtained
      from superfusion studies of estrogen dynamics in endometrium indicate that
      changes in enzyme concentrations may play a physiologic role in the regulation of
      tissue levels of estradiol.

PMID- 172319
TI  - Binding of insulin to thymocytes from suckling and hypophysectomized rats:
      evidence for two mechanisms regulating insulin sensitivity.
AB  - Insulin more effectively increased amino acid influx into thymocytes isolated
      from insulin-sensitive suckling and hypophysectomized rats than into cells
      obtained from normal adult animals. Thymocytes from hypophysectomized adult rats
      bound more insulin than did cells from sham-operated controls, suggesting that
      insulin sensitivity in this condition was due to an increase in the number of
      insulin receptors. In contrast, thymocytes from suckling rats bound the same
      amount of insulin as did cells from adult animals, suggesting that in this
      instance insulin sensitivity was the result of changes in events subsequent to
      the binding of insulin.

PMID- 172320
TI  - The role of the pentose phosphate shunt in thyrotropin-induced thyroid hormone
      secretion: in vivo and vitro studies with 6-aminonicotinamide in mouse thyroids.
AB  - The possible role of the pentose phosphate shunt in thyroid hormone secretion was
      investigated in vivo and in vitro with mouse thyroid glands. Thyroidal
      endocytosis in response to TSH, a step of thyroid hormone secretion, was
      evaluated for its dependency upon the pentose phosphate shunt by using 6
      aminonicotinamide (6-AN), an antimetabolite in the synthesis of pyridine
      nucleotides. Formation of 14CO2 from glucose labeled either in the C-1 or C-6
      position was studied to estimate the pentose phosphate shunt activity. A dose of
      6-AN markedly reduced oxidation of [1-14C]glucose but did not affect that of [6
      14C]glucose induced by TSH. Concomitantly there was a marked decrease in
      thyroidal endocytotic response to TSH. These inhibitions by 6-AN were completely
      abolished by the pretreatment with nicotinamide. Methylene blue, which oxidizes
      NADPH and thus stimulates activity of the pentose shunt, significantly depressed
      thyroidal endocytosis in response to TSH in vitro. These inhibitions of colloid
      droplet formation by 6-AN or methylene blue were not manifested against dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP stimulation. Furthermore, a dose of 6-AN, which seems to inhibit only
      the pentose phosphate shunt, markedly depressed TSH-induced formation of cyclic
      amp. These findings suggest that the pentose phosphate shunt might play an
      important role in triggering TSH stimulation of thyroid hormone secretion by
      supplying NADPH, and further, that NADPH dependency in thyroid hormone secretion
      is at a site prior to the generation of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 172321
TI  - Diabetes insipidus and galactorrhea caused by histiocytosis X.
AB  - A 44-year-old woman with diabetes insipidus of 3 years duration was found to have
      histiocytosis X. This was based on clinical, radiological and pathological
      findings consistent with the diagnosis. Furthermore, she developed spontaneous
      galactorrhea during the course. Endocrine studies of hypothalamic-pituitary
      function revealed completely impaired secretion of gonadotropin, growth hormone
      and anti-diuretic hormone, and possible partial impairment of adrenocorticotropic
      hormone secretion, while thyroid stimulating hormone secretion remained intact.
      Persistently elevated plasma levels of human prolactin were also demonstrated,
      which were unaffected by administration of either thyrotropin releasing hormone,
      l-DOPA or water loading, but suppressed significantly by CB-154, an ergot
      alkaloid. These results suggest that abnormalities of the patient's endocrine
      function may be mainly accounted for by a single hypothalamic lesion.

PMID- 172322
TI  - ACTH secretion during sleep in a patient with Nelson's syndrome.
AB  - Plasma ACTH determinations were made by radioimmunoassay, every 10 min for 8
      hours during sleep in a patient with Nelson's syndrome. The plasma ACTH
      concentrations were relatively stable, fluctuating in a narrow range. It is
      strongly suggested that the pituitary tumor itself was secreting ACTH in an
      autonomous manner and it is concluded that a neuronally initiated program of ACTH
      secretion, was absent in the present patient with Nelson's syndrome.

PMID- 172323
TI  - Alteration of thyroidal responsiveness to TSH under the influence of circulating
      thyroid hormone: short feed-back regulatory effect.
AB  - In order to examine the hypothesis that the thyroidal responsiveness to TSH is
      under the influence of thyroid hormone, following the T3 injection to the mice,
      serum T3 concentrations and the response of thyroid tissue to a fixed dose of TSH
      in terms of intracellular colloid droplet formation was studied. The colloid
      droplets induced by TSH was significantly reduced when serum T3 was decreasing,
      while it was significantly increased when serum T3 was increasing. This results
      demonstrate for the first time the existence of short feed-back loop regulating
      intra-thyroidal function by circulating T3. To delineate the possible mechanism
      of action of T3, the thyroid gland of mouse whose serum T3 concentration was
      elevated by injecting 50 mug T3, was incubated with TSH in vitro. TSH-induced
      cyclic AMP generation was not inhibited at all but colloid droplet formation was
      significantly inhibited in the thyroid tissue of the animal whose serum T3
      concentration was enormously high. Thus, it was demonstrated that the site at
      which T3 affects is beyond cylcic AMP generation but prior to endocytosis, being
      consistent with our previous results.

PMID- 172324
TI  - The photo-reduction of SO2.

PMID- 172325
TI  - Effects of sulfur dioxide and bisulfite ion upon human lymphocyte membranes.

PMID- 172326
TI  - Studies on the women with acquired Fanconi syndrome observed in the Ichi river
      basin polluted by cadmium. Is this Itai-itai disease?

PMID- 172327
TI  - Correction of published starch-gel electrophoretic method. Hexokinase
      demonstrated instead of galactokinase.

PMID- 172328
TI  - Incorporation rate of glucose carbon, palmitate carbon and leucine carbon into
      metabolites in relation to enzyme activities and RNA levels in human skeletal
      muscles.
AB  - The activities (Vmax) of hexokinase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase,
      cytochrome c oxidase, and 3-OH-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in human skeletal muscles
      were compared with the in vitro utilization of glucose and palmitic acid assessed
      under optimal conditions. Statistically significant correlations between
      substrate fluxes and enzyme activities were found suggesting that the substrate
      incorporation rate in vitro in some way reflects the capacity of metabolic
      pathways. The incorporation rate of leucine into muscle proteins was also
      statistically significantly correlated to the RNA concentration in the muscle
      tissue. Glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes correlated significantly to each
      other and correlations were also found between aerobic enzymes supporting the
      validity of constant proportions between certain key enzymes in human skeletal
      muscles.

PMID- 172329
TI  - Adenyl cyclase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities in murine
      muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Adenyl cyclase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities were assayed in
      homogenates of hind leg skeletal muscle from dystrophic and normal mice. Adenyl
      cyclase activity was stimulated 2.5 times by epinephrine and 6 times by fluoride
      over the basal activity in both dystrophic and normal mice. The activity of
      adenyl cyclase from dystrophic muscle of mice was significantly higher than that
      of normal mice under all the conditions tested (i.e. basal, epinephrine and
      fluoride). Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from skeletal muscle of mice has
      two Km's (2.1 and 11 mumol/l) which suggests the existence of either two forms of
      enzyme or a single enzyme with negative cooperativity. The activity of this
      enzyme was significantly elevated in the skeletal muscle of dystrophic mice
      compared to the normal controls. The available evidence suggests that the same
      cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is responsible for the hydrolysis of both
      cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.

PMID- 172330
TI  - Enzyme activities in muscle and connective tissue of M. Vastus lateralis in
      habitually training and sedentary 33 to 70-year-old men.
AB  - A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the activities of certain
      enzymes representing aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism as well as the
      biosynthesis of collagen of M. vastus lateralis in 23 male endurance athletes in
      habitual training, aged 33 to 70 years. 23 sedentary healthy men of corresponding
      ages were selected for the control group. The mean maximal oxygen uptake of the
      trained subjects was 53.6 ml-kg--1. min--1 and that of the control subjects 36.3
      ml-kg--1. min--1. As compared to the control group the trained subjects had
      significantly higher values in the muscle malate dehydrogenase, succinate
      dehydrogenase and prolyl hydroxylase activities, whereas the opposite was true in
      the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. In hexokinase and creatine phosphokinase
      no marked differences between the groups were observed. The results showed that
      endurance training leads to increased activities of oxidative enzymes in the
      skeletal muscle. The adaptation changes were also observed in old men. The
      increased activity of prolyl hydroxylase may reflect the general enzymatic
      adaptation to physical training. A possibility exists that the turnover of muscle
      collagen in endurance athelets is continuously faster than that in sedentary men
      of corresponding ages.

PMID- 172332
TI  - Heterogeneity of enterotoxin-like protein extracted from spores fo Clostridium
      perfringens type A.
AB  - Enterotoxin-like protein was extracted from spores of three enterotoxin-positive
      and three enterotoxin-negative strains of Clostridium perfringens type A by
      urea/mercaptoethanol, alkaline mercaptoethanol and alkaline dithiothreitol. Disc
      immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that three distinct enterotoxin-like proteins
      could be extracted. In 7% acrylamide gels, type I, type II, and type III
      enterotoxinlike proteins had relative mobilities of 0.52, 0.63, and 0.73
      respectively. In contrast to disc immunoelectrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis in
      agar gel demonstrated identical electrophoretic properties for the various
      entertoxin-like proteins. Immunoelectrofocusing experiments gave isoelectric
      points of 4.43, 4.43, 4.36, and 4.52 for purified entertoxin and type I, type II,
      and type III enterotoxin-like proteins respectively. Ferguson plots (i.e., log
      relative mobility versus acrylamide concentration) yielded nonparallel lines
      which intersected at a nonsieving concentration of acrylamide indicating that the
      various species of enterotoxin-like protein differed in size. Estimation of the
      molecular weight of purified enterotoxin and the three species of enterotoxin
      like protein was done by comparing the slopes obtained in Ferguson plots with
      those obtained using proteins of a known molecular weight. Molecular weights of
      38000, 36500, 23000, and 15400 were obtained for purified enterotoxin, type I,
      type II, and type III enterotoxin-like protein respectively. Collectively, the
      evidence indicates that fractionation of the different species of enterotoxin
      like protein was due primarily to differences in their size, and that different
      forms of enterotoxin-like protein can be extracted from spores of different
      strains of C. perfringens type A.

PMID- 172331
TI  - The 3'-amido and 5'-amido analogues of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate; interaction
      with cAMP-specific proteins.
AB  - The sensitivity for recognition of adenosine 3:5'-monophosphate (cAMP) by its
      coordinate proteins towards chemical changes in the six-membered cyclic phosphate
      ring has been investigated. A comparison of the interaction parameters of the 3'
      and 5'-amido analogues (I, II) and of unsubstituted cAMP has been made using two
      different protein kinases and the phosphodiesterase from bovine heart. Binding
      affinity and the capacity of the amido analogues to stimulate the
      phosphotransferase activity of the kinases is greatly reeuced relative to cAMP,
      the 3'-position being more sensitive towards the modification than the 5'
      position. The coordinate noncyclic derivatives, 3'-deoxy-3'-amino-5'-AMP (IV) and
      5'-deoxy-5'-amino-3'-amp (iii), were also tested. Surprisingly activity towards
      protein kinases was found to be considerable for the 5'-deoxy-5'-amino-3'-AMP
      (III), while the 3'-deoxy-3'-amino-5'-AMP (IV) is practically inactive. A
      possible reason for this is that the noncylic 5'-analogue (III) may be able to
      assume a cyclic structure maintained by internal salt formation. The
      phosphodiesterase splits both cyclic amido analogues but with reduced rates
      compared to that of natural cAMP. Kinetic data obtained from different methods
      reveal a stronger affinity for the 5'-analogue (I) than the 3'-analogue (II) for
      the active site, although the reaction rate at saturated substrate concentration
      is significantly higher with II than with I. The properties of the amido and the
      noncyclic amino analogues are discussed with available data from chemotaxis of
      the cellular slime moulds. Furthermore data of the respective methylene cyclic
      derivatives are used for a more comprehensive comparison. The above is
      interpreted in terms of the electronic features of the substitutions and of the
      changes in bond distances or angles upon replacement of O by NH or CH2 in the
      cyclic phosphate ring (obtained from X-ray work).

PMID- 172333
TI  - Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in normal, developing, and
      neoplastic tissues of the rat.

PMID- 172334
TI  - Factors influencing the estimation of oestrogen receptors in human malignant
      breast tumours.

PMID- 172335
TI  - Biochemical changes in GR mouse mammary tissue during hormonal tumor induction.

PMID- 172336
TI  - Analog modeling of glucagon-induced autophagy in rat liver. II. Evaluation of
      iron labeling as a means for identifying telolysosome, autophagosome and
      autolysosome populations.

PMID- 172337
TI  - Separation of transcriptionally active from less active rat ventral prostate
      chromatin.

PMID- 172338
TI  - Changes in the content of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP during the development of
      Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 172339
TI  - Polyadenylic acid-containing cytoplasmic RNA increases in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate-induced 'differentiated' neuroblastoma cells in culture.

PMID- 172340
TI  - Magnesium inositol hexaphosphate deposits in mesozoan dispersal larvae.

PMID- 172341
TI  - Protein synthesis during aging of human cells in culture. Direction by polio
      virus.

PMID- 172342
TI  - Ultrastructure of the trophoblast-epithelial junction at blastocyst implantation
      in the mouse.

PMID- 172343
TI  - Viability of cells reconstituted by virus-induced fusion of minicells with
      anucleate cells.

PMID- 172344
TI  - Specific visualization of tubulin-containing structures in tissue culture cells
      by immunofluorescence. Cytoplasmic microtubules, vinblastine-induced
      paracrystals, and mitotic figures.

PMID- 172345
TI  - Quantitation of contact-feeding between somatic cells in culture.

PMID- 172346
TI  - Effect of ouabain resistance on human diploid fibroblasts carrying other genetic
      variants.

PMID- 172347
TI  - Stimulation of growth of serum-deprived chick embryo fibroblasts by 3',5'
      phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 172348
TI  - Localization of adenylate cyclase in Dictyostelium discoideum. I. Preparation and
      biochemical characterizations of cell fractions and isolated plasma membrane
      vesicles.

PMID- 172350
TI  - Drug-induced alterations in morphology and level of cAMP in cultured human glioma
      cells.

PMID- 172351
TI  - The chronic effects of db-cAMP on cell cycle parameters and cell size in
      asynchronous culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells.

PMID- 172349
TI  - Reversible inhibition of cAMP-induced axon formation in neuroblastoma cells by
      concanavalin A and vinblastine. Relationship to microtubules and cytotoxicity.

PMID- 172352
TI  - Nuclear control of cellular aging demonstrated by hybridization of anucleate and
      whole cultured normal human fibroblasts.

PMID- 172353
TI  - Variant human diploid fibroblast clones able to grow in homocysteine in place of
      cyst(e)ine.

PMID- 172354
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides and amphibian development.

PMID- 172355
TI  - Levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in sea urchin gametes and
      embryos during the first cell division.

PMID- 172356
TI  - Excitability and chemosensitivity properties of a somatic cell hybrid between
      mouse neuroblastoma and sympathetic ganglion cells.

PMID- 172357
TI  - Dictyostelium aggregate-less mutant plasma membranes.

PMID- 172358
TI  - Cytoplasmic DNA in rat corpora lutein cells. Effect of prolactin on [3H]thymidine
      incorporation.

PMID- 172360
TI  - Concanavalin A and the in vitro induction in macrophages of vacuolation and
      lysosomal enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 172359
TI  - Periodate-induced lymphocyte transformation. V. Inhibition of periodate-induced
      transformation of human peripheral lymphocytes with aldehyde-blocking agents.

PMID- 172361
TI  - Erythropoiesis in cultures of dispersed cell preparations from early chick
      blastodiscs.

PMID- 172362
TI  - A comparative study of central visual field changes induced by sarin vapour and
      physostigmine eye drops.

PMID- 172363
TI  - Induction of mitosis in the cultured rabbit lens initiated by the addition of
      insulin to medium KEI-4.

PMID- 172364
TI  - Reversible suppression of ponto-geniculo-occipital waves by localized cooling
      during paradoxical sleep in cats.

PMID- 172365
TI  - Hippocampal electrical correlates of free behavior and behavior induced by
      stimualtion of two hypothalamic- hippocampal systems in the cat.

PMID- 172366
TI  - Effects of five to seven days of sleep deprivation produced by electrical
      stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation.

PMID- 172367
TI  - Intestinal carcinogenesis in rats using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine with or without
      degraded carrageenan.

PMID- 172369
TI  - On the mechanism of inhibition of enzyme induction in Escherichia coli by
      distamycin A.
AB  - The mechanism of the interference of the antiviral antibiotic distamycin A with
      the bacterial cell has been investigated. Labelled distamycin A is firmly bound
      by E. coli cells and the binding process does not require metabolic energy as
      indicated by the use of inhibitors. The antibiotic does not induce gross
      alteration in the cell membrane but inhibits cyclic AMP accumulation in the cells
      exposed to a glucose-free medium. This inhibition is concomitant with that
      exerted on the synthesis of an inducible enzyme such as beta-galactosidase. By
      the method of pulse induction it appears that distamycin A exterts its inhibiting
      effect on inducible synthesis at the level of transcription. This effect is
      probably related to an interference with the positive control of enzyme synthesis
      performed via the system represented by cyclic AMP and the CRP protein.

PMID- 172368
TI  - Experimental vesicular stomatitis virus infection: ultrastructural pathology.

PMID- 172370
TI  - [Synthesis and properties of semisynthetic penicillins containing the furoxan
      nucleus].
AB  - Synthesis, antibacterial activity and stability in acid solution of potassium
      salts of 6-(3-methyl-4-furoxancarboxyamido)penicillanic acid and 6-(4-methyl-3
      furoxancarboxyamido)penicillanic acid are reported.

PMID- 172371
TI  - Quantification of triglyceride transport in blood plasma: a critical analysis.
AB  - Reliable and precise quantification of endogenous triglyceride transport in man
      has not been possible with simple means to date. Direct measurement of net
      splanchnic secretion of triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) in very low density
      lipoproteins (VLDL) provides the must unambiguous information, but precision is
      low. Coupling infusion of labeled fatty acid with sampling of arterial and
      hepatic venous blood increases precision; however, the contribution of precursors
      other than plasma free fatty acids (FFA) must be assessed. Measurement of the
      rate of hydrolysis of plasma triglycerides after displacing lipases into the
      blood with heparin holds promise as a simple, nonisotopic method, but it has not
      been carefully validated and heparin itself alters FFA and triglyceride
      transport. Multicompartmental analysis following pulse injection of labeled fatty
      acid offers a practical approach, but uncertainties about the number  and
      location of interacting compartments have made it impossible to determine an
      absolute value for transport. Reinjection of biologically labeled plasma VLDL is
      impractical for large scale use, and validity of this approach remains uncertain
      because of heterogeneity of VLDL-triglycerides and their complex metabolic
      behavior. Methods to label VLDL-triglycerides in vitro deserve more study as does
      labeling of other components, such as the B-apoprotein. Such approaches will
      require rigorous comparison with biologically labeled material as well as careful
      assessment of alterations in kinetic behavior that may occur when VLDL are
      separated from blood plasma.

PMID- 172372
TI  - Triglyceride turnover: a comparison of simultaneous determinations using the
      radioglyceride and the lipolytic rate procedures.
AB  - Two different methods of examining triglyceride turnover are described. One
      measures the clearance of endogenously labeled triglyceride glycerol, the
      radioglyceride method. The other assesses the hydrolysis of endogenous very low
      density lipoproteins after a primed infusion of maximal doses of heparin, the
      lipolytic rate. Both depend on widely different assumptions. A comparison of data
      obtained by both methods at the same time in single individuals with widely
      differing triglyceride concentrations revealed them to agree quite closely. This
      correspondence indirectly suggests the validity of the procedures. The procedures
      have been applied to show that fat-free high-carbohydrate diets accelerate
      triglyceride production in some humans.

PMID- 172373
TI  - Preliminary model for human lipoprotein metabolism in hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - A model is proposed for the metabolism of plasma lipoprotein apoproteins based on
      studies of a hyperlipoproteinemic subject who received 2.5 mCi[3H]leucine
      intravenously. Measurements included apoprotein specific activities (apo-B and
      apo-C) of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and of three low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) subspecies, Sf 17 LDL, Sf 10 LDL, and Sf 4 LDL. Activities of
      plasma albumin were also determined. The data were analyzed using a compartmental
      model and the SAAM computer program. A chain-like series of compartments were
      necessary to simulate plasma VLDL kinetics, suggesting a multistep delipidation
      process. The data are consistent with the notion that VLDL is the dominant LDL
      precursor. Two modes of conversion from VLDL to LDL are required. After partial
      delipidation some VLDL is converted to the Sf 17 LDL, while the remainder
      undergoes further delipidation before being converted to Sf 4 LDL, the major
      plasma LDL component. Some direct release of LDL into plasma had to be introduced
      to fit the data, about 24% of total LDL production. The three LDL subspecies
      follow a precursor-product relationship (Sf 17 leads to Sf 10 leads to Sf 4). The
      analysis also indicates that in using labeled leucine as a tracer, the slow
      exchange of leucine with the total body protein pool must be considered in trying
      to resolve the LDL subsystem and in the estimation of steady-state apoprotein
      levels. In view of the fact that the proposed model is based predominantly on the
      data from a single patient, no generalizations can be made about parameter
      values. The study is most valuable, however, in pointing out metabolic pathways
      not considered before and in calling attention to variables that must be
      considered in the design of experiments to study lipoprotein kinetics.

PMID- 172375
TI  - [Japanese encephalitis].

PMID- 172374
TI  - Erythropoietin and the differentiation of red blood cells.
AB  - Erythropoietin is the primary factor regulating red blood cell formation in
      mammals and some other animals. It has been purified from plasma derived from
      anemic sheep and from the urine of anemic patients and is a glycoprotein. The
      sheep hormone has a molecular weight of 46,000 and appears to consist of a single
      chain. The carbohydrate and amino acid compositions where known, are summarized,
      as are the known structural requirements for biological activity. Its mode of
      action as the inducer of red cell differentiation has been studied in marrow cell
      and fetal liver cell cultures. Erythropoietin interacts first with a protein
      receptor on its target cell causing the appearance of a cytoplasmic protein
      thought to be a mediator that, in turn, causes an increased rate of transcription
      in the target cell nuclei. There are several different species of RNA synthesized
      before the cells initiate hemoglobin synthesis. The effect on transcription is
      only indirectly dependent on DNA synthesis. Some properties of the primitive
      erythropoietin-responsive cell are discussed and a cellular model for blood cell
      differentiation is presented.

PMID- 172376
TI  - The expression of avian gs antigen in mammalian Rous sarcoma virus-transformed
      cells after treatment with 5-iododeoxyuridine and dexamethasone.
AB  - The content of avian gs antigen in RSV-transformed rat cells LW13-RsK1 and LW13
      RsK4 showed a transient increase after treatment with 5-iododeoxyuridine. Higher
      levels of gs antigen were found when treated cells were cultivated in the
      presence of dexamethasone. In no case was the production of RSV found in treated
      RSV-transformed rat cell lines when, in addition, XC cells were tested.

PMID- 172378
TI  - Long-term preservation of transfecting activity of DNA isolated from rat
      virogenic XC cells transformed by Prague strain of Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - The DNA isolated from rat virogenic XC cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus
      retains standard transfecting activity for 7 months when the DNA solution in 0.1
      X PBS, containing 10% glycerol is stored at -70 degrees C. The value of the
      sedimentation constant S20w does not significantly change during storage.

PMID- 172377
TI  - Effect of prophylactic and therapeutic administration of BCG vaccine on growth of
      experimental sarcoma.
AB  - The effect of prophylactic and therapeutic administration of BCG vaccine on
      growth of transplantable sarcomas induced by MSV-Harvey (MSVT1) and 3
      methylcholanthrene (MC 11 and MC 12) in C57BL/10Sn mice was studied. Growth of
      MSVT1 sarcomas was not inhibited by oral or intratumoral BCG therapy. Nor was
      prophylactic oral administration of BCG followed by therapeutic oral BCG
      treatment effective. On the other hand, intradermal administration of an adequate
      dose of BCG vaccine preceding the tumour transplantation inhibited tumour growth.
      The low (0.05-0.2 mg.) doses of BCG induced resistance comparable to the effect
      of subcutaneous immunization with tumour cells, whereas the higher (0.5-1.0 mg)
      doses had no effect. Growth of MC 11 and MC 12 tumours was not affected by
      prophylactic intradermal BCG administration.

PMID- 172379
TI  - Mode of dermal-epidermal adhesion.
AB  - The mode of dermal-epidermal adhesion was investigated by a systematic enzyme
      digestion of the dermo-epidermal junction. The anchoring fibrils and filaments
      were found to consist of elastin and collagen-like filaments which intertwine to
      form the adepidermal membrane. A model on the possible in situ conditions is
      proposed.

PMID- 172380
TI  - The influence of the intrapolymer environment on periodate oxidation of uronic
      acids in polyuronides and glycosaminoglycuronans.

PMID- 172381
TI  - The functioning of a nicotinamide--adenine dinucleotide-dependent dehydrogenase
      and the structure adjacent to the reacting carbon atom of the substrate.

PMID- 172382
TI  - Adrenergic controls in the S phase of liver regeneration.

PMID- 172383
TI  - Effects of detergents on virus- and chemically induced fusion of erythrocytes.

PMID- 172384
TI  - Effects of thiol reagents on virus- and chemically induced fusion of
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 172385
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in the anaerobic protozoon Entodinium caudatum.

PMID- 172386
TI  - Presence of plasma-membrane enzymes in bile and their partial purification by
      affinity chromatography with concanavalin A.

PMID- 172387
TI  - Elevation of intracellular calcium ion concentration provokes production of 1,2
      diacylglycerol and phosphatidate in human erythrocytes.

PMID- 172389
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a cell-surface fraction from hamster-embryo
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 172388
TI  - Differences in the enzymic, polypeptide, glycopeptide, glycolipid and
      phospholipid compositions of plasma membranes from the two surfaces of intestinal
      epithelial cells.

PMID- 172390
TI  - [Tonometric, kymographic and radiological studies of the effect of some drugs on
      uterotubal contractility].

PMID- 172391
TI  - Mechanism of nucleotide inhibition of gonadotropin binding to cell membranes of
      bovine corpus luteum.
AB  - ATP, CTP, ADP, AMP, cyclic 3',5'-AMP (cAMP) and cyclic 3',5'-CMP (cCMP)
      effectively inhibited the specific binding of 125I-labelled human chorionic
      gonadotropin ([125I]HCG) to bovine corpus luteum cell membranes. This inhibition
      was observed with 2.5 X 10(-4) M to 1.0 X 10(-3) M nucleotide concentrations,
      regardless of the presence of a nucleotide regenerating system. Submaximal
      concentrations of combinations of the nucleotides were additive in inhibiting
      binding. The inhibition of [125I]HCG binding was observed when the nucleotides
      were added at the beginning of or during incubation or preincubation of the
      membranes with nucleotides. Preincubation of membranes with CTP and cAMP,
      subsequent washing and reincubation with hormone, showed time-dependent
      inhibition of [125I]HCG binding when the preincubation temperature was 38 degrees
      C but not at 4 degrees C. The concentrated supernates from nucleotides
      preincubated with membranes had no inhibitory effect on [125I]HCG binding to
      fresh membranes. In the absence of added nucleotides, [125I]HCG-membrane
      interaction had the following apparent binding constants: a Kd of 1.5 X 10(-10)
      M, 46.3 fmoles of binding sites per mg membrane protein, and rate constants for
      association and dissociation 4.0 X 10(6) M-1 sec-1 and 1.0 X 10(-3) sec-1,
      respectively. At steady state conditions of [125I]HCG binding, CTP inhibited
      [125I]HCG at lower concentrations of added hormone (less than 3 X 10(-9) M)
      whereas at higher concentrations, this nucleotide enhanced [125I]HCG binding.
      Scatchard analysis of the data revealed that inhibition and enhancement of
      [125I]HCG binding in the presence of CTP were due to lowered affinity of
      gonadotropin receptors (32-37) fold) and to exposure of new low-affinity binding
      sites for [125I]HCG, respectively. At non-steady-state conditions, nucleotides
      increased dissociation rates (80 to 100%) and decreased association rates (30 to
      38%). The data appear to be compatible with the suggestion that the nucleotides
      may bind to sites in the membranes and subsequently induce conformational changes
      in membrane components, resulting in a decreased affinity of gonadotropin
      receptors. The physiological significance of these findings needs to be
      determined.

PMID- 172392
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in uterine development.
AB  - Activities of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase were studied in rat uterus as a
      function of age, DNA and protein content. Linear kinetics were observed for
      uterine homogenate cyclic GMP (cGMP) phosphodiesterase activity, but anomalous
      double-reciprocal plots, suggestive of multiple enzyme forms, were observed for
      cyclic AMP (cAMP) hydrolysis, cAMP phosphodiesterase was therefore measured at
      high and low substrate concentrations, 200 muM and 0.25 muM cAMP, respectively,
      to approximate multiple enzyme activities. Based upon total organ content, the
      total cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activities increased throughout uterine
      development, from 5-50 days of age. On the same basis, the apparent low KM cAMP
      phosphodiesterase increased only between days 5 and 15 and showed no significant
      increase between days 15 and 50. On the other hand, specific activities of an
      apparent low KM cAMP phosphodiesterase, expressed per mg of protein or per mug of
      DNA, showed a marked reduction in activity between 30 and 50 days of age. Chronic
      administration of 17beta-estradiol to immature rats increased their uterine
      protein content and decreased the specific activity of the apparent low KM cAMP
      phosphodiesterase. In another estrogen target tissue, the anterior pituitary,
      protein and DNA content also increased during development but no changes in
      specific activities of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase were noted. These
      results suggest the possible participation of cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterases in the induction of uterine growth and development by ovarian
      hormones.

PMID- 172393
TI  - Effect of partially purified NSILA on adenylate cyclase, phosphodiesterase and
      3',5'-cyclic AMP in fat cells.
AB  - Partially purified, non-suppressible, insulin-like material (NSILA-S)  was
      studied with respect to its effect on the levels of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate (cAMP) and its mechanism of action in the control of this
      nucleotide in rat fat cells. NSILA-S prevents the rise of cAMP in fat cells under
      the influence of isoproterenol with similar kinetics to insulin. A maximal effect
      is observed at about 70 ng/ml with a biological activity equivalent to 200 muU/ml
      of insulin. NSILA-S inhibits norepinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity
      in fat cell ghosts and partially purified plasma membrane preparations. At 10 mM
      Mg2+, the inhibition is characterized by an effect of Vmax without change in
      affinity towards ATP (apparent KM 30 muM). Similarly there is no observed change
      in affinity towards Mg2+. With respect to inhibition of norepinephrine-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase, the dose-response curve of NSILA-S is similar to that already
      found with intact cells. The effect of norepinephrine is inhibited throughout the
      dose-response range between 5 X 10(-7) and 5 X 10(-4) M. In contrast to previous
      observations with insulin in ghosts, NSILA-S inhibits the basal adenylate cyclase
      activity. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in homogenates as measured
      at 1.0 muM substrate is increased by 90% after previous incubation of fat cells
      with NSILA-S. The study suggests that the anti-lipolytic effect of NSILA-S is
      mediated by a lowering of cAMP through inhibition of the adenylate cyclase and/or
      stimulation of the phosphodiesterase system.

PMID- 172395
TI  - The estrogen cytosol receptor of female ovine pituitary.
AB  - The biochemical parameters of estrone and estradiol binding to the cytosol
      fraction of ovine anterior pituitary were investigated. When increasing amounts
      of [3H]estrone or [3H]estradiol were incubated with the 105,000 g fraction from
      the pituitary, both hormones bound to a receptor with the same apparent KD (mean
      +/- S.E., estrone = 1.40 +/- 0.30 X 10(-10) M, estradiol = 1.03 +/- 0.11 X 10(
      10)M) and the same concentration of binding sites (estrone = 3.22 +/- 0.58 X 10(
      14) moles/mg protein, estradiol = 3.92 +/- 0.19 X 10(-14)). No conversion of
      [3H]estrone to [3H]estradiol under the experimental conditions used could be
      demonstrated. The receptor-estrogen complex exhibited identical sedimentation
      coefficients (7-8 S) with either hormone. The receptor was specific only for
      estrogens; neither 500-fold excess of testosterone nor progesterone affected
      binding. Competitive inhibition using increasing amounts of non-radioactive
      estrone or estradiol with [3H]estrone or [3H]estradiol resulted in parallel
      displacement of the radioactive hormone. These results strongly suggest that both
      hormones bind to the same pituitary cytosol receptor.

PMID- 172394
TI  - Studies on isolated rat adrenal cells metabolism of hydroxylated sterols.
AB  - Corticosterone production by isolated rat adrenal cells in the absence of ACTH is
      stimulated by 20alpha-hydroxycholesterol, 22R-hydroxycholesterol and 25
      hydroxycholesterol. This effect is also seen at sub-maximal ACTH concentrations.
      Aminoglutethimide (AGI) inhibits the stimulation caused by the three hydroxylated
      cholesterols. In the presence of ACTH, AGI also inhibits steroid production both
      under control conditions and in the presence of the sterols. The stimulation by
      25-hydroxycholesterol is dose-dependent, both in the presence and absence of a
      sub-maximal ACTH concentration. At maximal ACTH concentrations 25
      hydroxycholesterol does not give additional stimulation. Cycloheximide has no
      effect on corticosterone production from 25-hydroxycholesterol whether ACTH is
      present or not. Our results indicate that 25-hydroxycholesterol is a good
      substrate for the study of the cholesterol side-chain cleaving system and the
      mechanism of action of ACTH at the levels of the intact cell.

PMID- 172396
TI  - A possible cause of termination of cell growth in the cellular slime mold
      Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 172397
TI  - Hormonal regulation of glycogen metabolism in human fetal liver. I. Normal
      development and effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, glucagon, and insulin in liver
      explants.
AB  - Glycogen accumulates in human fetal liver beginning at the eighth week of
      gestation. A parallel increase in total glycogen synthase activity is found,
      although the I-form activity remains low and constant throughout the first two
      thirds of gestation. Total phosphorylase activity increases slightly during this
      period, with the proportion in the active form amounting to about one half of the
      total throughout. After an initial rapid decline, the glycogen concentration in
      explants of human fetal liver remained constant for twenty to forty hours at
      about 20 per cent of the in vivo level. Incubation with glucagon, cyclic AMP
      (adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate) or its dibutyryl derivative markedly reduced
      tissue glycogen concentrations while insulin brought about a small increase. The
      effect of maximal doses of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and glucagon were the same, and
      the combination of agents produced no further effect. The response to dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP was apparent by one hour and maximal by three to six hours, whereas
      the response to insulin required about six hours to be detected, and it continued
      for at least eighteen hours. Insulin antagonized the glycogenolytic effect of low
      doses of glucagon or theophylline but was without significant effect in the
      presence of high glucagon concentrations. Glucagon stimulated cyclic AMP output
      from explants, and this effect was further augmented by theophylline. Insultin
      had no consistent effect on cyclic AMP output in either the presence or the
      absence of glucagon or theophylline. Incubation with dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      resulted in a decrease of glycogen synthase I-form activity, while insulin tended
      to increase this enzyme activity. In neither circumstance was the proportion of
      active phosphorylase altered. These results suggest that the regulation of
      glycogen levels in human fetal liver by cyclic AMP, glucagon, and insulin may
      entail alterations in the activity of glycogen synthase activity without
      necessitating alterations in phosphorylase activity. Cyclic AMP or glucagon was
      capable of depleting tissue glycogen stores in tissue from fetuses of six weeks'
      gestation. Insulin increased tissue glycogen concentrations in tissue from
      fetuses of seven or more weeks.

PMID- 172398
TI  - Effect of Shigella enterotoxin on electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum.
AB  - Shigella dysenteriae I is one of several bacteria which produces an enterotoxin
      capable of stimulating intestinal water and electrolyte secretion. Unlike cholera
      and Escherichia coli enterotoxins which have been shown to increase intracellular
      cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in the small intestine, the mechanism by
      which shigella enterotoxin causes intestinal secretion is not known. To study
      shigella enterotoxin-stimulated intestinal secretion, rabbit ileal mucosa exposed
      in vivo to Shigella dysenteriae I enterotoxin was studied in vitro in a modified
      Ussing chamber. Fluid and electrolyte accumulation occurred in vivo and net
      sodium secretion was present in vitro in the enterotoxin-exposed tissue in
      contrast to net sodium absorption in control mucosa. Short-circuit current (Isc)
      was similar in shigella enterotoxin-exposed tissue compared with control tissue.
      The increase adenosine monophosphate was similar to enterotoxin-exposed and
      control mucosa. The addition of glucose resulted in a smaller increment of Isc in
      shigella enterotoxin-treated tissue. Mucosal cyclic adenosine monophosphate
      levels in enterotoxin-exposed mucosa did not differ from those of control. These
      results indicate that the characteristics of rabbit ileal mucosa exposed to
      shigella enterotoxin and cholera enterotoxin markedly differ, although both
      produce electrolyte secretion both in vivo and in vitro. These studies further
      suggest that, in contrast to its role in cholera enterotoxin-induced intestinal
      secretion, cyclic adenosine monophosphate may not be in the mediator of shigella
      enterotoxin stimulation of intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion.

PMID- 172399
TI  - Pathogenesis of Salmonella-mediated intestinal fluid secretion. Activation of
      adenylate cyclase and inhibition by indomethacin.
AB  - Salmonella typhimurium, an organism that invades intestinal mucosa but does not
      elaborate a traditional enterotoxin, evokes ileal secretion by causing
      alterations in active sodium and chloride transport mechanisms. To evaluate the
      possibility that these changes in transport might be related to the adenylate
      cyclase-cyclic AMP or NA+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) systems, mucosal
      adenylate cyclase, cAMP phosphodiesterase, Na+-K+ and Mg++ ATPase activities, and
      cAMP concentrations were measured in rabbit ileal loops infected with two strains
      of S. typhimurium. Strain TML invades the mucosa and evokes fluid secretion
      whereas strain SL 1027 invades but does not evoke secretion. Cholera toxin
      stimulated loops were also studied. When compared to control loops, TML-infected
      mucosa demonstrated a marked increase in adenylate cyclase activity, in cAMP
      concentration, and no change in phosphodiesterase or ATPase activities. SL 1027
      infected mucosa demonstrated no change in either adenylate cyclase or ATPase
      activities. Indomethacin pretreatment of cyclase activation. In contrast,
      indomethacin pretreatment of cholera toxin exposed animals resulted in only a
      partial reduction of secretion while not altering the stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase. These results suggest that: (1) S. typhimurium causes ileal secretion by
      stimulating adenylate cyclase; (2) mucosal invasion alone (SL 1027) is not
      sufficient to activate adenylate cyclase, and (3) Na+-K+-ATPase does not appear
      to be involved in salmonella-induced secretion. The mechanism of salmonella
      activation of adenylate cyclase is unclear but apparently differs from that of
      cholera toxin in that it is inhibited by indomethacin. This might be explained by
      the participation of prostaglandins in the salmonella activation process.

PMID- 172400
TI  - Etiological spectrum of post-transfusion hepatitis.
AB  - Frequent occurrence of post-transfusion hepatitis continues despite screening for
      Australia antigen in blood before transfusion and elimination of commercial donor
      sources. The majority of these cases appears unrelated to hepatitis B virus.
      Preoperative, acute, and convalescent serra were screened for evidence of
      hepatitis B, hepatitis A, Epstein-Barr, and cytomegalovirus exposure in 34
      cardiac surgery patients developing post-transfusion hepatitis postoperatively.
      Four patients showed evidence of hepatitis B infection and 3 patients developed
      significant antibody titer rises to cytomegalovirus. No patient showed evidence
      for acute hepatitis A infection postoperatively in response to blood
      transfusions. Epstein-Barr virus was also not responsible for any cases of post
      transfusion hepatitis. Presently available laboratory methods failed to implicate
      hepatitis A, Epstein-Barr, or cytomegalo-virus in the majority of non-B post
      transfusion hepatitis cases. This suggests that identification and
      characterization of additional hepatitis-producing agents will be required to
      define further the epidemiology of post-transfusion hepatitis and develop
      measures for its prevention.

PMID- 172401
TI  - [Histological and histochemical studies on testis, epididymis and ductus defrens
      of the rooster (Gallus domesticus)].
AB  - Testis, epididymis and ductus deferens of the adult domestic fowl and male gonads
      of juvenile roosters have been studied by means of histochemical and histological
      methods. Testicular interstitial cells: According to enzyme-histochemical results
      oxidative energy production seems to be of minor importance. An extraordinarily
      high activity of lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and esterases in the adult,
      esterases only in the immature) is observed. Positive reactions of 3beta-steroid
      dehydrogenase and enzymes of the pentose phosphate cycle indicate steroid hormone
      production; the pathways of the steroid synthesis, however, are probably
      different in adult and immature testes. A remarkable LAP content of juvenile
      Leydig cells is a parameter of an increased protein metabolism. Areas of reserve
      cells: Focal accumulation of these cell types are observed in testis and
      epididymis of the immature and in the epididymis of the adult fowl. Reserve cells
      reveal distinct activities of LAP (prospective growth ability) and 3beta-HstDH
      (reserve capacity for steriod synthesis). All other enzymes studied react weakly,
      thus pointing to a generally low metabolic activity. Seminiferous tubules: The
      strong reaction of alkaline phosphatase in the peritubular cells may play a part
      in energy disposition for contractions. Sertoli cells of adult animals are rich
      in lysosomal enzymes and enzymes of the glycolytic chain but oxidoreductases
      react weaker than in mammalian Sertoli cells. This indicates that nutritive
      interactions between germ and Sertoli cells in birds are different from those in
      mammals: The basally orientated germ cells of birds contain strong activities of
      diaphorases, LDH, SDH, Cyto-Ox and seem to be metabolically rather indipendent
      from Sertoli cells.

PMID- 172402
TI  - In vitro insulin secretion from the penguin (Pygoscelis papua) pancreas.

PMID- 172403
TI  - [Histophysiology of the hypophyseal-interrenal axis in Atlantic salmon (fresh
      water cycle, thalassic life and reproduction)].

PMID- 172405
TI  - Immune response and the B blood group locus in chickens.
AB  - Chickens of three blood group genotypes, B1B1, B1B2 and B1B19, were compared in
      their ability to produce antibodies. The B locus is the major histocompatibility
      locus in this species. Homozygous B1 pullets had significantly higher adult
      mortality than did the B1 heterozygotes. In two separate experiments the B1B1
      females produced significantly fewer antibodies to Salmonella pullorum than did
      the B1 heterozygotes. Also the B1B1 pullets responded with lower antibody titers
      following immunization with ferritin, bovine serum albumin and parainfluenza-3
      virus, although the differences were not significant. The results of this study
      suggest that an immune response gene is associated with the major
      histocompatibility locus in chickens, paralleling the H-2 locus and Ir genes in
      mice.

PMID- 172404
TI  - The interrenal gland and ACTH and prolactin cells in the adenohypophysis of
      Monopterus and their roles in osmoregulations.

PMID- 172406
TI  - [Beta cholesterol in pregnancy cholestasis. I. Total cholesterol present in beta
      lipoprotein fractions].

PMID- 172407
TI  - [Comparative studies on the cytohormonal and cytochemical exponents of estrogens
      progesterone activity in the vaginal lining epithelium in women with pregnancy
      complications. I. Threatened abortion].

PMID- 172408
TI  - [Beta cholesterol in pregnancy cholestasis. II. Enzymatic changes in blood serum
      samples from women with pregnancy cholestasis and cholesterol content in beta
      lipoprotein fractions].

PMID- 172409
TI  - Multiple and multifocal carcinomas in female genital organs and breast.

PMID- 172410
TI  - Estradiol binding by human endometrial tissue.

PMID- 172411
TI  - [Treatment of infection in bone-marrow insufficiency].

PMID- 172413
TI  - [Surgical treatment of congenital malformations of the hand].
AB  - The commoner and more important congenital deformities of the hand are reviewed,
      considering their clinical picture, indications and optimal age for intervention,
      operative technique, postoperative care, and results. It is stressed that the
      value of many of the procedures can be assessed only after several years, and
      often only at the end of the growing period. The following malformations are
      discussed: 1. Syndactyly: There are many patterns of deformity; fusion of fingers
      of unequal legnth and distal bony fusion with convergence are absolute
      indications for early separation (six months of age); in uncomplicated cases
      operation can wait until the second year of life. Correctly placed skin incisions
      are of great importance for the prevention of scar contractures; a zig-zag
      incision forms long triangular flaps for cover of the sides of the fingers,
      splitting up areas of full-thickness skin graft; the commissure is formed from
      either two triangular flaps or a single dorsal rectangular flap...

PMID- 172412
TI  - Platelet aggregometry and anti-platelet isoantibodies.
AB  - 102 sera from polytransfused patients have been screened in platelet
      aggregometry. Anti-human platelet isoantibodies, tested against 'responsive'
      human platelets in PRP, give in the aggregometer a decrease in optical density
      recorded as a sigmoidal curve. In the first step of reaction PF3 availability
      suggests that the primary action of antibody is to damage the platelet membrane.
      The second step might be a true aggregation (an ADP-mediated platelet clumping)
      or a platelet lysis, depending on the type and the potency of antibody, on the
      type of platelets (normal or thrombasthenic) and on some experimental conditions.
      These conclusions, confirmed by electron microscopy findings, suggest that
      aggregometry is a very rapid and simple method of detecting platelet antibodies.

PMID- 172414
TI  - [Critical considerations of various surgical methods for correction of the
      syndactylia (report on an observation period of 10-20 years)].
AB  - During the postoperative period of 10 to 21 years 58 syndactylies in 45 hands of
      30 patients were followed-up with special attention to alternations due to
      growth. These were prevented in the majority of the patients, if the skin cover
      for the commissure was done by both a dorsal and palmar triangular skin flap and
      for the side areas of the fingers by several transversely oriented full thickness
      skin grafts, separated by bridges of the finger skin. In none of the 37
      syndactylies in which this procedure was performed, was a corrective operation
      necessary at the end of the growth period. These results harmonize with previous
      follow-up studies (MILLESI 1964). The observations of these patients for an
      additional 10 years have not shown any alterations due to growth.

PMID- 172415
TI  - Histochemical studies on the albino rat pancreas in different periods following
      vagotomy and simultaneous pyloromyotomy.
AB  - The effect of complete subphrenic vagotomy and simultaneous pyloromyotomy on the
      morphological state and the activities of some intracellular enzymes of the
      albino rat was studied histochemically. Within the first weeks after vagotomy,
      the pancreatic acini were found to diminish in size, and the beta-cells in the
      islets of Langerhans became oedematous. In the acini, the activities of succinate
      dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, AS naphthol acetate esterase, and glucose-6
      phosphatase were observed to decline, but the reactions for beta-glucuronidase
      and aryl sulphatase showed intensifications and polymorphic behaviour both in
      acinar and in islet cells. The latter also and particularly the beta-cells
      simultaneously revealed enhanced activities of succinate dehydrogenase,
      cytochrome oxidase, beta-glucuronidase, and aryl sulphatase, and an entire
      disappearance of the reaction for glucose-6-phosphatase. The alpha-cells
      increased their AS naphthol acetate esterase activity. After 5 weeks following
      vagotomy, morphological and enzymatic changes in the acini and islets were
      negligible, and after 5  and 9 months no differences were noted between the
      vagotomized rats and the control animals.

PMID- 172416
TI  - [Physiological role of prostaglandins in adrenergic and non-adrenergic inhibitory
      neurotransmission in guinea pig taenia coli].
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) E1, PGE2 and PGF2alpha and their biosynthesis inhibitor,
      indomethacin, were tested for their effects on the inhibitory responses of taenia
      induced by electrical stimulation of adrenergic and/or non-adrenergic inhibitory
      nerves in the perivascular nerve-taenia preparation isolated from guinea-pig
      caecum. The response to adrenergic nerve stimulation was considerably reduced by
      PGE1 and PGE2, while it was little affected by PGF2alpha. Although PGE1 and PGE2
      produced contraction of taenia, it may be possible to dismiss from consideration
      their action of contraction of taenia in accounting for their inhibitory effect
      on the response to nerve stimulation since the following observations were made,
      1) when the taenia were contracted by histamine, the response to adrenergic nerve
      stimulation was not reduced and 2) in the presence of polyphloretin phosphate,
      PGE1 and PGE2 did not contract taenia but reduced the response to adrenergic
      nerve stimulation. In the presence of indomethacin, the response to adrenergic
      nerve stimulation was increased greatly. On the contrary, the inhibitory response
      to non-adrenergic inhibitory nerve stimulation was not affected by application of
      PGE1, PGE2, PGF2alpha and indomethacin. These results suggest that endogenous PG
      of E series in guinea-pig taenia may play a role in modulating adrenergic
      neurotransmission. Attempts to demonstrate that PG could operate on a non
      adrenergic inhibitory neurotransmission by a negative feedback mechanism were
      without success.

PMID- 172417
TI  - [Solved and unsolved problems in clinical virology].

PMID- 172418
TI  - [Regulatory mechanisms in the cell].

PMID- 172419
TI  - [Effect of non-steroid antirheumatic drugs on the activity of collagenase].

PMID- 172420
TI  - Correlation between various cell-surface antigens induced by murine leukemia
      virus in the rat: serological analysis.
AB  - Analysis based on the cytotoxicity test using antisera produced in rats indicated
      the presence of various cell-surface antigens on the tumors in WKA/Mk rats
      induced or artificially infected by Friend, Rauscher or Gross viruses. Each line
      of the tumor was found to have a common antigen, namely group-specific cell
      surface antigen. A Gross type-specific and Friend and Rauscher type-specific cell
      surface antigens were also detected, in keeping with the observations in the
      mouse system. In addition, the present experiments strongly suggested that a
      Friend strain-specific antigen was detected only on the cell-surface of the
      tumors in WAK/Mk rat induced or artificially infected by Friend virus. These
      results were in parallel with the data of previously reported transplantation
      studies.

PMID- 172421
TI  - [Case of insulinoma detected with selective abdominal angiography].

PMID- 172422
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of an arginine-rich apolipoprotein from
      human plasma very-low-density lipoproteins: apolipoprotein E.
AB  - A water-insoluble apoprotein was isolated from apo-VLDL by column chromatography
      on Sephadex G-200 in sodium dodecylsulfate followed by preparative polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis in a discontinous sodium dodecylsulfate system, or by
      preparative electrophoresis alone. The protein was similar in amino acid
      composition to the "arginine-rich protein" reported by Shore and Shore. It
      represented about 10% of the total protein mass of VLDL. The apoprotein showed
      one single band with an apparent Mr of 39000 in sodium dodecylsulfate gel
      electrophoresis, and was homogeneous in gel electrophoresis at pH 8.9 In 8M urea.
      Immunochemical studies also showed homogeneity of this protein, and antisera
      prepared against it did not react with any other of the well known
      apolipoproteins, but did react with VLDL and apo-VLDL preparations. Analytical
      isoelectric focusing in 8M urea resulted in a heterogeneous banding pattern
      showing three major polypeptides with pI values of 5.5, 5.6 and 5.75. Thus this
      apolipoprotein clearly differs from the apo-B and apo-C polypeptides of VLDL as
      well as from apoproteins A and D in its molecular weight, amino acid composition,
      focusing behavior and immunochemical properties.

PMID- 172423
TI  - Studies on the asymmetric arrangement of membrane-lipid-enveloped virions as a
      model system.
AB  - Lipids of BHK 21 cells (baby hamster kidney) grown in tissue culture were
      labelled with radioactive fatty acids. The enveloped vesicular stomatitis virus
      was propagated in this host cell type. The virions were purified by density
      gradient centrifugation. Neuraminidase treatment of the intact virions led to a
      complete transformation of hematoside [N-acetylneuraminosyl(alpha2
      3)lactosyl(beta1-1)ceramide] into lactosylceramide, with identical labelling of
      the ceramide portion in hematoside of the untreated virions and the
      lactosylceramide of the neuraminidase-treated particles. The morphology of the
      virions appeared unchanged in electron micrographs, but the neuraminic-acid-free
      virions had a strong tendency to aggregate. The results of these studies are
      evidence that gangliosides are integrated exclusively into the outer lamella of
      the lipid bilayer in the viral envelope. It is also evident that the viral
      envelope is a suitable model for studies on membrane asymmetry.

PMID- 172424
TI  - Identification of cytochrome a and a3 in yeast cells.
AB  - 1) Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been analysed by single and double-bean
      spectroscopy. Evidence is given for two components of cytochrome c oxidase in the
      alpha-region of their absorption spectrum. A rapidly reduceable component with a
      maximum at 600 nm and a slowly reduceable component with a maximum at 604 nm
      contribute about equal amounts to the total alpha-absorption of cytochrome c
      oxidase. 2) The component absorbing at 600 nm was identified as the high
      potential component with a redox potential of 340 - 355mV, and the 604-nm
      component as the low-potential component of cytochrome c oxidase with redox
      potential of 180 - 190 mV. 3) Both components can be characterized by analysing
      the reduction kinetics in the presence of carbon monoxide. In the presence of
      saturating concentrations of carbon monoxide, an oxygen pulse leads to a rapid
      oxidation and subsequent reduction of cytochrome c oxidase, but the rapid
      reduction phase at 600 nm completely disappears, demonstrating its identity with
      cytochrome a3, which, being liganded by carbon monoxide in its reduced state,
      cannot react any more. The component which becomes oxidized and later reduced in
      the presence of carbon monoxide -- by definition cytochrome a -- has an
      absorption maximum at 604 nm. 4) The total extinction change at 604 nm in the
      presence of carbon monoxide is nearly as high as in its absence, but the
      reduction occurs in two phases and only the second phase, which contributes 50 -
      60% to the total absorbance, corresponds in redox potential and kinetic
      properties to cytochrome a. Because the redox potential of the first reduction
      phase is very close to that of the low-potential copper atom of cytochrome c
      oxidase, it is concluded that the apparent increase in the extinction coefficient
      of cytochrome a in the presence of carbon monoxide is the result of a strong
      interaction between the ligand fields of cytochrome a and copper, induced by the
      binding of carbon monoxide to reduced cytochrome a3.

PMID- 172425
TI  - On the detachment of the regulatory subunit of brain protein kinase from a cAMP
      polyacrylamide gel.

PMID- 172426
TI  - Short-term follow-up after brief inpatient treatment.
AB  - A total of 110 patients admitted to the inpatient unit of a community mental
      health center in Philadelphia were followed up between 90 and 120 days after
      discharge to determine their level of functioning after an average hospital stay
      of 21 days. All but five of the patients were referred for aftercare, and 80
      received outpatient or day hospital care after their release. Sixteen patients
      were readmitted to inpatient care within 90 days after discharge. The author
      describes the patients' social and community adjustment at follow-up, based on
      information obtained from aftercare therapists.

PMID- 172427
TI  - Short-term versus long-term hospitalization in a private psychiatric facility: a
      follow-up study.
AB  - A follow-up study was made of 43 short-term and 42 long-term ex-patients 18
      months after their discharge from a private psychiatric hospital. The short-term
      sample was different from the long-term sample on many preadmission and
      hospitalization variables, but it was much less different on the follow-up
      variables. Although most ex-patients in both samples were functioning well at
      follow-up, the long-term sample was doing somewhat better in all areas, according
      to both the former patients and their nearest relatives. Differences between the
      improvement of those in the short- and long-term sample increased when tested by
      diagnosis; long-term schizophrenic patients improved the most.

PMID- 172429
TI  - Effective discharge planning matches patient need and community resources.

PMID- 172428
TI  - A follow-up study of clients discharged from a day hospital aftercare program.
AB  - Sixty-one former clients of a day hospital aftercare program were assessed for
      level of social and individual functioning. They were found to be more like
      psychiatric patients than like the normal population. Marital status and type of
      residential arrangement were the only demographic variables that could be
      correlated with level of functioning. Married clients functioned better than
      those who were not married, and boarding-home residents were significantly more
      impaired than those in other living situations. Although the data did not permit
      conclusions about the effectiveness of the aftercare program, they suggested the
      need for improved conditions in boarding homes.

PMID- 172430
TI  - Giant cell carcinoma of the lung. A light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Three cases of giant cell carcinoma of lung and six other lung carcinomas with
      large atypical cell formation were studied by both light and electron microscopy.
      The giant cell carcinomas showed unique light and electron microscopic features,
      whereas large atypical cells from other lung carcinomas usually retained some
      ultrastructural characteristics of their cellular origin. The giant cell
      carcinoma is characterized by abundant mitochondria, a concentric whorl of
      tonofilament-like fibrils, and aggregates of several pairs of centrioles. The
      "phagocytic activity" of the giant cell carcinoma is more likely attributable to
      the so-called tumor cell-tumor cell or leukocyte-tumor cell emperipolesis. Giant
      cell carcinoma of lung may originate from a primitive multipotential cell in the
      distal bronchiole or be associated with a squamous, glandular, or clear cell
      pattern. Whether in pure or mixed form, this tumor should still be considered a
      specific entity because of its unique light and electron microscopic features and
      the fulminant clinical course it follows despite rate reported exceptions.

PMID- 172431
TI  - Distortion suppression in neuromuscular information transmission due to
      interchannel dispersion in muscle spindle firing thresholds.

PMID- 172432
TI  - A compartment description for cortisol secretion, distribution, binding, and
      metabolism in man.

PMID- 172433
TI  - Insect cell culture: improved media and methods for initiating attached cell
      lines from the Lepidoptera.
AB  - Several cell lines from the pupae of the noctuid moth species Spodoptera
      frugiperda, Heliothis zea, and Trichoplusia ni were isolated on a synthetic
      medium containing insect hemolymph and turkey serum. These lines were
      progressively adapted to improved media free of insect hemolymph but containing
      one or more of the following sera: turkey, chicken, and fetal calf. Primary
      culture tissue disruption was improved by substituting collagenase for trypsin.
      Primary culture survival was improved by controlling the total tissue volume per
      unit medium volum, and by the addition of glutathione to prevent melanization and
      to improve cell adherence to the substrate. Culture servival was also improved by
      heat treatment of sera, control of medium osmolality, and changes in the basal
      medium and serum supplementation. Some of these changes also resulted in improved
      growth giving higher maximal cell counts. Comparative cell growth on the various
      media was graphed and generation times given.

PMID- 172434
TI  - Detection of bovine viruses in fetal bovine serum used in cell culture.
AB  - This investigation employed a viral screening method detect endogenous bovine
      virus contaminants in commercially supplied fetal bovine serum. Fifty-one lots of
      fetal bovine serum from 14 suppliers were examined. Over 30% of the lots tested
      were found to contain bovine viruses; they included bovine virus  diarrhea virus,
      parainfluenza type3-like virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine enterovirus type 4,
      and an unidentified cytopathogenic agent. Of the 51 lots, 20 had been pretested
      by the suppliers and were considered to be free of known viral contaminants. Our
      viral screening methods revealed that five of these pretested lots, or 25%,
      contained endogenous bovine viruses.

PMID- 172435
TI  - Elevation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in established mamalian cell
      strains by Hypaque (sodium diatrizoate).
AB  - Hypaque (sodium diatrizoate), when added to cells growing in culture (two HeLa S3
      strains, rat glioblastoma C6 and mouse lymphoma L5178Y), increased the
      intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. A transient
      elevation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate was also observed when L5178Y
      cells were subjected to a procedure recommended for separation of lymphocytes
      from peripheral blood. The effect of Hypaque did not appear to be related to the
      increase in osmolality of the medium.

PMID- 172437
TI  - Influence of culture conditions of growth of FL-74 cells and feline oncornavirus
      cell membrane associated antigen production.
AB  - The FL-74 cell, a feline lymphoblastoid cell line derived from a tumor induced by
      leukemia virus, grows equally well in static suspension culture (plastic T-flask
      or silicone treated glass bottles) or in spinner culture. No growth was observed
      in unsiliconized glass bottles. Although feline leukemia virus production was
      nearly the same in FL-74 grown in each of the above types of vessel, the
      expression of the feline oncornavirus membrane associated antigen (FOCMA), as
      determined by membrane immunofluorescence, was more intense and more complete on
      cells grown in static suspension. Moreover, higher fluorescent antibody titer
      endpoints were observed with cells from static suspension cultures than with
      cells from spinner cultures, FL-74 cells grown in spinner culture, when subjected
      to partial synchrony by cold block or by deprivation of essential amino acids
      (arginine and/or isoleucine) for 12 hr, achieved a membrane fluorescent pattern
      for FOCMA similar to cells grown in static suspension. It is proposed that the
      expression of FOCMA on the cell membrane surface is cell-cycle dependent, and
      that the rate at which a cell passes through the cell cycle determines the
      pattern and intensity of the fluorescence of the cell membrane.

PMID- 172436
TI  - The positive control of cell proliferation by the interplay on calcium ions and
      cyclic nucleotides. A review.
AB  - Calcium, cyclic AMP, and cyclic GMP do not seem to be involved in proliferative
      activation of postmitotic differentiated cells. Instead, they are intracycle
      regulators, and we propose the following working model of their control of the
      initiation of DNA synthesis. While a role for cyclic GMP cannot yet be defined, a
      brief postmitotic burst of its synthesis might serve to prevent certain activated
      cells (e.g. 3T3 mouse cells) from being diverted into a nonproliferating (but
      still activated) G0 state (Figs. 1 and 17). In a latter part of the G1 phase,
      something happens to stimulate briefly the synthesis of cyclic AMP which, in
      turn, drives calcium ions from the mitochondria into the  cytosol to activate
      newly synthesized thymidylate synthetase (or other primed enzymic assemblies)
      (Fig. 1). Having "turned on" their target enzymes, the accumulated cyclic AMP is
      destroyed and the excess calcium ions are reaccumulated by the mitochondria to
      avoid interfering with succeeding reactions. This model predicts that persistent
      changes in cyclic AMP metabolism and the respiration-linked, calcium-accumulating
      (ion-buffering) activity of mitochondria may be responsible for the sustained
      growth of tumors.

PMID- 172438
TI  - Organ culture of human nervous system tumors.
AB  - Tumors of the human nervous system (neuroblastomas, an ependymoma, a
      medulloblastoma, and a Schwannoma) obtained during surgery have been cultured
      organotypically by the method of Wolff. The tumors retained characteristic
      morphology, organization and patterns of behavior in vitro, and one neuroblastoma
      gave rise to a growing long-term culture. Long-term organotypic culture, where
      maintenance of tissue organization and growth occur together, is recommended for
      the study of neoplasms of the nervous system.

PMID- 172440
TI  - Fine structural and cytochemical studies of human diploid fibroblasts arrested in
      an essentially nonmitotic state.
AB  - Human diploid fibroblasts can be maintained in vitro in an arrested, essentially
      nonmitotic state for extended periods of time by reducing the serum concentration
      in the medium from 10 to 0.5%. Arrested cells can be induced to re-enter the
      proliferative state by subcultivation in medium containing 10% serum. Fine
      structure, acid phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase, and extracellular carbohydrates
      in arrested cells were examined and compared to cultures growing in 10% serum and
      to cells transferred to 10% serum after 21 days in 0.5% serum. Cells in 10% serum
      posessed a well-developed Golgi complex, extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum,
      mitochondria containing transverse cristae, and many free ribosomes in the
      cytoplasm. In arrested cells, Golgi complexes were rarely observed, the number of
      both free and membrane-bound ribosomes was reduced, the number of cristae per
      mitochondria was decreased and the amount of demonstrable cytochrome oxidase
      activity was diminished. There was an accumulation of intercellular carbohydrate
      components. After subcultivation with medium containing 10% serum, arrested cells
      regained the ultrastructural characteristics of cells continuously cultured at
      this serum level; however, the amount of intercellular carbohydrate remained
      elevated. These results indicate that distinct yet reversible changes occur in
      the subcellular morphology and organization of cells maintained in an essentially
      nonmitotic state. This arrested state may be a close approximation to the
      situation as it occurs in vivo in expanding cell populations.

PMID- 172439
TI  - Fine structure of a murine mammary carcinoma cell line.
AB  - A fine structural study was made of cells from the epithelioid MCF-8/5-2A cell
      line derived from a MuMTV-free D2 transplantable hyperplastic outgrowth. Electron
      microscopy shows the cells to be truly epithelial with many cell-to-cell
      junctions and microvilli. The cells are similar in many respects to normal mouse
      mammary gland and some of the conventional mammary tumor derived cell lines. This
      study supports previous observations of the absence of MuMTV in MCF-8 within the
      limits of morphological detection, and demonstrates the presence of numerous
      virus particles within, or budding into, cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum
      and nuclear envelope. These intracisternal A particles have not been previously
      described in such abundance in mammary tumor tissue culture cells.

PMID- 172441
TI  - Naturally occurring autoantibodies against hidden cellular antigens.

PMID- 172442
TI  - Effect of host's nutrition on immune response to amoebic antigen & on
      susceptibility to infection with Entamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 172443
TI  - Triton induced hyperlipoproteinemia in rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 172444
TI  - Role of cyclic-AMP on morphogenesis in Chironomus thummi thummi (Kieffer).

PMID- 172445
TI  - Interaction of cholera enterotoxin with cultured adrenal tumor cells.
AB  - In the adrenal tumor cell system ganglioside Gm1 inhibited cholera enterotoxin
      (CT)-induced steroidogenesis if it was preincubated with the toxin or added to
      adrenal cells 10 min before CT. In the preincubation studies a molar ratio of Gm1
      to toxin of 3:1 was necessary for half-maximal inhibition of steroidogenesis. On
      the other hand, horse serum anticholeragenoid neutralized the steroidogenic
      response to cell-bound CT by 50% if it was added to adrenal monolayer cultures 15
      min after the toxin. Specific antiserum was able to neutralized 20% of the toxin
      induced activity even if it was added to adrenal cultures 2 h after CT. Phase
      contrast microscopy demonstrated that partial neutralization of the biochemical
      effect of CT by horse serum anticholeragenoid was accompanied by partial
      prevention of toxin-induced rounding of adrenal cells. Further studies showed
      that pretreatment of cultured adrenal cells with a maximal dose of CT increased
      cyclic adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate formation in response to a maximal
      stimulating dose of adrenocorticotropin. This result suggested potentiation of
      hormonal activation of adenylate cyclase in intact adrenal tumor cells in
      response to CT.

PMID- 172447
TI  - Effect of staphylococcal protein A on complement-potentiated neutralization of
      herpes simplex virus and immune lysis of virus-infected cells.
AB  - Interaction of staphylococcal protein A (SPA) with human serum depressed the
      ability of such serum to neutralize herpes simpled virus (HSV)-antibody labialis.
      SPA-induced depression of serum-dependent virus neutralization appeared to be due
      to consumption of complement by SPA. In addition, SPA attached to antibody
      treated, HSV-infected cells and inhibited complement mediated immune cytolysis.
      The amount of inhibition obtained depended upon the with the infected cells. The
      possible significance of SPA in the pathogenesis of viral disease complicated by
      secondary staphylococcal infection is discussed.

PMID- 172446
TI  - Fate of human lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase in phagocytizing human neutrophils:
      effects of immunoglobulin G subclasses and immune complexes coated on latex
      beads.
AB  - Human neutrophils (PMN) degranulated in response to soluble human immune
      complexes and to myeloma proteins, including subclasses of immunoglobulin G
      (IgG)1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 coated on 1.09-mum latex beads. Immunochemical
      measurement of lactoferrin (LF) from specific granules and myeloperoxidas (MPO)
      from azurophil granules showed that both classes of granule degranulated. Beads
      with soluble complexes of human anti-pigeon IgG-normal pigeon IgG, prepared from
      serum of a patient with pigeon breeders disease, induced significantly greater
      degranulation than did pigeon IgG-coated beads. Up to 40% of LF in the PMN
      degranulated during phagocytic challenge and 86% of that entered the
      extracellular fluid. Twenty to 30% of the MPO degranulated, but less than 50% of
      that entered the extracellular fluid. The degranulated LF and MPO which remained
      in the PMN were recovered from phagocytic vacuoles. Beads coated with purified
      human myeloma proteins (12 different ones, three of each subclass) induced
      degranulation in the order IgG3 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG2 greater than
      IgG4; however, these differences were found to be a function of the amount of
      latex ingested. Thus, the amount of degranulation was dependent more on the
      opsonizing capacity of the immunoglobulins rather than on their intrinsic
      capacities for inducing degranulation. Degranulation of both LF and MPO in
      response to IgG subclasses followed patterns similar to those caused by soluble
      immune complexes, and IgG3 coated on beads caused degranulation equal to that
      caused by human complex-coated beads. Degranulation to IgG3 and IgG4 was
      uninfluenced by fresh compared with heat-inactivated human AB serum. This was
      true although IgG3 beads fixed greater than sixfold more complement than did IgG4
      beads. Evidently human IgG subclasses enhance phagocytosis and degranulation of
      human PMN. The overwhelmingly extracellular degranulation of LF in response to
      various bead coating suggest that it subserves a major protion of it role outside
      PMN.

PMID- 172448
TI  - Murine cytomegalovirus: induction of and sensitivity to interferon in vitro.
AB  - Moderate amounts of viral inhibitor were produced by mouse embryo (ME) cultures
      infected with two strains of plaque-purified murine cytomegalovirus (MCV). This
      inhibitor was shown to be interferon, based on the possession of similar
      properties. The growth studies of MCV in ME cells showed that interferon was
      produced as early as 4 h after infection, infectious virus was produced between
      12 to 16 h, and cytopathic effect was produced between 16 to 18 h. Since MCV
      induced interferon production and the subsequent development of antiviral state
      occurred early, the long eclipse period may be due to an interferon-mediated
      delay of virus replication. Pretreatment of ME cells with varying concentrations
      of interferon before infection with MCV did not result in increased interferon
      production, but at high pretreatment doses a slight inhibitory effect on
      interferon production was observed. In vitro sensitivity studies showed that
      small doses of MCV were highly sensitive to the antiviral action of interferon,
      but higher viral doses proved to be markedly resistant. Although the available
      evidence does not permit a definitive interpretation of the mechanism by which
      MCV may show differing sensitivities to interferon action, the presence of a
      small interferon-resistant fraction of virus-infected cells may account for the
      observations.

PMID- 172449
TI  - Inhibition of the mitogenic response of normal peripheral lymphocytes by extracts
      or supernatant fluids of a Herpesvirus saimiri lymphoid tumor cell line.
AB  - A Herpesvirus saimiri-infected marmoset lymphoid cell line (MLC-1) was examined
      for the presence of soluble factors which might affect lymphocyte functions and,
      therefore, relate to the pathogenesis of lymphoma in vivo. MLC-1 cells, cell
      extracts, and culture fluids were shown to reduce the spontaneous
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and
      to completely inhibit their response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Suppression of
      PHA response was demonstrated against a variety of human and nonhuman primate
      species, with 90 to 95% inhibition occurring at dilutions of extract as great as
      1:5,120. Inhibition of this type was also demonstrated using extracts of two of
      five other lymphoblastoid cell lines tested. Physical-chemical characteristics of
      the active factor(s) revealed a non-sedimentable, non-dialyzable, trypsin
      resistant molecule, which was stable at 56 C for 30 min but inactivated at 80 C
      for 30 min. The factor(s) also exerted an effect on some but not all established
      lymphoblastoid cell lines, where DNA, ribonucleic acid, and protein synthesis
      were all inhibited, with DNA synthesis being the most affected (95% suppression).
      Cellular respiration was not affected by the presence of the factor(s), and the
      inhibition of DNA synthesis was reversible after 24 h. Purified human interferon
      did not reduce the PHA response of normal owl monkey peripheral blood lymphocytes
      and was less effective against an established lymphoblastoid cell line than the
      MLC-1 extract. Antiviral activity was also demonstrated in the preparations and
      may represent interferon, which these cells are known to produce at low levels.

PMID- 172450
TI  - Effect of pretreatment with Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG) and immune
      syphilitic serum on rabbit resistance to Treponema pallidum.
AB  - Stimulation of the rabbit reticuloendothelial system with viable Mycobacterium
      bovis (strain BCG), and other agents, had no effect on the development of
      syphilitic lesions after intradermal or intravenous inoculation with graded doses
      of Treponema pallidum (virulent Nichol's strain; mean infective doses less than
      10). The simultaneous administration of immune syphilitic rabbit serum retarded
      the development of lesions, but this appeared to be due solely to the immune
      serum, suggesting no synergism between the activated reticuloendothelial system
      and the anti-T. pallidum antibodies. The administration of two doses of BCG
      enhanced syphilitic lesion development in the rabbit.

PMID- 172451
TI  - Effect of cyclophosphamide on the response of chickens to a virulent strain of
      Marek's disease virus.
AB  - The effect of cyclophosphamide on the pathogenesis of Marek's disease was
      examined in a line of chickens which is relatively resistant to Marek's disease.
      The injection of cyclophosphamide into newly hatched chickens delayed and reduced
      viremia and also reduced the development of Marek's disease lesions until 2 weeks
      after exposure to Marek's disease virus. The data indicate that a population of T
      cells susceptible to infection with virus and possibly viral transformation is
      affected by cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 172454
TI  - Histopathological effect of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in the rabbit
      ileum.
AB  - Highly purified enterotoxin from Clostridium perfringens was found to have
      histopathological activity in the rabbit ileum. Unlike the action of cholera,
      Escherichia coli, and Shigella enterotoxins, epithelium was denuded from the tips
      of ileal villi at concentrations of the enterotoxin necessary to induce fluid
      accumulation in the rabbit. Whether or not this observed histopathology is
      essential for the diarrheal syndrome associated with Clostridium perfringens food
      poisoning remains unclear.

PMID- 172455
TI  - Monocyte activation in horses persistently infected with equine infectious anemia
      virus.
AB  - The monocytes of horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus were shown
      by their failure to migrate from capillary tubes and their increased adherence to
      erythrocytes to be activated.

PMID- 172452
TI  - Viral replication and interferon production in fetal and adult ovine leukocytes
      and spleen cells.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocyte and spleen cell cultures derived from adult sheep and
      from third-trimester (107 to 145 days of gestation) and second-trimester (70 to
      98 days of gestation) fetal lambs were examined for their ability to support
      viral replication and to produce interferon. Bluetongue virus, Herpesvirus
      hominis type 2, and Chikungunya virus failed to replicate in either leukocyte or
      spleen cell cultures derived from adult ewes or in cultures from second- or third
      trimester fetal lambs. Similarly, peripheral blood leukocytes from adult sheep or
      third-trimester fetal lambs did not support the replication of Semliki Forest
      virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, or vaccinia virus. No
      major differences were observed in the ability of fetal and adult leukocytes to
      produce interferon in response to viral infection. In contrast, mean interferon
      titers induced by bluetongue virus, H. hominis type 2, and Chikungunya virus in
      spleen cells from second-trimester fetuses were 4- to 10-fold greater than those
      induced in spleen cells from adult ewes. Variations in interferon levels induced
      on separate occasions with cells from the same donor age group were observed. The
      antiviral substance induced in both the fetal and adult cell cultures fulfilled
      the usual criteria for characterization as interferon.

PMID- 172453
TI  - Neuropathological effects of persistent infection of mice by mouse hepatitis
      virus.
AB  - Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV3) can persist for months in strains of mice with
      genetically controlled "semisusceptibility" to this virus. The pathology of the
      chronic neurological disease induced in these animals has been investigated by
      conventional histology and immunofluorescence. A2G mice develop a chronic
      choroidoependymitis and meningitis leading to severe hydrocephalus and
      hydromyelia. In C3H mice a widespread vasculitis was observed, with both viral
      antigens and bound immunoglobulins in vessal walls. No significant
      glomerulonephritis was found. Systemic amyloidosis was present in the spleen,
      liver, and kidneys. The virus was not detected in neural tissues, but brain and
      spinal cord lesions were found near inflammatory areas surrounding damaged
      vessels. It is suggested that viral persistance in ependymal cells is directly
      responsible for the lesions in A2G mice, whereas an immunopathological lesion of
      blood vessels of the central nervous system underlines the damage to mice of the
      C3H strain.

PMID- 172457
TI  - Origin of lymphoid lines established from mixed cultures of cord-blood
      lymphocytes and explants from infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt lymphoma and
      healthy donors.
AB  - Lymphocytes were explanted from EBV-seropositive donors including peripheral
      blood of infectious mononucleosis patients, healthy donors and EBV-genome
      carrying cells from Burkitt lymphoma (BL) biopsies or nude mouse-passaged, BL
      biopsy-derived lines. The explanted cells were mixed with fresh cord-blood
      lymphocytes from mice of the opposite sex. In all categories of derived lines,
      cord-blood cell progeny was predominant, as judged by the sex marker and other
      associated markers. Only one BL biopsy line, serially passaged in nude mice, gave
      rise to a monoclonal lymphoma line.

PMID- 172456
TI  - Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. V. Biological differences between the M variant
      and other strains of encephalomyocarditis virus.
AB  - The M variant of encephalomyocarditis virus is very closely related serologically
      to five other strains of encephalomyocarditis virus. Despite the serological
      relationship, these five viruses differ markedly from the M variant in their
      tissue tropisms and only the M variant infects beta cells of the pancreas,
      producing diabetes.

PMID- 172458
TI  - Sensitive method to detect non-complement-fixing antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus
      nuclear antigne.
AB  - The anti-complement immunofluorescence (ACIF) test was modified to detect non
      complement-fixing antibodies to Epstein-Barr (EB) virus nuclear antigen (IBNA).
      These EBNA antibodies belong to the immunoglobulin classes IgA and IgG. In our
      method anti-human gamma-globulin (AHG) was bound to the EBNA antibodies before
      the complement was added. If only non-complement-fixing antibodies are present
      the complement can be fixed to the AHG. Within only a few weeks of the onset of
      infectious mononucleosis (IM) the non-complement-fixing EBNA antibodies reach
      high titers while the complement-fixing antibodies (detected by the ACIF test)
      are not yet present. Anti-EBNA-IgM antibodies were not found in the IgM fractions
      of sera taken at different stages of IM.

PMID- 172459
TI  - Some electrical properties of the peripheries of murine 3T3 cells with respect to
      viral transformation and reversion.
AB  - Mouse 3T3, Simian virus 40 transformed 3T3 cells (SV3T3) and two SV3T3 lines
      showing reversion of their transformed phenotype (Rev 3 and Rev 5) have been
      studied with respect to electrophoretic mobilities and colloidal iron hydroxide
      (CIH) binding density visible by electron microscopy, before and after incubation
      with neuraminidase or ribonuclease. The results show that, in general, the marked
      changes in both sets of surface parameters associated with transformation are
      largely reversed in the Rev 5 revertant, and only partially reversed in the Rev 3
      line. It was also observed that, in common with Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells
      examined previously, the densities of CIH-particles bound over the microvilli of
      all the cell types was 1.5 to 2.7 times higher than those bound to the spaces
      between them. In contrast to the EAT cells, the higher density of CIH particles
      bound over the microvilli was not due to neuraminidase-sensitive binding sites.

PMID- 172460
TI  - Studies of genetic transmission of mammary tumour virus by C3Hf mice.
AB  - By radioimmunoassay (RIA) mammary tumour virus (MTV) antigens were detected in
      individual milk samples of C3Hf mice, (female BALB/c X male C3Hf)F1 mice and
      (female C3Hf X male BALB/c)F1 mice; milk samples of BALB/c mice were negative. In
      the segregating backcross I population, female BALB/c X male (female BALB/c X
      male C3Hf) viral antigens were found in the milk of 93 out of 169 mice (55%). In
      the Bc II population (daughters of Bc I mothers and BALB/c fathers) two groups
      were distinguished. In the first group, derived from positive Bc I mothers, 55
      out of 110 mice (50%) had detectable levels of viral antigens in the milk. In the
      second group, progeny of negative Bc I mothers, 1 mouse out of 47 was positive.
      These data are consistent with the assumption that one dominant gene is
      responsible for the presence of viral antigens in the milk of C3Hf mice. This
      gene (Mtv-1) seems to be linked with the albino locus situated on chromosome 7;
      the recombination percentage was about 29. In the first experiment with Bc I mice
      a significant difference was found between the tumour ages of the mice with virus
      positive milk and of the mice with virus-negative milk: all mice (18) with viral
      antigens in the milk developed mammary tumours at an age ranging from 7 to 18
      months, whereas in only 7 out of 16 mice with virus-negative milk were mammary
      tumours found before the age of 21 months. Viral antigens were detectable (by
      RIA) in the tumours of mice of both subgroups; however, the amounts (mU/mg
      tumour) were significantly lower in the tumours derived from mice with virus
      negative milk. Although MTV-L of C3Hf mothers could be transmitted to BALB/c mice
      by foster-nursing, viral antigens could not be detected in milk samples collected
      prior to the third lactation period; thus an influence on the data of
      extrachromosomally transmitted MTV-L is unlikely.

PMID- 172461
TI  - Detection of virus-specific DNA and RNA base-sequences in individual cells
      transformed or infected by adenovirus type 2.
AB  - By means of 3H thymidine-labelled adenovirus 2 DNA, adenovirus-specific DNA
      sequences have been localized in individual nuclei of adenovirus 2- or 12
      infected cells, and adenovirus-specific RNA sequences have been detected in the
      permissive cells as well as in cells transformed by adenovirus type 2. The
      ability to detect such specific virus RNA base-sequences in particular, by in
      situ hybridization, should be useful in studying the transcriptional
      specificities of tumours and neoplasms.

PMID- 172462
TI  - Radical formation in salts of pyrimidines. I. 1-methyluracil. HBr crystals.
AB  - Radicals produced by X-irradiation at 77 K of 1-methyluracil. HBr crystals have
      been analysed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The results are compared
      with those obtained on 1-methyluracil crystals. Four radicals have been
      identified, two of which are present only in 1-methyluracil. HBr crystals: the C6
      addition radical and the pyrimidine--anion radical. Warming-up experiments have
      been performed in order to study the secondary radical reactions. The different
      mechanisms proposed for the radiolysis of DNA constituents in the solid state are
      discussed in connection with these findings.

PMID- 172463
TI  - E.s.r. studies of sulphur-substituted pyrimidines. 2-thio-5-carboxyuracil at 77
      K.
AB  - Single crystals of 2-thio-5-carboxyuracil were irradiated and studied at 77 K
      with e.s.r. spectroscopy. Five resonances were observed and related to the
      sulphur atom in the 2 position of the pyrimidine ring. Three of the resonances
      have been assigned to three conformations of a radical formed by hydrogen
      abstraction from N1. The principal values for the nitrogen coupling are 9-7, 0-0
      and 0-0 gauss. The g tensor principal values are 2-173, 1-997 and 1-990 for the
      dominant conformation of this radical. Two other radicals could not be identified
      unambiguously.

PMID- 172464
TI  - Ionic base radicals in gamma-irradiated oriented non-deuterated and fully
      deuterated DNA.
AB  - The free radicals induced by gamma-irradiation at 77 K in non-deuterated and
      fully deuterated oriented samples of moist algal DNA have been studied by
      electron paramagnetic resonance (e.p.r.). The e.p.r. spectra from the non
      deuterated sample were found to be similar to those from calf-thymus DNA studied
      previously. Numerical spectra simulations were performed based on the previously
      proposed interpretation of the DNA spectra at 77 K in terms of a mixture of two
      spectral components arising from anionic and cationic base radicals (probably on
      thymine and guanine, respectively). The simulations were found to account
      satisfactorily for the main characteristics of the e.p.r. spectra from both the
      non-deuterated and the fully deuterated algal DNA sample.

PMID- 172465
TI  - Consultation with the filipino boarding home: an after-care facility in Hawaii.
AB  - This report describes a unique Hawaiian after-care facility the Filipino operated
      boarding home, and the approaches useful in consultation with the operators. The
      majority of the boarding homes for psychiatric patients are operated by recent
      Filipino immigrants. This fact is explained by their current social position and
      also by cultural values--such as aiding others and an extended family system-
      which are present in the Philippines. In consultation with seventeen such
      boarding home operators, cultural beliefs and values played a great part in their
      approach to patients. These approaches created special problems and assets in
      their management of patients from other ethnic groups such as Japanese, Caucasian
      and Hawaiian. A problem-oriented approach to consultation proved useful initially
      and set the stage for other forms of intervention. This included allowing the
      operator to ventilate her feelings about the patient; bridging the communication
      gap between operators and patients; dissipating the operators' stereotypic
      perception of patients; and educating the operators about mental illness. Our
      impressions and indirect evidence indicated that Filipino boarding home operators
      perform a useful service and, with consultation sensitive to their values, can
      become even more effective.

PMID- 172466
TI  - Cyclic changes in the fine structure of the epithelial cells of human
      endometrium.

PMID- 172467
TI  - Membrane transport of purine and pyrimidine bases and nucleosides in animal
      cells.

PMID- 172468
TI  - An analysis of factors which influence the local accumulation of bone-seeking
      radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - A thoretical consideration of the factors which influence the accumulation of
      radiopharmaceuticals in bone is presented. The avidity with which 99mTc-Sn
      pyrophosphate and 18F fluoride are adsorbed by bone crystals has been measured in
      vitro and the efficiency with which these radiopharmaceuticals are extracted by
      normal bone has been measured in vivo. It is postulated that alterations in the
      capillary permeability in the region of a bone lesion greatly influence the
      target to background ratio that can be obtained with bone seeking
      radiopharmaceuticals. Quantitiated gamma camera studies in man are presented in
      support of this hypothesis.

PMID- 172469
TI  - DNA replication in SV40-infected cells. XI. The properties of SV40 DNA and
      nucleoprotein complex synthesized in the presence of cycloheximide.
AB  - Cycloheximide inhibits simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA synthesis in productively
      infected African green monkey kidney cells. The residual viral DNA synthesized in
      the presence of this drug is deficient in superhelical turns as measured by band
      sedimentation in the presence of several concentrations of ethidium bromide. The
      superhelical density of SV40 DNA synthesized in the presence of cycloheximide is
      about one half that of viral DNA produced in the absence of this drug.
      Ribonuclease H and alkali treatment were employed to determine if ribonucleotides
      could be detected in closed circular SV40 DNA synthesized in the presence of
      cycloheximide. While both these approaches detected ribonucleotides in
      mitochondrial DNA, no identification of ribonucleotides in SV40 DNA synthesized
      in the presence of cycloheximide was found. The SV40 nucleoprotein complex
      synthesized in the presence of cycloheximide has a slower sedimentation rate
      (35S) and a higher bouyant density (1.54 g/cm3) than the complex made in the
      absence of this drug (50S; 1.47 g/cm3). The protein:DNA ratio of the SV40
      nucleoprotein complex is normally about 0.9. This ratio is reduced to about 0.6
      when the complex is synthesized in the presence of cycloheximide.

PMID- 172470
TI  - Cyclic appearance of defective interfering particles of herpes simplex virus and
      the concomitant accumulation of early polypeptide VP175.
AB  - Serial passage of undiluted herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 resulted in cyclic
      production of infectious and defective virions. Defective virus production was
      characterized by the appearance of a new species of viral DNA with a higher
      bouyant density in CsCl than standard viral DNA. Measurement of the infectivity
      titer and DNA synthesis revealed that the defective particles interfered with the
      replication of standard virions and stimulated the overproduction of a large
      molecular weight (175,000 daltons) polypeptide.

PMID- 172471
TI  - Characteristics of infection by RSV. III. Duration of the latent period in
      unsynchronized chick embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - The duration of the latent period of RSV was studied in unsynchronized chicken
      cells using two methods. First, RAV1-producing cells were infected with Schmidt
      Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SR-RSV;subgroup D), and new virions of SR
      RSV (subgroup A) produced after phenotypic mixing with RAV1 were neutralized with
      an antiserum to RAV1. Secondly, uninfected chicken cells were infected with SR
      RSV (D) in the presence of either arabionsylcytosine, actinomycin D or
      cycloheximide, to inhibit the virus production. In both methods, the early
      decrease of the virus titer showed that new virions were produced as early as 45
      min after the beginning of the infection. Earlier times were not explored.

PMID- 172473
TI  - Spontaneous interferon production and Epstein-barr virus antigen expression in
      two human lymphoid cell lines and their somatic cell hybrids.
AB  - Two human lymphoid cell lines, Raji and Namalwa, and seven somatic cell hybrids
      between these two cells were tested for spontaneous interferon production.
      Namalwa and three of the hybrids produce interferon while the four other hybrids,
      like Raji, do not. Though the Namalwa line is relatively resistant to
      superinfection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), all hybrids are as susceptible
      to EBV as the Raji parent. High extracellular concentrations of interferon
      likewise had little effect on EBV superinfection of Raji or the hybrid cells and
      it is possible that Raji produces some factor that antagonizes the action of
      interferon to allow virus expression.

PMID- 172472
TI  - Polypeptide and RNA composition of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.
AB  - The RNA and polypeptide composition of chick syncytial virus (CSV) and duck
      infectious anemia virus (DIAV) was investigated and compared to that of
      reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) strain T, the prototype of the newly recognized
      REV group of viruses. CSV and DIAV contain genomic RNA species which cosediment
      with those of REV in sucrose gradients. Five or six polypeptides, two of which
      are glycoproteins, were consistently found in CSV and DIAV preparations. The
      major nonglycosylated polypeptides and glycoproteins of CSV and DIAV comigrated
      with the corresponding polypeptides of REV strain T. Since the genomic RNA
      species and the glycoproteins of avian tumor viruses fail to comigrate, this
      suggests that the REV complex is a more homogeneous group.

PMID- 172474
TI  - Influence of certain immunodepressants on experimental flavivirus and enterovirus
      infections in mice.
AB  - The effects of cyclophosphamide and 1,3-(piperidinomethyl)-5-phenyl-5
      ethylbarbituric acid on certain flavi- and enterovirus infections in mice were
      studied. Differential enhancement of mortality rates after extraneural and, less
      markedly, intracerebral virus inoculation was noted. While depression of humoral
      and/or cell-mediated immunity is considered to be responsible for the effects
      observed in flavivirus infections, impaired function of the reticuloendothelial
      system seems to contribute mainly to the potentiation of Mengo virus infection by
      the immunodepressants used.

PMID- 172475
TI  - Plutonium and other actinide elements in gonadal tissue of man and animals.

PMID- 172476
TI  - Preparation and thermoluminescent characteristics of terbium doped magnesium
      orthosilicate phosphor.

PMID- 172477
TI  - Natural therapeutics. When the doctors fail?

PMID- 172478
TI  - Observations on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in clinical practice.
AB  - Holter monitoring is a practical technique for determining rate, rhythm, contour,
      and conduction changes in the electrocardiogram of the ambulatory patient. This
      kind of information may be of great clinical importance in coronary artery
      disease with or without myocardial infarction, in patients with permanent
      pacemakers, in the presence of central nervous system symptoms, and perhaps in
      patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Correlating ambulatory
      electrocardiographic findings in patients with these diseases and syndromes
      provides insight into the severity of the process involved. It may also define
      the response to therapy and to specific social and work situations. Present
      instrumentation, although reasonably effective, may be considered in an early
      developmental stage. Future progress in terms of miniaturization, automatic
      patient warning systems, and activation of central recording units, may further
      broaden the implications for ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. The
      scope of these observations and the variety of unsuspected rhythm and contour
      abnormalities defined may ultimately rival the information gained in monitored
      hospitalized patients. It is hoped that this information will have an impact on
      the therapy of the ambulatory patient comparable to that which coronary-care unit
      monitoring has had on the hospitalized patient with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 172479
TI  - [Specific covalent attachment of adrenocorticotropin and angiotensin II
      derivatives to polymeric matrices for use in affinity chromatography (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 172480
TI  - [Hormone-receptor interactions. Syntheses of alpha-melanotropin and of
      informational sequences thereof with the aid of alcali-labile protecting groups
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 172483
TI  - Scanning isoelectric focusing and isotachophoresis of Clostridium perfringens
      type A enterotoxin.

PMID- 172482
TI  - Septamycin, a polyether antibiotic. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and
      characterization.
AB  - Septamycin is a metal complexing polyether antibiotic produced by a strain of
      Streptomyces hygroscopicus NRRL 5678. The metabolite, a monocarboxylic acid, was
      isolated as the sodium salt C48H81NaO16. The crystal structure and absolute
      configuration were established by X-ray analysis of the p-bromophenacyl
      derivative. Septamycin has a thirty-carbon backbone and contains seven
      heterocyclic rings. Supported by direct comparison septamycin proved to be
      identical with antibiotic A28695 A isolated from Streptomyces albus NRRL 3883.
      The metabolite is active against gram-positive bacteria and Eimeria tenella
      (chicken coccidiosis).

PMID- 172481
TI  - Tracer and freeze-etching analysis of intra-cellular membrane-junctions in
      Paramecium with a note on a new heme-nonapeptide tracer.
AB  - In paramecia the membranes of alveoli and trichocysts are permanently connected
      to the cell membrane by membrane-junctions, which consist of membrane
      intercalated particles in a regular geometrical arrangement. Trichocysts contain
      secretory material discharged by exocytosis. In unfixed or fixed cells these two
      compartments were impermeable to the following tracers: To "microperoxidases",
      i.e. a cytochrome c-derived heme-nonapeptide and a heme-undecapeptide (WM
      approximately 1650, 1900) applied in vivo, as well as to lanthanum and cytochrome
      c used during (La) or after (cytochrome c) fixation. The heme-nonapeptide was
      prepared by TPCK trypsin digestion of cytochrome c and subsequent purification by
      Sephadex gel chromatography--a simple and inexpensive new procedure resulting in
      preparations of high yield and purity. Tracers entered alveoli only when the
      plasmalemma and the alveolar membranes ruptured upon glutardialdehyde fixation.
      In no case were transmembraneous channels detectable in regions containing
      membrane-intercalated particles; this holds true for all tracers used and for
      freeze-fracture replicas obtained by tantalum-tungsten evaporation. With regard
      to attachment sites over trichocysts our results do not support the assumptions
      by others according to which exocytosis would be driven by an osmotic shift via
      transmembraneous channels (which would be analogous to inter-cellular coupling
      phenomena mediated by gap-junctions), unless such channels would be assumed to
      operate as carriers rather than via diffusion. Tracers did not penetrate
      trichocysts before exocytosis occurred. The functional role of membrane
      intercalated particles on trichocyst attachments remains unclear. Despite some
      resemblance with gap-junctions all types of intra-cellular membrane-junctions
      investigated are functionally "tight" at the level of "resolution" obtained with
      tantalumtungsten-shadowing and with the tracers used.

PMID- 172484
TI  - Familial hyperlipoproteinemia in a South Indian family.

PMID- 172485
TI  - Xanthomatosis and aortic stenosis (case report).

PMID- 172486
TI  - Brevibacterium liquefaciens adenylate cyclase and its in vivo stimulation by
      pyruvate.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase of Brevibacterium liquefaciens depends on pyruvate for
      activity. Growing in a simple medium containing glucose and DL-alanine, the
      microorganism excreted pyruvate, which reached 20 mM in the medium at stationary
      phase. Using [3H]adenosine to label the adenosine 5'-triphosphate pool, we showed
      that pyruvate in the medium stimulated adenylate cyclase of B. liquefaciens in
      vivo, in a manner similar to the stimulation observed in vitro. Adenylate cyclase
      in cells harvested at different phases of growth was equally responsive to
      exogenous pyruvate, indicating that the allosteric site for pyruvate was present
      in the enzyme throughout the various phases of cell growth. The specific activity
      of adenylate cyclase was highest in cells harvested at early log phase;
      thereafter it declined and was substantially lower at stationary phase. Although
      adenylate cyclase appears to be activated by pyruvate throughout the life span of
      the cell, the activity appears not to be critical to cell growth, which was
      comparable whether the medium contained high or low pyruvate.

PMID- 172487
TI  - Operator-constitutive mutants in the threonine operon of Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Three Escherichia coli K-12 mutant strains resistant to DL-alpha-amino-beta
      hydroxyvaleric acid were isolated in which the expression of the thr operon is
      constitutive. The localization and dominance properties of the mutations
      involved, called thrO, are those of operator mutations. The gene sequence is OABC
      as suggested by earlier studies.

PMID- 172489
TI  - Multiple regulatory events in the development of competence for genetic
      transformation in Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate derepresses enzyme synthesis but does not
      yield high levels of transformability or detectable levels of competence-related
      envelope polypeptides. Additional regulatory events must trigger complete
      expression of competence.

PMID- 172490
TI  - Competitive inhibition of transformation in group H Streptococcus strain Challis
      by heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - Glucosylated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from phages T4 and T6 competes poorly
      with homologous DNA causing only a slight decrease of transformation in Group H
      Streptococcus strain Challis. Other types of heterologous DNAs (Micrococcus
      luteus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, calf thymus and non
      glucosylated phage T6 DNA), in contrast to glucosylated T4 and T6 DNAs, compete
      with transforming DNA to the normal, high extent. These results indicate that as
      in transformation of Bacillus subtilis, the presence of glucose attached to 5
      hydroxymethylcytosine in phage T6 DNA considerably decreases the interaction of
      such DNA with competent cells of the Challis strain. It also indicates that the
      guanine plus cytosine content of DNA is not decisive in determining its
      interaction with competent cells.

PMID- 172488
TI  - Electron-transferring flavoprotein of Peptostreptococcus elsdenii that functions
      in the reduction of acrylyl-coenzyme A.
AB  - In Peptostreptococcus elsdenii, a three-component flavoprotein electron transfer
      system catalyzes the oxidation of lactate and the reduction of crotonyl-coenzyme
      A (CoA). Spectral evidence showed that D-lactate dehydrogenase, when reduced by D
      lactate, was able to reduce butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, but only in the presence
      of the electron-transferring flavoprotein. Reduced nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide could replace reduced D-lactate dehydrogenase. A reconstituted
      system, containing the three partially purified enzymes, excess D-lactate, and a
      limiting amount of crotonyl-CoA, reduced the crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA, but
      only if all components were present. The electron-transferring flavoprotein
      activity, purified 22-fold, was separated into two major flavoprotein components,
      A and B, after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Elution of the proteins and
      subsequent kinetic assays of the eluates showed that component B catalyzes the
      reduction of butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase by reduced D-lactate dehydrogenase,
      whereas component A does not. Both A and B catalyzed the reduction of butyryl-CoA
      dehydrogenase by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The results suggest
      that the D-lactate dehydrogenase-dependent reduction involves a heretofore
      unrecognized component of the electron-transferring protein group which may
      utilize an unusual flavin, 6-hydroxy-7,8-dimethyl-10-(ribityl-5'-adenosine
      diphosphate)-isoalloxazine.

PMID- 172491
TI  - Purification and some properties of cytochrome c-552 from a sulfur-oxidizing
      bacterium, Thiobacillus thiooxidans.
AB  - A soluble cytochrome c-552 from Thiobacillus thiooxidans was highly purified and
      its physico-chemical properteis were studied. The absorption maxima were at
      552,523,418 nm in the reduced from and at 412 nm in the oxidized form. The
      pyridine hemochrome spectrum was the same as that of other cytochromes c. The
      molecular weight, estimated by the gel filtration method, was found to be 12,600.
      The isoelectric point was determined to be 9.2-9.3 by the electrofocusing
      technique. The standard oxidation-reduction potential of this cytochrome was
      +0.247 V.

PMID- 172492
TI  - Purification of homogeneous glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase
      from ascites hepatoma cells as a complex with aspartate transcarbamylase and
      dihydroorotase.
AB  - Glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase [EC 2.7.2.9] was purified 1,300
      fold from rat ascites hepatoma cells (AH 13) as a multienzyme complex with
      aspartate transcarbamylase[EC 2.1.3.2] and dihydroorotase[EC 3.5.2.3], using
      dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, and dithiothreitol as stabilizers. The purified
      complex was essentially homogeneous on agarose-acrylamide composite gel
      electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. Its molecular weight was
      estimated to be about 870,000 by sedimentation equilibrium studies. After
      alkylation with iodoacetamide or reduction with 0.6% dithiothreitol at 100
      degrees, the complex gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in
      sodium dodecyl sulfate in a position corresponding to a molecular weight of
      210,000. These results indicate that the complex consists of four subunits of
      similar size.

PMID- 172493
TI  - Role of ubiquinone-10 in electron transport system of chromatophores from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - The role of ubiquinone-10 in the activities for the reduction of free cytochrome
      c2 and bound cytochrome cc' by succinate was studied with chromatophores from a
      blue-green mutant (G-9) of Rhodospirillum rubrum. 1. By a single extraction with
      isooctane, approximately 90% of ubiquinone-10 was easily removed from the
      chromatophores. In the extracted chromatophores, the activity for succinate
      cytochrome c2 reduction decreased to 5-10% of the original activity. This
      depressed activity was mostly restored by adding ubiquinone-10. The remaining
      quinone was hardly extractable, even by repeated extractions. With repeatedly
      extracted chromatophores, the activity for succinate-cytochrome c2 reduction was
      mostly restored to the same extent as with once-extracted chromatophores, whereas
      the extent of inhibtion of the activity by antimycin A gradually fell. 2. In
      isooctane-extracted chromatophores, the activity for the reduction of bound
      cytochrome cc' by succinate under anaerobic conditions decreased to 35 to 95% of
      the original level. With chromatophores in which the remaining activity was as
      low as 40% of the original level, the activity was partially restored by adding
      ubiquinone-10, but this was not the case with chromatophores in which the
      remaining activity was higher than approximately 50% of the original level.

PMID- 172494
TI  - Characterization of two soluble ferredoxins as distinct from bound iron-sulfur
      proteins in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - In an earlier investigation (Shanmugam, K. T., Buchanan, B. B., and Arnon, D. I.
      (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 256, 477-486) the extraction of ferredoxin from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum cells with the aid of a detergent (Triton X-100) and
      acetone revealed the existence of two types of ferredoxin (I and II) and led to
      the conclusion that both are membrane-bound. In the present investigation,
      ferredoxin and acid-labile sulfur analyses of photosynthetic membranes
      (chromatophores) and soluble protein extracts of the photosynthetic bacteria R.
      rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas spheroides showed that ferredoxins I and II are
      primarily components of the soluble protein fraction. After their removal, washed
      R. rubrum chromatophores were found to contain a considerable amount of tightly
      bound iron-sulfur protein(s), as evidenced by acid-labile sulfur and electron
      paramagnetic resonance analyses. Thus, like all other photosynthetic cells
      examined to date, R. rubrum cells contain both soluble ferredoxins and iron
      sulfur proteins tightly bound to photosynthetic membranes. The molecular weights
      of ferredoxins I and II from photosynthetically grown R. rubrum cells were found
      to be 8,800 and 14,500, respectively. Using these molecular weights, the molar
      extinction coefficients at 390 nm for ferredoxins I and II were determined to be
      30.3 and 17.2 mM-1 CM-1, respectively. Ferredoxin I contains 8 non-heme iron and
      8 acid-labile sulfur atoms per molecule; ferredoxin II contains 4 non-heme iron
      and 4 acid-labile sulfur atoms per molecule. Ferredoxin I was found only in
      photosynthetically grown cells whereas ferredoxin II was present in both light-
      and dark-grown cells. Ferredoxin II from both light- and dark-grown cells has the
      same molecular weight (14,500) and absorption spectrum and has 4 iron and 4 acid
      labile sulfur atoms per molecule. Low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance
      spectra of oxidized and photoreduced ferredoxins I and II from R. rubrum were
      recorded. The EPR spectrum of oxidized ferredoxin II exhibited a single resonance
      line at g = 2.012. Oxidized ferredoxin I, however, exhibited a spectrum that may
      arise from the superimposition of two resonance lines near g = 2.012.
      Photoreduced ferredoxin II displayed a rhombic EPR spectrum with a g value of
      1.94. Photoreduced ferredoxin I exhibited a similar EPR spectrum at a temperature
      of 16 K, but when the temperature was lowered to 4.5 K the spectrum of ferredoxin
      I changed. This temperature-dependent spectrum may result from a weak spin-spin
      interaction between two iron-sulfur clusters. These results are consistent with
      the conclusion that R. rubrum ferredoxins I and II are, respectively, 8 iron/8
      sulfur and 4 iron/4sulfur proteins.

PMID- 172495
TI  - Function of sulfhydryl groups in ribosome-elongation factor G reactions.
      Assignment of guanine nucleotide binding site to elongation factor G.
AB  - Titration of elongation factor G (EF-G) with the thiol reagents 5,5'-dithiobis(2
      nitrobenzoate) (DNTB), p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (HMB), and N-ethylmaleimide and
      analysis of cysteic acid after performic acid oxidation revealed a total of four
      sulfhydryl groups per EF-G molecule. One of these is exposed in the native state
      and could be used to distinguish between two different conformations of EF-G in
      our preparations according to its rate of reaction with DTNB and HMB. No evidence
      for disulfide bridges was obtained. Among the different nucleotides tested, GTP,
      GDP, and GMP were able to protect the native sulfhydryl group against reaction
      with DTNB in the absence of ribosomes. Their Kd values with the faster reacting
      EF-G were 3.4 x 10(-4) M, 0.3 X 10(-4)M, and 2.0 x 10(-4) M, respectively.
      Because of the specificity of protection by guanine nucleotides and the
      correspondence of the Kd values with Ki values for GDP and GMP in the ribosome-EF
      G GTPase reaction, their binding site on EF-G should be closely related to the
      active center for ribosome-dependent GTP hydrolysis. Blockage of the native
      sulfhydryl group of EF-G with a variety of irreversible thiol reagents reduced
      its activity from one to two-thirds in ribosome-dependent complex formation, GTP
      hydrolysis, and poly(U)-directed poly(phenylalanine) synthesis. A test of the N
      ethylmaleimide-treated EF-G showed both the Km and Vmax of the GTPase reaction to
      be affected. Thus, the native sulfhydryl group, although important, appears not
      to be located in the GTPase active center. Denaturation of EF-G with guanidine
      HCl and random blockage of any of the three masked sulfhydryl groups caused
      inactivation, likely due to steric interference with proper chain folding upon
      renaturation. Treatment of ribosomes or ribosomal subunits with six different
      thiol reagents at a concentration of 0.27 mM had little or no effect on the
      ribosome-EF-G GTPase, except for the case with HMB which inactivated the 30 S
      subunit. An interaction of EF-G with the 30 S subunit in addition to that known
      to occur with the 50 S subunit is suggested by a rapid and preferential exchange
      of HMB from the native sulfhydryl group of EF-G to the 30 S subunit of 70 S
      ribosomes.

PMID- 172496
TI  - Structural requirements for the interaction of 1 alpha, 25-(OH) 2- vitiamin D3
      with its chick interestinal receptor system.
AB  - The mechanism by which 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha,25-(OH)2D3),
      the biologically active metabolite of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), stimulates
      intestinal calcium absorption has been shown to involve an interaction of the
      steroid with a specific cytosol-chromatin receptor system in this target organ.
      Thus, 1alpha,12(OH)2D3 binds to a specific cytoplasmic receptor protein and then,
      following a temperature-dependent step, becomes associated with a finite number
      of chromatin acceptor sites prior to the initiation of the physiological
      response. In this respect, 1alpha,25(OH) 2D3 is similar to a number of other
      steroid hormones. In this investigation, studies were performed to help define
      the essential structural features required for interaction of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3
      with its intestinal receptor system, and presumably, for biological activity. To
      this end, competition studies utilizing a series of closely related structural
      analogs of cholecalciferol were carried out by means of a competitive binding
      assay highly specific for 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. The competitive binding assay
      employed in this study is dependent upon the ability to duplicate, in vitro, the
      conditions which permit the saturable binding of 1alpha,25-(OH)2[3H]D3 to chick
      intestinal chromatin, in vivo. Optimal conditions for this assay were achieved by
      the incubation of a reconstituted intestinal receptor system consisting of
      separately isolated cytosol and Triton X-100 chromatin fractions at 25 degrees
      for 45 min with 2.0 X 10-8 M 1alpha,25-(OH)2[3H]D3. Maximal binding of about 21
      to 24 pmol of radioactive steroid bound per chick intestinal chromatin occurred
      under these conditions. The ability of the various analogs to compete with the
      radioactive hormone was assessed by virtue of a decrease in the amount of
      radioactive steroid bound to the chromatin in the presence of increasing
      concentrations of nonradioactive analog.

PMID- 172498
TI  - Avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase. Kinetic studies on the incorporation
      of noncomplementary nucleotides.
AB  - The high error rate characteristic of DNA polymerases from RNA tumor viruses has
      permitted measurements on the simultaneous incorporation of complementary and
      noncomplementary nucleotides during DNA synthesis. For example, avian
      myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase incorporates 1 molecule of dCMP for
      approximately 500 molecules of dTMP polymerized using polyriboadenylic acid as a
      template. The parallel incorporation of complementary and noncomplementary
      nucleotides afer gel filtration of avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase
      indicates that the observed fidelity is catalyzed by the polymerase itself.
      Nearest neighbor analysis of the product indicates that noncomplementary
      nucleotides are incorporated as single base substitutions. The incorporation of
      the noncomplementary dCMP is not reduced by a 20-fold greater amount of the
      complementary nucleotide, dTTP. Conversely, the concentration of the
      noncomplementary nucleotides does not effect the rate of incorporation of the
      complementary nucleotide. A similar lack of competition between complementary
      dGTP and noncomplementary dATP is exhibited using poly(rC)-oligo(dG) as a
      template-primer. Furthermore, there was no detectable competition between the
      different noncomplementary nucleotides. Possible explanations for this lack of
      competition are considered.

PMID- 172497
TI  - Binding and degradation of 125I-insulin by rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The binding and the velocity of degradation of 125I-insulin in the absence or
      presence of varying concentrations of native procline insulin were studied using
      isolated rat hepatocytes. At insulin concentrations ranging from 5 X 10(-11) to
      10(-6) M, insulin degradation velocity showed a first order dependence on the
      total concentration of insulin bound at steady state. The overall reaction had an
      apparent rate constant of 0.030 +/- 0.011 min-1. Furthermore, the degradation of
      a given amount of 125I-insulin bound to cells was more rapid and extensive than
      the degradation of the same amount of insulin which had been newly exposed to
      fresh cells. Mid pretreatment of isolated hepatocytes with trypsin or
      chymotrypsin at concentrations of 5 to 20 mug/ml depressed to the same degree the
      amount of 125-I-insulin bound at steady state and the 125I-insulin degradation
      velocity. Peptide or protein hormones unrelated to insulin, including the
      oxidized A and B chains of insulin, failed to depress the amount of insulin bound
      or the velocity of insulin degradation when present at concentrations of 10-5  or
      10-6 M. Over a wide range of concentrations, various synthetic insulin analogues
      and naturally occurring insulins depressed to the same degree the amount of 125I
      insulin bound at steady state and the 125I-insulin degradation velocity. These
      observations suggest that insulin bound to hepatocyte plasma membranes is the
      substrate for insulin degradation by the liver.

PMID- 172499
TI  - Amino acid sequence of cytochrome c' from the purple photosynthetic bacterium
      Rhodospirillum rubrum S1.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of cytochrome c' from the purple photosynthetic bacterium
      Rhodospirillum rubrum S1 has been determined and is consistent with homology to
      cytochrome c' from the nonphotosynthetic bacterium Alcaligenes sp. NCIB 11015.
      There is 29% identity in the chosen  alignment of these two proteins. R. rubrum
      cytochrome c' is composed of a single peptide chain of 126 amino acid residues
      with a single heme covalently bound near the COOH terminus. There is no sequence
      similarity to mitochondrial cytochrome c, except at the heme binding site.

PMID- 172500
TI  - Effect of serum on phenylalanine hydroxylase levels in cultured hepatoma cells.
AB  - Continued high levels of phenylalanine hydroxylase in cultured H4-II-E-C3 rat
      hepatoma cells require either serum or glucocorticoids in the culture medium.
      Upon withdrawal of serum, cellular phenylalanine hydroxylase levels decay
      exponentially with a half-life of 22 hours for about 60 hours, after which time a
      low, constant enzyme content persists for at least 96 hours. This decline of
      phenylalanine hydroxylase is fully reversible; normal enzyme levels are restored
      in a time- and dosage-dependent fashion upon addition of serum  to basal
      cultures. The serum factor is nondialyzable and moderately heat-stable. The
      stimulation by serum of the phenylalanine hydroxylas content of basal cultures is
      blocked by 3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide and
      requires ongoing cellular protein synthesis. When added to the enzyme-assay
      mixture in vitro, serum does not alter the phenylalanine hydroxylase activity of
      extracts from basal cultures. Three lines of evidence suggest that serum contains
      a nonsteroidal phenylalanine hydroxylase stimulatory components(s): (a)
      glucocorticoid antagonists inhibit less than one-half of the biological activity
      of serum; (b) exhaustive extraction of endogenous serum glucocorticoids with
      charcoal reduces the activity of serum to about one-half of control values; and
      (c) the stimulatory effects of charcoal reduces the values; and (c) the
      stimulatory effects of charcoal-extracted serum and hydrocortisone are additive.
      The phenylalanine hydroxylase stimulatory activities of the charcoal-extracted
      sera from four mammalian species and from three stages in development in one
      mammalian species are comparable. A survey of partially purified preparations of
      a number of known hormones failed to reveal any one capable of elevating the
      phenylalanine hydroxylas levels of basal cultures in a manner comparable to that
      of charcoal-extracted serum.

PMID- 172501
TI  - Role of lysosomal acid lipase in the metabolism of plasma low density
      lipoprotein. Observations in cultured fibroblasts from a patient with cholesteryl
      ester storage disease.
AB  - The hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters contained in plasma low density lipoprotein
      was reduced in cultured fibroblasts derived from a patient with cholesteryl ester
      storage disease, an inborn error of metabolism in which lysosomal acid lipase
      activity is deficient. While these mutant cells showed a normal ability to bind
      low density lipoprotein at its high affinity cell surface receptor site, to take
      up the bound lipoprotein through endocytosis, and to hydrolyze the protein
      component of the lipoprotein in lysosomes, their defective lysosomal hydrolysis
      of the cholesteryl ester component of the lipoprotein led to the accumulation
      within the cell of unhydrolyzed cholesteryl esters, the fatty acid distribution
      of which resembled that of plasma lipoprotein. When the cholesteryl ester storage
      disease cells were incubated with low density lipoprotein, the reduced rate of
      liberation of free cholesterol by these mutant cells was associated with a delay
      in the occurrence of two lipoprotein-mediated regulatory events, suppression of 3
      hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity, and activation of
      endogenous cholesteryl ester formation. In contrast to their defective hydrolysis
      of exogenously derived lipoprotein-bound cholesteryl esters, the choleseryl ester
      storage disease cells showed a normal rate of hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters
      that had been synthesized within the cell. These data lend support to the concept
      that in cultured human fibroblasts cholesteryl esters entering the cell bound to
      low density lipoprotein are hydrolyzed within the lysosome and that one of the
      functions of this intracellular organelle is to supply the cell with free
      cholesterol.

PMID- 172502
TI  - Saccharopine dehydrogenase. Substrate inhibition studies.
AB  - In the direction of reductive condensation of alpha-ketoglutarate and lysine,
      saccharopine dehydrogenase (N6-(glutar-2-yl)-L-lysine:NAD oxidoreductase (lysine
      forming) is inhibited by high concentrations of alpha-ketoglutarate and lysine,
      but not by NADH. NAD+ and saccharopine show no substrate inhibition in the
      reverse direction. Substrate inhibition by alpha-ketoglutarate and lysine is
      linear uncompetitive versus NADH. However, when the inhibition is examined with
      alpha-ketoglutarate or lysine as the variable substrate, the double reciprocal
      plots show a family of curved lines concave up. The curvature is more pronounced
      with increasing concentrations of the inhibitory substrate, suggesting an
      interaction of variable substrate with the enzyme form carrying the inhibitory
      substrate. These inhibition patterns, the lack of interaction of structural
      analogs of lysine such as ornithine and norleucine with the E-NAD+ complex
      (Fujioka M., and Nakatani, Y. (1972) Eur. J. Biochem. 25, 301-307), the identity
      of values of inhibition constants of alpha-ketoglutarate and lysine obtained with
      either one as the substrate inhibitor, and the substrate inhibition data in the
      presence of a reaction product, NAD+, are consistent with the mechanism that
      substrate inhibition results from the formation of a dead-end E-NAD+-alpha
      ketoglutarate complex followed by the addition of lysine to this abortive
      complex.

PMID- 172503
TI  - Adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphorylation of erythrocyte membrane
      proteins. Separation of membrane-associated cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      dependent protein kinase from its endogenous substrates.
AB  - An adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-binding protein in the human
      erythrocyte plasma membrane was isotopically labeled using a photoaffinity analog
      of cyclic AMP, N6-(ethyl 2-diazomalonyl) cyclic [3H]AMP. The cyclic AMP-binding
      site is located in a polypeptide chain having a molecular weight of 48,000.
      Cyclic AMP-binding protein and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase were
      solubilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 in 56 mM sodium borate, pH 8, but 32P-labeled
      membrane phosphoproteins were retained in the Triton-insoluble fraction,
      suggesting that the membrane-associated binding protein is not a primary
      substrate for protein kinase. Triton-solubilized and membrane-associated protein
      kinase activities were stimulated 15- and 17-fold by cyclic AMP, suggesting that
      the degree of association between the catalytic anc cyclic AMP-binding components
      was very similar in both preparations. Fractionation and characterization of
      membrane phosphoproteins have shown that protein III and a co-migrating minor
      protein are substrates for protein kinase but membrane sialoglycoproteins are not
      phosphorylated.

PMID- 172505
TI  - Functional intermediates in the reaction of membrane-bound cytochrome oxidase
      with oxygen.
AB  - Flash photolysis of the membrane-bound cytochrome oxidase/carbon monoxide
      compound in the presence of oxygen at low temperatures and in the frozen state
      leads to the formation of three types of intermediates functional in electron
      transfer in cytochrome oxidase and reduction of oxygen by cytochrome oxidase. The
      first category (A) does not involve electron transfer to oxygen between -125
      degrees and -105 degrees, and includes oxy compounds which are spectroscopically
      similar for the completely reduced oxidase (Cu1+alpha3(2+)-O2) or for the
      ferricyanide-pretreated oxidase (Cu2+alpha3(3+)-O2). Oxygen is readily
      dissociated from compounds of type A. The second category (B) involves oxidation
      of the heme and the copper moiety of the reduced oxidase to form a peroxy
      compound (Cu2+alpha 3(3+)-O2=or Cu2+alpha3(2+)-O2H2) in the temperature range
      from -105 degrees to -60 degrees. Above -60 degrees, compounds of type B serve as
      effective electron acceptors from cytochromes a, c, and c1. The third category
      (C) is formed above -100 degrees from mixed valency states of the oxidase
      obtained by ferricyanide pretreatment, and may involve higher valency states of
      the heme iron (Cu2+alpha3(4+)-O2=). These compounds act as electron acceptors for
      the respiratory chain and as functional intermediates in oxygen reduction. The
      remarkable features of cytochrome oxidase are its highly dissociable "oxy"
      compound and its extremely effective electron donor reaction which converts this
      rapidly to tightly bound reduced oxygen and oxidized oxidase.

PMID- 172504
TI  - Role of carbohydrate of human chorionic gonadotropin in the mechanism of hormone
      action.
AB  - The role of the carbohydrate part of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was
      investigated by measuring the ability of hCG derivatives lacking various sugar
      residues to bind to rat Leydig cells and stimulate them to synthesize
      testosterone and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Whereas
      sequential removal of the sialic acid, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and
      mannose residues led to a progressive increase in the effective dose of the
      hormone required to stimulate steroidogenesis, it resulted in a marked loss in
      the ability of the hormone to stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation. Low doses of the
      glycosidase-treated hormone derivatives were additive with hCG when their ability
      to stimulate testosterone synthesis was analyzed. Nevertheless, the glycosidase
      treated derivatives were potent inhibitors of hCG-induced cyclic AMP
      accumulation, suggesting that removal of the sugars did not influence binding of
      the hormone to the cell as much as it reduced the ability of the bound hormone to
      activate adenyl cyclase. This hypothesis was further supported by our finding
      that the hCG derivatives were highly effective inhibitors of 125I-hGC binding to
      the intact cells. Removal of sialic acid and galactose enhanced the inhibition,
      whereas removal of all the sugar residues only decreased the inhibition slightly.
      The degree of these effects was comparatively small. The possibility that
      steroidogenesis and cyclic AMP accumulation are altered independently by hCG
      stimulation is discussed.

PMID- 172506
TI  - Kinetic studies of leucyl transfer RNA synthetase from bakers' yeast. Order of
      addition of substrates and release of products.

PMID- 172507
TI  - Glycoproteins released into the culture medium of differentiating murine
      neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - C-1300 murine neuroblastoma cells release glycoproteins into the culture medium.
      The process was studied by prelabeling spinner cultures for 12 to 60 hours with
      [3H]glucosamine. Then, the medium was removed and replaced with fresh medium
      lacking radioactive isotope. Soluble material released into the medium during the
      subsequent 2-hour incubation was collected by trichloroacetic acid precipitation.
      The released proteins were then separated by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The
      electrophoretograms of glycoproteins obtained from cultures labeled for different
      lengths of time were very similar; three major radioactive regions centered about
      molecular weights 87,000, 66,000, and 55,000 were present. When spinner cells
      were transferred to monolayer culture in the presence of N6,O2' dibutyryl
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (Bt2cAMP), differentiation (extension of neurites
      twice the diameter of the perikaryon) was observed. Monolayer cultures grown in
      the presence of Bt2cAMP and [3H]glucosamine for 12 hours released glycoproteins
      which gave a gel electrophoresis pattern similar to that obtained using spinner
      cultures. However, after 60 hours in the presence of Bt2cAMP and [3H]glucosamine,
      the released radioactive material consisted almost exclusively of glycoproteins
      of the 66,000 molecular weight class. Similar results were obtained if [3H]fucose
      was substituted for [3H]glucosamine, or if bromodeoxyuridine (which also induced
      differentiation) was substituted for Bt2cAMP. Similar experiments using
      radioactive amino acids were conducted with both spinner and monolayer cultures.
      Much of the released radioactive material was contained in the same three
      molecular weight classes as the glycoproteins released by spinner cells
      prelabeled with [3H]glucosamine, and this pattern did not vary with length of
      labeling period or type of culture. These results may imply that the
      glycosylation of released proteins is influenced by agents which can induce
      differentiation. The origin of this released material is discussed.
      [3H]Glucosamine-labeled glycoproteins of the molecular weight class centered
      about 55,000 (discussed above) were isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis.
      They co-migrated with authentic mouse brain microtubular protein as two closely
      spaced bands on a number of different electrophoretic systems. This protein
      fraction was also characterized as complexing with a monospecific antitubulin
      antibody.

PMID- 172508
TI  - High molecular weight RNAs from Rous sarcoma virus and Moloney murine leukemia
      virus contain two subunits.
AB  - The molecular weights of the large genomic RNAs from Rous sarcoma and Moloney
      murine leukemia viruses were determined by a combination of sedimentation
      coefficients and retardation coefficients from gel electrophoresis. Six RNA
      standards, ranging from 0.7 X 10(6) to 5.3 X 10(6) daltons, were employed.
      Studies in the presence of varying concentrations of Mg2+ showed that the method
      provided valid molecular weights for RNAs of differing amounts of ordered
      structure. The molecular weight (X 10(-6)) of the high molecular weight RNA
      complexe from Rous sarcoma virus was 7.6 (+/-0.3) and from murine leukemia virus
      was 6.9 (+/-0.3). The molecular weights (X 10 (-6) of their Subunits were 3.3 (+/
      0.1) and 2.8 (+/-0.2), respectively. Hence, the large complexes consisted of two,
      not three or more, subunits plus small associated RNAs. The high molecular weight
      RNA from cloned Rous sarcoma virus was heterogenous in molecular weight although
      the apparent molecular radius was constant; stuides were performed on
      subfractions of the RNA as well as on RNA from virus harvested at various time
      intervals. The preparations with lowest molecular weight approached a mass equal
      to twice that of the subunit, with hydrodynamic properties approaching those
      expected of normal single-stranded RNA.

PMID- 172509
TI  - All intact subunit RNAs from Rous sarcoma virus contain poly (A).
AB  - The capacity of RNA subunits of Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus to bind (dT)n
      was studied by cesium sulfate density gradient centrifugation, sucrose gradient
      centrifugation, or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two classes of subunits
      were observed. In agreement with previous reports, 60 to 70% of the purified
      subunits were capable of binding (dT)n. The remaining, nonbinding RNAs, although
      indistinguishable in size from whole subunits, were shown to be fragments that
      had lost the (rA)n terminus by random nucleolytic cleavage. This was deduced from
      the molecular weight distribution of the nonbinding RNAs from high molecular
      weight RNA. In addition, virtually all subunit RNA from early harvest virus,
      which contains a greater proportion of intact subunit, binds (dT)n.

PMID- 172510
TI  - Membrane-associated thiamin triphosphatase. II. Activation by divalent cations.
AB  - Activation of membrane-associated thiamin triphosphatase from rat brain requires
      a divalent cation (Mg2+, Ca2+, or Mn2+). The optimum concentration of Mg2+
      necessary for maximal enzyme activity varies with substrate concentration;
      conversely, the maximal rate of hydrolysis attainbale by increasing thiamin
      triphosphate concentration is directly proportional to [Mg2+] for all levels of
      Mg2+ below that of the substrate. Under appropriate conditions, the Km of the
      thiamin triphosphatase for Mg2+ and for thiamin triphosphate are shown to be
      identical. Dissociation constants (Kd) for the binding of Mg2+ to thiamin
      triphosphate, thiamin diphosphate, and thiamin were determined; kinetic data re
      expressed in terms of [Mg2+-thiamin triphosphate] conform to simple single
      substrate predictions, suggesting that the true enzyme substrate may be the Mg2+
      thiamin triphosphate complex. Excess free Mg2+ inhibits thiamin triphosphatase
      activity competitively while excess free thiamin triphosphate in concentrations
      up to 10 times Km has no effect on the membrane-bound enzyme.

PMID- 172512
TI  - Conformational changes required for pyruvate kinase activity as modulated by
      monovalent cations.
AB  - The interaction of a series of alkylamines with muscle pyruvate kinase was
      investigated by kinetic and physical studies in order to understand the
      mechanisms by which certain monovalent cations can activate the enzyme and to
      define several of the important conformational changes necessary for catalytic
      activity. Monomethylammonium ion interacts with pyruvate kinase to activate the
      enzyme. Dimethyland trimethylammonium ions do not activate, but are competitive
      inhibitors against activating cations. Tetramethylammonium ion neither activates
      nor inhibits pyruvate kinase activity. When the enzyme is in the presence of
      monomethylammonium ion or dimethylammonium ion, a conformational change is
      observed by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. This conformational change is
      similar to that observed with other activating cations and appears to be a
      necessary but no sufficient conformational change in the formation of an active
      complex. The interaction of the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate with the pyruvate
      kinase-Mn2+ complex in the presence of these cations was studied by water proton
      relaxation rate measurements. The affinity of the enzyme-Mn2+ complex for
      phosphoenolpyruvate is decreased by a factor of 5 in the presence of any of the
      alkylamines compared to the affinity measured in the presence of K+ or NH4+. No
      change in the Km of phosphoenolpyruvate is observed however when it is measured
      in the presence of monomethylammonium ion, suggesting that the decrease in
      affinity for the substrate is not the reason for lack of enzymic activity. The
      conformation of the ternary enzyme-Mn2+-phosphoenolpyruvate complex about the
      bound Mn2+, as reflected by the enhancement values (epsilont) measured, differs
      depending upon the nature of the monovalent cation. The epsilon t values measured
      in the presence of the alkylamines are larger (epsilont - 5.7 +/- 0.2) than those
      measured in the presence of K+ or NH4+ (epsilont = 1.9 +/- 0.1).

PMID- 172511
TI  - Reconstitution of Bacillus stearothermophilus 50 S ribosomal subunits from
      purified molecular components.
AB  - Bacillus stearothermophilus 50 S ribosomal subunits have been reconstituted from
      a mixture of purified RNA and protein components. The protein fraction of 50 S
      subunits was separated into 27 components by a combination of various methods
      including ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The individual proteins
      showed single bands in a variety of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis systems,
      and nearly all showed single spots on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. The
      molecular weights of the proteins were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An equimolar mixture of the purified proteins
      was combined with 23 S RNA and 5 S RNA to reconstitute active 50 S subunits by
      the procedure of Nomura and Erdmann (Nomura, M., and Erdmann, V. A. (1970) Nature
      226, 1214-1218). Reconstituted 52 S subunits containing purified proteins were
      slightly more active than subunits reconstituted with an unfractionated total
      protein extract in poly(U)-dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis and showed
      comparable activity in various assays for ribosomal function. The reconstitution
      proceeded more rapidly with the mixture of purified proteins than with the total
      protein extract. Reconstituted 50 S subunits containing purified proteins co
      sedimented with native 50 S subunits on sucrose gradients and had a similar
      protein compsoition. Initial experiments on the roles of the individual proteins
      in ribosomal structure and function were performed. B. stearothermophilus protein
      13 was extracted from 50 S subunits under the same conditions as escherichia coli
      L7/L12, and the extraction had a similar effect on ribosomal function. When
      single proteins were omitted from reconstitution mixtures, in most cases the
      reconstituted 50 S subunits showed decreased activity in polypheylalanine
      synthesis.

PMID- 172513
TI  - Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast.

PMID- 172514
TI  - Effects of serotonin, carbamylcholine, and ascorbic acid on leukocyte cyclic GMP
      and chemotaxis.
AB  - Serotonin, ascorbic acid, and carbamylcholine enhanced the chemotactic
      responsiveness of human monocytes to endotoxin-treated serum. These agents caused
      significant accumulation of cyclic GMP in monocytes. PMN leukocyte chemotaxis was
      also enhanced by these agents although significant increases in cyclic GMP were
      not demonstrated.

PMID- 172516
TI  - A simple method for freeze-fracture of monolayer cultures.
AB  - A simple method is described for the freeze-fracture in situ of monolayer
      cultures grown on gold carriers coated with a thin layer of silicon monoxide.
      Preliminary observations on 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts indicate that this
      technique exposes large areas of cell membrane, making it possible to determine
      how areas of membrane specialization are related to the cell as a whole and to
      regions of cellular interaction. 3T3 cells cultured on silicon monoxide show no
      modification of growth properties compared to cells growing on Falcon plastic,
      and other cell lines also appear to grow well on this substrate.

PMID- 172517
TI  - Recognition and treatment of periodontal emergencies.

PMID- 172515
TI  - Biogenesis of microsomal membrane glycoproteins in rat liver. I. Presence of
      glycoproteins in microsomes and cytosol.
AB  - The glycoproteins of microsomes and cytosol were studied. Various washing
      procedures did not release the proteins from the microsomes, and immunological
      tests demonstrated that the sialoproteins are not serum components. Low
      concentrations of deoxycholate and incubation in 0.25 M sucrose solution
      liberated a small amount of microsomal sialoprotein and this fraction exhibited a
      high degree of labeling of protein-bound N-acetylneuraminic acid. A part of the
      glycoprotein fraction could not be solubilized, even with a high concentration of
      the detergent. Thoroughly perfused rat liver contained sialoproteins in the
      particle-free supernate. The level of sialoprotein present could not be due to
      contamination with serum or broken organelles. The high in vivo incorporation of
      [3H]glucosamine into protein-bound sialic acid of Golgi membranes and cytosol was
      paralleled by a delayed and lesser rate of incorporation into the rough and
      smooth microsomal membranes. This incorporation pattern suggests the possibility
      that the glycoproteins of cytosol and Golgi may later be incorporated into the
      membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 172518
TI  - Autoradiographic studies of nicotinic acid utilization in human-mouse
      heterokaryons and inhibition of utilization in newly-formed hybrid cells.
AB  - Although most mammalian cell lines can utilize either nicotinic acid or
      nicotinamide for the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD),
      thymidine kinase-deficient, mouse 3T3-4F cells are unable to utilize nicotinic
      acid. When 3T3-4E cells were fused with human D98/AH2 cells, autoradiography
      showed that the resultant heterokaryons synthesized NAD from nicotinic acid at
      rates comparable to the human parental cell. The rate of nicotinic acid
      utilization in heterokaryons remained unchanged over the four-day period of study
      following cell fusion. In contrast to the results observed with heterokaryons,
      nicotinic acid utilization was markedly reduced in hybrid cells. Of 100 hybrid
      clones examined at four or five days following cell fusion, 60 utilized nicotinic
      acid at rates less than one tenth that of the parental human cell. Similar
      results were observed in hybrid clones at nine or ten days following fusion.
      Uniformly high rates of NAD biosynthesis were observed in hybrid clones with
      nicotinamide as the precursor. This excludes the possibility that the reduction
      in nicotinic acid utilization in hybrid cells is due to a general metabolic
      dysfunction. The biochemical mechanism by which nicotinic acid utilization is
      markedly reduced has not been determined with certainty, however, several
      observations suggest genetic suppression.

PMID- 172520
TI  - Pyridine nucleotide metabolism in mitotic cells.
AB  - The biosynthesis and turnover of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) have
      been examined in mitotic cells of the human culture line, D98/AH2. No significant
      difference in the incorporation of nicotinic acid or nicotinamide could be
      detected between mitotic and interphase cells. The distribution of newly
      incorporated nicotinic acid among the various pyridine nucleotides was also
      identical in mitotic and interphase cells. Whereas previous results have shown
      that the nucleus is necessary for NAD biosynthesis, the present results show that
      an intact nucleus is not required. In contrast to the equivalent rates of
      biosynthesis in mitotic and interphase cells, the pyridine ring of NAD was lost
      twice as fast from mitotic as from interphase cells. Loss of the pyridine ring to
      the medium is not necessarily an accurate measure of turnover, and the difference
      between mitotic and interphase cells may reflect differential reutilization of
      the pyridine ring within the cell. However, it is clear that NAD turnover is
      substantial in mitotic cells and possibly greater in mitotic cells than
      interphase cells.

PMID- 172519
TI  - The role of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the transformation of Cloudman mouse
      melanoma cells.
AB  - The role of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the regulation of mouse
      melanoma cell growth and differentiation was investigated. A variant melanoma
      (Cloudman S91-F) which displays a greater degree of transformation than the
      parental cell (Cloudman S91) was isolated. A correlation between cyclic AMP
      metabolism and transformation was made. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP depressed cell
      growth and increased pigmentation in both parental and variant cell lines. The
      parental cell line, however, was more responsive to melanocyte-stimulating
      hormone (MSH) which was found to affect cell growth and pigmentation by
      increasing cyclic AMP levels. The more transformed S91-F cell line contained
      lower levels of cyclic AMP than the parental cell line, and this fact correlated
      well with the higher degree of growth and lesser degree of pigmentation in the
      variant. Enzymatic analysis revealed that the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP in both
      cell lines was similar, while the adenylate cyclase activity of the variant cell
      line was lower than that of the parental cell line. Lineweaver-Burk plots
      demonstrated that the Km's for the enzymes in the two cell lines were the same
      but that the Vmax of the S91-F cell line was significantly less that that of the
      S91 cell line. Thus, the lesion in the S91-F cell which is responsible for its
      more transformed characteristics seems to be one which affects adenylate cyclase
      at the level of the cell membrane.

PMID- 172521
TI  - Regulation of growth and morphological modulation of HeLa65 cells in monolayer
      culture by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, butyrate and their analogs.
AB  - N6-O2'-Dibutyryl adenosine-3',5' monophosphate (DBcAMP) markedly altered the
      morphology of HeLa cells by increasing average cell size with an increase in
      total cell protein and RNA. Such effects were not caused by adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cAMP) or related nucleosides and nucleotides. Butyrate, an enzyme
      catalyzed hydrolysis product of DBcAMP, induced a jagged spindle shape in HeLa
      cells within 8 hours and then caused them to enlarge and resemble those grown
      with DBcAMP. These effects were specific for butyrate (C4) and pentanoate (C5)
      and were not observed with isomers, substituted analogs, or other fatty acid
      derivatives. These morphological effects were prevented by blocking protein
      synthesis or by altering the cytoskeleton with Colcemide or cytochalasin B.

PMID- 172522
TI  - Effects of adenosine 5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate on
      l cells.
AB  - The adenine nucleotides, 5'-AMP and 3',5'-cyclic AMP block L cells in the S-phase
      of the cell cycle. The intracellular level of cyclic AMP is reduced after
      incubation of cells with 5'-AMP, and rates of uridine transport are increased
      after incubation with either 5'-AMP or cyclic AMP. On the contrary, cyclic AMP
      levels are increased and uridine transport decreased in cells treated with an
      inhibitor of the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. This inhibitor partially reverses
      the growth-inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP, indicating that a breakdown product
      is the effective inhibitor of growth. The inhibition of cell growth induced by
      the adenine nucleotides is prevented by uridine, suggesting that the block in S
      is due to a lack of availability of pyrimidines.

PMID- 172523
TI  - Calcium distribution in islets of Langerhans: a study of calcium concentrations
      and of calcium accumulation in B cell organelles.
AB  - Calcium concentrations of various pancreatic B cell organelles have been
      determined by X-ray microanalysis of areas of frozen sections of unfixed rat
      islets of Langerhans. Highest concentrations were detected in storage granules
      and in mitochondria, although calcium was also present in nuclei, in areas of
      endoplasmic reticulum and of cytoplasm. Accumulation of 45Ca by isolated
      organelles has been studied in homogenates and isolated subcellular fractions of
      rat islets of Langerhans. In the presence of a permeant anion (oxalate or
      phosphate), accumulation of 45Ca into mitochondria and microsomes was strongly
      stimulated by ATP. This net uptake was diminished during incubation of
      homogenates or of a mitochondria plus storage granule-rich fraction in the
      presence of cyclic AMP, dibutyryl cyclic GMP; 2:4-dinitrophenol or of ruthenium
      red. Investigations of the characteristics of 45Ca accumulation by homogenates
      prepared from storage granule-depleted islets showed no differences from those of
      normal islets, suggesting that the granules do not represent an important labile
      pool of calcium. With the exception of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP none of the
      insulin secretagogues tested (glucose, leucine, arginine, adrenalin,
      noradrenalin, theophylline, glibenclamide) altered calcium accumulation by islet
      homogenates. On the basis of absolute calcium levels and of 45Ca uptake studies
      it is concluded that islet B cells contain a readily exchangeable mitochondrial
      calcium pool, and an endoplasmic reticulum pool containing a lower concentration
      of calcium which is also readily exchangeable. The storage granules, despite
      their high calcium content, do not appear to constitute a labile pool. It seems
      likely that the labile mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum pools play a
      predominant role in the regulation of cytoplasmic free calcium levels, which may
      in turn be important in the regulation of rates of insulin secretion.

PMID- 172524
TI  - Non-covalent interactions. Keyto biological flexibility and specificity.

PMID- 172525
TI  - Silica gel thin-layer chromatography of acidic phospholipids. II. Chromatographic
      behaviour of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid applied with different
      cation composition on adsorbents either free of metal ions or containing a
      surplus of divalent metal ions.
AB  - Different salt forms of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid (two acidic
      phospholipids) have been subjected to thin-layer chromatography on two commonly
      used silica adsorbents, one of which (silica gel HR) is practically free of metal
      ions and the other (silica gel G) contains 13% of calcium sulphate as binder. The
      chromatographic behaviour was studied in an acidic, a neutral and a basic
      solvent. Both adsorbents provided usable systems for phosphatidylserine with each
      of the three solvents, except for silica gel G with the neutral solvent, in which
      system tailing was prominent. The inclusion of calcium sulphate in the silica gel
      tended to impair chromatography of phosphatidylserine in acidic and neutral
      solvents, but improved its chromatography in the basic solvent. In all the
      systems, the migration was independent of the cation composition of the applied
      phosphatidylserine samples. For the chromatography of phosphatidic acid, only
      three of the systems tested were usable, and in those three, the chromatographic
      behaviour was independent of the cation composition of the samples. The calcium
      sulphate in an adsorbent increased tailing of phosphatidic acid in acidic and
      neutral solvents, as it did for phosphatidylserine, whereas with the basic
      solvent, calcium sulphate in the adsorbent caused phosphatidic acid to remain at
      the origin. Two one-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic systems previously
      recommended for the chromatography of acidic phospholipids were unsuitable for
      the chromatography of phosphatidic acid under the conditions used here. For both
      phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid chromatographed in acidic systems, the
      solvent must contain water in addition to acetic acid if excessive tailing is to
      be avoided.

PMID- 172526
TI  - Solid phase radioimmunoassay for typing herpes simplex viral antibodies in human
      sera.
AB  - An indirect solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for typing antibody
      to herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in human sera. The
      test is based upon absorption of sera with uninfected, HSV-1-infected cells and
      testing for residual antibody. The high sensitivity of the RIA method for
      detecting HSV antibody permits examination of sera at high dilutions, and thus
      relatively small volumes of virus-infected cells are required for cross
      absorption of antibodies. Results obtained in RIA typing of HSV antibodies showed
      good agreement with those obtained by microneutralization and inhibition of
      passive hemagglutination. The HSV antibody type(s) determined by RIA also showed
      good correlation with the virus type isolated from the individual, either from
      clinical specimens or sensory nerve ganglia. The technique was very sensitive for
      detection and typing of HSV antibdodies in cerebrospinal fluids. The RIA method
      was highly suitable for detecting two types of HSV antibody in the same serum
      specimen, and it was possible to show that a marked, type-specific antibody
      response to HSV-2 does occur in individuals with a primary HSV-2 infection who
      have experienced a prior infection with HSV-1.

PMID- 172527
TI  - Responses of isolator-derived Japanese quail and quail cell cultures to selected
      animal viruses.
AB  - Thirteen oncogenic and necrotizing animal viruses were assayed in LIFE Sciences,
      Inc. (LSI)-specific pathogen-free Japanese quail and LSI-specific pathogen-free
      chicken embryo cell cultures. Nine viruses produced similar titers in the quail
      and chicken cell systems, whereas four viruses showed significantly higher titers
      in chickens. Young Japanese quail and chickens were inoculated with five selected
      avain viruses and maintained in stainless-steel isolators. Comparable responses
      were noted in quail and chickens injected with Newcastle disease virus and avain
      leukosis virus, but quail were significantly more resistant than chickens to fowl
      pox virus, laryngotracheitis virus, and Marek's disease herpesvirus. Although no
      overt symptoms of disease were observed in Japanese quail inoculated with most
      avain viruses, neutralizing antibody or virus was detected, indicating presence
      of an inapparent infection. In one experiment, neutralizing antibody was detected
      in a comparable number of quail and chickens after inoculation with avian
      leukosis virus. Avian leukosis virus viremia was observed at 12 and 70 days
      postinoculation, with the COFAL (complement fixation for avian leukosis) titers
      similar for quail and chickens. Most quail infected with Marek's disease
      herpesvirus produced neutralizing antibody within 70 days but showed no classical
      symptoms of Marek's disease even when held for 5 months. In contrast, all
      chickens inoculated with Marek's disease herpesvirus died within 20 days. The
      utility of quail embryo cell cultured in the preparation of vaccines and
      biological reagents is discussed.

PMID- 172528
TI  - Longitudinal, serological study of cytomegalovirus infections in nurses and in
      personnel without patient contact.
AB  - Sera were obtained at intervals from 172 hospital employees for measurement of
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) complement fixation (CF) and indirect hemagglutination
      antibody. No fourfold rises or falls in titer were seen over a 19- to 27-month
      period among 71 employees with initially positive CMV CF titers. The concurrence
      rate between the CMV CF and the indirect hemagglutination antibody tests in
      identifying seronegative personnel was 96%. Five seroconversions were identified
      during an average follow-up period of 15 to 17 months per person among 65
      pediatric nurses whose CMV CF titers had initially been less than 1:8. No
      seroconversions were seen during an average follow-up period of 29 months per
      person among 27 hospitad little patient contact. The rate of acquisition of CMV
      infections in seronegative pediatric nurses was 4.1 to 7.7% per year. Sera from 9
      of the 172 employees studied (5.2%) gave inconsistent results at the lower limits
      of the CF test.

PMID- 172529
TI  - On the mechanisms responsible for the phosphaturia of bicarbonate administration.
AB  - Experiments were carried out in normal dogs to characterize the mechanisms by
      which sodium bicarbonate administration results in increased excretion of
      phosphate. Infusion of sodium bicarbonate alone increased fractional phosphate
      excretion from 0.8 to 29.3%. During bicarbonate administration, ionized calcium
      fell and mean parathyroid hormone values increased from 59.6 to 230.4 muleq/ml.
      In the same group of dogs, administration of sodium bicarbonate plus calcium
      prevented the fall in ionized calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels remained
      unchanged. In these dogs fractional phosphate excretion increased from 2.4 to
      only 4.9%. Similar results were obtained in thyroparathyroidectomized dogs
      receiving sodium bicarbonate. In these dogs fractional excretion of phosphate
      increased from 0.6 to 4.5%. Under all three experimental conditions no
      differences were observed in sodium or bicarbonate excretion or in urinary or
      plasma pH. Administration of hydrochloric acid, after phosphaturia had been
      induced by the infusion of bicarbonate, resulted in a decrease in plasma
      bicarbonate and an acid urine; however, the phosphaturia persisted even in the
      presence of an acid urine pH. In five thyroparathyroidectomized dogs infused with
      parathyroid hormone throughout, administration of identical amounts of sodium as
      either NaCl or NaHCO3 resulted in a similar degree of phosphaturia despite
      significant differences in urine pH. These experiments suggest that a rise in
      parathyroid hormone levels, resulting from a fall in ionized calcium, is the
      major mechanism by which bicarbonate administration produces phosphaturia. An
      increased natriuresis per nephron, as a consequence of extracellular fluid volume
      expansion, contributes to the phosphaturia. On the other hand, alkalinization of
      the urine does not play a significant role in the phosphaturia seen after
      bicarbonate administration.

PMID- 172530
TI  - Metabolism of apoprotein B of plasma very low density lipoproteins in the rat.
AB  - As an extension of metabolic studies of the cholesteryl ester component of rat
      very low density lipoproteins, we have studied the metabolism of the B apoprotein
      component labeled by intravenous injection of [3H]lysine. The B apoprotein
      separated from other apoproteins by delipidation and selective precipitation with
      tetramethylurea could not be distinguished from B apoprotein prepared by the
      conventional gel filtration technique. After injection of [3H]lysine, specific
      activity of B apoprotein was maximal in very low density and low density
      lipoproteins 1 and 11/2-h later, respectively, in a manner consistent with a
      precursor-product relationship. When protein-labeled very low density
      lipoproteins were injected into rats, the relationships of specific activity
      again indicated that B apoprotein of very low density lipoproteins may be the
      sole precursor of that of low density lipoproteins. However, less than 10% of the
      B apoprotein that disappeared from very low density lipoproteins appeared in
      density lipoproteins. To evaluate the sites of removal of B aproprotein of very
      low density lipoproteins from plasma, protein-labeled very low density
      lipoproteins were incubated with unlabeled high density lipoproteins to reduce
      radioactivity in non-B apoproteins selectively by molecular exchange. Most of the
      B apoprotein was rapidly removed by the liver. The extensive hepatic uptake of
      both the cholesteryl ester and B apoprotein components of rat very low density
      lipoproteins may explain the characteristically low concentrations of plasma low
      density lipoproteins in the rat.

PMID- 172531
TI  - Reduction in cholesterol and low density lipoprotein synthesis after portacaval
      shunt surgery in a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - The turnover of 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein (LDL) and the total body
      balance of cholestrol were studied in a 6-yr-old girl with the homozygous form of
      familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) before and after the surgical creation of an
      end-to-side portacaval shunt. The results were compared with those of similar
      studies simultaneously performed in untreated patients with the heterozygous form
      of FH and with the results of earlier studies performed on normolipidemic
      subjects. Before shunt surgery, the rate of synthesis of LDL in the FH homozygote
      (mg/kg per day) was fourfold higher than in normolipidemic subjects and twofold 
      higher than in her heterozygous mother. The fractional catabolic rate for LDL in
      the homozygote was decreased to 33% of normal control values. The rate of
      cholesterol synthesis, estimated by chemical sterol balance, was higher in the FH
      homozygote than in two FH heterozygotes of similar age studied simultaneously.
      When considered in relation to the markedly elevated level of plasma cholesterol,
      the observed rate of cholesterol synthesis in the FH homozygote was
      inappropriately elevated. Bile acid production was normal in all three children.
      5 mo after shunt surgery, the rate of LDL synthesis in the homozygote had
      declined by 48% as compared with the preoperative value, and this caused a 39%
      drop in the plasma LDL cholesterol level despite a 17% reduction in the
      fractional catabolic rate of the lipoprotein. The rate of cholesterol synthesis
      fell by 62% as compared with the preoperative value. The findings of an
      inappropriately elevated rate of production of both cholesterol and LDL as well
      as a reduced fractional catabolic rate for the lipoprotein in the untreated FH
      homozygote are consistent with results of studies in cultured fibroblasts
      indicating that the primary genetic defect in FH involves a deficiency in a cell
      surface receptor for LDL that regulates both cholesterol synthesis and LDL
      degradation. Although the mechanism for the decline in production of cholesterol
      and LDL after portacaval shunt surgery is unknown, it was observed that these
      changes were associated with marked increases in the plasma concentrations of
      bile acids and glucagon.

PMID- 172532
TI  - Extrusion of pyrophosphate into extracellular media by osteoarthritic cartilage
      incubates.
AB  - The distribution of calcium pyrophosphate mineral phase, almost exclusively
      confined to articular cartilage in chondrocalcinosis, and the high level of
      pyrophosphate (PPi) ion relative to serum in synovial fluid in patients with
      either chondrocalcinosis or advanced osteoarthritis led to an investigation of
      whether cartilage cells elaborate PPi ions. Incubates of articular cartilage from
      young rabbits but not from mature rabbits, as well as growth plates cartilage,
      released PPi into incubation media during a 4h period. Control rabbit ear
      cartilage and synovial membrane elaborated negligible amounts of PPi. The PPi was
      shown to be undialyzable but could be dissociated from the alkaline phosphatase
      by ultracentrifugation. In 16 patients with osteoarthritis, a substantial output
      of PPi by samples of articular cartilage from the knee was demonstrated. It is
      postulated that either rapid cell division and matrix synthesis found in the base
      of ulcerating osteoarthritic cartilage or remodeling calcified sites are the
      source of the PPi in such osteoarthritic cartilage. It is further hypothesized
      that this PPi output accounts at least in part for the elevated PPi levels found
      in synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis.

PMID- 172533
TI  - Conversion of very low density lipoprotein to low density lipoprotein. A
      metabolic study of apolipoprotein B kinetics in human subjects.
AB  - The interrelationship between apolipoprotein B in very low density lipoprotein
      (VLDL-B) and in low density lipoprotein (LDL-B) was studied in seven normal and
      hyperlipidemic men and women, with purified radioiodinated VLDL. The time-course
      of the appearance of radioactivity in LDL was followed. As the specific activity
      curves intersected at the masimal height of the LDL-B curve, it was inferred that
      all or most LDL-B peptide is derived from VLDL-B peptide. This transfer was
      further quantitated in seven normotriglyceridemic subjects by simultaneous i.v.
      injection of purified 131I-VLDL and 125I-LDL. By a deconvolution method, a
      quantitative description of the rate of entry of 131Ivldl-b into 131I-LDL-B was
      derived by analysis of 131I-LDL-B and 125I-ldl-b radioactivity in plasma. The
      results indicate that approximately 90% of VLDL-B mass is converted into LDL-B in
      subjects with normal serum triglyceride concentrations. The synthetic rates of
      VLDL-B and LDL-B peptide were simultaneously measured in six normal subjects, and
      two patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa). The
      turnover rates for VLDL-B and LDL-B peptide were similar in these subjects. The
      findings in the three parts of this study were consistent with the view that most
      if not all VLDL-B is converted into LDL-B peptide, and most if not all LDL-B is
      derived from VLDL-B peptide in normotriglyceridemic subjects.

PMID- 172534
TI  - Apoprotein composition of very low density lipoproteins of human serum.
AB  - Methods for quantitation of the major apoproteins of human serum very low density
      lipoprotein have been developed employing tetramethylurea, which delipidates the
      lipoprotein and selectively precipitates apolipoprotein B. Six soluble
      apoproteins are separated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. One of these
      is a previously unrecognized species of R-alanine (R4-alanine), more anionic than
      the R3-alanine polypeptide. Conditions of staining have been found which yield
      reproducibly linear chromogenic response with native lipoprotein and with each
      purified apoprotein. Recovery of protein in the seven species measured accounts
      for over 97% of the total in the very low density lipoprotein of normolipidemic
      individuals and in most samples from individuals with endogenous hyperlipemia.
      The mean content of apolipoprotein B in 43 samples from normolipidemic subjects
      was 36.9(+/-1.2 SEM)% of total protein, The distribution of the major soluble
      apoproteins as mean (+/-SEM) percentage of the soluble fraction was : R-serine,
      5.3+/-o.5; arginine-rich, 20.6+/-1.0; R-glutamic, 10.6+/-0.4; R2-alanine, 28.3+/
      0.7; R3-alanine, 26.9+/-0.5; and R4-alanine, 8.0+/-0.5. Distribution of the
      apoproteins was a function of particle diameter of very low density lipoprotein
      in fractions separated by gel permeation chromatography and by density gradient
      ultracentrifugation. In fractions below 700-800 A, apolipoprotein B comprised an
      increasing percentage of the total protein with decreasing particle diameter.
      Among the soluble proteins the percentage of the arginine-rich and R-serine
      polypeptides increased and that of the R-glutamic polypeptide declined
      progressively with decreasing particle size. Apoprotein distribution was similar
      in fractions of similar particle size from normolipidemic and hyperlipemic
      subjects with the exception that all fractions from the hyperlipemic subjects
      contained more R-serine and some, more arginine rich polypeptide. Even in the
      absence of chylomicrons, the distribution of soluble apoproteins in particles of
      diameters greater than 700-800 A was usually similar to that of the smallest
      particles. This suggests that the largest particles may include products of the
      partial catabolism of chylomicrons.

PMID- 172535
TI  - The diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses by electron microscopy of skin biopsies.
AB  - An ultrastructural examination was carried out on the skin of six children
      suffering from Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPSI or Hurler's disease) and MPS II
      (Hunter's disease). Both intracellular mucopolysaccharides and lipids were
      observed. The dermal cells, i.e. fibroblasts, macrophages, were loaded with
      multiple vacuolar inclusions thought to be of lysosomal origin. They appeared
      either content-free or filled with granular, fuzzy and/or pseudomyelinic
      structures. Identical abnormalities were observed within the Schwann cells,
      smooth muscle cells and keratinocytes. Mast cells showed peculiar "worm-like"
      inclusions apart from their normal granulations. Since ultrastructure of a skin
      sample may provide as much data as brain, liver or kidney, cutaneous electron
      microscopy can be recommended to confirm a diagnosis of MPS.

PMID- 172536
TI  - Plasma adrenocorticoid response to corticotropin in dairy cattle fed high silage
      diets.
AB  - Responses of plasma corticoids to adrenocorticotropic hormone (.32 U/kg body
      weight) administered during early lactation were measured in dairy cattle
      consuming large amounts of concentrate feeds and one of the following forage
      diets: alfalfa-timothy hay plus corn silage, alfalfa-timothy hay crop silage plus
      corn silage, or corn silage. Concentrations of plasma corticoids increased to
      maximum in all groups within 60 to 90 min. Concentrations remained at near
      maximum for 4 to 5 h and then declined to baseline. Maximum corticoid
      concentrations following adrenocorticotropic hormone injection differed among
      forage treatment groups. Responses of corn silage and hay crop silage groups
      (46.7 +/- 1.1 and 50.1 +/- 2.4 ng/ml) did not differ but were less than those in
      the hay group (65.5 +/- 2.9 ng/ml). Response measured as area under the curve of
      plasma corticoid response also differed among forage treatments: hay 443 +/- 17 h
      (ng/ml) is greater than hay crop silage 334 +/- 34 is greater than corn silage
      245 +/- 36. Results are discussed in terms of stress susceptibility in dairy
      cattle consuming diets containing large amounts of silage.

PMID- 172537
TI  - Production of a nonwettable enamel surface.
AB  - A water-repellent enamel surface was achieved using a new material that is a
      combination of fumed silicon dioxide and a silane. The effects of this coating on
      enamel were studied. In vitro studies suggest that the material produces good
      water and saliva repellency. However, no reduction in bacterial colonization
      between treated and control enamel occurred. results of in vivo investigations of
      coated and control Styroflex strips showed a reduction in deposits on the former.
      Retention with or without previous acid etching of the enamel was poor.

PMID- 172538
TI  - The use of arylsulfonyltriazoles for the synthesis of oligonucleotides by the
      triester approach.

PMID- 172539
TI  - Letter: Nonexponential methyl proton spin-lattice relaxation in the C-terminal
      tetrapeptide of gastrin.

PMID- 172540
TI  - How the human brain responds to aging.
AB  - The characteristic morphologic changes frequently observed in the brain of an old
      adult include a decrease in weight and volume, a change in the pattern of
      cerebral cortical convolutions, and an increase in ventricular size. Cell loss
      varies from region to region in the brain, and may be intensified in Alzheimer's
      disease and other disorders associated with senile dementia. Among the neuroglial
      cells, the microglia undergo the most significant changes with age. Although
      senile brain disease previously has been regarded as secondary to
      atherosclerosis, recent neuropathologic studies indicate that only 30 to 40
      percent of senile brain disease arises from cerebrovascular pathologic lesions.
      The dilemma remains, however, of how much of the deterioration observed in the
      aged is related to disease and how much to senescence. The interaction between
      gene expression and environmental conditions in aging is another important
      question for the geriatrician. Progress in the control and treatment of disorders
      associated with old age depends upon further research into the mechanisms that
      underlie the process of aging in the brain.

PMID- 172541
TI  - Impact of social forces on mental health.

PMID- 172543
TI  - Medical and social problems of sickle cell anemia: the patient and the bearer of
      the trait.

PMID- 172542
TI  - Radiation as agents of somatic and genetic alterations.

PMID- 172544
TI  - Acting out as a response to the psychiatrist's pregnancy.

PMID- 172545
TI  - The effect of biologic amines on peroxidase activity (p-phenylenediamine as
      cosubstrate in detecting leukocyte peroxidase deficiency) (Batten's disease).

PMID- 172546
TI  - Organizing a rape crisis program in a general hospital.

PMID- 172547
TI  - Hormone therapy of the menopause.

PMID- 172548
TI  - Study on skin roughness caused by surfactants: I. A new method in vivo for
      evaluation of skin roughness.

PMID- 172549
TI  - Study on skin roughness caused by surfactants: II. Correlation between protein
      denaturation and skin roughness.

PMID- 172550
TI  - [Radiography of breast cancers].
AB  - Malignant tumor in the breast create a stroma-reaction that gives the typical
      aspect of malignant picture with retractile fibrosis, oedema and
      microcalcifications (10 to 15%). The diagnosis is really uncertain in only 2% of
      the cases. Cytology after fine needle puncture permit the diagnosis.

PMID- 172551
TI  - [Viruses and mammary carcinogenesis].
AB  - Bittner virus has been extensively studied by recent electron microscopy and
      molecular biology techniques. The structure, the biochemical, physical and
      antigenic properties of the RNA tumor viruses - i.e. the mouse mammary tumor
      virus (MMTV) - are well known. Recent observations in human tissues of particles
      similar to animal viruses that are known to be oncogenic have raised the
      hypothesis of the role of viruses in human cancer. In mice, breast cancer can be
      caused by a virus - the Bittner virus or MMTV - that is usually transmitted from
      mother to offspring in the milk. The discovery of such virus particles in human
      milks and breast cancer tissues could provide data about a viral aetiology of
      human breast cancer.

PMID- 172552
TI  - [Hormonal receptors of malignant breast tumors].
AB  - Tissue samples from 166 primary and 136 metastatic breast cancers were analysed
      for the presence of estrogen receptors. It was found by measuring the affinity of
      the cytoplasmic fraction of these samples for 3H-estradiol-17 beta that receptors
      were present in 72 p. 100 and 54 p. 100 of primary and metastatic cancers
      respectively. Receptor concentration varied among sample in an apparently
      continuous distribution from zero to 2,080 femtomoles per mg tissue protein. This
      suggests that mammary tumors are different from one another more in a
      quantitative than in a qualitative way. Detectable amounts of receptors were
      found in samples from mammary dysplasia, fibroadenomas as well as from one
      papilloma; none was detected in samples from non-tumorous mammary gland, nipple
      areola or skin. At mastectomy, no correlation was found between presence or
      absence of receptors in the primary tumors, and presence or absence of metastatic
      axillary nodes. On the other hand both the primary and its axillary metastases
      almost always displayed the same characteristic as far as presence or absence of
      receptors was concerned. Analysis of clinical studies reported seems to indicate
      that women with advanced breast cancer respond in a fair proportion of cases to
      various endocrine treatments when tumor tissue biopsies contain estrogen
      receptors whereas the probability of a response is very low in their absence.

PMID- 172553
TI  - [Histological classification of malignant breast neoplasms. Recent concepts].
AB  - The recent histological classifications of breast malignant epithelial tumours
      place increased emphasis on several concepts: in situ carcinoma, difference of
      lobular carcinoma from other forms of breast cancer and histological factors of
      prognosis. The authors propose to discriminate: non infiltrating duct carcinoma
      (intraductal carcinoma); lobular carcinoma (in situ and infiltrating);
      infiltrating duct carcinoma in their usual form (80 p. 100 about of all breast
      carcinoma); among them, histological types with a less ominous prognosis,
      although relatively rare, are stressed (infiltrating papillary and comedo
      carcinomas, tubular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, colloid carcinoma,
      cylindroma, certain metaplastic variants, Paget's disease of the nipple); some
      features in unusual hosts are related. They mention the criteria of the Scarff
      and Bloom's "grading" and its importance from the point of view of prognosis,
      mainly for the usual infiltrating forms. Other malignant tumours of the breast
      (malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes, sarcomas, mammary metastases) are more
      scarcely seen (I p. 100 of the mammary neoplasms): their classification is
      succinctly recalled.

PMID- 172554
TI  - Enzyme cytochemistry of Candida albicans.
AB  - The application of a new preparation method for demonstrating the activities of
      hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in Candida albicans is reported. The problem of
      inadequate penetration of fixatives into yeast cells has been solved by
      sectioning solidified pellets of the cells in the presence of glutaraldehyde, a
      procedure that yields a fairly well preserved ultrastructure and sufficient
      enzyme activities. The subcellular distribution of most specific and nonspecific
      phosphatases and of peroxidases is at variance with that found in mammalian
      cells. The activities toward beta-glycerophosphate, p-nitrophenylphosphate,
      adenosine triphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, thiamine pyrophosphate and
      glucose 6-phosphate are almost exclusively confined to the central vacuolar
      apparatus. Oxidative and peroxidative activities are demonstrated only in
      mitochondria. Specific marker enzymes for endoplasmic reticulum, plasmalemma,
      Golgi apparatus and peroxisomes in C. albicans are not found. The possible
      function of the various subcellular organelles in relation to their enzymatic
      content is discussed.

PMID- 172555
TI  - Ultrastructural visualization of virus-induced surface antigens. Comparative
      studies of three immunohistochemical techniques.
AB  - Three immunohistochemical techniques used for ultrastructural localization of
      cell surface antigens were compared with respect to ease of reagent preparation
      and qualitative aspects of cell surface staining. The techniques compared were:
      (a) ferritin-conjugated antibody, (b) "hybrid" antibody and (c) a modification of
      the "bridging" technique which employs soluble immune complexes. Used in
      conjuction with strain MC29 avian oncornavirus-infected chick embryo cells and
      chicken antiviral immune serum, the results of all three techniques were
      comparable. In terms of ease of preparation, the "bridging" technique employing
      soluble complexes was found to be the most satisfactory.

PMID- 172557
TI  - Intracellular localization and size of glycogen particles in glycogen synthesized
      under histochemical conditions.
AB  - During the investigation of the histochemical synthesis of glycogen particles
      from glucose 1-phosphate by the phosphorylase-branching glycosyltransferase
      system in various tissue cells, it was observed that focal synthesis localized in
      a certain area of the cytoplasm occurred in some cells. This differed from the
      usual synthesis in which particles of similar size were synthesized within the
      cytoplasm. Otherwise, cytoplasmic particles of various size were also synthesized
      in other cells under the same histochemical condition. The possible significance
      of the presence of these patterns in glycogen synthesis is discussed.

PMID- 172556
TI  - The distribution of collagenase in normal rat tissues.
AB  - A rabbit monospecific anti-rat uterus collagenase antibody has been used to study
      the distribution of collagenase in normal rat tissues by immunohistochemical
      methods. Indirect staining was performed with fluorescein-conjugated goat anti
      rabbit immunoglobulin G antibody. The organs studied were brain, lung,
      myocardium, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, testes, uterus, xiphoid cartilage,
      tail tendon, skeletal (triceps) muscle and skin. Collagenase is widely present
      throughout the connective tissue structures in all organs examined. The enzyme is
      apparently bound to collagen fibers, reticulum fibers and basement membranes. The
      results suggest that control of collagenase activity depends on factors other
      than the presence of the enzyme in tissues.

PMID- 172558
TI  - Variation among strains of type A foot-and-mouth disease virus in the Eastern
      Mediterranean region 1964-1972.
AB  - Variants of type A FMD virus from the Eastern Mediterranean region over the years
      1964-72 have been shown to belong to a group distinct from the Western European
      strains as represented by A5 Westerwald. This group appears to derive from the
      A22 strain first recognized in 1964 and indicates the possibility of new strains
      supplanting old in the field.

PMID- 172559
TI  - A solid phase micro-radioimmunoassay to detect minute amounts of Ig class
      specific anti-viral antibody in a mouse model system.
AB  - A simple and rapid micro-radioimmunoassay was developed to detect and quantitate
      class specific mouse anti-Sendai virus antibodies. Two different 125I-labelled
      indicator systems were studied. After incubation of test serum with antigen one
      system used 125I-rabbit anti-mouse IgG (RIA 1) and the second employed rabbit
      anti-mouse IgG, IgA or IgM followed by 125I-sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin
      reagent (RIA 2). The RIA 2 method was adopted for routine use as it was more
      sensitive, gave better discrimination between sample and background counts and
      eliminated the need for several labelled rabbit anti-mouse Ig class specific
      antisera. The technique was found to be about 100 times more sensitive than
      conventional HI tests, specific, reliable and economical of reagents and time.

PMID- 172560
TI  - An evaluation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophospate-dependent protein kinase
      activity in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - Activity of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase has
      been measured in the skin of normal controls, patients with non-atopic skin
      disorders, and those with atopic dermatitis. All samples analyzed displayed the
      presence of this enzymatic activity. However, the enzyme from the atopic skin did
      not seem to be dependent on cyclic AMP for activity. Whether this is due to an
      artifact of isolation of protein kinase or is indeed the true in vivo nature of
      the enzyme remains to be established.

PMID- 172561
TI  - Human responses to two decavalent rhinovirus vaccines.
AB  - Two formalin-inactivated, decavalent rhinovirus vaccines were tested in humans
      for acceptability and antigenicity. Infectivity titers of the vaccine antigens
      were low and ranged from 10(1.5) to 10(5.5) 50% tissue culture infective
      doses/ml. There were minimal or no side effects to either vaccine. The first
      inoculation of one vaccine produced antigenic responses to 30% of the
      administered antigens. Limited testing for heterologous antibody responses to
      nonvaccine antigens showed scattered responses. These findings suggest that
      potent multivalent rhinovirus vaccines containing antigens selected for cross
      reactivity should be tested in an attempt to develop practical control measures
      for rhinoviruses.

PMID- 172562
TI  - Humoral and cellular immune responses to an envelope-associated antigen of herpes
      simplex virus.
AB  - The humoral and cellular immune responses of rabbits and guinea pigs to the
      envelope-associated antigen of herpes simplex virus type I were studied.
      Neutralizing antibody (at high titer) and lymphocytes reactive to herpes simplex
      virus were detected in both guinea pigs and rabbits after immunization with the
      antigen. In a standard assay of cellular immunity to herpes simplex virus, the
      antigen stimulated blast transformation of herpes simplex virus-reactive splenic
      lymphocytes in vitro. Furthermore, immunization of rabbits with the envelope
      associated antigen protected the animals from a lethal dose of live herpes
      simplex virus. Thus an antigen of herpes simplex virus can be prepared which
      contains neither infectious nor noninfectious viral particles and which
      stimulates immunity to the virus in laboratory animals.

PMID- 172564
TI  - [Clostridium perfringens as a causative organism in food poisoning. (1).
      Distribution of Clostridium perfringens in the feces of healthy persons and heat
      resistance of the isolates].

PMID- 172563
TI  - Experimental horizontal transmission of Herpesvirus saimiri from squirrel monkeys
      to an owl monkey.
AB  - Herpesvirus saimiri was naturally transmitted from squirrel monkeys excreting the
      virus to one of two owl monkeys housed in the same cage. The owl monkey became
      infected approximately three months after contact was initiated. H. saimiri was
      consistently isolated from the peripheral lymphocytes until this animal died
      eight months later. During this period the owl monkey developed specific antibody
      to H. saimiri to a maximal neutralization index of 5.5 logs. The other monkey
      remained uninfected for an ovservation period of one year. The documentation of
      this horizontal transmission of H. saimiri infection from squirrel monkeys to an
      owl monkey suggests that owl monkeys developing spontaneous malignant lymphomas
      associated with H. saimiri infection may also have acquired the infection in this
      manner.

PMID- 172565
TI  - [Clostridium perfringens as a causative organism in food poisoning. (2) Incidence
      in commercial foods].

PMID- 172566
TI  - [Surgical management of pulmonary metastasis of trophoblastic tumor].

PMID- 172567
TI  - [Physical modes and functional characteristics of cytochrome oxidase (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 172568
TI  - [A case of primary aldosteronism associated with spironolactone inclusions
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 172570
TI  - Glomus jugulare tumours. (A series of 21 cases).
AB  - Twenty-one cases of glomus jugulare tumours were analysed in retrospect. Six had
      been treated surgically, ten by irradiation, and five by a combination of
      incomplete surgical excision followed by irradiation. Recurrences appeared in
      four cases, but no patient has died of the tumour during the follow-up period
      which is from a few months to eleven years. Metastases were not found in any
      case. The optimal time of irradiation in combined treatment is discussed.

PMID- 172569
TI  - Adaptive enhancement of amino acid transport in human leukemia leukocytes:
      studies with alpha-aminoisobutyric acid.
AB  - Initial rates of accumulation (Vi) of [3-14C] alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) by
      human leukemic leukocytes increased markedly and progressively during 240 minute
      incubations in amino acid-deficient media. Absolute increments were greater in
      blast cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and with acute
      myeloblastic leukemia than in lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia, but per cent increments did not differ. Time-related increases appear
      to be restricted to an active mechanism for AIB entry and could not be attributed
      to cell damage, concomitant alterations in the incubation media, or progressive
      reduction in transinhibition of AIB entry. Studies with two cell populations
      revealed these increases to be associated with an augmented Vmax and a reduction
      in apparent Km, suggesting enhanced capacity and affinity of the transport system
      for AIB. Time-related increases failed to develop in two chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia (CLL) lymphocyte populations and were partially reduced in two leukemic
      blast cell populations during continuous exposure to high extracellular AIB
      concentrations. Hence, this phenomenon may represent an adaptive response to
      environmental amino acid deprivation. Adaptation may involve de novo protein and
      RNA synthesis, since it was not seen in cells which were treated with
      cycloheximide or actinomycin D. However, unlike previous observations in
      nonmalignant cells, once triggered, the adaptive response was not completely
      suppressed in leukemic cells which underwent a large degree of adaptation.

PMID- 172571
TI  - Rhabdomyoma purum of the larynx.
AB  - A case of pure well-differentiated rhabdomyoma of the larynx occurring in a 50
      year-old male is reported. The lesion was localized to the interarytenoid region.
      From an accurate revision of the world literature on the subject it appears that
      the cases so far described number only seven, including the one in the present
      report. Furthermore, the differential histological and histochemical criteria for
      distinguishing rhabdomyoma from granular cell Schwannoma are discussed and
      tabulated, as the two neoplasms may be easily confused. In our case, there has
      been no evidence of recurrence of the tumour for more than 1 year, which is in
      accordance with the previous cases reported in the literature.

PMID- 172572
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen in anaerobic infection of the medistinum.
AB  - In the last decade hyperbaric oxygen has been recognized as an important
      therapeutic tool in a variety of instances in which either destruction of
      anaerobic bacteria is urgent or an improvement in the oxygenation level is
      mandatory. We have used it successfully in a case of mediastinal anaerobic
      infection (gas gangrene) after medical and surgical measures had failed to
      eradicate the disease. The causative organism of gas gangrene, Clostridium
      perfringens (Welchii), is widely distributed. It may be cultured from the soil,
      house dust, human skin and faeces, etc. For this reason infection with
      Clostridium is practically inevitable whenever suitable conditions arise. As an
      anaerobic bacterium Clostridium Welchii multiplies readily in damaged tissues
      without contact with the air and devoid of a normal blood supply. This occurs
      especially in road accidents and war wounds in which broken bones and crushed
      muscles provide a suitable medium for the infection (Altmeier, 1965). Sometimes
      this infection can occur too after abdominal or gynaecological operations
      (Hitchcock, 1965). We present here a case of mediastinal gas gangrene which was
      caused by perforation of the oesophagus by a swallowed foreign body.

PMID- 172573
TI  - Role of lamellar inclusions in surfactant production: studies on phospholipid
      composition and biosynthesis in rat and rabbit lung subcellular fractions.
AB  - Lamellar inclusion bodies in the type II alveolar epithelial cell are believed to
      be involved in pulmonary surfactant production. However, it is not clear whether
      their role is that of synthesis, storage, or secretion. We have examined the
      phospholipid composition and fatty acid content of rabbit lung wash, lamellar
      bodies, mitochondria, and microsomes. Phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylglycerol, the surface-active components of pulmonary surfactant,
      accounted for over 80% of the total phospholipid in lung wash and lamellar bodies
      but for only about 50% in mitochondria and microsomes. Phosphatidylethanolamine,
      phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin accounted for over
      40% of the total in mitochondria and microsomes but for only 6% in lung wash and
      15% in lamellar bodies. The fatty acid composition of lamellar body
      phosphatidylcholine was similar to that of lung wash, but different from that of
      mitochondria and microsomes, in containing palmitic acid as a major component
      with little stearic acid and few fatty acids of chain length greater than 18
      carbon atoms. The biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol
      was examined in the mitochondrial, microsomal, and lamellar body fractions from
      rat lung. Cholinephosphotransferase was largely microsomal. The activity in the
      lamellar body fraction could be attributed to microsomal contamination. The
      activity of glycerolphosphate phosphatidyltransferase, however, was high in the
      lamellar body fraction, although it was highest in the mitochondria and was also
      active in the microsomes. These data suggest that the lamellar bodies are
      involved both in the storage of the lipid components of surfactant and in the
      synthesis of at least one of those components, phosphatidylglycerol.

PMID- 172574
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatography: separation of the metabolites of vitamins D2
      and D3 on small-particle silica columns.
AB  - The high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of all of the known
      metabolites of vitamin D(2) and vitamin D(3) found in biological fluids has been
      achieved. This technique has been successfully applied to the analysis of vitamin
      D mixtures, purification of vitamin D metabolites, and identification of
      radioactive peaks. Some theoretical bases for the observed resolutions are
      suggested.

PMID- 172575
TI  - Determination of B protein of low density lipoprotein directly in plasma.
AB  - Quantitation of the apoprotein constituents of lipoproteins has extended our
      knowledge of plasma lipid transport. Previously, B protein content of low density
      lipoprotein could be measured by radial immunodiffusion only after
      ultracentrifugation. However, if performed in 1.5% agarose gel with standards and
      measured at 18 hr rather than at equilibrium, low density lipoprotein B protein
      can be measured directly in plasma, eliminating the need to separate very low
      density lipoprotein.

PMID- 172576
TI  - Radioiodinated lipoproteins: absorption of 125I radioactivity by high density
      solutions.
AB  - Concentrations of potassium bromide commonly used for separation of lipoproteins
      were shown to cause absorption of 125I and thus reduce the counting efficiency of
      the labeled lipoproteins. Chloroform was shown to cause a 50% reduction in
      counting efficiency of lipid from 125I-labeled lipoprotein. No reduction of
      counting efficiency was observed in the presence of high density solutions when
      131I was used as label.

PMID- 172577
TI  - Modification of myometrial activity in vivo by administration of cyclic
      nucleotides and theophylline to the pregnant rat.
AB  - Myometrial activity was recorded in vivo in unrestrained pregnant rats from day
      19 of gestation using radiotelemetry. The effects of short-term infusions of
      theophylline, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and 8-bromo-cyclic GMP were investigated. All
      three compounds caused a decrease in oxytocin-induced, prostaglandin F2alpha
      induced and spontaneous uterine activity. After cessation of the infusion of
      these compounds uterine activity returned to near pre-infusion levels within
      approximately 15 min in most animals. The possible roles of cyclic nucleotides in
      the control of myometrial contraction are discussed in the light of these
      observations.

PMID- 172578
TI  - Comparison of the characteristics and of the hormonal control of endometrial and
      myometrial progesterone receptors.
AB  - The characteristics of endometrial and myometrial progesterone receptor of guinea
      pig were compared. Affinity for progesterone, hormone specificity, sedimentation
      properties (in oestrogen-primed animals), inhibition of binding by p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate were found to be identical in both tissue. Differences
      were, however, observed in the hormonal control of the concentration of receptor.
      In all the situations studied, the concentration of receptors was higher in the
      endometrium than in the myometrium. In guinea-pigs ovariectomized at dioestrus
      the concentration was 3500 binding sites per diploid genome in the myometrium and
      20300 in the endometrium; 1-3 days after oestradiol injection, this concentration
      was raised to 46000-38000 and 65000-83000 binding sites respectively. Thus the
      absolute rise was similar in both tissues but the relative increase was about 15
      fold in the myometrium and only three- to fourfold in the endometrium. After
      injection of 2 mg progesterone, the concentration of receptor previously induced
      by oestrogen returned to very low values similar to those observed in non
      hormonally treated controls. This difference between endometrial and myometrial
      receptors could be due either to a faster turnover of the latter or to the
      existence of a stable non-hormonally controlled population of receptors, present
      only in the endometrium.

PMID- 172579
TI  - Effect of magnesium deficiency and parathyroid hormone on cyclic AMP metabolism
      in rat renal cortex.
AB  - The influence of magnesium deficiency on cyclic AMP metabolism was investigated
      in rats on diets of normal and low calcium content. Magnesium deficiency itself
      did not significantly affect either the basal concentration or the parathyroid
      hormone-stimulated formation of cyclic AMP in the renal cortex. Magnesium
      deficient rats with hypercalcaemia excreted more cyclic AMP in the urine, but
      similar rats that developed hypocalcaemia on low calcium intake excreted less
      than their respective controls. The former type of animals also tended to
      accumulate more cyclic AMP in the renal cortex in response to the injection of a
      standard dose of parathyroid hormone, whereas rats of the latter type accumulated
      less. The activity of parathyroid hormone-stimulated renal cortical adenylate
      cyclase in vitro was increased by magnesium and reduced by calcium under most
      conditions, but with low concentrations of magnesium small amounts of calcium had
      a stimulatory effect. These observations suggest that cyclic AMP metabolism is
      influenced by metabolic disorders developing secondary to magnesium deficiency.

PMID- 172580
TI  - Osmotic inhibition of the natriferic response of the toad urinary bladder to
      vasopressin.
AB  - The electrical potential difference and short-circuit current (scc, reflecting
      active transmural sodium transport) across the toad urinary bladder in vitro was
      unaffected by the presence of hypo-osmotic solutions bathing the mucosal
      (urinary) surface, providing that the transmural flow of water was small.
      Vasopressin increased the scc across the toad bladder (the natriferic response),
      but this stimulation was considerably reduced in the presence of a hypo-osmotic
      solution on the mucosal side, conditions under which water transfer across the
      membrane was also increased. This inhibition of the natriferic response did not
      depend on the direction of the water movement, for if the osmotic gradient was
      the opposite way to that which normally occurs, the response to vasopressin was
      still reduced. The natriferic response to cyclic AMP was also inhibited in the
      presence of an osmotic gradient. Aldosterone increased the scc and Na+ transport
      across the toad bladder but this response was not changed when an osmotic
      gradient was present. The physiological implications of these observations and
      the possible mechanisms involved are discussed.

PMID- 172581
TI  - The biosynthesis of hormones by non-endocrine tumours--a review.

PMID- 172582
TI  - Levels of corticotrophin analogues in the blood after infusion into rats.
AB  - An isolated rat adrenal cell bioassay was used to measure blood concentrations in
      rats after infusion of synthetic human ACTH, corticotrophin-(1-24)
      tetracosapeptide or [D-Ser1, Lys17, Lys18]corticotrophin-(1-18)-octadecapeptide
      amide. Lower blood levels were found with the 1-24 peptide than with human ACTH
      and the highest levels were found with the 1-18 peptide. These results suggest
      that the 1-24 peptide which is almost equipotent with natural ACTH in vivo may be
      more potent at the receptor and corroborate findings to this effect obtained with
      isolated adrenal cells. The high potency and prolonged action of the 1-18
      analogue in vivo are also explained by these results. Low arterial blood
      concentrations of the 1-24 peptide and human ACTH were found during infusion,
      suggesting that substantial inactivation must be occurring in a single passage
      through the lungs. The effects of renal ligature on blood concentrations
      indicated that the kidney is involved in handling the 1-18 peptide and that human
      ACTH is also cleared by this organ. After infusion the fall in blood
      concentrations was biphasic. It is suggested that the rapid phase is due to
      clearance of peptides in the circulation which results in a fall to lower blood
      concentrations which are sustained by slow release of peptide from binding sites
      which act as a depot.

PMID- 172583
TI  - [Neurulation and interkinetic nuclear migration in the chick embryo (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Neurulation and interkinetic nuclear migration was studied in cells of the
      forming neural tube of chick embryos submitted to a variety of treatments. Our
      results show that cytochalasin B (5 mug/ml) does not protect microtubules against
      disruption occurring after 3 h at 2 degrees C nor does it prevent their
      repolymerization once they are cold-disrupted. However, db-cAMP protects
      microtubules against such cold disruption. We indicate that the inhibitory effect
      of cytochalasin B on interkinetic nuclear migration cannot be ascribed to an
      effect on microtubules.

PMID- 172584
TI  - Effects of helium and other inert gases on Echinosphaerium nucleofilium
      (protozoa, heliozoa).
AB  - The effects of helium, nitrogen, argon and krypton on Echinosphaerium nucleofilum
      (Heliozoa) have been studied at partial pressures of 10-130 atm. Additional
      experiments have been carried out with hydrostatic pressure alone. Helium causes
      shortening of the axopods over the whole range of pressures, and damage to the
      cell body at pressures of 60-90 atm, both with a maximum at 80 atm. These effects
      cannot be explained in terms of hydrostatic pressure alone; a 'pressure reversal'
      effect may be operating, causing the peak at 80 atm. Nitrogen also causes both
      cell damage and axopod shortening, the severity increasing with increasing
      pressure. Argon and krypton cause cell damage but no shortening. The order of
      potency for cell damage is krypton greater than argon greater than nitrogen
      greater than helium. It is suggested that there may be tuo sites of action,
      possibly the microtubules (for axopod shortening) and the cell membrane (for cell
      damage). In appropriate mixtures of helium and argon, both the cell damage
      usually caused by argon, and the axopod shortening usually caused by helium, are
      prevented. Possible mechanisms include the effects of hydrostatic pressure on gas
      solubility coefficients, reversal of the effects of the gases by the increase in
      total pressure, and competition for sites of action.

PMID- 172585
TI  - Lymphocyte E rosette inhibitory factor: a regulatory serum lipoprotein.
AB  - Rosette inhibitory factor, RIF, previously described in serum from patients with
      hepatitis B virus infection, has been isolated and identified as a minor species
      of beta-lipoprotein of the low-density (LDL) class. It is unrelated to hepatitis
      B virus proteins or particles. Although discrete by reference to charge and
      density (1.050 +/- 0.004 g/cm3), RIF appears to be a complex macromolecular
      structure containing apolipoproteins A, B, and C. Greater than 400% recovery is
      achieved upon 300,000-fold purification from RIF+ sera suggesting activation of a
      precursor form that is not present in normal serum. RIF inhibits E rosette
      function of T lymphocytes in vitro with a lag period of approximately 4 h and
      maximal effect at 24 h consistent with a metabolically-induced event. RIF is
      functionally active at concentrations of 1 X 10(-12) M or greater, rapidly binds
      to lymphocytes, and has a functionally effective half-life of approximately 1.5
      h. Approximately 2,900 receptors for RIF appear to be present per cell and a high
      mutual affinity is apparent (k approximately to 9 X 10(10) liters/mol). RIF has
      no detectable effect on mitogen (PHA) responsiveness of lymphocytes, but inhibits
      the capacity of lymphocytes to respond to histoincompatible cells in vitro at
      concentrations greater than 10(-8) M. Equivalent RIF- lipoprotein fractions from
      normal serum are equally inhibitory in the mixed lymphocyte reaction suggesting
      that this effect is not directly attributable to RIF activity. These data
      indicate that RIF is a unique and functionally specific species of LDL that
      represents either an association complex of lipoproteins or a hybrid molecule of
      unusual composition. The association of this factor with viral-induced
      hepatocellular injury underscores the need to elucidate its structure and
      function in greater detail.

PMID- 172586
TI  - Endogenous oncornaviral gene expression in adult and fetal mice: quantitative,
      histologic, and physiologic studies of the major viral glycorprotein, gp70.
AB  - Endogenous expression of the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) genome has been studied
      in a number of strains of mice. Expression of the major envelope glycoprotein,
      gp70, is restricted to certain anatomical sites and cell types, prominent among
      which are lymphoid and epithelial cells. On a quantitative basis, the major site
      of gp70 expression is the male genital tract. During development, gp70 first
      appears in the hematopoietic liver of 14-day-old embryos and by day 18, it is
      already expressed at anatomical sites similar to those of the adult. In toto,
      these results show that control of expression of the MuLV genome in adult and
      developing mice is linked to differentiation.

PMID- 172588
TI  - Comparative studies of purinergic nerves.
AB  - Purinergic nerves supply the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including
      fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds, as well as mammals. Their cell bodies are
      located in Auerbach's plexus and their axons extend in an anal direction before
      innervating mainly the circular muscle coat. In the stomach they are controlled
      by preganglionic cholinergic fibres of parasympathetic origin. They are involved
      in "receptive relaxation" of the stomach, "descending inhibition" in peristalsis
      and reflex relaxation of oesophageal and internal anal sphincters. The terminal
      varicosities of purinergic nerves are characterised by a predominance of "large
      opaque vesicles," which can be distinguished from the "large granular vesicles"
      found in small numbers in both adrenergic and cholinergic nerves. Stimulation of
      purinergic nerves with single pulses produces hyperpolarisations of up to 25 mV
      (inhibitory junction potentials) in smooth muscle cells. These potentials are
      unaffected by atropine, adrenergic neuron blocking agents or sympathetic
      denervation, but are abolished by tetrodotoxin. The "rebound contraction" which
      characteristically follows cessation of purinergic nerve stimulation is probably
      due to prostaglandin. Evidence that ATP is the transmitter released from
      purinergic nerves includes: (1) synthesis and storage of ATP in nerves; (2)
      release of ATP from the nerves when they are stimulated; (3) exogenously applied
      ATP mimicking the action of nerve-released transmitter, both producing a specific
      increase in K+ conductance; (4) the presence of Mg-activated ATPase, 5'
      nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase, enzymes which inactivate ATP; (5) drugs
      (including quinidine, some 2-substituted imidazolines, 2-2'pyridylisatogen and
      dipyridamole) which produce similar blocking or potentiating effects on the
      response to exogenously applied ATP and nerve stimulation. Speculations are made
      about the evolution and development of the nervous system, including the
      possibility that purinergic nerves are a primitive nerve type.

PMID- 172587
TI  - Relationship of infectious murine leukemia virus and virus-related antigens in
      genetic crosses between AKR and the Fv-1 compatible strain C57L.
AB  - In a further genetic study of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) and its components we
      examined the backcross C57L X (C57L X AKR). This population was selected because
      strains AKR and C57L are both Fv-1n, and the restriction which the Fu-1b allele
      imposes on the output of virus was thereby obviated. The segregants were scored
      for three characters: (a) infectious Gross-AKR-type MuLV (V), in the tail; (b)
      group-specific antigen indicative of p30 internal viral protein, in spleen; and
      (c) GIX antigen, now thought to be indicative of gp69/71 viral envelope
      glycoprotein, on thymocytes. Our conclusions are: (a) It is confirmed that the
      AKR mouse has two unlinked chromosomal genes, Akv-1 and Akv-2, each of which can
      independently give rise to the life-long high output of MuLV that is
      characteristic of AKR mice. (b) Of the eight phenotypes that could possibly be
      derived from segregation of the three pairs of independent alternative traits,
      seven were observed, but on progeny testing only three were shown to reflect
      stably heritable genotypes; these were V+p30+GIX+ and V-p30-GIX- (the parental
      types) and V-p30+GIX+. A third, newly identified AKR gene, designated Akvp,
      segregating independently of Akv-1 and Akv-2, also determines expression of p30
      and GIX but in this case independently of XC-detectable MuLV. (c) The four
      remaining observed phenotypes, which did not breed true on progeny testing,
      involved mostly antigen-negative parents yielding antigen-positive progeny; it is
      likely that these discrepancies represented suppression of phenotype by a
      maternal resistance factor.

PMID- 172589
TI  - Comparative physiology and the challenge of design.
AB  - Analysis of the complexity of biological organization commonly takes us through
      an initial and necessary stage of over-simplification towards the ultimate goal
      of an appreciation of the subtle intricacy of nature. One example of this is that
      recent advances in studies of the phosphagens have failed to confirm earlier
      hopes that the distribution of these substances could be used to confirm
      phylogenetic relationships. It is now suggested that a previously unrecognized
      factor influencing this distribution may be competing demands for arginine in the
      development of the testes. Another illustration is the belief that the presence
      of iodine in ascidians may provide a clue to the origin of thyroidal
      biosynthesis. This belief is probably sound, but the presence of abundant iodine
      in the tunic may well be a false trail. More significant is the presence of much
      smaller amounts of bound iodine in the endostyle, where its presence is probably
      correlated with specialized protein metabolism associated with the ciliary
      feeding mechanism. A third illustration, discussed in more detail, is provided by
      recent recognition that the gut is a major component of the vertebrate endocrine
      system. This lays open attractive fields of research, ranging from problems of
      molecular and hormonal evolution to aspects of fish farming and the physiology of
      gut parasites. The need is thus plain for breadth of perspective in comparative
      physiological research, and for recognition that the ultimate concern of the
      biologist is with the life and relationships of the whole organism.

PMID- 172591
TI  - Morphological and enzymatic changes of chick embryo induced by beta-bungarotoxin.

PMID- 172590
TI  - Failure of gonadotropins to induce in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes treated
      with dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
AB  - In sufficient concentration, dibutyryl cAMP (DBC) prevents the spontaneous in
      vitro maturation of mouse oocytes. The effects of luteinizing hormone (LH) and
      follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on this inhibition were tested in an oil-free
      chamber-slide culture system. Mouse oocytes devoid of cumulus cells were
      incubated in the presence of DBC and/or gonadotropins. Oocytes cultured with
      follicle cells were similarly treated. Whether follicle cells were present or
      absent, DBC (100 or 500 mug/ml) prevented germinal vesicle breakdown in more than
      95% of the oocytes cultured. Neither LH nor FSH in a wide range of concentrations
      acted directly on the oocytes or indirectly through the follicle cells to
      initiate maturation in oocytes incubated with 100 mug DBC/ml. The combination of
      LH (5 mug/ml) and FSH (10 mug/ml) was also ineffective in overcoming the block
      induced by either 100 or 50 mug DBC/ml. Maturation of oocytes in each of the DBC
      free LH or FSH treatments was comparable to that occurring in control medium
      which did not contain exogenous gonadotropins or DBC. It was concluded that
      cultured oocytes treated with DBC are not a satisfactory model for studying the
      steps by which gonadotropins trigger the resumption of meiosis in mammalian
      oocytes.

PMID- 172592
TI  - Food poisoning signs in mice induced orally by Clostridium perfringens type A
      enterotoxin.

PMID- 172593
TI  - Oral infection and food poisoning syndrome in mice by enterotoxigenic Clostridium
      perfringens type A.

PMID- 172594
TI  - Mach bands in the lateral eye of Limulus.
AB  - Patterns of optic nerve activity were computed for stationary step patterns of
      illumination from theoretical models of lateral inhibiton based on revised
      Hartlin-Ratliff equations. The computed response patterns contain well-defined
      Mach bands which match closely in amplitude and shape those recorded from single
      optic nerve fibers of the Limulus lateral eye. Theory and experiment show that
      the amplitude of the Mach bands is reduced by in inhibitory nonlinearity, the
      width of the Mach bands is approximately equal to the lateral dimension of the
      inhibitory field, but the shapes of the Mach bands are poor indices of the
      precise configuration of the inhibitory field. Theorems are proved establishing
      the equivalence of Mach-band patterns for models of different dimensions and a
      uniqueness condition for solutions of the piecewise linear model.

PMID- 172595
TI  - Sodium chloride transport by rabbit gallbladder. Direct evidence for a coupled
      NaCl influx process.
AB  - The results of the present study that NaCl transport by in vitro rabbit
      gallbladder must be a consequence of a neutral coupled carrier-mediated mechanism
      that ultimately results in the active absorption of both ions; pure electrical
      coupling between the movements of Na and Cl can be excluded on the grounds of
      electrphysiologic considerations. Studies on the unidirectional influxes of Na
      and Cl have localized the site of this coupled mechanism to the mucosal
      membranes. Studies on the intracellular ion concentrations and the intracellular
      electrical potential are consistent with the notion that (a) the coupled NaCl
      influx process results in the movement of Cl from the mucosal solution into the
      cell against an apparent electrochemical potential difference; (b) the energy for
      the uphill movement of Cl is derived from the Na gradient across the mucosal
      membrane which is maintained by an active Na extrusion mechanism located at the
      basolateral membranes; and (c) Cl exit from the cell across the basolateral
      membranes is directed down an electrochemical potential gradient and may be
      diffusional. Finally, as for the case of rabbit ileum, the coupled NaCl influx
      process is inhibited by elevated intracellular levels of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate. A working model for transcellular and paracellular NaCl transport
      by in vitro rabbit gallbladder is proposed.

PMID- 172597
TI  - Receiver operating characteristic analysis. Application to the study of quantum
      fluctuation effects in optic nerve of Rana pipiens.
AB  - Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of nerve messages is described.
      The hypothesis that quantum fluctuations provide the only limit to the ability of
      frog ganglion cells to signal luminance change information is examined using ROC
      analysis. In the context of ROC analysis, the quantum fluctuation hypothesis
      predicts (a) the detectability of a luminance change signal should rise
      proportionally to the size of the change, (b) detectability should decrease as
      the square root of background, an implication of which is the deVries-Rose law,
      and (c) ROC curves should exhibit a shape particular to underlying Poisson
      distributions. Each of these predictions is confirmed for the responses of
      dimming ganglion cells to brief luminance decrements at scotopic levels, but none
      could have been tested using classical nerve message analysis procedures.

PMID- 172598
TI  - The respiratory system of Chromobacterium violaceum grown under conditions of
      high and low cyanide evolution.
AB  - The particulate fraction of disrupted Chromobacterium violaceum grown under
      cyanide-evolving conditions was unable to oxidize ascorbate plus N,N,N',N'-tetra
      methyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), but oxidized NADH and succinate by a linear
      respiratory pathway which was very resistant to inhibition by cyanide. When the
      bacteria were grown under conditions where little cyanide evolution occurred,
      particulate fractions developed the ability to oxidize ascorbate-TMPD by a
      pathway highly sensitive to cyanide inhibition; respiratory activity with NADH
      and succinate proceeded via both the cyanide-sensitive and-resistant pathways.
      Studies with respiratory inhibitors, and the cytochrome compositions of the
      fractions derived from cultures grown under both conditions, are presented. A
      soluble, carbon monoxide-binding cytochrome c was found, and this appears similar
      to those found recently in Beneckea natiegens, methylotrophic bacteria and the
      marine pseudomonad B16.

PMID- 172596
TI  - Human platelet secretion and aggregation induced by calcium ionophores.
      Inhibition by PGE1 and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
AB  - Ca2+, Mg2+-ionophores X537A and A23,187 (10(-7)-10(-6) M) induced the release of
      adenine nucleotides adenosine diphosphate (ADP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
      serotonin, beta-glucuronidase, Ca2+, and Mg2+ from washed human platelets.
      Enzymes present in the cytoplasm or mitochondria, and Zn2+ were not released. The
      rate of ATP and Ca2+ release measured by firefly lantern extract and murexide
      dye, respectively, was equivalent to that produced by the physiological stimulant
      thrombin. Ionophore-induced release of ADP, and serotonin was substantially
      (approximately 60%) but not completely inhibited by EGTA, EDTA, and high
      extracellular Mg2+, without significant reduction of Ca2+ release. The ionophore
      induced release reaction is therefore partly dependent upon uptake of
      extracellular Ca2+ (demonstrated using 45Ca), but also occurs to a significant
      extent due to release into the cytoplasm of intracellular Ca2+. The ionophore
      induced release reaction and aggregation of platelets could be blocked by
      prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The effects of PGE1, and N6, O2
      dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid (dibutyryl cAMP) were
      synergistically potentiated by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophylline. It
      is proposed that Ca2+ is the physiological trigger for platelet secretion and
      aggregation and that its intracellular effects are strongly modulated by
      adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid (cyclic AMP).

PMID- 172599
TI  - Genes involved in the uptake and catabolism of gluconate by Escherichia coli.
AB  - The isolation and properties of a mutant of Escherichia coli K12 that is totally
      unable to take up and utilize gluconate are described. Genetical analysis shows
      this phenotype to be associated with two lesions. One phenotype, designated GntM
      , is the result of a mutation in a gene co-transducible with malA; the other,
      designated GNTS-, is the result of a mutation in a gene (GntS) co-transducible
      with fdp. The GntS--phenotype differs little from that of wild-type cells, but
      GntM- GntS+ organisms grow on gluconate only after a prolonged lag and form a
      gluconate uptake system that is strongly repressed by pyruvate. Moreover, such
      GntM- mutants readily give rise to further mutants that form a gluconate uptake
      system, gluconate kinase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase consititutively; in
      partial diploids, this constitutivity is recessive to the inducible character. It
      is postulated that the GntM- phenotype is due to malfunction of a negative
      control gene gntR, and that gntS+ specifies the activity of a gluconate uptake
      system.

PMID- 172600
TI  - Lipopolysaccharide as receptor for rhizobium phage 1P.

PMID- 172601
TI  - The activity of polymyxins against dense populations of Escherichia coli.
AB  - The activities of polymyxin B sulphate, colistin (polymyxin E) sulphate and their
      sulphomethyl derivatives were compared by continuous turbidimetric monitoring of
      dense cultures of an Escherichia coli strain exposed to these agents. Judged by
      the concentration of antibiotic which caused a rapid fall in opacity of the
      culture, polymyxin B sulphate and colistin sulphate had similar activities, but
      the sulphomethyl compounds differed considerably: sulphomyxin sodium induced
      lysis of the culture at a concentration four times that of the parent compound,
      whereas colistin sulphomethate sodium induced a delayed fall in opacity
      consistent with recruitment of activity as the inactive sulphomethyl derivative
      was broken down to the parent compound. Durign overnight incubation, regrowth of
      cultures which had initially succumbed to polymyxin action occurred, apparently
      due to the selection of phenotypically resistant variants from within the
      population. In this way cultures could easily be adapted to growth in
      concentrations of antibiotic well above the conventionally-determined minimum
      inhibitory concentration. The comparative ease of adaptation was in the order:
      colistin sulphomethate greater than sulphomyxin greater than colistin sulphate
      greater than polymyxin B sulphate.

PMID- 172602
TI  - Loss of cytochrome oxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during inhibition of
      mitochondrial protein synthesis by erythromycin and chloramphenicol.
AB  - There is a major reduction in respiratory competence, and inhibitionof growth,
      several hours after the addition of erythromycin or chloramphenicol to
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing in medium containing a non-fermentable carbon
      source. Spectrographic evidence is presented for a loss of cytochrome oxidase as
      a consequence of the antibiotic treatment. This loss is prevented by cyanide or
      oligomycin. When glucose is added, however, the loss occurs irrespective of the
      presence of the respiratory inhibitors. Cycloheximide does not affect respiratory
      competence or cause loss of cytochrome oxidase, and it prevents the loss elicited
      by erythromycin if both compounds are added together. However, if cycloheximide
      is added some time after the addition of erythromycin, it fails to block the
      response to the latter drug. The results cannot be accounted for on the basis of
      the segregation of a finite number of mitochondria into an increasing number of
      progeny cells but, rather, suggest that the mitochondria are modified during
      growth in chloramphenicol or erythromycin.

PMID- 172603
TI  - Decreased rate of glucose utilization by rat brain in vivo after exposure to
      atmospheres containing high concentrations of CO2.

PMID- 172604
TI  - Proteolytic digestion of bovine brain white matter proteolipid.

PMID- 172605
TI  - Alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase in brain of rats from a colony fed dilute ethanol for
      many generations.

PMID- 172606
TI  - The exchange of phosphatidylcholine and of phosphatidylinositol in sheep brain.

PMID- 172607
TI  - Increase in cyclic AMP levels and vasopressin release in response to angiotensin
      I in neurohypophyses: blockade following inhibition of the converting enzyme.

PMID- 172608
TI  - Alveolar hypoventilation and hyperosmnia in myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - A case of myotonic dystrophy accompanied by alveolar hypoventilation and
      hypersomnia is presented. Radiological studies and EMG examination of the
      intercostal muscles demonstrated that the respiratory muscles were affected by
      the disease, while polygraphic recordings showed that the alveolar
      hypoventilation and pulmonary hypertension worsened during sleep. The hypersomnia
      preceded the appearance of clinical signs of the muscular disease by many years
      and persisted even after treatment when the blood gas analysis values were
      greatly improved. During both diurnal and nocturnal sleep, the patient frequently
      fell asleep directly into a REM stage. The possibility is discussed that,
      concomitant with the respiratory musculature involvement, there is an alteration
      in the central nervous system in myotonic dystrophy which is at least partially
      responsible for both the alveolar hypoventilation and the hypersomnia.

PMID- 172610
TI  - An ultramicroscopic study of the skin in the diagnosis of the  infantile and late
      infantile types of ceroid-lipofuscinosis.
AB  - A skin biopsy was carried out in two children suffering from early infantile
      (Santavuori) and late infantile (Jansky-Bielschowsky) types of ceroid
      lipofuscinosis. In both cases cytoplasmic inclusions, identical with those found
      in neurones, were present in the skin. Skin biopsy thus appears as a simple
      technique for the diagnosis of the ceroid-lipofuscinoses.

PMID- 172609
TI  - Significance of muscle biopsies in neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses.
AB  - Muscle specimens obtained at necropsy from four cases of neuronal ceroid
      lipofuscinosis (NCL), three of the juvenile and one of the late infantile type,
      and a muscle biopsy from a fifth patient with the juvenile type of NCL, all
      showed curvilinear bodies typical of NCL within the muscle fibres. The pigments
      were autofluorescent. It appears that skeletal muscle is a reliable tissue source
      for the diagnosis of these disorders by biopsy.

PMID- 172611
TI  - Effects of collagenase upon the intervertebral disc in monkeys.
AB  - The authors studied 5 rhesus monkeys for the effects of annulotomy, with or
      without the addition of a bacterially-derived collagenase into the nuclear
      evacuated centrum of lumbar intervertebral discs. The animals were sacrificed
      from 3 weeks to 21 months after the single or staged double procedures. The
      earliest radiographic changes were loss of height of the interspace at 7 days,
      erosion of the vertebral body margins at 3 weeks, malalignment at 6 weeks,
      osteophytic formation at 3 1/2 months, sclerosis of vertebral body surfaces at 9
      1/2 months, and fusion of adjacent vertebral bodies at 13 1/2 months.
      Pathological changes included early loss of disc convexity, focal new home
      formation, osteophytic new growth, through-and-through bone formation, irregular
      cystification, and disc replacement by hyaline fibrous tissue. Changes were
      reminiscent of those seen in humans with naturally acquired disc disease or aging
      of the disc. Injuries were produced in a tissue that probably has a limited scope
      of variation in reaction to insult.

PMID- 172612
TI  - Measurement of acute myocardial infarcts in dogs with 99mTc-stannous
      pyrophosphate scintigrams.
AB  - Myocardial scintigrams using 99mTc-stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) can be used
      to measure myocardial infarcts produced in dogs by proximal ligation of the left
      anterior descending coronary artery. Seven dogs had 99mTc-PYP myocardial
      scintigraphy performed 24--32 hr after ligation of the proximal left anterior
      artery. In each dog the scintigrams showed increased 99mTc-PYP uptake in the
      distribution of the artery. The scintigraphically visible areas of infarction,
      measured using interactive computer-aided techniques, were compared subsequently
      with independent histologic measurements of myocardial infarct size. Several
      methods for using the area measurements to estimate infarct size were tested. The
      most successful method (r = 0.92, p less than 0.01) assumed a linear relationship
      between the largest scintigraphic infarct area and the histologically determined
      infarct weight. The results suggest that 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigrams provide
      a useful noninvasive method for measuring infarct size in dogs with proximal
      ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.

PMID- 172613
TI  - Effect of unilateral pulmonary hypovascularity on the bone scan: case report.
AB  - Two patients who had decreased pulmonary artery blood flow to the right lung
      showed increased clarity of rib detail on a bone scan over the affected
      hemithorax as contrasted with the uninvolved side. Decreased blood background is
      postulated to result in enhancement of rib detail on the affected side.

PMID- 172614
TI  - Ovarian carcinoma imaged by 99mTc-pyrophosphate: case report.
AB  - An ovarian carcinoma which avidly accumulated 99mTc-pyrophosphate was imaged
      during a bone scan. The primary tumor and its implants over the liver surface
      were both visualized. Although imaging of such an ovarian malignancy has not been
      previously reported, it offers a potential method for assessing neoplastic size
      and spread.

PMID- 172615
TI  - Profile of a continuing care program emphasizing discharge planning.

PMID- 172616
TI  - Enzyme activities in the epidermis of zinc-deficient rats.
AB  - Fifteen enzymes participating in epidermal energy metabolism in zinc-deficient
      and -supplemented rats were assayed utilizing fluorometric microchemical
      techniques. In the zinc-deficient group, the activities of six enzymes catalyzing
      glycolysis decreased by 30 to 50% of the control; the most dramatic decreases
      were found in phosphofructokinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
      Zinc deficiency caused a 31% decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, a 63% decrease in fumarate hydratase, a 46% decrease in glutamate
      dehydrogenase, and a 30 to 40% decrease in aminotransferases.

PMID- 172618
TI  - Synovial sarcoma of the neck: report of case.
AB  - Synovial sarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm that usually arises in the extremities
      and rarely in the head and neck. A case arising in the neck has been reported
      herein. The tumor is composed of two intimately associated cellular patterns; one
      resembles synovial structures and the other resembles fibrosarcoma. The tumor is
      fairly slow growing and is fairly well circumscribed but not actually
      encapsulated. There is a predilection for males; most occur in the third through
      fifth decades of life. Recurrence follows inadequate therapy. Although local
      excision was the therapy used in this case, the patient is alive and free of
      disease 30 months postoperatively.

PMID- 172617
TI  - Effects of quantity and quality of dietary protein and variation in certain
      enzyme activities on glucose metabolism in the rat.
AB  - This study attempted to determine whether the quantity and the quality of protein
      intake could influence the activity of some enzymes involved in carbohydrate
      metabolism. Thus, adult rats were fed for 23 days a diet containing different
      levels (10 to 70%) and qualities (casein, wheat gluten, and egg yolk) of protein.
      Variations in liver enzyme activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphatase
      (G6Pase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were studied. Also the
      changes in enzyme activities were compared with changes in food intake and body
      weight gain. Increasing the protein level produced a progressive fall in the
      activities of ME and PK. The decrease in PK activity was greater when the
      biological value of the dietary proteins was higher (P less than 0.05). On the
      other hand, the activities of G6PDH and PEPCK increased as the protein level
      increased. The activity of G6Pase was unchanged. The relationship between the two
      opposing enzyme activities PK and PEPCK, in relation to protein intake, shows
      that for each protein studied, the equilibrium between glycolysis and
      gluconeogenesis was obtained at different protein intakes (1.5, 1.9, and 2.2 g of
      protein/day/100 g of body weight, respectively, for egg yolk, casein, and wheat
      gluten) regardless of daily consumption of energy as carbohydrate, which are
      similar (8 to 9 kcal/day/100 g of body weight). This equilibrium also
      corresponded to the maximum weight gain (5 g) of the experimental animals. In
      conclusion, the experimental method used permits a simultaneous assessment of the
      protein and carbohydrate requirements ensuring the best weight gain in young
      adult rats.

PMID- 172619
TI  - The pathology of type II skeletal muscle glycogenosis. A light and electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - Muscle biopsies were obtained from three infants under the age of 12 mth, each of
      whom was diagnosed as having Pompe's disease. The biopsies revealed a severe
      vacuolar myopathy with accumulation of large amounts of PAS positive material
      within the muscle fibres, changes similar to those in adult cases of the disease.
      In addition large amounts of metachromatic material were found within the muscle
      fibres in all three cases and in two of them scattered, rather sparse
      perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates were seen in the interstitial tissue. Review
      of material previously obtained from two adult cases showed no accumulation of
      metachromatic material in the older case and only moderate amounts in the
      younger. However, dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates were seen in the
      former, some concentrated around small vessels. These observations suggest that
      the pathogenesis of the muscle disorder in acid maltase deficiency may not depend
      on abnormal glycogen storage only.

PMID- 172620
TI  - On the nature of particles lining the excretory ducts of pseudophyllidean
      cestodes.

PMID- 172622
TI  - Immunofluorescent staining of amebae in routine paraffin-embedded tissues.

PMID- 172621
TI  - Lethality of disrupted intestinal lamina propia cells for Trichinella spiralis in
      vitro.
AB  - The possible direct role of inflammatory cells in resistance to Trichinella
      spiralis was studied by observing the effects of lamina propria cells from the
      small intestine (LP cells) of immunized rats on various stages of the parasite.
      Effects produced by physically disrupted cells were compared to those produced by
      intact cells on worms exposed to phytohemagglutinin or immune serum. LP cells
      were isolated from the rat intestine by collagenase digestion of everted gut
      segments that were previously denuded of epithelium by treatment with
      hyaluronidase. Disrupted cells, but not intact ones, selectively killed T.
      spiralis juvenile and adult worms in vitro, whereas larvae were unaffected by
      similar treatment. Attempts to identify the lethal component of disrupted cells
      led to an evaluation of the enzyme, peroxidase. Mucosal peroxidase is localized
      in LP cells and its activity increases several-fold during intestinal
      trichinosis. It is presumed to be myeloperoxidase, a particulate-bound enzyme of
      myeloid-derived leukocytes that functions as part of a potent antimicrobial
      system in combination with H2O2 and a halide. Results indicated that the
      vermicidal component of LP cells was associated with the pellet fraction of
      disrupted centrifuged LP cells, but was not linked to a peroxidase-H2O2-halide
      system.

PMID- 172623
TI  - Acylation of phenol by cyclic and acyclic anhydrides in anhydrous acetic acid.
AB  - Acylation of phenol with succinic, glutaric, trans-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic,
      maleic, phthalic, and cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydrides in anhydrous
      acetic acid generally resulted in phenyl acetate as the major product. The
      formation of phenyl acetate as the major reaction product could be rationalized
      as being due to the reactivity of the cyclic anhydrides with acetic acid to form
      acetic anhydride as well as the greater reactivity of phenol with formed acetic
      anhydride than with the cyclic anhydride.

PMID- 172624
TI  - Effects of choroid plexus peptide IIF on adenylate cyclase and 3',5'-cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate in adipose tissue.
AB  - Two hypophyseal lipolytic peptides, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and beta
      melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH), and the extrhypophyseal lipolytic
      peptide IIF, were compared with regard to their effects on free fatty acid
      production and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration in
      isolated rabbit and rat adipose tissue, and on adenylate cyclase activity in the
      tissue homogenates. ACTH at concentrations of 0.01 mug/ml or more increased
      lipolysis and cAMP levels in both tissues. beta-MSH at concentrations of 0.001
      mug/ml or more increased lipolysis and cAMP in the rabbit tissue, but a
      concentration of 10 mug/ml did not stimulate lipolysis and did not alter
      nucleotide concentration in the rat tissue. Peptide IIF at 0.01 mug/ml or more
      stimulated lipolysis in rabbit adipose tissue and caused an accumulation of cAMP.
      A concentration of 100 mug/ml failed to stimulate free fatty acid production in
      the rat tissue and the cAMP level was also unaffected. In a medium containing 7.6
      mEq/l of Mg++ and no Ca++, ACTH at 0.1 mug/ml or more stimulated adenylate
      cyclase activity in both rabbit and rat adipose homogenates by 6- to 12-fold.
      This effect was inhibited when Mg++ was replaced by Ca++, Na+ or K+. beta-MSH
      stimulated adenylate cyclase in rabbit, but not in rat, adipose homogenate in
      Mg++-containing incubation midium; again, the effect on rabbit adenylate cyclase
      was suppressed when Mg++ was replaced by Ca++, Na+ or K+. Peptide IIF failed to
      influence adenylate cyclase in the rabbit tissue homogenate in the Mg++
      containing, Ca++-free medium; but when the medium contained 7.6 mEq/l of Ca++ in
      place of Mg++, 0.1 mug/ml or more of IIF caused a 4- to 15-fold increase in
      cyclase activity. IIF did not affect cyclase in the rat tissue homogenate in the
      presence or absence of Ca++. The data are consistent with the conclusion that
      extrahypophyseal lipolytic peptide IIF, as well as hypophyseal peptides ACTH and
      beta-MSH, accelerates lipolysis in susceptible adipocytes by stimulating
      adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP. The effect of IIF on cyclase requires the
      presence of exogenous Ca++; that of ACTH and beta-MSH requires exogenous Mg++.

PMID- 172625
TI  - Effect of albuterol and terbutaline, synthetic beta adrenergic stimulants, on the
      cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate system in smooth muscle.
AB  - The effect of albuterol and terbutaline on the cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate (cAMP) system was studied in rat uterus, aorta and myocardium and
      in dog bronchus, and was compared to that of isoproterenol in order to determine
      whether the tissue specificity observed in their functional effects is reflected
      in their effect on the cAMP system. Tissue specimens were either homogenized in
      Tris buffer for enzyme activity measurements or incubated in Krebs-Ringer
      bicarbonate medium with the test drugs. Both albuterol and terbutaline produce an
      increase in cAMP content in the tissues due to a direct effect on adenylate
      cyclase. This effect can be potentiated by a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and
      antagonized by a beta adrenergic blocking compound. The cAMP response to each
      beta adrenergic agonist differs in the tissues examined: in uterus and aorta
      where the maximal effects are idenitcal, the ED50 values may reflect differences
      in affinity which may account for the different cAMP response to the compounds at
      the lower concentrations. In bronchus and myocardium, both the maximum effect and
      ED50 values of the compounds are different. Albuterol and terbutaline increases
      cAMP content in bronchus significantly and have only a small effect on cAMP cont
      in myocardium, whereas isoproterenol increases cAMP level significantly in both
      tissues. The results indicate that the tissue specificity of albuterol and
      terbutaline may have its origin at the level of the cAMP system.

PMID- 172626
TI  - The aortic arch baroreceptor response to static and dynamic stretches in an
      isolated aorta-depressor nerve preparation of cats in vitro.
AB  - 1. The aortic arch baroreceptors of cats were studied in an isolated aortic arch
      depressor nerve preparation in vitro to analyse their transmission properties. 2.
      Sinusoidal length changes of varying amplitudes (0-34-1-2 mm) and frequencies (1
      10 Hz) at a given pre-stretch were imposed on the isolated receptor zone to
      quantitate the velocity sensitivity of these receptors and to test the linearity
      of the system. 3. The receptor response was evaluated from the spike activity of
      single fibres of the depressor nerve in number of spikes per stimulus period,
      average discharge rate, instantaneous frequency, and phase angle between forcing
      function and instantaneous frequency. 4. The static response is characterized by
      a threshold, saturation range, and a relatively large linear part between these
      two non-linearities. 5. The aortic receptors exhibit rate sensitivity. Depending
      on the stimulus amplitude and frequency the phase angles between the forcing
      function and the instantaneous frequency ranged from -14 to -68 degrees. 6. The
      average discharge rate (spikes/sec) is sensitive to stimulus amplitude but not to
      stimulus frequency at near-threshold operation; in the linear part of the static
      response curve, the receptor response becomes independent of the stimulus mode.
      7. The baroreceptors of the aorta share many properties with other
      mechanoreceptors of different species and organ systems, particularly with those
      of the rest of the circulation. They exhibit static and to some degree rate
      sensitivity and operate physiologically near their thresholds, i.e. the afferent
      arc of the baroreflexes is highly non-linear.

PMID- 172627
TI  - Fusion of host cell secondary lysosomes with the parasitophorous vacuoles of
      Leishmania mexicana-infected macrophages.
AB  - Secondary lysosomes of cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages were labeled with
      the electron-dense colloid saccharated iron oxide; the identity of the labeled
      structures was checked by the Gomori reaction for acid phosphatase. Amastigotes
      of Leishmania mexicana mexicana derived from mouse lesions were used to infect
      these macrophages in vitro. In electron micrographs of thin sections of infected
      macrophages the labeled secondary lysosomes were seen fused with the
      parasitophorous vacuoles without preventing subsequent multiplication of the
      parasites. A similar fusion probably occurs in vivo, and may provide a pathway
      through which not only nutrients but also drugs and host antibodies could reach
      the intracellular parasite.

PMID- 172628
TI  - [Anxiety associated with hyperlipoproteinemia with and without obesity].

PMID- 172629
TI  - Changes in lipase and phosphatase activities of rat spermatozoa in transit from
      the caput to the cauda epididymidis.
AB  - Rat spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis, freed from their cytoplasmic
      droplets and acrosomes, were found to have a lower lipid content and to
      incorporate [14C]glucose into their glycerides and glycerophosphatides at a lower
      rate than spermatozoa from the caput epididymidis. Against the background of the
      activities of some glycolytic enzymes which remained constant the activity of
      alkaline phosphatase decreased in spermatozoa migrating through the epididymis,
      whereas the activity of monoglyceride lipase increased. The corresponding enzyme
      activities of non-flagellate germ cells of the testis were measured for
      comparison. The triglyceride lipase of non-flagellate germ cells and of
      spermatozoa from both caput and cauda epididymidis was activated by cyclic 3':5'
      AMP.

PMID- 172631
TI  - Synthesis and evaluation of (Des-Asp1)angiotensin I as a precursor for (Des
      Asp1)angiotensin II ("Angiotensin III").
AB  - The nonapeptide [des-Asp1]angiotensin I (IV), synthesized by Merrifield's solid
      phase procedure, was tested as a possible substrate for the converting enzymes
      from porcine lung and plasma. IV, [des-Asp1]angiotensin II (III), [des
      (Asp1,Arg2)]angiotensin II (V), [des-(Asp1,Arg2,Val3)]angiotensin II (VI),
      [Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II (VII), and [des-Asp1,Ile8]angiotensin II (VIII)
      possessed 0.5, 20, 2, 0 less than 0.1, and less than 0.01% of the inotropic
      activity (rabbit atria), 1, 15, 5, 0, 3, and 0% secretory activity of the cat
      adrenal medulla, and 0.0, 150, 0.5, 3, and 10% of the adrenal steroidogenic
      activity of angiotensin II, respectively. When tested for their antagonistic
      activity in the above tissues, only VII and VIII were found to inhibit responses
      to angiotensin II. The pA2 values for VII and VIII were 8.31 and 10.0 in the
      adrenal cortex and 9.31 and 9.16 in the adrenal medulla, respectively. All these
      peptides were also tested as product inhibitors for the plasma and lung
      converting enzymes. With the plasma enzyme, the ID50 values were II, 1.6 X 10(-4)
      M; III, 5 X 10(-5) M; V, 1.2 X 10(-4) M; VI 5 X 10(-4) M; VII 5 X 10(-5) M; VIII,
      5 X 10(-4) M. Thus, IV is a good substrate for converting enzymes from lung and
      plasma while all other compounds were inhibitors of these enzymes. The most
      potent inhibitors of converting enzyme were III followed by VII and VIII. With
      the exception of II and III, all the other analogs had very low intrinsic
      activities, per se. These results suggest (a) an alternate pathway for the
      formation of heptapeptide III, viz., by the action of converting enzyme on the
      nonapeptide IV, and (b) that III may also be acting as inhibitor of the
      converting enzyme by the feedback mechanism.

PMID- 172630
TI  - Stimulation and inhibition of granulocyte and mononuclear colony formation in
      vitro by conditioned medium from mouse peritoneal cells.

PMID- 172632
TI  - Synthesis of 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide and
      related 5'-deoxyimidazole ribonucleosides.
AB  - 5-Amino-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (1, AICA ribonucleoside)
      was converted in two steps to 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-5-iodo-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta
      D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (3) which was hydrogenated in the
      presence of Pd/C to yield 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D
      ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (4). The dehydration of 4 yielded 5-amino-1
      (5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile (7).
      The compounds 3, 4, and 7 were deblocked with formic acid to furnish 5-amino-1-(5
      deoxy-5-iodo-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (6). 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy
      beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (5), and 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-beta-D
      ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile (8), respectively. Compound 8 was
      acetylated and then deaminated to give 1-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-5-deoxy-beta-D
      ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile (11). The compounds 8 and 11 were
      converted into 5-amino-1-(5-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4
      thiocarboxamide (9) and 1-(5-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4
      thiocarboxamide (12), respectively. The synthesis of 1-(5-deoxy-beta-D
      ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (13) was achieved for the first time by the
      treatment of 11 with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ammonium hydroxide. The
      compounds were tested for antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity, with
      5 and 6 significantly inhibitory to Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 172634
TI  - Mechanism of inhibition of the proximal tubular isotonic fluid absorption by
      polylysine and other cationic polyamino acids.
AB  - The present study was initiated with the hope of clarifying the role of negative
      charges in the luminal brush border membrane in the overall process of trans
      epithelial isotonic sodium and water absorption. Using micropuncture techniques,
      cationic polyamino acids such as polylysine (mol wt 100,000, 17,000 and 1,500
      5,000, 1 mg/ml), tetralysine, polyornithine (mol wt 100,000, 1mg/ml),
      polyethyleneimine (2 mg/ml), polymyxin B (2 mg/ml), protamine sulfate (25 mg/ml)
      and histone (0.5 mg/ml) were perfused through the segments of rat kidney proximal
      tubule for 30 sec to 2 min. The rate of isotonic fluid absorption was measured
      before and after each perfusion with the Gertz's split drop method using Ringer's
      solution as a shrinking drop. Polylysine 100,000 and 17,000 and polyornithine
      were the most potent, inhibiting isotonic reabsorption by 93%. The sequence of
      inhibitory effect was: polylysine 100,000 congruent to polyornithine 100,000
      congruent to polylysine 17,000 greater than polyethyleneimine greater than
      polylysine 1,500-5,000 congruent to polymyxin B greater than protamine sulfate
      congruent to histone. In contrast, tetralysine (2 mg/ml) showed no inhibitory
      effect. Electrical potential difference (p.d.) of the proximal tubular cells was
      destroyed within 10 sec of luminal perfusion with polylysine 100,000 (1 mg/ml).
      Simultaneously with the drop in p.d., electrical resistance of the luminal brush
      border membrane was nearly totally eliminated, whereas transepithelial input
      resistance remained unaltered. Furthermore, trypan blue dye was taken up by
      polylysine 100,000-perfused tubular cells but not by normal cells. Expanding drop
      analysis (mannitol solution as a split drop) was performed as a screening test to
      examine if the permeability for water and sodium in the lateral paracellular
      pathway is altered by polylysine 100,000. No significant difference was observed
      in the velocity of split drop expansion between untreated and polylysine-perfused
      tubules. A lower concentration of polylysine 100,000 (0.1 mg/ml) showed a much
      less inhibitory effect on fluid absorption and on cell p.d. These observations
      indicate that the strong inhibition on proximal tubular fluid absorption exerted
      by polylysine and perhaps also by other cationic polyamino acids is due not to
      modification of membrane negative charges but to the lysis of tubular cells by
      these polycations.

PMID- 172633
TI  - Regulation of cellular calcium metabolism and calcium transport by calcitonin.
AB  - Calcitonin was studied in isolated kidney cells and in isolated mitochondria. A
      concentration of 10 ng/ml of synthetic calcitonin increases the cellular
      accumulation of 45Ca and the total cell calcium. The mitochondrial pool is
      increased several-fold. Kinetic analysis of the data shows that although the
      total cellular exchangeable calcium pool is enlarged, calcium influx and efflux
      are significantly depressed by calcitonin. The absence of phosphate or the
      presence of inhibitors of mitochondrial calcium transport completely abolish the
      effects of the hormone. In isolated mitochondria, the hormone stimulates the
      active calcium uptake and depresses the extramitochondrial calcium activity.
      Calcitonin counteracts the effects of cyclic AMP which stimulates the release of
      calcium from mitochondria and increases the extramitochondrial calcium activity.
      These data indicate that cellular calcium homeostasis is controlled by the
      mitochondrial calcium turnover. They suggest that calcitomin regulates the cell
      calcium metabolism and inhibits the transcellular calcium transport by
      stimulating the rate of calcium uptake by mitochondria which depresses
      cytoplasmic calcium activity.

PMID- 172635
TI  - Irreversible stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity of fat cell membranes of
      phosphoramidate and phosphonate analogs of GTP.
AB  - The ability of 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) to stimulate irreversibly
      the adenylate cyclease activity of fat cell membranes has been studied by
      preincubating the membranes with this or related analogs followed by assaying
      after thoroughly washing the membranes. Activation can occur in a simple Tris-HCl
      buffer, in the absence of added divalent cations and in the presence of EDTA.
      Dithiothreitol enhances the apparent degree of activation, perhaps by
      stabilization. The importance of utilizing optimal conditions for stabilizing
      enzyme activity, and of measuring the simultaneous changes in the control enzyme,
      is illustrated. The organomercurial, p-aminophenylmercuric acetate, inhibits
      profoundly the activity of the native as well as the Gpp(NH)p-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase, but in both cases subsequent exposure to dithiothreitol
      restores fully the original enzyme activity. However, the mercurial-inactivated
      enzyme does not react with Gpp(NP)p, as evidenced by the subsequent restoration
      of only the control enzyme activity upon exposure to dithiothreitol. Thus,
      reaction with Gpp(NH)p requires intact sulfhydryl groups, but the activated state
      is not irreversibly destroyed by the inactivation caused by sulfhydryl blockade.
      GTP and, less effectively, GDP and ATP inhibit activation by Gpp(NH)p, but
      interpretations are complicated by the facts that this inhibition is overcome
      with time and that GTP and ATP can protect potently from spontaneous
      inactivation. These two nucleotides can be used in the Gpp(NH)p preincubation to
      stabilize the enzyme. The Gpp(NH)p-activated enzyme cannot be reversed
      spontaneously during prolonged incubation at 30 degrees C in the absence or
      presence of GTP, ATP, MgCl2, glycine, dithiothreitol, NaF or EDTA. The strong
      nucleophile, neutral hydroxylamine, decreases the Gpp(NH)p-activated enzyme
      activity and no subsequent activation is detected upon re-exposure to the
      nucleotide.

PMID- 172639
TI  - Adult Wilms' tumor. An appraisal of radiographic and angiographic features.

PMID- 172636
TI  - Mechanism of activation of adenylate cyclase by Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin.
      Relations to the mode of activation by hormones.
AB  - The influence of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin (choleragen) on the response of
      adenylate cyclase to hormones and GTP, and on the binding of 125I-labeled
      glucagon to membranes, has been examined primarily in rat adipocytes, but also in
      guinea pig ileal mucosa and rat liver. Incubation of fat cells with choleragen
      converts adenylate cyclase to a GTP-responsive state; (-)-isoproterenol has a
      similar effect when added directly to membranes. Choleragen also increases by two
      to fivefold the apparent affinity of (-)-isoproterenol, ACTH, glucagon, and
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide for the activation of adenylate cyclase. This
      effect on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide action is also seen with the enzyme
      of guinea pig ileal mucosa; the toxin-induced sensitivity to VIP may be relevant
      in the pathogenesis of cholera diarrhea. The apparent affinity of binding of 125I
      labeled glucagon is increased about 1.5- to twofold in choleragen-treated liver
      and fat cell membranes. The effects of choleragen on the response of adenylate
      cyclase to hormones are independent of protein synthesis, and they are not simply
      a consequence to protracted stimulation of the enzyme in vivo or during
      preparation of the membranes. Activation of cyclase in rat erythrocytes by
      choleragen is not impaired by agents which disrupt microtubules or
      microfilaments, and it is still observed in cultured fibroblasts after completely
      suppressing protein synthesis with diphtheria toxin. Choleragen does not interact
      directly with hormone receptor sites. Simple occupation of the choleragen binding
      sites with the analog, choleragenoid, does not lead to any of the biological
      effects of the toxin.

PMID- 172637
TI  - Distribution of parathyroid hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase in plasma
      membranes of cells of the kidney cortex.
AB  - Free flow electrophoresis was employed to separate renal cortical plasma
      membranes into luminal (brush border microvilli) and contraluminal (basal-lateral
      membrane) fractions. During the separation adenylate cyclase activity was found
      to parallel the activity of Na+-K+-activated ATPase, an enzyme which is present
      in contraluminal but not in luminal membranes. In the basal-lateral membrane
      fraction the specific activities of adenylate cyclase and Na+-K+-activated ATPase
      were 4.4 and 4.6 times greater, respectively, than in the brush border fraction.
      The adenylate cyclase of the basal-lateral membrane fraction was specifically
      stimulated by parathyroid hormone which maximally increased enzyme activity
      eightfold. The biologically active (1-34) peptide fragment of paratyhroid hormone
      produced a 350% increase in adenylate cyclase activity. In contrast, calcitonin,
      epinephrine and vasopressin maximally stimulated the enzyme by only 55, 35 and
      30%, respectively. These results indicate that adenylate cyclase, specifically
      stimulated by parathyroid hormone, is distributed preferentially in the
      contraluminal region of the plasma membrane of renal cortical epithelial cells.

PMID- 172640
TI  - Radiologic Seminar CLVI: chemodectomas: a brief radiological review.

PMID- 172638
TI  - Distribution of membrane-bound cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in plasma
      membranes of cells of the kidney cortex.
AB  - Renal cortical plasms membranes were separated by free flow electrophoresis into
      luminal (brush border microvilli) and contraluminal (basal-lateral membrane)
      fractions. These membranes were found to contain an intrinsic, self
      phosphorylating system which consists of a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, a
      phosphorprotein phosphatase and the substrate(s) of these enzymes. The kinase,
      but not the phosphatase, was stimulated by cyclic AMP; maximal (1.7-fold)
      stimulation was effected at a cyclic AMP concentration of 0.1 muM. The degree of
      phosphorylation of the brush borders was six times greater than that of the basal
      lateral membranes in the absence of cyclic AMP and 2.3-fold greater in the
      presence of cyclic AMP. This preferential phosphorylation of the luminal membrane
      by membrane-associated protein kinase(s) may play a role in the parathyroid
      hormone-mediated alterations of solute reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

PMID- 172641
TI  - Construction in vitro of mutants of simian virus 40: insertion of a poly(dA-dT)
      segment at the Hemophilus parainfluenza II restriction endonuclease cleavage
      site.

PMID- 172642
TI  - A low-resolution crystallographic study of porcine heart lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 172643
TI  - A 5 A x-ray diffraction study of coenzyme-deficient lactate dehydrogenase: NAD
      pyruvate ternary complex.

PMID- 172644
TI  - The topographical order of 18 S and 20 S ribosomal ribonucleic acids within the
      45 S precursor molecule.

PMID- 172645
TI  - Translation of poliovirus RNA in vitro: detection of two different initiation
      sites.

PMID- 172646
TI  - Properties of the Escherichia coli DNA-binding (unwinding) protein interaction
      with nucleolytic enzymes and DNA.

PMID- 172647
TI  - Assay of cyclic 3'-5'-monophosphate in the regenerating forelimb of the newt,
      Triturus.

PMID- 172648
TI  - Endocytosis, transfer tubules, and lysosomal activity in myeloid sinusoidal
      endothelium.

PMID- 172649
TI  - [A comparative study of photoreceptors of Sabellidae (Annelida Polychaeta)].

PMID- 172650
TI  - The ultrastructure of rat plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 172651
TI  - Histochemical evidence for glycogen-like deposits in barley yellow dwarf virus
      infected barley leaf chloroplasts.

PMID- 172652
TI  - Crystalline inclusion in thylakoids of spinach chloroplasts.

PMID- 172653
TI  - Differentiation of the vacuolar apparatus in cells of the developing proximal
      tubule in the rat kidney.

PMID- 172654
TI  - Isolation of RNA transcripts from the entire Sendai viral genome.
AB  - Three classes of viral transcripts (18S, 24S, and 33S) were isolated from viral
      ribonucleoproteins in Sendai virus-infected cells. Hybridization studies with
      virion minus strand genome RNA demonstrated that the 18S RNA contained
      transcripts from 60% of the viral genome while the 33S RNA contained transcripts
      from the entire viral genome. Brief heat of ME2SO treatment of the 33S RNA
      demonstrated that this RNA was composed of two classes: RNA which continued to
      sediment at 33S (33S RNA) and 18S RNA aggregates (18S RNA). The 33S RNA was
      determined to be a transcript from the 40% of the viral genome not protected by
      the 18S RNA. The aggregated 18S RNA does not appear to be an artifact of
      isolation.

PMID- 172655
TI  - Homology between avian oncornavirus RNAs and DNA from several avian species.
AB  - 3H-labeled 35S RNA from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), Rous associated virus
      (RAV)-0, RAV-60, RAV-61, RAV-2, or B-77(w) was hybridized with an excess of
      cellular DNA from different avian species, i.e., normal or leukemic chickens,
      normal pheasants, turkeys, Japanese quails, or ducks. Approximately two to three
      copies of endogenous viral DNA were estimated to be present per diploid of normal
      chicken cell genome. In leukemic chicken myeloblasts induced by AMV, the number
      of viral sequences appeared to have doubled. The hybrids formed between viral RNA
      and DNA from leukemic chicken cells melted with a Tm 1 to 6 C higher than that of
      hybrids formed between viral RNA and normal chicken cell DNA. All of the viral
      RNAs tested, except RAV-61, hybridized the most with DNA from AMV-infected
      chicken cells, followed by DNA from normal chicken cells, and then pheasant DNA.
      RAV-61 RNA hybridized maximally (39%) with pheasant DNA, followed by DNA from
      leukemic (34%), and then normal (29%) chicken cells. All viral RNAs tested
      hybridized little with Japanese quail DNA (2 to 5%), turkey DNA (2 to 4%), or
      duck DNA (1%). DNA from normal chicken cells contained only 60 to 70% of the RAV
      60 genetic information, and normal pheasant cells lacked some RAV-61 DNA
      sequences. RAV-60 and RAV-61 genomes were more homologous to the RAV-0 genome
      than to the genome of RAV-2, AMV, or B-77(s). RAV-60 and RAV-61 appear to be
      recombinants between endogenous and exogenous viruses.

PMID- 172657
TI  - Human cytomegalovirus. IV. Specific inhibition of virus-induced DNA polymerase
      activity and viral DNA replication by phosphonoacetic acid.
AB  - Phosphonoacetic acid specifically inhibited human cytomegalovirus DNA synthesis
      in virus-infected human fibroblasts as detected by virus-specific nucleic acid
      hybridization. Inhibition was reversible; viral DNA synthesis resumed upon the
      removal of the drug. The compound partially inhibited DNA synthesis of host cells
      in the log phase of growth but had little effect on confluent cells. Studies of
      partially purified enzymes indicated that phosphonoacetic acid specifically
      inhibited virus-induced DNA polymerase and had only a slight effect on normal
      host cell enzymes. The drug was shown to interact directly with virus-induced
      enzyme but not with the template-primers.

PMID- 172656
TI  - Replication of picornaviruses. I. Evidence from in vitro RNA synthesis that
      poly(A) of the poliovirus genome is genetically coded.
AB  - A crude replication complex has been isolated from poliovirus-infected HeLa cells
      and used for synthesis of poliovirus replicative intermediate (RI) RNA,
      replicative form (RF) RNA, and single-stranded (SS) RNA in vitro. All three
      classes of virus-specific RNA synthesized in vitro are shown to contain poly(A).
      Poly(A) of RF and of SS RNA [RF-poly(A) and SS-poly(A)] has a chain length (50 to
      70 nucleotides) that is shorter than that of poly(A) of in vivo-synthesized RNAs.
      Poly(A) of RI [RI-poly(A),] however, is at least 200 nucleotides long and,
      therefore, larger than poly(A) of RI isolated from HeLa cells 4 h after
      infection. The crude membrane-bound replication complex contains a terminal
      adenylate transferase activity that is stimulated by Mn2+ and the addition of an
      (Ap)2AOH primer. This transferase activity is found also in extracts of mock
      infected cells. Partial purificaiton of the replication complex in a stepwise
      sucrose gradient, in which the viral replicase is associated with the smooth
      cytoplasmic membrane fraction, does not remove the terminal transferase. However,
      when the partially purified replication complex is treated with deoxycholate and
      sedimented through a sucrose gradient, a soluble replication complex can be
      isolated that is free from terminal adenylate transferase. This soluble
      replication complex was found to synthesize viral RNA-linked poly(A) longer in
      chain length than that synthesized by the crude replication complex. Taking into
      account the 5'-terminal poly(U) in poliovirus minus strands, our data suggest
      that polyadenylation of poliovirus RNA occurs by transcription and not by end
      addition. When compared to other viral systems, poliovirus and, probably, all
      picornaviruses appear to be unique in that the poly(A) of their genome is
      genetically coded.

PMID- 172658
TI  - Synthesis of herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, and adenovirus DNA in isolated
      HeLa cell nuclei. I. Effect of viral-specific antisera and phosphonoacetic acid.
AB  - Purified nuclei, isolated from appropriately infected HeLa cells, are shown to
      synthesize large amounts of either herpes simplex virus (HSV) or vaccinia virus
      DNA in vitro. The rate of synthesis of DNA by nuclei from infected cells is up to
      30 times higher than the synthesis of host DNA in vitro by nuclei isolated from
      uninfected HeLa cells. Thus HSV nuclei obtained from HSV-infected cells make DNA
      in vitro at a rate comparable to that seen in the intact, infected cell.
      Molecular hybridization studies showed that 80% of the DNA sequences synthesized
      in vitro by nuclei from herpesvirus-infected cells are herpesvirus specific.
      Vaccinia virus nuclei from vaccinia virus-infected cells, also produce comparable
      percentages of vaccinia virus-specific DNA sequences. Adenovirus nuclei from
      adenovirus 2-infected HeLa cells, which also synthesize viral DNA in vitro, have
      been included in this study. Synthesis of DNA by HSV or vaccinia virus nuclei is
      markedly inhibited by the corresponding viral-specific antisera. These antisera
      inhibit in a similar fashion the purified herpesvirus-induced or vaccinia virus
      induced DNA polymerase isolated from infected cells. Phosphonoacetic acid,
      reported to be a specific inhibitor of herpesvirus formation and the herpesvirus
      induced DNA polymerase, is equally effective as an inhibitor of HSV DNA synthesis
      in isolated nuclei in vitro. However, we also find phosphonoacetic acid to be an
      effective inhibitor of vaccinia virus nuclear DNA synthesis and the purified
      vaccinia virus-induced DNA polymerase. In addition, this compound shows
      significant inhibition of DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei obtained from
      adenovirus-infected or uninfected cells and is a potent inhibitor of HeLa cell
      DNA polymerase alpha.

PMID- 172659
TI  - Effect of the Fv-1 locus on the titration of murine leukemia viruses.
AB  - Titration of N- and B-tropic murine leukemia viruses on sensitive and resistant
      cell lines has been studied by direct XC plaque assay and infective center assay.
      The titration of cloned B-tropic virus by infective center assay on BALB/3T3 (Fv
      1b/b) and NIH/3T3 (Fv-1n/n) cells gave one-hit patterns, with 100-fold less
      infected NIH/3T3 cells than BALB/3T3 cells. The titration of B-tropic virus on
      DBA/2 cells (Fv-1n/n) was also a one-hit. The titration of a one-hit curve, and
      there were about 100-fold less infected BALB/3T3 cells than NIH/3T3 cells.
      Comparable results were obtained by titrating the cloned N-tropic virus on
      congenic SIM (Fv-1n/n) and SIM.R (Fv-1b/b) cells or the Gross N-tropic virus on
      BALB/3T3 cells. Therefore, our data indicate that the multiple-hit phenomenon
      described previously may not be an essential part of the Fv-1 gene restriction.

PMID- 172660
TI  - tRNA's associated with the 70S RNA of avian myeloblastosis virus.
AB  - The distribtuion of various amino acid tRNA's in the 4S RNA components of avian
      myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and in 4S RNA prepared from chicken cmbryo cells,
      chicken myeloblasts, and chicken livers was determined. This was done by
      aminoacylating the 4S RNA samples with a mixture of 17 radioactive amino acids
      and subsequently identifying the tRNA-accepted amino acids on an amino acid
      analyzer after deacylation. In embryo cells, myeloblasts, and liver, tRNA's
      accepting all 1m amino acids were demonstrated. "Free" AMV 4S RNA was
      characterized by very low quantities of glutamate, valine, and tyrosine tRNA's.
      RNAs accepting all 17 amino acids, with the exception of tyrosine, were shown to
      be present in the "70S-associated" 4S RNA which dissociates at 60 C. The bulk of
      the 70S-associated 4S RNA was dissociated at 60 C at low ionic strength with a
      concomitant conversion of 70S RNA to 35S RNA. The residual associated 4S RNA was
      dissociated by further heating of the 35S RNA to 80 C; tryptophan tRNA accounted
      for greater than 90% of the total amino acid accepting activity in this fraction.
      The results support other studies in suggesting that tryptophan tRNA may serve as
      a primer for DNA synthesis in AMV, as has been shown in Rous sarcoma virus.

PMID- 172662
TI  - History and present status of fish diseases.

PMID- 172661
TI  - Block to multiplication of adenovirus serotype 2 in monkey cells.
AB  - The block to adenovirus 2 (Ad2) multiplication in monkey cells can be overcome by
      coinfection with simian virus 40 (SV40). To identify this block we have compared
      the synthesis of Ad2 proteins in monkey cells infected with Ad2 alone
      (unenhanced) or with Ad2 plus SV40 (enhanced). Synthesis of viral proteins in
      enhanced cells was virtually identical to that found for permissive infection of
      human cells by Ad2 alone. In contrast, the unenhanced cells were strikingly
      deficient in the production of the IV (fiber) and 11.5K proteins whereas the
      synthesis of 100K and IVa2 was normal. Synthesis of a number of other proteins
      such as II, V, and P-VII was partially reduced. A similar specific reduction in
      synthesis of these proteins was found when their messages were assayed by cell
      free translation. This result suggests that the block to Ad2 protein synthesis is
      at the RNA level rather than with the translational machinery of monkey cells.
      Analysis of the complexity and the concentration of Ak2-specific RNAs, using
      hybridization of restriction endonuclease fragments of the Ad2 genome to
      increasing concentrations of RNA, shows that although all species of late Ad2
      mRNA are present, the concentration of several species is reduced sevenfold or
      more in unenhanced monkey cells as compared with enhanced cells. These species
      come from regions of the genome known to encode the deficient proteins. A model
      for the failure of adenovirus to multiply in monkey cells, based on abnormal
      processing of specific adenovirus messages, is presented.

PMID- 172663
TI  - Hepatitis in skunks caused by the virus of infectious canine hepatitis.
AB  - Two cases of acute, fatal, hepatitis occurred in young, striped skunks (Mephitis
      mephitis) trapped in southern Ontario. Histologically, lesions in the liver were
      similar to infectious canine hepatitis. A virus was isolated which produced large
      intranuclear inclusions in dog kidney cell cultures. These inclusions were
      Feulgen-positive and fluoresced green with acridine orange stain. The skunk
      hepatitis isolate was identified as the virus of infectious canine hepatitis by
      virus neutralization tests.

PMID- 172664
TI  - Letter: Liver cell adenoma.

PMID- 172665
TI  - [Autopsy study of a case of unusual atypical lung cancer with cellular inclusion
      bodies].

PMID- 172667
TI  - [Determination of beta-lipoprotein by partigen method and its normal value].

PMID- 172668
TI  - [Chemical mediator and immune complex - with special reference to
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration factor].

PMID- 172666
TI  - [Technical theory of the regional medical system - telephone transmission of
      pacemaker information during after care].

PMID- 172669
TI  - [An epidemiologic study of respiratory virus and entero virus infection among
      infants and children in Matsuyama city (author's transl)].

PMID- 172671
TI  - [Case of breast tumor].

PMID- 172670
TI  - [Clinical examination of EB virus infection (author's transl)].

PMID- 172672
TI  - [Juvenile angiofibroma].

PMID- 172673
TI  - Herpes simplex: from vesicles to cancer.

PMID- 172674
TI  - [Clinical studies of tumor of the islets of Laugerhans - with special reference
      to the histomotphological study of the relationship between its function and
      pathology].

PMID- 172675
TI  - [Evidence of presence of hepatic collagenase and its changing activities in
      experimental hepatic fibrosis].

PMID- 172676
TI  - [Carcinoma of the cystic duct: a case report (author's transl)].

PMID- 172677
TI  - [Pain threshold in workers with vibration induced white finger (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 172678
TI  - Histopathological observations of spontaneous regression of Rous sarcomas in
      Japanese quails.
AB  - Turmors induced in Japanese quails by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma
      virus were examined histopathologically. The following three phases were
      recognized in the quails whose tumors regressed finally (regressor). Phase I was
      between days 4 and 7 of virus inoculation, when growth of tumor cells was seen
      with predominant infiltration of heterophils. Phase II, from days 10 to 14, was
      characterized by necrosis of tumor cells and focal accumulation of lymphoid cells
      which frequently formed follicle-like nodules. In phase III from days 18 to 24,
      tumor cells and heterophils disappeared, whereas diffuse infilitration of
      lymphoid cells, plasma cells and histiocytes were demonstrated. In the quails
      whose tumors progressed (progressor), growth of tumor cells and infiltration of
      heterophils at phase I seemed to follow a pattern similar to that of regressors,
      but subsequent infiltration and focal accumulation of lymphoid cells were rare.
      These morphological findings suggested an immunological reaction against tumor
      cells by lymphoid cells.

PMID- 172679
TI  - Characterization of "Pasteurella" piscicida isolated from white perch and
      cultivated yellowtail.
AB  - The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of twelve
      "Pasteurella" piscicida strains isolated from white perch and yellowtail are
      described and the present uncertain taxonomic status of the organisms is
      discussed. The organisms isolated were gram-negative rods showing bipolar
      staining and pleomorphism. No spores or flagella were observed. They were non
      motile and viscid colonies were formed. Growth was observed in a temperature
      range of 20 to 30 C and the salinity range of growth was between 0.5% and 4.0%.
      They were aerobic and facultative anaerobic. Oxidase and catalase were produced.
      Nitrates were not reduced to nitrites. Lysine and ornithine decarboxylases were
      not produced but arginine dihydrolase was produced. The egg yolk reaction was
      positive. Tween 80 and tributyrin were decomposed. Phosphatase was produced. Beta
      hemolysis was revealed on a medium containing defibrinated blood from chickens or
      carp but not from mammals. Methyl red and Voges-Proskauer tests were positive,
      and acetoin was produced from 2,3-butanediol. Glucose was fermented without gas
      production. Acid was produced from fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose,
      maltose, dextrin and glycerol. These organisms differed from all other members of
      the genus Pasteurella with respect to nitrate reduction, arginine dihydrolase,
      Voges-Proskauer and methyl red tests. The formation of viscid colonies and
      inability to grow in a medium without sodium chloride or at 37 C were additional
      characteristics of these organisms.

PMID- 172680
TI  - [Plans for guidance of breast cancer patients following discharge from the
      hospital - case studies].

PMID- 172681
TI  - [An attempt to ease the urination difficulty following total hysterectomy].

PMID- 172683
TI  - Studies on the multiplication of the equine arteritis virus using the fluorescent
      antibody technique.

PMID- 172682
TI  - [Metabolism and actions of vasoactive substances in the lung. (3) The effects of
      ATP, cyclic AMP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP on tracheal muscle responsiveness].

PMID- 172684
TI  - Morphological response of maternal antibody-negative chickens infected with
      Marek's disease virus (MDV), herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) and both viruses.

PMID- 172685
TI  - Growth of adeno-associated satellite virus in dogs in the presence of infectious
      canine hepatitis virus.

PMID- 172686
TI  - [Feline viral rhinotracheitis in Japan--Isolation of herpes type virus and
      pathologic picture (author's transl)].

PMID- 172687
TI  - Feline panleukopenia in Japan. II. Hemagglutinability of the isolated virus.

PMID- 172688
TI  - Studies on feline panleukopenia. I. Isolation and properties of virus strains.

PMID- 172689
TI  - Studies on equine viral arteritis. I. Characterization of the virus and trial
      survey on antibody with vero cell cultures.

PMID- 172690
TI  - [Malignant non-epithelial stomach neoplasms].

PMID- 172692
TI  - [Child welfare in our time (the German Magna Carta of the child)].

PMID- 172691
TI  - Control of plasma aldosterone in normal man during upright posture.
AB  - Plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma cortisol as parameter of
      ACTH activity and the serum concentrations of sodium and potassium were
      determined at short time intervals in 10 healthy students after an overnight
      bedrest and during three hours of ambulation. While PRA rose significantly within
      15 minutes of orthostasis in all students, plasma aldosterone showed a similar
      rapid increase in some of the subjects only. These persons demonstrated also a
      simultaneous increase of serum potassium or of plasma cortisol. Plasma
      aldosterone rose not before 30 to 60 minutes after change to the upright position
      in subjects who showed neigher plasma cortisol nor serum potassium increases. It
      is concluded that the immediate rise of plasma aldosterone during orthostasis
      seems to depend on a stimulation by ACTH of by potassium. The main stimulus of
      plasma aldosterone during orthostasis appears to be the renin angiotensin system.
      If the aldosterone response to posture is mediated only through this system a
      delay of 30 to 60 minutes is observed.

PMID- 172693
TI  - [Child rearing problems for parents and children].

PMID- 172694
TI  - [Observations on present-day character formation].

PMID- 172695
TI  - [About the significance of play].

PMID- 172696
TI  - [Heart catheter in Fallot's tetralogy. Report of an examination observation from
      the city Pediatric Hospital of Ulm University].

PMID- 172697
TI  - [Phenylketonuria. A nursing care report].

PMID- 172699
TI  - [A way to carry out individual nursing care. IV].

PMID- 172698
TI  - [The German Child Welfare Federation].

PMID- 172700
TI  - [Our contribution to rationalization in the field of nursing; introduction to the
      cardex system].

PMID- 172701
TI  - [What we want to know about multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 172702
TI  - [Huneke's neural therapy].

PMID- 172703
TI  - [Prevention of rheumatism].

PMID- 172704
TI  - [Use of insufficiently educated nursing personnel in the night shift].

PMID- 172705
TI  - [Professional role of the endoscopy nurse].

PMID- 172706
TI  - [Nursing education in Denmark].

PMID- 172707
TI  - [Courage to persevere].

PMID- 172708
TI  - [Meditation and meditative therapy].

PMID- 172709
TI  - [Hypnosis and autogenic training].

PMID- 172710
TI  - [Music therapy].

PMID- 172711
TI  - [Music, movement and painting as therapeutic measures in psychosomatic
      disorders].

PMID- 172712
TI  - [Yoga--a healing power within us].

PMID- 172713
TI  - [Fight symptoms of lack of exercise by prevention, therapy and rehabilitation].

PMID- 172715
TI  - [The role of nursing service in the hospital].

PMID- 172714
TI  - [Intra-ward continued education].

PMID- 172716
TI  - [Nursing care of cancer patients].

PMID- 172717
TI  - [Relationship with dying cancer patients].

PMID- 172718
TI  - [The geography of cancer].

PMID- 172720
TI  - [A way to carry out individual nursing care. II].

PMID- 172719
TI  - [Research in nursing. Brief instruction sheet for nursing students on
      radiotherapeutic wards].

PMID- 172721
TI  - [Health care in the framework of the new nursing legislation].

PMID- 172722
TI  - [Health education from the public health viewpoint].

PMID- 172723
TI  - [Rehabilitative thinking in occupational therapy].

PMID- 172725
TI  - [World premiere for the first prefabricated housing program for the handicapped].

PMID- 172724
TI  - [Self-help training in paraplegics].

PMID- 172726
TI  - [Basic psychotherapeutic behavior in the field of psychiatric nursing].

PMID- 172727
TI  - [Increased life expectancy--superannuated population. Will measures for directed
      geriatric care be sufficient?].

PMID- 172728
TI  - [Old age and rehabilitation].

PMID- 172729
TI  - [A way to carry out individual nursing care. III].

PMID- 172730
TI  - [Individualized nursing care from the patient's viewpoint].

PMID- 172731
TI  - [Current surgical results in traumatic injuries].

PMID- 172732
TI  - [Rehabilitation using plastic surgery].

PMID- 172733
TI  - Effects of methylmercuric chloride on ascites hepatoma AH 13 cells, especially on
      cell growth and nucleic acid synthesis.

PMID- 172734
TI  - Ultrastructure and virus particles of L1210/Mes. A hamster-adapted murine
      leukemia.
AB  - The ultrastructural features and virus particle content of L1210/Mes., the
      hamster-adapted strain of murine leukemia L1210, has been studied in cheek pouch
      tumors and cell cultures. In comparison with the parental murine tumor in
      culture, L1210/Mes. has experienced certain morphologic alterations, such as a
      striking increase in cell size, enlarged and more bizarre nuclei, and an increase
      in the number of lysosome-related structures. Type A (intracytoplasmic and
      intracisternal) and type C virus particles could be demonstrated in cell cultures
      of murine leukemia L1210, and in cheek pouch grafts and cell cultures of
      L1210/Mes. No. "H" (or "R") hamster-associated virus particles, however, could be
      distinguished in L1210/Mes. tumors or in vitro cultivated cells. It appears that
      a murine lymphoma capable of serial propagation in a xenogeneic host permits the
      replication of virus particles structurally indistinguishable from those
      indigenous to it.

PMID- 172735
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance and nanosecond fluorescence depolarization
      studies on creatine-phosphokinase interaction with myosin and its fragments.
AB  - Recent reports in the literature have indicated a physical association of
      creatine-phosphokinase (CPK) with the tail portion of the myosin molecule. The
      present paper describes further studies on the interaction of CPK with myosin and
      myosin fragments, using the techniques of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
      and nanosecond fluorescence depolarization. From EPR work, spin-labeled CPK
      appears to interact with myosin, tail-less myosin (heavy meromyosin [HMM]), and
      myosin heads (subfragment-1 [S1]), the extent of interaction being proportional
      to the S1 content of myosin or its fragments. Spin-labeled CPK did not evidence
      interaction with the headless myosin "rods," with myosin tails (light meromyosin
      [LMM]), with S2 necks (which connect S1 to the rest of the myosin molecule), or
      with actin. When a fluorescent dye is directed to the essential epsilon-amino
      group of CPK, nanosecond fluorescence depolarization studies indicate a
      substantial interaction with myosin, HMM, and S1, but very little with F-actin.
      When the "fast-reacting" thiol of the S1 moiety or the "essential thiol" of CPK
      was labeled with either a fluorescent dye or a spin label, no interaction between
      CPK and myosin (or S1) was detected.

PMID- 172736
TI  - Birefringence changes in vertebrate striated muscle.
AB  - The changes in birefringence in the rigor to relax transition of single Triton
      extracted rabbit psoas muscle fibers have been investigated. The total
      birefringence of rigor muscle fibers was dependent on sarcomere length and ranged
      from (1.46 +/- 0.08) X 10(-3) to (1.60 +/- 0.06) X 10(-3) at sarcomere lengths
      from 2.70 mum to 3.40 mum. An increase in total birefringence was measured
      dependent on sarcomere length when 55 single fibers were relaxed from the rigor
      state with Mg-ATP. Pyrophosphate relaxation produced a smaller increase in
      retardation when compared to Mg-ATP. The expected change in intrinsic
      birefringence during the rigor to relax transition was calculated assuming a
      hinge function of the subfragment 2 moiety of myosin. The changes in
      birefringence during isometric contraction and relaxation have been discussed in
      relation to possible structural changes.

PMID- 172737
TI  - Transient kinetic and isotopic tracer studies of the myosin adenosine
      triphosphatase reaction.
AB  - From transient kinetic studies of the Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase of
      myosin subfragment 1, prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle, a seven-step
      mechanism has been proposed. Features of this mechanism include two-step
      processes for ATP and ADP binding in which the binary complex isomerizes in
      addition to a rapid nucleotide association step. In the case of ATP a large
      negative standard free energy change is associated with the isomerization. An
      overall rate-limiting isomerization of the myosin-product complex prior to
      product release has been identified. Studies on the mechanism of cleavage of ATP
      bound to the active site indicate the process is readily reversible and can
      account for the observation that more than one oxygen  of the product phosphate
      arises from water. This proposal has been substantiated by the finding that the
      oxygen atoms of the gamma-phosphoryl group of bound ATP also undergo extensive
      exchange with water.

PMID- 172738
TI  - Intermediate complex of ATP hydrolysis and synthesis by muscle proteins.
AB  - Myosin catalyzed exchange between 32Pi and ATP in reaction medium during its
      enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP only by a very small amount. Addition of actin
      increased to a great extent the rate of incorporation of 32Pi in the presence of
      Mg. Glycerinated smooth muscle fibers also exhibited the ability to exchange 32Pi
      and ATP upon the application of external force (repeated stretching and
      releasing). A schematic mechanism of the action of actin and external force on
      acceleration of 32Pi incorporation is proposed and the importance of the M-ADP
      complex for force generation is suggested.

PMID- 172739
TI  - The quantitative measurement of rotational motion of the subfragment-1 region of
      myosin by saturation transfer epr spectroscopy.
AB  - According to current models of muscle contraction (Huxley, H. E., Science 164:
      1356-1366 [1969]), motion of flexible myosin crossbridges is essential to the
      contractile cycle. Using a spin-label analog of iodoacetamide bound to the
      subfragment No. 1 (S1) region of myosin, we have obtained rotational correlation
      times (tau 2) for this region of the molecule with the ultimate goal of making
      quantitative measurements of the motion of the crossbridges under conditions
      comparable to those in living, contracting muscle. We used the newly developed
      technique of saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
      (Hyde, J.S., and Thomas, D.D., Ann. N.Y. Acad Sci. 22:680-692 [1973]), which is
      uniquely sensitive to rotational motion in the range of 10(-7)-10(-3) sec. Our
      results indicate that the spin label is rigidly bound to S1 (tau 2 for isolated
      S1 is 2 X 10(-7) sec) and that the motion of the label reflects the motion of the
      S1 region of myosin. the value of tau 2 for the S1 segment of myosin is less than
      twice that for isolated S1, while the molecular weights differ by a factor of 4,
      indicating flexibility of myosin in agreement with the conclusions of Mendelson
      et al. (Biochemistry 12:2250-2255 [1973]). Adding F-actin increses tau 2 in
      either myosin or isolated S1 by a factor of mearly 103, indicating rigid
      immobilization of S1 by actin. Formation of myosin filaments (at an ionic
      strength of 0.15 or less) increses tau 2 by a factor of 10-30, depending on the
      ionic strength, indicating a decrease of the rotational mobility of S1 in these
      agregates. The remaining motion is at least a factor of 10 faster than would be
      expected for the filament itself, suggesting motion of the S1 region independent
      of the filament backbone but slower than in a single molecule. F-actin has a
      strong immobilizing effect on labeled S1 in myosin filaments (in 0.137 M KC1),
      but the immobilization is less complete than that observed when F-actin is added
      to labeled myosin monomers (in 0.5 M KC1). A spin-label analog of maleimide,
      attached to the SH-2 thiol groups of S1, is immobilized to a much lesser extent
      by F-actin than is the label on SH-1 groups. The maleimide label also was
      attached directly to F-actin and was sufficiently immobilized to suggest rigid
      binding to actin.

PMID- 172740
TI  - Monitoring intracellular transport.

PMID- 172741
TI  - Quantitative aspects of the regulation of cellular cyclic AMP levels. I.
      Structure and kinetics of a model system.

PMID- 172742
TI  - Lymphography in childhood: six years experience with 242 cases.
AB  - From January, 1969 - December, 1974, 242 children less than 15 years of age
      underwent lymphography at the National Cancer Institute, Milan. Successful
      lymphatic cannulation was accomplished in 97% (440/463) of the sites where it was
      attempted. No major or permanent complications were encountered, although minor
      untoward effects might not have been recorded. In those children undergoing
      biopsy of opacified lymph nodes, lymphographic-histologic correlation was 98%
      (45/46). Nonspecific reactive hyperplasia lymphographic patterns were encountered
      in 36% of all studies, confirming its high incidence in the pediatric age group.
      This study has shown that lymphography in childhood can be as readily performed
      as in the adult and that its diagnostic accuracy is acceptable. As in adults, it
      is useful in treatment planning, evaluating results of therapy, and detecting
      recurrent tumor. The frequent occurrence of nonspecific reactive hyperplasia in
      the pediatric lymphogram should not be mistaken for evidence of tumor,
      particularly lymphoma.

PMID- 172743
TI  - Endolymphatic radiotherapy in malignant lymphomas: its potential "prophylactic"
      value in cases with negative lymphograms.
AB  - From 1961 to 1969 426 patients (208 with Hodgkin's disease and 218 with non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma) underwent endolympatic radiotherapy with Lipiodol 131I at the
      National Cancer Institute of Milano. For this study, only those patients with
      stage I, II, or III disease (with or without systemic symptoms), who were not
      previously treated, and who had a complete follow-up were reviewed. It appears
      that while in the cases where there is lymphographic evidence of involved lymph
      nodes, endolymphatic radiotherapy is not of value, in the cases with apparently
      negative lymphography, endolymphatic radiotherapy can reduce the incidence of
      relapse in the inguino-retroperitoneal nodes to a statistically significant
      degree.

PMID- 172744
TI  - Pain. A central inhibitory balance theory.
AB  - Knowledge of the segmental neuronal circuitry for noxious and non-noxious input
      is a necessary prelude to understanding pain mechanisms. Significant gaps in our
      understanding of the synaptology of these pathways in the dorsal horn have
      hindered progress in this area. This report describes the excitatory and
      inhibitory circuits that supply the marginal neurons of the spinal cord, whose
      role in nociceptive mechanisms is well  established. On the basis of these data,
      it is proposed that large primary afferents (non-noxious) provide heavy
      inhibitory input to marginal neurons via gelatinosa cells. Conversely, small
      primary afferents (nociceptive) provide excitatory input to marginal neurons but
      relatively little inhibitory feedback to these cells via gelatinosa neurons. The
      modulation of pain-producing input depends thus on the balance between large
      fiber and small-fiber activity via a postsynaptic inhibitory mechanism acting on
      the nociceptive relay neurons. This theory accounts satisfactorily for the
      modulation of pain by counterirritation and by various methods of stimulating
      large-fiber input.

PMID- 172745
TI  - A possible effect of testosterone on the adenosine 3'-5' cyclic monophosphate
      levels in rat cerebral cortex. A brief note.
AB  - Based on a correlation of serum testosterone levels and cortical cyclic-AMP
      concentrations in a normal aging population of male CD Fischer rats and a
      demonstration of decreased cortical cyclic-AMP subsequent to injection of
      testosterone, it was concluded that a cause and effect relation between hormone
      concentrations and brain cyclic nucleotide levels is tenable.

PMID- 172746
TI  - [Editorial: Estrogen therapy and cancer of the corpus uteri].

PMID- 172748
TI  - Interacting effects of estrogen, progesterone and catecholamines on rat uterine
      cyclic AMP and glycogen phosphorylase.

PMID- 172749
TI  - Effects of ethanol on gastric acid secretion and gastric mucosal cyclic AMP in
      the rat.

PMID- 172747
TI  - [The treatment of inoperable juvenile angiofibromas (author's transl)].
AB  - Demonstrating a case of juvenile angiofibroma penetrating the base of the scull
      and growing mainly endocranially we refer to Honvan (Fostestrolum) treatment of
      this kind of tumor. The effect of this treatment can be shown histologically as a
      distinct sclerosis of the tumor tissue. Even in long term application of this
      drug only very few side effects are found.

PMID- 172750
TI  - Critical evaluation of methods used for the isolation of rat liver hepatocytes
      for metabolic studies.

PMID- 172751
TI  - Role of adrenals in the vitamin A-mediated increase in the activities of
      gluconeogenic enzymes of rat liver.

PMID- 172753
TI  - Hydrolysis of cyclic quanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in tissues of Schistocerca
      gregaria/Forsk./orthoptera.

PMID- 172752
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides in disease; on the biochemical etiology of hypertension.

PMID- 172754
TI  - Dispersion of viable pig liver cells with collagenase.

PMID- 172755
TI  - Differential effects of D- and L-amphetamine on the sleep of depressed patients.

PMID- 172756
TI  - Activation of protein kinase in the guinea pig fundic gastric mucosa by
      histamine.

PMID- 172757
TI  - Inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis by adenine nucleotides.
AB  - Incubation of liver slices and isolated liver cells with adenosine cyclic-3',5'
      monophosphate at concentrations which inhibit lipogenesis was found to expand the
      pool size of the noncyclic adenine nucleotides in the intact cells of the
      preparations. This observation led to studies which demonstrated that adenosine
      and adenosine-5'-monophosphate also inhibited lipogenesis and expanded the
      adenine nucleotide pool size. It is proposed but not proven that the increase in
      intracellular nucleotides produced by adenosine-5'-monophosphate, adenosine
      cyclic-3',5'-monophosphate, and adenosine may have an adverse effect upon the
      synthesis of fatty acids. Because of the expansion of the adenine nucleotide pool
      size, high concentrations of adenosine cyclic-3',5'-monophosphate should not be
      used to investigate the mechanism responsible for hormonal regulation of
      lipogenesis. As an added complication, exogenous adenosine-5'-monophosphate was
      found to produce a small but significant increase in the intracellular
      concentration of adenosine cyclic-3',5'-monophosphate of isolated liver cells.
      This effect also may be a factor in the inhibition of lipogenesis by adenosine-5'
      monophosphate. Low concentrations of N6, O2'-dibutyryl adenosine cyclic-3',5'
      monophosphate were found to inhibit lipogenesis without increasing the
      intracellular adenine nucleotide content of either liver slices or isolated liver
      cells. It is concluded that studies on the mechanism of glucagon regulation of
      lipogenesis should be carried out with glucagon or low concentrations of N6, O2'
      dibutyryl adenosine cyclic-3',5'-monophosphate.

PMID- 172758
TI  - [Herpetic infections and affections of the central nervous system].

PMID- 172759
TI  - What's your diagnosis?

PMID- 172760
TI  - [Lipoproteins in liver diseases].

PMID- 172761
TI  - Immunoassay of human plasma apolipoprotein B.
AB  - A specific and precise double antibody immunoassay for human plasma
      apolipoprotein B (apoB) was developed and applied in normolipidemic and
      hyperlipidemic subjects. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was ca. 9%. The
      distributions of total apoB and low density lipoprotein (LDL) apoB in a randomly
      selected, healthy, fasting population (n = 349) was slightly skewed with a mean
      total apoB of 81 mg/100 ml and LDL apoB of 72 mg/100 ml. The 90th percentile
      cutoffs for total apoB and LDL apoB were 106 and 97 mg/100 ml, respectively.
      Regarding total apoB, women showed a statistically significant increase (r =
      0.463, p less than 0.001) with age (30-65) and an average annual increment of
      plasma apoB of 1.1 mg/100 ml. In contrast, men showed only a slight increase of
      apoB from the 4th to 5th decade, with an average annual increment of 0.7 mg/100
      ml (r = 0.201, 0.02 less than p less than 0.05). Similarly, regarding LDL apoB,
      women showed an increase of 1.0 mg/100 ml/year from the 4th to 7th decade (r =
      0.501, p less than 0.001), whereas men's LDL apoB did not increase significantly
      with age (r = 0.114, 0.2 less than p less than 0.3, for ages 30-49). Six of ten
      normal young subjects showed essentially no physiological variation in fasting
      apoB levels over a 10-wk period, whereas four had a variation of ca. 5% or less.
      LDL apoB represented ca. 90% of the total apoB in normolipidemic and type II
      plasma samples (86% in type IV samples) but only 68% in type III plasmas (n = 7).
      The ratios of LDL cholesterol-LDL apoB were similar for the random and
      hyperlipoproteinemic groups, ranging from a high of 1.8 for type IIa to a low of
      1.5 for type IV. The ratio of cholesterol to apoB was significantly elevated (p
      less than 0.002) in the d less than 1.006 fraction of the type III plasma samples
      compared to the random and type II groups.

PMID- 172762
TI  - Experimental endocrinopathies.
AB  - Methods are described for maintaining hypophysectomized rats (model for
      panhypopituitarism). Prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors can be induced in rats
      or mice by administration of estrogens; thyroid stimulating hormone-secreting
      tumors will occur in some mice after thyroid ablation by radioactive iodine.
      Estrogens in hamsters usually produce intermediate lobe tumors of the pituitary
      associated with hypothalamic degeneration. Sex hormone-secreting adrenal tumors
      can follow surgical gonadectomy in mice. Spontaneous corticoid-secreting adrenal
      tumors may occur spontaneously in Osborne-Mendel rats. Secretory gonadal tumors
      have been induced by transplantation of a gonad into the spleen of a
      gonadectomized host. Both secretory and non-secretory ovarian tumors can be
      produced by irradiation or chemical carcinogens in mice. In some mice, secretory
      testicular tumors can be produced by estrogen administration. Thyroid tumors can
      be induced in rodents by various kinds of goitrogens and irradiation. Parathyroid
      hyperplasia may occur with spontaneous renal disease in rats. A syndrome
      simulating diabetes mellitus can occur in rare strains of mice or can be induced
      by chemical destruction of the islets of Langerhans with alloxan.

PMID- 172765
TI  - Isolation of vacuoles from yeasts.

PMID- 172763
TI  - Analytical methods for yeasts.

PMID- 172764
TI  - Mutagenesis in yeast.

PMID- 172766
TI  - Cyclic AMP mediates the activity of steroid hormones.

PMID- 172767
TI  - The possible role of high estriol levels in pregnancy.

PMID- 172768
TI  - [Bronchial asthma. Pathogenetic assumptions - therapeutic guidelines - the
      significance of synthetic corticotrophin (ACTH) in its treatment (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The treatment procedure with 121 in-patients suffering from respiratory
      obstruction is described following a short review of the etiology and
      pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, and the consequences for treatment resulting
      therefrom. While patients with chronic bronchitis caused by an emphysema of the
      lungs were treated primarily with antibiotics, synthetic corticotrophin
      (Synacthen, Synacthen Depot) and/or cortisone were prescribed in the treatment of
      3/4 of the cases involving asthmatics and patients with chronic asthmatoid
      bronchitis caused by an emphysema. In severe cases ACTH was combined with
      cortisone. As a result of corticotrophin's direct effect on the bronchial muscles
      and the mast cells, along with its stimulation of the adrenal cortex, treatment
      with ACTH has the advantage over the classic cortisone treatment of retaining the
      functional ability of the adrenal cortex and reducing the amount of cortisone
      needed. No ACTH-caused side effects were reported. Included are tables containing
      guidelines for therapy suitable in private practice.

PMID- 172769
TI  - [Respiratory tract infections of viral origin in infants. Examination of 103
      serum pairs in autumn and following spring].
AB  - In autumn 1973 und about four months later in spring 1974 blood samples were
      taken from the same 103 children aged from a few months to five years and coming
      from different parts of Bavaria. We examined the samples for complement-fixing
      antibodies against the influenza virus types A, B and C, the parainfluenza virus
      types 1, 2 and 3, the adenoviruses and the respiratory-syncytial virus, and for
      neutralising antibodies against the ECHO virus type 25. At the commencement of
      the investigation the most frequently detected antibodies were those against
      adenoviruses (66.0%), ECHO virus type 25 (22.3%), influenza virus type A (15.5%)
      AND THE RESPIRATORY-SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (10.7%). Over autumn and winter in the four
      month interval between the drawing of blood samples the most frequently observed
      infections were those caused by the respiratory-syncytial virus (35.9%), the
      adenoviruses (13.6%) and the influenza viruses A and B (6.8%). By comparing the
      results of two blood tests from the same individual infections could be
      recognised more often than would have been the case if comparing the results of
      two different groups of children examined in autumn and spring.

PMID- 172771
TI  - [Tumors of the ovary in childhood].

PMID- 172770
TI  - Differentiation of Herpes simplex virus serotypes 1 and 2 by DNA-DNA
      Hybridization.

PMID- 172772
TI  - [A case of sphingolipidosis with accumulation of various lipids in different
      organs and multiple enzymatic changes in the liver].

PMID- 172773
TI  - Our present knowledge of the pathology of dementias.

PMID- 172774
TI  - The disconnection syndromes.

PMID- 172775
TI  - Neurotoxic substances.

PMID- 172777
TI  - A mutant of Aspergillus nidulans defective in NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase.
AB  - A mutation leading to partial loss of NAD-linked ("catabolic') glutamate
      dehydrogenase does not affect the regulation of ammonium-repressible activities
      in Aspergillus nidulans. This mutation has been used to show that NAD-linked
      glutamate dehydrogenase does not normally participate in ammonium assimilation. A
      mutation leading to loss of NADP-linked ("anabolic') glutamate dehydrogenase has
      been used to show that NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase is not normally
      involved in glutamate catabolism. Strains defective in either enzyme are useful
      for determining which amino acids are metabolised via transamination to yield
      glutamate rather than via deamination to yield ammonium.

PMID- 172776
TI  - How viruses affect the nervous system.

PMID- 172778
TI  - The effect of triiodothyronine on myocardial protein kinases.
AB  - Rats treated with T3 (triiodothyronine) showed an increased heart weight after 3
      days reaching 100% after 3 weeks of treatment compared to untreated controls.
      Cytosol protein kinases were not significantly different in the T3 treated rats
      compared to controls. The protein kinase activity of the NHP (nonhistone
      proteins) increased after 2 hours and doubled after 3 days for each substrate
      tested. After 1 week of T3 treatment the protein kinase activity returned to the
      control value and remained at the control level for the remainder of the 3 week
      experimental period. A study of the distribution of protein kinase activity in
      the NHP by disc gel electrophoresis showed that there was a difference in the
      distribution of some peaks in the T3 treated animals compared to the controls. T3
      in concentrations from 10(-11) to 10(-3) M had no in vitro effect on the
      phosvitin kinase activity of NHP and of cytosol.

PMID- 172779
TI  - The involvement of superoxide anions in the autoxidation of various cofactors of
      cysteamine-oxygenase.
AB  - The reduction of tetranitroblue tetrazolium with cysteamine, mediated by a number
      of dyes, elemental sulphur, elemental selenium and selenide, under aerobic
      conditions, was inhibited to various extent upon addition of superoxide
      dismutase. A strict parallelism between the ability to produce O2- ions and the
      property of those compounds to act as cofactors for cysteamine-oxygenase, to
      yield hypotaurine, has been observed. Based on the fact that the autoxidation of
      cysteamine also gives rise to O2- formation, though to a minor extent, we propose
      a mechanism for cysteamine-oxygenase action. This mechanism was derived from the
      data obtained in the model system studied.

PMID- 172781
TI  - A directed alteration of ribonuclease specificity. Hydrolysis of
      polyribonucleotides containing modified cytosine bases.
AB  - The action of ribonucleases on poly and oligoribonucleotides containing cytosine
      bases modified by methoxyamine and bisulphite was examined. Resistance of
      phosphodiester bonds in (Cp)nXp (where n greater than or equal to 1 and X stands
      for A, G or U) to T2 RNase hydrolysis was observed if substrates were modified
      chemically. The phenomenon formed the basis for isolation of (Cp)nXp blocks as an
      additional tool in sequence investigations. After modification of cytosine
      pancreatic RNase was unable to hydrolyse (Cp)nUp blocks. Therefore the
      specificity of pyrimidyl RNase may be narrowed to 'uridyl RNase'.

PMID- 172780
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors and lymphocytolysis in normal and neoplastic
      lymphocytes.
AB  - When cells of the thymus or mouse leukemias P288 and L1210 are exposed in vitro
      to the potent synthetic glucocorticoid, 3H-Triamcinolone acetonide, the steroid
      enters the cells passively and binds to macromolecules in the cytoplasm. At 37
      degrees C this hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and associates with
      the chromatin. The association with chromatin occurs not only in the
      corticosteroid-sensitive rat thymocytes and mouse tumors P288 and P1798S but also
      in the corticosteroid-resistant mouse tumors L1210 and P1798R. An apparent
      correlation, although not absolute, exists between the content of glucocorticoid
      binding macromolecule and the sensitivity of the lymphocytes studied to the lytic
      effect of glucocorticoids; the sensitive cells having more receptor than the
      resistant cells. The process of lysis is attributed to the release from the much
      larger stores of triglyceride in thymus and sensitive lymphoma cells, of a large
      pool of FFA which causes focal damage to the nuclear membrane resulting in
      karyorrhexis and, subsequently, to cytolysis. Resistance is attributed to the
      capacity for preventing the accumulation of greater than about 0.5 fmole
      FFA/cell. Resistant cells induced to accumulate greater amounts, even for a few
      minutes, ultimately undergo lysis. Most effective in accomplishing this are
      branched chain fatty acids of C-8 and higher, which block FFA metabolism, causing
      accumulation which results in cytolysis.

PMID- 172782
TI  - Influence of a specific histone kinase on the physico-chemical properties of
      chromatin in situ.
AB  - The influence of a specific histone kinase, phosphorylating lysine-rich histone
      F1, F2a2, F2b, on the physico-chemical properties of the chromatin in the whole
      undestroyed fixed cell, has been investigated. It was found that the exogenous
      histone kinase penetrates into the nuclei of the undestroyed fixed cells and into
      the isolated unfixed nuclei and changes the physico-chemical properties of the
      chromatin there, bringing about an increase in binding of a basic dye acridine
      orange and a decrease in its stability to heat.

PMID- 172783
TI  - Cytopathology in viral diseases.

PMID- 172784
TI  - [Results of non-specific iliac crest biopsy in patients with bronchial carcinoma
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Systematic bone marrow examinations in patients with bronchial carcinoma (n
      equals 75) gave positive findings (identification of tumor cells) in 12% related
      to all types of tumors and in 32% of microcellular carcinoma. The information
      value of this method is relatively small with regard to the assessment of
      operability, because positive findings in stages I and II are extremely rare. Non
      specific iliac crest biopsy provides therapeutically and prognostically important
      pointers in patients who are to be irradiated (tumor stage III and all
      microcellular tumors of stages I-III), because a positive bone marrow finding
      must be valued as stage IV.

PMID- 172785
TI  - [Synthetic ACTH in theumatic diseases: (author's transl)].
AB  - 44 patients with acute irritations of degenerative articular diseases and 66
      patients with soft tissue rheumatism were treated with Synacthen Depot
      (tetracosactide hexacetate 1 mg/ml). During the first three days of treatment the
      patients received an average of 2 ampoulbs Synacthen Depot, then treatment was
      continued at 3-4 day intervals. In the degenerative joint disease group 86.4% and
      89.4% in the group with soft tissue rheumatism became free of complaints or
      improved with the ACTH treatment. Most of the patients with degenerative joint
      diseases needed a 4 week treatment; 1/3 of the patients with soft tissue
      rheumatism were already free of complai

PMID- 172786
TI  - Chemical induction of presumed dominant-lethal mutations in postcopulation germ
      cells of mice. I. Relative sensitivity between pre- and postcopulation germ cells
      to isopropyl methanesulfonate.
AB  - Females from (C3H X 101)F1 and a mixed stock were injected intraperitoneally with
      either 25 or 50 mg/kg isopropyl methanesulfonate (IMS) or Hanks' solution 4-5 h
      after the midpoint of the dark period during which mating occurred. It was
      determined that at the time of treatment the great majority of oocytes were
      undergoing second meiotic division. For comparison, the same doses of IMS were
      given to females treated within 3-5 days prior to mating (predominantly dictyate
      oocytes) or to males treated within 4-5 days prior to mating (sperm in vas and
      epididymis). The frequencies of presumed dominant lethals induced by 50 mg/kg IMS
      in sperm treated in vas and epididymis, dictyate oocytes, and germ cells in mated
      females are 22%, 19%, and 79%, respectively, for (C3H X 101)F1 and 26%, 30%, and
      76% for the other stock. Clearly, in both stocks, effects in mated females, when
      both female and male germ cells were treated, are relatively much higher than the
      added effects on dyctyate oocytes and spermatozoa. This is also true for the 25
      mg/kg dose.

PMID- 172787
TI  - Induction of gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations by simian virus 40 in
      cultured mammalian cells.
AB  - Induction of gene mutations by SV40 was studied in aneuploid human and Chinese
      hamster cells. In Chinese hamster cells SV40-induced chromosome aberrations were
      also studied. SV40 penetrated into the cells of both lines and induced synthesis
      of the T antigen. The efficiency of infection in Chinese hamster cells was tested
      additionally by their ability to form colonies in medium lacking the serum growth
      factor. The maximal number of cells with serum growth factor independence was
      observed on the first day after infection. When hamster cells had been maintained
      in "factor-free medium" for the first two passages after infection a sub-line was
      isolated, which synthesized T antigen 60 days after exposure to SV40. This was
      considered to be an indirect proof of the integration of viral genome into host
      chromosome. A significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations
      was detected in SV40-infected Chinese hamster cells. It was observed on the first
      and second days after treatment. The most numberous were the chromosome and
      chromatid breaks, which were distributed randomly  in 5 morphological groups
      according to the chromosome length. SV40-induced mutations of resistance to 8-AG
      and 6-MP in human and Chinese hamster cells respectively were detected, when
      cells were plated in selective medium one to five days after infection. Induction
      was detected in all the 4 experiments with human cells and in 9 out of 11
      experiments with Chinese hamster cells. Induction was highly significant
      according to the Wilcoxon test (P greater than 0.99), when the results of all
      experiments carried out in human and Chinese hamster cells were summarized.
      Resistance was stable after prolonged cultivation of 13 isolated clones under non
      selective conditions. It is suggested that viral genome integration, gene
      mutations and chromosomal aberrations may have common molecular mechanisms. The
      role of gene mutations in virus-induced carcinogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 172788
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of Thermomyces lanuginosa and certain other closely
      related thermophilic fungi.

PMID- 172789
TI  - Letter: Normothermic complete hepatic vascular exclusion for extensive resection
      of the liver.

PMID- 172790
TI  - Neurologic disorders in renal failure (second of two parts).

PMID- 172791
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 4-1976.

PMID- 172792
TI  - Letter: Value of REM sleep.

PMID- 172793
TI  - Absence of infectious Epstein-Barr virus in blood in acute infectious
      mononucleosis.

PMID- 172795
TI  - Structural alterations in fish epidermal mucus produced by water-borne lead and
      mercury.

PMID- 172794
TI  - Human breast cancer responsive to androgen in long term tissue culture.

PMID- 172796
TI  - Persistence of CMV genome in lymphoid cells after congenital infection.

PMID- 172797
TI  - Circadian cycles in binding of 3H-alprenolol to beta-adrenergic receptor sites in
      rat pineal.

PMID- 172798
TI  - Oestradiol receptor of neonatal mouse brain.

PMID- 172799
TI  - Molecular structures of cytidine-5'-diphosphate and cytidine-5'-diphospho
      choline, and their role in intermidiary metabolism.
AB  - The nucleotide coenzyme cytidine-5'-diphospho-choline is highly folded. The CMP
      5' parts of the molecules in the crystal structure are strongly linked by metal
      ligation and hydrogen bonds leaving the phosphoryl-choline residues relatively
      free. Cytidine-5'-diphosphoric acid exists as a zwitterion with N31 protonated.
      The P-O bond lengths from the anhydride bridging oxygen in the pyrophosphate are
      significantly different.

PMID- 172800
TI  - Melanoma cells which require cyclic AMP for growth.

PMID- 172801
TI  - Molecular structure of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

PMID- 172802
TI  - [Virus inhibition using hesperidin].

PMID- 172803
TI  - Lipoprotein receptors and genetic control of cholesterol metabolism in cultured
      human cells.
AB  - Biochemical analysis of cultured fibroblasts obtained from human subjects with
      the autosomal dominant disorder familial hypercholesterolemia has led to the
      identification of a hitherto unrecognized cell-surface receptor for serum
      lipoproteins. This receptor plays a critical role in the physiologic regulation
      of cholesterol metabolism in human cells, and its absence leads to elevation of
      serum-cholesterol levels and severe atheroslerosis.

PMID- 172804
TI  - Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases and binding sites for cyclic AMP in rat
      erythrocytes.
AB  - In red cell preparations from reticulocyte-poor (untreated animals; approximately
      2% reticulocytes) and reticulocyte-rich blood (animals pretreated with
      acetylphenylhydrazide; approximately 60% reticulocytes) of rats, cAMP binding
      sites and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activities were determined. High affinity
      binding sites for cAMP were present both in membrane and cytoplasmic
      preparations; while the apparent binding constants determined in both cell
      fractions (approximately 3 x 10(-9) M for membrane, approximately 2 x 10(-8) M
      for cytoplasmic fractions) were independent of the reticulocyte content of the
      preparations, the respective numbers of sites were about twice as high in the
      reticulocyte-rich as in the reticulocyte-poor preparations. In membrane
      preparations, significant cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity could be
      detected only in membrane fractions from reticulocyte-rich blood which were
      considerably contaminated by intracellular components ("haemoglobin-containing
      membranes') while in washed ("haemoglobin-free') membranes no cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase activity was found. In cytoplasmic preparations both from
      reticulocyte-poor and reticulocyte-rich blood, two different protein kinases, a
      low and a high Ka enzyme, were tentatively differentiated by kinetic data; the
      apparent activation constant for the high Ka enzyme (approximately less than 5 x
      10(-8) M) was in the concentration range of the binding constants determined on
      cytoplasmic preparations. The activity of the high Ka protein kinase was several
      fold higher in reticulocyte-rich than in reticulocyte-poor cytoplasmic fractions,
      while the activity of the low Ka enzyme was obviously independent of the
      reticulocyte content. From the results obtained, it is concluded that in
      premature rat erythrocytes, membrane protein(s) may serve as protein substrates
      for cAMP-dependent protein kinase(s) located in the cytoplasm. This assumption
      was supported by experiments with intact erythrocytes (prelabelled with inorganic
      32P-phosphate) from reticulocyte-rich blood: isoprenaline, theophylline, and also
      dibutyryl-cAMP significantly increased phosphorylation of membrane protein of
      these cells. From the results presented (and others previously reported) it
      becomes evident that only premature rat erythrocytes, i.e. reticulocytes, are
      equipped with a beta-adrenergic receptor-effector system consisting of a beta
      adrenergically stimulated adenyl cyclase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase(s).
      Obviously, the adrenergic receptor system and also part of the effector system is
      lost during the process of red cell maturation.

PMID- 172805
TI  - cAMP as a second messenger in central blood pressure control.
AB  - Injections of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in doses of 125, 250
      and 500 mug/kg into the lateral cerebral ventricle of anaesthetised cats produced
      dose dependent increases in blood pressure and heart rate, while doses of 50, 100
      and 200 mug/kg imidazole-4-acetic acid, a stimulator of phosphodiesterase,
      exerted an opposite effect. The results are discussed in the light of the
      hypothesis that the activity of cardiovascular centres is determined by their
      concentration of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 172806
TI  - Characterisation of the adrenoceptor mediating changes in cyclic adenosine 3'-5'
      monophosphate in chick cerebral hemispheres.
AB  - Noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoprenaline and salbutamol induced marked
      accumulations of cyclic AMP in incubated slices of chick cerebral hemispheres.
      Isoprenaline was both more potent and more powerful than adrenaline or
      noradrenaline and the increase in cyclic AMP elicited by the catecholamines was
      powerfully antagonized by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol but not by
      the alphapadrenoceptor blocker phentolamine. The order of potency of the
      catecholamines isoprenaline greater than adrenaline greater than noradrenaline
      and the ability of the non-catechol salbutamol to stimulate cyclic AMP
      accumulation in chick cerebral slices suggests that the beta-adrenoceptro may
      resemble that found in the lung (beta2) rather than that in the heart (beta1).
      Propranolol proved to be a very potent antagonist of the cyclic AMP response
      induced by isoprenaline in vivo. Beta-adrenoceptor blockade was still evident 12
      hrs after a single injection of the durg although only negligible amounts of 3H
      propranolol could be detected in cerebral tissue after 2 hrs.

PMID- 172807
TI  - Effects of drugs and axotomy on acetylcholine levels in central cholinergic
      neurons.
AB  - Administration of cholinergic nuscarinic agonists either did not alter, or
      increased hippocampal Ach levels, while antagonists lowered the levels. As
      observed previously, placement of lesions in the medial septal area resulted in a
      rise in hippocampal Ach levels in the first thirty minutes. Agonist drugs
      administered immediately before lesion, further increased the post-lesion rise in
      Ach levels. With antagonists, inconsistent results were obtained in that atropine
      blocked the post-lesion rise, while scopolamine and quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB)
      potentiated the post-lesion rise. These results suggest that there may be
      receptor-mediated effects on Ach synthesis or release after axotomy.

PMID- 172808
TI  - Reactions of 4-halogeno-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide with hemoglobin.
AB  - Incubation with ferrihemoglobin or ferricytochrome c transforms 4-bromo-N,N
      dimethylaniline-N-oxide (BrDANO) into 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline, 4-bromo-N
      methylaniline, and 2-dimethylamino-5-bromo-phenol. In a secondary reaction 4
      bromo-N'-(4-bromophenyl)-6-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine (U) was
      found from 2-dimethylamino-5-bromo-phenol and 4-bromo-N-methylaniline. The
      products were isolated and identified, the structure of (U) was elucidated. It
      has been found that the formation of ferrihemoglobin by BrDANO is an
      autocatalytic reaction, ferrihemoglobin being the catalyst. BrDANO reacts with
      the catalyst resulting in the named products. 2-Dimetnylamino-5-bromo-phenol
      oxidizes hemoglobin in the presence of oxygen. Thereby the catalyst
      ferrihemoglobin increases, which in turn increases the transformation of BrDANO
      to ferrihemoglobin forming derivates. This cycyle explains the autocatalytic
      character of the production of ferrihemoglobulin by BrDANO. The primary products
      of the reaction between 4-fluoro-N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide (FDANO) or 4-chloro
      N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide (ClDANO) with cytochrome c, 4-fluoro- and 4-chloro
      N,N-dimethylaniline, 4-fluoro- and 4-chloro-N-methylaniline, 2-dimethylamino-5
      fluoro-phenol, and 2-dimethylamino-5-chloro-phenol were isolated and identified.
      The reactions between N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide (DANO), BrDANO, ClDANO, FDANO,
      and hemoglobin from blood of various species were studied. BrDano and ClDANO
      accelerate the formation of ferrihemoglobin in solutions of hemoglobin from beef
      and dog blood much more effectively than DANO and FDANO.

PMID- 172809
TI  - Adrenal cortex adenylate cyclase: solubilization of adenylate cyclase and guanyl
      nucleotide binding sites.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity and binding sites for 5'-guanylyl-imidiphosphate
      [Cpp(NH)p] have been solubilized from bovine adrenal cortex membranes with Triton
      N-101. Solubilized adenylate cyclase is stimulated by Gpp(nh)p and fluoride ion
      but not by ACTH. Pretreatment of particulate membrane fractions with Gpp(NH)p,
      hormone and Gpp(NH)p or fluoride prior to detergent extraction leads to an
      activated solubilized enzyme which is nearly independent from added stimulants.
      Adenylate cyclase solubilized from membranes pretreated with Gpp(NH)p can be
      separated from guanyl nucleotide binding sites without loss of activity.

PMID- 172811
TI  - 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scans and endocrinologic evaluation in a patient with
      eosinophilic granuloma.

PMID- 172810
TI  - Effect of depolarizing agents on the adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate content of the
      bovine superior cervical ganglion.
AB  - The cAMP content of the bovine superior cervical ganglion increases rapidly when
      the tissue is incubated in media containing high concentrations of potassium and
      theophylline. This effect of high K+ is mimicked by Rb+, Cs+ and NH4+. The
      depolarizing substances veratridine and ouabain also cause an increase in the
      concentration of ganglionic cAMP; the effect of ouabain develops more slowly than
      that of veratridine. Tetracaine, in high concentrations, reduces the response to
      potassium, whereas it reduces the response to veratridine at much lower
      concentrations. Tetrodotoxin, at a concentration that barely affects the response
      to potassium, prevents the response to veratridine.

PMID- 172812
TI  - DNA content of mouse hepatoma nuclei determined by Feulgen cytophotometry.
AB  - The DNA content of mouse hepatoma nuclei was determined by means of Feulgen
      cytophotometry. The tumor nuclei showed a wide range of polyploidy and aneuploidy
      characteristic of malignant cells.

PMID- 172814
TI  - [Three narcoleptic syndromes. Catamnestic and polygraphic results].

PMID- 172813
TI  - [Radiation myelopathy].

PMID- 172815
TI  - [Immunoglobulins A,G, and M in the lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid.
      Normal range and dependence on residual proteins].

PMID- 172816
TI  - Scotomatous defects in the central visual field in pituitary adenomas.
AB  - In a series of 46 cases of pituitary adenomata (34 solid, 6 with yellow cyst, and
      6 with hemorrhagic cyst), we found central scotomatous field defects in 8
      patients. Of these 8 scotomatous cases 4 were associated with tumour containing a
      hemorrhagic cyst. We suggest that rapid expansion of the tumour is one of the
      principal etiological factors in the production of scotomatous instead of
      bitemporal field defects in patients with pituitary adenomas.

PMID- 172817
TI  - [Peripheral nerve damage in upper extremities in glass cutters].
AB  - A group of glass cutters working with flint-glass was analysed in view of their
      susceptibility to ulnar nerve crush injury. The group comprised 429 cutters from
      Eastern Bohemia working in the Bohemia manufacture. The type of work done by
      cutters is described with particular reference to the way in which they rest
      their upper extremities during work and to the duration of work. Subjective
      symptoms were present in 44.7% of workers. The following neurological
      abnormalities were found during examination: hypaesthesia in 36.8%, motor
      activity impairment in 21.9%, muscular atrophy in 8.1%. Autonomic abnormalities
      involved hands in 29.1% of workers. Slight electromyographic abnormalities were
      demonstrated not only in the innervation area of the ulnar nerve but also in that
      of the median nerve. The authors discuss their views on the aetiology of the
      disease and criteria used in medical evaluation of ability to work in these
      workers.

PMID- 172818
TI  - [Studies on cyclic 3', 5'-AMP system in human brain and its clinical application
      in Neurosurgical practice (author's transl)].
AB  - Literatures showed that cyclic AMP of cultured neoplastic cells of any kind was
      very low in concentration and also the effect of cyclic AMP and its derivatives
      on the malignant cells, especially on the malignant glioma, was already reported
      in vivo or in vitro from several neurosurgical units. The intrinsic content of
      cyclic AMP of the human cerebrum and the human brain tumors was first reported by
      authors in 1971. In this presentation the authors intended to confirm that the
      lower concentration of the cyclic AMP the more histologically malignant cerebral
      neoplasm, as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid, was observed. Concentration of
      cyclic AMP in the subcortical white matter, glioma, meningioma and
      medullobalstoma was much lower than in the gray matter tissue, however, it was
      not clear that the difference of the cyclic AMP concentration be possibly related
      to the malignancy of the human brain tumor. Furthermore, the cyclic AMP content
      of the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients with various brain tumor was not
      clearly different. The activity of adenyl cyclase was reported the highest in the
      synaptosome-containing fraction of the rat brain homogenate and this fact was
      significantly consistent with the finding that the highest concentration of the
      cyclic AMP was found in the human grey matter tissue. With the human brain gray
      matter authors determined successfully the activity of the human cerebral
      phosphodiesterase, which was probably localized in the post-synaptic membrane and
      was 158 nmole/mg protein/min. Its apparent Km was 0.9 x 10(-4) M. The results
      reported above have suggested the important participation of the cyclic AMP to
      cerebral synaptic transmission of nerve impulses, which was studied by light and
      electron-microscopic autoradiography utilizing the pulse labeling method with 3H
      adenine. According to our study the majority of the adenyl cyclase of the human
      cerebrum was located synaptic structure and the finding obtained was quite
      compatible, as the first morphological study, with previously reported
      biochemical analyses. It was indicated that the cyclic AMP in the human brain was
      concerned to the cerebral synaptic transmission of nerve impulses and this should
      be very interesting and important to the clinical application for recovering
      cerebral function of neurosurgical patients.

PMID- 172819
TI  - [Viruses and brain tumors (author's transl)].
AB  - This brief review paper deals mainly with oncogenic DNA viruses originally
      isolated from human patients, i.e., human adenoviruses and human papova JC
      viruses. Human adenovirus type 12 was first isolated in 1953 in cell cultures
      derived from the adenoids of infected children. Since then, 32 antigenic types of
      human adenovirus have been identified. At least eight serotypes (12, 18, 31, 3,
      7, 14, 16, and 21) are now known to be capable of producing tumors in newborn
      rodents. A direct causal relationship between a human adenovirus and malignant
      transformations in target cells (sensory neuronal precursors) has been definitely
      established by the development of a medullo-epitheliomatous neoplasm in the brain
      and spinal cord of an outbred strain of CD rats at as high an incidence as 90%.
      Intraocular inoculation of adenovirus in newborn rats within one week also has
      produced typical retinoblastomatous neoplasms. The remarkably uniform
      histopathologic appearance of all these malignancies in nervous tissue can be
      attributed to a primitive neuro-epitheliomatous neoplasm derived from sensory
      microneuron precursors that densely populate both the ventricular zone and the
      premature sensory retina at the point of virus inoculation. All of these brain
      and retinal tumors appear to share a common tumor phenotype, as all tumor cells
      contain cilia with the same morphology (a 9+0 pattern of doublets associated with
      a pair of centrioles). The production of adenovirus tumor-specific neoantigen
      (T), an earmark of the viral genome, can be regularly demonstrated by the
      immunofluorescein microscopic procedure. All transformed cells within both the
      ventricular zone and the retinal ganglion cell anlage thus appear to continue the
      production of (T) antigens. These findings lead us to assume that the target cell
      determinants in adenovirus tumorigenesis may reside in differentiating
      microneuron precursors ordained for the sensory neuronal complex.

PMID- 172820
TI  - Effect of insulin induced hypoglycemia on ACTH, cortisol, and growth hormone
      release in man.

PMID- 172821
TI  - Normal activity of metabolic pathways involved in the formation and utilization
      of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate in erythrocytes of patients with primary metabolic
      gout.
AB  - The activity of metabolic pathways involved in the formation and utilization of
      phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) was studied in. The erythrocytes of 34
      patients with idiopathic metabolic gout. The activities of the oxidative pentose
      shunt, of the hypoxanthine-guanine and adenine phosphoribosyltransferases (HGPRT,
      APRT) and of PRPP synthetase, as well as the rates of PRPP generation and of
      adenine incorporation into nucleotides were found to be normal in the
      erythrocytes of all these patients. Four patients with metabolic gout due to
      enzymatic abnormalities, two relatives with partial deficiency of HGPRT and two
      relatives with mutant feedback-resistant PRPP synthetase, were studied for
      comparison. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to
      postulated mechanisms for purine overproduction in metabolic gout.

PMID- 172823
TI  - Brain and myocardial lesions in copper-deficient young rats.

PMID- 172822
TI  - The endocrinology of adult protein-calorie malnutrition.

PMID- 172824
TI  - New diagnostic tests for viral hepatitis A.

PMID- 172825
TI  - Malignant prostatic cystosarcoma phyllodes.

PMID- 172826
TI  - Change--rehabilitation in psychiatric nursing.

PMID- 172827
TI  - Fetal lung maturatio. III. Amniotic fluid phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase
      (PAPase) and its relation to the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to establish 1) the sequential changes in specific
      activity of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAPase) in amniotic fluid and its
      relation to the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio; and 2) the origin of amniotic
      fluid PAPase. the increase in the amniotic fluid L/S ratio is preceded by an
      increase in PAPase activity, rising from 15 nmoles of phosphate released per
      milligram of protein per hour at 30 weeks to 100 nmoles at 37 weeks. The mean
      PAPase activity in the nasopharyngeal fluid of the infant is 456 nmoles of
      phosphate released per ml per hour, the amniotic fluid mean PAPase activity at
      delivery being 129 nmoles (P less than 0.01). These findings are consistent with
      the view that amniotic fluid PAPase originates, in part, from the fetal lung and
      likely participates in the regulation of the synthesis of lecithin.

PMID- 172828
TI  - The partial purification of Clostridium perfringens beta toxin.
AB  - An attempt was made to purify Clostridium perfringens Beta toxin. Crude toxin
      prepared by ammonium sulphate precipitation of culture supernatants was purified
      by chromatography on Sephadex G50, Sephadex G100 and DEAE cellulose. This
      material, although highly purified was not homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. It had a toxicity of 800 000 mouse MLDs/mg N, a typical protein
      absorption spectrum in the UV region, an iso-electric point of 5, 6 and the main
      component had a molecular mass of 42 000 +/- 2 000 (estimated by electrophoresis
      in sodium dodecyl sulphate containing polyacrylamide gels).

PMID- 172831
TI  - [Viral hepatitis A and B].

PMID- 172830
TI  - [Letter: Immunization against varicella (the priority of Pal Ferencz)].

PMID- 172832
TI  - [On a case of purulent pericarditis in a young child caused by mycobacterium
      rhodochrous].
AB  - M. rhodochrous was cultivated from the blood of a 2 1/2 year-old child with
      purulent pericarditis and is regarded as the causative agent. The process was
      successfully treated by chemotherapy and surgical measures. The problems of
      bacteriological diagnostics are discussed in detail with particular reference to
      the taxonomical differentiation of these agents and the treatment of their
      infections.

PMID- 172829
TI  - [Correlations between herpesvirus and cervix carcinoma based on antigen-antibody
      studies].

PMID- 172834
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the excretory system of the hungry female tick
      Hyalomma asiaticum P. Sch. et E. Schl. Report II].
AB  - In H. asiaticum the cells of the Malpighian tubules and these of the rectal cas
      have the uniform structure: the apical surface is covered with microvilli, the
      basal plasmatic membrane forms relatively small invaginations. As to
      ultrastructural characters, there is no distinct division of the Malpighian
      tubule into departments. The distal ends of the tubules are only somewhat
      enlarged and form the so-called ampulla the cells of which are noticeably
      flattened. The microvilli and basal folds of the plasmatic membrane in this area
      of the tubule are indistinct. The cells of the ampulla and the neighbouring area
      of the tubule are characterized by the presence of inclusions with
      mucopolysaccharide secretion confined by the membrane. The microvilli are most
      developed on cells of the proximal ends of the Malpighian tubules. Well developed
      microvilli of the rectal sac form a striated border each containing a microtube
      inside. The basal invaginations are developed here better than in the cells of
      the Malpighian tubules.

PMID- 172833
TI  - [Distribution of some enzymes in totally stained preparations of cestodes].
AB  - The distribution of succinic dehydrogenase, (see article), glucose-6-phosphat
      dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatases and glucose-6-phosphatase was
      studied by means of the incubation of whole cestodes. Succinic dehydrogenase, NAD
      diaphorase and glucose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase are connected in general with the
      fixating apparatus of the scolex and genital organs; phosphatases -- with the
      integument tissues, excretory system and calcareous corpuscles. The results
      obtained are in complete agreement with the available data on the distribution of
      the enzymes studied. The incubation method of whole cestodes can be useful for
      field works.

PMID- 172835
TI  - The mode of action of steroid hormones: Some recent findings.

PMID- 172836
TI  - Neoplasms of cats caused by oncornaviruses.

PMID- 172837
TI  - Cytomegalovirus pulmonary disease.

PMID- 172839
TI  - [Calcium and magnesium concentrations of the renal cortex in the rat. Comparison
      of 3 methods of tissular extraction of the principal cations].
AB  - We describe three methods for extraction of main tissular cations : a) dry ashing
      method; b) wet ashing method with HNO3; c) wet method on fresh tissue with HCIO4.
      This study allows the determination of tissular concentrations of calcium,
      magnesium in renal cortex of the Rat. Our findings show : a loss of Na, K cations
      probably by volatilization with dry ashing method ; inability for K determination
      when HCIO4 method is used ; tissular concentrations are : 4,7 mEq Ca ; 21,6 mEq
      Mg per kg of wet tissue (wet ashing method with HNO3) ; recovery percentage for
      magnesium is above 100 % (as previously shown by other authors) ; the dry ashing
      method is less suitable for extraction than the two other methods ; both wet
      methods lead to similar results and to a recovery percentage near 100 %.

PMID- 172838
TI  - [Short-term biological effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin in Paget's disease.
      Influence of posology].
AB  - In ten patients with Paget's disease of bone (Group I) intramuscular injection of
      50 MRC units of synthetic Salmon calcitonin (SCT) induced a marked decrease of
      serum calcium (-1,444 mg%), serum phosphorus (-1,06 mg%), urinary total
      hydroxyproline (-71%), and a marked increase of urinary cyclic AMP (+ 114%).
      These changes occur at maximum 6 hours after the injection with a return to the
      initial values after 24 hours. In six other patients with Paget's disease (Group
      II) the acute biological effects were of the same nature and magnitude after the
      injection of 100 MRC units of SCT. In this group a significant but temporary
      increase of the plasma parathyroid hormone level was demonstrated. The magnitude
      of the hypocalcemia seems proportional to the initial serum alkaline phosphatase
      and urinary hydroxyproline levels. After one month of treatment, the alkaline
      phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline have more marked and more regular decrease
      in group II who received 100 MRC units of SCT daily than in group I who received
      50 MRC units three times a week. The cellular mechanisms of these biological
      changes are discussed. A posology of two daily injections of 50 MRC units of SCT
      is suggested when a quick and maximum stoppage of pagetic remodeling is required.

PMID- 172840
TI  - [Herpes simplex virus antibodies in 18 patients submitted to immunosuppressive
      agents after renal transplantation].
AB  - The titer of circulating antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 was tested in
      18 patients for a few months before and after renal transplantation. No clinical
      illness was observed in the group of patients lacking antibodies. On the
      contrary, half of those with antibodies developed cutaneous eruption within 2 to
      4 weeks following treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. No relationship could
      be found between the appearance of clinical illness and the rise in antibody
      titer. This lack of correlation could be explained by the multiple modifications
      occurring in the immune system of the host submitted to immunosuppressive drugs.

PMID- 172841
TI  - Application of pulse polarography with anodic stripping voltammetry to biological
      and toxicological analyses for lead and cadmium.
AB  - The development of polarographic techniques within the last thirty years has made
      possible exceptional increases in sensitivity ; thus the order of concentration
      studied has passed from 10-3 g ion/1. to 10-10 g ion/1. Pulse polarography with
      anodic stripping voltammetry is, therefore, particularly suitable for the
      determination of a large number of the so-called " biologically  essential " and
      " highly toxic " metals, more often than not present in extremely low
      concentrations in biological samples which may be of limited volume (blood, for
      example). Our principal concern has been to describe and apply a method for the
      determination of lead and cadmium, sufficiently sensitive, precise, practical and
      rapid for everyday use by biologists and toxicologists. A fortiori this method is
      applicable in hydrology to the determination of traces of these metals in water.

PMID- 172842
TI  - [Mathematical study of size distribution of alveolar mononuclear cells (CMA) in
      man].
AB  - The mathematical study using the Wicksell transformation of the size distribution
      of the mononuclear alveolar cells has shown two different populations among the
      alveolar macrophages obtained from 4 adult men. These two types of cells could be
      also found out and described by electron microscopy. The large cells (14 microns
      in diameter) looked like the "alveolar macrophage ", with many phagolysosomes.
      The small cells (7 microns in diameter), less numerous (1/3 of the whole
      population) resembled monocytes. These data in man are compared to those found in
      rabbits and the role ot two kinds of cells is discussed.

PMID- 172843
TI  - [Epithelioid cell. Ultrastructural data during various pathological conditions].
AB  - A morphological study permitted us to show that the epithelioid cell is an active
      cell, the characteristic vesicles of which seem to be linked to the presence of a
      glycoprotein substance which passes through the Golgi apparatus and becomes
      accumlated in the lysosomes owing to their richness in acid phosphatase. A
      fraction of this substance may be secreted into the extra-cellular medium,
      without it being possible to determine its precise nature and whether this
      function is carried out only by this cell.

PMID- 172844
TI  - Fibroxanthosarcoma of bone.
AB  - A tumour arising from the body of the eighth thoracic vertebra is believed to be
      the first recordedexample of a primary fibroxanthosarcoma of bone. Apart from the
      absence of a demonstrable storiform pattern, the histology conformed to that of
      fibroxanthosarcoma of the soft tissues. Ultrastructural studies showed that
      asteroid-like bodies seen in the cytoplasm of some tumour cells consisted of
      aggregated centrioles surrounded by cytoplasmic vacuoles. The finding of
      Langerhans cell granules in some tumour cells supported their identification as
      histiocytes. These granules have not previously been recorded in the fibrous
      histiocytoma group of tumours.

PMID- 172845
TI  - Current concepts of acute and chronic viral hepatitis.

PMID- 172846
TI  - Difficulties in treating lead poisoning.

PMID- 172847
TI  - The child with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 172848
TI  - Sphingomyelinases in human tissues. II. Absence of a specific enzyme from liver
      and brain of Niemann-Pick disease, type C.
AB  - Sphingomyelinase was obtained in excellent yield from liver and brain by
      homogenization with 0.05 M citrate-phosphate buffer, pH 4.5, containing 0.25%
      Triton-X-100 (v/v) followed by dialysis of the supernatant fluids against 1%
      glycine. Total recovery of enzyme was slightly less with tissue from Niemann-Pick
      disease compared with control tissue. Isoelectric focusing of liver and brain
      extracts was successfully used to resolve several species of sphingomyelinase.
      Three (I-III) of the five species were partially characterized. Enzyme I (pI 4.6)
      had a pH optimum of 4.8-5.0 in acetate buffer and a Km value of 0.026 mM. Both
      sphingomyelinases I and II were the major enzymes, whereas III, IV, and V were
      found at lower levels. Of the two major species in normal liver and brain (I and
      II), species I alone persisted in liver from the two cases of type C, while
      species III, IV, and V were present. In brain, only species II was decreased but
      the resolution of the brain enzymes was less satisfactory.

PMID- 172849
TI  - Sphingomyelinases in human tissues. III. Expression of Niemann-Pick disease in
      cultured skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Sphingomyelinase was effectively extracted cultured fibroblasts homogenized in 1%
      glycine. The average specific activity was 24.6 nmol substrate hydrolyzed per hr
      per mg protein. Cultured cells from two cases of Niemann-Pick disease type A and
      one case of type B had markedly reduced enzyme activity, whereas, in type E
      cells, total activity was twice normal. Sphingomyelinase was resolved by
      isoelectric focusing into three peaks of activity (I-II), where I and II were the
      major forms. Species I had a pI of 4.6, II a pI of 4.8, and III a pI of 5.0. All
      three peaks, although markedly reduced, were present in cell extracts from both
      types A and B. All species of enzyme in B cells were found at higher levels than
      in A cells. Cultured cells from a case of type E contained sphingomyelinase I at
      a level several fold higher than normal, species II was absent, whereas III was
      found at near normal levels.

PMID- 172850
TI  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase deficiency: a cause of congenital chronic
      lactic acidosis in infancy.
AB  - A male child presented on the first day of life with metabolic acidosis with
      elevated blood lactate (15 mM), pyruvate (0.4 mM), and free fatty acid (1.3 mM)
      levels and a blood pH of 7.16. The severity of the acidosis was diminished by
      intravenous administration of glucose in large doses and by bicarbonate. On two
      occasions, when the acidosis was particularly severe, peritoneal dialysis using
      an acetate buffer was required. Restriction of the dietary intake of saturated
      fatty acids or treatment with nicotinic acid also appeared to diminish the
      severity of acidosis. No improvement was achieved by the administration of
      thiamine or biotin. Tissues taken at postmortem showed normal activity of
      gluconeogenic enzymes and pyruvate dehydrogenase. The activity of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase in tissue homogenates preincubated with ATP was reduced by 60-75%
      both in liver of the patient and of the controls because of the inactivation of
      the enzyme by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Addition of Ca++ and Mg++ to the
      inactivated enzyme caused a prompt return of the activity to normal in controls
      but not in the patient. This defect, which was apparent in muscle and liver but
      not in brain, we attribute to a markedly reduced activity of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase phosphatase in the patient.

PMID- 172851
TI  - Demonstration of human leukocyte degranulation induced by sera from homozygotes
      and heterozygotes for cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The ability of epsilon-amino caproic acid (EACA)-treated normal serum and of
      cystic fibrosis (CF)-affected and carrier sera to promote the release of
      lysosomal enzymes from sensitized human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was
      assessed through the measurement of beta-glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase
      activity after exposure of these cells to the various test sera. This study was
      initiated to extend the analogies between preciliary dyskinesia factor (pre-CDF),
      separated from the cell-free media of cultures derived from CF homozygous and
      heterozygous individuals, and C3a anaphylatoxin. The extent of lysosomal
      degranulation of human PMN exposed to fresh untreated sera of each of five
      controls, seven CF homozygotes, and eight heterozygotes, as expressed by the
      amount of beta-glucuronidase releases, was 7.84% (+/- 0.934) for countrol sera,
      14.01% (+/- 1.79) for CF-affected sera, and 10.61% (+/- 1.43) for heterozygous
      sera. The difference between CF homozygotes and control subjects is significatn
      (P less than 0.0001), as is the difference between CF-affected and carrier
      individuals (0.001 less than P less than 0.005) and between control subjects and
      carriers (0.001 less than P less than 0.005), when beta-glucuronidase. However,
      the differences between control subjects and CF heterozygous individuals are not
      significant. Treatment of these sera with 1 M EACA gave values for beta
      glucuronidase and myeloperoxidase release which are slightly reduced when
      compared with those obtained with fresh, untreated samples. EACA apparently
      reduces the activity of beta-glucuronidase released from PMN. Amicon filtration
      studies of these serum samples demonstrated that degranulating ability and the
      presence of cilicary dyskinesia, as assessed by rabbit tracheal bioassay, are not
      always associated. Therefore, the relationship between pre-CDF and the
      degranulator activity in native CF-affected and carrier sera is unclear, in part
      because of the limitations inherent in the test systems employed.

PMID- 172852
TI  - [Morphological and cytochemical studies of cells in skin inflammatory exudates
      and peripheral blood cells in children with normal and enlarged thymus].

PMID- 172853
TI  - Seroepidemiologic survey of varicella: Value of specific fluorescent antibody
      test.
AB  - The sensitive varicella-zoster fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (V-Z
      FAMA) test was used in a seroepidemiologic survey of two outbreaks of varicella
      involving 30 children. The attack rate of varicella based on clinical
      observations alone was 60%. The attack rate based on clinical and serological
      observations lay between 78% and 82%, after excluding those children who had
      detectable antibody at the time of exposure. No subclinical varicella infection
      was observed in this small series of patients. No boost in antibody response was
      observed in immunes who were exposed to varicella. No patients with detectable V
      Z antibody by FAMA at the time of exposure developed clinical varicella. The V-Z
      FAMA test provided helpful information about the immune status of persons exposed
      to varicella.

PMID- 172854
TI  - A comparison of the physical and intellectual development of black children with
      and without sickle-cell trait.
AB  - Sickle-cell trait, a condition present in 7% to 9% of the United States Black
      population, is usually considered to be a clinically benign condition. However,
      there is increasing evidence to indicate the contrary, that is, the clinical
      pathophysiology is variable, ranging from a benign condition in most cases to a
      relatively few cases of severe pathological involvement. Physical and
      intellectual growth measures were taken on 19 children with sickle-cell trait (12
      boys and 7 girls) from a large study of Black same-sex twin pairs from
      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and compared to measures taken of a sample of normal
      Black children from 155 monozygotic and dizygotic same-sex twin pairs. Sickle
      cell trait carriers were found to weigh less, have smaller upper arm
      circumference lesser skinfold thickness, and showed less mature skeletal age,
      differing significantly from normal children. Sickle-cell carriers tended to
      score lower on four of five intellectual measures, scoring one fifth to one third
      of a standard deviation lower than normal children.

PMID- 172855
TI  - The RWT method for the prediction of adult stature.
AB  - The Roche- Wainer- Thissen (RWT) method estimates the adult stature of an
      individual from data recorded at a single childhood examination. The data
      required are recumbent length, nude weight, midparent stature, and hand-wrist
      skeletal age. If necessary, a measurement of the child's stature can be
      transformed to be approximately equivalent to recumbent length with little loss
      of accuracy. When applied to data from three longitudinal growth studies, the
      prediction errors with the RWT method were smaller than those with the method of
      Bayley and Pinneau.

PMID- 172856
TI  - [Effect of acute and chronic hypoxia on the content of nicotinamide coenzymes in
      the erythrocytes of newborn infants].

PMID- 172857
TI  - Cyclic AMP and the potassium-induced vasodilation.
AB  - The cAMP concentration of bovine facial arteries (helical strips) increased from
      0.84 +/- 0.14 to 1.51 +/- 0.24 nmole/g wet weight, when the strips were relaxed
      by exposure to a physiological salt solution containing 10 instead of 2.7 mM KCl.
      A similar result (increase from 1.13 +/- 0.15 to 2.07 +/- 0.29 nmole cAMP/g wet
      weight) was obtained in strips pretreated with 10(-7) g/ml beta-methyldigoxin.
      These strips reacted to 10 mM KCl with a constriction. Addition of the
      phosphodiesterase activator N-methyl-imidazole (3 - 10(-3)M) did not affect the
      mechanical response to 10 mM KCl. It is concluded that for the potassium-induced
      vasodilation cAMP does not have a mediating function comparable to that in beta
      adrenergic relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 172858
TI  - Contribution of long chain fatty acids to the energy supply of the rat kidney
      cortex.
AB  - Tubular fragments from rat kidney cortex were isolated by collagenase and
      suspended in an incubation medium containing a combination of several renal
      substrates. Substrate concentrations were in the physiological range. O2 uptake,
      total CO2 production, and the 14CO2 production from U-14C-labeled palmitate and
      oleate were measured. During the first minutes of incubation the CO2 production
      from palmitate and oleate was 10.5% or 6.3%, respectively, of the total CO3
      produced. The RQ was 0.897. A subsequent decrease of the total CO2 production at
      a constant uptake of oxygen indicated a rising contribution of fatty acids to the
      fuel of respiration. The renal preference for substrates other than longchain
      fatty acids is discussed.

PMID- 172860
TI  - Phase shift in the REM sleep rhythm.
AB  - The periodic alternation between REM and NREM sleep was analyzed. Usually, sleep
      records of consecutive nights of a subject are regarded to be independent events.
      However, it may be that consecutive nights are realizations of a continuously
      ongoing rhythm. This was tested in the present study. The temporal patterns of
      REM and NREM sleep in sequences of about 30 consecutive nights for 3 subjects
      were analyzed. The results show that only the onset of the first REM sleep phase
      during any one night may be predicted from the sleep onset time, whereas a
      systematic phase shift between consecutive nights was observed in the later REM
      sleep phases. Thus, the onset of later REM sleep phases is better predicted by
      assuming a rhythm with stable period length which controls the appearance of REM
      sleep phases in successive nights. Under the experimental conditions the phase
      shift was between 5 and 10 min per 24 hrs for the 3 subjects. The result is
      accordance with Kleitman's basic rest activity cycle (BRAC) hypothesis.

PMID- 172859
TI  - Vasopressin dependent adenylate cyclase in single segments of rabbit kidney
      tubule.
AB  - AVP dependent adenylate cyclase activity was measured in single pieces of 8
      different tubular segments isolated from collagenase treated rabbit kidneys. High
      responses were observed in all the tested portions of the collecting tubule, that
      is its cortical branched part (BCT), its cortical straight part (CCT) and its
      outer medullary part (MCT). Dose response curves indicated in CCT: 2 fold
      threshold stimulation at 10(-11) M AVP, 27 fold stimulation at 10(-6) M AVP, half
      maximal stimulation at about 10(-9) M AVP. Both the medullary (MAL) and, to a
      lesser extent, the cortical (CAL) portions of the thick ascending limb were also
      observed to contain AVP sensitive adenylate cyclase (for MAL: 2 fold threshold
      stimulation at 10(-9) M AVP, 9 fold stimulation at 10(-7) M AVP, half maximal
      stimulation at 5 X 10(-9) M AVP). In contrast, nearly no responsiveness to AVP
      was observed in the proximal convoluted tubule, in the thin descending limb of
      the loop and in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The limited response obtained
      in DCT (which is a structure generally considered as a target site for AVP) as
      well as the clearcut effect elicited by AVP in MAL (the functioning of which is
      not known to be controlled by ADH) were expected observations; their possible
      physiological implications will be discussed.

PMID- 172861
TI  - Neuronal activity in the lateral vestibular necleus of the cat. IV. Postsynaptic
      potentials evoked by stimulation of peripheral somatic nerves.
AB  - The synaptic input to Deiters neurones evoked by stimulation of peripheral
      somatic nerves was measured by intracellular recordings. EPSPs with broad
      receptive fields and latencies which indicate polysynaptic connexions were
      commonly evoked from the FRA. In other cells, low threshold cutaneous afferents
      were effective at rather short latencies suggesting oligosynaptic connexions from
      fast ascending fibres. One example was found of EPSPs due to low threshold muscle
      afferents. IPSPs due to climging fibre activation of Purkinje cells as observed
      in most of the neurones were evoked by cutaneous volleys above 1.5-2.0T and
      muscle volleys above 5T (above 3-3.5T in case of Q). Often, IPSPs were evoked by
      stimulation of nerves, to the segmental level of which the the vestibulospinal
      neurone under investigation projected. A small proportion of cells received short
      latency IPSPs involving direct fast mossy fibre tracts, which were evoked from
      low threshold cutaneous afferents. IPSPs due to polysynaptic mossy fibre
      activation of Purkinje cells were evoked from the FRA bilaterally and from
      ipsilateral cutaneous afferents at 1.5-2.0T ("prolonged inhibition"). Prolonged
      excitatory/inhibitory events mediated by mossy fibre pathways may be involved in
      quadruped locomotion or other processes making use of a broad motor integration.

PMID- 172862
TI  - Changes in chemosensitivity of developing chick muscle fibres in relation to
      endplate formation.
AB  - 1. The sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh) of the fast posterior latissimus dorsi
      (PLD) and slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) during embryonic development was
      studied and compared. The sensitivities were expressed as a ratio of the maximal
      tetanic tension and tension developed in response to ACh. 2. Up to the 17th day
      of incubation both muscles are sensitive to ACh to a similar extent; at the 18th
      day the sensitivity of the PLD muscle decreases and continues to do so until
      hatching and thereafter. 3. Since the decrease in sensitivity of PLD muscles
      takes place a few days after innervation, it is suggested that this is caused by
      activity of the motor nerve. To test this curare (dTc) and hemicholinium (HC-3),
      drugs that interfere with neuromuscular transmission, were injected into the yolk
      sac of the embryos when nervemuscle connections are usually established. In the
      curare and HC-3 treated embryos the desensitization of the PLD muscles did not
      take place. 4. The distribution of endplates on PLD muscles from drug treated 20
      21 day old embryos was compared to that of untreated controls. Whereas control
      PLD muscles have only one band of endplates, muscles from curarized embryos and
      HC-3 treated embryos have several bands of endplates, and many muscle fibres with
      multiple innervation were found. 5. It is suggested that nerve fibres which make
      connections with PLD muscle fibres bring about a decline in chemosensitivity by
      releasing more transmitter, and thereby prevent further nerve muscle connections
      from being made along the same muscle fibre.

PMID- 172863
TI  - [Scintigraphy of the choroid plexus (choroid plexography)].
AB  - An increase concentration of pertechnate in the choroid plexus was demonstrated
      in 21 patients pretreated with tin pyrophosphate injected intravenously 24 hours
      before the examination. Using this technique, the choroid plexus are seen quite
      clearly, giving indirectly a picture of the intracerebral ventricles. A dynamic
      study was carried out in 12 patients, 3 of whom had abnormalities of the
      cerebrospinal fluid circulation demonstrated by isotope cisternography. The
      results obtained were characterised by a typical diphasic curve with variations
      in the pathological cases.

PMID- 172864
TI  - [Letter: The treatment of brain edema during hepatic coma].

PMID- 172865
TI  - [Letter: Lesional pulmonary edema, secondary to bronchiolo-alveolar cancer].

PMID- 172866
TI  - [Letter: Peripheral neuropathy after prolonged adsorption of perhexiline maleate.
      2 cases].

PMID- 172867
TI  - [Ultrastructural abnormalities of the chondrocytes in pycnodysostosis. Their
      relation to a disorder of lipid metabolism].
AB  - The ultrastructural study of the growth cartilage of pycnodysostosis reveals the
      presence of abnormal inclusions in the majority of the chondrocytes. The
      inclusions are single membrane bound and contain granular material and lamellar
      irregularly interwoven structures which at very high magnification appear to be
      made up of dense parallel bands. These vacuoles displace adjacent structures and
      some of them appear to be closely related to the Golgi apparatus. In addition,
      appearances are sometimes seen which suggest the expulsion of the vacuoles into
      the cell capsules. The abnormal chondrocyte inclusions are visible by optic
      microscopy and stained with Nile blue on frozen section. Thus, histochemical and
      ultrastructural characteristics suggest a lipid (probably phospholipid) content.
      Many authors have already stressed the role of lipids in the process of
      calcification. The abnormalities described might bear some relation to the
      densification of the skeleton seen in pycnodysostosis.

PMID- 172868
TI  - [Letter: Amyloid excess in Waldenstrom's disease. A case revealed by peripheral
      neuropathy].

PMID- 172869
TI  - [Letter: Epidemic conjunctivitis due to B type adenovirus].

PMID- 172870
TI  - [Letter: Anti-beta-lipoprotein (anti-Ag) antibodies in a patient with major
      thalassemia].

PMID- 172871
TI  - Some therapeutic concepts of sleep.

PMID- 172872
TI  - Wilms' tumour.

PMID- 172873
TI  - [Cyclic GMP and its role in intracellular transmission of biological
      information].

PMID- 172875
TI  - [Corticosteroids and collagen metabolism].

PMID- 172874
TI  - [Usefulness of enzymatic studies in clinical toxicology].

PMID- 172876
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of pancreatic insulinoma].

PMID- 172877
TI  - Prazosin: biochemistry and structure-activity studies.
AB  - Prazosin, a structurally and mechanistically novel antihypertensive agent, is the
      culmination of a systematic synthesis and pharmacologic developmental effort
      which had as its goal the development of an agent that would lower blood pressure
      by direct vasodilation. Pharmacologic studies have demonstrated that the
      vasodilator action of prazosin is confined primarily to the arterioles and that
      antihypertensive effects are unaccompanied by excessive increases in heart rate.
      Evidence is presented rationalizing these observations on a biochemical basis.
      Results of inhibitory studies with isolated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
      are consistent with the hypothesis that prazosin elicits its therapeutic effects
      by increasing intracellular levels of cyclic AMP at vascular sites and
      intracellular levels of cyclic GMP at cholinergic receptor sites in the heart.
      Tissue distribution studies with radioactive prazosin-2-14C are in accord with
      this rationale and further support the mechanistic conclusions reached on the
      basis of pharmacologic observations. Pharmacokinetic and biotransformation
      studies indicate that prazosin is well absorbed and is excreted principally in
      metabolized form with biliary excretion being the major route of elimination. A
      high margin of safety for prazosin has been established in safety evaluation
      studies in a variety of animal species.

PMID- 172879
TI  - Multiple carcinomas of the large and small bowel in childhood.

PMID- 172881
TI  - The treatment of polyneuropathy.

PMID- 172880
TI  - Effect of beclomethasone dipropionate inhalations on adrenal function.

PMID- 172882
TI  - Recent concepts in the treatment of menopausal symptoms.

PMID- 172883
TI  - Renal transplantation in the very young child.
AB  - Thirteen children, aged between one and five years, received transplants and 11,
      all related-donor recipients, are alive (mean follow-up 2.2 yr). Five had
      congenital nephrotic syndrome, 5 had hypoplastic-dysplastic kidneys and one each
      had polycystic kidneys, nephroblastoma and glomerulonephritis. One child died of
      peritonitis and one died following irrevocable rejection. Two children required
      retransplantation. The present serum creatinine of the survivors is 0.67 +/- 0.23
      (x +/- SD)mg/100ml. Eight of the 11 survivors have shown catch-up growth. Thus we
      conclude that related-donor transplantation is warranted in children having
      reached the age of one year and six kilograms in body weight.

PMID- 172878
TI  - Infectious diseases: fortieth and final annual review of significant
      publications.

PMID- 172884
TI  - Circadian rhythm of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in normal man
      and in renal allograft recipients.
AB  - In normal supine man, a marked circadian rhythm was found in plasma renin
      activity (PRA) and in plasma aldosterone concentration, with highest levels in
      the morning and lowest in the evening. Short-term suppression of ACTH by
      dexamethasone did not eliminate the circadian variation of plasma aldosterone. In
      patients with a transplanted and thus denervated kidney, no such rhythm of PRA
      could be observed. From our data it is suggested that the normal circadian rhythm
      of PRA depends on intact renal innervation and is controlled by the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 172885
TI  - Pulmonary infections after kidney transplantation.
AB  - Seventy-five pulmonary infections out of 173 kidney transplantations have been
      observed in 62 graft-recipients, from 1965 to 1973. The aetiologic organism is a
      bacteria in 80%  of the cases, a fungus in 8% of the cases, cytomegalovirus and
      Pneumocystis Carinii in 11% of the cases. A close relationship between infection
      and a previous transplant crisis was noted in 66% of the cases. The most
      efficient diagnostic procedures were pleural and open lung biopsy as well as
      cultures of blood, pleural fluid and tracheobronchial secretions. Treatment was
      effective in 60% of bacterial and Pneumocystitis Carinii infections; on the other
      hand, it was less useful in fungal infections and totally ineffective in
      cytomegalovirus infections. Despite a possible increase in the risk of rejection,
      reduction or even arrest of immunosuppressive therapy is recommended in severe
      infections.

PMID- 172886
TI  - Control of oscillating glycolysis of yeast by stochastic, periodic, and steady
      source of substrate: a model and experimental study.
AB  - Type and range of entrainment of glycolytic oscillations by a periodic source of
      substrate are determined experimentally in yeast extracts. Subharmonic
      entrainment proves the nonlinear nature of the glycolytic oscillator Random
      variation of the substrate input yields sustained oscillations of irregular
      waveform and stable period. The results agree with the predictions of an
      allosteric model for phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11; ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate
      1-phosphotransferase), which is the enzyme responsible for periodic operation of
      glycolysis. A comparison between model and experiment in the case of a constant
      source of substrate further indicates that the oscillatory dynamics of the
      glycolytic system can satisfactorily be described by the phosphofructokinase
      model.

PMID- 172887
TI  - Partial purification of a glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - A simple method for purification of the glucocorticoid receptor from hepatoma
      tissue culture cells has been developed. The procedure, which requires only about
      24 hr, involves biospecific adsorption of the receptor to deoxycorticosterone
      derivatized agarose, elution with a glucocorticoid, and gel filtration. The
      receptor-steroid complex is obtained in 35-40% yield and is about 2000-fold
      purified. It possesses properties similar to those reported in crude extracts,
      including sedimentation coefficient in glycerol gradients and activation
      dependent binding to nuclei.

PMID- 172889
TI  - Dynamic and static quenching of 1,N6-ethenoadenine fluorescence in nicotinamide
      1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide and in 1,N6-etheno-9-(3-(indol-3-yl) propyl)
      adenine.
AB  - For nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide (epsilonNAD+), the fluorescent
      analog of NAD+, in neutral aqueous solution the quantum yield has been determined
      to be 0.028 and the fluorescent lifetime, 2.1 nsec. Simultaneous determination of
      quantum yields and lifetimes of epsilonNAD+ and of the "half molecule" epsilonAMP
      allows the calculation of the percentage of stacked and open conformations of the
      dinucleotide. At 25 degrees in neutral aqueous solution there is 45 +/- 5% of
      stacked forms. The value of the fluorescent impurities, especially those
      containing the epsilon-adenosine moiety, and a purification procedure using high
      performance liquid chromatography was devised to obtain fluorescently homogeneous
      preparations. In order to study the effect on epsilon-adenosine fluorescence
      caused by the possible close proximity of a tryptophan in a polypeptide chain or
      protein, we have prepared 1,N6-etheno-9-[3-(indol-3-yl)propyl]adenine
      (epsilonAde9-C3-Ind3), a model compound in which indole is used as a neutral
      substitute for tryptophan. Fluorescence studies on epsilonAde9-C3-Ind3 show that
      the formation of an intramolecular complex results in complete quenching of the
      epsilon-adenine fluorescence. It is therefore predictable that positioning of the
      epsilon-adenosine of any fluorescent coenzyme moiety (e.q., epsilonATP,
      epsilonADP) in close proximity to a tryptophan in a protein will result in
      complete fluorescence quenching of the former.

PMID- 172888
TI  - Oxygen and cyclic nucleotides in human umbilical artery.
AB  - In the human umbilical artery O2 has a direct contractile effect and is also
      required for induction of contraction by several other agents. Agonist that cause
      contraction (bradykinin, histamine, and serotonin) cause accumulation of
      guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cGMP) without altering adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cAMP). They appear to act through two different mechanisms: one
      Ca++-dependent, the other Ca++-inhibited. O2 increased the cGMP content of the
      artery in a Ca++-dependent manner without affecting the cAMP content. Inhibitors
      of oxidative phosphorylation (oligomycin and 2,4-dinitrophenol) did not diminish
      this effect of O2. O2 was required for demonstration of the Ca++-dependent
      accumulation of cGMP in response to bradykinin, histamine, and ionophore A23187.
      The effect of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine on
      basal cGMP content and on the bradykinin-induced accumulation was also dependent
      on the presence of O2. Methylene blue and sodium ascorbate caused cGMP
      accumulation in O2-deprived arteries. Their effects were not diminished in Ca++
      depleted arteries and, in fact, seemed to be inhibited when 2.7 mM Ca++ was
      present in the medium. The effects of these agents and of serotonin on cGMP,
      which were inhibited by Ca++, were also inhibited by O2. These non Ca++-, non O2
      dependent agents (methylene blue, ascorbate, and serotonin) did not, however,
      permit demonstration of the effects of the Ca++- and O2-dependent agonists on O2
      deprived arteries. It appears that there are in the umbilical artery (and
      probably in other tissues also) at least two separate mechanisms for control of
      cGMP synthesis that are influenced differently by Ca++- and O2-linked processes.

PMID- 172890
TI  - Biosynthesis of mouse interferon by translation of its messenger RNA in a cell
      free system.
AB  - A fraction of mouse RNA containing messenger RNA coding for mouse interferon was
      translated with high efficiency in a wheat germ system into a fully active
      product. This product fulfills the criteria for mouse interferon, namely: (1) it
      was active against vesicular stomatitis virus and herpes simplex virus in mouse
      cells; (2) its antiviral activity was species specific; (3) its activity was
      completely neutralized by mouse anti-interferon serum. The synthesis of
      interferon in this cell-free system requires the presence of spermine.

PMID- 172891
TI  - Specific endocrine and hormonal receptor changes associated with liver
      regeneration in adult rats.
AB  - Partial removal of the adult rat liver--a procedure that stimulates liver
      regeneration--causes arterial levels of insulin and thyroxin to fall and glucagon
      levels to rise. These changes are correlated with the quantity of liver tissue
      excised and not solely with nonspecific operative manipulations or with blood
      glucose levels. During regeneration (about 24 hr postoperatively), hepatic plasma
      membranes become partially resistant to binding glucagon; this change is specific
      because it is not detected in laparotomized controls and insulin binding is not
      significantly altered. It remains to be proven whether any one or more of these
      specific endocrine changes are casually related to the initiation of hepatic
      proliferation.

PMID- 172892
TI  - Effect of oncogenic virus on muscle differentiation.
AB  - Chick muscle cultures infected with wild-type Rous sarcoma virus form myotubes,
      but these myotubes vacuolate and by day 6 most have degenerated, leaving only
      large numbers of transformed mononucleated, replicating cells. Muscle cultures
      infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant (TS) at permissive temperatures
      behave as cells infected with wild-type Rous sarcoma virus. TS-infected cells
      reared for 8 days at nonpermissive temperature form contracting myotubes, plus
      large numbers of fibroblastic cells. If these cultures are lowered to permissive
      temperature, within 72 hr the myotubes vacuolate and degenerate, whereas the
      mononucleated cells transform. If replicating TS-transformed cells after 8 days
      at permissive temperature are shifted to nonpermissive temperature, within 72 hr
      many cells fuse and form contracting, post-mitotic myotubes. Creatine kinase
      (ATP:creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) levels parallel the formation and
      degeneration of myotubes during these temperature shifts. If the viral
      transforming gene is expressed in the post-mitotic myotubes it is lethal, whereas
      it is not lethal if expressed in replicating percursor myogenic cells. The viral
      gene expression at permissive temperature blocks further myogenesis depending on
      the position of the cells in the myogenic program. The virus does not cancel the
      replicating, transformed myogenic cells' commitment to, or position in, the
      myogenic lineage. When the transforming action of the virus is suppressed, the
      normal myogenic program resumes.

PMID- 172893
TI  - Restoration of ultraviolet-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis of xeroderma
      pigmentosum cells by the concomitant treatment with bacteriophage T4 endonuclease
      V and HVJ (Sendai virus).
AB  - Ultraviolet (UV)-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis of xeroderma pigmentosum
      cells, belonging to complementation groups A, B, C, D, and E, was restored to the
      normal level by concomitant treatment of the cells with T4 endonuclease V and UV
      inactivated HVJ (Sendai virus). The present results suggest that (1) T4
      endonuclease molecules were inserted effectively into the cells by the
      interaction of HVJ with the cell membranes, (2) the enzyme was functional on
      human chromosomal DNA which had been damaged by UV irradiation in the viable
      cells, (3) all the studied groups of xeroderma pigmentosum ("variant" was not
      tested) were defective in the first step (incision) of excision repair.

PMID- 172895
TI  - Evolution of type C viral genes: preservation of ancestral murine type C viral
      sequences in pig cellular DNA.
AB  - Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) and other members of the family Suidae have multiple
      copies of type C viral gene sequences in the cellular DNA of all their tissues.
      Partially homologous viral gene sequences are also found in cellular DNA of
      rodents, particularly Muridae. The results lead to the conclusion that type C
      viral genes were introduced into the Suidae lineage as a result of trans-species
      infection by an ancestral xenotropic murine virus. The rate of evolution of the
      virogene sequences in the pig appears to be much slower than that of genes that
      have remained in the rodent lineage; this may be a consequence of transfer from a
      shorter-lived animal (the rodent) to a longer-lived one (the pig). We estimate
      the time of gene transmission as 5-10 million years ago and conclude that the
      present-day porcine type C virogenes most closely approximate the viral genes as
      they were several million years ago in the rodent lineage.

PMID- 172894
TI  - Possible peptide chain termination mutants in thymide kinase gene of a mammalian
      virus, herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Mutations in the viral gene coding for the thymidine kinase (ATP:thymidine 5'
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.75) induced by herpes simplex virus have been
      obtained by selection of virus resistant to bromodeoxyuridine when grown in
      thymidine-kinase-deficient LMTK- mouse cells. Proteins labeled after infection of
      Vero (monkey) cells with herpes simplex virus were analyzed by gel
      electrophoresis and one protein of about 40,000 daltons was consistently altered
      in a number of thymidine-kinase-deficient mutants. Many viral mutants lacked this
      peptide and one class of these mutants induced the synthesis of new shorter
      peptides. Revertant virus could be selected which simultaneously regained the
      ability to induce thymidine kinase activity, regained the intact thymidine kinase
      peptide, and lost the ability to synthesize the shorter peptide fragment. These
      mutants comprise a class of animal virus mutants which have the properties
      expected of peptide chain termination mutants.

PMID- 172896
TI  - A unique complement derived chemotactic factor for tumor cells.
AB  - A factor chemotactic for Walker carcinosarcoma and Novikoff hepatoma tumor cells
      can be generated by incubation of serum with an extract from tumor cells. The
      chemotactic factor has no activity for neutrophilic leukocytes, and three factors
      chemotactic for leukocytes are not chemotactic for tumor cells. By the use of
      complement deficient serums as well as purified complement components, the
      chemotactic factor for tumor cells has been found to be a fragment of the fifth
      component (C5) of complement and appears to result from direct interaction of C5
      with an enzyme in the extract. The chemotactic factor for tumor cells can be
      classified as a functionally unique fragment of C5 that may significantly
      influence the behavior of tumor cells in vivo.

PMID- 172897
TI  - Growth and differentiation in culture of leukemic leukocytes from a patient with
      acute myelogenous leukemia and re-identification of type-C virus.
AB  - Conditioned medium from a culture of whole human embryo cells stimulated
      prolonged exponential growth in suspension culture of leukocytes from a patient
      with acute myelogenous leukemia. Ten to 20% of the cultured cells consistently
      differentiated into mature granulocytes including neutrophils, eosinophils, and
      basophils. The proportion of lymphocytes declined after culturing, and tests for
      Epstein-Barr virus antigens were negative. An abnormality of a G group chromosome
      was observed in some metaphases from the patient's fresh bone marrow and from the
      cultured leukocytes, indicating growth in vitro of leukemic cells. After 4-10
      weeks in culture, a budding type-C virus was continuously released by the
      cultured leukocytes, predominantly by undifferentiated blast cells. This virus
      was originally identified in three different cultures of a peripheral blood
      specimen obtained at the time of diagnosis. Subsequently, this virus was
      identified by reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) assays and by
      electron microscopy in cultured leukocytes from a bone marrow specimen obtained
      14 months later from the same patient. Virus produced by cultures of both
      specimens was closely related, if not identical, to the woolly monkey type-C
      virus.

PMID- 172898
TI  - Complete translation of poliovirus RNA in a eukaryotic cell-free system.
AB  - Poliovirus RNA stimulates imcorporation of 35S from both [35S]methionine and
      formyl-[35S]methionyl-tRNAfMet in cell-free systems derived from HeLa cells or
      from poliovirus-infected HeLa cells. The largest product formed under the
      direction of the viral RNA is the same size as the polyprotein thought to
      represent translation of the entire RNA. Synthesis of this polyprotein and other
      large products was stimulated greatly by increasing the salt concentration during
      the reaction from the optimum for initiation (90 mM) to the optimum for
      elongation (155 mM). Only one initiation peptide could be identified, and a
      tryptic digest of the product contained mainly peptides that cochromatographed
      with peptides from authentic viral proteins. The RNA from a deletion mutant of
      poliovirus initiated protein synthesis at the same site used by standard RNA and
      programmed synthesis of an appropriately deleted set of polypeptides. The results
      strongly support the model of translation of poliovirus RNA from a single
      initiation site into a continuous polyprotein that is cleaved to form the
      functional proteins. It is suggested that uninfected HeLa cell extracts can carry
      out the cleavages of nascent polyprotein.

PMID- 172899
TI  - Effects of estrogen on gene expression in chick oviduct: nuclear receptor levels
      and initiation of transcription.
AB  - Estrogen (diethylstilbesterol) was administered in vivo to chicks for various
      time periods. Chromatin was then prepared from oviduct nuclei and assayed for its
      capacity to support initiation of RNA chain synthesis in vitro in the presence of
      saturating levels of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase;
      nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6). These same nuclei
      were also assayed by a [3H]estradiol exchange assay for their endogenous receptor
      content. The number of available initiation sites for RNA synthesis on chromatin
      was shown to correlate with the endogenous levels of nuclear estrogen receptor. A
      decrease in the nuclear concentration of estrogen receptor molecules and the
      concentration of initiation sites for RNA synthesis occurred during withdrawal of
      estrogen from previously stimulated chicks. Both parameters declined with a
      similar half-life. When estrogen was readministered to withdrawn chicks, the
      number of initiation sites increased 2-fold as early as 30 min and approached a
      maximal level (3-fold) by 1 hr. During the same period of restimulation with
      estrogen, the number of estrogen receptor molecules bound to nuclei increased to
      a maximum at 20 min and then declined at 1 hr to a steady-state level 2-fold
      higher than the withdrawn chicks. Simultaneous measurements of RNA chain length
      and RNA chain propagation rate demonstrated that parameters remained relatively
      constant throughout estrogen withdrawal as well as secondary stimulation. The
      temporal correlation between changes in the levels of nuclear-bound estrogen
      receptor and the number of RNA chain initiation sites on chromatin prepared from
      these same nuclei strongly suggested that the hormone receptor complexes act on
      chromatin to mediate these changes in genetic transcriptional activity.

PMID- 172900
TI  - Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA: evidence for four populations of molecules
      that differ in the relative orientations of their long and short components.
AB  - Intact DNA molecules extracted from HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus 1, human herpes
      virus 1) strain MP virions have a molecular weight of approximately 97 X 10(6),
      but cleavage with the HinIII restriction enzyme yields fourteen fragments with
      summed molecular weights of 160 X 10(6). Six "major" fragments occur once in
      every molecule in the population and account for 60% of the genetic information.
      Four "minor" fragments are present in amounts equivalent to one copy for every
      two genomes (0.5 molar ratio) and the other four occur only once in every four
      molecules (0.25 molar ratio). The minor fragments can be arranged into four
      equimolar sets, each with summed molecular weights that account for the remaining
      40% of the genome. Treatment with lambda 5' exonuclease revealed that all
      molecules contain 0.5 molar ratio fragments at both termini. These observations
      and the results of similar analyses of the EcoRI and double HinIII/EcoRI digests
      indicate that there are four distinct structural forms of HSV DNA which differ
      only in the relative orientations of two subregions, designated L and S. The L
      and S segments consist of 82 and 18% of the sequences, respectively, and each has
      inverted terminally redundant regions that correspond to the internal
      duplications observed by electron microscopy. The DNA from other strains of HSV-1
      and 2 also consists of equal proportions of all four possible permutations of the
      L and S segments. These unusual features of HSV DNA molecules have novel
      implications with regard to the genetic map and the mode of replication and
      evolution of herpes simples viruses.

PMID- 172901
TI  - Conformational fluctuations of DNA helix.
AB  - Treatment of a homogeneous sample of circular DNA molecules that contain at least
      one single-strand scission per molecule with ligase yields a population of
      covalently closed circles heterogeneous in the topological winding number alpha.
      Under proper conditions, the product molecules with different values of alpha can
      all be resolved by gel electrophoresis. The distributions in alpha for several
      DNAs, covalently closed at different temperatures, have been determined and the
      results have been interpreted in terms of thermal fluctuations of the DNA helix.

PMID- 172902
TI  - Translation of RNA that contains polyadenylate from yeast mitochondria in an
      Escherichia coli ribosomal system.
AB  - RNA that contains poly(A) [poly(A)-RNA] has been isolated from yeast mitochondria
      by poly(U) Sepharose-4B column chromatography. Pulse-labeled poly(A)-RNA shows 8
      10 discrete peaks by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity of
      mitochondrial poly(A)-RAN is six to eight times greater than that of
      mitochondrial rRNA after pulse labeling of protoplasts with [3H-]uridine.
      Ethidium bromide inhibits incorporation by over 90%. The total mitochondrial RNA
      preparation was contaminated with 5-15% cytoplasmic rRNA as determined by gel
      electrophoresis, but RNA exhaustion hybridization experiments indicated little or
      no cytoplasmic contamination of the mitochondrial poly(A)-RNA. The poly(A)-RNA
      stimulates [3H]leucine incorporation into protein in an E. coli cell-free system.
      A fraction of the labeled product is precipitated with antibody directed toward
      yeast cytochrome oxidase, but not with antibody directed toward bovine serum
      albumin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitated
      material reveals labeled peptides having the mobility of the three larger
      cytochrome oxidase peptides, which are known to be translated by mitochondrial
      ribosomes.

PMID- 172903
TI  - Androgen- and estrogen-binding macromolecules in developing mouse brain:
      biochemical and genetic evidence.
AB  - Androgen- and estrogen-binding macromolecules from the hypothalamus plus preoptic
      area of 3- to 4-week-old mice have been detected and partially characterized.
      These components bind the respective hormones with high affinity (saturating at 4
      8 nM) and sediment with rates typical of presumed steroid receptors (4.0-4.5 S in
      0.15 M NaCl, 5.0-7.5 S without salt). A 90-95% reduction in androgen binding
      found in the androgen-insensitivity mutant mouse, testicular feminization (Tfm),
      provides a genetic control for the specificity of binding. This reduced androgen
      binding with Tfm/Y mutants and blocking experiments with non-radioactive
      estradiol [estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17beta-diol] and testosterone (17beta-hydroxy
      4-androsten-3-one) indicate the existence of at least two binding components: one
      with high affinity only for estradiol, the other with affinity for both androgens
      and estrogen. Based on these properties, a receptor mechanism that detects
      relative concentrations of androgens and estrogens is proposed.

PMID- 172904
TI  - Requirement for cellular protein synthesis in reversal of ethidium-bormide
      induced inhibition of cell transformation by murine sarcoma virus.
AB  - Cultures of mouse Balb 3T3 fibroblasts exposed to a noncytotoxic dose of ethidium
      bromide for 16-18 hr are unable to produce foci after infection with murine
      sarcoma virus. Such cultures regain susceptibility to infection when incubated
      for 6-8 hr in drug-free growth medium. Pretreated but not untreated cultures
      exhibit sensitivity toward brief (6 hr) exposure to cycloheximide,
      chloramphenicol, and actinomycin D before infection. Pretreatment with cordy
      cepin inhibits the ability of cultures to produce foci after infection. The
      recovery of ethidium-bromide-treated cultures requires the synthesis of cellular
      proteins which may have some important role in the establishment of RNA tumor
      virus infection.

PMID- 172905
TI  - Effect of extradiol-17beta on the synthesis of specific uterine nonhistone
      chromosomal proteins.
AB  - The synthesis of specific nonhistone chromosomal proteins in the uterus of the
      ovariectomized rat was examined as a function of time after treatment with
      estradiol-17beta. Sequential stimulations in the rates of synthesis of at least
      five nonhistone chromosomal proteins having molecular weights of 96,000, 70,500,
      29,400, 20,700, and 16,400, respectively, were observed. The rate of synthesis of
      the nonhistone chromosomal protein having a molecular weight of 70,500 was
      increased at 1 hr after hormone treatment. This was the first nonhistone
      chromosomal protein to be induced by estrogen, and its induction was blocked by
      pretreatment with actinomycin D. The data reported suggest but do not prove that
      this protein is the 4.5 S estrogen receptor, and that it is the induced nuclear
      acidic protein described earlier by Teng and Hamilton. The rates of synthesis of
      the nonhistone proteins with molecular weights of 96,000, 29,400, 20,700, and
      16,400 were increased at 3,5,24, and 24 hr, respectively, after hormone
      treatment.

PMID- 172906
TI  - Thermolabile T (tumor) antigen from cells transformed by a temperature-sensitive
      mutant of simian virus 40.
AB  - Partially purified tumor (T) antigen from a strain of Chinese hamster lung cells
      transformed by wild-type simian virus 40 (SV 40) and either of two temperature
      sensitive SV 40 mutants has been studied as a DNA binding protein. The DNA
      binding activity present in the T-antigen-containing fractions is inhibited by
      purified hamster anti-T IgG but not by equivalent amounts of nonimmune hamster
      IgG. T from either wild-type- or tsC219-transformed cells is relatively stable
      during heating at 44 degrees compared to T prepared from tsA239-transformed
      cells. These results strongly suggest that T is a product of the SV 40 A gene.

PMID- 172907
TI  - In vitro synthesis of a constitutive enzyme of Escherichia coli, 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Enzymes of central intermediary metabolism are among the constitutive proteins of
      Escherichia coli. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [6-phospho-D-gluconate:
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating),
      EC 1.1.1.44-A1, an enzyme of the hexose monophosphate shunt, was synthesized in
      vitro in a coupled transcription-translation system directed by DNA from a
      specialized transducing phage carrying gnd, the structural gene. Enzyme
      synthesized in vitro was detected by radiochemical assay of its activity. Kinetic
      experiments using inhibitors of transcription and translation suggest that
      synthesis of the mRNA for the enzyme was initiated at the gnd promoter. Neither
      cyclic AMP nor cyclic GMP had any effect on the amount of enzyme synthesized in
      vitro.

PMID- 172908
TI  - Tumorigenicity of virus-transformed cells in nude mice is correlated specifically
      with anchorage independent growth in vitro.
AB  - Clonal isolates of mouse 3T3 cells and primary rat embryo cells, recovered
      nonselectively after infection by simian virus 40 (SV40), have been tested for
      tumorigenicity in the immune-deficient nude mice in order to determine the
      cellular growth properties in vitro specifically correlated with neoplastic
      growth in vivo. In addition, mouse 3T3 cells transformed by murine sarcoma virus
      (MuSV, Kirsten strain), and revertants isolated from cells fully transformed by
      either SV40 or MuSV were also studied. Results suggest that the single cellular
      property consistently associated with tumorigenicity in nude mice is the
      acquisition by virus-transformed cells of the ability to proliferate in vitro in
      the absence of anchorage. Other cellular parameters of virus-induced
      transformation, such as lack of sensitivity to high cell density and the capacity
      to grow in low serum concentration, are dissociable from cellular
      tumorigeneicity. This conclusion is supported further by the demonstration that
      specific selection in vivo for tumorigenic cells from anchorage-dependent cells
      results in the isolation of anchorage-independent cells. Conversely, a single
      step selection in vitro for anchorage-independent cells from nontumorigenic cells
      results in a simultaneous selection of highly tumorigenic subclones.

PMID- 172909
TI  - Deposition of histones onto replicating chromosomes.
AB  - The mode of distribution of newly synthesized and pre-existing histones has been
      studied during the process of chromosome replication. Newly synthesized histone
      was labeled with [3H]lysine and newly synthesized DNA was density labeled with
      iododeoxyuridine. The histone was covalently linked to DNA, and radiolabeled
      histone was analyzed on CsCl density gradients. We have defined conditions that
      do not give rise to histone randomization during isolation, and also developed a
      method of defining the distribution of histones in chromatin on a density
      gradient in the unavoidable presence of nonhistone protein. Three possible modes
      of distribution of histone onto the replicating chromosome can be conceived; we
      describe experiments designed to distinguish unequivocally among these
      possibilities and conclude that histones are deposited randomly onto the
      chromosome.

PMID- 172911
TI  - Cytochemical study of secretory process in transplantable insulinoma of syrian
      golden hamster.
AB  - Electron microscopy, including phosphatase cytochemistry, indicates that the
      secretory granules of an insulinoma producing proinsulin and insulin are packaged
      by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and especially by a specialized region of ER
      which we call GERL because of the spatial relationship of this region to the
      Golgi apparatus and its apparent role in producing lysosomes. The granules are
      not derived from the Golgi apparatus. Preliminary evidence suggests this may be
      true also of pancreatic beta-cells.

PMID- 172910
TI  - Rous sarcoma virus activates embryonic globin genes in chicken fibroblasts.
AB  - Complementary DNA (cDNA) specific for chick globin mRNA sequences fails to
      hybridize to total RNA extracted from chicken fibroblasts. After infection by
      Rous sarcoma virus, RNA complementary to globin cDNA is detectable in 100-500
      copies per cell. Infection of fibroblasts with the transformation defective (td)
      deletion mutant of Rous sarcoma virus leads to normal virus production, but not
      to host cell transformation or accumulation of RNA sequences complementary to
      globin cDNA. Our evidence shows that the globin genes activated by Rous sarcoma
      virus are those specified by embryonic chick red cells; adult-specific globin
      sequences were not detected.

PMID- 172912
TI  - Relationship in nucleic acid sequences between mouse mammary tumor virus
      variants.
AB  - Primary cultures of mouse mammary carcinomas were used as a source of both
      radioactively labeled and unlabeled 60-70S RNA of mouse mammary tumor virus
      (MMTV) obtained from various mouse strains. Competition molecular hybridization
      experiments revealed that, within the limits of the assay, the RNAs of the MMTVs
      synthesized in culture by the tumors of the mouse strains RIII, GR, A, and C3H,
      are identical. A comparison of the genomes of the milk-transmitted MMTV(C3H) and
      the vertically transmitted MMTV(C3Hf) revealed that these two viruses are
      approximately 75% similar. No nucleic acid sequence homology was observed between
      MMTV(C3H) 60-70S RNA and the RNAs of murine leukemia virus, Mason-Pfizer virus,
      or the BrdUrd-induced type-B quinea pig virus.

PMID- 172913
TI  - Separation of sarcoma virus-specific and leukemia virus-specific genetic
      sequences of Moloney sarcoma virus.
AB  - We have studied the nucleic acid sequences in nonproducer cells transformed by
      Moloney sarcoma virus or Abelson leukemia virus (two types of replication
      defective, RNA-containing, viruses isolated by passage of Moloney leukemia virus
      in BALB/c mice). DNA probes from the Moloney leukemia in virus detect RNA in both
      Abelson virus-transformed nonproducer cells and Moloney sarcoma virus-transformed
      nonproducer cells. A sarcoma-specific cDNA, prepared from the Moloney sarcoma
      virus, has extensive homology to RNA found in heterologous nonproducer cells
      transformed by Moloney sarcoma virus, has little homology to RNA in cells
      producing Moloney leukemia virus, and no detectable homology to RNA in
      nonproducer cells transformed by the Abelson virus. By analogy to earlier data on
      avian and mammalian sarcoma viruses, these results suggest that the Moloney
      sarcoma virus arose by recombination between a portion of the Moloney leukemia
      virus genome and additional sarcoma-specific information, and indicate that the
      expression of this information in not essential for Abelson virus-mediated
      fibroblast transformation.

PMID- 172914
TI  - Virilizing lipoid cell tumour of the ovary.

PMID- 172915
TI  - Sexually transmitted disease and the gynaecologist.

PMID- 172916
TI  - Viral and epidemiological studies.

PMID- 172917
TI  - Retroperitoneal chemodectoma.

PMID- 172918
TI  - Correlation of neurophysiological and personality data in sleep scratching.

PMID- 172919
TI  - Relapsing meningoencephalitis ? cerebral sarcoidosis.

PMID- 172920
TI  - Recurrent xanthogranuloma (malignant fibrous histiocytoma).

PMID- 172921
TI  - On the nature of interaction between proflavine and DNA.

PMID- 172922
TI  - NMR in cancer: IX. The concept of cancer treatment by NMR: a preliminary report
      of high resolution NMR or phosphorus in normal and malignant tissues.
AB  - A preliminary study of high resolution P31 nuclear resonance of normal and
      malignant tissue is reported. Utilization of nuclear resonance in the frequency
      frame contrasts with the pulsed magnetic resonance studies originally introduced
      for investigating cancer. Frequency dependent NMR was employed to study cancer
      with the primary objective of identifying resonant frequencies that could be used
      to indicate cancer. Such cancer specific frequencies would help circumvent
      current difficulties in the pulsed resonance diagnosis of cancer and might even
      have application in therapy.

PMID- 172923
TI  - Some aspects of ACTH action on cerebral metabolism in infant rats.
AB  - In 150 newborn rats of either sex the influence of ACTH on cerebral phospholipid,
      phosphoprotein, and nucleic acids metabolism was investigated. The results show
      that ACTH induces a great stimulation of the cerebral phospholipid metabolism,
      especially in 14-and 21-day-old rats, a significant increase in the
      phosphoprotein metabolism at 7 and 14 days after birth, and a stimulation of the
      RNA synthesis in 7- and 14-day-old rats. The significance of these results is
      discussed.

PMID- 172925
TI  - Increases in paradoxical sleep as a result of amygdaloid stimulation.
AB  - Holtzman rats were partially and selectively deprived of paradoxical sleep (PS)
      for a 16 1/2 hr period and allowed to rest for a 7 1/2 hr period each day. Test
      animals were given mild (60 Hz, 50 muA) unilateral amygdaloid stimulation for one
      min each day of a 5 day test period. There was a significant increase in PS
      during the rest  periods of test animals on stimulation days when compared to
      nonstimulated controls. The effect did not last beyond a 5 day period. Only
      subconvulsive behaviour was observed in two test animals. The similarity to the
      PS increases in this study to those seen in conventional learning and other
      stiuations are discussed.

PMID- 172924
TI  - Effects of 2200-m hypoxia on glucidic metabolism.
AB  - Rats exposed for different intervals (1, 3 and 6 hours, the first day, and then 6
      hours a day for 9 days) to a 2200-m hypoxia presented metabolic changes
      demonstrating an anaerobic glucose utilization. Thus, in accordance with other
      authors, at different depressurization values the liver homogenate had increased
      lactate and pyruvate concentrations, decreased NAD and NADH2 concentrations and a
      decreased ATP formation, demonstrating the inefficient glucide metabolization.
      These modifications were evident in the first hours of depressurization, but did
      not occur under acclimatization during the 9 days of exposure. The LDH
      concentration remained practically unchanged, which might be explained by its
      explained by its excessive presence in relation to the normal exercise
      solicitation. A urinary hypercompensatory alkalinization was also recorded.

PMID- 172926
TI  - Response of the adrenals to stress in animals from litters with different numbers
      of young.
AB  - Undernutrition and overnutrition during the suckling period -- achieved by
      adjusting the number of infant rats per litter to 4, 8 and 14 -- resulted in a
      decrease in the plasma corticosterone level and in corticosterone production by
      the adrenals in vitro in overfed animals at the age of 30, 180 and 300--360 days.
      An enhanced response to ether anaesthesia or immobilization stress was found in
      overfed animals from the smallest litters. The results show that a change in
      postnatal nutrition and in social relationships in the litter influences
      maturation of the hypoathalamo-hypophysio-adrenal regulatory system; in adulthood
      this is manifested in changes in production of the adrenal hormones and in the
      reaction of the adrenals to stress.

PMID- 172927
TI  - Community mental health myths and the fate of former hospitalized patients.
AB  - This paper addresses one of these important emerging problems--the fate of former
      hospitalized patients--and the policy issues that the problem raises. The
      discussion is derived from observations of the experience of the mental health
      system in the State of Hawaii, but the issues raised are of relevance to other
      states as well.

PMID- 172928
TI  - Factor analysis of objective and subjective characteristics of a night's sleep.
AB  - Factor analysis was performed on objectively measured and subjectively reported
      characteristics of 46 nights' sleep in four healthy male subjects. The
      fragmentation of sleep by awakenings during the night, the delay before falling
      asleep, the total duration of sleep, and the amount of delta-wave sleep formed
      the bases of four separate factors.

PMID- 172930
TI  - Human sleep during chronic morphine intoxication.
AB  - The sleep of 6 opiate addicts was studied for 11 nights during 3 phases of a
      chronic morphine cycle. The control phase consisted of 5 consecutive nights
      before morphine administration. The induction phase consisted of 1 night at 21-36
      days after the onset of morphine administration, when the daily dose was 140-220
      mg. The stable dose phase consisted of 5 consecutive nights after the subjects
      had received 240 mg of morphine daily for 8-19 weeks. No sleep could be studied
      during the withdrawal phase. Sleep was continuously monitored with EEG, EMG and
      EOG. Chronic morphine produces signs of a small but persistent sleep disturbance:
      delta sleep (early night) becomes less stable and shifts toward later in the
      night, waking state increases during the middle of the night, RME sleep
      (expecially its activated EEG without eye movements) decreases, the RMES cycle
      increases, and burst of delta activity (with mean duration of 5-6 sec) increase.
      Although this disturbance persists throughout the night, it is much less than
      that seen after single doses of morphine in a previous study. With chronic
      morphine, therefore, partial tolerance develops to the sleep disturbance produced
      by morphine. The small but persistent nocturnal arousal during chronic morphine
      contrasts with the sedation seen during chronic methadone. Both opioids produce
      an increase in delta bursts during chronic administration, which might be an EEG
      phenomenon specific to chronic opioid intake.

PMID- 172929
TI  - Neuroendocrine effects of haloperidol therapy in chronic schizophrenia.
AB  - The neuroendocrine effects of haloperidol therapy have been examined in 62 male
      chronic schizophrenic patients, aged 16-62 years. The duration of the disease
      varied between 2 and 29 years. The patients were divided into 48 hebephrenics
      with onset of the disease at puberty, or immediately after puberty, and 14
      paranoids with onset of the disease in adulthood. They received 6 mg i.m.p.d. of
      haloperidol, for 30 days, up to a total dose of 180 mg. The following hormonal
      variables were examined before therapy and at 10-20 and 30 days of treatment:
      total urinary gonadotropins, serum FSH and LH, GH response to insulin
      stimulation, ACTH reserve (Metyrapone test), total urinary 17-ketosteroids and 17
      hydroxycorticoids before and after an ACTH stimulation test, serum testosterone,
      insulin response to glucose load, plasma thyroxine before and after a TSH
      stimulation test. The basic hormonal values revealed decreased secretion of total
      gonadotropins, FSH, LH, ACTH and testosterone, and increased insulin secretion.
      The haloperidol therapy seemed to stimulate the secretion of FSH, LH, total
      gonadotropins, ACTH and testosterone, up to normal or low-normal levels. No
      modifications were observed in the other hormonal variables. The significance of
      these results is discussed.

PMID- 172931
TI  - Auditory evoked potential in stage 2 and REM sleep during a 30-day exposure to
      tone pulses.

PMID- 172933
TI  - Criteria for and pitfalls in the identification of receptors.

PMID- 172932
TI  - Structure activity relationships for agonist and antagonist drugs at pre- and
      postsynaptic receptor sites in rat brain.

PMID- 172934
TI  - Modulators of cyclic AMP systems.

PMID- 172935
TI  - Health care issues in a psychiatric aftercare program.

PMID- 172936
TI  - Studies of vitamin D deficiency in man.
AB  - Highly sensitive assays have been developed that enable 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
      (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) and 25-hydroxyergocalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D2) to be
      measured in the same serum sample. With these assays it has been shown that
      endogenously produced cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is important in man; the
      findings further emphasize the role of vitamin D metabolites as hormones rather
      than vitamins in the traditional sense. Dietary sources of vitamin D appear to be
      inadequate and vitamin D deficiency has been shown to the cause of rickets and
      osteomalacia in Asian immigrants to Britain. This condition may be readily
      treated with small doses of vitamin D. In addition, sub-clinical deficiency was
      found in the Asian community. In the elderly, also, vitamin D deficiency was
      established as an important cause of osteomalacia and again evidence for the
      existence of a sub-clinical deficiency state was found. It is therefore suggested
      that the present prophylactic practices should be reviewed. Secondary
      hyperparathyroidism (reflected by elevated concentrations of circulating
      immunoassayable parathyroid hormone) was shown to be the rule rather than the
      exception in vitamin D deficiency. Some patients, however, had failed to respond
      to a hypocalcaemic stimulus. In others, there were high concentrations of
      parathyroid hormone despite normal serum calcium concentrations. Thus the
      relationship between parathyroid hormone and metabolites of vitamin D may not be
      mediated through changes in serum calcium alone, and it is postulated that
      metabolites of vitamin D may directly affect the secretion of parathyroid
      hormone.

PMID- 172937
TI  - Gastric ulcer and cancer.
AB  - The incidence of gastric carcinoma was studied in a series of 210 patients
      presenting with apparently benign gastric ulcer. In eight cases (3.9 per cent),
      carcinoma was diagnosed within 18 months and was almost certainly present from
      the outset; in 2.4 per cent the diagnosis was delayed for over three months, and
      the five-year death-rate due to gastric carcinoma was 3.2 per cent. In a mean
      follow-up period of 5.7 years after the first diagnosis of an ulcer (8.2 years
      after first symptoms), three fresh cases of gastric carcinoma were found, and in
      two of these the cancer was at a different site from the ulcer. The five-year
      incidence of fresh gastric carcinoma was 0.6 per cent. Unsuspected superficial
      spreading carcinoma was detected by histology in 5.4 per cent of gastrectomy
      specimens. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the
      management of gastric ulcer and the early diagnosis of cancer.

PMID- 172938
TI  - Causes of death in fulminant hepatic failure and relationship to quantitative
      histological assessment of parenchymal damage.
AB  - The clinical course and causes of death in 132 consecutive patients with
      fulminant hepatic failure and grade III or IV encephalopathy have been reviewed.
      105 patients died and in 96 of these an autopsy examination was performed. In 36
      patients there was cerebral oedema and the mean age of this group was
      significantly younger than the other fatal cases. In 28 patients death was
      attributed to major haemorrhage which originated in the gastrointestinal tract in
      25. The prothrombin time ratio was not significantly greater in patients with
      major bleeding than in those without but they did have a significantly lower
      platelet count. Sepsis contributed to death in 12 patients. In 25 patients
      massive hepatic necrosis only was found at autopsy and death was considered to be
      due solely to hepatic failure. The degree of hepatocyte loss was assessed in 80
      fatal cases by a histological morphometric technique on a needle specimen of
      liver taken immediately post-mortem. The proportion of the liver volume occupied
      by hepatocytes (hepatocyte volume fraction, HVF) was greatly reduced in all
      patients (normal 85+/-SD 5 percent) but the mean value was significantly higher
      in the patients dying with sepsis, cerebral oedema or haemorrhage than in the
      group in whom death was attributed solely to hepatic failure. There were ten
      patients in whom liver function was improving at the time of death which was due
      to cerebral (9) or haemorrhage (1). These observations suggest that many patients
      presently dying from fulminant hepatic failure may be expected to survive, once
      more effective therapy is available for the complications of the illness.

PMID- 172939
TI  - Heat-accelerated radioinactivation of attenuated poliovirus.
AB  - Attenuated poliovirus is inactivated in a synergistic manner when exposed
      simultaneously to heat and ionizing radiation. The synergistic response is
      observed in both the thermally labile and stable forms of the virus. A three-term
      kinetic model may be used to describe the inactivation response of the virus in a
      thermal and/or ionizing radiation environment.

PMID- 172940
TI  - Triplet state population study in relation to the aggregation of proflavine in
      frozen solutions.
AB  - The evolution of the proflavine triplet state population with the extent of
      aggregation is examines, by ESRmeasurements, as a function of organic solvents
      and mineral salts, well known for their ability to influence the aggregation
      process. The intensity of the triplet state population has also been investigated
      as a function of pH. The insertion of aromatic molecules like DNA's nucleotides
      between dye molecules is shown to increase the intensity of the triplet state. It
      is put forward that the observed triplet state is characteristic of the singly
      protonated proflavine which seems to be the active species in in vivo
      experiments.

PMID- 172941
TI  - The role of secondary electrons in charged particle degradation.

PMID- 172942
TI  - Letter: Intracellular cyclic AMP levels and radiosensitivity in synchronized V-79
      cells.

PMID- 172943
TI  - Biochemical effects of x-radiation on the retina of the albino rabbit.

PMID- 172944
TI  - Radiation protection of hyaluronic acid in the solid state.

PMID- 172945
TI  - Formyl radicals in x-irradiated frozen aqueous solutions of DNA and nucleic acids
      constitutents.

PMID- 172946
TI  - Herpes genitalis in guinea-pigs. I. Kinetic study in infection with Herpesvirus
      hominis type 2.
AB  - The kinetics of virus replication after vaginal infection of guinea-pigs with HVH
      2/Angelotti were studied in relation to the appearance of local and general
      symptoms. Most virus was isolated from the genital tract 24-48 hours post
      infection. Virus was first isolated from the spinal cord 48-72 hours post
      infection. Penetration into the brain only occurred occasionally, and later.
      Under the experimental conditions employed, no virus was found in the blood,
      spleen, kidneys, adrenals or inguinal lymph nodes. The local symptoms (typical
      genital herpes) and the general symptoms (paralysis and death) started after
      maximum virus replication had been reached and seemed to be a consequence of
      neural, rather than of haematogenic or lymphogenic spread.

PMID- 172947
TI  - Herpes genitalis in guinea-pigs. II. Morphological studies in female guinea-pigs
      infected with Herpesvirus hominis type 2.
AB  - Gross and microscopial morphological changes developing in female guinea-pigs
      after vaginal infection with HVH 2/Angelotti were studied. In the mucosa of the
      external genital tract there were inflammatory changes with formation of intra
      epithelial vesicles, erosions and ulcerations. In the late stages of the
      infection signs of inflammatory dysplasia were also observed. The infection
      spread into the nervous system and produced characteristic inflammatory changes.
      The inflammation began as a bilateral posterior myelitis and ascended in the
      course of infection through the upper spinal-cord towards the brain-stem. The
      morphological changes were preceded by increased virus replication in the
      respective tissues and were correlated in time with clinical symptoms. The
      morphological changes seen at the site of inoculation in the external genital
      tract of the guinea-pig bore a certain resemblance to those seen in some cases of
      human infection with the same type of virus.

PMID- 172948
TI  - In vivo studies of parainfluenza I (6/94) virus: mononuclear cell interactions.
AB  - Adsorption to and penetration of migratory mononuclear cells in vivo by Para
      influenza I (6/94) virus were documented by electron microscopy during the acute
      phase of an experimental meningoencephalitis in ICR mice. Phagocytosis of virions
      was the apparent and predominant mode of viral entry into these cells.
      Penetration by fusion was also seen. Nucleocapsids were replicated by the
      mononuclear cells which became a potential reservoir for the further spread of
      virus.

PMID- 172949
TI  - Infection of guinea-pig embryo cells with varicella-zoster virus.
AB  - Varicella-zoster (VZ) virus has been shown to replicate in guinea-pig embryo
      (GPE) cells. When cell-free virus inocula were used, no infectious virus was
      liberated from these cells, either by freezing-thawing or ultrasonic disruption.
      However, cell-free virus was separated from GPE cells inoculated with infected
      human embryonic lung (HEL) cells.

PMID- 172950
TI  - Experimental immunosuppression induced by herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Cell-mediated immune response was studied in experimental herpetic infection in
      mice. Our data suggest that herpes simplex virus induced immunosuppression in
      mice. This depression was documented by the unresponsiveness of the lymphocytes
      to PHA stimulation in vitro and by the enhanced susceptibility of adult mice to
      Coxsackie B virus infection. Our data also suggest that levamisole, a potent
      immunostimulant drug, had no effect on the unresponsiveness of the lymphocytes to
      PHA stimulation.

PMID- 172952
TI  - [Neuroradiological study of traumatic cervical spine (author's transl)].
AB  - Only special neuroradiological procedures allow a clear demonstration or
      exclusion of a traumatic lesion involving or threatening the intraspinal
      structures. The myelographies are of particular interest. The functional sagittal
      pneumostratigraphy is the most informative technique, except for the
      visualization of an avulsion of the plexus. For better selecting the patients for
      a gas myelography, a scintigraphy of the spinal leptomeningeal bag is very
      helpful. But the neurological problem may be suspected on the standard X-ray
      picture. The lateral walls - articular apophyses and the arcus - are well
      defined. The vascular conditions of the nedk are best appreciated by an arch
      aortography. A selective study of the carotids and vertebral arteries in
      functional positions of the head and neck may then proceed.

PMID- 172951
TI  - Isolation of herpes simplex virus clones and drug resistant mutants in
      microcultures.
AB  - Suitable dilutions of herpes simplex virus (HSV) preparations inoculated into
      microcultures of confluent monolayers of human foreskin or Vero cells, in
      individual wells of plastic "microplates", induced viral cytopathic effects that
      resulted from the infection of the cultures by single virus particles. The clonal
      nature of the viral progeny in isolated wells was supported by visual control
      over the development of viral foci and by statistical analysis. The method has
      the advantage of speed and economy, while it also yields a large primary clonal
      virus stock. HSV clones resistant to phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) and 5-iodo-2'
      deoxyuridine (IUdR) could be readily isolated by the described technique.

PMID- 172953
TI  - [Early histological findings of carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)].
AB  - Histologically the early histological findings of the carcinoma of the breast
      enclose lobular and intraductal carcinoma in situ, and atypical epithelial
      proliferation. Without mastectomy a considerable percentage of these cases will
      develop invasive carcinoma. In order to detect these early forms of carcinoma
      mammography should be carried out. Following this procedure a more precisely
      located histological examination can be performed. The treatment consists of
      simple mastectomy.

PMID- 172954
TI  - Focal decreased skeletal uptake secondary to metastatic disease.
AB  - Two cases are reported in which bone imaging with 99mTc-labeled phosphate
      compounds revealed localized areas of decreased uptake corresponding to
      osteolytic metastases on bone radiographs. These "cold" bone lesions, although
      infrequent, should be considered to avoid false negative interpretations.

PMID- 172955
TI  - Newer angiographic observations in cholangiocarcinoma.
AB  - Three new angiographic features of cholangiocarcinoma are bile duct dilatation,
      venous obstruction and arterio-arterial collaterals. Differentiation of the
      lucencies of dilated bile ducts (cylindrical in shape) from those due to
      metastases (spherical) is discussed. Because of its high reliability and the
      difficulties of operative diagnosis, angiography can play an important diagnostic
      role in patients with suspected cholangiocarcinoma.

PMID- 172956
TI  - Sleep-waking cycle of the hypophysectomized rat.

PMID- 172957
TI  - Sleep EEG stages and growth hormone levels in endogenous and exogenous
      hypercortisolemia or ACTH elevation.

PMID- 172958
TI  - Antidiuretic hormone secretion during sleep in adult men.

PMID- 172959
TI  - Mechanism of steroid hormone actions on motivated behavioral reactions.

PMID- 172960
TI  - Modulating influences of hormones and catecholamines on memory storage processes.

PMID- 172961
TI  - Time-dependent anti-amnesic effect of ACTH4-10 and desglycinamide-lysine
      vasopressin.

PMID- 172962
TI  - A modulatory effect of pituitary polypeptides on peripheral nerve and muscle.

PMID- 172963
TI  - Effects of behaviorally active ACTH analogs on brain protein metabolism.

PMID- 172964
TI  - Effects of hormones on time-dependent memory storage processes.

PMID- 172965
TI  - Pituitary peptides and adaptive autonomic responses.

PMID- 172966
TI  - Comparison of binding of (3H)corticosterone and (3H)dexamethasone by rat brain
      cytosol.

PMID- 172967
TI  - Regulation of estradiol-binding receptor synthesis at the hypothalamic-pituitary
      gonad level in rats.

PMID- 172968
TI  - Hormonal influences in the evolution and ontogeny of imprinting behavior in the
      duck.

PMID- 172969
TI  - Selection and use of antibacterial drugs.

PMID- 172970
TI  - Herpes simplex virus infection of nervous tissue in animals and man.

PMID- 172971
TI  - Problems of human concern arising from animal models of intrauterine and neonatal
      infections due to viruses: a review. I. Introduction and virologic studies.

PMID- 172972
TI  - Defective interfering (di) particles of poliovirus.

PMID- 172973
TI  - Epstein-Barr herpesvirus and infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 172974
TI  - [Cyclic AMP-mediated regulation of calcium transport by cardiac sarcoplasmic
      reticulum (author's transl)].

PMID- 172975
TI  - [Application of immunofluorescence technique to the endocrine research (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 172976
TI  - [Reconstitution of hemoproteins (author's transl)].

PMID- 172978
TI  - [Bacterial motility as a screening probe for the search of biochemically active
      substances (author's transl)].

PMID- 172977
TI  - [Membrane vesicles prepared by different procedures from Escherichia coli:
      orientation of membrane vesicles and coupling of energy to transport into
      membrane vesicles (author's transl)].

PMID- 172979
TI  - Specific binding of insulin to the unicellular alga Acetabularia mediterranea.

PMID- 172980
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin E2-induced cyclic amp accumulation in the rat
      anterior pituitary by 11-deoxyprostaglandin E analogs (9-ketoprostynoic acids).
AB  - The effects of various 11-deoxyprostaglandin E analogs on the basal and
      prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in the rat anterior
      pituitary were studied in vitro. 13-Hydroxy-9-oxoprost-14-ynoic acid at 5 X 10(
      4)M but not 5 X 10(-5)M, decreased (45%) the induced accumulation and did not
      alter the basal accmulation; 15-hydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-ynoic acid at 5 X 10(-4)M
      caused less of a decrease (29%) in the induced and also did not alter the basal
      accumulation. (14Z)-13-Hydroxy-9-oxoprost-14-enoic acid at 5 X 10(-4)M did not
      alter the induced and caused a slight increase (5 fold) in the basal
      accumulation. 7-Oxa-13-prostynoic acid increased slightly the basal accumulation
      at 5 X 10(-5)M (2 fold) and 2.33 X 10(-4)M (6-fold) and did not antagonize the
      induced accumulation. Thus, the 9-ketoprostynoic acids are effective PGE2
      antagonists in this system.

PMID- 172981
TI  - ACTH-induced prostaglandin biosynthesis from 3H-arachidonic acid by
      adrenocortical cells.
AB  - Prostaglandins biosynthesized from 3H-arachidonic acid by trypsin-dispersed cat
      adrenocortical cells were isolated by silicic acid and thin layer chromatography.
      PGE, PGF, and a third component with mobility properties indistinguishable from
      either PGA or PGB were identified both in cortical cell homogenates and
      incubation medium. Concentrations of ACTH (125-250 muU) which stimulate
      steroidogenesis enhanced the conversion of labeled precursor to all three of
      these prostaglandins. These findings provide further evidence for the proposal
      that prostaglandins function as a critical link in ACTH-induced steroidogenesis.

PMID- 172982
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on intestinal secretion, prostaglandin E and cyclic AMP:
      evidence against a role for prostaglandins in cholera toxin-induced secretion.
AB  - The effects of indomethacin on intestine mucosal cAMP, intestinal fluid
      secretion, and mucosal and fluid PGE were studied in rabbits in vivo following
      challenge with cholera toxin. Indomethacin had no effect on cholera toxin-induced
      fluid secretion or cAMP accumulation. Inhibition of PGE synthesis was achieved by
      the administration of two but not one injection of indomethacin. These studies
      provide evidence against a role for PGE in mediating cholera toxin-induced
      secretion and point out the need to measure prostaglandin levels when using
      prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in vivo.

PMID- 172983
TI  - The relationship between prostaglandin release and lung c-AMP levels during
      anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig.
AB  - A four-fold transient rise in c-AMP levels was seen when sensitized guinea-pig
      lungs were challenged with antigen in vitro. This rise in c-AMP also occurred in
      vivo and was shown to be due to release of Prostaglandin E2. This conclusion is
      supported by the finding that inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis (Indomethacin
      and Poly phloretin phosphate) prevent the rise in c-AMP while neither ICI 74,
      917, an inhibitor of histamine release, nor antihistamines had any effect on the
      c-AMP levels.

PMID- 172984
TI  - [Biochemical aspects of migraine].

PMID- 172985
TI  - [Plasma ACTH and beta-MSH in normal subjects and in pituitary-adrenal pathology
      and in non-endocrine pigmentation disorders].

PMID- 172986
TI  - [Empty sella turcica syndrome. Comments with report of a case].

PMID- 172987
TI  - [Renal clearance of the glucuronized fractions of bilirubin in various types of
      jaundice. V. Jaundice caused by tumoral hepatopathies].

PMID- 172988
TI  - On the role of mitochondria in the hereditary cardiomyopathy of the Syrian
      hamster.
AB  - Conventional polarographic techniques reveal no defect of oxidative
      phosphorylation in cardiomyopathic hamster heart mitochondria. However, in
      skeletal muscle of the same animals a defect is seen consistently with NAD+
      linked substrates. This mitochondrial defect is caused by calcium accumulation
      and a consequent loss of NAD+ and magnesium. As shown by density gradient
      centrifugation, the defect resides in only a small fraction of all mitochondria.
      It is assumed that the same genetic defect in BIO 14.6 hamsters causes both
      skeletal muscle and heart lesions. Calcium levels in heart mitochondria are also
      significantly elevated in heart mitochondria. It is postulated that a calcium
      associated defect similar to that in skeletal muscle mitochondria exists also in
      a very small fraction of the heart organelles and is responsible for the
      occurrence of focal necrosis.

PMID- 172989
TI  - Structural and functional characteristics of membrane fractions from
      cardiomyopathic and dystrophic muscle.
AB  - Subcellular fractions from ventricular muscle of the cardiomyopathic Syrian
      hamster and breast muscle from the dystrophic chicken were prepared by zonal
      centrifugation in sucrose gradients. This tenchnique permitted the analysis of a
      wide spectrum of subcellular particles prior to sedimentation, thus avoiding loss
      of activity through particle clumping. Substantial differences in the
      distribution of beta-glucuronidase and p-nitrophenyl-phosphatase in zonal
      fractions from myopathic and control tissues provided evidence for contamination
      of fractions containing fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum by lysosomes. This
      contamination may contribute signifantly to the altered lipid composition and
      Ca2+ transport function of the myopathic preparations.

PMID- 172990
TI  - Ultrastructural myocardial changes produced by viruses.
AB  - Some of the ultrastructural pathological alterations in the myocardium produced
      by viral infections with members of the picornavirus group are described. These
      alterations varied from mild to severe, with necrosis. In animals infected with
      Coxsackie B1 virus and EMC virus, readily identifiable viral crystals were
      frequently found in association with the myocardial lesions by means of electron
      microscopy. The electron microscope made it possible to study vary early
      myocardial changes which were not detected with the light microscope. Although
      the ultrastructural myocardial changes in rheumatic fever have received little
      attention, the light and electron microscopic findings in the myocardium and
      valves of the viral-infected animals described here closely resemble those
      described in man in association with so-called rheumatic heart disease. The type
      of investigations presented forms a good model for the study of the natural
      history of ultrastructural pathology produced in all parts of the heart by
      viruses.

PMID- 172991
TI  - Virus-induced damage of the myocardial cell.
AB  - A total of 330 male 3-week-old mice of the N.M.R.I./Han. strain were infected
      with the M-variant of the EMC (encephalomyocarditis) virus by subcutaneous
      inoculation of 0.25 ml of the virus suspension diluted 1:500. Animals were killed
      at 4- or 6-hour intervals, respectively, and groups of 2 to 8 hearts were taken
      for virological, morphological, and biochemical studies. Before the 8th hour
      after the inoculation, no virus and no pathological cell changes could be
      detected in the hearts; it is assumed, therefore, that there first takes place an
      extracardiac virus cultiplication. The virus content in the hearts increases from
      the 12th to the 30th ahour and subsequently maintains that level. Also from the
      12th to the 30th hour, electron microscopy reveals increasing damage of the
      myocardial cells, the course of which is described. In most instances following
      virus-induced damage of the myocardial cells, the onset of alterations of the
      blood and lymph capillaries and damage to the interstitial cells were observed...

PMID- 172992
TI  - Mechanism of action of pituitary growth hormone.

PMID- 172994
TI  - Hormone receptor complexes and their modulation of membrane function.

PMID- 172993
TI  - Studies on the hepatic glucocorticoid receptor and on the hormonal modulation of
      specific mRNA levels during enzyme induction.

PMID- 172996
TI  - Spin labeled acetylcholine analogs: studies of cholinergic receptor.
AB  - Some spin-labeled acetylcholine analogs, in which the number of methylene groups
      between the quaternary nitrogen and the ether oxygen ranged between 1-5, were
      synthesized to study drug interacitons with acetylcholine receptors. None of the
      compounds tested, with the exception of the one that contained 2 methylene groups
      (SL-2) had any cholinergic activity. SL-2 was not capable of producing any
      nicotinic cholinomimetic activity. On the other hand it proved to have a very
      weak nicotinic cholinolytic activity on the receptors of the frog satorius
      muscle. This compound exhibited strong antagonism against muscarinic receptors of
      the isolated frog heart. The muscarinic cholinolytic action of the spin-label ACh
      analog is discussed in terms of the molecular perturbation theory of drug action.

PMID- 172995
TI  - The relationship of sleep and sleep stages to neuroendocrine secretion and
      biological rhythms in man.

PMID- 172997
TI  - The growth characteristics of the metastatic Wistar/Furth Wilms' tumor model.
AB  - Growth characteristics, metastatic spread, and survival times were evaluated in a
      transplantable Wistar/Furth rat Wilms' tumor model. Tumor suspensions of various
      tumor cell dosages were injected in an attempt to find the optimum level of tumor
      take. Lung metastases were frequent following tumor injection by all routes.
      However, tumor spread to the lungs was the least frequent following subcutaneous
      (SC) injection of the tumor. Survival time for the intramuscular (IM) group was
      statistically longer at all tumor dose levels. For the 1 X 10(5) tumor dosage,
      survival time ranged from a mean of 27 days for the intrarenal (IR) group to a
      mean 42 days for the IM group. For the 1 X 10(4) dosage, survival time ranged
      from a mean of 37 days for the intraperitoneal (IP) group to a mean of 51 days
      for the IM group. It is concluded that this animal tumor closely resembles the
      human Wilms' tumor, and that the point at which the transplanted tumor fails to
      be successfully transplanted is below the dosage level of 1 X 10(3) tumor cells.

PMID- 172999
TI  - Effect of hydroxycobalamin on the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase by cyanide.
      I - In intact mitochondria.
AB  - The effects of hydroxycobalamin on inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase by cyanida
      in isolated intact mitochondria were studied. No effect of hydroxycobalamin (HCo)
      and cyanocobalamin (CNCo) was observed on normal mitochondria. When mitochondria
      inhibited by cyanida were treated with HCo the respiration with ADP, the
      respiration after ADP and respiratory coefficient (RC) were increased. No effect
      was observed with CNCo. Difference spectra of the effect of HCo on the inhibition
      of cytochrome c oxidase by cyanida and azide in isolated intact mitochondria were
      recorded using a split beam spectrophotometer. The results presented herein
      suggest that HCo reverses the cyanide inhibition because part of cytochrome a3 is
      free from cyanide as a consequence of dissociation of the complex, resulting in
      CNCo formation. If this reaction continues to occur together with a probable by
      pass between cytochrome a and oxygen throught the HCo (which was not transformed
      in CNCo), oxygen consumption and most of the respiratory chain will be maitened
      in the active state.

PMID- 172998
TI  - Serum and host liver activities of glycosidases and sialyltransferases in animals
      bearing transplantable tumors.
AB  - Rats bearing Reuber H-35 or Novikoff hepatomas and mice bearing L1210 or L5178Y
      murine leukemias exhibited elevated serum levels of fetuin : N-acetylneuraminic
      acid transferase (EC 2.4.99.1) activity. The serum transferase activity could be
      correlated with the growth rate of the tumor; in animals bearing the more rapidly
      growing Novikoff hepatoma, activity was higher than in animals bearing the Reuber
      H-35 hepatoma. Higher transferase levels were also found in L1210 leukemic mice
      than in mice with the slightly slower growing L5178Y leukemia. Serum from rats
      bearing Reuber H-35 hepatoma and mice bearing L1210 murine leukemia had elevated
      levels of alpha- and beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20 and EC 3.2.1.21), alpha- and
      beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22 and (3.2.1.23), beta mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25),
      alpha- and beta-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.- and EC 3.2.1.38), beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2); alpha
      mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24), beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.2.-) and beta
      xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) were not elevated. In animals bearing Reuber H-35
      hepatoma, host liver levels of glycosidases, beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) and
      acid phosphatase were elevated over both the control and the hepatoma values. The
      data are interpreted to mean that the tumors or various host tissues release
      large quantities of enzymes into the serum and that enzyme levels in host organs
      may also be affected by the tumor.

PMID- 173000
TI  - [Exocrine pancreatic function and calcium balance. Experimental studies of the
      effect of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D3, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol,
      dihydrotachysterin and thyrocalcitonin (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of the acute elevation of extracellular calcium concentration, of
      vitamin D3, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, dihydrotachysterin, parathyroid hormone
      and of thyrocalcitonin on the exocrine function of the perfused cat pancreas was
      studied. Elevation of the perfusate calcium concentration resulted in an initial
      increase in the enzyme and, occasionally, calcium concentration of the pancreatic
      juice, the flow rate and the secretion of magnesium and chloride were not very
      much altered. The application of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
      elevated the stimulated (by acetylcholine or cholecystokinin-pancreocymin)
      protein and enzyme output (lipase, alpha-amylase). Parathyroid hormone and,
      especially, thyreocalcitonin inhibited the stimulated protein and enzyme
      secretion, volume and rate of the electrolyte secretion were not changed. In
      states of calcium excess the stimulated protein output was decreased by both
      vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone.

PMID- 173001
TI  - Occupational type test for the etiological diagnosis of asthma due to toluene di
      isocyanate.
AB  - An occupational type exposure-test to toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) for the
      diagnosis of specific respiratory sensitization is proposed. The subjects were
      tested by exposure to a two-pot polyurethane varnish with and without TDI
      activator, using a paint-spraying system under standard and controlled
      conditions, so as not to exceed the threshold limit value of TDI. Forced
      expiratory volume per second and specific airway resistance (plethysmographic
      method) were measured before each exposure and during the following 24 h. 47
      subjects with clinical symptoms of asthma were examined during their hospital
      care. For the purpose of this study they were divided into two groups: 42 workers
      exposed to TDI and 5 not exposed. The preliminary control test, using
      polyurethane varnish without TDI activator, was always negative and no
      significant changes in ventilatory parameters were recorded. The spray-painting
      test, with the same varnish and TDI activator, gave positive responses in 35 out
      of the 42 exposed workers and negative findings in the group not exposed. This
      method permits to formulate an accurate diagnosis of TDI respiratory
      sensitization in the majority of cases (83%). Immediate asthmatic reactions were
      frequently observed in the exposed subjects with high acetylcholine reactivity.
      Ten subjects showed a late bronchial reaction (3 h or more after TDI exposure).

PMID- 173002
TI  - Can VA/Q distributions in the lung be recovered from inert gas retention data?
AB  - It has been suggested that the true distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios
      can be determined from measurements made during the excretion of six different
      inert gases. This report shows that a number of considerably different
      distribution patterns will yield the same retention data, even in the absence of
      analytical error. Therefore, although analysis of inert gas retention data will
      allow one to arrive at a VA/Q distribution, it will not necessarily be the
      correct distribution.

PMID- 173003
TI  - [Effect of lipiodol used in diagnostic sialography upon thyroid function in
      patients with Sjogren's syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 173004
TI  - [Heterochronia of nerve fibers in man. Diagnostic value: initial results].
AB  - A classical physiological observation not usually apparent with methods used for
      detecting nerve potential in man, heterochronia of the nerve fibres is often
      found in extraordinary circumstances with considerably higher than normal
      frequence : mainly in muscular disorders, in particular myotonic dystrophy ; more
      incidentally in disorders of muscle tone. The authors draw attention to certain
      sources of error which could lead to wrong diagnosis of heterochronia and
      emphasize that these are only the initial results of research which needs to be
      pursued further.

PMID- 173005
TI  - [Study of afferent conduction in the external saphenous nerve using the method of
      evoked cerebral potentials].
AB  - By the comparison of nerve action potentials and cerebral potentials evoked by
      the same electrical stimulus the propagation of the somaesthetic impulse to the
      cerebral cortex can be evaluated. This technique was applied to the fibres of the
      sural nerve in normal subjects and in patients presenting various lesions of the
      peripheral and central nervous system. Evoked cerebral potential afforded
      valuable data when it was not possible to record the nerve action potentials or
      when the lesion involved the central segment of the afferent pathway.

PMID- 173006
TI  - [Physiopathological and neuropathological study of a cerebral decortication
      syndrome].
AB  - Detailed observation of a case of laminar necrosis of almost the whole of the
      cerebral cortex has led to several deductions concerning the physiology of the
      cortex in man. It suggests that the cortex has a limited influence on sleep,
      interfering particularly in the electro-encephalographic translation of slow
      sleep and, curiously, in the organisation of sleep, paradoxical sleep is hardly
      affected at all. It confirms the importance of the human cortex in the
      acquisition of elementary skills and describes a new oculomotor pattern in a
      decorticate man.

PMID- 173008
TI  - [Cytological examination in the routine diagnosis of urethritis with inclusions].

PMID- 173007
TI  - [Bilateral Wilms' tumor (report of 4 cases)].

PMID- 173009
TI  - [Serological studies of the role of the respiratory syncytial virus in acute
      respiratory diseases in children].
AB  - The presence of the syncytial respiratory virus was determined by CF in 281
      children admitted with acute respiratory diseases between 15 Sept. 1971 and 30
      Dec. 1973, using the Long antigen prepared in the "St. Nicolau" Institute of
      Virology, Bucharest. In 38 children (13.5%) a serologic diagnosis of infection
      with the syncytial virus was established; in the other cases of respiratory
      infection of different etiology, antibodies to the syncytial virus were found in
      low but constant titers in both serum samples. The presence of these antibodies
      in a high proportion of the children points to the wide circulation of the
      syncytial virus in the infantile population, with all its clinico-epidemiologic
      implications.

PMID- 173010
TI  - Virologic studies in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Comparison of virus antibody titers in JRA and matched controls failed to
      implicate rubella, measles, parainfluenza type 1 or Epstein-Barr viruses. Neither
      RNA viruses or mycoplasma were detected in rheumatoid synovial cell cultures by
      3H-uridine incorporation. Mycoplasma were not isolated from rheumatoid synovial
      membranes or cell cultures using the large specimen-broth culture procedure. The
      balance of available evidence, including our own, suggests that mycoplasma are
      not involved in RA. Viruses, however, are better candidates, in spite of similar
      generally negative studies to date, because methods for detecting known latent
      infection in animals and in vitro are still in their infancy. Those that are
      known have not yet been comprehensively applied to RA. Thus, supported by
      indirect evidence from animal models and human diseases like polyarteritis, the
      hypothesis that viruses are involved in the pathogenesis of RA remains
      attractive, although direct evidence is still lacking.

PMID- 173011
TI  - Flail arm splints.

PMID- 173012
TI  - Granular cell myoblastoma of the common bile duct: report of a case and review of
      the literature.

PMID- 173013
TI  - Effects of chronic ethanol abuse on structure and enzyme activities of skeletal
      muscle in man.
AB  - Biopsies from vastus lateralis muscle of male patients suffering from chronic
      ethanol abuse were studied with regard to histochemical reactions of ATPase and
      NADH-diaphorase; enzymatic activities of triosephosphate dehydrogenase (TPD),
      lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and cytochrome c oxidase (cytox); content of ATP,
      creatine phosphate, and glycogen; and volume fractions of fat, mitochondria, and
      fibrillar and extrafibrillar space. The results were compared with those from
      controls without known abuse of ethanol. The relative numbers of fibers were the
      same in two groups, but the size of the fast-twitch-glycolytic (white) fibers was
      diminished in the alcoholic group. The activities of TPD and LD were diminished
      in skeletal muscle of the alcoholics. This is most probably caused by the reduced
      amount of fast-twitch-glycolytic tissue, as there was a good correlation between
      this amount and the activity of the two enzymes. The activity of cytox was
      slightly lower in muscle of the alcoholics than in that of the controls. The
      volume fraction of mitochondria was lower in the alcoholic group than in the
      control group. Volume fractions of fat and fibrillar and extrafibrillar space
      were equal in the two groups. No significant differences were found in the amount
      of glycogen and ATP in the muscle of the two groups. However, the content of
      creatine phosphate is higher in the alcoholic group than in the control group.

PMID- 173014
TI  - The abnormal "lipoprotein of cholestasis", lipoprotein-X.

PMID- 173015
TI  - Effect of treatment with a bile-sequestering agent (Secholex) on intestinal
      absorption, duodenal bile acids, and plasma lipids.
AB  - Four female and five male patients (mean age 26 years) with hyperlipoproteinaemia
      type II A were treated with an anion exchange gel (Secholex) 9 g/day for 3 months
      and 15 g/day for 9 months. After these 12 months clofibrate 1.5 g/day was added
      to the therapy in 6 patients, whereas 2 patients continued with the resin alone
      for another 6 months, and one was withdrawn from the trial because of pregnancy.
      During the first year plasma cholesterol decreased averagely 18% from a mean
      pretreatment value of 461 mg/100 ml. Dosis of 9 g/day seemed to be as efficient
      as 15 g/day. When clofibrate was added, a further decrease of plasma cholesterol
      by 6% was observed, and the levels of triglycerides were reduced. Significantly
      increased concentrations of bile acids and a rise in the glycine/taurine ratio in
      duodenal aspirate were caused by the resin. On combined treatment the
      concentration of bile acids decreased to the pretreatment values, whereas the
      glycine/taurine ratio remained unchanged. During the trial slight transient
      changes in serum folic acid, fasting insulin, calcium, alkaline phosphatases, and
      vitamin B 12-absorption occurred. No changes in serum vitamin A, vitamin-K
      dependent clotting factors, serum gastrin, gastric acid output, the absorption of
      glucose and iron, and faecal excretion of fat were observed. Serum insulin 30 and
      60 minutes after an oral glucose loading decreased in the patients on combined
      treatment, whereas the insulin response remained normal in patients taking
      Secholex alone. Liver function tests and creatinine were unchanged during the
      trial. Apart from transient abdominal discomfort in two patients, no side-effects
      were discovered. The patients found the gel palatable.

PMID- 173017
TI  - Stimulation of normal lymphocytes with autologous lymphoid cell lines: properties
      of derived killer cells.
AB  - Lymphocytes from normal adults, with or without serological signs of previous
      Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, could be stimulated to proliferate and
      produce killer cells by incubation with autologous EBV-genome-positive lymphoid
      cell lines (LCLs). The stimulated cells were most probably of T-cell origin,
      although at the peak of stimulation many of them lacked the sheep erythrocyte
      marker. Direct effector-target cell contact was necessary for lysis to occur. The
      cytotoxicity of autologously stimulated (AS) lymphocytes was not restricted to
      EBV-genome-positive LCLs, nor to cell lines of hematopoietic origin. It was
      equally broad if cells carrying complement receptor had been removed before
      stimulation. Fresh lymphocytes, blasts induced by phytohemagglutinin or
      concanavalin A, and Burkitt's lymphoma biopsy cells were resistant or
      considerably less sensitive. Mouse cells--even cell lines--were resistant. The
      sensitivity of target cells to lysis correlated positively with their capacity to
      block AS lymphocyte lysis of autologous LCLs in competition experiments. The
      cytotoxicity of AS lymphocytes was blocked by EBV-genome-positive and -negative
      cell lines, whereas the EBV-related cytotoxicity of T cells from acute cases of
      infectious mononucleosis was blocked by EBV-genome-positive LCL only.

PMID- 173016
TI  - Cell production and cell function in human cyclic neutropenia.
AB  - In vitro studies have been done on haematopoietic cells from a patient with
      cyclic neutropenia characterized by severe depression of blood neutrophil levels
      every 21 days. Serial blood counts reveal periodic fluctuations in neutrophils,
      monocytes and reticulocytes. Agar culture of marrow cells shows normal
      concentration of colony forming cells. The percentage of colony forming cells in
      S phase is highly increased during profound neutropenia and normal during the
      recovery phase relating the granulocyte production to the peripheral neutrophil
      level. Studies of ingestion rate, bactericidal activity, lactate production and
      glucose oxidation during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes show normal
      results. Also the ingestion rate in isolated monocytes is normal. Serial
      karyotype analyses of marrow cells during the neutrophil cycle display a normal
      pattern. Serum myeloperoxidase levels vary inversely with the peripheral
      neutrophil count indicating increased granulopoietic activity during profound
      neutropenia, which might be associated with non effective granulopoiesis during
      profound neutropenia, leading to a lack of granulocyte reserves in the marrow.

PMID- 173018
TI  - Circadian periodicity a neurospora: alteration by inhibitors of cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase.
AB  - Three methyl xanthine inhibitors of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      phosphodiesterase-theophylline, aminophyline, and caffeine-lengthen the period of
      the circadian conidiation rhythm of Neurospora. The effect are seen in wild-type
      strains and in three mutant strains with genetically altered period lengths.
      These results suggest the possible involvement of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate
      in the control of circadian rhythmicity.

PMID- 173019
TI  - Immunosurveillance of naturally occurring feline leukemia.
AB  - When compared to their housemates that subsequently developed leukemia, cats that
      remained healthy had five-to tenfold higher (geometric mean) humoral antibody
      titers to the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. This is
      compatible with the application of the immunosurveillance hypothesis to the
      natural development of leukemia in an outbred mammalian species.

PMID- 173020
TI  - Tumorigenicity of mouse-human diploid hybrids in nude mice.
AB  - Somatic cell hybrids between normal mouse cells and simian virus 40 (SV40)
      transformed human cells, which contained a diploid complement of mouse
      chromosomes and the human chromosome 7 carrying the genome of SV40, were
      tumorigenic in nude mice. One single copy of human chromosome 7 per hybrid cell
      appeared to be sufficient for the tumorigenicity of the hybrids.

PMID- 173021
TI  - Cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cellular growth.

PMID- 173022
TI  - Estrogen target sites in the brain of the chick embryo.
AB  - Autoradiograms prepared from brains of chick embryos after injection of
      [3H]estradiol demonstrate the existence of target cells for estrogen in the
      medial preoptic and ventral hypothalamic regions as early as day 10 of
      incubation. Target cells also appear in telencephalic locations during later
      stages of embryonic development. These hormone-concentrating cells probably are
      the anatomical substrate for the formative action of sex steroids during
      embryonic life on certain brain functions such as control of sexual and
      aggressive behaviour and gonadotropin secretion.

PMID- 173023
TI  - [Treatment of 100 cases of essential atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 173024
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinical study.
AB  - The clinical course of 40 patients with histologically proven hepatocellular
      carcinoma was reviewed. The majority had symptoms and signs suggesting abdominal
      malignancy; these included abdominal pain, weight loss, tenderness in the right
      upper quadrant, hepatomegaly, and fever. The most useful diagnostic tests were
      determination of serum alkaline phosphatase level, sodium sulfobromophthalein
      (Bromsulphalein) excretion, and liver scan. Prothrombin time and bilirubin levels
      were normal or only slightly elevated. Celiac angiography was helpful in
      determining the extent of the disease. Surgical exploration was done in 25% of
      the cases, but in only 5% was resection attempted. The grim prognosis is
      indicated by the fact that only 10% of patients were alive six months after
      admission to the hospital.

PMID- 173026
TI  - [Clinico-morphological comparisons in para-influenza].

PMID- 173025
TI  - A study of serum lipoproteins and angiographic evidence of coronary artery
      disease.
AB  - Extensive serum lipid analyses, with specific emphasis on the concentration of
      serum beta and pre-beta-lipoproteins, were made on 93 patients who had a clinical
      diagnosis of angina pectoris and were undergoing coronary angiographic studies.
      Those individuals with abnormal angiographic evidence of obstructive coronary
      artery disease, including a group with a prior myocardial infarction, have almost
      uniformly elevated serum beta-lipoprotein levels when related to an arbitrary
      division based on the mean values for a "normal" adult population at a similar
      age level. Compared to serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides, the serum
      lipoprotein concentrations, specifically beta-lipoproteins, appear to be a more
      useful parameter for predicting the existence of coronary artery disease. Further
      studies relating clinical risk factors to coronary artery disease might be better
      approached by using angiography of coronary vessels rather than myocardial
      infarction or sudden death from coronary artery disease as an endpoint of morbid
      data.

PMID- 173027
TI  - [Tumors of the small pelvis simulating perineal hernia].

PMID- 173028
TI  - Localised myeloma with osteogenesis and Russell body formation.
AB  - A case of an osteosclerotic myeloma of the mandible is described. Bone formation
      took the form of prominent sunray spiculation and radiologically mimicked an
      osteosarcoma. No other well-documented solitary lesion of this type could be
      found in the English literature. In addition, this tumour contained an abundance
      of intracytoplasmic Russell bodies and also produced a paraprotein. The
      paraprotein peak disappeared after resection.

PMID- 173029
TI  - [Incidence of Cytomegalovirus antibodies in the region of Valencia (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 173030
TI  - Infection in immunosuppressed transplant recipients.

PMID- 173031
TI  - Portal and pancreatic vein catheterization with radioimmunologic determination of
      insulin.
AB  - Percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein along with the
      catheterization of the aorta and the vena cava was performed in six patients, one
      of whom had hypoglycemic attacks due to Whipple's triad. Blood samples from
      different branches in the different vessel systems were withdrawn for
      radioimmunologic determination of insulin. By this method, preoperative
      localization of the insulin producing pancreatic islet cell tumor was su
      cessfully performed. Multiple tumors as well as liver metastases were
      preoperatively excluded. Recatheterization and blood sampling for
      radioimmunologic determination of insulin was performed postoperatively to verify
      the radicality of the operation. Insulin concentrations from the hypoglycemic
      patients were compared with those of the patients without insulinoma and found to
      be significantly higher. The procedure is proposed as a useful method for
      localizing all types of gastrointestinal hormone producing primary or secondary
      tumors in which a method for hormone determination is available. The
      postoperative investigation is useful as a check of the operation performed and
      as a follow-up examination for the early diagnosis of recurrence.

PMID- 173034
TI  - [Diagnosis of peripheral nerve lesions (author's transl)].

PMID- 173035
TI  - [Conservative treatment of peripheral nerve lesions (author's transl)].

PMID- 173033
TI  - Diagnosis of human fetal abnormalities by fetography.
AB  - Being able to detect fetal abnormalities that may be associated with hydramnios
      would be extremely useful, especially when diabetes mellitus, Rh isoimmunization,
      and multiple pregnancy are ruled out. For this purpose the new technique of
      fetography, consisting of injecting a small amount of 2 radioque media
      (liposoluble and hydrosoluble), was used. Four out of 6 fetuses were correctly
      predicted to be abnormal. They were 1 case of esophageal atresia, 1 of suspicious
      chromosomal abnormality (after birth it was confirmed as having the Smith-Lemli
      Opitz syndrome), and 2 of trisomy 18. It is felt that this simple technique
      should be used as an aid to the obstetrician faced with the problem of
      determining the basis of unexplained hydramnios.

PMID- 173032
TI  - Hepatocyte perfusion within a centrifuge.
AB  - A centrifuge, as used in blood banks for washing erythrocytes, is shown to be a
      good perfusion chamber for hepatocyte suspensions being evaluated for potential
      extracorporeal liver support. The perfusate was cell-free oxygenated--pO2 300
      millimeters of mercury--plasma, serum or tissue culture medium. A centrifuge that
      requires intermittent perfusion cannot deliver sufficient oxygen to maintain
      prolonged viability. A continuous flow unit can, at a flow of 800 milliliters per
      minute, support most functions of 100 grams of hepatocytes for six hours and some
      function for 12 hours. Metabolism of 2-14C tagged pyruvate to 14CO2 is the most
      useful sensitive measurement of liver function in this system. It is concluded
      that a centrifuge allowing a constant perfusion of oxygenated plasma into
      hepatocytes kept within the unit by centrifugal force is a suitable base for
      extracorporeal liver support.

PMID- 173036
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery after irreparable nerve lesions (author's transl)].

PMID- 173037
TI  - Proceedings: Common action of inducers and inhibitors of aggregation on
      phosphorylation of surface localized Ca-binding protein.

PMID- 173038
TI  - Proceedings: The isolation procedure and some characteristics of c-AMP dependent
      protein kinases of human blood platelets.

PMID- 173039
TI  - Proceedings: The isolated surface membrane of pig platelets. I. Subcellular
      analysis and identification using em morphometry and 125I antibody labelling.

PMID- 173040
TI  - [An unusual case of dilatation of the oesophagus in a cat (author's transl)].

PMID- 173041
TI  - [Poisoning of pigeons with hydrocyanic acid for the reduction of surplus
      populations, tierarztl. prax. 2, 47 (1974)].

PMID- 173042
TI  - [Animal protection must also adopt new concepts. Comments on the rebuttal by
      Lubke].

PMID- 173043
TI  - Electron microscopic observation of inclusion bodies in plasma cells of multiple
      myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
AB  - Intracellular inclusion bodies in the plasma cells were sought by electron
      microscopy in 32 cases of multiple myeloma and 3 of Waldenstrom's
      macroglobulinemia. In some cases, round shaped intranuclear inclusions and
      intranuclear fibrillar bundles were observed. In other cases, Russell bodies and
      crystalline structures were found in the cisternae of rough surfaced endoplasmic
      reticulum (rER), and dense bodies, myelin-like structures, fibrillar formations,
      polysome lamellae complexes, crystalline structures, virus-like particles and
      phagocytosis were observed in the cytoplasm of plasma cells. The detailed
      ultrastructure of these inclusions was described, and their functional
      significance, origin and appearance rate were discussed. Finally, the presence of
      true viral particles in the plasma cells was ruled out.

PMID- 173044
TI  - (3H)-estradiol binding by chick liver nuclear extracts: mechanism of increase in
      binding following estradiol injection.
AB  - Specific high affinity binding of [3H]-estradiol by 0.5 M KCl extracts of chick
      liver nuclei is substantially increased by estradiol injection of the immature
      chick. The effect is observed shortly after estradiol injection, while the
      estradiol-induced production of serum phosphoproteins (vitellogenic response) is
      not detectable until about 24 hr. Cycloheximide given 90 min before estradiol
      inhibits the increase in nuclear binding for 12-15 hr. At 24-48 hr the levels of
      nuclear binding are similar to those in the estradiol-treated animals not given
      cycloheximide, but serum phosphoprotein levels are depressed by about 80% at 48
      hr. By 75 hr however the serum of the cycloheximide-treated estrogenized chicks
      contains about twice as much phosphoprotein as does serum of chicks given
      estradiol alone. It is suggested that the inhibition of protein synthesis for 12
      15 hr delays the vitellogenic response until sufficient levels of nuclear [3H]
      estradiol binding protein can be synthesized. A correlation between the levels of
      nuclear [3H]-estradiol binding at 24 hr and phosphoprotein at 48 hr is shown in a
      dose-response experiment. In vitro, nafoxidine-HCl (Upjohn 11,100 A) inhibits
      binding of [3H]-estradiol by the chick liver nuclear extracts. In vivo, a single
      injection of nafoxidine with estradiol inhibits phosphoprotein production.
      Injection of nafoxidine alone results in a small but significant increase in [3H]
      estradiol binding by nuclear extracts, but it is not estrogenic. A possible
      interpretation is that nafoxidine transfers low levels of a putative cytosol
      receptor to the nucleus, but is unable to induce the amplification mechanism
      required to give the levels of nuclear estradiol-binding protein needed for the
      vitellogenic response.

PMID- 173045
TI  - Estrogen receptor in rat liver and its dependence on prolactin.
AB  - Estrogen receptor is shown to be present in the livers of adult rats. The
      receptor binds estradiol-17beta with a Kd of 1 x 10(-10) M and sediments at 8 S
      in sucrose gradients. Other estrogens and anti-estrogens compete for estradiol
      binding, while nonestrogenic steroids do not. Receptor levels fall dramatically
      after hypophysectomy, but can be partially restored within 18 hours by a single
      injection of prolactin. It is known that prolactin critically regulates the level
      of its own receptor in the liver, and we now suggest that it also exerts a
      primary control over the availability of liver estrogen receptor.

PMID- 173046
TI  - Metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone by hormone dependent and hormone independent
      human breast carcinoma.
AB  - The metabolism of 7alpha-3H-dehydroepiandrosterone was studied in six human
      breast carcinomas in vitro. All mammary tumors transformed DHA to testosterone,
      dihydrotestosterone, 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol and 5alpha-androstane
      3,17-dione. Of the tumors investigated, three estrogen receptor-negative tumors
      converted DHA to estradiol and only one estrogen receptor-positive tumor produced
      estradiol from DHA. Observations on the relationship of androgen metabolism and
      hormone dependency are discussed.

PMID- 173047
TI  - Scatchard plots: common errors in correction and interpretation.

PMID- 173048
TI  - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of stomatological cleaning agents with
      special reference to the Eladent prosthesis cleaner].
AB  - The experimental and clinical testing of certain denture cleaners, viz., Eladent,
      Kukident and Steradent, yielded identical good results. As far as possible,
      Eladent should be dissolved in warm water (35-40 degrees C). In this case, the
      tablets will dissolve within 15-20 minutes. For immediate cleaning, the tablets
      may be dissolved within 1 or 2 minutes by raising the water temperature at 50
      degrees C. No striking immediate effect can be expected from this cleaner in case
      of stained dentures which have been worn for many years. The cleaner improves
      little by little the hygienic condition of the denture. It is recommended to
      apply the cleaning tablets immediately after insertion of the prosthesis at
      regular intervals. In this way, soft deposits and plaques will no longer adhere
      and cause the formation of hard deposits.

PMID- 173049
TI  - Comparison of 99mTc-labelled polyphosphate, pyrophosphate and ethane hydroxy
      diphosphonate in patients with skeletal metastases and in normal subjects.

PMID- 173050
TI  - [99mTc-labeled sodium pyrophosphate in the study of primary and secondary bone
      cancer].

PMID- 173051
TI  - Reversed hemagglutination test for the detection of Australia antigen.

PMID- 173052
TI  - Editorial: Tubular aggregates: viral or not?

PMID- 173053
TI  - The effect of idoxuridine on herpes simplex virus infection in mouse skin.

PMID- 173054
TI  - Hereditary multiple glomus tumours. Report of four families and a review of
      literature.

PMID- 173055
TI  - Cellular immune responsiveness in dogs with demodectic mange.

PMID- 173057
TI  - Steroid receptors and hormone receptivity: new approaches in pharmacology and
      therapeutics.

PMID- 173056
TI  - Local and systemic cell-mediated immunity in viral infection of the canine
      respiratory tract.

PMID- 173058
TI  - The effect of hydergine on the enzymes involved in cAMP turonver in the brain.

PMID- 173059
TI  - Physiological properties of vertebrate nerve cells in tissue culture.
AB  - Vertebrate neurons in tissue culture are providing us with a new model system for
      studying the complex events which occur during neuronal differentiation,
      synaptogenesis, and neural network formation. It is already apparent that
      dissociated embryo neurons are capable of differentiating both morphologically
      and physiologically along predetermined lines in the absence of external
      influences. These neurons can form new connections with one another but retain
      some specificity in their selections. Both simple and complex neural networks can
      be seen. At the present time, the development of the invitro model system is just
      being explored. The potential value of a system of this kind at a variety of
      investigative levels should be appreciated. Questions of a fundamental nature in
      neurobiology, such as how synapses form, what rules govern such interaction, how
      cells recognize one another, and the nature of the basic two-, three-, or four
      cell circuits that comprise the more complex neurons tissue can be approached
      with this system. Studies of the neurons and synapses themselves can lead to a
      more basic understanding of vertebrate nervous system functioning. The
      development of certain pathophysiological processes and the effects of
      neuroactive drugs on vertebrate neurons may be studied at the cellular level.
      Finally, the basic mechanism of some genetic abnormalities which produce abnormal
      nervous structure and function may be more easily determined in a simplified in
      vitro model than in the intact central nervous system. The value of any model is
      not inherent in the elegance of the model itseld, but only in its ability to
      suggest answers to fundamental questions about the system being modeled. Many
      fundamental questions about brain mechanisms in mental retardation remain
      unanswered. Perhaps some day the model of nerve cells in tissue culture will
      bring us closer to the answers to these questions.

PMID- 173060
TI  - Neuronal control of neurochemical processes in the basal ganglia.

PMID- 173061
TI  - Discussion: Nigrostriatal projections and the "dopamine report".

PMID- 173062
TI  - Studies on the molecular defect in galactosemia.
AB  - The galactose metabolic pathway and some of the consequences of deficient
      galactokinase or gal-1-P uridyltransferase activity have been discussed. The
      existence of CRM in transferase deficiency galactosemia is presented as evidence
      that this disease is the result of a structural gene mutation. The finding of
      both quantitative and qualitative variation in transferase CRM among different
      galactosemic patients argues that genetic heterogeneity exists within this group.
      Data supporting a Ping-Pong mechanism of action for human transferase reaction is
      proposed.

PMID- 173063
TI  - [Influence of cortisone on the levels of pyruvic and lactic acids and the
      activity of the enzymes of gluconeogenesis in the tissues of newborn and adult
      animals].
AB  - There are considerable changes in the lactic and pyruvic acid contents and
      fructoso-1,6-diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities in some tissues
      of newborn and adult guinea pigs and rabbits 24 hours after cortisone-acetate (2
      mg per 100 g of body weight) injection. In the newborn animals of both species
      the hormone causes a decrease in the lactic and pyruvic acid concentrations and
      an increase in fructoso-1,6-diphosphatase activity when in the adult ones--an
      increase in the lactic and pyruvic acid levels and in the glucose-6-phosphatase.
      In the liver and kidney cortex of adult animals as compared to the newborn ones
      the fructoso-1,6-diphosphatase activity is significantly increased and in other
      tissues under study it is decreased. Certain species differences in lactic and
      pyruvic acid contents and in the activities of both enzymes as well as in the
      character of their changes under cortisone influence are found.

PMID- 173064
TI  - [Influence of muscular activity on changes in the metabolism of tendotomized
      muscle].
AB  - The muscular activity is established to inhibit the development of atrophic and
      dystrophic changes and accelerates the restoration of normal biochemical status
      in a tendotomized muscle. Surgical desympathization does not remove this effect
      of the increased muscular activity. However surgical desympathization lowers the
      degree of compensatory biochemical changes in the symmetrical intact muscle of
      the other leg. Atrophical phenomena is little expressed and dystrophical changes
      are absent in the tendotomized trained muscles.

PMID- 173065
TI  - [Noncoenzymic function of vitamin PP].
AB  - The article deals with the experimental data of the authors and those from
      literature on interrelation between NAD and DNA metabolism in hepatocytes and the
      role of nuclear NAD-glycohydrolase and NAD-pyrophosphorylase in these processes.
      Considerable attention is paid to the information on biosynthesis, structure and
      biochemical functions of poly(ADPR)--a new polymer formed in eucariots nuclei
      from NAD. The data on the effects of vitamin PP and its biologically active
      derivative--NAD on DNA synthesis, proliferation of cells and on their genic
      activity are presented and discussed from modern view points on noncoenzymatic
      functions of this vitamin.

PMID- 173066
TI  - [Functional exchange of metabolic regulators in endocrinology and
      neurochemistry].
AB  - On the basis of the authors and their collaborators studies and the data of other
      investigators, the paper deals with significance and development of the idea of
      the role in the regulation of the processes and functions not only of unchanged
      adrenergic hormones-mediators (catecholamines) but also of the products of their
      metabolism as well as of those ways by which this metabolism occurs. Diversity in
      the processes of catecholamines and other hormones transformation makes it
      possible the shunting of this metabolism from one ways to others, that has an
      effect on many key enzymes of the intracellular metabolism. The products of
      quinoid and monoaminoxidase transformation of catecholamines affect directly the
      enzymatic processes and may change the character and intensity of the subsequent
      and simultaneous effect of the native hormones-mediators. The data obtained when
      studying adrenaline and noradrenaline metabolism may be extrapolated to certain
      aspects of the action mechanism of other hormones and mediators of nervous
      processes. An attempt is made to generalize theoretically the data on the role of
      hormones-mediators of metabolism in the mechanism of their action with the idea
      of "induced fit" of the enzymes and with certain problems of biochemistry of the
      effector cells receptors.

PMID- 173068
TI  - The tapeworm tegument: a model system for studies on membrane structure and
      function in host-parasite relationships.

PMID- 173067
TI  - Synovial sarcoma of the larynx.
AB  - There have been several reports in the literature2-5 of synovial sarcomas of the
      head and neck. The consensus of these authors is that the tumor is not as
      aggressive in this localization as in the extremities, where the recurrence rate
      is 60% to 70%, and the five-year long-term follow-up of such cases should be made
      available. Thereby, a reasonably clear and effective modality of treatment could
      be recommoneded.

PMID- 173069
TI  - [Abdominoanal resection of the rectum with a lowering of different sections of
      the left half of the colon].
AB  - In tumor localization at the level of 7--12 cm aside from the anus the authors
      performed 168 abdominoanal resections of the rectum with descending of different
      portions of the left colon. Among these patients in 126 subjects descending of
      the sigmoid in the anal canal was performed, in 30 of the splenic angle of the
      transverse colon, and in 12 of a proximal portion of the descending left colon.
      Some characteristic features of surgery for descending of different portions of
      the left colon are described.

PMID- 173070
TI  - Dose response to a single injection of azoxymethane in rats. Induction of tumors
      in the gastrointestinal tract, auditory sebaceous glands, kidney, liver and
      preputial gland.
AB  - Male Fischer rats, 6 weeks old, were injected once with one of five doses of
      azoxymethane. There was a dose response to the carcinogen as determined by weight
      gain and tumor induction. Rats given the three highest doses developed tumors of
      the gastrointestinal tract, auditory sebaceous glands, kidney, liver, and
      preputial gland, whereas rats receiving the lowest doses had tumors mainly of the
      intestine. Chronic liver lesions in high-dose rats were cirrhosis with
      megalocytosis, mild fibrosis, nodular hepatocellular hyperplasia, and hyperplasia
      of bile ductules.

PMID- 173071
TI  - Naturally occurring intracytoplasmic inclusions in the canine exocrine pancreas.
AB  - Bodies similar to acidophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were found by light
      microscopy in the pancreatic acinar cells of 56 of 174 (32%) healthy male and
      female purebred Beagles and 14 of 97 (14%) of healthy male mongrel dogs. The
      inclusions were ovoid, acidophilic and often granular with basophilic
      particulates. Many seemed to be enclosed within halos of various widths. Electron
      microscopically the inclusions consisted of whorls of rough endoplasmic
      reticulum, vacuoles, and cytoplasmic organelles in various stages of
      decomposition. These inclusion bodies were interpreted as evidence of focal
      intracytoplasmic degradation. They appeared similar to the dense ribosomal
      autophagic vacuoles, hitherto described only in association with various
      experimental procedures.

PMID- 173072
TI  - Tissue-steroid interactions in canine hormone-dependent tumours.
AB  - Mammary tumour tissue from two bitches and an anal adenoma from a dog were
      investigated for steroid receptor interaction. Both mammary tumours possessed
      cytoplasmic macromolecules sedimenting with coefficients of 4S and 8S that bound
      oestradiol-17beta. These receptors had molecular weights of approximately 60,000
      and 180,000 respectively. Transfer of the oestrogen to the nucleus was shown and
      the presence of a 4-5S nuclear protein demonstrated. The anal adenoma had a
      cytoplasmic receptor, with a sedimentation value in a sucrose density gradient of
      4-5S with respect to bovine serum albumin, that bound tritiated 5alpha-androstane
      3alpha, 17alpha-diol. No affinity could be demonstrated for other C19-steroids
      examined. The significance of these findings in terms of the hormone dependence
      of the tumours investigated and the possible development of these studies to
      promote rational therapy in such cases is discussed.

PMID- 173073
TI  - Blue tongue in Wiltshire-horn sheep.

PMID- 173074
TI  - [Complement fixation reaction (CFR) in adenovirus infections of calves].
AB  - Studied was the complement-fixation reaction in the diagnosis of the adenovirus
      infections in calves. It was found that the test is specific and sensitive. A
      virus suspension of tissue cultures was used as an antigen, its titer varying
      from 1:8 up to 1:16. Specific complement-fixing antibodies were detected mainly
      in survivals at serum dilution of up to 1:64. Specific antibodies were
      established in undiluted sera too taken from animals of infected herds. In some
      of the tested sera there were both complement-fixing and precipitating
      antibodies. In calves treated with a live vaccine against adenoviruses the
      dynamics of the complement-fixing antibodies was followed up.

PMID- 173075
TI  - [Adaptation and cultivation of the Perego strain of ovine smallpox virus in
      tissue culture and an evaluation of its immunogenic properties].
AB  - The strain Perego of the sheep pox virus, used for the production of the ovinized
      vaccine in this country, was adapted and cultured in tissue cultures of lamb
      testes. A total of ten passages in succession of the virus were performed with
      the manifestation of a characteristic cytopathic effect in the cultures. The
      titer of the virus was found to be within the range of 10(3.5)CPE50, for the
      initial passages, to 10(4.5)CPE50, for the final passages. The activity and
      harmlessness of the virus was tested on sheep. The inoculated 14 sheep with one
      vaccinal dose each, containing 100 CPE50, and two sheep treated with tenfold
      higher dose of the virus showed that sheep in general tolerate well the rates at
      which the virus was applied within the range cited. The general state of the
      sheep did not exhibit deviations, however, the animals' body temperature rose,
      and there were reactions at the site of the inoculation. Serum-neutralizing
      antibodies were established in the blood of sheep one month following
      vaccination.

PMID- 173076
TI  - DNA polymerase induction by DNA-negative temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes
      simplex virus type 2.

PMID- 173077
TI  - The genome of equine arteritis virus.

PMID- 173078
TI  - Activation of influenza A viruses by trypsin treatment.

PMID- 173079
TI  - Equine herpesvirus-induced alterations in nuclear RNA and DNA polymerase
      activities.

PMID- 173080
TI  - A study of the sequences of chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO) virus DNA present
      in a transformed hamster cell line with use of specific fragments of the virus
      genome.

PMID- 173081
TI  - A peptide comparison of proteins in the simian virus 40 virion.

PMID- 173082
TI  - Transcription of equine herpesvirus type 1: evidence for classes of transcripts
      differing in abundance.

PMID- 173083
TI  - [Beta-lipoprotein cholesterol: calculation without centrifugation and clinical
      importance].

PMID- 173084
TI  - [Metabolism of nucleic acids in normal, regenerating and neoplastic tissues of
      the liver].
AB  - Under study was the kinetic growth of three hepatomas-22A, 60 and 46,
      characterized by a various degree of differentiation. There was found a
      correlation between the degree of differentiation and parameters of the hepatomas
      growth. For the hepatomas a correlation between the DNA content and rate of
      growth was observed, for hepatoma 46 a value of the DNA content proved to be near
      to that of normal liver. Moreover, in a regenerating liver the DNA content is the
      same as normal, that indicates the difference between normal and neoplastic
      actively proliferating tissues. The processes of DNA synthesis, studied by
      thymidine-C14 incorporation, showed a linear correlation with the rate of growth
      in regenerating, normal and neoplastic tissues. The ratio RNA/DNA in tumors is
      regularly decreased with respect to normal liver (a linear correlation between
      RNA/DNA and the maximum rate of growth). In a regenerating liver the ratio is
      high. Variations in the ratio RNA/DNA reflect changes in the functional activity
      and related disorders in the metabolism of nucleic acids in hepatomas. There was
      found a suppressed DNA decomposition in autolysis of homogenates from hepatoma
      tissues. It is essential to note that in a minimum deviated hepatoma some
      inhibition of the DNA decomposition is the only observed disorder in the nucleic
      acids metabolism. Spin-labelled DNA preparations of tissues under study were
      obtained. The presence of structural differences between separate DNA samples has
      been demonstrated.

PMID- 173085
TI  - [Functional state of the adrenal cortex in patients with cancer of the rectum].
AB  - The level of 17-ketosteroids and 17-ketogenic steroids in the diurnal urine was
      determined in 70 patients with rectal cancer prior to and after ACTH
      administration. In most patients the initial excretion of the steroids under
      study was found to be decreased. 17-ketosteroids excretion is reduced more
      frequently in patients over 50 years of age and in females. In a predominant
      number of patients functional reserves of the adrenal cortex are decreased.

PMID- 173086
TI  - [Isoenzymes in cancer].

PMID- 173087
TI  - [Serologic diagnosis of brain tumors using Clostridium butyrium spores
      (experimental and clinical studies)].
AB  - Spores of the Clostridium butyrium M 55 strain, introuduced intravenously,
      proliferate selectivity in tumours of individual with newgrowths forming bacilli
      and then multiply evoking the appearance of antibacillary antibodies. In persons
      with no tumours there emerge only antispore antibodies. Since the spores and
      bacilli of this strain have antigens of a different nature their antibodies are
      encountered separately. The finding of antibacillary antibodies following
      injection of spores thus serves as an indirect proof for the presence of a
      malignant tumour. In experiments on animals (rats) with neurogenic tumours
      induced with ethylnitosole urea and also in patients with brain tumours this
      phenomenon has been studied in detail.

PMID- 173089
TI  - [Level of nicotinic acid and NAD in the organs of rats during complete
      starvation].
AB  - In the liver, heart, brain and pancreas of control rats and of test animals
      fasting for 2, 4, 7 and 11 days the content of nicotinic acid in the organs was
      determined by the microbiological method and that of NAD- biochemically. After 2,
      7 and 11 days of fasting a statistically significant increase in the level of
      nicotinic acid per 1 g of tissue was ascertained in all the organs. After 4 days
      of fasting an increase in the vitamin content proved insignificant. With the
      calculation covering the entire organ the fall of the PP level in the liver
      proceeded uniformly and after the 11th day of fasting it amounted to 46 per cent,
      whereas in the heart the decline was insignificant, the content of the vitamin in
      the brain, however, rose by 21 per cent. The NAD level in the organs, calculated
      to 1 g of the tissue, changed but little and with the estimates covering the
      whole of the organ there could be noted its substantial drop in the liver,
      especially after 11 days of fasting (by as much as 62 per cent), and to a lesser
      degree--in the heart and pancreas and rise in the brain (by 13 per cent).

PMID- 173090
TI  - [Activity of cytochrome oxidase in neutrophils in pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 173088
TI  - [Diabetogenic and atherogenic effects of glucose].
AB  - Tests were set up on 59 albino male-rats with reproduced functional overstress
      and depletion of the insular system of the pancreas thorough a long-term (for 50,
      100 days) peroral introduction of glucose (2 g/100 g body weight, every other
      day) and with and alloxan-induced diabetes (achieved by poisoning the animals
      with a 2.5% alloxan solution, 15 mg/100 g administered in a single dose
      intraperitoneally). A comparison of the data obtained ascertained the presence of
      a number of similar pathobiochemical changes in the metabolism, viz.
      hyperglycemia, an increase of the free cholesterol fraction, a diminution of the
      bound cholesterol fraction and a fall of the insulin-like activity (ILA) in the
      blood serum, a rise in glycogen and beta-lipoproteids in the liver;
      morphologically--a reduced count of Langerhan's islands beta-cells, less
      intensive colouration of the specific granulation in their cytoplasma
      manifestations of vacuolar and granular dystrophy of the liver. Further tests
      were staged on 23 rabbits involving a long-term introduction of glucose (in
      amounts of 25 g/kg every other day) and a cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis (by
      administering 0.2 g/kg of cholesterol in oil, daily), which also showed similar
      changes in the figures of the carbohydrate and fat-lipoids metabolism, such as
      hyperglycemia, an increased level of total lipids, cholesterol and its fractions,
      beta-lipoproteids, a fall of ILA in the blood serum, as well as variations in the
      morphological picture of the aortic wall. The above findings suggest that a
      protracted administration of glucose can produce both diabetogenic and
      atherogenic effects.

PMID- 173091
TI  - Medical staff conference: pancreatic diarrheal syndromes.

PMID- 173092
TI  - Pancreatic cholera.

PMID- 173093
TI  - Herpes type 2 meningitis following herpes progenitalis.

PMID- 173094
TI  - Schizophrenia: a multinational study. Introduction.

PMID- 173095
TI  - Benign hepatoma and oral contraceptives.

PMID- 173096
TI  - [Niehans' cell-therapy in allergic diseases].

PMID- 173097
TI  - [The herpes viruses].

PMID- 173098
TI  - [Sleep-EEG in cerebral-attack diseases].

PMID- 173099
TI  - [Physiopathological effects of cadmium on the human organism].

PMID- 173100
TI  - [Immunology of the placenta].

PMID- 173101
TI  - [The intestinal parasite fauna in patients, returned from the tropics, from the
      Dresden district].
AB  - It is reported on the affection with intestinal parasites in 438 persons who
      returned from the tropics. In these test persons were also established only those
      species of parasites which were proved in the Dresden inhabitants. However, there
      were remarkable quantitative differences between the affection of the persons
      returning from the tropics and the Dresden inhabitants. Thus by laboratory
      examinations in Dresden in the persons returning from the tropics were
      established infections with Entamoeba histolytica (7.0%), with Dientamoeba
      fragilis (17.9%), with Lamblia intestinalis (9.0%) as well as with Trichuris
      trichiura (3.4%), where as the extensity of affection with the corresponding
      parasites is for the Dresden inhabitants 1.9%, 4.7%, 5.0%, and 1.6%. It is
      referred to the fact that all persons who returned from the tropics should
      parasitologically be examined for an infection with Entamoeba histolytica.

PMID- 173102
TI  - [Further experiences with the use of black light in dermatoses].

PMID- 173104
TI  - [Comparative studies of simultaneous intraoperative frozen sections and imprint
      cytology of the mamma (author's transl)].
AB  - 250 tissue biopsies of the mamma were examined simultaneously by intraoperative
      histology (frozen sections) and imprint cytology. In 95% of the cases there was a
      good agreement between the histologic and cytologic diagnoses. The reliability of
      the imprint cytology was tested in some complicated cases such as proliferating
      fibroadenomas, sclerosing adenosis and carcinomas and the significance of the
      imprint cytology for the diagnosis of difficult cases was pointed out in detail.
      The results have demonstrated, that such a cytologic examination can not be a
      substitute for intraoperative frozen sections - but the simultaneous cytologic
      examination of unfixed mamma biopsies can be a good searching method and can be
      helpful in the intraoperative diagnostic.

PMID- 173103
TI  - Microfilaments in human epithelial cancer cells.
AB  - The occurence, distribution, and ultrastructural morphology of microfilaments in
      malignant epithelial cells of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of human oral
      cavity were studied by electron microscopy. The findings are compared with those
      in malignant oral epithelial cells of carcinoma-in-situ. In the malignant cells
      of invasive carcinoma, microfilaments 50-70 A in diameter are prominent in the
      cortical cytoplasm of the lateral and basal cell surfaces, adjacent and parallel
      to the plasma membrane, and extending into cell processes and microvillous
      extensions. Additional microfilaments are found to run from the peripheral
      cytoplasm to the perinuclear region. The microfilaments are aggregated into
      bundles aligned parallel to the long axis of the cell and display foci of
      increased electron density. They also tend to be aggregated into complex
      polygonal arrays. These microfilaments are similar in organization, concentration
      and ultrastructural architecture to those of various other nonmuscle cells, where
      they are thought to be capable of contraction and associated with cell motility.
      The presence of a microfilament system believed to be associated with contractile
      and motile cell processes may be an important characteristic of malignant cells
      of invasive tumors. The lack of abundant organized microfilaments in malignant
      cells in the absence of tumor invasion, and the presence of a prominent
      microfilament system in cells of invasive tumors, suggest that the microfilaments
      are related to the invasive properties of malignant tumor cells.

PMID- 173106
TI  - Spermatogenesis in free living mite, Pergamasus viator Halas (Parasitidae,
      Mesostigmata). I. Fine structure of spermatozoa.
AB  - The spermatozoa of Pergamasus viator Halas. from Parasitidae family (Acarina,
      Mesostigmata) were studied in light and electron microscopy. The spermatozoa are
      motionless (in vitro) rod-shaped cells 110 mum long, in which six morphologically
      different zones can be distinguished: acrosomal zone, mitochondrial zone, zone of
      granular bodies, zone of striated bodies, nuclear zone and retronuclear zone. The
      acrosomal zone filled with the granular subacrosomal material contains at the top
      the acrosomal vesicle. Plasmalemma forms 19--21 folds running longitudinally
      along the spermatozoon. Within each fold there is a flattened canaliculus, and
      under each fold is found a stoff band. Between the stiff bands flattened
      cisternae are observed. Apart from the above structures the spermatozoon
      contains: the nucleus, striated bodies, granular bodies and mitochondria. The
      flagella-like structures or centrioles were not found. A possible origin and role
      of the structures decribed in spermatozoa of P. viator are discussed.

PMID- 173107
TI  - Glomus jugulare tumor.

PMID- 173105
TI  - [Nucleotide alterations of 18 S and 28 S ribosomal RNA from rat liver during
      carcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosomorpholine (author's transl)].
AB  - After administration of N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) to female Wistar-rats the
      ribosomal RNA (18 S and 28S rRNA) of the livers contained "abnormal"
      dinucleotides which were resistant against treatment with alkali or with spleen
      phosphodiesterase. These and further observations are discussed in view of the
      hypothesis that during the induction of liver tumors a metabolite of NNM causes
      crosslinks of nucleic acid bases. The application of this hypothesis on the
      effects of NNM upon DNA permits to explain the additional results that have been
      obtained. Observations on NNM metabolism as reported in the literature are not
      inconsistent with this interpretation.

PMID- 173108
TI  - [Disorders in conditioned reflex activity and morphologic changes in the brains
      of rats deprived of paradoxical sleep].
AB  - Reproduction of defensive conditioned reflexes elaborated before a 96-hour
      deprivation of paradoxal sleep (DPS) in rats was sharply disturbed immediately
      after DPS, but became normal 24 hours later. Elaboration of conditioned reflexes
      immediately after DPS is followed by a disturbance of their reproduction, while
      such elaboration 24 hours after DPS does not affect their subsequent
      reproduction. It is assumed that dissociated learning plays an important part in
      the origin of the disclosed disturbances of conditioned activity. Morphological
      investigation of the animals' brain immediately after DPS revealed activation of
      neuroglia with productive-dystrophic changes of astrocytes, an increase in the
      sizes of nuclei of neurones in the motor cortex and hippocampus, and pronounced
      vascular changes. A day after DPS the changes of the astrocyte glia and the
      vessels are less pronounced, and the sizes of neurone nuclei in the motor cortex
      diminish.

PMID- 173109
TI  - Adenyl cyclase activity in lymphocytes stimulated with immunologically specific
      and nonspecific stimuli.
AB  - Adenyl cyclase activity was determined in suspensions of rat lymphocytes from
      animals with postadjuvant polyarthritis and from healthy animals. Adrenaline was
      used as activator of the enzyme. Adenyl cyclase activity was determined by the
      method based on synthesis of 3H-cAMP from 3H-ATP in intact cells. The influence
      of imidazole on blastic transformation of lymphocytes sensitized in the process
      of postadjuvant polyarthritis and subjected to the action of antigen, i.e. Old
      Tuberculin, was also studied. The response of sensitized lymphocytes to antigen
      in the presence of a nonspecific stimulus, adrenaline, was also investigated. In
      addition, the action of adrenaline on incorporation of 3H-thymidine in cultures
      of nonsensitized lymphocytes was observed. Adenyl cyclase activity in suspensions
      of lymphocytes from animals with postadjuvant polyarthritis was higher than in
      suspensions of lymphocytes from healthy animals. Following administration of
      adrenaline as activator of the enzyme, lymphocytes from healthy animals showed
      higher activity of the enzyme than lymphocytes from the sick rats. Imidazole
      inhibited the response of lymphocytes sensitized to antigen. Adrenaline had no
      influence on blastic transformation of lymphocytes sensitized to antigen.
      Adrenaline slightly inhibited incorporation of H-thymidine in cultures of
      sensitized lymphocytes in absence of antigen in cultures of nonsensitized
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 173110
TI  - [Total acid phosphatase and prostate phosphatase in urological diagnosis].

PMID- 173111
TI  - Bacterial food-poisoning.

PMID- 173112
TI  - [Duration of possible detection of cysts of Entamoeba histolytica in stool
      samples (author's transl)].
AB  - Stool samples containing large numbers of cysts of Entamoeba histolytica were
      stored at room temperature (+22 degrees C - +25 degrees C) and at +4 degrees C
      respectively. After 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 20 h, 36 h, 5 d, 7 d, 10 d, 15 d, 20 d, and
      30 d smears were performed and stained according to the method of HEIDENHAIN. In
      both groups cysts remained easily detectable for about one week; after that time,
      however, distinct changes of the morphology of the cysts occurred and the number
      of detectable individuals decreased rapidly. After 30 days storage of the stool
      cysts could be recognized only exceptionally and only in samples stored at 4
      degrees C. At that time the microscopic picture of the smears had undergone heavy
      changes; yeasts predominated over bacteria. In addition it was shown, that
      freezing of stoll samples (at - 20 degrees C and -80 degrees C) destroyed
      practically all cysts.

PMID- 173113
TI  - Phenotypic chain formation in Clostridium welchii by suramin.
AB  - Cl. welchii NCTC 6785 was grown in 1% glucose containing medium having 1% Suramin
      w/v. The cells grew into long chains of thirty units. This effect was not found
      beyond 0.5% concentration. On transfer into Suramin free medium the chains
      reverted to normal morphology indicating the change in morphology to be
      phenotypic.

PMID- 173114
TI  - Thymus and bursa of Fabricius responses in chickens with non-tumoral forms of
      Rous sarcoma virus infections.

PMID- 173115
TI  - [Further studies on the occurrence of antibodies against C-type virus specific
      antigen in sera of cattle from leukosis infected, suspicious, and non-suspicious
      herds].

PMID- 173116
TI  - [Seroepizootological studies on the significance of para-influenza 2 infections
      in kennel cough in Germany].

PMID- 173117
TI  - [Experiments upon the cultivation of an agent of bovine leukosis in bovine
      leukocyte cultures. 3. Leukosis transmission to calves with cell-free culture
      medium].

PMID- 173118
TI  - [Experimental transmission of lymphatic leucosis of sheep].

PMID- 173120
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the toxic properties of the whooping cough
      microbes].
AB  - The author presents materials concerning the study of the toxic properties of 12
      pertussis cultures used in the USSR for the production of vaccines. As a result
      of studying the toxic properties of the microbes in the test of the change of the
      weight of mice, and in experiments of testing the anaphylactogenic and histamine
      sensitizing activities it was revealed that the strains of pertussis microbes
      differed by the quantitative content in them of the thermolabile toxin,
      endotoxin, lymphocytosis-stimulating and histamine-sensitizing factors;
      therefore, the period of keeping the pertussis suspensions for 1.5 months from
      the moment of detoxication proved to be inadequate for some of the strains. Since
      the toxic properties of the strains failed to correlate with their protective
      activity, in recommendation of pertussis strains for the production of pertussis
      vaccine preference should be given to the strains with lesser toxic properties.

PMID- 173119
TI  - [Study of the interrelationship between the content of immunizing units and the
      immunogenicity of C1. perfringens anatoxins].
AB  - Comparative experiments were conducted on rabbits and guinea pigs; a study was
      made of the immunological efficacy of the toxoids with a different content of the
      immunizing units (IU/ml). There was revealed a regular quantitative
      interrelationship between the content of the IU/ml in the toxoids, the level of
      the antitoxin formation and the extent of protection against the experimental gas
      gangrene in the immunized animals.

PMID- 173121
TI  - [Effect of a chronic iodine deficit in the ration on the development of the
      infectious process].
AB  - It was revealed that the infectious process in albino rats kept for 4-5 months on
      an iodine-deficiency diet was characterised by a tendency to dissemination. The
      seeding efficiency from the parenchymatous organs increased in such animals
      significantly, whereas the bactericidal properties of the plasma and the
      phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils decreased; this was apparently
      associated with depression of the intracellular metabolism reflected in reduction
      of the cytochromoxidase and peroxidase in the neutrophils.

PMID- 173122
TI  - [Modelling of biological encoding mechanisms as a system with distributed
      parameters].
AB  - The encoder region in receptors and neurons is represented by the inhomogeneous
      origin of the axon. The axon diameter and the excitability are in fact space
      dependent. For the analysis the soma is described by a system with concentrated
      parameters followed by an inhomogeneous axon. The membrane properties are
      approximated by the slightly modified Hodgkin-Huxley equations. The assumption
      that the space-dependence of the excitability originates in variations of the
      conductance value for sodium ions accounts for a number of experimental results.
      The influence of other membrane parameters upon the mechanism of impulse
      generation and transmission has also been analysed.

PMID- 173123
TI  - LP-X in cholestasis.
AB  - Extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary obstruction of different etiology were
      studied in 62 patients, who were investigated for the presence of lipoprotein X
      (Lp-X). It was found present in 19 of 20 cholestasis by lithiasis, in all three
      primary biliary cirrhosis patients, in 2 of 4 cirrhosis, in 5 of 13 hepatitis, in
      all three benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis and in 1 of 2 recurrent
      juandice of pregnancy. It was found in a Dubin Johnson. Lp-X disappeared in 4
      patients within two weeks after relief of the obstruction. It was found in
      patients with cholestatic hepatitis during the first week of jaundice. It was
      found in the first 48 hours in three patients with cholestasis by lithiasis. Lp-X
      does not help in differential diagnosis between extrahepatic and intrahepatic
      biliary obstruction, but the time of its appearance could contribute to it in
      some cases. A word of caution is raised in indicating surgery in a cholestatic
      patient without the presence of Lp-X.

PMID- 173124
TI  - Immune responses to treatment with natural and synthetic ACTH in bronchial
      asthma.
AB  - Two comparable groups of asthmatics each with 10 patients were treated during 2
      years at scheduled intervals with either natural or synthetic ACTH up to a total
      dose of 2000-95-- IU. All patients had previously been given the natural but
      never the synthetic hormone. Intradermal tests with natural and synthetic ACTH
      were performed before treatment and after 1, 12 and 24 months. Serum samples were
      also taken on these occasions and analysed for antibodies against ACTH,
      vasopressin and porcine gamma-globulin. No sign of clinical allergy to ACTH was
      noted in any of the patients during the 2-year period. The incidence of
      intradermal reactions against natural ACTH was high at the onset of treatment but
      was not increased by treatment with either synthetic or natural ACTH, while the
      reactivity rate against synthetic ACTH was increased after both types of
      treatment. The incidence of IgE reactions against synthetic ACTH at the 20 U/ml
      level was significantly increased after 12 months' treatment with either natural
      or synthetic hormone. A high incidence of low-titered agglutinating antibodies
      against natural or synthetic ACTH was demonstrated before treatment in both the
      groups, but no significant change in incidence or mean titre against natural or
      synthetic ACTH or porcine gamma-globulin was noted during treatment with the
      natural or the synthetic preparation. A few patients, however, did display an
      increased agglutinating titre against ACTH after 12 months' treatment. Rather
      unexpectedly, most sera reacting with ACTH were found to react also with
      vasopressin and a significant increase of the incidence of these reactions and of
      the titres occurred during the treatment with synthetic as well as with natural
      ACTH. Two cases have been examined in detail, one because of a fulminant shock
      after synthetic ACTH and the other because of very high antibody titres without
      clinical symptoms of ACTH allergy.

PMID- 173125
TI  - A case of multiple sclerosis associated with defective neuromuscular
      transmission.
AB  - A 38-year-old woman developed relapsing disseminated sclerosis associated with
      myasthenic syndrome. The cerebrospinal fluid showed 12 lymphocytes per 1 mul and
      paretic colloidal curve. The serum contained antibody against smooth muscle
      antigen (titre 1 : 10) but no antibody against nuclear antigen or VDRL antigen.
      Repetitive stimulation of the right ulnar nerve at 35 c/sec. demonstrated typical
      decrements between 70 and 72%. The prostigmine test showed significant
      diminishing of decrements. The possible immunopathological mechanism of
      myasthenic syndrome in multiple sclerosis was briefly discussed.

PMID- 173126
TI  - Pathology of the human spinal ganglia in varicella-zoster virus infection.
AB  - Spinal ganglia from a patient who died on the 6th day of varicella infection were
      examined by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, and were compared with
      spinal ganglia from a patient dying on the 17th day of herpes zoster infection.
      In herpes zoster, typical intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in neurons,
      satellite cells and fibroblast-like cells of the ganglia, which contained
      numerous naked virus particles. In varicella, few changes were found by light
      microscopy but viral antigen was detected in a few neurons and satellite cells by
      immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy revealed scattered virus particles near
      the nuclear membrane of a neuron, satellite cells and capsular cells and
      enveloped particles in the cytoplasm of satellite cells. The particles in the
      nuclei were mostly naked virions with specific crescent-like inner-nuclear
      structure; those in the cytoplasm had complete and incomplete envelopes and
      showed pleomorphism. A "virus-like" intranuclear filament found in mononuclear
      cells in herpes zoster and a "plexiform vermicellar array" found in the nuclei of
      neurons in varicella are at present considered to be non-specific nuclear changes
      caused probably by viral infections.

PMID- 173127
TI  - Rod-shaped filamentous inclusions and other ultrastructural features in a
      cerebellar astrocytoma.
AB  - A biopsy specimen of a cerebellar astrocytoma from a 14-year-old girl was studied
      by light and electron microscopy. Histologically the tumor showed a mixture of
      loose and compact areas with numerous Rosenthal fibers. By electron microscopy
      most tumor cells contained, besides the usual organelles, large amounts of 70 to
      100 A thick filaments. Classical Rosenthal fibers were also identified. In
      addition many cell bodies and processes were sprinkled with fragments of
      Rosenthal fiber material. Ordered filamentous arrays (so-called Hirano bodies)
      were seen in a number of tumor astrocytes. They are considered to be a
      nonspecific arrangement of filament units largely devoid of cytopathologic
      significance. Other ultrastructural features of some tumor cells were inchoate
      forms of the granulated bodies of conventional histology, paired cisternal
      elements of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and honeycomb-like profiles of
      transversely cut cylindrical units of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Microtubular
      bodies were numerous in the endothelial cells of the tumor vessels.

PMID- 173128
TI  - Double encephalitis with herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus in an adult.
AB  - A 51-year-old housewife developed symptoms of a cold followed by high fever,
      delirium, coma, rigidity of extremity muscles, positive Babinski sign and
      generalized convulsions, while complement-fixing antibody titre to herpes simplex
      virus in the sera raised over 128 X and declined to 8 X in the course. She
      finally expired of bronchopneumonia following status epilepticus after 94 days of
      illness. Severe necrosis with extensive hemorrhage in the white matter was
      predominant in the temporal, insular and orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus and
      globus pallidus. Focal rarefaction of the cerebral cortex with a very few
      eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in the oligodendroglia and nerve cells,
      nerve cell destruction in the substantia nigra with glial nodules and
      perivascular inflammatory cell cuffs were observed. Abundant cytomegalic
      inclusion cells, originating from hypertrophic astrocytes, were present in the
      necrotic areas of cerebrum as well as in the rarefied tissue in the subependymal
      layers of the brainstem and cerebellum. Electron-microscopic study of the
      cytomegalic cells demonstrated the presence of numerous virions in both nucleus
      and cytoplasm. Fortuitour infection of the brain by cytomegalovirus with
      necrotizing encephalitis by herpes simplex virus is unique. The cause of double
      viral infections and severe lesions by less virulent strains is discussed.

PMID- 173129
TI  - Electron microscopic investigation of inclusion material in a case of adult
      metachromatic leukodystrophy; observations on kidney biopsy, peripheral nerve and
      cerebral white matter.
AB  - The fine structural characteristics of storage products in peripheral nerve,
      kidney and cerebral white matter, from a case of adult metachromatic
      leukodystrophy are described. There were pronounced differences from the fine
      structural aspects in late infantile cases. A large proportion of the inclusions
      did not exhibit a unit membrane. An hypothesis is proposed to clarify the delayed
      manifestation of this type of metachromatic leukodystrophy until childhood.

PMID- 173130
TI  - Quantitative analysis of radioisotopic angiography in trophoblastic neoplasia.
AB  - The diagnostic significance of radioisotopic angiography in the clinical
      management of trophoblastic neoplasia was studied by analyzing the patterns of
      radioisotope (RI)-dynamic curve obtained by processing sequential image with a
      computer, and an attempt was made to express numerically the size of tumors
      present in vivo. It was demonstrated that the total activities of RI in the
      abnormal phase of RI-dynamic curves in trophoblastic neoplasia were closely
      correlated with the sizes of the intrauterine tumors actually resected.

PMID- 173131
TI  - Antibodies to herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 among women with neoplastic
      change of uterine cervix.
AB  - The occurrence of antibodies to herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 was studied in
      Finland among patients with a neoplastic change of the uterine cervix. The
      following groups were studied: 220 patients with malignant or premalignant
      lesions of the uterine cervix, 143 control patients matched for age,
      socioeconomic level, marital status, home district and number of deliveries and
      82 patients with breast or stomach cancer. Antibodies to HVH types 1 and 2 were
      determined using the neutralization test. Sera showing an index of less than or
      equal to 100 were accepted as positive to type 1 and those of greater than or
      equal to 85 as positive to type 2. Among patients with a neoplastic change of the
      uterine cervix the frequency of type 1 antibodies varied between 70% and 79%. In
      the control group the frequency was 84% and among patients with some other
      malignancy 91%. These differences in the frequencies of type 1 antibody were not
      statistically significant. Type 2 antibodies were present in 35 to 47% among
      dysplasia and malignancy of the cervix. In the control group it was 18% and in
      other malignancies 20%. The differences between these groups and the controls
      were almost significant, significant and highly significant, respectively.
      Differences could also be observed in the distribution of neutralization indexes.
      The average index calculated from all sera was 48 both in the control group and
      in the group of other malignancies, while in sera of patients with dysplasia,
      carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma the respective vlaues were 70, 66 and
      79. The results are discussed in terms of the role of herpesvirus hominis type 2
      in the development of cervical cancer.

PMID- 173133
TI  - Cochlear innervation in the guinea pig. II. The spiral tunnel bundle.
AB  - The organization of nerve fibers in the spiral tunnel bundle (STB) of the guinea
      pig organ of Corti has been studied by light and electron microscopy. In the
      basal turn STB fibers were found to run toward the base or apex in about equal
      numbers while in the upper turns they ran predominantly in an apical direction.
      Long spiral fascicles of 100 microns or more in length were abundant in the third
      and fourth turns, but were rarely seen in the lower turns. No synaptic contacts
      between tunnel bundle fibers could be found and no afferent nerve fibers were
      seen in the bundle. Furthermore, interruption of the efferent nerve supply
      resulted in complete degeneration of the STB. The tunnel bundle does not,
      therefore, appear to be a site of synaptic interaction between afferent and
      efferent neutral elements.

PMID- 173132
TI  - Inhibitory processes in the medial geniculate body.
AB  - Inhibition in the medial geniculate body was studied with a double click
      technique. A conditioning click caused a marked inhibition of field potentials
      and unit discharges to a subsequent test click. Cyclic inhibition with a period
      of about 150 ms was seen in the medial geniculate body and the auditory cortex,
      but not in the inferior colliculus. The postsynaptic excitability was tested by
      recording from the killed ends of the thalamocortical fibres. A preceding click
      reduced the direct response to a test stimulus delivered to the medial geniculate
      body indicating the presence of postsynaptic inhibition. The excitability of the
      fibres from the inferior colliculus terminating in the medial geniculate body was
      tested with a modified Wall (1958) method. The results suggest the presence of a
      presynaptic inhibitory mechanism in the medial geniculate body. The techniques
      employed do not allow an estimation of the relative contribution of the two
      inhibitory mechanisms to the inhibition at the medial geniculate level.

PMID- 173134
TI  - Congenital stapes fixation, symphalangism and syndactylia.
AB  - An autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome is described consisting of congenital
      deafness, characteristic finger and toe deformities, with absence of the proximal
      interphalangeal joint together with syndactylia. The syndrome has been observed
      in 5 members of a Danish family, and the study confirms the autosomal dominant
      trait.

PMID- 173135
TI  - Effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists of nucleus vestibularis lateralis
      unit discharge to vestibular nerve stimulation in the cat.
AB  - Unit discharge in nucleus vestibularis (NVL) was studied in locally anesthetized
      cats. The mean firing rate +/-S.E. of spontaneous unitary discharges of NVL
      neurons was 19.8+/-0.9 Hz and that of spinal-transected animals was 18.0+/-1.6
      Hz. The mean firing rate of these neurons in animals with cerebellum ablation and
      the administration of scopolamine in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg i.v. was relatively low.
      After administration of physostigmine in a dose of 25 mug/kg i.v. the firing rate
      was enhanced. The effects of physostigmine were antagonized by scopolamine. About
      95% of NVL neurons activated by single electrical shocks to the ipsilateral
      vestibular nerve showed regular firing following administration of physostigmine.
      These neurons changed to a gamma distribution at lambda=2 following
      administration of scopolamine.

PMID- 173136
TI  - Histopathological studies on the tumourlet of the lung with special reference to
      the cytogenesis of proliferating cells.
AB  - Eight foci of tumourlets of the lung and one allied lesion obtained from autopsy
      cases were histologically examined. The tumourlet of the lung consisted of
      epithelial cells and was considered to be a benign lesion. Small sized-lesion,
      uniformity of proliferating cells with very few mitosis and existence of
      associated lung lesions were documented as characteristic findings. However, the
      histopathogenesis of the tumourlet was not fully clarified. It was found that
      proliferating cells of tumourlets often show argyrophilia and contain numerous
      neurosecretory-like granules in their cytoplasm. These characteristics are very
      similar to Kultschitzky-like cells of the lung.

PMID- 173137
TI  - Histopathological studies on experimentally induced pulmonary adenomatosis in
      guinea-pig lungs.
AB  - The main purpose of our experimental series was to induce, in experimental
      animals, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis resembling that in human lungs. In the lungs
      of guinea-pigs injected with a soluble immune complex and continuously exposed to
      a 40-60 per cent oxygen-rich atmosphere, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis occurred in
      many cases in the course of 2 to 3 months after the injection. After the 100th
      experimental day, multiple foci of pulmonary adenomatosis occurred. The
      morphology was similar to that of Jaagsiekte. Electron microscopic observations
      revealed that these hyperplastic cells originated from type II pneumoncytes.

PMID- 173138
TI  - Tumor of glomus jugulare report of a case.
AB  - A typical case of glomus jugulare tumor was presented. This 42-year-old man
      suffering from a left-sided impaired hearing progressive over a five year period
      was found to have a small hemorrhagic polypoid tumor in the left external
      auditory canal. After repeated surgical treatments the tumor removed was light
      and electron microscopically diagnosed as glomus jugulare tumor which
      corresponded to the 13th case in this country. The implication that this tumor
      may constitute a distinctive group of tumor among the neuroendocrine tumors from
      other sites was discussed from the facts of the presence of a large number of
      rather small argyrophilic granules of secretory type in the cytoplasm of tumor
      cells including the present case and of the appearance of increasing cases with
      functioning glomus jugulare tumor secreting catecholamine in the recent medical
      literature.

PMID- 173140
TI  - [Production of polymyxin E by Bacillus polymyxa. I. Formation of polymyxin E
      under laboratory conditions].

PMID- 173139
TI  - The effect of acute exercise on plasma corticosterone in the ovariectomized rat.
AB  - Levels of plasma corticosterone were determined by a fluorometric method in
      female rats, subjected to acute treadmill exercise. It was found that physical
      exercise causes a twofold rise in the plasma corticosterone concentration. This
      increase was slightly lower in the ovariectomized animals. Duration of the effort
      until exhaustion varied with age und hormonal status of the animals.

PMID- 173141
TI  - High-energy protons in the postoperative treatment of malignant glioma.
AB  - Fractionated irradiation with high-energy protons was given postoperatively to
      seven patients with malignant glioma. In four cases in which detailed microscopic
      examinations were performed, radiation induced tumour necrosis was evident but in
      all four cases viable tumour cells were also observed. No abnormalities that
      could be attributed to radiation were observed in brain tissue free from tumour.
      The therapeutic results were comparable to the results achieved by other modern
      therapies. The results support the view that the RBE of high-energy protons is
      similar to that for 60Co radiation. It is suggested that a larger radiation dose,
      delivered by a homogeneous, well-defined proton field could possibly result in an
      improved therapeutic result without undue risk of injury to normal brain tissue.

PMID- 173142
TI  - Ultrastructure of human sella tumors. Correlations of clinical findings and
      morphology.

PMID- 173143
TI  - Hormone mediated integration of seedling physiology.

PMID- 173144
TI  - The interaction of apolipoprotein-alanine (apoC-III) with lipids: study of
      structural features required for binding.

PMID- 173145
TI  - Hormone-induced lipolysis and the metabolic pathways providing energy to the
      cell: a possible role of ATP as a rate-limiting factor.

PMID- 173147
TI  - Pathogenesis of hyperlipidemias, clues to treatment?

PMID- 173146
TI  - Experimental and clinical evaluation of two "Atromid-S" analogues in relation to
      their  differential modes of action.

PMID- 173148
TI  - Serum lipoprotein composition in different types of hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Fasting serum lipoproteins (LP) were separated into VLDL, LDL and HDL by
      ultracentrifugation and the content of cholesterol and triglycerides analyzed in
      each LP class in 69 consecutive men attending a lipid clinic. The effect of using
      different cut off points in the definition of HLP was discussed. It was pointed
      out that by using lower values for the cut off points there is only an increase
      in the number of subjects with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) but also shifts in the
      proportions between the various types of HLP, particularly with increase in the
      amount of types IIB and IV. In addition to the LP abnormalities inherent in the
      definition of each type of HLP other LP abnormalities were observed. Thus type
      IIA HLP had cholesterol rich VLDL with an increased ratio
      cholesterol/triglycerides. The types of HLP with increased VLDL triglycerides had
      characteristic changes in both LDL and HDL. For LDL its triglyceride content was
      increased and HDL showed a lowering of its cholesterol content and a rise in
      triglycerides. These changes were more pronounced the higher the VLDL
      triglyceride concentration was. Both normo- and hyperlipoproteinemic subjects
      having the second pre-beta LP on agarose gel electrophoresis of the VLDL fraction
      called LPB (Late Pre Beta) had two characteristic LP features. VLDL had an
      increased cholesterol/triglyceride ratio. LDL had a raised triglyceride content.
      The relation of LPB to so called intermediary particles was discussed. When the
      SPB (Sinking Pre Beta) LP variant was present this had negligible effects on the
      LP composition. Type IIA was present in 14 percent of the 609 men. None had
      tendinous xanthomata. The LP pattern of this common type IIA was compared to the
      LP pattern of the uncommon type IIA where tendinous xanthomata are present,
      called IIA-X. Type IIA-X had much higher LDL cholesterol and in relation to the
      triglyceride content a more cholesterol rich LDL. Furthermore type IIA-X had
      lower VLDL lipids than the common type IIA, but type IIA-X was more cholesterol
      rich. The differences in clinical appearance as well as in quantitative and
      qualitative LP composition between the common type IIA and type IIA-X makes it
      important to separate these two types of HLP from each other.

PMID- 173149
TI  - The heritable hyperlipoproteinemias and atherosclerosis.
AB  - 1. The genetic hyperlipoproteinemias are common, are easily diagnosed and are
      often expressed in children or in infants. 2. Familial combined hyperlipidemia,
      hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are all associated with a markedly
      augmented atherosclerotic cardiovascular event rate. 3. The clinical importance
      of early diagnosis, family screening, and lipid sampling in high risk or free
      living populations must be emphasized. 4. Exciting progress at a biochemical
      molecular level (in tissue culture, for example) provides better understanding of
      the genetic hyperlipoproteinemias and possible avenues for its better therapy.

PMID- 173150
TI  - Somes aspects of the chimpanzee as a model for experimental atherosclerosis.

PMID- 173151
TI  - Lipoproteins and lipid transport.
AB  - Continued advances in the delineation of pathways of lipid transport in
      lipoproteins now provide substantial information on all phases of plasma
      triglyceride transport. Analysis of certain genetic human disorders, together
      with studies in experimental animals, has begun to show how lipoproteins
      transport cholesterol as esters of long chain fatty acids. Both triglycerides and
      cholesterol are esters of long chain fatty acids. Both triglycerides and
      cholesteryl esters are transported in the "core" of lipoproteins, but the polar
      lipids and the apoproteins at the aqueous interface critically determine the
      interactions with enzymes and cellular receptors that control this complex
      transport system. Differences in pathways as well as in rates of lipid transport
      appear to underlie the large interspecies variations in lipoprotein
      concentrations.

PMID- 173152
TI  - The cockerel as an animal model for atherosclerosis research.
AB  - The chicken is a good animal model for the study of atherosclerosis research
      because it is: 1. Omnivorous. 2. Small and suitable for prolonged laboratory
      investigation. 3. Able to develop spontaneous atherosclerosis. 4. Capable of
      producing atherosclerosis after cholesterol feeding with elevated
      hypercholesterolemia. A diet of 1/4% cholesterol plus 5% cottonseed oil added to
      starter-grower-mash resulted in aortic atherosclerosis with a slight but
      significant increase in plasma cholesterol. 5. Plasma levels of cholesterol and
      triglyceride are similar to those in humans. 6. Lipid composition of high and low
      density lipoproteins as well as chylomicrons resembles those of humans. 7. Has
      been noted that there is no essential difference between vascular lesions seen in
      chickens as a result of cholesterol diet and that of atherosclerosis observed in
      man.

PMID- 173153
TI  - Scope and organization of a lipid clinic and clinical trials.

PMID- 173154
TI  - Portacaval shunt in two patients with homozygous hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 173155
TI  - Pathways of lipoprotein metabolism: integration of structure, function and
      metabolism.

PMID- 173156
TI  - Steroid requirements for suppression of HMG CoA reductase activity in cultured
      human fibroblasts.

PMID- 173157
TI  - The immunology of serum lipoproteins.

PMID- 173159
TI  - Somatomedins.

PMID- 173158
TI  - Explorations of the insulinlike and growth-promoting properties of somatomedin by
      membrane receptor assays.

PMID- 173160
TI  - In vitro effects of growth hormone on cyclic AMP metabolism in the isolated rat
      diaphragm.

PMID- 173162
TI  - Cyclic AMP and the malignant transformation of cells.

PMID- 173161
TI  - Fibroblast growth factor: its localization, purification, mode of action, and
      physiological significance.

PMID- 173163
TI  - The measurement of somatomedin A by radioreceptor assay.

PMID- 173164
TI  - Regulation of cellular growth.

PMID- 173165
TI  - [Effects of chlorfenvinphos, an organophosphate, on ERG and afferent transmission
      in the central visual pathway (author's transl)].

PMID- 173166
TI  - [Study of Herpes zoster keratitis; demonstration of virus particles in corneal
      scrapings (author's transl)].

PMID- 173167
TI  - [Report on a case of chondrosarcoma as a complication of Paget's disease].

PMID- 173168
TI  - How good is thermography in breast cancer screening?
AB  - With the present level of experience and with current equipment, thermography
      does not seem sufficiently reliable to substitute for either clinical examination
      or mammography in breast cancer detection. It is, however, of adjunctive value
      and can be used in frequent screening and in younger individuals. Women with
      positive thermograms should be followed more closely, both clinically and
      radiographically, than the average patient.

PMID- 173169
TI  - Metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with peripheral arterial
      disease.
AB  - Twenty-eight consecutive patients of an average age of 63 years with intermittent
      claudication secondary to underlying peripheral arterial disease were studied for
      evidence of metabolic or other cardiovascular abnormalities and the results
      obtained were compared with those of 28 matched control subjects free of vascular
      disease. Patients with peripheral arterial disease had significantly higher
      levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a greater incidence of ECG
      abnormalities, lipoprotein abnormalities, elevated serum triglycerides, and serum
      copper. The incidence of smoking and abnormal glucose tolerance, while higher in
      peripheral arterial disease patients, was not statistically significant.
      Hematocrit and serum cholesterol levels were nearly indentical in both groups of
      patients. Twenty-six of the 28 patiens with peripheral arterial disease had
      either a cardiovascular or a metabolic abnormality, indicating the high incidence
      of multisystem illness in this disorder. The epidemiologic data in peripheral
      arterial disease are similar to those in coronary artery disease but some
      measurements contrast sharply, such as the apparent normal level of serum
      cholesterol in patients with peripheral arterial diseases.

PMID- 173170
TI  - Idiopathic cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle abnormality.
AB  - The skeletal muscle of three cases presenting with idiopathic congestive
      cardiomyopathy has been studied, histologically, histochemically,
      ultramicroscopically, and electromyographically. In all three there is clinical
      evidence of skeletal muscle weakness, and in all three, pathologic changes were
      found in the muscle. These changes were different in each case and varied from
      mitochondrial myopathy to spinal atrophy to vacuolar myopathy. Other reported
      cases of cardiomyopathy demonstrating skeletal muscle pathology are discussed.

PMID- 173171
TI  - On acupuncture analgesia and the mechanism of pain.
AB  - The effect on the experimental tooth pain threshold of conditioning electrical
      stimulation via needles or surface electrodes applied to the hands and cheeks was
      studied in 34 dental students. Conditioning stimulation with 2/sec. gave a slowly
      increasing pain threshold followed by a slow return to the control level in the
      post-conditioning period. In each individual the amplitude of the threshold
      increase was reproduceable. It was concluded that these effects are not due to
      motivational but to more basic neurophysiological mechanisms. The pain threshold
      was increased mainly by segmental conditioning stimulation; segmentally unrelated
      stimulation gave usually only small effects. Conditioning stimulation with
      100/sec. produced only a strict segmental short-lasting effect. Effects with
      characteristics of both 2/sec. and 100/sec. were obtained by conditioning at
      10/sec. It is suggested that the transmission of impulses from the pain afferents
      to ascending pathways is controlled at the segmental level by (a) presynaptic
      inhibition within the group of afferents giving rise to the flexion reflex of
      which the pain afferents are assumed to be a part; (b) postsynaptic inhibition
      between alternate pathway excited by flexion reflex afferents; and (c) descending
      control from supraspinal systems which may utilize similar segmental mechanisms
      as the primary afferents.

PMID- 173172
TI  - Use of immunoperoxidase on brain tissue for the rapid diagnosis of herpes
      encephalitis.
AB  - An indirect immunoperoxidase method to detect herpes simplex viral antigen in
      brain cell suspensions from patients suspected to have herpes encephalitis is
      described. The method is rapid, reliable and specific, and successfully
      identified the herpes virus infected cells in four of five culture-proven cases.
      There was one false-negative reaction, but no false-positive. The
      immunoperoxidase technic offers a number of advantages over immunofluorescence
      for routine diagnosis.

PMID- 173173
TI  - Fluorescent antibody studies of alpha-1-antitrypsin in adult human lung.
AB  - The histologic distribution of alpha-1-antitrypsin in frozen sections prepared
      from four specimens of human lung was determined by the indirect fluorescent
      antibody technic. Three of the specimens were obtained directly from surgical
      procedures and were peripheral tissue excised with tumors. The tumors were a
      mixed-cell "scar cancer" (Case 1), a bronchiolar carcinoma (Case 2), and a benign
      hemartoma (Case 3). The fourth specimen (Case 4) was obtained at autopsy
      following death by myocardial infarction. Specific fluorescence for alpha-1
      antitrypsin was observed lining the terminal airways and alveoli throughout the
      sections from Cases 1 and 4. In specimens from Cases 2 and 3, a few focal areas
      of specific fluorescence were observed. The results of this study suggest that
      alpha-1-antitrypsin may be distributed in lung in variable concentration in
      association with pulmonary surfactant.

PMID- 173174
TI  - Pathologic anatomy and classificantion of cancer of the breast.

PMID- 173175
TI  - The epidemiology of cancer of the breast.
AB  - A summary of the most relevant facts and hypotheses concerning breast cancer
      epidemiology is made. It is suggested that the statistical associations with
      suspected etiologic factors might be diluted by the heterogeneity of the disease.
      It is suggested that breast cancer is composed of several epidemiologic sub
      entities determined by such factors as familial aggregation, histology and
      hormone profile.

PMID- 173176
TI  - Cellular composition of the nipple aspirate specimen of breast fluid. II.
      Abnormal findings.
AB  - Studies of cellular findings in nipple aspirate specimens from 796 women revealed
      50 women with abnormal cells and/or microcalcifications. The clinical correlation
      of these abnormalities with breast cancer appears to be highly significant:
      abnormal cells were found in 50% of the satisfactory specimens from women who had
      breast cancer or who had had a previous mastectomy for breast cancer. Continued
      observation of the women for evidence of regression, persistence, or progression
      of the cytologic abnormalities is required to determine the significance of the
      abnormalities. Microcalcifications were present in nipple aspirates from 27% of
      the women whose mammograms were interpreted as showing calcification. The absence
      of mammographic confirmation of the cytologic findings of microcalcifications may
      be an indication for re-evaluation of the existing mammograms and repeat clinical
      and mammographic examination at more frequent intervals for early localization of
      small lesions.

PMID- 173178
TI  - Staging in the therapy of cancer of the breast.
AB  - Clinical and pathologic staging of breast cancer are discussed. A new pathologic
      staging system is presented: numerical scores are assigned, in cases of
      infiltrating ductal carcinoma of no specific subtype, for tumor size, histologic
      grade, amount of stromal infilttration, vascular invasion, axillary lymph nodal
      metastases, and sinus histiocytosis in axillary lymph nodes. Staging by this
      system correlates well with survival in cases treated by radical mastectomy. The
      essential features to be studied in pathologic specimens of breast cancer are
      also indicated.

PMID- 173177
TI  - Breast specimen radiography. Obligatory, adjuvant and investigative.
AB  - The development of mammography and that of breast specimen radiography, which
      have paralleled one another, are reviewed. The preparation of radiographs of
      breast specimens is obligatory when biopsy is performed for purely mammographic
      indications and when no palpable mass is present. Such cases are being
      encountered with increasing frequency because of the development of centers for
      breast cancer screening. Close collaboration among pathologists, radiologists and
      surgeons and precise attention to procedural detail are necessities wherever this
      situation arises. The application of specimen radiography as a routine to all
      breast specimens is regarded as an adjunct to gross examination. While useful,
      its yield of otherwise undetected occult carcinoma is low. Whether other
      advantages outweigh the cost appears to be a matter for individual decision.
      Investigative uses of breast specimen radiography have received little attention.
      Some possible applications are suggested.

PMID- 173179
TI  - Biochemical aspects of cancer of the breast. Implications in diagnosis and
      treatment.

PMID- 173181
TI  - Primary hypothyroidism. Differentiation from primary hypopituitarism.
AB  - Five patients with growth failure but few other abnormal clinical signs are
      presented. Two were shown to have primary hypopituitarism, three had primary
      hypothyroidism. All received levothyroxine sodium and grew 7.0 to 12.5 cm during
      the first year and 6.2 to 8.7 cm during the second year of treatment. Three of
      the adolescent patients developed signs of signs of puberty within six to nine
      months of initiation of levothyroxine therapy. One hypopituitary patient had
      femoral epiphysial dysgenesis, hypopglycemia, and undescended testes. One
      hypothyroid patient had been treated for diabetes mellitus for 8.5 years and may
      be the youngest patient reported with such a disease combination. We conclude
      that in a few patients with growth failure without specific clinical signs,
      diagnosis and differentiation between primary hypothyroidism and primary
      hypopituitarism can only be made by specific endocrinologic testing.

PMID- 173180
TI  - Endocrinology in cancer of the breast. Status and prospects.
AB  - Breast cancer is the result of a multistage carcinogenic process. Initiation,
      promotion, dependency and autonomy make up a sequence of experimentally
      distinguishable phases of this process. Progression--the transition from
      dependency on hormonal support to autonomy--is demonstrable clinically. High
      affinity saturatable estrogen binding by breast cancer cytosols distinguishes
      endocrine-responsive mammary neoplasms from autonomous breast cancers.
      Approximately 70% of neoplasms containing estrogen-recepor protein at a level of
      2.5 femtomoles per mg. protein or higher regress after endocrine ablation
      (ovariectomy in premenopausal women; adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy in
      postmenopausal women). Only about 5% of neoplasms lacking the receptor will
      respond to these maneuvers. Estrogen-receptor content also predicts clinically
      for estrogen and androgen responsiveness, and experimentally for prolactin
      dependency. Fifty per cent of primary breast cancers in women are receptor
      positive. Normal breast tissue and benign breast lesions characteristically lack
      receptor protein. The receptor proteins appear to be induced in neoplastic cells
      during mammary carcinogenesis in endocrinologic settings where non-cancerous
      breast cells do not contain free receptor in large amounts and fail to manifest
      endocrinologic growth stimulation. Implications of these findings for
      endocrinologic management of disseminated mammary cancer, adjuvant therapy, and
      breast cancer prevention are discussed.

PMID- 173182
TI  - Prostaglandin E in cholera toxin-induced intestinal secretion. Lack of an
      intermediary role.
AB  - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and cholera enterotoxin stimulate small-intestine mucosal
      adenylate cyclase and intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes. The
      previous suggestion that PGE may mediate cholera-toxin effects was explored in
      these studies. Closed rabbit jejunal loops were injected in vivo with cholera
      toxin and compared to similar loops in the same animal injected with buffer. Loop
      mucosal homogenates and intestinal secretions were analyzed by radioimmunoassay
      for cAMP and PGE concentrations. Cholera toxin produced significant increases in
      mucosal and intestinal fluid cAMP; however, there were no significant increases
      in PGE in the toxin-treated loops when compared to the control loops. In
      addition, there was no correlation between cAMP and PGE in the same samples.
      These studies indicate that cholera toxin stimulates intestinal cAMP anc
      secretion independent of PGE synthesis and provide evidence against a specific
      role for PGE in mediating cholera-toxin effects.

PMID- 173183
TI  - Evaluation of a measles-smallpox vaccination campaign by a sero-epidemiologic
      method.
AB  - An assessment technique has been devised whereby children from 30 randomly chosen
      sampling sites are visited within three days of measles-smallpox vaccination and
      one month later. Vaccination coverage is measured at house visits and immunologic
      status is determined by collection of early and late blood samples on filter
      papers from substratified children in priority age-groups, and by looking at
      vaccination scars. The methodology was employed in a rural area of the Ivory
      Coast during the maintenance phase of a measles-smallpox vaccination program;
      1762 children from 0--72 months old were inspected. Children in the target age
      groups, 6--24 months, had a vaccination coverage of 53.6% whereas children
      outside of the target group had a 10.5% coverage. Of 571 target age children,
      94.6% had a measles hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer of less than 1:10
      dilution at the first visit, and were presumed susceptible to measles or vaccine.
      Of 247 substratified children 6--8 months, 98.3% were susceptible to measles
      before vaccination; 84.3% of 127 vaccinated children in this age-group sero
      converted when re-tested. Of 324 children 9--24 months, 91.7% were susceptible
      before the campaign; 94.7% of 170 vaccinated children in this age-group
      converted. A positive history of prior measles or prior measles-vaccination was
      not a good indicator of measles serologic status. The smallpox vaccination major
      reaction rate was 93.2%; 91.4% of children with a recent vaccination scar sero
      converted to measles vaccine. Thus, the smallpox scar read at the second visit
      proved the best clinical marker for determining both coverage and immunologic
      effectiveness of the campaign.

PMID- 173184
TI  - Human erythrocyte galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase: a
      population survey.
AB  - Erythrocyte (RBC) galactokinase (GALK) and galactose-1-phosphate uridylyl
      transferase (GALT) activities were measured in a random sample of 1,700 (1.082
      black and 618 white) pregnant women from the Philadelphia area to estimate the
      frequency of the genes GALKG and GALTG responsible for the two biochemically
      distinct forms of galactosemia. Blacks have significantly lower mean RBC GALK
      activities than whites (P less than .0005). The distribution of individual GALK
      activities for blacks differs from a normal distribution (X227=43.0, P less than
      .03) whereas that for whites does not (X224=25.5, P approximately equal to .30).
      These results are consistent with the thesis that reduced RBC GALK activity in
      blacks is due to the Philadelphia variant (GALKP), which is common in blacks and
      rare in whites. The frequency of heterozygotes (GALKG/GALKA, GALKG/GALKP) for
      GALK galactosemia observed in this sample is 1/340 for the total, 1/347 for
      blacks, and 1/309 for whites. The existence of the GALKP variant allele has been
      considered in this determination. However, because a method for distinguishing
      the GALKP and GALKG alleles became available only in the latter part of the
      study, the frequency of the GALK G allele in the black population may be
      underestimated. The mean RBC GALT activity for blacks is higher than that for
      whites, a difference that may be due to a higher frequency of the Duarte variant
      allele GALTD in whites. Heterozygotes (GALTG/GALTA) for GALT galactosemia were
      distinguished by family studies and starch gel electrophoresis from individuals
      who have half-normal RBC GALT activity due to the GALTD allele. The GALTG/GALTA
      frequency is 1/212 for the total, 1/217 for blacks, and 1/206 for whites. Of the
      1,700 individuals surveyed three had atypically high RBC GALK activity, similar
      to that found in red blood cells of newborns.

PMID- 173187
TI  - Letter: Familial Wilms's tumor.

PMID- 173185
TI  - Galactose tolerance studies of individuals with reduced galactose pathway
      activity.
AB  - The galactose tolerance of individuals with mutant genotypes affecting the
      activities of galactokinase (GALK) and galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
      (GALT) was examined. Genotypes studied were heterozygotes for the GALK and GALT
      forms of galactosemia, the Duarte-variant GALT, and Philadelphia-variant GALK
      alleles. The measurements used were urinary concentration of galactose during
      pregnancy in adults and in infants from the newborn period through the first 5
      months of life; the rate of elimination of an intravenous infusion of galactose;
      and slit-lamp examination of the lens for evidence of cataracts. No unusual
      urinary excretions of galactose were noted in any of the age groups studied.
      Intravenous galactose tolerance tests were normal in all but two women, a mother
      and daughter heterozygous for the GALK-deficient form of galactosemia
      (GALKG/GALKA). Six other GALKG/GALKA subjects had normal tolerance studies. The
      intrafamilial consistency and interfamilial differences in the galactose
      tolerance of GALKG/GALKA individuals suggest heterogeneity of the genes
      responsible for the GALK-deficient form of galactosemia. Although subclinical
      cataracts were observed in several individuals, their significance relative to
      the mutant genotype cannot be resolved with the available data.

PMID- 173186
TI  - Evaluation of a possible sex difference in recombination for the ABO-AK linkage.
AB  - Thirty-five informative families were scored for linkage between the ABO and AK
      loci. The recombination fractions were estimated separately in females and males
      and were compared with values reported in the literature. A 1.33:1 ratio for the
      female:male recombination fraction was obtained by combining all sources, but the
      difference between the recombination fractions was not significantly different
      from zero. The present data, combined with those reported earlier, show that the
      most likely recombination fraction is about 14%.

PMID- 173188
TI  - Determination of estrogens in pregnancy urine by hemoagglutination inhibition
      reaction.
AB  - A simple and rapid hemoagglutination inhibition reaction system for the
      estimation of estrogens in pregnancy urine is described. Results obtained by this
      method showed a good correlation with those measure by a conventional
      radioimmunoassay method and Brown's colorimetric method. Ninety-seven pregnancy
      urine samples from various gestational weeks were subjected to the assay, and the
      usefulness of this method as a screening test for high-risk pregnancy is
      discussed.

PMID- 173189
TI  - The ultrastructural response of human endometrium to medroxyprogesterone acetate.
AB  - Medroxyprogesterone acetate is a steroid compound similar to progesterone in
      structure and function. Thirty women were given 150 mg. of medroxyprogesterone
      intramuscularly, and samples of the endometrium were examined by light and
      electron microscopy. The initial response of normal human endometrium was
      maturation and then inhibition. By 50 days after injection, the atrophic changes
      began to reverse, and by Day 90, after injection the tissue resembled normal
      proliferative endometrium. A previously undescribed nuclear inclusion body is
      present; however, its significance is unclear at this time. On the basis of
      ultrastructural changes, medroxyprogesterone appeared not to exert a significant
      influence on the endometrium past 90 days at this dosage.

PMID- 173190
TI  - Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy associated with an
      adenovirus type 5 infection.
AB  - A 19-year-old black man with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment
      epitheliopathy had concurrent positive viral cultures and rising antibodies to
      adenovirus type 5. This finding, considered together with earlier reports of
      viral-like syndromes accompanying the disease, supports the implication of a
      respiratory virus as a possible etiologic factor.

PMID- 173191
TI  - Editorial: Herpetic stromal disease.

PMID- 173192
TI  - Interaction of anabolic steroids with glucocorticoid receptor sites in rat muscle
      cytosol.
AB  - While glucocorticoid hormones act catabolically on skeletal muscle through their
      binding to glucocorticoid-specific receptors in the cytosol, androgens exert
      anabolic responses but no androgen-specific binding proteins could be detected in
      this responsive tissue. However, various nonradioactive androgens were effective
      in displacing labeled dexamethasone or cortisol from their respective cytoplasmic
      receptors in muscle, both in vitro and in vivo. The inhibition of glucocorticoid
      binding by androgens is competitive, and could be observed following a single or
      repeated administration of the androgens to adrenalectomized-castrated animals.
      The synthetic androgen fluoxymesterone and the hormone testosterone displayed Ki
      values of 7.5 X 10(-6) M and 1 X 10(-5) M, respectively, for the inhibition of
      [3H]dexamethasone binding in muscle cytosol. On the basis of competition
      experiments it is postulated that interaction of androgens with glucocorticoid
      receptors prevents the binding of glucocorticoids and might be responsible in
      part for the anabolic effects of pharmacologic doses of androgens in muscle.

PMID- 173193
TI  - Renal cyclic AMP accumulation and adenulate cyclase stimulation by erythropoietic
      agents.
AB  - The regional distribution of cyclic AMP in the kidney was determined following
      erythropoietic stimulation with hypoxia and cobalt. Following these stimuli,
      increases in renal cyclic AMP concentrations were restricted to the cortex. The
      basis for this localization in the case of cobalt treatment was found to reside
      in the stimulation of renal cortical adenylate cyclase activity in vitro by
      concentrations of cobalt similar to those found in vivo. The level of cobalt in
      the cortex after cobalt treatment was found to approach 500 mumol/kg of tissue,
      whereas no detectable levels of cobalt were found in the renal medulla.
      Additionally, other agents such as parathyroid hormone and lactic acid, that are
      known to lack stimulatory effects on medullary adenylate cyclase, were found to
      stimulate the cortical enzyme. This stimulation of renal cortical adenylate
      cyclase correlates with enhanced erythropoiesis as demonstrated by increased
      radiolabeled iron incorporation into erythrocytes. These results support previous
      reports which suggest that renal cortical cyclic AMP mediates erythropoietin
      production in response to erythropoietically active agents.

PMID- 173194
TI  - Alpha-Glycerol phosphatase and glycerol kinase activities in tissues of the
      silkmoth Hyalophora cecropia during the larval-pupal transformation.
AB  - Magnesium metabolism has been studied in Hyalophora cecropia during the larval
      pupal transformation (LPT) (Jungreis, A. M., Am. J. Physiol. 224: 27--30, 1973).
      Throughout this period, it accumulated in midgut (0.5 M at ecdysis), presumably
      as osmotically inactive Mg3(PO4)2. Glycerol accumulation in hemolymph was also
      first noted during this period. Since total alpha-glycerol phosphate present in
      hemolymph declined between the larval and pupal stages of development, the
      relationship between magnesium and alpha-glycerol phosphate metabolism was
      studied. Specific and total alpha-glycerol phosphatase (degradative) and glycerol
      kinase (synthetic) enzyme activities were measured in fat-body and midgut tissue
      throughout the LPT. At both feeding larval and diapause pupal stages in
      development in both tissues, total glycerol kinase activity is greater than that
      of alpha-glycerol phosphatase with degradative/synthetic activity ratios of 0.2-
      0.5. In fat body, ratios remained constant or shifted in the direction of
      synthesis during the LPT, whereas those measured in midgut tissue increased in
      the direction of degradation with a maximum ratio of 5.8 noted following
      spinning. The increase in degradative/synthetic activity ratios in midgut tissue
      is attributed to a greater rate of loss of glycerol kinase than alpha-glycerol
      phosphatase enzyme activity. Orthophosphate, presumably released from alpha
      glycerol phosphate within the cells of the pharate pupal midgut tissue, combines
      with magnesium to form osmotically inactive Mg3(PO4)2 crystals.

PMID- 173195
TI  - Corticosteroids and ACTH are not required for compensatory adrenal growth.
AB  - We have tested the hypothesis that unilateral adrenalectomy results in decreased
      glucocorticoid secretion, reflexly elevated ACTH secretion, and consequently,
      compensatory adrenal growth. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone and right adrenal
      weight were measured during the first 10 days after left adrenalectomy or sham
      adrenalectomy in young male rats. There is a decrease in plasma corticosterone
      after unilateral adrenalectomy compared to sham adrenalectomy that persists for 1
      h. ACTH is elevated only at 2 h after unilateral adrenalectomy compared to
      shamoperated rats. Treatment with dexamethasone, shown to abolish the ACTH and
      corticosterone responses to laparotomy with intestinal traction, resulted in
      significantly increased adrenal weight after unilateral adrenalectomy by 6 h (wet
      or dry weight), and at 24 h. Compensatory adrenal growth also occurs after
      unilateral adrenalectomy in hypophysectomized rats (wet or dry weight). We
      conclude the compensatory adrenal growth after unilateral adrenalectomy requires
      neither a virtual decrease in circulating corticosterone levels nor elevated ACTH
      levels, and speculate that the phenomenon is neurally mediated.

PMID- 173196
TI  - Minimal deviation hepatoma. A new entity.
AB  - The term minimal deviation hepatoma has been applied to a specific clinical,
      pathological, and angiographic entity. It is a tumor, composed of atypical cells,
      which is neither frankly malignant nor so well organized as a benigh tumor. This
      lesion occurs in females with otherwise normal livers and has a relatively benign
      course, although life threatening hemorrhage may occur. The diagnosis may be
      strongly suggested in the presence of hypervascularl or hypovascular discrete
      masses without evidence of frank malignancy, with a defect in the colloid liver
      scan and with normal liver function tests. Surgical resection when possible and
      aggressive chemotherapy may be corrective in many cases.

PMID- 173197
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Problems in interpretation.
AB  - The patient who presents with jaundice, regardless of the etiology, cannot be
      adequately examined by a gallbladder series and intravenous cholangiography.
      Clinical evaluation aided by laboratory analysis will not always differentiate
      between primary liver parenchymal disease and biliary tract obstruction.
      Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, when successfully performed, answers
      the question of whether the jaundice is due to primary liver parenchymal disease
      or due to biliary tract obstruction. The point to emphasize is that under no
      circumstances is it appropriate to presume any information if the biliary system
      is not entered and visualized successfully. The proper interpretation of the
      level of block can fall prey to the mistake of incomplete aspiration of the
      thick, inspissated bile in the obstructed biliary tree before injection of
      contrast material. The problem will be worsened by a peripheral entrance into the
      biliary system rather than a more central one. Gastrointestinal series should
      always be available to aid in identifying pathology at the entrace of the common
      bile duct into the duodenum. Lastly, identifying the etiology at the site of the
      block will require additional procedures. Selective visceral angiography has
      contributed greatly in this area. During the 20 years of clinical usage of
      percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, we feel it has become the single
      examination capable of preventing unnecessary exploration of the jaundiced
      patient with primary liver parenchymal disease and the most useful potential
      source of practical information if laparotomy is necessary to correct biliary
      tract obstruction.

PMID- 173198
TI  - Hepatic echography.
AB  - There are 2 kinds of echographic investigations: those which are only
      complementary and those which are specific by themselves. To improve this latter
      category, we would like to emphasize two useful echographic signs. First, the
      attenuation sign, which indicates the fibrotic nature, therefore practically
      speaking, the cirrhotic nature of a diffuse echogenic pattern. Secondly, the
      posterior echo accumulation sign, which indicates the liquid nature, and
      therefore in general the cystic nature of a localized sonolucent pattern.

PMID- 173199
TI  - Compensatory renal hypertrophy after treatment for Wilms' tumor.
AB  - In children who undergo nephrectomy for Wilms' tumor, compensatory renal
      hypertrophy occurs rapidly despite concomitant irradiation and chemotherapy.
      Review of preoperative and postoperative intravenous pyelograms of 21 children
      showed all to have significant enlargement of the remaining kidney. Sixty-five
      per cent renal hypertrophy occurred during the first 2 months after nephrectomy;
      by 11 months, renal hypertrophy is complete and renal growth is no longer
      accelerated.

PMID- 173200
TI  - The virulence to man of Japanese encephalitis virus in Thailand.

PMID- 173201
TI  - Prevalence of antibodies to arboviruses in Egypt. Results of a serologic survey
      among 1,113 university students.

PMID- 173202
TI  - Neoplasia in kidney transplant recipients.

PMID- 173203
TI  - Intraductal carcinoma of the breast. A comparative study.

PMID- 173204
TI  - [Role of chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic forms of trophoblastic
      disease].

PMID- 173205
TI  - [Work capacity after treatment of trophoblastic tumors].

PMID- 173206
TI  - A new concept in the measurement of neuromuscular transmission and block.
AB  - The discovery of the safety margin of neuromuscular transmission has brought
      forth the requirement for an improvement in the clinical examination of
      curarization, since the safety margin, i.e. the reserves, should also be
      measured. For this purpose a peripheral nerve stimulator and an electromechanical
      recorder unit have been produced, suitable for both the examination of manifest
      curarization and of the neuromuscular reserves. The measurements of muscle
      relaxation are performed making use of 30 Hz stimulation, while the safety margin
      of neuromuscular transmission is measured using stimulation at 200 Hz one.

PMID- 173207
TI  - Wide occurrence of guanosine 5'-tetraphosphate in commercial preparations of GTP.

PMID- 173208
TI  - Vidicon detection of resonance Raman spectra: cytochrome c.

PMID- 173209
TI  - [Peripheral neuropathies i- Waldenstrom's disease. Histological and
      ultrastructural studies of 5 cases].
AB  - In four cases it was the existence of peripheral neuropathy which led to the
      discovery of macroglobulinemia within an interval from 1 to 11 years. The
      treatment of the disease also markedly improved the peripheral neuropathy in
      three cases. Two patients died. Two of the biopsies of the peripheral nerve
      showed infiltration by atypical lymphocytes. Ultrastructural changes in the five
      cases were variable. Marked axonal involvement in the two cases with cellular
      infiltration. In one of these two cases it was combined with segmental
      demyelinization. This lesion was clearly predominant in the three other cases. In
      one of them demyelinization occurred in a very peculiar way with dilation of the
      internal part of the mesaxone going on in the most peripheral layers of the
      myelin. Discussion of the mechanisms of the involvement of the peripheral nervous
      parenchyma in Waldenstrom's disease. Cellular infiltrations, amorphous deposits,
      changes in the capillaries and macroglobuline may occur.

PMID- 173210
TI  - Equine serum lipids: serum lipoprotein profiles of Morgan and Thoroughbred
      horses.
AB  - The serum of lipoproteins of 10 Morgan and 8 Thoroughbred horses were examined by
      2 methods of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A significant breed difference
      in the beta-lipoprotein to alpha-lipoprotein ratio was seen in gradient slab
      electrophoresis. A breed difference in the number of peaks, but no difference in
      beta-lipoprotein to alpha-lipoprotein ratio, was found in disc gel
      electrophoresis. These results have been correlated to indicate differences in
      charge of alpha-lipoprotein components and in size of beta-lipoprotein components
      between these 2 breeds of horses.

PMID- 173211
TI  - Equine serum lipids: lipid composition and electrophoretic mobility of equine
      serum lipoprotein fractions.
AB  - The serum lipoprotein fractions from 5 Morgan and 5 Thoroughbred horses were
      isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation, chemically analyzed for lipid
      composition, and studied by 2 methods of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to
      determine electrophoretic mobility. Breed differences were not seen in the
      relative percentages of the lipid classes found in the various fractions.
      Normally, horses, like most animals, carry the majority of their lipid in high
      density lipoproteins. Electrophoretically, the only difference seen between
      breeds occurred on disc electrophoresis where the extra band, which is
      characteristic of lipoprotein profiles of Morgans, was found in the high-density
      lipoprotein fraction.

PMID- 173212
TI  - Pathogenicity of a caprine herpesvirus.
AB  - A herpesvirus isolated from neonatal Angora kids (Capra hircus) with a relatively
      severe generalized infection was shown to be infective for adult goats as well as
      for kids. However, the virus lacked pathogenicity for either lambs or calves.
      Although a nonreciprocating serologic overlap exists between the caprine virus
      and the antibody to bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1), results of cross immunity tests
      in calves indicated that the 2 viruses are immunologically distinct. On the basis
      of these findings, the caprine virus seems to be a specific pathogen of goats.
      Accordingly, the designation of Herpesvirus caprae or caprine herpesvirus 1 seems
      taxonomically appropriate.

PMID- 173213
TI  - Synthesis of fibroma viral deoxyribonucleic acid complexes in rabbit kidney
      cells.
AB  - Cytoplasmic extracts of primary rabbit kidney cells inoculated with fibroma virus
      revealed 2 peaks of DNA complexes (120S and greater than or equal to 410S) in a
      linear sucrose gradient. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated a shift in the
      gradient profile of lighter complexes toward heavier complexes. Synthesis of DNA
      complexes was inhibited by adding puromycin or actinomycin D. The DNA from virus
      infected cultures hybridized 7 to 9 times greater with fibroma virus DNA than did
      the DNA from noninfected cultuures. The DNA complexes became increasingly
      resistant to deoxyribonuclease digestion as a function of time during viral
      growth cycle and produced tumors in rabbits.

PMID- 173215
TI  - Angiographic assessment of resectability in primary hepatic carcinoma.
AB  - The nature of primary hepatic malignancy and the magnitude of operative
      procedures for treatment dictate that hepatic resection be carried out only when
      there is the chance of cure. Following resection, a sufficient amount of liver
      with an intact afferent and efferent vascular system must remain to sustain life.
      Complete hepatic angiographic evaluation by arteriography, inferior vena
      cavography, hepatic venography and portal venography provides valuable
      information about extent of tumor involvement and the anticipated hepatic
      remnant. Complete preoperative knowledge of hepatic vascular anatomy should
      permit better selection of patients for potentially curative resection and avoid
      operation in patients with incurable tumors.

PMID- 173214
TI  - Bronchial provocation tests in etiologic diagnosis and analysis of asthma.

PMID- 173216
TI  - Diagnostic error in breast disease.
AB  - Fifty-six breast biopsies, incorrectly assessed by preoperative clinical or
      mammographic examination, were reviewed to define the characteristics in the
      tumor or patient that caused the clinician and mammographer to be diagnostically
      inaccurate. The most important patient characteristic associated with error was
      the use of hormones. Failure to recognize that oral contraceptive use
      significantly reduces the incidience of benign breast disease contributed to the
      frequent misdiagnosis of lesions in those patients. Twelve of 16 masses in oral
      contraceptive users were malignant. In seven, their resemblance to cysts or
      fibroadenomas resulted in treatment delay of two weeks or 18 months. Because
      benign disease is uncommon in women who have used contraceptives two or more
      years, all new lesions in those women should be studied by biopsy promptly.
      Neither clinical nor mammographic evaluation of lesions in postmenopausal women
      who used estrogens was accurate. Twelve postmenopausal patients with carcinoma
      had used estrogens. Three of these lesions were considered benign clinically and
      four, by mammogram. In one, treatment was delayed four years. In women over 50
      not using hormones, clinical diagnosis of malignancy was accurate. Ten carcinomas
      in those women were missed by mammogram. Eight had negative nodes; thus a
      negative mamogram when the clinical diagnosis is correct may be an effective
      guide in predicting the status of axillary nodes. Paget's disease was not
      recognized clinically in two of eight patients with that disease, and an
      additional two were not recognized on mammography. The initial examiner did not
      identify three of six inflammatory carcinomas. Ten percent of benign lesions were
      intraductal hyperplasia or papillomatosis with atypia and were the benign lesions
      most often misdiagnosed clinically and by mammogram. No microscopic lesions were
      noted on mammography without an associated palpable mass. Twenty-five per cent of
      the lesions in women aged 40-49 were incorrectly assessed by mammography or
      clinical examination. Four (15%) of the 27 carcinomas in this age group were not
      recognized by either modality. Mammography helped delineate the characteristics
      of masses in premenopausal women. With recognition that any mass that appears in
      a woman using oral contraceptives must be studied by biopsy, combined clinical
      and mammographic study in primenopausal women should minimize diagnostic error.
      Unfortunately, neither clinical nor mammographic evaluation of the women with
      irregular periods approaching menopause or within three years past menopause is
      accurate. It is in that age group that new diagnostic modalities are needed and
      when reported their efficacy in that age group should be stressed.

PMID- 173217
TI  - Foodhandler-associated outbreak of hepatitis type A. An immune electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - Immune electron microscopy, which can detect hepatitis A antigen and antibody
      (anti-HA), was used to study a foodhandler-associated outbreak of hepatitis among
      136 naval recruits. In stool specimens collected during the acute phase of
      illness, 27-nm viruslike hapatitis A antigen particles were shown, but only in
      patients with icteric hepatitis. Detection was possible in stools collected as
      early as 10 days before peak serum aminotransferase activity and up to the time
      of peak enzyme activity, but not thereafter. The immunologic similarity of these
      viruslike particles to those found in acute phase stools of volunteers inoculated
      with the MS-1 strain of hepatitis A virus was determined, and an increase in anti
      HA was shown between acute and convalescent serums from 25 of the recruits. These
      data support the view that the MS-1 strain of hepatitis A virus is serologically
      related to naturally acquired type A hepatitis.

PMID- 173218
TI  - Demeclocycline treatment in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
      secretion.
AB  - We have studied the effects of demeclocycline on the water metabolism of a
      patient with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion
      who presented with a serum sodium concentration of 110 meq/litre. Free water
      clearance was studied before, during, and after treatment with demeclocycline.
      This study shows that demeclocycline (900 mg/day) can at least partially inhibit
      the action of ADH in the setting of tumor-induced ADH secretion, with the
      production of a reversible, partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and with few
      or no side effects. Demeclocycline may be useful in the treatment of chronic
      inappropriate ADH secretion.

PMID- 173219
TI  - Letter: Cytomegalovirus-induced thrombocytopenia and hemolysis in an adult.

PMID- 173220
TI  - Editorial: Antiestrogens and breast cancer treatment.

PMID- 173221
TI  - Islet cell carcinoma, pancreatic cholera, and vasoactive intestinal peptide.
AB  - Three patients with profuse diarrhea, hypokalemia, metastatic nonbeta islet cell
      carcinoma, and the absence of gastric hypersecretion were found to have elevated
      levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide. One patient also had elevated serum
      gastrin levels. Two patients experienced prolonged remissions of diarrhea after
      operations in which only tumor biopsies were done. These cases further implicate
      vasoactive intestinal peptide as the agent mediating the diarrhea in the syndrome
      of pancreatic cholera.

PMID- 173222
TI  - Letter: Systemic contraceptives and the liver.

PMID- 173224
TI  - Function of ascorbic acid in collagen metabolism.

PMID- 173223
TI  - [Studies on the conidial differentiation of "Neurospora crassa" VI.--Functional
      anomalies of the conditional aconidial mutant "amycelial" (author's transl)].
AB  - Studies using the morphological mutant "amycelial"--a conditional, aconidial
      strain of N. crassa--have revealed certain consistent functional and biochemical
      differences from wild type strains showing normal morphology and conidia
      formation. Thus it was found that the mutant strain showed an abnormal
      utilization of protein reserves at a time when there is extensive degradation
      during conidiogenesis in wild type. In addition, the mutant exhibited abnormally
      low oxygen consumption and free amino acid pools depressed nearly 3/4 with
      respect to wild type. All of these findings are consistent with earlier work
      linking conidiogenesis to aerobic oxidative processes and suggest that catabolic
      reactions particularly regarding protein breakdown may be important to
      conidiogenesis from the standpoint of the synthesis of new conidial proteins and
      for the supply of endogenous energy reserves during the process. The aconidial
      character of "amycelial" could be partially alleviated on solid acetate medium
      supplemented with amino acids, especially tryptophan or histidine. Conidiation
      was also induced by cyclic-AMP, even on sucrose medium. A polymer strongly
      antigenic in rabbits was found to be released into growth medium by the mutant
      but not by wild type cultures, providing a possible clue to the immediate cause
      of the abnormal morphology seen in "amycelial". This substance appears to be a
      glycopeptide containing a few hexoses and amino acids associated with
      polyphosphate.

PMID- 173225
TI  - Activation of prolyl hydroxylase in fibroblasts by ascorbic acid.

PMID- 173226
TI  - Ascorbic acid and collagen synthesis in cultured fibroblasts.

PMID- 173227
TI  - Effect of steroidogenesis on ascorbic acid content and uptake in isolated adrenal
      cells.
AB  - Isolated adrenal cell preparation was used to investigate the relationship
      between ascorbic acid and steroidogenesis by two methods: (1) in vivo
      incorporation of exogenous [1-14C]ascorbic acid into endogenous ascorbic acid of
      adrenal by intraperitoneal injection of labeled ascorbic acid into rats and
      studying the depletion of labeled ascorbic acid under a variety of experimental
      conditions; and (2) study of the uptake of [14C]ascorbic acid by IAC in response
      to steroidogenic stimuli and various steroids. These studies demonstrate that: 1.
      IAC preparation by the trypsin digestion method results in almost total depletion
      of ascorbic acid from adrenal cells, i.e., ascorbic acid content of the cell
      preparation was less than 1% of the original ascorbic acid in quartered adrenal
      gland. 2. In spite of such a severe depletion of ascorbic acid, steroidogenesis
      in response to ACTH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dcAMP) is quite pronounced. 3. ACTH
      and dcAMP affect depletion of endogenously labeled ascorbic acid in IAC by a
      process that is both concentration- and time-dependent, but is independent of
      steroidogenic processes. 4. ACTH and dcAMP both inhibit the uptake of exogenous
      [1-14C]ascorbic acid, which is time-dependent but independent of the
      steroidogenic phenomenon. 5. The uptake of [14C]ascorbic acid by IAC is
      independent of extra-to-intracellular gradient of glucocorticoids or
      mineralocorticoids.

PMID- 173228
TI  - Immunodeficiency to hepatitis B virus infection and genetic susceptibility to
      development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - The high frequency of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) in hepatocellular carcinoma
      (HCC) patients has led to the hypothesis that immunoresponsiveness to hepatitis B
      virus (HBV) may be deficient in some patients, and that the immune response
      deficiency may have a genetic basis. Radioelectrocomplexing (REC), a
      radioimmunoassay in gel based on the principle of counterimmunoelectrophoresis
      (CIE), has been used to identify four HBV immune status subgroups: 1) HBsAg
      +ve/HBsAb +ve; 2) HBsAg +ve/HBsAb -ve; 3) HBsAb -ve/HBsAb +ve; 4) HBsAg -ve/HBsAb
      -ve/HBsAb -ve. These subgroups comprise 2, 6, 70, and 22 percent, respectively,
      among blood donors, and 32, 19, 23, and 26 percent, respectively, among HCC
      patients. Although the HBV exposure rates in the two groups were similar, the
      immune complexemic rates and HBs antigenemic rates were significantly higher in
      HBB patients than in the blood donors. It is proposed that the failure of
      termination of HBV infection revealed by these high rates reflects an
      immunodeficiency state characterized by an inability to produce high-avidity
      HBsAb. The immunodeficiency might have a primary genetic basis, or it might be
      secondary to the immunodepressive effects of concurrent viral or parasitic
      infections.

PMID- 173229
TI  - Carcinofetal alterations in glycogen phosphorylase isozymes in rat hepatomas.
AB  - As part of a continuing study on the loss or retention of enzymes involved in
      specific hepatic functions in a series of rat liver neoplasms ranging widely in
      growth rate and degree of differentiation, isozyme patterns of glycogen
      phosphorylase in rat hepatomas were compared with those in rat tissues during
      development. A third phosphorylase isozyme, distinguishable kinetically,
      immunologically, electrophoretically, and by isoelectric focusing from liver and
      muscle types is commonly present in various rat hepatomas including Novikoff,
      Morris, and Yoshida hepatomas with various degrees of retention of liver type
      according to their degree of differentiation. This isozyme is also the sole type
      in the placenta and early embryo, and in liver and muscle is replaced with the
      organ specific liver and muscle types during development. In other organs, the
      replacement is only partial, and, especially in adult rat brain, this type is
      retained. Thus, this isozyme seems to be a prototype whose appearance in
      hepatomas is one of many examples of carcinofetal alterations in isozymes.

PMID- 173230
TI  - Biochemical and immunological studies of some carcinofetal enzymes.

PMID- 173231
TI  - Tumor-specific alkaline phosphatase in hepatoma.

PMID- 173232
TI  - Colon carcinoma antigens in the rat.

PMID- 173233
TI  - Carcinofetal human isoferritins.

PMID- 173234
TI  - Preoperative embolization of juvenile angiofibromas of the nasopharynx.
AB  - The juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a vascular tumor. Careful and
      complete removal is challenging because of the brisk bleeding during surgery. The
      means applied to reduce this blood loss have included preoperative estrogens,
      ligation of feeding vessels, silicone embolization of feeding vessels, and
      cryosurgery. We have used preoperative Gelfoam embolization of the internal
      maxillary artery in seven patients. Our clinical impression of significant
      reduction in loss of blood was confirmed by comparison with 16 previous patients.
      The average amount of blood lost in the embolized group was half that of the
      control group. A study of this type comprises many variables; however, the
      results do suggest that preoperative embolization of the internal maxillary
      artery is of advantage in the surgical treatment of juvenile angiofibromas.

PMID- 173235
TI  - Carcinoma of the nasopharynx in children.
AB  - Seven children with carcinoma of the nasopharynx have been treated and followed
      for five years. In this group of patients there were no cranial nerve palsies or
      radiographic evidence of destruction of the base of the skull. Four of the seven
      patients are living and well. The development of lymphoepithelioma in two
      siblings is of great interest from an environmental and genetic point of view.
      The older sibling developed the clinical manifestations of the tumor at 12 years
      of age and four years later the younger sibling developed them at 14 years of
      age. The possible etiologic relationship of carcinoma of the nasopharynx to the
      Epstein-Barr virus is discussed. The good survival rate in these patients under
      21 years of age suggests that the prognosis in carcinoma of the nasopharynx is
      better in the younger age group than in adults. The management of these patients
      illustrates that carcinoma of the nasopharynx should be managed as a regional
      rather than a systemic disease. Systemic drug therapy is sometimes advocated
      because of confusion over the name lymphoepithelioma on the assumption that these
      tumors are more related to lymphomas and lymphosarcomas than carcinomas. It is
      clear that lymphoepitheliomas should be managed as carcinomas.

PMID- 173236
TI  - Etiology of hyperuricemia.
AB  - Hyperuricemia is a common laboratory finding with significant clinical
      implications. It is easily detected, but its mechanisms may not be clearly
      elucidated. A scheme of pathogenesis has been outlined and diagrammed but much is
      conjectural; therefore, the classification is merely tentative. About 45 diseases
      or categories of conditions, 20 drugs, and nine states of intoxication have been
      surveyed. Hyperuricemia can be a multifactorial genetic disorder or a discrete
      response to a specific stimulus. It may be governed by a complex interplay of
      biochemical disorders for a lifetime duration, or it may be determined by
      environmental forces for a very transient course. Some conditions have both
      increased production of uric acid as well as decreased renal outflow. For many
      patients, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated.

PMID- 173237
TI  - [Anomalies of corticotropin secretion in chromophobe adenomas].
AB  - Corticotrophic secretion has been studied in several groups of subjects during
      metopirone test and arginine L-Dopa infusion. In animals, a net plasma ACTH
      increase is observed under while it is inconstant after arginine L-Dopa. In
      hypopituitarism, metopirone ACTH levels are low and unchanged during the tests.
      In chromophobe adenoma, basal ACTH levels are high, ACTH increase is normal
      during test and significantly higher than in controls after L-Dopa injection.
      Significance of these metopirone corticotrophic abnormalities is discussed.

PMID- 173238
TI  - Differential effects of oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential on the
      multiplication of three species of anaerobic intestinal bacteria.
AB  - The sensitivity of three strains of anaerobic intestinal bacteria, Clostridium
      perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis, and Peptococcus magnus, to the differential
      effects of oxygen and adverse oxidation-reduction potential was measured. The
      multiplication of the three organisms was inhibited in the presence of oxygen
      whether the medium was at a negative oxidation-reduction potential (Eh of -50
      mV), poised by the intermittent addition of dithiothreitol, or at a positive
      oxidation-reduction potential (Eh of near +500 mV). However, when these organisms
      were cultured in the presence of oxygen, no inhibition was observed, even when
      the oxidation-reduction potential was maintained at an average Eh of +325 mV by
      the addition of potassium ferricyanide. When the cultures were aerated, the
      growth patterns of the three organisms demonstrated different sensitivities to
      oxygen. P. magnus was found to be the most sensitive. After 2 h of aerobic
      incubation, no viable organisms could be detected. B. fragilis was intermediately
      sensitive to oxygen with no viable organisms detected after 5 h of aerobic
      incubation. C. perfringens was the least sensitive. Under conditions of aerobic
      incubation, viable organisms survived for 10 h. During the experiments with
      Clostridium, no spores were observed by spore staining.

PMID- 173239
TI  - Inhibitor of Clostridium perfringens formed by heating sodium nitrite in a
      chemically defined medium.
AB  - An inhibitor of Clostridium perfringens formed when low levels of nitrite were
      autoclaved with a defined chemical medium. A systematic study of the medium
      revealed that only amino acids and mineral salts were involved in the production
      of this inhibitor, which was proven to be a toxic compound formed from cysteine,
      ferrous sulfate, and sodium nitrite. The inhibitor was compared to several known
      compounds. S-nitrosocysteine inhibited the test organism, but would not form in
      the test system in amounts large enough to explain the observed inhibition.
      Roussin red salt was unstable in the test system and therefore was not the
      inhibitor. Roussin black salt, which was also inhibitory, could form in
      sufficient amounts to explain the inhibition. A complex of cysteine, iron, and
      nitric oxide was detected in the autoclaved solution of cysteine, ferrous
      sulfate, and sodium nitrite; this cysteine complex did not appear to be
      inhibitory, however, at levels which could form in the autoclaved medium. The
      observed inhibition may have been due to the combined effects of sublethal
      concentrations of each compound.

PMID- 173240
TI  - Repair of heat-injured Clostridium perfringens spores during outgrowth.
AB  - Clostridium perfringens strain NCTC 8798 spores were injured by ultrahigh
      temperature treatment and were unable to outgrow in the presence of antibiotics
      used in selective enumeration media. Injured spores underwent repair in a
      nonselective laboratory medium and in foods.

PMID- 173241
TI  - Receptors for insulin and epidermal growth factor: relation  to synthesis of DNA
      in cultured rabbit lens epithelium.

PMID- 173242
TI  - Oxygen-18 studies of the mechanism of pyrophosphoryl group transfer catalyzed by
      phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase.

PMID- 173243
TI  - Acquired ichthyosis. A sign of nonlymphoproliferative malignant disorders.
AB  - Acquired ichthyosis was recognized in four patients, in whom the associated
      malignant disorders were carcinoma of the lung, breast, and cervix. This skin
      lesion may be a valuable clinical sign in recognizing the existence of a
      malignant condition. Although the emergence of an ichthyosiform dermatosis may
      have serious prognostic implications, it may also be useful in monitoring the
      course of the malignant disorder and the patient's response to therapy. The
      relationship to nonlymphoproliferative malignant neoplasms may be more common
      than has been previously recognized.

PMID- 173244
TI  - Urinary 3'5' cyclic AMP. Diagnostic test in pseudohypoparathyroidism.
AB  - Measurement of urinary cyclic AMP (adenosine 3'5'-cyclic phosphate) and
      examination of calcium and phosphorus metabolism was carried out in two children
      with pseudohypoparathyroidism. In both patients infusion of parathyroid hormone
      failed to elicit any change in urinary cyclic AMP, while a dose-dependent
      increase in urinary cyclic AMP occurred in a normal control. The findings agree
      with concept of unresponsiveness of renal cortical tissue to parathyroid hormone
      in pseudohypoparathyroidism and provide further evidence that measurement of
      urinary cyclic AMP during parathyroid hormone infusion may be the method of
      choice in the diagnosis of this disease.

PMID- 173245
TI  - Proceedings: Hepatic ultrastructure in a child with carbamyl phosphate synthetase
      deficiency, hyperornithinaemia, hyperammonaemia, and homocitrullinuria.

PMID- 173247
TI  - [Tumor- and drug-induced cutaneous axonal dystrophy. An electronmicrocopy proof
      of multiple lamellated bodies].
AB  - A marked cutaneous axonal dystrophy has been observed electronmicroscopically for
      the first time in the skin of three patients: (a) lesion of pityriasis
      lichenoides chronica in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma, (b) non involved
      skin of a patient with malignant melanoma and (c) non involved skin of a patient
      with gout and retinal damage after prolonged use of chloroquine. The affected
      myelinated and non myelinated axons showed distinct alterations of mitochondria
      and multiple osmiophilic lamellated bodies (LK). These changes were interpreted
      as a (poly-)neuropathy, due to the influence of toxic systemic agents, such as
      malignant tumor and abuse of drugs. Chloroquine is known to induce neural damage.
      Moreover, some other compounds (ergotamine, ethaverine, analgetic preparations)
      may also be responsible for the drug-induced axonal dystrophy described in this
      study.

PMID- 173246
TI  - Dense bodies and Langerhans granules after application of podophyllum resin.
AB  - The application of an alcoholic solution of podophyllum resin at concentrations
      above 10% for seven hours on guinea-pig udders increases the number of dense
      intracytoplasmic bodies in the Langerhans cells localized in the epidermis. A
      close relationship can be established between these inclusions and the typical
      Langerhans granules in view of the numerous intermediate forms with features of
      one or the other. Serial sections of these structures confirm the irregularity
      not only of the lysosome-like bodies but also of the Langerhans granules, which
      may be fusiform or oblong or even present two vesicular dilatations, one at each
      end of the rod.

PMID- 173248
TI  - Sexual differentiation in Aspergillus nidulans: the requirement for manganese and
      the correlation between phosphoglucomutase and the synthesis of reserve material.
AB  - Aspergillus nidulans was completely devoid of fruit bodies when grown on
      manganese deficient cultures. This result was shown earlier to be due to a lack
      of alpha-1,3 glucan in the cell wall. Several enzymes of carbon and nitrogen
      metabolism were investigated in an attempt to explain the absence of this reserve
      material. Synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase
      and aldolase, were not strongly affected by manganese deficiency. However,
      phosphoglucomutase showed only 60% of the activity of the control cultures and it
      was argued that this was connected with the low amounts of alpha-1,3 glucan
      synthesized. Malate dehydrogenase was the enzyme the least affected by manganese
      deficiency and the two to threefold higher activity measured after glucose
      depletion might indicate the induction of the glyoxylate cycle. An impaired
      glutamine synthetase could explain the increase in activity observed for NAD
      glutamine dehydrogenase.

PMID- 173249
TI  - Comparative studies on sporulation-promotive actions on cyclic AMP, theophylline
      and caffeine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Cyclic AMP, theophylline and caffeine promoted sporulation when added to a
      presporulation medium containing glucose. Caffeine promoted sporulation even when
      added to a presporulation medium containing acetate as the carbon source, but
      cyclic AMP and theophylline did not. Caffeine did not increase the intracellular
      cyclic AMP level, while theophylline did significantly when added to a
      presporulation medium containing glucose. Caffeine inhibited the vegatative DNA
      synthesis with little effect on RNA and protein synthesis, resulting in the
      increase in cell volume, dry weight, and RNA and protein contents, but cyclic AMP
      and theophylline did not show such effects.

PMID- 173250
TI  - [Electron microscopy demonstration of fibrillar structures in the foot-and-mouth
      disease virus].
AB  - Purified FMD virus was heat treated and then examined by electron microscopy with
      the negative contrast technique. Fibrils of varying length and thickness were
      present; they were not present after ribonuclease treatment. They were similar to
      the fibrils described for other picornaviruses. Viral RNA was the essential
      component of these artificially arranged fibrils, which were composed of threads
      about 10 A wide, separated from one another by a gap of about 10 A.

PMID- 173251
TI  - Kinetics of neutralization of two strains of Myxovirus Parainfluenza 3 in the
      presence of complement and anti-gammaglobulin-serum.
AB  - Using the kinetics of neutralization, it was established that two strains of
      Myxovirus Parainfluenza 3 of cattle and sheep origin which are immunologicaly
      identical have a different sensitivity to early neutralizing antibodies of
      reconvalescent calf sera. Complement-dependent neutralizing antibodies, supplied
      by adding 5% guinea pig serum to the calf serum, appear earlier than the usual
      neutralizing antibodies. Goat anti-cattle gammaglobulin serum decreases the
      neutralizing activity of early reconvalescent serum and release some of the
      neutralizing virus from the virus-antibody complex. It is believed that the
      lability of the virus-antibody complex depends not only on the activity of the
      antibody, but also on some properties of the strains. The addition of complement
      stabilizes this complex. The previous addition of adenovirus antigen to bivalent
      cattle serum against Myxovirus Parainfluenza 3 and cattle adenovirus, decreases
      the complement-dependent neutralizing antibody of the serum against Myxovirus
      Parainfluenza 3. It is suggested that this is the possible mechanism for the
      mutual activation of mixed virus infections.

PMID- 173252
TI  - [Haptoglobulin in domestic mammals. IV. Experimental influencing of the
      haptoglobulin level].
AB  - The effects of turpentine oil, vaccines, pyrogens, corticotrophin, prednisolone,
      adrenaline and autologous haemoglobin on the haptoglobin content of plasma was
      investigated in cattle and pigs. In comparison with rabbits, relatively small
      doses of turpentine oil led to a considerable increase in haptoglobin, a 50%
      increase occurring within 4 to 6 days in pigs and only 1.5-2 days in cattle.
      Bacterial products also increased haptoglobin. It was confirmed that pigs react
      very rapidly (after 8 hours) to injection of corticotrophin, prednisolone or
      adrenaline with an increase in plasma haptoglobin. Following complete saturation
      of infused haemoglobin by haptoglobin, new haptoglobin was rapidly formed, so
      that the initial haptoglobin concentration was regained about 24 hours after
      infusion of haemoglobin.

PMID- 173254
TI  - REM phase deprivation and schizophrenia II.
AB  - Nine schizophrenic patients with active symptomatology were compared with seven
      patient controls in their response to two nights of rapid eye movement (REM)
      sleep deprivation. The control subjects demonstrate "normal" increases in total
      REM and percentage REM time increase on recovery nights compared to base line
      nights. The schizophrenic subjects differ substantially from the control subjects
      in both these measurements and show no perceptible change from base line nights
      on recovery nights. The effects of medication, anxiety, sleep loss, ceiling
      effects, and intensity change were not considered adequate to account for the
      above results. However, many questions, such as the specificity of this rebound
      failure to the schizophrenic patients and the possibility of a sleep disturbance
      factor operating independently of psychiatric diagnosis, remain to be answered.

PMID- 173253
TI  - [Structure of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. 2. Various physical and chemical
      properties of the 12S components].
AB  - The 12S units were purified by heat treatment and acidification of purified,
      highly-concentrated virus, with separation of viral RNA by gel filtration. The
      following physical parameters were obtained: - partial specific volume 0.737 +/-
      0.020 g/cm3; diffusion soefficient D020,W = 3.96 +/- 0.24 F; sedimentation
      coefficient S020,W = 12.1 +/- 0.5S; molecular weight 283,00 +/- 30,000 Dalton;
      refraction increment (determined by ultracentrifugation) was dn/dc = 0.189 +/-
      0.010 cm3/g for white light of the "HBO 200". Examination of the 12S component by
      analytical ultracentrifugation and in sucrose and CsCl gradients showed that the
      product was uniform; density determined in CsCl was 1.302 +/- 0,00 s g/cm3. The
      ultraviolet absorption spectrum was characteristic of proteins; extinction values
      at 278 nm in a layer 1 cm thick and 10 mg/ml at pH was 13.9 +/- 1.9, while the
      ratio E278 nm/E250 = 2.2. Electron microscopy showed that the diameter was 11.0
      +/- 1.6 nm. Morphology of 12S unit was discussed.

PMID- 173255
TI  - [Morphogenesis of eleastotic transformation of breast cancer stroma (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Within the tissue proteins in stroma of breast cancer occured multifocal
      elastotic transformations. The transformations concern collagen bundles that are
      devoided of mucopolysaccharide substance. The fields of degenerated connective
      tissue take on the capacities to dye like elastic fibres. The authors suggest
      that the increase of elastotic material in stroma of breast cancer is bound with
      the collagen degradation that is caused by metabolites of cancer tissue. The
      phenomenon occured in all age groups and is not closely bound with the grade of
      histological malignancy of cancer.

PMID- 173256
TI  - [Experimental investigations on the accumulation of radioactive compounds in
      autochtonal tumors in the rat (author's transl)].
AB  - For the first time results of investigations on rats with radioactive compounds
      in autochtonal tumors of the central nervous system, induced via placenta by
      Ethyl-Nitrose-Urea (ENU), are reported. In contrast to transplantation tumors the
      tumors induced by ENU are comparable in regard to the szintigrafic results with
      human brain tumors. The radiopharmaceuticals 131I-HSA, 99mTc-Pertechnetate, 203Hg
      Chlormerodrin and 113m/111In-DTPA are similar to human brain tumors taken up by
      the ENU-tumors. For these findings it may be important, that the ENU-tumors are
      of neurogenic origin and do not differ histologically from the human brain
      tumors. The accumulation of the radioactive substances in ENU-tumors can be
      explained with the lesion at the blood-brain-barrier and at the blood-nerv
      barrier. Therefore, it is discussed that the mechanism of the uptake is similar
      in human brain neoplasms and in ENU-tumors of the brain. The ENU-tumor model is
      suitable for testing new radiopharmaceuticals before their application in men.

PMID- 173257
TI  - [Results of a controlled clinical trial for evaluation of intensive preoperative
      irradiation in operable bronchial cancer (author's transl)].
AB  - To examine the value of an intensive preoperative irradiation on the bronchial
      carcinoma, 196 operable patients with tumors being histologically confirmed were
      divided into two groups by drawing the lot: 99 patients for preoperative
      irradiation, 97 for primary operation. The correspondence of the following
      criteria was tested and confirmed: age, sex, no symptons, histological tumor
      type. The preoperative irradiation dose amounted to 5,500 RHD (CO-60). Out of
      both groups the same number of patients was resected (83 and 85 respectively);
      within the preoperative irradiated group, however, 11 patients were omitted
      before the operation (information on reasons), while within the not irradiated
      group the number of thoracotomized but not resected cases was adequately greater
      (13). There is no statistically significant difference within the annual survival
      rate, although the mortality of the primarily operated patients is a bit more
      favourable. Quite the same is valid for postoperative mortality and
      complications. The local recurrences (in all cases of necropsy), however, are
      statistically significant reduced after preoperative irradiation. Since there is
      no influence on the rate of surviving, the conclusion is drawn that the majority
      of the operable cases has already developed small distant metastatic formations,
      being decisive for the prognosis before any therapy was performed. That is why a
      new prospective series with a low irradiation dose is started, where an increase
      of complications is not to be expected, but the possibility exists to influence
      local micrometastatic formations, that means an influence only to those cases
      with the probability of a low degree of remote metastatic formations.

PMID- 173258
TI  - Subcellular distribution of phospholipids during liver damage induced by rare
      earths.
AB  - After intravenous injection of praseodymium nitrate, female Wistar rats develop
      fatty livers. In contrast to the marked increase of triglycerides, the
      phospholipid content was only increased by 50%. The subcellular distribution of
      phospholipids showed that major changes occur in the microsomal fraction within
      the first 24 hrs. Among the individual phospholipids only phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine concentrations were elevated. Further subfractioning
      revealed that phospholipid concentration increased in the smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum, whereas it decreased in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The
      individual phospholipids in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum increased to the
      same degree as did the total phospholipids. On the other hand, in the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum only the lecithin fraction decreased, while all other
      phospholipids remained unchanged. Cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, and glucose 6
      phosphatase activity were drastically reduced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum,
      while no changes could be observed in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In the
      serum, phospholipid concentration fell to half the normal value within the first
      24 hrs after praseodymium intoxication.

PMID- 173259
TI  - Demonstration of infectious DNA in transformed cells. II. Characterization of
      uptake of SV40-transformed mouse cell DNA by simian cells.
AB  - The initial steps in the DNA-transfer, or transfection, method of virus rescue
      were characterized using primary green monkey (GMK) cells exposed to SV40
      transformed mouse (SV-3T3) cell DNA in the presence of 1 mg/ml DEAE-dextran. When
      large amounts (10-50mug) of high molecular weight DNA (greater than 10(7)
      daltons) were inoculated onto 10(6) GMK cells, usually less than 1 mug became
      cell-associated. DNA fragmented to a size of 1-3 X 10(6) daltons was bound more
      efficiently by the recipient cells, but generally only 5-10 per cent of the
      inoculum (representing 1-4 mug) was taken up. Approximately 50 per cent of the
      cell-associated DNA had penetrated to a DNase-resistant state by the end of the
      30-minute incubation period. The effect of the size of thr transformed cell DNA
      molecule on the recovery of SV40 in transfection experiments was investigated.
      The trend appeared to be that rescue was more efficient with the larger molecular
      weight samples.

PMID- 173260
TI  - Specific cleavage of Sendai virus nucleocapsid protein subunits during virus
      storage.
AB  - The alteration of whole Sendai virus and especially of its nucleocapsid
      polypeptides, during storage of the virus at 4 degree C in the allantoic fluids
      in which it was cultivated, has cultivated, has been studied by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate gel electrophoresis. During virus storage the nucleocapsid protein
      subunits with a molecular weight of 60,000 and the putative inner envelope
      protein with a molecular weight of 38,000 were mainly affected. Both virus
      components were partially degraded to smaller components. Examination of
      nucleocapsids isolated from "stored" virus showed that, in addition to the 60,000
      molecular weight polypetide component, a smaller polypeptide component with a
      molecular weight of 46,000 appeared. The relative proportion of the small
      component increased with the storage period: a kind of specific conversion of
      large to small components occurred during storage. Since viruses kept in the
      absence of allantoic fluids revealed no similar modifications of their
      polypeptides, we concluded that a cellular component present in the allantoic
      fluids - very likely of enzymatic nature - is responsible for the observed
      cleavage of virus polypeptides.

PMID- 173261
TI  - Effect of tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (disulfiram) on the multiplication of
      enveloped viruses.
AB  - Disulfiram at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.3 mM inhibits the multiplication
      of Semliki Forest virus (SFV), fowl plague virus (FPV), Newcastle disease virus
      (NDV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and pseudorabies virus (PRV), when
      administered 1 hour before and during adsorption. There is, however, no
      inhibition of virus multiplication, when the drug is added after adsorption onto
      chick embryo cells. Disulfiram interferes neither with the receptors of the virus
      nor of erythrocytes, and it does not prevent virus adsorption. Possibly an early
      step in virus multiplication is affected by disculfiram. Infected cells once
      treated with the drug recover after some time of incubation in an ingibitor-free
      medium. The inhibitory state can be maintained, however, if relatively low doses
      of disulfiram are present in the culture medium also after adsorption. Disulfiram
      has no effect on macromolecular synthesis of the host cells. It has, however, a
      marked affect on membrane function. While virus multiplication is readily
      inhibited by disulfiram when chick embryo or BHK cells were investigated, virus
      multiplication in HeLa cells is almost resestant against the action of
      disulfiram.

PMID- 173262
TI  - SV40 induced polypeptides in infected and transformed cells.
AB  - 5 structural (VP) and 3 non-structural (NSVP) SV40 induced polypeptides which
      display two kinetic patterns of synthesis are identified in infected cells. NSVP
      1 and 2 are "early" functions of which only NSVP 1 is present in transformed
      cells; NSVP 3 is "late" function which is also present in a line (T-22) of
      transformed AGMK.

PMID- 173263
TI  - Inhibition of Newcastle disease virus-induced fever in rabbits by cycloheximide.
AB  - Pretreatment with cycloheximide prevents virus-induced fever in rabbits. Compared
      to the febrile control animals, CH-pretreated afebrile animals exhibit similar
      concentrations of endogenous pyrogen in the blood and of prostaglandins of the E
      group and adenosine 3', 5'-cycle monophosphate in the cerebrospinal fluid. The
      fever response seems to involve one or several additional so far unknown
      mediators which are sensitive to cycloheximide.

PMID- 173265
TI  - In vitro antiherpetic activity of water-soluble amphotericin B methyl ester.

PMID- 173264
TI  - Suppression of pulmonary antibacterial activity following Sendai virus infection
      in mice: dependence on virus dose.

PMID- 173266
TI  - [Influence of hormones on the functional activity of the regenerating cortex of
      the enucleated adrenal in situ].
AB  - The functional activity of the regenerating cortex was studied in 90 female
      albino rats (150-200 g) after ablation of the right adrenal and enucleation of
      the left one. In the period of active growth of the regenerating tissue (10 days
      after operation) the functional activity of parenchymatous cells was low which is
      evidenced by poor content of both lipids and "ketosteroids". In parallel with
      reparation of the adrenal adrenocortical tissue mass the content of
      physiologically active substances was also restored (20 days after operation).
      After injection of hydrocortizone (daily dosage 2,5 mg) the growth and
      differentiation of the bundle-reticular zone in the regenerating area was
      inhibited. In the glomerular zone the reactions to lipids and "ketosteroids" were
      mainly similar to those in the glomerular zone of intact adrenal. After injection
      of ACTH (daily dosage 5 or 10 mg) during 10 days the regenerating area was
      functionally better developed than in the control since moderately pronounced
      reactions to "ketosteroids" and lipids appeared in it. Fairly high content of
      these substances in the regenerated cortex after 20 days of injections of ACTH
      (10 units) as well as presence of secondary necrobiotic changes pointed to
      functional overstrain of the newly formed organ.

PMID- 173267
TI  - [Histochemistry of the oxidation-reduction enzymes in the cells of
      neuroectodermal tumors].
AB  - The activity of 8 enzymes (dehydrogenase and diaphorase) in cells of 110
      neuroectodermal tumours was studied. The overall assessment showed that the
      activity of these enzymes varied: the highest was noted for NAD-diaphorase and
      lactadehydrogenase, the lowest--for enzymes of Krebs' cycle. The activity of
      dehydrogenase and diaphorase was different in neuroectodermal tumours of
      different origin. Not infrequently, there was observed "enzymatic polymorphism"
      of the cells of one and the same tumour. A higher activity of these enzymes in
      tumour cells, as a rule, correlated with a greater amount of cytoplasma and with
      a shift to the latter of the nucleo-cytoplasmatic ratio. Metabolism of tumour and
      reactively hypertrophied astrocytes, as judged by some histochemical findings,
      showed traits of similarity.

PMID- 173269
TI  - Myasthenic syndrome studied with single fiber electromyography.
AB  - A patient with the myasthenic syndrome was investigated with single fiber
      electromyography (SFEMG). It was found that 35 of 36 potential pairs had
      increased "jitter" and that 29 of these demonstrated impulse blockings. There was
      improvement in neuromuscular transmission with higher rates of innervation.
      Transmission worsened following rest. The SFEMG findings at the motor end-plate
      level correlate well with the results of repetitive stimulation and in vitro
      studies.

PMID- 173268
TI  - Neostigmine methylsulfate. Does it have a chronic effect as well as a transient
      one?
AB  - Three groups of 200-gm rats were injected subcutaneously with neostigmine
      methylsulfate (1 mg/kg/day) for 7, 30, and 100 days. Electrophysiological changes
      were assessed in vitro, using microelectrode techniques to examine diaphragm
      muscles of treated and untreated animals. Miniature end-plate potential (MEPP)
      amplitude decreased in neostigmine-treated preparations. Guanidine hydrochloride
      enhances transmitter release and increases MEPP frequency in control
      preparations. Neostigmine-treated animals examined between 6 to 72 hours after
      discontinuation of neostigmine therapy showed impaired response to the
      facilitating influence of guanidine. Recovery of response to guanidine was
      inversely related to length of treatment with neostigmine. Results of electron
      microscopic examination of motor end-plates in treated animals revealed
      ultrastructural changes, including simplified end-plates, and, occasionally,
      multiple, separate, junctional regions. Therefore, the chronic administration of
      cholinesterase inhibitors in man may have a deleterious effect, as well as a
      transient beneficial one.

PMID- 173270
TI  - Idoxuridine ocular insert therapy. Use in treatment of experimental Herpes
      simplex keratitis.
AB  - Therapy of acute Herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits with idoxuridine-releasing
      ocular inserts showed that an application rate of 30mug/hr gave significantly
      better results than conventional treatment with idoxuridine drops and ointment
      while exposing the eye to 40% less drug. Delivery rates lower than this were
      equal or not as effective as drop and ointment therapy and rates up to 100 mug/hr
      did not produce significantly better results than rates of 30mug/hr. Serial viral
      cultures demonstrated the persistence of virus beyond the period of clinical
      resolution of disease in all treatment groups, indicating that therapy should be
      continued longer than apparent resolution of disease.

PMID- 173271
TI  - Bilateral synchronous mixed tumors of the parotid gland.
AB  - A 62-year-old man had bilateral parotid masses. This case represents a rare
      occurrence of bilateral synchronous mixed tumors of the parotid gland. We discuss
      this case, including preoperative evaluation, reason for rarity, treatment, and a
      review of the literature.

PMID- 173272
TI  - Recurrent benign mixed tumor and the facial nerve.
AB  - In surgical treatment of patients with recurrent benign mixed tumor, the surgeon
      strives to preserve the facial nerve. If there is inadvertent nerve injury,
      immediate repair is the treatment of choice. We report two patients with
      recurrent benign mixed tumor in whom the facial nerve was deliberately
      sacrificed. Repair of the nerve was accomplished by nerve grafts. Gross and
      microscopic tissue examination are presented in each instance, supporting the
      concept of en bloc removal of tumor and nerve. Such a surgical procedure is
      reserved only for a highly selected group of patients.

PMID- 173274
TI  - Encephalomyocarditis virus infection of pigs. 2. Experimental disease.
AB  - Encephalomycarditis virus recovered from a pig mortality in New South Wales was
      used to produce experimental infections. Of 34 pigs exposed, 17 died and a
      further 7 were found to have severe heart lesions when killed. Deaths occurred
      from 2 to 11 days after exposure with a mode of approximately 3 days. Ten of 11
      pigs exposed by intramuscular injection died and the remaining pig was killed
      after 28 days and found to have severe resolving heart lesions. Of 15 pigs
      exposed per os to various doses of virus, 6 died, 4 were killed and found to have
      severe heart lesions and 5 were apparently not infected. Intranasal exposure of 8
      pigs resulted in 1 death and 4 pigs with mild to severe heart lesions. Different
      doses of virus and routes of exposure did not substantially influence the
      character of the lesions. Lesions were similar to those found previously in field
      cases, and virus was recovered from all of 19 animals examined with severe acute
      lesions of 10 days standing or less.

PMID- 173273
TI  - Encephalomyocarditis virus infection of pigs. 1. An outbreak in New South Wales.
AB  - Substantial pig mortalities due to heart disease caused by EMC virus infection
      are described. The majority occurred in 1970 in conjunction with a rodent plague,
      but retrospective diagnosis of occasional similar mortalities in previous years
      was possible. Mortality rates in pigs aged 3 to 16 weeks ranged from a few
      percent to over 50% and the rate was generally highest in younger animals. It is
      likely that a considerable proportion of cases was sub-clinical. Focal or diffuse
      pale areas occurred in the myocardium, the wall of the conus arteriosus being
      most severely affected. In a few animals, resolving lesions were present.
      Encephalomyocarditis virus was consistently recovered from pigs with acute heart
      lesions, but not from those in which myocardial fibrosis had commenced. The virus
      was demonstrated in rodents, although the dependence of pig disease on rodent
      derived virus could not be established. Because of similarities between EMC and
      FMD myocarditides in pigs, specific diagnosis by virus isolation and
      identification should be obtained whenever possible.

PMID- 173275
TI  - Investigation of equine infectious anaemia in Queensland using gel diffusion.
AB  - An antigen for the gel diffusion test for equine infectious anaemia (EIA) was
      prepared from the spleen of a horse experimentally infected with the CQ strain of
      the virus. The antigen produced a single, distinct line of precipitation when
      tested against a range of known positive serums, and did not react with pre
      inoculation and known negative serums. Extracts prepared from uninfected spleens
      displayed no reaction when similarly tested. Serum from 34 of 451 Queensland
      horses contained detectable levels of antibody to EIA virus. The positive serums
      were from horses in widely separated areas of the State.

PMID- 173276
TI  - Infectious tenosynovitis (viral arthritis): characterization of a Connecticut
      viral isolant as a reovirus and evidence of viral egg transmission by reovirus
      infected broiler breeders.
AB  - Connecticut isolant S1133 of tenosynovitis was characterized as a reovirus by
      physicochemical, biological, and morphologic studies. After inoculation of 35
      week-old broiler breeders with tenosynovitis virus by subcutaneous route, virus
      was found in embryos of eggs laid by the breeders during a period of 8 to 12 days
      after inoculation.

PMID- 173277
TI  - Adenovirus respiratory infection in turkey poults.
AB  - A virus from turkey poults with respiratory signs was isolated in specific
      pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs and subsequently adapted to chicken embryo
      fibroblast and turkey kidney cell cultures, where round cell formation was
      observed. The cloned virus was ether-resistant and incorporated tridiated
      thymidine. Intra-nuclear icosahedral virus particles of 80 nm were detected.
      These physicochemical characteristics place this isolant into the adenovirus
      group of viruses. The disease was experimentally reproduced by intratracheal
      inoculation of one-day-old turkey poults. Snicking occurred in 100% of the birds
      and mortality reached 50%. CELO (Phelps strain) antiserum neutralized uncloned
      and cloned CUA-2 in chicken embryos and uncloned virus in chicken embryo
      fibroblast cell cultures. Quail bronchitis virus antiserum neutralized cloned CUA
      2 in TK cells. Agar-gel precipitin lines of identity were formed using CELO
      antiserum and postinoculation sera from experimentally infected turkeys.
      Serologically, this virus should be classified as a type-1 adenovirus.

PMID- 173278
TI  - The roles of the infectious bursal agent and several avian adenoviruses in the
      hemorrhagic-aplastic-anemia syndrome and gangrenous dermatitis.
AB  - The effect that breeder-flock immune status regarding the infectious bursal agent
      (IBA) and two avian adenoviruses (DPI-1 and DPI-2) has on the susceptibility of
      their commercially reared Delmarva broiler progeny to the hemorrhagic-aplastic
      anemia syndrome and concurrent gangrenous dermatitis was determined. Lack of
      immunity to the IBA in breeder flocks was related to an increased susceptibility
      of progeny to anemia and dermatitis. Breeder-flock immunity to the two
      adenoviruses tested could not be related to the resistance or susceptibility of
      their progeny to the hemorrhagic-aplastic-anemia syndrome and gangrenous
      dermatitis.

PMID- 173279
TI  - Hemagglutinating properties of CELO, an oncogenic avian adenovirus.
AB  - Chicken-embryo-lethal-orphan (CELO) virus, Phelps strain, agglutinated
      erythrocytes at 37 C. The hemagglutinating activity, which is a function of
      complete and incomplete virus particles, was sensitive to heat but not to pH. The
      soluble components of the virus were similar in sedimentation characteristics to
      those obtained from human adenovirus type 1. The effects of chemical and physical
      agents on CELO hemagglutinin, CELO infectivity, and red-cell receptors suggested
      that the last were protein in nature and that cell-virus attachment was mediated
      by amino groups on the virion. The attachment of virus to red blood cells via the
      penton projection was demonstrated by electron microscopy.

PMID- 173280
TI  - Variation between electrophoretically identical alleles at the alcohol
      dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster.
AB  - A new variant of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH 7lk) was found in a laboratory stock
      of Drosophila melanogaster. ADH in this stock had the same electrophoretic
      mobility as the F variant both on acrylamide and on agar. Activity levels were
      similar to the levels in F flies at temperature between 15 and 25 C. But while
      ADH F enzyme is inactivated rapidly at 40 C, ADH 7lk is still active. Also, ADH S
      is not inactivated at this temperature, but has a far lower activity per fly than
      ADH 7lk. Genetic analysis showed that the new variant is an allele of the Adh
      locus.

PMID- 173281
TI  - Effects of increased mechanical work by isolated perfused rat heart during
      production or uptake of ketone bodies. Assessment of mitochondrial oxidized to
      reduced free nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide ratios and oxaloacetate
      concentrations.
AB  - Metabolic effects of increased mechanical work were studied by comparing isolated
      pumping rat hearts perfused by the atrial-filling technique with aortic-perfused
      non-pumping hearts perfused by the technique of Langendorff. The initial medium
      usually contained glucose (11 mm) and palmitate (0.6 mm bound to 0.1 mm albumin).
      During increased heart work (comparing pumping with non-pumping hearts) the
      uptake of oxygen and glucose increased threefold, but that of free fatty acids
      was unchanged. Tissue contents of alpha-oxoglutarate, NH4+, malate, lactate,
      pyruvate and Pi rose with increased heart work, but contents of ATP,
      phosphocreatine and citrate fell. Ketone bodies were produced with a ratio of
      beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate of about 3:1 in both pumping and non-pumping
      hearts but with higher net production rates in non-pumping hearts. When ketone
      bodies were added in relatively high concentrations (total 4 mm) to a glucose (11
      mm) medium the medium, ratios of beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate were not
      steady even after 60 min of perfusion. The validity of calculating mitochondrial
      free NAD+/NADH ratios from the tissue contents of the reactants of the glutamate
      dehydrogenase system or the beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase system is
      assessed. The activities of these enzymes are considerably less in the rat heart
      than in the rat liver, introducing reservations into the application to the heart
      of the principles used by Williamson et al. (1967) for calculation of
      mitochondrial free NAD+/NADH ratios of liver mitochondria...

PMID- 173282
TI  - Relationship between elongation factor I- and elongation factor II- dependent
      guanosine triphosphatase activities of ribosomes. Inhibition of both activities
      by ricin.
AB  - The elongation factor 1- and elongation factor 2-dependent GTPase (guanosine
      triphosphatase) activities of ribosomes are inhibited by ricin, a toxic protein
      known to inactivate the 60S ribosomal subunit. It is suggested that also in
      eukaryotic ribosomes a "GTPase site', located on the larger subunit, is common to
      the two elongation factors.

PMID- 173284
TI  - The relationship of calcium to receptor-controlled stimulation of
      phosphatidylinositol turnover. Effects of acetylcholine, adrenaline, calcium
      ions, cinchocaine and a bivalent cation ionophore on rat parotid-gland fragments.
AB  - The possibility that Ca2+ ions are involved in the control of the increased
      phosphatidylinositol turnover which is provoked by alpha-adrenergic or muscarinic
      cholinergic stimulation of rat parotid-gland fragments has been investigated.
      Both types of stimulation provoked phosphatidylinositol breakdown, which was
      detected either chemically or radiochemically, and provoked a compensatory
      synthesis of the lipid, detected as an increased rate of incorporation of 32Pi
      into phosphatidylinositol. Acetylcholine had little effect on the incorporation
      of labelled glycerol, whereas adrenaline stimulated it significantly, but to a
      much lower extent than 32P incorporation: this suggests that the response to
      acetylcholine was entirely accounted for by renewal of the phosphorylinositol
      head-group of the lipid, but that some synthesis de novo was involved in the
      response to adrenaline. The responses to both types of stimulation, whether
      measured as phosphatidylinositol breakdown or as phosphatidylinositol labelling,
      occurred equally well in incubation media containing 2.5 mm-Ca2+ or 0.2 mm-EGTA
      [ethanedioxybis(ethylamine)-tetra-acetic acid]. Incubation with a bivalent cation
      ionophore (A23187) led to a small and more variable increase in
      phosphatidylinositol labelling with 32Pi, which occurred whether or not Ca2+ was
      available in the extracellular medium: this was not accompanied by significant
      phosphatidylinositol breakdown. Cinchocaine, a local anaesthetic, produced
      parallel increases in the incorporation of Pi and glycerol into
      phosphatidylinositol. This is compatible with its known ability to inhibit
      phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.4) and increase phosphatidylinositol
      synthesis de novo in other cells. These results indicate that the
      phosphatidylinositol turnover evoked by alpha-adrenergic or muscarinic
      cholinergic stimuli in rat parotid gland probably does not depend on an influx of
      Ca2+ into the cells in response to stimulation. This is in marked contrast with
      the K+ efflux from this tissue, which is controlled by the same receptors, but is
      strictly dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The Ca2+-independence
      of stimulated phosphatidylinositol metabolism may mean that it is controlled
      through a mode of receptor function different from that which controls other cell
      responses. Alternatively, it can be interpreted as indicating that stimulated
      phosphatidylinositol breakdown is intimately involved in the mechanisms of action
      of alpha-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor systems.

PMID- 173283
TI  - Enhanced synthesis de novo of phosphatidylinositol in lymphocytes treated with
      cationic amphiphilic drugs.
AB  - A variety of amphiphilic cations caused very large increases in the rates of
      incorporation of Pi and glycerol into phosphatidylinositol in pig mesenteric
      small lymphocytes. This synthesis de novo of phosphatidylinositol led to a
      doubling of the phosphatidylinositol concentration in the cells within 3.5 h. The
      increase in synthesis of phosphatidylinositol labelled with [3H]- or [14C]
      glycerol was matched by an approximately equivalent decrease in incorporation of
      glycerol into phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and triacylglycerol.
      Amphilic cations which produced these effects included, in order of decreasing
      effectiveness, trifluoperazine (half-maximal effect at about 70 mum) greater than
      chlorpromazine approximately promethazine approximately imipramine greater than
      cinchocaine greater than amethocaine approximately cetyltrimethylammonium greater
      than fenfluramine greater than amphetamine greater than 2-phenethylamine greater
      than cocaine approximately procaine; the most effective compounds were those with
      the largest and most hydrophobic non-polar substituents. The response to cations
      was not changed by varying the extracellular Ca2+ concentration in the range 10
      nm-1mm. The active amphiphilic cations interacted with anionic phospholipids
      causing aggregation of aqueous dispersions and/or changes in chromatographic
      behaviour. These results indicate that amphiphilic cations redirect glycerolipid
      synthesis de novo, probably owing to inhibition of phosphatidate
      phosphohydrolase, so that phosphatidylinositol synthesis is increased at the
      expense of other glycerolipids.

PMID- 173285
TI  - An investigation of the involvement of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in
      steroidogenesis by using isolated adrenal cell column perfusion.
AB  - The involvement of cyclic AMP in corticosteroidogenesis was investigated by using
      isolated adrenal cell column perfusion. Steroids were produced in response to
      0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg of cyclic AMP/ml. Analysis of the shape of the response
      curves indicated an inverse relationship between rate of onset of steroid
      production and dose. A further increase in steroid production during the washout
      period after the 5 mg/ml dose was considered to indicate an intracellular
      inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP. Release of cyclic AMP into the perfusate only
      occurred in response to supramaximal steroidogenic doses of ACTH
      (adrenocorticotrophin). A connexion between dose and response was demonstrated
      over a narrow concentration range. Variation in the time-lag before cyclic AMP
      production and in the duration of the response was marked; further, no
      reproducible ratio of steroid output to cyclic AMP output was shown at any level
      of stimulation. These results are discussed together with those of other recent
      investigations. It is considered that these findings do not support an obligatory
      role for cyclic AMP as mediator of ACTH action in the adrenal.

PMID- 173286
TI  - Proportional activities of glycerol kinase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      in rat hepatomas.
AB  - The activities of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8), glycerol
      kinase (EC 2.7.1.30), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), "malic' enzyme (L
      malate-NADP+ oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.40) and the beta-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier
      protein) reductase component of the fatty acid synthetase complex were measured
      in nine hepatoma lines (8 in rats, 1 in mouse) and in the livers of host animals.
      With the single exception of Morris hepatoma 16, which had unusually high
      glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, the activities of glycerol 3
      phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol kinase were highly correlated in normal
      livers and hepatomas (r = 0.97; P less than 0.01). The activities of these two
      enzymes were not strongly correlated with the activities of any of the other
      three enzymes. The primary function of hepatic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      appears to be in gluconeogenesis from glycerol.

PMID- 173287
TI  - The stimulation of the phospholipase A2-acylation system of synaptic membranes of
      brain by cyclic nucleotides.
AB  - Hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A2 of synaptic membranes i n
      Tris-CHl buffer was stimulated by cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, cyclic CMP, cyclic UMP
      and adenosine (0.1 mm). In the presence of 1 mm-NaF and cofactors, the same
      cyclic nucleotides and adenosine (10 mm) stimulated the incorporation of added
      oleate into the choline glycerophospholipids of synaptic membranes. Cyclic AMP
      and noradrenaline stimulated the incorporation of added oleate into position 2 of
      choline glycerophospholipid. Stimulation of net acylation was increased by
      preincubation in conditions which stimulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.
      Cyclic AMP only slightly stimulated the transfer of oleate from oleoyl-CoA into
      choline glycerophospholipid. The optimum concentration of CaCl2 for the
      stimulation of hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 by cyclic AMP was 1 mum.
      Stimulation of the incorporation of added oleate was maximal in the CaCl2
      concentration range 1 mum-1mm. MgCl2 also enhanced stimulations, maximum effects
      being obtained with concentrations of 10 mum and 0.5 mm for hydrolysis by
      phospholipase A2 and incorporation of added oleate respectively. ATP enhanced the
      stimulation of incorporation of oleate but had no effect on the cyclic nucleotide
      stimulation of hydrolysis of added phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A2.
      Adenosine, guanosine, ADP and 5'-AMP (all at 1 mm) inhibited the stimulation of
      incorporation of oleate by cyclic nucleotides and inhibited the transfer of
      oleate from oleoyl-CoA to phospholipid. They did not inhibit the stimulation of
      hydrolysis of added phosphatidylcholine (by phospholipase A2) by cyclic
      nucleotides, but inhibited the stimulation by noradrenaline, acetylcholine, 5
      hydroxytryptamine, dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) and histamine.
      Preincubation of synaptic membranes in the water or buffer increased the net
      activity of phospholipase A2. Preincubation with a mixture of ATP and MgCl2
      increased the initial rate of acylation of membrane lipid.

PMID- 173288
TI  - Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in lymphoid tissue. Quantitative aspects of
      [U-14C]glucose oxidation by rat spleen slices.
AB  - When washed spleen slices from fed rats are incubated with 3 mm-[U-14C]glucose,
      the rate of glucose utilization (46.2 mumol/h per g dry wt.) is sufficient to
      account, theoretically, for 80% of the O2 consumption. Measurement of net lactate
      production, however, and the fate of the radioactive carbon, indicates that the
      contribution of glucose to the respiratory fuel of the tissue is only 25-30%
      whereas 60-70% of the glucose utilized is converted into lactate. At saturating
      glucose concentrations (above 5 mm) its contribution to the respiratory fuel of
      the slice is increased to a maximum value of 34-39%. Only 2% of the glucose
      utilized is metabolized via the oxidative steps of the pentose phosphate pathway.
      Starvation for 72 h marginally increases both the rate of glucose utilization (by
      21%) and its net contribution to the respiratory fuel (by 29%). Insulin,
      glucagon, adrenaline and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate have no significant
      effect on either the rate of glucose utilization or on the pattern of radioactive
      isotope distribution. The uptake of glucose is increased by only 20%, whereas the
      production of lactate doubles when slices are incubated under anaerobic
      conditions. In assessing the suitability of spleen slices for metabolic studies,
      the only serious major perturbation, compared with the freeze-clamped organ, is
      an elevated mitochondrial [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio (connected with increased
      endogenous NH3 production) that is partially restored to normal values on
      incubation with glucose. Equal proportions of erythrocytes and leucocytes are
      found in the washed spleen slice. Metabolic contributions of the constituent cell
      populations in the washed slice are calculated and it is concluded that
      lymphocytes account for the major part of the glycolytic metabolism (80-90%),
      whereas the contribution of erythrocytes is insignificant.

PMID- 173289
TI  - The effects of adenine nucleotides and guanine nucleotides on urate synthesis de
      novo by isolated chick liver and kidney cells.
AB  - Isolated chick liver and kidney cells produce urate de novo from glycine, and
      this is partially inhibited by 1 mm-AMP and by 1 mm-GMP in liver cells but not in
      kidney cells. Azaserine fully inhibits this synthesis de novo, but attempts to
      isolate formylglycine amide ribonucleotide from azaserine-blocked cells were
      unsuccessful.

PMID- 173290
TI  - The phosphorylation of troponin I from cardiac muscle.
AB  - 1. Troponin I isolated from fresh cardiac muscle by affinity chromatography
      contains about 1.9 mol of covalently bound phosphate/mol. Similar preparations of
      white-skeletal-muscle troponin I contain about 0.5 mol of phosphate/mol. 2. A
      3':5'-cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and a protein phosphatase are
      associated with troponin isolated from cardiac muscle. 3. Bovine cardiac 3':5'
      cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase catalyses the phosphorylation of cardiac
      troponin I 30 times faster than white-skeletal-muscle troponin I. 4. Troponin I
      is the only component of cardiac troponin phosphorylated at a significant rate by
      the endogenous or a bovine cardiac 3':5'-cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. 5.
      Phosphorylase kinase catalyses the phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I at
      similar or slightly faster rates than white-skeletal-muscle troponin I. 6.
      Troponin C inhibits the phosphorylation of cardiac and skeletal troponin I
      catalysed by phosphorylase kinase and the phosphorylation of white skeletal
      troponin I catalysed by 3':5'-cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase; the
      phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I catalysed by the latter enzyme is not
      inhibited.

PMID- 173291
TI  - Electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopy of iron-binding fragments of hen
      ovotransferrins.
AB  - 1. It is confirmed that there are two e.p.r. (electron-paramagnetic-resonance)
      signals associated with fully loaded ovotransferrin, which has two iron-binding
      sites. 2. Through experiments in which either of the two sites of whole
      ovotransferrin is occupied, the other being empty, the first occupied site is
      shown to belong to the N-terminal region of the protein; the second occupied site
      is in the C-terminal region. 3. When the protein is cleaved with trypsin or
      subtilisin, the N-terminal fragments are spectroscopically similar to the
      monoferric ovotransferrin complexes in which the iron atom occupies the N
      terminal or C-terminal site respectively. Each fragment displays the same two
      e.p.r. signals, though not in the same proportions. 4. Computer summations of the
      e.p.r. spectra confirm that there is no iron-iron interaction which affects the
      spin Hamiltonian parameters at the iron-binding sites.

PMID- 173292
TI  - Oxidase-peroxidase enzymes of Datura innoxia. Oxidation of reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide in the presence of formylphenylacetic acid ethyl ester.
AB  - The oxidase-peroxidase from Datura innoxia which catalyses the oxidation of
      formylphenylacetic acid ethyl ester to benzoylformic acid ethyl ester and formic
      acid was also found to catalyse the oxidation of NADH in the presence of Mn2+ and
      formylphenylacetic acid ethyl ester. NADH was not oxidized in the absence of
      formylphenylacetic acid ethyl ester, although formylphenylacetonitrile or
      phenylacetaldehyde could replace it in the reaction. The reaction appeared to be
      complex and for every mol of NADH oxidized 3-4 g-atoms of oxygen were utilized,
      with a concomitant formation of approx. 0.8 mol of H2O2, the latter being
      identified by the starch-iodide test and decomposition by catalase. Benzoylformic
      acid ethyl ester was also formed in the reaction, but in a nonlinear fashion,
      indicating a lag phase. In the absence of Mn2+, NADH oxidation was not only very
      low, but itself inhibited the formation of benzoylformic acid ethyl ester from
      formylphenylacetic acid ethyl ester. A reaction mechanism for the oxidation of
      NADH in the presence of formylphenylacetic acid ethyl ester is proposed.

PMID- 173293
TI  - Ox liver glutamate dehydrogenase. The role of lysine-126 reappraised in the light
      of studies of inhibition and inactivation by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
AB  - The time-course of inactivation of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase by
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was studied in the presence of varied amounts of 2
      oxoglutarate or NADH. Pseudo-first-order analysis reveals that the protection by
      both these compounds is competitive with respect to the chemical modifier. The
      competition is only partial, however: saturation with either NADH or 2
      oxoglutarate decreases the rate constant for inactivation to a finite minimum and
      not to zero. Similarly, the plot of activity at equilibrium as a function of the
      concentration of the protecting substrate or coenzyme reveals that neither NADH
      nor 2-oxoglutarate protects completely against inactivation. In initial-rate
      experiments, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, used as an instantaneous inhibitor rather
      than a long-term inactivator, displayed non-competitive inhibition with respect
      to both 2-oxoglutarate and NADH. These results clearly indicate that, although
      there is mutual hindrance between the binding to the enzyme of pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate, on the one hand, and 2-oxoglutarate or NADH on the other, binding is
      not mutually exclusive. These findings are discussed in terms of the two-step
      mechanism for inactivation by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. It is concluded that lysine
      126 cannot be solely responsible for binding either the substrate or the
      coenzyme, but could be essential for the catalytic step.

PMID- 173294
TI  - Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. A study of the essential lysine residue.
AB  - 1. The inactivation of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate in phosphate buffer, pH8, at 10 degrees C was investigated. Activity
      declines to a minimum value determined by the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
      concentration. The maximum inactivation in a single treatment is 75%. This limit
      appears to be set by the ratio of the first-order rate constants for
      interconversion of inactive covalently modified enzyme and a readily dissociable
      non-covalent enzyme-modifier complex. 2. Reactivation was virtually complete on
      150-fold dilution: first-order analysis yielded an estimate of the rate constant
      (0.164min-1), which was then used in the kinetic analysis of the forward
      inactivation reaction. This provided estimates for the rate constant for
      conversion of non-covalent complex into inactive enzyme (0.465 min-1) and the
      dissociation constant of the non-covalent complex (2.8 mM). From the two first
      order constants, the minimum attainable activity in a single cycle of treatment
      may be calculated as 24.5%, very close to the observed value. 3. Successive
      cycles of modification followed by reduction with NaBH4 each decreased activity
      by the same fraction, so that three cycles with 3.6 mM-pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
      decreased specific activity to about 1% of the original value. The absorption
      spectrum of the enzyme thus treated indicated incorporation of 2-3 mol of
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per mol of subunit, covalently bonded to lysine residues.
      4. NAD+ and NADH protected the enzyme completely against inactivation by
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, but ethanol and acetaldehyde were without effect. 5.
      Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate used as an inhibitor in steady-state experiments, rather
      than as an inactivator, was non-competitive with respect to both NADH and
      acetaldehyde. 6. The partially modified enzyme (74% inactive) showed unaltered
      apparent Km values for NAD+ and ethanol, indicating that modified enzyme is
      completely inactive, and that the residual activity is due to enzyme that has not
      been covalently modified. 7. Activation by methylation with formaldehyde was
      confirmed, but this treatment does not prevent subsequent inactivation with
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Presumably different lysine residues are involved. 8. It
      is likely that the essential lysine residue modified by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is
      involved either in binding the coenzymes or in the catalytic step. 9. Less
      detailed studies of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase suggest that this enzyme also
      possesses an essential lysine residue.

PMID- 173296
TI  - A pitfall in the interpretation of data on ligand-protein interaction.
AB  - Binding reactions are usually investigated by separation of free and bound
      labelled ligand. Underestimation of the amount bound leads to inaccurate
      estimation of the dissociation constant and to wrong conclusions on the validity
      of the model of binding. The activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase is
      treated as an example.

PMID- 173295
TI  - Kinetic studies on (N-formyltryptophyl)cytochrome c.
AB  - The formylation of the ring nitrogen atom of the tryptophan residue in cytochrome
      c was carried out and consequent changes in the kinetic properties of the protein
      were investigated. The reduction of formylated cytochrome c by Cr2+ was studied
      by stopped-flow techniques. At pH 6.5 the reduction process shows the presence of
      two phases. One phase (k = 4 X 10(4) M-1-s-1) is dependent on Cr2+ concentration
      and one phase (k = 5.0 s-1) is not. A study of the temperature dependence of the
      two phases yields values for their activation energies of 38.6kJ-mol-1 and 42.4kJ
      mol-1 respectively. The reaction of the reduced formylated cytochrome c with CO
      was followed by means of both stopped-flow techniques and flash photolysis. The
      combination with CO at pH 6.8 measured in stopped-flow experiments shows two
      phases, both dependent on the concentration of CO (k1 = 1.8 X 10(2) M-1-s-1). If
      CO was dissociated from the protein by photolysis and then allowed to recombine
      with it, it was found to do so in a simple manner, at a rate which depended on
      the concentration of CO (k = 1.9 X 10(2) M-1-s-1). A tentative model which can
      accommodate these findings is proposed. The reaction of the oxidized form of
      formylated cytochrome c with NO was followed by means of stopped-flow techniques.
      The reaction was found to be biphasic with one phase dependent on the
      concentration of NO (k = 2.8 X 10(3) M-1-s-1) and one phase (k = 0.2x-1)
      independent of the concentration of NO. This behaviour is compared with that of
      the native molecule. A comparison of these kinetic observations with those on
      other tryptophan-specific modifications leads to the conclusion that the main
      alteration in kinetic properties is due, not to the nature of the modifying
      group, but rather to the disruption of the normal environment of the haem.

PMID- 173297
TI  - Metabolic regulation of beta-galactosidase synthesis in Escherichia coli. A test
      for constitutive ribosome synthesis.
AB  - The rate of differential synthesis of beta-galactosidase (alphalac) was measured
      in maximally induced cultures of Escherichia coli B/r with 0.01 M-inducer and
      0.01 M-cyclic AMP. The value of alphalac decreases with growth rate (60% between
      0.67 and 2.1 doublings/h) and after a nutritional shift-up. This decrease is
      presumed to reflect a decrease in the intracellular concentration of free active
      RNA polymerase after a shift-up, which implies that the increase in ribosome
      synthesis after a shift-up is due to an active induction of the ribosomal
      components.

PMID- 173298
TI  - Utilization of gluconate by Escherichia coli. A role of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic
      monophosphate in the induction of gluconate catabolism.
AB  - 1. Cultures of Escherichia coli growing on gluconate use both gluconate and
      glucose when glucose is added. 2. Glycerol-grown cells adapt to gluconate
      utilization even in media containing glucose as well as gluconate. 3. The rates
      of gluconate utilization by cells growing on a mixture of glucose and gluconate,
      and the specific activities of the gluconate uptake system and of gluconate
      kinase, are greater if adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is
      present in the medium than in its absence. 4. Growth on media containing
      gluconate and cyclic AMP is accompanied by the formation of methyl glyoxal and
      pyruvate, and progressive inhibition of growth. 5. A mutant devoid of adenylate
      cyclase activity (cya) grew well on glucose in the absence of exogenous cyclic
      AMP but grew only poorly on gluconate; neither the gluconate uptake system nor
      gluconate kinase was adequately induced. The addition of cyclic AMP promoted
      growth on gluconate and facilitated the induction of proteins required for
      gluconate catabolism. 6. Phage Pl-mediated transduction of cya+ into the cya
      mutant also restored the wild-type phenotype in its ability to adapt to gluconate
      utilization.

PMID- 173299
TI  - Regulation of citrate synthase activity in methylotrophs by reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide, adenine nucleotides and 2-oxoglutarate.
AB  - Citrate synthase from two typical facultative methylotrophs, but not from four
      obligate methylotrophs or from two restricted facultative methylotrophs, is
      inhibited by 0.1 mM-NADH. ATP or ADP (both at 10mM) inhibits all the citrate
      synthases, whereas 2-oxoglutarate (10mM) inhibits those from only three of the
      eight methylotrophs.

PMID- 173300
TI  - Subcellular localization of superoxide dismutase in rat liver.
AB  - The subcellular localization of superoxide dismutase was investigated in rat
      liver homogenates. Most of the superoxide dismutase activity is present in the
      soluble fraction (84%), the rest being associated with mitochondria. No
      indications for the occurrence of superoxide dismutase in other subcellular
      structures, particularly in peroxisomes, was found. Mitochondrial activity is not
      due to adsorption, since the sedimentable activity is essentially latent.
      Subfractionation of mitochondria by hypo-osmotic shock and sonication shows that
      half of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity is localized in the
      intermembrane space, the rest of the enzyme being a component of the matrix
      space. In non-ionic media the matrix enzyme is, however, adsorbed to the inner
      membrane, from which it can be desorbed by low (0.04M) concentration of KCl.
      Superoxide dismutase activity was found in all rat organs investigated. Maximal
      activity of the enzyme is observed in liver, adrenals and kidney. In adrenals,
      the highest specific activity is associated with the medulla.

PMID- 173302
TI  - Influence of anti-oestrogens on the specific binding in vitro of (3H)oestradiol
      by cytosol of rat mammary tumours and human breast carcinomata.
AB  - The anti-oestrogenic potential of two nitrogen-mustard-containing compounds,
      I.C.I. 79792 and I.C.I. 85966, was studied. I.C.I. 85966 usually did not decrease
      specific binding of [3H]oestradiol by breast-tumour cytoplasmic proteins. I.C.I.
      79792 decreased specific [3H]oestradiol binding, but not to the same extent as
      similar concentrations of I.C.I. 46474, diethylstilboestrol or
      dibutyldihydrostilboestrol.

PMID- 173303
TI  - Diverse directional changes of cGMP relative to cAMP in E. coli.

PMID- 173301
TI  - Stimulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (guanosine triphosphate)
      activity by low concentrations of circulating glucose in perfused rat liver.
AB  - 1. After nicotinic acid treatment, rat liver glycogen is depleted and
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity increased, to about twice the initial
      value. 2. The increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity promoted by
      nicotinic acid is prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, suggesting that
      this effect is produced by synthesis of the enzyme de novo. 3. Despite the
      enhancement of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and glycogen depletion,
      which occurs 5h after the injection of nicotinic acid, the gluconeogenic capacity
      of liver is low and considerably less than the values found in rats starved for
      48h. 4. When the livers of well-fed rats are perfused in the presence of low
      concentrations of glucose, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      significantly increases compared with the control. 5. This increase is not
      related to the glycogen content, but seems to be also the result of synthesis of
      the enzyme de novo, since this effect is counteracted by previous treatment with
      cycloheximide or actinomycin D. 6. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity is
      not increased in the presence of low concentrations of circulating glucose when
      40 mM-imidazole (an activator of phosphodiesterase) is added to the perfusion
      medium. 7. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP to the perfusion medium results in an
      increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, in spite of the presence
      of normal concentrations of circulating glucose. On the other hand, the
      concentration of cyclic AMP in the liver increases when that of glucose in the
      medium is low. 8. These results suggest that, in the absence of hormonal factors,
      the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase can be accomplished by
      glucose itself, inadequate concentrations of it resulting in the induction of the
      enzyme. The mediator in this regulation, as in hormonal regulation, seems to be
      cyclic AMP.

PMID- 173304
TI  - Liver peptide stabilizing factor protects phosphofructokinase against
      inactivation by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.

PMID- 173305
TI  - Diadenosine triphosphate splitting by rat liver extracts.

PMID- 173306
TI  - Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase: polyamines inhibit the
      activity and modify the activating effect of 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate.

PMID- 173308
TI  - Effects of somatostatin on pancreatic exocrine function. Interaction with
      secretin.

PMID- 173307
TI  - Protein kinases in hepatoma, and adult and fetal liver of the rat. I. Subcellular
      distribution.

PMID- 173309
TI  - Stimulation of virus-induced fusion of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by 3',5'
      cyclic AMP.

PMID- 173310
TI  - Initiation of transcription is temperature-dependent in an E. coli mutant with ts
      adenylate kinase.

PMID- 173312
TI  - The relationship of phosphodiesterase to the developmental cycle of Dictyostelium
      discoideum.

PMID- 173311
TI  - The photogeneration of superoxide by isolated photoreaction center from
      Rhodospirillum rubrum.

PMID- 173315
TI  - Inhibition of the binding of progesterone receptor to nuclei: effects of o
      phenanthroline and rifamycin AF/013.

PMID- 173314
TI  - Binding of thyrotropin releasing hormone and prolactin release by synchronized
      GH3 rat pituitary cell line.

PMID- 173313
TI  - Concanavalin A induced glucocorticoid resistance in rat thymocytes in relation to
      glucose metabolism and glucocorticoid receptors.

PMID- 173316
TI  - Androgen dependency of the androgen receptor in rat epididymis.

PMID- 173317
TI  - A simple and sensitive competitive protein-binding assay for cyclic GMP.

PMID- 173318
TI  - Nucleotide sequences in the RNA of mammalian leukemia and sarcoma viruses.

PMID- 173319
TI  - Phase transitions in lipid membranes induced by carcinogenic aromatic
      hydrocarbons. A spin label study.

PMID- 173320
TI  - E.P.R. spectra of iron-sulphur proteins in dimethylsulphoxide solutions: evidence
      that chloroplast photosystem I particles contain 4Fe-4S centres.

PMID- 173321
TI  - Terminal fragments of herpes simplex virus DNA produced by restriction
      endonuclease.

PMID- 173322
TI  - A spin probe approach for measuring the nucleic acid affinity of gene 32 protein.

PMID- 173323
TI  - Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors: evidence for association with nucleolar
      chromatin.

PMID- 173324
TI  - The effect of Ca2+ on the oxidation of exogenous NADH by rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 173326
TI  - Uptake of glycerol by tumor cells and its control by glucose.

PMID- 173325
TI  - Adrenal medullary cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase: lack of activation by the
      calcium-dependent regulator.

PMID- 173327
TI  - Differential effect of ATP on RNA and DNA release from nuclei of normal and
      neoplastic liver.

PMID- 173328
TI  - Effect of calcium on cyclic AMP-dependent and cyclic GMP-dependent endogenous
      protein phosphorylation in mouse brain cytosol.

PMID- 173329
TI  - Studies on the mode of action of calciferol. X. 24-Nor-25-hydroxyvitamin D3, an
      analog of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 having "anti-vitamin" activity.

PMID- 173330
TI  - Localization of the cyclic adenosine 3' : 5' -monophosphate phosphodiesterase
      activator protein in rat heart.

PMID- 173331
TI  - EPR study of 17O nuclear hyperfine interaction in cobalt-oxyhemoglobin:
      conformation of bound oxygen.

PMID- 173332
TI  - Manganese as a mutagenic agent during in vitro DNA synthesis.

PMID- 173333
TI  - Anomalous side chain amidation in plasma membrane proteins of simian virus 40
      transformed lymphocytes indicated by isoelectric focussing and laser Raman
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 173334
TI  - Gangliosides in blood serum of normal rats and Morris hepatoma 5123tc-bearing
      rats.

PMID- 173335
TI  - Evidence for the preferential binding of the catabolite gene activator protein
      (CAP) to DNA containing the lac promoter.

PMID- 173336
TI  - Superoxide dismutase does not inhibit the oxidation of cytochrome c and
      cytochrome oxidase.

PMID- 173337
TI  - Triiodothyronine binding proteins in rat liver cytosol.

PMID- 173338
TI  - The role of catalytic superoxide formation in the O2 inhibition of
      nitroreductase.

PMID- 173339
TI  - Induction of thymidylate synthetase activity in Tetrahymena by cyclic guanosine
      monophosphate.

PMID- 173340
TI  - Evidence for ceruloplasmin as a copper transport protein.

PMID- 173341
TI  - Regulation of ketone body production from (14C)palmitate in rat liver
      mitochondria: effects of cyclic  nucleotides and unlabeled fatty acids.

PMID- 173342
TI  - CYP3 a likely candidate for the structural gene of ISO-2 cytochrome C in
      Saccaromyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 173343
TI  - A Glycosphingolipid spin label: Ca2+ effects on sphingolipid distribution in
      bilayers containing phosphatidyl serine.

PMID- 173344
TI  - Inositol is the water-soluble product of acetylcholine-stimulated breakdown of
      phosphatidylinositol in mouse pancreas.

PMID- 173345
TI  - Review of articular cartilage collagen research.

PMID- 173346
TI  - Recent advances in the identification of enzyme abnormalities underlying
      excessive purine synthesis in man.
AB  - Work is continuing in the attempt to increase knowledge of the regulation of the
      rate of purine synthesis in man by means of an analysis of biochemical
      alterations leading to purine overproduction among patients with gout. The
      authors are now assessing the frequency of kinetic mutations in enzymes whose
      alterations already have been associated with increased purine synthesis. Efforts
      in this regard have been rewarded by the identification of a new form of
      alteration leading to partial deficiency of HGPRT and a kinetic variant of PRPP
      synthetase with increased affinity for ribose-5-phosphate. In order to identify
      new forms of enzyme abnormalities associated with excessive purine synthesis, the
      value of a proposed classification scheme requiring measurement of PRPP and
      ribose-5-phosphate concentration and generation is being assessed in cultured
      fibroblasts. It is hoped that the results of these measurements will lead to the
      identification of additional kinetic variants of presently known enzyme
      abnormalities and will help to identify new classes of mutants in the regulation
      of human purine metabolism. The excessive purine synthesis that underlies the
      hyperuricemia of a substantial number of patients with gouty arthritis reflects
      alterations in the normal mechanism regulating the rate of purine nucleotide
      synthesis. The study of such purine "overproducers" has provided insight into the
      nature of this regulatory mechanism and has underscored the diversity of specific
      genetic and biochemical aberrations affecting it. Despite these advances,
      however, less than 10% of all patients with gout and excessive purine production
      can presently be accounted for by known enzyme abnormalities (1). Recognition
      that current knowledge of the regulation of the rate of purine nucleotide
      synthesis in man is incomplete has provided the authors impetus leading to the
      studies described here, which are preceded by a brief review of background.

PMID- 173347
TI  - Overproduction of uric acid in primary gout.

PMID- 173348
TI  - Disorders associated with hyperuricemia.

PMID- 173349
TI  - Comparison of sodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate crystal phagocytosis by
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Effects of crystal size and other factors.

PMID- 173350
TI  - [Studies on the influence of anticoagulants on metastase formation of
      autochthonic hepatomas in the rat (author's transl)].
AB  - The frequency of metastases of malignant diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatomas and
      haemangioendotheliomas of the liver of female Sprague-Dawley rats (29%) was not
      influenced by application of acetyl-salicylic acid or phenprocoumon. Likewise the
      anticoagulants did not alter tumor yields and induction periods.

PMID- 173351
TI  - [Experimental results with systematically synthetized substances for antiviral
      chemotherapy / 4th communication: The role of physical binding in the synthesis
      of antiviral chemotherapeutics and its influence on potential mutagenic effects
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 13 antiviral substances containing specific hydrogen bridge linkage systems out
      of the classes of 2-substituted 4-phenylthiazoles, 4-phenylimidazoles and
      indandiones-(1,3) were tested for their mutagenic potency in the host-mediated
      assay, in bone marrow of rats, in spermatogonia of mice and in the micronucleus
      test of rats. Only one substance, N1-methyl-N2-[4-phenylthiazolyl-(2)]-urea, was
      found to be mutagenic. This fact substantiates the hypothesis that the antiviral
      effectiveness of the substances is not caused by a chemical change in the coding
      system but by forming "physical" linkages like hydrogen bridge complexes with
      coding structures. Altogether 159 compounds of very different structures were
      investigated for their antiviral chemotherapeutic potency in 893 tests in cell
      cultures and 461 animal tests. It can be stated that compounds with a low
      molecular weight containing the "effective structures" (see article) show a
      larger yield of antiviral compounds than do substances without these structures
      (about 50% positive results in cell cultures and 25% in animals 15% and 0%,
      respectively).

PMID- 173352
TI  - [Studies on the antigenicity of synthetic ACTH (beta1-24-corticotropin) in normal
      subjects (author's transl)].
AB  - 9 healthy volunteers were subjected to a 3-week treatment with synthetic ACTH.
      Antibody response against beta1-24-corticotropin (Synacthen) was tested by
      passive transfer in the Prausnitz-Kustner reaction, complement fixation, passive
      hemagglutination and agar-gel diffusion. Failure of the healthy persons to
      produce reaginic or non-reaginic antibodies is compared titerature.

PMID- 173353
TI  - Metabolism of lipoproteins in nonhuman primates. Reduced secretion of very low
      density lipoproteins in squirrel monkeys with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - We have studied the effects of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia on the rates of
      secretion of triglycerides into the plasma of fasted squirrel monkeys. Two groups
      of monkeys were studied: control animals which were fed a semipurified diet not
      associated with hyperlipemia (plasma cholesterol 127 +/- 8 mg/100 ml), and
      animals made hypercholesterolemic (plasma cholesterol 307 +/- 31 mg/100 ml) by
      being fed a diet containing 25% butter and 0.5% cholesterol. After intravenous
      infusion of Triton WR 1339 (300 mg/kg body wt), plasma triglycerides increased
      almost linearly for 9-12 hours. Analysis of individual lipoproteins separated by
      ultracentrifugation showed that newly secreted triglycerides were present almost
      exclusively in the very low density lipoprotein fraction. The rates of
      triglyceride secretion in the hypercholesterolemic group of monkeys (5.15 +/-
      0.86 mg/kg/hr) were less than half those of the control animals (10.96 +/- 2.15
      mg/kg/hr). We suggest that in monkeys with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia high
      concentrations of plasma low density lipoproteins may inhibit the synthesis
      and/or secretion of their parent very low density lipoprotein molecules into the
      circulation.

PMID- 173354
TI  - Chylomicron formation and composition in unanaesthetised rabbits.
AB  - Emulsified lipid was infused steadily into the upper small intestine of
      unanaesthetised rabbits for 6 h and 24 h periods. Lymph was collected from a
      thoracic duct cannula, the output of infused lipids was measured and the lymph
      chylomicrons were isolated. Recovery of infused triacylglycerol was 63 +/- 6.4%
      and recovery of infused radioactive cholesterol was 24 +/- 4.2% during a 24 h
      period. There was considerable dilution of radioactive exogenous cholesterol with
      endogenous cholesterol. Provided that absorption was well-established most
      exogenous lipid was present in the lymph in the form of chylomicrons, and there
      was a close relationship between lipid content of the lymph and the presence of
      chylomicrons. During absorption of fats of differing fatty acid composition
      chylomicrons remained the predominant transport form in the lymph. Chylomicrons
      obtained during absorption of several fats have been analysed in detail. The
      protein, phospholipid, free and esterified cholesterol content of these
      chylomicrons varies within narrow limits. The fatty acid composition of
      chylomicron triacylglycerols reflects the type of fat in the test meal but the
      composition of chylomicron phospholipids and cholesteryl esters shows clear
      discrimination. During absorption of coconut oil there is a strong negative
      discrimination towards lauric acid both for cholesteryl esters and for
      phospholipids.

PMID- 173355
TI  - Properties of two pig low density lipoproteins prepared by zonal
      ultracentrifugation.
AB  - Pig plasma lipoproteins were separted into four density classes (very low
      density, two low density and high density lipoproteins, VLDL, LDL1, LDL2 and HDL
      respectively) from 670 ml plasma by ultracentrifugation in a continuous density
      gradient using the Spinco Ti15 zonal rotor. LDL1 and LDL2 were partly
      characterised. LDL1 and LDL2 are beta-migrating lipoproteins of different size
      and hydrated density; they are similar to human LDL2 and LDL3 respectively. Pig
      plasma contains about twice as much LDL1 as LDL2. LDL1 migrates at Sf 4.9 (modal
      value), and has a mean diameter of 217 A and a modal density of 1.035 g/ml (range
      1.03-1.04 g/ml). LDL2 migrates at Sf 1.8 and has a mean diameter of 195 A and a
      density of 1.050 g/ml. Both lipoproteins are precipitated by heparin and Mn++ or
      by dextran sulphate and Ca++. The apoproteins of LDL1 and LDL2 are both largely
      insoluble in 8 M urea solution. When dissolved in 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate
      solution and electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gel at pH 7.0, the apoproteins of
      LDL1 and LDL2 formed a pattern of multiple bands of high molecular weight similar
      to that obtained from the apoprotein of human LDL. Both LDL1 and LDL2 share a
      major antigen with each other and with VLDL; in this respect again they resemble
      human LDL. The amino acid compositions of LDL1 and LDL2 are very similar. We
      concluded that the apoprotein moieties of pig plasma LDL1 and LDL2 are probably
      identical, and similar to apoprotein B in human serum. Zonal ultracentifugation
      has proved to be a rapid and effective method for isolating large quantities of
      these two lipoprotein classes for further metabolic studies. This method allows
      rapid bulk preparation of lipoproteins, and provides a record of their
      distribution and quantity in a continuous density gradient.

PMID- 173356
TI  - The plasma and tissue turnover and distribution of two radio-iodine-labelled pig
      plasma low density lipoproteins.
AB  - Two classes of pig plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL1 and LDL2) with different
      densities and molecular sizes were isolated by zonal ultracentrifugation and were
      further purified by flotation. The peptide component was iodinated with 125I, and
      the labelled lipoprotein was injected intravenously. 125I-LDL1 turnover studies
      were performed on 22 3-4 month old female Large White pigs, and 125I-LDL2
      turnover studies on 4 similar pigs. A biological screening experiment confirmed
      that the shape of the plasma activity curve was not a function of protein
      denaturation. The pattern of radioactivity decline in plasma was not affected by
      the degree of LDL iodination. 125I-LDL1 turnover: The curve of plasma
      radioactivity plotted against time over the first 5 days after injection could be
      resolved into two exponentials. The plasma biological half-life (T 1/2) was
      calculated from the slower exponential predominant from the second day. The mean
      T 1/2 over 2-5 days was 22.9 hr (range 17.2-28.5 hr). Multicompartmental analysis
      of the plasma decay curve using an open mammillary model gave a mean fractional
      catabolic rate per day for LDL1 of 1.4 (range 0.9-1.9). The mean T 1/2 was 0.26
      0.31 times and the fractional catabolic rate 3.0-3.9 times those values found in
      two studies on adult humans. The tissue distribution of 125I was analysed in a
      series of 20 animals killed from 1.0 to 33.8 days after 125I-LDL1 injection. Most
      tissue 125I (86-89%) was protein bound. An appropriate correction was made to the
      125I counts for retained plasma in liver and spleen (using 131I-albumin);
      retained plasma in other tissues was negligible. Highest 125I tissue levels were
      found in the liver, supporting other evidence that the liver may be the major
      site of LDL1 catabolism. After 2.06 and 4.06 days the livers in two animals
      contained 1.6% and 0.7% respectively of the total injected 125I, equal to 33% and
      54% of the total plasma 125I at those times. The skin contained about one-third
      to one-ninth the 125I in the liver at various times. Distribution in other organs
      was quantitatively minimal. Higher levels of radioactivity were found in the
      intima and inner media of the aorta than in the outer media. These results
      suggest that plasma LDL in the pig diffuses through the endothelial surface into
      the arterial wall. These findings are confirmed by autoradiography. 125I-LDL2
      turnover: Parallel studies of plasma 125I-LDL2 turnover and tissue distribution
      were performed. The plasma biological decay curve was multi-exponential,
      suggesting that LDL2 metabolism is complex, and possibly more rapid than that of
      LDL1 (LDL2 is smaller and denser than LDL1). The tissue distribution of 125I-LDL2
      in these pigs was very similar to that of 125I-LDL1. As LDL1 and LDL2 differ in
      the amount of lipid they contain, they may have different roles to play in lipid
      transport, and there may be interconversion of one into the other at different
      sites. This hypothesis remains conjectural.

PMID- 173374
TI  - [Determination of anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies by the immunoperoxidase method:
      comparison with the methods of complement fixation and immunofluorescence].
AB  - Indirect immunoperoxidase technique (IIP) has been employed for determination of
      IgG antibody titer to cytomegalovirus (CMV) in sera from 110 blood donors. Titers
      have been compared with complement fixation (CF) and indirect fluorescent
      antibody (IFA) technique titers, the latter being applied to determination of all
      specific antibody classes. Within variability range of the quality of reagents
      employed in different tests, it seems reasonable to conclude IIP technique is as
      sensitive as IFA and much more sensitive than CF test. Considering CF test is
      able to detect only IgG antibody, the advantage of using immunohistochemical
      techniques is obvious. Moreover IIP does not need fluorescence microscope and
      results reading is easier and can be delayed. Non-specific staining of Golgi area
      is shared by both techniques, but endpoint determination has to take into account
      only the nuclear virus-specific inclusion labelling.

PMID- 173375
TI  - [The immunoperoxidase technic in the rapid identification of human
      cytomegalovirus on primary isolation].
AB  - Immunoperoxidase technique has been applied to the rapid identification of human
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) strains on primary isolation. Negative and positive results
      have been constantly confirmed by indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFA)
      and by electron microscopy. Using either direct or indirect method it was
      observed that problems of nonspecific staining of uninfected cells were
      encountered mostly with direct method, probably because of the lower working
      dilution of the conjugate (1:20) as compared with higher conjugate dilution used
      for indirect method (1:150). However, nonspecific cytoplasmic stain of Golgi area
      of infected cells was observed also with indirect method. Pathogenesis of
      nonspecific labelling of this area is discussed. Application of the
      immunoperoxidase technique directly into tubes on primary isolation allows to
      reduce identification time in comparison with IFA technique and is less
      cumbersome and time-consuming than complement fixation and neutralization tests.

PMID- 173376
TI  - Intranuclear inclusions in shope fibroma virus infected cells.
AB  - The presence of nuclear inclusions consisting of accumulated filamentous material
      has been observed in Shope fibroma virus infected cells, analogously to what has
      been demonstrated in other poxvirus infected cells.

PMID- 173377
TI  - Interaction of Sendai virus with human erythrocytes. III. Further investigation
      on the effects of pyridine on the virus envelope.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the pyridine-treated Sendai virus has further been
      investigated by electron microscopy of chemically fixed and negatively stained
      virions. Marked changes in the ultrastructural appearance of the viral envelope
      have been detected. The extent of these changes depends on pyridine dose and
      ranges from minor extraction of the outer track components to multiple breaks and
      disintegration of the whole envelope. At 16% pyridine a fragmentation of viral
      nucleocapsid has also been noted. Both the nature of these changes and the fact
      that even fully burst viral particles can eventually retain regularly-arranged
      spikes, strongly suggest that pyridine primarily affects the organization of the
      double-track viral membrane, probably by sequential extraction of lipids and
      protein components. The results are discussed in the light of the selective
      property of pyridine in discriminating among the biological activities of the
      Sendai virus and give additional support to the idea that phospholipids and a
      glycoprotein spike play cooperative roles in the hemolytic activity of the virus.

PMID- 173378
TI  - [Effect of cyclic nucleotides on the transformation and proliferation of
      lymphocytes].
AB  - When the studies on the immunologic system have met with the "second messenger"
      hypothesis of the cyclic nucleotides, new ideas have arisen about mechanisms
      regulating the immunologic reactions. Several works sustain a specific action of
      cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP to modulate the immunologic system, but the more subtle
      actions must be discovered. A hypothesis which attributes the control-task of the
      cellular functions to the c-AMP/c-GMP relation is presented.

PMID- 173379
TI  - Characterization of the T antigen induced by SV40.
AB  - 3 or 4 antigenic SV40 specific components were established in hamster tumors
      induced by SV40-transformed cells, using linear sucrose gradient centrifugation
      and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The lightest component, approximate
      molecular weight 21,000, did not inhibit the nuclear staining of SV40-transformed
      cells in the fluorescent antibody inhibition test.

PMID- 173381
TI  - The occurrence of vacuolated neurons in the brains of hamsters affected with
      subacute sclerosing encephalitis following measles or Langat virus infection.
AB  - Hamsters infected by the intranasal route with either hamster adapted Langat
      virus passaged at least 10 times in hamsters and the HNT strain of measles virus
      passaged 149 times in hamsters, developed subacute sclerotic lesions in the
      pyriform cortex, and beginning from 2 months after infection, were accompanied by
      neuronal vacuolation with ballooning of the cytoplasm, especially in parts of the
      brain in close proximity of the sclerotic lesions. The vacuolated neurons
      resembled those seen in scrapie, especially of sheep and goats, suggesting a
      similarity between the effects of slow and subacute viral infections.

PMID- 173380
TI  - Renal subcellular fractions producing angionecrosis and increased vascular
      permeability.
AB  - In order to define the subcellular localization and characters of substances in
      the rat kidney which increase vascular permeability and produce angionecrosis,
      the following investigations have been undertaken: (1) subcellular fractionation
      by use of differential centrifugation and osmotic shock treatment with enzyme
      profile determination; (2) chromatographic separation of lysosomal contents with
      concanavalin A affinity column. Lysomal contents contained substances that
      induced an increase of vascular permeability of the rabbit skin and angionecrosis
      in the pancreas of the bilaterally nephrectomized rats and the spontaneously
      hypertensive rats. Lysosomal contents treated at 60 degrees for 30 min showed no
      renin activity and yet produced angionecrosis. Non-affinity fraction from
      concanavalin A column chromatography showed no renin activity but produced
      angionecrosis and an increase of vascular permeability of rabbit skin.

PMID- 173382
TI  - Diverse mechanisms of hepatocellular injuries due to chemicals: evidence in rats
      administered carbon tetrachloride or dimethylnitrosamine.
AB  - Differences in acute hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and
      dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) have been tested in normal foetal, newborn and adult
      rats, foetal, newborn and adult rats pretreated with phenobarbitone and partially
      hepatectomized adult rats. While CCl4 is non-toxic to the foetal and newborn
      liver, DMN induces identical necrosis at all ages. Prior dosing with
      phenobarbitone augments CCl4 toxicity only in the adult and the newborn but the
      foetus continues to be resistant. Such pretreatment, on the other hand,
      significantly reduces the effects of DMN on liver in all animals. Partial
      hepatectomy makes the liver less susceptible to CCl4 and more so to DMN. Such
      diversities of hepatic response to the two toxins can be accounted for by the
      levels of the respective toxifying enzymes in the liver cell in different
      situations.

PMID- 173384
TI  - Influence of carbon tetrachloride or riboflavin on liver carcinogenesis with a
      single dose of aflatoxin b1.
AB  - Liver carcinogenesis with a single dose of aflatoxin B1 (7 mg/kg body weight) has
      been investigated in a group of female Wistar strain rats by repeated biopsies
      and necropsies. Another group received a subsequent intoxication with carbon
      tetrachloride by inhalation (approximately 200 doses) and another one was
      overloaded with riboflavin (25 parts/10(6) in drinking water). The frequency of
      hepatomata was almost equal in the aflatoxin and aflatoxin-carbon tetrachloride
      group. It was lowere in the riboflavin-aflatoxin group. In these 3 groups
      cirrhosis was never present in neoplastic livers. Megalocytosis was the first
      lesion observed. All tumoral livers had previous or concomitant megalocytosis.
      This modification was about as frequent, intense and widespread in aflatoxin-CCl4
      and aflatoxin groups but appeared much earlier, as did the first hepatoma, in the
      aflatoxin-CCl4 group. It was less frequent, less intense and less widespread in
      the riboflavin-aflatoxin group than in the aflatoxin group. There was also a
      lower frequency of hepatomata in the riboflavin-aflatoxin group, but the
      difference was not significant due to the too small number of animals involved.
      The facts are not a proof of the existence of an obligatory link between
      megalocytosis and carcinogenesis since a slight megalocytosis was observed in the
      riboflavin group not affected by the neoplastic process. However, the simplest
      explanation of our results would be to consider that the potential tumour cells
      are located among the megalocytic cells, without admitting that every megalocyte
      is obligatorily a precancerous cell. CCl4 seems to act in shortening the time of
      appearance of megalocytosis. The protective effect of riboflavine should be
      regarded with more caution.

PMID- 173383
TI  - Tubuloreticular structures in human lymphoid cell lines. A cell biological study.
AB  - Human lymphoid cell lines were studied as an experimental model for the
      spontaneous or induced occurrence of tuburloreticular structures (TRS). It was
      possible to induce TRS after culturing the EB-3 cell line with 20 mug/ml
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrUdR) during 96 h. Starvation, culturing at lower temperature
      (32 degrees) or inhibition of DNA synthesis did not give rise to the production
      of TRS. The response to BrUdR could be blocked with 60 mug/ml thymidine but not
      with 60 mug/ml deoxycytidine. The addition of 5 mug/ml cytarabine or the removal
      of BrUdR at different times resulted in inhibition of TRS induction, indicating
      that BrUdR had to be incorporated into DNA during at least 48 h. After
      incorporation, neither the presence of BrUdR nor DNA synthesis was necessary for
      the production of TRS. These experiments and the finding that in the cell line
      IHTC-33, which does not produce Epstein-Barr virus associated antigens, TRS were
      spontaneously present, exclude a correlation between TRS and these antigens.
      However, the induction of TRS by BrUdR may be related to the activation of
      another (latent) virus.

PMID- 173385
TI  - Ultrastructural localization and differentiation of membrane-bound ATP utilizing
      enzymes including adenyl cyclase in normal and psoriatic epidermis.
AB  - The total membrane-bound ATP hydrolytic activity in human epidermis is due to the
      activities of at least three differently located enzymes, namely Mg++-activated
      ATPase, phosphomonoesterase and adenyl cyclase. Cytochemical studies on psoriatic
      epidermis with various inhibitory and stimulatory substances showed reduced
      activities of ATPase and phosphomonoesterase, and a lack of sensitivity of adenyl
      cyclase to specific stimulators such as isoproterenol and glucagon. Since no
      differences of basal adenyl cyclase activity were observed between normal and
      psoriatic human skin without stimulation, it seems likely that in psoriasis a
      latent defect of adenyl cyclase may exist, resulting in a deficient response of
      this enzyme to regulatory agents. In conclusion, the present study reveals that
      not a single enzyme but the entire membrane-bound nucleotide metabolism is
      altered in psoriatic keratinocytes, causing a disturbance of the membrane-bound
      energy utilization, similar to findings in proliferating tumour cells.

PMID- 173386
TI  - Cellular immunity and circulating antibody to herpes simplex virus in subjects
      with recurrent herpex simplex lesions and controls as measured by the mixed
      leukocyte migration inhibition test and complement fixation.
AB  - Cellular immune responses and circulating antibody levels to herpes simplex virus
      were examined in patients with recurrent herpes simplex (HSV) infections and
      controls. Mixed leukocyte migration inhibition by herpes simplex antigen was less
      in affected patients than in controls but serum antibody levels were higher.
      There was no significant difference in leukocyte migration between patients with
      active or recent lesions and other herpes subjects, and the response in the mixed
      leukocyte migration test to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was similar in patients and
      controls. The data presented suggest that a localized defect in cell mediated
      immunity to herpes simplex virus may exist and be responsible for recurrent
      herpes simplex infections.

PMID- 173387
TI  - Mooren's ulcer. Histopathology and proteolytic enzymes of adjacent conjunctiva.

PMID- 173388
TI  - An epidemic of picornavirus and adenovirus conjunctivitis.
AB  - A pandemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in south-east Asia
      during 1970 and 1971, and became epidemic in Lucknow in May 1971. From the
      conjunctival swabs adenovirus-like agents were isolated in monkey kidney tissue
      culture; one was typed as adenovirus 2. In paired sera rising antibody titres
      were found against an adeno-like agent isolated and the picornavirus (EC2/71)
      isolated in Singapore. The epidemics in south-east Asia were caused by a
      picornavirus while in Lucknow both adenovirus and picornavirus appeared to be
      implicated.

PMID- 173389
TI  - Studies on NO2-Tyr82and NH2-Tyr82 derivatives of adrenodoxin. Effects of chemical
      modification on electron transferring activity.
AB  - Bovine apoadrenodoxin was treated with tetranitromethane to introduce a nitro
      group into the tyrosyl residue at position 82 of this protein. The degrees of
      nitration under the best conditions were estimated to be 90% and nearly 100% on
      the basis of amino acid analysis and the spectrophotometric method, respectively.
      An amino derivative was prepared by reducing the nitro group with sodium
      dithionite. The apoadrenodoxin derivatives could be reconstituted to have an iron
      sulfur chromophore similar to the native adrenodoxin which contains a 1:1 molar
      ratio of labile sulfur to iron content and displays absorption peaks at 414 and
      450 nm. The enzymatic acitivies of these reconstituted nitro and amino
      derivatives toward cytochrome c reduction in the presence of adrenodoxin
      reductase and NADPH were 19 and 7% of native adrenodoxin, respectively. We
      studied the kinetics of the direct reduction of the reconstituted amino
      derivative in the presence of NADPH and adrenodoxin reductase under anaerobic
      conditons. The initial rate of reduction for the amino derivative was 7% of the
      native adrenodoxin, which is in good agreement with its activity toward
      cytochrome c reduction. From these results, it is concluded that by modifying the
      tyrosyl residue at position 82 of the adrenodoxin polypeptide, the electron
      transferring activity of the molecule is largely diminished.

PMID- 173390
TI  - Stimulation of cholesterol ester exchange by lipoprotein-free rabbit plasma.
AB  - A fraction in normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbit plasma of density greater
      than 1.25 stimulates the exchange of cholesterol esters between very low density
      and low density lipoproteins from hypercholesterolemic rabbit plasma. The
      exchange does not result from lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. The
      active factor appears to be a high molecular weight globulin with an isolelectric
      point of 5.2.

PMID- 173391
TI  - Conformational changes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase induced by the
      binding of NAD. A unified model for positive and negative cooperativity.
AB  - The fluorescence of the natural coenzyme, NADH, is used to monitor the
      environment of the nicotinamide moiety at the active centre of rabbit muscle
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12). Changes of the
      fluorescence quantum yield and polarization of a small amount of NADH, totally
      bound by an excess of enzyme, show that at half-saturation of the oligomer with
      NAD a conformational change is induced which affects the active centre regions of
      the remaining subunits. This conformational transition is not effected by
      adenosine diphosphoribose, suggesting that the binding of the nicotinamide moiety
      of NAD to two subunits is essential for the change of tertiary structure of the
      remaining subunits that causes the observed changes of the fluorescence
      properties of the ADH "tracer probe". It is suggested that this conformational
      transition of the oligomer is responsible for the major decrease of affinity for
      NAD which occurs at half-saturation, and possibly for the activation by NAD+ of
      the reductive dephosphorylation reaction catalysed by the enzyme. It is also
      suggested, by analogy with haemoglobin, that the molecular basis of the negative
      cooperativity may be the creation of additional intersubunit bonds during the
      binding of the first two NAD molecules to the tetramer, and a change from a
      "relaxed" quaternary structure to a "tense" structure at half-saturation.

PMID- 173392
TI  - Further studies on the activation of microsomal (Na+ + k+)-atpase by a leukocytic
      product.
AB  - Previous studies showed that microsomal (Na+ + K+)ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase,
      EC 3.6.1.3) is activated by a proteinaeous material released by polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes. Investigations on the mode of action of the activator have been
      conducted by the siolation of 32P-labeled phosphoenzyme intermediates formed in
      the reaction of ATP and (Na+ + K)-ATPase, which has been postulated to occur
      through the formation and hydrolysis of acyl phosphate intermediates. The
      activator caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the recovery of
      phosphoenzyme intermediates that was not quantitatively altered by the Na+ or K+
      concentration of the reaction mixture of by the presence of 1 mM oubain. A
      decline in phosphoenzyme intermediate recovery was promoted by the addition of
      the activator to preformed phosphoenzyme intermediates but not by activator that
      had been pretreated with protease or phenol. In addition, the activator caused a
      concentration-dependent stimulation of the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase and acetyl
      phosphatase activities of microsomal (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. It was proposed that the
      activator stimulates the dephosphorylation step of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase reaction
      sequence.

PMID- 173393
TI  - Inhibition of peptide chain initiation in lysates from ATP-depleted cells.I.
      Stages in the evolution of the lesion and its reversal by thiol compounds, cyclic
      AMP or purine derivatives and phosphorylated sugars.
AB  - Anaerobic incubation of rabbit reticulocytes at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Ringer
      solution supplemented with hemin but devoid of glucose resulted at the end of 1
      2h in a drastic decline of their ATP content and an attendant arrest of protein
      synthesis. Subsequent provision of glucose and reoxygenation of the cells was
      followed by a rapid replenishment of the ATP pool, while resumption of protein
      synthesis was markedly delayed. This lag period could be considerably reduced by
      addition of 5-10 mM adenine or 2,6-diaminopurine to the incubation medium.
      Lysates prepared from ATP-depleted cells exhibited disaggregation of the
      polysomes and an inhibition of the nedogenously coded protein synthesis, when
      tested in a cell-free system supplied with an adequate ATP generator. Both
      alterations increased in severity with the progressive decay of the intracellular
      ATP pool. The early phase of partial inhibition following a 40-70% decrease of
      the cellular ATP level was fully reversible by fortifying the cell-free
      preparation with dithiothreitol or a suitable NADPH-generating system.
      Aternative, the inhibition could be also overcome by millimolar amounts of
      adenine, 2,6-diaminopurine and a variety of other purine derivatives or cyclic
      AMP. The effect of these compounds was unrelated to the endogenous cyclic AMP
      pool. Joint addition of both dithiothreitol and cyclic AMP or adenine was
      necessary for relieving the initiation block in lysates derived from cells
      depleted of 80-90% of their ATP content. On further aggravating the conditions of
      energy starvation, an additional requirement for phosphorylated sugars, e.g.
      glucose 6-phosphate or fructose 1,6-diphosphate, became apparent. ATP depletion
      brought about by exposing the cells to Antimycin A or 2,4-dinitrophenol resulted
      in a lesion which was indistinguishable from that induced by anaerobic
      incubation. On the other hand, energy deprivation in cell-free lysates from
      untreated reticulocytes, preincubated in the absence of an ATP-generating system
      failed to duplicate the deleterious effect of intracellular ATP depletion. Some
      aspects bearing on the biochemical mechanism of the lesion and its reversal are
      discussed in the light of the available data.

PMID- 173394
TI  - Inhibition of peptide chain initiation in lysates from ATP-depleted cells. II.
      Studies on the mechanism of the lesion and its relation to similar alterations
      caused by oxidized glutathione and hemin deprivation.
AB  - The impairment of peptide chain initiation in lysates from ATP-depleted rabbit
      reticulocytes is accompanied by a loss of their ability to form the 40 S
      methionyl-tRNAfMet complex with a resultant failure to promote the AUG codon
      dependent combination of the complex with the 60 S ribosomal subunit. These
      partial initiation reactions, as well as the overall protein-synthetic activity
      of the defective lysates could be restored by addition of a 0.5 M KC1 ribosomal
      extract or normal postribosomal supernatant or a 40-70% (NH4)2-SO4 fraction
      derived from it. Alternatively, reactivation of the impaired lysates could be
      achieved by supplementation with millimolar amounts of cyclic AMP or certain
      purine derivatives. The same subcellular fractions, as well as cyclic AMP or
      purine derivatives were also capable of overcoming the inhibition caused by
      incubating reticulocyte lysates in the presence of oxidized glutathione or in the
      absence of hemin. Severe intracellular ATP deprivation resulted in accumulation
      of a soluble translational inhibitor in the postribosomal fraction, thus
      resembling the parallel phenomenon described in hemin-deprived lysates. The
      striking similarities between the three kinds of inhibition studied by us point
      to an identical site of the underlying biochemical lesion, despite the different
      mechanisms mediating their induction.

PMID- 173395
TI  - Structural aspects of the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 173396
TI  - Protein synthesis in homologous and heterologous cell-free systems from chick
      embryo connective tissues.
AB  - Two homologous systems for cell-free protein synthesis from chick embryo
      connective tissues are described. Both the skin polysomes and the wing-leg
      polysomes are active in collagen synthesis, but they have different requirements
      for optimum protein synthesis. Protein synthesis was not dependent on tissue
      specific factors, since heterologous preparations of supernatant enzymes or
      initiation factors were able to stimulate maximum protein synthesis with each
      fraction of polysomes.

PMID- 173397
TI  - Calcium ion uptake in isolated pancreas cells induced by secretagogues.
AB  - 1. Secretagogues of pancreatic enzyme secretion: pancreozymin, carbamylcholine,
      gastrin I, the octapeptide of pancreozymin, caerulein and the Ca2+ ionophore A
      23187 stimulate 45Ca uptake into isolated rat pancreatic cells, whereas
      adrenaline, isoproterenol, secretin, dibutyrylic cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate and dibutyrylic cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate have no effect
      on 45Ca uptake. 2. A graphical analysis of the Ca2+ uptake curves reveals at
      least two phases: a fast phase, probably due to binding of Ca2+ to the membrane
      and a slow phase representing Ca2+ transport into cells. Both phases are
      stimulated by pancreozymin and carbamylcholine. 3. The 45Ca-exchangeable pool
      size is increased by both carbamylcholine and pancreozymin, whereas a significant
      increase of total content of cell calcium was too small to be detected. 4.
      Atropine blocks the stimulatory effect of carbamylcholine completely but not that
      of pancreozymin. The Ca2+ antagonist D600 blocks the stimulatory effects of both
      carbamylcholine and pancreozymin only partially. 5. The data suggest that
      secretagogues of pancreatic enzyme secretion act by increasing the rate of Ca2+
      transfer into the cell most probably through an increase of the cell membrane
      permeability for Ca2+.

PMID- 173399
TI  - [Structural transitions in DNA, isolated from normal and neoplastic cells].
AB  - A decrease of temperature transition in spin-labeled DNA isolated from leucose
      cells compared with normal cells is found. It is shown by kinetic formaldehyde
      method that it may be the result of many defects in the secondary structure of
      macromolecule in DNA1. The spin label method is shown to be used for the analysis
      of DNA macromolecule damaged with small irradiation doses. Various
      radiosensitivity of DNA isolated from the blood of normal and leucose cells is
      observed.

PMID- 173398
TI  - Involvement of sulfhydryl groups in the action of the insulin and radiation on
      thymocyte Na+-dependent amino acid transport.
AB  - 1,p-Chloromercuribenzene sulfonate concentrations less than 10(-5) M stimulate
      the uptake by thymocytes of 2-aminoisobutyrate, a non-metabolized amino acid. At
      concentrations greater than 10(-5) M of this reagent, transport is impaired and
      cell viability is effected. In contrast, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) between
      10(-4) and 10(-6) M produces only stimulation of 2-aminoisobutyrate uptake after
      treating for 10 min. 2. Treatment of thymocytes with 10(-4)M 5,5'-dithiobis-(2
      nitrobenzoate) reveals at least three categories of reactive SH groups. Titration
      of the most rapidly reacting category, 4 - 10(7)-7 - 10(7)/cell, activates 2
      aminoisobutyrate transport to the same extent as does p-chloromercuribenzene
      sulfonate. Cells treated with 10(-6) M insulin showed a 30-50% reduction in the
      number of sulfhydryl groups that could be titrated with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2
      nitrobenzoate). In thymocytes treated with 10(-6) M p-chloro(203Hg)mercuribenzene
      sulfonate, addition of 10(-6) or 10(-9) M insulin before treatment with the
      sulhydryl reagent again reduces the number of titrable SH groups by 20%. 3.
      Insulin (10(-10)-10(-6) M) also stimulates 2-aminoisobutyrate uptake, but the
      effects of insulin and SH blocker are not additive. 4. Insulin, but not p
      chloromercuribenzene sulfonate, prevents the impairment of 2-aminoisobutyrate
      transport caused by gamma-irradiation. Treatment of cells with p
      chloromercuribenzene sulfonate prior to irradiation increases the radiation
      impairment of 2-aminoisobutyrate transport. 5. gamma-irradiation reduces the
      number of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate) reactive sulfhydryl residues by 37%.
      6. A model for the action of insulin and irradiation on 2-aminoisobutyrate
      transport is presented.

PMID- 173400
TI  - [EPR- and IR-spectroscopic study of the processes of carbonization of amino acid
      crystals].
AB  - Initial stages of "low temperature" carbonization in crystal amino acids have
      been studied by ESR- and IR-spectroscopy. It was revealed that block
      polycondensation of amino acids with the formation of polypeptide chains took
      place. In the air oxygen also surface carbonization of crystals took place; it
      became stronger with the occurrence of radiation defects.

PMID- 173401
TI  - [Electron paramagnetic resonance study of photosensitized transport and
      localization of electrons in enzyme-substrate complexes. Lysozyme and its
      inhibitor].
AB  - Photosensitized electron transfer are studied in three systems: lysozyme, its
      inhibitors (oligosaccharides) and their enzyme-inhibitor complexes. Electron
      donors were either tryptophane amino acid residues of lysozyme or tryptophane. It
      is shown that N-acetyl group of inhibitor molecules is a single electron-
      acceptor group in the inhibitor molecule as well as in the lysozyme-inhibitor
      complex. It is stated that the localization of unpaired electrons in the mixtures
      of lysozyme modification products and substrate--inhibitors depends on the state
      of enzyme molecule.

PMID- 173402
TI  - [Mechanism of the formation of paramagnetic centers in proteins exposed to UV
      radiation].
AB  - It is shown that the process of formation of paramagnetic centres in UV
      irradiated at 77degreesK protein solutions in a biquantum one. The protein
      molecule in triplet state is an intermediate product.

PMID- 173403
TI  - [Accumulation of paramagnetic centers in protein solutions exposed to UV
      radiation].
AB  - It is shown that concentration of paramagnetic centres (PC) in UV-irradiated
      protein solutions at 77degreesK approximates the limiting value. The limiting
      number of PC (n) per one molecule is in direct proportion to that of aromatic
      amino acid residues in it n(sigma)=2+0,1 sigma. The formation of PC slopps
      because all the energy absorbed by aromatic amino acid residues is transfered to
      the radicals formed.

PMID- 173404
TI  - [Spin label study of microviscosity and structural transitions in cell membrane
      lipids and proteins. I. Heat-induced structural changes in cell nuclei of mouse
      organs in normal conditions].
AB  - With the help of weakly bound spin probes the effect of temperature on structural
      transitions of protein and lipid components in the nuclei membranes of different
      organs of intact mice has been studied. Microviscosity of lipids in the membrane
      is found to differ sharply from proteins. Found by both probes breaks on
      Arrhenius curve of the correlation time dependence on reverse temperature within
      the temperature range of 25degreesC--27degreesC and 40degreesC-43degreesC seem to
      be connected with structural reconstructions of the whole membrane. The results
      obtained according to the behaviour of probes are identical for the nuclei of
      different organs.

PMID- 173405
TI  - [Properties of the thalamocortical nonspecific system].
AB  - A study has been carried out on how parameters of stimulation of thalamo-cortical
      non-specific system in the rabbit brain influence the amplitude and temporal
      characteristics of a recruiting response.

PMID- 173406
TI  - [Letter: EPR study of bacteriorhodopsin-containing systems].

PMID- 173407
TI  - [Rate of interaction of ferricytochrome c with negatively charged liposomes from
      natural lecithin: effect of the physicochemical state of the membrane hydrophobic
      layer].
AB  - The absorption velocity of ferricytochrome c on the surface of liposomes from egg
      lecithin containing 10% of lauric acid was studied. Liposomes were prepared from
      lecithin of three fractions which differed by the composition of fatty acids,
      unsaturation and the lipid interaction decreased at the temperature below T phi
      pi for lecithin fractions containing larger quantity of saturated fatty acids. An
      opposite tendency was observed for the temperature above T phi pi. In the phase
      transition region  of lecithin of refractory fraction the local maximum of
      protein-lipid interaction was observed. Judging by the character of the changes
      of the values of energy activation, small additions of cholesterol in the
      membrane loosen the bilayer at the temperature below T phi pi and condense it at
      above T phi pi. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the effect of the
      state of molecule hydrophobic part on the velocity of protein-lipid interaction.

PMID- 173408
TI  - [EPR study of electron transport in higher plant photosynthetic systems. I.
      Effect of illumination prehistory on the kinetics of photoinduced oxidation
      reduction transformations of P700].
AB  - After the adaptation of leaves to darkness (2--4 min) the kinetics of the
      initiation of ESR I signal aquires a multiphase character: after an initial leap
      the stage of slower growth sets in. The "memory" of the system about the effect
      of light of 600 nm, which was realized as a delay of the growth of the ESR I
      signal under the effect of light of 707 nm, was preserved in the darkness for
      several minutes. If the light of 600 nm is switched on at the background of the
      light of 707 nm not earlier than 2-4 min after its switching off in the preceding
      cycle, unmonotonous transitional process with an overleap is observed.

PMID- 173409
TI  - [EPR study of electron transport in higher plant photosynthetic systems. II.
      Effect of temperature on the kinetics of photoinduced oxidation-reduction
      transformations of P700].
AB  - A sharp fall of ESR signal I is observed at temperature decrease while switching
      on light of 600 nm on the background of light of 707 nm; kinetics of the
      initiation of the signal under the illumination of light of 707 nm gets more
      complicated; the induction phase induced by previous illumination with the light
      of 600 nm increases.

PMID- 173410
TI  - [EPR spectra of animal tissues in vitro].
AB  - The ESR spectra of animal tissues have been recorded at 13-43 degrees K. The
      reduction of the ESR signal intensities of the Fe-S proteins have been found in
      starving mice which is due to the substrate diminishing in these animal tissues.

PMID- 173411
TI  - [Incorporation of low molecular SH-containing compounds in nitrosyl complexes of
      nonheme iron in cell-free and cell preparations].
AB  - It has been shown that the endogenic low molecular SH-containing compounds in non
      cellular liver and yeast preparates include in nitrosyl non-haem iron complexes
      at basic pH and in result of addition of iron salts into these preparates. The
      content of nitrosyl non-haem complexes with SH-containing low molecular compounds
      is not more than 0,5-1% of the quantity of identical non-haem iron complexes with
      RS-groups of proteins. The low content of these complexes appear to be due to as
      the low content of low molecular compounds with ionized RS-groups as the
      competitive action and RS-groups of proteins for iron and NO.

PMID- 173412
TI  - [Letter: Change in the distribution of spin probe between water and membrane in
      different conditions].

PMID- 173413
TI  - [Spin-labeled nucleosides, nucleoside-5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphates].
AB  - A general method of synthesis of spin-labeled nucleosides, nucleoside-5'-mono-,
      di- and triphosphates is developed. It is based on the acyllation of ribose OH
      group with N-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-carbonylpyrollin-1-oxyl)-imidasole. Their ESR
      and UV-spectra are studied. While studying the products of interaction between
      nucleoside mono-, di- and triphosphates and N-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3
      carbonylpyrrolin-1-oxyl)-imidasole along with the formation of monoradicals due
      to the acyllation of 2'(3')-OH-groups of ribose in the case of AMP, GMP and GDP
      acyllation by the phosphate group with the formation of biradicals has been also
      observed.

PMID- 173414
TI  - [Need to measure the viscosity of solutions of globular proteins when studying
      their rotational mobility by the spin probe method].
AB  - It is shown that for correct determination of correlation time of protein
      rotation, at least for high concentration, it is necessary to measure the
      viscosities of investigated solvents, whereas for definition by method of
      extrapolation values Azz the viscosity of water solution of sucrose may be taken
      as the viscosity of investigated solutions.

PMID- 173415
TI  - Purification and some properties of rabbit skeletal muscle fructose 6-phosphate
      kinase inhibitor.
AB  - The loss of activity of rabbit skeletal muscle FPK on storage and its restoration
      by ATP, AMP and cyclic AMP has prompted us to look for an inhibitory unit of the
      enzyme. We have purified this inhibitory factor from the crude muscle extract and
      isolated from crystalline FPK; both proteins have the same Mw of about 68,000
      (SDS). Carboxymethylation revealed species of lower molecular weight. It is
      suggested that two different kinds of FPK exist, one composed only of "active"
      subunits and another composed only of "inactive" (inhibitor) subunits. States of
      intermediate activity exist, created by dissociation, reassociation and exchange
      of subunits, because the inhibitor and FPK share several subunits. A model is
      proposed where one or several inhibitors of molecular mass 68,000 replace the
      corresponding number of active subunits of 93,000 daltons, the structure of the
      native molecule remaining tetrameric. It is shown that cyclic AMP exerts its
      activation function on FPK only in the presence of the inhibitory protein,
      probably by displacing the exchange of the subunit in favor of the active
      tetrameric species of 360,000. Ammonium chloride plays probably an opposite role
      in this exchange. The inhibitor coverts the Michaelian behavior with respect to F
      6-P into a cooperative response (sigmoidal shape of the curve) characterized by a
      Hill coefficient of 2. The Michaelian response with respect to ATP is preserved,
      the corresponding constant being only slightly affected. In the presence of
      subsaturating concentration of inhibitor, mixed species are detected. As a first
      approximation one can propose that a reversible equilibrium exists between free
      and complex FPK subunits. The dissociation constant of this equilibrium being
      equal to 4 X 10(-8) M in moles of FPK protomers.

PMID- 173416
TI  - Effects of catecholamines on rat myocardial metabolism. I. Influence of
      catecholamines on energy-rich nucleotides and phosphorylated fraction contents.
AB  - 1. The influence of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) on energy
      metabolism of the rat myocardium has been studied by incubating slices of this
      tissue with these hormones and by following the levels of the different
      phosphorylated fractions and adenylic nucleotides. 2. Similar effects are
      obtained with both hormones, adrenaline being more effective. 3. Catecholamines
      decrease significantly the total amount of phosphate while Pi content increases
      during the first 10 minutes of incubation; labile and residual phosphate contents
      increase at the beginning of incubation and decrease to the initial values
      afterwards. 4. ATP and ADP levels decrease significantly with both hormones;
      however, the effect of noradrenalin on the ATP level needs a longer time of
      incubation. The ATP/ADP ratios decrease after 5 minutes incubation and the total
      adenylic nucleotide content is severely decreased (35 per cent with adrenalin,
      after 20 minutes incubation). 5. Similar results have been obtained with other
      tissues; these results can explain the decrease of aerobic metabolism we observed
      under the same conditions.

PMID- 173417
TI  - Effects of catecholamines on rat myocardial metabolism. II. Influence of
      catecholamines on 32p-incorporation into rat myocardial adenylic nucleotides and
      their turn-over.
AB  - 1. The influence of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) on 32Pi
      incorporation into intracellular phosphate and adenylic nucleotides has been
      studied on rat myocardium slices; consequently, the turn-over of nucleotides
      could be determined and compared under the influence of these two hormones. 2. In
      order to specify the site of action of these catecholamines, several inhibitors
      and activators of energetic metabolism were included in the incubation medium:
      3'5'-AMP, caffein, ouabain, oligomycin, rotenone + antimycin. 3. Both
      catecholamines favour Pi exchanges between intra and extracellular spaces; ATP
      turn-over is greatly increased, while ADP turn-over is slightly decreased, and
      32P-incorporation into ADP is increased. 4. 3'5'-AMP and caffein are without
      effect on Pi penetration; however, caffein increases catecholamine effects on
      this penetration. ATP turn-over is slightly increased by 3'5'-AMP or caffein. 5.
      Ouabain decreases ATP turn-over but does not prevent the adrenaline induced
      acceleration. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport
      decrease ATP-turn-over severely; this inhibition is not released by
      catecholamines. 6. It is concluded that the catecholamine effects observed are
      dependent on the oxidative phosphorylations process. The increase of Pi exchange
      by catecholamines may be related to the increase of extracellular space and
      cation translocations we observed with the hormones.

PMID- 173418
TI  - A note on convolution and stable distributions in the nervous system.

PMID- 173419
TI  - [Effect of endogenous lipid peroxides on respiration in rat liver mitochondria].
AB  - Effect of Fe2+- and ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation on mitochondrial
      respiration in 3 and 4 states (according to Chance) is studied. Peroxidation was
      shown to result in an increase of the oxygen uptake rate in 4th state, and in the
      KCl-containing medium (but not in sucrose medium) it caused a decrease of the
      oxygen uptake rate in the phosphorylating state, which partially reversed when
      cytochrom c was added. These effects were observed only after the development of
      peroxidation (after "slow" flash of chemiluminescence), and the value of and
      effect correlated with the content of peroxidation products unsaturated fatty
      acids. No considerable differences in the damaging effect of peroxidation were
      observed under incubation of mitochondria in KCl, NaCl and choline containing
      media.

PMID- 173420
TI  - [Kinetic studies of the formation of abortive ternary complex lactate
      dehydrogenase (isoenzyme h4)-NAD-pyruvate].
AB  - The rate constants and equilibrium constants for four stages of process of the
      abortive ternary complex lactate dehydrogenase (porcine isoenzyme H4)-NAD
      pyruvate formation are determined. These stages are 1) the enolization of
      pyruvate, 2) the formation of binary complex enzyme-NAD, 3) the formation of
      "intermediate" ternary complex enzyme-NAD-enol and 4) the transformation of
      "intermediate" complex into "final" ternary one, accumulation of the latter being
      followed by spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. The constants obtained
      were compared with the corresponding ones for porcine isoenzyme M4 determined in
      earlier work. It was shown that the greater stability of ternary complex and the
      greater initial rate of ternary complex formation in the case of H4 is due to
      greater affinity of isoenzyme H4 with respect to NAD, greater magnitude of
      reaction rate constant for transformation of "intermediate" ternary complex into
      "final" one and lesser magnitude of reaction rate constant for the reverse
      transition.

PMID- 173421
TI  - [Protamine as a specific inhibitor of electron transport between cytochromes c
      and a on the outer surface of the mitochondrial membrane].
AB  - The basic protein protamine is found to be a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial
      cytochrome c oxidase, while the oxidase activity of the "inside out"
      submitochondrial particles is only slightly affected by this polycation. The site
      of inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by protamine is localized between
      cytochromes c and a, protamine combining with cytochrome oxidase competitively to
      cytochrome, c, Ki=2,5 x 10(-6) M. The data obtained suggest that it is the outer
      side of the mitochondrial membrane where oxidation of cytochrome c by cytochrome
      a occurs.

PMID- 173422
TI  - [On different forms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase].
AB  - Evidence is presented for the structural differences between rat and rabbit
      skeletal muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases. Glyceral-dehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenases isolated from frozen and fresh rat skeletal muscle were
      found to have different temperature stability and chromatographic behavior on CM
      cellulose. Different nucleotide content of the preparations (NAD on one hand, and
      products of its degradation - ADP-ribose, AMP and adenosine, on the other) is
      shown to account for the observed effects.

PMID- 173423
TI  - [Biosynthesis of collagen and non-collagen proteins on free and bound polysomes
      from chick embryo].
AB  - Synthesys of collagen and non-collagen proteins was investigated in a cell-free
      system in the presence of free and bound polysomes isolated from chick embryos.
      Of total radioactive proteins synthesized on bound and free polysomes the amount
      of peptides digested by bacterial collagenase comprised 25-40% and 5-7%
      respectively. These data showed that collagen was predominantly synthesized by
      bound polysomes. Free polysomes were found to be much more active than bound ones
      in non-collagen protein synthesis. When bound polysomes detached from membranes
      by detergent treatment were incubated in a cell-free system, a release of non
      collagen proteins into the incubation medium increased sharply, but the release
      of collagen peptides was as negligible as in the case of untreated polysomes.
      Kinetic studies of collagen synthetizing activity of polysomes bound to or
      detached from membranes suggested the role of endoplasmic membranes in
      stabilizing collagenous polysomes.

PMID- 173424
TI  - [Activation of carbonic anhydrase from rat gastric tissue as a result of
      phosphorylation by 3',5'-AMP-dependent protein kinase].
AB  - Two isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase, one with high activity and the other with
      low activity, were isolated from rat gastric tissue. It was found that both
      isoenzymes were phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase isolated from gastric
      mucosa and that this process was stimulated by 3',5'-AMP. The phosphorylation of
      highly active carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme is shown to result in the increase of
      its activity. The phosphorylation of low active carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme did
      not affect its activity or decreased it slightly. The results obtained suggest
      that the activation of carbonic anhydrase in vivo by gastrin (pentagastrin),
      histamine and 3',5'-AMP is due to the phosphorylation of highly active isoenzyme
      by 3',5-AMP-dependent protein kinase. It seems possible that in this process
      histamine and 3',5'-AMP act as sequential mediators of pentagastrin effect.

PMID- 173425
TI  - [Isolation of highly purified ribonuclease from cobra (Naja oxiana) venom].
AB  - Dialysis, gel-chromatography on Sephadex G-75 (superfine) and chromatography on
      sulphoethylcellulose give high yield (68 per cent) of 162-fold purified
      ribonuclease from cobra venom. In ion-exchange chromatography, ribonuclease is
      eluted in two fractions. The fraction with the highest specific activity has a
      molecular weight of 15900 and is homogeneous in 15 per cent polyacrilamide gel
      electrophoresis at pH 8.9. Electrophoresis at pH 4.3 reveals a minor fast
      component of this fraction which also exhibits a ribonuclease activity.
      Sulphoethylcellulose chromatography fairly separates cobra venom
      phosphodiesterase and 5'-nucleotidase eluted as a single fraction in gel
      chromatography.

PMID- 173426
TI  - [Formation of polysomes in virus-specific RNA in the transcriptive complex of
      Sendai virus infected cells].
AB  - Transcriptive complex in the cytoplasm of Sendai virus infected cells included
      parental RNA in the form of ribonucleoprotein, nascent RNA and polysomes. Its
      buoyant density in CsC1 was 1.45 g/ml. The complex dissociated three hours after
      the infection, and nascent RNA was fully separated from the parental RNP. The
      template for polysomes within the complex was identified under conditions when
      the complex was dissociated in cycloheximide-treated cells. Polysomes were
      revealed in the association with nascent RNA. They sedimented in preribosmal
      region of sucrose gradient, and had a buoyant density in CsC1 of 1.49 g/ml. Mild
      treatment with ribonuclease split the polysomes into monoribosomes.

PMID- 173427
TI  - [Isolation of exonuclease A5 preparation free of phosphomonoesterase
      contamination].
AB  - A method is described of the isolation of exonuclease from cultural medium of
      Actinomyces sp. of coelicolor type, strain 5. The enzyme preparation is
      practically free from phosphatase activity (the ratio between exonuclease and
      phosphatase activities is about 10000). Chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex after the
      heating of the enzyme preparation at 37 degrees C and pH 5.5 in the presence of 2
      mercaptoethanol was used to elimate the phosphatase contamination. The
      preparation of exonuclease A5 is suitable for different structural studies of
      nucleic acids, it can be used (instead of snake venom PDE) in  a large scale
      preparation of 5'-mononucleotides from nucleic acids as well.

PMID- 173429
TI  - [Contalateral influences on internuncial nonsegmental neurons].

PMID- 173428
TI  - [Effect of bradkinin-potentiating snake venom peptides and C-terminal
      pentapeptide fragment of bradkinin on carboxypeptidase N and kiniase activities
      of human blood serum].
AB  - Effects of bradikinin-potentiating peptides (BPP5a and BPPB), which are identical
      to peptides from Bothrops jararaca and Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii snake venom,
      and pentapeptide C-terminal bradikinin fragment on carboxypeptidase N and kinase
      activities in human blood serum are studied. It is found that BPP5a and BPPB at
      concentrations of 5-10(-4) M and 2.5-10(-4) M respectively do not inhibit the
      hydrolysis of hippuryl-L-lysine and hippuryl-L-argininic acid by carboxypeptidase
      N and at a concentration of 2-10(-3) M they do not affect the rate of the release
      of C-terminal arginine residue from bradikinin. BPP5a and BPPB do not inhibit the
      kininase activity of diluted human blood serum in vitro. Unlike BPP5a and BPPB, C
      terminal pentapeptide bradikinin fragment is a competitive inhibitor of
      carboxypeptidase N, and it inhibits (at a concentration of 5-10(-4) M) the
      hydrolysis of hippuryl-L-lysine and hippuryl-L-argininic acid by 50%. It also
      inhibits the hydrolysis of bradikinin with diluted human blood serum. BPP5a and
      BPPB have an inconstant constriction effect on isolated rat uterus at
      concentration exceeding 4-6 orders the concentration of bradikinin. BPP5a at
      concentrations from 4-10(-9) to 4-10(-8) g/ml increases the sensitivity  of rat
      uterus in 1.6--2.0 times.

PMID- 173431
TI  - Pituitary responsiveness to LRH in the short-term ovariectomized rat.

PMID- 173432
TI  - Role of catecholamines in photoperiodically-induced gonadal development in
      Coturnix quail.

PMID- 173430
TI  - Correlative aspects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone sensitivity and
      cytoplasmic estrogen receptor concentration in the anterior pituitary and
      hypothalamus of the cycling rat.

PMID- 173433
TI  - Circular dichroism of corticotropin, fragment 1-24, and model compounds. An
      assessment of the contributions of the peptide chromophore and armoatic residues.

PMID- 173434
TI  - Assignment and regional localization of a gene coding for galactokinase to human
      chromosome 17q21-22.

PMID- 173436
TI  - Regional localization of human genes in virus-induced uncoiler regions.

PMID- 173435
TI  - A new polymorphic enzyme, uridine monophosphate kinase: gene frequencies and a
      linkage analysis.

PMID- 173437
TI  - A search for linkage between the Ag and (dimeric) superoxide dismutase (SOD-1)
      loci.

PMID- 173438
TI  - Regional mapping of seven enzyme loci on human chromosome 1 by use of somatic
      cell hybridization.

PMID- 173439
TI  - Granule enzymes of polymorphonuclear neutrophils: A phylogenetic comparison.
AB  - The functional significance of granule enzymes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMN) is not fully understood because of the multiplicity of the enzymes and the
      rare occurrence of deficiencies in man. In order to select appropriate laboratory
      animals for functional studies, a phylogenetic comparison of enzyme levels in
      animal and human PMN was undertaken. Neutrophils were obtained from a variety of
      laboratory animals and man; the activities of alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme,
      myeloperoxidase, and beta-glucuronidase were determined by histochemical and
      analytical techniques. Marked interspecies differences in enzyme activity were
      found; many species were deficient in alkaline phosphatase or lysozyme.
      Differences in pH optima and metal requirements of alkaline phosphatase were not
      of sufficient magnitude to explain the variations of this enzyme.

PMID- 173440
TI  - Defective polymorphonuclear leukocyte metabolism and function in canine cyclic
      neutropenia.
AB  - Humans and grey collie dogs with cyclic neutropenia are known to suffer from an
      increased rate of bacterial infection. Because of the previously described
      microanatomic abnormalities of lysosome formation found in the polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMNs) of dogs with canine cyclic neutropenia, studies of these cells
      were undertaken. PMNs from grey collie dogs were found to have significant
      metabolic and functional abnormalities when compared with normal collie PMNs.
      These included abnormally increased postphagocytic C1-glucose oxidation,
      decreased iodination of trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein in the resting
      and phagocytizing state, decreased levels of intracellular myeloperoxidase,and a
      bactericidal defect against a variety of bacteria. Phagocytosis was normal. These
      abnormalities appear to differ from those previously described in the PMNs of
      patients with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood and the Chediak-Higashi
      syndrome and more closely resemble those seen in hereditary myeloperoxidase
      deficiency. Thus, the studies reported here demonstrate defective PMN function in
      a disease state previously believed to be a model only of periodic hematopoiesis.

PMID- 173441
TI  - Multiple myeloma with intramedullary masses of M-component.
AB  - The bone marrow of a patient with light chain myeloma and amyloidosis was
      substantially infiltrated with basophilic globular particles. The globules, which
      were confined to the bone marrow, ranged in size from tiny intracytoplasmic
      inclusions to large (100 mu) extracellular particles. Both the intra- and
      extracellular globules stained with fluorescent antibody directed against the
      light chain (kappa) produced by the patient's abnormal clone, and not with other
      fluorescent antiserums. By electron microscopy, even the largest extracytophasmic
      globules were bounded at least in part by rough membranes, suggesting that their
      extreme size was the result of cellular synthesis rather than extracellular
      coalescence.

PMID- 173442
TI  - Letter: Acute leukemia with Burkitt's tumor cells.

PMID- 173443
TI  - [Influence of the pituitary-adrenal axis on the brown fat tissue of the rat and
      golden hamster].
AB  - The suppression or reduction of the adrenal secretion in the Rat and in the
      golden Hamster results in a reduction of the weight of brown adipose tissue and
      of the volume of intra cytoplasmic vacuoles. When corticotropin is given to
      normal and hypophysectomized animals, the intra cytoplasmic vacuolar system and
      the corticosterone concentration of brown fat increase. After sham hypophysectomy
      and short ether intake, a considerable lipidic depletion and a high level of
      corticosterone are observed. The authors speculate that the by adrenaline. The
      morphologic responses are much more intense and rapid lipid content of brown
      adipose tissue is increased by corticotropin and reduced by adrenaline. The
      morphologic responses are much more intense and rapid in brown adipose tissue
      than in white adipose tissue.

PMID- 173444
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of pyridostigmine and 3-hydroxy-N-methylpyridinium in the
      rat: dose-dependent effects after portal vein administration.
AB  - 1 The elimination kinectis of [14C]-pyridostigmine iodine and [14-C-methyl]-3
      hydroxypyridinium bromide (3-OH NMP) have been studied in the rat. 2 For
      pyridostigmine, at a given dose level, the fraction of the dose eliminated
      unchanged was reduced and the metabolite fraction was increased after portal vein
      administration when compared to jugular vein administration. This indicates that
      pyridostigmine is subject to metabolism during the first passage through the
      liver. 3 When doses of pyridostigmine 1.25 mumol/kg and higher were injected via
      the portal vein, the proportion excreted in urine as unchanged drug remained
      constant; in contrast, the percentage of the dose eliminated as the metabolite
      was significantly reduced. This indicates that a dose-dependent process is
      involved in the urinary excretion of 3-OH NMP. 4 This conclusion was supported by
      studies involving the portal and systemic venous injection of 3-OH NMP at
      different dose levels. After 4 h, approximately85% of the lowest dose was
      eliminated unchanged in ug this period. The proportion of the dose eliminated in
      urine was not related to the route of administration. 5 After the injection of
      pyridostigmine into the jugular vein, the initial rate of drug excretion fell
      rapidly for approximately 10 min; in contrast, after injection into the portal
      vein, the rate of excretion of the drug rose to a maximum at 30 minutes. This
      suggests that the hepatoportal system behaves as a distinct region during the
      distribution of this drug.

PMID- 173445
TI  - In situ intraduct carcinoma of the breast: a long term follow-up study.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with in situ intraduct carcinoma of the breast are
      reviewed. Two patients had bilateral tumours. The numbers of patients treated by
      wide local excision, simple mastectomy and mastectomy with axillary dissection
      were approximately equal; none of these patients died of carcinoma. The
      conclusions regarding prognosis and treatment of in situ intraduct carcinoma of
      the breast are discussed.

PMID- 173446
TI  - Letter: Management of acute asthma.

PMID- 173447
TI  - Editorial: Depression and curtailment of sleep.

PMID- 173448
TI  - Weight gain and the sleeping electroencephalogram: study of 10 patients with
      anorexia nervosa.
AB  - The relation between reduced nutritional intake, with consequent weight loss, and
      sleep disturbance was studied by comparing certain sleep encephalogram patterns
      in a group of inpatients with anorexia nervosa before, during, and after a
      regimen of refeeding with a normal diet to a matched population mean weight. At
      low body weights patients had less sleep and more restlessness, especially in the
      last four hours of the night. During refeeding and weight gain slow-wave sleep
      initially increased and then tended to decrease during the final stage of
      restoration of weight back to matched population mean levels. With the overall
      weight gain, however, there was a significant increase in length of sleep and
      rapid eye movement sleep, the latter increasing especially during the later
      stages of weight gain. These results reaffirm that insomnia, and especially early
      morning waking, is associated with low body weight in anorexia nervosa, and their
      implications are discussed with particular reference to a hypothetical
      association between various anabolic profiles and the need for differing
      components of sleep.

PMID- 173449
TI  - [Cyclic AMP in pathology].

PMID- 173450
TI  - Identification of radioactive 17beta-estradiol-17-beta-D-glucuronide and 17alpha
      estradiol-17-beta-D-glucuronide in the urine of the domestic fowl after
      intramuscular injection of [4-14C]estrone.
AB  - Two previously uncharacterized radioactive estrogen conjugates, 17beta-estradiol
      17-beta-D-glucuronide (3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17beta-D
      glucopyranosiduronate) and 17alpha-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide (3-hydroxyestra
      1,3,5(10)-trien-17alpha-yl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronate), have been identified in
      small but significant amounts in avian urine and in a ratio of approximately 2:1
      after intramuscular injection of [4-14C]estrone.

PMID- 173451
TI  - Cysteine biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium: the presence of ATP-sulfurylase
      and APS-kinase in various cysteine-requiring mutants.
AB  - Enzymatic tests were performed on a series of cysteine-requiring mutants for the
      presence of the sulfate activating enzymes. ATP-sulfurylase (sulfate
      adenylyltransferase EC 2.7.7.4) and APS-kinase (adenylylsulfate kinase EC
      2.7.1.25). The enzymatic products adenosine 5'-[35S]sulfatophosphate and
      adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-[35S]sulfatophosphate were identified by paper
      electrophoresis and measured quantitatively without elution from the paper. Cys
      mutants mapping in cistrons, A, H, I, J, G, and Ea contain both enzymes. Mutation
      in the D cistron leads to the loss of ATP-sulfurylase. Mutants mapping in the C
      cistron lack APS-kinase. Ba, Bb, and Bc mutants lack both enzymes. The control of
      the synthesis of these enzymes by cysteine was examined. Both enzymes are missing
      when cells are grown on cysteine.

PMID- 173452
TI  - Studies on adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system of the myopathic hamster (UM-X7.1)
      skeletal and cardiac muscles.
AB  - Cyclic AMP content, adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) activity and phosphodiesterase
      I (EC 3.1.4.1) activity of the hind leg skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in 60-
      and 150-day-old normal and myopathic (UM-X7.1) hamsters were examined. In 60-day
      old myopathic animals, cardiac cyclic AMP levels were higher and
      phosphodiesterase I activity was lower, without any changes in the basal
      adenylate cyclase activity, whereas in 150-day-old myopathic hamsters, cardiac
      cyclic AMP and basal adenylate cyclase activity were lower, without any changes
      in the homogenate phosphodiesterase I activity. On the other hand, basal
      adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase I activities in the skeletal muscle
      homogenate from 60- and 150-day-old myopathic animals were not different from the
      normal values but the skeletal muscle cyclic AMP levels were significantly less
      in 60-day-old myopathic hamsters only. The plasma cyclic AMP levels in 60-day-old
      myopathic hamsters, unlike 150-day-old myopathic animals, were higher than the
      normal. Although these results reveal differences in myopathic cardiac and
      skeletal muscles, it is concluded that changes in adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP
      system in myopathy are dependent upon the degree of disease.

PMID- 173453
TI  - Evidence for 16alpha-hydroxylation of estrone 3-sulphate by guinea pig liver
      slices.
AB  - [6,7-3H,35S]Estrone 3-sulfate (E13S) of 3H/35S = 3.57 was incubated with female
      guinea pig liver slices. Small amounts of free steroid and estrone-3-glucuronide,
      each containing 3H, were found. In addition, E13S, 17beta-estradiol 3-sulfate,
      and a 'disulfate' fraction, with 3H/35S = 4.4, 4.3, and 4.7, respectively, were
      also isolated from the incubated tissue. The latter fraction was a major
      metabolite and about 45% of it consisted of 'disulfates' of 16alpha
      hydroxyestrone and estriol, thus providing strong evidence for 16alpha
      hydroxylation in guinea pig liver slices.

PMID- 173454
TI  - Mammary tumor virus and host genome in the transmission and causation of mammary
      tumors in mice.

PMID- 173456
TI  - Primary oat cell carcinoma of the larynx: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - An extrapulmonary oat cell carcinoma arising in the larynx is described.
      Ultrastructurally the tumor is identical to the oat cell carcinoma of pulmonary
      origin. The pressure of neurosecretory granules in our case strongly suggests
      that the tumor is derived from Kulchitsky-like cells, a histogenesis previously
      proposed for oat cell carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 173455
TI  - The pathology of invasive breast cancer. A syllabus derived from findings of the
      National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (protocol no. 4).
AB  - The inter-relationships of 32 pathologic and 7 clinical parameters encountered in
      the study of 1000 examples of invasive breast carcinoma have been presented. In
      some instances the biological significance of these associations is at present
      unclear. In others it is to be noted that there is no information provided as to
      the rank of their significance. Nevertheless, the associations that were
      encountered not only help further characterize the various forms of breast cancer
      but also provide information regarding the possible biological significance of
      some of their features. Although it is not our intention to minimize the possible
      significance of the inter-relationships of pathologic parameters, most emphasis
      in the summarizing statements which follow has been placed upon those
      correlations which may relate to prognosis. In this regard reference has been
      made to  short-term treatment failure, vis a vis local recurrence and/or
      metastases, which may not necessarily accurately reflect patient survival,
      although generally such a relationship exists. Information in this regard as well
      as to the rank of the significance of these pathologic features shall be
      forthcoming when sufficient time has elapsed since the inception of this study to
      allow for such conclusions, i.e. survival or long-term treatment failure rates.
      Lastly, it becomes evident that the guidelines followed in the examination of
      these specimens appear to represent at least the minimum requirements necessary
      for a meaningful pathologic evaluation of breast carcinoma.

PMID- 173457
TI  - Ultrastructural study of a postinflammatory "tumor" of the lung.
AB  - A typical postinflammatory "tumor" of the lung was resected from an asymptomatic
      22-year-old white woman. Light and electron microscopic studies showed the lesion
      to be composed of metaplastic pneumonocytes, proliferated stroma, and chronic
      inflammatory cells. These findings confirm the inflammatory nature of the lesion
      and serve to distinguish this lesion from the neoplastic pulmonary sclerosing
      hemangioma.

PMID- 173458
TI  - Cellular immunity in neoplasia. Antigen and mitogen responses in patients with
      bronchiogenic carcinoma.
AB  - Cellular immune responses of patients with histologically confirmed lung
      carcinoma were assessed in vivo using cutaneous response and in vitro with a
      microlymphocyte blastogenic transformation (LBT) assay. In addition, correlation
      of the cutaneous response with the migration inhibitory factor (MIF) assay and
      LBT response was examined. The results indicated that cutaneous responses seen in
      patients with cancer of the lung were consistently lower than similar responses
      in normal controls (p less than 0.001). Similarily, the percentage of positive
      cutaneous responses seen with patients included in this study was lower than the
      frequencies reported by others. Stimulation of cells from lung cancer patients by
      PHA-M was also depressed when compared to similar lymphocytic responses in normal
      volunteers (p less than 0.001). The correlation between cutaneous response to
      tuberculin and the in vitro assays was high. The few instances of disparity
      demonstrate the need to utilize more than one assay in evaluating cellular immune
      functions. These data would support the work of others that indicate a depression
      of cellular immunity in advanced malignancy.

PMID- 173459
TI  - The urinary excretion of corticosteroid sulfates by cancer patients.
AB  - Urinary excretions of free cortisol and corticosteroid sulfates were determined
      in 31 female controls, 77 breast cancer patients, 14 cases of colonic cancer, and
      7 patients with bronchial carcinoma. Elevated corticosteroid sulfate excretion
      was present in 38% of patients with locally recurrent breast cancer and 30% of
      those with distant metastases, but in only 13% of the "early" breast cancer
      cases. A similar abnormality was seen in colonic cancer. Urinary free cortisol
      was usually normal. ACTH stimulation in a normal subject produced marked
      increases of both urinary free cortisol and corticosteroid sulfates. It is
      concluded that elevated corticosteroid sulfate excretion in cancer patients
      arises from an increased cortisol production rate combined with increased
      sulfurylation of the steroid. In bronchial carcinoma patients, changes similar to
      those occurring in the ACTH-treated normal subject may have resulted from ectopic
      ACTH production in the tumor.

PMID- 173460
TI  - Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone.
AB  - A review of over 400 primary bone tumors yielded 11 lesions with features
      allowing classification as malignant fibrous histiocytoma on a purely
      histological basis. Correlation with roentgenograms and clinical data indicated
      that these tumors occurred as osteolytic lesions associated with a high incidence
      of pathologic fractures in the metaphyses of skeletally mature long bones. Nine
      patients developed pulmonary metastases and 3 developed lymph node metastases
      within 21 months following diagnosis. The average survival was 12 months in 6 of
      the 9 patients who had no secondary treatment in their metastases. Treatment of 3
      patients with metastatic lesions with chemotherapy or radiotherapy has been
      clinically encouraging. Some evidence was obtained that either or both the
      histiocytic and fibroblastic component may metastasize. There is a need for
      biopsy of metastatic lesions and autopsy followup to more accurately assess the
      mode of spread and histologic type of the metastases.

PMID- 173461
TI  - Childhood Hodgkin's disease in Israel. A study of 17 cases.
AB  - A study of 17 children suffering from Hodgkin's disease (H.D.) is presented. The
      special ethnic distribution with predominance in Arab and Oriental Jewish
      children is noted. A high incidence of mixed cellularity histology in Arab
      children is emphasized. A conservative approach to therapy, i.e. extended field
      regional radiotherapy only, resulted in a long first complete remission period in
      lymphocyte predominance and nodular sclerosis H.D. Stages IA and IIA. All
      children in Stage IIIB and IV were treated by six courses of combined
      chemotherapy, and were maintained either on chlorambucil and vinblastine or on
      MOPP. Patients with mixed cellularity H.D. Stage IIA and all patients in Stage
      IIIA were treated by four courses of MOPP after the completion of extended
      regional radiotherapy. The 5 children who did not receive the schedules treatment
      died. The remaining 12 are well, with a survival of 8 to 104 months.

PMID- 173463
TI  - The pituitary gland of the coelacanth fish Latimeria chalumnae Smith: general
      structure and adenohypophysial cell types.
AB  - The pituitary gland of Latimeria chalumnae is situated rostroventral to the
      telencephalon. The hollow pituitary stalk is bent forward and is ventrally
      connected to a saccus-vasculosus-like organ, rostrally to a neurointermediate
      lobe. The infundibular lumen protrudes far into the neurohypophysial lobules. The
      elongated principal part (pars cerebralis) of the pars distalis is partly
      embedded in a dorsal depression of the pars intermedia and caudally invaded by
      the neurohypophysis. It may be divided into rostral and proximal pars distalis
      and includes a ramified hypophysial cleft, which continues rostrally as a duct
      with adjacent islets of pars distalis tissue (parts of a pars buccalis). The
      adenohypophysis consists of cell cords and follicles. Eight tinctorial cell types
      can be distinguished: in the rostral islets: large basophils with acidophil
      globules, in the rostral pars distalis: small basophils, large basophils with
      amphiphil characters and erythrosin-, orange G-positive acidophils; in the
      proximal pars distalis: orange G-positive acidophils and small and large
      basophils, having similar staining properties; in the pars intermedia: one
      amphiphil cell type.

PMID- 173462
TI  - Investigations on the turnover of adrenocortical mitochondria. III. Stereologic
      and autoradiographic observations on the effect of chronic treatment with
      dexamethasone on the rat Zona fasciculata mitochondria.
AB  - The effects of chronic administration of dexamethasone (for up to 15 consecutive
      days) on both the morphology and DNA-synthesis of the mitochondria of the rat
      adrenal zona fasciculata were investigated by stereologic and autoradiographic
      techniques. Up to the 3rd day of continuous dexamethasone treatment, the average
      volume of mitochondria did not change, whereas the number of mitochondria per
      cell was significantly decreased. From the 3rd to the 15th day of hormonal
      administration both the volume and number of mitochondria were found to decrease
      in proportion to the duration of treatment. Autoradiography showed that after the
      3rd day of dexamethasone administration there is virtually no incorporation of 3H
      thymidine into the mitochondrial compartment. These findings are discussed in the
      light of evidence indicating that dexamethasone blocks ACTH-release by inhibiting
      the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. The results confirm the view that ACTH controls
      the maintenance of growth and proliferation of rat adrenocortical mitochondria.

PMID- 173464
TI  - Variability of the effects of serum-free medium, dibutyryl-cyclic AMP or
      theophylline on the morphology of cultured new-born rat astroblasts.
AB  - The effects of serum deprivation, of dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (dBcAMP) and of
      theophylline on the morphology of cultured new-born rat astroblasts have been
      studied using Eagle's basal medium (BME) or Eagle's minimum essential medium
      (MEM) as culture media. Serum deprivation had no effect on cells cultured in BME,
      while in MEM, deprivation induced a rapid morphological transformation involving
      the appearance of multiple processes. This phenomenon was rapidly reversible when
      serum was again added. In serum-supplemented BME, dB-cAMP (1 mM) and theophylline
      (1 mM) had no effect. In serum-supplement MEM, theophylline (1 mM) had no effect
      while dB-cAMP (1 mM) induced a slower and poorly reversible morphological
      alteration. On the other hand cells in serum-free BME showed multiple processes
      after addition of dB-cAMP (1 mM) or theophylline (1 mM). This rapid alteration
      was completely reversed either by removal of dB-cAMP and theophylline or by
      addition of serum.

PMID- 173465
TI  - Monoamine fluorescence in the median eminence of the Japanese quail, Coturnix
      coturnix japonica, following medial basal hypothalamic deafferentation.
AB  - Monoamine fluorescence was examined in the ventral hypothalamus of the Japanese
      quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica after medial basal hypothalamic
      deafferentation. In sham-operated control birds, numerous yellow-green
      fluorescent fibers were observed in the median eminence and the nucleus tuberis.
      In the area of the paraventricular organ, a number of fluorescent fibers and cell
      bodies were observed. In birds with deafferented hypothalami, fluorescence
      disappeared both in the median eminence and the nucleus tuberis. In the area of
      the paraventricular organ, which was within the area of deafferentation,
      fluorescence of neuronal perikarya did not change, but fluorescent fibers
      decreased markedly in number. Disappearance of monoamine fluorescence in the
      median eminence and the nucleus tuberis is discussed in relation to the tanycyte
      absorptive function and gonadaly development.

PMID- 173466
TI  - Subcellular compartmentation of free and esterified cholesterol in the
      interstitial cells of the mouse testis.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of free and esterified cholesterol in mouse testis
      and the changes occurring in cholesterol content of whole testes and cell
      fractions after inhibition of gonadotropins with methallibure (ICI 33, 828) and
      restimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are reported in the present
      paper. In subcellular fractions, the bulk of free cholesterol is associated with
      organelles sedimented in the microsomal fraction while esterified cholesterol is
      mainly stored in isolated lipid droplets. The latter compartment increases in
      methallibure-treated mice 2.3 fold and is remarkably depleted after
      administration of HCG. There is a close parallelism between the changes in
      esterified cholesterol content and the variation in the numbers of lipid droplets
      found in electron micrographs of interstitial cells of mice receiving similar
      treatments. By contrast no significant changes were noticed in either free
      cholesterol concentrations of the microsomal fractions or in the fine structure
      of organelles associated with this fraction. The dynamic nature of
      steroidogenesis in the microsomal fraction requires the existence of a free
      cholesterol pool with a high turnover rate for use as an intermediate in androgen
      synthesis. On the other hand, the large content of free cholesterol in microsomes
      and its stability under different conditions suggest the presence of a
      cholesterol compartment with a slow turnover, as a constituent of the membranes.

PMID- 173467
TI  - Cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein fraction levels in 122 healthy
      Malawians.

PMID- 173468
TI  - Isolation of the plasma membrane from sea urchin embryos.
AB  - A method for isolation of sea urchin embryos plasma membranes is described.
      Purification of the obtained fraction was assayed by several enzymatic markers
      and electron microscopy. The isolated plasma membranes appear to be pure from
      contamination of other cell membranes (endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria),
      and they can therefore be used for analytical studies on the composition and
      structure of plasma membrane.

PMID- 173469
TI  - Effects of levamisole and imidazole on lymphocyte proliferation and cyclic
      nucleotide levels.

PMID- 173470
TI  - Antibody-dependent lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity mechanism and modulation by
      cyclic nucleotides.

PMID- 173472
TI  - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of hepatic tumours (author's transl)].

PMID- 173471
TI  - Studies of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by the virus plaque assay.

PMID- 173473
TI  - [Effect of irradiation on the level of ADH and on the activity of adenyl cyclase,
      phosphodiesterase and protein kinase].

PMID- 173474
TI  - [Hypothyroidism as a cause of retarded speech development. Importance of bone age
      measurement].

PMID- 173475
TI  - [Reaction of sexual hypothalamic centers in three patients with 46,XX on
      estrogens (author's transl)].

PMID- 173476
TI  - Contrasting effects of hypoglycemia on plasma renin activity and cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in low renin and normal renin essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Insulin-induced hypoglycemia previously has been shown to provoke a beta
      adrenergic response that normally results in an increase in plasma renin activity
      (PRA). In our study, hypoglycemia induced definite increases in PRA in a group of
      five patients with normal renin essential hypertension but failed to do so in a
      group of six patients with low renin essential hypertension. In both groups,
      plasma cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP; cAMP) increased more
      than 2-fold during hypoglycemia, but the response in the low renin group was
      significantly less than that previously observed in normal subjects under the
      same conditions. Plasma cortisol increased to an equal extent in both groups of
      hypertensive patients during hypoglycemia. Infusion of the phosphodiesterase
      inhibitor, theophylline, resulted in definite increases of PRA in patients with
      normal renin hypertension but not in patients with low renin hypertension.
      Because changes in the level of plasma cAMP during hypoglycemia have been thought
      to reflect adrenal catecholamine release, our finding of a blunted increase in
      plasma cAMP during hypoglycemia in patients with low renin hypertension may
      suggest that there is a generalized alteration in adrenergic responsiveness in
      this condition.

PMID- 173477
TI  - Combined para-aminosalicylic acid and dietary therapy in long-term control of
      hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (Types IIa and IIb
      hyperlipoproteinemia).
AB  - The hypolipidemic effect of PAS-C-diet treatment was studied in 63 patients with
      Types IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinemia for 6-36 months. Serum lipids and body
      weights of all patients were stabilized by a low cholesterol-saturated fat
      refined carbohydrate diet before the initiation of an eight-week placebo-drug
      single-blind crossover study. During the placebo period the plasma lipids levels,
      mean +/- SD: cholesterol 355 +/- 63.5 mg%, triglyceride 141 +/- 68.7 mg%, and LDL
      cholesterol 279 +/- 56.8 mg% were lowered to 274 +/- 53.1 mg+, 98 +/- 40.6 mg%,
      and 209 +/- 52.9 mg%, respectively (P less than 0.001 in each instance), with 7.5
      11.0 grams of PAS-C/day given in one to three divided doses. In ten patients who
      have completed three years of treatment similar results were obtained. They
      showed no tendency to develop drug tolerance. Eight had watery diarrhea during
      the initial period which promptly subsided with interruption of drug therapy.
      Reintroduction of PAS-C in smaller dose (4.5 g/day) with gradual increment to
      effective dosage level was tolerated by all. No hematologic, hepatic, and
      ophthalmologic abnormalities were demonstrated by periodic monitoring. The
      hypoplipidemic effect of the drug was found to be diminished by alcohol and
      caloric excess.

PMID- 173478
TI  - Serum beta -- lipoproteins: studies in a patient and in guinea pigs after the
      ingestion of organophosphorus compounds.
AB  - A patient admitted to this hospital with Parathion poisoning had a marked
      reduction in serum cholinesterase activity and concentration of low density
      lipoprotein. The enzyme and the lipoprotein levels returned to normal with
      clinical recovery. Guinea pigs treated with phospholine iodide showed depressed
      levels of serum cholinesterase and beta-lipoprotein. It is suggested that the
      decrease in beta-lipoproteins is due to the decrease in cholinesterase activity.

PMID- 173479
TI  - Enzymatic determinations of cholesterol in high-density-lipoprotein fractions
      prepared by a precipitation technique.
AB  - An enzymatic method for cholesterol in serum [Clin. Chem. 20, 470 (1974)] was
      initially found to be unsatisfactory for measuring cholesterol in high-density
      lipoprotein fractions prepared by precipitation with Mn2+. A fine precipitate
      formed in the cuvette and cholesterol values were falsely increased. We describe
      a simple, convenient method for circumventing these problems. An
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate solution is used to reconstitute the enzymatic
      reagent. Cholesterol values by this procedure correlated with those obtained by
      the Lipid Research Clinic's procedure for the same lipoprotein fraction
      preparations (regression slope, .998; Y-intercept, 8.9 mg/liter; correlation
      coefficient, .984; standard error of the estimate, 16.8 mg/liter). Precision of
      the assay, including the precipitation step, was calculated. The SDwithin day was
      9.7 mg/liter and SDoverall was 23.7 mg/liter. Results for total cholesterol with
      the modified reagent were linearly related to concentrations exceeding 4 g/liter,
      thereby permitting determination of high-density-lipoproteins and total
      cholesterol in a single run.

PMID- 173480
TI  - Inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on cortisol secretion following
      adrenal stimulation in children.
AB  - Measurements of plasma cortisol values before and at 4 and 6 hours after
      intramuscular administration of a depot preparation of synthetic b1-24
      corticotrophin were carried out in 12 healthy children (group B) before, as well
      as on the 5th day of continuous ascorbic acid (AA) administration (1 g t.i.d.
      orally). Comparison of the results in group B with those of 8 healthy children
      similarly treated with corticotrophin but not given AA (group A) showed that, on
      the 5th day of AA administration the mean cortisol values after ACTH were
      significantly lower than the corresponding values in group A (p less than 0.02),
      or the post-ACTH values in group B observed on the 1st experimental day, i.e.,
      before AA administration (p less than 0.001). On the other hand, AA
      administration had no significant effect on the fasting plasma cortisol values.
      These data suggest that AA excess following adrenal stimulation with ACTH exerts
      an inhibitory effect on cortisol secretion and consequently it may be of no
      benefit in conditions of stress.

PMID- 173481
TI  - On the metabolism of lipoprotein-X (LP-X).
AB  - The characteristic low-density lipoprotein of cholestasis (LP-X) earlier
      described for humans is found with identical properties in dogs and rats after
      experimental cholestasis. After ligation of the common bile duct, LP-X may be
      detected in the plasma within the first 20 hours. A period of marked increase in
      concentration is followed by decreasing plasma concentrations and LP-X becomes
      undetectable 7-10 days after ligation of the bile duct in rats. High plasma bile
      salt concentration may alter the structural integrity of LP-X and may in part be
      responsible for its disappearance after long-lasting and severe biliary
      obstruction. Plasma decay curves for isolated LP-X injected intravenously into
      healthy animals revealed a rapid early fall in concentration followed by a
      gradual decline. The calculated fractional catabolic rate of LP-X was found to be
      0.450 +/- 0.069 for dogs and 1.553 +/- 0.096 for rats corresponding to a mean
      biological half life of 37.7 +/- 6.4 h or 10.7 +/- 0.6 h, respectively. In vitro
      LP-X degradation occurs in post-heparin plasma, however, it seems to be too early
      to speculate on the enzyme activity and on the mode of action responsible for
      this disappearance.

PMID- 173482
TI  - A rapid, enzymatic assay for measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate in biological
      samples.
AB  - An enzymatic assay for measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in biological
      samples is described using the UDPG pyrophosphorylase reaction and coupling it
      with three other enzymes in a system of phosphorylation and double reduction to
      form NADPH, which is measured fluorometrically. The method is specific for PPi in
      the presence of inorganic orthophosphate and can be used on small volumes of
      deproteinized ultrafiltrates of fluids or cell extracts. The assay was used here
      to determine the concentration of PPi in human plasma and serum, and the
      intracellular content of PPi in human skin fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and red
      blood cells. The mean PPi concentration of plasma was found to be 2.72 +/- 0.14
      muM (mumo/l +/- S.E.M.); for serum it was 6.09 +/- 0.36 muM. The range (95%
      confidence limits) was 2.14-3.30 muM for plasma and 4.62-7.51 muM for serum. The
      average intracellular PPi content (pmoles PPi per 10(6) cells +/- S.E.M.) was as
      follows: (a) skin fibroblasts, 332 +/- 66; (b) articular chondrocytes, 655 +/-
      46; red blood cells, 1.74 +/- 0.28.

PMID- 173484
TI  - Two cases of the chromatin positive variety of ovarian dysgenesis (XO/XX
      mosaicism) associated with hGH deficiency and marginal impairment of other
      hypothalamic-pituitary functions.
AB  - Plasma hGH response to provocative tests (insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and
      arginine infusion) appears normal in Turner's syndrome. Two cases are reported of
      the chromatin positive variety of ovarian dysgenesis (XO/XX mosaicism) with
      unusual absence of plasms hGH response to provocative tests (arginine infusion,
      insulin-induced hypoglycaemia). Study of other pituitary functions supports the
      view that a hypothalamic-pituitary impairment is present in these cases. In fact,
      in these cases we observed low values of gonadotrophin excretion and limited
      responses of plasma ACTH and plasma corticosteroids to provocative tests (insulin
      induced hypoglycaemia, metopyrone). Moreover, markedly abnormal plasma TSH
      response to TRF was observed in Case 2. The results are discussed with reference
      to the significance of this rare association.

PMID- 173483
TI  - Action of metabolic inhibitors on the release of intracellular enzymes from human
      and rat lymphocytes and human erythrocytes.
AB  - A number of inhibitors of glycolysis and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation
      have been shown to increase the leakage of intracellular enzymes from
      preparations of rat lymphocytes and human lymphocytes and erythrocytes. The
      effect of each reagent on all three cell preparations is reversed in the presence
      of ATP in the medium. ADP is somewhat less effective. AMP exerts a slight
      protective effect on the human cells, but causes an increase in enzyme efflux
      from the rat cells. This species difference appears to be related to the
      concentration of adenylate kinase activity in the cells. The results are
      interpreted as supporting the theory that membrane permeability to enzymes and
      other intracellular proteins is dependent upon the energy content of the cell.

PMID- 173485
TI  - Induction and in Vitro demonstration of cellular immunity to DNA and RNA viruses
      in guinea-pigs.
AB  - Guinea-pigs were immunized with different cells infected with vaccinia virus,
      herpes simplex virus type 1, herpesvirus saimiri, and the virus of vesicular
      stomatitis. Development of cellular immunity against these viruses was observed
      with transformation of blood and spleen lymphocytes and with the migration
      inhibition test using peritoneal exudate cells. Cellular immunity against
      vaccinia virus was first seen 6 days after the inoculation of cell-bound vaccinia
      virus by lymphocyte transformation. The avtivation of the vaccinia virus specific
      cellular immune response could be induced with tissue culturrus. Since infectious
      virus particles are not synthesized within this time period, it is likely that
      virus-induced antigens in the cell surface are active in production of cellular
      immunity. Vaccines from heterologous host cells were more effective inducers of
      an immune response than syngeneic cell cultures. For in vitro testing of cellular
      immunity to viruses, viral antigens could be used in both infective and
      inactivated form. Delayed hypersensitivity to viral antigens was always
      accompanied by immune reactions to the host cells used for virus propagation.

PMID- 173486
TI  - E and EAC rosetting lymphocytes in patients with carcinoma of bronchus I. Some
      parameters of the test and of its prognostic significance.
AB  - Using peripheral blood lymphocytes separated by a Ficoll method and suspended in
      saline, means of 77-1% (s.d. 5-2) E rosettes (T lymphocytes) and 20-1% (s.d. 6-7)
      EAC rosettes (B lymphocytes) have been obtained with normal healthy donors.
      Poorer E-rosette formation resulted from higher centrifugation speeds during the
      washing of lymphocytes or erythrocytes, insufficient chilling, or rough handling.
      The presence of 5% albumin in the final mixture stabilized the rosettes and
      brought a constant subpopulation of B lymphocytes into rosetting. In patients
      with bronchial carcinoma who, at the time of diagnosis, had E-rosette percentages
      below 1 s.d. of the mean for normal donors, the length of survival was
      significantly shorter than in those with normal or high values. The same was true
      for those in whom null cells were detected. In each case the correlation effect
      was mainly found in the group of patients with squamous carcinoma.

PMID- 173487
TI  - Adverse reactions to Zn1-24 ACTH therapy associated with specific cellular
      immunity.
AB  - Lymphocyte transformation to 1-24ACTH, as assessed by the incorporation of
      tritiated thymidine, has been demonstrated to be associated with severe adverse
      reactions occurring in patients receiving a Zn-linked 1-24ACTH preparation (Tetra
      cosactrin depot, 'Synacthen'). Antibodies measured with an isotope-binding assay
      occurred commonly in all patients receiving therapy and did not correlate with
      adverse reactions. Lymphocyte transformation with the 1-24ACTH polypeptide, a
      part of the naturally occurring ACTH molecule, has not been previously recorded.
      The significance of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity to this polypeptide
      hormone is discussed.

PMID- 173489
TI  - Effect of oral contraceptives on plasma clearance.
AB  - The effects of chronic steroid contraceptive therapy on drug clearance from
      plasma were studied by using plasma antipyrine, phenylbutazone, and
      cholecalciferol half-lives in women. After 3 mo of oral steroid therapy (Norinyl,
      2 mg; norethindrone + mestranol), the antipyrine half-life was increased in 3 of
      6 subjects, phenylbutazone half-life was not consistently altered, and vitamin D3
      half-life was increased in 3 of 4 patients. After 1 to 7 yr of oral steroid
      theraphy, the antipyrine half-life was longer while taking the contraceptive than
      when the contraceptive treatment was discontinued in 4 of 6 subjects, whereas
      that of phenylbutazone was not consistently altered.

PMID- 173490
TI  - Effects of repeated doses of scopolamine on the electroencephalographic stages of
      sleep in normal volunteers.
AB  - Single doses of scopolamine markedly alter sleep patterns in man. This study
      intended to evaluate the persistence of these changes during continued
      administration. The design consisted of a sequence of habituation, no-medication,
      saline (control), scopolamine (0.006 mg/kg intramuscularly 3 consecutive nights),
      and saline. The first dose of scopolamine markedly retarded the onset of stage
      rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (p less than 0.005) and diminished the total
      amount of REM sleep during the night (p less than 0.025). A decrease in total
      number of eye movements (p less than 0.05) and an increase in body movements (p
      less than 0.025) were also observed. Changes after the second dose of scopolamine
      were less marked but still significant. The third dose of scopolamine produced
      less marked changes than the preceding two. When compared with the first
      scopolamine night, the onset of stage REM was retarded to a lesser extent (p less
      than 0.05) and the total amount of REM sleep was increased (p less than 0.05). An
      increase in the duration of the first REM period was also observed. Rebound
      effects on the appearance of the first REM period (p less than 0.01), number of
      eye movements (p less than 0.001), total amount of REM sleep (p less than 0.01),
      and body movements were observed in the last saline night.

PMID- 173488
TI  - The complement system in cryoglobulinaemia. Interaction with immunoglobulins and
      lipoproteins.
AB  - Serum from a patient with an IgM-lipoprotein cryoglobulin, both before and after
      removal of the cryoprecipitate at 0 degrees C, had extremely low levels of whole
      complement (C), C1, C4 and C2, while amounts of the remaining components were
      normal or only slightly reduced. The cryopredipitate, when added to fresh normal
      human serum, reproduced this pattern of C fixation. Separation of the patients's
      serum at 37 degrees C into its lipoprotein, IgG and IgM fractions revealed that
      the IgM alone would precipitate at 0 degrees C. This precipitation was unaffected
      by the patients's IgG, but was markedly enhanced by extremely small amounts of
      the patient's d less than 1-075 lipoprotein fraction or of homologous very low
      density lipoprotein (VLDL). Aggregation occurred even at 37 degrees C in the
      presence of VLDL. Fixation of semi-purified human C1 paralleled these results
      closely: it occurred with the patient's IgM alone at 0 degrees but not at 37
      degrees C, while IgM in the presence of the patient's lipoprotein, or of VLDL
      from normal serum, fixed C1 strongly at 37 degrees as well as at 0 degrees C. Fab
      dimers and monomers prepared from the patient's IgM did not aggregate in the
      cold, even in the presence of lipoprotein, and did not inhibit the aggregation of
      intact IgM in the presence of VLDL, at any temperature. All three highly purified
      IgM cryoglobulins, and three of four IgG cryoglobulins, fixed C1 strongly. The
      IgG preparation which failed to fix C1 was the only one which had lost its
      cryoprecipitability during purification. Measurement of C3 or whole C levels may
      be an insensitive method for detecting C fixation in cryoglobulinaemia. It is
      suggested that analysis for C1, C4 or C2 should be employed instead.

PMID- 173491
TI  - Calcium balance in drug-induced osteomalacia: response to vitamin D.
AB  - The effect of oral vitamin D3 therapy on calcium balance was compared in 18
      institutionalized subjects with drug-induced osteomalacia and in 18 similar
      subjects without osteomalacia. The subjects with osteomalacia were receiving
      standard doses of phenytoin and phenobarbital. Diagnosis of osteomalacia was
      based on low serum calcium and phosphorus, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and
      appropriate roentgenographic bone changes. The study group achieved positive
      calcium balance at approximately 975 IU of vitamin D3 per day, while the control
      group achieved positive calcium balance at approximately 380 IU of vitamin D3 per
      day. The difference is highly significant (p less than 0.001). These data support
      previous observations that the osteomalacia of patients receiving anticonvulsant
      drugs is related to the drugs and that these patients require supplemental doses
      of vitamin D.

PMID- 173492
TI  - Variations in thyroid function and sleep in healthy young men.
AB  - 1. The total serum thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine resin uptake, total plasma
      protein concentration and the free thyroxine index (FTI) were determined
      repeatedly, at 07.15, 13.00 and 22.30 hours over 4 days, in six healthy young
      men. 2. There was a significant diurnal variation in the total serum thyroxine
      concentration but this reflected changes in the binding capacity of serum
      proteins and in the total plasma protein concentration which could be explained
      by changes of posture. The FTI, and presumably therefore the free thyroxine
      concentration, varied very little with the time of day. 3. The FTI varied
      significantly from day to day in three of the six subjects, presumably as a
      result of changes in thyroxine secretion because the serum binding capacity did
      not vary. 4. The subjects' sleep at night was assessed by electro-encephalogram.
      In days when the FTI was highest for a particular subject his sleep was more
      fragmented by spontaneous awakenings, the amount of rapid-eye-movement sleep was
      reduced and that of delta-wave sleep was increased, implying that variations in
      thyroid function over a period of a few days in healthy subjects can be of
      physiological significance. The cause of these variations is uncertain.

PMID- 173493
TI  - [Coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension in the black African. 42
      coronary patients and 100 hypertension patients].

PMID- 173494
TI  - Investigations on the ability of antisera produced by Pr-beta-HCG-TT to
      neutralize the biological activity of HCG.

PMID- 173495
TI  - The diagnostic value of serial brain scanning.
AB  - A survey of the literature pertaining to several serial brain scanning procedures
      has been presented. These procedures include rapid brain imaging, sequential
      brain imaging, delayed from imaging, and follow-up brain imaging. Applications of
      these techniques to specific clinical problems have been stressed and the
      reported results reviewed. Thus, it has been indicated that rapid brain imaging
      is most useful in detecting lesions secondary to cerebrovascular disease but may
      also provide some helpful information pertaining to the differential diagnosis of
      other C.N.S. lesions demonstrated on subsequent static brain scans. Sequential
      brain imaging is a time-consuming adjunctive procedure which, however, can be
      extraordinarily helpful in a highly selected group of problem cases which present
      with relatively small lesions adjacent to normal anatomic structures which
      themselves have considerable radioactivity. Delayed brain imaging has the
      distinction of detecting the greatest number of intracranial lesions but is
      attended by tactical problems in maintaining an optimal patient flow through the
      department and also has the undesirable consequence of reduced information
      density and diminished image quality, unless greater radiation doses are
      injected. Follow-up brain imaging is useful in the differential diagnosis of
      cerebrovascular and neoplastic disease and in the assessment of effectiveness of
      radiation therapy.

PMID- 173496
TI  - Epidermal and other congenital organoid nevi.

PMID- 173497
TI  - Supraspinal participation in the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on viscero
      somatic reflex discharges.

PMID- 173498
TI  - Radiation-enhanced murine sarcoma virus genome rescue activity.
AB  - Although the doses of X-ray (312-2,500 R) used for irradiation of cells caused
      impairment of DNA synthesis and cell replication, co-cultivation of X-irradiated
      MuLV- carrier cells with un-irradiated nonproducer cells of MSV-induced tumour
      resulted in as much as 20-fold increase in MSV retrieval compared with the un
      irradiated control. The enhancement was apparent also as a 3-fold increase in the
      number of cells producing MSV (infectious centers) in the co-cultivation plate.
      This suggested that the MSV genome rescue efficiency in terms of MSV per cell, as
      well as the number of cells producing MSV, increased markedly. By uridine-3H
      labeling and focus assay experiments, evidence was presented which suggested that
      an increase in MSV/MuLV ratio in the culture fluid of co-cultivation plates was
      obtained when the MuLV-carrier cells were pre-irradiated. By contrast, X
      irradiation of the nonproducer cells prior to co-cultivation caused only
      reductions of MSV genome rescue efficiency. However, use of X-irradiated MuLV
      carrier cells for co-cultivation with X-irradiated nonproducer cells restored
      this efficiency to some extent. The dose-survival curve of the nonproducer cells
      was not much different from those of the MuLV-carrier cells after X-irradiation.
      It was suggested that the viability of nonproducer cells was required for
      replication of MuLV transferred from the carrier cells and for subsequent MSV
      genome rescue.

PMID- 173499
TI  - Anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibody in patients with cancer of various sites and
      control groups.
AB  - Sera collected from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC, 321 cases),
      cancer of the other sites (297 cases), diseases of the ear, nose and throat (64
      cases) and neighborhood controls matched for age and sex (817 cases) were
      titrated for antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by the indirect
      immunofluorescence antibody technique. High anti-EBV antibody titers (greater
      than or equal to 1:640) were noted in 55% in patients with NPC but only less than
      31% were noted for the other 3 groups. The differences in the distributions of
      anti-EBV antibodies are statistically significant. The geometric mean levels of
      the antibody titers were 1:342 for the patients with NPC but less than 1:178 for
      the other 3 control groups. The relative risks shows that more than 40 times
      higher risk for those with equal to or higher than 1:640 antibody titers than
      those with lower than 1:40. The patients with NPC also show for higher ridit
      scales than the other 3 groups. The etiology of NPC was discussed with our
      findings.

PMID- 173500
TI  - [Peculiarities of primary hyperparathyroidism in childhood].
AB  - Following introductory remarks on the connected literature, a report is given on
      personal experience in the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism
      (p.hpt) in a 14 years old girl. Clinical symptomatology and predominant form of
      organic manifestation as well as special biochemical diagnostic procedures of
      p.hpt in childhood are discussed. The necessity of longterm postoperative
      controls until complete regeneration of skeletal lesions and of adequate
      therapeutic Ca++-substitution is stressed.

PMID- 173501
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of breast carcinoma].

PMID- 173502
TI  - [Paramagnetic probe study of photoinduced rearrangements in photoreceptor
      membranes].

PMID- 173503
TI  - [Structure of unusual ("minimal") forms of type A and C oncornaviruses].

PMID- 173505
TI  - [Spectrophotometric and EPR study of immobilized cytochrome C].

PMID- 173504
TI  - [Study of the self-diffusion of water in biological specimens by the spin echo
      method using the magnetic field impulse gradient].

PMID- 173506
TI  - [Biosynthesis of Escherichia coli polyphosphatases under control of the
      regulatory genes usual for alkaline phosphatase].

PMID- 173507
TI  - [Effect of radiation-protective preparations on the level of cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate (cycl AMP), adenylate cyclase and cycl AMP
      phosphodiesterase].

PMID- 173508
TI  - [Activation by catecholamines and cyclic 3', 5'-AMP of the Krebs cycle limiting
      enzyme--NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase].

PMID- 173509
TI  - [Proton magnetic relaxation in liver and transplantable hepatoma tissues].

PMID- 173510
TI  - [Seasonal rhythms of functional activity of the adrenocorticotropic function of
      the red-cheeked suslik hypophysis].

PMID- 173511
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of 2 C-type oncornaviruses isolated from hamadryas
      baboons with hemoblastosis].

PMID- 173512
TI  - [Photoformation of hydrogen in chlorophyll, NAD-H and chloroplast solutions].

PMID- 173513
TI  - Is the pill carcinogenic?

PMID- 173514
TI  - [Selective ACTH deficiency in two siblings (author's transl)].
AB  - In a previous report (Dtsch. med. Wschr. 97 [1972], 1943) the case of a 5-year
      old boy had been described who, at autopsy, was found to have severe
      adrenocortical hypoplasia and absence of ACTH-producing R-cells of the anterior
      pituitary. On examining other members of his family, his 3 1/2-year old brother
      was found to have selective ACTH deficiency with secondary adrenocortical
      insufficiency. This is the first published report of two siblings with selective
      ACTH deficiency, presumably on a hereditary basis.

PMID- 173515
TI  - [Oncogenic viruses. Mechanisms and theories of tumor etiology from the
      virological viewpoint].

PMID- 173517
TI  - [Etiology and prevention of recurring aphthous stomatitis].
AB  - New results concerning the etiology of recurrent aphthae are reported. According
      to own experiments of the authors, adenoviruses persisting in the epithelial
      cells of the oral mucosa may sensitize the aphthous patient. Adenovirus antigen
      was demonstrable in the oral mucosa cells in more than 50% of the patients and in
      the lymphocytes in approx. 1% of the patients. Lymphoblast transformation in the
      circulating lymphocytes could be demonstrated in vitro with heat-inactivated type
      1 adenovirus, in 75% of the patients. This virus type has been isolated from 2
      patients. Kobner's isomorphous phenomenon could be demonstrated in aphthous
      patients. The use of a disinfectant for mouth rinsing, the removal of foci as
      well as vitamin treatment are recommended for preventing recurrent aphthae.

PMID- 173516
TI  - [An epidemic of milker's nodules in Pirkanmaa in the fall of 1974].

PMID- 173518
TI  - [Extension implantations as an aid in defect-restoring prosthodontics].
AB  - Because of a lack of denture retention, great difficulties are often encountered
      in edentulous patients who require prosthetic treatment of defects in the maxillo
      facial region. The use of enossal implants may enable temporary rehabilitation
      with regard to mastication and speech. The possible range of indication is
      considerably limited in cases of extensive defects of the alveolar process,
      advanced atrophy and by radiological therapy of malignant tumors. The duration of
      therapeutic success is contingent upon most accurate implantation techniques and
      prosthetic treatment as well as the patient's oral hygiene.

PMID- 173519
TI  - Atypical myasthenia gravis. A neurophysiological and pharmacological study.

PMID- 173520
TI  - The effect of ischaemia on neuro-muscular transmission in the Lambert-Eaton
      Syndrome.

PMID- 173521
TI  - Characterization of the androgen receptor in the anterior pituitary of the rat.
AB  - The specific androgen receptors for testosterone (T) and 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the cytosol fraction of the anterior pituitary of
      rats have been further characterized using electrophoresis and isoelectric
      focusing in polyacrylamide gels. After labeling of the cytosol fraction in vivo
      and in vitro, we were able to demonstrate androgen-protein complexes moving with
      an electrophoretic mobility (Rf) of 0.5 in 3.25% acrylamide gels containing 0.5%
      agarose and 10% glycerol. This method was used for quantitative measurements of
      pituitary androgen receptors, allowing multiple samples to be run simultaneously
      with little or no non-specific binding. There was no measurable dissociation of
      the androgen-receptor complexes during electrophoresis. When radioactive
      testosterone (1 nM) was added to pituitary cytosol fractions in vitro, there was
      an increase in the binding up to 4 hours of incubation at 0 C and little or no
      increase between 4 and 24 hours. All the binding studies therefore were done by
      incubation overnight at 0 C. When cytosol fractions were incubated with
      increasing concentrations of radioactive testosterone, a typical saturation curve
      was found. Scatchard plot analysis showed a binding capacity of 12.0
      femtomoles/mg protein and the equilibrium constant of dissociation was estimated
      to be 3.4 +/- 0.7 (SD) X 10(-10)M. Like other androgen-receptor complexes, the
      testosterone-receptor complex in the anterior pituitary gland had an extremely
      slow rate of dissociation at 0 C (t1/2 greater than 4 days). The steroid
      specificity of the cytoplasmic androgen receptors was tested in vitro by the
      competing efficiency of different unlabeled steroids for [3H] testosterone
      binding. T and DHT caused the same inhibition of [3H]T to the receptors. However,
      since metabolism, of DHT to 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol occurred even at
      0 C, the affinity of DHT for the receptor is probably somewhat underestimated.
      Cyproterone acetate had approximately half the affinity for the receptor compared
      with T, whereas lower affinities were found for progesterone and 17beta
      estradiol. Cortisol did not appear to have any affinity for the receptors.
      Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels showed a peak of bound radioactivity
      with an isoelectric point of 5.8. Thus, the characteristics of the cytoplasmic
      androgen receptors of the anterior pituitary gland are very similar to those of
      the androgen receptors described in the ventral prostate, epididymis, and testis.

PMID- 173523
TI  - Effects of hypophysectomy, ovariectomy, and cycloheximide on specific binding
      sites for lactogenic hormones in rat liver.
AB  - We have previously shown that specific binding sites for lactogenic hormones are
      present at much greater levels in the liver membranes of female than of male
      rats. In the present studies [125I]iodo-hGH was used to study binding sites
      specific for lactogenic hormones in liver membranes. In male rats, a single
      injection of 2 mg estradiol valerate induced these binding sites. The induction
      was maximal by 9-12 days and was dose-dependent. Ovariectomy significantly
      reduced the specific binding of [125I]iodo-hGH from 9.7 +/- 0.7% in shamoperated
      to 6.9 +/- 0.3% in experimental rats (P less than 0.01) without a change in
      affinity. Fluctuations in specific binding of [125I]iodo-hGH were observed at
      different stages of the estrous cycle. Binding at estrus and diestrus I was
      significantly greater than at diestrus II and proestrus (P less than 0.05). The
      disappearance of binding sites following hypophysectomy was rapid, declining from
      13.2 +/- 1.2% in intact rats to 6.0 +/- 0.8% and 2.2 +/- 0.4% 14 and 48 h,
      respectively, after surgery. In contrast, binding of insulin was slightly
      increased after hypophysectomy. Anti-estrogens (clomiphene, ICI 46,474, and
      nafoxidine) prevented the induction of binding sites in male rats given estradiol
      (E2). A single injection of 200 mug cycloheximide 11 days after an injection of 2
      mg E2-valerate reduced binding by more than 90% in 3 h with a return to control
      levels by 48 h. The maximal decline in insulin binding was 54% during this entire
      period. These studies suggest that endogenous estrogen plays a role in regulating
      hepatic binding sites for lactogenic hormones. The level of these binding sites
      is critically dependent on the presence of an intact pituitary. The possible
      rapid turnover of these sites suggests that regulatory influences at the tissue
      level may have an important role in modulating hormone action.

PMID- 173522
TI  - Cytoplasmic and nuclear progesterone receptors in the guinea pig uterus.
AB  - Although progesterone receptors have been studied in the uterine cytoplasm of
      many species, relatively little was known about the nuclear content of these
      binding proteins. In the present study, a nuclear progesterone receptor was
      deteced in the guinea pig uterus. The binding of progesterone to the nuclear
      receptor was hormone and tissue specific. Furthermore, the nuclear localization
      of the progesterone receptor complex in the uterus was both time and temperature
      dependent. Since the nuclear receptor was extracted in high salt buffer, the
      effects of KCl on several physical properties of the cytoplasmic and nuclear
      binders were studied. In the presence of high salt, cytosol and nuclear receptors
      were virtually indistinguishable. These proteins were clearly distinguished upon
      removal of the KCl by rapid dialysis: the nuclear receptor had a slower
      sedimentation rate, a faster rate of dissociation and a higher binding affinity
      than did the cytosol receptor for progesterone. We conclude that the cytosol and
      nuclear receptors for progesterone in the guinea pig uterus are distinct
      macromolecules. These observations are consistent with the postulate that the
      cytoplasmic receptor is a precursor of that in the nucleus.

PMID- 173524
TI  - Effect of intrathecal injection of melanotropic-lipolytic peptides on the
      concentration of 3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Rabbits were anesthetized with urethane, and the concentration of 3',5' cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured before
      and after injection into the cisterna magna of the following biologically active
      peptides and amines; adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), beta-melanocyte-stimulating
      hormone (beta-MSH), choroid plexus peptide IIF, arginine vasopressin, oxytocin,
      glucagon, epinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and acetylcholine. Only epinephrine
      and the lipolytic-melanotropic peptides ACTH, beta-MSH, and IIF influenced cAMP.
      Five to 500 mug ACTH caused a 3 to 10X increase in cAMP within 30 min; the
      concentration of nucleotide returned to baseline within 60-90 min after 5 or 50
      mug, and remained elevated for at least 120 min after 500 mug. Effects of the
      same magnitude and tempo as those caused by 5 to 500 mug ACTH were produced by .1
      to 10 mug beta-MSH and 5 to 500 mug IIF. Epinephrine at doses of 5 to 500 mug
      caused rises in cAMP of similar degree as the same dose of ACTH or peptide IIF,
      but the peak value was not reached until 60 to 90 min after injection.

PMID- 173525
TI  - The effect of elevated doses of thyrotropin on mouse thyroid.
AB  - In the course of validating the McKenzie assay it was found that large doses of
      bovine or rat TSH have a retarding effect on hormonal secretion from the thyroid.
      TSH in doses less than 10 mU had a maximal effect on thyroidal secretion at about
      2-3 h after administration. Doses of TSH in excess of 10 mU caused the peak of
      secretion to appear at about 9-10 h and caused, as well, a decreased thyroidal
      iodine release at earlier times. This effect was not due to changes in the
      pattern of iodocompounds secreted by the thyroid or to a change in the clearance
      of the blood [125I] thyroxine. An estimate of the integrated secretion with time
      was linear with log dose up to 100 mU TSH. This pattern of response to TSH is
      also seen when colloid droplet formation is the parameter studied. cAMP
      accumulation shows a different pattern of response to TSH. Control levels of cAMP
      were 1-2 pmoles/mg thyroid. Doses of TSH smaller than 5 mU caused no significant
      increase in cAMP. With a further increase in TSH up to 200 mU per mouse, cAMP
      levels increased linearly with the log of TSH and reached 400 pmoles/mg thyroid.
      Theophylline administered together with large doses of TSH increased the level of
      the thyroidal cAMP and further decreased the release of iodocompounds at 2 h.
      These results indicate that there may be an intrathyroidal mechanism which
      prevents a surge of secretion of thyroid hormones with acute changes in blood TSH
      levels. The mechanism sensitive to excess TSH is probably associated with steps
      in thyroidal activation between the accumulation of cAMP and colloid droplet
      formation.

PMID- 173526
TI  - Ovarian cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase activity:
      ontogeny and effect of gonadotropins.
AB  - The ontogeny of ovarian cyclic AMP-binding and protein kinase activities during
      the postnatal development of the rat, as well as the effect of LH and FSH
      administration on ovarian cyclic AMP-binding and protein kinase activities in 5
      day-old and in hypophysectomized rats was examined. Ovaries of 4 to 8-day-old
      rats possessed little or no measureable cyclic AMP-binding and protein kinase
      activities. Subsequent postnatal development occurred in three distinct phases.
      During the first phase, ovarian cyclic  AMP-binding and protein kinase activities
      increased progressively from age 8 days to age 23 days, when adult levels were
      observed. Protein kinase activity declined markedly during the second postnatal
      developmental phase from days 24 to 26, lost its cyclic AMP-dependency, and
      became refractory to stimulation by cyclic AMP. Studies employing a heat-stable
      protein kinase inhibitor protein isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle suggest
      that ovarian protein kinase activity during the refractory period was largely of
      the cyclic AMP-independent variety. During the third postnatal phase, comprising
      days 30 to 40, ovarian cyclic AMP-binding and protein kinase activities increased
      to levels seen in sexually mature rats. Protein kinase cyclic AMP-dependency
      which was lost during the refractory second postnatal period was fully restored
      during the third phase. Administration of FSH or LH led to a marked increase of
      ovarian cyclic AMP-binding and protein kinase activities in 5-day-old rats.
      Hypophysectomy of 20-day-old rats caused a significant reduction of the cyclic
      AMP-binding and protein kinase activities in a 27,000 X g supernatant fraction,
      as well as in the mitochondrial, microsomal, and 105,000 X g supernatant
      fraction. The decreased cyclic AMP-binding and protein kinase activities of these
      fractions could be partially restored by FSH or LH treatment of the
      hypophysectomized rats. The results indicate that ovarian cyclic AMP-binding and
      protein kinase activities, as well as the ability of ovarian protein kinase to
      respond to cyclic AMP are gradually acquired after the first postnatal week. The
      postnatal development of ovarian protein kinase and cyclic AMP-binding activities
      presumably involves the participation of FSH and LH, although the precise
      mechanism of LH and FSH action remains to be established.

PMID- 173527
TI  - Interaction of spironolactone and digitalis with the 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      (DHT) receptor of rat ventral prostate.
AB  - The aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, has been shown to block the effects
      of exogenously administered androgen in rat. This suggests that interaction of
      the drug with androgen at the target tissues may occur. In this paper we have
      studied the possible interaction of spironolactone with the 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT)1 receptor of rat ventral prostate. The competitive
      receptor assay used involves precipitation of the 105,000 X g supernatant of the
      homogenized tissue with protamine sulfate, removal of the unprecipitated cytosol,
      and incubation of the precipitate in the presence of the appropriate [3H]DHT
      steroid solution at 0 C for 18 hours. Using this method the Kd (dissociation
      constant) for DHT in the rat prostate was in the range of 1.9-4.0 X 10(-9)M and
      the binding capacity was 0.21 pmol/mg protein. Spironolactone was found to
      interfere with the binding of DHT to the precipitated cytosol and displayed an
      estimated Kd of 1.3-4.6 X 10(-8)M. Several digitalis preparations were similarly
      studied. Digitoxin and digitoxigenin also interfered with the binding of [3H]DHT
      and had an estimated Kd of 0.8-3.6 X 10(-8)M. Digoxin interacted less strongly
      and its estimated Kd was 10(-6)M. We believe these results suggest an interaction
      of spironolactone and digitalis with the DHT receptor and may help explain some
      of their antiandrogenic actions in the rat and in man.

PMID- 173528
TI  - Diethylstilbestrol-elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP in incubated rat
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 17beta-estradiol elicit significant increases in
      levels of endogenous and [14C]cyclic AMP in [14C]adeninelabeled hypothalami from
      immature female rats, but only after incubation of the hypothalami with these
      estrogenic agents for 40-50 min. Estriol has no effect. The 2-fold accumulation
      of cyclic AMP elicited by low concentrations (20 muM) of DES appears dependent on
      catecholamine-related mechanisms, since it is prevented by either alpha- or beta
      adrenergic antagonists. Higher concentrations (100 muM) of DES elicit a 3-fold
      accumulation of [14C]cyclic AMP which is only partially blocked by adrenergic
      antagonists, haloperidol, or the adenosine antagonist, theophylline. These
      phenomena appear to be specific for the hypothalamus since incubation of cerebral
      cortical slabs with estrogens resulted in no significant increases in the levels
      of cyclic AMP. The slow time course in whole hypothalami and the complete lack of
      effects of low concentrations of estrogenic agents in chopped hypothalami suggest
      an indirect mechanism of action. Interaction of estrogens with receptors in cell
      bodies may result, after a latent period of 40-50 min, in enhanced release of
      catecholamines from distal synaptic terminals and in stimulation of catecholamine
      sensitive adenylate cyclases at post-synaptic sites.

PMID- 173529
TI  - Aldosterone production by isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells: stimulation by
      physiological concentrations of angiotensin II.
AB  - The production of aldosterone by isolated canine zona glomerulosa cells was
      measured after the incubation of cell suspensions with angiotensin II and ACTH,
      and during changes in extracellular potassium concentration. Adrenal cell
      suspensions were prepared by collagenase digestion and physical dispersion of the
      capsular layer of the dog adrenal cortex, and aldosterone production was
      determined by direct radioimmunoassay of cell incubation media. The isolated dog
      adrenal cells were highly responsive to angiotensin II, with aldosterone
      production significantly stimulated by concentrations of the octapeptide as low
      as 10(-11)M. Thus, the steroidogenic response of zona glomerulosa cells was
      consistently observed at peptide concentrations within the physiological range of
      angiotensin II in dog plasma, i.e., 2.0-5.0 X 5.0 X 10(-11)M. The maximum
      aldosterone response of 3-8 times the basal level of steroid production was
      induced by 3 X 10(-10)M angiotensin II, and a decrease in aldosterone production
      occurred at peptide concentrations above 10(-9)M. The aldosterone response of
      isolated adrenal cells to ACTH was consistently less sensitive than their
      response to angiotensin II, by a factor of 10-20 fold. Aldosterone production was
      significantly increased by 10(-10)M ACTH, and reached a maximum at 10(-8)M ACTH.
      By contrast with angiotensin II, ACTH usually evoked a higher maximal level of
      aldosterone production, and did not produce a decline in steroidogenesis at
      peptide concentrations above the level which caused maximum stimulation of
      aldosterone formation. Changes in the potassium concentration of cell incubation
      media were also accompanied by marked effects upon aldosterone synthesis which
      was abolished in the absence of potassium and became detectable in the presence
      of 0.5 mM K+. After remaining constant between 2.5 and 4.0 mM K+, aldosterone
      production rose sharply above 4.5 mM K+ and reached a maximum at 8 mM K+. These
      observations provide direct evidence that aldosterone production by zona
      glomerulosa cells is influenced by changes in angiotensin II levels within the
      normal plasma range.

PMID- 173530
TI  - Effect of ACTH, alpha-MSH, and beta-Lipotropin on calcium and phosphorus
      metabolism in the rabbit.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of synthetic 1-24
      adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), bovine alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha
      MSH), and ovine beta lipotropin (beta-LPH) on plasma calcium and phosphate in
      rabbits. Equimolar concentrations of these hormones were infused intravenously in
      intact and thyroidectomized animals. In addition, ACTH was similarly administered
      to adrenalectomized rabbits. ACTH, alpha-MSH, and beta-LPH all lowered plasma
      calcium and raised plasma phosphate. These changes were not prevented by prior
      thyroidectomy. ACTH was equally effective in inducing hypocalcemia and
      hyperphosphatemia in the absence of the adrenal glands, while adrenalectomy alone
      raised plasma calcium. From these findings we have concluded that 1) ACTH, alpha
      MSH, and betaLPH affect phosphate as well as calcium metabolism; 2) these
      hormones do not act by releasing calcitonin; and 3) ACTH exerts its hypocalcemic
      hyperphosphatemic effect, at least in part, independently of its trophic action
      on the adrenal glands.

PMID- 173531
TI  - The covalent structure of collagen. The amino-acid sequence of alpha2-CB4 from
      calf-skin collagen.
AB  - Sequencing of chymotrypsin, trypsin, collagenase- and hydroxylamine-derived
      peptides, using the automated Edman degradation procedure, yielded the complete
      amino acid sequence of alpha2-CB4 from calf skin collagen (321 residues).
      Together with the data from earlier work, an uninterrupted sequence in the
      helical region of the alpha2-chain from residues 1-393 is now known. Glycine is
      found in every third position of the peptide. Hydroxylation of proline and lysine
      occurs only in the Y-position of the triplet Gly-X-Y and is not complete in every
      position. Some residues, such as glutamic acid, leucine, phenylalanine and
      arginine, are distributed non-randomly between the X and Y-positions and this non
      random distribution is different in the alpha1 and alpha2-chains. Comparison of
      the N-terminal 393 residues from the helical region of the alpha1 and alpha2
      chains revealed a nearly identical distribution of charged polar residues
      arginine, lysine, glutamic and aspartic acids. The distribution of the triplet
      Gly-Pro-Hyp is simialr in both chains. The remaining residues in the alpha2-chain
      exhibit a high degree of substitutions when compared with those in the alpha1
      chain. Approximately one in every two residues in both the X and Y-positions are
      substituted.

PMID- 173532
TI  - Investigations on the kinetic mechanism of octopine dehydrogenase. 2. Location of
      the rate-limiting step for enzyme turnover.
AB  - The kinetic mechanism of octopine dehydrogenase has been investigated by stopped
      flow and isotope replacement techniques. When the enzyme is saturated by
      substrate and coenzyme, both for NADH oxidation and NAD+ reduction, the
      stationary phase is preceded by a rapid burst. Under these saturation conditions,
      furthermore, the stationary phase shows a secondary isotope effect when 4S
      [4(2)H]NADH is substituted for NADH and when (on the other reaction end) D-[2H]
      octopine is substituted for D-octopine. The data are taken to indicate that the
      rate-limiting step for enzyme turnover is a step following a very fast chemical
      transformation of the reagents. However, when the substrate concentration is
      lowered below the corresponding Km value keeping the coenzyme concentration at
      saturating levels, the time course of the reaction shows no burst and the
      stationary phase has a larger isotope effect. This indicated that under those non
      saturating conditions, the enzyme turnover has a larger contribution than the
      hydrogen-transfer step. Changing the coenzyme concentration alone has very little
      or no effect on the amplitude of the burst or on the isotope effect. These
      features are discussed in terms of the other known kinetic properties of the
      enzyme, and in terms of analogous studies reported in the literature for other
      dehydrogenases.

PMID- 173533
TI  - 3-Deoxy-2-octulosonic acid 5-phosphate: a component of the endotoxin of
      Bordetella pertussis.
AB  - Upon hydrolysis with 2 N hydrochloric acid for 2 h, a 3-deoxy-octulosonic acid 5
      phosphate was released from the endotoxin of Bordetella pertussis. The structure
      of the compound was established through chemical degradation. By periodate
      treatment of the intact endotoxin it was shown that positions 7 and 8 of the
      bound octulosonic acid phosphate were free, which, if present in a cyclic form,
      must be a pyranoside.

PMID- 173534
TI  - Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of cytochrome P-450 in plant microsomes.
AB  - The technique of electron paramagnetic resonnance spectrometry has been applied
      to the study of plant microsomal electron-transport components. Only tulip-bulb
      microsomes were found to give strong enough signals to allow detailed study. At
      77 K in the oxidised state, signals were observed at g values of 2.40, 2.25 and
      1.93, characteristic of cytochrome P-450 in the low-spin state, and also at g =
      4.27, attributable to ferric iron in a rhombic environment. The signals at g =
      2.40, 2.25 and 1.93 disappeared upon reduction with sodium dithionite. At 10 K in
      the oxidised state, signals at g = 8.3 and 3.3 appeared, and these were
      attributed to high-spin cytochrome P-450. At this temperature a further signal at
      g = 6, due to cytochrome P-420, was seen in aged tulip-bulb microsomes. Redox
      titration of both high-spin and low-spin cytochrome P-450 gave the same apparent
      midpoint potential of -315 +/- mV at pH 6.8 and 25 degrees C. The significance of
      this value is discussed. Addition of "type I" or "type II" ligands to oxidized
      cytochrome P-450 caused an increase and a decrease, respectively, in the ratio of
      the high-spin to the low-spin form. A second effect of aniline, a type II ligand
      of cytochrome P-450, was to remove the g = 6 signal, suggesting that it also
      interacts with cytochrome P-420. No iron-sulphur proteins similar to those found
      in some other cytochrome P-450 electron-transport chains could be detected in any
      of the microsomes analysed.

PMID- 173535
TI  - Temperature sensitivity of cyclic-adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate-binding proteins,
      activity of protein kinases and the regulation of cell growth.
AB  - A clone of neuroblastoma cells has been selected for its ability to survive and
      multiply at 40 degrees C. This temperature-resistant clone, like clones of
      neuroblastoma cells selected for resistance to dibutyryladenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (Bt2-Ado-3':5'-P) showed an increased tumorogenicity in animals and
      an increased saturation density at 37 degrees C. The Ado-3':5'-P-binding proteins
      and Ado-3':5'-P-dependent protein kinases from the temperature-resistant and non
      resistant cells have been partially purified by chromatography on a DEAE
      cellulose column. The Ado-3':5'-P-binding proteins from temperature-resistant
      cells were more sensitive to temperature than the binding proteins from non
      resistant cells. After incubation of binding proteins from resistant cells at 37
      degrees C, the specific activity of Ado-3':5'-P-binding to proteins was decreased
      about 50% and the apparent association constant (Ka) for Ado-3':5-p-binding was
      decreased from 7.4 X 10(7)M-1 to 4.4 x 10(7)M-1. There was no such decrease with
      binding proteins from non-resistant cells. A decrease in the activity of binding
      proteins from the temperature-resistant cells, but not of those from non
      resistant cells, was also found when the proteins were stored at 2 degrees C.
      Treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol made binding proteins from the resistant cells
      less temperature-sensitive. In the absence of added Ado-3:5-P the protein kinase
      activity from the temperature-resistant cells was about 50% of the activity from
      non-resistant cells. Kinase activity was increased by addition of Ado-3:5-P and
      there was a greater increase with kinases from resistant cells. The maximum
      protein kinase activity was found in the presence of 10muM Ado-3':5'-P for the
      temperature-resistant cells and 0.1 muM Ado-3':5'-P for the non-resistant cells.
      The results indicate that the temperature sensitivity of Ado-3':5'-P-binding
      proteins, and the activity of protein kinase from cells selected for resistance
      to high temperature, are similar to those of cells selected for resistance to Bt2
      Ado-3':5'-P. It is suggested that the temperature sensitivity of Ado-3':5'-P
      binding proteins and the activity of Ado-3':5'-P-dependent protein kinases are
      involved in the regulation of malignancy and of cell growth at different
      temperatures.

PMID- 173536
TI  - The pyruvate-dehydrogenase complex from Azotobacter vinelandii. 3. Stoichiometry
      and function of the individual components.
AB  - Labelling studies with N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE SHOW THAT EITHER IN THE PRESENCE OF Mg2+,
      thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and pyruvate or in the presence of NADH the overall
      activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Azotobacter vinelandii is
      inhibited without much inhibition of the partial reactions. The complex undergoes
      a conformational change upon incubation with NADH. The inhibition by
      bromopyruvate is less specific. Specific incorporation of a fluorescent maleimide
      derivative was observed on the two transacetylase isoenzymes. Binding studies
      with a similar spin label analogue show that 3 molecules/FAD are incorporated by
      incubation of pyruvate, Mg2+ and TPP, whereas 2 molecules/FAD are incorporated
      via incubation with NADH. The spin label spectra support the idea that in the
      complex the active centres of the component enzymes are connected by rapid
      rotation of the lipoyl moiety. Three acetyl groups are incorporated in the
      complex by incubation with [2-14C]pyruvate. Time-dependent incorporation supports
      the view that the two transacetylase isoenzymes react in non-identical ways with
      the pyruvate dehydrogenase components of the complex. The results show that the
      complex contains 2 low-molecular-weight transacetylase molecules and 4 molecules
      of the high-molecular-weight isoenzyme. Mn2+-binding studies show that the
      complex binds 10 ions, with different affinities. 2 Mn2+ ions are bound with a 20
      fold higher affinity than the remaining 8 Mn2+ ions. The latter 8 ions bind with
      equal affinities and are thought to reflect binding to the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      components of the complex. It is concluded that the complex contains 8 pyruvate
      dehydrogenase molecules, 4 high-molecular-weight transacetylase molecules, 2 low
      molecular-weight transacetylase molecules and 1 dimeric (2-FAD-containing)
      symmetric molecule of lipoamide dehydrogenase. Evidence comes from pyruvate
      dependent inactivation and labelling studies that the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      components contain either an - SH group or an S-S bridge which participates in
      the hydroxyethyl transfer to the transacetylase components.

PMID- 173537
TI  - The consequences of lipid peroxidation in isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - Lipid peroxidation was initiated by the addition of either ADP-complexed Fe3+ or
      cumene hydroperoxide to isolated rat hepatocytes and the resultant biochemical
      and morphological alterations investigated. As previously observed with
      microsomes, malonaldehyde formation was associated with the inactivation of
      glucose-6-phosphatase. Inhibition of microsomal oxidative drug metabolism was
      correlated with the release and subsequent inactivation of NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase, whereas cytochrome P-450 destruction occurred only in the presence of
      high concentrations of the organic hydroperoxide which were associated with
      extensive malonaldehyde formation. Under these conditions there were also marked
      ultrastructural alterations in the hepatocytes which were not apparent after
      incubation in the presence of iron (less than or equal to 187 muM Fe3+). The
      latter treatment was, however, associated with moderate biochemical effects such
      as glucose-6-phosphatase inactivation and increased membrane permeability. The
      cellular defence system against lipid peroxidation is discussed and it is
      concluded that the isolated liver cell system provides a valuable tool for the
      study of lipid peroxidation and its pathological implications.

PMID- 173538
TI  - Microbody of methanol-grown yeasts. Localization of catalase and flavin-dependent
      alcohol oxidase in the isolated microbody.
AB  - Profuse appearance of microbodies was observed in the cells of methanol-utilizing
      yeasts in connection with the enhanced catalase activity. These microbodies were
      isolated successfully by means of sucrose gradient centrifugation from the
      methanol-grown cells of Kloeckera sp. no. 2201. Localization of a flavin
      dependent alcohol oxidase as well as characteristic microbody enzymes (catalase
      and D-amino acid oxidase) were ascertained in the isolated microbodies, whereas
      formaldehyde and formate dehydrogenases were detected in the cytoplasmic region.
      Localization of catalase in the isolated microbody was also demonstrated by the
      cytochemical technique with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine.

PMID- 173539
TI  - Nuclear protein kinases from murine cells.
AB  - Three protein kinase activities are found in nuclei from three different murine
      cells (Ehrlich ascites cells, mouse L cells and rat glioma cells). Two of these
      activities are soluble, one is bound to chromatin. The soluble enzymes are
      similar, if not identical, to the cytoplasmic protein kinases. The chromatin
      bound, adenosine-cyclic-3':5'-monophosphate-independent enzyme is not found in
      the cytoplasm. This enzyme is composed of one subunit with a molecular weight of
      80000-90000. Some biochemical properties of this enzyme are described. A brief
      description of a nuclear enzyme, which dephosphorylates phosphorylated histones,
      is also given.

PMID- 173540
TI  - ADP-ribosylation of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli by an NAD+:
      protein ADP-ribosyltransferase from bacteriophage T4.
AB  - A protein from bacteriophage T4 responsible for the alteration of host DNA
      dependent RNA polymerase and absent in T4 alt- phage was purified from T4 phage
      and enriched from T4-infected cells. It is injected during infection together
      with the known internal proteins. It has a molecular weight of about 70000 and
      catalyses the release of nicotinamide and the transfer of the ADP-ribosyl moiety
      from NAD+ to arginyl residues of various proteins including itself. RNA
      polymerase from Escherichia coli accepts ADP-ribosyl residues in all four
      subunits; the alpha subunit reacts with very high specificity. Only half of the
      alpha subunits are labelled, 45% with one, 5% with two residues. The main product
      shows the same electrophoretic mobility as alpha subunits altered or modified in
      vivo. The alpha subunit in modified RNA polymerase is no acceptor.

PMID- 173541
TI  - Procollagen biosynthesis by embryonic-chick-bone polysomes. Estimation of the
      relative numbers of active proalpha1 and proalpha2 messenger ribonucleic acids.
AB  - Both total polysomes and polysomes of different size classes isolated from
      embryonic chick cranial bones were allowed to complete their nascent polypeptide
      chains in a cell-free system containing rabbit reticulocyte post-ribosomal
      supernatant fraction. In this system, no de novo initiation of polypeptide
      synthesis occurred. The product was analysed for relative content of proalpha1
      and proalpha2, the precursors of the alpha chains of collagen, by dodecylsulphate
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as by paper electrophoresis following
      tryptic digestion. The results showed that the products of polysome protein
      synthesis contained proalpha1 and proalpha2 in the 2:1 ratio in which the
      corresponding alpha chains are present in native collagen, and that proalpha1 and
      proalpha2 synthesising polysomes are of the same size. These findings, in
      conjunction with results from a previous report (Vuust, J. and Piez, K.A. (1972)
      J. Biol. Chem. 247, 856-862) suggest that active messenger ribonucleic acids for
      the proalpha1 and proalpha2 chains, respectively, are present in the cells in a
      ratio of 2:1, and that the rates of initiation, elongation, termination and
      release from polysomes are all identical for the two chains.

PMID- 173542
TI  - Radiommunoassay for human and chick prolyl hydroxylases.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay is reported for measuring prolyl hydroxylase. The assay is
      based on the displacement of radioactively-labelled prolyl hydroxylase from its
      antibody by the non-labelled enzyme, and on the subsequent precipitation of the
      enzyme-antibody complex by a cellulose-bound second antibody. Pure prolyl
      hydroxylase was isolated from foetal human or chick embryo tissues by an affinity
      column procedure usingpoly(L-proline). The enzyme was labelled with tritium using
      a technique of reductive alkylation with formaldehyde and sodium [3H]borohydride.
      No conversion of the enzyme tetramer to its monomers was found to take place
      during the tritiation reaction. Experiments on the dissociation of the non
      labelled enzyme indicated that the degree of displacement of the labelled enzyme
      was similar regardless of whether the non-labelled enzyme was in the tetramer
      form or in that of the subunit monomers. The sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay
      is of the order of 5 -- 10 ng immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase. The
      concentrations of the immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase assayed with the present
      method in human serum and skin and in several chick embryo tissues are reported.

PMID- 173543
TI  - Inhibition of collagenase from Achromobacter iophagus by synthetic peptides.

PMID- 173544
TI  - Kinetics and effect of salts and polyamines on T4 polynucleotide ligase.
AB  - The kinetics of T4 polynucleotide ligase has been investigated at pH 8,20 degrees
      C and using the double-stranded DNA substrate (dA)n - [(dT)10]n/10. Double
      reciprocal plots of initial rates vs substrate concentrations as well as product
      inhibition studies have indicated that the enzyme reacts according to a ping-pong
      mechanism. The overall mechanism was found to be non-processive. The true Km for
      the DNA substrate was 0.6 muM and that of ATP 100 muM. Several attempts were made
      to reverse the T4 polynucleotide ligase joining reaction using 32-p-labelled
      (dA)n - [(DT)40]n/40 as substrate. No breakdown of this DNA could be detected.
      The joining reaction was inhibited by high concentrations, i.e. above
      approximately 70mM, of salts such as KCl, NaCl, NH4Cl and CsCl. At a
      concentration of 200 mM almost 100% inhibition was observed. Polyamines also
      caused inhibition of the enzyme, the most efficient inhibitor being spermine
      followed by spermidine. At a concentration of 1 mM spermine, virtually no joining
      took place. Addition of salts or polyamines resulted in a large increase in the
      apparent Km for the DNA substrate whereas the apparent Km for ATP remained
      unchanged. It is suggested that the affinity of the enzyme for the DNA substrate
      is decreased in the presence of inhibiting agents.

PMID- 173545
TI  - Nitrogenase from Azotobacter chroococcum. Purification and properties of the
      component proteins.
AB  - 1. A large-scale purification of the nitrogenase components from Azotobacter
      chroococcum yielded two non-haem iron proteins, both of which were necessary for
      nitrogenase activity and each had a specific activity of approximately 2000 +/-
      300 nmol of acetylene reduced/mg protein per min in the presence of sautrating
      amounts of the other. This procedure freed the Mo-Fe protein from a protein
      contaminant which had an electron paramagnetic resonance signal at g = 1.94. 2.
      Both proteins were purified to homogeneity as determined by disc gel
      electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. Both proteins were oxygen
      sensitive but not cold-labile. Ultracentrifugal analysis indicated that both
      proteins dissociated to a slight degree at concentrations below 2 mg/ml. 3. The
      larger of the two proteins had a molecular weight of 227 000 and contained 1.9 +/
      0.3 atoms of Mo, 23 +/- 2 atoms of Fe, 20 +/- 2 acid-labile sulphide and 47
      tryptophan residues/mol. The protein consists of 4 subunits of mol. wt 60 000
      (approx.). The reduced protein showed electron paramagmetic resonance signals at
      g = 4.29, 3.65 and 2.013 but not in the area of g = 5 to 6. Upon oxidation
      abosrbance increased throughout the visible region of the ultraviolet visible
      spectrum, with a maximum difference between oxidised and reduced protein
      occurring at 430 nm. 4. The smaller protein had a molecular weight of 64 000 and
      contained 4 g-atoms of Fe and 4 acid-labile sulphide groups/mol but no
      tryptophan. It had two subunits of mol. wt 30 800. The reduced protein showed
      electron paramagnetic resonance signhe protein retained almost full activity
      after oxidation with phenazine methosulphate. The ultraviolet visible spectrum of
      oxidised protein was clearly different from that of the oxygen-inactivated
      protein: it had a sharp peak at 269 nm and a broad absorbance between 340 and 470
      nm with a maximum difference between oxidised and reduced forms at 430 nm. Oxygen
      inactivated protein showed a sharp peak at 277.5 nm and broad peaks from 305 to
      360, 400 to 425 and 435 to 475 nm. 5. Amino acid analyses of both proteins showed
      that most common amino acids were present with a preponderance of acidic
      residues. Analyses of compositional relatedness showed that the nitrogenase
      proteins from A. chroococcum were most closely related to those from A.
      vinelandii and least so to those from Clostridium pasteurianum.

PMID- 173546
TI  - Independent regulation of the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesis induced by
      either Simian virus 40 or serum in mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells.
AB  - Resting cultures of 3T3 cells (an established line of mouse fibroblasts) were
      released from density inhibition by either infection with Simian virus 40 or
      addition of serum. The increased rate of thymidine incorporation into DNA,
      induced by these two agents, was measured in the presence and in the absence of
      three inhibitory conditions (cycloheximide or dibutyryladenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate added to the medium, or lack of anchorage). The inhibition was
      found to be quite similar in cultures stimulated by virus or serum; under the
      same conditions, however, the incorporation into mitochondrial DNA was much less
      inhibited than that into nuclear DNA. The experiments also suggest that new
      protein synthesis may not be necessary, for either virus or serum, to start the
      inductive mechanism.

PMID- 173547
TI  - Characterization of calf-ovary adenosine;3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein
      kinases and adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate-binding proteins.
AB  - Protein phosphokinase activity from the calf ovary cytosol (105000 X g
      supernatant fraction) has been resolved by chromatography and polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis into two major protein kinases, PK-H1 and PK-H2, both dependent
      on adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). The enzymes have similar molecular
      weights (230000) and substrate specificities but differ in their cyclic-AMP
      dependency and stimulation by cyclic AMP. The differences have been explained by
      the presence in PK-H1 of a unique cyclic-AMP-binding protein which has little
      catalytic activity associated with it. The cyclic-AMP-binding protein has a high
      affinity for cyclic AMP and in addition is able to inhibit the activity of the
      isolated catalytic subunit. The ovarian cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinases have
      properties similar to those found in other tissues. They can be dissociated into
      catalytic and regulatory subunits and are inhibited by a heat-stable protein
      inhibitor isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. Preincubation of the cytosol with
      high levels of cyclic AMP resulted in additional cyclic-AMP-dependent protein
      kinases and cyclic-AMP-binding proteins which include protein kinases and binding
      proteins of greater than 400 000 molecular weight.

PMID- 173548
TI  - Cleavage map of the simian-virus-40 genome by the restriction endonuclease III of
      Haemopholus aegyptius.
AB  - Enzymic digestion of Simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA with Haemophilus aegyptius
      restriction endonuclease Hae III results in 10 major and eight minor fragments.
      These were resolved by electrophoresis on graduated polyacrylamide slab gels. All
      fragments have been characterized with respect to the size relative to the
      Haemophilus influenzae Rd fragments (Hind). They were ordered on the SV40 DNA map
      by means of overlap analysis of the double cleavage products derived from
      sequential digestion of Hind fragments with Hae III endonuclease and Hae
      fragments with Hind II + III enzyme, as well as by other reciprocal cleavage
      experiments, including those involving Haemophilus para-influenzae fragments. In
      this way the 18 Hae III cleavage sites and the 13 Hind sites have been localized
      on the circular SV40 DNA map.

PMID- 173549
TI  - Specific cleavage and physical mapping of simian-virus-40 DNA by the restriction
      endonuclease of Arthrobacter luteus.
AB  - Simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA (strain 776) is cleaved by the restriction
      endonuclease from Arthrobacter luteus into 32 specific fragments including 20
      large pieces designated Alu-A through T as well as 12 minor products named Alu m1
      through m8. These were mapped on the SV40 genome by double digestion experiments.
      Alu fragments were treated with Hind enzymes and vice versa. Similar reciprocal
      digestions were also carried out with Hae III enzyme. In this way a detailed
      cleavage map of the SV40 genome could be constructed.

PMID- 173551
TI  - Conformational changes in glycogen phosphorylase studied with a spin-label probe.
AB  - Phosphorylase b and a were covalently modified on essentially one -- SH group per
      subunit by a spin label 4-(2-iodoacetamido)2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinyloxyl.
      The labelled enzyme is fully active and exhibits all the characteristics of the
      native molecule. The electron spin resonance spectrum of the label depends on the
      nature of the ligand that is bound to the enzyme. This property of the spin label
      is used to study the interaction between the enzyme (both in the b and a forms)
      and activators (AMP, IMP, CMP), inhibitors (ADP, ATP, UDPG, glucose 6-phosphate),
      substrates (phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate) and other ligands (adenosine, beta
      glycerol-2-phosphate). The interactions are analysed in terms of the apparent
      ligand dissociation constants and the multiplicity of conformations that this
      regulatory enzyme exhibits.

PMID- 173550
TI  - Structural studies on D-specific polysaccharide of Shigella flexneri serotype 6.

PMID- 173552
TI  - Heterotropic interactions of ligands with phosphorylase b.
AB  - 1. The interaction of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b with pairs of
      ligands has been examined. 2. The electron spin resonance spectrum of a spin
      label, covalently attached to the protein, provided information about
      dissociation constants, formation of ternary complexes and both negative and
      positive interactions between different ligand pairs. 3. AMP competes with a
      series of nucleotides (ADP, ATP, CMP aand cytosine) but with adenosine a ternary
      enzyme - AMP - adenosine complex can be formed. 4. ADP binding is tight and ADP
      inhibits the AMP activation of phosphorylase b in a physiologically important
      concentration range. 5. The substrates glucose 1-phosphate and glycogen tighten
      AMP binding in the ternary complex as does the competitive inhibitor UDPG.
      Inorganic phosphate is different in this respect. Gluconolactone, a transition
      state analogue, competes with glucose 1-phosphate (but not with glycogen) but
      does not prevent completely the binding of the sugar phosphate. 6. The effect of
      glucose b-phosphate on phosphorylase is rather complex as it 'formally competes'
      with both AMP and UDPG probably mediated by a conformational changes and not by
      'direct' interactions with these two ligands. Glycerol 2-phosphate, a commonly
      used buffer for phosphorylase, also shows complex interactions.

PMID- 173553
TI  - Localization in yeast mitochondrial DNA of mutations expressed in a deficiency of
      cytochrome oxidase and/or coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c reductase.
AB  - 1. Three methods are described for the genetic analysis of yeast cytoplasmic
      mutants (mit- mutants) lacking cytochrome oxidase or coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c
      reductase. The procedures permit mutations in mitochondrial DNA to be mapped
      relative to each other and with respect to drug-resistant markers. The first
      method is based upon the finding that crosses of mit- mutants with some but not
      other isonuclear q- mutants lead to the restoration of respiratory functions.
      Thus a segment of mitochondrial DNA corresponding to a given mit- mutation or to
      a set of mutations can be delineated. The second method is based on the
      appearance of wild-type progeny in mit- X mit- crosses. The third one is based on
      the analysis of various recombinant classes issued from crosses between mit-,
      drug-sensitive and mit+, drug-resistant mutants. Representative genetic markers
      of the RIBI, OLII, OLI2 and PAR1 loci were used for this purpose. 2. The three
      methods when applied to the study of 48 mit- mutants gave coherent results. At
      least three distinct regions on mitochondrial DNA in which mutations cause loss
      of functional cytochrome oxidase have been established. A fourth region
      represented by closely clustered mutants lacking coenzyme QH2-cytochrome c
      reductase and spectrally detectable cytochrome b has also been studied. 3. The
      three genetic regions of cytochrome oxidase and the cytochrome b region were
      localized by the third method on the circular map, in spans of mitochondrial DNA
      defined by the drug-resistant markers. The results obtained by this method were
      confirmed by analysis of the crosses between selected mit- mutants and a large
      number of q- clones whose retained segments of mitochondrial DNA contained
      various combinations of drug-resistant markers. 4. All the genetic data indicate
      that the various regions studied are dispersed on the mitochondrial genome and in
      some instances regions or clusters of closely linked mutations involved in the
      same respiratory function (cytochrome oxidase) are separated by other regions
      which code for entirely different functions such as ribosomal RNA.

PMID- 173554
TI  - Activity of the 30-S CsCl core in elongation-factor-dependent GTP hydrolysis.
AB  - The activity of a 30-S CsCl core lacking proteins S1, S2, S3, S5, S9, S10, S14,
      S20 and S21 has been studied in the ribosome-dependent FTPase reactions in the
      presence of the 50-S subunit with and without methanol. Without methanol, the 30
      S CsCl core was unable to sustain GTPase activity dependent on elongation factor
      G (EF-G), while it was only slightly active in the presence of elongation factor
      T (EF-T). With EF-T, addition of methanol induced in the presence of either 30-S
      subunits or 30-S CsCl cores an activity which was more than 10-fold higher than
      that observed with the 30-S subunit in the absence of methanol. Methanol lowered
      the Mg2+ optimum of the EF-T-dependent GTPase reaction from approximately 20 mM
      to approximately 10 mM. In the absence of methanol the EF-G-dependent (GTPase
      reaction at low concentration of monovalent cations depends on the 50-S subunit
      alone (30-S-uncoupled EF-G GTPase). Addition of the intact 30-S subunit but not
      of its CsCl core abolished inhibition of the 30-S-uncoupled EF-G-GTPase by NH4+.
      The 30-S CsCl core caused the same effect as the 30-S subunit when methanol was
      present. 30-S-uncoupled EF-G GTPase activity was lower than the GTPase activity
      dependent on 30-S plus 50-S subunits at [EF-G]/[50-S] below 5 but was
      considerably higher in the presence of a large excess of EF-G. In the presence of
      methanol the 30-S CsCl core behaved similarly to the 30-S subunit. Our results
      indicate that the action of the 30-S subunit in elongation-factor-dependent
      GTPases is supported by structural features that are preserved in the 30-S CsCl
      core. The 30-S split proteins are therefore not essential for EF-G and EF-T
      activities in the hydrolysis of GTP. With EF-T, in all conditions tested
      association of the ribosomal subunits appeared to accompany GTPase activity.
      Association seems also to be a prerequisite of the EF-G GTPase activity that
      depends on both ribosomal subunits.

PMID- 173555
TI  - The involvement of cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomal steroid hydroxylation
      reactions supported by sodium periodate, sodium chlorite, and organic
      hydroperoxides.
AB  - The mechanism of steroid hydroxylation in rat liver microsomes has been
      investigated by employing NaIO4, NaClO2, and various organic hydroperoxides as
      hydroxylating agents and comparing the reaction rates and steroid products formed
      with those of the NADPH-dependent reaction. Androstenedione, testosterone,
      progesterone, and 17beta-estradiol were found to act as good substrates. NaIO4
      was by far the most effective hydroxylating agent followed by cumene
      hydroperoxide, NADPH, NaClO2, pregnenolone 17alpha-hydroperoxide, tert-butyl
      hydroperoxide, and linoleic acid hydroperoxide. Androstenedione was chosen as the
      model substrate for inducer and inhibitor studies. The steroid was converted to
      its respective 6beta-, 7alpha, 15-, and 16alpha-hydroxy derivatives when
      incubated with microsomal fractions fortified with hydroxylating agent. Evidence
      for cytochrome P-450 involvement in androstenedione hydroxylation included a
      marked inhibition by substrates and modifiers of cytochrome P-450 and by reagents
      which convert cytochrome P-450 to cytochrome P-420. The ratios of the steroid
      products varied according to the type of hydroxylating agent used and were also
      modified by in vivo phenobarbital pretreatment. It was suggested that multiple
      forms of cytochrome P-450 exhibiting different affinities for hydroxylating agent
      are responsible for these different ratios. Horse-radish peroxidase, catalase,
      and metmyoglobin could not catalyze androstenedione hydroxylation. Addition of
      NaIO4, NaClO2, cumene hydroperoxide and other organic hydroperoxides to
      microsomal suspensions resulted in the appearance of a transient spectral change
      in the difference spectrum characterized by a peak at about 440 nm and a trough
      at 420 nm. The efficiency of these oxidizing agents in promoting steroid
      hydroxylation in microsomes appeared to be related to their effectiveness in
      eliciting the spectral complex. Electron donors, substrates, and modifiers of
      cytochrome P-450 greatly diminished the magnitude of the spectral change. It is
      proposed that NaIO4, NaClO2, and organic hydroperoxides promote steroid
      hydroxylation by forming a transient ferryl ion (compound I) of cytochrome P-450
      which may be the common intermediate hydroxylating species involved in
      hydroxylations catalyzed by cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 173556
TI  - Kinetics of induction and growth of precancerous liver-cell foci, and liver
      tumour formation by diethylnitrosamine in the rat.

PMID- 173557
TI  - Delayed pyridine nucleotide reoxidation induced by the anticancer agent VM-26 as
      measured in vivo and in situ by NADH microfluorimetry.

PMID- 173558
TI  - Kinetics of the induction of DNA synthesis in lymphocytes by periodate.

PMID- 173559
TI  - The effect of silica-treated macrophages on the synthesis of collagen and other
      proteins in vitro.

PMID- 173560
TI  - The cell cycle specificity of the morphological conversion of chinese hamster
      ovary cells by N6, O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-phosphate.

PMID- 173561
TI  - Trypsin bound to sephadex beads. A tool for neuronal cell dissociation.

PMID- 173562
TI  - The mode of synaptic linkage in the cerebro-ponto-cerebellar pathway of the cat.
      I. Responses in the brachium pontis.
AB  - Cerebrally-induced responses of pontine nuclei cells (PN cells) were studied in
      cats anesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium and with the midbrain transected
      bilaterally sparing only the cerebral penuncles. After stimulating the
      subcortical white matter, the internal capsule or the cerebral peduncle, mass
      potentials were recorded from the cut end of fibres in the brachium pontis (BP)
      and in the pyramid at the level of the trapezoid body. These potentials were
      regarded as indicating, respectively, the size of an output volley of PN cells
      and the size of its causative input volley through the pyramidal tract. BP
      responses consisted of short- and long-latency potentials which were caused by
      fast and slow conducting pyramidal tract volleys, respectively. The input-output
      relations for fast component responses took a characteristic S-shaped form
      resembling those obtained from the monosynaptic spinal reflex. The input-output
      relations for slow component responses were almost linear. Both fast and slow BP
      responses were remarkably potentiated after single or relatively brief repetitive
      peduncular stimulation, but were depressed after long-lasting high-frequency
      activation. During repetitive stimulation with varied frequencies, fast and slow
      BP responses showed different patterns of frequency-dependence of their
      amplitudes. These results suggest the existence of two separate transmission
      lines with different properties in cerebro-ponto-cerebellar pathways.

PMID- 173563
TI  - The mode of synaptic linkage in the cerebro-ponto-cerebellar pathway of the cat.
      II. Responses of single cells in the pontine nuclei.
AB  - Extracellular and intracellular recordings were made from single cells in the
      pontine nuclei (PN) of the cat. PN cells were identified by antidromic invasion
      from the cerebellum by stimulating either the brachium pontis (BP) or the white
      matter near the cerebellar nuclei. The cerebrally-induced impulses excited PN
      cells postsynaptically with a monosynaptic latency. Both fast and slow conducting
      cortical fibres contributed to the corticopontine excitation, so that the latency
      varied over a wide range. Measurements of the latencies for antidromic and
      corticopontine excitation and of the distances between stimulated sites permitted
      the calcuation of conduction velocities of PN cell axons and of their cortical
      input fibres. PN cells with fast conducting axons received convergence from both
      fast and slow cortical fibres, whereas PN cells with slow axons were innervated
      only by slow cortical fibres. The majority of PN cells were also excited by
      stimulating the medullary pyramid through collaterals of the pyramidal tract.
      Evidence of abundant pyramidal collaterals was provided by the collision
      technique. The functional role of the PN is discussed in connection with the
      cerebro-cerebellar loop circuits.

PMID- 173565
TI  - Effect of denervation on muscle cyclic AMP in the newt.

PMID- 173566
TI  - Swelling of dendritic spines in the fascia dentata after stimulation of the
      perforant fibers as a mechanism of post-tetanic potentiation.

PMID- 173564
TI  - The vestibulospinal tract: crossed and uncrossed effects on hindlimb motoneurones
      in the cat.
AB  - Effects produced by stimulation of Deiters' nucleus on contralateral hindlimb
      motoneurones were investigated in the cat with intracellular and monosynaptic
      reflex recording. Polysynaptic PSPs were evoked in all species of motoneurone
      examined. The minimal synaptic linkage was found to be disynaptic in the
      excitatory path and prisynaptic in the inhibitory path. Experiments with various
      lesions to the spinal funiculus and those with mapping of the stimulated sites in
      the brain stem showed that the effects were evoked almost exclusively via the
      lateral vestibulospinal tract of the stimulated side. The crossed effects were
      excitatory in extensor motoneurones of all species studied except for hip
      extensors (ABSm) in which EPSPs and/or IPSPs were evoked. The effects on flexors,
      by contrast, were not simple and consisted of EPSPs, IPSPs or a mixture of both.
      The difference in effects depended, though not entirely, on the species of motor
      nucleus. Between the excitatory and inhibitory effects on knee flexor (PBSt)
      motoneurones the former predominated under chloralose and the latter under
      pentobarbital anaesthesia. By recording PSPs evoked from the two vestibulospinal
      tracts in the same motoneurone, the convergence pattern and the magnitude of
      effects from the two tracts were studied. The interneuronal organization of the
      crossed vestibulo-motoneuronel pathway and its functional significance are
      discussed.

PMID- 173567
TI  - Interaction between dehydroepiandrosterone, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      and cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate in neoplastic and normal human mammary
      tissue.
AB  - When total DHEA, G-6-PDH activity, and c-AMP were determined in human neoplastic
      mammary tissue and corresponding normal tissue the G-6-PDH activity in the former
      tissue greatly exceeded that found in normal tissue. On the other hand, a
      remarkable decrease of total DHEA and c-AMP could be detected in cancer tissue,
      hinting at the participation of DHEA in the intracellular regulation of G-6-PDH
      and c-AMP levels.

PMID- 173568
TI  - Changes in the apoprotein composition of very low density lipoproteins in man
      following eating.
AB  - The concentrations of certain of the very low density human serum lipoprotein
      apoproteins were found to increase following a meal, while the concentrations of
      the majority of the apoproteins were found to be unaffected.

PMID- 173569
TI  - Polycationic modified polypeptides enhancing poly I:C induced viral resistance.
AB  - Polycationic modified derivatives of polyglutamic acid are at least as good
      enhancers of poly I:C induced viral resistance in various cell cultures as are
      DEAE-dextran or poly-L-lysine.

PMID- 173570
TI  - Studies on ageing of collagen by perchlorate reactions.

PMID- 173571
TI  - Depression of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by coxsackieviruses in
      mice.
AB  - Adult mice infected with coxsackieviruses A-15, B-1, B-2, B-4 and B-6 showed
      depressed antibody responses to unrelated antigens; mice infected with
      coxsackievirus B-3 developed reduced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
      These findings might have clinical and epidemiological implications.

PMID- 173572
TI  - Distribution of glycerophosphorylcholine diesterase in rat brain.
AB  - The distribution of glycerylphosphorylcholine diesterase in the rat brain has
      been examined. The enzyme was evenly distributed throughout the brain but was
      localized in the synaptosome (nerve ending) fraction which was prepared by
      ultracentrifugation.

PMID- 173573
TI  - Creatinine metabolism by Clostridium welchii isolated from human faeces.
AB  - A Clostridium welchii has been isolated from human faeces which can deaminate
      creatinine to N-methyl hydantoin. Evidence suggests the reaction is inducible
      since the rate of conversion is increased by growth of the organism in creatinine
      rich media.

PMID- 173574
TI  - Effect of vitamin A on tumor development in burned, unburned, and glucocorticoid
      treated mice inoculated with an oncogenic virus.
AB  - High doses of vitamin A decreased the severity of tumor development in mice
      inoculated with a murine sarcoma virus; the same doses of vitamin A had no effect
      on the increased tumorigenesis seen in animals severely stressed with thermal
      injury or the increased tumorigenesis induced by exogenous glucocorticoid
      administration.

PMID- 173575
TI  - Variations of cyclic nucleotide monophosphate levels during spontaneous uterine
      contractions.
AB  - Oscillations on the concentrations of cyclic nucliotides occurred during
      spontaneous rhythmic contractions in rat uterus. The levels of cyclic GMP and
      cyclic AMP were highest at the beginning of the contraction respectively the
      relaxation.

PMID- 173576
TI  - The effects of dopamine, piribedil (ET-495) and its metabolite S-584 on retinal
      adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 173577
TI  - Respiratory inhibition and reversible fusion of frog blastomeres.
AB  - Rotenone and high doses of chloramphenicol, both of which specifically inhibit
      electron transport between NADH and flavoprotein in the respiratory chain, caused
      fully separated Rana pipiens blastomeres to refuse, as shown by syncytium counts
      on embryos reconstructed from serial sections. With chloramphenicol, the effect
      was completely reversible: re-cleavage and normal development followed drug
      removal. The blastomere fusion effect was not produced by the succinic
      dehydrogenase-specific respiratory inhibitor, thenoyltrifluoroacetone, nor by a
      non-mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, both of which
      instead produced simple arrest of cleavage.

PMID- 173578
TI  - A technical improvement in the radioimmunoassay of cyclic-AMP.
AB  - An improvement in the technique for the radioimmunoassay of cyclic-AMP, wherein
      ammonium sulfate precipitation is replaced with zirconyl phosphate gel, is
      presented. This substitution produces a more stable pellet than that obtained
      with ammonium sulfate. This greatly reduces a potential source of error due to
      pellet instability.

PMID- 173579
TI  - [Stimulation of the cyclic AMP formation in the rat's brain in vitro due to
      nicergoline].

PMID- 173580
TI  - Hormone--receptor interactions.

PMID- 173581
TI  - Increased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase concentration in hepatoma 3924A:
      enzymic and immunological evidence.

PMID- 173582
TI  - Gene mapping of SV40: the biological activity of specific viral DNA fragments
      produced by cleavage with Haemophilus parainfluenzae restriction endonuclease.

PMID- 173583
TI  - The function of intraocular color filters.

PMID- 173584
TI  - Aspects of the biochemical toxicology of cadmium.
AB  - Cadmium, in addition to producing a variety of toxic manifestations, is known to
      accumulate in certain "target" organs which include liver and kidney where
      histological and functional damage becomes apparent. The daily intraperitoneal
      injection of cadmium chloride for 21 or 45 days stimulated the activities of
      hepatic pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1, 6
      diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase elevated blood glucose and urea, and
      lowered hepatic glycogen in rats. Whereas chronic Cd treatment failed to alter
      adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, cyclic AMP (cAMY
      and the activity of basal and fluoride-stimulated forms of hepatic adenylate
      cyclase (AC) were markedly increased. However, the cAMP binding to hepatic
      protein kinase was decreased as was the kinase activity ration. An acute dose of
      Cd decreased hepatic glycogen content and increased blood glucose, serum urea,
      and hepatic cAMP. Chronic exposure to Cd induced adrenal hypertrophy and
      augmented adrenal norepinephrine and epinephrine as well as the activity of
      adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase. This treatment decreased prostatic and testicular
      weights of mature rats. Although cAMP as well as AC activity of the prostate
      gland were reduced, cAMP binding to the prostatic protein kinase was increased as
      was the activity of the cAMP-dependent form of the enzyme. Testicular AC and PDE
      activities, however, were stimulated, although cAMP remained unaffected. Whereas
      the activities of the cAMP-dependent and the independent forms of testicular
      protein kinase were significantly depressed, the binding of cAMP to protein
      kinase from testes of Cd-treated rats was not affected. In most cases, the
      observed metabolic alterations persisted up to 28 days on cessation of Cd
      administration. Subacute Cd treatment suppressed pancreatic function as evidenced
      by lowered serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in presence of hyperglycemia, as
      well as by partial inhibition of phentolamine-stimulated increases in serum IRI.
      Although chronic Cd treatment failed to alter the concentration of brain stem
      norepinephrine and cerebrocortical acetylcholine esterase activity, serotonin
      levels of brain stem were depressed and the concentration of striatal dopamine
      and cerebrocortical acetylcholine were significantly elevated when compared with
      the values seen in control nonexposed animals.

PMID- 173585
TI  - [A case of fulminant fatal cylindroma and its implication].

PMID- 173586
TI  - [Nevus (nevus verrucosus, sebaceus, sudoriferus et syringoadenomatosis
      papilliferus linearis; nevus verrucosus, sudoriferus et syringocystadenomatsus
      papilliferus; nervus verrucosus and psoriasis vulgaris)].

PMID- 173587
TI  - A case of xanthomatosis and hyperlipoproteinemia type V propably induced by
      overdosage of insulin.
AB  - A woman, aged 46 years, with a hyperlipoproteinemia phenotype V, an unusual type
      of xanthomatosis, as well as lipemia retinalis, diabetes mellitus, and
      nephropathia, is discussed. The withdrawal of 64 IU insulin and the institution
      of a hypocaloric diabetes diet resulted in the disappearance of the skin lesions
      and a regression of the eye lesion. During this treatment the total lipid-level
      became almost normal (6,965 mg% before treatment and 947 mg% after 10 weeks). The
      chylomicrons disappeared but the VLDL content remained relatively and absolutely
      elevated, as in type IV hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 173589
TI  - Testicular inhibition of fetal Mullerian ducts in vitro: effect of dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP.
AB  - The effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dibutyryl cAMP) on Mullerian ducts of 141/2
      day-old rat fetuses in vitro was investigated. Dibutyryl cAMP was unable to
      produce the typical regression of Mullerian ducts which is observed in vivo in
      male fetuses and in vitro with Mullerian ducts in the presence of testes. Effects
      of dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline on regeneration of Mullerian ducts induced by
      fetal testes were also investigated, and it was found that 10(-3) dibutyryl cAMP
      added to the culture medium prevented the normal regression. Lower concentrations
      and theophyline (10(-3)M) were ineffective. An effect of lower doses of dibutyryl
      cAMP was obtained only when theophylline was also present. Because pretreatment
      of testes with dibutyryl cAMP did not prevent the inhibiting action of testes on
      Mullerian ducts, it is concluded that an interaction between dibutyryl cAMP and
      the inhibiting factor at the level of the target organs must be considered.

PMID- 173588
TI  - Differentiation between steroid hormone receptors CBG and SHBG in human target
      organ extracts by a single-step assay.
AB  - The steroid complexes of (plasma) corticosteroid-binding globulin can be
      distinguished from intracellular steroid-receptor complexes by agar
      electrophoresis at low temperature in neuraminidase-treated tissue extracts. With
      this method, the presence of progesterone receptor has been demonstrated in
      heavily plasma-protein-contaminated human uterus "cytosol", but not in human
      mammary carcinoma extracts. SHBG and "basic" receptors for estradiol and
      dihydrotestosterone in human uterus cytosol could also be assayed simultaneously.

PMID- 173590
TI  - Oestrogen receptor in mammary gland cytosol of virgin, pregnant and lactating
      mice.
AB  - A macromolecular component binding 3H-labelled 17 beta-oestradiol in a specific
      manner and sedimenting in the 8-10-S region on sucrose gradient has been detected
      in the mammary gland cytosol of ovariectomized adult virgin mice. The
      dissociation constant of the macromolecule-oestradiol complex is 4.2 times 10(
      10)M at 4 degrees C. The binding sites for 17beta-oestradiol of cytosol are 3.7
      times 10(-14) mole/mg of protein. Incubation of cytosol with different enzymes
      suggests that the oestrogen-binding cytosol component is proteinaceous. The
      binding activity is destroyed by incubation at high temperatures and by some but
      not all SH-reagents tested. Competition studies show a specificity for oestrogens
      relative to other steroid hormones. The conclusion is that mammary gland cytosol
      of virgin mice contains oestradiol receptor. The receptor content does not
      increase in a specific manner during pregnancy and lactation but rather
      proportionally to total mammary gland protein.

PMID- 173591
TI  - Control of insulin secretion in the developing pancreatic rudiment.

PMID- 173594
TI  - Enhanced cell aggregation in Dictyostelium discoideum by ATP activation of Cyclic
      AMP receptors.

PMID- 173592
TI  - Fine structural observations on the origin and associations of primordial germ
      cells of the mouse.

PMID- 173593
TI  - Development of the small intestine in the hypophysectomized rat. II. Influence of
      cortisone, thyroxine, growth hormone, and prolactin.

PMID- 173595
TI  - Cell shape and membrane changes in the eight-cell mouse embryo: prerequisites for
      morphogenesis of the blastocyst.

PMID- 173596
TI  - Programmed synthesis of collagen during postembryonic development of the nematode
      Panagrellus silusiae.

PMID- 173597
TI  - Cell contact mediated differentiation in dictyostelium.

PMID- 173599
TI  - Infectivity studies of hepatitis A and B in non-human primates.
AB  - We have induced hepatitis A in marmosets of the subspecies Saguinus mystax
      following primary inoculation with human serum containing the MS-1 strain of
      hepatitis A virus (HAV) and in 3 further marmoset subpassages using infective
      marmoset serum from each preceding passage. In each passage acquisition of serum
      antibody against 17 nm virus-like particles recovered from acute illness stools
      of human volunteers who developed hepatitis following inoculation with the MS-1
      strain of HAV, as well as from acute illness stools of hepatitis A cases from a
      common source epidemic of heaptitis A in Arizona could be demonstrated by immune
      electron microscopy (IEM). Particle-containing stool filtrates from the latter
      epidemic also induced hepatitis in chimpanzees after intravenous inoculation.
      Inoculation of partially purified particles from a single banding in CsCl2 has
      further resulted in the induction of hepatitis in S. mystax marmosets. We have
      successfully induced hepatitis in a series of chimpanzees inoculated with sera
      containing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of varying subspecificities.
      Susceptibility appears universal in animals who are initially lacking in serum
      antibody (anti-HBs) and antibody induced following experimental infection is
      homologous in subspecificity to the subspecificities of the antigenic coat
      components of the HBsAg in the inoculum. Results of cross challenge experiments
      indicate that animals developing hepatitis following inoculation of HBsAg of one
      subspecificity set in the d/y-w/r system do not again develop hepatitis following
      inoculation with HBsAg of the alternate subspecificity set.

PMID- 173598
TI  - Viral transformation of rat myoblasts: effects on fusion and surface properties.

PMID- 173600
TI  - Immune adherence and complement-fixation tests for human hepatitis A. Diagnostic
      and epidemiologic investigations.
AB  - The reliable propagation of CR326 strain of human hepatitis A virus in Saguinus
      mystax marmosets has permitted the development of specific serum neutralization,
      complement-fixation (CF), and immune adherence (IA) assays for hepatitis A
      antigen and antibody. The CF and IA assays were made possible by the use of
      livers of CR326-infected marmosets as a source of hepatitis A antigen. All assays
      were shown to be specific for hepatitis A. Cases of hepatitis B did not show
      development of hepatitis A antibody. Hepatitis A antibody appeared following
      onset of illness, and, in the longest time period studied, has persisted for 7
      years. Epidemiologic studies have been performed on several Costa Rican families
      with outbreaks of hepatitis, using the IA and CF assays. Also, several
      populations in the U.S.A. were studied. These indicated a high incidence of
      hepatitis A at an early age in Costa Rica and a relatively low incidence of
      hepatitis A antibody among adults in the U.S.A. It was shown that human immune
      globulin can be standardized for hepatitis A antibody content by the IA assay.
      Finally, the IA assay indicated probable hepatitis A antibody in uninoculated
      chimpanzees, grivet monkeys, and rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 173601
TI  - The mythology of various hepatitis A virus isolates.
AB  - Several types of viral hepatitis may exist. Hepatitis A (MS-1 type) can be
      transmitted to marmosets and chimpanzees. Virus-like particles, which may be
      parvo- or enteroviruses and which have been demonstrated in feces of this type of
      hepatitis, do not share cross-reacting antigens with hepatitis B but do cross
      react with fecal hepatitis A antigen. Hepatitis A (GB type), which also does not
      cross-react with hepatitis B, is not antigenically identical with MS-1; it can be
      transmitted to marmosets and it may be similar to non-type A/non-type B post
      transfusion hepatitis. Hepatitits B does not cross-react either with HA
      particles, the faecal hepatitis type A antigen or with the MS-1 or GB strains; it
      can be transmitted to chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys but not to marmosets.

PMID- 173602
TI  - Virus-like particles in hepatitis A.
AB  - Distinctive 27 nm virus-like particles have been found by immune electron
      microscopy in faecal extracts obtained during the late incubation of naturally
      occurring hepatitis A infection. A variety of particles measuring 22 nm and 30 nm
      have also been observed. However, the predominance of the 27 nm particles
      suggests that these small cubic virus-like structures are closely associated with
      hepatitis A.

PMID- 173603
TI  - Characterization of CR326 human hepatitis A virus, a probable enterovirus.
AB  - CR326 human hepatitis A virus purified by isopycnic banding from infected
      marmoset sera was shown to consist of 27 mmu spherical particles on electron
      microscopic examination. The particles were identified as hepatitis A virus by
      tests for infectivity and by specific neutralization of infectivity with
      convalescent human hepatitis A serum. Also, identical 27 mmu viruses in liver
      extracts gave specific reactions with hepatitis A antisera when tested by immune
      electron microscopy. The buoyant density of the virus in CsCl was 1.34 and it was
      heat (60 degrees C), ether and acid stable but was destroyed by heat (100 degrees
      C), formalin (1:4000) and ultraviolet irradiation. Electron microscopic studies
      of sections of infected marmoset liver showed intracytoplasmic virus particles,
      usually in vesicles. Presumptive findings for RNA, together with the
      intracytoplasmic location of the virus, indicated the virus to be of RNA-type.
      The attributes of the virus indicate it is closely related to the enterovirus
      family and not to hepatitis B virus.

PMID- 173604
TI  - Attempts to differential hepatitis B from hepatitis A infection by newly
      developed serological tests.
AB  - An immune Indian ink micro-agglutination method has been evolved for the
      detection of an antigen present in the blood associated with infectious hepatitis
      (called IHxAg). In previous studies 86% of serum samples taken from children with
      hepatitis A proved to be positive by this technique. Present studies were related
      to 239 adult in-patients with a clinical diagnosis of hepatitis A (123 cases) or
      hepatitis B (116 cases). Blood samples taken serially during the illness were
      tested for IHxAg, HBsAg and anti-HBsAg. The results were in accordance with the
      clinical diagnosis in 60% in contradiction in 30%, whilst all tests brought
      negative results in 10%. The clinical laboratory findings (SGPT, thymol
      turbidity) were more in harmony with our laboratory results than with the
      clinical diagnoses. Rheumatoid factor did not disturb the immune Indian ink
      reaction, labile serum proteins caused, however, non-specific reaction in 30% of
      serum samples. When durocytes were used instead of Indian ink the rate of false
      positive results dropped to 10%. Sera taken in convalescent phase from patients
      with IHx antigenemia in the acute phase of illness contained an antibody against
      IHxAg. A crude gammaglobulin preparation from a pool of convalescent sera gave a
      precipitation line in agarose gel with an antigen present in the fecal extract of
      children with hepatitis A. This precipitation line proved to contain virus-like
      particles with an approximate diameter of 25 nm when tested by
      electronmicroscopy. No precipitation could be seen when sera of the same patients
      were tested against the same gammaglobulin preparation.

PMID- 173605
TI  - Incorporation of 75Se-selenomethionine into human apoproteins. I.
      Characterization of specificity in very-low-density and low-density lipoproteins.
AB  - Characterization of specificity of incorporation of 75Se-selenomethionine into
      human apoproteins following in-vivo injection of the radioactive amino acid
      precursor is reported. Apoprotein fractionation was attained by serial
      ultracentrifugation, anhydrous partial delipidization, decyl sulfate
      solubilization with Sephadex G-150 gel filtration into polypeptide fractions, Sf
      I, and Sf-II, for VLDL, and LDL subfractions. Similarity of the Sf-I fractions
      isolated from VLDL, LDL1, and LDL2 was defined by gel exclusion volume, disk-gel
      electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and amino acid composition. Enrichment of the
      Sf-I fractions with 75Se-SM in VLDL and LDL subfractions was observed, suggesting
      a possible use for this isotopic method for the investigation of apoprotein
      metabolism.

PMID- 173607
TI  - Familial nerve trunk paralyses.

PMID- 173606
TI  - Incorporation of 75Se-selenomethionine into human apoproteins. II.
      Characterization of metabolism of very-low-density and low-density lipoproteins
      in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - This investigation is designed to explore the potential role of apo VLDL as a
      precursor of a polypeptide component of human LDL. Attention was directed to the
      chromatography-defined Sf-I polypeptide fraction of apo VLDL, which has been
      previously shown to be immunologically and chemically indistinguishable from the
      major component of apoLDL.1-3 In VLDL isolated from bloow drawn within two hours
      following 75Se-SM injection, the Sf-I polypeptide fraction of apo VLDL was highly
      enriched with isotope, providing an appropriate preparation for in-vitro tracer
      studies. Conversion of 75Se-VLDL to 75Se-LDL occurred in vitro in the presence of
      normal plasma at 37 degrees C., and this conversion was augmented by post-heparin
      plasma. No conversion to HDL lipoproteins could be detected. Injection of heparin
      in vivo resulted in acute reciprocal changes in the radioactivity contained
      within serum apo VLDL and apoLDL. These findings suggest that a component of the
      Sf-I polypeptide fraction of apo VLDL can be metabolized into the apoprotein of
      LDL in man. Thus, the biochemical and immunologic similarities between the Sf-I
      fractions of apoVLDL and apoLDL may result from a physiologic "precursor-product"
      relationship between the apoprotein moieties of these two lipoprotein species. A
      method for further investigation of the metabolism of human apoprotein is
      suggested.

PMID- 173608
TI  - Hydrocephalus and viral infections.

PMID- 173609
TI  - The control of insulin receptors in the New Zealand obese mouse.
AB  - Insulin receptor concentrations in liver plasma membranes of New Zealand Obese
      (NZO) mice have been studied. When NZO mice were implanted with normal islets of
      Langerhans their blood glucose and plasma insulin declined. When the implanted
      islets were removed these changes were reversed and the mice reverted to their
      insulin resistant state. Changes were observed in the binding of 125I-insulin to
      liver plasma membranes of implanted NZO mice. Binding increased when the plasma
      insulin  was decreased and conversely insulin binding decreased when the plasma
      insulin levels became elevated. The increased insulin binding was not accompanied
      by any changes in the affinity of NZO liver receptors for insulin.

PMID- 173611
TI  - Increased sensitivity of diabetic rat adipose tissue towards the lipolytic action
      of epinephrine.
AB  - Adipose tissue from streptozotocin-diabetic rats exhibits half-maximal lipolytic
      responses (FFA, glycerol release, increase in tissue FFA) to epinephrine at
      hormone concentrations 5-10 times lowere than those required for half-maximal
      stimulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue from normal rats. The lipolytic
      response to epinephrine also occurs more promptly and the antilipolytic effect of
      insulin in the presence of submaximal epinephrine conceptrations is much less
      pronounced than in normal tissue. In contrast, diabetic adipose tissue is less
      responsive to ACTH and glucagon than normal tissue. Half-maximal lipolytic
      responses are elicited by similar dibutyryl cyclic AMP concentrations in both
      tissues. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats during 24 hrs restores the lipolytic
      response of their adipose tissue to epinephrine to nearly normal. Our findings
      point to an abnormality of diabetic adipose tissue possibly related to the
      hypersensitivity of catecholamines encountered in denervated organs which are
      adrenergically innvervated. They are consistent with present concept of different
      hormone discriminators on the fat cell membrane and offer a further explanation
      for increased FFA mobilization in the diabetic state.

PMID- 173610
TI  - Effect of methylxanthines on alloxan inhibition of insulin release.
AB  - Isloated rat islets were maintained in vitro in a perifusion system, exposed to
      alloxan (20 mg/100 ml) for 5 minutes in the presence of agents which affect cAMP
      metabolism and subsequently stimulated with glucose. The rate of insulin
      secretion was monitored throughout the period of perifusion. Exposure to alloxan
      alone produces complete inhibition of glucose-induced insulin release [18]
      whereas concomitant exposure to carreine and theophylline for this brief interval
      provided almost complete protection of the islets from the inhibitory action of
      alloxan. Glucagon, cAMP and CBcAMP did not protect the islets form alloxan. Pre
      treatment of the islets with either theophylline or glucagon and DBcAMP did not
      provide protection. These findings indicate that the protective action of
      theophylline and carreine against alloxan is unrelated to the effect of these
      agents on cAMP metabolism in the beta cell.

PMID- 173612
TI  - Human islet cell adenoma: metabolic analysis of the patient and of tumor cells in
      monolayer culture.
AB  - Cell cultures were established from a benign pancreatic islet adenoma. Over 200
      muU/culture/day immunoreactive insulin were found in culture media. Cultures with
      medium 199 released insulin for about 2 months; those with medium F12K were
      maintained for over 7 months, and have been successfully subcultured. Increasing
      culture medium glucose to 326 mg per 100 ml, alone or with leucine (10 mM) or
      theophylline (2 mM), failed to increase insulin release above baseline. Studies
      in the patient prior to surgery using oral glucose, leucine, beef meal,
      intravenous tolbutamide, and glucagon failed to increase plasma insulin and thus
      were consistent with cell culture responses. Extracts of tumor tissue contained
      23% proinsulin-like material; high insulin containing samples of culture medium
      had 5% proinsulin and less than 40 pg glucagon/ml. Aldehyde fuchsin positive
      granulation was sparse in both cultured cells and the original tumor. These
      studies demonstrate long term viability, in monolayer culture, of cells derived
      from this islet cell adenoma, with retention of secretory characteristics
      consistent with data obtained prior to removal of the adenoma from the patient.

PMID- 173613
TI  - Function of microdissected pancreatic islets cultured in a chemically defined
      medium. I. Insulin content and release.
AB  - Microdissected pancreatic islets from non-inbred ob/ob-mice were cultured for 6
      or 7 days in serum-free tissue culture medium 199. The insulin content of the
      islets decreased 60% during culture in 17 mM or 28 mM glucose and about 70% in
      the presence of 3.3 mM or 5.6 mM glucose. At the end of a culture period in high
      glucose, the sum of the insulin in the islet plus that in the culture medium was
      almost twice as high as the insulin content of fresh islets, indicating an active
      insulin biosynthesis. The maximal insulin response to glucose after culture in 17
      mM or 28 mM glucose was about 40% of that in fresh islets; after culture in 3.3
      mM glucose it was 10%. Half-maximal stimulation was observed at a glucose
      concentration of 5 mM for islets cultured with high glucose as compared to 9 mM
      for fresh islets. Like glucose, glibenclamide was a more effective insulin
      stimulator after culture with a high glucose concentration than with a low one.
      However, leucine-induced insulin release was not affected by the glucose
      concentration in the preceding culture medium. Whereas potentiation of glucose
      stimulated release by arginine or dibutyryl-cAMP was independent of glucose
      concentration during the culture, theophylline released three times more insulin
      when the islets had been cultured with high glucose.

PMID- 173614
TI  - [Differential ultrastructural elements in human cytomegalovirus and Herpes
      simplex virus replication in cultures of human cells].
AB  - Differential ultrastructural features in the replicative cycle between a strain
      of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and two strains (types 1 and 2) of herpes simplex
      virus (HSV) have been studied by electron microscopy. Either on the same or
      different host cell system four differential aspects have been constantly
      observed: a) presence in CMV infected cells of a large nuclear inclusion, lacking
      in HSV infected cells; b) envelopment of CMV capsids by microvescicular systems
      near the nuclear membrane, whereas HSV (types 1 and 2) takes envelope from the
      inner lamina of the nuclear membrane; c) presence in the cytoplasm of CMV
      infected cells of homogeneous dense material and dense microbodies, lacking in
      HSV infected cells; d) in extracellular space homogenous dense microbodies are
      present only in CMV infected cell cultures. Diagnostic usefulness of the above
      reported ultrastructural differences and their meaning on the basis of most
      recent data of the literature are discussed, with special concern to envelopment
      of two viruses and to the nature of homogeneous dense material observed in CMV
      infected cells.

PMID- 173615
TI  - Cyclic AMP in pancreatic acinar cells: effects of gastrointestinal hormones.
AB  - In the presence of 5 mM theophylline, secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide
      (VIP) each increased cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in acinar
      cells isolated from guinea pig pancreas. Without theophylline, neither peptide
      altered cellular cyclic AMP. Glucagon, which is similar to secretin and VIP both
      in chemical structure and spectrum of biologic activities, neither stimulated
      cellular cyclic AMP nor inhibited the stimulation produced by secretin or by VIP.
      Other agents which were tested and found not to increase cellular cyclic AMP were
      cholecystokinin, carboxyl-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin, gastrin I,
      gastrin II, bovine pancreatic polypeptide, carbamylcholine, and prostaglandin E1.
      Neither carboxyl-terminal octapeptide nor gastrin I altered the stimulation of
      cellular cyclic AMP produced by secretin or VIP. With natural secretin a
      significant increase in cellular cyclic AMP could be detected at concentrations
      as low as 3 x 10(-10) M and maximal stimulation occurred at 10(-8) M. VIP was
      approximately 1% as potent as natural secretin and maximal concentrations of
      secretin plus VIP increased cellular cyclic AMP to the same value as was obtained
      with a maximal concentration of secretin alone.

PMID- 173616
TI  - Colonic blood flow in cat and man as analyzed by an inert gas washout technique.
AB  - An inert gas elimination technique for studying blood flow and flow distribution
      in the colon was developed on the cat and applied to patients during abdominal
      surgery. The method involves recording of the elimination of intra-arterially
      injected 85Kr from a colonic segment whereby the gamma- and beta-radiation of the
      tracer is registered simultaneously by a scintillation detector and Geiger-Muller
      tube, respectively. Total blood flow was determined from the recording of gamma
      radioactivity using a modification of Zierler's formula, and muscularis blood
      flow as calculated according to Kety from the mono-exponential elimination
      recorded by the Geiger-Muller tube. The relative weights of the muscularis and
      mucosa-submucosa were determined from dissections or histological sections. With
      these weights and total and muscularis blood flows, flow in the mucosa-submucosa
      was calculated. Total colonic blood flow was 18 +/- 2 ml per min and 100 g of
      colonic tissue (mean +/- SE; n = 21). In the muscularis layer blood flow amounted
      to 11 +/- 1 ml per min and 100 g of muscularis tissue (n = 12), and flow in the
      mucosa-submucosa was calculated to be 28 +/- 5 ml per min and 100 g of mucosal
      submucosal tissue. A major fraction (66 +/- 6%) of total blood flow was
      distributed to the mucosa-submucosa. As total colonic blood flow was enhanced the
      increase in flow was diverted only to the mucosa-submucosa. The feline and human
      large bowel exhibited great qualitative and quantitative circulatory
      similarities.

PMID- 173618
TI  - ACTH production by the pars intermedia of the rainbow trout pituitary.

PMID- 173617
TI  - Blood flow in the small intestine of cat and man as analyzed by an inert gas
      washout technique.
AB  - Using a recently developed 85Kr-elimination technique, blood flow and flow
      distribution of the human small intestine have been investigated in patients
      during abdominal surgery. Total intestinal blood flow was estimated to be 38 +/-
      4 ml per min and 100 g of intestinal tissue (mean +/- SE: n = 19), jejunal blood
      flow being slightly higher than ileal. In 14 of these patients muscularis blood
      flow was determined to be 21 +/- 2 ml per min and 100 g of muscularis tissue and
      mucosal-submucosal blood flow was calculated to be 51 +/- 6 ml per min and 100 g
      of mucosal-submucosal tissue. Seventy-five +/- 3% of total blood flow was
      distributed to the mucosa-submucosa and the remaining 25 +/- 3% to the
      muscularis. It was demonstrated that an increasing fraction of flow was diverted
      to the mucosa-submucosa with enhanced total intestinal blood flow. The human gut
      exhibited great qualitative and quantitative circulatory similarities with the
      feline small intestine.

PMID- 173619
TI  - Biosynthesis and secretion of testosterone by adrenal tissue from the North
      American opossum, Didelphis virginiana, and the effects of tropic hormone
      stimulation.

PMID- 173620
TI  - A deletion map of cyc1 mutants and its correspondence to mutationally altered iso
      1-cytochromes c of yeast.
AB  - Mutants arising spontaneously from sporulated cultures of certain strains of
      yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, contained deletions of the CYC1 gene which
      controls the primary structure of iso-1-cytochrome c. At least 60 different kinds
      of deletions were uncovered among the 104 deletions examined and these ranged in
      length from those encompassing only two adjacent point mutants to those
      encompassing at least the entire CYC1 gene. X-ray-induced recombination rates of
      crosses involving these deletions and cyc1 point mutants resulted in the
      assignment of 211 point mutants to 47 mutational sites and made it possible to
      unambiguously order 40 of these 47 sites. Except for one mutant, cyc1-15, there
      was a strict colinear relationship between the deletion map and the positions of
      13 sites that were previously determined by amino acid alterations in iso-1
      cytochromes c from intragenic revertants.

PMID- 173621
TI  - Lipid deficiencies, leukocytosis, brittle skin--a lethal syndrome caused by a
      recessive mutation, edematous (oed), in the mouse.
AB  - A new neonatal lethal mutation in the mouse with pleiotropic effects, edematous
      (oed), arose spontaneoutosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The external
      phenotypic characteristics include a generally bloated appearance, shiny
      celophane-like skin, and distal hematomata of the extremities. Internally, no
      gross or histological abnormalities could be identified, with the exception of a
      striking leukocytosis. Biochemical analysis revealed a severe disturbance of
      lipid metabolism. Deficiencies in the VLDL, LDL, and the HDL lipoprotein
      fractions have been found in the mutant plasma. In addition, all serum lipids are
      markedly decreased. However, in the mutant liver, only triglycerides are
      significantly decreased; total liver cholesterol and phospholipid values are
      within normal limits. The primary biochemical defect as well as the causal
      relationship between the striking abnormalities of lipid metabolism and those of
      skin and blood are unknown at this time.

PMID- 173622
TI  - [Beta-cholesterol in pregnancy cholestasis. III. Protein metabolism in women with
      pregnancy cholestasis and the cholesterol contents in serum beta-lipoproteins].

PMID- 173623
TI  - Interrelationships of dental maturity, skeletal maturity, height and weight from
      age 4 to 14 years.
AB  - The correlations of dental mineralization stages, skeletal mineralization, body
      height and weight were determined for each year between age 4 and 14 for 121 boys
      and 111 girls of the serial experimental group of the Burlington Growth Centre.
      Dental development related more strongly to morphological development than to
      skeletal development in both sexes, and skeletal age was more strongly related to
      morphological age than to dental stage. The relationship of individual teeth to
      skeletal age, height and weight were different but consistent in a sex-specific
      pattern. In males, both skeletal mineralization and dental mineralization,
      particularly of the first molars, were more closely related to height than to
      weight. In the females, skeletal and dental mineralization, especially of the
      second molars, were more closely related to weight from age 7 than to height.
      These relationships were significant in both pre-adolescent and adolescent years.
      In both these periods, skeletal age and body size related most strongly to late
      stages of tooth formation. Hence, from an early age, the stages of dental,
      skeletal and morphological maturation were significantly interrelated in a
      pattern that was specific for individual teeth and for sex.

PMID- 173625
TI  - Proceedings: Investigation and treatment of a recurrent vipoma.

PMID- 173624
TI  - Stimulation of water and sodium secretion and inhibition of glucose absorption
      from the rat jejunum during intraarterial infusions of prostglandins.
AB  - The effect of prostaglandins, isoprenaline and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate (dibut cAMP) on the net transfer of water and Na+ and glucose
      absorption have been studied in the anaesthetized rat. The lumen of the jejunum
      was recirculated with a solution of normal saline containing D (+) glucose and
      phenosulphonphthalein. The superior mesenteric artery was perfused
      extracorporeally and drugs were infused into the arterial blood. Prostaglandin E1
      (PGE1) at infusion rates of 2-5 X 10(-9) and 10(-8) mol/min induced a net
      secretion of water and Na+ which was significantly different from the infused
      control mean. Both water and Na+ secretion were dose-related. PGE1 induced slight
      but significant inhibition of glucose absorption at 10(-8) mol/min. This could
      either be a direct effect or secondary to solvent drag. PGE2 (2-5 X 10(-9)
      mol/min) and PGF2alpha (8 X 10(-9) mol/min) induced water and Na+ secretion, and
      inhibited glucose absorption but not significantly. Isoprenaline (10(-9) mol/min)
      and dibut cAMP (8 X 10(-9) mol/min) did not alter water, Na+ or glucose
      absorption.

PMID- 173626
TI  - Proceedings: Inhibition of enterotoxin-induced intestinal secretion by the
      polypeptide antibiotic, polymyxin.

PMID- 173628
TI  - Proceedings: Bicarbonate and cyclic AMP secretion in pure pancreatic juice: dose
      response curves to synthetic secretin in man.

PMID- 173627
TI  - Proceedings: A simple test for patency of portacaval shunts.

PMID- 173629
TI  - Proceedings: Pancreatic D cells in normal and pathological human pancreas.

PMID- 173630
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of cholecystokinin, secretion and acetylcholine on
      pancreatic enzyme secretion and tissue levels of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP.

PMID- 173632
TI  - Rigid digits or symphalangism.

PMID- 173631
TI  - On the usefulness of PAS reaction for the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia.

PMID- 173633
TI  - [Editorial: 100 years after the discovery of Entameba histolytica].

PMID- 173634
TI  - [Editorial: Latency of simian herpes in rabbits].

PMID- 173635
TI  - Oxidative enzymes in the development of Fasciola hepatica L. IV. The activity of
      oxidases and dehydrogenases in redia.
AB  - The object of the study was to investigate the occurrence and localization of
      oxidative enzymes in the redia -- the third larval stage of Fasciola hepatica L.
      The author detected cytochrome oxidase, peroxidase, NADH and NADPH tetrazolium
      reductases (diaphorases), as well as succinate, isocitrate, malate, lactate,
      alpha-glycerophosphate, glyceraldehyde phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, 6
      phosphogluconate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, L-glutamate, and alcohol dehydrogenases.
      The presence and localization of the enzymes in various periods of development of
      the redia were detected with histochemical methods. Out of the studied oxidases
      and dehydrogenases only cytochrome oxidase was found to be absent from the stages
      of young rediae. It was ascertained that the redia uses all three paths of
      release of energy i.e. the glycolytic, Krebs, and pentose cycles, glycolysis
      being presumably the principal mode of energy production.

PMID- 173637
TI  - Specific and non-specific phosphatases in the miracidium of Fasciola hepatica L.
AB  - Localization and activities of alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, 5-nucleotidase,
      glucose-6-phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase and nucleoside diphosphatase were
      studied in the miracidium of Fasciola hepatica L. Except for nucleoside
      diphosphatase whose activity in the miracidium was not observed, all the enzymes
      were most active in the archenteron, protonephridia and nerve ganglion. This
      localization of the reaction intensity allows the inference that the three organs
      mentioned are sites of both intense carbohydrate metabolism and lively active
      transport. The role of phosphatases in carbohydrate metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 173636
TI  - Oxidative enzymes in the development of Fasciola hepatica L. V. Activity of
      oxidases and dehydrogenases in the Cercaria and Metacercaria.
AB  - The object of the study was the investigation of the occurrence and localization
      of oxidative enzymes in the 4th and 5th larval stages of the liver fluke, i. e.
      in the cercaria and metacercaria. The following enzymes were detected: cytochrome
      oxidase, peroxidase, NADH and NADPH tetrazolium reductases/diaphorases) as well
      as succinate, isocitrate, malate, lactate, alpha-glycerophosphate, glyceraldehyde
      phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, L
      glutamate and alcohol dehydrogenases. The occurrence and localization of the
      enzymes were investigated histochemically in the cercaria still unreleased from
      the snail tissues, in the free natatorial cercaria, and in the encysted specimen,
      i.e. metacercaria. Among the enzymes studied only peroxidase was found to be
      absent from the cercaria and metacercaria, the latter larva being deprived of
      alcohol and L-glutamate dehydrogenases as well. The aerobic path, i.e. the Krebs
      cycle, was ascertained as the principal mode of obtaining energy in the free
      natatorial cercaria and metacercaria, and glycolysis as the main energy path for
      the undetached larva. The analysis of the above-mentioned oxidative enzymes was
      the basis for the description, within the available range, of the function and
      metabolism of individual organs of cercaria in different periods of its
      development. In the recapitulation the author discusses the effect of the
      parasitic way of life of the larval forms of Fasciola hepatica on their energy
      metabolism.

PMID- 173638
TI  - [The angiographic appearances of liver haemangiomas (author's transl)].
AB  - Thirteen cases of cavernous haemangiomas of the liver are described, and the
      clinical features, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. The purpose of this
      paper is to show the value of selective coeliac angiography in the differential
      diagnosis. The most important angiographic findings in cavernous haemangiomas of
      the liver are: supplying arteries of normal width, prolonged stasis of the
      contrast medium producing the appearance of spotty contrast depots, frequently,
      sharp delineation of the tumours; no A-V fistulae and no tumour vessels. Other
      hypervascular liver tumours must be distinguished from these, particularly
      hepatocellular carcinomas and sarcomas, as well as the rare
      haemangioendotheliomas.

PMID- 173639
TI  - [Angiographic findings in juvenile angiofibroma of the nasopharynx (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Juvenile angiofibroma of the nasopharynx has a specific tendency to grow through
      anatomical fissures and foramina with invasion of the surroundings. Angiography
      by selective techniques, detail angiography and the use of subtraction permits
      accurate delineation of the tumour and of its vascular supply. The angiographic
      appearances are highly characteristic and equal in value to a histological
      diagnosis. Consequently a possibly difficult biopsy can be avoided and radical
      surgery carried out. As a result, the recurrence rate can be reduced. Post
      operative control and the demonstration of recurrences is also possible with
      angiography.

PMID- 173640
TI  - [Tumors and tumor-like lesions of soft tissues in the digits. A
      clinicopathological and statistical analysis of 230 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 173642
TI  - [Studies on the metabolism of oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta in the liver of
      minipigs of different ages and sexes (author's transl)].
AB  - After incubation of [4-14C]oestrone (E1) with liver slices from minipigs, the
      ether-soluble fraction contained [4-14C]oestradiol-17 beta (E2). In the protein
      bound fractions, only polar metabolites were found, whereas in the water-soluble
      fraction the 3-monoglucuronide of oestriol (E1) was the preferred conjugate. When
      E2 was used as a substrate, E1 was present as main metabolite in the ether
      soluble fraction. The radioactive metabolites in the protein-bound and water
      soluble fractions were similar to those in the experiments with E1. The
      metabolism of E1 and E2 was dependent on age. Thus, the rate of conversion of
      oestrogens was greater in liver tissue of infertile male animals than in fertile
      males. In contrast, the two steroids were metabolised more rapidly in liver of
      fertile female minipigs than in infertile female animals. In fertile animals, the
      metabolic pattern of oestrogens in the ether-soluble, the protein-bound and the
      water-soluble fractions showed sex dependence: In females, E1 and E2 were
      metabolised to a greater extent by liver slices than in males. On the other hand,
      in experiments with male minipigs, E3-3-monoglucuronide was the only metabolite
      in the water-soluble fraction, whereas liver slices of female animals not only
      form E3-3-monoglucuronide, but also the 3-glucuronides of E1 and E2. The results
      described here show that, in liver tissue of minipigs, the oxidoreduction of E2
      and E1 is the predominant reaction; in contrast to human liver, hydroxylation
      reactions play only a minor role. It may be concluded that there are differences
      in the metabolism of steroid hormones in man and minipig.

PMID- 173641
TI  - Epithelial basement membrane of bovine renal tubuli. Isolation and analysis of
      the carbohydrate chains.
AB  - The carbohydrate chains present in the tubular basement membrane of bovine kidney
      were studied. Digestion with collagenase followed with pronase resulted in a
      complete solubilization of the basement membrane. The different glycopeptides
      were purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Two kinds of
      carbohydrate chains could be characterized: oligosaccharides composed of
      glucosamine, mannose, galactose, fucose and sialic acid, and glucosylgalactose
      disaccharides. A very small portion of the oligosaccharide chains (ca. 4%)
      appeared to be free of sialic acid. The bulk of these chains contained sialic
      acid and fucose, although in small amounts. Only traces of galactosamine were
      found.

PMID- 173643
TI  - [Studies on the metabolism of oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta in the kidneys of
      minipigs of different ages and sexes (author's transl)].
AB  - After incubation of [4-14C]oestrone (E1) with kidney cortex slices of minipigs,
      [4-14C]oestradiol-17 beta (E2) and small amounts of a polar metabolite were
      detected in the ether-soluble fraction. E1, E2 and polar metabolites were found
      in the protein-bound fraction. The water-soluble fraction contained E1-3
      glucuronide (80% of total glucuronides), E2-3-glucuronide and trace amounts of
      the 3-monoglucuronide of oestriol (E3). When E2 was used as substrate, the main
      product formed was E1; it was detected in both the ether-soluble and protein
      bound fractions. E1-3-Glucuronide was the main metabolite in the water-soluble
      fraction, which also contained some E2-3-Glucuronide. In male minipigs, the mast,
      the rate of conversion of E1 and E2 as well as the formation of glucuronides were
      significantly greater in fertile females than in infertile females. Whereas no
      sex difference was observed in the metabolism of oestrogens in kidneys of
      infertile minipigs, the rate of oxidoreduction and glucuronidation was more
      pronounced in fertile female animals than in the corresponding males. The present
      results suggest that, in the kidneys of minipigs, the ratio of E1 to E2 is
      shifted towards the former; furthermore, by a comparatively rapid metabolism of
      the oestrogenic hormone, the renal tissue contributes to the maintenance of
      hormonal equilibrium.

PMID- 173644
TI  - Effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the metabolism of pregnenolone in vivo.

PMID- 173645
TI  - Psychiatric liaison with private facilities caring for discharged patients.
AB  - Motivated by concern about the fate of psychiatric hospital patients after
      discharge to the community, a community mental health center decided to send a
      psychiatrist into the community to establish liaison with private-care facilities
      and to determine the needs of such discharged patients. As a result of the
      psychiatrist's efforts, owners of the area's private-care facilities acquired a
      better understanding of the needs of their residents and learned where they could
      turn for help in caring for discharge psychiatric patients. A study of one board
      and-care facility revealed a marked decrease in the use of the center's emergency
      service and in the number of hospital admissions after one year of this extended
      service.

PMID- 173646
TI  - Lysine-sensitive aspartate kinase of Serratia marcescens.

PMID- 173647
TI  - [Quantitative and virus specific serum IgM detection in newborns (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Serum IgM concentration was determined in umbilical cord blood samples from 1000
      newborns. 34 cases presenting elevated IgM values (greater than or equal to 30
      mg%) were tested for virus specific IgM antibodies. We could demonstrate such
      virus specific IgM antibodies against Cytomegalovirus (4), against Rubella,
      Influenza A and Influenza B (2 each) and against Coxsackie virus (1). The
      quantitation of IgM in blood samples of child bearing women showed no elevated
      values compared to those of non-pregnant women of similar age groups.

PMID- 173648
TI  - Carbohydrate oxidation and antibody function in equine anti-diphtheria
      immunoglobulin T.

PMID- 173649
TI  - Heme-octapeptide of cytochrome-c with peroxidase activity coupled to antibody: an
      alternative method.

PMID- 173650
TI  - The influence of heterologous combinations of antiserum and enzyme-labeled
      estrogen on the characteristics of estrogen enzyme-immunoassays.

PMID- 173651
TI  - Ulcerogenic effect of steroids in 'shay' operated toads Bufo melanostictus
      Schneider.

PMID- 173652
TI  - Influence of fatty acids on pressor responses to catecholamines.
AB  - Lauric, Myristic and Palmitic acids had no appreciable effect whereas Stearic,
      Oleic and Linoleic acids caused some reduction in dog blood pressure. Pressor
      responses to epinephrine and nor-epinephrine were potentiated whereas the
      depressor response to isoproterenol was reduced during the infusion of fatty
      acids in dogs. ACTH alone, which causes mobilization of free fatty acids had no
      appreciable effect on blood pressure responses to catecholamines, however, its
      administration followed by salicylate produced marked potentiation of the pressor
      responses to epinephrine and nor-epinephrine; the depressor response to
      isoproterenol was reduced.

PMID- 173653
TI  - Passive immunization in experimental Herpesvirus hominis infection of newborn
      mice.
AB  - Infection of newborn mice with Herpesvirus hominis type 2(HVH-2) was used as an
      experimental model of disseminated HVH infection in newborn humans. Mice were
      challenged with 103 plaque-forming units of HVH-2 intranasally and were given 0.2
      ml of rabbit serum intraperitoneally. Passive immunizations with rabbit anti-HVH
      2 serum resulted in a significant decrease in mortality and prolongation of
      survival time. This effect correlated with the neutralizing antibody titer of the
      serum against HVH-2 and was more pronounced when immune serum was administered 1
      h after infection as compared with 24 h. These results suggest that
      administration of high-titer anti-HVH-2 immunoglobulins shortly after delivery
      could afford significant protection to the newborn of a mother with genital HVH-2
      infection.

PMID- 173654
TI  - Effect of anti-herpesvirus drugs on human and bovine lymphoid function in vitro.
AB  - Lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and
      herpesvirus (herpes simplex virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus)
      antigens were evaluated in the presence of various concentrations of the anti
      herpesvirus drugs, methylmethoxydeoxyuridine (OCH3CH2UdR), cytosine arabinoside
      was inhibitory at 25 mug/ml and cytosine arabinoside was inhibitory OCH3CH2UdR
      per ml, lymphocyte proliferative responses were unaffected and were not abolished
      even by concentrations of 2,500 mug/ml. In contrast, adenine arabinocide was
      inhibitory at 25 mug/ml and cytosine was inhibitory at 5 mug/ml. Both direct and
      antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity of herpesvirus-infected target cells
      were highly resistant to OCH3CH2UdR; concentrations of 1,000 mug/ml were only
      marginally inhibitory. The anti-herpesvirus activity of all three drugs is
      similar (0.5 to 8 mug/ml) (L.A. Babiuk, B. Meldrum, V.S. Gupta, and B. T. Rouse,
      submitted for publication). The drug OCH3CH2UdR should be given a careful, well
      controlled evaluation of its effectiveness in the treatment of herpes simplex
      infections in animals, perhaps including humans, since our results using in vitro
      models show that cellular responses important for recovery from herpesvirus
      infections are unaffected by doses far in excess of those found be be antiviral.

PMID- 173655
TI  - Increased susceptibility to bacterial infection as a sequela of exposure to
      2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
AB  - The effects of subclinical levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloridibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
      on the response of mice to infection with either Salmonella bern or Herpesvirus
      suis, also known as pseudorabies virus, are reported. TCDD is a contaminant of
      certain commercially useful chemicals, such as chlorinated phenols or herbicides.
      It has been shown to cause thymic atrophy and to suppress cell-mediated immunity
      in laboratory animals. Sublethal levels of TCDD were used: 0.5, 1,5, 10, or 20
      mug/kg, given through a gastric tube once weekly for 4 weeks. A significant
      decrease in weight gain compared with control mice occurred at the 20-mug dosage.
      Dose schedules of 1 mug or more, followed by salmonella infection, resulted in
      significant increases in mortality and decreases in the time from infection to
      dealth. However, TCDD had no significant effect on mortality in the pseudorabies
      infected mice. The most important finding in this study is that extremely low
      levels of TCDD, which do not produce clinical or pathological change, still have
      the capacity to affect host defense.

PMID- 173656
TI  - Determination of subgroup-specific feline oncornavirus-neutralizing antibody.
AB  - A microneutralization assay was developed for antibody-to-subgroup-specific
      feline oncornaviruses. This study combines the economic advantage of a microtiter
      system and the quantitative focus reduction method which permits contruction of
      multiplicity curves for determination of virus-neutralizing titers. A twofold
      increase in Synder-Theilen feline sarcoma virus (ST-FeSV) on feline embryo cells
      decreased by approximately twofold the titer of reference goat serum prepared
      against Kawakami-Theilen feline leukemia virus. Similar dose effects with FeLV
      serotype virus preparations were not observed. An assay system utilizing FeLV
      serotypes on sarcoma-positive leukemia-negative cells demonstrated slightly
      greater sensitivity than one employing ST-FeSV on FE cells. Differential antibody
      responses to the three subgroup-specific feline oncornaviruses (A, B ,and C) were
      observed in reference goat sera. This test demonstrated good reproducibility as
      well as sensitivity and constitutes a significant improvement over end point
      dilution assay systems.

PMID- 173657
TI  - Induction of herpes simplex virus immunity in newborn mice.
AB  - It was demonstrated that newborn mice, surviving an infection with attenuated
      herpes simplex virus, become resistant to challenge with a pathogenic strain of
      herpes simplex virus. This resistance did not seem to be mediated by antibody.

PMID- 173658
TI  - An improved specific IgM antibody assay for Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - A new method for detecting specific IgM antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus
      using indirect fluorescence is presented. The procedure is simple and
      reproducible, and of great value for the diagnosis of an acute infection. The
      number of positive cells is higher than in the Epstein-Barr IgG test. It would
      seem that it is possible to detect a positive IgM-specific antigen with this new
      test.

PMID- 173659
TI  - Effect of quartz and asbestos on erythrocyte surface charge.

PMID- 173661
TI  - Radical formation in salts of pyrimidines. II. Cytosine. HCl crystals.
AB  - Radicals produced by X-irradiation at 77 K and at 300 K of cytosine. HCl crystals
      have been analysed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Four radicals have
      been identified: the anion radical of the cytosine molecule, the radical
      resulting from H-addition at position C6, the radical resulting from H-addition
      at position O2, and finally a radical resulting from addition of a Cl- to
      nitrogen N3. Huckel molecular orbital calculations are presented, which support
      the hypothesis according to which in unsaturated pyrimidines the site of
      hydrogenation or protonation depends on the state of the molecule.

PMID- 173660
TI  - Less common skin markers of visceral neoplasms.

PMID- 173662
TI  - Reassociation kinetics of DNA from x-irradiated ascites hepatoma cells of the
      rat.
AB  - The kinetics of the reassociation fo DNA from ascites hepatoma cells has been
      studied. The curve exhibited three zones corresponding to 'fast', 'intermediate'
      and 'slow' speeds of DNA reassociation. The difference was observed in the DNA
      reassociation curves of the control and irradiated (1500 rad) cells which was
      particularly expressed in the 'slow' zone (10(2) less than C0t less than 10(4).
      The same dose, however, does not qualitatively effect the secondary DNA
      structure, which was estimated by the method of thermal elution from the
      hydroxyapatite column.

PMID- 173664
TI  - Recent epidemiological features of Japanese encephalitis in the Republic of
      Korea.

PMID- 173663
TI  - E.s.r. studies of halogenated pyrimidines in gamma-irradiated alkaline glasses.
AB  - The reactions of mobile electrons (em-) and oxygen radical anions (O--) with
      halogenated bases and nucleosides have been studies in gamma-irradiated alkaline
      glasses by e.s.r. and specific halogen-ion electrode techniques. It is shown that
      electrons react with halogenated uracil bases (XUr where X = Cl, Br. I but not F)
      by dissociative electron attachment to form uracil-5-yl radicals (U-) and halogen
      anions. The relative rates of reaction of em- with XUr decrease in the sequence
      BrUr greater than ClUr greater than FUr greater than IUr. Thermal annealing
      studies carried out on U- in H2O and D2O matrices support the hypothesis that U-
      in H2O hydrates across the 5-6 double bond in the temperature region 135 degrees
      155 degrees K, and deuterates to a much smaller extent in D2O at temperatures
      above 155 degrees K. Studies on bromouridine and bromodeoxyurinde suggest that em
      reacts with the base moieties to form U- type radicals which abstract H- from
      the sugar moieties of adjacent nucleosides.

PMID- 173665
TI  - Synaptochemistry of acetylcholine metabolism in a cholinergic neuron.

PMID- 173666
TI  - Giant mixed submandibular salivary tumors.

PMID- 173667
TI  - Thoraco-abdominal approach in tumour nephrectomy.
AB  - In order to prevent intraoperative metastasis, venous invasion and infilitration
      of the regional lymph nodes by renal carcinoma, the thoraco-abdominal surgical
      approach is recommended. The vascular pedicle can in this way be explored and
      ligated before manipulation of the tumour. After total nephrectomy en bloc with
      the fatty capsule and adrenal gland, paracaval, paraaortal and intravasal
      lymphadenectomy is performed. Tumorous protrusions into the vena cava can mostly
      be removed at the same time. Inoperability rate could be reduced to 2.1 per cent
      as opposed to an earlier 11.3 per cent with the lumbar approach. TNM
      classification followed the recommendations of the UICC and was supplemented with
      a four-stage system. No improvement over the lumbar approach in respect of
      survival has been achieved in the first three postoperative years. However, local
      recurrence is expected to diminish as a result of improved radicality.

PMID- 173668
TI  - Experimental studies with Staphylococcus aureus in M-K media.
AB  - This study reviewed the potential for survival of a pathogenic bacteria when
      inoculated into McCarey-Kaufman modified tissue culture media 199. A clinically
      isolated specimen of Staphylococcus aureus was selected and rabbit eyes
      inoculated with 0.1 ml. of the organism in a suspension of 1 to 3 x 10(-5). Upon
      enucleation 12 hours later no clinical signs of infection were noted. Limbal
      conjunctival cultures were obtained on all eyes before and after application of
      the antibiotic. Corneas were stored in M-K media with standard penicillin
      streptomycin added and cultured up to 48 hours. Our studies showed some recovery
      of the infecting organism from the media with topical antibiotic application but
      none following complete immersion of eyes in antibiotic. Direct cultures from
      corneal buttons taken 48 to 72 hours after antibiotic application by either
      method showed 1 to 3 colonies per plate in 25 per cent of eyes. In this study
      improperly applied antibiotic allowed some survival of S. aureus in the media.

PMID- 173669
TI  - Cytopathic effects in primary epithelial cultures derived from the human
      prostate.
AB  - Normal, benign, and malignant human prostatic tissue was cultivated in vitro.
      Cytopathic effects in derived epithelial cells were examined. Light microscopy
      revealed polykaryocyte formation, vacuolation, cytoplasmic bridges and processes,
      nuclear inclusions, increased acid phosphatase activity at the cell membrane of
      polykaryocytes as compared to mononuclear cells, and cell rounding and clumping.
      Electron microscopy of the polykaryocytes showed nuclear membrane proliferation
      and protrusion, scarlike nuclear inclusions containing microfibrils, and virus
      like particles similiar to viral nucleoids and nucleocapsids. The latter were
      also observed in the cytoplasm. The above alterations are similar to those
      induced by known herpesviruses. The significance of these changes, the
      possibility of the presence of a latent herpesvirus in the prostate, and its role
      in neoplastic disease are postulated.

PMID- 173670
TI  - A human adrenocortical adenoma in tissue culture. Morphology and hormone
      secretion.
AB  - A human adrenocortical adenoma was cultivated in vitro and the morphological
      characteristics, steroidogenic activity and response to ACTH of the cultured
      cells were studied over a period of about two months. At first, the morphology of
      the cultures was similar to that of the original tissue. This structure changed
      in the course of time and the cells underwent fibroblastoid transformation.
      Stimulation with ACTH evoked two types of morphological response: a) a short-term
      response, whereby an extensive but rapidly reversible vacuolization was followed
      by cell enlargement and granulation, and b) a long-term effect in which the
      differentiated cell morphology was maintained. The cultures showed a low
      steroidogenic activity throughout the experiment. ACTH stimulation increased the
      total 17-hydroxysteroid production up to 10-fold. After ACTH withdrawal the
      corticosteroid levels declined slowly and about 50% of the maximal activity
      persisted on the fifth day after ACTH withdrawal.

PMID- 173671
TI  - Proceedings: Kinetic aspects of the stimulation of enzymatic hydrolysis of
      sphingomyelin by triton x-100.

PMID- 173672
TI  - Proceedings: Studies on fructose hepatotoxicity in intact rats and in isolated
      liver cells.

PMID- 173673
TI  - Proceedings: Separation of the "estrogen-induced protein" from phosphoprotein
      phosphatase activity of immature rat uteri.

PMID- 173675
TI  - Proceedings: Labeling of soybean agglutinin by oxidation with sodium periodate,
      followed by reduction with sodium 3H-borohydride.

PMID- 173674
TI  - Proceedings: Factors affecting glycerol and dihydroxyacetone phosphorylation in
      Acetobacter xylinum.

PMID- 173676
TI  - Proceedings: Involvement of sulfhydryl groups in the virus-induced cell fusion
      process.

PMID- 173677
TI  - Proceedings: Phosphatidylinositol kinase activity in rat parotid secretory
      granules.

PMID- 173678
TI  - Proceedings: Solubilization of sphingomyelinase of rat brain lysosomes.

PMID- 173679
TI  - Proceedings: Cytolysis of cultured lymphoma cells by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 173680
TI  - Proceedings: Energy requirement of the breakdown of RNA in cultured hepatoma
      cells.

PMID- 173681
TI  - Proceedings: Repression of cholinesterase production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by
      NH4+ and glucose and its prevention by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 173682
TI  - Proceedings: Cytoplasmic processing of SV40 RNA in productively infected cells.

PMID- 173683
TI  - Proceedings: Purification and translation of mRNA coding for SV40 proteins.

PMID- 173684
TI  - Proceedings: Biogenesis of SV40 RNA in productively infected cells.

PMID- 173685
TI  - Proceedings: Symmetrical transcription of SV40 DNA early in the infection and in
      transformed cells.

PMID- 173686
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of cycloheximide on virus DNA replication in an inducible
      line of polyomatransformed rat cells.

PMID- 173687
TI  - Proceedings: Studies on the replication of human cytomegalovirus in human embryo
      cells.

PMID- 173688
TI  - Proceedings: Interaction of avian sarcoma viruses with mammalian cells.

PMID- 173689
TI  - Proceedings: Evidence for a protein synthesis requirement early in the infectious
      cycle of the murine sarcoma-leukemia virus.

PMID- 173690
TI  - Proceedings: Activation of SV40 by transfer of fractionated chromosomes from
      transformed cells.

PMID- 173691
TI  - Proceedings: Ribonucleoprotein particles containing SV40 RNA.

PMID- 173693
TI  - Proceedings: A variant of type II a hyperlipoproteinemia in a large Jewish
      family.

PMID- 173692
TI  - Proceedings: Characterization of purine metabolism in cultured fibroblasts from a
      gouty family with feedback-resistant phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase.

PMID- 173694
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of thyrocalcitonin and parathyroid hormone on adenosine
      triphosphatases and phosphatases of rat kidney plasma membranes.

PMID- 173695
TI  - Proceedings: Role of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the
      control of liver gluconeogenesis in fasted and nonfasted heat-acclimated
      hamsters.

PMID- 173697
TI  - [After care of acetabular fractures].

PMID- 173696
TI  - Estimated toxicity of Ca-DTPA to the human fetus.

PMID- 173698
TI  - Sodium chloride restriction and extracellular fluid volume contraction in
      hyperphosphatiuric vitamin D resistant rickets in the Lowe syndrome.
AB  - A patient with a Lowe syndrome was observed from birth. Progressive
      hyperchloraemic renal tubular acidosis, hypophosphataemia, hyperphosphaturia and
      generalized hyperaminoaciduria had developed in infancy. Supplementary vitamin D,
      alkali and a high intake of dietary phosphate were unsuccessful in controlling
      the severe phosphate diabetes and rickets. Contraction of the extracellular fluid
      volume by dietary sodium restriction resulted in correction of the acidosis,
      hypophosphataemia, hyperaminoaciduria, and hyperphosphaturia, and healing of the
      rickets.

PMID- 173699
TI  - Genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection--variability in modes of spread.
AB  - Ever since the first report in 1967 of the association of herpes simplex virus
      type 2 (HSV-2) with urogenital infections, we have noted the occasional isolation
      of HSV-1 from such sites. Our most recent results of the typing of HSV isolates
      from 527 individuals with urogenital infections show that 10.9% of such
      infections in females and 3.4% in males are caused by HSV-1. We describe here the
      acquisition of a primary oral HSV-1 infection in a male after orogenital contact
      with his wife who had a primary genital HSV-1 infection, probably as a result of
      sexual contact with another male partner. The various modes of acquisition and
      spread of genital HSV-1, including nonvenereal routes, are reviewed. It is
      suggested that the influence of the microenvironment of the female genital tract
      on the selection of variants of microorganism--viruses, bacteria, etc--requires
      concerted study.

PMID- 173700
TI  - Effect of desdanine on nucleoside diphosphate kinase and pyruvate kinase of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Kinetic analysis demonstrated that the irreversible inhibition of nucleoside
      diphosphate kinase of Escherichia coli by desdanine proceeds via a reversible
      Enzyme-Inhibitor complex. It is known that pyruvate kinase of E. coli becomes
      inactive upon prolonged dialysis in the absence of a reducing reagent, such as
      dithiothreitol and that the inactive enzyme is reactivated if dithiothretiol is
      added. Desdanine inhibits this reactivation process. The effect is discussed in
      relation to inhibition in relation to the inhibition of growth of E. coli by
      desdanine under anaerobic conditions. Pyruvate kinase of E. coli changes not only
      in intracellular quantity but in its kinetic characteristics depending on growth
      conditions, aerobic or anaerobic. The enzyme shows a broad specificity for
      nucleside diphosphates, especially in the presence of AMP, and thus resembles
      closely nucleoside diphosphate kinase. The in vivo role of pyruvate kinase in
      supplying nucleoside triphosphates under anaerobic conditions is discussed.

PMID- 173701
TI  - Fungi and clostridia in hospital air: the effect of air-conditioning.

PMID- 173702
TI  - The influence of nutrient limitation in a chemostat on the sensitivity of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa to polymyxin and to EDTA.

PMID- 173703
TI  - An application of neuroendocrinological studies in autistic children and Heller's
      syndrome.
AB  - The response of plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) to intravenous pyrogen
      as well as the circadian rhythm of plasma 11-OHCS levels were investigated in
      seven autistic children and in two children with Heller's syndrome. In autistic
      children, the stress response, which is acquired in an earlier stage of
      development, was adequately sustained. However, the circadian rhythm, which seems
      to appear at a later stage with the maturity of the CNS, frequently revealed
      abnormal patterns. Similar findings were obtained in the Heller's syndrome cases,
      indicating organic changes in the brain. On the basis of these results, it is
      postulated that in early infantile autism there exist some functional changes in
      the CNS that show a close correlation to the regulatory mechanism of ACTH
      secretion.

PMID- 173704
TI  - Specific inhibition of phospholipid synthesis in plsA mutants of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - plsA mutants of Escherichia coli are temperature-sensitive strains which possess
      two enzymes of abnormal thermolability, sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase
      and adenylate kinase. Phospholipid synthesis is inhibited after shift of plsA
      mutants to temperatures at the lower end of the nonpermissive temperature range.
      This inhibition is not due to inactivation of the adenylate kinase activity since
      nucleic acid (and hence adenosine 5'-triphosphate) synthesis is inhibited only
      slightly. These results show that in vivo inactivation of the sn-glycerol 3
      phosphate acyltransferase can be observed under conditions which allow normal
      adenylate kinase function.

PMID- 173705
TI  - Spin-labeling studies on the lipids of psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and
      mesophilic clostridia.
AB  - Spin-labeling studies were conducted to elucidate the viscosity and phase
      transition temperatures of lipids isolated from psychrophilic, psychrotrophic,
      and mesophilic clostridia. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy indicated that
      the lipids, for all the growth temperatures tested, were in a fluid state and
      from 13 to 24 C higher than the corresponding lipid transition temperatures. When
      the organisms were grown at different temperatures, a psychrotropic and two
      mesophilic clostridia were shown to be able to adjust their lipid-phase
      transition temperature to the growth temperature. A psychrophilic Clostridium
      strain, when grown at different temperatures, synthesized lipids that had the
      same phase transition temperature. It is suggested that this lack of growth
      temperature-inducible regulation of lipid-phase transition temperature may be a
      molecular determinant for the psychrophily of this organism. It is proposed that
      the growth temperature range of an organism is dependent upon the ability of the
      organism to regulate its lipid fluidity within a specific range.

PMID- 173706
TI  - Ultrastructural study of polymyxin-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - Upon exposure to 6,000 U of polymyxin B sulfate per ml, cells of the polymyxin
      sensitive PAO 1 strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed in thin sections long
      projections arising from the outer membrane of the cell wall and extensive
      cytoplasmic degradation with accumulation of cytoplasmic membrane infoldings.
      Polymyxin-resistant isolates derived from the PAO 1 strain, however, grew well in
      the presence of 6,000 U of polymyxin per ml and exhibited none of these effects,
      having instead the appearance of a typically healthy cell. Freeze-etching of
      cells of the sensitive strain grown in basal medium without polymyxin revealed a
      concave cell wall layer studded with numerous particles. Freeze-etching of cells
      of the resistant isolates grown in basal medium containing 6,000 U of polymyxin
      per ml revealed a concave cell wall layer (i.e., the outer half of the outer
      membrane) in which most of these particles were absent. Thus, acquisition of
      resistance to polymyxin was correlated with an alteration in the architecture of
      the outer membrane. When the resistant isolates were grown in the basal medium
      lacking polymyxin and then freeze-etched, the particle distribution in the
      concave cell wall layer resembled that of the sensitive parent strain. The cells
      had regained sensitivity to polymyxin upon suspension in medium containing 6,000
      U/ml as determined by their failure to grow and by internal damages seen in thin
      sections. These cells also had acquired increased sensitivity to
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate, whereas the polymyxin-resistant cells grown in the
      presence of polymyxin were resistant to lysis by ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The
      polymyxin-resistant isolates were not stable mutants but instead represented an
      adaptive response to the presence of polymyxin in the medium.

PMID- 173707
TI  - Mutants of Aspergillus nidulans lacking nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      specific glutamate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Ten mutants of Aspergillus nidulans lacking nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH) have been isolated, and their
      mutations (gdhB1 through gdhB10) have been shown to lie in the gdhB gene. In
      addition, a temperature-sensitive gdhB mutant (gdhB11) has been isolated. A
      revertant (designated R-5) of the mutant gdhB1 bears an additional lesion in the
      gdhB gene and has altered NAD-GDH activity with altered Km values for ammonia or
      ammonium ions and for alpha-ketoglutarate. These results suggest that gdhB
      specifies a structural component for NAD-GDH. The growth characteristics of gdhB
      mutants indicate the routes by which amino acids are utilized as nitrogen and
      carbon energy sources. The properties are described of the double mutants bearing
      the mutations gdhB1 and gdhA1 or tamA119, which have low NADP-GDH activity.

PMID- 173708
TI  - Spore membrane(s) as the site of damage within heated Clostridium perfringens
      spores.
AB  - Clostridium perfringens spores were injured by ultrahigh-temperature treatment at
      105 C for 5 min. Injury was manifested as an increased sensitivity to polymyxin
      and neomycin. Since many of the survivors could not germinate normally the
      ultrahigh-temperature-treated spores were sensitized to and germinated by
      lysozyme. Polymyxin reportedly acts upon the cell membrane. Neomycin may inhibit
      protein synthesis and has surface-active properties. Injured spores were
      increasingly sensitive to known surface-active agents, sodium lauryl sulfate,
      sodium deoxycholate, and Roccal, a quaternary ammonium compound. Injured spores
      sensitive to polymyxin and neomycin also were osmotically fragile and died during
      outgrowth in a liquid medium unless the medium was supplemented with 20% sucrose,
      10% dextran, or 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone. The results suggested that a spore
      structure destined to become cell membrane or cell wall was the site of injury.
      Repair of injury during outgrowth in the presence of protein, deoxyribonucleic
      acid, ribonucleic acid and cell wall synthesis inhibitors was consistent with
      this hypothesis.

PMID- 173709
TI  - Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein during
      sporulation of Clostridium perfringens.
AB  - The kinetics of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and protein
      synthesis as well as protein breakdown during sporulation by Clostridium
      perfringens were determined. Maximum levels of DNA and net RNA synthesis occurred
      3 and 2 h, respectively, after inoculation of sporulation medium. The rate of RNA
      synthesis decreased as sporulation progressed. Deoxyadenosine increased uptake of
      [14C]uracil and [14C]thymine but depressed the level of sporulation and the
      formation of heat-resistant spores when added at concentrations above 100 mug/ml.
      Unlike Bacillus species, net protein synthesis, which was sensitive to
      chloramphenicol inhibition, continued during sporulation. The rate of protein
      breakdown during vegetative growth was 1%/h. During sporulation this rate
      increased to 4.7%/h. When added to sporulation medium at 0 time chloramphenicol
      reduced protein breakdown to 1%/h. If added at 3 h the rate decreased to 2.1%/h.
      The role of proteases in this process is discussed.

PMID- 173711
TI  - Suppressor-induced structural changes in a missense L-ribulokinase of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - A suppressor mutation specific for a missense codon in the L-ribulokinase
      structural gene of the L-arabinose operon of Escherichia coli B/r enhanced L
      arabinose utilization by the strain containing the missense codon.
      Electrophoretic comparisons of the wild-type, missense, and suppressed missense L
      ribulokinases indicated that the suppressor changed the structure of the missense
      kinase, thereby increasing its catalytic activity. Hyperinducibility imposed on
      an operator-distal gene by the missense codon was not affected by the suppressor
      mutation.

PMID- 173710
TI  - Properties of adenyl cyclase and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate receptor
      protein-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Several spontaneous cya and crp mutants of Escherichia coli have been selected as
      clones simultaneously resistant to phage lambda and nalidixic acid and
      characterized. Both cya and crp mutants have been found to grow as cocci with
      increased doubling times. They have increased resistance to some mutagens
      (methylmethanesulfonate, ultraviolet light, gamma rays), antibiotics (nalidixic
      acid, ampicillin), phages (lambda, T6), sublethal heat and hypotonic shock, and
      decreased resistance to neutral detergents (sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium
      deoxycholate), a protein synthesis inhibitor (streptomycin), and a respiratory
      inhibitor (sodium azide). The nature of changes in cell parameters indicate
      fundamental alterations in the envelope structure of the cya and crp mutant
      cells. The new cya and crp mutants have been found to be multiply carbohydrate
      negative and nonmotile in conformity with similar previously isolated mutants.
      Studies of revertants and phi80 cya+ and phi80 cya transductants indicated that
      the pleiotropic phenotype is related to a single mutational event at the cya or
      the crp locus in the mutants.

PMID- 173712
TI  - Lethal effect of mitomycin C on Haemophilus influenzae.
AB  - The sensitivity of ultraviolet-sensitive strains to inactivation by mitomycin C
      (MC) is at the most only a factor of two greater than that of the wild type. The
      presence of inducible prophage has very little effect on the sensitivity. Genes
      which control excision of ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers also control
      repair of MC-induced cross-links, as measured by resistance of denatured
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from treated cells to S1 nuclease digestion. However,
      endonucleolytic breaks in MC-damaged DNA, as judged by decreased single-strand
      molecular weight upon incubation of treated cells, are independent of these genes
      and probably are caused by monoadducts. After long periods of incubation there is
      a return to the molecular weight of untreated DNA. DNA degradation after MC
      treatment of various strains is not correlated with sensitivity to inactivation.
      Stationary-phase cells of all strains are more than twice as sensitive to MC as
      exponentially growing cells, and the sensitivity difference agrees with the
      measured difference in the number of cross-links after MC treatment of cells in
      the two growth stages. Evidence has been obtained that these phenomena result
      from differences in uptake of MC, which can be influenced by cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate. Small deviations in MC sensitivity from that of the wild type
      observed in mutants lacking the adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent nuclease are
      postulated to result from differences in MC uptake. These mutants, although no
      more ultraviolet sensitive than the wild type, are more sensitive to
      streptomycin, which also must be taken up by the cell to be effective.

PMID- 173714
TI  - Transformation of Escherichia coli by chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid from
      Salmonella typhi.
AB  - The genetic transformation of Escherichia coli K-12 with chromosomal
      deoxyribonucleic acid purified from Salmonella typhi is described.

PMID- 173713
TI  - Galactosaminogalactan from cell walls of Aspergillus niger.
AB  - A new heteropolysaccharide has been isolated by alkaline extraction of hyphal
      walls of Aspergillus niger NRRL 326 grown in surface culture. Its composition by
      weight, as determined by paper and gas chromatography and colorimetric analyses,
      is 70% galactose, 20% galactosamine, 6% glucose, and 1% acetyl. Two independent
      experiments have been used to ascertain copolymer structure: permeation
      chromatography in 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride, with controlled-pore glass
      columns of two fractionation ranges, and nitrous acid deaminative cleavage of
      galactosaminogalactan followed by reduction of fragments with [3H]borohydride and
      gel filtration chromatography. One of the tritiated fragments is tentatively
      identified as the disaccharide derivative galactopyranosyl 2,5-anhydrotalitol, on
      the basis of chromatographic properties and by kinetics of its acid hydrolysis.
      Smith degradation, methylation, deamination, and optical rotation studies
      indicate that the galactosaminogalactan consists of a linear array of
      hexopyranosyl units joined almost exclusively by alpha-(1 leads to 4) linkages.
      Hexosaminyl moieties are distributed randomly along the chains, which have an
      average degree of polymerization of about 100. The possible significance of this
      macromolecule in hyphal structure is considered.

PMID- 173715
TI  - Studies on cytochrome oxidase. Preliminary characterization of an enzyme
      containing only four subunits.
AB  - The preparation of a four-subunit enzyme from yeast, capable of catalyzing the
      oxidation of ferrocytochrome c, is described. It is derived from proteins
      containing seven or five subunits by means of recycling exclusion chromatography
      in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Its catalytic properties are
      similar to those of the parent enzyme. Gel electrophoresis of this preparation in
      the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate reveals three bands, migrating with RF
      values that correspond to molecular weights of 14.6, 12.3, and 10.6 X 10(3), with
      the largest exhibiting an apparent 2:1 stoichiometry relative to the other two.
      Visible spectra in the region of 390 to 630 nm do not show any detectable
      difference from that of the parent cytochrome oxidase, while its heme a and
      copper content are raised to values around 20 nmol or ng atoms/mg of protein,
      respectively, corresponding to minimal molecular weights of 50 X 10(3). The
      molecular weight determined by physical means equals 107 X 10(3). Thus the enzyme
      probably contains two copies of each subunit. After extensive dialysis to remove
      as much as possible of the sodium dodecyl sulfate used in its preparation, this
      enzyme remains in solution in phosphate buffer in the absence of any added
      detergent, while under similar conditions the seven-subunit complex precipitates
      completely. A similar preparation can also be obtained from beef heart. The
      significance of these findings is discussed with respect to the role of the large
      subunits in the function as well as the biogenesis of the mitochondrial
      cytochrome oxidase complex.

PMID- 173716
TI  - Interaction of glucocorticoid receptor-steroid complexes with acceptor sites.
AB  - The binding of the "activated" receptor-glucocorticoid complexes of cultured rat
      hepatoma cells to nuclei, chromatin, and DNA has been studied under cell-free
      conditions. A critical factor in determining the shape of the binding curve is
      shown to be an inhibitory material which is present in crude cytosol and which
      can be removed without destroying the receptor-steroid complex. These and other
      results argue that the apparent saturation observed in earlier experiments may
      have been due to the inhibitors. Thus, the actual number of acceptor sites in
      hepatoma tissue culture cell nuclei is much larger than previously estimated and
      their affinity for the complex is lower. Nuclear binding experiments indicate
      that the inhibitory material interacts with the receptor-steroid complex. The
      inhibitors appear to be macromolecular; but their effects cannot be mimicked by
      albumin or hemoglobin. The acceptor capacity at low ionic strength for binding
      receptor-glucocorticoid complexes increases when proceeding from nuclei to DNA.
      An analysis of the kinetics of association and dissociation and of the relative
      binding behavior of nuclei and DNA argues that the affinity of complex for nuclei
      is much greater than for DNA. DNA-associated histones reduce the amount of
      complex that binds to DNA. These and perhaps other chromosomal proteins may be
      responsible for the ordering of acceptor capacity. Evidence is presented that the
      difference in affinities of nuclear and DNA acceptors could also be due to
      chromosomal proteins. In nuclei, these proteins may thus both reduce the amount
      of complex binding by rendering regions of DNA less accessible and increase the
      binding affinity of some, or all, of those DNA binding sites which remain
      exposed.

PMID- 173717
TI  - Group translocation of the ribose moiety of inosine by vesicles of plasma
      membrane from T(3 cells transformed by Simian virus 40.
AB  - Plasma membrane vesicles are isolated from Simian virus 40-transformed Balb/c
      mouse 3T3 (SV-3T3) cells. These membrane vesicles contain no significant
      contamination by mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, or lysosomes as determined
      by marker enzyme analysis. The use of [U-14C] inosine as a transport substrate
      results in the accumulation of labeled ribose-1P as transport product by the
      plasma membrane vesicles. This suggests the action of purine nucleoside
      phosphorylase (the enzyme which mediates the phosphorolysis of inosine to ribose
      1-P and hypoxanthine0 before, during, or after the transport step. Neither
      inosine nor significant amounts of hypoxanthine are found intravesicularly. The
      Km for inosine, the substrate in this reaction which leads to the accumulation of
      ribose-1-P by the plasma membrane vesicles, is 35 to 45 muM while the Vmax for
      ribose-1-P accumulation is 100 to 120 pmol/min/mg of plasma membrane protein...

PMID- 173718
TI  - Isolation of cyclic deoxyadenosine 3':5'-monophosphate from the culture fluid of
      Corynebacterium murisepticum No. 7.

PMID- 173719
TI  - Effect of L-3,4-dehydroproline on collagen synthesis and prolyl hydroxylase
      activity in mammalian cell cultures.
AB  - The incorporation of DL-3,4-dehydro[14C]proline into collagen and total protein
      of 3T3 cells occurred at approximately one-fifth the rate observed for L
      [14C]proline. Addition of L-3,4-dehydroproline to the culture medium inhibited
      markedly the incorporation of [14C]glycine and L-[3H]lysine into the collagen of
      3T3 cells, but there was only slight inhibition of the incorporation of the
      radiolabeled amino acids into total cellular proteins, indicating that the action
      of L-3,4-dehydroproline is specific for collagen. When 1 mM L-3,4-dehydroproline
      was added to the culture medium the [14C]hydroxyproline content was reduced 40%
      in the cell layer and 70% in the medium. The D isomer of 3,4-dehydroproline did
      not inhibit [14C]hydroxyproline formation. These findings indicate that L-3,4
      dehydroline reduced the hydroxylation of the susceptible prolyl residues in the
      collagen molecule and the secretion of collagen from the cell. The reduction in
      the hydroxyproline content is probably related in part to a reduction in the
      activity of prolyl hydroxylase; when various mammalian cell cultures were exposed
      to 0.2 mM L-3,4-dehydroproline, the specific activity of prolyl hydroxylase was
      reduced markedly, while that of lysyl hydroproline, the specific activity of
      prolyl hydroxylase was reduced markedly, while that of lysyl hydroxylase was not
      affected. Under these conditions, cell growth and lactic dehydrogenase required
      protein synthesis. Removal of L-3,4-dehydroproline from  the growth medium
      resulted in a time-dependent increase in the specific activity of prolyl
      hydroxylase.

PMID- 173720
TI  - Effect of estrogen on gene expression in the chick oviduct. Correlation between
      nuclear-bound estrogen receptor and chromatin initiation site for transcription.
AB  - The [3H]estradiol exchange assay was used to characterize the nuclear estrogen
      receptor from the chick oviduct. After diethylstilibestrol (DES) treatment (14
      days), the oviduct nuclei contained estrogen receptors that manifested high
      affinity (Kd = 2 X 10(-9)M) and low capacity binding (4000 to 5000 sites/cell)
      for estradiol. DES and estradiol competed significantly for [3H]estradiol
      binding, while testosterone and progesterone were ineffective. These binding
      sites were found in the oviduct and liver but not in the spleen, kidney, or
      muscle. Following salt extraction from nuclei, the receptor had a sedimentation
      coefficient of 4 S when analyzed by centrifugation in high and low salt sucrose
      density gradients. The [3H]estradiol exchange assay was used to examine the
      relationships between nuclear-bound receptor and RNA polymerase initiation sites
      on oviduct chromatin. Within 20 min after a single injection of 2.5 mg of DES to
      withdrawn chicks, a maximum number of estradiol receptor-binding sites was
      detected in oviduct nuclei. Within 30 min after DES injection, the total number
      of RNA initiation sites also increased, reaching 100% of control values. Daily
      injections of DES to unstimulated chicks resulted in a gradual increase in the
      nuclear content of estradiol receptor, which reached a maximum at 6 days and
      thereafter declined gradually up to 18 days of hormone treatment. A maximum
      number of initiation sites for RNA synthesis was also attained at 4 to 6 days of
      DES treatment and thereafter declined. When DES was withdrawn after 14 to 18 days
      of hormone stimulation, the numbers of nuclear estradiol receptor sites and
      initiation sites for RNA synthesis both declined gradually, reaching half-maximal
      values in 3 days and approached control values after 7 to 8 days of withdrawal.
      The increase in the concentration of nuclear estradiol receptor sites and the
      number of initiation sites for RNA synthesis also showed a close correlation with
      the dosage of DES administration. Both attained maximum levels at 1.25 mg of DES
      with a half-maximal value of 0.5 mg. The close correlation between the
      concentration of nuclear-bound estradiol receptors and the number of initiation
      sites for RNA synthesis in vivo is at present only a temporal correlation but
      does raise the possibility that gene transcription in chick oviduct may depend
      upon the amount of estradiol receptor bound to the target cell nuclei.

PMID- 173721
TI  - Surface morphology and agglutinability with concanavalin A in normal and
      transformed murine fibroblasts.
AB  - The surface morphology of attached and suspended normal and transformed
      fibroblasts has been studied with the scanning electron microscope. Normal murine
      fibroblasts (3T3) grow in vitro with widely extended leading lamellae. During
      most parts of the cell cycle the surfaces of these cells are practically free of
      microvilli. When the cells round up for mitosis, their cell surfaces become
      adorned with many microvilli. In contrast, simian virus 40-transformed
      fibroblasts (SV3T3) grow more compact, and their cell surfaces remain smooth
      throughout the life cycle. When confluent 3T3 and SV3T3 cells are suspended with
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for agglutination assays, similar
      differences in surface morphology are found: 3T3 cells always bear many
      microvilli, whereas most SV3T3 cells are essentially free of microvilli. The
      addition of concanavalin A (Con A) does not influence the surface morphology of
      the suspended cells. The morphological differences described here may be
      important for the agglutination process of the normal and transformed 3T3 cells,
      because they affect the real cell surface area and thus the density of Con A
      binding sites.

PMID- 173722
TI  - Characterization of nuclear membranes and endoplasmic reticulum isolated from
      plant tissue.
AB  - Nuclei, nuclear membranes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) were isolated
      from onion root tips and stems. Structural preservation and purity of the
      fractions was determined by electron microscopic and biochemical methods. Gross
      compositional data (protein, phospholipid, nonpolar lipids, sterols, RNA, DNA),
      phospholipid and fatty acid patterns, enzyme activities (ATPases, ADPase, IDPase,
      glucose-6-phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, and NADH- and NADPH
      cytochrome C reductases), and cytochrome contents were determined. A stable, high
      salt-resistant attachment of some DNA with the nuclear membrane was observed as
      well as the association of some RNA with high salt-treated nuclear and rER
      membranes. The phospholipid pattern was identical for both nuclear and rER
      membranes and showed a predominance of lecithin (about 60%) and phosphatidyl
      ethanolamine (20-24%). Special care was necessary to minimize lipid degradation
      by phospholipases during isolations. Nonpolar lipids, mostly sterols and
      triglycerides, accounted for 35-45% of the membrane lipids. Sterol contents were
      relatively high in both membrane fractions (molar ratios of sterols to
      phospholipids ranged from 0.12 to 0.43). Sitosterol accounted for about 80% of
      the total sterols. Palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were the most prevalent
      acids in membrane-bound lipids as well as in storage lipids and occurred in
      similar proportions in phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids of the
      membrane. About 80% of the fatty acids in membrane phospholipids and
      triglycerides were unsaturated. A cytochrome of the b5 type was characterized in
      these membranes, but P-450-like cytochromes could not be detected. Both NADH and
      NADPH-cytochrome c reductases were found in nuclear and rER membranes and
      appeared to be enriched in rER membranes. Among the phosphatases, Mg2+-ATPase
      and, to lesser extents, ADPase, IDPase and acid phosphatase activities occurred
      in the fractions, but significant amounts of monovalent ion-stimulated ATPase, 5'
      nucleotidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities did not. The results obtained
      emphasize that the close biochemical similarities noted between rER and nuclear
      membranes of animal cells extend to these fractions from plant cells.

PMID- 173723
TI  - Lanthanum: inhibition of ACTH-stimulated cyclic AMP and corticosterone synthesis
      in isolated rat adrenocortical cells.
AB  - Lanthanum (La+++) is a well-known Ca++ antagonist in a number of biological
      systems. It was used in the present study to examine the role of Ca++ in the
      regulation of adenyl cyclase of the adrenal cortex by ACTH. In micromolar
      concentrations, .La+++ inhibited both cyclic AMP and corticosterone response of
      isolated adrenal cortex cells to ACTH. However, a number of intracellular
      processes were not affected by La+++. These include the stimulation of
      steroidogenesis by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, conversion of several steroid precursors
      into corticosterone, and stimulation of the latter by glucose. Thus, inhibition
      of steroidogenesis by La+++ appears to be solely due to an inhibition of ACTH
      stimulated cyclic AMP formation. Electron microscope examination showed that
      La+++ was localized on plasma membrane of the cells and did not appear to
      penetrate beyond this region. Since La+++ is believed to replace Ca++ at
      superficial binding sites on the cell membrane, it is proposed that Ca++ at these
      sites plays an important role in the regulation of adenyl cyclase by ACTH.
      Similarities in the role of Ca++ in "excitation-contraction" coupling and in the
      ACTH-adenyl cyclase system raise the possibility that a contractile protein may
      be involved in the regulation of adenyl cyclase by those hormones which are known
      to require Ca++ in the process.

PMID- 173725
TI  - Rapid breakdown of diphosphoinositide and triphosphoinositide in erythrocyte
      membranes.
AB  - Incubation of rabbit erythrocytes with 32Pi resulted in labeling of membrane
      diphosphoinositide, triphosphoinositide, and phosphatidic acid. Hypotonic lysis
      at 37 degress C resulted in an extremely rapid breakdown of the labeled
      polyphosphoinositides. This breakdown could be retarded by lysis in the presence
      of EDTA and by lowering the temperature to 0 degrees thus allowing preparation of
      membranes with minimum breakdown of the labeled lipids. Rapid breakdown of di-
      and triphosphoinositide in isolated membranes could be initiated by Ca++ or to a
      lesser extent by Mg++ and prevented by detergents and by heating to 75 degrees C.
      Assay of radiolabeled lipid was carried out by a method which bypassed prior
      lipid extraction and which enabled sequential sampling of reactions at 10-second
      intervals. This method was more convenient than standard procedures and gave
      yields of di- and triphosphoinositide equivalent to that obtained by the method
      of Folch.

PMID- 173726
TI  - Light-microscopic observations of individual microtubules reconstituted from
      brain tubulin.
AB  - The course of polymerization of individual brain microtubules could be observed
      with a light microscope employing dark-field illumination. Statistical analysis
      of the increase in microtubule length during the polymerization was in accordance
      with the time course of viscosity change of the tubulin solution. After a plateau
      level in viscosity was attained, there was no significant change in histograms
      showing length distribution. These observations were confirmed with fixed and
      stained microtubules, using a phase-contrast microscope. Observations with dark
      field illumination revealed that reconstituted microtubules depolymerized and
      disappeared immediately upon exposure to buffer containing CaCl2 or sulphydryl
      reagents such as p-chloromercuriphenyl sulphonic acid (PCMPS) and p
      chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB). They were also cold-labile. The growth of
      heterogeneous microtubules which were assembled by mixing purified tubulin dimers
      with ciliary outer fibres could also be followed with these optical systems.

PMID- 173724
TI  - Morphological changes in the neuritic growth cone and target neuron during
      synaptic junction development in culture.
AB  - Our object was to characterize the morphological changes occurring in pre- and
      postsynaptic elements during their initial contact and subsequent maturation into
      typical synaptic profiles. Neurons from superior cervical ganglia (SCG) of
      perinatal rats were freed of their supporting cells and established as isolated
      cells in culture. To these were added explants of embryonic rat thoracic spinal
      cord to allow interaction between outgrowing cord neurites and the isolated
      autonomic neurons. Time of initial contact was assessed by light microscopy; at
      timed intervals thereafter, cultures were fixed for electron microscopy. Upon
      contact, growth cone filopodia became extensively applied to the SCG neuronal
      plasmalemma and manifested numerous punctate regions in which the apposing plasma
      membranes were separated by only 7-10 nm. The Golgi apparatus of the target
      neuron hypertrophied, and its production of coated vesicles increased. Similar
      vesicles were seen in continuity with the SCG plasmalemma near the close contact
      site; their apparent contribution of a region of postsynaptic membrane with
      undercoating was considered to be the first definitive sign of synapse formation.
      Tracer work with peroxidase and ferritin confirmed that the traffic of coated
      vesicles within the neuronal soma is largely from Golgi region to somal surface.
      Subsequent to the appearance of postsynaptic density, the form and content of the
      growth cone was altered by the loss of filopodia and the appearance of synaptic
      vesicles which gradually became clustered opposite the postsynaptic density. As
      the synapse matured, synaptic vesicles increased in number, cleft width and
      content increased, presynaptic density appeared, branched membranous reticulum
      became greatly diminished, and most lysosomal structures disappeared. Coated
      vesicles continued to be associated with the postsynaptic membrane at all stages
      of maturation. The incorporation of Golgi-derived vesicles into discrete regions
      of the cell membrane could provide the mechanism for confining specific
      characteristics of the neuronal membrane to the synaptic region.

PMID- 173728
TI  - [Determination of vitamin D3 and its isomers in D3 resins and in mixtures with
      vitamin A acetate (author's transl)].
AB  - Vitamin D3 and its isomers, prepared from 7-dehydrocholesterol by photochemical
      reaction, can be separated and quantitatively determined by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography on aluminium oxide using chloroform as the eluting agent. The
      determination of small amounts of vitamin D3 in an excess of vitamin A acetate
      can be achieved by the same method.

PMID- 173727
TI  - Trypsinized BHK21 cells aggregate in the presence of metabolic inhibitors and in
      the absence of divalent cations.
AB  - The rapid formation of adhesions in suspension by lightly trypsinized BHK21 cells
      is not dependent on protein synthesis, and only in part on cellular metabolism,
      although it is completely inhibited by heat- and aldehyde-fixation of the cells.
      A requirement for protein synthesis becomes evident only if cells are exposed to
      high levels of trypsin for long periods. Formation of adhesions does not require
      addition to the medium of divalent cations, although it is increased by divalent
      manganese and cobalt ions. It is promoted by cytochalasin B and by cyclic AMP and
      is not inhibited by p-mercuriphenylsulphonate. We discuss a possible relationship
      between aggregation and the formation of gap junctions.

PMID- 173729
TI  - Specific thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of theophylline
      in plasma in the presence of some other drugs.
AB  - A simple spectrodensitometric method for the direct determination of theophylline
      was developed from measurement of the absorbance of the compound on silica gel
      layers irradiated at 275 nm. Auantities as low as 0.010 mug can be detected and a
      linear relationship was obtained between peak area and the amount of the drug in
      the spots from 0.025-0.200 mug. The recovery over the usual range of plasma
      concentration (2.5-20 mug/ml) was 95-107%. The method is sufficiently sensitive
      and specific for clinical purposes and the time for the assay is about 2 h.
      Caffeine, frequently present in human plasma, was well separated from
      theophylline at all concentration levels as were several other drugs commonly
      used in respiratory problems.

PMID- 173730
TI  - The separation by thin-layer chromatography of trace metals as their
      tetraphenylporphyrin chelates.
AB  - The tetraphenylporphyrin chelates of iron, cobalt, manganese, nickel, zinc,
      copper, rhodium lead, cadmium and mercury were prepared and their chromatographic
      behaviour investigated using four different adsorbents and eleven different
      solvent systems. Mixtures of lead, cadmium and mercury chelates exhibited
      isographic behaviour in all conditions; mixtures of the other metal chelates were
      adequately resolved on silica (MN Polygram Sil SHR) by the solvent system light
      petroleum (b.p. 80-100 degrees)-toluene-acetic acid-water (66:33:85:15, v/v,
      upper phase). The intense colours of the chelates permit their visual detection
      at levels of about 10(-10) moles; using the integrated ion-current mass
      spectrometric procedure, as little as 10(-14) moles of metal could be detected
      and assessed.

PMID- 173731
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of apomorphine and its analogs.

PMID- 173732
TI  - Separation of C27, C28 and C29 sterols by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography on small particles.
AB  - The application of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to the
      analytical- and preparative-scale separation of sterols has been evaluated. The
      capacity factors, k', for a number of compounds chromatographed on a muBondapak
      C18 (LESS THAN 10 MUM) COLUMN ARE PRESENTED. C27, C28 and C29 sterols and also
      sterols differing in degree of unsaturation could be readily separated as their
      acetates in this system. The present reversed-phase chromatographic method is
      apparently not as selective as silver nitrate-silica gel thin-layer
      chromatography for the position of unsaturation in the sterol molecule.

PMID- 173734
TI  - Separation of purine 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides and nucleosides by thin-layer
      chromatography on PEI cellulose.

PMID- 173733
TI  - High-speed liquid chromatography of polychlorinated biphenyls and related
      compounds.
AB  - High-speed liquid chromatography in the system silica gel-dry n-hexane has been
      used to characterize the behaviour of a series of commercially available mixtures
      of chlorinated biphenyls, viz., Aroclor 1221-1268. An attempt has been made to
      assign a large number of peaks in the chromatograms of the Aroclors to the
      individual constituents. To this end, retention times and UV spectra were
      recorded for 47 polychlorinated biphenyls. The dependence of retention and
      spectral characteristics on the chlorine content of the substituted biphenyls is
      discussed

PMID- 173735
TI  - Plasma levels of beta-MSH and ACTH during acute stresses and metyrapone
      administration in man.
AB  - Simultaneous measurements of both beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta-MSH)
      and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in extracted plasma were performed by
      specific radioimmunoassays. During insulin-induced hypoglycemia, there was a
      marked increase of plasma ACTH levels and a slight but significant increase of
      plasma beta-MSH levels. Lysine-vasopressin on the other hand, caused a
      significant rise of plasma ACTH levels without corresponding response of plasma
      beta-MSH. Following glucagon administration, neither hormone rose significantly.
      However, metyrapone infusion caused a significant increase of both ACTH and beta
      MSH levels, and frequent blood sampling revealed that both hormones were secreted
      episodically, and that peaks generally coincided with each other. These data
      suggest that the secretion of these two hormones can occur together in most
      instances, and that the same mechanism is involved in the secretion of both
      hormones under the negative feedback control.

PMID- 173736
TI  - Calcium and folic acid absorption in patients taking anticonvulsant drugs.
AB  - Calcium and folic acid absorption were studied in 28 adult male epileptics on
      chronic anticonvulsant therapy. In 16 patients on diphenylhydantoin alone,
      calcium absorption was abnormal in 9. In 12 patients on both diphenylhydantoin
      and phenobarbital, calcium absorption was abnormal in 3 patients. Folic acid (3H
      PGA) absorption was normal in all but one patient, while serum folate (less than
      6.4 ng/ml) was reduced in all patients. Hypocalcemia (less than 8.5 mg/100 ml)
      occurred in only 2 patients, while serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 7
      patients. These findings support the proposal that rickets and osteomalacia
      reported in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy results from reduced
      calcium absorption. The effect of these drugs appears to be the acceleration of
      the metabolism of vitamin D and an increase in the excretion of polar
      metabolites. This may result in reduced levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and
      1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol which are necessary for normal absorption of
      calcium. Since calcium absorption may be impaired secondary to a relative vitamin
      D deficiency, a supplemental increase in vitamin D intake by patients on
      anticonvulsant drugs is recommended.

PMID- 173737
TI  - Sensitivity of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus to ether.
AB  - The sensitivity of 12 field isolates of infectious boviine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
      virus and four commercial modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
      vaccine strains was determined after exposure to 20% ethyl ether (anesthetic) for
      16 h at 4 c. The infectivity of five field strains was reduced by varying
      degrees, whereas seven were found to be resistant. Three vaccine strains were
      moderately sensitive, and one strain was resistant. Four of the sensitive field
      strains were isolated from the conjunctiva and the other was isolated from the
      surface of the epiglottis of natural infective cattle. Strains of virus isolated
      from fetal tissue and nasal cavity were resistant. All viruses were readily
      inactivated by chloroform treatment.

PMID- 173738
TI  - Epidemiologic study of a leukocyte-transforming agent in a general population.
AB  - Studies by others have demonstrated a leukocyte-transforming agent(s) (LTA) in
      the oropharyngeal secretions of a significant number of individuals with Epstein
      Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis, cancer, and, to a lesser extent,
      an outpatient population. This present study determines by systematic sampling
      the prevalence of LTA in 27 families of a semirural community. Throat swab
      inoculums from three of 54 adults and none of 44 children induced transformation
      of umbilical cord lymphocytes. Complement-dependent Epstein-Barr virus nuclear
      antigen was detected in two of the three transformed cell cultures. The three LTA
      positive individuals were characterized by the absence of serologic evidence of a
      recent Epstein-Barr virus infection and the lack of elevated antibodies against
      the viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus.

PMID- 173740
TI  - Hormone-sensitive fat cell adenylate cyclase in the rat. Influences of growth,
      cell size, and aging.
AB  - The possibility has been explored that decreases of adenylate cyclase may explain
      diminished hormone sensitivity of adipose tissue with aging. Isolated cells were
      prepared from epididymal fat pads of rats 1-, 2-, 6-, 12-, and 24-mo old, fixed
      in OSO4, and sized and counted with a Coulter apparatus. Adenylate cyclase was
      assayed in cell membranes (ghosts) using [alpha-32P] ATP as substrate and
      expressed as cyclic [32P] AMP/10 min per mg protein or per 10(6) cells. Enzyme
      activity was determined for the basal state and in the presence of varying
      concentrations of glucagon, ACTH, epinephrine, and fluoride. Basal activity per
      cell increased in threefold between 1 and 2 mo with a comparable increase in cell
      surface area, suggesting synthesis of enzyme along with new cell membrane.
      Although epinephrine stimulated adenylate cyclase 8-fold and fluoride 12-fold
      throughout the life-span of the rat, stimulated activity paralleled basal levels,
      decreasing 60% between 2 and 24 mo per mg protein and 40% between 6 and 24 mo per
      cell. Glucagon stimulated adenylate cyclase 4.5-fold relative to basal in the 1
      mo-old rat, but its effect then rapidly decreased and was absent by 12 mo. The
      fourfold stimulation by ACTH noted in the 1-mo-old animals decreased gradually
      with age but was still twice basal at 24 mo. Since no significant change of cell
      size occurred after 6 mo, diminished hormone sensitivity with senescence cannot
      be related to cell size. Similar age-related patterns of hormonal activation were
      evoked by 5'-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate [GMP-P(NH)P], a nucleotide analogue which
      increased both basal- and hormone-activated enzyme at all ages studied. Dose
      response curves to hormones, fluoride, and GMP-P (NH)P were not affected by age.
      High Mg++ (50 mM) in the presence of GMP-P-(NH)P stimulated adenylate cyclase to
      levels greater than with fluoride, but a similar loss of activity with aging was
      still observed. Loss of hormone receptors may partially explain the age-related
      decreases of glucagon and ACTH-sensitive adenylate cyclase, but decreased basal-,
      epinephrine-, fluoride-, and GMP-P-(NH) P-stimulated responses suggest loss of
      the catalytic component of the adenylate cyclase enzyme complex in the aging fat
      cell membranes.

PMID- 173739
TI  - Intrinsic mineralocorticoid agonist activity of some nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs. A postulated mechanism for sodium retention.
AB  - Because some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) induce salt and water
      retention and exhibit other steroid-like actions, studies were performed to
      ascertain whether these drugs possess intrinsic mineralocorticoid agonist
      activity. In vitro competitive binding assays utilizing tissue from
      adrenalectomized rats demonstrated that some NSAID can displace [3H]-aldosterone
      from renal cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptors. Displacement potency for
      these sites was in the sequence: aldosterone greater than spironolactone greater
      than phenylbutazone (PBZ) greater than aspirin (ASA) greater than indomethacin
      (IDM). Concentration ratios required to obtain significant displacement of
      [3H]aldosterone were high but clearly within the therapeutic range for PBZ and
      ASA but not IDM. The analogues oxyphenbutazone (OBZ) and sodium salicylate (SS)
      were similar in binding activity to PBZ and ASA, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk
      analysis revealed that the inhibition of [3H]aldosterone binding was competitive
      in nature. In addition, PBZ was shown to prevent the nuclear binding of
      [3H]aldosterone. In vivo injection of PBZ and ASA resulted in competition for
      [3H]aldosterone renal binding comparable to the in vitro studies. Administration
      of PBZ and OBZ to adrenalectomized rats resulted in significant salt retention
      whereas ASA and SS did not differ significantly from controls. Salt retention
      elicited by PBZ and OBZ was inhibited by spironolactone, a competitive
      mineralocorticoid antagonist. These data suggest that, despite nonsteroidal
      structures, PBZ and OBZ induce salt retention via a receptor-mediated
      mineralocorticoid pathway analogous to aldosterone action.

PMID- 173742
TI  - Potentiation of erythropoiesis in vitro by dexamethasone.
AB  - The effect of dexamethasone on erythropoiesis was examined in vitro.
      Hematopoietic cells from 13-day mouse fetal livers were cultured for 48 h in the
      presence or absence of erythropoietin and erythroid colonies enumerated. Colony
      formation occurring in cultures containing no added erythropoietin was inhibited
      by the incorporation of antierythropoietin antibody, suggesting that these
      colonies formed in response to endogenous hepatic erythropoietin. Maximal colony
      formation was observed with 0.5 U/ml of sheep erythropoietin. Dexamethasone
      increased erythroid colony formation with peak stimulation at 10(-9) M.
      Dexamethasone potentiation was most marked in cultures containing less than
      maximally stimulating concentrations of erythropoietin. The cells required only a
      brief exposure to glucocorticosteroid to exhibit the augmented cloning capacity,
      and dexamethasone stimulation was inhibited by progesterone (10(-6) M). A
      comparable response to dexamethasone was observed in cultures of adult murine and
      human bone marrow erythroid progenitors, implying that the phenomenon is not
      peculiar to fetal cells and is not dependent on the presence of fetal
      hepatocytes. These data suggest that erythroid progenitor cells possess a
      glucocorticoid receptor mechanism that can modulate the response to
      erythropoietin in vitro.

PMID- 173741
TI  - Biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin in newborn rat pancreas. Interaction of
      glucose, cyclic AMP, somatostatin, and sulfonylureas on the (3H) leucine
      incorporation into immunoreactive insulin.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the regulation of insulin
      biosynthesis during the perinatal period. The incorporation of [3H]leucine into
      total immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and into IRI fractions was measured by a
      specific immunoprecipitation procedure after incubation, extraction, and gel
      filtration in isolated 3-day-old rat pancreases without prior isolation of
      islets. IRI fractions were identified by their elution profile, their
      immunological properties, and their ability to compete with the binding of 125 I
      insulin in rat liver plasma membranes. No specific incorporation of [3H]leucine
      was found in the IRI eluted in the void volume, making it unlikely that this
      fraction behaves as a precursor of (pro) insulin in this system. In all
      conditions tested, the incorporation of [3H]leucine was linearly correlated with
      time. Optimal concentration of glucose (11 mM) activated six- to sevenfold the
      [3H]leucine incorporation into IRI. Theophylline or N6O2-dibutyryl- (db) cAMP at
      1.6 mM glucose significantly increased the [3H]leucine incorporation. Glucose at
      16.7 mM further enhanced the effect of both drugs. Contrarily, somatostatin (1-10
      mug/ml) inhibits the rate of [3H]leucine incorporation into IRI in the presence
      of 11 mM glucose; this effect was observed at 5.5 mM glucose and was not modified
      by any further increase in glucose concentrations up to 27.5 mM. Theophylline or
      dbcAMP at 10 mM concentration did not reverse the somatostatin inhibitory effect
      on either insulin biosynthesis or release. Somatostatin also inhibited both
      processes in isolated islets from the 3-day-old rat pancreas. High Ca++
      concentration in the incubation medium reversed the inhibitory effect of
      somatostatin on glucose-induced insulin biosynthesis as well as release. In both
      systems the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on insulin biosynthesis and release
      correlated well. Glipizide (10-100 muM) AND TOLBUTAMIDE (400 MUM) inhibited the
      stimulatory effect of glucose, dbcAMP, and theophylline on [3H]leucine
      incorporation into IRI. The concentrations of glipizide that were effective in
      inhibiting [3H]leucine incorporation into IRI were smaller than those required to
      inhibit the phosphodiesterase activity in isolated islets of 3-day-old rat
      pancreas. These data suggest the following conclusions: (a) the role of the cAMP
      phosphodiesterase system on insulin biosynthesis is likely to be greater in
      newborns than in adults; (b) the greater effectiveness of glucose and the cAMP
      system on insulin biosynthesis than on insulin release might possibly be related
      to the rapid accumulation of pancreatic IRI which is observed in the perinatal
      period; (c) somatostatin, by direct interaction with the endocrine tissue, can
      inhibit glucose and cAMP-induced insulin biosynthesis as well as release; calcium
      reverses this inhibition; (d) sulfonylureas inhibit insulin biosynthesis in
      newborn rat pancreas an effect which has to be considered in the use of these
      agents in human disease.

PMID- 173744
TI  - Abnormal properties of collagen lysyl hydroxylase from skin fibroblasts of
      siblings with hydroxylysine-deficient collagen.
AB  - Skin fibroblasts from two siblings with hydroxylysine-deficient collagen collagen
      (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, type VI) contained normal levels of collagen prolyl
      hydroxylase activity but were markedly deficient in collagen lysyl hydroxylase
      activity. The deficiency was evident in all fractions of cell lysates, in low and
      high ionic strength buffers, and in detergent. Assays of mixtures of wild-type
      and mutant cell lysates indicated no activation of mutant enzyme by factors in
      wild-type cells or inhibition of normal enzyme by material in mutant cells. Wild
      type or mutant cells cultured with ascorbic acid (50 mug/ml of culture medium,
      added daily) contained approximately the same level of lysyl hydroxylase activity
      as cells cultured without ascorbate, but prolyl hydroxylase activity without
      ascorbate was depressed in both an average of 41%. The mutant lysyl hydroxylase
      was less stable at 37 degrees C than the wild type and did not form high
      molecular weight aggregates in low ionic strength buffers, as did the control
      enzyme. The activity of the mutant enzyme was maximally stimulated after dialysis
      against buffer solutions containing 10 mM dithiothreitol. When  assayed in 100
      muM dithiothreitol, the mutant enzyme exhibited a higher apparent Km for
      ascorbate (20 muM) than the wild type (4 muM). In 1.0 mM dithiothreitol the
      mutant enzyme's apparent Km for ascorbate was reduced to 5 muM. Wild type and
      mutant enzymes had the same apparent Km for alpha-keto-glutarate (20 muM). The
      properties of prolyl hydroxylase in wild type and mutant cells were identical:
      apparent Km's for ascorbate and alpha-ketoglutarate were 100 muM and 20 muM,
      respectively. If mutant enzyme protein with altered kinetic properties is the
      only enzyme functioning to hydroxylate lysyl residues in collagen, the variations
      in hydroxylysine content observed in collagen from different tissues in the
      subjects reported here could be in part due to differences in cofactor
      concentrations and in rate and sequence of events in collagen synthesis in
      different tissues.

PMID- 173743
TI  - Metabolism and biological activity of parathyroid hormone in renal cortical
      membranes.
AB  - Recent studies from several laboratories have documented the presence of
      fragments of parathyroid hormone in blood or peripheral tissues or in both.
      Inasmuch as amino-terminal fragments are known to be biologically active, it has
      been suggested that fragments, rather than the intact polypeptide of 84 amino
      acids, might be the active molecular species in tissue fluids. Accordingly, the
      metabolism of native bovine parathyroid hormone, bPTH-(1-84), was studied in
      purified renal cortical membranes from several species and correlated with
      hormonal stimulation of adenylyl cyclase in these membranes in vitro. Analysis of
      whole incubation mixtures or membrane-bound hormone by gel electrophoresis and
      gel chromatography after incubation of [3H]bPTH-(1-84) or 125-I-labeled bPTH-(1
      84) or unlabeled biologically active bPTH-(1-84) with purified canine renal
      cortical membranes revealed no evidence of proteolysis, and yet the uncleaved
      hormone readily stimulated adenylyl cyclase. Kinetic studies of hormone
      stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity revealed no difference in rate of onset of
      activity between bPTH-(1-84) And the active synthetic amino-terminal
      tetratriacontapeptide bPTH-(1-34), and hence there was no evidence of precursor
      product relationship between the native hormone and an active amino-terminal
      fragment. The results suggest, insofar as the activity detected in these
      membranes reflects the biological response of the hormone in vivo, that the
      native hormone is indeed biologically active at the receptor level directly
      without the requirement for cleavage into active fragments.

PMID- 173745
TI  - Development and evaluation of porous dental implants in miniature swine.
AB  - Organized bone ingrowth in endosteal porous implants fabricated from VMC titanium
      alloy and surgically implanted with a tight interference fit, securely anchored
      the implants in fresh and healed mandibular premolar sites of miniature swine.
      This bone-implant union retained its integrity under high as well as slight
      masticatory stresses up to one-year after implantation. Bone invasion of the
      alumina porcelain implants was impeded by the lack of adequate interconnecting
      porosity; when the porosity was increased, insufficient ceramic strength
      prohibited a tight initial bone-implant fit. As a consequence, inadequate initial
      implant stability resulted in a soft tissue encapsulation of the majority of the
      ceramic implants. Histological examination and mechanical testing results were
      similar for bone-ingrown implants exposed to different experimental stresses for
      4, 5, 8, and 12 months. Bone ingrowth and interface shear strengths were also
      similar in the different VMC pore sizes and shapes investigated. The design of
      intraoral attachments appeared critical, at least in swine where no postoperative
      treatment was administered. Gingival inflammation and alveolar bone resorption
      caused by calculus were severe around truncated cone-shaped devices. Slender
      transgingival posts, occlusal caps, and crown restorations were less susceptible
      to calculus accumulation, resulting in a more satisfactory gingival and
      subgingival response. Excessive epithelial invagination was a problem only in
      implants with transgingival truncated cones. Good adherence of soft tissue to
      metal under the gingival mucosa prevented epithelial migration around implants
      with other transgingival devices. Alveolar bone resportion around the tops of
      bone-ingrown implants was minimal at the time intervals examined (up to one
      year); however, a definite conclusion should be delayed until longer-term
      implants under full occlusion are evaluated.

PMID- 173746
TI  - [Critical oxygen concentration for microorganisms and its changes depending on
      the nature of the oxidative metabolism].

PMID- 173747
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the hypophyseal adenocytes].

PMID- 173748
TI  - Dreams in patients remitted from reactive depression.

PMID- 173749
TI  - Origin, diagnosis, and treatment of the dental manifestations of vitamin D
      resistant rickets: review of the literature and report of case.
AB  - Previous discussions center on early diagnosis, initial treatment, and follow-up
      therapy for the patient with vitamin D-resistant rickets. Both the medical and
      dental aspects of treatment for these patients has a long-range effect on the
      normal developmental patterns. Although treatment is begun at an early age, some
      rachitic skeletal effects such as minor bowing of the legs and bossing of the
      skull will invariably be noticed. In patients with controlled rickets the
      alveolar processes undergo normal development, with apparent normal dental
      eruption. The poor development and calcification of the alveolus seen in the
      untreated patient leads to loss of the lamina dura and periodontal ligament of
      the teeth. Patients with resistant rickets possess a functional dentition,
      although not without inherent defects. Various degrees of fracture and attrition
      of enamel can be seen, and hypoplasia of dentin is nearly a universal result.
      Defects extending to the dentinoenamel junction have been shown in repeated
      cases. Cementum, because of its close relationship with dentin calcification,
      also appears abnormal. Pulp tissue may undergo abberations of physiology in
      resistant rickets, although further work in this respect is needed. With respect
      to the possible dental pathoses seen in this disease, the dental history of the
      patient with resistant rickets discussed in this report showed that several of
      the deciduous teeth, possibly the mandibular left second premolar and right first
      molar, and definitely the maxillary right second premolar and canine and the
      mandibular left canine had all undergone pulpal degeneration of apparently
      unknown causation. In the maxillary right second premolar and the mandibular left
      canine, enamel fractures were clinically and radiographically apparent. However,
      the maxillary right canine originally had an acute abscess with no defects other
      than normal, minimal wear facets. No causative factor for its necrosis could be
      found. Overt enamel fractures in the maxillary right second premolar and the
      mandibular left canine may have led to microexposures of the pulp with subsequent
      bacterial pulpal contamination. Suppuration present in several of the pulps when
      first entered during endodontic treatment, as well as chronic fistulas in several
      areas, support the conclusion that contamination by some means does indeed occur.

PMID- 173751
TI  - Magnetic circular dichroism studies of myoglobin complexes. Correlations with
      heme spin state and axial ligation.

PMID- 173750
TI  - An action of disodium cromoglycate: inhibition of cyclic 3',5'-AMP
      phosphodiesterase.
AB  - Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) prevents allergic asthma by inhibiting the release
      of chemical mediators of immediate-type allergic reactions. The mechanism of this
      action is unclear and prompted us to examine the effect of DSCG on cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), the implicated regulator of IgE-mediated
      reactions. We used the peripheral blood lymphocyte as a model to mirror the
      biochemical events occurring in the allergic shock organs. Isolated peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from perennial allergic asthmatic children receiving only DSCG
      had significantly (p less than 0.005) lower phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity
      (mean 1.05 +/- 0.17 SE per 10(6) cells) than normal individuals (2.93 +/- 0.14)
      and allergic children receiving methylxanthines (4.08 +/- 0.28) or no medications
      (3.58 +/- 0.2). DSCG (10 mug/ml) significantly lowered PDE activity in normal
      lymphocytes (p less than 0.005) in a beef heart extract (p less than 0.001), and
      100 mug/ml lowered PDE activity in fetal rabbit lung homogenates (p less than
      0.001). DSCG (10 mug/ml) significantly elevated (p less than 0.01) cAMP
      concentration in normal human lymphocytes (118 +/- 38 vs 30 +/- 10 picomoles
      cAMP/10(6) lymphocytes). Thus, DSCG appears to inhibit chemical mediator release
      by increasing intracellular cAMP through the inhibition of cAMP PDE.

PMID- 173752
TI  - Update in sexually transmitted diseases.

PMID- 173753
TI  - Medical notes on the life of George Washington.

PMID- 173754
TI  - The behaviour of porcine cytomegalovirus in commercial pig herds.
AB  - A longitudinal, virological and serological study of pigs in two herds with
      respiratory disease showed that infection by porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) was
      universal in both. Virus excretion usually began when piglets were between 3 and
      6 weeks of age and reached a maximum between 5 and 8 weeks; it was usually no
      longer detectable at 11-12 weeks. Antibody demonstrable in indirect
      immunofluorescence (IIF) tests was present to moderate or high titre in all
      piglets at 2-3 weeks. This was presumed to be maternal in origin as it declined
      in titre between 2-3 and 5-6 weeks. After this fall the majority of piglets
      showed seroconversion as a result of virus infection. One group of 12 pigs in
      which infection occurred earlier than usual  showed a very poor antibody
      response, which, nevertheless, persisted through to week 27. The findings are
      discussed with relation to porcine atrophic rhinitis and cytomegalovirus
      infection in other species.

PMID- 173755
TI  - Rhinoviruses in Britain 1963-1973.
AB  - The serological examination of over 900 rhinovirus strains isolated in Britain
      over a 10-year period has demonstrated a wide variety of different serotypes.
      Their seasonal and temporal distribution are described and discussed.

PMID- 173756
TI  - Enhancement of reaginic and hemagglutinating antibody production by an extract of
      Bordetella pertussis containing histamine sensitizing factor.
AB  - The effect of an extract containing the histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) of
      Bordetella pertussis on the immune response of mice to ovalbumin was investigated
      with respect to dose of antigen and adjuvant. Of particular interest was the
      enhancement of reaginic antibody production. In comparison to the Al(OH)3 induced
      production of reaginic antibody where low doses of antigen and adjuvant yield
      high titers of reagin, the HSF extract demonstrated optimal adjuvant activity at
      high doses of both adjuvant and antigen. The reaginic antibody response was
      maximal usually by 2 to 3 weeks post-immunization and persisted for long periods
      of time. The hemagglutinating antibody response was maximal at 8 to 10 weeks post
      immunization. The initial treatment of mice with HSF extract plus antigen
      resulted in the production of memory cells since a subsequent immunization with
      ovalbumin alone evoked a secondary reaginic response. These observations may have
      implications in clinical allergy since substances similar to the pertussis factor
      might be produced by other microbial organisms and these substances could
      modulate the immunologic response of individuals to common allergens.

PMID- 173757
TI  - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to target cells infected with type
      1 and type 2 herpes simplex virus.
AB  - The phenomenon of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytoxicity (ADCC) has been
      extended to include target cells acutely infected with herpes simplex type 1
      virus (HSV-1) or herpes simplex type 2 virus (HSV-2) in an in vitro system that
      employs immune human serum and human blood mononuclear cells. The cytotoxic
      reaction was detectable after 1 hr of incubation and was complete between 4 and 8
      hr. The amount of ADCC noted was directly proportional to the logarithm(10) of
      the effector: target cell ratio (E:T), and ADCC was noted at E:T as low as 1:1.
      The mononuclear effector cell was present in the blood of both HSV immune and non
      immune individuals. The immune serum factor was demonstrated to be an antibody
      with specificity for HSV membrane antigen(s) and was reactive with target cells
      infected with either of the two HSV types. The antibody rendered the mononuclear
      cell cytotoxic by sensitization of the target cell rather than by direct
      attachment to or "arming" of the mononuclear cell. The physiochemical properties
      of the antibody as well as its presence in cord blood demonstrated that it is an
      immunoglobulin on the IgG class.

PMID- 173758
TI  - Mechanism of immunologic resistance to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection.
AB  - Susceptibility of adult mice to i.p. infection with HSV-1 was greatly increased
      by administration of a single dose of cyclophosphamide. Mortality of
      cyclophosphamide-treated virus-infected mice was associated with increased virus
      replication and pathologic changes in brain and liver. The development of a fatal
      infection in immunosuppressed mice could be curtailed after transfer of
      specifically immune spleen cells. Passively transferred antibody had no such
      effect. Protective activity of spleen cells was significantly reduced after
      pretreatment with anti-theta serum. Significant protection was also achieved when
      normal spleen cells plus immune serum were administered simultaneously. Our
      results indicate that protection against this virus infection is predominantly T
      cell dependent, and suggests that antibody-dependent cell-mediated protection may
      also be operative in vivo.

PMID- 173759
TI  - Adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases of neonatal human skin.
AB  - Three forms of adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinases
      have been isolated from neonatal human skin. An analysis of their properties
      indicates that they resemble those of cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      phosphotransferases of adult skin.

PMID- 173762
TI  - A rhesus monkey model for the study of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever.
AB  - Two groups of rhesus monkeys were inoculated with either 10(5) (group 1) or 10(3)
      (group 2) plaque-forming units of Machupo virus, the etiologic virus of Bolivian
      hemorrhagic fever. The monkeys were observed for clinical signs; body
      temperatures, viremias, hematologic changes, and virus-neutralizing antibody were
      measured. The onset of clinical signs for groups 1 and 2 occurred on days 4-6 and
      7-10, respectively, with fever, anorexia, and depression. These and other signs
      became more severe, and all of the monkeys died; the respective mean times to
      death for groups 1 and 2 were 14.3 and 19.5 days. Hematocrit, neutrophil, and
      lymphocyte values decreased in both groups until a few days before death and then
      increased slightly. Viremias in the two groups peaked on days 13 and 16,
      respectively, and persisted until death; the sole exception was one monkey in
      group 2 that developed neutralizing antibody by day 21. The response of the
      rhesus monkey to Machupo virus thus provides a useful model for the study of
      Bolivian hemorrhagic fever.

PMID- 173760
TI  - Diarrhea caused in gnotobiotic piglets by the reovirus-like agent of human
      infantile gastroenteritis.
AB  - One- to four-day-old gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated orally with a reovirus
      like agent obtained from human infants with acute gastroenteritis. Diarrhea
      developed in the piglets two to seven days after inoculation and was reproduced
      for five serial passages in one sequence and for three passages in another.
      Nineteen of 21 inoculated piglets developed diarrhea; reovirus-like particles
      were observed in intestinal contents and/or fecal samples from 17 animals with
      illness and from two inoculated piglets that did not develop diarrhea. One
      piglet, for which daily fecal samples were examined by electron microscopy, shed
      the largest number of virus particles at the onset of diarrhea. Immunofluorescent
      antibody responses to the reovirus-like agent were detected in sera from the
      seven inoculated animals that were tested.

PMID- 173761
TI  - Transmission of experimental rhinovirus colds in volunteer married couples.
AB  - Communicability of rhinovirus type 16 or type 55 was studied in 24 childless
      couples; on partner (the donor) was infected with laboratory-grown virus.
      Initially, both partners lacked antibody to the challenge agent. Rates of
      transmission between partners were 41% and 33% for type 16 and type 55,
      respectively. These rates are similar to those determined in epidemiologic
      studies of natural rhinovirus infection. Although the mucosa of the anterior
      nares was shown to be highly susceptible to infection (less than one 50% tissue
      culture infective dose [TCID50]), transmission rarely occurred unless (1) at
      least 1,000 TCID50 of virus was recovered from the donor's nasal washing, (2) the
      donor had virus on his hands and anterior nares, (3) he was at least moderately
      symptomatic, and (4) he spent many hours with his spouse. Since person-to-person
      transfer of rhinovirus was so dependent upon time spent together and shedding of
      large amounts of virus by the donor, it seems possible that the chain of
      infection could be interrupted by environmental manipulation.

PMID- 173763
TI  - Synergistic antiviral effects of adenine arabinoside and humoral antibodies in
      experimental encephalitis due to Herpesvirus hominis.
AB  - The antiviral effects of humoral antibodies and adenine arabinoside on
      encephalitis due to Herpesvirus hominis were studied in three-week-old mice.
      Exogenously administered antibodies to H. hominis, of rabbit or human origin,
      significantly reduced morbidity and mortality rates from H. hominis encephalitis
      if enough antibodies were given during the early phase of infection. Adenine
      arabinoside could also modulate the pathogenesis and reduce the mortality rate in
      mice with H. hominis encephalitis. Simultaneous administration of adenine
      arabinoside and human immune globulin resulted in an enhanced protection against
      H. hominis encephalitis. This increased protection was manifested by a
      significant reduction of mortality rate, a decrease in concentration of virus,
      and a lessening of histopathologic damage in the brain tissues. Mechanisms
      involved in the enhanced protective effects were not well defined. The use of
      adenine arabinoside plus human immune globulin did not completely suppress viral
      replication. Therefore, host recovery was probably mediated through (1) partial
      suppression of viral replication by adenine arabinoside, (2) neutralization of
      cell-free virus by antibodies, and (3) collaboration of antibodies with other
      host resistance factors (e.g., complement, leukocytes, nonimmune effector cells,
      etc.). Our data suggest that control of severe H. hominis infection may require
      the combined use of an antiviral agent and humoral factor and, perhaps,
      enhancement of host responses by other means.

PMID- 173764
TI  - Clinical efficacy of adenine arabinoside in therapy of cytomegalovirus infections
      in renal allograft recipients.
AB  - Three renal allograft recipients, two with cytomegalovirus pneumonia and one with
      cytomegalovirus retinitis, were treated with adenine arabinoside. The dose was 5
      10 mg/kg per day administered for four to six days. There was no clinical
      improvement in any of the patients. One patient died from overwhelming
      interstitial viral pneumonia. Cytomegalovirus was readily isolated from two
      patients after therapy (autopsied lung of one and the saliva of the other).
      Suppression of viruria was observed and quantitated in one patient (10(4.0)
      10(2.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses/0.2 ml). However, the suppression was
      transient, and viral titers returned to the levels before therapy within two
      months after completion of therapy. Treatment was stopped in two cases when
      hematologic toxicity (drop in hematocrit and platelet and leukocyte counts) was
      noted in the patients five days after initiation of therapy with adenine
      arabinoside. The drug appears to be ineffective and possibly toxic in
      immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients infected with cytomegalovirus.

PMID- 173765
TI  - An improved method for the extraction of endogenous platelet serotonin.
AB  - Investigations of blood platelet serotonin content, turnover, metabolism, and
      secretion require sensitive methods for accurate measurement of the amine. The
      present study has sought a simple, efficient procedure for extracting total
      platelet serotonin which could also be used for analysis of other platelet
      chemical constituents. ZnSO4 precipitation, the standard technique for extracting
      5-HT, failed to recover total platelet serotonin despite physical and chemical
      manipulations to improve its availability. Perchloric acid extraction was found
      to be more efficient, resulting in significantly increased values for endogenous
      platelet serotonin and recovery of 97 per cent of standard amounts of 5-HT added
      to platelet pellets. In addition, the perchloric acid extracts could be used for
      analysis of other platelet constituents such as adenine nucleotides. The improved
      procedure eliminates the need for large numbers of replicate samples for several
      assays and, at the same time, provides a more sensitive method for recovery of
      total platelet serotonin. It may also prove valuable for prolonged in vitro
      experiments in which extraction must be followed by additional isolation
      procedures in order to separate indole metabolites of serotonin from the amine
      for specific quantitation.

PMID- 173766
TI  - Effects of chronic uremia, hemodialysis, and renal transplantation on plasma
      lipids and lipoproteins in man.
AB  - Since quantitative and qualitative alterations in plasma lipoproteins may provide
      insights into mechanism(s) of altered lipid transport in renal failure, whole
      plasma triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) concentrations and lipoprotein
      neutral lipids and composition were examined in patients with chronic renal
      failure (undialyzed and dialyzed) and following successful renal transplantation.
      Both uremic groups demonstrated increased TG (p less than 0.001) and normal Chol
      in whole plasma and increased total TG and Chol in the very low-density
      lipoprotein fraction (VLDL). All hyperlipidemic subjects showed a Type IV
      phenotype. The percentage triglyceride in VLDL was slightly higher than control
      in the dialysis patients, and significantly increased in LDL in both undialyzed
      (p less than 0.001) and dialyzed (p less than 0.005) uremic groups. Transplant
      patients had significant increases (p less than 0.001) in both TG and Chol in
      whole plasma, and increased total TG and Chol in both the low-density
      lipoproteins (LDL) and VLDL fractions. Transplant patients with hyperlipidemia
      showed a variety of phenotypes and an enrichment of triglyceride in VLDL and LDL.
      These findings indicate that abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism in renal
      failure patients are not appreciably affected by chronic dialysis treatment and
      continue following successful transplantation. The tendency toward increased VLDL
      and LDL triglyceride content in these patients resembles the lipoprotein neutral
      lipid composition found in nonrenal patients with similarly elevated plasma
      lipids. These alterations could result from primary disturbances in VLDL
      production and/or removal.

PMID- 173767
TI  - Recent advances in our understanding of the vitamin D endocrine system.
AB  - Vitamin D3 gives rise to at least one hormone in which the kidney is utilized as
      an endocrine system. This hormone arises from 25-OH-D3 which in turn is
      synthesized in the liver from vitamin D3. The production of this calcium and
      phosphorus mobilizing hormone, namely 1,25-(OH)2D3, is strongly regulated by the
      need for calcium and phosphorus. The regulation of its production can occur only
      after initial 1,25-(OH)2D3 is made and brings about the appearance of 25-OH-D3
      24hydroxylase. The need for calcium brings about a stimulation of parathyroid
      hormone secretion. The parathyroid hormone suppresses the 24-hydroxylase and
      stimulates the 1-hydroxylase. Alternatively, the need for phosphorus directly
      stimulates the 1-hydroxylase and suppresses the 24-hydroxylase. The 24
      hydroxylation appears to be the initial reaction leading to the inactivation and
      excretion of vitamin D whereas the 1-hydroxylation is the reaction bringing about
      the activation of the molecule to 1,25-(OH)2D3. The 1,25-(OH)2D3, the 25-OH-D3
      and an analog of 1,25-(OH)2D3, namely 1alpha-OH-D3, are potentially extremely
      useful in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases such as renal osteodystrophy,
      hepatically related disorders of calcium and bone metabolism, hypoparathyroidism,
      and vitamin D dependency disease. The 1alpha-OH-D3 is effective by virtue of its
      conversion to 1,25-(OH)2D3. The 25-hydroxylation of both 1alpha-OH-D3 and vitamin
      D3 itself occurs predominantly in the liver. Finally, it is not entirely settled
      whether 1,25-(OH)2D3 is active directly in all of the functions of viramin D or
      whether it must be further converted metabolically. A new metabolic pathway for
      vitamin D has been discovered in which 1,25-(OH)2D3 loses its 26 and 27 carbons
      to carbon dioxide, producing an unknown metabolite. It is not certain whether
      this pathway represents degradation of the 1,25-(OH)2D3 or its further
      activation.

PMID- 173768
TI  - Activation of renal erythropoietic factor by phosphorylation.
AB  - Renal erythropoietic factor (REF) serves as a substrate for a cyclic nucleotide
      dependent protein kinase. The phosphorylation of REF is associated with increased
      erythropoietic activity. Conversely, REF isolated from hypoxic rats is a poor
      phosphate acceptor. These findings and the presence of a positive correlation
      between erythropoietin levels and urinary excretion of adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cyclic-AMP) in anemic individuals suggest that the cyclic-AMP
      protein kinase system plays an important role in the activation of REF.

PMID- 173769
TI  - Carcinoma of the bile duct.

PMID- 173770
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of luteinizing hormone and cyclic AMP on protein kinase
      activity in rat testicular interstitial tissue.

PMID- 173771
TI  - Proceedings: Hormonal control of steroid synthesis by a feminizing adrenal
      tumour.

PMID- 173772
TI  - Proceedings: Serum and pituitary gonadotrophin levels after selective destruction
      of the interstitium by ethylene dimethanesulphonate in alpha-chlorhydrin
      sterilized male rats.

PMID- 173773
TI  - Effect of acute inhibition of adrenocorticotrophin secretion on plasma
      corticosteroids in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - The half-life of plasma cortisol in the rhesus monkey (M. mulatta), determined by
      two methods, was about 130 min and longer than that in man; it was unaffected by
      administration of dexamethasone. Dexamethasone (5 mg, i.v.) immediately inhibited
      the secretion of ACTH from the monkey pituitary. The plasma half-life of NH2
      terminal immunoreactive ACTH was found to be about 55 min which was much longer
      than the biological half-life. The adrenal synthesis of cortisol was inhibited by
      metyrapone which caused a prompt increase in the plasma concentration of ACTH and
      11-deoxycortisol. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system of the rhesus monkey
      sedated with phencyclidine hydrochloride responded rapidly to alteration in the
      level of steroids in the circulation.

PMID- 173774
TI  - Proceedings: Pituitary and adrenal function in foetal sheep during the latter
      half of gestation.

PMID- 173775
TI  - Proceedings: ATP, cyclic AMP and the regulation of corticosteroid binding by rat
      thymus cells in vitro.

PMID- 173776
TI  - Proceedings: The nature of the redox change measured in the cytochemical bioassay
      of corticotrophin.

PMID- 173777
TI  - Proceedings: Plasma levels of cortisol, free cortisol and corticotrophin during
      cardio-pulmonary by-pass.

PMID- 173778
TI  - Proceedings: Glucocorticoid and corticotrophin response in the newborn child
      undergoing exchange transfusion.

PMID- 173779
TI  - Proceedings: Glucocorticoid receptors and response in diethylnitrosamine-induced
      hepatomas.

PMID- 173780
TI  - Proceedings: Pituitary plasma membrane-luteinizing hormone releasing hormone
      binding: evidence for the presence of specific binding sites in other tissues.

PMID- 173781
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of chlorpromazine, pentobarbitone, vasopressin, angiotensin
      II, bradykinin and corticotrophin on the secretion of corticotrophin releasing
      hormone from the hypothalamus in vitro.

PMID- 173782
TI  - Proceedings: Studies on the receptors to the odoriferous steroid, 5alpha-androst
      16-en-3-one, in sow nasal epithelium.

PMID- 173783
TI  - Proceedings: Distribution of renal kininases in relation to the kallikrein
      bradykinin system and water excretion.

PMID- 173785
TI  - Interrelationships of pituitary and plasma corticotrophin and plasma
      corticosterone during adrenocortical regeneration in the rat.
AB  - Pituitary and plasma ACTH and plasma corticosterone were measured at various
      times after adrenal enucleation or adrenalectomy. The changes in ACTH could be
      inversely correlated with those in plasma corticosterone. They could also be
      prevented by maintenance therapy with the steroid. The results indicate that the
      corticosteroids control both the release and the synthesis of ACTH but that their
      effect is predominantly on the release of the hormone.

PMID- 173784
TI  - Development of a radioimmunoassay for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the
      rat.
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating
      hormone (alpha-MSH) was developed. Extracts of the neurointermediate lobe of the
      rat produced displacement curves which were parallel to those obtained with
      synthetic alpha-MSH. The mean immunoreactive alpha-MSH concentration in
      neurointermediate lobes from normal adult rats was 2768 +/- 200 (S.E.M.) ng/lobe.
      This accounted for approximately 78% of the MSH activity of the neurointermediate
      lobe as measured by bioassay. Much lower levels of immunoreactive alpha-MSH were
      found in the anterior lobe of the rat. Extracts of rat serum and plasma also
      contained immunoreactive alpha-MSH and the mean level was found to be 237 +/- 20
      pg/ml. This was slightly lower than the level measured in rat plasma by bioassay.
      Increased levels of alpha-MSH were found in plasma of rats 1 and 3 h after a
      single injection of trifluoperazine and after 1-5 min of ether anaesthesia. These
      changes were reflected by decreases in the alpha-MSH content of the
      neurointermediate lobe.

PMID- 173786
TI  - Cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor complex of female ovine pituitary: changes
      associated with the reproductive state and oestradiol treatment.
AB  - Binding of oestrone and oestradiol to a pituitary cytosol receptor was studied in
      ovariectomized sheep during the breeding season, during anoestrus and after
      oestradiol treatment during anoestrus. All sheep were ovariectomized 2 weeks
      before removal of the anterior pituitary. Oestrogen treatment consisted of the
      subcutaneous implantation of Silastic capsules containing oestradiol-17beta 3
      weeks before ovariectomy. Association constants (KA) for oestrone and oestradiol
      and the concentration of binding sites for oestradiol varied with changes in
      reproductive state. Oestradiol bound more tightly and the concentration of
      available binding sites was lower during the breeding season than during
      anoestrus. The affinity of oestrone binding was less during the breeding season
      than during anoestrus, whilst the concentration of binding sites for this steroid
      did not change with changes in reproductive state. Treatment of anoestrous sheeep
      with oestradiol increased the KA for oestradiol and decreased the concentration
      of binding sites. However, no effect of oestradiol treatment was observed with
      regard to the KA or concentration of binding sites for oestrone. The results
      suggest that either the pituitary oestrogen cytoplasmic receptor undergoes a
      conformational change during the breeding season causing oestradiol to be more
      tightly bound or the onset of the breeding season is accompanied by the
      appearance of a new receptor which binds to oestradiol with greater affinity.
      Oestradiol treatment of anoestrous sheep mimics this change.

PMID- 173787
TI  - Motor patterns in the stomatogastric ganglion of the lobster Panulirus argus.
AB  - 1. Acitivity patterns arising from the thirty cells of the stomatogastric
      ganglion of Panulirus argus are described for both a semi-intact preparation and
      an isolated one. 2. The thirty or so cells can be divided so far into two
      functional groupings: the gastric mill group, with at least ten motor elements,
      and the pyloric group with at least fourteen. There is some, but not extensive,
      interaction between groups. 3. The main gastric mill activity is arranged in two
      sets of elements, each of which is composed of reciprocating elements innervating
      antagonistic muscles. Thus alternation in activity between the single LC and the
      two LG neurones results in alternate closing and opening of the lateral teeth;
      alternation between the four GM and single CP units results in alternate
      protraction and retraction of the medial tooth. 4. The two sets are phased to
      each other in such a way that they cause gastric mill teeth to operate
      effectively to masticate food. 5. The main pyloric activity is arranged in a
      three-part cycle with each of three sets of units active in sequence. Activity in
      two PD and one AB unit is followed by bursts in IC and LP units followed in turn
      by activity in up to seven PY units. Activity in a single VD neurone is locked to
      this cycle in a more complex pattern.

PMID- 173788
TI  - Herpes progenitalis and condyloma acuminata.

PMID- 173789
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of glomus jugulare tumors. 6 cases].

PMID- 173790
TI  - Kinetics of 3-O-methyl glucose transport in red blood cells of newborn pigs.
AB  - The glucose-permeable fetal red cells in the pig are entirely replaced by glucose
      impermeable adult red cells within a month after birth. This study investigates
      the kinetic parameters of the glucose transport mechanism in newborn pig red
      cells in comparison with immature adult red cells (reticulocytes) as well as the
      fully matured adult erythrocytes. Influx and efflux of the nonmetabolizable 3-O
      methyl glucose (3-O-M-G) in red cells of newborn pigs saturate at high substrate
      concentrations and exhibit typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Km values for
      efflux are 15.2 and 18.2 mM for 15 and 22 degrees C, respectively. Q10 computed
      between 10 and 26 degrees is 5.0. The energy of activation for the transport
      process is 34,000 cal mol-1. The effectiveness of hexoses in competing with 3-O-M
      G in efflux is in the following order: D-glucose greater than D-mannose greater
      than D-fructose greater than D-galactose. Efflux of 3-O-M-G does not increase
      with 3-O-M-G or D-ribose in the medium and is reduced by 2,4-dinitroflurobenzene
      (DNFB), p-chloromercuriphenyl sufonic acid (PCMBS), and phloridzin. The
      reticulocytes are shown to possess a carrier-mediated transport but with a
      considerably lower transport rate. As the reticulocytes mature into normal red
      cells, the carrier transport mechanism is lost.

PMID- 173794
TI  - Unique virus-related DNA sequences in sheep progressive pneumonia lung.
AB  - Hybridization studies with [3H]-cDNA of progressive pneumonia, maedi and visna
      viruses demonstrate that lung DNA from sheep afflicted with progressive
      interstitial pneumonia possesses virus-related sequences not present in normal
      sheep lung DNA.

PMID- 173793
TI  - Mutations in Escherichia coli that relieve catabolite repression of tryptophanase
      synthesis. Mutations distant from the tryptophanase gene.
AB  - Two mutants are described in which the synthesis of tryptophanase is unusually
      insensitive to catabolite repression. Neither mutation is linked by transduction
      to the tryptophane structural gene, neither mutation renders the synthesis of
      beta-galactosidase insensitive to catabolite repression, and the mutations do not
      permit tryptophanase to be synthesized in strains deficient in adenyl cyclase.
      During growth in glucose-minimal medium the mutants maintained a similar
      intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP to their wild-type parent; but since in
      the wild type the concentration of cyclic AMP was the same in glycerol-minimal
      medium as in glucose-minimal medium, it is doubtful whether catabolite repression
      is mediated by measurable changes in the concentration of this nucleotide.

PMID- 173791
TI  - Enzyme activity changes during cyclic AMP-induced stalk cell differentiation in
      P4, a variant of Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The P4 variant of Dictyostelium discoideum is characterized by the production of
      fruiting structures in which the overall proportion of stalk to spore material is
      increased, relative to the wild type. The altered morphology of the mutant is due
      to increased sensitivity to cyclic AMP which promotes stalk cell differentiation.
      In the presence of 10-4 M-cyclic AMP the entire population of P4 amoebae forms
      clumps of stalk cells on the surface of the dialysis membrane support.
      Measurement of changes in activity of a range of developmentally-regulated
      enzymes during the development of P4 in the presence and absence of cyclic AMP
      has allowed us to identify three classes of enzyme: (i) Those, such as beta
      glucosidase II, trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase and uridine diphosphogalactose-4
      epimerase, which are required for the production of spores. (ii) Enzymes,
      primarily but perhaps not exclusively, required during stalk cell formation.
      Typical of these are N-acetylglucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase. (iii)
      General enzymes, such as threonine dehydrase, alpha-mannosidase and uridine
      diphosphoglucose pyrophyosphorylase, which are present inboth pre-stalk and pre
      spore cells and appear to be necessary for the development of both cell types.

PMID- 173795
TI  - On the mechanism of neurotropism of vesicular stomatitis virus in newborn
      hamsters. Studies with temperature-sensitive mutants.
AB  - The virulence of temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus
      (VSV) injected subcutaneously into newborn hamsters was positively correlated
      with their tendency to generate revertants and with their leakiness in cultured
      hamster embryo fibroblasts maintained at 37 degrees C, the measured body
      temperature of the animals under our experimental conditions. The complementation
      group of the mutants seemed important only in that it tended to determine
      reversion frequency and leakiness. One non-reverting group I mutant (T1026),
      however, was much less virulent than would be expected from its extreme leakiness
      at body temperature. The disease produced by the less virulent mutants was
      characterized by neurological symptoms and led to delayed death, unlike the rapid
      deatth produced by virulent mutants. Infectious virus could be found in higher
      titres in the brains than in peripheral organs of such animals (with ratios as
      high as 10(8)). This neurotropism was not correlated with the complementation
      group of the mutant but was shown to be the consequence of survival for more than
      3 days after injection. Age was not responsible for the effect. Animals injected
      at birth with T1026 were completely resistant to subcutaneous superinfection with
      the highly virulent wildtype virus HR at 3 to 4 days, though non-T1026-protected
      animals were completely sensitive. When HR was injected intracerebrally at 3 to 4
      days, the T1026-protected animals allowed replication to high titres in the brain
      but not in peripheral organs, whereas non-T1026-protected animals allowed
      replication  to high titres in both brain and in peripheral organs. We suggest
      from these results that the observed neurotropism is produced by a resistance
      mechanism operative in peripheral organs but not in the brain; this resistance
      develops rapidly in newborn animals on exposure to virus and clears virus from
      the peripheral organs leaving it in the brain. It is possible that our effect
      represents a controlled and accelerated induction of the classical peripheral
      resistance of animals to various viruses which normally develops with age.

PMID- 173796
TI  - Inhibition of interferon action by vitamin A.
AB  - Simultaneous treatment of mouse cells with interferon and vitamin A (retinoic
      acid) resulted in an inhibition of interferon action. Increasing concentrations
      of calf serum decreased the inhibitory effect of retinoic acid on interferon
      action. Treatment of interferon with retinoic acid prior to the assay for
      interferon activity also resulted in a loss of interferon activity. Since the
      residual retinoic acid present after dilution of the interferon for assay was not
      sufficient to interfere with the assay, it is presumed that interferon and
      retinoic acid must interact in some fashion to inhibit interferon activity. Calf
      serum prevented the apparent interaction of retinoic acid and interferon. The
      loss of interferon activity which resulted from treatment of interferon with
      retinoic acid was dependent on temperature and time of incubation. Retinyl
      acetate (acetate ester of vitamin A) and retinal (vitamin A adehyde) only
      slightly inhibited interferon activity, while retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) and
      retinol (vitamin A alcohol) were similarly effective at inhibiting interferon
      activity. Another fat soluble vitamin, vitamin K1, did not inhibit interferon
      activity.

PMID- 173797
TI  - Absence of poly (A) from the infective RNA of Nodamura virus.
AB  - With the exception of phage Qbeta, the RNAs of all the other small icosahedral
      RNA viruses so far examined contain a poly (A) tract. This tract has been
      implicated in the infectivity of poliovirus RNA. We have now shown that Nodamura
      virus, a divided genome virus from which infective RNA can be extracted, does not
      contain any poly (A) tracts. This evidence with Nodamura virus shows that poly
      (A) is not a necessary requirement for the infectivity of virus RNA molecules.

PMID- 173798
TI  - DNA polymerase in pseudorabies virus infected cells.
AB  - The DNA polymerase activity in BHK 21/C13 cells infected with pseudorabies virus
      is inhibited by incubation with antiserum to pseudorabies but not by incubation
      with pre-immune serum or by antiserum to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or
      herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). It also differs from the cell enzyme and the
      enzymes in HSV-1 or HSV-2 infected cells in its requirement for KCl in the in
      vitro assay. It seems likely, therefore, that pseudorabies virus specifies its
      own DNA polymerase.

PMID- 173799
TI  - Anti-viral activity of single-stranded homopolynucleotides against
      encephalomyocarditis virus and Semliki Forest virus in adult mice without
      interferon induction.
AB  - Single administrations of poly C or poly I are anti-viral against infections of
      encephalomyocarditis (EMC) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV) in mice but poly U and
      poly A are not. The degree of protection is dose-dependent and mice which die do
      so at a later time when untreated controls even in a strain of mouse in which the
      time of death is not dependent on the dose of virus given. No circulating
      interferon is found after treating mice with poly C or poly I even at
      polynucleotide doses which give the same degree of protection as the interferon
      inducer, poly I:C. Several additional features distinguish the protection by poly
      C and poly I from interferon induction: the effect is low 24h before infection
      and maximal 6 h before infection, the effect is short-lived and mice do not show
      hypo-reactivation to repeated treatment. Limited treatment of mice with poly I:C,
      interferon or poly C before infection itself results in additional protection
      when poly C is also administered after infection, indicating that poly C has an
      effect after onset of virus replication. After infection poly C and poly I are
      both more effective by the intravenous route but before infection they are most
      effective when administered by the same route as the virus. Quantitative
      comparisons of the protective effects of poly C, poly I and the interferon
      inducer, poly I:C, are possible from dose response curves of the polynucleotides
      at different times relative to infection and by different routes of
      administration. The results are considered in relation to the presence of
      homopolyribonucleotide tracts in the viral genomes and effects on the reticulo
      endothelial system of the mice.

PMID- 173800
TI  - Poliovirus proteins associated with the replication complex in infected cells.
AB  - Viral polypeptides associated with the membrane-free replication complex of
      poliovirus RNA were multiple in nature. The structural protein precursors [VP0,
      VP1, VP3] predominated, and because they were found in a cytoplasmic component
      with the same S value and density as the replication complex are likely to be
      attached to it in vivo. They were not present in the form of empty capsids. The
      electrophoretic polypeptide pattern of the membrane-bound replication complex was
      similar but showed a predominance of NCVPX or VP1, unless the cells were slightly
      depleted in amino acids when the non-structural polypeptide NCVP2 became
      important. Cystine was the only amino acid capable of reversing this depletion
      effect on its own.

PMID- 173801
TI  - [Poland's syndrome in a sterile woman].
AB  - In a woman aged 32, who came for consultation regarding her sterility, a case of
      Poland's syndrome was diagnosed in view of a brachysyndactylia and a homolateral
      agenesia of the large pectoral. The possible connexion between her sterility and
      this syndrome is discussed.

PMID- 173803
TI  - Inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase in rat brain by methylxanthines.

PMID- 173802
TI  - Studies on serotonin binding proteins of nerve ending membranes.
AB  - Synaptic membranes were isolated from rat brain homogenates by differential and
      density gradient centrifugation. Membrane proteins were solubilized by detergent
      buffer and assayed for serotonin-binding activity by adsorption of free 5-HT on
      charcoal. When the membrane extract was incubated with serotonin at +4 degrees C
      for various times, equilibrium was reached within 10 min. With increasing
      serotonin concentrations the specific part of binding was saturable whereas the
      non-specific part increased linear with the total 5-HT added. Kinetic analysis of
      the data revealed two different classes of binding sites with the apparent
      dissociation constants Kd1 = 5.3X10(-7) M and Kd2 = 1.1X10-5 M. The disociation
      reaction followed first order kinetics in two steps. The first step was very
      rapid, the second step proceeded with a half life time t1/2 of 16 min and a
      dissociation rate constant of k-1 = 7.2X10(-4) s-1. the binding was sensitive to
      heat and SH-blocking reagents and displaceable by serotonin in excess, d-LSD, and
      to a lower extent by 5-methoxytryptamine and tryptamine. The significance and
      localization of the binding sites at the membrane are discussed.

PMID- 173804
TI  - High content of glutamate and of ATP in astrocytes cultured from rat brain
      hemispheres: effect of serum withdrawal and of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 173807
TI  - Immunological differential diagnosis of human brain tumours.
AB  - Results of immunological experiments with various human brain tumours show
      differences between astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme when brain-specific
      alpha2-glycoprotein is used as an immunological marker. On this basis a tentative
      model of cytogenesis and oncogenic transformation of glial cells was presented.
      Morphological resemblances between the brain-specific alpha2-glycoprotein immuno
      precipitation lines obtained from astrocytoma cells and from normal cerebral
      white matter treated with neuraminidase are discussed in relation to experimental
      and clinical studies of tumour cells treated with neuraminidase.

PMID- 173805
TI  - Comparison of the intermediary metabolism of fatty acids in denervated and
      dystrophic murine skeletal muscle.
AB  - Certain aspects of lipid metabolism have been examined in denervated muscle from
      normal mice and in dystrophic muscle from mice of the Bar Harbor strain 129. A
      number of parameters show no change or similar changes. For example, the
      utilization of palmitate-[1-14C] and palmitylcarnitine by mitochondria from
      denervated and dystrophic hind leg skeletal muscle showed parallel decreased in
      the oxidation of palmitate (30-42%) and palmitylcarnite (37-66%). A comparable
      study with acetylcarnitine showed a striking difference with no change evident in
      mitochondria from denervated muscle and 80-85% decrease in dystrophic muscle. The
      study of succinate dehydrogenase and the enzymes of beta-oxidation in the above
      mitochondrial preparation showed similar findings except for acyl CoA
      dehydrogenase activity (an enzyme with a regulatory role in beta-oxidation) which
      was significantly diminished (29%) in denervated muscle, whereas no change was
      observed in dystrophic muscle. The findings show a close parallel in a number of
      parameters but distinct differences were observed in denervated as compared with
      dystrophic muscle. It is unlikely that the muscular disorder in murine muscular
      dystrophy can be explained solely on the basis of denervation or the loss of a
      neural trophic factor.

PMID- 173806
TI  - Early onset myotonic dystrophy in association with polyneuropathy.
AB  - A patient with early onset of myotonic dystrophy, with associated neuropathy and
      epilepsy, is presented. It is postulated that his disorder was inherited through
      a recessive, pleomorphic gene. His differential diagnosis is discussed and the
      literature reviewed. The clinical variability of myotonic dystrophy is stressed
      and the diagnostic difficulties encountered in the younger age group.

PMID- 173808
TI  - Hereditary demyelinating neuropathy in the trembler mouse.
AB  - The Trembler mouse suffers from a hereditary demyelinating neuropathy. Nerve
      conduction studies were performed on the sciatic nerve, median nerve and dorsal
      nerve of the tail. There was a prolonged terminal latency, and motor conduction
      velocities were less than 10 m/sec in all the nerves examined. The
      electrophysiological abnormalities correlate with the pathological findings of
      hypomyelination.

PMID- 173809
TI  - Neurological complication of antirabies vaccination in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
      Clinical and therapeutical aspects.
AB  - The author studied especially the clinical aspects and therapeutic results in 73
      patients with neurological complication of anti-rabies vaccination. The
      neuroparalytic accidents and the most constant neurologic signs and symptoms were
      emphasized. The most common clinical syndrome was thoraco-lumbar meningomyelitis
      and there were CSF alterations in 88% of the cases studied. Eighteen patients
      presented neurologic complications after Fuenzalida vaccine: only 1 of them had
      Guillain-Barre syndrome, 1 had meningoradiculitis, 4 had myelitis and in the
      other 12 cases there was diffuse involvement of the nervous system especially of
      the spinal cord and meninges (meningomyelitis and meningoencephalomyelitis).

PMID- 173811
TI  - Light-cored dense particles in mitochondria of a patient with skeletal muscle and
      myocardial disease.
AB  - A 15-year-old boy with skeletal muscle and myocardial disease was found to have
      large numbers of abnormal muscle mitochondria, the distinguishing feature of
      which was the presence of many light-cored dense particles. These particles bore
      a marked resemblance to those seen in situations where mitochondria accumulate
      calcium. If that is what they were, it remains to be determined whether such an
      accumulation of calcium, or other mitochondrial abnormality, played a role in the
      patient's muscle weakness. Alternatively, the granules might have represented
      evidence of virus involvement of the mitochondria, but this seems less likely.

PMID- 173810
TI  - Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroblastoma: a kaleidoscope of neuronal degeneration. A
      light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - The light and electron microscopic features of an unique retroperitoneal
      ganglioneuroblastoma in a four-year-old female are described. The unprecedented
      concurrence of Hirano, zebra, membranous cytoplasmic (MCB), and Pick bodies in
      the same population of neoplastic, sympathetic ganglion cells provides further
      evidence for their non-specificity. Although the pathogenesis of the membranous
      cytoplasmic bodies in this tumor is unclear, they ostensibly arise within
      endoplasmic cisterns, similar to the proposed origin of membranous cytoplasmic
      bodies in Tay-Sachs disease. Both the apparent continuum between argyrophilic
      bodies and central chromatolysis, and the incorporation of various cytoplasmic
      constituents within neurofilamentous proliferations reflect some of the dynamic
      factors involved in the formation of Pick bodies.

PMID- 173812
TI  - The fine structure of astrocytes in the adult staggerer.
AB  - The fine structure of the cerebella of staggerer mice was studied. Particular
      attention was paid to the astrocytic processes which showed characteristic
      changes in the adult animal. These consisted of parallel configurations of
      slender sheet-like astrocytic processes frequently connected to one another by
      highly organized intercellular adhesive devices. The abnormal condition seen in
      staggerer is an exaggerated expression of the fundamental tendency of the
      astrocyte to form sheet-like peripheral processes.

PMID- 173813
TI  - Management of the uninhibited bladder by selective sacral neurectomy.
AB  - The authors report the treatment of incontinence due to uninhibited bladder
      contractions by selective sacral neurectomy in nine patients, four without
      evidence of neurological disease. A detailed and objective analysis of bladder
      and urethral function, together with quantitation of clinical features, was made
      before and after operation. Seven patients were either cured or greatly improved.
      The overall increase in bladder capacity and reduction of uninhibited activity
      were statistically significant. The resting urethral sphincter pressure was
      unchanged, but the contractility of the voluntary external sphincter was slightly
      impaired. Criteria for such neurectomies are discussed.

PMID- 173814
TI  - Controlled study of CCNU and radiation therapy in malignant astrocytoma.
AB  - The authors report 63 patients with biopsy-proved malignant (Grades 3 and 4)
      astrocytomas who were randomly placed in one of three treatment schedules within
      2 weeks of surgery. One group (22 patients) received radiation therapy alone; the
      second group (22 patients) received 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea
      (CCNU) orally at intervals of 8 weeks; and the third group (19 patients) received
      combined radiation and drug therapy. Patients who received radiation therapy,
      with or without the drug, had a significantly longer survival than did those who
      received the drug alone. There was no difference in survival between the two
      groups who received radiation. The nitrosourea derivative CCNU does not seem to
      be an effective agent in the therapy of primary malignant brain tumors.

PMID- 173815
TI  - Increased localization of 99mTc-pyrophosphate in a bone island: case report.
AB  - A positive 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scan is reported in a proven case of large
      compact bone island. Pyrophosphate uptake in this case is presumed to be due to
      either large size or growth of the bone island. A radionuclide bone scan does not
      always differentiate bone islands from metastatic or inflammatory sclerotic bone
      lesions.

PMID- 173816
TI  - Comparison of 18F and 99mTc-polyphosphate in orthopedic bone scintigraphy.
AB  - To compare 99mTc-polyphosphate and 18F for use in orthopedics, 79 patients were
      examined with both. Fifty cases were suitable for analysis. While the
      extraskeletal uptake of 18F was found to be negligible, 99mTc-polyphosphate may
      accumulate considerably in pathologic soft tissue, e.g., in soft-tissue tumors
      and in inflamed synovial tissue. This soft-tissue Tc accumulation may obscure the
      osseus uptake, notably in the examination of joint regions, commonly the regions
      of interest in orthopedics. After simultaneous administration of both agents,
      quantitative measurements were performed on specimens of bone and synovial tissue
      from diseased joints in human patients and in rabbits. The uptake of 99mTc
      polyphosphate in synovial tissue was shown to be about seven times that of 18F,
      while their uptakes in bone were equal. In short, 99mTc-polyphosphate, a valuable
      tracer in general, is hardly the agent of choice in orthopedics.

PMID- 173817
TI  - Stoppage of glycogenesis and "over-shoot" of induction of lipogenesis and its
      related enzyme activities in the liver of fasted-refed rats.
AB  - To elucidate the causes of changes of carbohydrate metabolic pathways, the time
      course of utilization of dietary [U-14C]sucrose and induction of enzyme
      activities in the livers of rats were investigated. Adult male rats of BHE strain
      were refed after a fast of 2 days. The nutritionally complete refeeding diet
      contained 60% sucrose as the only source of carbohydrate. [U-14C]Sucrose was
      included in the diet on either day 1 or day 2, or both of refeeding. During the
      first day of refeeding, the radioactivity was incorporated mainly into liver
      glycogen which rose to over 100 mg/g. During the second day, little 14C appeared
      in the liver glycogen, which decreased sharply while glucose-6-phosphatase
      activity increased. The glycogenic pathway thus appeared to be blocked. On the
      other hand, 14C incorporation in the liver fat was minimal during the first day,
      but was quite extensive during the second day of refeeding. The enhanced
      lipogenesis was accompanied by large increases of activities of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic
      dehydrogenase. Results clearly indicate that the carbohydrate load in the liver
      of intact animals was initially metabolized by the glycogenic pathway. When
      glycogenesis stopped, carbohydrate was metabolized differently. The enhanced
      incorporation of [U-14C]sucrose into liver lipids indicates an increased
      formation of acetyl CoA and an accelerated formation and use of NADPH, probably
      from increasing dehydrogenase activities. Our data suggest that the blockage of
      synthesis of glycogen with the continuation of carbohydrate load was a primary
      cause in over-shooting induction of hepatic dehydrogenase activities and
      lipogenesis.

PMID- 173818
TI  - Gluconeogenic response to mannoheptulose in the rat.
AB  - Since administration of mannoheptulose induces temporary hyperglycemia, the
      present study was conducted to elucidate this phenomenon. The results indicate
      that mannoheptulose stimulates the activity of hepatic fructose-1,6-diphosphatase
      and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and enhances incorporation of alanine into
      blood glucose and hepatic glycogen. In addition, mannoheptulose increases plasma
      levels of glucagon and hepatic cyclic AMP concentration. Gluconeogenic effects of
      mannoheptulose appear to be mediated by glucagon.

PMID- 173819
TI  - Mechanism and regulation of thiamine pyrophosphokinase from parsely leaf.
AB  - Thiamine pyrophosphokinase (EC 2.7.6.2) from parsely leaf showed an absolute
      requirement for divalent cation such as Mg2+, Mn2+ and Co2+. The activation
      effect varied with the species and concentrations of such cations. When Mn2+ or
      Co2+ was used as cofactor, maximal activation was found at a lower level than ATP
      concentration, whereas the activation by Mg2+ increased hyperbolically with the
      concentration. Studies of initial velocity and product inhibition led to conclude
      that the kinase reaction obeys a sequential ordered Bi Bi mechanism; i.e. the
      enzyme combines in turns with MgATP and thiamine, followed by release of TPP and
      AMP. The inhibition type revealed for inorganic pyrophosphate was competitive
      with respect to thiamine with Ki of approximately 2.8 mM. On the other hand,
      thiamine monophosphate exhibited noncompetitive inhibition with Ki of 0.2 mM. The
      plots of the reaction rate against MgATP concentrations gave a sigmoidal curve.
      Addition of either AMP or GMP resulted in restoration of a depressed activity at
      low concentration of MgATP. The "allosteric" inhibition was also relieved by the
      addition of an excess amount of magnesium ions. These findings suggest that
      transphosphorylation is regulated by subcellular concentrations of metal ions
      relative to ATP or of the products involved in the thiamine biosynthesis.

PMID- 173820
TI  - Glycerolipid metabolism in cellular and subcellular fractions of fasted rat
      liver.
AB  - The effect of overnight fasting on glycerolipids of the rat liver organelles was
      studied. The concentration of microsomal phospholipids was markedly decreased by
      fasting, whereas that of mitochondria and whole liver increased significantly.
      The significant increase due to fasting in the activity of microsomal
      phosphorylcholine-glyceride transferase appeared to be responsible for the
      increased concentration of hepatic phospholipid. The incorporation by the liver
      slice of [1(-14)C] glycerol into PC3 in mitochondria was increased by fasting,
      while there was no difference in the microsomal fraction containing supernatant.
      The significant decrease in the relative proportions of oleic and linoleic acids
      and a significant increase in stearic and arachidonic acids in
      phosphatidylcholine were observed in the intact liver as well as its subcellular
      fractions. The possible relationship of these changes after fasting to the
      similarity in the incorporation pattern of [1(-14)C] glycerol into the molecular
      species of these glycerolipids was demonstrated.

PMID- 173821
TI  - Vitamin D3 effect on the calcium content in subcellular fractions of rat
      intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 173822
TI  - I. Recommendations for a crystalline silica standard.

PMID- 173823
TI  - The Walrus and the Carpenter or the Silica Criteria Standard.

PMID- 173824
TI  - [Antibody to Epstein-Barr virus in head and neck tumors (author's transl)].

PMID- 173825
TI  - Testosterone treatment of excessively tall boys.
AB  - Twenty-nine tall boys with a mean height prediction of 198 cm were treated for
      serious psychosocial reasons with high doses of a long-acting testosterone
      preparation (500 mg/m2/month). Their ages at the start of treatment ranged from
      9.8 to 16.9 years, and the mean duration of treatment was 1.2 years. Bone age was
      assessed according to the Tanner-Whitehouse II (RUS) method, and height
      predictions were calculated using the age-specific regression equations of Tanner
      and colleagues. On the basis of bone age at the start of treatment, three groups
      were formed (bone age 12.1 to 14, 14.1 to 15, and greater than 15 years), and the
      results were assessed separately. In the whole series, adult height was reduced
      by 5.4 cm; the best results (8cm) were achieved in the youngest bone age group.
      Under treatment, bone maturation was accelerated (1.8 years per year) and growth
      velocity increased (youngest bone age group) or was normal (older bone age
      groups). Testicular volume remained prepubertal in young patients and decreased
      in older ones. After discontinuation of treatment, testicular volume and sperm
      count became normal again after a mean period of 1.5 years, but in a few cases
      recovery was slower. It is concluded that adult height in tall boys may be
      effectively reduced by testosterone, that the results are best if treatment is
      started in early puberty, and that the suppressing effects on pituitary and
      testicular function are fully reversible. Since the indication for treatment is a
      psychosocial one, the patients should be carefully selected, taking into account
      not only growth but also psychological and familial factors.

PMID- 173827
TI  - The occurrence of hepatoma in the chronic form of hereditary tyrosinemia.
AB  - A 5 1/2-year-old child with hepatocarcinoma complicating hereditary tyrosinemia
      is presented. A review of the literature and an attempted follow-up of previously
      reported patients with the chronic form of hereditary tyrosinemia have disclosed
      16 cases of hepatocarcinoma occurring in 43 patients surviving beyond 2 years of
      age (37%). This incidence is considerably higher than that generally given for
      the occurrence of hepatoma in adults with macronodular cirrhosis. Females and
      males are equally at risk. Additional factors beyond the development of cirrhosis
      are likely operative in the induction of hepatocarcinoma in patients with this
      metabolic disorder; those surviving beyond infancy are at considerable risk for
      the development of fatal hepatic neoplasms.

PMID- 173826
TI  - Childhood cancer in sibs.
AB  - Thirty-eight families with cancer in two or more children were identified from
      records of the Sidney Farber Cancer Center and the Children's Hospital, Boston.
      Neoplasms developed in one pair of identical twins and in 37 sets of sibs (2 with
      4 affected sibs, 4 with 3, and 31 sib-pairs). Predisposition to cancer extended
      to their parents and other relatives, and subsequently to other sibs who were
      unaffected at the time of ascertainment of the cancer-prone families. Genetic
      susceptibility was suggested in individual families by parental consanguinity or
      by an inherited disorder predisposing to cancer, but in other instances no
      oncogenic factors were identified. Familial aggregates of childhood provide
      opportunities for etiologic study and cancer control.

PMID- 173828
TI  - Noradrenergic subsensitivity and supersensitivity of the cerebral cortex after
      reserpine treatment.
AB  - Changes in the sensitivity of the cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate response
      of rat brain cerebral cortical slices to norepinephrine were measured in vitro
      after the rats received i.p. injections of reserpine (1 mg/kg). Subsensitivity
      was evident 1 hour after a single reserpine treatment compared with saline
      controls. However, if reserpine was injected daily for 4 days followed by 1 day
      without reserpine treatment, a supersensitive response to NE was shown compared
      to the controls. Mean pD2 values are presented to illustrate the shifts of the
      dose-response curves after reserpine treatment. The present work demonstrated the
      induction of noradrenergic sub- and supersensitivity to norepinephrine in rat
      cerebral cortical slices after acute and 4-day reserpine treatment, respectively.

PMID- 173829
TI  - Effect of ethanol on the water permeability and short-circuit current of the
      urinary bladder of the toad and the response to vasopressin, adenosine-3',5'
      monophosphate and theophylline.
AB  - The effects of ethanol on the water permeability and short-circuit current of the
      isolated urinary bladder of the toad, Bufo marinus, were investigated. Ethanol
      alone did not alter the flow of water along an osmotic gradient. The increase in
      osmotic water flow caused by vasopressin, theophylline or cyclic adenosine-3',5'
      monophosphate was inhibited by 4 to 40 mg per ml of ethanol in the mucosal or
      serosal bathing medium. The inhibition was more marked when ethanol was added to
      the serosal bathing medium, in spite of the increase in the osmotic gradient
      across the toad bladder caused by the ethanol. Ethanol had no effect on the
      increase in sodium transport (short-circuit current) due to vasopressin, although
      there was a significant inhibition of base-line short-circuit current. It is
      possible that the water diuresis due to ethanol may result in part from an
      inhibition of the effect of vasopressin on the collecting duct.

PMID- 173830
TI  - Effect of synaptic transmission blockade on morphine action in the guinea-pig
      myenteric plexus.
AB  - Morphine, which inhibits release of acetylcholine from neurons in the myenteric
      plexus, also inhibits the spontaneous electrical activity of some myenteric
      neurons. To determine whether morphine acts at a site presynaptic to these
      neurons, we investigated this morphine effect under conditions of synaptic
      transmission blockade. Synaptically driven action potentials evoked by point
      stimulation were recorded extracellularly, and it was shown that all synaptic
      responses were eliminated or greatly reduced in Ca-free, high-Mg Ringer's with
      ethylenebis [(oxyethylenenitrilo)]-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), suggesting that
      synaptic transmission was blocked. Under these conditions, the ability of
      morphine to inhibit spontaneous electrical activity was virtually unimpaired.
      Assuming a single locus of narcotic action in the myenteric plexus, it is
      unlikely, therefore, that the primary action of opiates is to stimulate release
      of an inhibitory transmitter, to prevent release of an excitatory transmitter or
      to block the postsynaptic receptor for an excitatory transmitter. Rather, opiates
      may raise the membrane threshold of a class of neurons. Electric field
      stimulation activates myenteric neurons, resulting in a morphine-sensitive
      release of acetylcholine and a contraction of the longitudinal muscle. The
      ability of field stimulation to induce contractions and of morphine to inhibit
      these contractions, was virtually unchanged when the only two known excitatory
      inputs to the cholinergic motor neuron were eliminated by receptor blockade.
      These observations, taken together, suggest that opiates act directly on the
      cholinergic motor neuron of the myenteric plexus.

PMID- 173831
TI  - Proceedings: Micro-electrophoretic study of cat dorsal horn neurones activated by
      noxious stimuli.

PMID- 173832
TI  - Proceedings: Functional coupling between nerve terminals in teeth.

PMID- 173833
TI  - Effects of external ions on the synaptic transmission from photorecptors to
      horizontal cells in the carp retina.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recordings were made from cones and horizontal cells of the
      isolated carp retina and the mechanisms of synaptic transmission from cones of
      horizontal cells were studied by changing the ionic composition of the external
      medium. 2. Cones were depolarized and their light responses enhanced in low Ca
      high-Mg medium. In the same medium, in which chemical transmission is suposed to
      be blocked, horizontal cells were hyperpolarized and their light responses
      disappeared. 3. When the synaptic input was removed, the membrane potential of
      horizontal cells agreed well with Ek. 4. In Na-free medium both cones and
      horizontal cells were hyperpolarized and response disappeared. On reaplication of
      normal Ringer, horizontal cells showed a trenaient membrane potential reversal
      (inside positive), indicating that the horizontal cell has a high Na permeability
      under the influence of the endogenous transmitter. 5. Application of La produced
      little change in cones, while it strongly depolarized horizontal cells...

PMID- 173834
TI  - Proceedings: The role of the locus coeruleus in the acquisition of a conditioned
      avoidance response.

PMID- 173835
TI  - Proceedings: ACTH and the induction of parturition in sheep.

PMID- 173836
TI  - Neurotrophic regulation of dynamic properties of skeletal muscle: effects of
      botulinum toxin and denervation.
AB  - In order to determine the role of acetylcholine (ACh) transmission in
      neurotrophic regulation of dynamic properties of muscle, the effects of botulinum
      toxin treatment were compared with those of denervation. The extensor digitorum
      longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of rats were either denervated or injected with
      botulinum toxin. At times up to 25 days the isometric properties of these muscles
      were determined. 2. Both botulinum treatment and denervation produced progressive
      slowing of the time to peak of the twitch (TPT) and half-relaxation time of the
      twitch (1/2 RT), which was more pronounced in the EDL than in the soleus. 3. Both
      treatments produced slowing of the relaxation curve following tetanic
      contraction, more marked in the EDL than in the soleus muscle. This indicates a
      slowing of relaxation, and suggests a prolongation of the active state of the
      muscle. 4. The maximum rate of rise of the tetanus did not change significantly
      in the EDL and soleus muscles after botulinum treatment or denervation. This
      suggests that there is no major change in the speed of contraction under
      conditions of botulinum treatment or denervation. 5. The changes produced by
      botulinum treatment and denervation were virtually identical in all parameters
      tested. This is interpreted meaning that cholinergic transmission (including
      muscle usage), or some other factor closely related to cholinergic transmission,
      accounts for the motor nerve's trophic influence in maintaining these dynamic
      properties of skeletal muscles.

PMID- 173838
TI  - [Cerebral renin-like activity in different functional conditions (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Using the Boucher micromethod of determining renin activity in the frontoparietal
      cortex, brain stem, hypothalamus, hypophysis, and epiphysis rat tissue in
      different functional conditions, we have observed the following: 1 In rats
      previously treated with an I. V., injection of 1-1.5 ml 10% NaCl, an increase of
      renin-like activity was found in the cerebral cortex, brain stem and
      hypothalamus, whereas in the grandular tissue there was a significant decrease...

PMID- 173839
TI  - The moon, weather and mental hospital contacts: confirmation and explanation of
      the Transylvania effect.

PMID- 173837
TI  - The mechanisms of action of chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid as insulin
      secretagogue: fluxes of calcium, sodium and rubidium in islets exposed to
      mercurial and a membrane-active antagonist.
AB  - Chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid (CMBS) is known to markedly stimulate
      insulin release and to enhance formation of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP) and monovalent cation permeability in the pancreatic islet cells.
      The effects on insulin release and cyclic AMP can be inhibited with 4-acetamido
      4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (SITS). To elucidate the role of
      cationic fluxes in CMBS- induced insulin release, uptake of 22Na+ and 45Ca2+ as
      well as efflux of 86Rb+ were studied in islets exposed to 0-1 mM CMBS or 1-0 mM
      SITS or both. 2. The enhancing effect of CMBS on Na+ permeability, and probably
      also that on Rb+ permeability, was inhibited by SITS. 3. CMBS stimulated the rate
      of 45Ca2+ uptakes when the islets were incubated in a poly-anionic bicarbonate
      buffer but not when they were incubated in Tris buffer containing only Cl- as
      anion. In bicarbonate buffer, the enhancement of 45Ca2+ flux was observed both
      with the lanthanum method for measuring intracellular 45Ca2+ uptake and with a
      method estimating the total islet uptake. SITS had no significant effect on the
      CMBS-induced 45Ca2+ uptake. 4. Chromatography on Sephadex G-15 did not reveal any
      significant chemical interaction between 0-1 mM CMBS and 1 mM SITS. 5. The
      following hypothesis for the recognition of CMBS as insulin secretagogue is
      suggested: by increasing Na+ permeability more than K+ permeability, CMBS
      depolarizes the beta-cell, leading to initiation of insulin release by an ionic
      mechanism which may or may not involve a change in transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes. The
      marked intensity of the secretory response is due to the fact that CMBS also
      enhances cyclic AMP formation, potentiating the effect of the ionic mechanisms on
      the insulin discharge apparatus.

PMID- 173840
TI  - Nurses can be effective behavior modifiers.

PMID- 173841
TI  - Trust restored through group action.

PMID- 173843
TI  - Nurses violate their patient's rights.

PMID- 173842
TI  - Mental health services in the developing countries. WHO Expert Committee on
      Mental Health.

PMID- 173844
TI  - Tropical cirrhosis and hepatoma.

PMID- 173845
TI  - Steroid production by the isolated rabbit ovarian follicle.
AB  - Graafian follicles from New Zealand white rabbits were incubated at 37 degrees C
      for various periods of time with air as the gas phase. Media were changed every
      15 min and stored at -15 degrees C until analysed for progestins, 17 beta
      hydroxyandrogens and oestrogens using established radioimmunoassay procedures. At
      fixed times after the start of the incubations, media containing various test
      substances were added with subsequent replacement by medium alone. Addition of 5
      mug LH/ml for 1 sec caused a dramatic increase in the synthesis and secretion of
      androgen with lesser increases in progestin and oestrogen. Puromycin and
      cycloheximide but not actinomycin D, inhibited LH-induced steroidogenesis. Cycli
      AMP, dibutyryl cycli AMP, cyclic CMP, 5'-AMP, and theophylline also caused an
      increase in androgen production which rapidly ceased when media without
      nucleotides were added. Sodium fluoride had no effect on steroidogenesis. From
      these data it was concluded that (i) the rabbit follicle is the major source of
      ovarian androgen; (ii) the binding of LH to the follicular cells is a rapid
      process; (iii) the events following LH binding do not require the presence of LH
      in the medium; (iv) cyclic nucleotides which may act as second messengers also
      stimulate steroidogenesis; (v) the effects of LH and cyclic nucleotides on
      steroidogenesis are different; and (vi) the action of LH on follicular
      steroidogenesis probably occurs in the translational level.

PMID- 173847
TI  - Coital exanthema in stallions.
AB  - Equine coital exanthema can be produced experimentally in stallions by
      inoculation with an equine herpesvirus (strain 65/61) and be transmitted during
      coitus with an infected mare. Serological responses to this infection include the
      production of complement-fixing and serum-neutralizing antibodies which reach
      maximum levels 14 to 21 days after infection. Complement-fixing antibodies
      decline rapidly and are usually not detectable by 60 days after infection,
      whereas serum-neutralizing antibody activity is maintained for at least 1 year.
      This disparity provides a useful method for the diagnosis of recent infections
      and estimation of the temporal incidence of infection in groups of mares. It
      seems likely that clinically normal carrier mares spread the virus on studs where
      the disease has previously not occurred.

PMID- 173846
TI  - The sheep ovary: regulation of steroidogenic, haemodynamic and structural changes
      in the largest follicle and adjacent tissue before ovulation.
AB  - Important changes occur in the follicle that is destined to ovulate and also in
      the surrounding ovarian tissue of sheep during the 72 hr preceding ovulation. It
      is our purpose to describe the morphological and functional changes that take
      place in large follicles during the preovulatory period and to relate these to
      the local ovarian environment and general endocrine status prevailing at this
      time. A consideration of changes in the structure, blood supply and function of
      the ovaries in vivo, is followed by a discussion of the functional capacity of
      the individual ovarian components when isolated and studied in vitro. Against
      this background, the nature and sequence of events that occur in the preovulatory
      follicle and the mechanisms which regulate them will be discussed.

PMID- 173848
TI  - Morphology and histochemistry of the endometrial cup.
AB  - The luminal and cut surface of endometrial cups were examined by scanning
      electron microscopy. The distribution of PAS-positive and lipid materials in cup
      tissue was studied and most of the lipid material was localized in the large
      polyhedral cup cells. The lipid droplets gave positive reactions for DNPH in the
      cholesterol test of Schultz. They also exhibited autofluorescence and were
      therefore considered to be steroidal in nature. The significance of this
      possibility, particularly with regard to maintenance of early pregnancy in the
      mare, is discussed.

PMID- 173849
TI  - Experimental studies on equine herpesvirus type 1 infections.
AB  - The EHV-1 viruses of fetal origin grew better and had a wider tissue culture host
      range than those isolated from horses with respiratory diseases. Comparisons of a
      fetal isolate (F/304) and a respiratory disease isolate (R/NM-3) in partly immune
      horses showed that the F/304 virus infected horses more readily, grew better in
      the nasopharynx, was more likely to cause abortion, and was excreted to a greater
      extent into the environment.

PMID- 173850
TI  - The renin-angiotensin system in pregnancy.

PMID- 173851
TI  - Specificity in enzyme inhibition. 3. Synthesis of 5-substituted 2,2-dimethyl-4
      imidazolidinones as inhibitors of tyrosine decarboxylase and histidine
      decarboxylase.
AB  - 2,2-Dimethyl-4-imidazolidinone derivatives of the alpha-amino acids DL
      phenylglycine (1), DL-phenylalanine (2), L-tyrosine (3), L-histidine (4), and L
      tryptophan (5) were prepared in order to assess their specificity in inhibiting
      amino acid decarboxylases. Treatment of th alpha-aminonitriles with acetone in
      the presence of base and heat or treatment of the alpha-amino amides with acetone
      gave the title compounds in 48-85% yield. The compounds afforded moderate ability
      to inhibit the decarboxylation of L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, or L-histidine in
      vitro, using crude enzymes. 3 was a better inhibitor of tyrosine decarboxylase
      (S. faecalis) than 2. 4 and 5 were comparable to 3 in inhibiting tyrosine
      decarboxylase. 4 was more selective in inhibiting purified histidine
      decarboxylase (Cl. welchii) than 5, which was inactive. 4 was inactive against
      fetal rat histidine decarboxylase in vitro.

PMID- 173852
TI  - Cancer in children.

PMID- 173853
TI  - On the interpretation of small-angle x-ray solution scattering from spherical
      viruses.

PMID- 173855
TI  - A T1 ribonuclease fragment present in 18 S ribosomal RNA of Novikoff rat ascites
      hepatoma cells and absent from 18 S ribosomal RNA of HeLa cells.

PMID- 173854
TI  - Restriction and modification of a self-complementary octanucleotide containing
      the EcoRI substrate.

PMID- 173856
TI  - Biochemical study of cardiac valvular tissue. The isolation of glycoproteins and
      proteoglycans from salt-insoluble materials of bovine heart valve.

PMID- 173857
TI  - Papaverine blockade of an inward slow Ca2+ current in guinea pig heart.

PMID- 173860
TI  - Influence of riboflavin on disturbances in trytophan metabolism and hepatoma
      production after a single dose of aflatoxin B1.
AB  - Female Wistar rats were given a single oral dose of aflatoxin B1, either alone or
      with a large amount of riboflavin. Biochemical and histologic studies were
      performed for 30 months. Nine animals of 19 in the aflatoxin-treated group and
      only 5 of 18 in the riboflavin-aflatoxin-treated group developed hepatomas. The
      number of rats was insufficient for tests of statistical significance to be
      fruitful. Urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites was studied in aflatoxin-
      and riboflavin-treated rats after an oral administration of 10 mg tryptophan/100
      g rat. Riboflavin did not affect the percentage of aflatoxin-treated animals with
      abnormal urinary excretion patterns, but did increase the magnitude of the
      disturbances in elimination of kynurenic and xanthurenic acids. The hepatic
      tryptophan-oxygenase activity was increased only in the two groups given
      riboflavin, and the levels of nucleic acids were the same in all groups.

PMID- 173859
TI  - Letter: Species-specific effects and the evolutionary clock: a reply to Penny.

PMID- 173858
TI  - Deviations from compositional randomness in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins:
      the hypothesis of selective-stochastic stability and a principle of charge
      conservation.
AB  - Eight proteins of diverse lengths, functions, and origin, are examined for
      compositional non-randomness amino acid by amino acid. The proteins investigated
      are human fibrinopeptide A, guinea pig Insulin, rattlesnake cytochrome c, MS2
      phage coat protein, rabbit triosephosphate isomerase, bovine pancreatic
      deoxyribonuclease A, bovine glutamate dehydrogenase, and Bacillus
      thermoproteolyticus thermolysin. As a result of this study the experimentally
      testable hypothesis is put forth that for a large class of proteins the ratio of
      that fraction of the molecule which exhibits compositional non-randomness to that
      fraction which does not is on the average, stable about a mean value (estimated
      as 0.32 plus or minus 0.17) and (nearly) independent of protein length.
      Stochastic and selective evolutionary forces are viewed as interacting rather
      than independent phenomena. With respect to amino acid composition, this coupling
      ameliorates the current controversy over Darwinian vs. non-Darwinian evolution,
      selectionist vs. neutralist, in favor of neither: Within the context of the
      quantitative data, the evolution of real proteins is seen as a compromise between
      the two viewpoints, both important. The compositional fluctuations of the
      electrically charged amino acids glutamic and aspartic acid, lysine and arginine,
      are examined in depth for over eighty protein families, both prokaryotic and
      eukaryotic. For both taxa, each of the acidic amino acids is present in amounts
      roughly twice that predicted from the genetic code. The presence of an excess of
      glutamic acid is independent of the presence of an excess of aspartic acid and
      vice versa.

PMID- 173862
TI  - Response of C3H-AvyfB female mice to a low oncogenic, milk-borne mammary tumor
      virus.
AB  - When low oncogenic milk-borne mammary tumor virus (MTV) of strain DD was tested
      in C3H-AvyfB mice, as compared with the similar strain C3HfB, mammary tumors
      occurred with a higher incidence and at lower age in C3H-AvyfBfDD (with DD-MTV)
      than in C3HfBfDD (with DD-MTV), as observed in virgin females. Since the effect
      of breeding tended to mask any difference between the breeders, mammary tumor
      incidences were similar with a slightly higher age at tumor occurrence in the C3H
      AvyfBfDD females. Thus the C3H-AvyfB virgins (with the Avy gene) were almost as
      susceptible to mammary tumors with the less potent DD-MTV as were C3HfB virgins
      with the more virulent C3H-MTV of strain C3H.

PMID- 173861
TI  - Cell populations and known surface antigens of tumors induced by Abelson virus in
      pristane-primed BALB/c mice: an analysis by immunoelectron microscopy;.
AB  - When Abelson murine leukemia virus (MuLV-A) was inoculated into pristane-primed
      BALB/c mice, either plasmacytomas (PCT), lymphosarcomas, or their mixed form was
      induced with a shorter latent period than that for PCT induction in mice treated
      with pristane alone. All 3 neoplasms were designated Abelson's tumors. The
      morphology of the induced malignant cells and the presence of known surface
      antigens were analyzed by electron microscopy. The cell surface antigens (CSA)
      examined were PC1, X.1, Gross (GCSA), and Moloney (MCSA); viral envelope antigens
      (VEA) were xVEA, x1-VEA, sub-gsVEA, and MVEA. MuLV-A-pristane-induced PCT cells
      produced markedly fewer intracisternal type-A particles than did mineral oil
      induced PCT cells. Most, if not all, mineral oil-induced PCT cells carried PC1
      antigen and produced many extracellular type-C viruses carrying xVEA and x1-VEA,
      whereas Abelson's tumor cells had both a lower incidence and a smaller amount of
      PC1 and X.1 antigens and xVEA+ virus and lacked x1-VEA+ virus. In addition, most
      Abelson's tumors and their type-C viruses did not carry MCSA and MVEA ro GCSA and
      sub-gsVEA. All the macrophages in the PC1+ Abelson's tumors and many macrophages
      in PC1-Abelson's tumors contained various amounts of PC1 on their cell surfaces.
      For these reasons, Abelson's tumors were clearly distinct from pristane- or
      mineral oil-induced BALB/c PCT and from M-MuLV- ro G-MuLV-induced tumors.

PMID- 173864
TI  - Attenuation of herpesvirus saimiri for marmosets after successive passage in cell
      culture at 39 degrees C.
AB  - A variant of Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) stably attenuated for marmosets was
      isolated after serial passage of wild-type HVS in cell culture at 39 degrees C.
      Marmosets previously inoculated with attenuated virus experienced a significant
      delay in the development of lymphoma when challenged with wild-type HVS.

PMID- 173863
TI  - Type-C RNA viruses of the NIH nude mouse.
AB  - Several types of tumors from various species were propagated in NIH athymic nude
      mice. Subsequently, cell lines were established from the tumors and examined for
      evidence of type-C virus activity. Hybrid mice (NIH Swiss and BALB/c) harbored
      murine type-C viruses of three categories: N-tropic, B-tropic and X-tropic.

PMID- 173865
TI  - Tumor regression caused by endotoxins and mycobacterial fractions.
AB  - A transplantable hepatocarcinoma of guinea pigs was used as an experimental model
      for immunotherapy of cancer. Earlier work showed that complete regression of 6-
      to 7-day-old tumors could be obtained in about 60% of cases by inoculation of the
      tumors with live BCG or certain fractions of BCG attached to minute oil droplets
      and suspended in Tween-saline. One of the most essential fractions was P3, a
      nonsensitizing, nonantigenic trehalose mycolate related to, but not identical
      with, cord factor. We now report that oil-droplet preparations containing P3 and
      bacterial endotoxin (ET) produced cure rates of up to 90% in the same system. In
      addition, regression was faster than with BCG, and older tumors could be treated
      successfully. The most effective ET's were from rough strains of salmonellae,
      known as Re mutants, which could not synthesize and attach the polysaccharide
      portion of endotoxin.

PMID- 173866
TI  - Quantitative cloning of malignant human glioma cells by conditioned medium.
AB  - The use of conditioned medium (CM) obtained from monolayer cultures of human
      glioma cells induced colony formation from single glioma cells in culture. In
      contrast, no colonies were observed in cultures incubated with nonconditioned
      standard Eagle's basal medium. The number of colonies formed closely depended on
      the concentration of CM. The  glioma CM not only stimulated colony formation but
      also induced the formation of fibrillary cell extensions. Culture conditions
      influencing the production of colony-stimulating factors included cell density
      and duration of culture medium contact with glioma cells. The colony-stimulating
      activity (CSA) was stable after freezing and thawing, but decreased 30-40% when
      CM was exposed to temperatures over 66 degrees C for 30 minutes. In addition, the
      CSA was filtratable (0.45 mu), dialyzable, and passable through an Amicon PM10
      filter, which indicated a molecular weight less than 10,000. The use of CM
      provided an improved method for quantitative assays of neural tumor cells, based
      on their colony formation in culture.

PMID- 173867
TI  - In vitro evaluation of cell-mediated immunity to Epstein-Barr herpesvirus by cell
      migration inhibition tests.
AB  - Migration of peripheral leukocytes in samples from sensitized [Epstein-Barr virus
      (EBV) antibody-positive] humans was greatly inhibited when challenged by antigen
      prepared from EBV-producing P3HR-1 cells but not by antigen prepared from EBV
      nonproducing RAJI cells, EBV-negative human fibroblasts, or epithelial cells.
      Such inhibition was not observed when peripheral leuocytes from subjects or
      neonates not sensitized to EBV were challenged. Similar results were obtained in
      a two-stage test when the same leukocyte samples were challenged in vitro by
      antigen prepared from P3HR-1 cells and the cell-free supernatant was assayed for
      migration inhibition factor (MIF) in the guinea pig macrophage migration
      inhibition test; migration of guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells was greatly
      inhibited by the supernatant filtrates of leukocyte cultures only from subjects
      positive for EBV-antibody. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect was not observed
      if supernatant filtrates from leukocyte cultures challenged by antigens prepared
      from RAJI cells, fibroblasts, or epithelial cells were used. The EBV antigen
      transformed peripheral leukocytes and induced early antigen production in RAJI
      cells; however, a "killed" preparation (by UV irradiation) was sufficient for
      eliciting MIF production.

PMID- 173868
TI  - Natural and experimentally induced antibodies to defined mammalian type-C virus
      proteins in primates.
AB  - Using sensitive radiommunoprecipitation assays for highly purified type-C RNA
      tumor virus proteins, we found that 5 of 16 clinically normal gibbons (including
      4 of 5 normal animals from a colony with 2 cases of lymphoma) and 4 of 4
      experimentally inoculated gibbons formed antibodies to the major structural
      protein (p30) of gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV). An additional woolly monkey
      immunized with the closely related simian sarcoma virus also formed antibodies
      detectable with GaLV p30. Of 20 patients immunized with formalin-inactivated
      Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV), 10 were previously reported to have
      antibodies to MuLV as determined by an internally labeled banded virus
      radioimmunoprecipitation assay. In comparison studies with purified R-MuLV
      proteins, 7 of 20 patients formed antibodies: 3/20 to R-MuLV p30 only, 1/20 to R
      MuLV glycoprotein (gp) 70 only, and 3/20 to both p30 and gp70. Most responders
      were melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy with BCG. Additionally, rhesus
      monkeys produced antibodies to the endogenous cat virus RD114 and closely related
      endogenous baboon leukemia virus p30's. Thus these studies demonstrated the
      ability of primates (including humans) to form antibodies to well-characterized
      proteins from endogenous and exogenous type-C viruses and the potential utility
      of these assays for seroepidemiologic studies.

PMID- 173869
TI  - Induction of liver tumor in Sherman strain female rats by polychlorinated
      biphenyl aroclor 1260.
AB  - Sherman strain female rats (200) were fed 100 ppm of polychlorinated biphenyl
      (Aroclor 1260) for apporximately 21 months, and 200 female rats were kept as
      controls. The rats were killed when 23 months old. Twenty-six of 184 experimental
      animals and 1 of 173 controls had hepatocellular carcinomas. None of the controls
      but 146 of 184 experimental rats had neoplastic nodules in their livers, and
      areas of hepatocellular alteration were noted in 28 of 173 controls and 182 of
      184 experimental animals. Thus the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1260, when
      fed in the diet, had a hepatocarcinogenic effect in these rats. The incidence of
      tumors in other organs did not differ appreciably between the experimental and
      control groups.

PMID- 173870
TI  - Intracisternal A and C particles in mouse neurons: a thin-section study of normal
      trigeminal ganglion and C1300 neuroblastoma.
AB  - Trigerminal ganglia of 4 adult albino mice of the NMRI outbred stock were
      examined by electron microscopy. In all animals, about 10% of the neurons
      contained intracisternal A particles. Isolated structures resembling
      intracisternal A particles could be detected in atleast 50% of the nerve cells
      and in a few Schwann cells. Budding at the cell surface and/or extracellular type
      C particles were not observed. An intracerebrally transplanted mouse C1300
      neuroblastoma was likewise studied. Most tumor cells exhibited large numbers of
      intracisternal A particles having the same ultrastructure as the particles in
      trigeminal neurons. In addition, budding and extracellular type-C particles were
      occasionally observed.

PMID- 173871
TI  - Post-traumatic blood lipid changes and fat embolism. Relation of post-traumatic
      blood lipid changes and fat embolism syndrome.
AB  - Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and lipoprotein levels were
      studied by electrophoresis in 43 trauma patients with multiple fractures of the
      lower extremities and pelvis. Ten healthy volunteers were used for control
      studies. The fat embolism syndrome was diagnosed in eight of the 43 patients. The
      lipid values of all the trauma patients were lower than the control values. A
      decrease in cholesterol and phospholipids was observed in the fat embolism
      patients during 4 days; these changes were not observed in the other  trauma
      patients. The triglycerides of all the trauma patients increased slowly over a
      period of 4 days. Changes in the lipoprotein fractions after the trauma were
      minor. An early increase in the alpha1 lipbrotein fraction was noted in the fat
      embolism patients simultaneously with a decrease in the pre-beta lipoprotein
      fraction; the values of the other trauma patients were at the control levels.
      Normalization was observed in 6 hours. The lipid concentrations of plasma and
      serum did not change with filtration with 1.2, 5, and 8mum Millipore filters. No
      differences were noted between the femoral and cubital vein samples.

PMID- 173872
TI  - The acute carpal tunnel syndrome: nine case reports.
AB  - Nine cases of acute carpal tunnel syndrome are reported. Etiologies include:
      bleeding secondary to chronic lymphatic leukemia; Colles' fracture of the wrist
      (2 cases); Epiphyseal fracture (Salter II) of the distal radius; Bleeding
      secondary to giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath; Unstable distal radio-ulnar
      joint; Displaced intra-articular fracture of the distal radius; Rheumatoid
      synovitis and vasculitis; Trans-scaphoid, perilunar fracture dislocation of the
      wrist. Early recognition of median nerve compression in the carpal tunnel is
      vital. The signs of median nerve compression should be looked for in all cases of
      wrist trauma. In our opinion, immediate surgical decompression is frequently
      indicated.

PMID- 173874
TI  - Ferritin in insect vectors of the maize streak disease agent: electron microscopy
      and electron microprobe analysis.

PMID- 173873
TI  - The effect of vinblastine on spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: evidence
      for two functional classes of cytoplasmic microtubules.

PMID- 173875
TI  - Inhibition of cellular protein synthesis by simultaneous pretreatment of host
      cells with fowl plague virus and actinomycin D: a method for studying early
      protein synthesis of several RNA viruses.
AB  - A method is described for analysis of viral protein synthesis early after
      infection when minute amounts of viral proteins are effectively concealed by
      large amounts of produced host-specific proteins. The method is superior to a
      radioimmune assay, since all virus-induced proteins can be measured independent
      of their immunological reactivity. Host-specific protein synthesis can be
      suppressed by infection with fowl plague virus. Addition of actinomycin C 1.25 h
      postinfection does not prevent this suppression, but it does block effectively
      the formation of fowl plague virus-specific proteins. Such cells synthesize only
      small amounts of cellular proteins, as revealed by polyacrylamide
      electrophoresis. They can be superinfected with several different enveloped
      viruses, however, without significant diminution of virus yeilds. In pretreated
      cells the eclipse is shortened for Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus, and
      vesicular stomatitis virus, but prolonged for Newcastle disease virus. The onset
      of protein synthesis, specific for the superinfecting virus, could be clearly
      demonstrated within 1 h after superinfection. At this time, in cells
      superinfected with Semliki Forest virus, great amounts of NSP 75 (nonstructural
      protein; molecular weight, 75 X 10(3)) and reduced amounts of the core protein C
      could be deomonstrated. The precursor glycoprotein NSP 68 is followed by a new
      polypeptide, NSP 65: three proteins with molecular weights exceeding 100 X 10(3)
      were observed which are missing later in the infectious cycle. Similar results
      were obtained after superinfection with Sindbis virus. The formation of a new
      polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 80 X 10(3) was detected. After
      superinfection with vesicular stomatis virus or Newcastle disease virus the
      formation of new proteins, characteristic for the early stage of infeciton, was
      not observed.

PMID- 173876
TI  - Ribonucleotide sequence homology among avian oncornaviruses.
AB  - RNA sequence relatedness among avian RNA tumor virus genomes was analyzed by
      inhibition of DNA-RNA hybrid formation between 3H-labeled 35S viral RNA and an
      excess of leukemic or normal chicken cell DNA with increasing concentrations of
      unlabeled 35S viral RNA. The avian viruses tested were Rous associated virus
      (RAV)-3, avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), RAV-60, RAV-61, and B-77 sarcoma
      virus. Hybridization of 3H-labeled 35S AMV RNA with DNA from normal chicken cells
      was inhibited by unlabeled 35S RAV-0 RNA as effeciently (100%) as by unlabeled
      AMV RNA. Hybridization between 3H-labeled 35S AMV RNA and DNA from leukemic
      chicken myeloblasts induced by AMV was suppressed 100 and 68% by unlabeled 35S
      RNA from AMV and RAV-0, respectively. Hybridization between 3H-labeled RAV-0 and
      leukemic chicken myeloblast DNA was inhibited 100 and 67% by unlabeled 35S RNA
      from RAV-0 and AMV, respectively. It appears therefore that the AMV and RAV-0
      genomes are 67 to 70% homologous and that AMV hybridizes to RAV-0 like sequences
      in normal chicken DNA. Hybridization between AMV RNA and leukemic chicken DNA was
      inhibited 40% by RNA from RAV-60 or RAV-61 and 50% by B-77 RNA. Hybridization
      between RAV-0 RNA and leukemic chicken DNA was inhibited 80% by RAV-60 or RAV-61
      and 70% by B-77 RNA. Hybridization between 3H-labeled 35S RNA from RAV-60 or RAV
      61 and leukemic chicken myeloblast DNA was reduced equally by RNA from RAV-60,
      RAV-61, AMV or RAV-0; this suggests that RNA from RAV-60 and RAV-61 hybridizes
      with virus-specific sequences in leukemic DNA which are shared by AMV, RAV-0, RAV
      60, and RAV-61 RNA'S. Hybridization between 3H-labeled 35S RNA from RAV-61 and
      normal pheasant DNA was inhibited 100% by homologous viral RNA, 22 TO 26% BY RNA
      from AMV or RAV-0, and 30 to 33% by RNA from RAV-60 or B-77. Nearly complete
      inhibition of hybricization between RAV-0 RNA and leukemic chicken DNA by a
      mixture of AMV and B-77 35S RNAs indicates that the RNA sequences shared by B-77
      virus and RAV-0. It appears that different avian RNA tumor virus genomes have
      from 50 to 80% homology in nucleotide sequences and that the degree of
      hybridization between normal chicken cell DNA and a given viral RNA can be
      predicted from the homology that exists between the viral RNA tested and RAV-0
      RNA.

PMID- 173877
TI  - Origin of the polyoma virus-associated endonuclease.
AB  - Endonuclease activity can be found associated with highly purified preparations
      of polyoma virus. Evidence has been obtained that this enzyme is not an integral
      part of the virus but is contributed by the fetal calf serum used in maintenance
      of polyoma-infected cells. This finding is based on: (i) the lack of virion
      associated endonuclease activity when virus is produced using serum-free media
      and (ii) the production of polyoma antibody which neutralizes fetal calf serum
      endonuclease activity.

PMID- 173878
TI  - Reactivity of avian RNA tumor viruses with lectins.
AB  - The infectivity of avian RNA tumor viruses was inactivated to varying degrees by
      treatment with either concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohemagglutinin but not by
      treatment with wheat germ agglutinin. In general, leukosis viruses reacted
      preferentially with Con A, whereas sarcoma viruses showed more affinity for
      phytohemagglutinin. In a more extensive study with subgroup A of Prague Rous
      sarcoma virus (PR-A), the effect of inactivation by Con A could be specifically
      prevented by the addition of alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside,
      and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. These sugars were also capable of eluting
      [3H]glucosamine-labeled material from disrupted PR-A virus, which was bound to a
      Con A-sepharose affinity column. A major viral glycoprotein recovered from the
      column had the same mobility as gp85 in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      could be immunoprecipitated with anti-gp85 antiserum. These results suggest that
      the material reacting with Con A is present on the gp85 component of the viral
      glycoprotein. The diversity in the reactivity of the glycoproteins of
      transforming and nontransforming viruses with plant lectins is discussed.

PMID- 173879
TI  - 5' nucleotide sequence of sindbis viral RNA.
AB  - The 5' sequence of Sindbis viral RNA is m (7)G(5') pppApUpGp...

PMID- 173881
TI  - Kinetics of cell fusion induced by a syncytia-producing mutant of herpes simplex
      virus type I.
AB  - We have isolated a number of plaque-morphology mutants from a strain of herpes
      simplex virus type I which, unlike the wild type, cause extensive cell fusion
      during a productive viral infection. After the onset of fusion, there is an
      exponential decrease in the number of single cells as a function of time after
      infection. At a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 3.8 plaque-forming units per
      cell, fusion begins 5.3 h after infection with the number of single cells
      decreasing to 10% of the original number 10.2 h after infection. As the MOI is
      gradually increased from 0.4 to 8, the onset of fusion occurs earlier during
      infection. However, when the MOI is increased from 8 to 86, the onset of fusion
      does not occur any earlier. The rate of fusion is independent of the MOI for an
      MOI greater than 1. The rate of fusion varies linearly with initial cell density
      up to 3.5 X 10(4) cells/cm2 and is independent of initial cell density at higher
      cell concentrations. To assay cell fusion we have developed a smiple quantitative
      assay using a Coulter counter to measure the number of single cells as a function
      of time after infection. Data obtained using a Coulter counter are similar to
      those obtained with a microscope assay.

PMID- 173880
TI  - Comparison of an avian osteopetrosis virus with an avian lymphomatosis virus by
      RNA-DNA hybridization.
AB  - Myeloblastosis-associated virus (MAV)-2(0), a virus which was derived from avian
      myeloblastosis virus and induced a high incidence of osteopetrosis, was compared
      with avian lymphomatosis virus 5938, a recent field isolate which induced a high
      incidence of lymphomatosis. The following information was obtained. (i) MAV-2(0)
      induced osteopetrosis, nephroblastoma, and a very low incidence of hepatocellular
      carcinoma. No difference was seen in the oncogenic spectrum of end point and
      plaque-purified MAV-2(0). (ii) 125I-labeled RNA sequences from MAV-2(0) formed
      hybrids with DNA extracted from osteopetrotic bone at a rate suggesting five
      proviral copies per haploid cell genome. The extent of hybridization of MAV-2(0)
      RNA with DNA from osteopetrotic tissue was more extensive (87%) than was observed
      in reactions with DNA from uninfected chicken embryos (52%). (iii) Competition of
      unlabeled viral RNA in hybridization reactions between the radioactive RNA from
      the two viruses and their respective proviral sequences present in tumor tissues
      showed that 15 to 20% of the viral sequences detected in these reactions were
      unshared. In contrast, no differences were detected in competition analyses of
      RNA sequences from the two viruses detected in DNA of normal chicken cells. (iv)
      MAV-2(0) 35S RNA was indistinguishable in size from avian lymphomatosis virus
      5938 35S RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 173883
TI  - Strand-specific transcription of polyoma virus DNA-early in productive infection
      and in transformed cells.
AB  - The DNA strand origin of nuclear and cytoplasmic polyoma-specific RNA in
      productively infected mouse cells and in a line of polyoma-transformed hamster
      cells was determined by hybridization of unlabeled RNA with radioactively labeled
      separated strands of polyoma DNA. Early in the productive cycle (10 h
      postinfection) nuclear viral RNA is complementary to only about 40% of the E
      strand of viral CNA. No RNA complementary to the L strand was detected even when
      the RNA was first self-annealed to enrich for possible minor species. Early
      cytoplasmic RNA is complementary to the same 40% of the E strand. Thus, only that
      part of the poloma genome which codes for early virual messenger RNA appears to
      be transcribed. Late in infection, nuclear viral RNA is complementary to most or
      all of the L strand and to at least 60% of the E strand. Late cytoplasmic viral
      RNA hybridizes to 40 to 45% of the E strand and 50 to 55% of the L strand. The
      transformed cell nuclear viral RNA is complementary to 60% of the E strand,
      whereas cytoplasmic RNA is complementary to 40% of the E strand and comprises the
      same polyoma-specific sequences as are found in RNA early in productive
      infection. No L strand transcripts could be detected. Thus, in the transformed
      cells and late in productive infection, viral RNA sequences in the cytoplasm are
      a specific subset of those in the nucleus.

PMID- 173882
TI  - Interferon treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: effects on exogenous mRNA
      translation and tRNA inactivation in the cell extract.
AB  - We reported earlier that in cell extracts that were prepared from interferon
      treated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and preincubated and passed through Sephadex
      G-25 (S60INT), the translation of exogenous mRNA (viral and host) was impaired
      and the impairment could be overcome to a large extent by adding a crude tRNA
      preparation from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells but not from Escherichia coli. We
      find now that the rate of inactivation of some tRNA's (especially those specific
      for leucine, lysine, and serine) but not those of many others is faster in S30INT
      than in corresponding extracts from control cells. This increased rate of tRNA
      inactivation may perhaps account for the need for added RNA to overcome at least
      partially the impairment of translation in S30INT. The relationship of the
      increased rate of tRNA inactivation to the antiviral effect of interferon is
      unclear. So far no significant difference has been detected in the amount of tRNA
      needed to overcome the impairment of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA translation
      in S30INT between tRNA from interferon-treated cells and tRNA from control cells.
      Futhermore, no difference was found in the rate of inactivation in S30INT between
      leucine-specific tRNA's from interferon-treated and from control cells. tRNA's
      specific for leucine and lysine were not inactivated (unless very slowly) during
      incubation under out conditions in an extract from interferon-treated (or from
      control) cells unless the extract had been passed through Sephadex G-25 or
      dialyzed. The translation fo exogenous mRNA was, however, impaired in an extract
      from interferon-treated cells that had not been passed through Sephadex G-25.
      This impairment was apparently not overcome by added tRNA.

PMID- 173884
TI  - Chromatin-like structures in polyoma virus and simian virus 10 lytic cycle.
AB  - Nucleoprotein complexes containing viral DNA and cellular histones were extracted
      from nuclei of permissive cells infected with polyoma virus or simian virus 40
      (SV40) and examined by electron microscopy. Polyoma and SV40 nucleoprotein
      complexes are almost identical. They appear as relaxed circular molecules
      consisting of 20 to 21 globular particles interconnected by thin filaments. Their
      contour length in 0.02 M salt is 2.7 times shorter than that of viral DNA form I
      obtained after dissociation of the proteins in 1 M NaCl. The nucleosomes have an
      average diameter of 12.5 nm. Each nucleosome contains 175 to 205 DNA base pairs
      condensed fivefold in length. The nucleosomes are regularly spaced on the
      circular molecule. The internucleosomal filaments are made of naked DNA, and each
      filament contains about 55 base pairs. The partial sensitivity of the
      nucleoprotein complex to cleavage by EcoR1 endonuclease suggests that the
      nucleosomes are not formed at specific sites on the viral genome. Faster
      sedimenting nucleoprotein complexes containing replicative intermediates were
      studied. Isopycnic centrifugation in metrizamide gradients in the absence of
      aldehyde fixation showed that these molecules conserved the same DNA-to-protein
      ratio as the form I DNA-containing complexes.

PMID- 173885
TI  - Orientation of the complementary strands of polyoma virus DNA with respect to the
      DNA physical map.
AB  - The chemical polarities of the two strands of polyoma virus DNA with respect to
      the DNA physical map have been determined by hybridization of restriction
      endonuclease fragments specifically labeled with [125I]dCMP at their 3' termini
      to asymmetric polyoma complementary RNA (the product of in vitro transcription of
      viral DNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase). The orientations of the polyoma
      specific stable RNA transcripts present in the cytoplasm of productively
      linfected mouse cells have been deduced from this result: the 5' ends of the
      early and late viral transcripts map very near the origin of viral DNA
      replication.

PMID- 173886
TI  - Growth of enveloped RNA viruses in a line of chinese hamster ovary cells with
      deficient N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity.
AB  - Sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses were grown in a line (termed 15B) of
      Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that is deficient in a specific UDP-N-acetyl
      glucosamine:glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. Both viruses replicated
      normally in the cell line, but the glycoproteins of the released virus migrated
      faster on sodium didecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels than did glycoproteins of
      virus grown in parent CHO cells. Digestion of the viral glycoproteins with
      Pronase followed by gel filtration demonstrated that the glycoproteins with
      Pronase followed by gel filtration demonstrated that the glycopeptides of Sinbis
      15B virus were much smaller than the glycopeptides of Sindbis-CHO virus. In
      addition, Sindbis-15B viral glycopeptides but not Sindbis-CHO viral glycopeptides
      contained terminal alpha-mannose residues as shown by their susceptibility to
      alpha-mannosidase digestion. These findings demonstrate that the oligosaccharide
      units of the glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis and Sinbis viruses are altered
      when the viruses are grown in 15B cells. We conclude that the N
      acetylglucosaminyltransferase that is missing in 15B cells normally participates
      in the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide units of the viral glycoproteins, and
      in the absence of this enzyme incomplete oligosaccharide chanis are produced.
      Viruses released from 15B cells appear to retain full infectivity; Sindbis-15B
      virus, however, showed a significant decrease in hemagglutination titer compared
      with that of Sindbis-CHO virus.

PMID- 173887
TI  - Transformation of hamster kidney cells by BK papovavirus DNA.
AB  - Supercoiled BK papovavirus DNA was shown to transform hamster kidney cells using
      the calcium phosphate co-precipitation technique. The transformed cells contained
      intranuclear T-antigen(s) and rescuable virus and produced progressively growing
      tumors when inoculated into hamsters. A novel finding was the production in tumor
      bearing animals of antinuclear antibody, which reacted against normal,
      untransformed cells; in addition, tumor serum contained antibody against virus
      specific T-antigen(s).

PMID- 173888
TI  - Studies on morphological transformation of BALB/3T3-derived clones by murine
      leukemia virus.
AB  - We have described a cell line, UC1-B, derived spontaneously from BALB/3T3 mouse
      embryo cells, which, unlike the standard BALB/3T3, are morphologically
      transformed and produce bizarre viral forms in response to murine leukemia virus.
      Although UC1-B and BALB/3T3 are morphologically similar, and both form contact
      inhibited monolayers at confluence, the UC1-B cells are partially transformed
      because: they grow to a slightly higher saturation density than 3T3 cells, they
      grow in medium lacking serum growth factors, and they produce tumors in mice.
      Another clone, 12A-3, derived from BALB/3T3, also transforms and produces bizarre
      viral forms after infection with murine leukemia virus. Unlike UC1-B cells, the
      12A3-8 cells are identical in growth properties to BALB/3T3; therefore, a
      partially altered morphology is not required for the induction of transformation
      by murine leukemia virus.

PMID- 173890
TI  - Differential inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus polypeptide synthesis by
      hypertonic initiation block.
AB  - Synthesis of the vesicular stomatitis virus membrane matrix protein and the
      glycoprotein is inhibited to a greater extent than the synthesis of the
      nucleocapsid protein, the nonstructural protein, and the large protein when the
      rate of peptide chain initiation is reduced by exposure of vesicular stomatitis
      virus-infected cells to hypertonic medium. It is concluded that the relative
      sensitivity of individual viral polypeptide synthesis to hypertonic initiation
      block is independent of the site of synthesis, i.e., whether on membrane
      associated or free polyribosomes.

PMID- 173889
TI  - Identification of a precursor protein to the major glycoproteins of mouse mammary
      tumor virus.
AB  - Mouse mammary tumor virus-producing cultures of mouse mammary tumor cells
      synthesize a viral-related polypeptide of molecular weight of 73,000 (gp 73)
      which is rapidly labeled during a short pulse but disappears during the chase
      concomitantly with the appearance of label in the virion glycoproteins gp 49 and
      gp 37.5/33.5. The addition of the protein synthesis-inhibitor cycloheximide to
      the chase medium has little effect on this conversion. Treatment of the proposed
      precursor with alpha-chymotrypsin leads to the formation of a polypeptide of
      molecular weight 49,000, similar to the major virion glycoprotein. A comparison
      of tryptic digest maps of the glycoproteins involved supports the hypothesis that
      both the viral glycoproteins gp 49 and gp 37.5/33.5 are derived from gp 73.

PMID- 173891
TI  - 5'-terminal sequence of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA's synthesized in vitro.
AB  - Unmethylated or methylated 12 to 18S mRNA's synthesized in vitro by the virion
      associated RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus contain the 5'-terminal
      hexanucleotide sequence G(5')ppp(5')ApApCpApGp...or m 7G(5')
      ppp(5')ApmApCpApGp..., respectively. The implication of these results in relation
      to the regulation of transcription in vesicular stomatitis virus is discussed.

PMID- 173892
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the rescue of RNA sequences by mammalian type C viruses.
AB  - The specificity and quantitation of the rescue of RNA sequences by mammalian type
      C viruses has been investigated. Type C virus can package with specificity only
      type C viral RNA. Type C viruses do not encapsidate with comparable efficiency
      either type B viral or cellular globin mRNA. Conversely, a non-type C mammalian
      retravirus, MP-MV, cannot encapsidate type C RNA. A revertant of Kirsten sarcoma
      virus (Ki-SV)-transformed nonproducer cells which fails to rescue biologically
      active Ki-SV after superinfection with helper virus had no detectable
      intracellular Ki-SV-specific RNA. The results suggest specific mechanisms by
      which type C viral proteins can package type C viral RNA and provide an approach
      to classifying RNA of potentially defective endogenous retraviruses as type C in
      origin.

PMID- 173893
TI  - High spontaneous mutation rate of an avian sarcoma virus.
AB  - Three genetically distinct types of chicken sarcoma virus Bratislava 77 (B77
      virus) differing in their ability to infect duck cells were identified. B77 virus
      type I does not infect duck cells; B77 virus type II has a low efficiency of
      infection of duck cells; and B77 virus type III has a high efficiency of
      infection of duck cells. B77 viruses type I and III are produced by spontaneous
      mutation during the growth of B77 virus type II in chicken cells. The spontaneous
      mutation of B77 virus type II TO B77 virus type III occurs with a high rate
      (approximately 1 mutation per 50 infected cell generations), requires cell
      replication, and neither occurs during the synthesis of viral DNA on an RNA
      template nor during the transcription of progeny viral RNA from the provirus. The
      rate of spontaneous mutation of B77 virus type II to B77 virus type I is greater
      than the rate of spontaneous mutation of B77 virus type II to B77 virus type III.

PMID- 173895
TI  - Fibrous histiocytoma of the bladder.
AB  - A case report of a fibrous histiocytoma of the bladder that presented as total,
      gross, painless hematuria with compression of the intramural ureter is described.
      Important pathologic aspects are presented and histiocytic tumors are discussed
      briefly. Any histiocytic tumor not related to a disease of lipid metabolism is
      rare and we have found no previous report of a fibrous histiocytoma of the
      bladder.

PMID- 173894
TI  - Virus-dependent glycosylation.
AB  - The oligosaccharides of the membrane glycoproteins of Sindbis virus, vesicular
      stomatitis virus, and Rous sarcoma virus were compared on the basis of apparent
      size and sugar composition. It appears that each virus acquires a different set
      of oligosaccharides during growth in a single type of cell.

PMID- 173896
TI  - [An autopsied case of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome associated with
      hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and cytomegalic inclusion disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 173897
TI  - [So-called pyramidal tract system and voluntary movements].

PMID- 173898
TI  - [Synaptic transmission and its inhibition].

PMID- 173899
TI  - [Relationship between neuromuscular transmission and active amines-
      electromyographic informations].

PMID- 173901
TI  - [Concepts and classification of hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia with
      special reference to the classifications according to Frederickson and WHO].

PMID- 173900
TI  - [Mode of existence of serum lipids].

PMID- 173902
TI  - [Classification and metabolic patterns of hyperlipoproteinemia, with special
      reference to serum lipoprotein metabolism].

PMID- 173903
TI  - [Current studies on antilipemic agents].

PMID- 173904
TI  - [Hyperlipemia in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 173905
TI  - [ACTH test with urinary free cortisol as an index].

PMID- 173906
TI  - [Pathological classification and prognosis of breast neoplasms--including their
      malignancy and epidemiology].

PMID- 173907
TI  - [Thorotrast neoplasms--2 autopsy cases--histological and radiographical
      examination].

PMID- 173908
TI  - [Scintigraphy of neoplasms. 6. Hepatoma].

PMID- 173909
TI  - The stimulatory effect of the boiled supernatant on cyclic AMP formation in
      synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The effect of the boiled supernatant on synaptosomal adenyl cyclase activity of
      rat cerebral cortex was investigated. The boiled supernatant markedly increased
      the accumulation of cyclic AMP in synaptosomes when added to adenyl cyclase
      system by a mechanism presumably unrelated to inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphod
      iesterase or adenosine triphosphatase. Magnesium ion was required for
      synaptosomal adenyl cyclase activity and its stimulation by the boiled
      supernatant. The result discerned by doubl reciprocal plots showed an increase in
      Vmax value of adenyl cyclase by addition of the boiled supernatant without
      significantly altering the affinity for substrate. The enzyme activity was not
      stimulated by dopamine, histamine and serotonin in either the absence and
      presence of the boiled supernatant.

PMID- 173910
TI  - Effect of "drugs for liver disease" on hepatotoxic action of carbon
      tetrachloride. I. Changes of lysosomal enzyme levels and effect of protoporphyrin
      on the levels.
AB  - In order to clarify the action of drugs for liver disease, the effect of
      protoporphyrin (PP) on CCl4-induced liver injury was studied. Attention was given
      to the levels of lysosomal enzymes, some components of the liver, and inhibition
      of enzymes and lysis of lysosomal membranes by lipid peroxides. Administration of
      PP to CCl4-poisoned rats was found to prevent the decrease in lysosomal lipolytic
      enzyme level in the liver, but not in other enzyme levels tested. The inhibition
      of lipolytic enzyme by CCl4 administered may be partially involved in lipid
      accumulation in the liver. A dose of PP administered to CCl4-poisoned rats for 8
      days depressed the neutral lipid content in the liver nearly to the control
      value. Methyl linoleate hydroperoxide (hydroperoxide) at a lower concentration of
      10(-6)% inhibited the lipolytic enzyme acitivity by 30% and in concentrations
      ranging from 10(-4) to 10(-3)% inhibited beta-glucuronidase activity. Addition of
      PP to the medium containing 10(-6) to 10(-5)% hydroperoxide and alpha-tocopherol
      reduced the enzyme inhibition further than in the absence of PP. The
      hydroperoxide in concentrations varying from 10(-6) to 10(-3)% caused a partial
      lysis of liver lysosomal membranes, but addition of PP slightly reduced the
      damage by the hydroperoxide in concentration lower than 10(-5)%.

PMID- 173911
TI  - Prolongation of the action potential plateau of embryonic chick hearts organ
      cultured in the presence of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 173912
TI  - The effect of danazol in sexual precocity.
AB  - The effect of Danazol, a synthetic 2,3 isoxazol derivative of 17 alpha-ethinyl
      testosterone, was assessed in three girls and two boys with sexual precocity.
      Progression of sexual development ceased during administration of Danazol; the
      effect upon growth rate and skeletal maturation was equivocal. Serum estrogen and
      progesterone concentrations in the girls were lower during treatment; serum
      testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels in the boys were also lower. Serum
      and urinary luteinizing hormone concentrations were inconsistently suppressed. No
      effect upon follicle-stimulating hormone levels could be demonstrated. Although
      Danazol appears to inhibit sexual development, this study indicates that the
      pituitary-gonadal axis is not completely suppressed. Growth rate is not reverted
      to normal, and virilization may occur among girls. Because undesirable side
      effects may outweight desirable results, careful consideration is recommended
      before Danazol is prescribed in the management of sexual precocity.

PMID- 173914
TI  - [Anaerobic paraproctitis].

PMID- 173913
TI  - Transmission of cytomegalovirus infection with renal allograft.
AB  - Fifty-four patients who received a renal allograft between October 1971 and
      October 1974 were followed prospectively to correlate pretransplant serum
      antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) with shedding of CMV following transplantation.
      Twenty-five of 54 patients had antibody demonstrable to CMV using
      immunofluorescent techniques, but only 20 of 54 using complement-fixing
      techniques. All 24 who had antibody and survived one month or longer, and seven
      of nine without antibody but who received a kidney from a seropositive donor shed
      virus after transplantation, whereas none of 12 individuals without antibody and
      who received a kidney from a seronegative donor (P less than 0.005) shed virus.
      Three of eight other seronegative patients for whom donor sera were not available
      for analysis shed virus. Viremia occurred in eight of ten individuals who
      developed new antibody after transplantation, versus seven of 24 with antibody
      prior to transplant (P less than 0.02), and virus shedding in seroconverters from
      other sites was significantly more persistent than in pretransplant antibody
      positive patients. Thus, CMV infection was due either to reactivation of latent
      infection or was transmitted along with the renal allograft and manifested as a
      primary infection.

PMID- 173915
TI  - [Cataract by galactokinase deficiency (author's transl)].
AB  - In an infant with an inborn defect of the galactokinase, a diffuse turbidity of
      the lenses was observed before the onset of dietetic therapy at the age of 5
      weeks. 2 1/2 years later, the lenses were almost clear, however, typical zonular
      opacities were revealed at the slit lamp.

PMID- 173916
TI  - [Lipid constellation in low density lipoproteins of primary type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia (author's transl)].
AB  - The lipid composition of purified low density lipoproteins (LDL) was investigated
      in normal subjects and in type II a and b hyperlipoproteinemia. A significant
      increase of ester cholesterol in LDL of type II a patients and a decrease of
      phospholipids in LDL of type II b patients as compared with normal controls, were
      encountered. The results are compared with other reports from the literature and
      discussed with regard to the disturbance of LDL metabolism in type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 173917
TI  - [Effect of vibration, acceleration and acute irradiation with a dose of 250 R on
      the localization and activity of liver enzymes in adult rabbits].

PMID- 173918
TI  - Husbandry and observation methods of a breeding colony of marmosets (Callithrix
      jacchus) for behavioural research.
AB  - By allowing families to increase in size, co-operation between parents and
      adolescents in infant care was encouraged. Young adult pairs were subsequently
      created with these marmosets which had experience of handling infants to provide
      a stable basis for breeding 2nd and 3rd generation marmosets in captivity.

PMID- 173919
TI  - Diaphragmatic herniation of the liver in macaques demonstrated by intravenous
      hepatography.
AB  - A suspected diagnosis of diaphragmatic herniation of the liver in 2 monkeys
      (Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta) was confirmed radiographically by using
      various contrast media. Experimental compound AG 60.99, which is selectively
      concentrated in the liver and spleen, allowed excellent visualization of these 2
      organs and confirmed the presence of a portion of the liver in the right thorax.
      Cholografin Meglumine was subsequently utilized to determine the location of the
      gall bladder. Other potential uses for AG 60.99 were discussed.

PMID- 173920
TI  - An autopsy case of generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease associated with
      Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

PMID- 173921
TI  - Disc electrophoretic study of the glycogen phosphorylase in ascites hepatoma. Its
      comparison with phosphorylases in fetal and adult rat livers and muscles.

PMID- 173922
TI  - Localization of the human cerebral adenine nucleotides pool studied by light and
      electron microscope autoradiography.

PMID- 173923
TI  - Device for the removal of oxygen from gas streams.

PMID- 173924
TI  - Acid phosphatase analysis of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs and blastulae.

PMID- 173925
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of peroxidatic catalase in human peripheral blood
      leukocytes.
AB  - Localization of peroxidatic catalase in human peripheral blood leukocytes was
      accomplished by the assessment of alkaline diaminobenzidine reaction in the
      cytoplasmic granules of normal and acatalasemic leukocytes. A modified
      cytochemical procedure of Novikoff and Goldfischer (Novikoff AB, Goldfischer S: J
      Histochem Cytochem 17:675, 1969) and of Fahimi (Fahimi HD:J Cell Biol 43:275,
      1969) was employed to improve the specificity of alkaline diaminobenzidine test
      for catalase. Diaminobenzidine-positive reaction for peroxidative catalase was
      observed in large and medium-sized granules in the cytoplasm of normal
      neutrophils, but a striking and notable absence of this reaction was observed in
      acatalasemic neutrophils. The test for myeloperoxidase, with the diaminobenzide
      reaction performed at neutrality, disclosed positively stained granules in both
      normal and acatalasemic neutrophils. Similarities in size and configuration of
      the positively stained granules for these enzymes suggest that catalase is
      sequestered in organelles which may be primary or azurophilic granules.
      Myeloperoxidase has been shown to be localized in the primary granules by others.
      It is possible that catalase and myeloperoxidase may be sequestered together or
      separately in these granules, but the present data do not permit us to draw this
      distinction. The ultrastructural localization of peroxidatic catalase and
      myeloperoxidase has been attempted in eosinophils, lymphocytes, and platelets,
      and the observations are compared with those of neutrophilic granules. The
      localization of peroxidatic catalase in  monocytes could not be assessed
      satisfactorily because of the difficulties encountered in proper sampling of
      these cells.

PMID- 173926
TI  - Adrenal autotransplants in sheep: prostaglandin A1 is not steroidogenic.

PMID- 173928
TI  - Low self-complementarity of cytochrome c messenger RNA, a structural and
      functional restriction for evolution at the molecular level.

PMID- 173927
TI  - Does myosin-substrate interaction in vitro result in a delocalized conformation
      change?
AB  - The effect of substrate on the far UV (185-250 nm) and near UV (250-325 nm)
      circular dichroism (CD) of myosin and heavy meromyosin (HMM) was studied. The
      following results were obtained with the addition of ATP (during various
      conditions of hydrolysis), ADP, and pyrophosphate: (1) no changes were observed
      in the far UV CD, (2) ATP and ADP perturbed the near UV CD only at spectral
      regions below 280 nm coinciding with the regions of their optical activity, (3)
      the optically inactive pyrophosphate caused no change in the near UV CD, and (4)
      myosin and HMM gave exactly the same results. These results suggest that myosin
      substrate interaction in vitro does not result in a delocalized conformational
      change.

PMID- 173929
TI  - The multicellular (as opposed to the monoclonal) origin of the murine myeloma
      cell.

PMID- 173930
TI  - The escape of Tritonia: dynamics of a neuromuscular control mechanism.

PMID- 173931
TI  - An attempt at a simulation of the end-plate current.

PMID- 173932
TI  - A biochemical model of the circadian clock.

PMID- 173933
TI  - Surgical treatment for lung cancer with metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes.
AB  - A series of cases of lung cancer were analyzed, with particular attention to the
      relationship between the presence of lymph node metastases and the prognosis for
      surgical intervention. The cases are classified into four clinical stages and a
      detailed classification of histologically proved lymph node metastasis and
      pleural involvement is presented. Results indicate that the presence of
      mediastinal lymph node metastasis, especially in cases with squamous-cell
      carcinoma and negative subcarinal lymph node, does not contraindicate surgical
      treatment.

PMID- 173934
TI  - The use of bronchoscopic sponge biopsy in the diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasms.
AB  - A modified method of transbronchoscopic sponge biopsy is presented a  series of
      212 patients is discussed. A diagnostic accuracy rate of 89 per cent was obtained
      in the 159 cases of proved carcinoma. False-positive and false-negative results
      are discussed. This technique was found to be an easy, rapid, accurate, and
      inexpensive method of obtaining samples for cytologic evaluation in the
      preoperative work-up of patients with suspected pulmonary malignancies.

PMID- 173935
TI  - Carinal resection. A report of two cases and a description of the anesthetic
      technique.
AB  - Two cases of carinal tumor managed by resection and primary anastomosis are
      presented. Their course is discussed and a description of an anesthetic technique
      which obviates the need for cardiopulmonary bypass is presented. The principles
      of carinal surgery are discussed, emphasizing expert anesthesia and resection
      line control by frozen-tissue examination.

PMID- 173936
TI  - International arbovirus research.
AB  - International cooperation in arbovirus research became increasingly prominent
      shortly after it was found in the early 1940's, that antigenic relationships
      existed among certain viruses isolated in different areas of thw world. The
      interest of a number of scientists and of a private organization led to the
      establishment of an international information exchange and to the preparation of
      an international catalogue of arboviruses including certain other viruses of
      vertebrates. International cooperation was fostered by the interest taken in
      these agents by the World Health Organization and the creation by this agency of
      an international net of collaborating laboratories with assigned areas of the
      world. A number of recent problems have been revealed and solved, or partly
      solved by this international effort, among which are questions relating to: the
      Marburg agent disease, the existence of an antigenic relationship between rabies
      virus and some arboviruses, aspects of the ecology or viruses in the California,
      Uukuniemi and Kemerovo groups, as well as several unanticipated antigenic
      relationships among viruses. Numerous questions still remain the solution of
      which might be expedited by continued and increased cooperative international
      effort such as overwintering or survival of viruses under unfavorable
      circumstances, pathogenic potential for man and domestic animals of certain
      viruses, role on chronic illnesses, establishment of the etiology of certain
      diseases and investigations of the basic properties of viruses, particularly of
      the Bunyaviridae.

PMID- 173937
TI  - Arboviruses in Finland: models for arctic arboviruses and viral structure.

PMID- 173938
TI  - Tick-borne viruses associated with seabirds in North America and related islands.
AB  - About 18 tickborne viruses associated with seabirds are known from Canada,
      Mexico, the Antilles, and the United States, including its oceanic islands.
      Antigenic groups to which these viruses belong are Hughes, B, Sakhalin,
      Uukuniemi, Kemerovo, Nyamani and Quaranfil. Members of the last two groups are
      known in the Western Hemisphere only from Central Pacific Islands and may reflect
      intrusion of elements of the Australian Region. In the areas under discussion,
      antibody surveys have been minimal, but there is some indication of human
      exposure to agents of the Kemerovo group. Members of the Hughes, Nyamanini, and
      Quaranfil groups are all argasid tick viruses, largely tropical or subtropical in
      distribution, and associated particularly with gulls and terns (Laridae). The
      remainder, with the exception of Mono Lake (Kemerovo group, Chenuda Subgroup),
      which may be a virus of inland birds, are ixodid tick viruses associated mostly
      with seabirds of the polar or subpolar regions. All of these viruses are seen as
      acted upon by a common pattern of geographic and biotic factors that influences
      antigenic diversity of the virus and favors development of strong insular
      variants.

PMID- 173939
TI  - Tick-borne viruses in Finland.
AB  - Ixodes ricinus is the only one of six tick species reported from Finland found to
      carry viruses. It transmits tick-borne encephalitis and Uukuniemi viruses, and
      transmission of a Kemerovo group virus is suggested by antibody findings. Tick
      borne encephalitis is common only in the SW-archipelago; it is also found near
      the SE-boarder but is very rare elsewhere. In contrast, Uukuniemi virus is common
      throughout the distribution area of I. ricinus, being commoner on the mainland
      than in the archipelago. Medium, large and small mammals participate in the cycle
      of tick-borne encephalitis virus, though birds are not excluded and apparently
      they act as host to the Uukuniemi virus. The encephalitis virus causes clinical
      illness in man, with cases limited mostly to the SW-archipelago; the disease is a
      relatively mild form of tick-borne encephalitis, with biphasic and meningeal
      symptoms dominating.

PMID- 173941
TI  - Translation of the genes for the structural proteins of alphaviruses.
AB  - Synthesis of the structural proteins of Semliki Forest virus by a cell-free
      system derived from mouse L-cells and programmed by intracellular 26S RNA is
      described. This polycistronic RNA is translated in vitro into several discrete
      polypeptides. The identity of these polypeptides as the structural proteins of
      the virus was established by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      immunoprecipitation and tryptic peptide mapping. Studies using formyl-
      e135S]methionyl-tRNAf as precursor, and using diphtheria toxin and NAD to inhibit
      elongation, showed that 26S RNA contains only a single initiation site at, or
      near, the 5' end of the core protein cistron. Experiments in infected cells under
      conditions of synchronous initiation revealed that the order of the structural
      protein genes in 26S RNA is core-E3-E2-E1 in the 5' leads to 3' direction.

PMID- 173940
TI  - Comparative aspects of the replication of alphaviruses and poliovirus.
AB  - The replication of both alpha- and picornaviruses results in the production of
      plus-stranded viral progeny. Each of these two classes of virus devotes about the
      same amount of viral genetic information to structural proteins but the
      alphaviruses use more genetic information for non-virion proteins. This
      additional information may be required because the alphaviruses have a much
      broader host range. Alternatively, the additional information may be required for
      interrupted transcription that yields a subgenomic mRNA that encodes all of the
      alphaviral structural proteins. This subgenomic mRNA allows preferential
      synthesis of a precursor af all virion proteins. Cleavage of this precursor has
      been observed during in vitro protein synthesis and can be prevented by an
      appropriate temperature-sensitive mutation.

PMID- 173942
TI  - Icteric type hepatoma.

PMID- 173943
TI  - [Small cell anaplastic lung cancer--clinical features and therapy].

PMID- 173944
TI  - [Surgical treatment of malformations of the hand (author's transl)].
AB  - The frequency of malformations of the hand is estimated at 0.5 percent of live
      births. The course of early developmental processes makes early correction
      advisable. Knowledge of the special anatomy and mastery of the microsurgical
      operation techniques makes this possible. The main indications and methods that
      hve been tested are discussed.

PMID- 173945
TI  - [Round-table discussion on plastic and reconstructive surgery improving function.
      Speech perforamnce, grip performance of hand].

PMID- 173947
TI  - [Juvenile tonsillectomy and leukemia].
AB  - Among 305 children with leukemia, between one and fourteen years old, authors
      found 8 and in a comparative group ("individual matched pairs") 40 children with
      removed tonsils. The difference (2.62% tonsillectomized children in the leukemia
      group, 13.11% in the comparative group) is highly significant. The frequency of
      tonsillectomy in childhood in Germany corresponds to the percentage of 13.11%. It
      has to be discussed, if there exists a causality between the state of the tonsils
      and the frequency of leukemia in childhood. The authors suggest further
      investigations of this highly interesting subject.

PMID- 173946
TI  - [Carcinochemotherapy in pediatric surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - One hundred sixteen children with malignant tumors were treated by surgery and
      additional chemotherapy from 1969 to 1974. The chemotherapy was standardized as
      far as possible for the commonest tumors of childhood (neuroblastoma, Wilm's
      tumor rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma). The results are presented in detail.

PMID- 173948
TI  - [Steroid hormone receptors in cancerology].

PMID- 173949
TI  - [Glioblastoma in an adult revealed by puriform aseptic meningitis with 2
      recurrences].

PMID- 173950
TI  - Sulpiride: a study of the effects on dopamine receptors in rat neostriatum and
      limbic forebrain.

PMID- 173951
TI  - Caffeine-modulated acetylcholine sensitivity in denervated rat and diseased human
      muscle.

PMID- 173952
TI  - The effects of cyclic 3'5' adenosine monophosphate on the acute tolerance induced
      by ethanol in male rats.

PMID- 173953
TI  - Cyclic-AMP receptors in the human spermatozoa membrane.

PMID- 173954
TI  - The metabolic fate of [porphyrin-14C] cytochrome c in dogs.

PMID- 173955
TI  - Regulation of vitamin D metabolism.

PMID- 173956
TI  - On the mechanism of tolerance to isoproterenol-induced accumulation of cAMP in
      rat pineal in vivo.

PMID- 173958
TI  - Prolactin stimulation of prolactin receptors in rat liver.

PMID- 173957
TI  - Effect of polyanions and polycations on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-binding and
      protein kinase activity.

PMID- 173959
TI  - Relative potencies of dipyridamole and related agents as inhibitors of cyclic
      nucleotide phosphodiesterases: possible explanation of mechansim of inhibition of
      platelet function.

PMID- 173960
TI  - Uptake and metabolism of exogenous eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid in minimal
      deviation hepatoma 7288 C cells.
AB  - Minimal deviation hepatoma 7288 C cells were cultured in Swim's medium containing
      10% serum for 48 hr. The growth medium was replaced with serum free media
      containing different concentrations of [1-14C] eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid and
      the cells were incubated for 24 hr. Incorporation into cell lipids, oxidation to
      CO2, and desaturation to arachidonic acid were studied. The oxidation of the acid
      was very low. It was preferentially incorporated into the polar lipids of the
      cell. The incorporation depended on the number of cells and fatty acid
      concentration. Saturation of the cells with the acid was reached when 144.7
      nmoles per mg of cellular protein were incorporated. The acid was desaturated
      readily to arachidonic acid. The nmoles of eicosatrienoic acid converted to
      arachidonic acid per mg of cellular protein were hyperbolic function of the acid
      incorporated. Maximal desaturation, 23 nmoles per mg of cellular protein, was
      reached when the cells were saturated with the acid. The calculations of the
      desaturation capacity and of the endogenous pool of eicosatrienoic acid available
      for desaturation in the cell are discussed.

PMID- 173961
TI  - Hepatoma, host liver, and normal rat liver phospholipids as affected by diet.
AB  - Individual phospholipid classes derived from hepatoma, host liver, and normal
      liver of rats maintained on chow and fat free diets were examined in detail and
      the sphingomyelin and phosphoglyceride structures compared. The concentration of
      hepatoma spingomyelin was higher while phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and
      diphosphatidylglycerol were only one-fourth to one-half normal liver
      concentrations, irrespective of diet. Hepatoma phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-serine, and phosphatidylinositol contained
      higher percentages of 18:1 and, except phosphatidylinositol, much lower
      percentages of most polyunsaturated fatty acids than liver. The 1-position of
      host liver phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, normal liver
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and hepatoma
      phosphatidylcholine from animals on both diets had the same approximate fatty
      acid composition, but the percentage of 16:0 in hepatoma phosphatidylethanolamine
      was reduced dramatically. The low percentage of 16:0 at the 1-position of both
      phosphatidylethanolamine and triglycerides suggests that the 1-position fatty
      acids of these two classes may have a similar origin. The fat free diet reduced
      the percentage of 18:2 in liver diphosphatidylglycerol 3-fold and the decrease
      was offset by increased percentages of 16:1 and 18:1; whereas the very low
      percentage of 18:2 in hepatoma diphosphatidylglycerol was offset by increased
      percentages of 18:0 and 16:0. Liver phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine
      from the animals fed the fat free diet contained the highest percentage of 20:3,
      which replaced 20:4. Hepatoma sphingomyelin contained a much higher concentration
      of 24:0 and 24:1 than liver. The hepatoma sphingomyelin also contained a C-24
      dienoic acid, which was not detected in host and normal liver. Host liver
      contained a higher percentage of 22:6 than normal liver. The diglycerides derived
      from host liver PC contained a significantly higher percentage of carbon number
      38 than normal liver. Diglycerides derived from hepatoma phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine exhibited a 1-random-2-random distribution of fatty
      acids, whereas diglycerides from liver phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine showed pairing of specific fatty acids.

PMID- 173962
TI  - Hepatoma, host liver, and normal rat liver lipids: distribution of isomeric
      monoene fatty acids in individual lipid classes.
AB  - Monoenoic acid fractions were isolated from phosphatidycholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters of hepatoma
      7288CTC, host liver, and normal liver from animals maintained on chow and fat
      free diets. Hexadecanoate (16:1), octadecenoate (18:1), and eisosenoate (20:1)
      fractions were analyzed quantitatively for their isomeric composition. The fat
      free diet had little or no effect relative to the chow diet on the isomeric
      composition of 16:1, 18:1, and 20:1 from any lipid class in either heptoma, host
      liver, or normal liver. Host livers were reduced in palmitoleic acid, and oleic
      and eicos-11-enoic acids were increased relative to normal liver. The 16:1
      fraction from triglyceride of normal liver, host liver, and hepatoma contained
      90, 80, and 75% palmitoleic acid, respectively. The 20:1 fraction from
      triglycerides of normal liver, host liver, and hepatoma contained ca. 55, 70, and
      60% eicos-11-enoic acid, respectively, with the remainder consisting of eicos-13
      enoic acid. The proportion of vaccenic acid in the 18:1 fraction was 60, 50, 20,
      and 25% for phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, triglycerides, and
      cholesteryl esters, respectively, with oleic acid making up the balance. In
      contrast, all hepatoma lipid classes exhibited the same proportion of oleic (70%)
      and vaccenic (30%) acids. These data appear to be the first to demonstrate lipid
      class specificity for isomeric octadecenoic acids in normal liver and the loss of
      this specificity in a neoplasm.

PMID- 173963
TI  - Lipid and lipoprotein measurements in a normal adult American population.
AB  - From a parent population of 774, a subpopulation of 160 normal adults ages 27-66
      was randomly selected, 20 from each decade and sex. A detailed comparison was
      made by analytic ultracentrifugation and complete agarose gel electrophoresis on
      serum and the 1.006 g/ml top and bottom preparative ultracentrifuge lipoprotein
      fractions. The latter was internally standardized by total lipid and plasma total
      cholesterol and triglyceride determinations giving normal reference lipoprotein
      values. The reading procedure allowed the identification and quantification of
      floating beta and sinking pre-beta. In the subpopulation, there were two of the
      former and 13 of the latter. For large scale clinical application of such
      quantitative lipoprotein electrophoresis full automation of the microdensitometry
      and calculations will be required.

PMID- 173964
TI  - Effects of dietary triglyceride on the properties and lipid composition of plasma
      lipoproteins: acute experiments in rats fed safflower oil.
AB  - Male rats were administered 1.5 ml safflower oil by gastric intubation 0, 4, and
      8 hr after a 16 hr fast. Plasma, liver, and adipose tissue were collected 16 hr
      after the last fatty meal. Rats fasted for 16 hr served as controls. Following
      fat feeding, the fatty acid composition of the very low density lipoprotein,
      triglyceride, and hepatic triglyceride were similar, as were the percentages of
      18:2 in the very low density lipoprotein and hepatic cholesteryl esters. The
      phospholipids of liver and plasma lipoproteins were similar in the control
      groups, except that more 16:0 was present in the plasma lipoproteins. After fat
      feeding, the plasma lipoproein phospholipids were enriched with 18:2 more than
      were the hepatic phospholipids. Furthermore, the percentage of 18:2 in
      phospholipid was much less than in triglyceride or cholesteryl esters. Clearly,
      esterified lipids of liver and plasma lipoproteins (very low density lipoprotein,
      low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein), and to a lesser extent,
      adipose tissue, were enriched with 18:2 derived from dietary triglyceride fatty
      acid even 16 hr after the terminal meal. A major proportion of the very low
      density lipoprotein isolated by ultracentrifugation in zonal rotors from plasma
      of fat fed animals had a faster rate-zonal mobility than did the very low density
      lipoprotein isolated from plasma of control animals. The very low density
      lipoprotein isolated from plasma of fat fed rats contained fewer moles of
      phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters, relative to triglyceride than
      did the very low density lipoprotein from plasma of animals not receiving
      safflower oil. The molar ratio triglyceride:phospholipid:cholesterol:cholesterol
      esters in the very low denity lipoprotein was 100:42.0:22.1:44.5 in the control
      group and 100:35.4:17.8:19.5 in the fat fed animals. It is postulated that an
      important biochemical mechanism by which dietary triglyceride fatty acids
      consumed by the animal over a long period of time alter plasma concentrations of
      triglyceride, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters is the directive influence of
      plasma free fatty acid, derived from dietary triglyceride, on the secretion of
      very low density lipoprotein lipids by the liver.

PMID- 173965
TI  - Synthesis of cholesterol esters in the plasma and liver of sheep.
AB  - A study was made with sheep on the formation in vitro of long chain fatty acid
      esters of cholesterol by the lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase system present
      in the plasma and the acyl CoA-cholesterola cyltransferase system present in the
      liver. The rate of cholesterol esterification in the plasma was 0.024
      mumoles/ml/hr. The relative pattern of fatty acids esterified during incubation
      of the plasma remained constant over the 8 hr period of incubation and was
      similar to the fatty acids in the plasma cholesteryl esters before incubation
      began and to the fatty acids in the 2-position of the plasma lecithin. The
      predominant cholesteryl esters synthesized contained monoenoic and dienoic fatty
      acids. Unlike the bovine, there was no apparent discrimination in favor of the
      18:2 containing species of plasma lecithin as donors of fatty acids. This
      difference could be accounted for by the similarity in the 18:2 content of the
      phospholipids present in the high density (density greater than 1.062 and less
      than 1.21) and the low density (density greater than 1.006 and less than 1.063)
      lipoprotein fractions of the sheep plasma. The possibility of some discrimination
      against 20:4 during cholesterol ester synthesis in the plasma of the sheep cannot
      be excluded. In the liver, the predominant cholesteryl esters synthesized
      contained saturated and monoenoic fatty acids; cholesteryl linoleate was
      synthesized to a very much less extent. There was considerable similarity between
      the composition of the unesterified fatty acid fraction of the liver before
      incubation began and the fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl esters
      synthesized during incubation. Addition of sonicated suspensions of free fatty
      acidsaltered markedly the fatty acid pattern of the cholesteryl esters
      synthesized by the liver slices. From the evidence presented it is concluded that
      the cholesteryl esters in sheep plasma are syntheized mainly by the plasma
      lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase system. The results are discussed in
      relation to cholesterol esterification systems demonstrated in the plasma and
      liver of monogastric animals.

PMID- 173966
TI  - Viral stimulation of choline phosphotransferase in spleen microsomes.
AB  - Choline phosphotransferase and phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase
      enzymatic activities (nmoles phosphatidyl choline/min/mg protein) have been
      determined in spleen microsomes of Rauscher virus infected balb/c male mice at 5,
      10, 14, and 21 days following inoculation of the virus. There is a significant
      stimulation of the choline phosphotransferase activity in the virus infected
      spleens with the peak of activity at about 10 days of viral infection. The
      specific activity of choline phosphotransferase is 10 times that of the
      phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase at 10 days of viral infection. There
      is a 51-fold increase over controls for the total microsomal choline
      phosphotransferase at 14 days of viral infection and only an 18-fold increase
      over controls for the phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase activity. There
      is a significant (P less than 0.001) increase over controls in the concentration
      of total phospholipid-P, phosphatidyl choline-P, and phosphatidyl choline-P
      fractions as separated by argentation chromatography of microsomes from spleens
      of mice infected with Friend virus of Rauscher virus for 14 days. The choline
      phosphotransferase and phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase specific
      activities in liver microsomes of 14 day Friend and/or Rauscher virus are
      unaltered during viral infection.

PMID- 173967
TI  - Effect of diet on fatty acids in the lipoprotein cholesteryl esters of type IIa
      and normal individuals.
AB  - Four normal and two individuals with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia were placed on
      the National Heart and Lung Institute Type IIa Diet (less than 300 mg of
      cholesterol per day, high polyunsaturated, low saturated fat diet) for 1 week and
      on a normal diet the following week. Plasma samples were obtained and the
      cholesterol contents of plasma and of very low density, low density and high
      density lipoproteins determined. The cholesteryl esters in one type IIa and two
      normal individuals were identified. The cholesteryl esters in type IIa very low
      density lipoproteins from blood drawn 45 min after the last meal in each dietary
      period, contained less 18:2 than from the normal. After the first dietary period,
      the very low density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester 18:2 content for the type IIa
      was 37.2M% and for the normals, 54.7M%. After the second dietary period, the
      corresponding values were 49.7M% and 56.7M%. Fasting samples had lower 18:2
      contents in the low density lipoproteins from the Type IIa subject following both
      dietary periods and in the high density lipoproteins following the Type II diet.

PMID- 173968
TI  - [Results of radiation and combined treatment of glomus tumors of the middle ear
      and the base of the skull].

PMID- 173969
TI  - Adaptation of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise.
AB  - Skeletal muscle adapts to endurance excerise, such as long distance running, with
      an increase in the capacity for aerobic metabolism. This is reflected in an
      increased capacity of whole homogenates and of the mitochondrial fraction of
      muscle to oxidize pyruvate and long chain fatty acids. Underlying this increase
      in the ability to obtain energy by respiration is an increase in the levels of a
      number of mitochondrial enzymes. These include the enzymes involved in fatty acid
      oxidation, the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, the components of the
      respiratory chain that link the oxidation of succinate and NADH to oxygen, and
      coupling factor 1. These increases in mitochondrial enzyme activity appear to be
      due to an increase in enzyme protein as evidenced by a doubling of the
      concentration of cytochrome c and a 60% increase in the protein content of the
      mitochondrial fraction skeletal muscle. Electronmicroscopic studies suggest that
      increases in both the size and number of mitochondria are responsible for the
      increase in mitochondrial protein. An alteration in mitochondrial composition
      also occurs, with some mitochondrial enzymes increasing 2-fold, others increasing
      only 35% to 60%, while others, including mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate
      dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and adenylate kinase do not increase at
      all. As a result of these and other exercise induced biochemical adaptations
      skeletal muscle tends to become more like heart muscle in its enzyme pattern.

PMID- 173970
TI  - The influence of physical activity on ligaments and tendons.
AB  - Using either a bone-ligament-bone or a muscle-tendon-bone preparation, numerous
      investigators have demonstrated that the usual site of separation is in the
      transitional zone between the ligament (or tendon) and bone; hence, the term
      junction strength or load at separation is used to describe functional changes in
      these preparations. Junction strength is decreased with inactivity
      (immobilization) and increased with chronic activity (training) provided that the
      exercise program is of an endurance nature. Training also increases junction
      strength in thyroidectomized and hypophysectomized rats. Besides in junction
      strength, training results in heavier ligaments and higher ligament weight/length
      ratios. However, water content, collagen concentrations/dry weight or collagen
      concentration per weight/length unit are not significantly influenced by repeated
      bouts of exercise. Although immobilization is associated with lower elastic
      stiffness values (kg/mm), training appears to have little influence on this
      measure in normal animals. Rats and dogs with surgically repaired ligaments are
      weaker and the strength results are markedly lower if the leg is immobilized.
      Exercise training improves the repair strength of ligaments but does not result
      in normal values twelve weeks after the surgery. Exogenous administration of ICSH
      or testosterone results in higher repair strength whereas TSH,  thyroxine, ACTH
      and growth hormone decreases this measure. It was concluded that the mechanical
      stress produced by chronic exercise is an important determination of the strength
      of repaired ligaments and of the junctions between ligaments (or tendons) and
      bones.

PMID- 173971
TI  - Acute viral hepatitis.

PMID- 173972
TI  - General mediquiz.

PMID- 173973
TI  - [Drug therapy of obstructive respiratory tract diseases].

PMID- 173974
TI  - Glucocorticoid therapy.
AB  - 1. There is a poor relationship between the circulating half-life a
      glucocorticoid and either its potency or its duration of action. Many actions of
      a glucocorticoid have unequal durations. The duration of action varies with the
      dose. 2. The presence of biological activity as a glucocorticoid depends on the
      presence of a hydroxyl group at carbon number 11. Cortisone and prednisone, which
      are 11-keto compounds, must be converted to 11-beta-hydroxyl compounds to be
      effective. This reaction may be impaired in the presence of liver disease. 3.
      Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome differs from spontaneous Cushing's syndrome in
      several respects, possibly because in the former ACTH is suppressed but in
      Cushing's syndrome associated with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia ACTH levels are
      elevated...

PMID- 173975
TI  - Increased bone mineral content in young adults with familial hypophosphatemic
      vitamin D refractory rickets.
AB  - Seven adults with familial hypophosphatemia have been investigated by histologic
      and radiographic examination of bone, and estimates of bone mineral status by in
      vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA). Histological examination showed severe
      osteomalacia and osteosclerosis in all cases. Radiography showed skeletal
      deformities and other sequelae of severe rickets of childhood in five of the
      seven cases, with, in addition, thickened well-mineralized bones; the other two
      showed normal radiographs. IVNAA measurements showed that the first five had
      greater than normal bone calcium and that the other two had normal values. Thus,
      in all cases there is a greater than normal total bone tissue (osteoid and
      mineralized bone together). The quantitative body calcium measurements show
      clearly that osteosclerosis occurs in familial hypophosphatemia, confirming the
      opinions based on histological and radiological data. Although there has been
      occasional reference to this sclerosis in the literature, up to the present it
      has received little attention.

PMID- 173977
TI  - [Change in the activity of the enzymatic systems of Bacillus anthracoides spores
      during germination and under the action of Ca hypochlorite].
AB  - The activity of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, glycolysis, and hexose
      monophosphate pathway was studied during germination of the spores of Bacillus
      anthracoides and upon their treatment with calcium hypochlorite. No activity of
      isocitrate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was found in the
      extracts of the vegetative cells, contrary to the spores and initiated spores.
      The activity of other enzymes changes but slightly in the course of germination
      of the spores. Treatment of the spores with calcium hypochlorite inhibited their
      initiation and germination and the activity of several enzymes, especially malate
      dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and fumarase.

PMID- 173976
TI  - Effects of reduced ATP concent on hepatic responses to glucagon.
AB  - Expression of the glycogenolytic action of glucagon in liver requires ATP for
      cAMP formation and for several subsequent phosphorylation reactions. To assess
      the extent to which ATP availability is rate-limiting to this hormonal action,
      responses to glucagon of intact liver and of liver with marked reductions in ATP
      content induced by ethionine was examined in female Wistar rats in vivo and in
      vitro. Compared to values in quick-frozen liver samples from control rats, basal
      hepatic ATP was 75% lower and cAMP, two fold higher in rats treated with
      ethionine. Activation of glycogen phosphorylase and inactivation of glycogen
      synthetase, phosphorylation reactions which require ATP and are initiated by
      cAMP, were also evident in basal liver samples from ethionine-treated rats. These
      hepatic alterations were associated with portal glucose and insulin levels which
      were significantly lower and portal glucagon levels which were four fold higher
      than values in controls. In ethionine-treated rats, glucose infusion decreased
      hepatic cAMP content and phosphorylase activity and increased synthetase
      activity. This and other observation suggested that the higher cAMP and the
      altered enzyme activities seen in vivo after ethionine administration were
      mediated by the hyperglucagonemia and/or by other endogenous glycogenolytic
      stimuli, and accordingly implied that liver remained responsive to such stimuli
      despite reduced ATP. Pharmacologic doses of exogenous glucagon clearly increased
      cAMP in vivo and in vitro in livers with decreased ATP. However, the lower ATP of
      liver exposed to ethionine was associated with a significantly blunted cAMP
      response to maximal glucagon stimulation. By contrast, alterations in
      phosphorylase and synthetase activities were not similarly blunted, suggesting
      that the smaller increases in cAMP seen in liver with reduced ATP content were
      adequate for the expression of these actions of the hormone. It is concluded that
      the actions of glucagon to increase cAMP and to activate phosphorylase and
      inactivate synthetase are not abolished by marked reductions in hepatic APT.

PMID- 173978
TI  - [Inorganic pyrophosphate synthesis by the mitochondria of the yeast-like fungus
      Endomyces magnusii coupled with the work of the respiratory chain].
AB  - The synthesis of inorganic pyrophosphate by the mitochondria of Endomyces
      magnusii was found to be coupled with respiration. The mitochondria of E.
      magnusii can utilize the energy of the phosphoanhydride bond of inorganic
      pyrophosphate for the synthesis of ATP. The study with inhibitors suggests the
      participation of inorganic pyrophosphatase and ATPase in this process.

PMID- 173979
TI  - [Proceedings: Normal values and samples of findings in primary and secondary
      hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 173980
TI  - [Current serodiagnosis of liver diseases. III].

PMID- 173981
TI  - Vaccination programs for bovine respiratory diseases.

PMID- 173983
TI  - Structural requirements for activity of nucleosides as substrates for adenosine
      kinase: orientation of substituents on the pentofuranosyl ring.

PMID- 173982
TI  - Phosphodiesterases from porcine coronary arteries: inhibition of separated forms
      by xanthines, papaverine, and cyclic nucleotides.

PMID- 173985
TI  - Biphasic effects of halothane on phospholipid and synaptic plasma membranes: a
      spin label study.

PMID- 173984
TI  - Inhibition of glutamate-elicited accumulation of adenosine cyclic 3',5'
      monophosphate in brain slices by alpha, omega-diaminocarboxylic acids.

PMID- 173986
TI  - [Dynamics of plasma corticoid levels following intranuscular or intravenous ACTH
      stimulation in children and adults (author's transl)].
AB  - Following ACTH-stimulation, in 40 patients plasma corticoid levels (CPB
      technique) were determined every 15 min for three hours to demonstrate the period
      of maximal increase. There was no significant difference in the increase of
      plasma cortisol following intravenous or intramuscular injection of ACTH (beta1
      23). Peak values were reached at 60 min (65.2 +/- 3.2 mug/100 ml). This is
      considered to be the right moment for blood sampling when using a short ACTH
      test.

PMID- 173987
TI  - [Morphology and incidence of membranous structures related to endoplasmic
      reticulum].
AB  - Morphology and occurrence of so called tubuloreticular (TRS) and undulating
      membraneous structures (UMS) connected with the membranes of the endoplasmatic
      reticulum are described in physiological and pathological conditions. It is
      established that TRS and UMS represent a cytoplasmatic inclusion of similar type,
      although of different structures. Occurrence of UMS in human lung-tissue culture,
      and in transplantable chicken hepatoma induced in a hepatic tumour by MC-29 virus
      was observed.

PMID- 173988
TI  - [Ultrastructure and hormone secretion of a tissue culture from an adrenal gland
      tumor simulating Cushing's syndrome].
AB  - Tissue cultures of a surgically removed adrenocortical tumour causing Cushing's
      syndrome, and tissue cultures from the attached, tumour-free adrenal were
      studied. There were two cell types characteristic of tumour tissue. The cell type
      occurring most frequently had pronounced hypertrophied agranular endoplasmic
      reticulum. A fewer number of lipidrich cells containing many electron-dense
      granules could also be found. The ratio of cells changed during cultivation. In
      the 17 days tumour culture, a higher percentage of lipid-rich cells could be
      observed. In spite of continuous ACTH treatment, the initially high
      hydrocortisone level decreased, gradually. It may be assumed that the lipid-rich
      cells are of reduced ability as regards hydrocortisone production.

PMID- 173989
TI  - [Clinical aspects of intrauterine infections (author's transl)].
AB  - Examples of typical embryopathy (rubella, cytomegaly) and fetopathy
      (toxoplasmosis, listeriosis) demonstrate the disastrous effects intrauterine
      infections may have on the fetus. Even if they play a relatively small role
      numerically, they deserve our particular attention because we feel and hope that,
      by extending maternity care to environmental hygiene and prophylactic
      vaccination, they can be partly prevented and, by improving prenatal serological
      diagnosis and intensifying the cooperation of specialists, introduced early to an
      effective prenatal therapy, thus preventing severe damage to the child.

PMID- 173990
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities for the prevention and identification of intrauterine
      infections (author's transl)].
AB  - The demonstration of antibody titer movements in the hemagglutination inhibition
      test, in the complement fixation test and a differentiation between IgM and IgG
      antibodies allow information to be obtained on the age of an intra-uterine
      rubella infection. Specific IgM antibodies in neonates are reliable evidence,
      because the maternal IgM antibodies cannot cross the placenta. A rise in total
      IgM level in cord blood does not, on the other hand, indicate an embryopathy in
      every case. In contradistinction to rubella, cytomegaly and herpes simplex virus
      can be comparatively easily and quickly cultivated, so that identification of the
      virus is of use for clinical purposes. Of 2360 children investigated in our
      laboratory from 1969-1974, 120 certainly and 57 extremely probably showed rubella
      embryopathies.

PMID- 173991
TI  - Letter: Immune mechanisms in infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 173992
TI  - Basis for recurring ventricular fibrillation in the absence of coronary heart
      disease and its management.
AB  - A 39-year-old man twice experienced ventricular fibrillation and exhibited
      numerous ventricular premature beats. Coronary arteries were normal, and no
      impaired cardiac function was found upon catheterization. Evidence was adduced
      that the ventricular premature beats were related to higher nervous activity. The
      patient had serious psychiatric problems; the ventricular premature beats were
      provoked by psychophysiologic stress, increased during REM sleep, were reduced by
      meditation, and were controlled by beta-adrenergic blockade, phenytoin and
      digitalization. We conclude that psychologic and neurophysiologic factors may
      predispose to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in the absence of organic heart
      disease. Effective management of the recurrent ventricular arrhythmia involved;
      acute drug testing for assessing antiarrhythmic efficacy; use of programmed
      trendscription to provide on-line information on drug action; a treatment program
      involving more than one agent; and use of measures to reduce sympathetic nervous
      activity.

PMID- 173993
TI  - Letter: The transplanted kidney as a source of cytomegalovirus infection.

PMID- 173994
TI  - Serum lipoproteins and coronary heart disease in a population study of Hawaii
      Japanese men.
AB  - To ascertain the frequency of defined hyperlipoproteinemia and to investigate the
      relation between lipoprotein fractions and coronary heart disease, we measured
      serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels in a population-based sample of Hawaii
      Japanese men 50 to 72 years old. Type II hyperlipoproteinemia was present in 3
      per cent of 1859 men, and Type IV in 26 per cent. Relative risks for coronary
      heart disease, based on 264 prevalence cases, were found to be 1.8, 1.8 and 0.46,
      between the upper and lower quartiles of total, beta, and alpha cholesterol,
      respectively. We found no significant relation between triglyceride and coronary
      heart disease. The inverse relation of alpha cholesterol of prevalence of
      coronary heart disease was independent of beta cholesterol, obesity, and other
      factors. The data suggest the need for further evaluation of the protective
      effect of the alpha lipoprotein fraction on the development of coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 173995
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus infections within families.
AB  - To examine intrafamily spread of respiratory syncytial virus infections and their
      associated illnesses, 36 families with 188 members were studied during an
      outbreak of such infections. Nurses visited every three to four days to obtain
      specimens for viral isolation and interview household members. The virus infected
      44.4 per cent of families, and 21.9 per cent of all members. All age groups had
      appreciable attack rates (with a range of 16.8 per cent in adults to 29.4 per
      cent in infants). In infected families, 45.9 per cent of members became infected,
      including 10 of 16 infants. Secondary attack rate for all ages was 27 per cent,
      and that for infants 45.4 per cent. An infant's older sibling appeared most
      likely to introduce the virus into the family. Associated acute respiratory
      illnesses occurred in 94.9 per cent of cases, and appeared more severe than those
      not associated with respiratory syncytial virus. When the virus was introduced
      into a family the high attack rate produced an illness of age-related severity.

PMID- 173996
TI  - Liver-cell adenomas associated with use of oral contraceptives.
AB  - During the past six years an increasing number of liver-cell adenomas in women
      were diagnosed, and we undertook a study of possible etiologic factors, including
      use of oral contraceptives, in 42 women. There was a significant difference
      between cases and matched controls in mean months of oral-contraceptive use: 73.4
      as compared to 36.2 (P less than 0.001). The women with adenomas took mestranol
      containing pills much more commonly than the controls (P less than 0.0001).
      Hemorrhage into the tumor was often associated with the onset of menstruation in
      women taking oral contraceptives. Long-term use of oral contraceptives,
      especially those containing a high total dose of steroids or mestranol as the
      synthetic estrogen, should be balanced against risks of side effects of the
      drugs.

PMID- 173998
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 9-1976.

PMID- 173997
TI  - Nonassociation of adrenocorticosteroid therapy and peptic ulcer.

PMID- 174000
TI  - Effect of oestrogen antagonist on hypothalamic oestrogen receptors.

PMID- 173999
TI  - Characterisation of a rotavirus.20b.

PMID- 174001
TI  - Experimental evidence that polyoma-specific tumour antigen is a virus-coded
      protein.

PMID- 174002
TI  - Correlation of polypeptide composition with antigenic variation in the swine
      vesicular disease and coxsackie B5 viruses.

PMID- 174003
TI  - Cyclic AMP-induced changes in protein synthesis in a cellular slime mould,
      Polysphondylium pallidum.

PMID- 174004
TI  - Interaction of multiplication-stimulating activity with chick embryo fibroblasts
      demonstrates a growth receptor.

PMID- 174005
TI  - Two sex steriod receptors in mouse fibroblasts in culture.

PMID- 174006
TI  - Genetic control of type C virus of wild mice.

PMID- 174007
TI  - Effect of experimental diabetes and insulin on phosphorylation of rat liver
      ribosomal protein S6.

PMID- 174008
TI  - [Lacrimators as acceptors for NADH].
AB  - Lachrymators of varied structure are reduced either by hydrogen addition or
      halogen substitution using NADH model compounds as donors. Similar compounds
      without lachrymatory activity were reduced either very slowly or not at all. CS
      (o-Chlorobenzalmalonitril) is reduced by NADH, the reaction being catalyzed by an
      enzyme present in erythrocytes. Thus the lachrymatory action follows a general
      scheme for the activity of sensory transduction. This scheme consists of a
      reception in the nerve cell membrane and a fast or simultaneous chemical
      transformation in an enzymic reaction.

PMID- 174009
TI  - Outbreaks of swine vesicular disease in japan: virus isolation and
      epizootiological survey.
AB  - Outbreaks of a vesicular disease occurred among pigs in Kanagawa and Ibaraki
      Prefectures in Japan in November, 1973. Another outbreak was observed in Aichi
      Prefecture in December. The clinical signs of the disease observed included fever
      and vesicular lesions on the coronary bands, bulbs of the heel and in the
      interdigital spaces. In some pigs, vesicular lesions were observed on the snout,
      tongue and skin overlying the legs and abdomen. All the vesicular samples
      produced cytopathic changes on cultures of primary swine kidney cells of PK-15
      cells. Three isolates of cytopathic agents tested were identified as swine
      vesicular disease virus from their physicochemical properties and antigenicity.
      The virus strains isolated from vesicular epithelial samples obtained from
      Ibaraki, Kanagawa and Aichi Prefectures were designated as Japan/Ibaraki/1/73,
      Japan/Kanagawa/1/73 and Japan/Aichi/1/73 strain, respectively. An outbreak of the
      disease among pigs due to swine vesicular disease virus was confirmed by the
      serum neutralization test with serum samples collected from pigs on affected
      farms. Approximately 80% of the pigs housed in affected shed showed high levels
      of neutralizing antibody titers. This is the first to report an occurrence of
      swine vesicular disease among pigs in Japan.

PMID- 174010
TI  - Diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection by complement fixation
      test.
AB  - The complement fixation test by the microtiter method was applied to the
      serological diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection. When
      used as complement fixing antigens, untreated infected cell culture fluid,
      fluorocarbon-treated, and ether-treated materials showed no differences in
      antigenicity among them. The complement fixing antigenicity of bovine RS virus
      appeared in bovine kidney and Vero cell cultures for the first time 4 days after
      inoculation. Both the infectivity and complement fixing antigenicity reached a
      maximum 6 days after inoculation. In detecting complement fixing antibody from
      infected cattle, the most outstanding specific reaction was obtained when 5%
      fresh normal calf serum had been added to the diluent of complement. Neutralizing
      and complement fixing antibodies were examined in serum samples from two cattle
      in the course of experimental infection. It was found that both antibodies turned
      to be positive 2 weeks after inoculation. There was a linear correlation between
      neutralizing and complement fixing antibody titers, when serum samples from 40
      natural cases were tested in the acute and convalescent stages. In addition,
      common antigenicity was demonstrated between the virus of bovine origin and the
      Long strain of human RS virus by complement fixation test.

PMID- 174011
TI  - Serological differentiation of bovine rhinoviruses.

PMID- 174012
TI  - [The Nijmegen growth study. Anthropometrical data on healthy Dutch children aged
      5 and one half, 8 and one half and 10 and one half years].

PMID- 174013
TI  - [Cholinergic mechanisms of interneuronal transmission in the retina].
AB  - Acetylcholine applied to the isolated perfused retina (frog and man) elicits a
      slow corneapositive potential. Such an effect of ACh besides the data known from
      the literature confirms an assumption on cholinergic synaptic transmission within
      the retina. The retinal potential elicited by ACh depends in its size and time
      course on definite parameters of the ACh application as well as on the
      illumination state of the retina: light stimulation diminishes the electrogenic
      action of ACh, flickering illumination being more effective than steady one. On
      the other hand electrical responsiveness of the retina to light lowered during
      the perfusion of the preparation with ACh. The b-wave seems to be the most
      sensitive part of the ERG and can be abolished completely, thus isolating the
      component PIII. The mentioned results as well as the data from the literature
      indicate the synapses between the first and second retinal neurons as the points
      of ACh action. Experimental results can be interpreted as the consequence of a
      desensitization of the cholinergic receptors within the retina.

PMID- 174014
TI  - [Synaptic processes in neurons of the cat pericruciate cortex evoked by pyramidal
      tract stimulation].
AB  - The influences of pyramidal tract stimulation on the activity of neurons in the
      pericruciate cortex were investigated on 423 neurons (81 neurons were studied
      intracellularly and 342--extracellularly), 78 of them having background activity.
      Pyramidal stimulation is shown to evoke not only antidromic spikes (0.5-16.0 ms
      latency) in the pyramidal cells, but also lateral and recurrent PSPs in the
      pyramidal and unidentified units of all cortical layers. IPSPs were observed in
      46.7% of the investigated neurons, EPSPs--in 21.0%, mixed responces--in 26.0%.
      The latency of IPSPs was 1.5-14.0 ms, their amplitude ranged from 1.3 to 17.0 mV,
      the duration of the rising phase varied from 4 to 18 ms and the whole duration
      was 18-120 ms reaching sometimes 250-500 ms. In 30% of cases it was possible to
      divide the IPSPs into two phases: a fast one with a duration of 10-20 ms and a
      slow one. The latency of IPSPs was 2.6-19.0 ms, their amplitude--1.0--7.8 mV and
      duration--from 10.0 to 50.0 ms. The antidromic discharge in the pyramidal tract
      inhibited the background activity for 200-400 ms in 51.2% of spontaneously active
      units; acceleration was observed in 19.5% and mixed effect in 7.4% of units. The
      participation of pyramidal axonal collaterals and cortical interneurons in
      generation of the described processes is discussed.

PMID- 174015
TI  - [Generation and propagation of direct responses of intact and chronically
      isolated strips of cortex].
AB  - Generation and transmission mechanisms of direct cortical responses were studied
      in the acute experiment on unanesthetized curarized cats ant intact cortex or a
      chronically isolated cortical strip. All studied properties of the direct
      response at the intact cortex and isolated strip of gyrus suprasilvius are
      identical. The blockage of cortical muscarinic cholinoreceptors between the
      stimulating and recording electrodes prevents or significantly decreases
      excitation transmission throught his part of the cortex. This can be explained by
      a polysynaptic mechanism of the response transmission. Neuronal nets providing
      the propagation of direct responses are anisotropic. Both normal and inverted (by
      GABA, nembutal or coagulation of the cortical surface) direct responses are
      increased aiter anticholinesterase drug (galanthamine) application. Amizil
      abolishes all these potential. A suggestion is made that both deep and
      superficial components of the direct cortical response are generated by
      endogenous cortical cholinergic elements.

PMID- 174016
TI  - [Postsynaptic membrane sensitivity to acetylcholine during blockade of excitatory
      transmission from nerve to skeletal muscle during long-term low-frequency
      transmission].
AB  - Blocking of myoneural transmission resulting from indirect low-frequency
      stimulation (fatigue) was not followed by amplitude changes in miniature end
      plate potentials and acetylcholine-potentials. A conclusion was drawn that in
      performed experiments the acetylcholine sensitivity of the postsynaptic membrane
      was not changed and the decrease of endplate potentials amplitude during fatigue
      was due to the lowering of EPPs quantum content. A reduction in the quantum
      content of EPP results from negative antidromic influence of the muscle on the
      motor nerve endings caused by chemical agents formed in muscle during its
      contractile appartus activity.

PMID- 174017
TI  - [The cerebrospinal fluid in ischialgias caused by damaged intervertebral disk].

PMID- 174018
TI  - [Unusual findings in a chronic lead polyneuropathy].

PMID- 174019
TI  - [Polyneuropathy in the sporadic paramyloidosis].

PMID- 174020
TI  - Incorporation of [3H] leucine into brain stem protein fractions: the effect of a
      behaviorally active, N-terminal fragment of ACTH in hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - In hypophysectomized rats, the incorporation of [3H] leucine into rat brain stem
      protein, measured 5 min after injection of the precursor into the diencephalon,
      was decreased. Chronic treatment of these rats with the N-terminal fragment of
      ACTH, ACTH1-10 increased the incorporation rate. Brain stem proteins were
      sequentially extracted with a hypotonic buffer, Triton X-100 and SDS. Analysis of
      these protein fractions on polyacrylamide gels revealed that hypophysectomy
      caused a general decrease in leucine incorporation into all protein species
      studied, whereas treatment of hypophysectomized rats with ACTH1-10 enhanced this
      incororation into all proteins. Superimposed on these general effects were minor
      differences found in two protein bands. Thus, removal of the pituitary and
      subsequent, chronic treatment of rats with ACTH1-10 interferes with overall
      protein metabolism rather than with certain protein species in particular.

PMID- 174021
TI  - [Clinical value of magnification cerebral angiography (author's transl)].
AB  - Magnification carotid and vertebral angiography was performed via femoral
      catheter with  magnification factor of 2.5 to 3.0, utilizing 0.1 X 0.1 ultra fine
      focal spot, manufactured by Shimadzu Seisakusho, Ltd. The standard angiograms
      were compared with magnification angiograms in a group of 67 patients with brain
      tumors and vascular disorders. The magnification angiography was more valuable 
      than conventional angiography in 12 of 17 vascular tumors, while it was rarely
      valuable for diagnosis of vascular tumors. Aneurysms, occlusive diseases,
      collateral vessels, and capillary blush were also visualized to better advantage
      on magnification angiograms. Magnification cerebral angiography is a useful tool
      for elucidating small vascular branches, but further refinement in the design of
      focal spots and angiographic techinques is required for further improvement of
      magnification cerebral angiography.

PMID- 174022
TI  - [The rapid microscopical diagnosis of brain and spinal cord tumors by cryostat
      cut frozen section (author's transl)].
AB  - The rapid histological diagnosis of neurosurgical biopsy material is of prime
      importance for the neurosurgeon. Cryostat-cut sections of fresh frozen tissues
      have been used in our department. The surgical materials are rapidly frozen at -
      150 degrees C, and serial sections, 10 microns thick,  are cut in a cryostat at 
      18 degrees to -20 degrees C. The sections are  adhered to cover glasses and
      stained with Metachrome solution (a mixture of 1% Azure A and 0.5% Erie Garnet
      B). The rapid and accurate diagnosis can be obtained within 5 minutes. The
      advantage of cryostat-cut frozen section is the preservation of cell density and
      tissue architecture, which is most important in the diagnosis of neurosurgical
      materials, especially in case of diffusely infiltrating glioma. The previously
      reported methods, such as smear technique and frozen sections by using freezing
      microtome are also reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 174023
TI  - [The effect of radiotherapy for glioblastoma: a review of 516 cases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 516 cases of supratentorial glioblastoma, treated in the Department of Surgical
      Neurology, University of Edinburgh from 1950 through 1970, were analysed with a
      particular attention to the effect of radiotherapy and the factors contributing
      to better prognosis. The length of postoperative survival was known in 349 cases
      and it was more than one month in 238 cases. A megavoltage linear accelerator was
      introduced in 1955 for radiotherapy of glioblastoma and steroids were started to
      be used almost routinely in 1966 for pre- and postoperative peritumoral cerebral
      edema. The policies of the treatment of glioblastoma in this series were; 1) to
      establish the histological diagnosis and 2) to prolong "useful" postoperative
      survival of the patient. Among the 516 cases, 271 cases (52.5%) were treated by
      biopsy alone. More radical procedures and/or radiotherapy were indicated only
      when survival of the patient was expected to be "useful" for himself and his
      family. "Useful" life was defined as the condition where the patient was
      conscious and orientated, and would, on the whole, be glad that he was still
      alive. Patients with disturbed consciousness, profound aphasia, bedridden or
      mentally disorganized, were regarded as having useless life. Radiotherapy, if
      indicated, was given by a 4-megavoltage linear accelerator to the whole brain
      with a total dose of 4500 rads in a period of 4 weeks. In order to evaluate the
      effect of radiotherapy, 238 cases who survived more than one month
      postoperatively were selected, because it took at least one month to complete the
      course of radiotherapy, because most cases with a biopsy alone survived less than
      one month, and because unexpected early death due to postoperative complications
      occurred in one month. The average survival for the irradiated 138 cases was 13.8
      months, as compared to 5.2 months for the non-irradiated 100 cases. This
      difference of 8.6 months was highly significant as confirmed statistically by U
      test. Although patients with profound aphasia or severe dimentia were not
      irradiated, aphasia and dimentia would not affect the length of biological
      survival of the patient. Therefore, the difference of 8.6 months could be
      considered as the biological effect of radiotherapy. Among the factors
      considered, young age, early epilepsy and relatively benign histology
      (astrocytoma, grade 3) appeared to be related to better prognosis. There was no
      evidence that a macroscopic circumscribed appearance would contribute to better
      prognosis. In conclusion, radiotherapy should be indicated for the cases whose
      survival is expected to be "useful", although its effect is limited.

PMID- 174024
TI  - [Morphological differentiation in vitro of human continuous and functional
      neuroblastoma cell line, NB-I under treatment of (But)2cAMP (author's transl)].
AB  - Human neuroblastoma cell line (NB-I), obtained from metastatic neck lymph node of
      2.3 y-o, boy, is established and maintained in vitro for more than 3 years in our
      department. The cells have been proliferated in 10% calf serum in EAGLE's medium,
      in closed stational culture system. The cell line has characteristic activities
      of rather rapid growth (Tg = 40 or 50h, 1974) catecholamine metabolism and
      chromosomal abnormality, bearing two marker chromosomes. NB-I cells are uncloned
      because of co-adhesiveness but biochemically identified as adrenergic line.
      Morphologically, they are round or tear-drop like in shape with delicate short
      protoplasmic processes. NB-I cells exhibit remarkable morphological
      differentiation and maturation under treatment of (But)2cAMP (final
      concentration, 1mM/ml). A longer time (1-2 weeks) for differentiation, however,
      is needed in comparison with that of mouse neuroblastoma cell lines. The NB-I
      cells exhibit hypertrophy of cytoplasma and nuclei in size, elongation of
      cytoplasmic processes, as well as the tendency of flattness and multipolarity of
      cells. Electronmicroscopically, the cells that showed scant organella but
      plentiful polysomes in the specimen, obtained during autopsy, reveal an increase
      of cell organellae after implantation in vitro: Golgi apparatus, neurotubules and
      neural dense bodies appeared in cytoplasma. These organellae characteristic of
      sympathetic neuron are much more increased under treatment of (But)2cAMP in 3
      weeks. Core-vesicle like dense bodies are extremely rich in periphery of
      perikaryon and elongated processes (100 - 150 mu in diameter). Microtubules are
      also increased, running in bundles in processes. The NB-I cells are considered to
      differentiate and approach to matured neurons in vitro.

PMID- 174025
TI  - The effect of LSD upon sponstaneous PGO wave activity and REM sleep in the cat.

PMID- 174026
TI  - 'Glioblastoma'. Induction of a reproducible autochonous tumor in rats with murine
      sarcoma virus.
AB  - Inoculation of 0.02 ml of high-titer Kirsten strain Murine Sarcoma Virus into the
      brains of 10-day-old Wistar/Furth rats yields, with 100 percent incidence, a
      uniform glioblastoma-like tumor within 16 days. Light and electronmicroscopy
      confirmed the neuroectodermal origin of the parenchymal cells. The remarkable
      vascular component was studied with extracellular tracers. The permeability of
      the abnormal endothelium to constituents of the blood vascular compartment was
      confirmed. Accessory vascular channels, and blood channels devoid of endothelium
      entirely, were observed. This reporducible system should provide a useful model
      for further studies of the biology of brain tumors.

PMID- 174027
TI  - Jaw and blind reflexes in trigeminal nerve lesions. An electrodiagnostic study.
AB  - Eighteen patients with intracranial trigeminal nerve lesions were investigated
      electrodiagnostically. The trigeminal motor root function was studied on the
      basis of the jaw reflex and masseter myograms and was disturbed in all cases. The
      jaw reflexes were abnormal in 16 and the masseter myograms in eight cases. An
      impressive trigeminal sensory root function was obtained from blink reflex, which
      was abnormal in 12 cases. The results show the diagnostic value of bilateral
      recording of the jaw reflex in such patients.

PMID- 174028
TI  - [Myoclonal encephalopathy in children. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems].

PMID- 174029
TI  - Influence of chronic administration of phenylmercuric acetate on the peripheral
      nerve system of rat.

PMID- 174030
TI  - Phosphodiesterase activity of nervous tissue in experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 174031
TI  - [The determination of receptors for estradiol in breast carcinomas and the
      possibilities of endocrine therapy].

PMID- 174032
TI  - [Electromyographic and blood chemical changes in the transition from conservative
      therapy to short-term hemodialytic treatment. Preliminary data].

PMID- 174033
TI  - [Symptomatology and clinical aspects of inadequate dialysis].

PMID- 174034
TI  - Electromyographic indices in the evaluation of peripheral neuron damage in short
      term hemodialysis treatment.

PMID- 174035
TI  - Type V hyperlipoproteinaemia: a family study.
AB  - Family screening for hyperlipoproteinaemia was undertaken when a patient
      presented with myocardial infarction in association with Type V
      hyperlipoproteinaemia. The clinical features of this unusual form of
      hyperlipoproteinaemia are discussed together with its frequency in the general
      population and in relatives of affected patients.

PMID- 174036
TI  - The prevalence of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea and infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis viruses in diagnostic sera from New Zealand cattle.

PMID- 174037
TI  - New nomenclature for vulvar disease.

PMID- 174038
TI  - Herpesvirus infection in the newborn. Its treatment by exchange transfusion and
      adenosine arabinoside.
AB  - A case is reported of herpesvirus infection in the newborn following maternal
      genital herpesvirus infection. The rationale for treating a newborn infant with
      signs of disseminated herpesvirus infection by exchange transfusion in addition
      to adenosine arabinoside is discussed. Because of the lack of data concerning
      therapy for a disease with a 50 to 100% mortality rate, it is important to
      present material such as this in order to provide information about possible new
      therapeutic modalities.

PMID- 174039
TI  - Paget's disease of the vulva. Recurrence in skin grafts.
AB  - This report is directed toward problems with recurrent Paget's disease of the
      vulva. In addition, the behavior of a skin graft within the anal canal and
      recurrent disease within two separate grafts warrants recognition.

PMID- 174040
TI  - Trial of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU; NSC-79037) in
      advanced bronchogenic carcinoma 1,2,3.
AB  - A total of 103 patients with lung cancer was treated with CCNU 130 mg/m2 orally
      every 6 weeks; 65 patients survived at least 6 weeks. Partial responses occurred
      in 7 patients. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea were frequent toxic
      effects. CCNU has slight efficacy in advanced lung cancer. No increase in
      survival was attributed to therapy.

PMID- 174042
TI  - Solubilized nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from normal rat mammary glands
      and from transplantable R-35 rat mammary tumors.
AB  - The three major nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (enzymes I, II and III)
      were present in nuclear extracts from transplantable R-35 rat mammary tumors.
      Except for somewhat less enzyme III, their relative distribution resembled that
      of nuclear extracts from late-pregnant rats. When enzyme II from normal tissue
      extracts was incubated for RNA synthesis with cyclic AMP, inhibition was
      frequently observed, but this occurred less often with nuclear extracts from the
      R-35 tumor. In some experiments with both normal and tumor tissue, cyclic AMP and
      cyclic GMP increased the apparent activity of nucleolar enzyme Ib and
      nucleoplasmic enzyme II, respectively. Nuclear extracts from both normal and
      tumor tissue contain proteins which bind radioactive cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.
      Their patterns of binding were not identical. These results are consistent with
      the following hypothesis: altered binding by the tumor of cyclic nucleotides to
      putative nuclear 'r-gulatory' proteins (e.g. protein kinase subunits, or possibly
      other high affinity cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins unrelated to protein
      kinases) contributes to atative nuclear 'regularory' proteins (e.g. protein
      kinase subunits, or possibly other high affinity cyclic nucleotide-binding
      proteins unrelated to protein kinases) contributes to and may be responsible for
      some of the differences in response to cyclic nucleotides that were observed. It
      is possible that such defects occur in other tumors, or even represent a
      fundamental defect in all cancer cells. Several explanations for these results
      are discussed.

PMID- 174041
TI  - A phase III study in lung carcinoma comparing hexamethyl-melamine (NSC 13875) to
      dibromodulcitol (NSC 104800) 1,2.
AB  - A phase III study was designed comparing the effectiveness of Hexamethyl-melamine
      (NSC 13875) to Dibromodulcitol (NSC 104800) in lung carcinoma. 250 of the 316
      patients entered on the study were stratified into groups according to stage of
      disease and cell type. The results showsed Hexamethylmelamine to be more
      effective in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and slightly superior to
      Dibromodulcitol in patients with anaplastic/undifferentiated cell carcinoma,
      whereas Dibromodulcitol proved to be more effective in patients with
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 174043
TI  - Stimulatory effect of a serum factor on DNA synthesis in isolated hepatoma
      nuclei.
AB  - A serum protein present in normal rat serum and absent from the serum of hepatoma
      bearing animals at advanced stages has a stimulatory effect on 3H-thymidine
      incorporation into hepatoma cells in suspension. Liver cells maintained in a
      similar suspension are not affected by the factor. The stimulation appears to be
      at the level of chromatin or DNA. Isolated membrane-denuded nuclei from Morris
      hepatoma 7777 incorporate more 3H-TTP when the factor is present in the
      incubation mixture. Nuclei from host liver are not stimulated. The factor also
      stimulates incorporation of 3H-TTP in a system using calf thymus DNA as primer
      and an extracted DNA polymerase. In this system incorporation is stimulated with
      DNA polymerase from both tissues, host liver and hepatoma 7777. It is concluded
      that the factor does not act on the DNA polymerase but on chromatin or DNA.

PMID- 174044
TI  - Study on the photochemical reaction of HCN and its polymer products relating to
      primary chemical evolution.
AB  - The photochemical reaction of HCN at 184.9 nm is studied in the gas phase. (CN)2,
      H2, CH4, NH3, N2H4, C2H6, and CH3NH2 are identified as gas phase products, and a
      reaction mechanism is proposed. HCN polymers are also obtained as solid reaction
      products, and their structure is investigated by Infrared Spectorscopy, UV
      Visible Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, and Amino Acid Analysis. The process and
      nature of the formation of the polymers are discussed.

PMID- 174045
TI  - [Letter: Clinical aspects of Tangier disease].

PMID- 174046
TI  - The influence of pinealectomy and of pinealectomy combined with thymectomy
      oncogenesis caused by polyoma virus in rats.
AB  - The inoculation of Polyoma virus suspension to neonatal pinealectomized rats did
      not provoke a growth of neoplasia. However, if the pinealectomy was combined with
      neonatal thymectomy, renal tumors occured in a rate of 50 of animals. An
      incidence of renal tumors was observed also in 57.6% of thymectomized rats, but
      not in non operated control group. The stimulating effect of pinealectomy on the
      growth of transplantable tumors has already been described several times (2, 3,
      6, 8). The question of a possible change in the viral oncogenesis after
      pinealectomy was raised. For this reason Polyoma virus was used and its oncogenic
      effect was studied on the neonatally pinealectomized rats, on rats neonatally
      thymectomized and on neonatally pinealectomized rats which were simultaneously
      thymectomized.

PMID- 174047
TI  - [Corticosterone, a synchronizing factor for liver cells].
AB  - The clone Fu 5 a of the Reuber Hepatoma cell line was incubated with
      corticosterone for 48 hours. The incorporation of labelled thymidine into DNA was
      inhibited to 10%. After this time corticosterone was removed from the medium. The
      DNA-synthesis increased for ten hours, the maximum was sixteen times higher than
      in the controls. The conclusion drawn was that corticosterone is able to block
      liver cells in a part of G1 phase of the cell cycle, so that the cells become
      synchronous.

PMID- 174048
TI  - A study of the immuno-suppressive activity of Herpes simplex virus type 2 and the
      tumor enhancing potential of the virus on Yoshida sarcoma.
AB  - The relative delays of Yoshida sarcoma (YS) tumor induction were used as
      indicator for the immunosuppressive potential caused by the subcutaneous
      infection of Sprague-Dawley rats with approximately 10(7) TCD50 HSV-2. The tumor
      formation is clearly accelerated and the number of tumors is increased as
      compared to sham injected rats. The impairment of immunity is at its maximum when
      the virus and the YS cells are applied simultaneously, whereas virus given after
      the tumor is of no consequence. The adoptive neutralization test of Winn showed
      that the neutralization potential of spleen cells originating from HSV-2 infected
      donors is decreased from day 8 to day 11 post infection but rturns back to normal
      a week later. The stimulation of spleen cells with PHA is reduced up to 50% of
      control values on day 6 to 8 post virus infection but PFC and RFC values are not
      noticeably affected and neither are the hemagglutination titres. The implications
      of the immuno-suppressive faculty of HSV-2 for human genital malignancies are
      discuss.ed.

PMID- 174049
TI  - [Role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of bronchopulmonary diseases in
      newborn infants and small children].

PMID- 174050
TI  - Effects of the diazafluoranthen derivative AC-3579 (NSC-170561), a new
      experimental antitumour drug, on rat hepatoma.
AB  - The effects of AC-3579 (NSC-170561), a new experimental antitumour drug which
      depresses phospholipid catabolism in liver, were compared in rat aflatoxin
      induced hepatoma and in non-neoplastic hepatocytes surrounding the tumour.
      Ultrastructural lesions, characterized by the hypertrophy of the smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum and the presence of lamellate cytosomes appeared in both
      tissues. They were less marked in hepatoma than in non-neoplastic cells. As in
      control livers, they were related to an invrease in pohspholipid concentration
      due to the decrease of phospholipid breakdown. In addition, chemical analysis
      demonstrated differences between hepatoma, non-neoplastic aflatoxin-treated liver
      and control liver: total and free cholesterol were decreased, relative
      concentration of sphingomyelin increased and that of phosphatidylethanolamine
      decreased by about 50%, in both hepatoma and non-neoplastic liver. Phospholipid
      concentration was decreased by 50% in tumour cells. After AC-3579 treatment total
      cholesterol was increased 3.2 fold in non-neoplastic liver and 2.5 fold in
      hepatoma but not in control liver.

PMID- 174051
TI  - Fat accumulation in tha adrenal gland: effect of oestradiol benzoate on the zona
      reticularis of the Mongolian gerbil adrenal gland.
AB  - Oestrogen promotes accumulation of abundant lipid droplets in the zona
      reticularis of the Mongolian gerbil. Lipid was observed in zona reticularis
      parenchymal cells but droplets were especially numerous in macrophages.
      Enlargement of lipid droplets was facilitated by an envelopment with lysosomal
      membranes. Focal areas or entire parenchymal cells may then undergo degeneration
      and necrosis and be incorporated into large macrophages recognizable by distinct
      areas of lipid-containing material as well as by small mitochondria with short
      cristae. Oestrogen may well act directly on zona reticularis cells inasmuch as
      nafoxidine, an antioestrogen, prevents these changes. Zona fasciculata cells were
      identical to those in controls and an intermediate region between the zona
      fasciculata and zona reticularis persists, although concentric whorls of rough
      endoplasmic reticulum seen in controls were replaced by disorganized, randomly
      dispersed cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Oestrogen does not elevate
      cortisol in the plasma.

PMID- 174052
TI  - [Hematologic changes in rabbits under the influence of calf thymus extracts].

PMID- 174054
TI  - Apneic spells and sleep states in preterm infants.
AB  - The incidence of apneic spells during different sleep states active sleep, quiet
      sleep, and undifferentiated sleep was determined in eight preterm infants of 30
      to 35 weeks' conceptional age, by means of a polygraphic recording technique.
      They were free of perinatal and postnatal complications other than apnea. During
      their active or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep they showed significantly more
      apneic episodes which were also longer lasting and they were accompanied by
      bradycardia of a greater severity. The organization of the immature nervous
      system with a preponderance of inhibitory synaptic connections and the additional
      inhibition of spinal motoneurons during REM sleep are likely to be the cause of
      apneic spells in otherwise "normal" preterm infants.

PMID- 174053
TI  - Early effects of inorganic lead on immature rat brain mitochondrial respiration.
AB  - Inorganic lead, added to the diet of suckling rat in high doses, produces an
      encephalopathy similar to that seen in the immature human. Pathologic changes of
      edema and hemorrhage are seen earliest and are most prominent in the cerebellum.
      In this study, we measured respiration in cerebral hemisphere and cerebellar
      mitochondria isolated from led-fed and age-matched normal rat pups. Lactating
      mothers were begun on ad libitum feedins containing 4% lead carbonate when their
      pups were 2 weeks old. Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation.
      Oxygen consumption was measured polarographically, NAD-linked respiration was
      measured with oxidation of the substrate pair, glutamate and malate. Cytochrome
      oxidase (cytochrome c oxidase, EC. 1.9.3.1) activity was measured in the presence
      of tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (TMPD) and ascorbate. Within 2
      days of starting lead feedings, rat pups showed a significant loss in body weight
      (P less than 0.02) and, after 1 week, a significant loss in cerebral hemisphere
      wet weight (P less than 0.01) compared with controls. Overt encephalopathy
      appeared in pups from two of nine litters receiving lead feedings for 1 week and
      in half of the litters after 2 weeks of feedings. None of the lead-fed mothers
      developed encephalopathic signs. With oxidation of the NAD-linked substrate pair,
      there was a progressive decrease, relative to controls, in ADP/O ratios in both
      cerebellar and cerebral mitochondria from lead-fed animals. After 2 weeks these
      differences were significant in mitochondria from both regions (cerebellum, P
      less than 0.02; cerebrum, P less than 0.005). Respiratory control ratios were
      significantly lower in cerebellar mitochondria from lead-fed rats within 2 days
      of beginning feedings (P less than 0.02) and in mitochondria from both regions
      after 2 weeks of lead feedings (cerebellum, P less than 0.01; cerebrum, P less
      than 0.05). The decrease in control ratios in cerebellar mitochondria from
      animals receivint lead feedings for 1 week or less was due to a small decrease in
      state 3 respiration and a large, but inconsistent, increase in state 4
      respiration. The decrease in control ratios in both cerebellar and cerebral
      hemisphere mitochondria after 2 weeks of lead feedings was due to a marked
      inhibition of state 3 respiration, relative to controls (cerebellum, P less than
      0.01; cerebral hemisphers, P less than 0.05). In cerebellar mitochondria from
      lead-fed animals, cytochrome oxidase activity showed similar changes compared
      with controls: a highly significant (P less than 0.001) increase within 2 days of
      beginning feedings and a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease after 2 weeks of
      feedings.

PMID- 174055
TI  - Cerebellar hypoplasia in an infant with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

PMID- 174056
TI  - Effect of breast-feeding on seroresponse of infants to oral poliovirus
      vaccination.
AB  - Three hundred Indian infants between 6 and 51 weeks of age were divided into six
      groups and given three doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) of known
      adequate potency. One group was on unrestricted breast-feeding with mandatory
      breast-feed during the interval between 30 minutes before and 15 minutes after
      each dose of OPV. In four groups of infants breast-feeding was withheld for
      three, four, five, and six hours both before and after each dose of OPV. The
      sixth group was bottle-fed. Samples of blood were collected from all infants
      before vaccination and from 227 infants further samples were collected four weeks
      after the first and/or third doses of OPV. Antibody responses to poliovirus types
      1, 2, and 3 were determined following one dose and three doses of OPV, and the
      rates of response were found to be approximately equal in all groups of breast
      fed infants irrespective of their feeding schedules, as well as in bottle-fed
      infants. Thus breast-feeding is shown to have no inhibitory effect on antibody
      response of infants beyond the newborn period to OPV.

PMID- 174057
TI  - Pediatric familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia: therapy with diet and colestipol
      resin.
AB  - Effects of a low-cholesterol, polyunsaturate-rich diet and a synthetic organic
      bile sequestrant polymer (U26,597A, colestipol) were studied in 21 children,
      heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia. Total cholesterol, beta
      lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured twice on habitual diet,
      monthly for six months on a low-cholesterol diet, and monthly for six months on
      low-cholesterol diet plus 10 gm of colestipol per day. Total cholesterol (mean +/
      1 SD) was 295 +/- 37 on habitual diet, 278 +/- 29 on low-cholesterol diet, and
      fell significantly to 242 +/- 29 mg/100 ml on diet plus colestipol. Low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was 234 +/- 37 on habitual diet, 220 +/- 28 on low
      cholesterol diet, and fell significantly to 179 +/- 26 mg/100 ml on diet plus
      drug. Plasma triglyceride levels on habitual diet were 79 +/- 31, remained
      unchanged on low-cholesterol diet, 86 +/- 22, and were unaffected by low
      cholesterol diet plus drug, 85 +/- 17 mg/100 ml. On diet alone, plasma LDL was
      not normalized (less than 170 mg/100 ml) in any of the 21 children, and
      cholesterol fell to within normal limits (less than 230 mg/100 ml) in only one
      child. The combination of diet plus colestipol resin normalized total and LDL
      cholesterol in 52% of the children. Cholesterol was lowered to a "moderately
      elevated" range of 230 to 250 mg/100 ml in an additional 14% of the children and
      LDL was lowered to a range of 170 to 190 mg/100 ml in an additional 29%. In 33%
      of the children, cholesterol remained greater than 250 mg/100 ml despite diet
      plus colestipol,  while LDL was greater than 190 mg/100 ml in 19%. Colestipol is
      an effective and well-tolerated cholesterol lowering compound which, in
      conjunction with diet, may prove to be very useful in the treatment of children
      heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 174059
TI  - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia due to adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 174058
TI  - Studies on chromoproteins of cardiac and skeletal muscle of caimans (Caiman
      sclerops).
AB  - In a number of caimans (Caiman sclerops) we were unable to find traces of
      myoglobin in any of the histologically clearly cross-striated cardiac and
      skeletal muscles using spectrometric methods. The red colour of the heart is due
      to a high concentration of cytochrome c. This substance was also found in the
      muscles of the neck, back, tail, and the anterior extremities.

PMID- 174060
TI  - Potential use of ascorbic acid as a pituitary and adrenal scintigraphic agent.
AB  - The distribution of intravenously administered 14C-ascorbic acid (AA) into
      various tissues of the dog, and the effect of dexamethasone and ACTH
      administration on the AA distribution was studied. As a function of time, the
      differences of 14C-AA distribution between adrenal and surrounding organs become
      greater, and 24 hours after the administration of the dose, the adrenal to liver
      ratio, as well as adrenal to kidney, is about 10:1. Also concentration of AA in
      the pituitary showed a gradual increase and reached its peak between 24 and 48
      hours. Dexamethasone administration lowered significantly the uptake of 14C-AA by
      the adrenals, but did not affect the uptake by the pituitary. Three consecutive
      days administration of ACTH did not affect the uptake of the drug by either
      glands, but one single dose of ACTH administered one hour prior to the 14C-AA
      increased the uptake of AA by both glands. These results indicate that properly
      labeled AA may be an effective pituitary and adrenal scanning agent. Possible
      ways of labeling AA without changing its pharmacological properties are
      suggested.

PMID- 174062
TI  - Program evaluation: what to ask before you start.

PMID- 174063
TI  - Lead, mercury, and cadmium pollution.

PMID- 174061
TI  - Hydrolysis in 2'-chloro-2'-deoxy nucleosides, -nucleotides and -polynucleotides
      to arabinose-derivatives.
AB  - The rate of hydrolysis of 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine and -uridine, and their 5'
      phosphates, -diphosphates and polymers to the corresponding arabinocytidine and
      arabinouridine derivatives in the presence of Tris-HCL pH 8.9 is determined. This
      rate is highest for the nucleosides, less for the 5'-phosphates and 5'
      diphosphates and even less for the polynucleotides. In the the 2'-chloro-2'
      deoxyuridine series the O2, 2'-cyclonucleoside was formed in addition to the
      arabinonucleoside.

PMID- 174064
TI  - Hepatitis: two elusive viruses.

PMID- 174065
TI  - On some correlations between adrenergic and serotoninergic mechanisms of
      convulsive-seizure reactivity.

PMID- 174066
TI  - The influence of fluphenazine on the interaction of noradrenaline and serotonin.
AB  - The neurotransmitter catecholamines control metabolism 5-HT in pineal gland by
      stimulating pineal serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) activity [1, 2]. To
      prove the influence of FP on the metabolism 5-HT provoked by norepinephrine was
      tested. Rat pineal gland were incubated in media containing 5-HT- 14C or 5-HT-
      14C and FP (1-10(-6)-1-10(-4) M). Norepinephrine (1-10(-6)-1-10(-4)M) was added
      at the start of the experiment. The level of cyclic 3',5'-AMP, activity of HIOMT
      and metabolites of 5-HT-14C was examined. The results have suggested that the FP
      inhibit the provoked by norepinephrine metabolism of 5-HT in the rat pineal gland
      by decrease the formation of c-3',5'-AMP.

PMID- 174067
TI  - Viral hepatitis--a primer: 1. Epidem.iology.
AB  - Hepatitis A is most often transmitted by the fecal-oral route under conditions of
      crowding, poor hygiene, and prolonged exposure to infected persons. Direct spread
      of hepatitis B via person-to person contact has only recently been proved.
      Hepatitis B is usually transmitted indirectly proved. Hepatitis B is usually
      transmitted indirectly by percutaneous routes, and the increase in drug abuse has
      brought about a change in its epidemiologic pattern.

PMID- 174068
TI  - [Use of silica gel in the preparation of pure cultures of obligate methane
      oxidizing microorganisms].

PMID- 174069
TI  - [Preparation of highly puried pepsin by aminosilichrome chromatography].
AB  - The procedure for preparing highly purfied pepsin by chromatography on silicon
      dioxide with attached aminogroups (aminosilochrome) has been devised. Pepsin is
      eluated step=by-step: 0.0025 M and 0.05 M HCl. Results of disc-electrophoresis of
      purified pepsin bive evidence that the resultant preparation contains no
      admixtures. The activity of purified pepsin is 69 units per mg.

PMID- 174070
TI  - Arterial metabolism in primates.

PMID- 174071
TI  - Circulating lipoproteins in nonhuman primates.

PMID- 174072
TI  - Coronary artery fine structure in rhesus monkeys: the early atherosclerotic
      lesion and its progression.

PMID- 174073
TI  - Cellular levels of feedback regulator of adenylate cyclase and the effect of
      epinephrine and insulin.
AB  - We have obtained direct evidence that shows the cellular formation and subsequent
      release of a potent inhibitor (feedback regulator) of adenylate cyclase [ATP
      pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] by adipocytes, upon stimulation with
      epinephrine. The appearance of such a feedback regulator in adipocytes preceded
      its release into the medium. During a 30 min incubation, intracellular regulator
      levels rose rapidly and reached 39-61 units/g of adipocyte at 10 min. Release of
      inhibitor into the medium increased slowly and was 11-16 units/g of adipocyte at
      10 min. Upon continued incubation, the cells at 30 min contained 30-41 units/g of
      ingibitor, slightly less than the content at 30 min; meanwhile, the medium
      content rose more than 3-fold. The inhibitor from both locations appeared to have
      the same characteristics, judging from the purification procedures and the
      biological activities on hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase
      was inhibited by the feedback regulator in vitro when either epinephrine,
      corticotropin (ACTH), or glucagon was used as activator. The site of action of
      this inhibitor is therefore most likely beyond the specific hormone receptors. A
      new in vitro action of insulin has been found. Insulin, 50-500 microunits/ml,
      inhibited the formation and release of this factor from isolated rat or hamster
      adipocytes by 29-81% after these cells were stimulated by hormones that raise
      intracellular adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate. This factor enhaced the
      effect of insulin in lowering the adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate levels in
      fresh rat adipocytes. A reduced formation of such a factor may modify the
      metabolic events in adipocytes, and some as yet unexplained effects of insulin
      could therefore be linked to the metabolic effects of this factor.

PMID- 174075
TI  - Mapping of biological functions on RNA of avian tumor viruses: location of
      regions required for transformation and determination of host range.
AB  - A map of the large T1 oligonucleotides of the RNA of Prague Rous sarcoma virus,
      strain B (Pr RSVb) has recently been established (Coffin and Billeter, submitted
      for publication). Since the RNA of Rous associated virus, type 1 (RAV-1) lacks
      many of the large 1 oligonucleotides of Pr RSV-B and contains others not present
      in the latter, the RNA of recombinants between RAV-1 and Pr RSV-B could be
      analyzed with regard to the origin of its sequences. Recombinants were selected
      for transforming capacity (characteristic for Pr RSV-B) and ability to grow on
      C/B chicken fibroblasts (characteristic for RAV-1). Four out of five recombinants
      examined had undergone at least two crossovers. The set of Pr RSV-B-specific
      oligonucleotides present in all recombinants defined an RNA region near the
      poly(A) segment; this must contain genetic information required for
      transformation required for transformation (the onc function). All recombinants
      lost a set of contiguous Pr RSV-B-specific oligonucleotides and concomitantly
      acquired a set of RAV-1-specific oligonucleotides. These define a region in the
      middle section of the oligonucleotide map, all or some of which must be required
      for determining growth capacity on C/B cells (the env function).

PMID- 174074
TI  - The effect of nerve growth factor on cycle AMP levels in superior cerival ganglia
      of the rat.
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF) produces a several-fold increase in the cyclic AMP
      concentration in rat superior cervical ganglia in organ culture within 5 min. An
      increase can be seen with as little as 40 ng/ml of NGF. Oxidized NGF is without
      effect. The increase in the cAMP concentration produced by NGF is prevented by
      the addition of antiserum to NGF.

PMID- 174076
TI  - On the iron-sulfur cluster in hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum W5.
AB  - Hydrogenase, purified to an average specific activity of 328 mumol of H2
      evolved/(min X mg of protein) from Clostridium pasteurianum W5, was found to have
      4-5 Fe and 4-5 labile sulfur atoms per molecule of 60,000 molecular weight, in
      contrast with earlier reports of 12 Fe per molecule. Displacement of the iron
      sulfur cluster from hydrogenase by thiophenol in 80% hexamethyl phosphoramide:20%
      H2O yielded the Fe4S4 (thiophenyl)4 dianion according to absorption spectroscopy.
      Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at 12 K showed that the iron-sulfur
      cluster in the enzyme could be reduced by the H2 to a state (g-values of 2.098,
      1.970, and 1.898) similar to that in reduced ferredoxin and could be oxidized by
      dichlorophenolindophenol or H+ to a state (g-values at 2.099, 2.041, and 2.001)
      similar to that in high potential iron-sulfur proteins. These oxidations and
      reductions appeared to occur within the turnover time of the enzyme. Deuterium
      failed to narrow the electron paramagnetic resonance signal in either state, but
      the competitive inhibitor carbon monoxide reversibly formed a compound with
      either state and substantially altered the electron paramagnetic resonance. 13CO
      produced a broadening of these signals, suggesting the formation of a direct CO
      complex with the iron-sulfur cluster. These data are consistent with a model of
      the active site of the enzyme in which a four-iron four-sulfur cluster is a
      component that can accept one or two electrons from and donate either one or two
      electrons to substrates, and in which the iron-sulfur cluster serves as the site
      of binding of gaseous ligands.

PMID- 174077
TI  - Human papillomavirus DNA: physical map.
AB  - Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA form I (supercoiled) was prepared from plantar
      warts. HPV DNA was cleaved with restriction enzymes obtained from the following
      sources: escherichia coli (EcoRI), Hemophilus influenzae strain Rd (both
      unfractionated Hind and aeparated HindII and HindIII enzymes) and Hemophilus
      parainfluenzae (HpaI). The cleavage products were analyzed by polyacrylamide
      gradient slab gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. HPV DNA was cleaved
      into two fragments by EcoRI (87% and 13% of the genome) and into six fragments,
      ranging in size from 33.5 to 1.2% of the genome, by Hind endonucleases. The six
      Hind fragments result from the cleavage of three sequences recognized by HindII,
      two of which are also cleaved by HpaI, and of three sequence recognized by
      HindIII. The order of these fragments was determined by comparing their size with
      that of the fragments obtained with HindII, HindIII, HpaI, and the mixture of
      HindIII + Hpal. The two EcoRI cleavage sites were located on two adjacent Hind
      fragments and one of these sites has been taken for the zero point to construct a
      physical map. The treatment of superhelical HPV DNA with bacteriophage T4 gene 32
      protein yields circular structures with a denaturation loop. The cleavage of
      these complexes with EcoRI and HindIII has shown two easily denatured regions
      which were located on the cleavage map.

PMID- 174078
TI  - Association of a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase with a purified
      translational inhibitor isolated from hemin-deficient rabbit reticulocyte
      lysates.
AB  - In the absence of added hemin, protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates
      proceeds at maximal linear rates for several minutes and then ceases abruptly.
      Inhibition involves the action of a translational inhibitor whose formation is
      regulated by hemin. Addition of the isolated inhibitor to hemin-supplemented
      lysates produces an inhibition of protein chain initiation similar to that
      observed in heme-deficiency. The inhibitor has been purified over 300-fold and
      contains a protein kinase activity that copurifies with the inhibitory function.
      With calf thymus histone II as the phosphate receptor, the inhibitor-associated
      protein kinase requires ATP as the phosphorylating agent. Cycle AMP stimulates
      kinase activity 5- to 8-fold; the concentration of cycle AMP required for
      halfmaximal activity is 4 X 10-8 M. Preincubation of the inhibitor in the
      presence of cyclic AMP significantly reduces cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation
      and inhibitory activity. The corresponding protein kinase activity from hemin
      supplemented lysates displays reduced cyclic AMP-dependency and little or no
      inhibitory activity. These findings suggest that the protein kinase activity
      associated with the purified translational inhibitor is involved in the mechanism
      of inhibition of initiation observed in hemedeficient reticulocyte lysates.

PMID- 174079
TI  - Determination of the number of superhelical turns in simian virus 40 DNA by gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Closed-circular, superhelical DNA from simian virus 40 (SV40 DNA I) was treated
      with an excess of DNA-relaxing enzyme in the presence of increasing amounts of
      ethidium bromide (EtdBr). After removal of the ethidium, each sample consisted of
      a group of close-circular DNA molecules differing in their number of superhelical
      turns (tau) around a mean value of tau in a Gaussian-like distribution. The DNA
      samples were analyzed by electrophoresis in agarose gels under conditions where
      the electrophoretic mobility was a function of the number of superhelical turns.
      Since the distributions around tau of DNA molecules of different samples
      overlappped, the difference in the mean number of superhelical turns from sample
      to sample, delta tau, could be determined and used to measure the mean number
      (tau) for native SV40 DNA I. By this criterion, SV40 DNA I contains a Gaussian
      like distribution of molecules differing by integral numbers around a mean value
      of tau = -24 +/- 2 at 37 degree C [in 0.2 M NaC1, 10 mM Tris-HC1 (pH 7.9), and
      0.2 mM EDTA]. The heterogeneity in tau is probably a consequence of thermal
      fluctuations in the DNA helix at the time when the last phospholiester bond is
      closed in vivo. When correlated to the buoyant shift of completely relaxed SV40
      DNA in a CsC1-propidium diiodide gradient, the number of delta tau = 24 +/- 2 of
      superhelical versus relaxed DNA implies an unwinding of the DNA helix by 26-28
      degree upon intercalation of one molecule of EtdBr.

PMID- 174080
TI  - Partial amino-acid sequence of NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora
      crassa.
AB  - Parts of the primary structure of the NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase [L
      glutamate:NAD oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.1.2] from Neurospora crassa
      are presented. Segments of the sequence representing 886 unique amino-acid
      residues have been determined; the largest contains 267 residues. There are only
      short regions of possible homology between this enzyme and the glutamate
      dehydrogenases of bovine liver or the NADP-specific enzyme of Neurospora. The
      large size of the subunit (116,000 molecular weight) of the NAD-specific
      glutamate dehydrogenase is unusual when compared to other known dehydrogenases.

PMID- 174081
TI  - In vitro synthesis of full-length DNA transcripts of Rous sarcoma virus RNA by
      viral DNA polymerase.
AB  - Varying the concentration of Triton X-100, a nonionic detergent used to promote
      the DNA polymerase activity of Rous sarcoma virus in an endogenous reaction,
      showed a very sharp peak at about 0.02% (vol/vol) for optimal DNA synthesis. The
      yield of DNA at this concentration of Triton exceeded yields obtained at
      concentrations above the optimum by a factor of 2-5 for the 90-min reaction. At
      optimal Triton concentration, about 1-7% of the DNA made in the absence of
      actinomycin and about 4-10% of the DNA made in the presence of actinomycin was
      2.5 X 10(6) daltons or greater, as estimated by formamide polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and by alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation. No large DNA was
      obtained at higher than optimal Triton concentrations. The large DNA molecules
      were rendered totally resistant to single-strand specific nuclease S1 after
      hybridization to an excess of viral RNA. It was concluded that at optimal
      detergent concentration, the viral DNA polymerase can synthesize full-size DNA
      transcripts of viral RNA.

PMID- 174082
TI  - Apoprotein stability and lipid-protein interactions in human plasma high density
      lipoproteins.
AB  - Temperature-dependent conformational changes of the principal apoprotein of human
      plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL), apoA-I, have been studied in the isolated
      apoprotein, in complexes of apoprotein with phospholipid, and in intact HDL.
      Differential scanning calorimetry shows that in solution apoA-I undergoes a
      reversible, two-state thermal denaturation (midpoint temperature 54 degrees). The
      enthalpy (2.4 cal/g)(10.0 J/g) and specific heat change (0.08 cal/degrees C per
      g)(0.33 J/degrees C per g) associated with the denaturation were used to
      calculate the free energy difference (deltaG) between native and unfolded apoA-I
      at 37 degrees. DeltaG (2.4 kcal/mol)(10.0 kJ/mol) is less than that of other
      globular proteins (typically 8-14 kcal/mol)(33-59 kJ/mol), indicating that at 37
      degrees native apoA-I has a loosely folded conformation. Turbidity studies show
      that apoA-I is able to solubilize phospholipid in its native but not in its
      denatured form. Mixtures of apo-HDL (the total apoprotein of HDL) or apoA-I with
      dimyristoyl lecithin show a thermal transition at about 85 degrees not present in
      the lecithin or the apoprotein alone, which indicates that the native
      conformation of the apoprotein is stabilized by phospholipid. Scanning
      calorimetry of intact HDL shows a high-temperature endotherm associated with
      disruption of the HDL particle, suggesting that in HDL the conformation of apoA-I
      is also stabilized by interaction with lipid. The loosely folded conformation of
      native, uncomplexed apoA-I may be especially adapted to the binding of lipid,
      since this process may involve both hydrophobic sites on the surface of the
      protein and concealed apolar amino acid residues that are exposed by a
      cooperative, low energy unfolding process.

PMID- 174083
TI  - Chemically induced dynamic electron polarization in chloroplasts at room
      temperature: evidence for triplet state participation in photosynthesis.
AB  - A transient electron paramagnetic resonance emission is observed after flash
      excitation of chloroplasts at room temperature. The spectrum of the emission
      signal is centered at g = 2.0037 and has a linewidth deltaHpp = 4G (4 X 10(-4)
      tesla). Inhibitor studies and chemical oxidation indicate that the signal is
      associated with Photosystem I, but the spectrum and kinetics indicate that it is
      neither P700 nor an iron-sulfur protein. The emission signal rises with the 2
      musec time response of the instrument, and decays during the actinic flash. The
      emission signal is produced on only the first of a pair of strong flashes
      separated by 100 musec, indicating that the precursor has not been regenerated in
      that time. The results are discussed with reference to the two currently accepted
      mechanisms for chemically induced dynamic electron polarization: the radical pair
      and the photochemical triplet. For several reasons the photochemical triplet
      mechanism is the more attractive of the two. It is suggested that at room
      temperature the primary photochemistry of photosystem I proceeds via a triplet
      state of chlorophyll, and that the species giving rise to the emission signal is
      the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem I.

PMID- 174084
TI  - Primary charge separation in bacterial photosynthesis:  oxidized chlorophylls and
      reduced pheophytin.
AB  - Bacteriopheophytin, the magnesium-free base of bacteriochlorophyll, undergoes
      reversible one-electron reduction in organic solvents to yield an anionic free
      radical with characteristic optical and electron spin resonance spectra. The
      reduction potential of bacteriopheophytin, E1/2 approximately --0.55 V against a
      normal hydrogen electrode, compared to E1/2 approximately --0.85 V for
      bacteriochlorophyll, renders it a likely electron acceptor in the primary charge
      separation of photosynthesis. Comparison of these data with picosecond optical
      changes recently observed upon pulsed laser excitation of bacterial reaction
      centers leads us to propose that bacteriopheophytin is indeed a transient
      electron acceptor and that the primary charge separation of bacterial
      photosynthesis occurs between the bacteriochlorophyll complex P870 and
      bacteriopheophytin to yield the radicals of the oxidized chlorophyll dimer cation
      and reduced pheophytin anion.

PMID- 174085
TI  - Failure of human cells transformed by simian virus 40 to form tumors in athymic
      nude mice.
AB  - Four individual lines and one subline of human cells, permanently established in
      tissue culture after infection with simian virus 40, failed to form tumors when
      inoculated into athymic nude mice.  Under identical conditions, three established
      human cell lines of neoplastic origin and a spontaneously established human
      lymphocyte line formed tumors. Nude mice that failed to grow tumors from inocula
      of simian virus 40-transformed human cells, grew tumors from subsequent
      injections of authentic human cancer cells. Further efforts to demonstrate an
      immunologic basis for the growth suppression of human simian virus 40
      transformants were also negative. The data suggest that the changes in morphology
      and in vitro growth behavior induced by the viral information are not sufficient
      for, or are only coincidentally related to, the neoplastic state.

PMID- 174086
TI  - Cytoplasmic microtubules in normal and transformed cells in culture: analysis by
      tubulin antibody immunofluorescence.
AB  - Monospecific antibody directed against bovine brain tubulin was used as an
      immunofluorescent probe to evaluate the distribution of microtubules in normal
      and transformed cells grown in tissue culture. The fluorescent staining pattern
      of transformed and nontransformed cells is significantly different and may be
      used in conjunction with other morphological features to identify transformants
      in mixed cell populations. Normal cells are flattened, elongated, and
      fibroblastic; they display numerous Colcemid-sensitive fluorescent cytoplasmic
      filaments, presumably microtubules. Transformed cells, however, are smaller, more
      polygonal in shape, and contain very few cytoplasmic tubules. During mistosis the
      cytoplasmic microtubule complex of normal cells completely disappears, but
      reappears after cell division. Treatment of transformed cells with dibutyry
      adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate plus testosterone or theophylline restores
      the normal fibroblastic appearance of the cells and stimulates the assembly of
      numerous cytoplasmic microtubules. This study provides further evidence for two
      separate microtubule entities in cycling nontransformed cells: a cytoplasmic
      microtubule complex and the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. Although an
      interchange of tubulin dimers seems to exist between microtubules in the two
      systems, control of tubule assembly may be under separate constraints.
      Stimulation of cytoplasmic microtuble assembly in transformed cells by
      derivatives of adenosine 3':5'-cycle monophosphate suggests that impairment of
      the cytoplasmic microtubule complex in these cells may be due to suboptimal
      levels of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate.

PMID- 174088
TI  - Signal input for a chemotactic response in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium
      discoideum.
AB  - Drops with different concentrations of 3':5'-cyclic AMP were deposited at various
      distances from small populations of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae, and the
      distances over which 50% of the amoebae drops reacted positively were determined.
      The linear regression analysis of a bouble logarithmic plot of distance against
      concentration gives a straight line with a slope of 1/4.25, which value suggests
      that the amoebae respond to a spatial gradient of cyclic AMP concentration. The
      threshold value for the signal is 3.6 X 10(-9) M/mm with a sensitivity of
      measurement of about 1%. These findings are discussed in relation to our present
      knowledge of cyclic AMP receptors.

PMID- 174087
TI  - Influence of a novel hypophyseal factor on steroid metabolism in cultured
      hepatoma cells.
AB  - A rat hepatoma cell line in tissue culture (HTC cells) was treated with
      hypophyseal extracts from adult male and female rats. Cell homogenates were then
      assayed for steroid metabolizing enzymes using 4-androsten-3,17-dione as
      substrate. The major products were the 5 alpha-reduced derivatives (5 alpha
      androstane-3,17-dione, androsterone, and epiandrosterone). When the cells were
      grown in the presence of female hypophyseal extract the apparent activity of the
      5 alpha-reductase increased markedly, whereas treatment with male hypophyseal
      extract was without effect. Treatment with female hypophyseal extract resulted in
      a marked decrease in the apparent Km for 5 alpha-reductase from 667 +/- 102 to 99
      +/- 4 muM in addition to a decrease in the apparent Vmax from 67 +/- 12 to 46 +/-
      2 pmol of product/min per mg of protein. A logarithmic dose-response was obtained
      with female hypophyseal extract. Treatment of the HTC cells with purified rat
      hypophyseal follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone,
      thyrotropic hormone, and prolactin had only marginal effects on 5 alpha-reductase
      activity. Crude female hypophyseal extracts were at least 6-fold more potent than
      any of the standard hormone preparations and at least 250-fold more potent than
      male hypophyseal extracts when based on activity per mg of pituitary tissue. 
      Chromatography of crude female hypophyseal extracts on Sephadex G-25 indicated
      that the factor was of high molecular weight. The identity of this activity with
      a hypophyseal "feminizing" factor is postulated.

PMID- 174089
TI  - Selective killing of transformed baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells.
AB  - We report here that certain drugs can protect Syrian baby hamster kidney cells
      (BHK) in culture against the lethal agents cytosine arabinonucleoside,
      hydroxyurea, and colcemid. Polyoma virus-transformed BHK cells (PyBHK) are killed
      under the same conditions. The protective drugs include caffeine and
      streptovitacin A. Kinetic studies show that these drugs act specifically in G1,
      and that they shift BHK cells from G1 into the G0 state at the restriction point,
      similar to the effects of high cell density or serum deprivation. These drugs do
      not block the growth of PyBHK cells nearly as effectively, consistent with a
      reduced effectiveness of restriction point control in virus-transformed cells.
      Consequently, the transformed cells around their cycle and are killed by the cell
      cycle phase-specific toxic agents, in contrast to the arrested BHK cells. These
      findings provide a model for studies on differential killing of tumor versus
      normal cells in vivo.

PMID- 174090
TI  - Chicken neutrophils: oxidative metabolism in phagocytic cells devoid of
      myeloperoxidase.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from chicken peritoneal exudates have been
      found to catalyze cyanide-insensitive stimulation of respiration and the hexose
      monophosphate shunt upon exposure to heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus.
      However, there was no demonstrable formate oxidation concomitant with
      phagocytosis in either the presence or absence of exogenous catalase. Moreover,
      chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes failed to oxidize scopoletin concomitant
      with phagocytosis in the presence of horseradish peroxidase. While oxygen uptake
      was increased 2- to 3-fold by the stimulus of phagocytosis, the oxidation of [1
      (14)C]glucose was increased approximately 20-fold. The cells contain two
      mechanisms, a glutathione reductase-glutathione peroxidase system and an NADPH
      NAD+ transhydrogenase, each of which is present in sufficient capacity to
      accommodate the enhanced shunt activity. Although chicken polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes were found to possess a substantial capacity to catalyze the cyanide
      insensitive oxidation of either NADH or NADPH, the total or specific activities
      of such processes were not demonstrably affected by phagocytosis.

PMID- 174091
TI  - A structural gene mutation affecting the regulatory subunit of cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinase in mouse lymphoma cells.
AB  - Compared to the wild-type parental line of S49 mouse lymphoma cells, intact cells
      of a mutant line (kin.A) are 10-fold less sensititive to biologic effects of
      exogenous cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophophosphate (cAMP), such as induction of
      cAMP phosphodiesterase, cell cycle-specific growth inhibition, and cytolysis. The
      cAMP-dependent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase; EC 2.7.1.37)
      activity of kin.A cells exhibits an apparent Ka for activation by cAMP 10-fold
      greater than that of wild type, and is much more resistant to inactivation by
      heat. These differences between the wild-type and mutant enzymes persist through
      a high degree of purification, suggesting a structural alteration in the kin.A
      holoenzyme. Heterologous reconstitution experiments, using separated R and C
      subunits of the wild-type and kin.A cAMP-dependent kinases, show that the altered
      cAMP affinity and thermolability are conferred by the R component of the kin.A
      enzyme. These results are most consistent with a structural mutation in the kin.A
      gene coding for the R subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Evidence for a
      structural mutation helps to define one mechanism of heritable variation in
      cultured somatic cells. The phenotype produced by the kin.A structural mutation
      also greatly strengthens the conslusion that cAMP-dependent protein  kinase is
      essential for cAMP regulation of growth and enzyme induction in intact S49 cells.

PMID- 174092
TI  - Virus-specific neutralization by a soluble non-immunoglobulin factor found
      naturally in normal mouse sera.
AB  - A low-molecular-weight substance found naturally in mouse serum neutralizes mouse
      xenotropic C-type virus. It has no effect on endogenous ecotropic viruses. This
      neutralizing factor does not belong to the known immunogloblin classes, and its
      activity is not associated with the antivirus immunoglobulins that can be
      detected by radioimmunoprecipitation. Preparations of xenotropic virus absorb out
      this neutralizing activity in mouse sera. The specificity of this factor for X
      tropic virus suggests that it represents a newly recognized type of response of
      the host to an endogenous virus. Its possible role in the regulation of
      endogenous C-type viruses is considered.

PMID- 174093
TI  - Translation of messenger ribonucleic acid from isolated pancreatic islets and
      human insulinomas.
AB  - RNA preparations from isolated rat pancreatic islets and from human insulinomas
      were injected into oocytes of Xenopus laevis which were then incubated with
      [3H]leucine. Acid-ethanol extracts of the oocytes were immunoprecipitated with
      anti-insulin serum using the double antibody technique. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      disc gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitates showed the presence of an
      insulin-displaceable immunoreactive material with a molecular weight of about
      18,000 in extracts from oocytes injected with RNA of 9-11 S. This immunoreactive
      product was not detected in extracts from oocytes injected with buffer or 4-8S
      RNA or RNA heavier than 11 S. These observations suggest the involvement of a
      precursor larger than proinsulin in the biosynthesis of insulin.

PMID- 174094
TI  - Energy-dependent binding of dansylgalactoside to the lac carrier protein: direct
      binding measurements.
AB  - High specific activity 6'-N-[3H]dansyl)aminohexyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside
      (Dns6-Gal) has been synthesized, and its binding to Escherichia coli membrane
      vesicles measured directly by flow dialysis. With ML 308-225 vesicles containing
      the lac carrier protein, specific binding is not detected in the absence of D
      lactate or reduced phenazine methosulfate. In the presence of these electron
      donors, binding is observed, and the binding constant and number of binding sites
      are approximately 4 muM and 1.5 nmol/mg of membrane protein, respectively. These
      values are in excellent agreement with those obtained by fluorescence titration.
      p-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate, which directly inactivates the lac carrier
      protein, and carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, which collapses the
      membrane potential, cause release of bound Dns6-Gal. Moreover, significant
      binding is not observed with membrane vesicles that are devoid of the lac carrier
      protein. The results provide qualitative and quantitative confirmation of
      previous studies which indicate that changes in dansylgalactoside fluorescence
      observed on "energization" of membrane vesicles reflect binding of the probe to
      the lac carrier protein.

PMID- 174095
TI  - Oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase.
AB  - Attempts to rationalize the kinetics of cytochrome c oxidation catalyzed by
      solubilized mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome c:oxygen
      oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) have been based on assumptions of productive complex
      formation (Michaelis-Menten approach). However, the range of substrate
      concentrations used has not, in general, been sufficient to establish a general
      rate equation. Data adequate to derive such a rate expression are presented, as
      well as a method for estimation of constants which appear in the rate law deduced
      and reported herein. It is shown that either of two types of mechanisms, one
      assuming productive complex formation, as opposed to the other postulating dead
      end complex formation, accurately predict the rate equation as deduced from
      experiment.

PMID- 174096
TI  - Binding, internalization, and degradation of low density lipoprotein by normal
      human fibroblasts and by fibroblasts from a case of homozygous familial
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Skin fibroblasts from a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
      (HFH) were compared with normal skin fibroblasts with regard to binding,
      internalization, and degradation of iodinated human low density lipoprotein
      (LDL). Like other cell lines from HFH patients, the mutant cells showed no
      suppression of sterol synthesis by LDL. Surface binding, measured at 0 degrees to
      eliminate the appreciable internalization that was shown to occur at 37 degrees,
      was on the average slightly less for HFH cells than normal cells at low LDL
      concentrations but comparable or even greater at high LDL concentrations (greater
      than 60 mug of LDL protein per ml). A major defect observed was in the rate of
      internalization of LDL at 37 degrees, which was only 1-10% of that in normal
      cells. LDL degradation was also markedly reduced but not to the same extent.
      Thus, a larger fraction of the LDL taken up appeared to be degraded by the mutant
      cells. The most striking defect observed, then, was not in surface binding of LDL
      but in rate of LDL internalization. While this might be secondary to a defect in
      specific binding sites of LDL, the magnitude of the observed differences in
      binding at low temperature seems too small to account for the huge differences in
      internalization (13- to 115-fold).

PMID- 174097
TI  - Cellular cyclic nucleotides and enzyme secretion in the pancreatic acinar cell.
AB  - Cellular levels of cAMP and cGMP were measured in guinea pig pancreatic lobules
      incubated in vitro, during basal or stimulated secretion. Stimulation with
      optimal concentrations of carbamylcholine (carbachol) (10(-5) M), pancreozymin
      (0.1 unit/ml), and caerulein (10(-9) M) resulted within seconds in a sharp rise
      in cGMP levels, from five to more than 20 times that of basal levels. cAMP levels
      did not change significantly. cGMP increases were maximal at 2 min then subsided
      by 4-7 min to a plateau about two to three times that of basal level. This
      plateau was maintained for the duration of the secretagogue stimulus. Removal of
      the carbachol stimulus resulted in a rapid decrease in cGMP levels to that of the
      basal state. The cellular cGMP levels observed within the first 2 min of
      stimulation correlated closely with the dose of carbachol and the secretory
      response. Atropine at 10(-4) M blocked the cGMP elevation due to carbachol but
      not that due to pancreozymin, while carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, an
      uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, blocked the response to both
      secretagogues. Similar though less extensive findings were observed using rabbit
      pancreatic lobules incubated in vitro. High concentrations  (10(-2)-10(-3) M) of
      the dibutyryl and 8-bromo analogues of both nucleotides were effective, though
      suboptimal, secretagogues. In the case of the cAMP analogues, the secretory
      response was associated with a rise in endogenous cGMP levels, similar to that
      observed during suboptimal carbachol stimulation. These findings suggest that
      cGMP may be an intracellular mediator in the process of stimulus secretion
      coupling in the acinar cell of the exocrine pancreas.

PMID- 174098
TI  - Surface marker characteristics and Epstein-Barr virus studies of two established
      North American Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines.
AB  - Tumor cell lines have been established in continuous culture from two North
      American Burkitt's lymphomas. The SU-AmB-1 line, derived from a patient with low
      serum antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), was devoid of EBV genomes by
      the reaction for EBV-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA), could not be induced to
      express EBV antigens, and was highly refractory to EBV superinfection.
      Conversely, the SU-AmB-2 cell line, derived from a patient with "African type"
      serology, yielded a positive EBNA reaction and was readily inducible and
      superinfectable. Although both cell lines possessed B (bone-marrow-derived) cell
      characteristics, they had different surface marker patterns. It is postulated
      that two different classes of undifferentiated B cell lymphomas exist, one of
      which is positive for the presence of EBV genomes and occurs endemically in
      Africa and New Guinea and sporadically in other parts of the world, the other of
      which is EBV-negative and occurs sporadically throughout the world, including the
      endemic areas.

PMID- 174099
TI  - Antigen related to mammalian type-C RNA viral p30 proteins is located in renal
      glomeruli in human systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - An antigen related to mammalian type-C RNA viral p30 proteins was shown by the
      use of anti-p30 sera and the indirect immunofluorescence method to be present in
      the kidneys and spleen in a fulminant fatal case of human systemic lupus
      erythematosus and to be located in the glomeruli, the site of active lupus
      diffuse glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 174100
TI  - A ribosome-dependent GTPase from yeast distinct from elongation factor 2.
AB  - Three proteins required for poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis have
      been separated from yeast. Two of the factors correspond to the elongation
      factors 1 and 2 described for other eukaryotic systems, according to the criteria
      of phenylalanyl-tRNA binding and diphtheria toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation. The
      third protein, while absolutely required for polyphenylalanine synthesis, was a
      more active ribosome-dependent GTPase than elongation factor 2.

PMID- 174101
TI  - Fluorescence-detected magnetic circular dichroism of fluorescent and
      nonfluorescent molecules.
AB  - We have modified a spectrometer for the measurement of fluorescence-detected
      magnetic (and natural) circular dichroism (FDMCD). The instrument can be operated
      either in a direct mode in which the average and polarization-induced
      differential fluorescent intensities are recorded separately or in a mode which
      records their ratio. We have measured the FDMCD of tryptophan, which is itself
      fluorescent. With the aid of an added fluorescent molecule we also measured the
      FDMCD of Fe(III) cytochrome c, which is nonfluorescent. In both cases, the FDMCD
      agreed with the conventional transmission-detected magnetic circular dichroism
      within experimental uncertainty. The FDMCD of both fluorescent and nonfluorescent
      molecules is potentially a useful technique for investigating optically dense
      materials and biological molecules in their native environments and systems in
      which there is inter- or intramolecular energy transfer.

PMID- 174102
TI  - 5'-terminal structure of poliovirus polyribosomal RNA is pUp.
AB  - Poliovirus RNA purified from virus-specific polyribosomes does not contain m7G in
      a 5'-5'-pyrophosphate  linkage at its 5'-end. The only potential 5'-end found in
      ribonuclease digests of this RNA is pUp, which is present in a yield of 1
      mole/mole of poliovirus RNA. We conclude that a 5'-terminal m7G is not required
      for translation of at least one RNA species in animal cells.

PMID- 174103
TI  - Regulation of transsynaptically elicited increase of 3':5'-cyclic AMP by
      endogenous phosphodiesterase activator.
AB  - Experiments with cold exposure confirmed previous studies indicating that the
      endogenous protein acitvator of phosphodiesterase (PDEA) isolated by Cheung
      participates in the in vivo regulation of 3':5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate
      (cAMP) in adrenal medulla. This activator of cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) (3':5'
      cyclic-AMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17) is present in the particulate as
      well as the soluble fractions of rat brain. It was found that a purified cAMP
      dependent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37), in the
      presence of ATP and cAMP, stimulates 3-fold the release of PDEA from the
      particulate fraction of rat brain and adrenal medulla. The substrate for this
      phosphorylation could be either a membrane protein that binds PDEA or PDEA
      itself. In vivo evidence, however, obtained by injecting rats intraventricularly
      with [gamma-32P]ATP, indicates that the PDEA does not contain radioactive
      phosphate in its structure. Also, PDEA could not be phosphorylated by protein
      kinase in vitro. The following mechanism is postulated: when the intracellular
      content of cAMP increases it activates a protein kinase which phosphorylates a
      PDEA-binding membrane protein and releases PDEA. In turn this binds to activator
      deficient high Km PDE and decreases its Km to facilitate the hydrolysis of the
      increased concentration of cAMP.

PMID- 174105
TI  - "Early" simian-virus-40-specific RNA contains information for tumor antigen
      formation and chromatin replication.
AB  - Simian virus 40 (SV40) induces tumor (T)-antigen formation, chromatin
      replication, and mitosis in primary mouse kidney cells arrested in G0 phase of
      the mitotic cycle. The temporal and quantitative relation between these early
      virus-specific reactions led to the hypothesis that the early SV40 mRNA contains
      information necessary for T-antigen formation and induction of cellular DNA
      synthesis. To get direct experimental evidence for this hypothesis, the early
      strand of SV40 DNA was transcribed in vitro by Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA
      polymerase and the SV40-specific cRNA was transferred by microinjection into
      epitheloid cells of confluent primary mouse kidney cultures. T-antigen formation
      and stimulation of DNA synthesis were investigated in the recipient cells. The
      experimental results obtained agree with the hypothesis that T-antigen is a virus
      coded protein and that the early virus-specific mRNA contains information
      necessary for stimulation of cellular DNA replication in the arrested cells.

PMID- 174104
TI  - Binding of Cibacron blue F3GA to proteins containing the dinucleotide fold.
AB  - A simple, convenient, and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure is described for
      quantitative measurement of nucleoside phosphate binding sites constructed by the
      dinucleotide fold. The procedure involves difference spectral titration of such
      enzymes with the dye Cibacron blue F3GA in a spectral region remote from the
      intrinsic absorbance of proteins or natural ligands. The titration curves can be
      analyzed to determine the affinity of nucleoside phosphate binding sites for both
      the dye and the natural ligand over a potentially wide range of experimental
      conditions. The interaction of the dye with two proteins which contain the
      dinucleotide fold, lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC
      1.1.1.27) and phosphoglycerate kinase (ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3), is illustrated.

PMID- 174106
TI  - The 5' end of poliovirus mRNA is not capped with m7G(5')ppp(5')Np.
AB  - Poliovirus was grown in HeLa cells in the presence of phosphorus-32 and
      actinomycin D. Three to four hours after infection, viral mRNA was recovered from
      polyribosomes and its identity verified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of
      RNase T1 digests. Digestion of the viral [32P]mRNA with RNase T2 and separation
      of the products by ion exchange chromatography at pH 5 yielded pUp as possible 5'
      terminus but no "capping group" of the structure m7G(5')ppp(5')Np. Total
      cytoplasmic [32P]RNA of HeLa cells, on the other hand, was found to contain
      capping groups. Neither the capping group nor ppNp or pppNp was found in an RNase
      T2 digest of poliovirion [32P]RNA, in agreement with previous results [Wimmer, E.
      (1972) J. Mol. Biol. 68, 537-540]. The data indicate that 5'-terminal
      m7G(5')ppp(5')Np is absent from poliovirus RNAs and, therefore, is not involved
      in poliovirus protein synthesis.

PMID- 174107
TI  - Order of transcription of genes of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the expression of the genes of vesicular
      stomatitis virus (VSV) was studied in a cell-free system which executed coupled
      transcription and translation of the viral genes. In this system, which contained
      detergent-activated virus and a cytoplasmic extract of mouse L-cells, three of
      the five viral proteins (N, NS, and M) were synthesized accurately and
      efficiently; a putative precursor to the viral glycoprotein (G) was also made,
      but synthesis of the L protein was not detected. In response to irradiation of
      VSV, the synthesis of each protein in the coupled system displayed a
      characteristic single-hit inhibition. This permitted calculation of the apparent
      target-sizes for expression of the different viral genes relative to the entire
      genome (3.6 to 4.0 X 10(6) daltons) as measured by loss of infectivity. These
      are: N, 0.55 X 10(6); NS, 0.83 X 10(6); M, 1.12 X 10(6); G, 1.76 X 10(6) daltons
      of RNA. Only the N protein gene has a target-size which corresponds to that
      predicted from the molecular weight of its messenger RNA (molecular weight: 0.55
      X 10(6)). The target-sizes for the other three genes are two to four times larger
      than expected, and are not proportional to the molecular weights of their
      corresponding messenger  RNAs (molecular weights: NS, 0.28 X 10(6); M, 0.28 X
      10(6); G, 0.7 X 10(6)). The polar effect of UV irradiation is inconsistent with
      independent transcription of each of the genes of VSV. Rather, the target-sizes
      appear to be cumulative, suggesting that trnascription initiates at a single
      point on VSV RNA and proceeds in the order 3'-N-NS-M-G-(L)-5'.

PMID- 174108
TI  - Location of envelope-specific and sarcoma-specific oligonucleotides on RNA of
      Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - Envelope-specific and sarcoma-specific nucleotide sequences have been located
      within the 10,000 nucleotides of the RNA of nondefective Schmidt-Ruppin Rous
      sarcoma virus (nd SR). For this purpose, about 30 RNase-T1-resistant
      oligonucleotides were ordered relative to the 3'-poly(A) terminus of the RNA, to
      construct an oligonucleotide map of the nd SR RNA. A cluster of seven envelope
      specific oligonucleotides, identified by their absence from an otherwise very
      similar oligonucleotide map of an envelop-defective deletion mutant (which lacks
      the major viral glycoprotein), mapped at a distance of 2800-5000 nucleotides from
      the poly(A) end of nd SR RNA. A cluster of two sarcoma-specific oligonucleotides,
      identified by their absence from an otherwise nearly identical oligonucleotide
      map of a transformation-defective deletion mutant, mapped at a distance of 1000
      2000 nucleotides from the poly(A) end of nd SR RNA. The oligonucleotide maps of
      nd SR and of the two deletion mutants were the same from the poly(A) end up to
      650 nucleotides and included one terminal oligonucleotid, termed C, which is
      found in all avian tumor viruses tested so far. A possible gene order consistent
      with our data suggests that sarcoma-specific nucleotide sequences map between
      envelope-specific nucleotide sequences and the poly(A) end of the RNA.

PMID- 174109
TI  - Primary structure determination of two cytochromes c2: close similarity to
      functionally unrelated mitochondrial cytochrome C.
AB  - The amino-acid sequences of the  cytochromes c2 from the photosynthetic non
      sulfur purple bacteria Rhodomicrobium vannielii and Rhodopseudomonas viridis have
      been determined. Only a single residue deletion (at position 11 in horse
      cytochrome c) is necessary to align the sequences with those of mitochondrial
      cytochromes c. The overall sequence similarity between these cytochromes c2 and
      mitochondrial cytochromes c is closer than that between mitochondrial cytochromes
      c and the other cytochromes c2 of known sequence, and in the latter multiple
      insertions and deletions must be postulated before a match can be obtained.
      Nevertheless, these two cytochromes c2 show no better reactivity with the
      mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase than do the less well-matched cytochromes c2.
      The bearing of these findings on possible evolutionary relationship between
      mitochondria and prokaryotes is discussed.

PMID- 174110
TI  - Mutants of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts defective in adhesiveness to substratum:
      evidence for alteration in cell surface proteins.
AB  - Two mutants of Balb/c 3T3 cells defective in adhesiveness to substratum have been
      isolated. After exposure to a mutagen a cell population was treated with
      prostaglandin E1 and methylisobutylxanthine to elevate the cells 3':5'-cyclic AMP
      levels and adhesion to the substratum; then, loosley adherent cells were
      harvested by gentle detachment. After four cycles of selection two clones were
      isolated. Both are characterized by a round morphology and a decreased adhesion
      to substratum. The defect in adhesion appears to be responsible for the change in
      cell shape, since the mutant cells become flattened and look similar to wild-type
      cells when treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP even though their adhesiveness
      remains decreased. Further, the surface of both mutants is chemically altered.
      Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of the cell surface shows that two iodinated
      polypeptides  (molecular weight, Mr, 90,000 and 135-140,000) present in wild-type
      cells are not detected on the surface of the mutants, and another iodinated band
      (110-120,000 Mr) is markedly decreased. In addition, one mutant is also missing
      the high-molecular-weight (230,000) cell surface protein that is sensitive to
      transformation. No changes have been found in the content of cyclic AMP or free
      or polymerized tubulin. The exponential growth rate and saturation density are
      not altered in these adhesion--eficient cells. This last result suggests that
      modulation of adhesion to substratum per se does not play an important role in
      the growth control of Balb/c 3T3 cells in vitro.

PMID- 174111
TI  - Effect of Xenopus laevis oocyte extract on supercoiled simian virus 40 DNA:
      formation of complex DNA.
AB  - A soluble cell-free extract derived from stage 6 Xenopus laevis oocytes is
      described. From supercoiled simian virus 40 DNA the extract produces nicked
      circles (having a single-strand scission), linear molecules of full unit size,
      shorter length fragments, and various forms of complex DNA.

PMID- 174112
TI  - Association of cell surface receptors for melanotropin with the Golgi region in
      mouse melanoma cells.
AB  - Binding of beta-melanotropin (betal-melanocyte stimulating hormone) to mouse
      melanoma cells occurs in a region on the cell surface overlying the Golgi
      complex. This association was demonstrated by labeling cells with fluorescein
      isothiocyanate hormone and by locating the Golgi complex with a histochemical
      test for thiamine pyrophosphatase activity. The biologically active fluorescent
      hormone appears on the surface and later in vesicles in the malanized cells, as
      judged by fluorescence microscopy. It is conceivable that internalization of the
      hormone is instrumental in the process of hormonally induced melanization.
      Because initial and late events of hormonally induced pigmentation are related to
      the Golgi complex, it is likely that instructions that follow the attachment of
      melanotropin to receptors are carried out in a compartmentalized manner.

PMID- 174114
TI  - Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by dimerized ribonuclease.
AB  - A cross-linked dimer of pancreatic ribonuclease A (ribonucleate 3'-pyrimidino
      olitonucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.22), at a 10 mg/liter concentration, blocks
      proliferation of tumor cells. The protein retains this ability after inactivation
      by iodoacetate. The cytostatic effect of ribonuclease preparations on various
      cell lines correlates well with their rate of uptake: for example, monomeric
      ribonuclease A is much less effective and is taken up into the cells 10 t0 15
      times more slowly. Cell fractionation studies on hepatoma cells indicate
      accumulation of the dimer in the lysosomal system. Ribonuclease dimer induces a
      labilization of the lysosomes when added to cell homogenates, raising the
      possibility that its antitumoral effect may be mediated by endocytosis and
      lysosomes.

PMID- 174113
TI  - Regulation by steroid hormones of phosphorylation of specific protein common to
      several target organs.
AB  - The effect of in vivo administration of steroid hormones on the endogenous
      phosphorylation of individual proteins in cell sap from several target tissues
      has been studied using the technique of discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The hormones studied (and their respective
      target organs) were: 17 beta-estradiol [1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3, 17beta-diol]
      (uterus); testosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one) (ventral prostate and
      seminal vesicle)' cortisol (11beta, 17alpha, 21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione)
      (liver); aldosterone (the 18.11-hemiacetal of 11beta,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-4
      pregnen-18-al) (toad bladder). In each of the five target organs studied,
      pretreatment with the appropriate hormone reduced the amount of 32P incorporated
      from [gamma-32P]ATP into an apparently common protein band present in the cytosol
      fraction. The endogenous phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of this protein
      was also regulated by cAMP. This protein, designated SCARP (steroid and cyclic
      adenosine 3':5' monophosphate regulated phosphoprotein), was estimated to have an
      apparent molecular phoprotein), was estimated to have an apparent molecular
      weight of 54,000 in the gel electrophoresis system used. The effect of the
      steroid hormones in decreasing the phosphorylation of SCARP was specific for
      their respective target tissues. The effect of 17beta-estradiol and of
      testosterone on SCARP could be observed as early as two hours after a single dose
      of the steroid. A protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, abolished the
      effect of the steroid hormones, but not that of cAMP, on the endogenous
      phosphorylation of SCARP. The results suggest that steroid hormones regulate
      either the amount of SCARP or its ability to become phosphorylated. This
      regulation of a single species of protein by several types of steroid hormones in
      different target organs raises the possibility that this common biochemical
      action may be a component of the mechanism by which these steroids achieve some
      of their biological effects.

PMID- 174115
TI  - New gene locus modifying susceptibility to certain B-tropic murine leukemia
      viruses.
AB  - A new gene, SRV, the dominant allele of which occurs in mice of strain C57BL,
      independently modifies the slope ("hitness") and level of sensitivity of the
      titration curves obtained when one subclass of B-tropic murine leukemia viruses
      is propagated on mouse embryo cells of nonpermissive Fv-1 genotypes. Replication
      of another subclass of B-tropic viruses is not modified with respect to hitness,
      and that of N-tropic viruses is not affected.

PMID- 174116
TI  - Suppression of murine type-C RNA virogenes by type-specific oncornavirus
      vaccines: prospects for prevention of cancer.
AB  - Immunization of crossbred and F1 mice with combined killed and live Gross
      leukemia virus AKR type-C viral vaccines suppressed endogeneous N-type AKR virus
      up to 10,000-fold for significant periods during early life. Since several
      previous studies in the same and similar crossbred systems revealed direct
      correlations between low and high levels of type-C virus early in life with low
      and high incidences of leukemia and other cancers later in life, we believe that
      prospects for suppression of spontaneous neoplasms are good; however, 8-14 months
      will be required to achieve the final results. Should cancers be prevented by
      serotype-specific vaccines, such evidence would provide conclusive proof of
      endogenous viral etiology.

PMID- 174118
TI  - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins of some herbivorous mammals.

PMID- 174117
TI  - Activation of an endogenous mouse type C virus by ultraviolet-irradiated herpes
      simplex virus types 1 and 2.
AB  - Infection of BALB/c mouse cells with UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus (HSV)
      types 1 and 2 resulted in activation of a xenotropic type C virus detected by
      infectious center formation in permissive rat cells. The levels of type C virus
      activated by HSV were related to the UV dose and the multiplicity of infection
      used. The ability of HSV to activate type C virus was eliminated by heat
      inactivation and by neutralization with specific antiserum against HSV, but was
      not affected by purification or treatment with DNase and RNase. Maximum levels of
      type C virus in the cells and medium were observed within 1 day after HSV
      infection, and the levels returned to control cell values within 3-4 days. The
      possible significance of these findings with respect to the putative oncogenic
      potential of HSV is discussed.

PMID- 174119
TI  - Intake digestion and production by dairy cows given protected lipids in early
      lactation.

PMID- 174120
TI  - The role of clearing-factor lipase (lipoprotein lipase) in the transport of
      plasma triglycerides.

PMID- 174121
TI  - Hormonal control of adipose tissue lipolysis.

PMID- 174122
TI  - Lipid metabolism in genetic models of obesity.

PMID- 174123
TI  - The control of fatty acid metabolism in adult diabetes.

PMID- 174124
TI  - Spontaneous tumours in young animals.

PMID- 174125
TI  - Changing  concepts in the management of Wilm's tumour and rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 174126
TI  - Intrauterine infection with cytomegalovirus.

PMID- 174127
TI  - Herpesvirus hominis infection in pregnancy.

PMID- 174128
TI  - Alcohol and changes in body constitutent; glucose and hormones.

PMID- 174129
TI  - The pathogenesis of simian varicella virus in cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - The MLM herpesvirus is infectious for cynomolgus monkeys. The disease in this
      species, possibly modulated by preinoculation antibody resembles human varicella.
      Virus has been recovered from blood during the early incubation period, and from
      liver, lymph nodes, kidney, bladder and urine during the eruptive period of
      infection. The major target organs were skin and liver; specific pathological
      changes developed in both. Appropriate antibody responses, including those to
      Herpesvirus varicellae followed infections mounted by parenteral inoculation of
      cynomolgus monkeys.

PMID- 174130
TI  - Effects of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and insulin on plasma cell tumor
      (MPC-11) in culture.

PMID- 174131
TI  - Effects of hyperlipoproteinemic serum and exogenous proline concentration on
      collagen synthesis by isolated rabbit aortas.
AB  - Collagen synthesis was measured in segments of normal rabbit aorta, incubated in
      vitro, by monitoring the formation of peptidyl-14C-hydroxyproline from [U-14C]-L
      proline added to the incubation medium. The effect of hyperlipoproteinemic rabbit
      serum on the rate of collagen synthesis was compared with the effect of normal
      rabbit serum. No differences in the rates of synthesis were detected between the
      two batches of serum, despite a 60-fold difference in serum cholesterol
      concentration. Increases in free proline concentration in the incubation medium
      resulted in changes in proline flux between medium and tissue pools of free
      proline, but medium proline concentration had no effect on the rate of collagen
      synthesis.

PMID- 174132
TI  - Effect of triiodothyronine on human jejunal glycolytic enzymes.

PMID- 174133
TI  - The inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme in chronic renal hypertension by
      a synthetic peptide.
AB  - Renal hypertension was produced in 14 Sprague-Dawley rats by ligating both poles
      of one kidney followed in one week by unilateral nephrectomy. Biweekly
      subcutaneous injections of SQ 20858 reduced the blood pressure in the chronic
      renal hypertensive animals. Upon discontinuing the injections the blood pressure
      rose to pretreatment levels. No angiotensin II activity was seen in seven of the
      renal group treated with SQ indicating a complete block in serum converting
      enzyme activity. Likewise, serum with only angiotensin I activity when added to
      normal serum containing converting enzyme, continued to show angiotensin I
      activity. It is concluded that SQ 20858 is effective in lowering blood pressure
      in chronic renal hypertensive rats presumably by partially inhibiting converting
      enzyme.

PMID- 174134
TI  - Assay of kinins by their effects on canine femoral blood flow.
AB  - In pentobarbital anesthetized dogs, close arterial injections of bradykinin and
      kallidin elicit a dose related increase in femoral blood flow. Treatment with the
      kininase inhibitor BPP9alpha augments the femoral blood flow responses to
      bradykinin and kallidin by five and threefold respectively. The sensitivity of
      the preparation permits the detection of 0.5-1 ng of either bradykinin or
      kallidin in untreated dogs and as little as 0.1 ng of kinin peptides in animals
      receiving BPP9alpha. This sensitivity and the steepness of the dose response
      curves make this procedure suitable for the assay of kinins.

PMID- 174135
TI  - An isopycnic- zonal centrifugation study of smooth muscle organelles isolated
      from hog carotid artery.

PMID- 174136
TI  - Phosphoprotein phosphatase activity in the thyroid.
AB  - Phosphoprotein phosphatase activity in the calf thyroid was found in various
      subcellular fractions. The relative amount in each fraction varied according to
      the substrate used: The 500g fraction had the highest specific activity when
      protamine was used, while the 5000g fraction was highest when histone was used.
      Triton X-100 tended to increase activity in all the particulate fractions, the
      greatest change being found in the 105,000g pellet. DEAE chromatography of the
      105,000 g supernatant resolved at least three peaks of phosphoprotein phosphatase
      activity.

PMID- 174137
TI  - Enhancement and interference in chickens inoculated with Marek's disease
      herpesvirus and oncornaviruses.
AB  - Enhancement of mortality rates and symptomatology was observed in isolator-held
      LSI-SPF chickens concurrently inoculated with MDHV and avian oncornaviruses (RAV
      1, RAV-2, RAV-7, RAV-50, or REV). Interference with MD antigen production also
      was demonstrated in extracts of the feather follicle epithelium from chickens
      inoculated with both MDHV and RAV-1.

PMID- 174138
TI  - Feedback inhibition by 6-methylthioinosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in tumor
      cells resistant to the nucleoside.
AB  - The 3',5'-cyclic phosphate derivative (cMTIMP) of methylthioinosine (MTI) was
      shown to produce feedback inhibition of the de novo purine pathway in an Ehrlich
      ascites tumor subline resistant to MTI because of lack of adenosine kinase
      activity for the nucleoside analog.

PMID- 174140
TI  - The effect of octadecenoic acid on the growth of japanese encephalitis virus in
      Novikoff hepatoma cells.
AB  - The growth characteristics of Japanese encephalitis virus cultivated in Novikoff
      hepatoma cells grown in shaker culture can be differentially altered by the
      presence of 6-cis or cis-9-octadecenoic acid in Swim's 67-G medium. The addition
      of 125 mug of the 6-isomer per ml medium reduced the number of infectious
      particles produced, whereas the same amount of the 9-isomer enhanced virus
      production. The virus was found to be more stable in cell-free spent medium than
      in fresh medium. The presence of 125 mug 6-18:1 per ml in fresh medium resulted
      in a rapid loss of virus infectivity.

PMID- 174139
TI  - Characteristics common to choleretic increments of bile induced by theophylline,
      glucagon and SQ-20009 in the dog.
AB  - Theophylline, glucagon, and SQ-20009 induce a choleresis in the dog characterized
      by a proportionate increase in erythritol clearance and bile flow, no increase in
      bile salt excretion, and by an isosmotic solution of similar electrolyte
      composition. The increment in bile appears to originate at the canaliculus in
      response to increased cyclic-AMP.

PMID- 174141
TI  - Lethal synergy between sarcoma-180/TG cells and vesicular stomatitis virus in
      mice.
AB  - An interaction between sarcoma-180/TG cells and vesicular stomatitis virus in
      adult mice resulted in the rapid onset of extensive mortality. This interaction,
      termed lethal synergy, occurred only at early stages of ascites induction in
      animals with no prior virus contact. A significant sparing effect conferred by
      the serotonin antagonist dibenamine was reversed by the administration of
      serotonin. The cause of death was not determined, but a mechanism involving
      hypersensitivity is indicated.

PMID- 174142
TI  - Genital infection of female hamsters with herpesvirus hominis type 2 (HVH-2).
AB  - Intravaginal inoculation of female hamsters (40-65 g) with HVH-2 (6 X 105 PFU)
      results in an infection of 40-67% of the animals. The illness is characterized by
      vaginitis with discharge, paralysis, and finally death. Washing the vagina with
      saline 30 min prior to virus inoculation enhances the infection so that 80-100%
      of the animals eventually die. Virus can be isolated from the vagina within 1-2
      days after inoculation. Evidence of infection of the spinal cord is apparent by
      the third day whereas virus could not be isolated from the brain until Day 5.
      Attempts to demonstrate virus in whole blood, spleen, kidney, or liver
      homogenates prepared from infected animals were negative.

PMID- 174143
TI  - Systemic arterial baroreceptor reflexes.

PMID- 174144
TI  - Generation of end-plate potentials.

PMID- 174145
TI  - Reticulo-reticular relationship during sleep and waking.
AB  - The mode of interaction between so-called sleep-waking centers during different
      phases of consciousness was investigated in the cat. Averaged evoked responses
      were recorded from different centers to electrical stimulation of a center. The
      results showed that most sleep-waking centers are not simply engaged in the
      realization of a single phase, but operate during different phases in dynamic
      relationship with other centers. It was suggested that the mechanism of SS would
      be more diffusely distributed in the brain stem that presently conceived and that
      in contrast to the mechanism of PS, that of SS would have more extensive
      interaction with the mechanisms responsible to other phases.

PMID- 174146
TI  - [Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma in pulmonary fibrosis due to mitral stenosis].

PMID- 174147
TI  - ESR study of the anion radicals of 5-nitropyrimidines: conversion to iminoxy
      radicals.

PMID- 174149
TI  - [Possibility of thermography to differentiate pigmental skin tumors (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Problems and criteria to evaluate thermographic profiles and the differentiation
      of pigmental skin tumors are discussed.

PMID- 174148
TI  - [Effect of irradiation and some sulfur containing compounds on 3':5'-cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase activity of the tissue homogenates of experimental animals].

PMID- 174151
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity to virus-induced tumors: generation of lymphocytes
      sensitized to specific transplantation antigen in mouse cells infected with
      papovavirus SV40.

PMID- 174150
TI  - Oncogenesis and other late effects of cancer treatment in children.
AB  - Review of hospital charts of 168 patients surviving two or more years following
      the diagnosis of cancer and subsequent-examinations of 40 of these patients
      yielded these observations: (a) Hospital charts were adequate to ascertain the
      number of second primary neoplasms. Three malignant and eight benign tumors were
      found, an incidence of 6.5%. (b) The three patients with second malignant
      neoplasms did not receive chemotherapy and two of three were treated with
      radiation. (c) Abnormalities other than second neoplasms, which may have been
      delayed consequences of treatment, were infrequently noted in hospital records,
      but were subsequently detected on specific examinations.

PMID- 174152
TI  - Viral-induced thymidine kinase isozymes.

PMID- 174153
TI  - Concanavalin A receptors and other cell surface and antigenic characteristics of
      continuous lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from patients with Hodgkin's disease
      and other malignant lymphomas.

PMID- 174154
TI  - Prospects for herpesvirus vaccination--safety and efficacy considerations.

PMID- 174155
TI  - An avian-related new herpesvirus infection in man--subacute myelo-optico
      neuropathy (SMON).

PMID- 174156
TI  - Biological properties of the Epstein-Barr virus and its possible role in human
      malignancy.

PMID- 174157
TI  - Natural history of herpes and C-type virus infections and their possible relation
      to viral oncogenesis. An animal model.

PMID- 174158
TI  - Consideration of the role of viruses in human cancer.

PMID- 174160
TI  - [Oncogenic viruses and carcinogenesis in man].

PMID- 174159
TI  - The role of SV40 viral genes in cellular transformation.

PMID- 174161
TI  - [Mark's disease: V. Experimental behavior of 3 isolates taken place in the
      country].
AB  - Three experiments were designed to determine the parameters of virus infection,
      antibodies and mortality with three different MD isolates inoculated in one day
      old birds from commercial origin. The animals were divided in three inoculated
      lots (1-2-3) and three control groups (4-1, 4-2, 4-3) and were followed weekly
      from hatching through 17 weeks. The former were inoculated respectivelly with FOV
      6, FCV-8 and FCV-9. Each day old bird received between 50-75 FPU/bird by I.P.
      route. Samples were taken from circulating blood of five birds by cardiac
      puncture with an heparinized syringe (20 U/ml), were centrifuged and the white
      cells inoculated to 5-15 four day old embryos by yolk salk route for virus
      detection; plasma was assayed by immunodiffusion against MD antigen in order to
      detect precipitating antibodies, and mortality was recorded after microscopical
      examination. Infection appeared to persist indefinitelly in the host chicken
      flock and coexist with (100%) precipiting antibodies, (Fig. 1-2-3). First virus
      isolation was accomplished after 4 weeks post-inoculation and the 100% porcentage
      of antibodies, was found only 1-3 weeks after the first peak of viraemia. With
      the most pathogenic isolate FCV-6 (ig. 1) the antibody response was significantly
      delayed. Maternal antibodies decreased more rapidly in inoculated than in control
      birds. Accumulative mortality showed isolate FCV-6 and FCV-8 as pathogenic
      strains and FCV-9 strain as less pathogenic. Mortality begun 1-3 weeks after the
      first peak of virus detection in the flock, independently of the pathogenic
      pattern of the isolate, but frecuencies of death were markedly different.

PMID- 174162
TI  - [The effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the lipoprotein composition of rats].
AB  - Young male rats of the Long-Evans strain were fed 10% lard or corn oil diets for
      4 weeks. Analysis of plasma cholesterol showed a decrease of 22%; a decrease of
      the same order of magnitude as also observed in the lipoproteins, particularly in
      the VLDL fraction, with the unsaturated diet. Plasma triglycerides were reduced
      by 50%; their fatty acids were found to contain a higher proportion of linoleate
      and arachidonate. Cholesterol ester of the HDL fraction contained mostly
      arachidonate which increased significantly with the substitution of corn oil to
      lard. Analysis of the lipoproteins indicated a reduction in VLDL and an increase
      in HDL with the unsaturated diet, whereas LDL remained unchanged.

PMID- 174164
TI  - [A bird pox infection of Quelea quelea (L) (Passeriformes, Ploceinae)].

PMID- 174163
TI  - [Uveitis with cytomegalic inclusions in adults].

PMID- 174166
TI  - [Infectious keratoconjunctivitis of cattle in Ivory Coast. 2. Study of the vector
      role of ophthalmotropic lepidoptera].

PMID- 174165
TI  - [Infectious keratoconjunctivitis of cattle in Ivory Coast. I. Microbiological
      aspects].

PMID- 174167
TI  - [Panicum maximum (Jacq.) and intensive fodder production in Ivory Coast].

PMID- 174168
TI  - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide degradation in infarcted cardiac muscle.
AB  - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NAD, NADH2, NADP, and NADPH2) levels decrease
      in myocardial dog tissue after the ligature of the coronary artery branch. The
      activity of a glycohydrolytic enzyme acting on NAD and releasing nicotinamide in
      an equivalent amount was of the same order of magnitude in infarcted tissue,
      irrespective of the time elapsed after the coronary artery occlusion, as it was
      in normal tissue. Most of the NAD contained in normal heart muscle was hydrolyzed
      as soon as the tissue was disrupted in a homogenizer, whereas no hydrolysis
      occurred when the whole fragment was incubated for 1 hour. The enzymatic activity
      was found mainly in a membranous fraction seperated at 17,000 x g by 
      differential centrifugation. Acid phosphatase, K+ -activated phosphatase, and NA+
      K+-ATPase specific activities were greater in this fraction. It is suggested that
      the structural disorganization of the heart elicited either in vitro or during
      the infarction process determines the conditions for a reaction between the
      enzyme which is localized in the membranes and the NAD which is mainly in the
      cytosol.

PMID- 174169
TI  - Metabolic and inotropic effects of verapamil in perfused rat heart.
AB  - The effect of verapamil on myocardial contractility, heart adenosine 3', 5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and cardiac phosphorylase a activity was studied in
      isolated perfused rat hearts. In a concentration of 0.025 mug/ml, verapamil
      decreased force of contraction 50% and caused a significant fall in heart cyclic
      AMP within 4 to 5 min after perfusion with the drug was begun. When perfusion of
      the heart with medium containing verapamil was continued for 60 min, contractile
      force gradually returned to control. at the end of 60 min of perfusion with
      verapamil, the myocardial concentration of cyclic AMP was not different from that
      measured in hearts perfused with contro medium for a similar time period.
      Isoproterenol, given at the point of maximal contractile depression induced by
      verapamil, restored normal force of contraction and raised cardiac cyclic AMP to
      the same level as that observed when the catecholamine was given to untreated
      hearts; When methoxamine was administered to hearts depressed by verapamil,
      contractility returned to normal, but cyclic AMP content remained below control
      values.

PMID- 174170
TI  - [Angiotensin and the lung (author's transl)].

PMID- 174172
TI  - [Solid and cystic hidradenoma: clinical and pathological characteristics in 8
      patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 174171
TI  - [Clinical trial of Polydexa ear drops in otology (apropos of 30 cases)].

PMID- 174173
TI  - [Effects of ACTH on plasma insulin and glucose].
AB  - The authors studied the effects of intramuscular and intravenous administration
      of ACTH on plasma glucose and insulin in rabbits. They found well marked
      differences --specially in insulin behavior-- between the effects of ACTH in
      rabbits and in humans. In rabbits, the investigators observed hyperinsulinism
      unable to decrease glycemia levels. These data are discussed.

PMID- 174174
TI  - [Current aspects of immunoprophylaxis and chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis].

PMID- 174175
TI  - [Comparative study of biological case findings made with 1 and with 2 units of
      PPD].
AB  - Testings were carried out with one unit of PPD in 2865 children aged between 1
      and 6 years in the course of 1972 and with two units of PPD in 2822 children aged
      between 1 and 6 years in the course of 1973. The aspect of the histograms of the
      two groups was clearly different, the one corresponding to 2 units, tested
      children showing a more marked bi-modal aspect due to the higher number of
      reactions of 10-11 mm in diameter (7,5%). The data resulting from the processing
      of the histograms, of the infecting density of the environment and of the median
      diameters of the reactions were not conclusive. Between the children tested with
      one unit 6 cases were detected (5 of which with active tuberculosis), while
      between those tested with 2 units 22 cases were found (one of wich with an active
      form of tuberculosis). Among the children tested with one unit of PPD
      contamination sources could be detected in 100% of the cases and in those tested
      with 2 units in 51,2% of the cases. The methodology based on the exclusive
      examination of hyperallergics to one unit of PPD and of their contacts, as
      compared with the examination of all positive reactions to 2 units and of their
      contacts has a resolution ability which is higher for an amount of work roughly
      30 times less, but in the detection campaign it may omit sick children and
      contaminators that have not been known until the investigation. The author
      suggests for the examination of all positive cases with reactions to 2 units of
      PPD and of their contacts.

PMID- 174176
TI  - [Urogenital tuberculosis in antituberculosis dispensary practice].
AB  - The investigations carried out within the district depending upon the dispensary
      showed that urogenital tuberculosis incidence is in the second place, after
      respiratory tuberculosis; in 47% of the cases it was the only manifestation of
      the disease, in the other cases it was secondary to or accompanied other
      tuberculous localizations.

PMID- 174177
TI  - [Study of adverse reactions in pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated with
      rifampicin].
AB  - The present study concerns the clinical appraisal of adverse reactions reported
      in the course of Rifampicin (RMP) treatment, reactions which have given rise to
      conflicting reports. The lot studied included 243 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis
      of which 57 were treated according to the 7/7 regime (600 mg RMP), 152 according
      to the 2/7 regimen (900-1200 mg RMP) and 34 according to the 7/7 followed by the
      2/7 regimen. Tolerance to RMP was followed up by a series of adequate tests and
      close clinical surveillance. Adverse reactions developed in 31.5% to 41.5% of the
      cases in terms of the treatment scheme. In the intermittent treatment adverse
      reactions occurred in 17.1% of the cases.

PMID- 174178
TI  - [Comparative immediate results after the use of several lyophilized BCG
      vaccines].
AB  - A number of 1928 children were vaccinated intradermally with 12 series of BCG
      vaccine produced by the Cantacuzino Institute and 2 experimental vaccines,
      prepared in the same laboratory by the same current technique, i.e. a Romanian
      strain and a French strain, lot 1173 P2. With the experimental vaccines 2 doses
      were used, with the other vaccines a single standard dose of 0.10 mg. Appraisal
      of tuberculin sensitivity 8-10 weeks after vaccination showed differences in
      tuberculin duration, varying between 13.23 mm and 16.27 mm in diameter with the
      selected vaccines (using 2 units PPD) and were much smaller (8.6 mm -- 12.28 mm)
      with the operational series of vaccines.

PMID- 174179
TI  - [Abacillary cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis not treated with bacteriostatics].
AB  - A study was carried out on 48 cases of tuberculosis with a clinical and
      radiologic symptomatology but negative at the repeated bacteriologic
      examinations. The results suggested that these might be cases of spontaneous
      recovery since there were no evolutive radiologic signs. Although the lack of
      contagion may be admitted these cases especially the young children should be
      isolated and kept under radiologic and bacteriologic surveillance for at least
      three years.

PMID- 174180
TI  - [Bacterio-epidemiological significance of diabetes mellitus-pulmonary
      tuberculosis syntropy].
AB  - The author discusses infectivity before and after complex treatment with the
      classical tuberculostatics in 42 diabetics with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis of
      the total of 78 subjects followed up for three years, the other 36 subjects being
      compensated metabolically and pulmonarily. Although the number of negative cases
      increased fourfold there remained a high proportion of bacilli eliminators, the
      diabetics becoming negative at a much slower rate.

PMID- 174181
TI  - [Pulmonary histiocytosis X].

PMID- 174182
TI  - [Side effects in strictly supervised treatment with rifampicin and ethambutol].

PMID- 174183
TI  - [Generalized disseminated tuberculosis verrucosa after BCG vaccination].

PMID- 174184
TI  - Pneumocystis carinii: diagnosis during assisted ventilation.

PMID- 174185
TI  - Comparison of behaviour of very low density lipoproteins of type III
      hyperlipoproteinaemia on electrophoresis on paper and on agarose gel with a note
      on a late (slow) pre-beta VLDL liproprotein.
AB  - The diagnosis of type III hyperlipoproteinaemia is based on the presence of a
      very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) that on electrophoresis has beta instead of
      the usual pre-beta mobility. This definition is based on paper electrophoresis.
      Lipoproteins of type III sera were studied by simultaneous electrophoresis on
      paper and on agarose gel. On paper the ultracentrifugally isolated VLDL had beta
      mobility, but on agarose gel their mobility was slightly more rapid than beta. It
      is thus important to consider the electrophoretic conditions in the diagnosis of
      type III. The diagnosis of type III is further complicated by the presence of
      agarose gel electrophoresis - contrary to paper - of a second, a 'late pre-beta
      VLDL' lipoprotein (LPbeta) in 20-30 per cent of both normal and
      hyperlipoproteinaemic sera. Quantitative lipoprotein analysis of 609 consecutive
      sera showed that when LPbeta was present, both in normo- and
      hyperlipoproteinaemia, certain significant lipoprotein changes occurred. Thus
      VLDL had a high cholesterol content and a raised cholesterol to triglyceride
      ratio. Furthermore, the triglyceride content of low density lipoproteins (LDL)
      was increased. These lipoprotein abnormalities are also seen in type III
      hyperlipoproteinaemia. With regard both to chemical composition of VLDL and LDL
      and to electrophoretic mobility on agarose gel of VLDL, type III
      hyperlipoproteinaemia and LPbeta are similar. The possibility of a metabolic
      relation is discussed.

PMID- 174186
TI  - Lecithin:cholesterol acyl transfer in plasma of normal persons in relation to
      lipid and lipoprotein concentration.
AB  - Information concerning variation in the lecithin:cholesterol acyl transfer (LCAT)
      rate in normal persons is scanty. We have therefore analyzed the LCAT rate and
      the lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in the plasma of healthy normolipidemic
      persons 20-60 years of age, 40 men and 40 women. 10 per decade and sex.
      Interindividual variation in molar LCAT rate was 57-130 mumol-u(-1)-h-1 (mean +/-
      2 S.D.) with no sex difference. Intraindividual variation of molar LCAT rate
      studied in 8 women and 9 men was shown to be greater than expected from
      methodological error and was not explainable by the small changes in plasma lipid
      concentration during the observation period. In the women the molar LCAT rat was
      lower during the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle than during the
      postovulatory phase. There was positive correlations between the molar LCAT rate
      and most of the lipid parameters in plasma. By partial correlation analysis a
      positive correlation was shown between LCAT rate and triglyceride concentration
      irrespective of other lipid parameters. Keeping triglyceride concentration
      constant, there was a positive correlation between molar LCAT rate and total
      phospholipid, unesterified cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, or low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration. No correlation was found between
      high-density lipoprotein (HDL) lipid concentration and LCAT rate. Thus in normal
      subjects there seems to be a direct relation between very low density lipoprotein
      and LDL lipid concentration and molar LCAT rate but no relation between HDL lipid
      concentration and LCAT rate.

PMID- 174187
TI  - Substrate specificity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Esterification of
      desmosterol, b-sitosterol, and cholecalciferol in human plasma.
AB  - Desmosterol and beta-sitosterol were esterified when incubated with normal human
      plasma. The initial rate of demosterol esterification was 1.7 times faster, and
      that of beta-sitosterol 0.4 times slower, than the esterification rate of
      cholesterol. These ratios were found to be almost the same when plasma from
      different normal individuals was tested. Plasma from a patient with familial
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency did not esterify any of the
      sterols. The esterification of desmosterol and beta-sitosterol was considerably
      slower in normal plasma in which in vitro cholesterol esterification previously
      had taken place. The different esterification rates could not be explained by a
      different affinity of the plasma lipoproteins for the sterols tested.
      Cholecalciferol added to normal plasma did not become esterified.

PMID- 174188
TI  - Characterization of a cobalamin-binding plasma protein from a patient with
      hepatoma.
AB  - A cobalamin-binding protein has been purified by affinity chromatography from
      plasma of a patient with hepatoma and a 10,000-fold increase in the concentration
      of the plasma cobalamin-binding capacity. The protein behaved as normal
      transcobalamin I in gel filtration, agar gel electrophoresis,
      immunoelectrophoresis, precipitation by ammonium sulphate, and cobalamin-binding
      studies. The protein contained 38 per cent carbohydrate, and the relative
      molecular mass based on amino acid and carbohydrate analyses was 69,000. The
      molar absorption coefficient of cyanocobalamin bound to the protein was
      determined to be 36,000 at 362 nm. On amino acid sequencing, one amino terminal
      was found, and the first 13 residues were determined as Glu-Ile-Ser/Cys-Glu-Val
      Ser/Cys-Glu-Glu-Asx-Tyr-Ile-Arg-Leu/Ile.

PMID- 174189
TI  - Methodological aspects of protein-binding assays for cyclic AMP in human adipose
      tissue.
AB  - The specificity of the protein-binding assay for cyclic AMP according to Gilman's
      method (11) was studied in human adipose tissue. A kit assay obtained from
      Boehringer-Mannheim was used for the study. Impurities in the solvents used for
      homogenization and extraction influenced the assay and led to serious
      overestimation of the actual amount of cAMP. This was corrected for by treating
      the standard and tissue samples in the same manner. Extracts from human adipose
      tissue contained material that increased the binding of cAMP to the binding
      protein and let to underestimation of intracellular cAMP by 60-70 per cent. This
      was overcome by using a protein kinase inhibitor in the assay. Furthermore, when
      human adipose tissue was incubated in an albumin-containing medium, intracellular
      cAMP was underestimated by 30 per cent, since albumin increased the binding of
      camp to the binding protein.

PMID- 174190
TI  - Isotachophoresis: a new technique for determination of tissue metabolite
      concentrations.
AB  - An electrophoretic technique, isotachophoresis, has been adapted for qualitative
      and quantitative analysis of metabolites in human muscle tissue. Metabolite
      concentrations exceeding 0.1 nmol X kg-1 wet muslce could be determined in 5-10
      mg muscle biopsy samples generally in good agreement with conventional analytical
      methods.

PMID- 174191
TI  - Herpes simplex virus type 2 and acute aseptic meningitis. Clinical features of
      cases with isolation of herpes simplex virus from cerebrospinal fluids.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was recovered from the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of
      10 patients with acute aseptic meningitis. HSV type 1 was isolated from the CSF
      of a 6-month-old boy. The other 9 HSV isolates from CSF were from adults in the
      age-group 15 to 29 years; 7 of these isolates were available for typing and were
      identified as HSV type 2. In a further 9 patients with acute aseptic meningitis
      and belonging to the same age-group a HSV infection was suggested by a
      significant titre rise in complement-fixing antibodies against HSV. The clinical
      features of the 10 patients with HSV isolation from CSF are presented. The 6
      month-old boy with HSV type 1 had an acute benign aseptic meningitis. Seven of
      the 9 adults with HSV isolation from CSF (type 2 in all isolates available for
      typing) had an acute uncomplicated aseptic meningitis, one patient (with type 2
      isolated) had an acute meningoencephalitis and one (isolate untyped) an acute
      meningomyelitis.

PMID- 174192
TI  - Group therapy for schizophrenia: a practical approach.

PMID- 174193
TI  - The receptors of steroid hormones.

PMID- 174194
TI  - Receptor-mediated control of cholesterol metabolism.

PMID- 174195
TI  - [Functional aortic systolic murmurs in the elderly].
AB  - The authors report a clinical and phonocardiographic study of functional aortic
      systolic murmurs in 26 elderly patients, in 19 of which the lesion was confirmed
      pathologically. Systolic murmurs radiating across the chest in elderly have the
      same clinical characteristics as aortic stenosis from which they may, however, be
      distinguished owing to the: absence of a thrill during systole. The brief
      duration and the proto-meso-systolic position of the murmur with early
      inscription of maximal oscillations on the phonocardiogram. Conversion of the
      second aortic sound. Almost constant absence of a diastolic murmur. Normal
      carotid arteriogram, including normal ejection time after correction and time of
      half rise. "Innocent" systolic murmurs are due to calcification of the aortic
      valve without stenosis, and/or dilatation of the ascending aorta. There is no
      systolic pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta during
      cardiac catheterisation. No lesions were found in the mitral valve suggesting
      mitral incompetence, therefore, we consider the term mitro-aortic murmur used by
      Huchard should be dropped; Radiation of the murmur from the apex of the heart up
      into the neck may be explained by the simultaneous occurrence of anatomical
      changes due to age and/or hypertension and by the vibratory nature of the murmurs
      which become propagated above and below their origin, as shown by the
      intracardiac recordings.

PMID- 174196
TI  - [Various etiologies of systolic murmurs radiating from the apex of the heart to
      the neck].
AB  - The authors studied systolic murmurs in 89 cases, 50 of aortic stenosis, 14 cases
      of obstructive cardiomyopathy and 20 cases of mitral incompetence. This systolic
      murmur is characterised by its exceptional intensity, its raspy character at the
      base, becoming softer at the apex and in the axilla, the presence of a thrill and
      irradiation into the neck in 50 to 75% of cases. The etiological diagnosis was
      ensured precisely by 1) pharmaco-dynamic tests: amyl nitrite accentuates the
      systolic ejection murmurs and attenuates murmurs due to mitral regurgitation. 2)
      careful analysis of diastole: a systolic murmur extending into early diastole, a
      third sound or an opening snap and a low-pitched diastolic murmur, suggest mitral
      incompetence. A high-pitched diastolic murmur is in favour of aortic stenosis. 3)
      the carotid arteriogram and catheterisation show the characteristic abnormalities
      of the carotid arteriogram found in aortic valve disease and the existence of a
      trans-aortic or intra-ventricular pressure gradient, when there is an obstruction
      to left ventricular jection. The F wave of the apex cardiogram or left atrial
      reflux of the contrast medium during cineangiocardiography, confirm mitral
      incompetence. The main phono-hemodynamic and phono-anatomical correlations have
      been emphasized: 1. The intensity of the systolic murmur is directly proportional
      to the degree of obstructive cardiomyopathy or mitral incompetence, but does not
      parallel the degree of the sub-valvular apparatus. 3. The maximum intensity of
      the murmur occurs all the later when the stenosis is tight, whilst it is earlier
      in severe obstructive cardio-myopathy. 4. The lozange shape of the murmur of
      mitral incompetence on phono-cardiography is, above all, due to those cases with
      lesions of the sub-valvular apparatus. Finally, a study of the sound recorded by
      the Allard-Laurens micromanometer permitted us to determine the mechanism of this
      irradiating systolic murmur.

PMID- 174197
TI  - [Supravalvular ring type aortic stenosis with hypoplasia of the ascending aorta
      and stenosis of the origin of the innominate artery. Surgical correction].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 19 year old woman with supravalvar aortic
      stenosis and hypoplasia of the ascending aorta with stenosis at the origin of the
      innominate artery. This was a sporadic form, without mental deficiency nor facial
      dysmorphia. No similar case was found in the family. The patient had three
      attacks of bacterial endocarditis over a period of 3 years and became cured
      without any cardiac sequelae. In view of the onset of left ventricular failure
      and sequelae. In view of the onset of left ventricular failure and syncope,
      operation was decided. A lozange-shaped patch was placed on the aorta from the
      narrowed supravalvar part to the origin of the innominate artery and prolonged on
      the latter vessel after relief of the stenosis. This gave an excellent result.

PMID- 174198
TI  - [Istope examinations in coronary intensive care units].
AB  - Radio-isotopes may be of use in investigation of patients with heart disease on
      an intensive care unit. These investigations are not traumatic. The radio
      isotopes are innocuous and reliable, the examinations may be easily repeated and
      are therefore of great interest in diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular
      disease.

PMID- 174199
TI  - [Indications for permanent electrosystolic pacing in arrhythmia revealed or
      aggravated by treatment].
AB  - The authors report 25 cases of patients, average age 67 years with severe
      coronary or valvular heart disease, with conduction disorders. The conduction
      disorder occurred alone in 8 cases and was associated with a disorder of
      excitability in 17 cases. It was either obvious, as in 14 cases, or latent, as in
      11 cases, and precipitated by various forms of treatment, the disadvantage of
      which was the negative dromotrope effect. This treatment was prescribed for
      permanent resting angina (amiodarone and prenylamine), heart failure (digitoxin)
      or excitability disorder (beta-blockaders or procainamide). 11 patients had one
      or several fainting attacks. Permanent electro-systolic pacing with stimulation
      on demand, is necessary in all patients to palliate the consequences of
      treatment. In 11 cases out of 25, prior temporary pacing permitted the authors to
      assess the efficacy of treatment. The high post-operative mortality (40%) is not
      due to the apparatus but depends on the severity of the coronary heart disease or
      heart failure in these patients, In 60% of cases, the result of stimulation was
      excellent and was maintained permanently.

PMID- 174200
TI  - [Reye's syndrome: pathological study of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report two personal cases of Reye's syndrome, one of which was
      studied by electron microscopy, and comment on the pathological characteristics
      of this disease. The hepatic lesions are most important and resemble fatty
      degeneration rather than simple steatosis. This notion is confirmed by data
      obtained by electron microscopy which revealed marked abnormalities of the
      cellular organites, in particular, mitochondria. The nervous involvement included
      mainly, oedema of the nerve sheath. These facts emphasize the importance of
      metabolic disturbances in the physiopathology of the disease.

PMID- 174201
TI  - [Destructive lesions of the middle and lower part of the cervical spine during
      rheumatoid arthritis. Study of the neurological complications. A case with
      quadriplegia].
AB  - Lesions of the middle and lower part of the cervical spine during rheumatoid
      arthritis are less frequent than those of the cervico-occipital joint. They
      concern the discs on the one hand, the posterior inter-apophyseal joints, on the
      other hand. The authors report a case of rheumatic spondylodiscitis of C5-C6 with
      dislocation, complicated by quadriplegia, and review other published cases of
      rheumatoid lesions of the middle and lower cervical spine with neurological
      complications. The mechanisms of these lesions and their complications are then
      discussed.

PMID- 174202
TI  - [Different pathogenic power of the original BCG strain of the Pasteur Institute
      and of an isoniazid resistant strain. Histopathological study and significance of
      local abscesses after inoculation of guinea pig].
AB  - The inoculation into guinea pigs of 10 mg of BCG, obtained either from the
      Pasteur Institute original strain, or from a mutant isoniazid resistant strain,
      B1 catalase positive, caused in 40.4% of cases, the onset of abscesses at the
      point of injection. The frequency and course of these abscesses appear quite
      different with the two strains, 92.8% with the classical strain, persisting in
      more than half of the cases after one year, and 23.5% with the INH-resistant
      strains which regressed within 6 months. Histologically, the structure of the
      recent abscesses, with a large histiocytic wall often rich in bacteria, and a
      very cellular necrotic content, appears different from that of old abscesses with
      a thin wall and a heterogeneous content, calcification with reaction to foreign
      bodies, and presence of granules due to the persistance of bacteria. The INH
      resistant strain is thus in the guinea pig, less aggressive and more rapidly
      eliminated than the classical Pasteur strain. The course and morphology of
      abscesses in guinea pigs are very similar to certain old lesions of human
      tuberculosis and involve, in all strains, phenomena of cell immunity both general
      and local.

PMID- 174203
TI  - [Camptodactyly. Apropos of 25 cases].
AB  - In a group of 120 mental patients, the authors found obvious camptodactyly in 65
      patients (46%), especially in psychopaths, neurotics and related conditions.
      Clinical, psychological, radiological and laboratory investigations were carried
      out in 25 of these cases. The disease was accompanied by disorders of glucose
      metabolism, endocrine abnormalities, EEG and bone abnormalities together with
      arthrosis. The mental disorder, causing an inability to return to work, attracted
      our attention to the series of abnormalities found in these subjects
      investigated.

PMID- 174204
TI  - [Acute febrile acquired toxoplasmosis of typhoid type in healthy adults].

PMID- 174205
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases. Results of 57 early amniocenteses].
AB  - The authors report the results of anmiocenteses carried out early in 57 cases, in
      order to detect hereditary disorders in high risk pregnancies. They emphasize the
      necessity of prior genetic consultation and obstetric examination. Among the 57
      cases, 53 had the examination carried out in order to seek a chromosome anomaly.
      The techniques of removal and culture are described. One pregnancy was
      interrupted, the foetus had a chromosome abnormality. The psychological aspect
      and the necessity of close cooperation between gynecologists and geneticians are
      discussed.

PMID- 174206
TI  - [Procedure for inscription of drugs on the Social Security reimbursement list].

PMID- 174207
TI  - [Efficacy of contraception. Reflections on its statisitcal evaluation and its
      real value].

PMID- 174208
TI  - [Ulcerous complication developing on a subcutaneous gastric tube after
      esophagoplasty].

PMID- 174209
TI  - [Ischemic gastric ulcer on a stomach transposed into the thorax. Treatment by
      aorticohepatic venous transplant].

PMID- 174210
TI  - [Carcinoid tumor of the terminal ileum, ulcerated cancer of the stomach and
      hepatic metastasis].

PMID- 174211
TI  - [Cholecystoduodenal fistula and successive stages of the formation of a biliary
      ileus].

PMID- 174212
TI  - [Necrotizing and hemorrhagic enterocolitis].

PMID- 174213
TI  - [Hepatic metastasis of an ileal carcinoid tumor. Unusual angiographic
      pseudocystic aspect of one of them].

PMID- 174214
TI  - [Association of hepatic hydatidosis (3 cysts) and choledochal distomiasis].

PMID- 174215
TI  - [Calculus remaining in the bile duct after an unfruitful attempt at surgical
      extraction and Pribram's method].

PMID- 174216
TI  - [Annular pancreas in an adult: symptomalogic discussion].

PMID- 174217
TI  - [Double abdominal teratoma].

PMID- 174218
TI  - [Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report two cases of cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas and review the
      clinical, radiological and angiographic findings. The pathological study may be
      first disappointing, especially on frozen sections in the operating theater. The
      diagnosis depends essentially on the finding of an epithelial border which is
      difficult to demonstrate for it is often interrupted on one part of the
      circumference. Malignancy is suggested by the characteristics of the cells and
      the structural disorganisation. Total removal is necessary to avoid relapses,
      provided one removes neighbouring organs and all invaded lymph nodes.
      Cystadenomas and cystadeno-carcinomas are very rare tumours. The passage from one
      to the other seems inevitable. The necessity for surgery is thus absolute.
      However, if the malignant tumour is irremovable, an anastomosis between the cyst
      and the digestive tract may temporarily relieve the patient, especially as the
      course is sometimes rather slow.

PMID- 174219
TI  - [Chronic tubulo-interstitial nephropathy and tapetal-retinal degeneration.
      Senior's syndrome?].
AB  - Following Contreras and Espinoza in 1960, Senior and Loken, in 1961, described a
      new familial entity in which were associated renal and eye involvement in
      addition to Alport and Lowe's syndromes. About 30 cases of this syndrome have
      been reported until now. We report here a new case discovered with very advanced
      renal failure. No metabolic or enzymatic abnormality of the lysosomes was
      discovered. The family history and an investigation of the parents and six other
      siblings, did not reveal any similar case. Frequency of the morbid association,
      interstitial nephritis and retinal degeneration, is definitely underestimated. It
      raises numerous problems concerning the hereditary causes and the metabolic
      nature of both conditions, together with its place in classification of tubulo
      interstitial nephritis described under the term of nephronophtisis. In practice,
      recognition of this association should permit early detection of the various
      components and assessment of the prognosis and family risk.

PMID- 174220
TI  - [Complications of lymphography. A propos of 5 cases].
AB  - Complications noted following lymphography have been published by several
      authors. The authors report here a series of 5 cases occurring in patients with
      mediastinal and lung cancer. They report the various clinical manifestations
      resembling fat embolism, the free interval and general signs, pulmonary,
      neurological, hematological and dermatological symptoms associated with
      inconstant laboratory abnormalities which permit one to suggest a complex
      pathogenesis: --Immuno-allergic (early shock due to circulating antibodies). -
      Mechanical and vascular: incomplete removal of low viscosity lipiodol by the
      pulmonary macrophage system permits liberation of micro-vascular emboli. --By
      abnormality of blood coagulation and the onset of a syndrome of widespread
      intravascular coagulation. Better recognition of the pathogenesis associated with
      the development of new therapeutic principles, should permit better prevention
      and control of these complications.

PMID- 174221
TI  - [Association of multiple basal cell carcinomas of the face and spinocerebellar
      degeneration. Study of 4 familial cases including an anatomo-clinical
      description].
AB  - The authors report 4 cases of the morbid familial association revealing itself
      late in life (average age 37.7 years) including multiple basal cell carcinomas of
      the face and neurological and psychiatric symptoms, the most complete examples of
      which were severe, including mixed cerebello-spinal ataxia, involvement of the
      anterior horns of the spinal cord, a pyramidal syndrome and extra-pyramidal
      syndrome, abolition of the osteo-tendinous reflexes, dementia, paralysis of
      certain cranial nerves. These are associated constantly with increased glucose
      concentration in the cerebro-spinal fluid and dilatation of the cerebral
      ventricles. The course is unusual. The skin signs always occur first. There is a
      definite parallel between the severity of the skin involvement and that of the
      central nervous system. A neuropathological study of one case (case 2) showed
      lesions of degenerative type resembling spino-cerebellar degeneration of Menzel
      type with supramedullary diffusion to the locus niger, locus coeruleus, cranial
      nerves and thalamus. From these clinical and pathological findings, the authors
      noted an original pathological and clinical entity and consider certain
      diagnostic and pathological problems. The precise relationship between the skin
      and nervous lesions is unknown, but may be due to abiotrophic processes.
      Concerning the classification, this disease should not be included among the
      phacomatoses for there is no biastema tendency, and should be included among the
      more general group of neuro-cutaneous dystrophies or genoneurodermatoses.

PMID- 174222
TI  - [4 cases of osteomalacia during anticonvulsant or sedative treatment].
AB  - The authors report osteomalacia in 3 cases of epilepsy and one case of coronary
      heart disease treated with phenobarbitone, either alone or associated with other
      anticonvulsants. There were clinical signs in all cases and typical radiological
      signs in 3 cases, a characteristic laboratory syndrome in 4 cases. In the 3 cases
      where it was estimated, serum levels of parathormone were high. Finally, in 3
      cases where it was measured, daily  urinary excretion of glucaric D acid was
      increased. The bony histological signs studied in 3 cases, were similar to those
      in deficiency osteomalacia. A study of Ca45 metabolism in one case, showed the
      characteristic changes found in osteomalacia. Finally, a study of the metabolism
      of tritiated vitamin D, or tritiated 25 OH CC, carried out in 3 cases, gave 3
      different patterns; only one of them was characteristic of enzyme induction under
      the dependency of anticonvulsant. Started in 2 cases, treatment with 125 OH2CC,
      brought about a rapid fall in blood PTH levels which then rose again before
      falling progressively in one case, under treatment with 25 OH CC. The bony
      histological signs of hyperparathyroidism then regressed whilst serum PTH levels
      remained high. Phosphorous and calcium balance improved in only one case.
      Treatment with 25 OH CC in high dosage brought about clinical, radiological and
      laboratory cure of osteomalacia in both cases, reducing the frequency of fits in
      the epileptic patient.

PMID- 174224
TI  - [Short choledochus: an unrecognized cause of duodenobiliary reflux. A propos of a
      new case].

PMID- 174223
TI  - [Tribute to Andre Leri. Clinical, radiologic and anatomic study of the first case
      of pleonosteosis].

PMID- 174225
TI  - [Balzac or the fury of self-destruction].

PMID- 174226
TI  - Ultrasonic and radionuclide scanning in pancreatic disease.
AB  - Ultrasonic examination of the pancreas is rendered difficult by the echogenic
      characteristics of the organ, by its depth, by the overlying gas, and by bony
      structures and anatomic variations. The reintroduction of gray-scale imaging
      promises to simplify the technique and expand its usefulness. The 75Se-/
      selenomethionine scan is a reliable test when performed after effective
      pancreatic stimulation with a scintillation camera that permits the angulation
      required to separate pancreas from liver. Gallium-67-citrate may be important for
      both mapping inflammatory processes and imaging some tumors. Retrograde
      pancreatography has developed into a rather reliable and sensitive method of
      visualizing pancreatic duct abnormalities. Angiography remains the most reliable
      technique for finding small lesions, while computerized axial tomography appears
      a promising modality in the near future. In acute pancreatitis, gallium scanning
      may find a place alongside plain films, GI series, and echography. Chronic
      pancreatitis appears best studied by pancreatography, possibly with
      selenomethionine scanning as a function study and echography to find associated
      mass lesions. Pseudocysts are most easily located by ultrasound examination.
      Screening for pancreatic carcinoma is done most effectively with selenomethionine
      scanning when the index of suspicion is low and with pancreatography or
      arteriography when it is high. Echography is useful for localization for
      aspiration biopsy and for sequential evaluation of therapeutic response. Islet
      cell tumors are best found by angiographic studies.

PMID- 174228
TI  - Bone scanning: radionuclidic reaction mechanisms.
AB  - One of the major successes of nuclear medicine in recent years has been the
      clinical utility of the 99mTc-labeled bone-imaging agents. This article is
      concerned with the evidence available for the mechanisms by which these and other
      such radiopharmaceuticals localize at sites in the skeleton.

PMID- 174229
TI  - Observations on the mechanism of 99mTc-labeled phosphate complex uptake in
      metabolic bone disease.
AB  - This communication describes a series of clinical and animal in vivo and in vitro
      investigations designed to elucidate the mechanism of 99mTc-Sn-phosphate complex
      concentration in metabolic bone disease. Rachitic and lathyritic animals were
      used as experimental models. Based on these studies it is concluded that 99mTc
      alters the pharmacology of the phosphate complexes, in particular pyrophosphate,
      which was the test agent most extensively employed, so that the usual affinity
      for mineral is for the greater part replaced by organic matrix binding. There is
      also evidence to suggest the immature collagen moiety of the organic matrix is
      the prime target of 99mTc-Sn-phosphate complex binding. Specifically, the
      aldehyde groups of the collagen molecule are suspected as being the major site of
      interaction.

PMID- 174227
TI  - Bone trauma and related benign disease: assessment by bone scanning.
AB  - The radionuclide investigation of skeletal trauma in the past was confined
      generally to scintimetry and an occasional bone scan. The development of improved
      radiopharmaceuticals, including 99mTc-labeled compounds with their enhanced
      sensitivity, and the refinement of imaging devices offering superior resolution
      and speed have allowed a more detailed assessment of conditions resulting from
      trauma. Practical approaches to the diagnosis of subtle bone injury resulting in
      stress fracture, the differentiation between delayed healing and nonunion, and
      early recognition of avascular necrosis and osteomyelitis are now available. The
      changing pattern of radionuclide uptake in bone following damage by radiation and
      other abnormalities as a consequence of trauma also can be easily studied.

PMID- 174230
TI  - The mechanism of late local recurrence of carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 174231
TI  - [Etiologic role of cytomegalovirus in infectious mononucleosis and certain viral
      diseases].

PMID- 174233
TI  - Effect of natural oestrogens on blood pressure and weight in postmenopausal
      women.
AB  - An investigation of the effect of conjugated oestorgens (USP) on the blood
      pressure and weight gain of postmenopausal women was undertaken. Fifty-one
      unselected women were treated for one year with cyclically administered
      conjugated oestrogen. Both the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of
      those in the group increased, but only the diastolic was significantly elevated.
      Individual evaluation revealed that this was largely owing to an idiosyncrasy
      among certain women. Age is probably a predisposing factor, for hypertension
      occurred more frequently among the older women. The significance of the change in
      blood pressure is commented upon, and the recommendation that postmenopausal
      women on oestrogen replacement therapy should have their blood pressure measured
      every 6 months is made. Weight gain is not affected by long-term treatment with
      conjugated oestrogens.

PMID- 174232
TI  - Idiopathic neurotrophic feet in blacks.
AB  - Black patients with idiopathic neurotrophic feet are described and analysed.
      Evidence is presented to show that the essential pathological lesion is a
      peripheral neuropathy caused by an excessive consumption of alcohol and a poor
      diet. It is characterised clinically by a peripheral neuropathy, perforating
      septic ulcers over pressure points, resorption, and clawing of toes, bilateral
      foot involvement, usually good foot pulses, and an offensive odour.

PMID- 174234
TI  - Liver cell carcinoma during the prime of life.
AB  - During a 23 year period at Memorial Hospital, the diagnosis of liver cell
      carcinoma was made in 42 patients who were 11 to 40 years old. Ninety per cent
      were Caucasian, mostly born in the United states. No occupational hazard was
      detected. Serum hepatitis antigen was demonstrated in only one patient. Alpha
      fetoprotein was found in the serum of 55 per cent of nine patients tested. Eight
      three per cent were Rh positive, 43 per cent were ABO groups, A or O,
      respectively. Twenty-three per cent of 13 patients with sufficient material for
      study had an associated cirrhosis. Of these, active hepatitis with cirrhosis was
      present in one patient; postnecrotic cirrhosis was present in another.
      Approximately 7 per cent had a history of previous liver disease. One patient had
      infectious mononucleosis,  and nearly 13 per cent gave a family history of
      cancer. Weight loss or pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant was present in
      65 per cent, and hepatomegaly was found in 88 per cent. Only one patient
      presented with hemoperitoneum simulating an acute condition within abdomen. The
      liver profile examinations characteristically revealed an elevation in serum
      alkaline phosphatase, 5 nucleotidase, and Bromsulphalein retention with normal
      bilirubin level. The most common finding, upon roentgenographic examination, was
      an elevated right hemidiaphragm. Selective celiac and superior mesenteric
      angiography and 99mTc sulfur colloid liver scans were both done in 13 patients.
      There was a 75 per cent accuracy rate in localization of the tumor. At
      laparotomy, the tumor was found to be confined to one lobe in seven patients and
      involved both lobes in ten. Twenty-seven patients were thought to have
      multicentric tumors and 15 unicentric lesions. Only ten were found to be
      candidates for hepatic lobectomy. Five and ten years survival rates were 20 per
      cent; the operative mortality rate was 40 per cent. Twenty per cent died within a
      year, ten per cent, one patient, is alive with disease at 28 months and another
      is free of disease at 31-months. Paraneoplastic syndromes were erythrocytosis in
      two patients, terminal stage of hypoglycemia in one patient, and
      hypocholesterolemia with associated excess beta globulin in one patient.

PMID- 174235
TI  - Ruptured abdominal aneurysms presenting with unilateral peripheral neuropathy.
AB  - Neurologic deficits uncommonly occur following successful aortic surgery for
      aneurysm. Two cases are presented in which peripheral neuropathy precipitated the
      diagnosis of ruptured aneurysm. Both patients had large retroperitoneal hematomas
      at operation, and the neuropathy was due presumably to compression of the femoral
      and obturator nerves. Neither patient has shown significant improvement in
      function in the affected muscles after operation. This represents an important
      diagnostic sign with leaking or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 174236
TI  - The position of long-term stimulation of the endogenous fibrinolytic system:
      present achievements and clinical perspectives.

PMID- 174237
TI  - Culture of arterial endothelial cells: characterization and growth of bovine
      aortic cells.
AB  - Arterial endothelial cells were obtained from bovine aortae by mild treatment
      with collagenase and medium perfusion. These cells were cultured in RPMI-1640
      medium containing 15mM Hepes buffer and 35% fetal calf serum at pH 7.35.
      Essentially all (90-95%) the effluent cells were viable and 80% of these cells
      attached to the substratum within 1 hour. Small patches of attached cells
      coalesced to form confluent monolayers in 3-5 days. Confluent monolayers of
      endothelial cells consisted of a homogeneous population of tightly packed,
      polygonal cells. Selected cultures were serially subcultured (trypsin-EDTA) for
      12-14 months (30-35 passages) without any apparent change in morphology or loss
      of growth characteristics. Primary and three-month old (15 passages) cultures had
      population doubling times of 32-34 hours and 29-31 hours, respectively. These
      cells (primary and subcultures) did not require a minimum cell number to become
      established in culture. Bovine endothelial cells (primary, first, fifth and
      thirteenth passages) were characterized ultrastructurally by the presence of
      Weibel-Palade bodies, pinocytotic vesicles and microfilaments and immunologically
      by the presence of thrombosthenin-like contractile proteins and Factor VIII
      antigen. The intercellular junctions of post-confluenct cultures stained
      specifically with silver nitrate. From these data, we concluded that identifiable
      endothelial cells could be obtained from bovine aortae and cultured and
      maintained for prolonged periods of time.

PMID- 174238
TI  - [Hepatitis epidemic in a narcotic community].

PMID- 174239
TI  - [Enteroviral infections and aseptic meningitis].

PMID- 174240
TI  - The compound eye in the opaque-eye phenotype of Drosophilia melanogaster.
AB  - The compound eye of the opaque-eye mutant of Drosophila melanogaster was
      investigated by means of electron microscopy to determine the morphological and
      physical properties of ommatidial elements. These elements in the mutant were
      found to differ from those of the wild-type flies in the following ways: (1) The
      cuticular lens was thinner than that of the control and lacked the typical
      lamellar construction. (2) The Semper cells were irregular in shape and contained
      many membranous inclusions similar to those found in degenerating cells; also
      their nuclei contained virus-like particles. (3) The primary pigment cells
      contained an abundance of drosopterin-containing granules which were lacking in
      those of wild-type flies. (4) The superior and inferior central photoreceptor
      cells were misplaced and their rhabdomeres evidenced some degeneration. (5) The
      secondary pigment cells had only one type of pigment granules instead of the
      three types found in the control. These morphological changes in ommatidial
      elements induced physical abnormalities such as the apparent opaqueness of the
      eye, the lack of a pseudopupil, the probable disability of the photoreceptor
      cells to respond to light and the inability of the dioptric system to produce
      utilizable geometric images.

PMID- 174241
TI  - Effect of partial thyroidectomy, propylthiouracil or thyroxine on estrogen
      induced intranuclear inclusions in mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - Partial thyroidectomy caused a significant increase in the number of intranuclear
      inclusions per field (2-83 +/- 0-10 inclusions as compared with 0-15 +/- 0-03
      inclusions for sham-controls). The inclusions occurred exclusively within
      mammotrophs. Thyrotrophs were stimulated: an increased cell size, numerous
      secretory granules, an enlarged Golgi apparatus and hypertrophic rough
      endoplasmic reticulum. Propylthiouracil caused similar ultrastructural changes
      although sighificantly fewer inclusions were observed (0-64 +/- 0-06 inclusions).
      Suppression of thyroid function with thyroxine produced no change in the number
      of inclusions (0-17 +/- 0-03 inclusions) although when combined with estrogen
      there were significantly fewer inclusions (1-62 +/- 0-07) when compared to
      estrogen alone (2-69 +/- 0-09). Intranuclear inclusions appear to be a unique
      reaction of mammotrophs to cellular hyperfunction in the Mongolian gerbil.

PMID- 174242
TI  - Intranuclear inclusions in mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil: effect of low
      doses of estradiol benzoate and a study of females before weaning.
AB  - The effect of dose of estrogen on induction of intranuclear inclusions was
      studied in mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil. The number of inclusions per high
      power field increased significantly with 0-5 and 1-0 mug/day of estradiol
      benzoate but not with the 0-05 mug dose. A form of inclusion was seen in young
      female gerbils before weaning which suggests that inclusions arise from the
      cytoplasm. Intranuclear inclusions develop soon after weaning of gerbils (0-06 +/
      0-01 vs. 0-19 +/- 0-03 for young mature females).

PMID- 174243
TI  - [Latest results in the research of infectious anemia in perissodactyla].

PMID- 174244
TI  - Experimental study of dibutyryl cyclic AMP; its metabolic effects observed in
      anesthetized human subjects.
AB  - Metabolic effects of N6,O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (DBcAMP) were
      studied in 10 anesthetized patients who were divided at random into two groups
      each consisting of 5 patients. DBcAMP dissolved in 200 ml of physiological saline
      was administered intravenously at a rate of 10 mg/min for 20 min in one group and
      20 mg/min for 20 min in the other group. DBcAMP infusion at either rate increased
      levels of blood glucose, immunoreactive plasma insulin, blood pyruvate and blood
      redox-potential while it reduced levels of glycerol, non-esterified fatty acid
      and inorganic phosphate. These findings suggest that 200 and 400 mg of DBcAMP
      stimulates glycogenolysis and glycolysis but inhibits lipolysis in man.

PMID- 174245
TI  - Primary cytomegalovirus infection and liver involvement in early infancy.
AB  - Virus isolation and determination of serum transaminase activity in 237 patients
      under one year of age were undertaken to clarify the etiologic significance of
      primary infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) in infancy. The rates of virus
      recovery from infants with liver involvement were 37% (29/78) and 42% (28/66), as
      determined by serum glutamic oxaloacetic (S-GOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic (S
      GPT) transaminase values. In contrast, CMV was recovered from 14% (18/127) and
      13% (18/141) of infants with normal S-GOT and S-GPT values. The differences in
      the rates of virus recovery between both groups were more pronounced in infants
      under three months of age, that is, 5 to 7 times higher rates in infants with
      liver involvement. Correlation between complement-fixing antibody and liver
      involvement, however, was not significant, probably because of the influence by
      maternal antibody. Majority of infants infected with CMV are postulated to
      involve liver during immediate months after onset of virus excretion.

PMID- 174246
TI  - A profound deficiency of (CH3-14C)choline sphingomyelin-cleaving enzyme in
      Niemann-Pick disease type B.
AB  - [Methyl-14C]sphingomyelin was synthesized by the method of Stoffel et al. (1971).
      A profound deficiency of sphingomyelinase activity was found in liver tissue from
      two sibling patients with Niemann-Pick disease type B.

PMID- 174247
TI  - Kinetics of microcolonies of cultured mammalian cells after gamma irradiation.
AB  - The time of cell destruction was determined by pedigree analysis before
      macrocolony formation immediately after irradiation of gamma rays (400-900 R) in
      cultured rat hepatoma cells. Cell destruction occurred and was distributed to
      various generations in proportion to dose. The loss of reproductive integrity
      resulting in an extinction of a clone was limited in earlier generations, 0 to 2,
      but the loss of reproductive capacity was observed in later generations. It seems
      probable that two types of loss of reproduction come from random transmission of
      lethal signals produced in parent cells irrespective of the pattern of pedigrees.

PMID- 174248
TI  - Measurement of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in serum of normal and tumor
      bearing rats.
AB  - The level of serum fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in rat was quantified by
      hemagglutination-inhibition immunoassay which utilized anti-rat-fibrinogen
      antiserum of rabbit and fibrinogen-coated rat erythrocytes. The sensitivity of
      this method was high enough to detect minute amounts of serum FDP in rats. The
      normal value ranged from 1.25 to 10 mug/ml with a mean value of 5.7 mug/ml as
      expressed as fibrinogen equivalents. The changes in FDP level were noted in tumor
      bearing rats which were transplanted subcutaneously with 10(6) tumor cells (AH
      109A, a strain of Yoshida rat ascites hepatoma). The FDP level was unchanged in
      an early stage, elevated to 56 mug/ml on 12th day and to 92 mug/ml on 16th day on
      an average. These elevations were statistically significant.

PMID- 174249
TI  - Investigation of hexachlorophene for dominant lethal effects in the mouse.
AB  - Hexachlorophene (HCP) was studied for mutagenic effects in the dominant lethal
      test on mice. Groups of male mice were treated with either 2.5 or 5.0 mg
      hexachlorophene per kg body weight as a single intraperitoneal injection. Control
      animals were treated with the propylene glycol vehicle. Each male was mated with
      3 untreated females for each of 8 consecutive weeks with the uterus of the
      females examined at mid-pregnancy for signs of early embryonic death. Treatment
      did not alter mating capacity and fertility of the males. The administration of
      hexachlorophene had no influence on pre- or post-implantation losses. An increase
      in early resorptions among female mice bred to males treated with the reference
      compound, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) given a single i.p. injection of 100
      mg/kg, indicated the susceptibility of the mouse strain used to a known mutagen.
      It is concluded that hexachlorophene at maximally tolerated doses is not
      mutagenic in the dominant lethal test in mice.

PMID- 174250
TI  - Psychophysiologic effects of early lead exposure.
AB  - In several separate experiments neonatal rats were intubated daily with 9, 27 or
      81 mg lead acetate/kg of body weight throughout their 3-week postnatal period of
      development. Based on average body weights, the total daily lead intake was
      0.156, 0.454 or 1.384 mg lead per animal, respectively (in addition to normal
      lead intake from the environment). Subtle and specific behavioral changes,
      involving an inability to attenuate inappropriate behavior in a two-way shuttle
      or a habit-reversal operant task, occurred in offspring following exposure to a
      minimum of 0.454 mg lead per day. The specificity of this central dysfunction was
      such that motor activity was normal, stress responsiveness remained unaffected
      and simple learning ability was comparable to that of controls. The only
      indication of a central neurochemical modification accompanying this behavioral
      defect was a tendency for telencephalic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and
      butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities to be depressed, suggesting a possible
      involvement of the cholinergic system. Steady-state levels of brain monoamines
      were unaltered. The experimental weanlings displayed an inhibition of blood delta
      amino levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, a parallel reduction in
      regional brain ALAD activity, a moderate reduction in hematocrit and hemoglobin
      and an increase in kidney weight. This latter effect occurred even at the lowest
      level of lead intake, 0.156 mg lead per day.

PMID- 174251
TI  - Exposure to an environment containing the aromatic red cedar, Juniperus
      virginiana: procarcinogenic, enzyme-inducing and insecticidal effects.
AB  - (1) Shavings from the Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) were examined for
      three diverse biological properties, i.e. enzyme induction, procarcinogenicity
      and insecticidal activity. (2) The ability of a cedar environment to stimulate
      liver drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice was confirmed by lowered values for
      barbiturate sleeping time. (3) In susceptible strains of mice (C3H-Avy, C3H-AvyfB
      and CBA/J) the use of cedar shavings as bedding increased significantly the
      incidence of spontaneous tumors of the liver and mammary gland, and also reduced
      the average time at which tumors appeared. (4) Cedar and some of its derivatives
      (Oil of Cedarwood, cedrene, cedrol) disrupted the reproductive and developmental
      cycle of a number of insects, including the Peanut Trash Bug (Elasmolomus
      sordidus), the Indian Meal Moth (Plodia interpunctella) and the Forage Mite
      (Tyrophagus putrescentiae).

PMID- 174252
TI  - [Clinicomorphological parallels in children with acute herpetic stomatitis].

PMID- 174254
TI  - [Causes of recurrence of the so-called mixed tumors of the parotid glands].

PMID- 174253
TI  - [Use of prodigiosan and lysozyme in the complex therapy of acute herpetic
      stomatitis in children].

PMID- 174255
TI  - [Xeroradiographic field control in telecobalt therapy of the cranial and ear-nose
      throat regions].
AB  - The possibility of direct field verification by xeroradiography in Co-60
      teletherapy of the head- and ENT-regions is described. By the effect of
      intensified contours, anatomical details may present themselves sufficiently as
      to make possible an objective verification of the irradiation. The particular
      advantages of this method consist in the simple handling and in the acceleration
      of the therapy preparations as well as in the possibility of documentation of the
      radiotherapeutic treatment. It has to be examined if the xeroradiographical
      procedure can be utilized for direct verification of the fields in other regions
      of the body too.

PMID- 174256
TI  - Detection of H-2 antigens in serum.

PMID- 174257
TI  - Enhanced growth of tumor isografts in rats after skin allografting.
AB  - Full-thickness skin grafts from either BN (Ag-B3) or WF (Ag-B2) rats were
      transplanted to WF recipients of the same sex. Six to seven days after grafting,
      recipients were challenged with isografts of a chemically induced rat colon
      carcinoma, NG-W1. In three of four experiments, mean challenge tumor volumes were
      greater after allografting than after skin isografting. Tumor incidences,
      however, were no different in rats after skin allograft or isograft placement.
      When isografts of a polyoma virus-induced sarcoma, P-W13, were used to challenge
      WF rats after skin grafting, tumor incidence was significantly greater in animals
      which has received allografts, whether or not they also had been immunized to P
      W13 before challenge. Thus, in otherwise untreated inbred rats, grafting of full
      thickness skin from donors differing at a major histocompatibility locus led to
      facilitated growth of solid tumor isografts in animals undergoing allograft
      rejection.

PMID- 174258
TI  - [Effect of ultrasound on MG 2+, Na+, K+-ATPase and K+-acetylphosphatase
      activities of brain subcellular membrane structures].
AB  - Mg2+, Na+, K+-ATPase and K+-acetylphosphatase activities in the brain subcellular
      membrane structures were studied as affected by ultrasound. Effect of ultrasound
      depends both on the conditions of sonication and the initial state of membrane
      fractions. The ATPase activity in the NaI-treated microsomal fraction decreases
      after sonication. The treatment of microsomal myelin, synaptosomal and
      mitochondrial fractions with EDTA solutions (5-10(-5)--2-10(-2) M) causes an
      inhibition in the Mg2+, Na+, K+-ATPase. The ATPase activity of these so-called
      EDTA-fractions increases after a short-term sonication. Activation of the Mg2+,
      Na+, K+-ATPase of EDTA-microsomal fraction with a sonication is accompanied by an
      activation of K+-acetylphosphatase. In contrast to the ATPase activity, the
      acetylphosphatase one is manifested after a longer effect of ultrasound as well.
      The maximum of acetylphosphatase activation with sonication coincides with the
      maximum of Mg2+, Na+, K+-ATPase activation. The content of unmasked SH-groups in
      the studied fractions decreases after sonication. When EDTA-fractions are
      affected by sonication, which is accompanied by an increase in the ATPase
      activity, the number of SH-groups in all the fractions, except for mitochondria,
      increases.

PMID- 174259
TI  - [Effect of ACTH on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase activity
      in mitochondria and hyaloplasm of rabbit liver].
AB  - The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase activities in
      mitochondria and hyaloplasm of the rabbit liver were studied as affected by ACTH
      injected daily in a dose of 10 u/kg of weight for two weeks. It was shown that
      the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was unchanged neither in
      mitochondria nor in hyaloplasm. The transketolase activity in hyaloplasm was not
      changed as well. But in mitochondria it decreases by 47% (by an increase of
      sedoheptulose-7-phosphate S-7-P) simultaneously the ribose-5-phosphate (R-5-P)
      conversion is inhibited by 35%. The ratio of converted R-5-P and formed S-7-P
      became 2:0.68 (instead of theoretical 2:1). Administration of ACTH has no effect
      on the total concentration of acid-soluble ribose-containing compounds in both
      mitochondria and hyaloplasm.

PMID- 174260
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in acute ischemia].
AB  - The article deals with oxidation of different substrates, intensity of glycolytic
      and glycogenolytic processes in mitochondria and homogenates of dog liver with
      its 2-hour exclusion from circulation under conditions of endotracheal ether
      oxygen narcosis. It was established that already 30-60-minute ischemia causes a
      decrease in intensity of succinate, alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation and acceptor
      respiration, inhibiton in the activity of the citrate cycle enzymes; succinate
      dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, isocytrate dehydrogenase. The
      activity of NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenasedehydrogenase and Mg2+-ATPase as
      well as intensity of NADN oxidation in mitochondria increase. After 2-hour
      ischemia the activity of Mg2+-ATPase, cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase lowers. A
      sharply developed glycogenolysis is accompanied by inhibition of phosphorylase
      activity and a two-fold stimulation of the glycolytic reactions. Peculiarities in
      regulation of enzymatic reactions under conditions of ischemia and their role in
      origin of metabolism disturbances in the liver are under discussion.

PMID- 174261
TI  - [Effect of detergents and ultrasound on NAD-glycohydrolase activity in rat liver
      cell nuclei].
AB  - The NAD-glycohydrolase activity of freshly isolated adult rat liver cells nuclei
      was studied as affected by the ionic (dodecyl sulphate and deoxicholate) and non
      ionic (Triton X-100 and digitonin) detergents as well as by ultrasound (15 and 22
      kHz). The obtained data permit the detergents to be divided according to the
      character of their effects on the nuclear NADase activity into "decreasing" and
      "increasing" ones. Dodecyl sulphate and to a less extent deoxicholate are in the
      first group of the detergents. Triton X-100 and much more digitonin are in the
      second one. Sonification of the rat liver cells nuclei (15 and 22 kHz) from 3-10
      s and further induced a decrease in the NADase activity with its subsequent
      complete loss. The treatment of the intact nuclei suspension with DNase leads to
      a 50% decrease in the NADase activity and the treatment of the sonificated nuclei
      suspension-- to a complete loss of the activity. Undet these conditions RNase
      does not affect the NADase activity.

PMID- 174262
TI  - [Determination of riboflavin kinase activity in yeast].
AB  - It is established that the main reason of the riboflavin kinase (RFK, EC
      2.7.1.26) low specific activity in the cell-free extracts of the yeast Pichia
      guillermondii Wickerham ATCC 9058 is the presence of alkaline phosphatase (EC
      3.1.3.1), effectively destructing flaven mononucleotide. By chromatography of the
      cell-free extracts of P. guillermondii on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, CM-Sphadex C-50, CM
      cellulose, Sephadexes G-75 and G-100 RFK and alkaline phosphatase may be
      separated completely. Any of these procedures results in a several times increase
      of the RFK activity as compared with the initial preparation. One failed to
      obtain a similar effect by fractionation of the extracts with amminium sulphate
      and by hydroxylapatite chromatography. A simple method is developed for
      determining the activity of RFK in the cell-free extracts of yeast on the basis
      of negative adsorption of this enzyme on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. A selective
      inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by ions Be2+ and F- yields a less satisfactory
      result. The data are presented on the PFK activity of certain species of
      flavinogenic (Pichia guillermondii, Torulopsis camdida) and non-flavinogenic
      (Pichia ohmeri, Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cervisiae) yeast.

PMID- 174263
TI  - Effect of levodopa on urinary bladder.
AB  - Levodopa therapy enhanced the ability of the bladder to store urine in two
      parkinsonian patients. In vitro canine muscle bath studies with the two major
      metabolites of levodopa, dopamine and norepinephrine, indicate that the effects
      of the drug on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system may play a major role in
      the improvement of urinary symptoms observed with levodopa therapy.

PMID- 174264
TI  - Interaction of ultrasound with neoplastic tissue. II. Systemic effects after
      local sonic irradiation.
AB  - Local sonic irradiation was applied to subcutaneously implanted Furth-Columbia
      rat Wilms' tumor. The weight and the rate of tritiated thymidine uptake were
      measured in host organs distal to the application field. Kidney and spleen
      weights were inhibited by the Wilms' tumor, and sonication of the tumor removed
      all or part of this inhibition. Liver weight was increased after sonication of
      tumor-bearing rats but not in nontumor-bearing rats. This may have been a
      response to tumor-specific substances released into the circulation by sonic
      destruction of tumor tissue. The adrenals enlarged as a response to the stresses
      of both tumor-bearing and of sonication. Animals were implanted on both sides
      with the Wilms' tumor and on without any break in the growth curve while the
      sonicated right tumor was inhibited. These data suggest that the therapeutic
      effect of ultrasound is due solely to local factors and that systemic sequelae of
      some irradiation are unrelated to tumor inhibition.

PMID- 174265
TI  - A new mucolipidosis with psychomotor retardation, corneal clouding, and retinal
      degeneration.
AB  - A man now 22 years of age had slow psychomotor development about 6 months after
      birth and developed intermittent corneal clouding at about 18 months. He
      developed truncal ataxia, hypotonia of the limbs combined with spasticity, and
      active deep reflexes. These have not progressed. His skeleton and facies are
      normal. Between his first and thriteenth year he developed sev ere optic atrophy,
      absence of retinal blood vessels, and an extinguished electroretinogram.
      Biochemical analysis of cultured fibroblasts indicated no lysosomal hydrolase
      deficiency; cellular metachromasia was absent and there was no
      mucopolysaccharidoses. Ultrastructural studies indicated single membrane vacuoles
      containing lamellated membranes and a polymorphous substance in tissue cultured
      cells and conjunctiva.

PMID- 174266
TI  - Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus type 19.
AB  - A new type of epidemic kerotoconjunctivitis, caused by adenovirus type 19, is
      currently present in this country. It can be spread by tonometry, but in this
      report, appeared to be more likely to be spread by finger to eye contact.

PMID- 174267
TI  - [Angiofibroma of the nasopharynx in a young child].

PMID- 174269
TI  - Testing veterinary vaccines.

PMID- 174268
TI  - [Nasal hemorrhage in some benign tumors of the nasal cavity and the accessory
      sinuses].

PMID- 174270
TI  - [Development of a production method of reproducing the Aujeszky's disease virus].

PMID- 174271
TI  - [Anaerobic gastroenterotoxemia in lambs].

PMID- 174272
TI  - [Immunobiological properties of strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus
      multiplying in cell cultures].

PMID- 174273
TI  - [Sensitivity of cells of the transplanted sheep kidney line to foot-and-mouth
      disease virus].

PMID- 174275
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of parainfluenza and infectious rhinotracheitis in
      cattle].

PMID- 174274
TI  - [Anaphylactic reaction in cattle following the administration of the anti-foot
      and-mouth disease vaccine].

PMID- 174276
TI  - [State of the horns in cattle in the normal state and in deformations].

PMID- 174277
TI  - [Study of the symplast-forming activity of terpene and standard strains of
      Aujeszky's disease virus].
AB  - Studied were the cellular changes and, more specifically, the production of
      symplasts as a particular form of manifesting the cytopathic effect of some
      strains of the Aujezsky's virus. Experiments with eight strains of the virus in
      tissue cultures confirmed the concept of a number of authors that in given tissue
      cultures virulent strains show a well pronounced trent toward the formation of
      symplasts containing numerous nuclei, while the latent strains stimulate the
      production of sporadic, rounded giant cells with a few nuclei in the aggregated
      cytoplasm. In the course of the investigations the primary cultures of rabbit
      kidney proved very suitable to demonstrate the presence of Aujeszky's disease and
      differentiate latent and virulent strains because of the cultures exceptional
      receptivity to the Aujeszky virus.

PMID- 174278
TI  - [Porperties of a strain of Herpesvirus suis isolated in cases with various
      epizootologic and clinical courses of the disease].
AB  - A varying epizootologic, clinical and morphologic picture was established in
      studying the course of the disease on six pig-breeding farms. The isolated
      strains showed differences in their virulence, cultural properties and
      physicochemical behaviour. Two of them had lowered virulence, and one showed
      affinity to the respiratory organs which corresponded to the peculiarities and
      course of the disease. It is concluded that the interaction between the virulence
      of the strains and the herd immunity results in the varying epizootologic course
      of the disease.

PMID- 174279
TI  - [Use of the direct immunofluorescence method for determination of the TGE viral
      antigen in swine].
AB  - Followed up were the appearance and accumulation of the transmissive
      gastroenteritis (TGE) virus antigen in infected cells of pig kidney and thyroid.
      Used were specific conjugates, such introduced by the authors and some imported
      from Czechoslovakia. The cell cultures were infected with strains of the TGE
      virus, isolated in Bulgaria or supplied from Czechoslovakia. It was found that
      the Bulgarian strains were the same as those from Czechoslovakia and the United
      States. A viral antigen was found as early as the sixth hour following the
      infection of the cell cultures and it appeared under the form of cytoplasmatic
      yellow-green fluorescence. By the 12th, and up to the 18th hour the number of the
      specifically fluorescing cells as well as the intensity of fluorescence itself
      increased. Highest values in this respect were noticed in the interval between
      the 36th and 48th hour after the cultures had been infected.

PMID- 174280
TI  - [Experience in the complex vaccination of birds against pseudoplague, infectious
      laryngotracheitis and diphtheria pox].
AB  - The immunity was studied as conferred by the simultaneous vaccination against
      Newcastle disease (strain La Sota), infectious laryngotracheitis (strain
      "TsNIIP"), and fowl pox (strain FK), applied at different sites. The vaccine
      against Newcastle disease was diluted at 1 : 10 and was applied nasally through
      instilling one drop in each orifice. When it was mixed with a vaccine against
      infectious laryngotracheitis at a ratio of 1 : 1 it was applied via the cloaca or
      nasally, orally, muscularly or through the ocular sinus. The vaccine against fowl
      pox was applied at the same time at dilution of 1 : 50 through the wing web. The
      effectiveness of the immunity conferred was checked through challenge infection,
      haemagglutination inhibition reactions, and virus-neutralization in chick
      embryos. It is stated that the resulting stress accompanying every vaccination
      was not stronger with the combination used than that in other cases. This was
      also an advantage over the alternative of administering the vaccines alone. The
      immunity against the three diseases, obtained at the simultaneous application of
      the vaccines, did not differ from that resulting from administering the vaccines
      alone. This, XXX indisputably, points to the fact that the method is equally
      useful from an epizootiologic and an economic standpoint.

PMID- 174281
TI  - [Determination of the subtype membership of the epizootic foot-and-mouth disease
      virus by means of the agar gel diffusion test].
AB  - Comparative studies were carried out by means of the agar gel-diffusion technique
      (AGDT) to establish the antigenic identity between the epizootic foot-and-mouth
      disease strain (the Nch/73 representative strain) and the standard viruses of
      type A. The epizootic strain was found to belong to the subtype group A5.
      Discussed is the usefulness of AGDT in determining the antigenic relations
      between the foot-and-mouth disease viruses.

PMID- 174282
TI  - [Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in hens experimentally infected with
      Pasteurella multocida kokoshki].
AB  - Studied were the concentration of blood sugar, the activity of glucose-6
      phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase, and the level of glycogen in
      the liver of P. multocida infected chickens. An abrupt decrease of the liver
      glycogen was found as well as a negligible rise of the blood sugar. The activity
      of glucose-6-phosphatase remained unchanged, and that of glucose-6-dehydrogenase
      was twice as high. It is concluded that the intense exhaustion of liver glycogen
      is in connection with the activation of the pentosephosphate pathway.

PMID- 174283
TI  - [Ultrastructure and morphogenesis of ceroid pigment. II. Late changes of
      lysosomes in Kupffer cells of rat liver after phagocytosis of unsaturated lipids
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Wistar rats were injected intravenously with cod liver oil emulsion. The lipid
      droplets ere phagocytized by Kupffer cells and stored in lysosomes. The
      transformation of these lipid-containing lysosomes into ceroid pigment granules
      was studied electron-microscopically and cytochemically for a period of 12 weeks
      after the injection. The lipid droplets enclosed in lysosomes show an increasing
      and continous condensation from the periphery towards the center due to oxidation
      and polymerization of unsaturated fatty acids. During the first week almost the
      total amount of the stored lipids is transformed into an amorphous, highly
      electron-dense material which disintegrates into cloddy and globular fragments
      during the following time. The fragments are embedded in a fine granular,
      slightly electron-dense matrix showing a marked activity of acid phosphatase. The
      lysosomal structures which contain remnants of condensed oxidized and polymerized
      lipids are the electron-microscopic equivalent of the granules as seen by light
      microscopy. These lipids, which have been changed in their molecular structure,
      cannot be hydrolized by lysosomal enzymes. They remain as an indigestible
      material, as a waste product in lysosomal residual bodies. Both lipofuscin and
      ceroid are lysosomal structures containing oxidized and polymerized lipids. The
      differences between these lipogenous pigments are due to their different formal
      and causal genesis. Lipofuscin develops in parenchymal and muscle cells by
      autophagocytosis and by subsequent oxidation and polymerization of segregated
      membrane lipids. Ceroid is formed in macrophages by heterophagocytosis of
      unsaturated lipid material which is also oxidized and polymerized.

PMID- 174284
TI  - Intraalveolar foam cells associated with lipidosis-like alterations in lung and
      liver of rats treated with tricyclic psychotropic drugs.
AB  - Histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural examinations were performed on
      pulmonary and hepatic tissues of rats after prolonged oral treatment with several
      tricyclic antidepressants and two neuroleptics, which are all of amphiphilic
      character. The antidepressants ipindole, imipramine, clomipramine, 1-chloro
      amitriptyline, and 1-chloro-10,11-dehydro-amitriptyline were found to cause an
      accumulation of intraalveolar foam cells accompanied by the formation of abnormal
      lamellated and crystalloid cytoplasmic inclusions in most pulmonary and hepatic
      cell types. The ultrastructural and histochemical findings in both tissues point
      to generalized, abnormal intracellular storage of polar lipids, i.e. to drug
      induced lipidosis. The foam cells are not regarded as an isolated pulmonary
      alteration but rather as an easily obtainable indication of generalized
      lipidosis, under the present conditions. They are thought to represent alveolar
      macrophages stuffed with non-digestible phospholipids. On the other hand, the
      tricyclic antidepressants noxiptiline and amitriptyline, and the neuroleptics
      chlorpromazine and thioridazine caused neither formation of foam cells nor of any
      lipidosis-like ultrastructural alterations. These negative results are
      tentatively ascribed to a more rapid biotransformation of the amphiphilic drug
      molecules into more hydrophilic metabolites which no longer have a high affinity
      to polar lipids. Two main conclusions can be drawn from the present ovservations:
      (1) Intraalveolar foam cells must not be regarded as a fortuitous alteration but
      rather as a first indication of generalized phospholipidosis, when they are found
      in animals treated with an amphiphilic drug. (2) Closely related compounds of
      amphiphilic character do not necessarily have the same potency to induce a
      phospholipidosis under in vivo conditions.

PMID- 174285
TI  - Myeloid bodies formation in triparanol treated cultured cells.
AB  - Cultured cells (chicken embryo liver cells and rat embryo fibroblasts) were
      treated with triparanol (MER-29) for various lengths of time. Both types of cells
      have developed numerous membranous whorls-myeloid bodies in the cytoplasm.
      Various stages in myeloid bodies development are described. Acid phosphatase
      activity was cytochemically demonstrated within the myeloid bodies, indicating
      their lysosmal nature. This activity appeared only at a late stage of the myeloid
      bodies formation.

PMID- 174286
TI  - Virus-specific RNA and DNA in nuclei of cells infected with fowlpox virus.

PMID- 174287
TI  - The synthesis of sendai virus polypeptides in infected cells.

PMID- 174288
TI  - Effect of the host cell on the maintenance and replication of Epstein-Barr virus.

PMID- 174289
TI  - Biochemical and physiological mechanisms in glucocorticoid hormone induction of
      mouse mammary tumor virus.

PMID- 174290
TI  - Metabolism of galactose in herpes simplex virus-infected cells.

PMID- 174291
TI  - The effects of serum concentration on the level of integration of simian virus
      (SV40) genome and the transformation frequency in SV40-infected Chinese hamster
      cells.

PMID- 174292
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of avian sarcoma viruses. Genetic recombination
      with wild type sarcoma virus and physiological analysis of multiple mutants.

PMID- 174293
TI  - Association of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA with host chromosomal DNA during
      productive infection.

PMID- 174294
TI  - Protease activation mutants of sendai virus. Activation of biological properties
      by specific proteases.

PMID- 174295
TI  - An avian sarcoma virus mutant that is temperature sensitive for virion assembly.

PMID- 174297
TI  - A comparison of the extents of methylation of vesicular stomatitis virus
      messenger RNA.

PMID- 174296
TI  - Failure of globin mRNA to stimulate globin synthesis in cell-free extracts of
      interferon-treated globin-synthesizing mouse erythroleukemic cells.

PMID- 174298
TI  - Expression of endogenous ALV antigens and susceptibility to subgroup E ALV in
      three strains of chickens (endogenous avian C-type virus).

PMID- 174299
TI  - The analysis of retinal isomers by high speed liquid chromatography.

PMID- 174300
TI  - Skeletal maturity of children 6-11 years: racial, geographic area, and
      socioeconomic differentials, United States.

PMID- 174301
TI  - [Inositol containing phospholipids in brain and liver tissue of rats in prolonged
      alcoholic intoxication].
AB  - In brain and liver tissue of rats, treated repeatedly with alcohol, alterations
      in content of total phospholipids and polyphosphoinositols were reproducibly
      different. In the tissues studied content of polyphosphoinositols were distinctly
      decreased. Independent function of phosphoinositols in tissue metabolism as an
      auxiliary energy system in addition to the universal adenylate system is
      considered. These concepts are in agreement with observations on development of
      rough morphological alterations (fatty degeneration) in liver tissue. The fatty
      degeneration developed in the liver tissue in response to deficiency of oxidative
      potential in the organ.

PMID- 174302
TI  - [Study of mechanisms of regulation of disulphide reductase in mouse liver].
AB  - An increase in activity of disulphide reductase system (DRS) in supernatant of
      liver tissue was caused by 3',5'-AMP, ATP, GTP, UTP, Mg2+, Ca2+, EDTA, protamine,
      noradrenaline and F-. The effect was connected with arsenite resistant fraction
      of DRS. After rapid homogenization the effect of noradrenaline disappeared and
      the effects of ATP, GTP, UTP and Ca2+ were distinctly decreased. Treatment with
      adsorbents prevented the effects of 3',5,-AMP, ATP and EDTA and markedly
      decreased the effects of protamine and Mg2+. A protein inhibitor of protein
      kinase prevented completely the activation of DRS with 3',5'-AMP, ATP, GTP, UTP
      and noradrenaline and distinctly decreased the effect of protamine, Mg2+ and Ca2+
      but did not alter the influence of EDTA. Addition of 2',3'-AMP blocked the effect
      of 3',5-AMP, ATP and Mg2+ but did not influence the effect of protamine and EDTA.
      The data obtained suggest that protein kinase participated in activation of DRS
      by most of the regulators.

PMID- 174304
TI  - [A micromethod for determination of the adenylate cyclase activity by
      chromatography on silufol UV-254 plates].
AB  - A method is developed for micro-scale separation of the products of enzymatic
      degradation of ATP (ADP, 5'-AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cytophosphate, adenosine and
      adenine) by one-dimentional thin-layer chromatography on Silufol UV-254 plates.
      The method is applicable for determination of activity of adenylate cyclase and
      of other enzymes involved in metabolism of adenylic derivatives, including the
      diesterase of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.

PMID- 174303
TI  - [Effect of pyridoxine on patterns of lipid metabolism in patients with alimentary
      obesity].
AB  - Studies of patients with alimentary-metabolic obesity, which were treated with
      pyridoxine and were maintained on a reduced diet, revealed a normalizing effect
      of the vitamin on some patterns of lipid metabolism. In patients, treated with
      pyridoxine, body weight, content of total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids,
      glycerids and beta-lipoproteins in blood serum were decreased more distinctly as
      compared with patients, which were only maintained on a reduced diet. In
      hyperlipidaemia the positive effect of pyridoxine was more pronounced than in the
      cases with normal content of lipids in blood.

PMID- 174305
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of unclassified soft tissue tumors].
AB  - The authors have analysed the data obtained in 462 patients with malignant tumors
      of soft tissues, operated upon in this Institute during the period of 1948-1973,
      inclusively. Some features of the clinical picture were revealed that might allow
      the investigators in some cases to suggest the histological type of the tumor,
      referred to as a nonclassified group. Such pinpointing further of the diagnosis
      is of some practical value from the point of view of selecting indications to
      some or other method of treatment in patients with malignant tumors of soft
      tissues.

PMID- 174307
TI  - [Glomus tumors of the stomach].

PMID- 174306
TI  - [Tomizine--a new inhibitor of folate metabolism enzymes possessing an antitumor
      activity].
AB  - In the experiments on enzymic systems functioning in the metabolism of folic acid
      and on transplantable tumors in animals the preparation thomizine (chlorohydrate
      4-methoxy-6-aminopyrimido (4,5-b) (1,4) thiazine) was worked out. Thomizine, as
      well as the known antimetabolite of folic acid-methotrexate, suppresses the
      activity of dihydrofolate reductase, but contrary to it suppresses FAP enzymic
      system, inhibiting aminopterin in the organism. Thomizine differes from
      methotrexate by another spectrum of antitumor effect, selective suppression of
      the tumor tissue growth, compared with the normal in vitro, it does not inhibit
      leucopoiesis, shows less toxicity and insignificant cumulative properties.

PMID- 174308
TI  - [Several properties of the nucleic acide of nuclei and mitochondria from hepatoma
      induced by N-nitroso-N-diethylamine].
AB  - The work was undertaken to estimate quantitatively the functional activity of
      tumor cell genome and possible variations in the relationship between nuclear
      genome and mitochondrial genetic determinants in tumor cell. For this purpose in
      mice C3HA tumors of hepatocellular origin were induced with N-nitroso-N
      diethylamine, tissues of one of which were subjected to successive isologous
      transplantation during the period over 3 years. Normal hepatic tissues were taken
      for the control. As a result of a series of independent experiments (actinomycin
      D spectrophotometric titration, acridine orange binding, template activity,
      nuclear RNA/DNA hybridization) the results were obtained indicating a decrease in
      the amount of active loci in tumor hepatocytes genome. Hybridization data also
      indicate that in the tumor the derepression of chromosomal genes responsible for
      the genetic control over mitochondria and a non-regulated de-repression of
      mitochondrial genetic determinants take place.

PMID- 174309
TI  - [The work capacity and working arrangements of patients following stomach
      resection for cancer].
AB  - In 282 patients, subjected to gastric resection for cancer, the working capacity
      was examined according to the data of the Medical Expertise within different
      terms after surgery. It was found that most of patients in primary examination
      were acknowledged as disabled workers of the first and second group (70.1%). A
      dynamic follow-up of patients in late postoperative periods revealed a tendency
      toward an improvement of their working capacity in a group of patients previously
      considered as totally disabled. However, in terms over 5 years following the
      operation more than half of patients proved to be disabled. A comparative
      estimation of the working capacity in these patients according to the Medical
      Expertise and personal authors' data has revealed a discrepancy between the group
      of disability and the work accomplished, i.e. a considerable number of patients,
      considered as group II, resumed their former activities (as prior to surgery) or
      did easier jobs. This discrepancy seems, to a certain extent, to be the result of
      underestimation of the patients' state by the Medical Expertise Commission and
      overrating the group of disability in them.

PMID- 174311
TI  - [LDH isoenzymes in homogenates of cancerous tumors and polyps of the rectum and
      large intestine].

PMID- 174310
TI  - [Estrogen receptors in human and animal mammary gland tumors].

PMID- 174312
TI  - [Differences in the buoyant density of mitochondria from hepatoma, Krebs ascitic
      tumor II and normal liver].
AB  - Mitochondria isolated from normal liver, experimental hepatoma, and Krebs II
      ascites tumor tissues in mice were examined by isopycnic centrifugation in a
      sucrose density gradient (25--50%). Normal liver mitochondria were shown to be
      characterized by two visible zones, while those of tumors were distributed
      homogeneously. Such a distribution pattern was also confirmed by the
      investigation of marker enzyme activities (glucose-6-phosphatase and
      cytochromoxidase). A comparison of homologous tissues (hepatoma--liver) has
      evidenced that hepatoma mitochondria are "lighter" even than the "light" fraction
      of normal ones, that seems to evidence the disturbances in the biogenesis of
      these organelles. The results obtained are in a good agreement with the data
      reported by S. A. Neifakh on alterations in the structure of tumor mitochondrial
      membranes.

PMID- 174313
TI  - [The damaging effect of the sodium salt of nystatin on ascitic tumor cells].
AB  - The experiments in vitro have demonstrated that an application of 0.1 mg/ml of
      nistatine into ascitic cells suspension would result in swelling of cells and 80%
      loss of intracellular potassium, associated with a considerable reduction of
      Na+K+-ATP-ase activity, the intensity of respiration and glycosis being changed
      but insignificantly. Thus, the influence of a polyene antibiotic - nistatine on
      the water-salt balance of ascitic cells under study is likely to be somewhat
      related with inhibition of NA+K+-dependent ATP-ase.

PMID- 174314
TI  - [Inhibition of the growth of spontaneous mammary gland tumors in mice by
      acetylated corticotropin].
AB  - As a result of chronic administration of acetylated corticotropin (anahormone), a
      decrease in the incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors in C3H/He mice has been
      noted. An administration of anahormone after a surgical removal of tumor either
      pre-or postoperatively) prolonged the free period in the development of
      recurrences and improved the survival rate of operated mice. It is presumed that
      inhibition of the tumor process by an anahormone is related with its suppressive
      action on the adrenal function and activity of the ovarian-gonadotropin system.

PMID- 174315
TI  - [A change in the relative concentration of individual fractions of low molecular
      weight nuclear RNA in tumor tissues].
AB  - Low molecular weight nuclear RNAs (LMWN RNAs) of normal and neoplastic tissues:
      the rat liver and Zajdela hepatoma, mouse spleen and NK/Ly ascites tumor, as well
      as the cultures of normal chick embryo fibroblasts and of those transformed with
      Rous sarcoma virus were studied by electrophoresis in 8% and 15% polyacrylamide
      gels. As a result of the study no qualitative differences, i.e. differences in
      the number of LMWN RNA main fractions and their electrophoretic mobility were
      found. But there were revealed quantitative variations in the relative amount of
      definite fractions of these RNAs. An increase of the U3 RNA content in ascites
      tumors may be connected with an enhancement of the ribosomal RNA synthesis.
      Variations in the content of low molecular weight RNAs in oncogenic virus
      transformed cells may reflect an excessive synthesis of low molecular weight
      viral RNAs during the process of virus reproduction. The quantitative alterations
      observed seem to be of special value since LMWN RNAs are likely to perform
      regulatory functions.

PMID- 174316
TI  - [Hypocholesteremic action of trepang (Stichopus japonicus) lipids].
AB  - The hypocholesteremic effect displated by the Japan Sea trepang is shown. The
      experiments were carried out on rabbits with hypocholesteremia caused by fasting.
      Total cholesterol, beta-lipoproteids, lipoid phosphorus, total phospholipids and
      the cholesterol/phospholipids ratio were determined in the blood of
      hypercholesteremic animals. The introduction of total trepang lipids to the
      hypercholesteremic fasting rabbits resulted in normalization of the lipids
      metabolism, this being indicative of the favourable effect produced by such
      lipids.

PMID- 174317
TI  - [Redox state of the hepatic cells in rats kept on a diet containing 1,2
      propanediol].
AB  - A comparative characterization of the redox condition and phosphate potential of
      the hepatic cells in rats kept on two experimental diets (low- and high
      carbohydrate) is given. Intensification of the glucogenesis in the liver of rats
      kept on a low-carbohydrate diet is determined by lower values of the ratios
      /NAD+/: (NADH/ and /ATP/:/ADP/P1, the cells acquiring more marked reducting
      properties. Incorporation of 1,2-propanediol, as a source of metabolized energy,
      in the composition of the low-carbohydrate diet (20 per cent of the fat content)
      produces a rise in the level of glycogen and a fall of the liver lipids. The
      reducing capacity of the cytoplasma diminishes, this being borne out by the ratio
      of /NAD+/:/NADH/. An increase of the phosphate potential and of the ratio
      /NAD+/:/NADH/ is in these conditions similar to the one observed with a greater
      amount of carbohydrates in the diet. The phosphoenol-pyruvate-carboxykinase
      activity and concentration of malate in the liver diminish with rising
      concentration of oxaloacetate. When superimposed upon a high-carbohydrate diet
      1,2-propanediol causes an increase of the /NAD+/:/NADH/ and /ATP/:P1/ ratios with
      the lipids content in the liver mounting too. The significance of shifts in the
      redox state and of the phosphate potential in regulating the 1,2-propanediol
      metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 174318
TI  - [The effect of egg white on the phospholipid level in blood plasma, erythrocytes
      and beta-lipoproteins of healthy children].
AB  - A single taking by children of eggs' white in an amount of 2 g/kg of the body
      weight resulted in that the blood plasma experienced a decline in the relative
      content of phosphatidylserine, lecithin and a rise in the level of
      phosphatidylethanolamine. In the membranes of erythrocytes there occurred a rise
      in the proportion of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and a fall of
      the share of lecithin and sphyngomyelin. In the composition of beta-lipoproteins
      the level of phosphatidylethanolamine was up with a marked drop of
      phosphatidylserine. Variations in the content of sphyngomyelin and lecithin
      showed no characteristic features.

PMID- 174319
TI  - A method of isolating enteroviruses from meat.
AB  - A method of isolating the virus ECHO II in specimens of stewed beef and cutlets
      is assessed. The procedure involves obtaining extracts of the meat with the
      saline (in ratios of 1:2 and 1:4) in combination with processing with freon 113.
      This method failed to detect in the meat samples analyzed 20-30 CPD50 of the
      virus in 1 g. Experiments demonstrated that eluation of the poliovirus from the
      meat into an aqueous saline depended on the proportion of meat and the eluating
      solution. It was shown that the optimal extraction of the poliovirus from meat
      into the solution was seen to occur with the proportions of meat and the eluating
      solution of 1:8-1:9.

PMID- 174320
TI  - [Clinical and morphological manifestations of aging in the peripheral nervous
      system].

PMID- 174321
TI  - [Analysis of cultures infected by vaccinal strains of viruses for detecting in
      them the integrated genome of these viruses (author's transl)].
AB  - White mice of 10-12 g were immunized with one of the three virus vaccines
      (vaccines against poliomyelitis, measles, smallpox) at various intervals.
      Poliovirus type II and measles virus, Edmonston strain, were labeled in tissue
      culture with 3H-uridine (30/uCi/ml). Smallpox virus (rabbit strain) was labeled
      with 3H-thymidine (30/uCi per ml) also in tissue culture. After purification and
      concentration of labeled poliomyelitis and measles viruses, viral RNA was
      isolated by double extraction with phenol, and precipitation with alcohol to
      which a yeast RNA-carrier was added. Isolation of 3H-thymidine-labeled viral RNA
      from smallpox virus was carried out by the same method with the addition of SDS
      to the final concentration of 1%. From the brain and lung cells of the vaccinated
      animals DNA was extracted by the kinetic reassociation method and hybridized with
      labeled viral nucleic acids. The formation of a hybrid with DNA-containing
      vaccine virus was controlled by chromatography in hydroxylapatite. No integration
      of viral and cell nucleic acids was demonstrated in our experiments, however, it
      cannot be ruled out completely, because this method does not detect homologous
      sequences if they occur in a small number of cells tested.

PMID- 174322
TI  - [Some physicochemical properties of the dysenteric therapeutic--prophylactic
      Newcastle phages H-17 and H-18 (Author's transl)].
AB  - Some physico-chemical properties of dysentery therapeutic-prophylactic Newcastle
      phages H-17 and H-18 were studied. Both phages were shown to be resistant to
      sodium dodecyl sulphate at room temperature. Phage H-17 at room temperature was
      completely inactivated and phage H-18 inactivated by 40% by 1 M sodium
      hydrochloride. Phage H-18 was completely inactivated by 4 M sodium hydrochloride.
      Morphology and sizes of the phages are described. The buoyant density of phage H
      17 was found to be 1.497 g/cm3,  and of phage H-18 1.504 g/cm3. DNA of both
      phages were identified as double-stranded on the basis of the pattern of melting
      curve, of interaction with formaldehyde and absorption spectrum in solutions with
      various ionic strengths. The melting point of DNA of phage H-17 is 83.63 degrees
      C, phage H-18 89.67 degrees.

PMID- 174323
TI  - [Study of the organotropic and oncotropic properties of human type 16 adenovirus
      in the body of Syrian hamsters and mice (author's transl)].
AB  - Human adenovirus type 16 was studied in Syrian hamsters bearing SV40 virus
      induced transplantable tumour and in mice of Black line with Lewis cancer.
      Despite its tropism to the tumour tissue, the virus injected into the blood
      stream was first accumulated in the lung tissue and in organs of the 
      reticuloendothelial system (the spleen and liver). When the tumour was in the
      lung tissue of mice, the virus content in it was much higher than in a similar
      tumour of subcutaneous localization.

PMID- 174324
TI  - [Cryomethod of concentrating interferon (author's transl)].
AB  - The fact of non-simultaneous thawing of protein and water was used for
      concentration of interferon from pre-frozen preparations. As thawing proceeded, 5
      sequential fractions equal in a volume were removed from preparations of human
      leucocyte, mouse macrophage and tissue chick interferons; the titers of their
      antiveral activity in the first fraction were 4--8-fold higher than the initial
      titer, and this activity decreased gradually to a titer which was 2-fold lower
      than the initial in the fifth fraction. The total amount of interferon units in
      all the fractions was 1.8--3.8-fold higher than in the initial preparation taken
      in a volume corresponding to the total volume of all the fractions. As addition
      of the Vth fraction to the Ist fraction reduced the titer of interferon in it to
      the initial level, it is suggested that in interferon preparations there is an
      inhibitor of its effect, "anti-interferon".

PMID- 174325
TI  - [Study of organ cultures of human embryonic intestines infected with the human
      cytomegalovirus and the Japanese encephalitis virus].
AB  - Reproduction of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JE)
      was studied in organ cultures of human embryo intestine under conditions of mono-
      and combined infection. The titer of JE virus in monoinfection reached its
      maximum level (10(7) TCD50/ml) whereas the titer of CMV did not exceed 10(2)
      TCD50/ml. In combined infection the titer of CMV increased to 10(5.5) TCD50/ml
      and the titer of JE virus remained at the same level (10(7) TCD50/ml). The
      results obtained in light and scanning electron microscopy studies indicate that
      in monoinfection CMV causes considerably earlier and more profound degenerative
      changes in mesanchymal elements of embryonal intestinal tissues than does JE
      virus. At the same time the combined infection of organ cultures with these
      viruses is not cytocidal.

PMID- 174326
TI  - [Human rhinoviruses circulating in Moscow (author's transl)].
AB  - In the period of 1971--1973 in Moscow, 85 strains of rhinoviruses (types IB, 14,
      20, 27, 33, 48, 56, 60 and 69) were isolated from patients with respiratory
      diseases. In March-May 1971 in one administrative district of Moscow, from
      ambulatory patients with ARD rhinoviruses of types 48 (24 strains) and 27 (8
      strains) were predominantly isolated. An outbreak of diseases due to these two
      types appeared to have occurred. From children rhinoviruses were isolated not
      only from nasopharyngeal washings. From 3 children they were isolated from the
      lower respiratory tract (from the blood collected before his death due to
      staphylococcal sepsis. Surveys for virus-neutralizing antibody to 17 rhinovirus
      serotypes in 10 lots of gamma globulin prepared in different towns of the Soviet
      Union revealed wide spread of rhinovirus types IB, 13, 18, 31 and 32 limited
      spread of types 17 and 42 and moderate spread of types 2, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 22,
      24, 48 and 53.

PMID- 174327
TI  - [Cytological characteristics of a bovine kidney cell culture chronically infected
      with foot-and-mouth disease virus (author's transl)].
AB  - A virus-carrier state was observed in the process of subcultivation of foot-and
      mouth disease virus-infected calf kidney cell culture. Cytologically, the
      chronically infected culture differed from the control culture by the presence of
      a large number of syncytial cells which did not die in acute infection because of
      poor susceptibility to the virus. Chronic infection appeared to be maintained by
      occasionaly polygonal cells which retained the initial sesceptiblity to foot-and
      mouth disease virus. The number of such cells did not exceed 1--4% and by the 9th
      passage they disappeared completely. At this time the experimental culture did
      not differ from control cytologically and cytochemically.

PMID- 174328
TI  - [Study of the inhibiting action of fluorinated thymidine analogs on herpes virus
      reproduction (author's transl)].

PMID- 174329
TI  - [Diagnosis of adenovirus infection in man using Fitz-immunoglobulins to whole
      virion and to the purified hexone component (author's transl)].

PMID- 174331
TI  - [Hemihypertrophy].
AB  - Together with a casuistic description of a hemihypertrophy partialis cruciata
      vera congenita of a 20-year-old male patient a survey of literature is given
      concerning the problem of the hemihypertrophy.

PMID- 174330
TI  - Recent studies with EB virus.

PMID- 174332
TI  - [Congenital, acquired and iatrogenic stenoses of the lumbosacral spinal canal and
      neurogenic intermittent claudication].

PMID- 174333
TI  - [Electron microscopy of malignant synovialoma].

PMID- 174334
TI  - [Monoaminergic inhibitory synapses in the central pathways for the regulation of
      movements].

PMID- 174335
TI  - [Somatosensory pathways transmitting nociceptive information].

PMID- 174337
TI  - [Dynamics of excitability of the thalamo-cortical non-specific system in the
      recruitment cycle].

PMID- 174336
TI  - [Personal experience with patients in climacteric and post-climacteric].

PMID- 174338
TI  - [Several properties of the recruiting response].

PMID- 174339
TI  - [Testing the spontaneous impulse activity of an impulse evoked by the synaptic
      route].

PMID- 174340
TI  - [Comparative light and electron microscopic study on liver cell inclusions in
      chronic alcoholic liver damage (author's transl)].
AB  - Liver cell inclusions in chronic alcoholic liver damage observed by means of the
      ligth microscope proved by correlated electron microscopy to be bile depositions,
      autophagic vacuoles, megamitochondria, alcoholic hyalin or accumulation of
      ribosomes. These liver cell inclusions are usually identifiable at the light
      microscopical level. The bile depositions undergo a lysosomal degradation.
      Thereby, they are converted into a pale brownish pigment and lose the property of
      reacting with histochemical bile tests. Owing to this brownish pigmentation bile
      depositions are distinguishable from the other mentioned liver cell inclusions
      under the light microscope. Autophagic vacuoles appear as eosinophilic inclusions
      and are PAS positive before as well as after the diastase treatment. On the
      contrary to these, the likewise eosinophilic megamitochondria are PAS negative,
      in the same way as alcoholic hyaline. With the procedure according to Goldner
      megamitochondria mostly strain red, whereas alcoholic hyalin lacks this property.
      Moreover, alcoholic hyalin is usually distinguishable from megamitochondria by
      its shape. Accumulations of ribosomes represent basophilic cytoplasm areas in
      light microscopy and are frequently located in he pericanalicular regions of
      liver epithelium.

PMID- 174341
TI  - [Immunological after-care in kidney transplantation].

PMID- 174342
TI  - Failure of quantitative precipitation of beta-lipoproteins from bovine serum by
      heparin and calcium chloride.

PMID- 174343
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the neurohypophysis in the lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis L].
AB  - Three distinct zones are observed in the neurohypophysis (Nh) of adult lampreys:
      ependymal (tanycyte), fiber and neurovascular. The ependymal zone consists of a
      single layer of tanycyte perikarya. Their basal processes pass via the fiber zone
      and form vascular "endfeet" on the connective tissue layer, separating Nh and the
      meta-adenohypophysis. Few funnel-shaped protrusions of the recessus infundibuli
      lined with tanycytes penetrates deeply in Nh. Pituicytes are rare. Peptidergic A1
      and A2 fibers and their terminals contain granules of 1600-3400 and 1200-2200 A
      in diameter respectively. Monoaminergic B type fibers have granules of 800-1000 A
      in diameter. Percentage of the A1 fibers is the lowest. Nerve terminals and
      tanycyte vascular "endfeet" make contact with the unusually thick (up to 3000 A)
      outer basement membrane. The latter is about 1 mu thick in sites where in
      invaginates deeply in Nh. Single short fragments of the inner basement membrane
      are seen. Sometimes peptidergic A1 and A2 nerve terminals are separated from the
      third ventricle or its protrusions only by a thin layer of tanycyte cytoplasm.
      Peptide neurohormones are probably released in the cerebro-spinal fluid in these
      sites. The possibility of peptide neurohormone and monoamine be discharged into
      the common circulation and their diffusion through the the connective tissue
      layer into the meta-adenohypophysis is discussed.

PMID- 174344
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the ultrastructure of the causative agents of
      glanders and melioidosis].
AB  - The authors examined the ultrastructure of the causative agents of glanders and
      melio idosis. It was revealed that the structure of their cell wall and of the
      cytoplasmic membrane was characteristic of Gram negative bacteria. The cytoplasm
      of both types of the causative agents showed the presence of ribosomes, membrane
      structure, nucleoid, and also osmiophilic and osmiophobic inclusions.

PMID- 174345
TI  - [The pathogenesis of the convulsion syndrome in children].
AB  - The report contains some results of clinical, biochemical and EEG studies
      convened in 24 children with convulsive attacks and in 34 children with organic
      lesions of the CNS and epileptiform syndromes. The authors point out to the
      important role of the diencephalic area in the pathogenesis of convulsive
      syndromes. Changes in the glucocortical functions of the adrenal system during
      the period of convulsive attacks are related to a disturbed regulation in the
      hypothalamo-hypophysar structure. The processes of readaptation are more
      disturbed in patients with organic lesions of the CNS in frequent attacks. The
      results of such studies speak of certain indications to hormone therapy in
      repeated convulsions in children, especially if the convulsions have an
      epileptiform character and occur in patients with organic lesions of the CNS.

PMID- 174346
TI  - [Disruption of motor habits in tumors of the premotor zone of the frontal lobe].
AB  - The report is concerned with the character of disordered complex automated
      movements in a group of patients with frontal lobe tumors. These disorders were
      studied with the aid of a neuropsychological technique elaborated by prof. Luria.
      A crude disautomation of voluntary movements appeared in cases of tumors of the
      supra-convexital area of the premotor zone. In lesions of the deep area of
      posterior frontal area with an involvement into the process of the subcortical
      structures an inertness in the motor sphere was registered.

PMID- 174347
TI  - [An x-ray and histologic study of calcifications of tumors of the subcortical
      ganglia of the brain].
AB  - X-ray and histological studies of 138 patients with tumors of subcortical nodes
      displayed signs of hypertension in 86.3% of the cases (119 cases). Calcified foci
      on the craniograms were found in 29 cases (21%) and in histological findings - in
      48 cases (34.6%). Petrified foci in benign glial tumors were located between the
      tumor cells, perivascularly and in the tissue of the perifocal zone of the tumor.
      In malignant tumors the petrified foci were mainly in the area of necrosis, in
      microcysts and hemmorrhagical foci. According to the pattern of calcification on
      the x-ray it was impossible to determine the histological type of the tumor or
      the degree of malignancy. The volume of calcification on the craniograms do not
      correspond to the volume and configuration of the intracranial tumor.

PMID- 174348
TI  - [Nervous system lesions in juvenile angiofibromas of the base of the skull with
      intracranial spread].
AB  - The authors examined the nervous system in 12 patients with intracranial
      dissemination of an adolescent angiofibroma of the brain basis. It was possible
      to depict signs of a lesion of some cranial nerves and the brain stem as well as
      x-ray confirmation of a bone destruction in the brain basis. The found changes
      were connected with the direct influence of the angiofibroma on the above
      mentioned structures.

PMID- 174349
TI  - [Irregularities in the lipid composition of muscle tissue in Duchenne's
      myodystrophy].
AB  - A study is made of the phospholipid content, glycerides and cholesterine in the
      muscular tissue of 20 patients with Duchene's myodystrophy. It was established
      that there is an increase in the relative content of sphingomyelin and a drop in
      phosphatidilcholine. The study shows an increase of glycerides and cholesterine
      per gm, of raw weight and in the content of the noncollagen protein.

PMID- 174350
TI  - [Antimycin A-resistant oxygen consumption in rabbit reticulocytes].
AB  - In rabbit reticulocytes there exists an Antimycin A-resistent oxygen consumption.
      It amounts to about 20% of the total oxygen consumption, independently of the
      degree of maturation of the cells and of the presence of external substrates. The
      main substrate of the Antimycin A-resistent oxygen consumption is glucose, which
      is metabolized by the pentose phosphate pathway. NADP-dependent substrates
      provide more CO2 in the presence of Antimycin A. The 14CO2-formation from
      metabolites of the citric acid cycle and of metabolites directly connected with
      this cycle is decreased in the presence of Antimycin A, whereas no 14CO2 is
      formed from long-chain fatty acids. A H2O2-formation by a NADPH-oxygenase is
      postulated. The mitochondria contribute reducing equivalents to the cytosolic
      oxygen consumption. The postulated interactions include hydrogen transfer and the
      malate-shuttle.

PMID- 174351
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the nerve. D. Therapeutic results and their evaluation].

PMID- 174352
TI  - [Nontraumatic lesions of the nerve. B. Infections, metabolic, toxic, and vascular
      lesions].

PMID- 174353
TI  - [Nontraumatic lesions of the nerve. D. Pseudotumors].

PMID- 174354
TI  - [Treatment of painful sequelae of peripheral nerve lesions].

PMID- 174355
TI  - [Surgical pathology of the peripheral nerve. Clinical aspects and diagnostic
      methods. Clinicopathologic considerations].

PMID- 174356
TI  - [Surgical pathology of the peripheral nerve. Clinical aspects and diagnostic
      methods. B. Diagnostic methods].

PMID- 174357
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the nerve. B. Treatment of lesions].

PMID- 174358
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the nerve. C. Complementary therapeutic possibilities].

PMID- 174359
TI  - The function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes after surgical trauma.
AB  - The effect of surgical trauma on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was
      studied by measuring the hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMS) activity and
      myeloperoxidase mediated iodination during phagocytosis. Patients submitted to
      elective general surgery showed normal iodination capacity and normal HMS
      activity in their PMN cells postoperatively. This implies that postoperative
      infectious complications are not caused or promoted by defective PMN cell
      function. Iodination was found significantly (p less than 0.05) impaired in
      phagocytosing PMN cells from burned patients whereas it was found normal in
      traumatic and septic conditions. No direct relation between extent of injury and
      degree of leukocyte impairment was found. HMS activity remained normal in burned
      patients suggesting that the impaired iodination might depend on a defective
      mobilization of lysosomal enzymes.

PMID- 174360
TI  - Differences in action of LH and FSH on the formation of cyclic AMP in the
      prepubertal rat ovary.
AB  - The actions of LH (NIH-LH-B8) and FSH (NIH-FSH-S9) on the cyclic AMP (cAMP)
      system in ovaries of 23-24 day old rats have been analyzed. An intravenous
      injection of LH increased ovarian cAMP levels in vivo after only 20 seconds.
      Maximal cAMP levels were seen after 15 min. Addition of LH or FSH in vitro to the
      isolated ovaries produced dose dependent increases of cAMP in the tissue as well
      as in the incubation medium. Low concentrations of LH caused a release of cAMP
      into the incubation medium without any detectable change in the tissue levels.
      The levels of cAMP in the incubation media for all concentrations of FSH were
      lower than the tissue levels, whereas for LH the opposite was found. In time
      course experiments where the concentrations of LH (10 mug/ml) and FSH (100
      mug/ml) were chosen to give similar tissue levels of cAMP, the release of the
      cyclic nucleotide into the incubation medium was approximately 2-3 times greater
      for LH than for FSH at the time periods studied (5-240 min). When LH and FSH were
      tested together in high concentrations, their effects were additive. When the
      ovaries were first incubated with FSH for 120 min followed by an incubation with
      LH, the stimulatory effect of LH was considerably reduced. When the order of the
      incubations was reversed, however, LH did not change the response to FSH. The
      results show that both LH and FSH have intrinsic effects on the cAMP system in
      the prepubertal rat ovary, but that the effects of the two gonadotrophins are not
      identical.

PMID- 174361
TI  - A histochemical approach to the study of human chorionic gonadotrophin receptors
      in the rat testis.
AB  - Standard suspensions of interstitial cells in PBS were exposed to the action of
      various fixatives, solvents (clearing agents), temperatures and U. V. light, in
      order to establish the effects of such chemical and physical agents on the HCG
      receptors. After exposure to the various agents, the interstitial cells were
      incubated with [125I]HCG for 2 h at 37 degrees C. To check the specificity of the
      reaction, competitive tests were performed with added excess non-iodinated HCG.
      Only formaldehyde fixation for short periods of time, preserved satisfactorily
      the specific binding activity of the receptors. A different degree of
      thermolability of the receptors was demonstrated, in relation to 37, 45, 54 and
      60 degrees C, while freezing in liquid nitrogen had no effect on the receptors
      binding activity. After the binding reaction, solvents had a significant
      solubilizing effect on the HCG-receptor complexes. U. V. light had no significant
      damaging effect on the receptors. The application of the results for a
      histochemical approach to the study of the HCG receptors is discussed.

PMID- 174362
TI  - Suppressive effect of L-dopa on human prolactin release during sleep.
AB  - Immunoreactive plasma human prolactin (HPr) and human growth hormone (HGH)
      concentrations were measured in six normal young men with polygraphic sleep
      monitoring during normal sleep and during sleep in which l-dihydroxyphenylalanine
      (l-DOPA) was infused intravenously at a rate of 0.8 to 1.0 mg/min. The
      intravenous infusion of l-DOPA significantly suppressed the episodic release of
      HPr during sleep and the occurrence of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However,
      HGH release during sleep was not remarkably influenced by l-DOPA. These results
      suggest that central catecholaminergic neural mechanisms are related to both
      sleep-related HPr release and REM sleep, but do not play an important role in
      sleep-related HGH release.

PMID- 174363
TI  - Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular system and adrenocortical function.
AB  - Effect of intramuscular administration of ACTH or dexamethasone on blood serum
      levels of testosterone, LH and FSH was examined in intact and castrated, adult,
      male rats. Six IU ACTH or 1 mg dexamethasone were given daily for 7 days.
      Corticotrophin treatment had no influence on circulating testosterone, LH and FSH
      in intact or castrated male rats. Dexamethasone administration resulted in a
      slight elevation of serum FSH in intact animals but not in castrates. LH and
      testosterone remained normal in both intact and castrated animals injected with
      dexamethasone. Under our conditions of study the secretions from the adrenal
      gland appear to be insignificant for the regulation of pituitary secretion of
      gonadotrophins in the male rat.

PMID- 174364
TI  - A simple competitive protein-binding assay for adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate in
      plasma and urine.
AB  - A modified competitive protein-binding assay for the measurement of adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate is described. The procedure allows measurement of adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate in unextracted plasma samples. The mean plasma values in 25
      normal, fasting and ambulatory subjects were 22.7 +/- 4.7 pmol/ml (mean +/- SD)
      (range 13-31 pmol/ml. The mean urinary content was 3.2 +/- 1.0 mumol per g
      creatinine (mean +/- SD) (n=24).

PMID- 174365
TI  - Action of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate on L-14C-leucine incorporation in
      a system of rough microsomes from bovine thyroid gland.
AB  - The effect of cAMP and varying concentrations of potassium (18-72 mM) on the
      incorporation of L-14C-leucine into TCA-precipitable protein was studied in a
      cell-free system comprising rough thyroid microsomes. cAMP (2mM) alone or in
      combination with theopylline increased the incorporation of leucine into ribosome
      bound (after DOC treatment) and extra-vesicular material, but had no significant
      effect on the DOC-released intravesicular material. Increase of the K+
      concentration from 18 mM to 72 mM affected the incorporation of leucine into the
      microsomal compartments in much the same way as cAMP did. The effect of cAMP and
      potassium seems to be due in partly to enhanced activation of amino acids, since
      in a system of pH5 fraction and cell sap, both cAMP and K+ increased the
      incorporation of 14C-leucine into cold TCA-precipitable material. Experiments
      with 14C-leucyl-tRNA as a marker suggest that the effect of cAMP and K+ is a
      consequence not only of increased activation of amino acids, but also of
      increased binding of activated amino acyl-tRNA to ribosomes.

PMID- 174366
TI  - The stimulation of growth hormone release by ACTH and its inhibition by
      somatostatin.
AB  - The rapid injection of 0.5 or 1.0 mg of tetracosacitid (Synacthen?) was followed
      by a distinct increase of plasma growth hormone (GH) within 30 or 45 min in 5 of
      7 normal volunteers. A second control test was performed in 3 of the 5
      "responders" and 1 "non-responder" and showed a consistent reaction in all of
      them. The tests were then repeated in the 5 "responders" during an infusion of
      somatostatin (150 mug/h) and the GH response was totally abolished (3 subjects)
      or markedly reduced (2 subjects). Thus the ACTH induced GH release behaves in a
      manner similar to most other physiological or pharmacological stimuli of GH
      release. The cortisol output after ACTH was not altered by somatostatin.

PMID- 174367
TI  - The effect of ACTH on plasma testosterone and androstenedione concentrations in
      patients with prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - The effect of Synacthen (beta1-24-corticotrophin) on plasma testosterone and 4
      androstene-3, 17-dione concentrations in untreated patients with prostatic
      carcinoma, and in patients receiving endocrine therapy is described. An
      established specific radioimmunoassay was used for the measurement of
      testosterone, and a radioimmunoassay for 3-androstene-3,17-dione using thin layer
      chromatography has been developed. Administration of Synacthen resulted in a fall
      in testosterone in untreated patients, but a rise in 4-androstene-3,17-dione was
      observed. The plasma concentration of testosterone in all treated patients
      increased after administration of Synacthen. An increased concentration of plasma
      4-androstene-3,17-dione was also observed in these treated patients after
      Synacthen, but the magnitude of the response was not significantly different from
      that of untreated patients. The work provides further evidence that in the
      patient being treated with oestrogen for carcinoma of the prostate a rise in
      plasma testosterone concentration will result from an increased secretion of
      ACTH.

PMID- 174368
TI  - Determination of plasma aldosterone in children by thin layer chromatography and
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - An accurate and relatively simple radioimmunoassay for the determination of
      aldosterone concentration in peripheral plasma has been developed, 0.5-2.0 ml
      plasma with added [1,2-3H]aldosterone is extracted with dichloromethane.
      Purification of the extract is achieved by thin later chromatography in the
      system benzene-acetone 1:1. Recovery of [1,2-3H] aldosterone is 58 +/- 6 (SD)%.
      Bound and free fractions are separated by dextran-coated charcoal. The intra
      assay reproducibility is 8.8% and the inter-assay reproducibility varies from
      11.4-16.1%. The sensitivity of the assay for a 5 ml plasma sample can be put at
      0.2 ng/100 ml. Normal values determined in 52 healthy children of different age
      groups are presented. Furthermore the aldosterone stimulating effect of low
      sodium diet (17 children), severe and prolonged vomiting (19 children) and
      synthetic ACTH (10 children) has been studied by our modified method.

PMID- 174369
TI  - Hepatitis B antigen in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - Postmortem diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was made over a one-year period in 43
      cases, 18 of which also exhibited hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood samples taken
      from these and 120 other patients who died from other diseases were tested for
      hepatitis-B antigen (HB-Ag) and its antibodies (HB-AB) by counter
      electrophoresis. The types of cirrhosis found were classified on the basis of
      morphological characteristics and available etiological data. The greater part of
      controls had had cardiovascular diseases and 32 had had non-hepatic carcinoma.
      Age limits were similar in the cirrhotic and control groups. HB-Ag was detected
      in 5 of the 25 subjects with macronodular cirrhosis and in one alcoholic patient
      among 18 subjects with other types of cirrhosis. The possibility of a
      coincidental HB virus infection existed in the alcoholic case and in one case of
      macronodular cirrhosis. Only one patient with liver carcinoma had HB-Ag. Among
      the 120 controls, HB-Ag and HB-AB were found in a one case. Microscopic lesions
      did not seem to be related specifically to the presence of HB-Ag in the cirrhotic
      livers.

PMID- 174370
TI  - Hepatic prolyl hydroxylase activity in experimental cirrhosis.
AB  - Hepatic collagen synthesis was studied during progressive fibrosis induced by
      carbon tetrachloride in male Sprague-Dawley rats by determination of prolyl
      hydroxylase activity and hydrocyproline levels along with morphological
      assessment of fibrosis. Cirrhosis was present after approximately 4 weeks
      treatment. Prolyl hydroxylase activity was increased significantly before
      fibrosis was apparent histologically or by hydroxyproline levels. The
      significance of this finding is discussed.

PMID- 174371
TI  - Histochemical distribution of acid mucopolysaccharides in the cartilage of the
      selachians.
AB  - From an analysis of the histochemical data obtained in studies on the cartilage
      of the various pieces of the skeleton of Torpedo ocellata and Scylliorhinus
      canicula, it has been possible to deduce that the matrix contains a considerable
      quantity of nonsulfated acid mucopolysaccharides, chiefly relatable to the
      hyaluronic acid, and sulfated mucopolysaccharides relatable to the
      chondroitinsulfates A and C. The capsules show a prevalence of
      chondroitinsulfates. The presence of the latter substances is discussed, together
      with the probable mechanical function that they perform.

PMID- 174372
TI  - [Selective angiography of the abdominal organs--with special reference to liver
      neoplasms].

PMID- 174374
TI  - Histochemical observations on the juxtanuclear complex of organelles in the
      hamster oocyte.
AB  - The hamster ovarian oocyte surrounded by 2-3 layers of granulosa cells develops a
      large juxtanuclear complex of organelles, consisting of basophilic substance,
      mitochondria and some lipid inclusion bodies. The basophilic substance staining
      for RNA, protein and some diffuse lipoprotein forms the material with which the
      granular mitochondria, composed of protein and phospholipid, apparently multiply.
      The lipid inclusion bodies consist of phospholipids. The results of this
      histochemical investigation have been correlated with those of ultrastructural
      studies on the hamster oocyte. The paranuclear complex of organelles described in
      this paper has also been compared and contrasted with that seen in the primordial
      oocyte of hamster, as reported in the previous publication. The functional
      significance of juxtanuclear entities has been discussed in relation to the
      multiplication of organelles to be accumulated during oocyte growth.

PMID- 174373
TI  - Effect of dose of estradiol and age of animals on intranuclear inclusions in
      mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - Intranuclear inclusions have been examined in mammotrophs of the Mongolian
      gerbil. No inclusions were identified in nuclei of newborn females, although
      inclusions were seen in the pituitary gland of young mature females. The number
      of inclusions in retired breeders was similar to that in young females. Estradiol
      benzoate increased the number of inclusions, although 10 mug/day for 5 or 14 days
      induced more inclusions than 5 or 100 mug for 14 days; significantly fewer
      inclusions were seen with the higher dose (2.81 +/- 0.10 inclusions per field for
      10 mug and 2.19 +/- 0.01 inclusions for 100 mug). Significantly fewer inclusions
      were present at 3 and 4 weeks. The reduced number of inclusions may be
      attributable at least in part to cellular hypertrophy of mammotrophs which was
      especially prominent. Vacuolar inclusions predominated at 3 and 4 weeks and there
      were fewer membranous types than at previous times.

PMID- 174375
TI  - Cytochrome oxidase and ascorbic acid in the normal and regenerating tail of the
      scincid lizard, Mabuya carinata. A histophysiological study.
AB  - The concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) and the histochemical distribution of
      this vitamin together with cytochrome oxidase have been investigated in the
      normal and regenerating tail of the Scincid lizard, Mabuya carinata. An
      interesting aspect of this investigation is the observation of a total lack of
      cytochrome oxidase in both the normal and regenerating tail of the lizard, except
      for the differentiating phase. On the other hand, AA has been found to be present
      in the normal and regenerating tail with above normal levels during wound healing
      (twofold) and differentiation (fivefold). In the light of the poor cytochrome
      oxidase activity, the higher content of AA noted during regeneration has been
      construed to play a possible role in the respiratory mechanics of the
      regenerating lizard tail. Further, the importance of AA in cellular metabolism
      and the wound healing and differentiative processes have also been discussed.

PMID- 174376
TI  - Electron spin resonance spectra of chicken hepatoma and liver tissue.
AB  - When studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) (Swartz et al., 1972), tumorous
      tissues differ from their normal equivalents in the following aspects: 1. In
      tumourous tissues the signal measured in the vicinity of the g=2 region of the
      spectrum is of a smaller amplitude or completely absent (Commoner et al., 1954;
      Commoner, Ternberg, 1961; Mallard, Kent, 1964; Dodd, 1973). 2. Signals attributed
      to certain paramagnetic metal ions are also decreased (Nebert and Mason, 1963;
      Swartz et al., 1973). New lines may exceptionally appear, too (Mallard, Kent,
      1966). So far mostly human and mammalian tumours (hepatoma and liver tissue)
      induced by carcinogens have been studied. The aim of the present work was to
      extend these observations to a fowl tumour of viral origin.

PMID- 174377
TI  - Proposed preferred conformation of ACTH.

PMID- 174378
TI  - Orientation dependence in the Epr spectra of spin labels in glycerinated muscle
      fibres.
AB  - Glycerinated muscle fibres labelled with a set of five-membered maleimide spin
      labels revealed a complex type epr spectra, which showed a reduced rate of
      anisotropic motion. The spectra can be interpreted in terms of the ratio of the
      two down-field peaks and of the hyperfine coupling constant. The spectra clearly
      indicated that the preferred orientation of the 2peta molecular orbital of the
      odd electron is perpendicular rather than parallel to the long axis of the muscle
      fibres. Increasing chain length between the meleimide ring and pyrrolidine
      nitroxide ring reduces the orientational anisotropy. Thermal denaturation
      destroys the orientation dependence of the epr spectra of spin labels. The Mg-ATP
      induced shortening of the fibres influences the spectral parameters. The fibers
      which had been contracted showed a modified orientation dependence of epr
      spectra.

PMID- 174379
TI  - GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant: clinico-pathological study of a case.
AB  - Clinical and neuropathological studies of a case of AB variant GM2-gangliosidosis
      have been presented. The patient was a 14 months old black female infant who had
      "black cherry spot" in the retinas. The total activities of beta-galactosidase
      and N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase, as well as the proportion of hexosaminidase A
      and B components in her serum and leukocytes were normal when the assays were
      carried out with artificial fluorogenic substrate. Diagnosis of GM2
      gangliosidosis AB variant was established by an abnormal increase of GM2
      ganglioside in the biopsied brain tissue, similar to classical Tay-Sachs disease.
      Her clinical manifestation appeared to be similar but somewhat milder than those
      of classical Tay-Sachs disease. Light microscopic features of the cerebral biopsy
      were also closely similar to Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease but gliosis
      and neuronal loss were less pronounced. Electron microscopic study revealed
      numerous membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) and zebra bodies in neurons. In
      addition, varieties of large intracytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes, a feature
      distinctly different from classical Tay-Sachs disease, were observed. Numerous
      cytoplasmic inclusions were also present in oligodendroglia, pericytes and
      microglial cells.

PMID- 174380
TI  - A fine structural study of degenerative-regenerative pathology in the surgically
      deafferentated lateral vestibular nucleus of the rat.
AB  - An experiment was designed to examine the course of degeneration, phagocytosis,
      and regeneration in the central nervous system following surgical
      deafferentation. The anterior cerebellar vermis was ablated in young male rats.
      The animals were sacrificed by perfusion at postoperative times ranging from 24
      hrs to 6 months. The lateral vestibular nuclei, to which the anterior cerebellar
      vermis projects, were processed for electron microscopy. Degenerating synaptic
      terminals, of the dark variety, were seen from 24 hrs to five days
      postoperatively. Phagocytosis of degenerating terminals occurred during this
      time. Degenerating axons persisted through 6 months survival, and phagocytosis of
      these degenerating axons were observed. Astrocyte scar formation began at 1 month
      postoperatively. The relative number of axosomatic synaptic terminals containing
      flattened vesicles ("F" terminals; presumed inhibitory in function) increased in
      operated animals. The highest F scores were found from 24 hrs to two weeks
      postoperatively, and then the F scores declined through six months. The
      significance of these sprouting activities is discussed in relation to the
      abortive sprouting phenomenon described by Ramon y Cajal.

PMID- 174381
TI  - Vascular and neuroglial changes in experimental herpes simplex encephalitis:
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - Generalized vascular changes and diffused proliferation of reactive microglia
      were observed in an experimental model of HSV encephalitis of mice. The wide
      spread of these changes contrasted with the localized character of virus
      replication and the confined areas of damaged nervous tissue. The vascular and
      microglial changes were precocious in animals inoculated with concentrated virus
      suspension (10(5.5)LD50) while they appeared late in mice inoculated with diluted
      virus suspension (100 LD50). After inoculation with U.V. inactivated virus no
      changes were seen. The results obtained in this study suggest that the vascular
      and microglial modifications are not related to a direct cytopathic effect of the
      virus but dependent on the amount of virus present in the central nervous system
      and linked to the virus DNA.

PMID- 174383
TI  - The nasal fundus ectasia.
AB  - The object of this work has been to describe an eye anomaly consisting of a
      series of individual characteristics. As a name for the disorder "the nasal
      fundus ectasia" has been selected. Special attention has been paid to the
      bitemporal visual field defects which can easily lead to a suspicion of tumour in
      the region of the optic chiasm.

PMID- 174382
TI  - A study of the perineurium in peripheral nerve pathology.
AB  - The response of the perineurium to the following experimental systems was
      investigated by light and electron microscopy: nerve crush, cold lesion and
      microinjection of (a) histamine liberator, (b) potassium cyanide, (c)
      lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). Where myelin breakdown occurred, lipid globules
      were seen within Schwann cells, macrophages and also perineurial cells. Where
      increased vascular permeability occurred, proteinaceous material leaked from
      endoneurial vessels into the endoneurial space and later appeared between
      perineurial laminae. It is suggested that the normal homeostatic function of the
      perineurium is extended in pathology to the removal of protein and lipid debris.
      In this way the perineurium contributes to the restoration of the normal
      microenvironment of peripheral nerve fibres.

PMID- 174385
TI  - [A case of glotto-subglottic cylindroma].

PMID- 174384
TI  - [Relation between structure and function of the vestibular receptor].

PMID- 174386
TI  - [An audible infarct].

PMID- 174387
TI  - Selective deficit in feeding behavior following the antero-medial amygdaloid
      lesions in cats.

PMID- 174388
TI  - Secretion of anterior pituitary hormones in man: effects of ethyl alcohol.
AB  - The possibility that previously described effects of ethyl alcohol on peripheral
      endocrine glands might be mediated via pituitary prompted this investigation on
      the effects of ethanol on anterior pituitary secretion. Nine healthy male
      subjects were given beverage containing ethanol (1.5 g/kg) or beverage alone per
      os in a randomized cross-over study and plasma ACTH, FSH, GH, LH and TSH were
      measured by specific radioimmunoassays up to 15 h and the urinary levels of
      adrenaline and noradrenaline by fluorometry. A combined LRF and TRF test was also
      carried out in similar series of experiments. During the whole experiment there
      were no significant differences in the plasma levels of ACTH, FSH and TSH or in
      the urinary levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline between ethanol treated and
      control subjects. Plasma FSH, LH and TSH responses to LRF and TRF stimulation
      were also similar in alcohol treated and control subjects. Plasma ACTH values
      were high (113-270 pg/ml) both in control and ethanol experiment suggesting that
      the subjects experienced apprehension toward the experiment. Plasma GH level
      exhibited a non-sleep related burst in the late evening (from 0.4 ng/ml at 6 p.m.
      to 3.1 ng/ml at 10 p.m., p less than 0.01). This increase was not seen after
      alcohol ingestion (p less than 0.01). Plasma LH levels were significantly lower
      after 6 and 13 h in alcohol treated subjects than in controls (65 vs. 106 ng/ml,
      p less than 0.01 and 74 vs. 121 ng/ml, p less than 0.05 respectively). Because
      ethanol had no effect on the resting level of plasma GH or on the LH response to
      LRF, WE SUggest that ethanol exerts these effects on a suprapituitary site.

PMID- 174389
TI  - Studies on the renal uptake of vitamin D3 in the mouse and the quail.
AB  - The renal uptake of labelled vitamin D3 was studied in the mouse and the quail.
      Upon the administration of labelled vitamin D3 autoradiographic experiments
      showed a specific accumulation of radioactivity in the proximal tubuli of the
      mouse kidney. This was still obvious 18 days after the administration. In the
      quail, on the other hand, the uptake in the kidney did not exceed the level of
      the blood. In the mouse there was a slow increase in the amount of steriod in the
      kidney after the injection of vitamin D3, a maximum being reached 24 hours after
      the administration. The amount of steroid which accumulated in the kidney was
      largely proportional to the injected dose of the vitamin-from doses at 4.8 ng to
      4.8 mug. Column chromatography showed that most of the renal vitamin D3, was
      present in a non-metabolized form. Cellular fractionation showed that most
      radioactivity in the kidney was present in the mitochondrial and microsomal
      fractions. Upon sonication of the fractions most radioactivity was still bound to
      these particles.

PMID- 174390
TI  - Pulsatile secretion of ACTH, GH, LH and TSH in man.
AB  - Blood samples were taken every 4 min for 80 min from 5 healthy subjects. Plasma
      ACTH, GH, LH and TSH were estimated by radioimmunoassays. The mean peak intervals
      were 11, 12, 13 and 14 minutes respectively and mean peak amplitudes were 25 pg,
      1.1 ng, 11 ng and 5.3 muU. Mean durations of ascending and descending limbs of
      the plasma patterns of these hormones were also measured. The timing of the
      different hormone peaks appeared to be independent.

PMID- 174391
TI  - [Biological properties of some new antibacterial antibiotics. I. Activities of
      some derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-AP) and 7-aminocephallosporanic
      acid (7-AC)].

PMID- 174392
TI  - [Influence of accessory substances of the preparation Vitamin D-3 sol. aguosa on
      the picture of rickets in rats].

PMID- 174393
TI  - Plasma myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin measured by radioimmunoassay: relations to
      neutrophil kinetics.
AB  - In 31 patients, covering a wide range of blood neutrophil counts and turnover
      rates, the plasma concentrations of myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin have been
      measured with radioimmunoassays and compared to neutrophil kinetic parameters,
      measured with DF32P-labeled neutrophils. It was found that the plasma
      concentrations of both proteins correlated significantly with the total number of
      neutrophils in the blood (TBGP=total blood granulocyte pool) as well as with the
      neutrophil turnover rate (GTR=granulocyte turnover rate), which is evidence that
      neutrophilic granulocytes are the main suppliers of myeloperoxidase and
      lactoferrin to the plasma. In contrast to the previously demonstrated better
      relationship between the GTR and plasma lysozyme, a protein also originating in
      neutrophil granules, both myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin correlated better with
      the TBGP. These differences may reflect differences in the mode of release of
      intragranular proteins from neutrophils to the plasma. The correlation of the
      plasma lactoferrin concentration with the TBGP was so good as to suggest its use
      in the clinical assessment of the TBGP.

PMID- 174394
TI  - Characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis virus cirulating in Poland.
AB  - An attempt of chacteristization of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains,
      isolated in Poland in 1955--1970, was based on the determination and analysis of
      neurovirulence for white mice at intracerbral and subcutaneous virus inoculation,
      neuroinvasion, antigenic properties, cytopathogenic abilities, susceptibility to
      nonspecific hemagglutination inhibitors, susceptibility to temperature of
      50degree and to 2M urea. Strains isolated in different regions of the country
      showed certain differentiation in pathogenic and antigenic properties as well in
      susceptibility to nonspecific inhibitors.

PMID- 174395
TI  - The biological significance of PGO spikes in the sleeping cat.
AB  - Large-amplitude waves recorded in the pontine tegmentum, lateral geniculate body
      and visual cortex herald the onset and continue throughout paradoxical sleep. The
      role of these ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, or spikes, has puzzled
      researchers since their discovery. This paper reports experiments in cats which
      have demonstrated that PGO spikes are essentially an epiphenomenon, an electrical
      sign of the activation of a "startle network" by the neural turmoil of
      paradoxical sleep. Internal stimulation provided by the bursts of neural activity
      which characterize paradoxical sleep produces PGO spikes in the lateral
      geniculate body which are identical in appearance to those elicited during
      synchronized and paradoxical sleep by 1.55 Hz tone bursts or taps on the cage in
      normal cats. Cerebellar lesions result in behavioral responses to the intrinsic
      startles during synchronized sleep in the form of extensor or flexor jerks of the
      forelimbs. The jerks occur in conjunction with each PGO spike. Identical
      movements can be induced in the same cats in wakefulness by such startling
      stimuli as dropping the cat or hissing with an aerosol can. Lesions involving the
      auditory-visual area permit cats to be stimulated by sound in synchronized sleep
      without arousal, but anterior lobe lesions produce an easily aroused animal. We
      postulate that the phenomena observed following cerebellar lesions are the result
      of alteration in the control of serotonergic neurons of the pontine raphe nuclei.

PMID- 174396
TI  - Considerations on neurotrophic relations in the central and peripheral nervous
      system.
AB  - The evidence for the existence of neurotrophic (non-impulse) influences is
      reviewed especially with respect to choice of adequate parameters and of
      differentiation of neurotrophic influences from other mechanisms affecting
      intercellular relations. The importance of growth processes in neurotrophic
      control is stressed, the mechanisms being apparently similar in the central and
      peripheral nervous system. Collateral sprouting as a compensatory response of the
      neuron on one hand and the old age changes at neuromuscular synapses resulting in
      "silent" synapses and later "silent" terminals present phenomena indicating
      mechanisms of growth and arrest of growth processes in neurotrophic control.

PMID- 174397
TI  - Horizontally and vertically transmitted oncornaviruses of cats.

PMID- 174399
TI  - Estrogenic control of uterine enzymes.

PMID- 174398
TI  - The role of DNA repair and somatic mutation in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 174400
TI  - Corticosteroid binding proteins and the hormone receptor in liver.

PMID- 174401
TI  - Properties of the cyclid AMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine and porcine
      heart.

PMID- 174402
TI  - Hormone and prostaglandin E1 control of potassium and cyclic AMP levels in
      isolated rat liver cells.

PMID- 174403
TI  - Metabolism of thymine in tumor tissue: the origins of beta-aminoisobutyric acid.

PMID- 174404
TI  - Biochemical strategy of the cancer cell: malignant transformation-linked
      enzymatic imbalance.

PMID- 174406
TI  - Regulation of enzymes of purine metabolism in intact tumor cells.

PMID- 174405
TI  - The influence of ACTH on steroid synthesis in normal and abnormal testicular
      tissues.

PMID- 174407
TI  - Interaction of mammalian tRNA methyltransferases with heterologous and homologous
      tRNA.

PMID- 174408
TI  - Role of the citrate transporter in the control of fatty acid synthesis.

PMID- 174409
TI  - Lipoprotein metabolism.

PMID- 174410
TI  - Cat leukemia and its viruses.

PMID- 174411
TI  - Equine infectious anemia.

PMID- 174412
TI  - Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV).

PMID- 174414
TI  - Neutralising antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular
      vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) virus in foetal calf serum.

PMID- 174413
TI  - A model for the quantitative study of Arthus (immunologic) hypersensitivity in
      rats.
AB  - A model of reverse passive Arthus (RPA) reaction in the pleural cavity of rats is
      described. The time course of development of exudate and migration of cells has
      been examined. It has been found to be complement dependent and dominated by
      polymorphonuclear cells. The reaction reaches a peak around 6 hours after
      challenge. Cyclic AMP levels have been measured both intracellularly and
      extracellularly and have been found to persist at high levels after the waning of
      the reaction.

PMID- 174415
TI  - Diagnostic applications of the fluorescent antibody method.
AB  - Reagents and equipment are now readily available to make fluorescent antibody
      techniques routine diagnostic procedures. Antinuclear antibodies are detectable
      by such methods and are useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disease. By
      defining not only the site of tissue damage but also the specific components
      deposted at that site, immunofluorescence applied to renal biopsies has helped to
      elucidate the nature of otherwise similar appearing processes. Fluorescent
      techniques also facilitate diagnosis of such skin diseases as lupus, bullous
      pemphigoid and pemphigus.

PMID- 174417
TI  - Metabolism of MBK.

PMID- 174416
TI  - Chronic inhalation of nickel oxide and cigarette smoke by hamsters.
AB  - Chronic inhalation of NiO and cigarette smoke (CS) by hamsters eventually caused
      pneumoconiosis whose development was unaffected by CS. No carcinogenic or
      cocarcinogenic effect of NiO and CS was observed, CS exposure increased laryngeal
      lesions, reduced body weight, and increased lifespan.

PMID- 174418
TI  - X-ray diffraction characteristics of some silicates.

PMID- 174419
TI  - Efficiency and loading characteristics of EPA's high-temperature quartz fiber
      filter media.
AB  - It was experimentally demonstrated that Gelman Type A and "Microquartz" filters
      are efficient collectors of nonvolatile particles at high temperatures. Submicron
      particles penetrated more than large particles, and most at the highest
      filtration velocity tested of 51 cm/sec. In all tests, however, aerosol
      penetration was never more than about 0.10%. Nonvolatile particles penetrated
      less with increasing temperature filter loading. Particles with vaporization
      points below the sampling temperature, including H2SO4, can vaporize, pass
      through the glass fiber filters, and then recondense when cooled below their dew
      points. Therefore, the definition of "particulate matter" must be based upon a
      prescribed temperature. Hot stack gases, sampled at different filter
      temperatures, should not necessarily be comparable. Particulate emission
      standards must involve a suitable reference temperature to allow proper
      enforcement. Filtration efficiencies calculated by theoretical equations change
      dramatically with small changes in assumed average filter fiber diameter and/or
      particle size (or size distribution) used in the calculations. Pinholes not
      visible to the naked eye do not appear to effect penetration of glass fiber
      filters enough to significantly alter stack sampling results. Effect of
      temperature on filtration of non-volatile particles simply resulted in an
      increasing collection of submicron particles with increasing temperature. The
      main problems encountered at elevated temperatures were vaporization of volatile
      particles and mechanical leakage of the filter holder.

PMID- 174420
TI  - Pathologic findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast project (protocol
      no. 4). II. The significance of regional node histology other than sinus
      histiocytosis in invasive mammary cancer.
AB  - The morphologic appearances of regional lymph nodes in radical mastectomy
      specimens obtained from 303 women entered into a prospective study of invasive
      breast cancer were categorized into patterns that have been considered to reflect
      immunologic function. An attempt was made to correlate these with 31 other
      histological and 8 clinical features, including short-term treatment failure (3
      months to 4 years, average 24 months). No significant relationship to the latter
      was encountered. However, a lymphocyte predominance pattern was significantly
      associated with a stellate tumor border, absent cell reaction within the dominant
      tumor, absent sinus histocytosis of lymph nodes, combination tumor types, and a
      patient age of 55 years or more. A similar relationship between age of patient
      and sinus histiocytosis was found with the germinal center predominance pattern.
      In addition, this histologic appearance was associated with circumscribed tumors,
      severe cell reaction, and the infiltrating ductal carcinoma NOS and medullary
      types. Nodes with an unstimulated appearance were also found to be related to an
      absent cell reaction but marked sinus histiocytosis and a patient age of 45-54
      years. Possible reasons for the differences between these findings and those of
      others relating prognostic value to such assessment of nodal histology is
      discussed, as are the findings of studies relevant to the identity of immunologic
      function with the morphologic appearance of nodal structure. The findings from
      this study fail to indicate any value of such nodal assessments as prognostic
      discriminants for breast cancer. Although longer periods of observation might
      alter this conclusion, such an event is regarded as unlikely.

PMID- 174421
TI  - Multilocular cyst of the kidney. Report of three cases with review of the
      literature.
AB  - Multilocular cyst of the kidney is an uncommon lesion. Approximately 70 cases are
      reported in the literature, with more than half occurring in children. The
      etiology and pathogenesis are not known, although the microscopic appearance in
      certain cases resembles that of Wilms' tumor. Three additional cases are
      presented and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 174422
TI  - Isolated hypoglossal nerve paralysis following influenza vaccination.
AB  - Isolated right hypoglossal (12th) nerve paralysis occurred after bivalent killed
      influenza vaccine (types A and B) immunization of a 7-month-old girl with cystic
      fibrosis. Two days after the third immunizing dose, fever and right hypoglossal
      paralysis developed. There were no other neurologic signs, and she recovered
      completely over the following three months.

PMID- 174423
TI  - A case of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and hypercalcemia associated with
      nonulcerogenic islet cell tumor of the pancreas.
AB  - A case of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and hypercalcemia associated with an islet
      cell tumor was described. A 62-year old man exhibited frequent watery diarrhea
      and hypokalemia for two years. He had no peptic ulcer and serum gastrin level was
      normal. His serum calcium was abnormally high and serum phosphate was lowered. He
      had secretin-like activity in his plasma. Autopsy revealed a small islet cell
      tumor in the pancreas and several metastatic masses in the liver. Microscopic
      examination revealed the tumor cell was not beta, alpha nor D cells. By electron
      microscopy the secretion granules of the tumor cell resembled those of S, M and T
      cells. It was not possible to decide which of the tree cell types was responsible
      for the pancreatic cholera.

PMID- 174424
TI  - Human exposure to SV40: review and comment.

PMID- 174425
TI  - Seasonality, natality and herd immunity in feline panleukopenia.
AB  - Feline panleukopenia (FPL) was diagnosed in 185 of 7043 feline admissions (2.63%)
      at a university veterinary hospital over an eight-year period. FLP has a distinct
      seasonal pattern, occurring during July, August and September. Seasonal peaks
      were noted in all the years studied. Cats less than one year of age accounted for
      70% of the total morbidity. The birth of felines in the United States also
      assumes a distinctly seasonal pattern. Analysis of 47,786 purebred litters born
      during 1970-1972 revealed a peak during April, May and June with a national
      median of May 29. A unifying hypothesis is presented to account for the seasonal
      occurrence of FPL. An influx of susceptible cats occurs annually following the
      birth of large numbers of kittens each spring, and disappearance of maternal
      immunity during the next two to three months. The addition of a large number of
      susceptible kittens leads to the development of summertime epidemics and serves
      to exemplify the principles of "herd immunity."

PMID- 174428
TI  - Whooping cough in infancy.

PMID- 174427
TI  - Rheumatology Rounds at the Hospital for Special Surgery. Aspects of systemic
      lupus erythematosus: consideration of viral and genetic factors, and remarks on
      therapy.
AB  - The presentation of SLE in one member of a twin pair has provided the background
      for discussion of genetic and environmental variables involved in the
      pathogenesis of the syndrome. There are promising leads (developing in parallel
      with studies in man and in NZB mice) suggesting that SLE results from the
      interaction of genetic factors with an etiologic stimulus provided by type-C RNA
      viruses. The principles of management of SLE have been reviewed briefly.

PMID- 174426
TI  - Neonatal argininosuccinic aciduria with normal brain and kidney but absent liver
      argininosuccinate lyase activity.
AB  - An infant is described who died at 6 days of age with hyperammonemia and
      argininosuccinic acid in the urine. Argininosuccinic acid  lyase (AL) was absent
      in liver, decreased in red blood cells, but normal in brain and kidney. The
      instability of AL in frozen stored tissues accounts for previous reports of
      deficient AL activity in the brain and kidney of neonates with this disease. The
      variation of AL activity in the tissues of this patient demonstrates that more
      than one gene locus either codes for the structure of this enzyme or regulates
      its biosynthesis in different organs.

PMID- 174429
TI  - Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-induced changes in the surface morphology of
      diapausing blastocysts and the effects on implantation.
AB  - Estrogen induces blastocyst implantation in diapausing female mice, increases
      uterine levels of adenyl cyclase and cyclic adenosine monphosphate (cylic AMP),
      and stimulates synthesis of ribonucleic acid and protein in both the uterus and
      blastocyst. Furthermore, the surface ultrastructure of trophoblast cells seen
      with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) changes with activation of the diapausing
      blastocyst by estrogen. Cyclic AMP-activated blastocysts were investigated with
      the use of SEM and compared to blastocysts activated by estrogen. Intraperitoneal
      administration of cyclic AMP was generally ineffective, whereas administration of
      cyclic AMP intraluminally in the uterus effectively mimicked the early estrogen
      activation. These findings are discussed in relation to other known activation
      changes in preimplantation blastocysts and with regard to similar findings after
      administration of various antiestrogens.

PMID- 174430
TI  - Developments in mammography.
AB  - Mammography is presented for the primarily nonradiologic audience. A brief
      historical review calls attention to some of the milestones in mammography and
      how it has changed. Xerororadiography is discussed, as it is one of the newer
      developments and is rapidly gaining broad acceptance in the United States.
      Clinical applications are included, with a discussion of the various entities
      which the radiologist can identify on the mammogram. Although the mammographic
      examination can be extremely accurate in the hands of interested examiners, some
      carcinomas will not be identified; of these, some can be discovered by routine
      physical examination. If mammography is made to stand alone, without a physical
      examination, some women with breast cancer will not be identified and will not
      receive prompt, adequate treatment. Mammography is an adjunct and a complement to
      the physical examination. Breast cancer screening appears to be effective in
      finding small, nonpalpable tumors, many very early in their growth. Definite
      evidence is now available that early diagnosis of breast cancer leads to
      prolonged survival. There is promise of further developments in the field of
      mammography.

PMID- 174431
TI  - New nomenclature for vulvar disease.

PMID- 174432
TI  - Electron microscopic study of distinctive structures in peripheral blood
      lymphocytes obtained from twins with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphoid cells obtained from nine twin pairs (six monozygotic
      and three dizygotic) in which one or both twins had systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) were examined by electron microscopy for the occurrence of two distinctive
      intracytoplasmic structures-tubuloreticular structures (TRS) and tubular
      crystalloids (TC). TRS were found in 0.8 to 14.8% of lymphoid-cell cross sections
      in 9 of 11 twins with SLE and 2 clinically well but serologically abnormal twins.
      Lymphoid cells of twins both clinically and serologically normal did not exhibit
      TRS, although their monozygotic or dizygotic SLE-positive counterparts possessed
      these structures. Thus, the expression of TRS was more consistent with an
      acquired than inborn trait and appeared to correlate with disease and serologic
      manifestations of SLE. TC were found in 1.7 to 7.9% of lymphoid-cell cross
      sections in every twin examined. No correlation was recognized between clinical
      or laboratory data and the frequency of TC-bearing cells. The significance and
      the ultrastructural development of TC in the peripheral blood lymphoid cells are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 174433
TI  - Evolution and modes of transmission of RNA tumor viruses. Parke-Davis Award
      lecture.
AB  - Most vertebrates contain sets of gene sequences (virogenes) which are an integral
      part of the chromosomal DNA and which can code, in some instances, for the
      production of Type C RNA tumor viruses. These genes are transmitted from parent
      to progeny along with other cellular genes, and their activation from a normally
      reressed state may be part of the mechanism by which RNA tumor viruses produce
      cancer. Isolates of endogenous genetically transmitted baboon Type C viruses are
      morphologically and biochemically related to other mammalian Type C viruses but
      can clearly be distinguished from the other groups (mouse, rat, cat, etc.) by
      immunologic and nucleic acid hybridization criteria. Within the primates, Type C
      viral gene sequences have evolved as the species have evolved, with virogenes
      from the most closely related genera and families showing the most sequence
      homology; all higher primate, including man, however, do have detectable virogene
      sequences in their normal tissues. Type C viruses have also been transferred
      under natural conditions between species only remotely related phylogenetically.
      The results show three clear examples where viral genes from one group of animals
      have become incorporated into the germ line of genetically distant groups of
      animals (inheritance of acquired genes). Infectious Type C viruses of primates,
      distinct from the endogenous primate virus group, have also been isolated (woolly
      monkey and gibbon isolates) and can be shown to produce tumors in other primates.
      Related viral information (nucleic acid sequences, enzymes, and antigens) have
      been reported in human tumors. The significance of infectious and/or genetically
      transmitted viruses in naturally occurring cancer is a major focus of current
      research. The presence of genetically transmitted viral genes in so many
      vertebrate species and the evidence that they have been conserved in several
      distinct vertebrate lineages suggests that they may provide some normal
      function(s) advantageous to the species carrying them and that their potential to
      cause cancers is a pathologic manifestation of normal, as yet undefined,
      physiologic processes.

PMID- 174435
TI  - Hepatitis A. Perspectives and recent advances.
AB  - The basis for the epidemiologic and etiologic differentiation of two major forms
      of viral hepatitis, hepatitis A and B, was established in a series of studies
      undertaken between 1930 and 1970. Final recovery and visualization of the
      presumed etiologic agent of hepatitis A was not, however, accomplished until the
      technique of immune electron microscopy was applied to the examination of
      specimen materials collected from individuals in the early acute stages of
      infection. Morphologically homogeneous virus-like particles of 27 nm diameter
      have now been recovered from stools of patients with hepatitis A ill from a
      variety of sources. Antibody to these particles has been shown to develop during
      the course of infection with hepatitis A but not with hepatitis B and disease has
      been induced in nonhuman primates inoculated with purified particle containing
      fractions. The classification of hepatitis A virus has not been conclusively
      established, but it would appear to be either a parvovirus or an enterovirus.

PMID- 174434
TI  - The relation of infection with the hepatitis B agent to primary hepatic
      carcinoma.
AB  - In Asia, Africa, and other tropical areas, primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is
      associated with liver cirrhosis of the postnecrotic (macronodular) type. Chronic
      viral hepatitis is likely to be the cause of this cirrhosis in many patients from
      regions where chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common. More
      than 95% of patients with hepatoma (in Mali and Senegal) have evidence of
      infection with HBV, a much higher frequency than in controls. Thirty-nine of 62
      patients with PHC had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (controls, 8 of 98) and
      56 of 63 (controls, 26 of 100) had antibody against hepatitis B core antigen
      (anti-HBc). In earlier studies, we demonstrated a maternal effect of HBsAg. If
      the mother has the antigen and the father does not, the children are much more
      likely to also have HBsAg than if the father has the antigen and the mother does
      not (93/161 = 57.8% when mother is positive vs. 28/135 = 20.7% when father is
      positive; P = 0.6 X 10(-10)). Studies in Greece and in the Solomon Islands show
      that presence of HBsAg in parents affects the sex ratio of the offspring of the
      mating. This implies that the presence of the agent in a parent can affect the
      fetus early in life. Parental studies in the west African hepatoma patients
      showed that there is a very high frequency of HBsAg in mothers (71.6%), while the
      frequency in fathers (18.5%) is significantly less. This suggests that the
      development of hepatoma in offspring is related to infection in parents. Several
      years ago, we described a vaccine which may be useful in preventing infection
      with hepatitis B. Strategies are discussed which might be effective in preventing
      the development of carriers with, it is hoped, a consequent decrease in the
      frequency of HBV carriers, chronic hepatitis, and primary hepatic carcinoma. The
      strategy would employ methods for decreasing the frequency of the agent in the
      environment by the application of public health methods including the vaccination
      of appropriate newborns and other members of the population.

PMID- 174436
TI  - Structural alterations of the junctional region in extraocular muscle of
      dystrophic mice. I. Modifications of sole-plate nuclei.
AB  - Sole-plate nuclei of the C57Bl/6Jdy2j dystrophic mouse showed apparent selective
      susceptibility to various forms of structural alteration. Pyknosis and chromatin
      fragmentation were seen in addition to vacuolar and membranous nuclear
      inclusions. These were often associated with neuromuscular junctions with
      markedly reduced or virtually absent junctional folding. Membranous
      proliferations also occurred nearby sole-plate nuclei of such flattened
      junctions.

PMID- 174437
TI  - Structural alterations of the junctional region in extraocular muscle of
      dystrophic mice. II. Hypertrophy of the neuromuscular junctional apparatus.
AB  - The fine structure of end-plate abnormalities was studied in the Bar harbor
      C57Bl/6jdy2j dystrophic mouse. A marked increase in area and volume of junctional
      sarcoplasm was often apparent. Such hypertrophied end-plates were often
      penetrated by networks of axonal terminal branches. At times, pseudopod-like
      extensions of the junctional sarcoplasm encompassed and made protracted synaptic
      contact with the incoming axon. Such apparent remodeling of the neuromuscular
      apparatus might represent a compensatory cellular response to decreased impulse
      transmission efficiency, as might result from a flattening of the postjunctional
      folding seen on abnormal muscle fibers in these animals.

PMID- 174438
TI  - On the skeletal maturation of Japanese-American White hybrids.
AB  - The skeletal maturation of Japanese-American White hybrids is discussed in
      relation to that of Japanese and Whites. Assessment of skeletal maturation was
      made on 323 radiographs of 57 boys and 151 of 33 girls studied semi
      longitudinally from 3 to 18 years on the basis of the Tanner-Whitehouse method
      (62). The skeletal maturity scores show a tendency for a greater advance in
      childhood for the Whites than for the hybrids and the Japanese. However, the
      preadolescent spurt of skeletal maturity occurs earlier in the Japanese and the
      hybrids than in the Whites, and the hybrids show the intermediate skeletal
      maturity scores between those of the Japanese and the Whites at and after
      adolescence.

PMID- 174439
TI  - A clinico-pathological study of cancer of the rectum.

PMID- 174440
TI  - Dispersed rat parotid acinar cells. I. Morphological and functional
      characterization.
AB  - Morphologically and functionally intact acinar cells have been obtained from the
      rat parotid gland through enzymatic dispersion with pure collagenase,
      hyaluronidase, and trypsin as well as mild mechanical forces. Cell yields of 30
      50% of the original tissue weight with over 95% acinar cells were accomplished.
      The cells in suspension assumed a more or less spherical shape but the
      intracellular polarity of organelle distribution was maintained. The cells in
      suspension at 37 degrees C maintained stable monovalent cationic composition but
      lost potassium and gained sodium rapidly upon exposure to ouabain, 10(-5) M. The
      intracellular amylase concentration and the patterns of secretion of amylase and
      of synthesis of cyclic AMP by the cells in response to adrenergic stimulation
      with epinephrine or isoproterenol were comparable to those of the intact gland in
      situ. In addition, the cells showed good O2 consumption and maintained it
      constant for periods up to 8 h. These cells could be used as experimental tools
      for in vitro studies of receptor physiology and biochemistry, cell membrane
      function, cellular secretory mechanisms, and other parameters of exocrine gland
      cell physiology.

PMID- 174441
TI  - Dispersed rat parotid acinar cells. II. Characterization of adrenergic receptors.
AB  - The in vitro characterization of adrenergic receptors in isolated rat parotid
      acinar cells was accomplished through investigations of the transmembrane
      influxes of K and of the secretion of amylase in response to interactions of the
      cells with selected agonists and antagonists. Interaction of epinephrine (EPI) at
      concentrations of 10(-3)-10(-9) M with the alpha-adrenergic receptors resulted in
      rapid efflux of K from the cells. This effect was inhibited by phentolamine but
      not by propranolol or atropine. The process of secretion of amylase by these
      cells involved the activation of the beta-adrenergic receptors by the adrenergic
      agonists DL-isoproterenol (IPR) and EPI at similar to above concentrations. The
      interaction of these agonists with the beta receptors was inhibited by
      propranolol but not by phentolamine or atropine. Dibutyryl clclic AMP stimulated
      secretion of amylase at concentrations of 10(-8) M. A progressive increase in the
      secretory response of the cells was observed with increases in the dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP concentrations up to 10(-5) M. This effect was not inhibited by
      propranolol. This study demonstrates that dispersed rat parotid acinar cells have
      functionally intact adrenergic receptors and could be used as experimental tools
      for the studies of receptor physiology and pharmacology as well as other aspects
      of secretion at the cellular level.

PMID- 174443
TI  - Neuropharmacological characterization of insulin-sensitive CNS glucoregulator.
AB  - Regional insulinization of the central nervous system (CNS) through the carotid
      artery causes an immediate decrease of the systemic blood sugar level in rats
      under light barbiturate anesthesia. Cervical vagotomy or intraperitoneal or
      intravenous atropine pretreatment results in partial inhibition of the systemic
      hypoglycemic response that follows intracarotid insulin injection.
      Intraperitoneal, intravenous, or intracarotid pretreatment with phentolamine or
      propranolol or intracarotid pretreatment with epinephrine had no effect on this
      centrally induced hypoglycemia. Intracarotid atropine injection immediately prior
      to intracarotid insulin injection completely abolished the systemic hypoglycemic
      response. Pretreatment with neostigmine administered intravenously prevented the
      inhibitory effect of intracarotid atropine on the hypoglycemic response that
      followed intracarotid insulin injection. It is consluded that the insulin
      sensitive glucoregulator center of the CNS is under cholinergic influence, or its
      efferent pathways have a centrally located cholinergic synapsis.

PMID- 174442
TI  - Positive inotropic effects of methoxamine: evidence for alpha-adrenergic
      receptors in ventricular myocardium.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of methoxamine on force
      development and adenyl cyclase activity in cat ventricular myocardium.
      Methoxamine produced a dose-related increase in force development of
      isometrically contracting cat papillary muscles. The positive inotropic effects
      of methoxamine were not altered by beta-adrenergic blockade (propranolol), or
      catecholamine depletion by prior reserpinization, but were completely prevented
      by alpha-adrenergic blockade (phentolamine or ergotamine). Neither ergotamine,
      phentolamine, nor methoxamine had any direct effects on adenyl cyclase activity.
      Phentolamine did not attenuate the increase in force development produced by
      paired electrical stimulation, suggesting that it does not block the entry of
      calcium into the muscle. In summary, methoxamine produced a dose-related increase
      in force development of the cat papillary muscle that was selectively blocked by
      alpha-adrenergic receptors in ventricular myocardium.

PMID- 174444
TI  - Effects of synthetic buffers on reflexes in the isolated frog spinal cord.
AB  - Substitution of synthetic buffers (Tris, TES, HEPES, or 3,3-dimethylglutarate)
      for CO2-bicarbonate buffer in Ringer solution perfusing the isolated in vitro
      frog spinal cord preparation altered membrane properties and reflex activity.
      Perfusion with Ringer solution gassed with O2 and containing synthetic bu,fers
      consistently produced a depolarization of motoneurons and dorsal root fibers,
      decreased the amplitude (and usually the duration) of ventral and dorsal root
      potentials, and had variable effects on motoneuron and dorsal root reflex
      discharges. With Tris-Ringer these discharges decreased in amplitude; with Ringer
      containing one of the other synthetic buffers, these discharges were augmented.
      All changes were reversible when the cord was returned to bicarbonate-buffered
      Ringer aerated with 95% O2/5% CO2. The use of a combined buffer system-one
      containing a synthetic buffer and bicarbonate-induced smaller or minimal changes
      in bioelectric activity. At present the data are insufficient to allow firm
      conclusions concerning the mechanisms underlying these results; but it is evident
      1) that changes in PCO2 and bicarbonate concentration and 2) that the
      pharmacological properties of synthetic buffers are important variables.

PMID- 174445
TI  - Effect of glucagon on secretin-stimulated bile flow.
AB  - The effect of glucagon on secretin-stimulated bile flow was evaluated in dogs
      with chronic biliary and gastric fistulas. Evaluation of the effects of secretin
      and glucagon alone on hepatic bile flow indicated that the calculated maximal
      response (CMR) values of the two agents were similar. Secretin increased the
      bicarbonate concentration in hepatic bile whereas glucagon did not, suggesting
      basic differences in mechanism of action. Administration of glucagon to secretin
      stimulated bile flow produced an increase in bile flow while decreasing the
      bicarbonate concentration in secretin-stimulated bile. Since the maximal response
      for bile flow to glucagon and secretin was significantly greater than the maximal
      response to either agent alone, glucagon produced potentiation of secretin
      stimulated bile. Glucagon increased the CMR value of secretin-stimulated bile
      from 513 mul/min for secretin alone to 692 mul/min for secretin and glucagon.
      This was associated with no significant change in the values of the respective
      D50S. These data suggest that glucagon produced a noncompetitive augmentation of
      secretin-stimulated bile flow and suggest that the two agents do not utilize the
      same receptor to stimulate bile flow.

PMID- 174446
TI  - Contractile inactivation in frog single denervated muscle fibers.
AB  - After preliminary conditioning depolarizations, single muscle fibers of the frog
      were tested for ability to contract in response to depolarization by 100 mM K+
      Ringer solution. Denervated fibers (6-42 days) lose their ability to produce a
      100 mM K+ contracture more rapidly than do control fibers. This decrease in 100
      mM K+ contracture size (inactivation) is dependent on length of exposure to and
      magnitude of the conditioning depolarization and on the calcium concentration in
      the external medium. At 0.4 mM Ca++, the inactivation is 3 times faster than at
      1.5 mM Ca++. The rate of contracture loss is not correlated with fiber diameter
      or the number of days after failure of neuromuscular transmission, and the
      preliminary conditioning depolarizations do not affect the rate of terminal
      relaxation from the 100 mM K+ contractures.

PMID- 174447
TI  - Accumulation of some secretory enzymes in venom glands of Vipera palaestinae.
AB  - Secretion of venom in the venom glands of Vipera palaestinae was studied by
      measuring the protein content and enzymatic activities of L-amino acid oxidase
      (LAO), phosphodiesterase (PDE), and benzoylarginine ethyl esterase (BAEE). These
      were tested in the accumulating venom and gland homogenates at 0, 2, 3, 4,6, and
      15 days after an intitial emptying of the venom glands by milking. Changes in the
      total activities of the enzymes and in the protein concentration were found in
      the venom samples, but not in the homogenates, at the different intervals after
      milking. In the venom the total activities of LAO, PDE, and BAEE were higher the
      longer the time intervals from the initial milking. When the data were fit by a
      straight line, the fluctuations from the line were of opposite signs for LAO and
      PDE at the 3- and the 4-day intervals. There were no significant correlations
      between the specific activities or between the changes in the specific activities
      of any two of the enzymes at any time interval. It is concluded that each of the
      enzymes is secreted at a rate independent of the other two; this pattern of
      secretion can best be described as nonparallel.

PMID- 174448
TI  - Hepatic metabolism of genetically diabetic (db/db) mice. I. Carbohydrate
      metabolism.
AB  - Hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in genetically diabetic mice (db/db) and their
      normal littermates has been studied. In db/db mice, body water was below normal
      and declined with age. The liver of db/db mice was abnormally large in relation
      to the metabolic mass of the body at all ages studied. In db/db mice, hepatic
      glycogenolysis, glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthetase, and phosphorylase were
      markedly increased. Gluconeogenesis from alanine or lactate in perfused livers of
      db/db mice was greater than normal per 100 g body water. Activities of fructose
      1, 6-biophosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucokinase + hexokinase, and
      pyruvate kinase were elevated in livers of db/db mice. Diabetic mouse livers
      perfused with lactate showed a markedly reduced concentration of P-enolpyruvate
      and clear "forward crossover" between fructose-1, 6-P2 and fructose-6-P. In vivo
      glucose clearance, measured with [3-3H]glucose, in db/db mice was 170% that of
      normal mice. Data presented indicate that in livers of db/db mice: 1) glucose
      production is elevated prior to hyperglycemia, 2) glycogen turns over more
      rapidly, and 3) glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes are elevated paradoxically.
      These abnormalities are discussed from the viewpoint of their etiology.

PMID- 174449
TI  - Effects of an angiotensin inhibitor on adrenocortical response to angiotensin II,
      ACTH, and K.
AB  - A competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II has been studied in nephrectomized dogs
      treated with dexamethasone to suppress ACTH secretion. The inhibitor, [1
      sarcosine, 8-alanine]angiotensin II (P113), has been shown by previous
      investigators to inhibit the pressor action of angiotensin II but not the pressor
      effect of other pressor agents. The present experiments demonstrate that P113
      inhibits the stimulation of aldosterone secretion by angiotensin II but not by
      ACTH or potassium infusions. Therefore, P113 appears to be a specific inhibitor
      of angiotensin's action on both vascular and adrenocortical tissue. In this dog
      preparation, P113 has a mild nondose-related agonistic action on the blood
      pressure and a nonsignificant action on aldosterone secretion, although in some
      dogs P113 appears to have a definite agonist effect.

PMID- 174450
TI  - Community alternatives to institutional care.
AB  - The Community Mental Health Center Amendments of 1975 (Public Law 94-63) mandate
      that federally funded mental health centers provide specific services to patients
      discharged from mental health facilities, including follow-up care and a system
      of transitional halfway houses. In addition, they must provide assistance in
      screening potential inpatients and provide alternative treatment when
      appropriate. The author stresses the need to coordinate the resources of public
      and private agencies through interagency planning, collaboration, and coordinated
      service delivery, the need to create new resources where none exist, and the need
      for more involvement by psychiatristis.

PMID- 174451
TI  - Granular cell myoblastoma of the lung.
AB  - Three cases illustrate the principal clinical and roentgenographic varieties of
      granular cell myoblastoma (GCM) of the lung. The vast majority are small benign
      intrabronchial tumors without roentgenographic findings. These remain
      asymptomatic and are detected accidentally at autopsy, surgery, or bronchoscopy
      (Case III). Larger obstructing lesions (Case I) cause focal atelectasis or
      pneumonitis, leading to cough, expectoration, and hemoptysis. Hilar enlargement
      from reactive lymph node hyperplasia is common. Clinically and
      roentgenographically these are indistinguishable from bronchial adenomas. Least
      often the tumor extends entirely extrabronchially (Case II) presenting as a
      parahilar parenchymal asymptomatic nodule, simulating a granuloma, hamartoma,
      arteriovenous malformation or a neoplastic nodule.

PMID- 174452
TI  - Bone tumor imaging by scintigraphy of the skeleton, marrow reticuloendothelial
      system, and the proliferative tissue.
AB  - Paralleled clinical studies of radioisotopic imaging or tumor metastases in the
      bone were undertaken with Tc99m pyrophosphate, Ga67 citrate, and Tc99m sulfur
      colloid. All three were capable of anticipating the bone roentgenograms. A
      critical analysis suggested that positive delineation with Ga67 citrate would
      sometimes be superior to the others. This deserves further investigation.
      Clinically the combined use of Tc99m pyrophosphate with Ga67 for the chest areas
      and extremties or with Tc99m colloid for the pelvic and abdominal areas would be
      more frutiful in early detection and exact localization of bone metastases.

PMID- 174453
TI  - A comparative appraisal of emphysematous cholecystitis.
AB  - There is ample evidence from this retrospective comparison to indicate that
      emphysematous cholecystitis does merit clinical distinction apart from acute
      cholecystitis. It is an acute infection of the gallbladder caused by a specific
      group of bacteria that may be aided by some aspect of local ischemia.
      Cholelithiasis does not seem to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of
      emphysematous cholecystitis, and this, in association with some dependence upon
      ischemia, may account for the predominance of this disease in males rather than
      females. Gangrene is a common feature of the pathologic process, and thus it is
      not surprising that the diagnosis of emphysematous cholecystitis implies a risk
      of gallbladder perforation that is five times that expected from ordinary acute
      cholecystitis. The key to identifying this disease is the plain abdominal
      roentgenogram which in most instances will make the diagnosis and provide an
      impetus for early operative intervention.

PMID- 174454
TI  - On the retinal pigment epithelium of the barn owl (Tyto alba).
AB  - The fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the barn owl (Tyto
      alba) is described. In general it resembles that of the retinal pigment
      epithelium of other vertebrate animals and a high content of myeloid bodies,
      lipid droplets, electron dense cytosomes, and especially phagosomes is observed.
      The latter show different structural specializations which include membranes,
      tubules, filaments, granules, vesicles, and crystalloid patterns. The central
      part of the retina often contains a peculiar inclusion body which is separated
      from the cytoplasm by one or two distinct membranes and is composed of a
      regularly arranged tubular network which forms a three-dimensional honeycomb
      structure. The tubules in part are in continuation with randomly oriented and
      densly packed tubules and stacks of discs consisting of paired lamellae. Similar
      formations within secretory cells of a gland (dendritic organ) and the taste buds
      of catfish are discussed.

PMID- 174455
TI  - [Postnatal development of the rat retina under DNS-inhibitor
      (chloroquinediphosphate) mediation (author's transl)].
AB  - The morphogenesis of retina has been studied in 1-15 day-old rats after a single
      injection of chloroquinediphosphate. Beside degeneration of neuroblasts, rate of
      development was markedly retarded as evidence by regression of the strata
      reticulares. Neuroblasts or receptor cells remained disorganized and were
      arranged in rosettes. In the inner layer containing the third neuron myelinated
      bodies were produced by the drug.

PMID- 174456
TI  - Hyperplasia of oligodendrocytes in quaking mice.
AB  - The number of neuroglial cells in selected fiber tracts of 90-day-old quaking and
      normal mice was determined by a combination of light and electron microscopy.
      Oligodendrocytes of quaking mice are normal in number in the anterior commissure
      and corticospinal tract (in the cervical spinal cord) but are increased two- to
      fourfold in the optic nerve and the fasciculi cuneatus and gracilis (in the
      cervical spinal cord). The nuclei and perikarya are normal in size or smaller
      than normal. Those tracts with the greatest hyperplasia of oligodendrocytes also
      have the greatest content of myelin, suggesting that cell number influences
      content of myelin. However, the volume of myelin per oligodendrocyte also varies,
      between 2 and 11% of normal, in the different tracts of the mutant. The
      hyperplasia of oligodendrocytes in quaking mice may arise as compensation for
      their decreased production of myelin and reflect a normal plasticity in the
      processes of myelination. If so, the mutant may be a useful system for study of
      the regulation of myelogenesis.

PMID- 174458
TI  - Growth of the second metacarpal according to chronological age and skeletal
      maturation.
AB  - In relation to chronological age and skeletal maturation, the growth of the
      second metacarpal is discussed based on radiographs of the right hand and wrist
      in 499 male and 424 female Japanese aged 1 to 18 years. When plotted against age,
      bone length and width present the general growth pattern of Scammon, the
      adolescent spurt occurring at about 13 years in the males and 11 years in the
      females, and the mean values are significantly larger in the males than in the
      females at age 15 years for length, and age 13 years for width, and later. The
      growth curves of both sexes are almost parallel to each other for bone length
      plotted against skeletal maturation. Bone width progresses in parallel in males
      and females until about adolescence, whereafter there is a more rapid increase in
      growth in the males than in the females. The mean values for length and width are
      almost always significantly greater in the males than in the females. The
      width/length index decreases rapidly until a certain period, the minimum value
      being at about ten years or a maturity corresponding to that age, and then
      increase slightly again to reach an equilibrium state on the basis of both age
      and skeletal maturation. At any given age, the mean values are always greater in
      the males than in the females. However, according to skeletal maturation, the sex
      differences are steadily significant at and after the skeletal maturity
      corresponding to about 12 years in the males and 10 years in the females.

PMID- 174457
TI  - An ultrastructural comparison of implantation in young and senescent golden
      hamsters.
AB  - Implantation was compared in young (3-5 month) and senescent (14-17 month) golden
      hamsters at 3, 3 1/2, 4, 4 1/2, 5, and 5 1/2 days of pregnancy (post-ovulation).
      One hundred twenty-two embryos (89 from 22 young females and 33 from 18 senescent
      females) located in utero by cutting thick sections (1-3 mum), were re-embedded
      and thin-sectioned for electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally implantation and
      embryonic differentiation was delayed approximately 12 hours in the senescent
      hamster when compared with young hamsters at the same stage of pregnancy. Failure
      of the blastocyst to implant would not appear to be a major cause of the
      declining litter size in aged golden hamsters.

PMID- 174459
TI  - Demonstration of a cytochemical difference between the tubulovesicles and
      plasmalemma of gastric parietal cells by ATPase and NPPase reactions.
AB  - Pieces of rat and human gastric mucosa were fixed in glutaraldehyde and
      paraformaldehyde and were processed by the methods of Wachstein-Meisel and of
      Ernst for the cytochemical demonstration of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and
      p-nitrophenylphosphatase (NPPase) respectively. Electron microscopic examination
      of reacted sections revealed the ATPase reaction to be localized to the
      plasmalemma and to mitochondrial cristae and the NPPase reaction to the
      plasmalemma. The tubulovesicles were unreactive. By thus demonstrating a
      cytochemical difference between the plasmalemma and tubulovesicle membrane, this
      study suggests that the tubulovesicles do not represent an extension of or
      reserve of mature plasmalemma. If the tubulovesicles represent a reserve of
      membrane that can be rapidly utilized to expand the plasmalemma, then these
      studies suggest that additional membrane constituents are added, activated, or
      unmasked in the process.

PMID- 174460
TI  - Relationships of foreign protein injections (hyposensitization) in atopic
      children to serum lipids and lipoproteins.
AB  - Foreign protein injections (hyposensitization) given for one year to human
      asymptomatic asthmatics did not increase their serum total lipids or lipoprotein
      levels, as they apparently did in rabbits fed a lipid-rich, cholesterol-poor
      diet. Serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels for IgA, IgM and IgG for the
      asthmatics and controls were no different.

PMID- 174461
TI  - [Ultrastructural and histochemical study of Hamasaki-Wesenberg bodies in lymph
      node sarcoidosis].
AB  - Report of a histochemical and ultrastructural study of the Hamasaki-Wesenberg
      Bodies in ganglionic sarcoidosis. These peculiar bodies have variable form and
      size and are located in the ganglionic sinuses as free elements or in the
      histiocytes; they are found most often in cases with sarcoidosis but are not
      specific of this disease. The results of this study suggest that their origin is
      probably lysosomial and that their nature is not unlike that of ceroid or
      lipofuscinic pigments. The exact signification of the presence of these bodies in
      the lymph nodes would need deeper investigation.

PMID- 174462
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of 6 cases of ameloblastoma].
AB  - Three cases of simple ameloblastoma were studied by electron microscopy. The
      classical ultrastructural features of these tumors are analysed and compared with
      reports in the literature and the development of the enamel organ. The authors
      stress the presence of two cell types (light and dark) probably corresponding to
      different degrees of maturity. One case of cystic ameloblastoma and one of
      granular cell ameloblastoma are then reported. The nature of the inclusions in
      this latter tumour is probably mixed: lysomal and secretory, perhaps
      ameloblastic. Finally, a malignant ameloblastoma is described under electron
      microscopy, for the first time. Closely related to simple ameloblastomas, it may
      be distinguished only by the presence of signs of cellular degeneration and
      numerous mitoses, sometimes abnormal.

PMID- 174463
TI  - [Ultrastructural odontological study of a case of Papillon-Lefevre disease].
AB  - An ultrastructural study of the teeth and alveolar bone was carried out in a case
      of Papillon-Lefevre disease, using sweep electron microscopy. There were
      structural abnormalities of the enamel, numerous zones of cement resorption, the
      absence of mineralisation of the parodontal fibres inserted in the cement.
      Osteogenesis was disturbed and the lamina dura showed a granular pattern without
      any defined orientation.

PMID- 174464
TI  - Rhinovirus and influenza type A infections as precipitants of asthma.
AB  - Specimens from 49 persons, 3 to 60 years of age, who were prone to attacks of
      apparently infectious asthma were cultured for viruses and bacteria during
      episodes of symptomatic respiratory infection from September 1972 to June 1973.
      Seventy-one of 128 episodes (55 per cent) of symptomatic respiratory infection
      occurred with asthma. Shedding of respiratory pathogens was associated with 43 of
      the 128 episodes, and 19 of the 43 etiologically defined episodes occurred with
      wheezing. Seven of 15 rhinovirus symptomatic respiratory infections were linked
      with asthma, as were 4 of 5 influenza type A (H3N2) and 2 of 3 respiratory
      syncytial virus infections. A total of 21 different rhinovirus serotypes have
      been identified from asthmatic patients during 2 years of study; 14 of these were
      associated with wheezing, indicating that the ability to cause asthma is not
      restricted to only a few types. Other viruses that were shed during wheezing
      associated symptomatic respiratory infections included para-influenza type 3,
      adenovirus type 7, and 2 unidentified viruses. Although infectious asthma was not
      easily defined in adults and some older children, viruses that appeared to
      precipitate asthma were distributed among patients of widely differing ages.

PMID- 174465
TI  - Pretreatment clinical staging of carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - A brief history is presented outlining the development of pretreatment clinical
      staging of carcinoma of the lung. All segments of the medical profession are
      urged to use the pretreatment clinical staging of carcinoma of the lung as
      presented by the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging and End Result
      Reporting and adopted by the International Union Against Cancer. The results of a
      retrospective study of clinical staging of carcinoma of the lung compared with
      postsurgical staging is presented. It is believed that clinical staging of
      carcinoma of the lung will result in improvement in diagnosis, treatment and
      understanding of the disease.

PMID- 174466
TI  - [Association of aniridia and Wilms' tumor. Report of two cases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Authors report two new cases of association of Wilms' tumor and congenital
      aniridia and a review of the literature is made. Attention is called to the
      frequency of this association and the importance of close observation of patients
      with congenital aniridia in order to ensure early diagnosis of Wilms' tumor.

PMID- 174468
TI  - [Acrocephalosyndactyly (ACS) (author's transl)].
AB  - 13 cases of ACS are presented: seven of them were identified as Apert's syndrome;
      two as Chotzen's syndrome; three as Carpenter's syndrome, and one as Pfeiffer's
      syndrome. These disorders have no known ethiology. However, it is necessary to
      look for diabetic antecedents and dermatogliphus alterations, both in the patient
      and the parents. An attempt to give an explanation of their hereditary penetrance
      is made. Frequency of associated abnormalities, mental retardation, therapeutics,
      prognosis, and recent encouraging results of plastic surgery of the face are
      reviewed.

PMID- 174467
TI  - [Chronic diarrhea and intestinal cytomegalic inclusion (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of chronic diarrhea resistent to treatment is presented. At autopsy a
      cytomegalic inclusion disease localized only in the gastrointestinal tract was
      found. This case seems to be a confirmation to the hypothesis that the
      cytomegalovirus may be cause of gastrointestinal disturbances in infants.

PMID- 174469
TI  - [Mixed hyperlipidemia resistant to ordinary dietetic and medical treatment. 30
      cases].
AB  - From 30 cases of mixed hyperlipidemia which were resistant to apparently
      correctly managed treatment, combining an adapted diet and Clofibrate, the
      authors confirmed that there is no specific clinical or laboratory picture in
      these cases: except for the constant presence of two beta-lipoproteins, with a
      high percentage of slow pre-beta, on electrophoresis on agarose, persisting
      throughout the length of inactive treatment. Analysis of the factors of
      resistance, whether exogenous and/or endogenous show that: bad adhesion to the
      "anticholesterol" diet (persistance of the supply of alcohol and/or sugar,
      insufficiency of unsaturated fats) and the incomplete reduction of a residual
      plethoric overload however minimal, constitute the two factors of resistance
      which are most easily picked out and overcome, but such factors are fat to be
      constantly causal. And in other cases, the contribution of drug interference or
      of considerable glycoregulation disorder remains to be excluded or discussed. In
      the absence of such factors or of their decisive role, a more specific cause of
      metabolic resistance had to be looked for. A disorder in Clofibrate mechanism,
      detected by gaseous chromatography in the form of an abnormal peak at C15
      (clofibric acid) is found 12 hours or more after the last ingestion of the drug
      in certain cases. Binding of this molecule with VLDL, and perhaps with slow pre
      betalipoprotens and nolonger with albumin, could explain the fault in metabolic
      clearance and in good metabolic utilization of this drug.

PMID- 174470
TI  - [Ultrasonic echographic semiology of hepatomas].

PMID- 174471
TI  - [Purification and characterization of "Clostridium perfringens" BP6K-N5 strain
      bacteriocin N5 (author's transl)].
AB  - The bacteriocin N5 produced by Clostridium perfringens, strain BP6K-N5, after UV
      irradiation induction, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed
      by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex
      G100. By polyacrylamid-gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion analysis the
      purified material was shown to be homogenous. The purified bacteriocin N5 is
      inactivated by proteolytic enzymes and by heat treatment at 50 degrees C for 15
      minutes. It is a simple protein with a molecular weight of approximately 82.000.
      The protein appears to be a single polypeptide chain, as no dissociation is
      obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate and beta-mercaptoethanol disc-gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 174473
TI  - [Effect of methyl parathion and zineb administration on the activity of some
      hepatic enzymes in rats].
AB  - Male albinos rats were fed diets containing parathion-methyl or Zineb so that the
      average daily intake is 1/10 or 1/20 lethal dose 50, for a period of 4 or 8
      weeks. The activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes, namely :aminopyrine N
      demethylase, BHT oxidase, aniline hydroxylase, Butter Yellow & Amaranth
      reductases, NADPH-cyt. c reductase, G6P phosphatase, were measured. The
      activities of G6P & 6PG deshydrogenases were also determined. With the
      application of the parathion-methyl doses, the only effect showed is the lowering
      of the microsomal protein concentration.

PMID- 174472
TI  - [Kinetics of setting up of a human fecal flora in germ free mice and trial of
      decontamination of antibiotherapy (author's transl)].
AB  - We have tried in this study to reproduce in germfree mice a bacterial equilibrium
      observed previously in the gastrointestinal tract of child "L.N.", reared in a
      plastic isolator. Eight bacterial strains were studied. Seven had been
      fortuitously introduced: Acinetobacter lwoffi LN1, Staphylococcus epidermidis
      LN2, Clostridium perfringens LN3, Plectridium anatum LN4, Streptococcus bovis
      LN5, Enterobacter cloacae LN6, Corynebacterium sp LN7. The eighth strain was
      purposely administered to the child in order to take advantage of an antagonism
      between this strain and spontaneously acquired flora. This strain is Bacillus
      licheniformis FD1. The gnotoxenic mice proved to be a good experimental model
      because we found their bacterial equilibrium comparable to that observed in child
      L.N. In addition, we studied the decontamination procedures of the
      gastrointestinal tract of mice by observing both the antagonism of B.
      licheniformis with bacitracin, and the action of a suitable mixture of
      antibiotics. Conditions for the realization of this decontamination are discussed
      in this study.

PMID- 174474
TI  - [Value of the sublabyrinthine inter-sinuso-facial approach].

PMID- 174475
TI  - [Errors and delays in the diagnosis of cancer of the cavum].

PMID- 174476
TI  - Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in Fasciola hepatica (L.) homogenates.
AB  - The authors have studied the bahaviour of cyclic 3',5'-AMP phosphodiesterase in
      the 2,000 g supernatant of the Fascilola hepatica homogenate, under basal
      conditions and after addition of various substances. Dopamine remarkably inhibits
      the enzyme activity, imidazole causes a strong activation, while serotonin,
      theophylline, PGE1 and PGF2alpha appear to be ineffective.

PMID- 174477
TI  - [Effect of a colloidal silica on the physical and especially, rheologic
      properties of two excipients for suppositories].

PMID- 174478
TI  - [Cytomegalovirus pneumopathy in a patient who had undergone a renal transplant.
      Unusual radiological appearance of a pure form].

PMID- 174479
TI  - [Aneurisms of the hand and fingers in children (author's transl)].

PMID- 174480
TI  - The cerebrospinal fluid: current concepts of its formation.
AB  - Until recently it has been generally accepted that the choroid plexuses are the
      major source of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, data now indicate that
      significant contributions to the CSF are made at extrachoroidal sites. CSF
      production studies and 24Na transport studies in normal and plexectomized rhesus
      monkeys supportive of substantial extrachoroidal CSF formation will be presented.
      Although the exact mechanisms of CSF formation remain to be defined,
      ultrafiltration is probably involved to a considerable extent. Data indicative of
      a lymphatic-like role for the CSF will be considered.

PMID- 174481
TI  - [Proceedings: Giant-cell reticulo-histiocytoma].

PMID- 174483
TI  - [Histochemical and ultrastructural study of normal skin in subjects with type IV
      hyperlipemia].

PMID- 174482
TI  - [Serum enzyme activities in psoriasis].

PMID- 174484
TI  - Studies on the distribution of certain phosphatases in the alimentary canal of
      Indian cattle leech, Poecilobdella granulosa (Savigny, 1822).

PMID- 174485
TI  - [A chronological study of thymic crystalline inclusions and autoimmune disorders
      in Swan and NZB mice (author's transl)].
AB  - Swan and NZB mice represent good animal model for human systemic erythematosus
      with autoimmune phenomena (antinuclear antibodies, deposits of immunoglobulins in
      kidney and skin). The level of circulating thymic factor, responsible for T
      lymphocyte differenciation, falls during the first month of life in NZB mice,
      during the third month in Swan mice, during the sixth month in control mice
      (Swiss). In Swan mice, cytoplasmic crystalline inclusions have been found within
      the epithelial cells which are said to have a thymosine-like activity. The time
      sequence of the appearance of the crystalline inclusions has been studied in
      relation to the development of autoimmune disorders (antinuclear antibodies,
      immunoglobulins in tissues). In each group of mice, the drop in circulating
      thymic factor appears before the appearance of crystalline inclusions and of
      autoimmunisation. Therefore, these crystals appear to represent a store of
      circulating thymosine-like factor or of a precursor in an ageing thymus.

PMID- 174486
TI  - Genetic control of development of the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium
      discoideum.

PMID- 174487
TI  - [Study of the interaction of human serum albumin with penicillins by means of
      spin labels].
AB  - Interaction of 8 penicillin preparations with human serum albumin was studied
      with the spin-labels method and a probe. Correlation between the binding level of
      penicillins with human serum albumin and their effect on the spectrum of EPR of
      the spin-label attached to albumin was observed only with the use of a
      hydrophobic probe (radical III). The covalent attached marks and the hydrophobic
      probe may be used for rapid orienting estimation of pencillin interaction with
      albumin.

PMID- 174488
TI  - Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication by poly(2'-fluoro-2'
      deoxyuridylic acid).
AB  - Poly(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylic acid) is known to be an effective inhibitor of
      the deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase found within the oncornaviruses. This
      synthetic polynucleotide was found to inhibit the replication of vesicular
      stomatitis virus in mouse L cells. The polymer was shown to be capable of
      inhibiting the viral ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase, and it is
      proposed that this is the mechanism of antiviral activity. The following
      observations support this viewpoint: (i) the polymer is most active when added
      after virus adsorption; (ii) the antiviral activity is not species specific; and
      (iii) the polynucleotide is nontoxic to the host cell. Conventional methodologies
      designed to increase nucleic acid uptake by cultured cells do not show an
      increase in antiviral potency.

PMID- 174489
TI  - Prospective double-blind evaluation of topical adenine arabinoside in male herpes
      progenitalis.
AB  - Thirty-four virologically proven episodes of herpes progenitalis in 32 men were
      treated in a prospective double-blind study with either adenine arabinoside
      ointment or an identical-appearing placebo for 7 days. Clinical evaluation and
      quantitative virological studies were done on days 1, 3, and 8. There was a
      highly significant correlation between clinical response and quantitative
      virology. There was no difference in clinical or virological response between
      drug and control groups. Primary attacks tended to have higher viral excretion
      over the period of observation. The level of complement-fixing antibody to herpes
      simplex virus type 2(<1:16 versus >/=1:16) in patients with recurrent disease did
      not appear to alter the course of viral excretion.

PMID- 174490
TI  - Relationship of lactate dehydrogenase specificity and growth rate to lactate
      metabolism by Selenomonas ruminantium.
AB  - A lactate-fermenting strain of Selenomonas ruminantium (HD4) and a
      lactatenonfermenting strain (GA192) were examined with respect to the
      stereoisomers of lactate formed during glucose fermentation, the stereoisomers of
      lactate fermented by HD4, and the characteristics of the lactate dehydrogenases
      of the strains. GA192 formed L-lactate and HD4 formed L-lactate and small amounts
      of D-lactate from glucose. HD4 fermended L- but not D-lactate. Both strains
      contain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-specific lactate dehydrogenases,
      and no NAD-independent lactate oxidation was detected. Continuous cultures of
      both strains grown with limiting glucose produced mainly propionate and acetate
      and little lactate at dilution rates less than 0.4/h, with shifts to increasing
      amounts of lactate and less acetate and propionate as the dilution rate was
      increased from 0.4/h to approximately 1/h.

PMID- 174492
TI  - [Tracheobronchial cylindromas. Ultrastructural study].

PMID- 174491
TI  - Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine oxidase reaction in Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - It was possible to quantitate the tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) oxidase
      reaction in Azotobacter vinelandii strain O using turbidimetrically standarized
      resting cell suspensions. The Q(O2) value obtained for whole cell oxidation of
      ascorbate-TMPD appeared to reflect the full measure of the high respiratory
      oxidative capability usually exhibited by this genera of organisms. The Q(O2)
      value for the TMPD oxidase reaction ranged from 1,700 to 2,000 and this value was
      equivalent to that obtained for the oxidation of the growth substrate, e.g.,
      acetate. The kinetic analyses for TMPD oxidation by whole cells was similar to
      that obtained for the "particulate" A. vinelandii electron transport particle,
      that fraction which TMPD oxidase activity is exclusively associated with. Under
      the conditions used, there appeared to be no permeability problems; TMPD (reduced
      by ascorbate) readily penetrated the cell and oxidized at a rate comparable to
      that of the growth substrate. This, however, was not true for the oxidation of
      another electron donor, 2,6-dichloroindophenol, whose whole cell Q(O2) values,
      under comparable conditions, were twofold lower. The TMPD oxidase activity in A.
      vinelandii whole cells was found to be affected by the physiological growth
      conditions, and resting cells obtained from cells grown on sucrose, either under
      nitrogen-fixing conditions or on nitrate as the combined nitrogen source,
      exhibited low TMPD oxidase rates. Such low TMPD oxidase rates were also noted for
      chemically induced pleomorphic A. vinelandii cells, which suggests that modified
      growth conditions can (i) alter the nature of the intracellular terminal oxidase
      formed (or induced), or (ii) alter surface permeability, depending upon the
      growth conditions used. Preliminary studies on the quantitative TMPD oxidation
      reaction in mutant whole cells of both Azotobacter and a well-known Mucor
      bacilliformis strain AY1, deficient in cytochrome oxidase activity, showed this
      assay can be very useful for detecting respiratory deficiencies in the metabolism
      of whole cells.

PMID- 174493
TI  - [Uterine tumors of mesenchymatous origin: problem of their definition and
      classification].

PMID- 174495
TI  - [A pleomorphic adenoma of a salivary gland with deposits of amyloid substance].

PMID- 174494
TI  - [Hyperplasia of the chemoreceptor organs or intrapulmonary microchemodectomas.
      Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 174496
TI  - Combinations of antimicrobial agents. I. The in vitro sensitivity of 100 strains
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to polymyxin B, colistin, carbenicillin, gentamicin and
      doxycycline and to various combinations of these antibiotics.
AB  - The MICs for 100 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined for polymyxin
      B, colistin, carbenicillin, gentamicin and doxycycline and various combinations
      of these antibiotics. This study was carried out by means of a tube dilution
      method. Additive actions were observed in the combinations of polymyxin B plus
      carbenicillin, polymyxin B plus gentamicin, polymyxin B plus doxycycline,
      carbenicillin plus doxycycline and gentamicin plus doxycycline. A synergistic
      action was observed for the combinations of colistin plus carbenicillin, colistin
      plus gentamicin, colistin plus doxycycline and carbenicillin plus gentamicin. In
      none of the combinations was any antagonistic action encountered. Numerous
      reasons for using combined antibiotic treatment are listed. The results were
      obtained exclusively in in vitro investigations.

PMID- 174497
TI  - Malignant hepatoma associated with acquired hepatic cutaneous porphyria.
AB  - A 60-year-old woman with a three-year history of an acquired hepatic cutaneous
      porphyria was discovered to have a porphyrin-producing malignant hepatoma. An
      attempt was made to treat her with fluorouracil perfused through a hepatic artery
      catheter. It did not produce shrinkage of the tumor, but the patient remains
      alive and ambulant a year after the infusion, although her skin lesions
      (scarring, bulla formation, and hyperpigmentation) on the fingers, back of hands,
      and face persist and she continues to excrete abnormally high quantities of
      porphyrin in her feces.

PMID- 174499
TI  - Histophysiology of the vegetative peripheral nervous system of skin.
AB  - Preterminal nerve fibers of the peripheral vegetative nervous system make
      inmediate contact (neuro-effector-areas) to interstitial cells (I.C.). This
      connection is characterized through a common glycocalyx with the nerve fiber. The
      I.C. are specific innervated cells and differ morphologically from Schwann-cells,
      fibrocytes, and histiocytes. The I.C. are able to come into morphologically
      different contacts with neighbouring cells by microvilli-like cell protrusions.
      These neighbouring cells then are able to contact other cells by themselves. The
      results are interpreted in the sense of electro-mechanical feed-back system of
      information processing in the vegetative periphery.

PMID- 174498
TI  - [Electron microscopical investigation of rhinoscleroma (author's transl)].
AB  - A boy from Togo with a resistent Rhinoscleroma was observed. The specific
      granuloma was examinated by histological and electron microscopic methods. The
      plasma cells form fibrillary material or guttate Russel bodies in the rough
      endoplasmatic reticulum. The morphology of Mikulicz-cells and Klebsiella
      rhinoscleromatis is described. The cells are supposed to be (histiocytic)
      macrophages. The surface of the germs is coated with a fimbria-like radiate
      substance which in the vacuoles of the cells is crosslinked. This material could
      be the eliciting antigen for the formation of Russel bodies. These bodies then
      may represent immune substances bound within the cell.

PMID- 174500
TI  - Estrogen receptor and natural course of breast cancer.
AB  - The tumors from approximately 50% of patients with breast cancer contained
      estrogen receptor (ER). ER appeared more often and at higher levels in the tumors
      of postmenopausal women. Eleven out of 12 patients who had multiple ER assays
      from various metastatic sites showed no significant discrepancies in ER values.
      ER level appears to decrease as the duration of metastatic cancer increase.
      Patients with ER in the tumor more frequently have bone metastases than those
      without ER. Visceral metastases occurred more often with ER negative patients and
      appeared to have a more malignant course with significant shorter survival.

PMID- 174501
TI  - Some steric factors affecting smooth muscle relaxation by cAMP analogs.
AB  - The inhibitory potency of equimolar concentrations of cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate (cAMP) and three of its butyrylated derivatives; N6, O2'-dibutyryl
      cAMP (DBcAMP), N6-monobutyryl cAMP (N6MBcAMP) and O2' monobutyryl cAMP (O2'
      MBcAMP) was determined in isolated guinea pig ileal and aortic smooth muscle.
      Substitution in the N6 position did not markedly alter the inhibitory action of
      cAMP in these smooth muscles. However, an increase in the effectiveness of low
      concentrations of epinephrine in aorta was noted in the presence of the N6
      substituted derivatives (0.1 mM). Addition of a butyryl group to the O2' position
      greatly decreased the activity of cAMP in both intestinal and vascular smooth
      muscle. The character of smooth muscle relaxation shown by cAMP and its analogs
      is very similar to that shown by adenosine and its analogs. These substances all
      appear to be acting in the same manner to relax intestinal and aortic smooth
      muscle.

PMID- 174502
TI  - Acute idiopathic polyneuritis caused by cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Cytomegalovirus was isolated from the PBBC from a patient with acute idiopathic
      polyneuritis. Viremia occurred during the early phase of the neurologic disease,
      preceding viruria, and was accompanied by specific CMV-IgM antibodies, which
      indicates a recently acquired infection. Complement fixing antibodies to CMV
      remained stable throughout the illness at a relatively low titer. Previously, CMV
      has been associated with acute idiopathic polyneuritis on the indirect evidence
      of rising or elevated titers of complement fixing antibodies or isolation of
      virus from urine or saliva or both. Our findings provide direct evidence for the
      causative role of CMV in acute idiopathic polyneuritis.

PMID- 174503
TI  - [Proceedings: Diarrhea in the Verner-Morrrison syndrome].

PMID- 174504
TI  - [Gastric chemodectoma: study of one case (author's transl)].

PMID- 174505
TI  - [Histological studies of 854 breast carcinomas during 1963 to 1973].

PMID- 174506
TI  - [Proceedings: Clinical-epidemiological analysis of patients with breast carcinoma
      with special reference to serum beta-lipoprotein content].

PMID- 174507
TI  - [Significance of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast].

PMID- 174508
TI  - [Proceedings: Clinical aspects and pathology of the so-called cystosarcoma
      phyllodes of the breast].

PMID- 174509
TI  - [Proceedings: Demonstration of androgen receptors in human breast carcinomas].

PMID- 174510
TI  - [Infectious and hyperthermic diseases in early pregnancy].

PMID- 174511
TI  - [Possible influential factors in child development. Pannel discussion].

PMID- 174512
TI  - [Determination of plasma cyclic adenosine-3',5-monophosphate during the cycle,
      pregnancy and menopause].

PMID- 174513
TI  - [Biopsy and morphology].

PMID- 174514
TI  - [Observations on tumor-associated fibrinolysis in human breast-cancer (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In 30 cases of breast-cancer, including 24 primary cases, the tumor-associted
      fibrinolysis was investigated using agar plate method. In 60% of the tissue
      sample fibrinolytic activity was found. No activity could be detected in the
      remaining 40%. There was evidence of a positive correlation between tumor
      associated fibrinolysis and tumor size as well as the rate of axilla metastases.
      Among the fibrinolytic active cases there was a disproporionate number of
      adenocarcinoma, whereas in the inactive collective the solid and scirrhous
      carcinoma prevailed. There was no relation between the tumor-associated
      fibrinolysis and the percentage of tumor cells in the tissue. The firbinolytic
      inactive tumors showed a better histopathological adaptation to the surrounding
      tissue than the active ones. There was less small-cell infiltrate in the stroma
      of the fibrinolytic active tumors than in the inactive cases. No significant
      difference was found in the form of growth and the occurence of fibre structure.
      For clinical assessment a longer period of observation and a larger study are
      necessary.

PMID- 174515
TI  - Significance of tissue estrogen receptors in the strategy of breast cancer
      treatment.
AB  - Using evidences of estrogen receptors in mammary tumor tissues it was tried 1. to
      find substances which inhibit the tumor growth by their binding to the estrogen
      receptors; 2. to predict responsiveness to endocrine therapy; and 3. to find a
      definition of an improved therapeutic strategy in breast cancer. There is a
      continuously increasing rate of receptor positive tumors, caused by an improved
      technique of determination and tissue handling. Estrogen receptors were detected
      in 73 per cent of all primary mammary tumors and 58 per cent of metastatic tumors
      respectively. As new therapeutic substances nafoxidine and Estracyt were tested
      in controlled clinical trials. To get exact data about hormonal sensitivity
      further quantitative investigations of receptor activities of mammary tumors and
      their therapeutical responsiveness have to be done. As a new step in the strategy
      of breast cancer therapy based on receptor determinations a combined therapy with
      hormones and cytotoxic chemotherapeutics has to be checked in clinical trials in
      uture.

PMID- 174516
TI  - Steroid hormone receptors in human breast cancer and clinical correlations.
AB  - Human breast cancer was studied by in vitro techniques on tissue slices and
      extracts for a specific binding of estradiol and dihydrotestosterone. Estradiol
      receptors were found in 50 percent of patients in the premenopausal group and in
      47 percent of patients in the postmenopausal group. The incidence of receptors in
      patients with metastatic disease was 32.5 percent. In 18 of 35 patients who were
      positive for receptor sites a remission was observed after a variety of endocrine
      treatment regimens. In contrast only 3 patients out of 43 with a negative binding
      pattern responded to treatment with nafoxidine for a very short time. The best
      correlation was found in the ovariectomized group. Between the responders and the
      nonresonders there is no difference in the quantitative receptor content. The
      same is valid in view of the duration of the remission.

PMID- 174517
TI  - Estimation of high affinity estradiol binding sites in the human breast cancer.
AB  - The specific estrogen binding capacity of the cytosol has been investigated in 51
      human breast cancers (49 women, 2 men). The estrogen binding sites of the cytosol
      has been analysed by Korenman's dextrancoated charcoal technique. Several methods
      have been used in order to distinguish the specific estrogen binding sites and
      the unspecific binding: temperature differentiation and saturation of the binding
      sites with nonlabelled estrogen or its antagonist Clomid. It has been concluded
      that the differentiation of the estradiol binding sites (specific or unspecific)
      with the elevated temperature effect or the additon of Clomid may be helpful only
      as a qualitative test. The elevated temperature of Clomid may influence the
      increase of the unspecific estradiol binding. The most suitable method to
      eliminate the unspecific binding of estradiol is the saturation of cytosol from
      control samples with non-radioactive estradiol-17-beta. The specific estrogen
      binding capacity of the cytosols of different tumours varied over a wide range (0
      -840 fM E2/mg protein). It has been found that among 51 persons there were 31
      patients (61%) with measureable amounts of high affinity estradiol binding sites
      in cancerous tissues. In 20 cases (39%) the existence of estradiol specific
      binding sites could not be observed.

PMID- 174518
TI  - Estradiol receptor activity in tissues of human breast cancer.
AB  - Using the method for receptor determination recommended by the EORTC breast,
      cancer group we found 33.8% of our tissue specimen experimentally estradiol
      sensitive. No relation could be seen between receptor binding ability of the
      tumor tissues and lymph node involvement, tumor histology, clinical stages of the
      disease and menopausal state of the patients, respectively. In most cases primary
      tumor tissues and tissues of invaded lymph nodes show a corresponding behaviour
      in relation to estradiol uptake. The differences observed in the effects of
      various antiestrogenic substances on estradiol binding ability can not be
      explained at present.

PMID- 174519
TI  - [Presence of RNA-and DNA-tumor viruses within a cell line from mouse spleen and
      thymus (author's transl)].
AB  - Cells of spleen and thymus from mice infected with Rauscher leukaemia virus were
      cultivated in vitro. A new cell type repeatedly grew out of this cell line.
      Electron-optically, RNA--viruses and DNA-viruses were found within the new lines,
      but there was no cell containing both viruses at the same time. According to
      experimental results in rats, the DNA virus is polyoma-like. The importance the
      presence of two different viruses within the same cell is discussed.

PMID- 174520
TI  - Influence of double infections on the induction of thymidine kinase by UV
      irradiated herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and pseudorabies virus.
AB  - Simultaneous infection of primary rabbit kidney cells with HSV type 1 TK+ and a
      TK- strain results in a mutual influence of both viruses on the induction of
      thymidine kinase (TK). TK+ virus has an enhancing and TK- virus a depressing
      effect on TK induction by a superinfecting TK+ virus. The enzyme induction
      depends on the ratio of multiplicities of both viruses. The mutual influence on
      TK induction depends further on the time of addition of the superinfecting virus:
      the effect of the second virus can still be observed when given 6 hours after
      primary infection. Identical phenomena can be observed using combinations with
      HSV type 2 or Pseudorabies viruses. The ability of HSV to induce TK is
      progressively inactivated with increasing the time of UV-irradiation. The
      depressing effect of a TK- strain and the stimulating effect of a TK+ strain on
      superinfecting TK+ strains is UV-sensitive: after 6 minutes of UV-irradiation
      neither inhibition nor stimulation of TK induction by a superinfecting TK+ strain
      can be observed. Infection by long-term (20 minutes) UV-irradiated TK+ strains
      results in a depression of TK induction by a superinfecting TK+ virus. Long-term
      irradiation of the TK- virus does not show this effect. Cytosine-arabinoside has
      no effect on the mutual influence of TK induction by TK+ and TK-strains; the
      phenomenon of mutual depression therefore has to be considered an early process.

PMID- 174522
TI  - Swinepox. Virus isolation, experimental infections and the differentiation from
      vaccinia virus infections.
AB  - The isolation of swinepox virus in primary pig kidney cell cultures is reported.
      The differentiation from vaccinia virus was possible with challenge infections of
      convalescent pigs and the use of the agar gel diffusion precipitation (AGDP) test
      and immuno-electroosmophoresis (IEOP). Using both immune precipitation tests
      reactions of identity were obtained between the heterologous antigens of swinepox
      and vaccinia viruses. A total of 829 pig sera from the field were tested for
      precipitating antibodies with the IEOP. Antibodies were detected in 65 (=7.8 per
      cent) of these serum samples.

PMID- 174523
TI  - Ultrastructural aspects of experimental swinepox with special reference to
      inclusion bodies.
AB  - A light and electron microscopic study was performed on pox-like epidermal
      lesions in an experimentally infected pig. Light microscopical investigation of
      semithin sections revealed the presence of nuclear vacuoles and of different
      types of cytoplasmic inclusions. In electron microscopical studies large numbers
      of both immature and mature virus particles and the cytological changes
      indicative of pox virus infection were observed. Various types of intra
      cytoplasmic inclusions -- i.e. fibrillar inclusions, crystalloid-containing dense
      inclusions, complex membraneous inclusions and dense homogeneous inclusions --
      were encountered in addition to viroplasms and nuclear vacuoles. Because of the
      presence of vacuoles in nuclei of stratum spinosum cells the diagnosis swine pox
      by swinepox virus was most probable. These nuclear vacuoles have not been
      described in swine pox caused by vaccinia virus, the only other known cause of
      pox in swine.

PMID- 174524
TI  - The polypeptide composition of avian infectious bronchitis virus.
AB  - Avian infectious bronchitis virus grown in ovo was purified by differential
      centrifugation and isopycnic sedimentation in density gradients. The purified
      virus was analysed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found to
      comprise up to sixteen polypeptides, four of which were glycopeptides. Bromelain
      treatment of the particles removed three polypeptides and two glycopeptides.

PMID- 174521
TI  - Simian virus 40-chinese hamster kidney cell interaction. I. Relationship of
      chromosome changes to transformation.
AB  - After approximately 20 in vitro passages, Chinese hamster kidney (CHK) cell
      cultures transformed upon exposure to different strains of SV 40 can show a
      diploid modal chromosome number of 22 with chromosome counts exclusively or
      essentially in the diploid range (20-25). In primary culture and at the 5th-7th
      subculture, tumors produced in nude mice by such cells can display a diploid
      modal value of 22 chromosomes. Numerical chromosome variations and karyotype
      abnormalities observed in CHK cells transformed upon infection with SV 40, are
      apparently indistinguishable from those that can be observed in uninfected CHK
      cells undergoing "spontaneous"-transformation. These  results indicate that
      polyploidization is not a necessary step either in the process of transformation
      or in that of tumorigenic conversion with SV 40.

PMID- 174525
TI  - Purification of herpesvirus saimiri and properties of the viral DNA.
AB  - Conditions for growth, concentration, and purification of Herpesvirus saimiri
      were determined. Optimal yields of infectious Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) were
      obtained from infected owl monkey kidney (OMK) cells grown at 32.5 degrees C in
      medium containing 10 per cent fetal calf serum. Forth-five percent of the initial
      infectious HVS was recovered after an 18-fold concentration using 8 per cent
      polyethylene glycol 6000 in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl. Polyethylene glycol
      concentrated HVS was purified in an isopycnic-linear Renografin gradient (1.0-1.3
      g/cm3. Ninety-six percent of the infectivity was recovered in a single 1.16 g/cm3
      density region. DNA extracted from purified HVS was resolved into two distinct
      density classes by CsCl equilibrium centrifugation (1.727 and 1.709 g/cm3). DNase
      treated HVA virions yield four DNA species with densities of 1.727, 1.718, 1.712,
      and 1.706 g/cm3 in CsCl centrifugation.

PMID- 174526
TI  - Polykaryocytosis induced by vesicular stomatitis virus infection in BHK-21 cells.
AB  - Cytopathological effects by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection were
      studied in several cell lines. Marked polykaryocyte formation was observed in
      monolayers of certain strains of BHK-21 cells infected with VSV. The BHK-21-KB
      cells were found to be the most susceptible to virus-induced cell fusion. This
      type of cell fusion was related to intracellular growth of the viruses, and
      strong cytolytic changes were found to occur following the development of large
      multinucleated giant cells. The cell-fusing activity was associated with the
      infectivity of VSV and was neutralized by anti-VSV immune serum. The viruses
      irradiated for 20 minutes or heated at 60 degrees C for 10 minutes lost
      completely both infectivity and cell-fusing activity. These experimental results
      indicate that virus replication was responsible for fusion of BHK cells.

PMID- 174527
TI  - The influence of substances changing the intracellular concentration of cyclic
      adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate on interferon synthesis in chick embryo cell
      culture.
AB  - The influence of cyclic 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), adrenalin and
      theophylline on interferon synthesis induced by influenza B virus (Lee strain) in
      chick embryo cell cultures was studied. In 5-day-old cell culture, theophylline
      was shown to enhance the inhibiting effect of exogenous cAMP and adrenalin on
      interferon synthesis and in 1-day-old culture, on the contrary, to enhance
      interferon production whereas adrenaline under these conditions had no effect on
      interferon synthesis at all. In 5-day-old cultures the activity of adrenalin and
      theophylline was manifested when they were added to the maintenance medium not
      later than 4 hours postinfection, and was not associated with the influence on
      interferon inducer adsorption on to cells or on virus multiplication in sensitive
      systems. Treatment of cells with these substances had no effect on interferon
      release from the cells. In the concentration used, adrenalin and theophylline
      exerted no cytotoxic effect. Theophylline inhibited incorporation of 3H-uridine
      and 14C-leucine into the acid insoluble fraction of the infected cells in 1-day
      old cultures, while in 5-day-old cultures this was observed only when adrenalin
      and theophylline were used together. It is suggested that endogenous cAMP is
      essential for control of interferon synthesis and that different cAMP levels in
      cells of different ages may be one of the causes of the varying potency for
      interferon synthesis in young and old cell cultures.

PMID- 174528
TI  - Immunoglobulins, antibodies and inhibitors of parainfluenza 3 virus in
      respiratory secretions of sheep.
AB  - Virus neutralising and haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) activities were
      monitored in the serum, nasal secretions and tracheo-bronchial secretions of
      lambs infected with Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI3). HI activity was found in
      the secretions of both control and infected lambs, whereas neutralising antibody
      was found only in nasal secretions from infected lambs. Fractionation revealed
      that most of the HI activity in the secretions was due to a large molecular
      weight protein which also inhibited the haemagglutination (HA) of Parainfluenza
      virus type 1 (PI1) and type 2 (PI2) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This
      inhibitory activity was partially sensitive to receptor destroying enzyme (RDE).
      IgA antibodies specific for PI3 were also found in the respiratory secretions.
      However no increase in IgA levels was detected in the nasal secretions of the
      infected lambs. It is suggested that in certain reports non-specific inhibitors
      present in the nasal secretions of calves, may have been confused with PI3
      specific IgA antibody.

PMID- 174529
TI  - [Studies on the Relationship between immunity and the level of neutralizing
      antibodies in pigs vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease (author's transl)].
AB  - The statistical relationship between the titers of neutralizing antibodies and
      the immunity of 706 pigs vaccinated against FMD was studied. This was done for
      each of four virus strains separately. Whereas no correlation between both test
      systems could be detected in case of the strains A5 Westerwald, C Detmold and
      O1Santander, a significant correlation was ascertained for the strain
      O1Kaufbeuren. Becuase of the different findings depending on the virus strain
      under study it was concluded that the antibody titer alone does not provide a
      useful measure for potency testing of FMD-vaccines for pigs.

PMID- 174530
TI  - Use of iodinated organic compounds for the density gradient centrifugation of
      viruses.
AB  - Use of Urografin and Conray for the equilibrium centrifugation of viruses is
      described. These pharmaceuticals, which consist of iodinated arylic compounds,
      reach densities of 1.6 g/cm3 and have low intrinsic viscosities. Poliovirus,
      Newcastle disease virus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus were centrifuged
      to equilibrium in gradients made of these substances. Viral infectivities were
      not measurably affected, which is especially noteworthy in the case of the very
      labile lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Buoyant densities were found to be
      significantly lower than densities obtained with gradients made of CsCl and
      sucrose.

PMID- 174531
TI  - Natural and experimental infections of Japanese tree sparrows with Japanese
      encephalitis virus.
AB  - 20 to 37 per cent of wild Japanese tree sparrows had neutralizing antibodies to
      Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Sparrows free of antibodies were inoculated
      with 10,000 plaque-forming units of JEV. None of the birds became clinically ill.
      Virus could be detected in blood plasma during the first 3 days after inoculation
      but not thereafter. Neutralizing antibodies started to appear at 4 days after
      inoculation and the response was of variable duration, in some cases extending up
      to 200 days after inoculation.

PMID- 174532
TI  - Inhibition of multiplication of parainfluenza 3 virus in prostaglandin-treated
      WISH cells.
AB  - Influence of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2alpha (PGF 2alpha) on multiplication
      of myxovirus parainfluenza 3 was investigated. At concentrations of 0.01--1
      mug/ml prostaglandins had no direct cytotoxic effects. PGE2 and PGF2alpha
      inhibited multiplication of parainfluenza 3 virus at concentrations 0.1--10
      mug/ml. The inhibitory effect was most pronounced when the prostaglandins were
      added to medium for the whole period of virus multiplication (48 hours) while
      little or no effect was found when prostaglandins were added before virus
      inoculation or for 2 hours after infection. It is suggested that prostaglandins
      exert an inhibitory effect on the replication phase of the virus by influencing
      the growth of the WISH cells.

PMID- 174533
TI  - Triethyltin sulfate-induced neuropathy in rats. Electrophysiologic, morphologic,
      and biochemical studies.
AB  - Adult rats given high orally administered doses of triethyltin (TET) sulfate lost
      weight, developed hind limb wasting, and became paraplegic or quadriplegic within
      three weeks of intoxication. A 33% reduction in the motor nerve conduction
      velocity (MNCV) of the sciatic nerve in the absence of significant demyelination
      was observed. There was observed, however, intramyelinic edema formation and an
      increased number of axonal neurofilaments and neurotubules; changes that
      paralleled the decrease in MNCV during the period of intoxication. Although the
      animals became asymptomatic and the MNCV normalized within two to three weeks of
      discontinuing the TET intoxication, the intramyelinic vacuoles and the increased
      numbers of neurofilaments and neurotubules persisted.

PMID- 174535
TI  - Lesions produced by human herpesviruses 1 and 2. Morphologic features in rabbit
      corneal epithelium.
AB  - The morphologic features of corneal lesions produced in rabbits by human
      herpesviruses, types 1 and 2 (HH1 and HH2), were studied using light and electron
      microscopic techniques. Also, healing lesions produced by the HH1 virus and
      treated by idoxuridine were similarly investigated. Scanning electron micrographs
      showed that although the morphology of HH1 and HH2 lesions was similar in most
      respects. HH2 lesions typically were raised, whereas the edges of HH1 lesions
      were not elevated above the corneal surface. In both HH1 and HH2 lesions,
      infected epithelial cells first separated from neighboring cells, then became
      globular, and finally were removed, leaving a central excavation. During healing
      of HH1 lesions, normal epithelial cells invaded the central crater from all sides
      to cover damaged cells and reconstitute the epithelial surface.

PMID- 174534
TI  - Experimental parainfluenza type 1 virus-induced encephalopathy in adult mice.
      Pathogenesis of chronic degenerative changes in the CNS.
AB  - The pathogenicity of the 6/94 strain of parainfluenza type 1 virus, originally
      isolated from multiple sclerosis brain, was studied in adult mouse brains.
      Intracerebral inoculation of the virus caused mononuclear cell infiltration in
      the form of perivascular cuffing and a diffuse exudation into the parenchymal
      tissue, preferentially in cerebral white matter, that resulted in marked
      degeneration over a 90-day observation period. Immunofluorescent staining
      revealed viral antigen in the ependymal lining cells only during the first seven
      days after infection. No correlation was found between the severity of the brain
      lesions and the level of circulating antiviral antibody, preexisting or newly
      produced.

PMID- 174536
TI  - Herpesvirus hominis encephalitis and retinitis.
AB  - A previously healthy 44-year-old man died three weeks after the simultaneous
      onset of encephalitis and retinitis. Fundus changes were bilateral and included
      papillitis, rapidly progressive central retinal vein obstruction, and massive
      exudative retinal detachment. A 16-fold rise in herpesvirus hominis antibodies
      occured between the 10th and 20th days of illness. At autopsy, the brain showed
      changes characteristic of herpetic encephalitis, and cultures of the brain
      yielded Herpesvirus hominis type I. Intranuclear inclusion bodies typical of
      those produced by Herpesvirus were found by light microscopy in brain, optic
      nerves, retina, and choroid. Herpesvirus particles were found by electron
      microscopy in brain, optic nerve, and retina.

PMID- 174537
TI  - [Problems of the electric response audiometry (ERA) during the natural and
      artificial sleep (author's transl)].
AB  - The investigators carried out threshold determinations on 16 children and 6
      adults in wakefulness, under general anaesthesia (we used chloral hydrate
      anaesthesia) and in sleep (stage II-III and stage REM). Falling asleep (stage I
      and initial stage of anaesthesia respectively) the latencies of the individual
      components of the acoustically evoked potentials are prolonged in mean of 30
      msec. Simultaneously the amplitude of N1 significantly decreases and N2 becomes a
      prominent point (Fig. 1). The generation mechanisms of wave N2 are obviously
      different from those of wave N1. Its input-output curve takes a very steep course
      (Fig. 5) and the shortening of latencies increases with growing intensity of
      stimulus too (Fig. 4). Amplitude histogrammes demonstrated the dependency of the
      form of the acoustically evoked potential on the degree of synchronisation of EEG
      activity. While in the case of desynchronisation N1 appears more markedly, N2
      does in the case of synchronisation. The mean deviation of the ERA threshold
      totals plus 3.8 +/- 6.9 dB (n = 41) under chloral hydrate anaesthesia, plus 4.9
      +/- 6.7 dB (n = 37) in natural sleep in contrast to the wakefulness. With a 99%
      confidence there occur confidence intervals ranging from + 1 to + 7 dB and from
      +2 to +8 dB respectively. In identifying the threshold potentials error I
      (existing potential not recognized) occurred in 15-20%, error II (random wave
      seen as potential) in 20% of these studies. All these experiments showed
      significant lower variances for the latencies compared with variancies of
      amplitudes. The variance of amplitudes is smallest in children (Table 1) under
      general anaesthesia as well as in adults in wakefulness (Table 2). For the
      practical performance of ERA chloral hydrate is recommended for studies on
      children. A uniform EEG-state as well as a uniform depth of sleep are basic
      conditions for ERA during sleep, sedation or under anaesthesia. These conditions
      must constantly be controlled by EEG, EOG and EMG.

PMID- 174538
TI  - Galactose metabolism in relation to cataract formation in marsupials.
AB  - Erythrocytic galactokinase and/or galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase
      activity were low in many species of marsupials. However, cataract formation was
      observed only in pouch-young members of these species when reared on cow's milk.
      The galactose tolerance of young kangaroos was found to be greatly impaired, but
      improved rapidly and markedly at the stage of which the definitive structure of
      the ruminant type of stomach as in adults is formed. The combination of high
      absorption of galactose and low levels of galactokinase and/or transferase thus
      appears to determine the predisposition of pouch-young marsupials to galactose
      cataractogenesis.

PMID- 174539
TI  - Prolonged control of hypoglycaemia by L-asparaginase in islet cell carcinoma
      producing insulin and gastrin.
AB  - L-asparaginase (140,000 units) infused into the hepatic artery resulted in a
      remission from disabling hypoglycaemia for nine months in a man with islet cell
      carcinoma of the pancreas and hepatic metastases. The tumour produced insulin and
      gastrin with resulting hypoglycaemia and recurrent peptic ulceration which were
      unresponsive to other drugs. Following L-asparaginase there was a fall in both
      plasma and insulin and gastrin.

PMID- 174540
TI  - Insulinoma: aids to management.
AB  - Three cases of insulinoma seen in the past few months are reported in order to
      highlight recent advances in the management of this condition. These advances
      include serum insulin level determinations to correlate with blood sugar levels;
      selective arteriography as a means of localizing a tumour; and the monitoring of
      blood sugar levels during surgery.

PMID- 174541
TI  - A skeletal age survey of primary school children in Western Australia.

PMID- 174542
TI  - [Studies on the serological differentiation of field virus isolates and the
      protective action of vaccines in infectious bronchitis].

PMID- 174543
TI  - A study of the interrelationship between the triacylglycerol and protein
      components of very-low-density lipoproteins using the perfused rat liver.
AB  - High and low rates of very-low-density-lipoprotein triacylglycerol release from
      the perfused rat liver were achieved by using livers taken respectively from
      animals that had been given fructose for 48h or from animals that had been
      starved for 18h. 2. The higher rates of very-low-density-lipoprotein
      triacylglycerol release by the livers of the fructose-fed rats were associated
      with higher rates of very-low-density-lipoprotein protein release. 3. When the
      livers were perfused in the presence of [3H]leucine, radioactivity was
      incorporated into the very-low-density-lipoprotein apoproteins. The higher rates
      of very-low-density-lipoprotein triacylgycerol and protein release by the livers
      of fructose-fed rats were associated with a greater total incorporation of
      radioactivity into those apoproteins that entered the running gel during
      polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. However, the distribution of radioactivity
      among the various apoproteins was not significantly changed by the dietary
      treatments used.

PMID- 174544
TI  - A comparison of the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mitochondria from rat
      brain and liver.
AB  - The total activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mitochondria isolated from rat
      brain and liver was 53.5 and 14.2nmol/min per mg of protein respectively.
      Pyruvate dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria incubated for 4 min at 37 degrees C
      with no additions was 30% in the active form and this activity increased with
      longer incubations until it was completely in the active form after 20 min. Brain
      mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was initially high and did not
      increase with addition of Mg2+ plus Ca2+ or partially purified pyruvate
      dehydrogenase phosphatase or with longer incubations. The proportion of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase in the active form in both brain and liver mitochondria changed
      inversely with changes in mitochondrial energy charge, whereas total pyruvate
      dehydrogenase did not change. The chelators citrate, isocitrate, EDTA,
      ethanedioxybis(ethylamine)tetra-acetic acid and Ruthenium Red each lowered
      pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in brain mitochondria, but only citrate and
      isocitrate did so in liver mitochondria. These chelators did not affect the
      energy charge of the mitochondria. Mg2+ plus Ca2+ reversed the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase inactivation in liver, but not brain, mitochondria. The regulation
      of the activation-inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mitochondria from rat
      brain and liver with respect to energy charge is similar and may be at least
      partially regulated by this parameter, and the effects of chelators differ in the
      two types of mitochondria.

PMID- 174545
TI  - Effect of protein-synthesis inhibitors on testosterone production in rat testis
      interstitial tissue and Leydig-cell preparations.
AB  - Luteinizing-hormone-stimulated testosterone biosynthesis was inhibited by
      cycloheximide during incubation of rat testis intersitial tissue in vitro and
      also by puromycin and cycloheximide during incubation of Leydig-cell
      preparations, but not by chloramphenicol. These results suggest that a protein
      regualtor(s) formed by cytoplasmic protein synthesis is involved in
      steroidogenesis in the rat testis. The specific effect of cycloheximide and
      puromycin on protein synthesis rather than on other non-specific processes is
      suggested by the inhibition of protein synthesis and steroidogenesis with
      different doses of the inhibitors and the lack of effect of cycloheximide on
      luteinizing-hormone-induced adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate production.
      Stimulation of testosterone production by luteinizing hormone during superfusion
      of interstitial tissue was detectable within 10-20 min and reached a maximum of
      120 min, and thereafter slowly decreased. Cycloheximide added at maximum steroid
      production caused a rapid decrease in testosterone synthesis which followed first
      order kinetics (half-life 13 min), thus indicating that the protein regulator(s)
      has a short half-life. No effect of cycloheximide, puromycin or chloramphenicol
      on testosterone production in the absence of added luteinizing hormone was found,
      suggesting that the basal production of testosterone is independent of protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 174546
TI  - The maturation of the inner membrane of foetal rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - A new method was devised for the isolation of foetal and neonatal rat lvier
      mitochondria, giving higher yields than conventional methods. 2. During
      development from the perinatal period to the mature adult, the ratio of
      cytochrome oxidase/succinate-cytochrome c reductase changes. 3. The inner
      mitochondrial membrane of foetal liver mitochondria possesses virtually no
      osmotic activity; the permeability to sucrose decreases with increasing
      developmental age. 4. Foetal rat liver mitochondria possess only marginal
      respiratory control and do not maintain Ca2+-induced respiration; they also swell
      in respiratory-control medium in the absence of substrate. ATP enhances
      respiratory control and prevents swelling, adenylyl imidodiphosphate,
      ATP+atractyloside enhance the R.C.I. (respiratory control index), Ca2+-induced
      respiratory control and prevent swelling, whereas GTP and low concentrations of
      ADP have none of these actions. It is concluded that the effect of ATP depends on
      steric interaction with the inner mitochondrial membrane. 5. When 1-day pre
      partum foetuses are obtained by Caesarean section and maintained in a Humidicrib
      for 90 min, mitochondrial maturation is "triggered", so that their R.C.I. is
      enhanced and no ATP is required to support Ca2+-dependent respiratory control or
      to inhibit mitochondrial swelling. 6. It is concluded that foetal rat liver
      mitochondria in utero do not respire, although they are capable of oxidative
      phosphorylation in spite of their low R.C.I. The different environmental
      conditions which the neonatal rat encounters ex utero enable the hepatic
      mitochondria to produce ATP, which interacts with the inner mitochondrial
      membrane to enhance oxidative phosphorylation by an autocatalytic mechanism.

PMID- 174547
TI  - Conversion of thyroxine into tri-iodothyronine by rat liver homogenate.
AB  - By using a highly specific radioimmunoassay the formation of tri-iodothyronine by
      the deiodination of thyroxine was studied in rat liver homogenate. Several
      observations suggest that the reaction observed is enzymic in nature. Pre-heating
      the homogenate for 30 min at 56 degrees C completely abolished conversion of
      thyroxine into tri-iodothyronine; the component of rat liver homogenate
      responsible could be saturated with substrate; iodotyrosines displayed
      competitive activity. Between 0 degrees and 37 degrees C, the tri-iodothyronine
      production rate was positively correlated with incubation temperature. The
      addition of NAD+ enhanced conversion into tri-iodothyronine, which suggests that
      an oxidative mechanism is involved. 5-Propyl-2-thiouracil and 6-propyl-2
      thiouracil, both known to prevent deiodination in vivo, greatly decreased the
      deiodiantion activity of rat liver homogenate.

PMID- 174549
TI  - Poly(glucosylglycerol phosphate) teichoic acid in the walls of Bacillus
      stearothermophilus B65.
AB  - 1. Walls of Bacillus stearothermophilus B65 contain a glycerol teichoic acid in
      which repeating structures consisting of 1-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylglycerol
      phosphate are held together by phosphodiester linkage between the glycerol and
      glucose moieties of adjacent units. 2. The walls are not agglutinated on
      incubation with concanavalin A, nor does the isolated teichoic acid form a
      precipitate with this lectin. 3. No evidence was obtained of the presence of the
      glucosylated (1 leads to 2)-poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid which has
      previously been reported to occur in walls of this bacterium.

PMID- 174548
TI  - Phosphomonoesterase hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides in rat kidney: Properties
      and subcellular localization of the enzyme system.
AB  - Tthe properties of diphosphoinositide and triphosphoinositide phosphatases from
      rat kidney homogenate were studied in an assay system in which non-specific
      phosphatase activity was eliminated. The enzymes were not completely metal-ion
      dependent and were activated by Mg2+. The detergent sodium deoxycholate, Triton X
      100 and Cutscum inhibited the reaction; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide only
      activated when added with the subtrates and in the presence Mg2+. Both enzymes
      had a pH optimum of 7.5. Ca2+ and Li+ both activated triphosphoinositide
      phosphatase, but Ca2+ inhibited and L+ had little effect on diphosphoinositide
      phosphatase. Cyclic AMP had no effect on either enzyme. The enzymes were three
      times more active in kidney cortex than in the medulla. On subcellular
      fractionation of kidney-cortex homogenates by differential and density-gradient
      centrifugation, the distribution of the enzymes resembled that of thiamin
      pyrophosphatase (assayed in the absence of ATP), suggesting localization in the
      Golgi complex. However, the distribution differed from that of the liver
      Golgimarker galactosyltransferase. Activities of both diphosphoinositide and
      triphosphoinositide phosphatases and thiamin pyrophosphatase were low in purified
      brush-border fragments. Further experiments indicate that at least part of the
      phosphatase activity is soluble.

PMID- 174550
TI  - A rapid NAD+-linked assay for microsomal uridine diphosphate
      glucuronyltransferase of rat liver and some observations on substrate specificity
      of the enzyme.
AB  - 1. A new and rapid continuous assay of rat liver microsomal UDP
      glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) has been developed. It is based on
      measurement of UDP production from UDP-glucuronate during the glucuronidation
      reaction; UDP production was continuously measured by coupling it to the
      conversion of NADH into NAD+ through pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase.
      This assay is independent of the acceptor substrate used; several findings
      confirm its applicability. 2. The glucuronidation rate of a series of phenol
      derivatives was determined with this assay, by using a Triton X-100-activated
      microsomal preparation as enzyme source. Conjugation of a series of nitrophenol
      derivatives was also investigated by the 'classical' assay (measurement of
      disappearance of the yellow colour of the nitrophenol during glucuronidation).
      The substrate with the highest conversion rate was 3-methyl-2-nitrophenol. 3.
      Both electron releasing and electron withdrawing ring substituents increased the
      glucuronidation rate of the phenol derivatives, as compared with phenol. 4. Lipid
      solubility seems important for determining the conversion rate: poorly lipid
      soluble substrates were glucuronidated only at a low rate and high lipid
      solubility seems to be a prerequisite for high conversion rate. Glucuronidation
      of poorly lipid-soluble compounds may be limited by diffusion. 5. The
      consequences of these findings for the interpretation of studies on heterogeneity
      of the enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 174551
TI  - Proteoglycans of hyaline cartilage: Electron-microscopic studies on isolated
      molecules.
AB  - Proteoglycan monomers from guinea-pig costal cartilage, bovine nasal and bovine
      tracheal cartilage were observed in the electron microscope after being spread in
      a monomolecular layer with cytochrome c. The proteoglycan molecule appeared as an
      extended central core filament to which side-chain filaments were attached at
      various intervals. The molecules from the three sources displayed great
      ultrastructural similarities. On average, the core filament was about 290 nm
      long, there were about 25 side-chain filaments per core filament, the side-chain
      filaments were about 45 nm long, and the distance between the attachment points
      of the side-chain filaments to the core filament was about 11 nm. With regard to
      the overall size of the molecules, no evidence of distinct subpopulations was
      obtained. Good correlation was found between ultrastructural data for the
      proteoglycan molecules and chemical data obtained by enzyme digestions and gel
      chromatography. Together these data strongly support the interpretation of the
      electron-microscopic pictures as indicating a central filament corresponding to
      the protein core and side-chain filaments corresponding to the chondroitin
      sulphate chain clusters of the proteoglycan monomers.

PMID- 174552
TI  - An improved method for purifying sialidase.
AB  - An adsorbent specific for sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18) was prepared by coupling a
      glycoprotein containing glycosidically linked sialic acid to Sepharose. This
      adsorbent does not display the non-specific adsorption that occurs in previously
      reported methods.

PMID- 174553
TI  - A temperature-jump study of the reaction between azurin and cytochrome c oxidase
      from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The electron-transfer reaction between azurin and the cytochrome oxidase from
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated by temperature-jump relaxation in the
      absence of O2 and in the presence of CO. The results show that: (i) reduced
      azurin exists in two forms in equilibrium, only one of which is capable of
      exchanging electrons with the Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, in agreement with
      M. T. Wilson, C. Greenwood, M. Brunori & E. Antonini (1975) (Biochem. J. 145, 449
      457); (ii) the electron transfer between azurin and Pseudomonas cytochrome
      oxidase occurs within a molecular complex of the two proteins; this internal
      transfer becomes rate-limiting at high reagent concentrations.

PMID- 174554
TI  - Adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent and plasma-membrane-associated
      protein kinase(s) from bovine corpus luteum.
AB  - Plasma-membrane fractions FI and FII isolated from bovine corpus luteum by
      discontinuous sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, at sucrose-density
      interfaces of 1.14/1.16 and 1.16/1.18 respectively, contained membrane-associated
      protein kinases that phosphorylated both the structural proteins of membranes as
      well as exogenously added protein substrates. Both fractions were characterized
      with respect to endogenous and exogenous protein substrate specificity, pH
      dependence, effect of bivalent metal ions and sensitivity toward cyclic
      nucleotides. These membrane-associated kinases showed an optimum pH of 6.0 and
      had an absolute requirement for bivalent metal ions such as Mg2+, Mn2+, or Co2+
      that cannot be replaced by Ca2+. Both the activities were stimulated two- to four
      fold by cyclic AMP in vitro with an apparent Km of 83 and 50 nM for fractions FI
      and FII respectively. Other cyclic 3':5'-nucleotides were effective only at
      higher concentrations, but even the most effective, cyclic IMP, showed a
      stimulation nearly an order of magnitude lower than that of cyclic AMP. In
      contrast, stimulation by cyclic dTMP and cyclic dAMP was very weak. Cyclic AMP
      showed no significant effect on the apparent Km value of both enzymes for histone
      and MgCl2 but it somewhat decreased the Km value for ATP. Nucleoside
      triphosphates like GTP, CTP and UTP inhibited the transfer of [32P]Pi from [gamma
      32P]ATP into mixed histone catalysed by membrane-associated kinases either in the
      presence or in the absence of cyclic AMP. In addition to protein kinases, these
      membrane fractions also possessed cyclic AMP-binding activities. The apparent
      association constant (Kalpha) for cyclic AMP binding was 1.0 X 10(10) and 2.6 X
      10(10) M for FI and FII membrane fractions respectively.

PMID- 174555
TI  - The investigation of substrate-induced changes in subunit interactions in
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases by measurement of the kinetics and
      thermodynamics of subunit exchange.
AB  - An investigation was made of changes in subunit interactions in glyceraldehyde 3
      phosphate dehydrogenase on binding NAD+, NADH and other substrates by using the
      previously developed method of measurement of rates and extent of subunit
      exchange between the rabbit enzyme (R4), yeast enzyme (Y4) and rabbit-yeast
      hybrid (R2Y2) [Osborne & Hollaway (1974) Biochem. J. 143, 651-662]. The free
      energy of activation for the conversion of tetramer into dimer for the rabbit
      enzyme (R4 leads to 2R2) is increased by at least 12kJ/mol in the presence of
      NAD+. This increase is interpreted in terms of an NAD+-induced 'tightening' of
      the tetrameric structure probably involving increased interaction at the subunit
      interfaces across the QR plane of the molecule [see Buehner et al. (1974) J. Mol.
      Biol. 82, 563-585]. This tightening of the structure only occurs on binding the
      third NAD+ molecule to a given enzyme molecule. Conversely, binding of NADH
      causes a decrease in the free energy of activation for the R4 leads to 2R2 and Y4
      leads to 2Y2 conversions by at least 10kJ/mol. This is interpreted as a NADH
      induced 'loosening' of the structures arising from decreased interactions across
      the subunit interfaces involving the QR dissociation plane. In the presence of
      NADH the increase in the rate of subunit exchange is such that it is not possible
      to separate the hybrid from the other species if electrophoresis is carried out
      with NADH in the separation media. In the presence of a mixture of NADH and NAD+
      the effect of NAD+ on subunit exchange is dominant. The results are discussed in
      terms of the known co-operativty between binding sites in glyceraldehyde 3
      phosphate dehydrogenases.

PMID- 174556
TI  - The reaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c oxidase with carbon monoxide.
AB  - The binding of CO to ascorbate-reduced Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase was
      investigated by static-titration, stopped-flow and flash-photolytic techniques.
      Static-titration data indicated that the binding process was non-stoicheiometric,
      with a Hill number of 1.44. Stopped-flow kinetics obtained on the binding of CO
      to reduced Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase were biphasic in form; the faster rate
      exhibited a linear dependence on CO concentration with a second-order rate
      constant of 2 X 10(4) M-1-s-1, whereas the slower reaction rapidly reached a
      pseudo-first-order rate limit at approx. 1s-1. The relative proportions of the
      two phases observed in stopped-flow experiments also showed a dependency on CO
      concentration, the slower phase increasing as the CO concentration decreased. The
      kinetics of CO recombination after flash-photolytic dissociation of the reduced
      Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase-CO complex were also biphasic in character, both
      phases showing a linear pseudo-first-order rate dependence on CO concentration.
      The second-order rate constants were determined as 3.6 X 10(4)M-1-s-1 and 1.6 X
      10(4)M-1-s-1 respectively. Again the relative proportions of the two phases
      varied with CO concentration, the slower phase predominating at low CO
      concentrations. CO dissociation from the enzyme-CO complex measured in the
      presence of O2 and NO indicated the presence of two rates, of the order of 0.03s
      1 and 0.15s-1. When sodium dithionite was used as a reducing agent for the
      Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, the CO-combination kinetics observed by both
      stopped flow and flash photolysis were extremely complex and not able to be
      simply analysed.

PMID- 174557
TI  - The reversible delipidation of a solubilized sodium-plus-potassium ion-dependent
      adenosine triphosphatase from the salt gland of the spiny dogfish.
AB  - A microsomal fraction rich in Na+, K+-ATPase (sodium-plus-potassium ion-dependent
      adenosine triphosphatase) and the corresponding K+-dependent p-nitrophenyl
      phosphatase from the rectal salt gland of the spiny dogfish was solubilized by
      treatment with deoxycholate at high ionic strength. On gel filtration through
      Sepharose 6B, the ATPase apoenzyme could be separated, in apparently soluble
      form, from the tissue-fraction phospholipids and was almost free of enzymic
      activity (2% of the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity and 0.2% of the ATPase
      activity being recovered). On mixing the apoenzyme with an activator consisting
      of cooked ox brain, a large proportion of the original enzymic activity was
      obtained. Specific activities of the re-activated enzyme were somewhat higher
      than in the material before gel filtration: values of 1300-1450 mumol and 250-290
      mumol/h per mg of protein were obtained for the hydrolysis of ATP and of p
      nitrophenyl phosphate respectively. The activity was inhibitible by ouabain.

PMID- 174560
TI  - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism with diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

PMID- 174558
TI  - Physicochemical characterization of the four-iron-four-sulphide ferredoxin from
      Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - 1. A stable ferredoxin was prepared from Bacillus stearothermophilus and purified
      by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and by electrophoresis. 2. The minimum
      molecular weight determined from the amino acid composition was about 7900 and
      this was in reasonable agreement with a value of 8500 determined by
      polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The ferredoxin contained four iron atoms and
      four labile sulphide groups per molecule. 3. The optical absorption, optical
      rotatory-dispersion and circular-dichroism spectra are typical of ferredoxins
      containing 4Fe-4S clusters. 4. Oxidation-reduction titrations, combined with
      electron-paramagnetic-resonance (e.p.r.) spectroscopy, showed that the protein
      has a mid-point potential, at pH8, of -280 +/- 10mV, and that only one electron
      accepting paramagnetic species is present. 5. The e.p.r. spectrum of the reduced
      ferredoxin is more readily saturated with microwave power at low temperatures
      than those of the eight-iron ferredoxins, indicating that there is another
      mechanism of electron-spin relaxation in the latter. 6. Mossbauer spectra of both
      redox states were observed over a range of temperatures and in magnetic fields.
      At high temperatures (77 degrees K and above) both redox states appear as
      quadrupole-split doublets; in the reduced state two resolved doublets are seen,
      suggesting appreciable localization of the additional reducing electron. 7. The
      average chemical shift indicates formal valences of two Fe3+ and two Fe2+ in the
      oxidized state and three Fe2+ and one Fe3+ in the reduced state. However, the
      spectra indicate that there are differing degrees of electron delocalization over
      the iron atoms. 8. At low temperatures (4.2 degrees K) the oxidized form shows no
      hyperfine magnetic interaction, even in an applied magnetic field, evidence that
      the oxidized ferredoxin is in a non-magnetic state as a result of
      antiferromagnetic coupling between the iron atoms. 9. At 4.2 degrees K the
      reduced form shows a broad asymmetric pattern resulting from magnetic hyperfine
      interaction. This contrasts with the reduced ferredoxin of Clostridium
      pasteurianum, which shows a doublet, suggesting that in the latter there may be
      interaction between the two 4Fe-4S centres. 10. In large applied magnetic fields,
      positive and negative hyperfine fields are seen in the Mossbauer spectra of the
      reduced ferredoxin, evidence for antiferromagnetic coupling between the iron
      atoms in the 4Fe-4S centre. The high-field spectra of the reduced ferredoxin of
      B. stearothermophilus are similar to those of the reduced ferredoxin of C.
      pasteurianum.

PMID- 174559
TI  - Initiation factors in protein synthesis by free and membrane-bound polyribosomes
      of liver and hepatoma.
AB  - The activity of initiation factors obtained from free and membrane-bound
      polyribosomes of liver and of transplantable H5123 hepatoma of rats was
      investigated by using an assay of protein synthesis in vitro in which poly (U)
      directed polyphenylalanine synthesis was measured. Initiation factors of membrane
      bound polyribosomes prepared by using the anionic detergent deoxycholate
      exhibited less activity in incorporating [14C]phenylalanyltRNA into polypetides
      than did initiation factors of free polyribosomes. However, when membrane-bound
      polyribosomes were prepared after using the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100, no
      significant differences in activities in polyphenylalanine synthesis were
      observed between the initiation factors of free and membrane-bound polyribosomes.
      These results suggest that Triton X-100 is preferable to deoxycholate in the
      isolation of of initiation factors from polyribosomes. Initiation factors,
      prepared by using Triton X-100, of free polyribosomes of hepatoma exhibited
      greater activity in the stimulation of polyphenylalanine synthesis than did the
      initiation factors of free or membrane-bound polyribosomes of host livers or of
      membrane-bound polyribosomes of hepatomas.

PMID- 174561
TI  - The effect of cyclic AMP and prostaglandins on the fibrinolytic activity of mouse
      neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 174562
TI  - Iodination of zeta protein by lactoperoxidase. Chloroperoxidase and chloramine T.

PMID- 174564
TI  - Magnesium-dependent sphingomyelinase.

PMID- 174565
TI  - Evidence for mobility of immunoglobulin domains obtained by spin-label method.

PMID- 174563
TI  - Coordinated, coenzyme Q reversible, 2,5-dibromothymoquionine inhibition of
      electron transport and ATPase in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 174566
TI  - Kinetic properties of pyruvate kinase isolated from rat hepatic tumours.

PMID- 174567
TI  - Membrane prosphatase activity in somatic cell hybrids.

PMID- 174569
TI  - The unique identity of rat hepatoma phenylalanine hydroxylase.

PMID- 174568
TI  - Effect of cytochalasin B on the oxidative metabolism of human peripheral blood
      granulocytes.

PMID- 174570
TI  - Release of euchromatic segments by Mg/Ca-dependent autodigestion of chromatin.

PMID- 174571
TI  - On the therapeutic use of nucleosides and the penetrability of phosphorylated
      compounds.

PMID- 174572
TI  - The influence of some acetylcholine-receptor activating and blocking agents on
      the esteratic site of acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 174573
TI  - Calcium and papaverine interaction with soluble cardiac phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 174574
TI  - ATP-induced changes in microsomal Mg2+ levels and relationship to muscle
      contraction in isolated guinea-pig ileum.

PMID- 174575
TI  - CAMP dependent and cAMP independent alterations of lung hemodynamic in the pig.

PMID- 174701
TI  - [Severe mixed immunodeficiency. Report of a case].
AB  - The case of a 3 month old child with severe combined sex linked immunodeficiency
      is presented. The diagnosis was well doccumented, during his life. The child
      presented as a case of mucocutaneous moniliasis resistant to treatment. There was
      a history of similar cases in the family; diagnosis was made at post-mortem in
      one cousin and death occurred at early age in all kins so affected. Blood marrow
      transplant was not feasible in our case because histocompatibility was lacking in
      the kins studied. Three units of transfer factor were given as well as
      hyperimmune plasma but the child died in respiratory failure. Autopsy
      demonstrated pulmonary infection by Pneumocystic carinii and generalized
      citomegalic inclussion virus infection; almost complete absence of immune tissue
      was also demonstrated.

PMID- 174702
TI  - [Intraspinal tumors in children. Review of 24 cases].
AB  - The clinical cases of 24 patients with intraspinal neoplasms seen at the
      Neurology and Neurosurgery ward of the Hospital del Nino IMAN, in a period of
      four and a half years are reviewed. The majority of our cases were diagnosed as
      suffering from tumors of embryological origin like teratomas, dermoid cysts and
      neuroblastomas. The signs and symptoms were reviewed, noting the importance of
      weakness of the lower extremities, the alteration in reflexes and sensitivity as
      well as back pain. We emphasize the great help of the X ray examination  of the
      spinal colum, both plain and with contrast media. The treatment that our patients
      underwent was reviewed and the results were evaluated, pointing out the fact that
      life prognosis is related to malignancy of the lesions and the neurological
      sequelae are intimatly related with the early diagnosis and treatment of this
      type of lesions.

PMID- 174703
TI  - Functional and enzymatic characteristics of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from
      tumor-bearing mice.

PMID- 174704
TI  - Electron spin resonance study of changes during the development of a mouse
      myeloid leukaemia. II. The ascorbyl radical.
AB  - The ascorbyl radical concentration has been observed, by means of electron spin
      resonance spectroscopy, in the blood, spleen and liver of RF/J female mice
      throughout the development of a myeloid leukaemia. Changes in the concentration
      of the radical were detectable from an early stage in the disease and did not
      appear to be directly due to the leukaemic cells but could possibly be due to a
      reaction against them. Changes in the concentration of the paramagnetic metal
      ions during the leukaemia have been reported previously and it was found that
      changes in some of these species correlated with changes in the ascorbyl radical
      concentration.

PMID- 174705
TI  - Murine leukaemia virus expression in the AKR following thymectomy.
AB  - Thymectomy effectively prevents the development of spontaneous lymphoma in the
      AKR but how this effect is achieved remains to be determined. One possible
      mechanism, namely suppression of genomic expression of the oncogenic murine
      leukaemia virus now seems unlikely since levels of the group specific MuLV
      antigen were in comparision with their sham operated controls unaltered in both
      neonatally and adult thymectomized AKR.

PMID- 174706
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin levels in primary liver cancer: relationship to underlying
      cirrhosis and hepatitis-B (surface) antigenaemia.
AB  - Serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels were measured by the single radial diffusion method
      in 107 South African Negro patients with primary hepatocellular cancer (PHC) and
      112 healthy Negro blood donors. The mean serum IgG ANd IgM concentrations were
      significantly higher (P less than 0-001) in the PHC patients. In those patients
      in whom PHC was associated with cirrhosis, the serum IgG level was greater (P
      less than 0-02) than in those without cirrhosis. However, the mean serum IgG
      concentration in the non-cirrhotic cancer patients was still significantly higher
      than the control value (P less than 0-001). Thus, while cirrhosis may contribute
      to the raised IgG levels in PHC, other factors must also be involved. There was
      no difference in the serum immunoglobulin concentrations in PHC patients with and
      without hepatitis-B antigenaemia.

PMID- 174707
TI  - The leucocyte adherence inhibtion test in cancer of the large bowel.
AB  - A recently introduced assay of cell mediated immunity and humoral inhibitory
      factors has been evaluated in colorectal cancer patients. Using a perchloric acid
      extract of adenocarcinoma of the large bowel as antigen, 16/27 patients with
      colorectal cancer had significant cellular reactivity when their separated
      peripheral leucocytes were tested in homologous AB serum. In autologous serum
      only 7/27 had significant reactivity; 6/20 patients with a variety of other
      malignancies showed sensitization  to the colorectal antigen preparation. It is
      concluded that the leucocyte adherence inhibiton test may offer a simple method
      of assaying for serum blocking factors in sequential studies but will be of
      little value in the diagnosis of large bowel cancer.

PMID- 174709
TI  - The role of microsomal hydroxylases in the modification of chloroform
      hepatotoxicity in rats.
AB  - Male rats have a greater microsomal amidopyrine N-demethylase activity per unit
      weight of liver, a shorter hexobarbitone sleeping time and are more susceptible
      to the hepatotoxic effect of chloroform than female rats. Phenobarbitone sodium,
      phenylbutazone and DDT induce microsomal amidopyrine N-demethylase in the liver
      of the male rat and reduce hexobarbitone sleeping time. Chlorpromazine is less
      effective in this respect. Phenobarbitone, phenylbutazone and, to a lesser
      extent, chlorpromazine potentiate the hepatotoxic effect of chloroform in male
      rats. SKF 525A, sodium diethyl-dithiocarbamate and carbon disulphide increase
      hexabarbitone sleeping time in male rats and protect to varying degrees against
      the hepatotoxic effect of chloroform.

PMID- 174708
TI  - The activities of some polycyclic hydrocarbons and their "K region" epoxides in
      an in vitro-in vivo carcinogenicity test system.
AB  - Benz(a)anthracene, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, dibenz(a)anthracene and
      benzo(a)pyrene and their related "K region" epoxides were tested for carcinogenic
      activities using a system in which mouse lung tissue was incubated in the
      presence of the test compound for 30 min and then implanted into isologous mice.
      Only 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene showed any marked carcinogenic activity under
      the conditions used, but all the compounds tested produced extensive
      proliferative outgrowths in the implanted tissues that may represent specific
      responses to the carcinogens.

PMID- 174710
TI  - The surface properties of the lung in rats with alveolar lipo-proteinosis.
AB  - The physical behaviour of the intact lungs and of lung extracts from rats
      affected by alveolar lipo-proteinsosis as a consequence of silica inhalation, was
      studied by means of pressure volume relations and surface tension area loops. Air
      inflation of diseased lungs occurred at a lower pressure and collapse was less on
      deflation than in control specimens, although there appeared to be little change
      in elastic forces. When saline was used dusted rat lungs showed at higher lung
      volumes a peculiar hysteresis effect which is attributable to consolidation of
      alveoli by the lipid material. Extracts from affected lungs showed differences
      from controls in respect of maximum and minimum surface tensions and stability
      index but all the values fell within the accepted limits of normal. However, with
      extracts from pathological lungs the area of the hysteresis loop increased, the
      shape of the surface tension area curve was abnormal and the percentage
      compression required to reduce the surface tension to 120 muN/cm fell. Extracts
      from diseased lungs depressed the maximum surface tension of normal lung extracts
      and increased the hysteresis area but had little effect on the minimum tension,
      the stability index or the % compression to achieve 120 muN/cm. The response was
      thus mainly that of an extract from a dusted rat. The surface activity of
      phospholipids may be affected by neutral lipid, cholesterol and the products of
      cell breakdown, all of which occur in the alveolar material. The occurrence
      within the same lung of compunds which reduce surface tension and others which
      modify the same lung of compounds which reduce surface tension and others which
      modify this property suggests that their relative concentrations may determine
      the overall effectiveness of the lung lining.

PMID- 174711
TI  - The significance of plasma lipoproteins on erythrocyte aggregation and
      sedimentation.
AB  - Increased erythrocyte aggregation can be induced by high concentrations of human
      lipoproteins. The dependence of aggregate formation on lipoprotein concentration
      was recorded by determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), by
      electrical measurement of the erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI) and by scanning
      electron microscopy. The lipoprotein concentrations necessary to induce a
      significantly increased ESR in an otherwise normal human plasma are much too high
      to be encountered in physiologic or even severe pathologic states. Therefore
      hyperlipoproteinaemia by itself cannot explain a raised ESR. In cases where the
      ESR is raised due to the presence of increased amounts of other erythrocyte
      aggregating plasma proteins (agglomerins), hyperlipoproteinaemia can contribute
      to a limited extent to the increase in ESR. The possible pathophysiological
      significance of the demonstrated erythrocyte aggregating capacity of human
      lipoproteins in a microvascular environment is noted.

PMID- 174712
TI  - A comparison of membrane glycoconjugates from mouse cells transformed by murine
      and primate RNA sarcoma viruses.
AB  - Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV) transformed Balb/eT3 mouse cells (K-Balb)
      were found to have altered membrane glycoconjugates compared to normal Balb/3T3
      cells. There were reduced amounts of mono- and disialogangliosides, GM1 and GD1a,
      and activity of the specific galactosyltransferase required for synthesis of
      these gangliosides was reduced to between 0 and 18.5% of normal in the several K
      Balb clones examined. When fucose-labeled glycopeptides derived from the surfaces
      of Balb/3T3 and K-Balb cells were compared by gel filtration chromatography, the
      glycopeptides from the transformed cells were enriched in earlier eluting
      components. These differences were also observed when the glycopeptides were
      derived from the entire cell and were diminished when the surface or cellular
      glycopeptides from Balb/3T3 and K-Balb were digested with neuraminidase prior to
      chromatographic analysis. Changes in these membrane sialoglycolipids and
      sialoglycopeptides were not influenced by Rauscher leukemia virus infection. In
      marked contrast, these changes in membrane glycoconjugates were not observed in
      Wooley monkey sarcoma virus (WSV) transformed Balb/3T3 cells (W-Balb). Although W
      Balb cells like K-Balb were transformed by tissue culture criteria, their
      ganglioside composition, galactosyltransferase activity, and glycopeptide
      patterns were similar to normal Balb/3T3. These findings have potential
      implications concerning the role of these complex carbohydrates in the phenotypic
      alterations of transformed cells.

PMID- 174713
TI  - 2' Derivatives of guanosine and inosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphates. Synthesis,
      enzymic activity, and the effect of 8-substituents.
AB  - A series of representative derivatives of guanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate (cGMP)
      and inosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate (cIMP) which contained modifications in either
      the 2' position or the 8 and 2' positions were synthesized. Three types of
      derivatives were investigated: (1) derivatives in which the 2' position has been
      altered to produce a 2'-deoxynucleoside cyclic 3',5'-phosphate or a 9-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylpurine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate; (2) 2'-omicron-acyl derivatives;
      and (3) doubly modified derivatives containing a 2' modification [as in (1) and
      (2)] and an 8-substitution. 2'-Deoxyinosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate and 9-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate were obtained by HNO2
      deamination of 2'-deoxyadenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate and 9-beta-D
      arabinofuranosyladenine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate (ara-cAMP), respectively.
      Treatment of 8-bromo-2'-omicron-(p-toluenesulfonyl) adenosine cyclic 3',5'
      phosphate with NaSH yielded the intermediate 8,2'-anhydro-9-beta-D
      arabinofuranosyl-8-mercaptoadenine cyclic 3',5-phosphate, which was converted
      directly to 2'-deoxyadenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate (dcAMP) by treatment with
      Raney nickel. 8-Bromo-2'-omicron-(p-toluenesulfonyl) guanosine cyclic 3',5'
      phosphate was converted to 8,2'-anhydro-9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-8
      mercaptoguanine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate, and the latter was desulfurized with
      Raney nickel to give 2-deoxyguanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate. Ara-cAMP, 9-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylguanine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate, and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-8
      mercaptoguanine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate have been previously reported (Mian et al.
      (1974), J. Med. Chem. 17, 259). 8-Bromo-2'-omicron-acetylinosine cyclic 3',5'
      phosphate and 8-[(p-chlorophenyl)thio]-2'-omicron-acetylinosine cyclic 3',5'
      phosphate were produced by acylation of 8-bromoinosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate and
      8-[(p-chlorophenyl)thio]inosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate, respectively; while 8
      bromo-2'-omicron-butyrylguanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate was synthesized by
      bromination of 2'-omicron-butyrylguanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate.

PMID- 174714
TI  - Magnetic resonance studies of the proximity and spatial arrangement of propionyl
      coenzyme A and pyruvate on a biotin-metalloenzyme, transcarboxylase.
AB  - A spin-labeled ester of CoA, R-CoA (3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrolidinyl-1
      oxy CoA thioester), has been shown by competition studies using electron
      paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to bind
      specifically to the propionyl-CoA binding sites of transcarboxylase. Titrations
      indicate 0.7 +/- 0.2 binding site for R-CoA per enzyme-bound biotin with a
      dissociation constant of 0.33 +/- 0.12 mM. Propionyl-CoA binds to this site with
      a 1.3-fold lower disonable agreement with kinetically determined inhibitor
      constants of CoA and propionyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA (D. B. Northrop (1969), J.
      Biol. Chem. 244, 5808). The bit of this spin-label on 1/T1 of water protons. The
      formation of a ternary transcarboxylase-R-CoA-pyruvate complex is suggested by
      the failure of pyruvate to displace R-CoA from the tight site and is established
      by the paramagnetic effects of enzyme-bound R-CoA on the relaxation rates of the
      protons and 13C atoms of enzyme-bound pyruvate. From the paramagnetic effects of
      R-CoA on the relaxation rates of the methyl protons of pyruvate at 40.5 and 100
      MHz, and on the 13C-enriched carbonyl and carboxyl carbon atoms of pyruvate at
      25.1 MHz, a correlation time of 7 nsec and distances from the bound nitroxide
      radical to the methyl protons, the carbonyl, and carboxyl carbon atoms of bound
      pyruvate of 7.9 +/- 0.7, 10.3 +/- 0.8, and 12.1 +/- 0.9 A, respectively, are
      calculated. These distances establish the close proximity of the CoA ester and
      keto acid sites on transcarboxylase. Together with the previously determined
      distances from the enzyme-bound (Co(II) to the methyl protons and 2 carbon atoms
      of bound pyruvate and to 12 protons and 3 phosphorus atoms of bound propionyl
      CoA, the present distances are used to derive a composite model of the bound
      substrates in the overall transcarboxylation reaction. In this model the distance
      from the methyl carbon of pyruvate and the methylene carbon of propionyl-CoA,
      between which the carboxyl transfer takes place is only approximately 7 A.
      Depending on the detailed mechanism of the carboxyl transfer, the distance
      through which the carboxybiotin must migrate is therefore between 0 and 7 A.
      Hence the major role of the 14-A arm of carboxybiotin is not to permit a large
      carboxyl migration but, rather to permit carboxybiotin to traverse the gap which
      occurs at the interface of three subunits and to insinuate itself between the CoA
      and keto acid sites.

PMID- 174715
TI  - 5'-Terminal and internal methylated nucleotide sequences in HeLa cell mRNA.
AB  - The 5'-terminal oligonucleotides m7G(5')ppp(5')NmpNp and m7G(5')ppp(5')NmpNmpNp
      were isolated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography after enzymatic digestion
      of 32P- or methyl-3H-labeled poly(A)" HeLa cell mRNA. The recovery of such
      oligonucleotides indicated that a high percentage of mRNA has blocked termini.
      The dimethylated nucleoside, N6, O2'-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), as well as the
      four common 2'-O-methylribonucleosides (Gm, Am, Um, Cm) were present in the
      second position linked through the triphosphate bridge to 7-methylguanosine (m7G)
      whereas little m6Am was in the third position. The only internal methylated
      nucleoside, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), was found exclusively as m6ApC and Apm6ApC
      after digestion with RNase A, T1, and alkaline phosphatase. Digestion with RNase
      A and alkaline phat pyrimidines are present in much smaller amounts or absent
      from this position. These results imply a considerable sequence specificity since
      there are thousands of different mRNA species in HeLa cells. Our studies are
      consistent with the following model of HeLa cell mRNA in which Nm may be m6Am,
      Gm, Cm, Um, or Am and one or more m6A residues are present at an unspecified
      internal location: m7G(5')ppp(5')Nm-(Nm)---(G or A)-m6A-C---(A)100-200A.

PMID- 174716
TI  - Nucleotide clusters in deoxyribonucleic acids. Comparison of the sequences of the
      large pyrimidine oligonucleotides of bacteriophages S13 and phiX174
      deoxyribonucleic acids.
AB  - The large pyrimidine oligonucleotides from the DNAs of the two related
      bacteriophages phiX174 and S13 have been sequenced. The largest pyrimidine
      oligonucleotide present is unique to S13 DNA and is the undecanucleotide C5T6,
      sequence C-T-T-C-C-T-C-T-T-C-T. Considerable sequence homology has been found
      between the pyrimidine oligonucleotides of the two phage DNAs. Out of 14
      oligonucleotide sequences from S13 DNA (120 bases) at least ten are identical
      with sequences of oligonucleotides from phiX174 DNA (92 bases) and two are
      closely related (17 bases), the only difference being a single thymine to
      cytosine transition in each sequence (a total of 107 identical bases). The
      pyrimidine oligonucleotides of each phage DNA show extensive internal sequence
      homology among each other with up to eight bases identical in sequence in pairs
      of different oligonucleotides. Another interesting observation is the occurrence
      of symmetrical sequences (true palindromes) which read the same forwards as
      backwards. The longest symmetrical sequence is the nonanucleotide C4T5 sequence,
      C-T-C-T-T-T-C-T-C, present in both S13 and phiX174 DNAs. The extensive sequence
      homology observed between the pyrimidine oligonucleotides of S13 and phiX174
      supports the close relationship of the two phages and provides further evidence
      that they were derived from recent common ancestors.

PMID- 174717
TI  - Synchronous digestion of SV40 DNA by exonuclease III.
AB  - We have established an optimal condition for the synchronous digestion of SV40
      DNA with Escherichia coli exonuclease III. Electron microscopy and polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis were used to obtain accurate measurements on the lengths of
      DNA before and after exonuclease III digestion. Based on this finding, a new
      method for determining the sequence of long duplex DNA can be realized. It
      involves (a) the synchronous digestion of the DNA from the 3' ends with
      exonuclease III, followed by (b) repair synthesis with labeled nucleotides and
      DNA polymerase, and (c) sequence analysis of the repaired DNA.

PMID- 174718
TI  - Conformational equilibria accompanying the electron transfer between cytochrome c
      (P551) and azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AB  - The redox reaction between cytochrome c (Cyt c) (P-551) and the blue copper
      protein azurin, both from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was studied using the
      temperature-jump technique. Two relaxation times were observed in a mechanism
      assumed to involve three equilibria. The fast relaxation time (0.4 less than tau
      less than 8 ms) was ascribed to the electron exchange step. The slow relaxation
      time (tau congruent to 37 ms) was assigned to a conformational equilibrium of the
      reduced azurin that was coupled through the electron exchange step to a faster
      conformational equilibrium of the oxidized Cyt c (P551). But because the Cyt c
      (P551) isomerization, being very rapid, was uncoupled from the two slower
      equilibria, and was assumed to involve no spectral change, the amplitude of its
      relaxation time (tau congruent to 0.1 ms) would be zero. At 25 degrees C and pH
      7.0 the rate constants for the oxidation and reduction of Cyt c (P551) by azurin
      were 6.1 X 10(6) and 7.8 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, respectively; for the formation and
      disappearance of the reactive conformational isomer of azurin they were 12 and 17
      s-1, respectively. The rates for the Cyt c (P551) isomerization could only be
      estimated at approximately 10(4) s-1. The thermodynamic parameters of each
      reaction step were evaluated from the amplitudes of the relaxations and from
      Eyring plots of the rate constants. Measurements of the overall equilibrium
      constant showed it to be temperature independent (5-35 degrees C), i.e. deltaHtot
      = 0. This zero enthalpy change was found to be compatible with the enthalpies
      calculated for the individual steps. In the electron exchange equilibrium, the
      values of the activation enthalpies were two to three times higher than the
      values published for various low molecular weight reagents in their electron
      exchange with copper proteins, yet the rate of exchange between Cyt c (P551) and
      azurin was some hundreds of times faster. This was explained in terms of the
      measured positive or zero entropies of activation that could result from a high
      level of specificity between the proteins particularly in areas of complementary
      charges. The mechanism of electron transfer was considered as essentially an
      outer sphere reaction, of which the rate could be approximated by the Marcus
      theory.

PMID- 174719
TI  - Cleavage of Type II and III collagens with mammalian collagenase: site of
      cleavage and primary structure at the NH2-terminal portion of the smaller
      fragment released from both collagens.
AB  - Collagenase cleavage of human Type II and III collagens has been studied using a
      highly purified preparation of rabbit tumor collagenase. Progress of the
      reactions in solution was followed by viscometry and the results indicated that
      under the conditions employed Type III collagen molecules were cleaved at
      approximately five times the rate of Type II molecules. Cleavage products of the
      reactions were isolated in denatured form by agarose molecular sieve
      chromatography. The molecular weights and amino acid compositions of the products
      demonstrated that Type II and III molecules had been cleaved at the
      characteristic three-quarter, one-quarter locus, giving rise to a large fragment
      derived from the NH2-terminal portion of the molecule and a smaller fragment
      representing the COOH-terminal region. The amino acid sequence at the NH2
      terminal portion of the smaller fragment derived from Type II collagen was
      determined to be Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln-Arg, and the corresponding region from Type III
      collagen was found to have the sequence Leu-Ala Gly-Leu-Arg. These sequences for
      alpha1(II) and alpha1(III) chains adjacent to the site of collagenase cleavage
      along with previous data for alpha1(I) and alpha2 chains indicate that the
      minimum specific sequence required for collagenase cleavage is Gly-Ile-Ala or Gly
      Leu-Ala. Inspection of the available sequence data for collagen alpha chains
      indicates that the latter sequences are found in at least three additional
      locations at which collagenase cleavage does not occur. Each of the sequences
      which are apparently not substrates for collagenase, however, are followed by a
      Gly-X-Hyp sequence. We suggest, then, that a minimum of five residues in collagen
      alpha chains COOH-terminal to the cleavage site comprise the substrate
      recognition site.

PMID- 174720
TI  - Translation of collagen messenger RNA in a cell-free system derived from wheat
      germ.
AB  - A cell-free system for synthesizing protein from wheat germ was used to translate
      the messenger RNA extracted from 16-day embryonic chick calvaria. A part of the
      product had properties similar to collagenous peptides and served as a substrate
      for prolyl hydroxylase, an enzyme specific for collagen. The level of potassium
      was critical for the synthesis of high molecular weight products with properties
      similar to pro-alpha-chains. The potassium concentration for optimal protein
      synthesis, as judged by maximum incorporation of [3H]proline into acid
      precipitable material, was considerably lower than the concentration required for
      the synthesis of high molecular weight collagenous peptides.

PMID- 174721
TI  - Subunit dissociation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Fluorescence polarization studies of porcine mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase
      labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate or fluorescamine indicated a
      concentration-dependent dissociation of the dimeric molecule with a KD OF 2 X
      10(7) N at pH 8.0. These results were confirmed by the concentration dependence
      of the stability of the enzyme at elevated temperatures and the creation of
      hybrid molecules with fluorescein and Rhodamine B labeled subunits, in which
      energy transfer was observed. The binding of NADH resulted in a small shift of
      the subunit dissociation curve toward monomer, demonstrating that monomer has
      twice the affinity for reduced coenzyme. NAD+ binding prevented dissociation of
      the dimer, even at concentrations below 10(-8) N. These results indicate that
      binding of reduced or oxidized coenzymes results in different conformation
      changes, which are transferred to the subunit interface.

PMID- 174722
TI  - Estrogen receptors in the rat uterus. Retention of hormone-receptor complexes.
AB  - The retention pattern and biochemical characteristics of estrogen receptors in
      the nuclei of uterine cells were studied as a function of time after the in vivo
      injection of estradiol (E2) to immature female rats. One hour after the injection
      of 0.1 mug of tritiated E2, approximately 0.20 pmol per uterus of receptor bound
      hormone is retained in uterine nuclei. This dose of E2 produces a maximal
      uterotrophic response. Six hours after E2 administration, uterine nuclei retain
      0.04-0.08 pmol of hormone per uterus. Hormone receptor complexes extracted from
      uterine nuclei 1, 3, and 6 h after in vivo injection of hormone have similar
      structural and binding characteristics. Receptors extracted at all three times
      sediment at 5S in high salt gradients and have a dissociation binding constant of
      approximately 3 nM for E2. The wash-out curves of receptors as a function of salt
      concentration are identical for uterine nuclei from animals treated for 1 or 6 h
      with estradiol, suggesting that the nature of the nuclear binding of receptors is
      not altered during this time interval. Experiments utilizing the injection of
      unlabeled estradiol, followed by an in vitro exchange procedure with tritiated
      estradiol, indicated that the total nuclear estrogen receptor sites, i.e., filled
      and vacant, decreased similarly.

PMID- 174723
TI  - Chemical modification of the tryptophan residue in adrenocorticotropin.
AB  - The single tryptophan residue in the pituitary hormone adrenocorticotropin was
      modified selectively by reaction with a variety of substituted o
      nitrophenylsulfenyl chlorides. In addition to quantitative modification of the
      tryptophan residue, the reaction invariably resulted in partial oxidation of the
      methionine residue to the sulfoxide. The methionine sulfoxide derivative could be
      separated from the desired product by partition chromatography on Sephadex G-50
      in the solvent system 1-butanol-pyridine-0.1% acetic acid (5:3:11). Thus, the 2,4
      dinitrophenylsulfenyl, 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenylsulfenyl, and 2-nitro-4
      carbamidophenylsulfenyl derivatives of adrenocorticotropin were prepared and
      characterized. Modifications in the isolation of adrenocorticotropin from ovine
      pituitaries are also described. The melanocyte stimulating activities of the
      native hormone and the analogues are discussed.

PMID- 174724
TI  - Preparation of radioiodinated simian virus 40 DNA for use in DNA - DNA
      reassociation kinetics experiments.
AB  - A method is described for the preparation of 125I-labelled SV40 DNA. Using this
      method, SV40 DNA can be routinely labelled to 15 - 10(6) dpm per mug; much higher
      specific activities are easily obtained by minor modifications of the method.
      Once incorporated, the radioactive label dissociates from DNA exceedingly slowly
      at 4 degrees C or at 68 degrees C. Iodinated SV40 DNA is shown to be useful in
      the quantitation of viral nucleic acid sequences in SV40-transformed 3T3 cells by
      DNA - DNA reassociation kinetics.

PMID- 174725
TI  - Partial purification and properties of a DNA-binding protein from nuclei of cells
      infected with polyoma virus.
AB  - A DNA-binding protein has been purified from nuclei of 3T3 cells infected with
      polyoma virus. The assay used to detect this activity measures the amount of
      double-stranded DNA retained on a nitrocellulose membrane filter in the presence
      of binding protein. The interaction between DNA and protein is salt dependent and
      occurs optimally at 0.8 M NaCl. The isolated protein can bind to both circular
      and linear duplex DNA. Incubation of the binding protein with PM2 or polyoma DNA
      results in the formation of a fast sedimenting DNA structure in neutral sucrose
      gradients. The isolated binding protein is also capable of producing a
      considerable stimulation of both Escherichia coli (Pol I) and T4 DNA polymerase
      activities when either single-stranded or intact, native T7 DNA is used as the
      template. The binding protein itself is free of detectable DNA polymerase or
      nuclease activity.

PMID- 174726
TI  - Early androgen action in kidney of normal and androgen-insensitive (tfm/y) mice.
      Changes in RNA polymerase and chromatin template activities.
AB  - Intranuclear accumulation of testosterone was compared with early changes in
      transcriptional events in kidneys from normal female and androgen-insensitive
      (tfm/y) mice. Following a subcutaneous injection of [3H] testosterone, total
      nuclear uptake of the steroid was maximal at 30 min and declined to about 40% of
      the peak value by 4 h after hormone administration. After a single subcutaneous
      dose of testosterone, RNA polymerase activity assayed in intact nuclei in the
      presence of Mg2+ and alpha-amanitin (nucleolar RNA polymerase I), as well as the
      enzyme activity sensitive to low concentration of the toxin (nucleoplasmic RNA
      polymerase II), increased within 15 min and attained peak values at 2 and 1 h,
      respectively. The activity of both polymerases declined almost to the control
      level by 4 h and then increased again with a second peak at 20 and 12 h for RNA
      polymerase I and II, respectively. Similarly, the template capacity of mouse
      kidney chromatin, as measured with mammalian RNA polymerase II, increased by 15
      min, reached a peak at 1 h and returned to control level by 4 h following hormone
      treatment. A second dose of testosterone given at the nadir (4 h) was not capable
      of stimulating renal chromatin template activity significantly as compared to the
      effect observed after the initial hormone treatment. Contrary to the testosterone
      stimulated changes in transcriptional events observed in normal female mice,
      androgens elicited no response in androgen-insensitive tfm/y mice, animals
      lacking cytosol androgen receptors. These results strongly support the contention
      that hormone-specific receptors are obligatory to steroid-mediated modifications
      in gene transcription.

PMID- 174727
TI  - Interactions of proteins and cholesterol with lipids in bilayer membranes.
AB  - Mixtures of lipids and protein, the ATPase from rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum,
      were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy and by measurement of the
      amount of fluid lipid with the spin label 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
      (TEM-PO). In dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles the protein molecules were
      randomly distributed above the transition temperature, Tt, of the lipid and
      aggregated below Tt. For mixtures of dimyristoyl and dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine the existence of fluid and solid domains were shown in the
      temperature interval predicted from earlier TEMPO measurements. When protein was
      incorporated into this lipid mixture, freeze-fracture particles were randomly
      distributed in fluid lipids, or aggregated when only solid  lipids were present.
      In mixtures of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine with cholesterol the protein was
      distributed randomly above the transition temperature of the phosphatidylcholine.
      Below that transition temperature the protein was excluded from a banded phase of
      solid lipid in the case of 10 mol% cholesterol. In mixtures containing 20 mol%
      cholesterol, protein molecules formed linear arrays, 50-200 nm in length, around
      smooth patches of lipid. Phase diagrams for lipid/cholesterol and lipid/protein
      systems are proposed which account for many of the available data. A model for
      increasing solidification of lipid around protein molecules or cholesterol above
      the transition temperature of the lipid is discussed.

PMID- 174728
TI  - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance of Acholeplasma laidlawii cell membranes
      and derived liposomes.
AB  - 1. The 129 MHz 31P-NMR spectrum of Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes is very
      similar to the spectrum of the derived liposomes and is a typical "solid state"
      spectrum in which the major contribution to the linewidth is made by the chemical
      shift anisotropy. From the value of the chemical shift anisotropy an order
      parameter of 0.15 is estimated for the lipid phosphates in both membranes. 2. The
      31P-NMR spectrum of the A. laidlawii membrane is insensitive to pronase digestion
      of 4-60% of the membrane proteins and subsequent cytochrome C binding. These
      results indicate that either no strong lipid polar headgroup-protein interactions
      occur in the membrane or that the lipid-protein "complexes" in the membrane have
      a fast rotation (Tc shorter than 10(-6)S) along an axis perpendicular to the
      plane of the membrane. 3. Phospholipase A2 degrades all the phosphatidylglycerol
      in the membrane. The resulting membrane contains a phosphoglycolipid as the sole
      phosphorus-containing compound. The 31P-NMR spectrum of these membranes is
      identical to the spectrum of the native membranes suggesting a similar motion for
      the phosphate groups in both lipids. 4. Ca2+ binding to liposomes prepared from
      either the total polar lipids or the total phosphorus-containing lipids isolated
      from the A. laidlawii membrane does not affect the 21P-NMR spectrum. 5. The 31P
      NMR spectrum of the membranes and derived liposomes, however, is sensitive to
      lipid phase transitions. When the membrane lipids are in the gel state a
      broadening of the 31P resonance occurs demonstrating that the polar head group
      motion in a biological membrane is more restricted below the lipid-phase
      transition temperature.

PMID- 174729
TI  - Comparative study of the milk fat globule membrane and the mouse mammary tumour
      virus prepared from the milk of an infected strain of Swiss albino mice.
AB  - Milk fat globule membranes and mammary tumour virus particles (d=1.17 g/cm3) have
      been obtained from the milk of a Swiss albino mice strain. Comparative
      biochemistry shows that these two structures differ significantly in the
      phospholipid, polypeptide and glycopolypeptide patterns and enzymatic activities.
      However, the lipid profile and the morphology of both structures suggest a
      filiation with the plasma membrane. Density fractions obtained from the crude
      virus preparation have been thoroughly investigated. The results suggest that
      most of these fractions represent degraded virus and/or atypical virus assembly.

PMID- 174730
TI  - Interactions of lectins with plasma membrane glycoproteins of the Ehrlich ascites
      carcinoma cell.
AB  - Several aspects of the interaction of various lectins with the surface of Ehrlich
      ascites carcinoma cells are described. The order of agglutinating activity for
      various lectins is Ricinus communis greater than wheat germ greater than or equal
      to concanavalin A greater than or equal to soybean greater than Limulus
      polyphemus. No agglutination was noted for Ulex europaeus. Using 125I-labeled
      lectins it was determined that there are 1.6 and 7 times as many Ricinus communis
      lectin binding sites for concanavalin A and soybean lectins. Sodium deoxycholate
      solubilized plasma membrane material was subjected to lectin affinity
      chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      lectin receptors of the plasma membrane appeared to be heterogeneous and some
      qualitative differences could be discerned among the electrophoretically analyzed
      material, which bound to and was specifically eluted from the various lectin
      affinity columns. The characteristics of elution of bound material from
      individual lectin columns indicated secondary hydrophobic interactions between
      concanavalin A or wheat germ agglutinin and their respective lectin receptor
      molecules.

PMID- 174731
TI  - Correlation between protein kinase-mediated stimulation of calcium transport by
      cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and phosphorylation of a 22000 dalton protein.
AB  - Increases in protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of a 22000 dalton protein
      correlated closely with increases in phosphate-facilitated calcium transport
      measured concurrently in canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum under similar
      conditions in the presence of varying concentrations of bovine cardiac protein
      kinase. A correlation coefficient of 0.93 and a P value of less than 0.001 were
      obtained. Protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of the 22000 dalton microsomal
      protein may mediate the abbreviation of systole seen in the mammalian heart in
      response to inotropic agents like catecholamines.

PMID- 174732
TI  - Steroid-protein interactions. XXXIV. Chemical modification of alpha1-acid
      glycoprotein for characterization of the progesterone binding site.
AB  - The nature of the steroid binding site in alpha1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid)
      was investigated by chemical modification of individual amino acids and
      subsequent examination of the binding affinity for progesterone. Equilibrium
      dialyses were performed under conditions that excluded contact with human skin.
      Reaction of the lysyl residues with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or
      arylisocyanates resulted in a reduction of active sites. In an alternate
      approach, one lysyl residue of alpha1-acid glycoprotein was protected from
      modification by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid when progesterone was present to
      form the complex with alpha1-acid glycoprotein. We conclude that a lysyl residue
      is located in the binding site. Reaction of tetranitromethane with the tyrosine
      groups in alpha1-acid glycoprotein also reduced the number of active binding
      sites for progesterone. Again, a partial protection of this modification was seen
      in the presence of progesterone and other delta4-3-ketosteroids. The progesterone
      binding activity observed in the tyrosine-modified alpha1-acid glycoprotein by
      equilibrium dialysis and by fluorescence quenching titration can be interpreted
      best by the presence of one tyrosyl residue in the binding site, and involvement
      of a second tyrosine nearby. Modification of tryptophan in alpha1-acid
      glycoprotein by mild acid hydrolysis, N-bromosuccinimide,
      hydroxynitrobenzylbromide, and formic acid resulted in a decreased steroid
      binding; the formylation reaction was fully reversible. The approximate distance
      between progesterone and the tryptophan involved in the binding was calculated to
      be between 9.1 A and 14.1 A. When alpah1-acid glycoprotein was cleaved by the
      cyanogen bromide procedure according to Ikenaka et al. (1972, Biochemistry 11,
      3817-3829), both the amino and the carboxyl fragment had a weak progesterone
      binding affinity which could be measured in 4 M NaCl. This result thus failed to
      specify the location of the steroid binding site in alpha1-acid glycoprotein.
      However, the closeness of tryptophan, lysine and tyrosine in the primary and
      presumably the tertiary structure of alpha1-acid glycoprotein is in agreement
      with the properties of the binding site suggested by our studies.

PMID- 174733
TI  - A putative glucocorticoid receptor and a transcortin-like macromolecule in
      pituitary cytosol.
AB  - This study describes the binding of [3H]corticosterone and [3H] dexamethasone to
      soluble macromolecules in the pituitaries of adrenalectomized rats perfused at
      sacrifice to remove blood contamination. (1) Unlabeled dexamethasone competes
      only slightly for [3H] corticosterone binding when the steroids are added to
      cytosol as well as when the steroids are present from the time of disruption of
      the tissue. In the latter case, corticosterone is as good a competitor as
      dexamethasone for [3H]dexamethasone binding. (2) Gel permeation chrmatography
      with BioRad A-5M reveals the presence of a [3H] corticosterone-macromolecular
      complex with an elution volume comparable to transcortin as well as a very large
      hormone-binding complex eluting in the void volume of the column...

PMID- 174734
TI  - Hepatic accumulation of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - Concomitant intravenous administration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and [3H]
      vitamin D3 to vitamin D-depleted rats did not affect the conversion of [3H]
      vitamin D3 to 25-OH-[3H] vitamin D3 as indicated by a serum 25-OH-[3H] vitamin D3
      to content at 3 and 24 h identical to those observed in animals receiving [3H]
      vitamin D3 alone. Similarly, pre-dosing with 25-OH vitamin D3 24 h earlier did
      not affect the conversion. Co-administration to vitamin D depleted rats of
      vitamin D2 or D3, at 200-fold higher doses than a control group receiving tracer
      [3H] vitamin D3 alone, resulted in serum 25-OH vitamin D levels that were 15-20
      fold higher than the control, indicating a similar metabolic fate for synthetic
      and natural vitamin D in rats and the ability of increased substrate to overwhelm
      hepatic constraints on 25-OH vitamin D production. Following intravenous
      administration of 25-OH-[3H] vitamin D3 to vitamin D depleted rats, hepatic 3H
      content decreased in parallel with serum radioactivity. Hepatic accumulation of
      intravenously administered vitamin D3 ([14C] vitamin D3) alone or with 25-OH-[3H]
      vitamin D3, by vitamin D-depleted rats revealed a marked preference for vitamin
      D3; the hepatic accumulation of [14C] vitamin D3 increased to 35% of the dose by
      45 min, at which time 25-OH-[3H] vitamin D3 hepatic content was 7-fold less, and
      decreasing. Chromatography of extracts of hepatic subcellular fractions revealed
      more [14C] vitamin D3 than 25-OH-[3H] vitamin D3 in the microsomes, the reported
      site of calciferol 25-hydroxylase. Circulating 25-OH vitamin D, therefore, has
      comparatively minimal potential for hepatic accumulation. Product inhibition of
      the calciferol 25-hydroxylase must, therefore, result from recently synthesized
      hepatic 25-OH vitamin D, and is not affected by exogenous 25-OH vitamin D3.

PMID- 174735
TI  - Differences between cytosol receptor complexes with corticosterone and
      dexamethasone in hippocampal tissue from rat brain.
AB  - The binding of [3H]corticosterone and [3H]dexamethasone to soluble macromolecules
      in cytosol of the hippocampal region of the brain has been studied in
      adrenalectomized male rats. Unlabeled dexamethasone appears to be a less
      effective competitor than corticosterone in the binding of [3H]corticosterone,
      while both unlabeled steroids compete equally well for the binding or
      [3H]dexamethasone. Further investigation of macromolecular complexes with
      [3H]dexamethasone and [3H]corticosterone revealed that they differ from each
      other in their behavior during ammonium sulfate precipitation, BioRad A-5M gel
      permeation chromatography, DE-52 anion exchange chromatography and DNA-cellulose
      chromatography. (1) After exposure to a 33% ammonium sulfate solution relatively
      more [3H]dexamethasone complex than [3H]corticosterone complex is precipitated.
      (2) Treatment of the cytosol with 0.3 M KCl gives disaggregation of the
      supramolecular 3H-labeled corticoid complexes which are seen eluting with the
      void volume during gel permeation chromatography on Biorad A-5M at low ionic
      strength. In 0.3 M KCl, the [3H]dexamethasone complex has an elution volume
      somewhat smaller than that of bovine serum albumin, while the [3H]-corticosterone
      complex in 0.3 M KCl is too unstable to survive chromatography with A-5M. (3)
      Chromatography on DE-52 resolved the 3H-labeled corticoid complexes into three
      binding components. The complex with [3H]dexamethasone contains a higher
      percentage (85%) of a component less firmly attached (i.e. eluted by 0.15 M KCl)
      to the anion exchange resin than is observed for the complex with
      [3H]corticosterone (49%). (4) The complexes with 3H-labeled corticoids display an
      enhanced affinity for calf thymus DNA adsorbed to cellulose following
      "activation", warming to 25 degrees C for 15 min. Concurrently, a fraction of the
      [3H]dexamethasone complex becomes able to more firmly attach to the DE-52 anion
      exchange resin. These results with the binding of the cytosol hormone-receptor
      complexes to DNA-cellulose do not explain the marked in vivo preference of
      hippocampus for the cell nuclear uptake of [3H] corticosterone. However, the
      other differences in the properties of the complexes formed with the two labeled
      glucocorticoids support our previous inference that there may be more than one
      population of adrenal steroid "receptors" in brain tissue.

PMID- 174736
TI  - Catecholamine secretion by isolated adrenal cells.
AB  - Isolated adrenal cells were prepared by collagenase digestion of guinea pig
      adrenal glands. Acetylcholine stimulates the secretion of catecholamines by these
      isolated adrenal cells. Acetylcholine-stimulated catecholamine secretion is
      inhibited by cholinergic blocking agents (atropine and hexamethonium) and by
      local anaesthetics (tetracaine), and is dependent upon the concentration of Ca2+
      in the incubation medium. In the presence of Ca2+, catecholamine secretion is
      also stimulated by two divalent cation ionophores, A23187 and X-537A. Cyclic
      nucleotides and 5'-nucleotides cause a small, non-specific stimulation of
      catecholamine secretion. These results indicate that isolated adrenal cells are a
      useful system in which to study catecholamine secretion, and support the
      hypothesis that increased Ca2+ entry into chromaffin cells is a sufficient
      stimulus for catecholamine secretion.

PMID- 174737
TI  - The separation of partially modified lactate dehydrogenase by affinity
      chromatography. The specific activity of protomers?
AB  - Pig heart lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) was
      partially inactivated by reaction with phenylmaleimide. The resulting protein
      mixture was separated by affinity chromatography on a Sepharose-linked oxamate
      column yielding three distinct enzyme fractions with one, two and three out of
      four subunits being modified. The specific activities of these samples were lower
      than expected from the degree of modification, while the maximum binding capacity
      of NADH-oxamate related well to the number of catalytic centers modified. A
      possible cooperative effect in the native enzyme is discussed.

PMID- 174738
TI  - Kinetic studies on the reaction catalyzed by polynucleotide kinase from phage T4
      infected Escherichia coli.
AB  - Kinetic properties of polynucleotide kinase (EC 2.7.1.78) isolated from
      Escherichia coli cells infected with phage T4 were investigated. The reaction
      depends on the concentration of MgATP, while free ATP or free Mg2+ have neither
      inhibitory nor accelerating effect. The initial reaction velocity was plotted
      against variable concentrations of ATP as the phosphate donor at various fixed
      concentrations of 5'-hydroxyl-DNA or -oligo(rA) as the phosphate acceptor in the
      presence or absence of products. The double reciprocal plot analysis of the data
      suggested that the reaction obeys the random sequential mechanism. Various
      constants were determined and the reaction mechanism was discussed.

PMID- 174739
TI  - Adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from human
      platelets.
AB  - A single cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) has been isolated from
      human platelets by using DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex
      G-150 gel filtration. The molecular weight of the protein kinase was estimated to
      be 86 490. In the presence of cyclic AMP, the protein kinase could be dissociated
      into a catalytic subunit of molecular weight 50 000, and either one regulatory
      subunit of molecular weight 110 000 or two regulatory subunits of molecular
      weights 110 000 and 38 100, depending on the pH used. Recombination of either of
      the regulatory subunits with the catalytic subunit restored cyclic AMP-dependency
      in the catalytic subunit. The apparent Km for ATP in the presence of 10 muM Mg2+
      was 4 muM (plus cyclic AMP) and 4.3 muM (minus cyclic AMP). The concentration of
      cyclic AMP needed for half-maximal stimulation of the protein kinase was 0.172
      muM and apparent dissociation constants of 3.7 nM (absence of MgATP) and 0.18 muM
      (presence of MgATP) were exhibited by the "protein kinase-cyclic AMP complex".
      The enzyme required Mg2+ for maximum activity and showed a pH optimum of 6.2 with
      histone as substrate. In addition to four major endogenous platelet protein
      acceptors of apparent molecular weights 45 000, 28000, 18 500, and 11 100, the
      platelet protein kinase also phosphorylated the exogenous acceptor proteins
      thrombin, collagen and histone, all capable of inducing platelet aggregation.
      Prothrombin, a nonaggregating agent, was not phosphorylated.

PMID- 174740
TI  - Regulation in vitro of rat liver pyruvate kinase by phosphorylation
      dephosphorylation reactions, catalyzed by cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinases
      and a histone phosphatase.
AB  - 1. Cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinases, resolved by chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose and hydroxylapatite, catalysed the phosphorylation of rat liver
      pyruvate kinase and calf thymus histones by [gamma32P]ATP. [32P]phosphopeptides,
      from acid hydrolysates of pyruvate kinase phosphorylated by the different protein
      kinase fractions, displayed identical electrophoretic patterns. Phosphorylation
      inhibited pyruvate kinase activity. 2. Full activity was restored when
      phosphorylated pyruvate kinase was dephosphorylated by a histone phosphatase from
      the soluble fraction of rat liver. These results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that pyruvate kinase is regulated by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation
      reactions.

PMID- 174741
TI  - Demonstration of insulin degradation by thiol-protein disulfide oxidoreductase
      (glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase) and proteinases of pancreatic islets.
AB  - Homogenate preparations of pancreatic islets have been found to degrade insulin
      by cleavage of the interchain disulfide bonds, followed by proteolysis of the
      resulting A and B chains. A proteolytic system of the pancreatic islets splitting
      not only 125I-labeled insulin A chain but also 125I-labeled glucagon at pH 7.0,
      was shown to be activated by glutathione and inhibited by EDTA. The results
      suggest that pancreatic islets contain both the thiol-protein disulfide
      oxidoreductase (glutathione : protein-disulfide oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.4.2) and
      the A and B chain-degrading enzyme(s). The effects of EDTA argue against the
      implication of cathepsins in insulin breakdown under the experimental conditions
      employed.

PMID- 174742
TI  - EPR signals from cytochrome c oxidase.
AB  - 1. The major EPR signals from native and cytochrome c-reduced beef heart
      cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) are characterized with respect to resonance
      parameters, number of components and total integrated intensity. A mistake in all
      earlier integrations and simulations of very anisotropic EPR signals is pointed
      out. 2. The so-called Cu2+ signal is found to contain at least three components,
      one "inactive" form and two nearly similar active forms. One of the latter forms,
      corresponding to about 20% of the total EPR detectable Cu, has not been observed
      earlier and can only be resolved in 35 GHz spectra. It is not reduced by
      cytochrome c and is thought to reflect some kind of inhomogeneity in the enzyme
      preparation. The 35 GHz spectrum of the cytochrome c reducible component shows a
      rhombic splitting and can be well simulated with g-values 2.18, 2.03 and 1.99.
      The origin of such a unique type of Cu2+ spectrum is discussed. 3. The low-spin
      heme signal in the oxidized enzyme (g = 3.03, 2.21, 1.45) is found to correspond
      closely to one heme and shows no signs of interaction with other paramagnetic
      centres. 4. The high-spin heme signals appearing in partly reduced oxidase are
      found to consist of at least three species, one axial and two rhombic types. An
      integration procedure is described that allows the determination of the total
      integral intensity of high-spin heme EPR signals only by considering the g = 6
      part of the signals. In a titration with ascorbate and cytochrome c the maximum
      intensity of the g = 6 species corresponds to 23% of the enzyme concentration.

PMID- 174743
TI  - Influence of the carbon source on glycerol kinase activity in Neurospora crassa.
AB  - The level of glycerol kinase activity in Neurospora crassa was shown to change in
      response to resuspension of sucrose-grown mycelia in fresh medium containing a
      new carbon source: the magnitude of the change depended on the new carbon source
      provided. Certain carbon sources, such as glucose and fructose, inhibited the
      small increase that occurred in the absence of any carbon source. Others, and in
      particular deoxyribose, galactose, glycerol and ribose, greatly enhanced this
      increase. The activity induced by deoxyribose and galactose had the same
      stability, both in vivo and in vitro, as that induced by glycerol, and as that
      induced by incubation of Neurospora cultures at low temperatures. The inhibitory
      carbon sources, such as glucose and fructose, also restricted the increases
      induced by deoxyribose, galactose and glycerol: they had more effect on the
      increases induced by glycerol and deoxyribose than on that induced by galactose.
      The increase in activity that occurs at low temperature was also inhibited by
      glucose and sucrose.

PMID- 174744
TI  - A kinetic analysis of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase regulation by the
      endogenous protein activator. A study of rat brain and frog sympathetic chain.
AB  - The effect of the endogenous protein activator on the kinetic characteristics of
      a highly purified, activator-deficient rat brain phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.-)
      of a highly purified, activator-deficient rat brain phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4-)
      was studied. This enzyme preparation has only a high Km for cyclic AMP and a low
      Km for cyclic GMP. In the presence of 20 muM Ca2+, saturating concentrations of
      the activator decreased the Km of this enzyme for cyclic AMP from 350 muM to
      about 80 muM, without changing the V. The phosphodiesterase activator did not
      change the Km of phosphodiesterase for cyclic GMP; however, amoderate increase of
      V was seen. The activator lacks species specificity; the activator isolated from
      the bullfrog sympathetic chain produced the same qualitative and comparable
      quantitative changes in the kinetic properties of the purified rat brain
      phosphodiesterase. Cyclic GMP is a potent competitive inhibitor of the
      phosphodiesterase activation by the activator (Ki=1.8 muM), using cyclic AMP as a
      substrate. Cyclic AMP inhibits slightly the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP by
      phosphodiesterase in the presence of activator (Ki=155 muM) only.

PMID- 174745
TI  - Proteolysis of canine apolipoprotein by acid proteases in canine liver lysosomes.
AB  - Canine liver lysosomes were purified by sucrose discontinuous density gradient
      centrifugation and then ruptured by sonication to obtain the soluble fraction.
      This soluble lysosomal fraction, which contained a 25-fold increase in acid
      phosphatase activity per mg of total protein when compared with the original
      homogenate, was incubated with a subfraction (1.110 less than d less than 1.210
      g/cm3, HDL3) of canine high density lipoproteins (HDL) at pH 3.8. HDL3
      proteolysis by lysosomal proteases, measured as the release of peptides and amino
      acids by the ninhydrin reaction, followed hyperbolic curves with straight lines
      (r = 0.99) obtained on Lineweaver-Burk plots. Km calculated from the Lineweaver
      Burk plot was 635 mug of HDL3 protein per 0.5 ml of incubation mixture. Optimum
      HDL3 proteolysis was observed from pH 3.8 to 4.5. Incubation with the other
      subcellular organelle fractions did not result in HDL3 proteolysis. To evaluate
      the effects of enzyme inhibitors, iodoacetate, p-chloromercuribenzoate (both
      specific for the endopeptidase, cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1)) and pepstatin
      (specific for the endopeptidase, cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) were tested.
      Iodoacetate and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibited HDL3 proteolysis 100% and
      bovine serum albumin proteolysis 65%. Pepstatin inhibited HDL3 proteolysis 45%
      and bovine serum albumin proteolysis 70%. The in vitro data presented support the
      hypothesis that hepatic lysosomes play an important role in HDL3 catabolism in
      the dog. Furthermore, results obtained from enzyme inhibition studies suggest
      that a specific lysosomal endopeptidase, cathepsin B, may play the key role in
      HDL3 proteolysis.

PMID- 174746
TI  - Photochemical activities of reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides at
      low temperature and in the presence of chaotropic agents.
AB  - Light-induced absorbance changes were measured at low temperatures in reaction
      center preparations from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Absorbance difference
      spectra measured at 100 degrees K show that ubiquinone is photoreduced at this
      temperature, both by continuous light and by a short actinic flash. The reduction
      occurred with relatively high efficiency. These results give support to the idea
      that ubiquinone is involved in the primary photochemical reaction in
      Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Reduction of ubiquinone was accompanied by a shift
      of the infrared absorption band of bacteriopheophytin. The rate of decay of the
      primary photoproducts (P+870 and ubisemiquinone) appeared to be approximately
      independent of temperature below 180 degrees K and above 270 degrees K; in the
      region between 180 and 270 degrees K it increased with decreasing temperature.
      The rate of decay was not affected by 0-phenanthroline. Secondary reactions were
      inhibited by lowering the temperature. The light-induced absorbance changes were
      inhibited by chaotropic agents, like thiocyanate and perchlorate. It was
      concluded that these agents lower the efficiency of the primary photoconversion.
      The kinetics indicated that the degree of inhibition was not the same for all
      reaction centers. The absorption spectrum of the photoconverted reaction centers
      appeared to be somewhat modified by thiocyanate.

PMID- 174748
TI  - Regulation of penicillin acylase in Escherichia coli by cyclic AMP.
AB  - 1. Cyclic AMP was found to stimulate penicillin acylase activity. 2. It also
      overcame the repression of glucose and restored enzyme synthesis to the non
      repressed levels. 3. The conversion of inactive enzyme precursor into active
      enzyme was not stimulated by cyclic AMP in cells in which protein synthesis was
      inhibited by chloramphenicol. 4. Cyclic AMP failed to stimulate enzyme production
      in cells in which messenger RNA synthesis was arrested by rifampicin or inducer
      removal. 5. Cyclic AMP appears to participate in the regulation of this enzyme at
      the transcriptional level.

PMID- 174747
TI  - Oxido-reductive titrations of cytochrome c oxidase followed by EPR spectroscopy.
AB  - Experiments are described on oxido-reductive titrations of cytochrome c oxidase
      as followed by low-temperature EPR and reflectance spectroscopy. The reductants
      were cytochrome c or NADH and the oxidant ferricyanide. Experiments were
      conducted in the presence and absence of either cytochrome c or carbon monoxide,
      or both. An attempt is made to provide a complete quantitative balance of the
      changes observed in the major EPR signals. During reduction, the maximal quantity
      of heme represented in the high-spin ferric heme signals (g approximately 6; 2)
      is 25% of the total heme present, and during reoxidation 30%. With NADH reduction
      there is little difference between the pattern of disappearance of the low-spin
      ferric heme signals in the absence or presence of cytochrome c. The copper and
      high-spin heme signals, however, disappear at higher titrant concentrations in
      the presence of cytochrome c than in its absence. In these titrations, as well as
      in those with ferrocytochrome c, the quantitative balance indicates that, in
      addition to EPR-detectable components, EPR-undetectable components are also
      reduced, increasingly so at higher titrant concentrations. The quantity of EPR
      undectable components reduced appears to be inverely related to pH. A similar
      inverse relationship exists between pH and appearance of high-spin signals during
      yhe titration. At pH 9.3 the quantity of heme represented in the high-spin
      signals is less than 5%, whereas it approximately doubles from pH 7.4 to pH 6.1.
      In the presence of CO less of the low-spin heme and copper signals disappears for
      the same quantity of titrant consumed, again implying reduction of EPR
      undetectable components. At least one of these components is represented in a
      broad absorption band centered at 655 nm. The stoichiometry observed on
      reoxidation, particularly in the presence of CO, is not compatible with the
      notion that the copper signal represents 100% of the active copper of the enzyme
      as a pair of interacting copper atoms.

PMID- 174749
TI  - Base composition studies on mitochondrial 4 S RNA from rat liver and Morris
      hepatomas 5123D and 7777.
AB  - The major and modified base composition of mitochondrial 4 S RNA from rat liver
      and from Morris hepatomas 5123D and 7777 has been determined for 16 constituents
      using a chemical tritium-derivative method. The base composition of these
      mitochondrial 4 S RNA preparations was compared with the base composition of
      cytoplasmic and bacterial (Escherichia coli B and Bacillus subtilis) 4-S RNAs.
      The results of these studies are: 1. When compared with cytoplasmic 4 S RNA, the
      liver and hepatoma mitochondrial 4-S RNAs are characterized by high (A + U)/(G +
      C) ratios and low overall degrees of base methylation and modification. 2. The
      mammalian mitochondrial 4-S RNAs are qualitatively even more different from the
      bacterial 4-S RNAs than from their cytoplasmic counterparts. Thus, several
      modified constituents found in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial 4 S RNA are
      absent from the bacterial 4-S RNAs. 3. Mitochondrial 4S RNA from both hepatomas
      was found to be under-methylated and undermodified when compared with normal
      liver mitochondrial 4S RNA. This trend is more pronounced for the rapidly growing
      hepatoma 7777 (i.e., 17% undermethylation) than for the more slowly growing
      hepatoma 5123D (i.e., 8% undermethylation). These findings are discussed in
      relationship to (1) results of other authors on composition of mitochondrial 4 S
      RNA, (2) special features of structure and biosynthesis of mitochondrial 4 S RNA,
      (3) the possible evolutionary origin of mitochondria and (4) the possible role
      played by aberrant mitochondrial 4 S RNA in altered mitochondrial protein
      synthesis in tumors.

PMID- 174751
TI  - Change in zeta potential and membrane potential of slime mold Physarum
      polycephalum in response to chemical stimuli.
AB  - Electrophoretic study of microplasmodia of the true slime mold Physarum
      polycephalum was carried out in the presence of various concentrations of
      inorganic salts, nucleotides and sugars, and the zeta potential at the surface of
      the plasmodia was determined from the electrophoretic mobilities. The membrane
      potential of the plasmodia was also measured under the same external conditions.
      It was shown that changes in the membrane potential induced by the chemical
      stimuli agreed approximately with those induced in the zeta potential in all
      cases examined. These results suggested that the phase boundary potential at the
      membrane-solution interface is mainly responsible for the membrane potential in
      the chemoreception of the slime mold.

PMID- 174750
TI  - Electron spin resonance analysis of irreversible changes induced by calcium
      perturbation of erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - Introduction of calcium during hemolysis of erythrocytes causes irreversible
      membrane changes, including protein aggregation. These changes have been
      investigated by incorporation of one protein and three fatty acid spin label
      probes into washed membranes from erythrocytes hemolyzed with a range of Ca2+
      concentrations. Electron spin resonance spectra of the lipid probes were analyzed
      for changes in the order parameters, isotropic coupling constants and mean
      angular deviations of the lipid hydrocarbon chains. The results generally
      indicated an increased freedom of mobility of the probes with increased Ca2+
      concentration during hemolysis, but the response of each probe showed a different
      concentration dependence. The maximal response was obtained with the I(5, 10)
      probe. Variations in the responses were interpreted to reflect different modes of
      protein-lipid or protein-probe interactions arising from Ca2+ -induced membrane
      protein alterations. Spectra from membranes treated with the protein spin label
      showed an increased ratio of immobilized to mobile label with increased Ca2+
      concentrations at hemolysis. This is consistent with the membrane protein
      aggregation phenomena previously observed. It is suggested that the increased
      protein-protein interactions formed as a result of calcium treatment permit an
      increased lipid mobility in the membrane regions monitored by the fatty acid
      probes.

PMID- 174752
TI  - A proposed mechanism for multiplication of neural signals.

PMID- 174753
TI  - [Intestinal absorption of vitamin D, linoleic acid and cholesterol from micellar
      solutions: study in normal humans by the "in situ" perfusion method].

PMID- 174754
TI  - [Role of phospholipids in the generation of membrane potentials by
      proteoliposomes].
AB  - Closed protein-phospholipid particles (proteoliposomes), obtained by self
      assembly method, are capable to generate and to maintain the membrane potential
      in the case if their protein complex is represented by: a) a complex of
      mitochondrial ATPase; b) a complex of cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome c and c)
      bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium; and their phospholipid component
      is represented by phosphatidylethanolamine or by a mixture of mitochondrial
      phospholipids. Only cytochromoxidase and bacteriorhodopsin (but not ATPase)
      proteoliposomes with phosphatidylserine are active. Cardiolipin also is not
      active in experiments with ATPase. Phosphatidylcholine produces in all the cases
      proteoliposomes incapable of maintaining the membrane potential. It is concluded
      that the inefficiency of phosphatidylcholine in the formation of proteoliposomes,
      generating the membrane potential, is due to the impossibility of obtaining
      closed membrane forms with a high electric resistance. The inefficiency of
      phosphatidylserine and cardiolipine, in the case of ATPase protein component of
      proteoliposomes, may be due to a specific requirement of this generator of the
      membrane potential in phosphatidylethanolamine.

PMID- 174755
TI  - [Inositol-containing phospholipids in rat brain and liver].
AB  - A simple modification of the method of Rossiter and Palmer for the quantitative
      determination of phosphoinositides (PI) in animal tissues (brain and liver) is
      worked out: Phospholipids are mineralyzed (together with a paper) in 57%
      perchloric acid, avoiding the time consuming procedure of the tenfold elution of
      inositids spots from chromatogramms and the subsequent evaporation of the
      substantial volume of the eluate obtained. The time of the analysis is twice as
      short as that of the original method, the data obtained being reliable. The
      quantity of mono-, di- and triphosphoinositides in rat brain is as follows:
      85.08, 11.33 and 32.85 mkg P/g wet tissue, but in liver it is 94.5, 1.88 and 2.5
      mkg P/g wet tissue respectively.

PMID- 174756
TI  - [Characteristics of testosterone-binding cytoplasmic components in the human
      endometrium and their interaction with chromatin].
AB  - The existence of macromolecules which specifically bind 3H-testosterone is
      demonstrated in the soluble fraction of human uterus endometrium. Testosterone
      receptors of endometrial cytosol are heterogenous and comprise the component with
      high affinity (Kd--2,9x10(-10) M) and low capacity (concentration of binding
      sites--0,5 pmoles per mg of protein) and the component with lower affinity and
      higher capacity (4x10(-9) M and 4 pmoles/mg of protein respectively). Incubation
      of sliced of endometrium at 37 (but not at 0 degrees) with 3H-testosterone
      results in the binding of the steroid by chromatin. On the other hand,
      testosterone-cytoplasmic receptor complex is able to associate with chromatin at
      0 degrees. Chromatin did not bind free 3H-testosterone under these conditions.
      The existence of the receptor for testosterone in endometrial cells promoting its
      transport into the nucleus and binding with chromatin corroborates the previously
      shown specific action of testosterone on messenger RNA biogenesis in the uterus.
      Polyinductor model of regulation of gene expression in higher organisms by
      steroid hormones is discussed.

PMID- 174757
TI  - [Control of glutamate dehydrogenase activity in isolated rat liver mitochondria
      by purine nucleotides, cyclic AMP, alpha-ketoglutarate and phosphate].
AB  - Glutamate oxidation by mitochondria in the presence of arsenite and dinitrophenol
      is diminished by ADP, AMP, GDP and cyclic 3',5'-AMP. Mechanism of inhibition is
      noncompetitive and atractyloside-sensitive. Alpha-ketoglutarate is a more
      powerful inhibitor of glutamate oxidation. Inhibitions produced by alpha
      ketoglutarate and nucleotide are not additive. Phosphate reverses inhibition of
      glutamate oxidation produced by nucleotides but only slightly that produced by
      alpha-ketoglutarate. It is concluded from the results obtained that GDH remains
      in intact mitochondria under effective control exerted by purine nucleotides
      (AMP, GDP, ADP, cAMP), alpha-ketoglutarate and phosphate, functioning mainly in
      the direction of reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate.

PMID- 174758
TI  - [The relationship between cholesterol, shpingomyelin and phosphatidyl choline in
      liver and hepatoma cell membranes].
AB  - The cholesterol, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine content in different cell
      membranes of liver and hepatoma was studied. Significant amounts of cholesterol
      were found in all the subcellular fractions of hepatoma, whereas in the liver
      cholesterol is localized mainly in the plasma membranes. A direct relation
      between the content of cholesterol and sphingomyelin was demonstrated. Possible
      effects of the cholesterol : : sphingomyelin : phosphatidylcholine ratio on the
      properties of cell membranes are discussed.

PMID- 174759
TI  - [Several mechanisms of conditioned reflex disorders provoked by deprivation of
      paradoxical sleep].

PMID- 174760
TI  - [The interaction of extracardiac and intracardiac influences in the ganglio
      synaptic apparatus of the heart].

PMID- 174761
TI  - [Changes in the concentration of blood sugar in rats during immobilization].

PMID- 174762
TI  - Cyclic AMP in developing muscle of the rhesus monkey: effect of prostaglandin E.
AB  - Cyclic AMP levels, measured by a competitive protein-binding assay and by a
      prelabeling technique with adenine-14 C, were determined on fetal, infant, and
      adult heart, diaphragm, and skeletal muscle of the rhesus monkey (Macaca
      mulatta); the effect of PGE on cyclic AMP accumulation was also studied. The
      levels of cyclic AMP were higher in the 3 types of muscle from 150-day fetuses
      (91% of term) than in adult muscles and even higher at 78-100 days fetal age, and
      histological evidence indicated that by 65 days gestation, the majority of the
      rhesus skeletal muscle cells are in the myotube stage. These data agree with the
      observation in cell cultures that a decrease in cyclic AMP is correlated with
      fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes. PGE (2.8 MUM) stimulated cyclic AMP
      accumulation in all the fetal series, even in the earliest series (47% of term),
      as well as in all the adult series.

PMID- 174763
TI  - [The synchronizing effect of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate on the mitotic
      cycle of Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells].
AB  - A study was made of the number of mitoses and of the DNA-synthesizing cells in
      the ascitic Ehrlich carcinoma in the course of 24 hours after the injection of
      cyclic 3',5'-adenosinmonophosphate to mice. It was found that as the result of
      the preprrophase inhibition and, possibly, of stimulation of the cell entry into
      the S-phase, 8 hours after the action a great number of cells began to divide
      almost simultaneously. The effect of mitosis synchronization was assessed in the
      tumour cell population.

PMID- 174764
TI  - [Nuclear estradiol receptors in several "non-target" organs of rats].
AB  - Some properties of the macromolecules of the KCl-extracts of the nuclei of the
      uterus, kidney, liver, testis and prostate, specifically binding estradiol (E2),
      were studied. These macromolecules of the uterus and the liver were found to be
      maximally extracted from chromatin by the 0.6 M KCl concentration. The capacity
      of the macromolecules of the uterine, kidney and liver nuclear extracts to bind
      E2 specifically is destroyed completely by pronase, but not by RNA-ASe and DNA
      ase, pointing to the protein nature of these macromolecules. Only estrogenic
      compounds, but not testosterone, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, progesterone or
      corticosterone were capable to compete with H3--E2 for the E2--binding sites of
      the macromolecules of the nuclear extracts of all the organs investigaeted. It is
      assumed that macromolecules of the nuclei of the investigated nontarget organs
      specifically binding E2 are estrogen receptors.

PMID- 174765
TI  - Occurrence and function of cyclic nucleotides in blood vessels.
AB  - The literature concerned with studies of the occurrence and function of the
      cyclic nucleotides in blood vessels is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the
      critical evaluation of the evidence which relates to the hypothesis that cyclic
      nucleotides meditate the effects of drugs and neurotransmitters on vascular
      contractility. The hypothesis that cyclic AMP mediates vasodilation, especially
      that induced by beta-adrenergic relaxation, is supported by many experimental
      approaches, but it is concluded that the evidence remains unconvincing based on
      the criteria established for such a mediator role. Possible sites of action of
      cyclic AMP are discussed. The demonstrated action of cyclic AMP on vascular
      membrane electrophysiology and calcium ion pumps are reviewed as possible causes
      of relaxation. The role of both nucleotides in vascular disease, especially
      hypertension is discussed. Finally the needs for further research in this area
      are suggested.

PMID- 174766
TI  - [Cytology of various rare benign tumors of the breast].
AB  - The authors describe the cytological appearances of three rare benign mammary
      tumors (granular cell myoblastoma, sebaceous cyst and fibrous histiocytoma), and
      warn the clinician against over-optimism when presented with a benign cytologic
      diagnosis. In fact, the proportion of cases in which carcinoma is confused with 
      a benign tumour varies from 3 to 5% according to statistics. They analyse the
      various causes responsible for the "false benign" diagnosis. The author's opinion
      is that one can only arrive at the cytological diagnosis of benignity as part of
      a group of investigations. Final diagnosis must depend upon a histological
      examination.

PMID- 174767
TI  - [Immunologic results obtained with an experimental system oftransplantable
      colonic tumors. Possible applications of these results to human intestinal
      tumors].
AB  - Intestinal cancers, morphologically very close to human colo-rectal adeno
      carcinoma, have been induced by dimethylhydrazine in inbred rats. Graftable lines
      have been obtained from 5 primary intestinal tumors, and 3 cell lines have been
      cultivated from the grafts. This model was used to demonstrate carcinofetal
      antigen(s) on the surface of the intestinal cancer cells. Circulating antibodies
      against tumor-associated antigen(s) have been found in tumor-bearing rats. Cancer
      enhancement was regularly observed when specific (tumor cells) and non-specific
      (B.C.G.) immunologic treatments were used to prevent or cure rat intestinal
      tumors. These results suggest that immunotherapy of human colo-rectal cancer
      might be hazardous.

PMID- 174769
TI  - Cadmium.

PMID- 174768
TI  - The effects of lithium ions on the antidiuretic action of vasopressin in the rat.
AB  - 1 The effect of intravenous infusion of lithium, 2.56 mumol/min on the
      antidiuretic responses to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), adenosine triphosphate
      (ATP), 3'-5' adenosine cylic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and theophyline was
      studied in water-loaded, alcohol-anaesthetized rats. 2 Lithium reversibly
      inhibits the antidiuretic response to all concentrations of ADH, depressing the
      maximum response but not changing the amount required for half maximal response.
      3 The rate of increase of serum lithium relates more clearly to the inhibitory
      effect than does the serum concentration. 4 Sodium concentrations in the renal
      papilla seem to fall when serum lithium levels are rising. 5 Lithium inhibits the
      antidiuretic response to ATP and cyclic AMP but does not inhibit the response to
      theophyline.

PMID- 174770
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas and acute renal failure.

PMID- 174771
TI  - Trigeminal zoster producing facial paralysis and postural hypotension.

PMID- 174772
TI  - Short ACTH test in assessing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function.
AB  - The adrenocortical response to the simple 30-minute ACTH stimulation test was
      compared with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) response to insulin
      induced hypoglycaemia in 25 patients with various degrees of hypothalamic
      pituitary malfunction. The correlations between the increase in plasma cortisol
      during insulin hypoglycaemia and that during ACTH stimulation (r = 0-66) and
      between peak plasma cortisol levels during the two tests (r = 0-90) were highly
      significant. Peak plasma cortisol levels in individual patients were similar on
      both tests, no patient showing any major discrepancy between the two test
      results. Thus the simple 30-minute ACTH stimulation test seems to be reliable in
      detecting imparied HPA function.

PMID- 174773
TI  - Iatrogenic femoral neuropathy.

PMID- 174774
TI  - Inpatients in an accident unit.
AB  - A one-year prospective study was undertaken in the 79-bed accident unit of the
      Bristol Royal Infirmary to define reasons for continuing inpatient care. This
      showed that, of a consecutive series of 466 patients staying in hospital for over
      two weeks, 35% lengthened their stay beyond that needed for acute nursing or
      continued medical care. A combination of factors usually led to total social
      dependence, the major problem being the absence of a caring relative. Other
      factors included pre-existing locomotor disorder or mental infirmity,
      unmanageable incontinence of urine after catheterisation, and institutional
      disorientation. If the pattern of management of elderly patients after injury is
      not changed and beds are to be kept available for the newly injured the unit will
      need about 50 new long-stay beds each year.

PMID- 174775
TI  - Retrobulbar neuritis and infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 174776
TI  - Pasteurella multocida septicaemia associated with chronic liver disease.

PMID- 174777
TI  - Letter: Liver tumours and the pill.

PMID- 174778
TI  - Letter: Effect of replacement therapy with natural oestrogens on blood clotting.

PMID- 174779
TI  - A two-pathway informon theory of conditioning and adaptive pattern recognition.
AB  - A neural network theory is proposed which offers an explanation of many of the
      facts of classical and operant conditioning and adaptive pattern recognition.
      Interconnected networks of units have been studied and simulated which embody
      only two rules; firstly, units have inputs from pathways of variable and of fixed
      conductivity; secondly, the conductivity of a variable pathway is made
      proportional to the negative of the mutual information function between the
      signals at its input and output. The signal in a fixed pathway indicates whether
      the total input to the variable pathways is a member or not of some class. After
      a learning phase in which the unit, called an informon, receives such labelled
      inputs, it is able to predict the class of future unlabelled inputs. Such units
      are stable and their steady state can be calculated.

PMID- 174780
TI  - Simulation studies of learning in an informon network.
AB  - A single informon reproduces classical conditioning to compound stimuli under a
      wide range of conditions during reinforcement and non-reinforcement; it also
      reproduces simple operant conditioning. A network of 210 informons with 8400
      simultaneouslly varying pathways has been simulated; it can learn to recognize
      handprinted numerals. The networks studied must be more richly interconnected
      before they can reproduce more detailed behaviour of animals.

PMID- 174781
TI  - Neurophysiological predictions of a two-pathway informon theory of neural
      conditioning.
AB  - According to the informon theory there must be variable and fixed synapses in a
      neurone for conditioning to occur. For a variable synapse to behave like an
      informon pathway its conductivity needs to depend only on the average values of
      its presynaptic potential and of the internal state of the neurone. Eight
      predictions are made about the detailed functioning of such a synapse. In a
      minimal hypothesis all fixed synapses are inhibitory; but sign reversals are
      considered. Let one unit A in the receptive field of a neurone drive it through a
      fixed synapse, and all other units, e.g. B, drive variable synapses; then the
      theory predicts that the conductivity of the B synapse becomes proportional to
      the mutual information function between the signals at A and B; so inputs which
      tend to occur with the A signal become connected positively to the neurone.
      Applied to visual pathways this principle leads to the formation of edge and
      grating detectors. If X and Y cells excite variable and fixed synapses
      respectively, simple and complex cells should be driven by both X and Y cells,
      the latter being inhibitory. The two-pathway theory resolves two apparent
      conflicts between experimental facts.

PMID- 174782
TI  - The effect of brain ischemia on the levels of cyclic AMP and glycogen metabolism
      in gerbil brain in vivo.

PMID- 174783
TI  - Effect of cytochalasin B on neuromuscular transmission in tissue culture.

PMID- 174784
TI  - Enzyme markers for myelination of mouse cerebellum in vivo and in tissue culture.

PMID- 174785
TI  - [Nucleolytic enzymes in cellular particles in the guinea pig brain (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 174786
TI  - [The redox state of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides in the liver of rats after
      long-term administration of tetracycline (author's transl)].

PMID- 174787
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of secondary cultures of rat aorta. Cellular aspects].
AB  - Cells obtained from the media and intima of ten days rat aorta, after enzymatic
      dissociation, were grown in subculture for up to three months. Electron
      microscopic observations demonstrate that these cells maintained the morphology
      of smooth muscle cells at all phases of their growth in subculture and kept their
      ability to synthesize and secrete intracellular proteins with better enzymatic
      features than the cells obtained by proliferation at the periphery of an explant.

PMID- 174788
TI  - [Organotype culture of glandular tissue of the testis of Gabius niger L.
      Association with hypophysis].
AB  - The endocrine gland of the testis of Gobius niger L. was cultured separately for
      three or six days by dissecting out from the seminal mass. During the sexual
      resting periode, the explantation don't induce histological changes; however,
      during the phase of high sexual activity, the explantation involves marked
      asthenic signs. This phenomenon is in all cases reversed by the association with
      pituitaries, even after a preliminary isolated culture of three days. The
      association with pituitaries increases also the functional activity of the
      explants compared with the controls tested by measuring the total amount of
      testosterone contained in pooled culture media, or the global metabolism of 14C
      sodium acetate.

PMID- 174789
TI  - [Enzyme alterations of the arterial wall following the combination of a
      lathyrogenic treatment and of moderate hypercholesterolemia in the young rabbit].
AB  - To determinate the part of humoural and parietal factors in atherosclerotic
      injury genesis, metabolism alteration study is realised on aortic cell wall of
      rabbits which are submitted to a chronical lathyritic intoxication alone, or
      simultaneously or alternatively associated with a cholesterolemic diet. Catabolic
      activity increase of beta-glucuronidase occurs in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
      Beta-aminoproprionitrile, lathyrogenic drug used, stimulates biosynthetic
      pathways: increase of soluble proteins, energetic enzyme activities
      (lacticodeshydrogenase, malicodeshydrogenase), conjonctival protein metabolism
      (procollagen lysyl hydroxylase); in the same time, cell wall disturbances and
      lipidic deposits are facilitate when rabbits are submitted to cholesterolemic
      diet.

PMID- 174790
TI  - [Concentration of viruses in water by the 2 phase polymer method: quantitative
      study].
AB  - The authors attempt to determine the sensibility of polymer two phases system
      applied to the concentration of viruses from water. They show that this technic
      agrees to the research of poliomyelitic viruses in waters since viral
      recuperation is always upper than 74.5%. Besides, they notice that average
      percentages of regained viruses are always 100% where the initial concentrations
      of viruses are 10(2) or 10(3) per liter; on the other hand if the initial
      concentration is higher the yield of this method is decreasing.

PMID- 174791
TI  - [Existence of cytoplasmic inclusions in acinic cells of the exocrine pancreas of
      the hyperglycemic obese mouse].
AB  - Peculiar cytoplasmic inclusions with crystalline pattern are described in the
      obese hyperglycaemic mouse pancreas acinar cells. They are generally associated
      with filamentous structures. However, crystalline and filamentous inclusions have
      also been observed in isolated forms. These inclusions are not digested by
      pronase. Since they have also been encountered in normal mice, it seems that the
      hyperglycaemic syndrome does not play a role in inducing their formation.

PMID- 174792
TI  - [Intracellular processes leading to the induction of insulin membrane receptors.
      Study on Acetabularia mediterranea].
AB  - Algal cells have been incubated for 7 to 10 days in darkness in sea water
      containing either actinomycin D or cycloheximide (10 mug/ml) or fructose glucose
      (5.5 mM). Measurements of insulin fixation to whole cells, plasma membranes or
      cytosol fractions after that treatment indicate that dark consumption of
      chloroplastic fructosans stored in photosynthetic conditions would lead to a
      "signal" inducing translation and transcription of nuclear DNA genetic message
      resulting in an increase of the number of insulin cellular receptor sites.

PMID- 174793
TI  - [Mesentery capillary barrier in rats injected intravascularly with ascitic
      Zajdela hepatoma. III. Effect of serotonin and histamine on the extravasation of
      the tumor].
AB  - The addition of serotonin or of histamin with tumoral cells of ascitic Zajdela's
      hepatoma and their injection in aorta induce plain hemodynamic changes and
      increase the tumoral extravasation. So only cells blocked in thrombi are observed
      in blood vessels. Therefore, serotonin and histamin do facilitate tumoral cells
      extravasation, allowing so a better metastatic diffusion in this experimental
      pattern.

PMID- 174794
TI  - Transplantable colon tumors as chemotherapy screening models.
AB  - A series of transplantable murine colon tumors have been developed from primary
      tumors induced by dimethylhydrazine. They are moderately- to well-differentiated
      adenocarcinomas which retain their histologic appearance and growth
      characteristics through successive transplant generations. The sensitivity of two
      tumor lines to 11 standard drugs is reported and some correlation shown with the
      sensitivity of human colorectal tumors to the same drugs. Therapeutic  indices
      are low and each tumor has an individual pattern of sensitivity. The models have
      potential as secondary drug screening systems and for investigation of factors
      affecting drug sensitivity.

PMID- 174795
TI  - The chemistry of carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - The structure of carcinoembryonic antigen is being determined as an approach to
      greater diagnostic specificity in the radioimmune assay. Examination by combined
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of derivatized saccharides from CEA has
      given a general outline of its carbohydrate structure. Sialic acid and fucose
      were completely destroyed, and galactose and mannose were partially destroyed by
      a single periodate treatment. Serial periodate oxidation (Smith degradation)
      destroyed additional amounts of galactose and mannose, as well as significant
      amounts of N-acetylglucosamine. Antigenic activity persisted, indicating that the
      residues destroyed played little, if any, part in the antigenicity of DEA.

PMID- 174796
TI  - Correlation of tumor burden with in vitro lymphocyte reactivity and antibodies to
      herpesvirus tumor-associated antigens in head and neck squamous carcinoma.
AB  - In 94 patients with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck region, the clinical
      extent of tumor was correlated with in vitro lymphocyte reactivity (LR) to
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and serum complement-fixing antibodies to herpes simplex
      virus (HSV)-induced tumor-associated antigen (TAA). Forty-six patients were tumor
      bearing and 48 were considered cured. Controls were 41 age-matched normals with
      histories of similar cigarette consumption. In 15 patients with Stage I
      carcinomas of the larynx, among whom the tumor diameter was 5 mm or less, mean LR
      or PHA did not differ from controls and 7 of 11 tested (63%) had antibodies to
      HSV-TAA. In 83 patients with more extensive tumors, LR to PHA was significantly
      lower than controls and 42 of 44 tested (95%) had antibodies to HSV-TAA. In both
      groups, LR to PHA was similar among tumor-bearing and cured patients. The study
      delineates a clinical tumor burden associated with impaired LR to PHA and a high
      incidence of antibodies to HSV-TAA in patients with squamous carcinomas of the
      head and neck region, and shows a correlation between the immune defects in
      clinically cured patients and tumor extent prior to treatment.

PMID- 174797
TI  - Cytoplasmic tubular arrays in cells of American Burkitt's type lymphoma.
AB  - Aggregates of tubular arrays associated with cysternae of endoplasmic reticulum
      were observed in untreated primary American form Burkitt's lymphoma. The tumor
      occurred in a white female child who died with severe central nervous system
      (CNS) involvement. Although the significance of the tubular structures and the
      mechanism by which they are formed remains unknown, the predilection of these
      structures for lymphoid and reticuloendothelial cells and their frequent
      association with either viral or suspected viral conditions cannot be overlooked.
      However, it is possible that the tubular structures may reflect an increased
      production of antibody protein in response to a viral antigen.

PMID- 174798
TI  - Ultrastructure of elastosis in scirrhous carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - The stroma of scirrhous breast carcinoma frequently contains an abundance of
      material with the histologic staining properties of elastic tissue referred to as
      elastosis. In the present study, this lesion was found to correspond at the
      ultrastructural level to elastic fibers of various sizes and random orientation.
      These fibers displayed the two characteristic components, consisting of an
      amorphous core with a peripheral mantle of microfibrils. Interspersed among the
      elastic fibers were modified fibroblasts. These cells exhibited an irregular
      contour with numerous cytoplasmic processes and indentations. Their cytoplasm
      contained abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi complexes, and
      bundles of filaments. In the extracellular space, elastic fibers were often
      closely apposed to the plasma membrane of the fibroblasts. Carcinoma cells were
      also observed in the elastic tissue. It is postulated that fibroblasts, probably
      under an inductive influence from cancer cells, are the cells responsible for
      elastic production.

PMID- 174799
TI  - An ultrastructural study of nine thymomas.
AB  - Nine thymomas, a normal adult thymus, and tissue culture of one thymoma were
      studied ultrastructurally. The histologic types of thymoma included lymphocytic,
      epithelial, mixed and spindle cell varieties. Two of the tumors were invasive and
      one was associated with myasthenia gravis. Despite the histologic
      dissimilarities, the complex anatomic interrelationships involving lymphocytes,
      epithelial cells, and blood vessels as seen in the thymus tended to be preserved
      in all but one of the thymomas. The exception was the spindle-cell thymoma which
      contained only rare lymphocytes and simpler vascular structures. The findings
      include variations in the frequency of demosomes and cytoplasmic fibrils of the
      epithelial cells, the occasional presence of lymphocytes within the laminated
      venules, and the unusual finding of a gland-like structure in one of the tumors.
      Correlations between ultrastructural changes and clinical behavior could not be
      made.

PMID- 174800
TI  - Ultrastructural study of the pineal germinoma in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The fine structure of a pineal germinoma was studied in tissue blocks and in
      tissue culture. The original tumor contained large primary tumor cells,
      lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and astrocytes. The large primary tumor
      cells were characterized by large nuclei, relatively scanty organelles, abundant
      glycogen, and junctional complexes. The neoplasm grew well in vitro and, with the
      exception of plasma cells, contained the same cell types found in vivo. The
      ultrastructural characteristics of the cells in vivo and in vitro were similar.
      In culture there were few large primary tumor cells. Macrophages, often involved
      in active phagocytosis, were prominent in the original tumor and were the most
      common cell type found in vitro. A tumor-associated immune response is postulated
      in this neoplasm.

PMID- 174801
TI  - Elastogenesis in adenomatoid tumor: histochemical and ultrastructural
      observations.
AB  - An adenomatoid tumor from the round ligament of a 50-year-old woman was studied
      by light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally the tumor was remarkably
      similar to normal as well as neoplastic mesothelium, thus lending further support
      to the concept of a mesothelial origin of adenomatoid tumors. Comparative
      histochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed presence of acid
      mucopolysaccharides mainly along the luminal borders of the tumor cells, thus
      indicating likely production of this material by the tumor cells as opposed to
      the stromal cells. The stroma was rich in elastic fibers and there was evidence
      of active elastogenesis. This paper represents the first unequivocal
      demonstration of elastogenesis in an adenomatoid tumor.

PMID- 174802
TI  - Gastric carcinoid with ectopic production of ACTH and beta-MSH.
AB  - A 51-year-old woman with typical Cushing's syndrome of about 9 years duration was
      shown to have a gastric carcinoid tumor. Plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol were
      elevated and lacked the normal diurnal rhythm. Urinary excretion of steroids was
      unaffected by the administration of either metyrapone or dexamethasone.
      Fluctuation in urinary steroid excretion, as well as transient hypokalemic
      alkalosis and glycosuria suggested periodic hormonogenesis. The extirpated
      gastric carcinoid was shown to contain immunoreactive ACTH and beta-MSH. However,
      the biologic ACTH activity was undetectable by in vivo steroidogenic assay. By
      gel filtration, it was demonstrated that both tumor and plasma ACTH was
      predominately "big" ACTH. Although postoperatively she developed
      hypoadrenocorticism severe enough to require ACTH treatment, her pituitary
      adrenal function was gradually restored. This is the first documented case of
      ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by gastric carcinoid in which successful cure was
      achieved by surgery.

PMID- 174803
TI  - Congenital anomalies in children with Wilms' tumor: a new survey.
AB  - From 68 hospitals in the National Wilms' Tumor Study, records of 547 patients
      showed six patients with aniridia, 16 with hemihypertrophy, and 24 with
      genitourinary abnormalities. Multiple cases of Wilms' tumor occurred in three
      families. The results confirm high frequencies of aniridia and genitourinary
      anomalies in patients with Wilms' tumor, and show that concurrence with
      hemihypertrophy may be more often recognized or recorded now than it was ten
      years ago. The results demonstrate the desirability of developing checklists for
      other childhood neoplasms some of which have their own constellation of
      anomalies.

PMID- 174804
TI  - Peptide hormones as tumor markers.
AB  - Ectopic production and secretion of hormones by a wide variety of tumors were
      initially recognized by signs and symptoms of excess circulating biologically
      active hormone. With the development of more sophisticated and sensitive
      techniques, it has become apparent that not all tumors secrete biologically
      active hormones. Some altered forms of polypeptide hormones may be in very high
      concentrations immunologically but be inactive biologically. On the other hand,
      polypeptide hormones may circulate at concentrations too low to induce clinical
      signs and symptoms. Consequently, new ectopic humoral syndromes have been
      recognized and the incidence of previously described syndromes has become
      considerably greater than previously recognized. Every hormone known to be
      normally secreted by endocrine organs or the placenta has been documented to be
      secreted ectopically by a wide variety of tumors. Moreover, several of those
      hormones may be used as biochemical markers of malignancy for both screening and
      monitoring of patients with documented or suspected tumors.

PMID- 174805
TI  - Induction of liver tumors by aflatoxin B1 in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis), a
      nonhuman primate.
AB  - The epidemiological studies suggest that aflatoxins, the toxic metabolites of the
      ubiquitous mold Aspergillus flavus, may play a significant role in the evolution
      of hepatocellular carcinoma in man in certain geographic areas of the world. To
      ascertain their carcinogenicity in nonhuman primates, we have administered highly
      purified aflatoxin B1, intermittently in the diet at 2 ppm, to 10 female and 8
      male tree shrews. The tree shrew (Tupaia glis) is a nonhuman primate occurring
      throughout Southeast Asia which can be reared easily in captivity. Of 12 animals
      that survived, 6 of 6 female (100%) and 3 of 6 male (50%) tree shrews developed
      hepatocellular carcinomas between 74 and 172 weeks after the beginning of the
      experiment. None of the 8 control animals developed liver cancers. The estimated
      total amount of aflatoxin B1 consumed by these animals ranged from 24 to 66 mg.
      The development of liver tumors did not follow a specific pattern; considerable
      variation in hepatocellular responses to aflatoxin B1 was noted in these animals.
      In 2 tree shrews, the liver tumors were associated with severe post necrotic
      scarring; in the other 7 tumor-bearing livers, only mild to moderate portal
      fibrosis was encountered. This individual variation in hepatocellular response
      and in the amount of aflatoxin B1 required to induce hepatocellular carcinomas is
      attributed to inherent differences in the susceptibility within a given species
      of outbred animals and suggests extreme caution in proposing the "permissible" or
      "safe" levels of contamination of carcinogens in the food-stuffs.

PMID- 174806
TI  - C-type virus particles in urethan-induced pulmonary and renal carcinomas, in cell
      graft-transmitted carcinosarcomas, and in filtrate-induced lymphomas in mice.
AB  - Repeated injections of urethan into suckling BALB/c mice induced multiple
      papillary adenocarcinomas in the lungs and kidneys. When the pulmonary tumors
      were transplanted i.p. by cell graft into 6 suckling BALB/c mice, they induced
      disseminated carcinosarcomas within the peritoneal cavity in all inoculated
      animals. Tumors resulting from the transplantation of tumor cells were used for
      preparation of filtered extracts. The filtrates were inoculated into 6 suckling
      BALB/c mice and induced generalized malignant lymphomas in all animals. The
      primary urethan-induced pulmonary and renal tumors, the carcinosarcomas that
      resulted from i.p. cell transfer, and also the generalized malignant lymphomas
      induced by inoculation of filtered extracts contained C-type virus particles.
      Theoretically, it could be assumed that both the primary urethan-induced
      pulmonary and renal tumors, as well as the cell-graft-induced peritoneal
      carcinosarcomas, contained the C-type virus particles as passengers, not
      necessarily related etiologically to the tumors in which they were found. It is
      quite likely, however, that these virus particles were etiologically related to
      the filtrate-induced malignant lymphomas in which they were also found.

PMID- 174807
TI  - Distribution of viral glycoprotein gp 69/71 on cell surfaces of producer and
      nonproducer cells.
AB  - The distribution of the viral glycoprotein, gp 69/71, was studied on the cell
      surfaces of virus-producing and nonproducing cells. gp 69/71 was distributed
      evenly on cell membranes and on viral membranes of cells producing murine
      leukemia virus. gp 69/71 was distributed uniformly on cell membranes of
      thymocytes from NZB and strain 129 mice but was not detected on cell membranes of
      BALB/c thymocytes. Viral particles were associated with NZB and BALB/c thymocytes
      but were not in or on 129 thymocytes. We conclude that the presence of gp 69/71
      on thymocyte membranes is not related to virus production. In the strains showing
      gp 69/71 on their thymocyte surfaces (NZB and 129), a large percentage of the
      thymocytes are positively labeled, all more or less equally. Immunochemical
      analysis of cell surface proteins labeled with 125I corroborated the
      ultrastructural observations. Thus, gp 69/71 can be expressed on the surface of
      thymocytes independently of virus particle production.

PMID- 174808
TI  - Generation and compensation of the cancer cachectic process by spontaneous
      modification of feeding behavior.
AB  - Daily food intake and corresponding feeding activity (measured as duration) and
      feeding efficiency (amount of food ingested per unit of feeding activity) were
      measured both in normal Sprague-Dawley and Buffalo rats and during growth of
      Walker 256 and 4M mammary carcinomas in Sprague-Dawley rats and of Morris 5123
      hepatoma in Buffalo rats. Estimates of meal size and frequency were also
      obtained. Growth of the carcinomas produced a decline in feeding activity
      accompanied, early in tumor growth, by a compensatory increase in feeding
      efficiency with no resultant effect on food intake. This compensated decline in
      feeding activity was due to reduction in average meal duration. Later, meal
      frequency was also reduced, with further reduction in feeding activity and
      reduction in food intake. There was little change in average meal size. The
      hepatoma produced a different detailed pattern of effect on feeding behavior.
      These effects are not nonspecific reactions to foreign tissue. The effects imply
      behavioral compensation for the breakdown of a rapidly responding physiological
      control of food intake and can be interpreted in terms of successive impairment
      of feeding control mechanisms that have different response rates and different
      behavioral modes.

PMID- 174809
TI  - Characterization of growth properties and demonstration of the tumor-specific
      transplantation antigens of Morris hepatomas.
AB  - The growth properties of single-tumor-cell suspensions prepared by enzymatic
      digestion of solid tumors from Morris hepatomas 7777, 5123tc, and 3924a and the
      presence of tumor-specific transplantation antigen for tumor lines 7777 and 3924a
      were described. Two of the tumor cell lines (7777 and 3924a) showed consistent
      i.m. tumor growth following the inoculation of 1 x 10(5) tumor cells, and a
      similar dose of 5123tc tumor cells resulted in inconsistent tumor growth. Two of
      the tumor lines (5123tc and 7777) were associated with rapid appearance of lung
      metastases, whereas with line 3924a metastatic lung lesions rarely developed
      despite its rapid i.m. tumor growth rate. Tumor resistance to rechallenge with a
      threshold inoculum of tumor cells was present in approximately 15 to 50% of the
      animals following amputation of an existing tumor mass. Resistance to a challenge
      tumor cell inoculum could also be accomplished by immunization with irradiated
      tumor cells. Tumor-specific resistance was demonstrated to tumor line 3924a in
      that "immune" animals were able to resist a challenge with 3924a tumor cells but
      did not resist a challenge with tumor line 9098.

PMID- 174810
TI  - Altered microfilament structure in cells transformed with a temperature-sensitive
      transformation mutant of murine sarcoma virus.
AB  - The structure and distribution of microfilaments were examined by electron
      microscopy in uninfected normal rat kidney (NRK) cells, murine sarcoma virus
      (MSV)-transformed NRK cells, and NRK cells infected with a cold-sensitive
      transformation mutant of MSV, i.e., NRK (MSV-1b) cells, grown at both permissive
      (39 degrees) and nonpermissive (33 degrees) temperature. The uninfected cells
      contained numerous microfilaments which were especially prominent at sites of
      intercellular adherens junctions. In contrast, the MSV-transformed cells
      contained few microfilaments and did not form adherens junctions. At 33 degrees,
      the NRK (MSV-1b) cells appeared normal but formed an altered form of adherens
      junction with disorganized microfilaments. At 39 degrees, these cells resembled
      NRK cells transformed by wild-type MSV but still formed a few of the altered type
      of adherens junctions. Disorganized adherens junction microfilaments were also
      found in cells newly infected with wild-type MSV. These results suggest that the
      perturbed assembly of microfilaments at adherens junctions may be an intermediate
      stage in the loss of adherens junctions during viral transformation.

PMID- 174811
TI  - Effect of neuraminidase and papain treatment on lectin-induced agglutination of
      Novikoff tumor cells and assay of lectin receptor activity of the glycopeptides
      released from the cell surface by papain.
AB  - Lectins, plant proteins that bind specific saccharide determinants, have been
      utilized to examine the effect of neuraminidase digestion on the structure and/or
      expression of oligosaccharide moieties present at the periphery of Novikoff
      ascites hepatoma cells. Five lectins were utilized: concanavalin A (Con A),
      specific for alpha-D-manno- or alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues; wheat germ
      agglutinin, specific for 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl residues; Ricinus
      communis agglutinin I (RCAI), specific for D-glucopyranosyl residues; R. communis
      agglutinin II (RCAII), specific for D-galacto- or 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D
      galactopyranosyl residues; and soybean agglutinin, specific for 2-acetamido-2
      deoxy-D-galactopyranosyl residues. Neuraminidase treatment of Novikoff cells did
      not alter their agglutination by Con A or wheat germ agglutinin. Similar
      treatment produced only a 2-fold increase in their agglutination by RCAI but a 12
      fold increase in their agglutination by RCAII, indicating that 2-acetamido-2
      deoxy-D-galactopyranosyl residues become expressed upon neuraminidase treatment.
      This conclusion was confirmed by the observation that neuraminidase-treated
      Novikoff cells acquired agglutinability by soybean agglutinin. Binding studies
      using ferritin-conjugated RCAII indicated that neuraminidase treatment exposed
      cryptic cell surface receptors for RCAII. To ascertain the role of cell surface
      glycoproteins in lectin-induced agglutination of Novikoff cells, glycopeptides
      cleaved from the cell surface by papain were assayed for lectin receptor
      activity. The cell surface glycopeptides exhibited receptor activity for Con A,
      wheat germ agglutinin and RCAI but not for RCAII and soybean agglutinin. A cell
      surface macrosialoglycopeptide fraction, resolved by gel filtration and ion
      exchange chromatography, possessed a major portion of the Con A and RCAI receptor
      activity.

PMID- 174812
TI  - Breakage of human cell DNA after exposure to 3-methylcholanthrene-11,12-oxide.
AB  - Damage to and repair of DNA isolated from human neonatal and fetal skin cells
      were measured by alkaline sucrose gradient analysis. 3-Methylcholanthrene did not
      induce single-strand breaks in DNA of the cells in culture, whereas the 11,12
      oxide of 3-methylcholanthrene was very effective in this regard. The cis-1,2
      dihydroxy, trans-11,12-dihydroxy, and cis-11,12-dihydroxy derivatives of 3
      methylcholanthrene exerted little effect. The breaks in DNA caused by 3
      methylcholanthrene oxide occurred during a 60-min incubation period and were
      repaired during the following 60 min. Methylmethane sulfonate also induced breaks
      in the DNA within 60 min.

PMID- 174813
TI  - Kinetic and regulatory properties of pyruvate dehydrogenase from Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cells.
AB  - Pyruvate dehydrogenase was partially purified from Ehrlich ascites tumor cell
      mitochondria and its kinetic properties were determined. The apparent KM values
      for pyruvate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and coenzyme A (CoA) were 46
      muM, 110 muM, and 36 muM, respectively. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      and acetyl-CoA inhibited enzyme activity competitively to nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide (Ki = 22 muM) and CoA (Ki = 58 muM), respectively. Copurified alpha
      ketoglutarate dehydrogenase displayed apparent KM values for alpha-ketoglutarate,
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and CoA of 1.25 mM, 67 muM, and 50 muM,
      respectively. Pyruvate dehydrogenase, but not alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase,
      was inactivated specifically by adenosine triphosphate with concomitant
      phosphorylation, and it was reactivated at 10 mM Mg2+ by a protein fraction
      separated from the complex during purification. The rate of inactivation was
      decreased by pyruvate or pyrophosphate. The existence of active and inactive
      forms of pyruvate dehydrogenase in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was demonstrated.
      Active form and total activity were determined to be 74.0 +/- 1.5 and 93.6 +/-
      4.9 munits/g packed cells (mean +/- S.E., n = 25), respectively.

PMID- 174814
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in neoplastic and nonneoplastic human
      mammary tissues.
AB  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity was studied in 33 malignant
      neoplastic, 2 benign neoplastic, and 18 nonneoplastic human mammary tissues.
      Enzyme activity, using both cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and cyclic
      guanosine 3':5'-monosphosphate as substrates, was measured in whole homogenates
      over a concentration range of 1 to 100 muM. Specific activity was calculated at
      substrate concentrations of 1 muM (low KM enzyme activity) and 100 muM (high KM
      activity). Diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography was used to separate the
      different enzyme species. The malignant neoplastic tissues had higher levels of
      both low-KM cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and low-KM cyclic guanosine
      3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterases. Further, the mean value of the ratio of
      low-km cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate to low-KM cyclic guanosine 3':5'
      monophosphate activity was higher for the cancer tissues than for the
      nonneoplastic tissues. Diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography indicated the
      presence of three enzymes in both neoplastic and nonneoplastic mammary tissue.
      The kinetic as well as regulatory properties of the separated enzymes indicated
      that they are distinct enzyme activities. The phosphodiesterase properties were
      similar for neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues and resembled those described
      previously in many other mammalian tissues. While both neoplastic and
      nonneoplastic tissues had detectable levels of the protein activator for
      phosphodiesterase, the cancer tissues appeared to have a higher level.

PMID- 174815
TI  - Croton oil- and benzo(a)pyrene-induced changes in cyclic adenosine  3':5'
      monophosphate and cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase
      activities in mouse epidermis.
AB  - The topical application of croton oil, benzo(a)pyrene, acetic acid, and 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate to mouse skin caused an increase in the activity
      of epidermal low-affinity cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      phosphodiesterase. The increase was most pronounced with croton oil, began
      between 4 and 6 hr after application of this material, and was maintained for at
      least 48 hr. The activity of cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      phosphodiesterase was also increased by treatment with croton oil or 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, but detailed time courses were not obtained.
      Increased activity was observed in both the soluble fractions and the washed
      particulate fractions of epidermis. Fractionation of soluble extracts from
      acetone-treated epidermis on DEAE-cellulose columns showed the presence of
      enzymes with specificity for both cyclic AMP and cyclic guanosine 3':5'
      monophosphate, together with a peak catalyzing the hydrolysis of both cyclic AMP
      and cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate. The activity of this latter nonspecific
      activity was selectively increased following treatment with croton oil. The
      increase in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity was partially abolished by
      multiple injections of cycloheximide, suggesting that new protein synthesis was
      involved. Injection of the alpha-receptor antagonist phentolamine abolished a
      croton oil-induced rise in epidermal cyclic AMP levels and decreased the
      induction of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity. From these results it was
      concluded that the increase in enzyme activity was induced by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 174816
TI  - Limitations and utility of a cytolytic assay for measuring simian virus 40
      induced cell surface antigens.
AB  - Antisera were produced against an SV40-transformed cell line in the syngeneic
      AL/N mouse. With a microcytolytic assay, the specificity of antisera produced by
      various immunization schedules and their ability to lyse numerous SV40
      transformed cell lines were determined. Various AL/N mouse cell lines, newly
      transformed by SV40 and cloned, were found to be lysed by the antisera. When
      tumors were induced by SV40-transformed cells in the syngeneic mouse and cell
      lines were reestablished from tumors and such procedures were repeated, the
      susceptibility to serum-mediated cytolysis of the sublines was the same as that
      of the original SV40-transformed cell line, in spite of differences in
      tumorigenicity. Polyoma virus-transformed AL/N cell lines were also lysed while
      AL/N embryo cells, untransformed by SV40 or by polyoma, were not. SV40
      transformed T-antigen-positive BALB/c mouse or hamster cell lines or a T-antigen
      positive tissue cultured human cell were also resistant to lysis. A competition
      type of microassay demonstrated specific inhibition of the serum-mediated
      cytolysis by all of the SV40 T-antigen-positive cell lines tested. Thus, the lack
      of lysis of cells did not necessarily indicate the absence of SV40-induced
      surface antigens. The polyoma-transformed AL/N cell line also inhibited the
      antisera, but to a lesser extent, suggesting the possibility that SV40 and
      polyoma virus transformation may result in the appearance of partially common
      cell surface antigens.

PMID- 174817
TI  - Brain tissue transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye. 4. Drug-modulated
      transmitter release in central monoamine nerve terminals lacking normal
      postsynaptic receptors.
AB  - Small pieces of fetal rat brain selected to contain a high number of
      noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neuroblasts were
      transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye of adult rats. The sympathetic
      ground plexus of the host iris was removed by superior cervical ganglionectomy so
      that transmitter mechanisms of the different central monoamine fibers innervating
      the iris could be selectively studied after intraocular maturation. Such irides,
      containing NA, DA, or 5-HT nerve terminals were incubated with radiolabelled
      transmitters and then stimulated by an electrical field while superfused, to
      investigate the spontaneous and stimulation-induced release of amine, both in
      drug-free buffer and buffer containing drugs acting on monoamine receptors. The
      central monoamine neurons of all three types were able to take up exogenous
      amines and release them upon stimulation by an electrical field, in much the same
      way as corresponding nerves in situ in slices of cerebral cortex (NA, 5-HT) or
      olfactory tubercle (DA). The alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking agent
      phentolamine increased the stimulation-induced release of 3H-NA from central NA
      fibers on the iris significantly. The dopamine receptor stimulating agent
      apomorphine decreased the stimulation-induced release of 3H-DA from central DA
      fibers on the iris. Pimozide, a DA receptor blocking drug tended to increase the
      3H-DA release. The 5-HT receptor stimulating agent ergocornine tended to reduce
      the stimulation-induced release of 3H-5-HT from central 5-HT fibers on the iris.
      It was concluded that all three types of central monoamine nerve fibers develop
      essentially normal transmitter storage and release mechanisms also in an
      environment completely devoid of normal postsynaptic receptors. The drug
      experiments add strong support to the view that there are presynaptic monoamine
      receptors ("autoreceptors") able to modulate transmitter release present on the
      monoamine nerve terminals.

PMID- 174819
TI  - Effect of "restricted ovulator" gene on uptake of yolk-precursor protein.
AB  - The bulk of the yolk proteins and lipoproteins constituting the yolks of mature
      oocytes in birds are synthesized by the liver and transported via the plasma to
      the oocytes where they are incorporated by micropinocytosis. Evidence is
      presented indicating that oocytes of hens possessing a mutation identified by
      Jones, Briles, and Schjeide as a "restricted ovulator gene" fail to incorporate
      normal amounts and proportions of low density lipoproteins, lipovitellin and
      possible other proteins making up the bulk of the yolk material. Plasma albumin
      is taken into the yolks but the other proteins synthesized by the liver for
      deposition within the oocytes accumulate in the plasma, attaining very high
      levels. The possible nature of the "lock" preventing normal deposition of the
      excluded yolk proteins is discussed.

PMID- 174818
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons, ciliated perikarya and "peptidergic"
      synapses in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of teleostean fishes.
AB  - The magnocellular preoptic nucleus of fishes (Anguilla anguilla, Amiurus
      nebulosus, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idella,
      Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Two
      kinds of neurons Were found: a) large, electron-dense, Gomori-positive cells with
      moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) positivity which contain granulated vesicles
      of 1400 to 2200 A (in average 1600 to 1800 A), adn b) small, strongly AChE
      positive, electron-lucent neurons containing granulated vesicles of 900 to 1200
      A. The nerve cells are supplied with axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses.
      These are formed by axon terminals containing either 1. synaptic vesicles of 500
      A, or 2. synaptic vesicles of 500 A and dense-core vesicles of 600 to 800 A, or
      3. synaptic vesicles of 600 A and granulated vesicles of up to 1100 A, or 4.
      synaptic vesicles of about 400 A and granulated vesicles of up to 1800 A. The
      presence of "peptidergic" and numerous other synapses shows the complexity of the
      organization and afferentation of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus. In the eel,
      both types of nerve cells form dendritic terminals within the cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF). These CSF contacting dendrites are supplied with 9 x 2 + 0 cilia. In the
      other species investigated, only some large neurons build up intraventricular
      endings. The ependymofugal process of the CSF contacting neurons enters the
      preoptic-neurohypophysial tract. Perikarya of both the large and the small cells
      may give rise to single, paired or multiple 9 x 2 + 0 cilia extending into the
      intercellular space. The number of CSF contacting neurons is reciprocal to the
      number of perikarya with intercellular cilium. These latter cells may represent
      modified, more differentiated forms of the CSF contacting neurons. We think that
      atypical cilia protruding into the intercellular space may have the same
      significance for the intercellular fluid as the cilia of the intraventricular
      dendrites of the CSF contacting neurons for the CSF.

PMID- 174820
TI  - New ultrastructural features on the cream hamster thyroid with special reference
      to the second kind of follicle.
AB  - The thyroid cells of the cream hamster, characterized by abundance of
      microtubules and stratification of the organelles, undergo a particular evolution
      when the animals grow older. These changes are characterized by an increase of
      the number of lysosomes which in extreme cases become so prominent that they
      occupy the whole cytoplasm of the cell which thus loses its organelle
      stratification. As in other species, cream hamster thyroid contains so-called
      ultimobranchial follicles made up of at least six cell types: fibrillar dark and
      light cells, parafollicular cells, ciliated cells, vesicular cells, and cells
      with myelinic inclusions. The ultrastructure of these follicles in the cream
      hamster represents a mixture of the ultrastructural characteristics of the same
      follicles encountered in the rat and the mouse thyroid. Here also mixed follicles
      are seen. Nevertheless vesicular cells present such abundant "secretion granules"
      that the question arises as to whether these follicles produce a special
      secretion and perhaps a new hormone. Incubation of cream hamster thyroids in the
      prescence of vincristine induces vanishing of microtubules, formation of
      paracrystalline structures, and loss of stratification  of the organelles.
      Although these last effects might be due to some specific toxic effect of the
      drug, it is suggested that the disappearing of the organelle stratification might
      result from a specific vincristine-induced disaggregation of the microtubules
      acting as a cytoskeleton.

PMID- 174821
TI  - In vitro effects of histamine liberator compound 48/80 on rat superior cervical
      ganglia with special regard to the small granule-containing cells.
AB  - The effect of the histamine liberator compound 48/80 on the rat superior cervical
      ganglia in vitro has been investigated. After incubation of the ganglia with
      compound 48/80: (1) ganglionic mast cells degranulate in the same manner as in
      other tissues; (2) cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons are not affected by
      compound 48/80; (3) there is evidence that ganglionic interneurons, the monoamine
      containing cells are activated. The ultrastructural aspects of this process are
      characterized by degranulation of perikarya and accumulation of dense core
      vesicles in cell processes and in terminals adjacent to presynaptic membranes.
      These vesicles vary in size between 200-800 A in diameter. They may represent
      storage sites of the neuro-transmitter complexes that have undergone exocytosis.
      The results are discussed with special reference to models of exocytotic
      processes involving the adrenergic transmitter. It is concluded that monoamine
      containing cells represent interneurons in sympathetic ganglia which inhibit
      ganglionic transmission and which are stimulated by low concentrations of
      compound 48/80 in vitro.

PMID- 174822
TI  - The cases of cancer seen at a Botswana hospital 1968-1972.

PMID- 174823
TI  - [Use of demographic method for the study of adenoviruses and herpesviruses in a
      closed infants' community].

PMID- 174824
TI  - Studies on peptides. LIII. Synthesis of the docosapeptide corresponding to the
      entire amino acid sequence of porcine ACTH-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

PMID- 174825
TI  - Antibody responses to a combination vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type
      b, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.
AB  - Forty-one children were studied in order to provide information on antibody
      responses to H. influenzae type b polyribophosphate (PRP), given in combination
      with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DPT). When PRP was administered alone,
      9 of 15 children demonstrated fourfold or greater increases in titres of anti-PRP
      antibody. In contrast, in the group receiving a combination vaccine consisting of
      DPT and PRP only 1 of 13 children showed a similar rise in anti-PRP antibody. It
      was concluded that, in the population studied, the combination vaccine was less
      effective than PRP alone. The reasons for this difference and its potential
      significance are discussed.

PMID- 174826
TI  - [Isoelectric variants of the principal polypeptide (p 30) of different strains of
      murine oncornaviruses].
AB  - The major murine oncornavirus polypeptide p 30 (30,000 daltons), which bears the
      conventional group-specific (gs) determinants, can be separated by isoelectric
      focusing into four classes, with isoelectric points (pI) of 5.5, 5.9, 6.7 and
      7.1. All the Moloney stocks tested have a pI 5.9 p 30, while p 30's with three to
      four different pI values are found to coexist in other stocks, with the pI 6.7
      form predominating in Gross virus stocks.

PMID- 174827
TI  - [In vitro transmission of mouse leukemia virus to restrictive mouse cells:
      necessity for mixed infection by two different leukemia viruses].
AB  - The plaque formation of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) in non permissive mouse
      cells (N-tropic MuLV in B-type cells, or B-tropic MuLV in N-type cells) was
      increased by murine sarcoma virus whose plaque-forming activity was extremely low
      (MuSV XC-). The infection of N-tropic MuLV in B-type cells was increased by MuSV
      XC- propagated only in N-type cells but not in B-type cells, and the infection of
      B-tropic MuLV in N-type cells by MuSV XC- propagated only in B-type cells but not
      in N-type cells.

PMID- 174828
TI  - [Stimulation of SV40 virus replication in Chinese hamster kidney cells by
      treatment of the cells with mitomycin C].
AB  - The production of virions by Chinese hamster kidney cells infected with SV 40 DNA
      is increased 10 to 100 fold by mitomycin C treatment. This observation has been
      confirmed for different cell clones. The optimum concentration of mitomycin C has
      been determined.

PMID- 174829
TI  - [The peroxisomes of Triturus cristatus (amphibian, urodele) adrenal cortex cells:
      peroxisome number as a function of steroidogenic activity].
AB  - Peroxisomes are scarce in the poorly active interrenal cells of hypophysectomized
      animals; their number increases drastically in cells which are stimulated by
      corticotrophic factors. A precise correlation appears thus to exist between the
      steroidogenic activity of the interrenal cells and the number of peroxisomes in
      these cells.

PMID- 174830
TI  - [Selection of cell lines resistant to ouabain from murine plasmacytoma MOPC 173.
      Cross resistance to cyclic AMP, theophylline, and concanavalin A].
AB  - Using ouabain as a selective agent, we obtained from a contact inhibited and a
      non contact inhibited cell layer derived from the same plasmocytoma, different
      resistant cell lines. All of them were ouabain resistant but were also able to
      grow in presence of normallly toxic levels of cAMP, theophylline and concanavalin
      A.

PMID- 174831
TI  - [Purification and study of equine infectious anemia virus antigens, produced in
      vivo or in cultured cells].
AB  - The G and C antigens of equine infectious anemia virus have been produced in vivo
      and in infected cell culture, then they have been purified. Their physico
      chemical properties have been determined, particularly their molecular weight,
      their sedimentation coefficient, their density and the iso electric point.

PMID- 174832
TI  - [Primary liver carcinogenesis induced by the pesticide 2-(4-tert-butylphenoxy0-1
      methylethyl 2-chloroethyl sulphite (Aramite)].
AB  - Wistar rats were fed, during 56 weeks, a diet containing 5 g/kg of Aramite. At
      the end of the treatment, all the surviving animals show, on anatomo-pathological
      examination, malignant proliferation of the hepatic tissue and, in certain cases,
      of biliary ducts. This compound, proposed in the past as acaricide in
      agriculture, can thus be considered as a model substance for induction of
      malignant liver tumors.

PMID- 174833
TI  - Changes in cyclic nucleotide levels and contractile force in the isolated hypoxic
      rat heart during perfusion with glucagon.
AB  - Isolated rat hearts were perfused with hormonal concentrations of glucagon during
      a hypoxic perfusion to determine whether it would enhance recovery after
      reoxygenation. Rat hearts were divided into two groups: (1) those perfused with
      glucose-free Tyrode's solution and (2) those perfused with Tyrode's solution
      containing glucose. During 3 minutes of exposure to hypoxia both untreated hearts
      and hearts perfused with glucagon demonstrated a decrease in contractile force to
      10-20% of control. When glucose was present in the perfusion medium, cardiac
      performance was better during both the periods of hypoxia and reoxygenation.
      During reoxygenation, recovery of contractile force was significantly better (P
      less than 0.05) in glucagon-perfused hearts than in untreated hearts; this
      improved recovery occurred regardless of whether glucose was included in the
      medium. The enhanced recovery of the glucagon-perfused hearts was associated with
      decreases in myocardial levels of guanosine, 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP)
      both during the periods of hypoxia and reoxygenation. At the end of the hypoxic
      period, cyclic GMP levels in the glucagon-perfused hearts were 20-64% of the
      levels in untreated hearts. Similarly, after 5 minutes of reoxygenation cyclic
      GMP levels in the glucagon-perfused hearts were 21% of the levels in the
      untreated hearts. The effect of glucagon on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic
      AMP) concentrations in untreated hearts and in hearts receiving glucagon was not
      significantly different either after 3 minutes of hypoxia or during
      reoxygenation. The rate of anaerobic glycolysis after 3 minutes of hypoxia was
      higher in untreated hearts than in glucagon-perfused hearts, as determined by the
      lactate content of coronary perfusates. These studies suggest that hormonal
      concentrations of glucagon exert a protective effect on the hypoxic rat heart
      which involves a modulation of cardiac cyclic GMP accumulation.

PMID- 174834
TI  - The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cardiovascular
      homeostasis in normal human subjects.
AB  - To examine the role of angiotensin II in the maintenance of blood pressure and
      the control of aldosterone secretion in man, eight normal subjects were studied
      on a tilt table in sodium replete and sodium depleted states prior to and
      subsequent to the intravenous infusion of an angiotensin converting enzyme
      inhibitor (CEI). In both the sodium replete or sodium depleted state, upright
      tilting resulted in an increase in heart rate and a narrowing of pulse pressure.
      None of the sodium replete or depleted subjects fainted. Tilting was accompanied
      by a rise in plasma renin activity with an associated rise in plasma aldosterone
      concentration. When converting enzyme inhibitor was administered, which blocked
      the generation of angiotensin II, sodium replete subjects were able to compensate
      for an upright tilt, despite the absence of angiotensin II, without significant
      hemodynamic change when compared to control state. In sodium depleted subjects,
      after the administration of converting enzyme inhibitor, there was a sharp and
      significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure associated with a
      significant rise in heart rate. All but one sodium depleted subject fainted
      within seven minutes. Both plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma renin
      activity rose on tilting in both sodium replete and sodium depleted subjects.
      After the administration of converting enzyme inhibitor, plasma aldosterone
      failed to rise in association with a rise in plasma renin activity. In supine
      subjects, after the administration of converting enzyme inhibitor, plasma renin
      activity rose but plasma aldosterone concentration fell. In sodium depleted
      subjects, after the administration of CEI, aldosterone fell to a level
      significantly lower than that in supine controls and to a level no different from
      the supine sodium replete subject. These results indicate that angiotensin II is
      essential for blood pressure maintenance in sodium depleted individuals, that
      angiotensin II exerts a direct feedback control on renin secretion, and that
      angiotensin II is the primary stimulus to aldosterone secretion in response to
      both sodium depletion and to posture.

PMID- 174835
TI  - Dual radionuclide study of myocardial infarction. Relationships between
      myocardial uptake of potassium-43, technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate,
      regional myocardial blood flow and creatine phosphokinase depletion.
AB  - The dual radionuclide myocardial distributions of imaging agents potassium-43
      (43K) and technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) were studied in a 24
      hour closed chest canine infarct preparation. In multiple myocardial biopsies in
      20 dogs, tissue levels of both radionuclides were compared to either an index of
      tissue viability (myocardial creatine phosphokinase [CPK] depletion), or to
      estimates of regional myocardial blood flow as measured by the microsphere
      technique. Myocardial 43K uptake in the ischemic and infarcted zone correlated
      well with both CPK depletion (r = 0.73) and microsphere estimates of relative
      blood flow. The correlation with microspheres was excellent in the transmural
      sample (r = 0.93) as well as endocardial (r = 0.97) and epicardial (r = 0.86)
      portions. On the other hand, 99mTc-PYP myocardial uptake did not correlate with
      the extent of CPK depletion. Maximal uptake was frequently noted in border zones
      with only moderate CPK depletion, while lesser degrees of 99mTc-PYP uptake were
      noted in the central infarct zone where CPK activity was lowest. The relationship
      of 99mTc-PYP uptake to microsphere regional flow estimates demonstrated that
      99mTc-PYP uptake was maximal at flows of 0.3 to 0.4 of normal. At lower flows,
      99mTc-PYP uptake fell toward normal levels. A similar relationship was noted
      between the distributions of 99mTc-PYP and 43K. In relatively high flow border
      segments (larger than or equal to 0.80 of normal), abnormal 99mTc-PYP uptake of
      five to six times normal persisted. The transmural distribution of 99mTc-PYP
      demonstrated that in low flow regions 99mTc-PYP uptake was primarily epicardial,
      while in the higher flow ischemic periphery of the infarct endocardial uptake
      predominated. Thus, while there is a direct correlation between cationic 43K
      myocardial uptake and regional myocardial viability and blood flow, no such
      direct relationship exists for 99mTc-PYP. This is in part based on the necessity
      for delivery of the radioactive tracer to the infarct zone.

PMID- 174836
TI  - Superoxide anions and other components of human renal adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The levels of superoxide anion production, cytochrome P450, ornithine
      decarboxylase(E.C.4.1.1.17), catalase(E.C.1.11.1.6), deoxyribonucleic acid,
      ribonucleic acid and protein have been studied in human kidney and renal clear
      cell adenocarcinoma tissues. The levels of superoxide anion production, ornithine
      decarboxylase, catalase and ribonucleic acid in the tumor tissue are very
      different from those in the kidney.

PMID- 174837
TI  - Separation of A and E prostaglandins by celite partition chromatography for
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - This report describes the use of celite partition chromatography to separate the
      A and E prostaglandins. The stationary phase consists of a glycine-HCL buffer, pH
      3.6-3.7. The mobile phase consists of mixtures of ethyl acetate in toluene. At
      this critical hydrogen ion concentration of the stationary phase, the two
      prostaglandin groups are clearly separated on the basis of their difference in
      polarity, with greater than 95% recoveries and only 5% overlap of the elution
      patterns. It is anticipated that specific radioimmunoassays can be achieved by
      combining this system with partially specific antisera.

PMID- 174838
TI  - Lipoprotein pre-staining: comparison of nitroblue tetrazolium and Sudan Black B.
AB  - Nitroblue tetrazolium and Sudan Black B have been compared as pre-staining agents
      for human serum lipoproteins, using acrylamide gel gradients. Results from
      Nitroblue tetrazolium staining should be used with caution for low and very low
      density lipoproteins, and further work appears necessary on the reaction with
      alpha-lipoproteins.

PMID- 174839
TI  - [An immunoelectrophoretic study of plasma lipoproteins in a case of familial
      deficiency of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (author's transl)].
AB  - The lipid composition and apopeptide patterns of plasma LDL and VLDL have been
      studied in a patient with LCAT deficiency, using two-dimensional
      immunoelectrophoresis. After absorption of a fat meal an elevation of VLDL
      apopeptides C was observed. Apo-LDL also showed an abnormal relative increase of
      apo-C. After heparin-induced lipolysis, a shift of apo-C from chylomicra and VLDL
      to LDL was noticed by the striking increase of apo-C in this last lipoprotein
      class. In view of the present and previously published results the possible
      mechanisms involved in lipoprotein catabolism in LCAT deficiency are discussed.

PMID- 174840
TI  - Urinary lactate excretion in normal children and in children with enzyme defects
      of carbohydrate metabolism.
AB  - Urinary lactate was analyzed in 53 normal children, 7 children with glucose-6
      phosphatase-deficient glycogenosis, 1 child with fructose-1,6-diphosphatase
      deficiency and 1 child with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Lactate in 24-h
      urine was expressed as concentration, total excretion, excretion per kg body
      weight and per 1.73 m2 body surface, and as lactate/creatinine quotient. Of these
      parameters, the lactate concentration in 24-h urine showed the smallest variation
      in normal children (0.155 +/- 0.053 mM), whereas in patients with one of the
      above mentioned enzymopathies 10-300-fold elevations were found. The
      lactate/creatinine quotient, normal range 0.010 to 0.058 (mM/mM) was also used to
      correct for unnoticed losses of urine. Both parameters, used in conjunction with
      blood lactate analysis, are suitable for a first screening of patients with
      enzymopathies of carbohydrate metabolism, and for the follow-up study of the
      steady or unsteady state of the patient with an enzyme defect of carbohydrate
      metabolism.

PMID- 174841
TI  - Corticosteroid sulfate excretion and estrogen receptors in breast cancer.
AB  - The urinary excretion of corticosteroid sulfates and free cortisol were
      determined in 150 breast cancer patients. Four of 60 cases of early breast cancer
      (7%) and 26 of 90 patients with advanced breast cancer (29%) showed an elevated
      urinary corticosteroid sulfate excretion. Urinary free cortisol was usually
      normal. Estrogen receptor assays were performed on tumor samples from 67 breast
      cancer patients; 24 were from primary lesions obtained at mastectomy, 3 from
      inoperable primaries in patients with systemic metastases, and 40 from
      metastases. Sixteen of the primary breast cancers (67%), 26 of the metastases
      (65%) and 1 of the 3 inoperable primaries contained estrogen receptors. With 2
      exceptions, patients with an increased urinary corticosteroid sulfate excretion
      also had estrogen receptor-containing tumors.

PMID- 174843
TI  - [Clinical use of hypothalamic hormones].

PMID- 174844
TI  - [Steroid hormones: introduction].

PMID- 174842
TI  - Male pseudohermaphroditism with hypertension due to a 17alpha-hydroxylation
      deficiency.
AB  - A case of male pseudohermaphroditism aged 48 years with systemic hypertension and
      hypokalaemic alkalosis is described. Results of metabolic studies point to a
      17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency demonstrated by low cortisol (0-56 mg/24 h), high
      corticosterone (270 mg/24 h) and 11-deoxycorticosterone (5 mg/24 h) secretion
      rates. Adrenocorticotrophin and gonadotrophin levels were markedly raised but
      plasma androstenedione (3 ng/dl), testosterone (17 ng/dl), oestrone (3 ng/dl) and
      oestradiol(1-8 ng/dl) were all low. Plasma aldosterone levels and secretion rates
      in urine were low and were surprisingly unaffected by dexamethasone therapy
      although low renin levels rose with a marked return of the erect posture effect.
      Therapeutic levels of dexamethasone were, however, followed by incipient renal
      failure.

PMID- 174845
TI  - [Estrogen receptor in target organs and induced proteins in activation
      mechanism].

PMID- 174846
TI  - [Activating mechanism (progestogen)].

PMID- 174847
TI  - [Effects of catecholamines on ACTH releasing organs and ACTH release].

PMID- 174848
TI  - Ectodermal dysplasia, mental retardation, cleft lip/palate and other anomalies in
      three sibs.
AB  - Three females in a sibship of 10 have a syndrome of mental retardation,
      ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Inconstant features are
      congenital skin defects, areas of hyperpigmentation, congenital adhesions between
      the eyelids, cicatricial atrophy of the scalp, abnormal E.E.G., partial
      anodontia, genital hypoplasia, syndactyly, and delayed skeletal growth and
      maturation. The mode of inheritance could be either dominant with incomplete
      penetrance, or autosomal recessive. The disorder has overlapping features with
      several previously delineated syndromes but in view of certain novel features its
      relationship to these is uncertain.

PMID- 174849
TI  - Triploidy syndrome. A report on two live-born (69, XXY) and one still-born (69,
      XXX) infants.
AB  - Two live-born cases, 69,XXY and one stillbirth, 69,XXX are reported. Further
      evidence is presented to delineate the triploidy syndrome. Common external and
      internal features which characterize the triploidy syndrome are low-set ears,
      hypertelorism, colobomata, syndactyly, simian creases, microphallus, undescended
      testes, scrotal aplasia, anomalous heart and hypoplasia of kidneys and adrenals.
      The triploidy syndrome encompasses features found in trisomies 13, 18 and 21. We
      suggest that the abnormal development of the triploidy infants is the result of
      the mentioned trisomies and their subsequent effect on the remaining genome.

PMID- 174850
TI  - Inheritance of xanthomatosis and hyper-beta-lipoproteinaemia. A study of 7 large
      kindreds.
AB  - In a study of xanthomatosis in the county of Ostfold, Norway (approximately
      220,000 inhabitants), it was found that 20% (37 out of 185) of the probands
      belonges to seven large kindreds where xanthomatosis and hyper-beta
      lipoproteinaemia segregated. Almost complete ascertainment (99%) of living
      subjects in the sibships in these families was obtained. Within each kindred, the
      frequency distribution of age- and sex-adjusted cholesterol and LDL cholesterol
      were discontinuous; the xanthomatosis patients all had values corresponding to
      the upper mode, whereas no person without xanthomatosis had such values. The
      combined results showed a slight overlap. Triglyceride concentrations were
      unimodally distributed. The genetics of the disorder in the seven families was
      analysed on the basis of 270 individuals. The segregation pattern satisfied the
      criteria for autosomal dominant inheritance, but not those for a polygenic trait.
      Thus, xanthomatosis with hyper-beta-lipoproteinaemia segregates as an autosomal
      dominant trait in these seven kindreds. No evidence of reduced penetrance was
      found. Since both IIA and IIB lipoprotein patterns were observed within the same
      family, there is no evidence that the two patterns reflect the presence of
      different genes in these kindreds.

PMID- 174851
TI  - Further observations on familial hypobetaliproteinaemia.
AB  - A family with hypobetalipoproteinaemia with 10 affected members is described. In
      six patients low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations were
      about 10 % of normal. In four LDL-c was reduced to about 50 % of normal; these
      four patients probably represent the "intermediate" form of
      hypobetalipoproteinaemia. This variation in total cholesterol concentration and
      LDL-c among the affected individuals of the same family could reflect differences
      of expression in a single aberrant gene or additive expression of a gene at a
      second locus.

PMID- 174852
TI  - The inheritance of hyperlipoproteinaemia with xanthomatosis. A study of 132
      kindreds.
AB  - In a study of xanthomatosis kindreds in the county of Ostfold, Norway, 95 % of
      the living first degree relatives of the probands were investigated.
      Hyperlipoproteinaemia (lipid values above the 95th percentile) was present in
      40.8 % of 554 first degree relatives of probands with xanthomatosis. The
      distribution curve was bimodal for cholesterol and LDL cholesterol
      concentrations, but not for triglyceride concentration within the different
      categories of families. The IIA lipoprotein pattern was the most frequent
      lipoprotein abnormality, in probands as well as in affected first degree
      relatives. However, IIB and IV lipoprotein patterns were also found in affected
      family members, irrespective of the pattern in the probands. About 93% of the
      xanthomatosis subjects had a lipoprotein disorder segregating as an autosomal
      dominant; the remaining 7 % were sporadic cases and/or had a multifactorially
      determined xanthomatosis. More sibs that offspring were affected; this was
      particularly pronounced for males with a IIA lipoprotein pattern. The genetic
      analysis gave no reason to suspect that hypercholesterolaemia with a IIA pattern
      is not the same disease as hypercholesterolaemia with a IIB pattern. However, a
      significant number of xanthomatosis patients had more than one type of
      hyperlipoproteinaemia. The frequency of the xanthomatosis trait was estimated to
      be 3.2/1000, and the ascertainment probability 0.6. The prevalence of familial
      hypercholesterolaemia with xanthomatosis was estimated to be 2.2/1000 and the
      multiple type hyperlipoproteinaemia with xanthomatosis had a frequency of
      1.0/1000.

PMID- 174853
TI  - Immunological cross-reactivity between basic proteins of myelin and cancer. I.
      Lymphocyte transformation studies in immunized guinea-pigs.
AB  - The studies described were designed to examine the question of cross-reactivity
      between basic protein of myelin and a basic protein common to many human tumours.
      The lymphocytes from guinea-pigs injected with acid extracts of human cancer
      tissue showed significant (P less than 0-01) tranformation on exposure to basic
      protein of human myelin. Conversely lymphocytes from guinea-pigs injected with
      basic protein of human myelin showed significant (P less than 0-01)
      transformation on exposure to the acid extracts of human cancer tissue.
      Lymphocytes from control non-injected guinea-pigs did not transform on exposure
      to either antigen. These findings demonstrate immunological cross-reactivity in
      guinea-pigs between basic proteins of human myelin and of human cancer tissue
      using an assay system other than the macrophage electrophoretic migration
      hitherto used to show this effect in man.

PMID- 174854
TI  - Smooth-muscle antibodies and other tissue antibodies in cytomegalovirus
      infection.
AB  - Smooth-muscle antibodies (SMA) were present in 16% of sixty-three patients with
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies in serum and absent in forty CMV antibody
      negative blood donors (P = 0-005). The SMA were of the IgG and IgM class, while
      no IgA antibodies were found. In patients with CMV infection, SMA, mainly of the
      IgM class, were present in the early stages of the disease, and the titre
      decreased faster than the complement-fixing CMV antibody titre. Anti-nuclear
      antibodies (ANA) were also found more often in CMV antibody-positive sera than in
      CMV antibody-negative sera, and ANA were usually present in sera which also
      contained SMA. Parietal cell antibodies, mitochondrial antibodies and other
      cytoplasmic antibodies did not occur more frequently in CMV antibody-positive
      than in CMV antibody-negative sera.

PMID- 174855
TI  - Chemotherapy in gynecologic cancer.

PMID- 174856
TI  - Viruses as teratogens.
AB  - There is nothing unique about rubella viruses or cytomegaloviruses. They are
      classic teratogens and, in this respect, not only follow but exemplify most of
      the principles of human teratology.

PMID- 174857
TI  - Endocrine assay in chorionic tumors.
AB  - Gestational chorionic tumors represent a rare biologic system for three reasons:
      They are a genetic mixture of both male and female; they are unusually responsive
      to chemotherapy with a high cure rate; and they always secrete hCG, which acts as
      a reliable cell marker with which to diagnose, to monitor drug therapy, and to
      follow-up to ensure continued remission. Nongestational chorionic tumors
      characteristically share only the latter unique attribute. For this reason,
      endocrine assays, particularly the measurement of hCG, play a vital role in the
      management of patients with these tumors. However, as the tools with which we
      work improve, and our understanding increases, it is quite likely that other
      tumors will be found to make substances that are similarly specific and reliable
      so as to be utilized in the same way. Already there are tests such as alpha
      fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen that are beginning to serve such a role
      but are not as specific as is hCG. Our experience with chorionic tumors has given
      us a valuable opportunity to develop techniques to be used for other tumor
      systems when reliable cell markers become available. When this time comes, we
      should be able to look forward to improved survival rates, hopefully approaching
      those obtained with chorionic disease.

PMID- 174858
TI  - Rehabilitation of patients with paralyses caused by cancer.

PMID- 174859
TI  - The results of urea-treatment in liver maligancies.

PMID- 174860
TI  - Syndactyly of upper limb. Morphogenesis, classification, and management.
AB  - The distinction between primary and secondary syndactyly is made on the basis of
      their relation to the morphogenesis. The latter is associated with antecedent
      malformation which results in subsequent refusion of parts. Based on these
      considerations, a practical classification is suggested. The management of the
      various types of malformations is considered in relation to the complexity of the
      structures involved. Certain deformities require very early treatment in order to
      permit prehensile function to the developing infant, or to release the impaired
      part. It is desirable to complete all surgery before the child enters school. The
      severe complex syndactyly could rarely be solved by one operation. Normal
      appearance and function are rarely attained and, with growth, newer problems of
      imbalance and contracture appear. While rehabilitation of the hand is seldom
      needed for the children with cutaneous syndactyly, the severe deformities
      associated with complex syndactyly often require supervision in order to regain
      the potential function and simple dynamic splints are very helpful.

PMID- 174861
TI  - Isolation and characterization of prolactin from the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus.

PMID- 174862
TI  - The effect of cold acclimation upon glucose-6-phosphatase activity in two species
      of free-living nematodes- II. Ionic strength.

PMID- 174863
TI  - Immunochemical study of some glycoproteins of the rat glomerular basement
      membrane.

PMID- 174864
TI  - High affinity binding of dexamethasone to chicken plasma proteins: some
      characteristics of chicken corticosteroid binding globulin.

PMID- 174865
TI  - Mood change and the physiology of sleep.

PMID- 174866
TI  - New clinical syndromes under regular intermittent hemodialysis.

PMID- 174867
TI  - Prolyl hydroxylase activity of human lung.

PMID- 174868
TI  - Ozone-induced increase of lung proline hydroxylase activity and hydroxyproline
      content.

PMID- 174869
TI  - In vitro effects of elastase and collagenase on mechanical properties of hamster
      lungs.

PMID- 174870
TI  - The effects of silica on the free, apparent redox state (NAD+/NADH) of the
      alveolar macrophage; a possible mitochondrial membrane effect.

PMID- 174871
TI  - [Klippel-Trenauney syndrome in children].

PMID- 174872
TI  - Perianal Paget's disease: report of seven cases.

PMID- 174874
TI  - Cancer of the colon and rectum: collagenase activity in patients who have rectal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 174873
TI  - Mucus-secreting carcinoid tumor in a colonic diverticulum: report of a case.
AB  - A mucus-secreting carcinoid tumor arising in a colonic (rectosigmoid)
      diverticulum is presented. Carcinoid tumors in colonic diverticula have not been
      previously reported. The presence of mucin and argentaffin granules in the same
      tumor cell is illustrated. The recognition of mucus-secreting carcinoid tumors is
      emphasized in order to avoid overtreatment of small colonic carcinoid tumors by
      extensive surgical procedures.

PMID- 174875
TI  - [Different types of oncogenic viruses associated with hemoblastosis in monkeys].

PMID- 174876
TI  - [New protein-free film method for electron microscopy of DNA].

PMID- 174877
TI  - [Fluorimetric determination of the binding of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide
      fragments with D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase].

PMID- 174878
TI  - [Relation of the paramagnetic properties of homologous tumor tissues to the
      degree of their differentiation].

PMID- 174879
TI  - [Structural forms of cytoplasmic estradiol receptors in the rat uterus, kidneys
      and liver].

PMID- 174881
TI  - [Bactericidal dosie-activity relationships with E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Staph.
      aureus (author's transl)].
AB  - In investigations into the dosis-activity relationships of bactericidal
      antibiotics used against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Staph. aureus four types of
      activity could be demonstrated. The penicillin type shows almost no improvement
      in bactericidal activity despite increasing the dosage above a certain level. An
      increase in concentration of aminoglycoside antibiotics led to a more rapid
      killing of the bacteria. In cefalotin there was a linear dosis-activity
      relationship: rising concentrations of antibiotics led to an ever increasing
      bactericidal effect. The paradoxical bactericidal effect ("Eagle effect'')
      described for penicillin G with enterococci could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 174880
TI  - [Drug therapy of Paget's disease (osteodystrophia deformans)].

PMID- 174882
TI  - [Central control of thermoregulation].

PMID- 174883
TI  - [Precursors of peptide and protein hormones].

PMID- 174884
TI  - [FSA-reaction in early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric
      neoplasms].

PMID- 174885
TI  - Regulation of thyrotropin (TSH) release and production in monolayer cultures of
      transplantable TSH-producing mouse tumors.
AB  - Studies of TSH release and production were performed in short term monolayer
      cultures of transplantable, thyroid hormone responsive, thyrotropin (TSH)
      producing mouse pituitary tumors. These tumors contained large amounts of TSH,
      small amounts of growth hormone (GH) and no detectable luteinizing hormone (LH),
      indicating that the predominant hormone product of tumor cells was TSH. The TSH
      content per tumor cell was similar to that of the normal pituitary where
      thyrotrophs represent a small fraction of the total cells, suggesting that the
      TSH content per tumor cell was less than that of the normal thyrotroph. There was
      a time dependent release and production of TSH by tumor cells in monolayer
      culture. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) increased the release into the media
      and the production of TSH in a dose dependent manner. Maximum effects were noted
      at 0.2 ng/ml. Thyroid hormones and somatostatin inhibited both basal and TRH
      induced effects on both TSH release and production. TSH release as induced by TRH
      was calcium dependent. TSH release was stimulated by ouabain (10(-3)M) and
      potassium (57 mM), agents known to promote cellular calcium uptake in a calcium
      dependent manner. These studies indicate that tumor derived cells function in
      monolayer culture in a similar fashion to normal thyrotrophs. Studies were
      conducted to test the hypothesis that TRH action is mediated by adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cAMP). Dibutyryl cAMP (6 mM) and theophylline (10 mM) increased
      TSH release suggesting that cAMP is involved in TSH release. However, TRH had no
      detectable effect on tumor cell adenylate cyclase activity or levels of cAMP. In
      contrast, PGE1 (1-10 mug/ml) stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and elevated
      cellular levels of cAMP without increasing TSH release. Thus, we are unable to
      confirm the postulate that cAMP is the intracellular mediator of TRH action.

PMID- 174886
TI  - Hormonal regulation of renal ornithine decarboxylase activity in the rat.
AB  - The regulation of the activity of the renal enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (L
      ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) was examined in the rat. In the intact
      animal adapted to a light/dark cycle of 14 hours and 10 hours, respectively, the
      level of renal ornithine decarboxylase activity was rhythmical and paralleled the
      diurnal rhythm in plasma corticosteroid concentration. Renal ornithine
      decarboxylase activity and plasma corticosterone were highest during the early
      hours of darkness and lowest during the hours of light. Following hypophysectomy,
      the level of renal ornithine decarboxylase activity declined rapidly and remained
      low and without a demonstrable diurnal rhythm. When pituitary hormone levels were
      temporarily restored in the hypophysectomized rat by the injection of pituitary
      extract, renal ornithine decarboxylase activity increased rapidly, reached a peak
      within 8 hours, and returned toward pre-injection levels by 12 hours. Exogenous
      growth hormone, ACTH and cortisol each increased renal ornithine decarboxylase
      activity in the hypophysectomized rat, with the highest levels of activity being
      achieved with growth hormone. Other pituitary hormones (FSH, LH, TSH and
      prolactin) were ineffective. After bilateral adrenalectomy, renal ornithine
      decarboxylase activity retained a rhythmical pattern similar to that observed in
      the intact rat, but the levels were increased. Growth hormone and cortisol
      increased renal ornitine decarboxylase activity in the adrenalectomized
      hypophysectomized animal to the same extent as in the hypophysectomized animal,
      but ACTH was almost totally ineffective. These data suggest that the pituitary
      plays a major role in the regulation of renal ornithine decarboxylase activity in
      the rat, primarily through the rhythmical secretion of growth hormone and ACTH.

PMID- 174887
TI  - Actions of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin in the immature female rat:
      correlative changes in blood steroids, gonadotropins, and cytoplasmic estradiol
      receptors of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus.
AB  - Several blood steroids, serum gonadotropins and cytosol estradiol receptors of
      the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus were quantified in immature female rats
      which were induced to ovulate with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG).
      Studies revealed that serum levels of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone,
      testosterone, androstenedione and estradiol were initially elevated at 6 PM (day
      30) after administration of 8 IU of PMSG at 10 AM day 30. Serum levels of
      estradiol and testosterone rose progressively from day 30 through the AM of day
      32. A further increase in serum concentrations of progesterone, 17
      hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone
      occurred on the PM of day 32 whereas serum estradiol levels declined. Serum
      levels of all steroids declined on the day of estrus (33) and only progesterone
      levels were further elevated on day 34 (diestrus). Dihydrotestosterone
      concentrations were minimally altered by PMSG treatment. Saline administration
      resulted in no significant alterations in levels of any steroid quantified from
      day 29 to 34 in control animals. A progressive decline in cytosol estradiol
      receptor content of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus was documented
      following PMSG treatment of intact female rats; there was no depletion of
      receptors following PMSG administration to ovariectomized immature rats. Maximal
      depletion of cytosol estradiol receptors occurred on day 32 with replenishment of
      cytosol estradiol receptor levels on estrus (day 33). The preovulatory
      gonadotropin surge was found to occur on the PM of day 32 after maximal receptor
      depletion. The cycle of depletion and replenishment of receptors was repeated
      during a second spontaneous estrous cycle four days later which coincided with a
      rise and fall in serum estradiol levels. It is suggested that the depletion of
      cytosol estradiol receptors of the anterior pituitary/hypothalamic unit may be
      causally related to the preovulatory gonadotropin surge resulting from PMSG
      administration to immature female rats. In addition, changes in blood steroids
      and gonadotropins after PMSG treatment are similar to those reported for
      proestrus-estrus-diestrus I of the normal adult estrous cycle. These findings
      further demonstrate the validity of the PMSG-primed immature female rat
      preparation as a model for the estrous cycle of the adult rat.

PMID- 174888
TI  - Binding of human chorionic gonadotropin and response of cyclic nucleotides to
      luteinizing hormone in luteal tissue from rats treated with prostaglandin
      F2alpha.
AB  - Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) caused a marked and highly reproducible fall of
      over 85% (P less than .001) in serum progesterone and in the capacity of luteal
      tissue to bind hCG, within 30 h. No change in the affinity of the receptor for
      iodinated hCG was observed. The addition of LH (1 mug/ml) to incubation flasks
      containing luteal tissue slices from both control and PGF2alpha-treated animals
      caused a significant stimulation of progesterone output in the control (P less
      than .05), but not in tissue previously exposed to PGF2alpha in vivo. Indeed,
      progesterone output by the latter tissue was severely reduced independent of the
      presence of LH. Although cAMP content was significantly elevated in luteal tissue
      incubated with LH (P less than .01), the degree of stimulation of cAMP by LH was
      reduced 35% (P less than .05) in luteal tissue from rats treated with PGF2alpha.
      The content of cGMP was generally reduced by addition of LH to the incubation
      media, by pretreatment of the animals with PGF2alpha, and by incubation alone.
      This study shows that luteolysis induced by PGF2alpha is accompanied by a loss in
      gonadotropin receptor, a conclusion supported by the loss in LH stimulation of
      cAMP and progesterone synthesis.

PMID- 174889
TI  - Immunoreactive alpha-MSH and ACTH levels in rat plasma and pituitary.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay is described for the measurement of alpha-melanocyte
      stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). The antibody was produced in rabbits by
      immunization with alpha-MSH coupled to bovine serum albumin with carbodiimide.
      The antibody did not react significantly with ACTH, beta-MSH, or 6 fragments of
      ACTH. The sensitivity and reliability of the assay were improved by employing a
      simple plasma extraction procedure. When applied to a 2 ml plasma sample, the
      detection limit of the radioimmunoassay was 6 pg/ml. ACTH was measured with a
      sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay previously described for humans and
      adapted for the rat. The anti-ACTH serum cross-reacted with the biologically
      active portion of alpha-p ACTH and not with alpha-MSH, beta-MSH or the alpha-p 17
      39 and alpha-p 25-39 fragments of ACTH. The detection limit was 20 pg/ml. Plasma
      and pituitary alpha-MSH and ACTH had the same immunoreactivity as synthetic alpha
      MSH and ACTH. alpha-MSH and ACTH contents of the rat neurointermediate lobe were
      1398 +/- 360 (SE) ng and 28.2 +/- 2.9 ng, respectively, while in the anterior
      lobe they were 102 +/- 31 ng and 551 +/- 36 ng, respectively. The plasma alpha
      MSH concentration at 8 AM in male rats was 64 +/- 8 pg/ml when the plasma ACTH
      concentration was 92 +/- 15 pg/ml. Over a 24-hour period two peaks of plasma
      alpha-MSH were observed, one at 4 AM (142 +/- 35 pg/ml) and the other at 4 PM
      (139 +/- 26 pg/ml). Plasma ACTH was higher at noon (151 +/- 43 pg/ml) and 4 PM
      (130 +/- 48 pg/ml). Short-term exposure to ether induced a transient increase in
      alpha-MSH level 5 min later and a rapid return to normal levels. Plasma ACTH
      increased significantly 2.5 min after the onset of ether stress and remained high
      for 30 min. Two hours' exposure to ether did not change plasma alpha-MSH,
      although a 3-fold increase in plasma ACTH was observed. Haloperidol injection was
      followed by a large increase in plasma alpha-MSH, whereas ACTH levels increased
      similarly after saline and Haloperidol injection. Corticoid administration
      reduced ACTH, but not alpha-MSH. Three weeks after adrenalectomy, alpha-MSH
      levels had not changed but ACTH levels had increased ten-fold. These data
      indicate that alpha-MSH is secreted in the rat, and that the regulation of its
      secretion is different from that of ACTH.

PMID- 174890
TI  - Effects of pinealectomy on adrenal function in vivo and in vitro in female rats.
AB  - Female rats were ovariectomized and either sham-pinealectomized or
      pinealectomized on day 24 of age and exposed to a photoperiod of 12 h light: 12 h
      dark. In vivo and in vitro measures of adrenocortical function were made at 6, 7,
      and 8 weeks of age (18, 25, and 32 days post-pinealectomy, respectively).
      Pinealectomy diminished the post-castration rise in adrenal 5alpha-reductase
      activity in all age groups (P less than .05). The proportionate secretion of
      corticosterone (compared with the total steroid output) by adrenal slices was
      likewise enhanced (P less than .05) although the secretion and production of
      corticosterone in vitro was not altered. Pinealectomy substantially diminished (P
      less than .05) the in vivo secretion rates of reduced metabolites of
      corticosterone (dihydrocorticosterone and tetrahydrocorticosterone) without
      altering corticosterone secretion. Consequently, proportionate secretion of
      corticosterone in vivo was also enhanced (P less than .05). These findings are
      consistent with the notion that in ovariectomized rats removal of the pineal
      gland diminishes adrenal 5alpha-reductase activity without affecting ACTH
      secretion. However, in rats with ovaries intact, estrogen modified the effects of
      pinealectomy. Not only was the intra-adrenal metabolism of corticosterone
      diminished (higher proportionate output), but also resting levels of plasma
      corticosterone (P less than .01), corticosterone production in vitro (P less than
      .05), and total adrenal steroidogenesis in vitro (P less than .01) were
      increased. Thus, ACTH secretion may be enhanced following pineal removal in the
      presence of estrogen. The data suggest that the pineal gland, together with the
      ovaries, plays a role in the modulation of adrenal steroidogenesis.

PMID- 174891
TI  - Temporal relationships between hormone receptor binding and biological responses
      in the uterus: studies with short- and long-acting derivatives of estriol.
AB  - The temporal relationships between hormone receptor binding and early and late
      biological responses in the uterus were examined using estriol (E3), a weak
      estrogen, and several more long-acting estriol derivatives, namely ethinyl
      estriol (EE3), estriol cyclopentyl ether (E3CPE), and ethinyl estriol cyclopentyl
      ether (EE3CPE). Dose-response curves of 3-day uterotrophic assays indicate that
      biological potency follows the order EE3CPE greater than EE3 or estradiol greater
      than E3CPE greater than E3. After a single injection of 5 mug of compound, E3
      elicits the early uterotrophic responses (increased uterine wet weight and 2
      deoxyglucose phosphorylation at 2-6 h) but gives only weak stimulation of later
      uterotrophic responses (enhanced rates of 2-deoxyglucose phosphorylation at 20-24
      h and increased DNA synthesis rate and uterine weight over a 72 h period). E3,
      EE3, and estradiol all elicit a rapid (maximal by 1/2-1 h) uptake of receptor
      into the nucleus and show an equivalent wet weight response at 3 h. After E3,
      nuclear receptor levels and uterine weight decline rapidly; however, after EE3 or
      estradiol, nuclear receptor levels decline less rapidly remaining at least two
      fold above the control until 24-48 hr, and uterine weight also remains elevated
      for at least 48-72 h. EE3CPE elicits both the early (4 h) and later (20-24 h)
      waves of glucose metabolism, shows a prolonged effect on DNA synthesis rate, and
      shows the most dramatic and prolonged (beyond 72 h) maintenance of elevated
      uterine weight and high nuclear receptor (beyond 24 h). Thus, chemical
      modifications of the estriol molecule which result in a prolonged stimulation of
      uterine growth and metabolism also result in a long-term maintenance of hormone
      receptor complex in the uterine nucleus. These studies give strong support to the
      concept that true uterine growth requires the direct and prolonged influence of
      the nuclear estrogen-receptor complex.

PMID- 174892
TI  - Characterization of an inhibitor for luteinizing hormone receptor site binding.
AB  - An inhibitor for luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor site binding has been
      partially purified from aqueous extracts of ovaries from pseudo-pregnant or
      pregnant rats. The LH receptor binding inhibitor (LH-RBI) was heat-resistant,
      partially inactivated by trypsin or pronase digestion, and had a molecular weight
      of approximately 3800 daltons. The LH-RBI was not found in the ovary of mature
      non-pregnant rats or immature rats, nor was it found in testis or liver extracts.
      The LH-RBI strongly inhibited the in vitro binding of 125I-labeled ovine LH to
      ovarian LH receptors but did not inhibit 125I-labeled ovine prolactin binding to
      ovarian PRL receptors.

PMID- 174893
TI  - Hormonal responsiveness of adenylate cyclase activity in cartilage.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity was measured in a crude particulate fraction of
      hyaline cartilage obtained from the xiphoid process of the rat. Bovine
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) at concentrations as low as 1.3 x 10(-7)M and porcine
      calcitonin (CT) at concentrations as low as 2.3 x 10(-5)M significantly increased
      adenylate cyclase activity. Glucagon, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and E2 (PG2), and
      epinephrine at concentrations of 10(-5)M also increased activity, whereas, no
      increased activity was seen with the additions of somatotrophin (10 mug/ml),
      PGF1alpha, PGF2alpha, or T3 at 10(-5)M. The combination of doses of PTH and CT,
      which individually produced maximal responses, was not additive. These data
      provide evidence that cartilage in growing rats responds directly to PTH and CT.

PMID- 174895
TI  - A specific FSH receptor in rat granulosa cells: properties of binding in vitro.
AB  - The specific binding of [125I]iodoFSH to granulosa cells collected from immature,
      hypophysectomized, DES-treated rats, was studied in vitro. Specific binding
      occurred after 5 min and reached maximum after 3 h of incubation at 37 C. Non
      specific binding was very low (less than 10% of the total binding). The
      [25I]iodoFSH remained tightly associated with the receptor at pH 7.5, but was
      rapidly dissociated at pH 5. Unlabeled hFSH competitively inhibited [125I]iodoFSH
      binding. Kinetic analyses of equilibrium binding experiments gave an apparent
      association constant (Ka) of 1.34 (+/- 0.31) x 10(10)M-1 [mean (+/- SE)] and a
      number of binding sites per cell of (NB) 1, 130 +/- 70 (mean +/- SE). Rat
      prolactin, wheat germ agglutinin, and concanavalin-A did not compete with
      [125I]iodoFSH, but hLH, hCG, and rTSH competed at doses 300- to 900-fold higher
      than those of hFSH. Granulosa cells isolated from adult DES-treated rats, as well
      as cells collected from medium and preovulatory follicles of proestrous rats,
      gave Ka and NB values similar to those described above. A comparative study of
      rabbit granulosa cells indicated a much lower binding affinity compared with
      those from the rat.

PMID- 174894
TI  - Steroid formation and differentiation of cortical cells in tissue culture of
      human fetal adrenals in the presence and absence of ACTH.
AB  - Steroid secretion and ultrastructural differentiation of human fetal adrenal
      cortical cells were analyzed in tissue culture with and without ACTH. The
      unconjugated and sulfated endogenous neutral steroids were analyzed by gas-liquid
      chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A fetal pattern of
      neutral steroids, including high concentrations of sulfate conjugates, was found
      during the first five days of the cultivation. At 6 to 11 days of cultivation, a
      decrease was seen in concentrations of these steroids. However, when stimulated
      with ACTH, an increasing amount of steroids was secreted during days 6 to 11 and
      their pattern was transformed into the adult type with a 30-200 times higher
      secretion rate of cortisol. Cortical cells capable of proliferation in the
      culture had the ultrastructure of the permanent zone cells of the fetal adrenal
      or adult zona glomerulosa type. ACTH stimulation induced a differentiation of
      these cells into zona fasciculata type. The results suggest that ACTH is the main
      hormonal regulator in the genesis of the adult human adrenal cortex and that
      there is a factor during fetal life which inhibits the synthesis of the 3beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase system.

PMID- 174896
TI  - Effects of hyperosmolarity on the cyclic AMP concentration and lipolysis of the
      adipocyte stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone.
AB  - The effects of ACTH on 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and lipolysis were examined
      on isolated adipocytes incubated in either isosmolar or hyperosmolar media. The
      ability of ACTH to induce intracellular cAMP accumulation was greatly enhanced by
      incubating cells in hyperosmolar sucrose (100 to 400 mM) solutions. Hyperosmolar
      solutions prepared by the addition of either NaCL, glucose or mannitol enhanced
      the ACTH effect on cAMP to the same extent as did the hyperosmolar sucrose
      solution, but hyperosmolar urea solutions did not have such an effect. The effect
      of hyperosmolarity was shown only in cells stimulated by lipolytic hormones, and
      the effects were still evident in the presence of high concentrations of
      theophylline, indicating the effect of hyperosmolarity is to facilitate hormone
      action on the receptor-coupler system of the adipocyte membrane. The action of
      glucagon on cAMP was augmented much less than the actions of ACTH and
      isoproterenol. Basal as well as ACTH or exogenous cAMP stimulated lipolysis was
      lower in hyperosmolar sucrose solutions. Some mechanism by which hyperosmolarity
      interferes with the metabolic sequence beyond the accumulation of cAMP was
      suggested.

PMID- 174897
TI  - Enzymatic dissociation and short-term culture of isolated rat anterior pituitary
      cells for studies on the control of hormone secretion.
AB  - A convenient procedure has been developed for preparing a suspension of isolated
      rat anterior pituitary cells which retains responsiveness to secretagogues. Rat
      anterior pituitaries were dispersed with collagenase and hyaluronidase followed
      by mechanical dispersion by means of a Pasteur pipette. Immediately after
      dispersion, the cells showed only slight responses to secretagogues, whereas
      after short-term culture (20-22 h) in the presence of sera, the cells recovered
      their ability to respond to synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) and synthetic
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). During a 3-h incubation, cells prepared from
      pituitaries of male rats released LH and FSH, or TSH and prolactin (PRL) in
      amounts directly related to the dose of synthetic LHRH or TRH, respectively. The
      minimum effective concentrations of hypophysiotropic hormones lay between 10(-10)
      and 10(-9)M, although it was observed that cells originating from female rats
      usually gave quicker and larger responses to LHRH. No significant net increase in
      the total hormonal content (cells + medium) of radioimmunoassayable LH or FSH in
      response to LHRH, or of TSH or PRL in response to TRH, was observed during the 3
      h incubation period. The cells released significant amounts of PRL, TSH, and to a
      lesser extent, LH, in response to 1-5 X 10-3M N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP,
      accompanied by remarkable elevation in total content (cells + medium) of PRL and
      TSH but not of LH. The response of the cells to theophylline or high [K+] was
      similar to that usually observed in previous hemipituitary experiments. These
      results demonstrate the viability of this in vitro cell system and its
      suitability for further study of the regulation of the secretion of pituitary
      hormones.

PMID- 174898
TI  - Biochemical actions of follice-stimulating hormone in the sertoli cell of the rat
      testis.
AB  - The sequenc of biochemical events associated with the action of follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) in the testis has been investigated using a Sertoli
      cell-enriched testis model system. The Sertoli cell-encriched testis, created by
      irradiation of male rats in utero, is devoid of germinal elements but contains a
      normal complement of supportive Sertoli cells. Comparison of the Sertoli cell
      enriched testis with normal testis, demonstrates that the two types of testes
      contain equal numbers of FSH specific receptors, judged by the binding of labeled
      hormone. In addition, FSH over a concentration range from 6 X 10(-11) to 6 X 10(
      9)M will stimulate the production of adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) in the
      Sertoli cell-enriched testis in a manner indistinguishable from that of the
      normal testis. Incubation of Sertoli cell enriched testis also results in the
      activation of soluble cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This response to FSH is
      dependent upon the age of the animal and disappears at about 32 days of age.
      While sensitivity to the hormone can still be detected in mature Sertoli cell
      enriched animals by the addition of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl-3
      isobutyl-xanthine, no detectable increase in phosphodiesterase activity is
      apparent after 30 days of age. Injection of FSH into Sertoli cell-enriched
      animals results in an increase in total testicular protein  synthesis as well as
      in the production of the Sertoli cell-specific protein, androgen-binding protein
      within 30 minutes. Furthermore, while hypophysectomy of Sertoli cell-enriched
      animals result in a decline of the testicular concentration of androgen-binding
      protein, the injection of FSH will stimulate and maintain the levels of androgen
      binding protein in such animals. These results demonstrate that the Sertoli cell
      enriched testis is capable of carrying out the sequence of biochemical events
      previously described for FSH in the normal testis and therefore, suggest that the
      Sertoli cell is the primary target cell for FSH action.

PMID- 174899
TI  - Control of uterine estrogen receptor levels by progesterone.
AB  - The mechanism by which progesterone antagonizes estrogenic stimulation of uterine
      growth was examined in the immature rat. Rats received daily injections of 2.5
      mug estradiol (E) for 2 days and on day 3 either 2.5 mug E or 2.5 mug E plus 2.5
      mg of progesterone (P). The quantity of nuclear and cytoplasmic estrogen receptor
      was determined by [3H]estradiol exchange at various intervals after injection of
      E or E + P. In both groups, nuclear receptor estrogen complex (RnE) increased
      dramtically one hour after injection and showed a gradual decline from 4 to 24 h
      after injection. The quantity of cytoplasmic receptor, Rc, decreased to low
      levels by one hour and began a gradual increase from 4 to 8 h in both groups.
      However, between 8 and 24 h after injection, the level of Rc continued to
      increase in the E treatment group (2.39 +/- 0.21 pmol/uterus at 24 h) but
      remained at the 8 h level in the E + P group (1.09 +/- 0.04 pmol/uterus at 24 h).
      This observation suggests that two seperate processes are involved in the
      replenishment of Rc and that progesterone inhibits the second phase of
      replenishment. The binding affinity and specificity of Rc for estrogens following
      E + P pretreatment were identical to those of the E pretreatment group.
      Therefore, P does not alter the binding properties but rather the intrauterine
      level of Rc. Treatment with E on day 4, when Rc levels differ between E and E + P
      groups, stimulated uterine weight and protein content on day 5 in the E
      pretreatment group. However, minimal stimulation was observed in the E + P
      pretreatment group. The quantity of RnE and the time of nuclear retention of RnE
      following E injection on day 4 was greater in the E group than in the E + P
      group. The effect of progesterone on Rc replenishment was dose-dependent (range,
      0.1-2.5 mg; 1/2 maximal, 0.5 mg). Injection of testosterone propionate (1.0 mg),
      a weak estrogen antagonist, with E on day 3 resulted in slightly reduced levels
      of Rc on day 4. This reduction also correlated with a reduced sensitivity to
      treatment with E on day 4. These data, together with previous studies from our
      laboratory, suggest that progesterone and other estrogen antagonists such as
      nafoxidine and testosterone propionate inhibit estrogen action by interfering
      with the replenishment of Rc, thereby reducing the number of receptor estrogen
      complexes that are translocated and retained by uterine nuclei.

PMID- 174900
TI  - Effects of ACTH, dexamethasone, adrenalectomy and stress on cAMP content of
      adenohypophysis and adrenals in rats.
AB  - The effects of adrenalectomy, ether-laparotomy stress and in vivo administration
      of either ACTH or dexamethasone on the cAMP levels in the anterior pituitary and
      the adrenal glands were investigated in male rats. After adrenalectomy or ether
      laparotomy stress, an increase of the pituitary cAMP levels was observed. A prior
      administration of dexamethasone failed to inhibit the increase of the pituitary
      cAMP levels. Acute administration of dexamethasone increased the cAMP levels in
      the pituitary. Chronic administration of dexamethasone decreased the cAMP levels
      in the pituitary, but ACTH did not. These data suggest that cAMP might be
      involved in the mediation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.

PMID- 174901
TI  - A receptor site for prolactin in lactating mouse mammary tissues.
AB  - Prolactin iodinated by lactoperoxidase method showed immunologically,
      electrophoretically and biolo9gically similar properties to native prolactin and
      possessed enough specific radioactivity for receptor studies. 1251-prolactin was
      incubated with mouse mammary tissues at 8 days of lactation. Both binding and
      release of 1251-prolactin depended on incubation time and temperature and were
      maximal at 37 degrees C. Michaelis constant was estimated to be 1.4 X 10(-9) M
      from Lineweaver-Burk plot and to be 1.2 X 10(-9) M from id-value of the dose
      response curve for displacement with native prolactin. Total number of binding
      sites for prolactin was 1.38 X 10(-15) mole per mg weight of tissue. Ovine
      prolactin, human growth hormone and human placental lactogen complete with 1251
      prolactin and dose-response curves for these three hormones were all parallel.
      These results suggest the existence of a specific receptor site with high
      affinity for prolactin in lactating mouse mammary glands.

PMID- 174902
TI  - Effects of calcium ionophore (A-23187) on glucose oxidation and iodide transport
      in dog thyroid slices.
AB  - A calcium ionophore (A-23187, 20 mug/ml) stimulted 14C-1-glucose oxidation in dog
      thyroid slices to an extent equivalent to that obtained by the optimal
      concentration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1mM). Furthermore, the ionophore augmented
      the stimulation by dibutyryl cyclic AMP much more than the simple additive
      effect. The ionophore also enhanced the effect of TSH, but to a lesser extent.
      Under conditions where organic binding was blocked, T/M ratio of radioiodine
      concentration was lowered in slices by the ionophore; the findings similar to
      those obtained with TSH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The ionophore exhibited a
      slightly depressive effect on the basal cyclic AMP level. The elevation by TSH of
      cyclic AMP levels was also slightly depressed by the ionophore, but statistically
      insignificant in most cases. These results indicate that calcium ion may play an
      important role in the TSH regulation of iodide transport and glucose metabolism
      in the thyroid, in some cases by augmenting the effects of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 174903
TI  - 5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone binding protein in rat ventral prostate; purification,
      nuclear incorporation, and subnuclear localization.
AB  - Treatment of cytosol from the rat ventral prostate with cold acetone (-20 degrees
      C) evoked a 8 approximately 10-fold increase in the binding capacity with 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Starting from the extract of acetone-dried prostate
      cytosol, some 400 approximately 600-fold purification of the DHT-binding protein
      complex was acieved by (NH4)2504 fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and
      gel- filtration with Sephadex G-200. The purified 3H-DHT-binding protein complex
      was incorporated into the nuclei from the ventral prostate in a temperature
      dependent manner. The similar incorporation was also observed in nuclei from the
      liver and the kidney...

PMID- 174904
TI  - Further experimental results concerning the relationship of muscular exercise and
      adrenal function.
AB  - The relationship between muscular work and adrenal function was investigated by
      using daily swimming exercise in the rat. 1. Adrenal in vitro sensitivity to ACTH
      was found to have increased after six weeks of swimming training 2. In the
      development of adaptation the main part was played by muscular exercise itself,
      since a conditioning of the animals merely to the circumstances of swimming
      failed to stimulate such adaptive changes as seen in the course of regular
      physical training. 3. Plasma steroid response to certain stressor agents, such as
      histamine or acute exhaustion (decrease), respectively to ACTH administration
      (increase) was similar in ACTH-pretreated and regularly exercised animals. 4. In
      the 6th to 12th weeks of exercise the trained animals developed a lower plasma
      steroid content at rest than the controls. This feature was retained even four
      weeks after the cessation of training sessions. Experimental physical training
      reduced post-exercise steroidemia in the period of adaptation, that is, after the
      6th week. After a pause of 4 weeks, however, the post-exercise steroidemia
      approached again the control values.

PMID- 174905
TI  - Influence of thyrotropin releasing hormone and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate on ultrastructure of adenohypophysis in organ culture.
AB  - Ultrastructure of adenohypophysis in organ culture exposed to thyrotropin
      releasing hormone or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate has been
      investigated. The features of increased secretory activity of glandular cells as
      well as the occurrence of a strongly osmiophilic substance in the intercellular
      spaces was observed in cultures exposed to both investigated factors.

PMID- 174906
TI  - Evocability of a slight positive oestrogen feedback action on LH secretion in
      castrated and oestrogen-primed men.
AB  - Orchidectomized heterosexual men suffering from prostatic cancer with suppressed
      serum LH values by oestrogen priming exhibited a slight, but significant surge of
      LH secretion following oestrogen injection. In contrast, orchidectomized and
      oestrogen-primed heterosexual men with unsuppressed serum LH levels as well as
      intact heterosexual men did not display any positive oestrogen feedback action on
      LH secretion,  as it was observed in intact homosexual men.

PMID- 174907
TI  - Virus association with wastewater solids.
AB  - The solids produced at an urban wastewater treatment plant, tested
      semiquantitatively, almost all contained human intestinal viruses. Reoviruses and
      five or more types of enteroviruses were present. Sludge, digested anaerobically
      at 30 degrees-32 degrees C, and grit contained measurable levels of viruses.
      Until reliable means of inactivating the viruses have been developed and
      implemented, great care should be taken in disposing of these solids.

PMID- 174908
TI  - Accumulation of cadmium in rat liver cadmium binding protein following single and
      repeated cadmium administration.
AB  - The accumulation of cadmium in rat liver cadmium binding protein induced by
      single and repeated intraperitoneal injections of CdCl2 and the de novo
      biosynthesis of CdBP were studied by using 109Cd to measure cadmium binding in
      the CdBP and 35S incorporation as indicator of protein synthesis. The
      biosynthesis of CdBP is controlled by the cadmium concentrations. For single
      doses up to 1 mg Cd2+/Kg b.w. about 50% of the cadmium is present in the soluble
      fraction of liver bound to CdBP and the incorporation of 35S-cysteine is linear
      with the cadmium concentration. When single doses ranging from 1 to 3 mg Cd2+/Kg
      b.w. are administered the fractions of both 35S-cysteine and cadmium incorporated
      into de novo synthesized CdBP gradually decrease. For single doses higher than 3
      mg Cd2+/Kg b.w. the biosynthesis capability is maximum and 20 mug Cd/g liver can
      be incorporated into the de novo biosynthesized CdBP. When rats are treated every
      day with amounts of cadmium of about 0.8 mg Cd2+/Kg b.w. for up to 8 days a dose
      proportional increase in both Cd incorporation and CdBP biosynthesis are
      observed. This shows a cumulative incorporation of cadmium in the de novo
      biosynthesized CdBP. Experiments carried out by injecting 65ZnCl2 and 203HgCl2
      every day showed that they are not accumulated like cadmium and do not induce the
      biosynthesis of rat liver CdBP after repeated administration over 7 days.

PMID- 174909
TI  - Spectroscopic studies of membrane structure.

PMID- 174910
TI  - X-ray studies of glycolytic enzymes.

PMID- 174911
TI  - The reduction of plastocyanin by plastoquinol-1 in the presence of chloroplasts.
      A dark electron transfer reaction involving components between the two
      photosystems.
AB  - The reduction of plastocyanin by plastoquinol-1 was efficiently catalysed by
      disrupted chloroplasts or etioplasts in the dark. The reaction was inhibited by
      2,5-dibromomethylisopropyl-p-benzo-quinone which inhibits photosynthetic electron
      transport between plastoquinone and cytochrome f. Evidence is presented that the
      reduction took place via cytochrome f, and that plastoquinone-9 was not involved.
      Triton X-100 and organic solvents were inhibitory, but partial fractionation was
      achieved without loss of activity by density gradient centrifugation in the
      presence of high digitonin concentrations. All active material contained
      cytochromes b-559LP and b-563 in addition to cytochrome f, but these b-type
      cytochromes were not directly involved. Other 1-electron acceptors could be used
      in place of plastocyanin, for instance ferricyanide and Pseudomonas cytochrome c
      551. The reaction can be applied to give a sensitive dark assay for active
      cytochrome f. It is suggested that cytochrome f possesses two sites for
      interaction with redox reagents: a hydrophilic site with which plastocyanin
      reacts by electron transfer and a hydrophobic site with which plastoquinol reacts
      by hydrogen atom transfer.

PMID- 174912
TI  - Brown adipose tissue mitochondria: recoupling caused by substrate level
      phosphorylation and extramitochondrial adenosine phosphates.
AB  - 1. Uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation in isolated guinea pig brown-adipose
      tissue mitochondria is reflected by a low phosphorylation state of adenosine
      phosphates in the mitochondrial matrix and in the extramitochondrial space during
      oxidation of succinate or glycerol 1-phosphate in the presence of serum albumin
      and 100 muM ADP. Recoupling of respiration and phosphorylation in the
      mitochondria is indicatdd by a dramatic increase in the phosphorylation state of
      adenine nucleotides in both compartments, when substrates inducing substrate
      level phosphorylation are respired. In this case ATP/ADP ratios in the
      extramitochondrial compartment are 10-15 times higher than in the mitochondrial
      matrix. 2. Recoupling mediated by substrate level phosphorylation depends on the
      presence of extramitochondrial adenosine phosphate and on intact adenine
      nucleotide translocation. In the presence of substrate level phosphorylation the
      amount of extramitochondrial ADP required to restore energy coupling can be
      extremely low (20 muM ADP or 10 nmol ADP/mg mitochondrial protein respectively).
      If substrate level phosphorylation is prevented by rotenone or in the presence of
      atractyloside, 20-50 times higher amounts of extramitochondrial adenine
      nucleotides are necessary to cause coupled oxidative phosphorylation. The
      recoupling effect of ATP is significantly stronger than that of ADP. 3. GDP (100
      muM) causes a rapid increase of the ATP/ADP ratio in both compartments which is
      independent of substrate level phosphorylation as well as of the
      extramitochondrial adenosine phosphate concentration and the adenine nucleotide
      carrier. 4. The amount of extramitochondrial adenosine phosphate in guinea pig
      brown-adipose-tissue (18 nmol/mg mitochondrial protein or 2.5 mM respectively)
      would suffice for recoupling of oxidative phosphorylation mediated by substrate
      level phosphorylation under conditions in vitro; this suggests that substrate
      level phosphorylation is of essential importance in brown fat in vivo with
      respect to energy conditions in the tissue during different states of
      thermogenesis.

PMID- 174913
TI  - New coenzymically-active soluble and insoluble macromolecular NAD+ derivatives.
AB  - Reaction in dimethyl sulfoxide of nicotinamide 8-bromoadenine dinucleotide with
      the disodium salt of 3-mercaptopropionic acid afforded nicotinamide-8-(2
      carboxyethylthio)adenine dinucleotide, a new NAD+ analogue functionalized at the
      adenine C-8 position by an omega-carboxylic side chain. Carbodimide coupling of
      the latter derivative to high-molecular-weight water-soluble (polyethyleneimine,
      polylysine) and insoluble (aminohexy)-Sepharose) polymers gave the corresponding
      macromolecular NAD+ analogues. These derivatives have been shown to be
      enzymically reducible. The polyethyleneimine analogue showed a substantial degree
      of efficiency relative to free NAD+ with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (47%) but a
      considerably lower one with rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase (3%); the
      polylysine analogue showed a low degree of efficiency with both enzymes (5-6%).

PMID- 174914
TI  - Kinetics of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate accumulation in dog thyroid slices.
AB  - Dog thyroid slices have been stimulated in vitro by thyrotropin. The kinetics of
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation due to the activation of
      adenylate cyclase were measured. Experimental results have been interpreted by
      means of a numerical simulation based on a theoretical description of the overall
      process which consists of three steps: (a) the penetration of thyrotropin in the
      slices, (b) the binding of the hormone to the specific receptor and the
      consequent activation of adenylate cyclase, (c) the kinetics of cyclic AMP
      accumulation in each cell due to the interplay between synthesis and degradation.
      The numerical values of the parameters needed for the simulation were deduced
      from separate experiments. Diffusion of thyrotropin in the slices has been
      calculated from the kinetics of efflux of [3H]sucrose, and with or without
      albumin. Adenylate cyclase activity and activation by thyrotropin in homogenates
      and purified membranes were measured. Binding experiments of cyclic AMP on crude
      extract of dog thyroid lead to the conclusion that the maximal capacity of the
      specific binding site is close to the cyclic AMP content in resting thyroid
      cells. The purpose of this paper is to verify the validity of the current
      concepts about the mechanisms taking place in this process by comparing
      experimental results and theoretical simulation. It results from the study that
      for this system the time between the activation of adenylate cyclase and half
      maximal cyclic AMPaccumulation is equal to 3 min 45 s and the pool of cyclic AMP
      is renewed three times per minute. It has been also stressed that the thickness
      of the slices as well as inhibitors of phosphodiesterases change the apparent
      kinetics of cyclic AMP accumulation.

PMID- 174915
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of cyclic AMP in cerebrovascular diseases.
AB  - Concentration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and activities of
      some enzymes were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 38 patients with
      various cerebrovascular diseases. Cerebral infarction of the carotid area (less
      than 14 days after the attack) revealed a significant increase in CSF cAMP level
      in comparison to a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and cephalagia without any
      pathological findings (control group). A trend towards elevated values was
      observed also in cerebral hemorrhage, whereas the CSF cAMP concentrations in
      subarachnoid hemorrhage, TIA, syncope, and cerebral infarction of at least 2
      months of duration were in the range of control values. A significant rise in CSF
      enzyme activities was observed only in hemorrhagic disorders. Hypertensive
      patients with TIA showed significantly higher CSF cAMP values than normotensive
      ones. A similar positive correlation between blood pressure and CSF aAMP
      concentrations was found also in subarachnoid hemorrhage and syncope groups. On
      the basis of the present results it is suggested that in cerebrovascular diseases
      CSF cAMP concentration reflects the size and the time of the destruction of
      cerebral cells, and correlates with hypertension of the patient possibly
      indicating an increased sympathetic activity.

PMID- 174916
TI  - Olfaction in multiple sclerosis. With a note on the discrepancy between optic and
      olfactory involvement.
AB  - Serial binary dilutions of amyl acetate and nitrobenzene were used in a double
      blind test to determine olfactory acuity of 40 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
      Similar determinations were made on 24 age- and sex-matched controls. Results of
      repeated measurements on 18 patients indicated that the methodology was reliably
      reproducible. When mean olfactory threshold on MS patients was compared with that
      of the controls no differences could be found. Among the MS patients, olfactory
      threshold did not vary with the presence or absence of optic involvement and
      correlated poorly with the degree of disability. These results are in
      disagreement with those of WENDER and SZMEJA who reported olfactory dysfunction
      in 18 out of 52 MS patients. Our findings are compatible with the observations of
      ZIMMERMAN and NETSKY who failed to find any plaques in olfactory tracts of MS
      brains. The significance of this disparity between involvement of optic and
      olfactory systems, both of which contain central myelin, is discussed. Available
      biochemical evidence suggests that, as postulated by LUMSDEN, sparing of
      olfactory tracts may in part be related to the relatively lower basic protein
      content of these structures.

PMID- 174917
TI  - Effect of convulsions and anticonvulsive drugs on cerebrospinal fluid cyclic AMP
      in rabbits.
AB  - Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and aspartate amino
      transferase (ASAT or GOT) activity were measured from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      of rabbits before and after electrically induced convulsions. The convulsions
      caused a significant increase in CSF cAMP concentration. The treatment with
      phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine for 7 days decreased the basal
      cAMP values in CSF and partly inhibited the rise after the convulsions. The
      alterations in ASAT activity were parallel, but less striking. The present
      results suggest the involvement of cAMP in epileptic discharge and in the
      mechanism of action of anticonvulsants.

PMID- 174918
TI  - Studies on the biochemical aspects of the 'disulfiram-like' reaction induced by
      oral hypoglycemics.
AB  - In vitro experiments, using rat liver homogenates, were designed to examine
      certain of the proposed enzymatic mechanisms for the interaction of oral
      hypoglycemic drugs with monoamine and ethanol metabolism. The oxidative
      degradation of tryptamine was studied by measuring indoleacetic acid (IAA)
      production and conclusions were drawn with regard to the activity of monoamine
      oxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and ethanol dehydrogenase. Acetohexamide,
      hydroxyhexamide, tolazamide, tolbutamide and chlorpropamide failed to reveal any
      specific inhibition of the three enzymes. Ethanol (0.2% w/v) and disulfiram
      decreased IAA formation, as did a lack of available aldehyde dehydrogenase and
      NAD, but these reductions were not enhanced by the hypoglycemic agents. The
      results suggest that the 'disulfiram-like' reaction which occurs in certain
      patients imbibing ethanol while receiving oral hypoglycemic drugs, depends upon
      some factor(s) other than, or additional to, a specific interference with
      monoamine and/or ethanol metabolism.

PMID- 174919
TI  - The effect of imidazole on the isometric contractility of the isolated
      hemidiaphragm of the rat.
AB  - Imidazole (0.73-15.9mM) was found to increase both tension developed Td and the
      maximum rats of rise of tension, dT/dtmax, in the isolated hemidiaphragm of the
      rat during indirect stimulation. Similar effects were obtained during direct
      stimulation and in the presence of d-tubocurarine. Imidazole (0.73-22 mM)
      antagonized the action of d-tubocurarine. This effect was particularly pronounced
      in preparations pretreated with imidazole. Propranolol did not significantly
      change the action of imidazole on Td and dT/dtmax during direct stimulation.
      Similarly, propranolol did not affect the action of low concentrations of
      imidazole during indirect stimulation. When present in the bath for periods of
      time longer than 15 min, propranolol significantly depressed the effect of even
      high concentrations of imidazole on Td and dT/dtmax during indirect stimulation.
      Histamine (0.18-0.91 mM) did not affect either Td or dT/dtmax. In the experiments
      in vivo, imidazole (12.5-100 mg/kg) produced a small increase both in Td and
      dT/dtmax of the gastrocnemius muscle during sciatic nerve stimulation. The
      available evidence indicates that the action of imidazole on Td and dT/dtmax is
      not connected with its action on phosphodiesterase, but it is most probably due
      to a direct action on the muscle.

PMID- 174920
TI  - [Pathological studies on corynebacterial ulcerative entero-colitis in rats
      treated with ACTH (author's transl)].
AB  - Ulcerative entero-colitis was developed in 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats
      treated daily with ACTH (4 mg/kg. s. c.) as well as necrotic purulent lesions in
      liver, kidney, lung or heart. Incidence of ulcerative lesions was 6.3% in Farm-A
      rats and 56% in Farm-B rats. Although ulcerative lesions were mostly observed in
      cecum, the similar lesions were also detected in distal ileum or proximal colon
      in some cases. Histologically, the lesions were characterized by focal necrosis
      demarcated from surrounding normal tissue containing a number of clumps of
      bacteria and cellular debris. Bacteriological examination revealed that
      provocation of Coryne-bacterium kutscheri by ACTH-treatment resulted in
      appearance of the lesions. By means of intravenous or intraperitoneal inoculation
      with the strain isolated from lesion similar lesions were produced in the cecum
      of inoculated rats under the ACTH-treatment.

PMID- 174921
TI  - Two sex steroid receptors in SC-115 mammary tumor cells.

PMID- 174922
TI  - Effects of sugars on the physiology of cultured fibroblasts.

PMID- 174924
TI  - Effect of leukoagglutinating phytohemagglutinin on cAMP and cGMP levels in
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 174923
TI  - Advance of mitosis by histone phosphokinase.

PMID- 174925
TI  - Kinetic analysis of the age related differences in glucose-6-phosphatase
      activity.

PMID- 174927
TI  - Stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation by pentylenetetrazol.

PMID- 174926
TI  - Nemaline myopathy, an integrated study: selective extraction.

PMID- 174928
TI  - In situ studies of oxidative energy metabolism during transient cortical ischemia
      in cats.

PMID- 174929
TI  - Extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ and cellular metabolism of phospholipids.
AB  - High extracellular concentration of Ca2+ inhibits the incorporation of 32P into
      the cellular phospholipids. This effect is more significant in neoplastic than in
      normal cells, and it is accompanied by an increase of the percentual
      incorporation into the lecithin fraction.

PMID- 174930
TI  - [Stability of some bradykinin analogues against kininase II (author's transl)].
AB  - Some analogues of bradykinin, especially with replacements by other amino acids
      of phenylalanine in position 8, have been investigated for enzymatic stability
      against kininase II from rat duodenum microsomes and rat uterus plasma membranes,
      respectively. As compared with bradykinin, two of the analogues, [8-erythro-beta
      phenylserine]- and [8-erythro-alpha-Amino-beta-phenylbutyric acid]-Bradykinin
      were stable to enzymatic degradation. Therefore, the latter may be used for
      studies in hormone-receptor interaction.

PMID- 174931
TI  - Penetration of phospholipases A2 and C into the squid (Loligo pealii) giant axon.
AB  - Following 1 h exposure, the level of phospholipase A2 penetration into the
      axoplasm of the squid giant axon was 107 to 350% of that in the external media;
      corresponding values for phospholipase C were 18 to 31%. Phospholipases can
      therefore be used to study phospholipid function in axons since they can
      penetrate through connective tissue and Schwann cell to reach the axolemma.

PMID- 174932
TI  - Opposite effects of vasotocin injected intrapituitarly and intraventricularly on
      corticotropin release in mice.
AB  - A single injection of 10 pg synthetic arginine vasotocin into the pituitary
      significantly potentiated adrenal hypertrophy produced in male mice by unilateral
      adrenalectomy, whereas the same concentration injected into the 3rd ventricle
      produced adrenal atrophy.

PMID- 174933
TI  - [Study of the mitotic activity during the preneoplastic period in the liver of
      rats treated by diethylnitrosamine (author's transl)].
AB  - The chronic administration of diethylnitrosamine in drinking water induces liver
      tumors in the rat. The preneoplastic period may be divided in two phases
      differing mainly in the loss of circadian control of mitotic activity in
      hepatocytes.

PMID- 174934
TI  - Free and sulfoconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone, cyclic adenosime-3',5'
      monophosphate, and free estriol in maternal and cord blood.
AB  - When free DHEA, its sulfatide, and sulfate were assayed in maternal plasma as
      well as in umbilical cord arterial and venous plasma, rather high concentrations
      were found in either fraction from cord arterial plasma, reflecting the fetal
      contribution not only of free DHEA and DHEA sulfate, but also of the lipophile
      steroid sulfatide. Since high DHEA levels were associated with elevated c-AMP
      concentrations, a certain interrelationship of both parameters is indicated. In
      the course of delivery, a rapid decrease of free estriol in maternal plasma was
      observed. Higher concentration of free estriol in umbilical venous plasma pointed
      at its placental biosynthesis from fetal precursors.

PMID- 174935
TI  - Adenovirus type 12 infection of defined mouse-human hybrid cell clones.
AB  - Human adenovirus type 12 does not multiply in mouse cells; only viral T-antigen
      is detected. Mouse-human cell hybrid clones containing human chromosomes A3, B5,
      C7, C11, C12, D14, E17, F19 and F20, support synthesis of adenovirus DNA and
      capsid antigens.

PMID- 174936
TI  - Effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on cultured brain cells from chick embryos of
      different ages.
AB  - The effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on cultivated astroblasts from 8-, 12- and 15
      day-old chick embryo brain has been studied. The results show that these cells
      must have reached some degree of maturation in ovo to become morphologically
      differentiated by the cyclic nucleotide.

PMID- 174937
TI  - Autoradiographic study of the penetration of non-histone chromatin proteins into
      differentiating cells.
AB  - Attention has previously been drawn to a specific effect of NHCP on embryonic
      Pleurodeles cell differentiation. With a modified NHCP labelling technique,
      autoradiography has revealed a cytoplasmic concentration of labelled NHCP and has
      not revealed any difference between homospecific and heterospecific NHCP
      penetration.

PMID- 174938
TI  - The influence of MuLV and SV40 viruses on senescence in mouse fibroblasts in
      vitro.
AB  - Mouse cells productively infected with Moloney leukaemia virus (MuLV) underwent
      senescence in a manner similar to control cells, although they recovered more
      readily as an established line. Rapidly growing cell lines were also obtained
      following simian virus 40 (SV40) infection of senescent cells. However,
      superinfection of senescent MuLV-producing cells by SV40 led to slower growing
      cells with a reduced output of infectious MuLV.

PMID- 174939
TI  - Ocular hazards and potential uses of near-ultraviolet light.

PMID- 174940
TI  - [Physicochemical methods in the quality control of biologically active
      substances].

PMID- 174941
TI  - Alkylation of coenzymes and the acute effects of alkylating hepatotoxins.

PMID- 174943
TI  - Bovine luteal cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity; sensitivity
      to various drugs and hormones.

PMID- 174942
TI  - A paramagnetic intermediate in the reduction of oxygen by reduced laccase.

PMID- 174945
TI  - Specific modification of 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase from human placenta by
      nicotinamide- (5-bromoacetyl-4-methylimidazole) dinucleotide.

PMID- 174944
TI  - The role of lipid in regulation of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase.

PMID- 174946
TI  - Base exchange reactions studied on the level of CDP-activated precursors of
      phospholipids in a cell-free system derived from mouse fibroblasts.

PMID- 174947
TI  - Estradiol-receptor-DNA interaction: liquid polymer phase partition.

PMID- 174948
TI  - Multiple forms of a eukaryotic RNA polymerase II stimulation factor.

PMID- 174949
TI  - Demonstration of the active and the sluggish forms of cytochrome b in isolated b
      c1 complexes of the respiratory chain.

PMID- 174950
TI  - Relations between divalent cation binding and ATPase activity in coupling factor
      from chloroplast.

PMID- 174951
TI  - Stimulation of rat kidney gluconeogenic ability by inhibition of liver
      gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 174952
TI  - Reaction kinetics for positive charge accumulation on the water side of
      chloroplast photosystem II.

PMID- 174953
TI  - Demonstration of steroid specific hormone receptors by chromatography.

PMID- 174954
TI  - Mediation of the allosteric response of 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from
      peas.

PMID- 174956
TI  - The amino acid sequence of cytochrome c from Eisenia foetida (Savigny) (common
      brandling worm).

PMID- 174955
TI  - Phosphorylation of non-histone chromatin proteins in normal and regenerating rat
      liver, Novikoff hepatoma and rat heart.

PMID- 174958
TI  - [Impulse activity of neurons in the rabbit sensory-motor cortex during
      recruitment].
AB  - In unanesthetized rabbits, recruiting response to low-frequency stimulation of
      the thalamic center medial was followed by a change in the overall level of
      neuronal activity in the sensory-motor cortex lasting throughout the stimulation,
      and a change in the firing rate related to spindles of the response. Adoption of
      the thalamic stimulation rhythm by cortical neurons could be observed either
      during the whole period of stimulation or in relation to phases of the recruiting
      response. These factors of influence of unspecific thalamic structures on
      neuronal activity in the hemispheres during recruiting response are relatively
      independent of each other. In contrast with data obtained in anesthetized
      animals, in chronic conditions unspecific structures exert heterogeneous mainly
      inhibitory influence on the spike activity of cortical neurons.

PMID- 174957
TI  - Matrix vesicle heterogeneity: possible morphogenetic functions for matrix
      vesicles.
AB  - Extracellular membranous matrix vesicles were localized and described using
      electronmicroscopy during chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and dentinogenesis.
      Evidence indicates that matrix vesicles in each of these specific tissue types
      function to concentrate and transport ions and enzymes which serve as nucleation
      sites for the mineralization of hydroxylapatite. We have examined different
      developmental stages of Meckel's cartilage, alveolar bone and epithelial
      mesenchymal interactions associated with tooth formation in newborn mice. These
      ultrastructural studies indicate matrix vesicle heterogeneity. Whereas most
      matrix vesicles contain alkaline phosphatase activity during cartilage, bone and
      dentine mineralization, in earlier developmental stages matrix vesicles contain
      acid phosphatase activities and little, if any, alkaline phosphatase. Tissue
      type, specific developmental stage, and ultrastructural criteria indicate various
      "classes" of matrix vesicles. During epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in tooth
      development, mesenchymal cells (preodontoblasts) appear to be the source of
      matrix vesicles as indicated by the complementarity between H-2
      histocompatibility alloantigen specificity on the cell surface and that of the
      matrix vesicle outer surface; matrix vesicles are limited by a trilaminar
      membrane derived from the mesenchymal cells. Some of the vesicles located
      adjacent to dividing inner enamel epithelial cells contain RNA's as determined by
      electron microscopic autoradiography in situ, as well as by direct biochemical
      assays. We postulate that matrix vesicles have many different and important
      biological functions, one of which may be to mediate developmental information
      from mesenchyme to epithelia during "instructive" stages of tooth development.

PMID- 174959
TI  - [The influence of oxytocin on the membrane potentials of mammary gland secretory
      cells].
AB  - The effect of oxytocine and its combinations with the acetylcholine, adrenaline,
      atropin, and prozerin on the level of membrane potential of mammary secretory
      cells was studied. Short oxytocine application (5-10(-4) ME/ml) evoked
      hyperpolarization of the contraluminal membrane (12+/-1 mV for 54+/-5 sec). Their
      response was increased by joint application of acetylcholine or proserine and
      decreased by preliminary application of atropin. Adrenaline increased or
      decreased the amplitude of the membrane potential's changes and considerably
      reduced the duration of the oxytocine reaction. Existence of oxytocine receptors
      was supposed on the membrane of secretory cells, as well as the possibility of
      acetylcholine and adrenaline effects on the structure of oxytocine receptors or
      the interaction of adreno--and cholinergic receptors with the oxytocine those.

PMID- 174960
TI  - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis: ultrastructural study (author's transl)].
AB  - While in general agreement with previous searchers, the authors direct their
      attention at peculiar or unknown structures such as: a huge phagosome sometimes
      loaded with a paracristalline rod; an occasional set of parallel microtubules
      along the reservoir; eventual duplication of the blepharoplast and even of the
      flagellum. There appear to be some 90 microtubules in the hyaloplasm of
      tleishmania tropica.

PMID- 174961
TI  - The influence of hormones on the nervous system (with special emphasis on
      polypeptide hormones).

PMID- 174962
TI  - Effects of 25-hydroxycholesterol and aminoglutethimide in isolated rat adrenal
      cells. A model for congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia?
AB  - The production of corticosterone from 25-hydroxycholesterol by isolated rat
      adrenal cells is inhibited by aminoglutethimide phosphate (AGI); half-maximal
      inhibition is obtained at ca. 10 muM. AGI also inhibits ACTH-stimulated steroid
      production from endogeneous substrates; here half-maximal inhibition is obtained
      with ca. 40 muM AGI. In the presence of ACTH + AGI, 25-hydroxycholesterol causes
      additive inhibition. This effect of 25-hydroxycholesterol is dose-dependent. ACTH
      stimulated steroid production from endogeneous substrates is partially inhibited
      by 5-cholene-3 beta,24-diol. These results may just reflect substrate competition
      for the side-chain cleaving system or may be due to some seocndary toxic effect
      on the cells.

PMID- 174963
TI  - Rapid interaction of prolactin with mouse mammary gland explants.
AB  - Exposure of mouse mammary gland explants to prolactin at 0 degrees C, for periods
      as brief as 10 seconds, caused a stimulation of labeled uridine incorporation
      into RNA during a subsequent incubation for 4 h at 37 degrees C. Furthermore, a 2
      h wash of the prolactin-exposed explants in media at 0 degrees C did not
      attenuate the hormonal effect. A similar exposure of explants to insulin,
      followed by a 2-h wash at 0 degrees C, caused the abolition of the insulin
      stimulation of labeled uridine incorporation into RNA. The results suggest that
      there is a rapid and relatively stable interaction of prolactin with the mammary
      gland, while the interaction of insulin with this tissue would appear to be less
      stable.

PMID- 174964
TI  - FSH stimulation of DNA synthesis in Sertoli cells in culture.
AB  - The incorporation of [2H]thymidine into nuclear DNA was investigated in cultured
      Sertoli cells prepared from testes of 20-day-old rats. Addition of follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) or dibutyryl cyclic, 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate
      (DBCAMP) to the culture medium greatly increased incorporation, expressed either
      as total amounts of [3H]thymidine incorporated per mug DNA or as the percentage
      of Sertoli cells with labeled nuclear DNA. No stimulation was observed in cells
      cultured in the presence of testosterone, insulin or cyclic 3',5'-GMP (cGMP).
      Light and electron microscopic autoradiographic analysis was employed to
      establish the identity of Sertoli cells having labeled nuclear DNA. Contaminating
      spermatogonia, which also took up labeled [3H]thymidine, were excluded from cell
      counts. In addition, Sertoli cells prepared from testes of irradiated 20-day-old
      germinal cell depleted rats were also observed to incorporate more [3H]thymidine
      into nuclear DNA when cultured in a chemically defined medium in the presence of
      FSH. DNA synthesis was abolished by prior treatment of cells with cytosine
      arabinoside. In separate experiments, the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA
      of peritubular myoid cells was shown to be independent of FSH or dbcAMP.

PMID- 174965
TI  - Characterization of the protein kinases in a transplantable islet cell tumor of
      the Syrian hamster.
AB  - The protein kinase activities of a transplantable, insulin-producing hamster
      islet cell tumor were characterized using gel filtration, sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The post-microsomal
      supernatant fluid contains 70-80% of the protein kinase activity present in crude
      homogenates. A cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PK I (Mr 170,000), represents 25%
      of the soluble protein kinase activity assayed with protamine as substrate. It
      dissociates in the presence of cAMP into a cAMP-binding protein, R2 (Mr 90,000)
      and a catalytic subunit C (Mr 33,000). The dissociation induced by cAMP seems to
      be facilitated by the addition of Mg2+ and ATP. The regulatory subunit, R2,
      changes its gel filtration pattern in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl suggesting
      dissociation into a smaller subunit, R1 (Mr 44,000). By analogy with purified
      beef heart protein kinase (Erlichman et al., 1973) and skeletal muscle protein
      kinase, PK I. The presence in crude homogenates of a free cAMP-binding protein
      indistinguishable from the R2 derived by dissociation of PK I, suggests that PK I
      is partially dissociated in vivo. A cAMP-independent (casein) kinase (Mr 210,000)
      elutes with PK I on columns of Sepharose 6B. Another cAMP-independent protein
      kinase, PK II (Mr 88,000), is the predominatn form of soluble protein kinase
      accounting for approximately 75% of the soluble protein kinase activity detected
      using protaimine as substrate. This cAMP-independent protein kinase changes its
      gel filtration pattern in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl giving rise to a form which
      appears to have the same Mr (33,000) as the catalytic subunit of PK I. Studies
      comparing the catalytic subunit C of PK I with PK II and its salt-induced smaller
      molecular form demonstrate facile association of C with the cAMP-binding protein
      of purified bovine heart protein kinase to yield a hybrid holoenzyme, whereas PK
      II and its smaller form fail to recombine in this fashion. The 33,000 dalton
      forms derived from PK I (by cAMP) and PK II (by salt) also show different
      substrate specificities. It would appear, therefore, that pK II is a cAMP
      independent protein kinase unrelated to PK I.

PMID- 174966
TI  - LH- and FSH-stimulating of adenylate cyclase in seminiferous tubules from young
      rats: functional FSH and LH receptors unmasked by homogenization.
AB  - LH- and FSH-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity was present in homogenates of
      whole testis tissue as well as in microdissected seminiferous tubules derived
      from young rats. In homogenates of seminiferous tubules a single adenylate
      cyclase appears to interact with both LH and FSH through separate hormone
      specific receptors. Disruption of testis tissue by homogenization exposes
      functional FSH and LH receptors which are inaccessible to the hormones in intact
      cell preparations. These results indicate that in certain seminiferous tubule
      cell types only a fraction of the total functional receptors present is
      accessible to the cell surface for interaction with hormone.

PMID- 174967
TI  - Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer properties of PGE2, 15-methyl PGE2, and 16,
      16-dimethyl PGE2. Intravenous, oral and intrajejunal administration.
AB  - 15-Methyl PGE2 and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 were found (1) to be 40 and 100 times,
      respectively, more potent than PGE2 after intravenous administration in
      inhibiting histamine-stimulated gastric secretion in dogs with a denervated
      (Heidenhain) gastric pouch, (2) to be active orally and intrajejunally, whereas
      PGE2 was inactive, and (3) to exert antisecretory activity for longer duration
      than PGE2. 16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 was about 2.5 times more potent than 15-methyl
      PGE2. Volume, acid concentration, and output, and pepsin output (but not
      concentration) were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. In the rat, 16,16
      dimethyl PGE2 also inhibited gastric secretion and prevented the formation of
      ulcers produced by various methods: gastric ulcers (Shay, and steroid induced)
      and duodenal ulcers (secretogogue induced). In this species, 1l816-dimethyl PGE2
      was 2 to 50 times more potent than PGE2, depending on the endpoint, and was
      active orally. These prostaglandins appear to inhibit gastric acid secretion by
      acting directly on the parietal cells, and making these unresponsive to most
      stimulants. Vomiting was a side effect of the prostaglandin analogues in the dog,
      but almost exclusively when these were given orally. After intravenous or
      intrajejunal administration at doses inhibiting gastric secretion by 80%,
      vomiting was seen only once. These results suggest that 15-methyl PGE2 and 16,16
      dimethyl PGE2 may be of value in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 174968
TI  - Fulminant herpes simplex hepatitis in an adult: report of a case in renal
      transplant recipient.
AB  - A case of disseminated herpes simplex infection is reported in a 31-year-old
      renal transplant recipient. The patient presented with a unique clinical
      syndrome: high fever, severe sore throat with buccal and pharyngeal ulcerations,
      fulminant hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. The patient died from
      hepatic failure, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding. The diagnosis was made by positive herpes simplex
      virus culture from the throat, and was confirmed at autopsy by typical Cowdry's
      type A intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes with positive herpes simplex virus
      culture from the liver. Review of the literature reveals that other reported
      cases have had very similar clinical findings, making disseminated herpes simplex
      infection with fulminant hepatitis a recognizable syndrome.

PMID- 174969
TI  - [Seroepidemiological studies related to the association of genital herpes to
      cervical cancer (author's transl)].
AB  - Blood sera of 290 patients were examined for the presence of antibodies against
      herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2): 1. lues - seronegative
      individuals, 2. patients with specific lues antibodies, and 3. patients with so
      called carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The group
      of syphilis-seropositive individuals served as control for the group with
      cervical lesions, because in both groups certain socioepidemiologic factors
      (promiscuity, early sexual intercourse) appear to be prevalent. The average value
      for HSV-2-antibodies was significantly higher in patients with cervical lesions
      than that in lues-seropositive individuals. Also, the average value was higher in
      the lues-seropositive group than that in the lues-seronegative group. The
      frequency of HSV-2-antibodies was highest in the group of patients with so-called
      carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma, less in the lues-seropositive group,
      and even more less in the lues-seronegative group. These results make it unlikely
      that the connection between cervical carcinoma and HSV-2-infection is a common or
      "nonsense"-correlation. They suggest a more narrow correlation between both
      diseases, but leave open whether it consists of either a causal relationship
      between herpes infection and the development of cervical carcinoma, or a
      predilection for herpes infection in the cervical region by the carcinomatous
      tissue.

PMID- 174970
TI  - Mapping and gene conversion studies with the structural gene for iso-1-cytochrome
      C in yeast.
AB  - We have investigated the order of the four genes cyc1, rad7, SUP4, and cdc8 which
      form a tightly linked cluster on the right arm of chromosome X in the yeast
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Crossing over and coconversion data from tetrad
      analysis established the gene order to be centromere-cyc1-rad7-SUP4. Also cdc8
      appeared to be distal to SUP4 on the basis of crossovers that were associated
      with conversion of SUP4. The frequencies of recombination and the occurrence of
      coconversions suggest that these four genes are contiguous or at least nearly so.
      Gene-conversion frequencies for several cyc1 alleles were studied, including cyc1
      1, a deletion of the whole gene that extends into the rad7 locus. The cyc1-1
      deletion was found to be capable of conversion, though at a frequency some
      fivefold less than the other alleles studied, and both 3:1 and 1:3 events were
      detected. In general 1:3 and 3:1 conversion events were equally frequent at all
      loci studied, and approximately 50% of conversions were accompanied by reciprocal
      recombination for flanking markers. The orientation of the cyc1 gene could not be
      clearly deduced from the behavior of the distal marker SUP4 in wild-type
      recombinants that arose from diploids heteroallelic for cyc1 mutations.

PMID- 174971
TI  - [3 new allotypes of mink blood serum alpha2-lipoproteins--Lpm 6, Lpm 7, Lpm 8].
AB  - Three new allotypes were discovered in mink sera by means of isoimmunization.
      Based on the results of identifications, they were referred to the Lpm system of
      serum alpha2-lipoprotein. They were designated as Lpm 6, Lpm 7 and Lpm 8. The
      allotyping of serum samples from 342 minks made possible to establish a relation
      between Lpm 7 and Lpm 8 using the chi2 method; it was also found that these two
      allotypes related to each of the first five Lpm as well as to their phenotypes,
      which was described earlier. There was a significant dependence of the expression
      of Lpm 6 on Lpm 5 indicating a genetic relation between Lpm 6 and other
      allotypes. The detection of Lpm 6, 7 and 8, which are the most likely under the
      control of the same gene (or a sustem of genes) as Lpm 1, 2, 3 and 5, is an
      evidence for the complex structure of the Lpm locus.

PMID- 174972
TI  - [A supplement to the method of determining 2,4-toluilendiisocyanate in the air].

PMID- 174973
TI  - [Effect of hypo- and hyperthermia on the onset and course of an experimental food
      toxinfection caused by Cl. perfringens type A].

PMID- 174974
TI  - [Catalytic method of determining certain sulfur-containing compounds (thiourea,
      etc.) in air].

PMID- 174975
TI  - [Hygienic criteria of the effectiveness of washing polyethylene packaging with a
      solution of ammonium alkyl sulfate].

PMID- 174977
TI  - Early stimulation of human chorionic gonadotropin secretion by dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP and theophylline in human malignant trophoblast cells in vitro: inhibition by
      actinomycin D, alpha-amanitin, and cordycepin.
AB  - Human malignant trophoblast cells (BeWo line) in culture were employed to
      investigate the early stimulation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion
      by 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP and 1 mM theophylline (dbT). The earliest increase
      in secreted immunoreactive hCG occurred at 3 1/2 h following addition of dbT, and
      was preceded by an increase in intracellular hCG. These results suggested that
      dbT stimulated hCG synthesis, rather than release. Addition of either 0.062
      mug/ml actinomycin D or 100 mug/ml cordycepin along with dbT, or 3 mug/ml alpha
      amanitin 9 h prior to addition of dbT, prevented the increase in hCG secretion at
      3 1/2-8 h. It was concluded that synthesis of RNA (possibly messenger RNA) is
      required for the early stimulation of hCG secretion by dbT.

PMID- 174976
TI  - [Beta-cholesterol in the cholestasis of pregnancy. IV. Concentration of total
      bilirubin and iron in the serum and occurence of pruritus in pregnant women with
      cholestasis and content of cholesterol in blood beta-lipoprotein fractions].

PMID- 174978
TI  - [The diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast in relation to growth rate (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The doubling time (DT) was estimated quantitatively for 16 carcinomas of the
      breast according to the method described by Collins and co-workers in 1956. This
      is based on the concept of constant and exponential growth. Observation interval
      for these mammographically confirmed tumors was between 83 and 1,034 days. The DT
      was calculated to vary from 45 to 260 days; in order to reach a diameter of 1 cm.
      after 30 divisions would require a period of 3.7 to 21.4 years. Mammography
      frequently demonstrates small, clinically occult, tumours. Axillary lymph node
      metastases are relatively rare from small tumours; growth rate of 70% of breast
      carcinomas in such that an annual clinical and radiological check-up will prove
      to be the best means of reducing mortality from carcinoma of the breast. The risk
      inherent in the radiation resulting from annual mammography is acceptable in
      women over 35 years. This leaves the problem of rapidly growing carcinomas which
      would escape early diagnosis by early examinations. Half-yearly examinations of
      women in high risk groups (1. Previous mastectomy for carcinoma, 2. Biopsy-proven
      mastopathy with atypical proliferation) comprising about 30% of carcinomas with a
      short doubling time would appear to be reasonable.

PMID- 174979
TI  - [A comparison of radiology and scanning with 99mTc-pyrophosphate in 125 patients
      with tumours (author's transl)].
AB  - Various portions of the skeleton were examined in 125 patients both
      radiologically and by scanning, using 99mTc-pyrophosphate. The results are
      compared, particular attention being paid to errors in diagnosis. The figures
      show that scans represent a valuable additional form of examination for detecting
      tumours which have not been found radiologically. The importance of serial
      observations is discussed.

PMID- 174980
TI  - [The distribution of Sn2+ after application as a complex (author's transl)].
AB  - On animal experiments was shown that Sn2+ after i.v. application with 113Sn as
      radioactiv indicator was deposited in the skeleton. Experiments were done with
      citrat-, tartrat-, pyrophosphat-, phosphat- and Sn2+/HCl-complexes. The
      importance of the results for the use of Sn2+-solutions in Nuclear Medicine for
      men are discussed.

PMID- 174981
TI  - [Klippel-Trenaunay's syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have observed seven cases of this syndrome, and together with a
      review of the literature, they discuss the various facets which constitute this
      disease. Particular attention is paid to the findings in the vessels of the
      extremities on phlebography and arteriography, and the authors conclude that
      these examinations are vital in the diagnosis of this syndrome.

PMID- 174982
TI  - [Successful sclerosing of a big kidney cyst without operation].

PMID- 174983
TI  - Uncommon aspect of a breasttumour.

PMID- 174984
TI  - [Stretched veins, a new, indirect sign of malignant breast tumours (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The diagnosis of malignant breast tumours depends on direct and indirect
      radiological signs. Amongst the latter, considerable emphasis has been placed in
      the literature on the finding of dilated veins. An analysis of the literature and
      of nearly 1,500 examinations has shown, however that this sign is not as reliable
      as has been thought. A new sign has been noticed, which has so far not been
      emphasised in the literature. This is stretching of the veins. It is not a direct
      sign, but as an indirect sign it is a more reliable indication of malignancy than
      dilatation of veins. Stretching of veins may also occur in benign conditions, but
      it is twice as frequent in the presence of malignant tumours. It is therefore
      considered that the presence of stretched veins is an indirect sign of malignant
      breast tumours.

PMID- 174986
TI  - [Neuromuscular transmission in posttraumatic peripheral paralysis].

PMID- 174985
TI  - Molecular basis of transepithelial transport in the proximal tubule of rat
      kidney: properties of the luminal and the contraluminal cell membrane.

PMID- 174987
TI  - [Synovial condition in pulmonary osteoarthropathy associated with carcinoma of
      the lungs].

PMID- 174988
TI  - [Spread of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus in virgin soil (Hokkaido,
      Japan): observation with serological surveys (author's transl)].
AB  - Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), a novel disease caused with a new type
      of enterovirus, occurred for the first time in Sapporo City and other areas of
      Hokkaido in October of 1971. During first 4 months, 1,000 or more cases of AHC
      were reported in Sapporo and 2,300 cases in other areas. Thereafter, there are no
      epidemic of AHC in any areas, though there are sporadic cases up to date. To know
      the spread of exogenous agent, AHC virus, in Hokkaido, the neutralizing antibody
      was measured with sera of healthy adults resident in 12 separated districts of
      Hokkaido in 1973 and 1974. It was revealed that the positive reactors to AHC
      virus were found in 5 to 35% in all districts but one in 1974, and AHC virus was
      distributed in almost all the areas of Hokkaido within a period of two and half
      years after invasion. In addition, a sequential sero-survey to detect the spread
      of AHC virus has been carried out in Sapporo. A rate of neutralizing antibody
      positives in healthy adults did not show a clear increase on sera withdrawn one
      year after epidemic of AHC in comparison with those before epidemic, but show a
      remarkable increase on sera withdrawn later in spite of non-epidemic. An increase
      of antibody positive rate in non-epidemic period was also obtained from sera of
      healthy adults resident in districts other than Sapporo. These findings made
      doubt the changes in transmission on mode and/or in clinical pictures, and the
      viral mutation in biological character, such as temperature for propagation, may
      be supposed.

PMID- 174989
TI  - The plasmatic 11-hydroxy-corticosteroid response in the human to a synthetic
      octadecapeptide corticotrophin (C-41795-Ba).
AB  - The adrenal response as measured by the plasmatic changes in 11-hydroxy
      corticosteroid (11-OHCS) concentration following the administration of a
      synthetic octadecapeptide (C-41795-Ba) was compared in 17 normal young males with
      that obtained with the commercially available tetracosactrin. C-41795-Ba
      polypeptide shows a higher potency than tetracosactrin. Its effects are longer
      lasting when administered intravenously which indicates a significant local
      inactivation of the polypeptide.

PMID- 174990
TI  - Binding of somatomedins and insulin to plasma membranes prepared from rat and
      monkey tissue.
AB  - Particulate membranes prepared from a variety of monkey and rat tissues were
      shown to have specific binding sites for somatomedin A. Binding to talc on the
      other hand showed no specificity, and the sensitivity was less. The membrane
      bound somatomedin A was displaced by somatomedin A in concentrations between 0.01
      and 5 U/ml. Of the other hormones tested only insulin in high concentrations
      could interfere with the binding of labelled somatomedin A to tissue membranes.
      Membranes prepared from a number of rat and monkey tissues also contained binding
      sites for insulin. Somatomedin A could interfere with the binding of labelled
      insulin. No binding was observed for somatomedin B in the tissues studied.

PMID- 174991
TI  - Impairment and restoration of response to TSH in dog thyroid slices after
      treatment with phospholipase A and lubrol PX.
AB  - Incubation of dog thyroid slices with phospholipase A (10-40 U/Ml) or Lubrol PX
      (0.08-0.4%) caused a diminution in the subsequent TSH effect on the tissue cyclic
      AMP level and glucose oxidation. The same treatment had no effect on the basal
      level of these parameters. When the phospholipase A or Lubrol PX-treated slices
      were rinsed intensively with a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer and then incubated
      at 37degreesC in the same buffer for a further 1 to 3 hours, responsiveness to
      TSH recovered progressively reaching almost completely that of the control
      slices. Again, these procedures were without any significant effect on the
      responsiveness of the control slices. The above results together with those
      reported previously suggest strongly that phospholipids are an essential
      component of the plasma membrane system by which TSH stimulates adenylate cyclase
      activity. In addition, these essential lipids in the membrane appear to be
      renewed rather efficiently in this tissue, thus securing the functional integrity
      of the thyroid in the face of various deleterious situations.

PMID- 174992
TI  - The effect of ACTH administration on the phagocytic and bactericidal activities
      of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Metabolic and bactericial activities of leukocytes obtained from 5 normal
      volunteers receiving 1 mg of synthetic B1-24 ACTH intra-muscularly daily for 7
      days, were studied. Bactericidal activity and phagocytosis induced
      hexosemonophosphate shunt activity of leukocytes were found to be depressed
      following ACTH administration. However, glycolytic activity, which provides the
      necessary energy for particle uptake by leukocytes, was not altered. These
      findings indicate that a moderately prolonged exposure to elevated levels of
      plasma cortisol does not affect the phagocytic activity of leukocytes (as
      indicated by glycolytic activity) but significantly impairs their ability to
      destroy the ingested bacteria. It is suggested that the impaired bactericidal
      activity of leukocytes reported in children suffering from protein-calorie
      malnutrition may partly be due to elevated plasma cortisol levels seen in them.

PMID- 174993
TI  - Hyperinsulinemia and fat cell glycerokinase activity in obese (ob/ob) and
      diabetic (db/db) mice.

PMID- 174994
TI  - Synthesis of 9-O-acetyl- and 4,9-di-O-acetyl derivatives of the methyl ester of N
      acetyl-beta-D-neuraminic acid methylglycoside. Their use as models in periodate
      oxidation studies.
AB  - Reaction of the methyl ester of N-acetyl-beta-D-neuraminic acid methyl glycoside
      with N-acetylimidazole yielded the corresponding 9-O-acetyl- and 4,9-di-O-acetyl
      derivatives. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by mass
      spectrometry and both 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The compounds served as model
      substances in a comparative study of the rate of periodate oxidation of
      unsubstituted and of 9-O-acetylated-N-acetyl-neuraminic acids. This reaction was
      strongly hampered by the presence of the 9-O-acetyl group. The low molar
      absorbancy coefficient of N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid in the periodic
      acid/thiobarbituric acid assay can be explained by this retardation.

PMID- 174995
TI  - Quantitative determination of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) in different
      hepatic tissues by an isotope dilution procedure.
AB  - A procedure has been developed for the quantitation of poly(ADP-ribose) in intact
      tissues. It is based on the dilution of added [3H]poly(ADP-ribose) by the
      endogenous polymer. 5 - 6 nanomoles protein-bound ADP-ribose per mg DNA were
      found in adult and neonatal rat liver, while Zajdela hepatoma cells had
      significantly lower values. A comparison with mono(ADP-ribose) residues in adult
      rat liver revealed similar levels of monomeric and polymeric ADP-ribose residues.
      This means that far more proteins (or acceptor sites on proteins) must be
      occupied by single ADP-ribose residues than by oligo or poly(ADP-ribose) chains.
      While the poly(ADP-ribose) levels of the different tissues do not correlate with
      the corresponding proliferation rates, the amount of mono(ADP-ribose) does show a
      certain Correlation, being low in rapidly growing tissues.

PMID- 174996
TI  - Isoenzymes of serum N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in the I cell disease
      heterozygote.
AB  - Serum N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase is compared quantitatively and qualitatively
      in 14 obligate heterozygotes for the mutant gene causing I cell disease (ICD) or
      mucolipidosis II and in 31 normal controls. The average specific activity in
      either group is significantly different but reliable heterozygote detection
      cannot be achieved because of some overlapping of the ranges of individual
      results. Fractionation of the enzyme either by DEAE cellulose column
      chromatography, or by heat inactivation, yields a typical average result for each
      genotype. Also, mere expression of the various components as percentages of the
      total activity is not useful for certain identification of the ICD heterozygote.
      There is considerable overlapping of the percents hexosaminidase I1 and A in both
      groups of sera. If enzymatic hydrolysis by any component is expressed as a
      partial activity, a much better though not absolute distinction between the ICD
      heterozygote and the normal control becomes possible. Only the latter way of
      expression of hexosaminidase results makes distinction between the ICD
      heterozygote and the Tay-Sachs heterozygote very probable.

PMID- 174997
TI  - Carcinoma of the esophagus in Africans: establishment of a continuously growing
      cell line from a tumor specimen.
AB  - Biopsy material, from a patient with an esophageal carcinoma of a type occurring
      relatively frequently in Africans in some regions of Southern Africa, has been
      adapted to cell culture conditions and has developed into a continuously growing
      tumor cell line. The cells have a squamous pattern of growth which they maintain,
      without piling up, even in heavily confluent cultures.

PMID- 174998
TI  - Virological studies on the epidemic of conjunctivitis in Calcutta.

PMID- 174999
TI  - Mechanism of tumour regression by tumour cell extract.

PMID- 175000
TI  - Precipitating antibodies against Entamoeba histolytica in liver pus--a
      preliminary communication.

PMID- 175001
TI  - Reovirus type 3 infection of laboratory mice in India.

PMID- 175002
TI  - Pertussis antibodies in whooping cough.

PMID- 175003
TI  - Age and order of appearance of elbow and hand-wrist ossific centres in Punjabee
      children from Rohtak.

PMID- 175004
TI  - Molecular biology of amoebic encystment.

PMID- 175005
TI  - Circadian periodicity of plasma cortison (17-OHCS) levels in normal, traumatized,
      corticotrophin and dexamethasone treated rabbits.

PMID- 175006
TI  - Viraemia studies on the Kyasanur Forest Disease human cases of 1966.

PMID- 175007
TI  - Epidemiological studies on the encephalitis epidemic in Bankura.

PMID- 175008
TI  - Evaluation of culture method in the diagnosis of suspected cases of amoebiasis.

PMID- 175009
TI  - Serological survey for antibodies to respiratory viruses in acute respiratory
      illnesses in infants and children in Chandigarh, northern India.

PMID- 175010
TI  - Cytopathological and cytochemical studies on respiratory viruses in tissue
      cultured cells. III. Infection with parainfluenza viruses.

PMID- 175011
TI  - Survey of adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in Pondicherry
      area--south India.

PMID- 175012
TI  - Adenovirus infection in Nilgiris.

PMID- 175013
TI  - Identification of cholesterol in the receptor site for rickettsiae on sheep
      erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - Cholesterol was identified as an essential component of the receptor on the sheep
      erythrocyte to which Rickettsia prowazeki adsorbs before lysing the cell.
      Erythrocytes or ghosts, derived by hypotonic lysis, were treated with proteolytic
      enzymes, sialidase, sulfhydryl reagents, and periodate without affecting their
      ability to adsorb rickettsiae. Lipid extracts of ghosts and erythrocytes, on the
      other hand, contained receptor activity. Fractionation of the lipid extracts by
      silicic acid column chromatogrphy resulted in the isolation of receptor activity
      in a neutral lipid fraction. The lipid fractions demonstrated receptor acitity at
      34 C but not at 0 C. These properties are also characteristic of the receptor
      activity with erythrocytes and ghosts. Cholesterol, co-lyophilized with palmitic
      acid, was found to possess receptor activity. Palmitic acid alone, cholesterol
      lecithin, cholestane-palmitic acid, and various phospholipids and glycolipids had
      no receptor activity. Ghosts treated with amphotericin B or digitonin, compounds
      that bind to cholesterol in the membrane, lost their ability to adsorb
      rickettsiae.

PMID- 175014
TI  - Role of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in some human neutrophil functions as indicated by
      ionophore A23187.
AB  - Studies with the divalent cation ionophore A23187 suggest that both Ca2+ and Mg2+
      ion influx play a role in human peripheral blood neutrophil function.
      Degranulation of neutrophils occurred at ionophore concentrations of 10(-5) M and
      was Ca2+ but not Mg2+ dependent. Modulation of neutrophil chemotaxis was enhanced
      optimally by 10(-7) M ionophore and was both Ca2+ and Mg2+ dependent.
      Concentrations of ionophore as low as 10(-12) M seemed to sensitize the cells to
      a concentration of phorbol myristate acetate which by itself was not chemotactic.
      These findings also indicate that factors other than Ca2+ or increases in cyclic
      nucleotides are important to initiation and modulation of neutrophil function.

PMID- 175015
TI  - Increased cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content in guinea pig ileum after
      exposure to Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin.
AB  - To compare Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin with cholera toxin, which is known
      to increase cellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), studies were
      undertaken to determine the effect of delta-toxin on the cAMP content of guinea
      pig ileum maintained in vitro. Concentrations of delta-toxin as low as 0.40
      mug/ml increased cAMP levels in guinea pig ileum after 2 h of incubation.
      Histological damage was seen in ileum exposed for 2 h to delta-toxin
      concentrations of 100 mug/ml. As little as 3 mug of delta-toxin increased
      vascular permeability in guinea pig skin. Permeability changes became evident
      within 5 min and were maximal within 6 h, whereas those produced by cholera toxin
      required 24 h to become maximal. Benadryl did not interfere with the ability of
      these toxins to alter vascular permeability. Purified egg lecithin reduced the
      effectiveness of delta-toxin in the skin but did not inhibit cholera toxin. Delta
      toxin in concentrations as low as 0.1 mug/ml caused dislodgement of HeLa cells in
      tissue cultures. Therefore, delta-toxin appears unique in being the only
      bacterial toxin, currently known to alter water absorption in the ileum, that is
      capable of both increasing cAMP levels and being cytotoxic. These findings
      suggest a possible role for delta-toxin in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal
      enteritis.

PMID- 175016
TI  - Variability in the structural polypeptides of herpes simplex virus 1 strains:
      potential application in molecular epidemiology.
AB  - This paper reports on the variability of structural polypeptides of 53 strains of
      herpes simplex virus 1 isolated from Italy, Uganda, South Africa, and various
      locations in the United States. Most strains were passaged a limited number of
      times at low multiplicity outside the human host; a few strains were
      characterized by numberous passages at variable multiplicities in cell culture
      and experimental animals. The acrylamide gel electrophoresis of polypeptides from
      purified virions revealed seven variable polypeptides. Virion polypeptides (VP)
      7, 11, 13, 14, 15.2 and 23 were present in at least two isotypic forms
      characterized by fast and slow electrophoretic mobilities. VP8 could not be
      detected in three strains. In addition, VP13, 15.2, and 23 in some strains were
      either absent or comigrated with other polypeptides. A variety of tests showed
      that the variability in electrophoretic mobility of polypeptides was reproducible
      and could not be attributed to artifacts of purification, solubilization, or
      electrophoresis. Attempts to classify the strains on the basis of electrophoretic
      mobility of five or all seven variable polypeptides yielded 14 and 19 groups,
      respectively. The bulk of the strains (41 to 53) fell into six groups. Not all
      possible permutations of variable polypeptides were observed. Comparison of early
      and late passages of laboratory strains showed that in the few instances tested
      the variability could not be attributed to the propagation of the virus outside
      the human host. Clustering of strains on the basis of country of origin was not
      observed. Some clustering of isolates on the basis of site of isolation was
      observed, and the data do suggest that further analyses of isolates for evidence
      of a correlation between the site of localization on the human body and the
      structural polypeptides might be useful. Electrophoretic characterization of
      structural polypeptides has the potential of becoming a powerful tool for
      epidemiological studies of herpes simplex virus infections.

PMID- 175018
TI  - Effect of in vitro adaptation of Marek's disease virus on pock induction on the
      chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs.
AB  - Cell-associated preparations of several isolates of Marek's disease virus
      produced more pocks on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs
      than plaques in duck embryo fibroblasts, thus indicating that lesion response in
      eggs was more sensitive than cytopathic response in duck embryo fibroblasts for
      assaying low-passage Marek's disease virus. Adaptation of the virus to cell
      cultures by serial passages, however, substantially reduced its pock response so
      that the titer ratio (plaque-forming units in duck embryo fibroblasts/pock
      forming units in eggs) of cell culture-adapted Marek's disease virus was 1 or
      higher. The decreased pock response could not be attributed to selection of
      preexisting virus variant(s) with low affinity for chorioallantoic membrane
      because cloned Marek's disease virus had a good pock response at low cell culture
      passage levels, but this response decreased as the virus was attenuated by serial
      cell culture passage.

PMID- 175017
TI  - Characteristics of cells present in peritoneal fluids of mice injected
      intraperitoneally with Bordetella pertussis.
AB  - Peritoneal fluids obtained from mice after the intraperitoneal administration of
      Bordetella pertussis vaccine, heated vaccine, an extract of the organisms, killed
      Escherichia coli, or thioglycolate medium were examined in terms of total cells
      and percentage that adhered to glass cover slips during 2-h incubation period.
      All these substances were found to increase the number of leukocytes in
      peritoneal fluid within 1 to 2 days after the injection. This increase appeared
      to be due to an influx of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes with
      relative proportions at a given time dependent upon the material involved in the
      induction of the response. The initial increases after pertussis vaccine seemed
      to be due mainly to an influx of monomuclear cells, whereas with E. coli
      neutrophils constituted the major portion of the cell population. The percentage
      of peritoneal cells that attached to glass was also found to be markedly reduced
      in preparations obtained from mice after the injection of B. pertussis or E.
      coli. There appeared to be differences in persistence of this phenomenon, with
      preparations containing the histamine-sensitizing factor being the most active in
      affecting adherence properties. Thus these data would suggest that the action of
      B. pertussis on macrophages (or precursors) and neutrophils is not expressed in
      terms of suppression of emigration properties, as has been reported by others for
      lymphocytes, but is manifested in the alteration of glass-adherence
      characteristics. Within experimental limitations, it is believed that macrophages
      are possibly more involved in terms of altered function than are the
      polymorphonuclear cells.

PMID- 175019
TI  - Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-initiated activation of serum complement by
      polymyxin B.
AB  - Treatment of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) isolated from Salmonella
      minnesota R595 or purified lipid A with the antibiotic polymyxin B has been
      demonstrated to abrogate the ability of these molecules to activate serum
      complement. The inhibition is a function of the ratio of polymyxin B to
      lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 175020
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus-specific IgA serum antibodies as an outstanding feature of
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - Stimulated by a report on elevated IgA levels in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),
      we tested a total of 372 sera from patients with NPC, other carcinomas of head
      and neck or elsewhere, Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), infectious mononucleosis (IM) or
      healthy controls. The sera were titrated in indirect immunofluorescence tests for
      IgA antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA) and to the
      diffuse (D) or restricted (R) components of the EBV-induced early antigen (EA)
      complex. The results proved NPC to be outstanding in that prior to therapy 93% of
      the patients tested revealed IgA antibodies to VCA and 73% to D, often at high
      titers which occasionally matched the corresponding IgG antibody levels. The EBV
      specific IgA titers increased from stages I or II to stages III or IV; i.e. with
      the total tumor burden. Conversely, many of the NPC patients examined 2-6 years
      after initial therapy had only low levels of EBV-specific IgA or none at all, and
      the majority of those with high titers were known to have residual or recurrent
      disease. In contrast to untreated NPC patients, less than 5% of 73 patients with
      other carcinomas or of 76 healthy donors revealed VCA-specific IgA and even fewer
      EA-specific IgA; only 28% and 4% of 54 BL patients tested at admission had IgA
      antibodies to VCA and R, respectively, and 38% and 3% of 37 IM patients showed
      transient VCA- or D-specific IgA responses, all at generally low titers. While
      sera from untreated NPC patients often contained IgA antibodies also to herpes
      simplex type 1 virus, their incidence and range of low titers were similar to
      those obtained with sera from patients with other carcinomas or from healthy
      donors. It thus appears that the elevated IgA levels in NPC might be due to EBV
      specific antibodies. Possible reasons for this unique response in NPC have been
      discussed.

PMID- 175021
TI  - Inhibition of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to chemically induced rat tumours by
      soluble tumour and embryo cell extracts.
AB  - When lymph-node and spleen cells from rats bearing or immunized against aminoazo
      dye-induced rat hepatomas or 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcomas were
      pretreated with 3 M KCl extracts of these tumors, their cytotoxicity for cultured
      cells from the corresponding tumour was specificially inhibited. In cross-test
      combinations of target tumour and tumour-bearer effector-cell donor, tumour
      extracts only inhibited cytotoxic responses when they were derived from the
      tumour homologous to the target-cell and not when the extract was from the tumour
      borne by the effector-cell donor. One component of the tumour-bearer cytotoxic
      response was shown to be directed against tumour-associated embryonic antigens
      since soluble extracts of embryos or tumour extracts containing embryonic
      antigens inhibited tumour-bearer cell-mediated cytotoxicity in both specific and
      cross-test combinations of target tumour and effector cells. These findings are
      discussed in relation to tumour antigen expression and the immune responses that
      these tumour-associated antigens may evoke in tumour-bearing rats.

PMID- 175023
TI  - Comparative studies of Epstein-Barr virus strains from Ghana and the United
      States.
AB  - A high incidence of oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been
      observed in African children with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) (48%) and matched
      controls (45%). This compares with an incidence of 77% in American patients with
      infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 13% in age-matched controls. Cross
      neutralization tests between EBV strains derived from BL and IM patients and
      their sera failed to detect differences in the major neutralizing antigenic
      components. Cord-blood lymphocytes transformed by American EBV expressed only
      early viral functions (EBV nuclear and soluble complement-fixing antigens) and
      produced no detectable transforming activity. By contrast, cord-blood lymphocytes
      transformed by African EBV strains contained 0.2-0.3% of cells with EBV capsid
      and early antigen and produced EBV with transforming activity. These cells
      contained twice as many copies of EBV homologous DNA as the cells transformed by
      American EBV strains.

PMID- 175022
TI  - A continuous tumor-cell line from a human lung carcinoma with properties of type
      II alveolar epithelial cells.
AB  - The A549 tumor-cell line, initiated from a human alveolar cell carcinoma, has
      been continuously propagated in vitro for more than 3 years (more than 1,000 cell
      generations). These cells have a human karyotype and appear to have been derived
      from a single parent cell. All A549 cells examined by electron microscopy at both
      early and late passage levels contain multilamellar cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
      typical of those found in type II alveolar epithelial cells of the lung. At early
      and late passage levels, the cells synthesize lecithin with a high percentage of
      disaturated fatty acids utilizing the cytidine diphosphocholine pathway; such a
      pattern of phospholipid synthesis is expected for cells believed to be
      responsible for pulmonary surfactant synthesis. The A549 cell line should permit
      in vitro analysis of human surfactant synthesis and secretion and possibly
      provide a source of human surfactant for therapeutic intervention in pulmonary
      disease states characterized by surfactant deficiency.

PMID- 175024
TI  - Humoral immune responses of cats to mammalian type-C virus p30s.
AB  - Natural and experimental cat sera were tested in radioimmune precipitation assays
      vs purified p30s from FeLV, RD114 and MuLV. Antibodies with specificity for FeLV
      p30 comparable to hyperimmune sera from heterologous species but of low titer
      were found in a high percentage of normal cats from households with a high
      incidence of FeLV and neoplasia. Sera from cats with neoplasms were generally
      negative. Cats immunized with FeLV gave low-level immune response, also of the
      same general specificity as heterologous hyperimmune sera. Cat sera do not
      normally show antibody to RD114 p30 although two immunized weanling cats produced
      low titered but highly specific p30 antibody. Thus, for both classes of feline
      type-C virus p30s, there is an evident capability of the cat to mount an immune
      response to natural or experimental exposure to the respective proteins. The
      magnitude of the response is between 100 and 1,000 fold below that seen in
      heterologous species. In contrast, cats immunized with MuLV p30 gave immune
      responses comparable to those seen in guinea-pigs, rabbits and goats. Several
      very old cats with carcinoma had antibody which preferentially precipitated MuVL
      p30. A competition assay using one such serum and labelled MuVL p30 was inhibited
      by FeVL, RD114, and MuLV p30s. This indicates that the assay is "interspecies" in
      nature. Among the possible explanations of this reaction category is that it
      represents antibody to the p30 of an as yet undefined class of feline type-C
      virus.

PMID- 175025
TI  - Immunity to antigens associated with a cell line derived from nasopharyngeal
      cancer (NPC) in non-Chinese NPC patients.
AB  - Delayed hypersensibility to antigens derived from four lymphoid cell lines was
      measured in 27 non-Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and 63 non
      NPC cancer patients. Of the NPC patients, 17/27 (63%) had a positive skin test
      response to antigens derived from HKLY-28, a lymphoid cell line which was
      developed from an NPC biopsy. Only 10/51 (20%) and 1/13 (8%) patients with solid
      tumors and hematopoietic malignancies, respectively, had positive skin test
      responses to HKLY-28. Positive skin tests were found less frequently when
      extracts from cell lines derived from normal individuals or lymphoma patients
      were utilized, although NPC patients were more reactive to two of the non-NPC
      derived cell lines than the controls. The NPC patients in this study also had
      significantly elevated antibody titers to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), capsid
      antigen (VCA) and early antigen (EA). Titers were highest in the patients with
      more anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The skin test and serologic data are
      consistent with studies in Chinese patients, indicating that NPC in non-Chinese
      and Chinese patients is biologically similar.

PMID- 175026
TI  - Establishment of EBNA-expressing cell lines by infection of Epstein-Barr virus
      (EBV)-genome-negative human lymphoma cells with different EBV strains.
AB  - Cells of two EBNA (Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen)-negative human lymphoma
      cell lines, BJAB and RAMOS, were infected with two strains of Epstein-Barr virus
      (EBV). In two different experiments, B95-8 virus-infected BJAB cells revealed a
      gradually increasing number of EBNA-positive cells. Twenty weeks after infection
      almost 100% of the cell population expressed this antigen. In contrast, it has
      not so far been possible to convert RAMOS cells into an EBNA-positive cell line.
      The initial proportion of 35% EBNA-positive cells declined to about 10% 20 weeks
      after infection. The development of EBNA-positive multinuclear giant cells was a
      characteristic feature of infection with B95-8 virus. EA (early antigen) and VCA
      (virus capsid antigen) appeared in less than 0.1% of the cell population after
      induction with IUdR only. Infection of BJAB and RAMOS cells with P3HR-1 virus
      finally resulted in both cases in EBNA-positive lines. In contrast to B95-8
      virus, the number of EBNA-positive lines. In contrast to B95-8 virus, the number
      of EBNA-positive cells remained below 1% during the first 6 to 8 weeks. A sudden
      increase occurred thereafter, bringing the number of EBNA-expressing cells to
      almost 100% within the following 4 weeks. During this period, BJAB but not RAMOS
      cells revealed a small number of EA- as well as VCA-positive cells (less than
      0.1%). Thus, reinfection by spontaneously released virus may explain the sudden
      increase in EBNA-positive BJAB cells. Two distinct patterns of EBNA staining in
      P3HR-1 virus-infected cells were observed. They may suggest a genetic
      heterogeneity of this virus preparation.

PMID- 175027
TI  - Attempts to demonstrate virus-specific sequences in human tumors. IV. EB viral
      DNA in European Burkitt lymphoma and immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with excessive
      plasmacytosis.
AB  - Various biopsies from different European malignant lymphomas, two biopsies from
      nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and material from non-neoplastic lymph nodes were
      assayed for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA by nucleic acid
      hybridization. Reassociation kinetics of in vitro-labelled EBV DNA were studied
      in the presence of tumor DNA. The lymphomas tested included among others
      follicular lymphomas, germinocytomas, immunoblastic lymphomas and
      lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytomas. Epstein-Barr viral DNA was demonstrated within
      the two nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies as expected. A histologically typical
      Burkitt lymphoma as well as an immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with excessive
      plasmacytosis also contained EBV-DNA. The Burkitt biopsy revealed about 15 EBV
      genome equivalents per cell. Antibodies against EBV-specific antigens were highly
      elevated in the serum of this patient. The material of the patient with
      immunoblastic lymphadenopathy contained 2-3 EBV genome equivalents per cell.

PMID- 175028
TI  - Clonal transformation of human leukocytes by Epstein-Barr virus in soft agar.
AB  - The B95-8 strain of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induced colony formation of human
      umbilical cord-blood leukocytes in soft agar medium. One-hit response
      relationship between the number of colonies and the virus dose was observed with
      high dilutions of the virus preparation. However, there was a presumed cell
      killing effect with low dilutions of virus. The colonies were similarly induced,
      but with a lower efficiency, in adult peripheral blood leukocyte cultures
      infected with the virus. The colony-forming activity of EBV was neutralized by
      anti-EBV-positive but not by negative human sera. The cells in colonies were
      capable of growing continuously and carried EBV-associated nuclear antigen. Thus,
      it was evident that the colony formation was caused by clonal transformation by
      EBV.

PMID- 175029
TI  - Lack of correlation between Marena tumor induction and expression of endogenous
      avian RNA tumor virus genome.
AB  - Infection with Marek's disease virus (MDV) and subsequent tumor development
      failed to induce the expression of endogenous avian RNA tumor virus genome in
      Line-15I and Line-7 chickens which lacked such expression at 1 day of age. Titers
      of avian leukosis virus (ALV) group-specific (gs) antigen detected by the COFAL
      test and expression of chick helper factor (chf) activity remained relatively
      constant in birds which expressed these genome functions at hatching time.
      Endogenous ALV belonging to the E-subgroup was isolated from two of 50 birds;
      both were controls not exposed to MDV. There was no correlation between
      expression of ALV genome (gs or chf) at 1 day of age and the rate of tumor
      development subsequent ot MDV infection. It was concluded that MDV infection can
      induce tumors without the participation of endogenous ALV genome.

PMID- 175030
TI  - Serum factor levels during the growth of rat hepatoma nodules in the lungs.
AB  - The levels of tumour-specific antigen, antibody and specific immune complexes in
      the sera of rats bearing lung nodules of a chemically induced rat hepatoma,
      produced by intravenous inoculation of viable tumour cells, have been examined
      and compared with the levels of serum factors in animals actively immunized by
      intravenous inoculation of mixed tumour cells and BCG. Animals inoculated with
      cells alone developed multiple lung nodules which slowly grew, until on day 24
      the remaining animals had to be killed due to respiratory distress. In contrast,
      the animals receiving a mixed inoculum of BCG and tumour cells developed no
      visible lung nodules and were capable of rejecting a further challenge of tumour
      cells. Tumour-specific antigen could be detected in the sera of both groups of
      rats at different times. In actively immunized animals free antigen could be
      detected from day 3 to day 10 after inoculation of cells BCG whereas in animals
      receiving cells alone, free antigen could not be detected until day 14 and
      persisted until the termination of the experiment. Free tumour-specific antibody,
      however, was found in the sera of rats actively immunized with tumour cells and
      BCG from day 10 onwards, although in the other group of animals it could not be
      detected. Conversely, immune complexes of tumour-specific antigen and antibody
      could be detected from day 10 in rats receiving cells alone and only at day 10 in
      actively immunized rats. The relevance of these findings in relation to what is
      known about serum factor levels during tumour growth and regression is discussed.

PMID- 175031
TI  - Fibroblast surface antigen (SF): the external glycoprotein lost in proteolytic
      stimulation and maligant transfromation.
AB  - It was previously shown that the fibroblast surface antigen (SF antigen, SFA) is
      composed of polypeptides of high molecular weight 210,000 (SF210) and 145,000
      (SF145) and that both of these decrease in quantity after transformation of the
      fibroblasts by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). The present experiments show that SF210
      is a glycoprotein. It is accessible to surface labelling by lactoperoxidase
      catalyzed iodination. The SF210 molecule is highly susceptible to trypsin on cell
      surface. Anti-SFA antibodies specifically precipitated the surface labelled
      polypeptide. The lactoperoxidase iodinated SF210 polypeptide was greatly reduced
      in cells transformed by RSV. It is concluded from these studies that the large
      external transformation sensitive (LETS) protein detected by other workers is the
      same molecule as SF210. Part of the label of surface iodinated fibroblasts did
      not enter the polyacrylamide gels. This high molecular weight material is also
      susceptible to trypsin treatment and decreases in quantity after transformation
      by RSV. The data suggest that it may be antigenically related to SF protein.
      Treatment of surface of 35S-methionine-labelled cultures with trypsin in
      concentrations able to initiate proliferation of density-inhibited cells rapidly
      released SF210 from fibroblast surface. A single high molecular weight
      polypeptide (mol. wt about 200,000, SF200) was detected in the culture medium.
      SF210 may thus be a major target molecule of trypsin action. Treatment of
      cultures with insulin that also stimulated the fibroblasts to initiate
      proliferation did not result in any detectable alteration in the external
      glycoprotein SF210. It is concluded that although release of SF210 may be a
      sufficient trigger to stimulate proliferation in stationary cells, this molecule
      appears not to be directly involved in initiation of fibroblast proliferation
      from the G1 (or G0) phase of the cell cycle.

PMID- 175032
TI  - Uptake of 14C-ascorbic acid by the adrenal and pituitary glands and effect of
      ACTH or dexamethasone administration.

PMID- 175033
TI  - Effect of age on activities of urea cycle enzymes in the bovine.
AB  - Eighteen Hereford cows averaging 429.6 +/- 14.5 kg in weight, ranging from 3.33
      to 12.12 years of age and consuming 18.2 kg corn silage/animal/day were used to
      observe the effect of age on activities of the liver enzymes of urea synthesis.
      Liver samples were taken by aspiration biopsy and homogenized in water for enzyme
      assay. Plasma urea-nitrogen of all cows averaged 4.20 mg per 100 ml. The enzymes
      measured were: carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS), ornithine transcarbamylase
      (OTC), argininosuccinate synthetase (AS), argininosuccinase (AL) and arginase
      (A). Mean enzyme activities of the cows were: CPS 1.57, OTC 44.4, AS 0.61, AL
      1.05 and A 203.9 mum product/mg protein/hr. Regression coefficients (b) of enzyme
      activity (units) on age (years) were 0.021 +/- .018, 0.713 +/- .379, 0.016 +/-
      .016, 0.032 +/- .014 and 6.73 +/- 5.09 units for the five enzymes, respectively.
      Age (3.3 to 12.1 years) did not significantly (P less than .05) affect activities
      of the urea cycle enzymes (per mg protein, per g liver or per W-75 kg/hr) or
      plasma urea-nitrogen levels in the adult Hereford female at the level of dietary
      protein fed in this study.

PMID- 175034
TI  - [The angioleiomyoma of the skin].
AB  - Twelve cases of angioleiomyoma are reported. These are benign, often painful
      tumors occurring chiefly on the lower extremities of middle-aged women. Clinical
      diagnosis is usually possible, and any remaining doubt can easily be resolved by
      histological examinations.

PMID- 175035
TI  - [The photodynamic effect in Herpes simplex: a review].
AB  - Photodynamic action is an extraordinarily potent physicochemical process which is
      dramatically lethal for herpesvirus and other organisms in vitro. Recent studies
      in animal models and man indicate that the process is effective against in vivo
      skin infections as well. Although a great deal is yet to be learned about the
      application of photodynamic action to clinical disease, current experience
      indicates that photodynamic action will find a permanent place in the physician's
      therapeutic armamentarium.

PMID- 175036
TI  - [Diagnostic errors and their reasons in tumors and preblastomatoses of the skin.
      Results of a statistical evaluation].
AB  - Clinical and histological findings and other available data of 6 521 skin
      excisates were compared with regard to differential diagnosis. It appears from
      our findings, that "naive" experience must be replaced by secured knowledge
      concerning frequencies of wrong diagnoses in definite situations, possible causes
      of errors, age-, sex-, and local distribution of different skin tumours. This
      knowledge may be a contribution to the improvement of clinical diagnoses.

PMID- 175037
TI  - [Abnormalities caused by viruses].

PMID- 175039
TI  - In vitro induction of tyrosinase activity in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)
      integument by ACTH and dibutyryl-cAMP.
AB  - Tyrosinase was first detected in melanoblasts by the DOPA-oxidase reaction in the
      presence of catalase in explants of goldfish integument after 12 hr culture with
      either ACTH (1IU/ml) or DB-cAMP (0.1mM). Melanin did not appear in the new
      melanocytes until 24 hr. The data indicate that the release of cAMP within the
      melanoblast in response to ACTH treatment is rapid and the tyrosinase in the
      melanoblast is released from inhibition and/or activated at least 12 hr prior to
      melanization of premelanosomes.

PMID- 175038
TI  - Morphometric and enzyme histochemical behaviour of the kidney of young rats
      before and after unilateral nephrectomy.
AB  - Four week old male Wistar rats were unilaterally nephrectomized, and one, two,
      four, fourteen, and twenty-eight days after the operation the remaining kidneys
      were removed for morphological examination--including measurement of diameters of
      the tubules--and for histochemical investigation of enzymatic activities in the
      nephrons. The following enzymes were examined: succinate DH, lactate DH, alpha
      glycerophosphate DH, isocitrate DH, glucose-6-phosphate DH, cytochrome oxidase,
      adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline and acid phosphatases. In comparison with
      kidneys of control animals of the same age and sex, the hypertrophy of the
      remaining kidney was found to be, even in these young rats, entirely due to
      enlargement of preexisting nephrons. The measurements have indicated that the
      hypertrophy was most distinct between the second and fourth day after
      uninephrectomy. Four weeks after the operation the diameters of proximal and
      distal tubules were about 21% and 18% respectively bigger in the
      uninephrectomized animals than in the corresponding controls. This increase in
      size was accompanied by some changes in intensity of enzymatic staining
      reactions; after an initial diminishment, a graduate increase in activity of
      almost all the observed tubular enzymes was found; this seems to be the
      expression of the functional compensation by the remaining kidney.

PMID- 175041
TI  - Weak calf syndrome: a continuing enigma.

PMID- 175042
TI  - Prevalence of antibodies to porcine enteroviruses and porcine parvovirus in body
      fluids of fetal pigs from small vs large litters.

PMID- 175040
TI  - The ultrastructural localisation of cadmium.
AB  - A modified technique for the ultrastructural localisation of heavy metals is
      described in this paper. The method involves precipitation of heavy metals as
      sulphides in the tissue by using (NH4)2 S after brief fixation in glutaraldehyde.
      The sulphides are, in the presence of a physical developer, then used to catalyse
      the reduction of silver ions into visible molecular silver. This latter step of
      physical development has been normally carried out after embedding and
      sectioning. However, when we followed this method we found that the dark metal
      sulphide was lost from the tissue during the embedding in epoxy resin. Hence the
      method was unsuitable for our proposed experiment on the ultrastructural
      localisation of cadmium. We subsequently modified the technique primarily by
      treating very thin tissue slices with the developer before dehydration and
      embedding, thus eliminating any problem from sulphide loss. This modified
      technique was used to investigate the ultrastructural localisation of cadmium in
      the kidneys of mice which had been exposed to 50 ppm cadmium in their drinking
      water for up to eight months. The molecular silver was found to be located mainly
      in the proximal tubule cells, either as dense clumps in apical vesicles and
      lysosomes or diffuse grains throughout the cytoplasm of the cells particularly in
      the basal region. We interpret these results as indicating that cadmium is found
      in the apical vesicles, lysosomes and cytoplasm of proximal tubule cells.

PMID- 175043
TI  - Pulmonary shunt: a comparison between oxygen and inert gas infusion methods.
AB  - Pulmonary shunt measurement was compared using the standard oxygen (Berggren)
      technique and a new multiple inert gas infusion (Wagner et al.) technique in 11
      mongrel dogs with either regional atelectasis or diffuse pulmonary edema.
      Relative retentions of sulfur hexafluoride, ethane, cyclopropane, halothane,
      diethyl ether, and acetone were used to calculate intrapulmonary shunt. Relative
      dilution of oxygen (Berggren method) was used to calculate total right to left
      shunt. The two methods gave similar results in the range of 20-80%. At low shunts
      the oxygen method measured higher values. This is because of the greater relative
      importance of fixed extrapulmonary shunts at this level and, as well, error in
      the measurement of PO2. Both techniques are suitable for normal clinical use.

PMID- 175044
TI  - Resolution of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - Aflatoxins were completely resolved as sharp peaks in the order BU-B2-G1-G2 by
      high-pressure liquid chromatography on a small particle (10 mum) porous silica
      gel column in 7-13 min (B1 through G2) by a water-saturated chloroform
      cyclohexane-acetonitrile elution solvent (25+7.5+1.0), with detection by
      ultraviolet absorbance at 360 nm. The relationship between peak height and amount
      injected was linear over a 5-400 ng range for each aflatoxin. Both retention
      times and peak heights were highly reproducible, multiple injections of mixed
      standards giving coefficients of variation of 1.0-1.4% (retention time) and 1.6
      2.8% (peak height) for the 4 aflatoxins. Detection was highly sensitive, with
      mean peak height, mm/ng, of 7.1 (B1), 6.4 (B2), 4.5 (G1), and 4.1(G2), allowing
      detection of 1-2 ng of each aflatoxin.

PMID- 175045
TI  - Alpha reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent reductase reactions of
      rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The kinetics of alpha-NADH-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) and alpha-NADH
      cytochrome c reductase reactions of rat liver microsomes showed that the reactio
      ns proceeded by a ping-pong mechanism, and that the oxidation of alpha-NADH was
      the rate-determining reaction. The DCPIP-reducing activity with alpha-NADH in the
      presence of ADP was about 1% of that with beta-NADH. ADP inhibited the alpha-NADH
      DCPIP reductase reaction in a competitive manner with respect to alpha-NADH and a
      value of 1.2 mM  for the inhibition constant was obtained. ADP also inhibited
      cytochrome b5 reduction with alpha-NADH. More than 90% of cytochrome b5 was
      reduced under conditions where 90% of the alpha-NADH-DCPIP reductase activity was
      suppressed with ADP. The reduction of DCPIP with alpha-NADH preceded that of
      cytochrome b5, but the reductions partly overlapped. From these results, a
      diversed electron flow from alpha-NADH to cytochrome b5 and electron sharing
      between cytochrome b5 and DCPIP were indicated. alpha-NAD+ also inhibited the
      alpha-NADH-DCPIP reductase reaction. Analyses of the inhibition indicated that
      two types of alpha-NADH-DCPIP reductase reaction existed, one of which was
      resistant to alpha-NAD+ inhibition. In contrast to the reoxidation of beta-NADH
      reduced cytochrome b5, the process was largely monophasic when cytochrome b5 was
      reduced with alpha-NADH.

PMID- 175046
TI  - Correlation between adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monosphosphate levels, adenylate
      cyclase activity, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase
      activity in tissue culture cells stimulated by serum.
AB  - Changes in the activity of adenylate cyclase [EC 4.6.1.1] of serum-stimulated
      hamster BHK cells in culture were investigated in relation to changes in the
      intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP).
      Addition of calf serum to quiescent cultures decreases the activity of adenylate
      cyclase, followed by cellular DNA synthesis. Cyclic AMP levels drop in parallel
      with the decrease in adenylate cyclase activity. Kinetic analysis of cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase [EC 3.1.4.17] revealed that BHK cells contain two forms of the
      enzyme, one with a Km of 0.77 muM and the other with Km of 17.0 muM. The activity
      of these enzymes is not affected by the addition of serum to tissue culture
      cells. The findings indicate that the decrease in adenylate cyclase activity is
      directly responsible for the decrease in cyclic AMP levels that is observed
      immediately after serum addition. Low levels of cyclic AMP continue for several
      hours during serum treatment, followed by a transient increase in cyclic AMP in
      the early stages of cellular DNA synthesis, at which time the activity of cyclic
      AMP phosphodiesterase with a low Km shows a slight decrease.

PMID- 175047
TI  - The distribution of pyrophosphatidic acid in nature.
AB  - The occurrence of a novel phospholipid, pyrophosphatidic acid, in the lipid
      extracts of yeasts (23 species), bacteria (E. coli), algae (chlorella), mammalia
      (human, rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse), insect (cockroach), fish (carp), mollusc
      (clam), and spermatophyta (spinach) was investigated. Pyrophosphatidic acid was
      found exclusively in the lipid extracts of several kinds of yeast species, but
      not in other normal living species (animals, plants, and microorganisms) so far
      investigated. All of the yeast species containing this lipid belong to the
      asporogenous yeasts (Cryptococcus neoformans CBS-132, Cryptococcus laurentii Z 6
      5, Rhodotorula glutinis H 3-9-1, Rhodotorula rubra AY-2, Kloeckera apiculata KK
      3, and Trichosporon cutaneum KC 4-3),  and ballistosporogenous yeast
      (Sporobolomyces salmonicolor WF 174). In contrast, no detectable amount of
      pyrophosphatidic acid was found in the cellular lipids of ascosporogenous yeasts.

PMID- 175048
TI  - Organization of lipids in sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and Ca2+-dependent
      ATPase activity.
AB  - The organization of lipids in sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane was studied with a
      variety of stearic spin labels and a phosphatidylcholine spin label. The ESR
      spectra of the spin-labeled membranes consisted of two components, one due to
      labels in lipid bilayer structure and the other due to more immobilized labels.
      The relative intensity of the immobilized component increased when the lipid
      content of the membrane was decreased by treatment with phospholipase A [EC
      3.1.1.4] and subsequent washing with bovine serum albumin. Membrane containing
      30% of the intact phospholipid, i.e.0.15 mg of phospholipid per mg of protein,
      showed a spectrum consisting only of the immobilized component (the overall
      splitting ranged from 58.5 G to 60.5 G). The immobilized component was ascribed
      to lipids complexed with protein. The fraction of lipids in the two different
      organizations was determined from the ESR spectrum. The activity of the Ca2+-Mg2+
      dependent ATPase [ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3] was found to increase almost
      linearly with the lipid bilayer content in the membrane, whereas phosphoenzyme
      formation was almost independent of the bilayer content. This indicated that the
      bilayer structure is necessary for the ATPase to attain its full transport
      activity.

PMID- 175049
TI  - Purification and properties of the intact form of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase
      from rabbit liver microsomes.
AB  - NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase [EC 1.6.2.2] has been solubilized with Triton X-100
      and purified to homogeneity from rabbit liver microsomes. The purified enzyme is
      essentially free of the detergent and phospholipids and exists in aqueous media
      as an oligomeric aggregate of about 13 S. Its monomeric molecular weight is about
      33,000 and 1 mole of FAD is associated with 1 mole of the monomeric unit. The
      enzyme catalyzes the reductions by NADH of ferricyanide and 2,6-dichlorophenol
      indophenol at an activity ratio of 1 : 0.09. Although the intact form of
      cytochrome b5 is a poorer electron acceptor than its hydrophilic fragment for the
      purified flavoprotein, electron transfer from the reductase to the intact
      cytochrome can be markedly stimulated by detergents or phospholipids, which also
      cause profound enhancement of the NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity
      reconstituted from the reducatse and cytochrome b5. Upon digestion with trypsin
      [EC 3.4.21.4], the ability of the reductase to form an active NADH-cytochrome c
      reductase system with the intact form of cytochrome b5 and Triton X-100 is
      rapidly lost. This loss of the reconstitution capability can be prevented by
      preincubation of the reductase with phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Trypsin
      digestion also results in the cleavage of the reductase molecule to a protein
      having a molecular weight of about 25,000 and a smaller fragment. The purified
      flavoprotein can bind to liver microsomes, liver mitochondria, sonicated human
      erythrocyte ghosts, and phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The reductase solubilized
      directly from liver microsomes by lysosomal digestion however, is devoid of
      membrane-binding capacity. It is concluded that the intact form of NADH
      cytochrome b5 reductase is an amphipathic protein and its hydrophobic moiety,
      which is removable by lysosomal digestion, is responsible for the tight binding
      of the reductase to microsomes and for its normal functioning in the membrane.

PMID- 175050
TI  - Biochemical studies on sulfate-reducing bacteria. XIV. Enzyme levels of
      adenylylsulfate reductase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, sulfite reductase,
      hydrogenase, and adenosine triphosphatase in cells grown on sulfate, sulfite, and
      thiosulfate.
AB  - Sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, strain Miyazaki, were grown on
      either sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfate as the terminal electron acceptor. Better
      growth was observed on sulfite and less growth on thiosulfate than on sulfate.
      Enzyme levels of adenylylsulfate (APS) reductase [EC 1.8.99.2], reductant
      activated inorganic pyrophosphatase [EC 3.6.1.1], sulfite reductase [EC 1.8.99.1]
      (desulfoviridin), hydrogenase [EC 1.12.2.1], and Mg2+-activated ATPase [EC
      3.6.1.3] were compared in crude extracts of these cells at various stages of
      growth. 1) The specific activity of APS reductase in sulfite-grown cells was only
      one-fourth that in sulfate-grown cells throughout growth. Thiosulfate-grown cells
      had an activity intermediate between those of sulfate- and sulfite-grown cells.
      2) Cells grown on sulfite had lower specific activity of reductant-activated
      inorganic pyrophosphatase than cells grown on sulfate or thiosulfate. 3) The
      specific activity of sulfite reductase (desulfoviridin) was highest in sulfite
      grown cells. The sulfite medium gave the enzyme in high yield as well as with
      high specific activity. 4) The specific activities of hydrogenase and Mg2+-ATPase
      were not significantly altered by electron acceptors in the growth medium.

PMID- 175051
TI  - Effect of glucose and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on the synthesis of
      succinate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Repressed respiration of Escherichia coli cells grown in the presence of 2%
      glucose was derepressed when the cells were incubated in a buffer containing
      casamino acids. The glucose-repressed cells were deficient in succinate
      dehydrogenase [EC 1.3.99.1] and isocitrate lyase [EC 4.1.3.1] activities, which
      increased during the incubation. The increases in respiratory activity and enzyme
      activity on incubation were repressed by glucose, but except for isocitrate lyase
      these repressions could be restored by the addition of cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate. Inhibitors of protein synthesis blocked the increase of enzyme
      activity on incubation without glucose, or with glucose and the cyclic
      nucleotide.

PMID- 175052
TI  - The isolation and characterization of glycopeptides and mucopolysaccharides from
      plasma membranes of an ascites hepatoma, AH 130.
AB  - Plasma membranes were isolated from an ascites hepatoma, AH 130, by the
      fluorescein mercuric acetate (FMA) method. Glycopeptides and mucopolysaccharides
      were prepared by digesting the membranes with pronase, then by fractionating the
      digest chromatographically and electrophoretically. Isolated fractions were
      analyzed for their amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. Results were
      compared with those for corresponding fractions from AH 66 (J. Biochem. 76, 319
      333 (1974)). Mucopolysaccharides and a series of glycopeptides were isolated from
      the fraction excluded from Sephadex G-50. The mucopolysaccharides were identified
      as a family of heparan sulfates with different electrophoretic mobilities. The
      glycopeptides contained serine, threonine, galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine,
      and sialic acid as the major constituents as aspartic acid and mannose as minor
      ones. This suggests that most of the carbohydrate moieties are linked to serine
      or threonine (O-glycosidic), and that some are linked to asparagine (N
      glycosidic). No nearly purely O-glycosidic glycopeptides were found in this
      fraction from AH 130, through they were the major glycopeptides from the AH 66
      plasma membranes. In the fraction included in the gel, glycopeptides containing
      fucose, galactose, mannose, glucosamine, glaactosamine, and sialic acid were
      found. The presence of galactosamine suggests that some of the glycopeptides are
      O-glycosidic though most are N-glycosidic. In the corresponding fraction from AH
      66, nearly purely N-glycosidic glycopeptides were found.

PMID- 175053
TI  - Action of bacterial collagenase on Ascaris cuticle collagen.
AB  - The collagen from the cuticle of Ascaris lumbricoides was digested by Clostridium
      histolyticum collagenase [EC 3.4.24.3] in the presence and absence of CaCl2.
      About 1.2 mumoles of amino groups per mg collagen was liberated when the
      digestion was performed in the presence of 5 mM CaCl2, whereas about 0.5 mumole
      of amino groups per mg collagen was liberated by digestion in the absence of
      CaCl2. In contrast, CaCl2 influenced the extent of hydrolysis of rat tail tendon
      collagen only slightly. The results suggest that CaCl2 is necessary for the
      hydrolysis of certain regions in the molecule of Ascaris collagen and that such
      structures may not be present in mammalian collagens.

PMID- 175054
TI  - Studies on a thermophilic RNA polymerase which is active only on poly d(A-T) and
      poly dAdT.
AB  - Two types of RNA polymerases [EC 2.7.7.6], polymerases A and B, exist in
      thermophilic bacteria, Thermus thermophilus HB8. Polymerase B is apparently like
      the core enzyme of polymerase A but is active only when an alternating copolymer
      of deoxyadenylic and deoxythymidylic acids (poly d(A-T)) or a mixture of
      homopolymers of deoxyadenylic acid and deoxythymidylic acid (poly dAdT) is used
      as a template. Polymerase B was further characterized to elucidate its relation
      to polymerase A and to determine why it is inactive on natural DNA's. 1.
      Polymerase B did not show pyrophosphate exchange activity. Dinucleoside
      monophosphates did not activate the RNA-synthesizing activity. The results
      suggested that polymerase B had no initiation and presumably no elongation
      activities. 2. Polymerase B had about 6 times greater affinity to DNA than
      polymerase A. The binding of polymerase B to DNA was, however, reversible. The
      complex of DNA with polymerase A was stable and the polymerase was not removed
      from the initial complex even when a large amount of DNA was added. 3. E. coli
      sigma subunit could not stimulate the activity of polymerase B toward DNA's. 4.
      Polymerase B could utilize poly d(A-T) and poly dAdT as templates, but could not
      use Bacillus cereus DNA though the structure is reported to be similar to that of
      poly d(A-T).

PMID- 175055
TI  - Effect of alcohols on polypeptide chain elongation and aminoacyl-tRNA formation.
AB  - The effect of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) on polypeptide chain
      elongation was studied. In the E. coli and rat liver cell-free systems, the
      optimal concentration of Mg2+ decreased with increase of ethanol concentration,
      although the maximum polyphenylalanine synthesis decreased. Methanol had almost
      the same effect as ethanol. Propanol decreased the optimal magnesium
      concentration, but polyphenylalanine synthetic activity was markedly decreased.
      The shift of optimal Mg2+ concentration by ethanol was also observed in
      polylysine and polysome-dependent polypeptide syntheses. Even in the presence of
      spermidine, ethanol caused the shift of optimal Mg2+ concentration. Ribosome
      bound Mg2+ was decreased by the addition of ethanol. A study of the effect of
      alcohols on aminoacyl-tRNA formation with ten amino acids in the absence of added
      Mg2+ showed that the formation of arginyl-, leucyl-, and valyl-tRNA was
      stimulated by the alcohols. Valyl-tRNA formation in the presence of alcohols was
      completely inhibited by EDTA, while that in the presence of Mg2+ was inhibited
      slightly by EDTA. No PP1-ATP exchange was observed when alcohol was used as the
      only stimulant of valyl-tRNA formation.

PMID- 175056
TI  - Total synthesis of the structural gene for the precursor of a tyrosine suppressor
      transfer RNA from Escherichia coli. 3. Synthesis of deoxyribopolynucleotide
      segments corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 27-51.
AB  - Chemical syntheses of the four deoxyribodecanucleotides, d(T-C-G-A-A-G-T-C-G-A),
      d(C-G-T-C-A-T-C-G-A-C), d(T-G-A-C-G-G-C-A-G-A), and d(C-T-A-A-A-T-C-T-G-C) are
      described. These polynucleotides form, respectively, segments 7 to 10 in the plan
      adopted for the total synthesis of the DNA corresponding to the precursor for the
      Escherichia coli tyrosine tRNA. The syntheses used the principles of stepwise
      addition of protected mono- and oligonucleotides to the 3'-hydroxyl end of
      growing oligonucleotide chains. Detailed schemes used in the present syntheses
      are shown in Diagrams 1 to 4 in the text. The final products were subjected to
      extensive chromatography and were characterized as pure by chemical and enzymatic
      procedures.

PMID- 175057
TI  - Total synthesis of the structural gene for the precursor of a tyrosine suppressor
      transfer RNA from Escherichia coli. 10. Enzymatic joining of chemically
      synthesized segments to form the DNA duplex corresponding to the nucleotide
      sequence 86-126.
AB  - The polynucleotide ligase-catalyzed joining of the eight chemically synthesized
      deoxypolynucleotides (segments 19 to 26), comprising the nucleotide sequence 86
      126 of the DNA corresponding to the Escherichia coli tyrosine tRNA precursor has
      been investigated. Joining was studied using various combinations of 3, 4, or
      larger number of segments at a time. The extent of joining was in general low (0
      to 40%) for the three-component as well as for the four-component systems.
      Joining of the five- and six- component systems was more satisfactory with yields
      from 25 to about 60%. The three duplexes [IVa] to [IVc]were prepared in single
      step reactions in yields of about 50% and were characterized. Duplex [IVd] could
      not be prepared in a single step reaction because of the failure of 5'
      phosphorylated segment 26 to join to the rest of the duplex. Using a carefully
      annealed mixture of segments 24, 25, and phosphorylated segment 26, the joining
      of the latter to segment 24 could be realized in about 25% yield, much activated
      intermediate being concurrently present.

PMID- 175059
TI  - Total synthesis of the structural gene for the precursor of a tyrosine suppressor
      transfer RNA from Escherichia coli. 12. Synthesis of a DNA duplex corresponding
      to a sequence of 23 nucleotide units adjoining the C-C-A end.
AB  - In continuing the work on the total synthesis of the gene for an Escherichia coli
      tyrosine suppressor tRNA (accompanying papers) and as a part of a study of the
      mechanism of transcription of this gene, a 23-nucleotide unit-long DNA
      corresponding to the previously determined (Loewen, P., Sekiya, T., and Khorana,
      H. G. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 217) sequence has been synthesized. The
      synthesis was carried out by dividing the total duplex into the following five
      deoxyribooligonucleotide segments, all of which were chemically synthesized: (a)
      the undecanucleotide, d(A-G-T-G-A-T-G-G-T-G-G); (b)the undecanucleotide, d(T-C-A
      C-T-T-T-C-A-A-A); (c) the undecanucleotide, d(G-G-A-C-T-T-T-T-G-A-A); (d) the
      dodecanucleotide, d(A-G-T-C-C-C-T-G-A-A-C-T); and (e) the heptanucleotide, d(A-G
      T-T-C-A-G). All the five synthetic oligonucleotides were characterized by
      chromatographic and radioactive fingerprinting methods after labeling the 5'-ends
      with a 32P-phosphate group. Synthesis of the double-stranded DNA duplex was
      completed by joining 5'-phosphorylated segments 1, 3, and 4 in the presence of
      segments 2 and 5 using T4-polynucleotide ligase. The DNA duplex was
      characterized.

PMID- 175058
TI  - Total synthesis of the structural gene for the precursor of a tyrosine suppressor
      transfer RNA from Escherichia coli. 11. Enzymatic joining to form the total DNA
      duplex.
AB  - The DNA duplex corresponding to the entire length (126 nucleotides) of the
      precursor for an Escherichia coli tyrosine tRNA has been synthesized. Duplex [I]
      (Sekiya, T., Besmer, P., Takeya, T., and Khorana, H. G.(1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251,
      634-641), corresponding to the nucleotide sequence 1-26, containing single
      stranded ends and carrying one appropriately labeled 5'-phosphate group, was
      joined to duplex [II] (Loewen, P. C., Miller, R. C., Panet, A., Sekiya, T., and
      Khorana, H. G. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 642-650) (nucleotide sequence 23-66 or
      23-60) was phosphorylated with [gamma-33P]ATP at the 5'-OH ends. Duplex [III]
      (Panet, A., Kleppe, R., Kleppe, K., and Khorana, H. G. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251,
      651-657) (nucleotide sequence 57-94 (Fig. 2)) was also phosphorylated at 5'-ends
      with [gamma-33P]ATP and was joined to duplex [IV] (Caruthers, M. H., Kleppe, R.,
      Kleppe, K., and Khorana, H. G. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 658-666) (nucleotide
      sequence 90-126) which carried a 33P-labeled phosphate group on nucleotide 90.
      The joined product, duplex [III + IV] (nucleotide sequence 57-126) was
      characterized. The latter duplex was joined to the duplex [I + II] to give the
      total duplex. The latter contains singlestranded ends (nucleotides 1 to 6 and 121
      to 126) which can either be "filled in" to produce the completely base-paired
      duplex or may be used to add the promoter and terminator regions at the
      appropriate ends.

PMID- 175060
TI  - Effects of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase on sarcoplasmic
      reticulum isolated from cardiac and slow and fast contracting skeletal muscles.
AB  - Effects of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein
      kinase were studied in sarcoplasmic reticulum prepared from cardiac and slow and
      fast (white) skeletal muscle. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase failed to
      catalyze phosphorylation of fast skeletal muscle microsomes as determined by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinase was without effect on calcium uptake by these microsomes.
      Treatment of cardiac microsomes obtained from dog, cat, rabbit, and guinea pig
      with cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and ATP resulted in phosphorylation of a
      22,000-dalton protein component in the amounts of 0.75, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.14 nmol
      of phosphorus/mg of microsomal protein, respectively. Calcium uptake by cardiac
      microsomes was stimulated 1.8- to 2.5-fold when microsomes were treated with
      cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Protein kinases partially purified from
      bovine heart and rabbit skeletal muscle were both effective in mediating these
      effects on phosphorylation and calcium transport in dog cardiac sarcoplasmic
      reticulum. Slow skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum also contains a protein
      with a molecular weight of approximately 22,000 that can be phosphorylated by
      protein kinase. Phosphorylation of this component ranged from 0.005 to 0.016 nmol
      of phosphorous/mg of microsomal protein in dog biceps femoris. A statistically
      significant increase in calcium uptake by these membranes was produced by the
      protein kinase. Increases in protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of a low
      molecular weight microsomal component and in calcium transport by sarcoplasmic
      reticulum of cardiac and slow skeletal muscle may be related to the relaxation
      promoting effects of epinephrine seen in these types of muscle. Conversely, the
      absence of a relaxation-promoting effect of epinephrine in fast skeletal muscle
      may be associated with the lack of effect of cyclic AMP and protein kinase on
      calcium transport by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of this type of muscle.

PMID- 175061
TI  - Adenine nucleotide changes at initiation of bull sperm motility.
AB  - Testicular and cauda epididymal sperm were obtained via catheters previously
      implanted in the rete testis and proximal vas deferens of bulls and were used to
      examine the relationships among sperm motility, cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cAMP) level, adenine nucleotide levels, and rates of glucose and
      oxygen consumption. Testicular, cauda epididymal, and ejaculated sperm contain
      cAMP-stimulated protein kinase, adenylate cyclase, and nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase. Treatment of the nonmotile testicular sperm with
      phosphodiesterase inhibitors resulted in a doubling of cellular cAMP
      concentration and a 25% increase in their glucose consumption. No change in
      motility, ATP level, or rate of oxygen consumption was observed. Sperm in neat
      cauda epididymal semen had flagellating tails but no progressive motility.
      Dilution of these sperm into glucose-containing buffer resulted in an increase in
      intracellular cAMP concentration and a decrease in ATP level with concomitant
      increases in ADP and AMP levels. These biochemical changes occurred within 30 s
      after dilution and apparently preceded the initiation of progressive motility by
      most cells. Since sperm in neat cauda epididymal semen became progressively
      motile when diluted with neat cauda epididymal plasma as well as accessory sex
      gland fluid or buffer, composition of the fluid surrounding the sperm is not
      responsible for the initiation of progressive motility upon dilution nor does
      cauda epididymal plasma contain an inhibitory factor. Perhaps release from
      contact immobilization provides the stimulation for the initial acquisition of
      progressive motility by cauda epididymal sperm. We conclude that during
      epididymal passage sperm develop from a cell physically unresponsive to changes
      in cAMP concentration to a form which initiates progressive motility upon changes
      in cAMP concentration.

PMID- 175062
TI  - Alanine and glutamine synthesis and release from skeletal muscle. IV. beta
      Adrenergic inhibition of amino acid release.
AB  - Alanine and glutamine formation and release were studied using the intact
      epitrochlaris preparation of rat skeletal muscle. Epinephrine reduced the release
      of alanine and glutamine in a concentration-dependent manner. Measurable
      inhibition was observed at 10(-9) M epinephrine, and maximal inhibition was
      obtained at 10(-5) M. Norepinephrine also reduced alanine and glutamine formation
      and release but the concentration required for maximal inhibition was
      approximately 100-fold greater than for epinephrine. Isoproterenol (beta
      agonist), but not phenylephrine (alpha agonist), reproduced the effects of
      epinephrine, and propranolol (beta antagonist), but not phentolamine (alpha
      antagonist), blocked the effect of the catecholamine. N6,O2'-Dibutyryl adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate reproduced the effects of epinephrine and theophylline
      potentiated the effect of submaximal concentrations of the hormone. Glucagon and
      prostaglandin E2 had no observable effect on amino acid release. Insulin did not
      modify the inhibition of alanine and glutamine release produced by epinephrine.
      Alanine and glutamine formation from added precursor amino acids was unaffected
      by epinephrine or cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. Epinephrine reduced
      alanine formation in muscles obtained from diabetic rats or animals treated with
      thyroxine or cortisone. These findings indicate that physiological levels of
      catecholamines reduce alanine and glutamine formation and release from skeletal
      muscle. This effect is mediated by a beta-adrenergic receptor and the adenylate
      cyclase system and can be accounted for by an inhibition of muscle protein
      degradation.

PMID- 175063
TI  - Turnover of the plasma membrane proteins of hepatoma tissue culture cells.
AB  - The turnover of the plasma membrane proteins of hepatoma tissue culture cells was
      examined by three different methods--loss of polypeptides labeled in situ by
      lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, loss of membrane polypeptides labeled with
      amino acid precursors, and loss from the membrane of fucose-labeled polypeptides.
      In both logarithmically growing and density-inhibited cells the proteins of the
      membrane are degraded with a half-life of about 100 hours. This is longer than
      the half-life of total cell protein, 50 to 60 hours, and longer than the doubling
      time of the cells, about 30 hours. Similar values for the rate of degradation of
      the membrane proteins were obtained by each of the three techniques. The same
      fucose-labeled polypeptides are present in the microsomal and the plasma membrane
      fractions of hepatoma tissue culture cells as analyzed by electrophoresis in
      dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels. But the fucose-labeled polypeptides were lost
      from the microsomal fraction at a faster rate than from the plasma membrane.
      Autoradiographic and double labeling techniques using 125I and 131I, or
      [3H]leucine and [14C]leucine were used to measure the relative rates of
      degradation of the proteins in the plasma membrane. All of the leucine-labeled
      polypeptides and the iodinated polypeptides had similar rates of degradation.
      These results support a model for the biogenesis of the plasma membrane in which
      the proteins are incorporated and removed in large structural units.

PMID- 175065
TI  - Studies on human serum high density lipoproteins. Self-association of
      apolipoprotein A-I in aqueous solutions.
AB  - Human serum apolipoprotein A-I (apo-A-I), the major protein component of the
      human serum high density lipoproteins, was studied in aqueous solutions of
      differing ionic strength and pH by the techniques of sedimentation equilibrium
      ultracentrifugation and frontal analysis gel chromatography. The ultracentrifugal
      studies indicate the apo-A-I is a self-associating system that is dependent upon
      protein concentration, but relatively independent of the nature of the medium.
      The apparent weight average molecular weights obtained from solutions of initial
      apo-A-I concentration between 0.2 and 0.9 mg/ml were in the range of 3.0 to 16.7
      x 10(4) (monomer molecular weight = 28,014). Of the several models of self
      associated examined, that which gave the best theoretical fit was for the monomer
      dimertetramer-octamer model. The self-association of apo-A-I in aqueous solutions
      was further documented by frontal analysis gel chromatography, which not only
      corroborated the ultracentrifugal results, but also indicated that the multiple
      species of apo-A-I in solution attain equilibrium rather rapidly. Besides having
      intrinsic importance, these results indicate that the solution properties of apo
      A-I must be established before ligand binding studies are conducted and
      interpreted.

PMID- 175064
TI  - Relationship between microsomal membrane permeability and the inhibition of
      hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase by pyridoxal phosphate.
AB  - Arion et al; (Arion, W. J., Wallin, B. K., Lange A. J., and Ballas, L. M. (1975)
      Mol. Cell. Biochem. 6, 75-83) propsed a model for glucose-6-phosphatase in which
      the substrate was transported across the microsomal membrane by a carrier before
      hydrolysis on the cisternal side. Evidence to support this model has been
      obtained by studying the inhibition of the enzyme by pyridoxal-P. Pyridoxal-P was
      a linear noncompetitive inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) in
      freshly isolated ("intact") microsomes from rat liver. Pyridoxol-P was a much
      less effective inhibitor and no inhibition was observed with pyridoxamine-P. When
      microsomes were subjected to nitrogen cavitation, treatment with solium
      deoxycholate, or glutaraldehyde fixation, the Km of glucose-6-phosphatase for
      glucose-6 P decreased from approximately 6 mM to approximately 2.5 mM; the
      corresponding change in the Vmax ranged from-10% to +40%. The same procedures
      decreased the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase by pyridoxal-P several-fold. No
      inhibition by pyridoxal-P was observed in a preparation of glucose-6-phosphatase
      purified approximately 20 fold (on the basis of Vmax) from micoromes. A
      nondialyzable inhibitor was apparently formed when intact microsomes were reacted
      with pyridoxal-P and NaBH4; this inhibition was also reversed by procedures which
      changed the kinetic properties of glucose-6-phosphatase.

PMID- 175066
TI  - Testicular protein kinases. Characterization of multiple forms and ontogeny.
AB  - Protein phosphokinase activity from the cytosol (105,000 X g soluble fraction) of
      testes from sexually mature rats has been resolved be DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography in three forms of protein kinase, cAMP-dependent protein kinases I
      and II and cAMP-independent protein kinase III. Adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      binding activity (cAMP-binding activity) was associated with protein kinases I
      and II but not with protein kinase III. Protein kinases I, II, and III exhibited
      different pH optima, cyclic nucleotide dependency, and relative substrate
      specificity. Protein kinases I and II were inhibited by a heat-stable protein
      inhibitor from rat skeletal muscle, whereas protein kinase III was not inhibited.
      According to previously established criteria (Traugh, J. A., Ashby, C.D., and
      Walsh D. A. (1974) Methods Enzymol. 38, 290-299) protein kinases I and II can be
      classified as cAMP-dependent holoenzymes consisting of regulatory and catalytic
      subunits. Protein kinase III is a cAMP-independent protein kinase.

PMID- 175067
TI  - ATP-dependent reactions catalyzed by inner membrane vesicles of rat liver
      mitochondria. Kinetics, substrate specificity, and bicarbonate sensitivity.
AB  - Three ATP-dependent reactions catalyzed by the inner membrane of rat liver
      mitochondria and the ATPase reaction catalyzed by purified mitochondrial ATPase
      (F1), were studied with respect to kinetic properties, substrates specificity,
      and sensitivity to bicarbonate. The ATP-dependent transhydrogenase reaction
      (reduction of NADP+ by NADH) catalyzed by inner membrane vesicles displays
      typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics in both Tris-Cl and Tris-bicarbonate buffers,
      with Km (ATP) values of 0.035 mM and 0.054 mM respectively. The Vmax of
      transhydrogenase activity (25 nmol min-1 mg-1) is the same in Tris-bicarbonate or
      Tris-Cl buffer. ITP and GTP readily substitute for ATP in the transhydrogenase
      reaction. The ATP-P1 exchange reaction catalyzed by inner membrane vesicles
      displays typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics in both Tris-Cl and Tris-bicarbonate
      buffers with Km (ATP) values of 1.0 mM and 1.4 mM respectively. The Vmax of
      exchange (200 nmol min-1 mg-1) is the same in either buffer. ITP and GTP do not
      effectively replace ATP in the exchange reaction.

PMID- 175068
TI  - A major polypeptide component of rat liver mitochondria: carbamyl phosphate
      synthetase.
AB  - One of the major components of rat liver mitochondria detected by gel
      electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate is a 165,000 molecular weight
      polypeptide that makes up 15 to 20% of the total mitochondrial protein. This
      component appears to be a single molecular species. Evidence is presented here
      for the identification of this protein with the polypeptide chain of a urea cycle
      enzyme, carbamoylphosphate synthetase I (EC 2.7.2.5). The 165,000 molecular
      weight polypeptide was solubilized from mitochondria with Triton X-100 and
      purified to 90% homogeneity by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. This component co
      migrated with carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity when mitochondrial proteins
      were separated by gel filtration or sucrose gradient centifugation. The
      identification of the 165,000 molecular weight polypeptide with this activity was
      also supported by the presence or absence of this protein in a variety of rat
      tissue mitochondria, in liver and kidney mitochondria from various ureotelic and
      nonureotelic species, and in fetal rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 175069
TI  - In vitro bacteriological evaluation of the effectiveness of antimicrobial
      irrigating solutions.
AB  - Nineteen strains of pathogenic aerobic bacteria were exposed for fifteen seconds
      in vitro to varying concentrations of five antibiotics and of polyvinyl povidone
      iodine in saline solution. The presence of human plasma in the solution (30 per
      cent by volume) did not affect bacterial sensitivity to the antibiotics. Most of
      the bacteria were sensitive to the solutions during that brief exposure. Bacteria
      which were more sensitive by disc sensitivity tests were more sensitive to the
      solutions. Polyvinyl povidone iodine sterilized all cultures in concentrations as
      low as 25 per cent. It is proposed that the use of appropriate antimicrobial
      solutions as wound irrigants may reduce postoperative infection rates by killing
      bacteria which contaminate the surface of the wound during operation.

PMID- 175070
TI  - Poland's syndrome.
AB  - Forty-three consecutive cases of Poland's syndrome were analyzed and the relevant
      literature was reviewed. The syndrome is not hereditary and is of unknown origin.
      It affects males more frequently than females. The clinical features are variable
      but always include congenital aplasia and syndactyly. The middle phalanges are
      hypoplastic or absent so that effectively there is only one interphalangeal
      joint. The syndactyly is usually incomplete and simple. It may involve all
      fingers and frequently includes the thumb, which then lies in the same plane as
      the fingers. Poland's syndrome may also include hypoplasia of the nipple and
      breast, hypoplasia of the upper ribs, herniation of the lung, contracture of the
      anterior axillary web, and elevated scapula. The arm and more frequently the
      forearm are hypoplastic. The right side is more often affected than the left.
      Surgical treatment by separating the syndactyly is recommended. In some cases a
      digit is removed to produce a three-fingered hand. Surgery is initiated by the
      age of one year and is completed by the time the child enters school, although
      periodic revisions may be necessary. Although the hand remains hypoplastic and
      functional capacity is limited by the inherent skeletal anomalies, surgical
      treatment improves functional capacity and cosmetic appearance in the majority of
      patients.

PMID- 175071
TI  - Peripheral neuropathies associated with total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - The clinical and electromyographic findings in fourteen patients in whom
      peripheral nerve damage developed after total hip arthroplasty were reviewed (an
      incidence of 0.7 per cent in 2,012 procedures). In addition, a prospective study
      of the clinical, electromyographic, and nerve-conduction findings before and
      after arthroplasty was performed on twenty-eight patients who had thirty total
      hip arthroplasties. In the prospective study many patients showed evidence of
      mild nerve damage, most likely due to operative trauma. Peroneal neuropathies at
      the knee did not occur in either study. Nerve damage was more frequent in women,
      but no other predisposing factor could be identified. The prognosis for most
      patients with severe nerve injuries after total hip arthroplasty is good.

PMID- 175072
TI  - The enhanced production of hyaluronic acid by cultured rat fibroblast cells
      treated with cyclic AMP and its dibutyryl derivative.
AB  - Cells of a newly established rat fibroblast line (SEN) in culture synthesize
      mucopolysaccharides, which have been identified as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-4
      sulfate and heparan sulfate. Treatment of the cells with adenosine 3':5'-cyclic
      monophosphate resulted in a marked stimulation of production of hyaluronic acid,
      but not of the other mucopolysaccharides. Treated cells also showed increased
      activity of hyaluronic acid synthetase, a reduction in growth rate, and
      morphological alteration. In addition, 5-bromodeoxyuridine was found to
      counteract greatly the cyclic AMP effect.

PMID- 175073
TI  - Critical density for relaying in Dictyostelium discoideum and its relation to
      phosphodiesterase secretion into the extracellular medium.
AB  - The critical cell density for relaying in D. discoideum, N*, has been measured as
      a function of cell density, N, and time after harvesting, t. It has logarithmic
      dependence on N for 2.5 X 10(4)/cm2 less than N less than 7.5 X 10(5)/cm2 and
      saturates for N more than 1.0 X 10(6)/cm2. N* is an increasing function of time
      after harvesting. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) secretion rate on which N* depends
      is a constant. Expressions were derived which relate N* to PDE secretion and
      diffusion. They have been fitted to the data from time delay experiments yielding
      values of the PDE diffusion constant in 2% buffered agar, Dp + (2.25 +/- 0.15) X
      10(-9) cm2/s, and the ratio of relaying threshold concentration to signal pulse
      size, C*/eta = (1.4 +/- 0.05) X 10(5) cm-3. N* has also been measured in the
      presence of various amounts of added beef heart PDE. The cAMP relaxation rates,
      I/tauo, due to beef heart PDE were calculated from the N* measurements and found
      to be proportional to amounts of added PDE for (I/tauo)max less than (10s-1).
      Finally, two kinds of inhibition have been observed in the PDE secretion. The PDE
      activity per cell is constant for N less than 8.0 X 10(4)/cm2, and decreases for
      larger N. It depends only on N for I/tau less than 10 s-1 and is strongly
      inhibited by extracellular PDE activity above this relaxation rate.

PMID- 175075
TI  - The development of the relaying competence in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The fraction, X2, of a population of D. discoideum cells competent to relay an
      aggregative signal has been measured as a function of time, t, spent in
      interphase. X2(t) is less than 0.I up to 5 h, increases slowly to 0.4 by 8 h 20
      min, and saturates at I by 10 h. The hypothesis that cellular interactions might
      enhance X2(t) was tested by mixing populations of cells set into interphase at
      different times. No interactions were found. External stimulation did not affect
      X2(t).

PMID- 175074
TI  - Similarities of the Golgi apparatus membrane and the plasma membrane in rat liver
      cells.
AB  - A Golgi apparatus-rich fraction and a plasma membrane-rich fraction were isolated
      from a common homogenate of rat liver. Their respective buovant densities,
      appearances in the electron microscope and 5'-nucleotidase and UDP-galactose
      ovalbumin galactosyltransferase activities were in accord with published data on
      separately isolated Golgi apparatus-rich and plasma membrane-rich fractions.
      Contamination by endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria was low. Gel
      electrophoresis of the membrane proteins of the Golgi apparatus-rich and plasma
      membrane-rich fractions (separately and mixed) showed a close similarity. After
      Neville's demonstration that electrophoretic patterns of membrane protein
      subunits from different subcellular fractions are easily distinguishable, the
      present work demonstrates an unusually close relationship between the Golgi
      apparatus membrane and the cell membrane. It is possible that membrane similarity
      may be mediated by the transfer of membrane-bound vesicles from the Golgi
      apparatus to the cell membrane.

PMID- 175076
TI  - Extraction method and thin-layer chromatographic system for the determination of
      alpha-l-acetylmethadol and metabolites in biological fluids.
AB  - An extraction method and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) system for the
      determination of alpha-l-acetylmethadol and its known metabolites (methadol,
      noracetylmethadol, dinoracetylmethadol, normethadol, 6-acetamide-4,4-diphenyl-3
      heptanol, and N-methyl-6-acetamido-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanol) are described. The
      parent drug and metabolites are extracted from biological fluids with ethyl
      acetate and separated by TLC using silica gel plates and a developing system of
      ethyl acetate-methanol-water-ammonia (85:10:1:1). This system may be used to
      quantitatively determine levels of radiolabeled drug and metabolites by scraping
      the TLC plates into 3-mm zonal fractions and measuring the amount of
      radioactivity by scintillation counting. A representative radiochromatogram
      obtained from an extract of monkey urine is shown.

PMID- 175077
TI  - Purification of methylated bile acids recovered from thin-layer chromatograms on
      silica gel-sintered plates.

PMID- 175078
TI  - Partition high-pressure liquid-chromatographic systems for the separation of
      digitalis glycosides of the cardenolide group.
AB  - Several multi-component liquid-systems have been investigated on silica gel SI-60
      supports of particle size 10 mum. By using two solvent systems, it was possible
      to separate 14 digitalis glycosides, ranging from genins of relatively low
      polarity to the highly polar deacetyl-lanatosides. Solvents with good ultraviolet
      transparency at 220 nm (lambdamax. for the butenolide ring) were chosen in order
      to improve the sensitivity of detection. The technique should also permit the
      determination of by-products and degradation products of these drug substances.
      Detection limits are as low as 15 ng for a 5 mul injection, and separation times
      vary between 4 and 20 min. The reproducibility of the retention times and the
      baseline separations attainable make the systems suitable for quantitative work.

PMID- 175079
TI  - Studies on digitalis. IV. A method for thin-layer chromatographic separation and
      determination of digitoxin and cardioactive metabolites in human blood and urine.
AB  - A thin-layer chromatographic method for the separation of digitoxin and its
      cardioactive metabolites in one system is described. Pre-coated silica gel plates
      impregnated with 15% formamide solution in acetone were developed twice in the
      same direction (running distance 18cm) with ethyl methyl ketone-xylene (50:50) as
      solvent. The system showed no border-zone effects, and the reproducibility was
      good. Samples (5 ml) of serum  or urine were extracted with dichloromethane, the
      extracts were evaporated, the residues were dissolved in 70% ethanol, the ethanol
      solutions were washed twice with light petroleum and then evaporated, and the
      residues were dissolved in chloroform-methanol for application to the thin-layer
      plates. After development, the metabolites were scraped from the plates and
      analyzed by means of a modified rubidium-86 method. The recovery for the whole
      procedure was 59%, and the sensitivity of the method permitted the determination
      of down to 0.5 ng per spot. The method will facilitate the study of digitoxin
      metabolism in patients undergoing treatment with the drug.

PMID- 175080
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of homopyrimidazole derivatives.
AB  - The chromatographic behaviour of 14 homopyrimidazole derivatives has been studied
      on thin layers of silica gel, aluminium oxide and ammonia-saturated silica gel.
      The relationships between structure and chromatographic behaviour, as well as the
      most suitable systems for separating the individual derivatives, are discussed on
      the basis of RF values. The delta RMg values, showing the effect on the polarity,
      are given for certain functional groups.

PMID- 175081
TI  - Fluorescence of tryptophan-containing peptides on paper or silica gel after
      treatment with formaldehyde, formaldehyde-ozone or formaldehyde-hydrochloric
      acid.
AB  - Sensitive and specific procedures for the chromatographic detection of tryptophan
      and tryptophan-containing peptides are described. Formaldehyde gas induces strong
      and characteristic fluorescence from tryptophan and peptides with NH2-terminal
      tryptophan residues on silica gel. On filter-paper, the detection of small
      amounts of these compounds requires the additional use of an oxidant, such as
      ozone. Treatment with formaldehyde-hydrochloric acid was used as a method for
      inducing fluorescence from tryptophan-containing peptides regardless of the
      position of the tryptophan residue in the peptide molecule. This reaction is
      useful for the chromatographic demonstration of small amounts of such peptides on
      both paper and silica gel. The spectral properties of the fluorophores of such
      tryptophan-containing peptides are distinctive and serve to distinguish them from
      all other known biogenic compounds that are capable of giving fluorescence with
      formaldehyde.

PMID- 175082
TI  - Reaction of fungal ceramides containing alpha-hydroxy acids with the periodate
      Schiff reagents.

PMID- 175083
TI  - Prolonged corticotropic action of synthetic human ACTH in man.
AB  - The corticotropic activities of synthetic human ACTH (revised structure),
      synthetic porcine ACTH (unrevised structure) and synthetic 1-24ACTH were compared
      in 8 normal men by measuring the magnitude and duration of the elevation of
      plasma 11-hydroxy-corticosteroids following the injection of 1 mg of the
      peptides. The duration of response was significantly longer after human ACTH than
      following porcine or 1-24ACTH, although the initial responses were identical.
      This difference was noted after both intramuscular and intravenous
      administration. The data suggest that the carboxyterminal of the ACTH peptide is
      of some importance for biological activity and that biological species
      specificity may exist.

PMID- 175084
TI  - Size heterogeneity of beta-MSH in ectopic ACTH-producing tumors: presence of beta
      LPH-like peptide.
AB  - Gel chromatographic, immunologic and biologic properties of beta-melanocyte
      stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) in tumor tissues obtained from eight patients with
      the ectopic ACTH syndrome were studied and compared to those of pituitary beta
      MSH. Size heterogeneity of immunoreactive beta-MSH was found in all the tumors
      studied as well as in normal human pituitaries. Both the tumors and pituitaries
      contained immunoreactive beta-MSH of a larger molecular size than the well
      characterized beta-MSH of small molecular size. The large molecular weight beta
      MSH also predominated in the plasma. It was found to be bioactive by an in vitro
      MSH assay, immunologically indistinguishable from human beta-MSH, and
      chromatographically very similar to beta-lipotropic hormone (beta-LPH). Tryptic 
      digestion of the large molecular weight beta-MSH under controlled conditions
      promptly produced bioactive beta-MSH of small molecular size, followed by the
      appearance of immunologically active but biologically inert fragments. These
      results suggest that the ectopic ACTH-producing tumor as well as the pituitary
      elaborate beta-LPH-like peptide which might be the predominant component of
      immunoreactive beta-MSH in man.

PMID- 175085
TI  - Corticotropic action of an intra-nasally applied synthetic ACTH derivative.
AB  - The corticotropic action of a synthetic ACTH derivative, D-Ser1 Lys17,18-1
      18ACTH, after intranasal insufflation of 1 mg of the peptide was evaluated in 14
      normal volunteers. Plasma cortisol and urinary 17-ketogenic steroids and 17
      ketosteroids rose significantly over control values in all subjects (P less than
      0.001). Plasma cortisol remained above the normal range for comparable clock
      times for 18 hr, but fell below 15 mug/100 ml after 12 hr. No evidence for
      suppression of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis was found the day after ACTH
      administration, as judged by normal plasma and urinary steroid values and normal
      diurnal variation. Intranasal administration of long-acting ACTH derivatives may
      provide a simple, painless and effective way to stimulate endogenous
      corticosteroid secretion.

PMID- 175086
TI  - The effect of ACTH administration on serum estrogens, LH, and FSH in the aged.
AB  - The effect of administration of long acting ACTH on serum levels of estrogens, LH
      and FSH was studied in aged subjects. Nine women and 5 men between 66 and 90
      years of age were examined. One milligram of long-acting synthetic ACTH was given
      in every 12 h for 2 days. Significant increases in serum estrone and estradiol
      levels were induced in parallel with serum cortisol at 24 hours and no further
      change was observed at 48 hours. The estrone/estradiol ratio increased from a
      control value of 3.0 to 4.0 at 24 hours and to 4.7 at 48 hours (P less than 0.02)
      compared to control values.

PMID- 175087
TI  - Responsiveness to glucagon in fetal hearts. Species variability and apparent
      disparities between changes in beating, adenylate cyclase activation, and cyclic
      AMP concentration.
AB  - Previous studies of the ability of the immature heart to respond to glucagon have
      yielded conflicting results. To test the possibility that the apparent
      discrepancies might be explained in part by species variability, isolated hearts
      of fetal mice and rats (13-22 days' gestational age) were studied under identical
      conditions in vitro. Changes in atrial rate and ventricular contractility were
      measured in spontaneously beating hearts exposed to glucagon, and activation of
      adenylate cyclase was assayed in cardiac homogenates. In mice of 16 days'
      gestational age or less, there was no change in heart rate in response to
      glucagon; at 17-18 days, minimal responsiveness was present; and after 19 days,
      10muM glucagon caused an increase in spontaneous atrial rate of 30 +/- 4% (SEM)
      (P less than 0.001). Measurement of the extent and speed of volume displacement
      of the isotonically contracting hearts with a specially constructed capacitance
      transducer revealed that ventricular inotropic responsiveness also appeared after
      17-19 days. Cardiac stores of glycogen were reduced in older hearts exposed to
      glucagon, but not in those aged less than 16 days. In contrast, glucagon failed
      to activate adenylate cyclase in homogenates of hearts of fetal mice at any age.
      Furthermore, glucagon failed to elicit an increase in the concentration of cyclic
      AMP in spontaneously beating hearts that developed tachycardia. Responses in
      hearts of fetal rats were distinctly different from those in mouse hearts: at no
      age was there any change in heart rate, strength of contraction, glycogen
      content, or adenylate cyclase activation. Thus, there are major species
      differences in cardiac pharmacological maturation. Although the mouse heart
      develops the ability to increase its rate and strength of contraction and to
      undergo glycogenolysis in response to glucagon well before birth, the rat heart
      does not. In addition, there is an apparent disparity in late fetal mouse hearts
      between the ability of glucagon to induce functional responses and its ability to
      stimulate adenylate cyclase and increase cyclic AMP levels. It is impossible, of
      course, to rule out absolutely the possibility that localized increases in a
      critical cyclic AMP pool were present but too small to measure in the entire
      tissue. Nevertheless, the most obvious interpretation of our results is that they
      are compatible with the hypothesis that glucagon may exert some of its
      hemodynamic effects independently from the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system in
      the late-fetal mouse heart.

PMID- 175088
TI  - Renal adenylate cyclase and the interrelationship between parathyroid hormone and
      vitamin D in the regulation of urinary phosphate and adenosine cyclic 3',5'
      monophosphate excretion.
AB  - This study examined the role of cyclic AMP in the phosphaturic response to
      parathyroid hormone in vitamin D-deficient rats. Infusion of purified bovine
      parathyroid hormone (13.3 mug/h) into control, D-fed, or  D-deficient,
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats produced a sixfold increase in renal phosphate and
      cyclic AMP excretion in D-fed rats, but only a two- to threefold increase in both
      parameters in D-deficient animals. Intravenous injection of parathyroid hormone
      over the dosage range from 1-50 mug/kg resulted in a dose-dependent increase in
      phosphate and cyclic AMP excretion with both D-fed and D-deficient
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats. However, the D-deficient rats responded to these
      injections of parathyroid hormone with a two- to threefold increase in both renal
      phosphate and cyclic AMP excretion at the highest dose of 50 mug/kg, whereas the
      D-fed animals' response was 35-fold and 11-fold over control excretion levels of
      phosphate and cyclic AMP, respectively. To directly examine the role of the renal
      cortical adenylate cyclase system in the blunted phosphaturic and urinary cyclic
      AMP responses to parathyroid hormone in D-deficient rats, we prepared a plasma
      membrane fraction enriched in this enzyme activity from the renal cortex of D-fed
      and D-deficient thyroparathyroidectomized rats. The renal cortical adenylate
      cyclase of D-deficient rats showed significantly (P less than 0.001) less
      activation by parathyroid hormone over the hormone concentration range from 0.3
      to 7.0 mug/ml than was observed with the enzyme prepared from D-fed animals.
      Basal adenylate cyclase activity and the fluoride-stimulated enzyme activity were
      not altered by the state of D-deficiency. These experiments demonstrate that the
      blunted phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone observed in D-deficient rats
      is associated with the reduced responsiveness of the renal cortical adenylate
      cyclase to the hormone. Moreover, the defect in the renal membrane adenylate
      cyclase system appears to be localized at the level of PTH binding to membrane
      receptors or, alternatively, at the level of transmission of the hormone-receptor
      binding signal to the catalytic moiety of this membrane enzyme.

PMID- 175089
TI  - The content and metabolism of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate and cyclic
      guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in adenocarcinoma of the human colon.
AB  - Data from cultured cells have suggested that cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP may be
      important determinants of cell growth and transformation. However, few studies
      have examined cyclic nucleotide content and metabolism in naturally occurring
      tumors of man. Accordingly, in the present study we compared cAMP and cGMP levels
      and metabolism in carcinomas of the human colon to those of the adjacent
      uninvolved mucosa after therapeutic resection of these tissues. The cAMP content
      of the tumors, determined in samples frozen 30 min after excision, was
      significantly lower than that of the adjacent mucosa, when expressed on the basis
      of tissue wet weight, protein, or DNA content. By contrast, the cGMP content of
      the tumors was higher than that of the surrounding mucosa if calculated on the
      basis of tissue wet weight, but this difference did not persist when correction
      was made for the higher protein or DNA content of the tumors. Incubation of
      slices of mucosa or tumor with or without theophylline in vitro increased tissue
      cAMP and cGMP content above levels observed in frozen samples of the same tissue.
      However, after such incubations cAMP levels in the tumors remained clearly below
      that of the mucosa, while cGMP content of the two tissues did not differ. The
      failure of theophylline to abolish differences in cAMP content and the comparable
      activities of high and low Km cAMP-phosphodiesterase in homogenates of the two
      tissues suggested that the lower cAMP content of the tumors was a consequence of
      diminished cAMP synthesis rather than enhanced degradation. This possibility was
      supported by the reduction in basal and maximal prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)
      responsive adenylate cyclase activity found in tumor homogenates relative to
      those of mucosa, and the lower levels of cAMP in tumor slices after incubation of
      the tissues with a maximal dose of PGE1 and theophylline. Since NaF-responsive
      adenylate cyclase activity was not significantly reduced in the tumors, the lower
      basal and PGE1 activities may not be related to a deficiency of the catalytic
      unit of the cyclase complex in this tissue. The role of reduced activity of the
      adenylate cyclase-cAMP system and/or reduced tissue cAMP-to-cGMP ratios in the
      pathogenesis of colonic carcinoma is uncertain, but these changes might favor
      unregulated cellular proliferation.

PMID- 175090
TI  - Phosphoinositide metabolism and insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreatic
      islets.
AB  - Since many cell types have been shown to respond to extracellular stimulation
      with a rapid increase in phosphatidylinositol turnover, the present studies were
      undertaken to determine whether carbohydrate-stimulated insulin secretion from
      the isolated rat pancreatic islet is accompanied by detectable alterations in the
      phosphatidylinositol metabolism of this tissue. We have demonstrated that rat
      pancreatic islets incubated with tritiated myo-inositol rapidly incorporate
      radioactivity into islet phosphatidylinositol. Incubation of prelabeled islets
      with elevated concentrations of carbohydrates which stimulate insulin secretion
      (D-glucose and D-mannose) results in a decrease in the recovery of lipid-bound
      radioactivity, whereas incubation with carbohydrates which do not stimulate
      insulin secretion (D-galactose and myo-inositol) has no effect upon the recovery
      of lipid-bound radioactivity. Within 2 min of exposure of prelabeled islets to
      elevated concentrations of D-glucose, a decrease in the recovery of [2-3H]myo
      inositol-derived radioactivity in islet phosphatidylinositol can be demonstrated.
      When islets prelabeled with [2-3H]myo-inositol are perifused with elevated
      concentrations of D-glucose or D-mannose (but not D-galactose or myoinositol) a
      rapid and transient increase in the rate of extracellular release of water
      soluble radioactivity is observed. Since a significant fraction of the
      radioactivity released under these conditions is in the form of myo-inositol
      phosphate, cyclic myo-inositol-1,2-phosphate, and glycerophosphorylmyo-inositol,
      it is presumably derived from the cleavage of labeled islet phosphatidylinositol.
      It is speculated that alterations in the metabolism of myo-inositol-containing
      phospholipids may have a functional role in the process of insulin secretion from
      the pancreatic beta cell.

PMID- 175091
TI  - Extraosseous calcification. Evidence for abnormal pyrophosphate metabolism in
      uremia.
AB  - The inorganic constituents and crystalline features of extraosseous calcium
      phosphate deposits obtained from dialyzed uremic and hypercalcemic patients were
      studied. Visceral calcification (heart, lung, and kidney) in hypercalcemic
      patients exhibited either an amorphous or apatitic X-ray diffraction pattern.
      Uremic visceral calcification consistently gave an amorphous diffraction pattern.
      Although the calcium content of uremic and hypercalcemic visceral deposits was
      similar, other inorganic constituents were different. The mean pyrophosphate was
      11 +/- 11.8 and magnesium 4.91 +/- 3.86 mg/g in the uremic group as compared to
      0.92 +/- 0.24 and 1.36 +/- 1.26 mg/g in the hypercalcemic group (P less than
      0.025). After incineration hypercalcemic visceral deposits having an amorphous
      diffraction pattern were found to generate pyrophosphate supporting the presence
      of brushite in these deposits. The small amount of pyrophosphate in apatitic
      deposits from both uremic and hypercalcemic patients actually decreased after
      incineration and the pyrophosphate content of uremic visceral deposits was
      unchanged by incineration. It is concluded that in hypercalcemic patients the
      initial visceral deposit is brushite which is subsequently transformed to
      apatite. Arterial and tumoral calcium-phosphate deposits in uremic patients were
      also apatite. Uremic visceral calcium-phosphate deposits are an unique mineral
      high in magnesium with approximately 30% of the phosphorus present as
      pyrophosphate. The high pyrophosphate content of these deposits could alter their
      crystalline structure and prevent the transformation to apatite. The infrared
      features, high magnesium content of the deposit, and resistance of pyrophosphate
      in the deposit to hydrolysis by pyrophosphatase suggests that the pyrophosphate
      may be deposited as the magnesium salt.

PMID- 175092
TI  - Bone pyrophosphate in uremia and its association with extraosseous calcification.
AB  - The mean bone pyrophosphate was 0.360 +/- 0.15 mg/g in 8 controls and 1.22 +/-
      1.39 mg/g bone in 27 uremic patients (P less than 0.0025). 13 of the 27 uremic
      patients had bone pyrophosphate levels greater than 2 SD above control values.
      The ash content of uremic bones with increased pyrophosphate levels (group II)
      was 56 +/- 9% as compared to 64 +/- 2% in control bones (P less than 0.01) and 60
      +/- 7% in uremic bones having normal pyrophosphate levels (P less than 0.1)
      (group I). The magnesium content of bones in group II was 338 +/- 47 as compared
      to 211 +/- 13 (P less than 0.0005) in the controls and 294 +/- 73 mmol/kg ash (P
      less than 0.05) in group I. In group II, but not group I, there was a significant
      inverse correlation between duration of dialysis and percent bone ash (r = -0.59)
      (P less than 0.05). A definite relationship existed between elevated bone
      pyrophosphate levels and soft tissue calcification. In group II the mean
      pulmonary calcium content was 530 +/- 459 as compared to 32 +/- 26 mmol/kg/ash in
      group I (P less than 0.0025). All patients with a bone pyrophosphate level
      greater than 1.4 mg/g bone had extensive pulmonary calcification. It is concluded
      that the excess bone pyrophosphate present in some uremic patients is either
      deposited in the apatite crystal in the transphosphorylated form or else as the
      magnesium salt since the pyrophosphate is resistant to pyrophosphatase and
      surface adsorption of pyrophosphate is not altered by the increased bone
      pyrophosphate levels. The excess bone pyrophosphate could disturb bone
      calcification mechanisms in uremic patients. The association between increased
      bone pyrophosphate and soft tissue calcification suggests that the disordered
      pyrophosphate metabolism may be important in the pathogenesis of extraosseous
      calcification.

PMID- 175093
TI  - Serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in rats with streptozotocin-induced
      diabetes.
AB  - The lipoproteins of rats fed a high sucrose diet and made diabetic by
      administration of 45 mg/kg of streptozotocin were studied. All lipoprotein
      classes were found to be present in increased concentrations. The apolipoprotein
      composition of the various lipoprotein fractions was studied by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis in the presence of 8 M urea, isoelectric focusing in the
      presence of 8 M urea, and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis in
      polyacrylamide gels. In the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) of diabetic
      rats, there was a marked alteration in the relative amounts of C proteins by
      polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and this was found by isoelectric focusing to
      be primarily a relative increase in C-III-3 apoprotein and a decrease in C-III-O.
      In addition, in the diabetic rats, the VLDL contained a protein of mol wt 46,000,
      the A-IV protein, which normally is only present in the high density
      lipoproteins. In the high density lipoproteins, (HDL) the same alterations in
      pattern of the C proteins seen in the VLDL were present. Furthermore, the
      arginine-rich and A-IV protein normally present in HDL could not be detected in
      the HDL, although the other apolipoproteins are present. Apolipoprotein
      concentrations were determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. It was
      found that in the diabetic rats there was an increase in the total amount of apo
      B in the plasma, with the increment divided proportionately between the VLDL and
      the low density lipoprotein (LDL). The total apo-C concentration of plasma
      increased minimally. The A-IV concentration of plasma increased by 27%; it
      decreased markedly in the HDL, but appeared in increased amounts in both VLDL and
      in the d greater than 1.21 fraction. The arginine-rich protein decreased by 63%
      in the plasma and decreased significantly in the HDL, but increased in VLDL, LDL,
      and in the d greater than 1.21 fraction. These alterations in apolipoprotein
      patterns in diabetic animals suggest that the apolipoproteins may play an
      important role in determining the concentration of various lipoprotein fractions,
      or may be the result of altered metabolism of the lipoproteins. These
      lipoproteins with altered apolipoprotein composition may have important biologic
      differences from normal lipoporteins. Nevertheless, the HDL, despite the fact
      that it is deficient in some of its major constituents, was unchanged in its
      cholesterol content.

PMID- 175094
TI  - Altered thyroidal responsivity to thyrotropin induced by circulating thyroid
      hormones. A "short-loop" regulatory mechanism?
AB  - We studied the effect of thyroid hormone administration on responsivity of murine
      thyroid to exogenous thyrotropin (TSH) in order to explore the possibility that
      the thyroid gland might be directly inhibited by its own hormones. In the rat
      both L-thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3) pretreatment inhibited
      TSH-induced thyroidal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in vivo in a dose
      related manner (half-maximal inhibition, 1.7 mug/rat and 0.6 mug/rat,
      respectively). Other structurally related compounds exhibited the following
      inhibitory potencies compared to T4: T3, 283%; triiodothyroacetic acid, 40%; D
      T4, 18%; 3,5-L-diiodothyronine, 9%. Monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine, and iodide
      were not inhibitory. The full inhibitory effect of T4 or T3 was observed when
      thyroid hormone was administered from 96 to 12 h before TSH and was also seen in
      hypophysectomized animals. Pretreatment with T4 or T3 in divided doses over 2 1/2
      days inhibited TSH-induced increase in [1-14C]glucose oxidation to 14C02 and [3H]
      leucine incorporation into protein in rat thyroid. In the mouse T4 or T3
      pretreatment (0.25-25 mug daily) caused dose-related inhibition of both thyroidal
      ODC activity and 131I release induced by TSH in vivo. In mice on a low-iodine
      diet (LID) but not in animals on a regular diet (RD) NaI pretreatment also
      blunted TSH-induced thyroidal ODC activation and 131I release. When LID or RD
      mice were pretreated with 12.5-125 mug of T4 or T3 over 2 1/2 days, TSH-induced
      in vitro stimulation of thyroid cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate formation
      was inhibited in a dose-related manner; NaI pretreatment was inhibitory in the
      LID mouse only. Prior administration of exogenous TSH blunted the activation of
      thyroid ODC and thyroid hormone release induced by subsequent TSH administration
      in rat and mouse. These studies indicate altered thyroid responsivity to TSH
      under the influence of circulating thyroid hormones and suggest the existence of
      a "short-loop" negative feedback regulating thyroid function.

PMID- 175095
TI  - Ultrasound of the parotid gland.
AB  - Five cases of parotid gland masses were studied by ultrasound. Only retention
      cysts and true cysts of the parotid gland appear sonolucent at low and high gain
      settings. Benign and malignant tumor present as solid masses except for the
      Warthin's tumor which is sonolucent at lower gain settings but has a lattice of
      internal echoes at higher gain settings.

PMID- 175096
TI  - False positive infectious mononucleosis serology in epilepsy.
AB  - Positive serum tests for infectious mononucleosis (IM) unaccompanied by the
      clinical syndrome or blood changes characteristic of the disease were detected in
      39/177 (22%) mentally subnormal patients investigated with three different
      commercially available IM slide tests. Slide positively was still detectable six
      months later in 27/35 (77%) positive reactors. Positive IM slide tests were
      significantly associated with anticonvulsant, primarily phenobarbitone therapy
      and with concomitant elevations of immunoglobulins IgG and IgM. Epstein Barr
      virus antibodies were not detectable in the sera of 8/38 (21%) positive slide
      reactors. The implications of these observations are discussed and attention is
      drawn to the variations in sensitivity, specificity, and comparability of
      different IM slide tests.

PMID- 175097
TI  - Multifocal malignant histiocytoma.
AB  - The pathology of malignant histiocytoma has recently been defined and its
      malignancy confirmed beyond doubt. A unique example of this tumour is described,
      a search of the literature having failed to find a previously recorded case with
      a multifocal origin.

PMID- 175098
TI  - EB virus antibody and infectious mononucleosis in a boarding school for boys.
AB  - A study of EB virus antibody was undertaken in a boarding school for boys between
      11 and 18 years of age; 35% of boys had EBV antibody when first sampled and a
      small number acquired antibody each year. Some of these boys had had no recorded
      illness during the period before the first positive sample and some developed
      classic infectious mononucleosis which was accompainied by a positive heterophil
      antibody test and detection of EB virus specific IgM. In a school of 800 boys
      there were 13 cases of infectious mononucleosis in four years.

PMID- 175099
TI  - An epidemic of diarrhoea in human neonates involving a reovirus-like agent and
      'enteropathogenic' serotypes of Escherichia coli.
AB  - During December 1974, an epidemic of diarrhoea occurred in the Royal Children's
      Hospital, Melbourne, in a ward caring for neonates with acute or chronic medical
      and surgical problems. Electron microscopy of diarrhoeal faeces revealed a
      reovirus-like particle ('duovirus' or 'rotavirus') known to cause acute enteritis
      in older children. This virus is considered to have been primarily involved in
      the aetiology of the epidemic. In addition, three 'enteropathogenic' serotypes of
      Escherichia coli were isolated from babies during the epidemic, but none produced
      enterotoxin when tested in ligated ileal loops of rabbits or in monolayers of Y1
      adrenal cells. Further epidemics of neonatal diarrhoea must be studied using
      culture and electron microscopy of faeces to determine the relative importance of
      this virus and of E. coli in the aetiology of diarrhoea in this age-group.

PMID- 175100
TI  - Urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate in young adults and elderly subjects.
AB  - The 24-hour urinary excretion of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was
      measured by a protein-binding assay in 55 healthy volunteers (aged 20-35 yr) and
      in 30 hospitalized elderly subjects (aged 70-93 yr). In the older subjects the
      mean 24-hour cAMP excretion was significantly lower; the correlation between cAMP
      excretion and age demonstrated a progressive decrease from the age of 70 to the
      tenth decade. Many different factors could account for the reduced urinary cAMP
      excretion in elderly subjects: a decline in the reactivity of the adenyl cyclase
      cAMP system related to physiological ageing; reduced physical activity; a
      reduction in the glomerular filtration rate or decreased production of cAMP by
      tubular cells in the senile kidney.

PMID- 175101
TI  - Tumor- and drug-induced cutaneous neuro-phospholipidosis.
AB  - Drugs and metastatic malignant tumors induce severe alterations in cutaneous
      axons. The most prominent ultrastructural feature of axonal dystrophy of this
      type was the presence of multiple lamellated osmiophilic bodies (LOB), similar to
      those occurring in hereditary disorders with increase of brain gangliosides and
      lipid storage. Chloroquine, ergotamine, ethaverine and chronic abuse of non
      narcotic analgesic drugs seem to be responsible for the drug-induced cutaneous
      neuro-phospholipidosis, whereas the same condition was found in two patients with
      metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

PMID- 175102
TI  - Immunological properties of bovine serum lipoproteins and chemical analysis of
      their protein moieties.
AB  - Four classes of bovine serum lipoproteins were isolated by precipitation with
      dextran sulfate, ultracentrifugation, and preparative electrophoresis on
      polyacrylamide gel. Very low density lipoprotein (d less than 1.019 g/ml) was
      related immunologically to low density lipoprotein-two (d 1.039 to 1.060 g/ml)
      and high density lipoprotein (d 1.060 to 1.210 g/ml) was related immunologically
      to low density lipoprotein-one (d 1.019 to 1.039 g/ml), but the two pairs were
      immunologically distinct. The major N-terminal amino acid of both high density
      lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein-one was aspartic acid, and that of low
      density lipoprotein-two was glutamic acid. Very low density lipoprotein had both
      aspartic acid and glutamic acid as the major N-terminal amino acids. None of the
      lipoproteins was identical with any other with respect to amino acid composition,
      but high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein-one were similar to each
      other and different from low density lipoprotein-two. Very low density
      lipoprotein was similar to both low density lipoprotein-one and low density
      lipoprotein-two. It is concluded that the proteins of high density lipoprotein
      and of low density lipoprotein-one are related and are different from that of low
      density lipoprotein-two. The protein of very low density lipoprotein is related
      to that of low density lipoprotein-two but may contain polypeptides of high
      density lipoprotein or low density lipoprotein-one.

PMID- 175103
TI  - Cellular gluconeogenesis by lactating bovine mammary tissue.
AB  - The gluconeogenic capacity of mammary tissue of lactating cow was investigated by
      incubating mammary tissue slices with alanine, glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, or
      glycerol in conjunction with acetate and glucose (10mM or 1 mM). In no case was
      any substrate incorporated into glucose per se. In lactose synthesis, glucose was
      the major source of carbon although glycerol also was incorporated into lactose.
      Alanine, glutamate, lactate, or pyruvate were not incorporated into lactose at
      optimum (10 mM) or suboptimum (1 mM) concentrations of glucose. Activity of
      glucose-6-phosphatase was negligible in mammary tissue, less than 1% of the
      activity in liver or kidney tissue from the same cows. Pyruvate carboxylase,
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase were in cow
      mammary tissue, but the activities were lower than in liver. Gluconeogenic
      substrates were not converted to glucose regardless of whether the incubation
      contained an optimum (10 mM) or a suboptimum (1 mM) glucose concentration.
      Consistent with the inability of cow mammary tissue to convert gluconeogenic
      metabolites to glucose is the virtual absence of glucose-6-phosphatase and the
      lack of excess gluconeogenic substrates available to the intact mammary gland of
      lactating cow.

PMID- 175104
TI  - Determination of physical properties of bovine serum lipoproteins by analytical
      ultracentrifugation.
AB  - Pure samples of low density lipoprotein-one (d 1.019 to 1.039 g/ml), low density
      lipoprotein-two (d 1.039 to 1.060 g/ml), and high density lipoprotein (d 1.060 to
      1.210 g/ml) were isolated from bovine serum and their properties studied in the
      analytical ultracentrifuge. Approach-to-equilibrium experiments indicated that
      the lipoprotein classes were homogeneous. Molecular weights of the lipoproteins
      given by this method (low density lipoprotein-one, 1.14 x 10(6); low density
      lipoprotein-two, 2.37 x 10(6); high density lipoprotein, .576 x 10(6)) agreed
      well with those obtained by a high-speed-equilibrium method (1.03 x 10(6), 2.15 x
      10(6), and .567 x 10(6)). Linear plots of flotation rate (corrected for
      viscosity) against the density of the medium were obtained in sedimentation
      velocity experiments and on extrapolation gave values for the hydrated density of
      1.032 g/ml for low density lipoprotein-one, 1.044 g/ml for low density
      lipoprotein-two, and 1.071 g/ml for high density lipoprotein. The density of the
      material which would have to be added to high density lipoprotein to give it the
      physical properties of low density lipoprotein one was less than 1 g/ml, which
      suggested that it was predominantly lipid.

PMID- 175105
TI  - Input-output functions of cochlear whole-nerve action potentials: interpretation
      in terms of one population of neurons.

PMID- 175106
TI  - Evaluation of pituitary-adrenal function in patients with chronic bronchial
      asthma following substitution of steroid treatment with disodium cromoglycate
      (Lomudal).
AB  - In a group of 32 steroid-dependent asthmatic patients an attempt was made to
      replace steroid treatment with disodium cromoglycate (Lomudal). Withdrawal of
      steroids was accompanied by a transitory stage of combined corticotropin-Lomudal
      treatment for 6 to 8 mo. Pituitary-adrenal function was assessed by ACTH and
      Metopirone test. Before treatment an impairment of pituitary-adrenal function was
      found in most of our patients, although in 26 patients a normal increment of
      plasma cortisol was found after ACTH stimulation. At the end of the combined
      treatment, 17 patients are now on Lomudal with normal pituitary-adrenal function,
      9 patients need small quantities of steroids occasionally, and 6 patients are
      steroid-dependent.

PMID- 175107
TI  - Synthesis of 3-deazaguanine, 3-deazaguanosine, and 3-deazaguanylic acid by a
      novel ring closure of imidazole precursors.

PMID- 175108
TI  - Chemistry of superoxide ion. I. Oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol with KO2.

PMID- 175109
TI  - Inaugural address: Climb every mountain.

PMID- 175110
TI  - The syndrome known as WPW: a review.

PMID- 175111
TI  - Magnesium deficiency in clinical medicine--a review.

PMID- 175112
TI  - Proceedings: Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox state of free nicotinamide
      adenide-adenine dinucleotide in rat striated muscle.

PMID- 175113
TI  - [Histoenzymologic modifications of placental tissue in experimental fetal
      hypotrophy in the rat].
AB  - Chronic placental vascular insufficiency in the rat was achieved by ligature of
      the uterine and utero-placental arteries. The fetal and placental hypotrophy
      observed confirmed the previous observation. However, the placental enzymatic
      changes showed an increasing gradient of cellular hypoxy from decidua basalis to
      yolk sac placenta; this gradient is unfavourable to fetuses. The strong depletion
      of yolk sac enzyme activities demonstrates the reduction of fetomaternal
      exchanges which are usually predominant in this placental area. The other parts
      of rat placenta appear relatively less involved in fetal nutrition. Further
      studies are necessary to understand the changes observed in these activity
      stainings, such as: oxidoreductases II, acid phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase.

PMID- 175114
TI  - [Light microscopic, electron microscopic and enzyme histochemical study of
      cerebral cortex of cattle, sheep and goat].

PMID- 175115
TI  - Histochemistry of neuronal degenerative changes.
AB  - Classical forms of degenerative changes of neurocytes, defined by Nissl and
      Spielmeyer as neuronal diseases were produced experimentally in rats. The
      individual neuronal changes were induced with the aid of X-ray irradiation, TET
      administration, ligation of the carotid artery followed by oxygen deficient
      breathing (anoxia), and by sectioning of the sciatic nerve. The so produced
      experimental models of neuronal diseases were the subject of morphological and
      cytochemical studies with special attention payed to enzymic and autoradiographic
      reactivity. Basing on the results of performed investigations, the author
      inferred that from a pathogenetic point of view, not all of the respective forms
      of neuronal diseases postulated by the classification of Nissl and Spielmeyer can
      be regarded as separate, distinct forms of degenerative changes. From the results
      obtained it would appear that pathogenetically distinct are only the following
      diseases: acute nerve cell swelling, shrinkage of perikaryons, homogenizing
      changes of Purkinje cells and axonal degeneration. The so called severe disease
      as well as the ischemic disease should be regarded as transitory forms of
      neuronal changes developing from shrunken neurocytes. It has also been suggested
      that the pathogenesis of homogenizing changes in Purkinje cells is distinct from
      that responsible for the development of ischemic changes in the course of
      cerebral anoxia and ischemia. This suggestion is substantiated by the observed
      differences in cytoenzymic reactivity between homogenized Purkinje cells and
      ischemically changed neurocytes.

PMID- 175116
TI  - Does Freund's adjuvant denature protein antigens? EPR studies of emulsified
      hemoglobin.
AB  - Use of complete Freund's adjuvant for production of antibodies to study protein
      conformation is valid only if emulsification in adjuvant does not denature
      protein antigens. Using electron paramagnetic resonance to observe directly the
      protein in situ in the opaque emulsions, we demonstrate that hemoglobin is not
      denatured by emulsification or storage in adjuvant for 24 hr at 4 degrees C,
      conditions comparable to the usual handling of antigens before immunization.

PMID- 175117
TI  - A microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay for hepatitis A antigen and antibody.
AB  - A microtiter solid phase radioimmunoassy for hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) and
      antibody (anti-HA) was developed. The test was more sensitive than immune
      adherence hemagglutination for detecting HA Ag and almost as sensitive for
      detecting anti-HA. The specificity and sensitivity of reagents were examined and
      optimum conditions for the test were determined. Radioimmunoassay, immune
      adherence hemagglutination, and immune electron microscopy were compared for
      detecting anti-HA. A serologic response to HA Ag was detected in paired sera from
      patients with type A hepatitis but not from patients with type B or non-A, non-B
      hepatitis by all three techniques.

PMID- 175118
TI  - Neuraminidase reversal of resistance to lysis of herpes simplex virus-infected
      cells by antibody and complement.
AB  - The susceptibility to lysis by antibody and complement was examined in four human
      cell lines. The cells were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 and lysis
      was assessed by the 51Cr release test by using antibodies to herpes simplex virus
      and guinea pig serum as a source of complement. The four cell lines were found to
      differ in their susceptibility to lysis, although virus replication was readily
      demonstrated in the different cell lines. By indirect immunofluorescence, no
      differences in the expression of virus antigens at the surface of the cells could
      be found between the different cell lines. Treatment of cells with neuraminidase
      markedly enhanced the sensitivity of the cells which were relatively insensitive
      to lysis. The enhancement of susceptibiltiy to lysis by neuraminidase occurred if
      cells were treated before reaction of the cells with antibody and if the cells
      were reacted with antibody before treatment with the enzyme. No enhancement was
      observed when cells were reacted with antibody and complement before
      neuraminidase treatment. Neuraminidase treatment did not seem to enhance
      appreciably the quantity of antibody which reacted at the cell surface. The
      observations suggest that surface properties of certain cells render the cells
      resistant to lysis by antibody and complement and that the resistance to lysis
      can be abrogated by treating the cells with neuraminidase.

PMID- 175119
TI  - Regulation of antibody response in vitro. X. Biphasic effect of cyclic AMP on the
      secondary anti-hapten antibody response to anti-immunoglobulin and enhancing
      soluble factor.
AB  - The effect of elevation of an intracellular cyclic AMP level on in vitro anti
      hapten antibody response was studied, by using mesenteric lymph node cells of
      rabbits which were primed with dinitrophenylated Ascaris antigen (DNP-Asc) or DNP
      ragweed antigen (DNP-Rag). The anti-hapten antibody response was induced by
      stimulation of the primed B cells by either DNP-heterologous carrier conjugate or
      anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) for 24 hr (first stage), followed by 6-day culture
      of the activated cells in the presence of nonspecific enhancing factor (second
      stage). The stimulation with anti-Ig induced IgG anti-hapten antibody response
      and enhanced the formation of total IgG. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP or
      aminophylline with anti-Ig or DNP-heterologous carrier during the first stage
      enhanced IgG anti-hapten antibody response. The optimal concentration of these
      reagents for the enhancement was 5 x 10(-4) M to 10(-3) M. The presence of 5 x
      10(-6) M prostaglandin E1 during the first stage also enhanced the antibody
      response. Similarly, the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP or aminophylline during
      the stimulation of DNP-Rag-primed cells with homologous antigen (first stage)
      enhanced the antibody response. If the same concentration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      or aminophylline was added together with enhancing soluble factor during the
      second stage after the stimulation of the primed cells with anti-Ig, both the
      antibody response and the formation of IgG were suppressed. The antibody response
      of DNP-Rag-primed cells stimulated with homologous antigen was also suppressed if
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP or aminophylline was added during the subsequent culture
      (second stage). Evidence was obtained that suppression of antibody response by
      cyclic AMP during the second stage is probably due to inhibition of the
      proliferation of B cells. Neither of these drugs suppressed the formation of
      enhancing soluble factor from the carrier-specific cells stimulated with the
      homologous carrier. The results obtained in the present experiments suggested
      that stimulation of hapten-primed B cells with anti-gamma chain in the presence
      of an optimal concentration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP resulted in the formation of
      a significant amount of IgG anti-DNP antibody without participation of T cells.

PMID- 175120
TI  - Cell mediated immunity to herpes simplex in man. IV. A correlation of lymphocyte
      stimulation and inhibition of leukocyte migration.
AB  - The cell mediated immune response to herpes simplex virus was assessed by a
      modification of the leukocyte migration inhibition test, developed to increase
      its sensitivity and correlated with the in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes. The
      introduction of a preincubation step allowed us to demonstrate significant
      inhibition of leukocyte migration in 15 out of 24 subjects susceptible to
      recurrent herpes labialis. This was not present in any of the 10 subjects without
      such infections. However lymphocytes from all 24 subjects demonstrated
      stimulation in response to herpes virus antigen. The degrees of lymphocyte
      stimulation and migration inhibition in the susceptible subjects were well
      correlated and do not support the suggestion that there is a focal defect in this
      aspect of the cell mediated immune response to herpes simplex virus in those
      patients.

PMID- 175121
TI  - [Physical modes and functional characteristics of cytochrome oxidase (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 175122
TI  - Turnover of xanthoma cholesterol in hyperlipoproteinemia patients.
AB  - The turnover of xanthoma cholesterol was measured in 9 hyperlipidemic and one
      normocholesterolemic patients. Sequential biopsies of the xanthomas were obtained
      13 to 364 days after the administration of isotopic cholesterol and were then
      analyzed for cholesterol specific activity. A total of 34 xanthomas of 3
      different types - 10 tendon xanthomas, 3 tuberous xanthomas, and 21 xanthelasmas 
      comprised the material for analysis. The cholesterol specific activity ratio of
      tendron xanthomas to that of the plasma varied from 11 per cent at 21 days to a
      maximum of 543 per cent at 122 days after the intravenous administration of
      isotopic cholesterol. This ratio declined to 426 per cent at 182 days and was
      still 131 per cent at 364 days. Similarly, the cholesterol specific activity of
      xanthelasmas increased gradually. In most instances, the xanthelasma cholesterol
      attained isotopic equilibration with plasma cholesterol by about 50 days but
      varied from patient to patient (minimum time, 46 days and maximum time, 91 days).
      The cholesterol content of xanthomas ranged from 10.7 to 197.0 mg per gram of dry
      weight of the tissue. Sixty-one to 87 per cent of the total xanthoma cholesterol
      was esterified. No other sterols were identified in these xanthomas. Thus, the
      cholesterol of 3 types of xanthoma readily attained isotopic equilibration with
      the plasma cholesterol which suggested total exchangeability of cholesterol
      between plasma and xanthomas. The uptake of cholesterol by the xanthomas from
      plasma was rapid considering the large mass of cholesterol in the lesions. The
      turnover of xanthoma cholesterol was intermediate between that of the rapidly
      exchangeable pool and of the slowly exchangeable pool of body cholesterol.
      Comparison of these results with those obtained in human advanced atheroma
      suggest that the turnover of xanthoma cholesterol and atheroma cholesterol are
      quite different.

PMID- 175123
TI  - A study on the reactions of tubercidin triphosphate with myosin and actomyosin.
AB  - The triphosphate ester of tubercidin (tubercidin triphosphate, TuTP) was
      synthesized. This is an analog of ATP in which a CH group replaces the N-7 of the
      adenine ring. The rate of TuTP hydrolysis by myosin in the presence of Mg2+ was
      the same as that of ATP in the 10(-7)-10(-3) M range, whereas the increment in
      the optical density  of myosin ihe 290mmu region caused by TuTP was twice that
      caused by ATP. TuTP is hydrolyzed by actomyosin faster than ATP, the value of
      Vmax being about 4 times larger while the Km values were of the same order of
      magnitude. The rate of superprecipitation induced by TuTP was 50% of that caused
      by ATP at nucleotide concentrations of 3-60 muM. A similar difference was
      observed with respect to the rate of tension development by glycerol-extracted
      rabbit psoas fibers upon addition of these two substances. Substitution of ADP by
      tubercidin diphosphate (TuDP) in F-actin did not affect the rate of
      superprecipitation or enzymic activity of actomyosin.

PMID- 175124
TI  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the mandible masquerading as periapical inflammation.

PMID- 175125
TI  - In vitro study of chorionic and ectoplacental trophoblast differentiation in the
      mouse.
AB  - Mouse chorioallantoic pre-placental structures alone or in association with the
      embryo were explanted during the 9th day of gestation (7-somite stage) and
      cultured in a static medium for 24 to 48 h. From the subsequent morphological
      study of trophoblast differentiation, using both light and electron microscopy,
      we draw the following conclusions. 1. The allantoic mesoderm cells migrate inside
      the trophoblastic population but they do not differentiate a capillary network
      and trophoblast cells phagocytose the existing foetal erythrocytes. 2. In the
      absence of allantoic mesoderm, chorionic trophoblast cells remain
      undifferentiated. 3. The development of the chorionic trophoblast is modified in
      that chorionic trophoblast cells fail to establish close junctions with
      ectoplacental trophoblast, and some chorionic cells initiate the formation of
      multinucleated syncytia. The genesis of these syncytia is discussed.

PMID- 175126
TI  - Regulation of the T-cell response to ectromelia virus infection. I. Feedback
      suppression by effector T cells.
AB  - Spleen cells and serum from mice immunized with ectromelia virus suppressed the
      immune response to infectious virus when transferred intravenously into recipient
      mice given an immunizing virus dose. The suppression was reflected in decreased
      cytotoxic T-cell activity directed against H-2 compatible virus-infected target
      cells in the spleens of recipients. Suppression was observed when immune cells or
      serum were transferred 1-2 h or 1 day after immunization of recipients, but not 2
      days after, and was maximal when 6-day immune spleen cells were used as
      suppressor cells. H-2 compatibility between donor and recipient mice was
      necessary for suppression to be expressed. Use of recombinant mice showed that I
      region compatibility was neither sufficient nor necessary, and that D-region
      compatibility was sufficient. Specificity of suppression was suggested by the
      finding that cells and serum from mice immunized with Listeria monocytogenes, a
      bacterium, had no suppressive activity on the antiviral response. Anti-theta
      treatment eliminated the ability of immune cells to suppress, and the suppressive
      effect was not markedly dose-dependent with respect to both cell dose and virus
      dose under the conditions employed. Virus levels in the spleens of recipients
      were significantly reduced after injection of immune cells. Adult thymectomy had
      no effect on the primary immune response to ectromelia virus infection, thus
      indicating no role for T1 cells in the suppressive mechanism. The results
      obtained therefore suggested that suppression in this system was due to effector
      T cells which triggered clearance of virus (and thus, of virus-induced antigens)
      necessary for the induction of precursors of effector T cells, and that this
      simple feed-back mechanism normally plays an important role in the regulation of
      the primary immune response to ectromelia infection at the level of precursor
      induction. The existence of other postinduction regulatory mechanisms, however,
      is unknown and under investigation.

PMID- 175127
TI  - Macrophages genetically resistant to mouse hepatitis virus converted in vitro to
      susceptible macrophages.
AB  - Genetic resistance to mouse hepatitis, which resides largely in the macrophages
      of resistant C3H mice, may be altered by exposing the cells in vitro to fluid
      from allogeneic mixed lymphocytes. A 1,000-fold increase in susceptibility was
      produced in these genetically resistant cells by exposure to this fluid. This
      presumed lymphokine was effective without producing any change in host adaption
      of the virus.

PMID- 175128
TI  - Influence of auxiliary enzymes on the spectrophotometric measurement of alanine
      aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities.
AB  - We investigated the enzyme activity of the blank in the spectrophotometric
      determination of the aminotransferase activities and aspartate aminotransferase
      activity. 6 lactate dehydrogenase and 3 malate dehydrogenase preparations from
      different manufactures and from different organs showed additional and
      contaminating activity. The additional activity depends upon the 2-oxoglutarate
      concentration. The contaminating activity is caused by alanine aminotransferase
      and aspartate aminotransferase in the auxiliary enzymes. We propose that exact
      definitions must be given for the auxiliary enzymes in the recommendations of
      standard determinations for enzyme activities.

PMID- 175130
TI  - Poisonous snakebite: a review. 2. Symptomatology and treatment.

PMID- 175129
TI  - [Specificity of 3 alpha, 20 beta-hydroxysteroid: nad+ -oxidoreductase (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The enzyme 3 alpha, 20 beta-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.53)
      catalyses the stoichiometric reduction of 20-oxo groups of C-21 steroids by NADH,
      and the non-stoichiometric oxidation of 3 alpha-hydroxy groups of 5 alpha
      androstane derivatives by NAD. The activity of the enzyme towards the most
      important C-18, C-19 and C-21 steroids of human urine was tested in the presence
      of NAD and NADH. The rate of reduction of 20-oxo steroids is influenced by
      substituents at various positions of the steroid skeleton. These studies are
      intended as the basis of an eventual clinical chemical application.

PMID- 175131
TI  - [Phakomatoses. Ophthalmological and genetic aspects].
AB  - Detailed ophthalmological and genetic studies on the four classical types of
      phacomatoses and more succint studies of twelve syndromes which can be considered
      as atypical forms of phacomatoses. Discussion of the association between the
      different forms of phacomatoses. Establishment of genetic prognoses.

PMID- 175132
TI  - [Complex bilateral adrenal tumors in association with Albright's syndrome].

PMID- 175133
TI  - Non-hypertrophic familial neuropathy associated with intention tremor. A variety
      of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?
AB  - A family with an association of sensorimotor neuropathy and intention tremor is
      reported. Clinical examination of 3 affected family members showed in varying
      degrees areflexia, muscle wasting, impairment of deep sensation with an ataxic
      gait, pes cavus and disabling intention tremor. Motor nerve conduction velocities
      were moderately slowed. A superficial peroneal nerve biopsy showed axonal
      degeneration without segmental demyelination or onion bulb formation. Our
      observation seems to indicate an association of intention tremor with the non
      hypertrophic variety of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. It can therefore be
      suggested that the two classical types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome possess
      variants which are associated with intention tremor. This association is well
      known for the hypertrophic type; our report gives an example of the non
      hypertrophic type.

PMID- 175134
TI  - Congenital oculoskeletal myopathy with abnormal muscle and liver mitochondria.
AB  - We report a 22-year-old very thin man, who showed various symptoms and signs of
      oculoskeletal muscle weakness, episodes of myalgia, prolonged diarrhea, severe
      myopia, perceptive deafness, electrocardiographic and electroencephalographic
      abnormalities, and endocrinological abnormality. The onset was at about 3 months
      of age and a positive family history was strongly suggested. The light
      microscopic, histochemical and electron-microscopic findings showed abnormal
      mitochondria not only in the skeletal muscle, but also in liver cells. From the
      clinical as well as morphological points of view, this case was suspected to be
      one of congenital oculoskeletal myopathy probably due to an unidentified systemic
      metabolic disorder.

PMID- 175136
TI  - The effects of dbcAMP on adreanl chromaffin cells in organotypic culture.
AB  - Chromaffin cells in organotypic cultures of adrenal glands from 19 day rat
      embryos developed a marked increase in the volume of their rough endoplasmic
      reticulum (RER) and enlargement of nucleoli in response to 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP (dbcAMP) treatment for 17 days in vitro. 0.1 mM dbcAMP had a similar but less
      dramatic effect. When dbcAMP was removed from the medium after 11 days in vitro,
      cells became more like control explants treated with no additives, suggesting the
      effects of dbcAMP were reversible. ACTH which selectively stimulates adrenal
      cortical cells had no effect on RER morphology of chromaffin cells. The 'neuronal
      like' configuration of dbcAMP treated chromaffin cells is discussed.

PMID- 175135
TI  - Characteristics of myosin in nemaline myopathy.
AB  - Electron-microscopic, morphometric, histochemical and biochemical studies were
      carried out on muscle biopsies from a patient with the characteristic clinical
      and pathological findings of nemaline myopathy. The mean fiber diameter was
      decreased, and the vastus lateralis muscle biopsy consisted exclusively of slow
      twitch (Type I) fibers. Quantitative biochemical investigations revealed
      significantly low calcium uptake and ATPase activity of the fragmented
      sarcoplasmic reticulum and decreased myosin ATPase activity. The
      electrophoretogram of myosin showed an abnormality in the light chain pattern
      which could not be explained by a disproportion of normal fiber types.

PMID- 175137
TI  - Ventral horn synaptology in the rat.
AB  - The synaptology of the normal ventral horn of the rat was studied. Presynaptic
      boutons were classified as S (Spherical vesicles), F (flattened vesicles), and G
      (predominance of 700-1200 A granular vesicles). In addition, Cf, Cs, M, and T
      synaptic complexes were defined and quantitated. Synaptology was studied on alpha
      motoneuron somata, alpha-motoneuron primary dendrites, peripheral dendrites and
      interneuron somata. In addition, organelles were quantified for the pre- and
      postsynaptic members of the synaptic complex. All counts were made on coded
      material and these data were analyzed statistically. Motoneuron somata had
      significantly more (P less than 0.01) F (58%) than S (33%) boutons. This was also
      the case for the motoneuron primary dendrite (P less than 0.01; F, 61%; S, 37%).
      The small dendrites had more (P less than 0.05) S (56%) than F (44%) boutons.
      More Cf bulbs (P less than 0.01) were found on motoneuron somata (9%) than on
      motoneuron primary dendrites (2%) or interneruon somata (3%). The C complex
      presynaptic bouton contained spherical (Cs) or flattened (Cf) synaptic vesicles
      which were attributed to the fixation employed. Cf bulbs were not observed on
      small dendrites. G bulbs were observed (less than 1%) only on small dendrites M
      bulbs were not observed on any postsynaptic structure. The boutons of the
      motoneuron primary dendrites (15% of total afferents) and peripheral dendrites
      (14% of total afferents) were frequently branched whereas there was significantly
      (P less than 0.01) less branching of boutons on motoneuron and interneuron
      somata. Small postsynaptic subsurface cisterns were associated with boutons of
      both the S and F type on all structures. In addition, these cisterns were
      observed in motoneuron somata (4%) and interneuron somata (2%) without an
      accompanying bouton. C postsynaptic organelles were observed in motoneuron somata
      (3%) and primary dendrites (1%) with an overlying neuroglial cell process and no
      presynaptic bouton. The synaptology of the rat ventral horn is comparable to that
      in the cat and monkey. However, M (R) and P bulbs were not observed in the rat.
      This could be due to the sampling method which indicated that synapses with less
      than 1% occurrence fall at the level of statistical resolution in quantitative
      electron microscopy. The presence of postsynaptic specialization usually
      associated with presynaptic boutons with no presynaptic component may be a
      reflection of the dynamics of normal bouton renewal in the rat ventral horn.

PMID- 175138
TI  - Chemistry of 99mTc tracers. II. In vitro conversion of tagged HEDP and
      pyrophosphate (bone-seekers) into gluconate (renal agent). Effects of Ca and Fe
      (ii) on in vivo distribution.
AB  - Sodium gluconate transforms the bone-seekers 99mTc-HEDP and 99mTc-pyrophosphate
      into the renal agent 99mTc-gluconate. In these in vitro processes, pyrophosphate
      is displaced faster than HEDP, while the HEDP reaction is accelerated by calcium
      ions. The in vivo distributions of these bone and kidney agents are altered by
      the prior local injection of calcium or iron(II). These transformation and
      translocation phenomena are explained in terms of the mechanistic behavior of
      Tc(IV) complexes.

PMID- 175139
TI  - Letter: False-positive chemodectomas.

PMID- 175140
TI  - Studies on myoinositol. Effects of caffeine and theophylline on incorporation of
      myoinositol into phosphatidylinositol in rat liver homogenate.
AB  - Both caffeine and theophylline, which were known to be potent inhibitors of
      cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase, stimulated the incorporation of myoinositol into
      phosphatidylinositol in rat liver homogenate. However, cyclic-AMP had no effect.
      The effect of dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP differed with different concentrations. These
      results suggest that the stimulation cannot be explained by the increase in the
      amount of cyclic-AMP. This view was supported by the fact that papaverine, cyclic
      AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, did not stimulate the incorporation and
      imidazole, the phosphodiesterase stimulator, did not inhibit the incorporation,
      and that adenylcyclase stimulators, epinephrine and glucagon, did not stimulate
      the incorporation.

PMID- 175141
TI  - Collagenase studies in bones of guinea pigs.
AB  - A specific collagenase has been demonstrated in culture fluids of guinea pig
      bones. Based on the acrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern, the mechanism of
      action of guinea pig bone collagenase appears similar to other known vertebrate
      collagenases. 2 peaks of enzymatic activity were found upon assay of fractions
      from gel chromatography, corresponding to molecular weights in the range of
      137,000 daltons and 29,000 daltons. The enzyme is inhibited by cysteine and EDTA.
      Alpha1-macroglobulin is a much stronger inhibitor of the collagenase than alpha
      antitrypsin. Activation studies suggested the presence of a proenzyme to guinea
      pig bone collagenase that was converted to an active enzyme by proteases present
      in the culture fluid.

PMID- 175142
TI  - Atypical hidradenoma arising in a dermoid cyst of the spinal canal.
AB  - A spinal dermoid cyst with an invasive sweat-gland tumour in its wall is
      reported. This appears to be the first of this type to be reported in the nervous
      system.

PMID- 175143
TI  - Chronic cytomegalovirus infection, immunodeficiency, and monoclonal gammopathy
      antigen-driven malignancy?
AB  - An infant with severe combined immunodeficiency had normal numbers of lymphocytes
      which bore E rosette and surface Ig markers in an appropriate distribution.
      However, only minimal responsivity to in vitro stimulation by mitogens and
      allogenic cells, and none to antigens could be elicited; functional antibody
      responses were also nil, except to cytomegalovirus. Intrauterine-acquired
      cytomegalovirus may have caused his immune dysfunction, although the possibility
      of a postnatal infection cannot be excluded. Therapy with transfer factor and
      thymus transplantation was unsucessful in restoring immunity and may have
      aggravated a pre-existing monoclonal gammopathy. It is possible that the
      monoclonal protein was derived from B-cells transplacentally received from the
      patients mother.

PMID- 175144
TI  - Parathyroid function tests with EDTA infusions in infancy and childhood.
AB  - To determine the functional capabilities of the parathyroid glands, 17 EDTA
      infusions were given to 11 children (ages 1 month to 12 years) and to two mothers
      of four of the children. Serum ionized Ca fell from 4.1 mg/dl to 3.4 mg/dl.
      Excessive parathyroid hormone responses were elicited during seven of nine EDTA
      infusions in five children and in one adult with hypophosphatemic rickets, during
      the active phase of rickets. In four of five subjects with problems related to
      hypercalcemia, borderline low or undetectable PTH responses were elicited. Three
      relatively normal PTH responses were obtained, two in an infant after phosphate
      induced hypocalcemic tetany was corrected, and one in a child with a
      malabsorption syndrome. The renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate was inversely
      related and the urinary cyclic AMP excretion was positively related to the PTH
      response. Thus EDTA infusions in infants and children might be useful in the
      identification of hyper-, normo-, or hypoparathyroid states and would be of value
      in defining the functional condition of the parathyroid glands in children with
      deranged Ca or P metabolism.

PMID- 175145
TI  - Isolation of varicellazoster virus from blood.

PMID- 175146
TI  - Eye movements during REM sleep: the influence of personality and presleep
      conditions.
AB  - Male subjects scoring high (n=17) or low (n=14) on the Maudsley Neuroticism scale
      were randomly assigned to a positive (n=17) or negative (ego threat) (n=14)
      presleep condition and then slept a single night in the laboratory. The negative
      condition elicited significantly more rapid eye movement activity (REM density)
      than did the positive condition (pless than.03). There was a significant
      interaction for Groups X Conditions (pless than.007) indicating that low
      neuroticism subjects had greater REM density in the negative condition, and less
      REM density in the positive condition, compared to high neuroticism subjects
      under either condition. The low neuroticism subjects in the negative condition
      showed a discrepancy between greater REM density but less admission of stress on
      a presleep mood questionnaire compared to high neuroticism subjects. These
      results support the hypothesis that REM density is a correlate of stress-induced
      arousal that is subject to the modifying effects of individual differences.

PMID- 175147
TI  - Effect of bradykinin on transepithelial transfer of sodium and water in vitro.
AB  - Mucosal sodium and water transfer were measured in everted sacs of rat jejunum.
      2. Bradykinin (7.86 X 10(-12)M), when present in both mucosal and serosal
      solutions, produced a biphasic effect on mucosal sodium and water transfer. When
      basal transfer was low a stimulation was observed whereas an inhibition of
      transfer was observed when basal transfer was high. Bradykinin at concentrations
      of 7-86 X 10(-11) and 7-86 X 10(-13) M produced qualitatively similar effects. 3.
      Inhibition of transfer was observed whether bradykinin was present in the
      mucosal, serosal or both solutions. Stimulation of transfer was observed only
      when bradykinin was present in the serosal solution. 4. Theophylline (1 mM),
      alone inhibited water transfer at high and intermediate levels of basal transfer,
      and significantly potentiated the inhibitory effect of bradykinin (7-86 X 10(
      12)M) on water transfer at intermediate levels of control transfer. 5. Cyclic AMP
      (1 mM) inhibited water transfer when basal transfer was high. Dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP (1 mM) inhibited water transfer at all levels of basal transfer. Dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP (1 mM) and bradykinin (7-86 X 10(-12)M) together produced a
      significantly greater inhibition of water transfer than either agent alone, at
      intermediate basal transfer. 6. It was observed that the action of bradykinin
      upon sodium and water transfer consists of two different and opposing effects. It
      is possible that the inhibitory effect of bradykinin upon water transfer is
      related to increased cyclic AMP activity.

PMID- 175148
TI  - Effects of divalent cations and of catecholamines on the late response of the
      superior cervical ganglion.
AB  - The characteristics of the late response of the superior cervical ganglion of
      dogs were studied by close-arterial injection of catecholamines and divalent
      cations to the ganglion. 2. Dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline inhibit the
      late response as well as ganglionic activity induced by other means. The effect
      of dopamine is brief but that of adrenaline is prolonged. 3. Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+,
      Zn2+, Hg2+ and Fe2+ markedly potentiate the late response, whereas Mn2+, Ca2+ and
      Mg2+ inhibit it. 4. may potentiate ganglionic activity triggered by other
      ganglionic stimulants. The Cd-augmented activity may be blocked by a ganglion
      blocker which is specific to the stimulant. 5. CdCl2 may exhibit a direct
      ganglion-stimulating action on a ganglion which shows prominent late responses
      and has been conditioned by tetanic preganglionic stimulation. 6. CdCl2 and MnCl2
      may inhibit ganglionic transmission by suppressing acetylcholine release from
      presynaptic nerve terminals. 7. It is concluded that the late response represents
      the late discharges of ganglion cells, which are very sensitive to inhibition by
      CaCl2 and MnCl2 and may be potentiated by CdCl2.

PMID- 175151
TI  - Proceedings: Coupling between cutaneous nerves.

PMID- 175149
TI  - Proceedings: Stimulus-secretion coupling in submandibular gland: role of cyclic
      AMP, cyclic GMP and calcium in regulating adrenoceptor mediated enzyme secretion.

PMID- 175152
TI  - Proceedings: The time course of action of L-glutamate at the excitatory
      neuromuscular junction in Maia squinado.

PMID- 175150
TI  - Effects of physiologic alterations on binomial transmitter release at magnesium
      depressed neuromuscular junctions.
AB  - 1. Transmitter release from Mg2+-treated frog neuromuscular junctions can be
      described by binomial statistics. Good agreement between the observed amplitude
      frequency distribution of e.p.p.s. and that predicted by binomial statistics is
      observed with relatively low concentrations of Mg2+. Conversely, good agreement
      is found with Poisson predictions when higher concentrations of Mg2+ are used to
      depress transmission. 2. Binomial analysis at these junctions shows that Mg2+
      reduces quantal content (m), the probability of release (p) and to a lesser
      extent the available stores of transmitter (n). Raising Ca2+ causes an increase
      in n and p and a small but significant increase in n. K+ increases m and p but
      not n. 3. During 'frequency-facilitation' (1-6 Hz), e.p.p.s., m and n are
      increased but p is unaffected. 4. It is concluded that binomial statistics can be
      used to estimate the quantal parameters of transmitter release and that these
      parameters can be identified as discrete entities.

PMID- 175153
TI  - Proceedings: Is noradrenaline the motor transmitter in the mouse vas deferens?

PMID- 175154
TI  - An electrophysiological study of chemical and electrical synapses on neurones in
      the parasympathetic cardiac ganglion of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus:
      evidence for intrinsic ganglionic innervation.
AB  - 1. The cardiac ganglion of the mudpuppy is situated on a thin sheet of tissue.
      Two nerve cell types can be distinguished readily in the living preparation -
      principal cells and smaller interneurones which synapse with the principal cells.
      The purpose of this study was to investigate synaptic transmission and the
      functional organization of neuronal connections of ganglion cells with
      intracellular micro-electrodes. 2. Stimulation of the preganglionic, vagus,
      nerves evoked a large excitatory response in principal cells. About three
      quarters of these neurones were innervated by a single vagal axon. The remaining
      cells received two or more preganglionic nerve fibres. 3. The quantum content of
      vagal excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) was measured. Normally, the
      e.p.s.p. was suprathreshold and consisted of about twenty-two quanta, whereas
      only about nine quanta were required to reach threshold and initiate an action
      potential. 4. Intracellular stimulation of principal cells evoked e.p.s.p.s in
      neighbouring principal cells. The responses were blocked by cholinergic
      antagonists. These potentials were caused by excitation of principal cell axon
      collateral synapses. 5. Principal cells also formed electrical junctions with
      each other. These electrical junctions were very weak. Although they transmitted
      slow potential changes, only a small response was recorded in one cell when an
      electrically coupled neighbouring cell fired an impulse. The resistance of the
      electrical junction between principal cells was calculated to be about 5-8 X
      10(8) omega. 6. Stable penetrations of interneurones were only rarely achieved,
      making it difficult to study their functional relationship to principal cells.
      Action potentials were recorded from interneurones in a few instances. 7. These
      data demonstrate that parasympathetic ganglion cells in the heart of the mudpuppy
      receive innervation from more than one source involving both chemical and
      electrical synapses, and that some of the synapses are intrinsic to the ganglion.

PMID- 175155
TI  - The acetylcholine sensitivity of the surface membrane of multiply-innervated
      parasympathetic ganglion cells in the mudpuppy before and after partial
      denervation.
AB  - 1. The surface chemosensitivity to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh)
      of single nerve cells in the cardiac ganglion of the mudpuppy was examined. 2.
      Some synapses on the neurones can be recognized in the living preparation with
      differential interference contrast optics. Identified synaptic regions of the
      ganglion cells were more sensitive to ACh than were other areas. The mean
      sensitivity of synaptic areas was 509 mV/nC, but that of random spots on the cell
      surface (which were mainly non-synaptic) was only 190 mV/nC. The mean rise time
      of ACh responses at synapses was 23 msec and at random spots was 36 msec. These
      data suggest that the density of ACh receptors is highest under the synapses on
      the post-synaptic membrane. 3. When some, but not all, of the presynaptic
      terminals on the ganglion cells are destroyed by cutting the vagus nerve, the
      sensitivity of the entire surface membrane to applied ACh increases. This
      increase in sensitivity reaches a maximum about 4-6 weeks after the operation. 4.
      Synaptic transmission at excitatory collateral synapses which remain after vagal
      degeneration is not altered by this hypersensitivity. 5. Neurones from ganglia
      which have been isolated and maintained in organ culture also become
      hypersensitive to applied ACh. this heightened chemosensitivity deveoops much
      faster in vitro; hypersensitivity in cultured ganglia becomes manifest within 4-5
      days, in contrast with 4-6 weeks after vagus degeneration in vivo.

PMID- 175156
TI  - Impact of Souder v. Brennan on the profoundly and severely retarded.

PMID- 175157
TI  - Personality correlates of a psychiatric nurse.

PMID- 175158
TI  - How to be a helping person.
AB  - This paper is an attempt to summarize the essential ingredients of helping
      someone in need. The main element needed is the helpers interest in the person,
      be he student, employee, Army draftee, or patient. Eleven points of interviewing
      are outlined along with possible uses in training situations.

PMID- 175160
TI  - Drug cost changes.

PMID- 175159
TI  - Progressive degradation.

PMID- 175161
TI  - A model for teaching a group process seminar.

PMID- 175163
TI  - Measure of enzymatic activity coincident with 2450 MHz microwave exposure.
AB  - Enzyme preparations were exposed to microwave radiation at 2450 MHz and enzymatic
      activity was simultaneously monitored spectrophotometrically with a crossed-beam
      exposure detection system. Enzymes studied were glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      from human red blood cells and yeast, adenylate kinase from rat liver
      mitochondria and rabbit muscle, and rat liver microsomal NADPH cytochrome c
      reductase. No difference was found between the specific activity at 25 degrees C
      of unirradiated controls and enzyme preparations irradiated at an absorbed dose
      rate of 42 W/kg.

PMID- 175162
TI  - Membranes of Tetrahymena. IV. Isolation and characterization of temperature
      responsive smooth and rough microsomal subfractions.
AB  - Temperature-responsive microsomes of the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena have been
      originally fractionated by step centrifugation on two-layered, Mg2+-containing
      sucrose gradients. Three fractions have been obtained, which are termed smooth I,
      smooth II and rough according to the appearance of the membrane vesicles upon
      electron-microscopy. Smooth I, smooth II, and rough microsomes exhibit
      RNA/protein ratios of 0.09, 0.20, and 0.34; their phospholipid/protein ratios and
      their neutral lipid/phospholipid ratios were 0.52, 0.43 and 0.25, and 0.17, 0.18
      and 0.13, respectively. All three fractions contain equivalent, low succinic
      dehydrogenase and 5'-nucleotidase activities. Glucose-6-phosphatase and acid
      phosphatase are more concentrated in smooth I membranes than in rough membranes.
      The reverse is true for ATPase. The smooth II membranes occupy an intermediate
      position except that their ATPase activity is the lowest of the three fractions.
      The specific activities of these enzymes of the three microsomal fractions are
      compared to those of homogenates of whole cells. Thin-layer chromatography
      reveals a very similar polar and nonpolar lipid pattern of the three microsomal
      fractions. The major phospholipid compounds are phosphatidlethanolamine,
      glycerideaminoethylphosphonate and phosphatidylcholine, while diglycerides, an
      unknown NL-compound, and triglycerides are the major apolar lipids. Gas liquid
      chromatography shows that the fatty acids are mainly even-numbered ranging
      between C12 and C18. The smooth I, smooth II and rough membranes contain 65.2,
      69.3 and 72.7% unsaturated fatty acids in their polar lipids, whereas only 52.7,
      49.7 and 48.3% unsaturated acids are found in their apolar lipids, respectively.
      The fatty acids are more unevenly distributed among the individual polar lipids
      than in the apolar ones.

PMID- 175164
TI  - The macromolecular organization of the elastin fibril.

PMID- 175165
TI  - The modified 5'-terminal sequences in messenger RNA of mouse myeloma cells.

PMID- 175167
TI  - Five steps in the conversion of a large precursor RNA into bacteriophage proline
      and serine transfer RNAs.

PMID- 175166
TI  - The production of undegraded cytosine-containing DNA by bacteriophage T4 in the
      absence of dCTPase and endonucleases II and IV, and its effects on T4-directed
      protein synthesis.

PMID- 175168
TI  - Fine structure of fluid segregation organelles of Paramecium contractile
      vacuoles.

PMID- 175169
TI  - Membrane structure of Entamoeba histolytica: fine structure of freeze-fractured
      membranes.

PMID- 175170
TI  - Crystals within thylakoids: a structural analysis.

PMID- 175171
TI  - Ultrastructure of mycoplasma-like organisms purified from clover phyllody
      affected plants.

PMID- 175172
TI  - Mitochondrial ultrastructure study with the new cytochrome c binding agent 4,4'
      diamino-2,2'-bipyridyl ferrous chelate.

PMID- 175173
TI  - [Proceedings: Urinary excretion of cyclic AMP during expansion in rats].

PMID- 175174
TI  - A review of adenoviruses in the etiology of acute hemorrhagic cystitis.
AB  - In a comparison of children with acute hemorrhagic cystitis it was noted that 51
      per cent of those in Sendai, Japan and 23 per cent of those in Chicago, Illinois
      had adenoviruria during their illness. These 2 populations are the only ones in
      which the disease has been studied and reported. In both populations male
      outnumbered female patients, with a ratio of 3.4 to 1 in Japanese children and
      2.3 to 1 in American children. Adenovirus type 11 was isolated exclusively in
      both studies, with the exception of 2 American children who had adenovirus type
      21 in the urine. While the Japanese children experienced their illnesses for
      approximately 2 weeks American children had symptoms for only 4 to 5 days. Virus
      shedding continued throughout the illness in both populations. The adenovirus 11
      strains from American children were antigenically similar to the prototype
      adenovirus type 11 strain as measured by cross hemagglutination-inhibition
      procedures. Adenovirus antigen was identified by immunofluorescence in exfoliated
      bladder epithelial cells from patients with acute hemorrhagic cystitis. Studies
      to date indicate that adenovirus type 11 is the etiologic agent in some but not
      all pediatric cases of acute hemorrhagic cystitis.

PMID- 175175
TI  - Curability of childhood cancer.

PMID- 175176
TI  - Vidarabine therapy for severe herpesvirus infections. An unusual syndrome of
      chronic varicella and transient immunologic deficiency.
AB  - Six patients with severe herpesvirus infections were successfully treated with
      vidarabine. One patient had a previously undescribed syndrome of chronic
      cutaneous varicella infection of eight months' duration, associated with
      transient but complete duppression of lymphocyte response to conconavalin A.
      Other diagnoses were severe varicella pneumonia, progressive cytomegalovirus
      pneumonia associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia, herpes simplex
      encephalitis, severe zoster associated with stage IV lymphoma, and disseminated
      herpes simplex in a patient receiving high doses of steroids. All patients showed
      cessation of new lesions or abrupt clinical improvement between days 2 and 4
      after initiation of therapy, and all were cured of their clinical infection.
      Dramatic improvement in all of our patients and the minimal toxicity observed
      make vidarabine suitable for use in severe herpesvirus infections.

PMID- 175177
TI  - Editorial: Treatment of herpesvirus infections.

PMID- 175178
TI  - Hepatic changes in young women ingesting contraceptive steroids. Hepatic
      hemorrhage and primary hepatic tumors.
AB  - Primary hepatic tumors developed in 13 young women who had been ingesting
      contraceptive steroids. Nine tumors were benign, and four malignant. Six tumors
      ruptured spontaneously and caused life-threatening hemorrhage. Benign tumors were
      successfully resected in eight women. One woman died during hepatic resection for
      malignant hepatoma; in two other cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, tumors were
      nonresectable. In two patients, the tumor was left in situ after neoplasm had
      been excluded by biopsy. The increase of such tumors in women of childbearing age
      warrants the suspicion that these contraceptive steroid hormones play an
      etiologic role.

PMID- 175179
TI  - Letter: Re: increased virus shedding with aspirin treatment of rhinovirus
      infection.

PMID- 175180
TI  - [Studies on myocardial metabolism during atrial pacing-induced tachycardia-
      special reference to myocardial free radical metabolism--].

PMID- 175181
TI  - [Selective isolation of a CRP (cyclic AMP receptor protein)-defective mutant by
      growth suppression by cyclic AMP].

PMID- 175182
TI  - [Culture media and conditions for production of entrotoxin by Clostridium
      perfringens].

PMID- 175183
TI  - [Synergism between non-exotoxin-producing stocks of Clostridium perfringens
      (II)].

PMID- 175184
TI  - [Hemagglutination caused by leukocytosis-promoting factor of Bordetella
      pertussis].

PMID- 175185
TI  - [Aerosol inoculation of Bordetella pertussis in mice].

PMID- 175186
TI  - [Experimental diarrhea in dogs and monkeys caused by Clostridium welchii].

PMID- 175187
TI  - [Activities of anaerobes of the human intestines with special reference to
      Clostridium perfringens].

PMID- 175188
TI  - [DNA homology and pathogenicity].

PMID- 175189
TI  - [Resistance against heavy metals of Clostridium perfringens collected at the
      South Pole].

PMID- 175190
TI  - [B and T lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and bone marrow blood from
      aplastic anemia in childhood (author's transl)].

PMID- 175191
TI  - [Letters to the editor: Bone marrow transplantation and leukemic transformation
      of transplanted cells].

PMID- 175192
TI  - [Pains at the hypogastric and right thoracic regions (with gastric ulcer and a
      thoracic nodule): lung cancer with metastasis to the stomach].

PMID- 175193
TI  - [Arthralgia, coughs and excessive sputum formation (with abnormal radiographic
      presentation of the thorax): pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with primary
      lung cancer].

PMID- 175194
TI  - [Edema (of the face and extremities), flushing and sense of fatigue of the
      extremities (hypokalemia, osteoporosis and hypertension): bronchial carcinoid
      (ACTH-producing tumor)].

PMID- 175195
TI  - [Flushing, tachycardiax with cold sweat and abnormal radiographic presentation of
      the thoracic region: bronchial carcinoid with hepatic metastasis].

PMID- 175196
TI  - [Ulcerous lesions of the stomach with a long-term follow-up: early stomach
      cancer].

PMID- 175197
TI  - [Lethargy, osteoporosis, leukemoid reactions and hypercalcemia: hypercalcemia due
      to stomach cancer with systemic metastasis].

PMID- 175198
TI  - [Hepatomegaly and cognition disorder: primary liver cancer (with hypoglycemia)].

PMID- 175199
TI  - [Heartburn, sense of fullness of the upper abdomen and emaciation: primary liver
      cancer (and its metastatic foci)].

PMID- 175200
TI  - [Bone imaging with 99m Tc-pyrophosphate].

PMID- 175201
TI  - Clostridia in soil of the Antarctica.
AB  - From the soil in the area around the Syowa Station, the East Ongul Island, the
      Antarctica, a total of 193 strains of clostridia were isolated and identified. It
      was surprising that the soil samples taken from the places which were considered
      to be scarcely contaminated by human beings and animals contained many
      clostridia. One hundred and fifty-five strains were assigned to 11 species,
      including C. perfringens, C. bifermentans, C. sordellii, C. sporogenes, C.
      plagarum, C. paraperfringens, C. septicum, C. tertium, C. cadaveris, C. butyricum
      and C. felsineum, but 38 strains remained unidentified. C. perfringens, C.
      bifermentans and C. sordellii were isolated very frequently and C. sporogenes
      less frequently. All the strains of C. sordellii were nonpathogenic and had
      almost the same characteristics as those of C. bifermentans except for the
      attitude in the urease test. The peculiar distribution and characteristics of the
      clostridia in the Antarctic soil were discussed in comparison with those found in
      the soil in Japan.

PMID- 175202
TI  - Epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease in Japan, 1972-1973: difference in
      epidemiologic and virologic features from the previous one.

PMID- 175203
TI  - Monolayer cell culture of human pancreatic beta cell tumor: effect of glucose and
      somatostatin on insulin release.
AB  - A human pancreatic beta cell tumor was maintained in monolayer cell culture for
      80 days. The culture was terminated because of bacterial infection. Probably
      because extensive trypsin-collagenase dissociation was unnecessary, the
      dissociated cells attached much more quickly to the surface of the culture flask
      than do rat pancreatic cells obtained by enzymatic dissociation. Insulin release
      not only oscillated widely during the first 40 days of culture but also showed a
      decline from 380 mU the first week to about 50 mU/week the seventh week. For some
      unknown reason fibroblast overgrowth was not a major problem. Reduction of the
      medium glucose concentration from 16.5 mM to 5.5 mM did not alter insulin release
      rate. At glucose concentration of 16.5 mM, somatostatin 1.0 mug/ml reduced
      insulin release by 40%. From our previously reported studies on the effect of
      somatostatin on insulin release by monolayer cell cultures of rat endocrine
      pancreas, we conclude that the constant release of insulin by the tumor cells is
      relatively nonstimulated. We have confirmed that monolayer cultures of human
      pancreatic beta cell tumor do not represent a good model for normal human beta
      cell function because of the major shortcoming of an apparent inability to
      recognize glucose as a secretogogue.

PMID- 175204
TI  - Dysuria in women.
AB  - Only 46% of 84 women with dysuria were found to have significant bacteriuria
      while 8% had gonorrhea, 1% had herpes progenitalis and 17% had monilia and
      Trichomonas vaginitis. The remainder were considered to have the urethral
      syndrome. Neither pyuria, microscopic bacteriuria, nor any single subjective or
      objective datum definitively predicted cystitis at the initial visit. Therefore,
      we advise formulating the problem as "dysuria" at the initial evaluation even
      though one treats with an antimicrobial. The initial workup should include a
      routine urinalysis, gram stain of the urinary sediment, urine culture, an
      examination of the urethra and labia as well as a urethral culture. Complete
      pelvic examination is useful in documenting gonorrhea, herpes progenitalis or
      vaginitis. If the pelvic examination is deferred and the initial urine culture is
      negative, reevaluation of the dysuria should include a pelvic examination.

PMID- 175205
TI  - [Basic studies on viomycin and tuberactinomycin (author's transl)].

PMID- 175206
TI  - [Clinical features and pathology of Resochin - implantation in the cornea
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The long-term therapy with Resochin leads in a proportion of cases to reversible
      changes in the cornea. There is no direct relationship between the total dose
      used and the keratopathy. Point-like "Infiltrations" can be identified
      histologically in the cytoplasm of the epithelium and also vacuolised cells and
      cell necrosis, mainly in the surface epithelial layers. Under the electron
      microscope one can see, alongside intact cells, cells with multiple lyosomal
      inclusions, surrounded by a membrane, and myelin figures. The changes described
      are probably to be seen as after-effects of the influence of the drug.

PMID- 175207
TI  - [Effects of pharmacological agents lowering the membrane potential difference to
      wave b in the electroretinogram of frog's isolated eye].

PMID- 175208
TI  - [Influence of somatastatin on oral glucose tolerance in autonomous hypersecretion
      of growth hormone, prolactin or insulin (author's transl)].
AB  - Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed for two subsequent days in 4
      patients with active acromegaly, 2 patients with prolactin-producing pituitary
      adenomas and one insulinoma patient. Thirty minutes before the second OGTT 250
      mug of somatostatin were injected intravenously as a bolus followed by a
      somatostatin infusion (500 mug) over 21/2 hours. The OGTTs were pathologic due to
      the hGH- and hPRL-induced insulin antagonism; they could not be normalized or
      improved by somatostatin. Only the peak of the blood sugar curve was shifted from
      one to two and a half hours after glucose administration; insulin and hGH levels
      were regularly suppressed after somatostatin whereas hPRL remained unchanged in
      most instances. Gastrin levels increased in all patients during the OGTT, the
      increase was suppressed in 4 patients. These findings show that the pathologic
      glucose tolerance due to insulin antagonism could not be improved by somatostatin
      in contrast to the deteriorated glucose tolerance in insulinopenic states.

PMID- 175210
TI  - [Diarrhea and islet cell tumor. Clinical and morphological report on 2
      observations].
AB  - The combination of diarrhea with an islet cell tumor (Verner-Morrison Syndrome)
      is a clinical picture presenting many diagnostic problems. It is probable that
      larger numbers of cases will be encountered with more widespread knowledge of
      this disease. The clinical features and the pathologic-anatomical findings of two
      characteristic cases are reported and discussed.

PMID- 175212
TI  - An ultrastructural study of nuclear and centriolar configurations in
      multinucleated giant cells.
AB  - Multinucleated giant cells were examined with electron microscopy from (1) four
      peripheral giant cell granulomas of the jaws, (2) a central giant cell tumor of
      the maxilla, (3) five giant cell tumors of tendon sheath, (4) experimentally
      induced foreign body granulomas in rats, (5) a virus-induced sarcoma, and (6)
      osteoclasts from the mandibles of rats and (7) the femurs of hamsters. The
      purpose of the study was (1) to examine the location and arrangement of the
      nuclei and the centrioles of the multinuclueated cells and compare them with the
      osteoclast which has previously been thought to have a unique arrangement and (2)
      to observe whether the physical location of the centrioles and the nuclei were
      such that the nuclei could undergo mitosis within the cytoplasm. All of the
      multinucleated cells were found to have a similar arragnement of nuclear
      concentration areas and nucleus-free areas. A giant centrosphere containing
      multiple pairs of centrioles was found in the nucleus-free areas, unassociated
      with any particular nucleus. In the case of the foreign body giant cell and the
      osteoclast, this giant centrosphere was located very close to the foreign
      material or bone. When occasional single pairs of centrioles were found, they
      were located in the area of nuclear concentration, closely associated with a
      particular nucleus at the periphery. These findings have shown that a common
      centrosphere containing multiple centrioles is not an exclusive feature of the
      osteoclast as was previously thought. The findings suggest that a mononuclear
      cell containing a centriole pair fuses to the larger cell and maintains its
      centriole pair in close proximity to its nucleus for a short period of time,
      during which it may undergo mitotic activity. Eventually, the centrioles proceed
      to a common centrosphere whereas the nuclei aggregate in another area making
      further mitotic activity an unlikely possibility.

PMID- 175211
TI  - [Pathophysiology of prolonged hypokinesia].
AB  - Hypokinesia is an important problem in modern medicine. In the pathogenetic
      effect of prolonged hypokinesia the main etiological factor is diminished motor
      activity; of major importance are disorders in the energy and plastic metabolism
      which affect the muscle system; the contributing factors are cardiovascular
      deconditioning and orthostatic intolerance. This is attributed to a decreased
      oxygen supply and eliminated hydrostatic influences during a prolonged
      recumbency. Blood redistribution in the vascular bed is related to the Gauer
      Henry reflex and subsequent changes in the fluid-electrolyte balance. Decreased
      load on the bone system induces changes in the protein-phosphate-calcium
      metabolism, diminished bone density and increased calcium content in the blood
      and urine. Changes in the calcium metabolism are systemic. The activity of the
      higher nervous system and reflex functions is lowered. Changes in the function of
      the autonomic nervous system which include a noticeable decline of its adaptive
      trophic role as a result of the decrease of afferent and efferent impulsation are
      of great importance. Changes in the hormonal function involve a peculiar stress
      reaction which develops at an early stage of hypokinesia as a response to an
      unusual situation. Prolonged hypokinesia may result in a disturbed function of
      the pituitary-adrenal system. It is assumed that prolonged hypokinesia may induce
      a specific disease of hypokinesia during which man cannot lead a normal mode of
      life and work.

PMID- 175213
TI  - Zonal changes in renal structure and phospholipid metabolism in potassium
      deficient rats.
AB  - Morphologic alterations and membrane metabolism were studied in the kidneys of
      rats fed a low potassium diet. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy
      following perfusion-fixation of kidneys revealed that the earliest morphologic
      change occurs in cells of the papillary tip in which multivesicular bodies, a
      specific type to lysosome, appear after 1 day. Increased depletion leads to
      extension of the lesion to all cells of the papilla. After 1 week, a narrow band
      of hyperplasia in the inner red medulla appears; this band is characterized by
      adenomatous proliferation of intercalated and light cells and partial obstruction
      of collecting tubules. These alterations and cortical growth in the normal
      pattern result in increased renal weight. New membrane formation for lysosomes
      and growing cells was studied by measuring the rate of [14C]choline incorporation
      into phospholipid in slices from five zones of the kidney. In the papilla the
      rate increased 39 per cent after 18 hours, the earliest change detected. After 36
      hours the rate increased in inner red medulla by 28 per cent, inner cortex by 25
      per cent and outer cortex by 40 per cent. [14C]choline was a specific precursor
      of the three renal phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine,
      and sphingomyelin. The relative distribution of the label did not change with
      growth induced by potassium depletion. The results indicate that potassium
      depletion induces early increases in the formation of cell membrane phospholipid
      which correlate with specific morphologic changes in different zones within the
      kidney.

PMID- 175214
TI  - Proliferation of endothelial cells in estrogen-stimulated rat liver. A light and
      electron microscopic cytochemical study.
AB  - The mononuclear phagocytes (Kupffer cells) in the normal rat liver can be
      distinguished from the endothelial cells on the basis of their endogenous
      peroxidase activity in the endoplasmic reticulum and their exclusive ability to
      phagocytose large (0.81 mum.) latex particles. Using these cellular markers we
      have investigated the effects of an estrogen upon the mitotic activity and the
      ultrastructure of individual types of littoral cells in the rat liver. Adult
      female rats received a single 10-mg. injection of diethylstilbestrol, and at
      daily intervals up to 6 days their livers were fixed by perfusion and processed
      for localization of peroxidase. Mitotic figures were rare in untreated control
      animals, but dividing littoral cells with both positive and negative peroxidase
      reaction could be identified. The exclusive localization of injected latex
      particles in dividing peroxidase-positive cells indicated that peroxidase
      reaction identified the Kupffer cells not only in the interphase but also during
      the mitotic division. In estrogen-treated animals there was a sharp rise in the
      mitotic activity of littoral cells; the activity reached its peak on the 3rd day
      and returned to normal levels on the 6th day after the initial injection. A
      breakdown of the dividing cells on the basis of their peroxidase reactivity
      revealed that nearly the entire population of dividing cells consisted of
      peroxidase-negative endothelial cells. In addition, numerous hyperactive Kupffer
      cells containing large phagolysosomes with phagocytosed peripheral blood cells
      and latex particles were seen. Intermediate cell-types with cytochemical features
      between Kupffer cells and endothelial cells or between monocytes and Kupffer
      cells were not encountered. Because of the limited phagocytic capacity of hepatic
      endothelial cells, our observations would provide morphologic evidence in support
      of previous physiologic studies, indicating that estrogen treatment has little or
      no effect upon the particle clearing function of the reticuloendothelial system
      in rats. The rare but clear demonstration of dividing Kupffer cells in liver
      sinusoids would indicate that these cells are capable of self-replication in
      situ. Finally, our observations suggest that estrogens may play an important role
      in the pathophysiology of endothelial cells.

PMID- 175215
TI  - Abnormally large lamellar bodies in type II pneumocytes in Chediak-Higashi
      syndrome in beige mice.
AB  - Lamellar bodies in type II pneumocytes are markedly enlarged in beige mice. The
      irregular shapes of some of these enlarged specialized lysosomes suggest fusion
      of smaller ellipsoidal bodies to form the giant organelles, consistent with the
      proposal of others for the mechanism of formation of abnormal lysosomes in
      Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Examination of the structure of lamellar bodies by the
      freeze-fracture technique reveals highly ordered stacking or concentric wrapping
      of the constituent lamellae. The corrugated patterns evident on the surfaces of
      normal lamellae are also present in Chediak-Higashi syndrome lamellae. Both
      normal and Chediak-Higashi syndrome lamellae appear free of typical
      intramembranous particles. The corrugations seen in the lamellae closely resemble
      those seen on freeze-fracture of dispersions of lecithin in water.

PMID- 175209
TI  - [The Verner-Morrison syndrome. The clinical picture and pathologic anatomy].
AB  - The Verner-Morrison Syndrome is a clinically defined entity caused by an islet
      cell tumor of the pancreas. More than 60 cases have been described so long. The
      syndrome is characterized by diarrhea, hypokalemia and hypochlorhydria. In
      addition to a diabetic disposition, raised calcium levels and skin alterations
      may be present. The diagnosis is a clinical one. A pancreatic tumor should be
      searched for and removed. Morphologically a benign and a maligne islet cell tumor
      or a diffuse hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans can be found. Until now
      identification of the tumor cells has not been possible. There seems no doubt
      that the tumor cells produce a peptide hormone. Secretin, gastric inhibitory
      polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and combinations of hormones are
      discussed. The results are contradictory. Theories concerning the formal and
      causal pathogenesis are only incomplete and unproved up to now.

PMID- 175217
TI  - The effects of long chain free fatty acids on human neutrophil function and
      structure.
AB  - Neutrophils from healthy volunteers were isolated and incubated with varying
      concentrations of albumin-bound long chain free fatty acids. Standard in vitro
      function tests including phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, and chemotaxis were
      performed after the incubation. It was found that unsaturated fatty acid (oleic
      acid) caused no changes in bactericidal activity and only moderate decreases in
      phagocytosis and chemotaxis at very high concentrations. Saturated fatty acid
      (palmitic acid) produced, at high concentrations, virtually complete inhibition
      of chemotaxis and moderate depression of phagocytosis and bactericidal ability.
      Most significantly, lower concentrations of saturated free fatty acids, within
      the range reported clinically in various diseases, caused a marked inhibition of
      chemotaxis. These functional disturbances were associated with ultrastructural
      alterations. Neutrophils treated with oleic acid contained numerous cytoplasmic
      neutral lipid droplets. Neutrophils incubated with palmitic acid showed elongated
      cleftlike dilations of the endoplasmic reticulum and degenerative degranulated
      cytoplasmic areas. It is postulated that these represent crystallization of
      excess saturated free fatty acids or triglyceride which interfere with
      chemotaxis, either mechanically or by causing cell injury.

PMID- 175216
TI  - Human cord blood lymphocytes. Ultrastructural and immunologic surface marker
      characteristics; a comparison with B- and T-cell lymphomas.
AB  - The ultrastructural and surface marker characteristics of human cord blood
      lymphocytes were studied. These properties were compared with those in cells of
      patients in the leukemic phase of both malignant lymphoma, poorly differentiated
      lymphocytic type, and mycosis fungoides. Nuclear folding in cord blood
      lymphocytes was similar to that seen in lymphocytes of patients with malignant
      lymphoma, poorly differentiated lymphocytic type and mycosis fungoides. Surface
      marker characteristics of cord blood lymphocytes included increased percentages
      of surface IgD on cells bearing surface immunoglobulins and decreased percentages
      of E-rosette-forming cells. The hypothesis that both malignant lymphoma, poorly
      differentiated lymphocytic type and mycosis fungoides represent an arrest in the
      normal lymphocyte maturation sequence is discussed.

PMID- 175218
TI  - Canine chemodectoma (extra-adrenal paragangliomas)--a comparative study.

PMID- 175219
TI  - Canine adenovirus: its role in renal and ocular disease: a review.

PMID- 175220
TI  - Desmoid tumor associated with cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast.
AB  - A case of desmoid tumor of 17 years' duration associated with cystosarcoma
      phyllodes of 17 months' duration is presented. Good initial response to radiation
      therapy of the desmoid tumor was shown. Poor response of cytosarcoma phyllodes to
      radiation therapy was noted. A comparison between the similarities and
      differences of the two tumors is presented.

PMID- 175221
TI  - Viscosity--molecular weight correlations of disiloxanols by 29Si Fourier
      transform nuclear magnetic resonance.

PMID- 175222
TI  - Diagnostic importance of lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in the diagnosis of cholestasis.
AB  - In 317 patients with diseases of the liver and bile tract the authors determined
      LP-X in the serum and the obtained results were compared with the morphological
      findings in liver tissue or intraoperative examination of the extrahepatic bile
      ducts. Int he same patients serum bilirubin, total cholesterol, alkaline
      phosphatase activity, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and leucylaminopeptidase
      activity were determined. In the light of these results the authors believe that
      detection of LP-X in the serum is a sensitive and specific method in the
      diagnosis of cholestasis and that it is of greater usefulness than determination
      of alkaline phosphatase activity. Determinations of other biochemical parameters
      is of small diagnostic importance in these cases.

PMID- 175224
TI  - [Histiocytofibroma. Spontaneous regression, leaving skin atrophy].
AB  - Three cases of histiocytoma with atypical course are described by the authors.
      Two of them dissappeared completely or almost completely leaving a scar where
      some remnants of the original tumor were present. In the third patient the tumor
      grew deeply in the dermis leaving the same atrophic scaring on the surface. By
      palpation the original tumor was also detectable.

PMID- 175223
TI  - [Ultrastructural and cytological study of atypical fibroxanthoma].
AB  - A case of atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin is related. Ulstrastructural
      findings include: fibroblast-like cells, histiocytic-like cells, xanthomatous
      cells, and multinucleated cells. Strikingly similar findings were found by Fu and
      cols. (1975) in four cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The authors
      postulated that both tumours could represent different aspects of a single
      proliferating process.

PMID- 175225
TI  - [Distribution and characteristics of poliovirus strains circulating in Poland in
      1968-1972. II. Genetic characteristics of strains isolated during the 1968
      poliomyelitis epidemic, from sporadic cases and from sewage].

PMID- 175226
TI  - [Adaptation of bovine parainfluenza 3 virus to cells of the chick embryo
      allantoic cavity].

PMID- 175227
TI  - [Adopted children from developing countries].

PMID- 175228
TI  - [Xeroradiography of the neck and of the salivary glands (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper describes the possibilities of xeroradiography in the neck area. 6
      clinical samples demonstrate the usefulness of this method in the diagnosis of
      different disorders of the neck organs. The advantage of xeroradiography is that
      in contrast to conventional x-ray technique all tissue densities are represented
      in a single image. The problems of the different radiation exposure are
      discussed.

PMID- 175229
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis of the auditory pathway using different acoustical evoked
      responses (author's transl)].
AB  - Evoked responses originating from cochlea, brain stem, and cortex are clinically
      used for differential diagnosis of hearing losses. The diagnostic range and the
      reliability of the different ERA methods are discussed. In our clinic brain stem
      potentials recorded by a nonsurgical method have been used as a routine
      audiometric test in more than 900 cases. The procedure has proved to be easier
      than electrocochleography and gives nearly the same information about cochlear
      and middle ear function if there is no VIIIth nerve or lower brain stem damage.
      For topical diagnosis of the lower auditory pathway additional recording of ECoG
      is necessary. In the examination of a cortical deafness the recording of brain
      stem potentials yields the same result as the electrocochleography according to
      Aran (Fig. 2). In a case of an Apallic syndrome (Fig. 3) brain stem potentials
      are found only for high intensity clicks, and latencies are abnormally increased.
      The cochlear potentials simultaneously recorded from the promontory are quite
      normal. So damage of the brain stem is confirmed.

PMID- 175230
TI  - Nicotinic acid reverses fasting ketosis by lowering the level of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 175231
TI  - Specific formation of arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol from 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphorylinositol in rat liver.
AB  - The conversion of 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylinositol-3H into
      phosphatidylinositol-3H was studied using rat liver microsomal and homogenate
      preparations. The nature of the molecular species of phosphatidyl inositol so
      formed in the absence of added acyl moieties was determined after fractionating
      the radioactive product by means of argentation thin layer chromatography. In
      other experiments, the possible specificity of the microsomal acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphorylinositol acyltransferase towards different acyl-CoA
      derivatives was investigated. Maximum conversion of 1-acyl GPI to the diacyl
      analogue was dependent on the addition of adenosine triphosphate and CoA when
      exogensou acyl groups were omitted from the incubation medium. Under these latter
      conditions, the tetraenoic species comprised 56-74% of the total molecular
      species of newly-formed phosphatidylinositol. The microsomal acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphorylinositol acyltransferase showed a marked preference for
      arachidonoyl-CoA. The present results suggest that the enrichment of rat liver
      phosphatidyl inositol in arachidonic acid may arise when 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphorylinositol is acylated to form phosphatidylinositol.

PMID- 175233
TI  - Lung lamellar bodies lack certain key enzymes of phospholipid metabolism.
AB  - Palmitoyl CoA-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, phosphatidate
      phosphohydrolase, and phospholipase A were assayed in subcellular fractions of
      rat lung, including lamellar bodies, the putative site of storage and secretion
      of lung surfactant. The specific activity of each of these enzymes in lamellar
      bodies was relatively low and could be entirely accounted for by a small
      contamination of the lamellar bodies fraction by microsomes, as quantitated by
      the presence of the microsomal marker reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide
      cytochrome c reductase. These data indicate that lamellar bodies are not the site
      of synthesis of the lipid component of pulmonary surfactant by pathways involving
      these enzymes.

PMID- 175232
TI  - Effect of dietary polyunsaturated pork on plasma lipids and sterol excretion in
      man.
AB  - Pork, enriched in linoleic acid content, was compared iwth conventional pork in
      the diet of three human subjects with respect to the plasma cholesterol
      concentration and the excretion in feces of neutral sterols and bile acids. Since
      the fatty acids in pork glyceride have an unusual positional distribution, the
      redistribution that might occur during the absorption and disposition of a fat
      meal was also studied. The plasma cholesterol was lower with polyunsaturated
      pork, the difference, 14 mg/100 ml plasma, being of the order expected from the
      change in polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio. On average, the
      excretion of neutral sterols was 57% greater with polyunsaturated than with
      conventional pork in all three subjects, and in this respect the results
      resembled the findings with polyunsaturated ruminant fats. During the absorption
      of pork fat, the high proportion of palmitate in the 2 position of lard
      triglyceride served as a useful marker, since human triglyceride carries mainly
      unsaturated fatty acids in that position. There were stepwise changes in the
      fatty acid composition at the 2 position of triglyceride as the fat was absorbed,
      transported through, and cleared from plasma, the palmitate being gradually
      replaced by oleate and linoleate. By contrast, the total fatty acid profile in
      the triglyceride changed relatively little, implying selective reacylation with
      palmitate at the 1 and/or 3 position. During the clearing of dietary
      triglyceride, the porcine triglyceride was thus converted to the form occuring in
      humans.

PMID- 175235
TI  - [Development of the skeleton in child. Prerequisites for the assessment of bone
      age and skeletal maturity].

PMID- 175234
TI  - Cholesteryl ester metabolism in tissue culture cells: II. Source of accumulated
      esterified cholesterol in Fu5AH rat hepatoma cells.
AB  - Previous investigations had demonstrated that Fu5AH rat hepatoma cells
      accumulated large quantities of esterified cholesterol when grown in hyperlipemic
      rabbit serum. The present investigation has determined the sources of the
      cellular esterified cholesterol when the cells were grown in hyperlipemic serum.
      Cellular esterification of endogenous and exogenous free cholesterol contributed
      10% and 30%, respectively. The remaining 60% of the accumulated cellular
      esterfied cholesterol was derived from exogenous (serum) cholesteryl esters.
      Evidence for the hydrolysis of a portion of the incorporated esterified
      cholesterol is presented. A stimulation of free cholesterol incorporation and
      cellular esterification is elicited by hyperlipemic serum and serum lipoproteins
      when compared to normolipemic serum present at equivalent exogenous cholesterol
      concentrations. The effect of hyperlipemic serum is reduced by Tween-80 and
      Triton WR-1339. Comparative data on esterified cholesterol accumulation, free
      cholesterol incorporation, and cellular cholesterol esterification in Fu5-5 rat
      hepatoma cells, L-cells, and rabbit aortic medial cells are presented.

PMID- 175236
TI  - [Vertical transmission of Junin virus in a closed colony of mice].

PMID- 175237
TI  - Interaction of glucocorticoid hormones with rat skeletal muscle: catabolic
      effects and hormone binding.
AB  - The mechanism of action of glucocorticoid hormones on rat skeletal muscle was
      studied by following their effect on muscle weight, free amino acid content,
      activity of amino acid-metabolizing enzymes, and binding to cytoplasmic receptor
      proteins. A significant reduction of gastrocnemius muscle and body weight
      occurred following administration of cortisol, triamcinolone diacetate, and
      triamcinolone acetonide to adrenalectomized rats. Treatment with triamcinolone
      diacetate also reduced the level of several free amino acids and enhanced the
      activity of a myofibrillar protease in skeletal muscle. The hormone had, however,
      no effect on the activity of various enzymes involved in amino acid catabolism in
      muscle. In nephrosis, another condition of muscle wasting, the level of several
      muscle amino acids were also reduced to a lesser extent. Cortisol and
      triamcinolone acetonide, both of which induce muscle wasting, were found to bind
      to two distinct cytoplasmic proteins in muscle. Binding of the labeled hormones
      was followed at 0 C and could be observed in presence of a 1000-fold excess of
      the catabolically inactive steroid epicortisol. Binding of 3H-triamcinolone
      acetonide. In vitro competition experiments further suggest a correlation between
      steroid binding to the 3H-dexamethasone or 3H-triamcinolone acetonide site and
      their potency to induce muscle catabolism. It is concluded that skeletal muscle
      is a direct target organ for glucocorticoids, and that muscle responsiveness
      involves binding of the active hormones to cytoplasmic receptor sites.

PMID- 175238
TI  - Steroidogenic responses to varying parenteral routes of administered (alpha 1-18)
      ACTH.
AB  - In healthy human subjects, the steroidogenic responses to a single injection of
      alpha 1-18 ACTH by the subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous (IV) routes
      were assessed by measurement of plasma cortisol levels, 17-hydroxycorticosteroid
      excretion, and cortisol secretion rates. Results showed that regardless of the
      parenteral route used, alpha 1-18 ACTH at doses of 1.0 and 0.5 mg was an
      effective adrenocorticotropic agent; however, with the IV route, the effect was
      considerably prolonged. The patterns of disappearance within the plasma of alpha
      1-18 ACTH and alpha 1-24 ACTH were compared following a single IV injection of
      these compounds labeled with 125I. ALPHa 1-18 acth produced only a slight initial
      rise and a slower decline in plasma radioactivity compared to alpha 1-24 ACTH,
      suggesting slower degradation of alpha 1-18 ACTH. Administered as a single IV
      injection, alpha 1-18 ACTH has a prolonged effect on steroidogenesis and has
      potential for being a useful diagnostic and therapeutic ACTH preparation.

PMID- 175239
TI  - On the lipolytic action of parathyroid hormone in man.
AB  - An investigation was carried out to determine whether bovine PTH stimulates
      lipolysis in human fat tissue, whether this action is mediated by cyclic
      adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate and whether the N-terminal 1-34 peptide of bovine
      PTH is responsible for the lipolytic effect. Studies were also performed to
      determine if parathyroid extract (PTE) produces lipolysis in normal subjects and
      in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism in whom there is a defect in the
      adenylate system in response to PTH in the renal cortex and presumably in the
      skeletal system as well. It was found that highly purified bovine PTH in the
      concentration range between 10(-9) M and 10(-5) M stimulated lipolysis in vitro
      by human fat in a dose-dependent manner. Significant increases in glycerol
      production were observed at concentrations of PTH as low as 10(-9) M and maximal
      increases were seen at 10(-6) M. The hormone significantly increased the
      concentration of cyclic adenosine 3' ,5'-monophosphate in fat tissue. The
      synthetic N-terminal 1-34 peptide of bovine PTH was as effective as the native
      hormone in stimulating glycerol production at a concentration of 10(-9) M-10(-6)
      M. PTE, 100 mU per kg per min for 30 min given intravenously, produced transient
      increases in the concentration of plasma free fatty acid in each of eight normal
      subjects, three patients with hypoparathyroidism and eight patients with
      pseudohypoparathyroidism. Purified bovine PTH also increased plasma free fatty
      acid in each of two normal subjects. It is concluded that PTH stimulates
      lipolysis in human subcutaneous fat, that this action of the hormone is mediated
      through cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate and that the N-terminal 1-34
      peptide portion of the hormone is responsible for this lipolytic action. Further,
      PTE stimulates lipolysis in vivo in man. There appears to be no defect in the
      adenylate cyclase system in the fat cell in response to PTH in patients with
      pseudohypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 175241
TI  - Inhibitory effect of somatostatin on dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced insulin and
      growth hormone release in human subjects.
AB  - The effect of somatostatin on the responses of blood glucose, plasma
      immunoreactive insulin (IRI), growth hormone (GH), and free fatty acids (FFA) to
      the injection of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBC) was studied in six normal volunteers.
      DBC, when injected alone, induced a rapid increase in blood glucose and plasma
      IRI levels, while GH concentrations showed a less marked and more delayed
      increase and plasma FFA showed a clear downtrend. Somatostatin infusion
      suppressed the GH and IRI release induced by DBC, potentiated its hyperglycemic
      effect and changed the pattern of FFA. These results suggest that somatostatin
      inhibits hormone secretion distal to the generation of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 175240
TI  - Alterations in levels and interrelations of plasma apolipoproteins induced by
      diet.
AB  - Diets high in carbohydrates increase the rates of hepatic secretion of VLDL in
      man. VLDL particles are secreted in greater numbers; they also tend to contain
      more triglycerides and to be larger in size. Comparable changes in intestinal
      secretion of chylomicrons and VLDL accompany fat absorption. We studied the
      metabolism of the ApoC apoproteins under these circumstances because in vitro
      studies suggest that these apoproteins may play important roles in the catabolism
      of VLDL. ApoA-I and ApoB were also examined because of their importance in HDL
      and VLDL structure, respectively. The fasting plasmas of 16 normolipemic young
      adults were examined before and after they had been fed high carbohydrate diets
      for 4-5 days. ApoA-I and ApoB were measured by radioimmunoassay. The relative
      proportions of ApoC-II and ApoC-III in VLDL were determined by disc gel
      electrophoresis. Lipids in plasma and in individual lipoproteins were determined
      chemically. Lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugal and precipitation
      methods. VLDL-TG and VLDL-chol and VLDL-protein rose by factors of 2.4, 1.67, and
      1.88, respectively. (Final value divided by initial value.) Since TG rose more
      than the others, VLDL became enriched by TG. LDL-chol fell by a factor of 0.78
      while LDL-TG and LDL-ApoB remained constant, i.e., LDL became relatively enriched
      in TG and ApoB. HDL-TG rose by 1.42 and HDL-chol fell by 0.74, i.e., HDL too
      became TG enriched. Plasma Apo-A-I fell by 0.84. Thus, there were alterations in
      both the levels and compositions of all lipoproteins. The proportion of ApoC-II
      relative to ApoC-III in VLDL increased in each subject on the carbohydrate diet
      (mean rise was 1.55-fold). The increases in ApoC were detectable after as little
      as 48 hr of diet, and the same results were obtained in two people who were each
      tested twice on two separate occasions several months apart. Thus, the changes in
      ApoC were reproducible. Proportions of ApoC-II were greater in SF greater than
      400 than in SF 20-400 subfractions of VLDL on ad lib diets. Proportions of ApoC
      II rose in both density subfractions on carbohydrate diets. The changes in both
      subfractions suggest that rises of ApoC-II in total VLDL (SF greater than 20)
      fraction were not due solely to the accumulation of SF greater than 400 particles
      of unaltered ApoC composition in postdiet plasma. The changes following
      carbohydrate could have been due to secretion of altered lipoproteins or due to
      diet induced alterations in apoprotein catabolism. Three subjects were given 150
      gm of corn oil to drink. Lipoproteins were analyzed, as above, at 0 and 3-12 hr
      after the drink. In spite of several-fold rises in the SF greater than 20 TG and
      proteins, the relative proportions of ApoC-II and ApoC-III remained constant.
      Thus, an acute dietary fat load and 2-4 days of carbohydrate diets provoked
      different responses. The fluctuations in the levels and relative proportions of
      ApoC support the notion that the ApoC group may have importance in vivo in the
      metabolism of VLDL.

PMID- 175242
TI  - Pituitary regulation of human growth hormone binding sites in rat liver
      membranes.
AB  - We have studied the binding of 125I-human growth hormone (hGH) to crude 100,000 X
      g membrane preparations from rat liver, and have studied factors which might
      regulate the capacity and affinity of hGH binding sites. Membrane preparations
      have livers of pregnant rats bound between 8% and 18% of the 125I-hGH initially
      added, and 70%-80% of that bound was displaced by 1 mug of unlabeled hGH. Humans
      prolactin (hPrl) displaced 125 I-hGH in a manner parallel to hGH itself but with
      about one-third the potency. Ovine, porcine, and rat Prl, and rat and bovine GH
      were much less effective. Scatchard analysis of specific hGH binding by a variety
      of different rat liver membrane preparations revealed a single order of binding
      site in each case with a  binding affinity of 0.93-1.62 X 10(-9) M-1. Membranes
      from pregnant rats had twice the binding capacity of membranes from nonpregnant
      female rats, and about six times the capacity of sites present in preparations
      from normal adult male rats and hypophysectomized (Hx) male or female rats.
      Female or male rats with extremely high circulating GH an Prl levels, due to the
      presence of transplantable GH/Prl secreting pituitary tumors showed a
      significantly greater binding capacity than did the pregnant rats. Estradiol (E2)
      treatment (25 mug/day for 10-12 days) of normal male rats led to an increase in
      specific hGH binding. Treatment of hypophysectomized male rats with bovine GH
      (100 or 500 mug/day) +/- E2 (25 mug/day) for 5-10 days stimulated both body
      weight gain and the incorporation of sulfate by cartilage from the treated rats,
      but no significant increase was observed in the characteristics of 125I-hGH
      binding. These results indicate that high levels of E2, GH, and/or Prl play an
      important role in the regulation of hGH binding sites in rat liver membranes. The
      restoration of binding sites in liver from hypophysectomized rats, however,
      apparently requires additional factors which are as yet unidentified. The role of
      the hGH binding sites in the physiologic actions of GH also remains to be
      determined.

PMID- 175243
TI  - The isolation and culture of capillary endothelium from epididymal fat.

PMID- 175244
TI  - [Effect of endogenous respiration of Candida mycoderma on the operation of the
      cytochrome system and the oxidation of glucose, ethanol and acids of the Krebs
      cycle].
AB  - The kinetics of oxidation of glucose, ethanol, and acids of the Krebs cycle was
      studied in resting cells of Candida mycoderma which differed by the level of
      endogenous respiration (ER). The cells with ER close to zero oxidized glucose and
      ethanol almost at once and at a high rate. During oxidation of succinic or other
      acids of the Krebs cycle, QO2 was maximal only after a long period of adaptation
      (tad); a latent period (tlat) was observed sometimes during which assimilation of
      oxygen was either insignificant or not detected at all. The values of tad and
      tlat were much lower in the cells with high ER or upon preliminary introduction
      of small amounts of easily oxidized substrates (e. g. glucose or ethanol). During
      oxidation of succinate (citrate, malate or alpha-ketoglutarate) by the cells with
      ER close to zero, reduction of cytochrome c takes place only some time after the
      beginning of oxygen uptake. Such a delay suggests that oxidation of
      aforementioned substrates is initiated by some other electron carriers rather
      than by the cytochrome system.

PMID- 175245
TI  - [Study of the effect of nitrofurans on NAD-dependent dehydrogenases of
      Staphylococcus aureus].

PMID- 175246
TI  - [Study of the cancerogenic effect of extracts from grain affected by Fusarium
      sporotrichiella].

PMID- 175247
TI  - [Reproduction of enteroviruses and membrane potential of the affected cell].

PMID- 175248
TI  - [Effect of direct sunbeams on spores of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium
      perfringens of the types A].

PMID- 175249
TI  - [Reduction of virulence by dichloroisocyanuric acid sodium salt and detergent
      compositions on its base with reference to enteroviruses].

PMID- 175250
TI  - [Antibacterial properties of the new unwoven band material biocell-NFA].

PMID- 175251
TI  - [Isolation of enteroviruses from the surface of vegetables and fruit].

PMID- 175252
TI  - [Cytopathogenic changes in cell cultures under the effect of avian
      laryngotracheitis virus].

PMID- 175253
TI  - [Sensitivity of enteroviruses to chlorinated trisodium phosphate and detergent
      compositions on its base].

PMID- 175254
TI  - [Virulence of E. histolytics strains and its modification in the process of
      cultivation].

PMID- 175256
TI  - Two primary intracranial tumors of different histological type. Report of a case
      with both a glioblastoma and a meningioma.

PMID- 175255
TI  - [Morphological aspects of parasite-host interactions in experimental
      leishmaniasis in hamsters].

PMID- 175257
TI  - [Hypoglycemic syndromes].

PMID- 175258
TI  - Specificity of the stimulation of in vitro ribonucleic acid synthesis by
      guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate.
AB  - The in vitro synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) by S-30 extracts of Escherichia
      coli K-12 is stimulated from two-to fourfold by 0.16 mM to 0.32 mM guanosine 5'
      diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) when either gammacI857St68h80 deoxyribonucleic
      acid (gammah80 DNA), gammah80dilv DNA or gammah80dlac DNA are employed as
      templates. Hybridization analysis of the 3H-RNA product transcribed from
      gammah80dilv DNA in the presence of ppGpp indicates that both bacteriophage- and
      bacterial-specific transcription is stimulated to an equivalent degree. In the
      absence of cyclic 3'-5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP), correct lac
      specifci RNA synthesis from gammah80dlac DNA is not stimulated by 0.32 mM ppGpp
      although total RNA synthesis is increased nearly twofold. In the presence of 0.5
      mM cyclic AMP, correct lacspecific RNA synthesis is stimulated preferentially by
      ppGpp. These data suggest that ppGpp is capable of stimulating in vitro
      transcription in both a general and selective manner.

PMID- 175259
TI  - DNA-cellulose column chromatography of phosphorylated nucleolar nonhistone
      proteins.
AB  - A salt-extraction procedure was used to isolate a nucleolar nonhistone protein
      fraction, containing [32P]phosphoserine, from the nucleoli of Novikoff hepatoma
      ascites cells. These proteins are similar in amino-acid composition to whole
      nuclear (chromosomal) nonhistone proteins. DNA-cellulose column chromatography
      showed that this fraction contains DNA-binding phosphoproteins, some of which
      will bind only to homologous (Novikoff) nucleolar or nuclear DNA.

PMID- 175260
TI  - Cucumber mosaic virus RNA contains 7-methyl guanosine at the 5'-terminus of all
      four RNA species.
AB  - Purified cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNA was reacted with NaIO4 and then [3H]KBH4
      to label ends containing exposed 2',3'-hydroxyls. The four major RNA species were
      then fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis of digests of
      these RNAs by ribonucleases T1 plus T2, alkaline phosphatease, snake venom
      diesterase and nucleotide pyrophosphatase by means of paper electrophoresis and
      ion-exchange chromatography indicated that the sequence m7G(5')ppp(5')N was
      present at the 5'-end of 75-92% of all RNA molecules. In addition, about 90% of
      the 3'-ends terminated in either adenosine or cytidine.

PMID- 175262
TI  - [Study of the conformational changes of serum albumin molecules within a pre
      denaturation temperature range by a spin probe technique].
AB  - To study conformational changes of protein molecules in a pre-denaturation
      temperature range, nitroxyl radicals adsorbed by a protein are suggested to be
      used. A spin probe technique is specially developed to be implied for this aim by
      using a probe specifically bound to the bovine serum albumin molecule, it was
      possible to reveal a dependence of the rotation correlation time of the adsorbed
      radical and the environment polarity on the temperature. The data obtained
      testify in favour of a change occurring in the intramolecular structure of the
      protein under study due to a temperature change within the pre-denaturation
      temperature range.

PMID- 175263
TI  - [Selected carboxymethylation of ferri-hemoglobin from insect larvae Chironomus
      thummi thummi].
AB  - Specific modification of the monomeric fraction III of ferri-hemoglobin from
      insect larvae Chironomus thummi thummi (Hb CTT) was studied on histidyl residues
      His-G19 (pK 4,8), His-E5 (pK 7,3) and Met-H22 at different pH using iodacetamide
      and spin label 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-bromacethyl-piperidin-1-oxyl, an analogue of
      bromacetate. The analysis of the products of carboxymethylation (CM) showed that
      at pH 5,0 two products of modification CM-(His-G19)-Hb CTT, and CM-(Met-H22)-Hb
      CTT were obtained. In the case of modification at pH 7,2 with a spin label
      dicarboxymethylatid product CM-(His-G19)-CM (His-E5)-Hb CTT is obtained. In all
      products the degree of modification was one spin label per mole protein. Based on
      the data on the primery and tertiary structures Hb CTT and the results of the
      investigation, different reactivity of His-G19 and His-E5, as well as the cause
      of the absence of the product of carboxymethylation on His-G2 have been
      discussed. By analizing the absorption spectra of carboxymethylated derivatives
      of hemoglobin in the ultraviolet and visible region, as well as from the pH
      dependence curves of the absorption at Soret band in the interval pH 5,5-11,5 it
      has been shown that carboxymethylation of His-G19 and His E5 is not accompanied
      by any substantial disturbance of the structures of aquous-complexes Hb CTT.
      Modification of Met-H22 leads to strong changes in the absorption spectrum and to
      the absence of pH dependence of the absorption at Soret band, which indicates a
      change in the aquous-complexes Hb CTT structure.

PMID- 175264
TI  - [Specific modification of phenylalanine:tRNA-ligases of E. coli MRE-600 with N
      chlorambucilyl-14c-phenylalanyl-tRNA].
AB  - N-Chlorambucilyl-[14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA was used for the affinity modification of
      phenylalanine : tRNA-ligase from E. coli MRE-600. It has been found that N
      chlorambucilyl-[14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA selectively inactivates phenylalanine :
      tRNA-lagase that results in formation of a covalent bond between the tRNA
      derivative and the enzyme at pH 5.8, 25 degrees C. The rate fall of the
      aminoacylation of tRNA with [14C]phenylalanine was observed after the enzyme
      incubation with N-chlorambucilyl-[14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA at pH 7.5, 25 degrees C.
      It has been shown that this modification results in a similar rate decrease of
      tRNA aminoacylation with [14C]phenylalanine, ATP-[32P]pyrophosphate exchange and
      reaction of the enzymatic deacylation of [14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA. This fact
      evidences in favour of the possibility of the alkylation to proceed in the
      proximity of the active centre of the enzyme. The covalent complex obtained seems
      to be an interesting model for the studies of the mechanisms involved in tRNA
      aminoacylation as well as for elucidation of the tertiary structure of tRNA bound
      with the enzyme.

PMID- 175265
TI  - [MS2 RNA hydrolysis by snake venom phosphodiesterase and template properties of
      RNA produced by limited exonucleolytic action].
AB  - The action of snake venom phosphodiesterase on bacteriophage MS2 RNA under
      conditions of limited hydrolysis has been studied. The content of 5'
      mononucleotides released during hydrolysis does not correspond to the calculated
      one based on the 3'-terminal nucleotide sequence of MS2 RNA. This finding
      suggests the occurrence of endonucleolytic splits in MS2 RNA with concomitant
      exonucleolytic digestion of some newly formed fragments. A high molecular weight
      RNA fraction, comprising unfragmented MS2 RNA with about 5-63'-terminal
      nucleotides removed is separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and shown not
      to differ from the native MS2 RNA in its template function in a cell-free protein
      synthesizing system. It is demonstrated that template activity, polarity of
      translation, and nascent peptide chain termination on the MS2 replicase cistron
      are not affected by the removal of 3'terminal nucleotides of MS2 RNA.
      Consequently, these nucleotides are unessential in translation of native MS2 RNA.

PMID- 175266
TI  - Paget's disease of the breast.
AB  - Criteria of the morphological diagnosis as well as the histogenesis of the
      lesions in Paget's disease are presented; the authors claim that the initial
      lesion occurs in the lactiferous ducts, the skin being secondarily involved.
      Likewise, the dyskeratotic lesions are considered as secondary to the neoplastic
      process, either by neoplastic induction or by mobilization and proliferation of
      cancerous cells from lactiferous ducts. The utility of biopsies in all cases of
      nipple eczema, and of the histologic investigation of the profound tissues is
      pointed out. In this way the canalicular starting point in the vicinity of the
      nipple can be noticed.

PMID- 175267
TI  - [Effects of partial hepatectomy on the adrenal glands. Note II.
      Histoenzymological modifications].

PMID- 175269
TI  - Studies on chemically induced dominant lethality. I. The cytogenetic basis of MMS
      induced dominant lethality in post-meiotic male germ cells.
AB  - Young adult male mice were injected intravenously with doses of methyl
      methanesulfonate(MMS) ranging from 25 to 100 mg/kg body weight. These males were
      serially mated to superovulated females from day 1 post injection to day 23 post
      injection. The morning after mating (about 4-6 h post-copulation) the females
      were sacrificed and ova flushed from the ampulla. The ova were cultured, in the
      presence of colchicine, for 26 h and metaphase preparations made of the first
      cleavage division. Chromosome analysis was done and the types, and extent, of
      chromosome aberrations correlated to previously published dominant lethal data at
      the same MMS doses and time intervals. The types of aberrations seen were
      predominantly double fragments (presumably isochromatid deletions), chromatid
      interchanges, and some chromatid deletions, as well as shattering effect on the
      male complement at the highest dose and the time of peak sensitivity to dominant
      lethal induction. When the frequency of cells containing a cytologically visible
      aberration is compared to the total dominant lethal data an excellent correlation
      is obtained. Furthermore, the frequency of highly damaged cells, agrees very well
      with estimated frequencies of preimplantation loss. These data strongly suggest
      that chromosome aberrations seen at the first cleavage stage are the basis of MMS
      induced dominant lethality.

PMID- 175268
TI  - Comparative mutagenic effects of ethyl methane-sulfonate, n-methyl-n'-nitro-n
      nitrosoguanidine, ultraviolet radiation and caffeine on Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - A high frequency of morphogenetic mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum can be
      induced by treatment with MNNG under conditions which result in relatively low
      cell killing. Six temperature-sensitive growth mutants induced by this treatment
      were isolated by replica plating. Among these, five showed spontaneous reversion
      rates of 10(-4) to 10(-5). The mutagenic activity of ems, measured for the
      induction of both morphogenetic and temperature-sensitive mutants, was weaker
      than that of MNNG and UV radiation. High frequencies of morphogenetic mutants
      were obtained only with doses of UV irradiation that resulted in high killing of
      cells or spores. Caffeine, at concentrations that slightly decreased the growth
      rate of amoebae in axenic medium, induced morphogenetic defects and also enhanced
      the mutagenic effect of UV irradiation. However, all the aggregateless clones
      derived from caffeine treatment that were studied reverted to the wild-type
      phenotype after a variable number of clonal re-isolations.

PMID- 175270
TI  - Chemical induction of presumed dominant-lethal mutations in postcopulation germ
      cells and zygotes of mice. II. Sensitivity of different postcopulation
      precleavage stages to three alkylating chemicals.
AB  - The relative sensitivities of various postcopulation-precleabage and pronuclear
      stages to dominant-lethal effects of isopropyl methanesulfonate (IMS), ethyl
      methanesulfonate (EMS), and triethylenemelamine (TEM) were investigated. The
      pattern of sensitivity differed with the chemical. IMS was most effective when
      pronuclear formation was already completed and the majority of the zygotes were
      presumably undergoing DNA synthesis. EMS, on the other hand, induced its most
      pronounced effects when eggs in the course of second meiotic division and zygotes
      in early pronuclear stages were treated. The greatest effect of TEM was observed
      when zygotes were treated at the early pronuclear stage. EMS and TEM, in contrast
      to IMS, are similar to radiations in that zygotes undergoing DNA synthesis are
      more resistant to them than are the early pronuclear stages. In the case of IMS,
      effects induced in the most sensitive postcopulation-precleavage stage were 6 to
      9 times greater than in the most sensitive precopulatory dictyate oocytes or male
      germ cells. On the other hand, in the case of EMS and TEM, the most sensitive
      precopulatory male germ cells, but not the dictyate oocytes, were more sensitive
      than the most sensitive postcopulation stages.

PMID- 175272
TI  - Letter: Loss of nerve conduction in heat stroke.

PMID- 175271
TI  - Inadequate parathyroid response in acute pancreatitis.
AB  - We studied nine consecutive hypocalcemic patients with acute pancreatitis to
      elucidate the mechanism of hypocalcemia. Mean serum ionized calcium, 0.97 mM, was
      below the normal mean of 1.16 mM (P less than 0.001). Seven of eight patients
      tested had normal parathyroid hormone levels. All responded to parenteral
      parathyroid extract by increasing serum ionized calcium and urinary cyclic AMP,
      indicating parathyroid-hormone-responsive target organs. Calcitonin and glucagon
      concentrations were increased above normal in some patients, but there was no
      relation with serum ionized calcium. Parenteral glucagon had no significant
      effect on serum ionized calcium or calcitonin concentrations. These findings
      suggest that neither glucagon nor calcitonin was primarily responsible for the
      hypocalcemia, which did not produce expected increases in serum parathyroid
      hormone concentrations. Relative parathyroid insufficiency may account for the
      persistent hypocalcemia frequently observed in patients with acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 175273
TI  - Editorial: The role of C-type and other oncogenic virus particles in cancer and
      leukemia.

PMID- 175274
TI  - Current concepts in genetics. The genetic hyperlipidemias.

PMID- 175275
TI  - Letter: Narcolepsy: REM sleep suppression by L-dopa.

PMID- 175277
TI  - Management of ovarian carcinoma. Current concepts and future prospects.

PMID- 175276
TI  - Transiently reduced activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase and ornithine
      transcarbamylase in liver of children with Reye's syndrome.
AB  - Since Reye's syndrome is associated with hyperammonemia, we measured the urea
      cycle enzymes in hepatic tissue of 13 patients. Expressed as nanomoles of
      citrulline per milligram of hepatic protein per minute, mean activity of carbamyl
      phosphate synthetase (6.27 +/- 2.45 S.D.) and ornithine transcarbamylase (136.19
      +/- 41.83) in Reye's syndrome was reduced significantly (P less than 0.005) when
      compared with that of 25 "normal" controls (11.54 +/- 4.24 and 307.49 +/- 94.15,
      respectively). Activity was maximally reduced during the first days of clinical
      symptoms; it returned toward normal during the following week regardless of
      whether the disease ended in death or recovery. The activity of the two enzymes
      was normal in patients with salicylate intoxication or heritable argininosuccinic
      acid synthetase deficiency. The apparent Km of hepatic ornithine transcarbamylase
      for ornithine was in the normal range in patients with Reye's syndrome (mean 0.24
      mM). These observations indicate that Reye's syndrome is associated with acquired
      and transient dysfunction of hepatic mitochondrial urea-cycle enzymes.

PMID- 175278
TI  - Impaired acquisition of a passive avoidance response after lesions induced in the
      locus coeruleus by 6-OH-dopamine.

PMID- 175279
TI  - Vertical transmission of tumour resistance in guinea pigs.

PMID- 175280
TI  - Inhibitory effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline on the aggregation of
      human brest tumour cell line BT-20.

PMID- 175281
TI  - Interaction of tryptophan transfer RNA with Rous sarcoma virus 35S RNA.

PMID- 175282
TI  - Decreased resistance in some heterozygotes in H-2 linked immune response to
      polyoma-induced tumour.

PMID- 175283
TI  - Sprouting of synapses after partial denervation of frag cardic ganglion.

PMID- 175284
TI  - Increased cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in leukaemic lymphocytes.

PMID- 175285
TI  - Letter: How specific are nuclear 'receptors' for thyroid hormones?

PMID- 175286
TI  - Receptor-binding region of insulin.
AB  - X-ray analysis, circular dichroism, receptor binding and biological potencies of
      chemically modified insulins suggest that the conformation of the insulin
      molecule is critical to the formation of both the zinc insulin hexamer and the
      insulin-receptor complex. Results are consistent with an insulin receptor-binding
      region including many of the hydrophobic residues important to dimerisation in
      addition to more polar surface residues. There is a further possibility of
      formation of an antiparallel sheet structure between the insulin and receptor
      molecules in the complex similar to that between monomers in the insulin dimer.

PMID- 175287
TI  - Lithium inhibition of adrenaline-stimulated adenylate cyclase in humans.

PMID- 175288
TI  - New structural characteristic of the large glycopeptides from transformed cells.

PMID- 175289
TI  - Construction of infectious polyoma hybrid genomes in vitro.

PMID- 175290
TI  - Cell density dependence of oscillatory metabolism.

PMID- 175291
TI  - Herpes simplex virus infection stops spontaneous beating of chick heart cells.

PMID- 175292
TI  - Unrelated animal viruses share receptors.

PMID- 175293
TI  - Magnitude and significance of NAD turnover in human cell line D98/AH2.

PMID- 175294
TI  - Translation of oncogenic virus RNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

PMID- 175295
TI  - ESR studies of cigarette tobacco, smoke, and ashes.

PMID- 175296
TI  - Catecholamine-induced cyclic AMP and morphologic alteration in glioma cells.

PMID- 175297
TI  - [Topochemistry of hormone action].
AB  - The site of hormone action is the cells of target tissues. Now that
      ultrastructural research has revealed the complexity of eukaryotic cells, we must
      ask which cellular structures are involved. Some hormones act at the cell
      membrane, mainly via adenylate cyclase and the "second messenger" cAMP. The
      cytosol and the mitochondria, the main sites of intermediate metabolism and
      enzyme activity, are apparently not involved, although in the past interaction of
      hormones with enzymes has been postulated. Most of the steroid hormones act at
      the level of the cell nucleus, regulating transcription of specific genes and
      inducing enzymes or other proteins. The mechanisms by means of which this
      regulation is achieved are not fully understood, but it is likely that
      derepression is involved. The active agent seems to be a complex of the hormone
      with a receptor protein.

PMID- 175298
TI  - Human liver glucocorticoid receptors are similar to those in rat liver.

PMID- 175299
TI  - [Glomus tumors].

PMID- 175300
TI  - [2 families with glomus tumors].

PMID- 175301
TI  - [Cutaneous amebiases (stimulating pyoderma gangrenosum in ulcerative colitis)].

PMID- 175302
TI  - Neoplastic transformation of mouse embryo cells by virus released from
      tumorigenic mouse cells transformed by avian sarcoma virus B77.
AB  - Mouse C3H embryo cells were transformed in vitro by avian sarcoma virus
      Bratislava 77 (B77) released scantily from a mouse cell line transformed earlier
      by the same virus. B77 virus transformed C3H embryo cells contained B77 viral
      genome and were transplantable into syngeneic as well as allogeneic DBA/2J young
      mice in which autochthonous sarcomas were induced. Tumors in both strains of mice
      were virogenic. The probable reasons for an increased transformation capacity of
      B77 virus in mammals are discussed.

PMID- 175303
TI  - Viruses harboured in blasts of the rat myelogenous leukemia (RBA-Le), induced by
      chicken sarcoma virus.
AB  - It was shown that the rat myelogenous leukemia RBA-Le harbours three kinds of
      viruses. 1. Rat leukemogenic virus, which can be recovered from leukemic cells,
      medium of cultured leukemic cells and the plasma of leukemic rats. About 12% of
      rats inoculated when newborn with the recovered virus developed leukemia. 2.
      Chicken sarcoma virus, which seems to have a lowered infectivity or altered host
      range as the B77(RBI) virus by which this leukemia had been induced. 3. A
      cytopathic, hemagglutinating virus, very pathogenic for baby rats, which was
      shown to be closely related, if not identical in biological as well as
      immunological properties with Kilham rat virus. The RBA-Le leukemic cells were
      adapted for growth in tissue culture.

PMID- 175304
TI  - [Concentration of mono-, di- and triphosphoinositides in the brains of different
      aged rats].

PMID- 175305
TI  - [The mechanism of pessimum at the myoneural junction].

PMID- 175306
TI  - [An electrophysiologic and electron-microscopic study of the electrical
      connection between the giant nerve cells of the leech Hirudo medicinalis].

PMID- 175307
TI  - Inhibition by somatostatin of tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion in a patient
      with an insulinoma.

PMID- 175308
TI  - Virus infections and acute renal transplant rejection.
AB  - The date of onset of 360 acute renal transplant rejection episodes from 1969 to
      1973 have been compared with the prevalence of various common viral infections
      and infections due to Mycoplasma pnuemoniae. A positive correlation was found for
      influenza B infections (r=0.43, p less than 0.01) up to 5 months before
      transplantation and for adenovirus infections (r=0.32, p less than 0.05) at 1
      month before kidney grafting.

PMID- 175309
TI  - Ganser state (syndrome): an unusual presentation of a space occupying lesion of
      the dominant hemisphere.

PMID- 175310
TI  - Neurological aspects of nasopharyngeal tumours.

PMID- 175312
TI  - Glucocorticoid binding to adenohypophysis receptors and its physiological role.
AB  - The binding characteristics of glucocorticoids to cytoplasmic and nuclear
      fractions of the adenohypophysis were determined and an attempt was made to
      correlate steroid uptake with physiological action. Binding was of high affinity
      and exhibited a limited number of acceptor sites for dexamethasone (Dx). It was
      shown that the steroid-receptor complex dissociated rapidly at 37 degree C, but
      was stable at low temperatures. An inverse relationship was detected between the
      plasma corticosterone (B) titer and the capacity of receptors to combine 3h-Dx.
      Shortly after stress or injection of physiological doses of B,50 to 70% of the
      acceptor sites were saturated. Progressive desaturation of the occupied receptors
      appeared to depend upon time and the plasma B concentration. Some evidence was
      also provided supporting a possible correlation between the extent of Dx
      inhibition of in vitro ACTH secretion and the degree of binding sites' occupancy.
      These results suggest that glucocorticoid binding to pituitary receptors may be
      correlated with the physiological action of the steroids on ACTH release.

PMID- 175311
TI  - [Laser applications in neurosurgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 175313
TI  - Subcortical pathways involved in the mediation of andrenocortical responses
      following sciatic nerve stimulation.
AB  - Previous experiments from this laboratory using the hypothalamic island have
      demonstrated that the adrenocortical discharge following sciatic nerve
      stimulation is mediated by neural pathways only. With the purpose of identifying
      the neural structures involved, this response was studied in rats with bilateral
      lesions in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), mammillary peduncle (MP),
      fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (FLD), midbrain reticular formation MRF) and
      the medial geniculate body (GM). Lesions in the MFB, MP and MRF have inhibited
      the adrenocortical response following sciatic nerve stimulation. These and other
      data indicate that the above structures are involved in the mediation of this
      response and that the afferent pathway enters the mediobasal hypothalamus
      anteriorly.

PMID- 175314
TI  - The use of steroids in the treatment of idiopathic polyneuritis.
AB  - The efficacy of steroids in the treatment of acute idiopathic polyneuritis
      (Guillain-Barre syndrome) continues to be uncertain. Since 1965, 38 patients with
      idiopathic polyneuritis have been at the University of Kentucky Medical Center,
      and 16 of them were entered in a prospective double blind study designed to
      assess the effectiveness of steroid therapy. Seriously ill patients were excluded
      from the study and most of them received steroids. In both the double-blind group
      and the entire group of patients, the time from the onset of illness to recovery
      was significantly less in patients treated with steroids, although steroids did
      not alter the initial severity of illness or the duration of hospitalization.

PMID- 175315
TI  - Glue sniffer's neuropathy.
AB  - Progressive sensorimotor neuropathy developed in two patients exposed to
      prolonged (chronic) inhalation of n-hexane (glue sniffing). Sural nerve biopsies
      showed loss of axons; remaining axons were either normal or showed accumulation
      of filaments of 90 to 100 A thick, widened nodes of Ranvier, and focal
      enlargements. The muscle biopsy revealed neurogenic atrophy. Intramuscular nerve
      twigs and end-plates, studied in one patient, showed loss of axons and nerve
      terminals. Unmyelinated axons also showed accululation of 60 to 100 A thick
      filaments. The similarities between the pathologic findings in the peripheral
      nerve of these patients and those with acrylamide neuropathy suggest that the n
      hexane inhalation produces a dying back neuropathy.

PMID- 175316
TI  - Case for diagnosis: Paget's disease of the male nipple.

PMID- 175317
TI  - Targets of endotoxin action.

PMID- 175318
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinemia and diabetes].

PMID- 175319
TI  - Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and chronic pulmonary disease.

PMID- 175320
TI  - Unilateral lutein cyst in pregnancy.

PMID- 175321
TI  - Initiation of labor by intraamniotic cortisol instillation in prolonged human
      pregnancy.
AB  - The fetal adrenal cortex has recently been implicated in the etiology of
      postmaturity on the basis of low cortisol levels found in the plasma of
      postmature neonates. These findings suggested that labor could be initiated in
      prolonged pregnancy by iatrogenic elevation of fetal plasma cortisol. In the
      current investigation designed to test this hypothesis, 500 mg of hydrocortisone
      sodium succinate, dissolved in the accompanying diluent of bacteriostatic water
      to form 4 ml of solution, was injected intraamniotically in 10 patients with
      unfavorable cervices who were 12 or more days past their expected date of
      confinement. Nine similar patients serving as controls received 4 ml of
      bacteriostatic water intraamniotically. All patients were followed with daily
      determinations of urinary estriol. Eight of the 10 patients who received cortisol
      went into labor within 120 hours of instillation, as compared with 2 of the 9
      patients in the control group. Comparison of the two groups revealed a
      significant difference (p less than 0.01). The mean instillation-labor time for
      the cortisol group was 86 hours compared with 228 hours in the control group.
      This difference was also significant (p less than 0.001). Urinary estriol
      excretion declined sequentially following cortisol but not after infusion of
      water. These findings are consistent with the hypotheses that a) spontaneous
      labor in the human may be preceded by a sudden rise in fetal plasma cortisol, as
      in the sheep; b) the fetal pituitary-hypothalamic axis is responsive to cortisol,
      hence the falling estriol excretion; and c) ACTH may be the tropic hormone for
      the provisional zone of the fetal adrenal cortex.

PMID- 175322
TI  - Hydatidiform mole: a vascular congenital anomaly.
AB  - The thesis is advanced that a critical time for development of embryonic blood
      vessels in the placenta is 13 to 21 days after conception, especially during days
      18 to 21. Dietary requirements at this time are specific and demanding for
      nutritional precursors of thymidine which is an important constituent of DNA.
      Folic acid and histidine are specifically essential for thymidine synthesis.
      These are reviewed with respect to cultures and socioeconomon levels in societies
      where occurrence of hydatidiform mole is endemic. Specific nutritional
      deficiencies are discussed in relation to kinds of diets and ways of food
      preparation. When specific dietary requirements are lacking at a time of high
      need, embryo death, abnormality, and/or avascularity of trophoblastic placental
      villi may be the earliest pathogenic signs of hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 175323
TI  - Letter: Hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 175324
TI  - Pulsatile gonadotropin output in menstrual dysfunction.
AB  - Patterns of gonadotorpin output were studied in normal individuals and in
      patients with menstrual dysfunction by radioimmunoassay measurement of LH and FSH
      output in samples taken every 20 minutes for 6-8 hours, and following
      administration of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LRH).
      Follicular phase LH pulses occurred every 1-2 hours, whereas those in the luteal
      phase occurred less frequently and with higher amplitude. FSH output was
      irregular, and had no correlation with LH dynamics. In anorixia nervosa,
      pulsatile LH activity was minimal, and the response to LRH variable, correlating
      somewhat with the clinical status of the patient. Pulsatile LH activity was
      observed in patients with postpill and postpartum amenorrhea, and also in one
      individual with a probable prolactin-producing pituitary tumor. Patients with
      polycystic ovarian disease had obvious LH pulsatile activity, with a greater
      amplitude and frequency than seen in the luteal phase, and a decrease in
      percentage increment, suggesting some difference in the hypothalamic-pituitary
      control mechanisms under these conditions. The character and pattern of the LH
      pulsatile activity does vary with different forms of menstrual dysfunction and
      may be predictive of the LRH response when considered in relation to the LH
      baseline values. Pulsatile LH activity, analyzed in conjunction with response
      patterns following LRH stimulation, may reflect the degree of hypothalamic
      dysfunction.

PMID- 175325
TI  - Insulinoma in a pregnant woman.
AB  - The case of a 37-year-old primigravida suffering from severe hypoglycemia due to
      insulinoma is reported. Diagnosis was established on clinical grounds by
      assessment of inappropriate insulin release. Laparotomy was performed by the 12th
      gestational week. A wide distal pancreatectomy was carried out, and
      histopathologic study proved the existence of multiple islet cell adenomatosis.
      Glycemic levels and insulin secretion returned to normal immediately after
      surgery. The course of pregnancy was unhampered, judged by clinical criteria and
      by serial estimations of human chorionic somatomammotropin levels before and
      after removal of the insulin-producing tumor. A normal female infant was
      delivered at term, and no histopatholgic changes were detected in the placenta.
      After 1 year, clinical and analytical evaluation of both mother and child was
      normal.

PMID- 175326
TI  - Ergonomics study shows effect of full-body suit on energy use.
AB  - It stands to reason that a full-body protective suit has an impact on the
      worker's body. It has weight, it does restrict movement to an extent. It's not
      like wearing a sport shirt. But, how much of an impact and what kind; how much of
      an energy drain is it? This ergonomic study addresses itself to the energy
      expenditure from wearing such a suit. The study reveals that the energy
      requirements in workers undergoing light to moderate exercise do increase. In
      some cases, the increase may be marked, with the physiological work level going
      from light to moderate to heavy. This work-level jump isn't always detectable by
      monitoring pulse rate alone. It's also reflected by an increase in minute
      ventilation and oxygen consumption. One tentative conclusion coming from this
      study is the possibility of improving comfort and reducing the energy
      requirements of workers using such equipment by increasing the volume of air
      supplied to the suit.

PMID- 175327
TI  - A new look at back-injury prevention.

PMID- 175328
TI  - Bumps, grinds take toll on bones, muscles, mind.

PMID- 175329
TI  - Stay healthy down on the farm.

PMID- 175330
TI  - Behavior modification can cure back pain.

PMID- 175331
TI  - Controlled diabetics make functional workers.

PMID- 175332
TI  - A penny saved can blow up the place.

PMID- 175333
TI  - Put the psychiatrist on the team.

PMID- 175334
TI  - Alcoholism: early detection means better chance for cure.

PMID- 175335
TI  - Use job performance, evaluation to spot the alcoholic worker.

PMID- 175336
TI  - Epilepsy and the job.

PMID- 175337
TI  - Orthopedic injuries need not spell the end of a career.

PMID- 175338
TI  - [Oxygen consumption and cytochrome oxidase activity of muscle tissue from the
      limbs of axolotls following restoration of regenerative capability suppressed by
      x-ray irradiation].
AB  - The intensity of oxygen consumption and the activity of cytochrome oxidase have
      been studied in the homogenate, mitochondria and nuclei of the limb muscle tissue
      in axolotls after the suppression of regenerative ability by X-irradiation and
      its experimental restoration. Under the suppression of regenerative ability, the
      oxygen consumption was inhibited. The cytochrome oxidase activity in the
      homogenate and mitochondria decreased and in the nuclei remained at the same
      level or even increased as compared with the intact limb. Under the restoration
      of regenerative ability, the intensity of respiration of the homogenate and
      mitochondria increased and this increase was accompanied by the increase of the
      cytochrome oxidase activity. The activity of cytochrome oxidase in the nuclei did
      not change at the stage of blastema and sharply fell at the stage of formed limb.

PMID- 175339
TI  - [Cytochrome oxidase activity of loach embryo nuclear and mitochondrial
      fractions].

PMID- 175340
TI  - [Mixed tumor of the nasal septum].

PMID- 175341
TI  - [Pyridoxal phosphate and activity of pyridoxalkinase in serum of preterm and term
      infants (author's transl)].
AB  - Vitamin B6 nutriture was measured in 14 preterm infants (born between 30th and
      35th week of gestation) by means of determination of pyridoxalphosphate and
      activity of pyridoxalkinase in serum on the 1st and 4th day of life. 11 term
      infants were included as control group. At the 1st day pyridoxalphosphate and
      activity of pyridoxalkinase in preterm infants were significantly decreased in
      comparison with the control group. 50% of preterm infants--all were delivered
      before the 33rd week of pregnancy--did not show any activity of pyridoxalkinase
      in serum. On the 4th day, vitamin B6 nutriture of preterm infants was still
      decreased in comparison with the control group. Measurable activity of
      pyridoxalkinase, however, was now found in all preterm infants. There was a
      positive correlation at the 1st and 4th day of life between pyridoxalphosphate
      and weight and activity of pyridoxalkinase and weight. According to our results
      pyridoxalkinase is an enzyme which depends on the gestational age of the newborn.
      After the 32nd week of gestation the enzyme becomes active. Moreover
      pyridoxalkinase is an enzyme that can be induced by formulas containing vitamin
      B6. We consider the administration of vitamin B6 to the preterm infant as
      necessary.

PMID- 175343
TI  - Control of glycolysis in skeletal muscle from fetal rhesus monkeys.
AB  - In our studies of metabolic control mechanisms in skeletal muscle from rhesus
      fetus we have determined the tissue levels of the metabolic intermediates and
      cofactors of the glycolytic pathway and have calculated the mass-action ratios
      for each reaction. Skeletal muscle from rhesus fetuses (Macaca mulatta), 90-155
      days of gestational age, and from adult rhesus monkeys was used in these
      experiments. The apparent equilibrium constants for hexokinase and
      phosphofructokinase (PFK) in these tissues were over 1,000 times larger than the
      mass-action ratios at all ages studied; the corresponding values for pyruvate
      kinase were more than 800 times different. The data suggest that these three
      enzymes are rate-limiting for fetal skeletal muscle as early as 54% of gestation.
      The next step was to study some of the numerous factors that modify these non
      equilibrium reactions. Increasing the ATP concentration had a marked effect on
      the PFK activity of both fetal and adult muscle, first increasing and then
      inhibiting enzyme activity. At maximum PFK activity, the amount of fructose-6
      PO4(F6P) phosphorylated per mg of protein was 2-3 times greater in the two fetal
      than in the adult series. At a concentration of 0.3 mM, citrate decreased PFK
      activity of the 100-day fetal muscle; a further decrease occurred at 1.2 mM
      citrate. At a citrate level of 0.3 mM. the addition of inorganic phosphate (Pi)
      or cyclic AMP returned PFK activity to the uninhibited levels (pH 7.0). Relief of
      ATP inhibition of F6P phosphorylation with Pi and cyclic AMP was also observed at
      pH 7.0 in extracts of 100-day fetal skeletal muscle.

PMID- 175342
TI  - [Antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus, capsid antigen in children with
      malignant neoplasms (author's transl)].
AB  - Sera from children were tested for antibodies to viral capsid antigens of Epstein
      Barr virus. The method applied was the indirect immunofluorescence test. 25 sera
      from healthy donors were titrated as controls. In 14 patients with acute
      lymphocytic leukemia we found low levels, a tiny little girl with chronic
      myelocytic leukemia (?) AND THREE CHILDREN.WITH LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
      SHOWed highly increased serological reactivities. Investigated children with
      other kinds of tumours did not serologically differ significantly from the
      control group. Further investigations should clarify the role of this infectious
      agent.

PMID- 175344
TI  - Neonatal diagnosis of familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Cord serum prebeta-beta-lipoprotein concentration was measured in a radial
      immunodiffusion assay in 303 randomly selected, full-term infants whose parental
      phenotypes were unknown. Six infants had elevated concentrations, that is above a
      cut-off limit of 197 mg/100 ml (97.5th percentile). Three of these infants
      suffered from classic type II hyperlipoproteinemia, and this diagnosis was
      confirmed by family studies at follow-up. The three other infants and their
      parents were shown to be normolipemic at follow-up. The elevated cord serum
      prebeta-beta-lipoprotein in these three infants could be explained by highly
      elevated cord serum triglyceride and/or cholesterol. The 297 infants with normal
      cord serum prebeta-beta-lipoprotein and their parents were all shown to be
      normalipemic at follow-up. It is concluded that the measurement of prebeta-beta
      lipoportein in cord serum allows the identification of children with familial
      type II hyperlipoproteinemia, if infants with transient neonatal
      hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia are excluded.

PMID- 175345
TI  - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in infantile rickets.
AB  - In small children with nutritional vitamin D deficiency, the serum concentration
      of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D,
      was correlated with the stage of clinical disease. It was low (16 to 20 ng/ml)
      but within the normal range in the earliest (hypocalcemic) stage of the
      deficiency syndrome and decreased (less than 15 ng/ml) in the more advanced
      stages. In patients with familial hypophosphatemia (X-linked dominant), mean
      serum 25-OH-D concentration was the same as in age-matched normal controls.
      Evidence is presented that endogenous parathyroid hormone may have a role in the
      depletion of serum 25-OH0D in deficiency states.

PMID- 175346
TI  - Color and form perception on the Rorschach as a function of eye color.
AB  - Recent research had demonstrated that dark-eyed individuals are more reactive
      than light-eyed people. The present paper investigated one area of reactivity,
      ease of emotional arousal. The hypothesis that dark-eyed male subjects (n equals
      40) would show greater ease of arousal than light-eyed male subjects (n equals
      40) was tested using color and form responses on the Rorschach as dependent
      measures. The predicted interaction was significant; light-eyed subjects gave
      relatively more form responses, but dark-eyed subjects gave relatively more color
      responses. Implications for future research and application were discussed.

PMID- 175347
TI  - Lupus nephritis: natural history and therapy.

PMID- 175349
TI  - [Letter: Duration of paradoxical sleep in man. Possible relations to the
      metabolism of dopamine].

PMID- 175348
TI  - [Radiography of the internal auditory canal (meatography) by positive contrast
      medium and its indication (author's transl)].

PMID- 175350
TI  - [Letter: Lipiodol hepatography. Prevention of fatal complications].

PMID- 175351
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate: pharmokinetics of the substance and
      clinical experiences with the scintigraphy].
AB  - Kinetics and clinical studies of bone scintiscanning with 99mTc-pyrophosphate in
      92 patients with certified diagnosis allowed the following conclusions: 1. After
      i.v. injection 99mTc-pyrophosphate is distributed in 3 compartments, from which
      it is cleared with biological half-lives of 32.7 minutes, 5.1 hours and 22.54
      hours respectively. The relative size of these compartments is 1 : 3 : 6. After
      application of the substance, an initially high renal excretion with a
      consecutive exponential drop can be observed. The optimal period for
      scintigraphic studies seems therefore to be from 3-6 hrs, as at this time there
      is still an adequate activity in bone structures, while the low background
      activity yields a good contrast on scintiscans. 2. The clinical results of bone
      scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate with 88.6% correct diagnoses can be
      considered as "very good". This feature can partly be attributed to an improved
      correlation of radiographic and scintigraphic images by the use of a specially
      designed, combined radiographic-photoscanning detector system. 3. Preliminary
      results concerning the quantitative uptake of 99mTc-pyrophosphate in fractures of
      the extremities suggest, that the quantitative analyses of the registered data
      can provide valuable prognostic information in traumatic, inflammatory and
      neoplastic bone lesions.

PMID- 175353
TI  - Specific spin-labeling of transfer ribonucleic acid molecules.
AB  - The spin labels anhydride (ASL), bromoacetamide (BSL) and carbodiimide (CSL) were
      used to label selectively tRNAGlu, tRNA fMet and tRNAPhe from E. coli. The
      preparation and characterization of the sites of labeling of eight new spin
      labeled tRNAs are described. The sites of labeling are: s2U using ASL, BSL and
      CLS and tRNAGlu; s4U using ASL and BSL on tRNAfMet and tRNAPhe; U-37 with CSL on
      tRNfMet; U-33 with CSL on tRNAPhe. The rare base X at position 47 of tRNAPhe has
      been acylated with a spin-labeled N-hydroxysuccinimide (HSL). The 3'end of
      unfractionated tRNA molecules has been chemically modified to a morpholino spin
      labeled analogue (MSL). Their respective e.s.r. spectra are reported and
      discussed.

PMID- 175352
TI  - Duplication of single stranded DNA catalyzed by calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha.
AB  - Purified calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha is inactive with native DNA as template
      and shows little activity with denatured DNA. DNA synthesis with denatured DNA as
      template is greatly stimulated by the addition of a nuclease which initially
      copurifies with DNA polymerase but is separated from the polymerase on DEAE
      cellulose chromatography. A limit digest of nuclease treated native DNA which is
      then denatured is replicated 80-95%; extensive replication is also obtained with
      native DNA partially degraded by pancreatic DNase and then denatured. The product
      of the reaction with calf thymus nuclease-treated DNA as template is double
      stranded DNA with a hairpin (looped back) structure.

PMID- 175354
TI  - A spin label study of the thermal unfolding of secondary and tertiary structure
      in E. colic transfer RNAs.
AB  - The molecular mechanism of thermal unfolding of E. coli tRNAGlu, tRNAfMet and
      tRNAPhe (in 0.02M Tris-HC1, pH 7.5. 10 MM Mg C12) has been examined by the spin
      labeling technique. The rate of tumbling of the spin label has been measured as a
      function of temperature for ten different selectively spin-labeled tRNAs. Only
      spin labels at position s4U-8 were able to probe the tertiary structure.
      Evidences are presented which support the hypothesis that the thermal
      denaturation of the three species of tRNAs studied is sequential. The unfolding
      process occurs in three discrete stages. The first step (30 degrees-32 degrees)
      could either be assigned to a localized reorganization of the cold-denatured
      structure or to a "transient" melting, followed by the simultaneous disruption of
      the tertiary structure and part of the hU helix. This transition is observed even
      in the absence of magnesium. The second step (50 degrees-54 degrees) involves the
      melting of the anticodon and miniloop regions. The last step occurs above 65
      degrees where the t psi c and amino acid acceptor stems, forming one continuous
      double helix, melt. A simple dynamic model is considered for tRNA function in
      protein biosynthesis.

PMID- 175356
TI  - Carcinoma of the bronchus-5. Aftercare.

PMID- 175355
TI  - Herpes zoster--a parasitic fossil.

PMID- 175357
TI  - Chemotherapy of solid tumors. Recent advances.

PMID- 175358
TI  - Childhood cancer: the improving prognosis.

PMID- 175359
TI  - Selecting endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 175360
TI  - Hypocalcaemic response to streptomycin in malignant hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 175361
TI  - Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis with urticaria.

PMID- 175363
TI  - [Therapeutic experiences in herpes simplex diseases a double-blind study with
      tromantadine HCl (author's transl)].

PMID- 175362
TI  - Watery diarrhoea and hypokalaemia associated with a phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 175364
TI  - Specific oligoribonucleotide synthesis using primer-independent polynucleotide
      phosphorylase.
AB  - Oligoribonucleotides of a predetermined base sequence beginning with adenylyl-3',
      5'-adenosine at the 5' end have been synthesized in yields varying between 13%
      and 42%. The synthesis was carried out using primer-independent polynucleotide
      phosphorylase from E. coli in the presence of high concentrations of primer and
      of sodium chloride.

PMID- 175365
TI  - The autonomic nervous system in alcoholic and diabetic neuropathy.
AB  - Tests of autonomic function were performed on 10 controls, 16 subjects with
      diabetic neuropathy and 12 subjects with alcoholic neuropathy. Abnormal sweating
      occurred in 10/10 alcoholics (100%) and 10/10 diabetics (100%) who were examined.
      An abnormal Valsalva ratio was present in 7/11 (64%) of diabetics and only 2/9
      (22%) of alcoholics. Denervation hypersensitivity to phenylephrine occurred in
      2/8 (25%) of diabetics and was absent in alcoholics. A quantitative assessment of
      baroreceptor function was made. In diabetics there was a reduced resting heart
      period, heart period range and mean gain, whilst these parameters were
      essentially normal in alcoholics.

PMID- 175366
TI  - Certain neuro-ophthalmological aspects of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 175367
TI  - Autonomic disturbances produced by lung cancer: a report of two unusual cases.
AB  - Two cases of malignant infiltration of nerve are presented in whom a major
      feature was excessive spontaneous sweat secretion. The possible mechanisms for
      the production of this unusual symptom are discussed.

PMID- 175368
TI  - Purification and buoyant density of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.
AB  - A purification scheme for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus utilizing rate
      zonal centrifugation in a 10-40% potassium tartrate gradient was described. The
      density of IBRV in the potassium tartrate gradient was found to be 1.22 g/cm3.
      Electron microscopic examination of purified virus preparations revealed
      homogeneous populations of enveloped virions with minute projections on the
      envelope surface.

PMID- 175369
TI  - The involvement of cyclic-3',5'-AMP in the release of hormones from the anterior
      pituitary in vitro.
AB  - DBcAMP significantly increased the release of GH but not of LH, FSH, TSH, or PRL,
      except in the presence of hypothalamic extract when it augmented the release of
      LH, FSH, and GH, reversed the inhibition of PRL, but did not further influence
      TSH release. Theophylline increased release of GH and PRL while inducing
      increased tissue content of cAMP without consistently increasing the release of
      TSH, LH, or FSH. Hypothalamic extractor K+-stimulated hormone rel-ase was
      consistently and significantly potentiated by theophylline. Neither hypothalamic
      extract, increased [K+], or synthetic TRH and LRH were able to raise tissue
      content of cAMP while producing their expected effects on hormone release.
      Cholera enterotoxin produced a highly significant increase in tissue content of
      the cyclic nucleotide but increased the release of GH only, and not that of LH,
      FSH, TSH, or PRL. DBcAMP was able to lower the threshold concentration of K+
      required to stimulate release of GH, LH, and FSH and also to augment K+
      stimulated release to the higher levels induced by the hypothalamic releasing
      hormones. It did not augment K+-induced release of TSH.

PMID- 175370
TI  - Effects of LH-RH on isolated pituitary gonadotropic cells.
AB  - Rat anterior pituitary glands were dissociated with Pronase and the cells were
      separated by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. After 30 min of incubation
      of the enriched gonadotropic cells with LH-RH, there was a significant increase
      in LH and FSH in the incubation medium. LH-RH (100 ng/ml) and 10(-3) M cAMP both
      caused significant increases in LH in the incubation medium after 24 hr of
      incubation.

PMID- 175371
TI  - Effects of hypothalamic-releasing hormones on LH, FSH, and prolactin in pituitary
      monolayer cultures.
AB  - Four-day-old pituitary monolayer cultures were incubated with various
      hypothalamic releasing hormones. Rat hypothalamic extract stimulated the release
      of LH, FSH, and PRL by these cultures in a dose-related fashion. Synthetic LH-RH
      stimulated the release of LH and FSH but not of PRL. Synthetic TRH increased the
      release of PRL but had no effect on LH or FSH. At 10(-8) M, somatostatin did not
      affect any of the three adenohypophyseal hormones. Incubation with DBcAMP or
      theophylline also stimulated PRL release without any detectable effect on LH and
      FSH release. These data suggest the involvement of cyclic AMP--adenylate cyclase
      system in the mechanism of PRL release, but their involvement in gonadotropin
      release requires further studies.

PMID- 175372
TI  - Influence of dietary Ca, Mg, and P on cyclic-AMP excretion and kidney
      calcification in the rat.
AB  - A series of five experiments was conducted with young male albino rats to
      investigate effects of various levels of dietary Ca, P and Mg on urinary cAMP
      excretion and kidney calcification. Urinary cAMP excretion was shown to be
      directly correlated with injected parathyroid (PT) hormone dose level and to be
      inversely associated with dietary Ca intake. Thus, cAMP excretion may be presumed
      to reflect PT activity in the young rat. Magnesium deficiency tended to reduce
      cAMP excretion, while P excess did not affect it. Each treatment induced kidney
      calcification. Calcium deficiency increased cAMP excretion irrespective of Mg
      status, although nephrocalcinosis appeared only in the Mg-deficient animals.
      These data support the view that nephrocalcinosis of dietary origin in the rat is
      not mediated by increased PT activity.

PMID- 175373
TI  - Macrophage migration inhibition and lymphocyte stimulation with mammary tumor
      virus associated antigens in Balb/c mice.
AB  - Lymphocytes of MTV-negative Balb/c mice are sensitive to one or more antigens of
      MTV as determined by blastogenic transformation and migration inhibition assays.
      The lymphocytes from MTV-positive Balb/cfC3H mice are nonresponsive in these
      assays but become responsive after the mice have been implanted with MTV-positive
      tumors. The latter findings imply that there may be either a state of tolerance
      to MTV antigens which is broken by the tumor transplant or that the responses are
      directed towards antigens to which the host is not tolerant. The cause of the
      sensitivity of lymphocytes from MTV-negative Balb/c mice to MTV antigens has not
      been determined but two possible explanations are discussed: horizontal
      transmission and derepression of genetic information for viral antigen.

PMID- 175374
TI  - Prolyl hydroxylase activity in normal and diseased human liver.
AB  - Prolyl hydroxylase activity was determined in liver biopsy samples obtained from
      10 patients. The liver prolyl hydroxylase values in patients with active
      hepatitis distribute into two numerical populations based on the extent of
      elevation over control. The first of these groups includes those with enzyme
      levels elevated approximately 2.5-fold over normal. Included in this group are
      patients with active (but nonagrressive) hepatitis and patients where advanced
      portal fibrosis is already established. The second group where prolyl hydroxylase
      is elevated approximately nine-fold is comprised of two patients with advanced
      clinical symptoms of active alcoholic hepatitis with evidence of aggressive
      cirrhosis but with only early minimal evidence of existing fibrosis.

PMID- 175375
TI  - Rabbits as a source of antisera against SV40 virus-induced cell surface antigens.
AB  - Rabbits immunized with SV40 virus-transformed rabbit cells yielded antisera
      highly reactive in a mixed-hemadsorption assay against SV40-transformed hamster,
      mouse, and rabbit cells. Such antisera may prove of value in studies requiring
      large amounts of antibody angainst SV40-induced cell surface antigens.

PMID- 175376
TI  - Different lipolytic effects of theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP in vivo and
      in vitro.
AB  - Both dcAMP and theophylline are known to promote lipolysis in vitro by increasing
      intracellular cAMP. Although theophylline stimulates FFA mobilization in vivo as
      well, a report of low circulating FFA levels in the rat given dcAMP suggested
      that dcAMP may inhibit lipolysis in the intact animal. To explore this
      possibility, a comparison of the in vitro and in vivo lipolytic effects of
      theophylline and dcAMP was made in the young dog. Circulating glycerol and FFA
      levels rose following the administration of theophylline. While glycerol and FFA
      fell slightly in puppies given dcAMP, only the FFA change was significant.
      Epinephrine infusions given alone produced sustained elevations of glycerol and
      FFA. When theophylline was given in conjunction with ongoing epinephrine
      infusions, plasma glycerol and FFA levels remained high. On the other hand,
      epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis was markedly inhibited by dcAMP, as shown by
      pronounced falls of glycerol and FFA from the elevated levels found with
      epinephrine alone. In vitro studies involving fragments of puppy adipose tissue
      reveal that epinephrine, theophylline, and dcAMP promoted glycerol release. In
      contrast to the in vivo observations, lipolysis was also stimulated by
      combinations of both epinephrine and theophylline as well as by epinephrine and
      dcAMP. Thus, theophylline stimulates lipolysis in vitro and in vivo in the puppy.
      In contrast, dcAMP stimulates lipolysis in vitro but inhibits this action in the
      intact animal. This important difference in the two pharmacologic agents suggests
      the need for caution when using them in in vivo studies involving the action of
      cAMP.

PMID- 175377
TI  - Progesterone binding in rabbit oviduct and uterus.
AB  - Progesterone binding of high affinity with a dissociation constant of 10(-9) M
      was identified in cytosol of rabbit oviduct and uterus. Macromolecules with
      sedimentation coefficients of 7-8 S and 4-5 S were present. Progesterone receptor
      concentration was two to fivefold lower in the oviduct when compared with the
      uterus. The receptor concentration declined steadily from 3 hr until 144 hr after
      mating in the uterus; however, the decline in oviductal receptor was not
      significant until the sixth day of pregnancy. Progesterone receptor concentration
      in rabbit oviduct and uterus in estrus and early pregnancy was greater than
      estradiol receptor levels.

PMID- 175378
TI  - Deoxycytidine kinase from rabbit kidney cells infected with herpes simplex virus
      type 1 or 2.
AB  - When rabbit kidney cells were infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (strain
      Seibert) or herpes simplex virus type 2 (strain 316D), deoxycytidine kinase (CdR
      kinase) activity, assayed at 38 degrees, increased 5- to 15-fold relative to
      controls. The CdR kinase activity induced by type 2 virus was more thermolabile
      than the enzyme activity induced by type 1 virus. When CdR kinase activity was
      assayed at various temperatures between 0.5 and 38 degrees, maximum activity for
      type 1 enzyme was obtained at 16 degrees while maximum activities for host and
      type 2 enzymes were obtained at 38 degrees. Both type 1 and type 2 induced CdR
      kinase activities eluted at the same positions as deoxythymidine kinase
      activities on a Sephadex G-100 column. The estimated mol wt for HSV-1 (Seibert)
      and HSV-2 (316D) induced CdR kinases are 67,000 and 60,000, respectively.

PMID- 175379
TI  - Modification of renal tumorigenic effect of streptozotocin by nicotinamide:
      spontaneous reversibility of streptozotocin diabetes.
AB  - The renal oncogenic activity of streptozotocin in male Holtzman rats was
      significantly decreased by nicotinamide. Adenomas of the kidney were noted in 77%
      (21/28) of the animals treated with single iv dose of the streptozotocin, 50
      mg/kg, while only 18% (5/28) of animals given nicotinamide ip, 350 mg/kg, 10 min
      before and 180 min after the same dose of streptozotocin had demonstrable renal
      tumors. Moreover, the renal adenomas induced by streptozotocin alone occurred
      sooner and were generally larger when compared with those in the animals treated
      with the nicotinamide-streptozotocin combination. The 50 mg/kg dose of
      streptozotocin was diabetogenic in all rats, but the diabetic state was not
      permanent. Spontaneous recovery from the diabetes was first noted after 8 and 10
      months of followup, and after 16 months none of the surviving rats were diabetic.

PMID- 175380
TI  - Induction of SMON-type virus form avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus.
AB  - SMON-type virus which shows different host range was induced from ILT virus under
      unsuitable culture conditions for the growth of the parental ILT virus, such as
      cultivation in CAM of 12-day-old eggs or cultivation in CHK cells at 32 degrees.
      Furthermore, it was induced from ILT virus by mutagenesis by either BrdU or NG in
      CHK cell cultures.

PMID- 175381
TI  - Characterization of a triglyceride hydrolase secreted by canine liver maintained
      in vitro.
AB  - These studies demonstrate that canine liver synthesizes a TGH activated by C-I
      but not by C-II. This TGH has properties similar to lipoprotein lipase C-I
      isolated from postheparin plasma of human subjects, but differs from a previously
      reported liver triglyceride-lipase or protamine insensitive-lipase in its
      sensitivity to NaCl and protamine sulfate, as well as in its requirement for a
      serum cofactor, C-I. These data suggest the possiblity that, in dogs, liver is a
      source of plasma LPLC-I.

PMID- 175382
TI  - Growth characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 1 (infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis) in human diploid cell strain WI-38.
AB  - IBR virus was found to replicate in WI-38 cells. At a high input multiplicity the
      virus yield was comparable to that obtained in bovine cells, but comparable
      degree of CPE took longer to achieve. At a low input multiplicity of IBR virus,
      such as may be encountered in virus contaminated bovine serum, virus yield was
      only about 1% of that in bovine cells, with 50% of the cells showing CPE,
      followed by cell regrowth. Infectious virus was not recoverable from the regrown
      cells by 5 weeks after initial infection, and these regrown cells were
      susceptible to reinfection with IBR virus. Aging of WI-38 cells in cultures for
      as little as 1 week reduced IBR virus yield to 90% less than the yield from the
      same lot of cells inoculated 7 days earlier.

PMID- 175383
TI  - Lymphocyte activation.

PMID- 175384
TI  - Chlorophyll sensitized charge separation in phospholipid vesicles.

PMID- 175386
TI  - Photochemistry of proteins.

PMID- 175385
TI  - Exicted states of biomolecules--III.

PMID- 175387
TI  - A model of the mechanisms of memory.
AB  - The neuronal information is formed by 2 waves: electronic and ionic, which enter
      the neuron at the level of the excited synapses. The neurofilaments lead to the
      transmission of the electronic wave, while the microtubules direct the ionic
      wave. Arriving at the level of the nuclear membrane, the electronic wave of
      excitation enters the system DNA-histones, which works as a computer. The
      electronic wave is retransmited to a bundle of neurofilaments, then it is carried
      to a certain collateral of the axon. In its movement, the electronic wave guides
      the ionic wave toward certain synapses, so that the specific connections between
      the input and the output signals are assured.

PMID- 175388
TI  - Lateral-volar finger flap for the treatment of burn syndactyly.
AB  - To completely open the web space in burn syndactyly and provide tissue that is
      pliable and elastic, we describe a flap from the lateral and volar surfaces of an
      adjacent finger which will completely cover the opened defect. The results of
      this procedure in 24 web spaces are reported.

PMID- 175389
TI  - Disruption of healed scars in scurvy -- the result of a disequilibrium in
      collagen metabolism.
AB  - Old scars break open in scorbutic patients because (1) the rate of collagen
      degradation is greater in an old scar than it is in normal skin, and (2) the rate
      of collagen synthesis is diminished throughout the body in ascorbate deficiency.

PMID- 175390
TI  - [Action of alpha-methyl-dopa on waking-sleep cycles in two inbred strains of
      mice, C57BR and C57BL/6 (author's transl)].
AB  - The effects of alpha-methyl-Dopa at several dose levels on waking-sleep cycle of
      175 mice from two inbred strains (C57BR and C57BL/6) have been studied. The
      results showed that each dose (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), of alpha-methyl
      Dopa completely suppresses paradoxical sleep (PS), after a period of sedation.
      Duration of PS inhibition varied as a function of dose, time of injection, and
      strain of mice. Using a multiple injection schedule of one injection per day for
      5 consecutive days, there was suppression of nocturnal PS followed at the 4th day
      by rebound during day light hours.

PMID- 175392
TI  - Free radical formation in deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate gamma-irradiated in
      frozen solution. A computer-assisted analysis of temperature-dependent ESR
      spectra.

PMID- 175391
TI  - Excitation-mediating and inhibition-mediating dopamine-receptors: a new concept
      towards a better understanding of electrophysiological, biochemical,
      pharmacological, functional and clinical data.
AB  - A great number of earlier reported experimental data dealing with the role of
      dopamine in dopamine-loaded structures within the mammalian brain have raised
      questions concerning the concept of dopamine as an inhibitory agent acting on one
      type of receptor. A critical review of the anatomical, histochemical,
      electrophysiological, pharmacological and functional studies reveals that the
      dopamine-loaded structures are marked by an internal differentiation at various
      levels. It is attempted to demonstrate that this is due to a heterogeneous
      distribution of two distinct types of dopamine-receptors, each characterized by
      their own properties: DAe and DAi-receptors. Furthermore, the experimental and
      clinical implications are discussed in view of the hypothesis that balance
      between both types of receptors is essential for normal psychomotor functioning.

PMID- 175393
TI  - Free radicals from purine nucleosides after hydroxyl radical attack.

PMID- 175394
TI  - [The effect of beta-ray radiation of isotope 90Y on vascular walls and peripheral
      nerves (experimental study) (author's transl)].

PMID- 175395
TI  - A syndrome of widened medullary cavities of bone, aortic calcification, abnormal
      dentition, and muscular weakness (the Singleton-Merten syndrome).
AB  - Two patients with clinical and radiological features similar to those of
      Singleton and Merten's patients are described. These patients exhibit features of
      a unique clinical syndrome of unknown etiology: generalized muscular weakness
      with secondary hip and foot deformities, progressive calcification of the
      thoracic aorta beginning in childhood, calcific aortic stenosis leading to heart
      failure, dysplasia of the teeth, poor physical development, osteoporosis,
      expanded medullary cavities of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, and chronic
      psoriaform skin lesions.

PMID- 175396
TI  - The arthropathy of hemochromatosis.
AB  - Five cases of hemochromatosis arthropathy are presented and the distinctive
      radiological features of the disease are described. Although the condition is
      typically degenerative, showing subchondral cyst formation, sclerosis, and
      thinning of cartilage, its distribution is characteristic. Selective degenerative
      changes of the second and third metacarpophalangeal joints are striking,
      particularly in the hands, while abnormalities in the intercarpal joints are
      variable and the interphalangeal joints are spared. Chondrocalcinosis involving
      both fibrous and hyaline cartilage is frequently seen as well, particularly in
      the large joints. The calcification is due to deposition of calcium pyrophosphate
      crystals, perhaps resulting from iron inhibition of pyrophosphatase.

PMID- 175397
TI  - Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the colon in the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome.
AB  - Large, infiltrative cavernous hemangiomas of the distal colon were present in 3
      children with the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, 2 of whom are the subject of this
      report. The lesion is manifested clinically as intermittent rectal bleeding
      starting in the first 5 years of life. The radiographic features include (a)
      varicose lesions in the wall of the rectosigmoid, ranging from a network of
      distended submucosal veins to nodular defects, (b) narrowing of the rectum by the
      surrounding extramural portion of the hemangioma, and (c) phleboliths within the
      lesion. Inferior mesenteric angiography and sigmoidoscopy are useful for
      preoperative confirmation. The occurrence of visceral hemangiomas in the Klippel
      Trenaunay syndrome and its relevant diagnostic and therapeutic implications are
      discussed.

PMID- 175398
TI  - Clinical applications of cell surface markers.

PMID- 175399
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolism of diapausing insects (author's transl)].

PMID- 175401
TI  - [Serous meningitis in Poland].

PMID- 175400
TI  - The effect of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'
      adenosine monophosphate and phosphodiesterase inhibitors on platelet aggregation
      and the platelet release reaction in normal and essential fatty acid deficient
      rats.
AB  - A comparison was made of the action of three classes of substances with platelet
      aggregation inhibiting effect in normal and essential fatty acid deficient rats.
      In the latter group, the effect of indomethacin was considerably reduced, whereas
      the difference was smaller with aspirin. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP had the same
      inhibiting effect in both groups. Of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors tested,
      dipyridamole was inactive, whereas the inhibiting effects of caffeine and
      papaverine are slightly reduced in the deficient animals. The same differences
      between the two groups were seen in the magnitude of the release reaction after
      14C-serotonin labelling. These data support the idea that the non-steroid anti
      inflammatory drugs act by inhibiting the formation of an aggregation-inducing
      substance from arachidonic acid.

PMID- 175402
TI  - [Enterovirus meningitis in the Lodz Province in 1974].

PMID- 175403
TI  - [An epidemic of viral meningitis in the Bydgoszcz Province in 1974].

PMID- 175404
TI  - [An epidemic of meningitis caused by Coxsackie A9 virus in the City of Wroclaw in
      1974].

PMID- 175405
TI  - [An epidemic of meningitis in the Kwidzyn County caused by Coxsackie A9 virus].

PMID- 175407
TI  - [A case of double insulinoma operated on twice. Study on the behavior of glycemia
      and insulinemia].

PMID- 175406
TI  - [Morphological and enzymatic studies of the supratumoral distended colonic loop
      in colorectal cancers (therapeutic aspects)].
AB  - The authors carried out experimental and clinical studies in an attempt to
      explain the causes leading to anastomotic dehiscences, a major complication of
      exeresis surgery of the left colon and of the rectum. In this view they have
      performed in dogs incomplete stenoses at the level of the sigmoid and also made
      parallel studies of the morphological and histochemical changes occuring in the
      supra-stenosis colon wall, with those of the supra-tumoral colon wall found in
      human colo-rectal carcinomas, in the "sub-occlusion" stage. Histological
      alterations are presented, characterized by marked edema in all the layers of the
      wall, leading to evidently hampered colon vascularization. From the enzymological
      viewpoint there was noted an intensive phosphatasic and ATP-ase reaction in all
      the layers of the colon wall. These studies led to the conclusion that it is
      necessary to evaluate the degree and the duration of the supra-tumoral colic
      distension before a decision is taken to carry out primary colectomy or rectal
      resection (single-step procedure), and not to avoid the practice of a seriated
      intervention when necessary. The reversibility of the lesions noted by the
      authors allows for the possibility to perform a resection after the colic wall to
      be anastomosed has returned to an almost normal condition, thus avoiding the
      dehiscence of the sutures.

PMID- 175408
TI  - [Estrogen receptors in advanced breast cancer].

PMID- 175409
TI  - [Caplan's syndrome appearing after 20 years following exposure to silica].

PMID- 175410
TI  - Dangers to the human fetus from certain heavy metals in the environment.

PMID- 175411
TI  - Fatty acid oxidation by ischemic myocardium.
AB  - Ischemia markedly depresses fatty acid oxidation and increases fatty acyl-CoA and
      fatty acylcarnitine levels in the isolated heart during palmitate oxidation.
      Evidence suggests that the major defect is impaired beta-oxidation due to
      decreased electron transport rather than to diminished fatty acyl uptake,
      activation, or intramitochondrial transfer. Important metabolic effects may
      include decreased mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocation and altered
      carnitine-palmity-l-CoA transferase activity.

PMID- 175412
TI  - Dependence of myocardial redox systems on the concentration of exogenous
      substrate.
AB  - Isolated rat hearts were perfused according to Langendorff at a range of
      perfusion pressures and the variations of intracellular oxygenation were studied
      under these conditions by optical methods. The oxygen consumption was directly
      related to left ventricular performance in all cases examined, the relationship
      being independent of both the substrate used (glucose, beta-OH-butyrate) and its
      concentration (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mM). The changes in the respiratory rate were
      accompanied by modifications of the redox state of mitochondrial enzyme systems
      (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), cytochromes) in presence of
      low concentration (2.5 mM) of substrate. At higher substrate concentrations (5.0,
      10.0 mM), however, no change in the redox state of cytochromes and only
      inconsistent fluctuations of that of NADH were observed. These results suggest
      that the generally accepted relationship between the rate of electron transport
      and the degree of reduction of respiratory coenzymes exists only under special
      conditions (low substrate concentration). Other factors, such as the size of the
      pool of hydrogen available, should be considered. Furthermore, this work
      specifies the optimal experimental conditions for the study of mitochondrial
      respiratory transitions (low substrate) in the intact myocardium by means of
      direct optical techniques.

PMID- 175413
TI  - Opposing regulatory influences of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate in the control of cardiac muscle contraction.
AB  - The effects of acetylcholine chloride (ACh) and isoproterenol (Iso) on myocardial
      levels of guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and adenosine 3', 5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and on force of contraction were studied in
      elelctrically driven isolated rabbit atria. Incubation of atria with Tyrode's
      solution containing ACh (5 x 10(-7) M) produced significant decreases in
      contractile force that were associated with significant elevations in atrial
      cyclic GMP levels. Atrial levels of cyclic AMP were significantly lowered at 15
      sec after the addition of ACh but were only slightly lowered at earlier time
      intervals. The effects of acetylcholine on force of contraction and on cyclic
      nucleotide levels were prevented with atropine (1 x 10(-7) M). The addition of
      Iso (1 x 10(-7)-M) to isolated atria produced significant increases in
      contractile force that were associated with significant elevations in effects of
      Iso on force of contraction and on cyclic nucleotide levels were prevented with
      practolol (1 x 10(-5) M). The increases in atrial cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP
      levels following addition of ACh and Iso, respectively, precede the changes in
      contractile force. These data support our hypothesis that cyclic AMP and cyclic
      GMP exert oppositional effects on cardiac contrctility.

PMID- 175414
TI  - Alterations in myocardial and plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate in
      experimental myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Alterations in myocardial and plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      levels were studied following clamping of the aorta or coronary artery occlusion
      in 30 dogs. Plasma cyclic AMP levels increased markedly after thoracotomy but
      returned to control levels 2 hr later. Complete arrest of aortic flow (clamping)
      induced a significant early increase in the myocardial cyclic AMP levels of all
      animals studied. No increase was noted following pretreatment with propranolol or
      sham occlusion. Localized coronary occlusion tended to increase plasma cAMP
      levels in anesthetized animals and also in concious dogs. The present study
      suggests that adrenergically mediated changes in tissue and plasma cyclic AMP
      content are early manifestations of both generalized and local myocardial
      ischemia and tend to reflect the magnitude of the insult.

PMID- 175416
TI  - Lysosomes of cardiac and skeletal muscle: resolution by zonal centrifugation.
AB  - The application of zonal centrifugation to the analysis of homogenates of cardiac
      and skeletal muscle permits selection of fractions that are enriched in markers
      for lysosomes, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. The method
      of disruption of normal and pathological tissue alters significantly the
      distribution of total protein and peaks of enzymatic activity on the gradient.
      Total activities of cathepsin, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase,
      and para-nitrophenylphosphatase are distributed at different concentrations of
      sucrose on the gradient. Beta-Glucuronidase appears to "mark" the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum, as well as lysosomes, of skeletal muscle, para-Nitrophenylphosphatase,
      a common marker of acid phosphatase of lysosomes, is enriched in those fractions
      of cardiac muscle containing the highest specific activity of ouabain-inhibited
      Na-K-ATPase. Thus, these two enzymes appear to have a localization in at least
      two separate organelles. On the other hand, these results may indicate the
      isolation of several "populations" of lysosomes that are associated constantly
      with distribution peaks of other organelles. In any event, attempts to correlate
      changes in structure of organelles of normal and pathological specimens of tissue
      with functional impairment, e.g., Ca2+ uptake, activity of Na-K-ATPase, etc.,
      must include consideration of dual localization of enzymatic markers or cross
      contamination by populations of other organelles.

PMID- 175415
TI  - Regulation of myocardial energy metabolism.
AB  - Closed aorta working hearts perfused with 1 mM pyruvate were subjected to a 4
      fold increase in work load by raising the left atrial filling pressure. Citric
      acid cycle flux, pyruvate uptake, and oxygen consumption rose 3-fold when cardiac
      output was increased. In the first 40 sec after the transition tissue glutamate
      and citrate fell by 22 and 45%, respectively, and there were reciprocal decreases
      in malate and aspartate. The ratio of creatine phosphate/creatine declined by 50%
      within 30 sec, with a corresponding increase in inorganic phosphate, but the fall
      in the ATP/ADP ratio was only 10%. During the first 10 sec the surface
      fluorescence from cardiac pyridine nucleotides fell by 30% and this change was
      synchronous with a sharp decline in the calculated adenine nucleotide phosphate
      potential. This suggests that heart mitochondrial respiration is controlled by
      the cytosolic phosphate potential, and that a state 4 to state 3 transition
      occurs when cardiac output is increased. Apparent disequilbrium of creatine
      phosphokinase can be explained by the compartmentation of most of the cardiac ADP
      within the mitochondria. Citric acid cycle flux was coordinated by activational
      interactions at citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and alpha
      ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, but a transient imbalance between the individual
      cycle steps leads to a sharp peak of lactate production shortly after the work
      transition.

PMID- 175417
TI  - Rehabilitative and community support for mental patients.

PMID- 175418
TI  - Vinyl chloride-induced deactivation of cytochrome P-450 and other components of
      the liver mixed function oxidase system: an in vivo study.
AB  - Liver microsomal enzyme activities were measured 24 hr after a 6 hr exposure to
      5% vinyl chloride in male rats pretreated with phenobarbital, Aroclor 1254 or the
      control vehicle. Liver injury as indicated by serum transaminase elevations after
      vinyl chloride, was found only in phenobarbital and Aroclor 1254 animals while
      cytochrome P-450 contents and oxidative N-demethylation of aminoantipyrine and
      ethylmorphine were markedly decreased in all groups. Glucose-6-phosphatase,
      cytochrome b5 and NADPH and NADH cytochrome P-450 reductase were scarcely
      affected. This selective enzymatic deactivation is consistent with a cytochrome P
      450 centered activation of vinyl chloride to a reactive electrophile.

PMID- 175420
TI  - Cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein on lipid inclusions and lysosomal and
      mitochondrial permeability of cultured heart muscle and endothelioid cells.
AB  - Cultured rat heart endothelioid cells were used to study the effect of beta
      lipoprotein and cholesterol on the production and persistence of cellular lipid
      inclusions. Both heart endothelioid and muscle cells were used to study the
      effects of beta-lipoprotein with and without cholesterol or cholesterol esters on
      lysosomal or mitochondrial lability. Beta lipoprotein enhanced the production and
      maintanence of lipid inclusions. In the concentration employed (20mg%) it alone
      produced no effect after 72 hours on lysosomal or mitochondrial lability but with
      cholesterol, cholesterol stearate, cholesterol oleate or cholesterol linoleate
      (5mg%) there was a trend toward labilization.

PMID- 175419
TI  - Effect of cadmium chloride on the rat testicular soluble selenoenzyme,
      glutathione peroxidase.
AB  - Thirty-six hours after male rats were injected with 25 mumoles cadmium
      chloride/ml/kg of body weight they exhibited decreased plasma and testicular
      glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activity, testicular atrophy and necrosis, and
      increased testicular thiobarbituric acid-reactive products. Seven days after
      injection, only the plasma GSH peroxidase activity returned to normal. The
      decrease in testicular GSH peroxidase activity was not reversible by dialysis
      against buffer or by the addition of selenium as buffered selenomethionine. In
      vitro inhibition of testicular GSH peroxidase activity occurred at 0.3 mM
      cadmium. All in vivo effects were prevented by a prior injection of 25 mumoles
      sodium selenite/ml/kg of body weight. Testicular GSH peroxidase may be the direct
      or indirect target of cadmium-induced testicular damage, and this damage results
      in lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 175421
TI  - [Effects of parenteral infusion of glycerol on glycerol kinase and
      adenosintriphosphate in rat kidneys (author's transl)].
AB  - Effects of intravenous glycerol infusions on glycerol kinase and
      adenosintriphosphate in rat kidneys. Intravenous infusions of glycerol with rates
      near and above the average maximal turnover capacity (0,74 g.kg-1.h-1) cause
      alterations of the kidneys such as weight increase, decrease of protein content
      and activity of glycerol kinase with excretion of this enzyme in the urine. At
      infusion rates of 0,6 g.kg-1.h-1 and more a decrease of the ATP-content of the
      kidneys is observed. Effects on the liver are not consistent and only
      demonstrable at infusion rates above the maximal turnover rate of glycerol. The
      results are discussed with regard to osmotic nephrosis. The appearance of
      glycerol kinase in the urine is discussed as an early symptom of kidney damage.

PMID- 175422
TI  - [The influence of propranolol, practolol and theophylline on the plasma renin
      activity (author's transl)].
AB  - The stimulating effect of theophylline on the plasma renin activity (PRA) under
      beta-receptor blockade by propranolol or practolol was investigated in 27
      patients with essential hypertension of degree I-II. After propranolol and also
      practolol PRA decreased about thirty per cent of the basal value, increased
      however by the factor of 2 to 3 after application of theophylline, in spite of
      the blockade of the beta-receptors indicated by a slight decrease of systolic
      blood pressure and heart rate. The effect of propranolol and practolol on the
      basal PRA was not different. Our results show the possibility, to stimulate renin
      secretion despite blockade of beta receptors by propranolol or practolol,
      respectively.

PMID- 175424
TI  - Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens type A in selected humans. II. A cohort
      study.

PMID- 175425
TI  - [Antobides against members of the Herpviruses group in children of a rural zone
      on Honduras].

PMID- 175423
TI  - The use of suckling mice in assaying Clostridium perfringens Type A enterotoxin.

PMID- 175426
TI  - [Severe forms of rickets as a factor of infantile morbidity and mortality].

PMID- 175427
TI  - Biochemistry of inorganic polyphosphates.

PMID- 175428
TI  - Intrathyroidal amines in the regulation of thyroid activity.

PMID- 175429
TI  - Problems of postsynaptic autogenous and recurrent inhibition in the mammalian
      spinal cord.

PMID- 175430
TI  - Synaptic receptor proteins. Isolation and reconstitution in artificial membranes.

PMID- 175431
TI  - [Production of interferon or interferon-like susbstances in EB3 cultures after
      inoculation with human serum containing Australia antigen].

PMID- 175432
TI  - Gastric mucosal blood flow and pepsin secretion in dogs--stimulation by 13-nle
      motilin.
AB  - In response to graded doses of intravenous 13-norleucine-motilin (13-nle-motilin)
      -a synthetic analogue of motilin and biologically equivalent to the natural
      polypeptide-, gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) in canine vagally denervated
      fundic pouches was studied using the aminopyrine clearance technique. As 13-nle
      motilin did not exert any detectable effect on gastric secretion of hydrogen
      ions, intraluminal instillation of 160 mM HCl was used to provide a pH gradient
      allowing aminopyrine to move into the pouch lumen. With increasing doses of 13
      nle-motilin, GMBF increased to 148% of control values; pepsin secretion  - due to
      augmented pepsin concentration - rose concomitantly. Enhanced pepsin secretion
      was not accompanied by an increase in cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate
      secretion.

PMID- 175433
TI  - A rare case of megaloblastic anaemia caused by disturbances in the plasma
      cobalamin binding proteins in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.
AB  - A patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, megaloblastic anaemia and increased
      concentration of serum cobalamin is described. Plasma TC I was increased to
      10,000 times the normal concentration, thus explaining the increased
      concentration of serum cobalamin and a false Schilling test. The increase in
      plasma TC I in concurrence with undetectable amounts of plasma TC II was a likely
      explanation for the anaemia. The electron microscopic picture of the
      hepatocellular carcinoma was in accordance with TC I being produced by the tumour
      cells.

PMID- 175434
TI  - Search for uro-genital tract infections in patients with symptoms of prostatitis.
      Studies on aerobic and strictly anaerobic bacteria, mycoplasmas, fungi,
      trichomonads and viruses.
AB  - Seventy-nine patients with symptoms of nonacute prostatitis and 20 healthy
      volunteers were examined for uro-genital tract infection with bacteria,
      mycoplasmas, fungi, trichomonads and viruses. No differences in the results of
      the bacterial cultures were found between the patients and the controls. In only
      a few cases were established urinary tract pathogens found, but in no instance
      were these findings reproducible in later specimens. The cultures of the
      expressed prostatic fluids and the samples of semen gave no information of the
      occurrence of bacteria over and above that obtainable from examination of the
      urethral specimens. Significant bacteriuria was not found in any of the patients.
      Though Neisseria gonorrhoeae could not be isolated from any of the subjects,
      immunofluorescent studies revealed such organisms in seminal fluid in 8% of the
      patients. Nine of the patients had 1 to 3 years been considered successfully
      treated for gonorrhoea. Five of these nine patients were still found to harbour
      gonococci, as judged from the immunofluorescent studies. Corynebacterium vaginale
      was recovered in an equally low frequency (5%) from the patients and the
      volunteers. There was no significant difference in the incidence of T-mycoplasmas
      between the patients (46%) and the controls (35%), while Mycoplasma hominis was
      only found in the patients (10%). Trichomonas vaginalis could not be detected in
      wet smears of expressed prostatic fluid in any of the subjects, but could be
      cultured from one such specimen. Metacycline treatment (performed according the
      double blind cross-over technique) was studied for effects on the bacterial
      flora. In about 10% of the patients, an earlier not observed relative dominance
      of gram-negative rods was found on the cultures made after the therapy. Candida
      albicans was only isolated from the patients. It was found more often after (24%)
      than before the (15%) treatment. Complement-fixing antibodies to N. gonorrhoeae,
      cytomegalovirus and Chlamydia were found in 10, 19, and 33% of the patients,
      respectively. The corresponding figures for the healthy males were 0, 20 and 5%.

PMID- 175435
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinemia in liver diseases].
AB  - Disorders of liver function frequently lead to raised plasma lipid values. The
      methods for analyzing plasma lipids and lipoproteins developed in recent years
      have yielded a great deal of data. This information provides new insights into
      the interrelationships of these disorders and are furthermore important in
      differential diagnosis of jaundice. An abnormal lipoprotein (LP-X) has been
      isolated from the plasma of patients with intra- or extrahepatic cholestasis, and
      a simple and sensitive method of demonstrating this lipoprotein has subsequently
      been developed. This parameter is today the surest clinico-chemical test for
      excluding or demonstrating cholestasis, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins accumulate
      in the plasma due to lack of lipase. This leads to hypertriglyceridemia. The
      disappearance of pre-beta and alpha-lipoprotein bands in agarose gel
      electrophoresis, which is a most frequent sign of severe liver damage
      (irrespective of its origin) is probably caused by a defective lipoprotein A. The
      capacity of lipoprotein A to bind certain lipid fractions is reduced or
      abolished. By no means all the mechanisms leading to structural changes in plasma
      lipoproteins and hyperlipoproteinemia in disorders of liver function are known at
      present. However, new findings emphasize the central role played by the liver in
      synthesis and degradation of plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 175436
TI  - [The after-care of tumor patients in radiotherapy].
AB  - A report is presented on the organization and goals of consultative outpatient
      follow-up of patients with irradiated tumors by the radiotherapeutic oncologist
      in a radiation therapy clinic. Organization involves a close working relationship
      with the referring physician and routine patient checkups at regular intervals
      after radiation therapy. The goals of the follow-up program include detection and
      treatment of irradiation-induced early and late alterations of normal tissue,
      assessment of therapeutic results, early recognition of recurrences, metastases
      and/or additional tumors and initiation of therapy of these. For these reasons
      standardized follow-up examinations are required. These must be adapted to the
      type of tumor and supplemented with the usually expensive and time-consuming
      tumor workup only where there is suspicion of tumor progression or if problems of
      differential diagnosis arise.

PMID- 175437
TI  - [The diagnosis of liver metastases and primary hepatomas by means of
      scintigraphy, laparoscopy and laparotomy].
AB  - To evaluate the presence or absence of hepatic metastases or primary hepatoma 106
      patients were examined by liver scintigram as well as laparoscopy or laparotomy.
      A definite diagnosis was established in all patients by histology, autopsy or
      observation of clinical course for at least one year. Only scintigrams resulted
      in false positive diagnosis (in 5%). False negative diagnoses were obtained in
      29% of laparoscopies and in 36% of scintigrams when evaluated routinely with
      knowledge of the clinical findings and laboratory examinations. Analysis of the
      same scintigrams by an experienced examiner without knowledge of the clinical
      findings lowered the proportion of false negative scintigrams to 12%. In 5
      patients with liver metastases or hepatoma coexisting in liver cirrhosis or
      advanced chronic liver congestion, both methods of examination gave false
      negative results.

PMID- 175438
TI  - [Proceedings: Clinical presentations in nephrology].
AB  - Four clinical cases are presented: (a) cured systemic lupus erythematosus,
      fracture of the odontoid process of the axis; (b) renovascular stenosis following
      renal transplant; dissecting aneurysm of aorta, consolidated for the last 3
      years; (c) rejection glomerulonephritis following renal transplant; (d) unusual
      complications in a patient of intermittent hemodialysis for the last 8 years.

PMID- 175439
TI  - [The current state of masculine contraception].
AB  - The present state of male contraception is reviewed with reference to
      pharmacological methods only. Since spermatogenesis is the result of a long chain
      of endocrine mechanisms starting in the hypothalamus, any review of contraceptive
      techniques must follow these physiological links. Spermatogenesis itself involves
      different stages and each of them can be a target for pharmacological compounds.
      Although no drug is currently available that offers all the necessary guarantees
      required of a contraceptive, interesting interconnections have nevertheless
      emerged. In consequence there are grounds for moderate optimism as to the
      availability of a male contraceptive in the coming years.

PMID- 175440
TI  - Behaviorally evoked hippocampal theta waves: a cholinergic response.
AB  - Forced running in a treadmill results in the instantaneous appearance of a
      synchronous electroencephalographic pattern in the dorsal hippocampus of the rat.
      A similar bioelectric response in the absence of movement is induced by
      physostigmine. Both responses are blocked with scopolamine. Lesions of the medial
      septal nucleus abolish hippocampal theta waves induced by forced running or
      physostigmine.

PMID- 175441
TI  - Glycerol phosphate shuttle in virus-transformed cells in culture.
AB  - The glycerol phosphate shuttle is shown not only to be present and functional in
      virus-transformed cells, but its level is higher than in normal cells in culture.
      The increased aerobic glycolysis that has been demonstrated for these cells after
      transformation, therefore, is not due to an impairment of hydrogen transfer
      pathways.

PMID- 175442
TI  - Estrogen receptor in the mammalian liver.
AB  - The cytosol from livers of adult female mammals contains [3H]estradiol-binding
      proteins that can translocate to the nucleus and attach to chromatin. In
      comparison to the prepubescent rat, adults have higher estrogen binding in the
      liver and greater increases in plasma renin substrate after administration of
      estrogen. The protein in the liver which binds estrogen may be an estrogen
      receptor involved in modulating hepatic synthesis of selective plasma proteins.

PMID- 175443
TI  - Photoreceptor-bipolar cell transmission in the perfused retina eyecup of the
      mudpuppy.
AB  - The hypothesis that a synaptic transmitter is released by photoreceptors in the
      dark is supported by experiments in which cobalt was used as a synaptic blocking
      agent, while intracellular recordings of receptors and neurons that are directly
      postsynaptic to receptors were maintained. In the dark the depolarizing bipolars
      are hyperpolarized, whereas the hyperpolarizing bipolars are depolarized.

PMID- 175444
TI  - Angiotensin-converting enzyme: vascular endothelial localization.
AB  - Fluorescein-labeled antibody to rabbit pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme
      localized in the vascular endothelium of rabbit lung, liver, adrenal cortex,
      pancreas, kidney, and spleen. Epithelial cells of the renal proximal tubules were
      the only parenchymal cells among the organs studied that demonstrated
      immunoreactivity.

PMID- 175445
TI  - [Julien Huber (1885-1975)].

PMID- 175446
TI  - [Bronchopulmonary aspergilloma in children and bronchogenic cyst. A new case].
AB  - The authors report a new case of aspergilloma developing in an intra-pulmonary
      bronchogenic cyst in a girl aged 10 years. A cure was obtained after surgical
      excision. The possibility of serious complications, such as hemoptysis, abscess
      formation and spread of the aspergillus, has two consequences; the first is the
      utility of regular supervision of any intra-pulmonary air cavity and, eventually,
      surgical removal. The second is the necessity of operation as soon as the
      diagnosis of aspergilloma has been made.

PMID- 175447
TI  - [Malignant lymphopathy and breast cancer (apropos of 3 cases)].
AB  - Two cases of Hodgkin's disease were associated with a breast tumor after a
      remission of seven years. Conversely, another patient was affected by a mammary
      adenocarcinoma prior to the onset of an overt acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the
      same delay. These three observations focussed our attention upon the development
      of secondary neoplasias and the possible relationship between both types of
      disorders. In a period with extensive research on cancer etiology, it seemed
      interesting to discuss the role of several factors: genetic, therapeutic and/or
      immunological ones.

PMID- 175448
TI  - [Prostaglandins and reproduction].
AB  - The prostaglandins probably play an important role in the physiology of
      reproduction. In women as in men, they intervene at several levels. At the level
      of the ovary, the prostaglandins E may be modulators of the action of
      gonadostimulin on ovarian hormonogenesis, in close relationship with cyclic AMP
      and, furthermore, represent an important biochemical intermediate stage in the
      mechanism of ovulation. F2 prostaglandin, F2 alpha, on the other hand, represents
      in numerous animals, but not in women, a luteolytic factor of uterine origin. At
      the level of the hypothalamopituitary axis, E prostaglandins may modulate
      hypothalamic neuro-secretion and to a lesser degree, the liberation of pituitary
      stimulins, and thus intervene in gonadotropic function. At the level of the
      female genital tract, prostaglandins may influence uterine and tubal motility. It
      is perhaps by this latter effect that the very large quantities of seminal
      prostaglandin influence the process of fertilisation.

PMID- 175449
TI  - [Polyneuritis due to nitrofuran derivatives].

PMID- 175450
TI  - [False radiologic image of an adrenal tumor due to the large gastric tuberosity].

PMID- 175451
TI  - [Contraindications of hepatic puncture biopsy].

PMID- 175453
TI  - [Kinetics of polynuclear cells].
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytosis and granulopenia in infectious diseases have been
      studied for several years, either by intravascular kinetics of the polymorphs
      labelled previously in vitro, or by isotopic labelling in vivo and
      autoradiography of the bone marrow, using medullary kinetic study of
      granulopoiesis. Polymorpho-nuclear leukocytosis is usually due to an increased
      production and a relative mobilisation of reserves. Leukopenia may be due to
      various mechanisms, but there does not seem to be any qualitative disorder of
      circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes with corpuscular hyperdestruction nor
      any abnormalities of multiplication of the bone marrow nor of maturation. On the
      other hand, one frequently finds abnormalities of distribution between the
      marginal and circulating compartments, increased extracorpuscular destruction,
      reduction in production due to reduction in absolute number or differentiation of
      the granulopoietic parent cells.

PMID- 175454
TI  - [Leukocytosis and polynucleosis in infectious disease].
AB  - During bacterial infections, the intensity of the polymorphonuclear leukocytosis
      depends on the bacterium but also on the mechanism and extent of the infection.
      Polymorphonuclear leukocytosis is greater during pyogenic and anaerobic
      infections. It is due to deep suppuration, septicemia of thrombophlebitic origin,
      acute endocarditis, purulent meningitis and pneumonia. The increase in the number
      of polymorphonuclear cells is, on the other hand, less marked in sub-acute
      bacterial endocarditis. Apart from bacterial infections, a polymorphonuclear
      leukocytosis is common in inflammatory disease, such as tissue necrosis and
      several malignant diseases. It may also be due to drug allergy.

PMID- 175452
TI  - [Granulopoiesis and its regulation].
AB  - The neutrophil granulocytes are derived, in the present state of our knowledge,
      from a hemocytoblast identical with that of the other blood cells, defined by its
      power to form in vivo clones of multiple composition, defining their
      characteristic of totipotential undifferentiated cell. The way in which the clone
      forming cell evolves in vivo towards granulopoiesis, depends on a genetic factor,
      phenomena of derepression and an extrinsic factor, the origin of which is
      probably cellular. Differentiation of the hemocytoblast leads to a cell, the
      destiny of which is then fixed, which may then form clones in vitro in semi-solid
      medium (clone-forming cell in vitro or CFC). This cell is definitely a true
      entity. A humoral factor of macrophage origin intervenes to ensure granulopoiesis
      in vivo (clone-stimulating factor CSF3. The phenomena which regulate this
      granulopoiesis then cause to intervene various biochemical forms of this clone
      stimulating factor and an inhibitor, the reality of which is not yet definitely
      demonstrated in vivo. Laboratory animals and cell culture of human normal and
      leukemic granular cells now supplies experimental models which permit studies of
      the granular differentiation of the hemocytoblast completed by kinetic studies in
      vivo to make rapid progress, especially in our knowledge of the human leukemic
      process.

PMID- 175455
TI  - [Granulopenia of infectious origin].
AB  - Among the various infectious and parasitic disease liable to produce
      granulopenia, the authors selected certain diseases which represented their
      personal experience. Classically, leukopenia may occur during typhoid fever, but
      was not present in all of the series of 114 adults they observed with this
      disease. It only occurs after antibiotic treatment (Thiamphenicol in the majority
      of cases). During acute brucellosis (188 cases studied) granulopenia was
      constant. It occurs early and is lasting. It reappears during septicemic relapse.
      Leukopenia is corrected during treatment by tetracycline antibiotics. Neutropenia
      during disease is frequent but usually labile. This characteristic explains why
      there was no granulopenia in 90 cases of mumps and 64 cases of chickenpox.
      Finally, during Kala Azar, 8 cases confirmed certain already well known data: the
      considerable reduction in granulocytes but also anemia and thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 175456
TI  - [Infections in agranulocytosis and their treatment].
AB  - A quantitative deficiency in polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes, due to aplastic
      anemia, exposes to infection. The risk is all the greater when the neutropenia is
      more marked and more lasting. The infections have a different distribution from
      that commonly observed in normal subjects. There is little inflammatory reaction,
      no pus formation and bacterial multiplication invades the parenchyma and may
      create necrosis due to arteriolar obstruction. The prognosis is very bad. For
      example, pulmonary infections in acute leukemia of adults, have a mortality
      greater than 75%. Antibiotic treatment and leukocyte transfusions give
      disappointing results. The prevention of infections has permitted spectacular
      progress. Nevertheless, the long-term prognosis is not linked to the infection
      itself, but to the sub-jacent disease responsible for the agranulocytosis. The
      infections become cured in transient toxic aplasia and in leukemia where
      chemotherapy permits one to obtain a remission. The infections remain fatal
      whatever the treatment used if the medullary aplasia is not curable.

PMID- 175457
TI  - [Massive ascites in pancreatitis. Review apropos of 10 personal cases].
AB  - Massive ascites is are complication, but not exceptional, in pancreatitis. In a
      series of ten personal cases and a review of one hundred cases in the world
      literature, the authors attempt to define the main pathological and clinical
      characteristics of this disease and the best treatment. Ascites may follow
      abdominal trauma, involving the pancreas, sometimes it occurs during known
      chronic pancreatitis, often it is the first sign of pancreatic disease, whether
      acute or chronic. High levels of pancreatic enzymes in the ascitic fluid are the
      main factor in diagnosis of pancreatic ascites. The mechanism of formation of the
      ascites is loss of pancreatic fluid into the peritoneal cavity owing to a breach
      in the pancreas, the presence of enzyme-rich fluid, causing secondarily
      "chemical" peritonitis. Paracentesis abdominis or drainage of the fluid during
      exploratory laparotomy, permits one to obtain in certain cases, a cure of the
      ascites, but surgical drainage by an anastomosis between the pancreatic cyst and
      the digestive tract (pancreatico-digestive anastomosis), has the advantage of
      ensuring treatment of the ascites and of the responsible pancreatic disease.

PMID- 175458
TI  - [Evaluation of the involvement of the spleen in Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - In the light of personal data and 60 cases in the literature, the authors attempt
      to evaluate the risk of splenic involvement during Hodgkin's disease. Neither
      clinical examination nor scintiscanning of the spleen, permit one with sufficient
      security to recognise splenic involvement. Study of the context reveals, on the
      contrary, that the following factors contribute to the splenic risk: --Signs of
      evolutivity: their presence implies splenic involvement in 63% of cases; --the
      histological type of the frequency of the splenic involvement increases from type
      1 (38%) to type 4 (61%); --the distribution of the lymph nodes above the
      diaphragm, the spleen is involved in 66% of forms with cervical and mediastinal
      and axillary lymph node involvement, 56% in forms with cervical and axillary
      nodes alone and 24% in forms with cervical and mediastinal nodes alone; --the
      data obtained by lymphography, as 89% of patients with lumboaortic gland
      involvement, also had invasion of the spleen. There may be errors of
      interpretation of lymphography, depending on the series, of from 6 to 25%. Thus,
      assessment of the risk of splenic involvement in Hodgkin's disease is carried out
      less on the splenic signs themselves, than on the clinical, laboratory,
      histological and radiological context.

PMID- 175459
TI  - [Detection of anti-DNA antibodies by electroimmunodiffusion. Comparison of the
      results with the study of antinuclear factors by immunofluorescence].
AB  - The detection of anti-DNA antibodies was carried out by the
      electroimmunodiffusion method. The results were compared to those of the
      immunofluorescent method for anti-nuclear factors. Positive results were obtained
      with the electroimmunodiffusion method in 86% of the lupus erythematosus cases,
      77% of the sero-positive rhumatoid polyarthritis cases and 67% of the scleroderma
      cases. They are comparable to those obtained by other methods. The
      electroimmunodiffusion method allowed in 3 out of 54 sera to defect anti-DNA
      antibodies although no anti-nuclear factor was found.

PMID- 175460
TI  - [Unilateral renal atrophy].
AB  - The authors report 45 cases of unilateral renal atrophy. The circumstances of
      discovery are related to the urological symptoms: pain, hematuria, pyuria. On the
      other hand, hypertension is rarely the reason for consultation. Women are more
      affected than men. Intravenous urography, retrograde cystography and
      arteriography are essential examinations to collect information concerning the
      etiology. Dynamic scintiscanning with measurement of the percentage of isotope
      fixed on the kidneys, has the advantage of permitting comparative evaluation of
      renal function on each side. In our study, obstruction of the urinary tract was
      more frequent than parenchymatous disease favoured by infection. Vascular
      abnormalities were rare. The etiological enquiry remained, however, negative in
      one third of cases. Surgical operation was necessary when a urological
      abnormality was the cause of persistence of severe symptoms. On the other hand,
      removal of the atrophic kidney does not seem to us advisable when decided simply
      to relieve hypertension. The latter point is particularly discussed.

PMID- 175461
TI  - [Hepatic, splenic and lymphatic thorotrastosis and dysglobulinemia].

PMID- 175462
TI  - [Granulomatous hepatitis is acquired toxoplasmosis in adults].

PMID- 175463
TI  - [Effect of rest on the course of viral hepatitis].
AB  - Discussions having lately raised the importance of rest in the treatment of viral
      hepatitis the authors report some studies made on the subject. They take into
      account 3 personal unpublished statistics analyzing the role of effort at 3
      different stages -- in the acute phase, during convalescence and as an eventual
      factor producing aggravation. Although their results appear to be in
      contradiction with those found in American studies the authors show that the
      importance of rest in the initial phase is unanimously recognized and that there
      is no statistical evidence that such a prescription should be given up before the
      normalization of the main biological parameters. Furthermore though it is
      statistically proved that a certain activity between the 30th and 60th day does
      not affect the later course of the disease yet there is no element which allows
      to authorize the patient to resume his normal professionnal activity before the
      60th day. Finally the lack of controlled studies does not allow any precise
      determination of the impact of effort in the determinism of an eventual
      aggravation. However according to the authors' experience physical tiredness can
      legitimately be suspected to have produced this aggravation in 47.06 % of cases
      of a secondarily aggravated hepatitis.

PMID- 175465
TI  - [Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency and liver diseases].
AB  - Alpha-1 antitrypsin is mainly responsible for the inhibitory power with regard to
      serum of numerous enzymes, in particular, trypsin. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
      is linked to pulmonary and hepatic disease. The special characteristic constantly
      found during liver disease, associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, is
      the existence of intra-cytoplasmic globules within the hepatocytes due to
      accumulation of alpha-1 antitrypsin. This latter enzyme differs chemically from
      serum alpha-1 antitrypsin.

PMID- 175464
TI  - [Orthostatic hypotension in the aged. Systematic exploration in 400 persons].
AB  - The authors study the adaptation of the blood pressure to changes in posture in
      400 people, and studied the world literature on the subject. They found that
      postural hypotension in the elderly is quite different from that in young adults.
      A full study is difficult and the response to changes in posture are inconstant,
      this it is only possible to take into consideration changes in systolic blood
      pressure, and one should not neglect falls in blood pressure of low amplitude.
      This definition, once accepted, postural hypotension in the elderly is a frequent
      phenomenon which gives complex symptoms owing to the intrication of vascular
      disturbances and lesions of the central nervous system. Among the numerous
      permanent or occasional causes, more particularly those due to drugs, the role of
      hypovolemia seems to be of importance in orthostatic hypotension and should be
      sought as a routine.

PMID- 175466
TI  - [Medullary tuberculosis recognized after 3 months of isolated fever in a chronic
      hemodialysis patient].

PMID- 175467
TI  - [Practical significance of HL-A groups in rheumatology].
AB  - Since 1972, several relations have been demonstrated between some HL-A antigens
      and some articular diseases. The W27 antigen frequency is highly increased in
      ankylosing spondylitis (88%) and in Reiter disease (78%) compared with controls
      (5%). In peripheral forms of psoriatic rheumatism, the W17 and HL-A13 antigens
      are more frequent (24% and 15%) than in healthy subjects (4% and 5%). In central
      forms of psoriatic rheumatism, there is a relation with W27 (48%) and still, we
      do not know if this association concerns only spondylitis or also sacro-ileitis.
      The HL-A typing may be useful for the diagnosis of some rheumatic diseases, when
      they present atypical appearances. W27 possesses a considerable value for the
      diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. The relation between W27 and ankylosing
      spondylitis is clearly stronger than that between Waaler-Rose reaction and
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 175468
TI  - [Intrahepatic cholestasis].
AB  - Intrahepatic cholestasis has become a very important aspect of liver disease. The
      author, in the light of electron microscopy and the theory of filtration
      reabsorption of bile secretion proposes that the disease may be explained by
      obstructions situated at various levels of the inter-cellular spaces of the
      liver. This obstruction is functional at first, but is maintained by a duodeno
      hepatic inhibitory reflex, the existence of which has been demonstrated by the
      author. In the light of facts and documents presented here, one may see that from
      Monneret until now, various authors have come very close to the true mechanism of
      this type of jaundice, each discovering some aspect of the truth.

PMID- 175469
TI  - [Extensive bony condensation of the vertebrae in intervertebral disc
      degeneration. (Study of 25 cases)].
AB  - The authors report 25 cases of extensive bony condensation of the vertebrae due
      to degeneration of the intervertebral discs, giving on lateral XRay a dome-shaped
      or helmet-shaped appearance. 19 cases occurred in women. Two-thirds of the
      patients were aged between 35 and 55 years, with an average of 45 years. The
      lesions were lumbar in 21 patients. They affected in 20 cases two adjacent
      vertebrae. All the clinical, radiological, pathological and discographic
      findings, together with the course, confirmed the degenerative origin of these
      bony condensations, the pathogenesis of which is still not perfectly understood.

PMID- 175470
TI  - [Idiopathic hemochromatosis and primary cancer of the liver].
AB  - In 74 patients admitted to hospital for primary hemochromatosis, the authors
      observed in 5 cases, the development of primary carcinoma of the liver. The
      frequency of this complication was definitely greater than in alcoholic or post
      hepatitic cirrhosis, whether one considers patients in hospital or on autopsy.
      The best signs of malignant change are alterations in the surface of the liver
      and the development of hemorrhagic ascites. Using modern methods of clinical
      investigation, it is possible to make the diagnosis during the patient's life.
      Laparoscopy, permitting biopsy under direct vision, is the best investigation but
      it is not always possible. A search for alpha 1 foeto-protein was positive in one
      third of cases and the demonstration by hepatic arteriography of characteristic
      vascular abnormalities and, perhaps in future, information supplied by ultra
      sonic echography, usually permit one to make the diagnosis. The course was fatal
      within a few months, and it seems that metastases and vascular spread are less
      frequent than in carcinoma developing on cirrhosis due to other causes.

PMID- 175471
TI  - [Study of the incidence of complement-fixing antibodies against the
      cytomegalovirus in 339 subjects].
AB  - The authors studied complement-fixing anticytomegalovirus antibodies in a
      population of 339 subjects, divided up into 8 groups, from birth to 60 years. The
      adult group consisted of blood donors. At birth, the new-born acquired temporary
      passive immunity from their mothers ; then they became actively immunised over
      the course of several years. The increase in the number of immunised subjects was
      greater during infancy and adolescence, passing from 6 % to 28.1 %, than during
      adult age (45.1 to 52.9 %). A very important difference of 17 %) definitely
      separated the age groups of adolescents and young adults. 47.4 % of blood donors
      have complement fixing anticytomegalo-virus antibodies.

PMID- 175472
TI  - [Prognostic value of bone and marrow lesions in primary myeloid splenomegaly].
AB  - The diagnosis of myelofibrosis depends on three fundamental criteria. Myeloid
      metaplasia of the liver and spleen, absence of Philadelphia chromosome and a
      variable degree of myelofibrosis. It is thus necessary to have available bone and
      marrow biopsies to make the diagnosis. The analysis of elementary lesions,
      together with their grouping, was at the origin of various pathological
      classifications, including those of Hickling and Jacquillat, Chom and Ripault.
      The latter, adopted by most authors, distinguishes three histological types,
      depending on the degree of myelofibrosis and bony sclerosis. They are usually
      considered as successive stages of the disease.

PMID- 175473
TI  - [IgD myeloma. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 72 year old man admitted to hospital for
      thoracic pain, who was found to have an Igd myeloma of lambda type. The
      diagnosis, suspected, in view of anemia, raised sedimentation rate and abnormal
      electrophoresis of serum proteins, was confirmed by marrow examination after
      sternal aspiration and by the use of a specific anti-serum during immuno
      electrophoresis and on Ouchteriony medium. There were radiological lesions of
      diffuse, decalcifying myelomatous type. The course was characterised by : 1) a
      constant tendency to anemia, then preterminal thrombocytopenia, whereas the
      leukopenia remained moderate. 2) The secondary onset of Bence-Jones proteinuria
      and mild albuminuria with the aggravation of pre-existing renal failure. 3)
      Repeated attacks of infection and the intermittent onset of mental confusion, the
      etiology of which was not clear. Death occurred ten months later. No autopsy was
      carried out. In the light of this case, the authors review the world literature
      and the special characteristics of IgD myeloma.

PMID- 175474
TI  - [Hemorrhagic gastritis caused by localised intravascular coagulation during the
      course of cryptogenic inflammatory cirrhosis].
AB  - The authors report here a case of antral hemorrhagic gastritis without ulceration
      nor erosion, but with intravascular coagulation within the chorionic layer, which
      had a prolonged course in a patient with non-alcoholic cirrhosis, and which
      continued in spite of surgical cure of portal hypertension. The authors discuss
      various theories which might explain this hemorrhage and the development of
      localised intravascular coagulation, together with its relationship with the
      cirrhosis.

PMID- 175475
TI  - [Sex hormones and calcitonin secretion].
AB  - The increase in serum calcitonin during pregnoncy raises the problem of the role
      of oestrogens in the secretion of calcitonin. The authors show that oestrogen
      causes, in castrated rats, an increase in calcitonin activity as measured in the
      plasma by a biological method. This effect of injected oestrogen does not occur
      if the castrated animal is also submitted to thyroidectomy. The effects of
      progesterone studied on a small number of cases, seem to be less marked. This
      report shows that oestrogens have a synergistic effect with calcitonin in the
      maintenance of calcium within the bone. This is of importance during pregnancy
      and after the menopause.

PMID- 175476
TI  - [Our experience with the radioimmunoassay of insulin: Its practical value.
      Apropos of 140 cases].
AB  - What is the interest of insulin determinations in diabetics? The interest is
      considerable, scientifically, particularly in obese patients with
      hyperinsulinism. In practice, in intermediate cases of diabetes, it may help in
      deciding whether or not to administer insulin. The authors studied insulin
      secretion in various varieties of diabetes and its role in the onset of vascular
      complications. Low insulin secretion seems to favour the development and
      frequency of the latter.

PMID- 175478
TI  - [Periodic hemodialysis. Application of new theories and technics to shortening
      the dialysis sessions].
AB  - Many attempts are now being made to reduce the time of dialysis in chronic
      uremia. The method developed by Funck-Brentano, Man and Sausse, which includes
      the use of a highly permeable membrane and precise control of ultrafiltration, is
      theoretically logical. It was easily applied to 22 unselected patients, treated
      nine hours weekly for two to eight months. Of course, the follow-up is
      insufficient. The dosage of products permitting the digestive elimination of
      phosphorus and potassium must be revised, but the improvement in physical and
      psychological tolerance of treatment is such that a return to long duration
      dialysis can no longer be considered possible.

PMID- 175477
TI  - [Diagnosis of human active or latent human brucellosis by lymphocyte
      transformation. Inhibition of leukocyte migration and passive hemagglutination.
      Possible interference between brucellosis and some mental disorders].
AB  - Passive hemagglutination tests (H.T.), involving the coating of a soluble B.
      abortus antigen onto sheep red blood cells through chromium chloride, were always
      negative in non-brucellic subjects. Positive H.T., even at low titers (1:50),
      were associated with positive specific lymphoblastic (T.T.L.) and inhibition of
      leucocyte migration (I.M.L.) tests in 13 patients. These 3 tests were negative in
      17 control brucellosis-free individuals. Positive H.T. confirmed a clinical
      diagnosis of brucellosis in 27 patients with dubious or negative responses to
      classical tests. Low positive (1:50, 1:100) H.T. may correspond to Brucella
      primary-infection or to a quiescent chronic infection, and higher titers to
      clinically active brucellosis. There is a correlation between cellular immunity
      tests (T.T.L., I.M.L.) and passive hemagglutination test. Furthermore, 39/88
      women hospitalized in psychiatric wards were positive to H.T., and 6 of them were
      also highly positive to complement fixation and tube agglutination tests. Three
      T.T.L. and I.M.L., performed on samples from 3 H.T. (1:50) positive patients,
      were positive. These 30 patients were classified as depression or severe
      anorexia.

PMID- 175479
TI  - [Diagnosis of cancer of the breast].

PMID- 175480
TI  - [Ureteral calculi].

PMID- 175481
TI  - [Posterior fossa syndrome terminating the course of histiocytosis X. Study of
      lesions of the central nervous system. Association with polyvinylpyrrolidone
      thesaurismosis].
AB  - The authors report the pathological and clinical findings in a case of
      histiocytosis X in a child. A rapidly progressive neurological syndrome of brain
      stem damage, occurred 5 years after the onset. Blockage of the 3rd ventricle led
      to surgical exploration of the posterior fossa. Lesions of the brain stem and
      cerebellum, in addition to the granuloma of the hypothalamus, are described. The
      neurological symptoms in histiocytosis X often suggest a space-occupying lesion
      but usually occur in the later prolonged forms in the adult. Association of
      thesaurismosis due to P.V.P., of therapeutic origin, produced numerous clinical
      skin and joint signs.

PMID- 175482
TI  - [Pancytopenic form of acute tuberculosis].
AB  - The authors report two cases of febrile pancytopenia of tuberculous origin. In
      both cases specific antibiotic treatment led to disappearance of the clinical and
      blood signs. These cases, together with 65 others, found in the world literature
      were then analysed. In most cases (54), death occurred owing to lack of early
      diagnosis and treatment, whilst in 14 cases, cure was obtained when the treatment
      was not started to late. The authors emphasize the necessity of liver biopsy to
      make the diagnosis of tuberculosis in any case of unexplained pancytopenia with
      fever.

PMID- 175484
TI  - [Epidemiology of hepatitis virus A. Deductions drawn from an epidemic in a
      children's school].

PMID- 175483
TI  - [Several methodologic aspects of chronic bronchitis surveys].
AB  - The frequency of chronic bronchitis and the late and irreversible character of
      the respiratory invalidity thus caused, led to recognition at an early stage when
      the disease is usually neglected by the patient. In the choice of examinations
      designed to select pathological cases, it is important to take into consideration
      a few elementary notions of methodology. 1 - Precise definition of objectives. 2 
      Drawing up a questionnaire and evaluation of its performance. 3 - The place,
      execution and interpretation of morphological and functional investigations, are
      the main points developed from personal investigations and similar investigations
      carried out in other countries. Quality controls of these main methods of
      analysis of the disease under study are necessary for reliable numerical
      evaluation. The principles drawn up should be borne in mind at a time when
      epidemiology is occupying a basic position in bioclinical research and numerous
      attempts have been made to carry out investigations from which one should obtain
      the maximum information.

PMID- 175485
TI  - [Cardiovascular manifestations of pancreatitis. Apropos of 4 cases].
AB  - The authors report four cases of cardiovascular signs in pancreatitis in patients
      aged between 31 and 42 years. They then consider the main aspects observed. T
      wave disorders, pericarditis, myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease
      and arterio-pancreatic syndrome. They consider the points in common between
      myocardial infarction and acute pancreatitis and then review the various
      pathogenic theories proposed.

PMID- 175486
TI  - [Recurrent acute pericarditis and corticoid dependence. Apropos of 10 cases].
AB  - The authors report ten cases of acute recurrent pericarditis observed over a
      period of 5 years and emphasize the frequency of these relapses involving 15 to
      20% of cases of acute pericarditis. Usually, no cause is found and, althrough an
      immunological mechanism has been suggested, there is no common test which may
      confirm or disprove this theory. The risk of ultimate constrictive pericarditis
      is minimal and this risk is thus not taken into consideration in deciding on
      treatment. On the other hand, the undesirable effects of corticosteroids which
      favour relapses, seem to be demonstrated. The use of corticosteroids in cases of
      acute pericarditis should thus be exceptional and one should prefer non-steroid
      anti-inflammatory drugs. Immunosuppressors and pericardectomy should be reserved
      for the rare forms where the disease progresses and relapses continue after
      cortisone has been stopped.

PMID- 175487
TI  - [Thrombopenic purpura revealing Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - The authors report a case of Hodgkin's disease at the subdiaphragmatic II B b
      stage with cell type III, revealed by thrombopenic purpura. Laparotomy and
      splenectomy confirmed the invasion of the spleen whereas there was no clinical
      splenomegaly and splenic radio-isotope scan was normal. The course is at present
      favourable, the purpura has been treated by corticotherapy then splenectomy, and
      the disease has been brought under control by classical treatment (cobalt
      radiotherapy and chemotherapy). The authors then discuss eight other cases in the
      world literature. Splenectomy is of dual interest for the assessment of Hodgkin's
      disease, on the one hand, and for the treatment of thrombopenic purpura on the
      other hand.

PMID- 175488
TI  - [Drug expenditures of the French population from the viewpoint of health
      insurance].

PMID- 175489
TI  - [Acute transformation in 45 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia].
AB  - After a chronic phase, the average duration of which in this series was 38
      months, the acute phase of myeloid leukemia was very short, not exceeding 7
      months. The clinical signs which suggest an acute exacerbation are, in order of
      importance, increase in the volume of the spleen, changes in general health,
      fever. The blood signs, which are often found later than the clinical signs, are
      increased white cell count, anemia and marrow leukoblastosis higher than 20%. The
      laboratory criteria of acute exacerbation are of lesser importance. Chemotherapy
      gives very poor results at this stage.

PMID- 175490
TI  - [Water-electrolyte re-equilibration in chronic interstitial nephritis].
AB  - In chronic interstitial nephritis there is a salt-losing syndrome. The reduction
      in the number of nephrons provides an experimental model for a study of the
      effects of a sodium load on the kidney. Partial restoral of renal function
      follows administration of sodium chloride and permits one to consider the main
      mechanisms of the regulation of sodium balance.

PMID- 175491
TI  - [Actinomycosis. Apropos 4 cases with thoracic and abdominal localization].
AB  - Actinomycosis is a rare disease and may be discovered at operation. It may
      produce numberous thoracic or abdominal signs; the diagnosis is very difficult
      and requires histological examination.

PMID- 175492
TI  - [Atypical and severe forms of depression].

PMID- 175493
TI  - [Association of Behcet's disease and pelvispondylitis in a subject without HLA W
      27 antigen].
AB  - The authors report a new case of Behcet's disease in association with ankylosing
      spondylitis. A study of the HLA system in this patient, showed the presence of an
      HLA 5 (Behcet's disease) and the absence of HLA W 27 (ankylosing spondylitis).
      The authors recall the frequency of HLA W 27 during ankylosing spondylitis,
      whether primary or associated with psoriasis, or enteric disease. Desensitisation
      to autologous saliva proved a failure. A trial of D-Penicillamine produced no
      beneficial effect on the course of the mucosal ulcers and the inflammatory
      joints.

PMID- 175495
TI  - [Isolated rupture of the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve].
AB  - The authors report a personal case of mitral incompetence, due to rupture of the
      chordae tendineae and note the signs of this disease. The patient first developed
      pulmonary oedema with thoracic pain, a mitral systolic murmur and a presystolic
      gallop rhythm, which suggested the diagnosis in a patient in sinus rhythm with a
      normal size heart, the left atrium was expansive and there were obvious signs of
      pulmonary congestion. The rapidly fatal course may be explained by the large
      number of ruptured chordae tendineae. Autopsy showed that the mitral valve was
      normal in texture. Histological study of the ruptured cord, showed lesions of
      dense hyaline fibrosis and mucoid infiltration of the basic substance.

PMID- 175494
TI  - [Gastric and pleural localization of Waldenstrom's disease].
AB  - The authors report a case of Waldenstrom's disease, the first sign of which,
      remaining for a long time the only sign, was a pseudo-carcinomatous infiltration
      of the stomach. Later, the patient developed a pleural localisation. These two
      lesions, gastric and pleural, are known but rare. The authors recall the main
      signs. They emphasize the long duration of the disease when treated by
      chlorambucil. A pathological IgM was found, not only in the serum of this
      patient, but also in the jejunal fluid aspirated during small intestinal biopsy.

PMID- 175496
TI  - [Brown-Sequard syndrome and extradural spinal cord hematoma in a patient taking
      antivitamin K].
AB  - The authors report a new case of extra-dural hematoma of the spinal cord due to
      anticoagulants causing a clinical Brown-Sequard syndrome. Spontaneous recovery,
      which was almost complete, appears quite exceptional.

PMID- 175497
TI  - [Acute obstruction of the esophagus by mucilage].
AB  - The authors present the case of an 84 year-old woman with chronic constipation
      who suddenly developed acute obstruction of the lower oesophagus on taking a
      tablespoonful of mucilage without water. The obstruction was relieved by fiber
      endoscopy. There was no other previous lesion which might explain this
      complication. The patient was seen again later in good general health. The
      authors recall the clinical and radiological signs of acute obstruction of the
      oesophagus and discuss the physiopathology. They propose treating them
      exclusively by oesophageal fiber endoscopy.

PMID- 175498
TI  - [Basal cell epithelioma and multiple fibroepithelial Pinkus' tumors in the
      lumbosacral region. Discussion of the precipitating role of previous radiotherapy
      treatment. Apropos of 4 cases].
AB  - The authors report 4 cases of multiple tumors of the lumbo-sacral region with, on
      histology, a mixture of basal cell carcinomas and fibro-epithelial Pinkus
      tumours. They were struck by the fact that three of these four patients had
      received, in this region, radiotherapy numerous years previously. They discuss
      the role of this radiotherapy in the onset of the disease and the relative
      importance of this factor and of constitutional factors (Hamartomas). They recall
      the characteristics of multiple basal cell carcinomas and of Pinkus fibro
      epithelial tumours, together with the close relationship between these two types
      of tumour.

PMID- 175499
TI  - [Bone marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of hematopoietic tuberculosis].
AB  - The authors report 6 cases of tuberculosis of the bone marrow, in which the
      diagnosis was made by biopsy. Three of these cases, included peripheral blood
      abnormalities, such as pancytopenia, whereas in the three other, nothing special
      was found on routine blood examination. All the patients, except one who died
      from intercurrent infection, became cured thanks to anti-tuberculosis treatment.
      Marrow biopsy thus permits early diagnosis, miliary tuberculosis, even when usual
      radiological and bacteriological investigations are negative.

PMID- 175500
TI  - [Primary malignant tumor of the liver in children].
AB  - Primary malignant tumours of the liver in children are rare. They occur in more
      than 50% of cases before the age of 2 years. The clinical signs are very often
      limited to a large mass in the right hypochrondrium. A search for
      alphafoetoprotein and arteriography are the most useful investigations for
      diagnosis. The pathology leads one to distinguish hepatoblastomas and
      hepatocarcinomas. The prognosis in these tumours remains poor for, in spite of
      progress in liver surgery, a cure is rarely possible. It is important for doctors
      to recognize the existence of this tumour pathology in order to give a chance for
      surgery to succeed in these young children. To illustrate this, 5 cases from
      Besancon are reported here.

PMID- 175501
TI  - [Gastric volvulus and absence of the left lobe of the liver].

PMID- 175502
TI  - [Multiple manifestations of intolerance of a combination of anti-inflammatory
      drugs. Role of phenylbutazone].

PMID- 175503
TI  - [Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Developmental and prognostic study].
AB  - The course of 27 cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobuilinemia was observed during at
      least 2 years or until death. A worsening occurred in half of the patients, with
      7 deaths before 2 years. 10 patients improved under therapy, with only two deaths
      later. The more frequent complications were infections, but other complications,
      haemorragic, neurologic, osseous and renal were also observed. A haemoglobin
      initial level higher than 9 g % and a significant decrease of lymphocyte blood
      count under chemotherapy seem to be of good prognosis.

PMID- 175504
TI  - [Morphologic manifestations of Waldenstrom's disease].
AB  - The authors describe the various cytological and pathological lesions found in
      lymph node, spleen, bone marrow and liver in Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia. The
      significance of the discovery of PAS positive intranuclear vacuoles is discussed.
      The findings are completed by a description of the results obtained in
      immunofluorescence and under the electron microscope. Unusual forms and the
      differential pathological diagnosis are then discussed.

PMID- 175505
TI  - [Sarcomatous and leukemic forms of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia].
AB  - Four cases of sarcomatous or leukaemic types of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
      are presented. They are characterized by tumoral and compressive localizations of
      lymph node or spleen, or by a hyper-leukocytosis with many circulating abnormal
      cells. These cells are different from the lympho-plasma cells regularly observed
      in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and can be assimilated to malignant
      immunoblasts. They have a proliferative aspect and seem to produce less
      macroglobulin and to recover some beta-glucuronidase activity. The sarcomatous
      and leukemic types of Waldenstrom's macroglobullinemia have a poor prognosis and
      may appear as terminal transformation of the disease.

PMID- 175506
TI  - [Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with preserved antierythrocyte and
      antilipoprotein antibody activity].
AB  - One case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is reported, in which the monoclonal
      IgM has an antibody activity against stored red cells, beta-lipoproteins and
      mammalian glomeruli. The antibody activity is observed with the purified IgM
      molecule, which cross reacts with the three antigens, and with the Fab piece. The
      study of the cross reactions shows that the antibody recognizes similar rather
      than identical antigens. This observation is to be added to the few cases already
      published of antibody against stored red cells, and of Waldenstrom's
      macroglobulinemia with antibody activity. The physiopathology of the occurrence
      of a M component with such an activity is discussed.

PMID- 175507
TI  - [Intestinal malabsorption, immunoglobulin deficiency and ileal, lymph node and
      splenic lymphoid atrophy].

PMID- 175508
TI  - Pancytopenia and "caillary leak syndrome" with infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - A 19-year-old man with documented infectious mononucleosis presented with
      pancytopenia and a megaloblastic bone marrow. He developed a "capillary leak
      syndrome" with an expanded plasma volume of 9,290 ml and normal right heart and
      pulmonary artery pressures. The patient had a dramatic recovery after
      corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 175509
TI  - [Diagnosis of viral hepatitis in its foci].

PMID- 175510
TI  - Meigs' syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A case of Meig's syndrome is reported and the rarity of this condition is
      emphasised. The need for exploratory laparotomy in patients with solid ovarian
      tumours associated with ascites and pleural effusion, and free of malignant
      cells, is stressed.

PMID- 175511
TI  - Studies of a breast cancer antigen in patients.

PMID- 175512
TI  - Intrasplenic ovarian neoplasm formation: direct measurement of FSH, LH,
      estrogens, and progestins.

PMID- 175513
TI  - Cross-reactions of virally and chemically induced mouse sarcomas: surface
      expression of a common viral antigen.

PMID- 175515
TI  - Mechanism of metiamide inhibition of gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 175514
TI  - Chlorpropamide-induced inhibition of serum calcium, urinary calcium, and cyclic
      AMP responses to parathyroid hormone.

PMID- 175516
TI  - Stimulating effect of portacaval shunt on intrahepatic and extrahepatic Morris
      hepatomas.

PMID- 175517
TI  - Cyclic AMP as a determinant of the course of acute alcoholic pancreatitis.

PMID- 175518
TI  - Role of calcium and cyclic AMP in insulin release from beta cells.

PMID- 175519
TI  - A lymphocyte-dependent antibody assay for detection of antibodies to human glioma
      cells.

PMID- 175520
TI  - Benign synovioma (pigmented villonodular synovitis).

PMID- 175521
TI  - Estrogen binding and estrogen receptors in the prostate.

PMID- 175522
TI  - Technetium stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy for diagnosing and
      localizing acute myocardial infarcts.

PMID- 175523
TI  - [Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Swine (author's transl)].
AB  - Transmissible gastroenteritis or TGE is a virus diarrhoea which occurs in pigs of
      all ages and is associated with high mortality rates in the young piglets. Growth
      of virus in the columnar epithelium of the small intestine causes atrophy of the
      intestinal villi, malabsorption, watery diarrhoea and dehydration. Faecal
      excretion of virus usually continues up to fourteen days after infection but
      chronic carriers have been found to occur. TGE is self-limiting on the majority
      of pig-breeding farms but the virus may persist in particular conditions and an
      enzootic form of the disease will appear in this case. In typical outbreaks, the
      diagnosis can usually be based on clinical symptoms. When the disease runs an
      enzootic course, a clinical diagnosis will be out of the question. TGE should be
      differentiated from colibacillosis and from another virus diarrhoea, the
      aetiology of which is not precisely known. A rapid and correct diagnosis may be
      established by direct fluorescent antibody studies of frozen sections of the
      small intestine in infected piglets. When sows have been spontaneously infected,
      their offspring will be protected by lactogenic immunity. The presence of TGE
      antibodies of IgA class in the milk is required to ensure complete immunity of
      the piglets lasting for weeks on end. Intramuscular inoculation of a commercially
      available vaccine in sows will only stimulate the production of antibodies of the
      IgG class in the milk. These antibodies will merely afford short-lived immunity.
      The vaccine cannot prevent symptoms of disease from appearing in piglets
      following infection with virulent TGE virus but it does reduce mortality

PMID- 175524
TI  - [Normal growth, growth disorders and their treatment].

PMID- 175525
TI  - Progesterone in the uterus. V. Correlation of the in vitro progesterone
      metabolism with the progesterone binding in rat uterus.
AB  - Incubations of rat uterine segments with varying 3H-progesterone concentrations
      were performed to study the hormone uptake by the tissue. The radioactivity of
      the uterus and the nutrient medium were plotted in form of a SCATCHARD plot.
      Additionally, the binding capacity of the uterine cytosol was measured. In both
      systems, the hormone was found to be associated with two components which differ
      from each other in their association constants. The progesterone metabolism
      occuring at a hormone concentration of 10(-6)M and more in the incubation medium
      is discussed with respect to the affinity and the capacity of the hormone binding
      components.

PMID- 175526
TI  - Dynamics of estrone glucosiduronate metabolism in dogs.
AB  - Interest in the metabolism of estrogen conjugates has been increased by the
      recent demonstration that some of these conjugates can be hydrolysed in vivo, and
      are thus a source of physiologically-active circulating estrogens. In this report
      the metabolism of the quantitatively important conjugate estrone glucosiduronate
      has been studied in dogs, following the intravenous infusion of 3H-estrone
      glucosiduronate. Arterial plasma levels of radioactive estrone glucosiduronate
      and of the radioactive metabolites estrone, estradiol-17beta-3-glucosiduronate
      and estradiol-17alpha-3-glucosiduronate were measured. The metabolic clearance
      rate of estrone glucosiduronate (MCREG) was determined, as well as conversion
      ratios for estrone glucosiduronate to estrone (CREG.E), estradiol-17beta-3
      glucosiduronate (CREG.E2betaG) and estradiol-17alpha-3-glucosiduronate
      (CREG.E2alphaG). Sequential values for the above mentioned conversion ratios were
      obtained and the relationship to time was analysed. Transfer constants for
      estrone glucosiduronate to estrone (rhoEG.E) were measured. The mean MCREG was
      329 L/day/m2, SE 35. The values for CREG.E2betaG and CREG.E2alphaG did not become
      constant until 80 minutes following the start of infusion. The mean values at a
      steady state were: CREG.E.021, SE .002, CREG.E2betaG .068, SE .005, CREG.E2alphaG
      .022, SE .002. The mean value for rhoEG.E was .057, SE .006.

PMID- 175527
TI  - MCF-7; a human breast cancer cell line with estrogen, androgen, progesterone, and
      glucocorticoid receptors.
AB  - We have identified receptors for glucocorticoids, progestins, and androgens in a
      human breast tumor cell line (MCF-7) known to have estrogen receptor. Sucrose
      density gradients show that MCF-7 cytosol contains approximately 100 fm/mg
      protein estradiol (E2-3H) receptor, more than 300 fm/mg protein progesterone
      receptor (measured with R5020-3H), about 40 fm/mg protein 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT-3H) receptor, and 800 fm/mg glucocorticoid
      receptor (measured with dexamethasone-3H). Dissociation constants obtained by
      Scatchard analyses were approximately 0.6 x 10(-10)M (E2), 1 x 10(-9)M (R5020),
      2.8 x 10(-10)M (5alpha-DHT) and 8 x 10(-9)M (dexamethasone). No cross competition
      was found for estrogen receptor, but progestins competed for androgen and
      glucocorticoid binding. The androgen, but not the glucocorticoid, partially
      competed for R5020 binding to progesterone receptor. This first demonstration of
      4 classes of steroid receptors in human breast cancer means that MCF-7 may be an
      excellent in vitro model for studying the mechanism of tumor response to
      endocrine therapy as well as the complex relationships between binding and
      biological actions of these hormones.

PMID- 175528
TI  - Investigations on the level of circulating eosinophils throughout a 24 hour
      period in parasitic disease.
AB  - Circulating absolute eosinophil levels were studied over a 24 hour period in a
      series of 10 patients with presumed parasitological disease. Seven of these ten
      had the distinct nocturnal increase and a percentage swing paralleling that found
      in normal subjects. Three patients had a reversed pattern. The latter were
      thought to have one or other form of filariasis. Two patients with loasis and a
      "physiological response" had suppression as anticipated to exogenous steroid. It
      is concluded that steroid administration will not separate parasitic from other
      causes of eosinophilia.

PMID- 175529
TI  - Proceedings: Attempts to infect inbred strains of rats and mice with Entamoeba
      histolytica.

PMID- 175530
TI  - Proceedings: Smallpox--point of no return.

PMID- 175531
TI  - Permeability changes in the plasma and granular membrane of stored platelets.
      Their prevention for improved platelet preservation.

PMID- 175533
TI  - [Peptide-hydrolase activity in different areas of brain with introduction of
      hydrocortisone and ACTH].
AB  - A single introduction of hydrocortisone is established to evoke an increase in
      the total activity of acid peptide-hydrolase in most areas of the brain. A single
      administration of ACTH single and long term administration of hydrocortisone was
      found to increase the specific activity of acid peptide-hydrolase of the soluble
      fraction. The specific activity of neutral peptide-hydrolase of the soluble
      fraction increases with a single administration of ACTH and long term
      administration of hydrocortisone. A single and long term administration of
      hydrocortisone and ACTH cause an increase in the percentage of the soluble form
      of peptide-hydrolases of the total activity.

PMID- 175532
TI  - [Incorporation of radiolabel in vitro into proteins of rat hippocampus
      synaptosomes when elaborating defensive conditioned reflexes].
AB  - The influence of learning local protein synthesis was studied in the rat
      hippocampal synaptosomes. It is found that elaboration of two-way avoidance
      conditioned reflex causes a decrease in ability of hippocampal synaptosomes to
      include H3-leucin into proteins in experiments in vitro. It is suggested that
      cyclic adenosin 3'5'-monophosphate plays a definite role in controlling protein
      synthesis in the nerve endings during different influences including learning
      because its addition to the incubation medium activates sharply this process.

PMID- 175535
TI  - [Asthma caused by di-isocyanate].

PMID- 175534
TI  - [Procedure for extracting polyphosphoinositides from rat liver tissue and
      peculiarities of their metabolism].
AB  - The content of the rat liver triphosphoinositides and diphosphoinositides was
      determined in fresh tissue by the extraction with acid chloroform methanol
      mixture. The content was 7.7 +/- 0.5 mug P and 6.4 +/- 0.5 mug per 1 g of the
      tissue for triphosphoinositide and diphosphoinositides, respectively. The rapid
      enzymatic posthumorus changes are shown for the phospholipid content in the liver
      tissue; 5 min after the amount of triphosphoinositides increased by 19%,
      diphosphoinositides -- by 13% and that of total phospholipids -- by 11%;
      subsequently after 30 min after the content of di- and triphosphoinositides
      decreases below the initial values and that of other phospholipids returns to the
      initial level. The rate of 32P incorporation into polyphosphoinositide fractions
      increases rapidly during 1 hour and considerably exceeds that of all other
      phospholipid fractions studied.

PMID- 175536
TI  - [Musculoskeletal symptoms and hyperlipoproteinemia type IV].

PMID- 175537
TI  - The ultrasonic appearance of pathology in the male breast.

PMID- 175539
TI  - An outbreak of infectious bursal disease (IBD) of chickens in Nigeria.

PMID- 175538
TI  - [The effect of a single dose of perchlorate on the 24-hour I 131 uptake].

PMID- 175540
TI  - Letter: The source of immune complexes.

PMID- 175541
TI  - [Serum lysozyme activity in chicks vaccinated against infectious
      laryngotracheitis via inhalation].

PMID- 175542
TI  - [Effectiveness of a regime for the pasteurization of milk contaminated with the
      foot-and-mouth disease virus].

PMID- 175543
TI  - [Immune ascitic fluid for Aujeszky's disease virus].

PMID- 175544
TI  - [Susceptibility of cell cultures and laboratory animals to anaerobe toxins].

PMID- 175545
TI  - [Combined vaccination of sheep against anthrax, pox and anaerobic infections].

PMID- 175546
TI  - [Aujeszky's disease virus accumulation in a culture of isolated porcine kidneys].

PMID- 175547
TI  - [Viral gastroenteritis in swine].

PMID- 175548
TI  - [Detection of the pathogenicity of the leukosis virus in 2 lines of chickens].

PMID- 175549
TI  - [Study of prolonged storage of the Rous sarcoma virus].

PMID- 175550
TI  - [Dermatofollicular method of vaccination of chickens against Newcastle disease
      and pox].

PMID- 175551
TI  - [Production of highly active hyperimmune sera against the foot-and-mouth disease
      virus].

PMID- 175552
TI  - [New cell lines and the adaptation of the foot-and-mouth disease virus to them].

PMID- 175553
TI  - [Persistence of the foot-and-mouth disease virus in experimentally infected
      jackdaws].

PMID- 175554
TI  - [Localization of viral antigen in cell cultures infected with the IBR-IPV virus].
AB  - Using the immunofluorescence method and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled
      antibodies against the IBR-IPV virus the dynamics was followed up of the
      production of the viral antigen in primary cell cultures of calf kidney and a
      permanent cell line of calf kidney infected with IBR-IPV strains isolated in this
      country. To avoid nonspecific reactions in the fluorescence-and-serologic
      demonstration of the viral antigen a method was employed for the contrast
      staining with Evans blue. A positive reaction consisting in the specific
      fluorescence of the membrane enveloping the nucleus appeared at the earliest four
      hours after the infection of the cell cultures. No differences were found between
      the studied IBR-IPV virus strains so far as the place and time of appearance and
      the development of the viral antigen in the infected cell were concerned with the
      use of the two types of cell cultures.

PMID- 175556
TI  - Formaldehyde-ozone-induced fluorescence and ACTH immunoreactivity in basophil
      tumours of the pituitary.
AB  - The ACTH cells of human foetal pituitary displayed intense formaldehyde-ozone
      induced fluorescence characteristic of peptides or proteins with NH2-terminal
      tryptophan. Fourteen pituitary tumours were examined histochemically. Of these,
      two displayed formaldehyde-ozone-induced fluorescence. These two tumours were the
      only ones to exhibit ACTH immunoreactivity.

PMID- 175555
TI  - [Some properties of strains of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine
      (TGE) isolated in Bulgaria].
AB  - Strains of the swine transmissive gastroenteritis (TGE) virus were isolated for
      the first time in Bulgaria in 1972. The dynamics was followed up of some strains'
      propagation in primary cell cultures of kidney tissue and subcultures of the
      thyroid of pigs. The intracellular virus reached highest titers at the 24--48th
      hour in the kidney cells, and at the 24--36th hour in the thyroid cells, while
      the extracellular virus was subjected to inactivation by the 2nd hour after
      infecting the cultures, by the 4--6th h its titer dropped up to 50 per cent of
      its initial value, and by the 24th h it was completely inactivated. The viability
      of the virus was tested after freeze-drying and after it had been stored at
      4degreesC and--20degreesC. It was found that chloroform fully inactivates the
      virus at 4degreesC for 24 hours. The same results were obtained with the use of
      sodium desoxycholate. The strains isolated in this country form plaques, and with
      some strains the plaques are of a varying size. Halogenic desoxyuridines (IUDR,
      BUDR), as well as 8-azoridine do not suppress the multiplication of the tested
      TGE strains even in high concentrations. Inhibitory effect has 5-bromurazyl which
      in given concentrations affects the titer of the virus and the size of the
      plaques formed. Two Bulgarian and two reference strains have lowered their plaque
      forming titer by 2 log after being treated with rifamycin-B or rifampicin.

PMID- 175557
TI  - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in children: liver ultrastructure and
      speculations (author's transl)].
AB  - Fourteen liver biopsies from twelve young patients with liver diseases associated
      with homozygous, PiZZ phenotype, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in their sera
      were examined by electron microscopy. In all these biopsies characteristic
      homogeneous material was found in some hepatocytes and corresponded, when
      observed on adjacent semithin sections by light microscopy, to the deposit
      stained by periodic acid Schiff reaction. The accumulation in perinuclear spaces
      resulted in intranuclear invaginations, but the major deposit was located in
      lumens of the endoplasmic reticulum. The limiting membranes were rough and smooth
      but the extent of the latter was so large that only this type of reticulum seemed
      peculiarly involved in the accumulating process. On the contrary, Golgi complexes
      did not seen obligatorily involved by this process because, when observed, they
      appeared almost normal even in heavily overloaded liver cells. At least for the
      PiZZ phenotype, the abnormal substance would be an asialo form of normal alpha-1
      antitrypsin. Thus the subject of this study is the morphologic translation of an
      impairment in the synthesis of a glycoprotein. In the light of data concerning
      the synthesis of such proteins our findings lead us to suggest: The
      ultrastructural patterns observed in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency cannot give
      the expected morphologic evidence of the biochemical data which locate the first
      binding steps of monosaccharide residues in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The
      absence of sialic acid could not result from an enzymatic defect primarily
      located in Golgi complexes but could be secondary to an impairment in the binding
      of one monosaccharide residue which improves subsequent fixation of sialic acid,
      in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Finally it seems necessary to emphasize that
      the relationship between the abnormal substance and various important non
      specific lesions is largely unknown and that we don't know the significance of
      polymorphous dense bodies observed in ductular cells during the cholestatic
      period.

PMID- 175558
TI  - [Comparative light and electron microscopic studies of oncocytic pituitary
      adenomas (author's transl)].
AB  - In a collection of 108 surgically removed, light and electron microscopically
      studied pituitary tumors, 19 adenomas (17.6%) could be found of which oncocytic
      tumor cells constituted more than 50%. These showed histologically, in conformity
      with the criteria of oncocytes, a fairly broad cytoplasm with finely granular or,
      in part, finely vacuolar structures and distinct cell membranes. The nuclei were
      predominantly round and moderately rich in chromatin but also in part, pyknotic.
      In paraffin-embedded sections the tumors could not be distinguished with
      certainty from chromophobe or moderately granulated acidophil adenomas. In
      plastic-embedded sections they could be identified by the typical filmy and
      finely granular feature of the cytoplasm which was distinctly different from
      conglomerations of secretory granules. Ultrastructurally they were characterized
      by many densely packed mitochondria. These were, in part, hydropically swollen.
      Furthermore, 5 tumors exhibited increased hormone-synthesizing organelles, 2 of
      which induced an acromegaly. Probably the oncocytic pituitary adenomas are
      secondarily transformed chromophobe or moderately chromophil tumors which must be
      regarded as independent, for the most part endocrinologically inactive pituitary
      tumors. In addition to these purely or almost purely oncocytic tumors further 12
      adenomas (11.1%) with oncocytic parts constituting between 10 and 50% of the
      tissue were in our collection. Of these, 5 were moderately or distinctly
      acidophil adenomas with clinical symptoms of acromegaly; 2 were, for the most
      part, mucoid cell adenomas with Nelson's syndrome.

PMID- 175559
TI  - [Paracrystallic, intraplasmatic inclusion bodies in human hepatocytes: a
      structural analytic study (author's transl)].
AB  - Electron micrographs from intraplasmatic inclusion bodies of human hepatocytes
      are described; these paracrystallic aggregations consist of helically arranged
      filaments. All the observed periodic structures within these bodies can be
      indicated as originating from the same compound by the use of the Frauenhofer
      diffraction pattern. Concerning the genesis of these characteristically
      structured bodies two possibilities are discussed: 1. A special polymeric form of
      fibrinogen and fibrin built up in vivo. 2. Polymerization of a monomeric enzyme,
      for example, glutamate dehydrogenase, to paracrystallic bodies by fixation
      dependent cross-linkages.

PMID- 175560
TI  - Ultrastructures of glosso-palatal fusion after treatment of meclozine
      hydrochloride.
AB  - The behavior of the epithelial cells on the tongue and palatal processes during
      glosso-palatal fusion induced by Meclozine-hydrochloride was investigated with
      light and electron microscopes. Microscopical observations revealed that; at two
      or three days after the administration, the palatal processes were approximating
      to the tongue, and the superficial cells on the lateral sides of tongue became
      swollen and to have inclusion bodies, and in the epithelium on the medial sides
      of palatal processes, some inclusion bodies appeared too. At the time of contact,
      the superficial epithelial cells of tongue tended to degenerate markedly, and
      these degenerating cells were dissociated from the epithelium, and concurrently,
      superficial layer of the palatal epithelium became to have a lot of inclusion
      bodies. Between the two tissues, attachment devices developed just after the
      contact, and then, the cells in the intervening epithelial lining fell into a
      degeneration gradually. As well known, Meclozine-hydrochloride is one of
      important miner tranquilizers. From the findings mentioned above, it seemed to be
      possible that a heterotopic fusion caused with this drug is a result of a
      destruction of embryonic epithelium on tongue and palatal processes at a certain
      stage of development.

PMID- 175562
TI  - Clones with distinct cytopathology of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1).

PMID- 175561
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of plasma lipoproteins in human intracranial
      arteries.
AB  - The fine-structural localization of apoB, the major protein constituent of both
      the low and very low density plasma lipoprotein fractions, was described in human
      middle cerebral and basilar arteries. Using an immunoperoxidase technique
      together with electron microscopy, apoB was localized only in arteries with
      atherosclerotic involvement and to the following regions in these arteries: 1. on
      the outer aspects of extracellular spherical structures with diameters of 250 to
      700 A found predominantly in lipid cores and between bands of collagen fibers of
      advanced atherosclerotic lesions; 2. on the surface of reduplicated elastica; 3.
      along collagen fibers and; 4. on aggregates of extracellular spherical lipid
      globules. These results suggest that the extracellular spheres may represent the
      fine-structural morphology of deposited low and very low density lipoproteins and
      that free apoB may be bound to lipid globules, elastica, and collagen fibers.

PMID- 175563
TI  - The presence of complement fixing antibodies to Rous sarcoma virus (Schmidt
      Ruppin strain) in patients with various forms of neoplasia.
AB  - The presence in men of antibodies to Rous sarcoma virus, an oncogenic virus of
      avian origin, was demonstrated. The highest antibody incidence was found in
      patients with various forms of cancer (34.4%, as against the value of 12%
      recorded in blood donors); these patients also showed an increased antibody level
      - 1/64 titers were detected in 43 out of 7 patients. The possibility of a human
      infection with animal oncogenic viruses is discussed, without excluding the
      hypothesis of a paraimmune reaction.

PMID- 175564
TI  - [Type II primary hyperlipoproteinemia: effect of dietary treatment and
      cholestyramine on serum lipids and lipoproteins].

PMID- 175565
TI  - [Effect of Polyakov's "prints" on the catalytic properties of an enzyme substrate
      system].
AB  - Silicagels, formed in presence of an enzyme (histidine decarboxylase from
      Micrococcus sp. n.), substrate (L-histidine-HCl-H2O) and inhibitor (imidazole)
      (so-called Polyakov's "print") exhibited specific catalytic properties in the
      reaction of L-histidine decarboxylation. The "prints" of the enzyme, inhibitor
      and substrate increased the activity of the enzyme-substrate system studied. The
      increased activity was probably due to the specific adsorption of imidazole ring
      of the substrate molecule by the "print".

PMID- 175566
TI  - [Stimulation by cyclic adenosine-3'5'-monophosphate by Na+, K+-activated ATPase
      from rabbit kidney].
AB  - Cyclic 3',5-AMP in vitro increased the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase, isolated from
      cortex and medulla of rabbit kidney. Maximal stimulating effect was observed in
      kidney cortex at 10(-6) M concentration and in medulla at 10(-4) M concentration
      of 3',5'-AMP. Under these conditions the enzymatic activity was increased by 24.6
      +/- 4.1% and 27.9 +/- 7.7%, respectively. These data suggest that Na+, K+-ATPase,
      activated by cyclic 3',5'-AMP, is directly involved in the mechanism of Na+
      transport in cells of osmoregulating organs.

PMID- 175567
TI  - [Fluorimetric ultramicrodetermination of the dansyl derivatives of cyclic 3'5-AMP
      by thin-layer chromatography].
AB  - A new fluoriemtric ultramicromethod was developed for quantiative determination
      of cyclic 3',5'-AMP as derivative of dansyl chloride using silica gel thin-layer
      chromatography. In presence of dansyl chloride cyclic 3',5'-AMP formed a
      fluorescent complex. A spot of dansyl derivative of cyclic 3',5'-AMP was
      photographed on a reversible colour film, after which the colour intensity of the
      spot on the film was determined directly by a special densitometer. Content of
      cyclic 3',5'-AMP was studied in different regions of rat brain. The in fluence of
      some psychotropic drugs on the level of cyclic 3',5'-AMP was studied using this
      method. The method was highly sensitive and reproducible and enabled to determine
      10(-10) -- 10(-11) M cyclic 3',5'-AMP.

PMID- 175569
TI  - [Isolation and identification of autoimmune lipoprotein-antibody complex from
      blood serum of rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis].

PMID- 175568
TI  - [Solubilization of cytochrome c in ischemic liver tissue].
AB  - Dynamics of cytochrome oxidase inactivation was studied in ischemic liver tissue
      using tetramethyl paraphenylene diamine (TMPD-oxidase) and cytochrome c
      (cytochrome c oxidase) as substrates. The cytochrome c ovidase activity was
      determined in presence of low concentrations (0.03%) of Triton X-100 (the total
      activity) and without the detergent (the free activity). Within 60 min after the
      restriction of oxygen supply to the liver tissue TMPD-oxidase was inactivated
      almost completely, at the same time cytochrome c oxidase maintained its activity.
      The free enzymatic activity became equal to the total activity; this phenomenon
      demonstrated an increased permeability of the external mitochondrial membrane for
      cytochrome c. The decrease in the TMPD-oxidase activity was considered to be due
      to the cytochrome c solubilization. This assumption was supported by the
      experiments, in which the addition of cytochrome c into the incubation mixture
      restored the enzymatic activity to the initial level. Hypotonic solutions and
      treatment of mitochondria with phospholipase A were found to simulate the
      impairment of the organelles in ischemic liver tissue. Increased peroxidation of
      unsaturated fatty acids in presence of ascorbic acid and ferrous ions was not
      accompanied by solubilization of cytochrome c.

PMID- 175570
TI  - [Mechanism of changes in oxidative phosphorylation in the kidney in nephropathy
      caused by post-transfusion complications].
AB  - A decrease in cytochrome c oxidase activity was observed in kidney tissue within
      40 min after the transfusion of incompatible blood; at the same time, the
      succinate dehydrogenase activity was not altered. Opposite ratios (as compared
      with normal kidney) of the enzymatic activities were found within 24 hrs after a
      heterohemotransfusion. An addition of 5 M succinate to the kidney homogenate in
      vitro or administration of the substance at a dose of 8 mg per 100 g of body
      weight in vivo caused an activation of free oxidation and a decrease of
      phosphorylation. The addition of 50 M succinate, combined with hexokinase and
      NADH2, into the homogenate distinctly increased both the rate of tissue
      respiration and the coupled phosphorylation.

PMID- 175571
TI  - [Effect of ACTH on the excretion of acid glycosaminoglycans in urine and on the
      content of haptoglobin in blood serum of rats in acute aseptic inflammation].
AB  - In aseptic inflammation an increase in excretion of acid glucosoaminoglycans with
      urine of rats was an earlier evidence for destructive processes in the main
      substance of connective tissues than an increase in content of haptoglobin in
      blood serum. The increase in content of haptoglobin in blood serum was probably
      caused by beginning reparative processes in the centre of impairment. The centre
      of inflammation, caused by subcutaneous administration of turpentine
      simultaneously with repeated injections of high doses of ACTH, was maintained in
      the rats longer than in animals, which were not treated with ACTH. In the case
      the most distinct increase in excretion of glycosoaminoglycans with urine was
      observed; content of haptoglobin was also increased in blood serum.

PMID- 175572
TI  - [Effect of hydrocortisone on lipid composition of blood serum lipoproteins in the
      development of experimental atherosclerosis].
AB  - Single administration of hydrocortisone into rabbits with experimental
      atherosclerosis increased the content of atherogenous classes of lipoproteins
      (Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) and Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) in the
      animals with distinct atheromatosis. Content of the lipoproteins was decreased in
      animals, which had no atheromatous alterations in aorta under the effect of
      atherogenous diet. Within 5 hrs after the single administration of hydrocortisone
      in rabbits with pronounced atheromatosis of aorta relative content of cholesterol
      was increased in the VLDL fraction. In rabbits, resistant to development of
      atheromatosis, composition of VLDL was not altered. Under the effect of
      hydrocortisone the LDL fraction fo lipid composition was altered in the direction
      of relative increase in triglycerides content. In the LDL fractions subfractions
      were observed, which were similar to the VLDL in their cholesterol/triglycerides
      ratios. The data obtained suggest that in blood plasma transformation of the
      lipoproteins was impaired under the effect of hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone
      influenced the spectrum and lipid composition of lipoproteins in blood serum
      independently of the degree of hypercholesterolaemia.

PMID- 175573
TI  - [A modified method for phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthesis].
AB  - A modified method for synthesis of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) from
      ribose-5-phosphate and ATP in presence of ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinase
      (RPPPK) was developed. RPPPK was isolated from extracts of acetone powder of
      rabbit liver tissue, using alcohol fractionation of proteins. The protein
      fraction, containing RPPPK, was isolated at 35% saturation with 96% ethyl
      alcohol. The identification of the synthesized preparation of PRPP was carried
      out in enzymatic reaction with adenine- and inosine phosphoribosyl transferases,
      using labelled adenine and guanine. The obtained product of reaction (AMP and
      GMP) were precipitated with lantane chloride.

PMID- 175574
TI  - [Malignant giant cell synoviomas].

PMID- 175575
TI  - [Ultramorphometry of cells in a hamster embryo fibroblast culture following
      transformation by Rous sarcoma virus].
AB  - Changes in mitochondria, ergastoplasma and the polyribosomal apparatus of FHE
      (fibroblasts of hamster embryo) cell culture were studied in the kinetics of
      their malignification with Rous sarcoma virus. Considerable alterations were
      revealed in the organization of protein-synthetising cytoplasmic organells,
      manifested in the pronounced enhancement of nonspecific protein synthesis and
      reduction of ergastoplasma. This process starts immediately after the infection
      and shows a character approximating the exponents. On the part of the
      mitochondrial apparatus no differences between the experiment and control were
      revealed.

PMID- 175576
TI  - [The effect of hydrocortisone on RNA synthesis in the nuclei of rat liver cells
      and in Zazhdel ascitic hepatoma].

PMID- 175577
TI  - [A kinetic analysis of the growth of transplanted tumors and their metastasis].
AB  - Under study were kinetic regularities in development and incorporation of tritium
      labelled thymidine into cells of two experimental metastasizing tumors -- Zajdela
      ascites hepatoma and Walker carcinosarcoma, transplanted intratesticulary.
      Primary tumors and their metastases in regional lymph nodes show certain
      differences relative both to the rate of the process and intensity of the DNA
      synthesis, and relative number of cells with incorporated labelled thymidine.

PMID- 175578
TI  - A new serum lipoprotein associated erythrocyte antigen which reacts with a
      monoclonal IgM. The stored human red blood cell SHRBC antigen.
AB  - A monoclonal IgM (IgM) was found to react with stored human red blood cells
      (SHRBC) and human low density lipoprotein (LDL). IgM Re Fab fragment was
      reactive. SHRBC antigen was present, in a hidden state, in all fresh human ABO
      erythrocytes studies; it was not present in fresh or stored animal RBC. Cross
      reactivity of SHRBC and LDL antigens against IgM Re and IgM Re Fab was
      demonstrated. In contrast with SHRBC antigen, LDL antigen has no species
      specificity and was also found in rabbit and rat LDL. Furthermore, cross-reacting
      soluble inhibitors were also found in human saliva, and in a small molecule
      fraction issued from human and rabbit serum. The IgM Re also reacted with human
      and animal glomerular membrane. These findings are suggestive of two closely
      related but not identical antigens: a human specific SHRBC antigen and a LDL
      associated, SHRBC-like antigen, which is a secreted, non-human specific
      substance. The former is part of the human RBC structure, the latter is a soluble
      molecule which may be found in saliva and in serum where it may be free or bound
      to LDL; it also binds to glomerular membranes.

PMID- 175579
TI  - [2 types of oncornavirus viroins in epithelial cells from human milk].
AB  - Virions of types B and C similar to previously known mammal oncornaviruses were
      found in tissue cultures prepared from epithelial cells sedimented from the milk
      of a lactating woman with mammary cancer (HEC-31) and the milk of two clinically
      normal women (HEC-33 and HEC-34). In HEC-33 culture type C particles were
      predominant quantitatively. All the three milk specimens gave an identical
      precipitation line with antiserum for the milk of the mammary cancer patient as
      well as sequences forming molecular hybrids with DNA product of oncornavirus type
      D. At the same time, no positive immunologic reaction was obtained with the test
      system for oncornavirus type D from HEp-2 cells.

PMID- 175580
TI  - [Development of poliovirus infection in laboratory animals of different species].
AB  - The capacity of vaccine and virulent strains of poliomyelitis virus to multiply
      in laboratory animals of different species was studied. Virus reproduction was
      judged by formation of photoresistant virus progeny in response to inoculation of
      the animals with photosensitized virus. Multiplication of virulent poliomyelitis
      virus strains observed in the majority of animal species examined (monkeys,
      newborn and adult cotton rats, newborn and adult white mice, chickens, chick
      embryos) resulted in active formation of photoresistant virus population and in
      some cases was accompanied by clinical symptoms of the disease. Multiplication of
      vaccine strains was observed in a smaller number of animal species and was
      limited, as a rule. Among non-primate animals, newborn cotton rats were most
      susceptible to poliovirus infection. Newborn guinea pigs were the only species of
      laboratory animals in which no multiplication of any of the six strains under
      study could be detected.

PMID- 175581
TI  - [Virological study of simian hemorrhagic fever].
AB  - The results of a comparative study of different routes of inoculation of simian
      hemorrhagic fever (SHF) virus to Macaca monkeys are presented as well as the
      results of virological examinations of sick animals. Only the parenteral route of
      inoculation has been found to be effective. After virus penetration, a long-term
      viremia and generalization of the infection are observed. The virus is found in
      the brain, the spinal cord and bone marrow, the spleen, the liver, the kidneys,
      the cerebrospinal fluid, the urine and nasopharyngeal washings. By the
      fluorescent antibody technique the virus-specific antigen is demonstrated in the
      capillary endothelium, neurons and glial cells of the brain, and in the reticulo
      endothelial and macrophagal elements of parenchymatous organs.

PMID- 175582
TI  - [Use of the immunofluorescence test in the differential diagnosis of acute and
      latent adenovirus infections in adult].
AB  - Regular laboratory and clinical examinations were carried out in 150 patients
      with acute respiratory diseases and 25 normal subjects from family foci in whom
      adenovirus antigen was found in the epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa by means
      of the immunofluorescence test upon admission. By combinations of various
      laboratory methods adenovirus infection was confirmed in all the subjects under
      study. In preparations obtained from normal subjects, predominantly nuclear
      localization of adenovirus antigen was observed. In patients, localization of the
      antigen varied. Detection of cells with nuclear localization of adenovirus
      antigen, the regularity of this localization and the duration of this finding
      suggest latent infection, whereas findings of cells with cytoplasmic localization
      of the antigen and an increase in the number of such cells in the course of the
      disease suggest active adenovirus infection.

PMID- 175583
TI  - [Detection of C-type virus particles in the spleen of low leukemia C57BL mice].

PMID- 175584
TI  - [Indirect hemagglutination test as a rapid method for the diagnosis of human
      cytomegalovirus infection].

PMID- 175585
TI  - [Preparation of immune serums for the identification of rhinoviruses].
AB  - Six schedules of immunization of rabbits, guinea pigs and rats for production of
      antirhinovirus immune sera were studied. Sera with virus-neutralizing antibody
      titers of 1:1000 to 1:50,000 were obtained in rabbits immunized into popliteal
      lymph nodes. The resulting sera had high titers of antibody to cell components
      and neutralized the cytopathic effect induced by heterologous strains. Sera from
      which cell components had been absorbed showed strict type-specificity in the
      neutralization and indirect immunofluorescent tests. A mixture of sera has been
      shown to be useful for identification of rhinoviruses by the immunofluorescent
      procedure.

PMID- 175586
TI  - [Primary carcinomas of the small intestine].

PMID- 175587
TI  - [A contribution to treatment of Krukenberg's tumor].

PMID- 175588
TI  - Turban tumor.

PMID- 175589
TI  - [A case of liver carcinoma with skeletal metastases resembling multiple myeloma].

PMID- 175590
TI  - [The role of cyclic AMP and Ca in the altered permeability of tumour cells grown
      with a deficiency of Mg].
AB  - Yoshida-Ascites tumour cells grown with a deficiency of Mg show an increased
      passive permeability. This results in an accelerated efflux of Na+. The uptake of
      aminobutyric acid is decreased, while its release is unchanged. The uptake and
      release of alpha-methylglucopyranoside are unchanged. In the cells grown with a
      deficiency of Mg, the concentration of cyclic AMP is slightly increased. The
      addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP results in similar but smaller changes in the
      cellular concentration of cations, to those found in Mg deficiency. It is
      suggested that the effects of Mg deficiency result from the action of cyclic AMP
      and/or an increase in the Ca concentration of the cell.

PMID- 175591
TI  - [Biochemical investigations of cancer cachexia: I. Tumour induced changes of
      glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis of Walker carcinoma bearing rats (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Rats (weight 150-200 g) bearing Walker-carcinoma showed tumour size dependent
      hypoglycemia, diminished mobilization of glycogen following glucagon stimulation
      and elevated values of the enzyme activity of glucose-6-(P)-ase. A further
      hormonal stimulation of this enzyme activity towards the values observed in
      normal rats after betamethasone stimulation was not possible. The values of the
      enzyme fructose-1,6-di-(P)-ase in liver of tumour bearing rats equalled those
      found in normal controls and did not show any rise after application of
      betamethasone. The serum levels of free fatty acids did not show any difference
      between normal controls and tumour bearing rats, and displayed an equal rise
      after intensive stimulation of peripheral lipolysis.

PMID- 175592
TI  - Attempts to induce tubular deformations and subsequent mixed tumours from
      organotypic cultures of mouse renal mesenchyma.
AB  - With the aim of expanding knowledge on the pathogenesis of nephroblastomata, an
      embryological organ culture system (Grobstein, 1956) was tested for its
      applicability to in vitro carcinogenesis experiments by using murine sarcoma
      virus (MSV-M) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Treatment of CBA/H-T6 mouse
      metanephrogenic mesenchyma with MSV-M at the pretubular stage neither disturbed
      the glomerulogenesis nor induced rapid malignant transformation. Treatment of the
      same tissues with MCA considerably inhibited the glomerulogenesis but failed to
      also reduce rapid malignant transformation. However, one MSV-M, one MCA and two
      untreated cultures showed malignant transformation after prolonged survival in
      vitro and produced different histological types of tumours upon transplantation
      into newborn CBA/H-T6 mice.

PMID- 175593
TI  - [Transplantable sebaceous adenoma of the mouse with virus particles studied by
      electron microscopy (author's transl)].
AB  - Histology and ultrastructure of a sebaceous adenoma of the mouse -- derived from
      i.p.-injection of 0.1 ml DNA, isolated from cells of a transplantable mouse
      leukemia -- were studied. The original tumour and all transplanted tumours
      display the same tissular differentiation. In all tumours virus particles were
      found. Structure and behaviour of the intracytoplasmic A-particles resemble those
      of the mouse mammary tumour virus while the C-particles found extracellular were
      identical with the leukemia viruses of the mouse. It might be suspected that
      mammary tumour virus and leukemia viruses are either non specific or that a new
      virus is present in the sebaceous adenoma.

PMID- 175594
TI  - 35S incorporation into sulfated mucopolysaccharides from embryonic, normal, and
      neoplastic liver cells.
AB  - The incorporation of 35S into the sulfated mucopolysaccharides from hepatoma,
      normal and embryonic liver cells has been studied by means of anion exchange
      chromatography of the isolated mucopolysaccharide. Comparatively to liver cells,
      while showing a higher labeling of low sulfated mucopolysaccharides the hepatoma
      cells incorporate much less 35S into the heparin fraction.

PMID- 175595
TI  - [Pathogenesis of neural lesions in Marek's disease. II. Transmission of neural
      lesions by spleen cells from ill donors (author's transl) ].
AB  - Viable spleen lymphocytes of 13 chickens with clinical and histological signs of
      Marek's disease were transferred by intravenous injection to 46 chickens 4-10
      days old, X-rayed 24 hours before inoculation. Histologically Marek-like neural
      lesions were almost regularly observed in the chickens after 6-14 days. Chickens
      having received destroyed spleen lymphocytes of Marek-donors were free of nerve
      infiltrations. There were also no neural lesions detectable within 14 days after
      application of pathogenic Marek's disease virus alone, or in combination with
      viable spleen cells from healthy donors immunized against Marek's disease. These
      results exclude that the formation of neural lesions 6-14 days following the
      spleen cell transfer is solely induced by the virus.

PMID- 175596
TI  - Reactions of essential sulfhydryl residues of dehydrogenases with nicotinamide-(S
      methylmercury-thioinosine) dinucleotide.
AB  - Nicotinamide-(S-methylmercury-thioinosine) dinucleotide was formed by reaction of
      nicotinamide-(6-thiopurine) dinucleotide with methylmercury chloride.  The
      compound exhibits coenzyme properties in the test with LDH (Km=1.5 X 10(-4) M,
      Vmax=12500) and LADH (Km=1.7 X 10(-4) M, Vmax=27) and inactivates YADH and GAPDH.
      From incubations with LDH and LADH the mercury containing coenzyme could be
      regarded by column be qualified for the X-ray structure analysis of the coenzyme
      enzyme complex for some dehyrogenases based on the proportion of the heavy metal.

PMID- 175598
TI  - Interaction between dehydrogenases and a new NAD -isomer.
AB  - A new NAD -isomer was prepared, in which the D-ribose of the adenosine moiety was
      substituted by the enantiomeric L-ribose. As compared to nicotinamide-adenine
      dinucleotide (NAD) and NADH the coenzyme isomer (D,L)-NAD and its dihydroform
      (D,L)-NADH are far less tightly bound to lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol
      dehydrogenase from horse liver. In the presence of the second substrate (D,L)-NAD
      and (D,L)-NADH act as hydrogen acceptor and hydrogen donator, respectively, with
      lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenases from horse liver and yeast.
      Compared to NAD and NADH the Michaelis constants are always increased, the
      catalytic constants (V/Et) were found to be decreased except for the dihydroform
      reacting with alcohol dehydrogenase from liver.

PMID- 175597
TI  - Electronic structure and spatial arrangement of C2v-coordinated ferric iron in
      metmyoglobin, metmyoglobin fluoride, and methemoglobin.
AB  - The electronic term scheme of ferric iron in metmyoglobin, metmyoglobin fluoride,
      and methemoglobin is evaluated by a Hamiltonian which involves the Coulomb
      repulsion of the 3d electrons, their interaction with the C2v-coordinated
      ligands, and spin-orbit coupling. The adjustable parameters of the theory were
      determined by a least squares fit to experimental EPR, susceptibility, and far
      infrared data reported in the literature. According to these results, the
      structural properties of the ferric ion and its neighboring ligands were
      discussed by means of group theoretical arguments: An increasing out of plane
      position of the ferric ion is found in the sequence metHb--metMb--MbF which
      corresponds to an increasing binding strength with the axial ligands.

PMID- 175599
TI  - In vitro transformation of chicken bone marrow cells with avian erythroblastosis
      virus.
AB  - An in vitro transformation of bone marrow cells has been demonstrated for two
      strains of avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV-R and AEV-ES4). The transformed
      cells were indistinguishable from in vivo transformed erythroblasts in morphology
      and staining characteristics and could be propagated to large numbers. The
      transformation efficiency could be greatly increased by the addition of
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The number of foci appearing in the presence of DMSO
      was proportional to the virus concentration.

PMID- 175600
TI  - The ultrastructure of macrogametes of Eimeria ferrisi Levine and Ivens 1965 in
      Mus musculus.
AB  - Macrogametes of Eimeria ferrisi occurred in epithelial cells of the cecum and
      colon of Mus musculus and were studied by electron microscopy. Young stages were
      identified as macrogamonts by the presence of wall-forming bodies. At first an
      outerlimiting membrane and remnants of the inner membrane complex of the former
      merozoite pellicle were present; the latter was later lost but in mature
      macrogametes 3 limiting membranes were observed. Type II wall-forming bodies
      appeared before type I; the former developed in expanded cisternae of the
      endoplasmic reticulum whereas the latter were smaller in size and appeared in the
      ground substance of the cytoplasm. After formation of the oocyst wall the bodies
      of the 2 types were no longer visible. The presenceodies of the 2 types were no
      longer visible. The persistence of micronemes in mature macrogametes and the
      presence of numerous layers of rough endoplasmic reticulum during wall formation
      have not been previously reported.

PMID- 175601
TI  - [Ischemic contractures of muscle and nerve lesions (author's transl)].
AB  - Reporting 14 own cases symptomatology and treatment of the common ischemic
      syndromes of the extremities (Volkmann's contracture, thumb adduction contracture
      respectively contracture of the intrinsic hand muscles and anterior tibial
      syndrome) including the regularly concomitant nerve lesions are discussed. Edema
      and compression beyond the primary ischemia are essential factors in pathogenesis
      of nerve and muscle lesions. The electromyographic examination is helpful in
      diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the severe sequelae of nerve and muscle.
      Since late diagnosis yields poor therapeutical results, early recognition of
      ischemic states and prophylaxis are most important.

PMID- 175602
TI  - [Peripheral nerve injury due to total replacement of the hip-joint (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Report on peripheral nerve lesions due to total replacement of the hip-joint
      based on the literature and the authors' own experience. In 15 patients our
      diagnosis was made on clinical and electromyographic evidence. 16 endoprostheses
      had been inserted. The femoral nerve was involved on 12 occasions, the sciatic in
      5, the glutei in 5, the obturator in 2, the lateral cutaneous femoris in 2 and
      the posterior cutaneous in 1 instances. One has to count on about 1% of such
      lesions. This type of paresis has to be distingushed from pseudopareses for which
      electromyography was proved very effective. Damage due to overstretching is
      probably the main cause. Treatment with thorough physiotherapy and faradic
      stimulation is needed. When this is done the prognosis is generally favourable.
      In some cases, however, these complications may limit the success of the
      operation and postoperative disability may be worse than before.

PMID- 175603
TI  - [Prostaglandins and their physiologic role].

PMID- 175604
TI  - [The influence of different hormones on insulin secretion].

PMID- 175605
TI  - [The possible role of neuroglia in nervous system activity].

PMID- 175607
TI  - [Skeletal homeostasis and aging. Studies in human femora (author's transl)].

PMID- 175606
TI  - [The biochemical aspects of estrogen action on normal competent tissues and the
      mechanism of their participation in carcinogenesis].

PMID- 175608
TI  - [Pathological-anatomical aspects of organ-preservation therapy in the early
      stages of breast cancer].

PMID- 175609
TI  - [Definition and malignancy of carcinoma in situ of the mammary gland].

PMID- 175610
TI  - [Proceedings: Differentiation of nephroblastoma].

PMID- 175611
TI  - [Proceedings: Immunologic demonstration of B and A cells in the pancreas of the
      DBA-mouse during EMC-virus infection].

PMID- 175612
TI  - [Isolation of "pregnancy-zone" proteins using immuno absorbents and study of
      possible enzyme activities].
AB  - The purification of the pregnancy zone protein by means of immunoadsorbents is
      described. The pregnancy zone protein antibody was isolated from an absorbed
      rabbit antiserum and coupled with CNBr-activated sepharose. The pregnancy zone
      protein was isolated from pregnancy serum by the specific antibody cross-linked
      with sepharose. Contaminating serum proteins were eliminated by "inverse"
      immunoadsorption using antibodies against these proteins coupled with sepharose.
      An immunoelectrophoretically pure pregnancy zone protein was obtained. By means
      of a combination of immunoprecipitation and enzyme reaction in agar gel could be
      excluded that the pregnancy zone protein possesses activities of the following 11
      enzymes: ceruloplasmin, leucine amino peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, carboxylic
      esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate
      dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, acetyl
      cholinesterase and oxytocinase.

PMID- 175613
TI  - [Formation and persistence of latex-agglutination-inhibiting IgG- and IgM
      antibodies in rabbits inoculated with poliomyelitis, Coxsackie and
      encephalomyocarditis viruses (author's transl)].
AB  - The formation and presistence of virus specific IgG- and IgM-antibodies produced
      in rabbits after a single dose of poliomyelitisvirus, coxsackievirus or
      encephalomyocarditisvirus were tested comparatively by latex-agglutination
      inhibition test, hemagglutination-inhibition test and neutralization test. The
      animals were immunized either intravenously alone or with Freund's complete
      adjuvant. The IgM-antibodies were only detectable for a short time by the three
      tests. In the IgG-fraction and in the unfractionated serum the neutralizing
      antibodies persisted without any loss in titer during the period observed,
      whereas the latex-agglutination-inhibiting and hemagglutination-inhibiting
      antibodies showed a significant decrease. The hemagglutination-inhibiting
      antibodies required 23 weeks (Figure 5), the latex-agglutination-inhibiting
      antibodies 7 weeks (without Freund's complete adjuvant; Figure 1 and 3) or about
      16 weeks (with Freund's complete adjuvant; Figure 2, 4 and 5) respectively to
      decline to 25% of their maximum titer.

PMID- 175614
TI  - Studies on the energetic metabolism of Shigella flexneri x Escherichia coli
      hybrids devoid of penetration ability. III. Catalase and phosphatase activity.
AB  - The catalase and phosphatase activity of avirulent by keratoconjunctival test of
      guinea pigs lac+, kcp- hybrids that have lost their ability of penetrating in the
      epithelium, received from virulent strains Shigella flexneri (Sh. flexneri 222 5a
      and Sh. flexneri M42-43) and donor strains Escherichia coli (E. coli K-12, P4x
      and E. coli H) was investigated. It was established that there is no any
      dependence between the lost of virulence of the hybrids and the level of the
      catalase activity. During the study of the phosphatase activity it was
      established, that in comparison with the recipient virulent shigella strains, the
      investigated avirulent lac+-hybrids revealed higher values of the enzyme
      activity.

PMID- 175615
TI  - [Aeromonas punctata subsp. caviae as the causative agent of acute gastroenteritis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Since in the past, Aeromonas hydrophila had been isolated from all cases of human
      infection described. A. punctata and the anaerogenic sub-species were considered
      as apathogenic. From the case described, a close association between acute
      diarrhea with vomiting and the identification of A. punctata subsp. caviae
      becomes evident so that a conditional pathogenicity of this sub-species must be
      assumed. The question is discussed whether a preceding disturbance of the
      intestinal habitat in the presence of a particular susceptibility of the
      gastrointestinal tract promoted gastro-enteritis. Infection may have been brought
      about by the ingestion of surface water contaminated by sewage. Attention is
      again drawn to the fact that in the case of enteritis occuring during the open
      air bathing season, faeces samples should also be examined for their Aeromonas
      content which may be performed by a simple indophenol or so-called cytochrome
      oxidase reaction of the aerobic flora in feces by rubbing off colonies into a
      corresponding test strip.

PMID- 175616
TI  - Serologic examination of birds from the area of Southern Moravia for the presence
      of antibodies against arboviruses of the groups alfa, flavo, Bunyamwera
      supergroup, and the virus Yaba 1-Lednice 110. I. Domestic fowls.
AB  - 196 geese, 141 ducks, and 100 hens from 9 localities of the South Moravian region
      (District of Breclav) were examined by means of the haemagglutination-inhibition
      test (HIT) for the presence of antibodies against 12 arbovirus antigens of the
      groups Alfavirus (Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE), Eastern Equine Encephalitis
      (EEE), Semliki, Sindbis, Chikungunya, O'nyong-nyong), Flavovirus (Tick-borne
      Encephalitis (TBE), Dengue and West Nile Virus (WN), Bunyamwera Supergroup (Tahna
      and Beta Calovo), and the Yaba 1-Lednice 110 Virus. In tested fowls antibodies
      were mostly found against Yaba 1-Lednice 110 Virus, namely 3.6% in geese and
      17.7% in ducks. Antibodies against Calovo Virus were found in only 1 of the
      tested ducks. All sera of hens were negative. Antibodies against arboviruses of
      the Alfa-and Flavovirus groups were not detected.

PMID- 175617
TI  - Receptor for 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone from Streptomyces hydrogenans.
AB  - Streptomyces hydrogenans exhibits binding activity for 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone
      (17 beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one) in vivo. A cell free homogenate from the
      microorganism binds 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone in vitro as well. The association
      constant is 10(8) M-1 at 4 degrees C. Progesterone, but neither testerone nor
      cyproterone, competes with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone for binding. The binding
      fraction from Streptomyces hydrogenans permits a simple assay for 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone in biological samples.

PMID- 175618
TI  - [Functional topography of somatic muscles in euciscus idus].
AB  - The intensity of tissue respiration and anaerobic glycolysis, as well as the
      activity of succinic oxidase, cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase and
      ATPase in skeletal muscles of the ide L. idus significantly increase from head to
      tail. Cranio-caudal gradients of the intensity of tissue respiration and the
      enzymic activity are especially evident in the red muscle, namely m. lateralis
      superficialis. In white m. lateralis magnus, the gradient of glycolytic activity
      is most pronounced. Biochemical and morphological peculiarities of muscles are
      discussed in relation to functional profile of the latter.

PMID- 175619
TI  - [The effect of arecoline on the structure of sleep and wakefulness in hens].
AB  - In chronic experiments on hens, studies have been made on the role of cholinergic
      mechanisms in regulation of the cycles "awakefulness-sleep". A cholinomimetic,
      arecoline, was used which stimulates M-cholinoreceptive brain neurons. Arecoline
      was injected intramuscularly in a dose 0.2 mg/kg of body weight. It was shown
      that cholinergic mechanisms are involved into the formation of "awakefulness
      sleep" cycles in hens. Activation of these mechanisms facilitates paradoxical
      stage of sleep and expecially such its components as rapid eye movements, the
      decrease of tonus in neck muscles and, presumably, ponto-geniculo-occipital
      discharge. Arecolin affects not only the structure of paradoxical sleep, but both
      the awakefulness and mechanisms of slow-wave sleep stage.

PMID- 175620
TI  - [An experimental study of mixed tularemia and Omsk hemorrhagic fever infection in
      muskrats].
AB  - Musk-rats were infected simultaneously and at three-day interval with tularemia
      and Omsk hemorrhagic fever (OHF); the course of this mixed infection under the
      mentioned conditions were studied. Virological, microbiological and morphological
      data indicated that infection of musk-rats with OHF and tularemia caused
      development of mixed infection in them. A more severe course of mixed infection
      was associated with enhanced vascular affections caused by the action of the OHF
      virus. An inhibition of tularemia caused by the OHF development was noted in the
      course of mixed infection.

PMID- 175621
TI  - Glucocorticoid therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Several uncontrolled early studies established that corticosteroid administration
      to patients with ischemic heart disease and cardiogenic shock was relatively
      safe. Whether or not the glucocorticoids were of benefit or not remained unclear
      when mortality was used as an index of efficacy. Hemodynamically, glucocorticoids
      may decrease peripheral vascular resistance, increase cardiac output and coronary
      blood flow, but leave myocardial contractility unchanged. The mean arterial
      pressure may vary unpredictably. The increase in coronary blood flow may
      certainly be advantageous in treating patients with acute myocardial infarction.
      The decrease in infarct size recently reported, if confirmed in man, would also
      be desirable. However, there is a paucity of good data concerning the effects of
      corticosteroids in man postinfarction. In addition, through unproved mechanisms,
      the corticosteroids decrease the extent and severity of myocardial ischemic
      injury. While these fundamental actions may not result in improved mortality,
      ongoing studies suggest that minimization of ischemic injury may ultimately prove
      to be most rewarding in the prevention of cardiogenic shock.

PMID- 175623
TI  - Polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes and sulfate uptake of the
      gastric epithelial cells of Xenodon merremii Wagler, 1824 (Ophidia): an
      histochemical and autoradiographic study.
AB  - Several histochemical tests were applied to the lining and glandular gastric
      epithelium of Xenodon merremii. Our observations, after discussion and
      interpretation, conducted to the following conclusions: 1. the surface epithelial
      cells, the neck cells, the body cells and the pyloric cells showed neutral
      polysaccharides, arginine, tyrosine, cysteine, acid phosphatase, AMPase and
      esterase. 2. besides these substances, in the surface epithelial cells was found
      tryptophan and in the body cells tryptophan and RNA.

PMID- 175624
TI  - [Fluorometric detection of the quality of FITC-conjugates for parainfluenca
      diagnosis in the FAT (author's transl)].

PMID- 175622
TI  - Stimulatory effect of FSH in vitro on the extracellularly active cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase in the prepubertal rat ovary.
AB  - Intact prepubertal rat ovaries were incubated with radioactively labelled
      adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in Krebs bicarbonate buffer
      containing glucose. The rate of degradation of cAMP was determined by measuring
      the radioactivity in the medium after precipitation with Ba(OH)2 and ZnSO4. The
      fate of the nucleotide was followed by measuring the products in the incubation
      medium. Paper chromatography was used for the separation and identification of
      these products. It was found that cAMP was degraded to AMP, which in turn was
      degraded to inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine. An uptake of labelled
      products was also observed. NIH-FSH-S9 (10 and 100 mug/ml), but not NIH-LH-B8
      (0.1-100 mug/ml), increased the degradation of cAMP. Concomitantly, an increased
      accumulation of labelled adenosine and Pi as well as an increased uptake of
      labelled products were seen. Kinetic studies with low concentrations of cAMP
      (0.125-0.025 mumol/l) revealed an apparent Km value of 0.12 mumol/l for the
      phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. FSH significantly changed the slope of the
      curve in the Lineweaver-Burk plot by increasing the PDE activity. The increased
      PDE activity in the presence of FSH is discussed in relation to earlier findings
      of differences in action betweeh LH and FSH on the cAMP system in the prepubertal
      rat ovary.

PMID- 175625
TI  - Histochemical localization of hydrolytic enzymes in the buffalo spermatozoa.
AB  - A histochemical study was made of the localization of alkaline and acid
      phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATPase in the ejaculated buffalo spermatozoa.
      Most of these hydrolytic enzymes were localized in the mid-piece, and post
      nuclear cap. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were also present in the
      acrosome. The presence of hydrolytic enzymes at these sites is discussed and
      correlated with the permeability and transport processes across the membranes of
      spermatozoa as well as with the process of energy production and fertilization.

PMID- 175626
TI  - Thyroid C-cells in normal and goitrous gland: a histochemical study.
AB  - 16 cases of goiter were examined for C-cells and 4 cases with normal thyroid
      gland. C-cells identification was based on masked metachromasia. There was stated
      both in toxic, atoxic goitrous tissue two forms of C-cells. The first
      characterized by positive metachromatic reaction and weak argyrophinty, the
      second type of C-cells were orthochromatic and argyrophilic. Metachromatic C
      cells characterized as a rule by high alpha glycero phosphate menadione reductase
      as well succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase.

PMID- 175627
TI  - Intracranial hemangiopericytoma: ultrastructural evidence of its leiomyoblastic
      differentiation.
AB  - Two intracranial hemangiopericytomas revealed subcellular features of the
      neoplastic elements comparable to those observed in normal and neoplastic smooth
      muscle. These included intracytoplasmic and submembranous fusiform dense bodies
      associated with bundles of filaments, tapered configuration of cells with
      grouping of cytoplasmic organelles at nuclear poles and deposition of
      intercellular basal lamina-like material. These observations are consistent with
      the pericytic origin but opposed to the ofttimes postulated meningothelial
      derivation of the neoplasm.

PMID- 175629
TI  - Differential morphological reaction of experimental CNS tumour clones in vitro to
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP or serum-free medium, resp.
AB  - Six clones from methylnitrosourea (MNU) or ethylnitrosourea (ENU) induced tumours
      obtained in the nervous system of the rat were cultured in serum-free medium or
      treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP) in vitro. All clones originated from
      longterm cultures. Three clones forming sarcomas after syngeneic transplantation
      showed only very slight changes following treatment, whereas the three glioma
      clones showed striking alterations. They formed long processes or showed rounding
      of their perikarya. In serum-free medium the cellular shape is intermediate
      between that seen in normal conditions and the seen in db cAMP treated cultures.
      The altered cultures resemble the primary cultures of the respective tumours. The
      relationship of these alterations to tumour types are discussed.

PMID- 175628
TI  - Some effects of intracerebral lead implantation in the rat.
AB  - Pellets of lead acetate were implanted into the forebrains of adult rats which
      were sacrificed at intervals between 4 days and 4 weeks thereafter. Parenchymal 
      necrosis and a number of reactive changes including edema and macrophage invasion
      were observed. Lead deposits were found in the extracellular spaces and within
      macrophages but only to a slight extent within glial or meningeal cells. Vascular
      changes were quite remarkable and included proliferation and the appearance of
      fenestrated blood vessels as well as some with tubular bodies and striking
      increases in the number of pinocytotic vesicles.

PMID- 175630
TI  - The myocardium in Lafora disease.

PMID- 175631
TI  - Chemotherapeutic effects of some alkylating derivatives of nitrosourea on the
      development of tumors transplacentally induced in rats by ENU.
AB  - The application of BCNU, CCNU and MeCCNU has been shown to greatly reduce the
      number of tumors induced in rats by transplacentally administered ENU and to
      inhibit the full development of tumor proliferation. Moreover, no neurinomas
      appeared after treatment with CCNU. The application of GCNU proved to be much
      less effective. Our statistics in the form of tables showing these findings are
      included and discussed.

PMID- 175632
TI  - Mononucleosis-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
AB  - A thirteen-year-old girl died of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) which
      occurred as part of a complex encephalitic illness related to acute infectious
      mononucleosis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) fluorescent
      antibody (FA) titer was 1:64. Electron microscopic examination revealed 17
      nanometer (nm) diameter paramyxovirus-like nucleocapsids in brain sections and 90
      nm diameter herpes virus-like enveloped particles in negatively stained brain
      tissue extracts. Indirect FA staining of cerebral cortex sections demonstrated
      both measles and EBV antigenic material. EBV antigenic material has not
      previously been demonstrated in brain tissue. The proportion of B lymphocytes
      among the patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes was significantly increased as
      compared to normal controls, while the T lymphocyte percentage was normal. It is
      suggested that defects in cellular immunity associated with infectious
      mononucleosis may have been responsible for activation of latent measles-like
      virus. This is the tenth reported case in which two viruses have been associated
      with SSPE. This is the third instance in the authors' experience in which acute
      EBV infection has occurred coincident with the development of SSPE.

PMID- 175633
TI  - [Niemann-Pick disease (Crocker's type C): ultrastructural study of a case
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report electron microscopic findings in brain, bone marrow and liver
      biopsies in a case of juvenile Niemann-Pick disease (Crocker's type C). The
      diagnosis was supported by clinical data increase of blood sphingomyelin and
      vacuolated histiocytes in bone marrow and liver. Neurons and glial cells were
      filled with two types of cytosomes: classical multilamellar bodies and unusual
      pleiomorphic bodies. The latter type probably showed some lipofuscinic component.
      The relationship between type C and classical Niemann-Pick disease is discussed.

PMID- 175634
TI  - Ultrastructure of the Gunn rat substantia nigra. II. Mitochondrial changes.
AB  - The substantia nigra of hyperbilirubinemic (Gunn) rats was studied using light
      and electron microscopic techniques. PAS-positive inclusions were observed within
      the neuronal somata of animals 2 to 12 weeks old. Incubation of tissue sections
      in 0.5% diastase inhibited most of the positive PAS reaction, thus indicating the
      intraneuronal presence of glycogen. Electron microscopic examination of the
      tissue substantiated the histochemical data. Mitochondria in neuronal somata
      contained collections of osmiophilic granules, 200-300 A diameter, in their
      intracristal (intermembrane) space. These granules were typical of beta-glycogen
      particles. In increasingly older animals (from 2 to 12 weeks old) progressively
      fewer collections of intramitochondrial glycogen were observed. In these same
      animals there was, however, a concomitant increase of osmiophilic granules, 400
      600 A diameter, located in the cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum. These
      granules corresponded to alpha-glycogen. After 12 weeks of age, only occasional
      glycogen granules were seen in either the mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum.
      It is suggested that the intramitochondrial glycogen represents an alternate
      means by which the neuron is able to manufacture ATP following the disruption of
      oxydative phosphorylation caused by bilirubin. Furthermore it is suggested that
      with the recovery of oxydative phosphorylation the intramitochondrial collections
      of glycogen are transferred to the endoplasmic reticulum where glycogenolysis
      might possibly occur.

PMID- 175635
TI  - [Evolution of a vestibular test during treatment of multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 175636
TI  - Glycerokinase in brain and liver of low birth weight newborns.
AB  - Glycerokinase activity was measured in brain and liver tissue of decreased low
      birth weight newborns. No glycerokinase activity was found in the brain. In the
      liver a relatively high activity of glycerokinase was ascertained even in very
      immature newborns.

PMID- 175637
TI  - Considerations on treatment of nephroblastoma. A study of 36 cases.
AB  - Thirty-six patients with nephroblastoma in Stages I, II and III treated at
      Radiumhemmet between 1966 and 1973, were analysed. The tumors were classified
      into three different histological types. All 10 patients in Stage III have
      developed metastases. All patients in Stages I and II (5 out of 26) who developed
      metastases had poorly differentiated (histological Type III) tumours. The
      indications for postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy for the different
      stages and histological types of the tumour are discussed.

PMID- 175638
TI  - Ulcer formation and histochemical changes in rat-stomach mucosa induced by
      acetylsalicylic acid.
AB  - Numerous papers have emphasized the damaging effect of salicylic acid compounds
      on the stomach mucosa. The investigations here reported aimed at examining the
      effect on gastric and duodenal morphology of a moderate dose of aspirin.
      Oxidative enzymes were evaluated histochemically. To rats in groups of 16,
      aspirin tablets, placebo tablets, or the same with additional 1 cc of 0.1 N HCl,
      were administered twice a day for 6 weeks. Approximately 160 mg/kg/24 hrs. were
      ingested. Microscopy revealed severe hyperaemia along with focal gastritis in the
      aspirin treated animals. Chronic gactric ulcers were observed in 18 rats in the
      aspirin treated groups, particularly in the group where HCl was added.
      Ulcerations in the area of the pyloricgland occurred in the latter group only. A
      reduction in mucopolysaccharides was demonstrated and involved the acid as well
      as the neutral ones. NADH-reductase and cytochrome oxidase were inhibited not
      only in the surface cells but also in those in the deeper layers. The reduction
      in oxidative enzymes in otherwise undamaged areas suggests an interference with
      the cellular metabolism, probably processes in the respiratory chain which might
      lead to reduction in energy-rich phosphate bonds.

PMID- 175639
TI  - Occurrence of reo-like calf viruses in young children with acute gastroenteritis.
      Diagnoses established by electron microscopy and complement fixation, using the
      reo-like virus as antigen.
AB  - In the course of a six-month-study of acute gastroenteritis in children of ages
      up to six years, a reo-like virus was found in 54 per cent of the faecal
      specimens obtained at an early stage of the disease, using electron microscopy as
      screening test. By means of a concentrated complement fixation antigen, composed
      of a related calf diarrhoea virus cultivated in tissue culture, the rise in titre
      was found to be significant in 96 per cent of the patients whose faeces contained
      the reo-like virus. Antibodies were present in the remaining 4 per cent without
      rise in titre. In 10 per cent of the cases with gastroenteritis infection was
      caused by adenovirus or Salmonella. A probable aetiological agent was found in 71
      per cent of the patients. It applies to 33 per cent of all cases caused by the
      reo-like virus that they were nosocomial infections.

PMID- 175640
TI  - Human ecto- and endocervical epithelial cells as targets for herpes simplex type
      two infection in vitro.
AB  - An in vitro method was used to compare the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2)
      susceptibility of human ecto- and endocervical epithelial cells as well as the
      induced cellular alterations. HSV2 caused a productive infection and
      morphological alterations both in ecto- and endocervical epithelial cells, but
      the cytopathogenicity, virus production and development of HSV2 antigens showed a
      greater sensitivity of ectocervical cells to HSV2 infection. The
      cytopathogenicity and production of infectious virus did not depend on the
      antibody pattern of the target cell donor patients. Basically similar
      morphological alterations were seen in ecto- and endocervical cultures and the
      various morphological types of altered cells are described.

PMID- 175641
TI  - Methaemoglobin reduction and NADH-dependent methaemoglobin reductase activity
      following DNBP-and nitrite induced methaemoglobinemia in sheep.

PMID- 175642
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in perfused rat hearts exposed to
      isoprenaline and dopamine.
AB  - Isoprenaline and dopamine increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) content and contractile
      activity of isolated perfused rat hearts. The changes of cAMP levels depended on
      the mode of drug administration. Isoprenaline (4 x 10(-10) mol) administered to
      the perfused heart as a relatively concentrated bolus, caused a substantial,
      rapid and transient increase of cAMP. Isoprenaline (2 x 10(-10) mol and 4 x 10(
      10) mol) and dopamine (10(-7) mol) diluted in 40 ml of perfusate which was
      continuously recirculated through the heart, caused a gradual increase of cAMP
      content which approached an apparent steady state. cAMP accumulation occurred at
      isoprenaline concentrations above 10(-9) M and at dopamine concentrations above
      10(-6) M. Both agents also increased cAMP labelling from 14C-adenine in the
      perfusate, probably indicating increased cAMP synthesis. Isoprenaline at 2 x 10(
      8) M and 10(-7) M increased labelling more than content of cAMP. Isoprenaline and
      dopamine also increased phosphorylase a activity. An association between
      increased cAMP contents and increased contractile activity was revealed by both
      the time-response and the dose-response curves of hearts exposed to isoprenaline
      and dopamine. Since both agents stimulate adrenergic beta-receptors in cardiac
      muscle, the results are concordant with the hypothesis that cAMP is involved as a
      mediator of the inotropic response to adrenergic beta-stimulation.

PMID- 175644
TI  - [Effect of distamycin A on the reproduction of Aujeszky's virus].

PMID- 175643
TI  - [Complement-dependent immune cytolysis of cells from transplantable myeloid
      tumor].

PMID- 175645
TI  - Renal carcinogenesis.

PMID- 175646
TI  - Proteolytic enzymes, cell surface changes, and viral transformation.

PMID- 175647
TI  - Human cancer viruses.

PMID- 175648
TI  - Carbamazepine: mechanisms of action.

PMID- 175650
TI  - [Extraparotid mixed tumors].

PMID- 175649
TI  - The possible viral etiology of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 175651
TI  - Toxicity and metabolism of methyl n-butyl ketone.
AB  - MEK (2-butanone) when combined with MBK (2-hexanone) markedly enhanced MBK
      neurotoxicity. MBK in rat plasma after exposure to MBK/MEK increased with time.
      Metabolites of MBK identified in blood and urine of rats and guinea pigs were 2
      hexanol and 2,5-hexanedione.

PMID- 175652
TI  - Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung. A variant of peripheral lung
      cancer.
AB  - Six cases of primary lung cancer that closely mimic malignant pleural
      mesothelioma clinically and anatomically are compared with four proven cases of
      malignant pleural mesothelioma. Findings on roentgenograms of the chest, clinical
      history, and gross examination of the lung specimens are not helpful in
      distinguishing between these two neoplasms. Microscopic examination of the
      hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues is often inconclusive. Tissues were stained
      with hematoxylin and eosin, PAS with and without diastase treatment (DPAS),
      mucicarmine, alcian blue, toluidine blue, and colloidal iron with and without
      digestion by testicular hyaluronidase. Among these histochemical methods, DPAS
      was found to be particularly useful in distinguishing the primary lung cancers
      from the mesotheliomas. All primary lung cancers except one showed DPAS-positive
      material (mucin) in both the cytoplasm of the cancer cells and within the lumina
      of neoplastic glands. In contrast, none of the mesotheliomas showed the presence
      of DPAS-positive material. Histologically, all lung cancers were glandular. Five
      were classified as bronchiolar carcinoma, the remaining one as poorly
      differentiated adenocarcinoma. In two of the bronchiolar carcinomas, a small
      subpleural primary focus was demonstrated. This finding suggests a possible
      origin of these cancers as a small subpleural tumor that became widely
      disseminated via the subpleural lymphatics. This form of primary lung cancer
      possesses sufficient gross and microscopic characteristics that recognition
      should be given to it as a variant of primary lung cancer, with emphasis on
      differentiating it from pleural mesothelioma.

PMID- 175653
TI  - Effects of sulfonylurea therapy on insulin binding to mononuclear leukocytes of
      diabetic patients.
AB  - We have studied insulin binding to circulating mononuclear cells obtained from 31
      untreated, adult, nonobese, nonketotic diabetic subjects with fasting
      hyperglycemia, 40 normal subjects and four patients with fasting hyperglycemia
      secondary to chronic pancreatitis. Our results show that the mononuclear cells of
      untreated adult diabetic patients have a decreased ability to bind insulin when
      they are compared to cells obtained from normal subjects. The binding affinity
      for insulin was the same for both groups of cells, and the decreased binding
      could be accounted for by a 45 per cent decrease in the number of available
      insulin receptor sites per cell. Treatment with chlorpropamide (one to three
      months, average dose equals 375 mg/day) was associated with a marked reduction in
      hyperglycemia and an increase toward normal in insulin binding to mononuclear
      cells. In conclusion, (1) mononuclear cells from nonobese, nonketotic, untreated
      adult diabetic patients with fasting hyperglycemia demonstrate a decreased
      ability to bind insulin due to decreased numbers of insulin receptors per cell;
      (2) treatment with an oral hypoglycemic agent is associated with a diminution in
      hyperglycemia and a return toward normal of insulin binding.

PMID- 175654
TI  - Cardiac sympathetic innervation and the sudden infant death syndrome. A possible
      pathogenetic link.

PMID- 175655
TI  - Circulating immune complexes and complement sequence activation in infectious
      mononucleosis.
AB  - The role of immune complex formation was investigated in a patient with
      infectious mononucleosis complicated by an urticarial rash. Circulating
      cryoprotein immune complexes were identified during the urticarial phase of the
      illness, and disappeared during recovery. These complexes were composed of
      immunoglobulins G (IgG), M (IgM) and A (IgA), complement components C3, C4 and
      C5, Epstein-Barr (EB) virus capsid antibody and particles resembling EB virus.
      The IgG subtypes identified in the immune complexes were the complement fixing
      IgG-1, IgG-2 and IgG-3. The C3 activator of the properdin complex was detected in
      serum obtained during that acute phase but not after recovery. Thus, the
      transient appearance of circulating complement-fixing immune complexes was
      associated in this patient with activation of both classic and alternate
      complement pathways. The findings suggest that these complexes may be involved in
      the rash associated with infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 175656
TI  - Easing mental patient's return to their communities.

PMID- 175657
TI  - Effects of fasting and theophylline on alanine-stimulated glucagon secretion in
      neonatal and infant sheep.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of glucose, alanine, and glucagon were measured after 24
      hour fasting in newborn and infant sheep and in response to infusion of alanine
      alone and concurrently with theophylline. The plasma glucagon response to alanine
      was minimal in newborn sheep; in contrast, alanine produced a brisk response in
      plasma glucagon concentration in infant sheep. Glucose concentrations were
      unchanged in both groups. Theophylline enhanced blood glucagon and glucose
      responses to alanine in newborn animals but had minimal effects on the response
      of the infant sheep. These data, considered with earlier data in fetal sheep,
      suggest a progressive maturation of pancreatic islet alpha-cell glucagon
      secretion in the sheep during the postnatal period and suggest that the blunted
      glucagon response observed in the neonate is related to immaturity of the
      glucagon secretion mechanisms rather than deficient synthesis of the hormone.
      This immaturity may be related to impaired synthesis and/or enhanced degradation
      of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or to diminished responsiveness to cAMP.

PMID- 175658
TI  - Trachoma in a rural Haitian community.
AB  - We selected 43 patients, aged 15 days to 57 yesrs, for intensive study after
      screening 975 people for clinical evidence of trachoma in rural Haiti. Trachoma
      was present in Haiti with low endemicity and was followed by relatively mild
      sequelae. Laboratory studies confirmed the disease through demonstration of
      conjunctival inclusion bodies by immunofluoresence and serotyping of antibody in
      sera or eye secretions, or both. Of 23 patients (age 1 to 36 years) with active
      trachoma, all had serum antibody to chlamydia (range 1:10 to 1:640), nine had eye
      secretion antibody (range 1:10 to 1:1280), and one was inclusion positive. The
      remaining 20 patients (age 15 days to 57 years) had the following diagnosis:
      atypical follicles (eight), conjunctivitis with or without mucopurulent discharge
      (ten) innactive pannus only (one), and severe anemia (one). Only 16 of the 20
      were tested for serum antibody and all were positive (1:10 to 1:5,120), 11 of 20
      had eye secretion antibody (1:10 to less than or equal to 1:640), and one was
      inclusion positive. Serotyping attempted on 22 patients yielded 16 patients with
      antibodies specific for type A, one patient with type B, and five who were not
      typed.

PMID- 175659
TI  - Clinical and laboratory evaluation of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to
      adenovirus types 8 and 19.
AB  - During a community outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus
      types 8 and 19, we compared the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the
      two viruses. Much of the disease was mild and the keratoconjunctivitis associated
      with adenovirus type 8 was indistinguishable clinically from that associated with
      adenovirus type 19. Adenovirus type 8 was isolated only from the conjunctival
      sac, whereas adenovirus type 19 was frequently cultured from the nose, throat,
      and conjunctiva. The two adenovirus types were never isolated from the same
      individual. In a prospective study of ten individuals exposed to known cases,
      adenovirus type 19 was isolated from two without clinical disease.

PMID- 175660
TI  - Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia following hyaline membrane disease.
AB  - The pathologic changes in the lungs of 112 infants dying from hyaline membrane
      disease (HMD) and 64 infants dying from other causes in the years 1967 to 1972
      have been reviewed in order to obtain information about the pathogenesis of
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The results from the infants with HMD showed
      that: a) From the fourth or fifth day, the surface tension of lung extracts fell,
      inclusion bodies became more plentiful, and air saccules with patent airways
      could be inflated with air, even when severe changes due to BPD were present. b)
      There was a highly statistically significant correlation between the most serious
      lesions of BPD--damage to airways followed by excessive repair and fibrosis--and
      the use of high (greater than 35 cm H2O) peak airway pressures during mechanical
      ventilation in life. c) Damage due to oxygen breathing could not be reliably
      identified although some of the lesions, particularly edema and fibroplasia in
      intersaccular septa, may have been caused by oxygen. d) Evidence of pulmonary
      hypertension was present in infants surviving for more than a month with severe
      lung damage, and the ductus arteriosus was always open. We conclude that the most
      important factor in the pathogenesis of BPD following HMD is mechanical trauma to
      the lung from the use of excessively high peak airway pressures during mechanical
      ventilation.

PMID- 175661
TI  - Immunopathogenicity and oncogenicity of murine leukemia viruses. II. Infection of
      mice and rats with Scripps leukemia virus.
AB  - The pathologic consequences of infection of newborn mice and rats with MuLV
      (Scripps leukemia virus--SLV) were observed. Serum MuLV p30 concentrations of
      most strains were elevated 20 to 100 times that of controls while MuLV gp70
      levels were elevated only 1.1 to 14.8 times, probably reflecting in part the
      higher concentrations of gp70 in control sera but also indicating the lack of
      parallelism in regulation of synthesis of these two viral antigens. Infected mice
      of most strains developed immunologic diseases, including antinuclear antibody
      and glomerulonephritis, but not Coombs' antibodies. The nature and severity of
      the immunologic disease varied considerably, depending upon the genetic character
      of the host. Most infected animals developed lymphatic leukemias, but four
      strains showed partial to complete resistance to SLV oncogenesis: BALB/c (nude);
      C57 Bl/6; (NZB times NZW) F1, and (NZW times BALB/c) F1.

PMID- 175662
TI  - Synthesis of secretory component by colonic neoplasms.
AB  - The secretory component (SC) polypeptide chain of secretory immunoglobulin A can
      be considered as a differentiation marker in that it is normally synthesized in
      the non-mucus-containing columnar epithelial cells, but not goblet cells, of the
      large intestine. With this in mind, we have studied the expression of SC in 36
      colonic adenocarcinomas and 15 polyps (adenomatous and villous) by the
      fluorescent antibody technique. As in the normal mucosa, the synthesis of SC in
      tumors found in non-mucus-containing columnar cells and was absent from goblet
      cells. However, in several well-differentiated carcinomas it appeared that
      columnar cells contained both SC and mucin; these cells could be analogous to the
      normal mucosal precursor of both cell types. SC was synthesized throughout all
      adenomatous polyps and villous adenomas with the exception of some atypical
      nonmucinous areas of adenomatous polyps. Secretory component synthesis by
      carcinomas was associated with mucus production, although goblet cells did not
      contain SC. The presence of SC also correlated with the degree of
      differentiation. Secretory component was absent from half of the carcinomas as
      well as from atypical nonmucinous areas of polyps, and this could represent one
      of the earliest changes associated with the development of malignancy.

PMID- 175663
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism in perfused livers of adrenalectomized and steroid
      replaced rats.
AB  - In livers from fasted rats perfused with bicarbonate buffer containing bovine
      albumin and erythrocytes, adrenalectomy decreased glycogen levels and glucose
      production, impaired the incorporation of 14C from [14C]lactate into glucose or
      glycogen, and decreased the activity of the active (I) form of glycogen synthase.
      Cortisol treatment restored gluconeogenesis after 1  h and glycogen synthesis
      after 2 h. Adrenalectomy did not alter the production of glucose or lactate or
      the levels of gluconeogenic intermediates in livers from fasted rats perfused
      with fructose, but reduced the formation of glycogen from this substrate.
      Adrenalectomy increased the levels of lactate and decreased the levels of P
      pyruvate and subsequent intermediates in the gluconeogenic pathway. These changes
      were reversed by cortisol treatment. It is concluded that glucocorticoids support
      gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis in livers from fasted rats primarily by
      facilitating a reaction(s) located between pyruvate and P-pyruvate in the
      gluconeogenic pathway and by promoting the conversion of inactive to active
      glycogen synthase.

PMID- 175664
TI  - Heart functional responses to pressure overload in exercised and sedentary rats.
AB  - Female rats that had been subjected to a moderate treadmill running program were
      compared with sedentary animals on the basis of heart weight, selected
      biochemical measurements, and heart function. Exercised animals maintained normal
      growth rate, and cardiac hypertrophy was not present. Left ventricular RNA, DNA,
      and cytochrome c levels were unchanged. Heart functional measurements obtained in
      situ were similar in sedentary and exercised animals under control conditions.
      When subjected to sustained (1-3 days) aortic constriction pressure overload,
      exercised animals maintained or increased myocardial contractility. Contractility
      was depressed in sedentary animals. Both sedentary and exercised animals
      increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure without changing contractility
      during acute (1-3 min) pressure overload. However, exercised animals were able to
      fully regain normal cardiac output when the acute overload was relieved. Cardiac
      output remained approximately 10% below control in sedentary animals. The
      improved ability of previously exercised animals to withstand pressure overload
      appears to be due to alterations in adaptation rather than preliminary
      augmentation of metabolism or function.

PMID- 175665
TI  - Viral encephalopathy mimicking functional psychosis.
AB  - Encephalitis, particularly herpes simplex encephalitis, frequently presents as a
      disorder with puzzling psychiatric symptoms before frank evidence of central
      nervous system involvement is apparent. The author describes three cases of
      encephalitis characterized by abrupt onset of bizarre psychological disturbance
      in the absence of gross neurologic dysfunction. Each patient was initially
      diagnosed as schizophrenic but later became critically ill and recovered only
      after a long and chaotic hospital course. The author warns psychiatrists and
      staff on psychiatric impatient units against mistakenly diagnosing cases of early
      encephalitis as functional psychoses.

PMID- 175666
TI  - Effectiveness of educational and administrative interventions in medical
      outpatient clinics.
AB  - This study examines the popular belief that increased educational supervision and
      increased administrative support in university outpatient clinics will improve
      physician performance, which in turn will improve the process and outcome of
      patient care. Positive effects on house officers' attitudes and better
      functioning of clinics with respect to follow-up, information retrieval, and
      prescribing practices were demonstrated. However, no differences in the process
      and outcome of care were identified by faculty judges using implicit criteria.

PMID- 175667
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta. Roentgenographic assessment after operative correction.
AB  - Persistent abnormalities in the cardiac silhouette and aortic arch are frequent
      in the late follow-up of patients operated upon for coarctation of the aorta.
      These abnormalities for the most part can be correlated with age at operation,
      the presence of a coexistent uncorrected congenital anomaly, or a persistent
      hemodynamic defect. This group of patients requires continuing clinical and
      roentgenologic assessment, as these abnormalities are frequently the hallmarks of
      additional significant cardiovascular disease despite correction of the primary
      congenital defect.

PMID- 175668
TI  - External and interstitial radiation therapy of carcinoma of the oral tongue. A
      review of 32 years' experience.
AB  - In 204 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue treated with
      radiation therapy, the most significant prognostic factors appeared to be the
      presence of neck lymph node metastasis on presentation and the status of the
      disease three months after treatment. The most common site of failure was the
      primary lesion, either alone or with neck disease. External irradiation alone was
      seldom successful. Use of peroral cone irradiation or interstitial implants,
      either alone or in combination with external irradiation, achieved good local
      control in early lesions. When the primary tumor was uncontrolled by radiation
      therapy, salvage with surgery was rare. When failure occurred in the neck alone,
      radical neck dissection was successful in the majority of cases.

PMID- 175669
TI  - Comparison of split-course radiation therapy and continuous radiation therapy for
      unresectable bronchogenic carcinoma: 5 year results.
AB  - One hundred and eighty-eight patients with inoperable or unresectable
      bronchogenic carcinoma were stratified by cell type, TNM staging, and prior
      surgery and then randomized into two treatment groups: continuous radiation
      therapy and split-course radiation therapy. There was no difference in clinical
      or objective improvement in the two groups. Survival rates for cases of squamous
      cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and adrenocarcinoma were the same after
      both regimens of therapy. Split-course therapy resulted in a significantly better
      survival rate in cases of large cell carcinoma but the number of cases was small.
      We doubt that the difference is clinically significant. Objective
      roentgenographic response was accompanied by improved survival in squamous cell
      carcinoma, but not in the other three cell types. Split-course radiation therapy
      is superior to continuous radiation therapy because it is better tolerated by the
      patient and because re-examination of the patient prior to the second half of
      split-course therapy permits the detection of new metastatic disease that has
      become manifest during the rest period and spares the patient the futile second
      half of radiation therapy.

PMID- 175670
TI  - Mediastinal Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A group of five patients with Hodgkin's disease, nodular sclerosing in type,
      localized to the mediastinum (Stage IA) is reported. We believe that this
      presentation sometimes known as "granulomatous thymoma," warrants management in a
      manner somewhat different from that of the more common presentations of Hodgkin's
      disease. Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease involving only the mediastinum
      affects a younger age group in whom the disease may be asymptomatic. Making the
      diagnosis may necessitate a thoracotomy, but an attempt should be made to obtain
      tissue short of thoracotomy, as by mediastinoscopy. An extensive attempt at
      surgical extirpation is not necessary because the disease is very radiosensitive
      and radiocurable. The combination of Stage I Hodgkin's disease, nodular
      sclerosing in form, limited to the mediastinum favors an excellent prognosis.

PMID- 175671
TI  - Elective irradiation with the electron beam after mastectomy for breast cancer.
AB  - From 1963 to 1970, 380 patients have received elective treatment with the
      electron beam after radical mastectomy for breast cancer. One hundred and twenty
      nine patients received treatment to the supraclavicular and internal mammary
      lymph node areas only, and 251 patients received treatment to the chest wall as
      well as to the areas of peripheral lymphatic drainage. Analysis of the results
      shows the value of elective irradiation of occult deposits of disease since the
      incidence of local recurrences is significantly less than would be anticipated in
      this group of patients.

PMID- 175672
TI  - Treatment selection in primary breast cancer. Pathologic considerations.
AB  - Minimal breast cancer is defined as including in situ lobular carcinoma,
      noninvasive intraductal carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma forming a mass no
      greater than 0.5 cm in diameter. Intraductal, intralobular, and microinvasive
      carcinomas of this degree of development are classed together, and are associated
      with at most a 10% probability of having associated axillary lymph node
      involvement. Lesions of this classification have been shown to have a five year
      survival rate of 97% and a ten year rate of 95%, when they are treated
      surgically.

PMID- 175673
TI  - Treatment, results and prognostic factors in stage I and II sarcomas of the
      corpus uteri.
AB  - One-hundred and four cases of Stage I and II uterine sarcomas treated at Rosewell
      Park Memorial Institute over a 27 year period are reviewed. Included are 30 cases
      of mixed mesodermal tumor, 27 cases of carcinosarcoma, 25 cases of endometrial
      stromal sarcoma, and 22 cases of leiomyosarcoma. Prognostic factors were found to
      include histologic classification, stage, uterine size, depth of myometrial
      invasion, and type of treatment. Endometrial stromal sarcomas had the best over
      all prognosis. Radiation therapy alone was inadequate treatment, but was of
      adjunctive value to surgery in terms of increasing survival and decreasing pelvic
      recurrences in patients with endometrial stromal sarcoma, mixed mesodermal tumor,
      and carcinosarcoma. Patients with leiomyosarcoma did not benefit from adjunctive
      radiation therapy.

PMID- 175674
TI  - Irradiation of endometrial cancer in patients with medical contraindication to
      surgery or with unresectable lesions.
AB  - In 124 medically inoperable patients with endometrial cancer, the five and ten
      year actuarial survival rates were 68% and 57%. In 26 patients with technically
      unresectable endometrial cancer, 26% actuarial survival rates at both five and
      ten years were seen. Pelvic control at death was 89% in Stage Ia, 78% in Stage
      Ib, 82% in Stage II, and 62% in Stage III. Sophisticated intracavitary therapy
      alone or in conjunction with external irradiation appears to give better uterine
      control rates than does external irradiation alone.

PMID- 175675
TI  - Experience with twice-a-day fractionation in clinical radiotherapy.
AB  - Theoretical reasons have led to the treatment of 24 patients with advanced,
      rapidly growing squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, and 17 patients
      with inflammatory carcinoma of the breast with twice-a-day fractionation. After
      initial reduction in dose in both series, acute reactions and sequelae are
      similar to those in conventionally treated patients. The relative control rates
      are better than would be expected from conventional irradiation.

PMID- 175676
TI  - Volume and time factors in interstitial gamma-ray therapy.
AB  - The two suppositions which have dictated time-dose and volume relationships in
      interstitial gamma ray implantation have been examined in the light of recent
      publications. The first of these assumptions, that total dose reduction is
      required when the dose rate exceeds 6,000-7,000 rads in seven days, does not
      appear to be substantiated by clinical experiences. It appears that total dose is
      the critical treatment parameter and that dose rate may be increased by a factor
      of two or three without requiring alteration of the total dose. Although the
      second classical assumption, "volume increase requires dose decrease," has been
      shown throughout radiation therapy experience to be generally correct, it should
      not be applied rigidly to interstitial gamma-ray therapy. In fact, recent
      experiences seem to indicate that compensation with respect to volume is not an
      absolute necessity. Larger lesions require, if anything, higher doses than small
      ones. To obtain a high percentage of controlled, lesions there must be no dose
      reduction, regardless of increased volume treated.

PMID- 175677
TI  - Low energy radionuclides for permanent interstitial implantation.
AB  - An analysis of 318 permanent implants was carried out in an attempt to establish
      the effectiveness of iodine 125 as compared with radon 222 and iridium 192; and
      to derive dose-response curves for iodine 125. Analysis of the clinical results
      obtained with iodine 125 in comparison with radon 222 and iridium 192 in selected
      anatomical sites demonstrated that iodine 125 has a higher therapeutic ratio than
      the other two radionuclides. A tumor control rate of at least 80% with iodine 125
      implants might be expected after a good geometrical dose distribution, with a
      planned initial minimum tumor dose of at least 14,000 +/- 2,000 rads. Rapid tumor
      shrinkage ensures a more or less steady or even increased dose rate over a period
      of several weeks and improves the local tumor control. Tumors with a longer cell
      cycle are especially susceptible to irradiation with radionuclides of long half
      lives.

PMID- 175678
TI  - Gallium-67 scans in children with solid tumors.
AB  - Twenty pediatric patients with malignant disease were studied by whole body
      gallium scans. Seven had Hodgkin's disease, five had soft tissue sarcomas, three
      had neuroblastomas, two had Wilm's tumors, and one each had a hepatoblastoma,
      embryonal cell carcinoma, and sacrococcygeal teratoma. Of 50 sites studied, there
      was a true positive result in 17%, and in 58% there were false negative results.
      The method served best in patients with Hodgkin's disease, where the true
      positive rate was 64%. In no instance did the gallium scan affect the clinical
      management of a patient.

PMID- 175679
TI  - Editorial: Changing of the guard.

PMID- 175680
TI  - Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis.
AB  - A 59 year old while female with striking carpal and tarsal osteolysis is
      reported. The process primarily involves the carpals and tarsals but includes
      other sites. The pertinent literature is reviewed and a simplified classification
      of idiopathic multicentric osteolysis is presented. Idiopathic multicentric
      osteolysis may be sporadic but can demonstrate either dominant or recessive
      inheritance. There may or may not be associated nephropathy. The underlying
      mechanism appears similar in all variations of this condition. Gorham's disease,
      the Winchester syndrome, and other osteolytic conditions which may predominantly
      affect the tarsal and carpal bones most likely are totally different processes,
      unrelated to idiopathic multicentric osteolysis.

PMID- 175681
TI  - Myositis ossificans circumscripta: a benign lesion with a malignant differential
      diagnosis.
AB  - Localized areas of active myositis ossificans, occurring without a clear history
      of antecedent trauma, have been referred to as a "pseudo-malignant osseous tumor
      of soft tissue." This lesion may be mistaken both roentgenographically and
      pathologically for a malignancy. The roentgenographic signs which favor a
      diagnosis of non-neoplastic heterotopic bone formation include a lucent zone
      between the lesion and the adjacent bone, an intact underlying cortex, diaphyseal
      location, dense calcification in the periphery, and loss of volume on serial
      films.

PMID- 175682
TI  - Lesions resembling gout in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Although roentgenographic appearances are seldom important in establishing the
      diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis or gout, atypical appearances of individual
      lesions may confuse the distinction between these two conditions. Sixteen
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis were selected to illustrate joint and soft
      tissue lesions which resemble gout. The lesions are divided into five broad
      categories on the basis of the appearance and sites of bone erosion as well as
      the nature of soft tissue changes. Symmetrical bilateral joint involvement was
      found to be especially helpful in distinguishing rheumatoid arthritis from gout.

PMID- 175683
TI  - Bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. A unifying etiological concept.
AB  - Two cases of congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformation are reported and
      another 27 cases reviewed and the findings analyzed. The left lower lobe and the
      entire right lung are the most common locations of pulmonary involvement. The
      distal portion of the esophagus or cardioesophageal junction was the most common
      site of communication (83%). The majority of the patients (60%) presented in the
      first eight months of life, and the incidence in females was nearly twice that in
      males. Chronic cough, recurrent pneumonias and respiratory distress were the most
      common clinical findings, whereas two patients were totally asymptomatic. The
      esophagogram was the single most useful diagnostic procedure (82%). The
      microscopic structure of the congenital fistula resembled esophagus, bronchus or
      both. Surgical treatment was curative in most instances. Sime deaths occurred
      prior to corrective surgery, whereas the postoperative deaths in most instances
      were related to severe associated congenital anomalies. We believe a common
      embryologic pathogenesis leads to the formation of a variety of bronchopulmonary
      foregut malformations. These bronchopulmonary foregut malformations include
      intralobar and extralobar sequestrations, pulmonary sequestration with patent, or
      involuted--partial or complete--gastroesophageal communication, esophageal or
      gastric diverticula, and esophageal or bronchogenic duplication cysts.

PMID- 175684
TI  - Iatrogenic lesions of the skeleton. Caldwell lecture, 1975.

PMID- 175685
TI  - Neuroepithelial (colloid) cysts. Pathogenesis and unusual features.
AB  - A brief history of the theories of pathogenesis of the origin of neuroepithelial
      cysts is presented. An origin more diffuse than the paraphysis seems most likely
      in our opinion, and we attempt to substantiate this theory with several of the
      cases from our series. One posterior third ventricular neuroepithelial cyst and
      one in the fourth ventricle are demonstrated roentgenographically. Also included
      in our series are a case showing suprasellar calcification on plain skull
      roentgenograms, not previously reported in neuroepithelial cysts, and a case with
      a cyst measuring 9 cm, the largest neuroepithelial cyst yet reported.

PMID- 175686
TI  - Optimal tomographic technique to demonstrate common bile duct stones. An in vitro
      study.
AB  - Six degree and 10 degree circular modes represent the optimal methods available
      for intravenous cholangiography with tomography within the technical limitations
      and constraints outlined in this study. The 10 degree mode is superior in the
      presence of superimposed gas. Ten degree linear tomography is an efficient method
      for determining the level of the common bile duct but is not the optimal method
      for obtaining image detail. Thin secretion unidirectional or pleuridirectional
      modes are occasionally helpful in delineating fine details. The zone of focus is
      very narrow, permitting very limited sampling within the usual zone of interest.
      These modes are inefficient in determining the level of the duct and produce less
      useful image detail than 10 degree circular tomography for ducts of normal, or
      slightly larger than normal diameters. They are seldom indicated as the primary
      modality in tomography of the common bile duct.

PMID- 175687
TI  - Successful intravenous cholecystocholangiography in the jaundiced patient using
      meglumine iodoxamate (Cholovue).
AB  - A clinical trial of meglumine iodoxamate (Cholovue) for intravenous
      cholangiocholecystography in 18 patients with elevated levels of serum bilirubin
      was performed. Ten to 30 cc of a 40% aqueous solution of the agent were given
      intravenously over a ten minute period and roentgenographic examinations
      conducted to document the agent's effectiveness, to determine optimal levels of
      dose, and to assess its safety. Common bile duct and gallbladder visualization
      was obtained in a surprisingly large number. The agent was effective with
      bilirubin levels up to 6.5 mg %. The optimal dose in patients with elevated
      bilirubin is probably in the range of 20 cc. Despite intensive monitoring, there
      were no important adverse clinical nor laboratory reactions observed. The new
      agent appears to offer a significant improvement over Cholografin, particularly
      with respect to patients with elevated bilirubin levels.

PMID- 175688
TI  - Griffiths' point: critical anastomosis at the splenic flexure. Significance in
      ischemia of the colon.
AB  - Griffiths' point is defined as the site of (a) communication of the ascending
      left colic artery with the marginal artery of Drummond, and (b) anastomotic
      bridging between the right and left terminal branches of the ascending left colic
      artery at the splenic flexure of the colon. It is upon this critical point at the
      splenic flexure that collateral circulation between the superior mesenteric
      artery and the marginal artery branch of the inferior mesenteric artery supplying
      the descending colon is dependent. Analysis of arteriographic studies shows that
      anastomosis at Griffiths' point is present in 48%, poor or tenuous in nine
      percent, and absent in 43%. This critical point is of significance in occlusive
      vascular impairment of the left colon, both in spontaneous instances and
      following surgical ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery, and in
      "nonocclusive" ischemic colitis. Its relationship to arteriosclerotic stenoses
      and low flow states is discussed. Individuals with absence of dependable
      anastomoses at Griffiths' point at the splenic flexure may be particularly
      vulnerable to low perfusion states and develop the syndrome of ischemic colitis.
      Complete arteriographic evaluation is necessary in ischemia of the colon. This
      includes particularly assessment of atherosclerotic changes at or near the ostia
      of the major visceral arteries and the vascular arrangement at Griffiths' point.

PMID- 175689
TI  - Angiography and ultrasonography. A comparative study of abdominal aortic
      aneurysms.
AB  - Ultrasound is presently the diagnostic procedure of choice in pulsatile abdominal
      masses. The ease and accuracy of this method have many advantages over
      aortography, and ultrasonography can accurately define the size of an abdominal
      aortic aneruysm. In addition, a normal aorta with an overlying mass, or a
      tortuous aorta which feels unusually prominent, can be detected, and aortography
      may not be necessary. Although ultrasound can detect involvement of iliac
      arteries, it does not allow assessment of the position of the aneurysm relative
      to the renal arteries, or detect involvement of other branch vessels of the
      aorta. Ultrasound is more accurate that clinical examination, plain
      roentgenography, aortography, or isotope aortography in the diagnosis of
      abdominal aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 175690
TI  - Ovarian cancer: multifacet disease; multifarious therapy and therapists.

PMID- 175691
TI  - Combination of conservative surgery and irradiation for cancer of the breast.
AB  - In patients with relatively advanced local or axillary disease, or both, a simple
      mastectomy followed by irradiation gives the best local and regional control
      rates. From the existing data, one can state unreservedly that women with early
      breast cancer take no chance on their life by having a treatment method which
      preserves the breast. In conjunction with the wedge excision, even if the axilla
      is clinically negative, a dissection of the low and central axilla brings enough
      information to decide on elective chemotherapy.

PMID- 175692
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of mouth. Evaluation of
      interstitial radium therapy.
AB  - From January, 1965, to December, 1972, 46 patients with squamous cell carcinoma
      of the floor of the mouth and 102 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the
      oral tongue were treated at M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute by
      interstitial irradiation alone or in combination with external irradiation.
      Through the years the combination of radiation therapy modalities has been
      adjusted in an attempt to improve local control, keeping complications to a
      minimum. In this paper we analyze local control, causes of failure and
      complications as related to the primary size (T stage) and radiation therapy
      techniques employed.

PMID- 175693
TI  - Combined radiation therapy and 5-fluorouracil for advanced squamous cell
      carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx: a randomized study.
AB  - In 1961, a randomized study was begun at the University of Wisconsin Medical
      Center in which the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and
      neck with radiation therapy was compared with combined treatment with radiation
      therapy and 5-Fluorouracil. One hundred and thirty-six patients with primary
      lesions in the oral cavity, the base of the tongue, and the oropharynx were
      analyzed. Both local control and survival were better in the combined treatment
      group than in the group with radiation therapy alone. However, in only the oral
      cavity patient population was the difference statistically significant. Both
      acute and late complications were also increased in this group of patients who
      received combined treatment.

PMID- 175694
TI  - Carcinoma of the oropharynx. Results of megavoltage radiation therapy in 305
      patients.
AB  - Three hundred and five patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas received linear
      accelerator radiation therapy at the Stanford University Medical Center between
      1956 and 1973. All were staged by the TNM system, using the UICC Classification
      of 1962. Actuarial five year survival for patients with tonsil cancers ranged
      from 50% to 18% for those with T1 and T3 lesions, respectively. Disease-free
      survival was higher than actuarial survival for patients with T1 and T2 lesions,
      reflecting an alteration of the latter curves by deaths from intercurrent
      diseases and second primary malignancies. Actuarial survival for patients with
      base of the tongue carcinomas was approximately 35% for those with T1 and T2
      primary lesions and 22% for patients with T3 carcinomas. Considering all
      oropharyngeal sites of involvement together, clinically involved cervical lymph
      nodes were controlled by radiation therapy alone in 60 of 91 patients with N1
      nodal involvement (67%), in twelve of 25 with N2 neck disease (48%) and in 46% of
      those patients with N3 involvement (34 of 74). Eighty-nine percent of patients
      whose lymph nodes were not controlled by radiation therapy alone also had
      uncontrolled primary cancers. Over 90% of the patients whole cervical lymph nodes
      were initially uninvolved remained free of late nodal metastases if at least the
      regional (first echelon) lymph nodes were included in the primary treatment
      fields. The results of a randomized trial which compared surgery and radiation
      therapy alone and the two modalities in combination for the treatment of a
      limited number of patients with advanced cancers of the oropharynx, supraglottic
      larynx and hypopharynx suggest that surgery alone is not the treatment of choice.

PMID- 175695
TI  - Non-randomized comparison of preoperative irradiation and surgery versus
      irradiation alone in the management of carcinoma of the tonsil.
AB  - This is a non-randomized comparison of 98 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of
      the tonsil treated by preoperative irradiation and surgery and 97 patients
      receiving irradiation alone. Patients treated with preoperative irradiation
      received, in most instances, 3,000 rads tumor dose in three weeks through
      ipsilateral portals, followed within two to six weeks after completion of therapy
      by an en bloc tumor resection and radical neck dissection. The group treated with
      irradiation alone received tumor doses in the range of 5,500-6,500 rads in six
      weeks. No significant difference was noted in the survival yielded by either
      treatment modality. Both treatment modalities were equally effective in
      controlling the tumor in the metastatic ipsilateral lymph nodes. In selected
      cases, a combination of both modalitites may offer better results, but this
      remains to be proved.

PMID- 175696
TI  - Initial comparative response to peak pions and x-rays of normal skin and
      underlying tissue surrounding superficial metastatic nodules.
AB  - Given the limitations of available material and methods for measuring skin
      response, the relative biological effectivenss (RBE) for the development and
      healing of skin reaction to pions in this experiment is 1.43. This is based on
      data obtained from a patient with malignant melanoma, in whom multiple skin
      nodules and the surrounding normal skin were randomized into three dose levels
      for pions and x-rays. The RBE for skin reaction was obtained while the skin tumor
      nodules appeared to regress at least as rapidly with pion therapy as with x-rays.
      Without benefit of adequate observation of time required for nodule regrowth, any
      estimate of tumor RBE is speculative.

PMID- 175697
TI  - Initial evaluation of reduced fractionation in the irradiation of malignant
      epithelial tumors.
AB  - From July, 1971, through June, 1974, 170 patients underwent radiation therapy
      with reduced fractionation at the Milwaukee County General Hospital and the Wood
      Veterans Administration Hospital. One or two fractions per week were delivered
      for five to seven weeks to a total dose based on the tolerance of normal tissues
      predicted by the nominal standard dose (NSD) hypothesis of Ellis. Three groups of
      patients were selected from this heterogeneous population for detailed analysis-
      carcinomas of the skin, breast, and lung. The 72 patients evaluated provide
      useful data in regard to acute and subacute reactions. Short term assessment of
      local tumor control in relation to surrounding normal tissue response is similar
      to that with conventional fractionation for each of these malignant epithelial
      tumors.

PMID- 175698
TI  - Patterns of failure in intracranial astrocytomas after irradiation: analysis of
      dose and field factors.
AB  - The choice of tumor dose and treatment volume are the two most important
      radiation factors influencing survival in glioblastomas. Patients treated to
      their whole brain survive longer than those treated with limited fields.
      Glioblastomas treated with over 5,000 rads (1,300 rets) survive longer than those
      treated with smaller doses. Other factors affecting survival are: the
      pathological grade; age at diagnosis; and surgical treatment performed. Failure
      patterns in glioblastomas represent intrinsic qualities of the tumor, the host,
      and the treatment employed. They dictate the strategy to follow. Perhaps some of
      these are unaffected by irradiation. An increase in dose and the extension of
      fields in glioblastomas have produced a gain in both the quantity and the quality
      of survival. The whole brain is treated (5,000-6,000 rads) and the target volume
      is boosted to 7,000 to 8,000 rads. Grade II astrocytomas perhaps should be
      treated with whole brain irradiation (4,500 rads) and a boost to the target
      volume of an additional 1,000 rads.

PMID- 175699
TI  - Pharmaco-kinetics of current skeletal-seeking radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - The blood clearance of all current bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals is
      biexponential during the first four hours after injection. Exponent I represents
      bone uptake and its clearance half-time is less than 30 min. Exponent II
      represents mainly urinary excretion and its clearance half-time varies from 168
      to 512 min. The blood background is highest with 99mTc-labeled polyphosphate (Tc
      Poly) and lowest with sodium fluoride (F-18); 99mTc-labeled diphosphonate (Tc
      Dip) and 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate (Tc-Pyro) show intermediate blood levels.
      The slower blood clearance of 99mTc-phosphate complexes in comparison with F-18
      is due primarily to their increased protein binding. Tc-Poly blood clearance,
      which is slower than that of Tc-Dip and Tc-Pyro, is due primarily to its
      increased red cell binding and the larger size of its molecule. Bone uptake and
      urinary excretion of all 99mTc-labeled phosphate complexes are approximately the
      same: in the range of six to ten per cent in the blood, 30-33% in the urine, and
      55-58 percent in the bone and other tissues. F-18 concentration in the bone is
      almost 1.5 times that of the 99mTc-labeled phosphate complexes. The sensitivity
      and resolution of lesions are identical for all 99mTc-labeled phosphate complexes
      and are far better than those for F-18. No toxicity is noted with the amount of
      phosphate present in the marketed kits, and it appears reasonable to use the
      minimal amount so long as efficiency is not compromised.

PMID- 175700
TI  - Effect of therapeutic irradiation on the immune responses.
AB  - The immune responses of 60 patients undergoing therapeutic irradiation were
      evaluated according to four anatomical sites irradiated. In vitro lymphocyte
      transformation tests with PHA, Con-A, and PWM and quantitative assays of IgG,
      IgA, and IgM were performed on blood obtained from each patient before and during
      therapy, and two weeks, two months, and six months after therapy. At these same
      testing intervals, skin tests with PPD, mumps antigen, Candida antigen, and SD-SK
      were performed. During irradiation, the mean values of all lymphocyte
      transformation tests were depressed, varying from 48% to 64% of pretreatment
      baseline. This depression persisted until about two months after completion of
      treatment. By six months, response rose to pretreatment values. When response was
      evaluated according to sites irradiated with all mitogens, the pelvic and pelvic
      plus abdominal groups showed consistently greater depression than the chest or
      head and neck groups. Radiation effected no significant changes in the mean
      values of IgG, IgA or IgM. A decrease in skin sensitivity was noted during
      radiation; 73% of the subjects responded positively before therapy while only 53%
      had at least one positive test during therapy. By two months postirradiation, 73%
      of the group clinically free of disease had positive skin tests. A comparison of
      clinical condition with test results is significant when one considers the 17
      patients who developed metastatic disease or died from disease. The depression
      for all three mitogens during radiation therapy was greater for this group. Of
      the 17, only four had IgG levels in the normal range, and consistently fewer
      positive skin tests were demonstrated.

PMID- 175701
TI  - The spectrum of osteoblastoma.
AB  - Benign osteoblastoma is a rare tumor, more frequent in males, usually occurring
      in patients under the age of 30 years, and is seen most frequently in the spine,
      femur, tibia, and mandible. Its varied roentgenographic appearance may suggest a
      large osteoid osteoma or an aneurysmal bone cyst, but about one-fourth of cases
      present a picture consistent with a malignant neoplasm. The roentgen changes in
      the spine are frequently subtle and require care for identification.
      Differentiation from osteogenic sarcoma is sometimes difficult even with
      histological material, because some low grade osteogenic sarcomas contain areas
      resembling osteoblastoma. Conservative surgery is the treatment of choice for
      osteoblastoma.

PMID- 175702
TI  - Non-rheumatic acute mitral insufficiency caused by ruptured chordae tendineae.
AB  - Five patients with proved mitral insufficiency caused by ruptured chordae
      tendineae were examined. Two patients came to autopsy without cardiac
      cateterization. Three patients, who had cardiac cateterization and surgical
      replacement of their mitral valves, improved dramatically. Two additional
      patients have been clinically diagnosed and have had corroborative cardiac
      catheterization and are being observed in anticipation of possible future valve
      replacement. Similar findings in these seven patients include adult onset of a
      characteristic systolic heart murmur which mimics aortic valvular stenosis, acute
      pulmonary edema associated with massive mitral insufficiency in the face of a
      normal sized or only minimally enlarged left atrium, and variable size of the
      left ventricle. In none of the patients were there historical or physical
      findings of trauma or rheumatic or bacterial endocarditis. A wide spectrum of
      clinical courses may be explained by the variable number of ruptured chordae
      tendineae at the time of clinical presentation. Although the incidence and
      etiology are uncertain, we believe this entity is not uncommon. Myxomatous
      degeneration of the connective tissue of the heart was present, but the cause
      remains unknown.

PMID- 175703
TI  - Hemochromatosis: a disease often silent but not invisible.
AB  - Hemochromatosis is a disorder characterized by the association of portal
      cirrhosis with deposition of excess amounts of iron in the parenchymal cells of
      many organs. Arthralgia and arthritis occur in about 50% of patients. The role of
      the radiologist is often significant in the recognition of this condition because
      hemochromatosis may be unsuspected clinically since the hepatic cirrhosis is
      frequently inactive at the time the arthritis develops. The possibility of
      hemochromatosis should be considered when the characteristic involvement of the
      metacarpophalangeal, radiocarpal, and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hand
      and wrist is present. In addition, articular and fibrocartilage calcification is
      often noted, particularly in the knee, triangular cartilage of the wrist, hip,
      elbow, symphysis pubis, and shoulder. Although localized chondrocalcinosis may be
      seen in association with many disorders, as well as in asymptomatic elderly
      persons, generalized chondrocalcinosis is a significant finding and is commonly
      associated with hemochromatosis. Recognition of the typical distribution of the
      arthropathy plus its characteristic roentgenographic features should aid in the
      identification of patients with the disorder who do not demonstrate the typical
      clinical features of hemochromatosis.

PMID- 175704
TI  - Biliary ascariasis in children.
AB  - The ascaris is a common human parasite and has a world wide distribution. In
      areas where it is endemic, biliary complications are common. In our locality it
      occurs mainly in children, presenting with upper abdominal colicky pain usually
      without jaundice. We have analyzed the positive roentgenological findings of 67
      cases which presented in one year. The findings on cholangiography are
      diagnostic. The worm is seen as a linear translucent filling defect in a dilated
      common bile duct. Usually it is only faintly outlined by thin tram lines and
      occasionally there may not be excretion of the contrast material. The attention
      of radiologists is brought to this condition and the appearances of ascariasis
      infestation of the intestines are also noted.

PMID- 175705
TI  - Intestinal malrotation in adults. Roentgenographic assessment with emphasis on
      isolated complete and partial nonrotations.
AB  - Intestinal malrotation may occur as an isolated deformity. It may involve either
      the proximal (duodenojejunal) or the distal (cecocolic) intestinal segment. A
      survey of 28 consecutive cases of rotational abnormalities in the adult
      population demonstrates a diversity of roentgenographic presentations. Twelve
      cases exhibited the classical form of nonrotation of the entire midgut. The rest
      showed isolated forms of complete and partial rotations as well as a variety of
      intermediary forms previously not reported in the literature. Familiarization
      with this concept avoids confusing interpretations and errors in the
      roentgenographic diagnosis.

PMID- 175706
TI  - Arteriography of retroperitoneal lymphoma.
AB  - Arteriography was performed in 16 patients with various types of lymphoma
      involving the retroperitoneal space. The location and extent of the mass could be
      predicted in 15 cases, based upon displacement of major arteris or kidneys. Most
      of the studies demonstrated some degree of fine reticular neovascularity and
      staining within the mass; none showed extreme hypervascularity, coarse or ragged
      vessels, or pooling of contrast medium during the capillary phase. The
      differential diagnosis of lesions with this appearance includes metastases,
      sarcomas, neural tumors, and inflammatory masses. Arteriography may possibly
      prove to be of value in staging certain patients with lymphoma, although
      definitive assessment of its role must await further prospective studies.

PMID- 175707
TI  - Roentgenology-pathology correlative study of neovascularity.
AB  - In an attempt to evaluate the histologic picture of what is shown on angiograms
      as neovascularity, several benign and malignant tumors were examined. New vessels
      (neovascularity) are large capillaries or sinusoids, and neither contain smooth
      muscle in their walls. The walls may contain some fibrous connective tissue.
      Puddling, laking, and staining represent the collection of contrast medium in
      small capillaries or sinusoids. Some tumors, such as hemangioma of the liver,
      cystadenoma of the pancreas, and angiomyolipoma of the kidney contained abnormal
      vascularity, but this was not composed of vessels which had arisen or developed
      anew, as there was smooth muscle in their walls, and this indicates that those
      vessels had been there from birth. In xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and
      chronic renal disease, the appearance of increased vascularity is the result of
      rearrangement of the normal vascular structures.

PMID- 175708
TI  - Complications of percutaneous transaxillary catheterization for arteriography and
      selective chemotherapy.
AB  - This report enumerates and analyzes the complications of percutaneous
      transaxillary catheterization encountered in 200 consecutive patients undergoing
      diagnostic arteriography, and 20 consecutive patients who had catheter placement
      for selective chemotherapy. Diagnostic arteriography led to minor complications
      in eleven percent and major complications in two percent. Risk correlated with
      the type of procedure, number of catheter exchanges and particularly, the
      presence of arteriographic risk factors, such as hypertension, bleeding
      tendencies, and advanced atherosclerosis. Therapeutic catheter placements had a
      15 percent incidence of minor and a 20 percent incidence of major complications.
      Here, also, complications were more likely in the presence of the arteriographic
      risk factors. Suggested means for decreasing the hazards of the transaxillary
      catheterization include: exclusion of high risk patients, use of a proper
      puncture site, careful catheter manipulation, the fewest possible catheter
      exchanges, correct manual hemostatis following catheter withdrawal, and close
      observation of the patient after the procedure. Early surgical intervention is
      indicated in the presence of a progressively developing neural defect.

PMID- 175709
TI  - Analysis of cecal vasculature in the search for vascular malformations.
AB  - Four patients with gastrointestinal bleeding due to vascular malformations of the
      cecum are described with emphasis placed on the clinical, angiographic and
      pathologic features. Barium enema examinations were negative in all four cases
      and in three of four early venous filling identified the cecal vascular
      malformation. Postoperative angiographic studies of the cecal specimens using
      electron emission radiography were helpful in identifying these small lesions.
      The pathologic features and possible pathogenesis of this disorder are reviewed.
      Angiographic and microscopic studies in a control group of 60 post mortem and
      surgically extirpated cecums defined the normal circulation of the antimesenteric
      border. In this group, no vascular malformations were present.

PMID- 175710
TI  - Computerized reconstructive tomography applied to breast pathology.
AB  - Breast tumors can be clearly defined from the surrounding breast parenchyma by
      the use of computerized reconstructive tomography. Certain types of fibrocystic
      mastitis also can be distinguished from tumors, but other types of fibrous
      mastitis and probably fibroadenomas may not be distinguishable from tumors unless
      contrast material is used.

PMID- 175712
TI  - Retrocecal appendicitis presenting with air in the subhepatic space.
AB  - Two cases of perforated retrocecal appendicitis presenting with the roentgen
      finding of an air containing subhepatic abscess are discussed. Although it is an
      unusual cause for air in the right subhepatic space, retrocecal appendicitis
      should be considered in the radiologist's differential diagnosis.

PMID- 175711
TI  - Efficacy of pneumogynecography in the diagnosis of Meyer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser
      syndrome.
AB  - Twelve patients with Meyer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome were examined by
      means of pneumogynecography. The results obtained disclose the great diagnostic
      value of the method in this disorder.

PMID- 175713
TI  - Pulmonary metastases from intracerebral meningioma. Diagnosis by percutaneous
      needle aspiration biopsy.
AB  - A case of metastatic meningioma to the lung is reported and the recent literature
      reviewed. This case was diagnosed solely by cytologic examination of fine needle
      aspiration biopsy. Pulmonary metastases are relatively rare and the diagnosis by
      this method has not previously been reported.

PMID- 175714
TI  - Hazards of the intensive care unit.
AB  - Complications arise in the introduction, maintenance, and use of devices for life
      support and monitoring in an intensive care unit. Since recognition of such
      complications is frequently difficult in this clinical setting, the radiologist
      is often in a position to be the first to detect complications associated with
      the use of endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes, Swan-Ganz catheters, subclavian
      catheters, central venous pressure catheters, and intra-aortic balloons.

PMID- 175715
TI  - A device to measure roentgenographic structures.
AB  - A simple device and a nomogram are presented to permit rapid, accurate
      measurement of structures shown on roentgenograms. The arrangement is designed
      specifically for measurement of coronary vessels, but it can be adapted to other
      structures.

PMID- 175716
TI  - Editorial: The James Picker Foundation for radiologic research.

PMID- 175717
TI  - In memoriam. Fernando G. Bloedorn, M.D. 1913-1975.

PMID- 175718
TI  - Charles Hanson Peterson, M.D. 1904-1975.

PMID- 175720
TI  - [The influence of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy on the sleep cycle formation in
      newborn infants].

PMID- 175719
TI  - Villous adenomas of the colorectum.
AB  - During a ten-year period 258 patients with villous adenomas were seen at the
      Massachusetts General Hospital: seventy-four of these patients (29%) had invasive
      cancer that developed in adenomas. The operative mortality ascribed to removal of
      benign adenomas was zero, but for cancer arising in villous adenomas it was 3 per
      cent. Therapy often is difficult because of the size and location of the tumors.
      Methods of removal have been considered in detail.

PMID- 175721
TI  - [Criteria for determining the age of the human embryo].

PMID- 175722
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of prolonged pregnancy].

PMID- 175724
TI  - [Ultrastructure of macular corneal dystrophy (Groenouw II): investigations of
      paracentral deep corneal layers (author's transl)].
AB  - Electron microscopic studies proved, that in cases of macular corneal dystrophy
      (Groenouw II) abnormal deposits of acid mucopolysaccharide are demonstrable in
      the different layers of the cornea in a polymorphic form. Because of the
      investigations now performed it can be established, that the opacities of the
      paracentral, deep corneal layers result from both dispersed vesicular and plaque
      like deposits of storage material in the border area of the stroma and Descemet's
      membrane.

PMID- 175723
TI  - [Schnyder's corneal dystrophy and hyperlipidemia (author's transl].
AB  - Five out of ten members of a kinship were found to be affected by Schnyder's
      corneal dystrophy. Hyperlipoproteinemia was present in five out of eight cases
      examined (3 times type II, twice type IV). In one case with corneal dystrophy
      lipid levels were in the normal range, in another case, a child, hyperlipidemia
      was present without corneal abnormalities. The interrelationship of Schnyder's
      corneal dystrophy and disorders of lipoprotein metabolism is discussed. It is
      concluded that patients with Schnyder's corneal dystrophy and their relatives
      should be screened for hyperlipidemia; prophylactic treatment should be
      instituted when cases with hypercholesterinemia are found.

PMID- 175725
TI  - Halothane action on lymphocytes does not involve cyclic AMP.
AB  - Both theophylline and halothane inhibited transformation of human lymphocytes by
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Theophylline did not augment the inhibitory action of
      halothane and depressed PHA transformation of halothane-treated cells to the same
      extent as that of air-treated cells. Halothane- and air-treated lymphocytes,
      prior to PHA addition, had the same content of cyclic AMP. The addition of PHA to
      these cultures raised cyclic-AMP concentrations to the same extent in halothane-
      and air-treated lymphocytes. Halothane action on PHA-stimulated lymphocytes
      appears not to involve changes in cyclic nucleotide metabolism.

PMID- 175726
TI  - Pharmacologic modification of induced asthma.
AB  - Oral adrenergic substances (e.g., ephedrine) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors
      (e.g., theophylline) can have a prophylactic effect on natural or experimentally
      induced asthma by maintaining high levels of cyclic AMP in the target organ
      cells. This controlled, double-blind study evaluates these drugs alone and in a
      standard dosage combination in blocking asthma induced by the inhalation of
      pollen allergens among highly selected patients. The results support the claim
      that oral adrenergic drugs and xanthines can be useful in the prophylaxis of
      asthma.

PMID- 175728
TI  - [A practical method of numerical evaluation applicable to miniaturized technics
      of plaque assay].
AB  - When one wishes to titrate viruses by counting the number of infective foci on
      small surfaces of observation, one is rapidly limited by confluences which render
      counting impossible. Between the use of an all or nothing system which is not
      accurate and a total field of count, often impossible, there is an intermediate
      method already described and studied by Tippett, which is very little used in
      practice. We have performed the calculations again, drawn up reference values and
      given rules for choice of the field. Two examples show their practical use.

PMID- 175727
TI  - [Bacteriological characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae. Incidence and
      conditions of appearance of the pigmentation. Sensitivity to antibiotics].
AB  - From a bacteriological study of 137 strains of streptococcus agalactiae, it seems
      that this species is perfectly defined by bacteriological tests, the most
      characteristic of which is hydrolysis with hippuric acid. The brown pigment of
      the strains, the conditions for demonstration of which are described and
      discussed here, may also be an important characteristic for it is rare in
      streptococci. The pigment was extracted, its nature and role are discussed. The
      sensitivity to 12 antibiotics was studied; the beta-lactamines were the most
      commonly active.

PMID- 175729
TI  - Letter: "Purinergic" neurotransmitters in the esophagus.

PMID- 175731
TI  - [Determination of urinary cyclic AMP in 15 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 175730
TI  - [Cryoglobulinemias. Clinical and biological correlations].

PMID- 175732
TI  - [Diarrhea in hormone-secreting tumors. Clinical importance and physiopathologic
      concepts].

PMID- 175733
TI  - [The action of 2(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole on 26 strains of bovine
      enteroviruses isolated in Algeria (author's transl)].
AB  - Bovine enteroviruses were first classified into two main groups on a serological
      basis. The ability to grow in the presence of 5 mug/ml of 2(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)
      benzimidazole (HBB) has been reported to be characteristic of the strains
      belonging to group I. Twenty-six strains isolated in Algeria and previously
      serologically grouped were submitted to the action of GBB. The viruses of our
      group I (similar to La Placa's group I) exhibited the same propertie, whereas the
      strains of our group II were inhibited by GBB as are the strains belonging to La
      Placa's group II.

PMID- 175734
TI  - A lipid and lipoprotein profile of treated and untreated diabetics.
AB  - A group of 149 diabetics and 98 healthy subjects without evidence of diabetes or
      ischaemic heart disease were studied. Untreated diabetics under 40 years old and
      40 years of age and over showed statistically raised fasting serum turbidity,
      triglycerides, and raised beta and pre-beta lipoprotein levels but not raised
      cholesterol levels over the age and sex matched normal subjects. Further, some
      63% of all diabetics showed a distinct split pre-beta lipoprotein pattern as seen
      on polyacrylamide disc electrolphoresis as compared with 17% in the control
      group. Raised lecithin and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels were found in
      male diabetics and raised PE levels in young diabetic women. In patients under
      treatment with insulin, chlorpropamide, or phenformin the diabetes was well
      controlled in most cases, but these patients did not have significantly lower
      lipid levels. Diabetics on a low carbohydrate diet showed improvement in
      triglycerides and pre-beta lipoprotein levels, but beta lipoproteins were not
      lowered. It is suggested that diabetics may benefit by the inclusion of
      clofibrate in the treatment.

PMID- 175735
TI  - Primary liver cancer associated with long-term oestrogen therapy.
AB  - A woman with primary liver cancer after nine years therapy with polyestradiol
      phosphate is reported. The oestrogen was administered monthy by intramuscular
      injection for menopausal symptoms. This case suggests a possible association
      between long-term oestrogen therapy and the development of hepatic malignancy and
      also must direct attention to both hormone components in the evaluation of tumour
      development in users or oral contraceptives.

PMID- 175736
TI  - [Proceedings: Radioimmunological determinatoon of alpha-MSH and ACTH in the rat
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 175737
TI  - [Proceedings: Isolated adenocorticotropin deficiency, 2 cases report (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 175738
TI  - Monitoring the permeability profile of lipid membranes with spin probes.

PMID- 175739
TI  - States of myosin subfragment-1 studied by catalyzed ascorbate reduction of bound
      spin label.

PMID- 175740
TI  - Studies on adrenal delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase.

PMID- 175741
TI  - Lipid protein interactions in mitochondria. Spin and fluorescence probe studies
      on the effect of n-alkanols on phospholipid vesicles and mitochondrial membranes.

PMID- 175742
TI  - Calcium-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from brain: comparison of
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate as substrates.

PMID- 175743
TI  - Bone and kidney lesions in experimental cadmium intoxication.
AB  - Young male rats were fed a diet containing cadmium (0, 10, 30, 100, and 300 ppm)
      so as to morphologically investigate the relationship between bone and kidney
      lesions caused by experimental cadmium intoxication. In the early stage of the
      experiment, before the occurrence of kidney lesions, ingeted cadmium caused
      osteoporotic changes in bone. In later stages, slight pathologic changes in the
      kdidney occurred in association with urinary excretion of cadmium. However, there
      was no evidence of osteomalacic change in bone during the 12-week experimental
      period. These findings suggest that cadmium may act primarily on bone, rather
      than secondarily through disturbances of the kidneys, which have some protective
      ability against cadmium intoxication in the early stage of ingestion of the
      metal.

PMID- 175744
TI  - Convulsant drugs and inhibitory mechanisms in the mammalian central nervous
      system.

PMID- 175745
TI  - [Interaction of ethanol with various cerebral neurotransmitters in mice].

PMID- 175746
TI  - [A study on adenovirus infection in intestine--clinical and experimental
      investigation (author's transl)].

PMID- 175747
TI  - [Experimental studies on the toxicity of smoldering and burning gases of
      different materials].

PMID- 175748
TI  - Effect of aeration on the activity of gluconeogenetic enzymes in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae growing under glucose limitation.
AB  - 1. The effect of aeration on the key enzymes of gluconeogenesis was studied in
      baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in a nonrespiratory variant of S.
      cerevisiae grown under glucose limitation. 2. In baker's yeast
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, hexosediphophatase and isocitrate lyase were
      completely repressed under anaerobic conditions. Their repression could be
      partially reversed by using intense aeration. 3. In the nonrespiratory variant
      these enzymes were absent independently of aeration. 4. Pyruvate carboxylase of
      baker's yeast showed maximal activity under anaerobic conditions. In the
      nonrespiratory variant pyruvate carboxylase had low activity under both anaerobic
      and aerobic conditions.

PMID- 175749
TI  - Localization of selenium in bacterial cells using TEM and energy dispersive X-Ray
      analysis.
AB  - Bacteria isolated from lake sediment samples reduced sodium selenite to elemental
      selenium. Finestructural observations were made on a number of different
      bacterial species cultured in the presence of sodium selenite. Examination of
      Escherichia coli and a Pseudomonas species revealed electron-dense deposits of
      irregular shape, composed of smaller units, within the cytoplasm but not on the
      cell wall and cell membrane. Cells of Aeromonas and Flavobacterium species
      exhibited conspicuous intranuclear fibrillary aggregates and different electron
      dense inclusions. It appeared that the membrane structures were somewhat more
      easily stained in some bacterial cells after growth on agar plates containing
      sodium selenite. The deposits and fibrillary accumulations were interpreted to
      contain selenium on the basis of energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Control
      preparations and cells grown in the presence of sodium selenate were void of any
      fine-structural abnormalities. Alterations in fine structure are discussed in
      relation to the metabolism of selenium by bacterial cells and possible sites of
      inhibition.

PMID- 175750
TI  - Microfilament bundles in antheridial nuclei of Achlya ambisexualis E 87.
AB  - This is the first report of intranuclear microfilaments within gametangial nuclei
      of oomycetous fungi. Longitudinal sections of four to six microfilaments were
      frequently observed in meiotic antheridial nuclei of Achlya ambisexualis. Each
      microfilament measured approximately 7--10 nm in diameter. Spindle tubules (25 nm
      in diameter) were also observed within some of the nuclei possessing
      microfilaments.

PMID- 175751
TI  - The intramitochondrial location of cytochrome c peroxidase in wild-type and
      petite Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - Cytochemical and ultrastructural analysis of wild-type cells of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae, grown aerobically in a glucose-limited chemostat, shows that
      cytochrome c peroxidase is localized between the membranes of the cristae, that
      is, in the intracristal space. This enzyme is thus positioned appropriately
      within the organelle to act as an alternate terminal oxidase for the respiratory
      chain. The proximity of the peroxidase to major sites of generation of its two
      substrates may account for the small leakage of hydrogen peroxide from yeast
      mitochondria, as compared with the larger outflow from mammalian mitochondria. In
      the cytoplasmic petite mutant, gross distortion of promitochondrial membrane
      arrangement is evident. Nevertheless, cytochrome c perioxidase activity is
      present in the same amounts as is found in wild-type cells, and is localized
      predominantly within annuli of membrane which constitute the promitochondria in
      these cells. No unequivocal evidence was obtained for the localization of
      catalase in microbodies or other organelles in either wild-type or petite cells.

PMID- 175753
TI  - Effect of temperature on the viability of Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - One of the obligate thermophilic bacteria, Bacillus stearothermophilus, was
      unable to grow at temperatures below 35 degrees C. About 80% of the population in
      the bacterial culture died at the temperatures, and the same extent of loss in
      either of the activities of oxygen consumption or synthesis of protein or nucleic
      acid of the organisms was observed. With the progress of death of the organisms,
      reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide came to be oxidized by the organisms,
      enzymes such as fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase, when the organisms were washed
      with phosphate buffer, were leaked out of the organisms, and an increasing amount
      of ribonucleoprotein was released into the culture medium. The change of the
      membrane state was then suggested to be one of the possible causes for the death
      of the organisms at the temperatures.

PMID- 175752
TI  - Acid phosphatase localization in the fungus Whetzelinia sclerotiorum.
AB  - Acid phosphatase was localized by light and electron microscopy in chains of
      vacuoles in hyphal tip cells of Whetzelinia sclerotiorum. The enzyme was present
      in these vacuoles whether or not conditions favored extracellular acid
      phosphatase secretion. Apical vesicles, microbodies, Woronin bodies, and lipid
      bodies did not contain acid phosphatase. The implications regarding terminology
      of organelles in filamentous fungi are discussed with special reference to the
      fungal spherosome concept.

PMID- 175754
TI  - [Fructose 1,6-diphosphatase deficiency in 2 sisters].
AB  - The discovery of a fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency in two sisters leads to
      the discussion of the various loading tests which are required for the diagnosis.
      The diagnosis may be discussed clinically with type I glycogenosis, and
      biologically with hereditary fructose intolerance. The specific characteristics
      of these disorders are analyzed as well as the problem of fructose induced
      hypoglucosemia. The failure of the treatment with folic acid in one of the cases
      leads to emphasize the suppression of prolonged fast in order to avoid acute
      accidents.

PMID- 175756
TI  - Fine structure of the pancreatic islets in domestic fowl with special reference
      to the cell type and secretion.
AB  - The pancreatic islets of domestic fowl were investigated by electron microscope.
      The following results were obtained. 1. The A islet is composed of a great many A
      cells and a few D cells. It also contained only a few B cells which are situated
      mainly along capillaries. 2. On the contrary, the B islet is composed of a great
      many B cells and a few D cells. It also contained only a few A cells in its
      periphary. 3. Immature secretory granules within the Golgi complex are almost the
      same in size, shape and density among the three types of islet cells. Since there
      are quite distinct differences in these properties of mature secretory granules
      in the cytoplasm among the three types of islet cells, there may be a difference
      in the mode of maturation process among the three. 4. These granules are released
      from the three types of islet cells through a mechanism termed as emiocytosis.

PMID- 175755
TI  - [Increment in height of the upper segment and bi-iliac diameter after menarche in
      young girls. Longitudinal study of 40 adolescents].
AB  - The growth in height, upper segment and biiliac diameter after the menarche has
      been studied in 40 girls followed longitudinally until the mean age of 18 years 3
      months. The mean increase in height after the menarch was 7.3 +/- 2 cm., with
      significant individual variations. The upper segment was responsible for much of
      the total increase, which was greater with an early menarche. The percentage of
      the final height attained by the menarche was constant: 95.5 % +/- 1,2 %. After
      cessation in height growth, the biiliac diameter still increased for 75 % of the
      children. The median value for this increase after the menarche was 2 cm., with a
      significant scatter. The increase in these three parameters was in indirect
      correlation with the bone age: the less the bone age at the menarche, the greater
      the increase in height, upper segment and biiliac diameter.

PMID- 175757
TI  - An ultrastructural-cytochemical study on the proliferation of smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum induced by chlorobiphenyls (PCB) in the guinea pig liver cells.
AB  - The ultrastructural changes in the liver cells of guinea pigs induced by the oral
      administration of PCB were studied by electron microscopy; also electron
      microscopic cytochemistry for glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity was
      applied. Proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) was the most
      prominent change observed in the liver cells, which remained as long as 90 days
      after the final administration. G-6-Pase activity was ultracytochemically
      demonstrated not only in the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the
      nuclear envelope in the liver cells of normal controls, but also in the
      proliferated sER in the liver cells of PCB-treated animals. The present
      investigation revealed that PCB stored in the animal body induced the
      proliferation of sER in the liver cells for a long time after the cessation of
      the treatment, and that sER in the liver cells, normally existing or
      proliferated, always showed positive activity of G-6-Pase.

PMID- 175758
TI  - Frequency of genes and heredity of AK types in the Polish population.
AB  - Types of the AK groups system were determined in a sample of the Polish
      population numbering 660 subjects. Two phenotypes were found: AK 1-1 with a
      frequency of 0-933, and AK 2-1 with a frequency of 0-067. Gene frequencies were
      AK1 = 0-967 and AK2 = 0-033. Distribution of phenotypes in 62 families with 195
      children was consistent with the hypothesis according to which heredity of AK
      types depends on two codominant alleles.

PMID- 175759
TI  - Changes in the heart in chronic experimental alcoholism.
AB  - In studies on the effect of chronic experimental alcoholism on the heart, rats
      were given 15% (v/v) solution of ethyl alcohol ad libitum instead of water to
      drink for 8 months. Histologic examination revealed degenerative changes in the
      myocardial fibers, and histochemical examination diminished activity of oxidative
      enzymes.

PMID- 175760
TI  - Immunohistochemical, histochemical and autoradiographic studies on human amnions
      (fetal sac) in experimental serologic Rh factor incompatibility in vitro.

PMID- 175761
TI  - Tryptophan oxygenase in the liver and Albert hepatoma in mice.

PMID- 175762
TI  - Calcium pyrophosphate. Histological characterization of crystals in pseudogout.
AB  - Deposits taken from an acetabulum and the head of a femur and known to contain
      crystals of calcium pyrophosphate were examined by selected histological methods
      for calcium after the application of a variety of solvents. Treatment with 10%
      ferric chloride removed all calcium salts tested, except a birefringent
      crystalline component in the pyrophosphate deposits. This corresponds to the
      previous optical and morphological descriptions of calcium pyrophosphate as found
      in synovial fluids. Calcium pyrophosphate stains consistently only by the
      fluorescent morin method.

PMID- 175763
TI  - Neutrophilic leukocyte inclusions in colchicine intoxication.
AB  - Large, darkly staining, intracytoplasmic inclusions were observed in the
      neutrophils of a young woman after suicidal ingestion of colchicine. The
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils also contained intracytoplasmic and intranuclear
      vacuoles. Electron microscopy enabled further characterization of these
      morphologic changes that, although nonspecific, are consistent with certain known
      toxic effects of colchicine.

PMID- 175764
TI  - Late infantile neuronal storage disease with curvilinear bodies.
AB  - The brain and other organs of a case of late infantile neuronal storage disease
      were studied by light and electron microscopy. At the ultrastructural level,
      aggregates of typical curvilinear bodies were found in neurons and cells of every
      organ examined. Striking features not well documented in previously reported
      cases included numerous, large curvilinear bodies in proximal renal tubules and
      granulomas in the spleen. These findings are discussed in light of other reports
      of neuronal storage disease.

PMID- 175765
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations in livers with metastasis.
AB  - The electron microscopic examination of 13 biopsy specimens of livers that
      contained metastatic carcinoma revealed degenerative alterations of the
      mitochondria, cystic dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, increased amounts
      of osmiophilic material, some in various stages of autophagocytosis, and lipid
      vacuoles within the hepatocytes. In ten of 13 cases, the hepatocytes demonstrated
      mitochondrial paracrystalline inclusions. The observation of the latter
      structures in edematous hepatocytes containing phospholipid-rich osmiophilic
      deposits tends to confirm the experimental hypothesis that paracrystalline
      inclusions are caused by the precipitation of unmasked phospholipids. The
      spectrum of ultrastructural findings suggests hypoxia and impaired lipid
      metabolism of the hepatic tissue as a result of congestion and bile stasis caused
      by the tumor nodules.

PMID- 175766
TI  - [Periods of spontaneous discharges in paretic muscles. Low frequency rhythms of
      repetitive single, grouped and serial discharges (author's transl)].
AB  - Of 1800 patients examined electromyographically, 37 showed different forms of
      spontaneous low frequency periodical discharges in neuromuscular diseases.
      Besides the well-known high frequency bizarre discharges of 10-150 per sec in
      neuropathies and myopathies, low frequency periods of mostly polyphasic
      potentials are described as "low frequency bizarre discharge". Three types of
      these rhythms are distinguished: single, grouped, and serial discharges in
      various peripheral nerve and motor neuron and muscle diseases. The rate of the
      periods varied from 0.2 to 6 per sec, but was nearly constant in one and the same
      muscle. The discharge rate within the period may be higher, up to 150 per sec.
      The low frequency single discharges probably originate in the muscle fibers, the
      grouped and serial discharges possibly in the terminal branches of peripheral
      nerves. Rhythmical repetitive discharges may result from a reduction of stimulus
      threshold and accommodation  of muscle- and nerve fibers respectively. Grouped
      and serial discharges may also be provoked by nerve stimulation or voluntary
      innervation.

PMID- 175767
TI  - The incidence of spontaneous tumors of the central nervous system of Wistar rats.
AB  - The brains of 396 old albino rats of the breed Wistar-AF/Han-EMD were examined
      for spontaneous tumors of the CNS and the following tumors were diagnosed: 1
      oligodendroglioma, 1 astrocytoma, 1 mixed glioma, 1 pleomorphic glioma, and 19
      meningiomas. Thus the CNS tumor rate was 5.8%. In addition 6 micromeningiomas
      were found. Knowledge of the spontaneous tumor rate including the tumor incidence
      in the CNS of the animal strains used for these examinations is a necessary
      condition for the evaluation of the results of cancerogenicity tests. CNS tumors
      deserve particular attention because during recent years it was found that
      certain chemical compounds like for instance N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induce organ
      specific tumors in the brain of rats. It is recommended, therefore, to always
      include the central nervous system in the autopsy and histologic examination of
      animals from cancerogenicity trials. For cerebral autopsy transversal sections
      through the different cerebral regions and histologic examination of transversal
      section surfaces of all tumors and suspected tumor areas are suggested.

PMID- 175768
TI  - [An electron microscopic and morphometric study of the gastric parietal cells of
      rats following administration of gastrin, histamine and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate].
AB  - The ultrastructure of the gastric parietal cells was studied in rats affected by
      a genetic inductor of the hydrochloric acid secretion and its mediators in this
      process - histamine and cyclic 3', 5'-adenozinemonophosphate playing the role of
      the enzyme activators. All these stimulators caused similar changes in the cell
      structure. The square surface of the intracellular secretory tubules was shown to
      become 2,5 times larger, and that of the canaliculi - vesiculoid elements which
      seemed to be the cell membrane depot became 2,5 times less. It may be supposed
      that the gastric mucosa parietal cells are not the target-cells for pentagastrine
      (gastrine).

PMID- 175771
TI  - Clinical aspects, experimental proof of proteolytic activities in corneal
      pathology (without therapy).

PMID- 175770
TI  - Adult (chronic) GM2 gangliosidosis. Atypical spinocerebellar degeneration in a
      Jewish sibship.
AB  - Two adult Ashkenazi Jewish siblings have had slowly progressive deterioration of
      gait and posture since early childhood, distal to proximal muscle atrophy, pes
      cavus, foot drop, spasticity, mild ataxia of limbs and trunk, dystonic features,
      and dysarthria. Vision and optic fundi are normal, verbal intelligence is stable,
      and no seizures have occurred. The sister of the patients died at 16 years of age
      with the same illness. Autopsy showed diffuse neuronal storage, predominating in
      subcortical areas, consisting of membranocytoplasmic bodies, zebra bodies, and
      complex lamellar structures. GM2 ganglioside was increased in her brain.
      Hexosaminidase A was decreased in serum and leukocytes of the living patients,
      and was in the range for carriers of Tay-Sachs disease in their parents. The
      disease found in this family represents a new, more indolent variant of GM2
      gangliosidosis.

PMID- 175769
TI  - [The specificity of intracellular changes in chick embryo blastoderm during the
      latent period of embryogenesis].
AB  - Yolk inclusions, lipids and polysaccharides found in the chicken embryo
      blastoderm cells are utilized during the latent period of embryogenesis. The yolk
      outside the blastoderm is not utilized. A delay in the development of the embryo
      of first days of incubation is related to a switching over the metabolism from
      utilizaiton of intracellular nutrient material to assimilation of the
      extracellular yolk. In the course of morphogenetical movements of the embryo, in
      the process of gastrulation, took place an increased biosynthesis in the
      blastoderm cell membranes.

PMID- 175773
TI  - The glutathione of the cornea.

PMID- 175772
TI  - Collagenase inhibitors.

PMID- 175775
TI  - [Aspiration cytology of the breast (author's transl)].

PMID- 175774
TI  - Degenerative alterations in the ventral cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig after
      impulse noise exposure. A preliminary light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Guinea pigs were exposed to the noise of 40 shots of an alarm pistol held at a
      distance of about 60 cm. The ventral cochlear nuclei were studied in phase
      contrast and electron microscopy after both survival periods and longer periods
      of up to 55 days survival. Marked degeneration of primary cochlear nerve endings
      and of synapting secondary neurons of the posterior caudal part of the ventral
      cochlear nucleus (AVCN) and the octupus cell area (OCA) of the posterior ventral
      cochlear nucleus (PVCN) was found most distinctly after 5-55 days. As criteria of
      degeneration of the second neuron of the afferent auditory pathway we used: 1.
      The loss of the synapting nerve endings, mainly 'shrinking". 2. The formation of
      huge mitochondria in the second order neurons and their dendrites. 3. The
      phagocytosis by glial cells of nerve endings, of the second order neurons and of
      their dendrites. After 5 days survival time no distinct changes were found in the
      granular cell area of PVCN, where as all stages of degeneration could be found in
      OCA at this time. In the discussion of these findings it is concluded that
      additional studies of the morphology of the cochlear nuclei seem necessary, as
      these may lead to a better understanding of the pathology of hearing following
      heavy noise exposure.

PMID- 175776
TI  - Characterization of a virus associated with epidemic conjunctivitis in Thailand.
AB  - A strain of virus, named the A-E strain, was isolated from a patient suffering
      from acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis during an epidemic of the disease in
      Bangkok in 1972. The virus had the characteristics of an enterovirus but was not
      neutralized by any known enterovirus antiserum. Cross neutralization tests
      indicated that the isolate was closely related to the J670-71 virus isolated in
      Japan. The virus produced conjunctivitis in rabbits and monkeys following
      conjunctival inoculation.

PMID- 175777
TI  - Reversible modification of pig heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
AB  - 1. Pig heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase incubated with pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate at pH 8.0 and 25 degrees C gradually loses activity. Such inactivation
      can be largely reversed by dialysis or by addition of L-lysine or L-cysteine, and
      can be made permanent by NaBH4 reduction. 2. Modification of malate dehydrogenase
      with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at 35 degrees C involves two phases, an initial
      inactivation which is reversible and a slower irreversible second stage. 3. The
      initial reaction between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and malate dehydrogenase appears
      to involve reversible formation of a Schiff base with the epsilon-amino group of
      a lysine residue. 4. Inactivation of malate dehydrogenase by pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate at 10 degrees C involves only the reversible reaction. 5. At 10 degrees
      C repeated cycles of treatment with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and NaBH4 reduction
      lead to a stepwise decline in residual activity. 6. Apparent Km values for malate
      and NAD+ are unaltered in the partially inactivated enzyme. 7. NAD+ and NADH give
      only partial protection against pyridoxal 5'-phosphate inactivation. Substrates
      give no effect.

PMID- 175779
TI  - Ontogenetic study of a myelin-derived fraction with 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'
      phosphodydrolase activity higher than that of myelin.
AB  - A membrane fraction (SN 4), prepared from developing and mature rat forebrain by
      hypo-osmotic treatment of microsome (microsomal-fraction)-free myelin, appears to
      be closely related to the myelin-like fraction. Fraction SN 4 shows 2':3'-cyclic
      nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase activity higher than that of the parent myelin.
      Electrophoresis reveals a multitude of bands with the Wolfgram protein as the
      main component.

PMID- 175778
TI  - A product-inhibition study of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase.
AB  - 1. Initial rates of oxidative deamination of L-glutamate with NAD+ as coenzyme,
      and of reductive aminiation of 2-oxoglutarate with NADH as coenzyme, catalysed by
      bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase were measured in 0.111 M-sodium phosphate
      buffer, pH 7, at 25 degrees C, in the absence and presence of product inhibitors.
      All 12 possible combinations of variable substrate and product inhibitor were
      used. 2. Strict competition was observed between NAD+ and NADH, and between
      glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate. All other inhibition patterns were clearly non
      competitive, except for inhibition by NH4+ with NAD+ as variable substrate. Here
      the extrapolation did not permit a clear distinction between competitive and non
      competitive inhibition. 3. Mutually non-competitive behaviour between glutamate
      and NH4+ indicates that these substrates can be bound at the active site
      simultaneously. 4. Primary Lineweaver-Burk plots and derived secondary plots of
      slopes and intercepts against inhibitor concentration were linear, with one
      exception: with 2-oxoglutarate as variable substrate, the replot of primary
      intercepts against inhibitory NAD+ concentration was curved. 5. Separate Ki
      values were evaluated for the effect of each product inhibitor on the individual
      terms in the reciprocal initial-rate equations. With this information it is
      possible to calculate rates for any combination of substrate concentrations
      within the experimental range with any concentration of a single product
      inhibitor. 6. The inhibition patterns are consistent with neither a simple
      compulsory-order mechanism nor a rapid-equilibrium random-order mechanism without
      modification. They can, however, be reconciled with either type of mechanism by
      postulating appropirate abortive complexes. Of the two compulsory sequences that
      have been proposed, one, that in which the order of binding is NADH, NH4+, 2
      oxoglutarate, requires an implausible pattern of abortive complex-formation to
      account for the results. 7. On the basis of a rapid-equilibrium random-order
      mechanism, dissociation constants can be calculated from the Ki values. Where
      these can be compared with independent estimates from the kinetics of the
      uninhibited reaction or from direct measurements of substrate binding, the
      agreement is reasonable good. On balance, therefore, the results provide further
      support for the rapid-equilibrium random-order mechanism under these conditions.

PMID- 175780
TI  - Dogfish M4 lactate dehydrogenase: reversible inactivation by pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate and complete protection in complexes that mimic the active ternary
      complex.
AB  - Dogfish M4 lactate dehydrogenase, like the corresponding pig enzyme, is
      inactivated by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate through modification of a single essential
      lysine residue. The activity is completely protected in the complexes E-NAD+
      oxalate, E-NADH-oxamate and E-(NAD+-pyruvate adduct), but only partially
      protected in E-NAD+, E-NADH, E-NAD+-oxamate and E-NADH-oxalate.

PMID- 175781
TI  - Evidence that phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are synthesized by
      a single enzyme present in the endoplasmic reticulum of castor-bean endosperm.
AB  - Increasing concentrations of CDP-choline progressively inhibit the measured
      incorporation of CDP-[2-14C]ethanolamine into phosphatidylethanolamine catalysed
      by the ethanolaminephosphotransferase present in endoplasmic-reticulum membranes
      isolated from castor-bean endosperm cells. This inhibition parallels that
      observed during CDP-[Me-14C]choline incorporation and suggests that a single
      enzyme utilizes both these substrates.

PMID- 175782
TI  - Evidence of isosteric and allosteric nucleotide inhibition of citrate synthease
      from multiple-inhibition studies.
AB  - Citrate synthases from diverse organisms are inhibited by ATP and NADH. Evidence
      is presented, from multiple-inhibition studies on various citrate synthases, that
      ATP acts in all cases as an isosteric inhibitor at the acetyl-CoA site. On the
      other hand, NADH also acts isosterically with eukaryotic and Gram-positive
      bacterial citrate synthases, but behaves as an allosteric inhibitor specifically
      in the case of the Gram-negative bacterial enzyme. After desensitization to this
      allosteric inhibition, only the isosteric nucleotide inhibition, as found in
      other citrate syntheases, is observed.

PMID- 175783
TI  - Further evidence for the concept of bovine plasma arylesterase as a lipoprotein.
AB  - Purified preparations of bovine plasma arylesterase were obtained by isoelectric
      focusing of enzyme prepared by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation of plasma and
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200. Although the high-density
      lipoprotein fraction (HDL2) of serum provides an alternative source of enzyme,
      the enzymic activity of preparations made from it is much less stable. The
      purified arylesterase preparation has a molecular weight of 440000 and a partial
      specific volume of 0.91 ml/g, properties indistinguishable from those of the less
      highly purified enzyme. Extraction with acetone and ether removes neutral lipids
      from the enzyme, but the resulting lipid-depleted preparation retains most of the
      phospholipid present initially. A partial specific volume of 0.81 ml/g and a
      minimum molecular weight of approx. 100000 were determined for the lipid-depleted
      preparations of arylesterase. The present results support the concept of bovine
      plasma arylesterase as a lipoprotein in its own right, rather than as an enzymic
      polypeptide that is loosely associated with the HDL2 fraction of serum.

PMID- 175784
TI  - Evaluation of equilibrium constants for the interaction of lactate dehydrogenase
      isoenzymes with reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide by affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - Rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase was subjected to frontal affinity
      chromatography on Sepharose-oxamate in the presence of various concentrations of
      NADH and sodium phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 6.8) containing 0.5 M-NaCl. 
      Quantitative interpretation of the results yields an intrinsic association
      constant of 9.0 x 10 (4)M-1 for the interaction of enzyme with NADH at 5 degrees
      C, a value that is confirmed by equilibrium-binding measurements.  In a second
      series of experiments, zonal affinity chromatography of a mouse tissue extract
      under the same conditions was used to evaluate assoication constants of the order
      2 x 10(5)M-1, 3 x 10(5)M-1, 4 x 10(5)M-1, 7 x 10(5)M-1 and 2 x 10(6)M-1 for the
      interaction of NADH with the M4, M3H, M2H2, MH3 and H4 isoenzymes respectively of
      lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 175785
TI  - Purification and properties of a specific collagenase from rabbit synovial
      fibroblasts.
AB  - 1. A specific collagenase from the culture medium of rabbit synovial fibroblasts
      was purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. 2. The enzyme was
      homogenous on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and showed only traces of
      contaminants when tested in gels with a non-specific antiserum. 3. The rabbit
      fibroblast collagenase could hydrolyse collagen both in solution and in fibrillar
      form. Viscometry showed that at 35 degrees C the purified enzyme could hydrolyse
      greater than 50 nmol of collagen/min per mg of enzyme. 4. The purified
      collagenase cleaved collagen in solution at either 24 degrees or 35 degrees C
      into the characteristic 1/4 and 3/4-length fragments. However, as compared with
      the impure enzyme, the purified enzyme at 35 degrees C had a much decreased
      capacity to further degrade the initial specific cleavage products. 5. The
      specific rabbit collagenase had a mol. wt. of approx. 32000 as estimated by
      sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and 35000 by gel
      filtration.

PMID- 175786
TI  - Immunochemical studies with a specific antiserum to rabbit fibroblast
      collagenase.
AB  - 1. Antisera were raised against the collagenase from rabbit synovial fibroblasts
      and characterized by immunoprecipitation and immunoinhibition reactions. 2.
      Immunoglobulins from the antisera were potent inhibitors of the action of rabbit
      collagenase on both reconstituted collagen fibrils and collagen in solution. 3.
      The antibody-binding fragment, Fab', produced by digesting the IgG
      (immunoglobulin G) with pepsin, inhibited collagenase activity just as well as
      whole IgG. 4. A specific antiserum to the rabbit collagenase was raised by a
      multi-step procedure. An initial antiserum was made by injecting partially
      purified collagenase as a complex with sheep alpha2-macroglobulin into a sheep.
      The non-specific antiserum so obtained was used to produce precipitin lines with
      the purified enzyme, and these lines were used as antigen for the production of
      the specific antiserum. 5. An IgG preparation from the specific antiserum was a
      specific and potent inhibitor of the rabbit synovial fibroblast collagenase.
      Neutral metallo-proteinase activity secreted by the rabbit fibroblasts was not
      inhibited by the antibody to the rabbit collagenase. 6. Criteria for
      determination of the specificity of antisera are discussed.

PMID- 175787
TI  - Synthesis of tritium-labelled isopenicillin N, penicillin N and 6
      aminopenicillanic acid.
AB  - 1. Phenoxymethylpenicillin sulphoxide 4-methoxybenzyl ester was labelled with 3H
      in its 2-beta-methyl group. Its specific radioactivity was 362 mCi/mmol. 2.
      Removal of the side chain of this compound yielded the corresponding ester of 6
      aminopenicillanic acid sulphoxide and coupling of the latter with the appropriate
      protected alpha-aminoadipic acid gave 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonylisopenicillin N
      sulphoxide di-4-methoxybenzyl ester or the corresponding derivative of penicillin
      N. 3. Removal of the protective groups by hydrogenolysis and reduction of the
      sulphoxide group yielded 3H-labelled isopenicillin N or penicillin N. 4. 3H
      labelled phenoxymethylpenicillin sulphoxide was obtained by hydrogenolysis from
      its 4-methoxybenzyl ester. Reduction of its sulphoxide group and subsequent
      removal of the side chain gave 3H-labelled 6-aminopenicillanic acid.

PMID- 175788
TI  - Behaviour of tritium-labelled isopenicillin N and 6-aminopenicillanic acid as
      potential penicillin precursors in an extract of Penicillum chrysogenum.
AB  - 1. 3H was incorporated into solvent-soluble penicillin from isopenicillin N and 6
      aminopenicillanic acid 3H-labelled in the 2beta-methyl group when the labelled
      compounds were incubated with a crude extract of Penicillum chrysogenum. 2. With
      a soluble protein fraction of the extract incorporation from isopenicillin N
      occurred on addition of phenyl-acetyl-CoA. 3. Labelled benzylpenicillin was
      isolated after incubation of the crude extract with phenylacetyl-CoA and
      isopenicillin and the addition of unlabelled benzylpenicillin as a carrier. 4. No
      incorporation of 3H into solvent-soluble penicillin was detected on incubation of
      these extracts with penicillin N.

PMID- 175789
TI  - The binding of nicotinamide-adenine dimucleotide to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.
AB  - The binding of NAD+ to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12)
      from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been studied by measurement of protein
      fluorescence quenching. Slight negative co-operativity was observed in the
      binding of the third and fourth coenzyme molecules to the tetrameric enzyme. The
      first two coenzyme molecules were tightly bound. In this respect the enzyme
      resembles that from sturgeon muscle rather than that from yeast.

PMID- 175790
TI  - Isolation of membrane-bound renal kallikrein and kininase.
AB  - Fractions highly enriched in plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum or brush
      border were prepared from homogenized rat kidney cortex. Kallikrein was
      concentrated in the plasma-membrane fraction, but not in the brush border of the
      proximal tubules. Kininase II or angiotensin I-converting enzyme was localized in
      the brush-border membrane. It is suggested that kallikrein in the urine may
      originate from the plasma membrane of the distal tubules and the conversion of
      angiotensin I and the inactivation of bradykinin may occur on the lumen membrane
      of the proximal tubular cells.

PMID- 175792
TI  - Affect of spleen and snake venom phosphodiesterases on nucleotides containing
      nucleosides in the syn conformation.

PMID- 175791
TI  - The EcoRI site of simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid: nucleotide sequences of
      the minus and plus strands.

PMID- 175793
TI  - The 5' sequences of VSV in vitro transcription product RNA (+/-SAM).

PMID- 175794
TI  - Accumulation of cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate in the culture medium of
      growing cells of Escherichia coli.

PMID- 175795
TI  - Preliminary evidence for novel fucose-containing lipids in normal and murine
      sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells.

PMID- 175796
TI  - Phosphoprotein phosphatase activity of the progesterone-induced purple
      glycoprotein of the porcine uterus.

PMID- 175797
TI  - Cyclic AMP inhibits synthesis of prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGG2) in human
      platelets.

PMID- 175798
TI  - A nearby inverted repeat of the terminal sequence of herpes simplex virus DNA.

PMID- 175800
TI  - Effects of intracellular lithium on epinephrine-induced accumulation of cyclic
      AMP in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 175799
TI  - Antiviral and antimetabolic activities of poly (7-deazaadenylic acid) and poly (7
      deazainosinic acid).

PMID- 175801
TI  - The biology and mechanism of steroid hormone receptor interaction with the
      eukaryotic nucleus.

PMID- 175802
TI  - Inhibition of a high molecular weight cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase
      isolated from rat liver.

PMID- 175803
TI  - Recent insights into the pathogenesis of the proliferative lesion in rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 175804
TI  - Crystal shedding and acute pseudogout. An hypothesis based on a therapeutic
      failure.
AB  - Four patients with chondrocalcinosis of the knees volunteered for joint lavage.
      Preliminary experiments indicated that disodium EDTA and magnesium ions were
      potent solubilizers of CPPD crystals. The procedure was a therapeutic failure in
      that insignificant amounts of CPPD were removed and all 4 subjects developed
      postlavage attacks of pseudogout. It is hypothesized that the acute attack of
      pseudogout is a result of crystal shedding and may be triggered by any factor
      that enhances CPPD solubility.

PMID- 175805
TI  - Electrolytical labeling of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 175806
TI  - [Studies on the distribution on the values of erythrocytic angiotensinase
      activity in the context of ABO and Rh systems].

PMID- 175807
TI  - [Biological rhythm of urinary excretion of cyclic AMP in humans].

PMID- 175808
TI  - [Effect of venous infusion of cortisol on the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP in
      humans].

PMID- 175809
TI  - [Different ultrastructural models of adenovirus aggregation: their value in
      virological diagnosis].

PMID- 175810
TI  - ["Filtering" of deep impulses of different origin by cortico-callosal
      projections].

PMID- 175811
TI  - [Study of pyridine nucleotides in ocular tissues. I. Concentration of NAD and
      NADH in the crystalline lens of various animals].

PMID- 175812
TI  - Decontamination of anaesthetic equipment and ventilators.

PMID- 175814
TI  - Significance of arming, potentiating and blocking factors as correlates the
      tumour-host interaction in the hamster SV40 system.
AB  - The study of blocking factors requires in vitro assay of cell mediated immunity
      that parallels the in vivo response. By microcytotoxicity testing, progressor and
      immune peripheral blood lymphocytes caused significant target cell reduction. The
      cytotoxicity was specific as no cytotoxic effect was detected against unrelated
      normal as well as a malignant target cell lines. No anti-tumour effect was noted
      when progressor peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated in the Winn assay. In
      marked contrast, immune peripheral blood lymphocytes were capable of preventing
      tumour growth in the Winn assay. Furthermore, hamsters repeatedly immunized with
      irradiated SV40 tumour cells could resist a live cell challenge. Thus immune
      peripheral blood lymphocytes were chosen as the effector population to evaluate
      the abrogation ability of serum in the microcytotoxicity assay.

PMID- 175813
TI  - Studies on FeSV induced sarcomata in sheep with particular reference to the
      regional lymphatic system.
AB  - Inocula of cultured sheep cells that had been transformed with FeSV were injected
      into the legs of sheep so that the changes in the cellular and humoral
      composition of the efferent lymph from the regional node could be studied
      throughout the immune responses. The times at which immunoblasts and specific
      antibodies appeared in the lymph were similar to those recorded during responses
      to conventional antigens. The antiboides were mainly 7S, G1 immunoglobulins
      directed against virion antigens on the membranes of the transformed cells.

PMID- 175815
TI  - The lack of association of theta status and murine leukaemia virus content in the
      AKR.
AB  - Two AKR sublines appear atypical in possessing theta C3H. One of these two
      sublines - AKR/FuA - is notably resistant to lymphomata and is also characterized
      by reduced levels of the group specific murine leukaemia viral (MuLV) antigen.
      This suggested a possible association between theta status tumour susceptibility
      and viral content. Results here show no reduction in viral antigen titres in the
      other theta C3H tumour susceptible subline AKR/Cum, thus eliminating the possible
      association of theta status with the extent of MuLV replication.

PMID- 175816
TI  - Cytoplasmic receptor levels and glucocorticoid response in human lymphoblastoid
      cell lines.
AB  - The cytolethal response to treatment with prednisolone was investigated in vitro
      in eight human lymphoblastoid cell lines containing varying concentrations of
      specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors. A similar response was observed in
      seven of the lines irrespective of their concentration of cytoplasmic receptors
      and pharmacological doses of steroid, well above those required to saturate
      receptors in cell-free extracts, were required for a massive lethal response. One
      cell line derived from Burkitt's lymphoma was refractory to lethal effects even
      with pharmacological doses of steroid. A similar unresponsiveness to the
      cytolethal effect of prednisolone in vitro was observed in fresh lymphoblasts
      derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia despite evidence of a
      satisfactory clinical response to therapy which included steroid. The resistance
      of human lymphoblastoid cells to treatment with glucocorticoids in vitro may
      result from a defect in activation subsequent to the binding of steroid to
      cytoplasmic receptors.

PMID- 175817
TI  - Unusually high incidence of spontaneous mammary carcinomata in a colony of BALB/c
      mice.

PMID- 175818
TI  - Plasma vitamin A in patients with bronchial carcinoma.

PMID- 175819
TI  - Plasma membrane associated enzymes of mammary tumours as the biochemical
      indicators of metastasizing capacity. Analyses of enriched plasma membrane
      preparations.
AB  - Plasma membranes from 6 spontaneously metastasizing and 4 non-metastasizing rat
      mammary carcinomata were isolated by discontinuous sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation of microsomal pellets. The starting microsomal fraction contained
      40-50% plasma membranes as determined by the levels of 5'-nucleotidase activity,
      with a negligible amount of nuclear (1%), mitochondrial (5%) and lysomal (7%)
      contamination. Five distinct fractions (F1-F5) were banded at densities 1 X 09, 1
      X 13, 1 X 15, 1 X 17 and 1 X 21 at 25 degrees C, in addition to a pellet (F6)
      obtained by centrifuging at 76,000 g for 17 h. The fractions F1 through F5, all
      contained various concentrations of membranous structures, while the pellet (F6)
      contained only amorphous materials as evidenced by electron microscopy. The F3
      fraction at the gradient 1 X 15 had the highest specific as well as total
      activity of the plasma membrane marker enzyme, with aggregates of the least
      contaminated plasma membranes in vesicular forms. This fraction also had the
      lowest specific activity for glucose-6-phosphatase (smooth ER marker) and for
      beta-D-glucuronidase (lysomal marker), and therefore was considered to be the
      "cleanest" plasma membrane fraction. When the activity of 4 additional plasma
      membrane marker enzymes, i.e., alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase I,
      nucleotide pyrophosphatase and alkaline ribonuclease was determined in the same
      F3 fraction, their levels were significantly lower in every metastasizing tumour
      than in the non-metastasizing ones, with the enzyme activity decreasing in direct
      proportion to the metastasizing capacity. On the other hand, the marker enzymes
      were high in all non-metastasizing tumours, with the activity seemingly
      increasing with the immunogenicity of tumour cells. There was no significant
      difference between the 2 groups of mammary tumours in the levels of sialic acid,
      hexosamine, phospholipid or cholesterol in the plasma membranes. Thus, the level
      of plasma membrane marker enzymes is considered an accurate indicator for
      metastasizing capacity in the rat mammary tumour system.

PMID- 175821
TI  - The succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase activities of guinea-pig skin
      after mild heat damage.
AB  - Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase activities of guinea-pig ear skin
      were found to be less sensitive than oxygen uptake to mild heat damage. It
      therefore appears that the failure of oxygen uptake following thermal injury is
      not directly due to inactivation of the enzymes of the respiratory chain.

PMID- 175822
TI  - Platelet dysfunction in vincristine treated patients.
AB  - Recent revival of interest in the use of vincristine (VCR) for the treatment of
      idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura prompted us to evaluate the platelet function
      of our patients on VCR. Eighteen patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
      (ALL) in remission, and nine children with solid tumours were studied on 80
      occasions at different time intervals after their last VCR dose. A mildly
      elevated threshold for epinephrine-induced second phase aggregation and a delay
      in the onset of collagen-induced aggregation was found in patients with ALL not
      on VCR. Vincristine induced unobtainable second phase aggregation to epinephrine
      in 67%, 38%, 30% and to ADP in 53%, 13%, 33% of the patients 1 week, 2-3 weeks
      and 4 weeks respectively after administration. The thrombocytopathy was relative,
      not absolute, since collagen induced aggregation at all times. Platelet counts,
      uptake and release of serotonin, bleeding times, clot retractions and release of
      platelet factor 3 were normal. Platelet adhesion was abnormal in five of 12
      patients tested. In vitro platelets are a hundred-fold less sensitive to VCR than
      in vivo. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine monophosphate and
      dimethylsulfoxide do not protect platelets from VCR. The exact mechanism by which
      VCR abolishes second phase aggregation in patients is uncertain. Because of VCR's
      narrow therapeutic index between thrombocytopenia and thrombocythaemia, the use
      of VCR should be reserved for life-threatening haematologic disorders when
      treating non-malignant conditions.

PMID- 175823
TI  - Isolation of viral specific RNA from SV40 infected cells by viral DNA chemically
      linked to a cellulose matrix.
AB  - SV40 DNA fragments chemically attached to neutral cellulose powder with a water
      soluble carbodiimide have been used to isolate late lytic viral specific RNA from
      virus infected cells. Exhaustive hybridization to SV40 DNA reveals that virtually
      all of the isolated RNA molecules contain SV40 specific sequences. Comparison
      with SV40 cRNA prepared with purified Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and a SV40
      DNA I template suggests that the purity of the isolated SV40 specific RNA is very
      close to 100%. The background level for the nonspecific binding of RNA to a
      purified cellulose matrix is very low. Retention of nonspecific RNA by SV40 DNA
      cellulose is only 1.5% of the viral specific RNA isolated under saturating
      conditions for the column. Sedimentation in neutral sucrose suggests that the
      major 16S viral specific RNA has been isolated largely intact.

PMID- 175820
TI  - Lowering of innate resistance of the lungs to the growth of blood-borne cancer
      cells in states of topical and systemic stress.
AB  - The survival and clonogenic growth (measured in terms of colony forming
      efficiency (CFE) of intravenously injected (i.v.) Walker (W256) tumour cells in
      the lungs of rats was greatly enhanced by states of topical and systemic stress
      induced by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of rats with a single dose of 10(
      5)-10(-3) mmol g-1 body weight of adrenaline and other beta-adrenergic agonists,
      inflammatory agents (including local x-irradiation), convulsive seizures,
      "tumbling" or physical restraint. Lowering of innate resistance of the host to
      growth of seeded tumour cells induced by states of topical and systemic stress,
      and by the addition of an excess of lethally irradiated (LI) tumour cells to i.v.
      injected intact tumour cells, were all potentiated by treatment of rats with
      aminophylline, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Enhancement of
      tumour growth by systemic stress was inhibited by bilateral total or medullary
      adrenalectomy and is attributed to the release and actions of endogenous adreno
      medullary hormones. Alpha-adrenergic and most non-adrenergic agents administered
      in maximum tolerated doses did not significantly affect host resistance to tumour
      growth in the lungs. These findings, correlated with measurements of cyclic AMP
      in the lungs of normal and stressed rats, suggest that changes in the resistance
      of the host to tumour growth involve changes in cyclic nucleotide metabolism in
      the target tissues (tumour bed); possible mechanisms of action of cyclic
      nucleotides in this respect are discussed.

PMID- 175824
TI  - Circular dichroism and ethidium bromide binding capacity of chromatin from cells
      temperature sensitive for the transformed phenotype.
AB  - Clone H6-15/163 is a clone of cells, originally derived from SV-40 transformed
      3T3 cells, which express the transformed phenotype at low (32 degrees C) but not
      at high (39 degrees C) temperature. Chromatin was isolated from these cells grown
      at either temperature and studied by circular dichroism and for its ability to
      bind the intercalating dye, ethidium bromide. During the exponential phase of
      growth the chromatins of cells grown at either 32 or 39 degrees C are
      undistinguishable. Cessation of growth in confluent cultures results in marked
      changes in circular dichroism spectra and in ethidium bromide binding capacity of
      chromatin. The changes are much are much more pronounced at 39 degrees C (where
      the cells truly become quiescent) than at 32 degrees C (where cell proliferation
      continues although the number of cells per culture remains stationary).
      Temperature shifts and medium replacement also cause changes in chromatin
      structure, but the changes are again related to the extent of cell proliferation.
      It is concluded that the chromatin changes occurring in H6-15/163 cells and
      detectable by circular dichroism and ethidium bromide binding can be related to
      the proliferating activity of the cultured cells rather than to the expression of
      the transformed or untransformed phenotype.

PMID- 175825
TI  - A ribosome-independent, soluble stringent factor-like enzyme isolated from a
      Bacillus brevis.
AB  - A ribosome-independent synthesis of guanosine 5',3'-polyphosphates has been found
      in the soluble fraction of Bacillus brevis (ATCC 8185) extracts. The partially
      purified enzyme catalyzes the formation of both guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'
      diphosphate and guanosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-diphosphate, does not require 20%
      methanol to stimulate the rate of reaction, and is not stimulated by complexing
      with ribosomes of either Escherichia coli or B. brevis. The B. brevis enzyme
      system is not inhibited by RNase A or thiostrepton, and is only slightly
      inhibited by tetracycline. The pyrophosphoryl donor specificity of the B. brevis
      enzyme is similar to that of the E. coli ribosome-stringent factor system.

PMID- 175826
TI  - A comparison of ribosomal proteins from rabbit reticulocytes phosphorylated in
      situ and in vitro.
AB  - A comparison has been made between the ribosomal proteins phosphorylated in
      intact cells and proteins isolated from ribosomal subunits after modification in
      vitro by purified protein kinases and [gamma-32P]ATP. When intact reticulocytes
      were incubated for 2 h in a nutritional medium containing radioactive inorganic
      phosphate, one phosphorylated protein was identified as a 40S ribosomal component
      using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by
      electrophoresis in a third step containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. This protein,
      containing 99% of the total radioactivity associated with ribosomal proteins as
      observed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, is found in a nonphosphorylated form
      in addition to several phosphorylated states. These states differ by the number
      of phosphoryl group attached to the protein. The same 40S protein is modified in
      vitro by the three cAMP-regulated protein kinases from rabbit reticulocytes. Two
      additional proteins associated with the 40S subunit are phosphorylated in situ.
      These proteins migrate as a symmetrical doublet, and contain less than 1% of the
      radioactive phosphate in the 40S subunit. A number of phosphorylated proteins
      associated with 60S subunits are observed by disc gel electrophoresis after
      incubation of whole cells with labeled phosphate. These proteins do not migrate
      with previously identified ribosomal proteins and are not present in sufficient
      amounts to be identified as ribosomal structural proteins. Proteins in the large
      subunit are modified in vitro by cAMP-regulated protein kinases and ATP, and
      these modified proteins migrate with known ribosomal proteins. However, this
      phosphorylation has not been shown to occur in intact cells.

PMID- 175827
TI  - The oxidation of phenylhydrazine: superoxide and mechanism.
AB  - The oxidation of phenylhydrazine in buffered aqueous solutions is a complex
      process involving several intermediates. It can be initiated by metal cations,
      such as Cu2+; in which case EDTA acts as an inhibitor. It can also be intiated by
      oxyhemoglobin; in which case chelating agents do not interfere. Superoxide
      radical is both a product of this reaction and a chain propagator. The formation
      of O2- could be demonstrated in terms of a reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium,
      which was prevented by superoxide dismutase. The importance of O2- in carrying
      the reaction chains was shown by the inhibition of phenylhydrazine oxidation by
      superoxide dismutase. Hydrogen peroxide accumulated during the reaction and could
      be detected with catalase. The progress of this oxidation could be monitored in
      terms of oxygen consumption and by following increases in absorbance at 280 or
      320 nm. The oxidation was markedly autocatalytic and superoxide dismutase had the
      effect of extending the lag period. The absorbance at 280 nm was due to  an
      intermediate which first accumulated and was then consumed. This intermediate
      appears to be benzendiazonium ion. The absorbance at 320 nm was due to a stable
      product, which was not identified. The time course of oxygen consumption
      paralleled the increase in absorbance at 320 nm and lagged behind the changes at
      280 nm. Exogenous benzenediazonium ion accelerated the oxidation of
      phenylhydrazine and eliminated the lag phase. Benzenediazonium ion must therefore
      react with phenylhydrazine to produce a very reactive intermediate, possibly
      phenyldiazene. A mechanism was proposed which is consistent with the data. The
      intermediates and products of the oxidation of phenylhydrazine include superoxide
      radical, hydrogen peroxide, phenylhydrazyl radical, phenyldiazene, and
      benzenediazonium ion. This is a minimal list: others remain to be detected and
      identified. It appears likely that the diverse biological effects of
      phenylhydrazine are largely due to the reactivities of these intermediates and
      products.

PMID- 175828
TI  - Iodination of DNA. Studies of the reaction and iodination of papovavirus DNA.
AB  - Iodination of DNA by the reaction originally described by S. L. Commerford
      ((1971), Biochemistry 10, 1993) is extremely sensitive to the secondary structure
      of the DNA. Cytidines in denatured simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA react at a slightly
      slower rate than free cytidine monophosphate; hydrogen-bonded cytidines in SV40
      form I DNA are iodinated considerably more slowly; elimination of the negative
      supercoils in form I DNA by conversion to form II or form III reduces reactivity
      even further. The residual reactivity of form II or form III duplex DNA is not
      due to preferential iodination of unpaired cytidines near phosphodiester bond
      breaks; rather iodination occurs throughout the molecule. Cytidine monophosphate
      has been used as a model for DNA, to enable spectral measurements of its reaction
      with iodine and T1C13. At temperatures above 42 degrees C and at pH 5.0,
      formation of 5-iodocytidine is limited by the rate of formation of an
      intermediate, probably 5-iodo-6-hydroxydihydrocytidine. At lower temperatures,
      the conversion of intermediate to product is rate limiting, but can be
      accelerated by lowering the pH. By appropriate adjustment of pH, or temperature,
      the formation of intermediate or its conversion to product can be accelerated.
      Iodination destabilizes the DNA duplex. Iodocytosines in SV40 DNA are
      preferentially removed by S1 nuclease. Heavily iodinated DNA does not reassociate
      normally, but DNA with only 5-10% of its cytosines iodinated appears to
      reassociate with normal kinetics, if duplex formation is measured by
      hydroxylapatite chromatography. Conditions are described to permit preparation of
      DNA, which reassociates normally, having a specific activity of 10(8) cpm/mug.

PMID- 175829
TI  - Prenyltransferase: the mechanism of the reaction.
AB  - The enzyme, prenyltransferase, which normally catalyzes the addition of an
      allylic pyrophosphate to isopentenyl pyrophosphate, has been found to catalyze
      the hydrolysis of its allylic substrate. The rate of this hydrolysis is markedly
      stimulated by inorganic pyrophosphate. Competition experiments with 2
      fluoroisopentenyl pyrophosphate and inorganic pyrophosphate demonstrated that
      inorganic pyrophosphate stimulated hydrolysis by binding at the isopentenyl
      pyrophosphate site. Hydrolysis carried out in H218O or with (1S)-[1-3H]geranyl
      pyrophosphate show the C-O bond is broken and the C1 carbon of geranyl
      pyrophosphate is inverted in the process. These results are interpreted to favor
      a carbonium ion mechanism for the prenyltransferase reaction.

PMID- 175830
TI  - Subunit structure of human erythrocyte glycophorin A.
AB  - Glycophorin A is a sialoglycoprotein isolated from human erythrocyte membranes
      which seems to exist as stable dimeric complexes in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. When analyzed by dodecyl sulfate acrylamide electrophoresis this
      molecule forms two PAS-stainable bands (PAS-U and PAS-2) which are reversibly
      interconvertible. This change in electrophoretic mobility is dependent on the
      concentration of dodecyl sulfate, the use of Trisbuffer systems, the protein
      concentration in the incubation mixture, and the duration and temperature of
      incubation before electrophoresis. Reducing agents do no influence the results.
      Chromatography of the sialoglycopeptides on Sepharose columns in dodecyl sulfate
      before and after heat treatment gave similar results. A small hydrophobic peptide
      (T-6) derived from glycophorin A was able to prevent reassociation of the
      monomeric subunits back to the higher molecular weight form. This peptide was
      able to bind to the subunit of glycophorin A, but not to the high molecular
      weight complex. These results are consistent with a model of glycophorin A
      composed of two subunits which can dissociate and reassociate in the presence of
      detergents. These subunits may interact via the hydrophobic portions of the
      polypeptide chains.

PMID- 175831
TI  - Studies on human serum high-density lipoproteins. Self-association of human serum
      apolipoprotein A-II in aqueous solutions.
AB  - Some of the solution properties of pure preparations of human serum high-density
      apolipoprotein A-II were studied by sedimentation equilibrium
      ultracentrifugation, conducted at different apoprotein concentrations and at
      several speeds. The concentration dependence of the apparent weight average
      molecular weight indicated that apolipoprotein A-II, when dissolved in 0.02 MEDTA
      (pH 8.6), undergoes self-association. Over a protein concentration range between
      0.8 and 1.5 mg/ml, the self-association could best be described by a monomer
      dimer-trimer step association, although indefinite self-association could not be
      ruled out. The equilibrium constants obtained were sufficient to describe the
      system over the concentration range investigated.

PMID- 175832
TI  - Phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis in Bacillus licheniformis Resolution of
      membrane-bound enzymes by affinity chromatography on cytidinediphospho-sn-1,2
      diacylglycerol Sepharose.
AB  - Cytidinediphospho-sn-1,2-diaclglycerol (CDP-diglyceride) has been covalently
      linked to Sephrose 4B via adipic acid dihydrazide spacer arm forming an effective
      affinity chromatography column.  This liponucleo-tide ligand and sn-glycero-3
      phosphate are subtracts for the formation of 3-sn-phoshatidyl-1'-sn-glycero-3'
      phosphate (PGP) catalyzed in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms by sn
      glycero-3-phosphate:  CMP phosphatidlytranferase (PGP synthetase).  Using this
      CDP-diglyceride Sephrose affinity column we were able to resolve the membrane
      associated 3-sn-phosphatidyl'1-sn-glycerol (PG) synthesizing system present in
      Bacillus licheniformis into two activities.  A PGP synthetase activity was
      adsorbed to the affinity column and was eluted using buffer containg CDP
      diglyceride; a PGP phosphatease acactivity had no affinity for the column.  Both
      PGP synthase and PGP phosphatase of B.  licheniformis were associated with a
      membrane component of the cell as evidenced by sucrose gradient centrifugation,
      differential centrifugation, and solubilization by buffers containing
      detergent...

PMID- 175833
TI  - Multiple forms of oviduct progesterone receptors analyzed by ion exchange
      filtration and gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Resolution of the multiple forms of steroid receptors in small samples has been
      improved by two new techniques: preparative ion exchange filtration and
      electrophoresis in highly cross-linked polyacrylamide gels of varied
      concentration. These techniques were used in conjunction with protamine
      precipitation, gel filtration, and density gradient centrifugation to separate
      five forms of the progesterone receptor of chick oviduct cytosol. These
      complexes, numbered I to V in order of elution from agarose gel columns, have
      been characterized with respect to apparent molecular weight, shape, and relative
      net charge. Form I, which is eluted in the void volume after gel filtration of
      cytosol in hypotonic media, is heterodisperse with respect to sedimentation
      coefficient and electrophoretic mobility (Rf). Form I is converted to form III by
      KC1. Form II has the highest axial ratio and the highest Rf at pH 10.2. This 4.2S
      complex can be extracted from DEAE filters, but not from protamine-precipitated
      cytosol, by 0.3 to 0.5 M KC1. Form III is slightly smaller (3.9S) and less
      asymmetric than form II. It is relased from DEAE filters and protamine
      precipitated cytosol by 0.15 M KC1 and displays increased Rf upon purification.
      Forms II and III correspond to the B and A components described by W. T. Schrader
      and B. W. O'Malley ((1972), J. Biol. Chem 247, 51). Form IV may result from the
      proteolytic cleavage of forms II and/or III. Form V is a globular polypeptide
      obtained in the presence of certain divalent cations. This complex has been named
      the "mero-receptor" since it is the smallest part or fragment of the receptor
      that contains the steroid-binding site.

PMID- 175834
TI  - Changes in poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) and poly(adenosine diphosphate
      ribose) polymerase in synchronous HeLa cells.
AB  - An antibody has been prepared which is highly specific for poly(adenosine
      diphosphate-ribose). Neither poly(A), DNA, nor a variety of adenine-containing
      nucleosides or nucleotides were effective in competing with poly(ADP-ribose) for
      binding to the antibody. Of all compounds tested, only adenosine diphosphate
      ribose competed for binding to the antibody. Unlabeled poly(adenosine diphosphate
      ribose) was about 10 000 times more effective in competing with labeled polymer
      for antibody binding than was adenosine diphosphate-ribose. Using the antibody,
      the amount of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) was found to increase from early
      S phase to a peak at mid S with a second, even larger increase seen at the S-G2
      transition point in synchronously dividing HeLa cells. Pulse labeling of the
      polymer with [2-3H]adenosine was also maximal at the same time points. Changes in
      the levels of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase activity measured in
      isolated nuclei coincided with the changes in amounts of polymer present in
      intact cells during progression from S phase into G2.

PMID- 175835
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma - a human tumor model system for immunological studies.
AB  - Burkitt's lymphoma occurs mainly in parts of tropical Africa and has attracted
      the attention of experimental workers due to its epidemiological and clinical
      features, which indicate a viral etiology and a host immune response to the
      tumor. As a result of virological studies, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA has been
      demonstrated in almost all tested biopsies of African BL. This contrasts to the
      absence of EBV in all, or almost all, of the non-African Burkitt's lymphoma-like
      tumors, even though the number of tested tumors in this group is small, and to
      the lack of EBV in all other types of lymphoma or leukemia. Immunological studies
      have revealed the presence of antibodies to different EBV-associated antigens in
      all African patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. However the antibodies are not
      specific for Burkitt's lymphoma but are found in most adults all over the world,
      although at lower levels. They cannot therefore serve diagnostic purposes, but
      they can give prognostic information and occasionally give clues to the
      mechanisms behind late tumor recurrences, and possibly guide so-called
      immunotherapy. Burkitt's lymphoma patients contrast to appropriate control groups
      where some of the persons are anti-EBV seronegative, and this, together with the
      presence of EBV in Burkitt's lymphoma biopsies and the absence of EBV in other
      lymphomas, even though the cell type involved may be infectable by EBV in vitro
      and the tumor may arise in an EBV-carrying person, favors an etiological role in
      EBV in Burkitt's lymphoma and speaks against the "passenger" hypothesis,
      according to which EBV is picked up by the Burkitt's lymphoma cell which happens
      to be particularly suitable for EBV persistence. To explain the geographical
      distribution, a cofactor, such as certain forms of malaria, has been implied.

PMID- 175836
TI  - Apoproteins of human serum high density lipoproteins. Isolation and
      characterization of the peptides of Sephadex fraction V from normal subjects and
      patients with abeta-lipoproteinemia.
AB  - 1. Sephadex fraction V, obtained from human serum high density lipoprotein
      apoprotein (HDL apoprotein) of normal subjects and of patients with
      abetalipoproteinemia, was resolved by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column
      chromatography into several fractions which were defined in terms of amino acid
      composition, NH2- and COOH-terminsls, sialic acid content, immunologic and
      electrophoretic properties, and in vitro activation of purified lipoprotein
      lipase from rat adipose tissue. 2. Fraction V of HDL apoprotein of both normal
      and abetalipoproteinemic subjects was found to contain polypeptides corresponding
      to apolipoproteins C-I, C-II, C-III-1, and C-III-2, which had been described
      previously in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). The content of apo C-III-1 in
      abetalipoproteinemia-HDL was very low, whereas the percentage, by weight, of apo
      C-I was about twice as high as that in the normal subjects studied. Furthermore,
      both normal and abetalipoproteinemia-HDL apoprotein contained a previously
      unreported peptide which had a molecular weight of about 7 000 and
      electrophoretic, chemical, and immunological properties distinct from those of
      the known C apolipoproteins. Of all of the peptides comprising fraction V, only
      apo C-II activated a purified preparation of rat adipose tissue lipoprotein
      lipase. This was the case for both normal and abetalipoproteinemic subjects.

PMID- 175837
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the major apolipoprotein from chicken high
      density lipoproteins.
AB  - High density lipoproteins were isolated from plasma of white Leghorn hens by
      ultracentrifugal flotation between densities 1.063 and 1.210 g/ml. After
      delipidation, the lipid-free proteins were fractionated by chromatography on
      Sephadex G-150 in urea; one major apolipoprotein was isolated and characterized.
      From its chemical, physical and immunochemical properties, the major apoprotein
      from hen high-density lipoproteins has characteristics similar to the major
      apoprotein of human high density lipoproteins, apoA-I. Thus the hen protein has
      been designated hen apoA-I. Hen apoA-I has a molecular weight of approximately 28
      000 as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. Its calculated molecular weight from its 234 constituent amino acids is
      26 674. Hen apoA-I differed from its human counterpart by containing isoleucine.
      Treatment of hen apoA-I with carboxypeptidase A yielded a COOH-terminal sequence
      of Leu-Val-Ala-Gln. Automatic Edman degradation of the apoprotein gave an NH2
      terminal sequence of Asp-Glu-Pro-Gln-Pro-Glu-Leu. Hen apoA-I had a circular
      dichroic spectrum typical of alpha-helical structures; the calculated helicity
      was 90%. Goat antisera prepared to hen apoA-I formed precipitin lines of complete
      identity to the hen apoprotein but lines of only partial identity to human apoA
      I. These studies show that the major apoprotein from hen and human high-density
      lipoproteins have similar properties to each other suggesting a common
      physiologic function.

PMID- 175838
TI  - Rabbit alveolar macrophage collagenase: evidence of polymeric forms.
AB  - Collagenase harvested in vitro from rabbit alveolar macrophages eluted in gel
      chromatography corresponding to apparent molecular weights of 45 000, 85 000, and
      165 000. Reversible changes from one molecular weight to another in low salt
      concentration and predominance of the 45 000 species in salt concentrations above
      1.0 M (NaCl, KCl) suggest that the higher molecular weights represent polymeric
      forms of collagenase.

PMID- 175839
TI  - Change in ATP-pyrophosphohydrolase activity during spherule formation of Physarum
      polycephalum.
AB  - The activity of Ca2+-dependent ATP pyrophosphohydrolase was found to fluctuate
      during spherule formation of the acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum under
      starving incubation. The enzyme activity increased up to 16-fold at the 3rd day
      of the starvation, then decreased drastically to less than its original level.
      Column chromatography of the enzyme preparation suggested that the increase in
      the activity was due to de novo synthesis of a new isozyme. Cycloheximide
      inhibited the synthesis. The two isozymes were different in their Ca2+
      sensitivity, the new one being less sensitive.

PMID- 175840
TI  - Effect of prostaglandin E on the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system and
      gluconeogenesis in rat renal cortical slices.
AB  - Prostaglandin E was found to increase the formation of cyclic acdenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) by renal cortical slices. This increased release of
      cyclic AMP was not influenced by the absence of Ca2+ in the incubating media. The
      enhanced production of cyclic AMP was probably mediated by stimulation of
      membrane-bound adenylate cyclase activity. An increase in adenyl cyclase activity
      was observed with increasing concentrations of prostaglandin E. Furthermore,
      prostaglandin E augmented glucose production from alpha-ketoglutarate. This
      effect on gluconeogenesis was abolished by the removal of Ca2+ from the
      incubating medium. These effects are similar to those described for parathyroid
      hormone and suggest that the renal cortex is a prostaglandin-dependent system.
      Prostaglandin E decreased cyclic AMP production and glucose production (from
      alpha-ketoglutarate) in response to submaximal doses of parathyroid hormone,
      suggesting that prostaglandin may be important in modulating the intracelluar
      action of parathyroid hormone in the kidney cortex.

PMID- 175841
TI  - Localization of cell groups sensitive to parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in
      rat skeletal tissue.
AB  - The level of cyclic AMP in various fractions of rat skeletal tissue was measured
      after in vitro or in vivo administration of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
      Incubations of bone fractions prepared from young (5 weeks of age
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats revealed that both parathyroid hormone and
      calcitonin increased the cyclic AMP level in fractions of epiphysis, metaphysis
      and marrow cells. Cyclic AMP accumulation in incubated perisoteum and diaphysis
      were induced solely by parathyroid hormone. In in vivo experiments the cyclic AMP
      level in the tibia of the thyroparathyroidectomized rat was increased by infusion
      of either parathyroid hormone or calcitonin, and the simultaneous administration
      of each maximally effective dose of the two hormones exhibited an additive
      effect. Within 2 min, parathyroid hormone infusion caused an elevation of cyclic
      AMP content in periosteum and metaphysis. Rapid increase of cyclic AMP in the
      metaphysis was also induced by calcitonin, and the effect of the two hormones on
      cyclic AMP accumulation in this fraction was additive. Small but significant
      increase of cyclic AMP in the diaphysis was detected at 5 min after the
      administration of parathyroid hormone. Calcitonin infusion did not show any
      consistent effects on periosteum and diaphysis.

PMID- 175842
TI  - Dietary and hormonal regulation of some enzyme activities associated with
      gluconeogenesis in rabbit liver.
AB  - 1. Starvation increases the activity of cytosolic P-enolpyruvate carboxkinase in
      rabbit liver some 4-5 fold but does not alter the activities of mitochondrial P
      enolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase or glucose-6
      phosphatase.2. Alloxan-induced diabetes increases the activities of cytosolic P
      enolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase
      approx. 6-, 2- and 2-fold, respectively. Again the activity of mitochondrial P
      enolpyruvate carboxykinase is not altered. 3. Administration of mannoheptulose
      rapidly increases blood glucose levels and also causes a significant increase in
      cytosolic P-enolpyruvate carboyxkinase activity within 4 h. The activities of
      mitochondrial P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase and
      glucose-6-phosphatase are not affected. 4. Administration of hydrocortisone also
      increases blood glucose levels and the activities of cytosolic P-enolpyruvate
      carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase are significantly increased within 12h.
      Again, mitochondrial P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase
      activities remain unaffected. 5. The observations that (A) the activity of
      cytosolic P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase responds to more situations conducive to
      gluconeogenesis than do the activities of mitochondrial P-enolpyruvate
      carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase, and (B)
      cytosolic P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase activity is rapidly adaptive under
      appropriate circumstances, suggests that this particular enzyme's activity plays
      an important role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis in rabbits.

PMID- 175843
TI  - Regulation by insulin of gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Insulin (10nM) completely suppressed the stimulation of gluconeogenesis from 2 mM
      lactate by low concentrations of glucagon (less than or equal to 0.1 nM) or
      cyclic AMP (less than or equal to 10 muM), but it had no effect on the basal rate
      of gluconeogenesis in hepatocyctes from fed rats. The effectiveness of insulin
      diminished as the concentration of these agonists increased, but insulin was able
      to suppress by 40% the stimulation by a maximally effective concentration of
      epinephrine (1 muM). The response to glucagon, epinephrine, or insulin was not
      dependent upon protein synthesis as cycloheximide did not alter their effects.
      Insulin also suppressed the stimulation by isoproterenol of cyclic GMP. These
      data are the first demonstration of insulin antagonism to the stimulation of
      gluconeogenesis by catecholamines. Insulin reduced cyclic AMP levels which had
      been elevated by low concentrations of glucagon or by 1 muM epinephrine. This
      supports the hypothesis that the action of insulin to inhibit gluconeogenesis is
      mediated by the lowering of cyclic AMP levels. However, evidence is presented
      which indicates that insulin is able to suppress the stimulation of
      gluconeogenesis by glucagon or epinephrine under conditions where either the
      agonists or insulin had no measurable effect on cyclic AMP levels. Insulin
      reduced the glucagon stimulation of gluconeogenesis whether or not extracellular
      Ca2+ were present, even though insulin only lowered cyclic AMP levels in their
      presence. Insulin also reduced the stimulation by epinephrine plus propranolol
      where no significant changes in cyclic AMP were observed without or with insulin.
      In addition, insulin suppressed gluconeogenesis in cells that had been
      preincubated with epinephrine for 20 min, even though the cyclic AMP levels had
      returned to near basal values and were unaffected by insulin. Thus insulin may
      not need to lower cyclic AMP levels in order to suppress gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 175844
TI  - Effect of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate derivatives on alpha-amylase
      release, protein kinase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity from rat
      parotid tissue.
AB  - Several 8-substituted derivatives of cyclic AMP were tested for their effects on
      alpha-amylase release. None of the 8-substituted compounds were more active than
      N6,O2-dibutyryl- or N6-monobutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in causing alpha
      amylase release. The rat parotid was found to contain a high (105 muM) and a low
      (1.15 muM) Km cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity. All of the 8-substituted
      cyclic AMP compounds inhibited the hydrolysis of 1 muM cyclic AMP. However, there
      was only a partial correlation between the ability to cause alpha-amylase release
      and inhibit cyclic AMP hydrolysis. Extracts of parotid tissue contained a cyclic
      AMP-dependent protein kinase activity. None of the compounds were as effective as
      cyclic AMP in activating the protein kinase. As in the case of inhibition of
      cyclic AMP hydrolysis, the ability of the 8-substituted cyclic AMP compounds to
      increase protein kinase activity did not correlate with their effects on alpha
      amylase release. It is concluded that factors in addition to the in vitro
      inhibition of cyclic AMP hydrolysis and activation of protein kinase are
      important in determining the net result of the 8-substituted cyclic AMP compounds
      on parotid gland function. These additional factors might include differences in
      the rate of uptake and differences in rats of conversion to compounds with
      modified activity.

PMID- 175845
TI  - Variations in levels of glycolytic intermediates in human platelets during
      platelet-collagen interaction.

PMID- 175846
TI  - An EPR study of myeloperoxidase in human granulocytes.
AB  - 1. EPR spectra of human granulocytes (4 - 10(8) cells per ml) show an intense
      high-spin ferric heme signal with rhombic symmetry (gx = 6.90 and gy = 5.07) for
      the heme group. These g-values are identical to those of partially purified
      myeloperoxidase and thus the signal is derived from ferric myeloperoxidase. In
      chicken granulocytes, which contain little or no myeloperoxidase, only an axial
      type of heme iron signal, weak in intensity, can be detected at g = 6.0. 2. Upon
      phagocytosis of latex particles by human granulocytes the high-spin heme signal
      with rhombic symmetry is slowly converted into a signal with axial symmetry (gx =
      gy = 6.0), showing that the EPR signals of myeloperoxidase in the intact cell can
      be used to study the involvement of the enzyme in metabolic changes during
      phagocytosis.

PMID- 175847
TI  - Cyclic AMP formation and morphology of myocardial cells isolated from adult
      heart: effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+.
AB  - Adult rat heart cells were isolated by perfusion with a calcium-free phosphate
      buffer containing collagenase. Optimal conditions gave a high proportion of
      elongated cells. Isoprenaline increased cydic AMP content linearly, with ED50
      (dose effective in 50% of the population) about 10(-7) M. Ca2+ made the cells
      spherical, and it nearly abolished cyclic AMP response as did lack of Mg2+.

PMID- 175848
TI  - Nervonic acid biosynthesis by erucyl-CoA elongation in normal and quaking mouse
      brain microsomes. Elongation of other unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (mono and poly
      unsaturated).
AB  - Biosynthesis of nervonic acid by enzymatic elongation of erucyl-CoA has been
      studied in mouse brain microsomes. The substrate and cofactor requirements have
      been measured. Malonyl-CoA and reduced nicotine-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate
      are required, but not FMN, FAD or NADH. The effect of protein concentration,
      incubation time, ATP and CoA has been determined; the reaction products were
      checked by gas-liquid chromatography with automatic counting of the eluate. Very
      little activity was found in hydroxylated fatty acids. In the presence of
      phosphotransacetylase (which impedes the de novo microsomal system), the main
      reaction product was nervonic acid. It is concluded that nervonic acid is
      biosynthesised by elongation using a two-carbon unit from malonyl-CoA. The same
      enzyme biosynthesises saturated and mono-unsaturated very long chain fatty acids.
      The elongation capacity of "quaking" microsomes is reduced to 30% of the normal
      value with both erucyl-CoA and behenyl-CoA. Elongation of trans isomer (brassidyl
      CoA) and poly-unsaturated homologue (clupanodonyl-CoA) was compared to elongation
      of erucyl-CoA in both normal and mutant mice. Both unsaturated acyl-CoAs are
      elongated under the same conditions as erucyl-CoA in brain: the poly-unsaturated
      acyl-CoA is elongated more actively than the mono-unsaturated acyl-CoA in the
      mutant.

PMID- 175849
TI  - Characterization of the Ehrlich ascites tumor plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - 1. The lipoproteins of the Ehrlich ascites tumor plasma were separated into 3
      distinct fractions, very low density, low density and high density lipoproteins
      by preparative ultracentrifugation combined with agarose column chromatography.
      2. High density lipoproteins contained 74% of the total protein in the
      lipoproteins. By contrast, most of the lipids were present in the very low
      density lipoprotein fraction. 3. The fatty acid compositions of the cholesteryl
      esters were appreciably different in the very low, low and high density
      lipoproteins, whereas phospholipid and triacylglycerol fatty acid compositions
      were quite similar in the 3 lipoprotein fractions. 4. Very low and high density
      apoprotein electrophoretic patterns on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels
      were similar to those observed in the corresponding lipoprotein fractions
      obtained from other mammalian species. The low density fraction, however,
      contained 7 apoprotein bands, and 32% of the low density apoprotein was soluble
      in tetramethyl urea. 5. The average molecular weights as determined by analytical
      ultracentrifugation were 2-10(7) (very low density), 6-10(6) (low density) and
      4.4-10(5) (high density).

PMID- 175850
TI  - High performance preparative column chromatography of lipids using a new porous
      silica, Iatrobeads. I. Separation of molecular species of sphingoglycolipids.
AB  - Good preparative separation of neutral glycolipids of human erythrocytes was
      achieved by column chromatography using the totally porous silica spheres,
      Iatrobeads. The solvent flow through the Iatrobeads column was rapid under
      atmospheric pressure, and so elution bands migrated with minimal diffusion in the
      column. Ceramide dihexoside and ceramide trihexoside were both separated into two
      fractions of different molecular species on the Iatrobeads column. Two ceramide
      tetrasaccharides, globoside I and paragloboside, were also clearly separated on
      the Iatrobeads column. Chemical analysis showed that separation of these
      molecular species was due to differences in their fatty acid and long chain base
      compositions. Sphingadienine and phytosphingosine were found as minor components
      of long chain bases in human erythrocyte glycolipids.

PMID- 175851
TI  - Characterisation of the small molecular weight apolipoproteins from pig plasma
      very low density lipoprotein.
AB  - The small molecular weight apolipoproteins of pig very low density lipoprotein
      were investigated following their separation by gel filtration and ion exchange
      chromatography. Gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 in 6 M urea, produced
      essentially the same elution profile to that obtained after filtration of human
      very low density apolipoprotein. However, separation of the pig Sephadex fraction
      corresponding to human C proteins on DEAE-cellulose columns revealed the presence
      of only one major peptide and minor quantities of several others. Some properties
      of three apparent homogeneous fractions and one heterogeneous DEAE fraction were
      investigated. Unlike human apoprotein CII apoprotein, none of the pig peptides
      studied activated cow's milk lipase and sialic acid was not detected in any of
      the three purified C peptides of pig VLDL. The amino acid compositions of the pig
      peptides were different to those reported for human C apoproteins. The carboxy
      terminal residue of the major pig C peptide was shown to be serine. The
      differences so far revealed between pig and human C peptides need further
      investigation especially since this animal is regarded as a suitable model for
      investigating human lipoprotein metabolism and the development of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 175852
TI  - Random cleavage of superhelical SV 40 DNA S1 nuclease.
AB  - SV40 DNA FO I is randomly cleaved by S1 nuclease both at moderate (50 mM) and
      higher salt concentrations (250 mM NaC1). Full length linear S1 cleavage products
      of SV40 DNA when digested with various restriction endonucleases revealed
      fragments that were electrophoretically indistinguishable from the products found
      after digestion of superhelical SV40 DNA FO I with the corresponding enzyme.
      Concordingly, when the linear S1 generated duplexes were melted and renatured,
      circular duplexes were formed in addition to complex larger structures. This
      indicated that cleavage must have occurred at different sites. The double-strand
      cleaving activity present in S1 nuclease preparations requires circular DNA as a
      substrate, as linear SV40 DNA is not cleaved. With regard to these properties S1
      nuclease resembles some of the complex type I restriction nucleases from
      Escherichia coli which also cleave SV40 DNA only once, and, completely at random.

PMID- 175853
TI  - The fragments from the 28 S ribosomal RNA of Galleria mellonella with
      unesterified uridine at the 3'-termini.
AB  - The three 3'-ends of the 28 S galleria RNA are all unesterified uridines. The two
      18-S products due to the primary nick of the 28 S RNA have a similar 3'-terminal
      dinucleotide: G-Uoh. All of the seven species of secondary products from the
      Galleria 28 S RNA were suggested to have unesterified uridines, in common, at the
      3'-ends. These results raise the possibility that the enzyme concerned in
      generating the primary and secondary nicks is a uracil-specific and 5'-phosphate
      forming phosphodiesterase. The esterase, in association with the higher structure
      of the rRNA molecule in the larger subunit of the ribosome, probably determines
      the sites for these nicks in the 28 S rRNA. It is proposed also that the same
      enzyme can be responsible for cleaving the 28-S and 5.8-S rRNAs from their
      immediate precursor molecules.

PMID- 175854
TI  - G1 specific increases in cyclic AMP levels and protein kinase activity in Chinese
      hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary cells were synchronized by selective detachment of cells in
      mitosis. The adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) intracellular
      concentrations and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activities were measured
      as these cells traversed G1 phase and entered S phase. Protein kinase activity,
      assayed in the presence or absence of saturating exogenous cyclic AMP in the
      reaction mixture, was lowest in early G1 phase (2 h after mitosis), increased 2
      fold (plus exogenous cyclic AMP in reaction mixture) or 3.5-fold (minus cyclic
      AMP in reaction mixture) to maximum values in mid to late G1 phase (4-5 h after
      mitosis), and then decreased as cells entered S phase. Intracellular cyclic AMP
      concentrations were minimal 1 h after mitosis, increased 5-fold to maximum levels
      at 4-6 after mitosis, and decreased as cells entered S phase. Similar to the
      fluctuations in intracellular cyclic AMP, the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase
      activity ratio increased more than 40% in late G1 or early S phase. Puromycin
      (either 10 mug/ml or 50 mug/ml) administered 1 h after mitosis inhibited cyclic
      AMP-dependent protein kinase activity up to 50% by 5 h after mitosis, while
      similar treatment (10 mug/ml) had no effect on the increase in cyclic AMP
      formation. These data demonstrate that: (1) total protein kinase activity changed
      during G1 phase and this increase was dependent on new protein synthesis; (2) the
      increased intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP were not dependent on new
      protein synthesis; and (3) the activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase
      was temporally coordinated with increased intracellular concentration of cycli
      AMP as Chinese hamster ovary cells traversed G1 phase and entered S phase. These
      results suggest that cyclic AMP acts during G1 phase to regulate the activation
      of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 175855
TI  - Membrane studies of Streptococcus pyogenes and its L-form growing in hypertonic
      and physiologically isotonic media. An electron spin resonance spectroscopy
      approach.
AB  - Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) was used to compare the lipid
      organization, thermal stability and the physical state of the membrane of a human
      pathogen, Streptococcus pyogenes and its osmotically fragile L-form with this
      same L-form now adapted to grow under physiologically isotonic conditions
      (physiological L-form). Comparison of the hyperfine splittings of a derivative of
      5-ketostearic acid spin label, I(12, 3), after incorporation into the membrane,
      revealed that the lipid chain rigidity of these membranes is in the order
      physiological L-form greater than osmotically fragile L-form greater than
      streptococcus. The signal intensity (of the center magnetic field line) versus
      temperature analysis showed two transitions for these membranes. The first with
      melting points of 45, 26 and 36 degrees C and second transition at 70, 63 and 60
      degrees C for the physiological L-form, osmotically fragile L-form and
      streptococcal membranes, respectively. This same order of membrane lipid chain
      rigidity was seen from the cooperativities obtained for each of these systems
      from analysis based on the expression for an n-order reaction. The I(12, 3) and
      other probes with the paramagnetic group close to the methyl end of the molecule
      suggested that this difference in lipid chain rigidity between these organisms
      resides in the environment closer to the lipid head group region rather than in
      the hydrophobic lipid core. Another major finding was the binding of I(12, 3) at
      two or more different sites in each of the membranes examined. This change in
      lipid chain rigidity now provides an explanation to account for the survival of a
      previously osmotically fragile L-form in physiologically isotonic media by
      focusing on changes in the physical nature of its membrane. In so doing, it adds
      to and reinforces the speculation of the potential survival in vivo and
      involvement in pathogenesis of osmotically fragile aberrant forms of bacteria.

PMID- 175856
TI  - [EPR spectra of silkworm eggs].
AB  - ESR spectra of the native grain of the silkworm have been studied in the course
      of embryo formation, during a diapause, and during embryo development after the
      diapause. It is shown that the nature of ESR spectra of the grain is not
      determined by the metabolic processes, but by the presence of pigments in it and
      other stationary biological structures having developed pi-systems and unpaired
      electrones. The latter are mainly found in the envelope and may give the ESR
      spectra, with various g-factors. A dependence of the ESR spectra integral
      intensity of the grain on the denotype is discovered.

PMID- 175857
TI  - [Effect of lyophilization on the free-radical state of animal cells].
AB  - The process of lyophylisation carried out very carefully under strictly defined
      conditions does not in inself bring about the changes in the parameters of the
      ESR signal with g approximately equal to 2.00 observed in animal cells. The free
      radicals responsible for the ESR signal observed under usual experimental
      conditions, result from a contact of the lyophylised specimen with moisture at an
      optimum water content of about 10%.

PMID- 175858
TI  - [Optical absorption at 700 nm and EPR spectra of chloroplasts and subchloroplast
      particles].

PMID- 175859
TI  - Efficiency of different neuronal codes: information transfer calculations for
      three different neuronal systems.

PMID- 175860
TI  - The control of bovine sperm glycolysis during epididymal transit.

PMID- 175861
TI  - Hormonal events surrounding the natural onset of puberty in female rats.

PMID- 175862
TI  - Antibodies against nitroxide spin labels.

PMID- 175863
TI  - Parameters in the construction of an immobilized dual enzyme catalyst.
AB  - The glucose oxidase and catalase activities immobilized to the gamma
      aminopropyltriethoxysilane derivative of nickel-impregnated silica alumina was
      controlled by several factors. The most important of these was enzyme
      concentration. In constructing the dual immobilized enzyme catalyst, competition
      between the two enzymes for available binding sites was observed. The order of
      addition of the various reactants during immobilization was also important.
      Higher glucose oxidase activities were immobilized when glutaraldehyde was added
      concurrently with enzyme, while maximal coupling of catalase occurred if
      glutaraldehyde was first added to react with the amino derivative of the silica
      alumina support, excess reagent washed away, and then the catalase added. Bovine
      serum albumin, which aids in the crosslinking of glucose oxidase, hindered the
      coupling of the enzyme to the support particles.

PMID- 175864
TI  - Electrolytic regeneration of the reduced from the oxidized form of immobilized
      NAD.
AB  - A covalently bound adduct of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) with alginic
      acid has been found to be enzymatically active and to undergo electrochemical
      oxidation or reduction without significant loss of its enzymatic activity. The
      preparation of the adduct itself (from NAD+, alginic acid, and 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2
      morpholinoethyl)-carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate) is also accomplished with
      substantially complete retention of enzymatic activity. This adduct has been
      converted from the oxidized to the reduced form by controlled potential
      electrolysis using mercury and stainless-steel electrodes. This electrolytically
      produced NADH complex could be oxidized again to the enzymatically active NAD+
      complex by enzymatic reaction with the proton acceptor, 2,6-dichlorophenol
      indophenol, as catalyzed by diaphorase. Using this electrolytic method with
      immobilized NAD, it is now possible to carry out redox reactions in which NADH is
      enzymatically oxidized to NAD+, with the simultaneous electrolytic regeneration
      of the reduced form, NADH, from the oxidized form, NAD+, produced in the
      enzymatic reaction.

PMID- 175865
TI  - Pilot plant production of glucose with glucoamylase immobilized to porous silica.
AB  - Glucoamylase was immobilized to porous silica and its kinetics and stability were
      observed with acid- and alpha-amylase-hydrolyzed dextrin as feed. The enzyme was
      found to be extremely stable in both laboratory and pilot plant operations. When
      the feed had been previously only lightly hydrolyzed, pore diffusion limitation
      caused appreciable decreases in glucose production rate. The severity of starch
      hydrolysis to dextrin markedly affected ultimate glucose yields. The diffusional
      gradients present in the carrier pores caused the immobilized enzyme to yield
      lower glucose concentrations than the free enzyme at similar feed conditions.

PMID- 175866
TI  - [The effect of extracardiac nerves on the intensity of glycogen metabolism in
      cardiac muscle].
AB  - The left vagus was cut in rats on the neck; this was followed by a reduction of
      the glycogen content in the myocardium and by an increase in the intensity of its
      metabolism (by the glucose-I-C14 incorporation). Sympathetic denervation of the
      heart led to the increase in the glycogen level and a fall of the intensity of
      its metabolism in the cardiac muscle.

PMID- 175867
TI  - [Changes in the sensitivity of developing sea urchin embryos to prostaglandin
      F2alpha and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate].
AB  - It was shown that at various stages of the first mitotic cycles the developing
      ova of Strongylocentrotus intermedius displayed a different sensitivity to toxic
      concentrations of prostaglandin F2alpha and to cyclic 3',5'-adenosinmonophosphate
      (cAMP). The differences in the sensitivity to each of these substances were
      regular and similar in character and depended on the time lapse after the
      completion of division next in turn. There were revealed two periods of increased
      sensitivity of the ova--the first one--during the 20th minute after the
      completion of each division--to both substances, and the second one--during the
      40th minute--to cAMP, and during the 50th minute--to prostaglandin F2alpha.

PMID- 175868
TI  - [Ultrastructural study of a Masson's "humid meningioma"].
AB  - The authors report the ultrastructural analysis of a Masson's humic meningioma.
      The tumor presents at the electronic microscopic examination every sign of
      secretive hyperactivity and does not show any degenerative characteristics. The
      existence of an important extracellular material rich in pre-collagenic fibres
      accounts for lacunar texture of this neoplasia at optic microscopic
      investigation; the role played by tumoral cells in the elaboration of the
      material is taken into account and seems to corroborate histogenic ecto
      mesenchymatous theory of arachnoidal cells.

PMID- 175869
TI  - [Epidemiology in the study of the role of viruses in human cancers].
AB  - An epidemiological approach is very useful in the study of the role of viruses in
      the development of human tumors, if properly integrated with the experimental
      approach and laboratory studies. Certain epidemiological characteristics of human
      tumours favour a viral etiology, e.g. space and time clustering, vertical and
      horizontal transmission of a tumour risk, succession in space or in time of viral
      induced benign lesions and of malignant tumours. In the framework of the
      association between the EB herpesvirus and both Burkitt's lymphoma and
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we conducted an epidemiological survey of the EBV
      infection in populations at different risk for EBV associated diseases. This
      survey showed that, in Uganda, the EBV infection was much earlier and heavier
      than in Hong Kong or Singapore. A hypothesis that early infection is related to
      BL risk is discussed as well as the value of epidemiology in both prospective
      studies and in prevention of virally induced tumours. The IARC prospective sero
      epidemiological study on Burkitt's lymphoma and EBV in Uganda is given as an
      exemplar.

PMID- 175870
TI  - [DNA form of the genome of oncornaviruses].
AB  - The oncornaviruses share several biological, biochemical, and structural
      properties that distinguish them from other RNA viruses. Rous sarcoma virus, a
      representative of avian oncornaviruses, manifests two major functions: cell
      transformation and virus replication. Both functions are independent, and are
      expressed separately in defective viruses. The virus has a 60-70S RNA, composed
      of 35 S subunits. It appears that each subunit of viral RNA carries the same
      genetic information and, furthermore, that 10% of this information is coding for
      cell transformation. Without this 10% the virus can still replicate. The RNA
      genome is expressed when the virus penetrates a sensitive cell, provided the
      virus carries an active reverse transcriptase. Virus-transformed cells possess a
      DNA form of the viral genome. The viral DNA is infectious, and can lead, upon
      transfection of permissive cells, to the production of a new viral progeny. We
      have established that the minimum molecular weight of the viral DNA is 6 X 10(6)
      daltons, and that this DNA is covalently bound to the chromosomal DNA. Also by
      examining the frequency of transfection events in the DNA-treated cells we
      suggest that transfection is a single-hit phenomenon. It follows that viral DNA
      of 6 X 10(6) daltons carries all the genetic information to code for the virus
      production. It seems likely that the transfection mechanism giving rise to
      transforming viruses is different from that producing nontransforming segments.
      In general terms, the experimental data indicate that certain RNAs and DNAs could
      accomplish malignant transformation if they are able to penetrate into the cell
      and give rise to the DNA forms which could be integrated into the cellular
      genome.

PMID- 175871
TI  - [Host-leukemogenic virus relation: genetic control of the appearance of
      leukemia].
AB  - A complex genetic system controls the susceptibility to virus induced leukemia. A
      good example is provided by AKR mice in which several genes acting in association
      are involved. The control is demonstrable at several levels: a) virus expression,
      b) virus replication, c) antitumor immune response. In addition one or two other
      genes could be involved. The "Leukemia-permissive" genotype would be probably
      rarely present and the AKR provides the model of a mice in which all genetic
      locus bear the permissive alleles.

PMID- 175872
TI  - Prosthetic restoration in congenital lower limb deficiency. A case study.
AB  - We presented a synopsis of a young girl with congenitally deficient limb who
      underwent seven corrective surgical procedures and fabrication of a specially
      designed and constructed prosthesis. The surgical procedures are detailed as in
      the total rehabilitation approach. We have provided plastic laminated orthoses
      and prostheses to many patients with congenitally deficient upper and lower
      limbs. An additional paper will detail our experience with a series of plastic
      laminated orthoses and prostheses in patients with congentally deficient upper
      and lower extremities.

PMID- 175873
TI  - The influence of motor nerve tetanization on the effect of organophosphorus
      cholinesterase inhibitors on neuromuscular transmission.
AB  - 1. The changes in the activity of synaptic cholinesterases (ChE) of the ant.
      tibial muscle in the anaesthetized cat were detected by recording the changes of
      the blocking activity of acetylcholine (ACh) and comparing them with the blocking
      activity of carbaminoylcholine (carbachol) injected intra-arterially or
      intravenously. After the administration of organophosphorus inhibitors (OPI) of
      ChE the ACh blocking dose diminished 500 to 2000-fold but the carbachol blocking
      dose did not change. In 4-6 h after the injection of OPI the ACh blocking dose
      increased again 8 to 15-fold, but the dose of carbachol still remained unchanged.
      The transmission of high frequency impulses improved after OPI in parallel with
      the decrease of the ACh blocking activity. Thus the synaptic ChE is partly
      restored in a few hours after its irreversible inhibition with OPI. 2.
      Tetanization of the motor nerve (50-60 Hz, 10 min), started simultaneously with
      the intravenous injection of OPI (armine Gd-42), diminished the impairment of
      neuromuscular transmission. On the side of tetanization the ACh blocking action
      was less pronounced and the transmission of high frequency impulses better than
      on the control side. Thus the tetanization produced some protection of synaptic
      ChE against inhibition by OPI. The protective effect of tetanization was absent
      when the tetanization was performed before the injection of OPI or was started 10
      20 min after the injection of OPI. 3. The protective effect of tetanization was
      also observed on the isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation of the rat. 4.
      The possible mechanisms of the protective effect of tetanization are discussed.

PMID- 175874
TI  - The effect of edrophonium on erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and neuromuscular
      function in the rat.
AB  - 1. The relation between the concentration of edrophonium in plasma, inhibition of
      red cell acetylcholinesterase, and neuromuscular transmission was studied in the
      rat. 2. In both in vivo and in vitro conditions, red cell acetylcholinesterase
      activity was predictably related to the concentration of the quaternary amine. 3.
      After low doses of edrophonium (1.0 mumol/kg) there was a significant correlation
      between the monophasic potentiation of twitch tension and the plasma
      concentration of the drug. In contrast, with higher doses of edrophonium (4.0 or
      10.0 mumol/kg) a biphasic potentiation of twitch tension was observed; this was
      only correlated with the plasma concentration of the drug during the secondary
      decline in neuromuscular facilitation. Subsequent recovery of normal
      neuromuscular transmission invariably occurred at a constant plasma concentration
      of edrophonium.

PMID- 175876
TI  - A genetic model of narcolepsy.
AB  - An analysis of recently published family history data on rapid eye movement (REM)
      narcolepsy was undertaken to determine the goodness-of-fit of a multifactorial
      (MF) model of inheritance. The analysis revealed that a two-threshold MF model
      can successfully account for the prevalence of REM narcolepsy and other disorders
      of excessive sleep (DES) observed in the first-degree relatives of the REM
      narcoleptic probands studied.

PMID- 175875
TI  - Hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical function in the rat after treatment with
      betamethasone.
AB  - 1 Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity was suppressed in rats
      treated with betamethasone. 2 Recovery of normal HPA function occurred after
      corticosteroid withdrawl. 3 Although corticotrophin release was rapidly restored
      to its basal rate there was a delay in the return of the normal
      adrenocorticotrophic response to stress and normal adrenocortical function was
      evident only after the plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone had reached 'supra
      normal' levels. 4 The physiological significance and possible clinical relevance
      of the results are discussed.

PMID- 175877
TI  - Oculodento-digital dysplasia: a rare syndrome.
AB  - A rare syndrome that can be diagnosed radiographically has been reviewed. A
      characteristic physiognomy, variable ophthalmologic anomalies and relatively
      specific dental and digital defects provide the diagnostic features. No
      hereditary component was identified and the chromosomal pattern was normal. The
      history, appearance and characteristic radiographic changes may, as in this case,
      allow the radiologist to provide a diagnosis not previously appreciated.

PMID- 175878
TI  - Proceedings: Anterior pituitary function during cardiopulmonary bypass.

PMID- 175879
TI  - Endocrine and metabolic diseases. Pituitary diseases.

PMID- 175880
TI  - Editorial: Herpesvirus and cancer of uterine cervix.

PMID- 175881
TI  - Aflatoxin inhalation and alveolar cell carcinoma.

PMID- 175882
TI  - Sterol synthesis by myelinating cultures of mouse spinal cord.
AB  - We studied the control of sterol synthesis during myelination of central nervous
      system in culture. Explants of fetal mouse spinal cord were cultured for 3-30
      days in vitro (DIV). Myelination was visible by electron micriscopy at 3 DIV, and
      by bright-field light microscopy beginning at 6 DIV. All explants were heavily
      myelinated by 15 DIV. Specific activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'
      phosphohydrolase (CNP) increased rapidly until 15 DIV. The rate of incorporation
      of [1-14C]acetate into sterol was greatest at 12 DIV, more than double that at 4
      and 22 DIV. Specific activity of the mevalonate synthesizing enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG CoA reductase) was greatest at 11 DIV,
      threefold greater than at 6 and 30 DIV. Previous studies in fibroblasts and other
      non-neural tissues had shown that deprivation of exogenous lipid caused a rapid
      increase in HMG CoA reductase activity. In contrast, when the spinal cord
      explants were incubated for 24 h in a lipid-deficient medium, there was either a
      marked decrease in specific activity of HMG CoA reductase (at 6, 15 and 30 DIV),
      or no change in enzyme activity (at 11 DIV).

PMID- 175883
TI  - Recovery of decreased synaptosomal 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose uptake after cerebral
      ischemia in mongolian gerbils.

PMID- 175884
TI  - Hippocampal theta rhythm. II. Depth profiles in the freely moving rabbit.
AB  - Depth profiles of hippocampal theta rhythm were investigated in the freely moving
      rabbit during three behavioral conditions: REM sleep, voluntary movement, and
      during sensory stimulation applied to the motionless animal. Profiles were found
      to be the same in all three conditions. Dorsoventral microelectrode penetration
      of the dorsal hippocampus revealed an approximately uniform amplitude of theta
      rhythm in strata oriens and pyramidal of CA1. Further microelectrode advancement
      revealed a sharp reversal of phase and a coincident null in amplitude in the
      proximal stratum radiatum. There was also a peak of theta rhythm amplitude which
      occurred in the molecular layer of the dorsal blade of the dentate gyrus. These
      data imply that in the rabbit, as in the freely moving rat, there are two
      generators of theta rhythm in the dorsal hippocampus, one in the dentate gyrus
      and the other in the overlying CA1 layer. The data also indicate the existence of
      a species difference in generating systems between the rabbit and the rat.

PMID- 175885
TI  - Cells in regions of rhesus monkey brain and pituitary retain radioactive
      estradiol, corticosterone and cortisol differentially.

PMID- 175886
TI  - Criteria for distinguishing between monosynaptic and polysynaptic transmission.

PMID- 175887
TI  - Glucocorticoid binding to receptor-like proteins in rat brain and pituitary:
      ontogenetic and experimentally induced changes.
AB  - Cytosol binding of [3H]corticosterone and [3H]dexamethasone was measured in
      various brain areas and the pituitary of perfused rats 12 h and 72 h,
      respectively, after adrenalectomy (ADX). A considerable regional heterogeneity
      was found 12 h post ADX representing differences of the normal cytosol binding
      capacities between various areas. When the second phase of the adrenalectomy
      induced increase in binding capacity was allowed to develop (72 h post ADX), the
      cytosol binding of all regions increased to various extents. The highest
      percentage increases were found in those areas with the highest glucocorticoid
      binding capacity, namely the hippocampus and the septum. The ontogeny of the
      cytosol glucocorticoid binding macromolecules was investigated in the
      hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary using [3H]corticosterone and
      [3H]dexamethasone. The concentration of corticosterone binding sites is lowest in
      all three areas around day one and then increases by a factor of 2-3 reaching
      adult levels around day 32. For [3H]dexamethasone a similar pattern was observed
      in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. In the pituitary, however, the concentration
      of binding sites was slightly higher at day 1 than at any later developmental
      stage. Interruption of the fimbria in 3-day-old rats did not affect the
      development of the binding sites in the hippocampus. In an attempt to interfere
      with the normal glucocorticoid binding of the hippocampus as well as with the
      postadrenalectomy increase of the cytosol binding sites, bilateral transection of
      the fimbria was performed either 3 days or 80 days before ADX. In neither case
      did fimbria transection prevent the increase of the binding sites. The intrinsic
      (12 h post ADX) cytosol binding capacity of the hippocampus was also not affected
      by this lesion.

PMID- 175888
TI  - Interactions in vivo and in vitro of corticoids and progesterone with cell nuclei
      and soluble macromolecules from rat brain regions and pituitary.
AB  - Adrenalectomized-ovariectomized (ADX-OVX) rats were given tail vein infusions of
      [3H]corticosterone, dexamethasone, cortisol, deoxycorticosterone or progesterone
      in doses around 10 nmoles/kg body weight. After a 30-60 min uptake period, cell
      nuclei were isolated from 9 brain regions and pituitary. Patterns of cell nuclear
      retention of [3H]corticosterone and [3H]dexamethasone differed: the former
      steroid was highest in hippocampus and septum and low in pituitary; the latter
      steroid was highest in pituitary and more uniformly distributed in the brain. The
      other 3H steroids showed very little cell nuclear labeling in vivo. In contrast,
      in vitro cytosol binding in hippocampus for [3H]progesterone, cortisol,
      deoxycorticosterone, and dexamethasone was 40-60% of that observed for
      [3H]corticosterone. The specificity of cell nuclear binding in slices of
      hippocampus in vitro was similar to that observed for cytosol binding. Reasons
      for the selectivity of in vivo cell nuclear labeling remain to be discovered but
      the selectivity does not appear to be an intrinsic feature of the receptors
      themselves. The pattern of in vivo labeling by [3H]corticosterone and
      [3H]dexamethasone differs from the in vivo distribution of [3H]estradiol in ADX
      OVX rats using the same dissection procedure and this demonstrates the regional
      differentiation within brain of steroid hormone uptake and 'receptor' processes.

PMID- 175889
TI  - [Use of Cortrosyn Depot in dermatology].

PMID- 175890
TI  - [Pathogenic and therapeutic concepts in viral hepatitis].

PMID- 175891
TI  - Immunological characteristics of proteins and enzymes from plasma of full
      stallion semen.

PMID- 175892
TI  - Immunological characteristics of proteins and enzymes from semen plasma of
      stallions collected fractionwise.

PMID- 175893
TI  - [Feline leukemogenic and sarcomatogenic viruses].
AB  - Feline Leukemia and sarcoma viruses (FeLV, FeSV) are RNA viruses, belonging to
      the Oncornavirus group. They possess common morphological, biochemical and
      immunological properties, with viruses of leukemia and sarcoma already known in
      others mammalian and avian species. FeLV is widely present in feline population
      and its transmission is by horizontal way. FeLV and FeSV are oncogenic for others
      species, i.e., dog and some non-human primates but as far as we know, the human
      receptivity is not established. A correlation between humoral antibody directed
      against membran new-antigens and regression of tumors induced by FeSV, led to
      actual investigations on vaccination.

PMID- 175894
TI  - Mode of C-type virus production by bone cells of C3H/Fg mice.
AB  - Electron microscopy of bone from the distal ends of femurs of six 3-month-old
      male C3H/Fg mice revealed varying modes and quantities of C-type virus production
      by cells in the preosteoblast to osteocyte developmental gradient. Production
      occurred by budding from the cell surface, either from very short pedicles or
      from longer microvillous-like processes. Although apparently absent in
      preosteoblasts, limited numbers of budding viruses (90-110 nM) were seen in 6 of
      53 osteoblasts examined. Examination of 200 osteocytes revealed evidence of virus
      production in all but eight. In these cells, budding occurred from the cell body
      and its processes with release of viruses into the pericellular lacunar space.
      Budding from the longer microvillous-like processes sometimes resulted in binding
      together of viruses in bead-like fashion by thin strands of limiting membrane. In
      a few cases budding was also seen on the cell processes within the canaliculi.
      The quantities of viruses present within the lacunae usually increased with
      increasing age of the osteocytes, indicating continual virus production. Most of
      the viruses observed, however, were pre C-types along with lesser numbers of
      mature C particles. Thus, factors contributing to the production of mature C
      particles may be diminished in osteocytes of mice at this age.

PMID- 175895
TI  - Demonstration of cyclic AMP in bone cells by immuno-histochemical methods.
AB  - By utilizing immunohistochemical procedures it was possible to locate bone cells
      that contained adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in frozen, undecalcified
      cat jaw sections. An immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge method was found to be superior
      to other techniques, including immunofluorescence. Differences in staining
      pattern were found between bone cells of kittens and young adult cats, indicating
      different metabolic levels related to cellular maturity, and different
      intracellular compartmentalization of cyclic AMP in the two age groups.

PMID- 175896
TI  - Cellular localization of cyclic AMP in periodontal tissues during experimental
      tooth movement in cats.
AB  - Using an immune-histochemical method, cyclic AMP was localized in cells of
      periodontal tissues in orthodontically-treated cats. Sixteen cats were treated
      for periods ranging from 1 hour to 4 weeks. Fresh, frozen, undecalcified 6 mu
      sections of the tissues were incubated with rabbit anti-cyclic AMP antibodies,
      followed by sequential incubations with sheep anti-rabbit IgG, rabbit anti
      peroxidase IgG and horseradish peroxidase. In the final step, the peroxidase was
      demonstrated by the diaminobenzidine (DAB) method. It was found that the number
      of intensely stained cells increased within a short time in areas in which bone
      resorption or apposition occurred later. However, differences in the pattern of
      cellular activation were found to exist between areas of compression and tension.
      The alveolar osteocytes appeared to be affected to only a slight degree by the
      applications of mechanical forces. These results indicate: (a) that our immune
      histochemical method was useful in following the cellular distribution of cyclic
      AMP during bone remodeling; and (b) that mechanical forces may affect only a
      small part of the bone cell population and therefore cannot be regarded as an
      efficient means to bring about extensive bone remodeling.

PMID- 175897
TI  - Assembly of complex III into newly developing mitochondrial membranes.
AB  - Yeast cells grown anaerobically in 0.02% linoleic acid were transferred to air in
      the presence of 0.02% elaidic acid. At varying times Arrhenius plots were made of
      QH2-cytochrome c reductase activities in isolated mitochondria. A transition
      temperature of 8.2 degrees C at 0.5 h was characteristic of linoleate; at 3 h the
      transition temperature was increased to 24 degrees C characteristic of elaidate.
      At early times the enzyme was associated with anaerobic promitochondrial
      membranes; at later states the newly synthesized enzyme was associated with newly
      developed elaidate membranes.

PMID- 175898
TI  - 3':5'-Cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activities in white and brown adipose tissues
      of cold-acclimated rats.
AB  - 3':5'-Cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) (EC 3.1.4.17) activity was measured in
      interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and in white epididymal adipose tissue
      of rats acclimated to constant or fluctuating cold. Experiments were carried out
      on isolated adipocytes or tissue homogenates. In brown or white adipose tissue or
      isolated adipocyte homogenates, two different apparent Km values were found
      according to the substrate (cAMP) concentration. The low Km was at about 10(-6) M
      and the high one at about 10(-4) M. The apparent V of the high Km enzyme was
      about 10-fold higher than the V of the low Km enzyme. Cold acclimation to
      constant or fluctuating cold did not modify appreciably the Km or V values. For
      low substrate concentrations (10(-6)-10(-8) M), the specific activity of PDE
      expressed per milligram of protein was decreased in BAT adipocytes of the two
      groups of cold-acclimated rats, compared to controls. Inversely, it was increased
      in total tissue homogenates. These variations were smaller in fluctuating cold
      than in constant cold-acclimate rats. They could, in part, induce the increases
      in lipolysis and in blood flow observed in the BAT of cold-acclimated rats.

PMID- 175899
TI  - Inhibition of lymphocyte transformation: effect of soy bean trypsin inhibitor and
      synthetic anti-proteases.
AB  - Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBI) was found to inhibit transformation of human
      lymphocytes induced by mitogens (leucoagglutinin, concanavalin A, NaIO4) or in
      mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). SBI covalently cross-linked to Sepharose beads
      inhibited the MLR and mitogen stimulation virtually completely. We have confirmed
      the work of others which showed that the synthetic anti-proteases epilson
      aminocaproic acid and tosyl-L-lysyl-chloromethane (TLCK) also inhibited mitogen
      induced blastogenesis and we have shown that phenylmethylsulfonylfluride was
      effective also; all of these agents were found to inhibit the MLR as well. SBI
      and TLCK were most inhibitory when added along with mitogen or when mixing
      allogeneic cells in a MLR; significant decrease in inhibition was noted when TLCK
      was added 1 h after mitogen. These data support the hypothesis that protease
      action at a cell surface is an essential early event common to all types of
      lymphocyte transformation.

PMID- 175900
TI  - On the monomeric structure and proposed regulatory properties of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase
      (transphosphorylating)) (EC 4.1.1.49) has been purified to homogeneity from
      Escherichia coli. The enzyme shows the same molecular weight (ca. 65000) either
      by sedimentation equilibrium under nondenaturing conditions or by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis in the presence of detergent, indicating that the enzyme has
      a monomeric structure. We have confirmed the previous observation that NADH is an
      inhibitor of this enzyme, but we have failed to detect the previously reported
      appearance of homotropic cooperativity with respect to substrate binding the
      presence of this inhibitor. Lack of such homotropic interactions is in harmony
      with our conclusion that the enzymes is a monomer. Replacement of Mg2+ by Mn2+ in
      the assay medium lowers the Km for phosphoenolpyruvate by an order of magnitude,
      but does not affect the characteristics of inhibition by NADH.

PMID- 175901
TI  - Plasma lipoprotein profile and composition in White Carneau and Show Racer breeds
      of pigeons.
AB  - Plasma lipoprotein profile and composition in atherosclerosis-susceptible White
      Carneau and atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer pigeons were investigated while
      consuming a regular pigeon chow diet free of cholesterol. Plasma was studied by
      analytical and preparative ultracentrifugation and paper electrophoresis. Lipid
      composition of each lipoprotein was determined by combined TLC-GLC techniques.
      The major plasma lipoprotein of both breeds was high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      with some low density lipoprotein (LDL) and no very low density lipoprotein
      (VLDL). Cholesterol was mainly found in the HDL in both breeds (71.7%), and no
      difference was noticed in the total cholesterol content of whole plasma or in
      various lipoproteins. The LDL fraction in White Carneaux showed a significantly
      lower (P less than 0.05) percentage of cholesterol esters compared with Show
      Racers (58.63 +/- 4.9 in White Carneaux vs. 72.12 +/- 2.1 in Show Racers). In
      LDL, the percentage of the triglyceride concentration in White Carneaux was
      significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that of Show Racers while the
      percentage of protein content in White Carneaux was higher than in Show Racers.
      No significant differences were observed in fatty acid composition of steryl
      esters phospholipids, and triglycerides in the lipoprotein fractions of the two
      breeds. These studies show important differences in the cholesterol esters,
      protein, and triglyceride content of LDL in the atherosclerosis-susceptible breed
      of pigeons.

PMID- 175902
TI  - The carbohydrate composition of human apo low density lipoprotein from normal and
      type II hyperlipoproteinemic subjects.
AB  - The carbohydrate composition of the apoprotein from low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      of normal (average LDL cholesterol, 122 mg/100 ml) and type II
      hyperlipoproteinemic (average LDL cholesterol, 236 mg/100 ml) males was studied
      using gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the methul glycoside derivatives.
      All samples containing detectable sinking pre-beta-lipoprotein were excluded from
      the study. The apo LDL from both groups of subjects contained mannose, galactose,
      N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid. Glucose and fucose were not
      found while trace quantities of galactosamine were detected. Although the
      quantities of galactose and N-acetylglycosamine were the same in the two groups,
      lower quantities of mannose (p less than or equal to 0.01) and N-acetylneuraminic
      acid (p less than or equal to 0.05) were found in the type II patients as opposed
      to normal subjects.

PMID- 175903
TI  - Androgen and estrogen binding in rat skeletal and perineal muscles.
AB  - Specific in vitro binding of [3H]testosterone (T), 5ALPHA[3H]dihydrotestosterone
      (DHT), and [3H[estradiol (E2) was demonstrated in the 30 000 X g supernatant
      (cytosol) of thigh muscles (TM) and of the levator ani - bulbocavernosus muscle
      complex (LA-BC) by gel filtration through Sephadex G-25 columns. In TM cytosol, T
      and E2 [are bound with high affinity  (Ka = 1.1 X 10(9) M-1, and 2.3 X 10(9) M-1
      respectively) whereas DHT binding is of lower affinity (Ka = 5.0 X 10(7) M-1).]
      In LA-BC cytosol, T, E2, and DHT are bound with high affinity (Ka = 1.9 X 10(9) M
      1, 0.3 X 10(9) M-1, and 0.5 X 10(9) M-1, respectively). Competition experiments
      suggest that the binding of the three hormones (T, E2, and DHT) is due to
      different proteins. In addition to TM and LA-BC, T and E2 binding was found in
      other muscles of male and female rats, including gastrocnemius, the pectoralis,
      diaphragm, and heart.

PMID- 175904
TI  - Evidence of respiratory tract infection induced by equine herpesvirus, type 2, in
      the horse.
AB  - Five horses were experimentally exposed to equine herpesvirus 2 strain LK. Two
      young foals developed chronic pharyngitis (98 and 232 days, respectively). Growth
      characteristics, cytopathic effects (CPE), inclusion body formation, ether
      sensitivity, and immunofluorescent analysis indicated that the virus recovered
      from infected animals was a herpesvirus serologically identical with, or at least
      antigenically related to EHV-2 strain LK. No significant complement-fixing (CF)
      or virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody responses were observed in adult horses while
      both foals demonstrated a rise in CF antibody titer. One of the two foals
      demonstrated a rise in VN antibody only. The results suggest that EHV-2 virus
      induced chronic pharyngitis, primarily the result of lymphoid proliferation, with
      no overt clinical signs.

PMID- 175906
TI  - Purification of Oidiodendron kalrai proteases.
AB  - Oidiodendron kalrai yeast-phase cells demonstrate proteolytic activity. Some of
      the proteolytic enzymes of the crude extract were purified by a combination of
      ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-200, and diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)
      cellulose column chromatography. At least six proteins exhibiting a range of
      proteolytic activities could be identified by these procedures. Purity of the
      enzyme fractions obtained from the DEAE-cellulose columns was tested by running
      polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 175905
TI  - Enzymic comparisons of the inorganic sulfur metabolism in autotrophic and
      heterotrophic Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.
AB  - Activities of enzymes which mediate the oxidation of thiosulfate to sulfate and
      the assimilation of sulfate to sulfide were assayed in various cell-free
      fractions of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown autotrophically on either ferrous
      iron or thiosulfate or heterotrophically on glucose. There was no activity of the
      thiosulfate-oxidizing enzyme in extracts of bacteria grown with ferrous iron.
      Comparable activities for ATP-sulfurylase (EC 2.7.7.4), ADP-sulfurylase (EC
      2.7.7.5), and adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) were found in the bacteria grown
      autotrophically with either Fe2+ or S2O32- or heterotrophically with glucose.

PMID- 175907
TI  - Lissencephaly.
AB  - The first reported case of lissencephaly resulting from a consanguinous union
      strengthens the supposition that in some cases, it is transmitted as an autosomal
      recessive trait. Comparison of this case with a sporadically occurring case of
      lissencephaly, with different cortical morphology, suggests that lissencephaly
      may be an example of either varying gene expressivity or genetic heterogeneity.
      Lissencephaly and pachygyria may eventually be shown to be due to different
      causes, some inherited, some acquired. The classical examples of lissencephaly
      are different morphologically from a case in which antenatal cytomegalovirus
      infection had produced a small smooth brain. This suggests that antenatal viral
      infections are destructive rather than teratogenic.

PMID- 175908
TI  - Peripheral neuropathy in oxalosis. A case report with electron microscopic
      observations.
AB  - A 61 year old man had chronic renal failure because of oxaluria and renal
      calculi. Two years before death, while on hemodialysis, he developed severe
      progressive peripheral neuropathy. At autopsy calcium oxalate crystals were found
      in the peripheral nerves and other tissues. Nerve lesions included segmental
      demyelination, axonal degeneration and crystalline deposits within the myelin
      sheath. Ultrastructurally there were foci of osmiophilic granular material within
      myelin lamellae and endoneurium, and pleomorphic lamellar bodies in the
      perinuclear Schwann cell cytoplasm. It is probable that chronic hemodialysis
      favors the deposition of oxalate in the Schwann cells and the development of
      neuropathy in patients with primary hyperoxaluria and renal failure.

PMID- 175909
TI  - Ultrastructural classification of pituitary adenomas.
AB  - Forty-eight surgically removed pituitary adenomas have been investigated by
      electron microscopy. Distinct differences in fine structural appearances
      permitted their separation into 5 classes: 1) Growth hormone, (GH)-cell tumors;
      2) Prolactin cell tumors; 3) Mixed adenomas composed of GH and prolactin cells;
      4) Adrenocorticotrophic-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (ACTH-MSH) cell tumors; 5)
      Undifferentiated cell adenomas. Densely and sparsely granulated tumors were
      distinguished within classes 1, 2 and 4. Although these two forms appeared to
      represent well defined entities, they may be variants of the same tumor differing
      only in pace of hormone production and/or release. Number and size of secretory
      granules varied considerably among tumors composed of the same cell type
      indicating that pituitary tumor classification cannot be based solely on granule
      morphology. This classification takes into account morphogenesis with emphasis on
      clinical features and structure-function relationship.

PMID- 175910
TI  - Letter: Electron microscopy in enteric virology.

PMID- 175911
TI  - Letter: Antibodies to poliovirus and measles virus.

PMID- 175912
TI  - A normal adult and fetal lung antigen present at different quantitative levels in
      different histologic types of human lung cancer.
AB  - Rabbits were immunized with extract of either an adenocarcinoma of the lung, or
      one of three oat cell carcinomas of the lung. Unabsorbed and variously absorbed
      antisera, and various extracts, were analyzed by double and radial
      immunodiffusion. The adenocarcinomas-antisera identified an antigen subsequently
      quantitated at high concentration in seven adenocarcinomas of the  lung, but a
      low concentration in five normal adult and four fetal lungs. Three of four
      epidermoid carcinomas of the lung contained the antigen at low concentration,
      however only trace amounts were detected in four of five oat cell carcinomas of
      the lung. The oat cell carcinoma-antisera failed to identify a significant
      antigen. Quantitatively, the above antigen appeared to distinguish
      adenocarcinomas and to a lesser extent epidermoid carcinomas from oat cell
      carcinomas of the lung, and to be consistent with the concept that oat cell
      carcinomas arise from a different cell type than the other lung tumors.

PMID- 175913
TI  - Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the breast. The mucinous variant of infiltrating
      lobular carcinoma?
AB  - Five cases of the type of mammary carcinoma that has been designated "signet-ring
      cell carcinoma" are presented. This tumor is characterized by the presence of
      numerous cells containing intracellular mucin, without large amounts of
      extracellular mucin as is seen in colloid (gelatinous, mucinous) carcinoma of the
      breast. Although such cells may be seen in many mammary carcinomas, they are
      never as frequent as in the variant described. Ultrastructurally, the most
      characteristic finding is the presence of numerous intracellular lumina
      containing material which appears to represent the mucin identified with the
      light microscope. This finding differs from that in colloid carcinoma, in which
      the scantier intracellular mucin occurs in the form of intracytoplasmic membrane
      bound vesicles. The five tumors in the present series were all associated with
      either in situ lobular carcinoma or a "sinus catarrh"-like pattern of nodal
      metastases, or both. On the basis of these light and electron microscopic data,
      the signet-ring cell carcinoma is suggested as a variant of infiltrating lobular
      carcinoma, clinically and pathologically distinct from colloid carcinoma.

PMID- 175914
TI  - Congenital anomalies among children born of mothers receiving chemotherapy for
      gestational trophoblastic neoplasms.
AB  - Fifty-eight women who conceived following successful chemotherapy of gestational
      trophoblastic neoplasms subsequently became pregnant a total of 96 times. Seventy
      eight of these 96 pregnancies or 81% terminated in live-born infants. Fifteen of
      the 96 or 16% ended in abortion and three or 3% terminated with stillborn
      infants. Among the live-born and stillborn infants there were three with
      congenital malformations classified as major. While this incidence of congenital
      malformations does not appear to be increased over that expected, the numbers are
      too small to perceive a two-fold increase in the expected incidence. Suggestions
      are made for improvements in the quality of these data.

PMID- 175915
TI  - Growth hormone deficiency in children with brain tumors.
AB  - Nine children with brain tumors are described who have received various
      combinations of treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.
      Many of the children were noted to be of short stature. Endocrine assessment was
      carried out from 2 to 10 years after treatment. The combined results of insulin
      tolerance and Bovril stimulation tests show an impaired growth hormone response
      in six of the nine children. Bone age is retarded in all cases, and the present
      height is below the 10th percentile in five of the six. The cause of this growth
      hormone deficiency is obscure, but further studies are in progress.

PMID- 175916
TI  - Approaches to immunological control of virus-associated tumors in man:
      introductory remarks.

PMID- 175917
TI  - The epidemiology of avian lymphoid leukosis.
AB  - Avian lymphoid leukosis can be induced by lymphoid leukosis viruses belonging to
      Subgroups A, B, C, and D. The endogenous virus of the chicken (Rous-associated
      virus type 0) belongs to Subgroup E and has little, if any, potential for
      inducing lymphoid leukosis. Nearly all chicken flocks are infected with Subgroup
      A lymphoid leukosis virus. This virus can be transmitted from dam to offspring or
      by contact with infected birds. Early infection, either by congential means, or
      soon after hatching, leads to the highest incidence of lymphoid leukosis.
      Maternal antibody or genetic resistance to infection delays or prevents
      infection, leading to a lower incidence of disease. In flocks segregating for
      genetic resistance to infection, continued infection is maintained through
      dynamic interactions between genetic resistance, acquired or maternal antibody
      ,and virus infection. Expression of endogenous viral information is controlled by
      dominant genes, but spontaneously produced Rous-associated virus type 0 can
      spread through a susceptible flock and be transmitted like an exogenous virus.

PMID- 175918
TI  - The epidemiology and virology of C-type virus-associated hematological cancers
      and related diseases in wild mice.
AB  - In several different populations of wild mice, observed over a 35-month period in
      laboratory geriatric colonies, a direct correlation was found between the
      prevalence and titer of spleen complement-fixing gs (p30) antigen and C-type
      particles in newly trapped healthy mice and a predilection to lymphoma and a hind
      leg paralytic disease upon aging. Other studies have established the indigenous C
      type virus as the essential etiological determinant of both diseases in wild
      mice. An increased incidence of breast carcinomas, hepatomas, and pulmonary
      adenomas associated with C-type virus also occurred in the lymphoma-paralysis
      prone colony as compared with the tumor-resistant colonies.

PMID- 175919
TI  - Biology of feline leukemia virus in the natural environment.
AB  - The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was discovered in 1964 in a cluster of cats with
      lymphosarcoma. The observed clustering of cases of feline lymphosarcoma suggested
      that FeLV was an infectious agent for cats. The development of a simple
      immunofluorescent test for FeLV permitted a seroepidemiological study to be
      undertaken on the distribution of the virus in cats living in their natural
      environment. Over 2000 cats were tested, and the results showed conclusively that
      FeLV is an infectious agent for cats. This finding has now been independently
      confirmed using three different test procedures. After the infectious nature of
      FeLV was discovered, a simple FeLV test and removal program was devised to
      control the spread of the virus in the natural environment. The spread of FeLV
      was controlled in 45 households by removing the FeLV-infected cats, while in 25
      households, where the infected cats were left in contact with the uninfected
      cats, 12% of the uninfected cats became infected. The ultimate control of FeLV
      awaits the development of an effective FeLV vaccine, which now seems feasible
      since we have already experimentally immunized some cats with attenuated FeLV.
      Although FeLV is infectious for cats there is no evidence that FeLV can infect
      humans.

PMID- 175921
TI  - Physiopathology of human and virus-induced murine leukemias.
AB  - The authors describe a coherent model for differentiated leukemias derived from
      physiopathological studies on Friend leukemia. In Friend leukemia, Friend virus
      induces permanent differentiation of erythropoietin-responsive cells. This
      erythropoietic proliferation and maturation is accompanied by a marked cell loss
      and provokes enlargement of the stem cell compartment. The so-called leukemic
      cells have a limited proliferation capacity and may not be truly malignant as
      opposed to blastic cells in acute leukemias. Clinical, hematological, and
      physiopathological data that are presently available in chronic granulocytic
      leukemia, polycythemia vera, and the erythroblastic component of erythroleukemia
      are compatible with the Friend physiopathological model. It is suggested that
      these differentiated leukemias initiate from an uncontrolled differentiation of a
      committed cell compartment, which stimulates proliferation of the stem cell
      compartment. The disease would be due to a proliferation and accumulation of
      "subnormal" cells characterized by a shorter mean life-span than the normal
      differentiated cell population. Although limited, the data available suggest that
      the physiopathology of acute leukemias is clearly distinguishable from that of
      differentiated leukemias; several immunological and therapeutic applications of
      this model are outlined.

PMID- 175920
TI  - Immune response to oncornaviruses and tumor-associated antigens in the chicken.
AB  - Two principal virus-directed antigens have been identified on the surface of
      oncornavirus-infected chick embryo cells. One is identical with the major virus
      type-specific envelope antigen, which is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight
      of 85,000. The 2nd antigen (tumor-specific cell surface antigen) is specific for
      transformed cells, i.e., absent from productively infected but nontransformed
      cells. This antigen has been identified as a glycoprotein with a molecular weight
      of 100,000 and was not found in the mature virion. Remarkably, both antigens
      induce humoral as well as cellular immunity in the chicken. It could be shown
      that cells can be killed in cytotoxic assays via either the tumor-specific cell
      surface antigen or the virus envelope glycoprotein alone.

PMID- 175922
TI  - An approach to C-type virus immunoprevention of spontaneously occurring tumors in
      laboratory mice.
AB  - A review of our current progress in C-type virus vaccine research is presented.
      This includes the findings of C-type virus or its antigen expressions in every
      naturally occurring tumor of two strains of "low-incidence" laboratory mice, the
      BALB/cCr mouse and the NIH Swiss mouse. Vaccine preparation methods are described
      including the inactivation of C-type virus infectivity with optimal maintenance
      of the antigen titers of at least two of the polypeptides of the C-type virus,
      gp69/71 and p30. The cell-mediated immune response of the mouse to C-type virus
      vaccines, as measured by a footpad assay for delayed-type hypersensitivity and an
      in vitro lymphocyte transformation assay, is described. Studies with two murine C
      type viruses (Rauscher leukemia and Gross leukemia) a simian C-type virus, and an
      avian C-type virus (avian myeloblastosis virus) showed that the cell-mediated
      immune response of the animal includes type-specific, group-specific, and
      interspecies-specific reactivity. The mouse gave a cell-mediated immune response
      to at least one of the polypeptides of the C-type virus, the gp69/71, whether
      this polypeptide was presented to the immune system of the mouse as whole virus,
      Tween-ether-treated virus, or a purified polypeptide. One measure of the
      effectiveness of the C-type virus vaccines was provided by immunization of the
      mouse with Rauscher leukemia virus preparation that induced resistance to
      challenge with both live Rauscher leukemia virus and a naturally occurring BALB/c
      leukemia virus. Evidence is presented that the C-type virus can act as an
      effective transplantation antigen in syngeneic tumor cell lines resulting in the
      immunogenicity and loss of tumorigenicity of these cell lines. An approach to the
      viral immunoprevention of spontaneously occurring tumors is discussed.

PMID- 175923
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus-malaria interaction models for Burkitt's lymphoma:
      implications for preventive trials.
AB  - Infections with both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and malaria have been implicated as
      causal factors in the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). Proposed trials of
      preventive measures for both infections are receiving serious consideration as
      possible means of establishing a causal relationship with BL. In this paper we
      examine certain models for the interaction of EBV and malaria in the induction of
      BL, and also review the aims of the longitudinal, population-based study being
      conducted in the West Nile District of Uganda. Given existing knowledge, the
      outcome of preventive trials, even for the most simple interaction models, is
      unpredictable and, under certain circumstances, trials of an EBV vaccine could
      actually increase the incidence of BL. It is suggested that trials of an EBV
      vaccine at this time would be premature and should be delayed at least until the
      results from the West Nile prospective study are clear.

PMID- 175924
TI  - Experimental models for DNA-RNA viral interactions: a brief review.
AB  - Evidences that demonstrate or imply the occurrence of DNA-RNA viral interactions
      in man and animals are reviewed. The concurrent presence of two dissimilar
      oncogenic viruses influenced responses both in vivo and in vitro. Cell-mediated
      immune responses to Marek's disease herpesvirus were altered in specific-pathogen
      free chickens inoculated as embryos with an avian leukosis virus. The possible
      roles of immunological factors in the pathogenesis and control of tumor
      development associated with DNA-RNA viral interactions remain to be investigated.

PMID- 175925
TI  - Biochemical approaches to detection of Epstein-Barr virus in human tumors.
AB  - The application of biochemical studies for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus
      (EBV)-DNA in human tumor cells is discussed. These studies resulted in the
      consistent demonstration of viral nucleic acid in African Burkitt's lymphoma
      biopsies and in epithelial tumor cells of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The viral
      DNA resides within those cells regularly in multiple copies per cell. Besides
      these tumors our group detected significant concentrations of EBV-DNA in a German
      lymphoma patient revealing histological characteristics of Burkitt's lymphoma.
      Moreover, virus DNA was also found in a patient suffering from immunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy. More than 50 additional B-cell lymphomas and more than 40
      biopsies from patients with Hodgkin's disease did not contain detectable amounts
      of EBV-DNA when tested by nucleic acid hybridization. A tentative scheme of EBV
      induced pathogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 175927
TI  - Immune response of monkeys to lymphotrophic herpesvirus antigens.
AB  - Herpesvirus saimiri induces leukemia and/or malignant lymphoma when inoculated
      into different species of nonhuman primates including marmosets and owl monkeys.
      No malignant disease, however, has been recognized in the natural host for this
      virus, the squirrel monkey, although a high percentage of these monkeys are
      chronically infected with H. saimiri. Furthermore, one species of marmosets, as
      well as capuchin and some owl monkeys, fail to develop lymphoma following
      experimental virus infection but developed a chronic infection similar to that
      noted in the natural host. The availability of susceptible and resistant species
      made it possible to attempt to delineate those humoral and cellular immune
      parameters that might correlate both with tumor induction and resistance. The
      findings from these investigations are reviewed and discussed in relation to
      vaccine studies in this system as a model for a human herpesvirus vaccine.

PMID- 175926
TI  - Natural mechanisms of controlling lymphotropic herpesvirus infection (Marek's
      disease) in the chicken.
AB  - Four categories of natural resistance phenomena against Mareks disease in
      chickens, i.e., maternal antibody, age resistance, genetic resistance, and
      natural immunization, are described. In nature, these forms of resistance
      probably act in concert through comlex interrelationships. The mechanisms are not
      well understood but include humoral immunity (maternal antibody), cell-mediated
      immunity, and possibly other mechanisms. The possible role of newly discovered
      tumor-specific antigens in cell-mediated immunity against Marek's disease
      lymphomas is discussed.

PMID- 175928
TI  - Preventive vaccination against Herpesvirus saimiri-induced neoplasia.
AB  - In this paper we discuss the use of Herpesvirus saimiri as a model for the
      development of vaccines against herpesvirus-induced neoplasia in primates.
      Attempts at protection against the oncogenicity of H. saimiri have centered on
      the inactivation of virus by heat and formalin, the production of temperature
      sensitive H. saimiri mutants, and the attenuation of the virus. Each of these
      approaches has provided information of use in the development of vaccines that
      may possibly be used in man.

PMID- 175929
TI  - Vaccination of nonhuman primates with killed oncogenic herpesviruses.
AB  - Killed herpesvirus cancer vaccines were prepared by inactivation of oncogenic
      herpesviruses (Herpesvirus saimiri and Herpesvirus ateles) with heat and
      formaldehyde. The killed vaccines, which are not free of viral nucleic acid, were
      safe in 121 vaccinated monkeys of 4 different species. Some of these monkeys have
      now been under observation for 2 years. The vaccines induced high titers of
      specific humoral antibodies in all vaccinated monkeys. The killed vaccines proved
      to be efficient against the i.m. challenge with cell-free oncogenic
      herpesviruses. The challenged animals remained clinically well without signs of
      an infection and have now been under observation for 1 year, while the
      nonvaccinated control monkeys died of malignant lymphoma 34 to 52 days after
      inoculation. The protection against H. saimiri could be passively transmitted
      with the serum of the vaccinated monkeys. The vaccination did not prevent but
      delayed tumor development after tumor cell transplantation. The resistance
      against the oropharyngeal route of infection remains to be determined.

PMID- 175931
TI  - Implications of a vaccine for the prevention of Epstein-Barr virus infection:
      ethical and logistic considerations.
AB  - Reasons are given for considering that there is sufficiently substantial indirect
      and circumstantial evidence linking Epstein-Barr (EB) virus to African Burkitt's
      lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma to call for a dynamic new approach to
      establish a causal role for the virus in these human cancers. It would seem that
      the only way to do this would be to develop a vaccine, vaccinate a population at
      risk in a high-tumor-incidence area, and subsequently follow the population for a
      consequential decrease in tumor incidence. Recent developments in the control of
      animal herpesvirus-induced malignant tumors by vaccines free of viral nucleic
      acid make it possible to envisage that a similar vaccine could be developed
      against EB virus without undue difficulty. Experiments showing the tumor-inducing
      ability of EB virus in South American subhuman primates have provided an in vivo
      laboratory system in which to test the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. Trial
      of the vaccine in human populations could be carried out by testing its ability
      to protect those at risk from primary EB virus infection accompanied by
      infectious mononucleosis. Although in world terms BL is not a major health
      problem, nevertheless African BL provides uniquely favorable conditions in which
      to test for a causative role for EB virus: high incidence areas are known, the
      peak tumor incidence is at the age of 5 or 6, and the effects of vaccination on
      tumor incidence could be assessed within a decade. Should a carcinogenic role for
      EB virus be demonstrated in African BL, a much longer term program would be
      called for to extend the vaccine control of infection to areas where EB virus is
      implicated in the induction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Although a high
      incidence of this tumor is confined to populations of Southern Chinese origin,
      the very large numbers of such people and the frequency of the tumor among them
      make this a substantial world health problem and, therefore, worth the cost and
      effort necessary to develop a vaccine giving life-long immunity and to conduct a
      program that will take more than a generation to give positive results.

PMID- 175930
TI  - Experimental infection of squirrel and marmoset monkeys with attenuated
      Herpesvirus saimiri.
AB  - Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) was propagated in vero cells for 3 passages at 39
      degrees and cloned 3 times at 34 degrees. This virus was inoculated into cotton
      topped marmoset and squirrel monkeys; all inoculated monkeys became infected as
      HVS was reisolated after their circulating lymphocytes were cultured with vero
      cells and measurable levels of antiviral antibodies developed that were measured
      by immunofluorescence and/or neutralization tests. None of the inoculated monkeys
      developed any signs of overt disease and all inoculated monkeys have survived 9
      to 14 months postinoculation. The attenuated virus appears to be genetically
      stable as virus isolated from an infected marmoset was passed 3 times in vitro
      and then inoculated into other marmosets, which became infected and remained
      clinically well. Marmosets latently infected with attenuated HVS were not
      protected when challenged with a large dose (770 plaque-forming units) of
      oncogenic HVS, although these marmosets survived about 3 times longer than did
      inoculated control marmosets.

PMID- 175932
TI  - Pilot studies with human interferon in Herpesvirus saimiri-induced lymphoma in
      owl monkeys.
AB  - The nature of Herpesvirus saimiri-induced disease in owl monkeys is described
      with emphasis on those biological parameters useful in monitoring the disease.
      These parameters are lymphocyte response to general mitogens, lymphocyte
      infective centers, and antibody to virus-associated early antigen. Human
      interferon was used in treating owl monkeys with virus-induced leukemia. In 2
      animals evidence was obtained that suggested a positive antileukemic effect.

PMID- 175933
TI  - Natural immunity in the oncornavirus-infected mouse.
AB  - BALB/cfC3H females neonatally infected with mammary tumor virus (MTV) possess
      spleen cells capable of significant cytotoxic activity against target MTV-induced
      mammary tumor cells in microcytotoxicity assay. Spleen cells from supposedly MTV
      free BALB/c females are also specifically reactive, as a result of horizontal
      transmission of MTV antigens. No quantitative differences in reactivity exist
      between females not susceptible to the development of mammary tumors (BALB/c) and
      those that may develop or already have tumors (multiparous BALB/cfC3H). However,
      there are qualitative differences in response between those at risk and those not
      at risk.

PMID- 175934
TI  - Correlation of in vitro and in vivo studies of antigens relevant to the control
      of murine breast cancer.
AB  - The specific immune response of C3H [mammary tumor virus (MTV)] (MTV+) and C3Hf
      sublines (MTV- or milk-MTV-) to mammary tumors of C3H origin was measured in
      vitro by the ability of lymphocytes derived from immunized animals to destroy 3H
      proline prelabeled target cells after 36 hr of incubation in vitro
      (lymphocyte:target ratio, 400:1). Primary cytotoxic responses were obtained both
      in C3H and C3Hf mice and were mediated mainly by T-lymphocytes (Thy.1-positive
      cells). The degree of cross-reactivity between different C3H mammary tumors
      showed wide ranges and actually depended on the amounts of MTV-related antigens
      expressed in the tumor cells. An inverse relationship between MTV-related and H2
      histocompatibility antigens was observed. Thy.1.2 antigen (theta-C3H) was also
      detected on the surface of mammary tumor cells. Both C3H and C3Hf recognized
      cross-reacting and noncross-reacting antigens in the tumor cells, although the
      magnitude of the response in the MTV+ mice was lower than in the C3Hf sublines.
      Soluble antigens could be extracted by 3 M KCl treatment of the tumor cells and
      could be used as immunogens (eliciting cytotoxic responses against mammary tumor
      cells), or as stimulators for thymidine uptake (blast transformation in vitro)
      for specifically immune T-lymphocytes. Attempts to modify spontaneous tumor
      development in C3H and C3HfA virgin female mice by immunization with formalinized
      MTV or with soluble antigens extracted from C3H mammary tumors, although still in
      progress, showed a moderate preventive effect (especially in the C3HfA) immunized
      with MTV and an acceleration of tumor appearance both in C3H and C3HfA mice
      immunized with the soluble antigens extracted from C3H mammary tumors. This last
      set of results, although preliminary, indicates that a better understanding of
      the immunological events in this system is essential for the design of
      experiments on prophylaxis of tumor development.

PMID- 175935
TI  - Implications of humoral antibody in mice and humans to breast tumor and mouse
      mammary tumor virus-associated antigens.
AB  - As a part of a program directed toward the elucidation of the role of viruses in
      mouse and human breast cancer, a variety of immunological techniques were applied
      to a study of the humoral immune response of mice and of humans to their breast
      tumors. Tumor-bearing mice were found to produce antibodies against a complex
      array of tumor cell-associated antigens, including mouse mammary tumor virus
      (MMTV), components, heterophile and Forssman-like antigens, embryonic antigens,
      and possibly other tumor-associated antigens. Mice bearing MMTV-positive tumors
      had high titer antibodies against both viral and heterophile antigens. Tumor-free
      mice, whether of high or low mammary cancer strains, were remarkably free of
      antibodies that could label MMTV particles, although some sera contained
      antibodies to viral components. Patients with breast cancer also had antibodies
      against a variety of antigens associated with their own and homologous breast
      cancer cells. These antibodies reacted with heterophile, embryonic, and other
      tumor-associated antigens, some of which appeared to be viral. Sera of some
      patients with breast cancer gave positive immunofluorescence reactions with mouse
      mammary tumor cells grown in tissue culture and producing MMTV. Most of these
      reactions were due to heterophile antibodies in the sera, but a small number of
      sera contained antibodies apparently directed specifically toward MMTV particles,
      as determined by immunoperoxidase electron microscopy. Although human-mouse cross
      reactions must be interpreted with caution, these data suggest that a virus
      putatively associated with human breast cancer is antigenically related to MMTV.

PMID- 175936
TI  - Biological considerations of tumor-specific and virus-associated antigens of
      human breast cancers.
AB  - In vivo and in vitro studies bearing on tumor-specific and viral-associated
      antigenicity of human breast carcinomas were reviewed with particular attention
      to the following clinical considerations: (a) breast carcinomas arise in a
      nonrandom fashion; (b) in situ carcinomas precede invasive breast carcinomas; (c)
      invasive breast carcinomas behave in a heterogeneous fashion. Microscopically
      demonstrable lymphoreticuloendothelial responses, skin window tests, and
      leukocyte migration tests all indicate that tumor-specific antigenicity develops
      in assoication with the early phases of mammary carcinogenesis. Such antigenicity
      is maximally expressed in in situ carcinomas without associated invasive breast
      cancer and minimally in invasive breast cancers with metastases. Immunogenic
      breast cancer tissues commonly contain a protein component the antigenic and
      physicochemical properties of which are similar to those of a protein component
      of murine mammary tumor virus. Advances in our understanding and control of human
      mammary carcinogenesis and biological behavior are dependent on the
      clinicopathological characterization of individual patients and their breast
      tissues as well as on the analytical procedures used.

PMID- 175937
TI  - Specificity of cell-mediated immunity in mouse-human cross-reactions: formal
      discussion.

PMID- 175938
TI  - Further immunization studies with mammary tumor virus.
AB  - A single i.m. dose of formalin-inactivated murine mammary tumor virus greatly
      reduces viral expression and mammary tumorigenesis in Af (tumor incidence, 39%)
      and RIIIf (tumor incidence, 11%) mice, which carry only  endogenous, gamete
      transmitted virus. In C57BL mice, 1 mug of vaccine in Freund's complete adjuvant
      protects against later challenge with RIII virus.

PMID- 175939
TI  - Immunological control of breast cancer: discussion.

PMID- 175940
TI  - Human cervical cancer as a venereal disease.
AB  - The operation of venereal factors in human cervical cancer is suggested by
      demographic and epidemiological data. Recent evidence supporting the genital
      herpesvirus hypothesis is consistent with this notion. A controlled
      epidemiological investigation has been undertaken on the role of the male coital
      partner in cervical carcinogenesis. An answer is sought to the question, "Is the
      risk of developing cervical cancer increased among the wives of men who at some
      other time were married to other women who developed cervical cancer?" With one
      quarter of the study completed, a total of 14 marital clusters have been
      identified in which 2 or more wives of the same men developed cervical carcinoma.
      The expected number of such clusters is estimated to be 4.

PMID- 175941
TI  - Model systems for cervical cancer.
AB  - The evidence suggesting that a venereally transmitted virus and/or hormonal
      factors are involved in the etiology of cervical cancer is reviewed. The animal
      models used to test the oncogenic potential of these two types of agents are also
      discussed.

PMID- 175942
TI  - Condylomata acuminata and human genital cancer.

PMID- 175943
TI  - A search for herpes simplex virus type 2 markers in cervical carcinoma.
AB  - Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is now clearly recognized as the second most
      common malignant disease of women in the United States. Epidemiological studies
      provided the first suggestive evidence that an infectious, venereally transmitted
      agent was involved in this disease in either a causal or a casual fashion. Later
      cytohistopathological, virological, and seroepidemiological studies confirmed
      this observation and identified the suspect agent as herpes simplex virus type 2.
      Recently, several laboratories have directed their energies towards establishing
      lines of direct evidence linking herpes simplex virus type 2 etiologically with
      human cervical carcinoma. Some of these approaches have involved attempts to
      detect infectious virus, viral components, or virus-specific modifications in
      neoplastic cervical tissues. Results obtained utilizing human tissues will be
      reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 175944
TI  - Experimental evidence for the oncogenic potential of herpes simplex virus.
AB  - The data presented in this review reveal the transforming potential and oncogenic
      capability of herpes simplex viruses in cultured cells and in experimental
      animals, respectively. Unfortunately, the role of these agents in human cancer,
      especially cervical, cannot be unequivocally established through the indirect
      approaches used, but circumstantial evidence that these viruses represent
      potential oncogens in the human population is mounting.

PMID- 175945
TI  - Herpesvirus type 2-related antigens and their relevance to humoral and cell
      mediated immunity in patients with cervical cancer.
AB  - The central theme of this communication is the interaction of herpes simplex
      virus type 2 with its host. In addition to the productive infection, we are
      confronted by latency and, as suggested by recent studies, by cancer. The
      possible mechanisms of latency and the role it may play as a precursor of
      carcinogenesis are discussed. If virus is to coexist with its host, a defined
      level of molecular interaction between host and viral gene products must exist.
      The association of AG-4 with active tumor growth and its identification as a
      minor virion protein, also exposed on the surface of the infected cell, open new
      vistas in the understanding of the role virus-host cell interactions may play in
      tumor growth. The modulation of the host immune response by the results of this
      interaction may play a significant role in cancer control. In these terms, the
      observation that antibody to AG-4 is a macroglobulin and that, therefore,
      immunity to AG-4 may be T-cell independent, should be given further
      consideration.

PMID- 175946
TI  - Studies on herpes simplex virus and cancer.
AB  - Virus-induced polypeptides of cells infected by herpes simplex virus (HSV) types
      1 and 2 were investigated by analysis on polyacrylamide gels and by determination
      of their antigenicity. Some polypeptides, VP154 and VP134, had immunological
      reactivity common to both virus types, while others (VP175 and VP123) were type
      specific. Only the glycosylated polypeptides were able to induce neutralizing
      antibody. The expression of viral genetic information was studied in newborn mice
      infected with wild-type and ts mutant viruses; some mutants had become attenuated
      and had lost pathogenicity for newborn mice while others had not. From induction
      experiments in HSV=transformed hamster cells, it appears that detection of
      enhanced replication of ts mutants in human cancer cells would be an indication
      of resident HSV genetic information. Sera obtained from cancer patients were
      examined for antibodies to early proteins synthesized in HSV-infected cells. The
      method used was an indirect radioimmune precipitation test followed by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of immune precipitates. Cervical
      cancer patients had sera with a higher reactivity to early nonstructural
      polypeptides than to breast cancer patients or to matched healthy women. In
      contrast to the results with early polypeptides, little difference was detectable
      between the matched sera in their reactivity with a major capsid polypeptide,
      which is synthesized late in the infectious cycle.

PMID- 175947
TI  - Immunological control of cervical cancer: discussion.

PMID- 175948
TI  - Immunological control of virus-associated tumors in man: a perspective.

PMID- 175949
TI  - Induction of syncytia by the bovine C-type leukemia virus.
AB  - Bovine buffy coat cells infected with the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) induce
      syncytia formation in human diploid embryonic lung cells as well as in monolayer
      cell cultures of bovine, simian, ovine, bat, and caprine origin, but not in mouse
      fibroblast cells, normall rat kidney cells, or RSV-transformed rat cells.
      Syncytia were not observed in diploid embryonic lung cells inoculated with bovine
      buffy coat cells free of BLV. The syncytia-induction effect is associated with
      the synthesis of complete BLV by the buffy coat cells and is independent of
      whether these cells are viable, disrupted, normal, or malignant. Cell-free
      preparations of BLV and density gradient-purified virus also induce syncytia when
      added directly to diploid embryonic lung cells and to bovine, bat, and caprine
      monolayer cell cultures. Ether treatment, ultraviolet light irradiation, heating,
      freezing, and thawing destroy the syncytia-inducing activity of BLV. This
      activity is also neutralized when the virus is incubated with sera containing
      antibodies to BLV, but not when incubated with sera free of these antibodies or
      reference serum for the foamy-like bovine syncytial virus. Several other lines of
      evidence rule out the possibility that this virus or other bovine viruses are
      responsible for the syncytia-inducing phenomenon described here. BLV antigen was
      consistently detected by the immunofluorescent test in the syncytia-positive
      monolayer indicator cultures. However, syncytia formation was not necessarily
      associated with BLV production by the indicator cells. The ability to induce
      syncytia in monolayer cultures of nontransformed cells distinguishes BLV from all
      the known C-type luekemia viruses.

PMID- 175950
TI  - Development of an in vitro infectivity assay for the C-type bovine leukemia
      virus.
AB  - The ability of the bovine C-type leukemia virus to induce syncytia formation in
      monolayer cell cultures has been used to develop a specific and simple
      infectivity assay for the virus. Using bovine embryonic spleen cells or human
      diploid embryonic lung cells as indicator cells, the results of the assay can be
      evaluated in 4 to 6 or 6 to 8 days, respectively. Pretreatment of the indicator
      cells with DEAE-dextran greatly increases the sensitivity of the assay. The assay
      is quantitative and can be applied as a direct method for the identification of
      bovine C-type leukemia virus-infected animals; it also provides a simple, and
      sensitive procedure for the detection and titration of virus-neutralizing
      antibodies.

PMID- 175951
TI  - Surface localization of virus production on a glucocorticoid-stimulated
      oncornavirus-producing mouse mammary tumor cell line by scanning electron
      microscopy.
AB  - A chronically infected continuous mouse mammary tumor cell line containing virus
      particles of type B morphology, free of contaminating type C virions, has been
      grown in tissue culture. These cells were treated with dexamethasone, a synthetic
      glucocorticoid, a potent stimulator of mouse mammary tumor virus expression.
      Surfaces of untreated and dexamethasone-treated cells were investigated by
      scanning electron microscopy. Untreated cells demonstrated a moderate expression
      of mouse mammary tumor virus (80 particles/cell) distributed diffusely over the
      cell surface. However, virions on dexamethasone-treated cells were localized in
      clusters of 100 to greater than 2000 virus particles, often with more than one
      cluster per cell. Dexamethasone-treated cells typically showed a 10-fold increase
      in cell-associated virus over untreated cells. Concentrated extracellular fluids
      from untreated and dexamethasone-treated cultures were quantitated for free
      virus. Dexamethasone-treated culture fluids demonstrated a similar 10-fold
      increase of extracellular particles, in contrast to untreated cultures. This
      increase in virus particles on the cell surfaces as well as in the extracellular
      fluids supports the theory that dexamethasone has a stimulatory effect on viral
      replication, not just on the release of budding particles. The ultrastructure of
      budding mouse mammary tumor virus during dexamethasone stimulation, determined by
      scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the significance of such an in
      vitro system for viral immunodiagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 175952
TI  - Carcinogenesis by carbamic acid esters and their binding to DNA.
AB  - The tumor-initiating potency of three simple alkyl carbamates and mono-N
      substituted ethyl carbamates was examined in Hall strain mice. The binding of 14C
      labeled carbamates of DNA was measured in Crackenbush mice. Ethyl carbamate was
      the most potent carcinogen for the epidermis, liver, and lung, followed by its N
      alkyl derivatives. Methyl carbamate was without effect but n-propyl and n-butyl
      were possible carcinogens. The ethyl esters bound to a greater extent to DNA in
      liver and skin than the methyl, n-propyl, and n-butyl esters and only this
      binding persisted. A preliminary application of croton oil increased the yield of
      skin tumors but not of liver or lung tumors. It also increased the binding of the
      alkyl carbamates to DNA in skin, the increase being greatest with ethyl
      carbamate. The binding persisted longer in treated than in non-croton oil-treated
      mice.

PMID- 175953
TI  - Receptor characteristics of specific estrogen binding in the renal adenocarcinoma
      of the golden hamster.
AB  - Linear sucrose gradient analyses reveal that all estrogen-induced and -dependent
      primary renal tumor cytosols examined contain an 8 S and variable amounts of 4 S
      receptor in low ionic buffer concentrations. Similar results were obtained with
      extracts of primary metastases of these tumors. Sucrose gradients containing high
      salt (0.4 M KCl) convert the 8 S receptor in both the hamster renal tumor and
      uterus to a 4 to 5 S complex. Scatchard plot analysis reveals that the renal
      tumor cytosol estradiol-receptor complex has a Ka of 1.7 X 10(9) M-1 and 9.2 X
      10(-10) M binding sites. Competition for the tritiated 17beta-estradiol binding
      sites in the renal tumor was similar to that in the uterus with respect to
      estrogenic compounds. Nonestrogenic steroids exhibited minimal competition at the
      same concentrations or higher. Substitution in the ring structure, particularly
      in position 3 of the phenolic A-ring, resulted in a considerable loss in the
      ability of such compounds to compete for these receptors. Aniestrogens were
      effective competitors for these estrogen receptors only at higher concentrations
      relative to the tritiated estradiol.

PMID- 175954
TI  - A quantitative study of the subcellular localization of 67Ga.
AB  - This paper describes a quantitative procedure for the isolation of 67 Ga-binding
      granules (GBG) from normal rat liver and Morris 5123C hepatoma homogenates by a
      combination of rate and isopyknic density gradient zonal centrifugation. Another
      class of GBG has been found that is much smaller than the lysosomal GBG we have
      previously described. These smaller particles, or microvesicles, bind the largest
      portion of the 67Ga found in the hepatoma whereas, in the liver, the GBG
      lysosomes are the major binding component. Previously, we had shown that
      considerably more 67Ga is taken up in hepatoma than in liver (as percentage of
      administered dose per g of tissue). The preferential association of 67Ga with
      these microvesicles in the 5123C hepatoma may be indicative of a basic difference
      between normal and malignant tissue.

PMID- 175955
TI  - Clinical relevance of steroid-receptor measurements in tumours.

PMID- 175956
TI  - Some ultrastructural observations on the midgut epithelium of Isohypsibius
      augusti (Murray, 1907) (Eutardigrada).
AB  - The midgut epithelial cells of the eutardigrade Isophypsibius augusti are
      organized into a convoluted monolayer. Only a single cell type could be
      distinguished although this cell type displayed considerable morphological
      variation. The midgut begins with crescent-shaped cells. More distally the cells
      are of variable height depending on the stored amount of nutritional material. No
      regenerative cells are present. Adjoining cells are held together by apical
      zonulae continuae. All the cells are characterized by a striated border, some
      basal infoldings, cytosis vesicles, numerous mitochondria, and abundant rough
      endoplasmic reticulum. Dictyosomes occur in small numbers. Ovoid or spherical
      inclusions (spherites), often concentrically laminated, are common. The cells,
      especially those along the middle part of the gut, are filled with large amounts
      of nutritional storage which includes polysaccharide material. The possible
      functions of the midgut in Tardigrada are discussed.

PMID- 175957
TI  - Immunohistochemical study on adenohypophysial primordia in organ culture.
AB  - Rathke's pouches isolated from rat fetuses on day 12 were maintained in organ
      culture for 9 days and investigated immunohistochemically to test whether or not
      the hypothalamus is involved in the cytodifferentiation of the adenohypophysis.
      The unlabeled antibody enzyme method demonstrated that the cultured tissue
      contains different types of glandular cells, i.e., adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-,
      growth hormone (GH)-, luteinizing hormone (LH)-, thyrotropin (TSH)-, and
      prolactin-producing cells. Indirect evidence was also obtained to indicate the
      presence of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-cells. These findings suggest
      that adenohypophysial primordial cells of rats start to synthesize their
      respective hormones without stimuli from the neurosecretory substances of the
      brain which are known to be essential for the maintenance of the secretory
      activity of the adult gland.

PMID- 175959
TI  - [Stability of collagenase in its application forms].

PMID- 175958
TI  - The fine structural localization of testicular phosphatases in man: the control
      testis.
AB  - Electron microscopic cytochemistry was used to determine the localization of five
      phosphatase enzymes-glucose-6-phosphatase, inosine diphosphatase, thiamine
      pyrophosphatase, acid phosphatase, and adenosine triphosphatase-in control human
      testes. Glucose-6-phosphatase occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear
      envelope of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and primitive spermatogonia, but was not
      observed in more advanced spermatogenic cells. The presence of glucose-6
      phosphatase activity paralleled the presence of glycogen in spermatogenic cells,
      i.e., both occurred in type AL and AD spermatogonia but not in type AP or B
      spermatogonia or in more advanced spermatogenic cells. Inosine diphosphatase
      activity was found in the endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, and Golgi
      complex of Sertoli cells and all spermatogenic cells except late spermatids.
      Additionally, inosine diphosphatase activity was localized at the junctions
      between Sertoli cells and late spermatids, but was not associated with any other
      plasma membrane. Thiamine pyrophosphatase reaction product was found in the Golgi
      bodies of Sertoli cells and in spermatogenic cells through immature spermatids.
      Neither inosine diphosphatase nor thiamine pyrophosphatase was observed in the
      Golgi bodies of spermatids during acrosomal formation. Acid phosphatase activity
      was found in lysosomes of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, in
      lysosomes of Leydig cells, and in lysosomes, lipofuscin bodies, and Golgi
      cisternae of Sertoli cells. It is thought that Sertoli lysosomes play a role in
      the phagocytosis of degenerating germ cells; however, the role of spermatogenic
      or Leydig lysosomes is unknown. Adenosine triphosphatase activity occurred at the
      interfaces between two spermatogonia, and between Sertoli cells and
      spermatogonia, but was not observed in the spaces between two Sertoli cells, two
      spermatocytes, two spermatids, or between Sertoli cells and spermatocytes, or
      between Sertoli cells and spermatids.

PMID- 175960
TI  - [Transport and receptors of thyroid hormones in organs and tissues].

PMID- 175961
TI  - [Relationship between dental and bone maturation].

PMID- 175962
TI  - [Pelvic arteriography during malignant tumours of trofoblast (author's transl)].

PMID- 175963
TI  - The formation and repair of single-strand breaks in DNA of cultured mammalian
      cells treated with UV-light, methylating agents or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide.
AB  - The technique of sedimentation in alkaline sucrose was used to examine the
      formation and repair of single-strand (SS) breaks in cultured mammalian cells
      that were treated with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), methyl nitrosourea (MNUA),
      4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) or UV-light. The SS breaks induced by MMS and
      4NQO were largely repaired by HeLa cells during a 5-h post-treatment incubation.
      The SS breaks induced by MNUA and UV-light were not repaired by HeLa cells. L
      cells were not able to repair the SS breaks induced by any of the agents, which
      correlates with the deficiency of these cells for repair synthesis of DNA. The
      following conclusions are discussed. MNUA and UV-light produce modifications in
      DNA which are not repaired but are translated into SS breaks in alkali. MMS
      produces SS breaks intracellularly but these are not derived from a simple
      depurination of methylated purines. 4NQO produces a modification in DNA which is
      translated into an SS break in alkali but which can be removed by an
      intracellular process.

PMID- 175964
TI  - Alkylation of meseenger RNA by dimethylnitrosamine.
AB  - Rats were treated with radioactive dimethylnitrosamine or methyl
      methanesulphonate and the alkylation of various RNA fractions was determined 4 h
      later. It was found that after administration of dimethylnitrosamine, hepatic
      messenger RNA (isolated by binding to oligo(dT)-cellulose) and nuclear RNA were
      alkylated slightly, but significantly less than ribosomal RNA. After treatment
      with methyl methanesulphonate nuclear RNA was alkylated to a greater extent than
      either messenger or ribosomal RNA. The implications of these findings with
      respect to the mechanism by which dimethylnitrosamine inhibits liver protein
      synthesis are discussed.

PMID- 175965
TI  - Mechanism of the autocatalytic formation of ferrihemoglobin by N,N
      dimethylaniline-N-oxide. Structure and ferrihemoglobin forming activity of the
      purple dye.
AB  - The structure of the leuco compound of the purple dye which is formed in mixtrues
      of N,N-dimethylaniline-N-oxide (DANO) and ferrihemoglobin or ferricytochrome c
      was elucidated. IR, NMR, mass spectroscopy, and synthesis by oxidation of
      mixtures of N-methylaniline and 2-dimethylaminophenol showed that the leuco
      compound is produced by condensation of these two compounds. But only X-ray
      analysis proved the structure: 2-dimethylamino-4-(N-methylanilino)-phenol. The
      purple dye was produced from the leuco compound by withdrawal of two electrons
      and may be considered as resonance hybrid of the p-quinonimine and the o
      quinonimine. When DANO was incubated with ferrihemoglobin or ferricytochrome c
      the oxygen of DANO was used for the production of the dye by oxidation of N
      methylaniline and 2-dimethylaminophenol. The amount of N,N-dimethylaniline found
      in the incubation mixtures corresponded with the amount of purple dye produced.
      In the absence of molecular oxygen from incubation mixtures of DANO with
      cytochrome c the purple dye was formed at the same rate as under air. In blood in
      vitro the purple dye catalytically transferred electrons from ferrohemoglobin to
      molecuar oxygen. Its ferrihemoglobin-forming activity was lower than that of 4
      dimethylaminophenol but higher than that of 2-dimethylaminophenol. The chemical
      mechanism of the autocatalytic formation of ferrihemoglobin by DANO is described.

PMID- 175966
TI  - Studies on 3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-hexyl)-xanthine (BL 191). II. Effect of BL 191
      on lipolysis in rat epididymal adipose tissue.

PMID- 175967
TI  - [Selection of cell lines resistant to cyclic AMP and theophylline from murine
      plasmocytoma MOPC 173. Cross resistance to ouabain and concanavalin A].
AB  - Using cAMP or theophyllin as selective agents, we obtained from contact inhibited
      and non contact inhibited cell lines, derived from the same plasmocytoma,
      different resistant cell lines. All of them were cAMP and theophyllin resistant
      and also ouabain and con A resistant as judged by the growth curves in presence
      of the different drugs.

PMID- 175968
TI  - [Estradiol and progesterone receptors in human endometrium during the menstrual
      cycle].
AB  - The concentrations of estradiol and progesterone receptors are measured in the
      cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of endometrial samples obtained by biopsy
      throughout the menstrual cycle. The standardized micromethod accounts for the
      sites occupied by endogenous hormones and for interference by androgen receptors
      and plasma binding proteins. In normal women, the cellular concentration of
      estradiol receptor increases early in the cycle and decreases steadily after
      ovulation. The progesterone receptor is maximum between the 10th and 15th day of
      the cycle and decreases during the luteal phase. The nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios
      of both receptors follow the variations of circulating hormones. These data
      constitute a new basis for physiopathological and pharmacological investigations
      on the hormonal control of the human uterus.

PMID- 175969
TI  - [Early stimulation of protein kinase activity during hormonal meiosis
      reinitiation in starfish ovocytes].
AB  - Total endogenous protein kinase activity has been compared in homogenates
      prepared from Marthasterias glacialis and Asterias rubens oocytes treated or not
      by 1-methyladenine, the hormone which triggers meiosis reinitiation. A 5 mn
      treatment at the threshold 10(-7) M concentration causes a significant increase
      (+ 20%) of these activities. This stimulation is maintained or even enhanced when
      homogenates are complemented with exogenous histones.

PMID- 175970
TI  - [Short and long term depression of neuromuscular transmission in crayfish].
AB  - Following single  excitation of the abdominal giant motoneuron of crayfish, an
      important depression of neuro-muscular transmission is observed for about 15 mn.
      The time course of recovery is not modified even after low frequency (1/30 Hz)
      repetitive stimulation. Recovery curves obtained for different Mg++ concentration
      in physiological solutions show two phases of depression: short-term depression
      which is largely reduced in high Mg++ concentrations - thus probably depending on
      transmitter depletion in motoneuron terminals - long-term depression which is not
      modified by changing Mg++ concentration and seems to be independent of depletion.

PMID- 175971
TI  - [Isolation of murine sarcoma virus not associated with XC plague forming leukemia
      virus].
AB  - The N-type MLg cells transformed by B-tropic MuSV (WN1802B) produced defective
      MuSV without detectable among of MuLV; the focus formation by the culture fluid
      required the co-infection of exogenous MuLV. After one passage of the virus in
      MLg cells, we obtained a virus preparation which was capable of inducing foci
      without the exogenous MuLV, but which remained negative in the XC test.

PMID- 175973
TI  - Radionuclide methods in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia and infarction.
      Discussion.

PMID- 175972
TI  - Radionuclide methods in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia and infarction.
AB  - Radionuclide techniques that assess regional myocardial perfusion and detect
      acute myocardial infarction promise to provide critical information in the
      detection and evaluation of coronary artery disease and in the assessment of
      therapies aimed at limiting the degree of ischemia and the extent of tissue
      necrosis. Radioindicators such as 99mTc-tetracycline and 99mTc-pyrophosphate
      which are sequestered by acutely infarcted myocardium provide a direct method to
      detect an infarct and to determine its size. Regional alterations in myocardial
      perfusion can be assessed by myocardial scintigraphy performed after the
      injection of radiopotassium or one of its analogues with the patient either at
      rest or at exercise. A somewhat more accurate evaluation of the extent of altered
      perfusion can be obtained after the intracoronary injection of macro-aggregated
      particles. A quantitative index of altered perfusion can be obtained after the
      intracoronary injection of an inert gas such as 133Xe.

PMID- 175974
TI  - Radionuclide techniques in the assessment of myocardial ischemia and infarction.

PMID- 175975
TI  - Radionuclide imaging of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Discussion.

PMID- 175976
TI  - Changes in electrophoretic mobilities of alpha-and beta-lipoproteins as a result
      of plasma delipidation.
AB  - A two-phase system containing the ternary mixture butanol/disopropyl ether/plasma
      in different proportions yields ordered delipidation of alpha-lipoproteins, pre
      beta-lipoproteins-  and beta-lipoproteins in plasma, as quantitated by
      densitometry after electrophoresis. As a consequence of delipidation the
      electrophoretic mobilities of pre-beta-lipoproteins and beta-lipoprotein
      increased, that of alpha-lipoprotein decreased.

PMID- 175977
TI  - Determination of apolipoprotein A and its constitutive A-I and A-II polypeptides
      by separate electroimmunoassays.
AB  - Electroimmunoassays ("rocket" electrophoresis) are described for human serum
      apolipoprotein A and its constitutive A-I and A-II polypeptides. Purified
      lipoprotein A, A-I, and A-II were used to prepare monospecific antisera and to
      standardize assays. These specific, rapid (5-8 h), precise (the within-and
      between-assay coefficients of variations are 5 and 7%, respectively), and
      accurate (by gravimetry) assays are applicable to measurement of these
      polypeptides in whole serum and in various density classes of lipoproteins.
      Comparable results are obtained with intact and delipidized lipoproteins. Results
      correlated well with those obtained by radial immunodiffusion or
      radioimmunoassay. However, the present procedure is more rapid than the former
      and simpler than the latter immunoassay. Concentrations of A-I and A-II in the
      serum of normal men and women were similar (143 +/- 24 and 146 +/- 78 mg/dl,
      respectively, for A-I and 78 +/- 17 and 83 +/- 25 mg/dl for A-II). Subjects with
      type lla, llb, and IV hyperlipoproteinemias had similar concentrations of both
      polypeptides, while patients with type I disease, lecithin:cholesterol
      acyltransferase deficiency and LP-A deficiency had lowest concentrations of A-I
      (0.3-30 mg/dl) and A-II (11-20 mg/dl). The molar ratio of A-I/A-II in the serum
      and high-density lipoproteins was close to unity.

PMID- 175978
TI  - Statistical characterization of the random errors in the radioimmunoassay dose-
      response variable.
AB  - We have developed practical methods for evaluating the magnitude of the random
      errors in radioimmunoassay dose--response variables, and the relationship between
      this error and position on the dose--response curve. This is important: to obtain
      appropriate weights for each point on the dose--response curve when utilizing
      least-squares curve-fitting methods; to evaluate whether the standards and the
      unknowns are subject to error of the same magnitude; for quality-control
      purposes; and to study the sources of errors in radioimmunoassay. Both standards
      and unknowns in radioimmunoassays for cAMP and cGMP were analyzed in triplicate.
      The same mean (Y), sample standard deviation, sy, and variance (2-y) of the
      response variable were calculated for each dose level. The relationship between s
      2-y and y was calculated utilizing several models. Results for standards and
      unknowns from several assays were pooled, and a curve smoothing procedure was
      used to minimize random sampling errors. This pooling increased the reliability
      of the analysis, and confirmed the presence of the theoretically predicted
      nonuniformity of variance. Thus, the calculation of results from these
      radioimmunoassays should utilize a weighted least-squares curve-fitting program.
      These analyses have been computerized, and can be used as a "pre-processor" for
      programs for routine analysis of results of radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 175979
TI  - Stability of fatty acids in hyperlipoproteinemic plasma during long-term storage.
AB  - Aliquots of hyperlipoproteinemic plasma were stored at -20 degrees C in a
      nitrogen atmosphere with added disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate for up to one
      year, to determine the stability of fatty acids in the four major lipid classes
      under these conditions. Assays were performed at zero time and at 2, 5, and 12
      months. No uniform fatty acid change was found. Minor statistically significant
      changes were found in total triglyceride fatty acids and in some of the
      individual fatty acids in cholesterol esters, phospholipid, and free fatty acids.
      These minor changes could not be accounted for by plasma lipid concentrations,
      lipolysis, or fatty acid peroxidation. Evidently, plasma can be stored in this
      manner for as long as a year without substantial change in fatty acids in any of
      the four major lipid classes.

PMID- 175980
TI  - Direct radioimmunoassay for serum estriol during pregnancy.
AB  - I describe an assay for serum estriol during pregnancy, which does not require
      prior extraction or chromatography of the serum. Fifty microliters of 20-fold
      diluted serum can be assayed to detect as little as 20 pg of estriol. For a 20
      mug/liter serum estriol concentration the CV was 16%; for 100 mug/liter
      concentration it was 5%. There was no significant interference by serum "binding"
      proteins. The assay measures unconjugated estriol, estriol conjugated with either
      sulfate or glucuronide at the 3' position, and a portion of the estriol 16 alpha
      (beta-D-glucuronide). Serum estriol concentrations increase during gestation from
      a low at 20 weeks of less than 10 mug/liter to a high of 100-150 mug/liter at
      term. Serum estriol values correlate well with those for urinary total estrogens
      and with values for human placental lactogen in serum at various gestational
      ages.

PMID- 175981
TI  - Erythrocyte adenosine kinase activity in gout.
AB  - Erythrocyte adenosine kinase (AK) (EC 2.7.1.20) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP)
      reductase (EC 1.6.6.8) were measured in healthy male controls and primary gout
      subjects. Adenosine kinase activity in 19 controls and 26 gouty subjects was
      0.717 +/- 0.176 and 0.615 +/- 0.128 nmol/mg protein/h, respectively. The
      difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). GMP reductase
      activity in 39 controls and 46 gouty subjects was 30.90 +/- 6.28 and 33.43 +/-
      7.97 mumol/mg protein/h, respectively, without statistically significant
      difference.

PMID- 175982
TI  - Changes in the immunoelectrophoretic characteristics of serum alpha-I-lipoprotein
      induced by various dyes.
AB  - The effect of 8 dyes on the electrophoretic mobility of normal human serum alpha
      1 lipoprotein has been examined. The two characteristics of increase in anodal
      mobility, and conformational changes of the immunoelectrophoretic precipitin arc
      suggesting polymorphism, were found to vary independently among the dyes tested.
      The results suggest that dye induced electrophoretic mobility alteration may
      represent a useful tool for examination of heterogeneity of alpha-1 lipoprotein.

PMID- 175983
TI  - [Replacement therapy of Sheehan's syndrome with synthetic ACTH and thyroid
      hormones--a case report].

PMID- 175984
TI  - Diffusion of bone morphogenetic activity from the residue of collagenase digested
      bone matrix gelatin through interstitial fluid.
AB  - Bone morphogenetic activity is transmitted from the residue of a collagenase
      digest of bone matrix gelatin not only across cellulose acetate membranes but
      also through an interstitial fluid filled duplex diffusion chamber (a distance
      300 + 2,000 mum). Collagenolysis enhances dissociation of the bone morphogenetic
      property of bone matrix and dissemination among mesenchymal cells proliferating
      in the host bed surrounding the diffusion chamber. The bone morphogenetic
      response is associated with secretion of interstitial fluid, enzymes, and fibrin
      as well as formation of new collagen fibrils beaded with coarse ruthenium red
      granules in the pores of the cellulose acetate membrane. Membranes with pore
      sizes too small to accommodate either new collagen fibrils or mesenchymal cell
      microvilli do not transmit the morphogenetic response.

PMID- 175986
TI  - [Toxic effects of antibiotics].

PMID- 175987
TI  - Chemotherapy of herpesvirus infections.
AB  - Herpesviruses commonly produce lesions that come to the attention of physicians.
      Many different chemicals are known to suppress the growth of herpesviruses in
      vitro, but only a few of these have found application in clinical practice. A
      critical assessment of the place of some of these forms of chemotherapy was
      briefly presented.

PMID- 175985
TI  - Histological studies of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal implants of trypsin
      prepared dermal collagen allografts in the rat.
AB  - The possibility of using allograft collagen for the permanent replacement of lost
      or damaged connective tissues has been examined in the rat. The cellular
      components of skin, which are known to be of major importance in allograft
      rejection, were removed by treating skin with a solution of crystalline trypsin
      at 15 degrees C. Non-collagenous structures were largely removed by 7 days, but
      the purification process continued up to 28 days without damage to the collagen
      fibrils. Dermal collagen allografts, which were implanted intraperitoneally or
      subcutaneously and biopsied 3-83 days after operation, became recellularized and
      revascularized without being being resorbed. In contrast to skin allografts,
      there was no evidence of cellular rejection of the collagen grafts, even when
      recipient animals had been sensitized to allogeneic skin from the same donor.
      Densensitization of collagen to collagenase, by treating dermal collagen with
      solutions of glutaraldehyde at concentrations ranging from 0.001-1.0 per cent,
      was also investigated in vitro and by implantation. The best results, in terms of
      preservation of the collagen bundle architecture and graft recellularization
      without persisting inflammation, were achieved with collaged pre-treated with a
      solution of 0.01% glutaraldehyde.

PMID- 175988
TI  - Head pain.
AB  - Head pain can be a challenging, difficult, and interesting diagnostic problem. A
      detailed history and carefully performed and directed physical and laboratory
      examination will aid in the complex differential diagnosis--which includes
      structural disease of the eye, ear, nose, throat, teeth; trauma; central and
      peripheral nervous system infections and tumors; and various neuropathies of
      unknown cause. Systemic abnormalities such as hypertension are a frequent cause,
      as are emotional upset and tension. Other isolated and extremely rare causes,
      such as the anatomic abnormality of an elongated styloid process, cannot be
      discussed in a presentation of this length, but are included in the bibliography.

PMID- 175989
TI  - Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase in Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan
      lacking mitochondria.

PMID- 175990
TI  - Regulation of malate dehydrogenase from an osmoconformer by salt.

PMID- 175991
TI  - Comparative studies on plasma low density lipoproteins from pig and man.

PMID- 175992
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of steroid glycosides from the starfish
      Acanthaster planci.

PMID- 175993
TI  - Cytochrome P-450 and adrenodoxin in adrenal mitochondrial fractions of several
      lower vertebrates.

PMID- 175994
TI  - Body weight and the activities of pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and
      lactate dehydrogenase in the liver of the American plaice, Hippoglossoides
      platessoides.

PMID- 175995
TI  - The diurnal variation of neutral hepatic fructose 1,6-diphosphatase in partially
      inbred populations of rats and in outbred populations of Microtus montanus.

PMID- 175996
TI  - The effect of prolactin and CB154 on in vivo lipogenesis and enzyme patterns in
      the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica and of photositmulation on enzyme
      patterns in the white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis.

PMID- 175998
TI  - A computer program for simulating a network of interacting neurons. I.
      Organization and physiological assumptions.

PMID- 175997
TI  - Nucleotide transport in African trypanosomes.

PMID- 175999
TI  - A computer program for simulating a network of interacting neurons. II.
      Programming aspects.

PMID- 176000
TI  - A computer program for simulating a network of interacting neurons. III.
      applications.

PMID- 176001
TI  - Compilation of the joint interval histogram using a biomedical data analyzer.

PMID- 176002
TI  - Affective and atopic disorders and cyclic AMP.

PMID- 176003
TI  - Insoluble collagen I. The effect of substrate weight on the rate of
      solubilisation of polymeric collagen fibrils by bacterial collagenase.
AB  - The enzymic solubilisation of insoluble collagen fibrils by bacterial collagenase
      has been examined employing unlabelled polymeric collagen fibrils (PC), rhodamine
      labelled fibrils (RB-PC), and fluorescein labelled fibrils (F-PC) as substrates.
      The presence of the label did not affect the kinetics of enzyme digestion but
      enabled the solubilized products to be rapidly estimated. The quantity of
      substrate used was found to play a major role in determining the quantity of
      peptides solubilised by a given enzyme concentration. It is suggested that in the
      PC fibrils only a limited number of TC molecules were suitably located to form an
      enzyme substrate complex with bacterial collagenase. Conditions were found in
      which the F-PC and RB-PC could be used as substrates in the assay of this enzyme.

PMID- 176004
TI  - Heparan sulfate of skin fibroblasts grown in culture.
AB  - Primary cultures of normal human skin fibroblasts were examined for
      glycosaminoglycan content. Heparan sulfate was found in the growth medium of
      these cells, in fractions obtained by sequential collagenase and trypsin
      treatments, and in the remaining intact cells. Heparan sulfate was found to be
      the major sulfated glycosaminoglycan of the trypsin fraction but appeared as a
      smaller proportion of the collagenase fraction. The heparan sulfate of the growth
      medium, the collagenase fraction, and the trypsin fraction appeared to be
      proteoglycan while intracellular material appeared to be mainly free
      polysaccharide. The collagenase fraction is thought to be representative of
      "matrix" material produced by the cells, while the trypsin fraction may represent
      external cell surface material. The trypsin fraction heparan sulfate
      polysaccharide was relatively homogeneous in size with an average molecular
      weight of approximately 40,000 relative to a chondroitin sulfate standard. It was
      also relatively homogeneous in sulfate content, containing an average of 0.8
      sulfate groups per disaccharide repeating unit. Approximately 50% of this was N
      sulfate.

PMID- 176005
TI  - Studies on hyaluronic acid. V. Relationship between the protein content and
      viscosity of rooster comb dermis hyaluronic acid.
AB  - Protein accounted for an average of 8.7% w/w of the hyaluronic acid obtained from
      rooster comb dermis extracts and three types of peptide constituents appeared to
      be present. A few collagen-like fibers were closely associated with the
      hyaluronic acid when samples were examined in the electron microscope and
      collagenase treatment decreased the intrinsic viscosity from 7000-5000 ml/g to
      3900-2700 ml/g. The quantities of collagen present, however, were too small to
      detect chemically with the methods employed. The major peptide consituent was
      readily separated from the hyaluronic acid by fractionation in a cesium chloride
      gradient or by treatment with pronase. The viscosity was decreased by the density
      gradient procedure but not by the pronase digestion. Repeated fractionation in a
      cesium chloride gradient decreased the intrinsic viscosity still further and a
      small peptide constituent with a high glycine and serine content remained
      associated with a hyaluronic acid. The data suggest that an interaction or
      entanglement with collagen fibers is responsible for the high viscosity of
      hyaluronic acid in this tissue extract and that the viscosity of purified
      hyaluronic acid preparations is dependent upon interactions between adjacent
      polysaccharide chains. Interactions between the major peptide constituent and
      polysaccharide chains or the small residual peptide component remaining with
      hyaluronic acid after extensive purification procedures, however, appear to be
      involved in some organized structure because the presence of the major peptide
      constituent minimized the decrease in viscosity that occurred when hyaluronic
      acid samples were lyophilized.

PMID- 176006
TI  - Indoluble collagen II. The use of fluorescein labelled polymeric collagen fibrils
      in a very sensitive assay procedure for enzymes degrading insoluble collagen.
AB  - 98% of the collagen in mature connective tissue is in the form of insoluble
      collagen fibers, consisting of bundles of polymeric collagen (PC) fibrils. The
      enzymes concerned in connective tissue remodeling degrade PC rather than
      tropocollagen (TC). TC is the most usual substrate for collagenase assays, and we
      believe it is essential to employ PC in any study of the activity of
      collagenolytic enzymes. In order to facilitate the study of enzymic degradation
      of PC we have labelled PC with fluorescein iso-thiocyanate to produce F-PC
      fibrils, containing 5 fluorescein labelled epilson-NH2 groups of lysine per TC
      molecule within the PC. The fluorescent F-PC is degraded at the same rate as PC
      with the release of hydroxyprolyl peptides but has the great advantage that the
      solubilised F-peptides can be quantitated by their fluorescent emission. The
      technique is described in detail employing bacterial collagenase and mammalian
      collagenase preparations to illustrate the methodology. The advantages of the
      fluorescent technique over the collagenolytic assay methods currently in use are
      outlined.

PMID- 176007
TI  - The in vitro binding of estradiol by the guinea pig cerebral cortex.

PMID- 176008
TI  - Mammary neoplasia in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).
AB  - Mammary tumors are reported in four guinea pigs and the literature is reviewed.
      It is concluded that mammary adenocarcinomas are second only to pulmonary
      adenomas as the most common epithelial tumors in the guinea pig. The sex
      incidence of mammary tumors is almost equal and both young and old animals are
      susceptible. Mammary tumors are generally locally invasive, rarely metastasize,
      are often quite large, and very vascular. Surgical excision of mammary tumors is
      possible but recurrence should be expected if the primary tumor is incompletely
      removed.

PMID- 176009
TI  - Current status and usefulness of operative cholangiography.
AB  - This article is a review of the recent literature on operative cholangiography.
      The objective is to summarize concisely the important contemporary viewpoints as
      an aid to students of radiology. To the practicing radiologist, it may offer a
      concise review of the subject and facilitate upgrading operative cholangiography
      in his hospital. The introduction covers statistical evidence of the growing
      dependence of biliary tract surgeons on operative cholangiography. The rudiments
      of diagnoses of the various diseases that can be detected by operative
      cholangiography are presented. Pertinent clinical facts along with
      cholangiographic diagrams are presented under arbitrary sections: I. Stones; II.
      Anomalies; III. Other Diseases; IV. Techniques of Operative Visualization of the
      Biliary System.

PMID- 176010
TI  - Signal transfer from hormone receptor to adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 176011
TI  - Regulation of the glycogen phosphorylase system--from physical measurements to
      biological speculations.

PMID- 176012
TI  - Isolated adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency: a case report.

PMID- 176013
TI  - Ultrastructural surface alterations of serratia marcescens after exposure to
      polymyxin B and/or fresh human serum.
AB  - Exposure of Serratia marcescens cells to 10, 5, and 2.5 mug/ml of polymyxin B
      resulted in outer cell surface alterations that consisted of coarse, pleomorphic
      projections which revealed a double-contoured membrane structure. In contrast,
      fresh, but not heat-inactivated human serum caused the deposition of very fine,
      thread-like aggregates on the outer cell surface of exposed cells. The
      combination of polymyxin B and fresh human serum caused clearly discernible
      ultrastructural changes of the polymyxin and the fresh serum type, respectively.

PMID- 176014
TI  - Antiviral 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. II. Effects on cellular and viral RNA synthesis in
      Mengo-virus-infected FL cells.
AB  - Three antiviral 1,3,4-thiadiazoles caused, when incubated together with 3H
      uridine, a reduction of the incorporation rate into acid-insoluble material of FL
      cells. Using the method of prelabelling cellular RNA synthesis was not remarkably
      influenced. However, the substances tested act as specific inhibitors of the
      virus-induced RNA synthesis.

PMID- 176015
TI  - [Lumbosacral monoradicular syndromes with acquired pseudohypertrophy of a spinal
      root and ganglion].

PMID- 176016
TI  - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.
AB  - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is an uncommon disease of previously
      unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of gas-filled cysts in the walls
      of some portion of the gastrointestinal tract. This investigation showed that PCI
      was readily produced in the germfree rat by inoculating its peritoneal cavity
      with a pure culture of either C. perfringens or C. tertium. Similar inoculation
      of the germfree animal with any one of eight other clostridia species did not
      result in the formation of PCI. The bacterial theory for the formation of at
      least some cases of PCI is now established. This work suggests that part of the
      treatment of those fulminating diseases known to be frequently associated with
      PCI should be directed at controlling a possible clostridial infection.

PMID- 176017
TI  - Anal infections caused by herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Herpes simplex infections of the perianal skin and anal canal are not uncommon,
      as evidenced by the present series of 16 cases, but have rarely been reported in
      the literature of the past. They are caused by the HSV-2 virus, which is also
      associated with genital lesions. There is abundant evidence that anogenital
      herpes is a venereal disease. Anal herpes is most commonly transmitted by anal
      intercourse. When the infection is present inside the anal canal, especially in a
      primary attack, the pain can be quite dibilitating. The diagnosis can usually be
      made on clinical grounds by recognizing the typical vesicles or aphthous ulcers,
      together with inguinal lymphadenopathy. The disease is self-limiting, but may be
      recurrent. Asymptomatic homosexuals may represent a large reservoir of the
      disease, which appears to be on the increase in our society. Cytology,
      immunofluorescence, viral cultures and serologic tests can be used for laboratory
      confirmation of the diagnosis. Newer methods of treatment with vaccine containing
      heat-inactivated virus, and use of photoinactivation following topical
      application of heterotricyclic dyes, show promise.

PMID- 176018
TI  - [Effect of cyclAMP and acetylcholine on phosphoinositide metabolism in and
      resting potential of crab nerve fibers].

PMID- 176019
TI  - [Interaction of insulin with its receptors in muscles: specific binding of
      insulin-125I by isolated rat diaphragm].

PMID- 176020
TI  - [Activity of soluble and bound hexokinase in transplantable hepatomas of
      different degrees of malignancy, and in normal and regenerating mouse livers].

PMID- 176021
TI  - [Congenital cytomegalovirus infection after maternal renal transplantation
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A 34-year-old female gave birth to a 32 to 35 week-old girl one year after she
      had undergone renal transplantation. The child was dwarfed and microcephalic and
      also had congenital platelet deficiency and purpura. In addition it was anaemic
      and suffered from severe neonatal icterus. An initial hypogammaglobulinaemia
      disappeared except for low IgA levels. The immunoglobulin deficiency is probably
      correlated with the virologically and serologically proven cytomegalovirus
      infection. The incidence of this disease seems to be high in children of mothers
      with renal transplantations.

PMID- 176022
TI  - Unusual presentation of hepatoma.

PMID- 176023
TI  - [Plasma level and urinary excretion of adnosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cycl AMP) in
      normal subjects].

PMID- 176024
TI  - [Role of androgen-binding proteins in the hormonal control of spermatogenesis].

PMID- 176025
TI  - The influence of anerobiosis and nitrogen dioxide on the human erythrocyte.

PMID- 176026
TI  - Lipid peroxidation as one of the mechanisms of silica fibrogenicity? I. Study
      with erythrocytes.

PMID- 176027
TI  - Phase transitions in the membrane of a marine bacterium, Pseudomonas BAL-31.
AB  - An unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph, strain UFA, isolated from the marine
      pseudomonad Pseudomonas BAL-31, host cell of the lipid-containing bacteriophage
      PM2, was grown in media supplemented with different unsaturated fatty acids.
      Under these conditions the fatty acid composition of the cell could be altered
      drastically. The phase transition in the native membrane and in the extracted
      lipids was analyzed by electron spin resonance using a nitroxide spin probe.
      Membranes prepared from strain UFA grown in cis16:1 or trans16:1 showed one
      transition at 9.4 degrees C and 12.4 degrees C respectively. Extracted lipids in
      both cases had almost the same transition temperature as that of the intact
      membrane. Membranes prepared from Pseudomonas BAL-31 had one transition at
      approximately 12 degrees C, on the other hand there was no clear cut phase
      transition using extracted lipids. Replication of bacteriophage PM2 took place
      below the transition temperature of the membrane lipids in the case where strain
      UFA was grown in tran16:1. Other cases were not studied.

PMID- 176028
TI  - Norepinephrine-induced shift in levels of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and ATP
      parallel to increased respiratory rate and lipolysis in isolated hamster brown
      fat cells.
AB  - 1. Isolated brown fat cells from hamster respond to added catecholamines with a
      temporary increase in respiratory rate and an extended lipolysis. 2. From
      experiments with catecholamines and alpha and beta-blockers, the receptors of
      these cells are classified as beta according to classical definition. 3.
      Norepinephrine induces a rapid increase in adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels
      which parallels in time the stimulated respiration. Maximal adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate levels are reached within 1-3 min and are followed by a continuous
      decline. 4. Parallel to the catecholamine-induced respiration and lipolysis there
      is a pronounced drop in ATP levels. This energy depletion could be reversed by
      addition within 5 min after norepinephrine of the beta-blocker propranolol. 5.
      The nucleotide pattern in isolated hamster brown fat cells after norepinephrine
      addition was mimicked in experiments with isolated hamster brown fat
      mitochondria. From these experiments it is concluded that a high ratio of AMP and
      ADP over ATP decreases the respiratory rate when endogenous free fatty acids are
      oxidized.

PMID- 176029
TI  - Alterations in the deoxyadenylate regions of the DNA from four human breast
      tumors.

PMID- 176030
TI  - Preliminary pharmacological studies with 1,6-dimesyl-2,3-4,5-dianhydro-L-iditol
      in patients with cancer.

PMID- 176031
TI  - Non-bacterial infections associated with neoplastic disease.

PMID- 176032
TI  - Modifications in the release of rat growth hormone in vitro and the morphology of
      rat anterior pituitaries incubated in various ionophores.
AB  - The ionophore A23187 increased the release of rat growth hormone in the presence
      of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; a second ionophore
      X537A inhibited growth hormone release induced by the methylxanthine. A23187 did
      not alter rat growth hormone release in the absence of 3-isobutyl-1
      methylxanthine, but X537A enhanced hormone release in the absence of calcium or
      in the presence or somatostatin. These findings provide further evidence that
      both calcium and cyclic AMP are important in the regulation of growth hormone
      release. Tissue incubated in X537A combined electronlucent vesicles apparently
      derived from the Golgi apparatus, swollen granules and mitochondria with dense
      matrices. Tissue incubated in the presence of valinomycin or A23187 did not show
      altered morphology of either secretory granules or the Golgi complex. Possible
      mechanisms of these changes are discussed.

PMID- 176033
TI  - Human adipose tissue in culture. IV. Evidence for the formation of a hormone
      antagonist by catecholamines.
AB  - Explants of human adipose tissue were cultured for several days with
      noradrenaline (NA). After the culture period the explants were carefully washed,
      preincubated and then incubated for 2 h by a technique analogous to those
      generally used to study adipose tissue metabolism. The results show that explants
      cultured with NA were considerably less responsive to the acute lipolytic effect
      of catecholamines than explants not previously exposed to NA. The diminished
      responsiveness could not be reversed by the addition of phentolamine or by
      preincubating the explants with a prostaglandin antagonist and it was dependent
      upon the concentration of noradrenaline used in the culture medium as well as
      upon the period of time that the explants were exposed to the hormone. The cyclic
      AMP (cAMP) levels did not increase in response to NA in these explants. Addition
      of theophylline or dibutyryl cAMP elicited a lipolytic response. However, the
      phosphodiesterase levels were not increased in the explants cultured with
      noradrenaline. When freshly excised tissue specimens were incubated in the
      culture medium which had previously contained NA the acute lipolytic effect of
      catecholamines was blunted. The results indicate that an antagonist is formed
      during the incubation with NA which inhibits the responsiveness to
      catecholamines.  The effect of the antagonist seems to be exerted at a step prior
      to the formation of cAMP.

PMID- 176034
TI  - Effect on plasma aldosterone, renin activity and cortisol of acute volume
      depletion induced by ethacrynic acid under constant infusion of angiotensin II
      and dexamethasone in man.
AB  - The influence on plasma aldosterone of acute volume depletion induced by
      ethacrynic acid was studied in man. The experiments were performed during the
      morning in supine healthy males receiving a control infusion of 5% glucose or an
      infusion of angiotensin II (AII) to suppress endogenous renin production or an
      infusion of dexamethasone to suppress endogenous ACTH. Ethacrynic acid induced in
      all circumstances a similar diuresis and volume depletion. The rise of plasma
      renin activity (PRA) was effectively suppressed by AII and the rise of plasma
      cortisol by dexamethasone. Plasma aldosterone (PA) rose markedly even when the
      elevation of PRA or cortisol were suppressed. Yet when both endogenous renin and
      ACTH secretion were blocked, PA rose much less after ethacrynic acid. This
      residual increase could be attributed mainly to a decrease of the metabolic
      clearance rate (MCR) of aldosterone which had been measured before and after
      ethacrynic acid administration. The data presented indicate that multiple factors
      influencing PA after acute volume depletion could be dissected out and that
      renin, ACTH and a decrease of the MCR each contribute to the elevation of PA.

PMID- 176035
TI  - The pharmacological actions of some polymethylene-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-dimethyl
      ammonium compounds on cholinergic transmission.
AB  - Some polymethylene-bis-(hydroxyethyl)-dimethyl-ammonium (dicholine) compounds
      containing from 7 to 10 methylene groups between the quaternary nitrogen atoms,
      have been studied for activity at various sites of cholinergic transmission. The
      post-junctional activity of the compounds was investigated on the frog rectus
      abdominis muscle. Small doses of C8-, C9-, and C10-dicholine potentiated ACh
      contractions, however larger doses of all the dicholine compounds blocked the
      nicotinic receptor sites of the frog rectus muscle. The dicholine compounds
      blocked neuromuscular transmission in the rat phrenic nerve diaphragm. These
      actions at the rat neuromuscular junction are compared with the purely post
      junctional actions on the frog rectus muscle. Although the compounds exert
      anticholinesterase activity in vitro it is suggested that this effect plays
      little part in the action of the drugs at the neuromuscular junction. It is
      concluded that the dicholine compounds have both pre- and post-junctional
      activity at the neuromuscular junction. The dicholine compounds are acetylated at
      varying rates by partially purified choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) although all
      are acetylated less readily than choline. The rate of acetylation of the
      dicholine compounds by ChAc parallels their activity in blocking neuromuscular
      transmission and it is suggested that other quaternary ammonium compounds
      containing hydroxyl or hydroxyethyl groupings may be acetylated by ChAc and this
      may affect their blocking action at the neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 176036
TI  - Effects of methylxanthines and imidazole on the contractions of guinea-pig ileum
      induced by transmural stimulation.
AB  - Methylxanthines (10(-5) to 10(-3)M) were found to increase the amplitude of
      contractions of guinea-pig ileum induced by transmural stimulation but to inhibit
      those induced by acetylcholine or histamine. The order of the abilities of
      methylxanthines to augment the contractile responses was theobromine greater than
      caffeine greater than theophylline. When the contractions were completely
      suppressed by reduction of the calcium content in the medium or by addition of
      cyclic AMP, methylxanthines restored the responses effectively, just as does
      addition of calcium. Methylxanthines also accelerated the release of
      acetylcholine from the ileum associated with stimulation. Imidazole (3 X 10(-5)
      to 10(-3) M) had an essentially similar effect to methylxanthines in potentiating
      the contractile responses and in augmenting the release of acetylcholine. The
      present results indicate that the potentiating effects of methylxanthines and
      imidazole are due to an action on the nerve terminals, not on the postsynaptic
      membranes or contractile elements. Therefore, it si concluded that theit
      potentiating actions are due to facilitation of the movement of calcium in the
      nerve terminals on excitation, resulting in increased release of acetylcholine,
      and are not due to the effect of cyclic AMP formed as a result of their
      inhibitory actions on phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 176037
TI  - [Toxicologic and pharmacologic study of tributyltin oxide (TBTO)].
AB  - Toxicological study on bis-(tributyl-tin) oxyde shows a delayed toxicity of this
      compound in acute experiments. The same result is obtained in sub-chronic study.
      Most of the animals die after a great loss of weight. In pharmacological study,
      T. B. T. O. depresses central nervous system, but his action on ortho and
      parasympathetic system is slight and non specific. In rat, rabbit and dog, the
      effect is a fall in blood pressure that result from a depression of the vascular
      smooth muscle. The death of the animal is due to respiratory arrest by a central
      mechanism.

PMID- 176038
TI  - [The irritant and allergenic action of two isocyanates: toluene diisocyanate
      (TDI) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)].
AB  - This is a study on the irritant capacity of two isocyanates (T. D. I. Toluene
      diisocyanate and M. D. I. diphenyl methane diisocyanate). The experiment was
      carried out on the hide and ocular mucous membrane of albino rabbits, using
      Draize method as well as the method for appraising cosmetics. An
      histopathological examination of the evolution of the lesions was then achieved
      together with a study on the delayed allergenic capacity. This study was carried
      out on albino guinea-pig hides using Kligman and Magnusson technique. In these
      experimental conditions, the conclusions were the following:--on rabbit hide, T.
      D. I. is a medium irritant, more caustic than M. D. I.,--on ocular mucous
      membrane, M. D. I. is a mild irritant; T. D. I. a strong one,--on guinea-pig
      hide, T. D. I. and M. D. I. may induce cutaneous sensitivity similar to contact
      allergy. Their allergenic capacity is long lasting but varies according to the
      allergen concentration.

PMID- 176039
TI  - [Binding of delta-8-THC to human serum proteins: binding as a function of
      lipoprotein composition].
AB  - In accordance with the function of the human lipoprotein composition, using serum
      of different lipid profiles, the distribution of delta8tetrahydrocannabinol, as
      isomer of delta9THC, was studied through the use of ultracentrifugation and
      fraction isolation, followed by biochemical analysis of the VLDL, LDL, and HDL
      fractions, as well as that of the non-lipoprotein protein fraction. The results
      indicate the existence of a linear correlation between the distribution of
      delta8THC and the phospholipids of the lipoprotein cenapse. No correlation
      between the quantity of bound delta8THC and the other lipoprotein constituents
      cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids or protein could be observed.

PMID- 176040
TI  - Role of silicon in diatom metabolism. VII. Silicic acid-stimulated DNA synthesis
      in toluene-permeabilized cells of Cylindrotheca fusiformis.

PMID- 176041
TI  - Mitochondrial regulation in sea urchins. I. Mitochondrial ultrastructure
      transformations and changes in the ADP:ATP ratio at fertilization.

PMID- 176042
TI  - Cell density dependent regulation of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in
      hepatoma cells. Evidence for both an active and inactive enzyme form.

PMID- 176043
TI  - Biochemical aspects of the visual process. XXX. Distribution of stereospecific
      retinol dehydrogenase activities in subcellular fractions of bovine retina and
      pigment epithelium.

PMID- 176044
TI  - Lipids in tissues of the eye XI. Synthesis of sphingomyelin in the calf lens.

PMID- 176045
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis cells:
      antidromic and synaptic activation.
AB  - Antidromically and synaptically activated spike and synaptic potentials in the
      nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) of the cat were recorded
      intracellularly. The antidromic firing of the NRTP neurone is composed of IS-SD
      spikes with short duration and short spike-after-hyperpolarization. Membrane
      resistance and firing patterns were studied by applying depolarizing and
      hyperpolarizing current through the recording electrode. Findings indicate that
      the NRTP neurone has a relatively high membrane resistance and is capable of
      firing at a high frequency. Single shock stimulation of the interpositus (IP) and
      lateral nucleus (LN) of the cerebellum, brachium conjunctivum (BC), red nucleus
      (RN) and cerebral peduncle (CP) induced monosynaptic EPSPs in the NRTP neurones.
      Superior vestibular nucleus (SVN) stimulation induced monosynaptic IPSPs.
      Collision tests showed that (1) NRTP neurones are activated by the axons of IP
      and LN neurones which travel through BC, (2) these axons also send collaterals to
      RN, and (3) there is convergence of cerebellar, cerebral and brain stem inputs to
      a single NRTP neurone.

PMID- 176046
TI  - Changes in excitability of the theta activity generating substrate by ACTH 4-10
      in the rat.
AB  - The present experiments tested the sensitivity of theta activity to ACTH 4-10 a
      peptide known to facilitate the maintenance of conditioned behaviors. Hippocampal
      theta activity was induced by electrical stimulation of the reticular formation
      in freely moving rats. The administration of ACTH 4-10 produced a typical 0.5 c/s
      shift indominant frequency and an increase in 7.5-9.0 c/s components of induced
      theta activity. The effects were maximal between 60-120 min after subcutaneous
      injection and lasted several hours. The fact, that a similar effect could be
      obtained by an increase in stimulus intensity suggests an elevated excitability
      in the theta generating system in the presence of the peptide. The possible
      significance of this finding for the maintenance of learned behavior is
      discussed.

PMID- 176047
TI  - The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat. IV. Activation from dorsal funiculus
      and trigeminal afferents.
AB  - 1. The activation of neurones in the mLRN (major portion of lateral reticular
      nucleus comprising its parvi- and magnocellular parts) be a spinal path ascending
      in the dorsal funiculus (DF) and by trigeminal afferents has been studied. 2.
      Stimulation of the DF at C3 activated about one half of the mLRN neurones. The
      latencies were 2-28 ms. In experiments with the spinal cord interrupted at C3
      except for the DF it was shown that cutaneous and high threshold muscle afferents
      in mainly forelimb nerves were effective. The latencies of the responses to nerve
      stimulation were 8-27 ms. 3. Stimulation of trigeminal afferents evoked a
      response in about one third of the mLRN neurones. The latencies were 2-27 ms. 4.
      Activation from the DF- and trigeminal paths occurred often in the same mLRN
      neurones and the neurones activated from the two paths had a similar location in
      the nucleus and a similar termination in the cerebellar cortex. 5. The DF- and
      trigeminal paths had similar properties. Activation was evoked from both
      ipsilateral and contralateral nerves. Fast adapting hair receptors were commonly
      effective. 6. Evidence is presented indicating that the DF- and trigeminal paths
      share a common final path to the mLRN neurones which is formed by brain stem
      interneurones intercalated between the DF- and trigeminal nuclei and the mLRN. It
      is suggested that these interneurones represent a supraspinal motor centre. 7.
      Activation from the DF- and trigeminal paths occurred with unequal frequency
      among groups of mLRN neurones activated from different spinal paths ascending in
      the ipsilateral lateral funiculus (cf. Clendenin et al., 1974a).

PMID- 176049
TI  - Somatic reflex response-reversal of reticular origin.

PMID- 176050
TI  - Interactions between thalamus and cortex in experimental epilepsy in the cat.

PMID- 176048
TI  - The effect of morphine on the activity evoked in ventrolateral tract axons of the
      cat spinal cord.
AB  - The effect of morphine on the activity in ventrolateral tract axons was studied
      in intercollicularly decerebrate cats with and without spinal section. Activity
      was elicited by electrical stimulation of Adelta- and C-fibres in the sural
      nerves. In spinal animals, morphine injected intravenously in a dose as low as
      0.5 mg/kg reduced the post-stimulus discharge of impulses recorded in
      ventrolateral tract axons below the site of transection. The depression was not
      only abolished but reversed by levallorphan and naloxone. Pretreatment with
      reserpine did not diminish the effect of morphine. The effect of morphine was
      considerably weaker in decerebrate cats. Reversible block of the spinal cord
      produced by cold revealed that morphine reduced inhibition from the brain stem
      controlling the impulse transmission to ventrolateral tract axons. It is
      concluded that a spinal effect contributes to the analgesic action of morphine.

PMID- 176051
TI  - Fiber size spectra and cyclic AMP content of sciatic nerves: effect of muscle
      hypoactivity and hyperactivity.

PMID- 176052
TI  - Degenerative changes in mouse sciatic nerves: electrophoretic and
      electrophysiologic characterizations.

PMID- 176053
TI  - PO2 recorded in the amygdaloid complex during the sleep-waking cycle of the cat.

PMID- 176054
TI  - Fasciola hepatica: ultrastructure and histochemistry of the glycocalyx of the
      tegument.

PMID- 176055
TI  - Does an inhibitor of mitochondrial adenylate kinase also affect oxidative
      phosphorylation?
AB  - Adenylate kinase activity of intact mitochondria is strongly inhibited by Ap5A,
      i.e. p1,p5-Di (adenosine-5') pentaphosphate, whereas oxidative phosphorylation is
      not affected. Therefore, Ap5A is a useful tool to distinguish between oxidative
      and non oxidative ATP generating reactions.

PMID- 176056
TI  - Effect of cyclic AMP and theophylline on phagocytotic activity of Tetrahymena
      pyriformis.
AB  - Dibutyril cAMP and the cPDE-inhibitor theophylline both enhance the phagocytotic
      activity of Tetrahymena. Theophylline and cAMP-activating histamine are
      synergistic. It follows that the cAMP-adenylcyclase system functions in the
      unicellular animal Tetrahymena.

PMID- 176057
TI  - Preparation of isolated single cardiac cells from adult frog atrial tissue.
AB  - Isolated cardiac cells from bullfrog atrial tissue can be readily prepared by
      digestion of intact fragments of atrial tissue with trypsin and collagenase.
      These isolated cells have dimensions of about 5 mum in width and range in length
      from 300 mum to over 500 mum. Such isolated cells may prove useful for the
      investigation of contractile activity of cardiac muscle at the single cell level
      and at the sarcomere level within the single cell.

PMID- 176058
TI  - Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in rats paw edema by prostaglandins.

PMID- 176059
TI  - Diphasic action of the aliphatic amide, HOE 17879, on hepatic microsomal drug
      metabolizing enzymes in the mouse.

PMID- 176060
TI  - Depressor effect of synthetic peptides related to ACTH on blood pressure in rats.

PMID- 176061
TI  - Ultrastructure of Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma).

PMID- 176063
TI  - Copurification of choline kinase and ethanolamine kinase from rat liver by
      affinity chromatography.

PMID- 176062
TI  - [Influence of lithium chloride on lipid metabolism].
AB  - Lithium chloride was injected subcutaneously to mice (in amounts of 500 and 300
      mg/kg) once a day for 10 and 15 days, and to rabbits in single doses via a tube
      into the stomach (in amounts of 400 and 850 mg/kg). After different time
      intervals following a single or course-wise administration of the compound the
      level of total lipids was determined in the muscles and liver of the mice, and of
      the total lipids, beta-lipoproteins, phospholipids, cholesterol, fatty acids and
      11-oxycorticosteroids levels in the blood serum of rabbits and of the bile acids
      content in the vesical bile of these animals. Hyperlipemia that developed under
      the effect of lithium was caused by mobilization of fat from fat depots and by
      deranged interstitial lipids metabolism.

PMID- 176064
TI  - EPR spectra of Fe(III)-superoxide dismutase with special reference to the
      electron spin relaxation time of Fe(III).

PMID- 176065
TI  - [New aspects of the physiology of bile secretion].

PMID- 176066
TI  - [Several results and prospects for studies of the basal ganglia].

PMID- 176068
TI  - [Biochemical correlates of functional features of visual cortex neurons].
AB  - Changes of protein concentration and of different metabolic ferments activity
      were studied in the rabbit visual cortex after visual deprivation. Two groups of
      neurons with different sensitivity to visual deprivation were found. The less
      sensitive are supposed to have an additional source of activation. These findings
      corroborate the microelectrode data showing that the activity of about 40% of the
      visual cortex neurons are modulated by a different nonvisual stimulus.

PMID- 176067
TI  - [Cerebral electrical activity in experimental tuberculous intoxication under
      conditions of prolonged administration of streptomycin combined with ACTH and
      injections of placental extract].

PMID- 176069
TI  - [Antidromic identification of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells which participate
      in the anterior pituitary control (author's transl)].
AB  - Attempts were made to identify hypothalamic neurosecretory cells which
      participate in the anterior pituitary control with a special reference to the
      effects of ovarian hormones. Wave forms of the antidromically activated action
      potentials in the hypothalamus were investigated in the female rats of Wistar
      strain. The animals of different endocrinological environments, that is,
      proestrus and diestrus-I of 4-day cyclers; ovariectomized, ovariectomized and
      estrogen primed, ovariectomized and progesterone primed, were used. The
      operational procedures were performed under light urethane anesthesia. Different
      two types of craniotomy were adopted for the preparation. For recordings from the
      medial basal hypothalamus, the ventral surface of the brain was exposed by
      parapharyngeal approach, and a bipolar silver ball electrode for the application
      of electrical stimuli was placed on the surface of the median eminence (ME).
      Another method was used for recordings of the medical preoptic area (MPO) and the
      periventricular area of the MPO and the anterior hypothalamus (PVA). In the
      latter, the parietal surface of the brain was exposed and a side-by-side bipolar
      electrode for the stimulation was inserted to the arcuate (ARC-ME region. All the
      recordings were performed by using glass pipettes which were filled with 0.5 M
      sodium acetate solution. The solution was added with pontamine sky blue 6B to
      allow marking recording sites. Stimulatory pulses of 5 msec duration of variable
      intensity were generated by an electronic stimulator and applied by the above
      mentioned bipolar electrodes. The antidromic responses and the intensity of the
      stimuli were observed and photographed on a synchroscope. ...

PMID- 176070
TI  - [Further purification and immunohistological localization of human placental
      lactogen in syncytiotrophoblasts (author's transl)].
AB  - In 1936, Ehrhadt reported a prolactin-like substance which has been identified as
      a second protein hormone exists in extracted substance from the placenta. To date
      various reports have been published, but ther are still unsolved problems
      concerning the specifity of the substance, and its clinical significance is
      unclear. The purpose of this project was to purify and investigate the
      biochemical, immunological properties of HPL, and try to localize HPL secretion
      immunohistologically. The biological properties examined by intramuscular and
      intradermal pigeon crop sac reactions, both showed positive results. Biochemical
      properties were tested by 7.5% polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis and Free Fatty
      Acid mobilization. By these methods, the former showed a single band by
      electrophoresis with purified HPL 200 mug, and the latter showed a strong
      positive reaction both in vivo and in vitro. Immunological propert iese were
      examined by immunoelectrophoresis and the Ouchterlony method. In
      immunoelectrophoresis, the reaction of purified HPL 80 mug and anti-HPL serum
      resulted in a single strong zone. In constrast, anti-serum and HGH resulted in a
      weak zone of reaction. We confirmed that HGH cross reacts with our anti-HGH serum
      to HPL. The cross reaction of HGH with anti-HPL serum was reported by Josimovich
      et al, and other workers. In the Ouchterlony method, no precipitation line was
      detected between anti-HPL serum and 50-300 iu of HCG (PREGNYL). The results of
      investigating the localization of secritions of HPL immunohistologically, show
      that the specific fluorescence was limited to the strong reacting syncytial layer
      in the both the early chorionic villi of normal pregnancy and in the late stages
      of pregnancy. And the results of examining the localization with enzyme reactions
      with peroxdase from horseradish Type II, the reaction of benzidine brown was
      limited to the syncytial trophoblastic layer as in the case of FITC. These
      results suggests that the localization of the secretion of HPL exists in the
      syncytial layer of the chorionic villi.

PMID- 176071
TI  - Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in fetal and adult muscle of the rhesus
      monkey.

PMID- 176072
TI  - Myogenic defect in muscular dystrophy of the chicken.

PMID- 176073
TI  - The induction of filopodia in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum by
      cyclic adenosine monophosphate: mechanism of aggregation.

PMID- 176074
TI  - Separation of mouse spermatogenic cells by sedimentation velocity. A
      morphological characterization.

PMID- 176075
TI  - Studies on the action of nerve growth factor. III. Role of RNA and protein
      synthesis in the process of neurite outgrowth.

PMID- 176076
TI  - Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. IV. Genetic and environmental factors
      influencing the development of diabetes after infection with the M variant of
      encephalomyocarditis virus.
AB  - The M variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC) infects pancreatic beta cells
      and causes the development of a diabetic syndrome in susceptible strains of mice.
      By examining four F1 crosses of susceptible and resistant strains of mice, we
      found that the development of diabetes after infection was inherited as a
      recessive trait. Analysis of the data from the F2 generation indicated that more
      than one gene was involved in the development of EMC-diabetes. The severity and
      frequency of abnormal glucose levels in EMC-infected animals was markedly
      influenced by environmental factors.

PMID- 176078
TI  - Axyl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in Morris hepatoma 5123D.
AB  - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in Morris hepatoma 5123D is very low, but
      apparently increases by the administration of 3-methylcholanthrene, as
      demonstrated in the host liver, small intestine, and lung from the rats bearing
      this tumor. The peak level of the increased activity in tumor appears 48 hr after
      the initial administration when the repeated treatment is given intragastrically
      every 24 hr. 7,8-Benzoflavone increases the enzyme activity in tumor and lung,
      but not in liver and small intestine. Among the subcellular fractions of the
      tumor cells, induction of the enzyme by 3-methylcholanthrene was observed in
      microsomes and nuclei, and the increased level of the activity was higher in
      microsomes than in nuclei.

PMID- 176077
TI  - Influence of cell size on the effects of insulin and noradrenaline on human
      adipose tissue.
AB  - In the present study dose-response relationships of the effects of noradrenaline
      and insulin on fat cells of different sizes were performed. Adipose cells larger
      than 100 mum were more responsive (expressed as absolute effects) to the
      lipolytic action of noradrenaline as well as to the antilipolytic effect of
      insulin. This suggests that in the larger cells the capacity, i.e. the sum of
      factors contributing to the ability to stimulate or inhibit the metabolic rates,
      was greater than in the smaller ones. In contrast the sensitivity to these
      agents, i.e. the readiness to respond, was not different between small and large
      cells. It is shown that the concentrations of insulin needed to obtain an
      antilipolytic effect is far below that needed to stimulate glucose incorporation.
      This discrepancy in insulin concentrations required may be due to binding of
      insulin to receptors with different affinity.

PMID- 176079
TI  - Inhibition of multinucleation of cells treated with cytochalasin-B by cyclic
      dibutyryl-AMP.
AB  - Multinucleation of SV40-transformed mouse cells was induced by Cytochalasin-B as
      a result of inhibition of cytokinesis. Multinucleated cells with nuclei, whose
      number is other than that that can be obtained by raising the power of 2, were
      frequently observed. By simultaneous addition of Cytochalasin-B and cylic
      dibutyryl-AMP to SV40-transformad mouse cellls, multinucleation was fairly
      inhibited and the predominance of the cells with 2 or 4 nuclei was
      characteristic. In case of normal mouse cells (BALB/3T3), addition of both
      Cytochalasin-B and cyclic dibutyryl-AMP lessened the number of nucleic in a cell
      compared with treatment of the cells with Cytochalasin-B alone. These results
      suggested that cyclic dibutyryl-AMP inhibited multinucleation of cells treated
      with Cytochalasin-B and that the chemical regulated the division of nuclei in a
      cell to divide simultaneously.

PMID- 176080
TI  - Bicarbonate and cyclic AMP content of pure human pancreatic juice in response to
      graded doses of synthetic secretin.
AB  - In seven healthy volunteers pure pancreatic juice was obtained by endoscopic
      cannulation of the papilla of Vater. Synthetic secretin was intravenously infused
      in doses doubled every 20 min. The volume of pancreatic juice was proportional to
      the log of the secretin dose. A significant rise (P less than 0.05) in pancreatic
      juice flow was elicited at a dose as low as 8.05 ng per kg per hr. Maximum flow
      rate approximating 250 mul per 5 min per kg of body weight was attained during
      infusion of 129 ng per kg per hr. At the same dose maximal bicarbonate outputs
      averaging 383 muEq per hr per kg of body weight were obtained, whereas
      bicarbonate ion concentration approached peak values (135 +/- 9 muEq per ml) at
      32.2 ng per kg per hr. Bicarbonate concentrations showed a tendency to fall at
      supramaximal doses. The effect of increasing secretin doses on bicarbonate and
      cyclic AMP concentrations was remarkably similar (rs = 0.635, P less than 0.001)
      suggesting the participation of cyclic AMP in human pancreatic bicarbonate
      secretion.

PMID- 176081
TI  - Cyclic AMP in secretin choleresis. Evidence for a regulatory role in man and
      baboons but not in dogs.
AB  - Cyclic AMP output in the bile in response to intravenous secretin was measured in
      11 patients, 12 baboons, and 15 dogs. Secretin was given to patients with bile
      drainage tubes as an intravenous bolus (1 U per kg). In baboons and dogs both
      secretin infusion (4 U per kg per hr) and bolus injection (1 U per kg) were used.
      In baboons cyclic AMP was also determined in liver, extrahepatic duct tissue, and
      in perfusate from isolated segments of extrahepatic bile ducts. Secretin induced
      a marked choleresis in all three species. In humans, biliary cyclic AMP
      concentration increased an average (+/- 1 SE) of 68% +/- 12% and in baboons 4
      fold, but no increase occurred in dogs. In baboons, cyclic AMP concentration
      increased in both bile duct tissue and perfusate from isolated bile ducts
      concomitant with secretin choleresis, but not in liver. In humans the choleretic
      effects of sodium dehydrocholate, aminophylline, and glucagon were compared to
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcyclic AMP). All agents increased bile flow 2- to 3-fold.
      Cyclic AMP concentration in bile markedly increased after glucagon and DBcyclic
      AMP but not after sodium dehydrocholate and aminophylline. We conclude that
      cyclic AMP is implicated in secretin choleresis in both humans and baboons, but
      not in dogs. The bile duct appears to be the site of cyclic AMP elaboration
      induced by secretin in baboons and probably is also in man.

PMID- 176083
TI  - [Present problems of somatic cell genetics].
AB  - A review of recent advances in genetics of somatic cells is given in the article.
      It contains three sections: 1) hybridization of somatic cells and its application
      to the mapping of genes and to the study of gene action; 2) relation of somatic
      cell genetics to genetic engineerings; 3) progress and perspectives of higher
      plant somatic cell genetics.

PMID- 176082
TI  - Effects of cholera enterotoxin, glucagon, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on rat liver
      alkaline phosphatase, bile flow, and bile composition.
AB  - Cholera enterotoxin, 45 mug per 250 g body weight, administered intravenously to
      rats, caused a 6-fold rise in the activity of liver alkaline phosphatase in 12
      hr. There was no change in bile volume or in the concentration or total bile
      content of Na+, K+, HCO3-, or Cl- for 36 hr after the administration of cholera
      toxin. However, bile phospholipid output fell markedly from a control level of
      15.0 +/- 1.0 mumol per 6 hr to a low level of 4.0 +/- 1.2 mumol per 6 hr in the
      12- to 18-hr collection, P less than 0.001. There was a similar fall in bile acid
      secretion, from a control value of 9.8 +/- 0.4 mumol per 6 hr to 4.1 +/- 0.9
      mumol in the 12- to 18-hr period, P less than 0.01. The cholera effect was
      prolonged. Bile acid and phospholipid secretion rates did not return to control
      values until 30 to 36 hr after the administration of cholera enterotoxin. The
      cholera toxin-induced reductions in bile acid and phospholipid secretion into
      bile did not appear to be mediated by adenyl cyclase or cyclic AMP because
      neither glucagon, a known stimulator of liver adenyl cyclase, nor dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP had any effect on the secretion into bile of bile acids or
      phospholipid. The administration of cholera toxin was not associated with any
      increase in the secretion of free choline into bile. Glucagon and dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP, two other substances known to increase the activity of rat liver
      alkaline phosphatase, also had no stimulatory effect on the secretion of free
      choline into bile. The results do not support the hypothesis that the main
      function of rat liver alkaline phosphatase is to facilitate the excretion of free
      choline into bile.

PMID- 176084
TI  - [Composition of the dust at the "Mir" and "Internatsional'naia" pipe quarries].

PMID- 176085
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course of coniotuberculosis of the intrathoracic
      lymph nodes in persons subjected to the occupational action of a quartz
      containing dust].

PMID- 176086
TI  - [Effect of E-1 and F-2 alpha prostaglandins on the activity of phosphodiesterase
      in rat myometrium].

PMID- 176087
TI  - [A case of endogenous familial hereditary malformation of both hands].
AB  - A case of congenital malformation of both hands in a 22 year old television
      technician, who otherwise showed no abnormalities, is reported. In his case, a
      familiar incidence was observed constantly in all males for a period of nearly
      200 years. The morphological picture of this malformation is as follows: left
      hand: postaxial oligodactyly with a cutaneous syndactyly of the third and fourth
      fingers accompanied by a V-shaped os metacarpale and a synostosis of the os
      triquetrum, os lunatum and possibly of the os pisiforme right hand: postaxial
      oligodactyly with an accessory hypoplastic third finger on the ulnar side with a
      common base of the proximal phalanx which was enlarged at the end and shorter
      than the others (symbrachybasophalanx). Os multangulum minus and os capitatum as
      well as os triquetrum and possibly also the os pisiforme showed a synostosis.
      Subjective symptomatology and further clinical investigations (Phonocardiogramm)
      revealed an associated heart disease. This kind of malformation of both hands is
      transmitted inclompletely only in males.

PMID- 176088
TI  - [Preliminary report on the follow-up examination of 101 surgical cases of
      syndactylia].
AB  - A review of 48 patients in whom 101 syndactyly separations were performed between
      1963 and 1972 is reported with the peaks of frequency of the inital operation
      (being in early infancy, and just before entering school). Different surgical
      techniques were used for restoration of the web space, with the two-flap
      technique of ZELLER most often used. About 60% of the fingers were separated by
      longitudinal incisions with the remaining 40% with zig-zag incisions. Of the skin
      grafts, about two-thirds showed excellent cosmetic appearance with the remaining
      third showing evidence of hyperpigmentation. Digital abduction was measured and
      approximated the spread seen in normal children.

PMID- 176089
TI  - Interactions between bovine respiratory secretion and parainfluenza-3 virus.

PMID- 176090
TI  - Dose-response study of the carcinogenicity of dietary sodium nitrite and
      morpholine in rats and hamsters.

PMID- 176091
TI  - Metabolism and elimination of alpha-hydroxyethane sulphonate by rats.

PMID- 176092
TI  - Factors affecting the natural incidence of hepatoma in mice.

PMID- 176093
TI  - Efficiency and limitations of angiography in diseases of the pancreas.

PMID- 176094
TI  - [A comparison of xero-tomography of the lung hilum with conventional tomography
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Because of its particular photoelectric properties, xero-tomography is
      particularly suited for the investigation of abnormalities in the hilar regions.
      It is superior to conventional tomography because of the improved edge contrast,
      which emphasises details of relatively non-opaque structures, and because of its
      high exposure latitude. This justifies its use despite the higher radiation dose
      that is necessary. The demonstration of relatively dense and of more transradient
      tissues on the same picture by xero-tomography, and the ability to read it by
      ordinary light, makes it less tiring to interpret than the translucencies of
      conventional radiographs.

PMID- 176095
TI  - Bone scanning with 99m-Tc-phosphates: a comparison and problems in the detection
      of tumor metastasis.
AB  - A comparative study on 99m-Tc-phosphate compounds (TcPP) in detecting tumor
      metastasis to bone and problems accompanying it are reported. TcPP revealed
      metastatic foci which are unrecognized by conventional bone survey. To recognize
      these foci, exclusion of following problems is necessary: Accumulation at front
      of neck, asymmetrical image of joint, increased bone density of the aged, Tc
      photon absorption and radiotherapy effect. The mechanism of TcPP accumulation is
      discussed.

PMID- 176096
TI  - [Angiographic findings of a mixed angiodysplasia (Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber
      syndrome) associated with choanal atresia (author's transl)].
AB  - The angiographic, phlebographic and lymphographic findings in a 3-year old girl
      with mixed angiodysplasia (Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome) combined with
      unilateral congenital choanal atresia are described.

PMID- 176097
TI  - [Percutaneous recanalisation of chronic arterial occlusions (Dotter principle)
      with a new double lumen dilatation catheter (author's transl)].
AB  - A modification of Dotter's transluminal recanalisation of stenoses and occlusions
      of the superficial femoral artery, and of stenoses of the iliac artery, is
      described. In this procedure the occluding material is compressed not by
      successive catheters, but by a catheter with a dilatable cover. This catheter
      consisted originally of a single lumen, but now has double lumen; one lumen
      accomodates contrast, or a guide wire or a stiff cannula, whereas the second
      lumen is used for filling the cover and the expandable segment. The procedure is
      described in detail. Results so far appear satisfactory; they are compared with
      the results which have been obtained during the last year with the single lumen
      catheter.

PMID- 176098
TI  - [Hypoglycemia. 3. Hypoglycemias caused by defined metabolic defects; hormonal
      regulation of blood glucose concentration and its disorders].

PMID- 176100
TI  - [Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome --a case study].

PMID- 176099
TI  - ["Cluster"-headache (Bing-Horton syndrome?)].

PMID- 176101
TI  - [Mode of fatty acid synthesis in rat liver mitochondria (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to clarify the mode of fatty acid synthesis in rat liver mitochondria,
      metabolism of labeled fatty acid was examined after portal and intraperitoneal
      administration of several labeled fatty acids. 1) After portal administration of
      palmitic acid-1-14C, alpha, beta-mono-unsaturated fatty acid (C18:1) was
      synthesized as a result of chain elongation by addition of endogenous C2 compound
      20 min. after injection. 2) Similarly, after lauric acid-1-14C injection,
      myristic acid (C14) and palmitic acid (C16) were found 20 min. after injection
      and even C18:2 was detected 30 min. after injection. 3) Following intraperitoneal
      administration of lauric acid-1-14C, the appearance of palmitic acid (C16) was
      confirmed in inner mitochondrial membranes 60 min. after injection. From the
      analysis of intramolecular distribution of labeled carbon, it is surmised that
      lauric acid is first decomposed into C2 fragments which then are used for the
      chain elongation.

PMID- 176102
TI  - [Fractionation of inner and outer mitochondrial membranes in rat liver (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Mitochondrial membranes of rat liver were fractionated into inner and outer
      membranes by osmotic shock. Purity of the inner and outer membrane subfractions
      was examined by estimating marker enzyme activities of succinate-cytochrome c
      reductase and monoamine oxidase, respectively. Monoamine oxidase activity in the
      outer membrane subfraction was found to be 21.90 mmumoles of benzaldehyde
      produced/min./mg. protein and 1.57 mmumoles in the inner membranes, whereas
      succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity was 13.4 and 33.0 mmumoles/min./mg.
      protein, respectively. These results indicate higher purity of each membrane
      fraction obtained.

PMID- 176103
TI  - Investigations on isolated islets of Langerhans in vitro. Influence of
      temperature changes during preparation on some parameters of insulin metabolism.
AB  - Pancreatic islets of Wistar rats were prepared by digestion with collagenase and
      then washed and isolated at three different temperatures (4, 22 and 37 degrees
      C). The efficiency of washing with regard to proteolytic and collagenolytic
      activities in the wash buffer was not affected by the temperatures used. The
      islet thiol:protein-disulphide oxidoreductase activity (EC 1.8.4.2) was
      apparently unchanged, whereas washing temperatures lower than 37 degrees C
      resulted in a diminished insulin content. The insulin secretion of islets,
      isolated at 4 degrees C, is reduced in response to glucose without changing the
      sigmoidal shape of dose-response curve.

PMID- 176104
TI  - Detection of absorption changes of pig heart muscle lactate dehydrogenase in the
      wavelength range between 260 nm and 320 nm on ternary complex formation with NAD
      and oxalate.

PMID- 176105
TI  - Effects of growth hormone on sleep-waking patterns in cats.

PMID- 176106
TI  - Contribution to the genetics of serum beta-lipoproteins in man. VIII. Linkage of
      the Ag h/i locus with the Ag x/y, Ag a1/d, Ag c/g, and Ag t/z loci.

PMID- 176107
TI  - Mechanism of aromatic hydroxylation : involvement of perhydroxyl radicals and
      semiquinones in hydroxylation of aromatic amino acids by a model system.

PMID- 176108
TI  - Effect of NADH on the activities of nitrate reductase and its inactivating
      enzyme.

PMID- 176109
TI  - Effect of aflatoxin B1 on adenyl cyclase and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase
      activities in rat liver and kidney.

PMID- 176110
TI  - Enzyme activities regulating adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate of buffalo,
      bull and goat spermatozoa.

PMID- 176111
TI  - A clinicopathological study of breast dysplasia with special reference to
      cellular enzymatic activity.

PMID- 176112
TI  - Activity of glucose-6-phosphatase & fructose-1,6-diphosphatase in mouse placenta.

PMID- 176113
TI  - Isopycnic density gradient profile of MuLV of strain ICRC.

PMID- 176114
TI  - On the antigenicity of phosphatidylinositolmannosides of Mycobacterium phlei ATCC
      354.

PMID- 176115
TI  - Long-term follow-up studies on herpes simplex antibodies in the course of
      cervical cancer. II. Antibodies to surface antigen of Herpes simplex virus
      infected cells.
AB  - In a serological follow-up of 88 women with active invasive cervical carcinoma,
      antibodies to membrane antigen of Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells were
      measured by the use of the mixed hemadsorption method. Sera were collected at the
      time of initial treatment and then at regular intervals. As controls, 85 healthy
      age-matched women and 70 patients suffering from other types of cancer were
      tested similarly. During the 6-to 60-month observation period 16 patients in the
      cervix carcinoma group died. The reactivity with membrane antigen of HSV-infected
      cells was positive in 71% of the cervical carcinoma patients, whereas the figure
      for the other cancer group was 27% and for the age-matched control group 27%. In
      the group of 16 patients who died, only 3 demonstrated antibodies against surface
      antigens of HSV-infected cells. In most cases radiation treatment of the tumor
      did not significantly alter the mixed hemadsorption titer but in 10 surviving
      patients there was a significant increase in reactivity as the tumor was treated;
      1 patient who had recurrence of her cancer lost reactivity in later sera. Among
      the 11 cervix carcinoma patients in stage I (by clinical definition carcinoma
      strictly confined to the cervix) all but one showed positive reaction against the
      surface antigen of HSV-infected cells; the patient lacking reactivity was the
      only one out of the 11 patients in stage I who had a recurrence of her cancer.
      The results confirm that low or missing antibody titers to membrane antigen of
      HSV-infected cells are of prognostic significance, and decreasing antibody titers
      to membrane antigens run parallel to the severity of the lesions. There was poor
      correlation between antibody titers against membrane antigens and neutralizing
      antibody titers.

PMID- 176116
TI  - Transformation-enhancing factor(s) produced by virus-transformed and established
      cells.
AB  - Chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and hamster BHK21 cells transformed by the Schmidt
      Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SR-RSV) release into the culture medium a
      factor or factors which enhance 2- to 7-fold the formation of transformed foci by
      chich embryo fibroblasts infected with the Bryan strain of RSV (B-RSV). The
      factor(s) also increase the number of foci failing to revert to normal phenotype
      at restrictive temperature (41 degrees C) in cultures infected with a temperature
      sensitive mutant (FU-19) of SR-RSV which is defective for transformation. The
      factor(s) is produced also by BHK21 cells transformed by other tumor viruses and
      by BHK21 cells passaged for a long time, but not by normal CEF, CEF transformed
      by B-RSV, CEF infected by FU-19 at 41 degrees C, normal hamster embryo
      fibroblasts, established but density-inhibited mouse fibroblasts, or BHK21 cells
      of early passages. The relative enhancement of the number of B-RSV foci can be
      more than 100-fold when the medium contains fetal calf serum which suppresses
      focus formation in controls. The focus-enhacing factor(s) appears to act after
      infection and has been termed, operationally, transformation-enhancing factor(s)
      or TEF. The factor produced by RS2/3 cells which enhances the formation of B-RSV
      foci is non-dialyzable and thermolabile, and is presumably a protein. Its
      molecular weight is between 10(5) and 2 X 10(5) daltons.

PMID- 176117
TI  - Kinetics of serum factors mediating blocking, unblocking and antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity in hamsters given isografts of para-7 tumor cells.
AB  - Sera collected at intervals after PARA-7 tumor-cell inoculation were monitored
      for blocking, unblocking, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
      using the microcytotoxicity test. Within 7 days after isografting, significant
      levels of blocking were demonstrated. This activity increased in parallel with
      tumor growth and reached a maximum at day 21. In contrast, the capacity of the
      sera to mediate ADCC was maximal at day 7, and no longer detectable at 3 weeks.
      Unblocking was not demonstrable in tumor-bearer sera. Further studies showed
      that, when the tumor was exicised, blocking activity fell rapidly while ADCC was
      elevated. Sera collected 7 days after surgery could neutralize the blocking
      activity of tumor-bearer sera. Significant levels of unblocking were still
      evident 10 weeks after surgery while ADCC had generally disappeared after 5
      weeks. These findings illustrate the complexity of the hamster's humoral immune
      response to tumor cells, and suggest that (1) the sequestering of antibody by
      circulating tumor antigen accounts for the demise of ADCC in tumor-bearer sera
      and the concomitant appearance of blocking activity; and (2) the serum factors
      mediating ADCC and unblocking differ.

PMID- 176118
TI  - Cell-killing by Epstein-Barr virus: analysis by colony inhibition procedure.
AB  - The P3HR-1 and B95-8 strains of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were cytocidal for EBV
      carrier human cell lines, as revealed by a colony inhibition procedure. The
      cytocidal activity was proportional to virus dose added. The cell killing was
      neutralized by anti-EBV antibody-positive but not -negative human sera. When the
      relative sensitivity to ultraviolet light of EBV activities was examined, the
      cytocidal actitivy was much more resistant than the viral infectivity as assayed
      by early antigen-forming activity (P3HR-1 virus) or leukocyte-transforming
      activity (B95-8 virus), but it closely paralleled the ability to adsorb to cells.

PMID- 176119
TI  - Characteristics of three strains of feline fibrosarcoma virus grown in cat and
      marmoset monkey cells.
AB  - Two strains of feline fibrosarcoma virus (ST-FeSV and GA-FeSV) were found to
      induce tumors in cats and marmosets, and to transform feline and marmoset cells
      in vitro after primary inoculation. A third strain (SM-FeSV) failed to induce
      tumors or transform marmoset cells after primary inoculation; however, when SM
      FeSV-injected marmoset cultures were passed 26 times in vitro, the cell cultures
      released infectious virus which transformed marmoset fibroblasts but still failed
      to induce tumors in marmosets. ST-FeSV induced mainly round-cell type
      transformation (r foci), GA-FeSV induced predominantly mixed round-fusiform cell
      type transformation (fr foci), and SM-FeSV induced r and fr type foci with a
      higher proportion of fusiform cells in the fr foci than seen with GA-FeSV.
      Transforming virus was obtained from r or mixed r/fr foci of ST-FeSV but not from
      fr foci; heat treatment changed the virus from producing almost exclusively r
      type foci to inducing an increased number of fr foci. Passage of FeSV in cat
      cells yielded viruses with a higher ratio of infectivity for feline vs marmoset
      cells, while passage of FeSV in marmoset cells yielded virus with a relatively
      higher infectivity ratio for marmoset cells; the three strains differed in the
      degree of change in the infectivity ratio. Despite the alteration of host range
      of SM-FeSV propagated in marmoset fibroblasts, the virus retained feline P-30
      antigen by CF and FA assays. Neutralization tests did not indicate but also did
      not exclude an alteration of the surface antigens of ST-FeSV or SM-FeSV
      propagated in marmoset fibroblasts. The alteration of the relative infectivity of
      FeSV during passage in marmoset cells may be due to: (1) the selection of a
      variant present in the original heterogenous uncloned population; (2) mutation;
      or (3) recombination with some marmoset genetic material, possibly an as yet
      unidentified endogenous marmoset virus.

PMID- 176121
TI  - Letter: Nuclear enzymes of NAD metabolism in mouse tissues after whole-body-x
      irradiation.

PMID- 176120
TI  - A radiometric method for predicting effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents in
      murine leprosy.
AB  - A simple radiometric method has been developed for evaluating the effect of drugs
      on the metabolism of M. lepraemurium. The method is based on the measurement of
      the 14CO2 produced through bacterial metabolism of acetate-U-14C. Seventeen drugs
      were tested: bacitracin, cephaloridine, chloramphenicol, cycloserine,
      dactinomycin, DDS, ethionamide, INH, kanamycin, methenamine mandelate,
      nitrofurantoin, oxacillin, polymyxin B, rifampicin, streptomycin,
      sulfadimethoxine and vancomycin. The drugs which caused most marked inhibition
      were chloramphenicol, INH, ethionamide and nitrofurantoin in order of increasing
      effectiveness. The radiometric study which is completed in 15 days permits direct
      study of the drug effect on the metabolism of M. lepraemurium and a more rapid
      screening of antileprosy drugs than has previously been possible. Currently,
      these observations are being extended to studies of the structure-activity
      relationships of antileprosy drugs and the metabolism and drug susceptibility of
      M. leprae in vitro.

PMID- 176122
TI  - Letter: Radiosensitivity of NAD glycohydrolase in the nuclear membrane of fast
      growing mouse liver.

PMID- 176124
TI  - Humoral host defense mechanisms against tumors.

PMID- 176123
TI  - Chemical carcinogenesis in the nervous system.

PMID- 176125
TI  - Selective breast carcinoma surgery. Is there a place for a less than radical
      mastectomy?

PMID- 176126
TI  - Benign neonatal tumors of the kidney.

PMID- 176127
TI  - [Treatment of Paget's disease using diphosphosphonates].

PMID- 176128
TI  - [Management of genetic metabolic diseases].

PMID- 176129
TI  - Immune host response to corneal grafts sensitized to herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Experiments were performed to study the fate of corneal grafts sensitized to
      herpes antigens when grafted to HSV-sensitized hosts. Nonsensitized grafts in
      systemically sensitized hosts remained clear, whereas all locally sensitized
      grafts in systemically sensitized hosts became opaque within ten days. The stroma
      showed severe lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration and neovascularization.
      One-half of the corneas from systemically sensitized hosts grafted to eyes
      previously infected opacified in an accelerated manner. Round cells were found in
      the stroma and endothelium. The histological reaction in both groups was similar
      to that found in the immune graft reaction even though the clinical picture was
      not typical (peripheral and progressive edema with a rejection line). The
      accelerated reaction was probably related to the presence of virus antigens in
      graft stroma and subepithelial areas of the graft. The significance of HSV
      sensitized donor tissue grafted onto HSV-sensitized hosts is discussed because of
      its possible implication in tissue transplantation.

PMID- 176131
TI  - A practical approach to tertiary prevention.

PMID- 176132
TI  - Proceedings: Macrophage adenyl cyclase tachyphylaxis-a new property of migration
      inhibitory factor.

PMID- 176130
TI  - Immunofluorescent detection of adenovirus antigen in epidemic
      keratoconjunctivitis.
AB  - An immunofluorescent technique was used to demonstrate soluble adenoviral
      antigens in epithelial cells on conjunctival scrapings of patients with epidemic
      keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). Conjunctival scrapings for immunofluorescence and
      viral isolation studies were performed on 79 patients suspected of having EKC or
      other acute follicular or papillary conjunctivitides. Of 41 patients with
      clinical findings consistent with a diagnosis of EKC and three patients with
      pharyngoconjunctional fever, 43 were positive by immunofluorescence. All 39
      patients with adenovirus isolation had positive immunofluorescence studies. The
      five remaining cases had other documented evidence of EKC. No false-positive
      responses were encountered in relation to the clinical diagnoses. The fluorescent
      staining was predominantly found in the cytoplasm. Speckled nuclear fluorescence
      was also noted. The cytoplasmic fluorescence is compatible with the adenovirus
      cellular replication cycle. The immunofluorescent technique was found to be a
      reliable, sensitive, specific, and rapid diagnostic technique for detection of
      group-reaction adenoviral antigens in conjunctival scrapings.

PMID- 176133
TI  - Proceedings: Consequences of the two-virus status of the natural mouse lymphatic
      leukemia viruses.

PMID- 176134
TI  - Proceedings: Cell-mediated anti-leukemic cell immunity in C57BL/6 mice injected
      with the radiation leukemic virus.

PMID- 176135
TI  - Proceedings: Detailed examination of the skeleton as a means of identification of
      war casualties.

PMID- 176136
TI  - Sexually transmitted cancers? The case for genital herpes.

PMID- 176137
TI  - Silica urolithiasis in a dog.

PMID- 176138
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of vitamin D3 in resins, oils,
      dry concentrates, and dry concentrates containing vitamin A.
AB  - A high-pressur liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been developed for the
      determination of vitamin D3 in resins, oils, dry concentrates, and dry
      concentrates containing vitamin A. Specificity of the method for vitamin D3 in
      the presence of isomers and other related constituents was shown by ultimate
      recovery of the vitamin D3 and the individual constituents and their
      characterization by other methods such as ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
      Precision and accuracy are within 2%, and as many as 20 determinations may be
      completed in a working day. Excellent agreement with the official AOAC biological
      assay was found. A comparison of the response of isomers of vitamin D3 by the
      HPLC method vs. other instrumental and chemical procedures shows HPLC to be the
      most specific method for determining the bioactive isomers.

PMID- 176140
TI  - Cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus.
AB  - The dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus was found to contain the cyclic nucleotide
      guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP). Approximately equivalent amounts of the
      compound were found in ungerminated spores, yeastlike cells, and mycelia.
      Germinating spores contained severalfold higher amounts of cGMP than the other
      cell forms. cGMP levels did not change significantly during the morphogenetic
      conversion of yeast to mycelia. Added exogenous cGMP or the dibutyryl derivative
      did not influence cell morphology in any way and did not alter the effect that
      cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate has upon cell morphology.

PMID- 176139
TI  - Liver glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphorylase in uncontrolled diabetic subjects.

PMID- 176141
TI  - Control of transformation competence in Azotobacter vinelandii by nitrogen
      catabolite derepression.
AB  - Azotobacter vinelandii (ATCC 12837) became competent to be transformed by
      exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid towards the end of exponential growth. Competence
      in wild-type and nitrogenase auxotrophic (nif-) strains was repressed by the
      addition of ammonium salts or urea to the transformation medium. Transformation
      of wild-type cells and nif- strains was optimal on nitrogen-free or nitrogen
      limiting medium, respectively. Transformation of wild-type cells also was
      enhanced when the transformation medium had low molydbate content. During the
      development of competence, nitrogen was growth limiting, whereas carbon (glucose)
      was in excess. Carbon source shift-down was not effective in inducing competence.
      Shifting glucose-grown wild-type cells to medium containing 0.2% beta
      hydroxybutyrate initiated encystment and also induced competence. The addition of
      glucose to this medium blocked encystment and early competence induction and
      reduced the transformation frequency to the basal level. Cyclic adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate induced competence in wild-type nitrogen-fixing cells and increased
      the transformation frequency 1,000-fold over the basal level. Exogenous cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate however, did not reverse nitrogen repression of
      competence in ammonia-grown wild-type or nif- strains.

PMID- 176142
TI  - Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of beta-galactosidase synthesis.
AB  - lac messenger ribonucleic acid synthesis is dissociated from its translation in
      certain lac operon mutants. More beta-galactosidase messenger ribonucleic acid
      (as determined by hybridization) is made in fully induced lacOc mutants and in
      trp-lac fusions than is eventually translated into enzyme. Consequently, beta
      galactosidase synthesis may be post-transcriptionally controlled under these
      conditions.

PMID- 176143
TI  - Cytochrome spectrum of an obligate anaerobe, Eubacterium lentum.
AB  - An obligately anaerobic bacterium, Eubacterium lentum, was shown to contain
      cytochromes a, b, and c and a carbon monoxide-binding pigment. Extracts of cells
      grown with hemin gave a typical absorption spectrum for cytochrome c with maxima
      at 424, 525, and 553 nm. Extracts from cells grown in the absence of hemin also
      had an absorption peak corresponding to cytochrome b (562 nm) in their reduced
      versus oxidized spectrum. Extraction of hemes and formation of pyridine
      hemochromes allowed quantitation of protoheme IX and heme c. Large amounts of
      cytochrome c masked the presence of cytochrome b in cells grown in medium
      containing hemin. When cells were grown in the presence of 50 mM nitrate,
      cytochrome A (606 nm) was detected. In anaerobic extracts of cells grown either
      with or without nitrate, cytochromes b and c were reduced by formate and oxidized
      by NO3. Cytochrome a appeared to be partially oxidized by NO3 and completely
      oxidized by air.

PMID- 176144
TI  - Binding of (125I)iodohydroxybenzylpindolol to putative beta-adrenergic receptors
      of rat glioma cells and other cell clones.
AB  - [125I]Iodohydroxybenzylpindolol, an extremely potent beta-adrenergic antagonist,
      has been purified to theoretical specific activity (2200 Ci/mmol) and used as a
      ligand to characterize the beta-adrenergic receptors of cultured rat glioma cells
      and other cultured cell clones. Appropriate receptor sites were identified by
      stereoselective competition for binding by a number of adrenergic agonists and
      antagonists, by correlation between the potency of these compounds to inhibit
      binding and to affect adenylate cyclase activity, and by correlation of binding
      with the presence or absence of response to catecholamines (stimulation of
      adenylate cyclase) in various cell clones. In equilibrium experiments, the
      dissociation constant for binding of the iodinated ligand to the beta-adrenergic
      receptor of a clone of rat glioma cells (C6TG1A) was 250 pM; the corresponding
      value for a clone of human fibroblasts (VA2) was 15 pM. For C6TG1A, KD was
      verified by analysis of the kinetics of binding: k1 = 10(8) 1/mol/min: k-1 =
      0.017/min. This rate of dissociation of ligand from the receptor was also
      established by study of the rate of activation of adenylate cyclase by
      isoproterenol after prior equilibration with iodohydroxybenzylpindolol. For VA2
      cells, where affinity was higher, the rate of reversal of binding was only
      0.0035/min. C6TG1A contained approximately 4000 receptor sites/cell (75 fmol/mg
      of protein), and these sites appeared to be coupled to adenylate cyclase in a
      stoichiometric manner. A second site with equal affinity for
      iodohydroxybenzylpindolol (KD = 250 pM) was also identified in C6TG1A by both
      kinetic analysis and equilibrium binding studies. While most compounds that
      interacted with the beta-adrenergic receptor also influenced binding to the
      second site, the latter did not distinguish between stereoisomers of propranolol,
      and its affinity for the other compounds tested was poorer.

PMID- 176145
TI  - Activation of C55-isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase from Staphylococcus aureus. I.
      Activation by phospholipids and fatty acids.
AB  - The activation of C55-isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase by a variety of lipids has
      been investigated. A number of amphipathic lipids can serve as effective kinase
      activators. Both the nature of the polar and nonpolar groups are important, but
      kinase activation does not depend on any particular chemical structure or charge
      on the lipid. The structure of those lipids which are most effective, as well as
      an analysis of their temperature profiles, suggests that bulk physical properties
      are significant. Lipids which provide a hydrated, loosely packed, highly fluid
      environment are often effective activators.

PMID- 176146
TI  - Activation of C55-isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase from Staphylococcus aureus.
      II. Biophysical studies.
AB  - Physicochemical techniques were used to investigate the activation of C55
      isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase by synthetic lecithins. Complexes of the enzyme
      with phospholipids were prepared using a method employing sodium dodecyl sulfate
      as a protein-solubilizing agent. Circular dichorism and the intrinsic
      fluorescence of the kinase were used as optical probes of protein conformation
      with these complexes. No evidence for a major lipid-dependent conformational
      change in the protein was observed when these complexes were studied under
      conditions where the lipid mesomorphic transitions occurred. EPR studies of
      mixtures of synthetic lecithins and the C55-isoprenoid alcohol indicated a
      correlation between kinase activity and the rotational diffusion rate within the
      hydrophobic phase. It is concluded that the lipid physical state probably does
      not affect the enzyme activity by altering the protein conformation but more
      likely does so by affecting the motion of the molecular participants in the
      reaction.

PMID- 176147
TI  - Activation of C55-isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase from Staphylococcus aureus.
      III. Activation by detergents.
AB  - The activation of kinase by neutral detergents has been examined. Of those
      detergents tested, only those with short chain and unsaturated chain hydrophobes
      were successful activators at 25 degrees. In addition to these structural
      requirements, a dependence upon hydrophilic-lipophilic balance number was
      observed when mixing hydrophobic and hydrophilic detergents. Most pairs tested
      showed an optimal hydrophilic-lipophilic balance number for kinase activation in
      the hydrophobic range of 6 to 9. Thus, there appears to be both a structural and
      a relative hydrophobic requirement for activation, and hydrophilic-lipophilic
      balance number may be a measure of the physical properties of the lipid required
      for activation.

PMID- 176148
TI  - Protein asymmetry in the inner membrane of rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - At least three groups of polypeptides of the inner membrane of rat liver
      mitochondria have been shown to be exposed to the exterior surface by several
      techniques: lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of mitochondria and inner
      membrane/matrix vesicles (mitoplasts), reaction of mitochondria and mitoplasts
      with the membrane-impermeable diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid, and controlled
      proteolysis of mitoplasts. These classes of proteins, separated by dodecyl
      sulfate gel electrophoresis, have polypeptide molecular weights of 73,000,
      31,000, and 26,000. In addition, four other groups have been shown to be exposed
      to the exterior surface by at least one of these techniques: these components
      have polypeptide molecular weights of 130,000, 87,000, 16,000, and 10,500. A
      class of proteins, which makes up 50 to 60% of the total mitochondrial protein
      and which can be easily extracted from mitoplasts by freeze-thaw fractionation or
      other procedures designed to separate "matrix" protein from "membrane" protein,
      is shown not to be exposed to the outer surface of the inner membrane by these
      techniques. This class of proteins contains polypeptides of various molecular
      weights and includes the major 165,000 molecular weight polypeptide, identified
      with carbamyl phosphate synthetase.

PMID- 176149
TI  - Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by fatty acid in isolated rat liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - The mechanism by which fatty acid addition leads to the inactivation of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase in intact rat liver mitochondria was investigated. In all cases the
      fatty acid octanoate was added to mitochondria oxidizing succinate. Addition of
      fatty acid caused an inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mitochondria
      incubated under State 3 conditions (glucose plus hexokinase), in uncoupled,
      oligomycin-treated mitochondria, and in rotenone-menadione-treated mitochondria,
      but not in uncoupled mitochondria or in mitochondria incubated under State 4
      conditions. A number of metabolic conditions were found in which pyruvate
      dehydrogenase was inactivated concomitant with an elevation in the ATP/ADP ratio.
      This is consistent with the inverse relationship between the ATP/ADP ratio and
      the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity proposed by various laboratories. However, in
      several other metabolic conditions pyruvate dehydrogenase was inactivated while
      the ATP/ADP ratio either was unchanged or even decreased. This observation
      implies that there are likely other regulatory factors involved in the fatty acid
      mediated inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Incubation conditions in State 3
      were found in which the ATP/ADP and the acetyl-CoA/CoASH ratios remained constant
      and the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was correlated inversely with the
      NADH/NAD+ ratio. Other State 3 conditions were found in which the ATP/ADP and the
      NADH/NAD+ ratios remained constant while the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was
      correlated inversely with the acetyl-CoA/CoASH ratio. Further evidence supporting
      these experiments with intact mitochondria was the observation that the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase kinase activity of a mitochondrial extract was stimulated strongly
      by acetyl-CoA and was inhibited by NAD+ and CoASH. In contrast to acetyl-CoA,
      octanoyl-CoA inhibited the kinase activity. These results indicate that the
      inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by fatty acid in isolated rat liver
      mitochondria may be mediated through effects of the NADH/NAD+ ratio and the
      acetyl-CoA/CoASH ratio on the interconversion of the active and inactive forms of
      the enzyme complex catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate
      dehydrogenase phosphatase.

PMID- 176150
TI  - Studies on the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase.
AB  - Two methods were utilized to demonstrate the peroxidation of chloride ion to a
      free species (HOCl or Cl2) by myeloperoxidase. The peroxidase caused the
      volatilization of radioactivity from soultions containing hydrogen peroxide and
      [36Cl]NaCl, and catalyzed the formation of HOCl when solutions contianing these
      components were passed through a Millipore filter to which the peroxidase was
      adsorbed. In this flow system, 90 mug of canine myeloperoxidase generated 80 muM
      HOCl in the presence of 200 muM H2O2 at a rate corresponding to a turnover of 100
      min-1. Under these conditions, o-tolidine, whose oxidation can be coupled to Cl-
      peroxidation in free solution, did not accelerate turnover. In contrast to
      chloroperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase, myeloperoxidase does not utilize
      chlorite for chlorination reactions. This oxidant inactivates the enzyme. At low
      pH, chloride ion suppresses the oxidation of myeloperoxidase (to the stable
      compound II) by both hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite. Acceptor chlorination is
      therefore not a rate-controlling reaction in the myeloperoxidase mechanism, and
      the potential of the functional peroxidase couple is higher than the HOCl/Cl-
      couple under chlorinating conditions. The product-forming step may be a reverse
      of compound I formation at the expense of HOCl, rather than the chlorination of
      Cl- by a chloroperoxidase-like chlorinating intermediate.

PMID- 176151
TI  - Role of cortisol on the glycogenolytic effect of glucagon and on the glycogenic
      response to insulin in fetal hepatocyte culture.
AB  - The effects of insulin and glucagon on glycogen metabolism were studied in
      cultured fetal hepatocytes transplanted from 15-day-old fetuses. The effects of
      these hormones were examined just after transplantation, when the cells contained
      only minute amounts of glycogen, and during the 3 to 4 day culture period, when
      the hepatocytes were exposed to 10 muM cortisol and actively accumulated
      glycogen. At all stages of the culture, glucagon addition (10 nM) was followed by
      a rapid depletion of labeled glycogen, previously synthesized during a pulse
      labeling with [14C]glucose: this effect was mimicked by N6, O2'-dibutyryl
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) (0.3 to 1 nM). Such a
      glycogenolytic effect of glucagon was observed even 6 hours after
      transplantation, i.e. at a time when cortisol was not present. In addition,
      glucagon clearly induced cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monosphosphate (cyclic AMP)
      accumulation in cells grown for 18 hours in the absence of cortisol. With cells
      grown for 3 days in the presence of cortisol, glucagon-dependent glycogenolysis
      was also obtained when cortisol was removed from the medium 20 hours before
      hormone addition. Thus the presence of cortisol is not necessary either to
      maintain a response to glucagon or for the onset of the glycogenolytic effect of
      glucagon. Insulin addition (10 nM) stimulated [14C]glucose incorporation into
      glycogen at all stages of the culture when grown in the presence of cortisol; no
      glycogenic response to insulin was observed 6 hours after transplantation where
      cortisol was not previously introduced. In addition, if the hepatocytes were
      grown in the presence of insulin alone (i.e. in the absence of cortisol) no
      significant storage of glycogen occurred. Maximal storage (or labeling) of
      glycogen was observed when hepatocytes were grown in the presence of both
      cortisol and insulin. The presence of cortisol was therefore necessary for the
      expression of the glycogenic effect of insulin. These data show that marked
      difference exist between the onset of developmental responses towards glucagon
      and insulin. The glucagon-dependent regulatory pathway should be present very
      early in fetal development and should not depend on cortisol. On the contrary,
      the onset of the insulin-dependent regulatory pathway seems to be induced during
      culture, and it is likely that this is caused by cortisol.

PMID- 176152
TI  - Tissue-specific chromosomal non-histone protein interactions with DNA.
AB  - A group of chromosomal non-histone proteins with affinity for DNA (NP) was
      isolated from rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma. This fraction, which represents
      less than 5% of the total chromatin protein content, binds preferentially to
      unique, double-stranded sequences of fractionated homologous DNA. The
      interactions are strong at low ionic strength (Km = 6.7 X 10(-9) M) and decrease
      with rising salt concentration. Complexes of the NP protein fraction with
      homologous DNA are immunologically tissue-specific. As determined by
      microcomplement fixation, the NP proteins in Novikoff hepatoma are associated
      with the transcriptionally active, diffuse fraction of chromatin.

PMID- 176153
TI  - Comparison of mode of activation of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent and
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases from silkworm.
AB  - Guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP)-dependent protein kinase (protein
      kinase G) partially purified from silkworm pupae was selectively activated by
      cyclic GMP at lower concentrations. Nevertheless, the enzyme seemed to differ
      from adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A)
      with respect to the mode of response to cyclic nucleotides. The catalytic
      activity and cyclic GMP-binding activity were not dissociated by cyclic GMP in a
      manner similar to that described for protein kinase A. The enzyme was not
      inhibited by regulatory subunit of protein kinase A nor by protein inhibitor. A
      sulfhydryl compound such as 2-mercaptoethanol or glutathione was essential for
      the activation by cyclic GMP, and an extraordinary high concentration of either
      Mg2+ (100 mM) or Mn2+ (25 mM) was needed for maximal stimulation by cyclic GMP. A
      polyamine such as spermine, spermidine, or putrescine could substitute partly for
      the cation. Kinetic analysis indicated that Km for ATP was decreased whereas Ka
      for cyclic GMP was increased significantly at high concentrations of the cation.
      The effect of the cation to decrease Km for ATP was not evident in the absence of
      a sulfhydryl compound. These characteristics of protein kinase G described above
      were not observed for protein kinase A which was obtained from the same organism.

PMID- 176154
TI  - Influence of glucagon and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate on the
      phosphorylation of rat liver ribosomal protein S6.
AB  - The administration of glucagon, adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, or N6,O2'
      dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate caused an increase in the phosphorylation
      of rat liver ribosomes. The increase (approximately 3-fold) was in the protein of
      the small ribosomal subunit. The proteins were separated by two-dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and radioautographs were made of the gels. The
      effect of the hormone and of the nucleotides was entirely due to an increase in
      the phosphorylation of the 40 S ribosomal subunit protein S6.

PMID- 176155
TI  - Effects of epinephrine and insulin on phosphopeptide metabolism in adipocytes.
AB  - Isolated adipocytes, incubated in the presence of extracellular 32Pi to steady
      state 32P incorporation into cellular phosphopeptides, were exposed to hormones
      for 5 min. Epinephrine (10(-6) M) stimulated 32P incorporation into at least 12
      major phosphopeptides, distributed in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and
      plasma membrane. Quantitatively pre-eminent among these were peptides of
      molecular weight 123,000 and 69,000, each located both in the cytoplasm and
      endoplasmic reticulum. The effect of epinephrine (10(-7) M) on 32P incorporation
      into these two peptides was augmented by theophylline (10(-3) M) in a synergistic
      fashion. Norepinephrine, dibutyryl N6,O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (synthetic 1 to 24 fragment),
      and glucagon mimicked the effect of epinephrine. Insulin modified adipocyte
      peptide phosphorylation in two ways. When present as the sole hormone, insulin
      (100 microunits/ml) consistently and selectively stimulated the 32P incorporation
      into a peptide of molecular weight 123,000 (endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm)
      without significant alteration in the 32P content of any other major peptide. A
      second effect of insulin was evident when epinephrine (10(-6) M) was present
      simultaneously. Insulin significantly inhibited the epinephrine-stimulated
      phosphorylation of the molecular weight 69,000 (endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm)
      and 26,000 (plasma membrane) peptides. Nevertheless, persistence of insulin
      stimulated phosphorylation of the 123,000 peptide in the presence of epinephrine
      was shown by a 32P content of this peptide that was greater in the presence of
      both hormones than with either individually. These findings indicate that in
      intact adipocytes: (a) epinephrine acutely alters the phosphorylation of a large
      number of adipocyte peptides, partly at least, via activation of adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase; (b) insulin opposes several
      epinephrine-stimulated phosphorylations in a manner consitent with its ability to
      lower epinephrine-stimulated intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation in adipocytes;
      and (c) insulin, in addition, exerts a unique stimulatory effect on adipocyte
      peptide phosphorylation that is independent of its effects on cyclic AMP
      metabolism and may be medicated by the generation of an as yet undefined
      intracellular "messenger" unique to insulin.

PMID- 176156
TI  - Biochemical properties of rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase with
      respect to oxidation of formaldehyde.
AB  - The oxidation of formaldehyde by rat liver mitochondria in the presence of 50 mM
      phosphate was enhanced 2-fold by exogenous NAD+. Absolute requirement of NAD+ for
      formaldehyde oxidation was demonstrated by depleting the mitochondria of their
      NAD+ content (4.6 nmol/mg of protein), followed by reincorporation of the NAD+
      into the depleted mitochondria. Aldehyde (formaldehyde) dehydrogenase activity
      was completely abolished in the depleted mitochondria, but the enzyme activity
      was restored to control levels following reincorporation of the pyridine
      nucleotide. Phosphate stimulation of formaldehyde oxidation could not be
      explained fully by the phosphate-induced swelling which enhances membrane
      permeability to NAD+, since stimulation of the enzyme activity by increased
      phosphate concentrations was still observed in the absence of exogenous NAD+. The
      Km for formaldehyde oxidation by the mitochondria was found to be 0.38 nM, a
      value similar to that obtained with varying concentrations of NAD+; both Vmax
      values were very similar, giving a value of 70 to 80 nmol/min/mg of protein. The
      pH optimum for the mitochondrial enzyme was 8.0. Inhibition of the enzyme
      activity by anaerobiosis was apparently due to the inability of the respiratory
      chain to oxidize the generated NADH. The inhibition of mitochondrial formaldehyde
      oxidation by succinate was found to be due to a lowering of the NAD+ level in the
      mitochondria. Succinate also inhibited acetaldehyde oxidation by the
      mitochondria. Malonate, a competitive inhibitor of succinic dehydrogenase,
      blocked the inhibitory effect of succinate. The respiratory chain inhibitors,
      rotenone, and antimycin A plus succinate, strongly inhibited formaldehyde
      oxidation by apparently the same mechanism, although the crude enzyme preparation
      (freed from the membrane) was slightly sensitive to rotenone. The mitochondria
      were subfractionated, and 85% of the enzyme activity was found in the inner
      membrane fraction (mitoplast). Furthermore, separation into inner membrane and
      matrix components indicated a distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
      similar to malic dehydrogenase.

PMID- 176157
TI  - Binding of nitric oxide to reduced L-tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase as studied by
      electron paramagnetic resonance.
AB  - Ferrous L-tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase reacts with nitric oxide both in the
      presence and in the absence of L-tryptophan. Electron paramagnetic resonance
      studies suggest that the proximal ligand of the heme is a nitrogen atom, probably
      from an histidyl residue. The interaction of the protein with substrate changes
      both the symmetry of the paramagnetic center and the mode of interaction of the
      iron atom with its two axial ligands, NO and the proximal nitrogen atom. Optical
      absorption and EPR spectra suggest that the affinity of NO for tryptophan
      dioxygenase increases in the order: tryptophan dioxygenase, tryptophan
      dioxygenase + alpha-methyltryptophan, tryptophan diogenase " 5-hydroxytryptophan,
      tryptophan dioxygenase + L-tryptophan. A possible correlation between the number
      of superhyperfine lines in the EPR spectrum and the affinity of the enzyme for NO
      is discussed.

PMID- 176158
TI  - Apparent dispensability of the carbohydrate moiety of human interferon for
      antiviral activity.
AB  - Human leukocyte and tritium-labeled fibroblast interferons, prepared by induction
      with Sendai virus and with double-stranded polyinosinic acid.polycytidylic acid
      respectively, have been studied in relation to the carbohydrate moieties attached
      to them. These interferons were partially purified by immunoabsorbance and by gel
      filtration. On treatment with glycosidases, about 80% of the 3H-labeled sugar
      moieties in this glycoprotein-containing fraction was removed without detectable
      alteration of the antiviral activity or antibody-binding properties
      characteristic of interferon. The molecular weight of leukocyte interferon was
      reduced by about 4000. As others have reported, the heterogeneous character of
      interferon revealed by isoelectric focusing was greatly reduced by the enzyme
      treatment.

PMID- 176159
TI  - Studies on regulatory factors of ornithine decarboxylase activity during
      development of mouse mammary epithelium in vitro.
AB  - The activity of ornithine decarboxylase increases markedly in a biphasic manner
      during the hormone-dependent development of mouse mammary epithelium in vitro.
      The first peak of activity occurring at 3 to 4 hours of culture was elicited by
      incubating mammary explants in a culture medium without any added hormones,
      although addition of insulin or prolactin, or both, caused a greater increase.
      The emergence of the second peak of activity at about 12 hours depended on the
      actions of both insulin and prolactin. A second increase in activity could also
      be effected postmitotically by the delayed addition of prolactin. Studies with
      actinomycin D and cycloheximide suggest that the first increase in enzyme
      activity may be effected at a post-transcriptional level, whereas a second
      increase may be at both transcriptional and translational levels. During the
      first 3 hours of incubation, there was a rapid, transient increase in cyclic AMP
      concentration in mammary epithelium. The presence of insulin or prolactin in
      culture did not affect the change in epithelial cyclic AMP concentration.
      Addition of several derivatives of cyclic AMP, 0.1 to 0.5 mM, as well as
      prostaglandin E1, a stimulator of adenylate cyclase, resulted in enhancement of
      the first increase in enzyme activity. The effect of cyclic nucleotide was
      additive to that of insulin and prolactin and appears to be mediated at a post
      transcriptional level. The stimulatory effect of a lower concentration of both
      the cyclic nucleotide and prostaglandin E1 was augmented by theophylline, an
      inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. These results may suggest possible involvement of
      cyclic AMP in the first increase in enzyme activity that occurs in the absence of
      any added hormones.

PMID- 176160
TI  - Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in
      hepatoma tissue culture cells by pure cholesterol and several cholesterol
      derivatives. Evidence supporting two distinct mechanisms.20l.
AB  - Pure cholesterol associated in complexes with lipoproteins (whole serum and human
      low density lipoproteins) or esterified with succinic acid (cholesteryl
      succinate) and bound to albumin effectively suppresses 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity in hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells
      grown in lipoprotein-poor serum medium during short 4-hour) incubation periods.
      Simultaneous measurments of the kinetics of uptake of radioactive unesterified
      cholesterol of whole serum and cholesteryl succinate, their conversion to lipid
      products, and the decay in enzyme activity, suggest that the cholesterol-induced
      suppression is mediated by the sterol itself rather than by inhibitory lipid
      products derived from its metabolism. Several cholesterol derivatives such as
      cholestenone, 7-ketocholesterol, and 7alpha-and 25-hydroxycholesterol also
      suppress reductase activiy in HTC cells and are significantly more inhibitory
      than the pure cholesterol preparations. The decrease in enzyme activity produced
      by cholesterol and its derivatives is concentration-dependent and specific. [1
      14C]Oleate incorporation experiments indicate that cholesterol ester formation in
      HTC cells is not increased at inhibitory concentrations of the steroids. These
      data suggest that sterol ester formation is not an obligatory process in the
      feedback control of HMG-CoA reductase activity. The half-life of the reductase (3
      to 4 hours) is not significantly changed by cycloheximide, plus or minus whole
      serum, and cholesteryl succinate. In contrast, the half-life is strongly reduced
      when HTC cells are incubated with cycloheximide plus maximal concentrations of 25
      hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, or cholestenone, resulting in t1/2 values
      of 24, 36, and 60 min, respectively. Increasing concentrations of whole serum and
      cholesteryl succinate have no significant effect on the apparent rate constant of
      inactivation of the enzyme, whereas its apparent rate of synthesis is decreased 3
      and 10-fold, respectively. These results are reversed with oxygenated steroid
      inhibitors. The rate of synthesis of reductase is essentially unchanged as the
      concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, and cholestenone are
      increased in the culture medium, whereas the apparent rate constant for
      degradation is increased 9-, 7-, and 3-fold, respectively. HMG-CoA reductase
      activity in HTC cells thus appears to be modulated by two different mechanisms in
      which steroid structure is important. Whole serum and cholesteryl succinate
      specifically decrease the rate of enzyme synthesis, while 25-hydroxycholesterol,
      7-ketocholesterol, and cholestenone increase the rate of inactivation of the
      reductase.

PMID- 176162
TI  - Essential arginyl residues in mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase.
AB  - Treatment of either beef heart or rat liver mitochondrial ATPase with the
      arginine reagent, 2,3-butanedione, resulted in enzyme inactivation. The reaction
      followed pseudo-first order kinetics until 90 to 95% of the enzyme had been
      inactivated, and prolonged incubation with butanedione resulted in complete
      inactivation. When the modification reaction was performed in the presence of
      ATP, the rate of inactivation was significantly decreased. The kinetics of
      inactivation indicates that the reaction of 1 molecule of reagent per active site
      of beef heart mitochondrial ATPase is necessary for inactivation. The loss of
      ATPase activity was also observed when submitochondrial particles were treated
      with butanedione. Studies with beef heart mitochondrial ATPase indicated that the
      inactivation was not due to enzyme dissociation into subunits. Kinetic studies
      with partially inactivated enzyme demonstrated that the Km values of ITP and of
      ATP in the presence of HCO3-were similar to the same constants for the control
      enzyme. When ATP was used as the substrate in the absence of anion activator, the
      partially inactivated enzyme still exhibited negative cooperativity. Inactivation
      was also observed when beef heart mitochondrial ATPase was treated with another
      arginine reagent, phenylglyoxal. The loss of ATPase activity was analyzed in
      terms of [14C]phenylglyoxal incorporation. From the present studies it is
      concluded that arginyl residues play an essential role in mitochondrial ATPase,
      probably at the hydrolytic site.

PMID- 176161
TI  - Purification and general properties of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent
      protein kinase from guinea pig fetal lung.
AB  - Guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP)-dependent protein kinase was purified
      from the guinea pig fetal lung, a tissue shown to be the richest in this enzyme
      in all mammalian sources examined, and its general properties studied. The enzyme
      was purified 150-fold from crude extract by steps of pH 5.4 isoelectric
      precipitation, Sephadex G-200 filtration, hydroxylapatite treatment and DEAE
      cellulose chromatography. The purified enzyme, free from contamination with
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase, had a
      specific activity at least equivalent to 600-fold purification of the enzyme from
      the adult lung. The pulmonary enzyme exhibited an absolute requirement of protein
      kinase modulator (prepared from various mammalian tissues with an exception of
      skeletal muscle) for its activity. Inhibitor protein of cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinase purified from rabbit skeletal muscle could not stimulate nor
      inhibit the cyclic GMP target enzyme, indicating the factors from mammalian
      sources regulating the two classes of protein kinases may not be the same. The
      enzyme had Ka values of 1.3 times 10(-8) and 3.3 times 10(-8) M for 8-bromo
      cyclic GMP and cyclic GMP, respectively, compared to 3.0 times 10(-6) M for
      cyclic AMP. Cyclic GMP lowered the Km of the enzyme for ATP from 6.3 times 10(-5)
      M in its absence to 2.1 times 10(-5) M in its presence, accompanied by an
      approximate doubling of the Vmax. The molecular weight of the enzyme (assayed by
      its catalytic and cyclic GMP-binding abilities) was estimated to be 123,000,
      corresponding to a sedimendation coefficient of 7.06 S, by means of sucrose
      density gradient ultracentrifugation. The cyclic GMP-dependent enzyme required
      Mg2+ and Co2+ for its activity with optimal concentrations of about 30 and 0.7
      mM, respectively. The maximal activity seen in the presence of Mg2+, however, was
      nearly twice as high as that seen in the presence of Co2+. Histones were
      generally effective substrates for the enzyme, whereas protamine, casein,
      phosvitin, phosphorylase kinase, and activator protein of phosphodiesterase were
      not. The cyclic GMP-dependent enzyme exhibited a greater affinity for histones
      than did the cyclic AMP-dependent enzyme in the presence of Mg2+.

PMID- 176164
TI  - Oncogenicity tests on cytomegalovirus in immunodeficient mice.

PMID- 176163
TI  - Basement membrane procollagen is not converted to collagen in organ cultures of
      parietal yolk sac endoderm.
AB  - Basement membrane procollagen biosynthesis was studied in organ cultures of
      embryonic rat parietal yolk sac endoderm by following [14C]proline incorporation
      into nondialyzable proteins. After reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol the 14C
      proteins synthesized were characterized by agarose gel filtration and disc
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The labeled
      procollagen was identified by its content of hydroxy[14C]proline, its sensitivity
      to digestion with bacterial collagenase, and its resistance to digestion with
      pepsin. In cultures which were continuously labeled for periods from 6 hours to 4
      days, the pro-alpha chains consistently eluted as a single peak with an apparent
      molecular weight of 160,000. After pepsin digestion the resultant alpha chains
      had an apparent molecular weight between 125,000 and 140,000. This suggests that
      basement membrane procollagen either contains non-triple helical pepsin-resistant
      regions or a triple helical region which is larger than the corresponding region
      of interstitial procollagen. Two experiments were performed to determine whether
      the chains of newly synthesized basement membrane procollagen were cleaved to a
      smaller molecular species. In the first, the hydroxylation and secretion of
      procollagen were blocked with alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl, and the resulting
      intracellular chains of basement membrane protocollagen were found to co-elute
      with fully hydroxylated and secreted pro-alpha chains. In the second, cultures
      were labeled for 1 day and chased for 3 days with unlabeled medium.
      Autoradiography had shown that most of the label was chased into new basement
      membrane. Agarose chromotography showed that after 3-day chase the pro-alpha
      chains still eluted with an apparent molecular weight of 160,000. Thus, the data
      indicated that basement membrane procollagen was deposited in new basement
      membrane without undergoing a time-dependent extracellular conversion.

PMID- 176165
TI  - Complications of arterial puncture in anticoagulated patients.
AB  - Thirteen patients who were receiving heparin in therapeutic doses had
      complications after femoral or brachial arterial puncture as follows: hematomas
      resulting in skin slough or infection in two, neuropathies of the median nerve in
      two and of the femoral nerve in two, and ischemia of the forearm muscles in
      seven. Since arterial puncture to determine blood gases in patients
      anticoagulated for pulmonary emboli can be dangerous, alternate means to
      establish the diagnosis are recommended. Early recognition and treatment of
      complications are essential.

PMID- 176167
TI  - [Tumors of the carotid body. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Apropos
      of a case].
AB  - The authors report a new case of carotid body tumour operated on, in a 26 year
      old woman. Recalling the main clinical and histological characteristics of these
      tumours, they emphasize the importance of pre-operative assessment and the
      decisive value of arteriography. Modern techniques of surgery of the carotid
      bodies permit one to face the risk of damage during removal. They re-emphasize
      the necessity of surgical treatment able to ensure a cure. Finally, emphasizeing
      the special gravity of advanced tumours (group III), they condemn a conservative
      attitude and recommended operation as early as possible.

PMID- 176166
TI  - [Success or failure factors in the treatment of insulin-secreting
      nesidioblastomas].
AB  - The authors report 5 cases of insulin- secreting nesidioblastoma which is not an
      exceptional tumour but may be suspected clinically before being confirmed in the
      laboratory. Fasting hypoglycemia or hyper-insulinism may be present, leading to
      arteriography and surgical exploration. The only valid forms of treatment are
      enucleation of the tumour or pancreatectomy, depending on whether it is situated
      on the right or on the left. The authors consider removal must be complete, if
      not, medical treatment should be preferred.

PMID- 176168
TI  - Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatographic determination of carbamazepine
      suitable for use in monitoring multiple-drug anticonvulsant therapy.
AB  - A rapid, sensitive and selective method for the determination of carbamazepine
      and its major metabolite in plasma has been developed. Other commonly used
      anticonvulsants can be determined in the same procedure without interference.
      After extraction with dichloromethane, the components are separated by high
      pressure liquid chromatography without further clean-up or concentration on a
      column packed with small-particle silica gel. The mean recovery from plasma is
      98.6% with a relative standard deviation of 1.6%. The detection limit for
      carbamazepine is approximately 2 ng/ml, requiring 1 ml of plasma.

PMID- 176169
TI  - Metabolic effects of parathyroidectomy in asymptomatic primary
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Effects of parathyroidectomy on parathyroid function and calcium (Ca) metabolism
      were carefully evaluated in 6 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism without
      symptoms normally attributed to the disease and in 7 with bone disease or
      nephrolithiasis. Before parathyroidectomy, both groups of patients demonstrated
      evidence of the sequelae of parathyroid hormone (PTH) excess, since they
      presented one or more of the following features: low bone density by 125I-photon
      absorption, hypercalciuria (urinary Ca greater than 200 mg/day on an intake of
      400 mg/day), negative Ca balance (absorbed Ca less than urinary Ca), elevated
      fasting urinary Ca greater than 0.2 mg/mg creatinine for a night-time sample
      after a 6-hour fast), and decreased renal function (creatinine clearance of less
      than 65 ml/min). Following parathyroidectomy, most of these deleterious effects
      were reversed commensurate with the return of immunoreactive serum PTH, serum Ca,
      and urinary cyclic AMP toward normal. These quantitative non-invasive techniques
      may be useful for the initial evaluation and follow-up of patients with
      asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 176170
TI  - Effect of angiotensin II on cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate in human plasma.
AB  - Infusion of alpha-adrenergic catecholamines increases plasma cyclic guanosine
      monophosphate (pcGMP), raising the possibility that the pressor effect of these
      agents may be mediated by cyclic GMP. We infused pressor doses of angiotensin II
      in 10 studies in 8 normal subject and measured pcGMP and plasma cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate (pcAMP) by radioimmunoassay. After 120 minutes of infusion, mean
      pcGMP was 128 +/- 31% (SE) higher than baseline values (P less than 0.01) while
      pcAMP was increased 30 +/- 10% (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 176171
TI  - The urinary excretion of glucosiduronates of cortisol and cortisone.
AB  - Cortisol and cortisone glucosiduronic acids were synthesised in a 14C-labelled
      from and utilised in a double-isotope derivative procedure for the analysis of
      cortisol glucosiduronate (FG) and cortisone glucosiduronate (EG) in human urine.
      Normal adults were found to excrete between 16 and 100 mug/24 h of FG (n = 14)
      and between 55 and 120 mug/24 h of EG (n = 15). Elevated values were observed in
      subjects with Cushing's syndrome and following ACTH stimulation. Abnormal
      excretion was noted in one patient with hepatic cirrhosis and in one case of
      cholestatic jaundice. The ratio FG/EG was markedly increased after ACTH
      stimulation and, in the normal group, was positively correlated to a highly
      significant degree (P less than 0.001) with FG excretion. These two observations
      suggest that EG excretion is less sensitive than FG excretion to variations in
      cortisol production.

PMID- 176172
TI  - Normal gestation and diminished androgen responsiveness in an untreated patient
      with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
AB  - A 22-year-old woman with 21-hydroxylase deficiency but minimal clinical evidence
      of androgenization was studied. She had conceived twice and had borne a normal
      male infant without therapy of any kind. The diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase
      deficiency was substantiated by the findings of 17-ketosteroid and pregnanetriol
      excretions of 18.1 and 8.1 mg/24 hours, respectively. Adequate basal compensation
      was indicated by a fasting plasma cortisol of 17.5 mug/dl. Plasma ACTH (207
      pg/ml), testosterone (216 ng/dl) delta4-androstenedione (649 mg/dl), progesterone
      (249 ng/dl) and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (4820 ng/dl) were all significantly
      elevated.

PMID- 176173
TI  - Angiotensin I-converting enzyme and angiotensin II levels in women receiving an
      oral contraceptive.
AB  - In 11 healthy, normotensive young women taking contraceptive medication (Enovid)
      for at least one year, plasma levels of angiotensin II were significantly higher
      than in healthy male and female controls. No significant difference was seen in
      the serum activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme measured in vitro. Although
      serum angiotensin I converting enzyme activity is stimulated in several
      conditions in which other components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are
      increased, this is not the case during administration of estrogens.

PMID- 176174
TI  - Comparison of a microneutralization test in cell culture and virus neutralization
      test in embryonated eggs for determining infectious bronchitis virus antibodies.
AB  - A microneutralization test (MNT) system utilizing cytopathic effect end points
      was effective in determing neutralization indexes for infectious bronchitis virus
      antibodies. The system is reproducible within 1 index unit at the 95% level of
      probability. Comparison of the MNT to tests in eggs resulted in a positive
      correlation (B =0.81), which was significant (P greater than 0.01). The
      quantitative dose-response relationship of the MNT is linear (P greater than
      0.005), with the 95% prediction limits fitting between one 10-fold dilution.

PMID- 176175
TI  - Plaque assay of Sendai virus in monolayers of a clonal line of porcine kidney
      cells.
AB  - The MN strain of Sendai virus formed distinct plaques in monolayers of PS-Y15
      cells, an established porcine kidney cell line. The plaque-forming ability was
      neutralized by specific antibody to the virus. A linear relationship was found
      between the concentration of virus and the number of plaques. The sensitivity of
      this assay was about equal to that of the in ovo titration. When applied to the
      serum neutralization test, the end points obtained were comparable to those of
      the hemagglutination-inhibition and complement-fixation tests.

PMID- 176176
TI  - Evidence for a parathyroid hormone-independent calcium modulation of phosphate
      transport along the nephron.
AB  - To disclose a parathyroid-independent calcium modulation of phosphate transport
      along the nephron, the effect of increasing plasma calcium concentration to
      subnormal levels in rats 6 days after parathyroidectomy (chronic PTX) was
      studied. Fractional phosphate reabsorption was significantly increased. The whole
      kidney response to calcium infusion was similar whether or not the thyroid gland
      was removed, which suggests that calcitonin is not involved. The micropuncture
      study indicated an increase in the reabsorptive capacity for phosphate (absolute
      reabsorption/absolute delivered phosphate per nephron segment) in the proximal
      tubule, the loop, and the terminal nephron when calcium was infused. Thus, the
      level of plasma calcium or some related factor affects the phosphate transport by
      the tubule independently of parathyroid hormone. With calcium infusion, the
      profile of phosphate reabsorption along the nephron became close to that of
      acutely parathyroidectomized rats, but with persisting differences. The level of
      plasma calcium concentration may partly account for the differences between the
      acute and the chronic steps of parathyroidectomy. The role of possible
      interferences between alterations of extracellular calcium concentration or some
      related factor and the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system in such an action of
      calcium was evaluated. Cyclic AMP was infused so as to achieve a 10(-6) M plasma
      concentration. Combined infusions of calcium and cyclic AMP were also performed.
      The results are compatible with calcium inhibition of adenylate cyclase, although
      they do not rule out a direct action of calcium.

PMID- 176177
TI  - Effect of adenosine deaminase inhibition upon human lymphocyte blastogenesis.
AB  - The biochemical mechanisms by which a genetically determined deficiency of
      adenosine deaminase leads to immunodeficiency are still poorly understood and
      prompted this study. We have examined the effects of the adenosine deaminase
      inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine hydrochloride (EHNA) upon the
      response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to the mitogen concanavalin
      A (Con A). Cells isolated from normal volunteers were incubated in microtiter
      plates in the presence of various inhibitors, and the incorporation of tritrated
      thymidine or leucine into macromolecular material was measured after 64 h. EHNA
      at a concentration of 0.3 muM, which inhibited 90% of the adenosine deaminase
      (ADA) activity in a mononuclear preparation, impaired the incorporation of
      tritrated leucine into protein; 100 muM EHNA was the minimal concentration that
      inhibited thymidine uptake. The addition of 15 muM adenosine or 10 muM cyclic AMP
      to Con A-stimulated lymphocytes inhibited leucine uptake, while millimolar
      concentrations were required to inhibit thymidine uptake. Lower doses of
      adenosine and cyclic AMP stimulated thymidine incorporation. The inhibition of
      thymidine uptake observed with millimolar concentrations of adenosine was
      independent of the type of mitogen (pokeweed or Con A), the concentration of
      mitogen, or the medium used, but could be increased if the cells were cultured in
      a serum with reduced levels of adenosine deaminase. Washout experiments failed to
      demonstrate a critical period early in immune induction during which adenosine
      exerted its inhibitory effects. Noninhibitory doses of EHNA potentiated the
      effects of adenosine and cyclic AMP on leucine and thymidine uptake. EHNA at a
      concentration of 50 muM also potentiated the inhibitory effects on thymidine
      uptake of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, butyric acid, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol,
      but not theophylline. When mitogenesis was assayed by leucine incorporations, no
      synergy between EHNA and these compounds was apparent. Uridine relieved to some
      extent the inhibition of blastogenesis produced by adenosine and cyclic AMP, but
      not by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, norepinephreine, isoproterenol, or theophylline.
      Neither uridine alone nor uridine plus adenosine protected lymphocytes from the
      inhibitory effects of EHNA.

PMID- 176178
TI  - Patterns of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate and ribose-5-phosphate concentration and
      generation in fibroblasts from patients with gout and purine overproduction.
AB  - In the majority of patients with gout and excessive uric acid production,
      underlying enzyme abnormalities have not been identified. In the present study,
      measurement of both the rate of generation and concentration of
      phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PP-ribose-P) and the concentration of ribose-5
      phosphate in cultured cells were undertaken to establish a classification of
      purine overproducers to direct study of additional enzyme defects. Fibroblasts
      were cultured from 24 individuals assigned to 4 groups: group 1, 5 normal
      controls; group 2, 5 patients with gout and normal dialy urinary uric acid
      excretion (gouty controls); group 3, 7 patients with well-defined enzyme
      abnormalities and excessive urinary acid excretion (4 with hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency and 3 with excessive PP-ribose-P synthetase
      activity); and group 4, 7 patients with gout and excessive uric acid excretion
      but without grossly abnormal activities of the above enzymes in erythrocyte
      lysates. In all 14 fibroblast strains from patients showing excessive production
      of uric acid (groups 3 and 4), rates of purine synthesis de novo and PP-ribose-P
      concentrations exceeded values for cells from control groups. Cells from group 3
      patients with hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency showed
      normal PP-ribose-P generation, while those with excessive PP-ribose-P synthetase
      activity demonstrated increased generation of this regulatory substrate. All
      strains from group 3 patients had normal ribose-5-phosphate concentrations. Five
      cell strains from group 4 patients showed one of the two patterns of
      abnormalities in these measurements seen in strains from group 3 patients: two
      resembled hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient cells, and
      three resembled cells with excessive PP-ribose-P synthetase activity. Analyses of
      erythrocyte enzyme preparations from two of these patients in group 4 have led to
      identification of a kinetic variant of each enzyme as predicted from the
      foregoing patterns. Two additional group 4 cell lines that showed increased
      ribose-5-phosphate concentrations in addition to increased PP-ribose-P
      concentrations and generation were classified in a separate subgroup, since in
      the individuals excessive purine synthesis appeared to result from increases
      ribose-5-phosphate concentration, leading to increased availability of PP-ribose
      P. No abnormality in either hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase or PP
      ribose-P synthetase has been found in erythrocyte preparations from one patient
      so classified.

PMID- 176179
TI  - Effects of a 3-day fast and of ethanol on splanchnic metabolism of FFA, amino
      acids, and carbohydrates in healthy young men.
AB  - Splanchnic metabolism was studied to quantify changes underlying the fatty liver,
      hyperlipemia, and hypoglycemia produced by ethanol. Four subjects fasted for 15 h
      were compared with five subjects fasted for 69 h under basal conditions and
      during continuous intravenous infusion of sufficient ethanol to give a
      concentration of 3-5 mM in arterial blood plasma. Splanchnic storage of fatty
      acids was estimated from the difference between uptake of FFA and secretion of
      derived products. Basal values for splanchnic uptake of FFA were twofold higher
      after the 69-h fast while splanchnic storage of fatty acids and production of
      ketone bodies increased threefold. Values for basal secreation into the blood of
      triglycerides derived from FFA were similar in the two groups. In both
      nutritional states, the fraction of FFA taken up in the splanchnic region
      oxidized to ketone bodies and to CO2 fell when ethanol was given because of
      preferential oxidation of ethanol to acetate, and the fraction esterified rose.
      However, systemic transport and splanchnic uptake of FFA fell with ethanol in
      subjects fasted 15 h, so that neither storage of triglycerides in splanchnic
      tissues nor secretion into the blood increased. In subjects fasted 69 h, ethanol
      increased transport of FFA and splanchnic storage of fat. In all but one subject
      it also increased secretion of triglycerides into the blood. The concentration of
      glucose in blood fell during ethanol infusion in all five subjects undergoing the
      69-h fast. Mean splanchnic glucose production was maintained at about one-half of
      the pre-ethanol value, despite virtual cessation of splanchnic uptake of lactate
      and of those amino acids that are metabolized via malate. Quantitative estimates
      of extrasplanchnic metabolism suggest that enhanced formation of alpha
      glycerophosphate from glucose, in addition to impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis,
      may contribute to ethanol-induced hypoglycemia in man.

PMID- 176181
TI  - Activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin in rat liver homogenates.
AB  - The effect of cholera toxin on adenylate cyclase from rat liver has been studied
      in a broken cell preparation. The activation of the enzyme in this in vitro
      preparation requires the addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to
      the incubation medium and the presence of cell components other than the membrane
      bound adenylate cyclase. Once the activation of the cyclase is produced, the
      effect persists despite repeated washing or solubilization of the enzyme. The
      effect can be obtained with concentrations of cholera toxin as low as 0.4 nM
      after 15 min of incubation at 22 degrees C, and stimulation can be detected after
      only 5 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. The activation of the enzyme is still
      apparent after at least 2 h at 0 degrees C. Preincubation with choleragenoid in
      vitro does not interfere with this effect of the toxin. Animals pretreated by an
      intravenous injection of cholera toxin do not respond to the in vitro addition of
      cholera toxin and NAD to the same extent as untreated animals; i.e., the effects
      overlap to suggest that the in vitro effect is the same as that in vivo.
      Responses to isoproterenol, glucagon, and NaF were also similar in the in vitro
      broken cell-activated system, as previously reported for the enzyme activated in
      vivo.

PMID- 176182
TI  - Herpes simplex means trouble.

PMID- 176180
TI  - Reduced sensitivity of the hepatic adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system to
      glucagon during sustained hormonal stimulation.
AB  - Hormone-induced desensitization of hormonal regulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP)
      content has been described in a number of tissues. In the present study, we
      examined responses of rat liver to glucagon after periods of sustained exposure
      to the hormone in vivo and in vitro. In intact anesthetized rats infused with
      glucagon (50 ng/min) for 1 h or more and in liver slices incubated with the
      hormone (10 muM) for this period, hepatic cAMP responsiveness to glucagon was
      significantly blunted compared with that of tissue exposed to the hormone for
      shorter periods. The reduction in hepatic cAMP responsiveness to glucagon
      appeared to be fully expressed by 2 h. With the doses of hormone employed, the
      sequential alterations in hepatic responsiveness seemed to be limited to the cAMP
      system, since other parameters of glucagon action did not wane with time.
      Diminished hepatic cAMP responsiveness during sustained hormonal exposure could
      not be attributed to decreased glucagon availability, accelerated extracellular
      release of cAMP, hepatic ATP depletion, or enhanced phosphodiesterase activity.
      Studies in vitro suggested that modulation of the cAMP response occurred at the
      level of adenylate cyclase (AC). During sustained exposure of hepatic slices to
      glucagon, reductions in glucagon-responsive AC correlated temporally with those
      in cAMP and both changes were reversible. Alterations in glucagon-responsive AC
      were demonstrated over a wide range of ATP (10 muM-0.1 mM) and glucagon (10 nM-5
      MM) concentrations in the cyclase reaction mixture, and appeared to be a
      noncompetitive phenomenon relative to glucagon. Maximal NaF-responsive AC did not
      fall concomitantly with time. Thus, the reduction in glucagon-responsive AC was
      probably not related to a reduction in the catalytic unit of the enzyme, but
      could have been due to an alteration in glucagon binding to its receptor sites,
      or in the coupling mechanism involved in transmission of the hormonal signal to
      the catalytic unit.

PMID- 176183
TI  - Infection of the chicken with an avian adenovirus and Myocoplasma gallisepticum.

PMID- 176184
TI  - Experiments in Border disease. VIII. Propagation and properties of a cytopathic
      virus.

PMID- 176185
TI  - Use of horseradish peroxidase to study the antagonism of Clostridium welchii (Cl.
      perfringens) type D epsilon toxin in mice by the formalinized epsilon prototoxin.

PMID- 176186
TI  - Trigeminal ganglionitis and encephalitis in calves intranasally inoculated with
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.

PMID- 176187
TI  - Antiherpesviral activity of silver sulfadiazine.

PMID- 176188
TI  - In vitro inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by insecticidal polychlorinated
      hydrocarbons. I. Mechanism of inhibition: possible association of reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with Mirex.

PMID- 176190
TI  - Internal rotations of side chains and backbone in luteinizing hormone-releasing
      hormone (LH-RH). Analysis of carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times.

PMID- 176189
TI  - Liver enlargement induced by the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
      (2,4,5-T).

PMID- 176191
TI  - Letter: Hydride transfer from NADH models to sp3-hybridized carbon. Competition
      with enamine alkylation.

PMID- 176192
TI  - Kinetic studies of the oxidation and reduction of Chromatium high potential iron
      sulfur protein (HiPIP) by inorganic complexes. Comparison of the electron
      transfer reactivities of HiPIP and horse heart cytochrome c.

PMID- 176264
TI  - Cell electrophoresis research directed toward clinical cytodiagnosis.
AB  - The application of cell electrophoresis to cytodiagnosis requires that a
      scientifically established basis exists for identifying abnormal cells
      electrophoretically, that research to detect such differences in the
      cytodiagnostic setting is possible and that a rapid and simple method of cell
      electrophoresis is adaptable to the clinical setting. Data are presented
      indicating modifications of electrophoretic mobility due to herpes simplex virus
      type 1 infection and Rous sarcoma virus transformation of culture cells. A simple
      apparatus for electrophoretically separating cells on a density gradient and
      collecting them for subsequent analysis is described, and results of experiments
      with this apparatus are consistent with those obtained by microscopic
      electrophoresis. Laser-doppler spectroscopic electrophoresis is suggested as a
      rapid method adaptable to clinical application.

PMID- 176265
TI  - Effects of neoplasms on inflammation: depression of macrophage accumulation after
      tumor implantation.
AB  - The local accumulation of macrophages at sites of neoplasms may be a critical
      event in immunologically mediated tumor killing. Individuals with neoplasms,
      however, have been noted to have depressed monocyte chemotactic responsiveness in
      vitro. To determine the effect of neoplasms on macrophage migration, mice were
      implanted subcutaneously with either sarcoma or hepatoma cells and their
      macrophage migratory function quantified in vivo and in vitro. The ability of
      tumor-bearing animals to mobilize macrophages to an inflammatory site in vivo was
      depressed by as much as 61% by 6 days after tumor implantation. The in vitro
      chemotactic responsiveness of macrophages recovered from the peritoneal cavities
      of tumor-bearing animals was also markedly depressed. Macrophage migration was
      not affected by implantation of normal syngeneic or allogeneic tissues. In
      addition, the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vivo was not
      depressed in tumor-bearing animals. These findings suggest that neoplasms
      themselves may depress the host's ability to localize macrophages at inflammatory
      sites in vivo and thereby hinder immunologically mediated tumor destruction.

PMID- 176266
TI  - Antibody in the sera of tumor-bearing mice that mediates spleen cell cytotoxicity
      toward the autologous tumor.
AB  - Pretreatment of MTV-induced BALB/cfC3H mammary tumor cells with autologous serum
      results in increased spleen cell cytotoxic activity and the recruitment of
      previously inactive spleen cells to cytotoxic activity against the target cells.
      These recruiting antibodies are tumor-specific for individual tumors;
      pretreatment with such serum of target cells of an MTV-induced mammary tumor
      obtained from a different BALB/cfC3H female results in blocking of spleen cell
      activity. The autologous recruiting factors are active at dilutions of 1000 or
      more of whole serum are found in the 19S fraction after gel filtration.

PMID- 176268
TI  - Inhibition of mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation by local anesthetics.
AB  - Chlorpromazine (CPZ) and lidocaine were added to cultures of mouse spleen cells
      stimulated by concanvalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen
      (PWM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Concentrations of CPZ greater than 5 x 10(
      6)M and concentrations of lidocaine greater than 2 x 10(-3)M totally inhibited
      the mitogenic responses to all four mitogens. Minimal inhibitory concentrations
      of neither drug interferred with cell viability as determined by trypan blue
      uptake or 51Cr release. The effects were totally reversed by the removal of the
      drugs from the culture. Addition of the drug at intervals after mitogen exposure
      demonstrated that the inhibited event occurred relatively soon after exposure to
      the mitogen. For example, the addition of lidocaine or CPZ more than 24 hr after
      Con A stimulation had no effect on tritiated thymidine incorporation. Elevated
      concentrations of cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP (or their derivatives) or calciunown
      membrane active actions of these drugs and the rapid reversibility of the effect
      strongly support the idea that the local anesthetics act on the surface membrane
      of lymphocytes. Binding of radiolabeled Con A or LPS to lymphocyte membranes in
      the presence of lidocaine or CPZ was not inhibited. The possibility exists that
      CPZ and lidocaine disorganized cell membranes so as to interfere with the surface
      membrane elaboration or action of a second messenger, or interfere with cell-cell
      interactions.

PMID- 176267
TI  - Complexity of factors in sera of different mice that affect MTV-induced mammary
      tumor cells.
AB  - Specific spleen cell activity in microcytotoxicity assay can be altered by
      pretreatment of target mammary tumor virus (MTV)-induced mammary tumor cells with
      serum. Serum from both BALB/cfC3H females neonatally infected with MTV and BALB/c
      females horizontally exposed to MTV antigens will block specific spleen cell
      activity against isologous mammary tumor cells. On fractionation of sera,
      blocking factors are localized in the 7s fraction. The 19s fraction contains
      recruiting factors that are not detectable in the unfractionated serum; these
      factors are active against isologous tumors and are thus distinct from the tumor
      specific recruiting factors previously described in the sera of tumor-bearing
      females, which are active only against the autologous tumor. Antibodies mediating
      complement-dependent cell lysis are also detectable after serum fractionation.

PMID- 176269
TI  - Immunity to C-type RNA viruses: antibody formation after natural or deliberate
      infection.
AB  - A combined virologic and immunologic study was done in mice that were either
      naturally or deliberately infected with C-type RNA viruses. In about 60% of B10.
      A mice, natural infection was accompanied by detectable anti-VEA antibodies in
      the serum. The absence of such antibodies was a reliable indicator of the absence
      of virus in B10 mice. Deliberately infected young adult B10 mice failed to
      eliminate the virus completely, despite high titers of anti-VEA antibodies. B10
      mice exposed to B tropic viruses at birth made anti-VEA antibodies but failed to
      eliminate the virus. By contrast, some NIH Swiss mice exposed to N-tropic virus
      at birth made anti-VEA antibodies and eliminated the virus.

PMID- 176270
TI  - Lysis of tumor cells by antibody and complement. VI. Enhanced killing of enzyme
      pretreated tumor cells.
AB  - The ascites form of a chemically induced guinea pig hepatoma, line-10, was
      resistant to killing in vitro by xenogeneic antibody and guinea pig complement.
      Pretreatment of line-10 cells with certain proteolytic enzymes rendered tham
      susceptible to the killing action of antibody and guinea pig complement. The
      effects of enzyme pretreatment were dependent on enzyme concentration,
      temperature, and could be blocked by addition of competitive or non-competitive
      inhibitors. The effect of the enzyme treatment could reversed by incubating the
      treated cells at 37 degrees C (but not at 0 degrees C), in the absence of the
      enzyme. Effective enzymes included ficin, bromelain, pronase, elastase, papain,
      trypsin, collagenase, lipases type I and type VI, and the neuraminidase
      preparation isolated from Clostridium perfringens. The activity of the lipase
      preparations and the neuraminidase preparation isolated from Clostridium
      perfringens appeared to be caused by proteolytic enzyme contamination. Enzyme
      preparations that proved ineffecitve in rendering the line-10 cells sensitive to
      killing by antibody and guinea pig complement included DNase, RNase, beta
      glucuronidase type 6A or type B10, hyaluronidase type V or type VI, and
      pectinesterase.

PMID- 176271
TI  - Effect of lectins on the levels of cAMP and cGMP in guinea pig lymphocytes: early
      responses of lymph node cells to mitogenic and non-mitogenic lectins.
AB  - Guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes were reacted with two mitogenic lectins (LcL-A
      or PHA) and two nonmitogenic lectins (AbL or WGA)m and the levels of cAMP and
      cGMP were determined during 30 min of culture. Various concentrations of LcL-A
      and PHA caused modest (1.5 to 2-fold) rises in cAMP levels. However, the rise in
      cAMP did not correlate with the degree of mitogenicity. AbL caused a greater rise
      in cAMP than the mitogenic lectins whereas WGA had no effect on cAMP levels. None
      of the four lectins causes an appreciable (i.e., greater than 1.5-fold) change in
      cGMP levels. There does not seem to be any positive correlation between early
      changes of cAMP and/or cGMP and mitogenesis.

PMID- 176272
TI  - An IgG-Fc receptor induced in cytomegalovirus-infected human fibroblasts.
AB  - Cytomegalovirus- (CMV) infected cultured human fibroblasts incubated with normal
      human serum were shown to react with IgG by direct and indirect fluorescent
      antibody tests. The binding of IgG to infected cells was unrelated to the
      presence of anti-CMV complement fixing (CF) antibodies and was not observed with
      uninfected cells. The reaction was first observed 36 hours after infection as
      diffuse cytoplasmic staining which by 72 hr became localized into a dense
      perinuclear structure. The cytoplasmic fluorescence was not detected with anti
      IgA or anti-IgM fluorescent conjugates. The reaction was seen with purified IgG
      and Fc fragments but was only minimally detectable with Fab fragments. It
      occurred in fibroblasts infected with three standard laboratory strains of CMV
      and seven recent CMV isolates from patients and was observed in six separate lots
      of human foreskin fibroblast cultures as well as in WI-38 cells. We conclude that
      CMV infection induces the formation of a IgG receptor in human fibroblasts.

PMID- 176274
TI  - Mitogen induction of murine C-type viruses. I. Analysis of lymphoid cell
      subpopulations.
AB  - We reported previously in vitro induction of endogenous C-type viruses from
      normal mouse spleen cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as by combination
      treatment with concanabalin A and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (Con A/BrdU). To
      identify the cell types sensitive to virus induction and to study the
      relationship of mitogenicity to virus induction we have compared T cell
      populations (BALB/c thymus cells and cortisone-resistant thymus cells), B cell
      populations (nu/nu spleen cells and lymph node cells), adherent BALB/c peritoneal
      cells and mixed populations (BALB/c spleen cells, macrophage-depleted BALB/c
      spleen cells, and lymph node cells). LPS-induction occurred only in B cell
      containing populations. In contrast, induction by Con A/BrdU depended on the
      presence of both T and B cells. In both instances, neither macrophages nor
      hemopoietic cells appeared to be a major source of virus. Treatment with anti-Ig
      serum and complement reduced virus induction by LPS/BrdU but not by Con A/BrdU
      suggesting that different cell populations produce virus after stimulation with
      these two different mitogens.

PMID- 176273
TI  - Release of xenotropic type C RNA virus in response to lipopolysaccharide:
      acitivity of lipid-A portion upon B lymphocytes.
AB  - The present studies demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes the release
      of endogenous xenotropic type-C RNA virus from BALB/c spleen cells. The evidence
      suggests that virus release is stimulated by the lipid-A portion of LPS and
      primarily involves an action of LPS on B lymphocytes. LPS had little or no effect
      on virus release by T lymphocytes, macrophages, or fibroblasts. These results
      indicate that the differentiated state of the cell plays an important role in the
      regulation of endogenous virus release.

PMID- 176275
TI  - Effect of cross-immunization on monotypic antibody responses to herpes simplex
      virus types 1 and 2.
AB  - New Zealand White rabbits were immunized subcutaneously with partially purified
      UV-inactivated preparations of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 or HSV-2) in complete
      Freund's adjuvant. After the initial immunizations, designated groups of animals
      received additional amounts of either HSV-1 or HSV-2 at 35-day intervals. Sera
      were absorbed with lysates of cells infected with heterotypic virus and the
      residual monotypic antibodies were detected by 51Cr-release assay using HSV
      infected target cells. A positive correlation was found between the ratio of
      neutralizing antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 (II/I index) and the content of
      monotypic antibodies. Results showed that production of monotypic antibodies to
      HSV-1 And HSV-2, under the conditions employed, was independent of previous
      exposure to HSV.

PMID- 176276
TI  - Solid neoplasms of the ovary.

PMID- 176277
TI  - Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 176278
TI  - The seroepidemiology of reovirus, coxsackievirus infections among Panamanian
      Indian children.
AB  - Rates of hepatitis B virus infection varied significantly among Panamanian Indian
      tribes. Choco and Mainland Cuna Indians had a greater prevalence of antibody to
      hepatitis B surface antigen than Guaymi and Island Cuna Indians. The village
      water supply appeared to be the major environmental difference that distinguished
      the tribes from one another. Since contaminated water plays a role in the
      transmission of enterovirus, an attempt was made to assess relative exposure to
      contaminated water by determination of the prevalence of antibodies to reovirus
      and coxsackievirus B in children 10 years old or younger. Infection with
      coxsackievirus B occurred more frequently in Choco and Mainland Cuna Indians than
      in Guaymi or Island Cuna Indians. Although essentially all children tested were
      exposed to reoviruses, Mainland Cuna Indians had the highest geometric mean
      titers of antibody, followed by Choco, Guaymi, and Island Cuna Indians in
      descending order. This parallel in rates of hepatitis B and enterovirus infection
      supports the hypothesis that fecal-oral transmission of hepatitis B virus is
      important in certain populations.

PMID- 176279
TI  - Mechanism of activation adenylate cyclase in vitro by polymyxin-released, heat
      labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Heat-labile enterotoxic material released from Escherichia coli by polymyxin B
      activates the adenylate cyclase of pigeon erythrocyte ghosts in a time- and
      concentration-dependent manner. The activation requires nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide, adenosine triphosphate, and another component of the erythrocyte
      supernatant. The active species has a molecular weight of about 23,000-24,000
      daltons, is inhibited by antibodies to the toxin of Vibrio cholerae, and is not
      irreversibly denatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Thus in many respects the
      active species from E. coli behaves the same as peptide A1 of cholera toxin.

PMID- 176280
TI  - Mode of action of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin in cultured adrenal tumor cells.
AB  - The effects of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin on steroidogenesis and on formation of
      adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate (cyclic AMP) in two adrenal tumor cell lines
      were compared. Steroidogenesis was half-maximal at concentrations of 1 ng of
      cholera toxin/ml in the mutant OS-3 cells and 3 ng of cholera toxin/ml in the
      parent Y-1 cells. At the end of an 8-hr incubation, toxin-induced formation of
      cyclic AMP in the mutant cell line was reduced by 90%. A molar ratio of GM1
      ganglioside (galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl [sialosyl] lactosyl ceramide;
      GGnSLC) to cholera toxin of 3:1 caused half-maximal inhibition of steroidogenesis
      in both cell lines. When equine antiserum to choleragenoid was added to adrenal
      cells 15 min after cholera toxin, there was marked inhibition of cyclic AMP
      formation and of steroidogenesis. Pretreatment of Y-1 cells with
      adrenocorticotropin rendered them unresponsive to hormonal induction of cyclic
      AMP formation, but these cells had an unimpaired response to cholera toxin. These
      studies, utilizing two adrenal cell lines, suggest important differences between
      the mode of action of cholera toxin and that of adrenocorticotropin in cultured
      adrenal tumor cells.

PMID- 176281
TI  - Multiple roles of erythrocyte supernatant in the activation of adenylate cyclase
      by Vibrio cholerae toxin in vitro.
AB  - Peptide A1 of Vibrio cholerae toxin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, adenosine
      triphosphate, and a soluble protein present in erythrocyte supernatant are
      required for the activation of pigeon erythrocyte ghost adenylate cyclase but are
      not required to maintain the activated state. The compounds are all required
      simultaneously, and when all are added to ghosts, adenylate cyclase activity
      increases at a linear rate without delay. Under optimal conditions significant
      activation of cyclase is given by less than one molecule of toxin per ghost.
      Intact cholera toxin may be inactive in vitro. There is a delay of about 1 min
      between the addition of intact toxin and the attainment of the final rate of
      increase of adenylate cyclase activity. During this period, glutathione reduces
      the disulfide bond between peptides A1 and A2. The delay is eliminated if the
      toxin is reduced before addition. More A1 is liberated if the toxin is also
      denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate.

PMID- 176282
TI  - Cholera toxin and the adenylate cyclase-activating signal.
AB  - Studies with chemically modified cholera toxin derivatives showed that all
      treatments that decreased the ability of toxin to bind to mouse thymus cells or
      to polystyrene-coupled GM1 ganglioside caused a concomitant reduction in the
      toxin's ability to increase adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate (cyclic AMP) in
      thymus cells and skin vascular permeability in rabbits. Dissociation of the H
      (heavy) and L (light) subunits abolished the biologic activity without inhibiting
      receptor binding, as did treatment with arginyl-specific reagents (which did not
      change the aggregation state of the toxin). When thymus cells were incubated with
      125I-labelled toxin at 37C,only about 1% of the total cell-bound radioactivity
      was recovered in the cytosol supernate. Similar values were found for cells
      incubated with toxin at 0C, and with 125I-labelled choleragenoid at 37C or 0C.
      Thymus cells rapidly bound less than or equal to equal to 5 X 10(4) cholera toxin
      molecules per cell at both 0C and 37C. Much less, however, of the radioactive
      toxin bound at 37C than of that bound at 0C was displaced by addition of
      unlabelled toxin or choleragenoid. Similar temperature-related irreversible
      binding was noted with 125I-labelled choleragenoid. The relative amounts of H and
      L subunits in the irreversibly cell-bound and in the displaced 125I-labelled
      toxin were indistinguishable. Treatment of thymus cells at 37C, but not at 0C,
      with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide caused a 10-fold reduction of
      adenylate cyclase stimulation by cholera toxin without inhibiting activation by
      epinephrine or prostaglandin E1, or appreciably altering the basal, unstimulated
      enzyme activity. The carbodiimide inhibited the cyclic AMP response to cholera
      toxin when added shortly after the toxin had bound to the cells (early in the lag
      phase).

PMID- 176283
TI  - Interaction of Vibrio cholerae toxin with sarcoma 180 cell membranes.
AB  - Three discrete phases are discernible in the activation, by Vibrio cholerae
      toxin, of adenylate cyclase in fragments of sarcoma 180 cell membranes. In the
      first, or preparatory, phase the toxin must be exposed to dithiothreitol or
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the absence of the membranes. In the
      second phase, the prepared toxin is dissociated to yield a macromolecular cyclase
      activating factor (MCAF) in the presence of the membranes. In the third phase,
      membrane basal adenylate cyclase is activated by MCAF in the presence of NAD. The
      integrity of the catecholamine or beta-receptor associated with sarcoma adenylate
      cyclase is irrelevant in the activation of cyclase by MCAF. This activation
      proceeds undiminished even if the beta-receptor is desensitized or blocked by
      propranolol.

PMID- 176284
TI  - Purification of the polymyxin-released, heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - The heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli strain H-10407 has been purified
      by use of a commercially available affinity gel (Affi-Gel 202). This gel
      possesses a strong and highly specific affinity for the enterotoxin released from
      intact E. coli cells by polymyxin B. The polymyxin-release technique could be
      used with fermenter-size batches of E. coli cells grown in a casamino acids-yeast
      extract medium. With a simple (NH4)2SO4 back-extraction step prior to affinity
      chromatography, large batches of E. coli enterotoxin could be processed rapidly.
      Affi-Gel 202-purified E. coli enterotoxin produced a single precipitin band in
      the presence of several different antisera against crude preparations of the
      toxin. The same antigen produced a precipitin band in the presence of both
      cholera antitoxin and antiserum to choleragenoid.

PMID- 176285
TI  - [Physical enzymology (author's transl)].

PMID- 176286
TI  - [Chronic cadmium poisoning induced by environmental cadmium pollution: multiple
      proximal tubular dysfunctions found in a number of persons living in cadmium
      polluted area (Hosogoe, Kosaka Town, Akita Prefecture, Japan) (author's transl)].

PMID- 176287
TI  - Malignant oncocytic tumour of the parotid salivary gland.
AB  - A 49-year-old man developed a tumour mass in his right parotid salivary gland
      nine years after a histologically proven benign mixed tumour of the same salivary
      gland had been surgically removed. Radical resection of the right parotid
      salivary gland and associated lymph nodes and soft tissues of the neck was
      performed. The parotid tumour was composed of oncocytic cells which infiltrated
      the surviving salivary gland tissue. Most of the excised lymph nodes contained
      metastatic deposits of oncocytic cells identical to the tumour seen in the
      parotid. There are no previous reports of the occurrence of both pleomorphic
      adenoma and malignant oncocytoma in the same salivary gland.

PMID- 176288
TI  - Unilateral multiple tumours of the parotid gland.
AB  - The occurrence of two morphologically distinct tumors in a single parotid gland
      is rare. Pathologic examination of a unilateral parotid mass removed from a 63
      year-old male revealed the presence of a benign mixed tumor and an adenolymphoma.
      No other examples of this relationship were encountered in the literature.

PMID- 176289
TI  - Measurement of apolipoprotein A-I in rat high density lipoprotein and in rat
      plasma by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) for rat apolipoprotein A-I is reported.
      The ApoA-I isolated from delipidated HDL by gel filtration yielded a single band
      on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and its
      amino acid composition resembled that reported by others. ApoA-I was iodinated by
      lactoperoxidase and the resulting 125I-apoA-I was purified by gel filtration. Up
      to 93% of 125I-apoA-I was precipitable by antibody and greater than 99% of bound
      125I-apoA-I was displaced by "cold" apoA-I. Other rat lopoproteins and
      apolipoproteins did not react in this system. Human plasma were also not
      reactive, nor were dog, goat, and sheep plasmas.

PMID- 176290
TI  - Apoproteins of the lipoproteins in a nonrecirculating perfusate of rat liver.
AB  - The apoproteins of serum lipoproteins and of lipoproteins present in a
      nonrecirculating perfusate of rat liver were compared by immunochemical, gel
      electrophoretic, and solubility techniques. Serum and perfusate very low density
      lipoprotein apoprotein composition were not different. No evidence for the
      presence of a lipoprotein resembling serum low density lipoprotein was obtained.
      However, the apoprotein composition of circulatory high density lipoprotein was
      quantitatively different from the secretory product in the density 1.06-1.21
      range. As measured by stained sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic
      patterns, the arginine-rich protein was the major secretory apoprotein while the
      A-I protein was the major apoprotein in circulating high density lipoprotein. A
      very similar pattern was seen in perfusates of orotic acid-fatty livers. It was
      concluded that although the liver secrets lipoproteins in the high density class,
      circulatory high density lipoprotein is largely a product of catabolic processes.

PMID- 176291
TI  - Competitive protein binding radioassay of plasma and urinary unconjugated
      cortisol.
AB  - In order to establish a more reliable profile of the function of the adrenal
      cortex, a study has been made of this simultaneous estimation of plasma and
      urinary unconjugated cortisol by competitive protein binding (CPB) radioassay.
      Both plasma and urinary cortisol were measured by CPB radioassay after solvent
      extraction. Normal ranges were found for plasma and urinary cortisol. The samples
      obtained in the morning (8:00 am) established a normal plasma cortisol range of
      9.0-21.6 mug% with a mean of 15.3. range for urinary unconjugated cortisol was
      12.0-41.5 mug/day (mean 26.9). Dexamethasone suppression and adrenocorticotrophic
      hormone stimulation of plasma and urinary cortisol were tested with individuals
      having normal and abnormal adrenal cortical function. RESULTS INDICATED A GOOD
      CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION. It was concluded that plasma and urinary
      unconjugated cortisol are reliable laboratory tests for adrenocortical function
      and would be the methods of choice rather than urinary 17-ketogenic steroids.

PMID- 176292
TI  - The effects of chemotherapy on the Wistar-Furth Wilms' Tumor.
AB  - An evaluation of single versus multiple therapy utilizing actinomycin D and
      vincristine to establish optimum therapeutic value on Wilms' tumor was completed
      in the present study. A Wistar/Furth Wilms' tumor model was treated with four
      dosage levels of actinomycin D and vincristine in single and multiple courses of
      treatment immediately after tumor injection. The results observed and analyzed
      indicated an optimum dose level for each drug and its most effective therapy
      course. Actinomycin D (at 300 mg/kg) in single or multiple dose was most
      effective, to an equal degree, in prolonging survival, decreasing the number of
      metastases, and the weight of the renal primary as well. Vincristine chemotherapy
      on a low-dose basis was associated chiefly with increased survival only.

PMID- 176293
TI  - Application of an in-vitro perifusion technique to studies of luteinizing hormone
      release by rat anterior hemi-pituitaries: Self-potentiation by luteinizing
      hormone releasing hormone.
AB  - A technique is described for the continuous perifusion of rat adenophypophyses.
      Exposure of the perifused glands to repeated equal 5 min stimuli with
      hypothalamic extract resulted in a series of equal peaks of corticotrophin
      secretion, the response was proportional to log dose over the range 0 - 25-2 - 0
      rat hypothalamic equivalents/ml. Repeated equal stimuli with hypothalamic
      extract, or with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) at concentrations
      of 2 or 10 ng/ml, resulted in a progressively increasing series of peaks of LH
      secretion, i.e. a self-potentiating or priming effect. The effect took between 30
      min and 1 h to develop. A delayed increase in the responsiveness of the glands
      was also seen with continuous incubation of anterior pituitaries with LH-RH. The
      relevance of these observations to the physiological control of LH secretion is
      discussed.

PMID- 176294
TI  - Ability of various factors to oppose the stimulatory effect of dibutyrylcyclic
      AMP on the release of melanocyte-stimulating hormone by the rat pituitary in
      vitro.
AB  - Various agents were tested for their ability to oppose the stimulatory effect of
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the release of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone from
      the rat neuro intermediate lobe in vitro. Only dopamine exhibited an inhibitory
      effect; serotonin, gamma-amino-butyric acid, tocinoic acid, tocinamide, the
      tripeptide Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 and dibutyryl cyclic GMP were all ineffective.

PMID- 176295
TI  - Tamoxifen as an anti-tumour agent: effect on oestrogen binding.
AB  - Tamoxifen (ICI 46,474) has been shown to possess anti-tumour properties in the
      dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary carcinoma model. During
      tamoxifen therapy the binding of [3H]oestradiol in vivo to uterine (P less than 0
      001), vaginal (P less than 0 X 01) and tumour (P less than 0-001) tissues was
      significantly reduced. Tamoxifen therapy was without effect on the binding of
      [3H]oestradiol in heart tissue. The determination of specific oestrogen-binding
      components in vitro was significantly reduced (P less than 0-01) in tumours from
      tamoxifen-treated rats and tamoxifen inhibited the binding of [3H]oestradiol to
      8S oestrogen-binding components, derived from rat uteri and DMBA-induced tumours,
      in vitro.

PMID- 176296
TI  - Control of oestrogen production in human pregnancy: effect of trophic hormones on
      steroid biosynthesis by the foetal adrenal gland in vitro.
AB  - [14C]Acetate was incorporated into dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone and their
      sulphates and into cholesterol during incubations of adrenal tissue from three
      human foetuses of 10-18 weeks of gestation. No incorporation of [14C]acetate into
      cortisol or other 4-en-3-oxo steroids could be demonstrated. Porcine ACTH
      stimulated the incorporation of [14C]acetate into both dehydroepiandrosterone
      sulphate and cholesterol when added to incubations of adrenal tissue from
      foetuses of 18 weeks gestation. Such an effect was not observed with tissue from
      a 10-week-old foetus. Stimulation of steroid biosynthesis from [14C]acetate was
      also achieved by addition of human growth hormone chorionic somato-mammotrophin.
      These trophic hormones may therefore play some part in regulating the provision
      of precursors for oestrogen biosynthesis in pregnancy.

PMID- 176298
TI  - Effect of corticosteroids on alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and
      adrenocorticotrophin release in the rat.

PMID- 176297
TI  - Hormonal stimulation of oestradiol-17 beta release from the rat ovary during
      early postnatal development.

PMID- 176299
TI  - Proceedings: Oestradiol as a regulator of the metabolism of vitamin D3 in the
      liver of japanese quail.

PMID- 176300
TI  - Proceedings: Heterogeneity of adrenocorticotrophin and its secretion by pituitary
      cells.

PMID- 176301
TI  - Proceedings: The response of a plasma membrane enzyme to very low concentrations
      of corticotrophin in the cytochemical section bioassay system.

PMID- 176302
TI  - Proceedings: Steroid receptor studies in the dog prostate.

PMID- 176303
TI  - Proceedings: A selective action of clomophene upon central and peripheral
      oestrogen cytoplasmic receptors.

PMID- 176304
TI  - Proceedings: Control of aldosterone secretion.

PMID- 176306
TI  - Proceedings: Uterine cyclic AMP in early pregnancy in the rat.

PMID- 176305
TI  - Proceedings: Specificity of steroid binding by the oestrogen receptor of rat
      mammary tumours induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.

PMID- 176308
TI  - Proceedings: Possible involvement of cyclic GMP in the responses of rat kidney
      cortex slices to angiotensin.

PMID- 176307
TI  - Alpha-adrenergic receptor activity, cyclic AMP and lipolysis in adipose tissue of
      hypothyroid man and rat.
AB  - Lipolysis and intracellular levels of cyclic AMP of adipose tissue from man and
      rat in both hypothyroid and euthyroid states were studied in response to
      stimulation by catecholamines in vitro. Hypothyroid patients were studied before
      and after treatment, and were also compared with euthyroid obese controls. The
      experimental group of rats was rendered hypothyroid by the addition of 2.9 mM
      propylthiouracil to their drinking water, and their status confirmed by plasma
      thyroid function tests. Evidence for alpha-adrenergic receptor activity was found
      in rat adipose tissue, but was less marked than the pronounced alpha-adrenergic
      activity in human adipose tissue. Glycerol release from adipose tissue in
      response to noradrenaline stimulation was less marked in hypothyroidism in both
      species, and was related to an increased alpha-adrenergic activity. No evidence
      was found for increased alpha-adrenergic effects on cyclic AMP level in
      hypothyroid subjects, and little evidence was found in adipose tissue from
      hypothyroid rats. This discrepancy may be due to the presence of the
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor, theophylline, in the incubation system. The possible
      modulatory role of thyroid hormones on receptor and phosphodiesterase activity,
      and on lipolysis, is discussed.

PMID- 176309
TI  - Mechanisms of genetic resistance to Friend virus leukemia in mice. II. Resistance
      of mitogen-responsive lymphocytes mediated by marrow-dependent cells.
AB  - Friend leukemia virus suppresses the proliferative responses of normal thymus
      dependent (T) and bursa equivalent-dependent (B) lymphocytes from spleen, thymus,
      lymph node, and bone marrow to mitogens. The suppressive effect of Friend virus
      complex (FV) requires fully infectious virions. Friend erythroleukemic cells,
      washed to removed extracellular virus, fail to suppress concanavalin A (Con-A)
      induced mitogenesis of normal spleen cells. This indicates that FV does not
      mediate its immunosuppressive effect via transformed erythropoietic cells. The in
      vitro suppressive effect of FV on lymphocyte mitogenesis is under host genetic
      control. Spleen, bone marrow, and thymus cells from strains of mice susceptible
      to FV-induced leukemogenesis in vivo were quite susceptible to the suppressive
      effects of FV in vitro. On the other hand, similar cells from strains of mice
      such as C57BL/6 resistant to Friend erythroleukemia, were quite resistant to in
      virto immunosuppression by FV. Mitogenesis of splenic T cells from resistant B6
      mice, previously treated with 89Sr, became susceptible to suppression by FV. This
      indicated that the in vitro resistance of lymphocytes to FV-induced suppression
      is not an intrinsic property of T cells, but is controlled by marrow-dependent
      (M) cells which are selectively eliminated by treatment with 89Sr. M-cell
      function does not develop in mice less than 3-wk old. The Con A response by
      thymus cells from 2-wk-old B6 mice was susceptible to suppression by FV, further
      supporting the concept that M cells may regulate the genetic resistance to FV.

PMID- 176310
TI  - The role of glucose limitation in the regulation of the transport of glucose,
      gluconate and 2-oxogluconate, and of glucose metabolism in Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa.
AB  - The pathway of glucose metabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was regulated by the
      availability of glucose and related compounds. On changing from an ammonium
      limitation to a glucose limitation, the organism responded by adjusting its
      metabolism substantially from the extracellular direct oxidative pathway to the
      intracellular phosphorylative route. This change was achieved by repression of
      the transport systems for gluconate and 2-oxogluconate and of the associated
      enzymes for 2-oxogluconate metabolism and gluconate kinase, while increasing the
      levels of glucose transport, hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
      The role of gluconate, produced by the action of glucose dehydrogenase, as a
      major inhibitory factor for glucose transport, and the possible significance of
      these regulatory mechanisms to the organism in its natural environment, are
      discussed.

PMID- 176311
TI  - Extracellular cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase accelerates differentiation in
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Extracellular cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase accelerates the development of
      aggregation competence in Dictyostelium discoideum when present during the
      preaggregation stage. The effect on development appears to depend only on
      hydrolysis of extracellular cyclic AMP and not on other properties of the
      phosphodiesterase molecule. Extracellular cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase, as a
      promoter of differentiation, acts mainly throughout the first half of interphase.
      Our evidence supports the proposal that cyclic AMP oscillations control the rate
      and possibly the initiation of development. Since extracellular cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase acts from the beginning of interphase cyclic AMP oscillations
      may also occur from early interphase, at least in the presence of this enzyme.
      This would imply that the cyclic AMP oscillator is a determinant, but not a
      product, of the developmental programme.

PMID- 176312
TI  - Regulation of arginine and pyrimidine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas putida.
AB  - Repression of biosynthetic enzyme synthesis in Pseudomonas putida is incomplete
      even when the bacteria are growing in a nutritionally complex environment. The
      synthesis of four of the enzymes of the arginine biosynthetic pathway (N-acetyl
      alpha-glutamokinase/N-acetylglutamate-gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase and acetylornithine-delta-transaminase) could be repressed
      and derepressed, but the maximum difference observed between repressed and
      derepressed levels for any enzyme of the pathway was only 5-fold (for ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase). No repression of five enzymes of the pyrimidine
      biosynthetic pathway (aspartate carbamoyltransferase, dihydro-orotase, dihydro
      orotate dehydrogenase, orotidine-5'-phosphate pyrophosphorylase and orotidine-5'
      phosphate decarboxylase) could be detected on addition of pyrimidines to minimal
      asparagine cultures of P. putida A90, but a 1-5- to 2-fold degree of derepression
      was found following pyrimidine starvation of pyrimidine auxotrophic mutants of P.
      putida A90. Aspartate carbamoyltransferase in crude extracts of P. putida A90 was
      inhibited in vitro by (in order of efficiency) pyrophosphate, CTP, UTP and ATP,
      at limiting but not at saturating concentrations of carbamoyl phosphate.

PMID- 176313
TI  - Morphogenesis of picornaviruses: characterization and assembly of bovine
      enterovirus subviral particles.
AB  - Bovine enterovirus-I (BEV-I) infection results in the production of a low amount
      of infective virus. A large number of non-infectious virus particles can be
      detected in BEV-I lysates by haemagglutination. Attempts to isolate DI particles
      that might be responsible for this effect failed. However, infected cells were
      shown to contain large amounts of 80S particles as well as lesser amounts of
      160S, 130S, 45S, 14S and 5S particles. The proportion of these subviral particles
      detectable by density gradient sedimentation depended on the ionic strength of
      the gradient buffer. At high ionic strength 130S particles were transformed into
      160S particles, and 45S into 80S particles. The polypeptide composition of each
      virus particle was examined. Pulse-chase experiments confirmed that 80S particles
      were the predominant virus particles accumulating. No precursor-product
      relationship could be established for the 80S particle, although 5S and 14S
      particles were shown to be precursors of mature virus particles.

PMID- 176314
TI  - Characterization of an enterovirus associated with acute infectious
      lymphocytosis.
AB  - An enterovirus (EVU-16) previously isolated from children with acute infectious
      lymphocytosis has been further characterized. The EVU-16 virus sediments as a
      135S particle in sucrose gradients, has a density of 1-335 g/ml in CsCl, contains
      4 polypeptides and has a single stranded RNA genome sedimenting at 35S. These
      structural features as well as the presence of a virus-related particle, the
      procapsid, are similar to those of other enteroviruses. However, the largest
      polypeptide of EVU-16 is 49000 daltons, which is considerably larger than the
      corresponding polypeptide from poliovirus; the sizes of the other three viral
      polypeptides were similar in both viruses. Attempts to induce lymphocytosis by
      the inoculation of EVU-16 into various animals, including immunologically
      aberrant 'nude' mice, were unsuccessful.

PMID- 176315
TI  - Infectivity, oncogenicity and transforming ability of BK virus and BK virus DNA.
AB  - The human papovavirus, BK, appeared weakly oncogenic in newborn hamsters and was
      able to induce in vitro transformation of rat kidney cells. The infectivity of BK
      virus DNA was determined by employing the DEAE-dextran method. In human embryonic
      cells the infectivity was approx. 10(5) p.f.u./mug of DNA. The transforming
      ability of BK virus in primary rat kidney cells was measured by employing the
      calcium method and appeared to vary from 1 to 10 foci per mug of DNA.

PMID- 176316
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides in murine brain: effect of hypothermia on adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate, glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen synthase and metabolites
      following maximal electroshock or decapitation.

PMID- 176318
TI  - Rate of oxygen uptake by the NN cell line of hamster astroglia: lack of effect by
      excess potassium.

PMID- 176317
TI  - Regional distribution and properties of the glycine cleavage system within the
      central nervous system of the rat: evidence for an endogenous inhibitor during in
      vitro assay.

PMID- 176319
TI  - Cells isolated from trypsin-treated brain contain trypsin.

PMID- 176320
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides in murine brain: the temporal relationship of changes induced
      in adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate following
      maximal electroshock or decapitation.

PMID- 176321
TI  - Neuroblastoma cell adenylate cyclase: direct activation by adenosine and
      prostaglandins.

PMID- 176323
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in rat cerebral cortex: effect of potassium ions in
      vivo (cortical spreading depression).

PMID- 176322
TI  - Effect of neomycin on phosphoinositide labelling and calcium binding in guinea
      pig inner ear tissues in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 176324
TI  - Solubilization of sphingomyelinase by isotonic extraction of rat brain lysosomes.

PMID- 176325
TI  - Electrophysiological changes during episodes of the Kleine-Levin syndrome.
AB  - Diurnal EEGs of a 17 year old male with the Kleine-Levin syndrome revealed
      moderate diffuse abnormalities and stage REM at sleep onset during attacks.
      Overnight, stages 3, 4, and REM of sleep were decreased, but sleep onset REM
      stage was not seen. These records returned to normal between attacks.

PMID- 176326
TI  - Motor nerve conduction study in patients on diphenylhydantoin therapy.
AB  - Mean motor conduction velocity of posterior tibial nerves was significantly
      reduced in epileptic patients treated with diphenylhydantoin formore than 10
      years or in patients with serum diphenylhydantoin level above 20 mug/ml.
      Subnormal serum folate was not responsible for this reduction and clinical
      peripheral neuropathy was infrequent.

PMID- 176327
TI  - Pure motor hemiplegia secondary to brain-stem tumour.
AB  - 'Pure motor hemiplegia' is a common stroke  syndrome defined by Fisher as
      paralysis of face, arm, and leg on one side, unaccompanied by sensory signs,
      visual field defect, aphasia, or apractognosia. It occurs almost exclusively in
      hypertensive patients and carried a good prognosis. We report a case of a
      normotensive patient in whom pure motor hemiplegia was the presenting feature,
      not of a cerebrovascular syndrome, but of a pontine glioblastoma. We note that
      brain-stem tumours may masquerade as brain-stem strokes.

PMID- 176328
TI  - Adenyl cyclase system and cerebral energy state.
AB  - The energy charge potential of the cerebral adenylate system, the cerebral
      lactate: pyruvate system, and the cerebral glycogen level were used to
      characterize the cerebral energy state of the brain. Cerebral adenyl cyclase
      activity and cyclic AMP concentrations were investigated to evaluate their
      possible influence on the regulatory processes in brain metabolism. These
      biochemical parameters were evaluated on the cortical motor area of the brain of
      the beagle dog in hypovolaemic hypotension during acute hypoxia (obtained by
      altering the composition of the inhalation mixture) and during the post-hypoxic
      recovery (three minutes after the restoration of normal ventilation). This
      experimental model of acute hypoxia was also used for investigating the action of
      some substances acting at beta-adrenergic receptor level or at vascular level.
      The substances were perfused into the carotid artery at the rate of 0.5 ml/min
      for three to six minutes. During the first stage of hypoxia, the adenyl cyclase
      system is probably an important biochemical regulatory factor. This system
      becomes less important when a critical threshold is crossed (oxygen arterial
      partial pressure less than 25-20 mmHg) below which other factors become rate
      limiting. A beta-receptor stimulating agent enhanced the mechanisms of
      physiological post-hypoxic recovery; inhibition of this action was obtained with
      a beta-receptor blocking agent. Under these experimental conditions, no
      correlation existed between the vascular effects of the agents and brain
      metabolism.

PMID- 176329
TI  - Morphology and enzyme histochemistry of dorsal muscles of the cat neck.
AB  - An examination has been made of the five dorsal muscles of the cat neck which
      insert into the lamboidal crest. The three larger muscles, splenius, biventer
      cervicis, and complexus, are characterized by the presence of tendinous
      inscriptions which serve as the insertion points of shorter muscle fibers which
      do not run the length of the muscle. Longer fibers are bound by the inscriptions
      and, thus can transmit tension developed by shorter fibers. These three muscles
      are multiply innervater by nerves emerging from upper cervical spinal roots.
      Multiple innervation is not associated with multiple end plates but with
      arrangement so that lower roots innervate a high proportion of short fibers and
      higher roots, a high proportion of long fibers. Occipitoscapularis and rectus
      capitis major are, by comparison, simple muscles, each with a single motor nerve.
      Of the muscles examined, occipitoscapularis alone does not have its origin on the
      vertebral column but on the scapula, and is unlikely to have any major function
      in head movement.

PMID- 176330
TI  - Morphological correlates of synaptic transmission in lamprey spinal cord.
AB  - The dye Procion brown was used to identify in the light and electron microscope,
      synaptic contacts made between monosynaptically coupled neurons in the lamprey
      spinal cord whose synaptic interaction had been recorded. Synaptic contacts were
      made on different dendrites of the postsynaptic cell at different distances from
      the soma. Some of the contacts were made on dentritic spines and some on the
      smooth shaft of the dentrites. Serial sections through synaptic contacts made on
      dendritic processess of the postsynaptic cells were used for three-dimensional
      reconstruction of the synapses using computer graphics techniques. The computer
      reconstructions and detailed examination of the serial EM micrographs revealed
      the large proliferation of membrane involved in making these en passant synapses
      as well as the morphological changes due to stimulation of the presynaptic axon.
      These changes include depletion of synaptic vesicles and formation of complex
      vesicles and synaptic cisternae. Besides chemical synaptic contacts, four
      electrotonic contacts were located, confirming the mixed electrochemical synaptic
      response recorded from the postsynaptic cell. The mean quantum content was
      estimated and compared with the estimate of the available transmitter pool,
      assuming the quantal release hypothesis applies at these synapses. The total
      transmitter pool was estimated by counting all synaptic vesicles in all synaptic
      contacts. It was estimated that about 6% of the total transmitter pool is
      available for release at these synapses. This compares with less than 1% at the
      neuromuscular junction and about 20% at sympathetic synapses. These results
      support the hypothesis that synaptic vesicles may be recycled as described by
      Heuser and Reese (22) at the neuromuscular junction. Ongoing studies are
      investigating the effect on a variety of synaptic junctions to stimulation for
      different periods of time of presynaptic axons. The methods described in this
      study can also be used to test the models of synaptic interaction on dendritic
      trees described by Rall (39) and Jack and Redman (24).

PMID- 176331
TI  - Glioblastoma multiforme in children.
AB  - Of 488 children with central nervous system neoplasms, 43 (8.8%) had
      glioblastomas, 22 of which were in the cerebral hemispheres, 16 in the brain
      stem, two in the cerebellum, and three in the spinal cord. The male to female
      ratio was 3:2. Glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebral hemispheres occurred at a
      mean age of 12.7 years, and the frontal lobe was the most commonly involved. Main
      presenting symptoms included headache (85%), nausea or vomiting (65%), and
      seizures (35%). Papilledema (45%) was the most common physical finding. The
      longest survivals were achieved by a combination of operation and radiation (22
      months). Brain stem glioblastomas occurred at a mean age of 6.7 years, with the
      pons as the most frequent site. Nausea or vomiting (50%) and headache (36%) were
      the main presenting symptoms; the major physical findings were ataxia (43%),
      cranial nerve palsies (28%), and paresis (28%). The length of survival was
      greatest with radiation alone (10.5 months). The period of survival of children
      with glioblastoma multiforme was significantly increased with steroid therapy.
      Glioblastoma multiforme behaves similarly in children and adults. Intracranial
      glioblastomas have a more rapidly fatal course than that of other similarly
      situated gliomas in childhood.

PMID- 176332
TI  - Localization of myocardial disorders other than infarction with 99mTc-labeled
      phosphate agents.
AB  - Myocardial studies with 99mTc-labeled phosphate agents were obtained in 20
      patients without demonstrable cardiovascular disease, 24 patients with unstable
      arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) without acute infarction, and six patients
      with myocardiopathy. The patients without cardiovascular disease showed no
      localization or tracer; the patients with unstable ASHD and without acute
      infarction showed nonfocal ill-defined accumulation of tracer; and the patients
      with myocardiopathy showed diffuse accummulation of tracer throughout the
      confines of an enlarged cardiac outline. Careful evaluation of both the
      distribution and intensity of the activity, in conjunction with the clinical
      picture, allows differentiation among these disease processes. Since ischemic
      areas around infarcted tissue may show increased activity, the value of this
      technique for sizing acute myocardial infarction may be limited.

PMID- 176334
TI  - Nature of the dietary carbohydrate and metabolism of glycosaminoglycans and
      glycoproteins in rats.
AB  - The polysaccharide from blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) has been previously reported
      to cause lower cholesterol, phospholipids and triglyceride levels in rats fed
      either low-or high-fat diets containing cholesterol. The effect of this
      polysaccharide fraction as compared to that of glucose and sucrose on the
      metabolism of glycosaminoglycans and glycoprotein has been studied. The pattern
      of change in the levels of different glycosaminoglycans varied in the different
      tissues. Sucrose fed animals gave lower levels of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in
      the aorta and liver. The polysaccharide and glucose fed animals gave comparable
      values in the aorta except in the case of chondroitin sulfate B which was higher
      and heparin lower in the polysaccharide group. L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate
      amino transferase and UDPG dehydrogenase were lowest in the sucrose fed animals
      and highest in the polysacchride group with the animals in the glucose group
      showing intermediate values, but UDPG pyrophosphorylase, while highest in the
      polysaccharide group, was similar in the glucose and sucrose groups. Some of the
      degrading enzymes studied-beta-glucuronidase, hyaluronidase and aryl sulphatase
      were highest in the sucrose group and generally lowest in the polysaccharide
      group. Levels of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulphate, the biological
      sulphating agent, the sulphate activating system which includes ATP sulphurylase
      and APS kinase and sulphotransferase activity were also lowest in the sucrose fed
      group and highest in the polysaccharide group. The glycoprotein concentration was
      highest in the liver and lowest in the kidney in the sucrose group.

PMID- 176333
TI  - Bone scan patterns of patients with diffuse metastatic carcinoma of the axial
      skeleton.
AB  - Bone scan findings (using 99mTc-stannous pyrophosphate) in five patients with
      diffuse metastatic carcinoma of the axial skeleton are reviewed. Although there
      were few visually recognizable asymmetries of tracer localization, the diffuse
      involvement was diagnosed through abnormally elevated counting rates in the axial
      skeleton, decreased visualization of the kidneys, and faint or absent
      visualization of the appendicular skeleton.

PMID- 176336
TI  - Synthesis of 3-epi-cholecalciferol and 5,6-trans-3-epi-cholecalciferol.

PMID- 176335
TI  - Salivary gland tumors: review of 643 cases.
AB  - 643 cases of salivary gland tumors constitute two series of histological sections
      that were studied from hospitals and dental schools in Southeast Scotland and
      Southern Ontario. The Scottish series represented epithelial tumors of the
      parotid and intra-oral salivary glands, but the Canadian series also included
      tumors of the submandibular and sublingual glands. Classification was based on
      that recommended by the World Health Organisation (Thackray 1972). While direct
      statiscal comparisons between the two series are not appropriate, the differences
      between them suggest that malignant tumors are more common in Canada. The
      Scottish series contains the largest proportion of benign salivary tumors so far
      reported. In the Scottish series, 88.7% of parotid tumors were benign compared
      with 51.9% of Canadian series. In the Canadian series from the submandibular
      glands, 21.2% only were benign. Of the intra-oral salivary tumors, 62.2% from the
      Scottish series were benign compared with only 34.7% from the Canadian series.

PMID- 176337
TI  - Oxidative cleavage of alpha-keto, alpha-hydroxy, and alpha-halo ketones, esters,
      and carboxylic acids by superoxide.

PMID- 176339
TI  - Histochemical characteristics of muco-substances in three soft-tissue tumours.
AB  - The mucosubstances present in myxoid liposarcomas, malignant fibrous
      histiocytomas and intramuscular myxomas were investigated. The results suggest
      that such investigations are unlikely to provide a useful diagnostic aid in these
      three lesions.

PMID- 176338
TI  - [Studies on the relationship between clinical course and antibody titer to
      Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 176340
TI  - Distal oxidative metabolic responses induced by epidermal injury.

PMID- 176341
TI  - [Studies on pyridazine 1,2-dioxides. III. Nucleophilic substitution of 3,6
      dimethylpyridazine 1,2-dioxide (author's transl)].

PMID- 176342
TI  - [A hydrolytic procedure for glycosides with peroidate and cyclohexylamine and its
      possible application to sugar-genin linkage determination (author's transl)].

PMID- 176344
TI  - Retardation of dissolution and growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate.
AB  - The kinetics of dissolution and growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate were
      examined in the presence of small concentrations of pyrophosphate, chlorophyll,
      and other agents. Data presented show that the retardation in mass transport in
      both processes is controlled by the nature of the additive, its concentration,
      and the way the additives are combined in the dissolution medium. Dissolution was
      studied using a particle counter method, and growth was conducted in a gel system
      under the slow diffusion of the reacting ions. Results obtained show that
      chlorophyll is more active than other inhibitors studied and suggest a higher
      surface adsorption intensity on the primary sources of the crystal surface.

PMID- 176343
TI  - Derivatization in gas chromatography.

PMID- 176345
TI  - Antinociceptive effects of lanthanum and cerium in nontolerant and morphine
      tolerant-dependent animals.
AB  - Intracerebroventricularly (i.vt.) administered lanthanum chloride was found to
      produce antinociceptive effects as measured by the mouse tail-flick and hot plate
      tests and the rat tail-flick test. These antinociceptive effects were reduced by
      peripheral administration of the narcotic antagonist naloxone or by i.vt.
      administration of calcium chloride. In addition, animals made tolerant to
      morphine were also tolerant to the effects of La+++. In morphine-dependent mice,
      the incidence of both abrupt and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumping was
      reduced by La+++ administration. In view of the known inhibitory effects of La+++
      on Ca++ binding and movement, these findings suggest that alterations in Ca++
      localization may be involved in the analgetic action of narcotic drugs as well as
      the development of narcotic tolerance and dependence.

PMID- 176346
TI  - Decreased vascular relaxation in hypertension.
AB  - Relaxation of spirally cut aortic strips was diminished in vessels from both
      spontaneously hypertensive rats and renal hypertensive rats. Aortic relaxation
      was decreased in response to the cyclic nucleotides and the beta adrenergic
      stimulant, isoproterenol, in both models, of hypertension. Defective aortic
      relaxation also occurred with two other vasodilators, nitroglycerin and
      adenosine. Further evidence for a reduced relaxant ability of blood vessels from
      hypertensive rats was obtained by measuring aortic relaxation after exposure and
      subsequent removal of vascular contractile agonists. The time for aortic
      preparations from spontaneously hypertensive rats to relax to base-line tension
      after maximum contraction with norepinephrine, serotonin and potassium chloride
      was significantly prolonged compared to recovery time for vessels from Kyoto
      Wistar normotensive rats. Treatment of the spontaneously hypertensive rat with
      reserpine, but not hydralazine, resulted in an improved ability of aortic
      preparations to relax. Based on these data, we propose that defects in vascular
      relaxation may contribute to hypertension and that some antihypertensive drugs
      may improve or facilitate vascular relaxation.

PMID- 176348
TI  - [Dynamic energy participation in electrogenesis of the myocardium (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 176349
TI  - Educational preparation for community mental health nursing.

PMID- 176347
TI  - Analysis of pairs of individual Ia-E.P.S.P.S in single motoneurones.
AB  - 1. Recordings of individual e.p.s.p.s evoked by the action of single medial
      gastrocnemius Ia fibres have been made from medial gastrocnemius motoneurones. In
      many motoneurones the action of two Ia fibres has been observed and the
      properties of the e.p.s.p.s compared. 2. For sixty-three pairs of averaged
      e.p.s.p.s, each from the same motoneurone, the ratio of half-widths was plotted
      against the ratio of rise times. These results were compared with theoretical
      values derived from the Rall compartmental model. It was found that variations in
      synaptic current time courses and differences in the termination of localized
      synaptic terminals were not sufficient to account for all the data. 3. Amplitude
      and rise time were inversely related but the correlation coefficient was very
      low. For pairs of e.p.s.p.s in the same motoneurone the e.p.s.p. with the fast
      rise time was larger than that with the slow rise time in forty-eight of sixty
      three cases. 4. In a given motoneurone individual e.p.s.p.s evoked by the action
      of different Ia fibres did not vary greatly in amplitude. The ratio of peak
      amplitudes was less than 3 for 86% of the pairs of e.p.s.p.s examined, and the
      maximum was 4-8. 5. Amplitude histograms were constructed for individual
      e.p.s.p.s at thirty-three synapses. Twenty-two of them could be shown to satisfy
      the Poisson law. The others satisfied the binomial law or neither. 6. Within a
      given motoneurone the amplitude of an e.p.s.p. is closely related to the mean
      number of quanta released but not to the amplitude of the unit e.p.s.p. produced
      by the action of a single quantum of transmitter.

PMID- 176350
TI  - Psychotherapeutic intervention by nurse clinical specialist.

PMID- 176351
TI  - Group psychotherapy in a state mental hospital: who needs it?

PMID- 176352
TI  - Witchcraft and mass hysteria in terms of current psychological theories.

PMID- 176354
TI  - Personality and interests in the aged.

PMID- 176355
TI  - Psychiatric inpatient unit and outpatient clinic liaison service.

PMID- 176353
TI  - International trends.

PMID- 176356
TI  - Cyclic AMP in sheep ovarian follicles: site of production and response to
      gonadotrophins.
AB  - This study was undertaken (i) to establish a relationship between cyclic AMP
      (cAMP) production and the degree of LH and FSH stimulation; (ii) to determine the
      effects of various gonadotrophins on follicular formation of cAMP; and (iii) to
      identify the precise intrafollicular site of cAMP formation. The formation of
      cAMP increased rapidly in follicles exposed to LH. Maximum concentrations were
      reached after 90 min and were maintained for 180 min. Extracellular release of
      cAMP increased steadily throughout the 180-min experimental period. Tissue levels
      of cAMP increased proportionally and significantly when LH concentrations in the
      medium were increased from 0 to 200 mi.u. ml-1. Tissue levels of cAMP were
      significantly increased by HCG, prostaglandin E-2 and noradrenaline, but not by
      prolactin, prostaglandin F-2alpha, serotonin or melatonin. Cyclic AMP formation
      occurred predominantly in the thecal compartment; the membrana granulosa
      contributed less than 3% of the total amount of cAMP formed after gonadotrophic
      stimulation. A significant amount of cAMP from the thecal cells was released into
      the extracellular compartment and appeared to pass into the granulosa cells.

PMID- 176357
TI  - Effect of LH on the release of cyclic AMP by the rabbit ovary perfused in vivo
      and in vitro.
AB  - After perfusion of 10 rabbit ovaries in vitro with a modified Krebs bicarbonate
      buffer containing dextran and glucose, the concentration of cAMP in the perfusion
      medium was significantly increased 2-5 min after stimulation with 10 mug LH/ml
      medium and was higher at 15 and 30 min. Intravenous injection of 100 mug
      LH/rabbit caused a significant increase of cAMP concentrations in the ovarian
      venous blood from 8 ovaries 10 min after the injection and the cAMP
      concentrations were higher after 15 and 30 min. The ovarian blood flow was not
      changed after the LH injection. It is concluded that perfusion techniques can be
      useful in analysis of the mechanisms and physiological significance of release of
      cAMP from the ovary after hormonal stimulation.

PMID- 176358
TI  - Natural estrogen and anti-thrombin III activity in postmenopausal women.
AB  - Anti-thrombin III activity was measured in normal pre- and postmenopausal female
      controls: during late pregnancy, in young women taking oral contraceptives and in
      postmenopausal women treated with natural, conjugated estrogens. Both the
      pregnant patients and women on oral contraceptives had significantly lower anti
      thrombin III levels when compared with the normal, untreated control group.
      Treatment with natural estrogens did not result in any alteration in anti
      thrombin III activity. There was no significant difference in the anti-thrombin
      III values in the pre- and postmenopausal control subjects.

PMID- 176359
TI  - Adriamycin analogs. Periodate oxidation of adriamycin.
AB  - Adriamycin is selectively cleaved in high yield at the C13-C14 bond by 1 equiv of
      sodium metaperiodate to yield carboxylic acid 3. The corresponding methyl ester 4
      is obtained by Fischer esterification. Spectral studies indicate that 3 and 4
      bind to calf thymus DNA in a manner similar to adriamycin and daunomycin but Tm
      measurements suggest that less stable complexes are formed. Ester 4 inhibits DNA
      and RNA synthesis in cultured L1210 cells at levels comparable to adriamycin but
      acid 3 is much less effective. Both new compounds are moderately effective as
      antitumor agents against P388 lymphocytic leukemia in the mouse.

PMID- 176360
TI  - Synthesis of some 1, 8- and 2, 8-disubstituted derivatives of adenosine cyclic
      3', 5'-phosphate and their interaction with some enzymes of cAMP metabolism.
AB  - 1, 8-Disubstituted derivatives of adenosine cyclic 3', 5'-phosphate (cAMP) were
      synthesized by N-oxidation or N-methylation of previously reported 8-substituted
      cAMP derivatives to yield 8-bromoadenosine cyclic 3', 5'-phosphate 1-oxide and 8
      (benzylthio)-1-methyladenosine cyclic 3', 5'-phosphate. Substituents were
      introduced into the 8 position of 2-methyladenosine cyclic 3', 5'-phosphate and 2
      butyladenosine cyclic 3', 5'-phosphate by bromination, followed by treatment with
      sodium benzylmercaptide, sodium p-chlorothiophenolate, or, in the former case,
      sodium azide. Each of the 1,8- and 2,8-disubstituted derivatives of cAMP was
      tested as activators of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and as substrates for the
      inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Depending on the
      substitutions, examples were found where the disubstituted derivatives were
      either more active, equally as active or less active than the monosubstituted
      parent compounds as protein kinase activators. For the compounds reported, 8
      substitution completely or substantially eliminated the ability of 1- or 2
      substituted derivatives of cAMP to serve as substrates for phosphodiesterase and
      diminished the ability of these latter derivatives to inhibit cAMP hydrolysis.

PMID- 176362
TI  - Selective inhibition of urea transport by oxidizing agents. Evidence for a site
      of inhibition behond the generation of cyclic AMP.
AB  - Urea and water transport across the toad bladder epithelial cell  appears to take
      place through independent vasopressin-stimulated pathways. Agents such as
      chromate, for example, when added to the luminal bathing medium, inhibit urea
      transport without inhibiting osmotic water flow, providing evidence for such
      independent pathways. In the present study, selective inhibition of urea
      transport is shown for permanganate and methylene blue, which like chromate, are
      oxidizing agents. Permanganate inhibits urea transport irreversibly, while
      methylene blue acts reversibly. Not all oxidizing agents are inhibitory;
      perchlorate, peroxide and ferricyanide have no effect on urea transport or water
      flow. Permanganate and chromate both act at a point beyond the generation of
      cyclic AMP, since they continue to inhibit urea transport in bladders treated
      with exogenous cyclic AMP, 8-bromoadenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate, and a
      combination of cyclic AMP and theophylline. These findings suggest that selective
      inhibition of urea transport can be brought about by oxidation of  one or more
      components in its transport pathway, and that, in the case of chromate and
      permanganate, these components may be in the luminal membrane itself.

PMID- 176361
TI  - Genetic factors in amyloidosis.
AB  - In the absence of biochemical distinctions, the nosography of the inherited
      amyloidoses must at present depend largely upon clinical subdivisions. In the
      broad classification adopted here, the disorders have for convenience been
      grouped according to the anatomical system that is predominantly affected. It is
      evident that the amyloid syndromes display considerable heterogeneity. However,
      they overlap. Thus in the Iowa type classified with the hereditary amyloid
      neuropathies (van Allen et al, 1969; Gimeno et al, 1974), renal involvement was
      frequent and was the usual cause of death. In the English (Zalin et al, 1974) and
      Scandinavian (Andersson, 1970) families with neuropathy as the predominant
      feature, cardiac involvement was a common finding. In certain of the conditions
      discussed, such as medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and Down's syndrome,
      amyloid deposition is merely an incidental aspect of the disorder. In those
      conditions in which generalized or localized amyloid deposition occupies a more
      central position in the clinical syndrome, an autosomal dominant inheritance has
      been established or suggested in the majority. An autosomal recessive inheritance
      has so far only been recognized in familial Mediterranean fever. In the family
      with hereditary amyloid heart diseases reported by Fredricksen et al (1962), the
      disorder was confined to a single sibship, raising the possibility of recessive
      inheritance. This could also be true in sporadic examples of primary amyloidosis.
      The dominantly inherited amyloidoses comprise a number of geographically widely
      scattered families with clinical pictures that do not show consistent differences
      between some families. The families that do not show consistent differences are
      not necessarily harbouring nutations at the same locus, or the same mutation at
      any particular locus. However, many of these dominantly inherited clinical
      syndromes are sufficiently different from each other and the clinical
      manifestations of each sufficiently consistent to indicate that separate main
      genes are likely to be involved...

PMID- 176365
TI  - A physical map of the Rous sarcoma virus genome.

PMID- 176366
TI  - Isolation, propagation and characterization of replication requirements of
      reiteration mutants of Simian Virus 40.

PMID- 176364
TI  - Study of enzymes regulating vasopressin-stimulated cyclic AMP metabolism in
      separated mitochondria-rich and granular epithelial cells of toad urinary
      bladder.
AB  - The epithelial cells of the toad urinary bladder are morphologically
      heterogenous. In order to relate the effect of vasopressin on cyclic AMP
      metabolism to cell type, the epithelial cells were separated by the density
      gradient technique of Scott, Sapirstein and Yoder (Science 184:797, 1974). The
      separation was verified by electron-microscopy and by observing that the band of
      cells enriched in mitochondria-rich cells was enriched in carbonic anhydrase
      activity compared to the band of granular cells. A large portion of cells
      collected from the gradient was considered to be nonviable, precluding further
      study of their function as intact cells. Vasopressin-stimulated adenylate cyclase
      activity in homogenates of granular cells was simular to that in homogenates of
      mitochondria-rich cells. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity was also
      similar in the two types of cell. Thus, the enzymes known to be involved in
      cyclic AMP metabolism in response to vasopressin appear to be located in both
      major cell types.

PMID- 176363
TI  - Control of the uptake of amino acids by serum chick embryo cells, untransformed
      or transformed rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - Forty to fifty minutes after removal of serum, the net total uptake of amino
      acids in growing secondary cultures of normal or virus-transformed chick embryo
      cells, stopped or proceeded only at a highly reduced rate. In both normal and
      transformed cells, the initial (0-40 min) rate of the above uptake was the same
      in the absence of serum as in its presence. The initial rate of the total uptake
      of amino acids in growing transformed cells was about the same as in growing
      normal cells. Neither in the normal nor in the transformed cells was the rate of
      the total uptake of amino acids reduced by cell confluence alone. In highly
      dense, hyperconfluent cultures of normal cells in which cell growth was arrested,
      the rate of uptake in the absence or in the presence of serum was four- to
      fivefold lower than the rate obtained in growing normal cells under similar
      conditions; in the absence of serum, the net uptake stopped after 40 min in the
      hyperconfluent cultures as well. It appears that cells growing in tissue culture
      require a serum factor for maintenance of the required high rates of uptake of
      amino acids and that the inhibition of growth at high cell densities is a result
      of depletion of this factor from serum, or the inability of the cells in a dense
      culture to respond to the factor. A serum factor is apparently also required for
      maintenance of the reduced rates of uptake of amino acids observed in
      hyperconfluent cultures.

PMID- 176367
TI  - The size and the cistronic origin of defective vesicular stomatitis virus
      particle RNAs in relation to homotypic and heterotypic interference.

PMID- 176368
TI  - Purification of DNA complementary to nucleotide sequences required for neoplastic
      transformation of fibroblasts by avian sarcoma viruses.

PMID- 176369
TI  - The cytochrome fold and the evolution of bacterial energy metabolism.

PMID- 176370
TI  - Metabolism of palmitaldehyde in human cardiac muscle.

PMID- 176371
TI  - Myocardial protein kinases: I. Properties of soluble and membrane-bound catalytic
      subunits.

PMID- 176372
TI  - Myocardial protein kinases: II. Isoproterenol-induced changes in the activity of
      soluble and membrane-bound enzymes of rat left ventricle.

PMID- 176373
TI  - Characterization of mouse mammary tumor viruses from primary tumor cell
      cultures.I. Immunologic and structural studies.
AB  - Primary cell cultures of mammary tumors from Rill, GR, DD, BALB/cfC3H, and BALB/c
      mice were prepared by trypsin-EDTA dissociation of tumors. Cultures from these
      strains contained predominantly cells of epithelial morphology which formed three
      dimensional domelike structures. Cultures from Rill, GR, DD, and BALB/cfC3H
      tumors produced extra-cellular type-B mouse mammary tumor virus(es) (MuMTV),
      either in the absence of detectable type-C virus or with less  than 1%
      contamination with type-C virus. This was determined by radioimmunoassays for
      MuMTV and murine leukemia virus (MuLV) antigens. Only BALB/c cultures produced
      MuMTV with as much as 3%  contaminating MuLV. High levels of MuMTV surface
      antigen were also found in soluble form in culture supernatants. Virus
      polypeptide analyses by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels showed that the
      Rill BALB/cfC3H, DD, and BALB/c viruses all contained polypeptides characteristic
      of MuMTV. Primary cultures of mammary tumor cells make available a source of
      purified MuMTV antigens, structural proteins, and nucleic acids for comparative
      studies of MuMTV from various mouse strains.

PMID- 176374
TI  - Characterization of mouse mammary tumor viruses from primary tumor cell cultures.
      II. Biochemical and biophysical studies.
AB  - Primary mammary tumor cultures of RIII, GR, DD, BALB/c, and BALB/cfC3H mice were
      examined for mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) production. Levels of production
      of 12-32 mug virus protein/day/75-cm2 culture flask could be maintained for 30-50
      days with daily virus harvests. The viruses from tumor cell cultures of these
      mouse strains contained DNA polymerase with a strong preference for Mg++ over
      Mn++ as the divalent cation, a characteristic of DNA polymerase of MuMTV from
      mouse milk. These viruses from tumor cell cultures were excellent sources of
      MuMTV 3H-complementary DNA (complexed to 60-70S RNA) and radioactive 60-70S RNA,
      sufficiently free of contaminating murine leukemia virus nucleic acids, that can
      be used in molecular hybridization experiments. The effects of several culture
      parameters on MuMTV production were also studied.

PMID- 176375
TI  - A murine Wilms' tumor as a model for chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
AB  - We studied the effect on tumor volumes and host survival of twenty-four
      chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic regimens in rats bearing the Furth/Columbia
      murine Wilms' tumor. After 5 years and some 100 transfers, this tumor retained
      its sensitivity to suitable combinations of actinomycin D, vincristine, and X
      ray, regimens in current use in the treatment of human Wilms' tumor. Cytoxan
      alone was highly inhibitory; adriamycin was modestly inhibitory; and lethal doses
      of methotrexate followed by leucovorin "rescue" were slightly inhibitory to the
      growth of the rat tumor. No other chemotherapeutic agent tested was effective by
      our criteria. Cytoxan, with or without adriamycin, and X-irradiation, were the
      most useful combinations studied. The chemotherapeutic agents given 3 days before
      irradiation were significantly more carcinostatic than they were when given after
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 176376
TI  - Airborne transmission of polyoma virus.
AB  - Polyoma virus (PV) infection was transmitted through the air of an animal
      laboratory. Mice free of detectable antibodies to PV were exposed for 1 month to
      the airborne environment of laboratories housing naturally infected mice. The
      seroconversion rate was 75% (24/32), as measured by hemagglutination inhibition.
      Control mice, housed in the sterile atmosphere of a mass air flow cabinet (MAFC)
      in the same laboratory, had a seroconversion rate of 15.8% (3/19). Airborne
      transmission occurred bia PV aerosois, generated by the handling of contaminated
      bedding, cages, and mice during weekly housekeeping. Length of exposure to PV
      aerosols correlated with seroconversion. One- and 3-hour exposures resulted in
      seroconversion rates of 40% (6/15) and 72% (23/32), respectively. Seroconversion
      rates of mice continuously housed in MAFC totaled 5% (2/40). Checkerboarding mice
      free of detectable antibodies with mice given 10(5) mean tissue culture infective
      doses of PV ip resulted in an airborne infection rate of 50% (15/30) in a
      conventionally ventilated room during a 12-week study. The airborne transmission
      rate was 10% (3/30) when experiments were performed in a mass air flow room with
      a vertical air velocity of 30 feet/minute was used. Antibodies to PV could not be
      detected in any of 138 human sera, including sera from 29 animal-care technicians
      who handled PV-infected mice and 15 personnel who had worked with the virus.

PMID- 176377
TI  - Growth in semisolid agar medium of human cord leukocytes freshly transformed by
      Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - The semisolid agar method for the selective growth of transformed cells was
      applied to investigations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation. When 1 X
      10(5) HUMAn umbilical-cord  blood leukocytes were seeded in agar medium
      immediately after EBV exposure, about 100 colonies developed in each dish. The
      occurrence of colonies correlated well with dilutions of EBV inoculum. These
      colonies were composed of lymphoblasts, were positive for EBV-determined nuclear
      antigen immunofluorescence, and consistently resulted in the establishment of
      cell lines. In cord leukocyte cultures exposed to EBV, cells capable of growing
      in semisolid agar medium appeared early and increased rapidly, though the total
      numbers of leukocytes and control cultures decreased during the first several
      days.

PMID- 176378
TI  - Stimulatory effect of 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate on protein synthesis in heat
      shocked murine leukemia lymphoblasts.
AB  - The murine leukemia lymphoblast line L5178Y was tested for its early molecular
      response to the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Protein synthesis was
      reversibly inhibited by short durations of hyperthermia, and against this reduced
      background of protein synthetic activity, early leucine incorporation (30-120
      min)  was markedly and consistently stimulated by the presence of the cyclic
      nucleotide. The effect became one of inhibition with extended times of incubation
      (longer than 120 min).

PMID- 176379
TI  - Genetic analysis of mammary tumor induction and expression of mammary tumor virus
      antigen in hormone-treated ovariectomized GR mice.
AB  - Early stages of mammary tumors (EMT) were induced with a combined treatment of
      progesterone (P) and estrone (E) in ovariectomized adult GRS/A (GR) mice, a
      strain of European origin and with a high incidence of mammary cancer. The
      mammary tumors were comparable to the pregnancy-dependent tumors of breeding
      females of this strain. The hormone treatment did not lead to EMT in a variety of
      other strains and only occasionally in the RIII an C3H strains. Treatment with P
      or E alone di not lead to EMT in GR mice, but treatment with the steroid compound
      17 alpha-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone (ANT) did mimic the combined effe(t of P and
      E. Since EMT could be induced by ANT in all ovariectomized adult GR mice within 3
      weeks, this tumor-induction method was suitable for analysis of the gene
      responsible for palpable, pregnancy-dependent mammary tumors of this strain.
      Another argument for the usefulness of this test for genetic analysis was the
      fact that, though mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) of the GR strain was
      introduced into BALB/c and tmas mice by foster-nursing, ANT treatment did not
      lead to EMT. First and second backcross analyses showed that one gene was
      responsible for EMT induction. There was a strong (orrelation between the
      presence of EMT and MuMTV antigens in the mammary glands and milk of several
      first backcross populations between GR and other strains such as C57BL, BALB/c,
      DBAf, and C3Hf. This suggested that the expression of MuMTV antigens was also
      controlled by the EMT gene. Two types of resistance phenomena were observed.
      Neither type could prevent EMT after hormone treatment; however, they could delay
      EMT development. One resistance factor for EMT induction was noticeable and
      dominant in reciprocal hybrids of the GR and DBAf strains, whereas another
      resistance factor was detected in the backcross population only [i.e., in the
      C57BL X (C57BL X Gr) ba(kcross] and not in hybrids; therefore, this factor was
      recessive. Until now, linkage experiments with 18 markers to locate the gene for
      EMT induction in the map of the mouse were unsuccessful.

PMID- 176380
TI  - Amount of satellite DNA in four experimentally induced tumors of the central
      nervous system. Quantitative changes in a glioblastoma producing C-type
      particles.
AB  - The quantitative preservation of satellite NA was studied in several central
      nervous system (CNS) neoplasms; four tumor lines deriveo from 3
      methylcholanthrene implantation into the CNS of mice were compared with brain and
      tissue cultures of normal mouse cells by analytical centrifugation in cesium
      chlorie. Three tumors showed no detectable difference from normal cells; nuclear
      and whole cell preparations were comparable. Only a glioblastoma line proucing C
      type particles (TC509) revealed a significant difference from normal cells and
      exhibited a decrease of approximately 20% in satellite DNA or 2% of the total DNA
      on repeated examination for 1 year. C-type RNA virus may be related to relative
      decreases in satellite DNA observed in TC509.

PMID- 176381
TI  - Development of a lymphocyte transformation microassay for murine leukemia virus.
AB  - A lymphocyte transformation microassay (LTA) was developed from spleen harvests
      of 6- to 8-week-old BABL/cCr mice.  The optimal culture conditions for the
      microassay were established by measurement of lymphoblastogenesis in response to
      phytohemagglutin (PHA) and pokeweek mitogen. Immunization, as measured by the
      LTA, of adult BALB/cCr mice with formalin-inactivated, sucrose-banded, murine
      type-C viruses was achieved with a three-dose regimen of 200, 100, and 100 mug
      during 3 successive weeks (Freund's complete adjuvant was used with the first
      dose). The ip route of immunization induced the best responses in lymphocytes
      harvested 18 days after the last immunogen was given. The LTA was consistently
      reproducible, limited only by biological variability of the mouse and the
      standardization of the antigen preparation. In mice immunized with Rauscher
      murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV) or AKR MuLV vaccine, the LTA was specific for the
      C-type virus and could be used to distinguish viral subtypes, because R-MuLV
      elicited responses significantly different from a B-tropic BALB/c leukemia virus.
      This specificity was evident when the stimulating antigen was presented as UV
      inactivated, sucrose-banded virus or as freeze-thaw extracts of cell infected
      with MuLV.

PMID- 176382
TI  - Biochemical studies on mitochondria isolated from Normal and Neoplastic Tissues
      of the Mouse Mammary Gland.
AB  - Mitochondria isolated from spontaneous and transplanted mammary adenocarcinomas
      of two strains of mice were compared, by various  biochemical criteria, to
      mitochondria from mammary glands of midpregnant or hormonally stimulated, cancer
      free mice. The specific activities of several mitochondrial enzymes including
      cytochrome oxidase, alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase, and succinate dehydrogenase
      were twofold to threefold lower, whereas the activity of monoamine oxidase was
      two fold higher in tumor mitochondria. Malate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase,
      and NADH oxidase showed similar levels of activity in tumor and midpregnant
      mammary gland mitochondria. In addition, mitochondrial polypeptide composition
      was analyzed by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide
      gels. Midpregnant mammary gland and mammary tumor mitochondria were similar in
      polypeptide composition; however, several differences were observed. A high
      molecular-weight polypeptide, present in mid-pregnant mammary gland mitochondria
      was absent from tumor mitochondria. Also, tumor mitochondria contained an
      additional high-molecular-weight polypeptide not found in the midpregnant mammary
      gland. There were numerous differences in the relative proportions of many
      polypeptides common to both tumor and midpregnant mammary gland mitochondria.

PMID- 176383
TI  - Reexpression of the original tumor pattern by a human breast carcinoma cell line
      (MCF-7) in sponge culture.
AB  - A stable cell line (MCF-7), derived from a pleural effusion of a patient with
      metastatic breast carcinoma, was maintained in these laboratories for more than 3
      years in conventional monolayer culture. To further characterize the tumor origin
      of the MCF-7 line, cells were grown on collagen-coated cellulos sponges. On the
      three-dimensional sponge matrix, the cells formed clusters, ductlike structures,
      and lumina similar to the patterns observed in the antecedent primary tumor and
      in the pleural metastasis. The similarity between the original tumor and the
      cells grown in sponge suggested that the MCF-7 cells did in fact retain the
      potential to express the histologic patterns of tumor, even in the absence of
      stroma support. This study confirmed the utility of sponge culture for the
      investigation of the retention of tumor characteristics by cultured cells of
      neoplastic origin.

PMID- 176384
TI  - Specificity of human antibodies to intracytoplasmic type-A particles of the
      murine mammary tumor virus.
AB  - Large-scale studies showed that antibodies previously detectable in women with
      proliferating mastopathy or breast cancer were directed to intracytoplasmic type
      A particles (iAp) of mouse mammary tumor virus. Immunofluorescence revealed the
      human antibodies to be bound only by those tumors producing a certain amount of
      iAp clusters visible by light microscopy. The intensity of the reaction
      corresponded to the iAp content of every tumor tested as revealed by electron
      microscopy and rabbit antisera to iAp. The fluorescence patterns obtained with
      positive human sera were similar to those obtained with rabbit antisera specific
      for iAp and resembled the tissue distribution patterns of iAp inclusions stained
      by acid fuchsin. The reaction with human sera was entirely blocked by rabbit
      antisera to iAp and, less so, by rabbit or mouse antisera to B particles. The
      human antibody activity was exhaustively absorbed by purified iAp or purified and
      disrupted B particles, which indicated that the human antibodies were directed to
      antigenic components shared by iAp and B particles. Preliminary immunoperoxidase
      studies supported the assumption that the human antibodies were bound to the iAp
      membrane; technical details might have accounted for the finding that the human
      antibodies reacted with the iAp but not with B particles in situ.

PMID- 176385
TI  - Limitation of multinucleation by dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate
      in tumor cells treated with cytochalasin B.
AB  - Hamster BHK21 tumor cells and human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells responded to
      cytochalasin B (CB) by becoming highly multinucleated. Nearly 80% of the BHK
      cells contained four or more nuclei after 7 days of exposure to CB, and 35% of
      these had at least seven nuclei. Similar frequencies of multinucleation were
      obtained with RD cells. Administration of 10(-3) M theophylline and dibutyryl
      adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (Bu2cAMP) at 5X10(-4) M or 10(-3) M to CB
      treated RD or BHK cells greatly reduced the frequency of cells with five or more
      nuclei. The frequency of cells with seven or more nuclei was reduced to less than
      5%. Along with this reduction in highly multinucleated cells was an increase in
      the incidence of binucleated cells. Bu2cAMP was toxic and caused many CB-treated
      BHK cells to detach from the culture surface, but not all cells were killed.
      Bu2cAMP had little toxic effect on CB-treated RD cells. These observations
      indicated that the inhibition of high degrees of multinucleation were not the
      result of nonspecific toxic effects of Bu2cAMP but that nuclear division was
      limited by it. The effect of Bu2cAMP on density-dependent inhibition of growth
      was also studied. Addition of only theophylline and Bu2cAMP to either BHK or RD
      cells resulted in growth to significantly lower saturation densities. The
      toxicity of Bu2cAMP on cells in crowded cultures apparently caused the limited
      propagation. Bu2cAMP resulted in significant cell killing or detachment but, once
      the lower saturation densities were reached, cell death was minimized. Thus
      Bu2cAMP did not restore contact inhibition per se. It was also found that
      untreated RD cells grew to lower concentration densities than expected from the
      microscopic inspection of cells in situ. Microscopic inspection revealed high
      concentration densities and numerous mitoses. This apparent contradiction was due
      to the ability of RD cells to fuse upon the attainment of confluence and to
      produce multinucleated cells without the aid of CB.

PMID- 176386
TI  - Antibody response to related leukosis viruses induced in chickens tolerant to an
      avian leukosis virus.
AB  - White Leghorn chickens congenitally infected with a subgroup A avian leukosis
      virus ALV-F42 were challenged at various ages with the serologically related
      subgroup A avian leukosis viruses (ALV) RAV-1, RAV-3, and RAV-5 and their
      antibody responses and viremic status determined. Birds given injections of RAV-1
      failed to produce neutralizing antibody to any of the pseudotype sarcoma viruses
      of the various ALV, whereas many birds challenged with RAV-3 or RAV-5 produced
      neutralizing antibody directed against the heterologous RAV-1 as well as the
      homologous viruses, but not against the tolerated virus ALV-F42. Virtually all
      birds remained viremic despite the presence of neutralizing antibody. The results
      suggested that a phenomenon akin to circumvention or abrogation of tolerance to
      ALV-F42 was effected, and that there are multiple determinants of the viral
      envelope antigens of ALV as measured by neutralization.

PMID- 176387
TI  - Growth suppression of subcutaneously inoculated hepatic tumors after injection of
      syngeneic liver cells into the subcutaneous tissue of rats.
AB  - One week after the sc injection of minced tissues of the livers, kidneys, or
      spleens of W, Donryu, and MP rats into the left back of syngeneic rats, ascites
      type tumor cells derived from rat hepatoma (AH 130) or Walker carcinosarcoma
      cells derived from rat breast tumor were inoculated sc into the right back.
      Ascites hepatoma cell growth was slowest in the group given the liver
      preparation, whereas no significant difference was noted in the growth of Walker
      carcinosarcoma in all groups. The results were similar in all strains.

PMID- 176388
TI  - Naturally occurring reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys: transmission.
AB  - This report describes the natural occurrence and experimental transmission of
      reticuloendotheliosis in a turkey flock. In the naturally affected turkeys,
      lesions were present in the liver, spleen, heart, intestines, and peripheral
      nerves, and were composed mainly of lymphoreticular cells. The disease was
      experimentally reproduced in turkey poults with cellfree tissue extracts of
      infected birds. A type-C RNA virus similar to reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain
      T) was present in the tissues of turkey poults experimentally inoculated. This
      virus was unrelated to the type-C RNA viruses of the avian leukosis sarcoma
      complex.

PMID- 176389
TI  - Host-range properties of murine xenotropic and ecotropic type-C viruses.
AB  - Host-range properties of xenotropic (x-tropic) and ecotropic mouse type-C viruses
      were determined. NB-tropic viruses replicated only in mouse and rat cells,
      whereas x-tropic viruses, which do not exogenously infect mouse cells, grew in
      cells from various other mammalian species. Great variability in susceptibilities
      to x-tropic viruses was demonstrated in cells from heterologous species and in
      cells from a single species (human). Although rat cells were susceptible to both
      types of viruses, hamster cells were uniformly resistant. In addition, the x
      tropic viruses crossed class barriers to infect cells of avian species but not
      insect, fish, or reptile cells.

PMID- 176390
TI  - Prevention of tumor growth after intradermal injection of BCG extracts: a
      comparison of results in strain-2 guinea pigs from the National Institutes of
      Health and from the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center.
AB  - Line 10, a transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma, was obtained originally from
      an NIH strain-2 male guinea pig fed diethylnitrosamine. The antitumor activity of
      BCG and BCG extracts was evaluated in strain-2 guinea pigs obtained both from NIH
      and the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center (NJH). Animals were
      immunized with these materials and then tested for their capacity to resist the
      growth of intradermally injected line-10 tumor cells. Tumor growth was not
      prevented in 18 NIH animals immunized with living BCG. No tumor growth occurred
      in 1 of 22 NIH animals immunized with a residue that remained after exhaustive
      methanol extraction of BCG and in 1 of 44 NIH guinea pigs immunized with BCG
      extracts. In contrast, tumor growth was prevented in 13 of 22 similarly immunized
      NJH guinea pigs.

PMID- 176391
TI  - Workshop on Epstein-Barr virus: summary and recommendations.

PMID- 176392
TI  - IgM antibody to a tumor-associated antigen (AG-4) induced by herpes simplex virus
      type 2: its use in location of the antigen in infected cells.
AB  - Rate-zonal centrifugation was used to separate 7S and 19S lg's from sera of
      patients with cervical cancer and of controls. The lg's were assayed for their
      ability to recognize AG-4, a tumor-associated antigen, and herpes simplex virus 2
      (HSV-2) by various serologic assays including neutralization, immunofluorescence,
      and complement fixation. These studies indicated that antibody to AG-4 is a
      macroglobulin; antibody-fixing complement with HSV-2 is a 7S lg. The results of
      various serologic assays did not show absolute correlation; various tests
      preferentially identified some antigen-antibody reactions. We obtained evidence
      that AG-4 is the cytoplasm and is probably on the cell surface.

PMID- 176393
TI  - Antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity against cells expressing Epstein-Barr
      virus antigens.
AB  - Antibody-dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity (ADLC) was demonstrated against
      Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected RAJI cells with peripheral with peripheral
      blood lymphocytes from EBV-infected donors. No cytotoxic activity was detected
      against unifected RAJl cells. The results indicated that this antibody-mediated
      cytotoxic reaction was directed against the same EBV-induced membrane antigens
      (MA) previously defined by the membrane immunofluorescence (MF) assay. Antibody
      to EBV-associated early antigens did not participate in this in vitro reaction.
      Antibody titers to EBV-induced MA were significantly higher by the ADLC assay in
      comparison with the MF test. A preliminary study showed no relationship between
      high antibody titers and the presence of EBV-associated malignancies. The
      possible in vivo significance of this immune reaction was discussed.

PMID- 176395
TI  - Mixed-culture cytopathogenicity between KC and XC oncornavirus indicator lines
      and "virus-free" human choriocarcinoma cells.
AB  - When rat (XC) cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus and human (KC) cells were
      cocultivated with appropriate infected cells, cell fusion was extensive and
      rapid. Many human cell lines were screened, with negative results; however,
      several hormone-secreting human choriocarcinoma cells fused extensively with both
      KC and XC cells. No evidence of a virus involvement in this interaction was found
      by direct examination, transmission, or immunologic tests.

PMID- 176394
TI  - Effect of partial hepatectomy on tumor incidence and metabolism of mice fed
      thioacetamide.
AB  - Six-week-old male Swiss mice were given 0.03% thioacetamide (TAA) in the diet 24,
      72, and 168 hours after partial hepatectomy. TAA-treated mice from all three
      groups were killed when they were 4, 9, and 13 months old. Intact and partially
      hepatectomized animals on normal diets served as controls. None of the controls
      evidenced neoplasms at any age. All three experimental groups developed liver
      tumors earlier than did intact mice treated with the TAA diet. Progressive
      metabolic studies on the livers or tumor tissues of treated mice showed that the
      levels of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, and glycogen
      decreased significantly in the 4-month-old treated group when there was no
      significant alteration in liver histology. These parameters were lowest in the
      tumor tissues of treated mice.

PMID- 176396
TI  - Vascular tumors induced by polyoma virus in pregnant rats.
AB  - Female R rats mated with an R male and inoculated in utero with polyoma virus
      after "fetectomy" developed tumors. These tumors originated in the uterus and
      were of fetal origin (visceral yolk sac). Histologically, they were hemangiomas
      or hemangiosarcomas. The latter were transplantable and grew in tissue culture.
      Infectious polyoma virus could not be isolated from the tumor cells kept as
      transplantable lines or cultured in vitro. However, the tumor cells were positive
      for the polyoma-specific surface antigen, polyoma tumor-specific transplantation
      antigen(s), and polyoma nuclear T antigen.

PMID- 176397
TI  - Prostaglandin production in cultures of BALB/3T3 and SV3T3 mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - The concentration of different prostaglandins (PG's) was determined in both cells
      and culture medium of growing BALB/3T3 and BALB/3T3 (3T3) cultures transformed by
      simian virus 40 (SV3T3). Most PG's were found in the culture medium rather than
      in the cells. Further, the larger PG measurements were PGE and a composite
      measurement of PGA and PGB. PGF was detected at lower levels. The sum of PGE and
      the composite measurement (PGA+PGB) was the best indication of PG production in
      culture. When 2-day medium collections from 3T3 and SV3T3 cells were measured by
      radioimmunoassay for PGs, higher concentrations of PG were detected in the media
      of SV3T3 cultures. This difference in PG production was not due merely to
      differences in cell density, since SV3T3 cells produced higher PG concentrations,
      even at equal cell densities. PG production for a 2-day interval was more a
      function of cell type than cell density.

PMID- 176398
TI  - Stimulation of growth of a transplantable hepatoma in rats by parenteral
      nutrition.
AB  - Young BUF rats of similar ages were inoculated with the transplantable Morris
      hepatoma No. 7777. At 4 weeks after inoculation, 1 group was given total iv
      (parenteral) feeding at high caloric and nutritional levels for 2 weeks. Such
      total iv feeding (hyperalimentation) of rats stimulated a more rapid tumor growth
      in the host. In addition, the tumors from rats fed parenterally for 2 weeks had
      higher mitotic activity and larger areas of necrosis, which indicate that iv
      feeding caused the tumor to undergo faster cell turnover with greater cell
      production and cell loss. Analysis of organ weights showed that parenteral
      feeding caused atrophy of the intestines, whereas spleen weights of the hepatoma
      bearing rats fed iv were greater than those of the orally fed hepatoma-bearing
      rats.

PMID- 176399
TI  - Immune reactivity in the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma virus oncogenesis:
      requirement of thymus-derived lymphocytes for in vivo protection.
AB  - To study the function of different lymphocyte populations in the Moloney strain
      of murine sarcoma virus (M-MuSV) tumorigenesis, we gave M-MuSV injections to CBA
      mice selectively deprived of thymus (T) lymphocytes by thymectomy, X-rradiation,
      and syngeneic bone marrow injection. Although no tumors appeared in the control
      group, 80% of the derived mice had tumors that grew progressively and ultimately
      killed them. In deprived mice, grafted with a syngeneic thymus (reconstituted
      mice) before or after an M-MuSV injection, tumors regressed or did not develop.
      Histologically, the lymph nodes and spleens of reconstituted mice, compared to
      those of deprived animals, showed repopulation of the thymus-dependent areas and
      prominent follicles in the cortex. Moreover, tumor tissue of reconstituted mice
      was extensively infiltrated by lymphocytes. To evaluate the number of lymphoid
      cells needed to prevent or regress M-MuSV tumors, we injected varying amounts of
      lymphoid cells into deprived mice. Even low lymphocyte numbers (10(6) cells) were
      sufficient to exert, in some cases, protection against M-MuSV tumorigenesis. This
      effect was not abolished by subsequent splenectomy or antilymphocyte serum
      treatment. Finally, deprived mice, given repeated injections of antiserum
      (hyperimmune) against M-MuSV, had tumors which appeared only after a prolonged
      latency. From these results, it is concluded that T-cell population integrity is
      important in affording total host protection against the M-MuSV tumors.

PMID- 176400
TI  - Detection of complement-dependent antibody to tumor cells in sera of strain-2
      guinea pigs cured of their tumors by BCG Treatment.
AB  - Sera of strain-2 guinea pigs (cured of line-10 tumor by BCG therapy) were tested
      for complement-dependent, cytotoxic antibody. About 30% of the sera tested
      contained significant cytotoxic acitivity with the addition of human, but not
      syngeneic, complement. Using papain pretreated line-10 cells, we detected
      antibody in about 50% of the sera with syngeneic sera as the source of
      complement. Antibody to line-10 was also demonstrated in selected sera by
      indirect fluorescence and the C1 fixation and transfer test.

PMID- 176402
TI  - Lack of infectivity of bovine leukemia (C-type) virus to rats.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats were given ip injections of bovine culture and sheep cultures
      of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and Gross passage-A leukemia virus [MuLV(G)]. Sera
      were tested to BLV antigens. BLV did not induce tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats,
      but the rats were susceptible to MuLV(G) at low doses.

PMID- 176401
TI  - Typical type-C virus in human leukemia.
AB  - The virus HL-23, recently isolated from a patient with myelogenous leukemia, was
      compared by electron microscopy with virus-like particles observed in human
      tissues and with several mammalian type-C virus particles. It closely resembled
      the typical type-C virus particles of murine, feline, and nonhuman primate
      species, and differed from all particles previously reported in human tissues,
      including the atypical human placental particle.

PMID- 176403
TI  - Relationship of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate to growth of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors in
      rats.
AB  - Alteration of growth of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors was
      caused by removal of estrogen (ovariectomy), or insulin (diabetes), or by
      inhibition of prolactin secretin (treatment with an ergoline derivative). The
      levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cGMP were measured in carcinomas classified as
      growing, static, and regressing. The amount of cAMP, expressed as pmoles/mg tumor
      weight or pmoles/mg protein, was lowest in growing tumors, intermediate in static
      tumors, and highest in those regressing. No correlation was seen between tumor
      growth and cGMP levels. Cyclophosphamide-induced tumor stasis did not elevate
      cAMP levels. The data suggest a role of cAMP in arrest of hormone-induced tumor
      growth.

PMID- 176404
TI  - Malignant transformation of hamster brain cells in vitro by human papovavirus Bk.
AB  - Human papovavirus BK caused the malignant transformation in vitro of brain cells
      prepared from newborn hamsters. The transformed cells produced BK virus T antigen
      and grew as tumors after sc inoculation ito hamsters that developed antibodies to
      BK virus T antigen. The histopathology of the tumors revealed an undifferentiated
      glioma.

PMID- 176405
TI  - Hepatic cytologic and neoplastic changes in mice given benzidine dihydrochloride.
AB  - The administration of benzidine dihydrochloride in water to mice for up to 39
      weeks resulted in hemosiderosis of the spleen, focal vacuolization of the
      transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder, and chronic inflammation and
      cytologic and neoplastic changes in the liver. Basophilic and acidophilic
      cytologic foci appeared in the liver as two distinct entities and both appeared
      preneoplastic. Benign and malignant liver tumors were also seen. Both types of
      cytologic changes and malignant liver tumors were more common in the female than
      male mouse.

PMID- 176406
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus--is it time to develop a vaccine program?

PMID- 176407
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus in an American patient with Burkitt's lymphoma: detection of
      viral genome in tumor tissue and establishment of a tumor-derived cell line
      (NAB).
AB  - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA (17.7 genome equivalents/cell) was found in tumor
      tissue from an American patient with Burkitt's lymphoma who had never traveled
      outside the United States. A lymphoid cell line (NAB) containing the EBV genome
      was established from tumor tissue from this patient; characteristics of this cell
      line were described. Previous Burkitt's tumors found in Americans and examined by
      molecular hybridization were negative for EBV DNA. Our results suggested that EBV
      is associated with at least some American Burkitt's tumors.

PMID- 176408
TI  - Lymphoproliferative diseases of fowl: chromosome breaks caused in lymphocytes by
      JM-V herpesvirus.
AB  - Chromosome preparations were made of bone marrow cells and peripheral lymphocytes
      isolated from chicks that developed leukemia following infection with JM-V herpes
      virus. Karyotypic analysis revealed a high frequency of chromosome breaks and
      aneuploidy, as well as some pulverization of chromosomes. The number of
      chromosome breaks began to increase at 2-3 days post infection, and by 5 days
      post infection it reached 12.7% of bone marrow cells and 17.2% of peripheral
      lymphocytes. Similarly, the number of aneuploid metaphase figures increased
      rapidly and reached 12% of bone marrow cells and 19% of peripheral lymphocytes at
      5 days post infection. Some specificity was observed in the chromosomes that were
      affected.

PMID- 176410
TI  - Effect of phosphonoacetate on Marek's disease virus replication.
AB  - Phosphonoacetate (PA), but not any of its analogues tested, effectively inhibited
      avian herpesvirus replication and viral DNA synthesis in cell cultures. At 100
      mug/ml culture medium, PA completely inhibited the replication of Marek's disease
      virus (MDV), herpesvirus of turkeys, and owl herpesvirus, but had no measurable
      effect on normal cell growth. PA also inhibited DNA polymerases induced by these
      avian viruses. Enzyme inhibition was 50% at a PA concentration of 0.2 mug/ml. At
      a concentration of 3-6 mug/ml, the compound also effected a 50% inhibition of
      alpha (maxi) enzyme of the host DNA polymerase. It had no effect on the host beta
      (mini) enzyme. When administered to chickens, PA did not inhibit the replication
      of MDV, nor did it prevent the development of lymphoma.

PMID- 176409
TI  - Neoplastic transformation in tissues of rats exposed to monocrotaline or
      dehydroretronecine.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats received sc injections biweekly of either the
      pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline or its metabolite dehydroretronecine for 1
      year. The animals were then observed for an additional 12 months for the
      induction of neoplasms. Of 60 rats that received dehydroretronecine, 39 developed
      rhabdomyosarcomas at the injection site, and 5 of these neoplasms metastasized.
      In the 60 monocrotaline-treated rats, 31 widely dispersed tumors of various cell
      types were recorded. The reason suggested for the variation in tissue response
      was that the metabolite dehydroretronecine is a proximate carcinogen, whereas
      monocrotaline must first be metabolized before its carcinogenic potential is
      realized.

PMID- 176411
TI  - Regression of established tumors and induction of tumor immunity by intratumor
      chemotherapy.
AB  - The inoculation of a mixture of drugs and guinea pig hepatoma cells (line-10)
      induced tumor-specific immunity in about 20% of guinea pigs. When guinea pigs
      with established intradermal tumors were given various drugs ip, no cures were
      observed; in contrast, multiple intralesional injections of actinomycin D, 1,3
      bis(2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea, adriamycin, mitomycin C, and melphalan were
      effective in curing animals of their intradermal tumors at a time when there were
      tumor cells in the draining lymph nodes; dimethyl-triazenoimidazole carboxamide,
      methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and 6-mercaptopurine were not effective. More than
      80% of the cured animals were immune to rechallenge with 10(6) line-10 tumor
      cells.

PMID- 176412
TI  - Epithelial cell cultures from normal and cancerous human tissues.
AB  - Thirty epithelial cell strains were isolated from human carcinomas and normal
      epithelial tissues by collagenase digestion and selective removal of fibroblasts
      with trypsin-Versene. Most strains were obtained from metastatic carcinomas or
      epithelia of the urinary and intestinal tracts. The success rate for growth of
      both neoplastic and normal tissues (excluding skin) was 38%. Six of these strains
      showed gross morphologic and chromosome changes typical of malignant cells. Nine
      resembled normal epithelium. The other 15 exhibited some degree of morphologic
      change from normal.

PMID- 176413
TI  - Virus-like particles in geometric tubuloreticular structures.
AB  - Tubuloreticular structures of the geometric type were observed in dog
      osteosarcoma cells (D17a) before and after cocultivation with human placenta
      cells and before and after passage of the cocultivated cells through NIH nude
      mice. After passage through NIH nude mice, the reestablished cultures regularly
      produced conventional murine type-C particles and displayed budding virus-like
      particles (VLP) within the tubuloreticular structures. VLP, tentatively
      considered an aberrant form of type-C particles, were presumably of murine origin
      since they were not observed in the osteosarcoma cells before passage through NIH
      nude mice.

PMID- 176414
TI  - Humoral immune responses of cats to feline leukemia virus: comparison of
      responses to the major structural protein p30 and to a virus-specific cell
      membrane antigen (FOCMA).
AB  - Radioimmunoprecipitation was used to test cat sera for ability to bind to the
      purified major internal protein p30 of feline leukemia viurs (FeLV), to the
      endogenous cat virus (RD-114), and to murine leukemia virus (MuLV). The data were
      compared with results of tests for antibody to the feline oncornavirus-associated
      cell membrane antigen FOCMA and for the presence of viremia. In contrast to the
      general lack of free antibody to FeLV p30 in a random sample of healthy cats,
      high levels of antibody to FeLV p30 and FOCMA were found in normal animals from
      high-leukemia-cluster households. Titers of greater than or equal to 200 for p30
      and greater than or equal to 32 for FOCMA were found in nonviremic animals; a
      percentage of animals with high FOCMA titers and lower or no p30 binding activity
      were viremic. Animals with neoplasms were low or negative for FOCMA antibody and
      did not have high titers of free p30 antibody. The p30 binding activity could be
      divided into three main categories: high binding with FeLV p30 and much lower
      activity with RD-114 and MuLV p30's, as seen with hyperimmune sera; high binding
      with FeLV and RD-114 p30's and low activity with MuLV p30, possibly indicative of
      specific antibody to both of the aforementioned proteins; and low level binding
      to all three p30's.

PMID- 176415
TI  - Hamster ependymomas produced by intracerebral inoculation of a human papovavirus
      (MMV).
AB  - Ependymomas were produced in 3 of 11 newborn hamsters inoculated intracerebrally
      with a human papovavirus (MMV) isolated from a malignant lymphoma of the brain of
      a child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. One of the tumors was serially
      transplanted into weanling hamsters. Cells from the transplanted tumors and from
      cell cultures derived from these tumors contained an intranuclear "T" antigen
      that reacted with simian virus 40 T antibody.

PMID- 176416
TI  - Masculinizing tumors of the ovary.

PMID- 176417
TI  - Nuclear pore absence from areas of close association between nucleus and vacuole
      in synchronous yeast cultures.

PMID- 176418
TI  - On the question of the ultrastructure and composition of corpus intra cristam
      after local methylcholanthrene application.

PMID- 176419
TI  - Rat sequences of the Kirsten and Harvey murine sarcoma virus genomes: nature,
      origin, and expression in rat tumor RNA.
AB  - Two murine sarcoma viruses, the Kirsten and the Harvey, were isolated by passage
      of mouse type C leukemia viruses through rats. These sarcoma viruses have genomes
      containing portions of their parental type C mouse leukemia virus genomes, in
      stable association with specific rat cellular sequences that we find to be quite
      likely not those of a rat type C leukemia virus. To determine if these murine
      sarcoma viruses provide a model relevant to the events occurring in spontaneous
      tumors, we have hybridized DNA and RNA prepared from rat tumors and normal rat
      tissues to [3H]DNA prepared from the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. We have also
      hybridized these rat tissue nucleic acids to [3H]DNA prepared from a
      respresentative endogenous rat type C leukemia virus, the WFU (Wistar-Furth).
      Sarcoma-viral rat cellular sequences and endogenous rat leukemia viral sequences
      were detected in the DNA of both tumor and normal tissues, with no evidence of
      either gene amplification or additional sequences being present in tumor DNA.
      Sarcoma-viral rat cellular sequences and endogenous rat leukemia viral sequences
      were detected at elevated concentrations in the RNA of many rat tumors and in
      specific groups of normal tissues.

PMID- 176420
TI  - Endonucleases and simian virus 40 virions: origin of a virion-associated
      endonuclease.
AB  - The origin and role of the endonuclease activity associated with purified virions
      of simian virus 40, previously described by this and other laboratories, have
      been further investigated. We found that the enzymatic activity from virions of
      temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants is not more heat labile than that from wild
      type virions. This result was obtained for a variety of ts mutants, including
      three of the tsA class, and in experiments in which the enzyme was tested in both
      the presence and absence of viral particles. Comparison of the viron enzyme with
      endonucleases prepared from either serum or nuclei of uninfected cells reveals a
      similarity between the viron and serum enzymes based on chromatographic behavior
      and relative activity with different cations. Virus particles prepared free of
      this endonuclease were still infectious. We were unsuccessful in uncovering
      endonuclease in such preparations upon disruption. These data emphasize the
      necessity for caution in interpreting the role of particle-associated enzymes.

PMID- 176421
TI  - Rate of virus-specific RNA synthesis in synchronized chicken embryo fibroblasts
      infected with avian leukosis virus.
AB  - The rate of avian leukosis virus (ALV)-specific RNA synthesis has been examined
      in bot- uninfected and ALV-infected synchronized chicken embryo fibroblasts. RNA
      from cells labeled for 2h with [3H]uridine was hybridized with avian
      myeloblastosis virus poly(dC)-DNA, and the hybridized RNA was analyzed with
      poly(I)-spephadex chromatography. Approximately 0.5% of the RNA synthesized in
      ALV-infected cells was detected as virus specific, and no more than a twofold
      variation in the rate of synthesis was detected at different times in the cell
      cycle. In synchronized uninfected chicken embryo fibroblasts, approximately 0.03%
      of the RNA synthesized was detected as virus specific, and no significant
      variation in the rate of synthesis was observed during the cell cycle. Treatment
      of ALV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts with cytosine arabinoside or
      colchicine was used to block cells at different stages in the cell cycle. The
      rates of virus-specific RNA synthesis in cells so treated did not differ
      significantly from the rates in either stationary or unsynchronized virus
      infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. These findings support the conclusion that
      after the initial division of an ALV-infected chicken embryo fibroblast and the
      initiation of virus RNA synthesis, the rate of virus-specific RNA synthesis is
      independent of the cell cycle.

PMID- 176422
TI  - DNA synthesis in polyoma virus infection. IV. Mechanism of formation of closed
      circular viral DNA deficient in superhelical turns.
AB  - A marked reduction in the rate of viral DNA synthesis is accompanied by an
      alteration to the superhelicity of progeny DNA in polyoma virus-infected cells in
      which protein synthesis has been inhibited by cycloheximide. Viral DNA molecules
      formed in the presence of cycloheximide consist predominantly of closed-circular
      monometric species (referred to as form Ic) characterized by a decreased
      superhelix density, corresponding to deltasigmao = 0.0195, as compared to form I
      DNA by propidium diiodide-cesium chloride isopycnic analysis. Form Ic is
      synthesized on pre-existing form I templates without the intervention of progeny
      form I as an intermediate. It is concluded that inhibition of protein synthesis
      results in the alteration of some process in the closure of daughter DNA that
      leads to a marked reduction of superhelical turns of progeny molecules. About two
      thirds of form Ic molecules return to the form I conformation upon reversal of
      cycloheximide inhibition by a mechanism independent of DNA replication.

PMID- 176423
TI  - DNA synthesis in polyoma virus infection. V. Kinetic evidence for two
      requirements for protein synthesis during viral DNA replication.
AB  - Protein synthesis in polyoma virus-infected cells was inhibited by 99% within 4
      min after exposure to 10 mug of cycloheximide per ml. Subsequent to the block in
      protein synthesis, the rate of viral DNA synthesis declined via inhibition of the
      rate of initiation of new rounds of genome replication (Yu and Cheevers, 1976).
      This process was inhibited with complex kinetics: within 15 min after the
      addition of cycloheximide, the rate of formation of closed-circular viral DNA was
      reduced by about one-half. Thereafter, DNA synthesis in cycloheximide-treated
      cells declined more slowly, reaching a level of 10% of untreated cells only after
      approximately 2 h. Protein synthesis was also required for normal closure of
      progeny form I DNA: in the presence of cycloheximide, DNA synthesis was diverted
      from the production of form I to form Ic, a monomeric closed-circular DNA
      component deficient in superhelical turns (Yu and Cheevers, 1976). Form I is
      replaced by Ic with first-order exponential kinetics. It is concluded that at
      least two proteins are involved in the control of polyoma DNA replication. One is
      apparently a stoichiometric requirement involved in the initiation step of viral
      DNA synthesis, since this process cannot be maintained at a normal rate for more
      than a few minutes in the absence of protein synthesis. The second protein
      requirement, governing the closure of newly synthesized progeny DNA, is
      considered distinct from the "initiation" protein on the basis of the kinetic
      data.

PMID- 176424
TI  - Lack of infectivity of the endogenous avian leukosis virus-related genes in the
      DNA of uninfected chicken cells.
AB  - The infectivity of the avian leukosis virus-related genes in the DNA of four
      genetically distinct types of chicken cells was determined. Infectious DNA of
      Rous-associated virus-O(RAV-O) was obtained from V- chicken cells which were
      experimentally infected with RAV-O and from V+tvbs chicken cells, which
      spontaneously produced RAV-O and were sensitive to exogenous RAV-O infection.
      However, infectious DNA of RAV-O was not obtained from uninfected V- chicken
      cells or from V+tvbr chicken cells, which spontaneously produced a low titer of
      RAV-O but were resistant to exogenous RAV-O infection. No detectable
      amplification of the RAV-O related DNA sequences in the V+tvbs cells was found by
      hybridization of RAV-O 125I-labeled RNA to the DNAs of V+tvbs and uninfected V-
      cells. These results indicate that the endogenous avian leukosis virus-related
      genes in uninfected V- and V+tvbr cells differ from the RAV-O proviruses in RAV-O
      infected V- and V+tvbs cells. The lack of infectivity of the DNA of V+tvbr cells
      is consistent with the hypothesis that the endogenous RAV-O genome in V+tvbr
      cells is linked to a cis-acting control element, which results in its inefficient
      expression.

PMID- 176425
TI  - Effect of medium of lowered NaCl concentration on virus release and protein
      synthesis in cells infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus.
AB  - When cultures producing reticuloendotheliosis virus were incubated for 24 h in
      medium of lowered NaCl concentration, virus production was inhibited. The extent
      of inhibition increased as the salt concentration of the medium was decreased.
      The inhibition was rapidly reversed by replacement of low-salt medium with normal
      medium. During the first hour after the inhibited cultures were returned to
      normal medium, virus was released at an accelerated rate, making the total amount
      of virus released by inhibited and control cultures the same. After 1 h in normal
      medium, the rate of virus production in the previously inhibited cultures was the
      same as in the control cultures. Incubation of infected cells in low-salt medium
      resulted in a 60% decrease in the overall rate of protein synthesis. Although
      returning the cells to normal medium rapidly reversed the inhibition of virus
      production, it did not rapidly increase the rate of protein synthesis. These
      results suggest that host cell-directed protein synthesis is preferentially
      inhibited by the low-ionic-strength medium, whereas that required for virus
      production continues.

PMID- 176426
TI  - Characterization and translation of methylated and unmethylated vesicular
      stomatitis virus mRNA synthesized in vitro by ribonucleoprotein particles from
      vesicular stomatitis virus-infected L cells.
AB  - Ribonucleoprotein particles isolated from extracts of vesicular stomatitis virus
      (VSV) -infected L cells synthesized in vitro four classes of polyadenylated RNA
      sedimenting at 29S, 19S, 17S, and 13S. When synthesized in vitro in the presence
      of the methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine, these RNA species contained the
      following 5'-terminal structures: (i) m7G5ppp5'AmpAp(70%) ; (ii)
      m7G5'ppp5'AmpAmpNp (20%) and (iii) pppAp (10%). In the presence of the
      methylation inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine, however, the mRNA contained the 5'
      terminal structures G5'ppp5'Ap (80%) and pppAp (20%). The mRNA's synthesized in
      vitro were translated in the homologous ascites and the heterologous wheat embryo
      cell-free systems. In both, the products were shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis and by immunoprecipitation to contain all five viral proteins, L,
      G, N, NS, and M. The presumed precursor to the G protein (G*) was also identified
      by fingerprint analysis. Methylated VSV mRNA was more active in protein synthesis
      than unmethylated mRNA in both the ascites system and the wheat embryo systems.
      Addition of S-adenosylmethionine stimulated translation of unmethylated mRNA in
      the wheat embryo but not in the ascites extract. S-adenosylhomocysteine, however,
      by preventing mRNA methylation inhibited the translation of unmethylated VSV mRNA
      in both systems. The mRNA methylating activity present in wheat embryo S-30
      extracts was recovered in the ribosome-free supernatant fraction (S-150) and was
      insensitive to the protein synthesis inhibitor pactamycin.

PMID- 176427
TI  - Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. V. Terminally repetitive sequences.
AB  - Native DNA from four strains of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) circularized after
      digestion with the lambda exonuclease, indicating that the molecules were
      terminally repetitious. In two strains, the terminal repetition was evident in
      nearly 50% of the DNA molecules. Maximal circularization was observed when only
      0.25 to 0.5% of the DNA was depolymerized by the exonuclease, suggesting that the
      minimal size of the terminally repetitious regions is in the range of 400 to 800
      bases pairs. More extensive exonuclease treatment resulted in a reduction in the
      frequency of circularization. To determine whether the terminally repetitive
      regions themselves contained self-annealing sequences that were precluding
      circularization of more extensively digested DNA, the terminal fragments from
      HinIII restriction endonuclease digests were isolated, denatured, and tested for
      their ability to self-anneal. The results of hydroxyapatite column chromatography
      and electron microscope examination of the terminal regions are consistent with
      this hypothesis.

PMID- 176428
TI  - Persistent reovirus infection of CHO cells resulting in virus resistance.
AB  - We obtained a persistently infected line of Chinese hamster ovary cells by
      selection for resistance to reovirus infection. The cells were persistently
      infected by a population of viruses that were (i) cytopathic for parental chinese
      hamster ovary cells and (ii) similar to wild-type reovirus in molecular
      characteristics. The growth rate, plating efficiency, and morphology of the cells
      were altered. A large majority of the cells in the population were infected.
      There was no detectable interferon present in the medium. The cells were
      relatively resistant to a wide range of viruses.

PMID- 176430
TI  - Level of specific prereplicative mRNA's during bacteriophage T4 regA-, 43- and T4
      43- infection of Escherichia coli B.
AB  - The role of the T4 bacteriophage regA gene in stabilizing early mRNA was
      investigated by assaying the level of functional mRNA from eight prereplicative
      genes (56 [dCMP hydroxymethylase], cd [dCMP deaminase], 1 [deoxynucleotide
      kinase], rIIA, rIIB, 46 [DNA arrest], and 45) during extended infection of
      Escherichia coli B with T4 regA-, 43- and T4 43- bacteriophage. The above gene
      specific transcripts in RNA isolated from infected cells were quantitated by
      translation with an E. coli B cell-free system. Conditions were chosen to insure
      that the amount of gene product formed in vitro, measured either as an enzyme
      activity or as a radioactive band in acrylamide gel, was directly proportional to
      the level of mRNA present. The failure of T4 regA-, 43- phage to terminate
      prereplicative synthesis (Wiberg et al., 1973) resulted in an enhanced production
      of many early gene products over those formed during T4 43- infection. This
      increase did not appear to be associated with an increment in mRNA levels, since
      in the present study gene-specific early mRNA's were found to be only marginally
      elevated and slightly more stable in T4 regA-, 43-- than in T4 43--infected
      cells. Of interest was the observation that significant quantities of all of the
      mRNA's studied; with the exception of those from genes 45 and 46, could be
      isolated from T4 43--infected cells after synthesis of the respective gene
      products had ceased. On termination of normal prereplicative synthesis during
      infection with T4 43- phage, polyribosomes were found to be dissociated
      completely, a finding which suggests that the residual mRNA present in these
      cells is free in the cytoplasm. The persistence in T4 43--infected cells of
      translatable mRNA for many prereplicative genes after product synthesis ceased
      indicates that the impairment in protein synthesis is not due solely to regA
      mediated messenger degradation or modification. Rather, the results suggest that
      the regA gene product may act either by interfering with early mRNA polypeptide
      chain initiation or by promoting prereplicative polysome dissociation.

PMID- 176429
TI  - Genomic complexities of murine leukemia and sarcoma, reticuloendotheliosis, and
      visna viruses.
AB  - The genetic complexities of several ribodeoxyviruses were measured by
      quantitative analysis of unique RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides from 60-70S
      viral RNAs. Moloney murine leukemia virus was found to have an RNA complexity of
      3.5 x 10(6) daltons, whereas Moloney murine sarcoma virus had a significantly
      smaller genome size of 2.3 x 10(6). Reticuleondotheliosis and visna virus RNAs
      had complexities of 3.9 x 10(6), respectively. Analysis of RNase A-resistant
      oligonucleotides of Rous sarcoma virus RNA gave a complexity of 3.6 x 10(6),
      similar to that previously obtained with RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides.
      Since each of these viruses was found to have a unique sequence genomic
      complexity near the molecular weight of a single 30-40S viral RNA subunit, it was
      concluded that ribodeoxyvirus genomes are at least largely polyploid.

PMID- 176431
TI  - Hydrodynamic diameters of murine mammary, Rous sarcoma, and feline leukemia RNA
      tumor viruses: studies by laser beat frequency light-scattering spectroscopy and
      electron microscopy.
AB  - We have studied purified preparations of murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV), Rous
      sarcoma virus (RSV; Prague strain), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) by laser
      beat frequency light-scattering spectroscopy, ultra-centrifugation, and electron
      microscopy. The laser beat frequency light-scattering spectroscopy measurements
      yield the light-scattering intensity, weighted diffusion coefficients. The
      corresponding average hydrodynamic diameters, as calculated from the diffusion
      coefficients by the Stokes-Einstein equation for MuMTV, RSV, and FeLV,
      respectively, are: 144 +/- 6 nm, 147 +/- 7 nm, and 168 +/- 6 nm. Portions of the
      purified RSV and MuMTV preparations, from which light-scattering samples were
      obtained, and portions of the actual FeLV light-scattering samples were examined
      by negatively stained, catalase crystal-calibrated electron microscopy. The light
      scattering intensity weighted averages of the electron micrograph size
      distributions were calculated by weighing each size by its theoretical relative
      scattering intensity, as obtained from published tables computed according to the
      Mie scattering theory. These averages and the experimentally observed
      hydrodynamic diameters agreed to within +/- 5%, which is the combined
      experimental error in the electron microscopic and light-scattering techniques.
      We conclude that the size distributions of singlet particles observed in the
      electron micrographs are statistically true representations of the sedimentation
      purified solution size distributions. The sedimentation coefficients (S20, w) for
      MuMTV, RSV, and FeLV, respectively, are: 595 +/- 29S, 689 +/- 35S, and 880 +/-
      44S. Virus partial specific volumes were taken as the reciprocals of the buoyant
      densities, determined in sucrose density gradients. The Svedberg equation was
      used to calculate particle weights from the measured diffusion and sedimentation
      coefficients. The particle weights for MuMTV, RSV, and FeLV, respectively, are:
      (3.17 +/- 0.32) x 10(8), (4.17 +/- 0.42) x 10(8), and (5.50 +/- 0.55) x 10(8)
      daltons.

PMID- 176432
TI  - High-titer replication of nondefective Sendai virus in MDBK cells.
AB  - Egg-grown Sendai virus was adapted to growth in a bovine kidney cell line (MDBK
      cells) by serial passage under defined conditions. The adapted virus contained
      only 50S RNA and was highly infectious for MDBK cells. Infection of these cells
      with a high multiplicity of adapted virus resulted in a yield of 10(8) MDBK
      infectious units/ml by 18 h, accompanied by severe cytopathic changes in the
      host. Cell fusion did not occur. Examination of the proteins of the adapted virus
      revealed that despite the high infectivity of this virus for MDBK cells the
      virions contained considerable quantities of Fo, the precursor to the F
      glycoprotein that is responsible for cell fusion and high infectivity in other
      systems.

PMID- 176434
TI  - Simian virus 40 DNA replication: characterization of gaps in the termination
      region.
AB  - A class of precursor DNA (pDNA) II molecules has been identified as the immediate
      precursor of simian virus 40 DNA I. A pDNA II molecule contains a strand of newly
      synthesized DNA with an interruption located in the region where DNA synthesis
      terminates (4). These pDNA II molecules have been isolated and further
      characterized. They are converted to covalently closed structures (simian virus
      40 DNA I) only when they are treated in vitro with both T4 DNA polymerase and
      Escherichia coli ligase. After in vitro repair of pDNA II with T4 DNA polymerase
      and nucleoside triphosphates, approximately 7 mol of alpha-[32P]dATP is
      incorporated per mol of DNA II. Alkaline sucrose analysis of these gap-filled
      molecules, after they have been cleaved with Eco RI restriction endonuclease, has
      demonstrated that gaps are specifically located in the termination region. alpha
      [32P]dATP is incorporated equally into the two labeled products that are
      generated by RI cleavage of these molecules. This indicates the presence of gaps
      in both the newly synthesized plus the minus strands. Electrophoretic analysis of
      the gap-filled molecules, after they have been cleaved with endonuclease Hind,
      has shown that gaps are localized in Hind fragments G and B and to a minor degree
      in fragment J. pDNA II molecules have the following properties. There is a gap in
      the newly synthesized linear DNA strand contained in the pDNA II molecule. Nicked
      pDNA II molecules cannot be detected. The two molecules that arise by segregation
      contain gaps in both of the complementary strands. Based on the amount of alpha
      [32P]dATP incorporated and the rate of exonuclease III digestion of gap-filled
      molecules, it is estimated that the size of the gaps is between 22 and 73
      nucleotides. Models for termination of DNA synthesis are proposed based on these
      findings.

PMID- 176433
TI  - Kinetics of utilization of Sendai virus RNA and protein in the process of virion
      assembly.
AB  - The synthesis of the 50S genomic RNA and strucural proteins of Sendai virus was
      examined with respect to their utilization in virus assembly. It was found that
      during a single cycle of infection, 50S RNA was synthesized before the structural
      proteins and that both RNA and protein were synthesized 2 to 4 h before their
      appearance in released virions. Pulse-chase labeling indicated that the NP and P
      proteins synthesized early and the M and F proteins synthesized late were
      preferentially incorporated into virus relative to the other viral proteins. The
      kinetics of incorporation of pulse-labeled NP protein suggested that it was
      withdrawn from a relatively large pool whereas the M protein appeared to be
      present in a relatively small pool in the cytoplasm. Further, it was possible to
      chase pulse-labeled M protein, but not NP protein, from the cell during an 8-h
      time period.

PMID- 176435
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of simian virus 40 T antigen with peroxidase
      labeled antibody fragments.
AB  - T antigen was localized in simian virus 40 lytically infected and transformed
      cells by Fab' antibody conjugates at the ultrastructural level. This virus
      specific protein appeared in the cytoplasm of permissive cells as early as 3 h
      after infection. At later time intervals, the T antigen was localized in both the
      cytoplasm and nucleus and finally (24 h) in the nucleus. These results suggest a
      synthesis of T antigen on cytoplasmic ribosomes, with subsequent transfer to the
      nucleus.

PMID- 176436
TI  - Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus antigens. I. Biochemical analysis of the
      complement-fixing soluble antigen and relationship with Epstein-Barr virus
      associated nuclear antigen.
AB  - The Epstein-Barr virus-soluble (S) antigen extracted from RAJI cells was
      characterized by sucrose gradient centrifugation, gel filtration, and ion
      exchange chromatography. The sedimentation coefficient was estimated to be 8.5S
      corresponding to a molecular weight of 180,000. The S antigen binds to DEAE-A25
      ion exchanger from which it can be eluted with 0.3 M NaCl in Tris buffer (pH
      7.2). All fractions which contained complement-fixing S antigen also inhibited
      the anticomplement immunofluorescence reaction as used to detect the Epstein-Barr
      virus-associated nuclear antigen. These results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that the S and Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigens are
      either a single antigen or that both activities are present on the same molecule.

PMID- 176438
TI  - Nuclear membrane changes in herpes simplex virus-infected BHK-21 cells as seen by
      freeze-fracture.
AB  - The freeze-fracture technique, which produced high-resolution replicas of large
      internal faces of membranes, was used for an ultrastructural study of the nuclei
      of herpes simplex virus-infected BHK-21 cells and mock-infected controls.
      Crystalline arrays of viral nucleocapsids were found in the nucleoplasm of
      infected cells, and numerous nuclear membrane "blebs" and protrusions were
      observed. The numerous areas of membrane distortions were not found to contain
      nuclear pores. In addition, specific areas of normal protein intramembranous
      particles are deleted from certain areas of the nuclear membrane as a result of
      herpes simplex virus, type 2, infection.

PMID- 176437
TI  - Proposed structure of two defective viral DNA oligomers produced in 3T3 cells
      transformed by the ts-a mutant of polyoma virus.
AB  - The various oligomeric viral DNA species produced at 32 C by two related syblines
      of ts-a-transformed mouse 3T3 cells were characterized. Results from the analysis
      of the cleavage products observed after digestion with restriction endonucleases
      from Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Escherichia coli RI, and Haemophilus suis are
      consistent with the assumption that in both sublines, the major oligomeric
      component is a dimer from which a segment of different length is deleted. The
      major oligomeric (27S) component in subline 1 was estimated to be 1.77 times the
      size of the viral monomer, and the major (25.5S) component in subline 15 was
      estimated to be 1.54 times the size of the viral monomer. These size estimates
      were confirmed by electron micrograph measurements. The larger oligomers produced
      by both sublines were found to be multiples of the major oligomeric component of
      each subline.

PMID- 176439
TI  - DNA-negative temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1:
      patterns of viral DNA synthesis after temperature shift-up.
AB  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 belonging to four
      DNA- complementation groups exhibited two distinct patterns of viral DNA
      synthesis after shift-up to the nonpermissive temperature. In cultures infected
      with mutants belonging to complementation groups A, C, and D, little or no viral
      DNA was synthesized after shift-up. In cultures infected with a mutant in
      complementation group B, nearly normal amounts of viral DNA were synthesized
      after shift-up.

PMID- 176440
TI  - Herpesvirus proteins: induction of nucleoside phosphotransferase activity after
      herpes simplex virus infection.
AB  - After herpes simplex virus infection of hamster kidney cells there is an
      induction of nucleoside phosphotransferase activity which can utilize AMP as
      phosphate donor. The activity is immunologically specific for the infected cell
      and is induced concomitantly with the virus-coded pyrimidine deoxynucleoside
      kinase activity. Phosphotransferase activity is not induced in cells lacking both
      thymidine and deoxycytidine kinase activity.

PMID- 176441
TI  - Complementation between BK human papovavirus and a simian virus 40 tsA mutant.
AB  - Complementation tests between BK human papovavirus and SV40 temperature-sensitive
      mutants tsA58 and tsB11 were performed. Under the reported experimental
      conditions, BKV complemented the "early" mutant tsA58 but failed to complement
      the "late" mutant tsB11.

PMID- 176442
TI  - Polyoma and cell DNA synthesis in mouse L cells temperature sensitive for the
      replication of cell DNA.
AB  - Polyoma (Py) virus multiplies, at 34 and 38.5 C, in wild-type (WT-4) and in ts
      A1S9 mouse L cells, which are temperature sensitive for growth and for DNA
      replication (R. Sheinin, 1976; L. H. Thompson et al., 1970). De novo synthesis of
      double-stranded, fully covalently closed Py DNA has been shown to proceed by
      semiconservative replication in WT-4 and ts A1S9 cells at the permissive and
      nonpermissive temperatures. Cell DNA is made late during infection, by both cell
      types and at both temperatures. Semiconservative replication of cell DNA proceeds
      in Py-infected WT-4 cells incubated at 34 or at 38.5 C and in Py-infected ts A1S9
      cells incubated at 34 C. In virus-infected ts A1S9 cells incubated at 38.5 C,
      cell DNA synthesis appears to proceed almost entirely by a process analogous to
      repair replication. The inability of ts A1S9 cells to produce large-molecular
      weight chromosomal DNA strands, at 38.5 C, by the normal mechanism is not
      overcome by Py infection.

PMID- 176443
TI  - Synthesis of complementary RNA containing polyadenylic acid by Sendai virions in
      vitro.
AB  - Sendai virus synthesized, in vitro, [32P]AMP- and [3H]AMP-labeled RNA that ranged
      in size from 3 to 25S with major peaks at 7S and 13S. Both labeled products were
      predominantly single-stranded RNA and were complementary in base sequence to 50S
      virion RNA. Passage of the 3 to 25S in vitro RNA transcripts through a
      polyuridylic acid-cellulose column revealed that only the larger (predominantly
      18S) RNA transcripts contained polyadenylic acid[poly(A)] segments capable of
      binding to the column. After treatment with a combination of RNase A and T1, the
      majority of the in vitro poly(A) sedimented at 6S although the product ranged in
      size from 3 to 9S. Proof that the RNase-resistant material was indeed poly(A) was
      obtained by nearest-neighbor analysis when 95% of the radioactivity was recovered
      in AMP.

PMID- 176444
TI  - Quantitation of the viral DNA present in cells transformed by UV-irradiated
      herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Two cell lines biochemically transformed by UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus
      (HSV) each contain virus DNA. A comparison of the kinetics of reassociation of 3H
      labeled HSV DNA in the presence and absence of either clone 139 (HSV-1
      transformed) or clone 207 (HSV-2 transformed) DNA showed that the presence of
      transformed cell DNA increased the rate of reassociation of approximately 10% of
      the viral genome while having no effect on the remaining 90%. The Cot1/2 of this
      reaction was approximately 1,000 in each cell type, as compared to approximately
      3,000 for the cellular unique sequences. These results suggest the presence of
      four to six copies of a 10% fragment of the virus DNA per cell. The DNA from a
      hamster fibroblast cell line morphologically transformed by UV-irradiated HSV-2
      (333-8-9) did not affect the rate of reassociation of HSV-2 DNA, indicating that
      these cells had less than 3% of a viral genome present.

PMID- 176446
TI  - Further characterization of intracytoplasmic A particle-associated DNA.
AB  - A DNA species with buoyant densities greater than mouse cellular DNA was found
      associated with intracytoplasmic A particles (CAP) isolated from mouse mammary
      tumor virus-infected mouse mammary tumors and mouse Leydig cell tumors which
      produce CAP but no complete mouse mammary tumor virus virions. This DNA species
      was absent in identically prepared tissue fractions from tumors which did not
      contain CAP. Treatment of CAP-associated DNA with pancreatic RNase A did not
      alter the buoyant density although a reduction in apparent molecular weight
      (broadening of the DNA band at equilibrium) was observed upon analytical
      equilibrium sedimentation in CsCl. The molecular weight of untreated CAP
      associated DNA was estimated to range from 0.8 x 10(6) to 3.1 x 10(6). Base
      composition analysis showed CAP-DNA to possess an approximate guanine plus
      cytosine content of 38%. Ninety percent of CAP-associated DNA eluted as single
      stranded molecules upon hydroxyapatite column chromatography, a characteristic
      that accounts in part for its higher buoyant density in neutral CsCl compared to
      native double-stranded mouse DNA. In two preparations, CAP-DNA had a
      sedimentation coefficient of 7 to 8S.

PMID- 176445
TI  - Factors involved in the generation and replication of rhabdovirus defective T
      particles.
AB  - Previous indications that cloned B virions might be genetically predisposed to
      generate a particular defective T particle are shown to be inaccurate. T particle
      generation was found to be a much more random process than was previously
      believed. We show that the previously observed generation of particular sizes of
      T particles by B virion pools is due to the random generation of T particles
      during preparation of first-passage pools of cloned B virions, and these breed
      true during the additional passages needed to produce visible quantities of T
      particles. It is also shown that different host cell lines selectively amplify
      different T particles, suggesting a strong role of host cell factors in T
      particle replication. Surprisingly, our line of HeLa cells did not generate or
      replicate detectable T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana
      after either serial undiluted passage or direct addition of T particles, even
      though the added T particles strongly interfered with B virion replication. In
      contrast to VSV, rabies virus generates large amounts of T particles during the
      first passage of cloned B virions, and every rabies-infected baby hamster kidney
      21 cell culture evolves into a persistent carrier state. We find that T particle
      RNA is biologically inactive although T particle nucleocapsid ribonucleoprotein
      replicates and interferes in cells coinfected with B virions. Efforts to study
      the mechanism of T particle generation by in vitro attempts to generate T
      particles or modify their size (using sheared ribonucleoprotein or chemical or UV
      mutagenesis) were unsuccessful. The kinetics of UV and nitrous acid inactivation
      of T particles indicate a smaller target size relative to B virions, even after
      correcting for lengths of RNA molecules. The intercalating dye proflavine does
      not photosensitize VSV B virions or T particles when present during replication,
      indicating that there is little or no RNA base pairing in the helical
      nucleocapsids of either.

PMID- 176447
TI  - Quantitation of bovine papilloma viral DNA in viral-induced tumors.
AB  - Bovine papilloma virus (BPV) DNA was labeled in vitro under conditions of repair
      synthesis and subsequently used as a "probe" in DNA-DNA reassociation studies to
      detect BPV-specific DNA sequences in a viral-induced calf meningioma and hamster
      fibroma. In vitro labeled BPV DNA had denaturation characteristics expected for
      duplex DNA and denatured DNA reassociated with apparent second-order kinetics.
      Analysis of in vitro labeled BPV DNA reassociation rates in the presence of
      excess tumor DNA revealed that the calf meningioma contained approximately 700 to
      800 BPV genome equivalents per diploid cell whereas the hamster fibroma contained
      about 150 incomplete BPV genome equivalents per diploid cell. Thermal
      denaturation of in vitro labeled BPV DNA which reassociated in the presence of
      the two tumor DNA preparations indicated less than 1.5% base pair mismatching.

PMID- 176449
TI  - Regulatory mechanism of simian virus 40 gene expression in permissive and in
      nonpermissive cells.
AB  - Primary or continuous lines of mouse cells (3T3) are nonpermissive for simian
      virus 40 (SV40). Abortively infected cells synthesize tumor antigen (T antigen
      but not viral DNA and virus capsid protein (V antigen). V antigen, however, was
      obtained when SV40 DNA was injected into 3T3 cells. This late gene expression
      also appears to be correlated with the quantity of injected DNA molecules per 3T3
      cell. T antigen formation can be detected after microinjection of only 1 to 2 DNA
      molecules, but the intensity of intranuclear T antigen fluorescence is
      significantly brighter with injection of higher concentrations of viral DNA. In
      permissive cells (TC7), early and late SV40 gene expression is directly related
      to the number of injected molecules. Microinjection of 1DNA molecule induced T
      and V antigen formation with the same efficiency as microinjection of 2,000 to
      4,000 molecules. The question of weather late SV40 gene expression is directly
      related to the quantity of an early virus-specific product was approached by
      microinjection of early SV40 complementary RNA together with small amounts of
      viral DNA. V antigen was obtained in a high proportion of recipient 3T3 cells at
      conditions where microinjection of viral DNA alone induced T but not V antigen
      synthesis.

PMID- 176448
TI  - Genome localization of simian virus 40 RNA species.
AB  - The topographical locations on the simian virus 40 (SV40) genome of the templates
      for virus-specific RNA species present late in the lytic infection were
      determined by RNA-DNA hybridization experiments with the Hind restriction enzyme
      fragments. Two classes of late virus-specific cytoplasmic mRNA's can be separated
      on the basis of either sedimentation properties in neutral sucrose or
      electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels. In the 16S class, two species of
      RNA were identified by hybridization experiments. One of these species was
      complementary to sequences of the early template on the minus (E) strand (0.175
      to 0.655 map units), and the other more abundant species was complementary to
      sequences present in the late template on the plus (L) strand (0.655 to 0.175 map
      units). In addition two species were detected in the 16S class of late
      cytoplasmic virus-specific mRNA. One of these species was the major late RNA
      detected and consisted of a polyadenylated transcript complementary to the plus
      (L) DNA strands of Hind fragments K, F, J, and G (0.945 to 0.175 map units). This
      species appears to specify the major capsid protein (VP1). A less abundant
      nonpolyadenylated 16S RNA species complementary to the plus (L) strands of Hind
      fragments C, D, and E (0.655 to 0.945 map units) may result from post
      transcriptional processing or nonspecific degradation of the 19S viral RNA
      complementary to the plus (L) strand.

PMID- 176450
TI  - Analysis of structural proteins of purified murine cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Murine cytomegalovirus propagated in mouse embryo fibroblasts was purified by the
      following procedures. (i) Extracellular virus was concentrated by centrifugation
      at 100,000 x g for 90 min. (ii) The concentrated virus was passed through a Bio
      Rad Bio-Gel A-15m column to eliminate contaminating materials smaller than 15 x
      10(6) daltons. Most of the virus was recovered in the void volume of the column.
      (iii) Two consecutive centrifugations through 20 to 50% potassium tartrate
      gradients were performed. After the second tartrate gradient centrifugation,
      symmetrical, coinciding peaks of plaque titer, protein, and radioactivity were
      found at a density between 1.20 g/cm3 and 1.21 g/cm3. To establish purification
      criteria, virus was purified from two different mixtures: [35S]methionine-labeled
      extracellular virus, mixed with an equal volume of unlabeled normal culture
      fluid, and unlabeled extracellular virus mixed with an equal volume of
      [35S]methionine-labeled normal culture fluid. At the end of the procedure, the
      extent of purification, as judged by the ratio of cellular to viral radioactivity
      was at least 70-fold. Virus proteins were analyzed by electrophoresis on a 5 to
      20% gradient polyacrylamide gel slab. After gel electrophoresis,, Coomassie
      brilliant blue staining profiles and autoradiograms of the purified virus
      preparations were compared. At least 33 virus structural protein bands were
      present. The molecular weights of these proteins ranged from 11,500 to 255,000.
      The sum of the molecular weights of the virus structural proteins was 2,462,000.
      Autoradiograms obtained from electrophoresis of purified [14C]glucosamine-labeled
      virus showed that at lease 6 of the 33 viral structural proteins were
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 176451
TI  - Analysis of simian virus 40 wild-type and mutant virions by agarose gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Intact wild-type simian virus 40 particles can be separated and resolved from a
      temperature-sensitive mutant and from a number of other viruses by agarose gel
      electrophoresis. The relative mobilities of the viruses appear to be a function
      of both virion size and surface composition. The virions of a temperature
      sensitive strain of simian virus 40, tsB204, have significantly greater mobility
      than those of wild-type simian virus 40, when electrophoresis was conducted
      toward the cathode at pH 5.0. When electrophoresis was performed toward the anode
      at pH 7.0, TSB204 viruses have a slightly slower mobility as compared with that
      of the wild type. The data indicated that the virions of tsB204 have a greater
      positive charge at their surface than those of wild-type particles. No
      differences were detected in the finger print patterns of the tryptic peptides of
      VP1 and VP3 of these two virus strains. Although it was not possible to identify
      the structural polypeptide directly affected by the tsB204 mutation, we have
      shown that this mutation affects charge distribution on the surface of the
      virion.

PMID- 176452
TI  - Proteins of Epstein-Barr virus. I. Analysis of the polypeptides of purified
      enveloped Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was purified from the extracellular fluid of HR-1 and
      B95-8 cell lines. The preparations of purified virus consisted of enveloped
      particles and had EBV-specific antigneic reactivity. Comparison of the amount of
      labeled protein in preparations of virus purified from cultures incubated in
      [35S]methionine with the amount of labeled protein in preparations obtained
      following a mixture of unlabeled virus with [35S]methionine-labeled cellular
      proteins indicated that less than 2% of the labeled protein in the purified virus
      preparation could be attributed to contamination with labeled cellular proteins.
      No extraneous membranous material was seen in thin sections of the purified virus
      preparations. Analysis of the polypeptides of purified enveloped EBV indicated
      the following. (i) Eighteen polypeptides could be resolved in Coomassie brilliant
      blue-stained electropherograms of extracellular virus purified from HR-1 and B95
      8 cultures. (ii) Thirty-three polypeptides could be resolved in fluorograms of
      labeled EBV purified from B95-8 cultures and subjected to electrophoresis in
      acrylamide gels cross-linked with diallyltartardiamide. The molecular weight of
      the EBV polypeptides was estimated by co-electrophoresis with the polypeptides of
      purified herpes simplex virus and purified polypeptides of known molecular weight
      to range from 28 x 10(3) to approximately 290 x 10(3) (iii) The polypeptides of
      EBV could be grouped by their relative molar abundancy into three classes: VP6,
      7, and 27 present in high abundance; VP1, 12, 20, 23, and 29 present in moderate
      abundance; and a third class of less abundant polypeptides, VP4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11,
      15, 16, 21, and 22. The remainder of the polypeptides could not be precisely
      quantitated. (iv) The polypeptides of purified EBV, although similar in number
      and in range of molecular weight to the polypeptides of purified herpes simplex
      virus, differ sufficiently from those of herpes simplex virus so as to preclude
      comparison of individual polypeptide components.

PMID- 176453
TI  - Membrane proteins specified by herpes simplex viruses. I. Identification of four
      glycoprotein precursors and their products in type 1-infected cells.
AB  - Polypeptide precursors to the major glycoproteins specified by herpes simplex
      virus type 1 were identified in immunoprecipitation experiments using antisera
      that reacted specifically with the viral glycoproteins and their precursors. The
      results demonstrate that the major glycosylated proteins detected in infected
      cells are derived from four antigenically distinct polypeptides. Three of these
      polypeptides become glycosylated in two discrete stages, yielding partially
      glycosylated intermediates and fully glycosylated products. The final products
      are the predominant species detected in cytoplasmic virions and in plasma
      membranes. The fourth polypeptide precursor appears to acquire very little
      carbohydrate and differs in several respects from the other three precursors.

PMID- 176454
TI  - DNA polymerase activities induced by polyoma virus infection of 3T3 mouse
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Resting mouse 3T3 fibroblasts were stimulated to synthesize DNA either by
      infection with polyoma virus or by injection of fresh serum. Changes in the
      levels of DNA polymerase (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-enzymes) were measured in the
      cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. Both types of stimulation gave very similar
      increases for all three enzyme activities. In the cell nucleus, both alpha- and
      gamma-polymerases increased almost tenfold, whereas the beta-enzyme only was
      stimulated twofold. In the cytoplasm alpha- and gamma-polymerases increased two-
      to four-fold. Only insignificant amounts of the beta-enzyme were found in the
      cytoplasm.

PMID- 176455
TI  - Protein synthesis in bacteriophage ghost-infected cells.
AB  - Escherichia coli B infected with T4 phage ghosts at 10 mM Mg2+ regains its
      protein synthesizing activity upon addition of ATP, GTP, and their generator to
      approximately 2% of the intact exponentially growing cells. In contrast to amino
      acid incorporation by intact cells, this system is sensitive to EDTA or low Mg2+.
      On the other hand, this system, differing from the regular cell-free system, does
      not respond to addition of soluble protein and ribonuclease. The ghost-infected
      cells were able to synthesize beta-galactosidase upon addition of the inducer
      isopropyl thiogalactoside. The initial rate of the induction was 2.6% of intact
      cells. For this induction, the addition of cyclic AMP, amino acids, ATP, GTP,
      UTP, CTP, and their generator was necessary. The induction of beta-galactosidase
      in these ghost-infected cells was very sensitive to the addition of EDTA, CaCl2,
      sulfhydryl blocking reagent, rifampin and chloramphenicol but insensitive to DNA
      synthesis inhibitors such as nalidixic acid and DNase.

PMID- 176456
TI  - Characterization of the type and group specificities of the immune response in
      mice to murine leukemia viruses.
AB  - Normal sera from a variety of strains of inbred mice have precipitating
      antibodies to murine type C viruses that are detected by radioimmune
      precipitation assays. The results demonostrate that this humoral immune response
      is primarily directed against the AKR strain of murine leukemia virus (MuLV)
      proteins gp71, gp43, and p15(E). These sera also react with Friend- or Rauscher
      MuLV in radioimmune precipitation assays. This reaction is not due to a separate
      immune response, but rather is primarily a consequence of the cross-reactivity of
      antibodies to the AKR strain of MuLV p15(E) with the p15(E) of these viruses.
      These data, using autogenous immune sera, emphasize the serological differences
      of the virion glycoproteins and the serological similarity of the p15(E) virion
      component of the viruses. Furthermore, based on the serological reactivities to
      the glycoproteins, the results suggest that the AKR strain of MuLV is endogenous
      to and expressed in mice, but that the Friend-Moloney-Rauscher virus group is
      not.

PMID- 176457
TI  - Inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus DNA synthesis and late gene expression by
      phosphonoacetic acid.
AB  - Growth of lymphoblastoid cells (B95-8, Raji) is not inhibited by the presence of
      0.4 mM phosphonoacetic acid. The synthesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the
      producer line B95-8 is completely inhibited, as shown by the total inhibition of
      viral capsid antigen synthesis. Early viral antigens are made normally in the
      presence of phosphonoacetic acid, but EBV DNA synthesis is blocked in cells
      entering the productive cycle. Nonproducer cells in the population replicate the
      resident EBV DNA by a mechanism that is resistant to phosphonoacetic acid. These
      results are consistant with the hypotheses that EBV DNA is replicated by two
      mechanisms, one in the noninduced cell and a different mechanism in the producer
      cell, and that prior replication of EBV DNA, probably by the second mode, is a
      prerequisite for late gene expression.

PMID- 176458
TI  - Oligosaccharide moieties of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - Vesicular stomatitis virus contains a single structural glycoprotein whose
      carbohydrate sequences are probably specified by the host cell. The glycopeptides
      derived by Pronase digestion of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus
      grown in HeLa cells have an average molecular weight of 1,800. There are multiple
      oligosaccharide chains on the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein with
      protein-carbohydrate linkages that are cleaved only by strong alkali under
      reducing conditions, suggesting that they contain asparagine and N
      acetylglucosamine. The oligosaccharide moieties, in addition, appear to be
      heterogeneous in sequence on the basis of their mobilities during electrophoresis
      and their sensitivities to cleavage by an endoglycosidase. The carbohydrate
      peptide linkage region of the major class of oligosaccharides of the vesicular
      stomatitis virus glycoprotein has the proposed sequence: (see article).

PMID- 176459
TI  - Autologous immune responses to the major oncornavirus polypeptides in
      unmanipulated AKR/J mice.
AB  - The autologous immune response of AKR/J mice to the structural proteins of murine
      leukemia virus (MuLV) was examined. Immunoglobulins from the renal glomeruli were
      chemically eluted, separated from antigens, recovered, and tested for
      immunological reactivity against MuLV structural proteins. Analyzing immune
      precipitates obtained after mixing radiolabeled Tween-disrupted MuLV preparations
      with eluates from AKR/J mice on sodium dodecyl sulfategel electrophoresis, we
      found evidence of antibodies to the major classes of MuLV structural components:
      gp70, gp45, p30, and one or more proteins in the 10,000- to 15,000-dalton class.
      Using rate zonal centrifugation we confirmed that the eluates from AKR/J
      glomeruli contained antibody(s) that bound specifically to p30. These results
      indicate that AKR/J mice spontaneously mount immune responses against the major
      oncornavirus polypeptide antigens.

PMID- 176460
TI  - Cellular protein synthesis shutoff by mengovirus: translation of nonviral and
      viral mRNA's in extracts from uninfected and infected Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cells.
AB  - The mechanism whereby picornaviruses inhibit host protein synthesis while their
      own synthetic processes proceed unabated has remained elusive. One of our
      approaches to this problem was to study the ability of cell-free extracts derived
      from uninfected and mengovirus-infected Ehrlich ascites tumor cells to translate
      viral and nonviral mRNA's under various conditions of incubation. Our results
      indicate that viral messengers (from mengovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus)
      and cellular messengers [L cell and Ehrlich ascites tumor poly(A)-containing
      mRNA's, rabbit globin mRNA, and chicken embryo lens crystallin mRNA] are
      translated equally well in both extracts. We also examined the simultaneous
      translation of viral and nonviral mRNA's in extracts from uninfected Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells. Our results indicate that under certain conditions
      mengovirus RNA can suppress completely the translation of globin mRNA. The
      significance of these results in terms of the shutoff of host protein synthesis
      is discussed.

PMID- 176463
TI  - Structural and growth characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus.
AB  - The infectious bursal disease virus is not enveloped and has a diameter of 60 nm
      and a density of about 1.32 g/ml. It contains two pieces of single-stranded RNA
      with molecular weights close to 2 X 10(6). The capsid is made up of four major
      polypeptides with molecular weights of 110,000, 50,000, 35,000, and 25,000. The
      virus replicates in chicken embryo fibroblasts rather than in epitheloid cells.
      After an eclipse period of 4 h, virus production reaches a maximum about 12 h
      later. The virus has no structural or biological similarities with defined avian
      reoviruses, and it cannot be classified in one of the established taxonomic
      groups.

PMID- 176461
TI  - Chemical modification of simian virus 40 DNA by reaction with a water-soluble
      carbodiimide.
AB  - Superhelical simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA I can be modified with N-cyclohexyl-N'
      beta-(4 methylmorpholinium)ethylcarbodiimide (CMC). The reaction produces an
      increase in the sedimentation velocity of DNA I from 21 to 22.5S and a decrease
      in its buoyant density in CsCl from 1.694 to 1.688. A comparable shift in buoyant
      density is observed in a saturated ethidium bromide-cesium chloride gradient
      where form II, which has been exposed to CMC, shows no shift. The CsCl-buoyant
      density data allows us to estimate that 108 mol of CMC are bound per mol of SV40
      DNA I. In the subsequent paper an alternative procedure has been used to locate
      CMC sites, and the extent of the regions available to bind CMC have been
      measured.

PMID- 176462
TI  - Hin D restriction mapping of upaired regions in simian virus 40 superhelical DNA
      I: considerations regarding structure-function relationships.
AB  - Superhelical simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA I was reacted with N-cyclohexyl-N'-beta
      (4-methylmorpholinium)ethylcarbodiimide (CMC), and the location of CMC sites was
      mapped using the Hin D restriction endonuclease. The use of 14C-labeled CMC
      allows a quantitative analysis of the binding to the respective Hin D restriction
      endonuclease fragments. The percentage of reactivity was 6.54% for fragment A,
      3.87% for fragment B, and 2.74% for fragment G. No CMC radioactivity was detected
      in other fragments. This reactivity is in agreement with the evaluation of
      binding by buoyant density measurements. The above fragments also contain the
      sites susceptible to S1 endonuclease action. This adds further support to the
      view that superhelical DNA can contain regions of localized interrupted secondary
      structure which may be capable of forming intrastrand hairpin structures if
      sequence relationships are favorable. The possible structure-function
      relationships for this model are discussed with the emphasis on transcription.

PMID- 176464
TI  - Blocked 5' termini in brome mosaic virus RNA.
AB  - All four components of brome mosaic virus RNA have m(7)G(5') ppp (5')Gp as their
      5' terminus. The m(7)G can be removed by beta-elimination, resulting in the
      conversion to pppGp.

PMID- 176465
TI  - Proteins of Epstein-Barr Virus. II. Electrophoretic analysis of the polypeptides
      of the nucleocapsid and the glucosamine- and polysaccharide-containing components
      of enveloped virus.
AB  - Two series of experiments were undertaken to identify the topological location of
      the structural polypeptides of Epstein-Barr virus. In the first series of
      experiments, nucleocapsids prepared by detergent treatment of enveloped virus
      with Nonidet P-40 and sodium deoxycholate were found to be composed of seven
      polypeptides, VP2, 6, 7.5, 24, 27, 31, ANd 33, which ranged in molecular weight
      from over 200 X 10(3) to 28 X 10(3). Nine other polypeptides, VP 4, 7, 8, 10, 15,
      16, 23, 28, and 29, could be identified in preparations of Epstein-Barr virus
      nucleocapsids, but the relative amount of this second group of polypeptides was
      less in preparations of nucleocapsids than in preparations of enveloped virus.
      The incomplete removal of these polypeptides from enveloped virus by detergent
      treatment suggests that some of these polypeptides may be components of the
      envelope or tegument that lie in close proximity to the outer surface of the
      nucleocapsid In the second series of experiments periodic acid-Schiff-staining
      and glucosamine-containing components were identified with similar
      electrophoretic mobility to several of the polypeptides of enveloped virus (VP 5,
      8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 28, and 29) that were completely or
      incompletely removed from purified virus preparations by detergent treatment. The
      similarity between the polypeptide composition of the nucleocapsids of Epstein
      Barr virus and herpes simplex virus was in contrast to the dissimilarity between
      the nonnucleocapsid polypeptides of Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus.

PMID- 176466
TI  - Inhibition by zinc of rhinovirus protein cleavage: interaction of zinc with
      capsid polypeptides.
AB  - Zinic ions rapidly inhibit virus production in HeLa cells infected with human
      rhinovirus type 1A and lead to the accumulation of human rhinovirus type 1A
      precursor polypeptides. The degree to which cleavage of these precursors is
      inhibited is directly dependent on the quantity of cell-associated zinc.
      Proteolysis resumes after the removal of zinc-containing medium, and the
      accumulated viral precursors are cleaved predominantly to stable virus
      polypeptides. The precursors stabilized at the lowest zinc levels are those that
      contain capsid protein sequences. Furthermore, added zinc is bound to human
      rhinovirus type 1A capsids and prevents them from forming crystals. Zinc
      resistant mutants display antigenic alterations in coat proteins. These results
      suggest that zinc complexes with rhinovirus coat proteins and alters them so that
      they cannot function as substrates for proteases or as reactants in the assembly
      of the virus particles.

PMID- 176468
TI  - Cooperative transformation studies with temperature-sensitive mutants of Rous
      sarcoma virus.
AB  - Stocks of Rous sarcoma virus Bryan strain were mutagenized using a
      bromodeoxyuridine treatment immediately after infection. Thirty temperature
      sensitive (ts) mutants defective in transformation (td) were isolated by a
      replica plating technique. Twenty of these mutants were preliminarily
      characterized and found to be defective in late functions related to
      transformation. These mutants were used in experiments of cooperative
      transformation with four Prague strain td ts mutants of different co
      transformation group. A small number of Bryan ts mutants were found to cooperate
      with some of the Prague mutants in transforming chicken embryo cells at the
      nonpermissive temperature. However, the amount of co-transformation observed was
      lower than that observed with cooperating Prague ts mutants and no clear-cut
      pattern of cotransformation was obtained in Prague and Bryan crosses. Indirect
      evidence indicates that cooperative transformation is the result of recombination
      events.

PMID- 176469
TI  - Host restriction of Friend Leukemia virus coat protein synthesis.
AB  - Fv-1 gene-mediated host restriction of Friend leukemia virus replication was
      investigated in terms of coat protein synthesis. By using the assay of pseudotype
      formation with vesicular stomatitis virus. it was shown that under restricting
      growth conditions the availablity of leukemia virus coat protein for pseudotype
      formation was decreased. These studies appear to eliminate a pure assembly defect
      as the mechanism of Fv-1 host restriction.

PMID- 176467
TI  - N-Tropic variants obtained after co-infection with N- and B-tropic murine
      leukemia viruses.
AB  - Sc-1 cells co-infected with small XC plaque-forming N-tropic and large XC plaque
      forming B-tropic murine leukemia viruses produced, in addition to parental types,
      progeny with the phenotype, large XC plaque morphology, and N-tropism. This
      phenotype remained stable through end point titration and plaque purification on
      NIH/3T3 cells and growth on BALB/3T3 cells. These N-tropic viruses (XLP-N virus)
      grow to unusually high titer and make very large XC plaques.

PMID- 176470
TI  - Cell killing by simian virus 40: variation in the pattern of lysosomal enzyme
      release, cellular enzyme release, and cell death during productive infection of
      normal and simian virus 40-transformed simian cell lines.
AB  - Simian virus 40 (SV40) growth on rhesus kidney cells and on the T-22 line of SV40
      transformed green monkey kidney (GMK) cells is largely limited by the low plating
      efficiency of SV40 on these cells. In addition, a fraction of the rhesus kidney
      and T-22 cells are resistant to infection by SV40. Nevertheless, 72-h viral
      yields per infected rhesus kidney and T-22 cell are nearly equivalent to that
      obtained on normal GMK cells and are independent of the multiplicity of
      infection. Despite the production of high viral yields, infected rhesus kidney
      and T-22 cells are killed slowly by SV40. Monolayers of these cells are also
      refractory to plaque formation by SV40. SV40 induces the release of lysosomal N
      acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase into the cytoplasmic fractions of rhesus kidney and T
      22 cells to an extent equal to that observed during infection of rapidly killed
      normal GMK cells. In contrast, damage to the plasma membrane, as indicated by the
      release of the cellular enzymes lactic dehydrogenase and glutamic oxaloacetic
      transaminase into the overlay media, occurred to a much greater extent in the
      normal GMK cells than in the rhesus kidney or T-22 cells. Neither a lysosomal
      hydrolase mechanism nor viral release appear to be responsible for this
      phenomenon. The different rates and extents of the SV40 cytocidal process on
      these cells do not result from the differences in the viral plating efficiency on
      them.

PMID- 176471
TI  - Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in synchronized human cells infected with
      herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.
AB  - Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in uninfected and herpes simplex virus
      type 1 (HSV-1)- and HSV-2-infected KB cells were analyzed to determine whether
      ribonucleotide reductase functions in vivo in the presence and absence of
      thymidine (TdR). Previously we showed that HSV-2 replication was inhibited in KB
      cells blocked in their capacity to synthesize DNA by TdR. HSV-1 replication was
      not inhibited under these conditions. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 induced an altered
      ribonucleotide reductase resistant to dTTP inhibition. Thus, the block to HSV-2
      replication apparently was not at the level of reductase. However, the in vitro
      activity of the enzyme does not necessarily correspond to intracellular
      conditions. In TdR-blocked HSV-2-infected cells, we found that, while dTTP levels
      remained high, dCTP concentrations increased. In contrast, KB cells blocked by
      TdR showed increased dTTP but decreased dCTP levels. We conclude that the HSV-2
      enzyme is functional in vivo and that TdR inhibits viral replication by a
      mechanism other than depletion of dCTP. Infection of KB cells with HSV-1 or HSV-2
      altered both dATP and dGTP levels in the presence or absence of TdR. Inhibition
      of viral replication was not explained by changes in these pools. We suggest
      that, during infection, HSV-1 induces a virus function(s) not related to
      reductase which is resistant to TdR, whereas the corresponding HSV-2 function is
      sensitive. Our evidence shows that the TdR-sensitive function is not in the
      pathways leading to deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate and may occur at the level
      of DNA replication.

PMID- 176472
TI  - Early events after infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T5. II. Control
      of the bacteriophage-induced 5'-nucleotidase activity.
AB  - The control of activity of the bacteriophage T5-induced 5'-nucleotidase is
      dependent upon the amount of T5 parental DNA injected into the cell and
      expressed. When only the first-step transfer DNA is injected and expressed the
      amount of 5'-nucleotidase activity observed is two to three times the maximum
      amount observed after normal T5 infection, and inactivation of the enzyme does
      not occur. Enzyme inactivation occurs only after the remaining DNA is injected,
      but only limited expression of this DNA is required. The control of the
      nucleotidase inactivation process is similar to that for the repair of the nicks
      in parental DNA, and is probably mediated by a class IIa protein.

PMID- 176473
TI  - Host range temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2.
AB  - Two small-plaque mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (strain 333),
      whose growth at 39 C was blocked in certain cell types (cell-dependent
      temperature sensitivity), were compared compared with parental virus in a number
      of biological assays. One mutant (no. 69) was found to produce a large number of
      morphologically normal, but noninfectious, particles; under nonpermissive
      conditions, these mutant particles were able to interfere with the replication of
      wild-type HSV-2. The other mutant (no. 74), which is known to belong to a
      different complementation group, appeared to direct little virus DNA synthesis,
      even at the permissive temperature. Progeny production and virus DNA synthesis in
      cells infected by mutant 74 were delayed in comparison with wild-type virus
      infected cells. Both mutants were found to be more sensitive to UV irradiation
      than the parental virus; this was especially marked in the case of mutant 74.
      Moreover, this mutant was found to have a high transforming efficiency at much
      lower doses of irradiation than those needed to abolish the cytopathic effect of
      wildtype HSV-2.

PMID- 176475
TI  - Renal cyst puncture: a non-diagnostic procedure in the infant.
AB  - A case of metastatic Wilms tumor in a newborn is presented. Cyst puncture was
      included in the preoperative evaluation and the merits of this procedure in
      infants are questioned. The differential diagnosis of intrarenal masses in the
      neonate is discussed.

PMID- 176474
TI  - Antigenic activity of human urothelial tissue.
AB  - Partially purified extracts from 71 human urothelial tumors and from 75 human
      urothelial non-tumor tissues were used as competing antigens in competition
      radioimmunoassay in an effort to detect the presence of 1 of the structural
      components of type C-ribonucleic and viruses, the p30 core protein. Testing of
      the tissue extracts was carried out by homologous and heterologous assay systems
      using 125I-labeled murine (Friend) and feline (Rickard) p30 antigens and anti
      feline and anti-murine p30 antisera. The homologous assays were designed to
      detect the presence of p30 antigens in the human tissue extracts having similar
      characteristics to the p30 antigens of either the feline or murine type C
      viruses. The heterologous assay system was designed to detect interspecies
      antigenic determinants common to murine and feline viruses and also primate
      viruses. A competing antigen present in 28 per cent of the tissue extracts
      assayed demonstrated an antigenic protein that competed with the viral p30
      protein used in the heterologous radioimmunoassay system and to a lesser extent
      in the homologous feline radioimmunoassay system. Antigenic competitor proteins
      were found in tumor and non-tumor tissue. These data suggest that some human
      urothelial tissues contain at least part of the genome of 1 or more type C
      viruses. Those tissues that are positive only in the heterologous assay system
      behave like viral p30 antigens already identified in tissues of several other
      primates. Those tissues that are positive in the heterologous assay system and
      the homologous system indicate that the p30 antigenic activity is closely related
      to that p30 present in feline C-type viruses. Further purification and more
      detailed characterization of those competing proteins are now under study.

PMID- 176476
TI  - Chlorination and iodination of poliovirus and f2.

PMID- 176477
TI  - The prevalence of antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in some
      game animals of East Africa.
AB  - Antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was present in the sera of 10
      of 25 species of game animals from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda during 1960-1973.
      Prevalence of antibody varied considerably between, but not within, species.

PMID- 176478
TI  - An epornitic of duck plague on a Wisconsin game farm.
AB  - In April, 1973, an acute disease with a high rate of mortality appeared in a
      flock of 233 ducks and geese at a private game farm. Most of the flock (220) were
      black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mortality was restricted to them. In May, the
      remaining live birds were placed in isolation but mortality continued in black
      ducks and occurred in other species. The overall rate of mortality for black
      ducks was 93% and the case fatality rate was 97%. No hemorrhaging from either the
      bill or vent was observed. The most commonly observed gross lesions were
      extensive fibrino-necrotic plaques covering the mucosal surface of the esophagus,
      posterior colon and cloaca. Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on visceral
      organs, particularly the heart, were also common. Virus isolation was attempted
      from tissues of three black ducks. Duck plague virus was isolated from liver,
      kidney, spleen and intestine of each. Sixteen black ducks survived the outbreak.
      Seven of these birds had significant levels of neutralizing antibody to duck
      plague virus.

PMID- 176479
TI  - MBK neuropathy among spray painters.
AB  - It has been suggested that the solvent methyl N-butyl ketone (MBK) may cause
      peripheral neuropathy in humans. An investigation was undertaken after two cases
      of peripheral neuropathy among spray painters at one work site were reported to
      the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Twenty-six painters
      were interviewed and examined. Two were found to have definite peripheral
      neuropathy and one had a probable case. Although one of these men had been
      exposed to lead in the past, there are strong reasons to believe that MBK was
      responsible for his neuropathy. There was nothing to suggest excessive lead
      absorption in the other two men.

PMID- 176480
TI  - Superior vena caval obstruction due to small-cell anaplastic lung carcinoma.
      Response to chemotherapy.
AB  - Among 38 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, small-cell type, eight patients
      had superior vena caval obstruction (SVCO) of recent onset. Seven of these
      patients were initially treated with combination chemotherapy (lomustine,
      cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate). One patient who had SVCO was treated
      initially by radiotherapy, with subsequent chemotherapy. In each patient,
      resolution of the syndrome was prompt, usually was complete by seven days, and
      was accompanied by objective tumor shrinkage. Symptoms of SVCO were transiently
      aggravated by the initiation of treatment in only one patient. In one individual
      treated by chemotherapy alone and in one treated by chemotherapy plus
      radiotherapy, SVCO recurred after initial control. Chemotherapy is an effective
      form of management of SVCO caused by small-cell carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 176482
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on metabolism and
      circulation].

PMID- 176481
TI  - Orphan airlift. Enteric pathogens isolated from Vietnamese children immigrating
      to the United States.
AB  - Isolation studies for bacterial and parasitic agents were carried out on stool
      specimens from Vietnamese infants at the time of their mass airlift to the United
      States. One or more bacterial pathogens were found in 49% of the 367 stool
      specimens cultured. The isolates included enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
      (161), Shigella (16), Salmonella (15), but no Salmonella typhi or Vibrio
      cholerae. Parasites identified in 88 stool specimens included Giardia lamblia
      (10), Ascaris lumbricoides (7), and Entamoeba histolytica (1). Transmission of
      agents to volunteers probably occurred, because 48% of 272 adults questioned had
      diarrhea shortly after caring for the children, and stool cultures from these
      adults resulted in the isolation of E coli (105), Salmonella (1), and Shigella
      (3).

PMID- 176483
TI  - [Effects of estrogen on endotoxic-shock (1)].

PMID- 176484
TI  - [Significance of collagenase in digestive system diseases].

PMID- 176485
TI  - [Changes in the activities of rate-limiting enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in
      the liver during disturbances of hepatic circulation--with special reference to
      changes associated with portal ligation].

PMID- 176486
TI  - [Cystic dilatation of accessory pancreatic duct and primary liver cell carcinoma
      simulating primary duodenal ulcer--report of 2 cases].

PMID- 176488
TI  - [Studies on renal dysfunction of inhabitants in Cd-polluted district (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 176487
TI  - [Inhibition of vitamin D3 action on serum calcium concentration in rats treated
      with stannous chloride (author's transl)].

PMID- 176490
TI  - [Serum ACTH determination with ACTH immunoassay kit].

PMID- 176489
TI  - The effect of cobalt chloride on the lipid metabolism in rabbit liver. Changes in
      plasma insulin, hepatic lysosomal triglyceride lipase, alpha-glycerophosphate and
      cyclic AMP concentrations.

PMID- 176491
TI  - [First aid in the clinical field. Emergency treatment and follow-up care in cases
      of poisoning].

PMID- 176492
TI  - [First aid in the clinical field. Emergency care and follow-up treatment in
      hematemesis and melena].

PMID- 176494
TI  - Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of 8-substituted derivatives of 3',5'
      cyclic AMP.

PMID- 176493
TI  - The regulation of respiration of guinea pig taenia coli in high-K medium: the
      role of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, adenosine diphosphate and Ca++.
AB  - In an attempt to elucidate the regulation mechanism of respiration in the smooth
      muscle cell, we investigated the roles of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide
      (NAD), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Ca++ in the muscle respiration using the
      tissues and subcellular fractions from guinea pig taenia coli. The tension in the
      strips of taenia coli increased with a concomitant increase in O2 consumption in
      high-K medium (40 mM K) containing 2.5 mM Ca. 10(-3) M amytal and 10(-5)M ouabain
      decreased the high-K induced tension and O2 consumption of the muscle. 10(-4)M
      2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) relieved the decreased respiration induced by ouabain,
      but not that with amytal. From these data it is suggested that NADH-linked
      respiration plays an important role in the respiration of the muscle. Ca++ in
      concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mM in the high-K medium resulted in an
      increase in tension and in O2 concumption progressively. In spectrophotometric
      observations of subcellular fractions of the taenia coli, ADP increased in
      absorbance change at 340 m mu. Such occurred in mitochondrial fractions and was
      initiated by the addition of NADH. Therefore it is deduced that the increase in
      ADP level of the cytoplasm is primarily due to a contraction triggered by Ca++
      thus stimulating respiration. On the other hand, at 0.1 mM of Ca++ concentration,
      the muscle strip increased O2 consumption without tension development in high-K
      medium. In the spectrophotometric observations, Ca++ and Sr++ increased the
      absorbance change in the homogenate and in the mitochondrial fraction. Hence, it
      seems that one part of the Ca++ entering into the smooth muscle treated with the
      high-K increased O2 consumption in mitochondia independent of an increase in
      muscle tension. From these results it is concluded that NADH-linked respiration
      plays an important role in the smooth muscle respiration in high-K medium and
      that ADP and Ca++ also play a role in regulating respiration.

PMID- 176495
TI  - [Adverse effects of synthetic ACTH (tetracosactide-Zn)--asthmatic attack and
      shock-report of 2 cases].

PMID- 176496
TI  - [Changes of cyclic AMP levels in the trachea and their significance, with special
      reference to the effects of bronchodilators, steroids, histamine and
      antihistamine].

PMID- 176497
TI  - Immunofluorescent studies on the multiplication of equine arteritis virus in Vero
      and E. Derm (NBL-6) cells.

PMID- 176499
TI  - [Benign vascular tumor of the stomach].

PMID- 176498
TI  - Inhibition of enterotoxin-induced intestinal secretion by the polypeptide
      antibiotic, polymyxin.

PMID- 176500
TI  - [Effect of low temperature on corneal collagenase].

PMID- 176501
TI  - ["Hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia" (Tangier-disease) (author's transl)].
AB  - Report on a case of Tangier disease in a girl aged 4.11 m. Clinically the tonsils
      were hypertrophic and of a yellow color. Their stroma contained many
      cholesterinesters which produced the histologic picture of foam-cell
      xanthomatosis. The serum contained only traces of alpha-lipoprotein. The level of
      Cholesterin of the HDL fraction was reduced to one twelvth of the norm. The serum
      of her father also showed a clearly reduced content of HDL cholesterin. In the
      patient herself lipolytic enzymes like lecithin-cholesterin-acyltransferase, post
      heparin plasma-lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglycerid-lipase showed normal
      activity.

PMID- 176502
TI  - [Granulocyte dysfunction. I. Inborn defects (author's transl)].
AB  - The insight in the function and dysfunction of granulocytes lately arouses more
      and more interest. This report summarises our present knowledge. In the first of
      two chapters the authors review the molecular basis of granulocyte function and
      the inborn defects of chemotaxis, opsonisation, phagocytosis and intracellular
      killing of bacteria and fungi.

PMID- 176503
TI  - [Diurnal profiles of plasma aldosterone, cortisol, renin, angiotensinogen and
      angiotensinases in normal subjects (author's transl)].
AB  - Plasma cortisol and renin were estimated in 1 h intervals, plasma aldosterone,
      angiotensinogen and angiotensinases in 3 h intervals over periods of 24 h in six
      normal volunteers (age 20-26) under control conditions and subsequently under
      suppression of ACTH release by dexamethasone. Highest cortisol levels were found
      around 7 a.m., minimum levels between 9 p.m. and 1 a.m. Dexamethasone reduced
      cortisol to constantly low concentrations. Aldosterone was highest around 4 a.m.
      under control conditions and under dexamethasone, and showed lowest
      concentrations between 4 and 10 p.m. There were no significant differences
      between mean aldosterone concentrations at corresponding time points of the
      control and the dexamethasone period. Similar to aldosterone, renen showed peak
      values around 4 a.m. All mean values at corresponding time points between 7 a.m.
      and 11 p.m. and the 24 hour mean values of each subject were significantly
      increased under the influence of dexamethasone. No evidence could be achieved for
      the existence of circadian rhythms of angiotensinogen and angiotensinases.
      Dexamethasone did not cause significant changes of these parameters.

PMID- 176504
TI  - [Post-heparin-lipolytic activity in acute ethanol-induced hyperlipoproteinemia
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Post-heparin lipolytic-activity (PHLA) was studied in 10 healthy volunteers
      ingesting 0.5 g of ethanol/kg body weight initially and 0.1 g/kg body weight and
      hour over 5 hours. This dose led to enhancement in plasma triglycerides to about
      170% of the pre-ethanol values. PHLA was determined before, 15 min, 1 and 5 hours
      after intake of the initial dose and showed no significant changes. These
      findings are compared with the results of earlier investigations. It is concluded
      that acute ethanol induced hyperlipoproteinemia in healthy man seems to be due
      mainly to enhanced hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and release of very low
      density lipoproteins and not to decrease catabolism of triglyceride rich
      lipoproteins.

PMID- 176505
TI  - Defects in granulocyte function in various chromosome abnormalities (Down's-,
      Edwards'-, Cri-du-chat syndrome).
AB  - In five infants with autosomal aberrations and diminished resistance to infection
      (in spite of intact humoral and cellular immune mechanisms) several granulocyte
      functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, intracellular killing and metabolism of
      killing) were measured. A serum-dependent or a cell-dependent disturbance of
      phagocytosis of Candida albicans was found in two infants with cat-cry syndrome
      and one with trisomy 18. In one of these children there was an additional serum
      dependent defect of the killing of Candida albicans and of Staphylococcus aureus,
      serum levels of opsonins (IgG, IgM, CH50 and C3) being within normal range. An
      infant with trisomy 21 showed, in addition to a cellular defect of chemotaxis, a
      reduced cellular ability of the killing of Staphylococcus aureus and of
      Escherichia coli in autologous and AB-pool-serum. Phagocytosis of these bacteria
      remained normal.

PMID- 176506
TI  - [Educational goals catalog for the practical and theoretical education in nursing
      and pediatric nursing from the Social Ministry in Hessen].

PMID- 176507
TI  - [New horizons for nursing].

PMID- 176510
TI  - [State recognition as nurse specialist in community health nursing in
      Niedersachsen].

PMID- 176508
TI  - [Development in the health service as exemplified by the nursing profession].

PMID- 176509
TI  - [Registration - why?].

PMID- 176511
TI  - [Health has its price. Preventive health care decreases long-term costs].

PMID- 176512
TI  - [Political education - why? Content and goal of political education].

PMID- 176513
TI  - [German nursing in crisis].

PMID- 176514
TI  - [Health professions in the tension sphere of education and practice].

PMID- 176515
TI  - [Results of new nursing legislation for the education of nursing instructors].

PMID- 176517
TI  - [The problem with energy. Observations of someone who thinks this world is still
      beautiful].

PMID- 176516
TI  - [Cry for help from the future].

PMID- 176518
TI  - [Energy, water supply and disposal, waste disposal in hospitals.--merely a minor
      cost factor and unsignificant environmental factor?].

PMID- 176519
TI  - [Environmental hazards in the hospital, as examplified by hospitalismus].

PMID- 176520
TI  - [What to do with useless drugs].

PMID- 176521
TI  - [The road to successful training].

PMID- 176522
TI  - [Better vision--getting more out of life].

PMID- 176523
TI  - [Corneal transplantation].

PMID- 176524
TI  - [The blind among us].

PMID- 176525
TI  - [Early diagnosis through eye examination].

PMID- 176526
TI  - [Giving handicapped their due share. 1].

PMID- 176527
TI  - [Research in nursing].

PMID- 176528
TI  - [Nursing practice; a new form of independent practice in the nursing profession].

PMID- 176529
TI  - [Developing the "supernurse"].

PMID- 176530
TI  - [Health policy in the country of Mao].

PMID- 176531
TI  - Protein and enzyme changes in tomato fruit in relation to blotchy ripening and
      potassium nutrition.

PMID- 176532
TI  - The measurement of feruloylquinic acids and caffeoylquinic acids in coffee beans.
      Development of the technique and its preliminary application to green coffee
      beans.

PMID- 176533
TI  - Health and medical care at the time of the American Centennial.

PMID- 176534
TI  - The effect of transformation-defective avian oncornavirus mutants on tumor
      antigen expression.
AB  - The recent isolation of conditional (temperature sensitive) and nonconditional
      transformation-defective mutants of avian sarcoma virus strains has facilitated
      the investigation of the effect of virus transformation on the cell's phenotype,
      e.g., with respect to morphology, growth pattern, or cell surface antigenicity.
      Special emphasis was laid on elucidating the correlation between transformed
      phenotype and tumor antigen expression. All of the tested nontransforming
      deletion mutants and the majority of the temperature-sensitive mutants were
      unable to induce tumor antigens in phenotypically untransformed cells. However, 3
      temperature-sensitive mutants were found which were able to support the
      expression of tumor specific surface antigens even at restrictive temperature,
      when cells otherwise exhibited a normal phenotype. The theoretical and practical
      implications of this association between normal phenotype and tumor antigen
      expression are discussed.

PMID- 176535
TI  - Nonrandom distribution of receptors for melanocyte-stimulating hormone on the
      surface of mouse melanoma cells.
AB  - An improved bubble method was developed for applying an ultrathin layer of
      nuclear track emulsion on the surface of cells labeled with I125-MSH. The
      autoradiographs of I125-MSH binding indicate a nonrandom distribution of
      receptors on the surface of mouse melanoma cells. It is suggested that MSH
      receptors are displayed in clusters previous to and independently of their
      exposure to the hormone.

PMID- 176536
TI  - Chromosomally depleted interspecific hybrid cell clones selected with cytotoxic
      antisera: utilization in the study of control of murine leukemia virus host
      range.
AB  - A chromosomally stable mouse-Chinese hamster hybrid cell line was subjected to
      five rounds of selection with cytotoxic antisera raised in rabbits against either
      the parental mouse 3T3 cells or the parental Chinese hamster Wg-1 cells. Routine
      karyological analysis of clones isolated at each stage of serum selection
      revealed that treatment with either serum resulted in a limited loss of
      chromosomes (compared to the untreated hybrid cell cultured in parallel) and that
      the pattern of chromosome loss could not be correlated with the particular
      antiserum used for selection. However, more detailed analysis with the SSC
      formamide C-banding technique, which identifies chromosomes containing a mouse
      centromere region, demonstrated that while large-scale chromosome loss was not
      achieved as a result of antiserum selection, the limited loss of chromosomes did,
      in fact, reflect a specific depletion of chromosomes in response to treatment
      with cytotoxic antiserum. Specific chromosomal elimination was shown to occur as
      early as the first round of antiserum treatment. Antigenic analysis of the serum
      selected clones revealed a quantitative decrease in the expression of the species
      specific surface antigens selected against, but no qualitative loss of antigens
      was detected. The results suggest that treatment with cytotoxic antiserum may
      select for clones that have lost specific chromosomes bearing genes regulating
      the expression of species-specific surface antigens, rather than for those
      demonstrating large-scale depletion of chromosomes bearing the corresponding
      structural genes. Some of these chromosomally depleted hybrid cell clones have
      been used (along with pseudotype viruses containing the genome of vesicular
      stomatitis virus within the envelope of murine leukemia virus, VSV [MuLV]), to
      study the mechanisms regulating MuLV replication in Chinese hamster cells. The
      results indicate that the restriction of MuLV replication in Chinese hamster
      cells operates at two levels: (a) an inability to adsorb to or penetrate Chinese
      hamster cells; and (b) an additional intracellular block which is dominant in the
      mouse-Chinese hamster hybrid cell clones examined. This latter block is presently
      under study.

PMID- 176537
TI  - Structure and function of cholera toxin and hormone receptors.
AB  - The enterotoxin from Vibrio cholerae is a protein of 100,000 mol wt which
      stimulates adenylate cyclase activity ubiquitously. The binding of biologically
      active 125I-labeled choleragen to cell membranes is of extraordinary affinity and
      specificity. The binding may be restricted to membrane-bound ganglioside GM1.
      This ganglioside can be inserted into membranes from exogenous sources, and the
      increased toxin binding in such cells can be reflected by an increased
      sensitivity to the biological effects of the toxin. Features of the toxin
      activated adenylate cyclase, including conversion of the enzyne to a GTP
      sensitive state, and the increased sensitivity of activation by hormones, suggest
      analogies between the basic mechanism of action of choleragen and the events
      following binding of hormones to their receptors. The action of the toxin is
      probably not mediated through intermediary cytoplasmic events, suggesting that
      its effects are entirely due to processes involving the plasma membrane. The
      kinetics of activation of adenylate cyclase in erythrocytes from various species
      as well as in rat adipocytes suggest a direct interaction between toxin and the
      cyclase enzyme which is difficult to reconcile with catalytic mechanisms of
      adenylate cyclase activation. Direct evidence for this can be obtained from the
      comigration of toxin radioactivity with adenylate cyclase activity when toxin
      activated membranes are dissolved in detergents and chromatographed on gel
      filtration columns. Agarose derivatives containing the "active" subunit of the
      toxin can specifically absorb adenylate cyclase activity, and specific antibodies
      against the choleragen can be used for selective immunoprecipitation of adenylate
      cyclase activity from detergent-solubilized preparations of activated membranes.
      It is proposed that toxin action involves the initial formation of an inactive
      toxin-ganglioside complex which subsequently migrates and is somehow transformed
      into an active species which involves relocation within the two-dimensional
      structure of the membrane with direct perturbation of adenylate cyclase molecules
      (virtually irreversibly). These studies suggest new insights into the normal
      mechanisms by which hormone receptors modify membrane functions.

PMID- 176538
TI  - Nursing care of patients with burned upper extremities.

PMID- 176539
TI  - Infection in the burned upper extremity.
AB  - Infection invariably accompanies thermal injury. The degree to which a patient is
      jeopardized by infection is related to the size and depth of the burn, the
      density and virulence of the microorganisms colonizing the burn wound, and the
      competence of his immune defenses. The aim of topical therapy is to limit
      microbial colonization of the burn wound to levels below those associated with
      invasive infection of the viable tissue beneath the eschar. The use of effective
      topical and systemic antimicrobial agents has been associated with the emergence
      of other bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and a delay in separation of the
      eschar, presumably caused by the suppression of bacterial debribement of the burn
      wound. The treatment of fractures in thermally injured patients may require
      compromise to permit optimal wound care and alertness toward the development of
      osteomyelitis. Because of the frequency of suppurative thrombophlebitis in burned
      patients, particular care is needed in the management of intravenous cannulae.
      The treatment of burns is largely the control of infection. Awareness of the
      septic complications of thermal injury and constant vigilance against them is
      critical in successful burn management.

PMID- 176540
TI  - [Antiviral effect of acridine derivative C 283].

PMID- 176541
TI  - [Antiviral effects of acridine derivative C 283 in Herpes simplex studies].

PMID- 176542
TI  - [Antiviral effects of some biguanide derivatives].

PMID- 176543
TI  - Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: radiographic aspects.
AB  - Because of consistent and unique radiographic features of JNA, it is not
      necessary, nor is it advisable, to biopsy these tumors to establish a diagnosis.
      In addition, the carotid arteriograms show the major feeding vessels to the
      lesion and also completely delineate the periphery of the tumor, thus
      establishing operability versus non-operability. If a JNA is treated by
      radiotherapy, the changes effected can be followed by carotid arteriography.

PMID- 176544
TI  - Granular cell myoblastomas.
AB  - Granular cell myoblastoma is an uncommon benign tumor. The diagnosis is rarely
      suspected preoperatively, and the clinician is frequently baffled or frightened
      by an unfamiliar diagnosis. Twenty-eight patients with the diagnosis of granular
      cell myoblastoma presented for treatment at Richmond Eye and Ear Hospital and the
      Medical College of Virginia Hospitals between January 1, 1952, and December 31,
      1974. The authors believe that this is one of the largest series of cases
      reported in the world literature. The tumor presents most often in the fourth
      decade of life and about equally in the sexes. Of interest is the nearly 5:1
      predominance in the Negro race compared to the Caucasian race.

PMID- 176545
TI  - Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.
AB  - Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas have traditionally been difficult tumors to manage.
      Their extreme vascularity has led to excessive bleeding during surgical removal,
      which often obscured the surgical field and contributed to high recurrence rates
      because of incomplete removal. High recurrence rates have also been due to
      failure to recognize the full size and extent of these tumors preoperatively by
      routine physical examination and X-ray techniques. A combined experience of the
      authors with over 45 cases from the University of Michigan and the University of
      California, San Francisco, is presented to review the problems in management of
      these tumors and to present techniques of diagnosis and management which have
      been used to overcome some of these problems. The most important advances in
      diagnosis have been the radiographic techniques of laminagraphy and carotid
      angiography. Previously unrecognized tumor extensions into the areas surrounding
      the nasopharynx have been quite clearly demonstrated by these techniques.
      Improved surgical treatment of these tumors by wider surgical exposure and
      removal, utilizing multiple approaches when necessary, and by better control of
      bleeding by ligation and embolization of the main arterial supply, has led to
      fewer recurrences.

PMID- 176546
TI  - Glomus tympanicum--excision by radical mastoidectomy exposure with autograft
      reconstruction.
AB  - Wide surgical exposure, total tumor removal and anatomic and functional
      reconstruction are the goals of tumor management. These goals are met by radical
      mastoidectomy exposure for the removal of glomus tympanicum tumors and
      reconstruction by autograft replacement of the posterior osseous canal, and if
      the tympanic membrane, malleus and incus are removed for tumor exposure,
      autograft replacement may also be accomplished. The history, physical findings, X
      rays and details of surgical management of two patients with glomus tympanicum
      are reviewed. Wide removal of the posterior osseous canal, just lateral to the
      VIIth nerve with total replacement of this segment gives excellent exposure of
      the middle ear space and affords total reconstruction of the posterior osseous
      canal.

PMID- 176547
TI  - [Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma].

PMID- 176548
TI  - [Technetium pyrophosphate bone scanning in rheumatology and cancerology (apropos
      of 180 cases)].

PMID- 176549
TI  - The glucose effect:  carbohydrate repression of enzyme induction, RNA synthesis,
      and glucocorticoid activity -- a role for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.

PMID- 176550
TI  - Renal cyclic GMP and cholinergic mechanisms in erythropoietin production.

PMID- 176551
TI  - Acridine spin labels as probes for nucleic acids.

PMID- 176552
TI  - Steroid hormone receptors in human malignancy.

PMID- 176553
TI  - Measurements of brain amobarbital concentrations in rats anesthetized and
      overdosed by amobarbital and treated centrally with dibutyryl cyclic AMP.

PMID- 176554
TI  - Adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase in transitional epithelium of the urinary
      bladder.

PMID- 176555
TI  - Effect of jet aircraft noise upon in vitro adrenocortical response to ACTH in
      feral Mus musculus.

PMID- 176556
TI  - Action of insulin analogues on cultured human fibroblasts reflects biological
      potency.

PMID- 176557
TI  - A simple ultrasensitive method for the assay of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in
      tissues.

PMID- 176558
TI  - What we know about sleep disorders in children.

PMID- 176559
TI  - [Azotobacter chroococcum hydrogenase reduction of certain acceptors and kinetic
      parameters of the studied reactions].

PMID- 176560
TI  - [Polymyxin M biosynthesis by Bacillus polymyxa Ross depending on the source of
      ammonium nitrogen and its concentration in the medium].

PMID- 176562
TI  - [Breast neoplasms in children and adolescents].

PMID- 176561
TI  - [Value and relevance of metabolic function tests in the diagnosis of primary
      hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)].
AB  - Calcium, phosphate and alcaline phosphatase levels were determined in the serum
      of 29 patients with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism. Phosphate clearance
      according to Kyle, 24 hours urine hydroxyproline excretion during collagen free
      diet, the excretion of cAMP in the 24 h urine during calcium restricted diet were
      examined with regard to the diagnostic value and relevance as compared to the
      consumption of laboratory and staff time. The elevation of the serum calcium
      levels are not specific and only of minor diagnostic value. It has been found
      that the highest diagnostic value is given by the Kyle-test using 15 mg Ca
      ions/kg body weight. No false positive results were recorded. The excretion of
      hydroxyproline and calcium are only of limited value. Serum alcaline phosphatase
      and cAMP excretion have no diagnostic significance whereas concentration of serum
      phosphate may have some value.

PMID- 176563
TI  - [The hormonally active pancreatic neoplasms. Occurrence, clinical symptoms, the
      diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities].

PMID- 176565
TI  - Site and mechanism of anesthetic action. II. Pressure effect on the nerve
      conduction-blocking activity of a spin label anesthetic.

PMID- 176564
TI  - Site and mechanism of anesthetic action. I. Effect of anesthetics and pressure on
      fluidity of spin-labeled lipid vesicles.

PMID- 176566
TI  - Altered adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate synthesis and degradation by C-6
      astrocytoma cells following prolonged exposure to norepinephrine.

PMID- 176567
TI  - Adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate in the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. I.
      Activation of adenylate cyclase by 5-hydroxytryptamine.

PMID- 176568
TI  - Adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate in the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. II.
      Activation of protein kinase by 5-hydroxytryptamine.

PMID- 176569
TI  - [Interaction of spin-labeled analogues of vitamin B 6 with the active site of
      apotransaminase].
AB  - Spin-labeled analogues of vitamin B6: 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-N-oxylpiperydinyl-4
      (5' phosphopyridoxyl)-amine (1) and 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-N-oxyl-piperydinyl-4
      (pyridoxal-5')-phosphate (II) are synthesized. There analogues were shown to
      interact in the equimolar ratio with the active site of cytosol aspartate
      transaminase. It was proved by CD-titration of apotransaminase with I and II and
      by competition between the coenzyme and synthesized analogues. The free valency
      of spin-labeled coenzymes immediately disappears after interaction with the
      apoenzyme due to iminoxyl group reduction. The binding of I and II with the
      apoenzyme is accompanied by oxidation of one of the inner cysteine residues. The
      reactivation of the modified apoenzyme with PLP is not less than 65% of original
      transaminase activity. The analysis of space-filling atomic models of synthesized
      compounds allows to conclude that the distance between the centre of pyridine
      ring of the coenzyme and the modified thiol group is not more than 8 A.

PMID- 176570
TI  - [Study of the nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii by the method of spin
      labels].
AB  - The interaction of nitrogenase with spin labels of four types have been studied.
      Conclusion about the presence of two SH-groups in the nitrogenase active site
      (one in Mo-Fe-protein and one in the Fe-protein) have been drawn from the
      correlation between the degree of inhibition of nitrogenfixing activity by the
      labels derived from p-Cl-Hg-benzoate and degree of binding of these labels to the
      nitrogenase molecule. Anaysis of EPR spectra of spin-labeled nitrogenase at 77
      degrees K and at room temperature have shown that the labels bind to the free SH
      groups and interact with iron containing center (ICC) of nitrogenase through the
      exchange mechanism. Distance between SH-group and ICC have been found to be 12 A.
      Spin labels derived from isocyanide have been bound directly to ICC in amount of
      6--10 labels per one nitrogenase molecule. Due to the exchange interaction
      between these labels they give the singlet ESR spectra both at 77 degrees and at
      room temperature which is characteristic for the closely disposed labels. From
      this fact a conclusion have been drawn about the cluster structure of ICC. The
      labels derived from iodoacetamide ana maleimide bind SH- and NH2-groups of
      nitrogenase molecules. Analysis of temperature dependence of the effective
      rotational frequency of this labels have revealed a conformational transition in
      nitrogenase molecule at 19 degrees C, that has made it possible to explain the
      break in the Arrenius plots of enzyme activity.

PMID- 176571
TI  - [Effect of chain length of dialdehyde oligonucleotides on the rate of their
      interaction with the three-dimensional matrix of polyacrylamide gel].
AB  - The kinetics of the reaction of periodate oxidized oligonucleotides with
      polyacrylhydrazide gel was studied. The rate of the reaction is proportional to
      (see article), where M is the molecular weight of the oligonucleotide for the
      permeable gels. The rate of the reaction with given oligonucleotide decrease as
      the number of crosslinks in the gel matrix increase; a dramatic decrease of the
      rate occurs when  oligonucleotides become too large to penetrate into the matrix.
      The rate of the reactions with short oligonucleotides does not depend upon the
      viscosity of the medium. ESR method revealed a considerable decrease of the
      rotational mobility of oligonucleotides captured by the gel matrix. It has been
      shown  also that an increase of the number of cross-links leads to a decrease of
      the rotational mobility of the gel chains.

PMID- 176572
TI  - [Evolution of the DNA structure: direction, mechanism, rate].
AB  - On the basis of the analysis of frequencies of occurence of pyrimidines of
      different length, the degree of clustering of DNA of a hundred species belonging
      to different taxons has been determined. A tendency towards increase in the index
      of DNA clustering was revealed in the sequence: bacteria, invertebrates, fishes,
      amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. A mechanism is postulated, according to
      which an increase in the degree of clustering of DNA in the process of
      progressive evolution of species may be due to accumulation of mutations, Pyr in
      equilibrium Pur transversions, resulting in an increase in the degree of
      asymmetry of the complementary chains of DNA. That this mechanism does exist is
      proved by a positive correlation between the degree of clustering of DNA and the
      degree of asymmetry of natural DNA chains. The mean frequency of mutation of
      vertebrates is about 4,6-10(-8) substitutions per nucleotide per year. Evolution
      of different groups of organisms may be accompanied with an increase in the rate
      of evolution of DNA structure. With the help of a special computer program,
      proceeding from the amino acid sequence of cytochromes c in 40 species belonging
      to different taxons, the degree of clustering of pyrimidines and the degree of
      asymmetry of complementary chains of DNA cistrons coding for cytochrome c was
      determined. A general tendency towards an increase in the mean values of the
      corresponding parametres of structure was found in the following: bacteria,
      invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus, it was
      established that "neutral" amino acid substitutions in cytochromes are based on
      the selection of mutations leading to accumulation of pyrimidines in sense H
      chain of DNA, and purines--in the corresponding mRNA. The frequency of mutation
      in cytochrome c of chordates is about 5,2-10(-8) of amino acid residues per year.
      It is assumed that the evolution modification of DNA structure may be due to
      increase in the disturbance stability of translation.

PMID- 176573
TI  - [The regulator effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate and cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate on protein and RNA synthesis by isolated mitochondria].
AB  - Effects of fructoso-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate (cAMP) on various steps of protein biosynthesis in isolated rat
      liver mitochondria were investigated. It was shown that FDP repressed and cAMP
      depressed the incorporation of both 14C-amino acid and [3H]uridine into
      mitochondrial polysomes. Cyclic 2',3'-adenosine monophosphate, a physiologically
      inactive analog of cAMP, had no depressing effect on the polysomes formation in
      mitochondria. Effects of FDP and cAMP on the synthesis of mitochondrial RNA at
      different periods of incubation (5, 10, 30 min) were studied. It was found that
      FDP repressed the high molecular weight mitochondrial RNA biosynthesis and
      prevented the mRNA formation. cAMP derepressed the FDP effect. Rifampicin
      prevented the derepressing action of cAMP. The rate of protein synthesis in the
      translation system isolated from mitochondria was affected neither by FDP nor by
      cAMP. Authors concluded that in the mammalian mitochondria the repression of
      protein synthesis by a glycolytic metabolite (FDP) and its derepression by cAMP
      represented regulatory mechanism acting at the transcription level like
      catabolite repression-derepression in microorganisms.

PMID- 176574
TI  - [Growth and physical development in adolescence].

PMID- 176575
TI  - [Topic: Conservative surgical therapy of malignant tumors in childhood.
      Introduction].

PMID- 176576
TI  - [Orders of blood coagulation in malignant tumors during childhood].

PMID- 176577
TI  - [Immunosuppressive therapy and cytomegalovirus infection in the animal
      experiment].

PMID- 176578
TI  - [Proceedings: Polyostatic fibrous dysplasia with vitamin D-resistant rachitis].

PMID- 176579
TI  - [Critical comments on the isotope test for galactokinase and galactose-1-P
      uridyltransferase using the DE-81-filter paper].

PMID- 176580
TI  - [Reversible bactericidal defect of leukocytes. Pseudomonas meningitis in a child
      with diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].
AB  - A 3-year-old boy with diabetes mellitus contracted meningitis caused by
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The disease lasted for several months in spite of
      antibiotic treatment. Diabetes mellitus was poorly controlled and hypoglycemia
      often occured. Immunoglobulin levels were normal. Investigations of leukocyte
      functions showed (no bactericidal activity), decreased phagocytic activity and
      very low NBT dye reduction by neutrophils during phagocytosis. Under the
      administration of polymixin, leukocyte transfusions and stabilization of glycemia
      the pathological clinical and laboratory findings disappeared within three weeks.
      Serial investigations of leukocyte function showed a gradual recovery of normal
      activity.

PMID- 176581
TI  - The syndromes of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. Insulin-receptor
      disorders in man.
AB  - In six patients with acanthosis nigricans variable degrees of glucose
      intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and marked resistance to exogenous insulin were
      found. Studies of insulin receptors on circulating monocytes suggest that the
      insulin resistance in these patients was due to a marked decrease in insulin
      binding to its membrane receptors. When these patients were fasted, there was a
      fall in plasma insulin but no increase in insulin binding, suggesting that the
      receptor defect was not secondary to the hyperinsulinemia. The clinical features
      shared by these cases and several similar ones previously reported may be divided
      into two unique clinical syndromes: Type A, a syndrome in younger females with
      signs of virilization or accelerated growth, in whom the receptor defect may be
      primary, and Type B, a syndrome in older females with signs of an immunologic
      disease, in whom circulating antibodies to the insulin receptor are found.

PMID- 176583
TI  - Editorial: Insulin resistance: new insights.

PMID- 176582
TI  - Fasting hypoglycemia in adults.

PMID- 176584
TI  - Letter: The gastro-entero-pancreatic system.

PMID- 176585
TI  - Letter: Hereditary hypophosphatemic bone disease.

PMID- 176586
TI  - Human reovirus-like agent as the major pathogen associated with "winter"
      gastroenteritis in hospitalized infants and young children.
AB  - We found a human reovirus-like agent in the stools of 42 per cent of 143 infants
      and young children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis between January, 1974,
      and June, 1975. Half the patients studied by electron microscopy and serologic
      technics had evidence of infection with the agent. The infection had a seasonal
      pattern: 59 per cent of those admitted during the cooler months (November to
      April) shed the agent, with a peak of 78 per cent in December, 1974, and January,
      1975, combined. None of the patients admitted during the warmer months (May to
      October) shed the agent. None of 275 Escherichia coli isolates from 32 patients
      with diarrhea produced heat-labile enterotoxin, whereas 17 of the 32 had evidence
      of infection with the reovirus-like agent. In addition, 14 of 40 parents of 37
      patients with diarrhea associated with the reovirus-like agent were also
      infected, but most infectious were inapparent. This agent appears to be the major
      cause of diarrheal illness in the young during the cooler months.

PMID- 176587
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 19-1976.

PMID- 176588
TI  - Letter: Congenital folate deficiency.

PMID- 176589
TI  - Adenylate cyclase activity and steroidogenesis in phenotypic revertants of an
      ACTH-insensitive adrenal tumour cell line.

PMID- 176590
TI  - Inhibitory action of noradrenaline and cyclic AMP in explants of rat cerebellum.

PMID- 176591
TI  - Synaptic transmission reversibly conditioned by single-gene mutation in
      Drosophila melanogaster.

PMID- 176592
TI  - Possible role for cyclic nucleotides and phosphorylated membrane proteins in
      postsynaptic actions of neurotransmitters.
AB  - The postsynaptic actions of some neurotransmitters may be mediated through cyclic
      nucleotides and cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphorylation of specific membrane
      proteins in postsynaptic cells. In addition to providing a molecular basis for
      the actions of several neurotransmitters and of certain drugs affecting
      behaviour, the model suggests a mechanism by which neurotransmitter signals may
      be converted into electrophysiological responses in postsynaptic cells.

PMID- 176593
TI  - Chromosome 21 and the cell growth inhibitory effect of human interferon
      preparations.

PMID- 176594
TI  - DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in
      normal avian DNA.

PMID- 176595
TI  - Immunological and biochemical characterisation of type C viruses isolated from
      cultured human AML cells.

PMID- 176596
TI  - Characterisation of a virus (HL23V) isolated from cultured acute myelogenous
      leukaemic cells.

PMID- 176597
TI  - Intracellular forms of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in human tumour cells in vivo.
AB  - Tumour biopsies from Burkitt lymphoma patients, as well as human nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma cells growing in athymic mice, contain Epstein-Barr virus DNA as
      covalently closed circular DNA. In addition integrated viral DNA sequences seem
      to be present.

PMID- 176598
TI  - Suppression of transmission at foreign synapses in adult newt muscle involves
      reduction in quantal content.

PMID- 176599
TI  - Association of Epstein-Barr viral genomes with American Burkitt lymphoma.

PMID- 176600
TI  - Mechanism of selective nonspecific cell-mediated cytotoxicity of virus-infected
      cells.

PMID- 176601
TI  - Effect of interferon on lymphocyte transformation and nuclear antigen production
      by Epstein-Barr virus.

PMID- 176602
TI  - [Report of a geriatric department of a general hospital].

PMID- 176603
TI  - [Treatment of juvenile angiofibroma of the nasopharynx].

PMID- 176604
TI  - [Current developments in the study of bone and mineral metabolism].

PMID- 176605
TI  - [Angiographic findings of tentorial branches of the internal carotid artery in
      gliomas infiltrating the tentorium (author's transl)].
AB  - The tentorial branches, originating from the cavernous portion of the internal
      carotid artery, showed pathological findings in two cases of brain tumors
      infiltrating the tentorium: a glioblastoma multiforme of the temporooccipital and
      basal regions and a medulloblastoma diffusely involving the cerebellar
      hemisphere, vermis brachium pontis and pons. The value and importance of the
      tentorial branches are emphasized in the diagnosis of glioma infiltrating the
      tentorium. The percentage of the visualization and the measurements of the
      visualized segment of these branches were described using selective internal
      carotid angiograms by the transfemoral catheter technic on 50 presumably normal
      adults. The percentage of the visualization of the tentorial branches was 24
      percents and the average visualized segment measured 15 mm with a range of 5 to
      30 mm on conventional angiograms.

PMID- 176606
TI  - [Supratentorial gliomas--surgical technique (author's transl)].

PMID- 176607
TI  - [Endocrinological evaluation of sellar and suprasellar tumor cases (the 2nd
      report);--on postoperative pituitary function (author's transl)].
AB  - Fifty-six cases of sellar and suprasellar tumors were examined endocrinologically
      before and 3 weeks after surgery. 1) Hyporeactive cases of GH & ACTH were more
      frequently found in pituitary adenoma (100% and 23% respectively than in
      craniopharyngioma (86% and 14% respectively) before surgery. 2) GH secretion was
      impaired 3 weeks after surgery in all the cases. 3) ACTH secretion impaired
      preoperatively in 5 cases of pituitary adenoma improved in 3 cases 3 weeks after
      surgery. 4) Hyporeactivity of LH, FSH and TSH was found more frequently after
      surgery than before. 5) Almost all the cases of tuberculum sellae meningioma were
      endocrinologically normal before surgery. 6) ACTH, LH, FSH and prolactin
      secretion in cases of tuberculum sellae meningioma was not impaired after
      surgery, but TSH secretion in these cases became hyporeative in 4 of 5 cases
      after surgery.

PMID- 176608
TI  - Influence of tricyclic antidepressants on the adenylate cyclase-phosphodiesterase
      system in the rat cortex.

PMID- 176609
TI  - Cyclic GMP modulates the intensity of post-tetanic potentiation in bullfrog
      sympathetic ganglia.

PMID- 176610
TI  - The effect of sodium salicylate on dibutyryl cyclic AMP fever in the conscious
      rabbit.

PMID- 176611
TI  - Electrophysiologic changes in uremic neuropathy after successful renal
      transplantation.
AB  - The pattern of electrophysiologic abnormalities in uremic neuropathy was studied
      in 17 patients near the time of successful renal transplantation and for an
      average of 2 years (4 to 68 months) afterward. Initially, sensory and motor
      conduction velocities were reduced, distal latencies were lengthened, and evoked
      action potentials were reduced or dispersed. These abnormalities were most marked
      in clinically severe neuropathies and were consistent with the combined presence
      of axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination. Following transplantation,
      there was a sustained improvement in motor and sensory conduction velocities but
      less consistent improvement in evoked action potentials. In severe neuropathies,
      action potentials tended to remain reduced or absent. The results suggest that
      the main reason for improvement in the neuropathy is segmental remyelination,
      some fibers remaining degenerate in severe neuropathies. In four patients, late
      failure occurred in the transplanted kidney, which was accompanied by recurrence
      of neuropathy. In each patient, a second successful transplant effected
      improvement for a second time.

PMID- 176612
TI  - Riboflavin deficiency, galactose metabolism and cataract.

PMID- 176613
TI  - Isolated ACTH deficiency.

PMID- 176614
TI  - Ovarian and adrenal steroid production in the postmenopausal woman.
AB  - Relative contribution of the ovaries and adrenals to the pool of steroids in
      postmenopausal women is still the subject of much controversy. Estradiol, delta4
      androstenedione, and testosterone were assayed in peripheral blood, adrenal, and
      ovarian vein blood of 11 postmenopausal patients. Intravenous administration of
      hCG resulted in increased androgen production by the ovaries but not estrogens
      while intravenous administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone did not result
      in the enhancement of ovarian and adrenal estrogens.

PMID- 176615
TI  - The role of estrogen receptors in predicting subsequent therapy for recurrent
      breast cancer.

PMID- 176616
TI  - [Characteristics of clinical course of a new outbreak of viral epidemic
      keratoconjunctivitis].

PMID- 176618
TI  - [Some data on juvenile angiofibroma occurring in Poland in the years 1950-1971].

PMID- 176619
TI  - Mononucleosis-like picture. Brucella suis infection.

PMID- 176620
TI  - Massive-dose progestational therapy in oncology (medroxyprogesterone).
      Preliminary results.

PMID- 176621
TI  - New methods of diagnosis.

PMID- 176622
TI  - Conceptual basis for use of chemotherapeutic agents and their pharmacology.

PMID- 176623
TI  - Cellular metabolite distribution and the control of gluconeogenesis in the
      perfused isolated rat liver.
AB  - Glucose production was measured in isolated rat livers perfused with 100 ml of
      blood-free recirculating medium. The gluconeogenic rate using L-alanine as
      substrate was only 55% of that obtained with L-lactate. The steady-state
      concentration of gluconeogenic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were
      measured in freeze clamped biopsies. Livers perfused with L-lactate displayed
      higher concentrations of malate, alpha-glycerophosphate and beta-hydroxybutyrate
      probably as a result of a higher state of reduction of the nicotinamide system.
      Hexose-phosphate intermediates were also increased when L-lactate was the
      substrate. Phosphoenolpyruvate and 3-phosphoglycerate were considerably elevated
      when L-alanine was the glucose precursor. Livers perfused with L-lactate
      displayed higher cytosolic concentration of all the tricarboxylic acid cycle
      intermediates except oxaloacetate while glutamate was slightly and aspartate
      considerably higher when alanine was the substrate. In the mitochondrial
      compartment the pattern of distribution tended to be the opposite; that is,
      livers perfused with L-lactate showed lower concentrations of all the
      intermediates except alpha-ketoglutarate. The mitochondrial: cytosolic metabolite
      gradients of all the intermediates whose distribution was studied were higher in
      livers perfused with L-alanine. The relevance of these findings to the observed
      differences in the gluconeogenic fluxes are discussed.

PMID- 176624
TI  - The relationship between the rate of rise of isometric tension and motor unit
      recruitment in a human forearm muscle.
AB  - The recruitment properties of single motor units from the human extensor indicis
      muscle were investigated during voluntary isometric contractions of different
      rate of rise but equal amplitude. Both the electrical and the contractile events
      associated with recruitment were analyzed. The threshold force of recruitment
      (measured as the total muscle force at firing onset) decreased with increasing
      rate of rise of isometric tension. This was consistently found for all units.
      Differences between low and high threshold units indicating a preferential tonic
      or phasic mode of activation were not observed. The contractile events associated
      with recruitment were analyzed analoguously to the electrical events. For this
      purpose, muscle force was measured at the time of the first twitch as it was
      measured at the time of the first spike. This separate measurement of the
      electrical and mechanical recruitment of a unit is necessary, because during a
      change of muscle force, force is different at firing onset and during the
      subsequent twitch contraction. Muscle tension at the time of the peak of the
      first twitch contraction was calculated from measurements of the twitch
      concentration time of the single motor units. In contrast to firing onset, the
      peak of the first twitch of a motor unit occurs at approximately the same muscle
      tension no matter how fast the contraction is performed. This is the consequence
      of the result that the average decrease of the threshold force of recruitment at
      successively faster contraction has the same value as the corresponding increase
      of total muscle force during the mean contraction time of the motor units. On the
      basis of this precise matching between these two changes, the mechanical
      recruitment of motor units occurs at approximately the same force level
      irrespective of the rate of rise of tension.

PMID- 176625
TI  - [Letter: Treatment of intestinal amebiasis by metronidazole enemas].

PMID- 176626
TI  - [Letter: Accidents in lipiodol hepatography].

PMID- 176627
TI  - [Ollier's disease with multiple involvement of the cranial nerves in a chondroma
      of the skull base].

PMID- 176628
TI  - [Letter: Quadruple paraneoplastic endocrine syndrome in primary bronchial
      cancer].

PMID- 176629
TI  - [Leucaemoid reaction due to cytomegalovirus infection in a new born infant
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A newborn infant with low birth weight, jaundice, petechiae of the skin and
      enlargement of spleen and liver is presented. His general condition was severe
      and progressive aggravation of it was noticed. Bilirubin levels was up to 44
      mg/100 ml, most of it indirect and severe anaemia was present. Furthermore
      leucaemoid reaction of the white cells was developed. Inclusion bodies in the
      urine and increased title of complement fixation antibodies in the peripheral
      blood were detected. The diagnosis of cytomegalovirus disease was established.
      The patient, when he was forty days old, seemed to be fairly well, but mental 
      retardation was noticed, which persisted at the fifth month of his age.

PMID- 176632
TI  - Post-mastectomy survey.

PMID- 176630
TI  - The sensitivity of RNA polymerases I and II from Novikoff hepatoma (N1S1) cells
      to 3'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AB  - The synthesis of ribosomal precursor RNA in Novikoff hepatoma (N1S1) cells is
      very sensitive to cordycepin (3'-dA). The synthesis of hnRNA, however, is
      resistant to inhibition concentrations of 3'-dA that completely block the
      synthesis of 45S ribosomal RNA precursor. We have examined the RNA polymerases
      present in these cultured cells with regard to their sensitivity to cordycepin 5'
      triphosphate (3'-dATP) in an effort to explain the differential inhibition of RNA
      synthesis observed in vivo. RNA polymerases I and II were characterized on the
      basis of their chromatographic behavior on DEAE-Sephadex, as well as the response
      of their enzymatic activities to ionic strength, the divalent metal ions Mn2+ and
      Mg2+, and the toxin alpha-amanitin. For both enzymes the inhibition of in vitro
      RNA synthesis by 3'-dATP was competitive for ATP. The km values for ATP and the
      K1 values for 3'-dATP for the two enzymes were quite similar. RNA polymerase II,
      the enzyme presumed responsible for hnRNA synthesis, was actually slightly more
      sensitive to 3'-dATP than RNA polymerase I, the enzyme presumed responsible for
      ribosomal precursor RNA synthesis. Similar data were obtained when the RNA
      polymerases were assayed in isolated nuclei. These results indicate that the
      differential inhibition of RNA synthesis caused by 3'-dA in vivo cannot be simply
      explained by differential sensitivity of RNA polymerases I and II to 3'-dATP.

PMID- 176631
TI  - A sedimentation study of the interaction of superhelical SV40 DNA with H1
      histone.
AB  - By moving boundary sedimentation it is shown that the interaction of H1 histone
      with superhelical circular SV40 DNA results in the formation of giant
      heterogeneous aggregates. The size of these aggregates grows with increasing H1
      concentration. s20,w values of some 10 000 S were measured. As compared with open
      relaxed circular DNA a preferential interaction of superhelical DNA with H1
      histone is observed, irrespective of the sign of the superhelical turns which was
      reversed by the addition to DNA of ethidium bromide. The addition to the H1
      complexed aggregates of ethidium bromide effects a progressive breakdown of the
      aggregates. Furthermore, the superhelicity of DNA is not changed by the addition
      of small amounts of H1 histone.

PMID- 176633
TI  - Coal dust: sources of pneumoconiosis and lung cancer.

PMID- 176634
TI  - [Insulinemia in patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia].

PMID- 176635
TI  - [Heart scintigraphy by means of stannous pyrophosphate labelled with technetium
      99m in the diagnosis of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 176636
TI  - [Present-day therapeutic possibilities in cases of hypoglycemia-producing
      insulinomas].

PMID- 176637
TI  - [Isoenzymes in neoplasms].

PMID- 176638
TI  - Inheritance of endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia type IIB or IV.

PMID- 176639
TI  - Cholestyramine, clofibrate and nicotinic acid as single or combined treatment of
      type IIa and IIb hyperlipoproteinaemia.

PMID- 176640
TI  - Neonatal diagnosis of Fredrickson type II hyperlipoproteinaemia.

PMID- 176642
TI  - The function of sleep.

PMID- 176641
TI  - Effects of fenfluramine and related compounds on the synthesis of glycerolipids
      by rat liver.

PMID- 176644
TI  - [Synovial sarcoma of the oral cavity (foramen caecum) Report of a case and review
      of the literature].
AB  - The twelft case of synovial sarcoma of the neck originated in the base of the
      tongue at the foramen caecum is reported. The patient, a 21 year old man
      developed a 7 cm. tumor after a 5 month period. A radical neck disection revealed
      metastases to lymph nodes, to spinal chain and residual tumor infiltrating the
      parotid gland. The subsequent X-ray studies showed metastases to lung. The
      patient is well 1 year after surgery. The pathogenesis of synovial sarcomas in
      regions so distant from normal synovial elements as the neck and other sites is
      not clear. In the present case and in those reported previously it is probable
      that the arise from synovial cell lining tendon sheaths or adventitious bursae in
      the neck.

PMID- 176643
TI  - The neurophysiological aspects of sleep.

PMID- 176645
TI  - [Magic in the therapy of the mental patient].

PMID- 176646
TI  - [Peptide hormone reception by a cell and adenylate cyclase activation].

PMID- 176647
TI  - [Serum glucose-6-phosphatase activity in thyrotoxicosis patients both fasting and
      following a sugar load].
AB  - A study was made of the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in the blood serum of
      patients with thyrotoxicosis and in healthy persons and of its change after
      glucose loading. The activity of the enzyme on fasting stomach proved to be
      increased in the patients with throtoxicosis. The activity of the enzyme remained
      unchanged in these persons after glucose loading both during the hyperglycemic
      and the hypoglycemic phases of the glycemic curve; it remained high till the end
      of the observation period. In healthy persons, during the hypoglycemic phase of
      the glycemic curve, the activity of the enzyme was doubled, and at the height of
      hyperglycemia, after glucose loading- it was no different from the initial value.
      It is supposed that a high activity of the enzyme in the patients with
      thyrotoxicosis was associated with reduction in glycogen content in the tissues,
      along with activation of the glycogenolysis and gluconeongenesis processes.

PMID- 176649
TI  - [The ultrastructure of pancreatic beta cells in dithizone diabetes and its
      prevention by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate].
AB  - Administration of a nondiabetogenic complex-former-sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
      (SDEDTC) to rabbits prevented the appearance in beta-cells of the insular
      apparatus of histological and ultramicroscopic changes with the subsequent
      administration of a potent diabetogenic agent-ditisone. SDEDTC blocked the
      insular zinc and prevented ditisone from forming in the islets a complex with
      this metal producing a destructive action of beta-cells.

PMID- 176648
TI  - [The relationship between the level of hypophyseal adrenocorticotropic activity
      and the character of the tissue distribution of exogenously labeled ACTH].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on rats--intact, adrenalectomized and dexamethasone
      treated; a study was made of the dynamics of incorporation into the kidneys,
      liver, adrenal glands, the thyroid gland and elmination from the blood plasma of
      iodated corticotropine of the hypophysis (Hum-ACTHid-28, Richter). It was
      revealed that the character of incorporation and elimination of the exogenous
      labeled ACTH depended on the state of the adrenocorticotropic activity of the
      hypophysis of the recipient rats. The period of semielimination of the iodated
      corticotropin of the hypophysis from the blood plasma of intact rats constituted
      11.2 minutes. The hormone was not included into the parenchyma of the adrenal
      cortex. The rate of excretion through the kidney and catabolism in the liver of
      labeled ACTH increased with elevation of the level of endogenous ACTH in the
      blood. The period of semiexcretion of ACTH-I131 from the blood plasma of
      adrenalectomized animals constuted 6.4 min. With decrease of the level of
      endogenous ACTH in the blood due to the block of the hypophyseal secretion with
      decamethasone elimination of exogenous labeled hormone from the circulation was
      markedly retarded T1/2 = 17 min). Under these conditions ACTH-I131 was
      incorporated into the tissue of the adrenal cortex for 9 min. A conclusions was
      drawn that the period of semielimination of the exogenous iodated ACTH could be
      used as a criterion for the assessment of the adrenocorticotropic activity of the
      hypophysis of the animals-recipients.

PMID- 176650
TI  - [The effect of experimental thyrotoxicosis on the state of the hypothalamo
      hypophyseo-adrenal system in rats].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on male albino rats (298); a study was made of the
      effect of experimental thyrotoxicosis of various severity on the state of the
      hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system. It was found that the hypothalamo
      hypophyseal-adrenal system responded differently to the excess of thyroid
      hormone, depending on the strength and duration of action. Mild thyrotoxicosis
      was accompanied by its activation expressed in increased CRF of the hypothalamic
      extracts, a reduction of the ACTH in the hypophysis and a fall of ascorbic acid
      content in the adrenal glands. Severe and prolonged thyrotoxicosis was
      accompanied by a depression of the hypothalamo-hypophysio-adrenal system
      function. It was concluded that the action of thyroid hormones on the CRF
      secretion served as the leading mechanism of the mentioned reactions.

PMID- 176651
TI  - [The effect of multiple injections of ACTH (alone and combined with sodium
      ribonucleinate) on incorporation of P32-orthophosphate into the mitochondrial RNA
      of the liver, spleen and heart of white rats].

PMID- 176652
TI  - [The functional activity of rat fetus adrenal cortex in monolayer tissue
      culture].
AB  - A study was made of the functional activity of the adrenal cortex in 15 1/2-, 18
      1/2-, and 21 1/2-day rat fetuses and neonates. Adrenal tissue was incubated after
      its preliminary trypsinization at 37 degrees C for over 2 weeks with and without
      ACTH addition into the culture medium, in the amount of 0.1 U/ml. The
      corticosterone level was determined in the culture medium fluorimetrically. The
      activity of 3 beta-oxysteroid dehydrogenase was determined histochemically.
      Corticosterone was revealed in the culture medium. The activity of 3 beta
      oxysteroid dehydrogenase was found in the cells of the cultivated adrenal glands.
      Addition of ACTH into the culture medium considerably increased the
      corticosterone level and elevated the activity of 3 beta-oxysteroid
      dehydrogenase. It can be considered on the basis of the aforesaid that cells of
      the primary culture of the adrenal cortex of rat fetuses aged 15 1/2-, 18 1/2-,
      and 21 1/2-days and of neonates could form, in the process of incubation,
      corticosterone from the endogenous substrates in the course of 11, 16, 8 and 13
      cultivation days, respectively. The presence of ACTH in the culture medium for
      the adrenal glands of rat fetuses (of all the gestation periods under study) and
      of neonates intensified the steroidogenesis.

PMID- 176653
TI  - [Glucagon functions and correlation with insulin].

PMID- 176655
TI  - [Influence of blood donation on the level of cyclic adenosine-3,5-monophosphate
      and some indices of carbohydrate metabolism].

PMID- 176654
TI  - [Effect of cyclic AMP on the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic
      cells (literature survey)].

PMID- 176656
TI  - Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities:
      systematics of response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
AB  - The change of tumor volumes (efficiency) with local tumor radiation doses from
      375R to 3750R and 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) from 50 to 250 mg/kg was assessed in
      rats bearing hepatoma 3924A. The data were analyzed utilizing a chi2 technique
      which fits the logarithmic volume response to polynomials. This provided greater
      flexibility in selecting different mathematical forms, and allows more accurate
      description of tumor changes after treatment than the least squares analysis
      previously used. Quantitative information can be obtained on one tumor following
      treatment by this method. This information is more analogous to the management of
      a patient with a solid tumor. The results show a continuous increase in
      efficiency of radiation throughout the radiation dose range from 375R to 3750R.
      The efficiency of 5-FUra increased slightly but did not continue to increase with
      doses of 5-FUra higher than 150 mg/kg. This suggests that factors such as
      toxicity to the host may prevent further increases of the effectiveness of 5
      FUra. The time of minimum tumor volume change after radiation was approximately 6
      days and for 5-FUra, 6 days. The time for maximum tumor volume change for 5-FUra
      was 12 days. There was a slight trend upward for maximum growth for increasing
      radiation doses from 18 to 22 days. The time of occurrence of both minimum and
      maximum tumor volume change after treatment showed little relationship to
      increasing doses of radiation and 5-FUra. Parallel studies have shown that the
      maximum rate of tumor volume change occurs shortly after the recovery of the host
      from the effect of 5-FUra. It is feasible, therefore, to use chemotherapy alone
      or in combination with radiotherapy, and optimize the scheduling of these
      treatment modalities with recovery of the host from previous therapy.

PMID- 176657
TI  - Thyrotropin-ganglioside interactions and their relationship to the structure and
      function of thyrotropin receptors.
AB  - Gangliosides inhibit 125I-labeled thyrotropin binding to the thyrotropin
      receptors on bovine thyroid plasma membranes, on guinea pig retro-orbital tissue
      plasma membranes, and on human adipocyte membranes. This inhibition by
      gangliosides is critically altered by the number and location of the sialic acid
      residues within the ganglioside structure, the efficacy of inhibition having the
      following order: GD1b greater than GT1 greater than GM1 greater than GM2 = GM3
      greater than GD1a. The inhibition results from the interaction of thyrotropin and
      gangliosides, rather than the interaction of membrane and gangliosides.
      Fluorescence studies show that the inhibition is associated with a distinct
      conformational change of the thyrotropin molecule and that the progression from a
      "noninhibitory conformation" to an "inhibitory conformation" parallels exactly
      the order of effectiveness in inhibiting 125I-labeled thyrotropin binding. The
      ganglioside inhibition of 125I-labeled thyrotropin binding appears to be
      hormonally specific in that it is not affected by albumin, glucagon, insulin,
      prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, or corticotropin. The
      possibility that a ganglioside or ganglioside-like structure is a component of
      the thyrotropin receptor is suggested by the finding that gangliosides more
      complex than N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide are present in bovine
      thyroid membranes in much higher quantities than have been previously found in
      extraneural tissue. The finding that the B component of cholera toxin, which also
      interacts with gangliosides, has a peptide sequence in common with the beta
      subunit of thyrotropin, suggests that thyrotropin and cholera toxin may be
      analogous in their mode of action on the membrane.

PMID- 176658
TI  - Sex differences in binding of human growth hormone to isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Since liver is a target for growth hormone action, binding of 125I-labeled human
      growth hormone to enzymatically isolated rat hepatocytes was studied. Specific
      binding was shown with hepatocytes from both male and female animals. There was a
      single class of receptors for human growth hormone on cells from males (affinity
      constant, Ka = 1.16 x 10(9) liters/mole; sites per cell, q = 6200). In males,
      bovine growth hormone was almost as potent as human growth hormone in displacing
      bound 125I-labeled human growth hormone, while ovine prolactin was about 1000
      times less potent. Cells from female rats bound more 125I-labeled human growth
      hormone than cells from males. The cells from females contained at least two
      classes of receptors for human growth hormone. The receptor of highest affinity
      had the same affinity for human growth hormone as the single receptor found in
      males (Ka = 0.96 x 10(9) liters/mole). However, there were three to four times as
      many of these receptors per cell in females (q = 21,000). In females, bovine
      growth hormone and ovine prolactin were both about 20 times less potent than
      human growth hormone. Treatment of male rats with estrone produced cells that
      show the same binding characteristics as females. These results indicate that
      human growth hormone binds to a somatogenic receptor in hepatocytes from male
      rats. In females and estrogen-treated males, the receptors that bind human growth
      hormone recognize lactogenic as well as somatogenic properties. This suggests
      that the lactogenic and growth-promoting effects of human growth hormone in the
      rat are mediated by different receptors.

PMID- 176659
TI  - Secretion of macrophage neutral proteinase is enhanced by colchicine.
AB  - We have studied the effect of colchicine and related compounds on secretion of
      enzymes by thioglycollated-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture.
      Colchicine stimulated secretion of inducible neutral proteinase activities of
      elastase (EC 3.4.21.11), collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3), gelatinase (pepsin B; EC
      3.4.23.2), and azocaseinase 2- to 6-fold for a period of several days, but
      inhibited the production and release of lysozyme (mucopeptide N
      acetylmuramoylhydrolase; EC 3.2.1.17), a noninducible macrophage secretory
      product. Parallel changes were observed in cell morphology and secretion after
      treatment with colchicine, Colcemid, and vinblastine, but not with
      lumicolchicine, and these effects could be gradually reversed by withdrawal of
      colchicine. Cytochalasin B also stimulated secretion of elastase 2- to 3-fold but
      did not influence release of lysozyme. These results demonstrate that tubulin
      binding drugs may have opposite effects in macrophages than those usually
      reported for other experimental systems and also provide evidence for the
      nonparallel discharge of different macrophage secretion products.

PMID- 176660
TI  - Androgen insensitivity in man: evidence for genetic heterogeneity.
AB  - We have studied ten phenotypically similar patients with complete androgen
      insensitivity. All of the patients tested had significantly elevated serum
      luteinizing hormone and plasma androgens within or above the normal adult male
      range. On the basis of specific dihydrotestosterone binding by skin fibroblasts,
      we identified two subgroups. Six patients from five different families had
      undetectable dihydrotestosterone binding, while four patients from two families
      had normal binding activity. Our results indicate that within the clinical
      syndrome of androgen insensitivity there are at least two distinct genetic
      variants. These variants may result from allelic mutations of the same X-linked
      gene specifying the dihydrotestosterone receptor or, alternatively, from
      mutations of separate genes both being essential for androgen action in
      responsive cells.

PMID- 176661
TI  - Assignment of the AK1:Np:ABO linkage group to human chromosome 9.
AB  - In man-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids the segregation patterns of the loci
      for 25 human enzyme markers and human chromosomes were studied. The results
      provide evidence for the localization of the gene for adenylate kinase-1 (AK1) on
      chromosome 9. Since the loci for the ABO blood group (ABO), nail-patella syndrome
      (Np), and AK1 are known to be linked in man, the ABO:Np:AK1 linkage group may be
      assigned to chromosome 9.

PMID- 176662
TI  - Genetic variation in serum low density lipoproteins and lipid levels in man.
AB  - Combined data from 10 different populations indicate that the serum cholesterol
      and triglyceride levels are higher in Ag(x-) than in Ag(x+) individuals. Although
      the differences were relatively small, they became more pronounced with
      increasing age. The Ag(x) antigen, which is associated with the serum low density
      lipoprotein, is genetically controlled and the present study therefore has
      revealed a small but significant effect of a single autosomal locus on lipids
      implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. No explanation of the higher
      cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Ag(x-) than in Ag(x+) persons is apparent.

PMID- 176663
TI  - Production of collagenase and prostaglandins by isolated adherent rheumatoid
      synovial cells.
AB  - We have studied cells dispersed with proteolytic enzymes from rheumatoid
      arthritic synovectomy specimens to determine the cell type(s) responsible for
      joint destruction. Initially 10-50% of these cells adhered to culture dishes
      within 24 hr and were of two main types: small, round cells and larger, stellate
      cells. During 1-4 days of culture, 5-25% had Fc receptors and 25-50% showed brisk
      phagocytosis. Daily producition, per 10(6) cells of collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3)
      (after trypsin pretreatment) was up to 70 mug of collagen fibrils lysed per min
      at 37 degrees (70 units), of prostaglandin (PGE2), up to about 1200 ng, and of
      lysozyme, up to about 100 mug. Under identical conditions of assay, fibroblasts
      grown from explants of synovium produced no detectable collagenase or lysozyme,
      and PGE2 was only 2-4 ng. With the dispersed cell preparations, macrophage
      markers (Fc receptors and lysozyme) were undetectable after 4 days and PGE2
      decreased rapidly after about 7 more days. However, collagenase production
      continued for 3-25 weeks, and in some cultures, after cell passage. At these
      later stages, large, slow-growing stellate cells were predominant and could
      phagocytose carbon particles if incubated for greater than 6-8 hr. Indomethacin
      (14 muM) inhibited PGE2 but stimulated collagenase production whereas
      dexamethasone (10 nM) inhibited both. Production of PGE2 and collagenase in large
      amounts in vitro by these cells suggests that they may be involved in joint
      destruction in vivo. The precise origin of these synovial cells and the
      mechanisms responsible for the sustained production of collagenase at a high rate
      remain unidentified.

PMID- 176664
TI  - Superinfection epithelial nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - Attempts were made to superinfect epithelial explant cell cultures prepared from
      nasopharyngeal carcinomas with Epstein-Barr virus. Virus-specific markers were
      observed in such cultures 3 days after superinfection. In addition, expression of
      Epstein-Barr virus early antigens was observed in epithelial cell explant
      cultures treated with iododeoxyuridine. The results suggest that epithelial cells
      of at least certain nasopharyngeal carcinomas possess the receptor for the
      Epstein-Barr virus and that the latent virus genome can be induced from
      epithelial cells prepared from such tumors.

PMID- 176665
TI  - Is insulin's second messenger calcium?

PMID- 176666
TI  - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, seven years after excision of pancreatic tumour
      containing gastrin.

PMID- 176667
TI  - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

PMID- 176668
TI  - Bidirectional regulation of lysosomal enzyme secretion and phagocytosis in human
      neutrophils by guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.
AB  - The biologic roles of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the secretion of lysosomal enzymes from, and
      in phagocytosis by, human neurtrophils were studied. Contact between neurophils
      and particulate immunologic reactants results in both phagocytosis of the
      particles and secretion of lysosomal enzymes. These cellular events are
      accompanied by the accumulation of cyclic GMP and require the presence of
      extracellular caclium. Acetylcholine, pilocarpine, and cyclic GMP enhance,
      whereas epinephrine, cyclic AMP, and/or dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibit, both
      phagocytosis and lysosomal enzyme secretion. The stimulatory action of
      cholinergic agents and the inhibitory action of epinephrine are accompanied by
      the accumulation of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP, respectively, in human
      neutrophils. The data suggest that cyclic GMP mediates whereas cyclic AMP
      inhibits the major functions of human neutrophils. Moreover, by virtue of their
      effects of cyclic nucleotide accumulation, autonomic neurohormones are capable of
      modulating human neutrophil function.

PMID- 176669
TI  - Differences in simultaneous cylic adenosine monophosphate concentrations of
      various rat tissue after heroin administration.
AB  - Opiate administration has profound effects on neurotransmitter metabolism and
      neuroendocrine functions. Since cAMP is an intracellular metabolite common to the
      actions of many of the involved compounds stimulating distinct and specific
      membrane receptors, cAMP concentrations representative of in vivo conditions in
      heroin-treated and control animals were determined. Rats were sacrificed by
      immersion in liquid nitrogen 30 min after heroin injection. Tissue samples,
      dissected without thawing, were assayed by radioimmunoassay to determine cAMP/mg
      of protein. Comparisons between treated animals and sham-injected controls
      revealed significant cAMP concentration increases in hypothalamus, cerebral
      cortex, cerebellum, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, and liver (P less than
      0.0005). Cyclic AMP concentrations in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and fat
      were not significantly different from controls. The increased tissue cAMP
      concentrations associated with the altered physiology of heroin administration
      apparently represent a pattern of integrated responses to the combination of
      opiate receptor binding and effects on neurotransmitter metabolism and
      circulating hormones.

PMID- 176670
TI  - Streptozotocin treatment of streptozotocin-induced islet cell adenomas in rats.
AB  - Hypoglycemic rats bearing insulin-secreting islet-cell adenomas produced by the
      combined action of streptozotocin and nicotinamide were treated with
      streptozotocin. Antitumor response was demonstrated by elevation of blood
      glucose, reduction in plasma and tumor IRI, and histopathologic changes in the
      beta-cell neoplasm. The rodent tumor model may serve as a predictive system for
      selection and investigation of mechanisms of action of future antitumor agents to
      be used in the treatment of malignant insulinoma in man.

PMID- 176671
TI  - [The action mechanism of trapidil (Rocornal)].

PMID- 176672
TI  - Summer day camp for multihandicapped children.
AB  - A six-week enriched sensorimotor, communication, and recreational summer day camp
      for twenty multihandicapped preschool children is described. The program, planned
      and supervised by therapists and mental  retardation counselors, provided
      training for students who worked as camp counselors. Each counselor was assigned
      to work with one child and family and was responsible for assessing, establishing
      goals, designing appropriate programs, attending the child throughout the day,
      and relating to the family. The camp provided a trial for use of the Functional
      Skills Profile (FSP), an assessment battery designed by physical and occupational
      therapists to measure performance changes in low functioning, developmentally
      handicapped persons in order to determine the value of therapy programs. The camp
      is evaluated in terms of improvement in the children, the effectiveness of the
      student training, and parent satisfaction.

PMID- 176673
TI  - REM sleep predicts subsequent food intake.
AB  - REM sleep time in a 12 hr period was found to predict accurately food intake in
      the subsequent 12 hr period in undisturbed cats fed ad lib. In all but one of the
      cats, the correlation between REM sleep and subsequent food intake was negative.
      REM sleep was a better predictor of food intake than either waking, slow wave
      sleep or previous food intake. Cats were then fed only during the 12 hr day
      period. It was found that REM sleep at night, during which no food was available,
      no longer predicted food intake.

PMID- 176674
TI  - Enhancement of attention in man with ACTH/MSH 4-10.
AB  - Normal men were infused for 4 hr with ACTH/MSH 4-10 or a control solution.
      Behavioral testing after the infusion indicated that subjects who received
      ACTH/MSH 4-10 were less anxious and had better visual memory than control
      subjects but the predominant effect of the heptapeptide was to increase visual
      attention. It was speculated that ACTH/MSH 4-10 may be uniquely coded for
      attentional functioning.

PMID- 176675
TI  - Daytime visual load and the effects upon human sleep.

PMID- 176676
TI  - The use of time lapse video recording of sleep-wake behavior in human infants.

PMID- 176677
TI  - Induction of neurasthenic musculoskeletal pain syndrome by selective sleep stage
      deprivation.
AB  - Two groups of young, healthy, nonathletic volunteers were subjected to selective
      sleep stage deprivation. Six subjects were deprived of stage 4 sleep and seven
      subjects of REM sleep. The stage 4 deprived group reported more musculoskeletal
      symptoms during the deprivation condition than did the REM deprived group. The
      stage 4 deprived group also showed a significant increase in muscle tenderness
      between the baseline and deprivation conditions and an altered pattern of
      overnight change in muscle tenderness in response to deprivation. The REM
      deprived group did not show either of these changes. These results are discussed
      in the light of the previously postulated relationship between NREM sleep
      disturbance and muscoloskeletal pain in patients with so-called "Fibrositis
      syndrome."

PMID- 176680
TI  - The radiation chemistry of aqueous solutions of hydrogen cyanide in the megarad
      dose range.

PMID- 176679
TI  - ESR of x-irradiated single crystals of 3'-cytidylic acid: hydrogen abstraction
      from C5' of the sugar moiety.

PMID- 176678
TI  - Letter: Effects of metal ions on the formation of radicals and chain breaks in
      ultraviolet-radiated polyadenylic acid and collagen.

PMID- 176681
TI  - [Effect of whole-body x-irradiation on phosphoribosylpyrophosphate enzyme systems
      in rabbit bone marrow cells].

PMID- 176682
TI  - [Differences in the accumulation of cystamine in bone marrow cells determined by
      the nature of the salt-forming anions].

PMID- 176683
TI  - [Effect of prior administration of cystamine on enzymes of carbohydrate
      metabolism in erythrocytes during radiation sickness].

PMID- 176684
TI  - [Malignant synovialoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Based upon 351 cases of malignant synovialoma from the literature and 12 own
      observations clinical and roentgenographic findings, differential diagnosis,
      therapy, and prognosis are discussed. Because of early recurrencies and
      metastases early diagnosis is most important for therapeutic results. By means of
      radical surgery and subsequent intensive irradiation of the previous tumor site
      and the draining lymphatics a 5-years survival rate of 30-50% can be achieved.

PMID- 176685
TI  - Bronchogenic carcinoma following postmastectomy irradiation.

PMID- 176687
TI  - Epidemiology of pertussis.

PMID- 176686
TI  - Hepatomography: an experimental technique using an emulsifier.
AB  - Hepatomography was performed by injecting emulsified Ethiodol into the hepatic
      artery of 9 beagles. The hepatogram was dense and remained long enough for
      diagnostic tomography. Contrast material was eliminated in part through the
      kidneys and disappeared from the liver within 24 hours after injection. The dogs
      were sacrificed 36 hours to 4 months after contrast injection. Longlasting ill
      effects were observed in only one dog which died of hepatitis. The death of this
      prompted the use of a more dilute emulsion which was beeter tolerated by all
      subsequent animals.

PMID- 176689
TI  - Prostaglandin biosynthesis and stimulation of cyclic AMP in primary monolayer
      cultures of epithelial cells from mouse mammary gland.
AB  - Cyclic AMP levels in primary monolayer cultures of epithelial cells prepared from
      mid-pregnant mice are stimulated by prostaglandin E1 and E2. Prostaglandin
      F1alpha and F2alpha have only a slight effect upon cyclic AMP levels. In the
      absence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors the rise in cyclic AMP produced by PGE1
      is only transient and the levels return to normal within 30 minutes. High
      concentrations (16 mM) of theophylline are needed to prevent this decline,
      suggesting that the phosphodiesterase activity of epithelial cells in culture is
      high. However, theophylline alone produced only a small increase in basal cyclic
      AMP levels even over a 2-hour period indicating that basal cyclic AMP is turned
      over more slowly than cyclic AMP produced in response to stimulation with PGE1.
      Both PGE and PGF synthesis were  monitored using radioimmunoassay procedures
      previously reported. The observed levels were found to decrease as cell density
      increased and were sensitive to the addition of agents such as collagen and
      naproxen.

PMID- 176688
TI  - Aspirin as a quantitative acetylating reagent for the fatty acid oxygenase that
      forms prostaglandins.
AB  - A selective acetylation of the prostaglandin-forming fatty acid oxygenase (part
      of the prostaglandin "synthetase" system) occurs with 100 muM concentrations of
      aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). The amount of acetylation, measured by counting
      the [3H]acetyl-protein formed, was proportional to the amount of active,
      functional oxygenase in a sample. When samples were aged to allow spontaneous
      inactivation of the oxygenase, the amount of acetylation was proportional to the
      remaining measurable activity rather than the initial amount of oxygenase protein
      in the sample. Diethyl dithiocarbamate inhibited the oxygenase activity, but did
      not interfere with the subsequent acetylation by aspirin. Indomethacin, on the
      other hand, appeared to inactivate the oxygenase in a manner that interfered only
      partially with the action of aspirin as an acetylating reagent. The amount of
      acetylation appeared to be dependent upon the amount of native, undenatured
      enzyme. The results suggest that the acetylation may be dependent upon an
      essential functional group or conformation of groups in the catalytic peptide
      chain(s) that can be destroyed during spontaneous inactivation of the oxygenase,
      and altered by indomethacin.

PMID- 176690
TI  - [Melanotic progonoma, malignant or benign tumor?].

PMID- 176691
TI  - Heart sarcolemma as a dynamic excitable membrane.
AB  - Sarcolemma consists of plasma and basement membranes and constitutes the real
      permeability barrier to the heart cell. It is considered to provide high
      electrical resistance and capacitance to heart cell and its properties are
      essentially similar to those of the other excitable membranes. Methods are now
      available for isolating heart sarcolemma with high specific activities of
      adenylate cyclase, (Na(+)-K(+) ATPase, Ca(++) ATPase, and Mg(++) APTase. These
      enzymes are considered to play an important role in heart function by regulating
      ion movements across sarcolemma as well as by providing signals for various
      metabolic processes. Sarcolemma possesses different hormone and drug receptors
      and any alteration in its composition could result in abnormal responses of the
      myocardium. We believe that heart failure is associated with sarcolemmal defects
      which can be detected by monitoring the activities of different membrane-bound
      enzymes and other related processes.

PMID- 176692
TI  - Biochemical properties of cardiac sarcolemma: adenylate cyclase and (Na++K+)
      activated ATPase.
AB  - Morphologically intact plasma membranes from guinea pig ventricles were obtained
      by exposing isolated cell segments to osmotic shock, followed by extraction of
      actomyosin in 1 M KC1. These preparations contained approximately 1/6 of the
      protein and 5-10 percent of the mitochondrial markers present in the original
      cell preparation. Both adenylate cyclase and (Na++K+)-activated ATPase activities
      were enriched 3-4 fold. The receptor for epinephrine stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase was retained. The "basal" ATPase activity of 5-6 mumoles of Pi/mg/hr,
      measured in 120 mM NaC1 or KC1, was approximately doubled in 100 mM NaC1+20 mM
      KC1. This increment, the (Na++K+)-activated ATPase, was abolished by 10(-5) M
      ouabain, the Ki for ouabain being approximately 3x10(-7) M. Adenylate cyclase,
      which had a basal activity of approximately 0.33 nmole of cyclic AMP
      produced/min/mg of protein, was significantly stimulated by both l-epinephrine
      and NaF. Half-maximal stimulation was seen at approximately 5x10(-6) M l
      epinephrine. Increasing Ca2+ in the range between 10(-7) and 10(-3) M inhibited
      basal, l-epinephrine-, and NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities. Basal
      rates of cyclic AMP production were more sensitive to Ca2+ than was l-epinephrine
      stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, so that l-epinephrine stimulation was
      increased from approximately 60 percent in 0.5 mM ethylene glycol bis (beta
      aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid to approximately 150 percent in 10(-7)M
      Ca2+ and 400 percent in 10(-5) M Ca2+. The inhibitory effect of Ca2+ on adenylate
      cyclase activity may represent a negative feedback mechanism by which eelevation
      of intracellular Ca2+ concentration lowers cellular levels of cyclic AMP and thus
      reduces Ca2+ influx into the myocardium.

PMID- 176693
TI  - Adenylate cyclase and catecholamine binding in plasma membrane-enriched
      preparations of cardiac and skeletal muscle.
AB  - Binding of [3H] epinephrine to plasma membrane-enriched fractions from guinea pig
      heart and rabbit skeletal muscle was investigated using the micropore filtration
      technique. [3H] Epinephrine and [3H] norepinephrine were found to be degraded
      rapidly in aqueous buffer at pH 7.6 and 37 degrees C. Deterioration of the
      compounds could be prevented by low concentrations of dithiothreitol. Binding of
      [3H] epinephrine to both membrane preparations was a slow process requiring 60
      min to approach equilibrium in the case of cardiac membranes at 37 degrees C, and
      20 min for skeletal muscle membranes at 0 degrees C. Binding was antagonized by
      the unlabeled beta agonists, isopropylnorepinephrine, epinephrine, and nor
      epinephrine; each was equipotent, in contrast to their different potency is
      eliciting beta-adrenergic responses and in stimulating adenylate cyclase. A
      variety of catechol compounds were as effective as antagonists of binding as the
      catecholamines. Methylation of one ring hydroxyl abolished inhibitory activity.
      The beta-adrenergic antagonists, propranolol, pronethalol, and
      dichlorisoproterenol, were not effective in inhibiting binding to either membrane
      preparation. D-Norepinephrine and L-norepinephrine were equieffective in
      antagonizing binding of [3H] norepinephrine to skeletal muscle membranes,
      suggesting that binding was not stereospecific. These and other data led to the
      conclusion that binding of labeled catecholamine to isolated tissue membranes
      using the micropore filtration technique probably does not reflect interaction
      with the specific beta-adrenergic recptor, but more likely reflects a less
      specific binding of compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups on a ring.

PMID- 176694
TI  - Adenylate cyclase, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, and norepinephrine
      binding in rat heart membranes.
AB  - The method of Kidwai et al. (1971. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 45:901) offers
      a rapid and simple technique for the preparation of membrane fractions from rat
      heart, using sucrose density centrifugation of a 100,000x g pellet. We have
      investigated the distribution of adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase,
      and norepinephrine binding activity in these fractions. Specific activity of
      adenylate cyclase was high in the plasma membrane (PM) and sarcoplasmic
      reticulum, as well as the nuclear (N) fractions, but 80-90 percent of the total
      activity was found in the N fraction. Epinephrine stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase was present in all fractions but did not exceed 25 percent of basal
      activity. The activity in the mitochondrial fraction was low and insensitive to
      epinephrine. About 10 percent of phosphodiesterase activity was found in the
      100,000 x g pellet. After density gradient centrifugation, 70 percent of this
      portion was recovered in the N fraction, with the highest specific activity
      present in the PM fraction. Binding of [3H] norepinephrine was measured by a
      membrane filtration technique. Binding activity was found in all fractions, and
      it paralleled roughly the distribution of adenylate cyclase. However, only about
      25-30 percent of the binding was blocked by propranolol, except in the PM
      fraction where binding was not prevented by this drug. Further, a comparison of
      adenylate cyclase activities with norepinephrine binding yields a turnover number
      for the enzyme of the order of 10(-2) sec-1, assuming a 1:1 relationship between
      beta-adrenergic recptor and adenylate cyclase. Since this value seems
      unrealistic, we suspect that either the binding activity measured is unrelated to
      the beta-adrenergic receptor or the receptor to cyclase ratio is considerably
      larger than unity.

PMID- 176695
TI  - Influence of thyroid state on the specific binding of noradrenaline to a cardiac
      particulate fraction and on catecholamine-sensitive cardiac adenylate cyclase
      activity.
AB  - Specific binding of [3H] noradrenaline, possibly to beta-adrenoreceptors, and
      adrenaline-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity were measured in particulate
      preparations from the myocardium of hypothyroid, euthyroid, and hyperthyroid
      rats. Noradrenaline affinity to the binding sites was decreased and the dose
      response curve for the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by adrenaline
      was shifted to the right in hypothyroidism. The opposite changes (an increase in
      noradrenaline affinity and a shift in the adrenaline-adenylate cyclase dose
      response curve to the left) were associated with the hyperthyroid state. These
      findings correlate well with the result of numerous studies according to which
      thyroid hormone increases and thyroid hormone deprivation decreases the
      sensitivity of the myocardium to cardiac sympathetic stimulation and circulating
      catecholamines.

PMID- 176696
TI  - Epinephrine, cyclic AMP, calcium, and myocardial contractility.
AB  - In the first part of this paper, a short review of the literature on the effects
      of catecholamines, Ca2+, and cyclic AMP on the biochemical, electrical, and
      mechanical properties of the heart is presented. It is concluded that the effects
      of epinephrine on activation of glycogenolysis and on the inotropic response of
      cardiac muscle are both mediated by the combined actions of Ca2+ and cyclic AMP.
      Since the inotropic response precedes the glycogenolytic response it is evident
      that increased energy metabolism is a consequence of increased heart work and not
      a causative factor. The available data suggest that increased tissue cyclic AMP
      levels resulting from catecholamine stimulation of adenyl cyclase activity alter
      cardiac mechanics by modulation of the basic calcium flux cycle of the heart.
      These effects may be mediated by cyclic AMP-stimulated phosphorylation of
      specific proteins located in the sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and
      myofilaments via one or more protein kinases, although experimental verfication
      of the possible relationship between protein phosphorylation and altered Ca2+
      binding properties at specific sites in the membranes is at present largely
      lacking. The increased rate of tension development induced by catecholamines
      appears to be caused by an increased rate of Ca2+ influx across the sarcolemma
      during the plateau phase of the action potential, whereas the increased rate of
      relaxation is probably attributable to an increased rate of sequestration of
      intracellular Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the second part of the
      paper, data are presented using a working rat heart preparation to illustrate the
      effect of catecholamines in facilitating Ca2+ entry across the sarcolemma.
      Decreased left ventricular pressure development induced by addition of ruthenium
      red or verapamil to inhibit Ca2+ influx was relieved in a concentration-dependent
      manner by catecholamines. Curves of percentage change of left ventricular
      pressure against external Ca2+ concentration are presented which show that
      epinephrine increased the sensitivity of the heart to Ca2+ whereas verapamil
      decreased it. A half-maximal increase of left ventricular pressure was obtained
      with 0.6 mM Ca2+ in control hearts, 0.3 mM Ca2+ with epinephrine, and 2.9 mM Ca2+
      with verapamil (10(-7)-treated hearts. Verapamil combined with epinephrine at the
      above concentrations gave a half-miximal increase of left ventricular pressure
      with 1.3 mM Ca2+. These results are discussed in relation to a model for the Ca2+
      flux in the heart.

PMID- 176697
TI  - Regulation of calcium transport in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum by cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinase.
AB  - A manyfold increase in phosphorylation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was
      seen when SR was incubated in the presence of a bovine cardiac cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinase and cyclic AMP. This phosphoprotein had stability
      characteristics of a phosphoester in which the phosphate is incorporated largely
      into serine, and its formation did not required calcium ions, unlike the
      formation of acyl phosphoprotein intermediate of calcium-transport ATPase which
      is present within the same membrane. When examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation
      occurred at a 22,000-dalton component of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. This
      22,000-dalton protein has been named "phospholamban" (lambda alpha mu beta alpha
      nu epsilon iota nu = to receive), based on its ability to receive phosphate from
      ATP. Phosphorylation of phospholamban by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase was
      associated with the stimulation of calcium transport by the cardiac sarcoplasmic
      reticulum. This stimulation was accompanied by an increase in the calcium
      activated ATPase activity, indicating that the overall rate of calcium transport
      rather than its efficiency is enhanced by protein kinase. The 22,000-dalton
      phopholamban was susceptible to trypsin. Brief digestion with trypsin in the
      presence of 1 M sucrose prevented subsequent phosphorylation of phospholamban,
      while leaving the calcium pump apparently intact. Incubation of trypsin-treated
      sarcoplasmic reticulum with cyclic AMP-depentent protein kinase did not result in
      the stimulation of calcium transport. These results may suggest that
      phospholamban is a modulator of the calcium pump of the cardiac sarcoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 176698
TI  - Increased Ca2+ binding by a cardiac cell membrane preparation after cyclic AMP
      enhanced intrinsic membrane protein phosphorylation.
AB  - Ca2+ binding to a sarcolemma-enriched membrane fraction from pig myocardium
      possessing an intrinsic cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase occurs at several
      classes of low affinity binding sites and at two high affinity binding sites with
      binding constants  of about 1.5-1.7x10(7) M-1 (0.3 nmole of Ca2+/mg protein) and
      0.9-2.9x10(6) M-1 (0.8 nmole of Ca2+/mg protein). Ca2+ binding properties are not
      affected by verapamil and ouabain, whereas ruthenium red depresses Ca2+ binding
      at the low affinity binding sites and La3+ ions strongly reduce both low and high
      affinity Ca2+ binding. A profound inhibition of the high affinity Ca2+ binding
      sites was observed in the presence of Na+ ions, half-maximal inhibition at a free
      Ca2+ concentration of 2x10(-8) M being achieved by 11 mM NaC1. High affinity Ca2+
      binding is also diminished after pretreatment of the membranes with trypsin and
      phospholipase A. Phosphorylation of one or two of the membrane proteins by the
      endogenous cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase leads at both classes of high
      affinity Ca2+ binding sites to an approximately 4-fold increase in affinity, the
      number of these sites remaining unchanged. The high affinity Ca2+ binding sites
      may possibly be involved in Ca2+ extrusion from the cell and in the relaxation
      process.

PMID- 176699
TI  - Effects of glucagon on cardiac cyclic nucleotides in the hypoxic heart.
AB  - Isolated rat hearts were perfused with a subinotropic concentration of glucagon
      during an hypoxic perfusion to determine whether glucagon would enhance recovery
      upon reoxygenation. Rat hearts were divided into two groups: 1) those perfused
      with glucose-free Tyrode's solution and 2) those perfused with Tyrode's solution
      containing glucose. During 3 min of hypoxic exposure, untreated hearts and hearts
      perfused with glucagon both demonstrated a dramatic decrease in contractile force
      regardless of whether glucose was included in the medium. However, when glucose
      was present in the perfusion medium cardiac performance was better during both
      hypoxia and the period of reoxygenation. Furthermore, during reoxygenation, the
      recovery of contractile force was significantly greater in glucagon-perfused
      hearts than in controls. Cardiac levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were
      monitored at various periods of hypoxic exposure to test the existence of a
      correlation between the concentrations of these cyclic nucleotides and cardiac
      performance. During reoxygenation of untreated hearts, the hearts perfused with
      glucose-free medium attained 45-50 percent of the contractile force seen in
      glucagon-treated hearts. This enhanced recovery in the glucagon-treated hearts
      was associated with decreases in cyclic GMP levels at the end of the hypoxic
      period. At this time, the cyclic GMP levels in the glucagon-treated hearts were
      only 25-55 percent of the levels seen in untreated hearts that were also exposed
      to hypoxia. The effect of glucagon on cyclic AMP content in untreated hearts and
      in hearts receiving glucagon was not significantly different at 3 min of hypoxia.
      These studies suggest that subinotropic concentrations of glucagon exert a
      protective effect on the hypoxic rat heart that is not related to the direct
      inotropic properties of this hormone but which may involve a modulation in
      cardiac cyclic GMP availability.

PMID- 176700
TI  - Drug-induced changes in the superficially located stores of calcium in heart
      sarcolemma.
AB  - Excitation-contraction coupling in heart muscle cells depends upon an inward
      displacement of Ca2+ from the extra- to the intracellular phase. Some of the Ca2+
      which is displaced inwards is probably derived from superficially located binding
      sites. Drugs which increase the peak tension developed during contraction, e.g.,
      catecholamines and the cardiac glycosides, may act by increasing the amount of
      Ca2+ which becomes available for participation in the events associated with
      excitation-contraction coupling. The catecholamines increase in the amount of
      Ca2+ which is displaced inward from the extracellular phase, whereas the cardiac
      glycosides apparently act by increasing the exchangeability of the Ca2+ which is
      stored at binding sites located at the plasma membrane. Other drugs, e.g.,
      verapamil, act in the reverse manner, decreasing the amount of Ca2+ which is
      available for displacement from the superficially located binding sites. These
      observations will be discussed in terms of an hypothesis that the plasma membrane
      represents an important site of drug action, and that many drugs which alter the
      contractile performance of the heart do so because of their ability to modify the
      ability of the plasma membrane to accumulate and exchange Ca2+.

PMID- 176701
TI  - [New views in medical virology].

PMID- 176702
TI  - The sleep of psychotic patients: does it all look alike?

PMID- 176703
TI  - Smooth-pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia: recent findings.

PMID- 176704
TI  - Evidence for neuroendocrine abnormalities in the major mental illnesses.

PMID- 176705
TI  - The effect of histamine, isoproterenol and tyramine on rat uterine cyclic AMP.
AB  - Isoproterenol (10(-4) M), histamine (10(-3) M) and tyramine (10(-3) M) elevated
      cyclic AMP levels in incubated rat urerine segments. Promethazine (10(-6) M) an
      H1-receptor antagonist was ineffective in blocking the increase in cyclic AMP due
      to isoproterenol, histamine and tyramine. Buriamide (10(-6) M), an H2 receptor
      antagonist, was effective in almost abolishing the cyclic AMP elevation due to
      histamine, whereas burimamide did not affect the cyclic AMP levels elevated by
      tyramine and only slightly reduced the isoproterenol response. Propranolol was
      effective in reducing or abolishing the cyclic AMP accumulation by all three
      agonists. The respective blockade by burimamide or propranolol was overcome by
      increasing the concentration of the agonists. Histamine (10(-3) M) and tyramine
      (10(-3) M) failed to elevate cyclic AMP in uterine segments obtained from
      reserpine treated rats. The data supports the hypothesis that histamine, like
      tyramine, has an indirect effect on the rat uterus mediated through the release
      of endogenous norepinephrine.

PMID- 176706
TI  - Phosphodiesterase inhibition and lipolytic action of the stereoisomers of
      trimetoquinol.
AB  - The isomers and racemate of trimetoquinol [TMQ; 6-7-dihydroxy-1-(3',4',5'
      trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline] as well as N-(3',4',5'
      trimethoxyphenethyl)dopamine were all shown to be effective at promoting glycerol
      release from rat epididymal fat tissue. The rank order of potency observed for
      these compounds was (-)-TMQ greater than or equal to (+/-)-TMQ greater than
      greater than (+)-TMQ = N-(3',4',5-trimethoxyphenethyl)dopamine. (+/-)-TMQ and (-)
      TMQ were the only agents capable of producing a maximal lipolytic response. None
      of the compounds tested were able to exhibit significant c-AMP phosphodiesterase
      inhibition. This study is the first report which shows that the beta-adrenoceptor
      activity of the isomers of TMQ does not correlate with an inhibition of c-AMP
      phosphodiesterase. An alternate mechanism of action for these compounds is
      proposed.

PMID- 176707
TI  - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus: studies on the venereal carrier status
      in range cattle.
AB  - Genital samples collected at autopsy from 193 beef cows representing 22 different
      herds in Northern Australia yielded only one isolate of infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus. Serological evidence showed 59 per cent of similar
      cows had prior infection with this virus and of 19 sero-positive cows tested, 11
      (58-2 per cent) shed detectable IBR virus from the vagina after treatment with
      corticosteroids. Transitory lesions of the vagina and vulva developed in five of
      the treated cows. Twenty-six (65 per cent) of 40 sero-positive bulls shed
      detectable IBR virus into the prepuce after corticosteroid treatment. Except for
      one bull, virus was not isolated after corticosteroid treatment of sero-negative
      animals. IBR virus and mucosal disease (MD) virus were not isolated from nasal
      swabs before or after corticosteroid administration. No correlation was observed
      between initial circulating antiboyd titre and virus excretion after treatment.
      There were no significant changes in levels of serum antibody during the virus
      excretion period.

PMID- 176709
TI  - [Comparison of the bronchodilator effects of PGE1, isoproterenol, cAMP, DBcAMP
      and ATP by aerosol administration in the anesthetized dog (author's transl)].

PMID- 176708
TI  - [Pharmacology of airway mechanics].

PMID- 176710
TI  - [Theories on inert gas exchange in the tissue (author's transl)].

PMID- 176711
TI  - [Acute myocardial infarct. (XI) Myocardial scintiscanning by 99mTc-PYP].

PMID- 176712
TI  - [Activator of inactive forms of neutral proteases from human leukocytes].

PMID- 176713
TI  - [Dermatomyositis complicated by cytomegalovirus infection in a 12-year-old
      child].

PMID- 176715
TI  - Studies on an additional pre-beta-lipoprotein, sinking pre-beta (SPB). I.
      Isolation and characterization.
AB  - The occurrence on cellulose acetate and agarose gel electrophoresis of additional
      bands with the mobility of pre-beta-lipoprotein (LP) has recently been linked to
      ischemic heart disease (IHD). In the present study, one of these additional pre
      beta-LP fractions, earlier designated as 'pre-beta-LP' and now defined on agarose
      gel electrophoresis, was isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation and gel
      filtration. The characterization of this pre-beta-1-LP revealed a 'sinking pre
      beta-LP' (SPB) of density 1.050-1.080 g/ml. SPB shared its major antigenic
      determinant with low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and resembled closely LDL with
      regard to its lipid composition. Specific anti-LP(a) serum confirmed the presence
      of LP(a) antigen in the purified SPB preparation.

PMID- 176716
TI  - Studies on an additional pre-beta-lipoprotein, sinking pre-beta (SPB). II. Fatty
      acid composition of lipid moieties.
AB  - The appearance of additional lipoprotein fractions with pre-beta-mobility on
      cellulose acetate and agarose gel electrophoresis has recently been linked with
      the early occurrence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). One of these fractions,
      designated sinking pre-beta-lipoprotein (SPB) has been isolated, purified, and
      identififed as synonymous with LP(a). In the present study, the lipid moieties of
      this lipoprotein fraction were further characterized as to their fatty acid
      composition. These were almost identical to those of low-density lipoprotein
      (LDL) lipid moieties. The acute influence on fatty acid composition of SPB lipid
      moieties, 5 hr after a linoleic acid-rich test meal, was a 40% increase in
      triglyceride linoleic acid content and only minor changes in phosphoglyceride
      fatty acids. Data speak against an actual conversion of chylomicron remnants into
      SPB but would allow a certain exchange of lipid moiety among chylomicrons, SPB,
      and LDL. It is therefore suggested that the origin of the SPB presumably
      synonymous with LP(a) is the same as for LDL: the liver.

PMID- 176714
TI  - [Anterior subacute poliomyelitis. Clinical study. Apropos of a case with
      isolation of poliovirus type II in the cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 176717
TI  - Studies on human serum high-density lipoproteins. V. Isolation and
      characterization of a cholesterol ester-rich lipoprotein after in vitro
      incubation.
AB  - Purified high-density lipoprotein (HDL), obtained by preparative
      ultracentrifugation at density 1.063-1.19 g/ml in the cold, were subfractionated
      by hydroxyl apatite column chromatography. Two of the obtained subfractions
      (subfractions II and III) turned turbid after incubation at 37 degrees C for 12
      h. The turbid material was recovered in the supernatant of D 1.006 g/ml after
      centriguation at 30,000 g for 2 h. The lipoprotein fraction causing the turbidity
      was composed of 94% cholesterol ester and 2% apolipoprotein (by weight). On
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the apolipoprotein moiety appeared as one
      polypeptide with the electrophoretic mobility of polypeptide A-I, revealed a
      blocked NH2-terminal amino acid, and had a total amino acid composition that
      differed from that of A-I and of the arginine-rich polypeptide.

PMID- 176718
TI  - Serum beta-lipoprotein subfractions in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      associated with coronary heart disease.
AB  - Subfractions of beta-lipoprotein occurred more frequently in serum from patients
      with coronary heart disease than in serum from patients with no sign of coronary
      heart disease. Two beta-lipoprotein subfractions were observed in polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. The sera containing a beta-lipoprotein subfraction with a
      position close to the beta-lipoprotein band showed Lp(a) antigenic properties.
      Triglycerides were raised in the sera with beta-lipoprotein subfractions. The
      cholesterol level was significantly higher in the coronary heart disease group
      but was not correlated to the presence of the beta-lipoprotein subfraction. The
      beta-lipoprotein subfraction may possibly represent an additional risk factor in
      the genesis of coronary heart disease, even in the absence of other
      hyperlipoproteinemias.

PMID- 176719
TI  - Histochemical localization of alkaline pyrophosphate- phosphohydrolase in tooth
      forming cells of rat.
AB  - The activity of a pyrophosphate-splitting tissue factor in jaws, teeth and
      intestinal mucosa has been studied by means of histochemistry. Freeze-cut,
      unfixed sections of whole animals were incubated in a buffered medium (pH 8.6)
      containing inorganic pyrophosphate (PP) Pb2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ at various
      concentrations. The effects of compound R 8231, heat, aldehyde fixation, and
      demineralization with EDTA were also investigated. In sections showing optimal
      staining, deposition of incubation products was found in the stratum intermedium
      and the subodontoblastic cells of the developing tooth, in the osteoblastic
      layers, and at the surface of the intestinal mucosa. The hard tissues were also
      stained except in the demineralized sections. Treatment with heat or compound R
      8231 resulted in loss of originally observed soft tissue staining while short
      time demineralization with EDTA enhanced the staining reaction. It is argued that
      a nonspecific deposition of the capturing ion, Pb2+, can hardly explain the
      observed soft tissue staining. The results point to the presence of a PP
      splitting enzyme, and it is suggested that the enzyme exhibits features of an
      alkaline phosphatase with PP-phospholhydrolytic properties rather than of an
      inorganic pyrophosphatase.

PMID- 176720
TI  - Function of granulocytes with deficient myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination in a
      patient with generalized pustular psoriasis.
AB  - The granulocytes of a patient with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) were
      found to have impaired ability to fix iodine after ingestion of yeast particles.
      Since hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) activity was increased and the contents of
      3 other lysosomal enzymes, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and
      lysozyme, were within normal range, the impaired iodination appeared to be due to
      a selective defect of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity within the phagocytic cells.
      The deficient iodination was accompanied by a decreased intracellular killing of
      E. coli and C. albicans. Since hexose monophosphate shunt activity was enhanced
      and azide and cyanide inhibited the intracellular killing of E. coli only
      moderately, the patient's granulocytes may possess azide- and cyanide-resistant,
      MPO-independant microbicidal systems coupled to the oxidative metabolism.
      Assessment of granulocyte iodination and enzyme contents of the relatives of the
      patient revealed no hereditary transmission. Since GPP is characterized by the
      development of subcorneal pustules containing granulocytes, the MPO-deficiency
      may be the cause of or enhance the development of the disease.

PMID- 176721
TI  - Congenital malformations of the hand: indications, operative treatment and
      results. Erik Moberg Lecture 1975.

PMID- 176722
TI  - [Use of soluble polybactrine and soluble polybactrine UG in dentistry].

PMID- 176723
TI  - Magnesium depletion and hypocalcaemia after removal of parathyroid carcinoma.
AB  - A case of parathyroid carcinoma is described which presented with severe bone
      disease, complicated after parathyroidectomy by symptomatic hypocalcaemia and
      magnesium deficiency, both of which responded dramatically to the administration
      of magnesium. Urinary cyclic AMP assays were used to monitor parathyroid
      activity.

PMID- 176724
TI  - REM sleep induction by physostigmine infusion during sleep.
AB  - Physostigmine (an anticholinesterase agent that increases acetylcholine at the
      synapse), in a dose of 0.5 milligram, was given intravenously to seven normal
      human volunteers. When injected during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep,
      physostigmine woke the subjects, and when injected during non-REM sleep, it
      induced REM sleep. This result suggests that cholinergic mechanisms play a role
      in the induction of REM sleep and in modulating cortical arousal mechanisms.

PMID- 176726
TI  - Theiler's virus-induced demyelination: prevention by immunosuppression.
AB  - The effect of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide and rabbit antiserum to
      mouse thymocytes on demyelination induced by Theiler's virus in SJL/J mice was
      ascertained from Epon-embedded sections (1 micrometer) of the central nervous
      system. Immunosuppression not only eliminated mononuclear cell infiltrates in the
      spinal cord white matter, but it also prevented the occurrence of demyelination.
      These results suggest that demyelination in this infection is immune-mediated.

PMID- 176725
TI  - Human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in man-rodent somatic cell
      hybrids.
AB  - The human enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) forms
      heteropolymers with the rodent enzyme in man-rodent somatic cell hybrids. A gene
      specifying GAPDH is syntenic with the genes specifying the glycolytic enzymes
      triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B). The synteny
      of GAPDH, TPI, and LDH-B is the first evidence for the syntenic association of
      human genes that specify enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway.

PMID- 176727
TI  - Blockade of prolactin action by an antiserum to its receptors.
AB  - A guinea pig antiserum to prolactin receptors selectively inhibited the binding
      of [125I] prolactin to its membrane receptors as well as prolactin-mediated
      incorporation of [3H] leucine into casein and transport of [14C] aminoisobutyric
      acid, but was without effect on the binding of [125I] insulin and insulin
      mediated events in explants of rabbit mammary glands maintained in culture. These
      findings provide direct evidence for an obligatory functional role of a membrane
      receptor in mediating the action of a polypeptide hormone.

PMID- 176728
TI  - Neurotransmitter regulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in clonal nerve,
      glia, and muscle cell lines.
AB  - Norepinephrine increases the intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP) in clonal cell lines of nerve, glia, smooth muscel, and skeletal
      muscle. The largest response is in skeletal muscle, where the cyclic nucleotide
      concentration is elevated more than 500-fold. Glia and muscle cells, but not
      nerve cells, respond to dopamine with increased cyclic AMP accumulation. This
      response appears to be mediated through a beta-adrenoreceptor.

PMID- 176729
TI  - [A propos of 210 emergency endoscopies in upper digestive hemorrhage].
AB  - The authors report their experience of 210 fiber endoscopies carried out as an
      emergency for upper digestive hemorrhage. They emphasize the necessity of early
      examination and only consider here examinations carried out within 12 hours from
      the start of the hemorrhage. In 91.4 % of cases, a correct diagnosis was
      possible. More than 20% of the patients had at least two lesions liable to cause
      hemorrhage. In cirrhosis, esophageal varices were the cause of hemorrhage in only
      50% of cases.

PMID- 176730
TI  - [Endoscopic resection of colonic polyps. A propos of 45 polypectomies].
AB  - Endoscopic resection of polyps of the colon is, no doubt, a considerable
      therapeutic advance. It avoids surgical operation permits histological
      examination and makes simple biopsy unnecessary. It is indicated in the presence
      of pediculated polyps of a diameter or less than 3 cm, whatever the site of the
      polyp. Thus we were able to remove 45 polyps without complications. The method is
      not indicated in a large size polyp, sessile polyps or diffuse polyposis. The
      follow-up is still insufficient to assess : 1) the true risk of resection which
      can only be undertaken after long experience of colonoscopy ; 2) the frequency or
      recurrent adenomas. Endoscopic resection is at present the simplest method of
      detection and treatment of carcinoma in situ of the colon of which we observed
      four cases in our series. The problem of surgical reoperation is discussed.

PMID- 176731
TI  - [Routine gastric fiber endoscopy in severe head injuries].
AB  - Gastric lesions in severe cranial trauma are almost constant, whether the
      patients have bled or not. Routine fiber endoscopy in 63 cases permited the
      authors to discover various types of lesion, some in association, whether diffuse
      or localised, e.g. oedema or congestion, viz. congestion, purpura, various sized
      ulcers, usually situated high up in the stomach, sometimes in the antrum ; their
      course, whether rapid or not, was often intermittent. Endoscopy is the best
      method of diagnosis permitting appropriate treatment.

PMID- 176732
TI  - Discontinued thrombolytic treatment: initial biological results.
AB  - Changes in blood coagulation following the action of intermittent treatment with
      streptokinase are studied : 1) Fibrinogenemia remains at a concentration slightly
      higher than that obtained after the first 16 hour perfusion. 2) The thrombin time
      becomes considerably longer on the first day, then becomes shorter and remains
      slightly long throughout treatment. The theoretical interest of the rise in
      plasminogen levels during interruption of perfusions of streptokinase is
      discussed.

PMID- 176733
TI  - [Intermittent thrombolytic treatment. Results during severe, chronic arterial
      diseases].
AB  - 38 patients with severe chronic arteritis of the lower limbs were treated with
      streptokinase intermittently. All had been refused for surgical operation. One
      patient died, 4 others had early interruption of treatment. Eleven of the 38
      patients had efficient thrombolysis confirmed by arteriography. The facts confirm
      the possibility of thrombolysis during chronic arterial disease. The fact that
      the aggravation was recent was favourable factor in prognosis. The eleven
      patients improved, had severe aggravation of symptomes for less than 2 months.
      Thus thrombolytic treatment has a place of choice in the treatment of severe
      arterial disease where surgery is impossible, or dangerous, owing to the
      uncertain state of the vascular bed below the lesion. Efficacious, it permits
      reconstructive surgery in cases where it had been at first refused. The use of
      intermittent treatment, apart from advantages of confort and cost, seems to
      increase the efficacy of treatment.

PMID- 176734
TI  - Rare tumors of the ear, nose and throat: synovial sarcoma of the head and neck.
AB  - Synovial sarcoma is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. Contrary to earlier
      beliefs, this tumor does not arise from the synovial lining of joints and bursae,
      but develops from pluripotential mesenchymal cells through abnormal
      differentiation into synovial neoplasms. Macroscopically there are no
      distinguishing features. Microscopically the tumor is characterized by a biphasic
      pattern of pseudoepithelial cells and a spindle cell element with
      fibrosarcomatous appearance. To establish a diagnosis both features must be
      present, yet their relative proportions vary markedly. The tumor occurs most
      frequently in the extremities and rarely in other areas. Only 19 cases of
      synovial sarcoma of the head and neck have been reported in the literature. Two
      additional cases, one of the hypopharynx and one of the cheek, are reported
      herein.

PMID- 176735
TI  - Early bilateral eighth nerve involvement in meningococcal meningitis.
AB  - A male Navy recruit had hearing loss and bilateral otitis media. Meningeal signs,
      not initially present, developed approximately 48 hours after admission to the
      hospital. Type Y meningococcus was isolated from blood cultures drawn after two
      days of ampicillin administered orally. Permanent, bilateral, vestibular and
      auditory loss resulted, in spite of adequate doses of penicillin. This unusual
      presentation of bilateral eighth nerve involvement was thought to be due to a
      localized, bilateral meningococcal labyrinthitis.

PMID- 176736
TI  - The effect of dengue virus infection on the clinical sequelae of Japanese
      encephalitis: a one year follow-up study in Thailand.
AB  - In order to determine if prior dengue virus infection reduces the severity of
      Japanese encephalitis (JE), we examined 127 patients hospitalized during the 1970
      JE epidemic in the Chiangmai and Lampang Valleys of northern Thailand. Patients
      were studied during the first 30 days after onset of JE; 120 of these patients
      were examined one year later for residual neurologic sequelae. About 21% of
      patients had serological evidence of a prior dengue virus infection. Morbidity
      and mortality in patients with and without prior dengue virus experience were
      compared. These comparisons were made within two age groups to exclude
      differences due to age alone;

PMID- 176737
TI  - Parasitology survey in the Palu Valley, central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia.
AB  - A survey was undertaken in the Palu Valley, Central Sulasesi to determine whether
      schisto somiasis japonica was endemic in the area and to determine the
      prevalences rates of intestinal and blood parasites. Seven villages along the
      Palu River drainage system with an estimated popualtion of 18,700 were surveyed
      and 2,433 stools, 3,651 blood smears and 1,167 sera were collected and examined.

PMID- 176738
TI  - Portacaval shunt in two patients with homozygous type II hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - We report the clinical and biochemical course of 2 patients who underwent
      portacaval shunting for the relief of homozygous type II hyperlipoproteinaemia.
      In our first patient, the initial favourable clinical and biochemical response
      subsequently deteriorated and a splenoportogram revealed the presence of a
      blocked splenic vein with a large collateral blood supply to the liver. The
      second patient has responded quite dramatically; there has been relief of her
      preoperative anginal attacks and a significant fall in her plasma cholesterol
      concentration. The present role of portacaval shunts in the management of this
      conditions is discussed.

PMID- 176739
TI  - Pituitary and ovarian function in women with vesicovaginal fistuale after
      obstructed and prolonged labour.
AB  - This study concerns 11 patients with menstrual disorders dating back to an
      obstructed and prolonged labour, and 5 women with similar histories but without
      menstrual disorders. All patients were able to secrete gonadotrophins. According
      to the gonadotrophin pattern, the patients could be divided into three groups: in
      the amenorrhoeic and in 2 normally menstruating women various degrees of
      suppression of basal and peak levels of luteinising hormone (LH) could be
      observed; patients with infrequent menstrual periods showed temporarily arrested
      secretion of gonadotrophins and ovarian steroids; and in polymerrhoea a non
      cyclic but high secretion was seen. The gonadotrophin response to oestrogen
      levels was temporarily or permanently disordered in all but 3 patients in this
      series, whereas an ovarian refractoriness to gonadotrophins was only infrequently
      observed. There were 2 cases of 'ovulatory amenorrhoea' as judged by the normal
      profiles of ovarian steroids. Biopsies indicated inadequate endometrial
      transformation in many cases of amenorrhoea. Abnormal responses to the
      stimulatory tests of pituitary secretion of human growth hormone (HGH) and/or LH
      were seen in 6 patients. The study suggests that menstrual disorders after
      obstructed labour are associated with derangement of different hypophyseotrophic
      areas of the hypothalamus.

PMID- 176740
TI  - Antibacterial activity of oxidized regenerated cellulose.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that oxidized regenerated cellulose promptly and
      markedly reduces the bacterial census of ten different strains of common
      pathogens when exposed to them in vitro. This was not true of two other
      hemostatic agents tested, namely, absorbable gelatin sponge and topical thrombin.
      Wounds in guinea pigs in which oxidized regenerated cellulose was placed and
      infected with one of three pathogens had healing per primum in 39 of 40
      instances. In similar control wounds and incisions in which absorbable gelatin
      sponge was placed, sepsis of the wound developed in 19 of 20 of the control group
      and in 39 of 40 guinea pigs in the absorbable gelatin sponge group.

PMID- 176742
TI  - Polyglactin 910 suture absorption and the role of cellular enzymes.
AB  - Enzyme histochemical procedures for both hydrolase and oxidoreductase enzyme
      activity were applied to cryostat sections of polyglactin 910 suture implant
      sites. Sutures were implanted either solely in tissue or in a combination of in
      vitro incubation followed by implantation in vivo for total time periods of seven
      to 56 days. Suture absorption rates were also measured. It is concluded from the
      results that neither cellular nor enzyme activity is necessary for the
      degradation and absorption of polyglactin 910 sutures. This conclusion is based
      on similar absorption rates for sutures implanted solely in vivo and sutures
      treated in vitro and then implanted in tissue to give equivalent time spans.
      There were strong indications, however, that the products of suture hydrolysis
      are probably metabolized through the oxidative enzyme systems of cells adjacent
      to the suture. This mechanism of polyglactin 910 suture absorption is quite
      different from that observed and reported for catgut absorbable sutures.

PMID- 176743
TI  - [Home nursing: team work and communication between the hospital nurse and the
      home care nurse].

PMID- 176741
TI  - Orthotopic liver transplantation in ninety-three patients.
AB  - During the 11 1/2 year period ending 13 months ago, 93 consecutive patients were
      treated with orthotopic liver transplantation. Fifty-six of the recipients were
      18 years old or younger, and the other 37 were adults. The most common
      indications for operation were biliary atresia, primary hepatic malignant tumor,
      chronic aggressive hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis. There has been a gradual
      improvement in results throughout the period of study, although to a satisfactory
      level. Twenty-seven of the 93 patients survived for at least one year after liver
      replacement with a maximum of six years, and 16 are still alive after 13 to 71
      months. The 11 late deaths  after one to six years were caused by chronic
      rejection, biliary obstruction, recurrence of hepatoma, systemic infection or
      hepatitis of the homograft. Rejection of the liver as judged by classical
      histopathologic criteria played a surprisingly small role in the heavy over-all
      mortality, accounting for less than 10 per cent of the deaths. Technical or
      mechanical problems, especially those of biliary duct reconstruction, were a far
      greater cause of failure, as were systemic infections. Six of the 37 adult
      recipients had lethal cerebrovascular accidents during, or just after, operation.
      When abnormalities of liver function developed in the postoperative period, the
      nearly automatic diagnosis of homograft rejection, in retrospect, proved to have
      been wrong in most instances. Further development of liver transplantation
      depends upon two kinds of progress. There must be reduction of operative and
      early postoperative accidents and complications by more discriminating patient
      selection, purely technical improvement and better standardization of biliary
      duct reconstruction. The second area will be in sharpening the criteria for the
      differnetial diagnosis of postoperative hepatic malfunction, including the
      liberal use of transhepatic cholangiography and needle biopsy. Only then can
      better decisions be made about changes in medication or about the need for
      secondary corrective surgical procedures.

PMID- 176744
TI  - Ascorbate inhibition of 6-aminonicotinamide teratogenesis in chicken embryos.
AB  - Chicken eggs of 4 or 6 days of incubation were injected with 10 mug 6
      aminonicotinamide (6-AN) or 6-AN plus various doses of sodium ascorbate, calcium
      ascorbate, or ascorbic acid; 11-day embryos were examined grossly and
      histologically. 6-AN-treated embryos had various degrees of micromelia and were
      reduced in overall size. All three ascorbates inhibited 6-AN teratogenesis but
      not completely. The extent of inhibition was dose related. Increased amounts of
      intercellular matrix and decreased necrosis of chondrocytes in the limb cartilage
      of protected embryos correlated with the gross findings.

PMID- 176745
TI  - NAD precursors as antiteratogens against aminothiadiazole.
AB  - The teratogen 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (ATDA) is an antagonist of nicotinamide,
      and may act by interfering with the synthesis or utilization of the coenzyme
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Several compounds that can be converted
      to NAD were tested as antiteratogens against ATDA. At day 11 of gestation (sperm
      day = day 0) pregnant Wistar-derived rats were given single ip injections of ATDA
      (100 mg/kg), or ATDA immediately followed by the suspected antiteratogen ip or by
      gavage, or the antiteratogen alone. Compounds tested were NAD, nicotinamide,
      nicotinic acid, quinolinic acid, kynurenine sulfate, and L-tryptophan, in doses
      of 10-200 mg per animal. At autopsy (day 20) fetuses were recovered and examined.
      It was found that each antiteratogen significantly reduced the frequency of ATDA
      induced resorptions and malformations. At certain doses each anteteratogen gave
      complete protection against ATDA-induced malformations in some, but not all,
      litters. These results support the hypothesis that ADTA interferes with the
      synthesis or utilization of NAD and suggest that substances converted to NAD act
      as antiteratogens against ATDA.

PMID- 176746
TI  - [The attitude of the practitioner confronted with peripheral nerve lesions.
      Diagnosis, assessment and indication for treatment (author's transl)].

PMID- 176747
TI  - Bronchorrhoea.
AB  - Bronchorrohea has been defined as a condition in which more than 100 ml of sputum
      is produced within 24 hours, an amount in excess of that seen in chronic lung
      diseases. The rheological and chemical characteristics of the sputum are here
      described. Levels of viscosity, dry weight, N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA),
      fucose, and sulphate fall between those in saliva and mucoid sputum from chronic
      lung diseases. These levels were always higher in bronchorrhoea sputum than in
      saliva and therefore may be used in the differential diagnosis of bronchorrhoea
      and hypersalivation. Bronchorrhoea sputum has the constituents of a bronchial
      secretion but is low in acid glycoprotein. Certain other features are commonly
      found - a large amount of froth, increase in viscosity with time, and separation
      into two phases. Some cases respond to steroids, particularly when the levels of
      NANA in the sputum are low.

PMID- 176748
TI  - [Electroencephalographic changes of REM during sleep in patients treated with N
      dimethyldiazepam].

PMID- 176749
TI  - [Vitamin D-resistant rickets].

PMID- 176751
TI  - [Cry from the heart from a district nurse in oncology].

PMID- 176750
TI  - [Lipoprotein-X (LP-X): a new test for the diagnosis of cholestasis].

PMID- 176752
TI  - [Imposition of the hand as impetratrio boni].

PMID- 176753
TI  - Effect of chilling on platelet cyclic adenosine 3:5-monophosphate and adenylate
      cyclase activity.
AB  - Exposure of platelets to 1 C led to a transient increase in cyclic AMP levels
      (determined either by a protein binding method or by radioimmunoassay) within
      five to ten minutes reaching a maximum 10 to 15 minutes after chilling was begun
      and returning subsequently to baseline values. Addition of EDTA to the platelet
      suspension medium prevented this increase. Rewarming at 37 C produced a sudden
      reduction in platelet cyclic AMP. To determine whether the cold-induced increase
      in cyclic AMP was due to a transient stimulation of platelet adenylate cyclase or
      a rapid inhibition of phosphodiesterase, these enzymes were assayed in ruptured
      platelet suspensions. Platelet adenylate cyclase activity was found to possess
      certain characteristics similar to those of the enzyme derived from other sources
      but there was a marked potentiation of fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase
      activity by 0.001 M EDTA. This effect was limited to low EDTA concentrations.
      Exposure of platelets to 1 C for up to 60 minutes did not increase adenylate
      cyclase activity but lowered it substantially compared with controls kept at room
      temperature. Phosphodiesterase activity at 1 C was depressed sooner and to a
      greater extent than was adenylate cyclase. The transient rise in cyclic AMP
      levels in chilled platelets appears to be due to a disproportionate reduction of
      cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity.

PMID- 176754
TI  - [Importance of concentration factors in cryoinjury of lysosomes].
AB  - The injury degree of lysosomes isolated from the rat liver under low temperature
      conditions was studied with respect to nonsedimented hydrolases activities (acid
      RNases, DNase, phosphatase, cathepsins) taken as a biochemical criterium of
      lysosomal membrane stability. The lysosomal fraction was resuspended in 0.15 M
      NaCl solution and frozen in the liquid N2 vapours up to --30 degrees C. According
      to the thermographic analysis data the samples were thawed and studied at
      different stages of cooling. The activity of the studied hydrolases was
      established to increase most considerably during the water crystallization period
      and at the NaCl eutectic point. Hydrolytic enzymes release from lysosomes proved
      to be dependent on the thawing rate and NaCl concentration. The obtained data
      indicate to the importance of concentration factors in lysosomal membrane
      cryoinjury.

PMID- 176755
TI  - [Activity of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes and content of carbohydrate and
      nitrogen compounds in muscles of young cattle depending on breed and sex].
AB  - The activity of glycolysis and glyconeogenesis enzymes, content of carbohydrate
      and nitrogen compounds were studied in muscles of 15-month cattle of different
      sex of the black-piebald breed and its crosses with bulls of two meat breeds
      Hereford and Limousine. In the muscles of bulls the activity of
      phosphoglucomutase, phosphohexoisomerase, aldolase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase
      is considerably higher (except of the activity of phosphoglucomutase and
      phosphohexoisomerase in the muscles of pure-bred black-piebald animals for which
      difference is not statistically reliable) and the content of glycogen, glucose,
      fructose, lactic acid, free and phosphorylated pentoses of nonadenylic compounds
      is essentially lower than in the muscle tissue of heifers of analogous breed
      groups. A higher activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (especially aldolase
      and fructose-1,6-diphosphate) and a higher content of total pentoses, the
      adenylic system pentoses, ATP phosphorus in the muscles of the cross Limousine
      and Hereford bulls and Limousine heifers as compared to the pure-bred black
      piebald animals of the corresponding sex coincide with a greater increase in the
      muscular tissue and more intensive synthesis of proteins in it. A considerably
      lower level of glycogen, glucose, fructose and a relatively high activity of
      carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in the muscles of cross young cattle show that
      disintegration of these carbohydrates is in excess of their synthesis, that is
      due to an increase in the energy demand connected with a more intensive synthesis
      of proteins in the muscular tissue. Therefore, in the authors opinion the
      performed kill of the cross Limousine and Hereford bulls as well as Limousine
      heifers, is somewhat untimely and unreasonable. At the same time the activity of
      all the studied enzymes in the muscles of the cross Hereford heifers, vice versa,
      is considerably lower as compared to the black-piebald heifers and coincides with
      a low gain in live weight and muscular tissue, a more rapid accumulation of
      glycogen and lipids and a more delayed--of proteins in the muscular tissue, that
      evidences for their early maturity. Therefore the further raising of the cross
      Hereford heifers in the farm for obtaining meat is economically less profitable.
      The data obtained give grounds to recommend determination of the activity of
      carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, especially of aldolase and fructose-1,6
      diphosphate, as a test for checking the muscular tissue growth and for prognosing
      the meat productivity in the growing pure-bred and cross young cattle of
      different sex.

PMID- 176756
TI  - [Peculiarities of disturbances in oxidation and phosphorylation processes in rat
      liver under the effect of mononitrophenols].
AB  - It is determined that ortho- and n-nitrophenol introduced into the stomach (0.80
      and 0.11 g/kg, respectively) inhibit the activity of cytochrome oxydase (by 21%
      at an average), cause an increase in the content of NADH (by 35 and 27%) and a
      decrease in ATP (by 38 and 36%, respectively), split the oxidation and
      phosphorylation processes in the rat liver tissue. The content of NAD+, AMP and
      ADP, lactate, the activity of K+, Na+-ATPase and lactate dehydrogenase do not
      change.

PMID- 176758
TI  - [Letter: Zone therapy].

PMID- 176757
TI  - [Interrelation between changes in RNA transcription and glycine-14C incorporation
      into protein peculiar to hepatoma PC-1].
AB  - Incorporation of labelled precursor, glycin-1-14C, into the fraction and
      individual subfractions of blood serum immunoglobulin G (namely into protein
      positively reacting in the precipitation test) testifies to the fact that at
      early stages of the tumour development in the rat organism there occurs an
      intensive synthesis of protein peculiar to hepatoma PC-1. Actinomycin D in a dose
      blocking the appearance of the peculiar protein in the blood serum of rats with
      the tumour has a selective effect on the transcription of liver nuclear RNA in
      rats with hepatoma PC-1. Its inhibitory effect is most pronounced with respect to
      ribosomal RNA and one of the fractions of DNA-like RNA--RNA-85. It is observed
      that the fraction of DNA-like RNA--RNA-63, being stable to the effect of
      actinomycin D at normal state and with liver regeneration is inhibited to some
      extent by the antibiotic with the presence of the tumour in the rat organism.

PMID- 176759
TI  - [The effect of standardised sodium hypochlorite solution on bacteria pathogenic
      for the urinary tract (author's transl)].
AB  - Stable sodium hypochlorite solution shows excellent disinfectant properties, even
      in higher dilution. Parallel to clinical tests in vitro experiments were made to
      show the changes of morphology of bacteria pathogenic for the urinary tract by
      scanning microscope. Two hours after incubation of the bacteria with sodium
      hypochlorite solution containing 40 mg available chlorine/1 severe damages of the
      bacterial morphology up to complete destruction were evident in all cases. Gram
      negative rod-shaped bacilli were more, gram-positive cocci were less damaged.

PMID- 176760
TI  - [Clinical use of sodium hypochlorite for local treatment and prevention of
      urinary tract infections and therapy of contracted bladders (author's transl)].
AB  - A stable commercial electrolytic sodium hypochlorite solution was tested in 63
      urologic patients. The complete germicidal action against all sorts of bacteria
      was shown in suspension-tests. Irrigation studies of the infected bladder were
      performed. It was found that continued bladder irrigations were necessary to stop
      bacterial ascension from the infected urethra. Bladder capacity was increased in
      6 of 8 patients with nonmalignant contracted bladder or interstitial cystitis.
      Desinfection with sodium hypochlorite in urologic practice is cheap, easy to
      perform and diminishes the risk of hospitalism. Clinical studies confirmed the
      absence of general or local toxicity.

PMID- 176762
TI  - A practitioner's experience with experimental reo-coronavirus calf diarrhea
      vaccine.

PMID- 176761
TI  - [Neurological and ocular symptoms in juvenile angiofibromas of the cranial base].

PMID- 176763
TI  - Adenoviral infection in a foal.

PMID- 176764
TI  - An outbreak of acute pneumonia in young, single-suckled calves.
AB  - An outbreak of acute severe pneumonia which affected six to 14-week-old single
      suckled calves, resulted in 45/77 requiring treatment. The examination of paired
      sera from all affected calves revealed that neither an adenovirus, non infectious
      bovine rhinotracheitis virus nor parainfluenza 3 virus was involved. The acute
      exudative interstitial pneumonia found at post mortem was typical of pneumonic
      pasteurellosis.

PMID- 176765
TI  - Relationship of porcine cytomegalovirus and B bronchiseptica to atrophic rhinitis
      in gnotobiotic piglets.
AB  - Both porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) and Bordetella bronchiseptica produced
      rhinitis and pneumonia when inoculated intranasally into young gnotobiotic pigs.
      With PCMV the nasal lesions were confirmed to the lamina propria, while
      Bordetella produced atrophy of the turbinate bones and hyperplasia and
      degeneration of the nasal epithelium. Some exacerbation of the lesions was
      observed in the nasal mucosa of pigs given both agents, but the degree of bone
      atrophy was not increased.

PMID- 176767
TI  - Isolation of louping-ill virus from a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).

PMID- 176766
TI  - Initial studies on "six months disease" in sheep.
AB  - Enterotoxaemia in sheep due to Clostridium welchii type D was indicated by field
      and laboratory investigations in Nepal. Morphological, cultural, biochemical,
      biological and toxin-producing characteristics observed were used to type the
      isolates. In anaerobic meat medium, all isolates produced pinkish discoloration
      of meat. All the strains fermented lactose, maltose, dextrose and sucrose
      whereas, salicine was fermented only by 17 strains. All but five strains were MR
      negative. Out of 200 isolated, 166 produced both alpha and epsilon toxins and the
      remaining 34 non-toxogenic strains are likely to be variants which have lost
      their toxogenicity. Epidemiologically the local name "Six months disease" and
      enterotoxaemia are considered to be identical diseases.

PMID- 176768
TI  - [Resistance of vaccinated animals to heterologous subtypes of the foot-and-mouth
      disease virus].

PMID- 176769
TI  - [Epizootiology of viral (transmissible) gastroenteritis of swine].

PMID- 176770
TI  - [Studies of the complement fixation reaction in infectious rhinotracheitis in
      cattle].
AB  - The complement-fixation reaction was used in the diagnosis of infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis establishing its specificity and effectiveness. Highest titers of
      the antigens tested (up to 1:16) showed antigens that were concentrated with the
      use of poly ethylene glycol. In performing the test both the antigen and the
      complement were used in a dose that contained two units of each of them. Thus the
      use of the complement-fixation test proved instrumental in determining specific
      complement-fixing antibodies in animals that had recovered from the disease, or
      animals that had latent infection or had been vaccinated. The titers established
      usually ranged from 1:2 to 1:8, and in single cases they reached 1:128. On the
      infected farms some animals presented both complement-fixing and neutralizing
      antibodies. In Herds with positive reagents was also isolated the virus of bovine
      rhinotracheitis.

PMID- 176771
TI  - [Obtaining the beta-globulin fractions from swine and cattle sera and a study of
      their immunological activity].
AB  - The rivanol precipitation was used to obtain beta-globulin fractions from
      specific swine sera against edema disease, paratyph and Aujeszky's disease as
      well as from normal ovine and swine sera. Agar electrophoresis revealed that the
      preparations produced contained beta-globulin (86 per cent), gamma-globulin (5
      per cent), and alpha2-globulin (9 per cent). The beta-globulin preparations were
      studied for the presence of antibodies against E. coli, Salmonellae,
      staphylococci, myxovirus parainfluenza-3, adenoviruses, and the virus of
      Aujeszky's disease. The beta-globulin fraction of the specific serum against
      edema disease was shown to contain OK and O agglutinizing antibodies against E.
      coli, having a titer of up to 1:3200, and the gamma-globulin titers of up to
      1:12800. The beta-globulin fraction of the specific serum against typhoid
      contained OH and O agglutinizing antibodies against Salmonella cholerae suis with
      a titer of up to 1:2560. The agglutinizing antibodies against staphylococci were
      twice as much in the beta-globulin fraction as compared with those in the gamma
      globulin fraction. The antibodies against Aujeszky's disease and the adenoviruses
      in the beta-globulin fractions were in negligible amounts, and the titer of the
      antibodies against myxovirus parainfluenza-3 ranged from 1:128 to 1:512.

PMID- 176772
TI  - [Early histoenzymologic and ultrastructural changes induced by adrenalin
      thyroxine and fat diet in rabbit aorta (author's transl)].
AB  - The first stages of the atherosclerotic lesions induced in the rabbit aorta by
      adrenalin- thyroxine, with (or without) an hypercholesterolic diet, have been
      studied on the 6th, 13th, and 22nd day. Major parietal changes, barely
      demonstrable with light microscopic standard techniques, were detected, as soon
      as the 6th day, by electronmicroscopy and histoenzymology. These changes were
      probably due solely to the hormonal treatment. In the early stage, they consisted
      of some fragmentations of the elastic sheets and some smooth muscle cell lysis.
      The oxidative and ATPase activities were greatly reduced. The increased lysosomal
      hydrolase actitivities of the outer layers of the vessel could be related in the
      increased vascular permeability and consecutive increased perfusion gradient
      induced by these lesions. Later, an obvious repair process was seen. The smooth
      muscle cells bearing numerous processes were bound by many microfilaments and by
      some elastic material. The energetic enzymatic activities were increased. The
      part taken by the lipidic diet in these changes, apart from the increase of the
      esterase activity, did not seem yet of significance in this first stage of
      atherosclerosis. However, one cannot exclude that the intensively accumulating
      lipids might, at some later stages, potentiate the consequences of the vascular
      lesions or impede the repair process.

PMID- 176773
TI  - [Reduction of oily substances in rabbit lungs (author's transl)].
AB  - Artificial fat embolism in rabbits was caused by injection of olive oil and
      Lipiodol Ultrafluid into the ear vein. Electron-microscopic and histochemical
      observations of the lung were made. The content of nonspecific esterase was
      evaluated. Serious defects of blood vessels and pneumocytes as well as an
      increase in alveolar macrophages and capillary thrombosis were noted. The
      endothelial cells became considerably larger and necrosis of endothelial cells
      and capillary destruction even occurred. Fat appeared interstially and in the
      alveolus. Tissue reaction is much greater in olive oil than in contrast medium.
      This is due to their different chemical composition. The strong tissue reaction
      in olive oil is caused by glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids occurring in
      hydrolysis. Fat emboli are primarily eliminated by enzymatic splitting. Normally
      alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells contain little nonspecific esterase.
      After application of fatty fluids they react with an increase in the content of
      esterase. Alveolar epithelium seems to participate in enzymatic fat splitting.

PMID- 176774
TI  - Pigmentation and dysfunction of Gunn rat thyroid: correlation between
      morphological and biochemical data.
AB  - The thyroid gland of homozygous Gunn rats is moderately enlarged and displays a
      brownish-black discoloration. Light microscopic examination discloses that the
      follicular cells are filled with brown granules, which are shown, under the
      electron microscope, to be modified colloid droplets. Most of them possess a
      strong acid phosphatase and a mild peroxidase activity and contain a melanin-like
      pigment, according to histochemical analysis. In comparison with normal Wistar
      rats, Gunn rats possess significantly higher plasma thyroxine and lower
      triiodothyronine as well as an increased plasma TSH level. The soluble protein
      content of the thyroid is reduced in the Gunn rat, as is the total intrathyroid
      iodine content. The hyperthyroxinaemia of homozygous Gunn rats is due to a
      hereditary deficiency in hepatic glucuronyl transferase activity. The excess
      circulating thyroxine is of little functional importance because it is firmly
      bound to plasma proteins. But Gunn rats have a slight hypothyroid goitre for
      reasons not yet elucidated. The functional as well as morphological data at
      present available suggest a modified thyroid iodine metabolism and an altered
      composition of the thyroglobulin which may induce abnormalities in colloid
      proteolysis. The observed pigment may result from peroxidation of tyrosine. These
      alterations are probably independent of the sole enzymatic deficiency so far
      encountered in these animals and may probably be ascribed to a primary enzymatic
      defect in the thyroid gland itself.

PMID- 176775
TI  - Mass occurrence of multilamellar bodies in myopathy.
AB  - In a case of atypical myopathy submicroscopic examinations revealed intact ground
      structure and large number of solitaer, regular multilamellar bodies. The author
      suggests, in accordance with literary data, this typical alteration to be due to
      the applied short term Chloroquine treatment.

PMID- 176776
TI  - Concentric nuclear inclusions.
AB  - Membrane bound concentric lamellar inclusions were found in the nuclei of
      pancreatic acinar cells of a patient with multiple primary neoplasms and in the
      parotid acinar cells of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. It is
      proposed that these inclusions form from rough cisternae sequestered in the
      nucleus.

PMID- 176777
TI  - Glomiform and fibrillar cytoplasmic inclusions.
AB  - Glomiform inclusions, also called tubular arrays in endoplasmic reticulum, are
      found in the epithelial cells of glandular tissues of a patient with systemic
      lupus erythematosus, a patient with Reye's syndrome, and a dog. Their three
      dimensional structure is interpreted as a skein of contorted tubules of
      endoplasmic reticulum. Fibrillar inclusions found in the pancreatic acinar cells
      of two patients are believed to represent altered zymogen granules.

PMID- 176778
TI  - Foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA. Presence of 3'-terminal polyriboadenylic acid
      and absence of amino acid binding ability.

PMID- 176779
TI  - Cell killing by viruses. III. The interferon system and inhibition of cell
      killing by vesicular stomatitis virus.

PMID- 176780
TI  - Suppression of the temperature-sensitive character of adenovirus 12 early mutants
      in monkey cells transformed by an adenovirus 7-simian virus 40 hybrid.

PMID- 176781
TI  - Oncornavirus budding: kinetics of formation and utilization of viral membrane
      glycoprotein.

PMID- 176782
TI  - Biology of SV40 transplantation antigen (TrAg). I. Demonstration of SV40 TrAg on
      glutaraldehyde-fixed SV40-infected African green monkey kidney cells.

PMID- 176783
TI  - The expression of the syn- gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. I. Morphology of
      infected cells.

PMID- 176784
TI  - Neutralization of poliovirus: a hypothesis to explain the mechanism and the one
      hit character of the neutralization reaction.

PMID- 176785
TI  - Concatemeric forms of intracellular herpesvirus DNA.

PMID- 176786
TI  - X-ray potentiation of MuLV infection in vitro.

PMID- 176787
TI  - Parental G protein reincorporation by a vesicular stomatitis virus temperature
      sensitive mutant of complementation group V at nonpermissive temperature.

PMID- 176788
TI  - Replication intermediates of herpes simplex virus DNA.

PMID- 176789
TI  - Cell cycle dependence for activation of Epstein-Barr virus by inhibitors of
      protein synthesis or medium deficient in arginine.

PMID- 176790
TI  - Polypeptides of the mouse mammary tumor virus. II. Identification of two major
      glycoproteins with the viral structure.

PMID- 176791
TI  - Alteration of adenovirus antigenic sites and infectivity by periodate oxidation.

PMID- 176792
TI  - Interferon-sensitive mutants of mengovirus. I. Isolation and biological
      characterization.

PMID- 176793
TI  - Equine herpesvirus in vivo: cyclic production of a DNA density variant with
      repetitive sequences.

PMID- 176794
TI  - Cell-free synthesis of equine herpesvirus type 3 nucleocapsid polypeptides.

PMID- 176795
TI  - The spectrum of virus resistance of a KB cell strain resistant to diphtheria
      toxin.

PMID- 176796
TI  - Properties of two distinct classes of leukemia viruses induced from C3H mouse
      cells.

PMID- 176797
TI  - Electron microscopic study of the development of herpesvirus saimiri.

PMID- 176798
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin B on herpes simplex virus type 1 replication.

PMID- 176799
TI  - Observations on the purification of polyoma virus: effect of chymotrypsin.

PMID- 176800
TI  - Partial elimination of latent Epstein-Barr virus genomes from virus-producing
      cells by cyclohexamide.

PMID- 176801
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of Mengo
      virus.

PMID- 176802
TI  - Gene activation by transfer of isolated mammalian chromosomes. II. Activation of
      simian virus 40 by transfer of fractionated chromosomes from transformed cells.

PMID- 176803
TI  - Transformation-defective mutants of avian sarcoma viruses: the genetic
      relationship between conditional and nonconditional mutants.

PMID- 176804
TI  - Expression of Epstein-Barr-virus-associated membrane antigen in Raji cells
      superinfected with two different virus strains.

PMID- 176805
TI  - Transformation of hamster embryo cells by defective polyoma virus DNA.

PMID- 176806
TI  - Cellular fatty acids during fowlpox virus infection of three different host
      systems.

PMID- 176807
TI  - Effect of infection with enveloped viruses on nucleotide metabolism.

PMID- 176808
TI  - Inhibition of the production of infectious herpes simplex virus by clofibrate.

PMID- 176809
TI  - Extrinsic labeling of MuMTV with a galactose oxidase-tritiated borohydride
      method.

PMID- 176810
TI  - Induction of DNA Polymerase in WI-38 and guinea pig cells infected with human
      cytomegalovirus (HCMV).

PMID- 176811
TI  - Tumorigenicity and the quantity of virus DNA in polyoma-transformed and revertant
      cell lines.

PMID- 176812
TI  - Infectivity of visna virus DNA.

PMID- 176813
TI  - Cell division requirement for activation of murine leukemia virus in cell culture
      by irradiation.

PMID- 176814
TI  - The absence of one class of virus-induced protein in arginine-deprived cells
      infected with pig herpesvirus.

PMID- 176815
TI  - RNA and proteins of the Kirsten sarcoma-xenotropic leukemia virus complex
      propagated in rat and duck cells.

PMID- 176817
TI  - [Age-related neuromorphological changes of the peripheral nerve at different
      levels of the lumbosacral region].

PMID- 176816
TI  - [The effect of megavolt radiation therapy on glioblastoma multiforme].
AB  - The paper deals with morphological changes in glioblastoma multiforme following
      megavoltage radiotherapy (1.25 and 25 MeV). Both tumour cell death and
      glioblastoma multiforme tissue destruction resulted from 6,000-7,500 rads
      megavoltage irradiation. Depending upon the time following irradiation the
      histological study showed the prevalance of either acute aseptic inflammation, or
      coagulation necrosis, or degenerative changes leading to the formation of glial
      and connective tissue scars and dystrophic calcification. Glioblastoma
      multiforme, rich in cell elements with hyperchromatic nuclei and having a high
      mitotic activity, proved to be the most radiosensitive tumour. The highest
      radioresistance was noted in tumours with a tendency to haemorrhages and
      necroses.

PMID- 176818
TI  - [Viral etiology of gastroenteritis].

PMID- 176819
TI  - [Synthesis of virus-specific macromolecules and virion maturation in chick embryo
      cells infected with Sendai virus].
AB  - Synthesis and accumulation of virus-specific RNA, proteins and intracellular
      nucleocapsids are observed in Sendai virus-infected chick embryo cells for
      approximately 2 days postinfection. However, only an insignificant part of these
      products leaves the cell as a result of maturation of virus particles. It is
      suggested that the cause of the ineffective maturation of virions in the system
      under study may be in the observed instability of one of virus structural
      proteins in the infected cells, M protein. Some other suggestions on the
      mechanisms of nonpermissiveness of paramyxovirus systems expressed in literature
      earlier are also discussed.

PMID- 176820
TI  - [Protein metabolism in chick embryo cells infected with Sendai virus].
AB  - Inocluation of chick fibroblasts with Sendai virus results in a significant
      increase of protein synthesis. In cytoplasmic extracts of infected cells the
      content of polyribosomes increased and that of free (nontranslating) 80S
      ribosomes decreased, the "additional" polysomes of the infected cells being
      involved in protein synthesis. The portion of virus-specific protein synthesis in
      the infected cells was about 40% of the total protein synthesis. This means that
      with the total increase of protein synthesis 2-fold and (in some experiments)
      higher, the summary synthesis of cell proteins proper is not inhibited (possibly,
      it is slightly increased). Quite effective synthesis of virus-specific proteins
      for a comparatively long period after infection and ineffective maturation of
      virions eventually lead to a rather considerable accumulation of virus-specific
      proteins in the infected cells. The total content of protein in samples prepared
      2 days after infection is approximately 1-1/2 as high as in uninfected samples.

PMID- 176821
TI  - [Identification of a hemadsorbing agent discovered in uninfected mouse L cell
      cultures and also the same cultures chronically infected with Sindbis virus].
AB  - Electron microscope examinations of continuous lines of mouse L cells, both
      uninfected (L-init) and chronically infected with Sindbis virus (L-SV) revealed
      accumulations of ribonucleoprotein strands and virions corresponding by their
      parameters to paramyxoviruses in the cytoplasms of the cells. Further studies
      showed L-init and L-SV cell lines to have a manifest hemadsorption effect which
      could be completely inhibited by antiserum to parainfluenza SV5 virus.
      Immunofluorescence procedures detected intensive fluorescence in the cytoplasm of
      these cells which was observed only after treatment of the cells with antiserum
      to SV5 virus. In response to inoculation of cell homogenates of continuous L-init
      and L-SV cultures guinea pigs developed antihemagglutinating antibody to simian
      parainfluenza SV5 virus. On the basis of these results it may be assumed that
      virus-specific structures and viruses identical by their parameters to
      paramyxoviruses observed in electron microscope examinations of continuous mouse
      L-init and L-SV cells are simian parainfluenza SV5 virus.

PMID- 176822
TI  - [Variants of parainfluenza type 2 viruses].
AB  - A comparative study of the antigenic and biological properties of parainfluenza
      type 2 viruses revealed the existence of two variants among them. The first
      variant includes strains isolated up to 1965 inclusive, the 2nd those isolated in
      1966--1974. The strains of the 2nd variant are characterized by poor interaction
      with antibody in immune sera to the reference virus which appears to be due to a
      loss of one of the antigens in them. Besides, they have comparatively low
      immunogenicity and the hemagglutinating activity and higher sensitivity to
      inhibitors. The paper emphasized the necessity of using immune sera to strains
      isolated in recent years, in addition to reference sera, for identification of
      new isolated of parainfluenza type 2 virus.

PMID- 176823
TI  - [Recognition of influenza and other acute respiratory virus infections and their
      combinations by means of immunofluorescence].
AB  - The results of postmortem examinations performed in 237 fatal cases of influenza
      and other acute respiratory diseases are presented. In smears of organs and
      tissue culture cells infected with these materials and heart blood the
      immunofluorescent procedure detected influenza virus antigens in 67% of the
      cases, antigens of other respiratory viruses in 53% including 18-19% of mixed
      infections. Parallel immunofluorescent studies in living patients and isolation
      of influenza virus and adenoviruses increased per cent of influenza case
      confirmation to 82%, other respiratory infections to 63%. Mixed infection was
      recorded in 22-28%. Antigens of influenza and parainfluenza viruses were more
      frequently found in smears of bronchi and trachea, antigens of respiratory
      syncytial virus and adenovirus in lung smears. Adenovirus antigen was also found
      in lymphoid cells of smears of the spleen, bronchial lymph node, tonsils. In
      immunofluorescent examinations of tissue cultures infected with the heart blood,
      virus antigen was detected most frequently in influenza and adenovirus infection
      (24% and 26% of cases, respectively), less frequently in respiratory syncytial
      virus infection (11%) and parainfluenza (5%). Virus antigens were also
      demonstrated in tissue culture cells infected with specimens of the liver,
      spleen, bronchial lymph node, tonsils, brain. The immunofluorescent studies
      demonstrated long-term persistence of virus antigens in the body. In a portion of
      cases of laboratory confirmed mixed infection there were no clinical
      morphological signs of two virus diseases. In these, one of the infections was
      latent or was due to a previously experienced disease.

PMID- 176824
TI  - [Study of the population composition of the Rous sarcoma virus Carr-Zilber
      strain].
AB  - The population composition of the Carr-Zilber high titer (HT) strain of Rous
      sarcoma virus (C-Z-RSV) was analysed with regard to 2 features: the capacity to
      impart oncogenicity for syngeneic recipients to infected but untransformed
      cultures of mouse embryo tissue (MET), and oncogenicity for mice. With regard to
      these features the C-Z-RSV (HT) strain was found to be heterogenic and to consist
      of particles of at least two types: non-oncogenic for mice and incapable of
      causing early malignization of MET, and oncogenic for mice and causing early
      malignization.

PMID- 176825
TI  - [Sensitivity of normal and Rous virus-transformed lines of Armenian hamster cells
      to infectious viruses].
AB  - The capacity of normal (NHET) and Rous virus-transformed cell line of armenian
      hamster both producing (SHET Sh-R) and not producing (SHET K-3) virus to support
      reproduction of vaccinia and Newcastle disease viruses was demonstrated. The
      former of these viruses replicated in the cell cultures with cytopathic effect,
      the latter did so without causing cell degeneration. The degree of Newcastle
      disease virus reproduction in all 3 cultures was the same whereas vaccinia virus
      synthesis in SHET Sh-R was inhibited as compared with NHET and SHET K-3 cultures.
      Interference between Rous virus and vaccinia virus in SHET Sh-R culture was not
      due to interferon. The infectious viruses under study caused no activation of
      Rous virus genome in the virogenic SHET K-3 cell line.

PMID- 176826
TI  - [Lipid composition of cellular systems following viral infection of the upper
      respiratory tract. II. Determination of the content of total lipids,
      phospholipids and neutral lipids in cells infected with respiratory viruses].

PMID- 176827
TI  - [Lipid composition of cellular systems following respiratory virus infection.
      III. Determination of fatty acid composition by gas chromatography].

PMID- 176828
TI  - Choriocarcinoma and gestational trophoblastic disease.

PMID- 176829
TI  - [Cytomegalovirus disease in the course of histiocytosis X (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].
AB  - A 3 1/2 year-old boy was treated with cytostatic drugs for progressive
      histiocytosis X. 9 months later he acquired cytomegalovirus disease, the
      diagnosis being proven by liver biopsy. The causal relationship of
      immunosuppressive side effects of the treatment and this cytomegalovirus
      infection is discussed.

PMID- 176830
TI  - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism: investigations of the serum parathyroid hormone level,
      pte resistance and urinary camp excretion before and during vitamin d treatment
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a hereditary disorder with typical dysmorphic
      signs, oligophrenia and clinical and laboratory signs of hypoparathyroidism,
      which is resistant to parathyroid extract (PTE). Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
      (PPHP) is a genetically identical, partial form of PHP without
      hypoparathyroidism. Many hypotheses exist to explain the pathogenesis of these
      disorders: Albright and coworkers first demonstrated the PHP is caused by an
      inability of the renal tubules to respond to parathyroid hormone (PTH). Later
      hypotheses proposed a general defect in phosphorus transport, defects in the
      synthesis of PTH, the existence of antibodies to this hormone or
      hyperthyrocalcitonism. The possibility of measuring PTH in the peripheral serum
      by radioimmunoassay and improved knowledge of the role of cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate (cAMP) as a mediator of the action of PTH were necessary to explain
      the pathogenesis of PHP and PPHP. Three children suffering from PHP and two
      adults with PPHP were investigated as follows: measurements of PTH in the
      peripheral serum; assays of PTH levels during artificial hypercalcaemia; serial
      assays of calcium, phosphorus and PTH levels during vitamin D treatment; changes
      in the Ellsworth-Howard tests indicative of PTE resistance during vitamin D
      treatment and measurements of urinary cAMP excretion before and during vitamin D
      therapy. The following results were obtained: Secondary hyperparathyroidism in
      PHP, which could be suppressed by hypercalcaemia; normal levels of PTH in PPHP;
      normalization of serum calcium, phosphorus and PTE during treatment with vitamin
      D; abnormally low basal levels of cAMP in PHP, which could not be stimulated by
      PTE either before or during vitamin D treatment. The results of these
      investigations confirm Albright's hypothesis of endorgan resistance to PTH in
      PHP. This is caused by the inability of the PTH-sensitive adenylcyclase-system to
      mediate the action of PTH on its target cells. This is responsible for the
      distrubances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism and for secondary
      hyperparathyroidism. While this mediatorial defect seems to be total or almost
      total in PHP, a partial defect has to be assumed in PPHP.

PMID- 176831
TI  - [Studies of tryptophan metabolism of streptomycetes. IV. Studies of the
      inhibition of enzyme of tryptophan metabolism].

PMID- 176833
TI  - [Wilm's tumor as the cause of acute abdomen in children].

PMID- 176832
TI  - [Infectious mononucleosis. 1. Etiology, pathology, pathophysiology and
      epidemiology].

PMID- 176834
TI  - [Immunological processes with contraceptive effect from an andrological
      viewpoint].

PMID- 176835
TI  - [Absence of teratogenic and carcinogenic effects of SV 40-virus in BD-IX rats on
      application during pregnancy. (author's transl)].

PMID- 176836
TI  - Histochemistry and histoenzymology of the hydatid cyst (Echinococcus granulosus
      Batsch, 1786). I. The germinal membrane.
AB  - Healthy germinal membranes of hydatid cysts from lungs of human and bovine
      sources were dissected and isolated for histochemical and histoenzymatic
      research. These techniques were performed in frozen sections and pieces of the
      whole membrane. Enzymatic research showed that the germinal membrane presents
      highly differentiated metabolic areas. These areas were topographically related
      with the origin and insertion of brood capsules, having differentiated structures
      for metabolic interchange with scolices. Taking our data into account it may be
      suggested that this functional differentiation could be transitory and variable
      for all the membrane surface. The accumulation of lipids and enzymes such as
      simple estarase, lipase, beta-HDH, alpha-GDH and NADPH-reductase in those areas,
      suggests that lipids are not a simple excretory product. This distribution
      probably implies that lipid metabolism or its resultant products are important in
      development and growth of scolices. In that sense other authors' findings and
      hypothesis about the possible existence of an endocrine system of the parasite,
      are considered. This idea being demonstrated in further researches, the lipid
      metabolic pathways shall bring a good pharmacological approach to the
      interference with parasite development.

PMID- 176837
TI  - Freeze-etching observations of trophozoites of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica.
AB  - Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites were studied by the freeze-etching
      (FE) technique of electron microscopy. Surface replicas of intact cell membranes
      were highly convoluted with numerous invaginations, evaginations, and
      undulations. Sperical depressions and elevations varying from 0.5 mu to 1.0 mu in
      diameter were commonly present on the external cell membrane and appeared to
      represent an extracellular secretory mechanism of trophozoites. Cleaved surfaces
      of amebae exhibited a granular and lumpy cytoplasm in which there were many
      vesicles and vacuoles that ranged in diameter from 0.2 mu to 9.0 mu. Some
      vacuoles contained tightly enveloped bacteria, while others contained bacteria
      and host cytocomponents. Occasional vesicles and vacuoles appeared to be fused to
      each other. Replicas of FE nucleus were enclosed by double nuclear membranes
      which were fenestrated by numerous sperical pores measuring approximately 640 A
      in diameter and spaced at intervals of 650 A. Counts of nuclear pores were
      possible and indicated 35 pores per square micron on the nuclear envelope. Golgi
      apparatus, mitochondria and well formed endoplasmic reticulum were absent in FE
      replicas. This was in agreement with electron microscope observations on thin
      sections previously reported by other investigators.

PMID- 176838
TI  - Recent progress in breast cancer: the value of estrogen receptor assays in
      predicting response to endocrine therapy.

PMID- 176839
TI  - [Dynamics of the activity of some oxidation-reduction enzymes in the blood of
      patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 176840
TI  - [Relation between cytochrome oxidase activity of gonococcal cultures and the
      penicillin sensitivity and age of the cultures].

PMID- 176841
TI  - [Study of the behavior of poliomyelitis virus type 1 in diffrerent hydrous media
      (author's transl)].
AB  - After having analyzed several surveys on natural inactivation of viruses in
      water, the authors have attempted to determine the survival life of poliomyelitis
      virus type 1 in hydrous medium, of known composition, well-buffered and devoid of
      any bacterial contamination on the one hand, and on the other hand, in a similar
      medium with addition of organic humate-type substances. The experiment was
      carried out at 4 degrees C and at laboratory room temperature (18 degrees C-24
      degrees C). Results tend to confirm that the presence of humate-type substances
      seems to have no significant influence on the development of poliomyelitis virus
      type 1. Moreover, under the experimental conditions used, the survival life of
      the virus is much longer than the one previously described. It represents an
      average of 296 days for a storage temperature of 18 degrees C-24 degrees C. It is
      longer in water kept at 4 degrees C; in fact, according to statistical
      calculations and to titrations carried out over a period of 550 days, the total
      disappearance of the virus was detected only after a period of 10 to 15 years.

PMID- 176842
TI  - [Cytomegalovirus antibodies in the pregnant female and in the newborn infant
      complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination tests (author's transl)].
AB  - 705 paired sera from mother and infant have been studied at the time of the child
      birth for the presence of cytomegalovirus antibodies by complement-fixation and
      indirect hemagglutination tests. 51.3% of those sera were found to have CF
      antibodies, and 72.8% to have HA antibodies. The indirect hemagglutination test
      is a more sensitive reaction and detects also IgM antibodies. Chosen sera were
      fractionated and searched for IgM-HA antibodies to detect CMV congenital
      infections; only one child was found to be positive. The number of mothers having
      been in contact with cytomegalovirus was 82.7% (having CF or HA antibodies or
      both). Immigrant were found to be more often positive than native women (94.3% vs
      76.1%); this difference was even greater when CF antibodies alone were considered
      (74.6% vs 37.7%). Depending on age groups of mothers, the increased number of
      positives found in CF test was not noticed in HA test.

PMID- 176843
TI  - [Application of a demographic method for the study of adenoviruses and
      herpesviruses in a closed infantile community (author's transl)].
AB  - Rate of seroconversions to adenoviruses, cytomegaloviruses (CMV) and Epstein-Barr
      virus (EBV) was studied from 1965-1973 in 200 infants living in a closed
      infantile community. The transversal demographic table method was used to
      evaluate the results of sera examined. Seroconversion occurs earlier in the case
      of adenoviruses with also possess in higher intensity of infection. The intensity
      of seroconversions to EBV capsid antigen is a little lower, but of all three
      viruses examined, the spreading of infection is the slowest. On the other hand,
      seroconversion to CMV occurs earlier than EBV capsid antigen, but intensity of
      infection by this virus is lowest.

PMID- 176844
TI  - [The potentiating effects of azathioprine and azapropazone on the enzyme activity
      in experimental inflammation].
AB  - The influence of prednisolone, azathioprine, and azapropazone on the activity of
      collagen peptidase, acid phosphatase (complete), and the lactate dehydrogenase of
      granulation tissue was studied using a model of proliferative inflammation i.e.
      the cotton-granuloma in rats. The authors observed significant decreases in the
      activities of the collagen peptidase and acid phosphatase during treatment with
      prednisone and under combined treatment with azathioprine and azapropazone. In
      contrast, administration of either azathioprine or azapropazone by itself caused
      no changes in these enzyme activities as compared with a control group. These
      studies suggest that the last mentioned drugs potentiate each other in their
      inhibiting effect upon these enzyme activities. Whether or not these findings are
      of importance in the clinical treatment of chronic bacterial inflammations must
      be studied in further trials.

PMID- 176845
TI  - [Virucidal activity of the disinfectant "gigasept" against different enveloped
      and non-enveloped RNA-and DNA-viruses, pathogenic for men. I. Investigation in
      the suspension test (author's transl)].
AB  - "Gigasept" is a highly efficient chemical disinfectant on the basis of succine
      dialdehyde and form aldehyde. The virucidal capacity was assayed in the
      suspension test procedure with different representative RNA and DNA viruses with
      and without an envelope, such as polio wild virus type I, coxsackie virus type B
      3, adeno virus type 3, herpes virus type ) and vaccinia virus. Parameter for
      disinfectant activity was the virus inactivation kinetic, i. e. interdependence
      of titer reduction vs. disinfectant concentration and disinfectant contact time.
      A "minimal disinfection" was defined as a greater than or equal to 99.9% virus
      inactivation. A "disinfection per definitionem" must gain a titer reduction of
      greater than or equal to 10(3) ID 50 and absence of virus. According to these
      criteria all virus strains were inactivated by Gigasept regardless of absence or
      presence of serum, which was tested in a concentration of 40% calf serum.
      Disinfection per definitionem was achieved with Gigasept concentrations of 3%
      after 60 min. or 5% after 30 min. except for enteroviruses. This group of viruses
      has to be disinfected with a 10% solution for 4 hours or with a 5% solution
      overnight. Gigasept, on the basis of these results, can be classified as a highly
      effective virucidal disinfectant. As to the hepatitis virus group however, no
      data so far are available. An enterovirus - disinfection procedure is recommended
      in hepatitis risk areas, as long as test systems for hepatitis viruses are not
      developed.

PMID- 176846
TI  - [Developmental stages of Herpesvirus-equi-1 in nasal mucosa cells].

PMID- 176847
TI  - [Glycogen content and the activity of glycogen synthetase in the brain under the
      effect of cyclic AMP and psychotropic drugs].

PMID- 176848
TI  - [Immunogenic properties of Cl. perfringens anatoxins obtained from purified
      toxins].

PMID- 176849
TI  - [Drying of pertussis microbes from the frozen state. III. The influence of
      freezing conditions, drying and restoration from the dried state on the viability
      and biological properties of the pertussis microbe].

PMID- 176850
TI  - [The relationship between the mechanisms of transmission and the pathogenesis of
      respiratory viral infections].

PMID- 176851
TI  - [Method of determinating the protective capacity of C1. perfringens toxoid].
AB  - The authors describe a model of experimental gas gangrene in guinea pigs; it was
      produced by the administration of the vegetative form of C. perfringens; the
      cells were completely washed of the lethal toxin and no toxic or necrotizing
      agents were added. A possibility of development of gangrenous process without any
      preliminary depression of the resistance of body tissues in the area of injection
      of the causative agent was revealed. Apart from the local process and general
      intoxication gas gangrene, caused by intramuscular injection of C1. perfringens
      to guinea pigs, was accompanied by bacteriemia and microbial contamination of the
      internal organs. A method of the animal infection was ascertained and the causes
      of their death was assessed. The method is recommended for determination of the
      immunological efficacy of C1. perfringens toxoids.

PMID- 176852
TI  - [Changes in the stability of cholesterol binding to serum proteins and vascular
      immunologic reactivity in cerebral atherosclerosis].

PMID- 176853
TI  - [Several cytochemical indices of the leukocytes of patients with cerebral
      circulatory disorders].

PMID- 176854
TI  - [Restoration of the automatic contractile activity of K+-arrested heart muscle
      cells in culture by means of dibutyryl-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate].
AB  - Cultured myocardial cells of new-born rats which were arrested by 17.6-37.6 mM
      KCl regained their ability to contract spontaneously after perfusion with 8-10(
      4)-4-10(-3) M dibutyryl cyclic AMP. This adrenaline-like action of DbcAMP is
      compatible with the notion that cyclic AMP is involved as a second messenger in
      the action of cyclic AMP-raising adrenergic agents on cardiac activity.

PMID- 176855
TI  - Biogenesis of corticosteroids in monolayer cultures of human foetal adrenal
      cells.
AB  - Human foetal adrenal cells were grown in monolayer culture and their
      steroidogenic capacity observed for up to a month. The cells produced a complex
      array of steroids and some of their ester sulphates from endogenous as well as
      from [14C] and [3H] precursors. ACTH stimulated  corticoidogenesis, particularly
      cortisol secretion, and markedly enhanced the incorporation of progesterone and
      pregnenolone into cortisol. Following incubation with the same precursors, large
      amounts of radioactivity remained water soluble. From the butanol extractable
      material of this fraction, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate was characterized as
      the main metabolite of pregnenolone and corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone
      sulphates as the main metabolites of progesterone. With time in culture there was
      a decrease in steroidogenesis as well as a steady decline in responsiveness to
      ACTH, mainly manifested by cortisol secretion. The medium from homologous foetal
      pituitary cultures stimulated cortisol production by the human adrenal cell
      monolayer.

PMID- 176856
TI  - Utilization of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate for oestrogen production
      by pregnant baboons (Papio papio).
AB  - The effect of varying maternal circulating 3beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one (D)
      and its sulphate (DS) on urinary oestrogen (Oe) excretion by baboons was
      determined between 65 and 174 days gestation (term = 184 days). Oe (mainly
      oestrone) was determined by radioimmunoassay after enzymic hydrolysis of
      conjugates. Increments in Oe were estimated from the difference between Oe during
      5 days pre- and post-treatment. Oestradiol-17beta (5 mg in 5.0 ml saline-ethanol,
      1:1) administered iv increased (P less than 0.001) Oe by 2.46 +/- 0.71, 7 (mean,
      mg +/- SD, number of experiments). The response to 100 mg D (3.20 +/- 1.50, 7)
      was greater (P less than 0.001) than that due to 100 mg DS (0.03 +/- 0.75, 7).
      The response to DS was not different from that due to saline-ethanol alone (-0.05
      +/- 0.27, 5). Betamethasone (9alpha-fluoro-11beta,17,21-trihydroxy-16beta-methyl
      1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione) administration (3 mg bi-daily, im) caused an
      approximately 90% reduction in Oe within 4 days. In animals treated chronically
      with betamethasone the response due to 100 mg D (2.74 +/- 1.04, 5) was again
      greater (P less than 0.001) that that due to 100 mg DS (0.10 +/- 0.09, 5). ACTH
      (8 U or 40 U, im, N = 11) produced a variable but not significant mean change in
      Oe at either dose level. Metyrapone (300 mg every 4 h for 6 doses) increased (P
      less than 0.005) Oe (0.77 +/- 0.48, 5). It is concluded that in normal pregnant
      animals and those treated with betamethasone, in which endogenous levels of D and
      DS are presumably reduced, D is preferentially used over DS for oestrogen
      produced. Variations in DS availability do not produce marked changes in
      oestrogen production. This suggest that rapid increases in oestrogen production,
      as occur for example close to term, may result from increased availability of D
      rather than DS. The variable responses to ACTH and the increase in Oe following
      metyrapone administration are compatible with significant foetal contributions of
      oestrogen precursors, the production of which is under ACTH control.

PMID- 176857
TI  - Effect of prolactin, growth hormone and insulin on the uptake and binding of
      dihydrotestosterone to the cultured rat ventral prostate.
AB  - The effects of prolactin, growth hormone and insulin on the total uptake and
      specific binding of tritiated dihydrotestosterone in the cultured rat ventral
      prostate were examined. In similiar conditions prolactin and insulin act
      synergistically with testosterone on the macromolecule synthesis of the prostate,
      but have no effect on the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. The
      total uptake of tritiated dihydrotestosterone to the tissues was slightly, but
      not statistically significantly, increased by prolactin, insulin and growth
      hormone. The majority of the radioactive dihydrotestosterone in the tissue was in
      free form or very loosely bound. None of these three hormones altered the binding
      of tritiated dihydrostestosterone to the cytoplasmic receptors. Non-radioactive
      dihydrotestosterone, cyproterone and cyproterone acetate in 1000 fold excess
      strongly decreased the binding of tritiated dihydrotestosterone to the
      cytoplasmic reseptors and to the nuclei. That part of the binding, which was
      inhibited by the hormones was considered to represent the specific binding to the
      receptors. Insulin stimulated both the specific and the unspecific uptake of
      dihydrostestosterone to the nuclei. Prolactin only stimulated the specific uptake
      to the nuclei while growth hormone had no effect. Autoradiography of the nuclear
      fraction indicated a firm binding of tritiated dihydrotestosterone to the nuclei.
      The radioactivity of the other contaminating cell components in this fraction
      appeared to be negligible.

PMID- 176858
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis in a patient with Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - The case is presented of a patient, treated for Hodgkin's disease, who contracted
      infectious mononucleosis more than 3 years later. While Epstein-Barr virus has
      been considered a possible etiologic factor in Hodgkin's disease, the sequence of
      events reported in this case has to be interpreted as evidence against a causal
      relationship between the virus and Hodgkin's disease in this patient.

PMID- 176859
TI  - Cytochemical leukocyte reactions in normal children.
AB  - Five cytochemical reactions in current use (MPO, PAS, LAP, SB and EST) were
      operated on 180 children aged 1 month to 6 years, divided into three age groups
      (less than 12 months, 1-3 years and 3-6 years). No significant differences are
      apparent from one group to another, and the mean values are identical with those
      of adults. On the other hand, certain variations are evident in comparison with
      the scores of newborn children: important decrease in LAP, increase in SB, EST
      and PAS. These tests should be done in investigations of inborn metabolic errors,
      chromosome anomalies, blood diseases, and defects in defense mechanisms.

PMID- 176860
TI  - Malignant mixed tumor of the liver: report of a case and a review of the
      literature.
AB  - Malignant mixed tumor of the liver seen in a 4 year old girl was reported.
      Progressive hepatomegaly, jaundice, anemia, and extraordinarily high level of
      serum total cholesterol were noted clinically. Postmortem examination had
      disclosed that most part of the tumor was occupied by fibrosarcomatous cell
      growth admixed with rhabdomyosarcomatous component. In addition, carcinomatous
      component was distinctly recognized in a restricted part of the liver tumor.
      Previous reports on malignant mixed tumor of the liver were reviewed and it was
      emphasized that the histological diagnosis of malignant hepatic mixed tumor must
      be cautiously followed Edmondson's criteria; which requires existence of both
      epithelial and mesenchymal components of neoplastic nature and malignancy of
      either or both components in a hepatic tumor.

PMID- 176861
TI  - Hormone-induced diarrhea in man.
AB  - In a healthy subject infusions of either secretion or glucagon caused no
      diarrhea. A combinations of gastrin and glucagon induced severe watery diarrhea
      immediately after the end of the 3 hour infusion. No diarrhea occurred from the
      combination of secretin and gastrin.

PMID- 176862
TI  - Proceedings: Changes in cyclic AMP and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase during sleep
      deprivation.

PMID- 176863
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of prothiaden on cyclic AMP level in thrombocytes.

PMID- 176864
TI  - SV 40 related papova-viruses in human meningiomas.
AB  - Human meningiomas show characteristic chromosome aberrations very similar to
      those reported in human cell cultures experimentally transformed by Simian virus
      40 (SV 40). Three out of eight meningiomas tested showed SV 40 specific tumor
      antigen but no virus capsid antigen. Experiments to rescue virus were
      successfully performed. Electron microscopic studies of these cell cultures
      revealed cytoplasmic inclusions containing virus particles which corresponded in
      size and morphology to Papova viruses.

PMID- 176865
TI  - Further observations on the effects of lead implantation in rat brains.
AB  - Lead pellets were implanted into the forebrains of adult rats. Various
      cytoplasmic inclusions were found in macrophages, astrocytes, pericytes and
      microglia. Certain macrophages and reactive astrocytes displayed intranuclear
      inclusions as well. The hypothalamus, in some of the animals, showed sponginess
      which proved to be the result of swollen axons.

PMID- 176866
TI  - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in protein-calorie malnutrition.
AB  - Plasma triglycerides, phospholipids and total cholesterol estimations and
      lipoprotein electrophoresis on agarose gel were done in control, Kwashiorkor, and
      marasmic kwashiorkor children. The beta lipoprotein percentage in both conditions
      is reduced to a statistically significant extent, whereas there is a
      statistically significant increase in plasma triglycerides in both conditions.
      Pre-beta fraction was present in all cases, and even increased in marasmic
      kwashiorkor, which is found to be significant. The results do not support the
      hypothesis that fatty liver in kwashiorkor is due to impaired release of
      triglycerides from liver.

PMID- 176867
TI  - Two cases of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency.
AB  - Two children are described who suffered from hypoglycemia and liver impairment.
      Assays of gluconeogenic enzymes in liver samples taken immediately after death
      demonstrated a deficiency of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a key enzyme of
      gluconeogenesis. Post mortem examination demonstrated massive fat deposition in
      liver and kidney and to a lesser extent in other tissues. The fatty changes in
      liver and kidney could be explained by the absence of phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase, which would cause an alteration in the mitochondrial-cytosolic
      processes related to gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 176868
TI  - Effects of viral and mycoplasma infections on ultrastructure and enzyme
      activities in human skeletal muscle.
AB  - The effect on skeletal muscle of acute viral and mycoplasma infections in
      thirteen men of ages ranging between 20-42 years has been studied. Comparisons
      are made with eight healthy men in the age group 22-29 years who were confined to
      bed for periods of time of lengths similar to the confinement to bed of the
      patients. Muscle samples were taken from the thigh. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      (triosephosphate) dehydrogenase (TPD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate
      synthetase (CS) and cytochrome oxidase (cytox) activities were measured and the
      ultrastructure of the muscle specimens was studied by electron microscopy.
      Immobilization of the healthy persons induced decreased activities of CS, but
      those of TPD, LDH and cytox remained unaffected. Return to normal life restored
      the CS activity. The activities of the four enzymes were lower in the patients
      than in the healthy subjects after immobilization. During normal life, the
      activities slowly rose to levels as those seen in the healthy subjects. In
      connection with the acute disease, focal ultrastructural changes within the
      muscle were found. The changes were similar to those reported to occur in other,
      more specific muscle diseases.

PMID- 176869
TI  - Specificity of hormonal responsiveness in vitro. Effect of sex steroids on non
      malignant rat cells compared with the effect on cells from rat tumours.
AB  - Since mammary tumours and sarcomas in the rat both have been shown to be
      sensitive to steroid hormone in vitro, a search for a non-steroid sensitive rat
      tissue was made. Neonatal cerebellar medulloblasts in the rat did not respond to
      high concentrations of steroids if cultured as organ culture. The relevance of
      this finding to the specificity of steroid response assays in vitro is discussed.

PMID- 176870
TI  - Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in cultured minimal deviations hepatoma
      7288 C cells.
AB  - Minimal Deviation Hepatoma 7288 C cells were cultured in confluent layer with
      labeled linoleic, alpha-linolenic, eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic and stearic acids. The
      cells in culture preserved their ability to convert stearic acid to oleic acid.
      They also synthesized arachidonic acid from linoleic acid or eicosa-8,11,14
      trienoic acid. The conversion was very low with linoleic acid and high with
      eicosatrienoic acid. Eicosapentaenoic acid and other homologs of the alpha
      linolenic acid family were synthesized from alpha-linolenic acid. The
      biosynthetic patterns were the cells was modified by the fatty acid composition
      of the media.

PMID- 176872
TI  - Protein synthesis in adrenal mitochondrial and post-mitochondrial fractions of
      ACTH-treated rats.
AB  - Short and prolonged administration of ACTH was used to study the effects of the
      hormone on protein synthesis in two subcellular fractions obtained from rat
      adrenals incubated in the presence of a (14C)-labelled amino acid mixture. Acute
      treatment with ACTH produced an increased labelling of the proteins of the post
      mitochondrial (POST-MIT) fraction only. On the other hand, treatment with ACTH
      for 4-28 days, significantly increased the specific activity of proteins in the
      mitochondrial (MIT) fraction, without change in the radiolabelling of the POST
      MIT fraction. The incorporation of (14C)-labelled amino acids into the proteins
      of the MIT and POST-MIT fractions, from control or ACTH-treated adrenals, was
      reduced by inhibitors of cytoplasmic protein synthesis (puromycin and
      cycloheximide). This suggests that the increased labelling of the MIT fraction
      after prolonged ACTH might be related to a translocation of cytoplasmic proteins
      to the mitochondrion.

PMID- 176871
TI  - Modification of synaptic efficiency, experiments in blatta orientalis.
AB  - The efficiency of synapt ic transmission in a nervous pathway--metathoracic
      ganglia from the cockroach--can be increased by various experimental situations,
      i.e., removal, immobilization or denervation of the forelegs of insects in
      ventral position. Leg immobilization with the insect in supine position by itself
      determines a minor increase which is not enhanced by removal or denervation of
      the forelegs. Under these conditions, the insects are able to hold their antennae
      with a midleg immediately after any of the leg treatments. On the other hand, if
      the insects are allowed to be in ventral position they can hold their antennae
      with a midleg only when they reach the ability to stand on the remaining three
      legs. During the time period needed to acquire this ability, the insects make
      repeated and spontaneous motor effects. The increase in synaptic efficiency
      observed and the achievement of the insect's ability to stand on three legs occur
      at about the same time. These observations suggest that the self-training
      determines the synaptic modifications which in turn could be related to the
      "learnt" behavioral reaction.

PMID- 176873
TI  - Disturbances in voluntary recruitment order of low and high frequency motor units
      on blockades of proprioceptive afferent activity.
AB  - The voluntary recruitment order of anterior tibial motor units was studied in
      electromyographic recordings using both low and high impedance electrodes. It was
      shown in previous papers, that the recruitment order in sustained voluntary
      contraction is normally stable and that motor units with low thresholds discharge
      at low, regular frequencies and that motor units with high thresholds discharge
      at higher and more irregular frequencies. In this paper the consequences for the
      discharge properties of reduced afferent inflow in sustained voluntary
      contraction were studied, using partial ischemic or lidocain blockades of the
      muscle nerve and local cooling of the muscle belly. 1. The recruitment order of
      certain low and certain high frequency units was reversed. 2. The muscle tension
      and sense of effort necessary for tonic firing were increased for certain low
      frequency units but decreased for certain high frequency units. 3. On severe
      reduction of the afferent inflow, the differences in discharge pattern between
      low and high frequency units were decreased. It is concluded that the recruitment
      of low frequency units before high frequency units in sustained voluntary
      contraction is partly due to proprioceptive afferent activity favouring low
      frequency units and disfavouring high frequency units. It is also concluded that
      the afferent inflow is involved in restricting certain units to low frequency
      discharge and others to high frequency discharge.

PMID- 176874
TI  - Effects from the vestibulospinal tract on transmission from primary afferents to
      ventral spino-cerebellar tract neurones.
AB  - Convergence of vestibulospinal and segmental effects onto spinal interneurones
      which project to the ventral spino-cerebellar tract (VSCT) neurones has been
      studied by intracellular recording in VSCT cells. The disynaptic Ia IPSPs evoked
      in a group of VSCT neurones from the quadriceps nerve are monosynaptically
      facilitated by the vestibulospinal tract while there was no facilitation of Ia
      IPSP evoked from a flexor nerve. These results support the view that Ia
      inhibition to VSCT cells and motoneurones is mediated by common interneurones.
      The disynaptic inhibition evoked in other VSCT cells from the vestibulospinal
      tract is facilitated by volleys in the contralateral flexor reflex afferents
      (FRA) or bilaterally from the FRA. It is postulated that these actions are
      mediated by collaterals of the interneurones responsible for the analogous
      effects in motoneurones. Findings are reported suggesting that the monosynaptic
      vestibulospinal EPSP in VSCT cells in most cases is collateral to the excitatory
      input to the last order interneurones of reflex pathways from the FRA to
      motoneurones and only exceptionally to the corresponding input to Ia inhibitory
      interneurones. In many VSCT cells the vestibulospinal tract evoked disynaptic
      EPSPs which are facilitated from the FRA; the functional significance of this
      action is uncertain. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that VSCT
      neurones signal information on interneuronal transmission to motoneurones.

PMID- 176875
TI  - Rubrospinal effects on ventral spinocerebellar tract neurones.
AB  - Stimulation of the contralateral red nucleus evoked monosynaptic EPSPs in 14 of
      82 ventral spinocerebellar tract neurones. In some of these cells the
      monosynaptic EPSP was followed by a disynaptic IPSP. The remaining cell
      population received di- or polysynaptic PSPs from the rubrospinal tract, either
      EPSPs or IPSPs or both. Convergence of the rubrospinal tract onto interneurones
      of the segmental pathways projecting to VSCT cells was demonstrated. Rubrospinal
      volleys facilitated disynaptic Ia IPSPs evoked in VSCT neurones from both flexors
      and extensors, as well as disynaptic Ib IPSPs. Facilitation of the Ia
      interneurones was disynaptic whereas facilitation of Ib interneurones was
      monosynaptic. Disynaptic rubrospinal EPSPs and IPSPs were facilitated by volleys
      in ipsi- as well as in contralateral cutaneous and high threshold muscle
      afferents. The complex pattern of projections from the rubrospinal tract onto
      VSCT neurones and the related reflex pathways gives further support to the
      hypothesis that these tract cells convey information on transmission through
      interneurones of the spinal segmental mechanisms.

PMID- 176877
TI  - [Neuroendocrine histopathological findings in post-traumatic apallic syndrome].

PMID- 176876
TI  - A comparative study of the effects of cholestyramine and neomycin in the
      treatment of type II hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - A comparative study of the effects of cholestyramine and neomycin has been
      carried out in 35 patients with severe type II hyperlipoproteinaemia. Both agents
      were administered during a period of 18 weeks, the daily dosages being 12, 16 or
      20 g cholestyramine and 1, 1.5 or 2 g neomycin. The mean decrease in cholesterol
      concentration was 22% with cholestyramine and 23% with neomycin. There was no
      difference in effect between the two agents and between the doses used. No
      significant influence on triglyceride concentration and on body weight was
      observed. No signs of deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins were found.
      Anticoagulant requirements increased during cholestyramine medication. No signs
      of hyperchloraemic acidosis were observed during treatment with colestyramine.
      Cholestyramine was tolerated less well than neomycin: it had to be discontinued
      in 8 cases. Neomycin was not tolerated by 3 patients. The majority of the
      patients preferred neomycin.

PMID- 176878
TI  - A spin-label study of biological membranes with special emphasis on calcium
      induced lateral phase separation.

PMID- 176879
TI  - Uric acid metabolism in man.

PMID- 176880
TI  - Phosphopyridoxal complexes with histamine and histidine. (4) The kinetics of
      complex formation between histidine and pyridoxal 5' -phosphate in the presence
      of bacterial histidine decarboxylase.
AB  - The dynamics of the complex formation between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and
      histidine in the presence of bacterial histidine decarboxylase was examined.
      Since PLP is able to form a cyclic product with histidine and histamine, the
      possibility of complex formation between PLP and histamine formed during a
      decarboxylation reaction was examined too. It was found that the cyclization
      reaction between PLP and histidine is equimolecular and the rate of cyclic
      product formation is not significantly influenced by the presence of enzyme. In
      the presence of bacterial histidine decarboxylase both the cyclization reaction
      and cyclic product formation were observed. Predominance of histamine or cyclic
      product formation was dependent on pH and substrate concentration. In the
      presence of histidine and enzymatic protein, histamine formed during the
      decarboxylation reaction was unable to form a cyclic product with PLP.

PMID- 176881
TI  - Metabolic investigations after xylitol infusion in human subjects.
AB  - Evidence has been sought for minor degrees of thiamin and pyridoxine deficiency
      in patients undergoing surgery who have been infused with xylitol as a parenteral
      nutrient. Some metabolic changes which are associated with this practice have
      been studied; the findings are compared with those obtained in similar patients
      infused with glucose solutions. The thiamin status of all of the subjects was
      normal. Some of the patients showed slight biochemical evidence of pyridoxine
      deficiency, but there were no untoward effects of xylitol infusion. The
      concentration of oxalate in the blood and the excretion of oxalate in the urine
      did not exceed the normal range in any patient. The plasma and urine
      orthophosphate and urinary pyrophosphate levels decreased in association with the
      infusion of both xylitol and glucose. Plasma pyrophosphate and calcium levels,
      and the urinary calcium level, were essentially unaltered. A detailed
      quantitative study of the urinary organic acid excretion by means of gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry showed that there was an abnormal glycolic
      aciduria and tetronic aciduria associated with xylitol infusion, but not with
      glucose infusion. There was no evidence of increased oxalate excretion in any
      patient by this method. The biochemical and clinical significance of these
      findings is discussed.

PMID- 176883
TI  - Light and electron microscopic features of a pituitary adenoma in Nelson's
      syndrome.
AB  - Electron microscopy of an amphophil pituitary adenoma surgically removed from a
      51-year-old woman who had Nelson's syndrome revealed that the tumor was composed
      of melanocorticotroph cells. This finding is consistent with the view that in the
      human pituitary gland one single cell type produces both adrenocorticotropic
      hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). In contrast to the
      ultrastructure of pituitary adenomas associated with Cushing's syndrome, no or
      only very few microfilaments were detected in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells,
      suggesting that adrenocortical steroids are required for the formation of
      microfilaments. The presence or absence of microfilaments in the tumor cells may
      be regarded as a distinguishing ultrastructural feature between Cushing's
      syndrome and Nelson's syndrome. It appears that changes in the level of
      circulating corticoids may affect the ultrastructural features of
      melanocorticotroph cells not only in normal pituitaries but also in
      adenohypophyseal adenomas.

PMID- 176882
TI  - Conditions affecting the biosynthesis of lipids in the small intestine.

PMID- 176884
TI  - Steroid-binding proteins in carcinoma of the human male breast.
AB  - Receptor sites for a group of four steroid hormones were estimated by competitive
      binding assay of a biopsy specimen of carcinoma from a male breast. The results
      indicate that the tissue contained a significant number of binding sites for
      17beta estradiol, and probably for dihydrotestosterone and progesterone, but not
      for testosterone. These preliminary data suggest that, as in the female, certain
      mammary carcinomas in the male may be under the influence of steroid hormones.
      Correlation of such data with responses to therapy may help to establish a more
      rational approach to the treatment of carcinoma of the male breast.

PMID- 176885
TI  - Positive mono-spot test in histiocytic medullary reticulosis.
AB  - A case of rapidly fatal histiocytic medullary reticulosis in which two positive
      mono-spot tests were found is presented. In addition, there was a low liter
      antibody to EB virus. The patient died with a bleeding diathesis terminally.
      Postmortem examinations confirmed the diagnosis of histiocytic medullary
      reticulosis.

PMID- 176886
TI  - Isolation of mycobacteria from clinical specimens by use of selective 7H11
      medium.
AB  - 7H11 agar containing carbenicillin, amphotericin B, polymyxin B and trimethoprim
      lactate (selective 7H11 or S7H11) was used for the selective isolation of
      mycobacteria from clinical specimens. This medium as previously described
      contained 100 mug. carbenicillin per ml. It was found that reducing the
      concentration of carbenicillin to 50 mug. per ml. made S7H11 less inhibitory to
      certain strains of mycobacteria. However, some strains of M. kansaii, M.
      intracellulare, and M. gordonae still do not grow well on S7H11. Of 3,134
      clinical specimens (mostly sputum) received, processed, and plated on 7H11 agar
      and the S7H11 medium, 508 positive specimens were isolated. Of these, 402 were
      positive on both types of media, 30 were positive on 7H11 only, 19 were positive
      on S7H11 only, 52 were contaminated on 7H11 but positive on S7H11, while only 5
      were contaminated on S7H11 and positive on the plain medium. Thus, the total
      positive specimens on 7H11 was 437 and total positive specimens on the selective
      medium was 473. Used in conjunction with nonselective media, S7H11 agar appears
      to be a valuable culture medium for used in diagnostic mycobacteriology
      laboratories.

PMID- 176887
TI  - Is a rhinovirus vaccine possible?
AB  - Renewal of support for efforts to develop a rhinovirus vaccine seems justified in
      the light of newer epidemiologic and immunologic studies. The major contribution
      of RV to acute upper respiratory disease in all age groups but especially in
      young children emphasizes the public health importance of an effective vaccine.
      Epidemiologic surveillance of RV infections in widely separated areas has
      identified two relevant phenomena. First, in each area, certain serotypes were
      more frequently encountered and tended to persist. Such "common" serotypes
      accounted for a disproportionate share of the infections recognized and, hence,
      constitute special targets for immunization. Second, a clear increase over time
      in the proportion of RV isolates representing higher numbered (types 56-89)
      serotypes or untypable strains (potentially new serotypes) suggests that new
      serotypes continue to emerge as the result of progressive antigenic shift. The
      common origin of the multitudinous RV serotypes so suggested is consistent with
      the extensive antigenic cross-relations which are becoming evident. Systematic
      cross-testing with monospecific antisera, especially when high titer sera are
      employed, has revealed an appreciable number of one-way and reciprocal relations.
      Largely fortuitous observations of naturally or experimentally infected humans
      have revealed many additional cross-relations manifested by concurrent response
      to heterologous RV and presumably attributable to sensitizations resulting from
      prior RV infections. A model for this has been provided by rabbits immunized
      sequentially with different potent RV immunogens. Available information as
      displayed in figure 2 indicates that extensive cross-relations do exist and that
      sizeable groups of closely related serotypes may be identified. More intensive
      search for heterotypic response to infection of man coupled with selective use of
      the rabbit model should define the full extent and strength of cross-relations
      and identify completely the more closely related groups of serotypes as the basis
      for formulation of a broadly effective RV vaccine containing a limited number of
      serotypes. The cross-relations described are based entirely on development of
      serum neutralizing antibody, the presence of which in man is clearly correlated
      with relative protection against infection and disease. While this protection may
      well prove to be mediated largely by concomitant nasal secretory antibody, it is
      not unreasonable to expect that the antigenic cross-relations also would be
      manifested in secretory antibody response. These important questions concerning
      secretory antibody can be best explored in a limited series of volunteer trials
      with selected cross-related RV serotypes in which homotypic and heterotypic
      protection could be correlated with serum and nasal secretory antibody. The state
      of current knowledge, as I view it, is sufficient to justify initiation of such
      trials at any time.

PMID- 176888
TI  - Case report. Clostridium perfringens septicemia with detection of phospholipase C
      activity in the serum.
AB  - Clostridium perfringens septicemia with massive hemolysis is described in an
      elderly woman with refractory anemia. This case is highly unusual in that (1) the
      diagnosis was made during life by discovery of the organisms on a routine
      peripheral blood film, and that (2) phospholipase C activity was detected in the
      serum.

PMID- 176889
TI  - Neurohormonal control of gonadotropic secretion in primates.
AB  - With immunohistochemical techniques, products from both the parvicellular system
      (such as Gn-RH) and from the magnocellular system (vasopressin, oxytocin, and
      neurophysins) have been shown to be present in the neurons ending around the
      hypothalamopituitary portal capillary system. A neurosurgical technique for
      prolonged collection of pituitary stalk blood has been developed. Gn-RH,
      vasopressin, and neurophysins have been found in large amounts in pituitary stalk
      blood. Gn-RH levels were found to vary in a pulsatile fashion, thereby providing
      direct evidence for hypothalamic modulation of the discharge of LH by the
      pituitary. The finding of large amounts of estrogen-neurophysin in portal vein
      blood adds further evidence to the hypothesis that "estrogen" neurophysin may
      play a role in the control by the hypothalamus over the secretion of
      gonadotropins.

PMID- 176890
TI  - Light intensity on the photodynamic inactivation of herpes simplex keratitis.

PMID- 176891
TI  - Tight-skin, a new mutation of the mouse causing excessive growth of connective
      tissue and skeleton.
AB  - A new dominant mutation, tight-skin (Tsk), is located on Chromosome 2, two
      recombination units distal to pallid (pa). Heterozygotes (Tsk/+) have tight skins
      with marked hyperplasia of the subcutaneous loose connective tissues, increased
      growth of cartilage and bone, and small tendons with hyperplasia of the tendon
      sheaths. In the loose connective tissue there are large accumulations of
      microfibrils in the intercellular space. In spite of the increased skeletal size,
      body weight is not increased. Increase in size of the thoracic skeleton is
      especially pronounced and leads to pathologic distentsion of the hollow thoracic
      viscera. Concentration of growth hormone in the pituitary and plasma is normal.
      Homozygotes (Tsk/TSK) die in utero at 7 to 8 days of gestation. We propose the
      hypothesis that Tsk might act by causing defective cell receptors with high
      affinity for a somatomedin-like factor promoting growth of cartilage, bone, and
      connective tissue and low affinity for a multiplication-stimulating factor
      promoting embryonic growth.

PMID- 176892
TI  - Ca-activated ATPase activity in subcellular fractions of mouse pancreatic islets.
AB  - Ca-stimulated ATPase activity has been demonstrated in homogenates of mouse
      pancreatic islets. On subcellular fractionation Ca-ATPase activity was found in
      secretory granules, mitochondria, and microsomes, but not in the postmicrosomal
      fractions. Highest specific activity was found in the granules. In all active
      subcellular fractions two Km(Ca) values for Ca-ATPase around 7.0 X 10(-6) and 1.8
      X 10(-7) M were estimated. Assuming an ATP hydrolysis:Ca pumping ratio of 1:2,
      the highest capacity for active Ca transport was found in secretory granules and
      mitochondria. Concentrations of 40 mM or higher of Na and 10(-5) M cyclic AMP
      inhibited Ca-ATPase in all subfractions. Caffeine at a concentration of 10 mM
      inhibited Ca-ATPase significantly in secretory granules and microsomes. Also MG
      ATPase activity was demonstrated in the various subfractions. This activity was
      compared with that of Ca-ATPase at identical concentrations of free metal ions
      and in the absence or presence of various inhibitors. It was concluded that high
      affinity Ca-ATPase and Mg-ATPase are two different enzymic entities. Ca-ATPase
      may tentatively be assumed to participate in active transport of Ca between
      intracellular compartments and to constitute a Ca-accumulating system which
      returns the cytosolic free Ca concentration to the resting state after
      stimulation of the beta-cells by secretagogues. This enzyme may therefore play a
      significant role in regulation of insulin release.

PMID- 176893
TI  - The pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype Indiana, in Aedes
      aegypti mosquitoes. I. Intrathoracic injection.
AB  - Analysis of infectious virus particles after intrathoracic injection revealed
      that Aedes aegypti mosquito tissues are capable of supporting the growth of
      vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), serotype Indiana. Although all tissues assayed
      (salivary gland, midgut, diverticulum, malphigian tubules, and ovary) were
      capable of supporting VSV growth, the salivary gland was the only organ capable
      of maintaining an appreciable amount of virus for periods longer than 9 days
      postinfection. Electron microscopic studies of infected tissues showed virus
      particles consistently within the cell cytoplasm of all organs with no evidence
      of nuclear involvement. Direct evidence of crystalline formation of VSV in the
      apical cavities of salivary gland tissue was demonstrated.

PMID- 176894
TI  - Operative cholangiography in uncomplicated biliary tract surgery. Review of 354
      cholangiography studies in patients without indication of common duct pathology.
AB  - The literature of the past ten years is replete with articles on "routine*
      cholangiography, with particular reference to the overlooked or "unsuspected"
      stone. Many series do not differentiate between T-tube cholangiograms performed
      after common duct exploration and those performed on patients with and without
      the usual clinical or operative indications for common duct exploration. We
      present a pure operative  cholangiographic study of 354 patients with apparent
      uncomplicated bilary tract disease; a significant incidence of unsuspected
      pathologic features are demonstrated. Can a convenient and innocuous procedure
      like routine operative cholangiography continue to be ignored, even in the most
      routine of cases?

PMID- 176895
TI  - Selective hepatic venography in primary liver cell carcinoma.
AB  - With apparent inoperable hepatic cell carcinoma, knowledge of adequate venous
      outflow from tumor-free liver tissue permits extensive resection with long
      survival.

PMID- 176896
TI  - The value of arteriography in the diagnosis and treatment of insulinomas.
AB  - Six arteriograms were performed in five patients with insulinoma. The method
      showed with precision the size and location of the tumor in five instances,
      whereas in one instance the method was unsuccessful. Arteriography was performed
      again with more refinements in technic, but was adequate in locating only the
      largest tumor. Since diagnostic accuracy of arteriography depends on the size of
      the tumor, and nonpalpable tumors are only occasionally located, the main
      problems in surgical treatment of insulinomas are unresolved.

PMID- 176897
TI  - Pancreatic tumor of mesenchymal origin presenting as obstructive jaundice.
AB  - A case of an unusual tumor occurring in the head of the pancreas is presented.
      Definitive diagnosis could not be made, the lesion being either a low grade
      myxofibrosarcoma or a benign fibrous histiocytoma. The literature is discussed
      and several cases believed to be pancreatic sarcomata are presented, only one of
      which was definitely of pancreatic origin. No other case of fibrous histiocytoma
      of the pancreas has been reported.

PMID- 176898
TI  - [Ways of transmission of genital herpes and its treatment].

PMID- 176899
TI  - [Functional state of the adrenal cortex in Stein-Leventhal syndrome].

PMID- 176901
TI  - A sensitive assay for collagenolytic activity using tritiated collagen.

PMID- 176900
TI  - Guanosine 3', 5'-cyclicmonophosphate assay at 10(-15)-mole level.

PMID- 176902
TI  - Amperometric measurement of hexacyanoferrate(III)-coupled dehydrogenase
      reactions.

PMID- 176903
TI  - A quantitative electron microscopic study of atypical structures in normal human
      cerebral cortex.
AB  - Biopsy samples of the cerebral cortex from four normal human brains were examined
      in the electron microscope for the presence of abnormalities related to neurones
      and neuroglia. Atypical forms of axons, axon terminals and dendrites, many of
      them similar to those described in a variety of pathological and experimental
      material, were found to occur in small but appreciable numbers. Neuroglia
      exhibiting atypical inclusions occurred but were much less common.
      Physiologically altered neuronal perikarya were not encountered apart from one
      neuronal death. An area of 3.6 x 10(5) mu2 was scanned from each brain and
      atypical structures were categorised and counted. The possible implications of
      the presence of these structures in normal brain in discussed and the need for
      neuropathologists and neuroanatomists to be aware of the existence of atypical
      forms of neuronal processes in normal human and animal brains is emphasised.

PMID- 176904
TI  - The interaction between d-tubocurarine, pancuronium, polymyxin B, and neostigmine
      on neuromuscular function.
AB  - The interaction between pancuronium, d-tubocurarine, polymyxin B, and neostigmine
      was studied in the rat diaphragm-phrenic nerve preparation. Polymyxin B (5
      mug/ml) did not affect twitch tension alone but decreased the pancuronium ED50
      from 0.8 mug/ml to 0.32 mug/ml and the d-tubocurarine ED50 from 0.25 mug/ml to
      0.15 mug/ml. Neostigmine (0.2 to 10 mug/ml) antagonized pancuronium or d
      tubocurarine-induced depression of twitch tension. In contrast, neostigmine
      (0.001 to 0.2 mug/ml) augmented polymyxin B depression. Similarly, neostigmine
      (0.1 mug/ml) augmented combined polymyxin B-pancuronium or polymyxin B-d
      tubocurarine depression of twitch tension. The authors conclude that polymyxin B
      potentiates the neuromuscular blockade from pancuronium or d-tubocurarine and
      that neostigmine further augments this block.

PMID- 176906
TI  - Pathogenicity of an attenuated strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus for
      newborn pigs.
AB  - The pathogenicity of a cell culture-attenuated strain of transmissible
      gastroenteritis virus for newborn pigs was investigated. Newborn (1- to 2-day
      old) pigs were orally given 2 x 10(6) plaque-forming units of attenuated virus.
      All pigs developed mild diarrhea, but deaths did not occur. As determined by
      immunofluorescence and villous atropy, infection of the small intestine was
      limited to the caudal 50 to 66%. Fluorescing cells and atrophic villi were seen
      from 2 to 3 days until 6 to 7 days after exposure. Attenuated virus-exposed pigs
      produced circulating virus-neutralizing antibodies detectable as early as 5 days
      after exposure. By contrast, all pigs orally given 1 x 10(2) pig infective doses
      of virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus developed severe diarrhea, and
      almost all of those not killed died within 2 to 5 days after exposure. In the
      latter pigs, the entire length of the small intestine, except for the first 4 to
      5 cm, was infected with virus by 24 to 36 hours after exposure.

PMID- 176905
TI  - Dynamic control of hepatic glucose metabolism: Studies by experiment and computer
      simulation.

PMID- 176907
TI  - Effects of crude extracts of various plants on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
      virus-plaque production.
AB  - Extracts of 28 plants were tested without demonstable antiviral activity in an
      agar-overlay plaque-reduction antiviral assay system, using infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis virus and bovine endocardial cell cultures. Ethanolic extract of
      Narcissus tazetta L bulb elicited antiviral activity by inhibition of viral
      plaque formation. Antiviral activity was demonstrated against infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis and equine rhinopneumonitis viruses. Narcissus tazetta L bulb did
      not directly inactivate the virus extracellularly. The extract exhibited only
      limited toxicity to rapidly multiplying bovine endocardial cells at plaque
      inhibitory levels and was not cytoxic to preformed confluent cell monolayers.
      Narcissus extract did not induce the formation of drug-resistant viral strains.

PMID- 176908
TI  - Effects of vaccination infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and simultaneous
      administration of levamisole on primary humoral responses in calves.
AB  - In a study on the primary humoral response of calves vaccinated against
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and simultaneously given levamisole, mild
      but consistent suppression of the group's geometric mean serum-neutralization
      titer to IBR virus occurred between 12 and 59 days later. The quantitative
      determination of circulating immunoglobulins (Ig) over the same period indicated
      a slight decrease in the IgG concentrations from an initial geometric mean
      concentration of 18.28 mg/ml before calves were vaccinated to 15.29 mg/ml after
      vaccination, and the control calves (vaccinated and given saline solution only)
      maintained their prevaccination IgG geometric mean concentration of 20.92 mg/ml.
      Difference was not observed in the circulating IgM values of the 2 groups.
      Levamisole had no apparent effect on the circulating Ig-bearing lymphocyte values
      when compared with control calves during the 24 hours of treatment. It was
      concluded that a single treatment of levamisole may mildly suppress the primary
      humoral response to IBR vaccination in calves, but it is unlikely that this would
      affect the animal's capability to recover from, or maintain resistance to, IBR
      infection.

PMID- 176909
TI  - Letter: Efficacy of modified live-virus equine rhinopneumonitis vaccine.

PMID- 176910
TI  - Treating perforated jejunal ulcer, a complication in the Zollinger-Ellison
      syndrome.
AB  - What is considered to represent the fourth case of perforated jejunal ulcer in
      association with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome reported in the literature is
      discussed. Although documented in the original paper by Zollinger and Ellison,
      this remains a notably rare complication. Generalized peritonitis and related
      pathophysiological phenomena make initial definitive correction of the ulcer
      diathesis an extremely riskly undertaking and ill-advised. We submit that primary
      ulcer resection followed by total gastrectomy when the patient becomes a more
      suitable operative risk is the preferred method of management. The literature
      would appear to support this clinical view.

PMID- 176911
TI  - Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast in the postpubertal adolescent: a
      case report.
AB  - Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is an extremely rare neoplasm in the teenage or pre
      teenage child. Routine pediatric physical examination should include careful
      examination of the breast and all palpable masses should be excised. Carcinoma
      occurring in the prepubertal child carries an improved prognosis particularly if
      the tumor stains PAS-positive. Carcinoma occurring in the postpubertal teenager
      probably carries the same prognosis as that in the adult and should be treated in
      a similar manner. The authors discuss such a case occurring in a 13-year-old
      girl.

PMID- 176912
TI  - Letter: Carbamazepine in uremic neuropathy.

PMID- 176913
TI  - Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in hepatic,
      biliary, and pancreatic malignancy.
AB  - This paper reports the radiographic findings in 84 cases of biopsy-proven
      pancreatic and biliary malignancies studied by endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiopancreatography. In the 73 successful studies a diagnosis of tumor could
      be made in 67 patients (92%). The study was successful in 40 of 43 patients with
      pancreatic carcinoma and the diagnosis could be made in 37 on the basis of
      stenosis or obstruction of the ducts. There were 33 successful studies in the 41
      patients with miscellaneous tumors including primary bile duct, ampullary,
      gallbladder, metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, and hepatoma. A diagnosis of tumor
      was made in 30 studies. As has been observed in carcinoma of other hollow
      structures, the hallmark of malignancy in the pancreatic and biliary tract is
      obstruction and stenosis. This study indicates that malignant disease of the
      pancreas and tract is accurately assessed by this endoscopic method.

PMID- 176914
TI  - Letter: Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: Fine needle biopsy.

PMID- 176915
TI  - Role of ionophores in energy coupling.
AB  - If, as we deem inevitable, the principles of energy coupling are universal, then
      the necessity for charge-separating devices will apply across the board to all
      bioenergetic systems. Since, apart from the elctron transfer chain, ionophores
      are the only charge-separating devices available in bioenergetic systems, model
      of energy coupling that does not feature this central role of ionophores can be
      taken seriously. The ionophore approach thus opens the royal highway to the
      ultimate solution of all bioenergetic problems.

PMID- 176916
TI  - Modes of lipid-protein interactions in biomembranes.

PMID- 176918
TI  - Carcinomatous encephalomyelitis with auditory and vestibular manifestations.
AB  - A clinical and pathological study of carcinomatous encephalomyelitis is
      presented. Attention is drawn to the various types of nonmetastatic
      paraneoplastic syndromes and their particular association with oat cell carcinoma
      of the lung. The feature of special interest in this study is the onset with
      otologic symptoms, sudden deafness in the left ear and vertigo, at a time when
      the neoplastic basis for the disease was not clinically evident. The most
      striking change in the left temporal bone is the almost total loss of cochlear
      neurons in Rosenthal's canal and degeneration of both divisions of the vestibular
      nerve. The organ of Corti and stria vascularis are normal throughout the cochlear
      duct. The vestibular sense organs are normal. The left cochlear nucleus is devoid
      of neurons, this neuronal loss is accompanied by a well developed astrocytic and
      microglial response similar to that in the medulla and spinal cord. This
      represents a carcinomatous sensory neuropathy involving the left VIII nerve with
      simultaneous involvement of the left cochlear nucleus. The pathogenesis of this
      condition still defies explanation, but there are some insights in the autoimmune
      sector.

PMID- 176917
TI  - [Adrenal cortex and avitaminosis A: II. Complementary in vivo and in vitro
      studies on inhibition of corticoidogenesis in moderate deficiency in the rat.
      III. In vivo criterion for activity: glycemic response to ACTH].
AB  - II. We set up new experiments, both in vivo and in vitro, in order to explain the
      impaired adrenal response to stress, of vitamin A middly deficient, male Wistar
      rats. Injections of progesterone, 6 mg s.c. or i.p. every other day, did not
      improve the deficiency curse in our rats. In agreement with these results, we
      have found that, in vitro, the delta5-3beta hydroxysteroide dehydrogenase is not
      altered in deficient glands; we confirmed it histochemically. On the other hand,
      the 11beta and 18 hydroxylase activities are lowered in vitro (and presumably in
      vivo). When conditions of hyperactivity are established, the conversion of
      deoxycorticosterone (DOC) to 18 OH-DOC or to corticosterone is reduced and DOC
      accumulates in the incubation medium. III. When middly deficient intact rats are
      injected with ACTH i.p. (2UI p. 100 g of body weight), only some of them are
      found to have normoglycemia or hyperglycemia, 45 or 60 minutes after injection,
      as the controls do. Many deficient rats become hypoglycemic as the
      adrenalectomised animals do. We think that the changes in the glycemia after ACTH
      injection could be used to discriminate between the more or less deficient rats.

PMID- 176919
TI  - [A severe infection with cytomegalovirus secondary to the use of extracorporeal
      circulation (author's transl)].

PMID- 176920
TI  - Current models of steroid hormone action: a critique.
AB  - In this review, we have traced the path of estradiol from its entry into the cell
      to the time of its release from the receptor. We feel that all of the current
      models are limited in one respect or another. We have examined most critically
      those currently most in vogue. The entry of estradiol into the cell is widely
      assumed to be simply a matter of diffusion. We have highlighted data that suggest
      the existence of a protein-mediated transport, but feel that the available data
      are too limited to make a definite conclusion.

PMID- 176921
TI  - Mass transport across cell membranes: the effects of antidiuretic hormone on
      water and solute flows in epithelia.

PMID- 176923
TI  - Antibiotic treatment of respiratory sepsis.

PMID- 176922
TI  - Physiological aspects of growth and development of the preimplantation mammalian
      embryo.

PMID- 176924
TI  - Chemotherapy.

PMID- 176925
TI  - Chemotherapy and renal function.

PMID- 176926
TI  - Susceptibility of beta-hemolytic streptococci to 65 antibacterial agents.
AB  - Tests for susceptibility of 29 group A, 4 group C, and 2 group G strains of beta
      hemolytic streptococci to 63 antibiotics and to trimethoprim and
      sulfamethoxazole, singly and combined in a ratio of 1:16, were carried out in
      vitro. All strains tested were moderately or highly susceptible to all the
      antibiotics used except those belonging to the aminoglycoside and polymyxin
      groups. A few were also resistant to the tetracyclines and to sulfamethoxazole
      alone. Comparisons with results obtained in previous years indicate that, except
      for the tetracyclines and sulfonamides, there has been no change in the
      susceptibility of beta-hemolytic streptococci to the most important and useful
      antibiotics, particularly penicillin.

PMID- 176927
TI  - Antiviral activity of arabinosyladenine and arabinosylhypoxanthine in herpes
      simplex virus-infected KB cells: selective inhibition of viral deoxyribonucleic
      acid synthesis in synchronized suspension cultures.
AB  - The drug 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) significantly suppressed the
      formation of herpes simplex virus type 1-induced syncytia in BHK-21/4 cells at
      concentrations as low as 0.1 mug/ml. Optimal activity was noted when the drug was
      added before initiation of viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis (3.5 h
      postinfection). The deaminated derivative of ara-A, 9-beta-d
      arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine (ara-H), was at least 10 times less effective in
      suppressing the development of herpes simplex virus-induced syncytia. The
      replication of herpes simplex virus was measured by assaying fluids and cells
      from infected drug-treated cultures by using a plaque production technique. Ara-A
      at drug levels of >10 < 32 mug/ml completely blocked the replication of
      infectious virus particles. Ara-H was less effective than ara-A in reducing the
      replication of virions. Rates of host and viral DNA synthesis were monitored by
      pulse labeling herpes simplex virus-infected synchronized KB cells with
      [(3)H]thymidine and subsequently separating viral from cellular DNA in CsCl
      density gradients. During synthetic (S) phase, ara-A or ara-H at concentrations
      ranging from 3.2 to 32 mug/ml selectively inhibited viral DNA synthesis. At 3.2
      mug of ara-A per ml, viral DNA synthesis was reduced 74% although total cellular
      DNA synthesis was unaffected. Increasing concentrations of ara-A produced
      increasing temporal delays in the maximal rate of host DNA synthesis. This time
      shift was not observed in cells treated with ara-H.

PMID- 176928
TI  - Inhibition of herpesvirus deoxyribonucleic acid and protein synthesis by tilorone
      hydrochloride.
AB  - Tilorone hydrochloride at a concentration of 10 mug/ml very efficiently inhibited
      herpes simplex virus growth in BSC1 cells when the virus is infected at a low
      multiplicity of infection. The adsorption of the virus was not affected by the
      drug, and the penetration of the deoxyribonucleic acid of the input virus into
      the cytoplasm and nuclei proceeded normally when tilorone hydrochloride was
      present. However, newly synthesized viral deoxyribonucleic acid was not
      detectable under these conditions, there was a remarkable decrease in the rate of
      viral polypeptide synthesis, and virus particles were not formed. The inhibition
      of herpesvirus growth by tilorone hydrochloride was absolutely dependent on the
      presence of the drug in the cultures. Pretreatment of the cells with the drug did
      not result in resistance to herpesvirus infection after the removal of the drug.

PMID- 176929
TI  - Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens by an antibiotic substance produced by
      Bacillus licheniformis in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice: effect on
      other bacteria from the digestive tract.
AB  - A strain of Bacillus licheniformis, established in the digestive tract of
      gnotobiotic mice, inhibited the subsequent establishment of a Clostridium
      perfringens strain ingested by the animals. This inhibitory effect depended on
      the in vivo production by B. licheniformis of an antibiotic substance having a
      number of the characteristics of bacitracin. If C. perfringens was the first to
      become established in the digestive tract of the gnotobiotic mice, B.
      licheniformis also became established but did not produce any antibiotic. Mutants
      of C. perfringens resistant to the antibiotic substance were not observed when
      the antibiotic was produced in situ by B. licheniformis, but were rapidly
      selected when the Bacillus culture filtrate or bacitracin was administered per
      os. B. licheniformis was also capable of eliminating from the digestive tract 5
      of the 13 additional bacterial strains tested.

PMID- 176930
TI  - Action of polymyxin B on bacterial membranes: phosphatidylglycerol- and
      cardiolipin-induced susceptibility to polymyxin B in Acholeplasma laidlawii B.
AB  - To identify the polymyxin receptor molecules in the membranes of living
      microorganisms, fusion of intact Acholeplasma laidlawii B with lipid vesicles was
      investigated according to the procedure of Grant and McConnell (1973). The
      naturally polymyxin-resistant A. laidlawii B was treated with phospholipid
      vesicles prepared from purified phospholipids of the polymyxin-susceptible
      Salmonella typhimurium G30. A. laidlawii B absorbed between 15 and 45% of its own
      lipid content of the added tritium-labeled phospholipids without loss of
      viability. Association with the acidic components phosphatidylglycerol and
      cardiolipin produced a 10- to 30-fold increase in polymyxin susceptibility, which
      was not obtained with egg-phosphatidylcholine and mixed phosphatidylcholine
      phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles. The polymyxin-sensitized cells bound 12 times
      more radioactive antibiotic than resistant cells. The phosphatidylglycerol
      induced susceptibility was abolished by serum fraction V (Cohn) proteins.

PMID- 176931
TI  - Considerations on structure-activity relationships with mengovirus of substituted
      5-amino-4-cyanopyrazoles.
AB  - In a screening program using the agar diffusion-plaque inhibition test, 22 out of
      27 substituted aminopyrazoles tested showed marked antiviral activity against
      mengovirus in FL cell cultures. The efficacy of the different derivatives was
      compared by determining their effect on the yield of infectious virus after a one
      step growth cycle. The antiviral activity against mengovirus correlated with the
      chain length of the substituents and increased or decreased according to the
      position of the side chain.

PMID- 176932
TI  - Mode of action in vitro against mengovirus of substituted 5-amino-4
      cyanopyrazoles.
AB  - Substituted amino pyrazoles were found to exhibit plaque reduction and inhibition
      of the cytopathic effect of mengovirus on FL cells. Their antiviral activity was
      not caused by a virucidal effect or by inhibition of viral adsoprtion or
      penetration but by suppression of the virus multiplication. During a one-step
      growth cycle maximum suppression of virus yield occurred after compound addition
      from 0 to 2 h after infection. Progressively less viral inhibition appeared when
      compound was applied during the later part of virus replication. The antiviral
      effect was reversible by removal of the compound, and no inhibitor-resistant
      period occurred.

PMID- 176933
TI  - Use of sodium polyanethol sulfonate to selectively inhibit aminoglycoside and
      polymyxin antibiotics in a rapid blood level antibiotic assay.
AB  - Sodium polyanethol sulfonate inhibits aminoglycoside and polymyxin classes of
      antibiotics in direct proportion to its concentration. Aminoglycoside and
      polymyxin class antibiotics are selectively inactivated; penicillin, including
      the semisynthetic penicillins, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin,
      tetracycline, erythromycin, and vancomycin are not inhibited. By incorporating
      sodium polyanethol sulfonate directly into the test medium it is possible, in a 4
      h antibiotic blood level assay, to selectively obviate the activity of the
      aminoglycosides and polymyxins to determine the concentration of other
      antibiotics present in the same serum sample.

PMID- 176934
TI  - Stimulation of murine interferon by a substituted pyrimidine.
AB  - 2-Amino-5-bromo-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (U-25,166) induced high levels of
      circulating interferon in mice when administered either parenterally or orally.
      Peak titers of interferon were found in the serum between 6 and 12 h after
      inoculation of the drug. Lower but significant levels of interferon were found in
      rat serum after administration of U-25,166 by either the intraperitoneal or oral
      route, and good levels of circulating interferon were observed in cats after oral
      treatment. Repeated intraperitoneal doses (50 mg/kg) of U-25,166 protected mice
      against intranasal encephalomyocarditis virus challenge. The minimal effective
      acute oral dose for antiviral activity was approximately 250 mg/kg. This was also
      the minimal dose that produced detectable levels of interferon. Maximum tolerated
      doses in mice were four to six times the minimal effective doses. A single oral
      treatment was protective in mice against challenge virus inoculated 24 h later.
      The compound protected mice from challenge with high levels of
      encephalomyocarditis virus, up to 20,000 mean lethal doses. Antiviral activity in
      mice was retained when certain minor substitutions were made in the U-25,166
      structure.

PMID- 176935
TI  - Effect of cytosine arabinoside and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine on a cytomegalovirus
      infection in newborn mice.
AB  - Murine cytomegalovirus was inhibited by 0.6 to 1.2 mug of cytosine arabinoside
      per ml and by 0.3 to 0.6 mug of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine in mouse embryo fibroblast
      cells. Human cytomegalovirus was inhibited by similar concentrations of the two
      drugs in WI-38 cells. Intraperitoneal inoculation of suckling mice with 10(4.5)
      plaque-forming units of murine cytomegalovirus provides a model for disseminated
      human cytomegalovirus infection in human newborn infants and is characterized by
      a widespread infection involving the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and brain with
      a 70 to 90% mortality in 7 to 9 days. Treatment with 12.5 mg of cytosine
      arabinoside per kg or 25 mg of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine per kg twice daily for 8
      days had no effect on final mortality or the pathogenesis of the infection with
      the exception of reduced viral titers in the spleen of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine
      treated animals. These data indicate that neither cytosine arabinoside nor 5-iodo
      2'-deoxyuridine are effective in the treatment of murine cytomegalovirus
      infections in suckling mice and suggest that they may be of limited value in the
      treatment of severe cytomegalovirus infections in human neonates.

PMID- 176936
TI  - In vitro and in vivo activities of minocycline and other antibiotics against
      Acinetobacter (Herellea-Mima).
AB  - Minocycline was the most active of six antibiotics tested against 65 clinical
      isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (syn.: Herellea, Mima) received from six
      medical centers. In the Bauer-Kirby disk susceptibility test, all isolates were
      rated susceptible to minocycline, gentamicin, and polymyxin; 25% were resistant
      to tetracycline. In agar dilution tests, minocycline was two to four times more
      potent than gentamicin or polymyxin and eight times more potent than
      tetracycline. Ampicillin and cephalexin were relatively ineffective. Against
      lethal infections produced by five strains of A. calcoaceticus in mice,
      minocycline was, in general, more active than gentamicin or polymyxin on a dosage
      basis and significantly more active on a blood-level basis. Minocycline was
      significantly more potent than tetracycline on both dosage and blood-level bases
      against tetracycline-sensitive and -resistant strains. In the last decade there
      has been an increase in the reported incidence of acinetobacters in a variety of
      infections. The cultures are susceptible to few antibiotics. Our data show that
      minocycline could offer an effective alternative to the more toxic drugs for the
      treatment of these infections. Susceptibility should be determined with
      minocycline disks.

PMID- 176937
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of varicella zoster virus to adenine arabinoside and
      hypoxanthine arabinoside.
AB  - The in vitro susceptibility of varicella zoster (VZ) isolates to adenine
      arabinoside (ara-A) and hypoxanthine arabinoside (ara-Hx) was determined in human
      skin fibroblasts. Using a system in which deamination was inhibited, and using a
      modified plaque reduction method, the antiviral activities of ara-A and ara-Hx
      were separated. The plaque inhibitory concentration of ara-A for all VZ isolates
      tested was 1 to 2 mug/ml and 80 to 100 mug/ml for ara-Hx. A comparison of
      antiviral activity based upon total plaque suppression gave a rate of 40 to 50:1,
      in favor of ara-A.

PMID- 176938
TI  - Microbial metabolism of aryl sulphonates a re-assessment of colorimetric methods
      for the determination of sulphite and their use in measuring desulphonation of
      aryl and alkylbenzene sulphonates.
AB  - The reaction of 2,4-dinitroanilinomaleimide with sulphite which has been claimed
      as the basis of a suitable colorimetric assay for the anion was carefully re
      examined. The sulphite-imide addition product provides a suitable and specific
      qualitative test for sulphite after separation by paper chromatography but the
      method as previously used is probably measuring the hydrolysis of the imide to
      2,4-dinitroanilinomaleamic acid and cannot be used for sulphite determination
      either colorimetrically or in kinetic assays. A new colorimetric method for the
      determination of sulphite based on its reaction with Ellman's reagent, 5,5'
      dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) is described and compared for sensitivity with the
      p-rosaniline-HCHO method. Both methods were used to show the formation of
      sulphite as the initial product of arylsulphonate metabolism by bacteria. The
      failure to find sulphite in similar cultures of a third organism was attributed
      to the very high activities of sulphite oxidase found in extracts. The Ellman
      reagent was examined as the basis of an indicator medium for the detection of
      sulphite-excreting colonies.

PMID- 176939
TI  - Purification and properties of the NAD+-dependent (type D) and O2-dependent (type
      O) forms of rat liver xanthine dehydrogenase.

PMID- 176940
TI  - The mechanism of conversion of rat liver xanthine dehydrogenase from an NAD+
      dependent form (type D) to an O2-dependent form (type O).

PMID- 176941
TI  - Collagen lysyl hydroxylation occurs within the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 176942
TI  - Angle of tilt and domain structure in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
      multilayers.

PMID- 176943
TI  - Modification by cyanide of the aniline-binding reaction with cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 176944
TI  - Effect of limited proteolysis on activity and phosphorylation of rabbit muscle
      glycogen synthetase.

PMID- 176945
TI  - Synthesis of elastin and procallagen by cells from embryonic aorta. Differences
      in the role of hydroxyproline and the effects of proline analogs on the secretion
      of the two proteins.

PMID- 176946
TI  - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the isolated human erthrocyte
      membrane: selective displacement by bilirubin.

PMID- 176948
TI  - Growth hormone and liver mitochondria. Effects on cytochromes and some enzymes.

PMID- 176947
TI  - Dihydroorotate-dependent superoxide production in rat brain and liver. A function
      of the primary dehydrogenase.

PMID- 176949
TI  - Use of an adenosine triphosphate analog, adenylyl imidodiphosphate, to evaluate
      adenosine triphosphate-dependent reactions in mitochondria.

PMID- 176950
TI  - Metabolic effects of glucose deprivation and of various sugars in normal and
      transformed fibrobalst cell lines.

PMID- 176951
TI  - Properties of rat liver mitochondria with intermembrane Cytochrome c.

PMID- 176952
TI  - Studies on the kinetic mechanism and the phosphoryl-enzyme compound of the
      Escherichia coli acetate kinase reaction.

PMID- 176953
TI  - The function of Ca+ in the action of mammalian collagenases.

PMID- 176954
TI  - Transport adenosine triphosphatase: absence of ATP: p-nitrophenol
      phosphotransferase activity.

PMID- 176955
TI  - Human fibrinogen and asialo-fibrinogen: a comparison of coagulation parameters.

PMID- 176956
TI  - Early effects of excessive retinol intake on gluconeogenesis. Involvement of
      adrenals in the increased activities on Gluconeogenic Enzymes of rat.

PMID- 176957
TI  - Heberden Oration, 1974. Human arthritis applied to animal models. Towards a
      better therapy.

PMID- 176958
TI  - Activation of human leucocyte procollagenase by rheumatoid synovial tissue
      culture medium.
AB  - Production of a factor activating leucocyte procollagenase by tissue culture of
      rheumatoid synovium was shown. The activator was isolated, partly purified, and
      shown to be thermolabile, nondialysable, and had no activity toward casein,
      haemoglobin, histones, and PZ-peptide. The activity of the activator was partly
      decreased by trypsin.

PMID- 176959
TI  - Benign liver cell adenoma associated with use of oral contraceptive agents.
AB  - A benign hepatic adenoma in a young woman taking oral contraceptives for 7 years
      is reported. The diagnosis must be suspected in any young woman taking oral
      contraceptive agents who develop signs and symptoms of acute cholecystitis with
      hepatomegaly or mass, or when signs and symptoms of non-traumatic intraabdominal
      hemorrhage are present. Rupture of the tumor is a life-threatening complication.
      Treatment should be either hepatic lobectomy or wide local resection.

PMID- 176960
TI  - [Study of cortico-melanotropic activities in the anterior pituitary of an
      anencephalic and a normal newborn].
AB  - Immunofluorescence studies by-means of anti-beta (1-24) corticotropin, anti-alpha
      (17-39) ACTH; anti-beta-MSH were performed on the anterior pituitary of an at
      term anencephalic newborn. They showed small and rare cortico-melanotropic cells,
      as compared to those seen in the anterior pituitary of newborns. The comparison
      of these data with experimental observations suggest a possible autonomy of
      corticotropin function, although under hypothalamus control.

PMID- 176961
TI  - Cyclic adenosinemonophosphate in cerebrospinal fluid. Effects of theophylline, L
      dopa and a dopamine receptor stimulant in rats.
AB  - The effects of L-Dopa and the dopamine receptor stimulant ET-495 on cisternal
      cAMP levels were studied in rats. L-dopa (100-200 mg/kg) increased cisternal cAMP
      levels by 60 to 80% of controls. When peripheral Dopa-decarboxylase was
      inhibited, smaller doses of L-Dopa were effective. Fla-63, an inhibitor of
      dopamine-beta-hydroxylase lowered the increase induced by L-Dopa which was
      completely suppressed by propranolol, not by phentolamine, suggesting that the
      cAMP increase is mediated through a central beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. ET-495
      failed to influence cAMP levels which argues against a dopamine-sensitive
      adenylate cyclase involved in the L-Dopa effect. Moreover, large increases of
      cisternal cAMP were observed after treatment with theophylline , not papaverine
      which suggests different effects of these "phosphodiesterase inhibitors" on the
      cyclic AMP systems in the central nervous system or on transport mechanisms.

PMID- 176963
TI  - Cystosarcoma phyllodes metastatic to a brenner tumor of the ovary.
AB  - A patient had cytosarcoma phyllodes that developed metastases to bone and to a
      Brenner tumor of the ovary. The original breast tumor was reported as benign, but
      the patient died of metastases four months following mastectomy. The rapid growth
      in the ovary may have been due to estrogenic stroma in the Brenner tumor. This is
      the first report, to our knowledge, of cystosarcoma phyllodes metastasizing to
      another tumor.

PMID- 176964
TI  - Grafting the unhealed perineal wound after coloproctectomy for Crohn disease.
AB  - The unhealed perineal wound following proctectomy for Crohn disease is a most
      unfortunate and disabling complication; treatment has been generally unsuccessful
      and disappointing. Since 1967, we have managed these wounds by skin-grafting the
      raw surface of the saucerized wound, rather than by attempting to obliterate the
      cavity. The graft is applied to the defect two or three days after wide
      debridement and saucerization. No attempt is made to cover more than the readily
      accessible raw surface. The graft is first dressed on the third postoperative
      day, and daily thereafter. The patient receives 40 units of corticotropin (ACTH)
      daily during his hospital stay; the drug therapy is continued in smaller dosage
      for several months. Results to date have been satisfactory, with seven wounds
      totally dry, and 37 resurfaced sufficiently so as to make the amount of drainage
      negligible. Four patients had results classified as poor.

PMID- 176962
TI  - Intrathoracic paraganglioma arising from aorticosympathetic paraganglion.
AB  - A slowly growing intrathoracic paraganglion arising from an aorticosympathetic
      ganglion was removed from a 22-year-old woman. It was adherent to the parietal
      pleura and azygos vein, but not to the spinal cord. She has been well for the two
      years since that time. This patient represents the sixth tumor reported in this
      location. Most of the reported tumors are benign with occasional local invasion
      as seen in paragangliomas in other locations (carotid and aortic bodies).
      Complete excision of the tumor is the treatment of choice, but partial excision
      may provide long-term survival. A new classification and terminology suggested by
      Glenner and Grimley is emphasized. It groups logically the tumors arising from
      the paraganglion cells on the basis of anatomic distribution, innervation, and
      microscopic structure.

PMID- 176965
TI  - The use of chicken tracheal organ cultures for the isolation and assay of avian
      infectious bronchitis virus.
AB  - A study has been made of the use of chicken tracheal organ cultures for the
      isolation and assay of avian infectious bronchitis (AIB) virus from both
      naturally and experimentally infected chickens. Six strains of AIB virus were
      investigated, 3 of which had been isolated from natural outbreaks of disease. Two
      of the virus isolations from the outbreaks of AIB were made directly into
      tracheal organ cultures without passage in embryonated eggs. Organ cultures
      prepared from 20-day-old embryos were used since they were found to be somewhat
      more sensitive in virus assay than those derived from chickens of up to 31 days
      of age. Ciliostasis, which was used as the marker of infectivity, was complete by
      3 days after inoculation with each strain of virus examined. Virus could be
      isolated from both respiratory and non-respiratory tissue in tracheal organ
      cultures and these cultures were found to be at least as sensitive as 9-day-old
      embryonated eggs in detecting AIB virus either in pathological material or in
      serial dilutions. When virus was assayed in both systems, the titres were very
      similar. It is considered, therefore, that chicken embryo tracheal organ cultures
      offer a reliable alternative system to embryonated eggs for studying AIB virus.

PMID- 176966
TI  - In-vitro cultivation of human cytomegalovirus in thyroid epithelial cells.
AB  - Several strains of human cytomegalovirus including recent isolates, were grown in
      epithelial cells derived from thyroid tissue. All the strains tested grew in
      these cultures without pre-treatment of the cells, and no difference in
      cytopathic effect was detected between strains of genital and non-genital origin.
      4 strains of CMV were isolated directly from urine in thyroid cells; however the
      failure to isolate 6 further strains in these cultures from other specimens may
      indicate that a higher multiplicity of infection is required to infect epithelial
      than fibroblast cells.

PMID- 176967
TI  - Simian virus 40-chinese hamster kidney cell interaction. II. The semipermissivity
      of the cell system.
AB  - Throughout in vitro passages, Chinese hamster kidney (CHK) cells progressively
      lost susceptibility to SV 40 virus infection while remaining continuously
      susceptible to viral DNA infection. Upon infection with SV 40 virus or viral DNA,
      the CHK cell line supported viral DNA and virus replication at a low level. SV 40
      transformed CHK cell lines spontaneously produced small amounts of viral DNA and
      virions. The percentage of virus-producing cells was low. Various clones derived
      from each of these lines behaved as the parental cell population, leading to the
      conclusion that each CHK cell, whether transformed or not with SV 40, is
      potentially permissive for this virus.

PMID- 176968
TI  - Electron microscope observations on tubular structures in cells infected with
      herpes simplex virus type 2.
AB  - The fine structure of filamentous structures and lattice-like structures found in
      herpes simplex virus type 2-infected cells was studied. By specimen tilting
      experiments, it was demonstrated that the lattice-like structures were the cross
      sectional views of the tubular structures and the filamentous structures were the
      longitudinal sections. The observation in negatively stained preparations of
      isolated tubular structures revealed that the structure was constructed by
      regular array of ring shaped elements. A hypothetical model is presented for
      tubular structures constructed on the basis of the present findings. The tubular
      structures appeared as early as 6 hours after infection and reached a maximum at
      12 hours.

PMID- 176969
TI  - Heterogeneity of infectious bronchitis virus grown in eggs.
AB  - Egg-grown infectious bronchitis virus, strain Beaudette, was concentrated and
      centrifuged on sucrose density gradients to separate the virus into five peaks
      with densities of 1.144, 1.160, 1.172, 1.191 and 1.218 g/cm3. All peaks retained
      infectivity, complement fixation activity and were labelled with 3H-uridine.
      Morphologically the densest peak consisted of very large virus particles and
      amorphous material, the other peaks consisted of mainly intact particles although
      small differences in size and pleomorphism were seen. Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of material from the density gradient peaks revealed four major
      polypeptides and at least 10 minor polypeptides. The proportions of the
      polypeptides were approximately similar for all peaks with the exception of the
      densest peak in which the major polypeptides were greatly reduced. The four major
      polypeptides had approximate molecular weights of 1. 52,000, 2. 45,000, 3.
      34,000, 4. 32,000. The major polypeptides 1 and 4 were shown to be glycosylated
      as were two of the minor polypeptides.

PMID- 176970
TI  - Characterization of cell lines derived from hamster tumors induced with the BK
      virus.
AB  - Some of the properties of three continuous cell lines derived from BK virus
      induced hamster tumors were examined. The cell lines had in vitro growth
      characteristics of transformed cells. Morphologically most of the cells were
      fibroblastic, but multinucleated giant cells were also common. Ultrastructurally
      all three cell lines displayed the usual features of cells grown in vitro. Marked
      variation in the nuclear size and shape as well as prominent nucleoli were
      characteristic to these cells. No viruses or virus-like particles were found.
      Virus isolation attempts by fusing the cells with Vero cells were negative, and
      no virion antigen was detected in these cells by immunofluorescence. T antigen
      similar to that of other papovaviruses was found in the cells. This antigen
      stained with sera from a number of hamsters carrying transplanted BK virus
      induced tumors, and also with SV 40 T antisera. The antigen disappeared after 30
      minutes at 56 degrees C. Cytogenetic analyses showed that the three cell lines
      were heteroploid with subtetraploid numbers of chromosomes. Chromosome
      abnormalities were also seen. All three cell lines induced sarcomatous tumors in
      adult hamsters after subcutaneous inoculation.

PMID- 176971
TI  - Ultrastructural characterization and hepatic pathogenesis of duck plague virus.
AB  - Six-week-old white Pekin ducks were inoculated intravenously with duck plague
      virus (DPV) isolated from wild waterfowl. The virus replicated in hepatic
      macrophages, hepatocytes, and bile duct epithelium. In ultrathin sections, herpes
      like nucleocapsids and virions were found respectively in the nucleus and
      cytoplasm of infected cells. Typical herpesviral capsids and virions were seen in
      negatively-stained preparations of duck embryo fibroblasts. Antibodies against
      Holland-attenuated strain of DPV reacted with virions of this isolate.

PMID- 176972
TI  - [Electron microscopy studies of the early stages of mosquito cell infection in
      vitro by the chilo iridescent virus and the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The early stage of the viral infection in vitro of mosquito cells were studied by
      electron microscopy using a microculture technique. We demonstrate in this paper
      that two viruses: iridescent (CIV) and herpetic (Infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis) can enter by viropexis and be uncoated in several lines of
      mosquito cells.

PMID- 176973
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity in Aujeszky disease virus infected pigs. I. Lymphocyte
      stimulation.
AB  - The appearance of cell-mediated immunity was studied in Aujeszky diseased pigs
      with the aid of the in vitro stimulation of sensitized lymphocytes. The first
      cell-mediated immunity reaction of lymphocytes occurred 4 days after infection.
      From day 7 to 35, the latest day tested, the reactions were most marked with
      lymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleen, whereas blood and thymus lymphocytes
      reacted less frequently; bone marrow lymphocytes showed no response. Reinfection
      did not considerably enhance lymphocyte reactivity. Humoral immunity was
      demonstrated a few days later than cell-mediated immunity. Neutralizing
      antibodies were first detected at day 7, reaching optimal titers at day 14.
      Complement fixing antibodies were detected from day 14 onward. Reinfection caused
      a very weak booster effect only on neutralizing antibody production. The
      sensitivity of the neutralization test could be enhanced up to sixfold by the
      addition of fresh guinea pig complement. It is concluded that cell-mediated
      immunity influences the early stage of infection with Aujeszky disease virus when
      humoral immunity is not yet demonstrable or yet rather low. Lymph nodes and
      spleen are apparently of special importance for the appearance of ADV-reactive
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 176974
TI  - Capsomeres of herpesvirus-equi-l in thin sections.

PMID- 176976
TI  - [Tissue nature of the lining of the lymph node sinuses].
AB  - The lymphatic nodes of intact albino rats were investigated electron
      microscopically. It was shown that the lymphatic sinuses were restricted by a
      layer of flattened cells; the basal membrane was absent. Certain distinctions in
      the structure of the cell lining sinuses and the reticular cells comprising the
      reticular base of the lymphoid tissue of the lymphatic node were found. The
      structure of the "sinus network" strands is shown. The structure of the cells of
      the sinuses lining is shown to be identical to the structure of cells of the
      vascular endothelium. It suggests the endothelial nature of the lining of the
      lymphatic node sinuses.

PMID- 176975
TI  - Enhanced SV 40-virus replication in chinese hamster kidney cells pretreated with
      5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine.
AB  - SV40 virion production was enhanced when semipermissive Chinese hamster kidney
      cells were treated with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUDR), prior to infection either
      with virus or viral-DNA. Pretreatment did not increase SV40 replication in fully
      permissive monkey kidney and nonpermissive Syrian hamster or mouse embryo cells.

PMID- 176977
TI  - [Lesions of the central nervous system in adenovirus infections].
AB  - The investigation of the central nervous system in generalized adenoviral
      infection in two children showed the presence in large nuclei of the nerve cells
      of hyperchromic inclusions containing the antigen of adenovirus. This testifies
      to the possibility of developing encephalites caused by respiratory viruses.

PMID- 176978
TI  - [A histochemical study of the effect of progesterone on the carbohydrate
      metabolism enzymes of different morphologic forms of endometrial cancer].
AB  - The histochemical method was used for determining glycogen, phosphorylase,
      glycogensynthetase, and glucose-6-phosphatase in order to evaluate the effect of
      progesterone on different morphological forms of cancer of the endometrium in
      man. On the basis of histochemical analysis of changes in the carbohydrate
      metabolism in 29 cases of cancer before and after treatment with progesterone a
      conclusion is drawn that sensitivity of tumours of the endometrium to
      hormonotherapy only partially depends upon the degree of their morphological
      differentiation.

PMID- 176979
TI  - [The condition of mitochondria in experimental viral carcinogenesis].
AB  - A parallel histoenzymatic and electron-microscopy study of the state of
      mitochondria in experimental viral cancerogenesis induced by adenovirus of
      monkeys SA7(C8) and virus of Rous sarcoma in soft tissues of hamster was carried
      out. It was shown that the earliest changes in the cell in the process of its
      tumorous transformation were those in mitochondria. The character of deposits of
      diformazin at an early stage of viral cancerogenesis corresponded to the trend to
      the linear arrangement of mitochondria and to initial phenomena of their
      swelling. Progressive swelling of mitochondria in the process of tumorous growth
      was established, which correlated with histochemically revealed changes in the
      relationships of a number of reduction-oxidation enzymes.

PMID- 176980
TI  - [Malignant glomus tumors of the stomach].
AB  - A total of 16 malignant glomic tumours of the stomach were studied. It is
      established that these tumours, as well as benign formations, have organoid
      structure, but differ from the latter by disorders of the tissue architectonics,
      polymorphism of cells of various degree, occasionally insignificantly manifested.
      The clinical course of the tumours not always corresponds to their histological
      structure--in mature microscopic structure they are sometimes characterised by
      local destructive growth and can give metastases. The authors propose to
      differentiate among malignant glomic tumours of the stomach the same variants of
      the morphological structure as in benign ones, i.e., myoid, angioleiomyomatous,
      angiopericytic, and paraganglioma-like. The authors assume that malignant glomic
      tumours of the stomach appear as a result of malignization of benign tumours.

PMID- 176981
TI  - [Morphofunctional state of pulmonary macrophages and their biological protection
      during phagocytosis of toxic elements].
AB  - Studies of a morphofunctional state of macrophages of the lungs of rats in
      phagocytosis of quartz (size of particles 1-2 mum) and against the background of
      prophylactic administration of polyvinylridine-N-oxyde (PVNO) were carried out
      using the method of quantitative cytochemistry (interference microscopy and
      cytometry) and electron-microscopy techniques (raster and transmissive). It was
      established that administration of PVNO led to intensification of the phagocytic
      activity of macrophages, increase in the content of RNA and dry weight (total
      proteins) therein, enlargement of the sizes of cells. The electron-microscopy
      investigation showed a good preservation of organelles of macrophages.

PMID- 176982
TI  - Neurologic manifestations of glomus tumors in the head and neck.
AB  - In 75 patients with glomus tumors in the head and neck region, 57 tumors arose
      from the jugular bulb region, 11 from the middle ear, and seven from the vagus
      nerve. Thirty-seven percent (28 patients) had cranial nerve paralysis, and 14.6%
      (11) had intracranial tumor extension. The jugular foramen syndrome was
      associated with a 50% (two of four patients) incidence, and hypoglossal nerve
      paralysis with a 75% (three of four) incidence of posterior fossa tumor invasion.
      Horner syndrome and labyrinthine destruction had a 50% (two of four) incidence of
      a middle cranial fossa tumor invasion. The incidence of central nervous system
      (CNS) invasion with cranial nerve paralysis (excluding the seventh nerve) was 52%
      (11 of 21). Otologic findings and seventh nerve paralysis did not correlate with
      CNS tumor extension.

PMID- 176983
TI  - Palato-ocular synchrony during eyelid closure.
AB  - The effects of eyelid closure on oculomotor function was examined in 11 patients
      with palatal myoclonus. In eight patients, eyelid closure induced gross rhythmic
      vertical or almost oscillatory movements of the globes, which were synchronous
      with the rhythmic beat of the palatal myoclonus. The rhythmic vertical ocular
      movements induced by eyelid closure replaced calorically induced or spontaneous
      horizontal nystagmus present when the lids were open. Vertical ocular motions
      persisted during some stages of slow-wave sleep and reappeared during each stage
      of rapid eye movement. The physiologic basis of the palato-ocular synchrony may
      be similar to the eyelid closure, vertical eye movements, and palatal myoclonus
      that occurs in monkeys on stimulation of the central tegmental fasciculus.

PMID- 176984
TI  - Letter: Negri bodies in a case of ataxia telangiectasia.

PMID- 176985
TI  - Letter: The isolation of a herpesvirus from pigeon and experimental infection in
      psittacine birds.

PMID- 176986
TI  - The oncogenic potential of some avian adenoviruses causing diseases in chickens.
AB  - The oncogenic potentials of three different strains of avian adenoviruses (the
      Tipton strain of the inclusion body hepatitis virus, the DPI-2, and the Indiana C
      viruses) were investigated in newborn hamsters. Animal inoculations were via two
      routes, subcutaneous and intracerebral. All three viruses proved nononcogenic for
      the hamsters observed over a period of 225 days. However, lesions of hepatitis
      similar to those of inclusion body hepatitis of chickens were seen in three
      hamsters inoculated with the DPI-2 virus.

PMID- 176988
TI  - Identification of seven isolants of infectious bronchitis virus by interference
      with the B-1 isolant of Newcastle disease virus.
AB  - Seven isolants of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) interfered with the
      development of hemagglutinins (HA) by the B-1 isolant of Newcaslte disease virus
      (NDV) in eggs previously inoculated with these IBV isolants. The I50 [defined as
      the minimum amount of IBV needed to produce, upon inoculation in embryonating
      chicken eggs (ECE), HA interference in 50% of these ECE reioculated 10 hr later
      with 10(2,41 EID50 (HA) of the B-1 strain of NDV] was less than 1 EID50. The
      interference was considered specific for IBV because if could be eliminated by
      addition of homologous anti-IBV serum. Furthermore, three other common poultry
      viruses (laryngotracheitis, fowlpox, and CELO viruses) did not interfere with
      NDV. In view of its sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity of performance, the
      IBV-NDV interference test appears to have considerable potential as a diagnostic
      test for IBV under field conditions.

PMID- 176987
TI  - A lymphoproliferative disease in Japanese Quail.
AB  - A naturally occurring lymphoproliferative disease was found in 3 flocks of
      Japanese quail in Mexico. The tumorlike lesions were detected mainly in livers
      and spleens. Histopathology revealed a pleomorphic lymphoproliferative
      infiltration with dark-staining large cells, lymphocytes of different sizes, and
      reticulumlike cells. Marek's disease (MD) herpesvirus was not isolated from 74
      quail tested, nor were antibodies to MD detected in 84 sera. Antibodies to
      reticuloendotheliosis (3/24) and avain leukosis virus subgroup A (2/24) were
      present. The possible etiology of this disease is discussed.

PMID- 176989
TI  - New strains of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Maine.
AB  - Twelve IBV isolants from diseased chickens in Maine were studied by serum
      neutralization tests in chicken tracheal culture. Six isolants were neutralized
      by Mass-type antisera. The serum-neutralizing characteristics of six other
      isolants from vaccine breaks differed from any of the standard IBV viruses and
      appear to comprise three new strains, Maine 209, 212,and 246. The data provide
      additional evidence that strains of IBV responsible for disease probably vary
      from region to region and that the strains present must be known for a regional
      vaccination program to be effective.

PMID- 176990
TI  - Cross-protection studies with a Holland strain (Noblis H-52) of infectious
      bronchitis virus.

PMID- 176991
TI  - Immunity to infectious bronchitis virus from spray vaccination with derivatives
      of a Holland strain.
AB  - Study was made of the protection of chickens from spray vaccination with
      different modifications of a Holland (H) strain of infectious bronchitis virus
      (IBV). Noted in each trial were the virus-serum-neutralizing antibody titers
      induced and the virulence of the vaccine virus at different passage levels.
      Protection against respiratory signs was good from challenge with a homologous
      virus serotype as well as with 5 heterologous IBV isolates. This occurred from
      vaccinating day-old chicks possessing homologous IBV antibodies as well as
      vaccinating susceptible 4-week-old chickens. The tracheal virus shed-rate
      following challenge was considered low (20% or less) with 4 of the challenge
      viruses. The challenge virus shed-rate was somewhat higher from vaccination at
      one day old than from vaccination at 4 weeks; the virus-serum-neutralization
      titers were lower, or even insignificant, with early-age vaccination. The
      immunogenicity and virulence of the vaccine virus was apparently reduced in the
      higher embryo passages employed. None of the vaccine derivatives was considered
      virulent under these conditions.

PMID- 176992
TI  - Isolation and identification of a turkey respiratory adenovirus.
AB  - A virus with physical and biological characteristics of an adenovirus was
      isolated from turkey poults with respiratory disease. The virus was ether
      resistant and incorporated [3H] thymidine. Electron microscopy revealed virions
      of icosahedral configuration, approximately 78 nm in diameter, within the nuclei
      of infected cells. The virus produced cytopathology in turkey kidney cells, but
      did not produce observable disease when inoculated into commercial turkey poults
      or specific-pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs. Virus-neutralization tests
      indicated widespread exposure to the virus in North Carolina turkey populations.

PMID- 176993
TI  - The influence of thymectomy on Rous sarcoma regression.
AB  - The incidence of regression of wing-web tumors induced by Rous sarcoma virus was
      shown to be dependent on the quantity of thymus tissue remaining after neonatal
      thymectomy in chickens of inbred line 6. Frequency of metastasis was associated
      negatively with the amount of thymus tissue present. Tumor regression and
      metastasis restriction both appeared dependent on the quantity of thymic tissue
      present.

PMID- 176994
TI  - The effects of norepinephrine biosynthesis inhibition on the consolidation of two
      discriminated escape responses.

PMID- 176995
TI  - Lack of tolerance or sensitization to the effects of chronic d-amphetamine on
      substantia nigra self-stimulation.

PMID- 176996
TI  - [Rapid immunologic test for drugs and narcotics in urine].

PMID- 176997
TI  - [The myoepithelial cell and its significance for the histogenesis of mammary
      tumors in the bitch].

PMID- 176998
TI  - Expression of the human adenylate kinase isozymes, phosphopyruvate hydratase, 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase-1 in man-rodent somatic
      cell hybrids.
AB  - The expression of the adenylate kinase isozymes and of phosphopyruvate hydratase
      was studied in man-mouse and man-hamster hybrid clones. Concordant segregation of
      the loci coding for AK-2 and PPH was observed in 54 of 55 primary hybrid clones,
      and these loci were demonstrated to be synthetic with the loci specifying PGM-1
      and PGD. The pattern of expression of the four enzymes in discordant clone
      suggests the gene order 1pter-(PGD, PPH)-AK-2-PGM-1-centromere. In addition, AK-1
      was found to be expressed independently of AK-2.

PMID- 176999
TI  - Resolution and functional characterization of two mitochondrial iron-sulphur
      centres of the 'high-potential iron-sulphur protein' type.
AB  - Two distinct iron-sulphur centres of the 'HiPIP' (high-potential iron-protein)
      type are distinguished in both pigeon heart and ox heart mitochondria. These two
      species, although both are paramagnetic in the oxidized state, exhibit signals
      which differ in their detailed line shape, field position, and temperature- and
      power-dependence. They also exhibit different thermodynamic and kinetic behaviour
      and are located on opposite sides of the mitochondrial coupling membrane. One of
      these centres corresponds to Centre S-3. The other 'HiPIP'-type centre is removed
      readily from the mitochondrial membrane and its physiological function is not
      known.

PMID- 177000
TI  - Effects of cholecalciferol on the translocation of calcium by non-everted chick
      ileum in vitro.
AB  - An apparatus is described that allows perfusion of a non-everted segment of
      intestine in vitro and the study of the accumulation of substances within the
      mucosal cells. The translocation of Ca(2+) by rachitic-chick ileum and the effect
      of pretreatment with cholecalciferol was investigated, with the following
      conclusions. (1) Entry of Ca(2+) across the microvilli into mucosal cells is by
      diffusion; it does not require metabolic energy or the presence of any other
      inorganic ions. (2) Pretreatment of the chick with cholecalciferol causes
      increased permeability of the microvillus to Ca(2+) in both directions (lumen to
      cell, cell to lumen). The increased transport brought about by cholecalciferol in
      vivo can be partially mimicked by sodium dodecyl sulphate added in vitro. (3) The
      sign and the magnitude of the electrical potential difference prevailing across
      the ileum does not influence Ca(2+) transport. (4) Exit of Ca(2+) from the
      mucosal cell is temperature-sensitive, requires metabolic energy and Na(+). (5)
      Pretreatment with cholecalciferol caused increased movement of Ca(2+) out of the
      cell across the basement membranes. This effect of cholecalciferol given in vivo
      could be markedly increased by the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide in the
      perfusion fluid. These observations suggested that cholecalciferol increased
      Ca(2+) entry (and exit) at the mucosal surface and also caused Ca(2+) to be more
      available to the pump at the serosal surface.

PMID- 177002
TI  - Regulation of mitochondrial protein turnover by thyroid hormone(s).
AB  - 1. The effect of thyroidectomy on turnover rates of liver, kidney and brain
      mitochondrial proteins was examined. 2. In the euthyroid state, liver and kidney
      mitochondria show a synchronous turnover with all protein components showing more
      or less identical half-lives compared with the whole mitochondria. The brain
      mitochondrial proteins show asynchronous turnover, the soluble proteins having
      shorter half-lives. 3. Mitochondrial DNA (m-DNA) of liver and kidney has half
      lives comparable with that of whole mitochondria from these tissues. 4.
      Thyroidectomy results in increased half-lives of liver and kidney mitochondria,
      with no apparent change in the half-life of brain mitochondria. 5. A detailed
      investigation of the turnover rates of several protein components revealed a
      significant decrease in the turnover rates of mitochondrial insoluble proteins
      from the three tissues under study. 6. The turnover rates of m-DNA of liver and
      kidney show a parallel decrease. 7. Thus it is apparent that thyroid hormone(s)
      may have a regulatory role in maintaining the synchrony of turnover of liver and
      kidney mitochondria in the euthyroid state. Turnover of brain mitochondria may
      perhaps be regulated by some other factor(s) in addition to thyroid hormone(s).
      8. It seems likely that during mitochondrial turnover m-DNA and insoluble
      proteins may constitute a major unit. 9. The mitochondrial protein contents of
      the three tissues are not affected by thyroidectomy. 10. No correlation was seen
      between the turnover rate of mitochondria and cathepsin activity in any of the
      tissues under study in normal or thyroidectomized animals. 11. On the other hand,
      mitochondrial proteinase activity shows good correlation with the turnover rates
      of mitochondria in normal animals, and a parallel decrease in activity comparable
      with the decreased rates of turnover is observed after thyroidectomy. 12. It is
      concluded that mitochondrial proteinase activity may play a significant role in
      their protein turnover.

PMID- 177003
TI  - Gluconeogenesis by isolated guinea-pig liver parenchymal cells.
AB  - 1. Guinea-pig hepatocytes were prepared by collagenase digestion of the perfused
      liver. 2. The highest rates of gluconeogenesis were obtained from fructose,
      followed by pyruvate, xylitol and lactate, glycerol and propionate in that order.
      Maximum rates of gluconeogenesis were attained at 6-10mm substrate. 3. An initial
      15-min lag period occurred during gluconeogenesis from lactate. This lag was
      abolished by preincubating the cells or by preincubation plus the addition of
      NH(4)Cl or lysine. 4. The lactate/pyruvate and 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate
      ratios were increased during the lag and adjusted to values favouring rapid
      gluconeogenesis from lactate after 15min. 5. The data suggest that the low
      glucose synthesis during the lag resulted from a limitation of the glutamate
      aspartate shuttle and from the unusual redox state of the NAD(+) couple
      prevailing during this period. 6. At 0.1mm, amino-oxyacetate, a transaminase
      inhibitor, decreased gluconeogenesis from lactate by 80%, but had a negligible
      effect on glucose production from pyruvate. Gluconeogenesis from lactate was also
      inhibited (20%) by 10mm-dl-3-hydroxybutyrate.

PMID- 177001
TI  - Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and palmitoyl-coenzyme A hydrolase in cardiac
      subcellular fractions of hyperthyroid rabbits and cardiomyopathic hamsters.
AB  - Activities of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase were
      determined in cardiac subcellular fractions prepared from rabbits which has
      received tri-iodothyronine and from hamsters with hereditary cardiomyopathy
      (strain BIO 14.6). 1. Both mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of hyperthyroid
      rabbit hearts produced 4-5 times as much diacylglycerol 3-phosphate from glycerol
      3-phosphate and palmitate as did those of euthyroid hearts. 2. Phosphatidate
      phosphohydrolase, measured with phosphatidate emulsion, was activated by 1mm
      Mg(2+) in all but the mitochondrial fraction of euthyroid rabbit hearts. The
      activation was more pronounced in subcellular fractions isolated from
      hyperthyroid hearts, so that the measured activities were significantly increased
      above those of the controls. The highest activity was found in the microsomal and
      lysosomal fractions. 3. In the absence of Mg(2+) during incubation, the
      difference in phosphohydrolase activities between eu- and hyper-thyroid states
      was not significant. 4. The phosphohydrolase of subcellular fractions of control
      hamsters did not respond to addition of 0.5-8.0mm-Mg(2+). The enzyme from
      cardiomyopathic hearts was slightly inhibited by this bivalent cation and
      therefore significant increases in activity were observed only in the absence of
      Mg(2+) from the assay system. 5. The rate of reaction by soluble phosphatidate
      phosphohydrolase was similar regardless of the nature of the substrate. Both when
      microsomal-bound phosphatidate was used as the substrate and when phosphatidate
      suspension was used, the activity of soluble enzyme was lower than that of the
      microsomal and lysosomal enzymes measured with phosphatidate suspension; this was
      especially so when the assay was carried out in the absence of Mg(2+). Neither
      tri-iodothyronine nor cardiomyopathy influenced the soluble phosphohydrolase
      activity in the two species. 6. Neither tri-iodothyronine nor cardiomyopathy
      significantly changed palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activities in subcellular
      fractions. 7. Microsomal diacylglycerol acyltransferase and myocardial
      triacylglycerol content were also unchanged in the hyperthyroid state.

PMID- 177005
TI  - The estimation of the linoleic acid content of plasma cholesteryl esters.

PMID- 177004
TI  - The release of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate from the isolated perfused
      rat heart.
AB  - Although basal release of cyclic AMP from isolated perfused rat hearts was not
      measurable, isoprenaline induced substantial release of the nucleotide,
      suggesting that in vivo the myocardium can contribute to plasma cyclic AMP.
      Anoxia also increased the amount of cyclic AMP released, but insulin and
      nicotinate alone or in combination had no effect.

PMID- 177006
TI  - Purification and succinylation of cyclic GMP from large volume samples and
      radioimmunoassay of succinyl cyclic GMP.

PMID- 177008
TI  - Hydrocortisone induction of phenylalanine hydroxylase isozymes in cultured
      hepatoma cells.

PMID- 177007
TI  - A chemical approach for the localization of membrane sites involved in lymphocyte
      activation.

PMID- 177009
TI  - The intracellular location of hepatic fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase.

PMID- 177011
TI  - Lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide ("paragloboside") as a possible tumor-associated
      surface antigen of hamster NILPY tumor.

PMID- 177010
TI  - Cofactor recycling in liquid membrane-enzyme systems.

PMID- 177012
TI  - Regulation of prostaglandin metabolism: activation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin
      dehydrogenase by chlorpromazine and imipramine related drugs.

PMID- 177013
TI  - Some biochemical properties of alkyl phosphotriesters of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 177014
TI  - Protein-SV40 DNA complex stable in high salt and sodium dodecyl sulfate.

PMID- 177015
TI  - A kinetic model for phosphofructokinase based on the paradoxical action of
      effectors.

PMID- 177016
TI  - Effect of hormones on cyclic AMP levels in cultured human cells.

PMID- 177017
TI  - Steroid hormone receptor fraction stimulation of RNA synthesis: a caution.

PMID- 177018
TI  - Purification and spectrophotometric assay of neomycin phosphotransferase II1;.

PMID- 177019
TI  - Decarboxylation of mevalonate pyrophosphate is one rate-limiting step in hepatic
      cholesterol synthesis in suckling and weaned rats.

PMID- 177020
TI  - Thyrotropin interactions with human fat cell membrane preparations and the
      finding of soluble thyrotropin binding component.

PMID- 177021
TI  - Adriamycin: energy metabolism and mitochondrial oxidations in the heart of
      treated rabbits.

PMID- 177022
TI  - Biologic effects of short-term phenobarbital treatment on the response to vitamin
      D and its metabolites in the chick.

PMID- 177023
TI  - Effect of propranolol on ethanol metabolism-evidence for the role of
      mitochondrial NADH oxidation.

PMID- 177024
TI  - Stimulation of rho-aminohippuric acid transport in rabbit kidney cortex by
      parathyroid hormone and adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate.

PMID- 177025
TI  - Cyclic AMP metabolism in the cardiac tissue of the spontaneously hypertensive
      rat.

PMID- 177027
TI  - [ADAM syndrome].
AB  - We present six cases of ADAM syndrome, that we have been studying at the Unit of
      Clinical Genetics of the Hospital Infantil de Mexico. We wish to stress how it is
      possible using medical photography to appreciate the different characteristics of
      ADAM syndrome: A-Amniotic, D-Deformation, A-Adhesions, M-Mutilation.

PMID- 177026
TI  - Letter: Effects of salicylate on liver enzymes in normal young adults.

PMID- 177028
TI  - Analysis of metabolic changes in revertants of antibiotic-resistant micobacteria.
AB  - In the present report evaluation of the possible metabolic changes in partially
      revertants of M. tuberculosis var. hominis, reisolated from strains at high
      levels of drug-resistance after treatment with mutagenic agents, was reported.
      Based on the data presented here, it must be concluded that no significant
      biological and biochemical differences in mycobacterial cells revertant from high
      mutants mono-resistant to four aminoglycosides (Sm, Kana, Vio, Neo) and p
      aminonasalicylic acid (PAS) are to be found.

PMID- 177029
TI  - [Seroepidemiologic research on the antipoliomyelitic immunity in adult
      unvaccinated subjects].
AB  - The Authors carried out a serological research on the polimyelitis viruses in 727
      adult subjects who had not been vaccinated orally. The results of the titration
      of the neutralizing antibodies showed that the situation of immunity with respect
      to poliomyelitis is still satisfactory. However, the difficulty of making an
      exact estimation of the duration of the state of immunity to poliomyelitis, and
      the persistent, though reduced, circulation of wild polioviruses are such that a
      continuous epidemiological control is advisable.

PMID- 177030
TI  - [Protective effect of complexogenic drugs (BAL, alpha-mercaptopropionyl-glycine)
      on some enzyme activities of the kidney of rats treated with chlormerodrin-Hg197.
      Histochemical studies].

PMID- 177031
TI  - [Protective effect of complexogenic drugs (cysteamine, cysteine) on some enzyme
      activities of the kidney of rats treated with chlormerodrin-Hg197. Histochemical
      studies].

PMID- 177033
TI  - Proceedings: Heart scanning with 99Tcm stannous pyrophosphate.

PMID- 177032
TI  - Dietary cholesterol, plasma cholesterol and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 177034
TI  - Proceedings: Changes in cyanide concentrations induced by sodium nitroprusside
      (SNP).

PMID- 177035
TI  - Treatment of transplanted rat tumours with double-stranded RNA (BRL 5907). I.
      Influenced of systemic and local administration.
AB  - Growth of transplanted rat tumours was retarded and in some cases completely
      suppressed when cells were injected subcutaneously in admixture with double
      stranded RNA (ds-RNA). This response required intimate contact between ds-RNA and
      tumour cells and systemic treatment with the agent failed to prevent progressive
      growth of a range of rat tumours. Direct cytotoxic effects of ds-RNA may
      contribute to tumour suppression since the compound was cytotoxic in vitro for
      cultured tumour cells. The involvement of host factors is suggested, however, by
      the in vivo tests showing variations in susceptibility to ds-RNA mediated tumour
      suppression similar to that previously observed with bacterial adjuvants.

PMID- 177036
TI  - Treatment of transplanted rat tumours with double-stranded RNA(BRL 5907). II.
      Treatment of pleural and peritoneal growths.
AB  - Intrapleural growth of transplanted rat tumours was prevented or retarded by
      intrapleural administration of double-stranded RNA. A similar suppression of
      growth was achieved with peitoneal tumours by the intraperitoneal injection of
      the compound. These studies indicate the possible potential of this form of
      treatment of thoracic and peritoneal tumours for clinical application in the
      treatment of mesothelioma.

PMID- 177037
TI  - Studies on the relationship between concanavalin A and SV40-transformed human
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The extent of binding of 125I-Con A to the surface of SV40-transformed human
      fibroblasts and the degree of agglutination of the cells by the native lectin
      have been measured. In addition, trypsinized and succinylated Con A have been
      used to study the effects of the lectin upon certain cell growth parameters.
      Trypsinized Con A was found to alter the growth rate, the saturation density and
      the contact inhibition of the transformed cells, an effect not neutralized by
      alph-methyl-D-mannoside.

PMID- 177038
TI  - Recovery of herpes simiae (B virus) from both primary and latent infections in
      rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The suspected ability of herpes simiae (B virus) to persist in a latent form has
      been confirmed in rhesus monkeys. The virus was recovered from primary oral
      lesions of 2 young monkeys and again, 6 months after disappearance of symptoms,
      from cultures of Gasserian ganglia taken from the same individuals. B virus was
      identified by its effects in vivo and in vitro and in cross neutralization tests
      with antisera to reference B virus and herpes simplex virus. Tests showed that
      the same virus was present in oral lesions and in ganglia. The one-way
      immunological relationship between herpes simplex virus and B virus was clearly
      shown in results of cross neutralization tests.

PMID- 177039
TI  - Latency of Herpes Simiae (B virus) in rabbits.
AB  - When small doses of herpes simplex virus (HSV) were given to rabbits a
      significant degree of protection was afforded against later infection with herpes
      simiae (B virus). Only 12/47 rabbits died within 3 weeks of receiving B virus
      dosages that would normally have proved lethal. B virus became latent in
      survivors and was recovered from brain and spinal cord suspensions from rabbits
      which died within 6 months and from dorsal root ganglia of rabbits which had
      survived for more than 2 years without overt signs of infection. A minority of
      the survivors tested also yielded HSV. Rabbits with latent B virus in the ganglia
      showed little or no detectable neutralizing antibody to B virus. The possibility
      is discussed that human populations having a high frequency occurrence of HSV
      antibody may include carriers of latent B virus.

PMID- 177040
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in livers of tumour bearing rats.
AB  - An ultrastructural study of the livers of rats bearing transplanted mammary
      carcinomata from 4 to 12 weeks after transplantation revealed changes mainly in
      cytoplasmic structure of hepatocytes. The significant findings were pleomorphism
      of mitochondria, presence of large number of myelin figures, marked increase in
      microbodies, dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, proliferation of smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum, intracytoplasmic cholesterol clefts and absence of
      increase in lysosomes. These alterations have been compared with that of others
      who have used different animal model systems to study the effect of tumour in
      livers of host. Centrioles in Kupffer cells are described for the first time in
      this study.

PMID- 177041
TI  - Effects of 8-substituted adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate derivatives on high Km
      phosphodiesterase activity.
AB  - Most of twenty-one 8-substitued adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate derivatives were
      found to inhibit competitively the hydrolysis of adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate by
      partially purified high Km (Michaelis-Menten constant) phosphodiesterase from hog
      brain cortex, which had one active site at high concentration of adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (0.3 to 4.0 mM). The Ki value for the 8-substituted
      alkylaminoadenosine 3'5'-monophosphate derivative was found to decrease with
      increasing unbranched carbon chain of the substituent, and a minimum value was
      obtained in the case of 8-octylaminoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. The Ki value,
      however, increased gradually as the substituent of derivative became longer than
      that of 8-octylminoadenosine 3'5'-monophosphate. The similar phenomenon was
      observed in the 8-substituted alkylthioadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. The
      standard affinity for adenosine 3,5'-monophosphate of the high Km
      phosphodiesterase was 5.0 kcal/mol, which was calculated from Km. The standard
      affinity for 8-hexylthioadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, which inhibited most
      strongly the enzyme activity, was 7.2 kcal/mol. The difference (2.2 kcal/736)
      between the standard affinity for adenosine 3',5'-monphosphate and that for 8
      hexylthioadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate seems to be based on the partial affinity
      for the substituent (hexylthio group) of the active site on the enzyme or its
      neighborhood. A characteristic similar interrelation between substituent length
      of derivatives and their inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity was observed
      similarly in two different series of derivatives, 8-substituted
      alkylaminoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and alkylthioadenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate. The results may indicate the characteristic structure of the
      active site of the enzyme or its neighborhood.

PMID- 177042
TI  - Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica: their
      relationship to synaptic membranes.
AB  - The 16S and 8S forms of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), which are composed of an
      elongated tail structure in addition to the more globular catalytic subunits,
      were extracted and purified from membranes from Torpedo californica electric
      organs. Their subunit compositions and quaternary structures were compared with
      11S lytic enzyme which is derived from collagenase or trypsin treatment of the
      membranes and devoid of the tail unit. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis in the absence of reducing agent, appreciable populations of
      monomeric through tetrameric species are observed for the 11S form. Under the
      same conditions, the 16S form yields only monomer and dimer in addition to a
      higher molecular weight species. If complete reduction is effected, only the
      80,000 molecular weight monomer is dominant for both the 11S and 16S forms. Cross
      linking of the 11S form by dimethyl suberimidate followed by reduction yields
      monomer through tetramer in descending frequency, while the 16S form  again shows
      a high molecular weight species. A comparison of the composition of the 11S and
      16S forms reveals that the latter has an increased glycine content, and 1.1 and
      0.3 mol % hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, respectively. Collagenases that have
      been purified to homogencity and are devoid of amidase and caseinolytic activity,
      but active against native collagen, will convert 16S acetylcholinesterase to the
      11S form. Thus, composition and substrate behavior of the 16S enzyme are
      indicative of the tail unit containing a collagen-like sequence. A membrane
      fraction enriched in acetylcholinesterase and components of basement membrane can
      be separated from the major portion of the membrane protein. The 16S but not the
      11S form reassociates selectively with this membrane fraction. These findings
      reveal distinct similarities between the tail unit of acetylcholinesterase and
      basement membrane components and suggest a primary association of AchE with the
      basement membrane.

PMID- 177043
TI  - The monosaccharide composition and sequence of the carbohydrate moiety of human
      serum low density lipoproteins.
AB  - Human serum low density lipoprotein (d = 1.027-1.045) was delipidated with
      organic solvents and the apoprotein digested with thermolysin. The digest was
      fractionated by gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Two
      glycopeptides were obtained. One of the glycopeptides (GP-I) contained 2 residues
      of N-acetylglucosamine and 6 residues of mannose per mole of the glycopeptide,
      while the other contained 2 sialic acid, 5 mannose, 2 galactose, and 3 N
      acetylglucosamine residues per mole of glycopeptide. The results of sequential
      enzymatic digestion with purified glycosidases, periodate oxidation, and partial
      acid hydrolysis lead us to propose the following sturctures for the two
      glycopeptides: (see article). These glycopeptides represent at least 50% of the
      carbohydrate moiety of LDL.

PMID- 177044
TI  - Inactivation and reactivation of mitochondrial respiration by charged detergents.
AB  - Respiration of submitochondrial preparations can be inhibited by the cationic
      detergent cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and the anionic detergent sodium
      dodecyl sulfate in the range of 0.3-2 mumol of detergent per mg of mitochondrial
      membrane protein depending on the substrate and detergent used. This inhibition
      can be rapidly reversed by neutralizing a given detergent by the detergent of the
      opposite charge. At higher levels of the inhibiting detergent, no such
      reactivation was observed. Spin labeling assays of membrane structure were used
      to correlate structural effects with the loss and recovery of respiratory
      functions. Because the detergents progressively disrupt membrane structure,
      mitochondrial were cross-linked with bifunctional imidoesters to an extent that
      osmotic properties and detergent lysis were gone, but respiration remained. Such
      fixed respiring mitochondria also show inhibition reactivation phenomena.

PMID- 177045
TI  - Energy transduction in photosynthetic bacteria. X. Composition and function of
      the branched oxidase system in wild type and respiration deficient mutants of
      Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.
AB  - The respiratory chain of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, strain St. Louis and of two
      respiration deficient mutants (M6 and M7) has been investigated by examining the
      redox and spectral characteristics of the cytochromes and their response to
      substrates and to specific respiratory inhibitors. Since the specific lesions of
      M6 and M7 have been localized on two different branches of the multiple oxidase
      system of the wild type strain, the capability for aerobic growth of these
      mutants can be considered as a proof of the physiological significance of both
      branched systems "in vivo". Using M6 and M7 mutants the response of the branched
      chain to respiratory inhibitors could be established. Cytochrome oxidase
      activity, a specific function of an high potential cytochrome b (E'0 = +413 mV)
      is sensitive to low concentrations of KCN (5-10(-5) M); CO is a specific
      inhibitor of an alternative oxidase, which is also inhibited by high
      concentrations of KCN (10(-3) M). Antimycin A inhibits preferentially the branch
      of the chain affected by low concentrations of cyanide. Redox titrations and
      spectral data indicate the presence in the membrane of three cytochromes of b
      type (E'0 = +413, +260, +47 vM) and two cytochromes of c type (E'0 = +342, +94
      mV). A clear indication of the involvement in respiration of cytochrome b413,
      cytochrome c342 and cytochrome b47 has been obtained. Only 50% of the dithionite
      reducible cytochrome b can be reduced by respiratory substrates also in the
      presence of high concentrations of KCN or in anaerobiosis. The presence and
      function of quinones in the respiratory electron transport system has been
      clearly demonstrated. Quinones, which are reducible by NADH and succinate to
      about the same extent can be reoxidized through both branches of the respiratory
      chain, as shown by the response of their redox state to KCN. The possible site of
      the branching of the electron transport chain has been investigated comparing the
      per cent level of reduction of quinones and of cytochromes b and c as a function
      of KCN concentrations in membranes from wild type and M6 mutants cells. The site
      of the branching has been localized at the level of quinones-cytochrome b47. A
      tentative scheme of the respiratory chains operating in Rhodopseudomonas
      capsulata, St. Louis and in the two respiration deficient mutants, M6 and M7 is
      presented.

PMID- 177046
TI  - The branched respiratory system of photosynthetically grown Rhodopseudomonas
      capsulata.
AB  - Various respiratory electron transport activities of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata
      were studied in membrane fragments prepared from photosynthetically grown cells
      of a parental strain and two terminal oxidase-defective mutant strains. The NADH
      and succinate oxidase activities of the mutant having a functional N,N,N1,N1
      tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine oxidase, M6, were consideraly more sensitive to
      inhibition by either antimycin A or cyanide than the corresponding activities of
      the mutant lacking a functional N,N,N1,N1-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine oxidase,
      M7. The parental strain, Z-1, but not the mutants, showed biphasic inhibitory
      responses of NADH and succinate oxidase activities with either antimycin A or
      cyanide. In certain reactions no differences in inhibitor susceptibility were
      found among the strains tested, implying that the pathways involved were
      unaffected in the mutants. In this category were the actions of rotenone on NADH
      oxidase, antimycin A on cytochrome c reductase and, in M6 and Z-1, cyanide on
      N,N,N'N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine oxidase. These results suggest that the
      respiratory chain of the parental strain branches at the ubiquinone-cytochrome b
      region into two pathways, each branch goes to a distinct terminal oxidase, and
      either may be blocked independently by genetic mutation.

PMID- 177048
TI  - Radiolysis of cytochrome c. Effect of radiolytically generated eaq- on
      ferrocytochrome c.

PMID- 177047
TI  - A flash photolysis ESR study of photosystem II signal IIvf, the physiological
      donor to P-680+.
AB  - In flash-illuminated, oxygen-evolving spinach chloroplasts and green algae, a
      free radical transient has been observed with spectral parameters similar to
      those of Signal II (g approximately 2.0045, deltaHpp approximately 19G). However,
      in contrast with ESR Signal II, the transient radical does not readily saturate
      even at microwave power levels of 200 mW. This species is formed most efficiently
      with "red" illumination (lambda less than 680 nm) and occurs stoichiometrically
      in  a 1:1 ratio with P-700+. The Photosystem II transient is formed in less than
      100 mus and decays via first-order kinetics with a halftime of 400-900 mus.
      Additionally, the t1/2 for radical decay is temperature independent between 20
      and 4 degrees C; however, below 4 degrees C the transient signal exhibits
      Arrhenius behavior with an activation energy of approx. 10 kcal-mol-1. Inhibition
      of electron transport through Photosystem II by o-phenanthroline, 3-(3,4
      dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea or reduced 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p
      benzoquinone suppresses the formation of the light-induced transient. At low
      concentrations (0.2 mM), 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone
      partially inhibits the free radical formation, however, the decay kinetics are
      unaltered. High concentrations of 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone
      (1-5 mM) restore both the transient signal and electron flow through Photosystem
      II. These findings suggest that this "quinoidal" type ESR transient functions as
      the physiological donor to the oxidized reaction center chlorophyll, P-680+.

PMID- 177049
TI  - Zero field resonance and spin alignment of the triplet state of chloroplasts at 2
      degrees K.
AB  - Microwave induced transitions in zero magnetic field have been observed in the
      photoinduced triplet of chloroplasts treated with dithionite by monitoring
      changes in the intensity of the 735 nm fluorescence band at 2 degrees K. Similar
      results were obtained with chloroplasts treated with hydroxylamine plus 3-(3,4
      dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and preillumination. The zero field parameters
      are D = 0.02794 +/- 0.00007 cm-1, E = 0.00382 +/- 0.00007 cm-1, i.e. equal to
      those of monomeric chlorophyll a to within the experimental error. The
      photoinduced triplet appears to be linked to Photosystem II. This indicates that
      the low temperatures 735 nm fluorescence band of chloroplasts is at least partly
      due to Photosystem II.

PMID- 177051
TI  - The effect of hypoxia on uptake and degradation of low density lipoproteins by
      cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Atheroma have been produced in experimental animal by systemic hypoxia. This
      study assessed the effects of hypoxia on binding, uptake and degradation of human
      low density lipoprotein (LDL) by human arterial smooth muscle cells, the cell
      involved in atherogenesis. The LDL content of the smooth muscle cell grown in the
      usual conditions (95% air [20% O2], 5% CO2) increased with the incubation time of
      LDL in the medium (7.5 mug protein/ml of medium); the trypsin releasable LDL
      "binding" reached a plateau by 24 h (2.2 +/- 1.3 [x +/- S.D.]) ng/mug LDL protein
      added per 10(6) cells whereas the LDL in the cell after trypsinization ("net
      uptake") continued to increase up to 48 h (6.5 +/- 4.6 ng/mug LDL protein added
      per 10(6) cells at 48 h). LDL protein degradation increases rapidly between 7 and
      48 h (10.4 ng/mug LDL protein added per 10(6) cells at 24 h) after an initial
      delay of approximately 7 h. Smooth muscle cells grown under hypoxic conditions
      (5%02) had similar LDL "binding " but showed increased "net uptake" (10.7 +/- 4.8
      ng/mug LDL protein added per 10(6) cells) and a 36 +/- 13% decrease in
      degradation (p less than 0.05; n =8). The impaired degradation of lipoprotein by
      smooth muscle cells may, in part, explain the role of hypoxia in atherogenesis.

PMID- 177050
TI  - Uptake and degradation of low density lipoprotein by swine arterial smoot muscle
      cells with inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis.
AB  - We have previously proposed on the basis of studies in hepatectomized animals
      that low density lipoproteins are degraded at a significant rate by peripheral
      tissues. To test the capacity of one peripheral cell type to catabolize low
      density lipoprotein, cultures of swine aortic smooth muscle cells were incubated
      with homologous 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein and uptake and degradation
      measured. Degradation of 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein to products soluble
      in trichloroacetic acid showed an initial lag period of 1--2 h after which the
      rate increased and remained linear for the following 15 h. Rates of degradation
      increased sharply with low density lipoprotein concentration over the lower range
      (from 0--25 mug protein/ml) and then more slowly up to the highest concentration
      tested, 300 mug protein/ml. Even at very low concentrations, 1 mug low density
      lipoprotein protein/ml (less than 10% of the plasma low density lipoprotein
      concentration), the in vitro degradation rate (per kg of smooth muscle cells)
      exceeded the in vivo degradation rate (per kg of total body weight). To the
      extent that smooth muscle cells are representative of other peripheral cells, the
      results support the proposal that peripheral degradation of low density
      lipoprotein apoprotein may be quantitatively important. The rate of incorporation
      of labeled acetate into sterols was suppressed in cells incubated with whole
      serum, low density and very low density lipoproteins, or suspensions of free
      cholesterol. In this respect, the results were similar to those observed in human
      skin fibroblasts studied concurrently. However, high density lipoprotein
      inhibited sterol synthesis by about 25% in swine smooth muscle cells while it had
      no effect in human skin fibroblasts.

PMID- 177052
TI  - The content of prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F2alpha in the exudate of
      carrageenin granuloma of rats.
AB  - 1. Granuloma was made by the subcutaneous injection of 2% carrageenin solution on
      the dorsum of male rats. Eight, 16, 24 and 72 h after the injection. the exudate
      from each rat granuloma was withdrawn and extracted for rpstaglandins. 2.
      Extracted prostaglandins were separated prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F group
      by silicic acid mini-column chromatography. Then the amount of prostaglandin E
      and prostaglandin F2alpha were determined by the radioimmunoassay method. 3. The
      levels of prostaglandin E in the granuloma exudates were 4.6 ng/ml at 8 h after
      the carrageenin injection, then decreased 3.6 ng/ml and to 1.1 ng/ml at 16 h and
      24 h, respectively. Seventy-two h after the injection, prostaglandin E level was
      increased to 8.1 ng/ml. 4. The levels of prostaglandin F2alpha in the exudate
      were as follows: At 8 h after the carrageenin injection, the level was 9.4 ng/ml,
      then decreased to 1.3 ng/ml and to 0.8 ng/ml at 16 h and 24 h, respectively.
      Seventy-two h after the carrageenin injection, it was again elevated to 4.7
      ng/ml. 5. The exudate of granuloma, 24 and 72 h after the carrageenin injection,
      was incubated with [3H]prostaglandin E1 at 37 degrees C for 30 min. Then the
      acidic ether extract was subjected to reversed phase partition chromatography. It
      was found that the exudate of 24 h and 72 h granuloma had little activity of
      prostaglandin 15alpha-hydroxy dehydrogenase.

PMID- 177053
TI  - Combined enzymatic and chemical approaches to the synthesis of unique
      polyribonucleotides.
AB  - The enzymatic polymerization by polynucleotide phosphorylase of 6-chloro-9-(beta
      D-ribofuranosyl)purine 5'-diphosphate to poly(6-chloropurinylic acid) and its
      conversion to poly(6-thioninosinic acid) is described. The sulfur isostere of
      poly(I) was found not to form a complex with poly(C), but to form a self
      association complex with a Tm around 295 degrees K. The sedimentation velocities,
      pKa and Tm values of the polymer have been examined under various conditions. A
      two (or more) stranded helical array is suggested as the most probable structure.
      Thermal loss of the thione chromophore was noted for poly- (S6I), S6IMP and S6I;
      the degradation product from S6I was shown to be inosine.

PMID- 177054
TI  - Stimulatory actions of thyrotropin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on transcription and
      translation in the regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis.
AB  - When beef thyroid cells were incubated with thyrotropin and then tested for
      protein synthesizing activity, the stimulatory effect of thyrotropin appeared in
      two distinct phases: first, an immediate stimulation which continued as long as
      thyrotropin was present, but died away promptly after withdrawal of the added
      thyrotropin; and second, a delayed stimulation with a lag period of 1 to 2 h,
      which persisted after thyrotropin withdrawal. The fast and the delayed effects
      each stimulated protein synthesis by about 25%, so that after 4 h of thyrotropin
      treatment, total stimulation amounted to 50% above basal levels of activity. The
      fast thyrotropin effect was not affected by actinomycin D or cordycepin, and
      hence is evidently not dependent upon induced RNA synthesis. In contrast, the
      delayed thyrotropin effect was completely prevented by actinomycin D or
      cordycepin. These findings suggest that the fast effect of thyrotropin occurs at
      the translational level to provide for acute adjustments in thyroglobulin
      production by regulating the rate of translation of existing mRNA. The delayed
      thyrotropin effect, by initiating certain transcriptional reactions could be the
      means for selectively inducing the production of specific enzymes or proteins.
      Both the fast and delayed effects of thyrotropin were faithfully reproduced by
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP. This finding seems to be the first in vitro demonstration
      of a cyclic AMP induced transcriptional response to a hormone in mammalian cells.

PMID- 177056
TI  - Non-lytic, non-ionic detergent extraction of plasma membrane constituents from
      normal and transformed fibroblasts.
AB  - A technique has been developed for the selective extraction of plasma membrane
      protein constituents from normal and transformed cell employing non-ionic
      detergents. The extraction procedure does not damage cells as judged by cell
      viability, 51Cr release, and trypan blue staining. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed
      iodination followed by detergent extraction permits demonstration of a 100,000
      dalton protein which is found on the surface of normal but not transformed
      hamster and mouse fibroblasts.

PMID- 177055
TI  - Stimulation of cartilage macromolecule synthesis by adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate.
AB  - The role of cyclic AMP in the regulation of cartilage macromolecule synthesis in
      vitro was studied in pelvic cartilage from 10-12 day chick embryos. Incubation of
      cartilages in medium containing 0.5 mM cyclic AMP resulted in a 30% inhibition of
      35SO4-2, [3H]leucine and [3H]uridine incorporation into proteoglycan, total
      protein and RNA, respectively. Higher concentrations of cyclic AMP had no greater
      effects. In contrast, butyrylated cyclic AMP derivatives (0.5-5.0 mM) added to
      the incubation medium stimulated (50-100%) the incorporation of these
      radiolabeled precursors into cartilage macromolecules. Theophylline, in
      concentrations (0.1-0.5 mM) which raise intracellular cyclic AMP, also increases
      the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into macromolecules. The data
      indicate that exogenous cyclic AMP and butyrylated cyclic AMP derivatives have
      paradoxical effects on cartilage macromolecule synthesis. Butyrylated cyclic AMP
      derivatives, not exogenous cyclic AMP, mimic the effects of intracellular cyclic
      AMP. Incubation of embryonic chicken cartilage with exogenous cyclic AMP results
      in the extracellular degradation of the cyclic AMP to adenosine. Adenosine (0.125
      mM) inhibits precursor incorporation into cartilage macromolecules. The
      metabolism of exogenous cyclic AMP generates sufficient adenosine to account for
      the observed inhibitory effects of exogenous cyclic AMP on cartilage
      macromolecule synthesis. Butyrylated cyclic AMP derivatives are not degraded
      during incubation with cartilage. The data indicate that cartilage is a tissue in
      which the effect of cyclic AMP is to stimulate anabolic processes.

PMID- 177057
TI  - Morphological and biochemical characterization of light and heavy myelin isolated
      from developing rat brain.
AB  - Myelin from developing rat brains was separated on a discontinuous sucrose
      gradient into subfractions of two different densities, i.e. light and heavy
      myelin. Electron photomicrographs showed that heavy myelin consisted primarily of
      large compacted multilamellar structures with a distinct intraperiod line
      characteristic of myelin in situ. Light myelin, on the other hand, was composed
      of small vesicles having a unilamellar structure. Similar to whole myelin, both
      membrane subfractions were highly enriched in 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'
      phosphohydrolase. The specific activity of the enzyme, however, showed no
      developmental trend. Both subfractions contained all the four major proteins
      characteristic of the whole myelin membrane. There were, however, quantitative
      differences in the relative distribution of these proteins between light and
      heavy myelin. Basic protein accounted for 55% and proteolipid protein for 46% of
      the total myelin proteins of light and heavy myelin, respectively. DM-20
      (Agrawal, H.C., Burton, R. M., Fishman, M.A., Mitchell, R.F. and Prensky, A.L.
      (1972) J. Neurochem. 19, 2083-2089) exhibited a developmental "switch" between
      light and heavy myelin. Light myelin appeared to contain more DM-20 in 15- to 20
      day-old rat brain, whereas the concentration of this protein was higher in heavy
      myelin at subsequent ages studied.

PMID- 177058
TI  - Altered surface topology and membrane functions of rat thymocytes eluted from
      nylon wool columns.
AB  - (1) Following incubation of thymocytes with nylon wool at 37 degrees C, the
      eluted cells showed an increase in the number of microvilli per cell and a
      concominant elongation of the microvilli (0.22 mum versus 1.15 mum. (2) Cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate (cylic AMP) levels were lowered by 30-50% in nylon wool
      treated thymocytes. (3) Nylon wool-treated cells showed an impaired Na+-dependent
      amino acid transport system (2-aminoisobutyrate) whereas the Na+-independent
      amino acid transport system (1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylate) was unaffected.

PMID- 177059
TI  - On the use of the spin labeling technique in the study of erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - ESR spectra and scanning electron micrographs of human erythrocytes spin labeled
      with the conventional stearic acid nitroxide substituted at the 5-position have
      been obtained over a range of label-to-lipid ratios. While morphological changes
      as previously reported (Bieri, V. G., Wallach, D. F. H. and Lin, P. S. (1974)
      Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 71, 4797-4801) are reproduced, it is shown that at
      label-to-lipid ratios of 1:10 or less the basic ESR spectrum is not significantly
      affected. At low label concentrations the spin labeling technique is a viable one
      and can be used to investigate membrane properties.

PMID- 177060
TI  - Endogenous cyclic AMP in thyroid cell culture. Effect of thyroid-stimulating
      hormone and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
AB  - We have studied the variations of endogenous cyclic AMP levels in thyroid cells
      cultured over a period of 7 days in several conditions: in the presence of
      thyroid-stimulating hormone or dibutyryl cyclic AMP which both promote the
      aggregation of isolated cells into follicles, and in their absence when cells
      develop as a typical monolayer. In follicle-forming cells, the cyclic AMP level
      was found to rise during the first day of culture, then to fall rapidly. In
      monolayer-forming cells, the cyclic AMP content slightly increases attaining the
      same level as found in other cells at the fourth day, which remains stable till
      the seventh day. We have investigated the response of these cells cultured in the
      presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP retain the capability of increasing their cyclic
      AMP concentration whereas monolayer-forming cells do not preserve this quality of
      thyroid cells.

PMID- 177061
TI  - Sedimentation behavior of solubilized gonadotropin receptor from plasma membranes
      of bovine corpus luteum.
AB  - The gonadotropin receptors associated with plasma membrane fractions were
      solubilized by detergents, including Triton X-100, Lubrol WX, Lubrol PX and
      sodium deoxycholate before and after equilibration with 125I-labelled human
      chorionic gonadotropin. The binding activity remained in solution even after
      centrifugation at 300 000 X g for 3 h. The solubilized gonadotropin receptor or
      gonadotropin receptor complex was characterized by gel filtration and sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of
      solubilized gonadotropin-receptor complex in the presence of Triton X-100 had a
      sedimentation coefficient of 6.5 S whereas the solubilized uncomplexed receptor
      had a sedimentation coefficient of 5.1 S. In the absence of the detergent,
      solubilized hormone receptor complex from plasma membrane fractions I and II
      sedimented with an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 6.6 S and 7.4 S,
      respectively. Similarly, the free receptor also showed higher sedimentation
      profile with an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 6.7 S for fraction I and
      7.2 S for fraction II. Treatment of plasma membranes with phospholipase A and C
      inhibited the binding of 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotropin in a dose
      dependent manner, whereas phospholipase D was without any effect. Doses of 1.4
      mI. U. of phospholipase A or 0.6 mI.U. of phospholipase C were required to
      produce 50% inhibition of the binding activity. These phospholipases had no
      effect on the preformed 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotropin-receptor
      complex nor on the sedimentation profile of solubilized gonadotropin receptor
      complex.

PMID- 177062
TI  - An adenosine 3':5' monophosphate dependent protein kinase from sea urchin
      spermatozoa.
AB  - A cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) from sea urchin sperm as
      purified to near homogeneity and characterized. A 68-fold purification of the
      enzyme was obtained. This preparation had a specific activity of 389 000 units/mg
      protein with protamine as the substrate. On the basis of the purification
      required, it may be calculated that the protein kinase constitutes as much as
      1.5% of the soluble protein in sperm. There appeared to be a single form of the
      enzyme in sea urchin sperm, based on the behavior of the enzyme during DEAE
      cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. Magnesium ion was required
      for enzyme activity. The rate of phosphorylation of protamine was stimulated 2.5
      fold by an optimal concentration of 0.9 M NaCl. The Km for ATP (minus cyclic AMP)
      was 0.119 +/- 0.013 (S.D.) and 0.055 mM +/- 0.009 (S.D.) in the presence of
      cyclic AMP. The specificity of the enzyme toward protein acceptors, in decreasing
      order of phosphorylation, was found to be histone f1 protamine, histone f2b,
      histone f3 and histone f2a; casein and phosvitin were not phosphorylated. The
      holoenzyme was found to have an apparent molecular weight of 230 000 by Sephadex
      G-200 chromatography. In the presence of 5 - 10(-6) M cyclic AMP, the holoenzyme
      was dissociated on Sephadex G-200 to a regulatory subunit of molecular weight 165
      000 and a catalytic subunit of Mr 73 000. The dissociation could also be
      demonstrated by disc gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of cyclic
      AMP.

PMID- 177063
TI  - Nucleoside-dependent protein kinase from Trypanosoma gambiense.
AB  - A nucleoside-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) was partially purified from
      Trypanosoma gambiense, the pathogenic agent of sleeping sickness. This enzyme
      catalyzes the phosphorylation of histone and protamine. Various nucleosides at
      the concentration of 10(-4) M stimulated the histone kinase activity about two
      fold, whereas cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were without effect. The pH-optimum for
      histone phosphorylation was at about pH 7.0. The enzyme activity absolutely
      depends on Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+. The apparent Km-value for histone was 0.3 mg/ml
      and those for ATP were 2 - 10(-4) M and 6 - 10(-5) M in the absence or presence
      of 10(-4) M adenosine respectively. IDP and ADP complete with ATP. The inhibition
      constants were calculated to be 2 - 10(-4) M and 2.5 - 10(-4) M, respectively.
      The molecular weight of the histone kinase was found to be 95 000 by gel
      filtration and 88 000 by sedimentation in a sucrose gradient.

PMID- 177064
TI  - Characterization of protein phosphokinase activities in horse thyroid nuclei.
AB  - The distribution of protein phosphokinase (EC 2.7.1.37) activities has been
      established in horse thyroid nuclei. The presence of several enzyme activities
      has been demonstrated, two of which are clearly distinct. The first one acts on
      histone as substrate and is activated by cyclic AMP. Physico-chemical properties
      of this nuclear cyclic AMP-dependent histone kinase and of the cytosol histone
      kinase are different, demonstrating the absence of a contamination from the
      cytosol. The second enzyme acts on casein as substrate and is not stimulated by
      cyclic AMP POR CYCLIC GMP. The findings are consistent with the observation of
      thyrotropin stimulation of histone phosphorylation in thyroid nuclei.

PMID- 177065
TI  - Activation of rat liver pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase.
AB  - The activity of the pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase (ATP:dCMP
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.4.14) from rat liver is dependent upon the presence of
      sulfhydryl-reducing agents. Addition to the inactive enzyme of 2-mercaptoethanol
      (5 mM), a reagent specific for cleavage of disulfide bonds, effects a reduction
      in molecular weight from approx. 53 000 to 17 000, measured by molecular sieve
      chromatography. This low molecular weight form is partially active in the
      presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (f mM). In absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, the low
      molecular weight form is inactive. Higher concentrations of 2-mercaptoethanol (50
      mM) fully reactivate the CMP(ATP) kinase activity followed by dCMP(ATP) and
      CMP(dCTP) kinase activities in a sequential manner, without further change in
      moelcular weight. Alkylation by iodoacetamide of the enzyme at different stages
      of reactivation in dithiothreitol suggests an ordered appearance of the various
      enzyme activities. Furthermore, iodoacetamide inactivates the fully active
      enzyme. Thioredoxin was found to activate the enzyme in a manner similar to 2
      mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. These results are consistent with the
      interpretation that the mechanism of activation of the enzyme involves cleavage
      of inter- and intramolecular disulfide bonds.

PMID- 177066
TI  - Procollagenase from bovine gingiva.
AB  - 1. Collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) is released from bovine gingival explants in vitro
      as a zymogen. The zymogen does not hydrolyze collagen and does not form a complex
      with alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2-M). It elutes in gel filtration with an
      apparent molecular weight of approx. 80 000. 2. Incubation of the zymogen with
      trypsin results in a 15 000-20 000 dalton decrease in molecular weight and
      imparts to the enzyme the ability to hydrolyze collagen and to form a complex
      with alppha2-M. 3. The zymogen can be completely separated from the active enzyme
      to alpha2-M. Likewise, the zymogen can be harvested from cultures supplemented
      with serum.

PMID- 177067
TI  - Chemical characterization and study of the autodigestion of pure collagenase from
      Achromobacter iophagus.
AB  - Only one collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) is produced by the non-pathogenic
      Achromobacter iophagus strain. The chromatography of the crude enzyme on DE-32
      cellulose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 in the presence of 1 M
      sodium chloride led to the isolation of a homogeneous enzyme. Its specific
      activity (1.642 mukat/mg) represents the highest value ever obtained for a
      bacterial collagenase. The amino acid composition of A. iophagus collagenase
      differs from that of Clostridium histolyticum mainly in the sulfur-containing
      amino acids. 1 mol of zinc was found for 1 mol of enzyme of molecular weight 104
      000. The autodegradation of the A. iophagus collagenase results in the formation
      of at least three active fractions which can be separated by preparative
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as rechromatography on DE-32
      cellulose. They are active towards the synthetic substrate as well as towards the
      native collagen. The results of ORD have shown that the digestion of the last one
      occurs in the helical parts of the substrate.

PMID- 177068
TI  - Inhibition of hydroxyproline synthesis by palladium ions.
AB  - Palladium ions, administered as PdSO4, markedly affect the incorporation of L
      [3,4-3H2] proline into non-dialyzable fractions in 10-day chick embryo cartilage
      explants with a 55-65% reduction in the concentration range 0.06-0.6 mM. Under
      these conditions the synthesis of [3H]hydroxyproline was nearly completely
      inhibited. Experiments with prolyl hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2) indicated a strong
      irreversible inhibition of the enzyme with a competition between Fe2+ and Pd2+.
      The Ki for the inhibition was 0.02 mM. Pd2+-treated enzyme remained inactive
      after extensive dialysis. These studies suggest that Pd2+ may inhibit collagen
      synthesis by replacing Fe2+ in the active site of prolyl hydroxylase and forming
      strong complexes with the enzyme. These studies also point to a potential
      mechanism of Pd2+ toxicity.

PMID- 177069
TI  - [Research on subcellular localization of procollagen proline hydroxylase from
      chick embryo liver (author's transl)].
AB  - Subcellular fractionation by differential centrifugation was used to study
      protocollagen proline hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2) localization from chick embryo
      liver. The fractions have been characterized by marker enzymes and electron
      microscopy. By these methods, it was observed that procollagen-proline
      hydroxylase is concentrated in the microsomal fraction which is sedimented at 145
      000 X g in 250 mM sucrose.

PMID- 177070
TI  - The effect of several diphosphonates on acid phosphohydrolases and other
      lysosomal enzymes.
AB  - Diphosphonates are known to inhibit bone resorption in tissue culture and in
      experimental animals. This effect may be due to their ability to inhibit the
      dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals, but other mechanisms may be important.
      Since lysosomal enzymes have implicated in the process of bone resorption, we
      have examined the effect of several phosphonates and of a polyphosphate (P20,2)
      on lysosomal hydrolases derived from rat liver and rat bone. Dichloromethylene
      diphosphonate strongly inhibited acid beta-glycerophosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) and
      acid p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) and to a lesser degree (in descending
      order) acid pyrophosphatase (EC 3.1.3.-), arylsulfatase A (EC 3.1.6.1),
      deoxyribonuclease II(EC 3.1.4.6) and phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16) of
      rat liver. Inhibition of acid p-nitrophenyl phosphatase and arylsulfatase A was
      competitive. Ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate did not inhibit any of these
      enzymes, except at high concentrations. Neither dichloromethylene diphosphonate
      nor ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate had any effect on beta-glucuronidase (EC
      3.2.1.31), arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2) and cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5). Of several
      other phosphonates tested only undec-10-ene-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonic acid
      inhibited acid p-nitrophenyl phosphatase strongly, the polyphosphate (P20, I) had
      little effect. Acid p-nitrophenyl phosphatase in rat calvaria extract behaved in
      the same way as the liver enzyme and was also strongly inhibited by
      dichloromethylene diphosphonate, but not by ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate.
      It is suggested that the inhibition of bone resorption by dichloromethylene
      diphosphonate might be due in part to a direct effect of this diphosphonate on
      lysosomal hydrolases.

PMID- 177071
TI  - Catalytic and regulatory properties of two forms of bovine heart cyclic
      nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
AB  - The soluble supernatant fraction of bovine heart homogenates may be fractionated
      on a DEAE cellulose column into two cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (EC
      3.1.4.-):PI and PII phosphodiesterases, in the order of emergence from the
      column. In the presence of free Ca2+, the PI enzyme may be activated several fold
      by the protein activator which was discovered by Cheung((1971) J. Biol. Chem.
      246, 2859-2869). The PII enzyme is refractory to this activator, and is not
      inhibited by the Ca2+ chelating agent, ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethyl
      ether)-N, N'-tetraacetate (EGTA). The activated activity of PI phosphodiesterase
      may be further stimulated by imidazole or NH+4, and inhibited by high
      concentrations of Mg2+. These reagents have no significant effect on either the
      PII enzyme or the basal activity of PI phosphodiesterase. Although both forms of
      phosphodiesterase can hydrolyze either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP, they exhibit
      different relative affinities towards these two cyclic nucleotides. The PI enzyme
      appears to have much higher affinities toward cyclic GMP than cyclic AMP. Km
      values for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP are respectively 1.7 and 0.33 mM for the non
      activated PI phosphodiesterase; and 0.2 and 0.007 mM for the activated enzyme.
      Each cyclic nucleotide acts as a competitive inhibitor for the other with Ki
      values similar to the respective Km values. In contrast with PI
      phosphodiesterase, PII phosphodiesterase exhibits similar affinity toward cyclic
      AMP and cyclic GMP. The apparent Km values of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP for the
      PII enzyme are approx. 0.05 and 0.03 mM, respectively. The kinetic plot with
      respect to cyclic GMP shows positive cooperativity. Each cyclic nucleotide acts
      as a non-competitive inhibitor for the other nucleotide. These kinetic properties
      of PI and PII phosphodiesterase of bovine heart are very similar to those of rat
      liver cyclic GMP and high Km cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases, respectively (Russel,
      Terasaki and Appleman, (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 1334).

PMID- 177072
TI  - Protein inhibitor of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase in
      retina.
AB  - A protein acting as inhibitor of cyclic 3':5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC
      3.1.4.1.) activity was found in the ox retina tissue. An inhibitor from one
      tissue (ox retina) effectively cross-inhibited a phosphodiesterase from another
      tissue (rat brain), indicating a lack of tissue specificity. Kinetic analysis
      showed that inhibition was independent of the time of preliminary incubation of
      the inhibitor with enzyme but dependent on its concentration in the reaction
      mixture. An inhibitor decreased the V of the enzyme and had no effect on its Km
      for cyclic adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate. The inhibitory effect was more
      pronounced with cyclic adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate than with cyclic guanosine
      3':5'-monophosphate used as substrates of the reaction. The extractable form of
      the phosphodiesterase of the retina rod outer segments was much more sensitive to
      the inhibitory action than the membrane-bound one. The binding of labeled cyclic
      adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate to the inhibitory protein was shown not to occur.
      The inhibitor was sensitive to trypsin treatment, indicating that it was a proten
      attempt was mode to purify the inhibitory factor. Gel filtration indicated that
      the inhibitor had a molecular weight of 38 000.

PMID- 177073
TI  - Human blood platelet 3': 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Isolation of low
      Km and high-Km phosphodiesterase.
AB  - Human blood platelet contained at least three kinetically distinct forms of 3':
      5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (3': 5'-cyclic-AMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase,
      EC 3.1.4.17) (F I, F II, and F III) which were clearly separated by DEAE
      cellulose column chromatography. Although a few properties of the platelet
      phosphodiesterases such as their substrate affinities and DEAE-cellulose profile
      resembled somewhat those of the three 3': 5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
      in rat liver reported by Russell et al. [10], there were pronounced differences
      in some properties between the platelet and the liver enzymes: (1) the platelet
      enzymes hydrolyzed both cyclic nucleotides and lacked a highly specific cyclic
      guanosine 3': 5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) phosphodiesterase and (2) kinetic
      data of the platelet enzymes indicated that cyclic adenosine 3': 5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP) and cyclic GMP interact with a single catalytic site on the enzyme.
      F I was a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a high Km for cyclic AMP and a
      negatively cooperative low Km for cyclic GMP. F II hydrolyzed cyclic AMP and
      cyclic GMP about equally with a high Km for both substrates. F III was low Km
      phosphodiesterase which hydrolyzed cyclic AMP faster than cyclic GMP. Each cyclic
      nucleotide acted as a competitive inhibitor of the hydrolysis of the other
      nucleotide by these three fractions with Ki values similar to the Km values for
      each nucleotide suggesting that the hydrolysis of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP
      was catalyzed by a single catalytic site on the enzyme. However, cyclic GMP at
      low concentration (below 10 muM) was an activator of cyclic AMP hydrolysis by F
      I. Papaverine and EG 626 acted as competitive inhibitors of each fraction with
      virtually the same Ki value in both assays using either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP
      as the substrate. The ratio of cyclic AMP hydrolysis to cyclic GMP hydrolysis by
      each fraction did not vary significantly after freezing/thawing or heat
      treatment. These facts also suggest that both nucleotides were hydrolyzed by the
      same catalytic site on the enzyme. The differences in apparent Ki values for
      inhibitors such as cyclic nucleotides, papaverine and EG 626 would indicate that
      three enzymes were different from each other. Centrifugation in a continuous
      sucrose gradient revealed sedimentation coefficients F I and II had 8.9 S and F
      III 4.6 S. The molecular weight of these forms, determined by gel filtration on a
      Sepharose 6B column, were approx. 240 000 (F I and II) and 180 000 (F III). F III
      was purified extensively (70-fold) from homogenate, with a recovery of
      approximately 7%.

PMID- 177074
TI  - Cytochrome c dependent, antimycin-A resistant respiration in mitochondria from
      potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.). Influence of wounding and storage time on
      outer membrane NADH-cytochrome-c-reductase.
AB  - Cytochrome c has two stimulatory effects on respiration of mitochondria
      especially those from wounded potato tuber. In the first place a stimulation of
      succinate- and NADH-consuming, antimycin-A-sensitive respiration, which reaches a
      maximal value at low cytochrome c concentrations, has been found. In the second
      place, at higher concentrations of cytochrome c a stimulation of NADH-consuming
      respiration occurs, which is antimycin-A-resistant, but KCN-sensitive. This
      antimycin-A-resistant, NADH-consuming respiration is absent, when no cytochrome c
      is added to the reaction medium. It is insensitive to metal chelators, to which
      the antimycin-A-and KCN-resistant plant mitochondrial alternative oxidase is
      sensitive. By measurements of NADH-cytochrome c reductase activities a
      corresponding antimycin-A-resistant NADH-cytochrome c reductase has been found,
      which is insensitive to osmotic shock treatment. A localization of this antimycin
      A-resistant electron transport with NADH as the electron donor in the outer
      mitochondrial membrane is likely. In the mitochondrial preparations cytochrome c
      might stimulate by acting as an electron-carrier between the outer membrane
      reductase and the inner membrane cytochrome oxidase. A big increase of the outer
      membrane mediated electron transport in the mitochondria has been observed after
      wounding of potato tuber tissue. The ability of the tissue to produce this
      electron transport pathway after wounding disappeared after prolonged storage of
      the tubers. A possible function of this electron transport pathway in fatty acid
      desaturation during the wound-reaction is suggested.

PMID- 177075
TI  - Catalytic activity of cytochromes c and c1 in mitochondria and submitochondrial
      particles.
AB  - 1. Beef heart mitochondria have a cytochrome c1:c:aa3 ratio of 0.65:1.0:1.0 as
      isolated; Keilin-Hartree submitochondrial particles ahve a ratio of 0.65:0.4:1.0.
      More than 50% of the submitochondrial particle membrane is in the 'inverted'
      configuration, shielding the catalytically active cytochrome c. The 'endogenous'
      cytochrome c of particles turns over at a maximal rate between 450 and 550 s-1
      during the oxidation of succinate or ascorbate plus TMPD; the maximal turnover
      rate for cytochrome c in mitochondria is 300-400 s-1, at 28 degrees-30 degrees C,
      pH 7.4. 2. Ascorbate plus N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine added to
      antimycin-treated particles induces anomalous absorption increases between 555
      and 565 nm during the aerobic steady state, which disappear upon anaerobiosis;
      succinate addition abolishes this cycle and permits the partial resolution of
      cytochrome c1 and cytochrome c steady states at 552.5-547 nm and 550-556.5 nm,
      respectively. 3. Cytochrome c1 is rather more reduced than cytochrome c during
      the oxidation of succinate and of ascorbate + N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylene
      diamine in both mitochondria and submitochondrial particles; a near equilibrium
      condition exists between cytochromes c1 and c in the aerobic steady state, with a
      rate constant for the c1 leads to c reduction step greater than 10(3) s-1. 4. The
      greater apparent response of the c/aa3 electron transfer step to salts, the
      hyperbolic inhibition of succinate oxidation by azide and cyanide, and the
      kinetic behaviour of the succinate-cytochrome c reductase system, are all
      explicable in terms of a near-equilibrium condition prevailing at the c1/c step.
      Endogenous cytochrome c of mitochondria and submitochondrial particles is
      apparently largely bound to cytochrome aa3 units in situ. Cytochrome c1 can
      either reduce the cytochrome c-cytochrome aa3 complex directly, or requires only
      a small extra amount of cytochrome c to carry the full electron transfer flux.

PMID- 177076
TI  - The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide "oxidase" of Acholeplasma laidlawii
      membranes.
AB  - An NADH dehydrogenase possessing a specific activity 3-5 times that of membrane
      bound enzyme was obtained by extraction of Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes with
      9.0% ethanol at 43 degrees C. This dehydrogenase contained only trace amounts of
      iron (suggesting an uncoupled respiration), a flavin ratio of 1:2 FAD to FMN and
      30-40% lipid. Its resistance to sedimentation is probably due to the high
      flotation density of the lipids. It efficiently utilized ferricyanide, menadione
      and dichlorophenol indophenol as electron acceptors, but not O2, ubiquinone Q10
      or cytochrome c. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the dehydrogenase were altered to
      linear functions upon extraction with 9.0% ethanol. A secondary site of
      ferricyanide reduction could not be explained by the presence of cytochromes,
      which these membranes lack. In comparison to other respiratory chain-linked NADH
      dehydrogenases in cytochrome-containing respiratory chains, this dehydrogenase
      was characterized by similar Km's with ferricyanide, dichlorophenol indophenol,
      menadione as electron acceptors, but considerably smaller V's with ferricyanide,
      dichlorophenol indophenol, menadione as electron acceptors, and smaller specific
      activities. It was not stimulated or reactivated by the addition of FAD, FMN,
      Mg2+, cysteine or membrane lipids, and was less sensitive to respiratory
      inhibitors than unextracted enzyme. The ineffectiveness of ADP stimulation on O2
      uptake, the insensitivity to oligomycin and the very low iron content of A.
      laidlawii membranes were considered in relation to conservation of energy by
      these cells. Some kinetic properties of the dehydrogenation, the uniquely high
      glycolipid content and apparently uncoupled respiration at Site I were noteworthy
      characteristics of this NADH dehydrogenase from the truncated respiratory chain
      of A. laidlawii.

PMID- 177077
TI  - RNA polymerases from a rat hepatoma. Partial purification and comparison of
      properties with corresponding liver enzymes.
AB  - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases were extracted from the nuclei of poorly
      differentiated tumor, Morris hepatoma 3924A, and purified by an initial
      chromatography on a DEAE-Sephadex column followed by fractionation on
      phosphocellulose and finally on a second DEAE-Sephadex column. Three major forms
      of RNA polymerase (IA, IB and II) were resolved chromatographically. Enzymes IA,
      IB and II eluted from DEAE-Sephadex at 75, 150 and 210 mM (NH4)2SO4,
      respectively. The specific activities (nmol UMP incorporated mg protein per 15
      min) of polymerases IA, IB and II were 40, 43 and 182, respectively.
      Concurrently, DNA-dependent RNA polymerases were extracted from normal liver and
      subjected to similar chromatographic procedure. Upon the final DEAE-Sephadex
      chromatography, enzymes IA, IB and II eluted at 110, 180 and 210 mM (NH4)2SO4,
      respectively. The recovery of polymerases IA, IB and II after purification was
      0.21, 0,28 and 0.42 unit/mg DNA, respectively, for hepatoma enzymes and 0.07,
      0.05 and 0.42 unit/mg DNA for the corresponding liver enzymes.

PMID- 177078
TI  - Biosynthesis of plasma membrane components by SV40-virus-transformed 3T3 mouse
      cells temperature sensitive for expression of some transformed cell properties.
AB  - We have studied the plasma membranes of an SV40-transformed 3T3 cell line
      temperature sensitive for the transformed growth phenotype (ts H6-15 cells), and
      have found that they vary little as a function of temperature of cultivation.
      Analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed on plasma membranes
      prepared from ts H6-15 cells cultured at the permissive (32 degrees C) and non
      permissive (39 degrees C) temperatures and radioactively-labelled in several
      ways. No significant differences were seen when the electrophoretic patterns of
      polypeptides of the plasma membranes of ts H6-15 cells, grown through 3-4
      generations in medium containing radioactive leucine (32 degrees C and 39 degrees
      C temperatures) were compared. Plasma membranes derived from cells similarly
      grown in medium with radioactive glucosamine indicated that extensive alterations
      in the intrinsic glycopeptides occurred in association with alteration in growth
      phenotype. A shift towards decreased synthesis of large molecular weight
      (congruent to 100 000-160 000) glycopeptides occurred in cells grown at the
      temperature of non-transformed growth (39 degrees C). A decrease in amount of a
      120 000 molecular weight glycopeptide at 39 degrees C was the most prominent of
      these alterations. We have studied the surface exposure of polypeptides and
      glycopeptides of intact cells grown at 32 and 39 degrees C, using lactoperoxidase
      catalyzed iodination, NaBH4 reduction of galactose oxidase-treated cells, and
      metabolic-labelling with glucosamine of trypsin-sensitive molecules. We found no
      major qualitative differences between whole cell extracts or between plasma
      membrane preparations of cells cultivated at the permissive and non-permissive
      temperatures. Of special interest was the observation that the formation and
      surface exposure of a trypsin-sensitive, 240 000 molecular weight polypeptide
      appeared not to be ts in ts H6-15 cells. The significance of these observations
      will be discussed.

PMID- 177079
TI  - Liver plasma membranes from essential fatty acid-deficient rats. Isolation, fatty
      acid composition, and activities of 5'-nucleotidase, ATPase and adenylate
      cyclase.
AB  - Tod determine whether changes in unsaturation of fatty acids in rat liver plasma
      membranes might alter activities of membrane-associated enzymes, liver plasma
      membranes were prepared from rats fed purified diets lacking or supplemented with
      essential fatty acids. Two methods of membrane purification were used. A similar
      degree of purification was obtained with both methods for both depleted and
      control membranes, as indicated by marker enzyme purification. The proportion of
      essential fatty acids of the linoleate series was significantly lower in
      phospholipids from depleted rats. The specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase was
      lower, and the activity, V and apparent Km for total (Na+ +K+ +Mg2+)-ATPase were
      higher in the depleted liver plasma membranes. Arrhenius plots of total ATPase
      activity showed a discontinuity at the same temperature for both the depleted and
      control membranes. Activity with the depleted membranes was higher at all
      temperatures tested. Supplementation of deficient rats with a source of essential
      fatty acids (corn oil) restored V and apparent Km values to normal. Adenylate
      cyclase activity in the presence of fluoride, glucagon or glucagon plus GTP was
      significantly lower in the depleted plasma membranes.

PMID- 177080
TI  - Measurement of the translational mobility of concanavalin A in glycerol-saline
      solutions and on the cell surface by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.
AB  - The fluorescence recovery kinetics of succinyl-fluorescein Concanavalin A (S-F
      ConA) in glycerol-physiological saline solutions of high viscosity and when bound
      to the surface of mouse fibroblasts were measured following brief photobleaching
      using a laser excited fluorescence microscope. In the high viscosity solutions,
      the recovery kinetics, interpreted on the basis of a simple diffusion model,
      yielded a diffusion coefficient in close agreement with the values predicted by
      the Stokes-Einstein equation. Recovery kinetics for S-F-ConA bound to the surface
      of mouse 3T3 and SV3T3 cells cultured in vitro yielded diffusion coefficients in
      the range of 5-10-10(-11) cm2/s, values considerably lower than those reported
      previously for membrane proteins. These measurements indicated that a
      considerable fraction of the S-F-ConA molecules bound to the cell surface are
      immobilized. These results are discussed in relation to current concepts of
      lateral motion of protein components within natural membranes.

PMID- 177081
TI  - Localization in the synaptic junction of the cyclic AMP stimulated intrinsic
      protein kinase activity of synaptosomal plasma membranes.
AB  - Synaptosomal plasma membrane fragments contain a tightly bound protein kinase
      which can catalyse the phosphorylation of endogenous protein the reaction bein
      stimulated by cyclic AMP. A fraction enriched in synaptic junctions, which can be
      isolated from Triton X-100-treated synaptosomal plasma membranes, is also
      enriched in the cyclic AMP stimulated intrinsic protein kinase. The location of
      the enzyme in the synaptic junction suggests that cyclic AMP-stimulated
      phosphorylation may have some role in synaptic transmission.

PMID- 177082
TI  - Permeability properties of the membrane of vesicular stomatitis virions.
AB  - Observations of the light-scattering properties of several enveloped viruses
      indicate that virions (vesicular stomatitis, SV5 and influenza), in common with
      other membrane systems, are osmotically active, responding to NaCl gradients by
      swelling in hypo-osmolar solutions and shrinking in hyperosmolar solutions. The
      permeability barrier responsible for this osmotic response in vesicular
      stomatitis virions was modified both by protease treatment to remove the viral
      glycoprotein and by treatment with the polyene antibiotic filipin, an agent known
      to interact with cholesterol in liposomes and membranes. Filipin altered the
      kinetic and equilibrium permeability behavior of virions but the extent of
      leakage of osmotic shocking agent was less than that in lecithin/cholesterol and
      lecithin/ergosterol liposomes and in ergosterol-containing ciliary membranes.
      Negative-staining electron microscopy revealed that filipin treatment caused
      structural changes in the viral membrane. Intact virions exhibited appreciably
      larger responses to osmotic change than did protease-treated virus particles.
      Thus, the osmotic barrier in intact vesicular stomatitis virions may not be
      exclusively lipid in nature.

PMID- 177083
TI  - [The "sarc" gene].

PMID- 177084
TI  - A model for the evolution of the proteins. Cytochrome c : mammals, reptiles,
      insects.

PMID- 177085
TI  - [Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of spontaneous dissociation of low density
      lipoproteins].
AB  - Plasma-lipoproteins isolated between d 1.020 and d 1.055 g/ml were partially
      delipidated with ethyl ether at 4 degrees C. This treatment induces a
      transformation of the lipoproteins which is evolutive during several days.
      Bidimensional immunoelectrophoresis reveals the lipoproteins dissociation and the
      appearance of 4 immunologically different fractions. The time dependent formation
      of these subunits is slowed down by EDTA and less efficiently by antioxydants.
      Once started, the dissociation can be accelerated by heating at 37 degrees C or
      by UV exposition. Another lipopeptide is more easily revealed by anti VLDL
      antiserum. It can be shown in the native and in the partially or completely
      delipidated LDL. Its presence does not depend on lipoprotein dissociation.

PMID- 177086
TI  - [Phospholipid composition and turnover in normal and SV40 transformed
      fibroblasts. Effect of cell density].
AB  - The phospholipid composition and turnover in normal and in SV 40 transformed
      hamster fibroblasts were studied. The amount of phospholipid phosphorus relative
      to protein is lower in transformed hamster fibroblasts than in normal
      fibroblasts. This amount decreases with increasing cell density until stationary
      growth is reached. The decrease is largest for the normal fibroblasts. In
      transformed cells, less sphingomyelin and more diphosphatidyl glycerol are found
      than in normal cells. The turnover of 32P in sphingomyelin is slower in
      transformed cells than in normal cells ; the contrary is observed with
      diphosphatidyl glycerol. On the other hand, in transformed cells, phosphatidyl
      ethanolamine has a faster turnover than phosphatidyl choline, whereas the
      contrary is observed in normal cells. Finally, the change to stationary growth
      slows down the turnover of 32P of all phospholipids, this decrease being more
      important in transformed cells.

PMID- 177087
TI  - Effect of substrate - binding on the immunologic reactivity of lobster - muscle
      arginine kinase : a comparison with rabbit - muscle creatine kinase.
AB  - The effects of substrate-binding upon the immunologic reactivity of rabbit
      creatine kinase and lobster arginine kinase have been investigated. The separate
      binding of the guanidine or the nucleotide substrate to creatine kinase yields no
      alteration of antigenicity and a substantial effect is only observed when all the
      loci at the active center of the enzyme, including that for the transferable
      phosphoryl group, are occupied. In contrast, the antigenic reactivity of arginine
      kinase is affected by the separate binding of either the guanidine or the
      nucleotide substrate, and the simultaneous binding of the two substrates results
      in a cumulative effect, which is irrespective of the phosphorylated or non
      phosphorylated form of the complex. These results support the existence of
      substrate-induced conformational changes demonstrated by other methods, and they
      reveal appreciable differences in their effect on the antigenic reactivity of the
      two enzymes.

PMID- 177088
TI  - Particulate regulator of thyroid protein phosphokinases.

PMID- 177089
TI  - [Adenylate cyclase/Lipase. Hormone receptor induction].
AB  - An adenylate cyclase activity (AC) was found in guinea pig brown adipose tissue
      (BAT), since the tissue's apparition. This enzymatic activity increased during
      the development and showed high values at the end of gestation. An increase of AC
      units per cell was observed, in addition to the cell multiplication. A
      norepinephrine stimulation of AC activity was observed at the end of gestation :
      this regulating action disappeared in the first days of extrauterine life.
      Neither glucagon nor ACTH had any regulating role upon AC activity during fetal
      and newborn life. The basal lipolytic activity which was observed in BAT of
      fetuses (61rst day) and neonate dramatically around the 15th day. A potent
      lipolysis activation by norepinephrine was observed, but only after birth. The
      correlation observed between these enzymatic activities in presence of
      norepinephrine seems to indicate that the AC/lipase system was involved in the
      neonatal thermogenesis of guinea pigs.

PMID- 177090
TI  - [Purification and properties of acetokinases of BCG and M. phlei].

PMID- 177091
TI  - [Isolation of peptide containing essential tyrosine from lobster arginine
      kinase].
AB  - The essential tyrosine residue of Lobster muscle arginine kinase, which is part
      of an antigenic determinant, has been modified by tetranitromethane. Cleavage of
      the S-carboxymethylated nitrated enzyme with cyanogen bromide gives rise to eight
      peptides, one of which containing the labelled essential tyrosyl group. Ion
      exchange chromatography on sulfoethyl-Sephadex C-25 in urea medium has been used
      with success for isolation and purification of the nitrated peptide. From its
      amino acid composition and end groups structure this peptide is the N-terminal
      fragment of the protein.

PMID- 177092
TI  - Labelling of biological macromolecules with covalent analogs of Magnesium. II. -
      Features of the chromic Cr (III) ion.

PMID- 177093
TI  - Inhibition of spleen acid phosphomonoesterase B by hydroxycarboxylic acids.

PMID- 177094
TI  - Vanadate inhibition of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and dicarboxylate
      carrier.

PMID- 177095
TI  - Influence of various inhibitors of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation on
      the lipolytic activity of isolated human adipocytes.

PMID- 177096
TI  - [Nucleoside diphosphate kinase of beef erythrocytes. Purification of
      phosphorylated form].

PMID- 177097
TI  - Evidence for three enzymatic activities in one electrophoretic band of 3
      phosphoglycerate mutase from red cells.
AB  - Electrophoresis of 3-phosphoglycerate mutase from erythrocytes of man and several
      animal species has been performed on cellulose acetate strips. In most cases the
      electrophoretic pattern of this enzymatic activity shows three bands. 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate phosphatase and diphosphoglycerate mutase from erythrocytes of
      the same species have been revealed after migration during the same
      electrophoresis. We found that the band of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase and
      the band of diphosphoglycerate mutase activities migrate at the same level as one
      of the bands corresponding to 3-phosphoglycerate mutase. Here, we discuss the
      possible existence of a single molecule carrying three enzymatic activities.

PMID- 177098
TI  - Beta-Glucosaminidase activity in situ of fibroblasts in monolayers. Variations in
      relation with density-dependent inhibition.

PMID- 177099
TI  - Protein synthesis in interferon treated cells.

PMID- 177100
TI  - Theophylline induced variations in cyclic AMP content of the superovulated
      preimplantation mouse embryo.

PMID- 177101
TI  - Energy metabolism of spermatozoa. IV. Effect of calcium on respiration of mature
      epididymal sperm of the rabbit.

PMID- 177103
TI  - 5beta-reductive pathway of progesterone metabolism in the amphibian ovarian
      cytosol.

PMID- 177102
TI  - Induction of motility in immature bovine spermatozoa by cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase inhibitors and seminal plasma.

PMID- 177104
TI  - Rabbit ovarian follicles. I. Isolation technique and characterization at
      different stages of development.

PMID- 177105
TI  - Basic concepts of the mechanism of action of peptide hormones.

PMID- 177106
TI  - The role of membrane bound receptors.

PMID- 177107
TI  - The role of cyclic AMP in gonadal steroidogenesis.

PMID- 177109
TI  - Protein hormone action: a key to understanding ovarian follicular and luteal cell
      development.

PMID- 177108
TI  - Follicle stimulating hormone regulation of protein kinase activity and protein
      synthesis in testis.

PMID- 177110
TI  - Control of the LH receptor by prolactin and prostaglandin F2alpha in rat corpora
      lutea.

PMID- 177112
TI  - Effect of cyproheptadine on the spontaneous diurnal variations of plasma ACTH
      cortisol and ACTH-GH secretion induced by l-dopa.
AB  - Cyproheptadine administration resulted in marked reduction and complete
      inhibition of the GH and ACTH-cortisol responses to L-dopa in a group of healthy
      subjects. If this drug acts by antagonizing serotonin, as assumed, this study
      suggests that serotonin is also involved in L-dopa induced GH and ACTH release.

PMID- 177111
TI  - Involvement of macrophages in genetic resistance to bone marrow grafts. Studies
      with two specific antimacrophage agents, carrageenan and silica.
AB  - Carrageenans and silica, agents toxic for macrophages, were used in this study to
      examine the role of macrophages in resistance of irradiated mice to inbred
      parental and rat bone marrow grafts. Administration of 2.5 mg of carrageenans or
      2.5-5 mg of silica particles intravenously to prospective graft recipients
      resulted in a prompt abrogation of hybrid and xenogeneic resistance. The
      macrophage stabilizer poly-2-vinylpyridine N-oxide (PVNO) injected subcutaneously
      in the dose of 150 mg/kg, 24 hr before silica prevented or reduced the
      suppression of resistance. PVNO, however, did not antagonize the suppression of
      resistance by carrageenen, horse anti-mouse thymocyte serum and cyclophosphamide.
      These results suggest that a) a subpopulation is involved in marrow graft
      rejection by irradiated mice; b) carrageenan and silica apparently act on
      macrophages by different mechanisms c) horse anti-mouse thymocyte serum and
      cyclophosphamide may act on cells other than macrophages or they act on
      macrophages by a different mechanism than silica, to resistance to bone marrow
      transplantation.

PMID- 177113
TI  - Interferon induction by a tumoral DNA in an homologous culture system.
AB  - The interferon induction by Rous sarcoma DNA in an homologous culture system and
      a further insight of its kinetics and antimetabolites action were the principal
      aim of the present study. There was a direct relation between the dose of the
      inducer and the protection against the cytoplathogenic effect of the challenging
      virus (VSV) reaching the highest activity (68-75% CPE inhibition) with 100 mug RS
      DNA. The kinetics of the induction revealed a peak inhibition by 18 hours after
      the inducer. Treatment with Actinomycin D evidenced that both interferon
      production and activity are modified. Its early addition resulted in a poor
      protection; but an accentuated interferon release was observed when
      antimetabolite was added 18 hours after the inducer. Similar results were
      obtained when its effect was studied on the activity of exogenous interferon.
      Interferon induction by Rous sarcoma DNA in an homologous system, allows the
      detection of a difference between tumoral and normal DNA at a biological level.

PMID- 177114
TI  - An inhibitor of hepatoma cells multiplication in the efferent fluid from isolated
      perfused rat liver.
AB  - Efferent fluid from isolated rat livers perfused with a synthetic medium, when
      concentrated, inhibits the multiplication of hepatoma LF 20 cells "in vitro". The
      inhibitory factor is thermolabile, and is inactivated at a slow rate by
      proteolytic enzymes. Sephadex and Acrylamide-agarose chromatographic
      fractionation leads us to assume a molecular weight around 100,000 for the
      inhibitory factor. The release of the factor by the perfused liver depends on the
      temperature of the perfusing fluid. Potential role of this factor in the control
      of liver cell proliferation is discussed.

PMID- 177115
TI  - Activity of human adenylate cyclase from human fat cell membranes.
AB  - Purified adipocytes plasma membranes have been prepared from human adipose
      tissue. The presence of an adenylate cyclase sensitive to epinephrine and
      fluoride has been demonstrated. Activation of the adenylate cyclase was usually 2
      to 4 fold in the presence of epinephrine 5.10-5M and 8 to 10 fold in the presence
      of fluoride 10 mM. The adenylate cyclase from human adipose tissue was
      insensitive to glucagon and ACTH; these results are in support of previous
      studies of lipolysis in isolated fact cells or tissue fragments from human
      adipose tissue.

PMID- 177116
TI  - Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens II. Detection of early
      antigen (S) using anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF) et complement fixation
      (CF) tests.
AB  - Using human sera having antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early
      antigens (EA)  but lacking antibodies directed against the EB nuclear antigen
      (EBNA), the detection of EBV/EA was possible both by the anticomplement
      immunofluorescent test (ACIF) and by the classical complement fixation test (CF).
      The latter is particularly suitable for biochemical studies on EA.

PMID- 177117
TI  - Letter: In vitro induction of EBV early antigens in NPC epithelial tumour cells
      by IUDR or superinfection.
AB  - Induction of early antigens in the epithelial tumour cells of NPC was achieved
      both by IUDR treatment and EBV superinfection.

PMID- 177118
TI  - Magnetic resonance distinction between site bound and atmospherically bound
      paramagnetic counterions in polyelectrolyte solutions.
AB  - A combination of the water protons NMR chemical shifts, longitudinal and
      transversal relaxation rates and of the paramagnetic counterion EPR signal is
      shown to provide a clear distinction between site binding, atmospheric trapping
      and free counterions in solutions of polyelectrolyte TMA salts with increasing
      concentrations of the divalent counterions Co++ and Mn++. Site binding is defined
      by the loss of water in the counterion first hydration shell while atmospheric
      binding results in a change in the counterion correlation time as compared to a
      free ion.

PMID- 177119
TI  - Letter: Intramolecular charge-transfer interaction between the oxidized and
      reduced forms of nicotinamide in a polymeric system. NAD coenzyme model.

PMID- 177120
TI  - Conformational energy calculations for dinucleotide molecules. A systematic study
      of dinucleotide conformation, with application to diadenosine pyrophosphate.

PMID- 177121
TI  - [Morphofunctional state of the digestive tract in the early stages of
      atherosclerosis].
AB  - Cholesterol, alpha- and beta-lipoproteids, serotonin were determined in the blood
      serum of dogs which were on atherogenic diet for 2 months. The serotonin content
      was examined in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Parallel
      studies of the structural changes were carried out in the vascular system (VS)
      and various parts of the GIT. There was found a direct correlation between a rise
      in the cholesterol and serotonin level in the blood and serotonin in the GIT
      tissues. The initial stages of atherosclerotic changes were revealed in the
      vascular system. Along with compensatory-adaptive changes detected in the
      duodenum and the upper protions of the small intestine, initial stages of
      dystrophic-atrophic processes were observed in the lower portions. Comparative
      analysis of biochemical and morphological data indicated that disturbances of the
      morphofunctional state in the GIT played an important role in the genesis of the
      early stages of atherosclerosis.

PMID- 177122
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the fatty acid composition of lipoproteins in
      human blood plasma and aortic wall].
AB  - A study was made of a fatty acid composition of individual lipid fractions in the
      lipoproteids of the blood serum of a very low, low and high density, and the wall
      of the aorta affected with atherosclerosis. There was a close similarity between
      a fatty acid composition of phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol esters
      of all the lipoproteid classes of the vascular wall and blood plasma. The fatty
      acid compostion of individual fractions proved to be similar in all the
      lipoproteid fractions. The lipids of the vascular wall not included into the
      lipoproteid composition differed considerably by their fatty acid composition
      from the lipids isolated from lipoproteids; lipids of the wall of the aorta
      contained much less unsaturated fatty acids than lipoproteids.

PMID- 177123
TI  - [Effect on drugs changing the intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate on interferon formation in chick embryo cells of different ages].
AB  - The effect of theophylline and adrenaline on the synthesis of interferon induced
      by the influenza B virus, strain Lee, in a chick embryo tissue culture was
      studied. Both preparation were found to decrease interferon synthesis when 5-day
      old cultures were used; the inhibitory effect was increased when the two drugs
      were used together. The degree of inhibition of interferon production depended on
      a dose of the preparation; the inhibition was still present even when the drugs
      ere introduced several hours after the cells were infected with interferonogen.
      The treatment of one-day-old cultures with theophylline resulted in increase of
      interferon synthesis, whereas administration of adrenaline alone or together with
      theophylline did not affect the level of interferon synthesis. The drugs used
      produced no effect on the reproduction of the test-virus of vesicular stomatitis,
      Newcastle disease and Chickungunya viruses in chick embryo cells and influenza B
      virus in the developing chick embryos. The results obtained are discussed from
      the point of view of a possible influence of the intracellular adenosine 3',5
      cyclic monophosphate level on the synthesis of virus-induced interferon.

PMID- 177124
TI  - [Effect of carbidine on the process of adrenergic neurotransmission].
AB  - Methods of physiological analysis were applied to a study of the effect of an
      original psychotropic agent--carbidine--on the process of adrenergic
      neurotransmission on a model of an isolated rat Vas deferens. The noradrenaline
      (NA) content was determined in the same ductus spectrofluorimetrically; the
      capacity of the neuroleptic to block the consumption of the exogenous NA by the
      tissue was also investigated. Carbidine proved to possess an adrenomimetic effect
      caused by it capacity to release NA, leading to a reduction of endogenous
      neuromediator stores.

PMID- 177125
TI  - [Autoradiographic study of human scirrhous gastric carcinoma during cultivation
      in diffusion chambers].
AB  - The growth of the epithelial and connective tissue cells was noted in cultivation
      of human schirrous carcinoma of the stomach in diffuse chambers. In difference to
      the initial tissue of the tumour in vitro in which no incorporation of thymidine
      H3 into the connective tissue cells was noted, these cells proved to be labeled
      under conditions of growth in the chambers. One hour after the administration of
      thymidine-H3 the percentage of cells with labeled nuclei averaged 25.1% this
      considerably exceeding the value of the label index determined under conditions
      of incubation in vitro of the initial tumour tissue (6.6%). Under conditions of
      cultivation there was revealed a rapidly proliferating subpopulation of cells
      with the mitotic cycle duration of 14.8 hours.

PMID- 177126
TI  - [Comparative study of the immune response of newborn and adult animals to the
      administration of tumor extracts].
AB  - Immunological reactivity to hepatoma 22a was studied in newborn and adult mice
      pretreated with tumour antigens. Treatment of newborn mice enhanced the growth
      rate of hepatoma 22a. Analogous treatment of adult mice resulted in the
      immunization effect. Evidently this difference was connected with a possible
      change of immunological reactivity to the tumour in newborn mice. This is
      supported by the results of cell dynamics--a mediated immunity assessed by the
      macrophage migration inhibition test. Splenic cells of the pretreated adult mice
      possessed the capacity to depress the macrophage migration more intensively in
      comparison with those of the pretreated newborn mice.

PMID- 177127
TI  - [Methods of obtaining antisera against antigens of the mammary cancer virus].
AB  - The authors used various methods of producing virus-containing preparations from
      mouse mammary carcinoma to obtain rabbit antisera against the mammary carcinoma
      antigens. The best results were achieved by means of the virus precipitation from
      the cultural fluids of carcinomas growing in vitro after preliminary hormonal
      stimulation of the virus yield followed by its purification in the sucrose
      density gradient.

PMID- 177128
TI  - [Cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate level in donor plasma].
AB  - The method of competitive protein binding was applied to the study of content of
      cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in donor plasma one day before and
      immediately after the donation of 200 ml of blood. The work was performed by
      Gilman's radiochemical method. Two types of reaction of donors to donorship were
      revealed: without any changes and with the changes of the cAMP level. In
      accordance with these reactions the donors were divided into two subgroups--the
      stable and the reactive ones. In repeated donors the cAMP level was higher than
      in the primary ones, and the reactive ones. In repeated donors the cAMP level was
      higher than in the primary ones, and at the time of blood recovery it increased
      even more particularly among persons of "reactive" type. In primary donors of
      reactive type the cAMP content before the blood donation was either below or over
      the mean value and either increased or decreased to the mean level after the
      blood loss.

PMID- 177129
TI  - [Changes in the noradrenaline level and synthesis of nuclear RNA in the brain of
      rats with disturbances of the emotions and conditioned-defense behavior].
AB  - Brain noradrenaline (Na) exhaustion in reserpine-, disulfiram-or diethyldithio
      carbamate-treated rats was followed by a fall of the nRNA synthesis, emotional
      and conditioned behaviour disturbances. In accumulation of cerebral NA (ipraside
      and imipramine injections) there is an increase in the rate of synthesis, of the
      nuclear RNA. Prevention of the exhausting effect of reserpine by a preliminary
      injection of ipraside also prevented disturbances of the nuclear RNA synthesis.

PMID- 177130
TI  - [Metabolism of liver polyphosphoisositides in rats during stimulating and
      depressing influences on the organism].
AB  - Under normal conditions the rate of the 32P-orthophosphate incorporation into the
      polyphosphoinositides was 30--40 times greater than into the other phospholipid
      fraction of the normal rat liver. There was a rapid postmortem alteration of the
      polyphosphoinositide content in the liver. Under conditions studied the changes
      in the phospholipid content were revealed in the polyphosphoinositide fractions
      only. The changes in the content and in the metabolic intensity of rat
      polyphosphoinositide in the liver were in many respects similar to those in the
      brain. Polyphosphoinositide fractions were found to be the most labile of all the
      phospholipid fractions in the rat liver.

PMID- 177131
TI  - [Phosphoinositides of the brain and liver of rats in ethanol poisoning].
AB  - Alcohol intoxication induced in the rat brain significant decrease in the
      monophosphoinositides level, but the di- and triphosphoinositides quantity did
      not change; the content of all the three studied fractions of the inositol
      containing phospholipids in the liver decreased. The tendency to retain the
      normal level of di- and triphosphoinositides in the brain following alcohol
      intoxication may be considered as an important factor providing physiological
      condition of the brain metabolism.

PMID- 177132
TI  - [Influence of nonakhlazin on adrenergic neurotransmission in the vas deferens of
      rats].
AB  - The effect of a new antianginal drug--nonachlazine on the adrenergic
      neurotransmission in the isolated rat vas deferens was studied by examining the
      vas deferens contractions in response to the transmural electric stimulation of
      the postganglionic sympathetic nerves and addition of noradrenaline (NA) or
      BaCl2. After the nonachlazine treatment the NA content in the vas deferens was
      also studied by the spectrofluorometric method. Besides, the effect of the drug
      on the uptake of the exogenous NA was investigated. Nonachlazine was found to
      possess some sympatholytic and spasmolytic effect and could block the uptake of
      the exogenous NA greatly.

PMID- 177133
TI  - In vitro colony-forming cells in the marrow of leukemic and preleukemic mice.
AB  - In vitro colony-forming cells (CFUc) were evaluated in preleukemic and leukemic
      AK mice. Increased concentrations of CFUc were found in normal appearing marrow
      of superinfected animals 2-3 wk prior to the onset of lymphoma. CFUc were present
      in marrows of mice with virus-accelerated, spontaneous, and transplanted
      lymphoma. CFUc concentration was often increased in mice with advanced disease
      and marrow replacement by lymphoblasts. When calculated on the basis of CFUc per
      normal marrow cells, this increase was marked. The colonies developed only in the
      presence of added colony-stimulating activity (CSA) and had the morphologic
      features of colonies from normal marrow. Leukemic cells did not form colonies.
      Lymphoma cells, from virus accelerated, spontaneous and transplanted lymphoma,
      did not produce CSA in feeder layers or conditioned medium. Leukemic and
      nonleukemic AK bone were found to produce similar small amounts of CSA. These
      studies showed that the preleukemic state as well as marrow replacement by
      lymphoblasts resulted in increased marrow CFUc's. No evidence for increased local
      production of CSA by lymphoblasts or the marrow microenvironment was found to
      account for this.

PMID- 177134
TI  - Abnormal parachloromercuriphenylsulfonate-sensitive cation channel in the
      erythrocytes of hereditary spherocytosis.
AB  - The erythrocytes of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) demonstrate an increased inward
      movement of sodium ions, an alteration which has been proposed as the primary
      defect leading to cell destruction. Parachloromercuriphenylsulfonate (PCMBS), an
      agent reacting with sulfhydryl groups of the membrane, increases the cation
      permeability of normal red cells, but does so to a much lesser extent in the HS
      red cells. On the other hand, pronase that is specific for amino groups of the
      membrane increases cation permeability and decreases anion permeability equally
      in normal and HS red cells. It may be postulated that a decreased number of
      sulfhydryl sites or a mutation of proteins in the PCMBS-sensitive cation channels
      of the HS cell membrane result in this hyposensitivity to PCMBS.

PMID- 177135
TI  - [Immunologic status in Hodgkin patients: correlation with Epstein-Barr virus
      titers].
AB  - 1. In Hodgkin's disease patient's immunological in vitro and in vivo parameters
      are of prognostic importance. 2. Skin test reactivity correlates to peripheral T
      lymphocyte counts and Con A induced lymphoblastogenesis. 3. Con A is the most
      sensitive in vitro indicator for detecting latent immunodeficiency. 4. Hodgkin
      patients in long term remission after tumor reductive therapy exhibit a
      qualitative and quantitative lymphocyte defect. 5. In Hodgkin patients Herpes
      virus related antibody titers are elevated against Epstein Barr virus (EBV). The
      elevation coincides with a decreased T-cell number and function. Antibodies
      against other Herpes viruses (HSV, CMV, VZV) are in the normal range, when tested
      by the complement fixation method.

PMID- 177136
TI  - [Biochemical study of the human palmar aponeurosis under normal and pathological
      conditions].
AB  - Study of oxyproline content of the palmar aponeurosis connective tissue. The
      knowledge of the quantity of the above mentioned aminoacid, which is specific of
      collagen, is considered very important to define the nature of tissue present in
      Dupuytren's disease and to understand the metabolic defect. After a short
      bibliographic analysis of the matter, methods used for the examination of total
      oxyproline content (Kivirikko, 1967) are discussed. The result shows a marked
      increase of oxyproline proportionally to the pathological aspect of aponeurotical
      tissue of the hand. Two hypotheses are formulated: a) an increase of the proline
      hydroxilase activity. b) a slow breakdown of collagen fibers.

PMID- 177138
TI  - [Mechanism of the appearance of nuclear inclusions with microfilaments and
      microtubules in sympathetic neurons. Influence of dibutyryl-adenosine 3'-5'
      monophosphate and theophylline].
AB  - As we have shown previously the nucleus of sympathetic neurons contains
      microtubules and microfilaments giving rise to highly organized inclusions.
      Present in vivo experiments on cat stellate ganglia have shown that dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP and theophyllin induce an increase of their frequency (up to 8.5
      fold). These and earlier observations lead us to conclude that cyclic AMP
      mediates the process of nuclear microtubules and microfilaments assembly from
      preformed protein subunits.

PMID- 177137
TI  - [Immunocytochemical study of corticotropic cells in the adenohypophysis of the
      chick embryo].
AB  - Corticotrophin cells of the pituitary have been studied immunocytologically with
      I.S. anti-A.C.T.H. (1-24) and I.S. anti-A.C.T.H. (17-39). These sera show
      differentiated cells as soon as the 8th of incubation. These cells remain located
      within the anterior part of the adenohypophysis. They are not "revelated" by I.S.
      anti-beta-M.S.H. and I.S. anti-beta-LPH.

PMID- 177139
TI  - Proceedings: The effects of anti-inflammatory steroids on levels of prostaglandin
      in adipose tissue in vitro.

PMID- 177140
TI  - Proceedings: Species variation in motor transmission to the retractor penis
      muscle.

PMID- 177141
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and phosphodiesterase inhibitors on
      acid secretion by mouse stomach in vitro.

PMID- 177142
TI  - Proceedings: Developmental changes in the sensitivity of neurohormone-stimulated
      cyclic AMP formation in chick cerebral hemispheres.

PMID- 177143
TI  - Proceedings: Assessment of neuromuscular blockade in man by use of tetanic and
      single twitch contractions of the adductor pollicis muscle.

PMID- 177144
TI  - Proceedings: The inhibitory transmission to the internal anal sphincter.

PMID- 177145
TI  - The effect of premarin on blood loss attending open heart surgery.
AB  - Premarin was administered prophylactically to every other patient in a series of
      148 consecutive cases of open intracardiac surgery. Of these, 132 patients were 
      matched to analyse the results of Premarin administration and postoperative blood
      loss. There were 67 patients who were given Premarin and 65 who did not receive
      this drug; both groups were identical in respect of age and sex. Matching was
      undertaken according to history of previous cardiac operations and
      anticoagulation, type of valve surgery or repair of congenital anomaly, duration
      of perfusion, platelet count and the use of fresh blood and epsilon-aminocaproic
      acid in the postoperative period. The prophylactic use of Premarin was not
      associated with a reduction in postoperative bleeding.

PMID- 177147
TI  - Infective causes of human malformations.

PMID- 177146
TI  - Malignant acanthosis nigricans and its unusual association with carcinoma of the
      colon and carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - Malignant acanthosis nigricans is rarely associated with carcinoma of the bowel
      or cervix. However, this dermatosis is described in a case of adenocarcinoma of
      the ascending colon, and in another with carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 177148
TI  - History of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 177150
TI  - Letter: Herpesvirus and cervical cancer.

PMID- 177149
TI  - Letter: After stroke, what?

PMID- 177151
TI  - The pathology of infectious pancreatic necrosis. I. The sequential histopathology
      of the naturally ocurring condition.

PMID- 177153
TI  - Osteoclast ultrastructure in Paget's disease.
AB  - The ultrastructural study of osteoclasts in biopsies from 12 patients with
      Paget's disease reveals several cytological anomalies. In Particular, nuclear
      inclusions, consisting essentially of striated filaments about 150 A in diameter,
      often organized in bundles and sometimes in paracrystalline arrays, appear to be
      specific to the disease. Morphologically, the inclusions are remarkably similar
      to those observed in various cases of viral attack, and the hypothesis of the
      action of a possible external agent in Paget's disease cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 177152
TI  - The effects of long term feeding of Solanum glaucophyllum to growing rats on Ca,
      Mg, P and bone metabolism.
AB  - The effects of the long term ingestion of Solanum Glaucophyllum leaves (SG) by
      the rat was investigated in two series of experiments; the animals were fed a
      normal (for 8 weeks) or a low Ca diet (for 5 weeks). With both diets, the
      intestinal absorption of Ca was increased and the endogenous fecal Ca excretion
      was decreased by SG treatment. Added to a normal Ca diet, SG increased the
      urinary excretion of Ca, Mg and P and reduced the excretion of hydroxyproline and
      pyrophosphate. At the histological level, SG induced a higher rate of bone tissue
      synthesis on trabecular and endosteal surfaces. The bone content of
      hydroxyproline and citrate increased significantly. The total alkaline
      phosphatase activity of plasma decreased as a function of SG intake due to a
      decreased in the activity of the intestinal isoenzyme, which was not compensated
      by the increase in the bone isoenzyme activity. The Mg absorption was decreased
      by SG inducing lower Mg balances and lower plasma Mg levels. Added to a low Ca
      diet, SG increased the severity of the secondary hyperparathyroidism induced by
      the diet. The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and the plasma alkaline
      phosphatase activity (both isoenzymes) were significantly increased. The Na and K
      content of bone decreased as a function of SG intake. 45Ca kinetic experiments
      revealed that SG increased the rate of Ca resorption and the rate constant of the
      fast exchangeable Ca pool, in both diets.

PMID- 177154
TI  - Early effects of synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone and synthetic salmon
      calcitonin on urinary excretion of cyclic AMP, phosphate and calcium in man.
AB  - Bovine synthetic parathyroid hormone infused intravenously in man increased both
      the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP and the urinary excretion of phosphate
      whereas a Salmon synthetic calcitonin infusion increased the urinary excretion of
      phosphate without change in urinary excretion of cyclic AMP. These data are
      consistent with the hypothesis that different renal mechanisms are involved in
      the response to each hormone.

PMID- 177155
TI  - Perturbation of lecithin bilayer structure by globoside.
AB  - The ultrastructure of aggregates formed by mixtures of pig erythrocyte lecithin,
      cholesterol and globoside in aqueous systems was studied by electron microscopy
      and X-ray diffraction. Globoside and lecithin in up to equimolar amounts formed a
      lamellar mesophase, although the structure of the lamellae was perturbed.
      Mixtures containing excess globoside formed complex tubular or reticular
      aggregates. Cholesterol appeared to promote mixing of lecithin and globoside. The
      flexibility gradient of the hydrocarbon (hc) region of the lipid bilayers was
      studied using electron spin resonance (esr) spectroscopy of various nitroxide
      labelled stearic acid probes. Globoside in equimolar amounts greatly perturbed
      the order parameters of lecithin bilayers, reducing the fluidity of the hc region
      and flattening the flexibility gradient near the polar (p) surface. The effect of
      globoside on lecithin-cholesterol bilayers was not so pronounced, since the
      latter was already more ordered than lecithin bilayers. A phase transition of
      pure globoside at 55 degrees C, involving 'melting' of the hc chains was also
      detected using X-ray and esr spectroscopic techniques. The interbilayer spacing,
      dw, of equimolar lecithin-globoside lamellar phase increased by 42% from that of
      lecithin bilayers, indicating that the glycolipid p group may increase the net
      repulsive force between bilayers, as was previously predicted theoretically.

PMID- 177156
TI  - Low-affinity interaction of ethanol with the fluorescent complex between horse
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase and auramine O.
AB  - Quenching of the fluorescence of the complex between horse liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase (alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.1) and auramine O complex is
      inconsistent with a simple competitive displacement of auramine O by ethanol.
      Instead, the action of ethanol requires an explanation in terms of a solvent
      effect, or the formation of an enzyme-auramine O-ethanol ternary complex. The
      latter complex would have to be the low-affinity variety similar to the enzyme
      NADH-ethanol ternary complex encountered in the kinetic system.

PMID- 177157
TI  - Effect of various sterols on the 22Na permeability and fluidity of phospholipid
      bilayer membranes.
AB  - Sodium-22 efflux was measured in multilamellar liposomes composed of egg
      lecithin, dicetylphosphate, and various sterols. In a parallel series of
      experiments a spin labelled fatty acid ester was incorporated into similar
      vesicles and the molecular motion of the spin label monitored by electron spin
      resonance spectroscopy. Spin lable mobility was used as a measure of phospholipid
      hydrocarbon chain motion. There was a poor correlation between the effects of
      these sterols on sodium permeability and their effects on the motion of the lipid
      chains. It is postulated that sterols alter sodium transport not only through a
      reduction in the motional freedom of membrane lipids, but also through changes in
      the partitioning of sodium between membrane and aqueous phases.

PMID- 177158
TI  - Inhibition of choline transport into human erythrocytes by choline mustard
      aziridinium ion.
AB  - Acetylcholine mustard aziridinium ion inhibited the transport of [3H]choline into
      human erythrocytes. Treatment of the erythrocytes with 1 X 10(-4) M
      tetraethylpyrophosphate prevented the inhibition of [3H]choline transport by
      acetylcholine mustard aziridinium ion. Hydrolyzed acetylcholine mustard
      aziridinium ion inhibited choline transport both in the presence and absence of 1
      X 10(-4) M tetraethylpyrophosphate. The product of hydrolysis was equipotent with
      acetylcholine mustard in its ability to inhibit choline transport; incubation of
      this product with sodium thiosulfate prevented inhibition of choline transport
      thereby indicating the presence of an aziridinium ion. The hydrolysis product is
      likely to be choline mustard aziridinium ion. Results on the efflux of
      [3H]choline from erythrocytes in the presence of the proposed choline mustard
      aziridinium ion showed that the mustard moiety was transported into the red cells
      on the choline carrier. The rate of efflux of [3H]choline produced by choline
      mustard aziridinium ion was 55% of that produced by the same concentration of
      choline. It is concluded that acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) of red cells
      rapidly hydrolyzes acetylcholine mustard aziridinium ion to acetate and choline
      mustard aziridinium and the latter compound can act as a potent inhibitor of
      choline transport. This finding would indicate that the hemicholinium-like
      toxicity of acetylcholine mustard in the mouse is due to the formation of choline
      mustard aziridinium ion.

PMID- 177159
TI  - Monolayer cultures of dispersed cells from bovine anterior pituitary: responses
      to synthetic hypophysiotropic peptides.
AB  - Cells were dispersed from bovine anterior pituitary glands, by digestion with
      collagenase, and cultured. After 4 days the cell monolayers were incubated with
      fresh medium containing synthetic hypophysiotropic peptides for 2, 6, or 20 h,
      and hormone released into the medium was estimated by radioimmunoassay. After 2
      h, thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) stimulated the release of thyroid-stimulating
      hormone (TSH) up to eightfold, and of prolactin (PRL) and follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH) about twofold at a minimal effective concentration of 1 ng/ml;
      enhanced growth hormone (GH) release was not apparent until 20 h, and release of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was unaffected.
      Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) enhanced release of LH maximally
      (three- to fourfold) during a 2 h incubation and was effective at 0.1 ng/ml; FSH
      release was significantly enhanced by about 50% above control level. Growth
      hormone release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH)(somatostatin) showed significant
      effects only in the 20 h incubation; GH release was inhibited by 50% and release
      of PRL was slightly, but significantly, enhanced. Pituitary cell monolayers
      apparently permit maximal expression of releasing activities inherent in the
      hypothalamic hormones.

PMID- 177160
TI  - Effects of potassium chloride and smooth muscle relaxants on tension and cyclic
      nucleotide levels in rat myometrium.
AB  - Ten minutes after KCl-depolarization of rat myometrial strips, at which time the
      muscles were in a state of sustained contracture, tissue levels of adenosine
      3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) were increased by approximately 40% over
      relaxed controls, and levels of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP)
      were decreased by 40%. At this point both nitroglycerin (4 X 10(-4) M) and
      papaverine (2 X 10(-5) M) were capable of relaxing the depolarized muscles
      without significantly increasing cyclic AMP levels. Isoproterenol, in
      concentrations from 5 X 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M, relaxed the depolarized muscles and
      significantly increased tissue levels of cyclic AMP. However, the magnitudes of
      the cyclic AMP increases seen after the lower concentrations of isoproterenol
      were small relative to the increases observed during KCl-contracture alone. For
      example, the 40% elevation of cyclic AMP seen 10 min after KCl-depolarization did
      not cause the muscles to relax, whereas 5 X 10(-9) M isoproterenol caused
      relaxation with an increase in cyclic AMP levels of only 16% over depolarized
      controls. It was concluded that changes in total tissue levels of cyclic AMP were
      not responsible for the uterine relaxation caused by nitroglycerin, papaverine or
      isoproterenol in these experiments. Cyclic GMP levels in the depolarized muscles
      were not significantly changed by isoproterenol or papaverine but were increased
      approximately 80% by nitroglycerin. The above results are not consistent with the
      previously suggested roles for cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP as mediators of smooth
      muscle contraction and relaxation, respectively.

PMID- 177162
TI  - Quantitative aspects of cyclic AMP and relaxation in the rabbit anterior
      mesenteric-portal vein.
AB  - Rabbit anterior mesenteric-portal vein was shown to exhibit a positive
      correlation between relaxation and cyclic AMP levels using different
      concentrations of isoproterenol for varying exposure times. No consistent
      relationship was found between cyclic AMP and relaxation using a series of
      phosphodiesterase inhibitors (papaverine, SC2964, or RA233). In sodium-free (Tris
      substituted) Kreb's solution, the addition of isoproterenol still increased
      cyclic AMP levels, but there was no relaxation. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP was also
      ineffective in sodium-free solution. Under identical conditions, both relaxation
      and increases in cyclic AMP produced by papaverine and SC2964 were found to be
      independent of extracellular sodium. We conclude, therefore, that increased
      cyclic AMP may be involved in isoproterenol-induced relaxation possibly acting
      via increased Na+-Ca2+ exchange, but plays only a small role, if any, in smooth
      muscle relaxation produced by papaverine, RA233, or SC2964.

PMID- 177161
TI  - On the specificity of histamine H2-receptor antagonists in the rat cerebral
      cortex.
AB  - The effects of iontophoretically applied histamine H2-receptor antagonists and
      their antagonism of various amines, acetylcholine (ACh), and adenosine 5'
      monophosphate (5'-AMP) were studied on spontaneously active rat cerebral cortical
      neurons. Metiamide selectively blocked the depressant actions of histamine.
      Burimamide, in amounts necessary for histamine antagonism, also antagonized the
      depressant effects of noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Neither
      antagonist affected 5'-AMP-induced depressions, but both reduced or blocked the
      excitatory actions of ACh. It is concluded that metiamide may be useful as a
      reliable antagonist of H2 receptors on cerebral cortical neurons.

PMID- 177163
TI  - Comparative ultrastructure of selected oral streptococci: thin-sectioning and
      freeze-etching studies.
AB  - The ultrastructure of Streptococcus mutans, serotypes a-e, S. sanguis, S. mitis,
      and S. salivarius HHT, were examined by the techniques of thin-sectioning and
      freeze-etching. The cell walls varied in width between 15 and 46 nm and were
      covered with an electron-dense fibrillar or fuzz layer. The cytoplasmic membrane
      was in close association with numerous mesosomes which were, in turn, either
      closely associated or in contact with the bacterial chromosome. In freeze-etch
      replicas, the outermost layer of the cell wall was fibrous, and the cytoplasmic
      membrane was covered with particles composed of several subunits. Both particle
      clusters and particle-free areas occurred on the surfaces of the cytoplasmic
      membrane, as well as a crystalline array in the ground plasm of the cell.

PMID- 177164
TI  - The influence of TSH and ACTH on purine and pteridine deposition in the skin of
      rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

PMID- 177165
TI  - Epizootiology of infectious laryngotracheitis in British Columbia 1971-1973.

PMID- 177166
TI  - Feline respiratory infections--a clinical review.

PMID- 177167
TI  - Anaplastic carcinoma of the esophagus. Report of three cases and their
      histogenetic consideration.
AB  - The autopsies of three cases of esophageal anaplastic carcinoma with an oat cell
      pattern are presented. Grossly, each case revealed a fungating growth and showed
      extensive metastases all over the body. The histology bears a striking
      resemblance to that of oat cell carcinoma of the lung, occasionally showing
      rosette formation, mucin secretion, and intracytoplasmic argyrophil granules in
      each case. These peculiar carcinomas most probably were derived from the
      esophageal submucosal glands. They were composed of both a cell group of
      argyrophil variety and a group of mucus-secreting variety which may have
      originated from the more primitive cells capable of differentiation into either
      variety.

PMID- 177168
TI  - Pulmonary tumorlet. A form of peripheral carcinoid.
AB  - Twenty cases of pulmonary tumorlet are presented. Approximately one-third of the
      tumors occurred in lungs severely scarred by bronchiectasis or other inflammatory
      processes; the other two-thirds were found in lungs with little to no scarring.
      In the former instances, tumorlets were found in large scars in which identifying
      architectural features had been destroyed. In the latter, the tumorlets were seen
      in minute fibrous nodules, surrounding or obliterating small bronchi or
      bronchioles. Argyrophilic granules were demonstrated in 14 of 15 cases; in the
      electron microscope these were consistent with neurosecretory granules. Their
      location, silver staining properties, and ultrastructure suggest that pulmonary
      tumorlets are minute peripheral carcinoid tumors.

PMID- 177169
TI  - Primary intracranial Burkitt's lymphoma in an infant.
AB  - A case of intracranial Burkitt's lymphoma is reported in a child whose symptoms
      began at 3 months of age with a definite histologic diagnosis established at 18
      months. Serologic studies demonstrated high antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus
      (EBV) in the patient and in four out of five members of the immediate family. The
      patient also demonstrated immunity to antigens derived from African Burkitt's
      lymphoma cell lines. The autopsy findings strongly support the case for the
      primary intracranial origin of the neoplasm and a perinatal infection with EBV is
      probable in this case.

PMID- 177170
TI  - Wilms' tumor in adolescence.
AB  - Two cases of Wilms' tumor in adolescent males are presented. The clinical and
      radiographic findings were unusual and both presented atypical gross and
      microscopic features that could be correlated with the radiographic findings.
      Histologic examination of both tumors showed evidence of tubular and glomerular
      maturation, a feature usually associated with Wilms' tumors of early infancy. One
      of the tumors contained a large amount of cartilage and bone. The other was
      grossly cystic and incorporated some features of multilocular cystadenoma, a
      benign metanephric tumor.

PMID- 177171
TI  - Glioblastoma multiforme with extraneural metastases in the absence of previous
      surgery.
AB  - A 63-year-old man was found to have an intracerebral glioblastoma multiforme and
      preoperative roentgenographic evidence of a mass in the middle lobe of the right
      lung. Because of the rarity of extraneural metastases from glioblastoma,
      especially in the absence of prior surgery, the lesions were considered to be
      separate neoplasms until death. The histologic appearance of the lung tumor
      obtained at autopsy was identical to the cerebral tumor. Additional metastases
      were found to bronchial lymph nodes and a lumbar vertebra. This case demonstrates
      that a glioblastoma can spontaneously metastasize extraneurally. Invasion of the
      glioblastoma into the lumen of a blood vessel was demonstrated within the primary
      tumor. Embolization of cells to the lung and beyond is the suspected mode of
      spread.

PMID- 177172
TI  - Inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma. An aggressive and lethal lesion.
AB  - During an investigation of soft tissue fibrohistiocytic tumors, seven cases were
      found which we believe represent a new and specific diagnostic subgroup of
      fibrous histiocytomas. All patients were adults (mean 52.6 years), only one of
      whom was younger than age 40. There were four females and three males; all were
      Caucasian. The tumors which occurred in the retroperitoneum, anterior chest wall,
      anterior abdominal wall, femoral area, and oral cavity, were large, averaging 8.5
      cm., and although appearing encapsulated, were microscopically infiltrative. The
      common histologic feature of all cases was a diffuse and at times intense
      neutrophilic infiltrate unassociated with tissue necrosis, in combination with
      bland and anaplastic appearing histiocytes. The presence of this acute exudative
      reaction is a unique feature of these lesions, and was present not only in the
      original tumors, but in recurrences and metastatic foci as well. Other cell types
      including foam cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, Reed-Sternberg-like
      and ganglion-like cells were commonly present. A storiform fibrous pattern, a
      hallmark of the fibrous histiocytomas was seen at some time in all but one case.
      The treacherous aspect of these lesions was their bland initial histologic
      appearance. The foci of foam cells associated with the inflammatory elements
      often led to a diagnosis of a benign inflammatory reaction or xanthogranuloma.
      However, follow-up has confirmed the aggressive and neoplastic nature of these
      lesions. The clinical course was usually protracted with multiple recurrences and
      eventual metastases. All patients died of their tumor, the average survival being
      53 months; four patients survived over 5 years. At this time, we propose the term
      inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma to designate these lesions.

PMID- 177173
TI  - Morphologic study of virus-like particles in a case of acute leukemia.
AB  - Virus-like particles, grouped in clusters not bound by a membraine, were seen in
      electron micrographs of fresh leucoblasts of an acute leukemic patient. They
      consisted of large (100-nm diameter), round particles apparently composed of
      subunits. Tubular structures (30-50-nm diameter) were also seen in leucoblasts of
      the same patient. The two types of structures were never seen simultaneously in
      the same cell. The authors review the literature pertaining to the morphology of
      virus-like particles associated with malignant hematologic disease.

PMID- 177174
TI  - Mullerian adenosarcoma of the uterine cervix with heterologous elements: a light
      and electron microscopic study.
AB  - A mullerian adenosarcoma with heterologous elements having the gross appearance
      of a sarcoma botryoides occurred in the uterine cervix of a 14-year-old girl.
      Histologically, the tumor was composed of an admixture of benign-appearing glands
      and a sarcomatous stroma, the latter containing areas of undifferentiated sarcoma
      and endometrial stromal sarcoma, as well as heterologous elements consisting of
      rhabdomyosarcoma and hyaline cartilage. No malignant epithelial component was
      observed. The distribution of benign mullerian-type glands throughout the tumor
      simulated a malignant mixed mullerian tumor in appearance. Ultrastructural
      studies of the stromal elements of the neoplasm suggest origin from primitive
      mullerian stroma, and the glands have features of primitive mullerian epithelium.
      This study supports the concept that the malignant mixed mullerian tumor and
      related mullerian sarcomas originate from a common undifferentiated
      multipotential mullerian stem cell.

PMID- 177175
TI  - Metastatic cystosarcoma phyllodes: a light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Two cases of metastatic cystosarcoma phyllodes, one in lung and the other in
      axillary lymph nodes, were studied with the light and the electron microscopes.
      The malignant element of these tumors appears to be a poorly differentiated
      mesenchymal cell. No evidence supporting the presence of epithelial cells was
      found. The tumor metastatic to the axilla exhibited intracellular virus-like
      particles similar to those described in adenocarcinoma of breast and other
      sarcomas.

PMID- 177176
TI  - So-called "minute pulmonary chemodectoma": a tumor not related to paragangliomas.
AB  - Twenty-six cases of so-called "minute pulmonary chemodectoma" are presented. The
      patient population showed a marked female preponderance, and there appeared to be
      an association of the lesion with pulmonary injury from a variety of causes
      including cardiac failure, chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and thromboemboli.
      Half the cases had multiple tumors. Microscopically, the tumors consisted of
      nests of cells in the interstitial tissue near small veins. Argentaffin and
      argyrophil stains failed to demonstrate cytoplasmic granules in any case. By
      electron microscopy, the nests were composed of large cells with broadly
      interdigitating processes connected by many well-formed desmosomes. The cytoplasm
      was filled with numerous 60-A filaments. The Golgi apparatus was prominent, while
      other organelles were sparse. No secretory granules were identified. It is
      concluded that the fine structure and lack of silver-positive granules are
      inconsistent with the morphology of previously reported paragangliomas, but that
      there is a resemblance at the light and electron microscopic level to meningeal
      arachnoed cells and the cells of meningiomas.

PMID- 177177
TI  - Multiple molecular forms of lactate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase in normal and abnormal human breast tissues.
AB  - Normal and abnormal breast samples of women were analyzed for multiple molecular
      forms of lactate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, using
      acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and specific enzyme staining techniques for
      separation and quantitation. Infiltrating ductal carcinomas demonstrated a
      significant increase (three to six-fold) in the proportion of LDH-5 compared to
      samples of normal breast, fibrocystic disease and fibroadenoma, indicative of a
      shift toward the muscle-type lactate dehydrogenase in neoplasia. For glucose 6
      phosphate dehydrogenase, carcinomas were found to contain increased proportions
      of the fastest migrating species, G6PD-I. Total enzyme activity/mg DNA was
      elevated in meoplastic tissues. Little or no alteration in isoenzyme profiles
      could be related to menopausal status of the patient.

PMID- 177178
TI  - Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of salivary gland origin: an
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - A case of small cell carcinoma of salivary gland was studied by light and
      electron microscopy. Light microscopy showed sheets of small uniform cells with
      scanty cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. Electron microscopy showed two distinct
      cell types; an electron-lucent epithelial-appearing cell, and a denser cell with
      processes containing bundles of filaments and other features suggesting
      myoepithelial differentiation. Neurosecretory granules were absent. These
      findings support a salivary duct origin, and are evidence against a neurendocrine
      derivation for this tumor.

PMID- 177179
TI  - Estrogen receptor protein in lesions of the male breast: a preliminary report.
AB  - Eleven specimens of breast lesions obtained from 10 male patients were analyzed
      for estrogen receptor protein (ERP). Three patients (ages 49, 77, 82 years) had
      infiltrating duct carcinomas with no axillary metastases. ERP  in each of these
      was positive. Eight specimens with gynecomastia, one of which was obtained from
      the 77-year-old patient with carcinoma in the same breast, were also analyzed. Of
      these ERP was positive in a 59-year-old man who had cirrhosis of the liver; two
      patients with borderline ERP had hepatitis and testicular seminoma, respectively.
      No relationship between histopathologic features of the lesions and ERP results
      was found and it is too early to relate these ERP studies to prognosis in these
      patients. Review of available literature, including our cases, reveals that six
      of eight male breast carcinomas were ERP-positive.

PMID- 177180
TI  - Mucinous carcinoma of the colon and rectum.
AB  - The clinicopathologic significance of mucus production by adenocarcinoma of the
      colon and rectum was analyzed in retrospective study with stage matched non-mucus
      producing control carcinomas. Mucinous carcinoma of the colon and rectum
      comprised 132 (15%) of 893 cases of colorectal carcinoma. The rectum was the most
      common site (33% of cases). While 120 mucinous cancers had a poorer five-year
      survival than non-mucinous tumors (34% vs. 53%, p less than .005), these had a
      particularly bad prognosis in the rectum (18% 5 year survival vs. 49% for the non
      mucinous tumor controls, p less than .00k). The theoretical basis for this
      location-dependent behavior is considered. From this study, distinctive clinico
      pathologic features emerge. There were seven documented cases of ulcerative
      colitis and 8 additional patients gave a history of "colitis". An additional five
      patients had received prior pelvic irradiation. Of particular note was the fact
      that 31% of mucinous carcinomas were associated with villous adenomas, implying a
      histogenetic relationship. Moreover, this finding again emphasizes the neoplastic
      potential of the villous adenoma, especially in the rectum where the development
      of mucinous carcinoma is particularly ominous.

PMID- 177181
TI  - Strumal carcinoid of the ovary.
AB  - A 45-year-old woman presented with an apparently nonfunctioning strumal carcinoid
      of the ovary. On ultrastructural examination the cells in the solid parts of the
      tumor as well as in the "follicular" areas contained dense-core secretory
      granules, indicating that this neoplasm is a pure carcinoid tumor. The thyroid
      like appearance in areas is due to the accumulation of secretory material within
      unusually dilated acinar spaces. This study raises the question whether any
      strumal carcinoid contains thyroid tissue since the cells forming the follicle
      like spaces in this tumor contain dense-core granules.

PMID- 177182
TI  - Localized submassive liver cell necrosis as a terminal event of liver carcinoma.
AB  - Six cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and one case of metastatic liver
      carcinoma in which SGOT, SGPT, and SLDH were suddenly and markedly elevated
      immediately before death are described. All had a large blood loss and systemic
      hypotension in the preterminal period; autopsy disclosed irregularly shaped,
      patchy necrotic areas or infarcts, often clearly demarcated by hemorrhagic rims,
      in the noncancerous liver parenchyma. Tumor growths in the intrahepatic portal
      branches were extensive in all six cases with HCC; in the metastatic case,
      invasion and narrowing of the portal branches were extensive. The incidence of
      this terminal catastrophe was 3.3% (6 of 184 cases) for HCC and 1.15% (1 of 87)
      for metastatic carcinoma. The terminal liver necrosis was probably a result of
      sudden reduction in portal perfusion which had been inadequate because of tumor
      thrombosis, combined with hypotension of hepatic arteries.

PMID- 177183
TI  - Mediastinoscopy: a diagnostic aid in metastatic carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Six patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast underwent mediastinoscopy to
      obtain tissue for estrogen receptor analysis and pathologic confirmation of
      metastatic tumor. The indication for mediastioxcopy was an abnormal mediastinal
      accumulation of gallium in five patients, only two of whom had an abnormality
      noted on tomography. All six patients had tumor recovered by mediastinoscopy as
      demonstrated by pathologic examination and/or estrogen receptor assay, Therefore,
      the diagnosis of mediastinal metastases in breast cancer may be suggested by
      either chest roentgenograms, mediastinal tomography, or gallium scintigraphy.
      Mediastinoscopy is a safe, effective procedure capable of establishing the
      diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of the breast and of procuring sufficient
      tissue for estrogen receptor analysis in patients without more readily accessible
      sites of metastases.

PMID- 177184
TI  - Peripheral pulmonary carcinoid tumors.
AB  - The light microscopic and ultrastructural features of five asymptomatic
      peripheral carcinoids presented as distinct pulmonary solitary nodules are
      described. By conventional microscopy the tumors displayed a variety of
      histologic patterns, the most unusual one showing tumor cells embedded in a
      richly vascular hyalinized stroma and forming papillary structures or cystic
      spaces lined by low cuboidal cells which ultrastructurally bore a strong
      resemblance to intermediate or transitional forms between types I and II
      pneumocytes. A striking feature of these tumors was their rich vasculature
      associated with a marked perivascular sclerosis composed of basement membrane
      like material and collagen fibrils most likely produced by the increased numbers
      of pericytes surrounding these sclerotic vessels. The clinical implications,
      biologic behavior, and association of these tumors with other pulmonary neoplasms
      are also discussed.

PMID- 177185
TI  - Biology of the human malignant lymphomas. III. Intracranial heterotransplantation
      in the nude, athymic mouse.
AB  - Intracranial heterotransplantation in the nude, athymic mouse has been found to
      be an effective method for the experimental growth of human malignant lymphomas.
      Transplants of 11 primary lymphomas and six derived cell lines yielded a high
      take rate (90%) and a low mean latent period (36 days). Relatively small inocula
      produced extensive intracerebral infiltrates which could be identified as human
      in origin by immunofluorescence. Although confined to the central nervous system
      and meninges, the tumors were highly invasive and displayed morphologic features
      strikingly similar to those of the original primary tumors. Heterotransplantation
      of the lymphomas to extracranial sites was only rarely successful. Nude mice
      previously grafted with isologous neonatal thymuses failed to develop
      intracerebral tumors. Secondary cell cultures successfully established from
      several of the intracranial heterotransplants were found to be infected with NIH
      type-C xenotropic virus. The distinctive growth patterns and other
      neuropathologic features of the heterotransplants are described, and the
      relevance of these observations to the development of intracerebral lymphomas in
      immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients is noted. This method of studying
      human malignant lymphomas in vivo may permit better histopathologic
      characterization of the tumors, and may serve as a basis for further experimental
      lines of investigation, including viral, immunologic, and therapeutic studies.

PMID- 177186
TI  - Cellular whorls in brain tumors other than meningiomas.
AB  - Cellular whorls with or without secondary calcification are generally regarded as
      reliable diagnostic criteria in the differential diagnosis of meningiomas. They
      may however occasionally occur in other primary and metastatic brain tumors. Five
      cases (metastatic laryngeal carcinoma, metastatic mammary carcinoma, metastatic
      melanoma, medulloblastoma, and giant cell glioblastoma) are presented to
      illustrate this phenomenon occurring in non-meningothelial brain tumors.

PMID- 177187
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinoma in the Malaysian Orang Asli.
AB  - Necropsies were performed on 285 consecutively unclaimed Orang Asli bodies from
      Gombak Orang Asli Hospital during an eight-year period from May 1967 to April
      1975. Of the 25 malignant neoplasms, hepatocellular carcinoma was by far the
      commonest (36%). The nine patients with this neoplasm had coexistant macronodular
      cirrhosis. There were 20 cases of cirrhosis; 45% of these had coexistant
      hepatocellular carcinoma. The 53,000 Orang Aslis living in West Malaysia comprise
      three tribes, the Negrito, Senoi, and Melayu Asli (Proto Malays). The Sinoi
      appear to have a high predilection for liver cancer, all our nine cases occurring
      in this group. These aboriginal people live in the jungles where they practice
      shifting cultivation and maintain their own dietary and social customs. Detailed
      studies of their dietary habits may provide a clue to the etiology of liver
      cancer in these people.

PMID- 177188
TI  - An ultrastructural and histochemical study of the mucous membrane adjacent to and
      remote from carcinoma of the colon.
AB  - The material was taken from surgical specimens of large intestine resected for
      carcinoma. A parallel study by electron microscopy and mucin histochemistry was
      made on fragments from "transitional" (TR) mucosa (adjacent to carcinoma) and
      "normal" (N) mucosa (remote from the tumor). These were compared with similar
      studies on the mucosa from control individuals. Histochemically, the "TR" mucosa
      shows an increase in sialomucins as compared with the "N" and control mucosae,
      where sulphomucins normally predominate. At the ultrastructural level, the "TR"
      mucosa is characterized by the following changes which may precede the
      histochemical variations: A) alteration in the relative proportions of the
      different cell types, along the crypt, with a persistence of immature and
      intermediate cells at higher levels of the crypt than in the control. Mature
      absorptive cells are fewer and bear an inverse relationship to intermediate
      cells. Goblet cells are increased in number and size. B) Appearance of electron
      dense bodies 0.15-0.3mum in in diameter and membrane limited. C) An elaborated
      and enlarged Golgi zone showing increased secretory activity. It is suggested
      that mucin and ultrastructural changes described in the "TR" zone may indicate a
      failure in the normal process of cell differentiation along the crypt. Previous
      work7,8 further suggests that the mucin changes may be primary, reflecting a
      cellular response to unknown stimuli (i.e., carcinogens) rather than a local
      secondary effect of tumor growth. As for the ultrastructural features in the "TR"
      mucosa, the secondary effect cannot be excluded at the present.

PMID- 177189
TI  - Wilms' tumor: natural history and prognostic factors: a retrospective study of
      248 cases treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy 1952-1967.
AB  - A statistical analysis of 248 histologically proven cases of Wilms' tumor treated
      at the Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, from 1952 to 1967, is
      presented. Two years recurrence-free survival and five years survival have been
      selected as prognostic criteria. Patients under two years of age have
      significantly fewer metastases and a better five-year survival rate than those
      over two. Stage is stronly correlated with recurrences and survival. Influence of
      tumor size, number of tumor nodules, tumor rupture, adhesions, regional lymph
      node involvement, and renal vein infiltration is shown. Detailed analysis of
      histopathologic features indicates that a favorable clinical course is
      significantly related to the number of different varieties of epithelial
      differentiation (tubular, glomerular, microcystic) found in any tumor, whatever
      the abundance of each of them. Presence of striated muscular cells, however
      abundant, does not influence survival or metastatic rates. Cases where
      irradiation given prior to surgery resulted in complete destruction of tumor
      cells, form a distinctive group of very unfavorable prognosis. Relapse of tumor
      occurs in 54% of cases, 10% presenting with metastases. Involved sites are
      listed. No correlation is found between date of metastases and other parameters.
      The three major prognostic factors of age, stage, histologic pattern, bear
      prognostic value separately. Stage and age are linked, as well as histology and
      age. Stage and histology are not linked. Age in itself therefore seems less
      important. It is concluded that these well-defining treatment for each individual
      case.

PMID- 177190
TI  - Combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (NSC-19893), methotrexate (NSC-740),
      and prednisolone (NSC-9900) (FAP protocol) for hepatoma.

PMID- 177191
TI  - Characterization of microsomal methyl sterol demethylase in two Morris hepatomas.
AB  - Previously, we reported that the rate of metabolism of methyl sterol
      intermediates of cholesterol biosynthesis by broken-cell preparations of Morriss
      hepatoma 7777 is very slow, whereas the intact tumors are known to synthesize
      cholesterol quite efficiently. Active preparations have now been obtained by
      substitution of pyrophosphate for phosphate buffer. Although substitution of
      pyrophosphate buffer markedly enhances microsomal methyl sterol demethylation
      rates 3- to 4-fold in hepatoma 7777, other microsomal enzymes and electron
      carriers in either liver or a more slowly growing hepatoma appear to be
      unaffected by pyrophosphate. Several properties of the active microsomal methyl
      sterol demethylase have now been compared for control rat liver, host liver,
      tumor 7777, and tumor 5123C. Conditions necessary for the assay of initial
      velocities of enzymic reactions in the tumor microsomes have been established
      with respect to the amount of protein, time-course, concentrations of cofactors
      and substrate, pH, and other variables. The K'm and the responses to the
      variables studied above are very similar for methyl sterol demethylase of
      microsomes isolated from control liver, host liver, tumor 5123C, and tumor 7777.
      The multienzymic demethylase in the various preparations has been found to be
      inhibited similarly by in vitro additions of cyanide, cytochrome c, and bile
      salts. Thus, the enzymes of the microsomal-bound 4-methyl sterol demethylase of
      cholesterol biosynthesis appear to be very similar in liver and these 2 Morris
      hepatomas. When xenobiotic inducers of microsomal oxidases, such as phenobarbital
      and methylcholanthrene, are administered to normal and tumor-bearing rats,
      elevated rates of methyl sterol demethylation are observed with isolated liver
      microsomes obtained from both normal and tumor-bearing rats. Similar increases
      are not observed in the tumors. Furthermore, daily administration of an
      intestinal bile acid sequestrant elevates hepatic methyl sterol demethylase, but
      statistically significant changes were not observed in tumors 7777 and 5123C.
      Since the enzymes of methyl sterol demethylase appear to be grossly similar in
      liver and these hepatomas, regulation of the activity of the multienzymic system
      contained in the tumors may be altered. On the other hand, these agents in vivo
      simply may not affect liver and the hepatomas similarly, due to a lack of uptake
      of the foreign substances by the tumor that has been transplanted to the thighs.

PMID- 177192
TI  - The transformation by simian virus 40 of cells from patients with
      mucopolysaccharidosis and from normal controls.
AB  - Fibroblasts derived from individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis, an inborn error
      of metabolism, have been found to be more easily transformed by simian virus 40
      than are cells derived from normal individuals. The increased susceptibility does
      not seem to depend upon changes in glycoprotein at the cell surface. Repeated
      observations were necessary to demonstrate these differences, and we do not
      believe that this test is suitable for routine screening for cancer
      susceptibility.

PMID- 177193
TI  - Carcinogenic activity of quinoline on rat liver.
AB  - The effects of prolonged p.o. administration of quinoline or 2-chloroquinoline on
      rat liver were examined histologically. Hepatocellular carcinomas and
      hemangioendotheliomas were observed in the livers of rats fed a basal diet
      containing 0.05, 0.10, or 0.25% quinoline for about 16 to 40 weeks. However, no
      neoplastic changes were seen in the livers of rats fed a basal diet containing
      0.05, 0.10, or 0.25% 2-chloroquinoline for 40 weeks. In groups that received low
      concentrations of quinoline, the incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas were
      higher and the incidences of hemangioendotheliomas were lower than in the group
      that received a high concentretion of quinoline. The liver tumors induced by
      quinoline were classified histologically as hemangioendotheliomas or
      hemangiosarcomas and trabecular hepatocellular carcinomas. Typical nodular
      hyperplasias were occasionally seen in the livers of rats treated with quinoline.
      2-Chloroquinoline did not induce any nodular hyperplasia or other neoplastic
      changes, but it caused diffuse fatty changes of parenchymal cells. Oval cell
      infiltration and bile duct proliferation were slight or moderate. Cirrhotic
      changes were rare in the livers of rats treated with either quinoline or 2
      chloroquinoline. The serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and
      alkaline phosphatase were slightly changed in groups treated with quinoline, but
      no other remarkable changes were detected.

PMID- 177194
TI  - Renal neoplastic response to leukosis virus strains BAI A (avian myeloblastosis
      virus) and MC29.
AB  - Previous reports described the induction of avian renal neoplasms by leukosis
      virus strains BAI A [avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV)] and MC29, and illustrated
      morphological characteristics of the tumors. Continued studies in this work
      confirm evidence of the origin of the tumors from embryonal cells residual in the
      posthatched chick. The work further emphasizes differences in histopathology of
      the neoplasms caused by the two viruses and reveals differences in the
      histopathogenesis of the respective growths. Embryonal rests may consist of two
      types of cells, those of epithelial characteristics and a second element of
      differentiation between nephroblastema (mesenchyme) and epithelium and designated
      here as nephromesoblastoma. Infection by AMV induces tumors of epithelial
      characteristics and, in addition, derivatives of nephromesoblastoma consisting of
      cartilage, bone, areas of keratinization, and sarcoma. Keratinized structures in
      the nephroblastoma originate from nephromesoblastoma. In contrast, MC29 virus
      induces only epithelial growths representing principally aberrant and malformed
      glomerular and tubular structures with occasional cartilage derived from
      epithelial cells. MC29 tumors are completely lacking in nephromesoblastoma tissue
      and contain no bone, sarcoma, or keratinized formations. In MC29 tumors,
      occasional cartilage was derived from epithelium. Tumors caused by AMV exhibit
      the complex structure of nephroblastoma with all of the features of the growth in
      humans (Wilms' tumor). The neoplasms induced by both AMV and MC29 exhibit marked
      aberration, distortion, and malformation in the differentiation of the cells
      growing out from the embryonal rests representing rare  manifestations of cell
      genetic influence inherent in the primordial growth of nephroblastema. The
      results thus illustrate fundamental differences in cellular composition and
      capacity to respond to etiologically different leukosis viruses.

PMID- 177195
TI  - Estrogen and prolactin receptor concentrations in rat mammary tumors and response
      to endocrine ablation.
AB  - Estrogen and prolactin receptor concentrations were measured in 24 carcinogen
      induced rat mammary tumors and correlated with the tumor response to host
      ovariectomy or hypophysectomy. It was found that essentially all of the tumors
      contained some specific estrogen receptor, and all but three contained prolactin
      receptor. The values for each receptor comprised a continuum from very low to
      relatively high concentrations, suggesting that previous considerations of
      hormone dependence on the basis of presence or absence of hormone receptors may
      be oversimplified. The concentration of each receptor tended to be lower in the
      hormone-independent than in the hormone-dependent tumors, but there were a number
      of hormone-independent tumors with higher receptor levels than some of the
      hormone-dependent tumors had. A better correlation of tumor response to endocrine
      ablation resulted from a combination of the 2 receptor levels than from either
      receptor concentration alone. These results suggest that there is a complex
      relationship between mammary tumor response to endocrine ablatin and levels of
      estrogen and prolactin receptors and that some tumors may be dependent upon 1 or
      both of these hormones for growth.

PMID- 177196
TI  - Virion interaction in mouse lymphomas.
AB  - Virion expression in filtrates of lymphomas in AKR/J or C3H/HeJ mice was assayed
      by two techniques: (a) in vitro infectivity (XC assay), or (b) acceleration of
      oncogenicity in vivo (O assay). The two assays appeared to detect different virus
      populations or activities. This was shown when the same filtrates were tested in
      parallel by the XC and O tests and opposite results were obtained on the two
      assays, e.g., XC+ 0- or XC- O+. It was postulated that two viruses, termed "XC+"
      and "O" to correspond to the assays used to detect them, were involved in
      oncogenesis. When lymphomas originally virus induced were passaged by cells in 2-
      to 3-month-old syngeneic AKR or C3H mice, oncogenic activity of filtrates of
      these transplanted lymphomas decreased as cell passages increased. These
      filtrates from C3H lymphomas also had decreased XC activity as cell passages
      increased. Normal lymphoid tissue from 1- to 5-month-old AKR mice was XC+ O-,
      while from C3H mice it was XC- O-. Thus, the two strains modified activities
      lacking in their normal tissues. Filtrates highly oncogenic in XC+ newborn AKR
      mice were oncogenic in C3H newborn mice only when sufficient XC+ virus was in the
      inoculum received by the XC- C3H mice. Thus the XC+ virus appeared to play a
      synergistic role with a postulated O virus in oncogenesis.

PMID- 177197
TI  - Characteristics of a surface-adherent subline derived from Friend erythroleukemia
      cells in continuous suspension culture.
AB  - A surface-adherent cell population developed spontaneously from Friend
      erythroleukemia cells (FLC745) which previously had grown continuously in
      suspension cultures. The adherent cells have been transferred through more than
      60 passages and apparently represent a stable variant, herein designated FLC745
      Ad. The cell size, chromosome complement, and tumorigenicity in DBA/2 mice were
      similar to the parental FLC745 line, although the FLC745-Ad cultures grew at a
      slightly slower rate and synthesized less hemoglobin in response to dimethyl
      sulfoxide. Production of C-type particles was abundant in both suspension and
      adherent cells, but the latter appeared to contain more intracisternal A-type
      particles. Scanning electron microscopy disclosed that most adherent cells were
      globoid and nonspreading. They attached to the substrate by a circumferential
      lamellar skirt of unusual breadth. Adhesion of the FLC745-Ad cells was not
      influenced by serum concentration, trypsinization, 5-bromodeoxyuridine, or N6,
      O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. Treatment with cytochalasin B
      increased the cell size and the area of cell attachment.

PMID- 177198
TI  - Amino acid and hexose transport of normal and simian virus 40-transformed human
      cells.
AB  - Studies on amino acid and hexose transport were performed on human WI-38 cells
      and WI-38 SV40-transformed cells (VA13A and VA13-2RA). Depending upon cell line
      or conditions, either no difference or a relative decrease in initial uptake by
      transformed cells was found. Under similar growth conditions, transformed hamster
      cells (PyBHK-21/C13) had increased uptake, compared with the normal hamster cells
      (BHK-21/C13). The normal and transformed human cells were also similar in sialic
      acid content and agglutinated when treated with concanavalin A.

PMID- 177199
TI  - Expression of virion and tumor-specific antigens on the surface of chick embryo
      cells infected with strain MC29 avian leukosis virus.
AB  - The immunological properties of the surface of chick embryo cells infected with
      strain MC29 avian leukosis virus were investigated by immune electron microscopy
      in conjunction with antiviral and anticellular immune sera. When samples were
      taken at sequential times after infection, it was found that cells stained
      strongly for viral antigen very early after infection. Staining reached a minimum
      6 to 12 hr after infection and then increased to maximum at 15 hr after
      infection, remaining at this level at later times. Anticellular immune sera
      showed the presence of a distinct antigen or antigens which appeared concurrently
      with morphological alteration of the infected chick cells. This antigen was cross
      reactive or identical to an antigen appearing on the surface of chick embryo
      cells transformed by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus.

PMID- 177200
TI  - Changes in serum putrescine and spermidine levels following local radiation to
      hepatoma 3924A of the rat.
AB  - Local irradiation of tumors of rats bearing 3924A hepatomas resulted in more than
      a doubling of the putrescine levvel and nearly a doubling of spermidine
      concentration in the serum within 12 hr. Within 24 hr, the putrescine
      concentration had increased four-fold in the serum, along with a continued
      increase in the spermidine concentration. The decrease in the spermidine
      concentration of the tumor paralleled increased levels of spermidine in the
      serum, whereas the concentrations of polyamines in the liver were unchanged.
      These changes are similar to previously reported changes in the spermidine
      concentration in sera and in tumors following the administration of a single dose
      of 5-fluorouracil to rats with 3924A hepatomas. Since local irradiation was
      confined to the tumor, we conclude that the increases in putrescine and
      spermidine detected in the serum are derived from the tumor tissue with no
      involvement of the host tissues.

PMID- 177201
TI  - Isozyme patterns of glycogen phosphorylase in rat tissues and transplantable
      hepatomas.
AB  - Isozyme patterns of glycogen phosphorylase in the Morris and Yoshida hepatomas
      were compared electrophoretically and immunochemically with those in rat tissues
      during development. A 3rd phosphorylase isozyme, observed previously in hepatomas
      and fetal tissues by isoelectric focusing and by immunochemical titration, was
      also separated by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. It was observed
      commonly in various rat hepatomas, together with variable activities of the liver
      type, depending on the degree of differentiation. This isozyme is nearly the sole
      type in placenta and early embryo, and in liver and skeletal muscle it is
      replaced during fetal development with the organ-specific liver and muscle type.
      In adult rat brain the fetal type is retained at low levels, together with the
      muscle type. In kidney, spleen, testis, uterus, lung, and stomach, the fetal type
      is present together with the liver type. This isozyme in hepatomas and adult
      brain is identical with the fetal-type, as determined by Ouchterlony double
      diffusion and activity inhibition tests. Thus, it is considered to be a prototype
      whose appearance in hepatomas is one of many known examples of fetal protein
      expression in cancer. In some poorly differentiated hepatomas, the liver-type
      isozyme migrated slightly more slowly in polyacrylamide gel but could not be
      distinguished from the liver isozyme immunochemically.

PMID- 177203
TI  - Transmission of murine leukemia virus (Scripps) from parent to progeny mice as
      determined by p30 antigenemia.
AB  - All mice of C57BL/St, C3H/St, BALB/cSt, NZB/Scr, and NZW/Lac strains developed
      high levels of p30 antigenemia after inoculation at birth with murine leukemia
      virus (Scripps). Transmission of virus from neonatally infected parents to their
      progeny for three successive generations, as evidenced by development of p30
      antigenemia, varied among the five strains. Through the three generations, 100%
      transmission occurred in C3H/St and BALB/cSt mice, 50 to 61% transmission
      occurred in C57BL/St and NZW/Lac mice, and 11% transmission to the first
      generation, with no subsequent transmission, occurred in the NZB/Scr mice.
      Transmission appeared to occur readily via the milk in all strains. Intrauterine
      events also played a role with evidence of some viral transfer prior to birth in
      the C3H/St strain or, conversely, the development of resistance to infection
      prior to birth in C57BL/St mice. The occurrence of litters from infected parents
      containing both normal offspring and offspring with elevated p30 appeared to be
      the result of variable resistance in the intact offspring, perhaps as a result of
      intrauterine events, and not related to cellular resistance observable in tissue
      culture or to dominant genetic factors.

PMID- 177202
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinomas in acatalasemic mice treated with nafenopin, a
      hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferator.
AB  - The effects of long-term administration of nafenopin, a potent hypolipidemic drug
      with marked hepatomegalic and peroxisome-proliferative properties, were studied
      in wild-type (Csa strain) and acatalasemic (Csb strain) mice. Nafenopin was
      administered in the diet at a concentration of 0.1% during the first 12 months
      and then at 0.05% until the termination of the experiment at 20 months. By 56
      weeks, 100% mortality occurred in both male and female wild-type mice, whereas
      the mortality rate in acatalasemic mice was approximately 50%. Between 18 and 20
      months of the experiment, 9 of 9 male and 12 of 12 female acatalasemic mice that
      survived chronic nafenopin treatment developed hepatocellular carcinomas, some of
      which metastasized to the lungs. None of the 15 male and 15 female acatalasemic
      controls developed liver cancers. Numerous peroxisomes were seen in the lung
      metastases of these hepatocellular carcinomas on electron microscopic
      examination; in contrast the number of peroxisomes in primary liver tumor cells
      varied considerably. The hepatocarcinogenicity of nafenopin strongly suggests the
      need for long-term studies with other hypolipidemic drugs that cause hepatomegaly
      and peroxisome proliferation to clarify the role, if any, of peroxisome
      proliferation in liver carcinogenesis.

PMID- 177204
TI  - In vitro growth characteristics of virally transformed murine myeloid cells.
AB  - Bone marrow from normal BALB/c mice, mice with myeloid leukemia induced by Soule
      myeloid leukemia virus, and mice with virally induced mammary carcinoma was
      cultured in semisolid agar. Bone marrow from either leukemic or mammary tumor
      bearing mice produces more clones in vitro in the presence of a specific colony
      stimulating factor. However, in all cases, the myeloid progenitor cells have
      similar requirements for the colony-stimulating factor. The optimum condition for
      growth in all instances is 7% fetal calf serum + 7% horse serum + 7% tryptose
      phosphate broth. Decrease in the concentration of these three constituents has a
      less drastic effect on in vitro proliferation of bone marrow cells from leukemic
      mice. Some cells from Soule virus-induced leukemias even grew in the absence of
      serum. The combination of suboptimal amounts of serum and colony-stimulating
      factor is used as a tool for detecting cells with altered growth characteristics
      in bone marrow of leukemic mice. During the progression of the leukemia, there is
      an increase in the amount of transformed colony-forming cells per 5 X 10(4) bone
      marrow cells. The increase is already noticeable 4 weeks after inoculation, when
      no clinical signs of the leukemia are present, and reaches a maximum of about
      20%.

PMID- 177205
TI  - Accelerated regeneration of trypsin-treated surface antigens of simian virus 40
      transformed BALB/3T3 cells induced by X-irradiation.
AB  - The antigens of SV40-transformed BALB/3T3 cells measured by a radioisotopic
      footpad assay after removal by trypsin treatment regenerated in vitro in 3 to 6
      hr. After X-irradiation with 3000 R, however, the antigens were regenerated to
      normal levels within 1 h. X-ray doses of between 1000 and 5000 R accelerated the
      regeneration of cell surface antigens, while X-irradiation with the larger dose
      of 8000 R did not. X-irradiation of nontrypsinized tumor cells was without
      effect. Possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 177206
TI  - Occurrence of the malate-aspartate shuttle in various tumor types.
AB  - The activity of the malate-aspartate shuttle for the reoxidation of cytoplasmic
      reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by mitochondria was assessed in
      six lines of rodent ascites tumor cells (two strains of Ehrlich ascites
      carcinoma, Krebs II carcinoma, Novikoff hepatoma, AS-30D hepatoma, and L1210
      mouse leukemia). All the tumor cells examined showed mitochondrial reoxidation of
      cytoplasmic NADH, as evidenced by the accumulation of pyruvate when the cells
      were incubated aerobically with L-lactate. Reoxidation of cytoplasmic NADH thus
      generated was completely inhibited by the transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetate.
      The involvement of the respiratory chain in the reoxidation of cytoplasmic NADH
      was demonstrated by the action of cyanide, rotenone, and antimycin A, which
      strongly inhibited the formation of pyruvate from added L-lactate. Compounds that
      inhibit the carrier-mediated entry of malate into mitochondria, such as
      butylmalonate, benzenetricarboxylate, and iodobenzylmalonate, also inhibited the
      accumulation of pyruvate from added L-lactate by the tumor cells. The maximal
      rate of the malate-aspartate shuttle was established by addtion of arsenite to
      inhibit the mitochondrial oxidation of the pyruvate formed from added lactate.
      The capacity of the various tumor lines for the reoxidation of cytoplasmic NADH
      via the malate-aspartate shuttle approaches 20% of the total respiratory rate of
      the cells and thus appears to be sufficient to account for the mitochondrial
      reoxidation of that fraction of glycolytic NADH not reoxidized by pyruvate and
      lactate dehydrognenase in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 177207
TI  - Alanosine toxicity in Novikoff rat hepatoma cells due to inhibition of the
      conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate.
AB  - 2-Amino-3-(hydroxynitrosoamino)propionic acid (alanosine), at a concentration as
      low as 2.7 muM, completely inhibits the incorporation of hypoxanthine into
      adenosine triphosphate by cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma cells. Alanosine
      inhibits the first step in the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine
      monophosphate because inosine monophosphate, but not adenylosuccinate,
      accumulates in treated cells. However, the alanosine inhibition is not prevented
      by aspartic acid, even at a concentration of 1 mM. Alanosine treatment results in
      the inhibition of cell division, DNA synthesis, RNA and protein synthesis (in
      this order), and a depletion of the cells of adenosine triphosphate. Some of the
      cells accumulate in late G2 or M, but the remainder become arrested in other
      stages of the cell cycle. All effects are due to the inhibition of adenosine
      monophosphate synthesis and the consequent depletion of the adenosine
      triphosphate pool since they are completely prevented or reversed by addition of
      adenine, but not hypoxanthine, to the medium. Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis is
      not significantly inhibited by alanosine, since the uridine triphosphate pool is
      not affected and uridine fails to reverse the cytotoxicity of alanosine.
      Alanosine also inhibits the transport of aspartic acid, but has a much lower
      affinity for this transport system than aspartic acid.

PMID- 177208
TI  - Letter: Prolonged survival of patients with extensive oat cell carcinoma treated
      with radiotherapy and cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271), vincristine (NSC-67574), and
      methotrexate (NSC-7040).

PMID- 177209
TI  - Vincristine (NSC-67574) in the treatment of small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of
      the lung.
AB  - In a phase II trial the effect of vincristine as a single agent was evaluated in
      patients with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. The dosage of
      vincristine was 1.5 mg/m2/week given iv for 4 weeks, followed by 1.5 mg/m2 given
      every other week with dose modifications according to neurologic tolerance.
      Nineteen of 27 patients included in the study were evaluable. Objective response
      was observed in eight patients (42%) including three who were not previously
      treated and five who were previously treated. The median duration of response was
      60 days (range, 21-182 days) with the response always occurring within 4 weeks.
      This study demonstrates that vincristine is an active agent for small-cell
      anaplastic carcinoma without cross resistance to CCNU, cyclophosphamide, or
      methotrexate.

PMID- 177210
TI  - BCNU (NSC-409962) and procarbazine (NSC-77213) treatment for malignant brain
      tumors.
AB  - Sixty-five patients with malignant brain tumors were treated with a combination
      of BCNU (100 mg/m2 qd X 1) and procarbazine (100 mg/m2 qd X 14); the cycle was
      repeated in 1 month and then on a 6-week schedule with procarbazine being given
      for 21 days. Forty-five patients had malignant gliomas (glioblastoma multiforme,
      anaplastic astrocytoma, malignant glioma, or gemistocytic astrocytoma) and were
      evaluated as a group. All patients had either shown evidence of tumor regrowth
      after previous surgery and/or radiotherapy, or had deep unbiopsied tumors
      presumed to be malignant gliomas. Of these 45 patients, 13 of 45 (30%) were
      judged to be unequivocal responders and an additional eight of 45 (17%) were
      designated as probable responders. The median duration of clinical response was
      34 weeks for responders and 20 weeks for probable responders. The combination of
      BCNU and procarbazine, therefore, was somewhat inferior to a previous combination
      of procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine.

PMID- 177211
TI  - Staging colorectal cancer: is there a role for liver biopsy?

PMID- 177212
TI  - The influence of temperature on the thyroid gland of Chthonerpeton indistinctum
      (Gymnophiona, Amphibia).
AB  - The thyroid gland of the tropical amphibian Chthonerpeton is markedly stimulated
      when the animal is exposed for two days to relatively high temperatures (36
      degrees C). Control animals were kept at 20 degrees C. The stimulated gland
      exhibits collapsed follicles and a very tall follicular epithelium. At the
      ultrastructural level the activated epithelial cells were characterized by an
      increased number of apical microvilli, increased amounts of rough endoplasmic
      reticulum, an extended Golgi apparatus and a high number of various granular and
      vesicular inclusions. These differences in histology and fine structure were not
      paralleled by  quantitative results, which were approximately the same in both
      groups of animals. The values of these determinations were relatively high.

PMID- 177213
TI  - Temperature dependent changes in the thyroid gland of Mertensiella caucasica
      (Urodela, Amphibia).
AB  - The influence of temperature on the thyroid gland of the Caucasian salamander,
      Mertensiella caucasica has been studied (1) with the light- and electron
      microscopes, (2) with enzyme histochemical and quantitative methods. Animals
      which had been kept for years at 16 degrees C were exposed for 48 hrs to 4
      degrees C or 27 degrees C. At 4 degrees C the follicular epithelium consisted of
      cuboidal cells with well-developed rough ER, occasional distended cisternae of
      the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) filling most of the cytoplasm, a relatively
      small Golgi apparatus and numerous round or oval shaped lysosomes. In animals
      kept at 27 degrees C the follicular wall was composed of markedly taller
      epithelial cells, the apices of which bulged into the follicular lumen. Compared
      to the animals at 4 degrees C, there appeared to be a decrease in the rough ER.
      The Golgi apparatus did not exhibit clear differences. The lysosomes increased in
      number and showed various shapes among which elongated ones with pointed ends
      were particularly striking. In the apical cytoplasm colloid droplets appeared
      indicating hormone release. The apical microvilli increased in number. The
      measurements of total T4 have shown that the hormone level in animals kept at 27
      degrees C was about twice as high as in animals kept at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 177214
TI  - Comparative ultrastructural study of the effects of serum-free medium and
      dibutyryl-cyclic AMP on newborn rat astroblasts.
AB  - Modifications of cell shape induced in cultured newborn rat astroblasts by serum
      deprivation or dibutyryladenosine 3'-5' monophosphate (dBcAMP) are described.
      Serum suppression modifies the adhesitivity of the cells to the substrate, but
      this modification is not consistent with a true differentiation. The main
      ultrastructural feature of dBcAMP-treated astroblasts is the presence of an
      extensive system of 90 A microfilaments, while control cells are relatively
      devoid of these structures.

PMID- 177215
TI  - Extracellular cyclic-amp phosphodiesterase regulation in agar plate cultures of
      Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Extracellular cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase and the inhibitor of this enzyme is
      tested in agar plate cultures of two Dictyostelium discoideum wild-type strains
      and in a mutant which lacks the inhibitor. Under the conditions used, the
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor is formed in both wild-type strains either before or
      in an early stage of cell aggregation. During aggregation of one strain the
      phosphodiesterase activity is extremely low, excluding a necessary function of
      the enzyme in the aggregation process.

PMID- 177216
TI  - Expression of differentiative traits in the absence of cell fusion during
      myogenesis in culture.
AB  - Fusion of myoblasts is inhibited in cultures at low Ca++ concentration (0.44 mM);
      yet creatine phosphokinase and myokinase activities as well as myosin synthesis
      and the appearance of post-mitotic myoblasts do not significantly differ from
      those of control cultures (grown at 1.04 mM Ca++) which undergo cell fusion. When
      Ca++ concentration is increased to the control value after the second day of
      culture, fusion occurs very rapidly and it is not inhibited by actinomycin D or
      cycloheximide. Treatment with 0.06 mM bromodeoxyuridine strongly inhibits
      creatine phosphokinase activity and myotubes formation. The study of the kinetics
      of reversal of cell fusion and of creatine phosphokinase activity after removal
      of the analog, shows that this process is slower than the decrease of the
      relative content of bromodeoxyuridine incorporated into DNA. The result obtained
      support the following conclusions: a) the expression of the differentiative
      characters examined does not require cell fusion; b) the process of myotube
      formation seems to imply two subsequent stages consisting first of a slow
      maturative process, which is followed by the actual fusion of cell membranes; the
      former is Ca++ independent, the latter is Ca++ dependent and does not require RNA
      or protein synthesis.

PMID- 177217
TI  - [Ceruloplasmin].

PMID- 177218
TI  - Effect of indole alkaloids from Gardneria genus and Uncaria genus on
      neuromuscular transmission in the rat limb in situ.

PMID- 177219
TI  - Spin label studies of micellar and pre-micellar aggregates.
AB  - Micelles of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTABr) have been investigated
      with the use of a faty acid spin label and its methyl ester derivative. The esr *
      spectra provided information about the degree of motion of the probes in the
      micelles as evaluated from calculation of rotational correlation times. Evidence
      is presented for the formation of pre-micellar aggregates at concentrations below
      the cmc. The effect of addition of thiophenoxide on the structure of CTABr
      micelles was to decrease the rate of motion of the spin probes, probably due to a
      tighter packing of the hydrophobic core as a consequence of charge neutralization
      at the micelle surface by the substrate. Decreasing values of the isotropic
      hyperfine splitting of the spin probe with increasing concentration of
      thiophenoxide were taken as indicating that the latter causes a decrease of the
      degree of hydration of the polar head region of the detergent.

PMID- 177220
TI  - Synthesis of 2-n-(hexadecanoyl)-amino-4-nitrophenyl phosphorylcholine-hydroxide,
      a chromogenic substrate for assaying sphingomyelinase activity.
AB  - 2-N-(Hexadecanoyl)-amino-4-nitrophenyl phosphorylcholine-hydroxide a compound
      resembling sphingomyelin is synthesized. It is cleaved by sphingomyelinase to the
      chromogenic N-acylaminonitrophenyl moiety. Phospholipase C preparations do not
      hydrolyze this compound. The starting material is 2-amino-4-nitrophenol which
      when acylated with palmitoyl chloride yields the hexadecananilide. Reaction with
      beta-bromoethylphosphoryldichloride gives the phosphate which is quaternized with
      trimethylamine to give the title compound.

PMID- 177221
TI  - [Paget's disease of the breast in an African woman].

PMID- 177222
TI  - [Meiosis: role of a histone kinase in the condensation of ovarian oocyte
      chromosomes of Xenopus laevis and Ambystoma mexicanum].
AB  - By injecting heterologous histone-kinase preparations into ovarian Axolotl
      oocytes, it has been possible to speed up the progesterone-induced process of
      chromosome condensation. Moreover, in some instances, this condensation and even
      complete maturation have been obtained after injection of protein kinase alone,
      thus in the absence of hormone stimulation. Two different histone kinase
      preparations have been used: one was prepared from ascites cell chromatin and the
      other from in vitro ovulated Xenopus oocytes.

PMID- 177223
TI  - [Autoradiographic study of a bacterial colony. Application to the effects of
      polymyxin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies].
AB  - The autoradiograph of a colony of Ps. a. which has been transferred, during
      growth, on a medium added with polymyxin and tritiate leucin makes it possible to
      locate an upper zone with a high metabolic activity and a basal zone with no
      metabolic activity. The latter, which consists of lysed cells, acts probably as a
      selective filter against the drug.

PMID- 177224
TI  - [Maternal and fetal corticosteroids in the sow at the end of gestation].
AB  - Foetal and maternal blood samples are taken on the sow at the end of pregnancy.
      No variations in maternal cortisol are found, but plasma cortisol levels in the
      foetus, which are relatively constant between days 70 and 100 of pregnancy (10 to
      20 ng/ml), increase suddenly at the end of pregnancy reaching a mean of 210 ng/ml
      at birth. This high increase of foetal corticosteroids at birth, similar to that
      found in other species (ewe, goat, etc.), probably plays a role in the mechanisms
      releasing parturition. It also permits us to understand the action of ACTH which
      induces premature birth when given to the pig foetus in the last days of
      pregnancy.

PMID- 177225
TI  - [The mode of action of bacteriocin N5 purified from Clostridium perfringens].
AB  - The purified bacteriocin N5 produced by Clostridium perfringens BP6K inhibited
      simultaneously the syntheses of DNA, RNA and protein in sensitive cells, without
      DNA degradation. Bacteriocin N5 inhibited the accumulation of leucin and caused
      the exit of the previously accumulated amino acid. The effects of bacteriocin N5
      are very similar to those observed for colicins E1, K, A and I.

PMID- 177226
TI  - [Changes in the level of ACTH in the fetal hypophysis. A study in the rat toward
      the end of gestation].
AB  - The isolated adrenal cell method for bioassay of ACTH was employed in order to
      determine the ACTH content of the hypophysis of the rat foetus, in late
      pregnancy. The ACTH concentration decreases between 17 days 8 h and 17 days 15 h,
      then it increases regularly until the term. This evolution is correlated with the
      change in the fluorescence intensity of the corticotrophs and with the
      modification of the adrenocortical activity.

PMID- 177227
TI  - [The effect of an ionophore on the aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum].
AB  - Treatment during starvation of D. discoideum amoebae with micromolar amounts of
      A23187 causes an enhanced aggregation. Cells develop the properties of
      differentiated, aggregation competent amoebae earlier than untreated populations.
      Ionophore increases the release of calcium, and prevents the excretion of the
      phosphodiesterase ihibitor normally released in the media. A23187 suppresses the
      morphogenetic block of some aggregates mutants, suggesting that the ionophore
      either activates cAMP synthesis and excretion, or increases the cellular
      sensitivity to extracellular cAMP signals. This might result from the enhanced
      mobilisation of intracellular calcium

PMID- 177228
TI  - Technetium 99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial imaging in patients with and
      without left ventricular aneurysm.
AB  - To further explore the usefulness of technetium 99m pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP)
      myocardial imaging and test its validity in the diagnosis of acute myocardial
      infarction, 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigrams were performed in 50 patients. Out
      of 28 patients with acute myocardial infarction, myocardial scintigrams
      demonstrated localized activity in the 15 patients with transmural, and diffuse
      activity in the 13 patients with subendocardial myocardial infarction. Twenty-two
      patients with significant coronary artery disease documented by coronary
      angiography but without acute myocardial infarction were also studied. Nine of
      ten patients with clinical evidence of left ventricular aneurysm from previous
      myocardial infarction and definite left ventricular dyskinesis had positive
      scintigrams with activity localized to the site of the wall motion abnormality.
      Two of five patients without definite aneurysm but with left ventricular akinesis
      also had localized uptake in the involved area of the left ventricle. Seven
      patients with normal left ventricular wall motion had negative scintigrams. These
      findings suggest caution in interpreting positive 99mTc-PYP scintigrams as being
      indicative of acute myocardial infarction when evidence of a left ventricular
      aneurysm is also present.

PMID- 177229
TI  - Letter: Enzymatic determination of cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein
      fractions prepared by polyanion precipitation.

PMID- 177230
TI  - Demonstration and semiquantitative determination of complexes between various
      proteases and human alpha2-macroglobulin.
AB  - Complex formation in vitro between human alpha2-macroglobulin and the human
      proteases cationic trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin and granulocyte elastase and
      collagenase was clearly visualized by the use of thin-layer electrofocusing in
      polyacrylamide gel followed by electrophoresis in agarose gel containing
      antibodies against human alpha2-macroglobulin. The technique permits semi
      quantitative determination of the amount of complex and can demonstrate the
      formation of complexes between alpha2-macroglobulin and protease in vivo in
      ascitic fluid in peritonitis.

PMID- 177231
TI  - Neonatal screening for hyperlipoproteinemia. Methods for direct estimation of
      cord serum VLDL + LDL.
AB  - The early detection of hyperlipoproteinemia in newborn infants has so far been
      based upon estimation of cord blood total lipids (cholesterol and triglyceride)
      and lipoprotein-lipids (VLDL-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol). To be able to make a
      direct estimation of cord serum beta-lipoproteins (VLDL + LDL) two quite
      different methods were modified, one immunological and the other turbidimetric.
      Good correlations were found to VLDL- + LDL-cholesterol isolated in the
      ultracentrifuge (r = 0.848 and 0.831, respectively). If neonatal screening for
      hyperlipoproteinemia is considered, we recommend the very easy and inexpensive
      turbidimetric method. Furthermore, using cord serum, two conventional
      precipitation methods with heparin-CaCl2 and heparin-MnCl2 were compared by
      ultracentrifugation and high correlations were found (r = 0.923 and 0.899,
      respectively). A clamping study showed that following early clamping of the cord,
      the concentration of cord serum lipids and lipoproteins did not change markedly
      within the first five minutes. Storing experiments showed that serum should be
      separated within the first 12 h to avoid unpredictable changes in the
      concentration of cord serum lipids and lipoproteins.

PMID- 177232
TI  - Serum alkaline phosphatase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase, 5'-nucleotide and
      lipoprotein-X in cholestasis.
AB  - The nature of the stationary band of alkaline phosphatase, which occurs on starch
      gel electrophoresis of sera from patients with biliary obstruction, has been
      examined. Stationary alkaline phosphatase was eluted from Sepharose 4-B gel close
      to the void volume and together with the plasma membrane enzymes, nucleotide
      pyrophosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase, and with lipoprotein-X. Electron microscopy
      of concentrates of stationary alkaline phosphatase, prepared by
      ultracentrifugation and gel filtration, showed large (0.3--1 mum diameter) and
      small structures (30-70 nm diameter) by negative staining. The activity of the
      stationary alkaline phosphatase was associated in fixed sections with particles
      of about 10 nm X 40 nm resembling those of lipoprotein-X. It is suggested that
      the stationary alkaline phosphatase does not move into starch gel during
      electrophoresis because it is particulate. In agar electrophoresis the alkaline
      phosphatase which was stationary on starch gel moved towards the cathode with
      lipoprotein-X.

PMID- 177233
TI  - Studies on the flotation phenomenon in the determination of beta-lipoproteins by
      the immunocrit method.

PMID- 177234
TI  - A simplified competitive protein-binding assay for 25-hydroxycalciferol.
AB  - A single and reliable, competitive, protein-binding assay for plasma 25
      hydroxycalciferol (25-OH-D), based on a previously described method which omits
      the chromatographic step, has been tested without the use of beta-lipoproteins.
      The accuracy is similar in the absence of beta-lipoproteins and in their
      presence, the recoveries being respectively 110-136% and 74-85%. The intraassay
      coefficient of variation is 7.23% in the absence versus 12.56% in the presence of
      beta-lipoproteins. The sensitivity of the described assay is 0.01 ng per assay
      tube and 1 mug/1 plasma. The mean plasma 25-OH-D level in eighteen normal Swiss
      volunteers aged 20 to 40 years is 39.5 +/- S.D. 9.3 mug/l. This level is similar
      to those found in Western Europe and U.S.A. subjects. Ten alcoholic patients
      without cirrhosis have significantly lower 25-OH-D plasma levels (13.0 +/- S.D.
      8.9 mug/l) than appropriate age controls. This precise and accurate method is
      convenient for clinical studies since both chromatographic and beta-lipoproteins
      steps are avoided.

PMID- 177235
TI  - Three siblings with Robert's syndrome.
AB  - A Yugoslavian family with one female and two male infants with Robert's syndrome
      is described. The main features were: (1) tetraphocomelia with missing or
      malformed bones of arms and legs; (2) bilateral cleft lip and palate; (3)
      ectrodactyly; (4) syndactyly of the digits; (5) hypertelorism with exophthalmos
      at birth; (6) congenital heart defect; (7) low birth weight and failure to
      thrive. These observations raise the reported cases of Robert's syndrome-
      including questionable ones--to a total of 26. The most likely basic etiology is
      a major single recessive gene mutation.

PMID- 177236
TI  - Immunodeficiency in the chicken. IV. An immunological study of infectious bursal
      disease.
AB  - Chickens inoculated orally with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) 1 day
      after hatching subsequently showed a 50% incidence of immunodeficiency but little
      mortality. Antibody responses against IBDV and to immunization with sheep red
      blood cells (SRBC) or human serum albumin (HSA) were suppressed. Serum IgG
      concentration was decreased while IgM occurred exclusively in its 7S monomeric
      form (mIgM). An allotypic marker of chicken IgM (Mla) was lacking in mIgM derived
      from IBDV-infected birds. The loss of Mla occurred gradually in several birds
      between 3 and 12 weeks after perinatal infection. Inoculation of IBDV into
      chickens 3 weeks after hatching resulted in 50% mortality level but little
      immunodeficiency. Paradoxically, the serum IgG concentration was elevated, in
      comparison with normal birds. Histology of the bursa showed permanent hypo- or
      aplasia of follicles irrespective of the age of infection. The results suggest
      that bursal but not peripheral B cells are targets for IBDV, and immunodeficiency
      results from impaired peripheral seeding of B cells in infected juvenile
      chickens.

PMID- 177237
TI  - Immunofluorescence studies on the association between a C-type oncornavirus and
      renal glomerulopathy in Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis.

PMID- 177238
TI  - Neoplasia in patients with chronic renal failure on long-term dialysis.
AB  - Out of 67 patients accepted for maintenance dialysis (56 for hemodialysis and 11
      for peritoneal dialysis) 47 had not received any form of immunosuppression either
      in connection with renal transplantation or as part of the therapy for their
      intrinsic renal disease. Six out of the 47 patients (12.8%) were found to have
      malignancies which were not directly causing their renal failure. Two patients
      had carcinomas of the kidney, 2 patients had skin cancers, 1 patient had a
      carcinoma of the stomach and 1 patient had a carcinoid tumour of the small
      intestine. This raises the question whether prolongation of uremia by long term
      dialysis may contribute to the development of malignancy by increasing longevity
      in the chronically immunosuppressed uremic state.

PMID- 177240
TI  - [Autopsy study of metastatic primary liposarcoma of the left popliteal region
      with various neurologic symptoms].

PMID- 177239
TI  - Metatropic dwarfism, the Kniest syndrome and the pseudoachondroplastic
      dysplasias.
AB  - Metatropic dwarfism, the Kniest syndrome, and pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia are
      specific chondrodystrophic disorders that have in common dysplasia of the
      metaphyses, epiphyses, and vertebrae. Metatropic dwarfism and the Kniest syndrome
      have been confused with Morquio's disease and with each other in the past, but
      can be easily distinguished on the basis of radiographic features, clinical
      features, and cartilage pathology. The pseudoachondroplastic dysplasias are
      associated with short limbed dwarfism and have been confused with achondroplastic
      dwarfism, but can be readily distinguished on the basis of the normal head,
      delayed age of onset, the typical radiographic features and the cartilage
      pathology.

PMID- 177241
TI  - [Chronic sensory and autonomic neuropathy (author's transl)].

PMID- 177243
TI  - The pattern of spread and survival in 596 cases of breast cancer related to
      clinical staging and histological grade.
AB  - Carcinoma of the breast in 596 patients diagnosed between 1949 and 1966 at the
      Reading group of hospitals has been evaluated. All operable cases were treated by
      simple mastectomy and post-operative radiotherapy to the chest wall and regional
      nodes. Tumours were graded for malignancy either routinely or retrospectively on
      all patients with carcinoma simplex or scirrhous carcinoma, and the relation of
      grading to the subsequent development and distribution of metastases studied.
      Recurrence developed in 348 patients, 184 of whom suffered local recurrence.
      Eighty-three per cent of locally recurrent cases developed generalised
      metastases. The incidence of pulmonary and liver metastases was significantly
      increased in Grade II and III tumours compared with Grade I. Very significant
      differences in the survival rates between grades were noted, unfavourable to the
      higher grade tumours; and the influence of grading on prognosis is discussed.

PMID- 177244
TI  - Correspondence section: Regression lines and correlations.

PMID- 177242
TI  - One-year trials with halofenate, clofibrate, and placebo.
AB  - The hypolipidemic as well as other laboratory and clinical effects of halofenate,
      clofibrate, and placebo were compared in 29 patients with type IV
      hyperlipoproteinemia in a double-blind, controlled, therapeutic trial of 1 yr
      duration. Plasma drug levels were obtained to monitor compliance. Clofibrate and
      halofenate lowered serum triglycerides to a similar extent. The
      hypotriglyceridemic effect of halofenate was significant only when data from
      noncompliant patients were discarded. Only clofibrate lowered baseline levels of
      plasma cholesterol. Very low density lipoproteins were decreased and low density
      lipoproteins were increased by clofibrate but not by halofenate. Halofenate had a
      marked hypouricemic effect that was greater than that of clofibrate. The
      hypouricemic effect of halofenate and clofibrate was paralleled by a concomitant
      decrease in serum bilirubin. Abnormal increases in serum creatine phosphokinase
      were observed with both drugs primarily in patients who had abnormal initial
      levels.

PMID- 177245
TI  - The kidney and hypertension.

PMID- 177247
TI  - Negative contrast electron microscopic diagnosis of viruses of neonatal calf
      diarrhea.
AB  - Ninety-one cases of neonatal calf diarrhea were examined for viruses with
      negative contrast electron microscopy. Viruses were demonstrated in 41% of the
      cases. Reo-like viruses and corona-like viruses, and mixed virus populations were
      observed in 12%, 20% and 9%, respectively. Twenty-six of the cases were examined
      by negative contrast electron microscopy, and by virus isolation or by
      fluorescent antibody technique. There was an 81% agreement in obtained results.
      The disagreements resulted from the demonstration of a viral agent by negative
      contrast electron microscopy while the other techniques did not indicate a virus.
      The results suggest that negative contrast electron microscopy is a more
      sensitive diagnostic tool for demonstration of viruses associated with neonatal
      calf diarrhea than are viral isolation or the fluorescent antibody technique.

PMID- 177246
TI  - Red cell enzymes--IV. A comparative study of red blood cells from various species
      of marsupials in Australia.

PMID- 177248
TI  - Serological comparison of French WD-42 enterovirus isolate with bovine winter
      dysentery in New York State.
AB  - Forty-eight acute and convalescent paired serums from 10 dairy cattle herds
      naturally infected with winter dysentery and 10 paired serums from laboratory
      infected heifers were tested for antibody to bovine enterovirus WD-42 which
      reportedly reproduced the disease syndrome in France. Only 3 naturally infected
      and 1 experimentally infected animals had 2-fold antibody responses. No clinical
      symptoms were observed in 2 steers inoculated with WD-42. Each had a 4-fold or
      greater antibody response to the virus. Results indicate that the winter
      dysentery syndrome observed in New York is produced by an agent other than WD-42
      virus and that it is produced by an agent other than an enterovirus.

PMID- 177249
TI  - Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (receptor-negative type). Repository
      identification No. GM-361.

PMID- 177250
TI  - Increased serum calcitonin levels in bronchogenic cancer.
AB  - A study of 26 men with bronchogenic cancer demonstrated high serum calcitonin
      levels in 62 percent (16). Levels were particularly high in patients with small
      cell cancer and adenocarcinoma. Two varieties of hypercalcitonemia have been
      encountered: (1) ectopic hypercalcitonemia, in which the hormone is secreted by
      the tumor, and (2) thyroidal hypercalcitonemia, in which the high values emanate
      from the thyroid gland. In several patients, serum calcitonin levels decreased
      following therapy for the cancer. Further studies are needed to evaluate the
      diagnostic value and clnical utility of serum calcitonin levels as a marker
      substance in bronchogenic cancer.

PMID- 177251
TI  - [Agenesis of the pectoralis major with brachysyndactyly (Poland's syndrome)].

PMID- 177252
TI  - Mechanisms of functional loss and recovery in spinal cord damage.
AB  - Two main classes of morphological change follow trauma to central nerve fibres:
      (1) axonal disruption leads to total disintegration of the fibre distal (with
      respect to the cell body) to the lesion; (2) less severe trauma produces focal
      demyelination with preservation of axonal continuity. Large experimental
      demyelinating lesions produce complete conduction block. The histologically
      normal portions of the fibres, proximal and distal to the lesion, retain the
      ability to transmit impulses. Smaller lesions allow conduction to continue, but
      at a reduced velocity, and the ability of the fibres to carry long trains of
      impulses faithfully is impaired. All three defects of conduction contribute to
      functional loss. After acute transient compression of the spinal cord of the cat,
      demyelination increases during the first week. Evidence of remyelination appears
      in the third week. Inappropriately thin myelin is seen surrounding histologically
      normal axons. By one month, 90% of the fibres in the lesion have acquired new
      sheaths. Studies on single fibres have shown that the myelin is organized into
      segments bounded by nodes. The segments are abnormally thin and short. The myelin
      increases in thickness with time but thin segments are still present at 18
      months. Electron microscopy shows that many of the known ultrastructural
      prerequisites for conduction are present in the new segments. It is not yet
      known, however, whether the chains of very short internodes which occur on some
      fibres allow conduction to be restored.

PMID- 177253
TI  - [Thermodynamic properties of brain polyphosphoinositides].

PMID- 177254
TI  - [Laboratory diagnostic differences between hepatitis A and hepatitis B].

PMID- 177255
TI  - [Receptors for steroid hormones. Physiological and pathogenetical significance].

PMID- 177257
TI  - [Letter: Neurologic complications following influenza vaccination?].

PMID- 177256
TI  - [Receptors for polypeptide hormones. Physiologic and pathogenetic significance].

PMID- 177258
TI  - [Comparative studies on avian encephalomyelitis virus strains from chickens and
      turkeys].

PMID- 177259
TI  - [Cellular pathways for mediation of hormonal influences].

PMID- 177260
TI  - [Nerve cell connections].

PMID- 177261
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the lymphocytic nucleus under the effect of phytohemagglutinin
      stimulation].
AB  - The author presents a review of the literature, in which he describes the blast
      transformation of lymphocytes, induced by lectines, as a proper model for
      examining the metabolic and connected with them morphological changes in cellular
      activation. The literature connected with the basic achievements in examining the
      ultrastructure of the interphase nucleus is also described. The author presents
      his studies on the dynamic changes, occuring in the nucleus in the course of the
      blast transformation, induced by phytohemagglutinin. The author found early
      changes in the nuclear chromatin, discovered within the first hour, using
      together with the ordinary double staining and the method for visualization of
      RNA structures (EDTA method of W. Bernar) and the method of G. Moyne for
      establishing DNA. It was established by means of nuclear morphometry that within
      the first hour the reduction of dense chromatin on account of the dispersed
      chromatin was 7,7%, the 24th hour was 26,0% and on the 48th hour was 26,3%. On
      the basis of the morphometric examination the author found also that the largest
      was the number of perichromatin granules in nontransformed lymphocytes of PHA
      cultures. The supposition that these were B-lymphocytes was supported by
      analogous morphometric examination on lymphocytes obtained from the thymus and
      bursa Fabricius of newly shelled chickens and it was established that this number
      in the bursa was more than twice larger. There were three types of arrangement of
      the interchromatin granules: in groups, diffuse and in chains and it was found
      that the last type was connected with the largest number of perichromatin
      granules. The author discusses the possibility for a transfer of whole
      perichromatin granules through the nuclear pores in cases under strong
      stimulation such as that of phytohemagglutinin.

PMID- 177264
TI  - Basal and dibutyryl cyclic AMP-stimulated release of newly synthesized and stored
      growth hormone from perifused rat pituitaries.
AB  - The basal rate of pre-labeled stored 14C-labeled rat growth hormone ([14C]rGH)
      release from perifused rat pituitary explants is a constant fraction of pituitary
      GH content, suggesting random release from the storage pool. Basal release of
      newly synthesized [3H]rGH occurs in two phases: 1) immediate and associated with
      [3H]rGH synthesis, and 2) late (delayed by 60 min) and independent of concurrent
      [3H]rGH synthesis. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10(-2)M)-stimulated release of stored
      [14C]rGH is characterized by an initial acute rise followed by a second phase of
      continuous rapid release. Immediate and late release of new [3H]rGH is increased
      by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and the late phase of [3H]rGH is less delayed.
      Simultaneous exposure of pituitary explants to [3H]alanine and [14C]leucine
      resulted in the release of immunoprecipitable rGH whose ratio of incorporated 3H
      and 14C varied with time. The observed changes suggest that after it is
      synthesized, a GH molecule may either be released directly or be processed into
      the somatotroph's storage compartment. In addition, stored GH is composed of two
      pools, one of which is immediately releasable. The differential incorporation of
      [3H]alanine and [14C]leucine into "big" and "small" rGH, together with the
      ability to differentially displace 3H-labeled "big" and 14C-labeled "small" rGH
      from the GH antibody suggest that "big" rGH is a heterogenous molecule including
      "small" rGH and another peptide rather than simply a dimer of "small" rGH.

PMID- 177263
TI  - [Thermography of 2 cases of rare vascular dysplasia].

PMID- 177262
TI  - [Mechanism of the antispasmogenic action of some substances that affect the 3',
      5'-AMP system].
AB  - The authors carried out studies on isolated segmets of ileum with a length of 3
      sm. obtained from both male and female, mature and immature guinea pigs and adult
      male and female rats as well as on isolated vasa deferntia, obtained from guinea
      pigs and rats. They examined the influence of a group of substances, known as
      stimulators and inhibitors of adenyl-cyclase and phosphodiesterase (isoprenaline,
      lithium sulfate, imidazol, theophiline and eupaverine) on the spasmogenic effects
      of acethylcholine (on ileum) and of noradrenaline (on vas deferens). These
      substances were used in doses, which were subthreshold in respect to their effect
      on the biogenesis and exzymic inactivation of the cyclic AMP. The authors found
      certain species, adult and sex differences in the spasmogenic effects of
      acethylcholine and noradrenaline. The examined substances lowered the spasmogenic
      effects of acethylcholine and noradrenaline in most of the experiments. Since the
      examined substance-classical means for altering the endogenous production of the
      cyclic AMP-show antispasmogenic effect in concentrations subthreshold for their
      influence on the level of the cyclic AMP, an inference is made that their
      inherent antispasmogenic effect is due also to a mechanism, which does not
      require the inclusion of the system of the cyclic AMP.

PMID- 177265
TI  - Characterization and modulation of growth hormone and prolactin binding in mouse
      liver.
AB  - The specific binding of 125I-labeled insulin, human hormone ([125I]hGH), bovine
      growth hormone ([125I]bGH), and ovine prolactin ([125I]oPRL) was studied in mouse
      liver membranes. [125I]hGH and [125I]oPRL bound to adult liver membranes.
      Pregnancy increased the specific binding of [125I]hGH but not that of [125I]oPRL.
      [125I]hGH was displaced from membranes of pregnant mice by hGH, oPRL, and bGH,
      but only by hGH and oPRL from liver membranes of nonpregnant mice. Significant
      specific binding of [125I]bGH was seen only in pregnancy. The binding of
      [125I]bGH to pregnant mouse liver membranes increased with increasing
      concentration of either membrane protein or [125I]bGH. Both the specific binding
      and dissociation of [125I]bGH were greatly influenced by the time and temperature
      of incubation. Binding of [125I]bGH was inhibited by growth hormones, including
      hGH and rat GH, and not by lactogenic hormones (various prolactins and human
      placental lactogen), ACTH, glucagon, or insulin. The inhibition of [125I]hGH
      binding by hGH and bGH, in the presence of excess (2 mug/ml) of PRL, was very
      similar to that seen with [125I]bGH. Scatchard plots of displacement dose
      response curves obtained under steady state conditions of 4C were nonlinear and
      very similar with either [125I]bGH or [125I]hGH. This contrasted with the linear
      Scatchard plots obtained from displacement dose-response curves of either
      [125I]oPRL or [125I]hGH in the presence of excess (2 mug/ml) bGH. Termination of
      pregnancy, either naturally or by hysterectomy, reduced [125I]bGH specific
      binding to nonpregnant levels by 24 to 36 h. Estrogen administration did not
      increase [125I]bGH binding in hepatic membranes. Nonpregnant mice possess hepatic
      lactogen binding sites which are uninfluenced by pregnancy. GH specific binding
      sites are markedly augmented during pregnancy. The close correlation between the
      level of these sites and pregnancy suggests that they are regulated by a product
      of the fetoplacental unit.

PMID- 177267
TI  - Comparison of the metabolism and distribution of L-triiodothyronine and
      triiodothyroacetic acid in the rat: a possible explanation of differential
      hormonal potency.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that nuclear displacement of
      triiodothyronine (T3) is more rapidly dissipated after iv injection of
      triiodothyroacetic acid (triac) than after equimolar doses of T3. This suggested
      that the discrepancy between the strong nuclear binding of triac and its
      relatively weak thyromimetic effect could be explained by a more rapid fractional
      rate of triac metabolism. To test this hypothesis, tracer studies with
      radioactively labeled T3 and triac were carried out in normal male Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Noncompartmental analysis showed that the average residence time of tracer
      triac in the exchangeable compartment was 5.5 h compared with 10.9 h for T3. The
      metabolic clearance rate of triac was 14.4 ml/h/100 g BW and of T3 17.6 ml/h/100
      g. The average distribution space of triac was 78.2 ml/100 g and of T3 190.7
      ml/100 g. The fraction of isotope excreted via the fecal route was 0.46 for triac
      and 0.41 for T3. Triac was approximately 16 times as firmly bound to plasma
      proteins as was T3. Isotopic studies suggested that a rapid exchange of tracer
      triac occurred between plasma, cytosol, and nuclei, similar to previously
      observed relationships for T3. Based on the daily dose of T3 and triac required
      to maintain a normal concentration of alpha-glycero-phosphate dehydrogenase in
      thyroidectomized animals, the T3:triac potency ratio was estimated to be 3.0. Our
      observations support the concept that a shorter duration of nuclear occupancy
      observed in previous experiments can be attributed to a more rapid fractional
      metabolism of triac and may explain the lesser hormonal effect of this compound.
      Since labeled triac could not be identified in nuclear extracts after the
      injection of isotopically labeled T3, it appears unlikely that the initiation of
      hormonal effects by T3 at the nuclear level is dependent on its prior conversion
      to triac.

PMID- 177266
TI  - Capacity of immunologically purified FSH to stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation and
      steroidogenesis in Graafian follicles and to induce ovum maturation and ovulation
      in the rat.
AB  - Reference preparations of ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (NIH-FSH-S8 and S9;
      10-50 mug/ml) induced ovum maturation and stimulated cyclic AMP formation, as
      well as progesterone and 17beta-estradiol secretion, by rat Graafian follicles in
      vitro. These actions of NIH-FSH were retained after immunoabsorption of any
      contaminating luteinizing hormone (LH) present in the preparations, by treatment
      with an antiserum to the beta-subunit of purified ovine LH (anti-betaLH). In
      contrast, the corresponding biological actions of NIH-LH-S18 (0.5-10 mug/ml) were
      abolished by treatment with this anti-betaLH serum. A highly purified FSH
      preparation (64-96 CD, 0.25 mug/ml) also triggered oocytic meiosis and increased
      follicular progesterone secretion in vitro. Intraperitoneal (ip) administration
      of anti-betaLH-treated NIH-FSH-S9 (50 mug/rat at 1430 h) consistently induced
      ovulation in proestrous rats in which the endogenous gonadotropin surge had been
      blocked by ip injection of either Nembutal (1345 h) or antiserum to the LH
      releasing hormone (1200 h). Injection (ip) of anti-betaLH serum on its own into
      proestrous rats at 1200 h prevented ovum maturation and follicular rupture. We
      conclude that currently available reference preparations of ovine FSH possess the
      capacity to stimulate follicular adenylate cyclase, steroidogenesis, and ovum
      maturation in vitro, as well as ovulation in vivo, in the rat, and that this
      capacity cannot be attributed to contamination with material immunochemically
      identical with LH. However, it is inferred that the physiological triggering of
      ovulation and related events in this species depends principally on LH.

PMID- 177268
TI  - Corticoid receptors in rat brain: evidence for an aldosterone receptor.
AB  - The existence of high and low affinity mineralocorticoid-binding macromolecules
      (receptors) has been demonstrated in vitro in cytosols derived from the
      adrenalectomized rat brain by the specific binding of [3H]aldosterone (3H-A). The
      high-affinity aldosterone sites can be distinguished from those sites which have
      a higher affinity for either [3H]dexamethasone (3H-DM) or [3H]corticosterone (3H
      B) on the basis of selectivity for spirolactone SC-9420 or non-radioactive A, DM,
      and B. The binding of 3H-A to the receptors was maximal after 2 hours of
      incubation of 0-4C. No significant binding of 3H-A to the receptors could be
      demonstrated when incubations of the radioactive ligand were performed at either
      20 or 37 C, indicating that the receptor is heat-liabile. Scatchard analysis of
      the 3H-A binding data over a 200-fold concentration range of 3H-A indicated that
      there are two binding sites for aldosterone, a high affinity component (a1) with
      a Kd approximately equal to 1.5 X 10(-9)M and a low-affinity component (a2) with
      a Kd approximately equal to 6.3 X 10(-8)M. A similar study using 3H-DM as the
      radioactive ligand demonstrated only one site for the 3H-DM binding with a Kd =
      6.2 X 10(-9)M. The presence of specific aldosterone receptors in the brain with
      high affinity, limited capacity, and selectivity for aldosterone suggests a
      possible extra-renal mechanism of action of the hormone in or mediated through
      the CNS.

PMID- 177270
TI  - Studies on ACTH dynamics in cultured adenohypophyseal cells: effect of
      adrenalectomy or dexamethasone in vitro.
AB  - Basal or hypothalamic extract-induced ACTH or TSH secretory capacity as well as
      intracellular ACTH content were assessed in cultured rat adenohypophyseal cells
      after various pretreatments of the donor animals. Medium and intracellular ACTH
      or TSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Ten-day to 2-month adrenalectomy
      enhanced, whereas dexamethasone pretreatment suppressed, both synthesis and
      secretion of ACTH in the adenohypophyseal cells. Dexamethasone may also impair
      the replication of the adenohypophyseal cells in vivo, as indicated by the
      smaller number of cells obtained per animal in the dexamethasone-treated group.
      No significant increase in TSH secretion was observed when adenohypophyseal cells
      were derived from rats fed propyl-thiouracil (PTU) for 3 weeks instead of from
      intact rats.

PMID- 177271
TI  - Regulation of estrogen receptors in ovarian-dependent rat mammary tumors. I.
      Effects of castration and prolactin.
AB  - The "ovarian-dependent" rat mammary tumors, induced by 9,10 dimethyl-1,2
      benzanthracene, were assayed for their estrogen receptor content by dextran
      coated charcoal adsorption and sucrose gradient ultra-centrifugation. The
      estradiol receptors bound estrogens with a high affinity (KD approximately 0.25
      nM), limited capacity and high specificity, and sediment at 8 S in a sucrose
      gradient. The cytosol receptors were transferred to the nucleus after binding to
      estrogens either in vivo or in vitro. The tumor area regressed by 70% during the
      first 10 days of castration while the concentration of estradiol cytosol
      receptors decreased from 225 to 16 fmoles/mg of protein. Three to five days after
      in vivo administration of estradiol (2 mug daily) or prolactin (1 mg daily) the
      concentration of estrogen receptors was increased in spayed rats. In biopsy
      experiments, prolactin, but not estradiol, was shown to increase the estrogen
      receptor concentration when endogenous prolactin release was blocked by CB 154.
      Prolactin did not modify the intracellular distribution of the estrogen receptor
      or its binding affinity for estrogen. The uterine estrogen receptor sites were
      not modified by prolactin under the same conditions. We, therefore, suggest that
      in mammary tumors prolactin sensitizes the action of estrogens at the target
      level by increasing the concentration of their available receptor sites.

PMID- 177272
TI  - Effect of feeding and fasting on the early steps of glucagon action in isolated
      rat liver cells.
AB  - The effect of the nutritional state (fasted or fed) on the binding of glucagon
      and on the glucagon-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in the presence of
      theophylline was studied in isolated rat liver cells. The binding of glucagon was
      higher in cells from fed than in those from fasted rats at each concentration of
      glucagon tested between 0.1 and 36 nM. The specific binding of the hormone was
      about 2-fold higher in cells from fed than from fasted rats. At concentrations of
      glucagon between 0.1 and 2.2 nM, the accumulation of cyclic AMP in the presence
      of 1 mM theophylline was higher in the cells from fed rats. Furthermore, 4 times
      as much glucagon was required to elicit half-maximal cyclic AMP accumulation in
      the cells of fasted (1.47 nM) than in the cells of fed (0.35 nM) rats. These data
      suggest that, in isolated rat liver cells, both glucagon binding to receptor
      sites and glucagon-stimulated cyclic AMP levels in the presence of theophylline
      can be affected by the nutritional status of the animal.

PMID- 177269
TI  - Androgen-uterine interaction: nuclear translocation of the estrogen receptor and
      induction of the synthesis of the uterine-induced protein (IP) by high
      concentrations of androgens in vitro but not in vivo.
AB  - High concentrations of androgens in vitro [10(-6) and 10(-7)M 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T)] translocate the estrogen receptor
      from cytoplasmic to the nuclear fraction of the immature rat uterus, and the
      androgen translocated sites are capable of eliciting the synthesis of the
      specific uterine "induced protein" (IP), formerly attributed to estrogenic
      compounds only. The magnitude of receptor translocation and IP synthesis
      induction is related to the concentration of androgen, and, at equal
      concentrations, DHT is more effective than T. Competitive protein-binding asssays
      with cell-free uterine cytosol indicate that DHT and T bind with barely
      detectable affinity to the cytosol estrogen receptor detectable affinity to the
      cytosol estrogen receptor [relative binding ability ca. 0.001% that of estradiol
      (E2)], and radioactive E2 uptake into whole uterus after pretreatment with
      androgens indicates that the androgen-translocated nuclear sites are readily
      filled by E2. DHT and T translocate the estrogen receptor to the nucleus in
      vitro, and the salt-extracted nuclear receptor is present as a 5 S
      ("transformed") receptor; however, concentrations of DHT and T that effect
      translocation are unable to elicit the heat-activated transformation of the
      estrogen receptor in cell free cytosol under conditions in which low
      concentrations of E2 fully transform the receptor. Under in vivo conditions, high
      levels of androgens (5--2,000 mug DHT or T) do not evoke any detectable
      translocation of the estrogen receptor and do not elicit any IP synthesis
      induction although uterine weight is increased (greater than 200 mug androgen) in
      long-term (2--3 day) assays. The analysis of androgen uptake and metabolism
      indicates that 500 mug or higher doses of DHT or T in vivo result in uterine
      concentrations of unmetabolized DHT or T equal to those seen after exposure to 5
      X 10(-7) - 1 X 10(-6)M DHT or T in vitro. Hence, under conditions where in vivo
      and in vitro tissue uptake of androgen is equivalent, in vivo androgens are
      unable to affect the estrogen receptor system as is seen in vitro. These studies
      indicate that the in vitro and in vivo effects of androgens on the uterus are
      clearly different and suggest that the actions of androgens on the uterus in vivo
      are probably not directly mediated through the estrogen receptor system.

PMID- 177273
TI  - Binding of cytosol receptor-glucocorticoid complexes by isolated nuclei of
      glucocorticoid-responsive and nonresponsive cultured cells.
AB  - Nuclear binding of the AtT-20 cytosol receptor-glucocorticoid complex was studied
      in a cell-free system using nuclei from steroid-responsive (AtT-20) and
      nonresponsive (EPO-G1) cell lines, both of which synthesize ACTH. The AtT-20 cell
      line was derived from a mouse pituitary adenocarcinoma,  while the EPO cell line
      was established from a human malignant melanoma. The nonresponsive EPO cells
      lacked a cytosol receptor for glucocorticoids, and, when whole cells were
      incubated with labeled glucocorticoid, they were unable to concentrate the
      steroid in their nuclei. A cell-free system using AtT-20 cytosol preincubated
      with labeled glucocorticoid was used to study binding by isolated nuclei. Binding
      to isolated nuclei from both cell lines was indistinguishable, in terms of
      temperature sensitivity, binding capacity, and saturability. Sucrose density
      gradient analyses of KCl extracts of nuclei labeled under these cell-free
      conditions showed 3.2-3.6 S peaks. In contrast, a 4.0 S peak was observed
      consistently when unreacted cytosol was analyzed on high-salt gradients,
      suggesting that interaction with nuclei from both cell lines caused the receptor
      to alter its sedimentation characteristics. These findings suggest either that
      all cells contain nuclear acceptor sites and that target cell responsiveness is
      conferred solely by the presence or absence of the cytosol receptor, or that
      binding sites detected in isolated nuclei may be different from those observed in
      intact cells and may, in fact, obscure them.

PMID- 177275
TI  - Dog thyroid cells in monolayer tissue culture: adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic
      monophosphate response to thyrotropic hormone.
AB  - A simple, rapid, and efficient method is described for establishing dog thyroid
      cells in tissue culture. Thyroid cell yield from a small amount of tissue (1 g)
      is high and viability is excellent. The adenosine 3',5-cyclic monophosphate
      (cAMP) response to thyrotropin (TSH) was investigated in these thyroid cells.
      Peak cAMP values were achieved after 10-15 min of TSH stimulation (in the
      presence of 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine, MIX), with a subsequent decline
      to about half the maximal value after approximately 4 hours. This decline in cAMP
      concentration was associated with the development of refractoriness to TSH
      stimulation. Half-maximal stimulation of thyroid cell cAMP content was observed
      at a TSH concentration of between 1 and 2 mU/ml. Maximal cAMP values achieved
      were approximately 30-fold greater than basal values in the presence of MIX. The
      threshold of sensitivity of the cAMP response to TSH was very low, with
      significant stimulation being observed at a TSH concentration of 5-10 muU/ml. As
      determined by double reciprocal plots, the net cAMP response to TSH appeared to
      represent a single function over the entire TSH concentration range tested.

PMID- 177274
TI  - A possible role of cyclic AMP in mediating the effects of thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone on prolactin release and on prolactin and growth hormone synthesis in
      pituitary cells in culture.
AB  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has 3 effects on clonal strains of rat
      pituitary cells in culture (GH-cells). Two long-term effects of TRH on GH-cells,
      which are measurable after 3 h or longer, have been previously reported; these
      are an increase in prolactin synthesis and a decrease in growth hormone
      production. We report here that TRH also stimulates the rapid release of stored
      intracellular prolactin. We have investigated the role of cyclic AMP as a
      possible mediator of the effects of TRH on GH-cells. Cyclic AMP concentrations
      are higher in cells treated with TRH compared with paired controls; a maximum
      difference of greater than 150% of control values is detected at 15 min if the
      incubation is performed in serum-free medium in the presence of 1 mM
      theophylline. The concentration of TRH required to give half-maximum increases in
      both prolactin release and cyclic AMP accumulation is 0.3 nM; half-maximal
      increases in prolactin synthesis occur at 3 nM TRH. Exogenous cyclic AMP (1 mM)
      causes only a slight increase in prolactin release; 8-bromo-cyclic AMP and 8
      methylthio-cyclic AMP (1 mM) do not cause significant release. Phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors (0.3 mM theophylline, 0.03 mM isobutyl-methylxanthine) increase
      prolactin release but their effects on hormone synthesis are more complicated.
      Isobutylmethylxanthine, 8-bromo-cyclic AMP and 8-methylthio-cyclic AMP (0.4 MM)
      increase prolactin synthesis, but do not significantly affect growth hormone
      synthesis. Theophylline increases the synthesis of both hormones. Dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP (0.5 mM or more) increases prolactin release and both growth hormone
      and prolactin synthesis, but equivalent amounts of sodium butyrate have the same
      effects. We conclude that in GH-cells under carefully defined experimental
      conditions: 1) TRH causes an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations;
      2) the increase in endogenous cyclic AMP and the effects of phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors are consistent with a model with cyclic AMP as a mediator of the
      effects of TRH on prolactin release; however, they do not prove this model,
      because the interpretation of these results depends on assumptions which may not
      all be valid; and 3) none of the analogs of cyclic AMP or the phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors tested mimic the decrease in growth hormone production caused by TRH.

PMID- 177276
TI  - A receptor-like testosterone-binding protein in ovaries from estrogen-stimulated
      hypophysectomized immature female rats.
AB  - A soluble thermolabile protein with many characteristics of an androgen receptor
      has been demonstrated for the first time in the cytosol (100,000 X g supernatant)
      of estrogen-stimulated ovaries from hypophysectomized immature female rats (HIFR)
      treated with diethylstilbestrol in Silastic capsules (DESC). This binding protein
      is organ-specific and androgen-specific, has a high affinity with a Kd of 2.4 X
      10(-9)M for testosterone, and is saturable with 2.1 X 10(-13) moles of binding
      sites per mg cytosol protein. The number of binding sites is linear with cytosol
      protein concentration and the binding protein sediments at 7-8 S on sucrose
      gradients. Estradiol is an effective inhibitor of testosterone binding. A role
      for this testosterone-binding protein as an effector of ovarian morphologic
      change is hypothesized.

PMID- 177277
TI  - Hormonal control of renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity during
      development of the rat.
AB  - The effect of injections of hormones in utero on fetal rat kidney and liver
      extramitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity has been studied.
      Glucagon and thyroxine induced the liber enzyme but none of the hormones tested
      affected the renal enzyme. In the postnatal rat, the hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate
      barboxykinase activity is increased after triamcinolone or thyroxine injection
      but only triamcinolone injection increases the activity of the kidney enzyme. It
      is suggested that the rise in renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity at
      about 10 days of age is due to the increase in blood corticosterone content
      occurring at the same age.

PMID- 177278
TI  - Intramicrosomal location in intestine of enzymes which synthesize complex lipid.
AB  - Smooth and rough microsomal fractions were prepared from hamster intestinal
      mucosa and assayed for RNA, diglyceride acyltransferase,
      cholinephosphotransferase and lysolecithin acyltransferase. The specific activity
      of cholinephosphotransferase was 4-fold more in the rough than in the smooth
      microsomal fractions, whereas diglyceride and lysolecithin acyltransferases were
      respectively 26 and 57% more active in the rough microsomal fraction. The two
      acyltransferases were similarly located in the microsomes and more closely
      corresponded to the location of dietary lipid than cholinephosphotransferase.

PMID- 177279
TI  - Undifferentiated patterns of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in injured
      livers. I. Acute carbon-tetrachloride intoxication of rat.
AB  - In acute CCL4 intoxication of rats significantly increased activities of hepatic
      low-Km hexokinases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase,
      aldolase A and pyruvate kinase M2 with concurrently decreased activities of
      glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, aldolase B and
      pyruvate kinase L were observed. The resulting enzyme pattern was apparently
      different from that in dietary induction. Principal component analysis revealed
      that the degree of enzyme deviation in the injured liver was much greater than
      that in the regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy and was closer to that
      in fetal liver or hepatoma tissue.

PMID- 177280
TI  - A reassessment of the phospholipid dependence of membrane-bound enzymes, with
      special reference to glucose-6-phosphatase and Na+, K+-dependent adenosine
      triphosphatase.
AB  - It is suggested that the specific involvement of phospholipid in either the
      expression or constraint of glucose-6-phosphatase activity is not conclusively
      established by the existing experimental evidence. The physiological significance
      of an apparent requirement for phosphatidylserine for Na+, K+-dependent adenosine
      triphosphatase activity is also questioned. The need for a critical reassessment
      of past conclusions in the light of present knowledge is emphasized.

PMID- 177281
TI  - Serological detection of equid herpesvirus 1 infections of the respiratory tract.
AB  - An investigation was made of 3 serological tests (virus neutralization,
      complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence), which are applicable to
      epidemiological studies of infections by Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1). Sera from
      gnotobiotic foals inoculated intranasally with various strains of EHV-1 were
      unable in some cases to neutralize heterologous strains and these results were
      not consistent with the existence of clearly-defined subtypes of EHV-1, as
      previously proposed. The cross-reactions in complement-fixation tests paralleled
      those with neutralization but immunofluorescence tests were found to be both more
      sensitive and more broadly reactive than the other two. Complement-fixing
      antibodies declined more rapidly following experimental infection than did those
      measured by neutralization or immunofluorescence. The results are discussed in
      relation to the diagnosis of EHV-1 infection and the significance they may have
      for the epidemiology of this disease.

PMID- 177282
TI  - A possible correlation between lipid hydration and lipid activation of the C55
      isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase apoprotein.
AB  - 1. A direct method for determining the binding of triated water to lipids is
      described. The experimental conditions were practically identical to those
      previously employed (1974) in the determination of the cofactor activities of a
      series of oleyl-lipids in reactivation of the C55-isoprenoid alcohol
      phosphokinase apoprotein. 2. Active cofactor lipids (dioleyl lecithin, sodium
      oleate, 1-monoolein, 1-monomyristin)bound between 2.3 and 5.3 nmol 3H2O per nmol
      lipid, whereas less than 0.14 nmol 3H2O were bound per nmol of the inactive
      lipids (1,2- and 1,3-diolein, triolein, oleyl alcohol, methyl oleate, cholesteryl
      oleate). 3. When exposed to 3H2O vapour, the active lipids adsorbed between 1 and
      2 nmol 3H2O per nmol lipid, whereas the inactive lipids adsorbed less than 0.1
      nmol 3H2O per nmol lipid. 4. The active lipid cofactor, egg lecithin, bound more
      than twice as much 3H2O as egg phosphatidylethanolamine which was devoid of
      cofactor activity in the absence of detergent. 5. Appropriately hydrated lipid
      polar groups are concluded to be required for an alignment with polar amino acid
      side chains of the enzyme apoprotein in the formation of a mixed micellar
      lipoprotein complex. The enzyme reaction might occur at the resulting
      lipoprotein/water interface.

PMID- 177283
TI  - Homoserine kinase from Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Homoserine kinase was purified to apparent homogeneity from a derepressed strain
      of Escherichia coli K12, using standard fractionation techniques. It is a dimer
      (Mr = 60000) composed of apparently identical polypeptide chains (Mr = 29000).
      Its amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence have been determined. L
      Threonine is a competitive inhibitor of the substrate L-homoserine; this
      inhibition is straighforward and shows no sign of co-operativity. Evidence is
      presented that homoserine and threonine bind to the same site of this non
      allosteric enzyme. The binding of homoserine and threonine can also be studied by
      difference spectroscopy; the latter studies reveal an unexpected effect of
      magnesium ions, which might be the basis for the unusual high Mg2+ requirement
      for optimal enzyme reaction.

PMID- 177284
TI  - Phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins.
AB  - 1. Tubulin is not an adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate-dependent (cyclic-AMP
      dependent) protein kinase. Both entities have been clearly separated by sucrose
      gradient ultracentrifugation. With a tubulin preparation obtained by the
      polymerization-depolymerization technique protein kinase had a sedimentation
      coefficient of 8.7 S whereas tubulin sedimented with 6.4 S. After preincubation
      with both cyclic AMP and histone the kinase dissociated into its catalytic
      subunit with a sedimentation coefficient of 3.4 S. 2. Tubulin prepared by the
      polymerization-depolymerization technique was neither phosphorylated in vivo nor
      in vitro. On the contrary if this preparation was further purified by the
      Weisenberg's procedure (DEAE-Sephadex batch absorption) before incubation with
      [gamma-32 P]ATP, phosphorylation occurred. Thus, phosphorylation depended on the
      method used to purify tubulin i.e. was likely to an an artefact.

PMID- 177285
TI  - Conformational changes associated with transient activation of phosphorylase in
      glycogen particles. Studies using activity, electron-spin-resonance and
      phosphorus-nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements.
AB  - 1. Calcium-dependent transient phosphorylation of phorphorylase b has been
      monitored in a rabbit muscle glycogen particle fraction. Using a phosphorus
      nuclear magnetic resonance assay, the changes in concentrations of small
      phosphate-containing metabolites associated with this event have been measured.
      In addition, the conformation of phosphorylase has been monitored during
      transient activation by observing changes in the electron spin resonance signal
      from added spin-labelled phosphorylase. 2. The transient activation was
      associated with a loss of glucose-6-phosphate from phosphorylase b; newly formed
      phosphorylase a binds the nucleotides ADP, AMP, or IMP. Because of the fast
      interconversion of these nucleotides the species bound to phosphorylase a change
      throughout the process. 3. Lowering the [Mg2+] : [Ca2+] ratio during transient
      activation causes accumulation of ADP. Electron spin resonance data from spin
      labelled phosphorylase shows that, under these conditions, ADP binding to
      phosphorylase a is potentiated. 4. Calcium-dependent activation in the glycogen
      particle fraction is compared to the activation of phosphorylase in vivo.

PMID- 177286
TI  - Spin-labelled AMP - an activator of phosphorylase.
AB  - 1. A spin-labelled AMP derivative and its diamagnetic analogue activate
      phosphorylase b in the same way, but do not activate phosphorylase a. 2. The
      electron-spin-resonance spectra of the spin-labelled AMP derivative bound to
      phosphorylase b and a have "powderlike" characteristics indicating that the spin
      label is immobilised on the protein. From changes in the electron-spin-resonance
      spectrum of spin-labelled AMP as phosphorylase b or a is added, the dissociation
      constants were calculated. 3. The interactions of spin-labelled AMP and the
      diamagnetic analogue with phosphorylase b and a have been monitored by observing
      changes in the spectral properties of fluorescent and spin-label probes
      covalently attached to the enzyme. 4. The dissociation constants of spin-labelled
      AMP and phosphorylase b or a are 175 +/- 25 muM and 15 +/- 5 muM respectively.
      Similar dissociation constants are obtained for the diamagnetic analogue. The
      effect of these AMP derivatives on the covalently attached probe groups and on
      phosphorylase activity is compared to the effect of AMP and IMP.

PMID- 177287
TI  - Gangliosides of hepatoma 27, normal and regenerating rat liver.
AB  - The highly malignant rat hepatoma 27 was found to have increased amounts of lipid
      bound sialic acid as compared with normal liver whereas in regenerating liver the
      lipid-bound sialic acid level was reduced. In contrast to the liver the hepatoma
      contained higher amounts of disialogangliosides and no trisialogangliosides,
      which are abundant in the liver. The main disialoganglioside of the hepatoma had
      no analogue among the liver gangliosides and was identified as Gal-GalNAc(AcNeu
      AcNeu)-Glc-Cer (GD1b), which in other tissues is known to be a precursor of
      trisialogangliosides. These findings may be explained by a reduced activity of
      glycosyltransferases in the hepatoma and apparently do not simply reflect
      differences in growth rate since the ganglioside pattern of regenerating rat
      liver was not altered significantly in comparison with the liver. Liver and
      hepatoma microsomes were found to be enriched in gangliosides as compared with
      whole cells, liver mitochondria were slightly poorer, while the ganglioside level
      of hepatoma mitochondria was much higher than that of the hepatoma cells. It thus
      appears that the existing image of the plasma membranes as the only sites of high
      ganglioside concentration may not hold true for weakly differentiated hepatomas
      of high malignancy.

PMID- 177288
TI  - Horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase and Pseudomonas testosteroni 3(17)beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase transfer epimeric hydrogens from NADH to 17beta
      hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one. An exception to one of the Alworth-Bentley rules.
AB  - In the reduction of 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one to the 3beta-alcohol,
      horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase utilizes the 4-pro-R hydrogen of NADH whereas
      the 3(17)beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas testosteroni utulized
      the 4-pro-S hydrogen. These observations provide an exception to the rule
      proposed by Alworth and Bentley that with regard to the paired methylene
      hydrogens at C-4 of NADH and NADPH "the stereospecificity of a particular
      reaction is fixed and does not vary with the source of the enzyme preparation".
      It is also apparent that for these two enzymes, the selection of the side of NADH
      from which hydride is transferred to substrate cannot in both cases be dictated
      by the "best fit" of substrate and cofactor.

PMID- 177289
TI  - Adriamycin in Wilms's tumor previously treated with chemotherapy.

PMID- 177290
TI  - Hepatomas in GRS/A male mice treated with horse serum or horse anti-mouse
      antilymphocyte serum.

PMID- 177291
TI  - On the mode of decrease of leukemic cells during treatment of acute leukemia.

PMID- 177292
TI  - Urinary excretion of adenosine 3'5' monophosphate in vitamin D deficiency.
AB  - Urinary cyclic adenosine 3'5' monophosphate (AMP) excretion has been determined
      by radioimmunoassay in children with rickets and in control children. Cyclic AMP
      was greatly increased in children with rickets. The excretion of cyclic AMP
      correlated significantly with parathyroid hormone levels (PTH) and alkaline
      phosphatase, but not with age, calcaemia and serum inorganic phosphate. Calcium
      infusion led to a decrease in the excretion of cyclic AMP. The data are
      consistent with following hypothesis. During vitamin D deficiency, high PTH
      levels can increase the renal excretion of cyclic AMP. The effects of PTH on bone
      resorption fail to maintain the levels of serum calcium due to the lack of
      vitamin D. The mechanism by which the secondary hyperparathyroidism develops
      during vitamin D deficiency remains to be investigated.

PMID- 177294
TI  - The metabolism of low density lipoprotein in endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia.
AB  - The metabolism of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was studied in eighteen
      hypertriglyceridaemic patients by injecting autologous radioiodinated LDL. Over
      95% of the label was bound to the protein moiety of LDL and therefore the
      metabolic data reflect the fate and distribution of LDL apoprotein (apo B). The
      hypertriglyceridaemic subjects included ten with Type V, five with Type IV, two
      with Type III and one with Type IIb hyperlipoproteinaemia. For comparison
      identical studies were carried out in seven normal subjects and five patients
      with heterozygous familial hyperbetalipoproteinaemia (Type IIa). The groups
      differed considerably in mean LDL-cholesterol concentration. The patients with
      Type V lipoprotein pattern had significantly lower LDL-cholesterol concentration
      (mean 0.754 g/1) than the normal group (mean 1.237 g/1). Raised LDL-cholesterol
      levels were observed in all patients with heterozygous familial
      hyperbetalipoproteinaemia. The synthetic rate of LDL-apoprotein was found to be
      similar in all three groups (hypertriglyceridaemic, normal and
      hypercholesterolaemic). The highest synthetic rate was observed in the patient
      with Type IIb pattern. However, the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of LDL
      apoprotein differed significantly. The highest mean FCR was found in the Type V
      group (0.65 +/- 0.17 day-1) compared with 0.41 +/- 0.09 day-1 in the normal group
      and 0.185 +/- 0.05 day-1 in the Type IIa group. A strong inverse correlation was
      found between FCR and LDL apoprotein concentration in the whole series (r = 
      0.90, p less than 0.001) as well as within the Type V group (r = -0.87, p less
      than 0.01). These data indicate that the low plasma levels of LDL frequently
      observed in patients with very high plasma triglyceride levels are due to a high
      removal rate of LDL in these patients rather than to abnormal LDL synthesis.

PMID- 177293
TI  - Effects of dopamine on kidney function and on the adenyl cyclase
      phosphodiesterase system in man.
AB  - Clearance studies were made to determine the influence of intravenous infusions
      of dopamine (between 2.5 and 3.5 mug.kg.-1min.-1) on renal function and on the
      adenyl cyclase phosphodiesterase system in eleven patients with chronic renal
      disease. Glomerular filtration rate (+ 19%), effective renal plasma flow )+ 29%),
      sodium (+ 199%) and potassium (+ 40%) clearances were significantly increased.
      These effects were associated with a stimulation of the adenyl cyclase
      phosphodiesterase system demonstrated by an increase of cyclic adenosine 3'5'
      monophosphate in plasma and urine. The results suggest that dopamine probably
      affects renal function by activating the adenyl cyclase phosphodiesterase system.

PMID- 177296
TI  - Metabolism of very low density lipoproteins in hyperlipidaemia: studies of
      apolipoprotein B kinetics in man.
AB  - The metabolism of very low density lipoprotein-B (VLDL-B) peptide was studied in
      nineteen subjects with endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia (Types V, IV and IIb),
      three patients with heterozygous familial hyperbetalipoproteinaemia (Type IIa)
      and eight healthy subjects, by reinjecting autologous radioiodinated VLDL. The
      kinetics of VLDL-B peptide were followed. The mean turnover rate of VLDL-B
      peptide was significantly higher in the hypertriglyceridaemic group than in the
      control group but a considerable overlap in turnover rate was found between these
      groups. The patients with heterozygous familial hyperbetalipoproteinaemia had a
      normal turnover rate of VLDL-B peptide. A significant positive correlation was
      found between the turnover rate of VLDL-B peptide and VLDL-triglyceride
      concentration in the whole series. It is concluded that the underlying defect in
      endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia is heterogeneous. Overproduction of VLDL is a
      major determining factor in some patients whereas a reduced clearance is the
      determining factor in others.

PMID- 177295
TI  - Lipids and lipoproteins in chronic uraemia. A study of the influence of regular
      haemodialysis.
AB  - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in a group of chronic uraemia
      patients some of whom were maintained by regular haemodialysis. Compared with
      healthy individuals, there was a significant increase in plasma triglycerides and
      in the prebeta-1- and prebeta-2-lipoprotein plasma concentrations. There was no
      difference between dialyzed and undialyzed patients. Carbohydrate intake was
      normal, basal plasma insulin and free fatty acid levels were within the normal
      range. There was no correlation between plasma triglyceride levels and the degree
      of hypoalbuminaemia, the latter being marked in 30% of the patient. Basal plasma
      glucagon levels were very high in nearly all dialyzed patients and post-heparin
      lipoprotein-lipase activity was very low in dialyzed patients. In our experience,
      regular haemodialysis for 32 weeks did not improve hypertriglyceridaemia.

PMID- 177297
TI  - Central dopaminergic neurons: effects of alterations in impulse flow on the
      accumulation of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid.
AB  - Stimulation of the nigro-neostriatal or mesolimbic dopamine pathway results in a
      stimulus dependent increase in the accumulation of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
      (DOPAC) in the neostriatum and olfactory tubercles, respectively. A block of
      impulse flow induced pharamacologically by administration of gamma-butyrolactone
      or by placement of a lesion in the dopamine pathway results in a decrease in the
      steady state levels of DOPAC. Drugs which have previously been shown to alter
      impulse flow in central dopaminergic neurons also produce a predictable change in
      the brain levels of DOPAC. Drugs which increase impulse flow in nigro-neostriatal
      or mesolimbic dopamine neurons increase DOPAC levels in the striatum and
      olfactory tubercles and drugs which reduce impulse flow cause a reduction in
      DOPAC. Pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, causes a rapid depletion of
      striatal DOPAC suggesting that this metabolite is rapidly cleared from the brain.
      Administration of benztropine, a potent inhibitor of dopamine reuptake, causes a
      significant decrease in striatal DOPAC and partially prevents the stimulus
      induced increase in the accumulation of DOPAC. These observations together with
      the finding that about 85% of the DOPAC in the striatum disappears when the
      dopamine neurons in the nigro-neostriatal pathway are destroyed suggests that the
      majority of striatal DOPAC is formed within the dopaminergic neurons and may
      reflect the metabolism of dopamine which has been released and recaptured. We
      conclude that short-term changes in brain levels of DOPAC appear to provide a
      useful index of alterations in the functional activity of central dopaminergic
      neurons.

PMID- 177298
TI  - Automatic registration of behaviour related to dopamine and noradrenaline
      transmission.
AB  - In a search for behavioural tests where certain behaviours related to dopamine
      and noradrenaline transmission can be recorded automatically we have developed
      and tested an automatic version of the hole board. The test measures two
      behaviour variables: the open field variable defined as the number of
      interruptions of photocell beams symmetrically covering an open field area and
      the 'hole' variable, defined as the number of head-dips into holes recorded by
      photocell beams positioned underneath the floor of the cage. The method was
      evaluated by observations of the rats concomitant with the automatic
      registrations. The animals were tested on dopamine agonistic drugs, which were
      found to decrease the 'hole' counts and cause an increase in the open field
      counts as compared to saline injected controls. d-Amphetamine which is known to
      increase the release of dopamine as well as of noradrenaline caused an increase
      in both the open field counts and the 'hole' counts. The increase in 'hole'
      counts caused by d-amphetamine was reduced when the animals were pretreated with
      a dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor (FLA 63) or a noradrenaline receptor
      blocker (phenoxybenzamine). These results suggests that the increase in the
      'hole' variable was related to an increased noradrenaline transmission while the
      increase in the open field variable was related to an increased dopamine
      transmission. The lowest dose of apomorphine caused a behavioural inhibition
      which may be explained by a preferential stimulation of dopamine autoreceptors.

PMID- 177300
TI  - Effects of derivatives of cyclic amp and cyclic gmp on contraction force of cat
      papillary muscles.
AB  - Right ventricular kitten papillary muscles were incubated with dibutyryl
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (dbcAMP) at varying concentrations as low as 1 X
      10(-4)M. A positive inotropic effect was observed with all concentrations of
      dbcAMP. Concomitant administration of 5 X 10(-4)M monobutyryl guanosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (mbcGMP) and 1-2 X 10(-4)M dbcAMP prevented the inotropic response
      observed when dbcAMP was used alone. When higher doses of dbcAMP were used (5 X
      10(-4) M, 10 X 10(-4) M), there was no significant difference in the inotropic
      response seen between control tissues and papillary muscles pretreated with
      mbcGMP.

PMID- 177301
TI  - Difference in antibody induced redistribution of membrane IgM in EBV geonome free
      and EBV positive human lymphoid cells.

PMID- 177299
TI  - An analysis of the mode of action of carbachol on the chick biventer cervicis
      nerve--muscle preparation.
AB  - The mechanism of contracture evoked by carbachol in the isolated chick biventer
      cervicis nerve--muscle preparation was studied. At concentrations lower than 11
      muM, carbachol progressively induced contracture at a rate much slower than did
      acetylcholine. A spontaneous increase of the response to carbachol, but not to
      acetylcholine, was observed 2-4 hr after isolation of the muscle. By contrast, no
      change of the response occurred in the denervated muscle. Anticholinesterase
      treatment shifted the dose-response  curve for carbachol markedly to the left as
      far as the contracture attained after 4-6 min incubation was concerned. The shift
      was much less marked for the dose-response curve plotted against the initial rate
      of response defined as the contracture obtained after 1 min incubation. No
      enhancement of response was detected by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the
      denervated muscle. beta-Bungarotoxin which blocked neuromuscular transmission
      within 30 min, caused a transient enhancement of the response to carbachol. After
      2-3 hr treatment, however, the spontaneous increase of response to carbachol was
      counteracted by the toxin. No potentiation of the response by anticholinesterase
      agents was observed after toxin treatment. When added in the presence of
      physostigmine or echothiophate, beta-bungarotoxin reduced the response to
      carbachol to the control level in 2 hr. The response to carbachol in the muscle
      treated with alpha-bungarotoxin and washed subsequently was also not potentiated
      by anticholinesterase treatment. Repetitive nerve stimulation in the presence of
      hemicholinium-3 caused a neuromuscular blockade but did not appreciably
      antagonize the response to carbachol more than that to acetylcholine either in
      the absence or presence of physotigmine. When calcium ion in the medium was
      decreased from 2.7 to 0.54 mM, ther response to nerve stimulation was nearly
      completely inhibited, but the response to carbachol was not affected and could
      still be potentiated by anticholinesterase. It is concluded that carbachol has
      both direct and indirect effects on the chick biventer cervicis muscle. At a low
      concentration, particularly in the presence of an anticholinesterase and if
      sufficient time of incubation is allowed, the indirect effect caused by release
      of acetylcholine may become more prominent than the direct action on the post
      synaptic receptor. Both the mechanism and the store of acetylcholine for this
      indirect action appear to be different from those for the nerve impulse.

PMID- 177302
TI  - Reversible arrest of Chinese hamster V79 cells in G2 by dibutytyl AMP.

PMID- 177303
TI  - The relationship between the growth characteristics of somatic cell hybrids and
      their level of camp and activities of adenylate cyclase and camp
      phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 177304
TI  - The human tongue during sleep: electromyographic activity of the genioglossus
      muscle.

PMID- 177305
TI  - Cerebellar control of activity of the feline oculomotor system during paradoxical
      sleep.

PMID- 177306
TI  - The retina and central projections of heterochromic rats.

PMID- 177307
TI  - The effect of substrates on the association equilibrium of mammalian D
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 177308
TI  - Stimulation by LH of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity in bovine
      corpus luteum slices.

PMID- 177309
TI  - Abnormal low density plasma lipoproteins occurring in dogs with obstructive
      jaundice.

PMID- 177310
TI  - The pattern of iron--sulfur centers in brown adipose tissue mitochondria:
      preponderance of ETF dehydrogenase and invariance with the thermogenic state.

PMID- 177311
TI  - Interfacial regulation: influence of lipid polar group conformation on lipid
      activation of C55-isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase apoprotein.

PMID- 177312
TI  - Production and detection of antibodies against the estrogen receptor from calf
      uterine cytosol.

PMID- 177313
TI  - Angiotensin-converting enzyme: effect of antienzyme antibody in vivo.

PMID- 177314
TI  - Immunological similarity of the NADH-cytochrome c electron transport system in
      microsomes, Golgi complex and mitochondrial outer membrane of rat liver cells.

PMID- 177315
TI  - Inhibition of normal and transformed fibroblast aggregation by skeletal muscle
      factin.

PMID- 177316
TI  - Spin labelled sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles: Ca2+-induced spectral changes.

PMID- 177317
TI  - Model for skeletal resistance to vitamin D in renal failure.
AB  - Chronic renal disease in man and animals is associated with disturbances in
      calcium homeostasis which are resistant to vitamin D-therapy. Partially
      nephrectomized and intact rats were used to evaluate the effect of uremia on the
      response of bone to vitamin D. Serum calcium, serum phosphorus and blood urea
      nitrogen levels were higher in uremic rats than in intact rats, both given
      vitamin D. Metaphyseal bone in uremic rats was resistant to vitamin D-induced
      bone resorption; osteoblasts and osteocytes appeared less active
      ultrastructurally and osteoclass were infrequent. Calcitonin synthesis and
      release evaluated electron microscopically was greater in uremic rats. It is
      suggested that the altered response of bone to vitamin D in uremic rats was due
      in part to elevated serum phosphorus and increased calcitonin release. The
      present model does not refute experimental and clinical data that metabolism of
      vitamin D is altered in renal disease. It does, however, emphasize that in
      chronic renal failure other parameters (phosphorus levels, calcitonin release,
      uremia) are operating which may influence end organ response to pharmacologic
      doses of vitamin D. The partially nephrectomized rat may be a useful model for
      evaluating end-organ resistance to vitamin D in uremia.

PMID- 177318
TI  - Potassium, neuroglia, and oxidative metabolism in central gray matter.
AB  - Reviewed is the author's investigation of potassium in extracellular fluid of
      cerebral neocortex and spinal cord determined with ion-selective microelectrodes,
      and of oxidative metabolism monitored by fluorometric determination of
      intramitochondrial NADH in intact cortex. When gray matter is excited by afferent
      input, or by direct electrical stimulation, the logarithm of the rise of
      extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]0), the sustained shift of electrical
      potential, and the response of oxidative metabolism are linearly correlated.
      However, during seizures and during spreading depression, the correlation is
      broken, suggesting that the demand for oxidative energy exceeds that
      corresponding to the elevation of [K+]0. There exists a critical concentration of
      [K+]0 at which spreading depression inevitably erupts (12 mM for cat cerveau
      isole), but no such critical level could be detected for seizures. The rate of
      clearance of excess potassium from extracellular fluid is slower for high
      concentrations than for low; this rate is further slowed by the administration of
      phenobarbital, and possibly also of diphenylhydantoin. Changes of membrane
      potential of glia cells in the mammalian spinal cord can adequately be described
      by the Nernst equation.

PMID- 177319
TI  - Response to ACTH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP by enucleated adrenocortical tumor
      cells.
AB  - Y-1-L cells, a subline of the Y-1 functional murine adrenocortical tumor cell
      line, were enucleated with cytochalasin B and the response of these enucleated
      cells to ACTH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) was examined. Enucleated Y-1-L
      cells maintained a basal steroid output for at least 24 h and responded to either
      ACTH (10 mU/ml) or dbcAMP (1 mM) by a change from flat to rounded cell shape, and
      by increased steroidogenesis. The steroidogenic response of enucleated cells
      during the first 3 h after enucleation was highly significant and, though it
      decreased rapidly thereafter, it persisted to a limited degree for up to 12 h. On
      the other hand, the morphologic change could be induced even at 33 h after
      enucleation. The results of this study show that the nucleus is not required for
      the expression of the acute effects of ACTH or dbcAMP and that the cytoplasmic
      components necessary for cell 'rounding' and a steroidogenic response are stable
      for 36 h and 12 h, respectively.

PMID- 177320
TI  - Further characterization of the androgen receptor in rat testis.
AB  - Immature rat testes contain a specific binding protein for testosterone (T) and
      5alpha-dihyrotestosterone (DHT) with physico-chemical properties similar to the
      cytoplasmic androgen receptors in the epididymis and ventral prostate but
      different from the testicular androgen-binding protein (ABP). Like the androgen
      receptors in the prostate and epididymis, it has a sedimentation coefficient of
      about 7 S at low ionic strength, is eluted in or close to the void volume on
      Sephadex G-200 gel filtration (Stokes radius greater than 80 A), has an
      isoelectric point of about 5.6-6.0 (mean) 5.8 and a relative mobility (Rf) of 0.4
      in 3.25% acrylamide gels. Following the injection of 3H-labeled testosterone, T
      and DHT are bound selectively by the receptor. Relatively more [3H]T than [3H]DHT
      is present in bound and free fractions as well as in total testicular 105,000 g
      supernatant. Similar results are obtained from testicular incubations with
      equimolar amounts of [3H]T and [3H]DHT at 0 degrees C in vitro. Saturation of
      receptor sites is achieved by incubation of testis supernatants with increasing
      amounts of [3H]T at 0 degrees C. The number of available binding sites following
      post-hypophysectomy regression is estimated to be about 9 fmoles/mg protein, and
      the apparent equilibrium constant of dissociation is 7 X 10(-10) M. The
      temperature stability and sulfhydryl dependence of the testicular androgen
      receptor are similar to androgen receptors in other organs. Binding is destroyed
      by heating the supernatants at 50 degrees C for 30 min and by exposure to p
      chloromercuriphenylsulfonate (1 mM) at 0 degrees C for 60 min. Furthermore, like
      other androgen receptors, the half-time of dissociation of testicular androgen
      receptor complexes at 0 degrees C is extremely slow (t1/2 greater than 35 h).
      Separation of seminiferous tubules from interstitial tissue showed that a major
      portion of these receptors were localized within the seminiferous tubules.

PMID- 177321
TI  - Steroidogenesis and extracellular cAMP accumulation in adrenal tumor cell
      cultures.
AB  - ACTH stimulated steroidogenesis and cAMP (adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate)
      accumulation in an adrenocortical mouse tumor cell line (clone Y1) with Kd values
      which differed by more than one order of magnitude (5.2 X 10(-11) M and 7 X 10(
      10) M, respectively). All of the cAMP formed in response to added ACTH appeared
      extracellularly in 5- or 30-min incubations. ACTH, at 5 and 10 muU/ml, stimulated
      steroidogenesis to 25% and 40% of maximum activity; and increased the
      extracellular accumulation of cAMP 1.4-fold and 2.3-fold, respectively. The
      effects of ACTH appeared to be via an action on intracellular ATP, specific for
      cAMP and dependent on an ACTH-sensitive adenylate cyclase system. These
      observations indicate that ACTH increases cAMP accumulation in Y1 cells at
      virtually all steroidogenic concentrations and suggest that cAMP is an essential
      component of ACTH-stimulated steroidogenesis.

PMID- 177322
TI  - Ontogenic development of antidiuretic hormone receptors in rat kidney: comparison
      of hormonal binding and adenylate cyclase activation.
AB  - The development of adenylate cyclase responsiveness to vasopressin and
      parathyroid hormone was studied using membrane fractions prepared from medullo
      papillary and cortical portions of kidneys of 2-46-day-old rats. The development
      of vasopressin binding capacity was followed on the same preparations, using
      [3H]vasopressin. The characteristics of medullo-papillary adenylate cyclase
      response to vasopressin were identical in young and adult control animals as
      regards apparent Km values for [Lys8]vasopressin (3 X 10(-8) M), specificity
      towards the natural neurohypophysial peptides and the effects of Mg2+. However,
      the magnitude of maximal enzyme activation by vasopressin was much lower in very
      young than adult animals. Accordingly vasopressin responsiveness increased
      sharply between the 10th and 25th days but the magnitude of the maximal response
      only reached the adult value between the 30th and 45th days after birth. During
      both periods basal adenylate cyclase activity was almost independent of age.
      Specific vasopressin binding sites were detected on kidney medullo-papillary
      membranes from young animals. Vasopressin binding capacity and adenylate cyclase
      responsiveness to the hormone followed similar development patterns. However, the
      appearance of specific binding sites slightly preceded the onset of adenylate
      cyclase responsiveness. Basal cortical adenylate cyclase activity/mg protein was
      12 times higher in 2-day-old rats than in the adult controls. It dropped with age
      but only fell to the adult value between the 25th and the 35th days after birth.
      For the youngest animals tested (2 days old), the increase in activity due to
      parathyroid hormone was about half the increase measured in adults, and gradually
      rose to about 75% of the adult response between the 2nd and 46th days after
      birth. Apparent Km values for parathyroid hormone were identical in young and
      adult animals (3.2 and 3.0 U/ml, respectively).

PMID- 177323
TI  - [Cachexia in mice induced by a fraction of Brucella melitensis. Modification by
      levamisole or by diethyldithiocarbamate of soda].
AB  - The PMF fraction of B. melitensis creates a wasting disease in newborn mice (J.
      infect. Dis., 1973, 127, p. 139). Administered to adult mice, PMF induces a 4 to
      8 g loss of weight in 20 g mice and more markedly in males than in females.
      Treatment with Levamisole (LMS) suppresses this difference in response to PMF and
      restores normal weight in 24 days. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), another
      immunostimulant sulfur derivate, abolishes the emaciating effect of PMF.
      Furthermore, DDC is an anabolizing agent which increases the weight of normal or
      PMF-treacted mice above the mean level of normal untreated control mice.

PMID- 177324
TI  - [Epidemiology of human and animal brucellosis in western Africa. The results of
      six studies in the Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, and Nigeria].
AB  - Brucellosis has a two-fold importance in public health: the transmission of the
      disease to man by contact with animals or ingestion of raw milk is of direct
      importance; of indirect importance is the loss of animal protein. The authors
      have carried out ten epidemiological investigations in different bio-climatic
      zones of West Africa. More than 120 villages were evaluated. In each village, 100
      persons were chosen at random and all or part of the animal population was also
      studied. Three tests were used for man: the melitin intradermal reaction, the
      sero-agglutination test of Wright and the complement fixation test. Three tests
      were used for the animals, the "ring-test" and the same serologic tests used for
      humans. The results indicated that brucellosis in animals exists in all regions
      but with varying rates. The bovine species seems to be the most contaminated. The
      enzooty becomes more widespread towards the South. Human brucellosis was not
      found to be of great importance in the regions mainly populated by farmers.
      Shepherds and their families in these zones, however, were found to have been
      infected. The highest percentage of infected humans was found in the sahelian
      zone (in Dori 30% of the intradermal reactions and 10% of serologies were
      positive for humans) in spite of a rather low infection rate among animals (6%-8%
      ring-tests positive among cattle). The majority of the population are shepherds
      and close cohabitation with animals is common. A basic dietary constituent is
      milk, which is often consumed raw (variable according to ethnic group), and
      provides the principal source of animal protein. Adults were found to have a
      significantly higher intradermal reaction rate in most of the regions studied.
      The positivity rate was higher in men than in women. In non-pastoral areas the
      shepherds and their families had a singificantly higher positivity rate than the
      general population. Ethnic differences were found. Also considered in this paper
      are intradermal reaction sizes, the relation between intradermal and serologic
      results, the modes of human transmission of the disease, and the relationship
      between human and animal forms of brucellosis.

PMID- 177325
TI  - Changes in adenylate energy charge of the liver after an oral glucose load.
AB  - Changes in the adenine nucleotide metabolism after an oral glucose load were
      studied in the liver of normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. Changes in the energy
      charge were positively correlated with those in the blood glucose and plasma
      immunoreactive insulin levels. One hour after an oral glucose load when the
      plasma immunoreactive insulin levels increased maximally, the energy charge
      increased maximally from 0.846 to 0.867 (P less than 0.001). The increase in the
      energy charge was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the ADP levels (P less
      than 0.05). The respiratory control ration, state 3 respiration per unit of
      cytochrome a (+a3), and DNP-induced ATPase activity per unit of cytochrome a
      (+a3) increased significantly. The adenylate kinase and pyruvate kinase
      activities in the liver remained unchanged. On the other hand, the energy charge
      in the liver of alloxan-diabetic rats did not increase significantly after an
      oral glucose load. It was suggested that an increase in the energy charge of the
      liver is attributable to the more rapid flux of intermediary metabolism in the
      enhanced ADP-phosphorylating reactions by mitochondria, owing to an elevated
      level of insulin available to the hepatic cells.

PMID- 177327
TI  - [Duodenal amebiasis].
AB  - Entamoeba histolytica was found in duodenal content obtained through fiberoptic
      gastroduodenoscopy in 13 patients. Clinical, radiological and endoscopic findings
      are analized. The possibility of an amoebic duodenitis is proposed.

PMID- 177326
TI  - Re-evaluation of the role of cyclic AMP in histamine-induced gastric acid
      secretion.
AB  - The 600 x g particulate fraction of gastric mucosal scrapings from rats was
      incubated with 3H-metiamide which saturated available binding sites at a
      concentration of 1 muM. Scatchard plots showed a single component with a Kd value
      of 0.2 muM. Unlabelled cimetidine and histamine competed with 3H-metiamide
      binding. The 600 x g particulate fraction also contained all of the hormone and
      sodium fluoride sensitive adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase activity was not
      altered by histamine, pentagastrin or carbachol but was increased during
      incubation with prostaglandin E1, secretin and epinephrine. These findings do not
      support the hypthesis that gastric secretion is mediated by intracellular
      accumulation of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 177329
TI  - Purification and properties of an avian prolactin.

PMID- 177328
TI  - Formation of corticosteroids in vitro by interrenal tissue from the teleost fish,
      Coregonus clupeoides.

PMID- 177330
TI  - Hormonal control of glucose production by Amphiuma means liver in organ culture.

PMID- 177331
TI  - "Big" and "small" ACTH in the partes distalis and intermedia of rats and toads.

PMID- 177332
TI  - Inhibition of growth by amber suppressors in yeast.
AB  - Strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contain highly efficient amber
      (UAG) suppressors grow poorly on nutrient medium, while normal or nearly normal
      growth rates are observed when these strains lose the supressors or when the
      suppressors are mutated to lower efficiencies. The different growth rates account
      for the accumulation of mutants with lowered efficiencies in cultures of strains
      with highly efficient amber suppressors. Genetic analyses indicate that one of
      the mutations with a lowered efficiency of suppression is caused by an intragenic
      mutation of the amber supressor. The inhibition of growth caused by excessive
      suppression is expected to be exacerbated when appropriate suppressors are
      combined together in haploid cells if two suppressors act with a greater
      efficiency than a single suppressor. Such retardation of growth is observed with
      combinations of two UAA (ochre) suppressors (Gilmore 1967) and with combinations
      of two UAG suppressors when the efficiencies of each of the suppressors are
      within a critical range. In contrast, combinations of a UAA suppressor and a UAG
      suppressor do not affect growth rate. Apparently while either excessive UAA or
      excessive UAG suppression is deleterious to yeast, a moderate level of
      simultaneous UAA and UAG suppression is not.

PMID- 177334
TI  - Institutional dependence is reversible.
AB  - A project is described whereby in 12 months, 105 long-stay psychiatric patients
      were able to be discharged to the homes of private individuals to become members
      of a 'family', to whom they were not related. The task necessitated a change in
      attitudes of the whole hospital staff--as resistance to change was encountered in
      staff at all levels. A consultant psychiatrist and a social worker interviewed
      all the long-stay patients in the wards and with the charge nurse decided whether
      they could live outside the hospital given an appropriate environment. In
      achieving success it was calculated that the time spent on interviews, assessing
      placements, discussing after-care and being available to answer the many
      enquiries from all concerned, amounted to 1 1/2 weeks work for each patient.
      However, this must be considered in relation to the hours spent by professional
      and other hospital staff over the years spent as an inpatient.

PMID- 177333
TI  - Isolation and characterization of amber suppressors in yeast.
AB  - Nonsense suppressors were obtained in a haploid yeast strain containing eight
      nutritional mutations, that are assumed to be amber or ochre, and the cyc1-179
      amber mutation that has a UAG codon corresponding to position 9 in iso-1
      cytochrome c. Previous studies established that the biosynthesis and function of
      iso-1-cytochrome c is compatible with replacements at position 9 of amino acids
      having widely different structures (Stewart and Sherman 1972). UV-induced
      revertants, selected on media requiring the reversion of one or two of the amber
      nutritional markers, were presumed to contain a suppressor if there was the
      unselected reversion of at least one other marker. The 1088 suppressors that were
      isolated could be divided into 78 phenotypic classes. Only 43 suppressors of
      three classes caused the production of more than 50% of the normal amount of iso
      1-cytochrome c in the cyc1-179 strain. Genetic analyses indicated that all of
      these highly efficient amber suppressors are allelic to one or another of the
      eight suppressors which cause the insertion of tyrosine at ochre (UAA) codons
      (Gilmore, Stewart and Sherman 1971). Furthermore, only tyrosine has been
      identified at position 9 in iso-1-cytochrome c in cyc1-179 strains suppressed
      with these efficient amber suppressors.

PMID- 177335
TI  - [Lipids in pregnant patients with severe course of gestosis treated with
      xanthinol nicotinate and bufenin hydrochloride].

PMID- 177337
TI  - The role of serum nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA) in compensatory
      renal growth.
AB  - The nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA) of serum is defined as the
      insulin-like activity measured in insulin bioassays that is not suppressed by
      addition of insulin antiserum. The major part of serum NSILA is attributable to a
      90,000 mol wt trace protein which has been recently purified. This study was
      designed to evaluate the role of serum NSILA in compensatory renal growth (CRG).

PMID- 177336
TI  - Effects of a cold environment on energy-related enzyme activities in the
      postnatal rat.
AB  - Liver glucose-6-phosphatase and lipase-esterase, liver and muscle glycogen
      phosphorylase, and brown fat lipase-esterase activity changes were studied during
      the postnatal development of rats born and growing up in temperatures of +5 and
      20 degrees C. Liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity was highest at the age of 4
      days in both environments. In the age groups 20-67 days glucose-6-phosphatase
      activity was higher in animals living in a cold environment than in those reared
      at room temperature. At birth, glycogen phosphorylase activity was high in the
      liver but very low in the muscle. No difference was found between the two
      temperatures. The lipase-esterase activity in the liver was very low at birth,
      rising to adult level by the age of 30 days, while in the brown fat the activity
      was already high at the time of birth and clearly higher in rats born in a cold
      environment than in those born at room temperature. At the time of birth the
      relative and absolute weight of brown fat were also clearly higher in rats born
      at +5 degrees C than in those born +20 degrees C.

PMID- 177338
TI  - Mitochondria and respiratory and hydrolytic enzymes in the cells of the olfactory
      epithelium in the pike.

PMID- 177339
TI  - [Pre-operative embolisation of vascular tumours in the head (author's transl)].
AB  - Trans-vascular, pre-operative embolisation in order to reduce blood flow was
      carried out with excellent results in a patient with a naso-pharyngeal fibroma,
      and with relatively good results in a patient with a pterion meningioma. This
      technique can be carried out following the diagnostic angiogram through the same
      catheter; it reduces operative blood loss, improves haemostasis and the surgeon's
      view of the operative field. The method can be used simply and without risk in
      any case where the tumour blood supply is derived exclusively or predominantly
      from branches of external carotid artery.

PMID- 177340
TI  - [The angiographic diagnosis of trophoblastic tumours (author's transl)].
AB  - Pelvic angiograms were performed on ten patients with trophoblastic tumours.
      Together with a history and HCG determinations the diagnosis can be made with
      certainty. It is not possible to differentiate between invasive moles and chorion
      carcinomas. The results of chemotherapy can be clearly evaluated. A normal pelvic
      angiogram does not exclude a trophoblastic tumour with complete certainty, since
      this can be localised to other organs. It has the advantage over curettage of
      being able to show very small tumours, as well as tumours not situated in the
      uterine cavity.

PMID- 177341
TI  - [Management of metastasizing breast cancer].

PMID- 177342
TI  - [Mental disorders caused by organic illness. The symptomatic psychoses.
      Conclusion].
AB  - Especially in times when psychodynamic points of view in psychiatry seem the main
      focus of attention, one must not forget the primary somatic basis of many psychic
      disturbances. If such cases are not promptly diagnosed, there is a danger that
      appropriate therapy will be neglected. Since every imaginable type of psychic
      symptomatology can at times be organically caused, the organic point of view
      still is of immense practical value. In addition, this latter aspect is of great
      theoretical importance, because it illuminates the dynamic process not only of
      the symptomatic psychoses but also of the so-called endogenous psychoses. After a
      short review of alterations of consciousness as well as the presentation of a
      detailled case report, psychic disturbances, which at first glance appear not to
      be organically determined, are described and discussed.

PMID- 177343
TI  - [The morphology and some properties of tubular structures found in cells infected
      with herpes simplex virus type 2 (author's transl)].

PMID- 177344
TI  - Oat-cell carcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 177345
TI  - Evaluation of the antilipolytic action of clomiphene in vitro.
AB  - Clomiphene (10(-3) - 10(-2) M) in a dose-dependent manner inhibited the lypolytic
      response of isolated rat epididymal adipose tissue and fat cells to epinephrine,
      ACTH, and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP. Furthermore, it reduced the non-hormonally
      stimulated activity of a crude preparation of lipase from epididymal adipose
      tissue. The accumulation of cyclic AMP produced by epinephrine in fat cells was
      not prevented by clomiphene at a concentration causing antilipolytic activity. It
      is concluded from these results that clomiphene unlike most other antilipolytic
      drugs exerts its antilipolytic effect by an inhibition of the lipase rather than
      by inhibition of adenylcyclase.

PMID- 177346
TI  - Metabolic control of phosphorylase conversion in muscle. Effect of fasting and
      refeeding on the response of rat diaphragm glycogen phosphorylase, cyclic AMP
      Dependent protein kinase, and phosphorylase b kinase to adrenergic stimulation.
AB  - The influence of fasting and refeeding on the response to adrenergic stimulation
      of several enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism has been investigated in the
      isolated, intact rat diaphragm. The in vitro response of the phosphorylase system
      to terbutaline was found to decrease markedly following fasting. A pronounced
      increase in this response was seen upon refeeding. This increased responsiveness
      was normalized by incubation of isolated tissues with palmitate (1.5 mM). Plasma
      free fatty acid concentration was increased in fasted rats compared to the value
      found in refed animals. The effect of terbutaline on cyclic AMP concentration and
      protein kinase activity was not significantly influenced by fasting and refeeding
      while fasting decreased the effect of terbutaline upon phosphorylase b kinase.
      Diaphragm glycogen levels were reduced by more than 50% in rats fasted for 24
      hours and were significantly increased upon refeeding compared to fed rats. The
      results indicate that the nutritional state can modulate the sensitivity of the
      interconverting system for phosphorylase. It is suggested that this modulation
      might depend upon fatty acid metabolism.

PMID- 177347
TI  - Effect of salmon calcitonin on renal excretion of adenosine 3', 5' monophosphate
      in man.
AB  - Intravenous infusion of salmon calcitonin in six healthy subjects produced an
      increase in the plasma levels and urinary excretion of cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP
      clearance diminished but remained higher than inulin clearance. Salmon calcitonin
      was also infused in six hypertensive patients with normal glomerular filtration
      rate. Arterial and renal venous plasma concentration of cyclic AMP were clearly
      raised. The difference between both these concentrations was not significant in
      the control periods but became marked during the treatment and post treatment
      periods demonstrating a net extraction of cyclic AMP from plasma by the kidneys.
      Renal extraction of cyclic AMP was lower than its urinary excretion in the
      control periods whereas it was clearly higher after salmon calcitonin was given.
      This shows that salmon calcitonin stimulates the production of cyclic AMP in
      extra-renal tissues and that the excess of cyclic AMP formed is catabolized by
      the kidneys.

PMID- 177348
TI  - Hyaluronidase-induced inhibition of the insulinotropic action of sulfonylureas,
      leucine, and glucagon in rodent isolated pancreatic islets.
AB  - Exposure of hamster pancreatic islets to hyaluronidase during isolation by means
      of collagenase inhibits the insulinotropic action of several chemically different
      sulfonylureas, leucine, and glucagon without affecting glucose-stimulated insulin
      secretion. This inhibition is reversible for tolbutamide and leucine but
      irreversible for glucagon. Hyaluronidase inhibits reversibly the insulinotropic
      action of tolbutamide without affecting that of glucose also in mouse and rat
      isolated pancreatic islets . These findings suggest the existence of functionally
      related pancreatic beta cell receptors for tolbutamide and leucine different from
      those for glucose and glucagon and illustrate the potential usefulness of
      hyaluronidase as an enzymatic probe applicable toward investigating the cellular
      mechanism of action of key insulinotropic agents.

PMID- 177349
TI  - The effects of dogfish MSH's and of corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe
      peptides (CLIP's) on avoidance behavior in rats.

PMID- 177350
TI  - Maximum growth changes in mandibular length, stature and weight.

PMID- 177351
TI  - Luteoma of pregnancy: ultrastructural features.
AB  - The ultrastructural configuration of the cells in one case of pregnancy luteoma
      was studied by conventional electron microscopy. The fine structure of these
      cells conforms closely to that of steroid hormone producing cells in other human
      organs, such as the adrenal cortex, testicular interstitium, and corpus luteum,
      particularly in terms of the presence of abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
      dispersed Golgi apparatus, and tubular cristae in the mitochondria. Similarities
      were noted between the pregnancy luteoma cells and, as described by other
      authors, the luteinized granulosa and theca cells of the human corpus luteum and
      the cells of spontaneous mouse luteoma. There was a more pronounced resemblance
      to the granulosa cells of the corpus lutemum than to the luteinized theca cells
      or the mouse luteoma cells but with considerable overlap among all of them.
      Distinctive features, not previously described, were noted in the pregnancy
      luteoma cells in the form of deep cytoplasmic invaginations of the cell membrane
      closed by tight junctions, and peculiar pleated sinuous membranous arrays within
      the cytoplasm. The significance of these structures is not known. In addition
      mesenchymal cells of ambiguous differentiation were noted in the stroma of the
      tumor, suggesting that the stimulus to luteinized cell proliferation may
      transcend the specific ovarian mesenchymal cells and may also be exerted on the
      supporting stroma. On the basis of previous reports concerning the biochemical
      and biosynthetic patterns of sex steroid hormone production by these tumors, it
      is concluded that although the latter recapitulate the endocrine functions of the
      normal ovarian stroma rather than those of the corpus luteum, the
      cytoarchitecture of these tumors covers a much broader spectrum of
      differentiation, which may come to resemble closely although not exclusively that
      of luteinized granulosa cells.

PMID- 177352
TI  - A test for heterozygocity of 21-hydroxylase deficiency: preliminary report.
AB  - The urinary excretion of steroids was studied in 8 parents of children with
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency of the simple
      virilizing and of the salt-losing type. Eight parents of normal children served
      as controls. 24-hour urines before and after the injection of 40 IU of ACTH were
      fractionated using gas liquid chromatography on glass capillary columns. Before
      stimulation no excretion of pregnanetriolone was detected in heterozygous and in
      normal parents. Following ACTH only heterozygotes showed an excretion of
      pregnanetriolone in the urine. This averaged 289 mug per 24 h. Employing gas
      liquid chromatography on glass capillary columns heterozygous carriers of
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency may reliably be
      detected by their increased urinary excretion of pregnanetriolone following ACTH.

PMID- 177353
TI  - Studies on the properties and tissue distribution of the isozymes of guanylate
      kinase in man.
AB  - The isozyme patterns of guanylate kinase were examined in fetal and adult
      tissues, in cultured cells and also in red cells separated by density gradient
      fractionation. Results from fetal and cultured cells inidcated that there are
      three primary isozymes a, c, and e among the seven isozymes of guanylate kinase
      in man. Serial secondary isozyme production in red cells in vivo showed that
      isozyme a produces b, c produces d, and e produces f and g. The three sets of
      isozymes were found to differ in the following properties: activation/inhibition
      by EDTA; thermostability, and molecular weights. Isoelectric points of several of
      the isozymes were estimated by isoelectric focusing. It was concluded that the
      isozymes of guanylate kinase are determined by three separate gene loci.

PMID- 177354
TI  - A consideration of the role of cell surface macromolecules in the process of
      viral transformation.
AB  - There is extensive physiological evidence implicating the cell surface as the key
      organelle which mediates the cell:cell interactions which underlie both normal
      and neoplastic growth. This information has now been supplemented with
      biochemical and biophysical data which indicates that surface macromolecules, in
      particular the heteroglycans of transformed cells, differ from those which lie at
      the periphery of normal cells. In the case of cells neoplastically transformed by
      most tumour viruses it is clear that the small virus genome (2-5 x 10(6) daltons)
      cannot carry the total genetic information to accomodate these various
      biochemical modifications, if indeed they are encoded in separate genes (1). To
      examine the part played in transformation by cellular genes coding for surface
      heteroglycan formation, we have turned to a study of SV-3T3 cells (ts H6-15)
      which are temperature-sensitive for expression of the transformed cell phenotype
      (2). The data show that cells grown under conditions permissive and non
      permissive for such expression exhibit the same pattern of formation of
      glycolipids, and the majority of the polypeptides of the plasma membrane. There
      are, however, significant differences in the synthesis of some glycopeptides. A
      large molecular weight, trypsin-labile glycopeptide, present at the surface of
      untransformed fibroblasts but barely measurable in some of their virus
      transformed derivatives (3), was detected, essentially at the same level, at the
      surface of ts H6-15 cells grown at the permissive and non-permissive
      temperatures. The signficance of these observations is discussed.

PMID- 177356
TI  - Quantitation of estradiol receptors employing a sensitive radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A method aimed at the identification and quantitation of estradiol receptors has
      been developed. The test is based on competitive binding reaction between
      solubilized cell receptors and anti-estradiol antibodies bound to acrylamide
      beads, for 3H-estradiol. The technique can be employed both for estradiol
      radioimmunoassay and quantitation of specific receptors in tissues and appears to
      be a sensitive, specific and reproducible method which can be applied to the
      evaluation of any hormone and its receptor.

PMID- 177357
TI  - Investigations on the outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in Burdwan district, West
      Bengal. Part II. Serological survey of human population.

PMID- 177358
TI  - A post-epidemic serological survey of humans in Bankura district, West Bengal,
      following the epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in 1973.

PMID- 177359
TI  - Enigma in histological classification of bronchial carcinoma.

PMID- 177360
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus interactions with human lymphocyte subpopulations: virus
      adsorption, kinetics of expression of Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear
      antigen, and lymphocyte transformation.
AB  - In order to further understand Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-lymphocyte interactions,
      we investigated a chain of events including: (i) EBV binding to human lymphocyte
      subpopulations; (ii) the earliest appearance of EBV-determined nuclear antigen
      (EBNA) in the lymphocytes after EBV infection; and (iii) establishment of
      continuous lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) by infecting with EBV different types
      of lymphocyte preparations from the same as well as from different donors. By
      using direct membrane immunofluorescence assay, we found that only a small
      fraction of human peripheral blood and cord blood lymphocytes (CBL), and possibly
      less than 31% of the T cell-depleted lymphocyte population, carry receptors for
      P3HR-1 strain of EBV. The number of cells carrying receptors for EBV did not vary
      considerably among different blood lymphocyte populations from several normal
      donors. EBV adsorption on lymphocyte subpopulations showed that purified thymus
      dependent (T) cells and thymocytes did not adsorb EBV, in contrast to T cell
      depleted lymphocyte populations and lymphoid cells from fetal liver and spleen.
      In CBL infected with EBV strain B95-8, EBNA was detected by anti-complement
      immunofluorescence as early as 18 h after infection. This indicates that EBNA is
      the earliest detectable EBV-determined intracellular antigen to appear after
      infection and before or during lymphocyte transformation by EBV. Transformation
      was observed only in lymphocyte cultures containing detectable thymus-independent
      B cells but not in cultures of purified T cells. With one exception (es-b-1), all
      the EBV-transformed LCL from different origins carried surface-bound
      immunoglobulins (a B cell marker). These included also the 10 LCL obtained by
      infecting cultures of adherent cells from different donors. With regard to its
      surface markers, ES-B-1 appeared to be an exceptional EBV genome-carrying line,
      and it also lacked the ability to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep
      erythrocytes (a T cell marker). Therefore, it is possible that ES-B-1 was derived
      from an atypical B cell or B cell precursor or from a so-called "null cell"
      transformed by EBV.

PMID- 177361
TI  - Naturally occurring antiglobulin factors in virus neutralization: homoreactant as
      a factor enhancing neutralization of the infectious complex of poliovirus with
      the Fab' antibody fragment.
AB  - A factor present in normal rabbit sera enhanced the neutralization of the
      infectious complex of poliovirus with the pepsin Fab' fragment of rabbit
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody but showed no activity for the infectious complex
      of the same virus with IgG antibody. The factor was associated with IgG, and its
      activity was inhibited by the pepsin Fab' fragment of normal rabbit IgG. The data
      suggest that the enhancing factor belongs to naturally occurring antiglobulin to
      the homologous Fab' fragment (pepsin homoreactant).

PMID- 177355
TI  - The lymphocyte plasma membrane: locus of control in the immune response.
AB  - The lymphocyte plasma membrane is the locus of events which control the immune
      response. T and B lymphocytes, which mediate cellular and humoral immunity
      respectively, show distinctive plasma membrane morphologies and cell surface
      receptors. The dynamic state of these plasma components is emphasized by their
      lateral mobility in the fluid plane of the membrane, as well as variation in
      their structure or expression as the lymphocyte proliferates and differentiates
      in response to stimulation by antigen or mitogens. The best understood membrane
      glycoproteins are surface membrane immunoglobulins that serve as antigen
      receptors on B cells, and the histocompatability-beta2 microglobulin complex that
      has an immunoglobulin-like structure. Other less well defined surface structures
      showing modulation during the cell cycle may affect growth regulation of
      proliferating lymphocytes. Some of these are shared by fetal and neoplastic
      cells. Major theories of lymphocyte signaling are discussed, and the early events
      in lymphocyte activation are reviewed. While a complete model encompassing all
      these early events is not yet possible, the central issues can be usefully
      discussed in term of receptor-transducer-effector concepts derived by strong
      parallels from a knowledge of hormone-membrane interactions.

PMID- 177362
TI  - Factors influencing the production of interferon from L cells.
AB  - The production of interferon from Newcastle disease virus-infected mouse L929
      cells was investigated in relation to superinduction procedures, cell density,
      cellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels, and rate of
      incorporation of 14C-labeled protein hydrolysate into trichloroacetic acid
      precipitable material. Densely populated cultures did not have their interferon
      production enhanced through "superinduction" using cycloheximide, actinomycin D,
      or the two antimetabolites in combination. These dense cultures produced more
      interferon per cell than less dense cultures, even though the interferon
      production from the latter cells could be enhanced two- to threefold by
      cycloheximide or combined cycloheximide and actinomycin D. Cells in densely
      populated cultures relative to those from sparsely populated cultures were
      smaller in volume, had a correspondingly reduced protein content and a lower
      concentration of cAMP, and were less able to concentrate 14C-labeled protein
      hydrolysate, although proportionally they were just as efficient in incorporating
      labeled precursors into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable polypeptides.

PMID- 177363
TI  - Interferon-producing capacity of germfree mice.
AB  - The general capacity of germfree mouse spleen cells to produce interferon in
      vitro in response to various stimuli was investigated. The interferon response of
      germfree mouse spleen cells in vitro, when compared with that of the
      conventionals, appears to be lower to some inducers. Interferon production in
      vitro stimulated by hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) or BHK-HVJ cells (BHK
      cells persistently infected with HVJ) was apparently suppressed in germfree mouse
      spleen cells as compared with the corresponding conventionals, whereas no
      difference of interferon production was observed between germfree and
      conventional mouse spleen cells in response to Newcastle disease virus,
      Escherichia coli endotoxin, poly(I:C), and phytohemagglutinin. Although
      monocontamination with HVJ had no enhancing effect on the interferon-producing
      ability of germfree mouse spleen cells in response to HVJ, conventionalization
      for 2 weeks greatly enhanced interferon-producing capacity.

PMID- 177364
TI  - Evidence for a one-hit theory in the immune bactericidal reaction and
      demonstration of a multi-hit response for hemolysis by streptolysin O and
      Clostridium perfringens theta-toxin.
AB  - An analytical method was developed for estimating the number of hits necessary to
      lyse or kill cells in which various concentrations of the cells are treated with
      a constant amount of the lytic or killing agent in a constant reaction volume.
      The reaction may be due to a single-component agent or occur by a sequential
      chain of reactions due to a multi-component agent, even including side, abortive,
      or counter-reactions. It was clearly shown by this method that immune
      bactericidal reactions followed a one-hit theory. It was shown by this method
      that streptolysin O required four or five hits for hemolysis and Clostridium
      perfringens theta-toxin required two hits. These results were confirmed by both
      logarithmic dose-response and survival analyses. It was also shown that
      streptolysin O and theta-toxin can act complementarily on accumulation of the
      hits for hemolysis.

PMID- 177365
TI  - Antigenic characterization of intermediate adenovirus 14-11 strains associated
      with upper respiratory illness in a military camp.
AB  - An unusual variant of adenovirus (AV) 11 was isolated from throat and rectal
      swabs from six persons with upper respiratory illness in a Spanish military camp
      in March 1969. The same strain was serologically related to the upper respiratory
      illness of seven other men among 25 sample cases studied in detail. After strain
      purification, the virus was grouped as an AV by standard biological tests; it
      possessed the usual titers of group-specific hexon antigen but only low
      hemagglutinin titers (1:4 to 1:8) with erythrocytes from selected rhesus monkeys.
      The virus gave little reaction in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with
      antisera to AV 1 through 35, but was neutralized to homologous titers by AV 11
      antiserum. Reciprocally, rabbit and guinea pig antisera to the isolates possessed
      high HI antibody titers to prototype AV 14 and high serum neutralization (SN)
      antibody titers to prototype AV 11. On this basis, the variants were classified
      as AV 14-11 intermediates. Sequential serum specimens from the patients with and
      without positive cultures showed diagnostic rises in HI and SN antibody levels to
      the AV 14-11 intermediate and to prototype AV 11, but little response to AV 14.

PMID- 177366
TI  - Murine leukemia: depressed response to interferon induction correlated with a
      serum hyporeactive factor.
AB  - Mice injected by the intraperitoneal route with either L1210 or P388 leukemic
      cells progressively developed a state of hyporeactivity to interferon induction
      that was dependent upon inducer and time of administration. A circulating factor
      was detected in the serum of both L1210 and P388 leukemic mice that could
      transfer hyporeactivity to normal murine cells in vitro. A direct relationship
      existed between the concentration of serum factor and development of
      hyporeactivity to interferon induction in vivo. Characterization of the serum
      hyporeactive factor from P388 or L1210 leukemic mice indicated that both were
      similar to a hyporeactive factor previously detected in serum from virus-infected
      mice. These results suggest a cause-effect relationship between the serum
      hyporeactive factor and development of hyporeactivity in vivo.

PMID- 177367
TI  - Effect of biotin deficiency on some properties of Staphylococcus aureus isolates
      from humans and other animals.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus isolates from humans and other animals were grown in biotin
      assay medium containing 12 mug of biotin per liter and compared to isolates from
      the same sources grown concurrently in medium containing adequate biotin. The two
      cultures were tested for production of coagulase, phosphatase, and fibrinolysin
      enzymes and for responses to various antimicrobial agents and bacteriophages.
      Organisms grown in biotin-deficient medium produced less phosphatase; coagulase
      and fibrinolytic activity was reduced, and they were more susceptible to
      antimicrobial agents than were normal organisms, but phage susceptibility was not
      greatly affected.

PMID- 177368
TI  - Fate of interferon-treated cells.
AB  - Interferon-treated cultures of Ly cells survived initial infection with high
      multiplicities of vesicular stomatitis (VSV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV). In
      the case of HSV, infectious virus and intracellular viral antigen were rapidly
      eliminated from the interferon-treated cultures, and the cells grew out to form
      apparently normal monolayers that could be cultured indefinitely. In the VSV
      infected Ly cultures, virus titers remained at low levels in interferon-treated
      cells but after about 14 days rapidly rose and the culture was destroyed. If
      interferon was added to the medium on days 4 and 6 after infection, virus titers
      rapidly declined but again recovered and the cells were destroyed. If, however,
      interferon treatment was resumed 9 days after initial infection, detectable
      infectious VSV was eliminated from the medium. Several methods, including
      cocultivation and molecular hybridization, failed to demonstrate persistence of a
      significant portion of the VSV genome in these cultures.

PMID- 177369
TI  - Partial characterization of the principal soluble antigens associated with the
      coronavirus of transmissible gastroenteritis by complement fixation and
      immunodiffusion.
AB  - A microtiter complement fixation (CF) test to detect transmissible
      gastroenteritis (TGE) viral antigen was developed, using TGE hyperimmune pig
      serum as an antibody source. Sera from TGE covalescent pigs did not fix
      complement by this test. Maximal virus and soluble antigen (SA) titers were
      obtained 36 to 48 h after inoculation of swine testes cells. Cell-associated
      virus and SA titers were higher than those in the culture fluid, which had to be
      concentrated 20X before use as antigen in agar immunodiffusion tests (ID). By
      sucrose density-gradient centrifugation, the SA had a buoyant density of 1.10
      g/ml and could be separated from the virus that banded in the 1.19-g/ml region.
      Virus and SA from three different isolates of TGE had the same buoyant densities.
      Heating and proteolytic enzyme digestion established the protein nature of the
      SA. As assayed by CF and ID, there were stability differences between crude and
      purified preparations of SA. Antibody prepared in rabbits against the SA
      neutralized the TGE virus.

PMID- 177370
TI  - Electron microscope study of experimental enteric adenovirus infection in mice.
AB  - Using fluorescent antibody techniques (FA) and light microscopy (LM) and electron
      microscopy (EM), this paper describes the morphological features of the ileum in
      the DK1 mouse orally challenged with adenovirus K87. At the peak of infection,
      virus is easily identified by FA in the epithelium of the villi and crypts of the
      ileum. LM shows that fluorescent cells have large, bizarre, uniformly basophilic
      nuclei containing deoxyribonucleic acid, as indicated by histochemical tests. EM
      further identifies these nuclei as belonging to columnar, goblet, or Paneth
      cells, all epithelial cells facing the lumen with a microvillus border. The
      basophilic material in the nuclei consists of virus particles 75 nm in diameter
      arranged in crystalline arrays. When found in the cell cytoplasm, the virions do
      not form arrays but are scattered or form irregular aggregates, which may or may
      not be enclosed by single membranes. Infected columnar cells show mild cytopathic
      effects with no cell degeneration and necrosis, whereas the goblet and Paneth
      cells appear normal and maintain synthetic and secretory functions. All infected
      cells, however, share an abnormally accelerated extrusion rate, with columnar and
      goblet cells often being shed from the side rather than from the tip of the
      villi. The Paneth cells, which do not migrate out of the crypts, show a higher
      than normal rate of extrusion in the crypt lumen.

PMID- 177371
TI  - Use of cryopreserved virus-infected target cells in a lymphocytotoxicity 51Cr
      release microassay for cell-mediated immunity to cytomegalovirus.
AB  - A new 51Cr-release microassay is described for the measurement of cell-mediated
      immunity to cytomegalovirus, using cryopreserved target cells acutely infected
      with cytomegalovirus.

PMID- 177372
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a novel beta-lactam antibiotic: pivmecillinam (FL 1039).
AB  - Pivmecillinam, a new penicillin-like antibiotic, is a member of the
      amidinopenicillanic acid group. Its mode of action differs from that of the
      classical penicillins and it exhibits no cross-resistance with them. Fifty-two
      gerontopsychiatric patients, median age 81 years, with E. coli, Klebsiella, and
      Proteus bacteriurias were divided into three comparable groups. In a ten week
      open clinical trial the patients were treated with pivmecillinam, pivampicillin
      or the two drugs given alternately in doses reduced in stages. The bacteriuria in
      all groups cleared almost completely in three days. Pivmecillinam compared
      favourably with pivampicillin especially at the end of the reduced medication.
      The alternating treatment seemed to be superior to treatment with either drug
      administered separately. No development of resistance was observed. No toxic
      effect on the liver, kidney, or bone marrow was seen in any of the three groups.
      In the group receiving pivmecillinam alone, no ampicillin-like skin rashes
      occurred.

PMID- 177373
TI  - Management of respiratory infection in the intensive care unit.

PMID- 177374
TI  - Survival of monoxenically (Crithidia sp.) and axenically grown Entamoeba
      histolytica cultures after storage in liquid nitrogen.

PMID- 177375
TI  - E.s.r. of free radicals in irradiated uracil-beta-D-arabinofuranoside.
AB  - Electron-spin-resonance measurements have been made on single crystals of uracil
      beta-D-arabinofuranoside, which were irradiated by 4-0 MeV electrons at 77 K. At
      low temperatures, two radicals have been identified, one attributed to a hydrogen
      abstraction from 05' in the sugar moiety and the other to a radical anion located
      on the pyrimidine ring. The former is very unstable and seems to act as a
      precursor to other unidentified radical species stable at 77K. At room
      temperature, the main resonance is due to hydrogen addition to C5 and is probably
      produced by protonation of the anion. This same radical is also produced by X
      irradiation at room temperature.

PMID- 177376
TI  - The primary structure of collagen.

PMID- 177377
TI  - Enzymic degradation of collagen.

PMID- 177378
TI  - Elastin structure in health and disease.

PMID- 177380
TI  - The function of the nucleolus in the expression of genetic information: studies
      with hybrid animal cells.

PMID- 177379
TI  - Glycoproteins of the connective tissue matrix.

PMID- 177381
TI  - Cyclic AMP and cell behavior in cultured cells.

PMID- 177382
TI  - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in parenchymatous liver diseases].

PMID- 177384
TI  - Light effect on the synaptic organ of the rat.
AB  - The photoreceptor synapses of albino rats show considerable pathologic changes
      following fluorescent light exposure. The changes in the synapses and in the
      lamellar membranes of the outer segments occur and progress simultaneously.
      Membranes proliferate in the paramitochondrial zone of the rod synaptic spherule
      and fine budding of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum occurs in the cone pedicle
      within one hour's exposure to the brightness of 500 foot candles. Proliferating
      paramitochondrial membranes have no cytochrome c oxidase activity and degenerate
      together with mitochondria by further exposure. The cone pedicles remain
      relatively intact in photically damaged retina.

PMID- 177383
TI  - Canine herpes-induced retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies.
AB  - Thirty-eight newborn Beagle puppies from eight litters of a specific pathogen
      free colony maintained in isolation were inoculated with canine herpesvirus. Pups
      were killed between one and 30 days after inoculation. Histopathologic studies
      were carried out on the eyes and other tissues in conjunction with fluorescent
      antibody and viral isolation studies. Evidence of ocular inflammation manifested
      by panuveitis with the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies was usually seen
      by the fourth day after infection. Eyes with severe inflammation showed
      peripheral anterior synechiae, cataract, and keratitis. The presence of the virus
      was confirmed by viral isolation from ocular tissues and fluorescent antibody
      studies. Developmental anomalies included retinal dysplasia with fold and tube
      formation of the neural retina, retardation of retinal maturation, and areas of
      necrosis and reorganization were seen. The retinal pigment epithelium showed
      initially patchy depigmentation and vacuolization and, subsequently, folding
      hypertrophy and duplication as well as areas of widespread atrophy and patchy
      loss. In some animals ectopic retina was found within cystic spaces of the optic
      nerve. These experiments confirm the ability of canine herpes infection in
      neonatal pups to produce severe ocular inflammation with subsequent retinal
      dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies.

PMID- 177385
TI  - Electron microscopy of cultured mammalian lenses. II. Changes preceding and
      accompanying insulin-induced mitosis.
AB  - Morphological changes preceding insulin-induced mitosis in cultured rabbit lenses
      were characterized. The fine structure of these lenses was compared with that of
      lenses exposed to culture conditions in which a mitotic response failed to
      materialize. Lenses were cultured in: (1) medium KEI-4, i.e., a completely
      defined medium, which retains the central epithelium in a nonproliferating state,
      (2) KEI-4 plus insulin, and (3) KEI-4 plus insulin, theophylline, and dibutyryl
      adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (I-DBcAMP-T). The insulin-induced mitotic
      response was inhibited by dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline or papaverine or 8
      bromoadenosine cAMP. At one hour, lenses cultured in KEI-4 alone or in KEI-4-I
      DBcAMP-T showed a moderate increase in free ribosomes relative to zero hour
      controls. In contrast, lenses exposed to KEI-4-insulin exhibited a pronounced
      increase in the number of free ribosomes and had prominent nucleoli. An increase
      in the degree of folding of the cell membrane was detected in all lenses at three
      hours but was decidedly more prominent in lenses cultured in KEI-4-insulin. At
      seven hours, lenses exposed to KEI-4-insulin showed an increase in the size and
      apparent number of mitochondria. At all intervals, ribosomes were more numerous
      in lenses cultured in KEI-4-insulin. Lenses cultured in medium KEI-4 alone for 24
      and 52 hours displayed a morphology ostensibly similar to that of zero hour
      controls. At 52 hours the epithelial cells of lenses exposed to insulin, DBcAMP
      and theophylline were multilayered and markedly elongated. The increase in
      ribosomes (one hour), changes in the cell membrane (three hours), and the
      heightened mitochondria profile all precede the initiation of DNA synthesis and
      mitosis which commenced at 24 and 40 hours, respectively.

PMID- 177386
TI  - Biohazard potential: recovery of infectious virus from the liquid nitrogen of a
      virus repository.
AB  - Flame-sealed glass ampules containing vesicular stomatitis (VSV) were submerged
      in a liquid nitrogen (LN2) refrigerator for storage. Onseveral occasions cracked
      or shattered ampules were discovered upon removal from the refrigerator.
      Subsequently, VSV was recovered from the LN2 of the virus repository indicating a
      source of potential danger to those employing glass ampules submerged in LN2 for
      preservation of pathogenic organisms.

PMID- 177387
TI  - Endocrine changes in sepsis.
AB  - The hormonal changes associated with sepsis appear to be important compensatory
      responses directed toward (1) increasing the availability of fuel (glucose, fatty
      acids, and amino acids) for the greatly accelerated needs of the cellular
      metabolic machinery and (2) maintaining an adequate blood volume, blood pressure,
      and tissue perfusion. Unrecognized or inadequately treated sepsis with subsequent
      prolonged trophic hormone stimulation depletes the patient of fuels necessary for
      the maintenance of the increased metabolic demands. This leads to eventual
      deleterious effects with muscle wasting, increased susceptibility to infection,
      and impaired wound healing. Manipulation of some of the hormones in sepsis,
      particularly insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone, with an adequate caloric
      intake to promote a more favorable anabolic response, holds exciting promise.

PMID- 177388
TI  - [After care following knee ligament injuries].

PMID- 177389
TI  - Temperature-induced changes in succinate-cytochrome c reductase in behavioural
      mutants of Drosophila.

PMID- 177390
TI  - [Possibilities in the hyperthermia therapy of malignant tumors].

PMID- 177391
TI  - [Herpes simplex virus and onkogenesis].

PMID- 177392
TI  - [Ectopic ACTH syndrome: clinical significance of recent findings].

PMID- 177393
TI  - Lipid-laden aqueous humor associated with anterior uveitis and concurrent
      hyperlipemia in two dogs.
AB  - Two dogs with cloudy aqueous humor due to accumulation of lipid and lipoprotein
      had concurrent hyperlipemia and anterior uveitis. In 1 dog, serum and aqueous
      humor had similar lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns, and in the other dog, the
      patterns were different. The therapeutic approach included symptomatic treatment
      of the uveitis and reduction of dietary fat intake. Clearing of fat from aqueous
      humor followed control of the uveitis.

PMID- 177394
TI  - Physiological responses of calves to cadmium and lead.

PMID- 177395
TI  - A rare case of functioning glomus jugulare tumour.

PMID- 177396
TI  - Control of inositol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; inositol-phosphate
      synthetase mutants.
AB  - Inositol-requiring mutants of Saacharomyces cerevisiae were tested in cell
      extracts for the ability to convert glucose-6-phosphate to inositol-phosphate (IP
      synthetase) and inositol (IP phosphatase). Mutants representing any one of 10
      unlinked loci conferring the inositol requirement were unable to synthesize
      either compound in an assay with glucose-6-phosphate as the substrate. These
      results indicate that the mutants lack IP synthetase activity and that at least
      10 genes control the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to inositol-phosphate. In
      addition, a mutation known to be unlinked with the ino1 locus interacts with a
      leaky ino1 allele and may play a role in the regulation of IP synthetase. This
      mutation causes a 47% reduction in wild-type IP synthetase activity and, when
      combined in a haploid strain with the leaky ino1 allele, it reduced IP synthetase
      activity to a level below that which is growth supporting. Wild-type and IP
      synthetase-deficient strains were tested for reduced nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide (NADH) accumulation, since NAD+ is required in the conversion of
      glucose-6-phosphate to inositol. No detectable accumulation of NADH was observed
      in the wild-type strain, presumably because the NADH generated is rapidly
      oxidized during subsequent partial reactions of IP synthetase. Mutants
      representing three different loci accumulate NADH and may, therefore, lack the
      NADH-mediated reductase activity of IP synthetase. Other mutants tested fail to
      accumulate NADH and may, therefore, lack the NAD+-mediated oxidase activity of IP
      synthetase. Phospholipid synthesis was studied by 32P pulse labeling in one
      mutant under conditions of inositol supplementation and starvation. Starved cells
      incorporate 32P into phospholipids normally for 2 h, followed by a period in
      which the rate of phosphatidylinositol synthesis decreases and the rate of
      phosphatidylcholine synthesis increases. After 5 to 6 h starvation, all cellular
      phospholipid synthesis ceases.

PMID- 177397
TI  - Genetics and complementation of Haemophilus influenzae mutants deficient in
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent nuclease.
AB  - Eight different mutations in Haemophilus influenzae leading to deficiency in
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent nuclease have been investigated in
      strains in which the mutations of the originally mutagenized strains have been
      transferred into the wild type. Sensitivity to mitomycin C and deoxycholate and
      complementation between extracts and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent ATPase
      activity have been measured. Genetic crosses have provided information on the
      relative position of the mutations on the genome. There are three complementation
      groups, corresponding to three genetic groups. The strains most sensitive to
      mitomycin and deoxycholate, derived from mutants originally selected on the basis
      of sensitivity to mitomycin C or methyl methanesulfonate, are in one group.
      Apparently all these sensitive strains lack DNA-dependent ATPase activity, as
      does a strain intermediate in sensitivity to deoxycholate, which is the sole
      representative of another group. There are four strains that are relatively
      resistant to deoxycholate and mitomycin C, and all of these contain the ATPase
      activity. Three of these are in the same genetic and complementation group,
      whereas the other incongruously belongs in the same group as the sensitive
      strains. It is postulated that there are three cistrons in H. influenzae that
      code for the three known subunits of the ATP-dependent nuclease.

PMID- 177398
TI  - Control of Neurospora crassa morphology by cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate
      and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate.
AB  - The role of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the control of
      the Neurospora asexual life cycle was studied. Endogenous cyclic AMP levels were
      10 to 20 times higher in strains having the wild-type cr-1 allele than in those
      carrying the mutated allele. In a wild-type strain these levels remained constant
      throughtout the entire growth period in shaken liquid cultures, except during a
      short period at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. In this period a
      marked increase in the cyclic nucleotide level was observed. The culture of cr-1
      mutant strains in the presence of cyclic AMP or its dibutyryl derivative restores
      some morphological properties characteristic of wild-type strains. Specifically
      these cyclic nucleotides stimulated the rate of mycelial elongation, as well as
      the differentiation of aerial hyphae.

PMID- 177399
TI  - Hypersensitivity to catabolite repression in the L-arabinose operon of
      Escherichia coli B/r is trans acting.
AB  - Mutations causing hypersensitivity to catabolite repression have been assigned to
      gene araC (activator protein) by complementation analysis. The araO (operator
      region) is non-essential for catabolite repression.

PMID- 177400
TI  - Formation in the dark, of virus-induced deoxyribonuclease activity in Anacystis
      nidulans, an obligate photoautotroph.
AB  - In Anacystis nidulans, upon infection with cyanophage AS-1, after a lag period of
      1 h the level of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity increaded rapidly up to 15-
      to 20-fold in 4 to 5 h in the light. In contrast, the ribonuclease and
      phosphomonoesterase activities increased significantly only 4 to 5 h after
      infection, i.e. as late as 1 h prior to lysis. In complete darkness, the nuclease
      levels remained unaltered. However, when the infected cells were exposed to light
      for 1 or 2 h after infection, the DNase level increased essentially to the same
      extent in the dark as in continuous light, although the complete replication
      cycle of the virus was impaired in the dark and cells lysed only in the
      continuously illuminated cultures. Inhibition of photosystem II with 3-(3,4
      dichlorophenyl)-1-dimethylurea during the early illumination period strongly
      decreased the subsequent, infection-dependent increase in DNase activity in the
      dark. The virus-induced increase in DNase activity was also inhibited by
      chloramphenicol. The data suggest that, in spite of the obligate photoautotrophic
      nature of A. nidulans, dark metabolism is able to support fully the formation of
      some specific proteins if the triggering of their synthesis takes place in light.

PMID- 177402
TI  - Methyl methane sulfonate-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli deficient in an
      endonuclease specific for apurinic sites in deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - A methyl methane sulfonate (MMS)-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli AB 1157 was
      obtained by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment. The mutant strain, AB
      3027, is defective both in endonuclease activity for apurinic sites in
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and in DNA polymerase I, as shown by direct enzyme
      assays. Derivative strains, which retained the deficiency in endonuclease
      activity for apurinic sties (approximately 10% of the wild-type enzyme level) but
      had normal DNA polymerase I activity, were obtained by P1-mediated transduction
      (strain NH5016) or by selection of revertants to decreased MMS sensitivity. These
      endonuclease-deficient strains are more MMS-sensitive than wild-type strains.
      Revertants of these deficients strains to normal MMS resistance were isolated.
      They had increased levels of the endonuclease activity but did not attain wild
      type levels. The data suggest that endonuclease for apurinic sites is active in
      repair of lesions introduced in DNA as a consequence of MMS treatment. Two
      different endonucleases that specifically attack DNA containing apurinic sites
      arepresented in E coli K-12. A heat-labile activity, sensitive to inhibition by
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate, accounts for 90% of the total endonuclease activity
      for apurinic sties in crude cell extracts. The residual 10% is due to a more heat
      resistant activity, refractory to ethylenediaminetetraacetate inhibition. The
      AB3027 and NH5016 strains have normal amounts of the latter endonuclease but no
      or very little of the former activity.

PMID- 177401
TI  - Growth rate modulation of four aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetases in
      enteric bacteria.
AB  - The specific activities of arginyl- glutamyl- seryl-, and valyl-transfer
      ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetases were measured in the wild-type and mutant
      strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and Escherichia coli B/r. In media
      restricted only by carbon and energy source availability, the specific activities
      of all four enzymes were proportional to the growth rate, with the exception of
      seryl-tRNA synthetase in S. typhimurium, which remained essentially constant.
      Structural gene densities were calculated for these four enzymes and were found
      not to account for the variation of specific activity with growth rate.

PMID- 177403
TI  - Product analysis of bisulfite reductase activity isolated from Desulfovibrio
      vulgaris.
AB  - Bisulfite reductase was purified from extracts of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. By
      colorimetric analyses trithionate was found to be the major product, being formed
      in quantities 5 to 10 times more than two other detectable products, thiosulfate
      and sulfide. When [35S]bisulfite was used as the substrate, all three products
      were radioactively labeled. Degradation of [35S]trithionate showed that all of
      its sulfur atoms were equally labeled. In contrast, [35S]thiosulfate contained
      virtually all of the radioactivity in the sulfonate atom while the sulfane atom
      was unlabeled. These results, in conjunction with the funding that the sulfide
      was radioactive, led to the conclusion that bisulfite reductase reduced bisulfite
      to trithionate as the major product and sulfide as the minor product; the reason
      for the unusual labeling pattern found in the thiosulfate molecule was not
      apparent at this time. When bisulfite reductase was incubated with [35S]bisulfite
      in the presence of another protein fraction, FII, the thiosulfate formed from
      this reaction contained both sulfur atoms having equal radioactivity. This
      discovery, plus the fact that trithionate was not reduced to thiosulfate under
      identical conditions, led to the speculation that bisulfite could be reduced to
      thiosulfate by another pathway not involving trithionate.

PMID- 177405
TI  - Plasmid-determined alcohol dehydrogenase activity in alkane-utilizing strains of
      Pseudomonas putida.
AB  - We have identified an alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Pseudomonas putida
      strains carrying the CAM-OCT degradative plasmid that were grown on octane. The
      activity is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide independent, sediments at 48,000 x
      g, and shows 20-fold greater activity with octanol rather than butanol as
      substrate. The enzyme is inducible by unoxidized alkane and is present only in
      strains that have the OCT plasmid genes for alkane degradation with a wild-type
      alcO locus. No analogous chromosomal dehydrogenase could be detected. Wild-type
      and actanol-negative mutants (alcA-) without plasmids both contain a constitutive
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked soluble alcohol dehydrogenase activity.
      This means that alcA- mutants are cryptic for octanol oxidation and suggests that
      the particulate plasmid-coded alcohol dehydrogenase activity is active on surface
      or membrane-bound substrate.

PMID- 177404
TI  - Role of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases and deoxyribonucleic acid ligase in x
      ray-induced repair synthesis in toluene-treated Escherichia coli K-12.
AB  - Toluene-treated Escherichia coli mutants have been used to study the roles of
      deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerases I, II, and III, and of DNA ligase in
      repair synthesis and strand rejoining following X-irradiation. In cells
      possessing all three DNA polymerases, both a greater amount of repair synthesis
      ("exaggerated" repair synthesis) and failure of ligation are observed when DNA
      ligase activity is inhibited. In a mutant lacking the polymerizing activity of
      DNA polymerase I, exaggerated repair synthesis is not observed, and strand
      rejoining does not occur even if DNA ligase is fully activated. In a mutant
      possessing the polymerizing activity of DNA polymerase I but lacking its 5'leads
      to 3' exonuclease activity, exaggerated repair synthesis is minimal. After
      irradiation, DNA polymerases II and III are capable of carrying out an adenosine
      5'-triphosphate-dependent repair synthesis,but rejoining of strand breaks does
      not occur and exaggerated synthesis is not seen whether DNA ligase is active or
      not. These results suggest that DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase act together to
      limit repair synthesis after X irradiation and that both are necessary in toluene
      treated cells for strand rejoining. DNA polymerases II and III apparently cannot
      complete chain elongation and gap filling, and therefore repair carried out by
      these enzymes does not respond to ligase action.

PMID- 177408
TI  - Amino acid sequence of Paracoccus denitrificans cytochrome c550.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of Paracoccus (formerly Micrococcus) denitrificans
      cytochrome c550 has been established by a combination of standard chemical
      techniques and interpretation of a 2.5 A resolution x-ray electron density map.
      Peptides derived from a trypsin digest were chemically sequenced, and then
      ordered by fitting them to the density map. The amino acid compositions of
      chymotryptic peptides confirmed the x-ray map ordering the tryptic peptides. The
      amino acid sequence of this respiratory, prokaryotic cytochrome with 134 residues
      is discussed in relation to those of eukaryotic respiratory cytochrome c (103 to
      113 amino acids), and prokaryotic, photosynthetic c2 (103 to 124 amino acids). At
      the primary structure level, c and c550 differ no more from cytochromes c2 than
      the various cytochromes c2 do from one another. It is suggested that the
      respiratory electron transport chain in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is a
      relatively late evolutionary offshoot of the photosynthetic electron transport
      chain in purple non-sulfur bacteria.

PMID- 177406
TI  - Lack of glucose phosphotransferase function in phosphofructokinase mutants of
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - Phosphofructokinase (pfkA) mutants of Escherichia coli are impaired in growth on
      all carbon sources entering glycolysis at or above the level of fructose 6
      phosphate (nonpermissive carbon sources), but growth is particularly slow on
      sugars, such as glucose, which are normally transported and phosphorylated by the
      phosphoenolpyruvate, (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS).

PMID- 177407
TI  - Altered deoxyribonucleotide pools in P2 eductants of Escherichia coli K-12 due to
      deletion of the dcd gene.
AB  - Deletion of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome associated with P2 mediated
      education extend through the structural gene for uridine kinase, udk, and the dcd
      gene encoding 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate deaminase. The lack of uridine
      kinase makes a positive selection possible for these strains. Due to the dcd
      mutation, P2 eductants show large alterations in their deoxyribonucleoside
      triphosphate pools.

PMID- 177409
TI  - Evidence for a phospholipid requirement in the specific binding of
      glucocorticoids to receptors of fibroblasts and thymic lymphocytes.
AB  - The specific steroid binding capacity of soluble preparations from mouse
      fibroblasts and rat thymic lymphocytes is inactivated by incubation with
      phospholipases. Receptor binding is drastically reduced by very low
      concentrations of boiled phospholipase A preparations from bee venom and snake
      venoms. The enzyme effect is calcium-dependent and is blocked by both
      phospholipid and a substrate analog that is a competitive inhibitor of
      phospholipase A. The specific binding capacity is also sensitive to digestion by
      phospholipase C. Two possible mechanisms are considered for the phospholipase A
      effect: (a) the receptor protein may be associated with a phospholipid component
      which is required for specific hormone binding; (b) phospholipase A may be
      producing detergent products that are indirectly inactivating the receptor.
      Examination of the effects of lysophosphatide on the receptor and assay of lipid
      phosphate in the receptor preparation do not support a mechanism based solely on
      detergent effects. Because phospholipase C, which does not produce detergent
      products, also inactivates the binding, we propose that the phospholipases may be
      digesting the phospholipid which is a requisite component of the glucocorticoid
      receptor.

PMID- 177410
TI  - Rat adipose tissue glycogen synthase. Evidence for multiple discrete kinetic
      species and their interconversion.
AB  - Rat adipose tissue glycogen synthase has been kinetically characterized. The
      classical D form has an apparent Km for UDP-glucose of 0.7 mM and 0.4 mM in the
      absence and presence of glucose 6-phosphate, respectively. The apparent Ka for
      glucose 6-phosphate is 0.6 mM. The effect of glucose 6-phosphate on the D form is
      to enhance the Vmax 7-fold. The I form is also affected by glucose 6-phosphate
      (Ka, 0.025 mM) but the Vmax is increased only by 20%; apparent Km values for UDP
      glucose are 0.4 mM and 0.045 mM in the absence and presence of glucose 6
      phosphate, respectively. In addition, two new kinetically distinguishable forms
      have been observed. The first, designated glycogen synthase Q, arises from an
      Mg2+ATP-dependent deactivation of the I form. The apparent Km values of glycogen
      synthase Q for UDP-glucose are identical with those of the I form; however, the
      apparent Ka for glucose 6-phosphate (0.2 mM) is 8-fold higher than that for the I
      form and one-third that for the D form. Preparations from fasted or diabetic rats
      contain a form of glycogen synthase, designated glycogen synthase X, that has a
      much lower affinity for glucose 6-phosphate than the D form (apparent Ka, 3 mM);
      the apparent Km values for UDP-glucose are similar to those of the D form (0.7 mM
      and 0.3 mM in the absence and presence of glucose 6-phosphate, respectively). In
      preparations from fasted rats a stepwise Mg2+-dependent conversion was
      demonstrated of synthase X to D to Q to I; this sequential conversion was
      reversed on incubation with Mg2+ATP. In preparations from fed rats, synthase Q
      could be generated either by limited activation (from the D form) or, after
      conversion to the I form, by deactivation with Mg2+ATP. However, even prolonged
      incubation with Mg2+ATP failed to generate the D (or X) form.

PMID- 177411
TI  - Localization of the substrate and oxalacetate binding site of succinate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Succinate dehydrogenase is composed of two subunits, one of molecular weight
      70,000, containing FAD in covalent linkage to a histidyl residue of the
      polypeptide chain, the other subunit of molecular weight 30,000. The fact that
      substrate, substrate analogs, and oxalacetate prevent inactivation of the enzyme
      by thiol-specific agents indicates that a thiol group must be present in close
      proximity to the flavin. Comparison of the incorporation of radioactivity into
      each subunit in the presence and absence of succinate or malonate shows that both
      substrate and competitive inhibitors protect a sulfhydryl group of the 70,000
      molecular weight subunit. This indicates that a thiol group of the flavoprotein
      subunit is part of the active site. Similar investigations using oxalacetate as a
      protecting agent indicate that the tight binding of oxalacetate to the
      deactivated enzyme also occurs in the flavoprotein subunit, and may involve the
      same thiol group which is protected by succinate from alkylation by N
      ethylmaleimide. It is clear, therefore, that not only the flavin site but also an
      essential thiol residue are located in the 70,000-molecular weight subunit. A
      second thiol group, located in the 30,000-molecular weight subunit, also binds N
      ethylmaleimide covalently under similar conditions, without being part of the
      active site. Succinate, malonate, and oxalacetate do not influence the binding of
      this inhibitor to the thiol group of the lower molecular weight subunit. Using
      maleimide derivatives of nitroxide-type spin labels, it has been possible to
      demonstrate the presence of two types of thiol groups in the enzyme which form
      covalent derivatives with the spin probe. When the enzyme is treated with an
      equimolar quantity of the spin probe, a largely isotropic electron spin resonance
      spectrum is obtained, indicating a high probe mobility. When this site is first
      blocked by treating the enzyme with an equimolar quantity of N-ethylmaleimide,
      followed by an equimolar amount of spin label, the label is strongly immobilized
      with a splitting of 64 gauss. It is suggested that the sulfhydryl group which is
      involved in the immobilized species is at the active site.

PMID- 177412
TI  - Increased intestinal chromatin template activity. Influence of 1alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 and hormone-receptor complexes.
AB  - 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration to rachitic chicks results in an
      increase in the chromatin template activity of intestinal target tissue assayed
      in vitro using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The maximum stimulation of
      template capacity was 12 to 20% over control values and occurred 2 hours after
      administration of the sterol. This rapid effect preceded the biologic response to
      1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the intestine and was not observed in other
      tissues such as liver or kidney. The in vivo enhancement of intestinal chromatin
      template activity was specific for the 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 hormone in
      that equivalent doses of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or vitamin D3 did not elicit a
      response in 2 to 3 hours. Only 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, a synthetic sterol which
      is very rapidly metabolized to the 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 form, was able
      to minic the natural hormone in vivo. To further elucidate the nuclear mechanism
      of action of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the hormone was preincubated at 0
      degrees with intestinal cytosol to form hormone-receptor complexes. After
      addition of the hormone-receptor complexes to purified intestinal mucosa nuclei
      and incubation for 1 hour at 25 degrees, chromatin isolated from this
      reconstituted system displayed a significant increase in template activity as
      compared to chromatin prepared from similar in vitro incubations not containing
      hormone. This stimulation was 12 to 24% over control values and exhibited an
      absolute requirement for intestinal cell cytosol. The response was specific for
      physiologic levels of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, but occurred with
      pharmacologic doses of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. It is concluded that a stimulation
      of the chromatin template activity of intestinal target tissue by 1alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 may be an integral part of the ultimate physiologic response
      of enhanced calcium transport.

PMID- 177413
TI  - Interaction of swine lipoproteins with the low density lipoprotein receptor in
      human fibroblasts.
AB  - HDLc, a cholesterol-rich lipoprotein that accumulates in the plasma of
      cholesterol-fed swine, was shown to resemble functionally human and swine low
      density lipoprotein in its ability to bind to the low density lipoprotein
      receptor in monolayers of cultured human fibroblasts. This binding occurred even
      though HDLc lacked detectable apoprotein B, which is the major protein of low
      density lipoprotein. After it was bound to the low density lipoprotein receptor,
      HDLc, like human and swine low density lipoprotein, delivered its cholesterol to
      the cells, and this, in turn, caused a suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A reductase activity, an activation of the cholesterol-esterifying
      system, and a net accumulation of free and esterified cholesterol within the
      cells. Swine HDLc, like human high density lipoprotein, did not bind to the low
      density lipoprotein receptor nor did it elicit any of the subsequent metabolic
      events. HDLc, like human low density lipoprotein, was incapable of producing a
      metabolic effect in fibroblasts derived from a subject with the homozygous form
      of familial hypercholesterolemia, which lack low density lipoprotein receptors.
      These results indicate that two lipoproteins that have been associated with
      athersclerosis--low density lipoprotein in humans and HDLc in cholesterol-fed
      swine--both can cause the accumulation of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters
      within cells through an interaction with the low density lipoprotein receptor.

PMID- 177414
TI  - Nuclear magnetic relaxation studies of the conformation of adenosine 5'
      triphosphate on pyruvate kinase from rabbit muscle.
AB  - The conformation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the manganese complex of
      pyruvate kinase from rabbit muscle was determined from six metal to nucleus
      distances derived by nuclear magnetic relaxation techniques. On the enzyme, no
      direct metal-ATP coordination exists. The phosphorous atoms of ATP are 4.9 to 5.1
      A away from manganese, a distance which indicates either a predominantly (greater
      than or equal to 94%) second sphere complex or, less likely, a highly distorted
      inner sphere complex. Thus, water ligands or ligands from the protein might
      intervene between the ATP molecule and the divalent metal ion and facilitate
      their interaction. The metal-gammaP distance of 5 A for pyruvate kinase-bound ATP
      is equal to that found for the phosphorous atom of phosphoenolpyruvate and
      cobalt(II) on pyruvate kinase (Melamud, E., and Mildvan, A. S. (1975) J. Biol.
      Chem. 250, 8193-8201), which is consistent with the overlap in space of the P
      enolpyruvate-phosphorus and the gammaP of ATP at the active site. This
      observation  explains the competitive binding of these two substrates to the
      enzyme, as detected by NMR and by early kinetic studies. From the phosphorus data
      and from measurements of the relaxation rates of 3 protons of ATP in the pyruvate
      kinase-metal-ATP complex, the conformation of ATP was characterized as extended
      with distances of 6.0, 9.1, and 7.5 A from manganese to the H8, H2, and H'1
      protons, respectively. The torsion angle about the glycosidic bond (chi) which
      defines the conformation of the enzyme-bound riboside and adenine rings was
      determined to be 30 degrees. In contrast, the conformation of the binary Mn(II)
      ATP complex in solution is folded around the metal with direct manganese
      coordination of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-phosphorus atoms, and with metal to
      proton distances of 4.5, 6.4, and 6.2 A for the H8, H2, and H'1 protons,
      suggesting a second sphere manganese-adenine interaction. The chi angle equals 90
      degrees for the binary complex primarily because of the metal-base interaction.
      Thus, a profound change in the conformation and structure of Mn(II)-ATP from a
      folded chelate to an extended second sphere complex results when the nucleotide
      binds to pyruvate kinase.

PMID- 177415
TI  - Chromium(III)-adenosine triphosphate as a paramagnetic probe to determine
      intersubstrate distances on pyruvate kinase. Detection of an active enzyme-metal
      ATP-metal complex.
AB  - The interaction of CrATP, a stable, substitution-inert, paramagnetic tridentate
      complex of ATP, with muscle pyruvate kinase has been studied by measuring the
      effects of CrATP on the kinetics of pyruvate enolization and on the longitudinal
      nuclear magnetic relaxation rate (1/T1) of the protons of water and the protons
      and carbon atoms of pyruvate to investigate the existence and activity of
      bimetallic enzyme-M(II)-CrATP complexes and to determine intersubstrate distances
      on a kinase. The paramagnetic effect of CrATP on 1/T1 of water protons is
      enhanced upon complexation with the enzyme. Titrations of the enzyme with CrATP
      yielded characteristic enhancements of 1/T1 for the binary enzyme-CrATP, ternary
      enzyme-Mg(II)-crATP, and quaternary enzyme-Mg(II)-crATP-pyruvate complexes of
      3.5, 1.7, and 1.2 and dissociation constants of CrATP of 400, 200, and 200 muM,
      respectively. From the frequency dependence of 1/T1, the number of fast
      exchanging water protons in the coordination spheres of Cr(III) is approximately
      6 in CrATP and in both the ternary enzyme-Mg(II)-CrATP complex and the quaternary
      enzyme-Mg(II)-CrATP-pyruvate complex. The paramagnetic effect of enzyme-bound
      Mn(II) on 1/T1 of water protons decreases upon the addition of CrATP. Titration
      of the binary enzyme-Mn(II) complex with CrATP decreases the characteristic
      enhancement due to Mn(II) from 24 +/- 3 to 6 +/- 1. Titration of the ternary
      eznyme-Mn(II)-pyruvate complex with CrATP decreases the enhancement from 6 +/- 1
      to 0.5 +/- 0.1. The affinity of the enzyme for Mn(II) is increased 2-fold upon
      binding of CrATP as indicated by decreases in the amplitude of the EPR spectrum
      of free Mn(II). The dissociation constants of CrATP from the enzyme-Mn(II)-CrATP
      complex, the enzyme-CrATP-pyruvate complex, and the enzyme-Mn(II)-CrATP-pyruvate
      complex are all 200 muM. The observed titration behavior, the characteristic
      enhancement values, the tightening by Mg(II) of the binding of CrATP to the
      enzyme, and the tightening of the binding of Mn(II) to the enzyme by CrATP
      establish the existence of enzyme-M(II)-CrATP and enzyme-M(II)-CrATP-pyruvate
      complexes containing two cations, Mg(II) or Mn(II) and Cr(III), at the active
      site.

PMID- 177416
TI  - Purification and properties of the proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase
      complex of bovine heart mitochondria.
AB  - 1. The proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of bovine heart
      mitochondria was highly purified by extraction of submitochondrial particles with
      cholate, fractionation with ammonium sulfate, and sucrose gradient centrifugation
      in the presence of methanol, deoxycholate, and lysolecithin. 2. The preparation
      had a very low content of phospholipids, respiratory components, and adenine
      nucleotide transporter. The ATPase activity (14 o 16 micromoles/min/mg at 30
      degrees) was dependent on addition of phospholipids. The purified enzyme was
      reconstituted with phospholipids, coupling factor 1 (F1), and the oligomycin
      sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) yielding vesicles with highly active 32Pi
      ATP exchange (up to 260 nanomoles/min/mg at 30 degrees), and a proton pump driven
      by ATP. Site III oxidative phosphorylation was reconstituted when purified
      cytochrome oxidase was included. 3. The 32Pi-ATP exchange of the reconstituted
      vesicles was sensitive to both rutamycin and dichylohexylcarbodiimide but the
      ATPase activity was sensitive to rutamycin and not to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
      4. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel scans of the complex, the subunits of
      F1, OSCP, and three other major bands with apparent molecular weights of 32,000,
      23,000, and about 11,000 were noted. Three other minor bands with estimated
      molecular weights of 80,000, 70,000, and 52,000 were also detected. These bands
      apparently represent residual trace amounts of respiratory components.
      Quantitative assays of individual respiratory components revealed between 0 and
      3% contamination. 5. We conclude that the rutamycin-sensitive ATPase complex
      functions as a reversible ATP-driven proton pump.

PMID- 177418
TI  - Deoxythymidine kinase induced in HeLa TK- cells by herpes simplex virus type I
      and type II. II. Purification and characterization.
AB  - Deoxythymidine kinase activities were induced in HeLa TK- (deoxythymidine kinase
      deficient) cells infected with either herpes simplex virus type I or herpes
      simplex virus type II. The herpes simplex virus type I-induced enzyme was found
      in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of the infected cells, whereas the
      herpes simplex type II-induced deoxythymidine kinase could only be found in the
      cytoplasm. Herpes simplex virus type I and II specific deoxythymidine kinases
      were purified by affinity column chromatography. Both purified deoxythymidine
      kinases retained the deoxycytidine kinase activity present in the crude
      preparation. The purified herpes simplex virus type I deoxythymidine kinase had a
      different mobility on electrophoresis, but the same sedimentation rate on a
      glycerol gradient as the corresponding unpurified enzyme, whereas the purified
      herpes simplex virus type II deoxythymidine kinase had the same mobility and
      sedimentation rate as the corresponding unpurified enzyme. In the presence of
      Mg2+ATP and dithiothreitol, herpes simplex virus type II deoxythymidine kinase
      was more stable than herpes simplex virus type I deoxythymidine kinase at both 45
      degrees and 4 degrees. The deoxycytidine kinase activity present in the purified
      preparations was inactivated at the same rate as the deoxythymidine kinase
      activity. In the presence of the other substrate, deoxythymidine, herpes simplex
      virus type I deoxythymidine kinase was more stable than herpes simplex virus type
      II kinase. The purified herpes simplex virus type I and II deoxythymidine kinase
      had different activation energies when Mg2+ATP and deoxythymidine were used as
      substrates, but showed the same sensitivity toward ammonium sulfate inhibition.

PMID- 177417
TI  - Involvement of the glucose enzymes II of the sugar phosphotransferase system in
      the regulation of adenylate cyclase by glucose in Escherichia coli.
AB  - The nature of the interaction of glucose with toluene-treated cells of
      Escherichia coli leading to inhibition of adenylate cyclase was examined by the
      use of analogues. Those analogues with variations of the substituents about
      carbon atoms 1 or 2 (e.g. alpha-methylglucoside or 2-deoxyglucose) are
      inhibitory, and they are also substrates of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent
      sugar phosphotransferase system. Analogues with changes in other parts of the
      molecule (e.g. 3-O-methylglucose or galactose), L-glucose and several
      disaccharides and pentoses, do not inhibit adenylate cyclase and are not
      substrates of the phosphotransferase system. This correlation suggests some
      functional relationship between the adenylate cyclase and phosphotransferase
      systems. Further studies were done with mutants defective in glucose enzymes II
      of the phosphotransferase system (designated GPT and MPT); these two activities
      are measured by phosphorylation of alpha-methyl-glucoside and 2-deoxyglucose,
      respectively. The wild-type parent phosphorylates both analogues, and both
      inhibit adenylate cyclase. In the GPT- mutant, alpha-methylglucoside does not
      inhibit adenylate cyclase and is not phosphorylated, while 2-deoxyglucose is
      inhibitory and phosphorylated. In the GPT- MPT- double mutant, adenylate cyclase
      activity is present, but neither alpha-methylglucoside nor 2-deoxyglucose
      inhibits adenylate cyclase, and neither sugar is phosphorylated. These studies
      demonstrate that glucose inhibition of adenylate cyclase in toluene-treated cells
      requires an interaction of this sugar with either the GPT or mpt enzyme II of the
      phosphotransferase system.

PMID- 177419
TI  - The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-activated phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxylase from Pseudomonas MA. Correlation of allosteric properties with
      changes in the sedimentation behavior.
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Pseudomonas MA, grown on methylamine as a
      sole carbon source, has been studied with respect to some of its regulatory
      properties. The enzyme shows both negative and positive cooperativity with
      respect to the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate (Hill coefficients of 0.5 and 1.75).
      The enzyme requires a divalent cation for activity. Either magnesium or manganous
      ion is effective. While magnesium shows normal kinetics, manganous ion shows
      positive cooperativity with a Hill coefficient of 1.4. The enzyme is activated 50
      fold by 0.2 mM NADH at 1 mM phosphoenolpyruvate. This activation is hysteretic,
      showing a lag of 2 to 3 min. Both NADH and Mn2+ induce a change in the
      sedimentation coefficient of the enzyme from 12.4 to 8.5 as measured by sucrose
      density gradient centrifugation. High concentrations of phosphate or sulfate are
      capable of producing this effect on sedimentation, but neither will activate more
      than 3-fold. Thus, if NADH is an indicator of the total energy level of the cell,
      the enzyme appears to be susceptible to control by factors which reflect this
      total energy level. The importance of this control with respect to hypothetical
      pathways of carbon utilization in the organism is discussed.

PMID- 177420
TI  - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Requirements of the rat liver microsomal enzyme
      system.
AB  - Vitamin K is required in an enzymatic reaction which carboxylates glutamyl
      residues in a microsomal protein precursor of plasma prothrombin to form gamma
      carboxyglutamic acid residues. The partial requirements of this microsomal,
      vitamin K-dependent carboxylase system have been determined. A requirement of the
      system for cytosolic factors appears to be due primarily to the presence of
      reduced pyridine nucleotides or a reduced pyridine nucleotide-generating system
      in the cytosol. The hydroquinone of vitamin K has been demonstrated to be the
      enzymatically active form of the vitamin. When vitamin K1 hydroquinone is added
      to the carboxylase system, no NAD(P)H is needed for maximum activity. The
      carboxylase activity is half-maximally stimulated by 0.25 mug of vitamin K1/ml in
      the presence of cytosolic components but requires at least 10 times as much
      vitamin when microsomes are incubated in a cytosol-free buffer. Menadione is
      inactive as a vitamin source in this system, and the carboxylase activity is
      inhibited by the 2-chloro analog of vitamin K1 and by Warfarin. The ATP analog,
      AMP-P(NH)P, inhibited the carboxylase activity, but a dependence on exogenous ATP
      or an ATP-generating system could not be demonstrated. Carboxylase activity was
      found to be dependent on an O2-containing gas phase, and upon the HCO3-
      concentration.

PMID- 177421
TI  - Magnetic resonance study of the three-dimensional structure of creatine kinase
      substrate complexes. Implications for substrate specificity and catalytic
      mechanism.
AB  - The paramagnetic effects of the bound manganese ion and of a covalently attached
      spin label on proton nuclear spin relaxation rates have been used to calculate
      distances for a structural model of the MnADP and creatine complexed to creatine
      kinase from rabbit muscle. The nucleotide and guanidino substrates are so aligned
      on the enzyme that the transferable phosphoryl group on one substrate is in
      apposition to the acceptor moiety on the second substrate. The divalent metal ion
      is most probably liganded to the alpha and beta phosphates of the nucleotide
      substrate, both in the abortive MnADP-creatine-enzyme complex and in the active
      MnATP-creatine-enzyme complex. The metal ion-formate distance approximately 5 A
      in the Mn(II)ADP-formate-creatine-enzyme complex and less than 5 A in the
      Co(II)ADP-formate-creatine-enzyme complex is consistent with the suggestion that
      the monovalent anion is binding at the site normally occupied by the transferable
      phosphoryl group, thus producing a complex which mimics the transition state.
      Although only an upper limit of the distance from Mn(II) to the guanidino
      substrate could be determined in the presence of formate, it could be concluded
      that the disposition of the guanidino substrate changes upon addition of formate,
      since the relative distances of the methyl and methylene group are inverted. The
      effect of formate and nitrate on increasing the residence time of creatine in the
      MnADP-creatine-enzyme complex as determined by NMR provides evidence that the
      complexes observed by NMR are identical with those involved in the catalytic
      mechanism, since a parallel effect of formate and nitrate is observed in the
      kinetics of the enzymatic reaction, where the dissociation constant of creatine
      from the abortive quaternary complex decreases in the presence of the anions as
      had been determined from their inhibition of the forward reaction (Milner-White,
      E.J., and Watts, D.C. (1971) Biochem. J. 122, 727-740). Although the guanidino
      substrate is not directly liganded to the divalent metal ion, the electron
      paramagnetic resonance spectrum of manganese in the transition state analog
      complexes, i.e. nitrate-ADP-guanidino substrate-enzyme, is strongly dependent on
      catalytic activity of the guanidino substrate. The structural differences
      observed by EPR among transition state analog complexes with various guanidino
      substrates were not reflected in distances from Mn(II) to the guanidino
      substrate, which were 10% and 0.3% as active as creatine. Within the experimental
      error of 1 A, the distances were the same. The enzyme or the enzyme-substrate
      complexes may be considered to exist in a number of structurally distinct
      conformations in equilibrium based on the EPR spectra and on the anomalous
      temperature-dependence of the relaxation rates of the formate proton of the
      transition state analog complexes...

PMID- 177422
TI  - Characterization of a cytochrome P-450-dependent steroid hydroxylase system
      present in Bacillus megaterium.
AB  - Cell-free extracts from sonically disrupted Bacillus megaterium ATCC 13368
      hydroxylated a variety of 3-oxo-delta4-steroids in position 15beta in the
      presence of NADPH and O2. Ring A-reduced, aromatic and 3beta-hydroxy-delta5
      steroids did not serve as substrates for the 15beta-hydroxylase system. Using ion
      exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Ultrogel ACA-54
      it was possible to resolve the hydroxylase system into three proteins: a strictly
      NADPH-dependent FMN-containing (megaredoxin reductase), an iron-sulfur protein
      (megaredoxin), and cytochrome P-450 (P-450meg). The activity of the 15beta
      hydroxylase system was fully reconstituted upon combination of these three
      proteins and addition of NADPH. Megaredoxin had an apparent sulfur to iron ration
      of 0.98 and showed g-signals at 1.90, 1.93, and 2.06 when analyzed by electron
      paramagnetic reso0 times and the preparation contained 1 to 2 nmol of cytochrome
      P-450 per mg of protein. This preparation of cytochrome P-450meg sedimented as a
      homogeneous zone on sucrose gradients with a sedimentation coefficient of 3.3 S
      and contained 0.94 nmol of heme per nmol of cytochrome P-450. The oxidized form
      of cytochrome P-450meg showed absolute absorption maxima at 416, 528, and 565 nm
      whereas the reduced form showed maxima at 411 and 542 nm. The following scheme is
      suggested for the electron transport in the 15beta-hydroxylase system in B.
      megaterium: NADPH leads to megaredoxin reductase leads to megaredoxin leads to
      cytochrome P-450meg.

PMID- 177423
TI  - Beta-Galactosidase messenger RNA made during recovery from inhibition of protein
      synthesis is not translated.
AB  - Bacteria that accumulate RNA in the course of inhibition of protein synthesis are
      impaired in their ability to synthesize beta-galactosidase during subsequent
      recovery. By contrast, constitutive enzyme synthesis in recovering cells is
      normal. Even though no beta-galactosidase is made during recovery from this
      inhibition, a substantial quantity of beta-galactosidase mRNA (as determined by
      DNA-RNA hybridization) is made. The beta-galactosidase mRNA made in vivo is
      functional in vitro. It is capable of directing the in vitro synthesis of a
      portion of the NH2-terminal beta-galactosidase molecule (in the alpha portion of
      the molecule). However, this protein is not made in vitro. It is concluded that
      the beta-galactosidase mRNA that is made during recovery from protein synthesis
      inhibition, although apparently at least partly normally transcribed in vivo and
      functional in vitro cannot be translated under these conditions in vivo.

PMID- 177424
TI  - Stoichiometry of carbon monoxide binding by cytochrome c oxidase.
AB  - The stoichiometry of carbon monoxide binding to beef heart cytochrome c oxidase
      has been reinvestigated both by titration of the reduced oxidase with CO and by
      measuring the amount of carboxyhemoglobin that is formed after adding
      oxyhemoglobin to a solution of the CO-enzyme complex. In the titration
      experiments the ratio of CO bounds to total heme a present was always less than
      0.50 while in the experiments where oxyhemoglobin was added the results were
      variable and of lower accuracy. These observations do not agree with the recent
      conclusion of Volpe, J.A., O'Toole, M.C., and Caughey, W.S. (1975) Biochem.
      Biophys. Res. Commun. 62, 48-53 that CO is bound in a 1:1 ratio with heme a. An
      explanation for their results is suggested.

PMID- 177425
TI  - The management of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities.
AB  - Of fifty-four patients with a soft-tissue sarcoma of an extremity, having a
      projected five-year survival rate of 62 per cent, forty-six treated by an 
      "adequate" surgical procedure (either radical local resection or ablation at an
      appropriate level, depending on defined circumstances) had a local recurrence
      rate of 2 per cent. In the other eight patients, whose surgical procedures were
      not adequate for one reason or another, the local recurrence rate was 100 per
      cent. The combined recurrence rate after both the adequate and the inadequate
      procedures was 16.7 per cent. The recurrences were noted prior to thirty months
      post-operatively and the metastases, prior to sixty months. Histogenesis of the
      sarcoma, one or more recurrences after previous operations, and treatment by an
      immediate definitive procedure at the time of biopsy and diagnosis by frozen
      section had no significant relationship to the rates of local recurrence or
      metastasis. Adequate radical local resection controlled these sarcomas as well as
      ablative surgery in terms of local recurrence and metastasis. The significant
      factors affecting local recurrence that were identified in this study were the
      location of the sarcoma and the adequacy of the surgical procedure.

PMID- 177426
TI  - Exfoliative cytology interpretation of synovial fluid in joint disease.
AB  - Criteria for the specific diagnoses of the several arthritides, on the basis of
      exfoliative cytology examination of fluids aspirated from diseased joints, were
      derived from examinations of 126 specimens of synovial fluid. They were screened
      cytologically and wholly on the basis of the cytological findings were classified
      into seven groups: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, traumatic arthritis,
      gouty arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, pigmented villonodualr synovitis, and septic
      arthritis. The cytological features of each group appeared relatively constant
      and reproducible. Subsequent comparison of the clinical and cytological diagnoses
      showed excellent correlation.

PMID- 177427
TI  - Tumor-induced osteomalacia and rickets: a surgically curable syndrome. Report of
      two cases.

PMID- 177428
TI  - The Budd-Chiari syndrome: angiography and its complications.
AB  - Four patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome are presented. Hepatic venography and
      inferior vena cavography confirmed the diagnosis in these patients. Angiography
      was used to evaluate the liver and the superior mesenteric and portal venous
      drainage. Contrast medium complications, ranging from nausea to renal shut-down
      and death, were encountered in three of these patients, an unusually high number
      of angiographic complications. The role of angiography in the Budd-Chiari
      syndrome is assessed.

PMID- 177429
TI  - Membrane behavior of exocytic vesicles. II. Fate of the trichocyst membranes in
      Paramecium after induced trichocyst discharge.
AB  - A specific exocytic process, the discharge of spindle trichocyts of Paramecium
      caudatum, was examined by means of the electron microscope. This exocytosis is
      induced by an electric shock simultaneously in nearly all of the trichocysts (ca.
      6,000-8,000) of a single cell. Single paramecia were subjected to the shock and
      then fixed at defined times after the shock so that the temporal sequence of the
      pattern of changes of the trichocyst membranes after exocytosis could be studied.
      The trichocyst vacuoles fuse with the plasma membrane only for the length of time
      required for expulsion to take place. After exocytosis, the membrane of the
      vacuole does not become incorporated into the plasma membrane; rather, the
      collapsed vacuole is pinched off and breaks up within the cytoplasm. The membrane
      vesiculates into small units which can no longer be distinguished from vesicles
      of the same dimensions that exist normally within the cell's cytoplasm. The
      entire process is completed within 5-10 min. These results differ from the
      incorporation of mucocyst membranes into the plasma membrane as proposed for
      Tetrahymena.

PMID- 177430
TI  - Subcellular localization of B apoprotein of plasma lipoproteins in rat liver.
AB  - Multispecific antigen-binding fragments (Fab) from rabbit antisera against rat
      very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and Fab against rat low density lipoproteins
      that were monospecific for the B apoprotein were conjugated to horseradish
      peroxidase. Conjugates were incubated with 6-mum frozen sections from fresh and
      perfusion-fixed livers and with tissue chopper sections (40 mum thick) from
      perfusion-fixed livers. In the light microscope, specific reaction product was
      present in all hepatocytes of experimental sections as intense brown to black
      spots whose locations corresponded to the distribution of the Golgi apparatus:
      along the bile canaliculi, near the nuclei, and between the nuclei and bile
      canaliculi. Perfusion fixation with formaldehyde produced satisfactory
      ultrastructural preservation with retention of lipoprotein antigenic
      determinants. In the electron microscope, patches of cisternae and ribosomes of
      the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and particularly its smooth-surfaced ends,
      vesicles located between the rough ER and the Golgi apparatus, the Golgi
      apparatus and its secretory vesicles and VLDL particles in the space of Disse all
      bore reaction product. The tubules and vesicles of typical hepatocyte smooth ER
      did not contain reaction product, nor did the osmiophilic particles contained
      therin. The localization obtained in this study together with other evidence
      suggests a sequence for the biosynthesis of VLDL that differs in some respects
      from that proposed by others: (a) the triglyceride-rich particle originates in
      smooth ER where triglycerides are synthesized; (b) at the junction of the smooth
      and rough ER the particle receives apoproteins synthesized in the rough ER; (c)
      specialized tubules transport the particle, now a nascent lipoprotein, to the
      Golgi apparatus where concentration occurs in secretory vesicles; (d) secretory
      vesicles move to the sinusoidal surface where the particles are secreted into the
      space of Disse by fusion of the vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane of
      the hepatocyte.

PMID- 177432
TI  - Nucleotidase activity in regenerating liver and in clonal strains of hepatoma and
      pituitary cells in culture.
AB  - A nucleotidase of the combined 3'- and 5'-type (nucleotide phosphohydrolase,
      E.C.3.1.3.31) was present in the cytosol of regenerating rat liver cells, and of
      rat hepatoma and pituitary cells in culture. The enzyme activity per milligram of
      cell protein was very similar in regenerating liver and in three of the different
      cell types. The hepatoma cell strain which showed the slowest growth rate had a
      three-fold higher basal enzyme activity. After the first days of regenerative
      growth in rat liver and during early plateau phase of cell growth, there was a 50
      120% increase in specific enzyme activity. In the hepatoma cells, the enzyme
      activities were also compared to the cellular content and synthesis of RNA and
      DNA. The increase in enzyme activity occurred concomitantly with a reduced
      incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA. The possible physiological role of this
      nucleotidase in nucleic acid and nucleotide metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 177431
TI  - Characterization of cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes in the colorless alga
      Polytoma. I. Ultrastructural analysis of organelles.
AB  - Electron microscope studies have been made on the fine structure of the colorless
      biflagellate, Polytoma obtusum, with main emphasis on the structural organization
      of the mitochondria and the leucoplast. Both organelles have been demonstrated to
      contain DNA aggregates as well as ribosomal particles within their matrix
      material. Reconstructions from serial showed that (a) the mitochondria were
      highly convoluted and irregular in shape and size, and (b) the leucoplast was a
      single cup-shaped entity, with large starch grains, localized at the posterior
      end, and multiple sites of DNA aggregates. The starch-containing compartments
      appeared to be interconnected by narrow tubular or sheetlike bridges. Cytoplasmic
      invaginations into the plastid, often containing mitochondria, were of frequent
      occurrence, and membranes of mitochondria and the leucoplast appeared to be
      closely apposed. Membranes elements, both sheetlike and vesicular, were also
      present in the matrix. The Polytoma leucoplast was, in certain respects,
      morphologically similar to the plastids of various photosynthetic mutants of
      Chlamydomonas, most of which show Menedelian segregation. It is suggested that
      Polytoma arose from a Chlamydomonas-like ancestor, possibly through combined
      mutational processess of both chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Since Polytoma
      leucoplasts contain both DNA and ribosomal particles, it is probable that these
      organelles still possess semiautonomy and limited ability for protein synthesis.

PMID- 177434
TI  - SV40 transformation of mouse brain cells: critical role of gene A in maintenance
      of the transformed phenotype.
AB  - Brain cells derived from the NIH Swiss mouse strain have been established in
      tissue culture. Astrocytic neuroglial cells, identified by morphology and
      staining properties, predominate. The brain cell culture was successfully
      transformed with SV40 wild type virus and with a representative early (A239) and
      late (C219) mutant. When subjected to growth analysis the A239 transformant
      displayed selective loss of six characteristics of the transformed phenotype at
      the restrictive temperature (40.5 degrees C): doubling time, saturation density,
      ability to grow in low serum, efficiency of growth on plastic and on normal brain
      cell layers, and cloning in soft agar. Temperature shift experiment demonstrated
      the reversibility of the differences in saturation density. T-antigen was
      expressed at both temperatures. Alteration in uptake of 2-deoxyglucose was not a
      characteristic of the transformed phenotype. The cell lines may be utility in
      brain culture work and in studies on the mechanism of SV40 transformation.

PMID- 177433
TI  - Induction by short-chain fatty acids of alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured
      mammalian cells.
AB  - Short-chain fatty acids, such as propionic, n-butyric,  n-butyric, n-valeric,
      isovaleric, n-caproic, and n-caprylic acids, induce alkaline phosphatase activity
      in cultured mammalian cells. Long-chain fatty acids have no similar effects. With
      B-6 cells (mouse X Chinese hamster cell hybrids), n-butyrate at 2 to 5 mM
      exhibits the greatest activity. Induction begins exponentially about 24 hours
      after addition of the fatty acid and continues over 48 hours. Studies on the
      inducing activity-structure relationship revealed the necessity of a carboxyl and
      an ethyl or longer alkyl group. n-Butyrate shows a marked synergistic action of
      induction when added along with other types of inducers: adenosine 3':5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cAMP) or 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Treatment of other cell lines
      with either n-buryrate, cAMP, or BrdU revealed a cell-type specific response
      pattern of alkaline phosphatase. The biological significance of this effect of
      short-chain fatty acids is discussed.

PMID- 177435
TI  - Separation of vitamin D metabolites and their analogues by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The separation of vitamin D3 metabolites and their analogues by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography was investigated using a Zorbax SIL column. Each metabolite
      can be separated effectively with a solvent consisting of 2% methanol-methylene
      chloride or gradient elution from 0.02% to 6% methanol-methylene chloride. The C
      24 epimers of 1alpha, 24-dihydroxy- and 1alpha,24,25-trihydroxy-vitamin D3 are
      resolved as their free forms, while the epimers of 24-hydroxy- and 24,25
      dihydroxy-vitamin D3 can be separated as their trimethylsilyl derivatives.

PMID- 177436
TI  - Study on the efficiency of support-coated open-tubular columns for steroid
      analysis.
AB  - Glass support-coated open-tubular columns for the analysis of steroids in
      biological samples were prepared with varous support materials. The
      reproducibility of the procedure of preparing the column was investigated and
      some fundamental chromatographic properties were studied.

PMID- 177437
TI  - Increased plasma protein binding and lower metabolic clearance rate of
      aldosterone in plasma of low cortisol concentration.
AB  - During ACTH or cortisol infusion in ten recumbent normal men taking
      dexamethasone, the metabolic clearance rate of aldosterone increased by 50% as
      plasma cortisol was raised from low (2 mug/dl) to high concentration (50 mug/dl).
      Since splanchnic blood flow did not change, a greater efficiency of removal of
      aldosterone must have occurred, by means of displacement of aldosterone from high
      affinity sites on plasma protein. At 37 C, equilibrium dialysis of low-cortisol
      plasma showed one-third of plasma aldosterone bound to albumin, and 24 to 28%
      bound to higher-affinity sites on other protein. As plasma cortisol increased, a
      progressively smaller fraction was tightly bound, approaching zero as transcortin
      was saturated with cortisol. The addition of large amounts of aldosterone to low
      cortisol plasma displaced 14C-cortisol from transcortin binding sites. The
      results support earlier evidence that a significant fraction of plasma
      aldosterone is bound to transcortin, from which it is readily displaced by
      cortisol, resulting in an increased metabolic clearance rate of aldosterone by
      making a larger fraction available for removal from plasma.

PMID- 177438
TI  - The hormonal activity of the postmenopausal ovary.
AB  - The origin of plasma sex hormones in postmenopausal women was studied by
      determining plasma levels under basal conditions, after ACTH stimulation, and
      after dexamethasone suppression, as well as after hCG stimulation. Values
      obtained in postmenopausal women were compared with values observed during the
      follicular phase of the cycle in young women on the one hand, and with values in
      ovariectomized women of postmenopausal age on the other hand. All sex steroid
      levels studied with the exception of estrone, were significantly lower in
      postmenopausal women than in young women during the early follicular phase of the
      cycle. In ovariectomized women only androgen levels (testosterone,
      androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, and to a lesser extent
      dehydroepiandrosterone,) were lower than in normal postmenopausal women,
      estrogen, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, and progesterone levels being similar. ACTH
      increased all plasma steroid levels except estradiol, whereas after
      dexamethasone, all sex hormone levels were significantly decreased. hCG
      stimulation finally caused an increase of borderline statistical significance in
      testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels. We have
      concluded from this study that the adrenal cortex is almost the exclusive source
      of plasma estradiol, estrone, progesterone, and 17OH progesterone and the most
      important source of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone; that the postmenopausal ovary
      appears to be responsible for about 50% of plasma testosterone and 30% of
      androstenedione levels; and that hCG stimulation with 5000 IU daily for 3 days,
      hardly influences steroid secretion by postmenopausal ovaries.

PMID- 177440
TI  - Acute administration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in man.
AB  - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D responses to oral doses of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
      were measured in healthy volunteers. Peak serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
      occurred 4 to 8 hours after doses of 1.5, 5, and 10 mug per kg of body weight.
      The mean increments above baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at 4
      hours were linear over this dose range. Following a single oral dose, serum 25
      hydroxyvitamin D levels fell to 33% of their peak values after one week. The
      serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D responses measured by competitive protein-binding
      radioassay were similar to the serum 3H responses exhibited by three volunteers
      who received simultaneous oral doses of 3H 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 14C
      cholecalciferol. The appearance of 14C in plasma was slower and less marked
      compared with 3H, probably reflecting a more rapid plasma clearance of the 14C
      cholecalciferol. The disappearance of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from the
      circulation of two volunteers following acute intravenous delivery of 1.0 mg of
      25-hydroxycholecalciferol was multiphasic over 10 days. 60% of the dose
      administered remained in the circulation 24 hours after the dose. When analyzed
      several days after single 10 mug/kg oral doses of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 4
      volunteers, the mean rate of decline to total serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was
      slow (t 1/2 = 22 days). When baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were
      subtracted, however, the apparent serum half-life of administered 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol was 12 days, similar to that reported after tracer doses
      of 3H-25-hydroxycholecalciferol. The rapid and predictable serum 25
      hydroxyvitamin D increases following the oral administration of 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol suggest its possible therapeutic advantages compared with
      vitamin D administration.

PMID- 177439
TI  - Pituitary-thyroid function in trophoblastic disease.
AB  - Pituitary-thyroid function was assessed in 12 patients with trophoblastic disease
      (4 hydatidiform mole, 3 invasive mole, and 5 choriocarcinoma). Thyroid
      stimulating activity was detectable, by means of the McKenzie bioassay, in 6
      patients (Group 1) but not in the other 6 patients (Group 2). In Group 1 serum
      thyrotropin (TSH) determined by radioimmunoassay was mostly undetectable and did
      not respond to the administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
      determined by radioimmunoassay was mostly undetectable and did not respond to the
      administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), while in Group 2 basal TSH
      was detectable in half of the patients and responded to TRH in all cases. Serum
      concentrations of total thyroxine (T4) (18.7 +/- 2.0 mug/100 ml, mean +/- SE),
      free T4 (4.9 +/- 0.04 ng/100 ml), total triiodothyronine (T3) (352 +/- 72 ng/100
      ml), and free T3 (0.57 +/- 0.11 ng/100 ml) in Group 1 were statistically greater
      than those in Group 2 (total T4, 9.2 +/- 1.0 mug/100 ml, free T4, 2.0 +/- 0.2
      ng/100 ml; total T3 156 +/- 20 ng/100 ml, and free T3 0.23 +/- 0.03 ng/100 ml).
      Free T4 and T3 fractions were within normal limits in both groups. After
      treatment of 5 patients in Group 1, the thyroid stimulating activity determined
      by bioassay dropped to undetectable levels, the serum concentrations of thyroid
      hormones decreased to normal limits, and TSH response to TRH became positive.
      These findings indicate that an abnormal thyroid stimulator, derived from the
      trophoblastic tissue, stimulated the thyroid hormone secretion from the thyroid
      gland and in turn suppressed TSH response to TRH in some patients with
      trophoblastic disease.

PMID- 177441
TI  - Modification of adrenal function by the anti-serotonin agent cyproheptadine.
AB  - The effect of the serotonin antagonist, cyproheptadine (Cypro), on metyrapone
      induced stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis was evaluated in nine normal
      subjects. The subjects underwent standard oral metyrapone tests (750 mg every
      four h, for six doses) while taking no medications and while receiving oral Cypro
      (4 mg every six h). Cypro administration caused a significant reduction in: 1)
      baseline 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OH) excretion (-31 +/- 7.2%), 2) the
      increase above baseline in 24 h 17-OH excretion on the day after metyrapone (-32
      +/- 4.9%), 3) serum 11-deoxycortisol concentrations 8 h (-45 +/- 5.5%) and 24 h (
      18 +/- 3.6%) after the first dose of metyrapone, and 4) plasma ACTH concentration
      8 h (-32 +/- 8.2%) and 24 h (-22 +/- 8.0%) after the first dose of metyrapone.
      When compared with the control test, Cypro administration did not alter: 1)
      baseline 17-ketosteroid secretion, 2) the fall in serum cortisol concentration
      while taking metyrapone, 3) the serum free metyrapone concentration, 4) cortisol
      metabolism, 5) the adrenal response to ACTH, and 6) assay methods for measurement
      of serum and urinary corticosteroids. Our data suggest that Cypro can reduce
      pituitary-adrenal responsiveness by reducing plasma ACTH concentrations. If Cypro
      acts as a serotonin antagonist, our data lends support to the idea that
      serotoninergic mechanisms are important in the control of pituitary ACTH
      secretion in normal human subjects.

PMID- 177442
TI  - The effect of administered ACTH on aldosterone metabolism and secretion.
AB  - To determine better the overall regulation of aldosterone by ACTH, the effect of
      administered ACTH on the aldosterone metabolic clearance rate (MCR), the
      excretion rates of tetrahydroaldosterone (THAldo), and the acid-labile conjugate
      (ALC) of aldosterone were studied in healthy male volunteers on a sodium intake
      in excess of 200 mEq/day. In 7 subjects, the aldosterone MCR increased
      significantly on the third day of ACTH treatment, as did the excretion of THAldo,
      but there was a decrease in the excretion of the ALC. One subject receiving ACTH
      for 6 days showed a steady increase in the aldosterone MCR on days 3 and 6 of
      treatment. In 2 of 3 subjects receiving ACTH treatment for 3-4 days, plasma
      aldosterone levels and plasma renin activity showed little change, whereas in 1
      subject, both plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity became suppressed.
      During ACTH administration there was a sustained increase in the excretion of
      THAldo, a metabolite formed in the liver, (in contrast to a decreasing excretion
      of the ALC which is made principally in the kidneys) which suggests that the
      increased aldosterone metabolism in response to ACTH occurred in the liver.
      Measurements made of the excretion of THAldo show that the ACTH stimulatory
      effect on aldosterone secretion may not be as transient as previously reported.

PMID- 177443
TI  - Presence of TSH receptor in thyroid neoplasms.
AB  - The nature of the TSH receptor in adenoma and carcinoma of the thyroid gland was
      studied using a radioreceptor assay technique. A membrane fraction of tissue
      homogenate was obtained by discontinuous sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation,
      and 125I-TSH, labelled by a lactoperoxidase method, was purified with a receptor
      adsorption method. Both the capacities and the association constants of high
      affinity receptors (4 x 10(9) M-1) and of low affinity receptors (0.073 x 10(9) M
      1) observed in the normal thyroid were almost identical to those of the thyroid
      of Graves' disease and those of thyroid adenoma. Although the two papillary
      carcinomas examined were found to have two kinds of TSH receptors, one of the
      carcinomas showed decreased association constants for both high affinity and low
      affinity receptors.

PMID- 177444
TI  - Radioreceptor assay for insulin.
AB  - A sensitive and simple radioreceptor assay (RRA) capable of detecting 10 muU/ml
      of serum insulin has been developed using the crude membrane fraction of guinea
      pig kidney and 125I-porcine insulin. Using this assay system, serum insulin
      during 100 g oral glucose tolerance tests in six males including one obese man
      was measured. The mean concentration of serum insulin increased from 19 muU/ml
      during fasting to maximum of 90 muU/ml after 60 min of glucose load and then
      gradually declined to 38 muU/ml by 180 min. The values obtained by the present
      RRA agreed well with immunoreactive insulin (IRI).

PMID- 177445
TI  - Receptor-active growth hormone in Laron dwarfism.
AB  - The hepatic radioreceptor assay for hGH has been applied to the detection of hGH
      in the sera of patients with high growth hormone dwarfism (Laron dwarfism).
      Substantial quantities of receptor-active hGH were found in the sera of all 7
      patients studied. In one patient, arginine infusion elicited a prompt increase in
      both immunoactive and receptor-active hGH. These observations suggest that
      circulating hGH in Laron dwarfism is biologically active and support the concept
      that the disease may be caused by a generalized defect in hGH receptors.

PMID- 177446
TI  - Progesterone binding by normal and abnormal human endometrium.
AB  - Cytosols from 75 normal, 36 abnormal, and 5 decidual human endometrial tissue
      specimens were assayed for the presence of a high affinity, progesterone-specific
      binding protein. Thirty of the normal and 15 of the abnormal samples were found
      to contain a binder which would form a high-affinity complex with progesterone
      but not with cortisol, 17beta-estradiol, testosterone, or 5alpha-androstane-3-,17
      dione. Incubation of cytosol with trypsin or incubation for 2 hours at 37 C
      abolished [3H]progesterone binding by these preparations, indicating the protein
      nature  and heat-lability of the binder. The average equilibrium constant of
      dissociation, Kd, of the progesterone-binder complex was 4.0 X 10(-10)M in each
      phase of the menstrual cycle. The concentration of the binder varied over the
      cycle, however, with a significant peak at mid-cycle (P = .02). The average
      saturation values in femtomoles (fmoles)/mg protein ranged from 21 in the early
      proliferative phase to 64 in the late proliferative samples, dropping to 36 in
      early secretory and to 3 in the late secretory phase of the cycle. No
      progesterone-specific binding was detected in decidual samples. Saturable binding
      was demonstrable in 10 of 22 endometrial hyperplasias, 80-1840 fmoles/mg protein,
      with high affinity, Kd 3.3 X 10(-10)M. Two other hyperplasia samples bound
      progesterone, but with lower affinity. Two grade I adenocarcinomas, one grade III
      adenosquamous carcinoma, and one grade III adenocarcinoma contained the
      progesterone binder, but in 9 other cancers no detectable binder was present. A
      benigh adenocanthomyoma was found to contain a progesterone binder (18 fmoles/mg
      protein with a Kd of 2.5 X 10(-10)M).

PMID- 177447
TI  - Impaired LH release following exogenous estrogen administration in patients with
      amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome.
AB  - Serum gonadotropin levels were determined in 10 patients with the amenorrhea
      galactorrhea syndrome before and following acute iv administration of synthetic
      LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) or conjugated estrogens, in order to clarify the
      hypothalamic derangements in the gonadotropin secretion in patients with
      hyperprolactinemia. The basal prolactin (PRL) levels were elevated in all the
      patients, and blunted responses to 500 mug of iv synthetic thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (TRH) injection were found in 9 out of the 10 patients. The basal levels
      of LH and FSH were subnormal in 2 and 3 patients, respectively, while those in
      the remaining patients were normal or slightly elevated. Normal or excessive
      responses of gonadotropins to 100 mug of iv LHRH were observed in most patients,
      9 for LH and 10 for FSH out of 10 patients. In 10 normal cyclic women at the mid
      follicular phase (D7-9) and 10 hypothalamic amenorrhea patients without
      galactorrhea, LH release was found 48 to 72 h after the iv injection of 20 mg
      conjugated estrogens (Premarin). This LH release following Premarin injection was
      completely abolished in the patients with amenorrhea-galactorrhea. These data
      seem to indicate that in patients with hyperprolactinemia, tonic secretion of
      gonadotropin is maintained fairly well, while of the positive feedback effect of
      Premarin on the release of LH is impaired. It is suggested that impaired LH
      release may be partly responsible for anovulation and amenorrhea in patients with
      hyperprolactinemia.

PMID- 177448
TI  - Impaired release of parathyroid hormone in magnesium deficiency.
AB  - Parathyroid hormone release and end-organ responsiveness to parathyroid extract
      (PTE) were evaluated in a 25-year-old woman with magnesium deficiency associated
      with hypocalcemia and inappropriately low levels of serum  immunoreactive
      parathyroid hormone (iPTH). End-organ responsiveness to PTE was demonstrated by
      increases in serum calcium and in urinary phosphorus, cyclic AMP, and
      hydroxyproline. When the serum calcium was increased from a baseline of 6.9
      mg/100 ml to levels of 8.0 mg/100 ml and higher by calcium infusion, the serum
      iPTH decreased from the low normal range to below the limits of detectability.
      The intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg of body weight of magnesium led to an
      abrupt and striking increase in circulating iPTH with a 2-fold increase in one
      minute, a 6-fold increase in two minutes, and an 8-fold increase in five minutes.
      The very rapid increase in serum iPTH produced by magnesium infusion in this
      study suggests an effect of magnesium on hormone secretion rather than an effect
      on hormone synthesis. The evidence provided by this investigation indicates that
      the release of parathyroid hormone is impaired in magnesium deficiency and that
      the level of circulating calcium required for the suppression of parathyroid
      hormone secretion is lower than that in normal subjects.

PMID- 177450
TI  - Urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in children of
      different ages.
AB  - The urinary excretion of cyclic AMP was investigated in 97 healthy children, 3
      months to 16 years old. When the excretion was expressed as mumol/24 h an
      increase with age (r = 0.693, P less than 0.001) and an increase with body weight
      (r = 0.700, P less than 0.001) were found to be quite similar. In relation to
      surface area, the average excretion for children up to 91/2 years old was 4.45 +/
      1.71 mumol/m2 in constrast with 2.22 +/- 0.66 mumol/m2  in older children (P
      less than 0.001). The decline appears to be associated with approaching puberty.
      When cAMP excretion was related to urinary creatinine, an inverse correlation
      with age was found (r = -0.772, P less than 0.001). In the youngest category, 3
      months to 4 years old, the ratio was 9.26 +/- 1.49 mumol/g creatinine vs 4.67 +/-
      1.05 mumol/g creatinine in the age group 12 to 16 years old (P less than 0.001),
      which compares closely with the normal adult average of 4.34 +/- 1.25 mumol/g
      creatinine found in our previous study. Throughout there was no evidence of sex
      differentiation.

PMID- 177449
TI  - A reconsideration of a thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin as the cause of
      hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease.
AB  - Several assays for thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in the blood in patients
      with Graves' disease have been described recently; depending upon the method,
      different names have been used and distinct entities thus implied. Using an
      increase in cyclic AMP in the human thyroid slice after 2 h of incubation as an
      index of thyroid stimulation, we identified thyroid-stimulating activity in all
      of an unselected series of sera from 11 patients with hyperthyroidism of Graves'
      disease, but long-acting thyroid stimulator, by mouse bioassay, in only three.
      The theory is proposed that the thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin is probably
      present in all such patients; it may be seen as a polyclonal antibody to a single
      human antigen that has a variable cross-reaction with a corresponding thyroid
      antigen in the mouse and in other species.

PMID- 177451
TI  - Viral antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute central nervous
      system infections.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera from 129 patients of a study population of 139
      were tested for antibody to herpes simplex, measles,and mumps viruses. Herpes
      simplex virus antibody was found in three of five patients with laboratory
      confirmed herpes simplex infection and in eight patients without serological or
      virological evidence of current infection with this or other common neurotropic
      visuses. Eleven of the 139 patients were studied for antibody to lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis (LCM) virus. Eight of these had laboratory-confirmed LCM
      infection, and antibody was detected in the CSF of five of them. In one of these
      five, complement-fixing antibody appeared earlier in the CSF than in the blood.
      Assay of LCM virus antibody in the CSF may thus indicate infection with LCM virus
      more rapidly than serological and virological studies. The diagnostic and the
      possible prognostic significance of herpes simplex visus antibody in CSF remains
      to be ascertained.

PMID- 177452
TI  - Exposure of thyroid slices to thyroid-stimulating hormone induces refractoriness
      of the cyclic AMP system to subsequent hormone stimulation.
AB  - These studies evaluated the influence of an initial exposure of thyroid slices to
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on the subsequent responsiveness to the
      hormone. Bovine thyroid slices were incubated with or without 50 mU/ml TSH for
      varying periods and then incubated in hormone-free medium for varying periods.
      Subsequently, slices were incubated for 20 min with 10 mM theophylline and with
      or without TSH. Cylic AMP was measured after the third incubation.
      Phosphodiesterase and adenylate cylase were assayed in homogenates prepared from
      slices after the second incubation. In some experiments prostaglandin E1,
      puromycin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine and propylthiouracil were included in
      the media. In other experiments, low does of TSH (1 AND 10 mU/ml) were used
      instead of 50 mU/ml. Slices previously exposed to TSH have decreased
      responsiveness of the adenylate cyclase-cylic AMP system. Such refractoriness is
      hormone specific since initial exposure to prostaglandin E1 decreases the
      subsequent response to this substance but not to TSH. Refractoriness to TSH
      develops only when the first incubation is at least 30 min. It is not reversed by
      5 h of incubation without hormone. Incubation of thyroid slices with puromycin
      does not eliminate refractoriness. The decreased response to TSH cannot be
      explained by release of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, or iodide from the slices.
      Phosphodiesterase activity is not increased during the refractory period. The
      decreased cyclic AMP response to TSH is associated with diminished response of
      adenylate cyclase activity to the hormone. Guanosine triphosphate (1 mM)
      increased adenylate cyclase activity in both control and TSH treated tissue, but
      the effect was significantly less in the latter. Although with guanosine
      triphosphate, TSH increased adenylate cyclase activity in TSH treated tissue, the
      enzyme activity was still less than that present in control tissue incubated with
      guanosine triphosphate and TSH. NaF caused an equivalent stimulation of adenylate
      cyclase in both control and TSH treated tissue. These results suggest that the
      refractoriness represents an alteration in hormone binding or the coupling of the
      bound hormone to the adenylate cyclase activity rather than any modification of
      the catalytic site of the enzyme.

PMID- 177453
TI  - Decreased insulin binding to adipocytes and circulating monocytes from obese
      subjects.
AB  - Insulin binding to isolated adipocytes from 16 normal and 14 obese patients was
      studied. The data indicated that, as a group, adipocytes from the obese patients
      bound significantly less insulin than normal. However, of the 14 obese patients,
      5 were not hyperinsulinemic and 4 of these 5 subjects had normal insulin binding.
      These subjects were also younger, and had the onset of obesity in childhood. When
      these five patients were separated from the original 14 obese patients, enhanced
      differences in insulin binding to adipocytes were observed when normals and the
      remaining 9 obese subjects were compared. Similar findings were obtained with
      isolated circulating mononuclear cells from these same patients. Presumably the
      five normoinsulinemic obese patients were not insulin-resistant, and, thus, the
      data indicate that insulin binding to adipocytes was decreased only in insulin
      resistant obese patients. This conclusion was strengthened by finding a highly
      significant correlation (r=-0.71, p less than 0.001) between insulin binding to
      adipocytes and fasting plasma insulin level, while a weaker correlation (r=
      0.49,p less than 0.01) existed between insulin binding and degree of obesity.
      Finally, when insulin binding to adipocytes and mononuclear cells from the same
      individual was compared, a significant positive correlation was found (r=0.53,p
      less than 0.01). IN CONCLUSION: (a) insulin binding to adipocytes and mononuclear
      cells is decreased in cells from insulin-resistant obese patients; (b) a
      significant inverse relationship exists between fasting plasma insulin level and
      insulin binding to adipocytes; and (c) in obesity, events that affect insulin
      receptors on adipocytes similarly affect insulin receptors on mononuclear cells.

PMID- 177455
TI  - The differential impact of work-oriented vs. communication-oriented juvenile
      correction programs upon recidivism rates in delinquent males.
AB  - This study examined recidivism rates in work-oriented (N = 30) and communication
      oriented (N = 30) juvenile delinquency programs for males. Both groups were
      matched for age, ethnic origin, educational achievement, and reading scores. Chi
      square analyses indicated significant differences in recidivism rates between
      groups in both residential (chi2 - 6.71, df = 1, p less than .01) and aftercare
      (chi2 = 3.89, df = 1, p less than .05) programs. In each phase of the treatment
      program, recidivism was highest in the work-oriented group. The results suggested
      that (a) facilitation of family interaction and communication is related closely
      to successful treatment of the delinquent and consequent recidivism; (b) group
      counseling that provides the youth and parents an opportunity to learn better
      communication skills appears to improve family cohesion and solidarity; and (c)
      newer therapeutic approaches in delinquency should concentrate on filial and
      family-type therapies.

PMID- 177454
TI  - Dihydrotestosterone binding by cultured human fibroblasts. Comparison of cells
      from control subjects and from patients with hereditary male
      pseudohermaphroditism due to androgen resistance.
AB  - Dihydrotestosterone binding was measured in culture fibroblasts from 14 control
      subjects and from 12 patients with five different types of hereditary male
      pseudohermaphroditism. Two assays of binding were used--an intact monolayer assay
      and density gradient centrifugation of cell extracts. In the intact monolayer
      assay of normal cells the uptake of [3H]dihydrotestosterone consisted of two
      components. The first was a high affinity component that exhibited saturation at
      approximately 1 nM dihydrotestosterone. The second was a low affinity component
      that was not saturable with concentrations of steroid up to 5 nM. Twice the
      number of high affinity binding sites were present in fibroblasts grown from
      genital skin (foreskin, labia majora, and scrotum) as from nongenital sites (37
      vs. 14 fmol/mg protein). In the density gradient assay in 5-10% sucrose, the
      major peak of dihydrotestosterone binding was in the 8S region in low molarity
      buffer and in the 4S region in 0.5 M KCl. High affinity binding was normal in
      cells from two patients with familial incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism, type
      2, an autosomal recessive defect in which dihydrotestosterone formation is
      deficient, and in cells from a patient with male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17
      beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, an autosomal recessive defect of
      testosterone synthesis. High affinity binding was low by both methods in
      fibroblasts from five patients with complete testicular feminization.
      Furthermore, binding by both methods was also low in cells from three subjects
      with familial incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism, type 1, a presumed X-linked
      recessive disorder of androgen resistance, and in fibroblasts grown from a
      subject with the incomplete form of testicular feminization. The finding that
      dihydrotestosterone binding is abnormal in two forms of hereditary androgen
      resistance in addition to complete testicular feminization suggests either that
      these disorders are the result of allelic mutations affecting the function of the
      androgen-binding protein or that normal dihydrotestosterone binding requires the
      participation of more than one gene product.

PMID- 177456
TI  - The binding of cyclic AMP to renal brush border membranes.
AB  - The binding of cyclic AMP to the proximal tubule luminal (brush border) membrane
      isolated from the rabbit renal cortex was studied. The rate of binding was
      dependent on temperature; at 37 degrees equilibrium was attained in 45 min,
      whereas at 0 degrees 120 min was required. The final levels of binding were
      identical. The binding of 3H-cyclic AMP was reversed by dilution or addition of
      unlabeled cyclic nucleotide. Debinding was markedly temperature sensitive.
      Binding was only partially saturable with respect to cyclic AMP concentration,
      apparently with more than one binding site. The cyclic AMP bound to the membrane
      was recovered unchanged. When bound to the membrane cyclic AMP was resistant to
      hydrolysis by endogenous membrane or exogenously added phosphodiesterase. The
      binding to the membranes was relatively specific for cyclic AMP, although other
      cyclic purine nucleotides inhibited, cyclic IMP greater than dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      greater than cyclic GMP. The renal membranes did bind cyclic GMP, but this
      binding was relatively non-specific. Hormones and drugs, that mediate cyclic AMP
      generation or renal function, as well as other compounds common to the proximal
      tubule were without significant effect on cyclic AMP binding. Binding was
      inhibited by sulfhydryl reacting agents and this inhibition could be blocked and
      partially reversed by mercaptoethanol.

PMID- 177457
TI  - LH and FSH stimulation of cyclic AMP in specific cell types isolated from the
      testes.
AB  - The direct effect of LH and FSH on cyclic AMP levels in specific cell types,
      isolated from the rat testes, was investigated in vitro. LH significantly
      stimulated cyclic AMP production in isolated interstitial cells and had only a
      slight effect on the isolated germ cells. FSH significantly stimulated cyclic AMP
      production in isolated seminiferous tubules, organ cultures of testes explants,
      and isolated Sertoli cells, with only a small response elicited in the germ
      cells. FSH had no effect on the cyclic AMP levels in interstitial cells and
      either freshly isolated or cultured peritubular cells. These data indicate that
      the Sertoli cells and interstitial cells are the main cell types in the testes
      which respond to FSH and LH respectively with increased cyclic AMP production. A
      possible slight effect of either hormone on the cyclic AMP level in the germ
      cells has not be ruled out.

PMID- 177458
TI  - Inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity by an endogenous
      factor.
AB  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity of several tissues of rat is
      inhibited by an endogenous factor isolated from rat adipocytes following exposure
      of these cells to agents that raise intracellular cyclic AMP levels. The
      inhibitory action was demonstrated with varying cAMP concentrations from 0.1-400
      muM. Enzyme from 10,000 X g supernatant of epididymal adipose tissue was
      inhibited approximately 2-3 fold more than the plasma membrane of adipocytes by a
      given concentration of the feedback regulator. Kinetic analysis of cAMP
      phosphodiesterase of plasma membrane showed that feedback regulator (8.8 U/ml)
      inhibited the Vmax 48%. The maximum inhibition of phosphodiesterase by feedback
      regulator (20 U/ml) was about 80%. The apparent Km for cAMP was increased. The
      ability of phosphodiesterase from several tissues of rat (10,000 X g supernatant)
      to hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP was tested. Feedback regulator inhibited cGMP
      hydrolysis in cardiac muscle and 5 other tissues 23-92% more than it inhibited
      the hydrolysis of cAMP. The physiological significance of this inhibitory effect
      can begin to be clarified when the feedback regulator is purified to homogeneity
      and characterized.

PMID- 177459
TI  - The functions of cyclic AMP and calcium as alternative second messengers in
      parotid gland and pancreas.
AB  - Biochemical and ultrastructural studies of rat parotid gland slices have led to
      the identification of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and a cholinergic
      receptor, all operating within the same secretory cell. While cyclic AMP serves
      as the second messenger in the beta-adrenergic response of enzyme secretion, Ca++
      serves as the second messenger in the alpha-adrenergic and in the cholinergic
      responses which both lead to K+ release and water secretion. Ca++ also serves as
      a second messenger for the muscarinic cholinergic receptor in rat pancreas slices
      in which it causes enzyme secretion. Analysis of this information leads to the
      conclusion that neither the neurotransmitter, nor the receptor, nor the second
      messenger are unique for a certain type of response. The latter seems to be
      dictated by a component of the specific response pathway which is affected by the
      second or a subsequent messenger. By having different neurotransmitters operate
      the same response and a single neurotransmitter operate different responses
      diversity of control is achieved.

PMID- 177460
TI  - The effects of hormones on cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate accumulation in
      transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder.
AB  - Transitional epithelium lining rabbit urinary bladders was isolated and studied
      in vitro. The homogeneity of the isolated epithelium was demonstrated by light
      and electron microscopical monitoring as well as cell culture studies.
      Transitional epithelium responded to epinephrine and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in
      the presence of 2mM 1-methyl, 3-isobutylxanthine (MIX) with increases in
      intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP).
      Corticotropin, aldosterone, insulin, parathyroid hormone and vasopressin were
      slightly but significantly stimulatory under similar conditions. Glucagon and
      oxytocin were not stimulatory at the concentrations tested. The effects of
      epinephrine and PGE1 were potentiated by 2mM MIX 20-fold or greater. The cells
      were slightly more sensitive to PGE1 then to epinephrine. The prostaglandin
      produced a noticeable response at about 10nM, while effects of epinephrine were
      discernible at 0.1muM. Maximal responses to both effectors were seen at about
      10muM. The action of 10muM epinephrine, but not 10muM PGE1, was completely
      abolished by 0.1mM propranolol. Responses to combinations of epinephrine and PGE1
      were additive. Cyclic AMP accumulated in the incubation medium of transitional
      epithelial cells exposed to epinephrine, PGE1, MIX, or combinations of the
      agonists. The appearance of cyclic AMP in the medium was slow compared to the
      rate of intracellular accumulation, but reached significant levels following
      prolonged stimulation.

PMID- 177461
TI  - Femtomole sensitive radioimmunoassay for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP after 2'0
      acetylation by acetic anhydride in aqueous solution.
AB  - The sensitivity of radioimmunoassays for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP has been
      markedly improved to readily detect femtomole (10-15) amounts in tissue extracts
      by acetylating the cyclic nucleotides at the 2'0 position with acetic anhydride.
      Acetylation of cyclic nucleotides by acetic anhydride in aqueous solution
      proceeds more rapidly than the hydrolysis of acetic anhydride to acetic acid thus
      yielding 100% acetylated cyclic nucleotide. 2'0 substituted cyclic nucleotides
      have greater affinity for the antibody than the parent cyclic nucleotides because
      the antibody has been made to a protein conjugate coupled at the 2'0 position.
      This simple acetylation technique makes it possible to measure cyclic AMP and
      cyclic GMP in minute quantities of tissue without purification or concentration
      of the sample.

PMID- 177462
TI  - The effect of Ca++ on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of superior cervical
      ganglion.
AB  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase was examined in canine and bovine superior
      cervical ganglia. Activity in crude supernatant fractions was only slightly
      stimulated by Ca++ despite the presence of protein activating factor. Three forms
      of phosphodiesterase were resolved from bovine ganglia supernatant extracts by
      chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The first enzyme eluted, (DI), was almost
      completely specific for cyclic GMP, while the other two (DII and DIII),
      hydrolyzed both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP; all were free of heat-stable protein
      activator. Each enzyme was inhibited by low concentrations of Ca++ in the assay
      medium. Inhibition by Ca++ was reversed by addition of protein activator, but
      activity did not increase above the control level. Cyclic AMP hydrolysis by
      enzyme DII was stimulated by micromolar concentrations of cyclic GMP. This
      stimulation was reduced by Ca++ unless protein activator was present.

PMID- 177463
TI  - PGE1-mediated cyclic AMP refractoriness: effects of cycloheximide and
      indomethacin.
AB  - Human synoviocytes in culture respond to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) by increasing
      their intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP. Readdition of PGE1 to cells
      previously treated with PGE1 elicits no change in the intracellular concentration
      of cyclic AMP. This refractory state is partially prevented by the inhibitors of
      protein synthesis, puromycin (PM) and cycloheximide (CH). Indomethacin (IM),
      which reduces angiotensin tachyphylaxis, does not prevent the occurrence of
      refractoriness to PGE1 with respect to accumulation of cyclic AMP. This agent
      does alter the release of cyclic AMP from human synovial cells. We postulate that
      other factors, independent of new protein synthesis, are necessary for the
      development of the complete PGE1 refractory state in these cells.

PMID- 177464
TI  - Alterations in the hydrolytic activity, inhibitor sensitivity and molecular size
      of the rat erythrocyte cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase by calcium and hypertonic
      sodium chloride.
AB  - Hypertonic NaCl irreversibly reduced the sensitivity of the rat erythrocyte
      cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase to inhibition by Ro 20-1724 but not by papavarine.
      This effect could be prevented by 1 mM EDTA and mimicked by by CaCl2. The
      reduction in inhibitor sensitivity was associated with an increase in hydrolytic
      activity and a four-fold reduction in molecular weight as estimated by Sephadex G
      200 chromatography. The response to CaCl2, like that to NaCl, was time and
      concentration dependent and proceeded more slowly in 2 M NaCl. This concentration
      of NaCl contained sufficient Ca++ as an impurity to account for its effects on
      inhibitor sensitivity and molecular size. However, the initial and reversible
      increase in inhibitor sensitivity and hydrolytic activity obtained in the
      presence of EDTA, probably resulted from the high salt concentration, per se.

PMID- 177465
TI  - Prostaglandin synthetase activity and hormone responsiveness in normal and SV40
      transformed WI-38 fibroblasts.
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) synthetase activity and selective hormone responsiveness were
      examined in normal and SV40 transformed WI-38 fibroblasts (VA13-2RA). The
      transformed VA13-2RA cells have significantly reduced rates of PGE1, PGE2,
      PGF1alpha and PGF2alpha synthesis as compared to the normal WI-38 fibroblast. The
      transformed cell in contrast to the normal cell hyperresponds to stimulation by L
      epinephrine (10 muM) and PGE1 (8.5 muM) but is unresponsive to bradykinin (BK) as
      measured by the accumulation of intracellular cyclic AMP. Indomethacin treatment
      does not significantly alter the PGE1 and L-epinephrine (EPI) responsiveness of
      the normal WI-38 fibroblast, however it abolishes the BK response in these cells.
      These results provide further evidence for the dependency of cell activation by
      bradykinin on the PG synthetase system. No experimental data was found to support
      the role of PGs as negative regulators of PGE1 and EPI responsiveness in the WI
      38 fibroblast. Using the VA13-2RA cells, limited attempts to recover PG
      synthetase activity comparable to that found in normal WI-38 cells were
      unsuccessful. The VA13-2RA cell and its normal counterpart represent models for
      investigating the role of PGs in cell function and the mechanism of BK activation
      and its effect on cell metabolism.

PMID- 177466
TI  - Cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate and the regulation of lipolysis in rat fat
      cells.
AB  - The addition of the divalent cation ionophore A23187, carbachol, norepinephrine
      or insulin to rat fat cells elevated cyclic GMP. The increase in cyclic GMP due
      to these agents was greater at 4 than at 2 minutes after their addition. Cyclic
      GMP accumulation was also elevated by the addition of 0.1 to 0.5 mM sodium oleate
      in the presence of 0.1% albumin and by albumin containing added palmitate with an
      FFA/albumin molar ratio of 6.7. The rise in cyclic GMP due to all agents was
      markedly reduced in calcium-free buffer. The effects of the various agents on
      cyclic GMP accumulation in rat fat cells had little correlation with lipolysis.
      Insulin was an effective anti-lipolytic agent in both the presence and absence of
      calcium while neither A23187 nor carbachol had any effect on fat cell lipolysis.

PMID- 177467
TI  - Modulation of platelet cyclic nucleotide content by PGE1 and the prostaglandin
      endoperoxide PGG2.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin G2, the prostaglandin
      endoperoxide, on platelet cyclic nucleotide concentrations were measured in
      platelet rich plasma (PRP), and in washed intact platelets. PGE1 was found to be
      a potent stimulator of platelet cAMP levels in both PRP and washed cells, and to
      inhibit aggregation in both systems. PGE1 did not change platelet cGMP levels in
      either PRP or washed cells. PGG2 which is a potent inducer of platelet
      aggregation, did not affect either the basal cAMP or the basal cGMP
      concentration. However, PGG2 was found to antagonize the increases in cAMP
      content in response to PGE1 in both PRP and washed platelets. The addition to our
      system of a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhbitor, theophylline, did not
      change our findings. It is suggested that PGG2 may induce platelet aggregation by
      inhibiting PGE1-stimulated cAMP accumulation.

PMID- 177468
TI  - Growth of astrocytoma cells in the presence of prostaglandin E1: effect on the
      regulation of cyclic AMP metabolism.
AB  - Human astrocytoma cells (1321N1) in culture respond to pharmacological
      concentrations of prostaglandins and catecholamines with a marked increase in the
      accumulation of cyclic AMP. However, growth of 1321N1 cells in the presence of
      low concentrations (0.003 to 0.1 muM) of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) results in a
      marked reduction in the responsiveness of the cells-even to concentrations of
      PGE1 that normally stimulate maximal accumulation of cyclic AMP. Occasionally, a
      partial reduction in the responsiveness to catecholamines was observed in cells
      grown in the presence of PGE1. When it occurred this effect could be correlated
      with an increase in the cyclic AMP-degradation capacity of the cells. This loss
      of responsiveness to catecholamines could be completely reversed by 1-methyl-3
      isobutylxanthine, a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase activity in 1321N1
      cells. The consistently observed and more profound desensitization to the effects
      of PGE1 could  not be correlated with an increase in cyclic AM-degradative
      capacity. Accordingly, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine was only minimally effective
      in reversing desensitization to PGE1. It is concluded that the inability of
      1321N1 cells grown in the presence of PGE1 to accumulate cyclic AMP upon
      subsequent challenge with PGE1 is primarily due to a selective desensitization of
      the PGE1-activated adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 177469
TI  - On the accumulation of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate in Ehrlich cells and
      adenylate cyclase desensitization in response to epinephrine.
AB  - The time course of the action of epinephrine on cAMP levels in isolated mouse
      Ehrlich ascites cells was studied. Following the addition of hormone (10(-7) to
      10(-4) M), cAMP levels reached a maximum within 1 min and declined to about 2
      fold basal levels within 10-20 min. The decline phase was not due to the
      metabolism of epinephrine or accumulation of an inhibitor in the medium.
      Experiments involving timed additions of theophylline to epinephrine-treated
      cells suggested that the rate of cAMP synthesis declined progressively with time.
      Cells treated with epinephrine and then washed free of hormone were shown to be
      refractory to hormonal stimulation of cAMP levels. Adenylate cyclase prepared
      from epinephrine-treated cells was shown to exhibit decreased sensitivity to the
      hormone in in vitro incubations. Resensitization of the enzyme could be achieved
      by washing pretreated cells free of epinephrine and reincubating them for 1/2 to
      2 h. Neither desensitization nor resensitization were prevented by cycloheximide
      or actinomycin D. Desensitization could not be induced by incubating cels with
      dibutyryl-cAMP. The desensitization phenomenon is considered to be a mechanism
      whereby cells protect themselves against the possible harmful effects of high
      levels of cAMP maintained over a long period of time.

PMID- 177470
TI  - Acetaldehyde: an intermediate in the formation of ethanol from glucose by lactic
      acid bacteria.
AB  - Group N streptococci formed acetaldehyde and ethanol from glucose. As the enzymes
      aldehyde dehydrogenase, phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase were present
      this would enable these organisms to reduce acetyl-CoA to acetaldehyde and
      convert acetyl-CoA to acetyl phosphate and acetate. A pentose phosphate pathway
      which converted ribose-5-phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate was also
      present. Acetaldehyde could not be formed via the hexose monophosphate shunt or
      by direct decarboxylation of pyruvate, as the enzymes phosphoketolase and alpha
      carboxylase were absent. Phosphoketolase activity was induced in Streptococcus
      lactis subsp. diacetylactis after growth on D-xylose. Group N streptococci also
      contained an NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase which reduced acetaldehyde to
      ethanol while both NAD- and NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase activities were
      found in Leuconostoc cremoris.

PMID- 177472
TI  - Temporal summation and decay in hearing.

PMID- 177471
TI  - Detection and characterization of differences in plasma  corticoid response to
      treatments.
AB  - Ten experiments involving 3013 observations and 103 animals were studied to
      characterize variation associated with bovine plasma corticoid concentrations
      (ng/ml). Total corticoids, corticosterone, or cortisol were measured by
      competitve protein binding assay. Animals were noncystic or cystic, and
      measurements were made to establish basal concentrations or to estimate response
      to stimulation by adrenocorticotrophic hormone injection. Data were analyzed by
      least squares with the nested model: treatment regimen, animal in treatment,
      sample in animal in treatment, and sampling time to the highest order of
      regression (up to seventh) which was statistically significant (P less than .05).
      Estimates of error variances ranged from .31 for basal cortisol in cystic animals
      to 233.27 for total corticoids in noncystic, stimulated animals. Coefficients of
      variation among experiments ranged from 33 to 87% with mean 61%. In most
      analyses, estimates of experimental error were large indicating need for careful
      attention to experimental design to insure efficient least-cost experimentation.
      Use of the power function for nested analysis of variance to accomplish this is
      demonstrated.

PMID- 177473
TI  - Biochemistry of neomycin ototoxicity.

PMID- 177474
TI  - Growth, pulmonary, and endocrine function in chronic asthma patients on daily and
      alternate-day adrenocorticosteroid therapy.
AB  - Growth, pulmonary, and adrenal-pituitary function were assessed in 20 steroid
      dependent asthmatic children and adolescents while they were on daily prednisone
      therapy. The patients were then switched to equivalent daily methylprednisolone
      or twice equivalent alternate-day methylprednisolone for a 3-mo period, after
      which time studies were repeated. The steroid regimens were then crossed so that
      those patients taking daily methylprednisolone were switched to alternate-day
      therapy and the alternate-day therapy patients were switched to daily medication
      for another 3-mo interval, after which studies were repeated again. Abnormal
      growth, bone maturation, and cataracts were identified. Mean symptom scores at
      each evaluation were similar. Pulmonary function tests and shunt studies showed
      little difference between methylprednisolone and prednisone. Endocrine function
      tests showed a high incidence of disturbed pituitary and adrenal function. A 3-mo
      period of alternate-day therapy did not alter this.

PMID- 177475
TI  - Squalene biosynthesis. Role of the 3-methyl group in farnesyl pyrophosphate.

PMID- 177477
TI  - Letter: Synthesis of a protein with the properties of the apolipoprotein C-I
      (ApoLP-Ser).

PMID- 177476
TI  - Axial ligation modes in iron(III) Porphyrins. Models for the oxidized reaction
      states of cytochrome P-450 enzymes and the molecular structure of iron(III)
      protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester p-nitrobenzenethiolate.

PMID- 177478
TI  - Women in medicine and their identity.

PMID- 177479
TI  - Estrogen therapy intrahepatic cholestasis: Characteristics of high-risk patients.

PMID- 177480
TI  - Handicapped children in Sweden.

PMID- 177481
TI  - Potential source of the auditory nature of psychotic hallucinations.

PMID- 177698
TI  - Peroxidase-conjugate chromatography isolation of conjugates prepared with
      glutaraldehyde or periodate using polyacrylamide-agarose gel.
AB  - Fractionation abilities of polyacrylamide-agarose gel (Ultrogel) and dextran gel
      (Sephadex) column chromatography were compared in isolating horseradish
      peroxidase conjugates, prepared using two different methods. Utrogel AcA-44
      provides an efficient separation of monomer conjugated and nonconjugated
      immunoglobulins resulting from the two-step glutaraldehyde procedure, Sephadex G
      200 does not. Both types of columns eluted the polymer conjugates resulting from
      the periodate procedure in the void volume; these were hardly isolated from the
      small amount of monomer conjugate. Unreacted horseradish peroxidase, present in
      very low quantities after the efficient periodate method and in large amounts
      after the glutaraldehyde procedure, was separated by both gel types.

PMID- 177699
TI  - Characteristics of a virus causing a pox disease in sheep and goats in Kenya,
      with observation on the epidemiology and control.
AB  - The sheep and goat pox viruses isolated in Kenya are not host specific as in the
      Middle East and India. The virus strains from one species are of a similar
      pathogenicity for the other, and the same virus appears to occur in the field
      outbreaks in mixed flocks. A silent infection with no skin lesions occurs in the
      field outbreaks. The virus grows well in lamb testis cell cultures, it does not
      haemadsorb nor haemagglutinate and is ether sensitive. Most strains could not
      readily be adapted to grow on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs;
      one isolation only was made in this way. Staining of the virus inclusions showed
      that they were of DNA; the virus resembled that of lumpy skin disease in many
      characteristics. It was possible to cross-protect both species with virus of
      sheep or goat origin. A vaccine was made from tissue culture virus adsorped onto
      aluminium hydroxide gel and treated with formalin.

PMID- 177700
TI  - The response to oral poliovaccine in persons aged 16-18 years.
AB  - Serum neutralizing antibodies to polioviruses were titrated in serum samples from
      182 police cadets aged 16-18 years before and, in 168 of the cadets, 6 weeks
      after vaccination with a single dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV). Faecal
      excretion of poliovirus was also followed. Vaccination histories were obtained
      and confirmed whenever possible. Pre-vaccination antibody could not be detected
      against type 1 in 9-3% cadets, against type 2 in 2-7% and against type 3 in 7-7%.
      Absence of antibody to at least one virus type was found in 14-3% of the cadets.
      In 93 cadets in whom vaccination histories could be confirmed 40 had received
      only inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) previously; of these 23% lacked antibody to
      at least one virus type, and they had less intestinal immunity to a challenge
      dose of OPV than those previously given OPV. Only two of the cadets known to have
      had OPV were non-immune - both had received a single dose following full courses
      of IPV. However, cadets who had received OPV had their last dose of vaccine more
      recently (average 4-6 years) than those who had received only IPV (all 12 years
      or more). The serum antibody response to a single booster dose of OPV, and the
      faecal excretion of each type of virus after vaccination, showed an inverse
      relation to the corresponding pre-vaccination antibody concentration. A single
      dose of OPV did not reliably boost the immunity of those who possessed adequate
      immunity, and a failure to respond was also observed in a proportion of the
      cadets with no detectable antibody, mostly in the case of type 3 antibody and
      particularly if antibody to types 1 or 2 virus was also absent. No evidence was
      obtained that intestinal immunity could be expected in the absence of detectable
      circulating antibody. The reasons for the absence of a serological response to
      OPV in some subjects are discussed and consideration is given to the practical
      significance of the findings. It is suggested that reinforcement of polio
      immunity at school-leaving is important, particularly at the present time when
      many of those aged 16-18 years will have been vaccinated only with IPV. A single
      dose of OPV is not ideal for this purpose, not only because a small proportion of
      persons are liable to be left unprotected, but also because failure to produce a
      reliable boost in persons with adequate immunity at the time of vaccination gives
      rise to the possibility that they may become susceptible later in adult life.

PMID- 177701
TI  - Mouse or man? Which are pertussis vaccines to protect?
AB  - Type 1 strains of Bordetella pertussis can infect mouse brain and have been
      recovered as type 1 organisms after death. When introduced into the naso-pharynx
      of the marmoset, they immediately acquired agglutinogen 2 or 3, and the resulting
      type 1,2 or 1,3 infection persisted for many weeks. As in the child,
      agglutinogens 2 and/or 3 appear to be essential for infection of the marmoset,
      whereas they are quite unnecessary in mouse brain. A vaccine (extract or whole
      cell) containing agglutinogen 1 may be sufficient to pass the mouse protection
      test but it may fail to immunize children. The mouse test is inadequate even for
      the screening of such extracts.

PMID- 177702
TI  - The importance of agglutinin production in mice in the determination of the
      definitive serotype of Bordetella pertussis.
AB  - A schedule for the routine serotyping of strains of Bordetella pertussis based on
      agglutinin production in mice to the K-antigens has been worked out. Mice have
      been found as satisfactory as rabbits but far more economical for the production
      of the very small volumes of serum which are required. Agglutinin production,
      used in conjunction with direct agglutination, provides definitive information
      about serotype.

PMID- 177703
TI  - The serotypes of Bordetella pertussis isolated in Great Britain between 1941 and
      1968 and a comparison with the serotypes observed in other countries over this
      period.
AB  - Classification, by agglutinogens, of 634 isolates of Bordetella pertussis
      collected from 1971 to 1968 in Great Britain demonstrated that a change from a
      predominantly 1,2,0,4 serotype (75% of those examined during 1941-4) to a
      predominantly 1,0,3,0 serotype (73% of those examined during 1966-8) occurred
      sometime after 1953. Furthermore, evidence from the examination of isolates
      collected between 1941 and 1953 suggests that the change may have been gradual.
      Isolates of serotype 1,2,3,4 made up 20-30% of the total of our cross-country
      selection for the periods 1941-4, 1946-9, 1950-3 and 1966-8, but over shorter
      periods in individual areas the percentage varied from negligible to as high as
      half of those isolated. Results from other countries show a similar drift towards
      a 1,0,3 sertype but more often from a 1,2,3 than from 1,2,0 serotype. The value,
      in epidemiological studies, of extended information obtained by monospecific
      typing sera to all six, rather than only two or three agglutinogens, and
      confirmation of the results by agglutinin production is demonstrated: for
      instance not all 1,0,3 isolates were identical.

PMID- 177705
TI  - Indirect haemagglutination reaction (LH)-the method of choice for the detection
      of anamnestic antibodies to varicella - zoster (VZ) virus.
AB  - The method of indirect haemagglutination is a sensitive quantitative serological
      reaction for the detection of anamnestic titres of VZ antibodies. The curve
      obtained by the examination of a representative population sample has shown that
      the occurrence of VZ antibodies increases with the age so that 60% of children of
      under-school age and 90% of 15-year-old children have antibodies to varicella
      zoster virus. In adult age groups, seropositivity ranges between 90--100%. The
      incidence and level of antibodies are identical in both sexes and do not decrease
      in old age groups. The mean titre of indirect haemagglutinating antibodies was 1
      : 128.

PMID- 177704
TI  - The stability of the serotypes of Bordetella pertussis with particular reference
      to serotype 1,2,3,4.
AB  - Strains of Bordetella pertussis in which all the organisms contain agglutinogens
      1 and 3 or 1,2 and 4 are easy to identify as serotypes 1,0,3,0 and 1,2,0,4
      respectively; and similarly, stable strains of serotype 1,0,3,4 are occasionally
      found. During repeated subcultures, passage in vivo, and lyophilization and
      preservation for many years, these serotypes do not change. Mixing 1,0,3,0 and
      1,2,0,4 serotypes and culturing them together in vivo and in vitro produces
      cultures from which organisms of the same two serotypes can be isolated. In
      contrast, strains which type as 1,2,3,4 are often a heterogeneous group. We have
      attempted to classify these as "stable", "variable" and "mixed" cultures. Some
      strains comprise organisms all of which contain the four agglutinogens and are as
      easy to type as the strains described above. These we have called "stable"
      1,2,3,4 strains. Other 1,2,3,4 strains are made up of colonies possessing all
      four agglutinogens, as shown by agglutinin production, but in amounts varying
      from day to day so that direct typing is inconsistent. These we have called
      "variable" 1,2,3,4 strains. The last category, "mixed", is made up of organisms
      most of which give rise to stable 1,2,3,4 cultures; a few of the component
      organisms, however, have one or two of the four agglutinogens missing. The
      importance of the "variable" cultures is emphasized for work on apparent change
      of serotype, e.g. during infection.

PMID- 177707
TI  - Primary tumours of the salivary glands.

PMID- 177706
TI  - Localization of antibacterial activity and hydrolytic enzymes in subcellular
      fractions of rabbit and chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes of rabbits and chickens after homogenization in 0.34
      M saccharose or after multiple freezing and thawing were subjected to
      differential centrifugation at 150, 800, 10 000 and 50 000 X g. In the fractions
      obtained in this manner, total bactericidal activity as well as the activity of
      myeloperoxidase (E.C. 1. 11. 1. 7), catalase (E.C. 1.11.1.6), lysozyme (E.C.
      3.2.1.17), cathepsin D (E.C. 3.4.4.23) and E, beta-D-glucuronidase (E.C.
      3.2.1.31) and acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2) were determined. Antibacterial
      activity was found in all fractions from rabbit leukocytes, but only in the first
      fraction from chick leukocytes. The fractions from rabbit leukocytes contained
      all enzymes under study while in the fractions from chicken leukocytes the
      presence of myeloperoxidase, catalase or cathepsin E could not be demonstrated.
      The highest bactericidal activity was found in the second obtained from  the
      homogenate or rabbit leukocytes. The highest specific activity of myeloperoxidase
      and homogenate of rabbit leukocytes. The highest specific activity of
      myeloperoxidase and the lowest activity of cathepsin D were also demonstrated in
      this fraction. The addition of pepstatin to rabbit leukocytes before their
      disintegration resulted in the inhibition of the activity of cathepsin D and E
      and in an increase in the specific activity of myeloperoxidase as well as in
      total bactericidal activity in the individual fractions. These results testify
      that microbicidal mechanisms of phagocytes from individual species may differ and
      when the structure of lysosomes is damaged, the liberated hydrolytic enzymes may
      gradually inactivate antibacterial substances.

PMID- 177708
TI  - Angiofibroma of the nasopharynx.

PMID- 177709
TI  - Ultrastructural study of lesions induced in rabbit cornea by Herpes Simplex virus
      types 1 and 2.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 were used to infect rabbit corneas (without
      abrasion), and the resulting lesions were compared by light and electron
      microscopy. The type 1-induced lesion developed more quickly; the infected
      epithelial cells underwent a progression of defined morphological changes leading
      to organelle destruction, cell rounding, and death. Virus particles were abundant
      in the nuclei and cytoplasm of all types of cell in the epithelium, in
      intercellular spaces, and on the basement membrane. Occasionally, virus was seen
      to replicate within stromal fibroblasts. In contrast, type 2, although causing
      similar changes in the epithelial cells, was relatively inefficient in the
      production of mature virions. Thus type 2 nucleocapsids were synthesized within
      nuclei in numbers comparable to those of types 1, but intact cytoplasmic virions
      were uncommon, apparently because of degradation of type 2 virions in cytoplasmic
      vesicles or tubules. Extracellular type 2 particles were rarely seen. This
      finding offers an explanation for the relatively slow development of the type 2
      induced lesion, but not for its greater severity. All epithelial cells appeared
      to be capable of supporting replication of either type of virus.

PMID- 177711
TI  - Editorial: Hepatoma: a challenging disease.

PMID- 177710
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for
      rheumatologic disorders.
AB  - Evidence of cytomegalovirus infection was sought in 131 patients attending a
      rheumatology clinic, 211 blood donors, and 14 patients before and after the
      initiation of cytotoxic immunosuppressive therapy for a rheumatologic condition.
      The titer of complement-fixing antibody to cytomegalovirus was significantly
      related to age and sex, but not to rheumatologic disease. After adjustment for
      age and sex differences, the proportion of patients treated with corticosteroids
      who had measurable antibody was lower than that of controls (P less than 0.025).
      Immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine or cyclophosphamide did not affect
      the proportion of patients with antibody, but there was a significantly increased
      titer of antibody in those who were seropositive (P = 0.04). Cytomegalovirus was
      isolated from the urine of 20% of patients receiving cytotoxic immunosuppressive
      drugs, but not from any of the patients receiving corticosteroids or neither form
      of therapy (P = 0.001). Eight of 14 patients followed prospectively after the
      initiation of therapy with immunosuppressive drugs became infected with
      cytomegalovirus as demonstrated by a fourfold or greater rise in complement
      fixing titer, viruria, or both. Seven of the eight patients were seropositive
      before therapy, a finding suggesting that immunosuppression acts largely by
      reactivating latent infection. It is postulated that immunosuppressive agents
      alone may account for a large proportion of cytomegalovirus infections seen after
      allograft transplantation.

PMID- 177713
TI  - Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. VI. Genetically determined host differences in
      the replicating of encephalomyocarditis virus in pancreatic beta cells.
AB  - Beta cells were isolated from strains of mice that were susceptible and resistant
      to encephalomyocarditis (EMC) viral-induced diabetes mellitus. Beta cells from
      susceptible mice that were infected in vivo with EMC virus showed higher viral
      titers, more severe degranulation, and lower concentrations of immunoreactive
      insulin than beta cells from resistant mice. Immunofluorescence and infectious
      center assays revealed that pancreas from susceptible mice contained at least 10
      times more infected cells than pancreas from resistant mice. Beta cell cultures
      prepared from susceptible mice and infected in vitro also showed higher viral
      titers and more severe cytopathologic changes than beta cell cultures from
      resistant mice. In contrast to beta cell cultures, virus replicated equally well
      in primary embryo and kidney cell cultures from susceptible and resistant strains
      of mice. It is concluded that the development of EMC virus-induced diabetes is
      related to genetically determined host differences in the capacity of the virus
      to infect beta cells.

PMID- 177712
TI  - Mechanism of injury of virus-infected cells by antiviral antibody and complement:
      participation  of IgG, F(ab')2, and the alternative complement pathway.
AB  - Antibody-mediated C-dependent lysis of cell lines infected with herpes simplex
      type 1 virus, influenza A degrees virus, measles virus, and mumps virus occurred
      by the alternative C pathway with the participation of IgG antibodies. Lysis
      occurred only with immune human sera, Mg++ EGTA immune sera, and immune sera
      depleted of C4 or treated with Fab anti-C4. Lysis did not occur with nonimmune
      sera, Mg++ EDTA immune sera, and immune sera heated 50 degrees C for 25 min,
      depleted of factor B or treated with Fab antifactor B. Lysis was restored to
      heated and factor B immunodepleted immune sera by addition of factor B, but not
      by addition of an excess of C2. Further studies showed that lysis of HeLa cells
      infected with measles virus was induced by both immune IgG and F(ab')2 but not
      Fab' in the presence of a nonantibody-containing human C source. Lysis of measles
      virus-infected cells was also indpendent of movement of viral antigens on the
      surface of the infected cells, as inhibition of viral antigen capping by
      cytochalasin B or sodium azide was not associated with abrogation of immune
      lysis.

PMID- 177714
TI  - The effects of changing the phase and duration of sleep.
AB  - The relative effects of extended sleep, reduced sleep, and shifts of habitual
      sleep time on subsequent performance and mood were studied. Ten healthy male
      university students who regularly sleep 9.5-10.5 hr were the subjects.
      Measurements were obtained from a 45-min auditory vigilance task, a 5-min
      experimenter-paced addition task and a mood adjective check list 30 min after
      awakening, at midday, and in the evening following five
      electroencephalographically recorded nights of sleep. The experimental treatments
      compromised at 9.5-10.5 hr habitual sleep condition and four conditions in which
      the regular sleep period was lengthened, reduced, delayed, and advanced by 3hr.
      Following each 3-hr altered condition of sleep there was an equivalent decline in
      vigilance performance and in subjective arousal as measured by the mood scales.
      Together with other recent evidence, the present results support the hypothesis
      that acute disruption of the 24-hr sleep-wakefulness cycle produces degradations
      in human performance largely independent of total sleep time.

PMID- 177715
TI  - Variation in the effects of antidiuretic hormone on the isolated skin of the
      toad, Scaphiopus couchi.
AB  - The rate of active sodium transport as measured by short-circuit current across
      the isolated skin of the toad, Scaphiopus couchi, was elevated following
      vasopressin (0.2 units/ml) or arginine vasotocin (0.1 units/ml) treatment of
      skins from active animals at all times of the year tested. Skins from dormant
      animals showed no such elevation at any time of the year. The rate of active
      sodium transport was elevated following treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      (2.5mM) plus theophylline (10 mM) in all skins tested. The hydraulic conductivity
      of isolated skins from both active and dormant animals showed no significant
      change following treatment with vasopressin (0.2 units/ml) or arginine vasotocin
      (0.1 units/ml except on the first day following emergence from dormancy in the
      field. A correlation was, therefore, observed between the occurrence of a
      hydroosmotic response to antidiuretic hormones and the seasonal exposure of S.
      couchi to standing water. A small but significant elevation of hydraulic
      conductivity was observed across the skins of dormant toads following treatment
      with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (2.5 mM) plus theophylline (10 mM) whereas a
      substantial elevation was observed with the skins of active animals.

PMID- 177716
TI  - Forensic archaeology.
AB  - This presentation attempts to demonstrate the value of the use of improved
      methods in the excavation of buried bodies involved in a criminal investigation.
      Care in the removal of the skeleton and proper recording will document the
      interrelationship of all objects found in and around the grave and can, to a
      certain extent, recreate the event. Carelessness will result in evidence being
      irretrievably lost. The crime scene investigator's problem, arachaeologically,
      includes the nature of the remains, dating the time of burial, and techniques of
      excavation. Archaeological recovery techniques should be adopted in homicide
      investigation involving buried bodies.

PMID- 177717
TI  - Forensic anthropology and crimes involving children.

PMID- 177718
TI  - The state of the art of bone identification by chemical and microscopic methods.

PMID- 177719
TI  - A serological survey of antibodies to selected respiratory viruses of Taiwan.

PMID- 177720
TI  - The substrate constant for dissolved molecular oxygen of methanol-assimilating
      yeasts.

PMID- 177721
TI  - A comparison of molecular weights of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA fragments
      determined from lengths and s-rates.
AB  - A comparison was made of the calculated mol. wt. of RNA fragments from foot-and
      mouth disease virus (FMDV) types A12 strain 119, C3 Resende and O1 Brugge. The
      mol. wt. were calculated by two methods: from the measurements of strand lengths
      in the electron micrographs and from the observed sedimentation rates (s-rates).
      RNA extracted from virus by dialysis against water usually had three to four
      prominent strands of different lengths. Mol. wt. calculated from s-rates (and
      converted to strand lengths) generally agreed with those measured on electron
      micrographs. Differences which occurred appeared to be attributable to further
      breakage during processing for electron microscopy. Major fragment strand lengths
      range from 0-65 to 2-45 mum. The modal lengths of RNA fragments were preparation
      dependent, ranging from 1-25 to 1-95 mum for A12 119, 1-05 to 1-75 mum for C3
      Resende, and 1-65 to 2-45  mum for O1 Brugge. There was one fragment length 1-95
      mum common to all three types of FMDV RNA and several others which appear in at
      least two types. Calculations using the molar ratios of nucleotide residues in
      FMDV RNA, a mol. wt. of FMDV RNA of 2-65 X 10(6) and an internucleotide spacing
      of 3-17 A indicate that intact FMDV RNA should be 2-62 mum long and therefore
      would contain approx. 8270 nucleotides. The derived mathematical expression for
      the relationship between mol. wt. (M) and s-rate (S) giving the best fit for all
      data was M = 1725 S2-07, a result close to that derived by Spirin (1963) for
      other single-stranded RNAs.

PMID- 177722
TI  - Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in herpes simplex type 1 infected cells.
AB  - Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools were analysed in both exponentially
      growing and serum starved wild type BHK C13 cells and in a derivative of this
      cell line which lacks both thymidine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase activities,
      before and after infection with herpes simplex virus. Serum starved BHK cells had
      low levels of all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. In exponentially
      growing cells all pools were expanded, the pool of dCTP being largest and dGTP
      the smallest. The dATP and dTTP pools were of intermediate sizes. In
      exponentially growing deoxypyrimidine kinase free cells the pools, with respect
      to level and distribution, were the same as those observed in wild type cells.
      After infection with herpes simplex virus there were marked changes in the levels
      of all deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools; the most predominant being a 25-
      to 50-fold expansion of dTTP pool. The pools of dCTP and dGTP also increased
      while the pool of dATP was very much reduced. These effects could be observed in
      both wild type and mutant cells.

PMID- 177723
TI  - Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in cells infected with deoxypyrimidine
      kinaseless herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools were analysed after infection of cells
      with mutant herpes simplex virus which lacks the ability to induce the enzyme
      deoxypyrimidine kinase. After infection of exponentially growing BHK C13 cells,
      an increase in all four dNTP pools was observed. However, after infection of
      cells which themselves cannot incorporate exogenous pyrimidine deoxynucleosides
      only the purine deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools increased in size. In a system
      which is non-permissive for virus infection, i.e. resting BHK C13 cells which
      have been infected with dPyK-, HSV-1, there is an increase in all dNTP pool sizes
      except for dTTP. A comparison of the changes in dNTP pool sizes after infection
      with either wild type of dPyK- mutant HSV suggests an important role for dTTP in
      the control of both the production of the other DNA precursors and of viral DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 177724
TI  - The effect of tilorone hydrochloride on the growth of several animal viruses in
      tissue cultures.
AB  - Tilorone hydrochloride, at a concentration of 10 mug/ml inhibits the growth of
      herpes simplex virus type 1 in BS-C-1 cells. The growth of vaccinia virus in BS-C
      1 cells is partially inhibited; however, six viruses containing RNA, including
      four members of the togavirus group grown in chick fibroblasts, are not affected
      by the drug. The inhibition of the growth of herpes virus by tilorone
      hydrochloride is greater when the multiplicity of infection is lower than 1
      p.f.u/cell and when the drug is added early in the course of infection.

PMID- 177725
TI  - Inhibition of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates by poliovirus.
AB  - Addition of 1 X 10(10) p.f.u. purified poliovirus to 100 mul of a rabbit
      reticulocyte lysate protein synthesizing system causes a complete inhibition of
      initiation of protein synthesis. This inhibition is not due to the viral RNA nor
      to any contaminants of the preparation, but is most likely caused by the viral
      coat protein.

PMID- 177726
TI  - An improved assay for feline leukaemia virus pseudotypes of murine sarcoma virus.
AB  - An assay is described for feline leukaemia virus pseudotypes of murine sarcoma
      virus which increased the virus titre by about 100-fold over conventional assays.
      The titre is independent of dilution and no secondary focus formation occurs. The
      assay may be used to study virus neutralization and to detect and type feline
      leukaemia virus in feline embryo cells by interference.

PMID- 177727
TI  - Mutants of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 that are resistant to
      phosphonoacetic acid induce altered DNA polymerase activities in infected cells.
AB  - Three mutants of herpes simplex virus (HSV) have been isolated which form plaques
      in the presence of 100 mug/ml phosphonoacetic acid (PPA). All three mutants (3
      from HSV-1 strain 17 syn+, 14 from HSV-1 strain 17 syn, and 19 from HSV-2) induce
      viral DNA synthesis and viral DNA polymerase activity, and these are much less
      sensitive to PPA than the wild-type virus. The results support the hypothesis
      that PPA interacts directly with the viral DNA polymerase protein, at least part
      of which is virus coded.

PMID- 177728
TI  - Characterization of the minor polypeptides in the foot-and-mouth disease
      particle.
AB  - In addition to the four major polypeptides VP1 and VP4, foot-and-mouth disease
      virus particles contain two minor polypeptides, mol. wt. 40 X 10(3) (P40) and 52
      X 10(3) (P52). Extensive purification procedures failed to remove these minor
      polypeptides from the virus particles. Polypeptide P40 co-electrophoresed in SDS
      polyacrylamide gels with VP0, the probable precursor of VP2 and VP4 and was
      inaccessible to iodination in situ. The second minor polypeptide, P52, co
      electrophoresed with the virus infection associated (VIA) antigen found in large
      amounts in harvests of the virus grown in BHK 21 cells. Polypeptide P52 was shown
      to be located near the surface of the virus particle by iodination experiments
      and by its removal on incubating the particles with trypsin or chymotrypsin.
      Pactamycin mapping showed that this polypeptide was not a precursor of the
      structural polypeptides. About one copy of P52 and 4 copies of P40 were found in
      the virus particles sedimenting at 146S. However a larger number of copies was
      found in those virus particles sedimenting faster than the 146S peak.

PMID- 177729
TI  - Effect of ammonium 5-tungsto-2-antimoniate on encephalomyocarditis and vesicular
      stomatitis virus infections in mice.
AB  - Ammonium 5-tungsto-2-antimoniate (HPA 23) protected micr partially or completely
      against two strains of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus and one strain of
      vesicular stomatitis (VSV) virus. The best protective effect was obtained with
      EMC strain VR 129 and VSV when a single i.p. injection of HPA 23 was administered
      shortly before virus inoculation. Mice protected by HPA 23 against EMC strain
      VR129 had virus titres in the blood and brain similar to those in untreated mice.
      A synergism between interferon and HPA 23 was observed in mice infected with EMC
      VR129. Our results demonstrate the in vivo activity of HPA 23 against two lethal
      viral infections and suggest that, at least in mice infected with EMC, death may
      not be related solely to virus multiplication.

PMID- 177730
TI  - Herpesvirus proteins: DNA polymerase and pyrimidine deoxynucleoside kinase
      activities in temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2.
AB  - Eleven temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2 strain HG52
      were examined for ability to induce DNA polymerase activity in BHK 21/C13 cells.
      All mutants induced DNA polymerase at a permissive temperature, (31 degrees C)
      and all DNA-positive mutants at a non-permissive temperature (38 degrees C).
      Three DNA-negative mutants induced no DNA polymerase (ts 6, ts 9) or very little
      DNA polymerase (ts 11), at a non-permissive temperature, while ts 1, also DNA
      negative, induced a little more DNA polymerase than wild-type, often at both
      temperatures. The DNA polymerase induced by ts 6 at 31 degrees C was temperature
      sensitive in vivo, but only slightly so in vitro. These results were confirmed
      immunologically and suggest that HSV-2 codes for at least part of a DNA
      polymerase activity, necessary for infection, and that full expression of this
      enzyme involves at least three viral genes.

PMID- 177731
TI  - Latent herpetic infections following experimental viraemia.
AB  - The spectrum of tissues harbouring latent herpes simplex virus following
      intravenous inoculation of mice was defined by in vitro co-cultivation
      techniques. The virus could be detected in central and peripheral nervous systems
      (including adrenal medulla), but could not be found in any non-neural tissues.
      Spinal ganglia were the organs most commonly involved. The relationship of these
      findings to the natural history of herpetic infections is discussed.

PMID- 177732
TI  - Purification of equine herpesvirus type 1.
AB  - A method for the purification of enveloped infectious equine herpesvirus type 1
      (EHV-1) is presented. Virus from cell culture fluids harvested at 48 h post
      infection was concentrated by sedimentation and partially purified by
      differential precipitation with ammonium sulphate. The final steps of
      purification consisted of two cycles of flotation of virus in pre-formed CsCl
      density gradients. Yields of infectious virus were about 30% (18 to 44%) of that
      present in starting material. As judged by electron microscopy, mixed
      radioisotope labelling, and absence of phosphohydrolase, virus preparations
      possessed a high degree of purity. Sedimentation of EHV-1 into CsCl density
      gradients resulted in low recovery of infectious virus. Flotation of virus in
      CsCl gradients, however, was not deleterious to infectivity of viral
      preparations.

PMID- 177733
TI  - EEG findings, rapid ACTH test and autonomic nervous symptoms in patients with
      alopecia areata.
AB  - Patients of multiple alopecia areata were examined in their EEG findings and
      rapid ACTH test and described the symptoms concerning the neuroautonomic system.
      Some abnormal EEG findings were seen in 75 cases out of the examined 105
      patients. As to the rapid ACTH test, 10 cases out of 45 subjects were abnormal. A
      positive correlation was considered between abnormal EEG findings and abnormal
      value in the rapid ACTH test. It is speculated that the regulation centers in the
      brainstem and hypothalamus play a great role in pathophysiology of multiple
      areata.

PMID- 177734
TI  - Enzymic modifications in a cultivated neuroblastoma clone after bromodeoxyuridine
      treatment.

PMID- 177735
TI  - Deposition of lipids in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems of
      the chicken.

PMID- 177736
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover in isolated
      rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglia.

PMID- 177737
TI  - Trigeminal neuropathy with nasal ulceration: report of two cases and one
      necropsy.
AB  - Two cases are reported of progressive trigeminal neutopathy with nasal
      ulceration. One patient developed signs of spinal cord involvement 15 years after
      the onset of trigeminal symptoms and died after a total course of 21 years.
      Necropsy revealed an unusual trigeminospinal system degeneration with deposition
      of amyloid-like substances in the affected structures. The other patient is alive
      eight years after the onset of symptoms, the only indication of a lesion outside
      the trigeminal nerve being a patch of numbness in one leg.

PMID- 177738
TI  - The reinnervated motor unit in man. A single fibre EMG multielectrode
      investigation.
AB  - Motor units in patients with motor neurone disease and polyneuropathy were
      studied with a new multielectrode technique allowing fibre mapping. In these
      disorders which are characterised by reinnervation the motor unit fibre
      distribution is changed from a normal scattered pattern to grouping often in
      clinically uninvolved muscles without definite EMG abnormalities. The changes
      found with this multielectrode technique in man are in accordance with those
      found in reinnervated motor units studied histochemically in the experimental
      animal.

PMID- 177739
TI  - "Satellite potentials" and the duration of motor unit potentials in normal,
      neuropathic and myopathic muscles.
AB  - Time-locked activity in the EMG was studied in normal, neuropathic and myopathic
      muscles, using the averaging technique. Normal and neuropathic muscles seemed in
      most cases not to differ with regard to the frequency nor the quality of
      "satellite signals", i.e. small and short potentials joining the main component
      of the MUP with a constant interval, up to 26 ms in duration. In normal muscles
      10% of the MUPs and in neuropathic muscles 12% had a satellite, which, when
      studied, showed no signs of blocking. However, in 2 patients with an apparent old
      spinal affection both an increased number and an increased latency of satellite
      signals were found. In the different myopathies studied 45% of the MUPs recorded
      consecutively were preceded or followed by an often increased number of tiny
      satellites. Sometimes the satellites joining the myopathic MUP formed a long (up
      to 60 ms) "tail" after the triggering component. On the basis of our results we
      conclude that in myopathies the total duration of MUPs is in certain cases
      pathologically incrased rather than decreased.

PMID- 177740
TI  - Angiographic study of a jugular glome tumor with cervical extension.

PMID- 177741
TI  - Double-tracer scintigraphy with 67Ga-citrate and 99mTc-sulfur colloid in the
      diagnosis of hepatic tumors.
AB  - A method of liver scanning based on a subtraction technique with simultaneous use
      of two tracers, 67Ga-citrate and 99mTc-sulfur colloid, is described. The
      subtraction technique isolates radiogallium uptake by the space-occupying hepatic
      lesions by subtracting interference due to tracer uptake by healthy hepatic
      tissue. In 82 patients, the method yielded a correct result in 94.7% of the
      positive scans and in 97.7% of the negatives. Two false positives and one false
      negative occurred. Very poor results were obtained in the same patients using
      conventional technetium and gallium scans: only 20.7% of these interpretations
      were correct. The method proved very helpful in differentiating malignant from
      benign lesions.

PMID- 177742
TI  - Simple radiometric techniques for rapid detection of herpes simplex virus type 1
      in WI-38 cell culture.
AB  - Two radiometric techniques were developed for detecting the presence of herpes
      simplex virus type 1 in stationary monolayers of the diploid cell line WI-38. The
      time of detection was compared to that obtained from visual examination for
      cytopathic effects in the same cell line. Oxidation of 14C-1-glucose in infected
      and uninfected cells was determined by 14CO2 production, measured by an
      ionization chamber, and DNA synthesis was determined by 3H-thymidine
      incorporation, measured by scintillation counting. Compared to uninfected cells,
      infected cells showed a 23-26% reduction in 14C-1-glucose oxidation and a 355
      498% increase in DNA synthesis 4-6 hr after infection. These changes in cellular
      metabolism were observed 14 hr before visible signs of cytopathic effects. The
      increase in DNA synthesis was completely inhibited by viral neutralization with
      herpes simplex antiserum. Increased DNA synthesis was observed 5 hr after
      infection with 10,000-3,200,000 TCID50 units of virus. These radiometric methods
      for the detection of viral effect on cellular metabolism are simple, fast, and
      objective.

PMID- 177743
TI  - Cyclic AMP content of gingival fluid in women taking oral contraceptives.
AB  - Gingival fluid samples were collected from 12 healthy adult women who ranged in
      age from 19 to 34 years. Seven subjects with normal menstrual cycles who received
      no medications acted as controls while five subjects who had been using oral
      contraceptives for a minimum of 17 months constituted the experimental group. The
      women using birth control pills showed a 53% increase in the gingival fluid
      volume versus the controls. Radioimmunoassay revealed a mean concentration of
      cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the gingival fluid of 3.8-10(-6)M in the
      controls and 1.9-10(-6)M in subjects using oral contraceptives, although the
      total amount of cAMP present in the fluid from both groups was equal. These
      gingival fluid cAMP levels were a hundredfold higher than those measured in serum
      and saliva.

PMID- 177744
TI  - Biological probes. 3. Methods for carbon-4 and carbon-5 labeling in nicotinamide.

PMID- 177745
TI  - [Sudden deafness. Report of 3 cases, especially about viral etiology (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 177747
TI  - Pulmonary blastoma in a child.

PMID- 177746
TI  - Formation of sulfhydryl groups in the walls of Eimeria stiedai and E. tenella
      oocysts subjected to in vitro excystation.
AB  - Eimeria stiedai or Eimeria tenella oocysts were incubated in aqueous cysteine
      hydrochloride (cysHCl) under carbon dioxide (CO2), aqueous cysHCl under air,
      water under CO2 or water under air, and analyzed for sulfhydryl (-SH) groups. The
      cysHCl-CO2 treatment produced more -SH groups than the other treatments and was
      effective in allowing activation of intact and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
      treated E. stiedai oocysts as well as NaOCl-treated E. tenella oocysts. The CO2
      cysHCl complex may act directly on the oocyst wall, especially in the micropylar
      region, to unmask lipid-shielded disulfide bridges, which are reduced to -SH
      groups. The reduction apparently disturbs the protein superstructure of the
      oocyst wall, promotes opening of the micropyle, and changes the impermeable state
      of the sporulated oocyst.

PMID- 177748
TI  - Renal abscess mimicking a Wilms' tumor.

PMID- 177749
TI  - 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity of floxuridine-resistant mouse glioma.
AB  - In tissue culture experiments, cells derived from glioma 26, a transplantable
      tumor of C57B1/6 mice, were sensitive to both floxuridine (5-fluorodeoxyuridine)
      and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-5'-(5-iodo-3-indolyl)phosphate, an enzyme-mediated drug
      activated by 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase. When these compounds were tested on
      the tumor in animals at a level of 5 mg/kg for 5 days, tumor growth was inhibited
      approximately 20% by both compounds. When higher levels of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine,
      100 mg/kg four times weekly throughout the lifespan of the mouse, were given, the
      tumor, although inhibited at first, developed resistance and continued to grow
      until it killed the animal. Phosphodiesterase levels in the tumor rose as the
      tumor grew. On the other hand, thymidine kinase levels dropped as anticipated
      from the known 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-resistant hepatoma tissue culture data. This
      enzyme pattern was maintained in transplantable mouse glioma lines established
      from the resistant tumors. One of these lines, tested at a level of 5 mg/kg for 5
      days, showed no response to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine but was still sensitive to 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine-5'-(5-iodo-3-indolyl) phosphate. These experiments, therefore,
      offer a model system and a rationale for the design and study of more compounds
      that could be activated by the enzyme phosphodiesterase. Such compounds might be
      used alternatively when resistance to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine develops, a common
      clinical experience in the use of this anticancer drug.

PMID- 177750
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity and selective inhibition of nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide-dependent oxidations by 10-(2-arylimino-3-acetylamino-4
      thiazolidonyl) phenothiazines.
AB  - Several Several 10-(1-acetyl-4-arylthiosemicarbazido) phenothiazines and their
      corresponding cyclized 10-(2-arylimino-3-acetylamino-4
      thiazolidonyl)phenothiazines were synthetized and characterized by their sharp
      melting points and elemental analyses. All compounds inhibited nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidation of pyruvate and alpha
      ketoglutarate selectively, whereas NAD-independent oxidation of succinate
      remained unaltered. All phenothiazine derivatives exhibited anticonvulsant
      activity, which was reflected by the 20-60% protection observed against
      pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice. The ability of substituted
      thiosemicarbazidophenothiazines to inhibit cellular respiratory activity was
      reduced considerably by cyclization to the corresponding substituted
      thiazolidinophenothiazines. On the other hand, cyclization generally resulted in
      increased anticonvulsant activity. Thus, the anticonvulsant activity possessed by
      these substituted phenothiazines bore no relationship with their ability to
      inhibit selectively the NAD-dependent oxidations. Selective inhibition of NAD
      dependent oxidation of pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate in isolated rat brain
      mitochondria by some 10-(1-acetyl-4-arylthiosemicarbazido) phenothiazines was
      concentration dependent and competitive in nature.

PMID- 177751
TI  - Fragmentation of 3-oximino-4-chromanone.
AB  - Heating either the methanesulfonate ester of 3-oximino-4-chromanone or 3-oximino
      4-chromanone and an alternative acylating agent such as p-toluensulfonyl chloride
      or acetic anhydride in the presence of aqueous base afforded two major fragments:
      salicyclic acid and 2-carboxyphenoxyacetonitrile. These compounds are derived
      from two separate cleavage pathways involving the acylated oxime. In one pathway,
      fragmentation appears to be assisted by the ether ring oxygen; in the other, it
      is assisted by the alpha-carbonyl group of the oxime ester.

PMID- 177752
TI  - CNS depressant activity of pyrimidylthiazolidones and their selective inhibition
      of NAD-dependent pyruvate oxidation.
AB  - Several 1-aryl-3-(2-pyrimidyl)thiocarbamides and their corresponding cyclized 2
      arylimino-3-(2-pyrimidyl)thiazolid-4-ones were synthesized and characterized by
      their sharp melting points and elemental analyses. These thiocarbamides and
      thiazolidones possessed anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazol-induced
      convulsions and potentiated pentobarbital-induced hypnosis in mice. Most of these
      thiocarbamides and thiazolidones selectively inhibited nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidation of pyruvate, where the use of added NAD
      dether hand, remained unaltered. The anticonvulsant activity of thiocarbamides
      and thiazolidones was unrelated to their ability to inhibit the respiratory
      activity of rat brain homogenates during oxidation of sodium pyruvate.
      Cyclization of thiocarbamides to the corresponding thiazolidones in general
      enhanced their CNS depressant and enzyme inhibitory effectiveness.

PMID- 177753
TI  - Investigations into the mechanism of reduction of ethanol sleep by thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH).
AB  - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), administered intraperitoneally, was found to
      antagonize ethanol-induced sleep and hypothermia in mice without affecting brain
      ethanol content. This reduction of the actions of ethanol was also apparent after
      oral or intracisternal administration of TRH. In addition, TRH reduced ethanol
      induced sleep in rats, hamsters, gerbils and guinea pigs. Evidence that the
      pituitary-thyroid axis is not necessary for the effects of TRH was provided by
      observations that hypophysectomy did not reduce TRH antagonism of ethanol
      narcosis and findings that neither triiodothyronine nor thyrotropin mimicked its
      action. Certain analogs of TRH, which have little effect on the pituitary, were
      also found to antagonize ethanol-induced sleep and hypothermia. Pretreatment with
      the antiadrenergic drugs, alpha-methyltyrosine, phentolamine and propranolol did
      not antagonize the ability of TRH to reduce sleep induced by ethanol. However,
      after intracisternal administration of atropine methyl nitrate, TRH no longer
      caused a significant reduction of sleep, even though TRH antagonism of the
      ethanol-induced hypothermia was still apparent. In contrast, central
      administration of other anticholinergic drugs, such as delta-tobocurarine and
      hexamethonium, reduced ethanol-induced sleep and this effect was additive with
      TRH. Carbachol also reduced ethanol sleeping time and this effect was also
      blocked by atropine methyl nitrate. The antagonism of ethanol-induced sleep by
      dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate was significantly reduced but not
      blocked by atropine methyl nitrate. Results provide evidence that TRH has a
      direct extrapituitary action on brain and that both TRH and ethanol may interact
      with central cholinergic systems.

PMID- 177755
TI  - Effects of amide-linked local anesthetics on adrenergic neuroeffector junction in
      cutaneous veins of dog.
AB  - When changes in isometric tension of helical strips of dog saphenous veins were
      recorded, etidocaine caused a dose-dependent depression of the contractile
      responses to nerve stimulation, norepinephrine and K+. The response to nerve
      stimulation was significantly more depressed than that to exogenous
      norepinephrine. Similar results were obtained with lidocaine. In preparations
      incubated in solutions containing 3H-norepinephrine and mounted for superfusion
      and isometric tension recording, etidocaine depressed the contractions and
      diminished the release of 3H-norepinephrine evoked by nerve stimulation. Thus, in
      addition to an inhibitory effect on the responses of smooth muscle cells, amide
      linked local anesthetic agents such as etidocaine depress adrenergic
      neurotransmission in the blood vessel wall, which helps explain their vasodilator
      properties in the intact organism. In unstimulated preparations and during
      contractions caused by K+, etidocaine increased the efflux of 3H-norepinephrine
      and deaminated metabolites. After incubation with the monamine oxidase inhibitor,
      pargyline, etidocaine augmented markedly the efflux of 3H-norepinephrine. During
      responses to tyramine, it augmented the release of 3H-norepinephrine more than
      the efflux of deaminated compounds. This suggests that etidocaine augments the
      leakage of norepinephrine out of the storage vesicles, making more catecholamines
      available for intraneuronal deamination.

PMID- 177754
TI  - Onset of chronotropic effects of nicotinic drugs and tyramine on the sinoatrial
      pacemaker in chick embryo heart: relationship to the development of autonomic
      neuroeffector transmission.
AB  - Spontaneous electrical activity, recorded extracellularly from the sinoatriial
      pacemaker region in the isolated chick embryo heart, was inhibited by nicotine
      (10(-5)M) on the 11th incubation day and thereafter. Blockade of the inhibitory
      effects of nicotine hexamethonium, tetroditoxin and atropine supported the
      conclusion that nicotine initiated propagated impulses in postganglionic
      cholinergic nerves and released acetylcholine to act on atropine-sensitive
      receptors on pacemaker cells. Dimethylphenylpiperazinium, like nicotine,
      inhibited the sinoatrial pacemaker. The onset of the inhibitory effect of
      nicotine occurred within 1 day of the appearance of cholinergic neuroeffector
      transmission. The acceleratory action of tyramine (2.9 X 10(-5)M) increased
      markedly on the 20th incubation day, that is, within 1 day of the appearance of
      adrenergic neuroeffector transmission. The positive chronotropic effects of
      tyramine were opposed by cocaine and by propranolol. Nicotine also evoked
      pacemaker acceleration that was observed on the 21st incubation day and
      thereafter. However, the sympathomimetic effect of nicotine required elevation (2
      times normal) of the external Ca++ concentration. Ontogenetic and pharmacologic
      evidence support the conclusion that the drug-induced changes in pacemaker
      impulse frequency depended upon an interaction with autonomic nerves. The results
      are consistent with the hypothesis that the gap between morphologic innervation
      of the heart by autonomic nerves and the appearance of transmission is related,
      at least in part, to the amount of transmitter available for release.

PMID- 177756
TI  - Selective lithium inhibition of hormonal phosphaturic responses.
AB  - The acute effects of intraperitoneal lithium on the phosphaturic responses to
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) and pharmacologic doses of vasopressin were studied in
      rats. Lithium significantly inhibited the phosphaturic response to PTH at a
      dosage of 90 mug/kg/hr but did not affect the response to 30 mug/kg/hr.
      Conversely, lithium eliminated the phosphaturic response to vasopressin at a
      dosage of 300 mU/kg/hr but did not affect the response to dibutyryl adenosine 3',
      5'-monophosphate (db-cAMP), 10 mg/kg/hr. Renal lithium content was increased
      substantially after the larger dose of PTH and was diminished slightly after db
      cAMP and the larger dose of vasopressin. The latter two treatments also inhibited
      renal lithium reabsorption whereas the smaller dose of vasopressin and both
      dosages of PTH did not. These results indicate that lithium interferes with the
      phosphaturic responses to certain dosages of pth and vasopressin and suggest that
      renal lithium reabsorption and tissue lithium uptake may in part determine the
      extent of this cation-hormonal interaction. In addition, a competitive type of
      interaction between lithium and vasopressin is postulated.

PMID- 177757
TI  - Positive inotropic activity of cholera enterotoxin on the embryonic chick heart.
AB  - The characteristics of the positive inotropic effect of different preparations of
      cholera toxin on the isolated 4-day-old embryonic chick heart were investigated.
      Crude (CCT) as well as partially purified and purified (PCT)preparations of
      cholera toxin were shown to have positive inotropic activity. Contractility was
      increased within 1 minute and reached a maximum at approximately 40 minutes after
      exposure to toxin. Activities of all three toxin preparations were abolished by
      heating, their effects were prevented by addition of antitoxin, but nort
      propranolol, before exposure of the heart to toxin. The positive inotropic effect
      of PCT was not reversed by washing, but was reversed by subsequent addition of
      antitoxin. The  effects of CCT were reversed by insulin. Effects of both CCT and
      PCT were potentiated by theophylline, and both toxin preparations elevated tissue
      levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. A filtrate of CCT (MW is less
      than 30,000) exhibited similar cardiostimulant activity but displayed certain
      differences from the other toxin preparations. The filtrate was heat stable, and
      its effects were blocked by pretreatment with propranolol but not by antitoxin.
      The filtrate of CCT, unlike the toxin-containing preparations, did not stimulate
      intestinal fluid secretion in the dog.

PMID- 177758
TI  - Dopamine synthesis in rat brain striatal synaptosomes. II. Dibutyryl cyclic
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphoric acid and 6-methyltetrahydropterine-induced
      synthesis increases without an increase in endogenous dopamine release.
AB  - The effects of N6, O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphoric acid
      (dibutyryl cyclic AMP), DL-6-methyl-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydropterine (6-MPH4) and
      tyramine on dopamine synthesis and endogenous dopamine release in rat brain
      striatal synaptosomes have been examined. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 mM) produced a
      100% increase in dopamine synthesis but had no effect on endogenous dopamine
      release. Veratridine (75 muM) did not further stimulate dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      treated tissue. 6-MPH4 (0.1 mM) also stimulated synthesis without stimulating
      dopamine release. The stimulation produced by 6-MPH4 was additive to the
      stimulations produced by either dibutyryl cyclic AMP or veratridine. Tyramine
      (10(-4) M) inhibited synthesis, while increasing dopamine release. These data
      suggest that 1) dopamine-releasing agents may have differential effects upon
      dopamine synthesis, depending on their mechanism of release, 2) dopamine
      synthesis can be stimulated independently of endogenous dopamine release and 3)
      the pteridine cofactor necessary for tyrosine hydroxylation is not normally
      present at saturating levels.

PMID- 177760
TI  - [Adrenocortical responses to ACTH (author's transl)].
AB  - To characterize by a mathematical model the dynamics of adrenocortical responses
      to ACTH, the concentration of plasma corticosterone was measured following a
      series of injections and perfusions of ACTH to dexamethasone-treated male rats. A
      similar slope was observed during the rise of plasma corticosterone following
      graded pulse inputs, and the steady-state corticosterone secretion rate was shown
      to increase proportionally to the perfusion rate of ACTH up to saturation
      corresponding to maximal secretion. The data will be used, concurrently with our
      model of the dynamics of plasma cortiscosterone, for the identification of a
      mathematical model of the adrenocortical response to ACTH.

PMID- 177761
TI  - A specialized activity program for acutely disturbed patients.

PMID- 177762
TI  - The attitudes of nursing students and others about mental illness.
AB  - Student nurses tend to report somewhat moderate attitudes toward mental illness
      in that they appear to be less radical than psychology students, but less
      conservative than teacher-students in education. The student nurses' attitudes
      are similar to those of psychiatric residents, but more radical than psychiatric
      nurses.

PMID- 177763
TI  - How the visitor is treated affects the patient.

PMID- 177765
TI  - The therapeutic community and the nurse: a blurring of traditional roles.

PMID- 177764
TI  - What are mental health nurses doing?
AB  - In the analysis of a select set of questions from a questionnaire designed to
      survey the major roles of the MHN in a large metropolitan DHR, a number of trends
      were suggested: 1. A majority of the nurses surveyed functioned highest in the
      nurse-clinician area, with the majority being able to participate in planning and
      evaluating of their roles. 2. The role of nurse-therapist appears to still be the
      least practiced function. 3. It appears that, overall, the outpatient nurse is
      able to function more independently than is the inpatient nurse. The impression
      from this sample of MHNs is that they are being asked to participate in areas
      which have been traditionally considered the territory of other disciplines, such
      as: therapy, policy-making, and family contacts. Hopefully, nursing will continue
      to expand its role as a team member of the multidisciplinary community mental
      health center.

PMID- 177759
TI  - The membrane potential of rat diaphragm muscle fibres and the effect of
      denervation.
AB  - 1. Resting membrane potentials of rat diaphragm muscles were measured in vitro
      after previous denervation for 0-10 days. In some experiments denervated muscles
      were incubated in vitro for 3 hr while in others they were cultured for 15-24 hr
      to allow adequate exposure to drugs before recording. 2. It was found that
      resting membrane potentials, within 2-5 mm of the site of nerve section were
      significantly lower, within 3 hr, than resting membrane potentials measured more
      than 9 mm away from site of nerve section. This difference could be reduced or
      abolished by bathing preparations in solutions containing adrenaline (10 muM),
      noradrenaline (10 muM) or isoprenaline (10 muM) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10 muM-0
      25 mM in the presence of 2 mM theophylline). Cyclic AMP (0-5 mM) was ineffective.
      3. Application of solutions containing dibutyryl cyclic AMP for 3 hr also raised
      the resting membrane potential of muscles denervated 4-5 days previously. Culture
      studies showed that this effect was sustained when the time of incubation was 24
      hr. 4. Incubating freshly denervated preparations with cycloheximide (22 mug/ml.)
      or actinomycin D (1 mug/ml.) did not prevent the development of the early (3 hr)
      fall in resting membrane potential despite a concomitant inhibition of RNA or
      protein synthesis. Culturing freshly denervated muscles in solutions containing
      cycloheximide (10 or 25 mug/ml.) which blocked 93% of protein synthesis, did not
      prevent the expected drop in resting membrane potential after 15 or 24 hr. 5. It
      was found that exposure to ouabain (1 or 5 mM) produced a rapid (15 min) fall in
      resting membrane potential in innervated and denervated preparations treated with
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP but not denervated preparations. After 5 days denervation
      cyclic AMP levels in muscle were increased by about 40%. 6. It is suggested that
      upon denervation an electrogenic action of a NA+-pump is blocked and that
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP and catecholamines are capable of stimulating this pump.

PMID- 177766
TI  - Need for adaptation.

PMID- 177767
TI  - Architecture follow-up.

PMID- 177768
TI  - Barriers to research in psychiatric-mental health nursing: implications for
      preparing the nurse researcher.

PMID- 177769
TI  - It's the staff that keeps the patients talking.
AB  - This article is a critical look at the ingredients necessary to encourage chronic
      psychiatric patients to speak in a group setting. This study suggests that those
      chronically hospitalized patients with little speech can be encouraged to
      increase their verbalizations. Staff presence was the critical factor in the
      increase of patient speech. The opportunity to gain unusual privileges did not
      substantially increase the patient speech. In essence, this study indicates that
      as the amount of conversation from the nursing staff increases, a corresponding
      increase in patient verbalization occurs.

PMID- 177770
TI  - Group home program.
AB  - The success in this program was defined in terms of staying out of the hospital
      or in not regressing to a more intensive level of care requirement. By these
      criteria, we have been successful. Nine chronic patients have lived in the group
      home. Of these nine, two have become totally independent, five live in the group
      home, one went to a family care home, and one to a nursing home due to physical
      disease. Not one of the group is in a psychiatric institution, and only one had a
      setback. Presently, plans to expand this program with the assistance of a
      community group are being formulated.

PMID- 177771
TI  - Organic organizational research in a psychiatric inpatient setting.
AB  - The author proposes that most traditional methods of collecting data about life
      in mental health settings tend to produce inaccurate information. He suggests a
      procedure of information-gathering that may be useful and illustrates the theory
      of organic research in application with a case study of a psychiatric inpatient
      setting attempting to develop a recreational program.

PMID- 177772
TI  - Psychophysiological reactions as a function of life stress and behavioral
      rigidity.
AB  - Studies have shown that vulnerability to disease is a function of psychosocial
      factors. This study hypothesized that disease onset is antedated by life changes
      and is influenced by the individual's "behavioral rigidity." The subjects were
      160 female college students from three undergraduate general elective courses. An
      index of life change (LCI) was administered to each subject, presenting
      descriptions of important pressures and conflicts, with instruction that she
      indicate which ones she had personally experienced during the past calender year.
      A test of behavioral rigidity was also administered. Responses to the LCI
      indicated that low life change subjects reported significantly fewer illnesses
      than did the high life change subjects. The results supported the hypothesis that
      life stress plays a significant role in the development of illnesses. Responses
      to the behavioral rigidity measure and subsequent analysis of the interaction
      between this variable and life change did not prove to be statistically
      significant. It should be noted, however, that high flexibility subjects did
      report fewer illnesses than low flexibility subjects within the low and high life
      change groups. Additional studies must be undertaken in order to assess the trend
      found for interaction effects.

PMID- 177773
TI  - The application of psychotherapeutic conceptual models in nursing practice.
AB  - Nurses, in order for their practice to be at a scientific level, need to
      consciously apply laws of change and stability of human behavior that have been
      identified by the behavioral sciences--especially psychotherapeutic theories.
      These are separated into several conceptual models which are organized around
      assumptions of the etiology of human behavior based on scientific observation and
      experimentation. They differ in emphasis and manipulation of the psychic elements
      of magic, faith, adaptation, and intellect. The beginning practitioner will
      probably find applying concepts from one model at a time most effective. She
      should base her choice on the congruence of the assumptions and emphasis of the
      models and her nursing assessment of the problem and her own philosophy of
      nursing. Her resulting choices of nursing intervention using a psychotherapeutic
      model should yield predictable goal attainment.

PMID- 177774
TI  - Health establishments: their organization and roles excerpts from a WHO report.

PMID- 177775
TI  - Psychiatric nursing as a specialty and its watering down.

PMID- 177776
TI  - The nurse practitioner and institutional facilities for the mentally retarded --
      are they compatible?

PMID- 177778
TI  - The effect of Bordetella pertussis on rosette-forming cells present in the
      peritoneal fluids of mice.

PMID- 177777
TI  - Silica-induced alterations of murine lymphocyte immunocompetence and suppression
      of B lymphocyte immunocompetence: a possible mechanism.

PMID- 177779
TI  - Autoradiographic analysis of the enhanced mitogen response of T lymphocytes
      caused by cyclic GMP.

PMID- 177780
TI  - The "herd approach" to bovine reproductive disorders. Part I: The diagnosis and
      management of infectious infertility.
AB  - The authors describe the methods employed by the Artificial Insemination Section
      of the Division of Veterinary Services in collaboration with the Reproduction and
      Bacteriology Section of the Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort when
      herds are examined for infertility. A "herd" rather than an "individual animal"
      approach is advocated and certain infectious causes of infertility are discussed.

PMID- 177781
TI  - Synthesis and antiviral activity of 5- and 5'-substituted thymidine analogs.
AB  - The 5'-O-p-tolylsulfonyl derivatives of 5-chloro-, 5-bromo-, and 5-iodo-2'
      deoxyuridine were synthesized and converted into the corresponding 5-halo-5'
      azido-2',5'-dideoxyuridines (5-7). Reduction of 5-chloro-5'-azido-2',5'
      dideoxyuridine (5) afforded 5-chloro-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (10, ACIU);
      however, similar efforts to prepare 5-bromo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (11)
      and 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (12) by reduction of the corresponding
      5'-azido precursor resulted in the formation of 5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine
      (9). 5-Bromo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (11, ABrU) and 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5'
      dideoxyuridine (12, AIU) were prepared by halogenation of the 5-mercuriacetate of
      5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine. The 5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxy analogs of 5-methyl-, 5
      chloro-, 5-bromo-, and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine possess antiviral activity against
      herpes simplex virus but exhibit no inhibitory activity against sarcoma 180
      (murine) or Vero (monkey) cells in culture.

PMID- 177782
TI  - Inhibition of separated forms of phosphodiesterases from pig coronary arteries by
      uracils and by 7-substituted derivatives of 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine.
AB  - A series of 7-substituted 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthines was designed in an attempt
      to increade the specificity of the 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX) structure
      for one of the two cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase peaks isolated by DEAE
      cellulose chromatography of the soluble fraction of the intima + media layer of
      pig coronary arteries. A series of 1,3-dialkyluracils was of low potency as
      inhibitors of either peak I or peak II. The 7-substituted xanthines were prepared
      by alkylation of MIX with the corresponding alkyl or aralkyl halide in DMF
      containing K2CO3. These compounds were, in general, much less potent inhibitors
      of peak II activity than was MIX, but some of them retained the potency of MIX as
      inhibitors of peak I and, therefore, were relatively specific for inhibition of
      peak I. 7-Bzl-MIX was the most selective compound tested; it was a potent
      inhibitor of peak I activity but was much less effective as an inhibitor of peak
      II activity. Substitution of either electron-withdrawing (nitro) or electron
      donating (methoxy) groups on the 7-benzyl moiety reduced the effectiveness of the
      7-benzyl compounds as inhibitors of peak I. Chlorobenzyl substitution increased
      the potency slightly over the benzyl but not the selectivity between peaks.

PMID- 177784
TI  - Structure of human serum lipoproteins in solution. II. Small-angle x-ray
      scattering study of HDL and LDL.

PMID- 177783
TI  - Regulation of ion permeabilities of isolated rat liver cells by external calcium
      concentration and temperature.
AB  - Regulation of ion transport through the plasma membrane was studied on single
      cell suspensions of hepatocytes, obtained after perfusion of rat liver with
      collagenase/hyaluronidase solution. Steady-state intracellular K and Na contents
      were shown to be markedly dependent on external Ca concentration and temperature,
      the sum of both ion concentrations remaining nearly constant. In contrast, steady
      state intracellular chloride content was found to be independent of external Ca
      concentration, but dependent on temperature. Using the constant field relations,
      the passive permeabilities PK and PCl for potassium and chloride, respectively,
      were derived from the experimental data. At temperatures at and above 37 degrees
      C, with increasing external Ca concentration, PK, exhibits a sharp decrease at
      about 10(-4)M. In contrast, PCl at 37 degrees C was found to be independent of Ca
      concentration within experimental error. Earth alkali ions other than Ca, show
      marked but different effects on PK if compared at equal concentrations.
      Preincubation of the cells with cholesterol leads to a broadening of the
      dependence of PK on external Ca concentration. The above results, as well as
      those on the dependence of PK on external Ca concentration obtained by other
      authors, could be quantitatively described by a theoretical model of the plasma
      membrane proposed earlier. This model postulates regulatory binding sites, which
      cooperatively undergo a cation exchange of divalent cations by K+ ions from the
      external medium if the cation composition of the latter is altered.

PMID- 177785
TI  - The assessment of nocturnal REM erection in the differential diagnosis of sexual
      impotence.
AB  - A new method for differentiating psychogenic from organic cases of sexual
      impotence is described based on the assesst of nocturnal REM erection in nine
      patients. It is our tentative impression that in psychogenic impotence nocturnal
      REM erection may be normal in amount and degree and an excellent indicator of
      erectile potential. In these cases a marked discrepancy exists between the amount
      and degree of nocturnal erection and the patient's daytime performance level
      attained during attempted coitus or masturbation. In the organic patients, on the
      contrary, such a discrepancy does not exist; instead, the maximal nocturnal
      erection attained corresponds closely to and mirrors the patient's impaired
      waking performance. This new method may be very useful in the diagnosis,
      prognosis, and decision as to type of treatment, especially in difficult cases.

PMID- 177786
TI  - Mouse mammary tumor virus as a model for viral carcinogenesis.
AB  - Evidence is presented suggesting that genetic control may be the limiting factor
      in mammary tumor virus (MTV) positive mammary oncogenesis. Studies with hybrid
      mice involving high and low MTV-expressing murine strains suggest that expression
      of MTV in milk may not be as important in tumorigenesis as previously thought.
      The usefulness of the murine MTV model in the study of mammary malignancy is
      discussed.

PMID- 177787
TI  - Mammary gland as a morphological end point in carcinogenesis studies.
AB  - The murine mammary tumor system is characterized by the presence of intermediate
      preneoplastic mammary cell populations. The intermediate mammary cell populations
      are characterized as either alveolar hyperplasias or ductal hyperplasias. The
      most frequently encountered preneoplastic cell population is the hyperplastic
      alveolar nodule, which has been extensively characterized with respect to its
      biological and hormonal properties. While the alveolar hyperplasias are seen
      predominantly in mice infected with the mammary tumor virus, ductal hyperplasias
      are seen primarily in mice treated with chemical carcinogens. Both types of
      lesions can serve as morphological end points for carcinogenesis studies in the
      mammary gland.

PMID- 177789
TI  - Vinblastine: influence on nerve conduction and synaptic transmission.
AB  - Vinblastine injected into the eyes of pigeons had a detrimental effect on the
      amplitude of the postsynaptic evoked potential in the optic tectum; impulse
      conduction of the optic nerve was not influenced. The depression of the
      postsynaptic evoked potential was dependent on the dosage. Only 20 and 100 mug
      vinblastine had an influence; no influence was observed with 10 mug vinblastine.
      The reversible depression was seen from the third day after injection to between
      the 21st and the 28th day after injection, and in that period it remained
      constant. The latency of the response was not influenced by vinblastine.

PMID- 177788
TI  - Estrogen-receptor binding: relationship to estrogen-induced responses.
AB  - The relationship between nuclear binding of the receptor-estrogen complex (R-E)
      and estrogenic responses was examined. Nuclear-bound R-E was measured by the [3H]
      estradiol exchange assay, which permits the quantification of R-E as a function
      of either endogenous or non labeled estrogen. The quantity of nuclear R-E
      fluctuated as a function of blood levels of estrogen during the estrous cycle in
      the rat. This indicates that the accumulation of the R-E complex by the nucleus
      of uterine cells may be of physiologic significance and under the control of
      endogenous estrogen.

PMID- 177790
TI  - The effect of trimethadione on brain energy metabolism and EEG activity of the
      conscious rat exposed to HPO.
AB  - The use of trimethadione (TMO) as a protector in hyperbaric oxygen toxicity in
      the conscious rat has been examined in detail. The oxidation-reduction state of
      pyridine nucleotides was measured simultaneously with the EEG activity from the
      surface of the brain cortex. From the data obtained, a few parameters were
      calculated. The results show that in TMO-treated animals the time to the onset of
      convulsions, the time to the onset of NADH oxidation-reduction cycles, and the
      survival time were significantly longer than in the control group. The effect of
      TMO on the EEG shows that the tonic phase of the convulsive activity was almost
      completely abolished.

PMID- 177791
TI  - Ureteral metastasis from Wilms tumor.
AB  - Urothelial spread of Wilms tumor is uncommon and only 5 instances of ureteral
      metastases have been reported previously. A case of Wilms tumor with mid ureteral
      metastasis is presented and the literature is reviewed. Clinical implications and
      suggestions for surgical management are discussed.

PMID- 177792
TI  - Coxsackievirus and adenovirus infection. Association with acute febrile and
      juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The prearthritic manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a 16-year-old
      boy were associated with a rise in coxsackievirus B3 and A9 neutralizing antibody
      titers from 1:16 to larger than or equal to 1:512, and 1:64 to 1:512,
      respectively. Recurrent polyarthritis followed and has persisted for three years.
      Adenovirus 7 was isolated from the pericardial fluid of a 9-year-old girl in whom
      juvenile rheumatoid arthritis then developed. Of 11 patients with acute,
      nonspecific, febrile arthritis subsequently studied, fourfold or greater antibody
      elevations occurred against coxsackieviruses in five, and against rubella and
      varicella-zoster virus in two. Antibody titers against other viral (and
      Mycoplasma) antigens remained stable. These findings suggest that
      coxsackieviruses, as well as other common viruses, may cause acute, nonspecific,
      febrile arthritis. In certain instances, such infection may be related to the
      development of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 177793
TI  - Effects of polyamines on the proliferation of mammalian cells in tissue culture.
AB  - Spermine, spermidine, putrescine and agmatine were examined for their
      cytotoxicity to mammalian cells in tissue culture. Spermine exhibited the highest
      cytotoxicity among them. It was followed by spermidine. Putrescine and agmatine
      showed little toxicity but rather acceleration of cell proliferation in some
      concentrations. Among 16 kinds of rat cells and strains and a mouse cell strain
      examined, liver cells, fibroblasts, and cells serially grown in a protein-free
      synthetic medium were sensitive to spermine in the order described. Normal liver
      cells were more sensitive than hepatoma cells, and normal fibroblasts were also
      more sensitive than sarcoma cells. Bovine serum albumin fraction markedly
      accelerated the cytotoxicity of spermine.

PMID- 177794
TI  - Isolation of low-virulent mouse hepatitis virus from nude mice with wasting
      syndrome and hepatitis.
AB  - Mouse hepatitis viruses were isolated on DBT cell culture from affected livers in
      most nude mice having wasting syndrome and chronic hepatitis. These nude isolates
      were pathogenic for cortisone-treated ICR weanling mice but not for non-treated
      ones.

PMID- 177795
TI  - The effect of 2, 4-dinitrophenol on the growth of Bordetella pertussis in chick
      tracheal organ culture.
AB  - Among various metabolic inhibitors tested, only 2, 4-dinitrophenol inhibited the
      growth of Bordetella pertussis in chick tracheal organ culture at concentrations
      nontoxic both for bacterial organisms and for ciliary motility of the tracheal
      fragments. Although this effect of 2, 4-dinitrophenol was reversible in its early
      stage, longer treatment with this inhibitor resulted in an irreversible
      inhibition of bacterial growth due to secondary damage of the tracheal fragments.
      From these observations, it was postulated that the energy required for bacterial
      growth might be derived from cellular metabolism sensitive to inhibition with 2,
      4-dinitrophenol.

PMID- 177796
TI  - Transplacental transmission of BK virus in human.

PMID- 177798
TI  - Studies on 3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-hexyl)-xanthine (BL 191): the inhibitory effect
      of BL 191 on PDE in various tissues of rats.

PMID- 177797
TI  - Actions of papaverine on intestinal smooth muscle and its inhibition of cyclic
      AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases.

PMID- 177799
TI  - Relationship between the levels of intracellular cyclic nucleotides and
      mechanical responses induced by drugs.
AB  - The tracheal smooth muscle dissected free from connective tissues was used as a
      test preparation, since isoprenaline caused a decrease in cyclic GMP in the
      muscle while it caused an increase in cyclic GMP in the remaining tracheal
      tissue. Acetylcholine, histamine and papaverine increased both cyclic AMP and
      cyclic GMP levels in the tracheal muscle. Isoprenaline increased the cyclic AMP
      level but decreased the cyclic GMP level. However, when tracheal muscle was
      incubated with isoprenaline in the presence of acetylcholine, isoprenaline did
      not cause a decrease in cyclic GMP but rather a significant increase in cyclic
      AMP after only 1 min incubation. These results indicate that the relaxation of
      the tracheal muscle by isoprenaline is initiated by the increase in cyclic AMP
      but is not associated with the change in cyclic GMP.

PMID- 177800
TI  - Mechanism of action of a new anti-inflammatory agent, naproxen (II). Effects of
      naproxen on activities of mucopolysaccharase, acid protease and collagenolytic
      enzymes in inflamed tissues.
AB  - In order to elucidate the biochemical anti-inflammatory properties of naproxen,
      the effects of this compound on activities of mucopolysaccharase [beta
      glucuronidase (beta-Gase) and lysozyme (LZ)], acid protease (APase) and
      collagenolytic enzyme (CL) in inflamed tissues were investigated by means of a
      proliferative inflammatory model in filter-paper-implanted rats. In the
      preventive test, naproxen strongly inhibited granuloma formation and exudate
      accumulation as did indomethacin and prednisolone. Although the inhibitory
      effects of naproxen on all these enzymes were quite evident, indomethacin failed
      to inhibit APase activity. Prednisolone did not significantly inhibit LZ and
      APase activities in granuloma. In the curative test, prednisolone caused a marked
      decrease in the weight of the granuloma already formed and in the volume of the
      exudate, but with naproxen and indomethacin there was only  a slight decrease.
      Naproxen and indomethacin induced slight but significant inhibition of LZ and CL
      activities, while prednisolone showing a weak inhibition of CL activity only.
      From these results, it may be concluded that anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic
      effects of naproxen are partly attributable to its inhibitory actions on these
      lysosomal enzymes.

PMID- 177801
TI  - [Case of angiofibroma imitating a hernia of the foramen ischiadicum].

PMID- 177802
TI  - [Prostaglandins and the organ of vision. III. Effect of prostaglandins on the
      adenyl cyclase system and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cycl AMP)].

PMID- 177803
TI  - [Treatment of primary hyperlipoproteinemias type IV with different biguanides
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In 12 patients with primary type IV hyperlipoproteinemia the lipid lowering
      effect of constant doses of the biguanides metformin, phenformin and buformin was
      compared. After a 2 months dietary period bodyweight and initial triglyceride and
      cholesterol plasma concentrations were stabilized. The three biguanides were
      given for two months each, and this 6 months drug period was followed by another
      dietary period. While, 0.15 g phenformin and 2.55 g metformin reduced
      triglycerides by about 50% the reduction by 0.30 g buformin was only half. This
      was due to 4 nonresponders with initial triglycerides of more than 700 mg/100 ml.
      In contrast the triglyceride lowering effect of the other two biguanides was
      positively correlated to the pretreatment triglycerides. The cholesterol lowering
      effect of biguanide treatment was far less pronounced. There were no significant
      alterations of body weight and no influence on basal insulin and glucose
      concentrations. In conclusion, all three biguanides tested in a dosis of 3
      tablets each are effective in lowering triglycerides although differing in
      efficiency and depending from the degree of typ IV hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 177804
TI  - [Stimulation of growth hormone and prolactin secretion with TRH in acromegaly
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Inappropriate stimulation of growth hormone (hGH)-secretion with TRH in
      acromegalic subjects has been shown previously, whereas prolactin (hPRL)
      secretion was reported to be blunted in active acromegaly. In this study TRH
      induced hGH and hPRL secretion was investigated in 23 active (mean hGH level:
      68.5 +/- 19.9 ng/ml; +/- SE) and 15 inactive acromegalics (mean hGH level: 2.3 +/
      0.4 ng/ml; +/- SE). Fourteen of the active acromegalics showed a significant
      increase up to more than double of the basal hGH level after 200 mug TRH while in
      only one of the inactive acromegalics an inappropriate rise of hGH was induced by
      TRH. Basal hPRL levels were elevated in 9 and within normal range in 14 of the
      patients with active acromegaly. Except in 3 patients who had normal basal hPRL
      levels and in one patient with excessively elevated hPRL and hGH levels due to an
      hPRL and hGH producing adenoma, all patients had normal hPRL responses to TRH. In
      those with inactive acromegaly, 9 had hPRL levels below normal and only , out of
      the 15 patients showed a normal rise of hPRL after TRH. The patients who showed
      no hPRL response to TRH demonstrated also other signs of pituitary insufficiency
      due to the operative procedure. In contrast to a previous report these findings
      demonstrate that normal or enhanced hPRL secretion is found in active acromegaly.
      The inappropriate rise of hGH after TRH is compatible with a loss of specificity
      of the receptor for GRH of the adenoma cell and can be found also in patients
      with normal basal hGH levels after treatment suggesting that remaining adenoma
      tissue is present in the pituitary fossa.

PMID- 177805
TI  - [Verner-Morrison syndrome ("pancreatic cholera")].

PMID- 177806
TI  - Plasma alkaline phosphatase in mice with experimentally-induced osteosarcomas.
AB  - No statistically significant difference in alkaline phosphatase levels was
      demonstrated in animals injected with the FBJ virus. However, there was a
      significant increase associated with the development of osteosarcomas in response
      to the iv injection of 1.0 uCi 90 Sr/g body weight into 11-18-mo-old Anl:CFl
      females. It was proposed that alkaline phosphatase determinations can be used as
      well as roentenographic analysis to detect 90Sr-induced tumors in mice.

PMID- 177807
TI  - Multiple testing for the detection of B virus antibody in specially handled
      rhesus monkeys after capture from virgin trapping grounds.
AB  - Eight groups of rhesus monkeys totaling over 1,000 animals were captured in the
      virgin trapping grounds of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Individual caging and
      special handling technics were utilized to prevent cross-contamination during
      capture, holding, and subsequent shipment to quarantine facilities in the United
      States. Immediately following the arrival of the monkeys, 5 consecutive blood
      samples were obtained at approximately 2-wk intervals, and the sera were rested
      for neutralizing antibody against Herpesvirus simiae. In order to assure the
      greatest sensitivity possible, sera were not heat-inactivated and were tested
      against only 10 TCID50 units of virus in addition to the more commonly used
      concentration of 100 TCID50 units. The first test detected 80-90% of the positive
      animals within each group, and only 1 seroconversion was noted after the second
      test. Seventy-three percent of the adults, 36.6% of the young adults, and 12.4%
      of the juvenile macaques were found to be antibody-positive. Considering the
      measures employed to prevent cross contamination, these percentages probably
      reflect the true prevalence of B virus infection in these rhesus monkeys at the
      time of their capture in the wild.

PMID- 177808
TI  - Experimental viral infections of the inner ear. I. Acute infections of the
      newborn hamster labyrinth.
AB  - Acute viral infections of the inner ear were produced in neonatal hamsters.
      Viruses were inoculated percutaneously through the temporal cartilage into the
      endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces of the labyrinth or were inoculated
      intracerebrally to reach the perilymphatic spaces via the cochlear aqueduct.
      Selective vulnerability of inner ear structures was demonstrated using a variety
      of viruses. Influenza virus infected only the mesenchymal cells of the
      perilymphatic channels of the cochlea; mumps virus infected principally
      endolymphatic structures; herpes simplex virus infected primarily the sensory
      cells of the labyrinth; and rubeola and vaccinia viruses infected both
      perilymphatic and endolymphatic cells.

PMID- 177809
TI  - The induction of emphysema with elastase. II. Changes in connective tissue.
AB  - Both clinical and experimental evidence implicate proteolytic enzymes active
      against elastin in the pathogenesis of emphysema. Paradoxically, however, the
      elastin content of emphysematous human lungs at autopsy has been normal. When
      emphysema was produced in hamsters by a single intratracheal injection of 25
      units of porcine pancreatic elastase, the elastin content of the lungs was
      reduced from 1.40 +/- 0.22 mg. in controls to 0.43 +/- 0.10 mg. 24 hours after
      injection, and histologic sections showed that many elastic fibers had
      disappeared. The elastin content of the lungs gradually increased, approaching
      normal values by 2 months after injection. The incorporation of 14C-proline into
      elastin was markedly elevated during the first 2 weeks after injection,
      decreasing nearly to normal by 2 months. The synthesis of collagen was also
      increased, indicated by an increase in the collagen content of the lung, an
      increase in the prolyl hydroxylase activity, and an increase in incorporation of
      labeled proline into collagen. During the period of active resynthesis of
      elastin, small clumps of microfibrils and elastic fibrils were visible by
      electron microscopy within grooves on the surface of septal connective tissue
      cells in the lungs. Many elastic fibers seen in histologic sections up to 4
      months after injection were of abnormal configuration and disorganized.

PMID- 177810
TI  - Enzymatic determination of butane-2,3-diol in wines.

PMID- 177812
TI  - Estrogen receptor in mammary glands and uterus of rats during pregnancy,
      lactation and involution.

PMID- 177811
TI  - Acidic steroid metabolites: evidence for the excretion of C-21-carboxylic acid
      metabolites of progesterone in rabbit urine.

PMID- 177813
TI  - ATP-stimulated transmitter release and cyclic AMP synthesis in isolated
      chromaffin granules.
AB  - ATP stimulates chromaffin granules from the bovine adrenal medulla to release
      epinephrine and specific soluble proteins. ATP analogs substituted in the beta
      gamma position with either nitrogen or carbon were also found to be effective at
      inducing release from isolated chromaffin granules. However, an ATP analog
      substituted at the alpha-beta position with carbon was strongly inhibitory.
      Cyclic AMP was also found to be synthesized by isolated chromaffin granules under
      release conditions. ATP analogs were effective as substrates for adenylate
      cyclase in the same order as their efficiency for inducing release from vesicles.
      Hydrolysis at the beta-gamma linkage of ATP therefore is probably not necessary
      for release; however, hydrolysis at the alpha-beta position may be important in
      the release process. Cyclic AMP may be produced and play a regulatory role in
      this event.

PMID- 177814
TI  - DNA synthesis in cultured human fibroblasts: regulation by 3':5'-cyclic AMP.
AB  - The addition of serum to density-inhibited human fibroblast cultures induced a
      wave of DNA synthesis, measured as [3H] thymidine incorporation into acid
      precipitable material, beginning after 8-12 hr and reaching maximum levels of 16
      24 hr. Addition of dibutyryl-3':5'-cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) together with serum
      inhibited [3H] thymidine incorporation by 75-95%. When DBcAMP was added for the
      first 4 hr of serum stimulation and then removed, the wave of DNA synthesis was
      not delayed. This suggested that serum could induce DNA synthesis even though
      cyclic AMP concentrations were maintained at high levels by DBcAMP during this
      initial period. These results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that it is the
      immediate transient reduction in 3':5'-cyclic AMP concentration following the
      addition of serum that triggers DNA synthesis. By contrast, DBcAMP added 8 hr
      after serum inhibited [3H] thymidine incorporation to the same extent as DBcAMP
      added at the same time as serum. This indicated that a step essential for DNA
      synthesis and occurring late in G1 was inhibited by high concentrations of 3':5'
      cyclic AMP.

PMID- 177815
TI  - Insulin binding and glucose transport in the R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Cells dissociated from the R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma from intact and
      diabetic rats were examined for insulin binding and glucose transport. The Kd for
      insulin binding, approximately 10(--10) M, was similar in all tumors studied.
      However, the apparent number of receptor sites per cell increased in cells from
      diabetic rats. Kinetic analysis of 3-0-methyl glucose (3-OMG) entry showed both
      diffusional and passive carrier characteristics. Insulin (4 X 10(--9) M) in vitro
      did not affect diffusional entry, whereas the hormone altered the passive carrier
      system, as reflected by an increase in Km and Vmax. Insulin decreased initial
      velocity of glucose transport at 4--6 mM glucose levels but increased initial
      velocity of glucose transport at 20 mM glucose. An explanation of the role of
      insulin on tumor growth in vivo from effects on glucose transport in vitro is
      proposed.

PMID- 177816
TI  - Cooperative properties of hormone receptors in cell membranes.
AB  - The binding of many polypeptide hormones to cell surface receptors does not
      appear to follow the law of mass action. While steady-state binding data are
      consistent in many cases with either heterogeneous populations of binding sites
      or interactions of the type known as negative cooperativity, study of the
      kinetics of dissociation of the type known as negative cooperativity, study of
      the kinetics of dissociation of the hormone receptor complex allows an
      unambiguous demonstration of cooperative interactions. Negative cooperativity,
      which seems to be wide-spread among hormone receptors, provides exquisite
      sensitivity of the cell at low hormone concentrations while buffering against
      acutely elevated hormone levels. The molecular mechanisms underlying the
      cooperativity are still largely unknown. Cooperativity may stem from a
      conformational transition in individual receptors or involve receptor aggregation
      in the fluid membrane (clustering) or more extensive membrane phenomena. Thus,
      new models of hormone action must be considered which integrate the progress in
      our knowledge of both the complex mechanisms regulating hormone binding to their
      surface receptors, and the dynamic properties of the cell membrane.

PMID- 177817
TI  - Hormone receptor mobility and catecholamine binding in membranes. A theoretical
      model.
AB  - [3H]-Catecholamine binding to intact cells, isolated cell membranes, and to
      several isolated macromolecules has been shown by several laboratories to be
      neither stereospecific nor inhibited by known beta-antagonists. Since additional
      evidence indicates that this binding is not an artifact (i.e. due neither to the
      binding of a catecholamine oxidation product nor hormone binding to a catabolic
      enzyme such as COMT), the question remains as to whether this represents binding
      to a bona fide membrane receptor. Because all ligands which bind strongly or
      compete for this binding possess a catechol group, one possible explanation is
      that the binding affinity is primarily determined by the catechol moiety, whereas
      the correct stereoisomer of the side chain is necessary to activate the receptor.
      Thus, although binding is a necessary condition for hormone action, the necessary
      and sufficient condition for activation of adenyl cyclase is both the catechol
      group and the correct stereoisomer of the side chain. A theoretical model is
      developed here to provide a quantitative basis for this hypothesis. This model
      extends the current concept of distinct subunits in the adenyl cyclase system by
      separating the receptors from the catalytic sites and placing them at separate
      locations within the membrane. Utilizing the spare receptor model of Furchgott,
      and the mobility of macromolecules within a "lipid sea," the appropriate
      equations to predict both hormone binding and enzyme activation are derived.
      Using the observed affinity constants from catecholamine binding studies, it is
      then shown that this model can predict the experimental observation and hence
      explain the apparent dichotomy arising from binding enzyme activation studies.

PMID- 177818
TI  - Regulation of SV40-induced cell division and tumor antigen by dibutyryl adenosine
      3'-5'-monophosphate.
AB  - Simian virus 40 (SV40) induces cell division in microcultures of sparsely plated
      nongrowing mouse BALB/3T3 cells during acute infection at moderate multiplicities
      of infection (MOI = 10-100). The infected cells are killed when a MOI of 1,000 is
      used. SV40 tumor (T) antigen is synthesized in the infected cells, but viral DNA,
      virion antigen, and progeny virions are not synthesized (abortive infection). The
      addition of exogenous dibutyryl adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (dbcAMP) at the
      time of infection stimulates the SV40-induced cell division at all MOI and
      inhibits SV40-induced cell death at high MOI. The percentage of T antigen
      positive cells, as monitored by immunofluorescence, is also increased by the
      addition of dbcAMP at the time of infection. This regulation of SV40-induced cell
      division and T antigen formation by exogenous dbcAMP occurs within the first 6 hr
      after infection at 37 degrees C and is dependent upon both the MOI and the
      concentration of added dbcAMP. The addition of dbcAMP to productively infected
      TC7 monkey cells has litte effect on the SV40-induced cell death or T antigen
      formation.

PMID- 177819
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides and cell growth.
AB  - Growth induction in resting fibroblast cultures by serum or growth factors
      induces a fast, transient cGMP peak which may constitute the intracellular signal
      for growth. A similar cGMP peak occurs when 3T3 cells arrested at the restriction
      point or in G0 by starvation for certain amino acids are induced for growth by
      readdition of the lacking nutrients. Both 3T3 and SV3T3 cells which are arrested
      randomly all around the cell cycle do not exhibit major changes in cyclic
      nucleotides after growth induction. Determination of intracellular cAMP and cGMP
      levels in normal and transformed fibroblasts under different growth conditions
      shows that the transition between growing and resting state (G0 arrest) is
      accompanied and probably induced by characteristic changes in cAMP to cGMP
      ratios. cGMP is decreased 2-5-fold in resting as compared to growing cultures,
      and increased 10-20-fold in activated cultures 20 min after serum induction. No
      major cGMP change was observed in growing, confluent, or serum-activated cultures
      of transformed cells. Measurement of guanylcyclase under unphysiological
      conditions (2 mM Mn++) in crude and purified membranes from 3T3 and SV3T3
      cultures did not show increased enzyme activity in the transformed cells.
      Significant differences may only show up when synchronized cells pass through the
      restriction point in G1 phase. As a hypothesis it is proposed that transformed
      cells have an activated guanylcyclase system or a relaxed cGMP-pleiotypic
      response mechanism at the restriction point of their cell cycle.

PMID- 177820
TI  - Vasopressin-sensitive kidney adenylate cyclase: modulation of the hormonal
      response.
AB  - Vasopressin-sensitive pig kidney adenylate cyclase is sensitive to several
      effectors, such as Mg2+, other divalent cations, and guanyl nucleotides. The
      purpose of the present study was to compare the main characteristics of adenylate
      cyclase activation by vasopressin, Mg2+, and GMPPNP, respectively. Mg2+ ions were
      shown to exert at least three different effects on adenylate cyclase. The
      substrate of the adenylate cyclase reaction is the Mg-ATP complex. Mg2+ interacts
      with an enzyme regulatory site. Finally, Mg2+ can modulate the hormonal response,
      with Mg2+ ions affecting the coupling function--that is, the quantitative
      relationship between receptor occupancy and adenylate cyclase activation. At all
      the magnesium concentrations tested, from 0.25 mM to 16 mM, adenylate cyclase
      activation was not a direct function of receptor occupancy. At low Mg2+
      concentrations, adenylate cyclase activation dose-response curve to the hormone
      tended to be superimposable to the hormone dose-binding curve. These results
      suggest a role of magnesium at the coupling step between the hormone-receptor
      complex and adenylate cyclase response. Cobalt, but not calcium, ions could exert
      the same effects as Mg2+ ions on this coupling step. GMPPNP induced considerable
      adenylate cyclase activation (15 to 35 times the basal value). Activation by
      GMPPNP was highly time and temperature dependent. At 30 degrees C, a 20 to 60 min
      preincubation period in the presence of GMPPNP was needed to obtain maximal
      activation. The higher the dose of GMPPNP in the medium, the longer it took to
      reach equilibrium. At 15 degrees C, activation was still increasing with time
      after 3 hr preincubation in the presence of the nucleotide. GMPPNP was active in
      a 10(-8)M to 10(-5)M concentration range. Unlike the results obtained with lysine
      vasopressin, the kinetic characteristics of dose-dependent adenylate cyclase
      activation curves by GMPPNP were unaffected by varying Mg2+ concentrations except
      for the increase in velocity when raising Mg2+ concentration. It was not clear
      whether or not the activation processes by the hormone and by GMPPNP had common
      mechanisms.

PMID- 177821
TI  - Breast masses in males with carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Breast masses in male patients who have prostatic carcinoma may represent
      gynecomastia secondary to estrogen therapy, metastasis of the prostatic carcinoma
      to the breast, or a primary carcinoma of the breast. Accurate diagnosis of this
      lesion by biopsy and, if possible, histochemical determination of acid
      phosphatase is essential to determine prognosis and treatment. The patient with
      breast metastases from a primary prostatic carcinoma will survive on the average
      only 4 mo. However, in the patient with prostatic carcinoma, surgical treatment
      for a primary breast carcinoma may extend survival considerably.

PMID- 177822
TI  - Erythropoietin levels in Wistar-Furth Wilms' tumor rats.
AB  - Erythropoietin (ESF) levels were assayed in rats bearing the Wistar-Furth Wilms'
      transplantable tumor. Sites of tumor inoculation varied from subcutaneous,
      intramuscular, intrarenal (subcapsular), to intraperitoneal. Two-thirds of the
      animals exhibited ESF elevations without polycythemia, or severe anemia (HCT less
      than 30.0 vol%). The elevations of ESF were not detectably related to the time of
      sacrifice (age of the animal), size of the primary tumor, or number of gross
      metastatic foci. The diminished ESF response noted to animals given intramuscular
      tumor implantations is believed to reflect differences in tumor blood and
      lymphatic supply at the various sites of inoculation. The pattern of ESF
      responses in the Wistar-Furth Wilms' tumor model is thus quite similar to that
      which we have observed in man, and appears to represent an animal model for tumor
      related ectopic hormone release. The nature of the hormone is believed to differ
      from that seen in normal physiological states.

PMID- 177823
TI  - Azacyclopropenylidenimine: a low energy dimer of hydrogen cyanide.

PMID- 177824
TI  - The retrieval of learned information--a neurophysiological convergence-divergence
      theory.

PMID- 177825
TI  - Epicardial tumor-like angiofibromatous proliferative lesion. An unusual
      complication of coronary bypass surgery.
AB  - The first report of an unusual complication of coronary bypass surgery for
      myocardial revascularization is presented. In a dog used for experimental studies
      of internal mammary artery (IMA)-coronary bypass and killed three months later,
      the postmortem examination of the heart showed a tumor-like epicardial
      angiofibromatous nodule at the site of the IMA-left anterior descending (LAD)
      coronary artery anastomosis. The lesion, consisting of plexiform vascular
      channels in a fibrocollagenous stroma, measured 2 by 1.5 by 1 cm. This was the
      only lesion found in the animal. It was speculated that the lesion might have
      arisen from a hematoma developing at the site of arterial anastomosis.

PMID- 177826
TI  - Growth, body weight and bone maturation in children with hyposomatotrophic
      dwarfism under treatment with human growth hormone.

PMID- 177827
TI  - Quality-of-care assessment. I. Outpatient management of acute bacterial cystitis
      as the model.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine whether a process audit of outpatient medical
      care would correlate significantly with the outcomes of care and thus prove to be
      a valid method for assessing the quality of medical care in the outpatient
      setting. Acute bacterial cystitis in women was selected as the model for study. A
      series of 42 cases was reviewed by retrospective analysis of patient records
      supplemented by follow-up interviews and collection of a follow-up urine culture
      from each patient to document the outcome of treatment. No positive association
      was demonstrated between the processes for satisfactory care selected by the
      expert criteria committee and the observed outcomes. Reasons for this failure in
      the present study and for deficiencies of the process audit method in general are
      discussed.

PMID- 177828
TI  - Alcoholism: a general hospital meets the challenge.

PMID- 177829
TI  - The development of sex differences in the adrenal morphology and responsiveness
      in stress of rats from birth to the end of life.
AB  - The appearance and development of sex difference in the adrenal cortex of rats
      have been studied. Morphological and secretory differences between the adrenal
      cortex of female and male rats begin on the 40th day of postnatal life, when
      females respond in stress by a greater increase in plasma corticosterone
      concentration. The sex difference becomes fully manifest at the age of 55 days
      (females have heavier absolute and relative adrenal glands and respond to
      stressful stimuli by a greater increase in adrenal and plasma corticosterone
      concentrations). At the age of 11 to 23 months the adrenal corticosterone
      concentrations in stress are equal in both sexes, and the absolute adrenal
      weights are similar from 18.5 months until death. The body weight gain is equal
      in both sexes during the first 50 days of life and greater in males from day 50
      to 1 year of age. After this age the body weight of males remains almost the same
      (315 to 322 g)8 while females continue gaining weight until the end of life (196
      to 231 g). This possible causal relationship between the rhythm of growth and sex
      difference in the adrenal glands in rats is discussed.

PMID- 177830
TI  - Macrobodies in chick blastoderm.
AB  - The results of this study show that the epiblast cells of chick blastoderm at
      Hamburger-Hamilton stage 1 contain macrobodies which themselves contain particles
      resembling the 'lining bodies' described by Bellairs. Since different structures
      ranging from macrobodies to light vacuoles have been found, it seems probable
      that their contents are utilized at this stage. Typically, they are surrounded by
      mitochondria, some of which have an abnormal internal structure. At later
      developmental stages neither macrobodies nor abnormal mitochondria were observed.

PMID- 177831
TI  - Lowering appointment failures in a neighborhood health center.
AB  - Failure to keep appointments constitutes a barrier to the delivery of continuous
      care in many comprehensive health care facilities. At a neighborhood health
      center in Pittsburgh, Pa., 336 appointments were studied to determine whether
      reminder letters or reminder calls could improve compliance with appointments
      scheduled more than three weeks in advance. The failure rate in the control group
      was 38 per cent compared with 10 per cent for the letter reminder group and 9 per
      cent for the telephone reminder group. The differences in kept, cancelled, and
      failed rates between letter and telephone groups were not statistically
      significant (p greater than .05). The kept rate increased with patient's age in
      all three groups. Complicance was not affected by sex of the patient, length of
      time that appointment was scheduled in advance, or day of the week. Compliance
      was greatest among appointments scheduled for chronic illness follow-up and
      physical examinations, and least among appointments scheduled for "screening."

PMID- 177832
TI  - Basis and some diagnostic implications of electrocochleography.
AB  - Electrocochleography (ECoG) involves the recording of electrical responses to
      sound from the vicinity of the cochlea. The technique, as we practice it,
      utilizes a trans-tympanic recording needle situated on the promontory of the
      middle ear. Filtered clicks in the frequency range between 500 and 8,000 Hz are
      presented to the ear under test at a rate of 10/sec. Repetitive clicks of a given
      frequency are first presented at high intensity and the responses summed
      (averaged) in a computer. The click is systematically lowered in intensity, and 
      an average is collected at each level until the normal dynamic range of hearing
      has been explored. Two major electrical indices are present in the recording:
      these are 1. the whole-nerve action potential (AP) derived from the first-order
      auditory neurons, and 2. the cochlear microphonic (CM) derived from the hair
      cells. Inspection of the whole nerve AP as intensity is lowered allows the
      estimation of the response threshold, which correlates well with behavioral
      threshold. Inspection of the relation between the CM and the AP allows
      qualitative differentiation to be made between pathology arising in the hair cell
      (sensory) and in the nerve (neural).

PMID- 177834
TI  - Factors affecting the esterification of lipoprotein cholesterol by lecithin:
      cholesterol acyl transferase.

PMID- 177833
TI  - Aspiration cytology of salivary gland tumors: diagnostic experience from six
      years of routine laboratory work.
AB  - Fine-needle aspiration cytology has been used as a routine diagnostic instrument
      in patients with salivary gland lesions during 1966-1972. A retrospective
      analysis of the primary cytologic reports correlated with the revised final
      diagnoses in 461 patients where a pathologic report is available, shows exact
      agreement in 63 percent, good and not misleading agreement in a further 18
      percent, while false reports were initially given in 8 percent, and
      unsatisfactory specimens were obtained in 11 percent of the patients. On revision
      of the false reports it is found that with the present experience acquired over
      several years these can be reduced to under 5 percent. This analysis has also
      given indications upon which types of specimens are likely to cause diagnostic
      difficulties.

PMID- 177835
TI  - Hypolipidemic principles of Cicer arietinum: biochanin-A and formononetin.
AB  - Two isoflavones, biochanin-A and formononetin isolated from gram Cicer arietinum,
      have been shown to possess hypolipidemic properties for Triton WR-1339 induced
      hyperlipidemia in male albino rats, when administered as a crude extract or as
      individual compounds.

PMID- 177837
TI  - [Comparative studies on the reduction of lipids using clofibric acid and
      clofibrate in hyperlipoproteinemias].

PMID- 177836
TI  - Oxidation of N-methyl-gamma-tocopheramine to a nitroxide.
AB  - An unstable nitroxide identified by electron paramagnetic resonance spectra was
      obtained by oxidation of N-methyl-gamma-tocopheramine with peroxide and also by
      ultraviolet photooxidation.

PMID- 177838
TI  - [Traumatic lesions to the peripheral nerves].

PMID- 177839
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and the regulation of rat hepatic sterol synthesis:
      a reexamination based on Sutherland criteria.
AB  - Many investigators have reported that adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      at supraphysiologic concentrations (10(-4) M) suppresses lipogenesis in rat
      livers in vitro. The data in this report demonstrate that the phosphodiesterase
      inhibitor theophylline does not suppress sterol synthesis by itself nor does it
      potentiate the cyclic AMP-mediated suppression. In addition the cyclic AMP
      mediated effect was not specific as many structurally-related compounds including
      adenosine triphosphate, adenosine 5'-diphosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate,
      adenosine, coenzyme A, HMG coenzyme A, and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      suppressed sterol synthesis. The phenomenon of cyclic AMP-suppression of sterol
      synthesis does not fulfill two of the four criteria defined by Sutherland to
      assess whether a given metabolic effect is mediated by cyclic AMP. Therefore, we
      conclude that the cyclic AMP mediated suppression of sterologenesis is not a
      physiologic effect of the nucleotide.

PMID- 177840
TI  - Glucocorticoids and triglyceride transport: effects on triglyceride secretion
      rates, lipoprotein lipase, and plasma lipoproteins in the rat.
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism(s) of hyperlipidemia following glucocorticoid
      administration, dexamethasone (0.125 mg/Kg) was administered daily
      intramuscularly for 2 wk to male Sprague-Dawley rats and the effects on plasma
      triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol), lipoprotein neutral lipids, hepatic
      triglyceride secretion rates (TGSR; Triton), and epididymal fat lipoprotein
      lipase (LPL) were determined. Special measures were taken to maintain positive
      caloric balance and keep the weights of control and dexamethasone-treated animals
      comparable. Significant increases (p less than 0.001) in TG and very-low density
      lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride associated with no change in Chol and actual
      reduction in both triglyceride and cholesterol in low density lipoprotein (ldl)
      were observed in the steroid-treated animals. Dexamethasone treatment was
      associated with increased basal insulin and glucose levels, an insignificant
      increment in TGSR, and a highly significant reduction (p less than 0.001) in LPL.
      These findings suggest that glucocorticoid treatment increases splanchnic
      triglyceride production rates, but the resulting hypertriglyceridemia is
      primarily a consequence of impaired VLDL removal due to low adipose tissue LPL
      activity.

PMID- 177842
TI  - Acquired increases of human erythrocyte purine enzymes.
AB  - The alterations of three erythrocyte purine enzymes were studied in 12 patients
      with diseases associated with reticulocytosis, two patients with a partial
      deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, seven patients with
      severe megaloblastic anemia, and 14 normal subjects. The specific activity of
      adenine phosphoribosyltransferase was positively correlated (r = 0.81) with the
      reticulocyte percentate in ten patients with a normal hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase. Two apparent types of alterations of this enzyme were
      distinguished: (1) increased specific activity with a normal half life as in
      megaloblastic anemia, and (2) a prolonged half life with or without an elevation
      of specific activity as in the deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and
      phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase were increased in megaloblastic anemia,
      but were not correlated with the reticulocyte percentage and did not have a
      consistent change in the half life in the other disorders studied. The data show
      that acquired disorders associated with reticulocytosis may cause an elevation of
      the specific activity of purine enzymes in peripheral circulating erythrocytes.
      Therefore, these factors must be carefully considered in the interpretation of an
      elevated level of enzyme activity.

PMID- 177841
TI  - Simultaneous ectopic production of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
AB  - Two patients with cancer were evaluated in whom there was evidence for the
      simultaneous ectopic production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT).
      One patient had a gastric carcinoid and the other had a pancreatic islet cell
      carcinoma. Abnormal concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin were
      demonstrated by radioimmunoassay in the peripheral blood of each patient and in
      the gastric tumor. In the pancreatic tumor, immunohistologic studies also
      demonstrated the presence of CT and PTH and suggested that each hormone was
      produced by different cells of the tumor. Plasma concentrations of the hormones
      responded to functional tests of secretion and to tumor chemotherapy. These
      studies demonstrate the simultaneous ectopic production of the two
      physiologically antagonistic hormones, PTH and CT, and confirm their value as
      diagnostic markers for several types of malignancies.

PMID- 177843
TI  - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. XX. fasting:
      a model for altered glucose recognition by the B-cell.
AB  - The rate of glucose uptake and oxidation, the output of lactate, the net uptake
      of calcium, the release of preformed or newly synthesized insulin and, possibly
      to a lesser extent, the biosynthesis of proinsulin are all diminished in islets
      removed from fasted rats and exposed to glucose. Theophylline and dibutyryl
      adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate fail to fully restore a normal secretory
      response to glucose, despite the fact that they increase lactate production by
      the islets from fasted animals. The insulinotropic action of other secretagogues,
      including glyceraldehyde, leucine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and sulfonylurea is
      unaffected by prior fasting of the donor rats. The islets metabolism of
      glyceraldehyde is also unaffected by fasting. These data indicate that fasting is
      associated with a block in glucose metabolism in the early steps of glycolysis,
      prior to the triose-phosphate level, and suggest that the insulin secretory
      response to glucose may be closely dependent on the rate at which the hexose is
      metabolized by islet tissue.

PMID- 177844
TI  - Characterization of estrogen-binding proteins in sex steroid target cells growing
      in long-term culture.

PMID- 177845
TI  - Preparation of isolated rat liver cells.

PMID- 177846
TI  - Chronic cadmium poisoning.
AB  - Chronic cadmium poisoning occurs after prolonged exposure to the dust or fumes of
      cadmium-containing compounds. This paper describes the case of a pigment worker
      exposed to cadmium carbonate dust who exhibited many of the characteristic
      features of chronic cadmium poisoning.

PMID- 177847
TI  - Fanconi's familial hypoplastic anaemia with some unusual features.
AB  - A case of Fanconi's familial hypoplastic anaemia is described in a 48-year-old
      woman who had the usual haematological and constitutional abnormalities of this
      condition. Chromosomal studies on peripheral blood lymphocytes and direct marrow
      preparations demonstrated the chromosomal breaks previously described. The age of
      the patient and a congenital abnormality of breast development were unusual
      features, while the discovery of a benign liver tumour at necropsy is of
      interest, as the patient had received therapy with oxymetholone.

PMID- 177848
TI  - Electron microscopic studies on various types of inclusions found in autopsy
      cases. Part IV. Further observations on fine structures of spironolactone
      inclusion bodies.

PMID- 177849
TI  - [Hospital-acquired hepatitis type B. Report of 6 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Seroconversion was observed in 6 patients, indicating an infection with hepatitis
      virus B. All of these patients had been hospitalized with HBAg-positive persons a
      few weeks before, 5 of them because of acute hepatitis type A. While
      seroconversion was followed by acute hepatitis in 4 cases, the infection remained
      clinically silent in the other two patients. The second periods of illness were
      no attacks of relapsing hepatitis type A, as was indicated by HBAg. Vice versa
      superinfection of hepatitis B-patients with hepatitis virus A may occur, as is
      discussed in another case. Acute hepatitis is often transmitted in hospitals.
      Infective routes are discussed and means are described, by which is attempted, to
      reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired hepatitis.

PMID- 177850
TI  - [Ancient Egyptian and Christian-Arabic therapeutic art in philately].

PMID- 177851
TI  - [Significance of physical therapy in the management of damaged peripheral
      nerves].

PMID- 177852
TI  - [Chronic idiopathic hyperphosphatasia. Apropos of a case with malabsorption
      syndrome].

PMID- 177853
TI  - Viral respiratory infections.

PMID- 177854
TI  - Genetic and enzymatic analysis of a glycerol kinase deficient mutant in
      Neurospora crassa.
AB  - Genetic analysis showed that the glycerol non-utilizing isolate gly-u(234) of
      Neurospora crassa is derived by mutation in a nuclear gene situated in the right
      arm of linkage group I, about 2.2 cross-over units distal to ad-9 and 11 units
      proximal to nit-1. Enzymatic testings using a radiochemical method indicate that
      the mutant is deficient for the enzyme glycerol kinase. The radiochemical
      testings further indicate that the mutation has inactivated an inducible glycerol
      kinase, while a low residual activity may be due to a second, basal and non
      inducible glycerol kinase, in accordance with a proposal by North (1973, 1974)
      that Neurospora has two glycerol kinases with these properties.

PMID- 177855
TI  - Formation in vitro and in vivo of the isonicotinic acid hydrazide analogue of
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by lung nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      glycohydrolase.

PMID- 177857
TI  - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical regulation. A contribution to its
      assessment, development and disorders in infancy and childhood with special
      reference to plasma cortisol circadian rhythm.

PMID- 177858
TI  - Salt glands in birds and reptiles.

PMID- 177859
TI  - On the histoenzymology of the human stomach.
AB  - By means of histochemical methods, the stomach in the man was studied for some
      oxidoreducing enzymes and hydrolases. The surface epithelium displays in the
      fundic area a mean activity which grows intense in the pyloric area. The parietal
      cells show a very high mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, while the chief ones
      display a moderate oxidative activity. The pyloric glands exhibit a positive
      reaction for oxidoreducing enzymes with great differences of intensity from one
      cell to another. Around each principal and pyloric gland one can see an intense
      ATP-ase reaction in the endothelium of vessels and a very intense acid phosphate
      activity in the histiocytes. The submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa are
      very active for oxidoreduction and ATP-ase.

PMID- 177860
TI  - Pleomorphous macrocellular pulmonary carcinomas. An anatomoclinical study on 193
      cases.
AB  - A pathomorphologic study was carried out by the conventional histologic methods
      in 193 cases of pleomorphous macrocellular pulmonary carcinoma, of a total of
      1,637 cases of lung cancer diagnosed histologically between January 1, 1961 and
      December 31, 1974. In comparison to other histologic types, the incidence of
      macrocellular carcinomas was of 11.8%, 62.6% belonged to the 40-60 years age
      group, with male predominance. The results showed this carcinoma to be an
      autonomous type of neoplastic proliferation. The pathomorphologic particularities
      observed in the 193 cases and their evolution are conclusive arguments for
      considering pleomorphous macrocellular carcinomas as a separate histologic type
      in the classification of lung cancers. The term of pleomorphous macrocellular
      carcinoma appears to be the most comprehensive and in keeping with the histologic
      structure of these tumours. Cellular pleomorphism is an important diagnostic
      feature. Zones of specific differentiation observed in some cases may be included
      in the pleomorphism of these carcinomas. Notions of histogenesis are likewise
      discussed. It is increasingly assumed that these carcinomas are morphologically
      the expression of a cellular proliferation, differentiation and maturization
      response to the action of complex factors. The reduced stroma of these carcinomas
      indicate a more rapid increase of the tumoural parenchyma.

PMID- 177861
TI  - [Bacterial resistance factors as vectors for gene manipulation and gene therapy
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Bacterial resistance factors are extrachromosomal elements, consisting of
      circular closed, double stranded DNA. They may contain genes which make the host
      bacterium resistant to certain antibiotics. Such resistance factors have become
      important vectors for selective replication of specific segments of all kinds of
      DNA. Suitable DNA segments are obtained by treating DNA with restriction
      endonucleases of defined cutting properties. They can then be linked to the
      respective vector. It was thus possible to anneal DNA segments originating from
      the same, but also from different bacterial resistance factors. They gave
      biologically functional units. The annealed products can be propagated in
      bacteria. The relevant experiments are described. Their potential dangers for
      man, and efforts to agree on suitable safety regulations are discussed.

PMID- 177856
TI  - Protein-liposome interactions and their relevance to the structure and function
      of cell membranes.
AB  - Recent studies on the interactions of soluble proteins, membrane proteins and
      enzymes with phospholipid model membranes are reviewed. Similarities between the
      properties of such systems and the behavior of biomembranes, such as alterations
      in the redox potential of cytochrome c after binding to membranes and effects of
      phospholipid fluidity on (Na+K) ATPase activity, are emphasized. The degree of
      correspondence between the behavior of model systems and natural membranes
      encourages the continuing use of model membranes in studies on protein-lipid
      interactions. However, some of the data on the increase of surface pressure of
      phospholipid monolayers by proteins and increases in the permeability of
      liposomes indicate that many soluble proteins also have a capability to interact
      hydrophobically with phospholipids. Thus a sharp distinction between both
      peripheral and integral membrane proteins and non-membrane proteins are not seen
      by these techniques. Cautious use of such studies, however, should lead to
      greater understanding of the molecular basis of cell membrane structure and
      function in normal and pathological states. Studies implicating protein-lipid
      interactions and (Na+K) ATPase activity in membrane alterations in disease states
      are also briefly discussed.

PMID- 177862
TI  - [Conception of programmed and standardized after-care of mammary carcinoma
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Optimal after-care of mammary carcinoma begins with the end of the primary
      therapy and lasts practically for a lifetime. The after-care consists of several
      inpatient follow-ups in specially equipped follow-up clinics, of outpatient after
      care by the general practitioner and of care by appointment at the treatment
      center. Standardized diagnostic methods combined with programmed appointments
      form the basis of an effective after-care for mammary carcinoma. The essence of a
      programmed and standardized after-care for mammary carcinoma lies in the fact
      that all participants are forced into a uniform and scheduled procedure by which
      the observance of a minimum program is guaranteed.

PMID- 177864
TI  - The mutability of the minute loci of Drosophila melanogaster with ethyl
      methanesulfonate.
AB  - It has been suggested that the Minute loci of Drosophila melanogaster are the
      redundant structural loci for the transfer RNA's [31]. To inquire whether the
      Minute loci differed from other loci in their genetic organization we have
      determined the dose response curves for the induction of Minutes and sex-linked
      recessive lethals with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). There are approx. 67.75 +/-
      9.35 Minute mutants induced for every 5000 recessive lethals induced in the
      genome and this relationship is independent of EMS dosage. This is in good
      agreement with the relative numbers of Minute and lethal loci in the genome.
      Because the target size of the average Minute locus is the same as that of the
      average locus capable of mutating to a lethal, these data do not support the view
      that the Minute loci are special in their genetic organization. Since Minute
      mutants can be scored in the F1 of mutagenized flies it is suggested that the
      induction of Minute mutants may provide a more rapid and economical means of
      assessing mutagenicity than do traditional screens for the induction of recessive
      lethals.

PMID- 177863
TI  - [Effect of clofibrate on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in patients with
      endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (author's transl)].
AB  - In 22 patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, oral and intravenous glucose
      tolerance showed significant improvement under clofibrate treatment which was in
      no way correlated to the fall in triglycerides. Basal and stimulated insulin,
      cholesterol and fasting blood sugar did not change, body weight remained constant
      and was not correlated to the degree of hypertriglyceridemia. On the other hand a
      positive correlation between body weight and insulin concentrations was found.
      Improvement of glucose tolerance independently of body weight and insulin may be
      due to a direct effect of clofibrate on glucose metabolism without any
      correlation to its triglyceride-lowering.

PMID- 177865
TI  - Mutagenesis studies on cultured mammalian cells. The sensitivity of the
      asparagine-requiring phenotype to several chemical agents.
AB  - The effect of several chemical agents on the mutation frequency from asparagine
      dependence to asparagine independence has been studied in Jensen sarcoma cells.
      It was found that ethylmethanesulfonate brought about a dramatic exponential
      increase, while nitrosoguanidine was not lighly effective as a mutagen, causing
      only a modest increase in mutation frequency, and quinacrine HCl was ineffective.
      The results presented here are compared with those obtained in other systems and
      with our previous work on the effects of UV on mutation induction in the
      asparagine system. They suggest that the basis of the asparagine requirement of
      mammalian cell lines resides in a specific genetic alteration in nuclear DNA
      which is corrected by the mutagenic action of the agents tested here.

PMID- 177867
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 22-1976.

PMID- 177866
TI  - Adenine arabinoside therapy of herpes zoster in the immunosuppressed. NIAID
      collaborative antiviral study.
AB  - We evaluated adenine arabinoside treatment of herpes zoster in immunodeficient
      patients in a randomized, controlled crossover study. The two study groups had
      similar characteristics. In spite of rapid natural healing, those receiving
      adenine arabinoside over the first five days had accelerated clearance of virus
      from vesicles (P = 0.01), and cessation of new vesicle formation (P = 0.004), and
      a shorter time to total pustulation (P = 0.001). Factors modifying the response
      to therapy included age, underlying disease, and the duration of zoster prior to
      therapy. Clinical toxicity was minimal. Laboratory assessment of bone-marrow,
      liver and renal function showed insignificant alterations as a result of therapy.
      These studies show that adenine arabinoside is a drug with promise for therapy of
      systemic herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients. It is most efficacious when
      administered during the first six days of disease (P = 0.001) to those who have
      reticuloendothelial neoplasia (P = 0.001) and are less than 38 years of age (P =
      0.001).

PMID- 177868
TI  - Letter: Glucagon and blood sugar.

PMID- 177869
TI  - Myocardial infarction and estrogen therapy in post-menopausal women.
AB  - Data obtained from two multipurpose surveys of hospitalized patients were
      examined to determine the risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in post
      menopausal women 40 to 75 years of age in relation to use of estrogen-containing
      drugs. Eight (2.4 per cent) of 336 myocardial infarction patients and 330 (4.9
      per cent) of 6730 reference patients were regular estrogen users (crude rate
      ratio, 0.47) at the time of hospitalization. After control for confounding
      variables -- among them, age, past history of myocardial in farction, angina,
      diabetes, and hypertension (alone or in combination) and cigarette smoking -- the
      summary point estimate of rate ratio was 0.97 with 95 per cent confidence limits
      of 0.48 and 1.95. Thus, there was no evidence of a statistically significant
      association between current regular use of estrogens and nonfatal acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 177870
TI  - Estrogens and endometrial cancer in a retirement community.
AB  - All cases of endometrial cancer occurring among the residents of an affluent
      retirement community were compared with controls chosen from a roster of all
      women in the same community. Evidence of estrogen and other drug use and of
      selected medical conditions was obtained from three sources: medical records of
      the principal care facility, interviews, and the records of the local pharmacy.
      The risk ratio for any estrogen use was estimated from all available evidence to
      be 8.0 (95 per cent confidence interval, 3.5 to 18.1). and the for conjugated
      estrogen use to be 5.6 (95 per cent confidence interval, 2.8 to 11.1). Increased
      risk from estrogens was shown for invasive as well as noninvasive cancer, and a
      dose-response effect was demonstrated. For an estrogen user, the risk from
      endometrial cancer appeared to exceed by far the base-line risk from any other
      single cancer.

PMID- 177871
TI  - Mechanism of action of the sex steroid hormones (first of three parts).

PMID- 177872
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis. Epstein-Barr-virus shedding in saliva and the
      oropharynx.
AB  - In an examination of excretion patterns of Epstein-Barr virus in 104 throat
      washings from 20 patients with infectious mononucleosis we found that three
      persons regularly shed virus from the second week through the third month after
      onset; 15 demonstrated intermittent excretion over three months, and in two
      cases, no virus was detected. In oral secretions, the virus appeared to be
      located extracellularly. Transforming activity was demonstrated in aliquots after
      centrifugation and filtration, in a sample in which cells were disrupted before
      filtration, and in specimens after two years' storage. Multiple oropharyngeal
      sites were examined for presence of the virus. In one patient, virus was
      regularly demonstrated in throat washings and saliva; swabs from Stensen's duct
      orifices yielded virus in three of four cases. Demonstration of virus in these
      oropharyngeal specimens explains increased transmissibility in age groups in
      which salivary exchange is high.

PMID- 177873
TI  - Radiation and high-dose metronidazole in supratentorial glioblastomas.
AB  - We used "high-dose" metronidazole, an "in vitro" and "in vivo" specific
      radiosensitizer of hypoxic cells, in a controlled trial to evaluate possible
      enhancement of radiation effect in patients with supratentorial glioblastomas.
      Thirty-six patients were stratified according to functional level and randomly
      allocated within two weeks of operation to one of two therapeutic groups: Group
      1, radiation alone; and Group 2, radiation as in Group 1 but with high-dose
      metronidazole. We examined survival with the Kaplan-Meier probability plot and
      non-parametric tests. Patients in Group 2 had a 4 1/2-month delay between relapse
      and subsequent death (P = 0.02). This shift of the survival curves suggests a
      delay in the time of tumor regrowth consistent with the ability of metronidazole
      to make the hypoxic tumor cells less radioresistant. Nitroimidazole derivatives
      may be useful radiosensitizers in human solid tumors.

PMID- 177874
TI  - Mechanism of action of the sex steroid hormones (second of three parts).

PMID- 177875
TI  - Familial hypercholesterolemia: A genetic defect in the low-density lipoprotein
      receptor.

PMID- 177876
TI  - Editorial: Hypoxic cell radiosensitizers.

PMID- 177877
TI  - Letter: Epstein-Barr viral antibodies and leukocyte-transforming agent in
      infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 177879
TI  - Effect of nerve growth factor on synaptic depression after axotomy.

PMID- 177878
TI  - Diurnal rhythm in rat pineal cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity.

PMID- 177880
TI  - Insulin stimulates active sodium transport in toad bladder by two mechanisms.

PMID- 177881
TI  - Uptake and catabolism of low density lipoprotein by human lymphocytes.

PMID- 177882
TI  - Nuclear retention of receptor-oestrogen complex and nuclear acceptor sites.

PMID- 177883
TI  - External cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity in rat C-6 glioma cells.

PMID- 177884
TI  - H-2 region product as determinant in immune cytolysis of syngeneic tumour cells
      by anti-MSV T lymphocytes.

PMID- 177885
TI  - Plasmin-mediated agglutination by concanavalin A of 3T3 cells cocultured with
      SV40-3T3 transformants.

PMID- 177886
TI  - Thymic factor in human sera demonstrable by a cyclic AMP assay.

PMID- 177887
TI  - Human foetal pituitary peptides and parturition.

PMID- 177888
TI  - Metabolic cooperation between human fibroblasts with normal and with mutant
      superactive phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase.

PMID- 177889
TI  - Altered glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in bromodeoxyuridine-substituted cells.

PMID- 177890
TI  - Increased membrane fluidity implicated in acceleration of decay of post-tetanic
      potentiation by alcohols.

PMID- 177891
TI  - Susceptibility of chickens to avian encephalomyelitis virus. II. Behavior of the
      virus in day-old chicks.
AB  - The VR strain of avian encephalomyelitis virus, which had been adapted to
      embryonated hen's eggs, was inoculated into 2-day-old chicks by the subcutaneous
      route (10(2.5) approximately 10(3.0) EID50) or by the oral route (10(4.8) EID50).
      The chicks were examined chronologically for the distribution of the virus in the
      body. As a result, minute amounts of the virus were detected from the liver,
      spleen, pancreas, and muscle at the site of inoculation one day after inoculation
      and various amounts from almost all the organs 3 days and more after inoculation.
      The virus titer could nearly reach a maximum 7 to 9 days after inoculation. Above
      all, such high virus titers as ranging from 10(4.3) to 10(5.8) EID50/0.1 g were
      demonstrated in the brain, heart, liver, spleen, and pancreas. After that, there
      was a tendency for virus titer to decrease in most organs and for virus to
      multiply persistently in the pancreas, brain, and eyeball. Virus titer was
      maintained at a level of 10(2.3) approximately 10(2.8) EID50/0.1 g in these three
      organs even 21 days after inoculation. In the group of subcutaneous inoculation,
      all the chicks manifested clinical signs of infection 5 to 10 days after
      inoculation. On the other hand, no chicks were involved in clinical infection in
      the group of oral inoculation. Multiplication of the virus was delayed in the
      body of these chicks. Small amounts of the virus were detected from the spleen
      and pancreas 11 days after inoculation. Low titers (10(2.7) EID50/0.1 g at the
      highest) of the virus were only detected from the brain, spinal cord, spleen,
      pancreas, esophagus, and other organs 14 and 21 days after inoculation.

PMID- 177892
TI  - Pathogenicity for chicks of line cells from lymphoma of Marek's disease.
AB  - Pathogenicity for chicks of the MSB-1 line, a cell line derived from the tumorous
      tissue of a chick with Marek's disease (MD) and established by Akiyama & Kato,
      was studied. Five groups, including a control one, of 20 chicks each were
      inoculated with 1 X 10(3), 1 X 10(4), 1 X 10(5), 1 X 10(6) and no cells of a 180
      day culture of the cell line at one day of age. They were housed all together in
      an isolation unit. An attempt was first made successfully to isolate MD virus
      (MDV) directly in culture of kidney cells 3 weeks after inoculation. Horizontal
      infection was first detected 4 weeks after inoculation. From 3 weeks after
      inoculation on, the disease with almost the same clinical and pathological
      pictures as the infection with a virulent strain of MDV showed a high incidence.
      Morbidity was closely related to the number of MSB-1 line cells inoculated.
      Parenchymal destruction was conspicuous in the central lymphoid organs of four
      chicks given the largest number of MSB-1 line cells and sacrificed in extremis
      about 4 weeks after inoculation. Establishment of MD in chicks inoculated with
      MSB-1 line cells carrying MDV genome seemed to be initiated under the
      circumstances where the line cells which had come into contact with susceptible
      cells in the peritoneal cavity released virulent MDV per se. Then host chicks
      might be infected with MDV and suffer from MD at a high rate. There was no great
      difference in oncogenic potential between MSB-1 line cells cultivated in vitro
      for 180 days and virulent MDV serially passaged through one-day-old chicks.

PMID- 177893
TI  - Viral antigen production in horse kidney cell cultures infected persistently with
      equine infectious anemia virus.

PMID- 177894
TI  - Recrudescence of equine infectious anemia by treatment with immunosuppressive
      drugs.
AB  - Horses which had passed a few months to a few years asymptomatically after the
      last recurrence of equine infectious anemia (EIA) showed a typical febrile
      response after treatment with the immunosuppressive agent, dexamethasone (DM) or
      cyclophosphamide (CY). In horses showing a febrile response, EIA virus which had
      not been neutralized by neutralizing antibody previously produced was propagated.
      In DM-treated horses it disappeared from the blood soon after pyretolysis and
      antibody against the virus was produced promptly. In contrast, detectable viremia
      persisted in CY-treated horses for 10 to 84 days after pyretolysis. Antibody
      against the virus was barely produced for 42 to 126 days after treatment. After
      drug treatment, there was no decrease in neutralizing antibody previously
      produced. Then, it was inferred that this febrile response was due to propagation
      of an immunologically variant virus which might have been produced as a result of
      decline in cell-mediated immunity. The role of cellular mechanisms in the
      development of immunity to EIA was also discussed.

PMID- 177895
TI  - [Transmission of impulse trains by nerve fibers upon near-threshold stimulation].
AB  - Impulse trains evoked by stimulation of the hindlimb nerves were studied in group
      A fibres at the lumbar level of spinal cord in anesthetized cats. Random
      (Poissonian) trains fo stimuli and trains with modified structure were used. With
      suprathreshold stimulation the impulse trains in the nerve fibres differed from
      the stimulus trains only by the absence of the shortest (less than 1.0 divided by
      1.5 ms) intervals caused by refracteriness. Substantial differencies between the
      impulse and stimulus trains occurred when the stimulus intensity was decreased to
      a near-threshold level and mean frequency of stimulation was higher than 10 per
      second. Differences were found in interval histograms, intensity functions,
      correlation coefficients for successive intervals. Afterdischarge processes in
      the nerve fibres are supposed to be the main reason of changes in the impulse
      train structure.

PMID- 177896
TI  - [Acute encephalitis in double infection with herpes simplex and influenza A2(68)
      viruses].

PMID- 177897
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of the dissociation quotient in the Hamburg-Wechsler
      intelligence test].

PMID- 177898
TI  - Growth potential and skeletal maturity in children with chronic renal
      insufficiency.
AB  - The growth potential of 27 boys with varying degrees of chronic renal
      insufficiency has been determined from their present height centile for both bone
      age and chronological age. With increasing age their growth potential diminishes.
      The delay in bone age is greatest in those children whose disease dates from
      infancy, but does not correlate with their present state of renal function. Bone
      age continues to advance in the presence of severe osteodystrophy and growth
      arrest. Knowledge of the growth potential of children with chronic renal failure
      is of relevance in interpreting the height increments observed following renal
      transplantation. Serial determination of bone age is therefore an important
      aspect of their clinical management.

PMID- 177899
TI  - [Importance of early hormonal treatment of salaam seizures for the further course
      of epilepsy in children].
AB  - The authors analysed 13 cases of West's syndrome (8 females and 5 males observed
      in a period of 30 months. In only one case there was history of perinatal trauma.
      In 7 children the psychomotor development was very good until the time of
      development of seizures, in 2 children hyperexcitability was present, 1 was
      obese, 2 had various infections. In 7 cases the seizures developed within 1 to 20
      days after DiPerTe or poliomyelitis vaccination. The time from the onset of
      seizures to beginning of hormonal treatment ranged from 4 weeks to 5 months.
      Corticosteroids or ACTH were administered for 2 months at least, and
      benzodiazepine drugs and/or phenobarbital were given additionally. It was found
      that the effects of treatment were much better in children referred for treatment
      early after onset of seizures. In cases with delayed hormonal treatment mental
      retardation was considerable and seizures were frequent.

PMID- 177900
TI  - Effects of an intraventricular injection of synthetic ACTH on plasma
      testosterone, progesterone and LH levels and on sexual behavior in male and
      female rabbits.
AB  - Sexual behavior and elevation of gonadal steroids were induced in both male and
      female New Zealand white rabbits following injection of synthetic beta (1-24)
      ACTH into the lateral cerebral ventricle. In blood assays collected by cardiac
      puncture, testosterone, progesterone and corticosterone were all increased above
      both resting levels and samples were taken after a control intraventricular
      injection of physiological saline. Parallel increases of plasma LH were also
      demonstrated. The results were interpreted to indicate that intraventricular
      ACTH, through LH release, influences sex hormone levels and sexual behavior by
      'centrally', probably within the hypothalamus.

PMID- 177901
TI  - Actions of ketamine on synaptic transmission in frog sympathetic ganglia.

PMID- 177902
TI  - Rapid eye movement sleep alterations in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The nocturnal sleep patterns of 10 patients with myasthenia gravis and five
      controls were recorded in the conventional manner for 7 hours on two consecutive
      nights. One patient was retested 4 weeks after institution of prednisone therapy.
      All the myasthenics had a significant disturbance in rapid eye movement (REM)
      sleep cycles. In the patient who was retested after clinically successful
      prednisone therapy, the REM sleep pattern had become normal. Since acetylcholine
      is the putative brain stem transmitter substance involved in the maintenance of
      REM sleep, our findings suggest a disturbed central mechanism of acetylcholine in
      myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 177904
TI  - Pain in peripheral neuropathy related to rate and kind of fiber degeneration.
AB  - In a series of 72 patients with disease of peripheral neurons, neuropathic
      painfulness of the foot was found to be related to the rate and kind of nerve
      fiber degeneration. Patients with acute breakdown of myelinated fibers (either by
      wallerian or axonal degeneration) tend to have pain more often and to a greater
      degree than do patients with more chronic forms of nerve fiber degeneration.
      Neuropathic painfulness was not found to be related simply to the ratio of
      remaining large and small fibers after nerve fiber degeneration. These studies do
      not fit the expectation of the proponents of the gate theory of pain.

PMID- 177903
TI  - Electrophysiologic diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and the regional curare test.
AB  - Two hundred and fifty consecutive patients were evaluated for myasthenia gravis
      with repetitive supramaximal stimulation of peripheral nerves and regional curare
      administration when necessary. Among patients with definite generalized
      myasthenia gravis, 72 percent had abnormal responses to repetitive supramaximal
      stimulation alone and another 17 percent had abnormal responses after regional
      curare administration. Among those with possible generalized myasthenia gravis,
      15 percent had abnormal responses to repetitive supramaximal stimulation and
      another 12 percent had abnormal responses after regional curare administration.
      Of those with only ocular symptoms, 46 percent had abnormal responses to
      repetitive supramaximal stimulation before or after regional curare
      administration, suggesting generalized involvement. Myasthenia gravis has not
      developed subsequently in any of the equivocal patients with negative electric
      tests. We have found these electric procedures to be simple, safe, and at least
      as effective as other methods in diagnosing myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 177906
TI  - [Electron microscopic changes in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of rat
      hypothalamus following ACTH administration].

PMID- 177905
TI  - The acetylcholine receptor in normal and pathologic states. Immunoperoxidase
      visualization of alpha-bungarotoxin binding at a light and electron-microscopic
      level.
AB  - Acetylcholine receptor now can be visualized in the muscle sarcolemmal membrane
      with the use of an immunoperoxidase staining of alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BT), a
      substance that binds specifically to the acetylcholine receptor. This technique
      has allowed new observations in various neuromuscular diseases in which the
      acetylcholine receptor is affected. In normal muscle, the acetylcholine receptor
      is confined to the neuromuscular junction. In both experimental denervation and
      human denervating illnesses, the acetylcholine receptor becomes present diffusely
      along the muscle sarcolemmal membrane in denervated fibers. In myasthenia gravis,
      a circulating factor that blocks alpha BT binding to the acetylcholine receptor
      of either normal neuromuscular junctions or denervated sarcolemmal membranes is
      present in 68 percent of serums tested.

PMID- 177907
TI  - [Medical complications of human renal homograft].

PMID- 177908
TI  - Iron and immunocompetence.

PMID- 177910
TI  - Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone; clinicopathologic study of 18
      patients.

PMID- 177909
TI  - Insulin receptors, insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity.

PMID- 177911
TI  - Koilocytotic atypia of the cervix.
AB  - Koilocytotic atypia was found in 217 of 858 cervical biopsies obtained during a
      26-month period. Koilocytotic change was more common in younger women. Nuclear
      atypia in the koilocytotic cells was associated with cervical dysplasia in a high
      proportion of cases. There was a significant difference in the incidence of
      dysplasia in koilocytosis with marked nuclear atypia when compared to
      koilocytosis without nuclear atypia. In some cases koilocytosis was associated
      with vesicular changes in the cervical epithelium. The significance of this
      change and its association with other abnormalities of the cervix is discussed.

PMID- 177912
TI  - Cytomegalic virus disease in pregnancy.
AB  - A case report is presented in which cytomegalic virus inclusion bodies were
      demonstrated in twin placentas and in both infants. This is the fourth such
      report in the English language literature. The case also demonstrated
      interlocking of the fetal heads requiring decapitation of the dead twin in order
      to deliver the surviving twin. The survivor showed gross stigmas of cytomegalic
      viral disease.

PMID- 177913
TI  - OHN: emerging keystone of plant medical surveillance.

PMID- 177916
TI  - Let's get some answers on nurse role expansion.

PMID- 177915
TI  - Planning keeps wards, wings safe.

PMID- 177914
TI  - Cite OSHA for violations.

PMID- 177917
TI  - Close disease surveillance, environmental awareness are epidemiological keys.

PMID- 177918
TI  - Dichloromethane produces narcotic effect.

PMID- 177919
TI  - Industry needs more data on job-related lung hazards.

PMID- 177921
TI  - Environmental and clinical aspects of nitroglycol and nitroglycerin exposure.

PMID- 177920
TI  - Sweden attacks toxic substances.

PMID- 177922
TI  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma. Analysis of fifty oral cases.
AB  - Fifty cases of oral minor salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are
      analyzed and reported. Oral ACC frequently masquerades as a benign neoplasm, and
      in the majority of cases there is no pain or ulceration. The most common location
      is in the palate; a plea is made for incisional biopsy of all oral lesions
      suspected of salivary gland origin. Survival rates show a progressive decrease
      with time, and there were no survivors beyond 20 years. In this study, there was
      a positive correlation between duration of the lesion before diagnosis and the
      salvage rate, but no correlation was found with the size of the presenting
      lesion.

PMID- 177923
TI  - Syndactyly and polydactyly.

PMID- 177924
TI  - Resection therapy of malignant tumours of the shoulder girdle.
AB  - Based on 30 resections in the shoulder region, operation techniques and results
      are precisely described with a view to curing and functioning. In the case of
      radical resections the rate of recurrences and cures in patients are the same as
      the rate of ablations. As the function of the hand is not impaired, this is a
      considerable advantage over amputations, although the cosmetic result of a
      resection may appear insufficient. In humerus resections bending contractures may
      frequently occur in the elbow joint and previous radiation may occasionally cause
      interior decubitus and exculceration. With an endoprosthetic replacement of the
      proximal humerous complications may be avoided, as experience with ceramic
      implants proved in 3 cases.

PMID- 177925
TI  - Application of cytochemical methods for visualization of hypoxic cells in human
      breast tumors.

PMID- 177926
TI  - Dosimetry problems in endolymphatic curietherapy.

PMID- 177927
TI  - [Regulation of the biosynthesis of macromolecules of the intercellular corneal
      matrix].
AB  - The influence of a 1M CaCl2 extract and of a collagenase digest of corneal stroma
      of the biosynthesis of the macromolecules of corneal stroma was investigated.
      Calf corneas were incubated "in vitro" with radioactive tracers (14C-L-proline;
      3H-D-glucosamine or 35SO4) in the presence or absence of the above extracts.
      After incubation the corneas are submitted to a fractional extraction in order to
      separate the major macromolecular fractions of the stroma. An increase in
      incorporation of all tracers is observed in the 1M CaCl2 (CTC), TCA and urea
      extracts (containing resp. the diffusible macromolecules, proteoglycans,
      polymeric collagen and structural glycoproteins) in the presence of the
      macromolecular extracts and also with the collagenase-hydrolysate of cornea.
      These results show the existence of a stimulation of the biosynthesis of
      intracellular matrix macromolecules of the cornea by corneal extracts, probably
      through positive "feedback" type of mechanism.

PMID- 177928
TI  - [Stereological analysis of the degranulation and the contraction of platelets.
      Application to the ultrastructural study of thrombin induced excretion in vitro].
AB  - A stereological model, which provides quantitative information on the morphology
      of the platelet release reaction as isolated from platelet aggregation, was
      developed for the human platelets separated from blood by Mustard's procedure.
      Three morphologically defined spaces (granules, surface-connected canalicular
      system S.C.S., cytoplasm) were used to characterize platelet degranulation (with
      the variation of the volume density of the granules) and contraction (with the
      variation of the volume density of both granules and S.C.S.). This model was
      applied to the evaluation of ultrastructural changes associated with the thrombin
      induced release reaction. Degranulation and contraction were associated in the
      platelets which had been allowed to release for 1,5 and 150 sec. Under conditions
      of the study, prostaglandins E1 (10(-7) M) inhibited both degranulation and
      contraction (p less than 0,001). Aspirin (10(-4) M) only inhibited contraction (p
      less than 0.01) and dibutyryl-AMPc (10(-4)) only inhibited granulation (p less
      than 0,001).

PMID- 177929
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the blood platelets in the newborn infant and in the young
      mongolian child. Study of 13 cases].
AB  - Blood platelets from infant and new born mongolians were examined and compared
      taking into consideration existing or non existing haematologic anomalies, such
      as transitory leucoblastosis with or without hyperthrombocytosis and acute
      leucosis without thrombopenia. These abnormalities were correlated with the
      analysis of control samples from haematologically normal new-born and premature
      children as well as samples from adult mongolian, patients with other chromosomal
      alterations (13-15, phi) and new-born or adults with thrombocytosis. The presence
      of dysmorphic platelets could be observed in variable degrees and numbers in all
      the mongolian samples. The characters of the morphologic abnormalities,
      constantly observed with variations due to pathological causes, denote either
      metabolic or structural thrombopathy.

PMID- 177930
TI  - [Herpes simplex virus in the saliva of immunosuppressed patients (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Attempts to isolate Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) from the saliva of patients
      submitted to immunosuppressive drugs after renal transplantation were undertaken
      in the early part of the week following the graft. Results showed that the virus
      constantly appeared in the salvia of patients with serological positive tests to
      HSV. The presence of HSV was generally detected a few days before the appearance
      of the clinical disease.

PMID- 177931
TI  - Lipid accumulation in a hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hypoglycaemia.
AB  - Four serial specimens over 18 months from a hepatocellular carcinoma associated
      with hypoglycaemia were studied by light microscopy. Ultrastructural study was
      possible for two of the specimens. Progressive fatty metamorphosis of the tumour
      cells was observed. The mechanism postulated was that of diversion of
      carbohydrate metabolism to lipogenesis due to enzyme disruption and dextrose
      infusion. The possibility of a defect in lipid transport was also considered.

PMID- 177932
TI  - [Effect of benzene poisoning on some cytochemical reactions in rabbit
      granulocytes].

PMID- 177933
TI  - [Chemodectoma laryngis].

PMID- 177934
TI  - [Chemodectoma malignum glomeris carotici].

PMID- 177935
TI  - [Coexistence of nephroblastoma and hepatoblastoma in a 5-year-old boy].

PMID- 177937
TI  - The role of abdominal sonography in pediatric diagnosis.

PMID- 177938
TI  - The "torch syndrome.

PMID- 177936
TI  - [The coma in a woman already mono-ovariectomized and irradiated].

PMID- 177939
TI  - Hyperdynamic heart failure due to A-V fistula associated with Wilms' tumor.

PMID- 177940
TI  - [Anatomo-cyto-pathology and clinico-nosological classification of histiocytosic
      syndromes in children].

PMID- 177941
TI  - [Enzymatic status of neutrophils in children with different forms of exudative
      diathesis].

PMID- 177942
TI  - [Lesions of the central nervous system in cytomegaly in children].

PMID- 177943
TI  - Cystic diseases of the kidney in children.
AB  - Many genetically determined cystic kidney disorders occur in children. Presenting
      manifestations related to the kidney include failure to thrive, abdominal
      enlargement or flank masses, progressive renal failure, or urinary tract
      infection. Radiological techniques often yield information helpful in
      establishing the type and extent of renal lesions. Cataloging the cystic renal
      disease in terms of genetic patterns, the involvement of liver or another organs,
      and the nature of the disorder of renal architecture is helpful in establishing
      the proper handling of affected children, and in genetic counseling.

PMID- 177945
TI  - [Mechanism of action of prostaglandins].

PMID- 177944
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in fever
      genesis.
AB  - In rabbit cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during fever induced by endotoxins,
      myxoviruses, or endogenous pyrogen, concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and prostaglandin E (PGE) are about 2-fold higher in
      comparison to normal values. In endotoxin treated animals paracetamol reduced the
      fever reaction and both PGE and cyclic AMP levels. Administration of theophyllin
      together with endotoxin enhanced the fever reaction and cyclic AMP levels in CSF,
      but had no influence on stimulation of PGE synthesis. Following injection of PGE2
      into the lateral cerebral ventricles increased cyclic AMP concentrations were
      found in CSF. The results suggest, that the pyrogenic effect of PGE is mediated
      by stimulation of cerebral cyclic AMP synthesis.

PMID- 177946
TI  - [Sexual side-effects of spironolactones. Possible mechanisms of their anti
      androgen action].
AB  - Spirolactones (spironolactone, potassium canrenoate) may produce secundary sexual
      effects such as gynecomastia in man and menstrual disturbances in women. The
      mechanism of action of the antiandrogenic effects has been studied in man and
      rat. Acute i.v. injection of potassium canrenoate into man results in a decrease
      of plasma testosterone, without any change of gonadotropins. This decrease might
      be due to an impaired testicular steroidogenesis. On the other hand,
      spirolactones have an antiandrogenic effect at the target cells level. They do
      not modify the prostate 5alpha-reductase activity; however, they do inhibit the
      binding of androgens to their receptors. Thus the spirolactones interact with
      both biosynthesis and peripheral action of androgens.

PMID- 177948
TI  - [Letter: Use of stannotechnetiated (99mTc) pyrophosphate for the diagnosis of
      cerebrovascular accidents].

PMID- 177947
TI  - [Letter: Peripheral neuropathy probably due to anticholinesterasic insecticides].

PMID- 177949
TI  - [Letter: Hepatoma after prolonged estrogen therapy].

PMID- 177951
TI  - [Letter: A new cyto-clinical form of myeloma].

PMID- 177950
TI  - [Association of nephrotic syndrome and Hodgkin's disease. Role of the Epstein
      Barr virus].
AB  - The clinical association between glomerulonephrtis (GN) and malignant
      hematological disease is very rare. We report, in a 24 years old male, the
      occurrence of an apparently idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with minimal change
      glomerular lesions. This GN was in fact closely related to the progression of a
      stage 2A of Hodgkin's disease, following an infectious mononucleosis contracted
      one year ago. The nephrotic syndrome responded well to the therapy by Prednisone
      and Chlorambucil, and the complete remission persisted after eradication of
      Hodgkin's disease and despite early treatment discontinuation. Renal vein
      thrombosis, renal amyloidosis and renal interstitial infiltration with malignant
      cells were ruled out. Immunofluorescent and electron microscopy examination of
      the renal biopsies were consistent with, but not demonstrative of, an immune
      complex nephritis. Because of the chronological succession of infectious
      mononucleosis, Hodgkin's disease, and GN, we are stressing the possible oncogenic
      and immunogenic role of the Epstein-Barr virus.

PMID- 177952
TI  - [Letter: Radioisotope scanning of the choroid plexus].

PMID- 177954
TI  - Alternative medicine: radionics.

PMID- 177953
TI  - Teaching discharge planning.

PMID- 177956
TI  - Alternative medicine: therapeutic touch.

PMID- 177955
TI  - Alternative medicine: Kirlian photography.

PMID- 177957
TI  - [Selected problems from the enzymatic diagnosis of cervix neoplasms].

PMID- 177959
TI  - Electron microscopic findings in rat hypophysis after adrenalectomy and
      administration of ACTH. I. Adenohypophysis.
AB  - Ultrastructural changes in the secretory lobe of rat hypophysis following
      bilateral adrenalectomy and a single subcutaneous administration of 1 i.u. of
      ACTH were studied. Both after adrenalectomy and ACTH administration,
      ultrastructural changes were found to appear exclusively in one type of secretory
      cells. After adrenalectomy, pictures were found in these cells indicative of
      increased synthesis of the secretory granulations. One hour after the
      administration of ACTH the ACTH-secreting cells showed features of decreased
      secretory activity.

PMID- 177958
TI  - Histochemistry of hormonally active ovarian tumors.
AB  - Thirty-five ovarian tumors were examined (7 granulosa-cell tumors, 2 thecomas, 4
      dysgerminomas, 6 mucinous cystadenomas, 10 serous cystadenomas, 2
      adenocarcinomas, 3 Krukenberg tumors and 1 early embryonic tumor). The granulosa
      cell tumors showed high activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and the
      changed cells of their stroma--that of glucose-6 phosphate and isocitrate
      dehydrogenases. The activity of the latter enzymes was striking also in thecomas.
      Dysgerminomas showed high alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and nonspecific
      esterase activities. The authors emphasize the role of stromal cells in the
      hormonal activity of ovarian neoplasms.

PMID- 177961
TI  - Fasting hypoglycemia. A clinicopathologic conference from Veterans Administration
      Hospital Hines, Illinois.

PMID- 177960
TI  - Electron microscopic findings in rat hypophysis after adrenalectomy and
      administration of ACTH. II. Neurohypophysis.
AB  - Electron-microscopic changes in the neural lobe of the rat hypophysis following
      adrenalectomy and a single administration of ACTH were studied. Twelve hours
      after adrenalectomy, a decrease in the amount of neurosecretory substances was
      observed, manifested by a small number of elementary granules of high electron
      density and, by the appearance of a great number of optically empty vesicles and
      masses of membrane-free material of low electron density. The increased secretion
      of neurosecretory substances after adrenalectomy seems to be related to the
      increased requirement of the organism for the ACTH-releasing factor. One hour
      after administration of ACTH, a picture was observed suggestive of the release of
      neurosecretory substances from the neural lobe fibers, which is probably
      connected with disturbances in the composition of blood electrolytes accompanying
      the excess of adrenocortical hormones.

PMID- 177962
TI  - Viral infections that affect the fetus.
AB  - Several viral infections besides rubella are known to cause fetal anomalies and
      disease. Cytomegalovirus, for example, may adversely affect the fetus in a number
      of ways. Either herpesvirus or hepatitis B virus is transmissible from mother to
      offspring. Viruses whose potential for fetal harm is less clear are those of
      varicella, mumps, and influenza.

PMID- 177963
TI  - Not-so-hyper hyperlipo-proteinemia and coronary artery disease.
AB  - Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the United States, and its
      prevention is now a primary goal of health care personnel. Knowledge of the early
      history of the disease, which would be particularly helpful in determing its
      pathogenesis, is still lacking. Studies are only now beginning to be directed at
      younger individuals without clinical evidence of disease. Hyperlipoproteinemia
      has been considered a definite risk factor for atherosclerosis for some years,
      but because of the difficulty involved in relating specific lipid abnormalities
      to the extent of atherosclerosis in a given patient, unequivocal proof of its
      role is lacking. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels used to define
      hyperlipoproteinemia in the United States are derived from a system in which 95%
      of the population are regarded as having normal levels. The cut points are set
      far too high. Mild hyperlipoproteinemia is rampant in this country, as is
      coronary artery disease, and from the evidence now available, it seems reasonable
      to try to lower the incidence of the latter by reducing blood lipid levels of the
      entire population through dietary modification.

PMID- 177966
TI  - Communication and cancer patients. A new form of immediate hospital discharge
      letter.
AB  - We present the favourable response we have received from general practitioners to
      our 'immediate discharge letter' relating to cancer patients.

PMID- 177964
TI  - Fibroadenoma of the female breast. Some epidemiologic surprises.
AB  - In a study of 70 cases of fibroadenoma of the female breast, two ages of peak
      incidence were recorded, one of them in the late 20s to early 30s and a second in
      the late 40s to early 50s. At the time of diagnosis, the lesions usually were
      less than 3.0 cm in diameter. Almost two thirds of the tumors were situated in
      the lateral quadrants of the breast. Incidence of fibroadenoma was significantly
      higher among parous females tham among nulliparas. Review of family histories
      showed a remarkably high incidence of breast disease of all types in the mothers
      and sisters of the patients studied. An inordinately high proportion of patients
      under 40 years of age were nonwhite. Recurrences and multiple lesions were much
      more frequent in patients over 40. "Recurrences" are undoubtedly serial
      presentations of multicentric lesions.

PMID- 177965
TI  - Myocarditis complicating cytomegalovirus mononucleosis.

PMID- 177967
TI  - Hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis.
AB  - Sweating has an important physiological function concerned with both temperature
      and fluid balance. Hypohidrosis is uncommon and rarely recognized by the patient.
      It usually represents damage to the central nervous system or peripheral nerves.
      Hyperhidrosis may be a feature of general medical diseases such as thyrotoxicosis
      and fevers. It may also be due to damage of the central of peripheral sympathetic
      nerves. Localized hyperhidrosis tends to occur on the palms, the soles, the
      axillae and, to a lesser extent, the face. Treatment of local hyperhidrosis with
      topical aluminium salts, or with topical or oral anticholinergics, may help some
      patients but surgery may be indicated in those with severe hyperhidrosis.

PMID- 177968
TI  - Sociotherapy and the prevention of relapse among schizophrenic patients: an
      artifact of drug?

PMID- 177969
TI  - Functional incorporation of ganglioside into intact cells: induction of
      choleragen responsiveness.
AB  - NCTC 2071 cells are unable to synthesize the monosialoganglioside GM1. When grown
      in chemically defined medium these cells contained no detectable GM1 and did not
      accumulate 3': 5'-cyclic AMP in response to choleragen. Incubation of the cells
      with [3H]GM1 permitted quantification of ganglioside uptake which was dependent
      on time and concentration of [3H]GM1 in the medium. Responsiveness to choleragen
      was demonstrated with binding of as few as 17,000 molecules of [3H]GM1 per cell;
      a maximal response was observed with 10(5) molecules per cell. With increasing
      cellular content of GM1, the rate of rise in intracellular cyclic AMP in response
      to choleragen was increased. With greater than 1 X 10(5) molecules of GM1 per
      cell, the delay between addition of choleragen and the cyclic AMP response was
      inversely proportional to choleragen concentration; less than 250 molecules of
      choleragen per cell caused a significant increase in cyclic AMP after 8 hr of
      incubation. Although the responsiveness of intact cells to choleragen was
      dependent on GM1, choleragen activation of adenylate cyclase in homogenates with
      0.6 mM NAD was independent of added ganglioside. These observations are
      consistent with the view that exogenous ganglioside GM1 can be functionally
      integrated into the surface membrane of intact cells and serve as the choleragen
      receptor. Furthermore, although exogenous GM1 is required for choleragen
      responsiveness in intact cells, the ganglioside does not play an obligatory role
      in cell homogenates, where the surface receptor can presumably be bypassed.

PMID- 177970
TI  - Synthetic hexapeptide substrates and inhibitors of 3':5'-cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinase.
AB  - The substrate specificity of the catalytic subunit of rabbit skeletal muscle 3':
      5'-cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37; ATP: protein
      phosphotransferase) has been studied using the synthetic peptide Arg-Gly-Tyr-Ser
      Leu-Gly corresponding to the sequence around serine 24, a phosphorylation site in
      reduced, carboxymethylated, maleylated (RCMM) chicken egg white lysozyme. This
      peptide served as a substrate for the enzyme and exhibited a 6-fold higher Vmax
      and a 100-fold higher Km than RCMM-lysozyme. Replacement of the arginine with
      glycine, histidine, or lysine resulted in a dramatic reduction in the Vmax. These
      results support the concept that arginine is an important residue in determining
      the substrate specificity of the protein kinase,  predominantly influencing the
      Vmax of the phosphorylation reaction. Two synthetic peptides in which serine was
      replaced by an alanine acted as competitive inhibitors of phosphorylation of the
      synthetic peptide substrate and RCMM-lysozyme.

PMID- 177971
TI  - Construction and propagation of a defective simian virus 40 genome bearing an
      operator from bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - A 2400 base pair DNA segment containing the leftward operator (OL) of phage
      lambda was covalently joined in vitro to a fragment of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA
      harboring the SV40 replication origin. The recombinant molecule was propagated in
      the presence of helper wild-type SV40 DNA in monkey kidney cells and partially
      cloned by an infectious center procedure. After propagation in monkey cells and
      purification, the hybrid DNA could be distinguished from wild-type SV40 DNA by
      its shortened length (about 80% that of SV40), specific hybridization to
      denatured lambda DNA immobilized on filters, specific affinity for lambda
      repressor, and preservation of a large part (about 2300 base pairs) of the lambda
      immunity region as determined by restriction nuclease cleavage patterns and
      electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis. These results indicate that defective
      SV40 replicons can serve as vectors for propagating foreign DNA in mammalian
      cells.

PMID- 177972
TI  - Distribution of envelope-specific and sarcoma-specific nucleotide sequences from
      different parents in the RNAs of avian tumor virus recombinants.
AB  - The distribution of leukosis-virus- and sarcoma-virus-specific oligonucleotide
      sequences was investigated in the RNAs of viral recombinants selected for an
      envelope gene (env) from a leukosis parent and a sarcoma gene (src) from a
      sarcoma parent. For this purpose 20 to 30 RNase-T1-resistant oligonucleotides
      were chemically analyzed and mapped within the 10,000 nucleotides of each viral
      RNA relative to the 3'-poly(A) end. The resulting oligonucleotide maps were
      compared. Proceeding from the 3' to the 5' end, the maps of four recombinants
      contained: (i) in a segment of 2000 nucleotides, three to four src-specific
      oligonucleotides, so identified because they were shared only with the sarcoma
      parent; and (ii) in a segment of 8000 nucleotides, 20 oligonucleotides shared
      with the leukosis parent, of which six to seven were also shared with the sarcoma
      parent. Two other recombinants contained: (1) in a segment of 2000 (one) or 3000
      (the other) nucleotides, three src-specific oligonucleotides; (ii) in a segment
      of 3000 (one) or 2000 (the other) nucleotides, five (one) or four (the other)
      oligonucleotides, all or some of which are env-specific, because they were shared
      with the leukosis parent; (iii) in a segment of 5000 nucleotides (both), 11
      functionally unidentified sarcoma-virus-derived oligonucleotides, of which seven
      were also shared with the leukosis parent. The map locations of parental
      oligonucleotides were not changed in recombinants and all viral strains tested
      shared six to eight highly conserved oligonucleotides at equivalent map
      locations. The partial map -env-src-poly(A) emerged from the analyses of these
      recombinants.

PMID- 177973
TI  - Deficiency in histone acetylation in nontransforming host range mutants of
      polyoma virus.
AB  - Histones H3 and H4 derived from transforming wild-type polyoma and simian virus
      40 particles show extensive acetylation compared to the histones of the host
      cells. The same histone fractions derived from nontransforming host range mutants
      of polyoma virus fail to show this high degree of acetylation.

PMID- 177974
TI  - Two forms of simian-virus-40-specific T-antigen in abortive and lytic infection.
AB  - Simian-virus-40-specific T-antigen was isolated by immunoprecipitation. From
      other studies we have proof that the T-antigen described in this work is coded by
      the viral DNA. The molecular weight estimated from electrophoretic mobility in
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of T-antigen isolated from
      nonpermissive mouse cells in abortive infection is 86,000 and from permissive
      monkey cells in lytic infection is 82,000. The 86 kilodalton T-antigen is readily
      converted in vitro into an 82 kilodalton form by incubation with extracts from
      permissive monkey cells but not with extracts from nonpermissive mouse or hamster
      cells. This and the results of fingerprinting analysis of tryptic peptides
      suggest that T-antigen may be processed in permissive cells.

PMID- 177975
TI  - Integrated simian virus 40 sequences in transformed cell DNA: analysis using
      restriction endonucleases.
AB  - The DNAs from five independent simian virus 40 (SV40) transformants of the
      BALB/c3T3 mouse cell line were digested with either the HpaII or the BamHI
      restriction endonuclease and the resulting fragments were fractionated by gel
      electrophoresis. The DNA fragments were denatured in situ in the gel and
      transferred to a membrane filter. Fragments containing viral DNA were detected by
      hybridization with high specific activity 32P-labeled SV40 complementary RNA
      (cRNA) synthesized in vitro. Each of the lines yielded a small number of
      fragments containing SV40 DNA and the fragments from each line were different.
      This observation shows that the structure of the integrated SV40 DNA and/or its
      location in the host DNA are different in each line.

PMID- 177977
TI  - Transcription-translation and translation-messenger RNA decay coupling: separate
      mechanisms for different messengers.
AB  - Antibiotics were used to inhibit protein synthesis at specific steps in the
      biosynthetic pathway. In this way, it was possible to study the coupling of
      protein synthesis to the accumulation of biologically active mRNA in T4-infected
      Escherichia coli. Functional mRNA for the phage enzymes deoxynucleotide kinase
      (EC 2.7.4.4; ATP: nucleoside monophosphate phosphotransferase or
      nucleosidemonophosphate kinase) and alpha-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.5; 1, 4
      alpha-D-glucan: 1, 6-alpha-D-glucan 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase or dextrin
      dextranase) accumulated during inhibition of protein synthesis irrespective of
      the step in the synthesis of protein that was blocked. Under these conditions,
      however, the rate of mRNA synthesis for both enzymes was significantly inhibited.
      In contrast, the rate of degradation of these mRNAs was markedly dependent on the
      step in protein synthesis that was inhibited. That is, the site for mRNase action
      was different for each message. The most important step in protein synthesis
      required for the stability of deoxynucleotide kinase mRNA is the initiation step.
      A single ribosome bound to the 5' end of the deoxynucleotide kinase mRNA can
      stabilize the molecule. On the other hand, the initiation event does not seem to
      be important for stabilizing the alpha-glucosyltransferase mRNA. Instead, a high
      ribosome denisty on the alpha-glucosyltransferase messenger is required to
      achieve significant stability. Therefore, in studying messenger metabolism, it is
      important to focus on the functional stability of specific mRNAs instead of on
      total messenger since each mRNA can be metabolized differently.

PMID- 177976
TI  - Control of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates: effects of 3':5'-cyclic
      AMP, ATP, and GTP on inhibitions induced by hemedeficiency, double-stranded RNA,
      and a reticulocyte translationa inhibitor.
AB  - Protein chain initiation in reticulocyte lysates is inhibited by (a) heme
      deficiency, (b) low levels of double-stranded RNA, and (c) a purified
      translational inhibitor isolated from heme-deficient lysates. Previous studies
      have shown that the inhibitions produced by heme-deficiency and double-stranded
      RNA are prevented by 3': 5'-cyclic AMP, and that GTP, but not ATP, prevents the
      inhibition of heme-deficiency. In view of the recent finding that the inhibitor
      purified from heme-deficient lysates is associated with a protein kinase which
      appears to be involved in the mechanism of inhibition, the effects of cyclic AMP,
      GTP, and ATP on the three modes of inhibition were examines. In all three types
      of inhibition, cyclic AMP or GTP (a) prevents the onset of inhibition when added
      at zero time, and (b) restores protein synthesis in inhibited lysates. In
      contrast to these effects, ATP potentiates each inhibition, and blocks reversal
      of inhibition by cyclic AMP or GTP. On the basis of these and earlier findings,
      we propose that (a) these inhibitions involve the phosphorylation by protein
      kinases of the Met-tRNAf binding factor and/or a related site(s) on the 40S
      ribosomal subunit; and (b) cyclic AMP, GTP, and ATP exert their effects by their
      actions on this phosphorylation mechanism.

PMID- 177978
TI  - Dephosphorylation of nonhistone proteins specifically alters the pattern of gene
      transcription in reconstituted chromatin.
AB  - A nonhistone phosphatase devoid of detectable protease activity has been purified
      from nuclear sap by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. After linkage to an
      insoluble agarose matrix, this enzyme was used to dephosphorylate nonhistone
      proteins obtained from S-phase HeLa cells. Chromatin reconstituted with these
      dephosphorylated proteins exhibited roughly a 50% reduction in the overall number
      of initiation sites available for transcription when compared to controls.
      Specific measurements of transcription of histone genes with use of a
      complementary DNA probe showed that genes coding for histones are preferentially
      inhibited after nonhistone dephosphorylation. These results provide the first
      direct support for the theory that phosphorylation of nonhistone proteins is
      involved in regulating the availability of individual genes for transcription.

PMID- 177979
TI  - Cell surface protein partially restores morphology, adhesiveness, and contact
      inhibition of movement to transformed fibroblasts.
AB  - We have isolated the major cell surface glycoprotein of chick embryo fibroblasts,
      CSP, and added it to a variety of transformed cells in vitro. The transformed
      cells become more elongated, often more flattened, and show increased adhesion to
      the substratum. Several transformed cell lines also align in striking parallel
      arrays. This alignment is characterized by a decrease in the amount of nuclear
      overlapping, probably indicating restoration of contact inhibition of movement.
      The morphological changes are antagonized by antibody to CSP. These effects of
      CSP are not associated with an elevation of cellular 3':5'-cyclic AMP. Moreover,
      the morphological reversion is not accompanied by an alteration in growth
      properties. Our results are consistent with a role for CSP in cell adhesion and
      morphology but not in growth control.

PMID- 177980
TI  - Erythroid cell differentiation: murine erythroleukemia cell variant with unique
      pattern of induction by polar compounds.
AB  - The murine-virus-infected erythroleukemia cell system provides an opportunity to
      examine regulatory mechanisms controlling cytodifferentiation. A cloned cell line
      (DR10c3) resistant to the erythropoiesis-inducing effect of dimethylsulfoxide
      (Me2SO) was isolated from the Me2SO-sensitive line DS19. DR10c3 is characterized
      as follows: (1) the uptake of [3H]Me2SO is similar to that in DS19; (2) cell
      growth with and without Me2SO is similar to that of DS19; (3) resistance is
      relatively stable; (4) the karyotype of DR10c3 reveals an average loss of five
      chromosomes per cell, but is otherwise similar to that of DS19; (5) total protein
      and globin synthesis by cells cultured 4 days with or without Me2SO is similar to
      these syntheses in DS19 cultured without Me2SO; (6) virtually no globin mRNA is
      detectable after 3 days in Me2SO, as assayed both by RNA-complementary DNA
      hybridization and by the heterologous cell-free protein-synthesizing system; (7)
      other polar compounds, N-methylpyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-piperidone, N, N
      dimethylacetamide, and N-methylacetamide, induce erythroid differentiation in
      DR10c3, and the accumulation of alpha- and beta-globin chains is
      indistinguishable from that in DS19; and (8) the concentration optima for
      induction of differentiation by all these compounds are identical for DR10c3 and
      DS19.

PMID- 177982
TI  - A differentiation stimulating factor induces cell sensitivity to 3':5'-cyclic AMP
      pulses in dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - During the first few hours of starvation, Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae
      excrete a macromolecule, probably a glycoprotein, which stimulates cell
      differentiation to aggregation competence. 3':5'-Cyclic AMP pulses, which mimic
      the chemotactic signal, and this factor (differentiation stimulating factor) are
      shown to exert a cooperative effect in inducing cell differentiation. Data
      suggest that the appearance of the factor determines the moment amoebae become
      responsive to cyclic AMP pulses.

PMID- 177981
TI  - Activation of 3':5'-cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and induction of
      ornithine decarboxylase as early events in induction of mixed-function
      oxygenases.
AB  - The parenteral administration of a single dose of 3-methylcholanthrene to rats
      caused an increase in the liver of the concentration of 3', 5'-cAMP and of the
      activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC
      2.7.1.37). These events were followed by an increased activity of ornithine
      decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lase, EC 4.1.1.17), the enzyme that controls
      the biosynthesis of polyamines. Finally, the activity of benzo[a]pyrene
      hydroxylase, as well as the amount of cytochrome P-448, was increased. Similarly,
      after the administration of phenobarbital, there was first an increase in the
      cAMP concentration and in the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, then the
      induction of ornithine decarboxylase, and finally, an enhanced activity of
      ethylmorphine N-demethylase and an increased content of cytochrome P-450. These
      data suggest that the drug-induced processes in liver that increase the
      activities of the oxidative, and presumably other, drug-metabolizing enzymes
      include the following sequence of events: (1) increase in cAMP concentration
      and/or activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase; (2) induction of ornithine
      decarboxylase; and, (3) induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 177983
TI  - Proliferation of Rous sarcoma virus-infected, but not of normal, chicken
      fibroblasts in oxygen-enriched environment: preliminary report.
AB  - Both normal and Rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken fibroblasts proliferate in an
      incubator containing 95% air, 5% CO2. In an incubator atmosphere enriched with
      oxygen, however, the normal fibroblasts are maintained without proliferation,
      while the Rous sarcoma virus-infected fibroblasts continue to proliferate. This
      suggests that a respiratory function may be involved in the regulation of
      proliferation of normal cells, and that neoplastic cells may proliferate
      autonomously because of a deficiency in this regulatory function.

PMID- 177985
TI  - Human papilloma virus DNA: physical mapping and genetic heterogeneity.
AB  - The molecular weight of three preparations of human papilloma virus DNA derived
      from different plantar warts was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis or
      electron microscopic contour length measurement. It was found to amount to
      approximately 4.9 X 10(6). Analysis of this DNA after sequential digestion by
      four different restriction endonucleases (EcoRI, Bam, Hind II, and Hind III)
      permitted physical mapping of the cleavage sites. Two of the three DNA
      preparations revealed an identical cleavage pattern, whereas the third one
      contained two additional cleavage sites.

PMID- 177984
TI  - Cotransfer of two linked human genes into cultured mouse cells.
AB  - Two linked human genes which code for the expression of cytosol thymidine kinase
      (ATP:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.75) and galactokinase (ATP:D
      galactose 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.6) have been cotransferred via purified
      metaphase chromosomes from the human lymphoblastoid cell line WI-L2a, into mouse
      L-cells [B82 and LM(TK-)]. Both genes have previously been shown to be closely
      linked on the human chromosome E17, band q21-22. Coexpression of both human
      enzyme markers was detected in two out of eight gene transfer clones, whilst the
      remaining six clones contained only human cytosol thymidine kinase, as shown by
      electrophoretic techniques. A further 23 human enzyme markers corresponding to 15
      different human chromosomes were found to be absent in these gene transfer
      clones. No human chromosome or chromosomal fragment could be detected by
      karyotype analyses. Some of the gene transfer clones rapidly lost the transferred
      donor material when grown in nonselective medium, whereas others expressed a
      stable phenotype under these conditions. Prolonged maintenance in selective
      medium favors the survival of gene transfer cells expressing a stable phenotype.
      Possibly these cells harbor the donor genes integrated into a recipient
      chromosome.

PMID- 177986
TI  - Vinyl chloride: review of animal studies.

PMID- 177987
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides, adenylate cyclase, and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in
      mammary glands from pregnant and lactating mice.
AB  - In the mammary glands of mice, levels of cyclic AMP increased during pregnancy
      and then fell precipitously following parturition. In contrast, levels of cyclic
      GMP fell during the gestation period and then rose rapidly during the early days
      of lactation. Adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP hohsphodiesterase activities were
      elevated during the pregnancy and lactation periods.

PMID- 177988
TI  - Detection of antibody to Varicella-Zoster virus by immune adherence
      hemagglutination.
AB  - A serologic test for measurement of antibody to V-Z virus by immune adherence
      hemagglutination is described. Initial evaluation of the test has shown it to be
      highly sensitive, specific, rapid, and simple to perform. The V-Z antigen may be
      stored at -70 degrees, and the test could be performed in any routine serology
      laboratory.

PMID- 177989
TI  - Hepatotoxicity of general anesthetics on rat hepatoma cells in culture.

PMID- 177991
TI  - Serologic response to BK Virus following human infection with SV40.
AB  - A small group of human volunteers given live SV40 virus, and who sero-converted
      to SV40, did not develop any heterologous antibody response to BK virus, even
      when BK antibody was demonstrated in preinfection sera. SV40 infection does not
      appear to contribute significantly to the patterns of BK antibody seen in human
      populations.

PMID- 177990
TI  - Epiphyseal cartilage cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase: partial purification
      and kinetic characteristics of multiple enzymes.
AB  - Partial purification of chicken epiphyseal PDE activity by centrifugation and
      column chromatography has defined two distinct peaks of PDE activity. The faster
      eluting peak (I) has a higher apparent Km for cyclic AMP than the slower eluting
      major peak (IIs and II). Peak I has greater activity towards cyclic AMP as a
      substrate than towards cyclic GMP but does use both substrates. Peak I is not
      inhibited by T-3 or indomethacin at physiological concentrations. Substrates
      studies demonstrate the presence of at least two overlapping PDE species in the
      major peak(IIs and II). There is suggestive evidence that indomethacin is a more
      potent inhibitor of peak IIs which can use either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP as
      substrates, whereas T-3 is a more potent inhibitor of fractions eluting where the
      enzyme only has activity with cyclic AMP.

PMID- 177992
TI  - Effects of immunostimulants on resistance of newborn mice to herpes simplex type
      2 infection.
AB  - Since age-dependent diminished macrophage function has been related to the
      increased susceptibility of newborn mice to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection,
      the effect of several agents which might activate macrophages or other cells
      involved in immunity was investigated. BCG, typhoid vaccine, brucella vaccine,
      levamisole, or staphage lysate were administered to newborn mice prior to
      challenge with HSV-2. Of these agents, only BCG, administered ip or id 6 days
      prior to challenge, was found to increase the survival rate of newborn mice. The
      possible use of BCG, alone or in combination with other modalities, for the
      prevention or treatment of neonatal HSV infections is discussed.

PMID- 177993
TI  - Early events in the lytic infection of primary mouse kidney cell culture with
      polyoma virus. The effect of various input multiplicities.
AB  - Early polyoma (Py) virus-specific RNA synthesis was examined in cells infected
      with different concentrations of Py-virus. The effect of various multiplicities
      of infection (m.o.i.) on the rate of Py-RNA synthesis is different at 30 hr as
      compared to 65 hr. Thirty hours after infection at 27degrees, in the presence of
      5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (FdU), an increase in input multiplicity was not
      associated with a quantitatively commensurate increase in the amount of virus
      specific RNA synthesized. At 65 hr, the amount of viral RNA synthesized was
      roughly proportional to the number of infecting virus particles.

PMID- 177995
TI  - Spontaneous behavior and sleep-wakefulness cycle in isolated and paired REM sleep
      deprived-marihuana treated rats.
AB  - The correlation between marihuana-induced aggressive behavior and changes in the
      sleep-wakefulness cycle was studied in chronically implanted rats. Marihuana
      injection in non-REM deprived rats did not induce aggressiveness irrespective of
      the animals being caged in isolation or paired. During this procedure
      quantization of the sleep-awake cycle revealed that wakefulness was increased
      while slow wave and REM sleep were decreased, mainly in the paired animals. REM
      deprived-marihuana injected animals recorded in isolation behaved like the
      control solution-injected rats. They showed a large rebound of REM and were not
      aggressive at the end of the 8 hr sessions. Conversely, when these animals were
      paired during the recording periods, they remained continuously awake and showed
      numerous episodes of aggressiveness. These results suggest that the
      aggressiveness inducing properties of marihuana are related to the REM
      deprivation and to the increased environmental stimulation achieved by pairing
      the animals.

PMID- 177994
TI  - Hepatic carbamyl phosphate synthetase and ornithine transcarbamylase in mouse
      influenze A and influenze B infection.
AB  - In mice infected with mouse-adapted influenza A/PR/8/34, hepatic carbamyl
      phosphate synthetase (CPS) activity was reduced to 88%, and ornithine
      transcarbamylase (OTC) was reduced to 83% of control values. In mice infected
      with mouse-adapted B/Lee/40, CPS activity was 98% was 94% of control values.
      These limited reductions in enzyme activity were attributed to a nonspecific
      debilitating effect of acute influenzal pneumonia. These findings suggest that
      the pronounced reduction of CPS and OTC activities reported in Reye's syndrome in
      man are not a general manifestation of the severity of influenza infection.

PMID- 177996
TI  - Cephalic angiotensin receptors mediating drinking to systemic angiotensin II.
AB  - In rats implanted with cannulae to allow delivery of solutions to the cerebral
      ventricular system, pretreatment with 5 mug or 0.5 mug of saralasin acetate (Sar1
      Ala8 Angiotensin II), an angiotensin II competitive analog, significantly
      attenuated drinking to subcutaneous (SC) injections of 500 mug of angiotensin II.
      However, pretreatment with either SC (5 mug or 20 mug) or with intravenous (5
      mug) saralasin had no effect on drinking to SC angiotensin II (500 mug).
      Intracranial (IC) injections of 5 mug of saralasin had no effect on drinking in
      response to SC injections of 0.8 cc of a 10 percent NaCl solution and did not
      attenuate ingestion of a milk solution in a dessert test. On the basis of the
      specificity and the greater efficacy shown by IC saralasin in attenuating
      drinking to systemically applied angiotensin II, it was concluded that
      circulating angiotensin II reaches brain periventricular receptors which mediate
      drinking.

PMID- 177997
TI  - Cyclic AMP and central noradrenaline receptors: failure to activate diencephalic
      adrenergic feeding pathways.
AB  - Intracranial injection of graded doses of dibutyryl 3',5'-cyclic adenosine
      monophosphoric acid (cAMP) at sites in the accumbens/stria terminalis nuclei of
      satiated rats elicited behavioural arousal and occasional convulsive episodes at
      higher doses, but failed to affect food consumption even in sites where injection
      of noradrenaline (65 nmol) consistently elicited increased feeding. Intracranial
      aminophylline (550 nmol) or dopamine (65 nmol) were also without effect on food
      consumption. This result does not support recent suggestions that cAMP serves as
      the second messenger in central noradrenergic motivational pathways.

PMID- 177998
TI  - Definition of androgens and protein anabolic steroids.

PMID- 177999
TI  - Mechanism of androgen action at the cellular level.

PMID- 178000
TI  - Biology of prolactin.

PMID- 178001
TI  - The chemistry of the adrenocorticotropins and the melanotropins.

PMID- 178003
TI  - Immunochemistry of adrenocorticotropin, melanotropins and lipotropins.

PMID- 178002
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of adrenocorticotropin.

PMID- 178005
TI  - Calcium regulation in the uterus.

PMID- 178004
TI  - Functions of extrapyramidal systems in motor control. 1. supraspinal descending
      pathways.

PMID- 178007
TI  - Instrastriatal administration of monoamines: behavioral effects.

PMID- 178006
TI  - Striatal monoamines and reserpine and chlorpromazine rigidity.

PMID- 178008
TI  - The in vivo association of manganese with the chromosome of Micrococcus
      radiodurans.

PMID- 178009
TI  - EPR study of the effect of concentration on the mechanism of the photochemical
      reaction of acridine and quinoline with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

PMID- 178010
TI  - Hydroxyamino compounds produced by the oxidation of diamines with diamine oxidase
      in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - When the diamines putrescine, cadaverine, cystamine and lanthionamine are
      oxidized by purified pig kidney diamine oxidase in the presence of NADH and
      either liver or yeast crystalline alcohol dehydrogenase, NADH is oxidized.
      Chromatographic evidence obtained in the case of putrescine and cystamine
      indicates the production of the respective hydroxy-amino compound. In the case of
      cystamine, the product of the reaction is mercapto-ethanol-cysteamine mixed
      disulfide which may represent a biological source for the production of
      mercaptoethanol used for other reactions.

PMID- 178012
TI  - Effect of diazepam on the electroencephalographic pattern and vigilance of
      unanaesthetized and curarized rats with a chronic cobalt-gelatin focus.
AB  - The author studied the effect of diazepam in doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg on rats with
      a chronic cortical cobalt-gelatin focus and implanted cortical and subcortical
      electrodes. Focal spike activity localized at the site of the focus and
      hypersynchronous generalized episodes of spikes (and waves) of 8--9/sec frequency
      were studied in the electroencephalogram and the main phases of vigilance
      (waking, telencephalic slow waves/SWS/and REM sleep) after diazepam were
      evaluated. The effect of diazepam on rats temporarily immobilized with
      tubocurarine was also evaluated. 1. Focal spike activity during sleep was mildly
      inhibited by diazepam. If present in the waking state, it was markedly inhibited.
      2. The number of episodes diminished significantly after diazepam. The maximum
      decrease occurred 30--45 minutes after administering diazepam and after that they
      slowly recovered. 3. Diazepam did not inhibit alteration of the phases of
      vigilance, but there was an increase in the proportion of telencephalic sleep
      with large numbers of spidles of 12--14/sec frequency and the incidence of REM
      phases rose by 250--300%. 4. Diazepam brought no renewal of the episodes which
      disappeared from the waking EEG recording of rats with a chronic focus
      temporarily immobilized with tubocurarine. Its administration was followed mostly
      by sleep activity with spindles. 5. Despite certain effects in common
      (disappearance of episodes), the action of diazepam differs from that of
      barbiturates in many respects and is effected by different mechanisms.

PMID- 178011
TI  - The influence of denervation of the maturation of the flight muscle of
      Periplaneta americana.
AB  - The metathoracic musculature of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana was
      denervated by dissecting the nerves originating in the metathoracic ganglion on
      one side within 2 days after the last moult. The biochemical and morphological
      differences between normal and denervated musculature were followed two weeks
      later. Denervation completely prevents the gain in weight, protein content and
      cytochrome oxidase activity which occur in normal muscles during the two weeks
      after previous moulting. The content of phosphoarginine in the denervated muscle
      does not differ from the control muscle and is lower than in young muscles. The
      ability to resynthesize phosphoarginine postanaerobically is substantially lower
      in the denervated muscle than in control muscles, or in young muscles immediately
      after the last moult. The ultramicroscopic structure of the denervated muscle
      differs from that of the normal muscle: the mitochondria possess less cristae,
      the matrix between them appears less dense and the sarcoplasmatic reticulum is
      less developed. Thus the denervated muscle not only fails to mature, but also
      developes serious structural and biochemical disorders.

PMID- 178013
TI  - Effect of adrenal glucocorticoids on beta-lipoprotein production by resected
      liver.
AB  - The action of adrenal glucocorticoids on the level of liver beta-lipoprotein (LP)
      production was studied. Their effect was verified by studying LP synthesis and
      release from liver after the administration of various doses of glucocorticoids,
      after the administration of ACTH and in cases in which the effect of
      glucocorticoids was precluded by adrenalectomy (in vivo and in vitro). Adrenal
      glucocorticoids were found to limit triglyceride release in the form of beta-LP
      from the liver into the blood stream during the first 6 hours after partial
      hepatectomy (PHE). A direct study of beta-LP synthesis in the liver tissue showed
      that glucocorticoids inhibit liver lipid secretion by interfering with the
      process of beta-LP release by the liver rather than by influencing actual beta-LP
      synthesis in the liver.

PMID- 178015
TI  - Remediable neuromuscular disorders.
AB  - Generalized muscular weakness may develop from a variety of causes, and in many
      cases is reversible with appropriate treatment of the underlying disorder.

PMID- 178014
TI  - Pregnancy interrupting effects of some bacterial toxins.
AB  - Embryotoxic properties of Shigella dysenteriae and Clostridium perfringens
      toxins, of E. coli endotoxin, V. cholerase and E. coli enterotoxins were compared
      in mice. E. coli endotoxin has embryotoxic effects at all stages of pregnancy. E.
      coli enterotoxin V. cholerae enterotoxin and Shigella dysenteriae toxin are most
      effective mainly at earlier stages of pregnancy. Clostridium perfringens toxin
      has no embryotoxic effect.

PMID- 178016
TI  - [Aspects of the value of humoral antibodies in encephalomyelitis of neuroallergic
      origin].
AB  - The importance of humoral antibodies formed in the course of neuroallergic
      diseases characterized by a cytergic type of reaction and especially in the
      course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAEM) is discussed, special
      attention being given to the importance of pathogenetic, immunodynamic,
      diagnostic, and therapeutic factors. The circulating antibodies of EAEM induced
      by cellular and humoral immunoprocesses are assumed to produce either
      intensifying or mitigating effects. Among the most important functions are the
      influence of immune globulins on the blood/brain boundary lesion, the gliotoxic
      and myelinotoxic effects, and the detection of a blockade of the intraneural
      transmission. The therapeutical effect to be discussed in the light of the
      protective effects of humoral antibodies is a mere conception in view of
      incompletely understood mechanisms including those governing the chronology and
      dynamics of immunoprocesses associated with multiple sclerosis, especially since
      the antigen-specific induction of tolerance appears to be far more essential.

PMID- 178017
TI  - The continuing care clinic: outpatient treatment of the chronically ill.
AB  - The need for continuing care of chronic psychiatric patients within the community
      is a pressing problem that calls for development and testing of new treatment
      methods. This paper describes one such method, the Continuing Care Clinic, an
      outpatient program for chronic patients who have not responded well to other
      outpatient treatment approaches. The clinic's structure, treatment rationale and
      procedures, and clinical results over a 31/2-year period are described. Among
      specific treatment features discussed are the use of multiple therapists, focus
      on available personality strengths and on reality issues, and patient-staff group
      interaction as an adjunct to individual psychotherapy.

PMID- 178019
TI  - REM sleep deprivation and exploration in rats.

PMID- 178018
TI  - Antibiotics and memory.

PMID- 178020
TI  - [Clinical and laboratory problems in radioimmunologic determination].

PMID- 178021
TI  - [Functional diencephalo-pituitary diagnosis by means of radioimmunoassay].
AB  - The Author, after mentionating the always increasing need of cooperation between
      the clinical activity and the laboratory research, stops considering the
      semeiological meaning of the radioimmunoassay of the pituitary hormones. However
      he worns against the limitations that such dosages present at the base line and
      the possible dissociation between immunological activity and biological activity.
      He describes then the dynamic tests able to determine variations of hormonal
      levels and makes his conclusions stating that the observation made during dynamic
      conditions may be of help to the clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 178023
TI  - ESR of hydrogen addition radicals in single crystals of 1-methylcytosine and 1
      methyluracil.

PMID- 178022
TI  - [Technical notes and clinical use of radioimmunologic determination of plasma
      ACTH].
AB  - Particular aspects of plasma ACTH radioimmunoassay are examinated. The results
      obtained with this method in adrenocortical diseases (Addison's disease,
      Cushing's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia) are reported and clinical
      value in etiological diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome is outlined. Moreover the
      results obtained in other syndromes of endocrinologic interest (massive obesity,
      Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes, Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, true
      precocious puberty, primary hypothyroidism, hypopituitary dwarphism) are reported
      and discussed.

PMID- 178024
TI  - Gray scale ultrasonic investigation of focal defects on 99Tc sulphur colloid
      liver scanning.
AB  - Radionuclide liver scanning, though a well established technique for the
      detection of normal liver tissue replacement, has yet to deliver a satisfactory
      isotope method for distinguishing the benign or malignant nature of a disclosed
      nonfunctioning area. The solid or cystic nature of focal areas of replacement can
      be shown by ultrasonic echography, so the malignancy of the area can be inferred.
      The complementary use of both techniques is recommended.

PMID- 178025
TI  - The effect of steroids on the extravascular distribution of radiographic contrast
      material and technetium pertechnetate in brain tumors as determined by computed
      tomography.
AB  - The effect of dexamethasone on the accumulation of iothalamate and 99mTc
      pertechnetate in cerebral tumors was investigated in 6 patients over a five-month
      period. Patients were examined by x-ray (transmission) computed tomography (CT)
      and by radionuclide (emission) computed tomography (RCT) prior to and during a
      course of dexamethasone therapy. Stenosis diminished the degree of accumulation
      of both agents but did not change the boundaries of their distribution.

PMID- 178026
TI  - Phosphatase activities and osmium reduction in cell organelles of Micrasterias
      americana.

PMID- 178027
TI  - Endocytosis, digestive vacuolar movement and exocytosis on refeeding starved
      Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-9.

PMID- 178028
TI  - Studies of growth hormone secretion VIII. Effects of alpha,beta-methylene-ATP on
      prostglandin induced GH release and cyclic AMP accumlation in rat anterior
      pituitary glands.
AB  - Alpha, beta-methylene-ATP, a competitive inhibitor of adenylate cyclase of liver
      and fat cell membrane preparations, caused a dose related inhibition of PGE1 and
      PGE2-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in rat anterior pituitary explants. At the
      same time, this ATP analog potentiated PGE1 and PGE2-promoted growth hormone
      secretion. The possible functional role of prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides
      in the regulation of growth hormone secretion remains to be defined.

PMID- 178029
TI  - Hypothalamic and pituitary effects of prostaglandins on ACTH secretion.
AB  - Various prostaglandins (PGs) were tested for their effects on ACTH secretion upon
      injection into the anterior pituitary, basomedial hypothalamus, basolateral
      hypothalamus, or a tail vein in anesthetized female rats. In some experiments,
      the PGs were injected in combination with a CRF preparation. The greatest effect
      seen was the stimulation of ACTH (and presumably CRF) secretion exerted at the
      basomedial hypothalamus. At the anterior pituitary, the PGs alone were without
      effect, but they did decrease the magnitude of the response to subsequent CRF.

PMID- 178030
TI  - The relationship of prostaglandins to cholera.

PMID- 178031
TI  - Spectral changes in the respiratory chain of cerebral cortex slices. Correlation
      with the energy status of the tissue.
AB  - Elevation of the media potassium concentration results in an immediate, but
      transient increase in the rate of respiration in cerebral cortex slices of the
      rat. As the respiratory burst decrease in intensity, a transient oxidation of the
      tissue respiratory intermediates is followed by a net reduction. The burst of
      respiration is accompanied by a large decrease in tissue ATP and phosphocreatine
      concentrations. ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations are essentially fully
      recovered within 5-6 min. The apparent increase in ATP hydrolysis during the peak
      of the respiratory response was not, however, accompanied by increases in the
      tissue content of ADP and 5'-AMP. Increased deamination of the adenine
      nucleotides is discussed as a possible mechanism in the large contraction of the
      total adenine pool observed during the course of the metabolic response to
      elevated potassium concentrations.

PMID- 178032
TI  - Genetic determination of aggressive behavior and brain cyclic AMP.
AB  - Inbred mouse strains exhibit differences in brain cyclic AMP concentrations. In
      two mouse strains, we have shown that both the tendency for aggressive attack and
      high brain cyclic AMP content are inherited as recessive traits and that these
      traits maintain a close association in segregating generations.

PMID- 178033
TI  - 17 alpha estradiol: separation of estrogen effect on collagen from other clinical
      and biochemical effects in man.
AB  - In rodents the effect of 17alpha estradiol upon collagen is identical to that of
      17beta estradiol, but the 17alpha estradiol effect upon uterine lining is 1/1000
      that of 17beta estradiol. Both steroids reverse the effect of D-penicillamine on
      rodent skin collagen. Five human beings with the skin collagen changes associated
      with D-penicillamine were treated with 17alpha estradiol for three to six weeks.
      17alpha estradiol caused no detectable changes in blood pressure, breast
      development, menstrual periods, serum liver enzymes, serum proteins, plasma
      growth hormone, insulin, serum clotting factors, serum triglycerides, serum
      copper or serum ceruloplasma. In contrast, 17alpha estradiol increased skin
      prolyl hydroxylase activity, increased soluble collagen content in the skin and
      increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion. These studies with 17alpha estradiol,
      point out a specificity difference between the various sites of estrogen action
      in human beings.

PMID- 178034
TI  - Androgenic effects on protein kinases and cyclic AMP-binding protein in the
      ventral prostate.
AB  - Androgenic deprivation resulted in marked impairment of prostate weight and
      significant alterations in cytosolic and particulate protein kinase activities
      and cyclic AMP-binding capacity of this tissue. Whereas rats orchidectomized for
      7 days exhibited significant enhancement in the specific activity of cytosolic
      cyclic AMP-dependent (73%) and -independent (45%) protein kinases as well as
      cyclic AMP-binding protein (196%), administration of testosterone (5.0 mg/100 g,
      i.m., 5 days) exerted little or no effect in reversing these responses. In
      contrast, when expressed as total enzyme activity per prostate, castration led to
      marked decreases in protein kinase activity assayed in the presence (87%) and
      absence of the cyclic nucleotide (91%). Likewise, the cyclic AMP-binding capacity
      of the soluble enzyme was depressed (77%) following androgenic deprivation.
      Although testosterone treatment for 3 days significantly reversed these effects,
      complete restoration was not achieved even after 5 days of androgen replacement
      therapy. Moreover, while exogenous cyclic AMP had no effect on protein kinase
      activity from crude nuclear preparations, the phosphorylation of endogenous
      nuclear substrates was dependent on androgenic status of the animals. Whereas
      castration produced decreases in the specific and total activity of prostatic
      particulate protein kinase as well as the cyclic AMP-binding protein,
      testosterone replenishment was effective in abolishing these alterations seen in
      orchidectomized rats. Data from the present study provide additional support to
      the concept that changes in cyclic AMP-adenylate cyclase-protein kinase system
      play an important role in the overall mechanism(s) by which male sex steroids
      exert their diverse anabolic effects on male accessory sex tissues.

PMID- 178035
TI  - Radial immuno-diffusion and serum-neutralisation techniques for the assay of
      antibodies to swine vesicular disease.
AB  - Pig sera were assayed for antibodies to swine vesicular disease virus by (a) the
      radial immuno-diffusion technique combined with autoradiography and (by serum
      neutralisation tests. The former was more sensitive and was used for initial
      screening of sera while the latter was used to obtain estimates of titres of
      positive sera. In a survey of 1759 sera collected at slaughterhouses there were
      14 significant titres from a total of seven premises situated in localities where
      the disease had been known to occur, and it was concluded that this did not
      indicate wither widespread undetected disease or the occurence of inapparent
      infection in the pig population.

PMID- 178036
TI  - The effect of enterotoxin of Clostridium welchii (perfringens) type A on fowls.
AB  - Lethal doses of enterotoxin of Clostridium welchii (perfringens) type A injected
      intravenously into young fowls caused immediate lassitude, with partial recovery,
      followed by death seven to 35 h after inoculation. Lesions found were ascites,
      hydropericardium, oedema of the muscles, hepatic congestion, urate deposits on
      the peritoneum and the pericardium, and intestinal hyperaemia. Sublethal doses
      produced no clinical signs or lesion. The LD50 of this enterotoxin was 74-84
      mug/kg of body weight.

PMID- 178038
TI  - [Sarcoidosis, an unknown disease. Notes on 6 cases with extrathoracic
      localization].

PMID- 178037
TI  - [Evaluation of some enzyme tests in liver diseases].

PMID- 178039
TI  - Tardive results of antiinflammatory treatment in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 178040
TI  - [Galactokinase deficiency, cause of hereditary cataract. Recent publications].

PMID- 178042
TI  - [Familial amyloid neuropathy of Corino Andrade. Ultrastructural study of the
      peripheral nerve in 2 patients].
AB  - The authors describe two typical cases of Portuguese amyloid neuropathy in
      immigrants. One of the patients had been ill for only a short time while the
      other's condition had been developing over more than ten years. The first
      patient's neuropathy was characterized by a perforating ulcer of the foot and
      loss of sensation. The neurological disorder as well as the effect on general
      health were much more serious in the second patient. Neuro-muscular biopsy was
      carried out on each of these patients and revealed excessive endoneural amyloid
      and very severe lesions of nerve parenchyma mainly secondary to Wallerian
      degeneration. The results were compared with the few existing ultrastructural
      studies on the peripheral nerve in amyloid neuropathies.

PMID- 178041
TI  - [Recruitment and synchronization chemotherapy in the treatment of bronchial
      cancer].

PMID- 178043
TI  - [Activities of the Pierre Nicole Center, an urban home for the after-care of drug
      addicts].

PMID- 178044
TI  - Cardiac-patient care--with heart.

PMID- 178045
TI  - Attempts to improve the early enzymatic diagnosis of coronary heart disease.
AB  - Based on the hypothesis that beta lipoproteins have the ability to trap certain
      enzymes, an attempt was made to release these enzymes from the eventual beta
      lipoprotein blockade, by subjecting the serum to different processings such as:
      freezing-thawing (3 times), ultrasonation or treatment with Triton X100 or sodium
      desoxycholate. After the first two procedures an increase of serum LDH and
      alkaline phosphatase activities was observed in about half the sera investigated
      (normal and pathologic). In few cases of coronary heart disease (two out of 60),
      LDH activity reached a clearly pathologic level.

PMID- 178046
TI  - [Subcutaneous and tendinous nodules in scleroderma. Apropos of 4 anatomo-clinical
      cases].
AB  - The authors have observed 3 cases of pure scleroderma and one case of scleroderma
      in which tendinous or subcutaneous nodular structures were present. To the
      author's knowledge, such nodules have never been described previously in cases of
      scleroderma. Their site and their histology identifies them as "rheumatoid"
      nodules and at the same time provides other valuable information. Scleroderma is
      thus, together with rheumatoid polyarthritis and lupus erythematosus, one of the
      possible causes of nodule formation, and the authors put forward the hypothesis
      that these nodules might represent one of the first lesions of the Thibierge and
      Weissenbach syndrome.

PMID- 178047
TI  - Transfer factor treatment of patients with multuple sclerosis. I. Preliminary
      report of changes in immunological parameters.
AB  - In five patients with definite multiple sclerosis and lack of cell-mediated
      immunity to measles and parainfluenza virus antigens, various immunological
      parameters were studied before and during transfer factor treatment. The study
      showed that cell-mediated immunity to measles virus antigen, as evaluated by the
      leukocyte migration agarose test, could temporarily be restored, using repeated
      injections of transfer factor pooled from unselected, normal blood donors.

PMID- 178049
TI  - A reovirus-like agent (rotavirus) in gastroenteritis of children. Virus detection
      and serological studies.
AB  - A reovirus-like agent (rotavirus) was detected in 26 children (44%) when fecal
      specimens from 59 children with acute gastroenteritis were examined by electron
      microscopy. No rotavirus was detected in the feces of 49 children with other
      diseases. Sera from the acute and the convalescent phase from 40 children with
      acute gastroenteritis and from 18 other patients were examined for antibodies
      against a bovine rotavirus by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. 26 of the
      patients with gastroenteritis (65%) developed antibodies during their disease,
      whereas none of the other patients showed a rise in antibody titre. The specimens
      were submitted to the laboratory from hospitalized children during the period
      January 1973 through March 1975. Most of the cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis
      occurred during late autumn and early winter among children between 0.5 and 3
      years of age. It is concluded that electron microscopy is a sensitive diagnostic
      technique during the acute phase of the disease, and that the serological test
      with bovine rotavirus antigen served as a useful diagnostic tool.

PMID- 178048
TI  - Changes in the surface of virus-induced cells recognized by cytotoxic T cells. I.
      Minimal requirements for lysis of ectromelia-infected P-815 cells.
AB  - P-815 mastocytoma cells developed susceptibility to immune T-cell-mediated
      cytolysis shortly after infection by ectromelia virus. Intracellular viral
      replication and late protein synthesis seem to bu unnecessary events.
      Interference with early protein synthesis, however, inhibits the development of
      susceptibility to lysis. The important intracellular events necessary for
      subsequent cytolysis appear to occur within 1 hour of infection. Virus rendered
      non-infectious by ultraviolet irradiation but not by gamma irradiation is able to
      induce these changes. By determining the minimum and essential events of the
      infectious process which result in T-cell-mediated cytolysis, the task of
      establishing the molecular changes occurring in the target cell surface membrane
      necessary for immune T-cell recognition should be simplified.

PMID- 178050
TI  - Early diagnosis of virus-caused vesicular rashes by immunofluorescence on skin
      biopsies. I. Varicella, zoster and herpes simplex.
AB  - The use of immunofluorescence (IF) for the rapid identification of varicella
      zoster (V-Z) and herpes simplex (HS) antigen in frozen sections of biopsies of
      early non-vesicular skin lesions was investigated. Direct IF, using fluorescein-
      isothiocyanate- conjugated immuoglobulin (FITC Ig) of paired human anti-V-Z sera
      and FITC-conjugated negative and positive anti-V-Z-monkey Ig, yielded specific
      fluorescence of virus antigen in all 14 varicella cases investigated and in 10/11
      zoster cases. In contrast, indirect IF, using paired human anti-zoster sera and a
      sheep anti-human Ig FITC, was not satisfactorily specific, since staining with
      the anti-human Ig FITC alone also yielded fluorescence of infected cells in some
      cases. In 6/8 cases of HS infection, specific fluorescence of virus antigen was
      obtained by direct IF, using FITC-conjugated negative and positive guinea-pig
      anti-HS Ig. Because of the often predominant distribution of virus antigen to the
      corium and the skin appendages, punch biopsies are apparently better than scraped
      material, at least in the prevesicular stage.

PMID- 178052
TI  - Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis-clinical observations, electronmicroscopic studies and
      serum protocollagen proline hydroxylase activity.

PMID- 178051
TI  - An estimate of the course of herpes simplex virus encephalitis.
AB  - Serologic responses, physical findings, and survival were studied in 51 cases of
      proved (14 patients) or presumptive (37 patients) herpes simplex encephalitis
      occurring in North America between 1965 and 1972. On the basis of a statistical
      analysis of 16 serological parameters tested in both groups, presumptive cases
      are likely similar to definitive cases. Using this assumption, the following
      tentatives conclusions are possible. Complement-fixing antibodies may be more
      sensitive measures of rises in anti-herpes simplex virus antibodies than are
      conventional or complement-requiring neutralizing or passive hemagglutinating
      antibodies. Mortality in herpes simplex virus encephalitis may vary from 0 to 80%
      and may be predictable depending upon the occurrence of seizures, paralysis and
      coma. Coma seems to dictate the dour prognosis. When 51 cases of herpes simplex
      virus encephalitis reported in the literature by others between 1944 and 1972
      were analyzed by this method, a comparably varied mortality was obtained. It did
      not appear that treatment with idoxuridine increased the likelihood of survival.

PMID- 178053
TI  - Cholera toxin induces pineal enzymes in culture.
AB  - Addition of choleragen to rat pineal organ cultures caused a long-lasting
      stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity, and this was followed by increases in
      seroton N-acetyltransferase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase
      activities. These effects of choleragen were not blocked by the beta-adrenoceptor
      antagonist propranolol, but the increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate
      phosphodiesterase and serotonin N-acetyltransferase activities could be prevented
      by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The results indicate that
      cholera toxin can mimic the induction of pineal enzymes that normally follows
      beta-adrenoceptor activation and suggest that increased cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate is a necessary and sufficient signal for such changes in enzyme
      activity.

PMID- 178054
TI  - Hepatoma induced by thorium dioxide.
AB  - A 74-year-old man complained of anorexia and weight loss. Twenty-six years
      earlier he had received an injection of Thorotrast. A needle biopsy of the liver
      showed thorium dioxide granules and periportal fibrosis. On laparotomy, a
      hepatoma of the left lobe of the liver was discovered. Hepatic malignancy should
      be suspected in any patient with abnormal results of liver function tests,
      particularly an elevated level of alkaline phosphatase, who previously has had an
      injection of Thorotrast.

PMID- 178055
TI  - [Polygraphic structure of sleep and personality characteristics].

PMID- 178056
TI  - [Pathophysiological relationship of collagenase in chronic rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 178057
TI  - Letter: sporadic ulcero-osteolytic neuropathy, idiopathic neurotrophic feet, or
      alcoholic neuropathic feet?

PMID- 178058
TI  - Reconstructive surgery for major craniofacial deformities.

PMID- 178060
TI  - Technique of adrenalectomy for metastatic cancer of the breast.
AB  - The transabdominal approach to adrenalectomy offers many advantages in the
      patient with metastatic cancer of the breast who is likely to respond to an
      ablative operation. Information derived in the course of laparotomy is important
      in planning for adjunctive chemotherapy, and oophorectomy can be carried out
      through the same incision when indicated. The vena cava can be plicated in
      patients who are considered to be at riak for thromboembolic phenomenom.

PMID- 178059
TI  - Current management of childhood solid tumors.

PMID- 178061
TI  - Management of optic neuritis.
AB  - To improve understanding and effectiveness of therapy in optic nerve disease,
      various causes of so-called optic neuritis should be identified when possible.
      The clinical characteristics of demyelinating optic neuropathy can be contrasted
      with those of ischemic optic neuropathy, nutritional optic neuropathy, true optic
      nerve inflammation (e.g., luetic), optic nerve infiltration with tumor, and
      compression neuropathy caused by adjacent tumor. Radiologic studies and other
      means of investigating patients with optic neuritis are reviewed. Arguments in
      favor of, and against, treatment of presumed demyelinating optic neuritis are
      presented along with representative corticosteroid treatment regimens. The
      natural tendency toward spontaneous improvement of optic neuritis makes the
      effect of treatment difficult to assess.

PMID- 178062
TI  - [State of the pituitary-adrenal system in patients with chronic circulatory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 178064
TI  - [Role of activation of the enzyme systems in the myocardium in the stimulation of
      the restorative processes in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 178063
TI  - [Problems of the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 178065
TI  - [Adrenal cortex hyperactivity in oat cell carcinoma].

PMID- 178066
TI  - [Equine rhinopneumonitis virus infection in horses. II (author's transl)].

PMID- 178067
TI  - Localization of angiotensin converting enzyme (kininase II). I. Preparation of
      antibody-hemeoctapeptide conjugates.
AB  - Antibodies to pig lung angiotensin converting enzyme (kininase II) were
      conjugated to a heme-octapeptide (8-microperoxidase, 8-MP) derived from
      cytochrome c. 8-MP, which has only one reactive amine, was coupled to antibody in
      a two-step procedure using a bifunctional active ester, bis-succinyl succinate.
      In the first-step, 8-MP-succinyl succinate, a stable compound which can be
      stored. In a second step, the remaining active ester was used for coupling to
      reactive amines of the antibody. The conjugate consists of 1.6-2.3 8-MP moieties
      per antibody. Using these procedures, the formation of complex polymers is
      avoided. Each molecule of conjugate possesses both immunoreactivity and
      peroxidatic activity. The conjugate has been used to localize angiotensin
      converting enzyme along the plasma membrane and associated caveolae of pig aortic
      endothelial cells in culture.

PMID- 178068
TI  - Localization of angiotensin converting enzyme (kininase II). II.
      Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence.
AB  - The cellular and subcellular sites of angiotensin converting enzyme (kininase II)
      in lung tissue and endothelial cells in culture were examined by
      immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence techniques. Converting enzyme is
      capable of inactivating bradykinin and of converting angiotensin I to its potent
      lower homolog, angiotensin II. Immunocytochemistry at the electron microscope
      level used goat anti- (pig lung and angiotensin converting enzyme) coupled to 11
      MP (11-microperoxidase) via glutaraldehyde or to 8-MP (8-microperoxidase) via a
      bifunctional active ester, bis-succinyl succinate. The latter conjugate, which
      does not contain complex polymers, has been characterized in detail in terms of
      immunoreactivity and peroxidase activity.

PMID- 178069
TI  - Cell remodeling in the fat body of an insect.
AB  - The fat body of the Lepidopteran, Calpodes ethlius, undergoes major functional
      changes during larval-adult metamorphosis. These changes occur in conjunction
      with extensive cell remodeling - a process whereby one population of cellular
      organelles is destroyed and replaced by another during development. Fat body
      organelles including mitochondria, microbodies, and RER are destroyed on a
      massive scale shortly before pupation (Locke and Collins, 1965; Locke and
      McMahon, 1971) a new populations of each are regenerated shortly after emergence
      of the adult. In addition, protein, lipid and RNA reserves formed shortly before
      pupation and multivesicular bodies formed shortly before emergence are secreted
      into the haemocoel during the first few days of adult life. Electron microscopic
      studies using tracer techniques, cytochemical and enzyme localization procedures,
      and sterological analyses have been undertaken to determine the time course and
      mechanism of organelle regeneration and the fate of reserves stored in the fat
      body.

PMID- 178070
TI  - Effects of imipramine, nomifensine and d-amphetamine on type B monoamine oxidase,
      cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.
AB  - The three dissimilar structural antidepressant drugs, imipramine, nomifensine and
      d-amphetamine, were compared for their effects on type B monoamine oxidase,
      cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. Three antidepressant
      drugs caused a dose-dependent inhibition on type B monoamine oxidase. Of the
      three drugs, imipramine had a most potent effect. Unlike d-amphetamine, both
      imipramine and nomifensine inhibited the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity at
      concentrations more than 10(-4)M. No effect was observed below this
      concentration. All drugs seemed to have little or no effects on the partially
      purified dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. The weak inhibitory effects of
      nomifensine on these three enzymes may not be attributable to its antidepressant
      properties. Morphine had no effect on the three enzyme activities.

PMID- 178071
TI  - Microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in rats given alpha-(2,4
      dichlorophenyl)-alpha-phenyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol for period of 14 days to 2
      years.

PMID- 178072
TI  - Synthesis of potential antiprogestogens.
AB  - Acylated derivatives of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were prepared in order to
      test the hypothesis that dialkylamino alkyl moieties have the effect of
      transforming progestogens into antiprogestogens. This approach has been
      successful with certain estrogens. Compounds with other functional groups were
      synthesized to determine whether these might exert binding influence outside the
      area occupied by progesterone itself. The compounds were tested for competitive
      affinity against tritiated progesterone and receptor from rabbit uterus cytosol.
      The low affinity of all derivatives makes it unlikely that they would be active
      as antiprogestational agents.

PMID- 178073
TI  - Existence of receptors bound to endogenous estradiol in breast cancers of
      premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
AB  - The amounts of free and occupied estrogen receptors were determined in cytosols
      and cellular (cytoplasmic + nuclear) extracts of 23 human breast cancers. In vivo
      undersaturation of the receptors was observed in all tumors. A positive
      correlation was found between the degree of saturation and the concentration of
      circulating estrogens in premenopausal women. The saturation of the sites was
      higher in cellular extracts than in cytosols, pointing to the existence of
      receptor-estradiol complexes bound to nuclei. Our results suggest that the
      absolute number of occupied receptors depends upon the level of available
      cytoplasmic receptors as well as upon the level of tissue estradiol.

PMID- 178074
TI  - Uterine estrogen receptor binding of catecholestrogens and of estetrol (1,3,5(10)
      estratriene-3,15alpha,16alpha,17beta-tetrol).
AB  - The binding affinities for the catecholestrogen metabolites of estradiol and of
      their methyl ethers for the rat uterine cytosol estrogen receptors were examined.
      Similarly the binding of the fetal estradiol metabolite, 15alpha-hydroxyestriol
      (estertrol) was also measured. All of the catecholestrogens showed binding
      affinities far in excess of their uterotrophic potency. This is different from
      estriol, the product of the alternative metabolic pathways and suggests that the
      direction of estradiol metabolism may have an important role in the modulation of
      estrogenic activity of the female sex hormone.

PMID- 178075
TI  - Water-soluble metabolites of the estrogens. Quantitation of C-18 tetrols in rat
      feces.
AB  - Several radioactive estrogens possessing one, two and three hydroxyl groups were
      injected orally (and in the case of estrone sulfate also intraperitoneally) into
      adult male rats. The rats were either intact or had ligated or cannulated bile
      ducts. Two unconjugated estrogen tetrols together represented 21 - 87% of the
      total metabolites in the intact rat. One of the tetrols was 2-hydroxyestriol
      (estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-2,3,16alpha,17beta-tetrol); the other may be estra
      1,3,5(10)-triene-2,3,6xi,17beta-tetrol but this was not confirmed. It is
      concluded that poly-hydroxylated estrogens represent a very large proportion of
      the previously unidentified water-soluble metabolites of the estrogens in the
      adult male rat.

PMID- 178077
TI  - Pyridine nucleotide redox state and blood flow of the cerebral cortex following
      middle cerebral artery occlusion in the cat.
AB  - Acute changes in the redox state of NADH in the cerebral cortex of cats were
      investigated following occlusion of the middle cerebral cortex (MCA) and were
      correlated with alterations of regional cerebral blood flow in the ischemic
      cortex determined autoradiographically. Arterial occlusion was accomplished via
      the transorbital approach. Cortical fluorescence and reflected light signals were
      recorded from the central MCA territory by means of a beam-splitting fluorometer,
      and a fluorescence signal corrected for alterations in intravascular hemoglobin
      was derived. Following arterial occlusion, there was a rapid increase in cortical
      NADH fluorescence, peaking within 30 to 70 seconds at 20% to 40% of full scale.
      This was followed by a slow linear decline in fluorescence over the next several
      minutes. The behavior of cortical NADH fluorescence was unaffected by replacement
      of the ambient air over the cortical surface with nitrogen. Mean regional blood
      flow values in the most ischemic gyri two to 15 minutes following arterial
      occlusion were 21% to 23% of the corresponding values in the opposite,
      nonischemic hemisphere. In individual animals, peak NADH fluorescence values
      following arterial occlusion correlated with the extent of blood flow reduction
      in the affected ischemic gyri (P less than 0.05).

PMID- 178078
TI  - A survey of hospital services for suicidal persons.
AB  - A person who threatens or attempts suicide, arriving for treatment at any 1 of 10
      hospitals serving a suburban area in the Bay Area of California, will be met with
      a variety of responses by different kinds of personnel, depending on the hospital
      to which he comes. In half of the hospitals, he could be subsequently discharged
      without psychiatric consultation of any kind. Follow-through on any outpatient
      referral would usually be left up to him. Although a few hospitals attend to the
      problem of suicidal persons in many important respects, other hospitals pay
      little attention to these same aspects. Because of the important role of the
      hospital in the prevention of suicide, it is recommended that the hospital's
      function in dealing with suicidal patients be better defined, extended, and made
      more consistent.

PMID- 178076
TI  - Specific progesterone receptors in dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary
      tumors.
AB  - Properties of a progesterone receptor present in the cytosol (105,000 xg
      supernatant) of dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors were studied
      using the highly potent progestin [3H]R 5020 (17, 21-dimethyl-19-nor-pregna-4, 9
      diene-3,20-dione). As shown by sucrose gradient analysis, specific binding of
      [3H] R 5020 is associated with components migrating at 7-8S and 4S. Low affinity
      binding of the synthetic progestin is eliminated by treatment with dextran-coated
      charcoal. [3H] R 5020 binding is highly progestin-specific since it is easily
      displaced by unlabelled norgestrel, R 5020 and progesterone while estradiol
      17beta, dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, testosterone and diethylstilbestrol
      have much lower activity. Dexamethasone and cortisol have little, if any, effect
      on [3H] R 5020 binding.

PMID- 178079
TI  - The value of amoebic serology in an area of low endemicity.
AB  - One hundred sera from army patients who had had amoebiasis in the past and 113
      sera from coloured immigrants attending a venereal diseases clinic were examined
      by four serological techniques. The indirect haemagglutination and the latex
      agglutination tests showed almost complete correlation; they are useful
      epidemiological tools but too sensitive and the antibodies on which they depend
      are too persistent for clinical use. The indirect fluorescent antibody test is a
      good clinical screening test, and in an area of low endemicity the gel diffusion
      precipitin test shows a close correlation with clinical disease.

PMID- 178080
TI  - In vitro sensitivity of Entamoeba histolytica to furazolidone and
      iodochlorhydroxyquin, separate and combined.
AB  - Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites isolated in Robinson's medium from faeces
      containing cysts, transported from India, have been tested in vitro against the
      drugs furazolidone, iodochlorhydroxyquin, and both drugs combined as Dependal.
      Results show the levels at which drug action is significant and that interaction
      between the drugs occurs at two concentrations.

PMID- 178081
TI  - [Drug resistance and hormone dependence of a case of breast cancer].
AB  - A case of breast cancer was treated with mastectomy followed by cyclical
      combination chemotherapy with CMF for a year. In the course of chemotherapy
      cancer developed in the contralateral breast. Mastectomy was followed within two
      months by lung metastases. After ovariectomy the lung metastases cleared almost
      completely. The case shown how the hormone dependence of a breast cancer can
      remain unimpaired even after prolonged chemotherapy and notwithstanding its
      failure and secondly that amenorrhea due to chemotherapy need not mean endocrine
      failure of the ovary.

PMID- 178082
TI  - [Principle and new media for sporulation of Clostridium perfringens. Preliminary
      results with an attenuated mutant].

PMID- 178084
TI  - Aerobic and anaerobic flora in bladder urine of patients with indwelling urethral
      catheters.
AB  - Twenty-five bladder urine specimens from 13 patients with long-standing
      indwelling catheters were obtained by percutaneous suprapubic needle aspiration
      to avoid contamination by extraneous flora and cultured aerobically and
      anaerobically. Twenty different species of organism were isolated from twenty
      four positive specimens. The isolates were predominantly gram-negative aerobic or
      facultatively anaerobic bacilli, with occasional gram-positive aerobic cocci and
      yeasts. One patient had Clostridium perfringens and a Bifidobacterium and another
      had Veillonella and two species of Bifidobacterium. Both patients had four
      concomitant aerobic or facultative bacteria present. Anaerobic bacteria may
      therefore be found in the bladder urine of some patients with indwelling urethral
      catheters, but their role in the initiation and perpetuation of urinary tract
      infection in this setting remains unclear.

PMID- 178083
TI  - Ileal conduit urinary diversion. Ten-year review.
AB  - The experience with ileal conduit urinary diversion at Emory University and
      Affiliated Hospitals over a ten-year period is presented. Included in this review
      are patients with benign and malignant disease. The indications, technique,
      results, and complications of this type of urinary diversion are considered. Some
      differences between ileal conduit diversion of children and adults are discussed.

PMID- 178085
TI  - Malignant hypertension with hypokalemia in a patient with renin-producing
      pulmonary carcinoma.

PMID- 178086
TI  - [Phosphatase activity of the neutrophils in acute appendicitis in children].
AB  - Phosphatase activity of neutrophils was studied in 342 patients directed to the
      hospital with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and in 56 healthy children.
      The index of phosphatase activity of neutrophils (IPAN) was found to be
      considerably increased in all forms of appendicitis in childhood. An intensity of
      the reaction depends on the form and terms, elapsed since the disease onset. The
      determination of IPAN in the complex with clinical findings could be utilized for
      the differential diagnosis purposes in investigation of patients suspected of
      acute appendicitis, while in the postoperative period - for estimating a gravity
      of the course and prognosis of the disease.

PMID- 178087
TI  - Abortion associated with mixed Leptospira/equid herpesvirus 1 infection.

PMID- 178088
TI  - Practical aspects of equine virus abortion in the United Kingdom.
AB  - The current knowledge of the clinical signs, epidemiology and pathogenesis of
      abortion due to the equid herpesvirus (EHV 1) is reviewed. The relationship
      between the respiratory and abortigenic forms of the disease is discussed as well
      as the low incidence of virus abortion in the UK compared to some other parts of
      the world. Some practical aspects of the disease as they affect stud management
      are considered including methods of diagnosis, prophylaxis and the necessary
      action to be taken to prevent spread of infection.

PMID- 178089
TI  - [Case of rhinopneumonia in horses in Kirghizia].

PMID- 178090
TI  - Effect of ceruloplasmin on Sendai virus multiplication in chorioallantoic
      membrane fragments.
AB  - Three stages can be distinguished in the evolution of HA titer during Sendai
      virus multiplication in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) fragments in relation to
      the age of CAM and conditions of inoculation and maintenance. Ceruloplasmin has
      an inhibitory effect on virus multiplication, more marked in the case of
      stationarily maintained CAM fragments and dependent on the relationship between
      the moment of ceruloplasmin addition and of virus inoculation. Maximum inhibition
      is achieved by inoculation of Sendai  virus (1 Ha u) after 4 1/2-hour
      preincubation with ceruloplasmin (5 x 10(-7)M). The experimental data plead for
      the formation of a virus-ceruloplasmin complex able to inhibit both penetration
      and release of virus synthesized in the cell.

PMID- 178091
TI  - Studies on the presence of viral antibodies in patients with various forms of
      malignant neoplasia.
AB  - The study of viral antibodies in 6714 sera demonstrated that the level of
      antibodies to infectious viruses was the same in cancer patients as in controls.
      However, the patients with various forms of neoplasia showed a considerable
      percentage and high antibody levels to viruses with oncogenic potential for
      animals (adenovirus, SV40, Rous virus) or involved in human carcinogenesis
      (herpes virus).

PMID- 178092
TI  - Uterine leiomyosarcoma in the rabbit following in situ inoculation of nucleic
      acid extract from cell cultures infected with herpes simplex viurs type 2 (HSV
      2).

PMID- 178093
TI  - In vivo methylation of vesicular stomatitis virus and its host-cell messenger RNA
      species.

PMID- 178094
TI  - Cross-linked double-stranded RNA from a defective vesicular stomatitis virus
      particle.

PMID- 178095
TI  - Intertypic complementation and recombination between temperature-sensitive
      mutants of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.

PMID- 178097
TI  - In vitro translation of encephalomyocarditis viral RNA: synthesis of capsid
      precursor-like polypeptides.

PMID- 178096
TI  - Molecular modification of interferon: attainment of human interferon in a
      conformation active on cat cells but inactive on human cells.

PMID- 178099
TI  - Selective induction of murine oncornavirus gene expression in somatic cell
      hybrids between mouse peritoneal macrophages and SV-40-transformed human cells.

PMID- 178098
TI  - Avian leukosis-sarcoma virus gene expression. Noncoordinate control of group
      specific antigens in virus-negative avian cells.

PMID- 178100
TI  - Synthesis of proteins in cells infected with herpesvirus. XI. Sulfated,
      structural glycoproteins.

PMID- 178101
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced change in the saturation sensitivity and serum
      dependence of established, EBV-negative lymphoma lines in vitro.

PMID- 178102
TI  - [Use of antibiotics during pregnancy (review of the literature)].

PMID- 178103
TI  - [Transfer of the genetic information of oncornaviruses by means of tumor cell
      DNA].
AB  - The infection process was reproduced in the culture of chick embryonal cells by
      means of: a) DNA isolated from chick Rous sarcoma (Carr-Zilber strain); b) DNA
      from blood cells of chicks with myeloblastosis (strain A); c) DNA from Rous virus
      malignified (Prague strain) rat cells (XC). Antigenic properties of the virus,
      transfected with DNA from chick Rous sarcoma, would differ from the original
      parental strain (Carr-Zilber RSV), that evidences the possibility of a partial
      transfer of genetic information in transfection. A suggestion is made on four
      presumable variants of oncornaviruses transfection by means of tumor cells DNA.

PMID- 178104
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of experimental tumors of the intestine].
AB  - Tumors of the rat large intestine induced by subcutaneous injection of 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine were studied by the method of electron microscopy.
      Adenocarcinomas retained histiotypical differentiation and at the same time
      consisted mostly of cells with a low rate of differentiation. Just on the
      contrary, in mucous and signet-ring cell carcinomas the picture of an advanced
      cell differentiation was observed in a complete loss of organogeny. The greatest
      malignancy of neoplasms (signet-ring carcinoma), which cells are characterized by
      a high degree of cytological differentiation, is a manifestation of independence
      of tumor progression signs.

PMID- 178105
TI  - [Effect of polymers used in food processing industry on biochemical indicators of
      the liver].

PMID- 178106
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis (etiology, pathogenesis and pathobiochemistry)].

PMID- 178107
TI  - Smallpox eradication in 1975.

PMID- 178108
TI  - [Zitostop in cyclical treatment of malignant lymphoma in combination with
      vinblastine, natulan and prednisone].

PMID- 178109
TI  - [Pancreas carcinoma in the rat (attempts at implantation)].
AB  - It is reported on the technique of transplantation of a carcinoma on the pancreas
      of the rat. As to the origin the malignoma used is a tumour induced by Methyl
      Yellow and known as solid form of the Zajdela-hepatoma. Out of 50 transplantation
      experiments 48 were successful (96%). After continuous growth regional formations
      of metastases were observed. Death took place in the 3rd week after transgression
      of the borders of the organs under the picture of cachexia.

PMID- 178110
TI  - [Adenosine-3', 5' -monophosphate in amniotic fluid of normal and high-risk
      pregnancy (author's transl)].
AB  - Transfer of information by cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an important principle of
      hormonal regulation. The endocrine and metabolic changes during pregnancy may
      result from a changed cAMP metabolism. At the beginning of systematic
      investigations on this complex of problems we determined the cAMP content in 111
      samples of amniotic fluid from 104 pregnant women without risk symptoms between
      the eleventh and fortieth week of pregnancy. Up to the 20th week of pregnancy the
      cAMP content of the amniotic fluid remains constant (5 - 15pmol/ml) and
      subsequently rises (40th week: 19 - 35pmol/ml). We compared the cAMP content of
      27 amniotic fluid samples from 22 risk pregnancies with the normal range which
      was established in this way. Higher levels of cAMP were measured in the amniotic
      fluid of women with hypertonic toxemia of pregnancy, gestational diabetes and
      intrauterine malnutrition - especially in relation to the birth weight. The
      various possible interpretations for this behavior must be clarified by further
      investigations.

PMID- 178111
TI  - [Enzyme-histochemical and Feulgen-cytophotometric studies on cells of the
      cutaneous connective tissue in inflammations and tumor growth].

PMID- 178112
TI  - Transplacental effects of ethylnitrosourea precursors ethylurea and sodium
      nitrite in hamsters.
AB  - Four simultaneous dosages of the ethylnitrosourea precursors, ethylurea and
      sodium nitrite, were administered intragastrically to pregnant hamsters at 100
      mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively, from the 12-15th days of pregnancy. The
      treatment induced multiple neurogenic tumors of the peripheral nervous system in
      the offspring. Female progeny developed a greater incidence and multiplicity of
      peripheral nervous system tumors with significantly shorter latencies than males,
      thus establishing evidence that the tumors were age and sex dependent. The tumors
      presented varied morphological patterns and upon transplantation, grew regularly,
      exhibiting their malignant nature. The possible influence of estrogenic hormones
      on the development and growth of peripheral nervous system tumors and comparative
      aspects of the relationship between prenatal and postnatal carcinogenesis with
      regard to the ensuing tumor spectra as a consequence of exposure to the same
      chemical agent, are discussed.

PMID- 178113
TI  - Transplantable, STH-producing and diabetogenic pituitary adenoma of the BD IX
      strain of rats.
AB  - A chromophobic pituitary adenoma induced on BD IX-rats has been grafted on
      animals of the same strain. The transplanted tumour takes in 90-100%; it grows at
      a slow rate (in 7 months after grafting a weight of 7-20 g is attained). Tumour
      bearing animals display gigantism and hypertrophy of adrenals; moreover, in 33%
      of cases, diabetes is observed. With non-diabetic animals, splenomegaly and
      marked leukocytosis are observed; immature white and red cells are present in the
      peripheral blood. Spontaneous regression of the tumour never occurs. After
      surgical removal, tumour regrowth and the formation of metastases are observed.
      Diabetes is characterised by pronounced hyperglycaemia, glucosuria, polyphagia
      and polydipsia. Histochemically, insulin cannot be detected in pancreas.
      Splenomegaly is never observed in diabetic animals. Transplanted adenoma
      frequently tends to stop growing. No recurrence is observable after extirpation.
      Spontaneous regression of the tumour sometimes occurs. Gigantism, hypertrophy of
      adrenals and diabetes are considered as consequences of growth hormone- and ACTH
      secretion of the transplanted adenoma. At present the tumour is running in the
      8th passage. It did not change its characteristics over a period of 5 years.

PMID- 178114
TI  - [Effect of the experimentally induced stress situation on the vascular wall in
      the rabbit].
AB  - DCS and ACTH causes an increasing cellular proliferation in the arterial wall of
      the rabbit. The combination of both shows only a small further increasing. The
      importance of these experiments is thought as an additional cause in the
      atherosclerotic vessel wall alteration.

PMID- 178116
TI  - [Suppression by means of the BCG vaccine of specific antitumor immunity to tumors
      caused by the virus SV40 in Syrian hamsters].

PMID- 178115
TI  - [Aseptic necrosis of head of femur and disturbance of fat-metabolism type IIa
      after Fredrickson (author's transl)].
AB  - The history of aseptic necrosis of the head of femur is given. Following
      publication of osteonecrosis in hyperlipoproteinemia type IV after Fredrickson,
      now for the first time the relation between aseptic necrosis of the femoral head
      and the primary disturbance of fat metabolism type II is revealed. There exists a
      hypercholesterinemia, more exactly a hyperbeta-cholesterinemia. The subgroups
      type IIa and type IIb are explained. Type II is of particular importance since it
      produces early arteriosclerosis which demands early diagnosis, since this
      condition can be treated by drugs and diet. In the writers' opinion further
      differentiation of dys-and hyperlipidemiae in aseptic necrosis of the femoral
      head will enable us to define signs of disturbances of lipid metabolism. The
      group of "idiopathic" necroses of the femoral head will become steadily smaller.
      According to this basic concept the hypothesis might be put forward that this
      type of aseptic osteonecrosis is a late complication of a differentiated fat
      metabolic disturbance.

PMID- 178117
TI  - [Inhibition of the growth of transplanted tumors in newborn recipients].

PMID- 178118
TI  - [Determination of the antitumor immunity blocking effect of the serum of Syrian
      hamsters in the early stages of primary carcinogenesis caused by the SV40 virus].

PMID- 178120
TI  - [Cycloalkylsulfamic acids and their salts. i.v. (author's transl)].
AB  - The sodium salts of cis- and trans-2-methyl-cyclohexylsulfamic acid were
      synthesized and tasted. There is no difference in their degree of sweetness.

PMID- 178119
TI  - Hepatomegaly in Lusaka.
AB  - Pattern of hepatomegaly in Lusaka is studied. It appears that toxic hepatitis,
      viral hepatitis, hepatoma, cirrhosis and schistomasis play a major part in our
      set up in producing hepatic pathology.

PMID- 178122
TI  - Adrenocorticotropic hormone, glucose and displacement activities in pigeons.
AB  - The possibility that displacement activities might be consequences of stress
      induced humoral responses was investigated. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and
      glucose were injected into the brain ventricles of unrestrained domestic pigeons.
      ACTH leads to an increased frequency of yawning and headshaking and glucose to a
      decrease in arousal. It is concluded that these behavioural responses correspond
      partly with the displacement activities shown by birds. The role of the
      cerebrospinal fluid as a mediator of behaviourally active substances is
      discussed.

PMID- 178121
TI  - [Determination of sulphydryl and disulphide groups in proteins by amperometric
      titration. III. Investigation of the specifity of Ag+ ions for protein SH groups
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The specifity of Ag+ ions for protein SH groups has been questioned frequently,
      even though the amperometric titration with AgNO3 is one of the most common
      methods for the determination of SH groups in proteins. This is due to the fact,
      that the formation of silver complexes in the titration of cysteine causes a
      consumption of AgNO3 which is too high. In order to find out if this may be true
      in the case of proteins, in the present work select proteins with a well known
      content of SH and SS groups have been titrated amperometrically in tris buffer pH
      7.4 with 0.001 M AgNO3. The proteins used were hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin,
      ovalbumin, lysozyme, pepsin, myoglobin, and cytochrome c. The direct and the
      indirect titrations of (a) native, (b) denatured, and (c) NaBH4 reduced proteins
      showed, that the expected consumption of AgNO3 was in no case exceeded. Therefore
      under the conditions used AgNO3 may be considered as a specific reagent for
      protein SH groups. High SH values as a result of the amperometric titration of
      proteins with silver nitrate, which have been published occasionally, may be due
      to incorrect estimation of the end point of the titration. The reducibility of SS
      groups depends on the kind of protein. Lysozyme and pepsin were already
      completely reduced at 23 degrees C, whereas bovine serum albumin needed 60
      degrees C. The direct titration method was useful only in some cases for the
      detection of all SH groups originally present in the proteins or formed by
      reduction with NaBH4. On the other hand the indirect titration method gave
      maximum values, because the slowly reacting SH groups of proteins are also
      allowed to react and the resulting titration curves may be evaluated correctly.

PMID- 178124
TI  - [Studies on intra- and interspecies relationships of bacterial hemolysins. 1.
      Identification of marked and masking toxin relationships of Cl. perfringens.
      Efficiency of the serum-unmasking test for the diagnosis of the classical C
      subtype].

PMID- 178123
TI  - [Intrauterine infection of mice with ectromelia virus].

PMID- 178125
TI  - [Antiviral effect of pyran copolymer].

PMID- 178126
TI  - [Physico-chemical and serological study of agglutinogen 3 of B. pertussis].
AB  - Results of immunoelectrophoresis, gel-filtration and sedimentation analysis
      showed the preparation of agglutinogen 3 of B. pertussis to be homogenous. The
      principal physico-chemical characteristics of agglutinogen 3 (sedimentation
      constant, diffusion coefficient, molecular weight) were determined.

PMID- 178127
TI  - [The effect of schizophrenic patients serum on the activity of several leukocyte
      enzymes].
AB  - A study of the activity of leukocyte enzymes in the blood of patients with
      nuclear forms of schizophrenia (52 cases) and in patients with circular
      schizophrenia (22 cases) depicted the following conditions. In the group of
      malignant schizophrenia, irrespective of the stage of the disease and in the
      group of circular forms there was a definite drop in the activity of
      cytochromoxidase, succinatedehydrogenase and MAO, while as the activity of the
      ATP-ase and peroxidase was increased. Supplementary animal experiments in vitro
      and in vivo made it possible to assume that these changes are due to the so
      called serum factor.

PMID- 178128
TI  - Parathyroid function and urinary cyclic 3'5' adenosine monophosphate.

PMID- 178130
TI  - Eosinophilic granulocytes on the gastrocytogram.
AB  - The presence of eosinophilic granulocytes in the gastrocytogram requires
      examination is not specific and has to be clarified by repeated examinations. The
      patient should be kept under constant gastrocytologic control, because in certain
      cases the appearance of eosinophilic granulocytes may accompany cancer.

PMID- 178129
TI  - Electron microscopic observations on sputum in alveolar cell carcinoma.
AB  - This paper reports the techniques and results from the use of electron microscopy
      to augment the routine cytopathologic study of cells in sputum. The material for
      study consisted of specimens of sputum taken from a 75 year old white woman. The
      patient later died three months after the beginning of radiotherapy for alveolar
      cell carcinoma of the lung. Light microscopy revealed a homogenous population of
      cells, obviously malignant, and interpreted as being derived from alveolar cell
      carcinoma. Electron microscopic study showed prominent microvilli, numerous
      mitochondria, multiple foci of well-developed Golgi apparatus, and several types
      of lysosomes. The ultrastructure of these cells resembled that which has been
      described for type II alveolar cells from the lung.

PMID- 178131
TI  - Preparation of islets of Langerhans from rabbits and hamsters by the collagenase
      digestion technique.
AB  - In this report we describe some modifications of the collagenase digestion
      technique for the preparation of pancreatic islets, that we have found helpful in
      preparing isolated islets of Langerhans from rabbits and hamsters. These
      modifications include disrupting the pancreatic acinar tissue by directly
      infiltrating it with Hanks' solution, periodically monitoring the progress of the
      collagenase digestion of the pancreatic tissue with the dissecting microscope,
      and purifying the islets by serial passage of the digested tissue through three
      Petri dishes containing Hanks' solution. This technique results in the successful
      isolation of the fragile and irregular rabbit islets as well as the isolation of
      the sturdier and more uniformly shaped hamster islets. The isolated respond to a
      glucose stimulus with an increase in radioimmunoassayable insulin secretion. We
      also describe a filtration technique for the preparation of isolated islets for
      histological examination. Isolated islets are retained on Millipore filters. The
      filters are then fixed, stained and mounted. Finally, we present realistic
      photographs of rabbit and hamster islets, as they appear under the dissecting
      microscope, during various stages of purification and isolation.

PMID- 178132
TI  - Oestradiol- and dihydrotestosterone receptors in normal and neoplastic human
      mammary tissue.
AB  - Human mammary gland and tumours derived from it contain individual receptors for
      oestradiol) and for dihydrotestosterone. Analysis of 97 mammary cancers by
      agargel electrophoresis revealed a widely varying pattern of simultaneous
      occurrence in different concentration ratios (46), sole presence of oestradiol
      receptor (23) or dihydrotestosterone receptor (8) and absence of both receptors
      (18). The relevance of the results is discussed and the need for an extensive
      cooperative study is emphasized.

PMID- 178133
TI  - Inhibition o'f insulin release by cyproheptadine: effects on 3',5'-cyclic-AMP
      content and 45Ca-accumulation of incubated mouse islets.
AB  - Cyproheptadine (1, 10 and 100 muM) significantly reduced insulin release from
      isolated mouse islets in response to glucose. In contrast, 1 mM cyproheptadine
      induced a large release of insulin into the incubation medium probably due to
      islet cell damage, since the islets had lost a considerable amount of their
      protein content. 3',5'-cyclic-AMP-levels of the islets were not significantly
      affected by 10 muM cyproheptadine in the presence as well as in the absence of
      theophylline (10 mM). As the inhibitory effect of cyproheptadine on insulin
      release was correlated with reduced accumulation of calcium-45, the agent may
      inhibit insulin release by interfering with the calcium handling of the beta
      cell.

PMID- 178134
TI  - The subcellular distribution of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the human
      term placenta.

PMID- 178135
TI  - Ligand-binding characteristics of rat testis receptors for luteinizing hormone.

PMID- 178136
TI  - Studies on ectopic ACTH-producing tumours. IV. CRF-like activity in tumour
      tissue.

PMID- 178137
TI  - Specific binding of LH-RH to the anterior pituitary gland during the oestrous
      cycle in the rat.

PMID- 178138
TI  - Genetic aspects of childhood tumours.
AB  - Present concepts on the etiology of childhood tumours are reviewed. The
      difference in clinical manifestations of the hereditary and nonhereditary types
      are illustrated with data on retinoblastoma and on nephroblastoma.
      Notwithstanding these differences it is most likely that the fundamental
      etiologic process is the same in both and that it consists in successive
      mutational events. The possible consequences of the association of retinoblastoma
      with a deletion of chromosome 13 in some cases are discussed. Several
      explanations for the association of Wilms' tumour and aniridia are also
      discussed.

PMID- 178139
TI  - Hydrogen cyanide smell sensitivity in some Indian populations.
AB  - The ability to smell HCN has been examined in a sample of 2619 subjects from
      Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, belonging to different Indian ethnic groups. One
      single antimode, between concentrations of 5% and 10%, has been found. No sex nor
      ethnic differences were noted. Previous claims of possible sex-linked inheritance
      could not be confirmed.

PMID- 178140
TI  - [Two cases of May-Hegglin anomaly (author's transl)].

PMID- 178141
TI  - Heavy metal levels and delta-amino-levulinic acid dehydrase levels in peripheral
      polyneuropathy.
AB  - On the basis of assay of heavy metals in whole blood (lead, cadimum, chromium,
      copper, nickel and manganese) and delta-amino-levulinic-acid dehydrase (ALA-D)
      and ALA in urine in a normal Danish population, the levels of these clinco
      chemical factors were assayed in 23 patients with peripheral neuropathy of
      unknown etiology. All patients studied showed electro-physiological sign of
      denervation and/or reduced motor or sensoric nerve conduction velocity. Cadmium
      and manganese were never found to be increased. In all but four patients, an
      increase of one or more heavy metals was found. Ten patients showed raised levels
      of two or more metals, the dominant metal being lead (10 cases), nine patients
      showed increased in chromium. A significant corrleation was found between
      increasing lead levels and decreasing ALA-D activity. Although normal
      concentrations of manganese were found, correlation analysis revealed a
      significant correlation between increased manganese and decreased ALA-D. The
      raised values of heavy metals could not be traced to occupational or other
      exposure to heavy metals and the increased values were not related to tobacco
      consumption. The findings are discussed in relation to known data on neuropathy
      and the results seem to indicate a multifactorial patholgenesis of the disease.
      Among factors contributing to the precipitation of the syndrome may be raised
      levels of heavy metals.

PMID- 178142
TI  - Ultrastructure of Lewy bodies in the stellate ganglion.
AB  - The Lewy body, a characteristic nerve cell inclusion in idiopathic parkinsonism,
      was examined by electron microscopy in the stellate ganglion, obtained from 9
      patients at autopsy. Three main forms of Lewy bodies or Lewy body-related
      structures were demonstrated: A.Rare filamentous Lewy bodies, similar to Lewy
      bodies in the central nervous system. B. Granular Lewy bodies in nerve cell
      processes. C. Abnormal nerve cell processes, filled with heterogenous material.
      Large dense core vesicles were prominent in the last 2 forms. None of these
      abnormalities were found in 2 control groups consisting of 9 parkinsonism cases
      without central nervous system Lewy bodies, and 17 cases without parkinsonism.
      The filamentous Lewy body (type A) was found in the perikaryon and was surrounded
      by neuromelanin, whereas the other forms (type B and C) were seen in nerve cell
      processes. Mitochondrial inclusions, present mainly, but not exclusively, in
      neuromelanin-containing cells, were not related to Lewy body formation or to
      parkinsonism.

PMID- 178144
TI  - Specific estrogen-binding sites in cytoplasmic protein of human uterine tissues.

PMID- 178143
TI  - Extraocular muscles: light microscopy and ultrastructural features.
AB  - Thirty extraocular muscles (EOM) from 20 patients were evaluated by light
      microscopy (LM), electron microscopy (EM), and enzyme histochemistry (EZH).
      Twenty-one EOM were obtained from 13 patients with strabismus, 9 EOM from 4
      patients undergoing eye surgery for other reasons and from 3 autopsy cases. One
      mum thick sections revealed marked variation in muscle fibre shape and size and
      in myofibrillar structure; also noted were small, hypertrophied, whorled, and
      ringbinden fibres. Dense and granular material in the central portion of some
      fibres and sarcomere disruption in 2--3 mum sections was observed. EZH revealed
      the absence of the classical mosaic pattern usually found in skeletal muscles.
      ATPase studies were inconsistent and did not correlate with the expected
      reciprocal activity of NAD-H diaphorase, particularly on the large fibres.
      Ultrastructural features consisted of vacuoles within myofilament bundles,
      "smearing" of Z bands, and "nemaline rods". Occasional myelin figures and lipid
      like droplets were observed in subsarcolemmal spaces, associated with scattered
      clusters of glycogen granules. Abnormal mitochondria and subsarcolemmal
      inclusions of dense and granular material were conspicuous. "Leptomeric"
      profiles, "Zebra bodies", or "striated bodies" were noted in 8 EOM's, and an
      Hirano body was found in 1. The intramuscular nerves contained structures
      resembling "Luse bodies" in 7 cases. These observations suggest that EOM from
      individuals with and without strabismus possess unique structural characteristics
      suggestive of developmental and morphological disarrangement of contractile
      elements. Some of these changes might play a role in the pathogenesis of
      strabismus and in the development of clinical symptoms. These features are
      significantly different from striated skeletal muscle. Therefore the criteria
      used in the pathological evaluation and diagnosis of skeletal muscle disorders
      cannot be unequivocally applied to EOM investigations. These data establish the
      necessity to determine histological norms, ultrastructural patterns, and develop
      new enzyme histochemistry criteria for the evaluation of EOM. Only then can an
      acceptable comparison of EOM and skeletal muscle be made.

PMID- 178146
TI  - Smooth-muscle antibodies and antibodies to cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus
      in leukaemias and lymphomata.
AB  - By means of the indirect immunofluorescent method, smooth-muscle antibodies (SMA)
      were detected significantly more often in patients with malignant diseases
      (11.7%) than in normal controls (3.3%) (0.02 greater than pgreater than 0.01).
      SMA occurred in 23.8% of patients with Hodgkin's disease, in 13.3% of patients
      with myeloproliferative diseases and in 4.7% of patients with lymphoproliferative
      diseases. Other tissue antibodies were rare and they were found to occur at the
      same frequency in patients and controls. The occurrence of cytomegalovirus (CMV)
      antibodies did not differ significantly in patients and controls and, in both
      groups, the frequency of these antibodies increased with increasing age. The
      frequency of Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV) antibodies increased also with increasing
      age both in patients and controls, but these antibodies were found more
      frequently in patients than in controls (p=0.03). No relationship between the
      occurrence of SMA and viral antibodies was demonstrated. Thus, the development of
      SMA in patients with malignancies could not be shown to be due to CMV or EBV
      infection.

PMID- 178147
TI  - Reactivation of spontaneous activity of the right atrium in deep hypothermia and
      after unfreezing.

PMID- 178145
TI  - [Changes in area of mucous membrane in otosclerosis].
AB  - In 98 samples of middle-ear mucosa, taken from patients during otosclerotic
      stapes surgery, considerable pathological changes in the organization of the
      capillaries were found (endothelial hydrops, proliferation of the intima and
      adventitia, total obliteration of small vessels). They caused pathological
      reactions of the mesenchymal elements of the submucosa: fibrocytes undergo lysis,
      collagen fibres show fibolysis and hyalinosis. Free and cellular bound calcium
      deposits are located in these lytic areas. Even the epithelial stratum reveals
      uncommon inclusions such as glycogen and acid mucopolysaccharides. The basement
      membranes of the capillaries as well as of the epithelium show enlargements and
      solution of their ultrastructure. The changes of the connective tissue and of the
      epithelium are secondary to the capillary obstructions.

PMID- 178148
TI  - [Effect of solvents and silica gel on vitamin A transformation].

PMID- 178150
TI  - Hepatosplenography by intravenous injection of a new iodized oily emulsion.
AB  - Hepatosplenography with intravenously injected iodized lipid emulsion has been
      performed in 30 cases and the results reported. The side effects were minor and
      transient, as the elimination is rapid. The uptake in the liver was satisfactory
      and permitted tomography both of the liver and the spleen. Small neoplasms and
      splenic nodules in Hodgkin's disease could be detected and located accurately.

PMID- 178149
TI  - Hepatography with intravenously injected emulsified iodolipids. Preliminary
      results.
AB  - Hepatography by slow intravenous infusion of AG 60 99 Guerbet (iodized lipids in
      a stable emulsion) was performed in 31 patients, aged 17 to 77 years, to detect
      circumscribed hepatic lesions: metastases, cysts, and hepatic abscesses. The
      tolerance was good with minor side effects unrelated to the patient's age. The
      uptake of the medium involves the entire liver and lasts for several hours,
      allowing tomography to be carried out. Intrahepatic lesions with a diameter of
      less than one centimeter may be demonstrated. Hepatography proves to be the most
      accurate method available at present for exploration of the liver.

PMID- 178151
TI  - Treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. A review.
AB  - Experience in irradiating 114 patients with glioblastoma multiforme is reviewed.
      The split-course therapy utilized in this series, even to high doses
      (approximately 5 600 rad in 20 fractions over 45 to 50 days), was not associated
      with an improved survival and does not seem of benefit over conventional
      fractionation. Adding BCNU (or perhaps tri-iodothyronine) to medium field (less
      than 135 mc) and moderate dose irradiation (5 000 rad in 25 treatments in 33
      days) may improve the outlook for patients with glioblastoma multiforme. An
      expanded controlled clinical trial to assess this promise of improved treatment
      results seems indicated.

PMID- 178153
TI  - [Scintiscanning of the bone of the skull using Tc99m-pyrophosphate].

PMID- 178154
TI  - Spontaneous and induced changes in thymus pattern.

PMID- 178155
TI  - The role of suppression in immunoregulation.

PMID- 178156
TI  - The relationship between phagocytosis, release of lysosomal enzymes and 3', 5'
      cyclic adenosine monophosphate in mouse macrophages.

PMID- 178157
TI  - The pathophysiology of sleep disorders in pediatrics. Part I. Sleep in infancy.
AB  - In this part of the chapter we have described the characteristics of two
      alternating sleep states - REM and NREM sleep in preterm and full-term infants.
      We have indicated how individual physiologic measures, recorded during sleep,
      mature and become synchromized into patterns that define the sleep states. We
      have described abnormalities in this process and have related them to clinical
      populations of deviant infants. Throughout, we have emphasized the complexity of
      the process and the methodologic sophistication required to investigate
      adequately the multiple dimensions of sleep. Despite somewhat discrepant and
      confusing reports in the literature, we continue to believe that sleep studies
      will provide rewarding insights into the central nervous system functioning of
      the developing young infant.

PMID- 178158
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 178159
TI  - Lactic acidosis in childhood.
AB  - Children with chronic metabolic acidosis should be investigated to determine the
      presence of an organic acid, especially when the plasma electrolyte profile shows
      a deficiency of anion. One of the organic acids that should be looked for in such
      a patient is lactic acid. Lactic acidosis due to tissue hypoxia is a well-known
      phenomenon (e.g., in shock and cardiopulmonary disease) and has not been
      discussed in this essay; nor has lactic acidosis due to exogenous causes like
      infusion of fructose or sorbitol, or admiministration of phenformin. Chronic
      lactic acidosis in infancy is a rare condition. It may be associated with
      glycogen storage disease Type 1, fructose diphosphatase deficiency, methylmalonic
      acidemia, propionic acidemia, pyruvate carboxylase or dehydrogenase deficiency
      and Leigh's subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (SNE). Some patients with
      chronic lactic acidosis do not have nay of these diseases and comprise an
      "idiopathic" group. This is a heterogeneous group, probably having several
      different causes for the metabolic error. In Leigh's SNE, a metabolic block in
      the formation of thiamine triphosphate in brain has been demonstrated and has
      been attributed to the presence of an inhibitor of thiamine pyrophosphate
      adenosine triphosphate (TPP-ATP) phosphoryl transferase in body fluids. The
      inhibitor has also been encountered in cases of intermittent cerebellar ataxia
      and of primary hypoventilation (Ondine's curse), which may represent variants of
      Leigh's disease. Increased blood levels of lactate, pyruvate and alanine
      frequently are encountered in SNE, but it still is not clear whether they are due
      to a primary or secondary disturbance in the catabolism of pyruvate. Disturbed
      lactate and pyruvate metabolism has also been encountered in isolated cases of
      mental retardation and growth failure, in mitochondrial myopathies and in
      polyneuropathies, and may be expected to occur in Wernicke's encephalopathy.
      Finally, it has been noted in malignancy and in association with other rare
      metabolic disorders.

PMID- 178160
TI  - Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and accessory sex organ responses.

PMID- 178161
TI  - Aspects of the mechanism of action of hypothalamic releasing hormones in the
      anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 178162
TI  - [Bronchial carcinoma with secretion of ACTH and HCG (author's transl)].

PMID- 178163
TI  - [The role of chemotherapy in the palliative and curative treatment of lung cancer
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 178164
TI  - Improved detection of myocardial infarction with technetium-99m stannous
      pyrophosphate and serum MB creatine phosphokinase.
AB  - The relative sensitivity and combined value of myocardial technetium-99m stannous
      pyrophosphate imaging and determinations of serum MB creatine phosphokinase (the
      "myocardial" CPK isoenzyme) in detecting acute myocardial infarction were
      evaluated in 41 patients with suspected infarction and 23 patients recovering
      from cardiac surgery. In the patients with suspected infarction, myocardial
      infarction was confirmed in 25 and was consistently associated with increased
      serum MB CPK. Abnormal radionuclide images were obtained in 23 of 25 patients (92
      percent) with definite myocardial infarction and in 2 of 16 patients without
      confirmed infarction. Although the localization of infarction by imaging
      correlated well with the localization by electrocardiogram, infarct size
      estimated by imaging did not correlate well with estimates based on peak total
      serum CPK activity or serial changes in CPK activity. Serum MB CPK activity
      increased after cardiac surgery in 6 patients undergoing valve replacement and in
      17 patients undergoing coronary arterial bypass surgery. However, no patient with
      valve replacement and only 1 of the 17 with bypass surgery had an abnormal
      radionuclide image. These results suggest that (1) abnormal radionuclide images
      in patients without infarction can be distinguished from abnormal images
      indicative of ischemic necrosis by consideration of MB CPK activity and (2)
      interpretation of elevated MB CPK activity, particularly in particularly in
      patients undergoing cardiac surgery, is facilitated by evaluation with imaging.

PMID- 178165
TI  - A comparative morphometric analysis of the effects of thyroxine and ACTH on the
      zona fasciculata of rat adrenal cortex.
AB  - The effects of thyroxine and ACTH on the ultrastructure of cells of the adrenal
      zona fasciculata were studied by morphometric analysis and compared by two-way
      analysis of variance. The results indicate that the effects of thyroxine and ACTH
      are different and independent. The statistically significant differences in
      effect of thyroxine and ACTH are: thyroxine causes an increase in the volume
      fraction of mitochondria and a decrease in the volume fraction of endoplasmic
      reticulum independent of ACTH; thyroxine causes a decrease in surface density of
      mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the absence of ACTH, but in the
      presence of ACTH this effect is moderated by an interaction of throxine and ACTH.
      There were no statistically significant effects of either thyroxine or ACTH on
      volume fraction or surface density of liposomes.

PMID- 178166
TI  - Metabolic abnormalities contributing to diabetic complications. II. Peripheral
      nerves.

PMID- 178167
TI  - Postprandial plasma triglyceride and cholesterol responses to a low-fat meal.
AB  - Postprandial plasma cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured after
      the consumption of a relatively low-fat (35% of calories) diet in 41 subjects.
      Plasma cholesterol levels did not change appreciably during the postprandial
      state. In 34 subjects a biphasic plasma TG response curve was noted, with an
      initial peak occurring 1 to 3 hr after feeding and a secondary TG peak 4 to 7 hr
      after the meal. The primary peak was greater than 90%, accounted for by
      chylomicrons, whereas the secondary peak represented very low-density
      lipoproteins (greater than 82%). Furthermore, the heights of the primary and
      secondary peaks were closely correlated to the fasting TG level (r = 0.61 and
      0.72, respectively) indicating that the fasting TG concentration is an important
      determinant of the postprandial TG response. Because low-fat (high-carbohydrate)
      diets are known to raise fasting TG levels in patients who do not have fasting
      hyperchylomicronemia, and because relatively few patients have chylomicrons in
      the fasting state, these data suggest that such diets may lead to day long
      increases in plasma TG levels in the majority of subjects.

PMID- 178169
TI  - Additive risk factors in atherosclerosis.
AB  - The tissues of human subjects assayed for a higher level of vitamin D than the
      tissues of 6-month-old swine which had been fed a commercial ration containing 14
      times more vitamin D3 than the National Research Council recommended requirement
      for growing swine. Bioassays of commercial livestock feeds indicate much higher
      vitamin D contents than the National Research Council recommendation. High levels
      of vitamin D activity are demonstrable in tissues from the animals on such
      livestock feeds. The grossly normal areas of the aorta of weanling swine fed
      100,000 IU of vitamin D3/pound of basal ration during the initial 6 weeks had a
      higher frequency of degenerated smooth muscle cells than the grossly normal areas
      of the aorta of swine fed the commercial ration, or 7.43+/-0.45 and 5.60+/
      0.27/100 cells, respectively, at the age of 3 months. Tbe addition of 13 pounds
      of hydrogenated fat and 200 g of cholesterol/100 pounds of the commercial ration
      further increased the frequency of degenerated smooth muscle cells by 0.53 (P
      less than 0.05) or to 7.96 +/- 0.39/100 cells in the grossly normal areas of the
      aorta of weanling swine fed this fat-supplemented ration to 3 months of age.

PMID- 178168
TI  - Anorexia-producing intermediary metabolites.
AB  - Major phases of the physiology of food intake regulation remain hypothetical.
      There is a central regulatory mechanism for hunger and satiety, but the signals
      and messages that activate the brain centers remain conjectural. The alimentary
      tract regulation, the regulation by osmoreceptors, the thermostatic, the
      glucostatic, the lipostatic, the amino acid, and the hormonal food intake
      regulation theories leave many questions unanswered. Low molecular weight
      peptides appear to have an important effect on brain functions. Hypothalamic
      peptides such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone,
      and somatostatin have been assigned new roles in various brain functions. The
      hypothalamus and probably other parts of the brain produce also anorexigenic
      peptides. Anorexia is a common manifestation of cancer. It is proposed that
      peptides, oligonucleotides, and other small metabolites produced by the cancer
      and by the tumor-bearing host are responsible for the genesis of the anorexia.
      They produce the anorexia through a peripheral effect on neuroendocrine cells and
      neuroreceptors and through a direct effect on hypothalamic and other central
      nervous system sensor and responder cells.

PMID- 178170
TI  - Decreased T-lymphocytes in patients with mammary cancer.
AB  - The levels of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) in samples of peripheral blood
      from 47 patients with carcinoma of the breast, 36 patients with benign mammary
      lesions, and 33 matched normal controls were determined. Results were analyzed
      with three statistical tests. It was found that the mean percentages of T
      lymphocytes differed significantly among the three groups of patients (p less
      than 0.001). The mean percentages of rosette-forming lymphocytes were 72.8 for
      the normal group, 60.6 for patients with benign mammary lesions, and 45.1 for the
      patients with carcinoma. The finding of lower levels of T-lymphocytes in the
      peripheral blood of individuals with mammary cancer is of particular significance
      since all the patients in this study were otherwise in apparently good general
      health and undergoing no treatment.

PMID- 178171
TI  - Germ-cell tumors of the mediastinum, postmortem findings.
AB  - Autopsy findings in 20 cases of clinical extragonadal germ-cell tumors arising in
      the anterior mediastinum are presented. The histologic types were: 2
      choriocarcinomas, 3 seminomas, 3 malignant teratomas, 3 embryonal carcinomas, and
      9 mixed germ-cell tumors. All of the patients were men, and the ages ranged from
      14 to 45 years, with a mean of 32.5 years. The mean survival for these patients
      after diagnosis was 10.9 months. Local recurrence was characteristic of non
      seminomatous tumors. In patients with seminoma, local control of the disease was
      good, but distant metastases were the cause of death. The most frequent sites of
      metastases were lungs, bones and liver. In all 20 cases, the testes were
      carefully step-sectioned. Occult tumor was found in only one case of embryonal
      carcinoma and a well-defined testicular scar with calcification in a patient with
      choriocarcinoma. Both patients had lower retroperitoneal metastases. These
      findings support the premise that, in the majority of cases, these tumors had a
      primary extragonadal origin.

PMID- 178172
TI  - The occurrence in a neonate of a pancreatic adenoma with nesidioblastosis in the
      tumor.
AB  - A newborn with persistent hypoglycemia and fixed insulin secretion unresponsive
      to medical management underwent 80% pancreatectomy. A 1-cm. nonencapsulated islet
      cell adenoma near the tail of the pancreas was identified histologically. Islet
      cell granules stained with indirect aldehyde fuchsin. Throughout the tumor, areas
      of nesidioblastosis were identified. The persistence of this embryologic process
      suggests a basic mechanism for the adenoma formation.

PMID- 178178
TI  - Red cell uridine monophosphate kinase: effects of red cell aging on the activity
      of two UMPK gene products.
AB  - We have previously reported that uridine monophosphate kinase (UMPK) is
      genetically polymorphic in man, and that the UMPK2 gene product has less activity
      than that of UMPK1 when measured in normal red cells. In this paper we present
      evidence that the activity of UMPK, like that of many other enzymes, declines
      during red cell aging, and that the lower activity of UMPK 2, as compared with
      UMPK 1, is best explained by its more rapid catabolism.

PMID- 178179
TI  - Variance of plasma free and esterified cholesterol in adult twins.
AB  - Total, free and esterified cholesterol were measured in the plasma, high density
      lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and total cholesterol in the very low
      density lipoproteins of 141 pairs of adult white male twins. Free cholesterol in
      plasma, high density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins had significant
      genetic variance. Esterified cholesterol had greater total variance in dizygotic
      than monozygotic twins, interpreted as evidence for greater environmental
      influences on the two types of twins. After bias due to unequal environmental
      effects on the two types of twins was removed, there was no significant genetic
      variance for any esterified fraction of cholesterol.

PMID- 178180
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoids on carbohydrate metabolism.
AB  - A patient with pre-existing diabetes mellitus who was receiving corticosteroids
      in an effort to prevent transplant rejection was presented. The patient's
      hyperglycemia was exacerbated by the corticosteroids, and the discussion centered
      around this aspect of the case. The clinical effects of glucocorticoids on
      carbohydrate metabolism were reviewed, and four general points were made: (1) the
      chronic effects of corticoids on glucose tolerance are much less pronounced than
      the acute effects; (2) the degree of impariment is proportional to the pre
      existing status of glucose tolerance; (3) development of frank diabetes mellitus
      in a previously normal patient is unusual; and (4) the abnormalities of
      carbohydrate metabolism induced by glucocorticoids fit the pattern of an insulin
      resistant state. The subject was reviewed and relevant in vivo and in vitro
      observations were presented in support of the above concepts, and to help
      identify the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved. It was postulated that
      glucocorticoids affect glucose metabolism by decreasing glucose utilization and
      by increasing hepatic glucose production. The possible mechanisms underlying
      these effects were discussed.

PMID- 178181
TI  - The HCG-beta-subunit radioimmunoassay: potential error in HCG measurement related
      to choice of labeled antigen.
AB  - Antiserum generated against the hormone-specific beta-subunit of hCG uas used
      with different labeled antigens to measure circulating hCG in patients having
      trophoblastic disease. When 125 I-hCGbeta served as the labeled antigen, a small
      number of patient sera failed to show parallelism with the second IS-hCG
      reference and erroneous estimates of hormone concentrations were obtained.
      Replacement of the 125I-hCGbeta with labeled hCG corrected the nonparallelism
      exhibited by these samples. Inhibition curves obtained with purified hCG and
      hCGbeta suggested that both the nonparallelism and its correction with the change
      in labeled antigen would be consistent with the possibility that this assay
      aberration may result from the presence of free hCGbeta in these sera.

PMID- 178182
TI  - Virilizing adrenocortical adenoma studied by selective adrenal venography.
AB  - A 15-year-old girl with primary amenorrhea, hirsutism, and enlargement of the
      clitoris was found to have an increased titer of the urinary neutral 17
      ketosteroids which failed to decrease after the administration of dexamethasone
      and an adrenal tumor was demonstrable on venography. Analysis of the adrenal
      venous effluent revealed gradients on the side of the tumor for testosterone,
      androstenedione, estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Following removal
      of the tumor, the hirsutism improved markedly, the menses returned, and sexual
      maturation progressed.

PMID- 178183
TI  - Failure of systemically administered adenine arabinoside to affect humoral and
      cell-mediated immunity.
AB  - The effect of a high dosage (250 mg/kg of body weight) of adenine arabinoside or
      ara-A (9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine) on humoral immunity was studied in New
      Zealand white rabbits infected with the McKrae strain of herpes simplex virus.
      The rabbits were treated daily for 14 days with subcutaneous injections of ara-A.
      The primary and secondary humoral responses, as measured by neutralizing antibody
      titers, developed similarly in control and treated groups. Similar drug treatment
      was used on guinea pigs before or after sensitization with BCG vaccine.
      Subsequent challenge of the sensitized animals with Old tuberculin solution
      indicated that ara-A treatment had no effect on the induction or previously
      established cell-mediated immunity. The lack of immunosuppressive activity of ara
      A at dosage levels higher than those used in primates makes this drug a
      potentially effective agent in the systemic treatment of herpetic infections.

PMID- 178184
TI  - Ultrastructure and formation of lamellated inclusion bodies in induced lung
      tumors of the European hamster.
AB  - Utlrastructure and formation of lamellated inclusion bodies (LB) in N-dibutyl
      nitrosamine-induced lung tumors in European hamsters are described. Two types of
      LBs are observed: one with cross-barred lamellae and one with concentric
      lamellae. Both types develop from lysosome-like dense bodies which are formed by
      the Golgi apparatus. More mature forms fuse with rough endoplasmic reticulum
      (RER). Mature LBs migrate to the cell surface, where their contents are extruded
      into the alveolar lumen by means of a merocrine secretion. The extruded lamellae
      give rise to the myelin figures and lattices that are reported to possess
      surfactant properties.

PMID- 178187
TI  - Animal model of human disease: pituitary tumors.

PMID- 178185
TI  - The occurrence and frequency of type C virus-like particles in placentas from
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and from normal subjects.
AB  - Type C RNA virus-like particles were found by electron microscopy in term
      placentas from 3 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 1 with
      probable SLE, and 2 normal patients. The virus-like particles were mainly of a
      budding or immature type located at or near the cell membrane of
      syncytiotrophoblasts in chorionic villi. Type C virus-like particles were not
      observed in the term placenta from a patient with chronic discoid LE, nor in
      early gestation specimens from 1 normal patient and 4 patients with SLE. The
      frequency of the Type C particles varied greatly: They were readily found in the
      patient with probable SLE, and only here were groups of budding particles
      observed. Type C particles were less numerous in one normal placenta and rare in
      the other positive placentas, both SLE and normal. Heretofore undescribed
      crystalline inclusions were found in the cytoplasm of chorionic villous
      endothelial cells from 3 patients with SLE and 1 with discoid LE. Tubuloreticular
      structures were observed in the maternal endometrium of 1 patient with SLE.

PMID- 178188
TI  - Primate kidney function in hemorrhagic shock as influenced by dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP.
AB  - Standardized hemorrhagic shock was employed to study alterations in electrolyte
      and water handling in the owl monkey, either normally hydrated or moderately
      dehydrated. Increase in fractional clearance of osmolarity,sodium, and calcium
      occurred with retransfusion after the hypotensive phase. In the hydrated animals,
      free-water clearance became positive, and the urine-to-plasma osmolarity ratio
      [(U/P)osM] decreased below 1.0. In the dehydrated animals, free-water
      reabsorption (TCH2O) decreased but remained negative,while (U/P)osM remained
      above 1.0. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) was infused into the renal arterial
      supply in an attempt to correct a possible deficiency of cyclic AMP production.
      In the hydrated group, free-water clearance (CH2O) became more positive with
      infusion, and (U/P)osM decreased even further, with no effect on fractional
      sodium clearance. Effects were less or absent in the dehydrated group. Possible
      explanations for the observed effects of DBcAMP are considered. It was concluded
      that the loss of concentrating power seen in hemorrhagic shock occurs at a step
      beyond the production of cyclic AMP by adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 178186
TI  - Secretory function of mononuclear phagocytes: a review.

PMID- 178189
TI  - Muscle fiber involvement during training of different intensities and durations.
AB  - The extent of skeletal muscle fiber type involvement during exercise training was
      evaluated by assessing the increase in oxidative markers in the muscles of rats
      trained by various exercise programs. Rats were trained by running 6 days/wk at 1
      mph for 12 wk by one of four protocols: group I-10% grade, 2 h/day; group II-10%
      grade, 4 h/day; group III-30% grade, 40 min/day; and group IV-30% grade, 2 h/day.
      No distinction was found between the different programs for the increase in
      cytochrome c content or citrate synthase (CS) activity of mixed muscle. The more
      intense programs utilizing a 30% grade induced an increase in CS activity in the
      fast-twitch white (FTW) fiber that was twice that found in the 10% grade groups.
      The fast-twitch red (FTR) fibers of the 2 h/day or more groups showed a similar
      increase (90-95%) in CS activity except for the group that ran for only 40
      min/day. These data suggest that: 1) running durations of moderately intense
      exercise longer than 2 h/day do not further increase the oxidative capacity of
      the working muscles; and 2) more intense exercise builds on the performance of
      previously used FTR fibers and additionally involves the low oxidative FTW
      fibers.

PMID- 178190
TI  - Short versus long hospitalization:  a propspective controlled study. IV. One-year
      follow-up results for schizophrenie patients.
AB  - The authors compared treatment results for 141 schizophrenic patients randomly
      assigned to short-term or long-term hospitalization. Test results indicated that
      the long-term group was functioning significantly better one year after admission
      according to global measures only. The authors caution that the differences
      between the two groups, although statistically reliable, were modest and may have
      been confounded by the amount of psychotherapy the patients received after
      hospitalization. Although there appears to be a general advantage to the long
      term approach, further work will be needed to identify patient subgroups for whom
      this more expensive treatment is cost effective.

PMID- 178191
TI  - Limitations of Brief Hospital Treatment.
AB  - A total of 175 newly admitted inpatients who lived with their families were
      randomly assigned to three treatment groups: standard inpatient care and brief
      hospitalization with and without transitional day care. Case reports of 6 of the
      9 patients considered "study failures" illustrate that effective postdischarge
      adaptation is limited by the patients' degree of impairment as well as the family
      and community capacity to accept them. Although rapid return to the community is
      beneficial to many patients, rigid adherence to this policy is neither wise nor
      clinically effective.

PMID- 178192
TI  - The role of the clinician in community cancer control activities.

PMID- 178193
TI  - Radiation therapy for testicular tumors metastasizing to the lungs.
AB  - Records of 63 cases of testicular tumors treated at the Hunter Radiation Therapy
      Center, Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1962 through 1971 were reviewed. One hundred
      percent cure rate was obtained in the 36 Stage I and II pure seminoma (Group I)
      patients. For Stage I, the para-aortic and homolateral iliac lymph nodes were
      irradiated to a dose of 3,000 to 3,500 rads in three to four weeks. Elective
      irradiation of the mediastinum and supraclavicular areas was omitted. For Stage
      II, such extended field irradiation was employed to a dose of 2,000 to 3,000 rads
      in two to three weeks. Six (or 43 percent) of the 14 embryonal carcinoma (Group
      II) patients are alive for a minimum of three to a maximum of eleven years. Both
      teratoma (Group III) patients are alive at five and seven years as well. All
      eight Stage I teratocarconoma (Group IV) patients are alive with no evident
      disease at three to ten years. Our data indicate the difference in prognosis
      between patients who subsequently developed localized lung metastases and those
      who initially presented with pulmonary disease. We conclude that intensive
      combined efforts of both radiation and medical oncologists can salvage a
      considerable number of patients with metachronous onset of pulmonary metastases.

PMID- 178194
TI  - Radiation therapy in the treatment of glioblastoma.
AB  - A retrospective study of 127 cases irradiated for glioblastoma was made to assess
      the role of radiation therapy and to determine the optimal technique of radiation
      therapy. The over-all survival rates of our series were 52 percent at one year,
      19 percent at three years, and twelve percent at five years after radiation
      therapy. Survival time of the patients is influenced by various factors other
      than treatment: age, sex, histologic grading, duration of symptoms, and location
      of tumor. Among these factors, the location of the tumor was the most important
      in our present series. Surgical treatment can extend the survival time. More
      extensive resection results in longer survival, provided that the location of the
      tumor allows such a surgical procedure. Radiation therapy can prolong the
      survival time of those with glioblastoma, but a high tumor dose of more than
      6,000 rads or 1,700 rets is necessary to improve the prognosis significantly.
      Therefore, irradiation should be administered through generous fields according
      to the extent of the tumor under precise planning to determine the accurate
      localization and extent of the tumor.

PMID- 178195
TI  - Growth analysis of pulmonary metastases from salivary gland tumors.
AB  - Three cases of primary salivary gland tumors with lung metastasis are presented
      with extremely long survival (six, ten, and twelve years). The tumor doubling
      time was calculated and the growth rate of the pulmonary metastasis was found to
      be slow and erratic. A simplified table was devised, which permits rapid
      calculation of the tumor doubling time without the use of graphs. The presence of
      lung metastasis from some primary malignant salivary tumor is not necessarily an
      ominous sign: a long survival without symtoms is possible.

PMID- 178196
TI  - Concepts for treatment of micrometastases developed in murine systems.
AB  - Small tumor cell foci, whether left in situ during primary surgical excision or
      escaping lethal radiation damage, as well as distant metastases, are the primary
      reason for treatment failure in man and are the proper targets for the
      chemotherapist and immunotherapist. Since cure probably requires reduction of the
      total body burden of tumor cells to very small numbers (possibly to less than one
      cell), and since first-order kinetics of tumor cell kill by drugs appears to be a
      natural law in cancer chemotherapy, drug treatment should be started as soon as
      possible after likely noncurative primary treatment with surgery or radiation.
      Current knowledge of tumor cell population growth kinetics indicates that the
      growth fraction (viable tumor cells undergoing active cell replication) is
      inversely related to population size. Tumor cells in micrometastases should,
      therefore, be more sensitive to anticancer drugs active against anabolizing cells
      than are tumor cells in the larger, grossly apparent primary tumor from which
      they were derived. This indicates the probability that micrometastases will be
      effectively responsive to more drugs than is the primary and clinically apparent
      tumor from which they came. Studies with at least four metastatic and uniformly
      fatal murine solid tumors (lung, breast, colon, and melanoma) have demonstrated
      significantly improved cure rates with drug treatment following surgical removal
      of the grossly apparent primary tumor than can be obtained with either surgery or
      drug treatment when used alone. Further, both disease staging and drug dosage
      have been shown to influence cure rates of combined-modality treatment. With
      several mouse tumors, a significantly smaller number of viable tumor cells can
      establish lethal tumors in the presence of radiation-inactivated tumor cells than
      in their absence. This suggests that small numbers of residual viable tumor cells
      in radiation-treated tumor sites may be a greater threat to clinical cure than
      smaller tumor cell populations remaining in situ after surgery.

PMID- 178197
TI  - Optimal visualization of esophageal varices.
AB  - Twelve patients with known esophageal varices and willingness to cooperate were
      included in the study. Medications administered were placebo, 2 mg of glucagon,
      and 30 mg of propantheline bromide. All medications were given double-blind and
      crossover. On the basis of this study the authors believe that for optimal
      visualization of esophageal varices the following is the procedure of choice: (1)
      the patient should remain horizontal (this is best done in the left lateral
      position for comfort and ease of expectoration) for ten minutes after swallowing
      high density barium; (2) the patient should "clear his throat" frequently and
      expectorate all saliva (barium sticks to the pharynx and makes the patient want
      to swallow and "clearing his throat" by forced expiration helps the patient to
      expectorate this coating and prevents swallowing); (3) filming should be done in
      expiration in the supine (left posterior oblique to table top) position; and (4)
      in equivocal cases the examination can be repeated with an anticholinergic drug
      if the patient has no contraindications to its use. The patient should empty his
      bladder just before administration of the drug. The intelligent use of these
      factors should result in a saving of both fluoroscopic time and film, and give
      the radiologist a safe optimal diagnostic yield.

PMID- 178199
TI  - Normal pancreas and splenic variants simulating suprarenal and renal tumors.
AB  - Two cases of a normal pancreas simulating a renal or suprarenal mass on excretory
      urography are described. Three cases of unusually shaped spleens and one case of
      an accessory spleen mimicking renal and suprarenal masses on excretory urography
      are also presented. The rare entity of splenosis presenting as a renal "mass" on
      arteriography is also illustrated. The importance of selective arteriography in
      confirming or establishing the true nature of these pseudotumors which were
      initially seen on excretory urography is emphasized.

PMID- 178200
TI  - Fat thickness in the neonatal small left colon syndrome.

PMID- 178201
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma in the pediatric age group.
AB  - Forty-five consecutive cases of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma were studied as to age
      at onset, histological type, primary site, stage of disease when first seen,
      method of treatment, and survival. It appears that rhabdomyosarcoma is a
      relatively radiosensitive tumor which can be controlled locally with radiation
      alone or in combination with surgery to excise the bulk of the tumor mass. On the
      other hand, chemotherapy must necessarily play a major role in treatment since
      most cases are first seen in the late stages of the disease. Close cooperation
      among a wide range of specialists, such as the pediatrician, radiation therapist,
      pediatric oncologist, pathologist, and surgeon is essential to accomplish a
      maximum therapeutic effect in the unfortunate children who develop this
      relatively rare but aggressive tumor.

PMID- 178198
TI  - Involvement of the gastric antrum in Menetrier's disease.
AB  - Thirteen cases of Menetrier's disease from the files of the Armed Forces
      Institute of Pathology that could be documented pathologically and correlated
      with appropriate roentgenograms were analyzed for the distribution of folds.
      Enlarged folds occurred in a localized area or in several areas simultaniously.
      The greater curvature of the body was most often involved (77 percent), but the
      antrum was affected in almost one-half (46 percent) of the cases; thus, the
      concept of relative antral sparing is not valid, and the diagnosis should be
      considered when there is gastric rugal enlargement in any distribution. The
      condition seems to be classified best as a hyperplastic gastropathy rather than a
      hypertrophic gastritis.

PMID- 178202
TI  - Postadrenalectomy pituitary adenoma (Nelson's syndrome) in childhood: clinical
      and roentgenologic detection.
AB  - Following total adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome associated with adrenal
      hyperplasia, but not with adrenal adenoma or malignancy, elements of the
      pituitary may be stimulated to grow rapidly and even aggressively. There is
      strong evidence to support the idea that there is a pre-existing tumor in many,
      if not all, of these cases. In some, the tumor may be too small to deform the
      sella turcica. After adrenalectomy, these patients should be observed carefully
      and frequently for hyperpigmentation, visual field defects, and sella turcica
      enlargement.

PMID- 178204
TI  - Arteriographic manifestations of pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Fourteen patients with 16 pheochromocytomas were studied arteriographically over
      a seven year period. Abnormalities identified the tumor site in 15 instances, but
      only a single subtle change was present in six of these. Renal artery stenosis
      was present in eight instances and was significant initially in at least one
      patient and may become significant in others. A hypertensive response to the
      study occurred in one-half the patients even though most had received adrenergic
      blocking drugs. Phentolamine remains the drug of choice in treatment.

PMID- 178203
TI  - Changing clinical and roentgenographic patterns of necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB  - Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) occasionally deviates from the classical
      presentation of the disease. Small bowel dilatation and pneumatosis are
      frequently present prior to the actual onset of the clinical presentation.
      Pneumatosis intestinalis, an important diagnostic sign of NEC, is quite variable;
      it may be present, persist, worsen, or disappear; or at times it may not be
      present at all. A severe complication of necrotizing enterocolitis is perforation
      which in 50 percent of the cases presented without obvious free intra-abdominal
      air. Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen is stressed as strong evidence for
      perforation and a strong indication for surgery. The varying features indicate
      that NEC has a clinical spectrum that extends from benign to severe, and
      recognition of all these variations will lead to better diagnosis and to a better
      understanding of the disease. The clinical and roentgenologic variations make
      classification difficult but the variety most likely represents the combination
      of a great number of susceptible children and a greater recognition of the
      disease.

PMID- 178205
TI  - Embolic occlusion of the superior and inferior divisions of the middle cerebral
      artery with angiographic-clinical correlation.
AB  - Clinicians, in defining cerebral vascular syndromes, recognize embolism to the
      superior and inferior divisions of the middle cerebral artery in addition to
      embolism of the individual branches. In the present study 14 examples of
      arteriographically visualized divisional occlusion are analyzed, and a good
      correlation is demonstrated between the roentgenologic and clinical findings.

PMID- 178206
TI  - Cerebral blood volume alterations during fractional pneumoencephalography.
AB  - Simultaneous and continuous measurements of the cerebral blood volume (CBV),
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood pressure were carried out in six patients
      during fractional pneumoencephalography in order to examine intracranial
      volumetric interactions. Three patients (Group A) showed normal encephalographic
      findings, and in three patients (Group B) communicating hydrocephalus with
      convexity block was found encephalographically. In all patients the injection of
      air was followed by an immediate increase of CSF pressure and blood pressure and
      a concomitant decrease of CBV. The initial CSF pressure was invariably re
      established within 3 to 3.5 min. During this time interval the CBV of the
      patients of Group B decreased significantly and 30 percent more than that of
      Group A. Furthermore, after restoration of the original CSF pressure, CBV
      returned to its initial level in all patients of Group A, whereas it remained
      unchanged or showed a further decrease in the patients of Group B. Removal of an
      amount of CSF corresponding to half of the amount of injected air was followed by
      a significant reactive hyperemic response in two normal patients. The
      intracranial volumetric alterations during fractional pneumoencephalography are
      discussed in detail with respect to the underlying physiologic mechanisms and are
      suggested as a model for acute and low pressure hydrocephalus.

PMID- 178207
TI  - Frontal ventricular dimensions on normal computed tomography.
AB  - The computerized axial tomographic examinations of 200 normal patients and
      volunteers between the ages of ten to 81 years were evaluated. Determination of
      the ratio between the width of the brain and a dimension representing the
      distance between the outer borders of the lateral ventricles was made at two
      levels. This ratio, the cerebroventricular index, seems to be a reliable
      indicator of ventricular size. The standards vary with the age of the patient.

PMID- 178208
TI  - Bronchography in patients with hemoptysis.
AB  - Retrospective analysis of 196 cases suggests that bronchography has limited value
      in the evaluation of hemoptysis. Most patients with a single episode of
      hemoptysis and normal plain chest roentgenographic and bronchoscopic findings do
      not require bronchographic examination. Advances in cytologic and biopsy
      procedures (fiberoptic bronchoscopy, bronchial brushing, needle aspiration) have
      largely replaced the usefulness of bronchography even when the plain chest
      roentgenogram is abnormal.

PMID- 178209
TI  - Isolated rotatory subluxation of the carpal navicular.
AB  - Rotatory subluxation of the carpal navicular can cause wrist pain and may lead to
      severe and disabling degenerative changes. Correct diagnosis depends on
      recognition of the typical roentgenographic signs. Sixteen patients with neither
      rheumatoid arthritis nor a lunate or a perilunate dislocation had rotatory
      subluxation in nineteen wrists. Many had only vague or remote histories of
      trauma. There were a navicular-lunate gap in all nineteen wrists, and
      foreshortening of the navicular in sixteen wrists, usually with a ring sign. The
      abnormalities were best demonstrated on well-centered posteroanterior
      roentgenograms of the wrist with the hand in slight radial deviation. In two
      patients, wrist arthrography demonstrated abnormal communication between
      radiocarpal and intercarpal joints.

PMID- 178210
TI  - The notched articular process of C7 (dorsalization of C7).
AB  - The frequency of variation from the standard in the articular processes of C7 is
      very high (43.9 percent). These variations are: (1) A notch on the back of the
      superior articular facet. (2) Elongation the the "articular pillary" so that the
      posterior edge of the inferior articular process of C7 lies backward in relation
      to the posterior edges of the other cervical articular process. (3) A combination
      of both. Item 1 should not be mistaken for a fracture and item 2 should not be
      mistaken for a dislocation. These variants represent a partial dorsalization of
      C7.

PMID- 178211
TI  - Spinal neurofibromatosis.
AB  - Neurofibromatosis is a congenital abnormality due to maldevelopment of the
      neurectoderm and mesoderm. Spinal abnormalities are a frequent occurrence and the
      roentgenological changes observed in 21 patients are presented. These include
      scoliosis, posterior scalloping of vertebral bodies, and the roentgenological
      features associated with intraspinal tumors and thoracic meningoceles.

PMID- 178212
TI  - Demonstration and dimensional analysis of the normal pancreas with gray-scale
      echography.
AB  - For consistent identification of the normal pancreas, preliminary longitudinal
      scanning at, or near, the mid-line and subsequent oblique scanning in the long
      axis are necessary prerequisites in delineating the anatomic outline of the
      pancreas. The range of normal measurements for different anatomical regions of
      the pancreas was determined, based on the dimensional examinations of this organ
      in 328 patients free of pancreatic disease. These provide objective guidelines
      for analysis of the pancreas in abdominal echography. Echography provides a
      rapid, non-invasive method of imaging the pancreas. This study demonstrated that
      visualization of the pancreas as a separate structure does not imply that it is
      consequently abnormal.

PMID- 178213
TI  - Intra- and extracerebral arachnoid cyst. An atypical roentgenographic
      presentation.
AB  - Arachnoid cysts present in a variety of ways, and the preoperative diagnosis
      usually requires a high degree of suspicion. Bony changes consistent with a
      chronic focal mass effect, a relative paucity of clinical findings compared to
      the size of the lesion, and an extracerebral mass with an intracerebral component
      suggest the possibility. We present a case in which there appears to be a large,
      deep intracerebral mass associated with an extracerebral expansion.

PMID- 178215
TI  - Postesophageal narrowing associated with Barrett esophagus.
AB  - Two children have been found to have partially obstructing lesions beyond the
      esophagus in association with mid-esophageal stricture. Both were found to have
      columnar epithelium-lined (Barrett) esophagus, and gastro-esophageal reflux. The
      more distal obstruction, in the pylorus and descending duodenum respectively, may
      have contributed to the development of the Barrett esophagus. It is recommended
      that any barium study of the esophagus which reveals an unexplained stricture
      should include visualization through the duodenojejunal junction as an aid to
      diagnosis, management, and understanding.

PMID- 178214
TI  - Radiation-induced renovascular hypertension.
AB  - Radiation is known to produce changes in the small vessels and interstitium of
      the kidneys resulting in hypertension. Two cases of renal artery stenosis and
      resultant hypertension secondary to abdominal irradiation are reported and the
      literature is reviewed.

PMID- 178216
TI  - Multichambered bladder anomalies.
AB  - This report reviews multichambered bladder conditions, offers a workable
      classification of them, presents a detailed case report, and discusses the
      possible causes of these anomalies. We wish to stress the importance of careful
      examination of the genital area in the newborn and early roentgenologic
      evaluation of the genito-urinary system when an anomaly is found.

PMID- 178217
TI  - Localized nodular synovitis of the knee: a report of two cases with abnormal
      arthrograms.
AB  - The arthrographic appearance in two cases of localized PVS of the knee involving
      the region of the infrapatellar fat pad is reported. Lesions in this area may
      present with confusing symptomatology, and the true abnormality may be overlooked
      in a search for meniscal lesion. The arthrographic picture is non-specific and a
      number of entities must be considered.

PMID- 178218
TI  - Guidelines for the modern cardiac catheterization--angiocardiographic laboratory:
      report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources.

PMID- 178219
TI  - Transfemoral lumbar epidural venography.
AB  - Lumbar epidural venography performed in 107 patients with normal or nondiagnostic
      myelograms resulted in correct preoperative diagnosis in 25 of 27 patients (92%)
      with herniated disc disease and three of six patients (50%) with nerve root
      compression without associated disc herniation. Compression or occlusion of an
      epidural and/or radicular vein at the disc level is the most significant
      venographic abnormality. Potentially confusing venographic findings such as flow
      defects, extravertebral veins mimicking epidural veins, and occlusion of
      radicular veins by the catheter must be recognized to prevent false diagnoses.
      Lumbar epidural venography is valuable for the diagnoses of herniated lumbar
      discs not demonstrated by myelography.

PMID- 178220
TI  - Epidural venography: diagnosis of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc and other
      disease of the epidural space.
AB  - Epidural venography is a simple and safe procedure for the diagnosis of herniated
      intervertebral disc and other disease of the epidural space. It is especially
      useful in symptomatic patients with normal or equivocal myelographic findings.
      The accuracy rate of positive venograms is 88.2% in this series of 58 patients.
      Five illustrative cases are presented.

PMID- 178221
TI  - The cardiac pacemaker: a different twist.
AB  - A new complication of transvenous pacing is described. Twists developing in an
      endocardial lead indicate that the pulse generator pocket is too large. Pacemaker
      failure because of electrode dislodgement or lead fracture will ensue.

PMID- 178222
TI  - Iliocaval thrombi in pulmonary thromboembolic disease.
AB  - Rational management of patients with pulmonary thromboembolic disease should
      include assessment of the risk of additional emboli. Other authors have shown
      that the possibility of fatal pulmonary embolism is higher when the iliofemoral
      system contains thrombus, and it is recommended that vena caval interruption
      rather than simple anticoagulation is indicated. Additional factors governing the
      therapeutic choice should include the magnitude of the original embolic occlusion
      as well as the presence of antecedent cardiopulmonary disease. In these instances
      large thrombi in the iliocaval system should be regarded as potentially life
      threatening. A sequence of angiography beginning with right iliac and vena caval
      opacification, proceeding to pulmonary arteriography, and terminating with
      retrograde left iliac vein study provided information needed to individualize the
      therapeutic approach. Several case reports illustrate the spectrum of
      abnormalities and their therapeutic implications.

PMID- 178223
TI  - Venography in penetrating injuries of the extremities.
AB  - Of 30 consecutive cases of penetrating injuries to the extremities studied both
      by arteriography and venography, five were found to have significant venous
      injuries. Three of these cases are presented to show the value of venography in
      detecting inadequate venous collateral circulation, intraluminal thrombus, and
      venous obstruction. It is suggested that preoperative venography will compliment
      arteriography, aid in the diagnosis of venous injuries, demonstrate variable
      venous anatomy, and outline other venous pathology outside of the area of trauma.

PMID- 178224
TI  - Selective arterial embolization for control of hemorrhage in pelvic malignancy:
      femoral and brachial catheter approaches.
AB  - Selective transcatheter embolization with Gelfoam pledgets was used to control
      intractable pelvic hemorrhage in two patients with gynecologic malignancy. There
      were no complications or sequelae associated with the procedure, and no further
      bleeding occurred. This method requires only Seldinger catheterization techniques
      under local anesthesia and should be considered in patients whose medical
      condition precludes major surgery or in whom operative ligation cannot be
      performed.

PMID- 178225
TI  - Peripheral embolization complicating bilateral renal infarction with gelfoam.
AB  - Selective arterial embolization is a technique with wide therapeutic
      applicability. However, regardless of the nature of the embolic particles, reflux
      into the aorta with peripheral embolization is a serious potential complication.
      A case is described in which this complication occurred. We recommend that all
      such embolizations be performed with a balloon catheter occluding the target
      artery.

PMID- 178226
TI  - Crossed renal ectopia: angiographic findings in six cases.
AB  - Angiographic findings in six patients with crossed renal ectopia are reported.
      Crossed fused ectopia was present in four cases, and the remaining two had single
      crossed ectopic kidneys. All kidneys, including the nonectopic ones, had an
      anomalous blood supply. No constant arterial pattern was discernible, and renal
      arteries were found to arise from the aorta both above and below the normal level
      as well as from the iliac arteries. It is suggested that angiography be
      undertaken in all cases when surgery is contemplated.

PMID- 178227
TI  - Angiographically induced renal failure and its radiographic detection.
AB  - Decreased renal function following arteriography is much more common than is
      currently realized. Steps to detect this failure are necessary, especially in
      high risk patients, so that stressful situations such as surgery can be avoided.
      A recently performed prospective random study of 100 patients undergoing
      angiography demonstrated a 10% incidence of renal failure. Those patients most at
      risk had preexisting renal disease as indicated by an elevated serum creatinine
      and/or cardiovascular disease severe enough to require digoxin, diuretics, or
      nitroglycerin. No cases of renal failure occurred in the absence of one or both
      of these processes. The likelihood of postangiographic renal failure was
      unrelated to the quantity of contrast as measured either by total volume or per
      kilogram body weight.

PMID- 178228
TI  - Arthrographic evaluation of injuries of the first metacarpophalangeal joint:
      gamekeeper's thumb.
AB  - The radiographic evaluation of gamekeeper's thumb is described in an experimental
      study in nine cadaveric hands. After the application of radial stress at the
      metacarpophalangeal joint in the extended and abducted thumbs in an attempt to
      create defects in the ulnar collateral ligament, initial and stress radiography
      and arthrography were employed. In four cadavers a fracture of the proximal
      phalanx was noted; stress radiography revealed variability in joint stability.
      Arthrography outlined ulnar extravasation in six of the nine cadavers; surgical
      confirmation of a capsular tear was obtained following careful dissection in each
      of these six cadavers. It would appear that plain films, stress radiography, and
      arthrography complement each other in the diagnosis of gamekeeper's thumb.

PMID- 178229
TI  - Isolated fracture of the medial portion of the lateral mass of the atlas: a
      previously undescribed entity.
AB  - Four cases of fracture of the medial aspect of the lateral mass of the atlas are
      presented. Unlike most cases of atlantal fracture, definite history of a blow to
      the vertex could not be established. While the exact mechanism of injury is
      unknown, it is postulated that the bone fragment is produced by a combination of
      stretching the ligamentum transversarium and pressure on the lateral mass due to
      contraction of the neck muscles. All four patients were neurologically intact and
      complained of pain in the distribution of the greater  occipital nerve. It is
      suggested that this fracture might be identified more often in patients with
      similar histories and complaints by use of laminagraphy, since part or all of the
      atlas is frequently obscured on routine open mouth roentgenograms of the upper
      cervical spine.

PMID- 178230
TI  - Concomitant dislocation and intraarticular foreign body: a rare complication of
      the Charnley total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - In the Charnley total hip arthroplasty, periarticular foreign bodies represent
      potential foci for intraarticular migration at the time of hip dislocation. This
      complication, although very rare, should be verified radiographically to prevent
      unsucessful attempts at closed reduction. Although intraarticular radiopaque
      foreign bodies should be identified on plain radiographs of the hip,
      intraarticular radiolucent foreign bodies require positive-contrast arthrography
      for identification. Two illustrative cases are presented.

PMID- 178231
TI  - Embryogenesis of the human occipital bone.
AB  - From an original study of fetal specimens, the embryogenesis of the human
      occipital bone is described. The occipital bone in man is derived from cartilage,
      except for the interparietal segment which has a membranous origin. Normally
      there is no midline cerebellar fissure or synchondrosis.

PMID- 178232
TI  - 99MTc-diphosphonate uptake in neuroblastoma.
AB  - Marked uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate was noted in an extraadrenal neuroblastoma.
      Calcification was not demonstrable on radiographic or light microscopic
      examination, nor was crystalline material identified on electron microscopic
      examination; capillaries in the lesion appeared to be intact. Similar uptake of
      phosphate radiopharmaceuticals by a variety of lesions has been reported, and
      possible mechanisms for this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 178233
TI  - Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in advanced lesions of the head and neck.
AB  - Growth of malignant tumors of the head and neck has been associated with
      progressive impairment of immunologic activity. Successful control of disease has
      been shown to reverse this defect. Preliminary results of a nonrandomized trial
      reduced recurrence of head and neck cancer for a median time of 11.5 months in
      eight of 10 patients who received chemoimmunotherapy adjuvant to surgical
      resection or radiation treatment. The number of patients in the series was small
      and the followup time too short to determine the length of effectiveness for this
      treatment. Based on these results, a new protocol has been initiated to randomize
      patients with advanced T3 and T4 lesions into groups for comparison of adjuvant
      chemotherapy alone with adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.

PMID- 178235
TI  - Editorial: CT and the planners.

PMID- 178234
TI  - Immunotherapy of malignancies: current status.
AB  - The results of various in vitro analyses indicate there is an active immune
      response against antigens associated with human malignancies. This immune
      response apparently can be augmented by nonspecific immunologic stimulates such
      as BCG. These agents are effective for destroying tumor when injected locally
      into intracutaneous disease but are not as effective for subcutaneous disease.
      Preliminary clinical trials indicated that immune stimulants are effective when
      administered systemically. The effect is only minimal for diseminated disease,
      but the therapeutic benefit is clearly augmented for patients with a minimal
      residual tumor burden, such as those patients with metastases to regional lymph
      nodes. Thus immunotherapy is a systemically active mode of therapy. Its toxicity
      is minimal, and it appears to be effective in a wide spectrum of the disease.
      However, immunotherapy is not effective for a large residual tumor burden;
      consequently it must be used in combination with other modes of treatment such as
      irradiation therapy or chemotherapy. Early experiences with BCG immunotherapy for
      malignant melanoma and C. parvum for oat cell carcinoma are encouraging. It is
      remarkable that a nonspecific immunologic stimulant does, in fact, have this
      effect. Immunotherapy experiments in animals suggest that in order to achieve
      maximal benefit. BCG must have close contact with tumor cells or must be combined
      with a tumor-associated antigen. If these principles are true for man, it would
      seem that improvements for nonspecific immunotherapy in human neoplasms would be
      further augmented if a tumor-related antigen could be extracted from human
      tumours and combined with a nonspecific immunologic stimulant.

PMID- 178236
TI  - Islet cell tumors and the alimentary tract: Fourth Walter B. Cannon Lecture.

PMID- 178237
TI  - Angiography in Crohn's disease revisited.
AB  - The diagnostic value of angiography was studied in 116 patients with Crohn's
      disease. Angiograms showed abnormalities in over 90% of the cases. Many
      angiographic features were nonspecific; only the "zoning sign" and the presence
      of paraintestinal mesenteric neovasculature were considered diagnostic. Crohn's
      colitis could be distinguished from ulcerative colitis in only 30% of the cases.
      Angiography, as a diagnostic adjunct to barium studies, will reveal the presence
      of lesions and their extent. This is particularly important in suspected
      postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Angiography is a potential
      differential diagnostic aid in doubtful cases of inflammatory and malignant bowel
      disease.

PMID- 178238
TI  - Hepatic angiography in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
AB  - Liver angiography was performed in 13 patients with Crohn's disease and three
      with ulcerative colitis. Of these patients, 13 underwent liver biopsy, and
      findings were correlated with results of angiography and biochemical tests.
      Twelve liver biopsies were abnormal, primarily showing fatty infiltration and
      reactive hepatitis. Thirteen angiographies were abnormal, with widened and
      tortuous liver arteries being the most common finding. Liver function tests were
      within normal limits for all but three of the 16 patients, thus correlating
      poorly with findings of the other tests. These data show that angiography is
      useful in detecting hepatic abnormality, but evaluation with liver biopsy is
      necessary to determine the nature of the lesion.

PMID- 178239
TI  - Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: a new cause of
      intestinal obstruction in the newborn. Report of radiologic findings in five
      newborn girls.
AB  - Five newborn girls presented with small intestinal obstruction and microcolon and
      a giant bladder (megacystis). Organic causes of obstruction were not found, and
      the gastrointestinal tract failed to function after appropriate diversion. Two
      died in the postoperative period, two lived several months on central venous
      hyperalimentation, and one died at 34 months of age following chronic though
      intermittent hyperalimentation. Pathologic studies showed an abundance of
      ganglion cells in both dilated and narrowed areas of intestine; the combined
      small bowel-colon  length was one-third of normal in the absence of an evident
      obstructive or vascular insult. The five patients represent the most severe
      manifestation of defective intestinal peristalsis in a larger group of distended
      newborns in whom organic gastrointestinal obstruction is not found. Treatment
      with central venous hyperalimentation may sustain life, and some patients
      eventually recover gastrointestinal function. The hypoperistalsis is largely
      refractory to pharmacologic treatment; its cause is unknown.

PMID- 178241
TI  - Vascular impressions of the gut secondary to chronic vascular occlusive disease.
AB  - Clinical diagnosis of chronic vascular occlusive disease is difficult since
      symptoms are often vague. The presence of discrete extrinsic contoural defects
      along the medial aspect of the descending duodenum or proximal small bowel is a
      useful diagnostic feature in such patients. Five of eight patients with chronic
      vascular occlusion who had examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract
      demonstrated this finding. If presented with this radiographic observation on
      barium study, visceral arteriography should then be considered.

PMID- 178240
TI  - Multiple "bull's-eye" lesions in gastric lymphoma.
AB  - Three adolescent patients with multiple gastric target lesions and gastric
      lymphoma are reported. Each had either histiocytic or poorly differentiated
      lymphoma. The literature was reviewed to ascertain whether multiple gastric
      lymphomatous target lesions were confined to adolescent patients or to patients
      with a particular histologic subtype. Review of 119 cases in the literature did
      not support either hypothesis.

PMID- 178242
TI  - A new concept of ascitic fluid distribution.
AB  - Of 26 patients with ascites examined by B-mode ultrasonography, 14 had scans
      appropriate for evaluating the presence of fluid within the abdominal cavity.
      These studies demonstrate localization of fluid  anteriorly around the tip of the
      liver and emphasize the importance of such factors as density relationships and
      the "pliability" of the anterior abdominal wall in the distribution of ascitic
      fluid. A reveiw of the literature is presented.

PMID- 178243
TI  - Glucagon and barium enema examinations: a controlled clinical trial.
AB  - In a double-blind crossover clinical trial, 10 healthy volunteers received
      placebo and 2 mg glucagon intramuscularly preceding barium enema examination on
      separate days. In addition, 50 patients were given either placebo or 2 mg
      glucagon prior to barium enema examination in a double-blind study. The results
      of 38 variables determined on each study population were similar. When glucagon
      was given, both the patients and examiners noted significantly less discomfort
      and more bowel relaxation. There were no significant changes in pulse, blood
      pressure, or electrocardiogram. Adverse reactions did not occur frequently enough
      to allow confident comparison of placebo and glucagon. It is concluded that the
      use of glucagon can provide a more comfortable barium examination with acceptable
      safety.

PMID- 178244
TI  - Spontaneous internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts.
AB  - Six cases are reported in which spontaneous internal drainage between a
      pancreatic pseudocyst and the alimentary tract became established. In each
      instance the communication was demonstrated radiologically. The clinical
      circumstances and radiographic features of these cases are described, and the
      existing literature pertaining to this phenomenon is reviewed.

PMID- 178245
TI  - Lumbar epidural venography in the diagnosis of disc herniations.
AB  - Epidural venography is a relatively simple and highly accurate method of
      diagnosing disc herniations in the lumbar region. Good opacification of the
      epidural venous plexus can be obtained by selective catheterization of ascending
      lumbar and/or internal iliac veins. Experience with 227 cases is described. The
      examination appears to be at least as accurate as myelography at the L4-L5 level
      and more reliable than myelography in cases of lateral disc herniations at L5-SI.
      Epidural venography is recommended as the examination of choice in patients with
      suspected lumbar disc herniation.

PMID- 178246
TI  - Experimental induction of hypoparathyroidism with parathyroid hormone antibodies.
AB  - This study describes the effect of a single injection of parathyroid hormone
      antiserum on the serum calcium, serum phosphate, urinary cyclic AMP, and urinary
      phosphate levels in the intact perfused rat. A significant decline in serum
      calcium level with concomitant elevation in serum phosphate level and decreased
      urinary excretion of phosphate and cyclic AMP was noted. These findings strongly
      suggest that a transient hypoparathyroid state was induced by the parathyroid
      hormone antiserum.

PMID- 178247
TI  - [Inhibition by diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) of acute hepatotoxic effects
      induced by polyhalogenated hydrocarbons (PHHC)].
AB  - Hemoglobin-free perfused rat livers were treated with carbon tetrachloride,
      chloroform, trichloroethylene and halothane by equilibrium of the perfusion
      medium with the varorous PHHCs. The resulting swelling of liver tissue, the
      potassium loss and the decrease of the perfusion rates were reduced by DEDTC to a
      different degree: The decrease of swelling, potassium loss and of the
      microcirculatory alteration by DEDTC was dose dependent in the case of carbon
      tetrachloride and halothane, whereas the effects of chloroform and
      trichloroethylene were not markedly influenced. Glutathione was mostly
      ineffective when given in similar doses. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital
      for 3 days increased itself swelling, K+-loss and reduction of perfusion rates,
      when the livers were perfused in absence of PHHCs. The effects of PHHCs in livers
      from pretreated rats were seldom greater but often lower than additive ones.
      Chiefly the effects of halothane were not markedly influenced by treatment of
      rats with phenobarbital. Isolated parenchymal liver cells were exposed to gas
      mixtures of O2, CO2 and PHHCs under controled conditions. Changes of the shape
      and staining of the cells were used for additional information. In view of these
      latter effects chloroform appeared as the most toxic and halothane as a nontoxic
      agent. DEDTC inhibits all effects of PHHCs demonstrated in isolated hepatocytes.

PMID- 178249
TI  - Spectroelectrochemical cell for anaerobic transfer of biological samples for low
      temperature electron paramagnetic resonance studies.

PMID- 178248
TI  - Production of large quantities of 32P-labeled RNA tumor virus nucleic acid.

PMID- 178250
TI  - Studies of the hemopoietic microenvironment. VIII. Andrenergic and cholinergic
      innervation of the murine spleen.
AB  - Neurohistochemical techniques were used to confirm morphologically the
      distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves to the splenic
      microvasculature. The results form the basis of this report. Using these methods,
      adrenergic innervation was observed only in the adventitia of arteries and
      arterioles. No cholinergic innervation was found in this site. No adrenergic or
      cholinergic innervation could be demonstrated to the channels of the red pulp,
      venules or veins. These data provided morphological evidence that in the murine
      spleen only splenic arteries and arterioles are innervated; and these have only
      an adrenergic innervation.

PMID- 178252
TI  - Pathogenesis of duck plague in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen.
AB  - White Pekin ducks were inoculated orally with duck plague virus and killed at 24
      hour intervals after inoculation. Spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius were
      collected and examined by light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. Necrosis
      of lymphocytes occurred in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, splenic periarteriolar
      lymphoid sheath (T lymphocytes), and splenic germinal centers (B lymphocytes).
      Viral nucleocapsids were present in the karyoplasm of lymphocytes, but these
      cells necrotized before virions were formed. Periarteriolar reticular sheath
      cells and sinusoidal lining cells in the spleen, epithelial cells in Hassall's
      corpuscle of the thymus, epithelial cells between the cortex and medulla of the
      follicles in the bursa of Fabricius, and macrophages in all 3 tissues contained
      nucleocapsids in the nuclei and virions in cytoplasmic vacuoles before necrosis
      occurred.

PMID- 178251
TI  - Steroid concentrations in cows with corticotropin-induced cystic ovarian
      follicles and the effect of prostaglandin F2alpha and indomethacin given by
      intrauterine injection.
AB  - In 7 instances, cystic ovarian follicles resulted when adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)
      was administered daily during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle in cows.
      Two cows given daily injections of hydrocortisone (cortisol) during the
      follicular phase of the estrous cycle did not develop cystic ovaries. Plasma
      concentrations of estradiol in cows with induced cystic ovarian follicles were
      similar to the peak values observed at estrus and were between 6 and 12 pg/ml.
      Progesterone concentrations in plasma of cows with cystic ovaries were low,
      between 1 and 2 ng/ml. Ovulation occurred when 2 cows were given human chorionic
      gonadotropin (HCG) during the period of ovarian cyst development with ACTH
      administration. Several days of administration of ACTH was required to cause cyst
      development. Ovulation occurred at the expected time in 1 cow when injections
      began on day 19, that is, late in the follicular period. In another cow, when
      treatment was stopped on day 3, after the expected time of estrus a delayed
      ovulation occurred. In 2 cows with induced cystic ovarian follicles, cyst atresia
      occurred spontaneously about day 13 to 17 of the cycle. In these cows, new
      follicular growth and ovulation followed (although delayed in 1 cow). The time of
      atresia of cystic follicles was not influenced by the intrauterine injection of
      10 ml of sterile saline solution on days 8, 9, and 10 in 1 cow. When 5 mg of
      prostaglandin F2alpha in 10 ml of sterile saline solution was given (uterine
      injection) in 2 cows on days 8, 9, and 10, cyst atresia occurred earlier than the
      time of spontaneous atresia. Intrauterine administration of 100 mg of
      indomethacin in 10 ml of sterile saline solution daily for 13 or 14 days to 2
      cows, starting on day 12 or 13 of the cycle, resulted in persistence of the
      induced cystic ovarian follicles. After cessation of indomethacin treatment,
      atresia of cysts followed and new follicular growth and ovulation occurred.

PMID- 178253
TI  - Precipitin response of cattle to commercial wart vaccine.
AB  - Fifty young bulls were given commercial wart vaccine upon their arrival at a bull
      stud establishment. The bulls were given 2 additional vaccinations 2 and 24 weeks
      later. The precipitin antibody response of these bulls to bovine papilloma virus
      was monitored. Antibody levels increased significantly, particularly after the
      3rd vaccination was given at 24 weeks, but decreased markedly within 20 weeks
      after the last vaccination was given. These results demonstrated that formalin
      inactivated bovine papilloma virus was capable of inducing precipitin antibody
      similar to infective bovine papilloma virus. Multiple, repeated vaccination
      provided the best serologic response.

PMID- 178254
TI  - Speculations on neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE).
AB  - Evidence suggests the following pathogenesis for neurogenic pulmonary edema. The
      initial phase results from a centrally mediated, massive, sympathetic discharge.
      This produces intense, generalized, but transient, vasoconstriction with a
      resultant shift of blood from the high-resistance systemic circulation to the
      lowresistance pulmonary circulation. Marked increases in pulmonary vascular
      pressures and marked increases in pulmonary blood volume then produce pulmonary
      edema because of the hydrostatic effect of increased pulmonary capillary
      pressure. In addition, pulmonary hypertension and hypervolemia injure pulmonary
      blood vessels, altering pulmonary capillary permeability and producing lung
      hemorrhage. After the transient systemic and pulmonary vascular hypertension
      subside, the patient is left with abnormal pulmonary capillary permeability, so
      that pulmonary edema persists in the face of normal hemodynamics and normal
      cardia function.

PMID- 178255
TI  - Immune status in lung cancer: effects of BCG immunotherapy.
AB  - Immunotherapy with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was administered according to a
      standard regimen to 23 patients with primary lung cancer who had completed
      conventional treatment, including surgery and/or radiation therapy. Five
      additional patients did not receive BCG. Skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte
      studies were performed serially at intervals for 12 months or until death. The
      aggregate of skin responses to nonmycobacterial antigens and lymphocyte responses
      to phytohemagglutinin and recall antigens increased only in the group of 7
      patients with no clinically evident disease 12 months after the start of BCG
      administration. The group of 5 patients who did not receive BCG, but who remained
      clinically disease free, did not experience immunoenhancement, nor did BCG
      treated patients with residual or recurrent malignancy. Patients who had received
      radiation therapy before BCG also did not experience immunoenhancement, but these
      patients also had recurrent or persistent disease. Enhancement of certain aspects
      of the immune response to within 1 SD of the response of a group of subjects with
      nonmalignant pulmonary disease was prognostic of a favorable clinical outcome at
      12 months.

PMID- 178257
TI  - Silicosis.

PMID- 178256
TI  - Respiratory disease in coal miners.

PMID- 178258
TI  - Fatal case of influenza pneumonia with suprainfection by multiple bacteria and
      Herpes simplex virus.
AB  - A case of influenza pneumonia is described in which death occurred from
      persistence of the influenza infection and suprainfection with two bacteria,
      Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and another virus, Herpes simplex. Of
      additional interest were the observations that this overwhelming illness
      developed in a previously healthy person, that typical influenza virus particles
      were present in antemortem lung tissue, and that the patient died despite 6 days
      of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and corticosteroids.

PMID- 178259
TI  - Paget's disease of the male breast: a collective review and case report.
AB  - A brief review of the world literature is presented, of which 19 cases are
      accepted as genuine Paget's disease of the male breast, and one new case is
      reported. Emphasis is put on early diagnosis by biopsy, and definite treatment by
      radical mastectomy.

PMID- 178260
TI  - Gastric and extragastric leiomyoblastoma: report of six new cases with a review
      of the literature.
AB  - Six case reports of leiomyoblastoma are presented, five involving stomach, and
      one involving jejunum. The malignant potential of these tumors is questionable.
      The literature is summarized and the symptomatology, age and sex predominance
      commented upon. A brief pathological description is noted. The survival
      statistics, although unmeaningful at this time, are presented.

PMID- 178262
TI  - Granular cell myoblastoma of the lid: case report.
AB  - Granular cell myoblastoma, a tumor found commonly in the tongue and subcutaneous
      tissue, has rarely been reported in the orbital region. The second case of
      primary granular cell myoblastoma in the eyelid is reported.

PMID- 178261
TI  - [Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung in infancy (histiocytoma) (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A four year old boy with a clinical picture of acute pneumonia is presented.
      Antibiotic therapeutic improved the clinical and analytic symptomatology but a
      round, radiologic shadow persisted after three months of evolution. Thoracotomy
      was performed and by histopathologic examination histiocytoma of lung diagnosed.
      Literature is reviewed and the clinical, radiologic, pathologic and
      etiopathogenetic features are commented. These lesions should be considered as
      benign to avoid extensive resection.

PMID- 178264
TI  - [Mixed tumor of the epiglottis].

PMID- 178263
TI  - Abnormal guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate during photoreceptor degeneration in the
      inherited retinal disorder of C3H/HeJ mice.
AB  - Elevated levels of guanosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) are associated with
      photoreceptor degeneration in the retina of C3H/HeJ mice. This abonormality has
      been shown to result from a deficiency in the activity of a receptor-specific
      cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. The apparent susceptibility of photoreceptor cells
      to an abnormality in cyclic GMP metabolism suggests that cyclic GMP may play a
      role in photoreceptor function which is essential to the viability of these
      specialized cells.

PMID- 178266
TI  - Isolation of viruses and mycoplasmas from middle ear effusions: a review.
AB  - Reports of studies of middle ear effusions (MEE) obtained by needle aspiration
      are reviewed in this paper; viruses were isolated from 29 of 663 patients (4.4%)
      and respiratory syncytial virus was isolated most frequently (22 patients); only
      one mycoplasma, M. pneumoniae, was recovered from the MEE of 771 patients.
      Viruses were also sought from the throat or nasopharynx of 249 patients with MEE;
      59 patients (23.7%) had a respiratory virus present. M. pneumoniae was isolated
      from the throat or nasopharynx in three of 116 patients. Although these results
      indicate that viruses and mycoplasmas are uncommonly found in effusions
      associated with acute or chronic otitis media, few studies have been attempted in
      recent years. The discovery of additional respiratory viruses and development of
      new techniques for isolation and identification of viruses indicate that the
      present results may be incomplete.

PMID- 178265
TI  - Fluorocitrate ototoxicity. A morphologic and cytochemical model for primary
      neural degeneration in the guinea pig cochlea.
AB  - Fluorocitrate, an inhibitor of the tricarboxylic acid cycle at the aconitase
      reaction, produces a time and dose related neural dystrophy in the guinea pig
      cochlea. There is direct inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase activity but not
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase via
      cytochrome c activities. The dystrophic neural changes morphologically are
      similar to those noted in primary neural degeneration and neural presbycusis in
      man. Neural degeneration in aging appears to be the result of a  dissociation of
      biochemical reactions preventing the proper utilization of organic fuel molecules
      for generation of energy and direct or indirect inhibition of respiration.

PMID- 178267
TI  - Head and neck tumours in Rhodesia.
AB  - A retrospective 5-year study of head and neck tumours treated at a general
      hospital in Rhodesia and an attempted follow-up of the patients were undertaken
      in connection with the setting up of a joint head and neck clinic. The relevant
      data are outlined in this report.

PMID- 178268
TI  - [A series of 11 islet-cell tumours of the pancreas with insulin secretion
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 178269
TI  - [C14-variamycin content in normal and tumorous brain tissues of white rats].
AB  - Penetration of variamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic into the normal and tumor
      tissues of the brain of rats with multiform glioblastoma was investigated. The
      content of the C14-labeled antibiotic was determined radiometrically. The
      radioactive label penetrated into the normal and tumor tissues of the brain
      during the first hours after the drug administration. The level of the
      radioactivity in the tumor tissue was higher than that in the normal brain tissue
      during the whole period of the study. The greatest deviation in the contents of
      the radioactive label in the tumor and normal tissues was observed 2 and 3 hours
      after administration of the labeled antibiotic, i. e. 4.3 and 3.6 times
      respectively.

PMID- 178270
TI  - [Screening of antitumor antibiotics, formed by molds].
AB  - A system for screening fungal metabolites with cytotoxic activity against tumor
      cells is described and the results obtained using this system are discussed. It
      was found that 35.2 per cent of the strains isolated from uranium mines had a
      cytotoxic effect on the EAC cells in vitro. As for the strains isolated from
      other sources only 6.85 and 9.87 per cent of them inhibited the EAC cells in
      vitro. Five substances, i. e. vermiculline, PSX-I, Frequentine, bikaverin and
      duclauxin isolated from 227 evaluated cultures showed a strong inhibitory effect
      on the EAC cells and other tumors in vitro.

PMID- 178271
TI  - [Rifamycin group antibiotics].

PMID- 178272
TI  - [Sensitivity of pathogenic clostridia to antibiotics].
AB  - By the sensitivity levels of the gas infection causative agents, i. e. pathogenic
      Clostridia to antibiotics, the latter were conditionally divided into 4 groups.
      The 1st group included the most active antibiotics, such as tetracyclines,,
      penicillins, cephalosporins, rifampicin, 7-chlor-7-desoxylincomycin. Their
      minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations did not usually exceed 2
      gamma/ml. For most of the strains the inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations
      amounted to the tenth and hundredth fractions of gamma/ml. The antibiotics of the
      2nd group, i. e. erythromycin, lincomycin,ristomycin and levomycetin inhibited
      multiplication and viability of pathogenic Clostridia in concentrations of 20
      gamma/ml. Erythromycin was most active among them The 3rd group consisted of
      oleandomycin, novobiocin, geliomycin and azalomycin, the minimum inhibitory
      concentrations of them being 20 to 50 gamma/ml. The antibiotics of the 4th group,
      i. e. neomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, polymyxin and others affected
      pathogenic Clostridia at very high concentrations, amounting to the hundrenth and
      thousandth of gamma/ml.

PMID- 178273
TI  - Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-polymyxin therapy of serious multiply drug
      resistant Serratia infections.
AB  - Nonpigmented multiply drug-resistant Serratia marcescens caused an extensive
      outbreak of infection at the Nashville Veterans Administration Hospital. Isolates
      were of one serotype resistant to all currently available antimicrobial agents
      for therapy of systemic infections except for occasional susceptibility to
      chloramphenicol and kanamycin. Frequently strains were susceptible to nalidixic
      acid, and all were susceptible to amikacin (BB-K8). Drug-resistant strains caused
      130 infections, 12 bacteremias, and 7 infection-associated deaths. Combinations
      of antimicrobial agents were evaluated for synergism against Serratia strains
      from infected patients. "Checkerboard" isobolograms indicated in vitro static
      synergism between sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and polymyxin (STP). Killing
      curves using clinically achievable concentrations of STP verified the
      bactericidal effect of STP against these strains. In a daily dosage of 1,600 mg
      of sulfamethoxazole and 320 mg of trimethoprim orally in combination with 100 to
      300 mg of colistimethate parenterally, serum cidal levels at 1:8 or greater were
      achieved in five of six patients. Clinical improvement or microbiological cure
      was effected in four of six patients. STP may be potentially useful for selected
      Serratia infections for which single agents are unavailable or ineffective.

PMID- 178274
TI  - Metronidazole bioassay.
AB  - Urine from patients receiving metronidazole [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5
      nitromidazole] orally or per vagina were subjected to paper chromatographic
      fractionation and examined for anticlostridial activity. Unmodified metronidazole
      and several metabolites were detected. These findings indicate that the
      clostridial bioassay may be limited in its applicability to the study of the
      pharmacodynamics of metronidazole as it does not differentiate between the parent
      substance and some of its metabolites. Moreover, some of the latter, although
      they possess antibacterial activity, may not have antiprotozoan activity.

PMID- 178275
TI  - In vivo synergy between 6 beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivatives and other
      antibiotics.
AB  - Both an oral and a parenteral form of a 6beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivative
      were found to have appreciable activity against gram-negative bacteria and poor
      activity against gram-positive bacteria in vivo. When administered orally or
      parenterally, definite synergy was demonstrated between the amidinopenicillins
      and ampicillin, amoxicillin, benzylpenicillin, cefazolin, or carbenicillin in
      infections with a number of gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella,
      Enterobacter, Escherichia, Proteus, Salmonella, and Haemophilus species in mice.
      Synergy was also observed between the parenteral amidinopenicillin and
      benzylpenicillin in the Staphylococcus aureus infection but not in infections
      with other gram-positive organisms. No synergy was demonstrated between the
      parenteral amidinopenicillin and erythromycin or oxytetracycline in infections
      with gram-positive or gram-negative organisms. Synergy between the parenteral
      amidinopenicillin and gentamicin was observed only in the case of Escherichia
      coli.

PMID- 178276
TI  - Effect of delayed evisceration on the microbial quality of meat.
AB  - The postomortem invasion of muscle and other tissues by bacteria from the
      intestinal tract was studied with the use of radioactive tracers. The injection
      of 14C-labeled bacteria or spores into the intestines of guinea pig carcasses
      within 24 h of death resulted in the rapid spread of 14C throughout carcasses.
      When live bacteria were injected along with the labeled cells, it was not
      possible to isolate viable organisms from the body tissues if the living animal
      had been exposed to the bacteria. It appears that animals are immune to their
      normal intestinal flora and that this immunity persists after death; thus passage
      of these bacteria into the lymphatic system does not necessarily result in the
      presence of live bacteria in carcass tissues. It therefore seems that a delay of
      up to 24 h before evisceration would not lead to deep tissue contamination of the
      carcass by organisms usually present in the intestines. Further evidence for this
      hypothesis was obtained by showing that muscle and lymph nodes from uneviscerated
      lamb carcasses hung for 24 h at 20 C remained sterile.

PMID- 178278
TI  - Hematuria and rectal bleeding in the child with Klippel and Trenaunay syndrome.
AB  - We have operated upon 588 patients with Klippel and Trenaunay syndrome. The
      underlying factor is a congenital malformation of the deep veins: agenesis,
      atresia or compression by fibrovascular bands of the popliteal, femoral or iliac
      veins. Of these 588 patients, 6 children between 15 months and 4 years of age had
      severe rectal bleeding and hematuria. One of these children died from massive
      bleeding of the rectum with septicemia. Another boy was saved by rectal resection
      and the last one by subtotal cystectomy. The important venogram shows an absence
      of the anterior venous pathway (superficial femoral vein) compensated by the
      abnormal development of 2 venous groups, the vein of the sciatic nerve and large
      veins along the external aspect of the inferior limb. These 2 venous groups
      penetrate into the pelvis by the sciatic and gluteal notches and terminate in the
      internal iliac vein which becomes enormous and has a very high flow. This
      overflow hinders drainage of the venous collateral from the rectum, the bladder
      and the vagina. The retro adductor vein, prolongated by the deep femoral vein,
      represents an anastomosis between the sciatic nerve vein and the common femoral
      vein. The surgeon must try to widen this pathway.

PMID- 178279
TI  - The rhabdoviruses of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba invadens.
AB  - Rhabdoviruses have been described in plants, arthropods and vertebrates including
      man. Members of the group are of agricultural, veterinary and medical importance.
      The presence of a rhabdovirus in Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba invadens is
      the first record of their existence within protozoa. The morphology of this virus
      is described and its significance discussed, in relation to a possible lysogenic
      state and pathogenecity of Entamoeba species.

PMID- 178277
TI  - LevoDopa test and estrogen receptor assay in prognosticating responses of
      patients with advanced cancer of the breast to endocrine therapy.
AB  - The ability of L-dopa to arrest pain can be used to predict objective response of
      skeletal disease to endocrine ablation or additive therapy. In the present study,
      43 patients with painful skeletal metastases were evaluated for the relief of
      pain by L-dopa, given 250 mg to 500 mg orally every 4 hours for 4 days. Sixteen
      of the 25 responders to L-dopa had objective response to either previous or later
      hormonal therapy while all the 18 non-responders did not benefit from endocrine
      ablation. The results of L-dopa responses also correlated well to the presence of
      absence of cytoplasmic ER in tumor. These results demonstrate that both tests (L
      dopa and ER) are reliable indicators, one complimenting the other, in
      prognosticating response to endocrine therapy and should be used prior to hormone
      treatment. Alternative therapy should be considered for patients who are non
      responders to the L-dopa test and/or whose tumors contain negligible ER. The long
      term therapeutic value of L-Dopa, however, is limited.

PMID- 178280
TI  - The susceptibility of isolated guts from various species of mosquito to some
      arboviruses.
AB  - Isolated guts cultured in vitro from Aedes Aeaegypti and Ae. togoi were more
      susceptible to infection by SIN, SF, CHIK and WN viruses than tissue similarly
      cultured from Anopheles gambiae and An. stephensi. Langat TP 64, a tick-borne
      virus, failed to infect any of the cultured mosquito tissues.

PMID- 178281
TI  - Technetium stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams in the recognition of
      myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization.
AB  - Myocardial imaging using technetium 99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) has
      been utilized preoperatively and three to five days postoperatively to detect
      myocardial infarction in 48 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting,
      including 7 having valve replacement (5 aortic, 2 mitral) in addition to
      revascularization. In the total group of patients operated on there were 3 deaths
      (6%). Preoperatively, 26 patients had unstable angina and 10 had severe left main
      coronary artery disease. Eleven of the 48 (23%) were women. ECG and enzyme-proved
      infarctions occurred in 6 of the 48 patients (12%), but the addition of 99mTc-PYP
      myocardial imaging demonstrated scintigraphic evidence of infarction in 15
      patients (31%), including 2 who died in the operating room. The 99mTc-PYP
      myocardial imaging technique, which has proved safe, simple, and relatively
      inexpensive in these patients, suggests that the incidence of infarction after
      coronary bypass operations is somewhat higher than has been previously recognized
      from just ECG and enzyme changes. This technique also has been of value in
      helping to exclude myocardial infarction in difficult clinical situations such as
      postoperative arrhythmias and the postpericardiotomy syndrome.

PMID- 178282
TI  - Carcinoma of the lung: results of treatment over ten years.
AB  - Mediastinal lymph node dissection in conjunction with pulmonary resection was
      performed on 437 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma at the University of
      Michigan Medical Center from 1959 to 1969. The absolute five- and ten-year
      survival rates for patients undergoing curative resection were 36.2 and 14.4%,
      respectively. The five-year survival of those without nodal metastases was 49.3%,
      and it was 31.1% in patients with hilar metastases only. The five-year survival
      of patients with mediastinal metastases who received radiation therapy was 23.1%.
      Of the 193 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 43% lived five years free from
      disease. The five-year survival of patients undergoing resection who had no hilar
      lymph node metastases was 53%, and it was 47.5% in those with hilar metastases
      only. The five-year survival in patients with mediastinal metastases who received
      postoperative irradiation was 34.4%.

PMID- 178283
TI  - [Inhibition of 3', 5'-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in the guinea pig lung by a
      new anti-allergic: 10-(3-quinuclidinylmethyl) phenothiazine (LM 209)].
AB  - The action of a new antiallergic agent, 10-(3-quinuclidinylmethyl) phenothiazine
      or LM 209, on cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) was studied on a guinea-pig lung
      preparation and compared with that of other compounds such as cromoglycate (I),
      dexamethasone (II), dexchlorpheniramine (III), promethazine (IV) and theophylline
      (V). Compounds I, IV and V are competitive inhibitors whereas LM 209 and compound
      III are non competitive inhibitors of PDE. Compound II is practically inactive on
      the enzyme. Compounds III and V produce an inhibition of equal intensity,
      independently of the substrate concentration. Compounds I and IV are more active
      on PDE with low affinity than on PDE with strong affinity, whereas it is the
      contrary with LM 209. The mechanism of action of LM 209 at the pulmonary level is
      discussed in the light of these findings.

PMID- 178285
TI  - Dialysis in renal failure casued by amyloidosis of familial Mediterranean fever.
      A report of ten cases.
AB  - Ten unselected patients with renal failure casued by amyloidosis associated with
      FMF were treated by regular hemodialysis therapy from 1969 to 1974. They were
      compared to age-matched control patients treated by hemodialysis in the same unit
      during the same period, who were suffering from renal failure caused by other
      disease. Mortality in FMF and control patients was 30% with no significant
      difference in mean survival, shunt life, serum albumin or hemoglobin levels
      between the two groups. There was no significant difference in blood pressure
      measured predialysis or postdialysis in patients with FMF or in controls. The
      synthetic ACTH stimulation test showed adequate or elevated adrenocortical
      function. It is concluded that life can be prolonged up to 3 1/2 years by
      hemodialysis in renal failure caused by amyloidosis complicating FMF, and that
      renal failure casued by FMF is not a contraindication to regular hemodialysis
      therapy.

PMID- 178284
TI  - An investigation of the effects of a pyridyl and a piperidyl 1, 3-dioxolane
      derivative on neuromuscular transmission.
AB  - 2-(4'-pyridyl)-1,3-dioxolane methiodide (KCL-301-14) and 2-(1'-methyl-4'
      piperidyl)-1,3-dioxolane hydroiodide (KCL-301-39) facilitated the force of
      contraction in low doses and blocked it in higher doses in the in vivo cat soleus
      muscle preparation. Both drugs in the cat also reversed d-tubocurarine and
      succinylcholine blockade, produced post-drug repetitive activity, blocked post
      tetanic potentiation (PTP), had no direct muscle affect and reversed the PTP
      suppression caused by d-tubocurarine and succinylcholine. In the rat phrenic
      nerve-diaphragm and the chick biventer cervicis preparations in vitro,
      facilitation, then blockade of the contraction were seen as concentrations
      increased. However, KCL-301-14 reversed d-tubocurarine and increased
      succinylcholine blockades in the rat and chick. KCl-301-39 increased both d
      tubocurarine and succinylcholine blockades in the rat and chick. The different
      effects seen in the cat vs. the rat and chick with these drugs are probably due
      to species variation.

PMID- 178286
TI  - [Pseudohypohyperparathyroidism or Frame's pseudohypoparathyroidism type I].
AB  - Case report of a girl with fibrous osteitis lesions associated with clinical and
      biological symptoms of pseudo-hypoparathyroidism: hypocalcemia,
      hyperphosphoremia, absence of increase of phosphaturia (urine phosphate level)
      and especially of cyclic AMP after parathormone injection, high serum
      parathormone level. Similar cases described in literature are shortly analyzed.
      The genetic, pathogenic and nosologic problems of such an association are
      reviewed.

PMID- 178287
TI  - Recorded and reported sleep in chronic primary insomnia.
AB  - Sleep polygraph and questionnaire data of 18 chronic primary insomniacs were
      compared with those of 18 age- and sex-matched controls. The insomniacs had
      significantly longer sleep latencies, less total sleep, less sleep efficiency,
      more terminal wake time, and less delta sleep. There were significant
      discrepancies between the insomniacs' and controls' subjective assessments of
      their sleep and the sleep-polygraph data, but in opposite directions. The
      insomniacs' recorded sleep also showed more night-to-night variability than that
      of the controls. However, the controls, in contrast to the insomniacs, reported
      sleeping worse in the laboratory than at home. Significant differences between
      insomnia subtypes validly reflected the insomniacs' subjective complaints and
      were generally in accord with expectations based on them.

PMID- 178288
TI  - [The "greifswald-therapy-model" for carcinoma of the cervix uteri for clinical
      testing of the cancer-multistep-therapy after M. von Ardenne (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of a preliminary study of the cancer-Multistep-Therapy (C.M.T.) (so
      called "The Greifswald-Modell") are reported. This Greifswald-Therapy-Model has
      been developed by hitherto existing experiences in the clinical test of the
      C.M.T. 4 patients with carcinoma uteri T2bNOMO to T2bNOMO level epithelium
      carcinomas histologically verified showed after a preoperative treatment with
      C.M.T. and cantactradiatio (60CO) under the employment of a reduced dose of
      radios (1/2 to 1/3 of the pretherapy used in this clinic or 1/4 to 1/5 of the
      tumor dose) a complete regression of the tumor-specific changes. In the surgical
      specimen won after 4-7 weeks after C.M.T., carcinoma could not be detected either
      macroscopically or microscopically. Patients with a good therapy -- compatibility
      show a liberty of relapse with an increase in weight and an excellent physical
      and psychical health two year after C.M.T. This preliminary study shows the
      capability of the well - chosen therapy-model for the clinical test of the
      therapy-effect of the C.M.T. and it urgently demands to carry on with adequate
      alternate rows by including other conventional therapy schemes and other kinds of
      tumor to estimate definitively the effect of the C.M.T. in the tumor therapy.

PMID- 178289
TI  - Human adenohypophysis in Nelson syndrome. Ultrastructural and clinical study.
AB  - The manifestations that comprise the disease known as Nelson syndrome are
      pituitary hyperplasia and cutaneous hyperpigmentation, which sometimes follow
      bilateral adrenalectomy, in patients with hypercortisolism. We present a
      comprehensive endocrinologic, structural study of a patient in whom the evidence
      obtained supports the hypotheses that: (a) the primary disorder in this form of
      hypercortisolism is probably hypothalamic; (b) the hyperplasia of the
      adenohypophysis, following adrenalectomy, is closely associated with lowered
      plasma cortisol levels; and (c) the cillular hyperplasia in the adenohypophysis
      involves primarily the corticotroph, a cell believed to be associated with the
      secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

PMID- 178290
TI  - Mixed tumors of the salivary glands. Growth pattern and recurrence.
AB  - In 112 patients with mixed tumors of the salivary glands, 94 tumors were located
      in parotid glands, 11 in submandibular salivary glands, and 7 in monor palatal
      salivary glands. Capsular ingrowth, a characteristic growth pattern, may explain
      the frequency of multilobulation and capsular defects in these tumors,
      particularly those of long standing. The capsular thickness, the extent of
      fibrosis with stromal hyalinization, and the degree of lymphocytic infiltration
      within and around the capsule, were associated with cellularity of the tumors.
      Thus, 69% of the hypocellular neoplasms had incomplete capsules, and only 13%
      showed moderate to substantial lymphocytic infiltration; corresponding figures
      for hypercellular tumors were 22% and 42%, respectively. Of the recurrent
      lesions, 61% were hypocellular; 11% of the hypercellular tumors recurred.
      Incomplete resection, hypocellularity, and incomplete encapsulation were
      considered to be the major factors in recurrence.

PMID- 178291
TI  - Gigantic cystosarcoma phyllodes in a man with gynecomastia.
AB  - A 70-year-old man had a breast tumor for 50 years. The tumor, which weighed 8.6
      kg, proved to be a malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes. It was successfully removed
      by a simple mastectomy with low axillary dissection, and a skin graft was
      performed. The lesion was associated with gynecomastia, and it is believed to
      have represented a cystosarcomatous transformation of a giant fibroadenoma.

PMID- 178292
TI  - [Histoautoradiographic and biochemical study of the transport of atherogenic
      lipoproteins in the vascular wall].
AB  - Transport of serous pre-beta and beta-lipopropeins (beta-LP) labeled by C14
      protein and by C14 lipid into the wall of the aorta was studied
      histoautoradiographically and biochemically. The aortas of healthy rabbits and
      rabbits wuth experimental atherosclerosis were perfused in vitro with a medium
      containing rabbit pre-beta and beta-LP during 6 hours. After perfusion the mark
      was identified histoautoradiographically in all layers of the aorta. The presence
      of gradient in distribution of the mark from the inner layers of the aortas
      towards the outward part of the media indicated that the process of infiltration
      of the wall of the LP vessel was caused by their penetration from the lumen of
      the aorta. Nonuniformity in distribution of LP penetrated into the
      atherosclerotic aorta was noted, which was considered in connection with the
      changes occurred in the connective tissue of the wall of the aorta in the process
      of atherogenesis. Results of both morphological and biochemical investigations
      confirm an increased permeability of the aorta wall for LP in atherosclerosis and
      also substantiate the assumption about penetration of pre-beta and beta-LP into
      the wall of the vessel as a whole particle.

PMID- 178293
TI  - [Structural-metabolic characteristics of the myocardium in acute hemorrhage and
      hyperbaric oxygenation].
AB  - Histochemical and pathomorphological changes in the myocardium in acute loss of
      blood and hyperbaric oxygenation were investigated in experiments on 130 white
      rats. It was established that acute loss of blood brought about an activation of
      phosphorylase, a decrease in the content of glycogen, an inhibition of the
      activity of cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase in the myocardium. Foci
      of dystrophy were formed in the subendocaridal zone of the two ventricles and
      septum. Oxygenobarotherapy contributed to normalization of the level of activity
      of enzymes, preservation of glycogen, reduced the extent of manifestation of
      dystrophic changes in myocardiocytes. Hyperbaric oxygenation of healthy animals
      led to changes in the enzymatic activity in the myocardium. Dystrophic changes
      were noted in individual myocardiocytes. The data obtained testify to a direct
      influence of oxygen on metabolism of the myocardial cells.

PMID- 178295
TI  - Granular cell myoblastoma of the cervical trachea.
AB  - Only five granular cell myoblastomas affecting the cervical trachea have been
      previously reported. Two of these tumors appear to be primary lesions of the
      trachea, while the remaining three appear to involve it only secondarily. We
      report a case of an intraluminal granular cell myoblastoma arising from the right
      tracheal wall in a 45-year-old woman. The tumor extended into the partition wall
      between trachea and esophagus. Treatment was by surgical excision of the tumor
      and the involved tracheal ring. The patient was free of recurrence one year after
      treatment.

PMID- 178294
TI  - [The histoenzymology of arterial walls under normal conditions and during the
      development of atherosclerosis].
AB  - Investigation of enzymes of the vascular wall in atherosclerosis in man and in
      experiment should include biochemical studies in combination with histochemical
      control. It is most probable that the total activity of enzymes in the vascular
      wall in atherosclerosis depends upon the functional state of smooth-muscle cells.
      The character of changes in the activity of enzymes in the arteries susceptible
      to atherosclerosis makes it possible to prognose disturbances in metabolism of
      the vascular wall and partially to explain the sequency of the development of the
      atherosclerotic process.

PMID- 178296
TI  - Facial diplegia.
AB  - Sudden facial diplegia or recurrent facial palsy is a rare occurrence, and may be
      the only symptom indicative of a systemic illness. Two patients had this
      condition in the absence of Guillain-Barre-Strohl syndrome.

PMID- 178297
TI  - [The fructose induced "glycogenosis". II. Histochemical studies of glycogen
      metabolism in rat liver after fructose overload and similar diets (author's
      transl)].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Feeding of fructose for 7 days has been morphometrically shown to
      induce a SER-reduction and an accumulation of glycogen in rat liver cells. This
      hypothetical model "glycogenosis" is investigated with histochemical methods.
      MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats are given a solution of 60% fructose in water as only
      nutritional source. Controls are given a solution of 60% glucose in water, an
      isocaloric Altromin-R-standard diet and an Altromin-R-standard diet ad libitum.
      Reversion of fructose induced metabolic changes is investigated by a 7 days
      fructose diet followed by an 1-4 days Altromin-R-standard diet ad libitum.
      Glycogen and glycogen metabolizing enzymes are demonstrated after a 7 days diet
      and in the course of an 1-7 days fructose diet. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Feeding
      of fructose leads to a high glycogen content, combined with a high activity of
      glycogen-phosphorylase and glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver parenchyma.
      Glycogen-synthetase activity increases during the first 4 days and then it drops
      to a low level. A pathological alteration of liver cell metabolism seems to be
      improbable, for all fructose induced changes are reversibel after 2 days of
      Altromin-R-standard diet. Glucose-6-phosphatase, as a marker-enzyme of the smooth
      endoplasmatic reticulum, is discussed to become activated by disruption of SER
      membranes due to fructose.

PMID- 178298
TI  - [Virological studies on insemmination bulls in Hessen. 1st communication: studies
      on the occurrence of IBR-IPV virus infections].

PMID- 178299
TI  - The use of an antiandrogenic agent to distinguish between estrogen and androgen
      binding proteins in rat ventral prostate.

PMID- 178300
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity in malignant and cyclic AMP
      induced "differentiated" neuroblastoma cells in culture.

PMID- 178301
TI  - Distribution of thyroid and glucocorticoid hormone receptors in transcriptionally
      active and inactive chromatin.

PMID- 178302
TI  - Distribution of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic activities among cell fractions
      from rat liver.

PMID- 178303
TI  - Properties of the primary electron acceptor complex of photosystem I in the blue
      green alga Chlorogloea fritschii.

PMID- 178304
TI  - Conversion of guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate to adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in
      frog myocardial tissue.

PMID- 178305
TI  - Abrogation by prostaglandin F2alpha of LH-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in
      isolated rat corpora lutea of pregnancy.

PMID- 178307
TI  - 3'-Terminal sequence of vesicular stomatitis virus genome RNA.

PMID- 178306
TI  - The inhibition of translation of synthetic polyribonucleotides and mengo RNA in
      extracts from interferon-treated L cells and its reversion by yeast tRNAs.

PMID- 178308
TI  - Collagenase from rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 178309
TI  - Effect of visible light on the mitochondrial inner membrane.

PMID- 178310
TI  - Consecutive use of omega-aminoalkylagaroses. Resolution and purification of
      clostripain and collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum.

PMID- 178311
TI  - Evidence for a thiol reagent inhibiting choline acetyltransferase by reacting
      with the thiol group of coenzyme A forming a potent ingibitor.

PMID- 178312
TI  - Dye titrations of covalently closed supercoiled DNA analyzed by agarose gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 178315
TI  - Nucleotide sequence with elements of an unusual two-fold rotational symmetry in
      the region of origin of replication of SV40 DNA+.

PMID- 178313
TI  - Stimulation of proline transport by cupric ion in membrane vesicles from
      Mycobacterium phlei.

PMID- 178314
TI  - The recycling of NAD+ (free and immobilized) within semipermeable aqueous
      microcapsules containing a multi-enzyme system.

PMID- 178316
TI  - Mechanism of superoxide anion scavenging reaction by bis-(salicylato)-copper (II)
      complex.

PMID- 178317
TI  - Ruthenium red as a carrier of electrons between external NADH and cytochrome c in
      rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 178318
TI  - Effects of benzydamine on the lipolytic system of fat cells.

PMID- 178319
TI  - Diurnal variation in the requirement for RNA synthesis in the induction of pineal
      N-acetyltransferase.

PMID- 178320
TI  - On the mechanism of the increase in prolyl hydroxylase activity in the uterus of
      the rat given estradiol-17beta.

PMID- 178321
TI  - Effect of isoproterenol and acetylcholine treatment in vitro on cyclic
      nucleotides in mouse sex accessory organs.

PMID- 178322
TI  - Inhibition of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase of the rat uterus and liver by
      clorglyine, pargyline and harmine.

PMID- 178323
TI  - Serum albumin and lipoproteins as the quinidine binding molecules in normal human
      sera.

PMID- 178324
TI  - Is atheroma a reversible lesion?
AB  - In this review atherogenic factors are discussed in relation to the possibility
      of regression. Evidence for regression of human lesions comes mainly from postwar
      studies and observations on persons with chronic wasting diseases. The entry,
      exit and effects of lipids in the arterial wass are considered as important
      factors which might determine regression. A variety of experiments in different
      animals which have been done in order to study regression are described. Some
      involve cholesterol feeding and withdrawal, others are concerned with the effects
      of hyperoxia and drugs. It is concluded that certain forms of atheroma can be
      induced to regress.

PMID- 178327
TI  - Triglyceride accumulation in cultured human fibroblasts: the effects of
      hypertriglyceridemic serum.
AB  - Cultures of human diploid fibroblasts were shown to accumulate elevated levels of
      intracellular triglyceride when grown in medium supplemented with sera from
      patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia).
      Time course studies indicated cell triglyceride levels reached maxium in 6 to 12
      hours. Isotopic studies indicated that the source of the accumulated cell
      triglyceride was serum triglyceride, and that most of the triglyceride was taken
      up without hydrolysis. Triglyceride was not significantly removed by
      trypsinization or extensive washing. The accumulated triglyceride was also
      demonostrated to be metabolized, as indicated by conversion to phospholipids and
      free fatty acids. Increasing concentrations of hypertriglyceridemic serum in the
      medium resulted in increasing cell triglyceride levels. However, increasing
      amounts of normal serum did not result in comparable cell triglyceride
      accumulation. Intracellular triglyceride accumulation seemed to correlate with
      levels of hypertriglyceridemic serum triglyceride, whether this serum was present
      at equivalent concentrations or normalized to triglyceride levels equivalent to
      normal serum. It is concluded that elevated serum triglyceride levels can result
      in intracellular triglyceride accumulation even in the absence of lipolytic
      activity.

PMID- 178326
TI  - Lipoprotein concentrations in serum and in biopsy samples of arterial intima: a
      quantitive comparison.
AB  - Lipoprotein concentrations were compared in serum and in samples of arterial
      intima obtained during cardiovascular surgery. The interval between blood
      sampling and surgery did not exceed 48 hours. Apolipoproteins B and C, the major
      proteins of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
      respectivity, were detectable by immuno-assay in all arterial specimens. Highly
      significant positive correlations existed between the levels of lipoproteins in
      the intima and in serum. In patients with elevated serum VLDL levels (Type IV
      hyperlipoproteinaemia) arterial concentrations of apolipoproteins B and C were
      increased about two-fold; in those with raised LDL levels in serum (Type II),
      with or without concomitant elevation of VLDL levels, the concentration of
      apolipoprotein B was increased almost 5-fold in the arterial intima. The arterial
      wall therefore contains lipoproteins or their immunologically-similar metabolites
      at concentrations which are determined in part by serum lipoprotein levels.

PMID- 178325
TI  - Clofibrate-induced low density liporotein elevation. Therapeutic implications and
      treatment by colestipol resin.
AB  - Plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses to clofibrate were assessed in fifteen
      hypertriglyceridemic patients for the purpose of ascertaining low-density
      lipoprotein (LDL) changes. Subjects were grouped into either Type IV (11) or IIB
      (4) subgroups according to initial LDL level. Clofibrate was without effect on
      LDL in the IIB group, but consistent, often large, elevations were noted in Type
      IV cases (mean increase, 37.6%, P less than 0.001). In the IIB subgroup, addition
      of the bile-acid sequestrant, colestipol, lowered LDL (27.8%, P less 0.02) and
      total cholesterol (21.3%, P less 0.01) below pre-treatment values. In the Type IV
      subgroup, LDL fell to 19.5% above baseline (P great than 0.05). Significant LDL
      elevations induced by clofibrate in three of six subjects were restored to
      initial levels. In both groups, triglycerides and very-low density lipoproteins
      (VLDL) were not affected. The efficacy of colestipol in reducing LDL levels,
      expressed as either absolute or percentage reductions, increased as a function of
      increasing post-clofibrate LDL concentration (r = 0.84, P less than 0.001). In
      these subjects the level of LDL after treatment with clofibrate depended upon
      their LDL level prior to drug therapy, the effect of clofibrate on this level,
      and lipoprotein phenotype. Thus colestipol was most effective in IIB subjects,
      Type IV subjects with the lowest baseline VLDL and hence reciprocally highest
      LDL, and Type IV individuals who exhibited the largest LDL induction by
      clofibrate. The reported ineffectiveness of clofibrate on mortality and morbidity
      in patients with established coronary heart disease might be related to
      elevations and infrequent reductions of LDL. From the perspective of lipoprotein
      lowering, the combination with colestipol appears more favorable.

PMID- 178328
TI  - Relationships between plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and the pool
      size and metabolism of cholesterol in man.
AB  - The plasma concentration of unesterified and esterified cholesterol within very
      low density (VLDL), low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) lipoproteins have
      been examined in relation to the metabolism and pool size of cholesterol in
      normal and hyperlipidaemic subjects. Cholesterol metabolism was assessed as
      faecal endogenous neutral and acidic steroid excretion, a 2-pool model of
      cholesterol turnover, and in vitro plasma cholesterol esterifying activity. VLDL
      total cholesterol (TC) concentration was positively correlated with cholesterol
      turnover, endogenous neutral steroid excretion, bile acid excretion and the
      absolute rate of plasma cholestrol esterification. The correlations with
      cholesterol turnover and neutral steroid excretion, but not that with bile acid
      excretion, remained significant when these were corrected for their relationships
      to body weight. LDL-TC was negatively correlated with the fractional rate of
      plasma cholesterol esterification and, in subjects with primary type IIa
      hyperlipoproteinaemia, also with the rate constant for cholesterol elimination
      from the rapidly exchanging cholesterol pool. No correlation was found between
      LDL-TC concentration and bile acid excretion. HDL-TC concentration was negatively
      correlated with both the rapidly and slowly exchanging pools of tissue
      cholesterol, after correction for their relationships to body weight and
      adiposity. In contrast, cholesterol pool sizes were not correlated with the
      concentration of VLDL or LDL-TC; nor was there any relationship to plasma
      cholesterol esterifying activity. No correlation was found between the relative
      proportions of unesterified cholesterol within any lipoprotein fraction and
      either the pool size or metabolism of cholesterol. These findings accord with
      previous reports of enhanced cholesterol metabolism in subjects with elevated
      VLDL concentrations and of impaired plasma LDL and cholesterol clearance in
      patients with primary type IIa hyperlipoproteinaemia. The demonstration that HDL
      TC concentration is negatively correlated with body cholesterol pool size
      supports in vitro evidence for a role of HDL IN TISSUE CHOLESTEROL CLEARENCE.

PMID- 178329
TI  - Changing relative proportions of apolipoproteins CII and CIII of very low density
      lipoproteins in hypertriglyceridaemia.
AB  - The very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) of fasting serum from subjects with
      normo- and hypertriglyceridaemia (Type IV and V) were separated into subfractions
      by density gradient centrifugation. The tetramethylurea (TMU)- soluble
      apolipoproteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the
      relative proportions of apo CII and CIIIs determined. There were highly
      significant correlations between the concentration of VLDL triglycerides and apo
      CII (r---0.92), apo CIII1 (r=+0.88) and the ratio apo CII/apo CIII1 (r= --0.94).
      It was suggested that the decreasing ratio apo CII/CIII1 with increasing
      triglyceride levels might cause a resistance to lipoprotein lipase and therefore
      a defect lipolysis of VLDL based upon a changed ratio apo CII/apo CII1 might be
      part of the pathogenesis of the hypertriglyceridaemia.

PMID- 178330
TI  - Relation between extent of coronary artery disease and severity of
      hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - Lipoprotein analyses were performed in 133 male patients and were correlated with
      the coronary arteriographic findings. The prevalence of hyperlipoproteinaemia was
      significantly higher in those patients with coronary artery disease (P less than
      0-02). In addition, the more extensive the degree of coronary artery pathology
      the higher were the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and
      low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Hyperlipoproteinaemia was more
      prevalent in the younger patients with coronary artery disease (P less than 0
      02).

PMID- 178331
TI  - Mammary carcinoma in an acromegalic patient.

PMID- 178332
TI  - Elastosis and oestrogen receptors in human breast cancer.

PMID- 178334
TI  - Detection of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions with cytochrome oxidase.
AB  - The anaerobic metabolism of the arterial wall allows macrophages to be
      demonstrated therein by the cytochrome oxidase histochemical method. Monocytes
      (macrophages) in human fatty streaks (WHO grade I) or fibrofatty (WHO grade II)
      human atherosclerotic lesions are normally confined to subendothelial regions.
      Lesions complicated by ulceration, mural thrombosis or intimal haemorrhage (WHO
      grade III) showed numerous monocytes (macrophages) around newly-formed
      capillaries in focal areas of organization. By contrast with grades I and II
      atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages in lipid granulomas induced by subcutaneous
      injection of cholesterol oleate are more numerous and distributed throughout the
      lesion. The slow or absent resorption of lipid from atheromatous lesions may in
      part result from the paucity of macrophages therein.

PMID- 178333
TI  - Studies on antistreptolysin O activity generated in serum by microorganisms.
AB  - An antistreptolysin factor (ASF) was generated in normal human serum by the
      growth of Staph, aureus and Pseud, aeruginosa. Alpha toxin producing strains of
      the former were usually positive but activity was not restricted to such strains.
      Positive strains produce cholesterol esterase which was obtained from DEAE
      cellulose column fractions of 18 h broth cultures. Antistreptolysin factor
      develops slowly in serum, being maximal between the 5th and 10th days and is
      associated with alterations and disappearance of beta lipoproteins on gel
      electrophoresis. Activity also appeared in beta lipoproteins precipitated from
      normal serum with dextran sulphate and redissolved in nutrient broth before
      inoculation with Staph, aureus. The slow appearance of antistreptolysin activity
      in serum appears to be due to an esterase inhibitor which is present in high
      concentrations in some sera. Activity is also modified by the production of a
      staphylococcal fraction capable of binding to the antistreptolysin factor and
      reducing its activity. It is suggested that antistreptolysin factor which can be
      demonstrated in small amounts in normal human serum represents a readily
      available non-specific defence mechanism capable of binding to certain bacterial
      products and possible to other foreign protein molecules.

PMID- 178335
TI  - Further observations on subacute sclerosing encephalitis in adult hamsters: the
      effects of intranasal infections with Langat virus, measles virus and SSPE
      measles virus.
AB  - Passage by i.c. inoculations of suckling hamsters enhanced the virulence for
      adult hamsters of Langat virus (TP21), neurotropic strain of measles virus (HNT)
      and SSPE-measles virus (HBS), not only for i.c. infections but also for
      intranasal instillations. The various viral strains passaged in hamsters showed a
      great similarity of behaviour including the ability of producing in a proportion
      of apparently unaffected survivors a subacute sclerosing encephalitis, leading to
      atrophy of parts of the brain especially the rhinencephalon. When large groups of
      animals were used for transmission experiments it became obvious that within one
      week after intranasal exposure, all the hamsters either died or became clinically
      affected, or did not show signs of disease but developed acute inflammatory brain
      lessions. tlater on, between 2-6 weeks following inoculations only 90% of
      hamsters were affected with either overt signs of disease or subacute brain
      lesions, suggesting that in about 10% of hamsters the initial infection did not
      progress further and that in these animals the early brain lesions disappeared.
      Passage levels, irrespective of the virus used, did not influence the total
      numbers of infected hamsters but showed a significant effect on the mortality in
      TP21 and HNT infections where the number of dead and clinically affected
      increased in the higher passes. In these higher passes the number of survivors
      with subacute brain lesions decreased. In SSPE-measles virus the number of
      clinically affected hamsters and those surviving but developing brain lesions
      remained constant throughout. Vacuolated neurons were present in the brains of
      hamsters that survived one of the above 3 viral infections. They were seen
      beginning from 6 weeks after infection only in animals that developed subacute
      sclerosing lesions and were most commonly found in the amygdaloid nuclei and in
      the pyriform cortex. There was a dramatic increase in the number of brains with
      vacuolated neurons in hamsters infected with the high viral passes; however, in
      the 36th hamster passage of TP21 no vacuolated neurons were present but the total
      number of survivors was small, the majority had no brain lesions and none had
      subacute sclerosing changes.

PMID- 178336
TI  - The ineffectiveness of coumarin treatment on thermal oedema of macrophage-free
      rats.
AB  - The administration of silica prevents coumarin-stimulated lysis of accumulated
      abnormal protein. This impairs the resolution of thermal oedema which is normally
      increased with coumarin administration. Evidence suggests that there is a rapid
      differentiation and infiltration of monocytes into the  tissues and that these
      are selectively retained. This is aided by coumarin which increases tissue
      permeability. Coumarin also injures the vascular endothelium of some vessels,
      allowing extra protein and fluid into the tissues. Death of recently
      differentiated macrophages and subsequent release of their lysosomal contents
      into the extra-cellular spaces may be responsible for the changes in serum enzyme
      levels. It would seem that macrophages are the only cells in which coumarin
      stimulates increased phagocytosis, enzyme production and proteolysis.

PMID- 178338
TI  - Enzyme-immunoassays for antibodies in measles, cytomegalovirus infections and
      after rubella vaccination.
AB  - Enzyme-immunoassays using an indirect method with alkaline phosphatase conjugated
      antiglobulins were satisfactory for detection of antibody to Measles and
      Cytomegalovirus. The antigen was passively adsorbed to polystyrene micro
      harmagglutination plates for the assays. IgM antibody to Rubella was also
      detected by enzyme-immunoassay at 7 and 28 days after vaccination in a person who
      had negative Rubella serology before vaccination. IgG antibody was detected at
      those times in another patient who had positive Rubella serology prior to
      vaccination. The enzyme immunoassays appear to have the potential for routine
      laboratory use for virological diagnosis.

PMID- 178337
TI  - Experimental infection of monkeys with viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis
      complex: degenerative cerebellar lesions following inapparent forms of the
      disease or recovery from clinical encephalitis.
AB  - Rhesus, patas and vervet monkeys were infected i.c. or i.n. with three viruses of
      the tick-borne encephalitis complex (TBE) as follows: Turkish tick-borne
      encephalitis virus (TTE), Louping-ill virus and Central European tick-borne
      encephalitis virus (CETE). The incidence of overt clinical signs of disease
      varied according to the virus that was used for the inoculations. TTE proved to
      be more pathogenic for monkeys than the other two members of the complex, whilst
      CETE was the least pathogenic. Injections of specific antiserum soon after
      infection tended to increase both the incidence of clinical signs and the
      moratlity. A proportion of animals with inapparent infections and a number of
      monkeys that recovered from the acute phase of the disease developed degenerative
      lesions in the cerebellum, often superimposed on the involuting inflammatory
      changes. The changes affected either a few only or many folia of the cerebellum
      and consisted of neuronal and spongy degeneration of the Purkinje and granular
      layers, usually accompanied by marked astrocytic proliferation and hypertrophy in
      the granular and molecular layers.

PMID- 178339
TI  - Lysosomal hydrolases of the epidermis. 5. Variation with depth in the cow snout.
AB  - The activity of twelve acid hydrolases has been measured in serial horizontal
      sections of cow snout epidermis. The majority of these enzymes showed a clear
      peak in the basal and lower spinous cell layers; acid phosphatase, however, was
      found mainly in the keratinizing zone. These findings suggest that two discrete
      populations of lysosomes may occur in epidermis. Those present in the lower
      layers possess a typical pattern of hydrolase activity and probably correspond to
      the 'orthodox' lysosomes observed by electron microscopy techniques, whereas
      those found in the keratinizing zone possess an unusual hydrolase profile and may
      correspond to the bodies identified morphologically as keratinosomes (Odland
      bodies, membrane-coating granules).

PMID- 178340
TI  - Corticotrophin and tetracosactrin depot-self-administered for the treatment of
      eczema.
AB  - The prolonged use of self-administered corticotrophin in the form of 'CMC ACTH'
      (Crookes) or 'Synacthen Depot' (Ciba) has been considered in twenty-seven
      patients with severe subactute of chronic eczema. Complications were not
      troublesome and the therapeutic response was good. Many of the patients were able
      to control their disease fully without the effort and discomfort of additional
      local treatment and patients' acceptance of the treatment was high.

PMID- 178341
TI  - The use and interpretation of tests for steroid impaired hypothalamic--pituitary-
      adrenocortical function.

PMID- 178343
TI  - Surface sulphydryl groups and phagocytosis-associated oxidative metabolic changes
      in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - The role of surface sulphydryl (-SH) groups of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes
      on phagocytosis-associated oxidative metabolic changes was studied. p
      Chloromercurybenzene sulphonic acid, a surface -SH group inhibitor, had no effect
      on phagocytosis, superoxide production during phagocytosis, or killing of S.
      aureus by the leucocytes, while it inhibited phagocytosis-associated stimulation
      of hexose monophosphate pathway activity and H2O2 production. In contrast, N
      ethylmaleimide, which inhibits both intracellular and surface -SH groups,
      inhibited phagocytosis-associated oxidative metabolic changes. p
      Chloromercurybenzene sulphonic acid also inhibited the stimulation of hexose
      monophosphate pathway activity by exogenous H2O2, suggesting a regulatory role of
      plasma membrane on the pathway's activity in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
      The results also suggest that: (I) superoxide production is the primary event of
      oxidative metabolic changes during phagocytosis, (2) superoxide plays an
      important role in the killing of S. aureus, and (3) the hexose monophosphate
      pathway plays a primary role in producing NADPH for H2O2 production from
      superoxide.

PMID- 178342
TI  - Relation between the inhibition of aggregation and the concentration of cAMP in
      human and rat platelets.
AB  - Adenosine inhibits the aggregation of human but not of rat platelets whereas both
      are inhibited by prostaglandin E1 or by the pyrimido-pyrimidine compound RA233.
      In human platelets all three agents increase adenosine-3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate
      (cAMP). If the inhibition of aggregation depended on this increase, adenosine
      might be expected not to increase cAMP in rat platelets. Under conditions in
      which adenosine inhibited aggregation and increased cAMP in human platelets,
      adenosine caused a similar increase in cAMP in rat platelets without inhibiting
      their aggregation. The aggregation of rat platelets was inhibited as effectively
      as that of human platelets by PGE1 or RA233 at concentrations which caused
      greater increases in cAMP than did the highest concentrations (2.8 X 10(-4) M) of
      adenosine it was possible to use. When the increase of cAMP in rat platelets by
      PGE1 was limited to that produced by adenosine, PGE1 like adenosine failed to
      inhibit aggregation. Therefore, the difference in the inhibitory effectiveness of
      adenosine on rat and human platelets was quantitative rather than qualitative and
      apparently depended on the inability of adenosine to increase cAMP sufficiently
      in rat platelets. When cAMP had been increased by adenosine, PGE1 or RA233, the
      addition of ADP caused cAMP to decrease rapidly in both human and rat platelets
      to between +22 and -18% of control values, except that the decrease in rat
      platelets was to +40% after RA233 had been present for 0.5 min before ADP. The
      increase in cAMP produced in rat platelets by adenosine at 5 X 10(-6) to 2.8 X
      10(-4) M for 3 min was associated with a small increase in aggregation velocity.
      It is suggested that the comparative ineffectiveness of adenosine as an inhibitor
      of platelet aggregation, particularly with rat but less so also with human
      platelets, is because, unlike PGE1 or RA233, adenosine has two opposing actions
      on aggregation; one being inhibition by activating adenylate cyclase and
      increasing cAMP, and the other being potentiation by uptake. This hypothesis
      accounts for the present results as well as for the earlier observation that
      dipyridamole which prevents the uptake of adenosine potentiates its inhibitory
      effect on the aggregation of human platelets.

PMID- 178345
TI  - Manifest dream content: changes with the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 178344
TI  - Surface sulphydryl groups and hexose monophosphate pathway activity in resting
      human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - The role of surface -SH groups on the hexose monophosphate pathway activity in
      resting human polymorphonuclear leucocytes was studied. Endotoxin, taurocholic
      acid and concanvalin A stimulated [I-14C]glucose oxidation to a greater degree
      than [6-14C]glucose oxidation. The stimulation of glucose-I-C-oxidation by
      endotoxin, taurocholic acid and concanavalin A could be prevented by p
      chloromercurybenzene sulphonic acid, an inhibitor of surface -SH groups. In
      contrast, polymorphonuclear leucocytes from four patients with chronic
      granulomatous disease failed to show stimulation of glucose-I-C-oxidation by
      endotoxin, taurocholic acid or concanavalin A.

PMID- 178346
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix a clinical and pathological appraisal.
AB  - Twenty-six cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the cervix are analyzed. Their
      clinical features are described and attention is drawn to the variable
      histological pattern of these tumors.

PMID- 178347
TI  - Editorial: The importance of being collagen.

PMID- 178348
TI  - Biochemical and pathological changes in tissues of Friesian cattle during the
      experimental induction of copper deficiency.
AB  - 1. Copper deficiency was induced in five Friesian cattle offered a semi-synthetic
      diet containing less than 1 mgCu/kg. Changes in blood and liver Cu contents and
      in the Cu-containing enzymes, ferroxidase I (caeruloplasmin; EC 1.16.3.1) and
      monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) of plasma and cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) of
      liver and skeletal muscle were monitored during Cu depletion. 2. Rapid decreases
      in blood and liver Cu and plasma ferroxidase I activity were found at least 80 d
      before the first appearance of overt clinical signs of deficiency. Plasma
      monoamine oxidase and liver cytochrome oxidase activities decreased less rapidly
      and thus may provide useful indices of chronic Cu depletion.

PMID- 178350
TI  - Effects of paramagnetic shift reagents on the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectra of egg phosphatidylcholine enriched with 13C in the N-methyl carbons.
AB  - Effects of paramagnetic shift reagents on the 13C NMR spectra obtained from
      single-walled vesicle dispersions of egg phosphatidylcholine enriched with 13C in
      the N-methyl carbons are investigated. Spectra obtained at 25.1 MHz show that, at
      Yb3+ to phospholipid molar ratios as low as 0.06, complete resolution of the N
      methyl carbon resonances is obtained from molecules on the inner and outer faces
      of the vesicle bilayer. No precipitation of the vesicles is caused by Yb3+ at
      these concentrations nor is appreciable line broadening observed. Other
      paramagnetic shift reagents frequently used in proton NMR investigations of
      phosphatidylcholine vesicles do not give complete separation of the N-methyl 13C
      signals from the two bilayer surfaces. K3Fe(CN)b,Eu3+, and Pr3+ cause
      precipitation of the phosphatidylcholine vesicles at concentrations, which give
      only incomplete resolution of these signals. T1 measurements of the resonances
      separated by Yb3+ indicate that the choline groups on the inner bilayer surface
      are less mobile than are the same groups in the outer surface. Gated proton
      decoupling measurements, which show that the nuclear Overhauser effect is 2.8 +/-
      0.1, indicate that the dominant mode of relaxation is dipolar interaction.

PMID- 178349
TI  - Differential phosphorylation by GTP and ATP in isolated rod outer segments of the
      retina.
AB  - Isolated bovine rod outer segment protein is phosphorylated with GTP-gamma-32P
      and ATP-gamma 32P and to a much lesser extent by CTP-gamma-32P and UTP-gamma-32P.
      Phosphorylation with both GTP (GTP-kinase activity) and ATP (ATP-kinase activity)
      is markedly stimulated by light; phosphorylation with GTP is lower in dark
      adapted and higher in light-adapted rod outer segments than is phosphorylation
      with ATP. Km values of 20 and 200 muM and Vmax values of 2.1 and 5.9 nmol/(mg
      min(-1)) were calculated using ATP and GTP, respectively, in light-adapted outer
      segments. When outer segments are incubated with GTP-gamma-32P under the usual
      conditions employed in these experiments, no formation of ATP-gamma-32P was
      detected by the techniques of high-pressure liquid chromatography and thin-layer
      chromatography. In intact, light-bleached outer segments, GTP appears to
      specifically phosphorylate rhodopsin. Histone and phosvitin are not
      phosphorylated to any appreciable extent by GTP. Histone appears to block
      rhodopsin phosphorylation by GTP while histone and, to some extent, phosvitin,
      both act as substrates for ATP-kinase activity. Cyclic AMP and other adenine
      derivates have a marked inhibitory effect on GTP-kinase activity. Phosphate also
      inhibits GTP-kinase activity but stimulates ATP-kinase activity. Such differences
      in phosphorylation with GTP and ATP indicate that these activities are either due
      to separate enzyme systems or, if only one enzyme is involved, the activities are
      under separate physiological control in the photoreceptor unit.

PMID- 178352
TI  - Determination of molar ratios of vesicular stomatitis virus induced RNA species
      in BHK21 cells.
AB  - A modified procedure for analysis of RNA in denaturing formamide-polyacrylamide
      slab gels containing 6 M urea is described. Using this technique, in conjucntion
      with fluorographic analysis, we determined molecular weights and molar ratios of
      the various vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) induced RNAs in BHK21 cells. A
      comparison of the molar ratios of virus-specific mRHAs and their putative protein
      products in these cells suggests that there is little, if any, translational
      control of viral gene expression during acute VSV infection.

PMID- 178353
TI  - Synthesis and properties of diastereoisomers of adenosine 5'-(O-1
      thiotriphosphate) and adenosine 5'-(O-2-thiotriphosphate).
AB  - The chemical synthesis of adenosine 5'-(O-1-thiotriphosphate) (ATPalphaS) and
      adenosine 5'-(O-2-thiotriphosphate) (ATPbetaS) is described. Both exist as a pair
      of diastereomers, A and B. The isomers of ATPalphaS can be distinguished on the
      basis of their different reaction rates with myokinase as well as nucleoside
      diphosphate kinase. With both enzymes, isomer A reacts fast whereas isomer B
      reacts considerably more slowly. Phosphorylation of a mixture of isomers of
      ADPalphaS with pyruvate or acetate kinase yields ATPalphaS, isomer A, whereas the
      phosphoryl transfer with creatine or arginine kinase yields isomer B. The isomers
      of ATPbetaS differ in their reactivity with myosin. Isomer A is readily
      hydrolyzed, whereas isomer B is not. However, isomer B reacts faster with
      nucleoside diphosphate kinase and ADP than isomer A. Phosphoryl transfer with
      pyruvate kinase onto ADPbetaS yields ATPbetaS, isomer A, with acetate kinase,
      isomer B.

PMID- 178351
TI  - Hormonal regulation of pancreatic islet adenyl cyclase.
AB  - Adenyl cyclase activity of rat pancreatic islet membrane was increased by
      secretin, pancreozymin, and isoproterenol, while ACTH, glucagon, growth hormone,
      and insulin had no effect. Both secretin and isoproterenol activations were
      enhanced by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and GTP. Isoproterenol activation was
      additive with PGE1, as was that of secretin with PGE1, but only in the presence
      of GTP. Secretin activation in the presence of PGE1 and GTP was equivalent to NaF
      stimulation. Kinetic analysis indicated that secretin and GTP increased the
      maximum velocity of the adenyl cyclase and tended to decrease the apparent
      affinity of the enzyme for ATP. Glucagon activation of islet membrane adenyl
      cyclase was dependent upon prior treatment of the membrane preparation with EGTA
      and the use of inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes during the collagenase digestion
      phase of islet preparation. These results suggest that hormonal regulation of
      insulin secretion may be affected by PGE1 and guanine nucleotide modulation of
      the adenyl cyclase activation process.

PMID- 178354
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of adenosine- and guanosine-3',5'
      monophosphate phosphodiesterases from human lung tissue.
AB  - Crude extracts of human lung tissue were examined for cyclic adenosine- and
      guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP and cGMP) phosphodiesterase activities.
      Nonlinear reciprocal plots were observed for each substrate. DEAE-Sephadex
      chromatography of the extracts revealed four main fractions of activity, which
      were further purified by Sephadex gel filtration. The phosphodiesterase activity
      of the resulting individual fractions was partially characterized with respect to
      substrate specificity, kinetic parameters, apparent molecular weight (gel
      filtration), thermal stability at 30 and 37 degrees C, effect of the cyclic
      nucleotide not utilized as substrate, and the possible influence of Ca2+
      dependent protein activator. The results indicate that the tissue contains
      phosphodiesterases with strict specificity and a high apparent affinity for each
      of the two cyclic nucleotides (the Km values determined were approximately 0.3
      0.4 muM). The high affinity cAMP phosphodiesterase activity was enriched in two
      of the purified fractions; both activities probably represent fragments of the
      native high affinity cAMP specific enzyme. A third purified phosphodiesterase
      showed mixed substrate specificity. The Km value recorded for hydrolysis of
      either substrate with this enzyme was approximately 25 muM. A fourth, irregularly
      occurring, phosphodiesterase activity also showed mixed substrate specificity.
      The Km value registered for hydrolysis of either substrate with this fraction was
      approximately 0.4 muM. There was no evidence for a Ca2+-dependent specific
      activation by a boiled lung tissue supernatant of any of the purified enzymes.

PMID- 178355
TI  - Specific modification of an effector binding site of phosphofructokinase by
      pyridoxal phasphate.
AB  - Conditions are described for the covalent modification of rabbit skeletal muscle
      phosphofructokinase by pyridoxal phosphate plus sodium borohydride to produce an
      enzyme that appears by a number of criteria to be modified at the citrate binding
      site. Evidence that modification occurs at this site is as follows. (1)
      Protection against activity loss due to modification is provided by the
      combination of MgATP and citrate, whereas neither low concentrations of citrate
      nor MgATP alone is effective. This is consistent with the increased affinity for
      citrate that is observed in the presence of MgATP. (2) The extensive changes in
      activity and equilibrium binding result from the incorporation of only 1 mol of
      pyridoxal phosphate per mol of protomer. (3) Modification greatly increases
      sensitivity to MgATP inhibition, an effect consistent with the known synergism
      between MgATP and citrate. (4) The affinity of the enzyme for both MgATP and
      MgIPT at the catalytic site is increased by the modification. (5) The sensitivity
      of the enzyme to citrate inhibition is greatly diminished following covalent
      modification. (6) Modification abolishes the equilibrium binding of citrate. (7)
      Enhanced binding of MgATP is observed following modification, a result consistent
      with the enhancement of MgATP binding by citrate. Phosphofructokinase protected
      by citrate plus MgATP can also be modified by the incorporation of 1 or more mol
      of pyridoxal phosphate, but the enzyme so produced is capable of interacting with
      citrate and shows none of the properties herein described for the enzyme modified
      in the absence of citrate.

PMID- 178356
TI  - Stimulation of ascites tumor RNA polymerase II by protein kinase.
AB  - The activity of purified RNA polymerase II from Novikoff ascites tumor cells is
      stimulated 5-7-fold by a purified protein factor. This protein factor, designated
      HLF2, has extensive protein kinase activity and catalyzed the incorporation of
      gamma-32G from ATP into protein under normal RNA polymerase assay conditions.
      Protein phosphorylation is totally dependent on the presence of HLF2 and is
      stimulated 2-3-fold by the presence of highly purified RNA polymerase II. The
      purification procedure developed for the isolation of the polymerase stimulatory
      factor resulted in a 4000-fold purification of a protein kinase. Chromatography
      on carboxymethylcellulose, phosphocellulose, and Sephadex G-100 did not resolve
      polymerase stimulatory activity from protein kinase activity.
      Adenylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), an inhibitor of protein kinases, inhibited the
      stimulatory activity of purified factor by 80%. The heat denaturation profile of
      protein kinase was paralleled by the loss of polymerase stimulatory activity.
      Concentrations of (NH4)2SO4 which are known to inhibit polymerase stimulation
      (Lee and Dahmus, 1973) also inhibit protein kinase activity. The protein kinase
      activity associated with stimulatory factor catalyzes the phosphorylation of
      basic proteins such as protamine or histone. The protein kinase is not stimulated
      by cyclic 3', 5'-AMP or -GMP over a concentration range of 10(-6)-10(-4)M.
      Furthermore, protein kinase activity is not inhibited by either the regulatory
      subunit of rabbit muscle protein kinase or by the heat-stable inhibitor of cyclic
      3', 5'-AMP-dependent protein kinases. Protein kinase activity is stimulated by
      KCl or NH4Cl and is inhibited by MnCl2. The apparent Km values, determined in the
      presence of 4 mM Mg2+, are 0.02 mM for ATP, and 4.1 mM for GTP.

PMID- 178357
TI  - Phosphorylation of double-stranded DNAs by T4 polynucleotide kinase.
AB  - The phosphorylation by T4 polynucleotide kinase of various double-stranded DNAs
      containing defined 5'-hydroxyl end group structures has been studied. Particular
      emphasis was placed on finding conditions that allow complete phosphorylation.
      The DNAs employed were homodeoxyoligonucleotides annealed on the corresponding
      homopolymers, DNA duplexes corresponding to parts of the genes for alanine yeast
      tRNA, and a suppressor tyrosine tRNA from Escherichia coli. The rate of
      phosphoylation of DNAs with 5'-hydroxyl groups in gaps was approximately ten
      times slower than for the corresponding single-stranded DNA. At low
      concentrations of ATP, 1 muM, incomplete phosphorylation was obtained, whereas
      with higher concentrations of ATP, 30 muM, complete phosphorylation was achieved.
      In the case of DNAs with 5'-hydroxyl groups at nicks  approximately 30%
      phosphorylation could be detected using 30 muM ATP. A DNA containing protruding
      5'-hydroxyl group ends was phosphorylated to completion using the same conditions
      as for single-stranded DNA, i.e., a ratio between the concentrations of ATP and
      5'-hydroxyl groups of 5:1 and a concentration of ATP of approximately 1 muM. For
      a number of DNAs containing protruding 3'-hydroxyl group ends and one DNA
      containing even ends incomplete phosphorylation was found under similar
      conditions. For all these DNAs a plateau level was observed varying from 20 to
      45% of complete phosphorylation. At 20 muM and higher ATP concentrations, the
      phosphorylation was complete also for these DNAs. With low concentrations of ATP
      a rapid production of inorganic phosphate was noted for all the latter DNAs. The
      apparent equilibrium constants for the forward and reverse reaction were
      determined for a number of different DNAs, and these data revealed that the
      plateau levels of phosphorylation obtained at low concentrations of ATP for DNAs
      with protruding 3'-hydroxyl group and even ends is not a true equilibrium
      resulting from the forward and reverse reaction. It is suggested that the plateau
      levels are due to formation of inactive enzyme-substrate and enzyme-product
      complexes. For all double-stranded DNAs tested, except DNAs containing protruding
      5'-hydroxyl group ends, addition of KCl to the reaction mixture resulted in a
      drastic decrease in the rate of phosphorylation, as well as in the maximum level
      phosphorylated. Spermine, on the other hand, had little influence. Both of these
      agents have previously been shown to activate T4 polynucleotide kinase using
      single-stranded DNAs as substrates (Lillehaug, J.R., and Kleppe, K. (1975),
      Biochemistry 14, 1221). The inhibition of phosphorylation of double-stranded DNAs
      by salt might be the result of stabilization of the 5'-hydroxyl group regions of
      these DNAs.

PMID- 178358
TI  - Estrogen binding proteins of calf uterus. Inhibition of aggregation and
      dissociation of receptor by chemical perturbation with NaSCN.
AB  - Sodium thiocyanate up to 0.5 M is compatible with a stable estradiol-t-receptor
      complex during sucrose gradient centrifugation; however, the maximum permissible
      concentration in 0.1 M during Sephadex G-100 and G-200 chromatography. When NaSCN
      0.1 M is added to low-salt cytosol (approximately 7 mg of protein/ml); (1) age
      dependent aggregation of receptor is inhibited; (2) peaks of estrogen-binding
      activity in sucrose gradients and on Sephadex chromatography are sharp; (3)
      instead of the usual larger molecular states ("8S") found in low salt, most of
      estrogen receptor is under the following form: 4.1S; Stokes radius, 36 A; mol wt
      61 000; flfo, 1.25; homogeneous at electrofocusing, with isoelectric point at
      6.0. When cytosol containing NaSCN 0.1 M is diluted down to 2-3 mg of protein/ml
      or, only for sucrose gradients, NaSCN concentration is increased to 0.4-0.5 M,
      the 61000 dalton species decreases, being substituted, without loss of bound
      estradiol-t, by the following estrogen-binding entity: 28S; Stokes radius, 28 A;
      mol wt 32 000; flfo, 1.44. In the presence of NaSCN, KCl up to 0.4 M does not
      affect in a significant manner the molecular properties of the above forms. When
      NaSCN is dialyzed out, most receptor reverts to a 8-9S state. When cytosol is
      preincubated with Ca2+ (4 mM) and KCl (0.4 M) before addition of NaSCN, the above
      picture is modified only in the following aspects: (1) Sephadex chromatography
      peaks are broader and slightly but reproducibly shifted toward higher elution
      volumes; (2) the electrofocusing pattern consists of a two-peak heterogeneous
      band shifted toward higher pH (isoelectric points 6.4 and 6.6); (3) upon dialysis
      of NaSCN there is little or no reversion to faster sedimenting states. These
      modifications appear to depend on limited proteolytic attack of receptor by Ca2+ 
      activated receptor transforming factor (RTF), not on binding of Ca2+ to receptor.
      Present data suggest that the 4.1S entity is a dimer resulting from side-by-side
      pairing of 2.8S subunits. Molecular dimension of larger receptor forms purified
      from cytosol are consistent with the hypothesis that under native conditions in
      vivo dimers are coupled end-by-end into tetrameric structures with two stronger
      (between subunits) and two weaker (between dimers) bonding regions, and that
      tetramers may further self-associate. While NaSCN reversibly releases native
      dimers and subunits by direct impairment of intersubunit bonds, Ca2+ activated
      RTF irreversibly and specifically releases slightly modified, about 60000 mol wt
      dimers, by preferential proteolytic attack of the weaker bonding regions and
      indirect destruction of involved bonds. In vivo, this effect of RTF may be
      instrumental in mobilization and nuclear penetration of receptor-estradiol
      complex. Heteroassociation of receptor with other proteins of cytosol is not
      excluded by the above hypothesis.

PMID- 178359
TI  - Characterization of the plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins of the Erythrocebus
      patas monkey.
AB  - Patas monkey lipoproteins were fractionated into four distinct classes by a
      combination of ultracentrifugation and Geon-Pevikon block electrophoresis and
      characterized with respect to their chemical and physical properties. Very low
      density lipoproteins (VLDL) were isolated at d is less than 1.006, were
      triglyceride rich, and were in the size range 300-850 A. They were similar in
      apoprotein content to the VLDL of man, dog, and swine. The Patas monkey low
      density lipoprotein referred to as LDL-I had beta mobility and a size which
      ranged from 190 to 240 A in diameter. Their chemical composition and apoprotein
      content were similar to those of human LDL. A second low density lipoprotein
      referred to as LDL-II occurred at a density of 1.05-1.085, ranged in size from
      190 to 300 A, and contained the B, arginine-rich, and A-I apoproteins.
      Differences between LDL-I and LDL-II included a higher sialic acid content for
      LDL-II and lipid to protein ratios of 3.7 and 3.0 for LDL-I and LDL-II,
      respectively. In addition, the LDL-II, but not LDL-I, reacted immunochemically
      with antisera prepared to human Lp(a). The physical, chemical, and immunochemical
      properties indicated that monkey LDL-II were equivalent to the human Lp(a). Patas
      monkey HDL, equivalent to human HDL, were protein and phospholipid rich and
      ranged in size from 70 to 100 A in diameter. The two major HDL apoproteins, A-I
      and A-II, were isolated from apo-HDL by column chromatography. The amino-terminal
      sequence of Patas A-I showed striking homology to that reported for human, dog,
      and swing A-I. The amino acid composition of monkey A-II was very similar to that
      of human A-II; however, unlike human A-II, the monkey apoprotein was shown to
      exist as a monomer similar to that reported for Rhesus monkey A-II. The
      similarities between the plasma lipoproteins of the monkey and of man suggest
      that the Patas monkey would serve as a suitable model for metabolic studies.

PMID- 178361
TI  - Study of the transverse diffusion of spin labeled phospholipids in biological
      membranes. I. Human red bloods cells.
AB  - Spin labeled analogs of phosphatidylcholine were used to study the transverse
      diffusion (flip-flop) of phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane. The nitroxide
      spin label was placed either on the beta acyl chain or on the choline group.
      These labeled phosphatidylcholine molecules were incorporated into the membrane
      by incubation of the red cells at 22 degrees C with sonicated spin-labed
      phosphatidylcholine vesicles from which all traces of free fatty acids and lyso
      derivatives were carefully removed by bovine serum albumin treatment. This
      incorporation did not provide any change in the morphology of the cell as
      indicated by scanning electron microscopy. When spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine,
      having a nitroxide on the beta chain but near the polar head-group, was
      incorporated into the erythrocyte membrane, ascorbate treatment at 0 degrees C
      allows selective reduction of the signal coming from the outer layer of the
      membrane. When the label was on the polar head-group, the inner content of the
      erythrocyte rapidly reduced the label facing the cytoplasm, thus creaging a
      spontaneous anisotropy of the labeling. The anisotropic distribution of spin
      labeled phosphatidylcholine in the erythrocyte membrane was found to be stable at
      22 and 37 degrees C for more than 4 h. It is therefore concluded that the rate of
      outside-inside and inside-outside transition is so slow that the anisotropic
      distribution of the phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane can be maintained
      during cell life.

PMID- 178360
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a dog serum lipoprotein having apolipoprotein A
      I as its predominant protein constituent.
AB  - The serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) of normolipemic dogs (beagles) were
      isolated in the density range of p 1.063 to 1.21 g/ml, and characterized in terms
      of composition and physical properties (flotation and diffusion coefficients,
      partial specific volume, molecular weight, electrophoretic mobility, ultraviolet
      absorption, and circular dichroism). The results indicated that canine HDL is a
      relatively homogeneous class with a molecular weight of about 230 000 and general
      properties similar to those reported for human HDL. After delipidation, the
      resulting apolipoprotein, apo-HDL, was fractionated by Sephadex G-200 column
      chromatography in urea or guanidine hydrochloride solutions. About 90% of the apo
      HDL consisted of a protein with a molecular weight of about 28 000, similar in
      amino acid composition to human apolipoprotein A-I and having the same NH2
      terminus (aspartic acid) and COOH terminus (glutamine) and no carbohydrates. Two
      other proteins were isolated, one having an apparent mol wt of 55 000 and
      representing, at least in part, an aggregate of apolipoprotein A-I and the other
      component with a mol wt of 8000, not yet characterized. The results indicate that
      canine HDL, as an intact complex, has general physical properties that lie
      between those reported for human HDL2 and HDL3, and that it differs
      compositionally from the human products mainly in its predominant content of apo
      A-I. These findings together with evidence for the relatively homogeneous nature
      of the canine HDL provide new prospects for unraveling the relationship between
      polypeptide composition and HDL structure.

PMID- 178362
TI  - Study of the transverse diffusion of spin-labeled phospholipids in biological
      membranes. II. Inner mitochondrial membrane of rat liver: use of
      phosphatidylcholine exchange protein.
AB  - Spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine was incorporated into the membrane of isolated
      "inner membrane+matrix" particles of rat liver mitochondria by incubation with
      sonicated spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine vesicles at 22 degrees C. When the
      spin label was on the acyl chain the incorporation of phosphatidylcholine into
      the membrane was stimulated by the presence of the phosphatidylcholine exchange
      protein extracted from rat or beef liver. On the other hand no stimulation was
      observed when the nitroxide was on the polar head-group. When spin-labeled
      phosphatidycholine was incorporated into the mitochondrial membrane in the
      absence of phosphatidylcholine exchange protein, ascorbate treatment at 0 degrees
      C reduced the EPR signal of the spin-labeled membranes by approximately 50%,
      indicating that fusion incorporates molecules equally on both sides of the
      membrane. On the other hand when spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine was
      incorporated in the presence of the exchange protein most of the EPR signal could
      be destroyed by the ascorbate treatment at 0 degrees C, indicating that the spin
      labeled phosphatidylcholine had been selectively incorporated in the outer layer
      of the membrane. Finally when the label is on the polar head-group the inner
      content of mitochondria reduces the label facing the matrix, thus creating again
      an anisotropy of the labeling. The anisotropic distribution of spin-labeled
      phosphatidylcholine in the mitochondrial membrane was found to be stable at 25
      degrees C for more than 2 h. It is therefore concluded that the rate of outside
      inside and inside-outside transitions are extremely slow (half-life greater than
      24 h).

PMID- 178363
TI  - Regulation of uracil uptake in Escherichia coli by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.
AB  - Culture of a wild-type strain of Escherichia coli in the presence of cyclic AMP
      leads to an impairment of uracil uptake. Half maximum inhibition of uracil uptake
      was observed at 1.5 mM cyclic AMP. The effect seems to be specific since no
      inhibition was found in cultures supplemented with ATP, ADP or 5'-AMP. Similarly
      the inhibition was not observed in cultures of a mutant deficient in the cyclic
      AMP receptor protein. The inhibition in uracil uptake, found in bacteria cultured
      in the presence of cyclic AMP, is not a consequence of a reduction in the growth
      rate. On the other hand, this inhibition was observed only in cultures containing
      glucose or pyruvate as carbon source.

PMID- 178365
TI  - Motion of spin-labeled fatty acids in murine macrophages. Relation to cellular
      phagocytic activity.
AB  - Macrophage membrane fluidity was investigated with respect to cellular phagocytic
      activity through the use of fatty acid spin labels. Spin-labeled fatty acid
      derivatives were incorporated into intact mouse peritoneal macrophages by
      exchange from bovine serum albumin. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of
      the spin-labeled fatty acids in the macrophages showed a pronounced temperature
      dependence and a decrease in the hyperfine splittings (2 T11) of the spectra as
      the nitroxide radical was moved away from the polar head group of the fatty acid
      derivatives. Spin-labeled macrophages underwent a time- and temperature-dependent
      decay, which was inhibited by preincubating the cells with mercuric chloride,
      heating at 56 degrees C, or by fixing them with 0.25% glutaraldehyde. No
      correlation between the phagocytic activity of macrophages and membrane freedom
      of motion could be demonstrated. Treatment of macrophages with anti-macrophage
      serum or extended in vitro cultivation inhibited cellular phagocytic activity but
      exerted no effect on the motional freedom of the macrophage membrane. Enrichment
      of the fatty acid composition of the macrophage membrane with cis- or trans
      unsaturated fatty acids had striking effects on cellular phagocytic activity,
      while no significant changes could be detected in the freedom of motion of
      incorporated fatty acid spin labels at the degree of specific enrichment achieved
      here. Thus no correlation between cellular phagocytic activity and lipid motion
      could be detected.

PMID- 178364
TI  - Concanavalin A stimulation modifies the lipid and protein structure or rabbit
      thymocyte plasma membranes. A laser raman study.
AB  - (1) We have compared the laser Raman spectra of isolated plasma membranes from
      resting rabbit thymocytes and cells mitogenically stimulated with concanavalin A.
      (2) Major alterations in the CH stretching, CH deformation and CC stretching
      regions indicate a different lipid architecture in the membranes from activated
      cells. (3) Spectral changes in the Amide I and II regions, by reference to the
      spectra of model compounds indicate greater protein amidation in the membranes
      from stimulated cells.

PMID- 178366
TI  - Characterization of the parathyrin receptor in renal plasma membranes by labelled
      hormone and labelled antibody binding techniques.
AB  - The parathyrin receptor in renal cortex has been investigated by studying the
      binding of 125I-labelled parathyrin, or of unlabelled parathyrin detected with
      125I-labelled antibodies, to a partially purified plasma membrane fraction. The
      kinetics of hormone uptake demonstrated a biphasic response in both systems at 22
      degrees C but this phenomenon was not detectable at 37 degrees C. Specific
      displacement of lactoperoxidase labelled 125I-labelled parathyrin occurred with 8
      ng unlabelled bovine parathyrin. The apparent affinity constant was 2.3-10(8) M(
      1) and the apparent binding capacity of the membranes 1.25 pmol/mg protein. Using
      the labelled antibody technique the receptor showed maximal binding at pH 7.0
      7.5. As little as 80 pg bovine parathyrin produced a significant increase in
      binding of labelled anti-bovine parathyrin antibody and saturation of binding
      sites was demonstrated at 2.5 pmol/mg protein. Oxidized hormone showed
      undetectable binding. Treatment of membranes with phospholipases A or D, or
      Trypsin greatly reduced subsequent hormone binding. Prior incubation of membranes
      with 1-34 synthetic parathyrin decreased the binding of intact hormone whereas
      gastrin, insulin and glucagon had no effect. Growth hormone and calcitonin
      slightly increased parathyrin binding.

PMID- 178367
TI  - Energy-dependent Mn2+ and Ca2+ uptake by the embryonic chick chorioallantoic
      membrane.
AB  - The chick chorioallantoic membrane is an epithelial tissue which actively
      transports large amounts of Ca2+ during embryonic development. In this paper Mn2+
      uptake by the tissue was studied and compared to Ca2+ uptake in parallel
      experiments. The purpose of these experiments was to determine if Mn2+ could be
      used to gain more information about the Ca2+ transport system. It was found that
      Mn2+ uptake was reduced significantly under conditions that reduced Ca2+ uptake
      and that Mn2+, like Ca2+, was taken up preferentially by the ectodermal side of
      the tissue. Mn2+ uptake showed saturation kinetics with a Km of 0.33 MM. Mn2+
      uptake was also competitively inhibited by Ca2+, and Ca2+ uptake inhibited by
      Mn2+. Electron microprobe studies showed that Mn2+ was localized in the ectoderm
      of the tissue in the same way as Ca2+. It was concluded from these studies that
      significant amounts of Mn2+ were accumulated by the active Ca2+ transport
      mechanism and that Mn2+ could be useful paramagnetic probe of divalent cation
      transport in this tissue.

PMID- 178368
TI  - Gramicidin S-synthetase. Electrophoretic characterization of the multienzyme.
AB  - 1. A method characterizing the fully active gramicidin S-synthetase (EC. 6.3.2.-)
      multienzyme in protein mixtures by a combination of sedimentation and
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility data has been described. 2. The
      molecular weight of 280000 has been reevaluated by gradient centrifugation, gel
      filtration, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. The size of the multienzyme is not changed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      treatment. 3. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis dimerisation occurs in Tris,
      while two bands, which may represent monomer and dimer, are observed in
      phosphate. 4. Reliability of molecular weight determinations of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-protein complexes of sizes up to 300000 daltons has been determined,
      correlating either mobilities or retardation coefficients.

PMID- 178370
TI  - Affinity chromatography of thiamin pyrophosphokinase of rat brain.
AB  - Affinity column chromatography coupled with thiamin monophosphate absorbs thiamin
      pyrophosphokinase activity in the crude extract of rat brain, and the enzyme can
      be eluted from the column by 0.01 mM thiamin with approximately 700-fold
      purification.

PMID- 178369
TI  - Gramicidin S-synthetase. A further characterization of phenylalanine racemase,
      the light enzyme of gramicidin s-synthetase.
AB  - 1. Chromatography on hydroxyapatite and on aminohexyl-Sepharose as well as
      isoelectric focusing were introduced as new effective purification procedures for
      phenylalanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.11). The enzyme preparations obtained were
      essentially homogeneous, as demonstrated by specific activity measurements and
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2. The enzyme is not dissociable by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. 3. Phenylalanine racemase is an acidic protein with an
      isoelectric point of approx. 4.6 (isoelectric focusing). 4. The Michaelis
      constants of L-Phe and D-Phe in the aminoacyl adenylate activation are 0.06 and
      0.13 mM, respectively. 5. From our studies with structural analogues of
      phenylalanine we infer that the amino group of this amino acid is essential for
      its binding to the aminoacyl adenylate reaction center. The carboxyl group is not
      at all or only weakly bound. The benzene ring of phenylalanine which determines
      substrate recognition also seems to be of minor importance for substrate binding.

PMID- 178371
TI  - Studies on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Steady state kinetics.
AB  - The reaction catalyzed by IMP dehydrogenase (IMP: NAD+ oxidoreductase EC
      1.2.1.14) from Aerobacter aerogenes has been investigated kinetically at pH 8.1
      as a three reactant system by means of steady-state velocity studies in the
      absence of products, as well as by inhibition studies using products and
      substrate analogues. The mechanism appears to be a partially random one in which
      IMP and K+ can bind randomly to the free enzyme while NAD does not react unless
      K+  or both K+ and IMP are present on the enzyme. While the steady-state velocity
      data can be analysed adequately on the basis that rapid equilibrium conditions
      apply, this is only an approximate description of the mechanism since product
      inhibition studies indicate that there is a significant concentration of an
      enzyme-XMP (enzyme-K-XMP) complex in the steady-state.

PMID- 178372
TI  - Folates as inhibitors of glutamate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Folates and tetrahydrofolates inhibit beef liver glutamate dehydrogenase (EC
      1.4.1.2). Double reciprocal plats indicate a competitive inhibition for alpha
      ketoglutarate-glutamate by folic acid and methotrexate and a complex or mixed
      type for NAD-NADH site. Pteroic acid is not inhibitory at the concentrations
      studied. The addition of up to four gamma-linked glutamyl residues to folic and
      tetrahydrofolic acids increases the inhibition. Further chain elongation of the
      gamma-peptide had no effect on the inhibitory activity. The p-aminobenzoate poly
      gamma-glutamates were less inhibitory than the corresponding folyl
      polyglutamates.

PMID- 178373
TI  - Protein kinases and their substrates in brown adipose tissue from newborn rats.
AB  - The 10000 X g supernatant fraction of brown fat from newborn rats catalyzed the
      cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of both histone and a preparation of
      proteins from the same subcellular fraction (endogenous proteins). The apparent
      affinity for ATP was lower for the phosphorylation of the endogenous proteins
      than for the phosphorylation of histone. In order to discover whether the
      phosphorylation of histone and the endogenous proteins were catalyzed by
      different enzymes, the 100000 X g supernatant was fractionated by ion-exchange
      and adsorption chromatography. Three different cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      kinases and one cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase were separated and
      partially purified. Each of these enzymes catalyzed the phosphorylation of both
      substrates, and the difference in apparent Km for ATP remained. Neither affinity
      chromatography on histone-Sepharose, nor electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels
      resulted in the separation of the phosphorylation of histone from that of the
      endogenous proteins of any of the partially purified kinases. Moreover,
      experiments in which the phosphorylated substrates were separated by differential
      precipitation with trichloroacetic acid showed that the endogenous proteins
      competitively inhibited the phosphorylation of lysine-rich histone. It is
      concluded that each of the partially purified kinase preparations contains
      protein kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of both substrates. The
      difference in apparent Km for ATP was found to be due to the presence in the
      endogenous protein preparation of a low molecular weight compound which competes
      with ATP. This was not ATP nor the modulator protein. The ratio of the
      phosphorylation of endogenous proteins to that of histone was much higher for the
      cyclic AMP-independent kinase preparation than for the other enzymes.
      Electrophoresis of the endogenous substrates in the presence of sodium dodecyl
      sulphate showed that the enzyme phosphorylated a greater number of proteins than
      did the cyclic AMP-dependent kinases. The phosphorylation of endogenous proteins
      relative to that of histone was significantly lower for one of the cyclic AMP
      dependent kinases than for the other two. This difference was not reflected in a
      different pattern of phosphorylation of the individual proteins of the endogenous
      mixture.

PMID- 178374
TI  - Thiophosphate-activated phosphorylase kinase as a probe in the regulation of
      phosphorylase phosphatase.
AB  - Rabbit muscle nonactivated phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.1.38) is converted to
      thiophosphate-activated phosphorylase kinase by cyclic AMP dependent protein
      kinase, Mg2+ and ATP-gamma-S/adenosine-5'-O-(s-thiotriphosphate)/. The formation
      of thiophosphate-activated phosphorylase kinase wal also observed in the protein
      glycogen complex from skeletal muscle. This new form of kinase is resistant to
      the action of phosphatase and behaves as a competitive inhibitor in the
      dephosphorylation of phosphorylase alpha by phosphorylase phosphatase (Ki = 0.04
      mg per ml). The fact that the inhibitory effect of thiophosphate-activated
      phosphorylase kinase is 3 times higher than in the case of nonactivated kinase,
      may explain the transient inhibition of phosphorylase phosphatase in the protein
      glycogen complex. The use of activated (phosphorylated) phosphorylase kinase
      supports this assumption since it causes a delay in the dephosphorylation of
      phosphorylase alpha, i.e. the conversion of phosphorylase alpha into beta could
      start only after the dephosphorylation of activated phosphorylase kinase.

PMID- 178375
TI  - Collagenolytic activity from isolated bone cells.
AB  - A true collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) which had been discovered previously in bone
      culture fluids and extracts of whole bone has now been localized to the cellular
      component of bone. The cellular enzyme bears the same characteristics as that of
      bone collagenases described earlier. Moreover, it is directly extractable in
      relatively large quantities. Attempts to demonstrate the presence of a bone cell
      procollagease were unsuccessful. It was also observed that the cells secrete
      significant amounts of collagenase in vitro. With increasing incubation time the
      extracellular collagenase levels rise and the intracellular collagenase levels
      drop.

PMID- 178376
TI  - Purification and characterization of phosphodiesterase I from Bothrops atrox.
AB  - Phosphodiesterase I from the venom of Bothrops atrox has been purified by
      successive chromatography on phosphocellulose P-11, hydroxyapatite, and DEAE
      cellulose DE 52. The final product gave a single band on sodium dodecylsulfate
      polyacrylamide gels and was free of endonuclease, 5' -nucleotidase, and
      unspecific alkaline phosphatase activity. It was concentrated in an Amicon
      ultrafiltrator without loss of activity and could be stored in 10 mM magnesium
      acetate and 10% glycerol at 4 degrees C for at least a year. Under optimal
      conditions, the enzyme reaction required 15 mM Mg2+ and a pH of 9.2.
      Phosphodiesterase I is relatively thermostable and, in the presence of a
      macromolecular substrate, was not denatured after 4 h at 55 degrees C. The pure
      enzyme offers new possibilities for sequence studies on highly structured nucleic
      acids at elevated temperatures.

PMID- 178377
TI  - Identification of DNA in the core component of avian myeloblastosis virus.
AB  - Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) was found to contain DNA associated with the
      virion. The viral envelope was removed by treating the virus with a nonionic
      detergent and the DNA was found in the core fraction. These experiments indicate
      that the DNA associated with tumor virus is not contaminant associated with the
      viral envelope and suggest that the DNA is part of the internal core component.
      The DNA from avian myeloblastosis virus has a density of 1.70 g/cm3.

PMID- 178378
TI  - Electron transfer between protein and DNA in gamma-irradiated
      deoxyribonucleoprotein.
AB  - When deoxyribonucleoprotein-proflavine complexes were studied by electron spin
      resonance spectroscopy following gamma-irradiation, it was found that stable free
      radicals were not formed at random on the complex but were preferentially located
      on proflavine. Since proflavine intercalalated to DNA bases serves as a final
      acceptor of electrons liberated by ionization, the result of our experiment was
      regarded as suggesting that the electron transfer from the protein moiety to the
      DNA moiety occurred in the irradiated deoxyribonucleoprotein.

PMID- 178379
TI  - Repair replication in human cells. Simplified determination utilizing
      hydroxyurea.
AB  - A simplified and shortened procedure has been developed for the determination of
      repair replication of DNA in cultured mammalian cells. The procedure, using the
      bromodeoxyuridine density label and a radio-isotopic label has been applied to
      normal diploid human cells (WI38) and to their SV40 transformants (VA13). After
      incubation with the repair label the cells are lysed and digested for two hours
      at 50 degrees C with proteinase K. This digest can then be immediately subjected
      to alkaline cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation with no need for DNA
      extraction. Hydroxyurea is used to reduce the level of semi-conservative
      synthesis that a quantitative determination of repair replication can be
      accomplished by a single centrifugation. The method is not affected by variation
      in the effectiveness of the inhibitor although a small amount of semi
      conservative synthesis normally occurs in the presence of the drug. The time
      course of repair replication in WI38 cells is unaffected by the drug. The
      apparent amount of repair synthesis in ultraviolet irradiated cells is increased
      25 to 40% in the presence of hydroxyurea when thymidine is used as tracer. Under
      certain conditions in which the level of semiconservative synthesis is low (e.g.,
      contact inhibited cells, high ultraviolet doses) the use of hydroxyurea is
      unnecessary.

PMID- 178380
TI  - Possible interaction of cyclic nucleotides with the prolactin stimulation of
      casein synthesis in mouse mammary gland explants.
AB  - During a 10-h incubation, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors, viz.
      theophylline and quinine, were found to reduce by 40-50% the rate of [3H] leucine
      incorporation into casein in mammary gland explants from midpregnant mice.
      Further, dibutyryl cyclic AMP as well as the phosphodiesterase inhibitors were
      found to abolish the prolactin stimulation of leucine incorporation into casein.
      Elevated levels of cyclic AMP therefore appear to impair the functionality of the
      mammary gland. Although cyclic GMP was previously shown to stimulate RNA
      synthesis in the mammary gland in a prolactin-like manner, it had no effect on
      the rate of casein synthesis in mammary gland explants. Preincubation of explants
      with cyclic GMP did, however, attenuate the time required for the commencement of
      the prolactin stimulation of the rate of leucine incorporation into casein. A
      physiological role of cyclic GMP for the regulation of the rate of casein
      synthesis is thus suggested.

PMID- 178381
TI  - Proton translocation reactions in the respiratory chains.

PMID- 178382
TI  - The function of tubulin in motile systems.

PMID- 178383
TI  - [Lipid oxidation in bilayer lipid membranes linked with the reaction of oxidation
      of NAD.H by atmospheric oxygen].
AB  - It is shown that along with NAD.H oxidation with air oxygen peroxide oxidation of
      lipids forming the membrane takes place in bilayer lipid membranes modified with
      ubiquinone. During nicotin amide oxidation proton absorption takes place.
      Peroxide oxidation of lipids results in the liberation of H+ ions, which in its
      turn brings about the formation of protone-deficient or enriched (against aqueous
      solution) layers adjacent to the membrane. The potential value on the membrane is
      shown to depend on nicotine amide and oxygen concentration, on ubiquinone
      presence and lipid composition of the membrane. It has been also indicated that
      the transmembrane potential difference is initiated with a sharp change of
      aqueous solution pH by 0.05--0.4 units.

PMID- 178385
TI  - Heats of binding protons to globular proteins.

PMID- 178384
TI  - Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase: a review of the roles of the heme and copper
      cofactors in catalysis.
AB  - L-Tryptophan, 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11) has been purified to homogenity
      from L-tryptophan induced Pseudomonas acidovorans (ATCC 11299b) and from L
      tryptophan and cortisone induced rat liver. The enzyme from both sources is
      composed of four subunits and contains two g-atoms copper and two moles heme per
      mole tetramer. The proteins from the two sources are not identical. Three
      oxidation states of tryptophan oxygenase have been isolated: (1) fully oxidized,
      [Cu(II)]2[Ferriheme]2; (2) half reduced, [Cu(i)]2[ferriheme]2; and (3) fully
      reduced, [Cu(I)]2[ferroheme]2. Catalytic activity is dependent solely on the
      presence of Cu(I) in the enzyme, the heme may be either ferro or ferri. The
      presence of Cu(II) in the enzyme results in a requirement for an exogenous
      reductant, such as ascorbate, in order to elicit enzymic activity. Ligands, such
      as cyanide and carbon monoxide, can inhibit catalysis by binding to either or to
      both the copper and heme moieties. Metal complexing agents, such as
      bathocuproinesulfonate and bathophenanthrolinesulfonate, can inhibit catalysis by
      binding to Cu(I) resent only in catalytically active enzyme molecules. During
      catalysis by the fully reduced form of the enzyme, molecular oxygen binds to the
      heme moieties, while during catalysis by the half reduced form of the enzyme it
      does not, presumably binding instead to the Cu(I) moieties. Enzymes that catalyze
      similar reactions have been purified from other sources. Indoleamine 2,3
      dioxygenase appears to be a heme protein, but its copper content is unknown.
      Pyrrolooxygenases appear to be completely different enzymes, although they have
      not yet been purified to homegeneity.

PMID- 178386
TI  - Analysis of estrogen glucuronides. I--Characterization of estrogen glucuronides
      by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
AB  - The mass spectral characterization of nine kinds of estrogen glucuronides was
      investigated. The glucuronides were analysed after conversion to n-propyl ester-O
      TMS ether derivatives by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The fragmentation
      of these derivatives is discussed using deuterium labels and TMS-d9 imidazole. A
      clear-cut difference was found between aliphatic and aromatic glucuronic acid
      conjugates. In particular the [M - 362]+- fragment ion was characteristic in the
      mass spectra of estrogen 3-glucuronides. On the other hand, four isomers of
      estriol and 16-epiestriol glucuronides containing an aliphatic acetal linkage
      were also characterized by the fragment ions of m/e value 204, 345, 415, and 431
      and their relative intensities. Thus, all nine estrogen glucuronides were
      discriminated mass spectrometrically.

PMID- 178387
TI  - Characterization of sand as a support for immobilized enzymes.
AB  - The potential of sand as a support for immobilized enzymes was investigated by
      preparing alkylamine sand and devising methods to measure the total number of
      amine groups present and the fraction available for immobilization of enzymes.
      Alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1.) and lactate
      dehydrogenase (L-lactate:NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) were immobilized on
      alkylamine sand, and the stability of the immobilized protein and dehydrogenase
      activity was measured. Urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) was also
      immobilized on sand to test the applicability of these methods to larger scale
      immobilizations. Results suggest that sand shows promise as a support for
      immobilized enzymes.

PMID- 178388
TI  - [Activity of energy metabolism related enzymes in the myocardium and liver
      following administration of large doses of noradrenaline].
AB  - The activity of the glycolytic enzymes and of the glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were compared with the content of noradrenaline in rat
      myocardium and the liver after the intraperitoneal injection of high doses of
      noradrenaline. It was shown that 24 hours after int noradrenaline injection which
      caused exhaustion of endogenous catecholamine supply, the lactate content and the
      activities of lactic dehydrogenase were increased in the myocardium; the activity
      of hexokinase and G-6-PDH in rat myocardium and the liver were also increased,
      whereas the glucokinase activity was decreased. In these experiments alterations
      of the enzyme activities were shown to be similar to the alterations in the
      dystrophic tissues in which the catecholamine content was sharply decreased. The
      role of the sympathetic nervous system and its mediators in the mechanism of the
      enzyme regulation of the energy metabolism in the myocardium and the liver is
      discussed.

PMID- 178389
TI  - [Pyruvate kinase activity in the liver of rats with induced tumors].
AB  - M-isozyme pyruvate kinase activity proved to be elevated in the liver of rats
      with hepatoma induced by p-dimethylaminoazobenzene. Sodium fluoride surplus in
      rat diet prevented the increase of this isozyme activity.

PMID- 178391
TI  - Derivation of the Weber-Fechner law and the Loewenstein equation as the steady
      state response of an Elovich solid state biological system.

PMID- 178392
TI  - [Association of a choroidal malignant melanoma and reticulohistiocytoma].

PMID- 178390
TI  - [Leukemia viruses].

PMID- 178393
TI  - Treatment of drug addicts: a six years' experiment.

PMID- 178394
TI  - Some observations on blood amino acid concentrations during L-leucine loading
      tests on a patient with an insulin producing tumor.

PMID- 178395
TI  - Implicit-shape constancy as a factor in pictorial perception.
AB  - Schoolboys from the Ivory Coast and from Kenya were tested on a simple task
      intended to detect the effect of implicit-shape constancy. The presence of such
      an effect was confirmed. Comparison of two Ivorean subsamples differing in their
      responses to a request to build a model of a depicted structure showed that those
      subjects who build flat (2D) models were less influenced by the implicit-shape
      constancy than those subjects who built three-dimensional structures. This
      confirms a postulated link between the implicit constancy and perception of
      pictorial depth.

PMID- 178396
TI  - Enzyme inhibition in colorectal surgery.
AB  - Anastomotic dehiscence is particularly common after low anterior resection of the
      rectum. The enzyme collagenase is largely responsible for this high complication
      rate. Inhibition of this enzyme in an experimental model produced significantly
      stronger colonic anastomoses. There may be a place for such an inhibitor in
      clinical surgery.

PMID- 178397
TI  - The treatment of mixed parotid tumours by enucleation and radiotherapy.
AB  - A series of mixed parotid tumours treated by simple enucleation and radiotherapy
      between 1962 and 1968 is discussed. There were 73 primary and 8 recurrent cases.
      Only 2 small recurrences occurred in the 73 primary cases, although 4 other
      patients were lost to follow-up after 7 years or more. In the 8 recurrent cases,
      7 had been treated elsewhere by enucleation alone, thus confirming the opinion
      that this operation is frequently unsuccessful. Treatment was by further local
      excision and radiotherapy and no recurrences have occurred. The view is therefore
      expressed that simple enucleation and radiotherapy is the treatment of choice in
      all primary mixed parotid tumours.

PMID- 178398
TI  - Ovarian tumours in childhood: a 27-year review.
AB  - Twenty-five children treated for ovarian neoplasms at the Royal Hospital for Sick
      Children, Yorkhill,Glasgow, between 1947 and 1974 are reported. Eight of the
      patients had malignant tumours and 17 benign. The patients with benign tumours
      were treated by either salpingo-oophorectomy or oophorectomy. The malignant cases
      were treated with either surgery alone or in combination with deep X-ray therapy
      and/or chemotherapy. Two patients died of malignant teratoma, but the remaining 6
      with malignant teratoma, dysgerminoma or endodermal sinus are well. The
      management of these patients is discussed.

PMID- 178399
TI  - Plasma cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate response to glucagon in patients
      with liver disease.
AB  - The change in plasma cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate (AMP) was measured
      after intravenous injection of 1 mg of glucagon in 10 normal subjects and 30
      patients with various forms of liver disease. Patients with cirrhosis and those
      with intrahepatic cholestasis responded normally but in patients with
      extrahepatic obstruction the plasma cyclic AMP response was considerably
      increased. Six of the eight patients with cirrhosis and a surgically created
      portacaval shunt had very reduced responses. This test may prove to be
      diagnostically important, particularly in differentiating surgical from non
      surgical jaundice.

PMID- 178400
TI  - Secondary dyserythropoietic activity resembling Di Guglielmo's disease in sickle
      cell anaemia.

PMID- 178401
TI  - Editorial: Wilm's tumour.

PMID- 178402
TI  - Polyneuropathy after perhexiline maleate therapy.

PMID- 178404
TI  - Letter: Wilm's tumor.

PMID- 178403
TI  - Editorial: Ectopic secretion by tumours.

PMID- 178405
TI  - Attachment of gonococci to sperm. Influence of physical and chemical factors.
AB  - Neisseria gonorrhoeae of pilated T1 and nonpilated T4 colony types attached
      themselves to human sperm in greatest numbers and most reproducibly when
      suspensions of the cells were incubated at 35 degrees C in Ringer's solution, pH
      6-8. After incubation for 15 or 30 min. in a water bath shaker, 50 per cent. of
      human sperm had T1 gonococci attached and 25 per cent. T4. Sperm and both types
      of gonococci were pre-incubated separately with various chemical agents, selected
      because the agent is found in genital fluids, or has a known effect on bacterial
      cell walls or sperm membrane. After treatment, sperm were washed or were not
      washed, and were then tested for attachment by mixture with untreated gonococci.
      Treated gonococci were handled in the same manner. Change in the percentage of
      attachment was defined as deviation from the range expected on the basis of a
      standard curve. Treatment of sperm with the nucleotides, ATP or cAMP, curtailed
      attachment by T1 gonococci but had no effect on attachment by T4.

PMID- 178406
TI  - Penicillin decreases chloride conductance in crustacean muscle: a model for the
      epileptic neuron.
AB  - The effects of penicillin were studied on the neuromuscular preparation of the
      ghost crab, Ocypoda cursor. Penicillin in doses lower than 2 mM reduced both the
      amplitude of inhibitory junction potentials and conductance increases induced by
      external application of GABA. The nature of the latter effect appears to be 2
      fold, a weaker competitive inhibition and a more powerful non-competitive effech
      which may be ionophore blockade. Penicillin in concentrations above 2 mM
      diminished resting conductance, especially that of chloride. The action of
      penicillin is, in general, to decrease chloride conductance in this preparation.
      The crustacean neuromuscular preparation may provide a useful analogue for
      understanding penicillin evoked epilepsy. The reduced chloride conductance could
      explain decreased inhibition, increased excitation and depolarization shifts in
      cortical neurons.

PMID- 178407
TI  - Reduced glucocorticoid binding site concentration in cortical neuronal perikarya
      from senescent rats.
AB  - Isolated neuronal perikarya from cerebral cortices of senescent (24-26-month-old)
      male rats exhibit a 55-65% reduction in the concentration of specific cytosol
      glucocorticoid binding sites when compared to mature counterparts (12-13 months).
      Neuronal preparations from the two age groups are essentially identical with
      respect to yield, protein content, physiochemical integrity and purity as judged
      by enrichment for free glycine and reduction in carbonic anhydrase specific
      activity (relative to unfractionated cortical cell suspensions). Adrenalectomy
      does not alter the number of glucocorticoid binding sites in either group, and
      age differences do not appear due to differential partitioning of sites between
      nucleus and cytoplasm. It is suggested that loss of receptors from the cortical
      neuron population represents a possible mechanism by which glucocorticoid
      responsiveness may be decreased during aging.

PMID- 178408
TI  - Cytochemical localization of cyclic 3', 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
      in the neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscle of the newt.
AB  - The localization of cyclic 3', 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity at the
      neuromuscular junction and in skeletal muscle of the newt was studied
      cytochemically. In the axon terminal, activity was localized to a site on the
      membranes of synaptic vesicles. In skeletal muscle, activity occurred in the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum but was restricted to the longitudinal tubules. Junctional
      folds of the motor end plate were unreactive. These findings are suggestive of a
      role of cyclic AMP in the functions of synaptic vesicles and sarcoplasmic
      reticulum and indicate its effects are terminated at these sites.

PMID- 178409
TI  - Climbing fiver activation and 3', 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
      content in cortex and deep nuclei of cerebellum.
AB  - Harmaline (28 mumoles/kg u.v.), cold exposure (4C) or isoniazid (2.2 mmoles/kg
      s.c.) increased the cGMP content in rat cerebellar cortex several fold. Isoniazid
      but not harmaline or cold exposure increased cGMP in the deep cerebellar nuclei
      (nuclei interpositus, vestibularis and fastigius) and striatum. In rats treated
      with the nicotinamide antagonist 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) (0.66 mumoles/kg i.p. 4
      days before) the tremorogenic effect of harmaline and the increase of cerebellar
      cortex cGMP produced by this alkaloid was abated. Similarly the increase of cGMP
      following exposure to cold was reduced. In contrast isoniazid and glutamate (10
      mumoles intraventricularly) increased cGMP to the same extent in control and 3-AP
      treated rats. Since 3-AP produces in rat a massive degeneration of the inferior
      olivary nucleus and of the climbing fibers but leaves intact all the other
      cerebellar elements, these experiments suggest that an increase of cGMP content
      in postsynaptic cerebellar elements (presumable Purkinje cells) may be an
      expression of an increased release of an excitatory transmitter from either the
      climbing fivers or the parallel fibers.

PMID- 178410
TI  - The action of norepinephrine in the rat hippocampus. III. Hippocampal cellular
      responses to locus coeruleus stimulation in the awake rat.
AB  - The behavioral and physiological effects of electrical stimulation of the nucleus
      locus coeruleus (LC) were studied in the awake rat. LC electrodes consistently
      supported high rates of self-stimulation (SS). LC stimulation also inhibited
      spontaneous cellular discharges in the hippocampus (HPC). Both the LC-induced
      inhibition of HPC units and the LC-evoked SS behavior were antagonized by alpha
      methyltyrosine and 6-hydroxydopamine. In addition, chlorpromazine and
      diethyldithiocarbamate antagonized LC-induced inhibition of HPC units. D
      Amphetamine facilitated SS behavior and reduced spontaneous HPC unit activity.
      The reinforcing properties of LC stimulation correlate closely with inhibition of
      cellular activity in the hippocampus; both actions appear to be mediated by
      norepinephrine.

PMID- 178412
TI  - [Plasma triglyceride metabolism].

PMID- 178414
TI  - [Traumatic deciduoma and delayed nidation in castrated pregnant rat after ACTH
      injection].
AB  - After administration of ACTH it is possible to obtain traumatic deciduomata in
      rats ovariectomized during early pregnancy and delayed implantation in rats
      ovariectomized day 4 of pregnancy and injected dayly with oestradiol from day 8
      or 9. The substance responsible seems to be Progesterone or Progesterone like
      corticoid.

PMID- 178411
TI  - The action of norepinephrine in the rat hippocampus. IV. The effects of locus
      coeruleus stimulation on evoked hippocampal unit activity.
AB  - Activity of neurons in the hippocampus (HPC) was recorded in awake, freely moving
      rats. Most cells were inhibited by either a loud auditory stimulus (tone) or by
      electrical stimulation of the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC). The inhibitory
      responses to the tone were antagonized by drugs that interfere with central
      noradrenergic transmission. When LC stimulation was used as the unconditioned
      stimulus in a classical conditioning paradigm, previously inhibitory responses to
      the tone were reinstituted. When behaviorally subthreshold LC stimulation
      preceded a tone which was correlated with food, the existing conditioned response
      to the tone was potentiated. These data suggest that the generalized inhibitory
      response of HPC neurons to a tone is modulated by the noradrenergic pathway and
      that experimental activation of LC can potentiate HPC responses to behaviorally
      significant conditioned stimuli.

PMID- 178413
TI  - [Subcellular localization of rat adipocyte lipoprotein lipase].
AB  - The sub-cellular localisation in rat fat cells of lipoprotein lipase is discussed
      in this paper. The lipoprotein lipase was found with maximum activity in the
      microsomal fraction. Some special features of this activity in membrane fraction
      are pointed out.

PMID- 178415
TI  - [Supppression of paradoxical sleep by chloramphenicol. Absence of effect by
      thiamphenicol].
AB  - The oral administration of 160-250 mg/kg of chloramphenicol selectively
      suppresses Paradoxical Sleep in the cat for a duration of 10-20 hours. Larger
      doses (330 mg/kg) suppress Paradoxical Sleep for 27 hours, but aslso decrease
      Slow Wave Sleep. At the same dose, Thiamphenicol has no effect.

PMID- 178416
TI  - [Corticotrope and melanotrope cells in cat, fox, rat and human fetus
      adenohypophysis: studies with induced fluorescence, cytoimmunologic technics and
      lead hematoxyline].
AB  - Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, acid-catalyzed or not, methods, and
      immunocytology with anti-ACTH (1-24), anti-ACTH(17-39), ANTI-BETA-LPH immunserums
      were applied on the same preparations of cat, fox, rat and human foetus
      pituitaries. The superpositions of results showed that the pars intermedia and
      pars distalis corticomelano-lipotrophic cells of fox and cat pituitary, those of
      human foetal pituitary, and the purely corticotrophics cells of the rat pars
      distalis contained a fluorogenic probably granular compound. Moreover, the
      granules of the same cell types were electively revealed on our lymphilized
      material by plombic hematoxylin. Only the anti-beta-LPH and/or anti-beta-MSH
      fixing celpls exhibited hypercyanophilic, PAS-positive and bleu alcian-positive
      caracteristics.

PMID- 178417
TI  - [Effect of chronic hypoxia (Fi02 = 0.06 - Fi02 = 0.08) on mouse liver cytochrome
      P450 and b5 content].
AB  - During a eight days period of chronic hypoxia (FiO2 : 0,06) the cytochrome P 450
      content of mice'liver decreases the 1st day, increases the 2nd and the 3rd day
      and decreases again and remains at a low levels. During a 13 days period of
      chronic hypoxia (FiO2 = 0,08) the P 450 level remains inchanged during 5 days. It
      decreases after until the 13teen day. G6Pase, an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme
      marker is quite inchanged in these conditions.

PMID- 178418
TI  - Studies on phosphoglyceromutase from chicken breast muscle: number and reactivity
      of sulfhydryl groups.
AB  - Phosphoglyceromutase (PGM) from chicken breast muscle was titrated with p
      mercuribenzoate (PMB), 5,5'-dithiobisnitrobenzoate (Nbs2), N-ethylmaleimide
      (NEM), iodoacetate and iodoacetamide. The effect of all of the sulfhydryl
      reagents, with the exception of NEM was to cause a loss in enzymatic activity.
      Addition of KCN following reaction with Nbs2 resulted in the recovery of a small
      amount of enzymatic activity. In the absence of substrate (3-phosphoglyceric
      acid) or cofactor (2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid) and in the presence or absence of
      6 M guanidine hydrochloride, six sulfhydryl groups per mole of enzyme were
      titrated with PMB.

PMID- 178419
TI  - Biosynthesis of sphingomyelin in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - Rat liver microsomal sphingomyelin synthetase (CDPcholine: N-acylspingosine
      choline phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.3)) has been shown to be markedly stimulated
      by ATP and pantothenic acid derivatives such as CoA, pantethine, pantetheine and
      4'-phosphopantetheine.

PMID- 178420
TI  - Studies of human papovavirus tumor antigen in experimental and human cerebral
      neoplasms.
AB  - Three types of papovaviruses (JC, BK, and SV40) have been isolated from man. All
      three are oncogenic in hamsters, cause frequent infection of man, and share a
      common T antigen. Augmentation of the expression of T antigen by in vitro
      cultivation of SV40-induced tumors of hamsters suggested that growing human brain
      tumors in vitro might provide an effective screening technique for the SV40
      virus. In a series of human brain tumors examined in cryostat sections and in
      tissue culture, T antigen could not be demonstrated, suggesting that by this
      immunofluorescent technique SV40 was not implicated in the etiology of these
      tumors.

PMID- 178421
TI  - Hydatidiform mole metastasizing to the lung.
AB  - Pulmonary lesions developed in three patients with an invasive hydatidiform mole.
      At open thoracotomy the modules were found to contain molar tissue. Therapy with
      twice-weekly methotrexate induced complete clinical and biologic remission of the
      disease in all three patients.

PMID- 178423
TI  - Corticosteroids and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in microsomal fractions from
      L5178Y lymphoma.
AB  - Microsomal fractions from mouse lymphoma L5178Y and from rat thymocytes were used
      to follow incorporation of radiolabel from cytidine diphosphate-[methyl
      14C]choline into microsomal lipids. Dexamethasone, at concentrations ranging from
      2.8 X 10(-6)M to 2.8 X 10(-5)M, partially inhibited this transfer reaction.
      Microsomes prepared from freshly isolated thymocytes were more sensitive to the
      effects of dexamethasone showing inhibition at concentrations of steroid as low
      as 2.8 X 10(-8)M. The inhibitory effect did not depend on the amount of the
      available endogenous diglycerides and was not related to a possible stimulation
      of cytidine diphosphate choline transferase back reaction by the steroid. The
      survey of a broad selection of different steroids revealed a lack of correlation
      between the known lymphocytolytic properties of steroids and their effects on
      cytidine diphosphate choline transferase. Dexamethasone was the only steroid of
      the glucocorticoid group that inhibited this reaction in microsomal fractions of
      L5178Y lymphoma. The structural requirement for the inhibitory effect was related
      to the absence of oxygen functions in positions 11 and 17 of the steroid and,
      possibly, to the presence of both C-20 and C-21 on the side chain.

PMID- 178424
TI  - Histogenesis and growth pattern of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The histogenesis and growth pattern of colon adenocarcinoma have been studied
      using 74 BD IX rats given 20 mg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride per kg, s.c.,
      weekly from Day 11 to their 24th week and serially sacrificed with controls.
      Modifications in DNA synthesis activity and early tumor changes were sought on
      histological and radioautographic preparations of normal-appearing colon mucosa.
      All visible colorectal tumors were analyzed for size, site, and pathology.
      Chronic dimethylhydrazine treatments resulted in a simultaneous increase in the
      number of both total and tritiated thymidine-labeled cells in the glands of
      Lieberkuhn. In addition, microscopic carcinomatous foci were observed after the
      15th week, and the first macroscopic adenocarcinomas appeared in 24-week-old
      animals. Their number thereafter exponentially increased with time. A total of
      252 macroscopic tumors were obtained, of which 14 were classified as signet ring
      cell carcinomas and 238 as adenocarcinomas. Among the latter, local invasion
      could be documented in 230, including the smallest. No benign polypcancer
      sequence could be demonstrated in this material. The average growth pattern of
      those adenocarcinomas could be adequately described by a Gompertz curve, with a
      short initial doubling time (e.g., 7.5 days in 1.0-cu mm tumors) that
      progressively increases with time (e.g., 59.6 days in 5000-cu mm tumors).

PMID- 178422
TI  - Nonimmunological host defenses: a review.
AB  - Nonimmunological defenses are very diverse in type. Some are directed against
      already transformed cells and belong to mechanisms of containment. Others exert a
      surveillance by preventing or inhibiting initial events of carcinogenesis.
      Chalones and oncolytic factors in sera and exudates are agents of containment.
      Under appropriate circumstances, the autoxidation of thiols and the formation of
      mixed disulfides lead to destruction of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Both
      processes involve the generation of superoxide radicals and of hydrogen peroxide
      which, in turn, activate the peroxide:peroxidase:halide system. Thiol:disulfide
      ratios and interchange codetermine the antioxidative activity of cellular
      membranes, thus bearing on carcinogenesis. Many aliphatic and aromatic
      antioxidants are endowed with anticarcinogenic properties. The fact that they are
      inhibitors of free radical processes corroborates the increasingly evident role
      of free radicals in carcinogenesis. Endogenous antioxidants and exogenous ones in
      foods are agents of surveillance. Antioxidant activity, linked with the
      ergastoplasm, points to a homeostatic mechanism that prevents self-accelerating
      chain reactions from leading to membrane damage or to carcinogenesis. Carcinogens
      can also be inactiviated by microsomal enzymes belonging to an overall mechanism
      of detoxification. Activity levels of these systems depend on diet and state of
      nutrition. They may be naturally very low, but they can be increased with various
      inducers.

PMID- 178425
TI  - Inhibited growth in vivo of a mouse pregnancy-dependent mammary tumor (TPDMT-4)
      by an antiestrogen, 2alpha, 3alpha-epithio-5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol (10275-S).
AB  - TPDMT-4 mammary tumors, characterized by growth during pregnancy and postpartum
      regression, grew continuously in DDD virgin mice carrying pituitary isografts or
      17 beta-estradiol plus progesterone pellets. In the experimental models, effects
      of 2alpha,3alpha-epithio-5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol(10275-S), testosterone, and
      ovariectomy were investigated. When tumors implanted with pituitary isografts
      into the fat pad reached palpable volumes, animals were ovariectomized or
      received 5 s.c. injections of 100 mug to 1 mg 10275-S or 300 mug testosterone
      weekly. Tumors regressed immediately after ovariectomy or after the start of
      10275-S treatment and after approximately the 10th day of testosterone treatment.
      Cystadenomatous morphology with strong secretory activity was noticed in treated
      animals. Tumor growth induced by 17beta-estradiol plus progesterone pellets was
      inhibited completely or partially by 3 s.c. injections of 50 to 500 mug 10275-S
      or 100 mug testosterone weekly starting from the day after tumor and 17beta
      estradiol plus progesterone pellet implantation.

PMID- 178426
TI  - Cell cycle-related hormone carcinogen interaction during chemical carcinogen
      induction of nodule-like mammary lesions in organ culture.
AB  - The immature mammary glands of BALB/c female mice were treated with 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), 2 micrograms/ml, or 3-methylcholanthrene (10
      micrograms/ml) for a 24-hr period at different times during the inital six days
      of lobuloalveolar growth in hormone-supplemented organ culture. Nodule-like
      alveolar lesions (NLAL) were detectable in 80% of the glands treated with DMBA
      (40% in 3-methylcholanthrene-treated glands) in the presence of insulin +
      prolactin + aldosterone + cortisol in the medium. No NLAL were present in
      dimethyl sulfoxide-treated control glands cultivated with the same hormones. The
      hormone combination insulin + prolactin + cortisol was unfavorable for NLAL
      induction by DMBA, and the combination of aldosterone + insulin + prolactin was
      only moderately conducive. Thus, the presence of cortisol with insulin +
      prolactin + aldosterone enhances NLAL incidence of mammary cells by DMBA. The
      highest incidence was found in glands that were treated with DMBA for 24 hr
      between the third and fourth day of culture, the period corresponding to the
      onset of the second wave of DNA synthesis in the gland. Cytotoxicity of DMBA was
      pronounced between 24 and 48 hr, when a high frequency of cells were in DNA
      synthesis, and survival of the cells after the cytotoxic effect of DMBA appeared
      to play a role in NLAL incidence. This suggests that DMBA-induction of NLAL in
      mammary glands in organ culture involves a complex carcinogen-hormone-cell cycle
      interaction. We emphasize that, although NLAL morphologically resembles the
      hyperplastic alveolar nodules of mouse mammary gland in vivo, the abilitity of
      NLAL to produce typical hyperactive alveolar outgrowth and mammary tumor after
      transplantation iv vivo remains to be determined.

PMID- 178428
TI  - Impaired host defense against XC cell-induced tumors in thymectomized and in
      bursectomized chickens.
AB  - XC cells originally derived from the tumor of a rat previously inoculated with
      the Prague strain of Rous sarcoma virus were used to induce tumors in chickens
      surgically thymectomized or bursectomized in the newly hatched period.
      Thymectomized chickens had a significantly higher incidence of tumors, larger
      tumors, and a higher tumor mortality, compared with control chickens, when both
      groups were given 5 X 10(6) XC cells into the wing webs. Bursectomy could
      significantly influence the tumor size only. It appeared that the capacity of XC
      cells to induce tumors and the growth of such tumors were subject to
      immunological influence, with the thymus playing a major and the bursa of
      Fabricus a minor role under the conditions used.

PMID- 178427
TI  - Inactivation of tumor cell-associated feline oncornavirus for preparation of an
      infectious virus-free tumor cell immunogen.
AB  - Ultraviolet (UV) and thermal methods of inactivating the oncogenic potential of C
      type particle-producing feline oncornavirus-induced tumor cells were developed.
      The techniques were evaluated by several parameters for their use in preparation
      of cellular immunogens. The UV inactivation dose required to reduce the number of
      focus-forming units per ml by 1 log10 for FL-74 lymphoblastoid cell-associated
      feline leukemia virus was 44,000 ergs/sq mm, and the thermal inactivation dose
      required to reduce the number of focus-forming units per ml by 1 log10 at 45
      degrees was 16 min. Inactivation of greater than 6 log10 of virus per ml
      associated with 4 x 10(8) cells required a UV dose of 270,000 ergs/sq mm, 100 min
      at 45 degrees or 3 min at 56 degrees. All three treatments concomitantly
      destroyed the replicating potential of FL-74 cells as shown by their inability to
      propagate under normal growth conditions and to incorporate [3H]thymidine into
      nuclear DNA. UV inactivation and thermal inactivation at 45 degrees allowed the
      best retention of feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. A 50%
      loss in antigenic activity was observed as a result of 56 degrees treatment, but
      this method was the only one that did not destroy the surface structural
      integrity of FL-74 cells.

PMID- 178429
TI  - Urinary excretion of cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate and cyclic adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate in rats bearing transplantable liver and kidney tumors.
AB  - Cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and cyclic adenosine 3':5
      monophosphate were measured in the urine of normal rats and those bearing
      transplantable liver and kidney tumors. The level of cyclic GMP ranged from 1.4
      to 1.6 mumoles/g urinary creatinine in several strains of rats without tumors.
      Rats bearing Morris hepatomas 20, 21, 9618A and 9633F and kidney tumor MK2 had
      urine levels of cyclic GMP from 1.3 to 3.6 mumoles/g creatinine. Rats bearing the
      fast growing hepatomas 9618A2 and 3924A and Morris kidney tumor MK3 had urinary
      values of 5.6. 41.9, and 32.7 mumoles cyclic GMP per g creatinine, respectively.
      Urine levels of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate ranged from 10.1 to 19.7
      mumoles/g creatinine in all normal and tumor-bearing rats and were not
      significantly different in any of the groups examined.

PMID- 178430
TI  - Multilaminar endoplasmic reticulum and abnormal mitosis in Hodgkin tumor cells.
AB  - A multilaminar alteration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been observed in
      tumor cells of eight patients with Hodgkin's disease and a patient with
      histiocytic lymphoma. These multilaminar structures are more numerous in dividing
      cells and thus appear to arise primarily during mitosis. The stacked membranes in
      the multilaminar structures possibly result from abnormal sticking of organelle
      membranes, as evidenced in this study of adherence of ER to other elements of ER,
      nuclear envelope, mitochondria, or lipid droplets. Multilaminar ER was identified
      in all mitotic tumor cells, a rare mitotic plasma cell, and numerous interphase
      Hodgkin cells. The paucity of multilaminar ER in normal mitotic cells and its
      virtual absence for normal interphase cells suggest that this structure
      represents a pathological alteration in tumor cells from patients with Hodgkin's
      disease and histiocytic lymphoma. The multilaminar defect of ER is associated
      with other atypical features of ER in Hodgkin tumor cells, including the
      excessive length and curving of ER profiles, the collapse of the ER cisternae,
      and the overall sparsity of this organelle. Other abnormalities observed in
      mitotic Hodgkin tumor cells include the presence of disorganized microtubules,
      large cytoplasmic vacuoles, and abnormally clumped chromosomal material and the
      persistence throughout mitosis of bodies suggestive of nucleoli and of the
      nuclear bodies of interphase cells.

PMID- 178431
TI  - Regulation of the adenylate cyclase system in transplantable hepatomas.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase systems were examined in purified membrane preparations from
      normal rat liver and several Morris hepatomas with differing growth rates. All
      tumor membrane preparations had lower relative specific activities than did liver
      preparations. Liver adenylate cyclase was stimulated by fluoride, glucagon and
      guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p]. Membranes from two slow-growing
      hepatomas (hepatomas 20 and 21) contained adenylate cyclase activities which are
      also stimulated by each of these three modulators. Membrane adenylate cyclases
      from several fast-growing hepatomas (hepatomas 3924A, 7777, 5123tc, and 9618A2)
      were marginally stimulated by glucagon but were readily stimulated by fluoride
      and Gpp(NH)p. Examination of the highly specific binding of 125I-glucagon to the
      various membrane preparations revealed much less binding in all the tumor
      membranes than in liver membranes. More detailed kinetic examination of membranes
      prepared from liver, slow-growing hepatoma 21 (which had reasonable binding to
      and stimulation by glucagon), and fast-growing hepatoma 3924A (which had marginal
      binding to and stimulation by glucagon) revealed major differences in rates of
      cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate production in the absence and presence of
      glucagon, Gpp(NH)p, and glucagon plus Gpp(NH)p and in the combined alteration of
      magnesium:adenosine 5'-triphosphate ratio and temperatures. The different kinetic
      characteristics in the hepatoma adenylate cyclase systems may be due to different
      structural characteristics of the tumor membranes or may be due to altered
      hormonal receptors, catalytic units, or receptor-catalytic unit
      interrelationships within the tumor membrane.

PMID- 178432
TI  - Inhibition of rat liver RNA polymerases by action of the methylating agents
      dimethylnitrosamine in vivo and methyl methanesulfonate in vitro.
AB  - Dimethylnitrosamine maximally inhibits rat liver nuclear RNA synthesis by 50% at
      a dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight. The inhibition develops during the first 4 hr
      and persists through the 12th hr. All parenchymal cells of the lever lobule seem
      to be affected. The decreased RNA synthesis can be accounted for entirely by an
      inhibition of the RNA polymerase activities quantitatively solubilized and
      partially purified. A similar inhibition of the polymerase activities was
      demonstrated in the intact nuclei by inactivating the endogenous template with
      actinomycin D and assaying the polymerases with an added exogenous template,
      poly(deoxy-adenylate-deoxythymidylate). Chromatin was prepared by two methods
      differing in the extent to which they remove the endogenous polymerase activity.
      Each preparation was transcribed with either added Escherichia coli or partially
      purified rat liver nucleoplasmic RNA polymerase. With either polymerase or
      chromatin preparation, no inhibition of the template activity of liver nuclear
      chromatin isolated from the DMN-treated animals was detected. A similar mechanism
      of inhibition of RNA synthesis was produced by the action of the methylating
      agent methyl methanesulfonate on whole nuclei in vitro. The dose-dependent
      inhibition of RNA synthesis could be accounted for by an inhibition of the RNA
      polymerase activities quantitatively solubilized and partially purified from the
      affected nuclei. Chromatin prepared from the methyl methanesulfonate-treated
      nuclei had a normal template capacity with either E. coli or rat liver
      nucleoplasmic RNA polymerase. No preferential methylation of the RNA polymerases
      by [14C]methyl methanesulfonate could be demonstrated. It is concluded that the
      action of the two methylating agents on RNA metabolism is similar and that the
      inhibition of liver nuclear RNA synthesis results from inactivation of the RNA
      polymerases. At the same time, dimethylnitrosamine and methyl methanesulfonate
      leave the chromatin template intact, at least quantitatively, for the synthesis
      of RNA. The implications of such an effect on RNA synthesis are discussed.

PMID- 178433
TI  - Some effects of acute and chronic dosing with aflatoxin B1 on rat liver nuclei.
AB  - A study has been made of changes occurring in rat liver nuclei as a result of the
      chronic and acute administration of aflatoxin B1. This has involved resolution of
      the nuclei into populations of differing ploidy by means of centrifugation in a
      zonal rotor. Chronic feeding of the toxin to weanling rats prevents the
      development of the predominant tetraploid hepatocyte nuclear population, which
      normally takes place during maturation. Increased populations of diploid and
      octaploid hepatocyte nuclei are observed. Chronic feeding of the toxin to adult
      animals also causes a reduction in the tetraploid population already established
      and, again, leads to increased numbers of diploid and octaploid nuclei. Once an
      abnormal nuclear population has been established by feeding the toxin, it
      persists until the development of hepatocarcinoma (if a 6-week carcinogenic
      feeding regimen has been used). The hepatomas have diploid nuclei. Labeling
      hepatic RNA and DNA in vivo has indicated that feeding the toxin causes a
      reversion to the immature distribution of DNA synthesis among the nuclear
      population, with little effect on the pattern of distribution of RNA synthesis.
      Acute administration of aflatoxin to adult rats also causes a reduction in the
      size of the tetraploid population, with increased proportions of diploid,
      octaploid, and higherploidy nuclei. These results are discussed in terms of a
      dual action of the toxin, antimitotic and necrogenic, and the possible
      relationship of these to the carcinogenic process.

PMID- 178435
TI  - Characteristics of progesterone-binding components in neoplastic mammary tissues
      of the rat.
AB  - Characteristics of [3H]progesterone-binding components were studied in cell-free
      preparations of two hormonally responsive tumors: the R3230AC mammary
      adenocarcinoma and 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced mammary tumor of the
      rat. Progesterone-binding macromolecules from cytosols of both mammary neoplasms
      exhibited sedimentation coefficients of 3.5 to 4.0 S on sucrose gradients of
      either low or high ionic strength. From Scatchard analyses of titration data,
      apparent dissociation constants of 4 to 6 X 10(-8) M were determined for ligand
      binding protein complexes from either tumor. Specific progesterone-binding
      capacities varied considerably, ranging from 150 to 650 fmoles/mg of cytosol
      protein. Optimal binding of [3H]progesterone was reached by 2 to 3 hr at 3
      degrees, pH 7.4, and then decreased rapidly. Specificity studies indicated that
      cortisol, corticosterone, and triamcinolone acetonide competed effectively for
      [3H]progesterone-binding. This suggested that [3H] progesterone was bound largely
      to a macromolecule distinct from transcortin, which does not bind glucocorticoids
      containing 9alpha-fluoro groups. Aldosterone, as well as several androgens and
      estrogens, were weak competitors of binding except at high concentrations. The
      nature of the inhibition of progesterone-binding sites by triamcinolone acetonide
      and corticosterone was competitive. Concurrent titrations of [3H]progesterone and
      [3H]triamcinolone acetonide-binding sites demonstrated that their binding
      capacities were similar, considering the relative stabilities of the complexes.
      These results, which indicated that progesterone and glucocorticoids compete for
      the same binding site, suggest that these hormones may influence mammary gland
      differentiation and development by a common mechanism.

PMID- 178434
TI  - Electron microscopic study of virus particles in yolk sac and placenta and in
      hematopoietic organs of newborn C3Hf mice.
AB  - Examination of yolk sac from a C3Hf and a C3H mouse with the electron microscope
      revealed the presence of C-type virus particles in the blood islands. Particles
      were observed budding from the plasma membrane of hemocytoblasts, from
      erythroblasts, and occasionally from reticulocytes. C-type particles were also
      found in similar cells in hematopoietic foci in the liver, spleen, and bone
      marrow of embryos, and they continued to be present in newborn C3Hf mice up to 11
      days of age. Particles consistently appeared in the thymus, even in older
      suckling mice. A comparison is made between the presence of C-type particles in
      organs of embryonic, newborn, and adult C3Hf mice. C-type particles were not
      observed in the chorioallantoic placentas from mice that were given injections of
      mouse leukemia virus (Gross) or from normal noninjected mice; however,
      intracisternal A-type particles were present in cytotrophoblast cells from these
      placentas.

PMID- 178436
TI  - Phase transition of plasma membranes of rat hepatocyte and hepatoma cells by
      electron diffraction.
AB  - The transition temperatures (Tc) of the plasma membranes of Reuber H-35 hepatoma
      and normal ACl rat hepatocytes were measured by electron diffraction under
      physiological conditions. Diffraction rings below Tc indicate the existence of
      solid lipid domains. The Tc of both membranes increase to a plateau value of 17.5
      degrees during the storage period of 4 days at 4 degrees, the rate of increase
      being slower for normal liver membranes. The extrapolations to zero storage
      suggest an innate difference of Tc for these two membranes. Storage in oxygen
      reduced media slows down the initial increase in Tc in normal liver membranes,
      while the depletion of divalent cations accelerates the increase. Differences in
      lipid composition are partly responsible for this behavior.

PMID- 178437
TI  - Enhancement of tumor growth following immunization with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
      cell walls.
AB  - The effect of preimmunization with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell walls (BCGcw) on
      tumor growth was studied with the use of transplantable Morris Hepatoma 3924a in
      inbred ACl rats. There was an increase in tumor incidence, an increase in the
      i.m. tumor growth rate, and an increase in the average i.m. tumor mass in animals
      that were preimmunized with BCGcw. The BCGcw-induced enhancement in tumor growth
      was dependent upon the amount of tumor present at the time of BCGcw immunization.
      No enhancement occurred in animals immunized with BCGcw 12 days after the
      inoculation of tumor cells.

PMID- 178438
TI  - The effect of substituents on the carcinogenicity of n-nitrosopyrrolidine in
      Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - N-Nitrosopyrrolidine and two of its derivatives were prepared and fed in drinking
      water to Sprague-Dawley rats to compare the effects of substituents on the
      carcinogenicity of the N-nitrosopyrrolidine molecule. 3,4-Dichloro-N
      nitrosopyrrolidine induced esophageal tumors in 13 of 14 animals, olfactory
      carcinomas in 4, and a hepatocellular tumor in 1. All animals that received this
      compound were dead at 55 weeks after the start of the experiments. N
      Nitrosopyrrolidine induced hepatocellular tumors in 26 of 29 animals and induced
      1 olfactory carcinoma. Not all animals in this group were dead until 104 weeks of
      the experiment. 2,5-Dimethyl-N-nitrosopyrrolidine induced only 2 hepatocellular
      tumors in 29 animals. The alpha-methyl substitution diminished the liver
      carcinogenicity, while the beta chlorine substitution affected a different target
      organ, the esophagus, and greatly reduced the time to death with tumors.

PMID- 178439
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in normal and neoplastic rat mammary
      cells grown in monolayer culture.
AB  - The activity of cyclic 3':5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) (EC 3.1.4.17) was
      measured in cultured normal and neoplastic rat mammary epithelium. Total PDE
      activity in normal cells was 1.6 to 6 times higher than that in tumor cells over
      a concentration range of 0.01 to 1 mM cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. PDE
      activity was distributed between the low-speed (4000 x g) particulate and
      supernatant fractions in both cell lines, with the particulate fraction
      possessing 60 to 70% of the total. Double reciprocal kinetic plots were
      nonlinear, suggesting the presence of high- and low-affinity PDE activities.
      Similar, but not identical biphasic curves obtained from both normal and
      neoplastic cells suggested that at least two different PDE activities were
      present in a membrane-bound as well as a soluble form. Apparent Michealis
      constants for the high-affinity enzyme ranged from 2 to 6 muM; the low-affinity
      enzyme was 1 mM. In the presence of 10 mM caffeine and at a substrate
      concentration of 1 muM, PDE activity was inhibited 40 and 80% of basal levels in
      normal and tumor cells, respectively. In general, the membrane-bound enzyme was
      inhibited to a greater extent than the soluble, regardless of the cell line
      examined. Although normal cells exhibited higher PDE activities in terms of total
      specific activity, when soluble activities were compared at low substrate
      concentrations, the opposite was the case. At a substrate concentration of 0.01
      muM, normal cell, low-Km soluble specific activity was 40% less than comparable
      tumor cell activity. Our results support the contention that PDE is induced by
      its own substrate, cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. In addition, they
      suggest that the low cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate steady-state levels
      characteristic of malignant cells are maintained by a soluble high-affinity
      isozyme of PDE.

PMID- 178440
TI  - Transfer RNA methylase activity and capacity during aflatoxin B1-induced
      hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
AB  - Transfer RNA methylase (tRNA methylase) activity and capacity were monitored in
      whole-rat-liver preparations during the induction of hepatocellular carcinomas by
      an 8-week aflatoxin B1 dosing regimen that produced minimal toxic effects.
      Significant phases of elevated tRNA methylase capacity occurred at 6 to 9 weeks
      (20%) and 24 to 29 weeks (40%). No significant change in tRNA methylase activity
      was noted over the course of the 55-week experiment. Higher aflatoxin B1 doses,
      producing acute toxic liver damage, resulted in elevated tRNA methylase activity
      (50%) and capacity (30%) at least as early as 1 week after dosing. Experiments
      with individual nodular lesions excised from livers of rats continuously fed a
      diet containing 2 ppm aflatoxin B1 demonstrated similarly elevated tRNA methylase
      activities and capacities in hyperplastic (preneoplastic)nodules, with and
      without histological evidence of carcinoma.

PMID- 178441
TI  - A survey on the effect of steroid hormone on type C virus production from
      cultured murine cells.
AB  - Dexamethasone stimulates type C virus production induced by iododeoxyuridine
      (IdUrd) from several murine cell lines: uninfected BALB cells, virally
      transformed nonproducer K-BALB cells, mouse neuroblastoma N-4 cells, and rat
      tumor XC cells. Dexamethasone also stimulates virus production from BALB cells
      newly infected by some murine leukemia or leukemia sarcoma viruses, from a murine
      myelogenous leukemic cell line (M-1) producing type C virus, from K-BALB(l) cells
      (K-BALB producing cells previously induced by IdUrd), and from K-BALB cells
      rescued by Rauscher leukemia virus. However, this stimulatory effect is not
      universal, since we observed that dexamethasone did not stimulate virus
      production from BALB cells newly infected by B-tropic virus, from S2CL3 cells
      producing N-tropic virus (a clone of spontaneously transformed BALB cells), from
      virus producing normal rat kidney cells, and from a mouse adrenal gland tumor Y-1
      cell line chronically producing type C virus. Some estrogenic hormones that do
      not have any stimulatory effect on virus production from BALB or K-BALB cells
      induced by IdUrd stimulate virus production from normal rat kidney cells induced
      by IdUrd. When there is no stimulation of virus production in a cell system by
      steroid hormones, very often there is some inhibitory activity. Furthermore, we
      observed that in JLSV10 cells chronically producing Rauscher leukemia virus and
      in K-BALB cells newly infected by Rauscher leukemia virus, virus production is
      enhanced by dexamethasone when the cells are still producing a low titer of virus
      but is not enhanced when the cells are producing a high titer of virus.

PMID- 178442
TI  - Tumor-associated thymidine kinase in the sera of rats with transplanted
      hepatomas.
AB  - A cytoplasmic form of thymidine kinase was detected in sera from rats bearing
      Morris hepatoma 7777. Polyacrylamide electrophoretic properties demonstrate
      similarity between the serum enzyme extracted from hepatoma tissue. This form of
      thymidine kinase has also been described in normal human fetal tissue and a
      variety of human tumor cells. The results suggest that serum isoenzymes of
      thymidine kinase may be a useful adjunctive test for the presence of certain
      types of malignant tumors.

PMID- 178443
TI  - Enhancement of infectivity and oncogenicity of a murine leukemia virus in adult
      mice by X-irradiation.
AB  - Infection of adult BALB/c mice with murine leukemia virus (MuLV) induces thymic
      lymphomas histologically indistinguishable from those caused by neonatal
      infection. X-irradiation permitted early and high levels of viral expression when
      given before or after MuLV administration and hastened the development of
      lymphomas. Expression of virus was assayed by using a radioimmune assay for
      murine p30, a virion core protein. Seventeen to 21 days after injection of MuLV
      into adult mice, there was 0.3 mug p30 per ml serum, approximately 5 times
      normal. Seventeen to 21 days after injection of MuLV into X-irradiated (600R)
      adult mice, there were 2.7 mug p30 per ml serum. The virus produced by infected
      adult mice was infectious and oncogenic when given to newborn mice.

PMID- 178444
TI  - Further study of the structure of lentinan, an anti-tumor polysaccharide from
      Lentinus edodes.

PMID- 178445
TI  - Nucleotides in embryos in the stages of morula, gastrula, and neurula.
AB  - Levels of nucleotides and sugar nucleotides in embryos of Bufo arenarum at the
      stages of morula, gastrula, and neurula have been measured. The total amounts of
      purine nucleoside diphosphates decreased from morula to gastrula, but increased
      sharply from gastrula to neurula. The levels of ADP followed this pattern, but
      those of GDP did not change significantly through the three stages. Purine
      nucleoside triphosphate levels, which had increased immediately after
      fertilization, remained almost constant through morula, gastrula, and neurula. As
      with the purine nucleoside diphosphates, the adenine nucleotide decreased from
      morula to gastrula, and increased from gastrula to neurula. In contrast, the
      level of GTP showed a sharp maximum at gastrula. The total pyrimidine nucleoside
      triphosphate did not change significantly from morula through neurula. As in
      previous stages of development, only uridine sugar nucleotides were detected. A
      sharp increase of the galactosyl ester of nucleotides was found at gastrula.

PMID- 178446
TI  - Study on the proliferative state of haemopoietic stem cells (CFU).
AB  - Hydroxyurea was used to study the proliferation rate of haemopoietic stem cells
      (CFUs) in normal mice, after irradiation or transplantation into irradiated
      recipients. It was demonstrated that the proliferation rated of endogenous CFUs
      (endo-CFUs) and exogenous CFUs (exo-CFUs) are identical. After irradiation (650
      R) the surviving endo-CFUs begin to proliferate immediately. By contrast exo-CFUs
      transplanted into the irradiated recipient mouse (850 R), begin to proliferate
      only after about 30 hr. However, injection of isoproterenol (which stimulates
      adenyl cyclase) or dibutyryl cyclic adenosin 3',5'-monophosphate shortly after
      marrow cell graft, triggers the transplanted CFUs into cell cycle as shown by an
      almost immediately increased sensitivity to hydroxyurea. Isoproterenol is capable
      of inducing DNA synthesis also in stem cells of normal mice but it takes about 20
      hr before CFUs become to be increasingly sensitive to hydroxyurea.

PMID- 178447
TI  - Investigations on the turnover of adrenocortical mitochondria. IV. A
      stereological study of the effect of chronic treatment with ACTH on the size and
      number of rat zona reticularis mitochondria.
AB  - The effects of chronic administration of of ACTH (up to 36 consecutive days) on
      the mitochondria of the zona reticularis of the rat adrenal cortex were
      investigated by stereologic techniques. It was found that ACTH induces two phases
      of hypertrophy of mitochondria alternating with two proliferative stages, which
      are associated with a significant decrease in the average volume of the
      organelles. It is suggested that, as in the zona fasciculata, ACTH controls the
      processes of growth and division of mitochondria in the zona reticularis. The
      mechanism underlying this action of ACTH as well as the differences between the
      responses to ACTH of the mitochondrial population of the two adrenal zones are
      discussed in the light of evidence indicating that mitochondria contain a
      complete genetic apparatus largely independent of nuclear control.

PMID- 178448
TI  - Three muscle fibre types in the axial muscle of axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum
      Shaw): a quantitative light- and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Morphometric analysis by light microscopy of p-phenylene-diamine stained semithin
      sections of axolotl tail muscle revealed differences in the cross-sectional area
      of the fibres and in the number of mitochondria and of lipid inclusions per
      fibre, and indicated the presence of three distinct types of fibres. The
      tripartition was found to be statistically highly significant. Representative
      fibres from each group established by light microscopic morphometry were
      subjected to an ultrastructural morphometric analysis. The volume content of
      mitochondria amounted to 9.8% of the fibre volume for red, 4.0% for intermediate
      and 0.8% for white fibres. The myofibrils composed 60%, 70% and 83% in the same
      fibres. The volume of the sarcotubular system (t-tubuli and sarcoplasmic
      reticulum) was 2.5% in red, 4.5% in intermediate and 11.7% in white fibres. The
      three fibre types also demonstrated differences in myofibrillar cross-striation
      pattern and number of triads. The reliability of the light microscopic
      morphometry was tested by correlation with EM montages of the representative
      fibres.

PMID- 178449
TI  - A morphometric study on the pars intermedia of the hypophysis during impairment
      of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in sodium depleted mice.
AB  - Fine structural alterations were investigated in cells of the pars intermedia of
      the pituitary of mice treated for four weeks with (a) a sodium deficient diet,
      (b) a sodium deficient diet mixed with propranolol (renin-inhibitor), (c) a
      sodium deficient diet combined with propranolol and amino-glutethimide
      (corticosterone 18-hydroxylase inhibitor), and (d) a sodium deficient diet
      combined with propranolol, aminoglutethimide and dexamethasone. The number of
      secretory granules decreased from 5.0/mum2 in the normal control of 2.4/mum2 in
      all four experimental groups suggesting that the cells in treated groups had
      reached an equilibrium in the production and release of secretory granules during
      the chronic treatments. The number of immature Golgi granules per unit Golgi area
      was 0.91 in the control, while this value rose to 3.29 (3.62 fold of the
      control), 4.37 (4.8 fold), 4.94 (5.43 fold) and 5.16 (5.67 fold) respectively in
      the four experimental groups. In these groups a good correlation was observed
      between the number of immature granules and the percent volume of rough
      endoplasmic reticulum (r=0.985, p less than 0.01). The present study suggests
      that the pars intermedia contains an unidentified pituitary factor (or factors)
      essential for aldosterone biosynthesis.

PMID- 178450
TI  - Effects of chronic exercise on the ultrastructure of the adrenocortical cells in
      the rat.
AB  - Four groups of male rats were exercised for periods of 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks with
      controls in each group. As a result of chronic exercise there was an increase in
      the width of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. Also, there was an
      increase in the number and size of the mitochondria, and an increase in the
      quantity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and during the first 4 weeks of
      exercise an increase in the number of lipid droplets in the zona fasciculata. The
      close relationship between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria,
      and the relationship between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the lipid
      droplets suggests a possible means for a transport mechanism for movement of
      precursors between these organelles.

PMID- 178451
TI  - Changes in macrophages in vivo induced by desensitization.

PMID- 178452
TI  - Properties of reticulum cell sarcomas in SJL/J mice. III. Promotion of tumor
      growth in irradiated mice by normal lymphoid cells.

PMID- 178453
TI  - Tissue distribution and mode of DNA methylation in mice by methyl
      methanesulphonate and N-methyl-N' -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: lack of thymic
      lymphoma induction and low extent of methylation of target tissue DNA at 0-6 of
      guanine.
AB  - The methylating agents methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) and N-methyl N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), administered by single i.p. injection in mice failed to
      yield thymic lymphoma at doses around 60% of the LD50 values, in contrast to MNUA
      which gives a high yield of tumours by this route. Comparison of the tissue
      distribution and mode of DNA methylation by these agents showed a positive
      correlation with ability to methylate the 0-6 atom of guanine in DNA of the
      target tissues thymus and bone marrow and tumorigeneis. MMS gave a low yield of
      this product due to its relatively low Sn1 reactivity but was able to methylate
      DNA extensively at other sites in the target tissues and other organs examined.
      MNNG despite its ability to methylate 0-6 of guanine in DNA in vitro to the same
      relative extent as the potent carcinogen MNUA, methylated DNA of thymus and bone
      marrow to a very small extent in vivo but was able to methylate DNA in certain
      other tissues nearer the site of i.p. injection. These findings contrast with the
      general relatively extensive methylation of 0-6 of guanine in DNA of the target
      tissues and other organs by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNUA).

PMID- 178454
TI  - An assay for phosphotriester formation in the reaction of alkylating agents with
      deoxyribosenucleic acid in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Preliminary studies in vitro using bacteriophage T7-DNA have shown that breaks
      formed in the DNA on the alkaline hydrolysis of apurinic sites and
      phosphotriesters can be distinguished from each other by measuring the extent of
      degradation of the DNA immediately after adding NaOH to 0.1 M and after
      incubating for 1 h in 0.5 M NaOH. This method has then been applied to the study
      of the formation and stability of phosphotriesters invivo. Methyl
      phosphotriesters formed in liver DNA following injection of mice with N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea (MNUA) disappear with time (50% in 4-5 days). The concentration of
      ethyl phosphotriesters in liver DNA formed by injecting mice with N-ethyl-N
      nitrosourea (ENUA) does not appear to decrease with time. Results of experiments
      on injecting methyl methane-sulphonate (MMS), ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) and
      dimethyl sulphate (DMS) are also reported. The method described does not require
      the use of radioactively labelled reagents.

PMID- 178455
TI  - Mitochondrial functional changes during hepatic hyperplasia and azo dye
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - Resting and active-state respiratory velocities, respiratory control, high
      amplitude volume changes, and latent ATPase activities were examined in hepatic
      mitochondria from rats fed 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'MeDAB) for
      production of liver tumors and from rats in three phases of liver regeneration
      subsequent to subtotal hepatectomies. Tetrabutylammonium bromide, a lipophilic
      probe capable of selectively inhibiting phosphorylating oxidation or uncoupling
      oxidation from phosphorylation, was used to detect subtle alterations in
      lipophilicity characteristics of the organelles and it was concluded that
      mitochondria from pre-hyperplastic, hyperplastic, and neoplastic tissues had a
      higher than normal degree of membrane lipophilicity at specific functional sites.
      Control of respiration by ADP was markedly augmented in all experimental groups;
      this behavior, plus depressed sensitivity to swelling agents and energized
      contraction, were similar in mitochondria from hepatomas and from 3-day
      regenerating livers. These mitochondrial functions were even more pronounced,
      however, in cells in pre-hyperplastic states (6 and 16 h subsequent to partial
      hepatectomy). Many forms of liver damage result in mitochondrial alterations
      which elevate the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation. Such changes associated
      with induction of azo dye oncogenesis are mimicked by the degree of hyperplasia
      in the tissue following the first mitotic wave of regeneration; implications
      relevant to hepatocarcinogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 178456
TI  - A versatile, flexible synthesis of 1,3-diglycerides and tryglycerides.
AB  - A flexible method for synthesising 1,30diflycerides and triglycerides is
      described. Glycidol esters, prepared by a known route from epichlorohydrin and
      the sodium salt of a fatty acid, were heated with another or with the same fatty
      acid and a quaternary ammonium salt. This resulted in a fast, mild reaction and
      higher yields and greater purity of the diglycerides than hitherto obtained in
      this synthesis. The mixture of 1,3- and 1,2-diglycerides obtained was isomerised
      by heating while still in the solid phase to 1,3-diglycerides. Triglycerides were
      prepared from the diglycerides by acylation using a fatty acid chloride and
      pyridine in hexane.

PMID- 178457
TI  - Epoxidation of unsaturated fatty esters in argentation chromatography.

PMID- 178458
TI  - [Immunologic blood-brain barrier in the polyoma virus--Syrian hamster system].
AB  - The authors report premilinary results of an experiment on permeability of the
      blood-brain barrier (BBB) to anti-tumor virus-induced immunological factors in
      the polyoma virus/Syrian Hamster system. The animals were protected by
      subcutaneous or intracranial injections with virus before challenge with polyoma
      virus transformed cells by both routes. BBB seemed to be permeable to the
      efferent part of the subcutaneously induced immune reaction. On the contrary,
      antigenic information introduced in the central nervous system was trapped inside
      the BBB. Thus the BBB might offer a "one-way" permeability in this system.

PMID- 178459
TI  - Control of protein balance in hypertrophied cardiac muscle.
AB  - The levels of intracellular proteins are determined by a balance between their
      rates of synthesis and degradation. During the development of regression of
      cardiac hypertrophy, both of these rates can be expected to change. Possible
      control sites of synthetic and degradation processes are discussed in this
      article. The following experimental results are presented: (1) Cardiac
      mitochondrial cytochromes accumulate early after imposition of pressure overload,
      as a result of an increased rate of synthesis and decreased rate of degradation.
      (2) The half-life of myosin heavy chains (HC) in the steady state was determined
      from incorporation kinetics, using leucyl-tRNA as precursor, to be 5-6 days. (3)
      The existence of a pool of newly synthesized myofilaments which are not fully
      incorporated into the core of myofibrils is indicated by the incorporation data.

PMID- 178460
TI  - Pyridine nucleotide as an indicator of the oxygen requirements for energy-linked
      functions of mitochondria.
AB  - The responses of cardiac mitochondria to anoxia may be evaluated in terms of the
      oxidation-reduction state of the electron carriers and the ability of the
      mitochondria to function in energy-linked reactions. The previous detailed
      evaluation of the oxygen requirements for electron transfer in mitochondria is
      here extended to the oxygen requirements for energy-linked functions. Four
      functions are evaluated: the energy-dependent reduction of pyridine nucleotide,
      the phosphorylation of ADP, the retention of Ca2+, and the establishment of a
      membrane potential. All of these functions are half-maximally activated with 10
      20% oxidation of cytochromes c and a + a3. Fifty percent oxidation of pyridine
      nucleotide is required for these functions. In a normoxic-anoxic titration, an
      increment of 50% in the reduction of pyridine nucleotide in intact tissue
      corresponds to the point at which the mitochondria are half-maximally active in
      energy coupling. Thus, the use of pyridine nucleotide fluorescence as an optimal
      indicator of tissue oxidation-reduction states has now been extended to the assay
      of energy-linked functions of mitochondria in situ in cardiac tissue.

PMID- 178461
TI  - Enhanced aldosterone response to angiotensin II in human hypertension.
AB  - Adrenal and vascular responsiveness to graded doses of angiotensin II (A II) were
      recorded for seven normal subjects and 12 patients with essential hypertension
      while in balance on an intake of 200 mEq sodium/100 mEq potassium. Patients with
      essential hypertension had been previously studied and known to have normal
      responses of plasma renin activity to sodium restriction and upright posture. A
      II was administered for 30 minutes at rates of 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 ng/kg per
      minute and plasma aldosterone responses were assessed 20 and 30 minutes later;
      blood pressure was monitored at intervals of 1 minute during infusion of A II at
      each rate. A significant increment in plasma aldosterone occurred at an infusion
      rate of 0.3 ng/kg per minute in patients with hypertension. This change was not
      seen until the infusion rate reached 1.0 ng/kg per minute in the normotensive
      control subjects. Even at an A II infusion rate of 1 ng/kg per minute, the
      increment in plasma aldosterone levels in normotensive subjects (4.2 +/- 0.6
      ng/dl) was significantly less (P less than 0.001) than that in patients with
      essential hypertension (19 +/- 3 ng/dl). In both groups, a significant rise in
      mean arterial blood pressure occurred at an A II dose of 0.3 ng/kg per minute,
      but the pressor response of the hypertensive group was significantly greater at
      the highest infusion rate (3 ng/kg per minute) (P less than 0.05). Thus, enhanced
      adrenal and pressor responsiveness to infused A II was observed in the
      hypertensive subjects, suggesting a change in A II receptor affinity.

PMID- 178462
TI  - Receptor binding of angiotensin II and antagonists. Correlation with aldosterone
      production by isolated canine adrenal glomerulosa cells.
AB  - The binding properties of the angiotensin II receptors of the adrenal cortex have
      been studied in isolated cells prepared by collagenase dispersion of the zona
      glomerulosa of the canine adrenal gland. Such cell preparations are responsive to
      physiological concentrations of angiotensin II, and permit correlation of binding
      of angiotensin II and its analogues with aldosterone production in vitro. Uptake
      of 125I-angiotensin II (5 X 10(-11) M) by glomerulosa cells at 37 degrees C
      reached a steady state at 45 minutes, with a subsequent plateau for at least 60
      minutes. Angiotensin II binding was also dependent upon the hormone and cell
      concentrations employed during uptake studies. Bound angiotensin II was rapidly
      dissociated from canine adrenal cells after addition of the unlabeled
      octapeptide. High affinity sites with equilibrium association constant (Ka) of
      3.3 X 10(9) M-1 comprised 25-33% of the receptor population and the remainder of
      the sites were of lower affinity, 2.5 X 10(8)M-1. Binding of angiotensin II
      analogues and antagonists was found to be consistent with their biological
      activities. The analogue most extensively evaluated was [Sar-1]angiotensin II,
      which exhibited enhanced binding activity when compared to angiotensin II, and
      had a higher equilibrium association constant by kinetic analysis and direct
      binding studies. Direct binding of labeled angiotensin II to the adrenal
      glomerulosa receptor has been correlated with a progressive response in
      aldosterone production. The steroidogenic response to angiotensin II was maximal
      when 25% of the receptor population was occupied; this fraction corresponds to
      the proportion of high affinity receptor sites measured by binding analysis. In
      addition, inhibition of angiotensin II binding to receptor sites by the
      competitive antagonist [Sar-1, Ala-8]angiotensin II has been correlated with
      inhibition of aldosterone production. These findings serve to demonstrate the
      biological significance of the angiotensin II binding sites of the adrenal
      cortex, and confirm their role as receptors which mediate the steroidogenic
      responses to angiotensin II.

PMID- 178463
TI  - The effects of des-Asp1-angiotensin II on blood pressure, plasma aldosterone
      concentration, and plasma renin activity in the rabbit.
AB  - To examine the hypothesis that des-Asp-1-angiotensin II (angiotensin III) may be
      an important mediator of various responses to angiotensin II, both peptides were
      given sequentially at 25 ng/kg per min by systemic infusion to conscious rabbits,
      and the effects on blood pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration, and plasma
      renin activity were compared. The mean arterial pressure increased with
      angiotensin II infusion an average of 18.2 mm Hg, and with angiotensin III
      infusion only 3.2 mm Hg. Both peptides, however, produced a six- to sevenfold
      increase in plasma aldosterone concentration, and a threefold decrease in plasma
      renin activity. Renal clearance data suggest that the suppression of renin
      activity was not a consequence of renal hemodynamic change or altered sodium
      transport, but of direct inhibition through a receptor mediating a short feedback
      loop. These data in the intact rabbit, taken together with in vitro studies by
      others, suggest that the responses of these three organ systems to angiotensin
      peptides are mediated by receptors of varied specificity: those mediating
      vasoconstriction exhibit a greater response to angiotensin II than to angiotensin
      III; those mediating the secretion of aldosterone exhibit a lesser response to
      angiotensin II than to angiotensin III; and those mediating the suppression of
      renin release do not appear to discriminate between the two peptides.

PMID- 178464
TI  - Changes in cardiovascular and adrenal cortical responses to angiotensin III
      induced by sodium deprivation in the rat.
AB  - The restriction of dietary sodium intake is known to depress the cardiovascular
      responses to angiotensin II and increase the sensitivity of the adrenal zona
      glomerulosa to this steroidogenic octapeptide. In sodium-repleted animals,
      angiotensin III is a weak pressor substance and a potent stimulant of aldosterone
      biosynthesis. The effect of a low sodium diet on vascular and steroidogenic
      responses to angiotensin II and angiotensin III was investigated. In
      nephrectomized rats, angiotensin III had one-third of the pressor activity
      relative to angiotensin II when either normal or sodium-deprived animals were
      compared. When administered subcutaneously (sc) to rats, angiotensin II and III
      induced comparable steroidogenic responses, whereas only angiotensin II
      significantly elevated blood pressure. The comparison of cell suspensions from
      control adrenals with suspensions of adrenals from sodium-deprived animals showed
      that the zona glomerulosa from rats on low sodium diets had increased wet weight
      (20%), cell protein (25%), and basal steroidogenic rats (45%).
      Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-induced responses in adrenal cells from low
      sodium animals were about twice the responses of cells from normal adrenals.
      Angiotensin II and III stimulated the cortex at a threshold concentration of 5 X
      10(-10) M and induced a maximum response at about 5 X 10(-8) M in cells prepared
      from normal rat adrenals. In cells dispersed from adrenal capsules of sodium
      deprived rats, the maximal steroidogenic response to angiotensin II occurred at 3
      X 10(-8) M, whereas angiotensin III was maximal at 1 X 10(-9) M. Aldosterone
      synthesis induced by both peptides was increased approximately 45% in adrenal
      cells from low salt rats. At 0.9 mumol/kg, sc, Sar-1, Ile-8-angiotensin II
      antagonized cardiovascular responses to angiotensin II and did not alter
      aldosterone in the sodium-deprived rat. In contrast, treatment with Ile-7
      angiotensin III blocked the adrenal cortex but not the vascular actions of
      angiotensin II. These data are consistent with a role for angiotensin III in the
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone response to sodium deprivation.

PMID- 178465
TI  - Summary of current studies on angiotensin-induced aldosterone release.

PMID- 178466
TI  - Sympathetic nerve activity: role in regulation of blood pressure in the
      spontaenously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and high pressure baroreceptor regulation of SNA
      were studied in the Okamoto strain of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Mean
      arterial pressure (MAP) and SNA were not significantly affected by anesthesia
      with low doses of pentobarbital (20-25 mg/kg). Thus, most of these studies were
      performed in anesthetized rats. SNA in visceral sympathetic nerves increased
      rapidly with age up to 24 weeks and slowly thereafter. MAP increased with SNA,
      following the same time course. Both SNA and MAP in SHR were significantly
      greater than that found in normotensive Wistar control rats of comparable ages.
      Abolition of ganglionic transmission with hexamethonium in both SHR and
      normotensive controls reduced postganglionic SNA and MAP to comparable levels. In
      SHR less than 16 weeks old, increased baroreceptor stimulation effectively
      inhibited SNA with the same sensitivity as found in Wistar control rats. However,
      older SHR appeared to lose their ability to completely inhibit SNA during induced
      hypertension, whereas in Wistar control rats as old as 52 weeks, elevation of
      blood pressure to 165.3 +/- 2.3 mm Hg completely suppressed SNA. These results
      suggest that SNA may play an important role in the development and maintenance of
      hypertension in SHR, and that central sympathetic centers, uninhibited by
      baroreceptor afferents, become active during the development of hypertension in
      the SHR.

PMID- 178467
TI  - Plasma cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate response to isoproterenol and
      glucagon in hyperkinetic borderline (labile) hypertension.
AB  - The hemodynamic changes observed in patients with the "hyperkinetic" form of
      borderline (labile) essential hypertension (BEH) could be related to the
      hyperresponsiveness of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors to catecholamines. The
      isoproterenol-induced increase in plasma cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (cAMP) reflects the response of adenylate cyclase to beta-adrenergic stimulation,
      whereas a non-beta-receptor-mediated increase occurs with the administration of
      glucagon. Both substances were infused into 13 control subjects and 14 patients
      with the hyperkinetic form of BEH before and after propranolol administration.
      Baseline plasma cAMP concentrations were comparable in both groups. After 30
      minutes of isoproterenol infusion (20 ng/kg per min) a significantly higher
      increase in plasma cAMP and heart rate and a smaller decrease in diastolic blood
      pressure were seen in this type of BEH than in control subjects. The increase in
      plasma cAMP and in heart rate correlated positively when all subjects were
      considered together. Propranolol abolished hemodynamic and humoral responses to a
      similar degree in both groups. The plasma cAMP responses to glucagon (200 ng/kg
      per min) were slightly lower in our patients with BEH than in control subjects
      and were not suppressed by propranolol. The data are compatible with a
      hyperreactivity of the beta-adrenergic receptors or of the adenylate cyclase or
      both in hyperkinetic BEH and could correspond to the previously observed
      exaggerated beta-adrenergic drive to the heart in this type of hypertension. The
      non-beta-receptor-mediated rise in plasma cAMP (glucagon), however, remains
      comparable in control subjects and BEH.

PMID- 178469
TI  - Studies on the serum lipoprotein composition in 50-year-old men. A suggestion of
      chemical criteria for diagnosis of hyperlipoproteinaemia type III (Broad-beta
      disease).
AB  - The serum lipoprotein (LP) composition in hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) type III,
      when studied in a population of 50-year-old men, was characterized by a high
      cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in the very low density lipoprotien (VLDL)
      fraction, a high low density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride concentration and a
      low LDL cholesterol/triglyceride ratio. No one of these three variables, however,
      was found to be a suitable single parameter for diagnosis for HLP type III
      because of an overlap between HLP type III and other LP patterns with regard to
      the studied variables. In an effort to find a parameter with a better
      discriminative capacity a "III-index" was invented.

PMID- 178468
TI  - Evidence that des-Asp1 angiotensin II mediates the renin-angiotensin response.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to compare and evaluate the influence of angiotensin II
      and its heptapeptide fragments, des-Asp-1-angiotensin II, at various receptor
      sites for angiotensin in both dogs and rats. Receptor sites evaluated were those
      which are found in the glomerulosa, reticularis, and fasiculata of the adrenal
      cortex, in the renal arterioles and the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, and
      in the peripheral arterioles. Both peptides produced similar changes in the
      steriod secretion profiles for aldosterones, corticosterone, and cortisol in the
      dog. In the rat, both peptides similarly increased aldosterone and corticosterone
      secretion; however, a larger dose of the competitive antagonist Sar-1,Ala-8
      angiotensin II was required to block the steroid response to the heptapeptide.
      This finding suggests that receptor affinity for des-Asp-1-angiotensin II may be
      greater than its affinity for angiotensin II. Both peptides also decreased renin
      secretion and renal blood flow similarly in the dog. The pressor response to the
      heptapeptide was only about one-half the pressor response to angiotensin II in
      both the rat and dog studies. Collectively, these observations in dogs and rats
      suggest that des-Asp-1-angiotensin II may mediate the response to the renin
      angiotensin system at both adrenal and renal receptors.

PMID- 178470
TI  - Effects of growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone and bromocryptine (CB 154)
      in states of abnormal pituitary-adrenal function.
AB  - Growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone (GHR-IH) was administered to five
      patients with abnormal pituitary-adrenal function. There was immediate
      suppression by about 50% of ACTH levels in two patients who had undergone
      bilateral adrenalectomy because of Cushing's disease; one of them had Nelson's
      syndrome. Bromocryptine (2-5 mg) suppressed ACTH levels by 62-67% for more than 6
      h in these patients. GHR-IH did not significantly influence cortisol secretion by
      an adrenal carcinoma and only slight changes were seen in two patients with
      Addison's disease. The possible therapeutic implications are discussed.

PMID- 178471
TI  - Hereditory sensory neuropathy. Report of a case.

PMID- 178472
TI  - Circulating antibody to renal collecting ducts in patients with hepatoma or renal
      cell carcinoma.
AB  - An anti-kidney antibody was demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence
      method in the serum of patients with primary tumours of the liver or kidney. The
      distribution of fluorescence in rabbit kidney was consistent with that of
      antibody to collecting ducts. The anti-collecting duct antibody (anti-CDA) could
      be absorbed from serum by normal adult rabbit or human kidney tissue and by one
      of three specimens of renal-cell carcinoma tissue. Anti-CDA differed from anti
      mitochondrial antibodies and from anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibody in the
      pattern of fluorescent staining obtained with rabbit kidney. Two-hundred sera
      from patients with cancer and other diseases and forty-three from healthy
      hospital personnel were tested for anti-CDA. Eleven of the twenty-five positive
      sera were from patients with primary cancer of the liver or urinary tract, and
      all but six of the remainder were from patients with tumours involving the liver
      or with liver disorders that may be associated with nodular hyperplasia or
      tumour.

PMID- 178473
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity to microbial antigens in mother and child.
AB  - We have looked at evidence for the transplacental passage of cell-mediated
      immunity in man. The lymphocyte response of mother-neonate pairs was assessed to
      non-specific mitogens, allogeneic cells, and to microbial antigens. Although six
      mothers were known to be chronic carriers of Herpes simplex virus only one of
      their neonates responded to this viral antigen. On two occasions a lymphocyte
      response was induced in cord blood by antigens to which the mother did not
      respond. This paradox remains unexplained. We suggest that the relative immunity
      of the neonate to some infectious diseases does not depend on the transplacental
      passage of cellular immunity.

PMID- 178474
TI  - Evidence for suppressor cell activity associated with induction of Herpesvirus
      saimiri-induced lymphoma.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) infected owl
      monkeys lose their ability to respond to PHA during the development of lymphoma.
      In this study, five HVS-infected owl monkeys were examined for their ability to
      respond to PHA and to confer this loss of PHA reactivity to normal lymphocytes.
      Four of the monkeys developed HVS-induced disease and lost their ability to
      respond to PHA. Although less affected, reduced responses were also found with
      PWM. The animals which developed disease and suppressed PHA responses were found
      to be able to confer this loss of PHA reactivity to normal lymphocytes. One HVS
      infected monkey did not develop disease or loss of PHA reactivity and did not
      confer a loss of PHA reactivity to normal lymphocytes. In the four affected
      monkeys, the conference of suppression to PHA was not accompanied by a
      concomitant reduction in response to PWM by the normal lymphocytes, demonstrating
      some specificity in the suppressor cell activity. Thus, the presence of
      suppressor cell activity appears to be associated with the inhibition of T-cell
      function and possibly the eventual development of lymphoma.

PMID- 178475
TI  - Effects of marijuana extract and tetrahydrocannabinol on electroencephalographic
      sleep patterns.
AB  - Marijuana extract, given in daily doses containing 70 to 210 mg delta-9
      tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), induced effects on sleep that were virtually
      identical to those produced by the same doses of relatively pure (96%) THC. Both
      drugs reduced eye movements density with some tolerance developing to this
      effect. Stage 4 tendend to increase with drug administration. Abrupt withdrawal
      led to extremely high densities of eye movement, increased rapid eye movement
      (REM) durations, and a sharp but transient fall in stage 4 to baseline levels.
      These effects may be useful in the elucidation of the pharmacology of sleep. The
      effects on sleep of THC administration (but not withdrawal) closely resemble
      those induced by lithium. For this reason, we suggest further studies of THC in
      affective disorders. Evidence available thus far suggests that THC produces
      dysphoric symptoms in unipolar but not in bipolar depressed patients; these
      differences in response may prove of diagnostic value. An adequate therapeutic
      trial of THC in bipolar depressed patients has not yet been carried out.

PMID- 178476
TI  - The subunit structure of glycolytic enzymes.

PMID- 178477
TI  - Semi-automatic analysis of rapid eye movement (REM) patterns: a software package.

PMID- 178478
TI  - Hydroxyproline-containing structural glycopeptide fractions from subacute
      inflammation connective tissue.
AB  - Hydroxyproline-containing structural glycopeptide fractions were isolated from
      collagenase-digested neutral salt-insoluble collagen of five-day sponge-implant
      connective tissue of the rat. The glycopeptide fractions characterized migrate as
      a single, strongly anionic band on disc gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5, are eluted
      on gel filtration as a small molecular weight peak, approximately 2000, and are
      resolved into thirteen glycopeptide fractions by DEAE-cellulose chromatography.
      Amino acid analyses of some of these fractions indicate a similarity in
      composition, the principal ones being aspartic and glutamic acids, serine,
      glycine, alanine, valine, proline and hydroxyproline. Three neutral
      carbohydrates, glucose, mannose and xylose, in different relative proportions and
      hexosamine are also present in the fractions. Amino-terminal amino acid
      determinations indicate a microheterogeneity of the glycopeptides. The
      electrophoretic behaviour and non-diffusibility of the small molecular weight
      glycopeptides suggest an intimate association between acidic hydroxyproline
      containing peptides and carbohydrate components of developing connective tissue.

PMID- 178479
TI  - Vesicular stomatitis virus: structure and function of virion components.

PMID- 178480
TI  - Integration of DNA tumor virus genomes.

PMID- 178481
TI  - The replication of papovavirus and adenovirus DNA.

PMID- 178482
TI  - Diffuse interstitial fibrosing pneumonitis and adenovirus infection.
AB  - With electron microscopy, adenovirus particles, which were almost round, variable
      in density, and 60-80 mmu in diameter, were observed in the nuclei of type II
      alveolar epithelial cells, infiltrated plasma cells and alveolar macrophages of a
      man with chronic interstitial fibrosing pneumonitis. The immunofluorescent
      technique also suggested adenovirus infection.

PMID- 178483
TI  - Endobronchial histiocytoma.

PMID- 178484
TI  - Effect of antibiotics on the phagocytosis and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The effect of antibiotics on phagocytosis and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied. Carbenicillin and
      sulbenicillin, when added to an incubation medium at a concentration as low as
      1/16 MIC, increased phagocytosis and killing of P. aeruginosa by PMN. Meanwhile,
      gentamicin and 3',4'-dideoxykanamycin B gave no influence on the PMN activity,
      and polymyxin B and colistin enhanced the activity only at MIC. The PMN activity
      was not facilitated even when the cells of P. aeruginosa had been pretreated with
      antibiotics. The bactericidal activity of PMN decreased after sonification, but
      was restored following addition of carbenicillin.

PMID- 178485
TI  - Growth inhibition of cells in cultures and of vaccinia virus infected HeLa cells
      by derivatives of trifluorothymidine.
AB  - The effects of 5-trifluoromethyluracil (F3Thy), 5-trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine
      (F3dThd), F3dThd-5'-P, and F3dThd-5'-methylphosphonate on the growth of HeLa
      cells, Novikoff hepatoma cells, L5178Y mouse leukemia cells, and on the
      replication of vaccinia virus in HeLa cells have been determined. F3Thy and
      F3dThd-5'-methylophosphonate were approximately 500-fold and 100-fold less
      effective, respectively, than F3dThd or F3dThd-5'-P in their inhibition of these
      cells. F3dThd and F3dThd-5'-P are potent inhibitors of vaccinia viral replication
      of HeLa cells. The nucleoside and nucleotide were 1,000-fold more inhibitory than
      the free base. F3dThd was nost inhibitory when added between 1 and 2 h post
      infection; however, it was also somewhat inhibitory when added at later times.

PMID- 178486
TI  - Chromosome-associated paracrystalline nuclear inclusions in the spermatocytes of
      a pulmonate snail, Planorbarius corneus L.
AB  - Chromosome-associated paracrystalloids are regularly found in the spermatocytes
      of snails which were reared in the laboratory. They seem to be largely specific
      for the male gametocytes as they have been observed only in few cases in the
      oocytes. It is likely that paracrystalloids are formed during pachytene at the
      site of large heterochromatic knobs which originate by fusion of heterochromatic
      terminal segments of some bivalents. During diplotene they are always connected
      with the telomeres of three or four bivalents, thus forming a large trefoil-like
      structure. During metaphase I paracrystalloids are shed off from the chromosomes
      and transferred to the cytoplasm. In early spermatids they are found again in the
      nuclei, where they "fade away" during spermiogenesis. Histochemically they
      consist of basic proteins, which are probably crystallized in the cubic system.
      Radioactive labeling of the structure could not be achieved, neither by 3H
      uridine or thymidine, nor by amino acids. The functional significance of this
      peculiar structure in unknown. Certain features justify a comparison with
      synaptonemal polycomplexes.

PMID- 178487
TI  - [Interaction of cytochrome c with bilayer phospholipid membranes].

PMID- 178488
TI  - [Association of nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles with chromatin in cells of
      rat Zajedla ascites hepatoma].

PMID- 178490
TI  - [Biochemical method of estimating the degree of malignancy of transplantable
      hepatomas].

PMID- 178489
TI  - [Effect of protein-lipid interactions on the structure of artificial vesicular].

PMID- 178491
TI  - [Functional organization of the hypothalamus in regulation of the hypophyseal
      adrenocortical system].

PMID- 178493
TI  - [Intracytoplasmic inclusions in Bordetella pertussis].

PMID- 178492
TI  - [Regulation of microsomal enzyme activity by phospholipids in vivo].

PMID- 178494
TI  - [Chemical structure of triphosphoinositides].

PMID- 178495
TI  - [Isolation of an Epstein-Barr type virus from cells of a suspended lymphoblastoid
      culture obtained from a patient with lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 178497
TI  - Production of oestradiol, camp and 125I-hcg binding by rat ovaries during the
      reproductive cycle.
AB  - Plasma concentration of oestradiol in female rats is dynamically altered in the
      reproductive cycle, depending on the biosynthesis and secretion of oestradiol
      secretion by the ovaries. The present study has followed oestradiol and cAMP
      concentration in the plasma and ovaries, and 125I-HCG binding during the pro
      oestrus, oestrus and di-oestrus. Oestradiol concentration in plasma and its
      production by the ovaries were found to be highest in the pro-oestrus and lowest
      in the oestrus. These changes depend on the production and secretion of
      gonadotrophins. The mediator of gonadotropin action is cAMP whose ovarian
      concentration is lowest in the oestrus. LH stimulates the cAMP synthesis in the
      ovaries during the cyclic stages, without any significant difference being
      apparent between the various stages. 125I-HCG binding is highest in the di
      oestrus stage, when concentration of endogenous gonadotrophins is low.

PMID- 178496
TI  - [Estimation of free cortisol in urine (author's transl)].
AB  - Radio-immunological estimation of free cortisol in urine in a group of normal
      persons showed a median daily excretion of 42,5 +/- 22,8 mug (n = 31) using radio
      loss-labelling, extraction, and thin layer chromatography. After simple
      extraction the median value was 54.1 +/- 15.3 mug/d (n = 10). Radioimmunological
      estimation in simple urine extract seems to be sufficient for routine clinical
      purposes. The estimation of free cortisol in urine permits a better
      differentiation between normal adrenal function and adrenal hyperactivity than
      the determination of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS). This is shown by
      comparison of 1) the frequency distribution of the basal values of 17-OHCS and
      free cortisol in normal persons and in Cushing's disease, 2) the suppression
      effect of dexamethasone on 17-OHCS and free cortisol in Cushing patients, and 3)
      the stimulatory effect of ACTH on 17-OHCS and free cortisol in normal persons.

PMID- 178498
TI  - A modification of the Detter and Klingmuller's method for urinary alpha- and beta
      pregnanediol and pregnanetriol determination: excretion patterns in men and in
      women during the normal menstrual cycle.
AB  - This report describes the modification of Detter and Klingmuller's method for the
      determination of urinary alpha- and beta-pregnanediol and pregnanetriol by means
      of thin -layer chromatography. The modifications were as follows: 1. The addition
      of formol prior to hydrolysis to prevent pigments penetration into urinary
      extracts. 2. The use of Kieselgel HF 254+366 nach Stahl (E. Merck, Darmstadt)
      which allows to localize the spots under UV-light at 366 nm without the use of
      colour reagents. The results concerning accuracy, sensitivity, precision and
      specificity in the modification described are profitable. Using this method in 7
      healthy women (aged 28-37) with normal menstrual cycles the urinary excretion of
      alpha- and beta-pregnanediol and pregnanetriol were evaluated every second day
      (starting the 6th day of the cycle). The maximum of excretion of alpha- and beta
      pregnandiol appeared on day 20 of the cycle, with the mean (+/- S.D.) 1.27 +/-
      0.37 mg/24hr and 2.97 +/- 0.80 mg/24hr for alpha- and beta-pregnanediol,
      respectively. Mean values of pregnantriol were at the same level and ranged from
      0.25 to 1.42 mg/24 hr. Single determination of these compounds in 8 healthy men
      (aged 19-42) revealed the mean excretion values (+/- S.D.) 0.96 +/- 0.17 mg/24
      hr, 1.24 +/- 0.40 mg/24 hr, 1.12 +/- 0.65 mg/24 hr for alpha- and beta
      pregnanediol and pregnanetriol, respectively.

PMID- 178499
TI  - ACTH and growth hormone relationship in fetal rat adrenal steroidogenesis in
      vitro.
AB  - The effects of growth hormone and ACTH, alone or in combination, on fetal rat
      adrenal steroidogenesis in vitro were examined on the last day of intrauterine
      development. ACTH increased, while growth hormone did not affect fetal adrenal
      weight. ACTH increased fetal rat adrenal steroidogenesis, hydroxylation of 4-14C
      progesterone to corticosterone, 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone, 11
      hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone. Growth hormone alone had no effect on
      fetal adrenal steroidogenesis. ACTH and growth hormone administered together
      increased the conversion of progesterone to the above mentioned steroids to a
      greater extent than ACTH alone. The results indicate that growth hormone may
      participate in the fetal rat adrenal steroidogenesis potentiating the effects of
      fetal pituitary ACTH.

PMID- 178500
TI  - The fate of serotonin released from the intrathyroidal mast cells in albino rat.
AB  - After the administration of 500 muC of 3H-5-HT the mast cells were degranulated
      by 1500 IU of PO B. The grains were found within the follicular cells and in the
      vicinity and wall of the arterioles. These findings support both the direct and
      indirect (vascular) mechanism of action exerted by serotonin on the thyroid
      function.

PMID- 178502
TI  - Effect of oestradiol on cyclic AMP concentration in the anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 178501
TI  - Investigations on isolated islets of Langerhans in vitro. XIII. Experiments
      concerning the preparation conditions with collagenase.
AB  - During the digestion of pancreatic pieces with collagenase for prepartion of
      isolated islets the enzymes in incubation medium (collangenolytic and/or
      proteolytic) can alter the secretion behavior of A- and B-cells. Insulin release
      after such an enzymatic attack is characterized by an enhanced basal secretion
      and a diminished and delayed glucose response. Overdigestion results in a
      decreased glucagon secretion in response to arginine, a diminished insulin
      content, and a decreased thiol-protein-disulfide-oxidoreductase activity of the
      islets. Increased albumin concentrations did not prevent the collagenase effect.

PMID- 178504
TI  - Molecular sites of bioactivation of insecticides.

PMID- 178503
TI  - Clay-organic complexes and interaction: aromatic molecules.

PMID- 178506
TI  - The role of detoxication mechanisms other than mixed-function oxidases in
      resistance.

PMID- 178505
TI  - Stimulation of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver by 1,1,1,
      trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile
      (PCN), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's).

PMID- 178507
TI  - Interactions between different factors or mechanisms of resistance to
      insecticides in insects.

PMID- 178508
TI  - Cholinergic system of insects and action mechanism of insecticides.

PMID- 178509
TI  - In vitro cellular radiosensitivity of human malignant tumors.

PMID- 178510
TI  - Growth of Morris hepatoma No. 7794A with and without vitamin B6. Effect of
      inoculation time.

PMID- 178512
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of H-1 parvovirus replication. III. Intracellular
      localization of viral antigens with immunocytochrome c.

PMID- 178511
TI  - Collagen in developing chick muscle in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 178513
TI  - The effect of cytochalasin B and colchicine on concanavalin A induced vacuolation
      in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

PMID- 178514
TI  - Studies on the stimulation of cAMP metabolism in human lymphocytes by latex
      polymers.

PMID- 178515
TI  - Cytological detection of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.

PMID- 178516
TI  - The solubility characteristics of SV 40 tumor antigen.

PMID- 178517
TI  - Regulation of collagenase activity in the ulcerating cornea by cyclic-AMP.

PMID- 178518
TI  - Calcium and magnesium content of rodent photoreceptor cells as inferred from
      studies of retinal degeneration.

PMID- 178519
TI  - Functional denervation in the soleus muscle of dystrophic mice.

PMID- 178520
TI  - Periodicities in the rate of on-demand electrical stimulation of the
      mesencephalic reticular formation to maintain wakefulness.

PMID- 178521
TI  - Effects of starvation and Ca++ on glucose-induced accumulation of cyclic 3',5'
      AMP in pancreatic islets.
AB  - Exposure to glucose in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine leads to
      accumulation of cAMP in islets microdissected from ob/ob mice. This process is
      dependent on extracellular Ca++ but differs markedly from the glucose action on
      insulin release in the same in vitro system in disappearing after 18 h of
      starvation.

PMID- 178523
TI  - Reinterpretation of the ultrastructure of cartilage matrix.
AB  - The epiphyseal cartilage from new-born mouse was treated with collagenase in two
      ways: either before fixation or after glutaraldehyde fixation. The electron dense
      granules of the matrix were not seen in the micrographs of cartilage treated with
      collagenase before fixation. It is concluded that collagen plays a definite role
      in the formation of the granules at the time of tissue fixation and that the
      granules are fixation artifacts.

PMID- 178522
TI  - Adenyl cyclase activity of mouse liver membranes after incubation with endotoxin
      and epinephrine.
AB  - Adenyl cyclase activity in isolated mouse liver cell membranes was stimulated two
      fold by endotoxin. Furthermore, endotoxin inhibited epinephrine induction of
      adenyl cyclase activity, apparently through interruption of the phospholipid
      moiety of the enzyme complex.

PMID- 178524
TI  - Effect of ACTH on the zona reticularis of the rat adrenal cortex: an
      ultrastructural stereologic study.
AB  - The effects of ACTH on the rat adrenal zona reticularis were investigated by
      stereologic methods. It was found that the zona reticularis cell responsiveness
      to ACTH is similar to that of the zona fasciculata elements. This excludes that
      the zona reticularis of the adult rat can only function as the site of
      destruction of worn-out elements migrating from the adrenal outer zones.

PMID- 178525
TI  - Monolayer cultures of normal adult rat adrenocortical cells: steroidogenic
      responses to nucleotides, bacterial toxins and antimicrotubular agents.
AB  - Monolayer cultures of normal rat adrenocortical cells were treated with agents
      which stimulate steroidogenesis by Y-1 adrenal tumour cells. Choleragen was
      active, whereas cyclic nucleotides other than cyclic AMP, bacterial endotoxins
      and antimicrotubular agents were inactive.

PMID- 178527
TI  - Increase in membrane conductance by adrenaline in parotid acinar cells.
AB  - It is shown that excitation of the alpha- or beta-adrenoceptors in mouse parotid
      acinar cells causes a marked reduction of surface cell membrane resistance. The
      alpha-adrenoceptor induced membrane effect is an increase in K conductance. The
      beta-adrenoceptor induced membrane effect does not seem to be mediated by cyclic
      AMP.

PMID- 178526
TI  - Regulatory properties of the citrate synthase from Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - Citrate synthase, purified 600-fold from Rhodospirillum rubrum, is activated by
      KCl and inhibited by ATP and NADH; the effect of the latter inhibitor is
      completely counteracted by AMP and partially counteracted by KCl.

PMID- 178528
TI  - Tumor incidence in Visna virus inoculated mice.
AB  - Mice (female Swiss albino) inoculated when newborn with Visna virus had tumors in
      77% of cases when examined 8-12 months later. The tumors were mainly of the
      mammary carcinoma type. The tumor incidence in non-infected control animals was
      only 20%. In contrast, no increased incidence of tumors was observed among Visna
      virus-inoculated inbred mice (BALB/c, CBA and DBA) with low incidence of
      spontaneous mammary carcinoma.

PMID- 178529
TI  - Chromatographic conditions in the expression of corticosteroid receptor
      specificity.
AB  - It is shown that cytosol preparations bound with various concentrations of a
      steroid are necessary to reveal physicochemically distinct, heterogeneous and
      polymorphic receptors present in the hormone specific target organ, that these
      cannot be fully appreciated in one-shot experiments at suboptimal steroids
      levels, and that they escape detection by equilibrium binding and Scatchard
      analysis alone.

PMID- 178530
TI  - A new synthesis of benzoyl phosphate: a substrate for acyl phosphatase assay.

PMID- 178531
TI  - Chemodectoma of the nasopharynx.

PMID- 178532
TI  - [Use of the thin-layer chromatographic method for pharmaceutical analysis].

PMID- 178533
TI  - The investigation of regulatory transition in D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase quaternary structure.

PMID- 178534
TI  - Properties and partial purification of the methane-oxidising enzyme system from
      Methylosinus trichosporium.

PMID- 178535
TI  - Pituitary cyclic AMP production and mechanism of luteinizing hormone release.

PMID- 178536
TI  - 17O hyperfine interaction in the EPR spectrum of fungal laccase A.

PMID- 178537
TI  - The requirement for a membrane component to demonstrate the inhibition of cell
      free protein synthesis by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 178538
TI  - The mechanism of K+-stimulated exogenous NADH oxidation in plant mitochondria.

PMID- 178539
TI  - The enzymatic reduction of K-vitamins incorporated in the membrane of liposomes.

PMID- 178540
TI  - Effects of cholinergic agents and sodium ions on the levels of guanosine and
      adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphates in neuroblastoma and neuroblastoma X glioma
      hybrid cells.

PMID- 178541
TI  - Tissue specific differences in the 2'-O-methylation of eukaryotic 5.8S ribosomal
      RNA.

PMID- 178542
TI  - Studies of the hydrolyses of triacylglycerols in chylomicrons, very low- and low
      density lipoproteins by C-i activated lipoprotein lipase from post-heparin plasma
      of normal human subjects.

PMID- 178543
TI  - The process of formation of the 5' -terminal modified structure in messenger RNA
      of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.

PMID- 178544
TI  - Concanavalin A ibhibition of liver plasma membrane-bound cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 178545
TI  - Adenosine 3' ;5' cyclic phosphorothioate: an efficient inducer of amylase
      secretion in rat parotid slices.

PMID- 178546
TI  - [Identification of drug preparations with a base character in the form of
      arylsulfimidates].

PMID- 178547
TI  - [Extractive spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of the
      dipfezil].

PMID- 178548
TI  - Changes in the protein conformation of human spermatozoal membranes after
      treatment with cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and human follicular fluid.
AB  - Infrared spectra in the amide I and amide II regions of acrosomal membranes
      isolated from ejaculated human spermatozoa indicate the presence of a high
      proportion of the constitutive proteins in the most stable protein configuration,
      the antiparallel beta-conformation. Since the infrared spectra obtained with the
      membranes suspended in D2O or after extraction of the lipid components do not
      show any significant change, it can be postulated that the antiparallel pleated
      sheet conformation of human spermatozoal membrane proteins is independent of the
      hydrated state and of the lipid constitution of the membrane.

PMID- 178549
TI  - [Membrane defect as a basic disorder of the growth control mechanism in psoriasis
      pathogenetic concept and therapeutic consequences (author's transl)].
AB  - The system glycocalyz - membrane bound enzymes - cAMP may be regarded as a
      regulatory mechanism for the control of epidermal growth. The glycocalyz of the
      epithelial cell membrane is obviously a receptor and accumulator for agents
      stimulating adenyl cyclase and other membrane-bound enzymes of energy
      utilisation; cAMP, on the other hand, serves as an intracellular 'mediator'
      between proliferative stimuli and the DNA of the keratinocytes. Numerous
      cytological, cytochemical, and enzymatic biochemical studies indicate that this
      mechanism is profoundly disturbed in psoriasis, particularly at the membrane
      bound stage.

PMID- 178550
TI  - Acceleration of amphibian embryonic melanophore development by melanophore
      stimulating hormone, N6,O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and
      theophylline.

PMID- 178551
TI  - Role of cAMP in the release from dormancy of freshwater sponge gemmules.

PMID- 178552
TI  - Denervation effects on aspartate carbamyl transferase, thymidine kinase, and
      uridine kinase activities in newt regenerates.

PMID- 178553
TI  - Enzymatic activities in mitochondria isolated from the rat brain during
      development.
AB  - In an attempt to discern whether mitochondrial changes during ontogeny are due to
      increases in number of mitochondria or to increases in number plus changes in
      their organization, we investigated the enzymatic markers of the inner and outer
      membranes of mitochondria from cerebral cortex and subcortical material in young
      and adult rats. We conclude from the data gathered that significant changes do
      occur in mitochondrial organization, that gradual maturation occurs in the inner
      membrane during development, especially in the cerebral cortex and considerably
      less so in the subcortical structures. We found no such changes in the sturucture
      of the outer membrane during the periods of development examined.

PMID- 178554
TI  - Insulin receptors in cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - In order to study human insulin resistance, we have first characterized the
      interaction of insulin with specific insulin receptors in cultures of normal
      human fibroblasts. 125 I-insulin bound rapidly to human fibroblasts in suspension
      at 15 degrees,  achieving steady state between one and three hours. Insulin was
      not degraded during the binding assays. In competitive binding experiments, 2
      ng/ml. (3.3 X 10(-10) M) of unlabeled insulin reduced 125 I-insulin binding by 50
      per cent. Insulin analogues competed for binding in proportion to their biologic
      potencies. A curvilinear Scatchard plot was obtained, suggesting the existence of
      negatively cooperative site-site interactions among the insulin receptors. This
      was confirmed directly by studies of the dissociation kinetics. The high
      affinity, specificity, and negative cooperativity of the fibroblast insulin
      receptor closely resembles the properties of other human insulin receptors. The
      cultuted human  fibroblast should prove a useful tissue for the study of insulin
      resistant states in man.

PMID- 178555
TI  - Cyclic  nucleotides in pancreatic islets. Tolbutamide- and arginine-induced
      insulin release.
AB  - With the use of isolated rat islet perfusion, levels of the islet cyclic
      adenosine 3' ,5' -monophosphate (cAMP) were compared with dynamic insulin
      secretion induced by tolbutamide and arginine. Tolbutamide elevated islet cAMP
      rapidly and augmented both glucose-induced islet cAMP levels and insulin
      secretion; arginine, however, did not elevate islet cAMP but did enhance glucose
      induced insulin secretion. Since the latter result could have been modulated by
      cyclic guanosine 3' ,5' -monophosphate, this cyclic nucleotide was also measured
      and found to remain unchanged during stimulation of insulin secretion by arginine
      and a combination or arginine and glucose. Thus, the action of tolbutamide
      appears to  be modulated in part by cAMP, whereas arginine appears to augment
      insulin secretion independently of cyclic nucleotides.

PMID- 178556
TI  - Some considerations in the preparation of raioiodoinsulin for radioimmunoassay
      and receptor assay.
AB  - 125I-insulins, prepared by iodination with chloramine T in marked excess or by
      stepwise, stoichiometric addition of the oxidizing agent, were compared with
      respect both to their molecular distribution of iodine and to their suitability
      for use in a cultured lymphocyte receptor assay. Iodination of insulin in aqueous
      solution results in the same distribution of iodine atoms, independent of
      experimental method and dependent only on the average iodine number. This
      distribution can be calculated on the basis of a Monte Carlo simulation, For
      insulin iodinated at an average of 0.8 I atoms per molecule, approximately 50 per
      cent of the radioactivity is in other than monoiodoninsulin. Purification methods
      that separate on the basis of charge, such as starch-gel electrophoresis, are
      then required, to obtain monoiodoinsulin. More highly iodinated insulin  do bind
      to the lymphocyte receptor, although, as in radioimmunoassay, the overiodinated
      species are less satisfactory for use as tracers. The shelf life of iodinated
      insulin appears to be related better to the average iodine content than to any
      other factor, presumably because of decay catastrophe. There is no evidence to
      suggest that exposure to chloramine T in marked excess for a few seconds is
      deleterious to insulin.

PMID- 178557
TI  - Diabetes mellitus in the guinea pig.
AB  - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus has been documented in a colony of guinea pigs. The
      contagious nature of the disease has been verified, but the nature of the
      infectious agent is not known. Animals from the original colony or animals
      exposed to the colony with normal glucose tolerance tests (GTT) became diabetic,
      as evidenced by elevated one- and four-hour GTT values, and in most cases have
      significant glycosuria. The severity of pathologic changes in the pancreatic
      islets parallel, in general, the severity of the clinical symptoms (glycosuria
      and abnormal GTT). Those animals with severe glycosuria and elevated FBS as well
      as one- and four-hour GTT values had the most pronounced degranulation and most
      prominent cytoplasmic inclusions in islet B cells. The severity of scarring in
      the islets can be correlated with the duration of the overt diabetic state. The
      other clinical parameters of note were elevated serum triglycerides, normal serum
      but elevated aortic cholesterol, and absence of ketonemia or ketonuria. The
      reproductive capacity of diabetic females was compromised. While the clinical
      manifestations are mild or variable, the presence of significant islet pathology
      is reminiscent of human juvenile diabetes mellitus. These findings lend support
      to the concept that infectious and/or immune mechanisms could be operative in the
      etiology and pathogenesis of human diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 178559
TI  - Preparative action of carbon tetrachloride in liver tumorigenesis by a single
      application of N-butylnitrosourea in male ICR/JCL strain mice.
AB  - A dose of 10 or 20 mg of N-butylnitrosourea (BNU) dissolved in 50% ethanol was
      administered by a gastric tube to 6-week-old male ICR/JCL strain mice and they
      were sacrificed 15 months later. One of 18 animals developed a hepatoma, but none
      of the mice given CCl4 in 0.1 ml of 50% oliver oil subcutaneously at the right
      thigh developed hepatoma. However, a marked enhancement of hepatoma induction was
      observed in mice injected with CCl4 one day before the single intragastric
      administration of BNU, with 12 out of 28 mice developing one or more hepatomas
      (average 3.2/mouse) ranging in diameter from 0.5 to 1.5 cm. By extending the
      administration interval between CCl4 and BNU to 1 week or 1 month, or by
      reversing the order of administration, the hepatotumorigenic action was virtually
      lost. There was no occurrence of hepatoma but a predominant development of
      leukemia, of either thymic or nonthymic origin, was observed in mice of younger
      age treated with CCl4 one day before continuous oral administration of BNU (1
      mg/day/mouse). It is thus concluded that the preparative (cocarcinogenic) action
      of CCl4 is indispensable for hepatotumorigenesis with a single large dose of BNU.

PMID- 178560
TI  - Lack of correlation between the presence of estrogen receptor and histological
      type of mammary cancer induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene.
AB  - The relation between the histological type and the presence of estrogen receptor
      or response to oophorectomy was investigated in the mammary cancer induced by
      7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene in Spargue-Dawley rats. The estrogen receptor
      was present in 75.0% (3/4) of poorly differentiated cancer and in 62.5% (10/16)
      of well-differentiated cancer. The histological degree of differentiation or
      grading of the rat mammary cancer did not affect the presence of the estrogen
      receptor or response to oophorectomy. In contrast, there was clearly a good
      correlation between the presence of the receptor and response to oophorectomy.

PMID- 178558
TI  - Interactions polypeptide hormones with cell membrane specific receptors: studies
      with insulin and glucagon.

PMID- 178561
TI  - Intracisternal A particles in transplantable reticulum cell sarcoma of rats.
AB  - Electron microscopic examination on three lines of transplantable reticulum cell
      sarcomas, induced spontaneously in the mesenteric lymph nodes of inbred strain
      ACI rats, proved the presence of intracisternal A particles in all the three
      tumor lines. The doughnut-shaped particles measured 50 to 70 nm and were seen to
      bud from the membranes of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Frequency of
      appearance of these particles varied with the tumor line.

PMID- 178562
TI  - Possible retention of the estrogen-binding capacity after endocrine ablation
      therapy in the rat and human breast cancer.
AB  - The estrogen-binding capacity of the regrowing tumors after endocrine ablation
      surgery was estimated in the rat and human breast cancer. All of 4 tumors that
      had not had the estrogen receptor before oophorectomy did not show the estrogen
      binding capacity after the procedure, in the mammary cancer in the Sprague-Dawley
      rat induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, whereas all the 4 tumors that had
      the receptor before the procedure showed the binding capacity after oophorectomy.
      In 4 patients who had been subjected to the major endocrine ablation therapy
      because of metastatic breast cancer with effective response, the secondary
      metastatic deposits of cancer showed the estrogen-binding capacity long after the
      endocrine ablation. The fact that regrowing tumors after complete or partial
      regression of initial tumors by endocrine ablation retain the estrogen receptor
      seems to be contradictory to the classical concept of autonomy in recurrence of
      the breast cancer after hormonal manipulation.

PMID- 178563
TI  - Histological grading, histochemistry, and electron microscopy of scirrhous
      carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Twenty-six scirrhous carcinomas of the breast were divided into three
      histological grades of malignancy; low (Grade I), intermediate (Grade II), and
      high (Grade III), and the correlation of the grades with histochemical and
      electron microscopic findings in both tumor cells and host tissues was examined.
      The tumor cells contained increased amounts of lysosomal acid phosphatase and
      beta-glucuronidase. This increase was most marked in Grade I and II tumors and
      the increase was consistent with lysosome-like fine structures. Both
      intracytoplasmic lumina and microvilli against stroma were characteristic
      findings of carcinoma cells and they were mostly found in Grade I and II tumors.
      Segments of intact basal laminae and myoepithelial cells were also found in Grade
      I and II carcinomas. The stroma contained moderately increased amounts of
      intracellular acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, independent of tumor
      grade. The stroma also contained a large amount of acid mucopolysaccharide ground
      substance, irrespective of the three grades. There was a striking difference in
      the ultrastructural organization of the stroma between normal and neoplastic
      tissues. Although fragmented elastic fibers and increased amount of acid
      mucopolysaccharide granules, and macrophages rich in phagolysosomes were
      prominent fine structures of the stroma of carcinomas, there was no apparent
      difference in them among the three grades of malignancy.

PMID- 178564
TI  - Electron microscopy of C-particles and small vesicles in a transplantable rat
      ascites hepatoma-66F.
AB  - Transplantable rat ascites hepatoma AH-66F was examined by an electron
      microscope.  C-particles were numerously observed in the intercellular spaces and
      on the cell surface. The size of these particles varied from 90 to 200 nm in
      diameter. Small vesicles were also observed. These vesicles ranged from 40 to 50
      nm in diameter. Most of them were located near the group of C-particles.
      Occasionally, small vesicles were observed in the form of a rosette around the C
      particles.

PMID- 178565
TI  - Influence of sex hormones on kidney tumors induced in rats with N
      butylnitrosourea.
AB  - A total 39 kidney tumors were induced by a continuous oral administration of N
      butylnitrosourea (BNU) in 33 out of 204 rats of W/Fu strain and of 41 (W/Fu X
      ACI/N)F1 rats. No spontaneous renal tumors were observed among 66 males and 109
      females of W/Fu rats which survived beyond the age of 19 months. Histologically,
      renal cell and mesenchymal types were commonly observed; 24 cases belonging to
      the former and 11 cases to the latter. Two cases of nephroblastoma were also
      encountered. There was no sex difference in renal tumorigenesis with BNU as a
      whole. Castration in both sexes was apparently inhibitory for kidney tumor
      development. Estrogenization of castrated rats either by syngeneic ovary graft or
      by repeated injections of estradiol benzoate enhanced tumor induction with BNU.
      Progesterone was not effective in restoring the tumor incidence in castrated
      rats. Distribution of histological types of tumors thus induced differed among
      the hosts with different hormonal conditions; in males the majority was renal
      cell type, whereas almost all mesenchymal tumor and nephroblastoma cases were
      found in intact females or estrogenized rats. BNU induced a variety of tumors in
      several organs including cerebral hemisphere, peripheral nerves, mammary glands,
      hematopoietic system, digestive tracts, and so on. However, such concurrence did
      not affect the development of renal tumors in the present study.

PMID- 178566
TI  - Collagenolytic enzyme in solid Tawa sarcoma.
AB  - In order to demonstrate a collagenolytic enzyme in a tumor, solid Tawa sarcoma
      was subjected to a tissue culture technique. Salt- and acid-soluble collagen used
      as substrate was extracted from the rat skin and tail tendon. The tumor mass used
      was obtained on the 5th, 8th, and 11th days after subcutaneous transplantation of
      ascites Tawa sarcoma cells. Each tissue fragment in the inner and outer layers of
      the tumor mass was incubated on collagen gel at 37 degrees for 4 days, and
      collagenolytic activity was determined by comparing the relative content of
      hydroxyproline in the attacked collagen which was separated by means of
      centrifugation. All fragments were found to possess collagenolytic activity with
      some variation. Higher activity was observed in the outer layer than in the inner
      layer. Tumor fragments were cultured, and the collagenolytic enzyme was isolated
      from the culture medium and concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and
      acrylamide disc electrophoresis. Collagenolytic enzyme activity was examined for
      its mode of attack on native collagen.

PMID- 178567
TI  - [Rare viral hepatitis].

PMID- 178568
TI  - Cimetidine inhibits caffeine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in man.
AB  - In animals, gastric acid secretion stimulated by the methyl xanthine,
      theophylline, was not inhibited by histamine H2-receptor antagonists. In this
      study the effect in man of the H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, on gastric
      acid secretion stimulated by the methyl xanthine, caffeine, was examined.
      Caffeine was given intravenously for 2 hr in a dose of 9 mg per kg-hr to 5
      patients with duodenal ulcer and 5 normal subjects. Three hundred milligrams of
      cimetidine administered orally 30 min before the start of the caffeine infusion
      completely abolished the acid secretory response in all subjects, decreasing acid
      secretion to less than basal rates. It is concluded that in man the H2-receptor
      antagonist, cimetidine, abolished the acid secretory response to the methyl
      xanthine, caffeine.

PMID- 178569
TI  - Activation of intestinal mucosal adenylate cyclase by Shigella dysenteriae I
      enterotoxin.
AB  - Because the mechanism whereby Shigella dysenteriae I enterotoxin induces
      intestinal secretion is unclear, the effect of this toxin on adenylate cyclase
      activity in rabbit ileal mucosa was studied under various in vitro and in vivo
      conditions. Activation of adenylate cyclase by Shigella enterotoxin was observed
      only when substrate (ATP) concentrations above the Km of adenylate cyclase were
      employed. These concentrations of ATP are greater than those required to
      demonstrate activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin. Under optimal assay
      conditions, doses of Shigella toxin between 5.4 and 900 mug of toxin protein and
      in vivo incubation times between 6 and 18 hr all increased adenylate cyclase
      activity by about 100%. Shigella toxin produced significant but highly variable
      increases in mucosal cyclic AMP concentrations, which were less that the rises
      seen with a comparable dose of cholera toxin. This variability in cyclic AMP
      response to Shigella toxin and the disparity between Shigella and cholera toxins'
      effects on mucosal cyclic AMP are probably the result of the different kinetics
      of adenylate cyclase activated by these enterotoxins. Mucosal Na-K-ATPase
      activity was unaffected by Shigella toxin. These observations suggest that
      alterations in fluid and electrolyte transport induced by Shigella enterotoxin
      may, in part, be mediated by the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system.

PMID- 178570
TI  - [Reasons for development of chromosome aberrations in cells of a culture of human
      embryonal fibroblasts infected with herpes simplex virus].
AB  - The object of this investigation was the role of lysosomic and virus-induced
      aberrations in cells of the culture of embryonic human fibroblasts infected with
      herpes simplex virus. It was established that the frequency of cells with
      chromosomal abnormalities in infected cultures in 4 and 9 hours after infection
      was 15,2% and 23,7% respectively, being 2% in the control culture. Stablization
      of lysosomal membranes with hydrocortisone or the inhibition of lysosome enzymes
      by trypan blue resulted in the decrease of the proportion of aberrant cells down
      to the control level in 4 hours after the infection, while in 9 hours after the
      infection it was higher, than in the control, although significantly lower, than
      in the cultures infected with the virus, but not subjected to any treatment
      suppressing the mutagenic effect of the virus. The suppression of the
      transcription of the viral genome by actinomycin D did not decrease the
      proportion of aberrant cells in 4 hours after the infection, while in 9 hours
      after the infection it was significantly lower, than in the infected cultures not
      treated with actinomycin D, but higher, than in the control. Simultaneous
      suppression of the effect of virus-induced enzymes by actinomycin D and lysosome
      enzymes by hydrocortisone or trypan blue decreased efficiently the proportion of
      aberrant cells down to the control level both after 4 and after 9 hours following
      the infection. Apparently chromosome aberrations in embryonic human fibroblasts
      infected with herpes simplex virus are caused both by lysosomal and by virus
      induced enzymes. Possibly in different virus-cell systems the relative role of
      these two factors can be considerably different from one another.

PMID- 178571
TI  - [Mutagenesis under the influence of simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40). I.
      Induction of chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster cells during the first
      days following infection].
AB  - Chromosome aberrations were studied in cultured chinese hamster cells on the 1-
      4th days after infection with Simian Virus 40. In the first and second mitoses
      after infection a statistically significant increase of the percentage of
      aberrant metaphases was observed (up to 22% as compared to 8--10% in intact
      cells). Already after 3 days following treatment the percentage of aberrant
      metaphases decreased sharply, reaching the control level. The virus induced a
      significant increase of the frequency of chromosome and chromatid breaks, as well
      as the appearance of fragments of an unknown origin. Chromosome breaks were
      distributed randomly among 5 morphologically distinct chromosome groups,
      according to the comparative length of respective chromosomes. An increase of the
      frequency of gaps and coiling deficiencies was also observed in virus-infected
      cultures. An earlier appearance of the first mitosis was observed in virus
      treated cultures. It is suggested that the mutagenic effect of SV40 in the cells
      studied may be related to mechanisms controlling the integration of viral genomes
      into the cell chromosomes.

PMID- 178572
TI  - [Mutagenesis under the influence of simian virus 40 (SV40). II. Induct?ION OF
      MUTATIONS RESULTING IN RESISTANCE TO PURINE BASE ANALOGS IN HUMAN AND Chinese
      hamster cells].
AB  - Induction of gene mutations by SV40 was studied in aneuploid human and Chinese
      hamster cell lines. It is shown that SV40 penetrates into the cells studied and
      induces the T-antigen synthesis. The efficiency of the infection in Chinese
      hamster cells was tested additionally by the ability of infected cells to form
      colonies in the medium lacking serum growth factor. The maximal number of colony
      forming cells was detected 24 hours after the infection. By culturing cells in
      factor-free medium a Chinese hamster cell subline was isolated, which proved to
      synthetize T-antigen within 60 days after the virus treatment. This is regarded
      as an indirect proof of the integration of viral genome into the cell genome. The
      increased frequency of mutants resistant to 60 mkg/ml of 8-azaguanine (human
      cells) and to 15 mkg/ml of 6-mercaptopurine (hamster cells) was observed on the 1
      -4th days following the infection. The analysis of the results of all experiments
      taken together revealed that the induction is highly significant according to
      Wilcoxon (greater than 0.99). The resistance of the isolated clones proved to be
      stable after the prolonged culturing under non-selective conditions. It is
      suggested that viral genome integration, gene mutations and chromosome
      aberrations may have common molecular mechanisms. The role of gene mutations in
      virus-induced carcinogensis and tumour progression is discussed.

PMID- 178573
TI  - [Predominant loss of hamster chromosomes in hybrids of somatic cells from the
      Dzungarian hamster and mice].
AB  - By means of the application of UV-inactivated Sendai virus interspecific hybrids
      of Dzungarian hamsterXmouse somatic cells were obtained in HAT selective medium.
      Karyotypic changes in these hybrid somatic cells were recorded during a 13
      months' period. In the beginning each hybrid somatic cell contained 1 chromosome
      set of Dzungarian hamster and 1 mouse chromosome set. It was observed that
      throughout 13 months' of cultivation the elimination of Dzungarian hamster
      chromosomes prevailed over that of mouse chromosomes.

PMID- 178574
TI  - Three genes determine the carboxin sensitivity of mitochondrial succinate
      oxidation in aspergillus nidulans.

PMID- 178575
TI  - The value of occupational therapy in rehabilitation.

PMID- 178576
TI  - [Quantitative determination of the enteroviruses from waters with a varying
      degree of pollution].

PMID- 178578
TI  - [Relationships between genital herpes simplex virus and cervix carcinoma. A
      review].

PMID- 178579
TI  - Effect of prostaglandins on cell function and multiplication of parainfluenza 3
      viruses in WISH cells.
AB  - Cytotoxic effect of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha on cells grown in vitro and the
      influence of these compounds on multiplication of myxovirus parainfluenza 3 were
      investigated. The prostaglandins were added to culture medium (0-01-10 mug/ml) 24
      hr before virus infection, or for 2 and 48 hr after inoculation with viruses.
      WISH cells and monkey kidney cell cultures were used. No direct cytotoxic effect
      of prostaglandins at concentrations 0-01-1 mug/ml was found (viability,
      supravital staining, phase-contrast system, Nitro-BT reduction and succinic
      dehydrogenase tests), whereas the concentration of 10 mug/ml within 48 hr led to
      reduction and succinic dehydrogenase tests), whereas the concentration of 10
      mug/ml within 48 hr led to partial injury of the cell population with symptoms of
      damage to mitochondria. Prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha inhibited multiplication of
      parainfluenza 3 virus at concentrations 0-1-10 mug/ml. The inhibitory effect was
      most pronounced if prostaglandins were added to medium for the whole period of
      virus multiplication i.e. for 48 hr but little or no effect was found if they
      were added prior to inoculation or for 2 hr after it. Inhibitory effect of
      prostaglandins on replication phase of viruses is suggested.

PMID- 178577
TI  - Successful treatment of a malignant gastrinoma with streptozotocin.
AB  - The treatment with streptozotocin of a patient with metastatic gastrinoma is
      described. Two courses of intravenous streptozotocin were without effect.
      However, three months after two doses of 4 g streptozotocin were given into the
      coeliac axis, there was a marked reduction in hepatic size and a fall in fasting
      plasma gastrin levels from 1430 pmol/l to 240 pmol/l. Seven months after
      treatment fasting plasma gastrin levels were 125 pmol/l.

PMID- 178580
TI  - Histochemical localization of glucose-6-phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase in the
      digestive system of Ophiocephalus Channa punctatus.
AB  - The histochemical localization of G6Pase and 5-Nase in the digestive system of
      Ophiocephalus (Channa) punctatus was studied. The highest activities of these
      enzymes were found in the liver. Appreciable activity was also found in the
      anterior intestine (duodenum) and pyloric caeca. The activity faded toward the
      middle and posterior intestine and rectum. In the stomach the activity was
      moderate. The activity of 5-Nase was weaker than that of G6Pase. In the stomach
      the enzymes were localized in the mucosa and gastric glands. The absorptive
      columnar epithelial cells were the major sites of localization in the intestine.
      The goblet cells were negative. The G6Pase activity was associated with the
      cytoplasm, while the 5-Nase activity was found in the cell membranes and the
      nuclei.

PMID- 178581
TI  - Null carcinogenic effect of large doses of nitrosoproline and
      nitrosohydroxyproline in Wistar rats.

PMID- 178582
TI  - Toxin production by 50 strains of Penicillium used in the cheese industry.

PMID- 178583
TI  - Possible effects of aflatoxin consumption by man.

PMID- 178584
TI  - Pancreatic inclusions and its relation to boric acid poisoning: review of the
      literature and report of a case.
AB  - It is known among forensic and pediatric pathologists that the demonstration of
      pancreatic inclusions is considered to have diagnostic significance in cases of
      boric acid poisoning. Fisher was the first to suggest a causal relationship
      between the inclusions and boric acid toxicity. Valdes-Dapena and Arey paid
      particular attention to the pancreatic inclusions in reviewing the literature of
      cases of boric acid poisoning. They found the inclusions in 6 of the 55
      autopsies. This paper describes the finding of pancreatic inclusions in a fatal
      case of gastro-enteritis not associated with boric acid intoxication. The nature
      of the inclusion bodies was studied by light and electron microscopy.
      Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasmic inclusions represent a non-specific autophagic
      cell degenerative process. Toxicological examination of postmortem blood and
      viscera showed no evidence of boric acid toxicity. The desirability of
      toxicological analysis in cases of boric acid poisoning and the restricted value
      of pancreatic inclusions as a diagnostic tool are emphasised.

PMID- 178585
TI  - Interactions of 17beta-estradiol and L-norepinephrine on the rat uterus.
AB  - Norepinephrine increased the in vitro uptake of 3H-estradiol by the uterus of
      spayed rats. This effect was observed at 15 and 30 min but not at 90 min.
      Norepinephrine also increased the binding of 3H-estradiol by the nuclear (p less
      than 0.02) and the cytosol fractions (p less than 0.01) when incubated with
      uterine homogenates, suggesting that norepinephrine does not require the presence
      of the intact tissue to exert its effects. The in vivo uptake of 3H-estradiol and
      the determination of the number of binding sites were performed in the uterus of
      rats treated with estradiol and estradiol plus norepinephrine. Norepinephrine
      alone increased the uptake of 3H-estradiol and the number of binding sites. The
      highest increment in both parameters was observed in the uterus of rats treated
      with estradiol plus norepinephrine. The estradiol Ka of the rat uterus cytosol
      treated with estradiol alone or plus norepinephrine was higher than that observed
      in the group without estradiol, suggesting the presence of different proteins
      that bind estradiol. These results indicate that norepinephrine increases the
      entrance of estradiol into the rat uterus both in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 178587
TI  - Intramyofiber metastases in skeletal muscle.
AB  - Autopsy examination in a case of metastatic carcinoma revealed psoas muscle
      invasion with nests of tumor cells within individual myofibers. Such findings
      suggest that there is an intracellular route for the spread of malignant tumor in
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 178586
TI  - Interactions between the pituitary, thyroid and adrenal cortex during acute
      exposure to cold or to electric shocks in the rat.
AB  - In intact rats acclimated to 25 +/- 1 degrees C, acute exposure to cold resulted
      in simultaneous stimulation of TSH and ACTH secretion. The plasma TSH response to
      cold was identical at temperatures varying from +14 to -10 degrees C, whereas the
      adrenocortical response increased proportionally to the severity of cold. Acute
      stimulation of ACTH secretion by exposure to a stressful situation (electrical
      shocks) did not alter the TSH response to cold. Conversely, acute blockade of the
      pituitary-adrenocortical response by dexamethasone treatment did not enhance the
      TSH response to cold. Chronic stimulation of ACTH secretion resulting from
      adrenalectomy did not interfere with the TSH response during subsequent exposure
      to cold. However, a reduced adrenocortical response to cold was observed during
      chronic hypersecretion of TSH resulting from previous thyroidectomy. These
      findings do not support the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between TSH and
      ACTH secretions during acute cold exposure, but rather suggest that these
      secretions are independent.

PMID- 178588
TI  - Benign lymph node inclusions.
AB  - Whether obtained during a radical surgical procedure, or as the only tissue
      removed in various cancer staging procedures, or as incidental tissue, lymph
      nodes may yield pivotal histopathologic information relating to further
      disposition of the patient. Most important are those cases in which lymph node
      findings are relied upon to establish a diagnosis of malignant disease. The two
      cases presented here (in addition to the few reports in the literature) represent
      two heretofore unreported sites of occurrence of such benign inclusions. There is
      need for an awareness of the occurrence, benign nature, and potentially
      misleading associations with frequent sites of malignant change in which
      metastasis to regional lymph nodes is known to occur. Particularly with the
      growing use of mediastinoscopy the misinterpretation of such benign inclusions
      could prompt the insitution of incorrect and potentially hazardous therapy or a
      decision to withhold therapy.

PMID- 178589
TI  - Distribution of adenylate kinase and phosphoglucomutase isoenzymes in the
      population of the city of New York.
AB  - Blood samples from unrelated persons living in New York, N.Y., were examined for
      phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and adenylate kinase (AK) phenotypes, the sample
      consisting of 164 Caucasians, 133 Negroes, 129 persons of Spanish origin or
      descent, and 156 Chinese for PGM and 136 Caucasians, 134 Negroes, 136 persons of
      Spanish origin or descent, and 156 Chinese for AK. The PGM1 gene frequency was
      found to be 0.7774 for Caucasians, 0.8083 for Negroes, 0.7461 for Hispanic
      persons, and 0.7917 for Chinese. One Hispanic person had a very rare type, PGM 8
      1-FAST. The AK1 gene frequency was found to be 0.9669 for Caucasians, 0.9813 for
      Negroes, 0.9779 for Hispanic persons, and 1.000 for Chinese.

PMID- 178590
TI  - Polymorphism of red cell phosphoglucomutase, adenylate kinase and adenosine
      deaminase in a Polish population.
AB  - Genetic variants of PGM1, AK and ADA were studied in a sample of unrelated
      individuals from the Polish population. The gene frequencies observed are:
      PGM1/1: 0.715, AK1: 0.962 AND ADA1: 0.940.

PMID- 178591
TI  - The production of IgE and IgGa antibodies in normal rats and rats infected with
      Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.
AB  - The time courses of production of IgE and IgGa homocytotropic antibodies were
      measured in Wistar rats during a primary and secondary response to egg albumin
      with pertussis or Freund's adjuvants. An anamnestic IgE antibody response
      occurred in animals previously sensitized to antigen with killed Bordetella
      pertussis as adjuvant. IgGa  antibodies were formed in the primary response with
      Freund's complete adjuvant only, but were found during the secondary response
      with all adjuvants used. The time courses of formation of IgE and IgGa antibodies
      were very different during the secondary response. The production of both classes
      of antibody to egg albumin was studed in Wistar and Hooded Lister rats infected
      with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. IgGa antibody formation was not potentiated by
      the infection. However, increased levels of IgE antibody, formed during a
      secondary response to antigen in infected animals, were consistently higher in
      both strains than during a primary response.

PMID- 178592
TI  - Virological and serological investigations of an epidemic of encephalitis which
      occurred at Bankura district, West Bengal.

PMID- 178593
TI  - Isolation of phlebotomus (sandfly) fever virus from sandflies and humans during
      the same season in Aurangabad District, Maharashtra State, India.

PMID- 178594
TI  - Critical evaluation of Kyasanur Forest disease virus neutralizing antibodies
      found in bats (a preliminary report).

PMID- 178595
TI  - Genetically determined resistance to infection by hepatotropic influenza A virus
      in mice: effect of immunosuppression.
AB  - Mice carrying the gene Mx were resistant to the lethal action of a hepatotropic
      line of avian influenza A virus. In resistant animals, foci of liver necrosis
      were self-limiting, and maximal virus titers reached were much below those in
      susceptible animals. Resistance could not be abrogated by immunosuppressive
      treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, or procarbazine, although such
      treatment prevented cellular infiltration at sites of virus replication and
      appeared to delay virus clearance. Silica and thorium dioxide, thought to inhibit
      macrophage function, likewise failed to abolish resistance. Regenerating liver
      tissue did not support more extensive virus replication than did intact adult
      liver.

PMID- 178596
TI  - Cross-reacting herpes simplex virus antigens in hamster and mouse cells
      transformed by ultraviolet light-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2.
AB  - Murine and hamster cell lines, each transformed with a different strain of herpes
      simplex virus (HSV), were examined for cross-reacting antigens by in vitro and in
      vivo assays. A comparative study by the indirect immunofluorescence technique
      detected common cross-reacting viral antigens. Cytoplasmic fluorescence patterns
      were observed in the 333-8-9 hamster line, the H238 murine line, and the H238
      clonal lines; these patterns were identical to the fluorescence pattern of HSV -2
      infected controls when reacted with HSV antiserum. Tumor rejection studies in the
      BALB/c host indicated that each cell line provided immunity against a tumorigenic
      challenge of transformed mouse cells. The H238 clone EC1 3 provided a 53%
      immunity against itself at an inoculum of 10(6); the 333-8-9 line supported a 26%
      immunity. These data demonstrate a common HSV antigenicity between the murine and
      hamster transformed lines and further indicate that the HSV genome is involved in
      transformation.

PMID- 178597
TI  - Purification of hepatitis A antigen from feces and detection of antigen and
      antibody by immune adherence hemagglutination.
AB  - Hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) was purified from feces collected during acute
      illness from patients with naturally occurring viral hepatitis, type A. Positive
      fecal specimens were identified by immune electron microscopy, but for detection
      of HA Agduring purification immune adherence hemagglutination  (IAHA) and
      microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay were used. Isopycnic banding in cesium
      chloride, rate-zonal separation in sucrose, and preparative zonal electrophoresis
      were used in various combinations for successive purification, and the purified
      antigen was successfully used in a test for antibody by IAHA. Seronconversions to
      HA Ag were demonstrated by IAHA in 20 instances of hepatitis A virus infection,
      but in none of six cases of type B hepatitis or three cases of post-transfusion
      hepatitis unrelated to heaptitis A or B viruses, nor in two individuals without
      hepatitis. In addition, the temporal pattern of antibody development during type
      A hepatitis was studied in serial sera from an experimentally infected
      chimpanzee. Antibody titers by IAHA correlated well with antibody ratings
      determined by immune electron microscopy.

PMID- 178598
TI  - Comparison of guinea pig cytomegalovirus and guinea pig herpes-like virus: growth
      characteristics and antigentic relationship.
AB  - The growth characteristics of guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) and guinea pig
      herpes-like virus (GPHLV) in cell cultures were compared. Guinea pig fibroblast
      cells were highly susceptible to infection with both viruses, whereas guinea pig
      kidney cells were sensitive only to GPHLV. No cytopathic effect was observed in
      the latter cell system after infection with GPCMV,nor was there an increase in
      virus titer, although the cirus persisted in the kidney cells for 2 to 3 weeks
      postinfection. Electron microscope studies showed nonvirion tubular structures in
      GPCMV -infected fibroblast cells, but not in GPHLV- infected cells. Large
      packages of enveloped nuclear virus particles were commonly seen in GPHLV 
      infected cells, especially kidney epithelial cells, but none were found in the
      GPCMV -infected fibroblasts. Complete enveloped extracellular virus particles
      were present in both virus-cell systems. Both viruses showed narrow host spectra
      and replicated well only in guinea pig cells although GPHLV multiplied to some
      degree in rabbit cells. No antigenic relationship could be demonstrated between
      the two viruses using antisera specific for each virus that was produced in
      rabbits and guinea pigs. Rabbits produced high neutralizing antibody titers to
      GPHLV, whereas guinea pigs were the animals of choice for GPCMV antiserum
      production.

PMID- 178599
TI  - Comparison of guinea pig cytomegalovirus and guinea pig herpes-like virus:
      pathogenesis and persistence in experimentally infected animals.
AB  - The pathogenesis of guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) and guinea pig herpes-like
      virus (GPHLV) in guinea pigs was compared. Animals were inoculated with the two
      viruses by different routes and sacrificed after varying periods of time. GPCMV
      was consistently isolated from salivary gland 2 weeks postinoculation and
      thereafter following intraperitoneal or subcutaneous incoulaton. Virus was less
      frequently found in other tissues including blood, spleen, and kidney.
      Intranuclear inclusions were seen in tissue sections of salivary gland after
      inoculation with GPCMV- infected tissue suspension, but were only rarely found
      after inoculation with tissue culture virus. In GPHLV-infected guinea pigs,
      consistent latent infection of leukocytes and other tissues was detected by
      cocultivation techniques. Intranuclear inclusions were not found in the spleen,
      salivary gland, or other infected tissues after GPHLV infection with either
      tissue culture virus or infected tissue suspension. Guinea pigs inoculated with
      GPCMV produced high titers of specific neutralizing antibody to the homologous
      virus; those inoculated with GPHLV developed long-term viremia accompanied by
      minimal neutralizing antibody levels to the virus.

PMID- 178600
TI  - Attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to respiratory epithelium.
AB  - The attachment of radioisotope-labeled Mycoplasma pneumoniae to hamster tracheal
      rings in organ culture was examined by radioautography and liquid scintillation
      counting. Radioautographs of individual rings exposed for 8 h to (3H) thymidine
      labeled virulent M. pneumoniae revealed a dense extracellular collection of
      emulsion grains along the luminal surface of epithelial cells. Similar exposure
      of rings to isotope-labeled avirulent M. pneumoniae resulted in no accumulation
      of emulsion grains. The numbers of attached virulent mycoplasmas, as measured by
      liquid scintillation counting of infected rings, were found to increase in a
      nearly linear fashion over an 8-h incubation period. Viability of the mycoplasmas
      and metabolic integrity of the tracheal rings were important for optimal
      attachment. Pretreatment of rings with neuraminidase or sodium periodate
      significantly impaired orgainism adherence. These data suggest a specificity of
      interation between virulent M. pneumoniae and tracheal epithelial cells that can
      be further examined through the use of isotopically labeled mycoplasmas.

PMID- 178601
TI  - Effect of ambient temperatures on multiplication of attenuated transmissible
      gastroenteritis virus in the bodies of newborn piglets.
AB  - Newborn piglets were found to be more resistant to infection with attenuated
      transmissible gastroenteritis virus when maintained at higher temperatures. This
      was attributed to a decreased rate of virus propagation and spreading in the
      bodies of the infected animals. The highest virus levels were detected in the
      tissues of piglets maintained at 8 to 12 C. In contrast, no virus was recovered
      from piglets maintained at 35 to 37.5 C. The virus was found only in the lymph
      nodes and respiratory organs in the piglets maintained at 20 to 23 C.

PMID- 178602
TI  - Modified hemolytic plaque technique for the detection of bluetongue virus
      antibody-forming cells.
AB  - A hemolytic plaque assay was developed for the detection of antibody-forming
      cells to bluetongue virus (BTV). Sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), onto which BTV had
      been absorbed, served as the indicator of lysis due to the presence of BTV
      antibody-forming cells. The ratio of BTV to SRBC was found to be critical for
      optimum hemolytic plaque formation. For routine use, 50 mul of 12% BTV SRBC, 0.1
      ml of a spleen cell suspension, and 0.5 ml of 0.5% agarose in a balanced salt
      solution were mixed and plated on a microscope slide precoated with 0.1% aqueous
      agarose. Slides were incubated for 1 h at 37 C in a humidified incubator and
      subsequently flooded with 0.4 ml of a 1:15 dilution of complement. Incubation was
      continued for a further 2 h before the hemolytic plaques were scored. It was not
      possible to establish BTV serotype specificity by this technique.

PMID- 178603
TI  - Counteraction of poly(4-vinylpyridine-n-oxide) on the depression of viral
      interferon induction by coal dust.
AB  - The depressive activity of coal dust on interferon induction by influenza was
      markedly subverted when either coal dust or LLC-MK2 cell monolayers were
      pretreated with poly (4-vinylpyridine-N-oside). The polymer alone neither induced
      interferon synthesis, inhibited viral induction of interferon, influenced viral
      multiplication, nor affected cellular-induced resistance by interferon.
      Absorption of the polymer to coal dust not only occurred at a more rapid rate
      than to cell monolayers, but also less polymer was required to pretreat coal dust
      than cell monolayers to achieve comparable amelioration of interferon production.
      The polymer effectively negated the adverse activity of coal dust particles,
      irrespective of the latter's size (is less than 2.0 to 74.0 mum). Virus
      multiplication in the presence of coal dust=treated cell monolayers attained a
      level that was twofol higher than that noted with either polymer-pretreated coal
      dust or polymer-pretreated cell monolayers. Interferon production was almost
      completely inhibited in the presence of coal dust; pretreating coal dust or cells
      with the polymer abrogated this inhibitory activity of coal dust. It is
      tentatively suggested that coal dust particles per se directly interact with cell
      membranes to subvert interferon induction and that the formation of an absorbed
      polymerlayer on these complexes prevents their interaction.

PMID- 178604
TI  - Inhibition by zinc of hemolysis induced by bacterial and other cytolytic agents.
AB  - Zinc, cupric, and cadmium ions, in that order of effectiveness, inhibited lysis
      of washed, rabbit erythrocytes by the toxic bacterial product aerolysin.
      Hemolysis induced by a variety of other lytic agents was also inhibited by Zn2+
      in approximately the same concentration as that, 0.33 mM, needed to inhibit
      aerolysin-induced hemolysis. Zinc ions did not inhibit osmotic lysis. Inhibition
      requires the continues presence of Zn2+ and apparently involves a readily
      reversible binding of Zn2+ to the cell surface, which, it is postulated is
      accompanied by a reversible alteration in the state of the lipid bilayer.

PMID- 178606
TI  - Temperature-dependent inactivating factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A.
AB  - The adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      exotoxin A(PA toxin) was found to be rapidly destroyed by heating at 45 to 60C
      but not by heating at 70 to 90C (for at least 30 min). This phenomenon has been
      previously described for other bacterial toxins (staphylococcal alpha-toxin and
      Vibrio parahaemolyticus hemolysin) and is termed an Arrhenius effect. In
      contrast, the Arrhenius effect was not seen when the PA toxin was heat-treated as
      above and tested for cell toxicity or mouse lethality. Although the PA toxin
      treated at 70C for 30 min retained a significant proportion (is greater than 70%)
      of its adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase activity, the cell toxicity and
      mouse lethality of the toxin were virtually abolished. A temperature-dependent
      inactivating factor that has proteolytic activity and is co-purified with the PA
      toxin was shown to be responsible for the Arrhenius effect. PA toxin separated
      from the factor by conventional disc gel electrophoresis or PA toxin preparations
      lacking the factor did not show the Arrhenius effect.

PMID- 178605
TI  - Antinuclear antibodies and elevated anti-Epstein-Barr virus titers in cancer
      patients.
AB  - One and one-half percent of human sera from patients seen at a clinic for
      treatment of cancer contained antibodies to the nuclei of chick kidney cells by
      indirect immunofluorescence tests. In the group of sera containing antinuclear
      antibodies, the geometric mean titer to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen
      was significantly elevated. Sera obtained from normal adults or from patients
      with similar histological types of tumors that possessed no antinuclear
      antibodies contained lower levels of anti-EBV antibodies. The elevated titers to
      EBV were correlated with the presence or absence of antinuclear antibodies and
      not with a particular type or site of neoplastic disease.

PMID- 178608
TI  - Quantitative cytophotometry evaluated as a method for analyses of herpes simplex
      viral deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.
AB  - Feulgen deoxyribonucleic acid (F-DNA) microspectrophotometry was evaluated as a
      potential tool for quantification of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and
      2(HSV-2) DNA synthesis in single cells. Since HSV DNA synthesis has been
      extensively studied using incorporation of radioactive precursors into viral and
      cellular DNA, microspectrophotometric measures were correlated with biochemical
      data obtained using tritium-labeled thymidine ([3H]TdR). It was established that:
      (i) viral-induced increaae in F-DNA can be cytophotometrically detected between 1
      and 6 h postinjection (p.i.), which corresponds to the initial incorporation of
      [3H) TdR into viral DNA; (ii) peak F-DNA levels occurred 8 h p.i., which
      supported cytological observations of a more rapid development of an inclusion
      body in HSV-2-infected nuclei. Despite the fact that F-DNA cytophotometry is
      unable to distinguish between cell and viral DNA, the overall study supports the
      existence of a good correlation between data obtained using
      microspectrophotometric and conventional isotope methods. Furthermore,
      cytophotometry complements biochemical evaluations in that it permits analyses of
      DNA changes on a single-cell basis or the detection of infection in very small
      numbers of cells.

PMID- 178607
TI  - Pathogenesis of Sendai virus infection in the central nervous system of mice.
AB  - The present study was aimed to clarify the pathogenesis of Sendai virus infection
      to the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. One-to 2-day-old suckling and 4-week
      old mice were inoculated intracerebrally with the virus. The virus multiplied
      higher in suclings than in adults. Immunofluorescent studies in sucklings
      revealed that the viral antigens appeared initially in ependyma, choroid plexus
      epithelium, and meninges. Subsequently they spread to subependymal cells and
      finally were found in neurons of hippocampus for as long as 4 months
      postinfection. In adults, however, the viral antigens rapidly disappeared in the
      early stage. Most mice inoculated intracerebrally with Sendai virus appeared
      healthy, although hydropcephalus developed in a few mice. Virus-specific antibody
      and interferon production seemed to have no influence on the persistent infection
      of Sendai virus in the CNS of mice. One of the most significant findings may be
      that the viral antigens persist in the brain for as long as 4 months in a latent
      form. This may offer a useful model for the study of latent CNS infection of
      paramyxoviruses.

PMID- 178609
TI  - Efficacy of phosphonoacetic acid on herpes simplex virus infection of sensory
      ganglia.
AB  - Treatment of mice with phosphonoacetic acid markedly reduced the incidence of
      latent ganglionic infection with herpes simplex virus when administered within 24
      h after viral inoculation, but had no effect on an already established ganglionic
      infection.

PMID- 178610
TI  - Tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF) in human and animal tumours.
AB  - Extracts were made from Walker 256 carcinoma, spontaneous rat mammary
      adenocarcinoma, Wilms' tumour, human neuroblastoma and human haemangioma.
      Chromatography of the extracts on Sephadex G-100 yielded four fractions, A, B, C
      and D. Injection of fractions B and C resulted in the growth of new capillaries
      in the subcutaneous fascia or rats. Controls, e.g. similar extracts of rat liver
      or human kidney, did not induce neovascularisation. The endothelium of newly
      formed blood vessels contained many mitotic figures. A limitation of this method
      is that it is qualitative only. In order to develop a quantitative in vitro assay
      for a tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF), short-term primary cultures were
      initiated from adult rat brain white matter, as cells from such cultures were
      shown to be vascular in origin. Addition of fractions containing TAF (B and C)
      which were active in vivo failed to stimulate thymidine uptake by the cells. The
      possible reasons for this failure and the therapeutic potential of TAF in cancer
      control are discussed.

PMID- 178611
TI  - Establishment and characterization of a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line (U
      937).
AB  - A human hematopoietic cell line (U-937) with exceptional characteristics was
      derived from a patient with generalized histiocytic lymphoma. The morphology of
      the cell line was identical to that of the tumor cells in the pleural effusion
      from which the line was derived. Since Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) carrying diploid
      lymphoblastoid cell lines unrelated to the tumor population often become
      established in vitro from non-Burkitt lymphoma explants, several parameters were
      studied to discriminate the U-937 from such lines: morphology in vitro, growth
      characteristics, cytochemistry, surface receptor pattern, Ig production, lysozyme
      production, beta2-microglobulin production, presence of EBV genome and karyotype.
      In all these respects U-937 differed from prototype lymphoblastoid cell lines.
      The histiocytic origin of the cell line was shown by its capacity for lysozyme
      production and the strong esterase activity (naphtol AS-D acetate esterase
      inhibited by NaF) of the cells. It is therefore concluded that the U-937 is a
      neoplastic, histiocytic cell line.

PMID- 178612
TI  - Activation in vitro by BUdR of a productive EB virus infection in the epithelial
      cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - Material from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NCP) has been passaged in athymic
      (nude) mice to eliminate non-malignant infiltrating cells. The human origin and
      derivation from NPC malignant epithelial cells of the nude mouse tumours have
      been confirmed by chromosome examination, electron microscopy showing desmosomes
      and keratin fibrils, and postive EB virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) testing. Samples
      of the mouse-grown tumours were cultured and pure monolayers of epithelial cells
      were obtained which still expressed EBNA and contained desmosomes and keratin;
      these cultures grew well for about 3 weeks. Extensive electron microscope
      searches failed to reveal herpes virus particles. In contrast, cultures treated
      with BUdR showed typical immature and mature herpes virus particles in
      epithelial, keratin-containing cells, and immunofluorescence tests for virus
      capsid antigen with a battery of human sera identified this agent as EB virus. EB
      virus has thus, for the first time, been activated in NPC epithelial cells and
      shown to be capable of replication in a cell type other than a primate B
      lymphocyte.

PMID- 178613
TI  - Localization of mouse satellite DNA on chromosomes of experimentally induced
      glioblastomas; non-centromeric lable in one glioblastoma producing C-type
      particles.
AB  - The chromosomal localization of satellite DNA in two tissue culture lines derived
      -rom malignant mouse CNS tumors was investigated by in situ hybridization of 3H
      single-stranded satellite DNA purified by isopynic centrifugation in alkaline
      CSC1. Both tumors were glioblastomas originally induced by a methylcholanthrene
      implantation into the cerebrum of C3H mice; both displayed aneuploid chromosomal
      constitutions. One of these glioblastomas (TC 541) revealed labelling only of
      centromeric portions of the chromosomes even in cells containing greater than 200
      chromosomes and thus it had a pattern of satellite distribution comparable to
      that of normal cells. The other glioblastoma (TC 509), that produced C-type
      particles and had a decrease in satellite DNA, displayed interstitial and
      telomeric label in some chromosomes in addition to labelling of the centromeres.
      "Hoechst 33258" fluorescence showed some interstitial and telomeric bright bands
      as well as centromeric bright regions, though to be consistent with in situ
      studies. The localization of satellite DNA to the chromosome arms and its
      possible relation to C-type virus is discussed.

PMID- 178615
TI  - The effect of calcium chloride on the activity and inhibition of bacterial
      collagenase.
AB  - The enzymatic behavior and inhibition patterns of collagenase of Clostridium
      histolyticum in the presence of 0.5 M and 3.4 mM CaCl2 have been examined
      viscosimetrically. The more concentrated salt was found to enhance the rate of
      digestion of calfskin collagen when either measured viscosimetrically or
      colorimetrically by trinitrobenzenesulfonate. However, the rate of digestion of
      calfskin gelatin is unaffected by 0.5 M CaCl2 as determined colorimetrically.
      Calcium chloride also proved to have a marked effect on the inhibitory behavior
      of a series of imidazole compounds. Histidine (10mM) is about three-fold more
      effective as an inhibitor in 0.5 M CaCl2 than in 3.4 mM CaCl2, whereas a reverse
      effect is true for histamine, Imidazolylpropionate (10mM) was only weakly
      inhibitory (16%) in 0.5 M CaCl2 and not at all in 3.4 mM CaCl2. Inhibition by 10
      mM imidazole was not detectable. These observations may be useful in the design
      of inhibitors for tissue collagenases which share a number of common
      characteristics with the bacterial enzyme.

PMID- 178614
TI  - Pathology of cutaneous vascular tumors.

PMID- 178616
TI  - Letter: Radiation effects on aqueous solutions of the nitroxyl free radical TMPN
      (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol-N-oxyl).

PMID- 178617
TI  - Recurrence in ocular herpes simplex infection.

PMID- 178618
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infection of the retina.

PMID- 178619
TI  - Varicella-zoster ophthalmicus.

PMID- 178620
TI  - Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.

PMID- 178621
TI  - Presumptive viral keratoconjunctivitis, mononucleosis, and the oncogenic viruses.

PMID- 178622
TI  - Immunology of herpes simplex virus in fection.
AB  - The accompanying inflammation seen in ocular HSV infection-the result of
      interactions between viruses and the immune response-can be both beneficial and
      potentially harmful to the host. An understanding of the interaction of virus
      immune cells is just evolving from current advances in basic research. Based on
      our studies on HSV keratitis [11], the control of ocular HSV infection appears to
      involve an early inflammatory phase with macrophage reactivity and elaboration of
      MIF. Transient virus-specific lymphocytes with effector reactivity, as well as
      neutrophils with chemotactic activity, occur during the stromal keratitis.
      Finally, antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis provides another phase of
      restriction of infection. Thus, a rationale for effective management and therapy
      of occular HSV disease must be based on an understanding of (1) the immunological
      and immunopathological mechanisms of corneal inflammatory disease initiated by
      the virus; (2) the immunological mechanisms in recovery from the disease; and (3)
      the host's humoral and cellular immune status during virus persistence (latency)
      and during recurrent episodes of infection. We hope that new information obtained
      from assessment of roles of the humoral and cellular immune responses in recovery
      from disease and in recurrent disease will provide new approaches to the
      management of ocular HSV infections.

PMID- 178623
TI  - Localization of the major group-specific protein (p27) of avian tumor viruses by
      immunofluorescence in chicken cells and tissues.
AB  - An immunofluorescence technique was developed for the major group-specific (gs)
      p27 antigen of avian type C viruses. The localization of this antigen virus
      infected in chick embryo fibroblasts was perinuclear, intracytoplasmic and at the
      cell surface in the majority of the cells, while it was at the cell surface only
      in some of the cells. No antigen was found in the nucleus. When chickens were
      experimentally infected with RAV-1 or a wild-strain avian leukosis virus (of
      subgroup A), the viral gs antigen was detected in lymphocytes of bursa of
      Fabricius and the spleen. Distinct specific staining was seen in the medulla of
      germinal centers in bursas of Fabricius and in the white pulp of the spleen where
      B lymphocytes are thought to be located. This is consistent with the possibility
      that B lymphocytes are the target cells in the infection of chickens with avian
      leukemia viruses.

PMID- 178624
TI  - Cytomegalovirus: nucleocapsid assembly and core structure.
AB  - New ultrastructual aspects of cytomegalovirus nucleocapsid assembly are
      illustrated in cells from a Kaposi sarcoma. The occurrence of viral
      deoxyribonucleoproteins in the form of strands and penetration of these strands
      into open capsids is illustrated. The geometrical arrangement of the core
      material of the nucleocapsid is aslo emphasized.

PMID- 178625
TI  - The induction of SV40-transformed chinese hamster and mouse kidney cells by
      mitomycin C.
AB  - The induction by mitomycin C (MC) of SV40 production in three lines of semi- or
      nonpermissive SV40-transformed cells is described. The production of virions by a
      line of semipermissive, virus-shedding Chinese hamster kidney cells is increased
      1,000-fold by MC treatment; the proportion of infectious centers and V-antigen
      containing cells is increased to a lesser degree, suggesting that both the burst
      per cell and the number of virus-producing cells are increased. MC treatment
      induces the production of small amounts of infectious DNA and virions in one line
      of nonpermissive mouse kidney cells, and infectious DNA apparently alone in
      another.

PMID- 178626
TI  - Fucolipid patterns of cell lines transformed by highly and weakly tumorigenic
      simian virus 40 and herpes simplex virus.
AB  - The fucolipids of simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed Balb/c mouse and herpes
      simplex virus (HSV)-transformed hamster cells of varying degrees of
      tumorigenicity were examined. In the virus-transformed cell lines and in a
      spontaneously transformed cell line, as compared to non-transformed cell lines,
      there was a decrease in the incorporation of fucose radioactivity into fucolipid
      IV. Fucolipid IV is the least chromatographically mobile, presumably most complex
      fucolipid. Only in the highly transplantable SV40- and HSV-transformed cell lines
      was the decrease in incorporation of radioactivity in fucolipid IV as marked as
      that observed in oncornavirus-transformed cell lines. Similarly, only in the
      highly tumorigenic DNA-virus-transformed cell lines was there a significant
      increase in incorporation of radioactivity from radioisotopically-labeled fucose
      into fucolipid III as has been observed in oncornavirus-transformed cell lines.

PMID- 178627
TI  - Cross-protection between Tacaribe complex viruses. Presence of neutralizing
      antibodies against Junin virus (Argentine hemorrhagic fever) in guinea pigs
      infected with Tacaribe virus.
AB  - Cross-protection between Junin virus and five other Tacaribe complex viruses and
      the serological response of guinea pigs inoculated with Tacaribe virus are
      reported here. Previous infection with Tamiami or Pichinde viruses significantly
      delayed guinea pig deaths. A 58% survival rate was found among animals immunized
      with three doses of Amapari virus, while guinea pigs inoculated with one dose of
      Machupo or Tacaribe virus were fully protected against Junin virus.
      Neutralization tests performed in serum samples of guinea pigs immunized with
      five doses of Tacaribe virus showed that they developed monologous and
      heterologous neutralizing antibodies.

PMID- 178628
TI  - A major difference in the strategy of the calici- and picornaviruses and its
      significance in classification.
AB  - Pig kidney (1BRS-2) cells infected with vesicular exanthema virus (VEV), a
      calicivirus, did not contain any large precursor polypeptides similar to those
      found when they were infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The
      largest induced protein found in the VEV-infected cells had a molecular weight
      identical with that of the virus structural polypeptide. This difference in
      strategy between VEV and FMDV, taken in conjunction with the morphological and
      structural differences described previously, provides strong evidence that the
      caliciviruses should not be included in the family Picornaviridae.

PMID- 178629
TI  - [Sturcture and morphogenesis of xanthomas in hyperlipoproteinemia type III. A
      morphologic, histochemical and electron microscopy study].
AB  - Histological, histochemical and electron-microscopical examinations have been
      performed on xanthoma of the skin and palmar creases in 5 patients with
      hyperlipoproteinemia type III, to follow the dynamics of xanthoma formation. The
      results were as follows: 1. There are no basic differences in histomorphology
      between xanthomas in type III-HLP and other types of HLP. Typical findings are:
      Rather dense distribution of relatively small foam cells within the dermis, only
      a few foam giant cells, great amounts of cholesterol intra- and extracellulary,
      and circumscribed necrobioses. 2. Xanthoma formation in type III-HLP is induced
      by pathological plasma lipoproteins. These seem to pass the endothelial barrier
      via pinocytosis or/and filtration. Between endothelial cells and their basal
      lamina plasma components sometimes could be observed. 3. The pathological
      lipoproteins induce a phagocytic reaction with foam cell formation in the dermal
      tissue. At first an augmentation of lymphocytoid or histiocytoid tissue
      macrophages could be detected in the dermis and especially in the perivascular
      region of venous blood vessels in the middermis. Perithelial cells as well as
      lymphocytoid and histiocytoid tissue macrophages engulve lipoproteins.
      Cytoplasmic enrichment of vacuoles with an electron opaque content (lipoproteins)
      are typical for type III-HLP; they lead to formation of typical foam cells.
      Within those cells lysosomal intracellular degradation of the engulved
      lipoproteins takes place; free cholesterol cristals, phospholipid-containing
      myelinic figures and residual bodies are endproducts of this process. They can
      lead to cellular necrosis with cellular remnants, lipoprotein vacuoles, free
      cholesterol and phospholipids lying free within the dermal tissue. 4. Factors are
      not well understood which control circumscribed xanthoma formation in type III
      HLP. 5. These investigations show, that xanthomas are reactive new formations.
      The leading cellular substrate is the tissue macrophage, which is transformed
      into a foam cell by intake of lipoproteins. Foam cell formation, however, is not
      the result of a simple process of storage: after lipoprotein intake numerous, to
      a part lysosomal processes of chemical degradation and transformation, take place
      with an appearance of intracellular endproducts (free cholesterol, residual
      bodies, phospholipid-containing membranes). It is suggested that the dynamics of
      xanthoma formation might be importance in understanding of the process of
      atherosclerosis in those patients.

PMID- 178630
TI  - Comparative sensitivity of the BGM cell line for isolation of enteric viruses.
AB  - The BGM line of African green monkey kidney cells was less sensitive than primary
      rhesus monkey kidney cells or human fetal diploid kidney cells for isolation of
      certain echoviruses and adenoviruses from fecal specimens.

PMID- 178631
TI  - [Complete scalp removal for cylindroma].

PMID- 178632
TI  - [Effect of cyclic amp, papaverine and urecholine on antral gastrin secretion in
      dog].

PMID- 178633
TI  - [Bronchial adenoma].

PMID- 178634
TI  - Soluble proteins and hydrolases during crown-gall induction in the tomato,
      Lycopersicon esculentum.
AB  - Soluble proteins isolated from tissues of the tomato Lycopersicon esculentum,
      after inoculation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens to induce tumours, have been
      examined by gel electrophoresis and cytochemically. Changes that occur include
      the suppression of host enzymes, the appearance of bacterial enzymes in the host
      tissues and the appearance of new enzyme bands in the affected cells. These 
      changes are detectable within 6 hr of infection and prior to evident
      morphological changes, and may be explained as derepression and repression of
      host genes, or the expression of released bacterial genes in the host cells.

PMID- 178635
TI  - Stabilization of configurational states and enzyme activities in subcellular
      fractions after fixation with extremely low concentrations of glutaraldehyde.
AB  - The activities of various enzymes in some subcellular organelle fractions were
      examined after fixation in glutaraldehyde of various concentrations. A high speed
      centrifuge was used to shorten the fixation time. At the lowest concentration
      (0.01%) glutaraldehyde stabilized instable configurational states of mitochondria
      as revealed by electron microscopy. In addition, at this concentration, at least
      70% of the original monoamine oxidase, ATPase and cytochrome oxidase activities
      were preserved. The activity of acid phosphatase, on the other hand, was enhanced
      in a lysosomal fraction when fixed with the aldehyde at higher concentrations,
      e.g. 0.1% and 1.0%. It is possible that the aldehyde at higher concentrations has
      the same effects on the lysosomal membrane as freeze-thawing. Glucose-6
      phosphatase activity was well-preserved in a microsomal fraction fixed with 0.01%
      glutaraldehyde but was decreased drastically when the concentration of the
      aldehyde was greater than 0.05%.

PMID- 178636
TI  - Collaborative study of an improved method for the enumeration and confirmation of
      Clostridium perfringens in foods.
AB  - A collaborative study was conducted in 10 laboratories to evaluate the
      performance of a new method for the enumeration of vegetative cells of
      Clostridium perfringens in foods. Results obtained by the new method were
      compared with results from the official first action method, 46.049-46.053. Per
      cent recoveries of 4 C. perfringens strains from inoculated roast beef samples
      were higher and more consistent in tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine (TSC) agar with
      or without added egg yolk than in sulfite-polymyxin-sulfadiazine (SPS) agar,
      specified in the official first action method. The confirmatory technique
      utilized in the new method was also found to be more reliable than the technique
      described in the official first action method. Based on the collaborative
      results, the new method with TSC agar for enumeration and a modified motility
      nitrate medium together with a lactose-gelatin medium for confirmation of C.
      perfringens has been adopted as official first action to replace 46.049-46.053.

PMID- 178637
TI  - "Refractory-like" state of heavy-meromyosin induced by the reaction of acto-heavy
      meromyosin with inosine triphosphate.

PMID- 178638
TI  - Studies on pig serum lipoproteins. I. Separation and properties of low-density
      lipoproteins.
AB  - The low-density lipoproteins in pig serum were separated into two subclasses
      (LDL1 and LDL2) by 2 to 7% pore size gradient gel electrophoresis. Preparative
      gel electrophoresis in 2 to 4% gradient gel made it possible to isolate these
      components as distinct entities. After delipidation by chromatography on
      Sepharose 4B in the presence of SDS, both apo-LDL1 and apo-LDL2 were found to
      have a molecular weight of 2.6X10(5). However, when these apoproteins were
      incubated in 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate, fragmentation occurred and the minimum
      fragment molecular weight was estimated to be 2.4X10(4). No essential difference
      was found in the amino acid compositions or fragmentation patterns of the
      apoproteins. However, the amounts of carbohydrates in the two apoproteins were
      different (7.09% in apo-LDL1 and 5.08% in apo-LDL2). The carbohydrate composition
      was 0.8% sialic acid, 2.38% N-acetyl-glucosamine, and 4.01% neutral sugars in apo
      LDL1 and 0.5, 1.75, and 2.83% in apo-LDL2, respectively. In both apoproteins,
      mannose, galactose, and fucose were present in almost the same molar ratio of 4-5
      : 2-3 : 1.

PMID- 178639
TI  - Glycolipids of the fish testis.
AB  - Glycolipids were purified from the total lipid extract of the testis or milt of a
      kind of puffer (Fugu rubripes rubripes) by adsorption column chromatography using
      silicic acid  and magnesium silicate and by preparative silica gel TLC. The
      glycolipids were identified as glucosylceramide (116 mug/g wet tissue) and
      galactosylceramide 26.7 mug/g). Seminolipid, a sulfagalactolipid specific to
      mammalian testis was not detected, but the presence of a small amount of
      sulfatide (15.2 mug/g) was demonstrated. The long-chain bases of both
      cerebrosides were mainly C18-sphingenine, but in sulfatide, C20-sphingenine was
      more abundant than C18-sphingenine. In both cerebrosides and sulfatide, the fatty
      acid compositions were similar, with nervonic acid as the predominant component.
      Two species of gangliosides were also obtained and were identified as N
      acetylgalactosaminyl(1 leads to 4)[N-acetylneuraminyl(2 leads to
      3)]galactosyl(1leads to 4)glucosylceramide (59.8 mug/g) and N-acetylneuraminyl(2
      leads to 3)galactosyl(1 leads to 4)N-acetylglucosaminyl(1 leads to 3)galactosyl(1
      leads to 4)glucosylceramide (45.0 mug/g). The long-chain bases of the two
      gangliosides consisted of C18-spingenine and C20-sphingenine, and the major fatty
      acids were palmitic and stearic acids.

PMID- 178640
TI  - A new assay method for hydrogenase based on an enzymic electrode reaction. The
      enzymic electric cell method.
AB  - A new assay method for hydrogenase [EC 1.12.2.1] based on the enzymic electrode
      reaction of H2-H+ equilibrium has been established. The method is based on the
      experimental fact that the short-circuit current of the electric cell composed of
      an electrode with hydrogenase and methylviologen as the mediator of H2-H+
      equilibrium and a saturated calomel electrode as the counter electrode, is
      practically proportional to the amount of hydrogenase in the cell. The new method
      is referred to as the "enzymic electric cell method." This technique has
      applications not only to routine activity assay but also to the direct
      determination of the time course of enzyme denaturation, which has not previously
      been possible.

PMID- 178641
TI  - Isolation and characterization of serologically active phosphatidylinositol
      oligomannosides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AB  - Phospholipids extracted with hot methanol from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain
      H37Rv, were fractionated with solvent mixtures and by partition chromatography on
      silica-gel columns. Of 12 components detected on a thin-layer chromatogram of the
      total phospholipid fraction, 6 components were purified. They were all
      phosphatidylinositol oligomannosides: two hexamannosides (H-2 and H-3), one
      tetramannoside (H-4), one trimannoside (H-5), and two dimannosides (H-6 and H-7).
      The molar ratios of fatty acid to phosphorus were 3 for H-2, H-4, H-5, and H-6,
      and 4 for H-3 and H-7. In each lipid, more than 80% of the total fatty acids were
      palmitic and tuberculostearic acids. Each of the six lipids had serological
      activity to various degrees.

PMID- 178642
TI  - Mossbauer effect and electron paramagnetic resonance studies on yeast aconitase.
AB  - Mossbauer effect and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were measured for
      yeast aconitase [EC 4.2.1.3] purified from the cells of Candida lipolytica (ATCC
      200114). Mossbauer spectra suggested that yeast aconitase nostly contained two
      high-spin Fe(III) ions in an antiferromagnetically coupled binuclear complex that
      resembled oxidized 2 Fe ferredoxins, together with a small amount of high-spin
      Fe(II). EPR spectra recorded no signal at 77degreesK, but showed a slightly
      asymmetric signal centered at g=2.0 at 4.2degreesK, presumably due to the small
      amount of Fe(II) Fe(III) pairs.

PMID- 178643
TI  - Effects of ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on carbohydrate and fatty acid
      metabolism in rat liver.
AB  - 1. Rats were fed on a diet containing ethyl p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (0.3%,
      w/w) for 14 days. 2. The alterations of contents of intermediates in the liver
      indicate that gluconeogenesis is inhibited at the reaction(s) between 3
      phosphoglycerate and fructose 1,6-diphosphate. The [nad+]/([nadh] ratios in
      cytoplasm and mitochondria were increased about 3- and 4-fold, respectively.
      Marked increases in the contents of CoA and its thioesters were found. 3. Hepatic
      fatty acid synthesis increased about 3-fold. There was no evidence of inhibition
      of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase [EC 6.4.1.2] reaction by the drug.

PMID- 178644
TI  - Comparative specificity of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase of Micrococcus
      lysodeikticus and pumpkin.
AB  - Comparative studies on the substrate specificity of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
      synthetase from Micrococcus lysodeikticus and from pumpkin seedlin revealed that
      geranyl pyrophosphate was the most active of the natural substrates for the
      pumpkin enzyme, whereas it was the least active for the bacterial enzyme. A
      marked difference was also observed between the enzymes from these two sources as
      regards the reactivity of 3-methyl-2-alkenyl pyrophosphates as a function of the
      size of the alkyl group.

PMID- 178645
TI  - Nucleoside diphosphate kinase and the flagellar movement of glycerinated
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Nucleoside diphosphate kinase [EC 2.7.4.6.] of sperm flagella and Tetrahymena
      cilia is detected mostly in the outer fiber fraction, suggesting an association
      of the enzyme with the outer fiber microtubules. The enzyme does not catalyze
      transphosphorylation between microtubule-bound GDP and exogenous ATP. Even when
      undulatory movement of glycerinated sperm is induced by MgATP, no phosphorylation
      is detected in the outer fiber fraction. These facts do not appear to support the
      hypothesis that the phosphorylation of microtubule-bound GDP is involved in the
      mechanism of flagellar movement.

PMID- 178646
TI  - Change in the ratio of cytochrome oxidase activity to nitrite reductase activity
      of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrite reductase with the kind of C-type cytochrome
      used as an electron donor.
AB  - The  ratio between the nitrite reductase and cytochrome oxidase activities of
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrite reductase [EC 1.9.3.2.] varies with kind of C-type
      cytochrome used as the electron donor. Withe cytochrome c-548, 554 (Micrococcus
      sp.), the nitrite reductase activity is greater than the cytochrome oxidase
      activity, while the former is smaller than the latter with cytochrome c-554
      (Navicula pelliculosa). The aerobic oxidation catalyzed by this enzyme of
      denitrifying bacterial ferrocytochrome c is greatly accelerated on addition of
      nitrite, while that of the algal ferrocytochrome c is not affected or is even
      depressed by the salt. An accelerative effect of nitrite is generally observed
      with many kinds of C-type cytochromes which react with the enzyme very or fairly
      rapidly. The difference in the ratio of the two activities of the enzyme seems to
      arise according to whether or not nitrite affects the interaction of C-type
      cytochrome with the enzyme.

PMID- 178647
TI  - Surface alterations in calf lymphocytes oxidized by sodium periodate.
AB  - In order to investigate alterations in surface structure in transformed
      lymphocytes, calf submandibular lymph node cell suspensions were oxidized with
      NaIO4. Oxidezed lymphocytes were morphologically transformed and had higher rates
      of DNA synthesis by 2 days after treatment. These results were prevented by
      reduction of the cell suspension with NaBH4, or by neuraminidase treatment of
      cells prior to oxidation. The amount of 125I-labeled Agaricus bisporus lectin
      bound to cells immediately after oxidation and the affinity constant for binding
      were increased over 2-fold, while cells immediately following oxidation and
      reduction showed decreased receptors with still higher affinity for the lectin
      compared to untreated cells. The amount of Phaseolus vulgaris lectin bound to
      oxidezed cells was also increased, but affinity was unchanged. Immediately
      following oxidation and reduction, these receptor sites were unchanged in number
      and affinity from untreated cells. In contrast, the number and affinity of
      receptors for concanavalin A were not changed immediately after oxidation or
      oxidation and reduction. In order to define the extent of compositional changes
      in surface glycoprotein receptors, plasma membranes were isolated from frozen
      calf submandibular lymph nodes. Compared to untreated plasma membranes, oxidezed
      membranes had similar contents of galactose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N
      acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and amino acids. Sialic acid content of oxidized
      membranes was reduced when measured by thiobarbituric acid assay. Sialic acids of
      untreated plasma membranes co-chromatographed with N-glycolylneurominic acid and
      N-acetylneuraminic acid, while those of oxidized membranes co-chromatographed
      with N-glycolylneuraminic acid and 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-L-arabino-7-aldehydo-2
      heptulosonic acid. Therefore, specific surface conformational changes in certain
      classes of membrane glycoproteins are associated with mild Malapradian oxidation
      of membrane sialic acids. These temporally precede NaIO4-induced transformation
      of calf lymphocytes. This is consistent with an hypothesis of membrane-mediated
      stimulation of lymphocyte transformation.

PMID- 178648
TI  - Preparation and characterization of eukaryotic initiation factor EIF-3. Formation
      of binary (EIF-3-Met-tRNAf) and ternary (EIF-3-Met-tRNAf-GTP) complexes.
AB  - The 133,000 X g supernatant fraction prepared from ascites cells in 20 mM KCl
      (low CKl supernatant) contained the initiation factors EIF-1 and EIF-2 (and the
      elongation factore EF-1 and EF-2) but lacked EIF-3; thus, low KCl supernatant
      could be used to assay for EIF-3. EIF-3 was prepared from a crude initiation
      factor perparation (a 250 mM KCl extract of ascites cell ribosomes precipitated
      with 70% saturated ammonium sulfate) by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and
      hydroxylapatite. The EIF-O had no detectable EIF-1 and little or no EIF-2. Factor
      EIF-3 was required fro translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA. The
      molecular weight of EIF-3 was estimated by Sephadex G-200 filtration to be
      139,000; the sedimentation coefficient was calculated to be about 5.8. EIF-3
      formed a binary complex specifically with the initiator tRNA, Met-tRNAf, and if
      GTP was present the factor formed a ternary complex (EIF-3-Met-tRNAf-GTP). The
      EIF-3 preparation had no methionyl-tRNA synthetase activity to account for
      binding. Complex-formation was with eukaryotic Met-tRNAf and no other aminoacyl
      tRNA. The binary and ternary complexes were retained quantitatively on Millipore
      filters (which was the most convenient assay), but they could also be
      demonstrated by filtration through Sephadex G-100 or by glycerol gradient
      centrifugation. GTP increased the rate, the amount, and the stability of complex
      formed; the ration of GTP to Met-tRNAf in the ternary complex appeared to be 1.
      The binary and the ternary complexes transferred Met-tRNAf to the 40 S ribosomal
      subunits, but not to 60 S subparticles. The factor-dependent binding of Met-tRNAf
      to the 40 S subunit did not require mRNA (or GTP). In the presence of 60 S
      subunits, the initiator tRNA bound to 40 S subunits was not transferred to 80 S
      ribosomes even if mRNA was added--that reaction may require another initiation
      factor. Treatment of EIF-3 with N-ethylmaleimide led to loss of its activity in
      complex formation and in support of the translation of encephalomyocarditis virus
      RNA. In addition to forming the binary and ternary complexes, and supporting the
      translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA, EIF-3 also increases the number of
      free ribosomal subunits by either preventing their association or causing
      dissociation of 80 S couples.

PMID- 178649
TI  - Complete amino acid analysis of proteins from a single hydrolysate.
AB  - An analytical procedure which affords the precise amino acid composition of a
      protein or a peptide from a single hydrolysate is described. This method utilizes
      4 N methanesulfonic acid containing 0.2% 3-(2-aminoethyl)indole, rather then 6N
      HCl as a catalyst for hydrolysis. The hydrolysis is carried out in vacuo (20 mu)
      at 115 degrees for 22 to 72 hours. Half-cystine is determined as S-sulfocysteine
      by treating the hydrolysate with dithiothreitol followed by an excess of
      tetrathionate. The values of all amino acids, including tryptophan and half
      cystine, were close to the expected theoretical values for the proteins examined.
      The method has the advantage that the neutralized hydrolysate can be applied
      directly to an ion exchange column. Further, the method is capable of
      distinguishing between free sulfhydryl groups as S-carbosymethylcysteine and
      disulfides as S-sulfocysteine. A limitation of the procedure is that tryptophan
      remains sensitive to the presence of carbohydrate in the sample.

PMID- 178650
TI  - Investigations of equilibrium complexes of myoxin subfragment 1 with the
      manganous ion and adenosine diphosphate using magnetic resonance techniques.
AB  - Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and water proton relaxation rate
      (PRR) measurements were used to characterize a complex formed at the myosin
      subfragment 1 (S1) ATPase site with stoichiometric amounts of Mn(II) and ADP. In
      the absence of nucleotide, Mn(II) binding at the active site is very weak,
      although two other classes of sites for Mn(II) on subfragment 1 were identified
      which are not directly involved in the ATPase reaction. A high affinity Mn(II)
      site (termed L-site with KL = 3 muM) is associated with a region of the molecule
      which is susceptible to proteolysis (probably the LC2 light chain subunit) since
      its stoichiometry depends on the conditions employed for the preparation of
      subfragment 1 during the papain treatment of myosin. In addition there are a
      number of weak sites for Mn(II) (termed N-sites) probably associated with anionic
      groups on the surface of the molecule. In order to study the properties of Mn(II)
      and ADP bound at the active site by magnetic resonance techniques, subfragment 1
      preparations virtually free of the L-site were used, since such an ancillary site
      competes for the available Mn(II). MnADP binds to subfragment 1 with an apparent
      dissociation constant, KT, of about 4 muM at 25 degrees. The resultant complex,
      S1-MnADP, has a low PRR enhancement factor (1.7 at 24.3 MHZ), and its frequency
      (magnetic field) dependence indicates that this is because there are no readily
      exchangeable water molecules within the first coordination sphere of Mn(II.
      Relaxation of the bulk solvent is mediated by protons bound transiently within
      the outer spheres (4 to 7 A) of the Mn(II). A nitroxide spin label attached to
      the reactive thiol group of subfragment 1 enhances the solvent PRR, and this
      property is sensitive to the binding of MgADP to the active site. However, no
      dipolar spin-spin interaction was detected between the nitroxide group and Mn(II)
      in the S1-MnADP complex, indicating that the metal ion and thiol group are well
      separated.

PMID- 178651
TI  - Cytochrome c1 of bakers' yeast. I. Isolation and properties.
AB  - Cytochrome c1 has been purified from mitochondria of the yeast Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae. The procedure involves solubilization withcholate, ammonium sulfate
      fractionation, disruption of the dytochrome b-c1 complex with mercaptoethanol and
      detergents, and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The final product is psectrally
      pure, contains up to 62 nmol of covalently bound heme per mg of protein and does
      not react with oxygen or carbon monoxide. Sodium dodecyl sulfate disaggregates
      the purified cytochrome into a single 31,000 dalton subunit carrying the
      covalently attached heme group. Many cytochrome c1 preparations contain in
      addition an 18,500 dalton polypeptide which is devoid of covalently bound heme.
      Since this polypeptide can be removed from the heme-carrying polypeptide by
      relatively mild procedures, it is probably not an essential subunit of cytochrome
      c1. Cytochrome c1 is extremely sensitive to proteolysis. If it si purified in the
      absence of protease inhibitors, a family of heme polypeptides with molecular
      weights of 29,000, 27,000, and 25,000 daltons is obtained. In the presence of the
      protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride the purification yields
      predominantly a 31,000 dalton heme protein with only little contamination by a
      29,000 dalton degradation product. In order to show that only the 31,000 dalton
      heme-polypeptide is the native species, yeast cells were labeled with the heme
      precursor delta-amino[3H]levulinic acid, converted to protoplasts and directly
      lysed with dodecyl sulfate in the presence of protease inhibitors. Subsequent
      electrophoresis of the lysate in the presence of dodecyl sulfate reveals the
      covalently bound heme of cytochrome c1 as a single symmetrical peak at 31,000
      daltons.

PMID- 178652
TI  - Cytochrome c1 of bakers' yeast. II. Synthesis on cytoplasmic robosomes and
      influence of oxygen and heme on accumulation of the apoprotein.
AB  - In the preceding paper (Ross, E., and Schatz, G. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1991
      1996) yeast cytochrome c1 was characterized as a 31,000 dalton polypeptide with a
      covalently bound heme group. In order to determine the site of translation of
      this heme-carrying polypeptide, yeast cells were labeled with [H]leu(be under the
      following conditions: (a) in the absence of inhibitors, (b) in the presence of
      acriflavin (an inhibitor of mitochondrial translation), or (c) in the presence of
      cycloheximide (an inhibitor of cytoplasmic translation). The incorporation of
      radioactivity into the hemeprotein was measured by immunoprecipitating it from
      mitochondrial extracts and analyzing it by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Label was incorporated into the cytochrome c1 apoprotein only in
      the presence of acriflavin or in the absence of inhibitor, but not in the
      presence of cycloheximide. Cytochrome c1 is thus a cytoplasmic translation
      product. This conclusion was further supported by the demonstration that a
      cytolasmic petite mutant lacking mitochondrial protein synthesis still contained
      holocytochrome c1 that was indistinguishable from cytochrome c1 of wild type
      yeast with respect to molecular weight, absorption spectru, the presence of a
      covalently bound heme group, and antigenic properties. Cytochrome c1 in the
      mitochondria of the cytoplasmic petite mutant is firmly bound to the membrane,
      and its concentration approaches that typical of wild type mitochondria. However,
      its lability to proteolysis appeared to be increased. A mitochondrial translation
      product may thus be necessary for the correct conformation or orientation of
      cytochrome c1 in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Accumulation of cytochrome c1
      protein in mitochondria is dependent on the abailability of heme. This was shown
      with a delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase-deficient yeast mutant which lacks
      heme and any light-absorbing peaks attributable to cytochromes. Mitochondria from
      mutant cells grown without added delta-aminolevulinic acid contained at least 20
      times less protein immunoprecipitable by cytochrome c1-antisera than mitochondria
      from cells grown in the presence of the heme precursor. Similarly, the
      respiration-deficient promitochondria of anaerobically grown wild type cells are
      almost completely devoid of material cross-reacting with cytochrome c1-antisera.
      A 105,000 X g supernatant of aerobically grown wild type cells contains a 29,000
      dalton polypeptide that is precipitated by cytochrome c1-antiserum but not by
      nonimmune serum. This polypeptide is also present in high speed supernatants from
      the heme-deficient mutant or from anaerobically gorwn wild type cells. The
      possible identity of this polypeptide with soluble apocytochrome c1 is being
      investigated.

PMID- 178653
TI  - Regulation of glycogen metabolism in astrocytoma and neuroblastoma cells in
      culture.
AB  - The regulation of glycogen metabolism in C-6 astrocytoma and C-1300 neuroblastoma
      cells in culture has been investigated. Two modes of control of glycogen
      metabolism appear to be operative. The regulation of intracellular glycogen
      concentrations and the predominant forms of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen
      synthase vary with (a) the available energy supply, and (b) altered intracellular
      concentration of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Both cell
      lines respond to glucose in the medium; when glucose levels are high, glycogen is
      synthesized, glycogen phosphorylase a decreases, and glycogen synthase a
      increases. When glucose in the medium decreases to a critical level, the
      phosphorylase a increases and glycogen concentrations in the cells decrease in
      aprallel with the medium glucose. The critical glucose concentration is 2.5 mM
      for the astrocytoma cells and 4 mM for the neuroblastoma cells. Insulin promotes
      the conversion of phosphorylase to the b form and synthase to the a form in both
      cell lines. All of these changes occur without alteration in the intracellular
      cyclic AMP concentrations. When cyclic AMP concentrations are increased in either
      cell line, phosphorylase a is increased, synthase a is decreased, and glycogen
      concentrations decrease. Isobutyl methylxanthine is effective in promoting
      glycogenolysis in both cell lines. Norepinephrine is effective with the
      astrocytoma cells, and prostaglandin E1 is effective with the neuroblastoma
      cells.

PMID- 178654
TI  - Termination of procollagen chain synthesis by puromycin. Evidence that assembly
      and secretion require a COOH-terminal extension.
AB  - Embryonic chick fibroblasts were incubated with [14C]proline and puromycin in the
      low concentrations of 1 to 3 mug/ml. The molecular weight of the synthesized
      procollagen chains, as measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate, was progressively reduced by increasing concentrations of
      puromycin in this range. For example, at 3 mug/ml the great majority of the
      [14C]proline was contained in procollagen chains having an average molecular
      weight of about 95,000 instead of the control value of 125,000. Associated with
      this decrease in molecular weight there was a marked decrease in the
      incorporation of cysteine although [14C]proline incorporation was relatively
      unaffedted. Disulfide bond formation was drastically inhibited as was triple
      helix formation as measured by resistance of the procollagen to pepsin digestion.
      Although the shortened procollagen chains were of normal hydroxyproline content,
      they nevertheless were secreted much more slowly than normal procollagen. Based
      upon these findings, we postulate that: (a) low concentrations of puromycin
      terminate procollagen chains before a COOH-terminal extension is completed, (b)
      these COOH-terminal extensions are required for normal assembly of the three
      individual procollagen chains and for triple helix formation, and (c) only
      assembled, triple helical procollagen molecules are selected for normal
      secretion.

PMID- 178655
TI  - Thermodynamic and EPR characteristics of two ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur centers
      in the succinate-ubiquinone reductase segment of the respiratory chain.
AB  - Two distinct ferredosin-type iron-sulfur centers (designated as Centers S-1 and S
      2) are present in the soulble succinate dehydrogenase in approximately equivalent
      concentrations to that of bound flavin. Both Centers S-1 and S-2 exhibit electron
      paramagnetic resonance absorbance in the reduced state at the same magnetic field
      (gz = 2.03, gy = 1.93, and gx = 1.91) with similar line shape. Center S-2 is
      reducible only chemically with dithionite and remains oxidized under
      physiological conditions. Thus, its functional role is unknown; however,
      thermodynamic and EPR characterization of this iron-sulfur center has revealed
      important molecular events related to this dehydrogenase. The midpoint potentials
      of Centers S-1 and S-2 determined in the soluble succinate dehydrogenase
      preparations are -5 +/- 15 mV and -400 +/- 15 mV, respectively, while
      corresponding midpoint potentials determined in particulate preparations, such as
      succinate-cytochrome c reductase or succinate-ubiquinone reductase, are 0 +/- 15
      mV and -260 +/- 15 mV. Reconstitution of soluble succinate dehydrogenase with the
      cytochrome b-c1 complex is accompanied by a reversion of the Center S-I midpoint
      from -400 +/- 15 mV to -250 +/- 15 mV with a concomitant restoration of antimycin
      A-sensitive succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity. There observations
      indicate that, during the reconstitution process, Center S-I is restored to its
      original molecular environment. In the reconstitutively active succinate
      dehydrogenase, the relaxation time of Center S-2 is much shorter than that of S
      1, thus Center S-2 spectra are well discernible only below 20 K (at 1 milliwatt
      of power), while the resonance absorbance of Center S-1 is detectable at higher
      temperatures and readily saturates below 15 K. Over a wide temperature range the
      power saturation of Center S-1 resonance absorbance is relieved by Center S-2 in
      the paramagnetic state, and the Center S-2 central resonance absorbance is
      broadened by Center S-1 spins, due to a spin-spin interaction between these
      centers. These observations indicate an adjacent location of these centers in the
      enzyme molecule. In reconstitutively inactive enzymes, subtle modification of the
      enzyme structure appears to shift the temperature dependence of Center S-2
      relaxation to the higher temperature. Thus the EPR signals of Center S-2 are also
      detectable at higher temperature. In this system a splitting of the central peak
      of the Center S-2 spectrum due to spin-spin interaction was observed at extremely
      low temperatures, while this was not observed in reconstitutively active enzymes
      or in paritculate preparations. This spin-spin interaction phenomena of inactive
      enzymes disappeared upon chemical reactivation with concomitant appearance of the
      reconstitutive activity. These observations provide a close correlation between
      the molecular integrity of the enzyme and its physiological function.

PMID- 178656
TI  - Thermodynamic and EPR characteristics of a HiPIP-type iron-sulfur center in the
      succinate dehydrogenase of the respiratory chain.
AB  - In addition to the two species of ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur centers (Centers S
      1 and S-2), a third iron-sulfur center (Center S-3), which is paramagnetic in the
      oxidezed state analogous to the bacterial high potential iron-sulfur protein, has
      bwen detected in the reconstitutively active soluble succinate dehydrogenase
      preparation. Midpoint potential (at pH 7.4) of Center S-3 determined in a
      particulate succinate-cytochrome c reductase is +60 +/- 15 mV. In soluble form,
      Center S-3 becomes extremely labile towards oxygen or ferricyanide plus phenazine
      methosulfate similar to reconstitutive activity of the dehydrogenase. Thus, even
      freshly prepared reconstitutively active enzyme preparations show EPR spectra of
      Center S-3 which correspond approximately to 0.5 eq per flavin; in particulate
      preparations this component was found in a 1:1 ratio to flavin. All
      reconstitutively inactive dehydrogenase preparations that Center S-3 is an innate
      constituent of succinate dehydrogenase and plays an important role in mediating
      electrons from the flavoprotein subunit to most probably ubiquinone and then to
      the cytochrome chain.

PMID- 178657
TI  - Biochemical and ultrastructural hepatic changes during vitamin B12 deficiency in
      animals and man.
AB  - Vitamin B12 deficiency has been shown to result in an increase in content and
      activity of the hepatic cytosolic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis. The present
      study demonstrated that ATP citrate lyase, an enzyme whose activity has been
      positively correlated with rates of fatty acid biosynthesis, also increased in
      the livers of B12-deficient animals. Total and specific activity of hepatic
      citrate synthase, an enzyme whose activity is unaffected by a variety of dietary
      and hormonal changes, also was found to be increased in the B12-deprived state.
      By contrast, the activity of hepatic succinate-cytochrome c reductase, a portion
      of a multicomponent enzyme complex synthesized in part within the mitochondria,
      was unchanged in B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deprivation resulted in an increase
      in hepatic mitochondrial cristae membranes in both animals and man. Histochemical
      and chemical analysis demonstrated increased glycogen in the liver cells from B12
      deficient animals and man. Thus, in the livers from vitamin B12-deficient animals
      there is an increased activity of the otherwise highly constant Krebs cycle
      enzyme citrate synthase, and in both animals and man there are increased
      mitochondrial cristae membranes.

PMID- 178658
TI  - Differences in properties of cytosol and membrane-derived protein kinases.
AB  - Adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase present in membrane
      fractions of bovine brain, heart, liver, and muscle was solubilized with Triton X
      100. Certain properties of the membrane-derived enzyme were compared with those
      of two adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases present in the
      cytosol fractions from each of the same tissues. The properties studied included
      chromatographic behavior on DEAE-cellulose columns, specificity with respect to
      substrate proteins, and sensitivity to NaCl and Triton X-100. The membrane
      derived enzyme from each tissue had properties similar to those of the membrane
      derived enzyme from each of the other tissues. Moreover, the cytosol enzymes from
      each tissue had properties similar to those of the corresponding enzymes in the
      cytosol from each of the other tissues. However, for any given tissue, the
      properties of the membrane-derived enzyme differed from those of the cytosol
      enzymes, possibly reflecting different functional roles for the membrane-bound
      and cytosol enzymes.

PMID- 178659
TI  - 6-phosphofructokinase (pyrophosphate). Properties of the enzyme from Entamoeba
      histolytica and its reaction mechanism.
AB  - The inorganic pyrophosphate-requiring 6-phosphofructokinase of Entamoeba
      histolytica has been further investigated. The molecular weight of the enzyme is
      approximately 83,000 and its isoelectric point occurs at pH 5.8 to 6.0. The
      divalent cation requirement for reaction was explored. In the direction of
      fructose 6-phosphate formation half-maximal rate required 500 muM magnesium ion;
      in the direction of fructose bisphosphate formation 8 muM magnesium ion sufficed.
      ATP, PPi, polyphosphate, acetyl phosphate, or carbamyl phosphate cannot replace
      PPi as phosphate donor for the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose
      bisphosphate. In the direction of fructose 6-phosphate formation arsenate can
      replace orthophosphate. Isotope exchange studies indicate that little or no
      exchange occurs between Pi and PPi or between fructose 6-phosphate and fructose
      bisphosphate in the absence of a third substrate. These findings appear to rule
      out phosphoenzyme formation and a ping-pong reaction mechanism. PPi, Pi, and
      fructose bisphosphate are competitive inhibitors of fructose bisphosphate, PPi,
      and fructose 6-phosphate, respectively. This argues against an ordered mechanism
      and suggests a random mechanism. Fructose 6-phosphate and Pi were noncompetitive
      with respect to each other indicating the formation of a dead end complex. These
      product inhibition relationships are in accord with a Random Bi Bi mechanism.

PMID- 178660
TI  - Studies on the role of cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate and extracellular
      Ca2+ in the regulation of glycogenolysis in rat liver cells.
AB  - Catecholamines increased guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) accumulation
      by isolated rat liver cells. The increases in cyclic GMP due to 1.5 muM
      epinephrine, isoproterenol, or phenylephrine were blocked by phenoxybenzamine but
      not by propranolol. The possibility that cyclic GMP is involved in the
      glycogenolytic action of catecholamines seems unlikely since cyclic GMP
      accumulation is also elevated by carbachol, insulin, A23187, and to a lesser
      extent by glucagon. Furthermore, carbachol had little effect on glycogenolysis
      while insulin actually inhibited hepatic glycogenolysis. The rise in cyclic GMP
      due to carbachol was abolished by atropine and that due to all agents was
      markedly reduced by the omission of extracellular calcium. However, the
      glycogenolytic action of glucagon and catecholamines was only slightly inhibited
      by the omission of calcium. The only agent which was unable to stimulate
      glycogenolysis in calcium-free buffer was the divalent cation ionophore A23187.
      There was a drop in ATP content of liver cells during incubation in calcium-free
      buffer which was accompanied by an inhibition of glucagon-activated adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation. The presence of calcium inhibited
      the rise in adenylate cyclase activity of lysed rat liver cells due to glucagon
      or isoproterenol but not that due to fluoride. These results suggest that the
      stimulation by catecholamines and glucagon of glycogenolysis is not mediated
      through cyclic GMP nor does it depend on the presence of extracellular calcium.
      Cyclic GMP accumulation was increased in liver cells by agents which either
      inhibit, have little affect, or accelerate glycogenolysis. The significance of
      elevations of cyclic GMP in rat liver cells remains to be established.

PMID- 178661
TI  - Studies on the poky mutant of eurospora crassa. Fingerprint analysis of
      mitochondrial ribosomal RNA.
AB  - Base sequence and methylation of mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs from wild type and
      poky strains of Neurospora crassa were compared to determine whether a mutational
      lesion exists in poky 19 S RNA. At the outset, new procedures were developed for
      the isolation of intact nucleic acids from Neurospora mitochondria based on the
      substitution of Ca2+ for Mg2+ in the isolation media to inhibit mitochondrial
      nuclease activity. Using these procedures, intact and highly purified 32P-labeled
      ribosomal RNAs were extracted from purified mitochondrial ribosomal subunits of
      wild type and poky and compared using three complementary fingerprinting systems:
      two-dimensional electrophoresis of T1 plus phosphatase digests and
      homochromatography of T1 and pancreatic RNase digests. In supplementary
      experiments, 32P-labeled wild type RNA was co-fingerprinted with 32P-labeled poky
      and ratios of 32P/33P radioactivity were determined in each fragment to detect
      possible differences in stoichiometry. In addition, levels and patterns of
      methylated nucleotides were compared using procedures based on in vivo labeling
      with [methyl-3H]methionine and [32P]orthophosphate. In all these experiments, no
      difference was detected between wild type and poky in base sequence or
      methylation of either 19 S or 25 S RNA. Levels of methylation of Neurospora
      mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs were extremely low (less than 0.1% of the
      nucleotides), and results based on fingerprint analysis and DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography of alkaline hydrolysates of the [3H]methyl-labeled RNA suggested
      that 25 S RNA contains two ribose methylations, while 19 S RNA contains no
      methylated nucleotides.

PMID- 178662
TI  - Acetate kinase from Veillonella alcalescens. Regulation of enzyme activity by
      succinate and substrates.
AB  - Acetate kinase of Veillonella alcalescens has been shown to be highly regulated
      enzyme exhibiting two levels of control: the requirement for succinate as a
      heterotropic allosteric effector, and cooperative binding at the substrate level.
      Succinate addition was necessary for enzymatic activity in both the direction of
      acyl phosphate synthesis and that of ATP synthesis. Control at the substrate
      level was apparent in the cooperative binding (Hill coefficients of 2) of acetyl
      phosphate, ATP, and ADP. Typical Michaelis kinetic data were observed for
      succinate (Ka = 20 mM for acetyl phosphate synthesis, 0.4 mM for ATP synthesis),
      acetate, and propionate. The primary effect of succinate was to increase the
      apparent Vmax of the enzymatic reaction for the variable substrates, ATP, ADP,
      and acetyl phosphate. The results are interpreted as evidence that, as a
      heterotropic effector of the acetate kinase reaction, succinate may regulate
      levels of propionyl-CoA (produced from propionyl phosphate by action of
      phosphotransacetylase), a compound required for the conversion of succinate to
      propionate. Acetase kinase has been shown to be a probable dimeric protein
      composed of two subunits of molecular weight 44,000 each.

PMID- 178663
TI  - Characterization of a virion protein kinase as a virus-specified enzyme.
AB  - Antibodies which completely inhibited the enzymatic activity of the protein
      kinase associated with virions of frog virus were obtained by immunization of
      rabbits with the purified enzyme. This inhibition provided a specific probe for
      the frog virus protein kinase, since this antiserum had no inhibitory effect on a
      variety of other protein kinases, including the activity of uninfected cells, or
      the protein kinase associated with vesicular stomatitis virus or vaccinia virus
      cultivated in the same cell line as frog virus. The frog virus protein kinase was
      characterized as a virus-specified protein on the basis of the following
      observations: (a) the virion protein kinase was antigenically distinct from
      essentially all of the protein kinase expressed in uninfected cells; (b)
      following infection by frog virus more than a 15-fold increase was detected in
      the specific activity of intracellular protein kinase and most of this activity
      was antigenically related to the virion enzyme; (c) when frog virus was grown in
      cells derived from widely different species, the antigenic and biochemical
      specificities of the virion protein kinase remained identical; and (d) screening
      of cells infected with different temperature-sensitive mutants of frog virus
      indicated that certain viral mutants failed to synthesize this protein kinase
      when cultivated at the nonpermissive temperature.

PMID- 178664
TI  - Skeletal alterations following irradiation for Wilms' tumor: with particular
      reference to scoliosis and kyphosis.
AB  - The roentgenographic changes in the axial skeleton after irradiation for Wilms'
      tumor were studied in eighty-one patients. In addition to the initial alterations
      found in the individual vertebrae within the field of irradiation, spinal
      deformity subsequently developed in fifty-nine patients (pure scoliosis in thirty
      eight, kyphoscoliosis in nineteen, and pure kyphosis in two). Unitl the
      adolescent growth spurt these deformities tended to remain slight, but some
      progression did occur. In seven patients the scoliosis became severe enough to
      require spine fusion. A Milwaukee brace used in three patients failed to correct
      the curve. The trapezoidal shape of the vertebrae and scarring of the soft
      tissues within the concavity made correction difficult. Recognizable
      roentgenographic alterations failed to develop in twenty-two patients who, in
      general, were older and had received less irradiation. There appeared to be a
      correlation between the amount of irradiation and the severity of the spinal
      deformity (p is less than 0.05) and between the age of irradiation and the amount
      of deformity (p is less than 0.02).

PMID- 178665
TI  - Skeletal immaturity in Perthes' disease.
AB  - Skeletal age was estimated by examination of radiographs of the carpus in 182
      children suffering from Perthes' disease after the reliability of the Greulich
      and Pyle Atlas had been checked for a control group of British children. A
      striking tendency to delayed skeletal maturation was shown in the children with
      Perthes' disease. This trait was also found in ninety-three unaffected siblings
      of the patients. The velocity of skeletal ageing as the disease progressed was
      estimated. In some patients the carpal skeleton failed to mature at all for
      periods of up to three years and the term "skeletal standstill" is applied to
      this phenomenon. The significance of these findings is discussed and it is
      suggested that the maturation defect may have aetiological significance.

PMID- 178666
TI  - The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. A case report and review.
AB  - The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome presents with a vascular nevus extending over an
      entire extremity, ipsilateral varicose veins dating from infancy and hypertrophy
      of all the tissues of the affected limb. This paper illustrates the problems that
      can be encountered in the management of this disorder. Congenital angiodysplasias
      should be suspected in all young individuals presenting with unilateral varicose
      veins. We recommend that modern methods of investigation be used in these cases
      to precisely define the anatomic pathology. In this manner, the appropriate
      treatment may be tailored to the patient's specific disorder.

PMID- 178667
TI  - Developmental changes in mitochondria during the transition into lactation in the
      mouse mammary gland. II. Membrane marker enzymes and membrane ultrastructure.
AB  - The activity of cytochrome oxidase (an inner mitochondrial membrane marker) in
      mouse mammary gland homogenates was found to increase five- to sixfold from late
      pregnancy to day 8 of lactation, while that of monoamine oxidase (an outer
      membrane marker) increased only about 25%. The specific activity of cytochrome
      oxidase in the isolated mitochondria decreased slightly over the same period
      while the specific activity of monoamine oxidase decreased fivefold. This
      reflects the fact that both cytochrome oxidase and mitochondrial protein are
      increasing at a much greater rate than is monoamine oxidase activity. Mixing
      experiments preclude the possibility that the release or removal of an inhibitor
      or stimulator produces the changes in enzymatic activity. The cytochrome oxidase
      to monoamine oxidase ratio was followed throughout the pregnancy-lactation cycle
      in total mammary homogenates, isolated mammary parenchymal cells, and isolated
      mammary mitochondria. In each preparation the pattern was the same with little
      change in the ratio until late pregnancy; and then a three- to fourfold increase
      occurred and the values reached a maximum by day 8 of lactation. These
      experiments were interpreted as demonstrating that the observed enzymatic changes
      are reflective of alterations in the mitochondria of the mammary parenchymal cell
      population. Electron micrographs of mid-pregnant and mid-lactating mammary
      parenchymal cells in situ were prepared, and distinct changes in the
      mitochondrial morphology noted. The most significant and obvious change is the
      large increase in the number of inner membrane cristae and an increase in matrix
      density in the lactating gland cell. Therefore, both enzymatic and morphological
      studies support the concept of an expansion of the mitochondrial inner membrane
      during presecretory differentiation in the mouse mammary parenchymal cell.

PMID- 178668
TI  - Hepatic organelle interaction. IV. Mechanism of succinate enhancement of
      formaldehyde accumulation from endoplasmic reticulum N-dealkylations.
AB  - Further evidence for organelle interaction during drug metabolism by the liver is
      presented. The apparent stimulation by succinate of formaldehyde accumulation in
      the medium, which was reported to occur with liver slices and homogenates as well
      as with mitochondria plus microsomes, has been shown to be the result of
      succinate inhibition of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. The mechanism of
      succinate inhibition is shown to be by reverse electron transport, and an
      increase in the NADH to NAD+ ratio in the mitochondria; the aldehyde
      dehydrogenase requires the oxidized form of the pyridine nucleotide as its
      cofactor. Studies on in vitro N-demethylation by liver microsomes and endoplasmic
      reticulum segments which cosediment with the mitochondria indicate that
      formaldehyde produced by the mixed function oxidase is handled differently from
      formaldehyde added to the medium. The latter is mainly retained in the medium
      containing 5 mM semicarbazide, while the generated formaldehyde is more than 50%
      consumed by the mitochondria. Electron microscopy has indicated that the
      microsomes and the endoplasmic reticulum fragments have a tendency to align
      themselves close to the mitochondria when present in the same medium.
      Consequently, it is possible that formaldehyde released to the medium adjacent to
      the mitochondria, as by N-demethylation, would be exposed to semicarbazide for
      shorter periods than that added directly to the medium. In agreement with this
      suggestion, complexing of formaldehyde with semicarbazide was observed
      spectroscopically not to be an extremely rapid reaction even at 37 degrees C.
      This is believed to be the reason for the greater extent of consumption of
      formaldehyde generated by the endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 178669
TI  - Effects of nuclease and protease digestion on the ultrastructure of Paramecium
      basal bodies.
AB  - The action of deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, perchloric acid, and pronase on
      the fine structure of basal bodies of sectioned Paramecium was observed as part
      of a more extensive autoradiographic electron microscope analysis directed toward
      the problem of basal body DNA. DNase was found to have no detectable effect on
      basal body fine structure. Pronase first solubilized the linkers and C tubules of
      the triplets, then attacked the protein portion of the axosome, a localized
      portion of the ciliary axoneme adjacent to the distal end of the basal body, the
      rim fiber, and newly described lumen spiral complex. Prolonged pronase treatment
      disrupted the remaining microtubular elements, basal body plates, and cartwheel.
      RNase removed material from the axosome and the lumen complex, a conspicuous
      structure occupying the central portion of the basal body and consisting of a
      twisted or looped 90-A diam fiber or, more probably, pair of fibers, in
      association with large, dense granules. The apparent removal of both RNA and
      protein from this basal body structure by either of the two corresponding enzymes
      suggests an unusual organization of the two components. Observations from this
      and other laboratories suggest that the basal body RNA is single stranded. Its
      function is unknown but alternatives are discussed.

PMID- 178671
TI  - Turnover at nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in cultures of human cells.
AB  - The rate of turnover of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in the human cell
      line, D98/AH2, has been estimated by measuring the rates of entry into and exit
      from NAD molecules of 14C-adenine. In one set of experiments, cells were labeled
      by growth in medium containing 14C-adenine for six hours and then shifted to
      medium without labeled adenine. The loss of 14C-adenine from the adenine
      nucleotide and pyridine nucleotide pools was measured, and the data were analyzed
      using an analytical treatment which corrects for the relatively slow turnover of
      precursor pools. The loss of 14C-adenine from the NAD pool and from the precursor
      ATP pool could be related to the absolute rate of NAD breakdown. Under the
      experimental conditions used, the rate of NAD turnover ranged from 83,000 to
      126,000 molecules per second per cell. In a complementary experiment cells were
      grown in the presence of unlabeled adenine, then shifted into medium containing
      14C-adenine and the rate of entry of 14C-adenine into adenine and pyridine
      nucleotides was measured. The data were treated using a similar analysis to
      relate the rate of entry of 14C-adenine into NAD and the precursor ATP pools to
      the absolute turnover rate of NAD. This analysis gave a value for NAD turnover of
      78,000 molecules per second per cell in excellent agreement with results from the
      pulse-chase experiments. The results from both types of experiment indicate that
      within D98/AH2 cells the half-life of an intact NAD molecule is 60 +/- 18
      minutes. Thus, in a human D98/AH2 cell growing with a generation time of 24
      hours, NAD is turning over at twice the rate found in Escherichia coli with a
      generation time of half an hour.

PMID- 178670
TI  - Purine and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthesis in differentiating murine virus
      induced erythroleukemic cells in vitro.
AB  - Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase activity was determined in Friend virus
      inducted erythroleukemic cells in culture, stimulated to differentiate in the
      presence of dimethylsulfoxide. The activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
      synthetase did not decrease in cells which had acquired the specialized function
      of hemoglobin synthesis, nor was the phosphoribosylpyrophosphate content of
      untreated erythroleukemic cells significantly different from that of cultures
      exposed to dimethylsulfoxide for 96 hours. However, the rate of the early steps
      of de novo purine biosynthesis as measured by the incorporation of [1-14C]
      glycine and [1-14C] formate into formyglycinamide ribonucleotide, was
      significantly lower in differentiating cell cultures. The addition of glutamine
      or ammonia increased glycine incorporation of control cultures, but failed to do
      so in treated cultures. In the course of the normal development of erythrocytes
      in vivo, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase activity is preserved, while the
      capacity to synthesize purines de novo is lost, as is the activity of the
      phosphoribosyl-l-amine synthesizing enzymes. Our present study suggests that the
      rate of de novo purine biosynthesis in this erythroleukemic cell line is not
      limited by the availability of phosphoribosylphrophosphate, but rather by a
      decrease in the phosphoribosyl-l-amine synthesizing enzymes. These findings
      provide further evidence that during dimethylsulfoxide-stimulated erythroid
      maturation, the same regulatory mechanisms are operative as in normal cellular
      development, and that ammonia-dependent purine biosynthesis is subject to the
      same regulatory mechanisms as is glutamine-dependent biosynthesis.

PMID- 178672
TI  - Development of a clonal myogenic cell line with unusual biochemical properties.
AB  - The morphological, ultrastructural, biochemical and electrophysiological
      properties of B104-F, a clonal cell line derived from a nitrosoethylurea-induced
      neoplasm in a rat, were studied as a function of the growth phase of the culture.
      Cells in exponentially growing cultures are mononucleate and produce action
      potentials when stimulated electrically. Stationary phase cultures contain three
      types of cells: cells of the first type are mononucleate and have long processes
      containing microfilaments and many parallel microtubules; cells of the second
      type are mononucleate but contain no microtubules and few microfilaments; and
      cells of the third type have ultrastructural features typical of multinucleate,
      striated myotubes. Multinucleate cells generate action potentials with both
      sodium and calcium components and are depolarized by acetylcholine. The
      acetylcholine response is blocked by d-tubocurarine. The specific activity of
      creatine phosphokinase is nine times higher in stationary phase cultures than in
      exponentially growing ones while the myokinase specific activity is unchanged.
      The gamma-aminobutyric acid content of the cells is 3.5- to 26-fold higher in
      stationary phase than in exponentially growing cultures, depending on the degree
      of fusion of the culture. The properties of B104-F are discussed in relation to
      the properties of developing skeletal muscle and of central nervous system cell
      lines.

PMID- 178673
TI  - Establishment in culture of a multihormone-secreting cell strain derived from the
      MtT/F4 rat pituitary tumor.
AB  - A clonal cell strain F4C1 has been established from the transplantable rat
      pituitary tumor MtT/F4 and has been maintained in continuous culture for two
      years. The cells grow with a population doubling time of 48 hours; the karyotype
      with a modal number of 39 chromosomes includes a pair of large metacentric marker
      chromosomes. F4C1 cells in culture produce growth hormone and prolactin but not
      adrenocorticotropin in contrast to the MtT/F4 tumor which secretes all three
      hormones in the host rat. The cloned cells lack specific receptors for
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone and do not respond to this agent with increased
      prolactin or decreased growth hormone production. Treatment with hydrocortisone
      results in a small increase in growth hormone and a small decrease in prolactin
      production. Tumors generated in rats from injected F4C1 cells secrete prolactin
      and growth hormone but not adrenocorticotropin. The results suggest that growth
      hormone and prolactin are produced by a single cell type in the MtT/F4 tumor.

PMID- 178674
TI  - Increased susceptibility of murine teratocarcinoma cells to Simian virus 40 and
      polyoma virus following treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine.
AB  - Cultures of the multipotential stem cell, embryonal carcinoma (EC), of a murine
      teratocarcinoma were treated with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Within 2-4 days at
      concentrations of 1-50 mugm/ml of BrdU, there was a marked change in the
      morphology of cells observed by light and electron microscopy. A comparison of
      the growth potential showed that for up to four days the BrdU-treated cultures
      were similar to untreated cultures. When these BrdU-treated cells were infected
      with Simian virus 40 (SV40) and polyoma virus (Py), there was an increase in
      susceptibility of the treated cells. The untreated embryonal carcinoma cells were
      refractory. These results suggest that BrdU modifies the embryonal carcinoma
      cells to allow infection with two DNA viruses.

PMID- 178676
TI  - Increased PRPP synthetase activity in cultured rat hepatoma cells containing
      mutations in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene.
AB  - Nine independently derived clones of mutagenized rat hepatoma cells selected for
      resistance to 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) or 6-thioguanine (6-ThioG) have been
      isolated. Each has severely reduced catalytic activity of hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and seven of them possess significantly
      increased activities of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase. The
      degrees of elevations of PRPP synthetase activities do not correlate with the
      degrees of deficiencies of HPRT activities. The cells from one of these clones,
      1020/12, posses 40% of the normal HPRT catalytic activity and overproduce
      purines. We have extensively examined the cells from this clone. Immunotration
      studies of 1020/12 cells indicate that there is a mutation in the structural gene
      for HPRT. Although they possess increased specific catalytic activities of the
      enzyme. PRPP synthetase, the catalytic parameters, heat stability, and
      isoelectric pH of PRPP synthetase from 1020/12 cells are indistinguishable from
      those of the enzyme from wild-type cells. The cause of purine overproduction by
      1020/12 cells appears to be the elevated PRPP synthetase activity, rather than a
      PRPP "sparing" effect stemming from reduced HPRT activity. Support for this idea
      is provided by the observation that the complete loss of HPRT activity in a clone
      derived from 1020/12 cells does not further enhance the levels of PRPP synthetase
      or purine overproduction. We propose that the elevated levels of PRPP synthetase
      activity in these HPRT deficient cells result from a mutational event in the
      structural gene for HPRT, and that this causes the disruption of a previously
      undescribed regulatory function of this gene on the expression of the PRPP
      synthetase gene.

PMID- 178675
TI  - Cellular responsiveness to stimulation in vitro: increased responsiveness to
      colony stimulating factor of bone marrow colony-forming cells treated with
      surface-active agents and cyclic 3'5' AMP.
AB  - Addition of low concentrations (10 ng/ml) of saponin or Tween 80 to stimulated
      cultures of normal mouse bone marrow in agar increased the number of granulocyte
      macrophage colonies which developed. Addition of cyclic AMP or dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP in low concentration (10(-8) to 10(-10) M) also enhanced colony numbers
      although concentrations above 10(-5) M were inhibitory. enhancement was found
      when marrow cells were pre-treated with these agents and cultured in their
      absence. The agents did not stimulate colony development in the absence of colony
      stimulating factor and enhancement of colony number occurred only in cultures
      containing a concentration of colony-stimulating factor which was sub-optimal in
      terms of maximum colony development. There was no indication of increased colony
      stimulating factor production by treated marrow cells under the experimental
      conditions used to show colony enhancement. It was concluded that the agents
      caused an increased responsiveness of colony-forming cells to colony-stimulating
      factor.

PMID- 178678
TI  - The dynamics of antibody-induced redistribution of viral envelope antigens in the
      plasma membranes of avian tumour virus-infected chick embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - Avian tumour virus-infected chick embryo fibroblasts express new antigens,
      identical with the viral envelope antigens, in their plasma membranes. Electron
      microscopic examination of carbon-platinum replicas of cells labelled with
      haemocyanin-marked antibody has shown the distribution of these antigens to be
      diffuse over the cell surface with an increased concentration on peripheral cell
      processes. However, antigen-antibody complexes (AAC), resulting from reaction
      with specific antibody, may be redistributed into a variety of patterns.
      Observation of the time course of antibody-induced antigen mobility revealed a
      rapid and a delayed phase of redistribution. During the rapid phase (10 min or
      less) some of the antigen-bearing cells reorganized AAC into patches, while the
      remainder maintained a diffuse distribution. A fraction of the cells with either
      diffuse or patchy distribution also redistributed AAC into a pattern of 'marginal
      redistribution (MR)', consisting of linear aggreagation of AAC, at the cell edge.
      During the 'late' phase of redistribution (after about 20 min), AAC began to
      condense into one or more foci of coalescence (FC) on each cell. As the number of
      cells with FC increased with time, the fraction of cells which were labelled
      decreased. Electron-microscopic observation of thin sections of ferritin-labelled
      specimens indicated that AAC were lost by endocytosis and that this process was
      probably related to FC formation. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation,
      protein synthesis, RNA synthesis, or microtubule assembly had no significant
      effect on the patterns or the course of redistribution. Iodoacetic acid (IAA),
      which depletes cellular ATP, and cytochalasin B (CB), which is believed to
      depolymerize microfilaments, partially inhibited MR and completely prevented FC
      formation and endocytosis. Paradoxically, IAA or CB-treated cells lost AAC very
      rapidly by some alternate mechanism not involving FC formation but which may
      entail a centrifugal migration of complexes to the cell extremities during the
      process of AAC disposal.

PMID- 178677
TI  - The role of calcium in the inhibition of cAMP accumulation in epiphyseal
      cartilage cells exposed to physiological pressure.
AB  - A hydrostatic pressure of 60g/cm sq (0.85 psi) inhibits the accumulation of cAMP
      in cells isolated from the proliferative zone of chick-tibia epiphyseal
      cartilage. The following findings indicate that this effect is mediated by a
      translocation of calcium: (i) the pressure enhances the cellular uptake of
      radiocalcium; (ii) the pressure effect on cAMP can be simulated by the calcium
      ionophore A23187; (iii) the effects of pressure and A23187 are non-additive; (iv)
      the pressure effect is not produced in the presence of ethylenebis
      (oxyethylenenitrilo)-pressure effect is not produced in the presence of
      ethylenebis-(oxyethylenenitrilo)-tetraacetic-acid (EGTA); (v) the particulate
      adenyl cyclase activity of the proliferative zone is susceptible to non
      competitive calcium inhibition. Throughout this study cells from the hypertrophic
      zone of the same epiphyses were used as controls. In these cells the calcium
      uptake was enhanced by pressure, but the cAMP level was not affected by pressure,
      A23187 or EGTA. This change in responsiveness, which accompanies the maturation
      of the cartilage cells, was shown to be due to a decrease in the calcium
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 178679
TI  - The morphology of green hydra endosymbionts as influenced by host strain and host
      environment.
AB  - The ultrastructure of Chlorella-like algal endosymbionts from the Florida and
      English strains of green hydra was compared under different host feeding and
      photoperiodic regimes. Under standard conditions (host fed daily, 12-h
      photoperiod) the algae from the 2 strains exhibited considerable differences. The
      English symbionts had a pyrenoid, compact chloroplast membranes and vesiculated
      polyphosphate bodies. By comparison, Florida symbionts lacked a pyrenoid, had
      chloroplasts with less compact membranes and exhibited spherical polyphosphate
      bodies. When maintained in the dark, algae from English hydra lost their
      pyrenoids, showed great compaction of the chloroplast and developed large, shield
      shaped, electron-dense bodies. In contrast, algae from Florida hosts did not
      exhibit gross ultrastructural modification. Reciprocal cross-transfers of
      symbionts were made by placing Florida algae in English aposymbiotic (algal-free)
      hosts and vice versa. After residence in Florida hosts, English symbionts
      appeared to undergo ultrastructural modifications resulting in a morphology
      indistinguishable from the native Florida symbionts. Florida algae showed no
      modifications resulting from residence in English hosts. It thus appears that the
      English symbiont has great morphological plasticity, as its structure is greatly
      modified depending upon the host in which it resides and the conditions under
      which the host is maintained. The results of these studies are discussed and
      compared with published accounts of free-living Chlorella and with reports
      dealing with other Chlorella symbionts.

PMID- 178680
TI  - Purification and characterization of commercial NADH and accompanying
      dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AB  - The anion-exchange chromatography of commercial NADH using a potassium
      bicarbonate solution as eluent yields highly pure NADH with good stability.
      Twelve compounds are also separated which act as dehydrogenase inhibitors. The
      main impurities are further characterized. The compound mainly responsible for
      residual optical density in commercial NADH preparations is probably a
      stereoisomer of NADH which is in reversible equilibrium with NADH at pH values in
      the range 5-7. A method of thin-layer chromatography, to check commercial NADH
      preparations for impurities, is described.

PMID- 178681
TI  - Separation of [3H] inositol monophosphates and [3H] inositol on silica gel glass
      fiber sheets.

PMID- 178682
TI  - Distribution of plasma glucagon immunoreactivity in a patient with suspected
      glucagonoma.
AB  - Gel filtration of plasma from a patient with a clinical syndrome of glucagonoma
      and  a total plasma glucagon level of 2600 pg/ml, revealed the four glucagon
      immunoreactive fractions found in normal subjects. The total hyperglucagonemia
      observed was due to high levels of true glucagon and proglucagon moieties. The so
      called "big plasma glucagon" (BPG) measured 190 pg/ml (normal average 113 +/- 79
      pg/ml, Mean +/- SD, N = 10); the large glucagon immunoreactivity, LGI (9000 mol
      wt), measured 625 pg/ml (normal average 11 +/- 16 pg/ml); the true glucagon
      accounted for 1435 pg/ml (normal average 31 +/- 29 pg/ml); and the small glucagon
      immunoreactive fraction (approximately 2000 mol wt) measured 35 pg/ml (normal
      average 26 +/- 18 pg/ml). The high levels of LGI, considered a candidate for
      proglucagon, may reflect the increased secretory activity of the tumor.

PMID- 178683
TI  - The role of growth hormone and cortisone on glucose and gluconeogenic substrate
      regulation in fasted hypopituitary children.
AB  - Panhypopituitarism may be associated with spontaneous hypoglycemia and marked
      insulin sensitivity. Five children with both growth hormone (GH) and
      adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) insufficiency were studied in three periods: a) on no
      therapy; b) during cortisone acetate; and c) during GH and cortisone acetate
      replacement. With total caloric restriction prior to therapy, all patients became
      hypoglycemic (109 +/- 18 leads to 37 +/- 3.5 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM) and ketonemic
      (beta-hydroxybutyrate 0.10 +/- 0.02 leads to 3.04 +/- 0.63 mM and acetoacetate
      0.05 +/- .01 leads to 0.80 +/- 0.15 mM) within 30 hours. Glutamine and alanine
      concentrations fell with fasting (511 +/- 13 leads to 293 +/- 26 muM and 394 +/-
      58 leads to 137 +/- 12 muM, respectively) but to levels lower than in normal
      children. However, only alanine was significantly lower (P less than 0.05). With
      cortisone plus GH therapy, fasting glycemia was improved (73 +/- 6 mg/dl) at 30
      hours fasting and was associated with increased alanine and glutamine
      concentrations (206 +/- 28 muM and 448 +/- 40 muM, respectively) and less
      ketonemia (beta-hydroxybutyrate 1.13 +/- 0.39 mM). Cortisone therapy alone
      resulted in intermediate improvement of these values. Only combined therapy
      resulted in increased lactate and pyruvate concentrations, which fell to normal
      with fasting. Fasting urinary ammonia excretion was unchanged whereas urea
      nitrogen excretion decreased significantly with therapy. The responses to alanine
      infusions following each study period in one patient were normal. The glycemic
      response to iv glucose was similar during each study period; however, post
      prandial and glucose-stimulated insulin responses were increased with cortisone
      and cortisone plus GH therapy. We suggest that the hypoglycemia observed in
      hypopituitary patients is a substrate-mediated phenomenon, and that cortisone and
      growth hormone replacement therapy improve fasting glucose homeostasis, increase
      circulating alanine and glutamine concentrations, and decrease hepatic
      gluconeogenesis. These effects may be mediated through an increase in fat
      catabolism.

PMID- 178684
TI  - The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the pituitary-adrenal axis.
AB  - Twelve cancer patients and one patient with diabetes mellitus were treated with
      medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) by intramuscular injection in a total weekly
      dose of 400, 700, or 1200 mg. The treatment reduced the plasma cortisol
      concentration by 76% in the AM hours (21 leads to 5.0 mug/dl) and by 75% in the
      PM hours (12.8 leads to 3.2 mug/dl). Cortisol production rate decreased by 67%
      (19 leads to 6.2 mg/24 hrs). The 24 hour profile of plasma cortisol concentration
      measured in 3 patients showed zero secretion over this period. Low plasma ACTH
      values prevailed during treatment, and a blunted response to maximal ACTH
      stimulation was found. No evidence of adrenal insufficiency was observed in any
      patient, even though in some patients the plasma cortisol concentration remained
      at zero for many weeks. MPA has cortisol-like effects and the suppression of
      adrenal function is probably mediated by a negative feedback action on the
      hypothalamus or pituitary.

PMID- 178686
TI  - The acute thyroidal response to iodixed oil in severe endemic goiter.
AB  - The acute changes in serum thyrotropin (TSH) triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine
      (T4), were measured in 14 subjects, 4 to 10 (mean = 6) days following
      intramuscular iodized oil injection. In 8 subjects with small or absent goiter
      there was a significant fall in T3 and a rise in TSH concentrations, suggesting
      an acute inhibitory effect of the iodine. In 6 subjects with large multinodular
      goiters there was a marked rise in both T3 and T4, and reduction in the elevated
      basal TSH. Biochemical hyperthyroidism occurred in 3 of these subjects. The acute
      thyroid hormone response to iodized oil, whether inhibitory or stimulatory in a
      particular subject, depends both on goiter size and on the serum concentration of
      TSH.

PMID- 178685
TI  - Pregnenolone, 17-OH-pregnenolone, and testosterone in plasma of patients with
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - Both pregnenolone and 17-OH-pregnenolone were found to be higher in the plasma of
      patients with poorly controlled congential adrenal hyperplasia than in normal
      subjects. The plasma levels of these precursor steroids were significantly
      correlated with urinary 17-ketosteroid and pregnanetriol excretion and with
      plasma testosterone. The mechanism where by plasma pregnenolone and 17-OH
      pregnenolone levels are elevated in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency is
      unknown, but the phenomenon of product inhibition is suggested as a possible
      explanation. As 17-OH-pregnenolone in plasma is almost entirely of adrenal
      origin, its measurement promises to be useful in the management of patients with
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Acute stimulation with ACTH caused negligible
      changes in the plasma levels of pregnenolone and 17-OH-pregnenolone and failed to
      distinguish between overly, appropriately, and under-treated patients. However,
      following repeated stimulation with repository ACTH, the steroid levels rose.
      These findings indicate limited adrenal responsiveness to ACTH following chronic
      glucocorticoid treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, even in under-treated
      patients, and suggest that normal precursor  steroid levels in plasma and normal
      17-ketosteroid and pregnanetriol excretion can only be achieved by the
      suppression of total steroidogenesis to less than that occurring in normal
      subjects.

PMID- 178687
TI  - Acute and chronic estrogen effects upon serum somatomedin activity, growth
      hormone, and prolactin in man.
AB  - Estrogen (E) reduces bioassayable GH-dependent serum somatomedin (SM) activity in
      acromegalics without affecting plasma growth hormone (GH) levels and inhibits the
      rise of SM activity normally produced by GH administration in GH-deficient
      subjects. We have now investigated the effect of E administration on serum SM
      activity and on plasma GH and prolactin (PRL) in 6 adult male subjects without
      pituitary pathology. Chronic E administration (ethinyl estradiol 0.5 mg/day for 7
      to 70 days) reduced serum SM activity by 40 to 62% in each of 4 subjects (P less
      than 0.02 to less than 0.001). In 3 of the subjects, basal GH levels increased by
      75 to 300% (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.001) and basal PRL levels increased
      by 90 to 200% (P less than 0.01 to less than 0.001). While iv administration of
      normal saline did not significantly affect either SM or GH, iv administration of
      E (bolus injection of 25 mg conjugated estrogens, USP) to 5 subjects resulted in:
      a) a 46 to 80% decrease in serum SM activity in all subjects, proceeding with an
      apparent half-life of 2 hours, becoming significant (P less than 0.05) at 2 hours
      (1 subject) to 3 hours (4 subjects), maximal at 6 hours, and persisting for 12 to
      24 hours; b) GH elevation to 3 to 16 times baseline level (P less than 0.01) at 2
      to 3 hours in 4 subjects; and c) no significant change of PRL levels in any
      subject. The mean GH response to iv E was maximal at a time (2 hours) when the
      mean SM activity had decreased only 20% and subsided well before the nadir of SM
      activity. The one patient without GH response to chronic or acute E
      administration may have been affected by absorption of triamcinolone being
      applied topically during the study. These results demonstrate that in males with
      normal pituitary function, E reduces serum SM activity, enhances basal GH and PRL
      secretion, and, upon iv injection, stimulates acute GH release. Although opposite
      chronic E effects upon GH and SM activity support a putative negative SM-GH feed
      back mechanism, iv E administration apparently provokes acute GH release by a
      different mechanism. The half-life of serum SM activity in the human is probably
      much shorter than previously estimated.

PMID- 178688
TI  - Use of biological characteristics to type Herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 in
      diagnostic laboratories.
AB  - Fifty clinical isolates of Herpesvirus hominis were typed by pock size on chicken
      embryo chorioallantoic membranes, sensitivity to heparin, and plaque formation on
      chicken embryo cell cultures. Of 19 isolates that were typed serologically, there
      was 100% concordance with respect to plaque formation. Pock size was incorrect in
      one instance and indeterminate in another. Heparin sensitivity was incorrect for
      one. Of 31 strains that were only biologically characterized, there were four for
      which heparin sensitivity did not agree with the other two characteristics. Of
      the three biological tests, the ability to form plaques in chick cell monolayer
      was the most reliable indicator type.

PMID- 178689
TI  - Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection by immunofluorescence.
AB  - The utility of the indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) technique for
      diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection was examined by testing
      specimens for this agent from 31 patients with encephalitis or meningitis, 17
      with conjunctivitis, 19 with genital disease, and 1 with genital disease and
      meningitis. Brain biopsy tissue from four patients with encephalitis was positive
      by IFA and virus culture for HSV. Leukocytes in cerebrospinal fluid from these
      four patients and one with HSV meningitis were also positive by IFA, but virus
      isolation attempts on the fluid were all negative. Conjunctival scrapings from
      two patients with conjunctivitis were positive for HSV by both IFA and virus
      culture. Eleven of 12 culture-positive lesions of herpes progenitalis were
      positive by IFA, and 1 dark field-positive syphilitic chancre was also positive
      for HSV by both IFA and culture. Evidence for specificity of the results was
      provided by internal controls in each test and negative results from patients
      with other diagnoses. Thus, the IFA technique constituted a rapid, sensitive, and
      specific diagnostic method for the diagnosis of HSV infections.

PMID- 178691
TI  - Detection of neonatal calf diarrhea virus, infant reovirus-like diarrhea virus,
      and a coronavirus using the fluorescent virus precipitin test.
AB  - Thirty-four calf and five infant fecal specimens were tested for the neonatal
      calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) and for the reovirus-like infantile diarrhea agent;
      respectively. The procedures used were the fluorescent virus precipitin test and
      immune electron microscopy. Fourteen of the calf stools contained detectable
      NCDV, and four of the five infant stools contained the reovirus-like human agent.
      Infectious NCDV was detected in four of the 34 calf fecal specimens when Madin
      Darby bovine kidney cell cultures that had been inoculated with supernatant
      fluids from stool suspensions were stained with fluorescent antibody. The 20 calf
      stools that did not have detectable virus were examined for the bovine corona
      diarrhea virus. Coronavirus was found in two of these specimens.

PMID- 178690
TI  - Immunoperoxidase technique for detection of antibodies to human cytomegalovirus.
AB  - The indirect immunoperoxidase antibody technique (IPA) has been applied to
      determine immunoglobulin (Ig)G to humans cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies in 114
      blood donor sera, four cases of congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease, and
      four cases of acquired CMV infection. The results have been compared with those
      obtained with the CMV complement fixation (CF) test and indirect fluorescent
      antibody technique (IFA) for broad spectrum CMV antibody (sigmaAb) detection. IgG
      antibody has been detected by both CF and IPA. In healthy adult people IPA titers
      are usually higher than CF titers. In addition, IFA sigmaAb titers are generally
      higher than CF titers. Some sera negative by CF and IPA are positive at low
      dilutions by IFA sigmaAb antibody determination, due to the detection of small
      amounts of IgA or noncomplement-fixing IgG. Nonspecific results seem unlikely,
      since only nuclear inclusion fluorescence was interpreted as specific, as
      demonstrated by blocking tests. In acute CMV infection, the IFA sigmaAb and IPA
      IgG titers are essentially the same, except during the first weeks of infection,
      when IFA titers are higher and IgM is detectable. No cross-reactivity with other
      herpes group viruses, herpes simplex and varicella-zoster, was observed. Although
      some problems of nonspecific staining of cytoplasmic inclusions are shared by
      both methods, the IPA technique seems to possess the same degree of sensitivity
      and specificity as the IFA technique, but interpretation is easier and various
      procedural steps can be delayed without the technical problems associated with
      fluorescence microscopy.

PMID- 178692
TI  - Generalized porcine cytomegalic inclusion disease: distribution of cytomegalic
      cells and virus.

PMID- 178694
TI  - Phosphoprotein phosphatase-catalyzed dephosphorylation of the 22,000 dalton
      phosphoprotein of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The present study demonstrated the presence within the myocardium of
      phosphoprotein phosphatase activity which can account for dephosphorylation of a
      22,000 dalton phosphoprotein of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum that has been
      associated with the stimulatory effects of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic
      AMP)-dependent protein kinase on calcium transport (Tada, M., Kirchberger, M. A.,
      and Katz, A. M. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250:2640-2647). Dog cardiac microsomes,
      consisting mainly of fragmented sarcomplasmic reticulum, were phosphorylated by
      incubation with cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP, and
      subsequently washed with trichloroacetic acid or buffered KCl. Phosphorylated
      microsomes contained approximately 1 nmole of 32P bound per mg of microsomal
      protein, 32P labeling occurring almost exclusively at the 22,000 dalton
      component. Soluble phosphoprotein phosphatases, isolated from the cytosol,
      catalyzed dephosphorylation of 32P-labeled microsomes. The existence of a
      phosphoprotein phosphatase that is associated with the microsomes was
      demonstrated by the ability of the microsomes to dephosphorylate 32P-histone.
      This membrane-associated phosphatase activity can also account for a rapid
      decrease in the amount of 32P-labeling of the 22,000 dalton protein. The
      dephosphorylation of the phosphorylated 22,000 dalton protein by phosphoprotein
      phosphatase satisfies an important requirement for the phosphorylation of the
      22,000 dalton protein to serve a physiological role, namely, its reversibility.

PMID- 178693
TI  - Control of cell division: a unifying hypothesis.
AB  - A constant feature of the initiation of cell division in a number of different
      cells is a rise in the intracellular level of calcium. The importance of cyclic
      nucleotides may depend on the way they interact with calcium. Cyclic AMP is
      apparently not an essential regulator of cell division but through its ability to
      modulate the intracellular level of calcium this cyclic nucleotide can exert
      profound effects on cell growth. In some systems (liver and salivary glands)
      cyclic AMP seems to augment the calcium signal whereas in others (lymphocytes and
      fibroblasts) it opposes calcium and can thus inhibit cell division. A rise in the
      level of calcium may be responsible for the parallel increase in cyclic GMP level
      which is usually associated with the stimulus to divide. An appealing feature of
      this calcium hypothesis is that it can account for the growth characteristics
      revealed by fibroblasts in tissue culture or embryonic cells during development.
      In both cases there is an initial phase of exponential growth during which I have
      proposed that the high level of calcium at mitosis persists into early G1 to
      provide the signal for the next division. In order to account for the sudden
      cessation of cell division at confluency, or at a specific stage during
      development, it is necessary to postulate that there is something different about
      the final mitosis which sets it apart from earlier mitoses. It is proposed that
      as the cells leave the last mitosis the level of calcium falls much more rapidly
      than it did during preceeding mitoses perhaps as a result of a more rapid rise in
      the level of cyclic AMP. This rapid rise in cyclic AMP level may have a dual
      function. Not only will it lower the level of calcium thus preventing further
      division, but it may also stimulate differentiation. Many of the embryonic cells
      which differentiate into specialized cells (lymphocytes, liver, salivary gland)
      retain the ability to divide if provided with appropriate stimuli. Although the
      nature of these stimuli vary considerably, they all seem to act by elevating the
      intracellular level of calcium.

PMID- 178695
TI  - Oppositional effects of acetylcholine and isoproterenol on isometric tension and
      cyclic nucleotide concentrations in rabbit atria.
AB  - The effects of acetylcholine chloride and isoproterenol on myocardiial cyclic
      GMP, cyclic AMP and on isometric tension were studied in isolated electrically
      driven rabbit atria. Acetylcholine (0.5 muM) produced a significant decrease in
      isometric force that was associated with a significant elevation in atrial cyclic
      GMP. Cyclic AMP was significantly lowered at 15 seconds after the addition of
      acetylcholine, but was only slightly decreased at earlier time periods. Both the
      negative inotropic action and increase in cyclic GMP after addition of
      acetylcholine were blocked by atropine. Isoproterenol (0.1 muM) produced a
      significant increase in isometric tension that was associated with a significant
      elevation in atrial cyclic AMP levels, whereas cyclic GMP levels were not
      changed. These effects were blocked by practolol. The increases in atrial cyclic
      GMP and cyclic AMP following addition of acetylcholine and isoproterenol,
      respectively, preceded the changes in isometric tension in response to these
      agents. These data support the hypothesis that changes in intracellular levels of
      cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP may mediate the positive and negative inotropic effects
      of adrenergic and cholinergic agents.

PMID- 178696
TI  - Influence on adipocyte plasma membrane bound protein kinase by feedback
      regulator.
AB  - Protein kinase, phosphodiesterase and adenylate cyclase of plasma membrane of
      adipocytes and the effect of the feedback regulator (FR) on these three enzymes
      was measured and compared. The basal level ratio of adenylate cyclase to
      phosphodiesterase to protein kinase was 1:1.9:3.0. Epinephrine and/or FR alters
      this ratio. FR stimulated protein kinase activity up to 3 fold in the presence of
      a wide range of enzyme concentrations, 5-50 mug membrane protein/tube. The
      concentration of FR effective for stimulation of membrane protein kinase was much
      greater than that needed for inhibition of adenylate cyclase and
      phosphodiesterases. The inhibition by FR on adenylate cyclase was the most potent
      effect among the 3 enzymes. 1 U (or 2 U/ml) of FR inhibited 50% of the adenylate
      cyclase activity in a defined system. The maximum effective concentration of FR
      for stimulation of membrane protein kinase was greater than 10 U/ml. Histone type
      11A was the best substrate for protein phosphorylation so far observed. The FR
      stimulatory effect was observed at all substrate concentrations used ranging from
      1-5 mg/ml. A NaF concentration curve shows that 15 mM NaF gave maximum
      phosphorylation. The stimulatory effect of FR was observed both in the presence
      and absence of NaF. Protein kinase of adipocyte plasma membrane was mainly cAMP
      independent. The effect of FR (20 U/ml) in stimulation of protein phosphorylation
      was much greater than that of cAMP (1 X 10(-6) M). The cAMP and FR effects seemed
      to be additive. Preincubation of plasma membrane with FR in the absence of ATP
      resulted in no decrease but slight increase in protein kinase activity. A shift
      in protein kinase, phosphodiesterase and adenylate cyclase ratios by FR suggests
      the regulatory role of FR in cAMP metabolism in adipocytes.

PMID- 178698
TI  - Parellel inhibition of LH-RH-induced cyclic AMP accumulation and LH and FSH
      release by LH-RH antagonists in vitro.
AB  - The relative potencies of seven antagonists of LH-RH to inhibit LH-RH-induced
      cyclic AMP accumulation and LH and FSH release were measured using rat
      hemipituitaries in vitro. At appropriate concentrations, [Des-His2, D-Ala6] LH
      RH, [Des-His2, D-Ala6, des-Gly-NH210] LH-RH ethylamide, [Des-His2, D-Leu6] LH-RH,
      [D-Phe2] LH-RH, [Des-His2, Des-Gly-NH210] LH-RH propylamide, [D-Phe2, D-Leu6] LH
      RH and [D-Phe2, D-Phe6] LH-RH led to parallel inhibition of cyclic AMP
      accumulation and LH and FSH release. [D-Phe2, D-Leu6] LH-RH and [D-Phe2, D-Phe6]
      LH-RH can inhibit 50% of LH-RH action at molar ratios of 100 and 30,
      respectively. These findings of parallel changes of cyclic AMP levels and LH and
      FSH release add strong support to the already obtained evidence for a mediator
      role of the adenylate cyclase system in the action of LH-RH in the anterior
      pituitary gland.

PMID- 178697
TI  - Insulin as an activator of cyclic AMP accumulation in rat fat cells.
AB  - In rat fat cells incubated with lipolytic agents and insulin for 30 or 60 minutes
      the increase in cyclic AMP accumulation due to norepinephrine and theophylline or
      adenosine deaminase added during the last 2-5 minutes of the incubation period
      was much greater as compared to cells incubated in the absence of insulin.
      Protaglandin E1 or nicotinic acid were just as anti-lipolytic as insulin but
      prior incubation with these agents markedly decreased the subsequent rise in
      cyclic AMP accumulation due to late catecholamine addition. The ability of
      insulin to increase cyclic AMP accumulation appeared to be secondary to
      inhibition of lipolysis. These results indicate that prostaglandin E1 and
      nicotinic acid are inhibitors of cyclic AMP accumulation while insulin acts by
      another mechanism to reduce lipolysis.

PMID- 178699
TI  - Effects of growth conditions on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of cultured
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities of baby hamster kidney cells (BHK)
      grown in surface cultures were altered by modifying growth conditions. The
      untransformed BHK cells grown in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum showed
      non-linear LineweaverBurk plots for cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity with
      apparent Michaelis constants for cyclic AMP of approximately 5 and 30 muM. When
      these cells were placed in medium containing 1% fetal calf serum, linear kinetic
      plots for cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase with an apparent Km for cyclic AMP of
      approximately 20 muM were obtained. Modification of the apparent Km of BHK cell
      phosphodiesterase was detectable within 20 minutes after dillution of cells grown
      in 10% serum into fresh medium containing 1% serum. With the BHK cell line
      transformed with Rous sarcoma virus, differences in enzyme kinetics were not seen
      when these cells were diluted in 1% or 10% serum. In addition to the serum
      induced differences in the apparent Km of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases of BHK
      cells, total cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activities were also
      modified by growth conditions. BHK cells grown to high cell densities had three
      to five-fold higher total cyclic AMP activity than did the cells in less dense
      cultures. When the dense cell cultures were diluted into fresh medium containing
      10% serum, total enzyme activities fell to levels comparable to those found in
      the rapidly growing cells at low cell densities. The reduction in total enzyme
      activity after dilution of BHK cells occurred rapidly and was influenced by cell
      density. A similar reduction of total enzyme activity was also seen in diluted
      RSV cells; however, the time course of the response differed from that seen in
      the untransformed cells.

PMID- 178700
TI  - Isolation of inosine 3':5'-monophosphate from bacterial culture medium.

PMID- 178702
TI  - Multiple forms of glycogen synthase kinase: isolation of forms which are
      independent of cyclic AMP.
AB  - Rabbit renal cortex was found to contain three types of glycogen synthase kinase
      (GSK). Cylic AMP-dependent protein kinase (GSK-C) accounted for only a small
      fraction of the total GSK activity. The predominant type of GSK (GSK-P) could be
      adsorbed to phosphocellulose, but not to DEAE cellulose. The other major type
      (GSK-D) could be adsorbed to DEAE cellulose and exhibited several peaks when
      eluted with a linear NaC1 gradient. GSK-P and GSK-D were not affected by cyclic
      AMP or by the heat-stable protein inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      kinase. This suggests that cyclic AMP-independent mechanisms may play a major
      role in regulation of GSK. Neither GSK-P nor GSK-D were associated with the major
      peak of histone, kinase, casein kinase, protamine kinase or phosvitin kinase.
      Therefore it cannot be assumed that these protein kinase activities can be used
      to monitor GSK activity.

PMID- 178701
TI  - Cyclic AMP in human blood platelets: relation to platelet prostaglandin synthesis
      induced by centrifugation or surface contact.
AB  - Exposure of blood platelets to physical stimuli such as centrifugation,
      filtration through Sepharose gel, or stirring with particulate material leads to
      production of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha and to a reduction in cAMP. These
      effects resemble those produced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, and thrombin in
      association with the platelet release reaction but are less  effectively
      inhibited by aspirin.

PMID- 178704
TI  - Effect of stress on blood leucocyte and milk somatic cell counts in dairy cows.
AB  - Blood and milk samples from Holstein cows were examined for total blood leucocyte
      count, differential blood leucocyte count, milk quality test, and somatic cell
      count in milk while the cows were stressed by corticotropin injection,
      confinement in a heat-humidity chamber, or environmental-heat stress by exposure
      during the hot summer months of June through November in southern Arizona. All
      three stressing conditions resulted in a moderate blood leucocytosis. Modest
      increases in somatic cell counts of milk were associated with corticotropin
      injection and environmental-heat stress. Positive correlations were recorded
      between blood leucocytes and somatic cell counts of milk in mastitis-free cows
      injected with corticotropin and between percent blood neutrophils and somatic
      cell counts of milk in environmental-heat stressed cows with no evidence of
      current mastitis.

PMID- 178705
TI  - Herpes zoster in Hodgkin's disease: unusual oral sequelae.

PMID- 178706
TI  - Four variables affecting magnitude of dentrifice abrasiveness.
AB  - A five-factor study was done on human dentin abrasion that involved two
      abrasives, either alone or in dentifrice form, two brush brands, two brush
      hardnesses, two concentrations, and two temperatures of testing. The hard brushes
      caused 3.6 times as much wear as the soft brushes, a greater influence than the
      abrasives compared. A brush X hardness interaction indicated that there is a wide
      variation among the stiffness gradings of toothbrushes. Tests run at 37 C were
      28% less abrasive than those at room temperature, suggesting a softening of
      bristles because of the warmer temperature. A highly significant abrasive X
      concentration interaction showed that dentifrices became more than twice as
      abrasive on dilution form 100 to 50%, but that abrasives alone did not show such
      changes on dilution. The second study included two hardnesses, two abrasives,
      three diluents, four concentrations, and two replicates. An interaction was found
      between abrasive and diluent, showing that glycerine inhibited abrasion by 88% in
      comparison with saliva and CMC. A hardness X concentration interaction showed
      that wear varied widely with concentration for the hard brush but scarcely at all
      for the soft brush. These findings suggest that abrasiveness of dentifrices
      depends strongly on testing conditions and that no single set of conditions is
      suitable for evaluating dentifrice abrasiveness.

PMID- 178703
TI  - Effect of pregnancy and lactation on triglycerides of very-low-density
      lipoproteins of rat plasma.
AB  - Triglyceride in the blood of rats increased during pregnancy, decreased to
      control during lactation, and increased again on weaning. The triglyceride
      content of the very-low-density lipoproteins (d less than 1.006 g/ml) changed in
      parallel with that of the plasma, and its magnitude indicated that it was chiefly
      responsible for the transport of triglycerides in the blood. These changes were
      accompanied by changes in the electrophoretic pattern of the lipoproteins of rat
      plasma, but no such changes were observed in lipoproteins of ovine and caprine
      serum.

PMID- 178707
TI  - An enzymic assay for acetate fruit juices and wines.

PMID- 178708
TI  - Age-related changes in the flight muscle mitochondria from the blowfly Sarcophaga
      bullata.
AB  - Flight muscle mitochondria have been isolated from female blowflies (Sarcophaga
      bullata) of different ages, alpha-Glycerophosphate and pyruvate-proline
      respiration rates increase during development. Only pyruvate-proline respiration
      declines toward senescence (30%). This decline can be overcome by ATP-NaHCO3.
      Cytochrome concentrations and hydrogen peroxide generation rates per protein
      increase during development but remain constant thereafter. Total NAD+ of
      metabolically completely oxidized mitochondria decreases during development; a
      small decline occurs between mature and senescent mitochondria. Respiring young
      mitochondria do not swell in potassium isethionate, very little in potassium
      chloride, and relatively slowly in potassium acetate. Mature and senescent
      mitochondria do swell in these three salts but cannot be differentiated from each
      other on this basis. None of the preparations swells in sodium chloride, sodium-
      or potassium Mops. While many differences exist between young and mature
      mitochondria, only the decline in pyruvate-proline respiration distinguishes
      mature from senescent mitochondria.

PMID- 178709
TI  - Nuclear inclusions: a study of aging in Drosophila.
AB  - Increased numbers and distribution of nuclear inclusions were correlated with
      aging in Drosophila imagoes. The various types of nuclear inclusions observed in
      the present study and those reported in the literature were categorized to their
      morphologies. It was noted that they may be located (a) in the nucleus proper,
      such as parallel fibrillar bundles, virus-like particles, tubulo-membraneous
      systems and amorphous fibrillo-granular deposits, (b) between the inner and outer
      nuclear membranes, such as cytoplasm-like intrusions, multilocular bodies and
      electron opaque vacuoles, and (c) outside the nucleus proper, such as those
      cytoplasmic invagination that interdigitate with infoldings of the nuclear
      membrane. A possible explanation of the relationship of these nuclear inclusions
      with aging and death is proposed.

PMID- 178710
TI  - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from young and adult rats.
AB  - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.11) was purified from the livers of young
      (69-86 days) and adult (370-386 days) Fisher rats. The enzyme preparations were
      examined for increasing amounts of missynthesized proteins by means of heat
      inactivation as well as for differences in regulatory properties. No significant
      difference with respect to the fraction of rapidly heat-inactivated enzyme or Km-
      and Ki-values was found. These results do not support the hypothesis that error
      accumulation resulting in an error catastrophe is a general phenomenon underlying
      senescence and death.

PMID- 178792
TI  - Endodermally-derived and neural crest-derived differentiation antigens expressed
      by a human lung tumor.
AB  - The plasma membrane antigens of an undifferentiated small cell (oat cell)
      carcinoma of the lung were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence method on
      frozen section substrates with a rabbit antiserum prepared to the tumor plasma
      membrane fraction. After appropriate absorption of the antiserum, at least two
      differentiation antigens present on the tumor cells but undetectable on normal
      lung surface or glandular epithelial cells were identified. One antigen(s) was
      characteristic of certain normal, endodermally-derived epithelial cells of the
      digestive system, including those of colonic mucosa, hepatic ducts, pancreatic
      ducts and acini, and islets of Langerhans. The other antigen(s) was
      characteristic of certain normal, neural crest-derived cells in the peripheral
      nervous system, including cells in peripheral nerve, dorsal root ganglion, and
      anterior roots of the spinal cord; parasympathetic ganglion cells in the colon;
      and small nerves and nerve processes in the lung, colon, and skin. It was
      concluded that the presence of these differentiation antigens on the tumor cells
      resulted from the expression of gene products repressed in the normal cell of
      origin of the tumor.

PMID- 178793
TI  - Studies on the terminal stages of antibody-complement-mediated killing of a tumor
      cell. I. Evidence for the existence of an intermediate, T.
AB  - The mechanism of the terminal steps in the lysis of antibody-sensitized tumor
      cells by complement (TAC) was studied. It was shown that once complement has
      reacted, lysis proceeded even in the absence of fluid-phase complement.
      Transformation of TAC to dead cells was found to be at least a two-step process:
      one of the steps was temperature dependent whereas the other was reversibly
      inhibited by EDTA. In analogy to the hemolytic system, TAC has been designated T.

PMID- 178794
TI  - Studies on the terminal stages of antibody-complement-mediated killing of a tumor
      cell. II. Inhibition of transformation of T to dead cells by 3'5' cAMP.
AB  - Transformation of T to dead cells was prevented by 3'5' cAMP. The effect of 3'5'
      cAMP was dose, time, and temperature dependent. T washed free of 3'5' cAMP after
      short-term incubation proceeded to die to the same extent as control cells. After
      3 hr of incubation of T with 3'5' cAMP the level of killing was significantly
      reduced. The 3'5' cyclic nucleotides of uridine, guanine, cytosine, and thymidine
      and the 2'3' cyclic adenosine nucleotide were not effective. It was concluded
      that prolonged treatment of T with 3'5' cAMP either irreversibly blocked the
      damage-producing process or facilitated the reapir of damaged sites.

PMID- 178795
TI  - Naturally soluble tumor antigens from guinea pig hepatomas: isolation and partial
      characterization.
AB  - Naturally soluble tumor antigens were detected in the ascites fluid of guinea
      pigs bearing an ascites tumor and from exhausted tissue culture media of cultured
      tumor cells. Two antigenically distinct cell lines of diethylnitrosamine-induced
      strain-2 guinea pig hepatomas (line-10 and line-1) served as the source of tumor
      antigens. Tumor antigen activity was detected by four different techniques:
      immunodiffusion, inhibition of complement-mediated cytotoxicity, inhibition of
      membrane immunofluorescence, and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. With
      syngeneic tumor-specific antiserum, line-10 guinea pig tumor antigens were
      detected by immunofluorescence in the concentrated ascites and tissue culture
      fluids. With a xenogenic antiserum, demonstrated to be tumor specific, line-10
      tumor antigens were detected not only in the concentrated ascites and tissue
      culture fluids but also in two of the partially purified fractions of these
      fluids. When the line-10 concentrated ascites and its fraction I were subjected
      to ultracentrifugation at 300,000 x G for 1 hr, the antigen activity was retained
      in the supernatant and thus by this criterion the tumor antigens detected in
      these samples are soluble. Immunodiffusion data indicate that more than one
      antigen is present in the line-10 system since three lines of precipitation were
      detected when line-10 concentrated ascites was reacted with the line-10 tumor
      specific antiserum. In contrast to this, the line-10-concentrated tissue culture
      fluid displayed only one line of precipitation. Although tumor antigens could not
      be demonstrated in the other antigenically distinct tumor cell line, line-1, by
      immunodiffusion or inhibition of membrane immunofluorescence, inhibition of
      complement-mediated cytotoxicity was able to detect tumor antigens in the line-1
      concentrated ascites and tissue culture fluids.

PMID- 178796
TI  - Regulatory serum lipoproteins: regulation of lymphocyte stimulation by a species
      of low density lipoprotein.
AB  - Low density lipoproteins (LDL) containing apolipoprotein B were separated from 15
      fresh normal human serum pools by three independent isolation methods including
      sequential ultracentrifugal flotation, affinity chromatography, and polyanion
      precipitation. A discrete subpopulation of LDL (LDL-In) was isolated which
      possessed comparable inhibitory activity for PHA, PWM, and allogenic cell
      stimulated human lymphocytes in vitro at concentrations of 1 to 10 mug protein/1
      x 10(5) lymphocytes/0.25 ml culture. LDL-In was characterized by a mean buoyant
      density of 1.055 g/ml in KBr, a m.w. of 2 to 3 x 10(6) daltons and a composition
      of 20 to 25% protein and 75 to 80% lipid with beta electrophoretic mobility. The
      biologic activity of LDL-In was non-cytotoxic, independent of mitogen
      concentration, and dependent upon the concentration of serum in the culture
      assay. The effect was temporally dependent requiring approximately 24 hr for
      induction of a stable suppressed state. Suppression was reversible with shorter
      periods of exposure to LDL-In. LDL-In did not inhibit lymphocytes at periods
      greater than 19 hr after stimulation, suggesting that LDL-In may influence
      metabolis events associated with the inductive phase of lymphocyte activation by
      lectins and allogeneic cells. LDL-In was clearly distinguishable from T
      lymphocyte E rosette inhibitory factor since it did not influence E rosette
      function of lymphocytes. The physicochemical and biologic properties of LDL-In
      clearly distinguish this reguloratory lipoprotein from previously described
      immunoregulatory factors.

PMID- 178797
TI  - Effect of murine cytomegalovirus on the in vitro responses of T and B cells to
      mitogens.
AB  - Both in vitro and in vivo murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection depressed the
      responses of lymphocytes to both B and T cell mitogens. The possibilities that
      macrophages or nonspecific T cell inhibition of B cells might account for the
      depressed responses were eliminated. In vitro data suggested that B cell
      responses are more susceptible to this depression than T cell responses. The
      possibility that the depression of T cell responses is not a direct effect of
      viral infection of lymphocytes is discussed. To investigate further the
      interaction between B and T lymphocytes and MCMV, mice with B and T cell
      deficiences were studied. A comparison of the susceptibility of athymic Nu/Nu
      mice and T cell competent Nu/+ littermates to MCMV showed that the LD50 for Nu/Nu
      mice is 10-fold lower than that for Nu/+ mice, but Nu/+ mice given an LD50 of
      virus died much sooner after infection than Nu/Nu mice given an LD50. Pathogenic
      mechanisms responsible for death may be different in these two groups of mice.
      Similarly the MCMV LD50 for B cell-deficient mice (treated with goat anti-mouse
      IgM serum) was 10-fold lower than the LD50 for mice treated with normal goat
      serum, but given an LD50 of virus, the latter died sooner after infection than
      the former. In contrast, there was little difference between the LD50 or time of
      death after MCMV infection of CBA x DBA F1 male mice (which are deficient in
      their response to thymic independent antigens) and their normal littermates, the
      CBA x DBA F1 female mice.

PMID- 178798
TI  - Enhancement of DNA synthesis and cAMP content of mouse thymocytes by mediator(s)
      derived from adherent cells.
AB  - Supernatants of adherent mouse peritoneal exudate cells or human mononuclear
      cells were used as the source of lymphocyte activation factor (LAF). LAF was
      found to potentiate the effect of mitogens such as PHA and Con A on DNA synthesis
      by mouse thymocytes. However, LAF also was capable of reducing vigorous thymosyte
      reactions to Con A. Thus, LAF usually enhanced the effect of PHA on DNA synthesis
      by BALB/c thymocytes to a relatively greater degree than that of Con A. This
      change in the ratio of Con A to PHA response of thymocytes suggests that LAF can
      serve as a regulator of thymocyte DNA synthesis. Moreover, in the presence of
      LAF, allogeneic thymocytes developed the ability to have bidirectional mixed
      thymocyte reactions. Exposure to LAF not only improved the ability of parental
      thymocytes to act as responder cells, but, in addition, led to increased
      stimulatory activity of F1 thymocytes, presumably by promoting the
      differentiation of stimulator cells. These indications that LAF affected
      differentiation were investigated further by studying its effect on the cAMP
      content of thymocytes. LAF stimulated significant immediate but transient
      elevations of intracellular cAMP and adenylate cyclase activity in thymocyte
      membranes. In contrast, the mitogens themselves failed to elevate or to influence
      the effect of LAF on the content of intracellular cAMP of thymocytes.
      Furthermore, the potentiating effect of LAF on mitogen-induced thymocyte DNA
      synthesis at times was enhanced by exogenous cGMP, carbachol, or imidazole. These
      findings suggest that LAF, through its stimulation of cAMP levels in thymocytes
      may in turn promote thymocytes to differentiate sufficiently to become competent
      to proliferative in response to mitogens.

PMID- 178800
TI  - Heterologous sera: a target for in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - During the course of studies in inbred Strain 2 Guinea pigs on in vitro cell
      mediated cytotoxicity to viral induced fibrosarcomas, it was observed that fetal
      calf serum in the medium in which the target cells were grown was responsible in
      some instances for much of the cytotoxicity observed. This fetal calf serum
      specific cytotoxicity seemed mainly mediated by T cells and appeared to be
      independent on histocompatibility between target and killer cells.

PMID- 178799
TI  - Studies on T cell clonal expansion. II. The in vitro differentiation of pre
      killer and memory T cells.
AB  - Spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice immunized with a DBA/2 mastocytoma (P815) were
      harvested at various stages of the immune response and cultured in vitro in the
      presence and absence of antigen. Killer T cell activity in immune spleens could
      not be demonstrated until 6 or 7 days after antigen, but spleen cells harvested
      as early as 3 or 4 days and cultured for 24 hr at 37 degrees C showed significant
      cytotoxicity. This increased activity was not augmented further by culturing with
      antigen. "Memory" T cells, whose in vitro differentiation into killer cells
      required the presence of antigen, could not be demonstrated until 9 or 10 days
      after alloantigenic stimulation. Once produced, however, these cells persisted
      for at least 6 months. Memory cells, like killer T cells bound avidly to
      homologous allogeneic monolayers. There were indications that the memory T cell
      pool was heterogeneous. On one hand, when cells harvested 10 days after
      stimulation were exposed to antigen in vitro, their lytic activity increased
      within 24 hr but showed no further increases when the culture period was
      extended. In contrast, 45-day-old immune cells showed increasing lytic activity
      throughout a 4-day exposure to antigen. Augmentation of lytic activity in both
      cell populations was independent of DNA synthesis through the first 24 hr of
      culture. Subsequent increases in the activity of 45-day cells was dependent upon
      cell proliferation. Both the antigen-independent augmentation of lytic activity
      which followed culturing of immune cells, and the antigen-induced differentiation
      of memory cells were reversibly inhibited by a series of drugs which raised
      lymphocyte cAMP levels.

PMID- 178801
TI  - The development by cytomegalovirus-infected cells of binding affinity for normal
      human immunoglobulin.
AB  - After infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV), cells develop an affinity for
      normal human immunoglobulin G (IgG). This was demonstrated using 125iodine
      labeled purified IgG. It was further demonstrated that the immunoglobulin
      molecule binds to CMV-infected cells via its Fc portion, and competition for
      binding to infected cells occurred between purified preparations of human IgG and
      the Fc fragment of human IgG. Whole sera from individuals with or without a high
      titer of anti-CMV antibody were labeled with 125iodine and it was demonstrated
      that serum from individuals with no anti-CMV antibody had an affinity for CMV
      infected cells which probably reflected binding of IgG via its Fc fragment. The
      possible significance of these results in immunologic studies of human CMV is
      considered.

PMID- 178802
TI  - Human lymphocyte subpopulations: giant SRBC rosettes.
AB  - Human thymus-derived lymphocytes have the ability to form rosettes with sheep red
      blood cells (SRBC) in vitro. In the investigation of rosettes of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of 10 normal subjects, the number of SRBC adhering to the lymphocyte
      in each of 100 rosettes was assessed. The percentage of rosettes with SRBC
      greater than or equal to 36 per rosette was only 1.2 +/- 0.5. These were defined
      as giant SRBC rosettes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro by
      four mitogens: sodium periodate, neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase, pokeweed
      mitogen, and concanavalin A. The lymphocytes were then cultured at 37 degrees C.
      The giant rosette-forming lymphocytes became significantly increased 4 to 24 hr
      after stimulation, prior to the appearance of lymphoblasts or increased
      incorporation of tritiated thymidine. The giant rosettes were not caused by the
      hemagglutinating properties of pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin A that were
      adsorbed on the lymphocyte surfaces. This was shown by the fact that, on removal
      of the receptors by trypsinization, they were regenerated on culture in vitro in
      the absence of the mitogens. It was concluded that giant SRBC rosettes
      constituted a marker for some of the activated lymphocytes. Their appearance was
      independent of the increase in size of the cells or of DNA synthesis. These
      receptors were intrinsic to lymphocytes and not caused by mitogens adsorbed on
      their surfaces.

PMID- 178803
TI  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the maxillary sinus.

PMID- 178804
TI  - Factors regulating growth and pigmentation of melanoma cells.
AB  - Growth and melanization are intimately related in melanoma cells. MSH, by
      promoting elevated cyclic AMP levels, causes increases in melanization, cessation
      of growth, and gross morphologic changes in Cloudman S-91 melanoma cells. Growth
      inhibition results from high levels of cyclic AMP while growth stimulation occurs
      with lower levels. During melanization, oxidation products of tyrosine are
      generated which are toxic to the cells. Genetic studies have revealed that some
      of these processes are related through common biochemical pathways. This article
      reviews work of recent years on such regulatory mechanisms in melanoma.

PMID- 178805
TI  - Localization of adenosine o',5'-monophosphate in mouse epidermis by
      immunofluorescence.
AB  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) has been localized in mouse epidermal
      cells using an immunofluorescent technique. Within 10 min following the
      intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol or 30 hr following the topical
      application of croton oil in acetone, staining was clearly visible in the
      cytoplasm of the basal cells.

PMID- 178806
TI  - Effects of reserpine, epidermal growth factor, and cyclic nucleotide modulators
      on epidermal mitosis.
AB  - The mouse ear G2 mitosis assay was modified for the screening of potential
      antimitotic agents. An inhibitory adrenergic influence, which maintains mitotic
      rate at a normally low level, was removed by pretreatment of mice with reserpine.
      This depletes endogenous catecholamines, produces a state of enhanced mitotic
      activity, and makes the epidermal cells particularly sensitive to mitotic
      inhibition by agents which elevate the levels of cyclic AMP. Isoproterenol [IC 50
      approximately 1 X 10(-9) M], prostaglandins, dibutyryl cyclic AMP [IC 50
      approximately 2 X 10(-5) M], papaverine, theophylline and 5' AMP were inhibitory
      in the assay, whereas dibutyryl cyclic GMP and the cholinergic stimulator
      carbamylcholine either stimulated or had no effect on mitosis. Epidermal growth
      factor was employed as an alternate means of stimulating cell division. Skin fron
      newborn mice or rats pretreated with this substance had increased epidermal
      mitotic activity which was inhibited cyclic AMP elevators.

PMID- 178808
TI  - [Structure and function of cytochrome c' (author's transl)].

PMID- 178807
TI  - Adrenocortical hydroxylase deficiencies in acne vulgaris.
AB  - To investigate the possible occurrence of partial 11- or 21-hydroxylase
      deficiences in acne, an androgen-dependent disorder, 11 women with chronic
      nodulocystic acne were subjected to a 24-hr infusion of ACTH and their urine
      analyzed for tetrahydro S and pregnanetrio. The results obtained were compared to
      those found in 8 control women. Seven of the patients exhibited elevated
      excretion of either tetrahydro S or pregnanetriol, probably indicative of partial
      11- or 21-hydroxylase deficiencies, respectively.

PMID- 178809
TI  - Benign liver tumor in a patient taking contraceptive steroids.

PMID- 178811
TI  - Varicella-zoster virus and facial palsy.
AB  - Two cases of Ramsey-Hunt Syndrome are reported, one of which presented features
      of the Guillain-Barre Syndrome. It is suggested that the varicella-zoster virus
      is an aetiological factor in the Guillain-Barre Syndrome.

PMID- 178810
TI  - Urinary excretion of carnitine in man.
AB  - A convenient assay procedure for urinary carnitine is described. Urinary
      excretion of carnitine is determined in human subjects in various experimental
      states. Average excretions by this procedure were 59.3+/-3.3 mg. per day in men
      and 44.1+/-2.9 mg. per day in women. Carnitine excretion had a wide variation in
      women during the menstrual cycle and reached a maximum at the time of ovulation,
      but the excretion was relatively constant in men. Marked increases in carnitine
      excretion were observed in the states with increased lipolysis induced by fasting
      or ACTH injection. This finding suggests that lipid mobilization might be
      reflected in the excretion of carnitine in urine.

PMID- 178812
TI  - Peripheral facial palsy and herpes zoster infection.
AB  - A clinical and virological study of 133 consecutive cases of peripheral facial
      palsy has provided evidence for simultaneous infection with the varicella-zoster
      virus in 9 patients (6-8 per cent). Seven of these presented differing but
      typical manifestations of the Ramsay Hunt syndrome, and the diagnosis was
      therefore strongly suspected on the basis of the clinical findings alone. The
      remaining two patients had neither herpetiform rash nor involvement of the eighth
      cranial nerve, and had been diagnosed in the clinic as typical cases of Bell's
      palsy. In this series the incidence of zoster infection in apparent idiopathic
      facial palsy was 1-8 per cent.

PMID- 178814
TI  - The effects of N-hexyl-O-glucosyl sphingosine on normal cultured human
      fibroblasts: a chemical model for Gaucher's disease.
AB  - Normal human skin fibroblasts were grown in the presence of N-hexyl-O-glucosyl
      sphingosine (HGS), an inhibitor of aryl glucosidase and glucocerebrosidase. Tests
      of the cells with aryl glycosides showed that beta-glucosidase activity in the
      cells was drastically reduced while other enzyme activities (alpha-glucosidase,
      beta-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase) were normal or elevated.
      Exposure of cells to HGS for 28 days resulted in increased values for cell weight
      per plate, glucocerebroside concentration, and galactosyl-galactosylglucosyl
      ceramide concentration. The concentrations of total lipid, cholesterol, and
      protein were unchanged, as was the fatty acid distribution within the
      glycolipids. Chemically, the inhibitor-treated cells exhibited a model form of
      Gaucher's disease. Although many membranous cytoplasmic inclusions were induced
      by HGS, they were unlike the characteristic inclusions seen in individuals with
      the genetic disorder. Skin fibroblasts from a Gaucher patient showed no
      abnormalities in composition or appearance.

PMID- 178813
TI  - Distribution of glycosphingolipids in the serum lipoproteins of normal human
      subjects and patients with hypo- and hyperlipidemias.
AB  - Five glycosphingolipids (GSL), glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide,
      trihexosylceramide, globoside, and hematoside (GM3) were studied in serum from
      normal human subjects and patients with dyslipoproteinemia and found to be
      exclusively associated with the various classes of serum lipoproteins. Based on a
      unit weight of lipoprotein protein, the total amount of GSL in serum  normal
      subjects was twice as high in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (d less than
      1.006 g/ml) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (d 1.019-1.063 g/ml) as in high
      density lipoproteins HDL2 (d 1.063-1.125 g/ml) or HDL3 (d 1.125-1.21 g/ml). In
      abetalipoproteinemia the levels of serum GSL were slightly reduced when compared
      to normal serum and were all found in the only existing lipoprotein, HDL; this
      contained 2-3 moles of GSL/ mole of lipoprotein as compared to 0.5 GSL/mole in
      normal HDL. In hypobetalipoproteinemia and Tangier disease, the serum
      glycosphingolipids were 10 to 30% reduced in concentration compared to the 75%
      reduction in other lipids, and were again found to be associated only with the
      serum lipoproteins. The relative proportions of GSL did not vary substantially in
      the normo- and hypolipidemic subjects studied. Only in patients with homozygous
      familial hypercholesterolemia was there a significant (3-4-fold) elevation of all
      of the five GSL species and this elevation of all of the five GSL species and
      this elevation correlated well with that of the circulating cholesterol and LDL.
      On a molar basis the LDL of these patients contained the same amount of GSL as
      normal subjects (5 moles GSL/mole protein). It is concluded that: (1)
      glycosphingolipids are associated only with the major lipoprotein classes in both
      normal and dyslipoproteinemic serum; (2) the relative proportions of the five
      glycosphingolipids are not significantly affected by dyslipoproteinemia; (3) only
      in severe hypolipoproteinemia do the remaining serum lipoproteins carry a
      complement of glycosphingolipids greater than normal. Although our results
      establish that glycosphingolipids are intimately associated with serum
      lipoproteins, the mode of association or the structural and functional
      significance of such an association remains undetermined.

PMID- 178816
TI  - Adenosine 3': 5'-cyclic monophosphate as a possible mediator in the proliferative
      effect of prolactin on the pigeon crop sac.

PMID- 178817
TI  - Effects of sub-total gastro-intestinal pancreatectomy of the rat foetus.
AB  - Sub-total pancreatectomy in utero was performed in 18-day-old rat foetuses.
      Pancreatectomized, sham-operated and control foetuses were collected 3 days later
      and body weight, glucose and insulin levels in blood, and glycogen content and
      glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity of the liver were determined.
      Pancreatectomized foetuses showed only very small pancreatic remnants (less than
      or equal to 1 mg) and accordingly their insulin levels were much lower (four to
      five times) than those of sham-operated or control foetuses; their blood glucose
      levels were slightly increased and liver glycogen content and G-6-Pase activity
      were slightly reduced; their body weights were also reduced. These results are
      discussed in relation to other relevant data in the literature. They afford
      direct experimental evidence of the endogenous origin of insulin in the foetal
      blood. It is suggested that during the last days of intra-uterine life insulin
      merely completes the action of the glucocorticoids on glycogen storage in rat
      foetal liver and probably contributes to foetal body growth. Its relative
      ineffectiveness on the foetal blood glucose level is not explained. As
      pancreatectomized foetuses develop sub-normal liver G-6-Pase activity, glucagon
      is probably not responsible for the increase in this activity occurring during
      normal development before birth.

PMID- 178815
TI  - The effect of sex on the quantity and properties of the very low density
      lipoprotein secreted by the liver in vitro.
AB  - Livers from normally fed male and female rats were perfused in vitro with
      different amounts of oleate, and the production and properties of the very low
      density lipoprotein (VLDL) were studied. The mobility of the VLDL in the zonal
      ultracentrifuge was dependent on the uptake of free fatty acid and on the sex of
      the animal from which the liver was obtained. A higher proportion of the VLDL
      secreted by livers from females displayed a more rapid mobility in the zonal
      ultracentrifuge and, in addition, contained less phospholipid and cholesterol per
      mole triglyceride than the VLDL from the male, suggestive of larger size of the
      VLDL secreted by livers from the female rats. Such differences were diminished
      when the VLDL was compared at equal output of triglyceride but unequal uptake of
      free fatty acid. These data suggest that the properties of the VLDL are only
      secondarily modulated by sex, and primarily result from differences in the
      capacities of livers from either male or female rats to synthesize triglyceride
      for transport as VLDL. The quantity of triglyceride secreted, regardless of sex,
      may be an important determinant of both size and number of the VLDL particles.
      The incorporation of endogenous hepatic fatty acid into VLDL triglyceride was
      diminished in livers from both sexes by increased uptake of oleate. The greater
      output of VLDL triglyceride by livers from female animals was dependent on both
      exogenous and endogenous fatty acids when relatively small quantities of
      exogenous oleate were available for uptake by the liver. The proportion of
      palmitate and oleate in the phospholipid of the VLDL secreted by livers from male
      rats decreased and the content of arachidonate increased with increasing uptake
      of oleate; no differences were observed in the composition of the phospholipid
      fatty acids among the various experimental female groups, although these
      contained more stearate and less oleate and linoleate compared to the male
      groups. The change of fatty acid composition of the VLDL phospholipid may reflect
      inclusion of specific types of phospholipid in the VLDL structure for transport
      of triglyceride from the liver under particular conditions.

PMID- 178818
TI  - The role of cyclic 3':5'-adenosine monophosphate in the responses of the
      intestine and kidney to angiotensin.

PMID- 178819
TI  - Ultrastructural observations of lethal yellow (Ay/Ay) mouse embryos.
AB  - Ay/Ay embroys were identified by the presence of large exluded blastomeres
      (Pedersen, 1974) and examined cytologically and ultrastructurally. Cell
      organelles, inclusions and junctions in the excluded blastomeres were compared
      with those of non-excluded cells of Ay/Ay embryos and control embryos. Excluded
      blastomeres always had the fine structural characteristics of earlier
      developmental stages and may have arrested at the 4- to 8-cell stage of slightly
      later. Interior cells (inner cell mass) were observed in all mutant blastocysts.
      Non-excluded cells of Ay/Ay embryos were normal until degenerative changes appear
      in the late blastocyst stage. The mode of action of the +Ay gene was not
      determined, but evidence from this study and others indicate that the effects of
      +Ay gene action occur over a wide range of time in early cleavage and
      implantation.

PMID- 178820
TI  - The pharmacology of an insect ganglion: actions of carbamylcholine and
      acetylcholine.
AB  - 1. Methods for presenting dose-response data for the ganglionic actions of
      cholinergic agonists (e.g. carbamylcholine) are compared, using the mannitol-gap
      technique for electrophysiological recording of synaptic events at the cercal
      nerve, giant fibre synapse of the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach
      Periplaneta americana. 2. At concentrations around 10(-5)M, carbamylcholine has
      no effect on ganglionic polarization but potentiates the monosynaptic EPSP. At
      10(-4)M and higher concentrations, ganglionic depolarization is accompanied by a
      reduction of EPSP. 3. Pretreatment with eserine (10(-6) M) considerably shifts
      the dose-response curve for acetylcholine so that synaptic transmission is
      consistently sensitive to 10(-6) M acetylcholine.

PMID- 178821
TI  - The requirement for membrane sialic acid in the stimulation of superoxide
      production during phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The effect of desialylation on phagocytosis of latex particles and oxidative
      metabolism of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied. Removal of 20%
      total leukocyte sialic acid by bacterial neuraminidase had no effect on
      phagocytosis of latex particles and phagocytosis-associated activation of hexose
      monophosphate shunt in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In contrast,
      desialylation prevented the stimulation of superoxide production either by
      phagocytosis or by concanavalin A. It is concluded that membrane sialic acid is
      essential for the stimulation of superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.

PMID- 178822
TI  - A quantitative assay for transformation of bone marrow cells by Abelson murine
      leukemia virus.
AB  - A quantitative Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) lymphoid cell
      transformation assay has been developed using a semisolid agarose culture system.
      Under these conditions lymphoid cell transformation was shown to vary linearly
      with the dose of A-MuLV used. The susceptibility of bone marrow cells from
      different strains of mice to A-MuLV-induced transformation can be estimated using
      the agarose assay. Strains with bone marrow cells of high, medium, and low
      susceptibility to A-MuLV can be identified. The assay has been used to study the
      susceptibility of cells from lymphoid organs of fetal and adult mice to A-MuLV.
      Cell suspensions from fetal liver, adult bone marrow, and adult spleen are
      susceptible to A-MuLV, while thymocytes are resistant to A-MuLV-induced
      transformation. Bovine serum albumin gradient fractionation of bone marrow cells
      before infection with A-MuLV demonstrates that the majority of A-MuLV-sensitive
      cells are recovered in a broad band partially overlapping the majority of the
      nucleated cells. The agarose assay system allows study of A-MuLV-lymphoid cell
      interaction at the level of single cell-single virus particle interaction.

PMID- 178823
TI  - Association between mitogenicity and immunogenicity of 4-hydroxy-3,5
      dinitrophenacetyl-lipopolysaccharide, a T-independent antigen.
AB  - Polymyxin B, which is a basic polypeptide produced by various strains of Bacillus
      Polymyxa, has previously been shown to prevent the lethal effect of LPS and to
      neutralize the Schwartzmann reaction. In this study we have investigated the
      interactions between polymyxin B and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hapten LPS
      conjugates. Polymyxin B was found to suppress mitogenicity of LPS and also to
      inhibit immunogenicity of the hapten conjugate 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenacetyl
      (NNP)-LPS. Inhibition was not due to interference with the expression of NNP
      determinants nor to cross-reactivity between PB and the hapten. Since
      mitogenicity and immunogenicity decreased in parallel, we conclude that B-cell
      activation in specific thymus independent responses does not take place in the
      absence of a nonspecific (non-Ig-mediated) signal.

PMID- 178824
TI  - Generation of superoxide anion and chemiluminescence by human monocytes during
      phagocytosis and on contact with surface-bound immunoglobulin G.
AB  - Extent of O-2-release and chemiluminescence, attributed to singlet oxygen, has
      been compared in human monocytes and neutrophils during phagocytosis, stimulation
      by the surface-active agent phorbol myristate acetate, or contact with aggregated
      IgG in a model of immune complex disease. Monocytes generated O-2-and
      chemiluminescence with each of the three stimuli, although values were
      significantly less than those of neutrophils from the same individuals.
      Lymphocytes had no significant activity in either assay with any stimulus. Oxygen
      metabolites released from mononuclear phagocytes are highly reactive and could
      play a part in both the beneficial and detrimental aspects of chronic
      inflammation.

PMID- 178825
TI  - Effect of dithiothreitol on meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes in vitro:
      dependence of the effect on N6,O2'-dibutyryl Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate.
AB  - The inhibitory effect of dithiothreitol on meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes in
      vitro is a function of the intracellular dibutyryl cyclic AMP concentration.
      Inhibition of nuclear (germinal vesicle) breakdown by dibutyryl cyclic AMP is
      reversed upon transfer of oocytes to plain culture medium, whereas, transfer to
      medium containing dithiothreitol results in continued inhibition. Dithiothreitol
      significantly enhances the effectiveness of dibutyryl cyclic AMP as an inhibitor
      of meiotic maturation. These results suggest that the reported effect of
      sulfhydryl reducing agents on membrane dissolution and reconstitution, in both
      meiotic and mitotic cells, may be attributed to their influence on intracelular
      levels of cyclic AMP.

PMID- 178826
TI  - Beating intraocular hearts: light-controlled rate by autonomic innervation from
      host iris.
AB  - The sympathetic adrenergic ground plexus of the rat iris is able to innervate
      whole embryonic hearts transplanted to the anterior eye chamber. The transplants
      beat continuously from the time of transplantation and for at least five months,
      initially at 150-200 beats/min, and later approximately 250  beats/min. From
      seven days postoperatively onwards increased light to the eye produced
      deceleration while decreased light produced acceleration of the transplants. The
      rate changes coincided with changes in pupil diameter. Topical atropine reduced
      the light dependent rate variations of the transplants, especically the dramatic
      decrease in rate at white light. Waking stress caused a large rate increase. The
      "waking-effect" was strongly reduced by sympathetic decentralization and
      completely abolished by propranolol. The high rate seen in red light was
      decreased to the low rate of white light by decentralization. Isoprenaline
      restored red light rate levels in the decentralized transplant. The intraocular
      heart thus receives a dual functional autonomic input from the host iris and
      becomes a sensitive monitor of an autonomic nervous activity that can easily be
      varied at will in a physiological way by changing the light influx to the eye.

PMID- 178827
TI  - Biochemical studies of taste sensation. III. Preparation of a suspension of
      bovine taste bud cells and their labeling with a fluorescent probe.
AB  - A method to prepare suspensions of taste bud cells is described. Bovine
      circumvallate papillae, which contain most of the taste buds in this animal, are
      incubated in collagenase-containing medium and the epidermal sidewall tissue is
      then dissected from the inner gelatinous dermis. The sidewall tissue, which
      contains the taste buds, is gently homogenized by manual operation of an all
      glass homogenizer with a loose-fitting pestle. The suspended material is
      separated on a discontinous Ficoll gradient (2%, 8%, 10%, 12% w/w). The material
      banding at the 8-2% interface is greatly enriched in spindle-shaped cells that
      are morphologically similar to taste bud cells as they appear in situ. These
      cells are not seen when the procedure is done with tissues devoid of taste buds,
      namely the upper surface of the circumvallate papilla or epithelium from the
      intermolar eminence. Fluorescence analysis indicates that the hydrophobic probe,
      8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), binds to relatively nonpolar sites in the
      suspension. It is postulated that the probe is adsorbing onto the surface
      membrane of the cell. These preparations may be useful in studying specificity
      and transduction in taste sensation.

PMID- 178828
TI  - Stimulation of glycogenolysis in rat caudate nucleus slices by L
      isopropylnorepinephrine, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and 2-chloroadenosine.

PMID- 178829
TI  - Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in Guillain-Barre syndrome.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) were investigated for
      serum antibody titres against Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EBV-VCA),
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). The geometric mean
      EBV-VCA titre was 45 in GBS, compared with 15-22 in healthy adults and 60 in
      sarcoidosis. Nine of the 15 GBS patients (60%) from whom multiple serum specimens
      were available, displayed a four-fold variation in antibody titre to EBV-VCA
      during the course of their disease. The geometric mean titres against CMV and HSV
      were also slightly higher in GBS compared with controls, but no titre variations
      were observed. Serial samples of both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were
      available from 2 patients. Serum antibody titres against EBV were significantly
      higher in both during the initial phase of the disease. Serum antibody titres
      against CMV were also significantly elevated in 1 patient, but not until the
      second month after onset. The CSF antibody titres against EBV were higher in the
      beginning of the disease compared with the values during convalescence, but the
      titres observed were low. No measurable CSF antibody titres against CMV were
      found. The observation of varying serum antibody titres against EBV during the
      course of GBS can be interpreted as primary infections or as manifestations of
      reactivated latent virus infections. Further studies of the pathogenetic
      significance of this for the aetiology of the disease are warranted.

PMID- 178830
TI  - Herpes encephalitis. Rapid diagnosis and treatment with antiviral drugs.
AB  - The use of specific IgM antibodies and direct electron-microscopic examination of
      brain biopsies or vesicle fluid was tested as means of raped diagnosis in 6 cases
      of herpes simplex encephalitis seen consecutively in Montreal. In 2 of 3 biopsies
      herpes viruses were seen by negative staining of a cell extract within 1 hr. In
      the negative case, the biopsy was done almost 1 month after onset. In 2
      additional cases herpes virus particles were found directly in the fluid of
      isolated vesicles. In the last 2 cases, who survived, the diagnosis of herpes
      encephalitis rested upon the demonstration of a greater than 4-fold rise in
      complement fixing herpes simplex virus antibodies in convalescent sera and upon
      the appearance late in the course of the encephalitis of specific antibodies in
      the cerebrospinal fluid. The early appearance of specific IgM antibodies
      contributed to the diagnosis in 4 of the 6 cases. Antiviral therapy was attempted
      in alternate cases (3 cases) but was not successful. Brain biopsy is rarely
      performed for diagnostic purposes but when prompt antiviral therapy is
      contemplated, the examination of the biopsy material for herpes virus particles
      by electron microscopy in negative staining and thin sections can rapidly and
      reliably confirm the diagnosis.

PMID- 178831
TI  - A comparison of the fine structure of motor end-plates in Duchenne dystrophy and
      in human neurogenic diseases.
AB  - With the aim of investigating the pathogenesis of Duchenne dystrophy, and in
      particular the role of denervation, the fine structural features of motor end
      plates in the limb muscles of 13 patients with Duchenne dystrophy were compared
      with those in 26 controls and 50 patients suffering from known neurogenic
      diseases. The wide variation in control end-plates es emphasised. The sole plates
      in Duchenne dystrophy tended to retract from the end-plate, and shared only
      sprout formation, enclodure of terminals in Schwann cell cytoplasm and (in one
      instance) close packing of neurofilaments in the terminal with the changes in
      denervating end-plates. In these latter, withdrawal of terminals from the sole
      and various degenerative figures were the rule. It was concluded that there is no
      adequate morphological evidence in motor end-plates to support the concept of
      Duchenne dystrophy as a neurogenic disease.

PMID- 178832
TI  - Peripheral nerve changes induced by methyl n-butyl ketone and potentiation by
      methyl ethyl ketone.
AB  - A study of the sequential morphological changes in the peripheral nerve induced
      by experimental inhalation exposure of methyl n-butyl ketone (MBK) revealed that
      the earliest change was an increase in the number of neurofilaments in the large
      myelinated nerve fibers. This change occurred prior to axonal swelling or myelin
      thinning. As the duration of exposure lengthened the number of neurofilaments
      gradually increased and ultimately produced axonal swelling with secondary
      thinning of the myelin sheath. This appears to be the pathogenesis of the "giant
      axonal" neuropathy. Another change observed early in this neuropathy was the
      presence of inpouchings of the myelin sheath, which also increased in number in
      parallel to the duration of exposure. A careful study of the sequential changes
      in the entire motor unit did not show a predilection for early morphological
      changes at the axon terminal. Abnormalities at the neuromuscular junction
      occurred only after a full spectrum of changes were seen in the main nerve trunk,
      nerve roots and intramuscular nerves. An important observation was the marked
      potentiation of peripheral neurotoxicity observed when animals were exposed to
      MBK in combination with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at a ratio of 1:5, MBK:MEK. The
      latter solvent showed no neurotoxic effect alone. This might help explain a
      recent outbreak of a polyneuropathy affecting many workers. One further
      observation was that the sural nerve of a patient with prolonged exposure to MBK
      showed changes similar to those induced experimentally.

PMID- 178833
TI  - Experimental panencephalitis induced in suckling mice by parainfluenza type 1
      (6/94) virus. I. Clinical and pathological features.
AB  - Intracerebral inoculation of two strains of suckling mice with 6/94 virus, a
      parainfluenza type 1 virus originally isolated from two patients with multiple
      sclerosis, produced clinical disease 1-2 weeks after inoculation. Of 528 animals
      inoculated, 33% died (26% of the ICR strain and 76% of the BALB/c strain) usually
      between two or three weeks after injection. Animals that recovered appeared to
      develop normally. Pathological changes were of two types. Initially, there was a
      necrotizing panencephalitis with virus-specific intracytoplasmic inclusions in
      choroid and ependymal epithelial cells and neurons. The second major lesion
      appeared about 6 weeks post inoculation and consisted of a noninflammatory
      spongiform degeneration of white matter that primarily involved the cerebral
      hemispheres; a diffuse vacuolar encephalapathy primarily affecting the brain
      stem; and a persistent minimal inflammation.

PMID- 178834
TI  - Experimental panencephalitis induced in suckling mice, by parainfluenza type 1
      (6/94) virus, II. Virologic studies.
AB  - 6/94 virus, a parainfluenza type 1 isolate from multiple sclerosis brain tissue,
      produced a chronic panencephalitis when inoculated intracerebrally into suckling
      ICR mice. Immunofluorescent staining revealed 6/94 viral antigen in ependyma,
      meninges, choroid plexus, and perivascular parenchymal sites from day 3 to 128
      days after infection. Hemadsorption-neutralizing antibody was first detected
      between 20-25 days after infection and remained at high titers for 7 months.
      Using embryonated chicken eggs, virus was recovered from mouse brains for only 8
      days, but could be recovered from brains grown in vitro as explants for 37 days
      after infection. In cell lines established from explanted brain tissue,
      immunofluorescence was the most sensitive indicator of virus presence, although
      infectious virus was not produced. Fusion of these mouse brain cells with human
      (W138) indicator cells was the most effective means of rescuing 6/94 virus.

PMID- 178835
TI  - Experimental panencephalitis induced in suckling mice by parainfluenza I (6/94)
      virus. III. Ultrastructural studies.
AB  - Intracerebral inoculation of newborn mice with Parainfluenza I (6/94) virus
      produces a chronic panencephalitis. Electron microscopic studies were carried out
      over 125 days of the infection. Productive infection of choroidal and ependymal
      epithelial cells was seen from postinoculation days 2nd to the 8th. Fusion of
      adjacent choroid and ependymal cells resulted in giant cell formation. Completed
      virions were seen adsorbed to circulating macrophages and these cells replicated
      intracytoplasmic nucleocapsids. Neuronal infection was evident on the 3rd
      postinoculation day, was widespread by the 6th day postinoculation and persisted
      to the 35th day postinoculation. Nucleocapsid alignment and budding from neuronal
      plasma membranes was never seen. An initially intense mononuclear cell infiltrate
      subsided by the 35th day but residual inflammation persisted throughout the
      study. Late in the course of the infection, vacuolation of the neuropil and a
      periventricular and deep cerebral spongiform change was seen which could not be
      directly associated with local viral replication. These ultrastructural findings
      are correlated with prior light microscopic, virological and immunofluorescent
      studies of the infection and compared to other experimental models of myxovirus
      central nervous system infections.

PMID- 178836
TI  - "Paramyxovirus-like" intranuclear inclusions occurring in the nervous system in
      diverse unrelated conditions.
AB  - Filamentous intranuclear inclusions similar to the "paramyxovirus-like"
      intranuclear inclusions described in active multiple sclerosis (MS) were observed
      incidentally in four patients who had diverse disorders such as rabies,
      mannosidosis, metachromatic leukodystrophy, cerebral aneurysm and ischemic
      infarcts. The observation is in support of the mounting evidence that the "virus
      like" intranuclear inclusions are not specific for MS and may occur frequently in
      a variety of diverse conditions. Moreover, neither virological nor immunological
      evidence as to the viral nature of the intranuclear inclusions has been presented
      to date, and the intranuclear inclusions have been observed mostly in
      degenerating or autolyzed cells in biopsied or autopsied tissue samples. In view
      of all the circumstantial evidence, it is suggested that the intranuclear
      "paramyxovirus-like" inclusions may represent an alternation of nuclear chromatin
      common to antemortem degeneration and postmortem autolysis in a variety of cells,
      the nature of which remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 178837
TI  - Organization of crustacean neuropil. II. Distribution of synaptic contacts on
      identified motor neurons in lobster stomatogastric ganglion.
AB  - Identified neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion of the lobster were examined
      and reconstructed by serial section electron microscopy. Each motor neuron
      consists of a soma, a primary process leading directly from the soma to the motor
      axon which leaves the ganglion, and a group of secondary processes which branch
      from the primary process and ramify within the neuropil. Synapses are found only
      on small processes in the synaptic neuropil, never on the primary processes or on
      larger secondary processes in the coarse neuropil. Nearly every secondary process
      of every neuron examined makes both pre- and postsynaptic contacts. Hence these
      neurons are not polarized into distinct pre- and postsynaptic regions but have
      both input and output distributed over each of the secondary processes in the
      neuropil. The conncetion between a specific pair of neurons is also distributed
      over several branches of both the pre- and the postsynaptic neurons. The
      restriction of synapses to the more distal portions of the secondary processes
      suggests that no single contact or localized group of contacts can exert an
      overrriding influence on the neuron by virtue of an especially advantageous
      position. The close proximity of input and output on most secondary processes
      suggests that synaptic input may be capable of directly influencing output
      without the intervention of action potentials. The distribution of specific
      synapses over several branches of both pre- and postsynaptic neurons suggests
      that each neuron functions as a whole without differentiation into specialized
      branches.

PMID- 178838
TI  - Evaluation of mithramycin in the treatment of anaplastic gliomas.
AB  - A controlled, prospective, randomized study evaluated the use of mithramycin in
      the treatment of anaplastic glioma compared to a similar group of patients
      receiving best conventional care. From a total of 116 patients in the study, 96
      were within the valid study group. All patients were operated on, had
      histological confirmation of anaplastic glioma, and received radiotherapy at the
      discretion of the principal investigator. Fifty-two patients received mithramycin
      at a dose of 25 mug/kg/day for 21 days, while 44 patients were in the control
      group. There was no significant difference in the median survival from time of
      randomization in those receiving mithramycin (21 weeks) as compared to those not
      receiving mithramycin (26 weeks). There was no significant difference between the
      two groups in relation to age distribution, sex, location, diagnosis, tumor
      characteristics, signs or symptoms, or radiotherapy received. Duration of
      symptoms correlates positively with survival and was also significantly longer in
      the control group than in the treated group. This, however, did not account for
      the failure of mithramycin to be found an effective agent. Although the study was
      not designed to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy, patients who were so
      treated had a significant improvement in survival. The toxic complications of
      mithramycin included gastrointestinal symptoms, dermatological involvement,
      anemia, and liver dysfunction, indicating the need for close supervision.

PMID- 178839
TI  - Letter: Effect of collagenase on monkey intervertebral discs.

PMID- 178840
TI  - Unusual bone-scan findings in acute osteomyelitis: case report.
AB  - In osteomyelitis, bone-scan findings precede the appearance of bone changes on
      radiographs. In cases where focal ischemia occurs, the earliest scan finding may
      be a "cold" area that later becomes "hot" as active periostitis develops.

PMID- 178841
TI  - Gallium-67  uptake by a malignant fibrous histiocytoma: case report.
AB  - Avid 67Ga-citrate uptake was observed in a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the
      mediastinum. The realtionships of the tumor to the heart and liver was shown by
      99mTc-sulfur colloid liver-spleen scanning and 99mTc-pertechnetate angiography
      performed in conjunction with a 67Ga-citrate whole-body scan. This is the first
      report of 67Ga-citrate uptake by this unusual tumor.

PMID- 178842
TI  - Mechanism of localization of 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate and tetracycline in
      infarcted myocardium.
AB  - The gross and subcellular localizations of 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate and
      tetracycline in myocardial infarcts were studied in a rabbit model. Experiments
      utilizing double-nuclide labeling were carried out using a useful mapping
      technique. Concentration of the various chelates decreases in an expected manner
      from the center of the infarcted area toward its periphery, but it is higher near
      the epicardial surface than toward the endocardium. Technetium-99m-pyrophosphate
      is concentrated in the same infarcted areas as 45Ca ion or 32P-pyrophosphate, but
      to a much greater degree. The uptake is dependent on both the degree of necrosis
      and residual blood flow. Gel filtration experiments with rabbit serum indicate
      that 99mTc-tagged pyrophosphate, tetracycline, and diphosphonate are mainly
      protein-bound, whereas 32P-pyrophosphate is not. Subcellular localization studies
      show that 99mTc-tetracycline and 99mTc-pyrophosphate are bound primarily to
      soluble protein, and only a small fraction is associated with nuclei,
      mitochondria, and microsomes. The uptake of technetium chelates in myocardial
      infarcts may be due to the formation of polynuclear complexes with denatured
      macromolecules rather than to the deposition of calcium in mitochrondria.

PMID- 178843
TI  - Biological activity of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in chicks and rats.
AB  - The ability of 24R, 25- and 24S, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to stimulate
      intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization in chicks was
      measured. Enhancement of intestinal calcium transport by 325 or 130 nmoles of
      either compound was maximal by 24 hours. The effects of these compounds on bone
      calcium mobilization were also maximal by 24 to 36 hours. When lower doses were
      tested, 2 nmoles of the 24R, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol significantly stimulated
      intestinal calcium transport, whereas 130 nmoles of the S isomer were required
      for a significant response. Neither steroid had a significant effect on bone
      calcium mobilization when doses of less than 130 nmoles were given. When chicks
      received orally 32.5, 325 or 1,625 pmoles of 24R, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
      daily from hatching for 4 weeks, several parameters showed a dose-related
      response. These included growth, serum calcium, bone ash, renal 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase and intestinal vitamin D-dependent calcium
      binding protein. Rats given 32.5 to 1,625 pmoles of 24R, 25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol for 3 or 6 weeks were equivalent to vitamin D-treated
      controls in terms of growth and serum calcium levels. It is concluded that within
      the lower dose ranges (2 to 30 pmoles) the R isomer of 24,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol is more active in stimulating intestinal calcium
      transport than the S isomer but that neither compound increases bone calcium
      mobilization at these dose levels. Also, the rat is more responsive in terms of
      growth and serum calcium, to small dialy doses of 24R, 25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol than is the chick.

PMID- 178844
TI  - Effects of fluoride and ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate on bone metabolism in
      the growing chick.
AB  - White Leghorn cockerols were fed a semipurified diet (containing fluoride at 0 to
      800 ppm) from the day of hatching. The birds were also injected daily with
      solutions containing ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) at concentrations
      ranging from 5 to 20 mg as phosphorus/kg of body weight or isotonic saline.
      Changes in bone mineral composition and plasma Ca, Mg and F were determined as
      well as alterations in bone pyrophosphatase and the amounts of bone cyclic-3',5'
      adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Since dietary fluoride in high amounts is known
      to stimulate new bone formation, the purpose of the study was to assess whether a
      potent inhibitor of mineralization, such as EHDP, might alter the response to
      high dietary fluoride. Although bone fluoride and magnesium were increased in
      relationship to dietary fluoride, the administration of EHDP had little effect on
      these changes at low to moderate levels of fluoride. The levels of soluble bone
      pyrophosphatase were not greatly influenced by changes in dietary fluoride.
      Administration of EHDP at 20 mg P/kg, however, typically decreased the levels of
      bone pyrophosphatase. Bone cAMP did not appear to be influenced by either dietary
      fluoride or EHDP. Using tissue culture techniques, the effects of fluoride on
      calcium uptake and release from embryonic chick bone were also studied. The
      presence of 1 mM fluoride in the medium appeared to stimulate calcium uptake and
      reduced calcium release from chick bone. In general, the results were in keeping
      with previous suggestions that the major effect of fluoride on bone is the
      formation of fluoroapatite and subsequent effects this may have on other
      metabolic alterations.

PMID- 178845
TI  - Binding of 7-dehydrocholesterol to sterol carrier protein and vitamin D3 effect.
AB  - It was confirmed that delta 5,7-sterol delta 7-reductase activity was suppressed
      by cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in the enzyme system consisted of microsomes and
      sterol carrier protein (SCP). The enzyme activity was significantly decreased in
      the combination with microsomes obtained from either vitamin D-deficient or
      vitamin D3-treated rat liver and with SCP obtained from vitamin D3-treated rat.
      It was also demonstrated by the binding assay of the dextran-charcoal technique
      that 7-dehydrocholesterol binding to SCP could be specifically displaced by
      vitamin D3. The inhibition of cholecalciferol on 7-dehydrocholesterol binding to
      liver SCP was confirmed to be non-competitive inhibition.

PMID- 178846
TI  - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of vitamins D and related compounds.
AB  - 1. The natural abundance carbon-13 nmr of vitamins D (D2 and D3) and several
      isomers (5, 6-trans-vitamin D2, isotachysterol2 and isovitamin D2)  have been
      completely assigned by employing off-resonance noise-decoupling, acetylation
      shifts, and lanthanide-induced shifts experiments. The last two techniques were
      especially useful for the present study. 2. Carbon-13 nmr spectral
      characteristics of the three main conjugated triene moieties (SE-Z-SZ, SE-E-SZ,
      or SE-E-SE), involved in the molecules of vitamin D and its isomers, were
      revealed. Thus, the striking dependence of the shieldings on molecular geometries
      and high sensitivity of the resonances to the environments of conjugated systems
      were surveyed. 3. Conformational preferences in solutions of the hydroxyl groups
      in vitamins D2 and D3 as well as 5, 6-trans-vitamin D2 were conveniently
      determined.

PMID- 178848
TI  - Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy following nephrectomy and radiation therapy for
      right-sided Wilms tumor.

PMID- 178847
TI  - Quantitative studies on cell-mediated immunity in the pleural cavity of guinea
      pigs.
AB  - Intrapleural injection of PPD into CFA-sensitised guinea-pigs produced a reaction
      having many of the characteristics of classical delayed hypersensitivity.
      Quantitative investigations of the time course of this reaction showed that it
      was typified by an initial delay in the onset of increased vascular permeability,
      which reached its peak between 12 and 18 hr. The cellular response in the pleural
      cavity followed a similar pattern, attaining maximum levels between 18 and 24 hr.
      Mononuclear cells dominated the reaction from 12 to 48 hr. The histological
      appearance of the lung tissue was also studied. Treatment with Cobra venom
      factor, a complement-depleting agent, failed to modify this reaction. Cyclic AMP
      levels were assayed for both the cellular and cell-free exudates.

PMID- 178849
TI  - Letter: Post-transfusion viral infections in Reye syndrome.

PMID- 178850
TI  - Editorial: Etiology(ies) of infantile obstructive cholangiopathy.

PMID- 178851
TI  - 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol inthe management of rickets associated with
      extrahepatic biliary atresia.
AB  - In children with extrahepatic biliary atresia, impaired hydroxylation and
      defective intestinal absorption of cholecalciferol may lead to a deficiency of
      vitamin D and rickets. The data presented herein demonstrate that in such
      patients serum levels of vitamin D measured as 25-hydroxycalciferol are reduced.
      A moderate therapeutic oral dose of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, by circumventing
      the hepatic conversion of cholecalciferol to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, will
      replete vitamin D stores and maintain the serum concentration of 25
      hydroxycalciferol required to prevent or heal rickets in these patients.

PMID- 178853
TI  - HCG + ACTH stimulation of in vitro dehydroepiandrosterone production in human
      fetal adrenals from precursor cholesterol and delta5-pregnenolone.
AB  - Fetal adrenal glands were obtained from legal abortions in the 14--22 gestational
      weeks. The adrenal cortex was separated from the medulla using a
      micromanipulator. The cortex was homogenized in a glass-teflon homogenizer and
      the microsomal fraction was isolated by centrifugation. Tissue slices were also
      prepared by the method of Deutsch. The microsomal fraction or the slices were
      incubated with (4-14C) pregnenolone or (4-14C) cholesterol in the presence of an
      NADPH regenerating system and oxygen. ACTH or HCG was added. After extraction and
      paperchromatography radioactivity was determined in a scanner. The conversion of
      pregnenolone to 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone was
      increased by ACTH. In the presence of HCG dehydroepiandrosterone production only
      was increased,--and this occurred in slices only. In the microsomal fraction HCG
      was without effect on steroid biogenesis from dehydroepiandrosterone.

PMID- 178852
TI  - Evaluation of a live, attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in infants.
AB  - Respiratory syncytial virus ts-1 is a live attenuated experimental vaccine which
      was administered intranasally to 25 infants 11 to 19 months of age. Clinical
      evaluation was carried out following a controlled, double-blind protocol which
      eliminated observer bias, assessed intercurrent illness, and was designed to
      detect virus transmission. At the low dose of virus of virus used (100 TCID50) 8
      of the 25 recipients were successfully infected with RS virus ts-1 as determined
      by virus shedding or antibody response.

PMID- 178854
TI  - Collagenase: current concepts and relevance to periodontal disease.

PMID- 178855
TI  - Multiple light-evoked conductance changes in the photoreceptors of Hermissenda
      crassicornis.
AB  - 1. Light responses were recorded from the photoreceptors of Hermissenda
      crassicornis. The response to a flash is a complex potential change involving an
      initial depolarization, a hyperpolarization, and a depolarizing tail. None of the
      phases of the response are due to synaptic interactions.2. Polarization of the
      membrane by extrinsic current indicates that three separate conductance changes
      are associated with the response. The initial depolarization and
      hyperpolarization are accompanied by conductance increases and the tail with a
      conductance decrease. The initial depolarization has a positive reversal
      potential and the hyperpolarizing and tail phase have a reversal voltage more
      negative than resting potential.3. The different processes that give rise to the
      conductance changes have similar spectral sensitivities but are affected
      unequally by light adaptation. Strong light adaptation reduced the depolarizing
      phases more than the hyperpolarizing phase, so that following an adapting
      stimulus the cell responded to illumination with a pure hyperpolarization
      (isolated hyperpolarization).4. Removal of external Na(+) ions greatly reduced
      the initial depolarization. In Na(+)-free sea water the cell responds to dim
      flashes with a slow depolarization (isolated tail) that involves a conductance
      decrease, and has the same reversal potential as the hyperpolarizing response
      recorded from light adapted cells.5. The amplitude of the isolated
      hyperpolarization and tail varied inversely with the external K(+)
      concentration.6. It is concluded that in Hermissenda photoreceptors light
      initiates processes that result in three distinct permeability changes. Following
      a brief flash there is: a rapid and transient increase in Na(+) permeability that
      is responsible for the initial depolarization, a less rapid increase in K(+)
      permeability that is responsible for the hyperpolarizing phase, and a delayed
      decrease in K(+) permeability that gives rise to the depolarizing tail.

PMID- 178857
TI  - A contract for co-therapists in group psychotherapy.
AB  - In summary, the relationship between two therapists who choose to conduct a group
      utilizing the co-therapy model is extremely important. Co-therapy is truly a
      collaborative effort. It is built on mutual respect and caring. It takes two
      mature individuals who are willing to work as a team and share in the
      responsibility for the group. Ten points to consider for a co-therapy contract
      agreement were proposed to assist in the development of this relationship. If two
      therapists are able to work together effectively the rewards are endless for both
      clients and therapists.

PMID- 178856
TI  - An in Vitro system for studying insulin release caused by secretory granules
      plasma membrane interaction: definition of the system.
AB  - 1. An in vitro system is described in which insulin beta-granule-plasma membrane
      interaction can be studied. 2. The system shows an absolute requirement for
      physiological amounts of Ca2+ (2 muM) in order for insulin release to proceed. 3.
      ATP (5 muM) is abot to augment the Ca2+ effect. 4. Glucose (17 mM) alone does not
      cause insulin release but in the presence of Ca2+ is as effective as ATP. 5. When
      glucose, ATP and Ca2+ are added together a positive cooperative effect is
      produced with over 85% of the total insulin, added in the form of beta-granules,
      being released into the medium in 10 min. 6. The system responds to tolbutamide,
      in the presence of Ca2+ and ATP, by releasing insulin. 7. Diazoxide, a potent
      insulin inhibitor in vivo, demonstrates a similar activity in vitro. 8. Various
      control experiments utilizing alternative membranes, granules, nucleotides,
      sugars and phosphorylated intermediates of metabolism have all reinforced the
      specificity of the release mechanisms. 9. These results demonstrate that the in
      vitro system mimics responses found in the intact organism and can be utilized to
      dissect the mechanisms associated with exocytosis of insulin granules. 10.
      Preliminary experiments utilizing adrenaline granules-adrenal plasma membranes
      and pituitary granules-pituitary plasma membranes suggest that the in vitro
      system can be extended to all granule secreting processes.

PMID- 178858
TI  - Mental health consultation with public health nurses, using transactional
      analysis as a tool.

PMID- 178859
TI  - A simple approach to interrater agreement.
AB  - We have described a simple method for computing a measure of interrater agreement
      or reliability. This method depends on an experimental design that uses a
      consensus rating as well as individual ratings. The computations required are
      counting and percentages; the overall agreement index uses a simple weighting
      average.

PMID- 178860
TI  - Psychological testing referrals: a guide for psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses,
      physicians in general practice and allied health personnel.

PMID- 178861
TI  - Nothing to hide.

PMID- 178862
TI  - Social class assessments: implied cause, effect, solutions and a need for
      caution.

PMID- 178863
TI  - Barriers to sample access in a family study.

PMID- 178864
TI  - Regulation by FSH and dibutyryl cyclic AMP of the formation of androgen-binding
      protein in Sertoli cell-enriched cultures.
AB  - Sertoli cell-enriched preparations from testes of 20-day-old rats were cultured
      in a defined medium in the presence and absence of FSH or dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      (dcAMP). Androgen-binding activity was assayed in the culture medium, and related
      to testicular androgen-binding protein (ABP). The production and secretion of ABP
      by the Sertoli cell-enriched preparation was increased after FSH or dcAMP
      treatment of the primary culture. It is concluded that ABP is produced by Sertoli
      cells. The possibility of involvement of other cell types in the testis in ABP
      production is discussed.

PMID- 178865
TI  - Maturation in vitro of oocytes recovered from prepubertal rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 178866
TI  - Effect of ethane 1,2-dimethane sulphonate on the cyclic AMP response in rat
      testis to stimulation by HCG.

PMID- 178867
TI  - Fetal metabolism and fetal growth.

PMID- 178869
TI  - Investigations on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase in ram semen
      and initial characterization of a sperm-specific isoenzyme.
AB  - Phosphodiesterase is shown to occur in ram semen, and its activity to be higher
      in spermatozoa than in seminal plasma. Using similar substrate levels, the rate
      at which adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is metabolized by
      phosphodiesterase in spermatozoa is about 100 times higher than that of cyclic
      AMP synthesis by adenylate cyclase. In spermatozoa, phosphodiesterase is present
      partly in a soluble form, and partly bound; both forms can be extracted by
      sonication. The soluble enzyme (pH optimum 8-0, Km = 1-5 muM, mol. wt 165,000)
      occurs as a single isoenzyme, as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      anion-exchange chromatography; this isoenzyme appears to be specific for
      spermatozoa and its formation in the testis coincides with the appearance of
      spermatozoa. The bound sperm enzyme has been solubilized with Trion X-100; it is
      a single isoenzyme (pH optimum 8-0, mol. wt 165,000) which is electrophoretically
      different from the soluble form, but similar to the phosphodiesterase found in
      other tissues. Seminal plasma phosphodiesterase (pH optimum 8-8, mol. wt 165,000)
      is present in the form of three isoenzymes; all three are different from the two
      forms of sperm phosphodiesterase, but are similar to the isoenzymes found in
      certain male accessory organs.

PMID- 178868
TI  - Reversible inhibition of the motility of human spermatozoa by tetraphenylboron.
AB  - The motility of washed suspensions of human spermatozoa was completely inhibited
      by tetraphenylboron at concentrations that had little effect on sperm energy
      metabolism. The inhibition of motility was reversed by quaternary ammonium salts,
      albumin, caffeine, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and potassium ions. The addition of
      ouabain to cells redndered immotile by tetraphenylboron prevented reinitiation of
      motility by potassium but not by the other compounds. These observations,
      together with the effect of tetraphenylboron on the fluorescence of sperm
      suspensions treated with 1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulphonic acid, suggest that the
      binding of tetraphenylboron to sites on the sperm plasma membrane is involved in
      the inhibition of sperm motility and the cyclic AMP may be involved in the
      regulation of ion transport across the plasma membrane.

PMID- 178871
TI  - Reactions of 2-acyloxyisobutyryl halides with nucleosides. 6. Synthesis and
      biological evaluation of some 3'-acyl derivatives of 2,2'-anhydro-1-(beta-D
      arabinofuranosyl)cytosine hydrochloride.
AB  - The reactions of cytidine with 22 different 2-O-acyloxyisobutyril chlorides lead
      to the isolation of the corresponding 2,2'-anhydro-1-(3'-O-acyl-beta-d
      arabinofuranosyl)cytosine hydrochlorides 9. These compounds, which all show
      cytotoxicity against HeLa cells in tissue culture, have been examined for
      antiviral and antileukemic activity. Activity against DNA viruses (vaccinia and
      Herpes) in tissue culture is maximal in compounds containing acyl groups with 8-
      12 carbon atoms. Activity against L1210 leukemia in mice varies markedly
      according to the length of the acyl groups, and high activities were observed in
      the case of long-chain (C16--C22) esters. The reaction between cytidine and O
      acetylsalicyloyl chloride provides an alternate route for the synthesis of 3'-O
      Ac cycloC hydrochloride.

PMID- 178870
TI  - Synthesis and biological studies of 3-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,3,-dihydro-6H-1,3
      oxazine-2,6-dione, a new pyrimidine nucleoside analog related to uridine.
AB  - Reaction of the trimethylsilyl derivative of 2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione
      (2, "uracil anhydride") with protected 1-O-acetylribofuranoses in the presence of
      stannic chloride gave the corresponding block nucleosides. 3-(2,3-5-Tri-O
      2',2',2'-trichloroethoxycarbonyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine
      2,6-dione (4c) thus prepared from the protected sugar 3c, 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O
      (2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl)ribofuranose, gave, on removal of the protecting
      groups with zinc dust,3-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2,3-dihydro-6H-1,3-oxazine-2,6
      dione (1). The structure of 1 was confirmed by uv, ir, NMR, and CD spectral data
      and was shown to be an N nucleoside. Uracil anhydride, 2, and, to a lesser
      extent, its ribonucleoside 1 exert a moderate growth inhibition of mouse leukemia
      L5178Y, HeLa, and Novikoff hepatoma cells i- culture. Both compounds produce weak
      inhibition of vaccinia viral replication in HeLa cells.

PMID- 178872
TI  - Reactions of 2-acyloxyisobutyryl halides with nucleosides. 7. Synthesis and
      biological evaluation of some 2,2'-anhydro-1(3',5'-di-O-acyl-beta-D
      arabinofuranosyl)cytosine hydrochlorides.
AB  - The direct acylation of 2,2'-anhydro-1(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine
      hydrochloride (cycloC) with a homologous series of saturated and unsaturated acyl
      chlorides in dimethylacetamide has been investigated. Such acylation reactions
      have made available a considerable number of 3',5'-diesters of cycloC that have
      been examined for biological activities. The compounds all show cytotoxicity
      against HeLa cells in tissue culture, and with the exception of the highly
      insoluble long-chain diesters (C16--C22), show pronounced activity against
      vaccinia and Herpes simplex viruses. Against L1210 leukemia in mice the compounds
      show varied activities, the C12--C14 saturated diesters and the C18--C22
      unsaturated diesters being highly effective. Other diesters, varying by only a
      few methylene groups, show dramatically different results.

PMID- 178873
TI  - Reactions of 2-acyloxyisobutyryl halides with nucleosides. Synthesis and
      biological evaluation of some 3"-acyl and 3',5'-diacyl derivatives of 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine.
AB  - Previous papers in this series have described efficient syntheses of 3'-O-acyl
      and 3',5'-di-O-acyl and 3',5'-di-O-acyl derivatives of 2,2'-anhydro-1-(beta-D
      arabinofuranosyl)cytosine hydrochloride (1,3). It has now been shown that the
      2,2'-anhydro linkage in 1 and 3 can be selectively and efficiently cleaved by
      treatment with a mixture of pyridine and methanol giving the corresponding 3'-O
      acyl derivatives of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (2,4). The selective
      hydrolysis of the more soluble derivatives can also be achieved using either
      aqueous pyridine or a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in
      aqueous dioxane. Using the above procedures 3'-O-acyl araCs and 3',5'-di-O-acyl
      araCs with saturated or unsaturated ester groups containg from 2 to 22 carbon
      atoms have been prepared, and these substances have been evaluated for
      cytotoxicity and antiviral activity in tissue culture and for antitumor activity
      these substances have been evaluated for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity in
      tissue culture and for antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia in mice. Many of
      the compounds show high anti-L1210 activity relative to araC itself.

PMID- 178874
TI  - Age-related bone change.

PMID- 178875
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase at 2-4 A
      resolution.

PMID- 178876
TI  - Statistical analysis of residue variability in cytochrome c.

PMID- 178877
TI  - Substitution of serine caused by a recessive lethal suppressor in yeast.

PMID- 178878
TI  - Covalently closed circular duplex DNA of Epstein-Barr virus in a human lymphoid
      cell line.

PMID- 178879
TI  - An hypothetical structure for an intermolecular electron transfer complex of
      cytochromes c and b5.

PMID- 178880
TI  - Assembly of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein and matrix protein into HeLa
      cell plasma membranes.

PMID- 178881
TI  - A comparison of the metabolic effects of bovine growth hormone and growth factor
      from Spirometra mansonoides on rat liver in vivo.
AB  - The effects of bovine growth hormone(GH) and Spirometra growth factor (SGF) on
      the in vivo concentrationions of glycolytic and citricacid (TCA) cycle
      intermediates in rat liver were investigated.  The effects of these agents on the
      mitochondrial and cytoplasmic redox states, liver phosphorylation states, and
      adenylate kinase activity were also evaluated.  The effects of SGF were studied
      in both normal and hypophysectomized rats,wheras GH effects ere examined only in
      hypophysectomized rats.  Growth homrone(0.25mg/rat) was injected dayily for 9
      days...

PMID- 178882
TI  - An adrenergic mechanism for visual neuroregulation.
AB  - Studies of the diffuse electroretinogram (ERG) and evoked reponses in the optic
      lobe in the baby chick have shown that epinephrine produces changes in both.
      Epinephrine produces enhancement of the a-wave and depression of the b- and d
      waves in both intact and isolated eyes. In the optic lobe it produces enhancement
      of both components of the evoked response. The presence of epinephrine in the
      vertebrate retina and the optic lobe of chicks suggests that these changes may
      reflect the involvement of epinephrine in synaptic transmission.

PMID- 178883
TI  - Neurochemical changes in the cat's spinal cord due to orthodromic tetanic
      stimuli. I: phospholipids.
AB  - Posttetanic potentiation of monosynaptic reflexes has been used as a paradigm for
      neuronal plasticity. The explanation for this phenomenon is an increased
      responsiveness of the synaptic junctions. This would basically require chemical
      changes of the nervous structures involved. The ventral horn area of the spinal
      cord was therefore analyzed neurochemically. The determination of the
      phospholipids revealed an alteration of their composition. Sphingomyelin,
      phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositide/serine behaved differently, whereas
      phosphatidylethanolamine and the total phospholipid content remained unchanged.

PMID- 178884
TI  - [Oscillospira guillermondii, a rumen bacteria: ultrastructural study of the
      trichome and of sporulation].

PMID- 178885
TI  - Synethesis and integration of viral DNA in chicken cells at different time after
      infection with various multiplicities of avian oncornavirus.
AB  - To see if integration of the provirus resulting from RNA tumor virus infection is
      limited to specific sites in the cell DNA, the variation in the number of copies
      of virus-specific DNA produced and integrated in chicken embryo fibroblasts after
      RAV-2 infection with different multiplicities has been determined at short times,
      long times, and several transfers after infection. The number of copies of viral
      DNA in cells was determined by initial hybridization kinetics of single-stranded
      viral complementary DNA with a moderate excess of cell DNA. The approach took
      into account the different sizes of cell DNA and complementary DNA in the
      hybridization mixture. It was found that uninfected chicken embryo fibroblasts
      have approximately seven copies, part haploid genome of DNA sequences homologous
      to part of the Rous-association virus 2 (RAV-2) genome. Infection with RAV-2 adds
      additional copies, and different sequences, of RAV -2- specific DNA. By 13 h
      postinfection, there are 3 to 10 additional copies per haploid genome. This
      number can not be increased by increasing the multiplicity of infection, and
      stays relatively constant up to 20 h postinfection, when some of the additional
      viral DNA is integrated. Between 20 and 40 h postinfection, the cells accumulated
      up to 100 copies per haploid genome of viral DNA. Most of these are unintegrated.
      This number decreases with cell transfer, until cells are left with one to three
      copies of additional viral DNA sequences per haploid genome, of which most are
      integrated. The finding that viral infection causes the permanent addition of one
      to three copies of integrated viral DNA, despite the cells being confronted with
      up to 100 copies per haploid genome after infection, is consistent with a
      hypothesis that chicken cells contain a limited number of specific integration
      sites for the oncornavirus genome.

PMID- 178886
TI  - RNA metabolism of murine leukemia virus. III. Identification and quantitation of
      endogenous virus-specific mRNA in the uninfected BALB/c cell line JLS-V9.
AB  - mRNA containing type C endogenous virus-specific sequences was indentified in JLS
      V9 cells (an uninfected BALB/c-derived cell line) by annealing extracted RNA with
      3H-labeled virus-specific DNA. The criterion for virus-specific RNA being mRNA
      was that it co-sedimented with polyribosomes in a sucrose gradient and that it
      changed to lower sedimentation value if polyribosomes were disagregated prior to
      centrifugation. It was not possible to identify virus-specific mRNA in
      unfractionated cytoplasm from JLS-V9 cells since large amounts of virus-specific
      ribonucleoprotein which was not mRNA had sedimentation values similar to
      polyribosomes and obscured the analysis. Virus-specific mRNA could be readily
      identified in polyribosomes which had been purified through a step gradient of 1
      and 2 M sucrose, and consisted of two species with sedimentation values of 38S
      and 27S. The amount of virus-specific RNA in different JLS-V9 cell fractions was
      quantitated in comparison to cell fractions obtained from M-MuLV clone no. 1
      cells (a line of NIH 3T3 cells producing Moloney murine leukemia virus).
      Approximately 40% of the total virus-specific mRNA was recovered in the purified
      polyribosomes in M-MuLV no. 1 cells. The amount of virus-specific RNA on
      polyribosomes appeared to be quite similar for JLS-V9 cells and M-MuLV clone no.1
      cells . In contrast, the level of virus-specific protein in JLS-V9 cells (as
      monitored by radioimmunoassay of the internal structural protein p30) was less
      than 2% the level in the M-MuLV clone no. 1 cells.

PMID- 178887
TI  - State of the viral DNA in rat cells transformed by polyoma virus. I. Virus rescue
      and the presence of nonintergrated viral DNA molecules.
AB  - The interaction of polyoma virus with a continuous line of rat cells was studied.
      Infection of these cells with polyoma did not cause virus multiplication but
      induced transformation. Transformed cells did not produce infectious virus, but
      in all clones tested virus was rescuable upon fusion with permissive mouse cells.
      Transformed rat cells contained, in addition to integrated viral genomes, 20 to
      50 copies of nonintegrated viral DNA equivalents per cell (average). "Free" viral
      DNA molecules were also found in cells transformed by the ts-a and ts-8 polyoma
      mutants and kept at 33 C. This was not due to a virus carrier state, since the
      number of nonintegrated viral DNA molecules was found to be unchanged when cells
      were grown in the presence of antipolyoma serum. Recloning of the transformed
      cell lines produced subclones, which also contained free viral DNA. Most of these
      molecules were supercoiled and were found in the muclei of the transformed cells.
      The nonintegrated viral DNA is infectious. Its specifici infectivity is, however,
      about 100-fold lower than that of polyoma DNA extracted from productively
      infected cells, suggesting that these molecules contain a large proportion of
      defectives.

PMID- 178888
TI  - Intracellular distribution and sedimentation properties of virus-specific RNA in
      two clones of BHK cells transformed by polyoma virus.
AB  - The virus-specific RNA in two independently derived clones of polyoma virus
      transformed hamster cells was studied by hybridizing labeled RNA, with excess
      purified polyoma DNA, immoblized on filters. In one clone (PyBHK1), less than 25%
      of the total labeled virus-specific RNA was found in the cytoplasm, irrespective
      of the labeling time. In the other clone (PyBHK2), it was estimated that 39% of
      the total virus-specific RNA was present inthe cytoplasm after labeling for 3 h.
      Both the proportion of radioactive label incorporated into virus-specific RNA and
      the sedimentation pattern of total virus-specific RNA differed markedly between
      PyBHK and PyBHK2. Most of the virus-specific RNA of PyBHK1 sedimented in the
      range 25S-35S, whereas a prominent 18S component was present in PyBHK2. Most of
      the cytoplasmic virus-specific RNA in both clones sedimented at 18S-19S. The
      sedimentation patterns of virus-specific RNA from whole cells and from washed
      nuclei of PyBHK1 were closely similar: it was estimated from sedimentation
      analysis in dimethyl sulfoxide that the molecular weight of 50% of this RNA was
      within the range 1.1 X10(6) to 2.9 X 10(6). These results, demonstrating the
      accumulation of virus-specific RNA within the nucleus in at least one virus
      transformed cell line, indicate that the large virus-specific RNA previously
      described in the nuclei of transformed cells may not have represented precursors
      of virus-specific mRNA.

PMID- 178889
TI  - Inherited resistance to N- and B-tropic murine leukemia viruses in vitro:
      titration patterns in strains SIM and SIM.R congenic at the Fv-1 locus.
AB  - We have investigated the titration patterns of murine leukemia viruses on mouse
      embryo cultures derived from a pair of congenic strains differing at the Fv-1
      locus. XC plaque and infectious center assays carried out with N- and B-tropic
      viruses on both SIM (Fv-1nn) and SIM.R(Fv-1bb) host cells yielded results that
      were best approximated by Poisson one-hit curves. Titration curves of N-tropic
      virus by direct XC plaque assay were linear and parallel on the different hosts,
      with titers 1.8 to 2.7 log10 lower on SIM.R and on (SIM X SIM.R)F1 than on SIM
      cells; similar linear and parallel curves were found for B-tropic virus, with
      titers 1.4 to 2.0 log10 lower on SIM and (SIM XSIM-R)F1 than on SIM-R cells. In
      the infectious center assays, the proportion of infected cells was linearly
      related to multiplicity of infection on both permissive (N- on SIM and B- on
      SIM.R) restrictive (B- on SIM and N- on SIM.R) genotypes at multiplicities of
      infection below 0.5; the line relating the variables was about 1 log10 lower in
      the restrictive than in the permissive situations. At multiplicities of infection
      where the proportion of infected cells reached a plateau, differences between the
      results on permissive and restrictive genotypes were considerably reduced. This
      appeared to be due to the action of non-Fv-1 factors in permissive host. We
      conclude that the major action of the restrictive allele at the Fv-1 locus in
      this system is to reduce the probability of successful murine  leukemia virus
      infection without a change in hitness.

PMID- 178890
TI  - Fractionation of DNA nucleotide transcripts from Moloney sarcoma virus and
      isolation of sarcoma virus-specific complementary DNA.
AB  - Radioactive DNA complementary to nucleotide sequences in Moloney murine sarcoma
      virus (MSV) and Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV) complex was made by the
      endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction. These virus stocks contained a
      threefold excess of MSV over M-MuLV as measured by biological assay. The
      complementary DNA was an accurate copy of the viral RNA in that 86% of 35S viral
      RNA hybridized with complementary (cDNA) DNA at a 1.5 to 1 cDNA-RNA molar ratio.
      The complementary DNA, of a 4-6S size, was fractionated by sequential absorptions
      with MulV and the feline leukemia virus pseudotype of MSV, [MSV(FeLV)] RNA. In
      this manner three sets of nucleotide sequences whichrepresent different portions
      of the MSV viral complex were obtained: a sarcoma virus-specific fraction
      (cDNAsarc) with sequences that had no homology to M-MuLV  RNA but which
      hybridized to MSV (FeLV) RNA, a sarcoma-leukemia fraction (cDNA common) with
      sequences common to MSV as well as M-MuLV viral RNA, and a cDNAleuk representing
      those nucleotide sequences found only in M-MuLV. Hybridization of MSV-MuLV viral
      35S RNA with a threefold molar excess of cDNA's revealed that approximately 20%
      was hybridized with cDNAsarc, whereas approximately 75% was hybridized with
      cDNAcommon. M-MuLV 35S RNA alone did not hybridize with cDNAsarc but did
      hybridize 40 and 50% with cDNAleuk and cDNAcommon, respectively. The cDNAsarc
      represents about 25% of the total MSV sequences, whereas the cDNAcommon
      represents the remainder of the MSV virus genome. Some cDNAcommon sequences were
      shared by two other sarcoma viruses and several distinctly different isolates of
      MulV. In contrast, the MSV "sarc" sequences had little or no homology with two
      other murine sarcoma virus isolates.

PMID- 178892
TI  - Viral glycoprotein synthesis studies in an established line of Japanese quail
      embryo cells infected with the Bryan high-titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - Although a glycoprotein with an approximate molecular weight of 43,000 is
      associated with purified virions of the Bryan high-titer strain of Rous sarcoma
      virus propagated on R(-)Q cells, these virions lack gp85, the major glycoprotein
      of the avian tumor virus envelope. As measured by immune precipitation with a
      specific antiserum, gp85 does not accumulate to detectable levels in R(-)Q cells.

PMID- 178891
TI  - Deletion mapping of moloney type C virus: polypeptide and nucleic acid expression
      in different transforming virus isolates.
AB  - The viral polypeptides and viral RNA present in cells transformed by various
      replication-defective type C viruses derived from Maloney murine leukemia virus
      were examined. Different portions of the Maloney type C viral genome were
      retained in the different transforming viruses, thus providing an opportunity for
      deletion mapping of the Moloney type C genome. DNA transcripts were prepared that
      are complementary to three distinct nonoverlapping portions of the Moloney viral
      geonome. Based on  an anlysis of the polypeptides produced in the different
      transformed cells, one complementary DNA apparently respresents sequences coding
      for Moloney gp70; one complementary DNA represents a region of the Moloney genome
      common to all of the transforming viruses examined, and one complementary DNA
      represents the sequences for p30, p15, p10,12. A partial map of the different
      replication-defective transforming viruses is suggested.

PMID- 178893
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus-specific RNA. I. Analysis of viral RNA in cellular extracts
      and in the polyribosomal fraction of permissive and nonpermissive lymphoblastoid
      cell lines.
AB  - We analyzed the viral RNA in permissive and nonpermissive Epstein-Barr virus
      (EBV) Pinfected lymphoblastoid cell lines by observing the kinetics of
      hybridization of labeled EBV HR-1 DNA with unalabeled RNA extracted from whole
      cells or from the polyribosomal fraction. The data indicate the following. (i)
      RNA, homologous to only 3% of the EBV HR-1 DNA, is present in the polyribosomal
      fraction of the nonpermissive Namalwa  and Kurgans cells, suggesting that the
      function of only a small fraction of the EBV genome is required for the
      expression of the EBV-related intranuclear antigen and to maintain lymphoblastoid
      cells in a transformed state. (ii) In general, the extent of the viral DNA
      sequences transcribed into stable RNA correlates with the extent of phenotypic
      expression of the EBV geonome. RNA extracted from virus-producing HR-1 cells
      contains RNA sequences transcribed from at least 45% of the viral DNA, whereas
      the nonpermissive cell lines contain transcripts homologous to a much smaller
      proportion of the EBV DNA. (iii) Viral RNA sequences found in the polyribosomal
      fraction of HR-1 cells arise from almost the same template as the viral RNA
      sequences in extracts of infractionated HR-1 cells. In contrast, in nonpermissive
      lymphoblastoid cells, less than 30% of the viral RNA species found in whole-cell
      extracts can be identified in the polyribosomal fraction. We interpret these
      observations to indicate that the expression of EBV genetic information is
      regulated in at least two ways: first, by some mechanism that regulates which DNA
      sequences give rise to stable RNA; second, through a mechanism whereby certain
      viral RBA transcripts are selectively excluded from stable association with the
      polyribosomes.

PMID- 178894
TI  - Inhibition of pseudorabies virus replication by vesicular stomicles virus I.
      Activity of infectious and inactivated B particles.
AB  - Infectious B particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) are capable of
      inhibiting the replication of pseudorabies virus (PSR) in a variety of cell
      lines. Even under conditions of an abortive infection in a continuous line of
      rabbit cornea cells (RC-6O), B particles interfere with the replication of PSR
      with high efficiency. Particle per cell dose-response analysis of B particle
      populations revealed that the number of VSV particles capable of inhibiting PSR
      replication exceeds the number of PFU by a factor of 32 to 64. When B particles
      are treated with UV irradiation, a drastic increase in the multiplicity of
      infection is required to inhibit PSR replication. Whereas one infective B
      particles per cell is sufficient to prevent replication of PSR, 800 to 1,000 VSV
      particles rendered noninfective by UV irradiation are required to compensate for
      the loss of VSV synthetic activity that results from irradiation. Temperature
      sensitive mutants representing five complementation groups of VSV were tested at
      low multiplicities of infection for their effect on PSR replication at the
      nonpermissive temperature. Generally, the ability of the different
      complementation groups to amplify virion products at the nonpermissive
      temperature is associated with their ability to inhibit PSR replication. These
      results imply that at low multiplicities of infection, amplification of infecting
      VSV components is necessary for inhibition of PSR replication., but at high
      multiplicities of infection with VSV, a virion component can prevent PSR
      replication in the absence of de novo VSV RNA or protein synthesis.

PMID- 178895
TI  - Inhibition of pseudorabies virus replication by vesicular stomatitis virus. II
      Activity of defective interfering particles.
AB  - Purified defective interfering (DI) particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
      inhibit the replication of a heterologous virus, pseudorabies virus (PSR), in
      hamster (BHK-21) and rabbit (RC-60) cell lines. In contrast to infectious B
      particles of VSV, UV irradiation of DI particles does not reduce their ability to
      inhibit PSR replication. However, UV irradiation progressively reduces the
      ability of DI particles to cause homologous interference with B particle
      replication. Pretreatment with interferon does not affect the ability of DI
      particles to inhibit PSR replication in a rabbit cell line (RC-60) in which RNA,
      but not DNA, viruses are sensitive to the action of interferon. Under similar
      conditions of interferon pretreatment, the inhibition of PSR by B particles is
      blocked. These data suggest that de novo VSV RNA or protein synthesis is not
      required for the inhibition of PSR replication by DI particles. DI particles that
      inhibit PSR replication also inhibit host RNA and protein synthesis in BHK-21 and
      RC-60 cells. Based on the results described and data in the literature, it is
      proposed that the same component of VSV B and DI particles is responsible for
      most, if not all, of the inhibitory activities of VSV, except homologous
      interference.

PMID- 178896
TI  - Differential inhibition of host protein synthesis in L cells infected with RNA -
      temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - The response of mouse L cells to infection with wild-type (wt) and temperature
      sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus was monitored by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to delineate the synthesis of
      host cell and viral proteins. Experiments utilized transcriptase mutants of
      complementation group I (ts114 and ts13), a group IV mutant (ts44) that is
      restricted in total RNA synthesis (RNA-1) but not in primary transcription, and a
      group II mutant (ts52) variably restricted in RNA synthesis (RNA +/-). L cells
      infected with ts mutants at permissive temperature exhibited the wt response of
      progressive inhibition of host cell protein synthesis accompanied by accumulation
      of all five viral proteins. Mutant ts44 (IV) also switched off cell protein
      synthesis at restrictive temperature and accumulated all five viral proteins, but
      with disproportionate ratios of N and G proteins. At restrictive temperature,
      cells infected with group I ts mutants failed to accumulate any viral protein and
      did not exhibit significant reduction in host cell protein synthesis. These data
      suggest that vesicular stomatitis virus inhibits cell protein synthesis at a
      stage of viral infection after transcription and possibly translation but
      preceding replication of progeny viral RNA.

PMID- 178897
TI  - Characterizatiion of rat genetic sequences of Kirsten sarcoma virus: distinct
      class of endogenous rat type C viral sequences.
AB  - The nucleic acid sequences found in DNA and RNA from rat cells which are
      homologous to Kirsten sarcoma virus have been characterized. The homologous
      sequences are present in multiple copies per diploid rat cellular genome in a
      variety of different rat cellular dna's. In certain cells that constitutively
      express only low levels of sequences homologous to Kirsten sarcoma virus,
      bromodeoxyuridine treatment leads to the expression of high levels of these
      sequences in RNA. Supernatants from cell lines producing the sequences homologous
      to Kirsten sarcoma virus contain high levels of these sequences which are
      purified to the same degree as the previously known rat type C viral nucleic acid
      sequences by type C particles being released from such cells. The results
      indicate that the sequences in rat cells homologous to Kisten sarcoma virus have
      three characteristics of known mammalian type C viruses, and suggest that at
      least part of Kirsten sarcoma virus rat-derived sequences represent a distinct
      class of endogenous rat type C virus that has no detectable homology to the other
      known class of endogenous rat type C virus.

PMID- 178898
TI  - Use of alkaline sucrose gradients in a zonal rotor to detect integrated and
      unintegrated avian sarcoma virus-specific DNA in cells.
AB  - We have attempted to distinguish integrated and unintegrated forms of avian
      sarcoma virus-specific DNA in cells by sedimentaton through an alkaline sucrose
      gradient in a slowly reorienting zonal rotor. Results obtained with this
      procedure are similar to those obtained by the more convenient analysis of
      networks of high-molecular-weight cell DNA. Most, if not all, viral DNA appears
      completely integrated into the host cell genome in an avian sarcoma virus
      transformed mammalian cell and in normal chicken cells (in which viral DNA is
      genetically transmitted). Fully transformed duck cells and duck embryo
      fibroblasts infected for 20 to 72 h contain both integrated and unintegrated
      viral DNA; up to one copy per cell is integrated within 20 h after infection, and
      four to eight copies are integrated in fully transformed cells. The amount of
      unintegrated DNA varies but may comprise over 75% of the viral DNA in acutely
      infected cells and from 20 to 70% of the viral  DNA in fully transformed cells.
      The unintegrated DNA in either case consists principally of duplexes with "minus"
      strands the length of a subunit of the viral genome (2.5 X 10(6) to 3 X 10(6)
      daltons) and relatively short "plus" strands (0.5 X 10(6) to 1.0 X 10(6)
      daltons).

PMID- 178899
TI  - Evidence of methylation of B77 avian sarcoma virus genome RNA subunits.
AB  - B77 avian sarcoma virus RNA was labeled with (methyl-3H) methionine under
      conditions that prevent non-methyl incorporation of 3H radioactivity into purine
      rings. From the determined values for the extent of methylation of 4S RNA
      isolated from infected chicken embryo cells, it was estimated that 30 to 40S RNA
      subunits that results from heat denaturation of the 60 to 70S RNA contain
      approximately 21 methyl groups, of which 14 to 16 are present at internal
      positions as N6 -methyladenosine residues. In addition, each of the virion RNA
      subunits appears to contain about two methyl groups in the "capped" 5' -terminal
      structure m7G(5')ppp(5') gm. These properties are consistent with the hypothesis
      that the 30 to 40S genome RNA os oncornaviruses also serves an mRNA function in
      infected cells.

PMID- 178901
TI  - Effects of 2-deoxyglucose, glucosamine, and mannose on cell fusion and the
      glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus.
AB  - 2-Deoxyglucose and glucosamine were found to inhibit cell fusion caused by a
      syncytial mutant of herpes simplex virus and to inhibit the glycosylation of
      viral glycoproteins in the infected cells. The inhibition of fusion and the
      inhibition of glycosylation caused by 2-deoxyglucose were substantially prevented
      when mannose was also present during infection. When glycosylation was inhibited,
      three new bands were found in major glycoprotein region on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels. These bands may be precursors to the normal glycoproteins.
      The correlation between fusion and glycosylation in the presence of 2
      deoxyglucose, glucosamine, and mannose suggests that the cells cannot fuse if
      their glycoproteins have a considerably reduced carbohydrate content.

PMID- 178900
TI  - RNA- temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus: L-protein
      thermosensitivity accounts for transcriptase restriction of group I mutants.
AB  - In vitro transcriptase activity of three group I temperature-sensitive (ts)
      mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus restricted at 39 C was restored by L
      protein fractions derived from wild-type (wt) vesicular stomatitis virion nucleo
      capsids. Soluble NS protein from wt nucleocapsids did not reconstitute restricted
      transcriptions of the group I RNA-ts mutants. NS protein activity, but not L
      protein activity, was purified from the group I ts mutants; this NS fraction
      always displayed the wt phenotype in reconstitution assays. Neither the L nor the
      NS protein was capable of restoring the defective transcriptive activity of the
      group IV vesicular stomatitis virus mutant ts W16B.

PMID- 178902
TI  - Construction and analysis of viable deletion mutants of simian virus 40.
AB  - Viable mutants of simian virus 40 (SV40), with deletions ranging in size from 15
      to 200 base pairs, have been obtained by infecting CV-1P cells with circularly
      permuted linear SV40 DNA. The linear DNA was produced by cleavage of closed
      circular DNA with DNase I in the presence of Mn2+, followed, in some cases, by
      mild digestion with lambda 5'-exonuclease. The SV40 map location and the size of
      each deletion were determined by using the S1 nuclease mapping procedure (Shenk
      et al., 1975) and the change in size of fragments produced by Hind II + III
      endonuclease cleavage. Deletions in at least three regions of the SV40 chromosome
      have slight or no effect on the rate or yield of viral multiplication and on vira
      induced cellular transformation. These regions are located at the following
      coordinates on the SV40 physical map: 0.17 to 0.18; 0.54 to 0.59; and 0.68 to
      0.74.

PMID- 178903
TI  - Simian virus 40-specific polypeptides in AD2+ ND1- and Ad2+ ND4-infected cells.
AB  - A comparison of the proteins synthesized in human cells at late times after
      infection with adenovirus (Ad2) and with the adeno-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid
      viruses revealed polypeptides of 30,000 and 92,000 molecular weight specific for
      the hybrid viruses Ad2+ND1 and Ad2+ND4, respectively. Cell-free translation of
      SV40-specific mRNA, prepared from these cells by hybridization of total
      cytoplasmic RNA to SV40 DNA, showed that the mRNA's specifying these two
      polypeptides were at least partially encoded by the SV40 portion of the hybrid
      viruses. Cell-free translation of SV40-specific mRNA prepared from monkey cells
      infected with SV40 produced polypeptides of 40,000, 43,000, 48,500, and 92,000
      molecular weight. The SV40 and Ad2+ND4 92,000-molecular-weight polypeptides made
      in vitro were very similar in electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels to the polypeptide precipitated by Tegtmeyer (1974) with SV40
      anti-T serum.

PMID- 178904
TI  - Structural difference between the 5' termini of viral and cellular mRNA in
      poliovirus-infected cells: possible basis for the inhibition of host protein
      synthesis.
AB  - Host protein synthesis in poliovirus-infected HeLa cells is interrupted, but the
      host mRNA appears to remain completely intact and unmodified. The average size
      and poly (A) content of host mRNA was previously known to be unchanged (Koschel,
      1974; Leibowitz and Penman, 1971), and this was confirmed. In addition, the 5'
      terminal methylated "cap" structures remained intact, and no further base
      modifications at the level of 1 base in 1,000 could be detected. Poliovirus RNA
      from viruses was previously shown not to have "caps" (Wimmer, 1972), and in this
      work poliovirus RNA from polyribosomes was found to have pUp at its 5' end.
      Since, initiation of protein synthesis is probably the basis for the inhibition
      of cellular protein synthesis in infected cells, the difference in the 5' ends of
      the host cell and viral RNA could be the basis of selective translation of viral
      RNA during infection.

PMID- 178905
TI  - Electron microscope studies of temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex
      virus type 2.
AB  - Nine temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2 representing
      eight complementation groups were assigned to two classes as a consequence of the
      virion forms and virus-specific cellular alterations observed in thin sections of
      mutant-infected human embryonic lung cells grown at the nonpermissive
      temperature. Mutants in class A, one DNA- and one DNA +, failed to synthesize
      detectable virus particles. Mutants in class B, 4DNA- and 3DNA+, produced
      moderate to large numbers of empty nucleocapsids. Dense-cored nucleocapsids were
      not observed in thin sections of cells infected with any of the nine mutants at
      this temperature. Virus-specific cellular alterations consisted primarily of
      margination of chromating and nulcear membrane thickening and duplication.

PMID- 178906
TI  - Proteins of Yaba monkey tumor virus I. Structural proteins.
AB  - Yaba virus proteins were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Electrophoresis of Yaba virion  (proteins) dissociated by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      and 2-mercaptoethanol in continuous and discontinuous buffer systems yielded 37
      polypeptide species by staining and by counting bands of radioactively labeled
      polypeptides. The molecular weights of the viral polypeptide species were found
      to range from 10,000 to 220,000 by comparing the relative distance of migration
      of viral proteins with proteins of known molecular weights. Two polypeptides were
      removed from purified virions by nonionic detergent nonidet P -40 treatment, and
      the amount of one polypeptide was reduced. Purified cores yielded 21 polypeptide
      species, none of which was labeled with radioactive glucosamine.

PMID- 178907
TI  - Nucleic acid renaturation and restriction endonuclease cleavage analyses show
      that the DNAs of a transforming and a nontransforming strain of Epstein-Barr
      virus share approximately 90% of their nucleotide sequences.
AB  - Viral DNA molecules were purified from a nontransforming and  a transforming
      strain of Epstein-Barr virus. Each viral DNA was labeled in vitro and renatured
      in the presence of an excess of either one or the other unlabeled viral DNA. Both
      viral DNAs were also digested with the Eco R1 restriction endonuclease and
      subsequently labeled by using avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase to repair
      either the EcoR1 nuclease-generated single-stranded ends of the DNAs or their
      single-stranded ends produced by a second digestion with exonuclease III after
      the first EcoR1 nuclease digestion. The results of  these experiments support
      three general conclusions: (i) the DNAs of these two strains of Epstein-Barr
      virus share approximately 90% of their nucleotide sequences; (ii) both viral DNA
      populations are reasonably homogenous; and (iii) both DNAs contain repetitions or
      inverted repetitions of some of their nucleotide sequences.

PMID- 178908
TI  - Acceleration of transformation of rat embryo cells by rat type C virus.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley and Fischer rat embryo cells became spontaneously transformed
      about 20 passages after release of endogenous ecotropic type C virus (SD-RaLV and
      F-RaLV). The virus-producing transformed cells showed loss of contact inhibition,
      increased growth rate, and tumorigenicity in vivo. Exogenous infection of other
      Fischer rat embryo cultures in early passage with SD-RaLV and F-RaLV markedly
      accelerated their rates of transformation.

PMID- 178909
TI  - Mechanism of premature polypetide termination in a mouse ascites cell-free system
      programmed by encephalomyocarditis viral RNA.
AB  - The premature termination and release of encephalomyocarditis viral RNA
      programmed polypeptides were analyzed in a cell-free system from mouse ascites
      tumor cells. The KCL concentration affects the size distribution of products but
      not the extent of polypeptide release. The same major products (60,000 to 140,000
      molecular weight) are found in both the soluble and particulate fractions. The
      majority of released polypeptides are free protein, whereas the ribosome-bound
      product is mostly in the form of peptidyl-tRNA.

PMID- 178910
TI  - Restriction endonuclease from Haemophilus gallinarum (HgaI) cleaves polyoma DNA
      at four locations.
AB  - A restriction endonuclease obtained from Haemophilus gallinarum  (hgaI) cleaves
      polyoma DNA at four specific sites. Using the EcoRI, HindIII, and HpaII
      endonuclease restriction sites as reference, the four HgaI cleavage sites were
      mapped at 0.02, 0.14, 0.27, and 0.48 fractional lengths, clockwise, from the
      single EcoRI cleavage site.

PMID- 178911
TI  - Sialylatin of glycoproteins of murine mammary tumor virus, murine leukemia virus,
      and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus.
AB  - Neuraminidase treatment of mouse mammary tumor virus, Rauscher murine leukemia
      virus, and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus resulted in loss of their capacity to
      inhibit hemagglutination of influenza virus. Hemagglutination-inhibition activity
      of these RNA tumor viruses could be restored by in vitro resialylation catalyzed
      by sialyl transferase. The major glycoprotein in the intact envelope of
      desialylated and, to some extent, native virions could be specificallly labeled
      in vitro with CMP-(14C) sialic acid. These studies further characterize the
      individual glycoproteins of mouse mammary tumor virus, Rauscher murine leukemia
      virus, and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus.

PMID- 178912
TI  - Replication of human cytomegalovirus DNA: lack of dependence on cell DNA
      synthesis.
AB  - Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA synthesis was studied in 5-fluorouracil (FU)
      treated and untreated human embryonic lung cells, which differ greatly with
      respect to the number of cells in the culture synthesizing cellular DNA. CMV DNA
      synthesis proceeded at the same rate in FU-treated and in untreated cells. CMV
      infection also reversed the inhibitory effects of FU and activated cellular DNA
      synthesis in some of the cells in the FU-treated culture. Autoradiographic
      studies showed that more than 20% of the cells in the infected FU-treated culture
      synthesized viral DNA when less than 1% had synthesized cellular DNA, indicating
      that the synthesis of viral macromolecules proceeds in cells that do not
      synthesize cellular DNA from the time of infection, and that viral DNA synthesis
      proceeds independently of the host cell DNA synthesis. Combined autoradiographic
      and immunofluorescence studies of both the FU-treated and untreated infected
      cells showed that, whereas 20% of the cells in the cultures synthesize viral DNA
      and viral antigens, only about 3 to 6% of those cells that synthesize cellular
      DNA also synthesize viral antigen. Thus, productive infection was delayed or
      inhibited in those cells that were stimulated by CMV infection to synthesize
      cellular DNA.

PMID- 178913
TI  - Biological properties and viral surface antigens of Burkitt lymphoma- and
      mononucleosis- derived strains of Epstein-Barr virus released from transformed
      marmoset cells.
AB  - Three strains of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), two from Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and one
      from infectious mononucleosis (IM) were used to transform separate cultures of
      the same batch of primary marmoset leukocytes, and the viruses released from the
      transformants were compared. The three viruses shared properties of the
      transforming biotype of EBV, namely, stimulation of DNA synthesis and
      immortalization of cord blood leukocytes, and failure to induce "early antigen"
      in lymphoblast lines. All viruses produced more virus in transformed marmoset
      cells than in transformed human cells, as measured by the number of EBV genomes
      detected by complementary RNA/DNA hybridization, by virus capsid antigen
      expression, or by released virions and biologically active virus. Reference human
      sera and sera from primary EBV infections were used to compare the three virus
      strains in a virus neutralization test based on inhibition of stimulation of DNA
      synthesis. Specimens taken late in convalescence from patients with mononucleosis
      and sera from marmosets experimentally infected with virus from a patient with
      mononucleosis neutralized the homologous virus, as well as the two virus strains
      isolated from patients with BL. This finding indicates that viral antigens that
      elicit neutralizing antibodies are shared among the strains. However, in certain
      sera the neutralizing-antibody titer against one strain was consistently higher
      than against another strain. Furthermore, sera taken early after onset of IM
      contained low levels of neutralizing antibody against IM-derived virus, but
      failed to neutralize BL-derived virus. These latter findings suggest the
      existence of heterogeneity among surface antigens of EBVs. The results emphasize
      the biological and antigenic similarity of EBV isolates from BL and IM and do not
      suggest major subtype variations. It remains to be determined whether antigenic
      diversity such as described or virus genome variation detectable by other means
      is epidemiologically significant.

PMID- 178914
TI  - Preliminary biochemical characterization of the factors(s) responsible for
      herpesvirus-induced exogenous fusion.
AB  - Cell-free extracts prepared from herpes simplex virus-infected BHK-21 cells
      rapidly induced exogenous fusion when incubated with indicator monolayers of
      uninfected BHK-21 cells. Fusion was first observed at 1 h, and peak activity was
      reached by 4 h. Divalent cations were required for activity. Inhibition of
      indicator cell macromolecular synthesis, with metabolic inhibitors, failed to
      prevent formation of cell-free extract-induced polykaryocytes. Removal of virus
      particles from the cell-free extract by velocity sedimentation centrifugation did
      not affect cell-free extract exogenous fusion activity. Studies using molecular
      probes, namely, glycosidases, lectins, and antiserum (directed against either HSV
      envelope or capsid proteins), suggest that the factor(s) responsible for
      herpesvirus fusion is a fucosylated glycoprotein that is not a structural
      component of the virion.

PMID- 178915
TI  - In vitro synthesis of A-particle structual protein by membrane-bound
      polyribosomes.
AB  - On the basis of association with endoplasmic reticulum membranes, poyribosomes
      isolated from mouse myeloma MOPC-104E were separated into two classes, membrane
      bound and free. The membrane-bound and free polyribosomes were then compared for
      their capacity to incorporate [35S]methionine into A-particle proteins in vitro.
      As revealed by a radioimmunological assay method, labeling of A-particle protein
      occurred with the membrane-bound polyribosomes but not with the free
      polyribosomes. Peptide mapping of the immunoprecipitated, in vitro
      [35S]methionine-labeled product confirmed that A-particle protein had been
      synthesized in vitro.

PMID- 178916
TI  - Analysis of cytomegalovirus genomes with restriction endonucleases Hin D III and
      EcoR-1.
AB  - Cleavage of genomes of eleven human, one simian, and one simian-related
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) isolate by the restriction endonucleases HinD III and EcoR
      1 generated reproducible DNA fragments. The size range of CMV DNA fragments as
      estimated by contour length measurements in comparison with simian virus 40 form
      II DNA and by coelectrophoresis with EcoR-1 fragments of herpes simplex virus DNA
      varied between 15 X 10(6) and 0.5 X 10(6) daltons. Comparison of the cleavage
      products of each isolate in 1% agarose slab gels showed extensive comigration of
      fragments among the human CMV isolates. In the HinD III digests, three fragment
      bands comigrated among all human CMV isolates, and six fragments comigrated among
      most, but not all, human CMV isolates. In the EcoR-1 digests, nine fragment bands
      comigrated among all human CMV isolates, and five bands comigrated among most,
      but not all human isolates. Each isolate had a distinctive electrophoretic
      profile with either HinD III or EcoR-1 digests. No two isolates had identical
      HinD III or EcoR-1 patterns although some isolates did share more general pattern
      similarities than others. No clear-cut subgrouping of isolates based on cleavage
      pattern characteristics could be discerned. Comparison of HinD III and EcoR-1
      patterns showed that human isolates differ greatly from nonhuman CMV isolates.
      HinD III and EcoR-1 digests of each isolate contained both major and minor molar
      classes of DNA fragments that ranged from about 1 and multiples of 1 M down to
      about 0.25 M; however, the summed molecular weights for major molar fragments
      resulting from HinD III or EcoR-1 digests of several isolates closely
      approximated the molecular weight of 10(8) of the intact genome.

PMID- 178917
TI  - Characterization of simian cells tranformed by temperature-sensitive mutants of
      simian virus 40.
AB  - Seven lines derived from primary African green monkey kidney cells, which had
      survived lytic infection by wild-type simian virus 40 (SV40) or temperature
      sensitive mutants belonging to the A and B complementation groups, were
      established. These cultures synthesize SV40 tumor (T) antigen constitutively and
      have been passaged more than 60 times in vitro. The cells released small amounts
      of virus even at high passage levels but eventually became negative for the
      spontaneous release of virus. Virus rescued from such "nonproducer" cells by the
      transfection technique exhibited the growth properties of the original inoculum
      virus. Four of the cell lines were tested for the presence of altered growth
      patterns commonly associated with SV40-induced transformation. Although each of
      the cell lines was greater than 99% positive for T antigen, none of the cultures
      could be distinguished from primary or stable lines of normal simian cells on the
      basis of morphology, saturation density in high or low serum concentrations,
      colony formation on plastic or in soft agar, hexose transport, or concanavalin A
      agglutinability. However, the cells could be distinguished from the parental
      green monkey kidney cells by a prolonged life span, the presence of T antigen, a
      resistance to the replication of superinfecting SV40 virus or SV40 viral DNA,
      and, with three of the four lines, an ability to complement the growth of human
      adenovirus type 7. These properties were expressed independent of the temperature
      of incubation. These results indicate that the presence of an immunologically
      reactive SV40 T antigen is not sufficient to ensure induction of phenotypic
      transformation and suggest that a specific interaction between viral and cellular
      genes and/or gene products may be a necessary requirement.

PMID- 178918
TI  - Leukemia virus infection of mammalian cells: effect on two "transformation
      associated" surface properties.
AB  - We demonstrated that the productive infection of three different mammalian cell
      lines with two separate leukemia viruses is sufficient to induce a change in
      surface architecture that may be detected as enhanced agglutinability with two
      different plant lectins. Subsequent transformation of one of these cell lines
      with a chemical carcinogen did not further modify the agglutinability of the cell
      lines. Using a polyoma virus-transformed derivative of one of the parental lines,
      we have demonstrated that the LETS protein (whose absence from the surface
      membrane has been considered a marker of the transformed phenotype) may be
      present in cells displaying the capacity to plate in soft agar.

PMID- 178919
TI  - Collaborative study of temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type
      2.
AB  - Eighteen complementation groups were identified by complementation tests and by
      phenotype from twenty temperature-sensitive mutants isolated independently in
      Glasgow, Scotland, and Houston, Tex.

PMID- 178920
TI  - Production of B-tropic murine leukemia virus by somatic cell hybrids between
      mouse peritoneal macrophages and simian virus 40-transformed human cells.
AB  - Simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed human cells (LN-SV) were fused with BALB/c
      peritoneal macrophages (BALB/c X LN-SV) and with C57BL peritoneal macrophages
      (C57BL X LN-SV) and hybrid clones, all of which had segregated human chromosomes
      and contained the entire complement of mouse chromosomes, were isolated. All 15
      BALB/c X LN-SV hybrid clones were producing varying titers (10 to 10(6) plaque
      forming units/ml) of B-tropic murine leukemia virus, whereas none of the nine
      C57BL X LN-SV hybrid clones was producing detectable ecotropic murine leukemia
      virus.

PMID- 178921
TI  - Trypsin action on the growth of Sendai virus in tissue culture cells. IV.
      Evidence for activation of sendai virus by cleavage of a glycoprotein.
AB  - Results obtained by using a reconstitution technique on the Sendai virus envelope
      confirm that cleavage of one of the envelope glycoproteins (GP2) is prerequisite
      for activation of hemolytic and cell fusion activities of Sendai virus. The
      cleavage of GP2 occurs even when free envelope subunits are directly treated with
      trypsin in the presence of detergent. Trypsin treatment, either of the
      reconstituted particle or of the free envelope subunits but not of the intact
      virion, also causes a cleavage of the largest envelope glycoprotein (GP1),
      suggesting that a site on GP1 sensitive to trypsin becomes exposed during
      solubilization and reconstitution. The latter cleavage, however, is not
      associated with any changes in biological activities.

PMID- 178922
TI  - Enterovirus type 70 virion and intracellular proteins.
AB  - The proteins of purified enterovirus type 70 grown in rhabdomyosarcoma cells and
      the intracellular proteins at 4 to 5 h after infection have been examined by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Virions contained four proteins: P-1 (35,000,
      daltons) P-2 (28,000, daltons) P-3 (27,000, daltons) and P-4 (9,000 daltons).
      Further, addition of ZnCl2 to infected cultures inhibited virus plaque
      development and interfered with post-translational cleavage.

PMID- 178923
TI  - Fluorosugars inhibit biological properties of different enveloped viruses.
AB  - Both 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose were found to be
      potent inhibitors of the synthesis of infectious Semliki forest and fowl plague
      virus in chicken embryo cells and also of pseudorabies virus grown in rabbit
      kidney cells. It was found that the pseudorabies virus-mediated cell fusion and
      the synthesis of functional hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus were blocked. In
      all cases the 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose-caused inhibition was stronger than the
      2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose- or 2-deoxy-D-glucose-mediated blocks. Studies on the
      virus-specified proteins from Semiliki forest virus-infected cells grown in the
      presence of the inhibitors show that the target of the fluorosugar action,
      parallel to the well-studied effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, is the glycoprotein
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 178925
TI  - RNA composition of Junin virus.
AB  - Junin virus grown in BHK-21 cells was labeled with [3H]uridine and highly
      purified by differential and isopycnic centrifugation. The RNAs extracted with
      phenol and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were shown to be
      composed of four large species (33, 28, and 18S) and three small ones (4, 5, and
      5.5S). This pattern was similar to ones already reported for other arenaviruses.
      However, there was a striking difference when the virus labeling was performed in
      the presence of actinomycin D. Labeling of viral rRNA was as much as 60% of the
      levels obtained in the absence of the drug under conditions in which cellular
      rRNA's were inhibited by 95% or more.

PMID- 178924
TI  - Construction of the genetic map of the polyoma genome.
AB  - Seven early mutants, three late mutants, and one plaque morphology mutant of
      polyoma have been mapped by marker rescue using wild-type restriction
      endonuclease fragments. The early mutants map between 1.0 and 26.4 units from the
      Eco RI site, a region previously shown to correspond to the 3'-OH termainal half
      of "early" RNA (Kamen et al., 1974). The late mutants as well as the plaque
      morphology mutant map between 26.6 and 45.4 map units, a region previously shown
      to correspond to the 3'-OH terminal half of "late" RNA (Kamen et al., 1974).
      Analysis of the genotype of rescued virus demonstrated that the modification of
      the mutant DNA during marker rescue was limited to the region of the genome
      covered by the wild-type restriction endonuclease fragment tested.

PMID- 178926
TI  - Mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 conditionally able to transform thymidine
      kinaseless L cells to a tk+ phenotype.
AB  - After nitrous acid mutagenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a mutant,
      1093, was isolated which, during productive infection, induced very low levels of
      thymidine kinase (tk). The mutant virus was found, after UV irradiation, to be
      unable to transform L cells lacking tk (Ltk-) to a tk+ phenotype as
      chararcterized by growth of the cells in a modified HAT-selective medium
      containing 1.6 X 10(-5) M thymidine. Cells transformed by wild-type virus grew
      vigorously under the same conditions. The mutant was able to transform Ltk- cells
      if the medium contained 10(-3) M thymidine. These transformed cells maintained
      their conditional character and would not grow in low concentrations of thymidine
      in selective medium. Therefore, this mutant is conditional on the thymidine
      concentration in the selection medium in its ability to transform Ltk- cells to a
      tk+ phenotype. The conditionally transformed cells could be supertransformed with
      wild-type UV-irradiated HSV-1 to a phenotype which would grow in low-thymidine
      selective medium. The frequency of supertransformation closely approximated the
      frequency of transformation of Ltk- cells by wild-type virus. Supertransformation
      at high frequency could not be effected by mutant 1093 or the tk- mutant B2006.
      These results indicate that the presence of HSV-1 genetic information in HSV-1
      transformed cells does not preclude the acquisition by these cells of at least
      one additional HSV-1 gene, that for tk.

PMID- 178927
TI  - Herpes simplex virus DNA in transformed cells: sequence complexity in five
      hamster cell lines and one derived hamster tumor.
AB  - Analyses of the hybridization kinetics of labeled herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
      DNA with DNA from five hamster cell lines transformed by UV light-irradiated HSV
      2 revealed the following. (i) Viral DNA sequences were detected in all five cell
      lines tested. (ii) None of the cell lines contained the full complement of HSV-2
      DNA. (iii) The amount of viral DNA present in the cells varied in different
      transformed cell lines and ranged from 8 to 32% of the HSV-2 DNA genome in 1 to 3
      copies/cell. (iv) Two parallel passages of the same cell line (333-2-29) differed
      in the amount of viral DNA they contained. We also compared the viral DNA
      sequences present in (i) one transformed cell line (333-8-9) propagated serially
      in culture for 80 passages, (ii) a tumor produced by inoculation of a newborn
      hamster with the 333-8-9 cells, and (iii) a cell line derived from a hamster
      tumor as above and propagated in culture for 32 passages. The results show that
      viral DNA present in the hamster tumor and in the cells derived from the tumor
      had a lower sequence complexity than that present in the original serially
      passaged 333-8-9 cell line.

PMID- 178929
TI  - Processing of mengovirus precursor polypeptides in the presence of zinc ions and
      sulfhydryl compounds.
AB  - The effect of zinc ions on the post-translational cleavage of mengovirus
      polypeptides has been examined. The cleavage of the "A" precursor, which gives
      rise to the capsid proteins, was the most sensitive at concentrations of zinc
      chloride from 0.1 to 1.0 mM. Beta-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol antagonized
      the zinc-promoted inhibtion of clevage. Our results indicate that zinc ions
      interfere with the proper folding of the nascent polypeptide precursor rather
      than inhibit the proteases responsible for the cleavages. Thus, proper folding of
      mengovirus polypeptide "A" appears to be necessary for subsequent processing by
      proteases.

PMID- 178928
TI  - Murine mammary tumor virus: characterization of infection of nonmurine cells.
AB  - Murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) was used to productively infect feline and
      mink cells. MuMTV "proviral" DNA could be detected in the infected cells by
      molecular hybridization using radioactive MuMTV complementary DNA as a probe.
      Kinetic analysis of MuMTV proviral DNA synthesis after infection showed that
      maximum MuMTV DNA synthesis was achieved by 8 h; however, this was followed by a
      decline in detectable proviral DNA and eventual stabilization at a lower level.
      MuMTV synthesis in feline cells was greatly stimulated by the synthetic
      glucocorticoid, dexamehtasone. On the other hand, MuMTV synthesis in mink cells
      was relatively at a much higher level in absence of dexamethasone and the
      stimulation with dexamethasone was not as marked as in the case with infected
      feline cells. Thermal denaturation of hybrids between MuMTV complementary DNA and
      infected mink cell RNA revealed no difference from homologous hybrids.

PMID- 178930
TI  - Rhinovirus multistranded RNA: dependence of the replicative form on the presence
      of actinomycin D.
AB  - The multistranded and double-stranded RNAs synthesized in HeLa cells infected
      with rhinovirus in the presence and in the absence of actinomycin D have been
      characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and hybridization studies.
      The replicative form is only found in infected cells treated with actinomycin D,
      whereas the replicative intermediate is found in both the presence and the
      absence of the drug. The significance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 178931
TI  - Subunit structure of the glycoprotein complex of avian tumor virus.
AB  - Envelope glycoprotein of avian tumor virus is linked by disulfide bonds in a
      structure that we have designated VGP to stand for viral glycoprotein. VGP
      appears to contain one molecule of gp85 and one of gp37. Under nonreducing
      conditions, VGP is the only glycoprotein component that is stable in the presence
      of ionic detergent, although in the presence of nonionic detergent two or more
      VGPs are associated in discrete complexes. The disulfide bonds linking viral
      glycoprotein are formed before release of virus from infected cells.

PMID- 178932
TI  - RNA synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. XII. Sequence
      complexity and properties of RNA differing in extent of adenylation.
AB  - Fractionation of polyadenylated RNA from cells infected with herpes simplex virus
      by affinity chromatography on columns of poly (U) immobilized on glass-fiber
      filters yielded three major classes of RNA-containing poly(A) chains with average
      lengths of 30, 50, and 155 adenylate residues [poly(A)30, poly(A)50, poly(A)155].
      In contrast, nitrocellulose membranes bound predominantly a fraction of RNA
      containing poly(A)155. The distribution of cytoplasmic RNA in the three classes
      was found to be independent of the labeling interval, ranging from 10 min to 6 h.
      Cytoplasmic poly(A) RNA consisted mainly (57 to 68%) of the poly(A)155 class;
      this was also the major class (68%) of polyadenylated RNA found in polyribosomes.
      Nuclear poly(A) RNA consisted largely (42 to 50%) of poly(A)30 class, whereas
      high-molecular-weight nuclear RNA sedimenting at greater than 45S contained
      almost exclusively the poly(A)30 tracts. Hybridization experiments involving
      unlabeled RNA and labeled viral DNA demonstrated the presence of viral RNA
      sequences complementary to approximately 40% of viral DNA in all polyadenylated
      RNA classes. Inasmuch as unfractionated cytoplasmic RNA arises from approximately
      40% of the viral DNA, we conclude that most, if not all, viral RNA species
      present in the cytoplasm are adenylated. In contrast to these results, only a
      fraction of poly(A)155 RNA, complementary to 21% of viral DNA, bound to
      nitrocellulose filters. The selective binding of poly(A)155 sequences to
      nitrocellulose filters might be related to its secondary structure, since
      transcripts homologous to 40% of viral DNA bind to nitrocellulose membranes,
      provided the RNA is denatured prior to filtration. The data suggest that poly(A)
      tracts arise by at least two separate steps. The first involves the appearance of
      poly(A)30 tracts in the high-molecular-weight nuclear transcripts. The second
      involves polyadenylation to ply(A)50 and poly(A)155 RNA classes concomitant with
      processing and transport to the cytoplasm.

PMID- 178933
TI  - Problems in management of primary bilateral germ cell testicular tumors: report
      of 3 cases and review of literature.
AB  - Bilateral primary germ cell tumors are uncommon but not rare in men with primary
      testicular tumors. In our series of 78 cases of germ cell tumors 3 (3.8 per cent)
      were bilateral. In the management of a second neoplasm the same general
      principles apply as those for the first tumor but one must be aware of the
      potential complications of radiotion therapy when the total dose for cure of the
      first and second neoplasms exceeds the tolerance dose of normal tissue and
      therapy must be modified accordingly. Prognosis is not necessarily poor when a
      second primary tumor develops and complications can be reduced to a low level
      with appropriate therapy. Our outline for therapy is presented.

PMID- 178935
TI  - Colocutaneous fistula: an unusual complication of retroperitoneal
      lymphadenectomy.
AB  - The unusual complication of colocutaneous fistula following retroperitoneal
      lymphadenectomy for testis tumor is presented. Etiology, management and
      prevention are emphasized.

PMID- 178934
TI  - Re-exploration for retroperitoneal lymph node metastases from testis tumors.
AB  - Prognosis has been poor for patients with retroperitoneal metastases from non
      seminomatous testis tumors that are initially unresectable and persist after
      chemotherapy and irradiation or those that recur after initial lymphadenectomy.
      Eleven such patients have had re-explorations at our center and are described
      herein. In 4 patients only histologically benign teratoma and/or fibrosis was
      found. Therefore, the presence of a retroperitoneal mass in these circumstances
      does not necessarily mean that malignant tissue was present. The procedure
      provided an accurate diagnosis in all patients and permitted the elimination or
      reduction of subsequent chemotherapy or radiation in 4 patients who had no tumor.
      In addition, 5 of 7 patients with symptoms caused by bulky masses were improved
      and 3 patients with unresectable disease had radiopaque markers placed to
      facilitate subsequent radiotherapy. The operation was often difficult because of
      retroperitoneal adhesions from previous treatment but there was no significant
      morbidity and no mortality. Nine patients have survived from 6 months to 4 years
      and 7 have no evidence of disease. Two patients died of recurrent tumor 2 and 9
      months after re-exploration. A good prognosis was indicated if the mass found at
      re-exploration was completely resectable and contained only histologically benign
      teratoma and/or fibrous tissue. We believe that re-exploration should be
      considered for selected patients with testis tumors who have 1) a retroperitoneal
      mass that appears after initial lymphadenectomy and persists after interval
      chemotherapy or radiation therapy and 2) retroperitoneal metastases that are
      initially unresectable and persist after subsequent chemotherapy or radiation
      therapy.

PMID- 178936
TI  - Letter: Another view of Herpes Simplex Virus type 2.

PMID- 178937
TI  - Letter: Ectopic production of hormones in tumors.

PMID- 178938
TI  - Disseminated herpesvirus infection. Association with primary genital herpes in
      pregnancy.
AB  - A patient with primary herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 genital infection had
      dissemination in the 37th week of her first pregnancy. This was manifested by
      severe hepatitis, pancreatitis, and genital lesions. Temporary improvement
      followed the delivery of a healthy infant by cesarean section. Encephalitis
      became evident on the third postpartum day, and recovery was complicated by
      profound bradycardia, possibly due to viral myocarditis. Vidarabine was
      administered for seven days, and the patient survived with only mild neurologic
      sequellae. To our knowledge, this the fourth reported case of disseminated
      herpesvirus infection in pregnancy and the first due to HSV type 2. Pregnancy
      must be considered as a possible predisposing factor in dissemination of primary
      HSV infection.

PMID- 178940
TI  - Further studies of specificity of antibodies contained in antiserum against
      poliovirus.
AB  - Antigenic components of Mahoney strain (poliovirus type 1) involved in virus
      neutralization reaction were analyzed with mutant Mahoney strains resistant to
      inhibitors in equine serum (inhibitor-resistant mutants) by means of the kinetic
      neutralization test. It was shown that absorption of anti-Mahoney serum with five
      inhibitor-resistant mutants yielded sera with different antibodies, of which
      three had distinct specificities and two specificities possibly partly related to
      one of those three sera. Further, it was found that step wise selection of
      Mahoney variants resistant to one, two, three and four different inhibitors
      resulted in gradual deviation of its antigenic composition from that of the
      original strain. From these results, the possible presence of three or more
      distinct antigenic determinant sites on the surface of Mahoney strain was
      indicated.

PMID- 178939
TI  - [Physiopathology of shock--gas changes during shock].

PMID- 178942
TI  - [Follow-up care and health education of patients with precancerous lesions of the
      uterine cervix].

PMID- 178941
TI  - Acetylation and phosphorylation of chromosomal proteins in dog kidney cells
      infected with infectious canine hepatitis virus.

PMID- 178943
TI  - Effects of mitogens on glucose oxidation by lymphocytes from normal individuals
      and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - The effects of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin a (con A) and endotoxin on
      glucose oxidation by lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients with
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Cll) were demonstrated without using tissue culture
      techniques. PHA and CON A had no effect on glucose-6-14C oxidation, but
      stimulated glucose-1-14C oxidation by normal lmphocytes. This stimulation of
      glucose-1-14C oxidation occurred within 1 hour and could be prevented by
      colchicine. In contrast, endotoxin had no effect on either gucose-I-14C or
      glucose-6-14C oxidation by normal lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from five out of six
      Cll patients showed low basal rate of gucose-1-14C oxidation by the lymphocytes
      of these five patients.

PMID- 178944
TI  - [Ways of drug action on the restorative processes in the myocardium in
      experimental myocardial infarct].
AB  - On a model of experimental myocardial infarction there is demonstrated the
      stimulating effect of inosine (most distinctly) and also of stimulants of the
      nucleic acids synthesis and of retabolil on the formation of the post-infarction
      scar, the processes of compensatory hyperfunction and hypertrophy, all this
      finally speeding up the restoration of the myocardial function as a whole. At the
      root of this research carried out on 276 rabbits there lie histological,
      histochemical, electron microscopic, biochemical, electrographic findings and
      determination of the intracardiac hemodynamics.

PMID- 178946
TI  - [The etiology of epidemic keratoconjunctivities (author's transl)].
AB  - In 93 patients (mostly sporadic cases) with suspected EKC an infection with
      adenoviruses was proved by virological and serological methods in 54 cases. Types
      8, 3, 7, 19, 4, and 14 were found in 38, 6, 5, 3, 1, and 1 cases respectively. 33
      out of 48 patients with clinically typical EKC had an infection with type 8. From
      the patients without adenoviral infection, the absence of which having been
      proved by extensive serological tests, 7 showed a typical EKC. The symptoms
      considered as relatively typical (hyperemia and oedema of the plica and caruncle,
      subepithelial corneal infiltrates) were not confined to patients with adenovirus
      infection; thus they cannot be considered as characteristic for this group of
      viruses. The results indicate the need for a specific diagnosis in cases of
      suspected EKC, which should include virus isolation from conjunctival swabs as
      well as the demonstration of antibody titer rises by various serological tests.
      EKC is to be considered as a clinical and epidemiological rather than as an
      etiological entity.

PMID- 178945
TI  - [Changes in blood lipid content with aging and genetic studies of ischemic heart
      disease].
AB  - Results are presented on the study of lipid metabolism in normal individuals of
      different are groups with reference to the hereditary taintness as to ischaelic
      heart disease, and the results of correlation analysis of the level of some lipid
      indices of the blood of patients with ischaemic heart disease and of their
      relatives. In young normal individuals, whose family history is hereditary
      teinted with ischaemic heart disease, the level of total lipids, cholesterol,
      cholesterol of beta-lipoproteids, beta-lipoproteids and non-estherified fatty
      acids was statistically significantly higher than in the control group. In the
      older age groups, however, this difference becomes insignificant. The blood level
      of cholesterol and beta-lipoproteids is determined by genetic factors to a higher
      degree than the level of total lipids. The introduction of a correction factor
      into the correlation analysis of the above biochemical parameters indicates the
      changes developing with age in the proportional role of the environmental and
      genetic factors in the lipid metabolism disorders, the importance of the
      environmental factors progressively growing.

PMID- 178948
TI  - [Management of slipped epiphyses in renal osteodystrophy (author's transl)].
AB  - Epiphyseal slipping in uraemia differs strikingly from juvenile epiphyseal
      slipping with respect to pathology and therapy. Based on our own experience with
      the treatment of 8 uraemic children with epiphyseal slipping, an effort was made
      to establish the respective indications for conservative and surgical treatment.
      Mechanical stabilization of slipped epiphyses was achieved within a few weeks
      without any surgery and usually without parathyreoidectomy by vitamin D3 alone.
      The initial dose was 10,000 to 30,000 I.U./day, the total curative dose 1.8 to
      5.6 millions I.U. Prolonged immobilization was unnecessary. Rising urinary
      calcium excretion was a valuable indicator of vitamin D intoxication even in
      advanced renal failure. In one case, pronounced metaphyseal deformations (distal
      femur, distal tibia) required surgical correction before the ability to walk
      normally was restored. - The following therapeutical approach is recommended:
      metabolic bone disease must be cured by vitamin D therapy with or without
      parathyreoidectomy. Osteotomy to correct metaphyseal deformities or coxa vara
      epiphysaria never should be performed before metabolic bone disease is healed.

PMID- 178949
TI  - [Symptomatology of diseases caused by C1. perfringens].

PMID- 178947
TI  - [Collagen metabolism and mineralization of uremic bone--aspects of the molecular
      pathology of renal osteodystrophy].
AB  - Importance sequelae of uremia are hormonal changes in calcium homeostasis
      combined with chronic calcium imbalance causing structural alteration and
      functional insufficiency of bone. Morphological findings of the so called renal
      osteodystrophy are osteomalacia, osteitis fibrosa and osteoporosis. Osteitis
      fibrosa and abnormal skeletal metabolism (changes of collagen turnover,
      insufficient maturation of stable bone crystals) impair the mechanical qualities
      of bone. Probably the uremia per se influences the collagen metabolism;
      additional factors such as secondary hyperparathyroidism and deficiency of
      vitamin D3 are discussed.

PMID- 178951
TI  - [Health education - principle item in preventive health care. I].

PMID- 178950
TI  - [Everyone a partner in health services].

PMID- 178953
TI  - [Political parties in the political shaping of opinions and minds].

PMID- 178952
TI  - [Role and role behavior as illustrated by various examples in the hospital].

PMID- 178954
TI  - [Respiratory diseases and early retirement].

PMID- 178955
TI  - [Proper breathing].

PMID- 178957
TI  - [Activation phase in patients following long time artificial respiration].

PMID- 178956
TI  - [Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) (author's transl)].

PMID- 178958
TI  - [Carbon monoxide containing breathing air promotes arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 178959
TI  - Carrier state of antibody and viruses in a mouse breeding colony persistently
      infected with Sendai and mouse hepatitis viruses.
AB  - In a large-scale mouse breeder colony persistently infected with Sendai and mouse
      hepatitis viruses, most adult breeders 8 wk or more of age were shown to have
      antibodies to both viruses when monitored over a periof of 20 mo. Antibody to
      Sendai virus, apparently transmitted from the dam, was detected in 76% and 2% of
      mice aged 3 and 4 wk. respectively, and 64% and 100% of mice aged 6 and 8 wk,
      respectively. By seroconversion of sentinel cage-mates, a Sendai virus-carrier
      state was demonstrated with 6-wk-old mice but not with those either 4 wk or 10 wk
      of age, suggesting that breeder candidates about 6 wk of age may play an
      important role in establishing and perpetuating Sendai infection in this breeding
      colony. With mouse hepatitis virus, however, mice aged 4 wk or older seem to be
      effective transmitters of the virus, while some of these mice were found to have
      antibody to the virus.

PMID- 178960
TI  - Criteria for producing high quality animals for research.
AB  - The criteria for the breeding or purchase of high quality research animals in
      general, and of dogs, cats, monkeys, rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits were
      discussed. The reasons for using high quality animals are: economic, accuracy and
      reproducibility of results, no effects due to the presence of pathogens, and
      reduction of human health hazards.

PMID- 178962
TI  - Electron microscopic features of lipoprotein-glycosaminoglycan complexes from
      human atherosclerotic plaques.
AB  - Lipoprotein-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) complexes were isolated from fibrous plaque
      lesions of human aortas and examined by electron microscopy. After fractionation
      by gel chromatography and ultracentrifugation, both very low density lopoprotein
      GAG and low density lopoprotein-GAG complexes showed particles which were mainly
      1,000 to 2,000 A in diameter. Occasional large aggregations 3,000 to 10,000 A in
      diameter were seen after gel filtration and in the very low density lipoprotein
      fraction of complexes. In general, the complexes were larger than serum very low
      density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein, although serum very low density
      lipoprotein particles ranged from 250 to 2,000 A. In vitro low density
      lipoprotein-heparin complexes consisted of spherical particles generally 1,000 to
      2,000 A in diameter formed by the aggregation and coalescing of smaller low
      density liproprotein particles in the presence of heparin and Ca2+. These
      observations support a concept that GAG of the aortic intimal "ground substance"
      sequester certain serum lipoproteins in a manner similar to in vitro complexing
      of lipoproteins and GAG in the presence of Ca2+.

PMID- 178961
TI  - Effects of sodium periodate on platelet functions.
AB  - Removal of N-acetylneuraminic acid from the platelet surface causes rapid removal
      of platelets from the circulation but causes little change in other platelet
      functions. We have now investigated the effects of sodium periodate which is
      thought to oxidize the sialic acid of glycoproteins on cell surfaces and has been
      shown to affect the functions of other cells. NaIO4 (1 to 10 mm) caused
      aggregation of stirred suspensions of washed platelets from rabbits. Calcium was
      required in the suspending medium for NaIO4-induced aggregation. Aggregation was
      not accompanied by the release of amine storage granule contents nor by cell
      lysis. Aggregation induced by NaIO4 was not inhibited by creatine phosphate
      creatine phosphokinase, by platelet inhibitors that raise platelet cyclic AMP
      levels such as prostaglandin E1 or methylxanthines, by agents that modify
      platelet surface--SH groups (N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate),
      nor by cytochalasin B and/or colchicine which interfere with platelet contractile
      processes. Drugs such as acetylsalicyclic acid, penicillin G, or cephalothin had
      no effect on NaIO4-induced aggregation. NaIO4-induced aggregation was practically
      independent of platelet metabolism since it was not affected by low temperatures
      and was only slightly inhibited by a combination of antimycin and iodoacetate.
      Periodate treatment enhanced CO2 production by platelets. When rabbit platelets
      were pretreated, without stirring, with NaIO4 (0.01 to 1 mm), they did not
      aggregate. They retained their disc shape and granule contents. However, this
      pretreatment with NaIO4 inhibited aggregation induced by ADP and inhibited both
      aggregation and release induced by collagen, thrombin, arachidonic acid, and the
      ionophore A23,187. The extent of inhibition corresponded to the concentration of
      NaIO4 used to pretreat the platelets. In contrast, concanavalin A-induced
      aggregation was unchanged by NaIO4 pretreatment. When NaIO4 oxidation was
      followed by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction, the effects caused by NaIO4
      pretreatment on ADP-induced aggregation and collagen- or thrombin-induced
      aggregation and release were partially reversed. Pretreatment with NaIO4 also
      diminished the rate of serotonin uptake and decreased the ability of platelets to
      adhere to collagen-coated surfaces or to the subendothelial structures of the
      rabbit aorta. Platelets which had been treated with NaIO4 and then reinfused into
      rabbits did not survive, and in this way were similar to platelets from which
      surface sialic acid had been removed by neuraminidase treatment. Since NaIO4 has
      been shown to oxidize sialic acid on red cell membranes, it seems probably that
      alteration of surface sialic acid resulted in recognition of the periodate
      treated platelets as "foreign" by the reticuloendothelial system. When NaIO4
      oxidation was followed by NaBH4 reduction, platelet survival returned toward
      normal values.

PMID- 178963
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one, 4-androstene-3,17
      dione, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone and its
      application to the human male plasma.

PMID- 178964
TI  - Concordance of electrocardiographic and scintigraphic criteria of myocardial
      injury after cardiac surgery.
AB  - The concordance of transmural electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and myocardial
      infarct imaging in detecting myocardial injury in the perioperative period was
      evaluated in 50 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and in 6
      patients without coronary artery disease undergoing valve replacement.
      Scintigraphy with technetium-99m (Sn) labeled pyrophosphate was performed 3 to 7
      days after surgery. Plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were determined
      preoperatively and daily for 7 days postoperatively. Plasma MB-CPK was assayed
      fluorometrically in samples obtained at 12 hour intervals for 36 hours. Total CPK
      and MB-CPK concentrations were normal in all patients preoperatively but
      increased in every patient postoperatively. A total of 8 patients (16%) had
      evidence of perioperative infarction. Six of these patients (12%) with coronary
      artery disease exhibited abnormal images after bypass surgery, associated with
      transmural ECG changes in each case. The other 2 patients (4%) with coronary
      artery disease who had abnormal images were among 4 patients who developed bundle
      branch block after the operation. Abnormal images did not occur in any patient
      undergoing valve replacement despite total CPK and MB-CPK elevations. These
      results indicate that total CPK and MB-CPK elevations occur consistently after
      cardiac surgery and cannot be relied upon for detection of transmural infarction.
      Furthermore, new conduction defects may not necessarily be a sign of
      perioperative infarction, and infarct imaging may be a useful means of
      establishing myocardial infarction in this group of patients.

PMID- 178965
TI  - Interactions between manganese and brain dopamine.

PMID- 178966
TI  - [Immunological and biological properties of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis].

PMID- 178967
TI  - [Poliovirus and simian adenovirus replication in mixed infections of primary
      monkey kidney cell cultures].

PMID- 178968
TI  - [Effect of environmental physico-chemical factors on poliovirus replication].

PMID- 178969
TI  - [Molecular mechanism of steroid hormones action: clinical implications].

PMID- 178970
TI  - Hydroxyproline contents and prolyl hydroxylase activities in lungs of rats
      exposed to low levels of ozone.

PMID- 178971
TI  - Levels of epidermal growth factor in mice: tissues measured by a specific
      radioreceptor assay.

PMID- 178972
TI  - Lack of alteration in regional brain adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels
      after acute and chronic treatment with ethanol.

PMID- 178973
TI  - Lipids of Klebsiella pneumoniae: the presence of phosphatidyl choline in
      succinate-grown cells.
AB  - The carbon and energy source for aerobically grown cultures of Klebsiella
      pneumoniae profoundly influenced the total lipid content and phosphatide
      composition. Glucose-grown cells contained 13% lipid, 56% of which was
      phospholipids. Succinate-grown cells contained 8% lipid, 66% of which was
      phospholipids. The predominant phosphatides of glucose-grown cells were
      phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 82%; phosphatidyl glycerol, 4.5%; phosphatidic acid,
      5%; cardiolipin, 6.5%; phosphatidyl serine; and trace amounts of unidentified
      phosphatides. Phosphatides of succinate-grown cells were phosphatidyl
      ethanolamine, 38%; diphosphatidyl glycerol, 14%; phosphatidyl glycerol, 13%;
      phosphatidyl choline, 14.5%; phosphatidyl serine, 6%; phosphatidic acid, 4%; and
      10% unknown lipids. No trace of phosphatidyl choline was found in glucose-grown
      cells.

PMID- 178975
TI  - [Characteristics of manifestations of border effect in
      electroroentgenobronchography].
AB  - Specificity of the image reflecting the outlines of the bronchial lumena on the
      electroroentgenograms is explained by the manifestation of the border effect. The
      latter is caused by the non-uniformity of the electric field over the surface of
      the selenium layer with a regular distribution of charges. With
      electroroentgenography of sharply contrasted objects in a little contrast medium
      the potential relief has highly pronounced differences, this leading to
      distorsion of the dimensions and the shape of the objects under examination. When
      interpreting electroroentgenograms these specific features should be taken into
      consideration. In constructing improved medical radiographic equipment it will be
      advisable to envisage the possibility of controlling the said effect.

PMID- 178974
TI  - Free radical reactions of peroxidizing lipids with amino acids and proteins: an
      ESR study.
AB  - Free radical transfer from oxidizing methyl linoleate to amino acids and proteins
      was studied in dry model systems incubated for periods up to 20 days. Electron
      spin resonance was used to study free radical production. Free radicals were
      detectable in the amino acids lysine, arginine, histidine, tryptophan, and
      cysteine. Reduced glutathione and, to a limited extent, cystine also gave free
      radical signals. Free radicals produced in proteins primarily showed central
      singlet lines, attributable to carbon-centered radicals, with g= 2.004+/- 0.001.
      Sulfhydryl proteins also exhibited downfield shoulders at g approximately equal
      to 2.015 and 2.023 that were essentially identical to peaks observed in cysteine
      and reduced gluathione. The field positions of sulfur resonace in cysteine and
      proteins suggested a sulfur-oxygen complex rather than thiyl radicals.

PMID- 178976
TI  - [Effect of Alimemazine (Theralene) on sleep. Influence of psychopharmaceuticals
      on REM stages in normal persons and improvement of sleep in patients with sleep
      disorders].

PMID- 178977
TI  - [Effect of furosemide and dexamethasone on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in brain
      tumors].

PMID- 178978
TI  - Somatostatin inhibition of insulin secretion in insulin-producing tumors.

PMID- 178979
TI  - Neonatal familial hypobeta-lipoproteinemia.
AB  - A kindred with four generation vertical transmission of familial hypobeta
      lipoproteinemia was ascertained by measurement of low levels of cord blood low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL) in a propositus neonate. Measurement of
      cord blood C-LDL in conjunction with family studies allows the neonatal diagnosis
      of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia.

PMID- 178980
TI  - Effect of sex hormones on protamine inactivated and resistant postheparin plasma
      lipases.
AB  - Effects of estrogens and the synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid, Oxandrolone,
      on extrahepatic (protamine inactivated) and hepatic (protamine resistant) lipases
      in postheparin plasma, were assessed in 15 subjects with familial
      hypertriglyceridemia. In six women receiving conjugated equine estrogen (1.25
      mg/day), mean (+/- SE) postheparin protemine inactivated triglyceride lipase (PI
      TGL) was depressed to 0.23 +/- 0.10 mumol FFA/ml/hr, and protamine resistant
      lipase was depressed to 5.3 +/- 0.5 mumol FFA/ml/hr. In the 2-wk period after
      estrogens were discontinued, PI-TGL remained depressed, 0.54 +/- 0.24, while PR
      TGL increased to 7.3 +/- 0.88, p=less than 0.05. Mean triglycerides fell
      insignificantly from 628 +/- 136 to 447 +/- 44 mg/100 ml when estrogens were
      discontinued. There was no significant correlation between changes in PR-TGL and
      triglycerides when estrogens were stopped. In four women with familial
      hypertriglyceridemia, Oxandrolone significantly increased PR-TGL in two,
      increased PI-TGL in three, and reduced triglycerides in two. In five men with
      familial hypertriglyceridemia, Oxandrolone reduced triglycerides in four,
      increased PR-TGL in four, but had no effect on PI-TGL. For the nine
      hypertriglyceridemic subjects increments in PR-TGL failed to correlate
      significantly with decrements in triglyceride, (r=0.309, p is greater than 0.1).
      Selective alteration of PR-TGL and PI-TGL by estrogens and Oxandrolone may
      provide an approach to better understanding of the interaction of lipases and
      triglycerides in familial and acquired hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 178982
TI  - Mechanism of plasma cyclic AMP response to hypoglycemia in man.
AB  - The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on plasma cyclic AMP levels was
      studied in normal volunteers, adrenalectomized, and sympathectomized subjects.
      Significant increases in plasma glucagon were observed in all groups. Normal
      subjects all had two- to threefold rises in plasma cAMP while no response was
      seen in any adrenalectomized or sympathectomized subject. These findings suggest
      that the mechanism for enhanced plasma cAMP release during insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia is catecholamine dependent. Glucagon does not contribute
      significantly to this response.

PMID- 178981
TI  - Quantitation of apolipoprotein A-I of human plasma high density lipoprotein.
AB  - High density lipoproteins (HDL) may be controlled via their major apolipoprotein,
      A-I. To study this apolipoprotein, a simple, precise, and accurate
      immunodiffusion assay for A-I was developed and applied in a sample of Bell
      Telephone Company employees. A-I showed a slight increase with age in men
      (r=0.11, n=263) and women (r=0.15, n=257). A-I correlated closely with HDL
      cholesterol (r=0.72). It was weakly related to total triglyceride in women
      (r=0.24) but was inversely related in men (r=-0.17). Women on estrogen had the
      highest A-I levels (149 mg/dl +/- 26, x +/- S.D., n=29, p is less than 0.05),
      followed by women on combination oral contraceptives (141 +/- 26, n=80) whereas
      women on no medication had lower levels (129 +/- 25, n=99, p is less than 0.01)
      but men had the lowest levels (120 +/- 20, p is less than 0.01) In a separate
      group of 14 women given estrogen for 2 wks (1 mug/kg/day), A-I increased by 24%.
      Thus A-I is increased by exogenous and, most likely, endogenous estrogen, Among
      hyperlipidemic referral subjects, those with hypercholesterolemia (n=43) and
      hypertriglyceridemic women (n=33) had normal A-I levels. Among
      hypertriglyceridemic men both A-I and HDL cholesterol values were decreased (115
      +/- 20, p is less than 0.01 and 37 +/- 3, p is less than 0.01, respectively,
      n=68) but were significantly lower among a group of myocardial infarction
      survivors (107 +/- 16, p is less than 0.01, and 27 +/- 6, p is less than 0.01,
      respectively, n=24). High density lipoprotein levels and the content of
      cholesterol in HDL associated with A-I appear to be decreased in coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 178983
TI  - Internal tissue heat during in vivo transillumination with fused quartz and
      borosilicate glass rods.

PMID- 178984
TI  - Colorectal carcinoma: a prospect clinicopathological study.
AB  - The clinical and pathological findings in 200 consecutive cases of colorectal
      carcinoma treated by surgical resection have been recorded and subjected to
      computer analysis. This is the initial report from a long-term prospective survey
      of this disease. The two most frequent presenting symptoms were altered bowel
      habit (51.5%) and bleeding (49.5%). Symptoms due to anaemia occurred in 16% of
      cases and acute obstruction in 13.5% of cases. The value of the various
      investigations in establishing the diagnosis is discusses. At the time of
      resection the disease had already reached an advanced stage in a majority of the
      patients. In 26% of cases it was known that complete resection of tumour tissue
      had not been achieved. A direct relationship between stage of spread and
      histological grade of malignancy was noted. The incidence of advanced stage, high
      histological grade and mucinous tumours was greatest in the right side of the
      colon. A study of early carcinomas has confirmed that many have arisen from
      benign epithelial neoplastic polyps. The significance of these observations is
      discussed.

PMID- 178985
TI  - [Identification of persons using x-rays].

PMID- 178986
TI  - [Paraneoplastic polyneuromyopathy].

PMID- 178987
TI  - [Beta-sitosterin in unsuccessfully pretreated patients with hypercholesteremia.
      Simultaneously, a contribution to dose dependence].
AB  - To 9 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type II and treated with different
      hypolipidemic drugs without success, sitosterol was given for a period of 4 to 16
      months. The effective dose was 10.56 to 21.12g beta-sitosterol corresponding to
      12 to 24g granulate. One patient developed a serious diarrhoe and dropped out. 4
      patients showed an impressive decrease of serum cholesterol levels.

PMID- 178988
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of 6 hereditary, to mental-deficiency-leading, metabolic
      disorders. 2].

PMID- 178989
TI  - [Hydatidiform mole. Diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 178990
TI  - Treatment for azoturia and tying-up.

PMID- 178992
TI  - Characterization of a unique lethal tumorous mutation in Drosophila.

PMID- 178991
TI  - The role of cAMP in flagellation of Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - A mutational alteration either in adenylate cyclase (cya-) or in cyclic-3'5'-AMP
      (cAMP) receptor protein (crp-) rendered Salmonella typhimurium incapable of
      producing flagella. The amount of mRNA specific for flagellin in these mutants
      was almost negligible when assayed in an in vitro protein synthesizing system. A
      secondary mutation cfs, partially suppressing the cya- mutation, was identified
      among the revertants of cya-. A mutation in the same cistron as cfs resulted in a
      non-flagellate phenotype either by itself or in combination with cfs. The
      cistron, which was given the gene symbol flaT, was located between flaE and flaL.
      It was suggested that cAMP receptor protein together with cAMP modulates the gene
      flaT, which in turn acts as a positive effector on the synthesis of active mRNA
      specific for flagellin.

PMID- 178994
TI  - [Plasma fibrinogen activity in diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia and
      hyperuricemia (author's transl)].
AB  - Plasma fibrinogen content was measured in 20 normal subjects, 20 patients with
      diabetes mellitus, 20 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type II or IV
      (Fredrickson) and 10 patients with hyperuricemia. These vascular risks were
      accompanied by significant increase of plasma fibrinogen in comparison with the
      normal collective. The highest fibrinogen concentrations were found in diabetics,
      followed by hyperuricemias and hyperlipoproteinemias. The importance of
      coagulation disturbances is discussed in regard of angiopathogenesis.

PMID- 178993
TI  - Characterization of an adenovirus early protein required for viral DNA
      replication: a single strand specific DNA binding proteins.
AB  - 1. The human adenoviruses types 2, 5 and 12 code for the production of a single
      strand specific DNA binding protein. The molecular weights of these proteins were
      72,000 for types 2 and 5 and 60,000 for type 12. In all three cases proteolytic
      breakdown fragments of these binding proteins (48,000 MW) were also observed. 2.
      Analysis of the methionine containing tryptic peptides of these proteins indicate
      that the types 2 and 5 proteins are similar and clearly distinguishable from the
      type 12 protein. The peptide maps of these three viral proteins are clearly
      different from a similar protein found in mock infected cells. 3. Temperature
      sensitive mutants of type 5 (H5ts125) and type 12(H12tsA275) adenoviruses fail to
      produce these proteins at the nonpermissive temperature. H5ts125 infected cells
      grown at the permissive temperature produce a 72,000 MW protein that is
      thermolabile, for continued binding to DNA, when compared to type 5 wild type
      adenovirus 72,000 MW protein. An analysis of the phenotype of this adenovirus
      mutant indicates that it codes for a viral function at early times after
      infection that is required for viral DNA replication. 4. The in vitro translation
      of adenovirus specific m-RNA results in the synthesis of a small amount of a
      72,000 MW protein that binds to single stranded DNA just like the authentic
      adenovirus DNA binding proteins produced in infected cells. 5. Adenovirus anti
      Tumor antigen (T) anti-serum from hamsters carrying independently derived
      adenovirus tumors, have been tested for the presence of antibody to purified DNA
      binding proteins. One antiserum is positive for these antibodies while the other
      is negative. These results indicate that some, but not all, adenovirus tumors
      contain large enough levels of the DNA binding proteins to elicit an antibody
      response. 6. The type 5 adenovirus temperature sensitive mutant, H5ts125, that
      codes for a thermolabile DNA binding protein, was complemented or suppressed at
      the nonpermissive temperature, for the replication of adenovirus DNA, by SV40.
      SV40tsA temperature sensitive mutants, defective in SV40 DNA replication, do not
      suppress or complement H5ts125 at the nonpermissive temperature.

PMID- 178995
TI  - [Immunosuppression and endogenic viral reinfection (author's transl)].
AB  - The consequence of nonspecific immunosuppressive therapy is a more frequent
      appearance of virus infections in the patients. They are largely caused by herpes
      and papova viruses. In addition to primary and recurrent exogenous infections,
      endogenous reinfections also have great importance. Clinically there is a broad
      palette from severe to inapparent types of infection. The use of live virus
      vaccines is contraindicated during immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID- 178996
TI  - [Letter: Synthetic ACTH in rheumatic diseases. Munch. med. Wschr. 117 (1975)
      1849].

PMID- 178997
TI  - Linear dose--response relationships after prolonged expression times in V-79
      Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - The expression time for induced mutants resistant to 6-thioguanine, in V-79
      Chinese hamster cells, was determined by respreading the cells in the selective
      medium, at various times after treatment. The length of the expression time for
      mutants induced by X-rays, ethyl methane sulphonate and ultraviolet irradiation
      was dose dependent. For the highest dose used this was 7 to 8 days, beyond which
      there was no further changes in mutant frequency. The dose-response relationship
      of these agents does not appear to deviate from linearity; this permits the
      calculation of mutation rate per unit dose. For X-rays this value was 1.35 - 10(
      7) per rad per locus, for ethyl methane sulphonate, 2.2 - 10(-2) per mole per
      locus and for ultraviolet irradiation, 6.3 - 10(-6) per erg per mm2 per locus.
      The effectiveness of the 3 different mutagens for the induction of mutations was
      compared by calculating the increase in mutant frequency per unit of decrease in
      survival (Do). These increments in frequency were: 5.6 - 10(-5) for X-rays, 69.5 
      10(-5) for ethyl methane sulphonate and 16.1 - 10(-5) for ultraviolet
      irradiation.

PMID- 178998
TI  - Host-cell reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated SV40 DNA in five complementation
      groups of xeroderma pigmentosum.
AB  - Host-cell reactivation of UV-irradiated double-stranded SV40 DNA was studied in
      BSC-1 monkey cells, normal human cells, heterozygous Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)
      cells, representative cell strains of the five complemention groups of XP and in
      XP "variant" cells. The following percentages of survival of the plaque-forming
      ability of double-stranded SV40 DNA were found in XP cells compared with the
      value found in normal monkey and human cells: group A, 13%; group B, 30%; group
      C, 18%; group D, 14%; group E, 59%; and in the heterozygous XP cells almost 100%.
      The survival in XP "variant" cells was 66%. The survival of single-stranded SV40
      DNA in BSC-1 cells was much lower than that of double-stranded SV40 DNA in XP
      cells of complementation group A, which possibly indicates that some repair of UV
      damage occurs even in XP cells of group A.

PMID- 179000
TI  - Elevation of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in Gaucher's disease.

PMID- 178999
TI  - Formaldehyde-induced hemolysis during chronic hemodialysis.
AB  - We investigated an outbreak of hemolytic anemia among patients on hemodialysis
      shortly after the installation of a new water-filtration system. Using in vitro
      technics, we demonstrated that a water-soluble inhibitor of red-cell metabolism
      could easily be extracted from the intact filters. Subsequent experiments showed
      this toxic substance to be formaldehyde, a potent reducing agent whose mechanism
      of action involves conversion of NAD to NADH. This alteration of the redox state
      of the erythrocyte leads to inhibition of glycolysis at the level of
      glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and rapid decline in cellular energy
      (ATP) stores. Because formaldehyde is widely used as a preservative for dialysis
      equipment, the toxicity of this agent for red blood cells is of clinical
      importance.

PMID- 179001
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 26-1976.

PMID- 179003
TI  - Letter: Liver-cell adenomas and oral contraceptives (cont.).

PMID- 179002
TI  - Withdrawal from glucocorticoid therapy.

PMID- 179004
TI  - Letter: Insulin action in myotonic dystrophy and acanthosis nigricans.

PMID- 179005
TI  - Low activities of the pyruvate and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes in five
      patients with Friedreich's ataxia.
AB  - Since patients with Friedreich's ataxia appear to oxidize pyruvate slowly, we
      measured the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in disrupted
      fibroblasts from four patients with this syndrome and one patient with a clinical
      variant. The activity was 43 +/- 4 per cent of that in 16 controls (mean +/-
      S.E.M., P less than 0.001). The activity of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
      complex was also lower in the patients' cells than in those of controls (50 +/- 2
      per cent, P less than 0.001). However, the activity of cytochrome-c oxidase was
      normal (126 +/- 43 per cent of controls). Mixing experiments gave no evidence of
      soluble enzyme inhibitors or activators, and the addition of excess substrate or
      cofactor did not ameliorate the deficiencies. White blood cells from one of the
      patients had low activities of both complexes. Mutations of these dehydrogenase
      complexes occur in some patients with Friedreich's ataxia and lead to abnormally
      low activity of an enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

PMID- 179006
TI  - Circulating serum C-peptide. A brief review of diagnostic implications.

PMID- 179008
TI  - Production of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes by selection.
AB  - Mutants of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase have been produced that protect the cell
      against the poisonous aldehyde acrolein by increasing the NADH-NAD ratio. The
      altered properties include changes both in binding constants and in
      cooperativity. Such mutants may be useful in exploring the nature of adaptation
      at the molecular level.

PMID- 179007
TI  - [Relation between quality of dietary protein, plasma corticosteroid concentration
      and various enzyme activities in liver and mucosa of small intestine].
AB  - Comprehensive studies were performed in Wistar rats on the relations between the
      dietary protein quality and the function of the adrenocortical system. The
      authors determined: the increase in body mass, the urea and corticosteroid
      concentrations in the blood plasma, the GOT (EC 2.6.I.I.) and GPT (EC 2.6.I.2.)
      activities in the liver, the reactivity of the adrenocortical system in vitro,
      the ACTH content in the hypophyses and the content of corticosteroid-binding
      globulin in the blood plasma. In adrenalectomized and normal rats as well as in
      rats treated with corticosterone or cortisol, the authors determined the GPT,
      GOT, amino-acid aryl amidase (EC 3.4.I.2.) and tripeptidase (EC 3.4.I.3.)
      activities in the liver and the mucosa of the small intestine, and the total,
      alpha and beta-amylase activities in the small intestine.

PMID- 179009
TI  - Retransformation of a thermosensitive BALB/c-3T3 transformant by murine sarcoma
      virus at the non-permissive temperature.

PMID- 179010
TI  - Characterisation of Aleutian disease antigens.

PMID- 179011
TI  - Calcium ions regulate cyclic AMP and beating in cultured heart cells.

PMID- 179012
TI  - Alteration of electrical activity in molluscan neurones by cyclic nucleotides and
      peptide factors.

PMID- 179013
TI  - Evolution of type C viral genes: evidence for an Asian origin of man.
AB  - Old World monkeys and apes, including man, possess, as a normal component of
      their cellular DNA, gene sequences (virogenes) related to the RNA of a virus
      isolated from baboons. A comparison of the viral gene sequences and the other
      cellular sequences distinguishes those Old World monkeys and apes that have
      evolved in Africa from those that have evolved in Asia. Among the apes, only
      gorilla and chimpanzee seem by these criteria to be African, whereas gibbon,
      orang-utan and man are identified as Asian, leading us to conclude that most of
      man's evolution has occurred outside Africa.

PMID- 179014
TI  - Binding of human immunoglobulins to pituitary ACTH cells.

PMID- 179015
TI  - Computer simulation of a model of habituation.

PMID- 179016
TI  - Sprouting and regeneration of synaptic terminals in the frog cardiac ganglion.

PMID- 179017
TI  - Cell-cycle, cell-shape mutant with features of the Go state.
AB  - A cold-sensitive mutant of CHO cells has features of "reverse transformation" at
      the non-premissive temperature of 33 degrees C. Cells accumulate at G1 with
      altered morphology and remain viable and quiescent for more than 40 d. Such
      cultures are synchronised by a temperature shift back to the permissive 39
      degrees C.

PMID- 179018
TI  - Complementation of ts mutants by a herpes simplex virus ts-transformed cell line.

PMID- 179019
TI  - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to SV40-specific tumour-associated antigens.

PMID- 179020
TI  - Alteration in membrane glycoproteins after type-C virus infection of murine
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 179021
TI  - Depressed cardiac cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats and its further depression by guanethidine.

PMID- 179022
TI  - Agents affecting adrenergic function in antihypertensive therapy. I.

PMID- 179024
TI  - [A behavior-therapy program for femal alcoholics].

PMID- 179023
TI  - [Synchronization of the background activity of skeletal musculature, autonomic
      nerves and cerebral structures in cats].
AB  - The background electrical activity of skeletal muscles, autonomic nerves and
      several brain structures was recorded in cats under acute and chronic conditions.
      The spectrum-correlation analysis showed that the spatial synchronization within
      the range of 25 to 35 Hz between autonomic nerves and brain formations
      (established in previous experiments) comprises the skeletal muscles as well. One
      of the possible mechanisms by which the rhythm of 25 to 35 Hz facilitates
      activity in the nervous system is suggested to be related to the frequency
      potentiation of the synaptic transmission.

PMID- 179025
TI  - [Prevention of relapse in the era of depot neuroleptics and social psychiatry].

PMID- 179026
TI  - A case of familial spinocerebellar degeneration with hypobetalipoproteinemia.

PMID- 179027
TI  - [Endocrinological evaluation of sellar and suprasellar tumor cases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 1) Pituitary function of 9 cases of tuberculum sellae meningioma was examined,
      before and after surgery (3 weeks, 1 year and 2 years after surgery). 2) In all
      cases ACTH, LH, FSH and prolactin responses were normal throughout pre- and
      postoperative courses. 3) GH and TSH were normoreactive in almost all cases
      preoperatively. Postoperatively GH and TSH were hyporeactive 3 weeks after
      surgery, but recovered to normal 1 or 2 years after surgery.

PMID- 179028
TI  - [Endocrinological evaluation of sellar and suprasellar tumor cases (the fifth
      report) - on pituitary function of 5 cases of ectopic pinealoma in the Chiasmal
      Region (author's transl)].
AB  - The anterior pituitary hormone secretion of 5 patients with ectopic pinealoma in
      the chiasmal region was studied. 1) GH response in ITT was hyporeactive in all
      cases. Two of 4 cases showed hyporeactive ACTH secretion in Metyrapone test. Two
      of 5 cases decreased TSH secretion in TRH test. Prolaction secretion was normal
      in all 5 cases. All 5 cases showed hyporeactive FHS response. LH secretion was
      negligible in 2 of 5 cases, but other 3 cases showed abnormal LH response in
      LH0RH test with abnormally high basal level and no response to LH-RH. 2) In 3
      cases with abnormal LH response blood HCG was determined and identified by radio
      immuno-assay using HCG-beta-subunit antiserum. 3) Precocious puberty was
      recognized in 2 boys with identified blood HCG. 4) Abnormally high blood LH
      levels in those 3 cases were significantly decreased after lineac irraiation.

PMID- 179030
TI  - Effects of carbohydrate-active steroids and ACTH on visually-evoked responses in
      patients with adrenal cortical insufficiency.
AB  - Visual average evoked responses (AERs) to 4 intensities of light were studied in
      5 patients with adrenal cortical insufficiency. Patients were tested off all
      medications, on ACTH while off all medications, and during replacement with
      carbohydrate-active steroids. Off treatment, when steroid levels were low, AERs
      were of small amplitude and short latency. Treatment with ACTH alone decreased
      the amplitude-intensity response, suggesting extra-adrenal effects. Both with
      amplitude and latency effects, stimulus intensity was an important parameter in
      determining steroid and ACTH effects.

PMID- 179029
TI  - CRF activity in fetal rat hypothalamus, in late pregnancy.
AB  - The corticosterone content of the adrenal glands was determined in 21-day-old rat
      fetuses: (1) before and after encephalectomy or decapitation (hypophysectomy);
      (2) after ACTH treatment of the encephalectomized or decapitated
      (hypophysectomized) fetuses; and (3) after administration of crude extracts (0.1
      N HCl) of hypothalamic or cortical tissue from 20-day-old rat fetuses. A peak in
      the corticosterone content of the adrenals was observed 10 min after ACTH
      injection to enceaphlectomized or decapitated fetuses. A rise in corticosterone
      concentration was noted 5 and 10 min after the encephalectomized fetuses were
      given an injection of hypothalamic extract. This extract was devoid of
      appreciable ACTH activity when tested in decapitated fetuses. Cortical extract
      was inactive in encephalectomized or decapitated fetuses. These data suggest that
      fetal hypothalamic extract contains some CRF activity and that the fetal
      pituitary gland is responsive to the CRF.

PMID- 179031
TI  - Schemes to eradicate the multiple sclerosis central nervous system immune
      reaction.

PMID- 179032
TI  - Serology of demyelinating disease.

PMID- 179033
TI  - Search for viruses in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 179035
TI  - [Electron microscopic studies of subacute sclerosing encephalitis].

PMID- 179036
TI  - Case of diagnosis. Granulocystic sarcoma of the orbit.

PMID- 179034
TI  - [Activity of nucleoside di- and triphosphatase in rat brain in acute carbon
      monoxide poisoning. Light and electron microscopy studies].

PMID- 179037
TI  - White sponge nevus (leukoedema exfoliativum mucosae oris): ultrastructural
      observations.
AB  - Biopsy specimens from the oral lesions of white sponge nevus (WSN) in thirteen
      patients were analyzed by electron microscopy. Several marked deviations from the
      normal ultrastructure were recorded. Similarities and dissimilarities with other
      hereditary disturbances affecting the epithelium are discussed. Profound
      disturbance of the tonofilament system, with atypical aggregation of
      tonofilaments, was observed. Odland bodies, which are numerous in keratinized
      epithelia and are extruded into the intercellular space prior to the exfoliation
      of the surface cells, were also abundant in the WSN specimens. Very little
      material originating from Odland bodies appears, however, in the intercellular
      space in WSN. Presumably, the Odland bodies fail to properly function
      enzymatically in WSN.

PMID- 179038
TI  - Multifocal adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lip.
AB  - A 62-year-old Caucasian woman had several distinct and separate adenoid cystic
      carcinomas which involved both sides of the upper lip. Microscopic examination of
      the surgical specimens suggested that at least one of these malignant neoplasms
      arose from a pre-existing basal-cell adenoma.

PMID- 179039
TI  - [Familial hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rachitis].

PMID- 179040
TI  - The change of glycolytic intermediates in the brain and liver of newborn rat by
      anoxia.

PMID- 179042
TI  - [Pathological and anatomical aspects of organ-preserving therapy in the early
      stages of breast cancer].
AB  - In the treatment of breast cancer a worldwide trent towards selective and more
      individualized methods can be observed. Selective treatment depends to a
      considerable extend on precise morphological diagnosis. Conservative surgery
      combined with radiotherapy seems to be justified in cases of smallsized
      carcinomas of stage T0, N0, M0, and T1, N0, M0. There are different opinions on
      the adequate treatment of non-infiltrating carcinomas (i.e. intraductal comedo
      carcinoma, non-infiltrating lobular carcinoma). Up till now standard methods are
      not applicable. The high frequency of multicentric and bilateral development, and
      the unfavorable mode of segmental canalicular outgrowth are critical factors that
      must be taken into consideration for individual therapeutic planning.

PMID- 179041
TI  - [Definition and significance of carcinoma in situ of the breast gland].
AB  - 1. Preinvasive phases of the cancer of the breast are observed with the
      intraductal cancers of the bigger ducts and with the so-called lobular carcinoma
      in situ. It shows, however, that the carcinoma of the ducts, above all the comedo
      carcinoma, have to be considered as invasive cancers in more than 75%. These
      forms extend to the lobuli of the breast. 2. The Morbus Paget bases in one third
      on an intraductal preinvasive carcinoma, in two thirds on an invasive cancer. 3.
      This chapter deals with the differential diagnosis of the papilloma and papillary
      carcinoma. 4. Intralobular proliferations of the epithelium are observed at the
      periphery of undifferentiated cancers as secondary intraductal carcinoma and as
      primary lobular carcinoma. The so-called intralobular carcinoma in situ is in
      15,2% followed by an invasive carcinoma after an interval of up to 28 years, and
      in 23% ipsilateral, in 9,5% contralateral. As therapy the subcutaneous or simple
      mastectomy is proposed.

PMID- 179043
TI  - [Multicentric carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia of the mammary gland (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A study for multiple primary cancer in the female mammary gland was performed. In
      145 cases of mammary cancer, blocks for histological analysis were taken in a
      special system following routine examination of the specimen. Three sagital
      sections each of one inch width were taken from the outer, medium and inner
      region and from each of these 6 small blocks were cut. By this constant pattern
      of histological screening, 9 cases out of 145 were found showing multiple primary
      cancers. Among these Carcinoma solidum scirrhosum was the most frequent tumor
      type. This percentage of 6.2 is considerably lower than that given in the
      pertinent literature. Residual cancer following biopsy was found in 81% of the
      145 cases, although extensive excision had been tried by the first operation. The
      entity of atypical epithelial hyperplasia which has to be differentiated from
      Carcinoma in situ was observed in 40.5% including ductal and ductular system.

PMID- 179045
TI  - Influence of age and sex on carcinoma and cirrhosis of the liver in AXC strain
      rats ingesting 0.025% N-2-fluorenyldiacetamide.
AB  - Inbred A X C male and female rats, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks of age, ingested
      0.025% N-2-fluorenyldiacetamide in a semisynthetic diet. Both age and sex were
      important in the development of hepatic lesions. The 4- and 12-week-old males
      developed a higher incidence of carcinomas and cirrhosis of the liver than did
      the females of the same ages or the males and females 24 and 52 weeks of age.
      Four-week-old male rats had more carcinomas per liver, larger carcinomas, more
      poorly differentiated (as compared with well differentiated), and some carcinomas
      were cholangiocellular as well as hepatocellular. There were a few hepatic
      lesions in the younger female rats; however, female rats of all ages were
      relatively resistant to hepatic carcinogenesis.

PMID- 179044
TI  - [Virus infections in man during immunodepression (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors review virus infections observed in patients undergoing
      immunosuppressive treatment. The herpes virus, in particular the cytomegalovirus,
      are the most important cause. However, the role of the virus itself in an
      unfavourable course is variously assessed. The mechanism of the virus infection
      is discussed, whether primary infection, exogenous or endogenous re-infection.
      The latter seems to be the most frequent, at least in the case of the herpes
      viruses.

PMID- 179046
TI  - [Functional-morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal
      tract in experimental reproduction of the iron-deficiency state].

PMID- 179048
TI  - Diagnosis of hypotonia in children: types, differential diagnosis, and
      management.

PMID- 179047
TI  - [Role of oxidative-reductive processes in recovery of the functional activity of
      the thyroid gland in prolonged crush syndrome].

PMID- 179049
TI  - Phagocytes: Their protective activity and their genetic and acquired defects.

PMID- 179051
TI  - [Abdominal neoplasms in children].

PMID- 179050
TI  - Role of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in maturation of fetal lungs.
AB  - Fetal lung cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, cyclic AMP, phosphatidyl choline, and
      incorporation of precursors into phosphatidyl choline were measured in rabbits
      after maternal administration of hydrocortisone phosphate and aminophylline. Both
      agents inhibited lung phosphodiesterase activity and augmented cyclic AMP
      concentrations (Table 1). Aminophylline administration was associated with a
      significant increase in lung saturated phosphatidyl choline (Table 2).
      Incorporation of [14C] choline and [3H] methionine was increased by both
      aminophylline and hydrocortisone (Table 3).

PMID- 179052
TI  - [Etiology and clinical course of acute laryngotracheobronchitis in children].

PMID- 179053
TI  - [Etiological structure of acute respiratory diseases in the influenza
      intraepidemic period].

PMID- 179054
TI  - Effect of two experimental sets on sleep structure.
AB  - The effect of four perceptual sets--First Night in a sleep laboratory, Second
      Night in a sleep laboratory, Shock Avoidance Night, Reward Night--on the
      distribution of sleep was examined with 12Ss. Both the shock avoidance and the
      reward conditions gave results similar to those characteristically found in the
      First Night Effect, i.e., increases in Stage 0, Stage 1, the latency to Stage 4,
      the number of Awakenings, and the number of Stage Changes coupled with a decrease
      in Stage 1-REM. The observed effects, however, were minimal and were interpreted
      as giving evidence for the sturdiness of the sleep process.

PMID- 179055
TI  - [Search for the lowest irradiation dose from literatures on radiation-induced
      breast cancer (author's transl)].

PMID- 179056
TI  - [Total vascular exclusion of the liver in extensive hepatic exeresis. Value and
      limits].
AB  - Three cases of right hepatic lobectomy performed under complete hepatic vascular
      exclusion with aortic clamping in normothermia are reported. Hemostasis of the
      row surface of the liver is obtained with application of a biological glue.
      Hepatic vascular exclusion (from 24 to 30mn) was harmless to the remnant liver
      and the kidneys. Blood loss was minimal. The hemodynamic tolerance was good all
      along the procedure, but there is a high risk of overloading and acute congestive
      heart failure immediately after removal of the clamps. The continuous monitoring
      of pulmonary artery pressures must be emphasized. This procedure may be advised
      for massive and hypervascular tumors of the right lobe of the liver.

PMID- 179057
TI  - [Letter: Acute non-lithiasic Welchia perfringens cholecystitis. An unusual cause
      of pneumoperitoneum].

PMID- 179058
TI  - Electrophoretic analysis of covalently closed SV40 DNA: Boltzmann distributions
      of DNA species.
AB  - Covalently closed relaxed SV40 DNA [SV40(I')] generated by polynucleotide ligase
      closure of nicked circular SV40 DNA was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
      The DNA can be resolved into a series of bands differing in superhelical density
      whose intensities are approximately symmetrical about a central most intense
      band. Densitometric analysis of the gel pattern has revealed that the
      distribution of DNA species conforms to a Boltzmann distribution and has enabled
      us to derive an equation for the free energy of superhelix formation for SV40
      DNA. We believe the observed bands reflect the time-averaged distribution of
      thermally induced fluctuations in DNA chain conformation in solution at the time
      of ligase catalyzed phosphodiester bond formation. Densitometric analysis of
      native supercoiled SV40 DNA, partially unwound in the presence of ethidium
      bromide, demonstrates that the separation between adjacent bands is approximately
      half that seen with SV40(I'). Agarose gel electrophoresis was also used to
      measure the change in average base rotation angle as a function of temperature by
      a procedure independent of ethidium dye binding.

PMID- 179059
TI  - Isolation and characterization of poly(A)-containing polyoma "early" and "late"
      messenger RNAs.
AB  - During late lytic infection of mouse kidney cell cultures polyoma 16S and 19S
      (late 19S RNA) were isolated by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. Approximately
      60-80% of total cytoplasmic polyoma RNA contained tracts of poly(A) which were
      retained by oligo(dT)-cellulose. Early in lytic infection when viral DNA
      synthesis and the production of capsid protein are blocked by the addition of 5
      fluorodeoxyuridine, approximately 100% of polyoma "early" 19S RNA was
      quantitatively retained by oligo(dT)-cellulose indicating the presence of poly(A)
      tracts on most 19S mRNA molecules. In addition, 2 classes polyoma RNA,
      synthesized after the onset of cellular RNA synthesis under conditions where DNA
      synthesis is inhibited with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, were found to contain tracts of
      poly(A). These species sedimenting at 16S and 19S in aqueous sucrose density
      gradients were also quantitatively retained by oligo (dT)-cellulose.

PMID- 179061
TI  - [Animal experimental studies of positive tumor demonstration with radio-iodine
      labelled albumin macroaggregates].
AB  - 131I-labeled macroaggregates were injected into the femoral artery of rats
      bearing a Yoshida sarcoma at the lower extremity and of healthy control animals.
      The radioactivity was measured in tissue samples taken from the tumour and in
      unaffected muscle tissue. The tumour tissue showed a considerably higher uptake
      of radioactivity than the not-neoplastic tissue of control animals. The
      difference was increased when more time elapsed between the injection and the
      measurement. After 48 hours the ratio was 25:1 in favour of tumour tissue. In
      contrast to the transplanted Yoshida sarcoma, hepatomas in Wistar rats induced by
      N-nitroso-morpholin showed a considerably smaller increase of radioactivity than
      the control group when injected with 131I-MAA. The fixation ratio between tumour
      and normal liver tissue was 1:5.9. In contrast to autochtone liver tumours rats
      with transplanted tumours are considered as a suitable model for testing labeled
      albumin particles like 131I-, 111In- or 99mTc-labelled albumin microspheres
      developed for angioscintigraphic purposes.

PMID- 179060
TI  - Spin labeled nucleic acids.
AB  - Homopolyribonucleotides and E. coli DNA wer spin labeled with an iodoacetamide
      nitroxide compound. The extent of labeling is highly dependent upon the nature of
      the base and the secondary structure of the nucleic acid. This spin label-polymer
      linkage is unstable at high temperatures and in phosphate buffers. In order to
      determine the effect of changes in the environment of nucleic acids on the esr
      signals of their attached spin labels, the polynucleotides were subjected to
      temperature and viscosity perturbations. An increase in temperature (T) affects a
      linear decrease in the anisotropy factor of the esr signal. The log tau (tau =
      correlation time) versus (1/T) profile is linear with a positive slope when the
      spin label is attached to single stranded polynucleotides but exhibits
      discontinuities at certain critical temperatures when attached to the duplexes
      poly (As-U) and poly (I-Cs). These critical temperatures are lower than the
      optical Tm. Logarithmic increase in viscosity was found to produce a linear
      increase in tau in aqueous sucrose solutions.

PMID- 179063
TI  - Back to the community: a dubious blessing.

PMID- 179062
TI  - Significance of femur and liver radioactivity in relation to quality and fate of
      phosphate complexes labeled with technetium-99m.

PMID- 179064
TI  - Community care for the mentally ill.

PMID- 179065
TI  - A physiologic approach to cardiac rehabilitation.
AB  - Rehabilitation of the patient with atherosclerotic coronary heart disease is a
      longitudinal, comprehensive care program that ends only on the death of the
      patient. Although much remains to be learned about cardiac rehabilitation, there
      is a rational basis predicated upon causes of disability, healing of myocardial
      damage, energy cost of activities, a rational approach to the activity and
      exercise prescription, and the potential benefits from exercise to justify a
      concerted national rehabilitation effort. The potential benefits in terms of more
      rapid return to work, maintenance of the patient's psychosocial integrity, and
      modification of natural history of the disease make the institution of a cardiac
      rehabilitation program a prudent activity for a practitioner, clinic, or
      hospital.

PMID- 179066
TI  - Hypertension: medical and nursing implications.
AB  - Hypertension is a major public health problem affecting 20 to 30 million people
      in the United States, many of whom are undetected, untreated, or inadequately
      treated. Because hypertension often is asymptomatic for decades, it must be
      systematically sought out in apparently well persons if the condition is to be
      treated in its earliest stages and complications prevented. With the recent
      advent of effective antihypertensive medications treatment is available, once the
      patient has been diagnosed. Physicians and nurses have a major responsibility to
      direct the patient into treatment and to assure the effectiveness of his follow
      up care. Noncompliance is a direct challenge to everyone seeing the patient. The
      patient must be motivated to accept and continue therapy through education and,
      most important, by the establishment of a good interpersonal relationship with
      the nurse and/or the physician.

PMID- 179067
TI  - Coronary artery surgery. Operative technique and patient education.
AB  - Coronary artery surgery, the preferred technique for myocardial revascularization
      in patients with ischemic heart disease, promptly increases blood flow to areas
      of the myocardium distal to the coronary obstruction. CAS completely relieves
      angina in 90% of patients. The risk of 1 to 5% is decreasing as operative
      technique and patient selection improve. Patients having CAS need comprehensive
      preoperative and discharge teaching to restore them to normal, active, optimistic
      lives.

PMID- 179068
TI  - A question of clinical freedom.

PMID- 179069
TI  - Nursing care study: a kind of success. Part 2.

PMID- 179070
TI  - Endocrine alterations in acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. II. Cyclic AMP and
      testosterone plasma content.

PMID- 179071
TI  - [Role of arteriography in diagnosis of abdominal tumour in children (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 179072
TI  - [The role of arteriography in the diagnosis of abdominal tumours in children
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 179073
TI  - [Electroencephalographic changes in patients with arbovirus infections].

PMID- 179074
TI  - [Ectopic secretion of calcitonin].

PMID- 179075
TI  - Recurrent intussusception due to a primary colloid carcinoma of the large bowel
      in a child.

PMID- 179076
TI  - [Cyclic AMP and asthma].
AB  - Recall is made of the essential notions concerning cyclic AMP, its biosynthesis,
      catabolism, mood of action, circumstances of its discovery. The relations with
      the alpha and beta adrenergic receptors allow to consider the part played by
      cyclic AMP in the physiopathology of the bronchial spasm.

PMID- 179078
TI  - [Treatment of cancer of the kidney (author's transl)].

PMID- 179077
TI  - Carcinomatous neuromyopathy.

PMID- 179080
TI  - [Binding of H3-aldosterone to cytoplasmic receptors of the kidney in various
      functional states of the organ target].
AB  - A study was made of the capacity of the cytoplasmic cell fraction of rat kidney
      to bind H3-aldosterone, depending on the level of Na uptake with food, and,
      consequently, on the intensity of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal glands. It
      was shown by Sketchard's method that there existed in the cytoplasmic fraction of
      the kidney cells of rats with a high and low level of aldosterone secretion two
      classes of receptors binding aldosterone with a different degree of affinity. The
      number of binding sites for aldosterone in the 1st class of receptors, more
      specific for mineralocorticoids in the animals with a low level of aldosterone
      secretion (Na loading), was double that in comparison with the animals with a
      high level of aldosterone (Na deficiency). It is supposed that an increased
      aldosterone concentration in the organism in Na deficiency increased the
      transport of the specific hormone-receptor complex from the cytoplasm into the
      nucleus.

PMID- 179079
TI  - [Functional state of the hypophyseal-adrenal cortex system in emotional stress
      with an element of aggression].

PMID- 179081
TI  - [Metabolic capacity of the tissue proteins of the digestive organs of rats
      multiply injected with ACTH alone and in combination with sodium ribonucleinate].

PMID- 179082
TI  - [State of the central regulation of glucocorticoid function of the adrenals in
      brain tumors].
AB  - Clinico-biochemical study of patients with tumours of the great hemispheres (75
      observations) showed differences in the direction of reaction of the adrenal
      cortex to some actions. There was found a normal metopyron test, an inadequate
      activation in intensive stress action (an operation of removal of brain tumour)
      and a marked prolonged reaction to low stress stimulus (administration of low
      adrenaline doses). Several tests characterizing the function of negative reverse
      association mechanism and also reactions to stress actions of various intensity
      are necessary to assess the state of the central regulation of the glucocorticoid
      activity.

PMID- 179083
TI  - [Aminoacyl-tRNA formation in the liver and skeletal muscles of rabbits under the
      influence of multiple injections of ACTH alone and in combination with sodium
      ribonucleinate].
AB  - A study was made of the action mechanism of ACTH. ACTH (10 Units/kg) alone or in
      combination with sodium ribonucleinate (10 mg/kg) was injected to rabbits for 14
      days, daily. Sum total tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases were extracted from
      the liver and the skeletal muscles. tRNA acetylation with lysine-1-C14, leucine-1
      C14 and alanine-1-C14 was investigated in vitro in homologous systems. It was
      found that repeated ACTH injections led to a decrease in the intensity of
      aminoacyl-tRNA formation in the liver and the skeletal muscles. When ACTH was
      injected in combination with sodium ribonucleinate formation of aminoacyl-tRNA
      was much more intensive in both organs than when ACTH was injected alone.

PMID- 179084
TI  - [Specificity of the tibia test].
AB  - Studies on hypophysectomized immature female rats showed that the so-called tibia
      test was highly specific only in testing the relatively pure preparations of
      growth hormone. Use of this test for determination of the content of growth
      hormone in the hypophysis or in the medium after the hypophysis incubation could
      lead to serious mistakes, since the majority of hypophysis hormones and many of
      the hormones of the peripheral endocrine glands were capable of influencing the
      width of the tibial cartilage in the hypophysectomized animals.

PMID- 179085
TI  - The solid phase synthesis of a protein activator for lecithin-cholesterol
      acyltransferase corresponding to human plasma apoC-I.
AB  - Apolipoprotein C-I, a protein constituent of the very low density lipoproteins of
      human plasma, consists of a single chain of 57 amino acids. The total synthesis
      of a protein corresponding to apolipoprotein C-I in physical properties and
      compositions was accomplished by solid phase techniques employing a modified
      polystrene incorporating spacer groups between the point of attachment of the
      first residue and the polymer matrix. The synthetic apoprotein was shown to
      activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase to the same extent as the native
      protein. Comparative lipid-binding studies with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine
      gave complexes for native and synthetic apoprotein which floated at the same
      density after ultracentrifugation in KBr gradients and had virtually the same
      lipid:protein ratios.

PMID- 179086
TI  - Binding of insulin to isolated nuclei.
AB  - Specific binding sites for 125I-labeled insulin were detected in purified nuclei
      isolated from rat liver. Binding was rapid, reversible and directly proportional
      to the number of nuclei employed. Unlabeled native insulin, at concentrations as
      low as 1ng/ml, significantly inhibited the binding of labeled hormone, whereas
      unlabeled proinsulin and desoctapeptide insulin were less potent. In contrast,
      glucagon, thyrotropin, growth hormone (somatotropin), and prolactin were without
      effect. Under identical incubation conditions, 125I-labeled glucagon bound to
      liver plasma membranes 5- to 10-fold more strongly than did insulin; in contrast
      glucoagon did not bind to liver nuclei. These studies demonstrate the presence of
      specific binding sites for insulin in purified nuclei isolated from rat liver. In
      addition, they suggest that the nucleus may be an intracellular site of insulin
      action.

PMID- 179087
TI  - Mapping of the three species of polyoma mRNA.
AB  - The polyoma mRNA's present in the cytoplasm of primary cultures of mouse kidney
      cells during lytic infection were characterized by sedimentation velocity
      analysis and by hybridization to polyoma DNA fragments generated by a specific
      endonuclease of Hemophilus parainfluenzae (Hpa II).

PMID- 179088
TI  - Sequential transcription of the genes of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - Increasing exposure of vesicular stomatitis virus particles to ultraviolet
      radiation caused differential inhibition of the synthesis in vitro of individual
      mRNA species which code for the viral structural proteins L, G, M, NS, and N.

PMID- 179089
TI  - Isolation and propagation of a segment of the simian virus 40 genome containing
      the origin of DNA replication.
AB  - Heteroduplex DNA molecules formed from two DNAs that differ from each other by a
      deletion can be cleaved at the mismatched region (a deletion loop) with the
      single-strand-specific S1 endonuclease. A heteroduplex DNA molecule, constructed
      from the DNA of simian  virus 40 (SV40) mutant with a deletion of the map region
      0.54-0.55 and the DNA of a second SV40 mutant having a deletion of the map
      segment  0.70-0.73, is cleaved twice with S1 endonuclease. One of the products is
      a DNA fragment of about 0.13 the length of SV40 DNA which contains the origin of
      SV40 DNA replication (0.67 on the SV40 DNA map).

PMID- 179090
TI  - High in vivo rates of methionine biosynthesis in transformed human and malignant
      rat cells auxotrophic for methionine.
AB  - Unlike normal cells, malignant rat and two simian virus 40-transformed human cell
      lines can neither grow nor survive in B12-and folate-supplemented media in which
      methionine is replaced by homocysteine. Yet three lines of evidence indicate that
      the malignant and transformed cells synthesize large amounts of methionine
      endogenously through the reaction catalyzed by 5-methyltetrahydropteroyl-L
      glutamate; L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.13). (1) The activities
      of this methyltransferase were comparable in extracts of malignant and normal
      cells. (2) The uptake of radioactive label from [5-14C]methyltetrahydropteroyl-L
      glutamic acid (5-Me-H4PteGlu) was at least as great in the malignant cells as in
      the normals and was nearly totally dependent on the addition of homocysteine, the
      methyl acceptor; furthermore, 59-84% of the label incorporated by cells was
      recovered as methionine.

PMID- 179091
TI  - Hormone and neurotransmitter receptors in an established vascular endothelial
      cell line.
AB  - A cell line from the intima of the rabbit aorta has been established. This cell
      line exhibits strict contact inhibition, and morphologically resembles intimal
      endothelial cells. B-type blood group antigens and the presence of fibrinolytic
      activity also distinguish these cells from smooth muscle cells and from
      fibroblasts of the aortic wall. Endothelial cells were assayed for changes in
      levels of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3':5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cGMP) in response to a series of vasoactive drugs. Control levels
      for cAMP and cGMP are 7.01 +/- 0.82 and 1.50 +/- 0.06, respectively (mean +/-
      SEM). Norepinephrine, acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and phenylephrine
      increased the levels of both nucleotides significantly. Propranolol (10-5 M) and
      phentolamine (10-5M) inhibited, respectively, the cAMP and cGMP response to
      norepinephrine. Angiotensin II and histamine significantly increased cGMP levels
      but not cAMP levels of the endothelial cells. The cGMP increases with
      acetylcholine were inhibited by atropine. These results indicate that the
      established cell line is endothelial in nature and contains cellular receptors to
      a variety of vasoactive agents.

PMID- 179092
TI  - Sodium-stimulated amino acid uptake into isolated membrane vesicles from Balb/c
      3T3 cells transformed by simian virus 40.
AB  - Mediated uptake of amino acids by membrane vesicles isolated from Balb/c 3T3
      cells transformed by simian virus 40 has been demonstrated. Initial rates of
      transport of radioactively labeled L-leucine and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid were
      enhanced by the addition of NaCl (100 mM) to the reaction mixture at the start of
      the uptake process. This enhancement included a prominent "overshoot" during
      initial uptake. Slight stimulation of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid uptake was seen
      with K+, but none with Li+. The mediated nature of the uptake event for L-leucine
      was shown by saturation kinetics and by inhibition with L-valine. The transport
      assay measured predominantly intravesicular amino acid uptake rather than
      binding, as shown by the variation of uptake in response to changes in
      extravesicular osmolarity. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of closed
      vesicles. Thus, amino acid transport has been characterized in an in vitro
      membrane vesicles system which should prove useful for studies of growth control.

PMID- 179093
TI  - Resting state in normal and simian virus 40 transformed Chinese hamster lung
      cells.
AB  - Normal cell deprived of amino acids or serum factors enter a resting state,
      whereas cells transformed by wild-type simian virus 40 do not. The ability to
      enter a resting state is temperature-sensitive (ts) in cells transformed by a tsA
      mutant of simian virus 40. We shown further: (i) that when complete medium is
      added to resting cells, the length of time until the onset of DNA synthesis often
      exceeds the length of G1 in growing cells; (ii) that the length of this interval
      depends upon the conditions used to arrest cell growth; but (iii) that
      transferring cultures from medium depleted for one factor to medium depleted in a
      second factor never leads to a round of DNA synthesis; and (iv) that DNA
      synthesis does not resume rapidly when a resting culture of cells transformed by
      the tsA mutant is transferred to the permissive temperature in suboptimal medium.
      A model proposing that in suboptimal conditions cells leave the cell cycle and
      traverse a branch pathway to enter the resting state is consistent with these
      findings.

PMID- 179094
TI  - Hormonal control of meiosis: specificity of the 1-methyladenine receptors in
      starfish oocytes.
AB  - The specificity of the 1-methyladenine receptors, which are localized on the cell
      membrane of starfish oocytes, has been investigated in Marthasterias glacialis
      and Asterias rubens. Ability of N-1-substituted adenines to trigger the release
      of meiosis inhibition is conserved, or even increased, when the methyl group is
      replaced by larger substituent groups.

PMID- 179095
TI  - Cholera toxin interactions with thyrotropin receptors on thyroid plasma
      membranes.
AB  - Unlabeled cholera toxin inhibits [125I]thyrotropin binding to thyrotropin
      receptors on thyroid plasma membranes. Maximal inhibition by cholera toxin does
      not exceed 40%, whereas unalbeled thyrotropin completely inhibits
      [125I]thyrotropin binding to these same membranes. Kinetic analyses of the
      binding data are compatible with the view that the cholera toxin decreases the
      number of receptor sites available to thyrotropin and that the mechanism by which
      the cholera toxin inhibits [125I]thyrotropin binding to these receptor sites
      involves both competitive and noncompetitive elements.

PMID- 179096
TI  - Effects of concanavalin A and a succinylated derivative on lymphocyte
      proliferation and cyclic nucleotide levels.
AB  - To better define cell surface-related changes involved in lymphocyte activation,
      we studied native concanavalin A (Con A) and succinylated concanavalin A (Suc-Con
      A) for their effects on proliferation and cyclic nucleotide levels of human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. At optimal mitogenic concentrations, the two forms
      of Con A induce equivalent proliferation; however, the mitogenic activity of Con
      A progressively decreases above 50 mug/ml. In contrast, the mitogenic activity of
      Suc-Con A is not decreased even at 250 mug/ml.

PMID- 179097
TI  - Search for antigens and antibodies crossreactive with type C viruses of the
      woolly monkeys and gibbon ape in animal models and in humans.
AB  - Several reports have indicated the presence of type-C viral antigens in human
      tumors and of viruses closely related to those of the woolly monkey and gibbon
      ape in cultured human cells. In the present studies, attempts to detect woolly
      monkeys viral antigens in human tissues, or antibodies directed against
      structural polypeptides of woolly monkey viruses in human sera, were
      unsuccessful, In contrast, it was possible to demonstrate viral antigens in
      tissues and antibodies reactive to viral components in several animal and even
      primate model systems. Further evidence against the presence of woolly monkey
      viruses in humans is our failure to identify spontaneous or chemically induced
      viruses of this group in more than 200 individual cultures of human origin
      examined. These findings argue against the likelihood that viruses closely
      related to the woolly monkeys virus are associated with human tumors or are
      common infectious agents of man.

PMID- 179098
TI  - Differential effect of phosphonoacetic acid on the expression of Epstein-Barr
      viral antigens and virus production.
AB  - The effects of phosphonoacetic acid on cell growth, expression of Epstein-Barr
      virus antigens, and virus production in human and marmoset lymphoblastoid cell
      lines have been studied. The drug had no significant effect at concentrations up
      to 100 mug/ml on cell growth or total cell DNA synthesis. Higher doses induced
      not only a drastic decrease in DNA synthesis and cell grwoth, but also a dramatic
      cell enlargement. Immunofluorescence studies showed that greater than or equal to
      30 mug/ml of phosphonoacetic acid inhibited viral capsid antigen synthesis
      without affecting the expression of the nuclear antigen or the spontaneous and 5
      iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-induced early antigens. Production of transforming Epstein
      Barr virus was also blocked.

PMID- 179100
TI  - Oral contraceptives and liver tumours.

PMID- 179099
TI  - Evidence for tandem integration of avian myeloblastosis virus DNA with endogenous
      provirus in leukemic chicken cells.
AB  - The integration site of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) proviral DNA in DNA from
      leukemia chicken myeloblasts has been studied by three sequential nucleic acid
      hybridizations that can localize the proviral DNA according to the repetitiveness
      of the adjacent cellular DNA regions. First, large denatured cellular DNA
      fragments (2.1 x 10(6) daltons) were reassociated and fractionated according to
      sequence reiteration frequenct. Next, DNA remaining single-stranded in each
      fraction was immobilized on nitrocellulose filters hybridized with an excess of
      unlabeled 70S RNA from Rous-associated virus-0 to saturate the endogenous
      proviral DNA sequences.

PMID- 179101
TI  - Infection in pregnancy and impaired fetal growth.

PMID- 179102
TI  - Focal dermal hypoplasia goltz's syndrome.

PMID- 179103
TI  - Lipid mobilizing hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary.
AB  - Lipid mobilizing substances (LMS) are present in the hypothalamus and pituitary
      of mammals and probably are involved in the central neural control of obesity.
      Most of these have direct lipolytic effects, like lipid mobilizing factor (LMF)
      and LH-RH from the hypothalamus as well as lipotropin (LPH), melanocyte
      stimulating hormone (MSH), corticotropin (ACTH), and growth hormone (GH) from the
      pituitary gland. Some of the substances, like GH-release inhibiting hormone (GH
      RIH), affect lipolysis by secondary actions on pancreatic hormones such as
      insulin and glucagon. Other hypothalamic hormones, like GH-releasing hormone (GH
      RH) may influence lipolysis secondarily through the pituitary hormones (e.g. GH)
      whose release they control. Regardless of how lipid mobilization is affected,
      investigations into the problem of obesity should take these LMS into
      consideration.

PMID- 179104
TI  - Mechanism of actions of adrenaline and ACTH in fat mobilization.
AB  - Starvation did not cause increase of hormone-sensitive lipase in rat epididymal
      adipose tissue. Adrenaline did not activate lipase in the fat cells, although it
      accelerated the release of free fatty acids from the cells. The results suggest
      that the mechanism of the stimulation of lipolysis by adrenaline is different
      from that in the cyclic AMP theory. Adrenaline-sensitive fat globules were
      prepared by hypotonic treatment of fat cells. Lipolysis in the fat globules was
      stimulated by adrenaline. It was shown that adrenaline-induced lipolysis in the
      fat globules was not due to activation of lipase but to initiation of a reaction
      between lipase and triglyceride. It is well known that calcium ions are essential
      for ACTH-induced lipolysis and that the hormone stimulates calcium uptake into
      adipose tissue. It was demonstrated that calcium ions accelerated formation of a
      complex between fat and lipase. The mechanism of the actions of adrenaline and
      ACTH are discussed on the basis of these results.

PMID- 179105
TI  - Fiber connections in the hypothalamus and some autonomic functions.
AB  - The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) belongs to area sympathica B of the
      SPH-System and its fibers to make up the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus and the
      hypothalamicotegmental tract. Blood glucose increases by rapid increase in active
      phosphorylase and G-6-Pase activities in liver following VMH stimulation. From
      the changes of ultrastructure of the hypophysis and the pancreas, GH, ACTH, LH,
      FSH and TSH (but not prolactin) are thought to be released by each releasing
      hormone increased by VMH stimulation. D cell hormone is also released and insulin
      is not released following VMH stimulation. The lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH)
      belongs to area parasympathica C of the SPH-System and its fibers to make up the
      medial forebrain bundle and stria medullaris. Blood glucose decreases by
      relatively rapid increase in glycogen synthetase activity in the liver following
      LH stimulation. From the changes of ultrastructure, GH, ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH and D
      cell hormone are not released, but prolaction and insulin are released following
      LH stimulation. By giving lesions in VMH or LH, some degenerated fibers could be
      seen in LH or VMH, homolaterally.

PMID- 179108
TI  - [Pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 179106
TI  - Pituitary-adrenocortical activity and avoidance-of-attack in mice.

PMID- 179107
TI  - Brief communication effects of estradiol on feeding and locomotion in REM
      deprived rats.

PMID- 179109
TI  - Control of asthma in children.
AB  - Programs designed for the control of asthma are complex. Implementation of a
      number of modalities may be necessary, and the mean and level of treatment may
      need to be varied from time to time. Medical treatment is a primary concern but
      preventive measures and education of the family are essential as well.

PMID- 179111
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of neck tumors by angiography (author's transl)].
AB  - Angiographic criteria and differential dignosis of tumors of the lateral neck are
      demonstrated in 200 examined patients. There is a typical angiographic pattern in
      chemodectomas. Extreme vascularization and localization in the area of the
      carotid bifurcation are characteristic for these tumors. Neurinomas are avascular
      or minimally vascularized. The character of carotid artery deviation allows to
      distinguish neurinomas from other neoplasms of the neck. Metastases of thyroidal
      carcinoma are usually represented by pronounced vascularized tumors with a smooth
      border. Metastases of squamous cell carcinomas as primary mesenchymal tumors are
      minimally vascularized or sometimes avascular. There is increased vascularization
      in combination with perifocal inflammation. It is impossible to differentiate
      metastases of squamous cell carcinomas from primary mesenchymal tumors by
      angiography.

PMID- 179113
TI  - Hepatic fibrosis.

PMID- 179110
TI  - [Legal and medical aspects of discharging a patient from a psychiatric hospital].

PMID- 179112
TI  - Abnormalities of the arterial wall and its metabolism in atherogenesis.

PMID- 179114
TI  - Primary hepatic tumors in childhood.

PMID- 179115
TI  - [Poliomyelitis anterior acuta].

PMID- 179116
TI  - [Virological studies on adenoviruses in Warsaw in the years 1965-1973].

PMID- 179117
TI  - [Observations on children vaccinated orally with triple anti-poliomyelitis
      vaccine].

PMID- 179118
TI  - Effect of anti-mouse macrophage serum on murine cytomegalovirus infection.
AB  - Rabbit anti-mouse macrophage serum (AMS) was used to study the role played by
      macrophages against murine cytomegalovirus infection. Treatment of mice with AMS
      enhanced morbidity and mortality following virus infection. These results are
      discussed in relation to the role of macrophages against virus infections.

PMID- 179119
TI  - On the formation of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen radicals in heart mitochondria.
AB  - The mitochondrial respiratory chain has been shown to produce H2O2 under certain
      conditions (Loschen, Flohe, and Chance, 1971; Boveris, Oshino, and Chance, 1972;
      Loschen, Azzui, and Flohe, 1973; Boveris and Chance, 1973). At least 1 percent of
      the total oxygen uptake in State 4 (Chance and Williams, 1956) in the presence of
      succinate is caused by H2O2 formation (Boveris et al., 1972). It was shown that
      the component responsible for mitochondrial H2O2 formation is located between the
      sites of the antimycin and rotenone inhibition (Loschen et al., 1971; Boveris et
      al., 1972). The possible physiological consequences of a respiratory chain-linked
      H2O2 formation is not yet understood. It would therefore be of significance to
      know whether oxygen radicals are involved in this process or not. It was recently
      suggested by Rotilio et al. (1973) that enzyme systems producing H2O2 via oxygen
      radicals are always closely associated with a superoxide dismutase. Thus, the
      existence of a mitochondrial superoxide dismutase located in the matrix space
      (Weisiger and Fridovich, 1973) prompted us to look for oxygen radicals as
      possible intermediates in the mechanism of the formation of mitochondrial H2O2.
      In the present communication we show that, under the same conditions in which
      H2O2 is formed in the mitochondrial respiratoy chain, oxygen radical formation
      can be demonstrated also. A possible relationship of this finding with lipid
      peroxidation and the toxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen is likely.

PMID- 179120
TI  - Adrenaline, noradrenaline, and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in plasma of
      healthy persons during ergometric work with and without beta-receptor blocking
      agents.
AB  - After endogeneous increase of noradrenaline and adrenaline during a submaximal
      exercise test, plasma levels of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) show
      no significant change. After effective beta-receptor blockade due to propranolol
      plasma levels of cyclie AMP do not change significantly, either during rest or
      during exericse. After effective beta-receptor blockade due to propranolol the
      plasma levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline, reached during exercise, are
      significantly reduced compared with the plasma catecholamine levels obtained
      under the same exercise conditions wtihout beta-blockade. In contrast to the
      findings of other investigators, increased plasma catecholamine levels after
      administration of propranolol could not be observed.

PMID- 179121
TI  - Catecholamine antagonism of acetylcholine and dibutyrl guanosine 3',-5'
      monophosphate in the mammalian ventricular myocardium.
AB  - After chemical sympathectomy we could demonstrate a negative inotropic effect of
      acetylcholine (ACh) on the cat ventricular myocardium as a direct catecholamine
      antagonism. Dose-response relationships for isoproterenol (IP) reveal a
      noncompetitive inhibition of the inotropic action of the catecholamine by ACh. A
      concentration of 10(-6) M ACh reduced the maximal IP-induced increase in tension
      by 58 +/- 13 percent (6-hydroxydopamine pretreatment) and by 65 +/- 10 percent
      (reserpine pretreatment); inhibition by endogenous ACh (released by field
      stimulation) was 36 +/- 10 percent and 38 +/- 8 percent, respectively. A
      concentration of 10(-3) M bibutyryl guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) produced
      a 17 +/- 7 percent reduction of the catecholamine-induced increase in tension
      (reserpine pretreatment). A cholinergic influence on the myocardial mechanics and
      metabolism of the heart may be relevant under stress situations. Vagal inhibition
      of the ventricular function is accentuated by an elevated sympathetic tone (Levy,
      1971). If catecholamine-induced myocardial necrosis in addition to secondary
      effects of altered vessels are produced also by direct damage of the myocardial
      cell, then an influence of acetylcholine as a "natural" antagonist may be
      important.

PMID- 179122
TI  - Recruitment and discharge frequency of phrenic motoneurones during inspiration.
AB  - The discharges of 107 phrenic motor axons were recorded from cats under
      chloralose-urethane anaesthesia with spinal cords transected at T1 or with intact
      neuraxis. During inspiratory occlusions in spinal cats, each motoneurone was
      recruited at a mouth pressure constant at a given end tidal CO2; no motoneurone
      was recruited at a pressure greater than 70% of maximum. In eupnoea (32.3 torr
      CO2) 73% of motoneurones were recruited during the first 30% of inspiration;
      during CO2 rebreathing (60.8 torr CO2), 89% were recruited in the first 30% of
      inspiration. Neurones recruited earlier in inspiration had a lower onset
      frequency than later recruited units; all increased instantaneous frequency in a
      linear relation to pressure. Early recruited units showed a smaller increase in
      frequency per unit change in pressure than did later recruited units. During CO2
      rebreathing, mean and peak frequencies increased on average 0.92 and 1.78
      spikes.sec(-1) (%CO2)(-1), respectively, these increases being significantly less
      for early than for late recruited neurones. The data show that a stable order of
      recruitment of phrenic motoneurones exists during inspiration, the excitability
      of each motoneurone likely determining its time of recruitment. Above threshold,
      later recruited motoneurones are more 'sensitive' to a change in input.
      Recruitment of motoneurones is responsible for pressure generation at the start
      of inspiration and increase in discharge frequency (rate coding) is the dominant
      mechanism in the second half of inspiration.

PMID- 179123
TI  - [The hemarthroses of articular chondrocalcinosis].
AB  - Spontaneous haemarthrosis may occur during the evolution of articular
      chondrocalcinosis. It occurs mainly in older women and involves the knee in
      particular. The disorder may recur in the same or in different joints. A study of
      11 case histories and counts of red blood corpuscles in samples of synovial fluid
      confirm that bleeding occurs more readily in chondrocalcinosis than in arthrosis
      alone. The proposed mechanism of haemarthrosis is only a hypothesis, but it is
      possible to imagine the onset of microcrystalline flow in a joint that is senile
      and affected by arthrosis. It is suspected that repeated haemarthrosis favours an
      oseolytic evolution in certain cases of chondrocalcinosis.

PMID- 179124
TI  - [Personal reflections on melanoameloblastoma in children. 2 cases].

PMID- 179125
TI  - [Burkitt's disease on the Ivory Coast. Therapeutic study and the problem of
      recovery].

PMID- 179126
TI  - Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin in serum during long-term
      diphenylhydantoin therapy.
AB  - Clinical laboratory tests for assessment of thyroid function were performed in 31
      patients receiving long-term diphenylhydantoin (DPH) therapy. Reduced serum total
      thyroxine and free thyroxine index were found. The decrease in serum total
      triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine index was smaller but statistically
      significant. DPH had no significant effect on the serum thyrotropin (TSH)
      concentration and maximal TSH response to TSH-releasing hormone. The absence of
      reciprocal changes in TSH and serum thyroxine might be due to the near-normal
      triiodothyronine concentration. Such an explanation would also conform with
      previous findings that the pituitary contains specific receptors for
      triiodothyronine but not thyroxine.

PMID- 179127
TI  - Determination of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in urine.
AB  - A modification of Aurbach & Houston's enzymic method for measuring cAMP is
      presented. The procedure is relatively simple and in several respects new.
      Urinary cAMP is separated from other nucleotides and phosphate by ZnSO4-Ba(OH)2
      precipitation and column chromatography. The eluate is concentrated by
      evaporation. Recovery at this stage is 60-82%. The cAMP from urine and the
      standards are dissolved in a reaction mixture and converted to 5-AMP with cyclic
      3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) and further to ATP with adenylate kinase
      and pyruvate kinase. The ATP formed is labelled with 32P by an exchange reaction
      catalysed by glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase.
      The remaining 32P used to count the [32P]ATP in the aqueous phase. Daily human
      urinary cAMP excretion is 3380 +/- 836 nmol (S.D.). After an injection of 100 USP
      units of parathormone intravenously into a patient with idiopathic
      hypoparathyroidism, urinary cAMP excretion increased 40-fold above the basal
      concentration within 30 min. Drinking of coffee or water did not affect cAMP
      excretion. The limit of detection of the method is 170 pmol of cAMP, and the
      variation coefficient for urine ranges from 7 to 10%. When the enzymic cAMP
      method was compared with a radioimmunological procedure, the correlation
      coefficient was found to be 0.98.

PMID- 179128
TI  - Effect of streptozocin on gastrin release.
AB  - As streptozocin has a toxic effect on gastrin producing cells in some patients
      with gastrinomas, the action of the drug upon normal gastrin release was
      evaluated in patients with carcinoid tumours (n=6) and malignant insulinomas
      (n=2). No acute effects were recorded in 22 instances where gastrin levels were
      followed during the first 24 hours after infusion of streptozocin. When gastrin
      levels were compared throughout a course of repeated infusions during months a
      significant increase was noted. Concentrations were doubled after 6 g
      streptozocin given during a four months period, and tripled after 10 g in nine
      months period. One patients developed bleeding duodenal ulcer after a total dose
      of 6 g. It is concluded that streptozocin does not damage normal G cells, but by
      some action seems to stimulate gastrin relase. Peptic ulceration may be an
      important side effect during a long term treatment.

PMID- 179129
TI  - Multiple vacuoles formation in erythroblasts in an erythroleukaemic patient.
AB  - Peculiar erythroblasts with multiple vacuoles were observed in the bone marrow of
      an erythroleukaemic patient. Some erythroblasts contained more than 80 vacuoles
      on a thin section. The contents of vacuoles were amorphous with low electron
      density. No transitional form from mitochondria or other organelles was observed.
      Since these vacuolated erythroblasts were clearly distinguishable from
      megaloblastoid erythraemia cells, multiple vacuoles formation is presumably
      attributable to the disturbance of microconnection net work in the normal red
      cell series.

PMID- 179132
TI  - Letter: Custodial care--a legitimate service?

PMID- 179131
TI  - Mu-chain disease in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and malignant
      histiocytoma. II. Immunochemical studies.
AB  - Agarose gel electrophoresis of serum from the eleventh case of mu-chain disease
      (mu-CD) showed two distinct abnormal bands due to free light chains and  kappa
      complexes with other serum proteins. This caused diagnostic difficulties on
      conventional immunoelectrophoresis, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis with
      intermediate gel is demonstrated as a superior tool for investigation of mu-CD. A
      simple rocket immunoelectrophoresis method foe mu-CD screening is also shown. The
      mu-CD protein had alpha-2-mobility and a part of the protein carried kappa
      determinants probably due to secondary binding. Preparative ultracentrifugation
      and size chromatography on serum demonstrated that the mu-CD protein was present
      in serum in several sizes, the smallest being a dimer of mu-chains. Due to
      scarcity of material the abnormal protein could not be characterized further.

PMID- 179130
TI  - mu-chain disease in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and malignant
      histiocytoma. I. Clinical aspects.
AB  - A 27-year-old woman with proteinuria and normal serum creatinine for 10 years
      developed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and after further 2 years during
      treatment with prednisone and chlorambucil a malignant histiocytoma appeared.
      Free mu-chains were demonstrated in serum, but it is possible that mu-chain
      disease (mu-CD) and Bence-Jones proteinuria had persisted unrecognized for 12
      years, since vacuolated plasma cells were found when the primary bone marrow
      smear was re-evaluated and no glomerular disorders were found. The clinical
      findings from the now 11 known cases of mu-CD are reveiwed and the immunochemical
      findings are reported ain part II (Axelsen et al 1976). The patient's mother died
      of acute leukaemia at the age of 24. The mother's sister has mammary carcinoma
      and several members of the mother's line apparently have increased tendency to
      infections. Of 27 family members, none exhibited immunoglobulin defects, but 10
      members of the mother's line had B- as well as T-lymphocytosis and 5 members had
      leukocytosis.

PMID- 179134
TI  - A health survey of granite workers in Finland: radiographic findings, respiratory
      function, hearing, electric sensory thresholds of the fingers and subjective
      symptoms.
AB  - Results from a health survey of 777 granite workers, exposed to quartz dust,
      noise and/or machine vibration, and 122 unexposed "controls" are reported. The
      survey included chest X-rays, pulmonary function tests, a hearing examination,
      the determination of the electric sensory thresholds of the fingers, and
      questionnaires on the subjective symptoms of the respiratory system and upper
      limbs. The exposed workers' radiographic findings (except for a 2.6 % rate of
      silicosis), respiratory functions, and sensory thresholds did not differ
      significantly from those of the controls. Granite drillers had a high prevalence
      of hearing defects. Respiratory symptoms  were common among drillers and
      sandblasters, and subjective symptoms of the upper limbs due to vibration
      occurred among the granite dressing workers who used pneumatic hammers. Both
      primary and secondary measures of prevention are strongly recommended for the
      granite industry, primarlily for quartz dust exposure and its health effects.

PMID- 179133
TI  - Letter: Followup: then and now.

PMID- 179135
TI  - Dissolution of silicic acid from amosite and quartz dusts under physiological
      conditions.
AB  - The dissolution of silica from amosite dust in human serum and in Ringer buffer
      at 37 degrees C was found to be significantly higher than that from quartz. The
      significance of this finding in relation to their fibrogenic effects has been
      discussed.

PMID- 179136
TI  - [Cystosarcoma phylloides of the breast. Analysis of 58 cases].
AB  - Cystosarcoma phylloides (c.p.) is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasm of the mammary
      gland exhibiting considerable histological variations ranging from the aspect of
      hypercellular fibroadenoma to that of pleomorphic sarcoma. In this study, 58
      cases of c.p. were graded according to their histology into 3 groups of
      increasing malignancy-benign tumors: 23 cases (42%), borderline tumors: 16 cases
      (27%) and malignant tumors: 18 cases (31%). Their clinical properties and
      evolution have been compared. These tumors were found exclusively in women, most
      often during the 5th and 6th decade of life (age range from 19 to 81 years). In
      two thirds of the cases, the history of the disease was shorter than 6 months.
      The symptoms were generally scant. Only in 2 cases were severe local lesions
      observed. The postoperative clinical course has been followed for at least 5
      years in 32 instances. Recurrences were observed in 5 patients, the histology
      being as a rule the same as that of the primary tumor. The 12 patients with
      benign tumors are well 5 years or more after operation. One of the patients
      presenting a malignant tumor died of lung embolism soon after mastectomy. 2 out
      of 10 patients with borderline tumors died within 6 years with metastases of the
      mammary tumor. Our analysis confirms the experience that c.p. are relatively
      benign but often recurring neoplasms that rarely disseminate. As far as prognosis
      and treatment are concerned, tumors of questionable dignity should be considered
      malignant. To avoid such vague terms as "benign or malignant  c.p." we support
      OBERMANN'S suggested separation of c.p. into "cellular fibroadenoma" and
      "periductal fribrosarcoma". Wide local excision for small and benign tumors is
      recommended. All other forms require simple mastectomy. Prophylactic dissection
      of the axillary lymph nodes is not necessary as these tumors usually disseminate
      hematogenously. Roentgen therapy or chemotherapeutic agents are not useful in
      treatment.

PMID- 179137
TI  - [Therapeutic experiences using the new podophyllotoxin derivative VP 16-213 in
      malignant human tumors].
AB  - The new semisynthetic epipodophyllotoxin VP 16-213 has been tested for antitumor
      activity and toxicity in a non-randomized phase II trial. The study included 33
      patients with solid tumors and acute leukemias. The drug was given in 5-day
      courses every 3 weeks, parenterally for the first 2 courses and thereafter
      orally. Subjectively VP 16-213 was well tolerated in both i.v. and oral
      administration, but almost universally induced leukothrombopenia and hair loss.
      The best results were achieved in 12 patients with oat cell carcinoma of the lung
      (4 good and 4 less good responses). Remissions of lesser quality were also
      observed in anaplastic lung cancer, ovarian carcinoma and acute myelomonocytic
      leukemia. VP 16-213 possesses proven, clinically valuable cytostatic activity
      against various human neoplasms. Complementary studies to establish its optimum
      dosage and administration, and its place in combination chemotherapy, are in
      progress.

PMID- 179139
TI  - Neural properties of cultured human endocrine tumor cells of proposed neural
      crest origin.
AB  - Cells from human endocrine tumors of proposed neural crest origin--five
      pheochromocytomas, two medullary carcinomas of the thyroid, and two bronchial
      carcinoids--were grown in monolayer culture. Cells from all nine tumors,
      including epithelial forms of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and bronchial
      carcinoid cells, and epithelial and neuron-like pheochromocytoma cells
      demonstrated all-or-nothing, short-duration action potentials.

PMID- 179138
TI  - Characterization of the androgen receptor from a Syrian hamster ductus deferens
      tumor cell line (DDT1).
AB  - The hamster ductus deferens cloned tumor cell line (DDT1) contains a complex
      steroid receptor protein that binds 3H-labeled 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone,.
      Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) chromatography of cytosol from these cells yields two
      major receptor peaks of activity. Identification of this steroid binding protein
      as a cytoplasmic receptor was confirmed by salt dissociation on sucrose
      gradients, stability of the hormone-receptor complex at 0 degrees C, and the
      retention patterns on phosphocellulose and DEAE cellulose. Multiple forms of the
      receptor exist in a single homogeneous cell type. The data support the theory
      that steroid hormones bind to a cytoplasmic protein receptor composed of
      dissimilar subunits as the initial step in steroid hormone action.

PMID- 179140
TI  - Letter: Immunosurveillance of naturally occurring feline leukemia.

PMID- 179141
TI  - Bovine leukemia virus genes in the DNA of leukemic cattle.
AB  - Reverse transcripts of the rna genome of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) as well
      as 125I-labeled BLV RNA hybridize to the DNA of tissues from leukemic cattle with
      the adult form of the disease but not to bovine thymic lymphoma or normal bovine
      tissues.

PMID- 179142
TI  - Ion-exchange in melanin: an electron spin resonance study with lanthanide probes.
AB  - Changes are induced in the electron spin resonance signal amplitude and microwave
      power saturation of the naturally occurring free radical in melanin by bound
      paramagnetic ions. The changes serve as experimental observables in competition
      experiments between diamagnetic and paramagnetic metal ions for melanin binding
      sites and between melanin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for paramagnetic
      metal ions. Evidence is presented for the existence of several specific types of
      metal binding sites. The interaction of copper with free radicals leading to loss
      of electron spin resonance signal amplitude is magnetic in nature and not, as has
      been supposed, chemical.

PMID- 179143
TI  - Oncogenic transformation of human embryo lung cells by human cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Persistent infection of human embryo lung fibroblasts with a genital isolate of
      cytomegalovirus resulted in oncogenic transformation of these cells.
      Immunofluorescence techniques detected virus-specific antigens, while
      microcytotoxicity tests established that the transformed cells share a membrane
      antigen with hamster cells transformed by inactivated cytomegalovirus. The
      transformed human cells induced progressively growing tumors in weanling athymic
      nude mice.

PMID- 179145
TI  - Letter: Overlooked avian oncornavirus in cultured muscle--functionally
      significant?

PMID- 179144
TI  - Increased sarcoma virus RNA in cells transformed by leukemia viruses: model for
      leukemogenesis.
AB  - A morphologically flat revertant of mink cells nonproductively infected with
      Moloney sarcoma virus exhibited contact inhibition and lacked detectable sarcoma
      virus RNA. Superinfection by usually nontransforming type C mammalian leukemia
      causing viruses induced transformation and increased sarcoma virus RNA. The
      results suggest a model for leukemogenesis in animals by increasing, during
      replication of usually nontransforming leukemia viruses, the levels of RNA from
      potentially oncogenic cell or integrated virus transforming genes.

PMID- 179146
TI  - Lethal interaction of ubiquitous insecticide carriers with virus.
AB  - Large quantities of presumably nontoxic petroleum oil by-products are introduced
      into the environment as pesticide dispersal agents and emulsifiers. An increase
      in viral lethality with a concomitant influence on the liver and central nervous
      system occurs in young mice previously primed with such chemicals.

PMID- 179147
TI  - Bacillus cereus food poisoning.

PMID- 179148
TI  - Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - Infectious mononucleosis continues to be an important medical problem of young
      adults. Diagnosis is based on three principal criteria: (1) a compatible clinical
      picture, (2) characteristic hematologic changes, and (3) a positive serology. A
      relative lymphocytosis of 60% or higher with at least 20% atypical lymphocytes is
      a common feature. Laboratory diagnosis is dependent on proper application and
      interpretation of the various serologic tests. Evidence of abnormal liver
      function is of particular value in differentiating this disease from bacterial
      and viral pharyngitis.

PMID- 179149
TI  - Selective limbic deficits after encephalitis.

PMID- 179150
TI  - Studies on the inhibitory activities of human serum lipoproteins for Japanese
      encephalitis virus.
AB  - Human serum lipoproteins were purified by ultracentrifuging and their
      concentrations adjusted as required to be within the normal male/female serum
      range for all assays. The activities in inhibition of hemagglutination (HAI) for
      Japanese encephalitis virus were--low density lipoprotein (LDL) greater than very
      low density lipoprotein (VLDL) greater than high density lipoprotein (HDL).
      Heating (56 degrees C/30 minutes) caused the LDL titer to fall and freeze-thawing
      (20 degrees C/room temperature) the VLDL titer to rise slightly, possibly as a
      result of alteration in lipoprotein structure. The additon of lipoprotein
      depleted serum appeared to dampen these effects and there was no nett change in
      titer when it was added to a lipoprotein mixture. Similarly, unfractionated
      normal serum showed no significant change in titer after these treatments. The
      lipoproteins lacked significant virus neutralizing (VN) activity and this
      remained so in spite of fluctuations in HAI titer after heating and freeze
      thawing.

PMID- 179151
TI  - The prevalence of entamoeba histolytica and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in
      Central Java, Indonesia.
AB  - Sera collected from people living along the slopes of Mt. Merapi and Mt. Merbabu
      (900-1900 m) in Boyolali Regency, Central Java, Indonesia were tested by indirect
      hemagglutination tests for antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica and Toxoplasma
      gondii. A total of 695 sera from 439 males and 256 females, 2 to 75 years of age
      were tested for amoebiasis and 17.6% had positive antibody titers of 1:128 or
      greater. The prevalence of antibodies was the same for males and females and
      increased with age. The seropositivity rate for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies
      among 438 males and 255 females was 2% at titers of 1:256 or greater. The
      prevalence was higher in females (2.7%) than in males (1.6%), and was highest in
      the oldest age groups.

PMID- 179152
TI  - [Effect of preparations of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the level of blood
      serum lipoproteins in patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 179153
TI  - [Antibodies to viral antigens in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 179155
TI  - Letter: Endoplasmic reticulum lakes and malignant hepatoma.

PMID- 179154
TI  - [Results and perspectives of enzymological studies in rheumatism].

PMID- 179156
TI  - Letter: Epstein-Barr virus and carcinoma.

PMID- 179158
TI  - A site of action for zinc in neoplastic tissue.
AB  - The effect of dietary zinc levels on DNA synthesis in transplanted hepatomas
      induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethyl-amino-azobenzene was investigated. DNA synthesis
      was found  to be reduced (P less than 0,01) in rats maintained on diets low in
      zinc (0,5 mug/g) and high in zinc (less than 500 mug/g) when compared with the
      control animals given 60 mug zinc/g ration. Subsequently, the effect of dietary
      zinc intakes on the activity of 2 zinc-dependent enzymes associated with DNA
      synthesis--thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase--was studied. Both thymidine
      kinase and DNA polymerase activity was significantly reduced in animals receiving
      the zinc-deficient (0,5 mug/g) and zinc-supplemented (less than 500 mug/g) diets
      when compared with the control animals (60 mug/g). The data indicated that the
      DNA synthesis was the primary locus associated with zinc deficiency and zinc
      supplementation in proliferating tumour tissue, and that the site of action of
      zinc in this process was probably thymidine kinase, since there was considerable
      doubt concerning the role of DNA polymerase in DNA synthesis.

PMID- 179157
TI  - Radiation injury to abdominal aorta and iliac artery sustained in infancy.
AB  - Late complications of radiation therapy will become more common as treatment of
      neoplasms in childhood becomes more successful. A patient with a successfully
      treated Wilm's tumour presented with hypertension 3 years after therapy.
      Angiography revealed extensive damage to the aorta and left common iliac artery,
      probably caused by the radiation therapy. The hypertension was the result of
      renal artery stenosis.

PMID- 179159
TI  - Collagenase and elastase released during peritonitis are complexed by plasma
      protease inhibitors.
AB  - Peritoneal fluids from patients with diffuse peritonitis secondary to perforation
      of the appendix contained large quantities of collagenase and elastase. The
      enzymes, which existed in the form of complexes with plasma protease inhibitors,
      probably had been released from the granulocytes. The two enzymes had linked
      almost half of the alpha 1-antitrypsin and four fifths of the alpha 2
      macroglobulin in the fluid. Evidence that regional defense against protease had
      failed was obtained by finding the C3 component of complement completely
      converted. Toxic peptides probably had been released. Recognition of plasma
      protease inhibitors as an important part of the regional defense against protease
      also suggested use for therapy. We lavaged the peritoneum postoperatively with
      fluid that did not contain plasma inhibitors but with volumes large enough to
      eliminate the accumulation of enzymes for the granulocyte.

PMID- 179160
TI  - Metastatic potential of metastases.
AB  - Nine cases of known metastases originating from other metastatic foci were
      documented at operation. The primary tumors included four melanomas, two
      osteosarcomas, a synovial sarcoma, an anaplastic lung carcinoma, and a
      rhadbomyosarcoma. Secondary metastatic sites to the regional lymph nodes were
      noted in the pulmonary hilum (one), mediastinum (one), pulmonary hilum and
      mediastinum (three), small bowel mesentary (two), retroperitoneum (one), and
      axilla (one). All patients were immunocompetent as evidenced by their ability to
      be sensitized to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and/or their positive response
      to common skin test antigens. The metastatic potential of cells from metastases
      does not appear to differ from cells of the primary.

PMID- 179161
TI  - The effect of portacaval shunt on plasma lipids and tissue cholesterol synthesis
      in the dog.
AB  - Portacaval shunt (PCS) has been proposed as a therapy for hyperlipidemia;
      however, its lipid-lowering mechanism is unknown. In this study PCS was performed
      on ten mongrel dogs to measure its effect on plasma lipids and on the cholesterol
      synthesizing ability of the liver and intestines, the major indodenous
      cholesterol synthesizing tissues. Plasma was analyzed for total cholesterol
      (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), and the CHOL content of three plasma lipoprotein
      fractions. Jejunal, ileal, and hepatic cholesterol synthetic rates were
      determined by 14C-acetate incorporation to CHOL in tissue slices obtained at
      operation before PCS and 44 +/- 4.1 (S.D.) days after PCS. Plasma CHOL decreased
      by 18 +/- 7 (S.E.), 34 +/- 8 (S.E.), and 57 +/- 14 (S.E.) mg. per 100 ml. by 4,
      6, and 16 weeks after PCS, respectively. TG decreased by 13 +/- 5 (S.E.), 27 +/-
      5 (S.E.), and 30 +/- 9 (S.E.) mg. per 100 ml. at corresponding time intervals.
      Paired Student's test analysis of CHOL and TG changes are significant at the p
      less than 0.05 level. CHOL content of the three plasma lipoprotein fractions
      decreased correspondingly. Intestinal tissue CHOL synthesis rates changed only
      slightly. Hepatic synthetic rates increased by 30 to 40%; however, no synthetic
      rate changes were statistically significant at the p less than 0.05 level. PCS is
      associated with decreased in plasma CHOL [42% (see article)] AND TG [53% (see
      article)] in dogs up to 16 weeks following operation. Statistically significant
      changes in endogenous CHOL synthesis were not demonstrated by this study. The
      mechanism by which PCS affects plasma lipids in the dog is unknown as yet.

PMID- 179162
TI  - [The "Vaccination Reaction" syndrome of broilers after vaccination against
      Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis (author's transl)].
AB  - In a part of the broiler flocks vaccinated against Newcastle disease (N.C.D) and
      infectious bronchitis (I.B.), disease symptoms of lingering nature have been
      observed, generally in the second half of the rearing period. In a practical
      investigation with weekly examinations of chickens, supplemented by a serological
      examination of twenty-four animals per flock at the age of six weeks, it was
      hoped to establish the factors responsible for this "vaccination reaction". In
      the district under notice the vaccination reaction syndrome had been responsible
      for widspread abandoning of twice spraying against N.C.D. in the first and fourth
      week in favour of drinking-water vaccination (generally combined with I.B.
      vaccination) in the second week and spray-vaccination in the fourth week or of
      combined drinking-water vaccination in the second week, either with or without
      N.C.D. drinking-water vaccination in the fourth week. Admittedly the incidence of
      vaccination reaction in flocks vaccinated exclusively via the drinking water was
      less frequent (32%) than in flocks in which the second vaccination was
      administered as a spray (48%), but this difference was largely accounted for by
      infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or Mycoplasma synoviae, complicated
      by infection with Escherichia coli. Of the thirty-three flocks free of
      mycoplasmosis, 24% exhibited the vaccination reaction, while the incidence to the
      fifteen infected flocks was 73.4%. In flocks infected with mycoplasmosis the
      course of E. coli infections was serious in 46.7% of the birds, while this figure
      was 18.2% in flocks free of mycoplasmosis. In flocks free of mycoplasmosis, the
      percentage of serious E. coli infections was lower after spray vaccination
      (14.3%) than after drinking-water vaccination (21%). The strains of E. coli
      brought in by one-day chicks from the hatchery disappear rapidly and play no role
      of any significance in the problem of colibacillosis observed at an age of three
      weeks or older. Of the 310 isolated strains of E. coli, 52 could not be typed and
      the others belonged to eighty different serotypes. With respect to the effect of
      infectious bronchitis the investigation does not provide sufficient evidence to
      permit of drawing conclusions. A significant role in the occurrence of the
      syndrome was played by coccidiosis and Gumboro's disease. With respect to
      environmental factors the available data did not allow of drawing conclusions.
      The authors recommend continuing with all available means to free the breeding
      animals from M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, undertaking scientifically based
      research into the role of infectious bronchitis in the "vaccination reaction"
      syndrome, an effective programme of hygiene to control E...

PMID- 179163
TI  - [Intrapulmonary fibromas (author's transl)].
AB  - Based on 5 individual cases over a period of 8 years (1 fibroma, 1 angiofibroma,
      2 adenofibromas, 1 xanthous neurofibroma) the characteristics of the rare
      intrapulmonary fibroma and the therapeutic consequences are discussed. Any
      suspicious tumor demands a thoracotomy with careful preoperative treatment and
      the subsegment or segment resection depending on the histological diagnosis
      reported during the procedure.

PMID- 179165
TI  - Functional change in hepatic mitochondria of swine fed
      ethylchlorophenoxyisbutyrate.

PMID- 179164
TI  - Hepatocyte vacuolation and increased liver weight occurring in anoxic rats.

PMID- 179166
TI  - [Therapeutic problems in the radiotherapy of bladder tumors].
AB  - The indications of different radiation techniques are reviewed. Out of these, the
      interstitial therapy should be regarded more attentively in future, unless too
      large a tumor is present in the fixed part of the bladder. The spatial
      distribution of the dose during percutaneous megavoltage therapy depends on the
      tumor stage. Irradiation is not allowed to be confined to the bladder except in
      case of primary findings corresponding to T1-2N0, the tumor being confined to the
      mucous or to the internal muscular tunica respectively, the degree of its
      malignancy being low and transitional cells having been revealed histologically.
      In all other cases, irradiation has to encompass the whole small pelvis. The
      split-course-technique has proved its value. If available, ultrahard
      bremsstrahlung is to be preferred. For radiation therapy of small volumes, fast
      electrons should be tested also in future.

PMID- 179167
TI  - Characterization of the androgen receptors in the hypothalamus, preoptic area and
      brain cortex of the rat.
AB  - The specific androgen receptors for testosterone (T) (1) and 5alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the cytosol fraction of the hypothalamus, preoptic
      area and brain cortex of the rat have been characterized using electrophoresis
      and isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. After labeling of the cytosol
      fractions in vivo and in vitro we were able to demonstrate androgen-receptor
      complexes moving with an electrophoretic mobility (R(f) of 0.5 in 3.25%
      acrylamide gels containing 0.5% agarose and 10% glycerol. Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis was used as a quantitative assay for androgen receptors in the
      tissues. The hypothalamus, preoptic area and brain cortex were found to possess a
      single class of high affinity binding sites for androgens and the dissociation
      constants (K(D) were estimated to be 3.4, 4.3 and 2.6 X 10 (-10M) respectively.
      The binding capacities were 3.7 (hypothalamus), 3.5 (preoptic area) and 1.8 X 10
      (-15) (brain cortex) moles of high affinity binding sites per mg protein. Like
      other androgen-receptor complexes, the testosterone-receptor complexes of the
      hypothalamus, preoptic area and brain cortex were temperature labile, sulfhydryl
      dependent and revealed a very slow rate of dissociation at o degrees C (t1/2
      greater than 36 hr). The receptors in all the tissues had an isoelectric point of
      5.8. The steroid specificity of the cytoplasmic androgen receptors was tested in
      vitro by the competing efficiency of different unlabeled steroids for (3H)
      testosterone binding. In the three tissues in investigation the following order
      of affinity was found: DHT greater than T greater than Cyproterone acetate
      greater than progesterone greater than androstenedione greater than 17beta
      estradiol. Cortisol did not effect androgen binding significantly. Thus, the
      physiochemical characteristics of the cytoplasmic androgen receptors of the
      hypothalamus, preoptic area and brain cortex are very similar, if not identical,
      to those of the androgen receptors described in the anterior pituitary, ventral
      prostate, epididymis and testis.

PMID- 179168
TI  - Effects of estrogen and testosterone on specific prolactin binding in the kidneys
      and adrenal of rats.
AB  - The effects of estradiol benzoate in the female rat, testosterone propionate in
      the male rat, and castration in both sexes on specific prolactin binding sites in
      the particulate membranes of the kidneys and adrenals were studied. Castration
      resulted in a significant increase in PRL binding activity in the kidneys of both
      males and females, and in a significant increase in PRL binding activity in the
      adrenals of the females. The increase in PRL binding with castration and the
      decrease seen with testosterone treatment were similar in both immature and
      mature rats. Progesterone administration to castrate females failed to alter PRL
      binding in both tissues. The present results suggest that estrogen and
      testosterone participate in the PRL osmoregulatory system in rat.

PMID- 179169
TI  - Antibacterial activity of 15-azasteroids alone and in combination with
      antibiotics.
AB  - A new class of 15-azasteroid analogues has been synthesized and tested for
      antimicrobial activity. The compounds 1, 10, 11, 11a-tetrahydro-7-methoxy-11a
      methyl-2H-naphth (1,2-g) indol (methoxyimine) and 1,10,11,11a-tetrahydro-11a
      methyl-2H-naphth (1,2-g) indol-7-ol (hydroxyimine) inhibit the growth of Bacillus
      subtillis and Escherichia coli at concentrations as low as 10-5 M. Addition of
      either compound to the growth medium casued a rapid inhibition in the transport
      of radioactive glucose, uracil and several amino acids. The inhibition of growth 
      and substrate transport was reversed following removl of the steroid from the
      medium. The evidence is consistent with a site of steroid action at the cell
      periphery. Combining the methoxyimine with polyor circulin at subinhibitory
      concentrations produced greatly enhanced antimicrobial activity against
      Pseudomonas fluorescens. Similar action was observed against B. subtilis when the
      azasteroid was combined with vancomycin or chloramphenicol. The inhibitory action
      of other antibiotics such as penicillin or erythromycin was not affected by
      addition of the test compound. The results suggest formation of a molecular
      complex between the azasteroid and antibiotic which is responsible for the
      enhanced biological activity.

PMID- 179170
TI  - Histone phosphorylations and their disparate roles in interphase.

PMID- 179171
TI  - Suppression of mixed lymphocyte response in mice bearing primary tumors induced
      by murine sarcoma virus.
AB  - Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) responses of spleen cells from mice bearing tumors
      induced by murine sarcoma virus of the Moloney type (MSV) against allogeneic
      spleen cells were found to be markedly depressed, as estimated by three
      parameters: lymphoblast counts, 3H-thymidine incorporation (TI), and cell
      mediated lysis (CML). While all three parameters were definitely depressed in
      comparison to the normal controls, TI was depressed to a greater degree than
      lymphoblast counts and CML. MSV spleen cells also had a suppressive effect on the
      MLC responses of normal spleen cells in third party type of experiments. The
      cells mediating this effect were radioresistant non-T cells, which were removed
      by adherence columns and were inactivated by carrageenan. These data suggested
      that the supressor cells were macrophages. Serum from MSV tumor-bearing mice had
      a greater suppressive effect than did normal mouse serum. Both the suppressor
      cells and the suppressive serum factors may play an important role in the
      immunosuppression observed in tumor-bearing hosts.

PMID- 179172
TI  - [Bilateral tumors of the parotid glands. (author's transl)].
AB  - Bilateral parotid tumors occur very rarely; they account for 0.5% of 544 cases of
      parotid tumors recorded at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1945 to
      1974. Three cases of bilateral tumors are described; two tumors were synchronous
      and one metachronous. The patients were women of 51, 46 and 52 years. The
      histologic type was the same on both sides in all cases, namely adenolymphoma,
      mucoepidermoid carcinoma and mixed tumor respectively. Surgical exicston was the
      treatment of choice; according to the histology of the tumors partial
      (adenolymphoma) or total parotidectomy (mixed and malignant tumors) was
      performed. As to the case of mucoepidermoid cancer of both parotid glands no
      recurrence was observed after five years.

PMID- 179174
TI  - [Exposure to cadmium as a possible precipitating factor in connective tissue
      disease].

PMID- 179173
TI  - A comparison of lung cancer antigens.

PMID- 179175
TI  - [Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast].

PMID- 179176
TI  - [Hepatocellular adenoma].

PMID- 179177
TI  - Serum lipoprotein concentration and composition in healthy 50-year-old men.
AB  - The classification of hyperlipoproteinaemias (HLP) is based on arbitrary limits
      between "normolipidaemia" and "hyperlipidaemia". 92 randomly selected healthy 50
      year-old men were studied regarding serum lipoprotein (LP) lipid composition to
      define limits for "normality". Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were
      determined and the individual ratios between cholesterol and triglycerides were
      calculated in the ultracentrifugally isolated LP density classes. A significant
      linear correlation between cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations was found
      in the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL)
      but not in the high density lipoproteins (HDL). When different percentile limits
      for LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglycerides were used as cut-off points for
      "normality" not only the absolute prevalence but also the relative frequency of
      different types of HLP was influenced. 26 overweight men studied separately
      showed significantly increased VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels with
      maintenance of the normal ratio cholesterol/triglycerides of this LP class
      compared with non-obese subjects. Three different kinds of "extra bands" were
      occasionally seen on agarose electrophoresis: a "double pre-beta" band in whole
      serum (3%), a "sinking pre-beta" band with density greater than 1.006 (17%) and a
      "late pre-beta" band in VLDL (22%). While "sinking pre-beta" is identical with Lp
      (a) LP the "late pre-beta" band probably represents a certain accumulation of
      "intermediary particles".

PMID- 179178
TI  - Herpesvirus type 2: isolation from seminal vesicle and testes.
AB  - Reproductive tissues from 10 recent male cadavers were examined. Herpesvirus type
      2 was isolated from testes, seminal vesicle, or both in 4 cases. This is the
      first report of the isolation of herpesvirus type 2 from human seminal vesicular
      tissue. The data support previous evidence that herpesvirus type 2 can be
      isolated from the reproductive tissues of males without active or prior infection
      and suggest that these tissues may serve as a reservoir for transmission of this
      virus. The study also documents, for the first time, the ability to culture
      herpesvirus type 2 in organ explants from cadaveric reproductive tissues with the
      subsequent release of infectious virus.

PMID- 179179
TI  - Specificity of biochemical and biophysical tests in Duchenne and myotonic
      muscular dystrophy, carrier states, and congenital myotonia.

PMID- 179180
TI  - Cerebral correlates of dreaming.

PMID- 179181
TI  - An effect of aminophylline in experimental cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 179182
TI  - Louping ill: a serological survey of horses in Ireland.

PMID- 179183
TI  - The isolation and some biological properties of a variant avian infectious
      bronchitis virus.
AB  - A virus isolated from a respiratory disease in chickens was identified as
      infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). By serum neutralisation tests the virus was
      shown to be serologically distinct from the Massachusetts type but to possess a
      one-way relationship with the Connecticut type. Experimentally, it caused a
      relatively mild respiratory disease in baby chicks. Vaccination of young chicks
      with H-120 Massachusetts IBV vaccine afforded a high degree of protection against
      challenge with the isolate. Some problems relating to the isolation and
      classification of field strains of IBV are briefly discussed.

PMID- 179184
TI  - Letter: Equine virus abortion.

PMID- 179186
TI  - Isolation of parainfluenza virus SV5 from dogs with respiratory disease.

PMID- 179185
TI  - Viral diseases of cats: current concepts.

PMID- 179187
TI  - [Identification of the infectious rhinotracheitis virus by the immunofluorescence
      method].

PMID- 179188
TI  - [Isolation of the bovine diarrhea virus].

PMID- 179189
TI  - [Smallpox in white rats].

PMID- 179190
TI  - [Study of the pathogenic qualities of 4 celo-virus strains isolated in Bulgaria].
AB  - Four CELO virus strains, isolated in this country, were used to infect 3-day-old
      chicks via the trachea, muscularly, orally, subcutaneously, and cerebrally. The
      chicks were killed on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 9th and 16th day following inoculation.
      Material was taken from each chick for morphologic, virologic, and serologic
      examination. The clinical course of the disease was also followed up. Prior to
      killing some birds showed infirmity, difficult breathing, slightly expressed
      diarrhia, going off food, and more sporadically there was fecal mass around the
      cloaca matting the plumage. Some manifested nervous symptoms similar to those
      observed in cases of Newcastle disease and encephalitis of birds. In some of the
      chicks there were hyperemia of the lungs, trachea, and intestins as well as
      necrotic foci in the liver.

PMID- 179191
TI  - [Study of the indirect complement fixation test for use in the differentiation of
      foot-and-mouth disease viruses and the determination of immunity].
AB  - Studies were carried out to establish the optimal conditions for the indirect
      complement-fixation test (ICFT) and explore the possibility to use the test in
      differentiating the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viruses and checking the
      immunity obtained in survivals or in animals that had been vaccinated against
      FMD. It was demonstrated that the proper use of ICFT necessitates in turn the use
      of a minimal amount of antigen, which in the presence of 1-2 E homologous
      hyperimmune serum completely binds the 1 E complement. Results showed that the
      sera of survived or vaccinated animals contain specific antibodies of titers of
      1:4 up to 1:256. The latter depended on the type of vaccine, the amount of
      antigen in the vaccinal dose, and the time period from the immunization or
      survival up to the time of taking the serum samples. It is pointed out that ICFT
      is a sensitive and specific method for the differentiation of FMD viruses and the
      study of animals' immunity against FMD.

PMID- 179192
TI  - [Use of temperature, trypsin and biological tests for the intraspecies
      differentiation of local strains of Aujeszky's disease virus].
AB  - Studies were carried out with 8 strains of Aujeszky's disease virus using a
      temperature test (50 degrees C for 1 hour), a trypsin test (0.5 mg per cu. cm at
      37 degrees C 1 hour), and a biologic test. The strains were isolated from the
      brain of dead pigs that have presumably been affected with encephalitis. They
      proved sensitive when studied with the temperature and the trypsin tests sharply
      lowering their titer. The viruses isolated from pneumonic foci in the lungs of
      pigs in which the disease had assumed a chronic course turned out to be
      considerably more resistant with the use of the two tests. The vaccinal strain MK
      was shown to be the most resistant in all tests. Comparable results were obtained
      also with the study of the viruses employing a modified test with young albino
      mice weighing 7-8 grams. The cerebral inoculation of the viruses aimed in this
      case at establishing the intracerebral pathogenetic index (IPI). Test rabbits
      were also used for the same purpose. The virulent strains had correspondingly a
      shorter incubation period and in rabbits there was a well pronounced clinical
      course, the IPI value being higher than 1.50. To latent viruses the rabbits
      responded with a protracted clinical course, and IPI ranged between 0.20 and
      0.95.

PMID- 179193
TI  - [Hepatoma in artificially raised trout].
AB  - Cases were described of a hepatoma in the liver of trout, Salmo irideus, Gibb.,
      originating from three fish-breeding farms in the district of Sofia.
      Histologically, three were tumor cells arranged in the form of trabeculae and
      paths or distributed focally. The tumorous growths had trabeculous, more rarely
      alveolar structure. Some of the neoplasms had carcinomatous character. The tumor
      stroma had weakly developed, however, in some parts three was rich fibrous
      stroma, and the gross appearance resembled fibroadenoma. Infiltrative growth was
      also observed. It is concluded that the hepatoma observed in poikilothermic
      animals (rainbow trout) is similar to the liver tumors found in birds and
      mammals.

PMID- 179194
TI  - Multiple hepatocellular tumours in a patient treated with oral contraceptives.
AB  - A case of multiple hepatic tumours in a patient treated for four years with high
      doses of oral contraceptives is described. Solitary hepatocellular lesions
      associated with conventional doses of oral contraceptives have been reported
      previously in twenty nine cases. Haemorrhage has been a common mode of
      presentation and is attributed to the marked vascularity of the lesions, an
      appearance referred to as peliosis hepatis. Radiographic studies show this term
      to be inappropriate as the vessels are of arterial origin. Another finding not
      previously reported is the presence of diffuse hyperplasia in the non-tumourous
      parts of the liver.

PMID- 179195
TI  - Ultrastructure of tubular inclusions in endothelial cells of pituitary tumors
      associated with acromegaly.
AB  - Tubular inclusions were present in 13 out of 43 pituitary adenomas of acromegalic
      patients and in a single chromophobe pituitary adenoma. There were none in 76
      other pituitary adenomas with differing endocrinological symptomatology. The
      arrays were usually located in the perinuclear cistern of capillary endothelial
      cells. The tubule diameter in osmium fixed material measured 19-26 nm and the
      light core averaged 6-11 nm. A longitudinal period of about 4.5 nm could be
      demonstrated with PTA block staining. Fixation with glutaraldehyde and block
      staining with ethidium bromide as well as permanganate fixation followed by RNAse
      treatment showed only the core of the tubules consisting of globular subunits.
      Several histochemical reactions (perchloric acid extraction, methenamine-silver
      staining, trypsin and DNAse digestion of frozen sections) suggested that the
      particles consist of a core of DNA coated with protein. No virus multiplication
      could be detected in cell cultures or in mice innoculated with fresh tumor
      material. No significant antibody titers against several virus antigens could be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 179196
TI  - [Central giant cell granuloma: histochemical and ultrastructural study on its
      histogenesis (author's transl)].
AB  - Until now numerous studies on central giant cell granuloma of jawbones have not
      been able to reveal the histogenesis of this tumourlike lesion. The aim of the
      present investigation in two surgically proven cases was to study this question
      by means of histochemical and electron-microscopic methods. Rather similar
      histochemical properties were shown in giant cells and pericytes of capillary
      sproute penetrating the granuloma. Cell fusion occurred between both cell types
      as was observed by electron microscopy. The process of cell fusion is defined by
      characteristic interdigitations of cell membranes. Therefore pericytes are
      believed to be the stem cells of multinucleated giant cells in giant cell
      granuloma. The abundance of giant cells usually occurring in the granuloma might
      be explained by plenty of capillary sprouts made up by clusters of pericytes. The
      factors inducing the pericytic cell fusion process are still unknown. The
      question arises whether cytogenesis of giant cells in giant cell granuloma might
      be similar in other giant cell lesions or even in the development of
      multinucleated osteoclasts.

PMID- 179197
TI  - Pituitary growth hormone and somatotrophs in rats bearing chemically induced
      hepatomas.
AB  - Measurement of pituitary growth hormone (GH) content by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that rats bearing diethylnitrosamine (DENA) induced
      hepatomas contained significantly less GH than age-related controls. Light
      microscopy of these pituitaries revealed many apparently dying somatotrophs in
      tumour bearing rats. By electron microscopy the somatotrophs of DENA hepatoma
      rats were relatively inactive and some clearly dying, which could account for the
      reduced hormone content. However, electron microscopy of somatotrophs of rats
      with 2-acetyl-aminofluorene (2-AAF) hepatic tumour nodules revealed many very
      active cells with greatly increased content of free ribosomes and many granules
      poised for imminent release. Other somatotrophs of these rats showed lysosomal
      activity indicating reduced secretion after an active phase.

PMID- 179198
TI  - Structure of the Mengo virion. IV. Amino- and carboxyl-terminal analyses of the
      major capsid polypeptides.

PMID- 179199
TI  - Membrane (M) protein of HVJ (Sendai virus): its role in virus assembly.

PMID- 179200
TI  - Investigation of the structure of polio- and human rhinovirions through the use
      of selective chemical reactivity.

PMID- 179202
TI  - The nature of the RNA products synthesized in vitro by subviral components of
      visicular stomatitis virus.

PMID- 179203
TI  - Characterization of supercoiled oligomeric SV40 DNA molecules in productively
      infected cells.

PMID- 179201
TI  - Control of vesicular stomatitis virus protein synthesis.

PMID- 179204
TI  - Synthesis of herpes simplex virus-specified RNA by an RNA polymerase II in
      isolated nuclei in vitro.

PMID- 179205
TI  - Growth stimulation of chicl embryo neuroretinal cells infected with Rous sarcoma
      virus: relationship to viral replication and morphological transformation.

PMID- 179206
TI  - Inactivation of murine xenotropic oncornavirus by normal mouse sera is not
      immunoglobulin-mediated.

PMID- 179207
TI  - Inhibition of productive replication of Epstein-Barr virus DNA by phosphonoacetic
      acid.

PMID- 179208
TI  - Viral RNA in the cytoplasm of SV40-transformed mouse cells: post-transcriptional
      processing.

PMID- 179209
TI  - [Analysis of low-titer antibody against swine vesicular disease virus produced in
      swine in the field with special reference to the relationship between this virus
      and coxsackie B type 5 virus (author's transl)].

PMID- 179210
TI  - [Host-induced modification of hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ, Sendai virus)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 179211
TI  - [Conservative treatment of diseases of the tear sac and nasolacrimal canal (a
      review of the literature)].

PMID- 179212
TI  - [Correlation between immunological reactivity and the fat-carbohydrate
      metabolism. Influence of phenformin].
AB  - Based on the conceptions of the relationship between energy and adaptation
      immunological systems a number of hormone-metabolic indices were compared with
      immune reactivity as evidenced by skin tests and rosette-formation reaction. It
      is shown that lowering of immunological indices in oncological patients is
      associated with a decreased sensitivity of dexametasone suppression of cortisol,
      an increased concentration of 11-oxycorticosteroids in blood, a higher level of
      triglycerides, cholestrol, beta-lipoproteins and less glucose tolerance. The use
      of phenformin during 3 months in patients with atherosclerosis resulted in a
      considerable increase of the index of phytohemagglutinin stimulated
      blasttransformation of lymphocytes and rosette-formation reaction. This effect
      was associated with normalization of lipid metabolism indices.

PMID- 179213
TI  - [Hematopoiesis in children with retroperitoneal neurogenic tumors].
AB  - Under observation were 140 children with retroperitoneal neurogenic tumors. In 69
      of 125 patients with malignant neoplasms metastases were detected. Hemographic
      and myelographic findings were analysed depending on the degree of malignancy and
      tumor spread. Anemia usually moderate and normochromatic was observed only in
      neuroblastomas. This group of patients is also characterized by frequent shifts
      to the left leucograms and high sedimentation test, contrary to benigh tumors.
      The investigation of bone marrow allows one to reveal the suppression, and more
      rarely irritation of various blood stems.

PMID- 179214
TI  - [Inhibiting action of BCG vaccine on the postoperative metastases of
      transplantable mouse hepatoma].

PMID- 179216
TI  - [Localization of genome RNA synthesis in Sendai virus].
AB  - Localization of Sendai virus 50S RNA in Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells was
      studied. At 48 hours postinfection virus-specific 50S RNA was found in the
      nucleus after 30 min exposure to 3H-uridine, and its amount increased after 1
      hour exposure to the precursor reaching 18% of the total nucleus virus-specific
      RNA. After 2-hour or longer exposure to the precursor the amount of 50S RNA in
      the nuclei decreased considerably and in the cytoplasm in this gradient region a
      considerable radioactivity appeared. Rapid utilization of 3H-uridine by the cells
      under these experimental conditions suggests that 50S RNA is synthesized in the
      nucleus and migrates to the cytoplasm.

PMID- 179215
TI  - [Clinical aspects of nervous system disorders in association with viral antigens
      and meningococcus in the cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 179217
TI  - [Generalized monkeypox in orally infected rabbits and white mice].
AB  - In the past 5 years 17 human cases of monkeypox with 4 deaths were reported in
      African countries. The source and the mechanism of transmission of the infection
      are unknown. One of the possible modes of human infection could be through monkey
      meat used for food. The paper presents the results of the study of susceptibility
      of 4 species of laboratory animals to monkeypox virus given orally. Adult
      rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters were found to be resistant. Ten-day-old
      rabbits and 8-, 10- and 12-day-old mice developed generalized infection with
      eruptions and high lethality. The infection was transmitted to uninfected rabbits
      of the same litter, apparently by air-borne droplet mode. The obtained model of
      generalized monkeypox infection after per os administration of the virus and the
      fact of air-borne droplet transmission of infection may serve as indirect
      evidence of the possibility of transmission of the infection by this mode in
      nature.

PMID- 179218
TI  - [Nature of membrane cellular antigens induced by avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses].
AB  - Using the immunofluorescent procedure and cross adsorption tests it was
      established that the common membrane cellular antigen coded for by avian sarcoma
      leukemia virus genome could be found not only in Rous tumours of different animal
      classes but also in normal chick embryo cells after their propagation in vitro.
      The nature and function of the discovered antigen are discussed.

PMID- 179220
TI  - [Scintigraphy of the pancreas in insuloma].
AB  - The results from the scintigraphic investigations of 28 patients are analyzed. In
      11 o them-comparative observations are carried out between the scintigraphic and
      operative data, revealing a complete coincidence. Focal changes are predominantly
      observed in the scintigraphic image of pancreas-75 per cent in insuloma disease.
      Pancreas scintigraphy has a leading role in insuloma disease diagnosis.

PMID- 179219
TI  - [Study of tissue culture herpes vaccine].
AB  - Features of propagation of 4 herpes simplex virus strains and their biological
      properties in the course of passages in chick embryo fibroblast cultures were
      studied. Investigations of experimental formalin-inactivated polyvaccine in
      animals and in trials in volunteers, patients with relapsing herpes, established
      its safety and sufficient effectiveness.

PMID- 179221
TI  - [Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the thrombocytes in healthy persons and in
      blast leukosis patients].

PMID- 179222
TI  - [Isocyanate poisoning].

PMID- 179223
TI  - [Cancer chemotherapy of inoperable bronchial carcinomas (author's transl)].
AB  - The nowadays' therapeutic results in bronchogenic cancer are rather poor.
      However, chemotherapy-promises some improvements in remission rates and survival.
      These results are achievable as well as by mono and by polychemotherapy. The
      current clinical studies are aimed at optimal application regimes of the drugs
      beeing at hand. Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate and Adriamycin are the most
      effective drugs for montherapy. Alkylants and Methotrexate are especially
      effective in the oat cell carcinomas. Many cases seem to be more benefited by
      polychemotherapy than by monotherapy. However, a randomized clinical trial is
      presented which shows that a montherapy with Adriamycin gave the same results as
      polychemotherapy. In the case of bronchogenic carcinoma a simultaneously given
      polychemotherapy is more effective than a sequentially given one. Novel
      approaches aiming at further improvement of therapeutic results should more
      consider individual tumour-biological parameters of the tumour-host relationships
      and possbilities of pharmacological influences upon hemostasis, tumour
      vascularisation and immunological defense system.

PMID- 179224
TI  - [Cell-culture-tests (oncobiograms) in 105 bronchial carcinomas (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Thirty-six oncobiograms (cell culture tests) of bronchial carcinomas are
      reported. One hundred forty-eight single tests showed a predominant cytostatic
      sensibility of the different squamous cell carcinomas and alluded to a special
      effectiveness of the alkylating chemotherapeutical agents, so that the
      oncobiogram may be able at the same time to support the polychemotherapy to day
      discussed and realized in all special branches.

PMID- 179225
TI  - [Difficulties with diagnosis of intrathoracic neurogenic tumors (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 58 patients have been operated for neurogenic tumors of the mediastinum.
      Diagnostic problems are discussed. Some rare cases are presented: a neurofibroma
      of the n. vagus with mediastinal localization, a cavernous hemangioma, a
      leiomyoma and a fibrosarcoma; all of these imitating typical neurogenic tumors.
      The patient with the fibrosarcoma had several operations for recurrence of the
      histologically benign neurofibroma and died 4 years later of generalized
      fibrosarcoma. Because of this possible histological error all seemingly benign
      neurogenic tumors should be removed early.

PMID- 179226
TI  - [Biologic factors and malignancy in mediastinal neoplasms (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical and histological diagnosis of mediastinal tumors has to be completed
      with an appreciation of the biological relationship between the tumor and its
      host. This is most important for neurogenic and thymic tumors. Successful removal
      is sometimes possible even after a long time of observation. Auxillary use of
      radiation and cystostatics is recommended.

PMID- 179228
TI  - [Use of the immunofluorescence test as a rapid diagnostic technic in influenza].

PMID- 179227
TI  - [The reaction of the secretory elements of the mucosa of the upper respiratory
      tract from physiological and pathophysiological aspects (author's transl)].
AB  - The main function of the secretory elements of the mucosa of the upper
      respiratory tract - endoepithelial beaker cells and complex glands,
      exoepithelially situated - is surface defense. From this point of view ciliary
      system and secretion form a functional unit. Disorders of the synergism of the
      components may irreversible change the structure of the mucosa as demonstrated
      e.g. by the chronic forms of inflammation, when the limits of compensation are
      exceeded. The interrelation between epithelium and lamina propria are explained
      on the basis of histochemical evidence from normal and pathological mucosa of the
      upper respiratory tract. The metabolic processes between the vascular system and
      the cells form the basis of the normal as well as pathological secretion of the
      mucosa.

PMID- 179229
TI  - [Early IgM decrease in the serum of carcinoma patients with paraneoplastic skin
      manifestations].
AB  - The authors describe two patients suffering from cancer accompanied with
      paraneoplastic skin disorders (bullous pemphigoid, dermatomyositis). Before the
      diagnosis of stomach cancer was obtained by X-ray examination, the IgM-level was
      found lower than in normal persons. The value of the IgM-estimation in the serum
      seems to be high in the diagnosis of tumours. Other causes of the decreased IgM
      level than tumours and paraneoplastic disorders of the skin were not found.

PMID- 179230
TI  - [Recurrent neonatal herpetic infection: isolation of Herpes simplex virus type
      2].

PMID- 179231
TI  - [Results of treatment with the Herpes simplex antigen Lupidon H, resp. Lupidon
      G].
AB  - The results of treatment with LUPIDON achieved by 215 dermatologists with
      reference to a total number of 1059 cases are reported taking into account the
      controlled evaluation of questionnaires. Due to the considerable number of
      patients and physicians involved in this clinical investigation the
      presuppositions for objectiveness in respect of statistical evaluation were
      especially favourable. The results of treatment with LUPIDON--LUPIDON H and
      LUPIDON G proved to be of equal effectiveness--can be denoted as very positive
      because of the good or very good effects that could be observed in more than 80%
      of all the cases concerned. Such a therapeutically favourable result refers
      primarily to Herpes labialis, Herpes genitalis and Herpes eruptions infesting
      trunk and head; other types of herpes disease, for example Herpes glutealis or
      stomatitis aphthosa were only improved to about 60%. The compatability of LUPIDON
      was striking. The rate of side-effects was at 3%. Moreover, other series of data
      are given with the intention to inform about criteria such as: Frequency of
      localisations with regard to Herpes simplex diseases; distribution according to
      sex of patients being suffering from Herpes labialis and Herpes genitalis;
      distribution according to age; duration of Herpes simplex before starting a
      treatment with LUPIDON; accompanying skin diseases.

PMID- 179233
TI  - Spectrometric and biological data of 1, N6-ethenoadenosine 3', 5'-cyclic
      monophosphate.
AB  - Spectroscopic properties of 1, N6-ethenoadenosine cyclic 3', 5'-monophosphate
      were studied and compared with cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate. Date of
      nuclear magnetic resonance-, mass-, ultraviolet-, and fluorescence spectroscopy
      were given. Additionally biochemical activity was tested in protein kinase system
      of beef adrenals. No significant biological difference between cyclic adenosine
      3', 5'-monophosphate and its fluorescent analog has been found.

PMID- 179232
TI  - [Knotty reticulosis with keloid formation].

PMID- 179235
TI  - [Moebius' syndrome and Poland's anomaly (author's transl)].
AB  - The syndrome of Moebius and Poland's anomaly have some features in common. The
      malformations of the limbs-especially those of the fingers (brady-, syn-,
      symbrachydactyly)-are identical in both disorders. Hypoplasia of the m.
      pectoralis major, characteristic for Poland's anomaly, may accompany Moebius'
      syndrome and cerebral nerve pareses may be associated with Poland's anomaly, thus
      distinction between the two disorders may be impossible. Both disorders affect
      the embryo at the same gestational age and the causative factor is unknown in
      either of them. Simultaneous evaluation of findings observed in patients
      suffering of either condition should be performed to elucidate pathogenesis and
      aetiology.

PMID- 179234
TI  - Mixed monomolecular films of chlorophyll and cytochromes.
AB  - Mixed monomolecular films of cytochrome (Cyt) and chlorophyll (Chl) were spread
      at a nitrogen-water interface. A large interaction is observed between reduced
      Cyt f and Chl a in a mixed film. Oxidized Cyt f and Chl a in a mixed film show
      little evidence for interaction. Mixed monomolecular films of Chl a with either
      reduced or oxidized Cyt c appears to result in denaturation of the protein at the
      surface. A light reaction is observed only in mixed films of reduced Cy f and Chl
      a.

PMID- 179236
TI  - [Biochemistry of the preimplantation stages of mammalian development].

PMID- 179237
TI  - [Non-mitochondrial DNA in cytoplasm].

PMID- 179238
TI  - [Molecular aspects of the formation of mitochondrial membranes].

PMID- 179239
TI  - [Incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 179240
TI  - [Studies with 14C-cholesterol in homozygotic hyperlipemia type IIa].

PMID- 179241
TI  - [Diurnal changes in lipoproteins in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IV].

PMID- 179242
TI  - [Hypertriglyceridemia in rats following glucose infusion--an animal experiment
      model for the study of type IV hyperlipemia pathogenesis].

PMID- 179243
TI  - [Effect of isoproterenol on lipolysis and cAMP concentration in peripheral
      skeletal muscles of the rat].

PMID- 179244
TI  - [Characteristic lipoprotein changes in hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 179245
TI  - [Health aspects of the study of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus as a natural factor in
      the self-purification of reservoirs].

PMID- 179247
TI  - [Mitotic activity of cells in experimental neoplasms and their metastases].

PMID- 179246
TI  - [Outlook for the clinical and experimental application of radioimmunoassay and
      competitive binding methods to the determination of hormone levels].

PMID- 179248
TI  - [Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, caused by herpes simplex virus,
      urogenital infection and their combinations].

PMID- 179249
TI  - [On the determination of coffeine in soft drinks and coffeine-containing food
      preparations (author's transl)].
AB  - The recently proposed spectroscopical determination of coffeine in soft drinks
      after filtration of polyamide leads to higher coffeine values than originally
      present, due to substances absorbed by the UV light. Therefore a method is
      proposed for identification and quantitative determination of coffeine in soft
      drinks and in methanol extracts of coffeine-containing foods by column
      chromatography on silical gel.

PMID- 179250
TI  - [Light and electron microscopie examination of a case of primary liver carcinoma
      in an infant (author's transl)].
AB  - The course of an infantial liver carcinoma is reported. Two liver biopsies and
      autopsy material were studied by light- and electron microscope. The histological
      findings and the clinical data are discussed. The first biopsy taken from the
      liver showed glycogen storage within the hepatic cells. It is suggested that this
      phenomenon is consistent with the preblastomatous stage of the liver cells. This
      fact is supported also by experimental way. The detection of this glycogen
      storage could be used as an early sign of the liver cancer in childhood, and
      might stress an early surgical intervention.

PMID- 179251
TI  - [Medical evaluation and rehabilitation following intensive therapy of malignomas
      in the female genitalia and breast].
AB  - The selective therapy of malignant tumours of the female genital tract has led to
      the abandonment of radical procedures in the treatment of early stages of
      carcinomas. The histological diagnosis, including tumour localisation, tumour
      grading, applied therapy, early and late complications are criterion to be taken
      into consideration in laying down the degree of infirmity. In the light of
      functional gynaecology, principles for such patients care are laid down, taking
      into account the time of disablement as well as problems of rehabilitation, not
      only for patients with malignant tumours of the female genitals but for those
      with mammary tumours as well.

PMID- 179252
TI  - [Effects of estrogenic hormones on blood lipids].
AB  - The authors have followed the effects of application of the deposit
      estradiolbenzoat on the blood lipides level of women at the beginning of
      menopause and women with arteriosclerosis. They have registered a moderate drop
      of the concentration of cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, and slight changes of the
      non-esterified fatty acids level. Women using contraceptive hormonal mixtures
      were found with higher level of cholesterol in the blood serum than those being
      watched. The application of a single dose of androgen did not have any
      substantial effects on the blood lipides level.

PMID- 179253
TI  - [In vitro studies of the antiviral activity of enzymatically oxidized o
      diphenolic compounds against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Oxidation of the o-diphenolic compounds, catechol, protocatechuic acid, caffeic
      acid, and chlorogenic acid by o-diphenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) resulted in
      compounds with antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. In
      the system HSV-1/rabbit kidney primary cells, a 90 per cent plaque reduction was
      obtained by the oxidation product from 1 mug caffeic acid, 9 mug catechol, 13 mug
      chlorogenic acid, or 20 mug protocatechuic acid (per ml), respectively. In
      comparision to the basic compounds or those oxidized in the presence of bovine
      serum albumin, the inhibitory effect of oxidized o-diphenolic compounds free from
      albumin was higher. From the basic o-diphenolic compounds, only catechol and
      caffeic acid showed remarkable antiviral activities in the system investigated.
      Although there have not experiments on the mechanism of action yet been the
      compounds are supposed to act during the earliest phases of the HSV
      multiplication, because o-diphenolic compounds had been found to be present in
      the virus-cell system only 90 minutes after infection. In this respect the
      substances were similar to those of humic acids which also inhibit the adsorption
      phase of herpes simplex virus. There were no essential differences between herpes
      simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in respect of their sensitivity to enzymatically
      oxidized o-diphenolic compounds.

PMID- 179254
TI  - [About the influence of beta-toxin of Clostridium perfringens (type C) on the
      motorics of intestine segments (in vitro). I. Communication].
AB  - The Beta-Toxin of Clostridium perfringens (Type C) was introduced intra lumen to
      jejunum and ileum segments of rabbits, then examined by pharmacologic method (in
      vitro). The Beta-Toxin showed a paralysing activity on the motorics of the
      intestine which fact may be in relation to the paralysing activity of this toxin
      in dysenteria in piglets.

PMID- 179255
TI  - Herpesvirus in bladder cancer.
AB  - A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in which herpesvirus
      virions could be identified by electron microscopy is presented. The value of
      cytology in the recognition of the typical intranuclear inclusions which led to
      the initiation of further studies is emphasized. Recent evidence concerning the
      relationship between herpesviruses and human cancer is briefly reviewed. Although
      previous reports have emphasized the association of HSV and uterine cervical
      carcinoma, other combinations, especially with neoplasms of squamous cell type,
      have been reported. The accumulation of additional cases in which viruses can be
      demonstrated in cancers will help to define their role in human neoplasia.

PMID- 179256
TI  - Drug controlled of Cushing's syndrome. Combined aminoglutethimide and metyrapone
      therapy.
AB  - Eighteen patients with Cushing's syndrome (16 pituitary-dependent Cushing's
      disease, 1 ectopic ACTH syndrome, 1 primary adrenal adenoma) were given a
      combination of aminoglutethimide and metyrapone, with the object of controlling
      cortisol overproduction using less toxic doses than would be required with each
      drug alone. A preliminary trial of this combination using doses of
      aminoglutethimide of 1 g or more a day was assessed over 2 weeks. Control of
      cortisol overproduction and clinical improvement was achieved but side effects
      led to withdrawal of the drugs in 6 out of the 12 patients. A lower dose trial of
      this combination over 2 weeks, using 750 mg/day of aminoglutethimide also
      controlled cortisol overproduction and side effects led to drug withdrawal in
      only 2 out of 6 patients. Four of these patients were successfully controlled
      with even lower doses (500-750 mg/day of aminoglutethimide) for longer periods
      (26 days-1 year). This low regimen which consists of aminoglutethimide 500-750 mg
      daily, metyrapone 2 g daily, dexamethasone 0.5 mg b.d. and fludrocortisone 0.1 mg
      daily, is useful for preparing patients for operative treatments and may be used
      as a long-term treatment of milder cases.

PMID- 179257
TI  - Evidence for the adrenal source of androgens in precocious adrenarche.
AB  - In order to determine the source of androgens in precocious adrenarche, serum
      androgens were determined in 8 girls with precocious adrenarche and 5 agonadal
      children in adrenarche under conditions of adrenal and gonadal stimulation and
      suppression. All androgens increased with ACTH stimulation in both groups.
      Stimulability of serum androgens in girls with precocious adrenarche with ACTH
      was more consistent than in 13 prepubertal children. Human chorionic
      gonadotrophin administration increased serum delta4-androstenedione, testosterone
      and dihydrotestosterone in the girls with precocious adrenarche but not in the
      agonadal children, demonstrating the failure of HCG to stimulate adrenals.
      Dexamethasone suppression decreased levels of all androgens in both groups,
      whereas Norlutin or Ovral produced variable changes. These studies support the
      adrenal origin of androgens in precocious adrenarche and the lack of ovarian
      contributions in this condition.

PMID- 179259
TI  - The response of the immature rat ovary to gonadotrophins: acute changes in cyclic
      AMP, progesteron, testosteron, androstenedione and oestradiol after treatment
      with PMS or FSH + LH.
AB  - Radioimmunoassays were used to measure changes in progesterone, testosterone,
      androstenedione, oestradiol, gonadotrophin and ovarian cyclic AMP in immature
      female rats during the first 24 h after exposure to slowly (PMS) or rapidly (FSH
      + LH) disappearing gonadotrophins. Cyclic AMP was increased 30 min after
      injection of either kind of gonadotrophin but it had returned to control level
      within 4 h. Serum and ovarian testosterone and androstenedione also increased to
      a peak at 30 min but decreased to base line by the 4th h. Multiple injections of
      FSH + LH maintained an elevated serum testosterone level but they had little
      effect upon the secretion of androstenedione. Serum and ovarian progesterone
      increased quickly after treatment with gonadotrophin. With PMS the peak in the
      serum was reached at 8 h, it remained high for 4 h and then fell precipitously
      between the 12th and 16th h. FSH + LH produced a prompt increase in serum
      progesterone but the level could be maintained only by repeated doses given every
      4 h. Oestradiol was not increased in the serum or the ovot produce an increase in
      oestrogen but a transient increase was found with 3 doses; 4 doses kept an
      elevated level of oestradiol for 12 h. These results indicate that the
      aromatizing system of the immature rat ovary is relatively inactive and that
      continual stimulation by gonadotrophin for about 10-12 h is necessary to bring
      about increased function. In contrast, the mechanisms for the synthesis and
      secretion of progesterone and androgens are vary active and can be immediately
      stimulated by exposure to gonadotrophins.

PMID- 179258
TI  - Ovarian biochemical competence following gonadotrophic deprivation from birth.
AB  - Normal ovarian morphogenesis is impaired by the absence of gonadotrophic hormones
      from birth. In the present study, the following question was asked: Does
      gonadotrophic deprivation also affect ovarian biochemical competence? Newborn
      mice were treated daily with an antiserum neutralizing endogenous circulating
      gonadotrophins. At the age of 14 days, ovaries from these mice and control
      littermates were incubated in the presence and absence of gonadotrophic
      preparations; cAMP and lactic acid levels were then measured in tissue and
      incubation medium. Ovaries from anti-gonadotrophin treated and control mice had
      the same basal levels, per mg tissue, of cAMP and lactic acid. Moreover, the
      levels increased to approximately the same extent following in vitro
      gonadotrophic stimulation: an increase in cAMP of 8-10-fold (using a preparation
      with an hLH:hFSH ratio of 1:1) or 2 1/2-fold (using a preparation with an
      hLH:hFSH ratio of 1:5), and about a 2-fold increase in lactic acid (using oLH).
      The acute effect of gonadotrophins on ovarian glycolysis, reported up till now
      only in the rat ovary, is the first such demonstration in mice. The results also
      indicate that despite impaired morphogenesis, the enzymatic systems necessary for
      ovarian glycolysis (as measured by lactic acid production) and cAMP formation can
      develop without gonadotrophic participation. Furthermore, ovarian capacity to
      respond to hormonal stimulation is acquired post-natally, as shown by
      refractoriness to gonadotrophic stimulation during the first week of life.
      Finally, post-natal gonadotrophic exposure does not seem an essential
      requirement, at least as measured by the above parameters, for acquiring ovarian
      competence to respond to hormonal stimulation.

PMID- 179260
TI  - Alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes in cirrhosis and hepatoma.
AB  - The phenotypic distribution of alpha-1-antitrypsin variants has been studied in
      101 patients with cirrhosis and in 50 with cirrhosis plus hepatoma. 504 healthy
      Greeks served as controls. The ZZ and MZ phenotypes were found only once in the
      group of cirrhosis. The very low PiZ gene frequency suggests that the association
      of PiZ gene with cirrhosis is fortuitous. The FM phenotype has been observed in
      14% of patients with hepatoma arised on cirrhosis and this incidence differed
      significantly between the two groups of patients and the controls. It is possible
      that cirrhotic patients phenotypically FM develop for as yet unknown reasons
      hepatoma in high percentage.

PMID- 179261
TI  - [Histochemical and histological studies on the vagina of pigs with in various
      phases of the estrus cycle (author's transl)].
AB  - During estrus (1st day) the vaginal epithelium is highly proliferated; its
      thickness amounts up to 20 cell layers and even more. During metestrus (3rd day)
      the epithelium measures 12 to 15 layers due to degeneration and desquamation.
      During diestrus a further decrease in height is noticed. During late diestrus
      (16th day) the epithelium reaches its minimal height with 3 to 5 layers. The
      stratum superficiale consists during this phase of tall columnar cells. Starting
      from day 18 proliferation begins again. During all phases of the genital cycle
      the presence of infiltrated leucocytes is highest during middle and late
      diestrus. Leucocytes are easily recognized by their strong reaction for alkaline
      phosphatase whereas the epithelium proper remains negative. Mucification in the
      porcine vaginal epithelium is but moderate. Mucous substances occupy from from
      proestrus to early diestrus the intercellular gaps in the adluminal half of the
      epithelium. During middle and late diestrus mucous substances are localized in
      the supranuclear region of the superficial columnar cells. Histochemical tests
      for enzymes of oxidative pathways give relatively uniform and weak results during
      the entire cycle. Fluctuations of epithelial esterase activity may be correlated
      with phases of proliferation and differentiation.

PMID- 179262
TI  - [Effect of phenobarbital stimulation on morphological and cytoenzymatic changes
      in the liver of benzene intoxicated rats (author's transl)].
AB  - The experiments were carried out on male Wistar-Rats. They were divided into 2
      groups. The rats of the control groups were treated to Phenobarbital
      intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days. The animals of the experimental group
      were additionaly injected with Benzen intraperitoneally on the 4th day of
      experiment. It has been found that Phenobarbital brought about the formation of 2
      types of bright and dark cells in the liver. The action of Phenobarbital is
      carried on by Benzene. The authors discuss morphological and functional
      evaluation of bright and dark cells from the point of view of stimulating action
      of Phenobarbital as well as the course of Benzene biotransformation in liver
      cells.

PMID- 179263
TI  - Parkinson's disease: distribution of Lewy bodies and monoamine neuron system.
AB  - A systematic study of the central and peripheral nervous systems in 3 cases of
      Parkinson's disease has demonstrated that Lewy bodies are present in 27 nuclei.
      Of these 20 nuclei (12 pigmented and 8 unpigmented) are involved in 2 or all 3
      cases. It is noticed that the distribution of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease
      described here corresponds surprisingly well to that of monoamine (dopamine,
      noradrenaline and serotonin) cell bodies demonstrated in rats by the
      histochemical fluorescence method. This correlation is similar to that of
      Alzheimer's neurofibillary changes in postencephalitic Parkinsonism as described
      by Ishii. Inasmuch as these viewpoints are also in agreement with preciously
      reported biochemical data on Parkinsonism, it is suggested that Parkinsonism
      (idiopathic and postencephalitic) should represent a system degeneration of
      monoamine neuron systems.

PMID- 179265
TI  - Inclusion bodies in brain cell cultures from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
AB  - Brain cell cultures were established from 20 patients with various forms of
      dementia and studied for evidence of virus induced alterations. Changes were
      detected in the cultured cells from 1 patient (L.C.) with the clinical and
      pathological diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. These changes were present
      in the early passages of the brain tissue and were not seen in the cultures from
      the other cases.

PMID- 179264
TI  - Retinal lipidosis in albino rats treated with chlorphentermine and with tricyclic
      antidepressants.
AB  - Retinal pigment epithelium is known to be engaged in continuous phagocytosis and
      digestion of old discs of visual cell outer segments, which have a high
      phospholipid content. The present ultrastructural study was focused mainly on the
      effects, upon pigment epithelium, of several drugs that are thought to interfere
      with the enzymatic degradation of phospholipids. Albino rats received high oral
      doses of chlorphentermine, iprindole, 1-chloroamitriptyline, imipramine, or
      clomipramine. After treatment for several weeks the pigment epithelial cells were
      doubled in height due to deposition of excessive amounts of abnormal cytoplasmic
      inclusions which had a crystalloid substructure. Such inclusions which are known
      from previous studies to be associated with drug-induced phospholipid storage are
      suggested to contain nondigestible phospholipids, which in pigment epithelium
      originate mainly from phagocytosed outer segment discs. The alterations were
      reversible by withdrawal of the drugs. The functional implications of the
      epithelial alterations remain to be elucidated. Additional examination of the
      neuroretina revealed numerous abnormal inclusions, mainly of multilamellated
      structure. Ganglion cells were affected most. The neuroretinal alterations were
      reminiscent of those described in human cases of inherited lipidoses.

PMID- 179266
TI  - Primary angle-closure glaucoma. Oculometry, epidemiology, and genetics in a high
      risk population.
AB  - The ocular dimensions in patients suffering from primary angle-closure glaucoma
      (a.c.g.) have been studied in several clinical series, chiefly in Caucasians. The
      epidemiology and aetiology of a.c.g. are less well known although genetic factors
      seem to be involved. Eskimos have recently been shown to constitute a high risk
      population with respect to a.c.g. Consequently, a series of oculometric,
      epidemiologic, and genetic studies among Greenland Eskimos was undertaken.
      Besides the immediate purpose, prevention of blindness in this population, the
      survey had important general aspects and the following main results were
      obtained: 1a) Ocular dimensions, as well as clinical symptoms, in Eskimo a.c.g.
      patients correspond closely to those of a.c.g. reports from other ethnic groups
      and 1b) ocular dimensions of the anterior segment in the general Eskimo
      population deviate conspicuously towards the low level characteristic of all
      samples of a.c.g. patients. 2) A.c.g. prevalence rates were estimated at 1.6% in
      males and 5.1% in females of the general population aged 40 years or more. The
      epidemiology of a.c.g. seems to reflect closely the variations of axial anterior
      chamber depth (ACD) according to race (Eskimo, Caucasian), sex and age. Empirical
      a.c.g. risk estimates, depending on the ACD value, were obtained in elderly
      females. 3) A relatively shallow chamber was found in 1st and 2nd degree
      relatives of a.c.g. patients, in close agreement with an earlier study in
      Caucasians (Tornquist 1953). However, also in the general Eskimo population a
      pronounced familial resemblance with respect to ACD and corneal diameter was
      found. Thus the family studies indicate that the size of the anterior chamber
      shows a mainly genetic determination, which probably constitutes the genetic
      basis of a.c.g. as well. With this background a hypothesis is discussed, which
      interprets the small anterior chambers in Eskimos as a result of genetic
      adaptation to arctic environment. Corneal protection may have been the
      significant advantage and the a.c.g. load in elderly persons a relatively less
      important cost.

PMID- 179267
TI  - Synovial sarcoma: a case report.
AB  - The case described, of a 40-year-old woman with a 26-year history of a chronic,
      non-specific knee disorder, is a rather typical example of synovial sarcoma,
      according to the information given by other authors over the past three to four
      decades. The diagnostic difficulties and failures are clearly illustrated. It
      must be emphasized that severe, obscure joint symptoms such as our patient
      presented over the many years before death should have led to a proper surgical
      exploration of the knee. Furthermore, it should be unnecessary to stress the
      importance of performing a histological examination whenever excising abnormal
      tissue.

PMID- 179268
TI  - Acute facial palsy. Some clinical and virological observations.
AB  - A prospective clinical and virological study on 44 patients with acute,
      peripheral facial paralysis was carried out in consecutive cases during one year.
      In 9 cases varicella-zoster infections were serologically established. In 5
      additional patients an associated varicella-zoster, or herpes simplex, infection
      was possible. Of the 9 confirmed cases, 6 were clinically diagnosed as zoster
      oticus, whereas on clinical grounds, 3 were regarded as Bell's palsy. No evidence
      was obtained of associated enterovirus, mumps, measles, cytomegalovirus, tick
      borne encephalitis virus, para-influenza virus, mononucleosis or Mycoplasma
      pneumoniae infection.

PMID- 179270
TI  - GH, ACTH, LH and FSH behaviour in the first seven days of life.
AB  - --43 neonates, born vaginally after spontaneous labor between the 38th and the
      42nd week of pregnancy, were examined. GH and ACTH levels were assayed in 14
      newborn infants. LH and FSH were determined in the remaining 29 patients (16 boys
      and 13 girls). Samples were collected from all infants for the assay of the above
      mentioned hormones at the 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th hour of life, then every day
      for 7 consecutive days. During the whole first week of life plasma GH gave values
      that were significantly higher than those found in subjects over four years of
      age. The highest mean value of plasma ACTH was found at the 2nd hour of life
      (162.2 +/- 34.1 pg/ml). Then, there is a significant fall in the hormone level
      beginning with the 12th hour (p less than 0.01). Minimum level was reached on the
      7th day. Plasma hCG-LH presents its maximum mean value at the 2nd hour, both in
      boys and girls (48.5 +/- 16.2 and 33.0 +/- 24.9 mU/ML, respectively). after this,
      plasma hCG-LH decreases progressively. No significant differences between the two
      sexes were found. Even though the mean values of plasma FSH do not change
      significantly during the whole test period, they do demonstrate a sex difference
      (significantly higher values in the females) from the fifth day afterwards.

PMID- 179269
TI  - Gluconeogenesis in infancy and childhood. III. Deficiency of the
      extramitochondrial form of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in a case of
      persistent neonatal hypoglycaemia.
AB  - A deficiency of extramitochondrial form of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase has been demonstrated in a boy with severe, persistent neonatal
      hypoglycaemia. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1.6-diphosphatase and
      pyruvate carboxylase were normal. The total activity of phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase was also normal, but the enzyme showed an abnormal subcellular
      distribution, virtually no activity being detected in the extramitochondrial
      fraction of a liver homogenate. The boy died at the age of 2 years 10 months.
      Autopsy revealed severe cerebral atrophy, atrophy of the optic nerve, and fatty
      infiltration of liver and kidney.

PMID- 179271
TI  - Neonatal hypertriglyceridemia: a new index of antepartum-intrapartum fetal
      stress?
AB  - The 95th percentile value of cord serum triglyceride concentration in 82
      consecutively live born infants was found to be 0.79 mmol/l. This level was
      arbitrarily used to define neonatal hypertriglyceridemia. A comparison between 78
      normotriglyceridemic and 61 hypertriglyceridemic newborn infants showed a
      significant association between elevated cord serum triglyceride concentration
      and insufficiency of the placenta, fetal bradycardia, meconium-stained amniotic
      fluid and one-minute Apgar score less than or equal to 7. A significantly (p less
      than 0.001) greater number of infants with one or several of these four factors,
      indicating antepartum and/or intrapartum fetal stress were found to be
      hypertriglyceridemic at birth. This finding suggests that estimation of cord
      serum triglyceride which is easy and inexpensive might be of value for a more
      complete evaluation of the newborn infant, and can serve as a supplement to the
      Apgar Score system.

PMID- 179273
TI  - Ceroid-like histiocytic granuloma of gall-bladder --a previously undescribed
      lesion--.
AB  - In the present study, 13 cases of a peculiar gall-bladder granuloma characterized
      by marked proliferation of ceroid-filled brown histiocytes were
      pathomorphologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally examined to define
      the pathologic features of such a lesion previously undescribed in the
      literature. The lesion grossly showed a granulomatous appearance of yellow brown
      to dark brown color developing in the wall of gall-bladder. Histologically, there
      was proliferation of histiocytes containing abundant brown pigment granules in
      their cytoplasm. The pigment granules proved to have staining characteristics
      closely resembling those of lipogenic ceroid-like pigment. Ultrastructurally,
      these granules showed membrane-bound, pleomorphic osmiophilic inclusions of
      heterogenous materials. With regard to the pathogenesis of this granuloma, it may
      be suggested that lipid components of bile juice, particularly unsaturated fatty
      acids and phospholipids, play an important role as a source of ceroidogenesis in
      the proliferating histiocytes.

PMID- 179272
TI  - Congenital hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency secondary to maternal
      hypoparathyroidism.
AB  - A new case of congenital hyperparathyroidism secondary to maternal
      hypoparathyroidism is described. Neonatal roentgenograms of the skeleton showed
      severe bone demineralisation and the distal metaphyses of the long bones were
      spread, frayed and cupped. Elevated levels of serum immunoreactive parathormone
      (iPTH) were found at the age of 41 days=270 mulEq/ml (Normal: less than 50
      mulEq/ml). A very low plasma 25-OH-D concentration (less than 4 ng/ml) was found
      at the same time in spite of previous administration of 600 units of vitamin D
      every day for 18 days and in spite of healing of the bone lesions. At the age of
      3 months, 15 mg of vitamin D was given orally: iPTH levels which remained high 3
      weeks before (210 mulEq/ml) were found to be normal one week after this vitamin D
      load (37 mulEq/ml). It is suggested that in congenital hyperparathyroidism
      secondary to maternal hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism increases the
      infants needs for vitamin D. This could result in a state of vitamin D deficiency
      which in turn would maintain the parathyroid hyperactivity.

PMID- 179274
TI  - An ultrastructural and histochemical study on bone lesions of Hand-Schuller
      Christian disease.
AB  - A correlated light microscopical, histochemical and ultrastructural study was
      made on bone lesions repeatedly biopsied from three patients with Hand-Schuller
      Christian disease. The histiocytic cells proliferating in the early lesions had a
      markedly indented nucleus and contained in their cytoplasm varying numbers of
      Langerhans cell granules and round or irregular-shaped lipid droplets.
      Histochemically, the lipid droplets were verified to the lipo-protein rich in
      fatty acids. Such histiocytic cells differ from highly phagocytic histiocytes or
      macrophages because of indistinct phagocytotic activity, and are regarded as a
      metabolic type of histiocytes. The late lesions were mostly dominated by a
      xanthogranulomatous tissue chiefly comprised of xanthoma cells and collagen
      fibers. The xanthoma cells were usually filled with numerous lipid vacuoles which
      were histochemically proved to mainly contain cholesterol. Almost all the
      xanthoma cells were closely attached to collagen fibers and often had well
      developed rough endoplasmic reticula. Ultrastructurally, it is suggested that the
      xanthoma cells are originated from fibroblasts or fibrocytes. As an important
      factor to induce proliferation and xanthoma cell transformation of fibroblasts in
      the late phase, the presence of such a lipoprotein produced in the histiocytic
      cells of the early phase is emphasized.

PMID- 179275
TI  - Letter: Translocation of proteins to adrenal mitochondria: a specific effect of
      ACTH.

PMID- 179276
TI  - Release of adenosine-like material from isolated perfused dog adipose tissue
      following sympathetic nerve stimulation and its inhibition by adrenergic alpha
      receptor blockade.
AB  - Following the intraarterial infusion of 3H-adenine to isolated perfused canine
      subcutaneous adipose tissue, its adenine nucleotides are labelled. A continuous
      release of radioactivity, comprised of non-nucleotide material, was observed. The
      rate of this release was markedly enhanced by sympathetic nerve stimulation. The
      major components of the enhanced release appeared to be inosine and adenosine.
      Adrenergic alpha-receptor blockade (phentolamine or Hydergin) abolished the
      enhanced nucleoside release, while glycerol release was enhanced. The release of
      radioactivity was decreased during mechanical blood flow reduction and enhanced
      afterwards. However, the magnitude of this enhancement of release after clamp was
      much less than following nerve stimulation. The results suggest that adenosine or
      a closely related compound is released from canine subcutaneous adipose tissue by
      sympathetic nerve stimulation and that the release is related to adrenergic alpha
      receptor stimulation. Since adenosine is a potent inhibitor of catecholamine
      induced lipolysis in this tissue the possibility of a regulatory role must be
      considered.

PMID- 179277
TI  - Convergence on interneurones mediating the reciprocal Ia inhibition of
      motoneurones. III. Effects from supraspinal pathways.
AB  - Supraspinal effects were investigated in interneurones identified as mediating
      the disynaptic reciprocal Ia inhibition of motoneurones (referred to as Ia
      inhibitory interneurones). It was revealed that volleys in the vestibulospinal
      tract may evoke mono- and disynaptic EPSPs in interneurones monosynaptically
      excited from extensor muscles, i.e. extensor coupled Ia inhibitory interneurones.
      Flexor coupled interneurones instead received disynaptic inhibition. Volleys in
      the rubrospinal tract evoked a dominating polysynaptic excitation, usually mixed
      with inhibition, in flexor as well as extensor coupled interneurones. Disynaptic
      rubrospinal EPSPs and IPSPs were also revealed. The pyramidal tract also gives
      rise to a dominating polysynaptic excitation, usually mixed with inhibition, in
      flexor as well as extensor coupled Ia inhibitory interneurones. Rubrospinal and
      pyramidal volleys were shown to facilitate transmission in various segmental
      reflex pathways to the Ia inhibitory interneurones. A detailed comparison reveals
      a striking parallelism of segmental and supraspinal effects on alpha-motoneurones
      and Ia inhibitory interneurones connected to the same muscles. This considerably
      strengthens the hypothesis of an "alpha-gamma-linkage in the reciprocal
      inhibition".

PMID- 179278
TI  - Effect of strength training on enzyme activities and fibre characteristics in
      human skeletal muscle.
AB  - Progressive strength training was performed 3 times a week for 8 weeks by 14 male
      students (19-31 yrs.). The training program consisted mainly of dynamic exercises
      for the leg extensors with maximal or close to maximal loads. The training caused
      significant improvements in dynamic and isometric strength. One repetition
      maximum in squats increased with 67%, Sargent jump with 22%, and maximal
      voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) with 13%, respectively. Body weight and leg
      muscle circumferences remained unchanged after training, whereas total body
      potassium, lean body mass and calculated total muscle mass increased, suggesting
      a change in body composition with training. Muscle biopsies were obtained from
      vastus lateralis for fibre analyses and determination of enzyme activities. There
      were no changes in muscle fibre composition or fibre area with training. The
      activities of Mg2+ stimulated ATPase, creatine phosphokinase and
      phosphofructokinase remained unchanged, whereas myokinase activity was increased
      after training from (1.41 to 1.52 moles x 10(-4) x g-1 x min-1, p less than
      0.05). After training significant correlations (p less than 0.01) were
      demonstrated between Mg2+ stimulated ATPase activity and % fast twitch fibres (%
      FT) (r = 0.67), as well as between myokinase activity and % FT (r = 0.86).

PMID- 179279
TI  - Mitochondrial cytochrome concentrations in rat heart and liver as a consequence
      of different hypoxic periods.
AB  - Rat heart and liver cytochrome concentrations were determined after three hypoxic
      conditions (atmospheric pressure 50.5 kPa, 40.8 kPa and 38.0 kPa) lasting one
      week and two weeks. The heart showed clear hypertrophy which was 38% in most
      severe hypoxia (38 kPa, 2 weeks). A small decline in the liver weight to body
      weight ratio was observed, this decrease being 21% in the most severe case.
      During the hypoxic periods the mitochondrial cytochrome concentration decreased.
      This phenomenon was more obvious when the degree of hypoxia was increased and
      more pronounced after 2 weeks than one week. The heart and liver showed quite
      similar patterns in this respect. In most severe hypoxia the decreases in the
      liver were 29% for cytochrome aa3, 30% for cytochrome b, 20% for cytochrome c and
      15% for cytochrome c1, with the concentrations expressed on mitochondrial protein
      basis. The corresponding values in the heart were 31%, 43%, 28%, and 22%. It can
      be concluded that in mammals the mitochondrial cytochrome content probably varies
      according to the amount of oxygen available.

PMID- 179280
TI  - Mechanical and metabolic effects of beta-receptor stimulators, the C-terminal
      octapeptide of cholecystokinin, and prostaglandin E2 on the isolated, depolarized
      sphincter of Oddi.
AB  - Similar to their actions on normally polarized, isolated sphincter of Oddi, the
      beta-receptor stimulators isoprenaline and tebutaline, and prostaglandin E2
      produced relaxation of the depolarized preparation. The relaxation was
      accompained by an increase in the intracellular content of cyclic AMP. In
      contrast to its relaxing effect on normally polarized sphincter preparations, the
      C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (C8-CCK) contracted or had no effect on
      the depolarized sphincter. There was no change or a small decrease in the content
      of cyclic AMP in the muscle. It is suggested that the relaxing effects of beta
      receptor stimulators and prostaglandin E2 on isolated sphinceter of Oddi, and the
      simultaneous increase in cyclic AMP-content are mediated processes independent of
      the electrical acitivty of the membrane. However, C8-CCK mediated relaxation and
      increase in cyclic AMP is dependent on the membrane potential.

PMID- 179281
TI  - Negative water balance induced by intracerebroventricular infusion of deuterium.

PMID- 179282
TI  - Effects of emulsified iodo-lipids. A toxicologic investigation in the rabbit.
AB  - Two different iodized oil emulsion have been intravascularly injected into
      rabbits, one with a particle size of 15 mum or more and one with a size of about
      1 mum. The effects of the emulsions have been evaluated on the brain, the heart,
      the kidney, the liver and the circulation. The reactions to the small particle
      emulsion was minor, especially if administered slowly. The injection site was of
      critical importance. The safest place for injection was the superior mesenteric
      artery. If supplied directly to the brain or the heart the emulsions were often
      deleterious, particularly the coarse one.

PMID- 179284
TI  - Electron microscopy of Rous sarcoma virus genome RNA and its heat-dissociated
      subunits.
AB  - Native and heat-treated RNAs from the purified Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous
      sarcoma virus (RSV) were fractionated by sucrose density gradients in the
      presence of ribonuclease inhibitor diethyl-pyrocarbonate and observed by electron
      microscopy. The structure of native 60-70S RNA was classified into two forms:
      tanglefolded type and linear type. In the tangle-folded type double stranded
      portions were observed in several sites. A high frequency of 60-70S RNA were 1.0
      mum and 3-3.5 mum in length. Molecules with length about 9mum were of the tangle
      folded type while molecules shorter than 6 mum were of the linear form. The
      structure of heat-treated RNA(30-40S) was linear with the most frequent length
      being 1-1.5 mum. These results indicate that native 60-70S RNA is folded with the
      total molecular length being in the order of 6 to 9 mum. Molecules about 3mum
      long are likely to be the main subunits of 60-70S RNA, and they are fragmented
      further into smaller subunits of about 1 mum length.

PMID- 179283
TI  - Whole-body autoradiography of 99Tcm-labelled pyrophosphate and related compounds
      in young rats.
AB  - The distribution of 99Tcm-labelled pyrophosphate in young rats was analysed by
      wholebody autoradiography and compared with those observed for 99Tcm
      pertechnetate, 32P-labelled pyrophosphate and 85Sr-chloride. 99Tcm-labelled
      pyrophosphate was rapidly accumulated in bone and dentine and was similar to 32P
      labelled pyrophosphate and 85Sr-chloride. The uptake of these substances in
      developing enamel was rather low in contrast to 99Tcm-pertechnetate, which had no
      affinity for bone.

PMID- 179285
TI  - Avian myeloblastosis virus-induced lymphosarcoma producing erythroblastic
      leucosis in chicks.
AB  - Acute myeloblastosis and several forms of tumor, including one case of
      lymphosarcoma occurred when avian myeloblastosis virus (BAI-A strain) was
      inoculated into newly hatched chicks (SPF). The homogenate of lymphosarcoma
      inoculated intraperitoneally into other newly hatched chicks induced a high
      incidence of erythroblastic leucosis. Electron microscopy did not reveal the
      presence of C-type virus particles in the tumor tissue. The relationship between
      avian myeloblastosis virus, lymphosarcoma and erythroblastic leucosis is
      discussed.

PMID- 179287
TI  - Production of 13beta-alkyl-3-methoxy-8,14-seco-1,3,5(10),9(11)-gonatetraen-14beta
      ol-17-ones and 13beta-alkyl-3-methoxy-8,14-seco-1,3,5(10),9(11)-gonatetraen
      17alpha-ol-14-ones by microbial enzymes.
AB  - For the purpose of producing hydroxy-keto-seco-steroids in which hydroxyl group
      is attached to a carbon atom having the R-configuration, numerous biochemically
      active microorganisms were tested without any success. The hydroxysteroid
      oxidoreductase enzymes of the investigated bacterial, yeast and fungal strains
      were suitable only for the production of 17beta-ol-14-one and 14alpha-ol-17-one
      derivatives. The required compounds were prepared by combinations of enzymatic
      reactions with chemical reduction. (i) By hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase of
      Saccharomyces uvarum and Saccharomyces drosophilarum, 17beta-ol-14-one and
      14alpha-ol-17-one derivatives of 14,17-dione, respectively, were obtained. (ii)
      The above compounds were acetylated then reduced by sodium borohydride. (iii)
      14beta,17beta-diol-17-acetate and 14alpha,17alpha-diol-14-acetate were
      dehydrogenated by dehydroxysteroid oxidoreductase of Nocardia sp. and
      Mycobacterum sp., respectively, in the presence of steroid esterase. The reaction
      mixture contained either 14beta-ol-17-one or 17alpha-ol-14-one derivatives, since
      oxidation by hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase was limited to the hydroxyl group
      attached to a carbon atom having the S-configuration.

PMID- 179286
TI  - The effect of antilipolytic agents on cyclic AMP, free fatty acid and total
      catecholamine concentrations in plasma.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of adenosine 3':5' cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and
      free fatty acids have been measured in 15 patients with acute myocardial
      infarction and in 6 dogs given infusions of isoprenaline. Plasma total
      catecholamines were also estimated in the patients. Inhibition of adipose tissue
      lipolysis with a nicotinic acid analogue did not decrease plasma cyclic AMP
      concentrations, either in the patients or when elevated in the dogs, thus
      suggesting that this tissue is not a major source of the nucleotide in plasma.

PMID- 179288
TI  - 17Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in Streptomyces hydrogenans.
AB  - Streptomyces hydrogenans converts 17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one
      (testosterone) to androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) in good yields. Time
      dependence of the conversion, steroid uptake and release have been studied in
      vivo. Steroid analysis was done by thin-layer chromatography and
      recrystallization to constant specific radioactivity. After sonification of the
      cells the postulated 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was recovered
      in the 105 000 g supernatant. The enzyme was enriched by gel filtration on
      Sephadex G-200. It required NAD+ as cofactor. Its activity could be studied
      photometrically, because there are no further testosterone-netabolites. If S.
      hydrogenans was cultured in the presence of testosterone, estradiol or 5alphaH
      dihydrotestosterone, the activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      increased.

PMID- 179289
TI  - The genetic aspects of human cancer.

PMID- 179290
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus and nonhuman primates: natural and experimental infection.

PMID- 179291
TI  - The structure and function of intercellular junctions in cancer.

PMID- 179292
TI  - Apo-lipoprotein localization in human atherosclerotic arteries.
AB  - A study documenting the localization in human arteries of apoproteins from human
      plasma high density (HDL, low density (LDL), and very low density (VLDL)
      lipoproteins was undertaken in light of their possible roles in the pathogenesis
      and regression of the atherosclerotic process in man. Apo A-I from HDL, apo B
      from LDL, apo C-III from VLDL were all localized by immunohistochemical
      techniques to generally the same areas of athersclerotic lesions. These consisted
      of certain bands of collagen and elastic fibers in fatty streaks and fibrous
      plaques, and extracellular pools of neutral lipid in fibrous plaques. Apoproteins
      were also occasionally present in areas of diffuse intimal thickening in coronary
      arteries. Extensiveness and frequency of appearance of apo B in atherosclerotic
      lesions was greatest in type II hyperlipoproteinemics, thus correlating with the
      plasma apo B levels. Employing an immuno-peroxidase procedure, apo B was
      localized ultrastructurally in atherosclerotic lesions to the outer surface of
      spheres ranging in diameter between 250 and 700 A. These spheres, localized
      predominantly in lipid cores and between collagen bands, were also seen in
      negatively-stained preparations of arterial extracts which also reacted
      positively against anti-apo B, SUGGESTING THAT THE SPHERES MAY REPRESENT NATIVE
      LDL and VLDL. The superimposed localization of apo A-I, apo B, and apo C-III in
      atherosclerotic lesions suggests that a specific interaction exists between
      certain lesion components and these apoproteins.

PMID- 179294
TI  - Turnover and aortic uptake of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) from
      hypercholesteremic rabbits as a model for testing antiatherosclerotic compounds.
AB  - VLDL from hypercholesteremic (HC) rabbits display features which are suggestive
      of inherent atherogenicity. The lipid composition, compared to that of control
      VLDL, shows an enrichment of cholesterol esters, which have a very high 18:1/18:2
      ratio in their fatty acids, and an increased sphingomyelin content, with
      decreased PC/Sph ratio. This lipid composition is very similar to that of the
      atherosclerotic plaqua. Apoprotein peptides of HC VLDL show a predominance of arg
      rich proteins, similar to human conditions (Type III hyperlipoproteinemia and
      hypothyroidism) characterized by early and severe atherosclerosis. Turnover of
      125I-labelled HC VLDL is significantly slower than that of control VLDL, both
      when the lipoprotein is injected into the donor animals and into controls.
      Conversion of HC VLDL into lipoproteins of higher density is also very small, as
      compared to control VLDL. Uptake of radioactivity into the aortic wall after
      injection is about doubled, as compared to control VLDL, when HC rabbits receive
      HC VLDL. This experimental model suggests that structural modifications of the HC
      VLDL make them poorly metabolizable, and possible more akin to the recently
      described arterial lipoprotein complexing factor (ALCF). Metformin was selected
      as the test compound, because it has been shown to decrease aortic and liver
      lipid accumulation in cholesterol fed rabbits, while only slightly affecting
      plasma cholesterol levels. VLDL from rabbits fed cholesterol and metformin
      (HC+Met), while still enriched in cholesterol esters, have a higher protein
      content, less sphingomyelin and more phosphatidylethanolamine and
      phosphatidylinositol than HC VLDL, while fatty acid composition of cholesterol
      esters does not differ. Turnover of HC+Met VLDL is extremely rapid, with a t1/2
      even shorter than that of control VLDL.

PMID- 179293
TI  - Rabbits as a model for the study of hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis.
AB  - Lipoproteins of normal and cholesteremic plasma were compared in New Zealand
      White (hyperresponder) and Dutch Belt (hyporesponder) rabbits. Three major
      differences were observed between the strains: (1) New Zealand White rabbits
      developed much higher plasma levels of very low, intermediate, and low density
      lipoproteins after cholesterol feeding; (2) Dutch Belt rabbits, normal and
      cholesteremic, had higher ratios of the more dense high density lipoproteins HDL3
      (d 1.125-1.20 g/ml) to the less dense HDL2 (d 1.081-1.125 g/ml); (3)
      cholesteremic Dutch Belt rabbits had higher plasma levels of the more dense HDL3
      subfraction than did cholesteremic New Zealand White rabbits. Cholesteremic very
      low density lipoproteins of both strains are large particles of beta
      electrophoretic mobility that are rich in cholesteryl esters and an arginine-rich
      apolipoprotein(s). The intermediate and low density lipoprotein fractions were
      similarly altered in composition, although the proportion of arginine-rich
      protein to total protein was ledd than in the very low density fraction. Although
      the high density lipoproteins were greatly decreased in concentration in
      cholesteremic plasma, no major changes in their apolipoproteins were seen in
      either strain of rabbits. The major high density apolipoprotein of rabbits occurs
      in two electrophoretically separable forms and is similar to human apo A-I. Six
      minor apolipoproteins were isolated from the high density lipoproteins; some of
      these occur also in other density fractions.

PMID- 179295
TI  - High volume screening procedures for hypobetalipoproteinemic activity in rats.
AB  - We describe high volume screening tests for hypobetalipoproteinemic agents in
      which compounds are administered orally to cholesterol-cholic acid fed
      (hypercholesterolemic( or normally fed weanling rats for 4 days. In these tests
      total serum cholesterol levels and heparin precipitating lipoproteins (HPL) are
      determined by automated analyses interfaced with a computer which eliminates all
      manual data reduction and provides necessary reports. The hypercholesterolemic
      rat test detects compounds which specifically reduce HPL (beta and pre beta
      lipoproteins) causing a decrease in the HPL: cholesterol ratio. Such activity is
      called hypobetalipoproteinemia. This activity is exhibited by bicyclo (2.2.2)
      octyloxyaniline (U-26328) but not by any of the familiar hypocholesterolemic
      agents including clofibrats, lifibrats, nicotinic acid, probucol, triparanol,
      lentysine, D-throxine or the estrogens estrone and diethylstilbestrol.

PMID- 179296
TI  - Biological activity of a hypobetalipoproteinemic agent.
AB  - A new -ind of pharmacologic activity called hypobetalipoproteinemia is described.
      Iperationally the activity consists of a marked reduction of heparin
      precipitating lipoproteins (beta and/or pre-beta electrophoretic mobility) in
      hypercholesterolemic animals with a simultaneous decrease in the heparin
      precipitating lipoprotein: cholesterol ratio. As determined by ultracentrifugal
      fractionation of the lipoproteins from hypercholesterolemic rat serum, this
      activity consists of both a reduction in heparin precipitating lipoproteins and
      an increase high density lipoproteins that are not precipitated by heparin.
      Changes in composition were also induced in both lipoprotein fractions. The
      greatest changes were observed for free and esterified cholesterol, which were
      markedly reduced in the heparin precipitating lipoproteins and concomitantly
      increased in the high density lipoproteins. The hypobetalipoproteinemic agent
      exhibiting this activity is 1-[p-(1'-adamantyloxy) phenyl]-piperidine (U-41792).
      This agent is active in hypercholesterolemic rats, mice, quail, and pigeons.

PMID- 179297
TI  - Nonisotopic method for estimating cholesterogenesis in the rat.
AB  - Influence of several compounds on sterol production was determined from serum
      desmosterol (D) levels in rats treated with U-18666A:3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)
      androst-5-en-17-one HCl. U-18666A blocks biosynthesis of cholesterol (C) by
      inhibiting conversion from D to C. Diets containing C (2%), the bile acid
      sequestrant colestipol HCl (1%), clofibrate (0.2%), combination of colestipol HCl
      and clofibrate, or basal diet were fed to normal or U-18666A (3 mg/kg/d) mald
      rats for 2 weeks. In normal rats, C feeding increased serum C levels (39%),
      colestipol HC l had no significant effect, while clofibrate or the combination
      with colestipated rats, C feeding reduced D concentration (30 to 13 mg/dl)
      indicating inhibition of synthesis via negative feedback system. Colestipol HCl
      increased D level (33%) and reduced C (60%) indicating increased synthesis;
      results are compatible with an agent capable of binding bile acids in the rat
      which can compensate for loss of these acids by increasing sterol synthesis.
      Compared to control, clofibrate reduced serum C (33%) and D (43%); in combination
      with colestipol HCl it inhibited the increased synthesis caused by the latter.
      Clofibrate appears to be an inhibitor of C biosynthesis. Also, tests with other
      compounds make it apparent that the U-18666A-treated rat model system can be
      useful in evaluating cholesterogenesis.

PMID- 179298
TI  - Inbred mice and their hypbrids as an animal model for atherosclerosis research.
AB  - 1. The inbred strain of mouse is a relatively inexpensive and easily controlled
      animal that produces consistent results within each of the P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and
      B2 generations. 2. The mother and father exert an equal influence on the
      development of fatty deposits in the aortic sinus wall and on serum total
      cholesterol levels. 3. Different strains of inbred mice react to the high-fat,
      high-cholesterol diet in different ways. 4. The control mice of the CBA/J (P2)
      strain had significantly lower values of serum total cholesterol and size of the
      largest lesion at some weeks than the control mice of the C57BR/cdJ and F1, F2,
      B1 and B2 generations. 5. The experiments indicate a multifactorial (polygenic)
      system of inheritance.

PMID- 179299
TI  - The nonhuman primates as models for studying human atherosclerosis: studies on
      the chimpanzee, the baboon and the rhesus macacus.
AB  - There is no dearth of experimental techniques for producing the
      hyperlipoproteinemia resulting in atherosclerotic complications and for
      myocardial infarction in the non human primates. Most of the recent experiments
      which have given information of great value have been studied with relatively
      expensive animals for a long period of time up to 6-7 years. It is evident that
      no animal model perfectly duplicates the human disease or satisfies all desirable
      requirements. The chimpanzees, representatives of the New World monkeys, have
      circulating plasma lipoproteins identical to man in composition as well as in
      function. The results reported above indicate that the compositional changes of
      chimpanzee plasma lipoproteins in response to dietary changes reflect the
      appearance of type II and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia similar to the human
      disease. Moreover, there are more indications about the existence of genotype II
      a in the chimpanzee, and also on the influence of stress on the plasma lipids, so
      that the developed intimal lesions similar to the human pathology are in this
      sense multifactorially influenced. From a phylogenetic point of view the
      chimpanzee is closer to man than any other non human primate. Furthermore, the
      chimpanzee lipoproteins are useful models for understanding the relationship
      between function and structure of the plasma lipoproteins in health and disease.
      Baboon and rhesus monkeys show similar results, but more differences to the human
      lipoproteins in health and disease were observed. At present it appears that the
      most useful models of human atherosclerosis are those induced in the non human
      primates, especially in the chimpanzee.

PMID- 179300
TI  - Morpholigic observations on experimental atherosclerosis in SEA Japanese quail.

PMID- 179301
TI  - The influence of some dietary factors and/or treadmill exercise on rat and
      chicken tissue lipids and serum lipoproteins.
AB  - Four different experiments, one with cockerels and three with rats, are described
      which relate to the effect of dietary factors and/or exercise on serum and liver
      lipids as well as on serum lipoproteins. Several classes of lipoproteins were
      isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation, and their purity assessed by gel
      electrophoresis. The lipid composition and protein content of serum lipoproteins
      and tissue were also determined. Dietary cholesterol produced an enormous
      increase (200 fold) in serum very low density lipoproteins in cockerels. This
      lipoprotein was apparently of very large particle size because it failed to
      penetrate the spacer gel during disc electrophoresis. In rats fed a cholesterol
      supplemented diet, the increase in very low and low density lipoproteins was
      relatively insignificant in comparison with the cockerels. However, in both
      species, the liver was overloaded with cholesterol. Further, the serum high
      density lipoproteins, HDL2 were greatly diminished in both species as a result of
      cholesterol ingestion for 7 weeks. As a possible explanation for these related
      observations, it was proposed that HDL2 was utilized in the formation of cellular
      membranes by cholesterol-burdened, hyperplastic livers. A very high level of
      dietary corn oil (40% by weight) caused drastic changes in rat liver lipid levels
      and in serum lipoprotein profiles. Specifically, liver cholesterol and
      triglycerides were increased about 200% over normal. In another experiment,
      tissue lipids and serum lipoprotein levels were determined in treadmill-exercised
      rats and in sedentary controls. Two levels (4 and 40%) of a fat mixture (1:1,
      hydrogenated coconut oil: corn oil) were used in this study. The serum
      cholesterol was unchanged in the 4 groups, while the serum triglycerides were
      reduced in exercised rats given 4% but not 40% fat as compared to respective
      controls. Rats fed 40% fat and exercised had near normal levels of liver lipids
      which was in sharp contrast to their sedentary controls. The low denstiy
      lipoproteins were surprisingly higher in exercised rats given high fat than in
      sedentary controls. It was suggested that the direct synthesis of these
      lipoproteins by the liver may be necessitated under unusual conditions. In
      conclusion, considering the central role of liver in lipid and lipoprotein
      metabolism greater attention should be focused on this organ in future
      experiments on the control of hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 179303
TI  - Lipoprotein uptake and degradation by cultured human arterial smooth muscle
      cells.
AB  - The multipotential smooth muscle cell (SMC) is the predominant cell in intima and
      media of large arteries, proliferating eraly in the development of atheroma to
      become the lipid-laden foam cell. Thomogeneous cultures of human SMA have now
      been successfully grown from explants of normal pieces of artery obtained during
      surgery. In contrast to previous results with rat SMC, human SMC preferentially
      bind and take up large, lipid-rich lipoproteins (I125 labeled low density and
      very low denstiy lipoproteins) (LDL and VLDL), in comparison to smaller, high
      density lipoproteins (HDL). This species selectivity appears to be related to
      differences both in cells and in lipoproteins. Specific binding of lipoproteins
      by SMC, analyzed by release of radioactive protein from the cell surfaces by
      trypsin, accounted for approximately hal of the protein radioactivity associated
      with the cell layer during the first few hours of incubation. Specific binding
      appears to be related to the presence of apoprotein B on the lipoproteins.
      Lipoproteins progressively accumulate within cells as a function of incubation
      time. Lipoprotein degradation, assessed by appearance of TCA soluble, non-iodide
      radioactivity in the incubation medium, increased rapidly after an initial delay
      of 2 to 4 hours. Cells grown under hypoxic (5% O2) conditions instead of the
      usual room air showed impaired degradation of lipoproteins. These results suggest
      that there are receptors on arterial SMC, highly specific for different
      lipoproteins (as shown for skin fibroblasts). This tissue culture system may be
      useful for assessment of the effects of a variety of hormones, metabolites, and
      drugs on the handling of lipoproteins by arterial smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 179302
TI  - Mechanism of inhibition of cholesterol uptake by the arterial wall.
AB  - Experiments have been described dealing with lipid synthesis and cholesterol
      uptake in perfused human and pig coronary arteries, rabbit aortas, and with the
      inhibitory effect of 7-ketocholesterol on cholesterol uptake in these
      preparations and in rabbits in vivo. Human and pig coronary arteries failed to
      synthesize cholesterol in vitro. 7-ketocholesterol inhibited cholesterol uptake
      in human coronary arteries and aortas of pigs and rabbits in vitro and by rabbit
      aortas in vivo. The inhibitory effect in vivo could only be shown after repeated
      i.v. injections of 7-ketocholesterol after solubilizing the steroid with bile
      sale (Na-glycocholate). Although 7-ketocholesterol was absorbed from the G.I.
      tract, gastric feeding of the bile salt steroid complex was ineffective, probably
      because of inadequate blood levels of 7-ketocholesterol achieved. The metabolic
      fate of 7-ketocholesterol and the nature of its effect on cholesterol are
      discussed. It is not likely that inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase is responsible
      for the inhibition of cholesterol uptake. The possibility was discussed that both
      cholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol actively compete for identical and specific
      binding sites or that an increase in 7-ketocholesterol in plasma leads to an
      increase in intracellular concentrations of this steroid thus inhibiting
      cholesterol transfer across the cell membrane. However definite conclusions on
      the nature of inhibition must await further experimentation.

PMID- 179304
TI  - The removal of cellular lipids from Landschutz ascites cells and smooth muscle
      cells in culture.

PMID- 179306
TI  - The fine structure of nonatherosclerotic intimal thickening, of developing, and
      of regressing atherosclerotic lesions at the bifurcation of the left coronary
      artery.

PMID- 179305
TI  - Phylogenetic variability of serum lipids and lipoproteins in non-human primates
      fed diets with different contents of dietary cholesterol.
AB  - The response of serum lipids and lipoproteins to different levels of dietary
      cholesterol (0.05% to 1.5% w/w) was measured in six nonhuman primate species.
      Relative response of serum cholesterol in different species, measured in terms of
      response, index, varied with dietary cholesterol concentration. The overall
      response for the different diets allowed ranking of the species as follows:
      Squirrel is greater than green is greater then spider is approximately thesus is
      approximately patas is greater than chimpanzee The serum cholesterol response was
      reflected not only in an increase in beta + pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol but
      also in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol, with significant differences among species
      in the amount of cholesterol transported in the lipoprotein classes.

PMID- 179307
TI  - Oncogenic viruses in vertebrates transmitted by hematophagous arthropods.

PMID- 179308
TI  - Protozoal viruses.

PMID- 179309
TI  - Femoral neck fractures in elderly women: a prospective study.
AB  - Fifty female patients admitted to the orthopaedic unit at the Royal East Sussex
      Hospital with a fracture of the proximal femur were followed prospectively. Forty
      six of these patients had concurrent medical problems. Six patients required
      resettlement after recovery from their fracture, and of the twenty-six returning
      home, eighteen required support from social services. The function of the
      geriatric/orthopaedic unit is reviewed and it is suggested that the combined unit
      is of value to all elderly patients with a proximal fracture of the femur.

PMID- 179310
TI  - Immunosuppressive effect of intra-lymphatic irradiation.
AB  - The effect of intra-lymphatic administration of Lipiodol-l131 on the number of T
      and B lymphocytes, and on the in vivo response to common antigens and to DNCB,
      was investigated in uremic patients in the pre-transplant period. T lymphocytes
      have been detected by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E) and B
      lymphocytes by rosette formation with erythrocytes sensitized with antibody and
      complement (EAC). After irradiation it was observed a lymphopenia due to a
      statistically significant decrease in the number of both T and B peripheral blood
      lymphocytes and a depletion of these cells in the irradiated lymph nodes. Their
      ability to give delayed hypersensitivity response to common antigens in vivo was
      lost after intralymphatic irradiation. Two patients were able to develop
      sensitization to DNCB and this reaction was supressed in one of them by
      irradiation. These effects of intralymphatic irradiation on the immune system
      favours further study of this method in clinical renal transplantation.

PMID- 179311
TI  - Free silica. SiO2.

PMID- 179312
TI  - In defense of the dust count technique.
AB  - NISOH has recommended a Standard for Occupational Exposure to crystalline silica
      to OSHA with documentation based on dust count studies relating to health
      effects. This standard dictates sampling by mass respirable method only. A dual
      standard as in ACGIH-TLV list should be promulgated by OSHA which includes the
      dust count standard.

PMID- 179313
TI  - Letter: Free silica analysis of environmental samples.

PMID- 179314
TI  - The effects of a 20-week nutritional insult on the skeletal development of Cebus
      albifrons during the 1st year of life.
AB  - Using an atlas constructed from records of a group of normal monkeys in the same
      colony, the effects of a 20-week low-calorie or low-protein nutritional insult on
      skeletal development were determined. The most significantly retarded sites were
      the late-forming ossifications (epiphyses, sesamoids, and tuberosites). A general
      increase in ossification anomalies and in individual variation was evident. The
      similarity of these findings to studies previously reported for man indicates the
      utility of nonhuman primate models for the further study of nutritional
      deficiency.

PMID- 179315
TI  - Further heterogeneity of the oral-facial-digital syndromes.
AB  - Two patients with polysyndactyly of the halluces and typical features of oral
      facial-digital syndrome, type I (OFS I), are described. Previously, bilateral
      hallucal polysyndactyly was considered to be a distinctive feature of OFD II,
      Mohr syndrome. The original classification of OFD II was based on clinical
      similarities between the affected members of the Mohr-Claussen kindred and the
      two siblings described by Rimoin and Edgerton. Review of these cases deomnstrates
      important clinical differences, so that justification for the original
      classification of OFD II is questioned. Retrospectively, a small number of
      individuals have been considered to have had OFD II, but on review these cases
      appear to represent a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders.

PMID- 179316
TI  - The clinical usefulness of narcotic antagonists: implications of behavioral
      research.

PMID- 179319
TI  - Selection of cell culture systems for virus isolation.
AB  - A survey of cell culture systems for virus isolation is presented. Because there
      is not single cell culture system which will support the many viruses that may be
      encountered in clinical specimens, the characteristics and susceptibility of
      primary, diploid, and continuous cell cultures are reviewed. The primary cell
      culture system should be susceptible to infection with myxoviruses,
      paramyxoviruses, adenoviruses, and Coxsackie B viruses, since these are not
      consistently recognized in diploid cell cultures. Conversely, rhinoviruses,
      cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus may be isolated only in diploid cell
      cultures. Upon consideration of expected viruses, and cell cultures available for
      isolation of these, one can choose a combination of a primary and a diploid cell
      system for virus isolation which will assure detection of most human virus groups
      known. The usefulness of continuous cell culture systems is generally limited to
      a very few specific viruses.

PMID- 179318
TI  - Benign breast tumor and estrogenic hormones: a population-based retrospective
      study.
AB  - Histories of the usage of oral contraceptives and other estrogens were obtained
      from 320 women 20-49 years of age who had pathologically confirmed diagnoses of
      benign breast disease made at Washington County Hospital in Hagerstown, Maryland,
      during the period 1968 through 1972. Similar histories were obtained from 320
      controls matched for race, sex, age, residence in county, and willingness to
      participate in a health survey. No association could be found between oral
      contraceptive usage and benign breast tumor. The use of other estrogens, notably
      diethylstilbestrol, was significantly related to the presence of benign breast
      disease.

PMID- 179317
TI  - A review of macromolecular transport and secretion at the cellular level.
AB  - This is a review of current information concerning mechanisms involved in
      transport and secretion of macromolecules in exocrine glands. Emphasis has been
      placed on information available for pancreatic acinar cells. The review was
      prompted by the availability of considerable amounts of new information developed
      during the past several years. Exportable proteins in the pancreatic acinar cells
      are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Following
      synthesis, nascent proteins are transported from ribosomes attached to the
      endoplasmic reticulum into intracisternal spaces bound by the endoplasmic
      reticulum. The proteins are then carried to the Golgi complex by transitional
      elements. Zymogen granules are formed in the Golgi complex and migrate to the
      cell apex. Appropriate stimulation leads to fusion of the zymogen granule
      membrane and apical plasmalemma followed by a break in the membrane and
      consequent release of the granule content into the ductules. The extact molecular
      events involved in the process of secretion are not known. The roles of cAMP and
      cGMP in pancreatic secretion are supported by indirect evidence only. The role of
      calcium in secretion is apparent, but further investigation is needed to
      delineate the exact mechanism of its action. Membrane depolarization and
      associated ionic fluexes seem to play a significant role.

PMID- 179320
TI  - Sexually transmissible diseases.
AB  - There is a widespread recrudescence of venereal disease. The possible reasons for
      this are discussed. Each disease is then considered from the viewpoints of
      clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment. Treatment failures are discussed in
      detail, immunity is covered, and recommendations for the future conclude the
      presentation.

PMID- 179321
TI  - An experimental model for disseminated herpesvirus infection of the neonate.
AB  - Pregnant mice at 10 days of gestation were more susceptible to vaginal
      inoculation with herpesvirus, type 2, than were nonpregnant mice. This mouse
      model system also was used to compare delivery through a birth canal contaminated
      with herpesvirus, type 2, to delivery after maternal paranteral inoculation by
      the same virus. Approximately 26 per cent of newborn mice either died or had
      evidence of disseminated herpesvirus infections after delivering through a vagina
      inoculated with herpesvirus, whereas only 4 per cent of newborn mice died after
      subcutaneous inoculation of pregnant animals. Only 1 per cent of neonates
      delivered of subcutaneously inoculated pregnant mice had any evidence of
      herpesvirus infection. Pregnant mice immunized to herpesvirus, type 1, had
      significantly less newborn infection after delivery through a herpesvirus
      inoculated birth canal when compared to nonimmunized mice.

PMID- 179322
TI  - Progesterone binding in human endometrial carcinomas.
AB  - By means of dextran-coated charcoal assay, the capacity of various endometrial
      cytosol preparations for specific binding of 3H-rone was determined. With the use
      of an arbitrary value of 50 femtomoles of bound 3H-progesterone per milligram of
      cytosol protein as the breaking point between high and low binding capacities, 19
      out of 20 normal endometria had high progesterone-binding capacities. Two out of
      11 Grade I, 3 out of 8 Grade II, and 2 out or 4 Grade III endometrial carcinomas
      showed low binding capacities. All 4 endometrial polyps, 7 out of 9 hyperplastic
      endometria, and 0 out of 7 nonendometrial gynecologic tumors had high binding
      capacities. These data suggest a progressive loss of specific  progesterone
      binding activity from normal endometria to hyperplastic endometria, and from the
      well-differentiated to the anaplastic forms of endometrial adenocarcinoma. There
      seemed to be an inverse relationship betweeen age and concentration of
      progesterone receptors in endometrial adenocarcinomas. All irradiated tumors
      studied had low progesterone-binding capacity.

PMID- 179323
TI  - Blindness caused by photoreceptor degeneration as a remote effect of cancer.
AB  - Three postmenopausal women developed photoreceptor degeneration one to four
      months preceding or following discovery of an anaplastic tumor. Two patients had
      transitory visual obscurations and bizarre visual sensations. Ring scotomas
      progressed to severe visual field loss. Retinal arteries were markedly narrowed.
      Electroretinograms revealed almost total absence of response in one patient, and
      another complained of the recent onset of night blindness. In all three patients
      severe degeneration of the photoreceptor cells associated with melanophagic
      activity was shown histologically. In two patients neuropathologic examination
      from the retinal bipolar cells to the occipital cortex revealed no significant
      alterations.

PMID- 179324
TI  - Effect of aspirin and dexamethasone on intraocular pressure in primary uveitis
      produced by Herpes simplex virus.
AB  - The intracameral injection of New Zealand white male rabbits with type 1 herpes
      simplex virus produced acute anterior uveitis with biphasic elevation of the
      intraocular pressure (IOP). The first IOP increase occurred on day 1 and 2 and
      the second increase on day 8. There was no significant correlation between the
      IOP changes and multiplication of herpes simplex virus in the uvea and cornea,
      nor between the IOP changes and histopathologic alteration of the tissue. Aspirin
      suppressed significantly the first as well as the second IOP elevation, whereas
      dexamethasone suppressed significantly only the second elevation.

PMID- 179326
TI  - Skeletal ossification and the adolescent growth spurt.
AB  - Fourteen ossification events in the hand and wrist were studied in relation to
      the age of peak growth velocity in body height in fifty-two boys and thirty-six
      girls. The subjects were aborigines enrolled in a longitudinal growth study. Peak
      growth velocity and the ossification events occurred in aborigines at about the
      same ages as in Caucasian children. The results indicate that the ossification
      events can be used by the orthodontist to assess a child's growth activity. The
      accelerative phase of the adolescent growth spurt is accompanied by epiphyseal
      widths reaching diaphyseal widths in the fingers and radius and by ossification
      of the pisiform and hamate Stage 1. Peak growth velocity occurs at about the time
      of epiphyseal capping in the fingers and radius and ossification of the sesamoid
      and hamate Stage 2. The decelerative phase of growth is indicated by epiphyseal
      union in the third finger, progressively from distal to proximal phalanges, and
      in the radius. The value of these indicators in orthodontic practice is
      discussed.

PMID- 179325
TI  - Optic nerve manifestations of human congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
AB  - A Latin American male and a white female infant who had a cytomegalovirus
      infection on the first day of life had unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. A white
      male infant who had cytomegalovirus isolated at 5 weeks of age had a unilateral
      partial coloboma of the optic nerve. A 4-month-old black infant with
      cytomegalovirus infection diagnosed at 2 days of age had a unilateral complete
      coloboma of the optic nerve associated with microphthalmia. Optic nerve
      involvement was an important manifestation of this disease.

PMID- 179327
TI  - Evolution of cytoplasmic fibrillar bodies induced by lead in rat and mouse
      kidneys.
AB  - Characteristic cytoplasmic and intranuclear fibrillar bodies were produced,
      within 24 hours, in epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted renal tubules of
      rats and mice by injecting a single dose of lead acetate either intraperitoneally
      (100 mug Pb/g) or into the heart (10 mug Pb/g). The frequency of cytoplasmic
      fibrillar bodies (CFB) rose during the first 4 days following injection of lead
      and diminished thereafter. Ten days after intracardiac injection of lead no CFB
      were found; 10 days after intraperitoneal injection, they were still present,
      though probably in diminished number. Disappearance of CFB may be related to
      autophagocytosis. Intranuclear fibrillar bodies did not disappear, perhaps
      because nuclei lack a lysosomal apparatus. Within the first 3 days after
      injection of lead, clusters or paracrystalline arrays of ferritin molecules were
      frequently situated in the immediate vicinity of CRB or abutted against CFB;
      after the third day, little or no ferritin was found near CFB. Intramuscular
      injection of iron-dextran complex (50 mg Fe/ml) 24 hours prior to intraperitoneal
      administration of lead did not increase incidence or size of ferritin clusters in
      the vicinity of CFB in rats. The presence of ferritin near CFB may have been an
      indirect consequence of inhibition, by lead, of synthesis of heme prosthetic
      groups.

PMID- 179328
TI  - The fine structure of intracranial neoplasms induced by the inoculation of avian
      sarcoma virus in neonatal and adult rats.
AB  - Groups of F-344 rats were inoculated with the Bratislava-77 strain of avian
      sarcoma virus (B-77 ASV) within 24 hours of birth, at 9 days of age, or between
      97 and 119 days of age. Intracranial tumors developed in each age group. Multiple
      tumors with mixed histologic patterns developed in rats inoculated at 1 or 9 days
      of age. Solitary tumors with a uniform histologic pattern developed in rats
      inoculated as adults. On the basis of light and electron microscopic study, the
      majority of tumors in each age group were classified as astrocytomas and divided
      into either poorly differentiated, gemistocytic, pilocytic, or polymorphic
      varieties. The polymorphic astrocytomas were most common among neonatally
      inoculated rats, while the pilocytic astrocytomas were most common among rats
      inoculated as adults. Ultrastructural characteristics of astrocytes, including
      gap junctions and 7- to 9-nm filaments, were present in the majority of tumors in
      each age groups. Astrocytomas induced in adult rats were remarkable for the
      presence of extensive basement membrane alone the astrocytic cell surfaces.
      Intracytoplasmic virus-like particles (R particles) were common in the tumor
      cells. These virus-like particles are morphologically distinct from C-type B-77
      ASV, and no morphologic evidence of C-type virus replication was observed in any
      of the tumors.

PMID- 179329
TI  - Angiotensin II binding to renal glomeruli from sodium-loaded and sodium-depleted
      rats.
AB  - 125I-labeled angiotensin II (125I-labeled AII) and [3H]angiotensin II ([3H]AII)
      bind specifically to isolated rat glomeruli. Three groups of receptor sites could
      be defined by the KD value (7.1 +/- 0.3 X 10(-11, 3.4 +/- 0.2 X 10(-10), and 1.6
      X 10(-9) M, respectively) and the number of receptor sites (11.6 +/- 1.2, 29.4 +/
      3.9, and 113.8 +/- 3.8 fmol/mg glomerular protein, respectively). Both
      association and dissociation constants for 125I-labeled AII were greater than
      those for [3H]AII, but their ratio (KD) remained unchanged. Specificity of
      binding to these three groups of receptor sites was demonstrated by the
      following: 1) inhibition of binding of labeled AII by unlabeled hormone or by
      antagonists; and 2) reversibility of binding, independent of either hormone or
      receptor degradation. Binding was increased in glomerular preparations from
      acutely and chronically sodium-loaded rats, compared with glomerular preparations
      from acutely and chronically sodium-depleted rats. This change in binding
      resulted from both a change in the number of receptor sites and modification of
      the affinity of AII for its receptors. KD was higher in preparations from sodium
      depleted rats (12.9 +/- 3.3 and 14.6 +/- 3.9 X 10(-11) M in chronically and
      acutely depleted rats, respectively) than in those from sodium-loaded rats (2.7
      +/- 0.2 and 3.9 +/- 1 X 10(-11) M in chronically and acutely sodium-loaded rats,
      respectively). Changes in the binding of AII to its glomerular receptors could
      play a role in the adaptation of glomerular filtration rate to the sodium
      balance.

PMID- 179331
TI  - Adenosine relaxation of isolated vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - Adenosine relaxed hog carotid media strips contracted with norepinephrine (NE)
      and potassium (K+). Adenosine (3 X 10(-6)M) was more effective in relaxing the NE
      contractures than those produced by K+. In both cases, adenosine's efficacy
      decreased with increasing concentrations of the stimulating agent. A high
      adenosine concentration (1 X 10(-3)M) was necessary to elicit relaxation of
      completely depolarized (124 mM K+) media strips and equimolar concentrations of
      aminophylline caused greater relaxation than did adenosine. Adenosine inhibited
      the Ca2+ dose-response curves of strips stimulated with 20 mM and 30 mM K+ and
      its effect was dependent on the Ca2+ concentration. Neither 1 X 10(-6)M nor 1 X
      10(-4)M adenosine produced any change in the cAMP content of vascular strips.
      Only at high concentrations did adenosine increase the cAMP content of vascular
      strips, but the increase was signficantly more than that observed with the same
      dose of aminophylline. The present results are consistent with the possibility
      that adenosine relaxes vascular smooth muscle by directly altering Ca2+
      permeability and/or membrane potential; they do not support a role for cAMP in
      the adenosine-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 179330
TI  - Biochemical adaptations in skeletal muscle of trained thyroidectomized rats.
AB  - The cytochrome c concentrations of the different types of skeletal muscle of
      trained and nontrained normal and thyroidectomized rats were measured. Animals
      were trained by treadmill running 1 mph, at a 15% incline, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk for
      at least 12 wk. This training program induced an expected 50% increase in
      cytochrome c in the high-oxidative fast-twitch red (FTR) and slow-twitch red
      (STR) fibers and only a 25% increase in the low-oxidative fast-twitch white (FTW)
      fibers of the normal rats. This same training program caused a greater increase
      (100%) in the FTR and STR fibers of the thyroidectomized runners and a dramatic
      243% increase in the FTW fiber. Even though the thyroidectomy procedure caused a
      reduction in oxidative capacity of all types of skeletal muscle fibers to about
      one-half normal, the absolute increase in cytochrome c in the muscles of the
      trained thyroidectomized animals was essentially the same or greater than that of
      the normal trained animals. These results indicate that the adaptive response to
      training of an increased oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle occurs in the
      absence of normal thyroid function. They also suggest that the exercise bouts of
      the thyroidectomized animals were performed with a relatively greater involvement
      of the FTW muscle fibers.

PMID- 179332
TI  - Lipolytic activity of swine adipocytes.
AB  - Lipolysis in isolated swine adipocytes was stimulated by epinephrine, dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP, and weakly by adrenocorticotropin but not by glucagon or cyclic AMP.
      Theophylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, stimulated lipolysis and greatly
      enhanced the activity of adrenocorticotropin. The epinephrine-stimulated
      lipolytic activity, expressed on a tissue or cell volume basis, was greatest at
      25 days postpartum, whereas, expressed on a cell basis, the activity was maximal
      at day 80. Regardless of the mode of expression, the activity at day 150 was low.
      Cells from younger animals were more sensitive to epinephrine than cells from
      older animals.

PMID- 179333
TI  - EEG sleep changes as predictors in depression.
AB  - The authors conducted a study of 18 depressed patients to see whether EEG sleep
      measurements might provide a predictive tool for response to antidepressant
      medication. They found that although the sedative characteristics of
      amitriptyline did not differentiate good responders from poor responders until
      the third week of drug treatment, the good responders showed significant
      increases in REM latency, decreases in REM sleep time, decreases in REM sleep
      percent, and decreases in REM activity after only 2 nights of drug treatment.

PMID- 179334
TI  - Virus diseases of bone. Do they exist? The Neuhauser Lecture.

PMID- 179335
TI  - Loss of colonic haustration in progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Complete loss of colonic haustration was observed in six cases of progressive
      systemic sclerosis. Varying degrees of haustral loss or sacculation were noted in
      twelve others. An increase in colonic length was characteristic and,
      occasionally, there was slight to moderate generalized dilatation. Correlation of
      these findings with the microscopic appearance of the colon showed that muscular
      atrophy and fibrous replacement were consistent findings, varying in degree.
      Although the data are insufficient to permit definite conclusions, it is
      suggested that these changes may be responsible for colonic lengthening and loss
      of haustration. Attention is drawn to the importance of not confusing this
      appearance with other conditions, particularly chronic ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 179336
TI  - Roentgen findings in aorto-enteric fistulae.
AB  - Six cases of aorto-enteric fistulas are discussed. In three patients the aorta
      ruptured into the duodenum and in three there was rupture into the esophagus.
      Aorto-enteric fistula is usually caused by atherosclerosis, but may also be due
      to syphilis or tuberculosis. Following insertion of an aortic graft, fistula is
      usually the result of breakdown of the anastomosis. Gastrointestinal bleeding
      usually heralds the problem. The roentgen signs of rupture are pressure on the
      esophagus or intestine, bleeding into the wall or lumen, and demonstration of the
      fistula. The abnormal connection may not be demonstrable by aortography. These
      signs permit early diagnosis and subsequent possible life saving surgical
      correction.

PMID- 179337
TI  - Multiple benign ureteral fibrous polyps.
AB  - Two cases of benign polyps of the ureter are reported with emphasis on the
      uroradiological features and methods of evaluation in the diagnosis of benign
      mesodermal tumors of the ureter. The apparently excellent results from
      conservative surgery make the recognition and preoperative roentgenologic
      diagnosis of this entity mandatory.

PMID- 179338
TI  - Cavitating lung nodules and pneumothorax in children with metastatic Wilms'
      tumor.
AB  - Lung metastases evolved into large thin-walled cysts in two children with Wilms'
      tumor. Histologic examination of one lesion suggested that invasion of a small
      bronchus or bronchiole, leading to ball-valve obstruction, was responsible. One
      patient also experienced recurrent pneumothorax, probably on the same basis. The
      formation of thin-walled cysts has not previously been observed with metastatic
      Wilms' tumor. Pneumothorax is a rare complication of metastatic Wilms' tumor.

PMID- 179339
TI  - The spotted nephrogram of renal scleroderma.
AB  - The renal angiographic findings in our two patients with scleroderma and recent
      onset of hypertension included minor changes in the distal interlobar and arcuate
      arteries and a nephrogram displaying diffuse, spotty lucencies. Although the
      spotted nephrogram is occasionally seen in cases of severe nephrosclerosis, we
      believe that, in the absence of major arterial changes in the arcuate and distal
      interlobar arteries, it is virtually diagnostic of renal scleroderma.

PMID- 179340
TI  - The role of emergency excretory urography in evaluation of blunt, abdominal
      trauma.
AB  - In our hospital, patients seen for blunt, abdominal trauma have an "emergency"
      urogram. The results of our review of 209 such patients with complete urographic
      evaluations indicate that (1) the clinical examination, urinalysis, and plain
      abdominal roentgenogram do not reliably allow one to predict which patients would
      show urographic abnormalities and (2) the clinical management of these patients
      is rarely altered by the knowledge of the results of the urogram.

PMID- 179341
TI  - Arthrography in total hip prosthesis complications.
AB  - Previous reports have stressed the value of hip arthrography primarily in
      determining the presence of loosening of the total hip prosthesis. Although
      loosening is a common complication and frequently associated with infection,
      other complications producing a painful hip prosthesis exist and are demonstrable
      by arthrography. Since the etiologies of these are as diversely different as the
      treatment, the hip arthrogram is advocated as an integral part of the diagnostic
      approach to the patient with a painful hip prosthesis in order to assess the
      specific complication and determine the therapeutic approach.

PMID- 179342
TI  - The grooves of the distal articular surface of the femur-a normal variant.

PMID- 179343
TI  - Chiba percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. A valuable method for
      visualizing the nondilated biliary tract.
AB  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with the Chiba needle has had
      remarkable results in cannulating small bile ducts. We have roentgenographically
      visualized a nondilated biliary system in the first five out of seven cases
      attempted. Including our series, there have been 71 successful Chiba studies in
      107 nondilated or presumed normal biliary tracts with only one questionable major
      complication. The technique is simple to learn, particularly in comparison with
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Since the incidence of complications is
      low, surgical standby should seldom be necessary. The value of the Chiba
      percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram is described via four unusual case
      reports.

PMID- 179344
TI  - Organizing a community department for academic radiology.

PMID- 179345
TI  - Computerized tomography (CT) in acute head trauma.
AB  - The retrospective evaluation of 100 cases of head trauma that were subjected to
      computerized tomography (CT) leads to the following conclusions: (1) Computerized
      tomography and plain skull survey, should be the first neuroradiological
      procedures to perform. (2) Angiography may be carried out after computerized
      tomography when necessary, but as proved by this series, it will be needed in a
      relatively small number of cases. These include patients with technically limited
      CT scans or those in whom the possibility of an associated vascular lesion of the
      cervical or intracranial vessel is clinically suspected. (3) It is essential to
      obtain CT scans of the best possible quality. Sedation will be required in many
      instances, but this is considered worth doing because a normal CT scan, without
      significant technical limitations, will exclude the presence of lesions requiring
      prompt surgical intervention. Those patients who require surgery will need
      general anesthesia under any circumstances. (4) There is generally a direct
      relationship between the severity of clinical presentation and the CT
      demonstration of the abnormality responsible for the clinical status. Seventy
      percent of the patients clinically diagnosed as contusion had positive CT scans,
      and for all practical purposes, 100 percent of patients having trauma more severe
      than our Group III (contusion) had abnormal CT scans. Likewise, the number and
      intensity of tissue abnormalities on CT scans increase proportionately with the
      severity of the clinical signs and symptons. (5) It is foreseen that, with the
      advent of faster computerized tomographic scanners, the usefulness of this method
      will increase further, owing to a reduction in the total examination time and the
      lessened requirement for sedation.

PMID- 179346
TI  - Individualized computer tomography of the skull with the EMI scanner using the
      160 X 160 matrix.
AB  - The individualized approach to the performance of computerized tomography of the
      skull is described. With the use of the 160X160 matrix it is possible to look at
      the initial scans almost immediately after their completion. If necessary,
      unsatisfactory scans can be repeated, the position of the head can be changed and
      artifacts due to motion can be minimized or eliminated. Lesions can be revealed
      or enhanced with intravenously injected contrast material if desired. The
      individualized approach has eliminated the need to recall patients and has
      improved the diagnostic capability of the method.

PMID- 179347
TI  - Computed tomography of the normal and infarcted myocardium.
AB  - After intravenous administration of contrast agent, in vitro cardiac scanning
      showed a significant difference between the attenuation coefficients of the
      intracavitary blood pool and the myocardial wall, permitting clear delineation of
      the ventricular cavity. A substantial alteration in hematocrit permitted similar
      visualization of the intracavitary blood pool-myocardial wall interface. The
      attenuation coefficient of infarcted myocardium differed sufficiently from that
      of normal myocardium to render computed tomographic distinction feasible. In
      three hour old infarctions, the differences between normal and ischemic or
      infarcted tissue were enhanced by prior administration of contrast agent. These
      differences in attenuation coefficient indicate that a properly gated CT scanner
      could be utilized as a noninvasive approach to evaluating suspected or known
      myocardial infarction and other aspects of cardiac structure and function both in
      man and in experimental animals.

PMID- 179348
TI  - The value of repeat cerebral arteriography in the evaluation of trauma.
AB  - In most patients with head or neck trauma, a single angiogram is sufficient to
      guide therapy. For those who improve slowly or not at all, however, this is not
      an adequate basis for diagnosis. Angiography should be repeated after an interval
      of time to exclude development of a surgically correctable lesion, such as
      pseudoaneurysm or intracerebral or extracerebral fluid collection.

PMID- 179349
TI  - Caudal dislocation of the pons in the adult Arnold-Chiari malformation: an
      angiographic evaluation.
AB  - The position of the pons, determined angiographically, can be related to the
      clivus and sella. In adult patients with the Chiari malformation, a caudal
      dislocation of the pons is frequently associated with the well known anomalously
      low position of the cerebellar tonsils. This finding may aid in the angiographic
      diagnosis of the Chiari malformation.

PMID- 179350
TI  - Angiographic manifestations of bilateral Wilms' tumor.
AB  - Two cases of bilateral Wilms' tumor are presented with discussion of angiographic
      features. Emphasis is placed on selective angiography in addition to inferior
      vena cavography for complete evaluation. Because of the incidence of bilateral
      disease, and the highly vascular nature of the tumor, selective angiography of
      the contralateral side should be considered in the initial evaluation of
      unilateral Wilms'tumor. Evaluation of the interface between tumor and normal
      parenchyma is extremely important in bilateral disease, in anticipation of
      partial nephrectomy.

PMID- 179351
TI  - The abdominal angiographic spectrum of tuberous sclerosis.
AB  - Tuberous sclerosis can present with a variety of clinical, roentgenographic and
      pathological manifestations. Although we are not advocating abdominal angiography
      in every patient with tuberous sclerosis, the clinical diagnosis may be difficult
      in certain cases, particularly in the young patient, and abdominal visceral
      angiography may lead to the correct diagnosis. In two of our patients, infants
      ten months of age, the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis was not made until
      abdominal angiography had been performed. The most common changes are seen in the
      kidney where angiographic demonstration of hamartomas, arterial aneurysms, and
      multiple small cysts in the renal parenchyma are noted. Renal microcysts have not
      been previously described angiographically although they have been noted in
      pathological specimens and represent an important feature of the disorder
      spectrum. In addition, vascular hamartomatous lesions may be demonstrated
      angiographically in other abdominal organs such as the adrenal gland and liver.

PMID- 179352
TI  - The complication rate of catheter angiography by direct puncture through aorto
      femoral bypass grafts.
AB  - A search of the literature revealed no documentation of the complication rate
      associated with percutaneous catheterization of aorto-femoral bypass grafts in
      the arteriographic evaluation of graft patency. The authors compared the
      complication rates of 29 consecutive arteriograms performed through grafts (Group
      I) with 40 arteriograms performed on non patients (Group II). Neither group had
      any significant complications, indicating the safety of percutaneous
      catheterization of the graft site.

PMID- 179353
TI  - Systemic arterial supply to normal basilar segments of the left lower lobe.
AB  - Two cases of sole arterial supply to normal basilar segments of the left lower
      lobe via an aberrant systemic vessel are described. A spectrum of congenital
      pulmonary abnormalities with systemic arterial supply to the lung is presented.
      Complete roentgenologic evaluation is necessary prior to definitive surgery.

PMID- 179354
TI  - Iatrogenic embolization of the superior mesenteric artery: arteriographic
      observations and clinical implications.
AB  - Following sudden occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, there is a
      characteristic and predictable pattern of blood flow through the instantaneously
      activated collateral channels. On the left, the first patent jejunal or ileal
      branch utilizes the central tier of the mesenteric arcades to revascularize the
      distal trunk of the occluded superior mesenteric artery. On the right, the
      anastomotic connection between the middle colic, right colic, and ileocolic
      arteries provides an efficient collateral pathway. These two collateral channels
      supplement each other and the distal trunk of the occluded superior mesenteric
      artery is usually rapidly reconstituted. Superior mesenteric artery embolization
      is frequently an asymptomatic event. There appears to be a variable tolerance of
      cardiac and non-cardiac patients to the effect of superior mesenteric
      embolization. Non-cardiac patients may tolerate embolization of the superior
      mesenteric artery quite well. Cardiac patients frequently respond with an
      ischemic crisis. The site of embolization is another determining factor. An
      embolus below the origin of the middle colic artery provides an incomparably more
      favorable hemodynamic situation than an embolus proximal to the origin of this
      vessel. The excellent tolerance of our group of patients to superior mesenteric
      embolization appears to be closely related to these two main factors.

PMID- 179355
TI  - Partial mesenteric arterial occlusion with subsequent ischemic bowel damage due
      to pitressin infusion.

PMID- 179356
TI  - Radionclide imaging in skeletal inflammatory and ischemic disease in children.
AB  - Sixty-five children were evaluated for presence of skeletal inflammatory and
      ischemic disease with bone scans and roentgenograms. Several characteristic
      scintigraphic patterns were observed. Bone scans were significantly more
      sensitive than roentgenograms in early diagnosis of osteomyelitis and its
      differentiation from cellulitis, septic arthritis, and bone infarction. The child
      presenting with possible inflammatory bone disease now is benefited by this
      important refinement in diagnosis. Faced with the difficult dilemma of choosing
      appropriate therapy in these frustratingly similar problems, the physician can
      integrate the clinical findings with nuclear imaging to arrive at early
      appropriate diagnosis and management.

PMID- 179357
TI  - "Doughnut" sign in brain scanning.
AB  - The significance of the "doughnut" sign at present is relegated to characterizing
      the morphology of a lesion. The use of the "doughnut" sign in differential
      diagnosis should not be attempted except in specific clinical contexts, and never
      excluding other evidence. The "doughnut" sign in scanning together with other
      studies such as angiography and computerized axial tomography gives additional
      characterizing data in the neuroradiologic evaluation of a patient.

PMID- 179358
TI  - Ultrasonic evaluation of the unilateral nonvisualized kidney.
AB  - There are several techniques for evaluating the nonvisualized kidney.
      Nephrotomography may be helpful in those patients who have some remaining renal
      function. Radionuclide renal flow and imaging studies are more sensitive than
      nephrotomography in detecting hydronephrosis, the most common cause of unilateral
      renal nonvisualization, but also require some renal function to be of diagnostic
      value. Diagnostic ultrasound, since it is independent of renal function, is an
      even more sinsitive indicator of urinary obstruction, detecting those cases where
      no functioning renal parenchyma is present. This non-invasive technique can
      accurately guide percutaneous puncture of the collecting system, permitting
      antegrade localization of the obstructing lesion. When ultrasonography
      demonstrates a solid mass in the renal fossa, angiography is recommended for
      definitive diagnosis. When no kidney is identified renal venography may be useful
      in differentiating between a small nonfunctioning kidney and renal agenesis.

PMID- 179359
TI  - Factors that modify the radio-response of cancer of the nasopharynx.
AB  - A study of 152 cases of carcinoma of the nasopharynx was carried out for
      evaluation of various features of the tumors. Survival is greatest in middle aged
      patients and poorest in patients under 20 years of age. Patients who presented
      with lymph node involvement had a better survival rate than those without, and
      those with undifferentiated tumors  survived longer, although tumors in this
      group metastasized earlier. Those tumors which arose on the postero-superior wall
      of the nasopharynx were associated with a lower cure rate than those situated
      elsewhere. Spread to adjacent tissues diminished the cure rate, but the rate fell
      particularly low if there was spread to bone or to the central nervous system. If
      no neck lymph nodes were involved, patients with undifferentiated and well
      differentiated lesions fared equally well, but if there was involvement of the
      neck lymph nodes, those with undifferentiated primary lesions obtained a better
      cure rate. The influence of the type of local spread, the presence of distant
      metastasis, and survival in relation to the histological and clinical grading of
      the tumor were also evaluated.

PMID- 179360
TI  - Definitive treatment of carcinoma of the rectum by intracavitary radiation
      therapy.
AB  - A combination of external and contact irradiation treatment has been used
      successfully in treatment of selected patients with carcinoma of the rectum. The
      advantages include eliminating a permanent colostomy. If the treatment is
      unsuccessful in controlling the lesion, electrocoagulation and abdominoperineal
      resection are still available.

PMID- 179362
TI  - Hemangiopericytoma: report of three cases regarding role of radiation therapy.
AB  - The experience in treating three patients with hemangiopericytoma is reviewed.
      One patient was given irradiation alone, and the others were both treated with
      surgery and irradiation. Our experience reinforces reports of the usefulness of
      irradiation in treating this neoplasm and its metastases.

PMID- 179361
TI  - Serial studies of immunocompetence in head and neck cancer patients undergoing
      radiation therapy.
AB  - Studies of the immunocompetence of patients undergoing radiation therapy were
      carried out before and after treatment. The immunological evaluation is a
      valuable prognostic tool for patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head
      and neck. The degree of immunoresponsiveness is not related to the stage of the
      primary tumor, but it definitely correlates with the extent of lymph node
      involvemnt. This evaluation may permit identification of those cases for which
      immunotherapy is indicated.

PMID- 179363
TI  - Congenital absence of the ductus venosus: with direct connection between the
      umbilical vein and the distal inferior vena cava.
AB  - Umbilical vessel catheterization in a neonate with Noonan's syndrome disclosed a
      unique developmental anomaly of the umbilical vein. There was no evidence of a
      ductus venosus nor any connection between the vein and the portal hepatic venous
      system. The umbilical vein instead entered the inferior vena cava directly at the
      level of the iliac veins. There was a single umbilical artery.

PMID- 179364
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit with unusual angiographic features.
AB  - A 14 month old boy with sudden onset of proptosis of the left eye due to an
      aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit is reported. Sequential plain films of the
      orbital region demonstrated changes ranging from subtle loss of bone definition
      of the orbital margin to the characteristic appearance of an aneurysmal bone cyst
      twelve months later. Arteriography at the time of the initial evaluation
      demonstrated prolonged retention of the contrast medium which we believe
      represents changes secondary to the number of giant cells present in the tumor
      rather than the relative vascularity of the lesion. While aneurysmal bone cyst of
      the orbit is extremely rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis
      of proptosis in the pediatric age group.

PMID- 179365
TI  - Vertebral sarcoidosis. A case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 179366
TI  - Extra-abdominal desmoid of the axillary tail mimicking breast carcinoma.
AB  - A case is reported of an extra-abdominal desmoid tumor presenting as an axillary
      tail breast mass. This represents the third reported case and the first
      description of the roentgenographic findings of this entity. That this tumor can
      be confused with carcinoma of the breast is emphasized.

PMID- 179367
TI  - Editorial: Is nuclear medicine in trouble?

PMID- 179368
TI  - New frontier for radiology: computed tomography. 40th Annual Preston M. Hickey
      Memorial Lecture.
AB  - The basic principles of computed tomography (CT) and their application are
      discussed. The impact of this method on neuroradiologic diagnosis is reviewed,
      including economic considerations and the effect on nuclear medicine and other
      diagnostic procedures. The initial experiences of the Mallinckrodt Institute with
      whole body scanning are illustrated, and failure possibilities for CT are
      predicted.

PMID- 179370
TI  - Radiographic visualization of left ventricular aneurysms on lateral chest film.
AB  - The diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysm on routine chest examination can be
      elusive. Six cases are presented which illustrate a radiographic sign not
      previously emphasized: a soft tissue border seen retrosternally or superiorly on
      lateral chest film produced by the wall of the aneurysm silhouetting against the
      midline cardiac shadow. This sign is not always present since it is dependent on
      the direction of projection of the aneurysm. However, when observed, it should
      suggest the proper diagnosis.

PMID- 179369
TI  - Breast patterns as an index of risk for developing breast cancer.
AB  - The radiographic appearance of the breast parenchyma provides a method of
      predicting who will develop a breast cancer. This paper describes a
      restrospective study of 7,214 patients. On the basis of the radiographic
      appearance of the breast parenchyma, patients were placed into one of four groups
      of risk for developing carcinoma of the breast. Follow-up studies revealed a
      stepwise progression in the incidence of developing carcinoma of the breast at
      least 6 months after the radiographic examination. In one of the two substudies,
      there was a 37 times greater incidence for those at highest risk compared to the
      low risk group. The classifications presented are thought to be of value in the
      everyday practice of mammography as well as in planning screening programs.

PMID- 179371
TI  - The chest x-ray in acute left ventricular power failure: an aid to determining
      prognosis of patients supported by intraaortic balloon pumping.
AB  - Serial chest x-rays were used as a means of evaluating the hemodynamic status of
      43 patients in acute left ventricular power failure (LVPF) complicating acute
      myocardial infarction who were assisted with balloon pumping. The following
      findings were reported: 1. In patients with acute myocardial infarction,
      prediction of the hemodynamic status on the basis of chest x-rays is less
      reliable when severe LVPF is present as a complication. 2. The incidence and
      severity of roentgenographic findings of congestive heart failure and pulmonary
      edema are increased in patients with severe LVPF compared to patients with
      uncomplicated myocardial infarction. 3. Improvement in the roentgenographic
      degree of heart failure with positive clinical and hemodynamic responses to 24 hr
      or less of balloon pumping is an indication that patients in severe acute LVPF
      may survive. Patients with deteriorating or unchanging chest x-ray findings have
      an extremely poor prognosis. These patients should be evaluated by cardiac
      catheterization and coronary arteriography to determine the appropriateness of
      emergency surgical correction.

PMID- 179372
TI  - Abnormal left ventricular catheter motion: an ancillary angiographic sign of left
      atrial myxoma.
AB  - The normal motion of a left ventricular catheter parallels that of the aortic
      root; it moves anterior during systole and posterior during diastole. In
      contrast, a prolapsing left atrial myxoma causes paradoxical motion of the
      catheter; posterior during systole and anterior during diastole. Paradoxical
      motion was found in each of five cases of prolapsing left atrial myxoma (no false
      negatives), and in six out of 61 controls (six false positives). In the false
      positive cases, the catheter was not positioned on the ventricular floor and
      usually only minor degrees of abnormal motion were present. Paradoxical motion of
      the left ventricular catheter is an ancillary angiographic finding in prolapsing
      left atrial tumor.

PMID- 179373
TI  - Evaluation of routine double contrast views of the anterior wall of the stomach.
AB  - Since June 1974, we have performed over 1,500 consecutive double contrast upper
      gastrointestinal examinations. The double contrast study of the anterior wall has
      been a useful adjunct to conventional mucosal relief and dosed compression
      studies. Nevertheless, the low diagnostic yield of the anterior wall examination
      does not appear to justify including it as part of the routine double contrast
      upper gastrointestinal study.

PMID- 179374
TI  - Intussusception of the appendix in children.
AB  - Intussusception of the appendix is uncommon and an unusual cause of ileocolic
      intussusception. The pediatric age group is most often affected. Appendiceal
      intussusception may present as primary appendiceal invagination but more commonly
      leads to secondary intussusception. Two cases of partial appendiceal
      intussusception leading to secondary intussusception are presented.
      Classification, symptomatology, radiographic appearance, and differential
      diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 179375
TI  - Plain film findings of gastric volvulus herniating into the chest.
AB  - When confronted with a chest radiograph demonstrating two large air-fluid levels,
      one in the retrocardiac mediastinum and the other beneath the left hemidiaphragm,
      the possibility of gastric volvulus herniating into the thorax should be strongly
      considered. These patients should have an immediate contrast study for further
      evaluation.

PMID- 179376
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of the esophagus.
AB  - A 46-year-old man had a large noncalcified tumor in the wall of the thoracic
      esophagus narrowing its lumen by projection of numerous firm nodular masses. The
      pathologic diagnosis was chondrosarcoma. Malignant degeneration of a
      tracheobronchial cartilaginous remnant is the main consideration in this first
      recorded case of esophageal chondrosarcoma.

PMID- 179377
TI  - Localized giant pseudopolyposis in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - A case of localized giant pseudopolyposis in ulcertative colitis is discussed in
      which a mass effect mimicked tumor. The fulminant collection of pseudopolyps was
      palable in the epigastrium on physical exam and caused a partial obstruction to
      the retrograde flow of barium. Carcinoma is a worrisome possibility in ulcerative
      colitis, but localized giant pseudopolyposis may also present as a mass.

PMID- 179378
TI  - Clinical and radiographic "reankylosis" following hip surgery in ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - Eleven patients with ankylosing spondylitis underwent reconstructive hip surgery
      (21 hips). In 10 of these hips multiple surgical procedures had been performed.
      The final procedure included total hip arthroplasties (16 hips), femoral cup
      arthroplasties (four hips) and an Austin-Moore prosthetic replacement (one hip).
      A clinical and radiographic evaluation in the postoperative period revealed a
      high incidence of decreased joint motion and heterotopic ossification. Clinically
      moderate to severe restriction of motion was noted in 12 hips, and in six of
      these "reankylosis" was present. Radiographically moderate to severe new bone
      formation was seen in 11 hips, and in nine of these "reankylosis" was suggested.
      An association of excessive ossification and multiple surgical procedures was
      evident. It would appear that when the prime indication for hip surgery in
      patients with ankylosing spondylitis is restricted motion, the operation may not
      be beneficial.

PMID- 179379
TI  - Medial deviation of the upper pole calyx on the intravenous urogram as an
      indication of vesicoureteral reflex.
AB  - Eighty-three intravenous pyelograms were studied to evaluate thinning of the
      parenchyma on the medial edge of the superior pole of the kidney as an indicator
      of vesicoureteral reflux. The data indicate that this finding is suggestive of
      reflux: the greater the difference between the two sides, the more likely the
      patient is to reflux.

PMID- 179381
TI  - Pseudotumor of the kidney: a sequel to regional glomerulonephritis.
AB  - An unusual case of chronic renal failure associated with an abnormal intravenous
      urogram simulating renal neoplasm is discussed. Extensive radiographic and
      histologic studies support the contention that the observed mass lesion resulted
      from a segmental or regional compensatory hypertrophy. It is likely that this
      case represents a variant of unilateral glomerulonephritis with sparing of a
      segment or lobe of one kidney and subsequent hypertrophy of that segment as the
      remaining renal mass atrophied.

PMID- 179380
TI  - Ultrasound diagnosis of posttransplant renal lymphocele.
AB  - Two cases of posttransplant renal lymphoceles were diagnosed and followed by
      ultrasound. Lymphocele formation is a significant but often not thought of cause
      in a rejectionlike picture. Because of its noninvasive nature, ultrasound is an
      ideal method to detect and follow this complication.

PMID- 179382
TI  - Tortuosity of the cavernous carotid arteries causing sellar expansion simulating
      pituitary adenoma.
AB  - Tortuous, medially-displaced cavernous carotid arteries may cause sellar
      enlargement which simulates pituitary adenoma. Systemic hypertension appears to
      account for this tortuosity in some cases, while a congenital anomaly is probably
      responsible in others. Medical position of the carotid sulci may be demonstrated
      on sellar tomography. Cerebral arteriography provides the correct diagnosis.
      Surgery, particularly transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, should be avoided in such
      patients.

PMID- 179383
TI  - Serial cerebral angiography in stereoscopic magnification.
AB  - A ceiling x-ray tube support with synchronous up and down movements is described
      for obtaining two parallel x-ray beams with a short focal-film distance.
      Stereoscopic cerebral angiography is performed with direct serial magnification
      using a heavy-duty anode tube with a 0.1 mm focus. This technique combines the
      advantages of magnification and stereoscopic angiography. Small arterial and
      venous changes can be observed clearly in three dimensions. The usefulness and
      limitations of this method are discussed using clinical and experimental data.

PMID- 179384
TI  - Radiologic changes in the thymoma-hypogammaglobulinemia syndrome.
AB  - Radiologic findings in the thymoma-hypogammaglobulinemia syndrome are encountered
      in three stages reflecting the natural history of the syndrome. Initially, a
      mediastinal mass is apparent on chest x-ray in an asymptomataic patient. At this
      stage a failing immune system has apparently induced compensatory thymic
      hyperplasia which progresses to frank neoplasia. In 55% of the cases this thymic
      tumor is paracardiac in location. With progressive failure of immunoglobulin
      production, acute and chronic pulmonary infiltrates occur secondary to infection.
      Markedly, decreased IgA in the bowel may eventually be manifested by radiologic
      changes of exudative enteropathy.

PMID- 179385
TI  - Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome: long term follow-up of a patient and review of
      the literature.
AB  - The cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome is a rare disorder, and most afflicted
      infants die during the first few months of life. The pertinent features of the
      syndrome are reviewed, and a hitherto undescribed finding in the pelvis is
      described. A case is reported in which vigorous treatment permitted survival.
      Serial roentgenograms subsequently demonstrated a progressive diminution of the
      characteristic posterior rib-gap defects.

PMID- 179386
TI  - Intestinal perforations secondary to nasojejunal feeding tubes.
AB  - Infant alimentation by nasojejunal tube feeding has been successfully used since
      1973. A significant complication is small bowel perforation by the tube; three
      cases are presented. The differential diagnosis includes spontaneous gastric
      perforation and necrotizing enterocolitis. Nasojejunal tube perforation almost
      always occurs in the distal duodenum. It is likely the result of peristaltic
      activity which propels the tube along the relatively rigid duodenal loop. Thus it
      is preferable to position the tube end distal to the ligament of Treitz.

PMID- 179387
TI  - Lesion conspicuity, structured noise, and film reader error.
AB  - The concept of conspicuity is introduced in an attempt to objectively quantitate
      radiographic observational error. Defined as a ratio between lesion contrast and
      surround complexity, the measure correlates well with the probability of
      detecting faint nodular lesions in chest radiographs. The concept helps in
      understanding why abnormalities are missed by radiologists. It is also used to
      explain why image-processing techniques advocated in the past did not yield
      improvements in diagnostic accuracy and to outline directions for the future.
      Preliminary results are presented which show that photographic subtraction can
      increase the conspicuity of simulated early lung lesions and improve their
      detection.

PMID- 179388
TI  - A circular test pattern for evaluating x-ray tube focal spots.
AB  - The design and use of a circular x-ray resolution test pattern is presented. This
      pattern is shown to yield equivalent focal spot dimensions equal to those
      obtained with the more commonly used star pattern. The advantage of using the
      circular pattern is that it obviates the necessity of positioning the pattern
      strictly along the x-ray beam central axis. A major source of experimental error
      in making focal spot measurements is therefore circumvented, especially in the
      case of x-ray tubes with a small target angle.

PMID- 179389
TI  - Proceedings: Bone mineral content in full-term infants measured by direct photon
      absorptiometry.

PMID- 179390
TI  - Lack of gallium uptake in primary hepatic amyloidosis.
AB  - 99mTc-sulfur colloid and 67Ga citrate hepatic scintigrams showed matching defects
      in a patient with diffuse primary amyloidosis. Amyloidosis should be added to the
      usual differential diagnosis of such matching lesions which includes cysts,
      fibrosis, most benign tumors, and occasional metastatic lesions which do not
      concentrate gallium.

PMID- 179391
TI  - Incidentally detected thrombosed vein during 67Ga citrate scanning.
AB  - A patient with stage IVA Hodgkin's disease developed thrombosis of the right
      cephalic vein at the site of an indwelling catheter. A few weeks later, 72 and 96
      hr scans after injection of 67Ga citrate revealed an increased linear uptake
      where the thrombosed vein was palpated. As far as we know, this is the first case
      showing abnormal uptake of this agent in a thrombosed vein. It is postulated that
      residual chronic inflammatory cells are responsible for 67Ga citrate uptake in
      this case.

PMID- 179392
TI  - Electron beam therapy in head and neck tumors.
AB  - Electron beam therapy with its high energy capabilities appears promising as a
      therapeutic modality in head and neck neoplasms. Over a 10-year period, 153 cases
      of head and neck neoplasms involving the alveolar ridge, floor of mouth, buccal
      mucosa, retromolar trigone, tonsil, parotid, tongue, and pharynx were treated.
      The pharyngeal group was removed from consideration because of the unsuitability
      of this lesion for single port therapy. Normal standard doses and time-dose
      fractions are included as a basis for treatment comparison, and the influence of
      stage on survival is noted. Survival and tolerance of this form of treatment is
      comparable to photon therapy and may in fact result in fewer complications.

PMID- 179393
TI  - Surgical treatment of advanced carcinoma of the floor of the mouth.
AB  - The anterior arch of the mandible is essential for satisfactory oral function and
      appearance. It can be preserved in surgical treatment of advanced cancers of the
      floor of the mouth by partial thickness resection. Surgery and radiation are
      approximately equally effective in the control of advanced (T3) primary lesions.
      A treatment plan is proposed which employs a combination of nondisabling surgical
      resection followed by immediate postoperative radiation. Of 19 patients with T2,
      T3, and T4 lesions treated and followed 1 year or more, 11 were free of cancer,
      including six who had positive lymph nodes. Of those dying of cancer, only one
      had local recurrence, while recurrence in the neck occurred in four. This report
      further strengthens the need for postsurgical radiation in certain situations.

PMID- 179394
TI  - Central axis depth dose for a 2.5 MV Van de Graaff generator.
AB  - Central axis percentage depth dose values and isodose curves for the
      bremsstrahlung beam from a 2.5 MV Van de Graaff generator were measured with a
      water phantom at 100 cm target-to-surface distance. Tissue-air ratios were
      calculated from the central axis depth dose data. Use of the 2.5 MV percentage
      depth dose values are necessary for treatment planning since they are
      substantially larger than the values given in compilations for 2.0 MV beams.

PMID- 179395
TI  - Proceedings: Concurrent x-ray photodensitometric and gamma-ray absorptiometric
      measurements of bone mineral in the radius in patients.

PMID- 179396
TI  - Proceedings: A two-energy densitometry method for measuring bone mineral
      concentrations and bone densities in-vitro and in-vivo.

PMID- 179397
TI  - Proceedings: An electronic device for direct readout of bone mineral content from
      roentgenograms scanned with a microphotodensitometer.

PMID- 179398
TI  - Proceedings: The relationships between bending stiffness, mineral content,
      geometry, and strength of the human ulna.

PMID- 179399
TI  - Proceedings: A new detector for absorptiometric measurements.

PMID- 179400
TI  - Proceedings: Bone imaging using a gadolinium-153 source and a xenon-filled
      multiwire proportional counter as detector.

PMID- 179401
TI  - Proceedings: Bone densitometry with the aid of computerized transaxial
      tomography.

PMID- 179403
TI  - Proceedings: Recent advances in skeletal trans-imaging.

PMID- 179402
TI  - Proceedings: Regional and whole-body bone mineral content measurement with a
      rectilinear scanner.

PMID- 179404
TI  - Proceedings: Measurement of bone mineral density using coherent and Compton
      scattering.

PMID- 179405
TI  - Proceedings: Experience with photon scattering measurements of bone density.

PMID- 179406
TI  - Proceedings: Bone mineral mass and width in normal white women and men.

PMID- 179407
TI  - Proceedings: Bone mineral content of the growing skeleton.

PMID- 179408
TI  - Proceedings: Validity of the absorptiometric measurement of bone mineral content
      of the radius.

PMID- 179409
TI  - Proceedings: Influence of skeletal size on bone mineral content: skeletal size
      adjusted national and international normative trend lines.

PMID- 179410
TI  - Proceedings: Bone demineralization in renal failure: a longitudinal study of the
      distal femur using photon absorptiometry.

PMID- 179411
TI  - Proceedings: Bone mineral analysis in renal osteodystrophy.

PMID- 179412
TI  - Proceedings: The effect of chronic renal failure and maintenance hemodialysis on
      bone mineral content of the radius.

PMID- 179413
TI  - Proceedings: The need for differential bone mineral standards for blacks.

PMID- 179414
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of combined therapy with sodium fluoride, calcium, and
      vitamin D on the lumbar spine in osteoporosis.

PMID- 179415
TI  - Proceedings: Bone mineral content changes in the Skylab astronauts.

PMID- 179416
TI  - Proceedings: Physical activity--a modality for bone accretion in the aged.

PMID- 179417
TI  - Proceedings: The slowing of the rate of mineral loss with aging.

PMID- 179418
TI  - Proceedings: Prediction of femoral neck fracture from a pelvic x-ray.

PMID- 179419
TI  - Proceedings: Bone mineral determinations on long-term diabetics.

PMID- 179420
TI  - Proceedings: An overview of clinical applications of photon absorptiometry.

PMID- 179421
TI  - Proceedings: Bone mineral content in patients with gonadal dysfunction.

PMID- 179422
TI  - Proceedings: Bone mineral content in anticonvulsant osteomalacia.

PMID- 179423
TI  - Proceedings: Quantitative bone mineral analyses in patients with inflammatory
      bowel disease.

PMID- 179424
TI  - Proceedings: The proximal end of tibia, a sensitive site for measurement of the
      bone mineral content in lower limb dysfunction.

PMID- 179425
TI  - Proceedings: Skeletal mass in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with forearm
      bone mineral content.

PMID- 179426
TI  - Proceedings: Roentgen signs of vertebral demineralization and mineral content of
      peripheral cancellous bone.

PMID- 179427
TI  - Proceedings: Partial body calcium measurements by in vivo neutron activation
      analysis.

PMID- 179428
TI  - Proceedings: Experimental use of photon absorptiometry in animal research models.

PMID- 179429
TI  - Proceedings: Percentages of cortical and trabecular bone mineral mass in the
      radius and ulna.

PMID- 179430
TI  - Proceedings: Comparison of bone mineral content (BMC) in different skeletal
      sites.

PMID- 179431
TI  - Proceedings: A rectilinear scanning technique for bone mineral measurements in
      animals.

PMID- 179432
TI  - Editorial: Bone mineral measurement.

PMID- 179433
TI  - Paul A. Bishop memorial.

PMID- 179434
TI  - Significance of glucose tolerance as prognostic sign in hepatectomized patients.
AB  - Glucose tolerance was determined in fourteen patients with cancer of the liver.
      The patients with parabolic GTT patterns fared relatively better than did those
      with linear GTT patterns. In the patients with successful extended right
      hepatectomy, gradually increasing and long-standing hyperglycemia (linear GTT
      pattern) in response to an oral glucose load was not observed after hepatectomy
      and the insulin response was significantly greater than that in controls.
      However, in the patient with unsuccessful extended right hepatectomy, the linear
      GTT pattern continued for a more prolonged period after hepatectomy.

PMID- 179435
TI  - Hormone effects on human mammary cancer in organ cultures.
AB  - Specimens of human breast cancers and fibrosarcomas were incubated for 4 to 72
      hours as organ cultures. The effect of various concentrations of testosterone,
      progesterone, and 17-beta-estradiol on cell survival and multiplication was
      measured as changes in incorporation of H3-TdR into DNA. Both types of tumor
      reacted to the hormones; both stimulations and inhibitions were recorded.
      Statistical analysis of data demonstrated possible influence of factors other
      than hormone treatment. The specificity of hormone sensitivity assays in vitro is
      questioned.

PMID- 179436
TI  - Total pancreatectomy for ductal carcinoma of the head of the pancreas: current
      status.
AB  - Because of dismal results after pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the
      head of the pancreas, a review was made of patients treated by total
      pancreatectomy for this condition. Although the early experience with total
      pancreatic resection was disappointing, the results during the past decade have
      been encouraging. Among the forty-two patients reported on with sufficient detail
      for analysis the operative mortality has been 17 per cent, and the morbidity has
      been 21 per cent. Sixty-five per cent of these patients (20 of 30) have  survived
      at least one year and 53 per cent (16 of 30) have lived at least two years after
      surgery. The management of the diabetes and pancreatic insufficiency has not been
      difficult. Total pancreatectomy appears to be preferable to
      pancreaticoduodenectomy in the treatment of ductal carcinoma of the head of the
      pancreas.

PMID- 179438
TI  - [Vestibular recruitment and decruitment. Their study and meaning in the clinical
      manifestations of otoneurology].

PMID- 179437
TI  - Giant insulinoma.
AB  - A patient with an extremely large insulinoma but short duration of symptoms is
      reported on. Fasting hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinism, and angiography were the
      modalities used to diagnose and locate the tumor.

PMID- 179439
TI  - [Various considerations on nasopharyngeal angiofibroma].

PMID- 179440
TI  - An automated continuous assay of membrane-bound and solube ATPases and related
      enzymes.

PMID- 179441
TI  - Rapid acetylation of alcohols at the microgram level using a celite-acetyl
      methanesulfonate column.

PMID- 179442
TI  - A modified fluorometric method for the determination of microgram quantities of
      DNA from cell or tissue cultures.

PMID- 179443
TI  - A more sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate
      (cGMP) involving prior 2'-O-succinylation of samples.

PMID- 179444
TI  - The use of bacterial luciferase and a liquid scintillation spectrometer to assay
      the enzymatic synthesis of NAD.

PMID- 179445
TI  - The enzymic isolation of adult rat hepatocytes in a functional and viable state.

PMID- 179447
TI  - Factors affecting the specificity of the luminol reaction with hematin compounds.

PMID- 179446
TI  - Chromosomal proteins: tightly bound nucleic acid and its bearing on the
      measurement of nonhistone protein phosphorylation.

PMID- 179448
TI  - Quantitative estimation of 3'5' cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase using anion exchange
      resin in a batch process.

PMID- 179449
TI  - Catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the developing golden hamster
      palate.
AB  - The present study was initiated to determine whether specific hormones would
      influence adenylate cyclase activity within the maxillary-palatal complex during
      formation of the hamster secondary palate. Stages from initial appearance of the
      palatal processes to shortly after birth were studied. Highest basal adenylate
      cyclase activities occurred during the earliest periods of palate development.
      This basal enzyme activity began to diminish as palatal fusion occurred and
      remained lowered until birth. Activation of adenylate cyclase by fluoride was
      maximal at concentrations of 5-10 mM, and was observed throughout the span of
      palatal development. Fluoride activation of adenylate cyclase was greatest prior
      to fusion of the palatal processes, then decreased until birth when a slightly
      increased enzymatic stimulation was seen. Norepinephrine and epinphrine were the
      catecholamines most capable of inducing increased activation of adenylate cyclase
      at most periods of palatal growth. Increased enzyme activity in the presence of
      norepinephrine was more susceptible to antagonism by the beta adrenergic agent,
      propranolol, than to the alpha adrenergic agent, phentolamine. The remaining
      catecholamines, namely isoproterenol and dopamine, displayed a lesser ability to
      activate the enzyme, and adenylate cyclase was not equally responsive to these
      catecholamines at identical developmental stages. Other hormones, i.e. histamine,
      serotonin, thyrotropin, growth hormone, thyroxine and glucagon were generally
      ineffective in activating the enzyme. Phosphodiesterase activity was not detected
      until shortly before birth.

PMID- 179450
TI  - [Cytochrom P-450. Its value in toxicology. I. Physicochemical and biochemical
      properties].
AB  - We present the distribution of cytochrome P450, the terminal oxidase of the
      microsomal drug-metabolizing system among the different species, organs, and its
      subcellular localization. Physicochemical properties, and more specially spectral
      properties, of this hemoprotein are reviewed. We also described the two
      microsomal electron transport chains and the hypothetical cyclic oxidoreduction
      mechanism of cytochrome P450 in the hydroxylation reactions.

PMID- 179451
TI  - Immunity to equine herpesvirus type 1 (rhinopneumonitis): in vitro lymphocyte
      response.
AB  - Twenty-two ponies were examined for serum-neutralizing (SN) antibody to equine
      herpesvirus type 1 and for in vitro lymphocyte transformation in the presence of
      viral antigen. Six ponies had undetectable levels of neutralizing antibody (titer
      less than 1:2) and had lymphocytes which did not respond in culture with viral
      antigen (stimulation index less than 2.0). Four ponies which had SN antibody to
      equine herpesvirus type 1 did not manifest lymphocyte transformation in vitro.
      The 12 remaining seropositive ponies had lymphocyte transformation with viral
      antigen in vitro (stimulation indexes from 2.0 to 23.5). Lymphocyte
      transformation was specifically suppressed when cells were grown in medium
      containing autologous serum. The temporal development of in vitro lymphocyte
      responsiveness and SN antibody in 3 specific-pathogenfree ponies after
      experimentally induced infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 is described.

PMID- 179452
TI  - Experimental placental transfer of foot-and-mouth disease virus in mice.
AB  - An attenuated type O foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus which was virulent for
      infant, but not for pregnant, mice proved to be superior to a virulent type C FMD
      virus in the development of a model system for the study of placental transfer of
      FMD in mice. When mice were inoculated at day 8 or 12 of gestation with type O
      FMD virus, the virus was detectable in the maternal pancreas for 3 days and in
      the placenta for 6 days. Viral levels in the fetus and the amniotic fluid were
      inconsistent and were apparently due to a spillover from the placental infection.
      The elimination of the virus from the placenta coincided with the expected
      production of maternal 7S antibody. Mice inoculated from days 0 to 12 of
      gestation did not have a significant increase in dead young by day 18 (the day of
      necropsy). Similarly inoculated mice, when permitted to go to term, produced and
      raised normal-size litters. Inoculation on day 15 of gestation resulted in an
      increased number of deaths due to morbidity of the dams. It was concluded that
      the placenta serves as an active site of infection for FMD virus in pregnant
      mice, but the fetus is relatively resistant to infection.

PMID- 179454
TI  - [Diagnostic value of laparoscopy in hepatomas. Apropos of 60 cases].

PMID- 179453
TI  - [Hepatomas. Autopsy evaluation and morphologic aspect of 3,700 autopsies].

PMID- 179455
TI  - [Sporadic and familial recurrent truncular paralysis].

PMID- 179456
TI  - Functional possibilities for aminoacylation of viral RNA in transcription and
      translation.
AB  - RNA from at least ten viruses, representing more than four different group, is
      known to specifically bind in amino acid in a tRNA-like manner. The biological
      function of aminoacylation of RNA from these viruses and of tRNA association with
      tumor viruses and bacteriophage, is discussed. Hypothetical schemes are presented
      for a role for aminoacylation in viral translational and transcriptional
      mechanisms, and the current evidence relating to these models is presented.

PMID- 179457
TI  - Interactions of plant viral RNAs and tRNA nucleotidyl transferase.
AB  - Ribonucleic acid from TMV and BMV can accept AMP and CMP when digested with VPD.
      This incorporation is catalyzed by E. coli and yeast tRNA nucleotidyl
      transferases. Complex formation is obtained between TYMV RNA and tRNA nucleotidyl
      transferase in sucrose gradients while TMV and BMV RNAs failed to form a complex
      in the same conditions. The affinity of the enzyme for viral RNAs is lower than
      the affinity for tRNA as shown by complex formation on nitrocellulose filters and
      competition with tRNA. Coat protein from TMV particles enhances AMP and CMP
      incorporation onto tRNA catalyzed by the E. coli tRNA nucleotidyl transferase.

PMID- 179458
TI  - Mapping of the genome of Prague Rous sarcoma virus B.

PMID- 179459
TI  - [Reticulohistiocytosis of benign evolution (Hashimoto-Pritzker type). Electron
      microscopy study].
AB  - We describe a rare form of histiocytosis, characterized by numerous tumoral
      lesions of the skin appearing at birth and desappearing spontaneously within 2
      month without visceral lesions and without systemic symptoms. Light microscopy
      shows histiocytes, some of which contain an irregular nucleus with a spumous
      cytoplasm surrounded by many red blood cells. Electron microscopy shows myelinoid
      inclusions in the histiocyte cytoplasm and "vermiform" bodies. In our opinion, a
      similar anatomoclinical entity was described for the first time and only once by
      Hashimoto and Pritzker.

PMID- 179460
TI  - [Examination of the peripheral blood in 100 dermatology cases].
AB  - Routine examination under the electron microscope of lymphocytes from peripheral
      blood in 100 patients with skin disease and 20 healthly controls, was carried out
      seeking branched tubular inclusions of lupus type and lymphocytes with an
      indented or cribriform nucleus, and gave the following results: -Presence of
      inclusions of lupus type in 8 cases (4 cases of systemic lupus out of 15
      examined, 1 case of sclerodermatomyositis, 3 lymphomas of the skin). These
      results confirm previous studies carried out in cases of collagen disease and, in
      addition, demonstrate branched tubular inclusions in lymphomas, they emphasize
      the importance of the lymphocyte as common denominator in man, in both auto
      immune diseases and in lymphoma.-The presence of cells with an indented, or
      cribriform nucleus in 12 cases out of 100 patients (8 cases of Sezary syndrome
      out of 8; 4 cases of mycosis fungoides out of 12). Lymphoma deposits were never
      found outside the skin. -A second type of cytoplasmiclymphocytic inclusion, with
      a lamellar appearance, has already been described by Hovig and was noted in 13
      cases out of 120 biopsies in various diseases and in 2 healthy controls. These
      were perhaps artifacts.

PMID- 179461
TI  - [Importance of replacing the support medium for viral interferonogenesis in
      tissue culture].
AB  - Interferonogenesis in the cells of chick embryos induced by strain Lee of
      influenza B virus was studied. The levels of interferon production with and
      without changing the medium before the cell inoculation with the interferonogens
      were compared. It was shown that preliminary changing of the medium resulted in a
      statistically reliable increase in production of interferon as compared to that
      without the medium changing. It was found that the increase in the synthesis of
      interferon under the conditions of the maintaining medium changing was
      accompanied by an increase in the levels of synthesis of the cellular protein and
      RNA determined by incorporation of C14-leucine and H3-uridine into the acid
      insoluble fraction of the cells. It is concluded that metabolic changes in the
      cells at the moment of interferonogenesis induction due to the maintaining medium
      changing should be considered in estimation of the experiments on the mechanism
      of the virus induced interferonogenesis in the tissue culture.

PMID- 179462
TI  - [Sensitivity of various races of the tularemia microbe to erythromycin,
      oleandomycin and polymyxin].
AB  - Sensitivity of 66 strains of the tularemia microbe to erythromycin, oleandomycin
      and polymyxin was studied. It was shown that all the strains were resistant to
      polymyxin. The strains of the non-artic and Central Asiatic races and 64 per cent
      of the strains of the holarctic race were resistant to erythromycin and
      oleandomycin.

PMID- 179463
TI  - [Study of C1. perfringens resistance to lincomycin].
AB  - A possibility of developing resistant forms of C1. perfringens during treatment
      of experimental anaerobic (gaseous) infection with lincomycin was studied. It was
      shown that treatment of the animals for 7 days resulted in an increase in the
      resistance by 33-41 times. It was noted that strains with decreased sensitivity
      to lincomycins had changed morphology and biochemical activity (decreased
      lecitinase activity, changed biochemical properties), decreased virulence and
      pathogenicity for animals. So as to obtain the protective effect of the
      antibiotics in experimental anaerobic (gaseous) infection caused by resistant
      variants of C1. perfringens it was necessary to increase 1.5-3 times the doses of
      lincomycin or chlolincocin as compared to the processes induced by sensitive
      strains.

PMID- 179464
TI  - [Chromatography of carboxylic acids on thin sorbent layers].

PMID- 179465
TI  - [Quantitative determination of anhydroleandomycin and glycol in oleandomycin
      phosphate].
AB  - A spectrophotometric method for determination of inactive admixtures in
      oleandomycin phosphate-anhydrooleandomycin was developed. The method was based on
      measuring optical density of methanol solutions of oleandomycin and its
      admixtures at a wave length of 235 nm of UV-spectrum. The minimun detectable
      amount was 0.5 per cent. A method of thin-layer chromatography in a buffered
      fixed layer was developed for determination of the 2nd inactive admixture, i.e.
      glycole. The chromatogrammes were developed with xanthydrol. The minimum
      detectable amount was 3 mug.

PMID- 179466
TI  - [Effect of migillin on protein synthesis in intact and virally infected TKCE and
      FL cells].
AB  - The effect of migillin was studied with respect to protein synthesis in the cells
      of TKCE (transplantable line of cells of the kidneys of cow embryos) and FL-
      intact and infected with viruses of aphtous fever A22, strain 550 and
      poliomyelitis of type III, strain Saukett respectively. Simultaneously the effect
      of migillin on sensitivity of the cells to the above viruses was tested. The
      synthesis of protein was determined by incorporation of C14-glycine into the acid
      insoluble fraction of the cells. It was found that protein synthesis
      significantly increased under the effect of migillin in both the intact cells and
      the cells infected with the viruses. The viruses of aphtous fever and
      poliomyelitis inhibited the synthesis of proteins. The antibiotic increased the
      activity of dehydrogenases and respiration of HEp-2 cells. Migillin markedly
      suppressed reproduction of the poliomyelitis virus, the effect on the virus of
      aphtous fever was lower in the cell culture. In guinea pigs the antiviral effect
      of the antibiotic resulted in prolongation of the incubation period and
      retardation of the aphtous fever process generalization. The results of the
      experiments showed that migillin stimulated the activity of dehydrogenases,
      respiration, protein synthesis in the cell cultures and possessed antiviral
      activity in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 179467
TI  - Hormonal regulation of fatty acid synthetase in chick embryo liver.

PMID- 179468
TI  - Calcium accumulation and cyclic AMP-stimulated phosphorylation in plasma membrane
      enriched preparations of myocardium.

PMID- 179469
TI  - Oxygen activation by isolated chloroplasts from Euglena gracilis. Ferredoxin
      dependent function of a fluorescent compound and photosynthetic electron
      transport close to photosystem.

PMID- 179470
TI  - Specific cleavage of the native type III collagen molecule with trypsin.
      Similarity of the cleavage products to collagenase-produced fragments and primary
      structure at the cleavage site.

PMID- 179471
TI  - Primary and secondary effects of ascorbate on procollagen synthesis and protein
      synthesis by primary cultures of tendon fibroblasts.

PMID- 179472
TI  - Calcium-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from brain identification
      of phospholipids as calcium-independent activators.

PMID- 179473
TI  - [Cyto-immunological localization of polypeptide hormones, ACTH, beta MSH and beta
      LPH in swine adenohypophysis].

PMID- 179474
TI  - [Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma].

PMID- 179475
TI  - Letter: Leser-Trelat sign with porphyria cutanea tarda and malignant hepatoma.

PMID- 179477
TI  - Freeze-etching observations of herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus isolated from the cheek lesions of a patient was propagated
      on FL cells. Pellets of infected cells were cryoprotected with glycerol, and
      processed for freeze-etching. Viral nucleocapsids were observed in the nucleus of
      FL cells. The cores were observed in three forms. Capsomeres were clearly shown.
      Release of virus particles from the nucleus and the plasmalemma was more clearly
      observed. Myeloid figures and lipid droplets were also found. The significance of
      these findings is discussed.

PMID- 179478
TI  - Effects of melanocyte stimulating hormone and theophylline on human melanocytes
      in vitro.
AB  - The effects of MSH on the human melanocyte in vitro were studied. The addition of
      MSH up to the concentration of 40 mug/ml into the culture medium did not produce
      appreciable change on the morphology of the melanocyte. The melanocyte, however,
      responded to the simultaneous addition of MSH and theophylline with marked
      increase in the length and complexity of the dendritic process. Melanin
      synthesis, as indicated by the uptake of tyrosine in the presence of an inhibitor
      of protein synthesis, was remarkably activated by the simultaneous addition of
      MSH and theophylline. MSH alone activated the melanin synthesis only slightly,
      but the increase in the uptake of tyrosine was significant statistically. These
      results were discussed in terms of the MSH-cyclic AMP cascade in which
      theophylline worked as an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, and
      increased the intracellular level of cyclic AMP by inhibiting catabolism of
      cyclic AMP.

PMID- 179479
TI  - [Electrophoretic profile of thermostable and thermoresistant Herpesvirus
      proteins].

PMID- 179476
TI  - Vincristine toxicity unrelated to dose.
AB  - Four children with vincristine toxicity unrelated to dose are described. Fever,
      haematological toxicity, and abdominal distension occurred 2-7 days after
      vincristine was given. Convulsions occurred 6-8 days after vincristine in all 4.
      Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone was thought to have occurred in 3
      patients. 2 patients died during the acute toxicity phase. Necropsy findings did
      not show neuronal changes which could be directly ascribed to vincristine.

PMID- 179480
TI  - [Study of the serum neutralization kinetics of some strains of Bovid Herpesvirus
      2].

PMID- 179481
TI  - [Bacteriological studies on alimentary egg paste. Hygienic and sanitary aspects
      of the problem].

PMID- 179482
TI  - [Some morphological parameters in Adenovirus, SV 40 and PARA-transformed cells].

PMID- 179484
TI  - Immunocompetence of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - Patients with lung carcinoma were tested for number of circulating thymus-derived
      (T-)lymphocytes and lymphocyte cytotoxicity before treatment and following
      operation or radiation therapy or a combination of the two. The proportion of
      circulating T-lymphocytes in healthy individuals was 75%, and the T-lymphocyte
      level was 1, 460 per cubic millimeter. All patients with lung cancer had a
      significantly decreased percentage and absolute number of T-cells before any
      treatment. Patients tested six to eight weeks following pneumonectomy or
      lobectomy showed an increased proportion of circulating T-cells in comparison to
      pretreatment values. Functional activity of immune lymphocytes as shown by
      cytotoxicity assay also improved in comparison to pretreatment values. The
      potential value of tests for immunocompetence is discussed.

PMID- 179485
TI  - Sleep patterns and gastric acid secretion in duodenal ucler disease.
AB  - Five normal volunteers and five patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) disease were
      studied for five consecutive nights. All subjects underwent placement of a
      nasogastric tube, continuous collection of gastric juice, and continuous
      electroencephalographic monitoring of sleep. Gastric juice was collected in 20
      minute samples by remote suction (Gomco). Blood samples were drawn every 20
      minutes on the third night via an indwelling venous needle. Results showed no
      significant correlations between the sleep variables and the gastric acid
      secretion measures or between the sleep variables and serum gastrin levels. Acid
      secretion decreased from hour 1 to hour 2 in controls and in patients with
      inactive DU disease, while it increased in patients with active DU disease. Each
      subject had at least one night of recording in which continuous gastric secretion
      was less than 0.1 mEq per 20-minute sample. It appears unlikely that the gastric
      discomfort of DU patients can be attributed to acid hypersecretion triggered by
      rapid eye movement sleep.

PMID- 179483
TI  - Functional tumors of the organ of Zuckerkandl.
AB  - Chromaffin-reacting pheochromocytomas of the adrenal medulla are the most
      frequently encountered functional paraganglionic neoplasms. However, extra
      adrenal pheochromocytomas as well as non-chromaffin paragangliomas, including
      those of the carotid body and glomus jugulare, may produce symptoms from
      catecholamine secretion. One of the extra-adrenal sites from which these tumors
      arise is from a collection of para-aortic, paraganglion cells around the origin
      of the inferior mesenteric artery. This collection of paraganglia was described
      in fetuses by Zuckerkandl in 1901 and has subsequently been referred to as the
      organ of Zuckerkandl. The diagnosis and management of these neoplasms differ
      somewhat from that of adrenal pheochromocytomas, but excellent results are often
      obtained by excision of these lesions. Four patients with functional tumors of
      the organ of Zuckerkandl are reviewed together with the other reported cases in
      the literature.

PMID- 179487
TI  - Influence of several nucleotides on the competence development of Bacillus
      subtilis.
AB  - The influence of adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and other
      nucleotides on the competence development of Bacillus subtilis was studied. The
      stimulation of competence which can be achieved by exposing physiologically low
      competent cells to supernatants from highly competent cultures can be inhibited
      with different cAMP doses. When the same cells were suspended in a minimal medium
      with cAMP, varying degrees of stimulatin- of competence were observed depending
      on the time of addition of the drug. This effect is not specific for cAMP. It
      appears to be correlated to an increase of the amount of DNA bound to the
      competent cells. cAMP activities were antagonized by equimolar doses of adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine-triphosphate (GTP).

PMID- 179486
TI  - Oxidative phosphorylation in Micrococcus denitrificans: calculation of the P/O
      ratio in growing cells.
AB  - P/O ratios were measured in membrane particles obtained from cells of Micrococcus
      denitrificans, while growing on different carbon sources. The membrane particles
      obtained from cells growing actively on glucose, succinate, ethanol and propanol
      as the carbon and energy sources catalyzed oxidative phosphorylation and yielded
      respective P/O ratios of 1.4, 1.2, 0.8, and 0.5 with NADH, and 0.8, 0.6, 0.6, and
      0.5 with succinate as the electron donors. Not such a difference in P/O ratio is
      observed in intact resting cells grown with different carbon sources. It is
      concluded that the influence of the carbon source is probably directed towards
      the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in membrane particles and not in the
      growing cells. For the aerobic carbon source-limited chemostat cultures the
      following maximum growth yields were determined: 40.2 and 34.2 for succinate and
      oxygen, 41.7 and 36.5 for malate and oxygen, 81.4 and 39.4 for mannitol and
      oxygen, and 77.8 and 43.4 for gluconate and oxygen respectively. With a
      mathematical model (de Kwaadsteniet et al., in press) the P/O ratio was valued at
      1.4-1.7. YATP at mu=0.2 was valued at 8.7-10.9; YmaxATP at 9.6-13.2 and me at 0.6
      4.5 for the most precise experiment (gluconate-limited). The calculation of these
      growth parameters has been discussed.

PMID- 179488
TI  - Energy metabolism of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. II. P/O ratio and ATP pool
      turnover rate.
AB  - The P/O ratio of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, strain Bd 109 Sa, was evaluated by
      two different methods based on the determination of energy-rich phosphate bonds
      and either NADH oxidation or oxygen-uptake. P/O values calculated on the basis of
      NADH oxidation were up to 6, which has to be regarded as being overestimated. P/O
      values calculated from energy-rich phosphate bonds and oxygen uptake were around
      2. The P/O values determined for Escherichia coli B were similar. The loss of
      phosphorylation efficiency at one site is discussed. The ATP pool turnover rate
      of Bdellovibrio was 8/min during endogenous respiration and 24/min during
      substrate respiration. The corresponding values in Escherichia coli B were 3/min
      and 38/min.

PMID- 179489
TI  - The effect of glucose and manganese on adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate levels
      during growth and differentiation of Aspergillus nidulans.
AB  - The role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) during growth and development
      of Aspergillus nidulans was investigated. In normal cultures the highest amount
      of cAMP, expressed on a dry weight basis, was found after 24 h of growth when
      still more than 5% glucose was present in the medium. After depletion of the
      medium even a slight fall in cAMP was noted. Glucose concentrations ranging from
      0.5-12% resulted in a slight decrease in the amount of cAMP as measured after 24
      h of growth. Cultures with manganese deficiency resulted in a low cAMP level
      after 24 h of growth. However, the exhaustion of glucose in the absence of
      manganese was connected with a sharp increase in cAMP. This indicates that
      manganese shortage was not a direct cause of the low cAMP level after 24 h. The
      amount of cAMP rose with increasing concentration of manganese in the medium
      until a maximum at 0.25 muM. It is tempting to speculate that this rise in cAMP
      in the manganese deficient culture is explained by the absence of glucose, that
      in the control culture is derived from the breakdown of the reserve material
      alpha-1,3-glucan. Addition of manganese after glucose exhaustion to a manganese
      deficient culture induced cleistothecium formation. However, they contained only
      a few ascospores indicating the importance of alpha-1,3-glucan as a carbon and
      energy source for ascospore formation. The regulation of the level of cAMP by the
      transport of glucose into the cell or its intracellular concentration is
      discussed.

PMID- 179490
TI  - [Histological and electron microscopy studies on the adenocarcinomatosis of
      laying hens].
AB  - Histological examination of 187 tumours from 98 hens (laying hybrids of various
      lines, age 80-123 weeks) showed that highly-differentiated tubulo-alveolar
      adenocarcinoma was present in 95% of the birds; in 20% it had a scirrhus
      structure. Histological and ultrastructural features of these carcinomas and
      their tendency to form secretory granules pointed to an origin from the protein
      secreting part of the oviduct (magnum). In the remaining 5% of birds there were
      non-specific adenocarcinomas (probably ovarian carcinoma) and mesotheliomas.

PMID- 179491
TI  - Primary Krukenberg tumour in pregnancy.
AB  - The literature on primary Krukenberg tumours in pregnancy is reviewed. 6 cases
      are reported and all could be accepted as complying with the international
      classification of primary ovarian tumours. An additional case is presented with
      mostly osteoplastic metastases and necrosis of the marrow.

PMID- 179492
TI  - [C-type-like particles in normal human placentas (author's transl)].
AB  - Evidence is presented for the presence of C-type-like particles in the
      syncytiotrophoblast of normal human placentas. In 10 of 110 mainly immature
      placentas studied both extracellular and budding particles were found.

PMID- 179493
TI  - Local effects of silica on tumor growth inhibition. A histological study.
AB  - The subcutaneous implant of a fibrosarcoma covered with silica, in rats, resulted
      in a temporary retardation of tumor growth. The histological study demonstrated
      that the silica provoked, within and at the periphery of the tumor, inflammatory
      foci which altered the composition of the fundamental substance and which
      promoted the accumulation of principally macrophages in the interior as well as
      on the surface of the tumoral mass. Besides the macrophages of the host, a number
      of tumor cells do also phagocyte silica crystals, leading to destruction of all
      those cells. The authors are of the opinion that the local modifications provoked
      by silica, could have interfered in the adaptation of the tumor with its nutrient
      stroma. Of these modifications, the stroma sclerosis seems to be the most
      effective in the inhibition of tumor growth. Some correlations were suggested
      between the here described results and those obtained by other workers who have
      used other inflammatory agents of different nature.

PMID- 179495
TI  - Neuropathy in the upper extremity after open-heart surgery.
AB  - Eleven patients with upper-extremity neurological abnormalities underwent open
      heart surgery performed through a median sternotomy incision. Seven of the 11
      patients were referred in the routine manner to evaluate and treat the
      neurological problem. The remaining four were part of a consecutively studied
      group of 11 patients examined prospectively to determine the possible presence of
      abnormalities. Two of these four patients were asymptomatic. All lesions could be
      postulated to occur within the brachial plexus, the most common area being the
      median cord, but lesions were also noted in the posterior and lateral cords and
      upper trunk. The etiology of the problem appears to be stretching injury of the
      brachial plexus from retraction of the sternum, which in turn causes
      retroclavicular displacement of the clavicle. However, it is possible that an
      ischemic neuropathy could result from intraarterial procedures in some of our
      patients. The possibility that neurologic deficit may occur in the upper
      extremity should be considered by physicians who may have the opportunity to
      evaluate patients who undergo open-heart surgery.

PMID- 179494
TI  - Dilute ethyl alcohol: effect on the sciatic nerve of the mouse.
AB  - The histological changes produced in peripheral nerve by topical ethyl alcohol
      have been infrequently studied in spite of widespread use of this neurotoxic
      agent in the management of pain and spasticity. In the present study the sciatic
      nerves of a series of albino mice were exposed to ethanol in concentrations of
      from 10% to 50% for from 15 to 60 seconds. An immediate physiochemical reaction
      took place, resulting in splitting of myelin sheaths and swelling of cellular
      organelles and cytoplasm. Nerves subsequently underwent Wallerian degeneration. A
      central core of fibers appeared to be normal. The longer exposure times or higher
      alcohol concentrations increased the extent to which the peripheral rim of
      altered tissue extended centrally into the nerve. Within altered tissue, all
      fiber types and sizes were found to be affected to an equal degree. To study the
      physical properties of alcohol in solution, absolute alcohol was slowly placed at
      the bottom of a cylinder filled with artificial or normal human spinal fluid and
      sequential levels of the solution were sampled 30 and 60 seconds after injection.
      Though hypobaric, alcohol dispersed rapidly so that specimens taken from the
      bottom of the cylinder were 65% as concentrated as specimens taken from the
      surface.

PMID- 179496
TI  - Ultrastructure of an autochtonous strain of Entamoeba histolytica isolated from a
      carrier.

PMID- 179497
TI  - Clinical, virological, and pathological features of herpesvirus SA8 infection in
      conventional and gnotobiotic infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus).
AB  - The pathogenicity of a strain of simian herpesvirus SA8 in one month old
      conventional and gnotobiotic baboons was investigated. Intratracheal inoculation
      resulted in a mortality rate of 1/5 in the conventional and 1/4 in the
      gnotobiotic group. Disease became apparent after 3 days and was characterized by
      respiratory distress, reduced formula intake, weight loss and fever in both
      groups. Isolation of herpesvirus from the respiratory tract, lymphoid organs,
      kidneys, adrenals, and CNS was more frequent by explant culturing than by routine
      procedures. Although there was a significant difference in total white blood
      counts (WBC), with higher values in conventional vs. gnotobiotic infants, the
      absolute number of lymphocytes was not different. The lower number of WBCs
      apparently was due to fewer polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the gnotobiotic
      baboons. Infection resulted in a leukopenia 5 days post infection (p.i.) and a
      leukocytosis 10 days p.i. in both groups. The animals, which succumbed, had acute
      necrotizing fibrinous pneumonia. Intranuclear inclusion bodies typical for
      herpesviruses were present. All the surviving infant baboons had subacute
      interstitial pneumonia, when sacrificed 35 days p.i.

PMID- 179498
TI  - Purification of virions and nucleocapsids of herpes simplex virus by means of
      metrizamide and sodium metrizoate gradients.
AB  - The generation of density gradients for ultracentrifuging by freezing and thawing
      was applied to formation of linear density gradients with sodium metrizoate and
      metrizamide. Using these gradient materials simple and rapid methods for
      purification of virions and nucleocapsids of herpes virus were elaborated. Using
      metrizamide the recovery of infectivity was 10-30 per cent, and the purification
      of virions measured as reduction of host protein was 1700 times. Using
      metrizoate, the recovery of nucleocapsids was 30-60 per cent and the purification
      from host DNA and protein was 900 and 1700 times, respectively.

PMID- 179499
TI  - Correlation of persistent mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-3) infection with its effect
      on mouse macrophage cultures.
AB  - MHV 3 has three distinct effects in different strains of mice: strain A mice are
      completely resistant, most strains (including C57BL, DBA/2, BALB/c and NZB
      strains) die of acute hepatitis whereas in certain strains (eg. C3H and A2G) the
      virus produces a persistent infection with neurological symptoms. In cultures of
      peritoneal macrophages from susceptible strains, MHV-3 replicated freely, with
      giant cell formation. No replication was observed in macrophages from strain A
      mice. In contrast to this full susceptibility or resistance, macrophage cultures
      from strains of mice in which persistent infections occur showed an intermediate
      susceptibility, as judged by the intensity of the cytopathic effect, the presence
      of viral antigens in the cytoplasm and levels of viral replication. Possible ways
      in which the intermediate susceptibility of macrophages and persistent infections
      might be related are discussed.

PMID- 179501
TI  - The immunoperoxidase technique for rapid human cytomegalovirus identification.
AB  - Sixteen cytomegalovirus (CMV) isolates from both ill and healthy patients were
      identified by the immunoperoxidase technique (IP). CMV detection was accomplished
      by direct examination of the primary isolate using either direct (DIP) or
      indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) techniques. In thirteen of the isolates,
      confirmation of identification was achieved by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA)
      and by demonstration of herpes particles by electron microscopy (EM). Further, in
      four cases of non-CMV alterations in the tissue culture which might be confused
      with actual infection, the IP test was negative as were the confirmatory tests.
      The IIP is preferred over the DIP test since the latter shows a certain amount of
      background stain of uninfected cells. Tissue culture cells showing focal CMV
      cytopathic effect contained both nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions stained by IP
      technique. Nonspecific staining was associated with cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.
      The IP technique can detect individual cell CMV infection at 24 hours when EM
      reveals only unenveloped viral particles. It is sensitive, specific, and allows
      direct identification of infected cells in the primary isolate in as little as 90
      minutes. Furthermore, it can be performed in standard isolation tissue culture
      tubes, whereas IFA requires the transfer of the infected cells onto slides or the
      routine use of Leighton tubes.

PMID- 179502
TI  - Detection of type-specific antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in human
      sera by complement-fixation tests.
AB  - Type-specific antigens for herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 were prepared by
      rigorous absorption of cell extracts with heterotypic immune sera. Type
      specificity was demonstrated by immunodiffusion and complement-fixation tests
      against immune sera prepared in rabbits. Specific type 1 complement-fixing
      reactivity was detected in eleven of fifteen sera from Roman Catholic nuns and in
      two convalescent sera from patients with recurrent herpes labialis; these sera
      had been previously shown to contain neutralising and complement-fixing antibody
      to herpes simplex virus. Three of the non-reacting sera contained low or absent
      levels of type-common complement-fixing reactivity and other contained no type
      specific neutralising antibody. With the exception of three "acute" sera,
      specific type 2 complement-fixing reactivity was detected in every convalescent
      or interim serum obtained from patients with a virologically-proven history of
      type 2 herpes virus infection. It is suggested that complement-fixation testing
      using these absorbed type-specific antigens preparations may provide a convenient
      and rapid method for the identification of type-specific antibody in human sera.

PMID- 179500
TI  - Persistent parainfluenza type 1 (6/94) infection of brain cells in tissue
      culture.
AB  - A state of persistent infection with parainfluenza type 1 virus (6/94 strain) was
      established in cultures of human and bovine brain cells. Following primary
      infection of human brain cells, viral cytopathic effect (CPE) and hemadsorption
      (HAD) depended on the multiplicity of infection. After persistent infection was
      established the virus rapidly became cell-associated; no CPE occurred and no
      viral antigen was detectable by HAD, immunofluorescence (FA), or
      immunoprecipitation. Infectious virus could be recovered only by fusion or
      cocultivation. This was in marked contrast with infected bovine brain cells,
      where, following primary infection, little or no CPE occurred. A productive
      infection rapidly evolved and persisted without CPE, but with 100 per cent HAD
      and FA positive cells.

PMID- 179503
TI  - Replication of bovine coronavirus in cell line BEK-1 culture.

PMID- 179505
TI  - [Enzymochemical organization of aortic baroreceptors].
AB  - The topography of the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase,
      monoaminoxidase and esterase was studied in the arc of the aorta of the monkey,
      dog, cat, rabbit, rat. It was established that terminal portions of baroreceptors
      were accumulators of the activity of enzymes of the succinoxidase system
      connected with the mitochondria of a nervous component of sensory endings and the
      activity of cholinesterase localized in the zone of terminal branches of the
      baroreceptors fibres in the underlying specialized tissue. The activity of
      monoaminoxidase was found in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells of the baroreceptor
      fibres. No specific esterase was revealed in the baroceptors of the aorta arc of
      the animals in question. The enzymic organization of the cat's aorta
      baroreceptors is different from that of the other animals.

PMID- 179504
TI  - Electron microscopy of human cytomegalovirus DNA.

PMID- 179506
TI  - Insulinomas: new aids in diagnosis.

PMID- 179507
TI  - [The morphology of lung cancer and background changes according to bronchoscopic
      biopsy findings].
AB  - Results of a pathohistological investigation of bronchoscopy bioptic specimens in
      523 patients, including 422 patients with cancer of the lungs, 7--with benign
      tumours of the lungs, 83,--with chronic nonspecific afflictions, and 11--with
      pulmonary tuberculosis, are discussed. A histological diagnosis of bronchogenic
      cancer was established in 210 out of 422 observations. In central cancer positive
      results of bronchobiopsy (i. i. revealing of tumour) were obtained in 198 (52.1%)
      out of 380 cases, in peripheral cancer - in 12 (28.5%) out of 42 cases.
      Investigations of bronchobiopsy specimens made it possible to establish:
      epidermoid cancer in 123 (58.6%) cases, microcellular anaplastic cancer in 58
      (27.6%) of cases, adenocarcinoma in 15 (7.1%) of cases, macrocellular cancer in 1
      (0.5%) case. In 13 observations (6.2%) the histological type of cancer was not
      identified. The specific gravity of epidermoid cancer was consistently greater
      than in investigations of operation and section material. Analysis of the
      background changes in bronchobiopsies in which no tumour tissue was observed
      showed a substantially lower incidence (P less than 0.01) of atypical metaplasia
      of the bronchial epithelium in chronic nonspecific diseases than in the
      bronchogenic cancer.

PMID- 179508
TI  - [A case of cytomegalic disease of the newborn].
AB  - A generalized form of cytomegalic disease in newborns is relatively rare.
      According to the author's data, only one case of cytomegalia was observed during
      post-mortem investigations of 1724 newborns and young children. This was a full
      term child which was born with jaundice, generalized petechial rash and
      hepatosplenomegaly. Histological investigations revealed cytomegalic cells in the
      lungs, liver, kidneys and parotid salivary glands; in the brain there was noted
      calcification of the walls of the lateral ventricles. In the stroma of organs
      lymphoid infiltration with proliferation of histiocytes was observed.

PMID- 179509
TI  - [Plasticity of the nervous system].
AB  - The most recent knowledge about the phenomenon of the nervous system plasticity
      are revised, as much in morphological as in physiological and molecular levels.
      The neuron morphological and physiological changes opposite to the experience are
      studied. The nervous system molecular adaptation to the information it receives
      as the base of all type of plasticity is also considered.

PMID- 179510
TI  - [20 years later. Or, the long-term outcome of so-called mixed tumors of the
      lacrimal gland].
AB  - A report on two cases of long-term recurrence of mixed tumours of the lacrimal
      glands. The authors assess the problem of the protracted evolution of these
      tumours and their possible degeneration, and attempt to distinguish the
      degeneration which follows multiple recurrences of co-existing mixed
      carcinomatous tumours. They insist on the necessity in these cases of an initial
      wide neurosurgical exposure of the orbit, so as to perform the widest excision
      possible.

PMID- 179511
TI  - In vivo and in vitro stimulation of collagenase production by rabbit alveolar
      macrophages.

PMID- 179513
TI  - Letter: Bilateral synchronous mixed parotid gland tumors.

PMID- 179512
TI  - Intracranial and extracranial nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. A surgical approach.
AB  - Two patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas with known or suspected
      intracranial extension were treated successfully with a surgical procedure. The
      procedure involves careful preoperative examination with four-vessel carotid
      angiography followed by preoperative occlusion of the extracranial major feeding
      vessels. This is followed by craniotomy, direct control of all intracranial
      feeding vessels, and then total extirpation of the tumor.

PMID- 179514
TI  - Multipotent lipotropic hormones. In search of a pituitary cell producing
      multipotent LPH.
AB  - The affinity for antiserum to the multipotent lipotropic hormone (beta-LPH) was
      tested by immunohistochemical staining of all known cell types in normal and
      certain abnormal mouse, rat, and human pituitaries. Results indicate that beta
      LPH has ACTH, MSH, LH and StH(GH) immunologically cross-reacting determinants.
      Affinities of anti-LPH for TtH and MtH (prolactin) were not detected in normal
      pituitaries, but thyrotropic tumor cells reacted with anti-LPH. Absorption
      experiments confirm that the single polypeptide hormone of the pituitary, beta
      LPH, is coded for ACTH and MSH activities. The multi-functional hormone, LPH
      probably is secreted by the adrenotropes. In addition to ACTH and MSH, it
      probably contains other antigenic and biologic determinants. Some of these may
      accentuate its lipotropic activities; others may be incidental. These are points
      calling for further correlated structural, biologic, and immunologic
      investigations.

PMID- 179515
TI  - Cholangiocarcinoma arising in congenital hepatic fibrosis. A case report.
AB  - Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is a morphologic entity characterized by (1)
      abnormal fibrous septation, (2) preservation of the basic lobular architecture,
      and (3) hyperplasia and dilatation of bile ductules. Congenital hepatic fibrosis
      may present as a cause of portal hypertension in adolescents, in young adults,
      and, rarely, in older adults. It is this form of the disorder that has been
      emphasized in the literature. However, CHF may also be seen in association with
      the infantile polycystic kidney syndrome. In the latter, the hepatic disorder is
      usually clinically silent. Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare complication of
      comgenital hepatic fibrosis, with only two previously documented cases reported,
      to our knowledge. We report a third case and suggest that CHF may represent a
      dysplastic hamartoma that, with prolonged survival, may eventuate in the
      development of intrahepatic biliary neoplasia.

PMID- 179516
TI  - Intracytoplasmic lumina in breast carcinoma: a helpful histopathologic feature.
AB  - Eelectron microscopy has disclosed the presence of intracytoplasmic lumina within
      breast cancer cells. These structures can be recognized with the light microscope
      by their sharp, round outlines and thick walls. Their identification in large
      numbers may provide additional support for the breast origin of a metastatic
      tumor. Three illustrative cases in which demonstration of intracytoplasmic lumina
      was diagnostically helpful are presented.

PMID- 179517
TI  - Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy: report of a case.
AB  - A case of melanotic neuroectodermal tumour occurring in a seven-month-old male
      infant is reported. The aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, treatment and
      prognosis of the condition are discussed. Tumours of the jaw in infancy are
      extremely rare, and pigmented tumours still rarer. One such case of pigmented
      tumour of the maxilla is the subject of this report.

PMID- 179518
TI  - Sleep monitoring: the second manned Skylab mission.
AB  - The first objective measurements of man's ability to obtain adequate sleep during
      prolonged space flight were made during the three manned Skylab missions. EEG,
      EOG, and head-motion signals were acquired during sleep by use of an elastic
      recording cap containing sponge electrodes and an attached miniature
      preamplifier/accelerometer unit. A control-panel assembly, mounted in the sleep
      compartment, tested electrodes, preserved analog signals, and automatically
      analyzed data in real time (providing a telementered indication of sleep stage).
      One subject was studied during each manned mission and, while there was
      considerable variation among individuals, several characteristics were common to
      all three: stage 3 sleep increased during the flight and decreased in the
      postflight period; stage 4 was consistently decreased postflight, although this
      stage was variable during the flight; stage REM (rapid eye movement) was
      elevated, and REM latency decreased in the late postflight period (after day 3
      postrecovery); and the number of awakenings during sleep either showed no change
      or decreased during the flight. In only the 28-d mission (Skylab 2) was there a
      significant decrease in total sleep time; in that case it was a result of
      voluntarily reduced rest time and was not due to difficulty in sleeping nor
      frequent awakening. The subject on the 84-d mission (Skylab 4) experienced more
      difficulty in the first half of the flight, showing a decreased total sleep time
      and increased sleep latency, but this resolved itself with time. Sleep latency
      presented no problem in the other flights. While many of the findings are
      statistically significant, in no case would they be expected to produce a
      noticeable decrement of performance capability. These findings suggest that men
      are able to obtain adequate sleep in regularly scheduled 8-h rest periods during
      extended space flights. It seems likely, based upon these results, that the
      problems encountered in earlier space flights did not arise from the zero-g
      environment per se but possibly were a result of more restricted living and
      working areas in the pre-Skylab spacecraft.

PMID- 179519
TI  - Metabolic and endocrine studies: the second manned Skylab mission.
AB  - This study conducted on the crewmembers of Skylab 3 was designed to evaluate the
      endocrinological adaption resulting from extend exposure to a space flight
      environment by identifying changes in hormonal and associated fluid and
      electrolyte parameters. The three men served as their own controls and were on a
      constant dietary intake. Complete metabolic collections were performed beginning
      21 d before the flight, continuing throughout the flight, for 18 d postflight.
      Changes in fluid and electrolyte balance have been correlated with weight loss,
      changes in the excretion of aldosterone, vasopressin, and fluid compartments.
      Inter-individual variability was demonstrated in most experimental indices
      measured; however, statistically significant patterns have emerged which include:
      decreases in body weight and ADH, increases in plasma renin activity, and
      elevations in urinary catecholamines, aldosterone and cortisol concentrations.
      Urinary sodium was increased in flight but potassium was only slightly changed.
      Total body exchangeable K was slightly decreased in all three of the crewmen.
      Total body water and extracellular fluid were decreased postflight in almost all
      cases. The measured changes are consistent with the prediction that a relative
      increase in thoracic blood volume upon transiton to the zero gravity environment
      is interpretated as a true volume expasion resulting in a net fluid loss. This,
      in association with other factors, ultimately results in a reduction in
      intravascular volume leading to an increase in renin and a secondary
      aldosteronism. Once these compensatory mechanisms are effective in reestablishing
      positive water balance, the crewemn are considered to be essentially adapted to
      the space environment. Although the physiological cost of this adaptation must
      reflect the electrolyte deficit and perhaps other factors, it is assumed that the
      compensated state is adequate for the demands of the environment; however, this
      new homeostatic set is not believed to be without physiological cost and could,
      except with proper precautions, reduce the functional reserve of exposed
      individuals.

PMID- 179520
TI  - Ultrastructural effects of +Gz stress on swine cardiac muscle.
AB  - Miniature swine were subjected to 9 +Gz acceleration for 60-120s. Within 2 h
      following the +Gz force, the anterior papillary muscle was removed and prepared
      for scanning and electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes observed in the
      cardiac myocytes included cellular redistribution of mitochondria and nuclei.
      Tears in the contractile fibers, bizarre profiles or nuclei, and peculiar
      membrane-bounded bodies in the cytoplasm also were observed. Hemorrhagic areas
      were localized around the Purkinje fibers. The T system and plasma membrane
      appeared unperturbed. The conclusion was drawn that, following high +Gz levels of
      acceleration, damage to myocardial ultrastructure ensues.

PMID- 179521
TI  - Heat and simulated high altitude: effects on biochemical indices of stress and
      performance.
AB  - Five healthy, military test volunteers were alternately exposed on separate days
      to sea level, control conditions (22-23 degrees C, 40-50% RH), a hot wet
      environment (35 degrees C, 90% RH) or stimulated high altitude (4300 m, 22-23
      degrees C, 20-30% RH) while carrying out assigned performance tasks. Acute
      exposure of 7 h to environmental heat consistently elicited significant
      increments in plasma levels of cortisol, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and uric acid
      while cholesterol and cyclic AMP levels were unaffected. Alternatively, exposure
      to altitude for the same duration failed to effect significant alterations in any
      of the aforementioned biochemical factors. Although both environmental stresses
      caused similar performance decrements, the responses of biochemical indices of
      stress were consistently related to the environment itself.

PMID- 179522
TI  - Electron microscopical and enzyme histochemical changes in the rat myocardium
      during prolonged autolysis.
AB  - The effect on rat myocardium of autolysis at 19 degrees C, for up to 20 days, was
      studied by electron microscopy and enzyme histochemistry. The enzymes studied
      included monoamine oxidase (MAO), sytochrome oxidase (CytO), non-specific
      esterase ((Ns.E.), phosphorylase (P-ase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and
      various NAD- and NADP-linked dehydrogenases. The myocardium lost its
      histochemical P-ase activity within a few hours of autolysis, whereas the
      activity of all other enzymes remained quite normal for at least about 4 days,
      except that of MAO and SDH, which were normal for about 8 and 12 days,
      respectively. The myocardial cells lost activity of various enzymes in a patchy
      manner during prolonged autolysis and practically all histochemical enzyme
      activity disappeared within 20 days. The early period of autolysis was
      accompanied by rapid ultrastructural changes of myocardial cells. During
      prolonged autolysis the gross architecture of the myocardium was lost gradually
      by the 12th to 20th days. Mitochondria were the organelles most resistant to the
      effects of autolysis, and numerous mitochondria with morphologically solid inner
      and outer membranes were seen among the totally disintegrated myocardium 20 days
      after death. The loss of P-ase activity coincided with the loss of glycogen. The
      loss of MAO, SDH and CytO activities was not closely related to the morphological
      preservation of mitochondria, but, in accordance with other enzymes, was more
      closely related to the disintegration of the over-all myocardial structure. The
      present results showed that the architecture of the myocardium, and especially
      that of the mitochondria, was surprisingly resistant to the effects of autolysis
      at room temperature. Also several enzymes of the myocardium other than those
      examined so far maintained quite stable histochemically demonstrable activity
      during prolonged autolysis. These observations give support to the possibility of
      making the diagnosis of myocardial infarction at postmortem more accurate than
      with the present morphological and histochemical routine methods.

PMID- 179523
TI  - [Needle biopsy in gout and pseudogout (author's transl)].
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Radiological and morphological findings in advanced arthritis urica
      and pyrophosphate arthropathy are well known. In contrast, the early changes of
      synovial membrane in these disturbances of metabolism pose diagnostic problems.
      With the assistance of various cytological techniques and polarizing
      microscopical as well as electron microscopical investigation it was examined to
      what extent needle biopsies can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of gout
      and pseudogout. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 8 patients with gout and 11 patients
      with pseudogout synovial fluid and small tissue specimens could be obtained with
      the aid of the Parker-Pearson needle. Both fluid and tissue specimens were
      investigated light and electron microscopically. Cell counts were evaluated in a
      Rosenthal chamber. The differentiation of the cells in stained smears was done by
      counting 200-600 cells per case. Crystals were identified by polarizing
      microscopy in wet preparations of freshly aspirated synovial fluid. RESULTS:
      Polarizing microscopy of synovial fluid detected intra- as well as extracellular
      urate and pyrophosphate crystals. The wedge-shaped urate crystals and the larger
      partly polygonal pyrophosphate crystals showed different polarizing microscopical
      properties and a negative birefringence. The absolute cell counts in gout were
      higher than those in pseudogout. The relative cell counts of the different cell
      types in synovial fluid showed more variation in gout than in pseudogout. Cases
      with acute gout developed a relative leukocytosis in contrast to a relative
      lymphocytosis in chronic gout. A relative leukocytosis was constant in all
      patients with pseudogout. Sclerosed areas with scarce and plump villi as well as
      sometimes hyperplastic and polymorphous synovial cell layers could be
      demonstrated histologically in the tissue specimens of the needle biopsies in
      cases with gout. Urate crystals were less frequent in specimens fixed in
      formalin. The histological alterations in pseudogout were uniform, 2-4 rows of
      slightly pleomorphic synovial cells lined the inner surface of the joint capsule,
      sclerosing alterations were less frequent. Pyrophosphate crystals and calcified
      particles were seen within the synovial lining cells, the connective tissue and
      the enodthelial cells of the blood vessels in pseudogout specimens. Intra- as
      well as extracellular crystals could also be demonstrated with the aid of
      scanning electron microscopy in sediments of synovial fluid in gout and
      pseudogout. Transmission electron microscopical investigations of synovial tissue
      specimens detected proliferated and pleomorphic synovial lining cells in gout in
      contrast to a more monomorphic appearance of these cells in pseudogout. The
      crystals were washed out during the preparation techniques for transmission
      electron microscopy so that needle-like empty spaces resulted within cytoplasm of
      the phagocytic cells. These clefts were surrounded by phagosomal structures and
      densified cytoplasmic ground substance; sometimes they were also lined by
      membranes...

PMID- 179524
TI  - Carbon-13 nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy of whole cells and of
      cytochrome C from Neurospora crass grown with (S-Me-13C)methionine.
AB  - Neurospora crassa cytochrome C biosynthetically labelled with [S-Me
      13C]methionine was prepared and analysed by 13C nuclear-magnetic-resonance
      spectroscopy. The methyl group of methionine is extensively incorporated into an
      N-trimethyl-lysine-72 residue arise from S-adenosylmethionine transmethylation,
      and that the methyl carbons of methionine residues are sufficiently close to the
      haem centre to experience chemical shifts from the ring currents of the
      tetrapyrrole pi electrons and broadening due to binding of methionine-80 with the
      haem, as well as interaction of the S-E113C]methyl groups with the paramagnetic
      iron centre. Although whole cells of the labelled Neurospora produced a 13C
      resonance at the expected position for the methionyl methyl group most of the
      methyl label was diverted into N-tetra-alkyl ammonium compounds. After an active
      state of growth these labelled N-methyl compounds appear, in the main, to be low
      molecular-weight derivatives of choline which, if associated with membrane, are
      in a sufficiently fluid environment to have short rotational correlation times.
      During a subsequent dormant growth period these compounds become associated to
      some extent with relatively more immobile phases as a result of membrane binding
      or an increase in membrane rigidity.

PMID- 179526
TI  - Adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase in brown fat from
      newborn rabbits. Changes in the binding of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate
      after preincubation of the tissue with noradrenaline or incubation of the enzyme
      with adenosine triphosphate.
AB  - The equilibrium binding of cyclic AMP to a 150-fold purified preparation of
      protein kinase, when expressed as the reciprocal of bound against the reciprocal
      of free cyclic AMP, gave a plot consisting of two straight lines. The values of
      apparent Kb given by these lines were lowered by preincubating the intact tissue
      with noradrenaline or incubating the enzyme preparation with Mg2+ plus ATP. This
      effect was reversed by incubating the preparation (which contained some
      phosphatase impurities) with Mg2+ alone. None of these procedures affected the
      maximal binding of cyclic AMP. During incubation of the enzyme with Mg2+ plus
      ATP, the terminal phosphoryl group was incorporated into protein, over 40% being
      present in the kinase itself. This phosphate was removed during incubation of the
      preparation with Mg2+ alone. The validity of expressing cyclic AMP binding as a
      double-reciprocal plot is discussed, and the experimental plots are compared with
      those derived theoretically. The results suggest that protein kinase in brown fat
      is present in two forms, one with an apparent Kb for cyclic AMP or approx. 250 nM
      (dephosphorylation) and one with an apparent Kb of approx. 14 nM
      (phosphorylated). Preincubation of the tissue with noradrenaline results in
      phosphorylation of the kinase and an increase from 15 to 45% in the proportion of
      the higher-affinity form.

PMID- 179525
TI  - Effects of sulphate-limited growth in continuous culture on the electron
      transport chain and energy conservation in Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Growth of Escherichia coli K12 in a chemostat was limited by sulphate
      concentrations lower than 300 muM. The synthesis of extracellular polysaccharide
      and a change in morphology accompanied sulphate-limited growth. Growth yields
      with respect to the amount of glycerol or oxygen consumed were sixfold and
      twofold lower respectively under these conditions than when growth was limited by
      glycerol. Sulphate-limited cells lacked the proton-translocating oxidoreduction
      segment of the electron-transport chain between NADH and the cytochromes, and
      particles prepared from these cells lacked the energy-dependent reduction of NAD+
      by succinate, DL-alpha-glycerophosphate or D-lactate, suggesting the loss of site
      I phosphorylation. Glycerol-limited cells contained cytochrome b556, b562 and o,
      ubiquinone and low concentrations of menaquinone. Sulphate limitation resulted in
      the additional synthesis of cytochromes d, a1, b558 and c550; the amount of
      ubiquinone was decreased and menaquinone was barely detectable. Non-haem iron and
      acid-labile sulphide concentrations were twofold lower in electron-transport
      particles prepared from sulphate-limited cells. Recovery of site-I
      phosphorylation could not be demonstrated after incubating sulphate-limited cells
      with or without glycerol, in either the absence or presence of added sulphate.
      The loss of site-I phosphorylation in sulphate-limited cells is discussed with
      reference to the accompanying alterations in cytochrome composition of such
      cells. Schemes are proposed for the functional organization of the respiratory
      chains of E. coli grown under conditions of glycerol or sulphate limitation.

PMID- 179528
TI  - The biosynthesis of alginic acid by Azotobacter vinelandii.
AB  - The sequence of reactions by which alginic acid is biosynthesized from sucrose in
      Azotobacter vinelandii was determined both by feeding radioactive individual
      enzymes involved. Results indicate that the first polymeric substance formed in
      the synthesis is polymannuronic acid and that mannuronic acid units are
      epimerized to guluronic acid at the polymer level. Guluronic acid does not appear
      to be formed at the monomer level, either free or in combination with GDP.

PMID- 179529
TI  - The dexamethasone receptor in the Novikoff Hepatoma. Characterization and changes
      in concentration and nuclear uptake during glucocorticoid therapy.
AB  - Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells, grown intraperitoneally in rats, are shown to
      possess a high-affinity, low-capacity dexamethasone-binding protein. The receptor
      protein has an intracellular localization and concentration, association constant
      (Ka), glucocorticoid specificity and nuclear uptake in the presence of
      dexamethasone comparable with those of the G-protein of rat liver. During therapy
      of the tumour-bearing animal with cortisol, marked cyclic variations were
      observed in the concentration and nuclear uptake of the putative G-protein in the
      tumor cells; more transient variations were also observed in the Ka value of the
      receptor protein.

PMID- 179527
TI  - Growth hormone, cyclic nucleotides and the rapid control of translation in heart
      muscle.
AB  - Perfused rat heart incorporated L-[14C]tyrosine into protein at a constant rate
      for up to 75 min. A purified bovine growth-hormone preparation (1 mug/ml)
      stimulated the incorporation to a new constant rate that was more than three
      times the control rate by 10 min after hormone addition to perfusate. The
      hormone, however, did not alter the intracellular tracer amino acid pool, and the
      relationship of this to the aminoacyl-tRNA precursor pool is discussed. It is
      concluded that the increased incorporation largely reflected a rapid increase in
      protein synthesis at the ribosomes. Measurements of cyclic nucleotide contents
      during the perfusion showed that these appeared to vary in a systematic way
      during the perfusion. This strands in contrast with the constant values given by
      several other parameters measured in this preparation. Futher, the cyclic
      nucleotide variation seems to be independent of external effectors. The steady
      state performance of the heart correlates more closely the [cyclic AMP]/[cyclic
      GMP] ratio than with the content of the individual cyclic nucleotides. At 10 min
      after the addition of growth hormone a slight decrese in cyclic AMP content and a
      large decrease in cyclic GMP were found, suggesting that the hormone's effect in
      stimulating protein synthesis may be mediated by a decrease in cyclic nucleotide
      concentrations or an increase in the [cyclic AMP]/[cyclic |p] ratio. The findings
      are also consistent with an intracellularly directed role for these nucleotides,
      and the possibility that the cyclic nucleotide changes are an indirect result of
      growth-hormone action is discussed.

PMID- 179530
TI  - Yeast phosphoglycerate mutate. Cyanogen bromide cleavage and amino acid sequence
      of an active-site peptide.
AB  - The molecular weight and amino acid composition of phosphoglycerate mutase from
      yeast were determined. CNBr cleavage produced a large (190-residue) fragment and
      a small (60-residue) fragment. Tryptic and chymotryptic peptides derived from the
      large fragment were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography. Peptides from
      two histidine-containing regions were isolated and the amino acid sequences were
      determined. Correlation of these data with X-ray-crystallographic evidence shows
      that the histidine residue in the sequence Arg-Leu Asn-Glu-Arg-His-Tyr-Gly-Asp
      Leu-Glu-Gly-Lys is located at the active site.

PMID- 179531
TI  - Chemistry of the collagen cross-links. Nature of the cross-links in the
      polymorphic forms of dermal collagen during development.
AB  - Both the type I and type III collagens present in embryonic dermis are stabilized
      by the intermolecular cross-link, hydroxylysino-5-oxonorleucine, derived from
      hydroxylysine-aldehyde, although the type I collagen possesses a significant
      proportion of dehydrohydroxylysinonorleucine. However, concurrent with the change
      in the proportion of the two types of collagen during postnatal development there
      is a change-over with both type I and III collagens to the labile cross-link,
      dehydrohydroxylysinonorleucine, derived from lysine aldehyde. The results
      indicate that the change in the nature of the cross-link with development is
      determined primarily by the change in the extent of hydroxylation of the lysine
      residues in the terminal non-helical regions rather than being due to the change
      in the type of collagen.

PMID- 179532
TI  - Studies by electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopy on the mechanism of
      action of xanthine dehydrogenase from Veillonella alcalescens.
AB  - E.p.r- (electron-paramagnetic-resonance) spectroscopy was used to compare
      chemical environment and reactivity of molybdenum, flavin and iron-sulphur
      centres in the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase from Veillonella alcalescens
      (Micrococcus lactilyticus) with those of the corresponding centres in milk
      xanthine oxidase. The dehydrogenase is frequently contaminated with small but
      variable amounts of a species resistant to oxidation and giving a new molybdenum
      (V) e.p.r. signal, "Resting I". There is also a "desulpho" form of the enzyme
      giving a Slow Mo(V) signal, indistinguishable from that of the milk enzyme.
      Molybdenum of the active enzyme behaves in a manner analogous to that of the milk
      enzyme, giving a Rapid Mo(V) signal on partial reduction with substrates or
      dithionite. Detailed comparison shows that molybdenum in each enzyme must have
      the same ligand atoms arranged in the same manner. As with the milk enzyme,
      complex-formation between reduced dehydrogenase and purine substrate molecules,
      presumably interacting at the normal substrate-binding site, modifies the Rapid
      signal, confirming that such substrates interact near molybdenum. The
      dehydrogenase-flavin semiquinone signal is identical with that of the oxidase
      but, in contrast, there is only one iron-sulphur signal. The latter gives an
      e.p.r. spectrum similar to that of aldehyde oxidase.

PMID- 179533
TI  - Studies by electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopy and stopped-flow
      spectrophotometry on the mechanism of action of turkey liver xanthine
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Studies by e.p.r. (electron-paramagnetic-resonance) spectroscopy and by stopped
      flow spectrophotometry on turkey liver xanthine dehydrogenase revealed strong
      similarities to as well as important differences from the Veillonella alcalescens
      xanthine dehydrogenase and milk xanthine oxidase. The turkey enzyme is
      contaminated by up to three non-functional forms, giving molybdenum e.p.r.
      signals designated Resting I, Resting II and Slow. Slow and to a lesser extent
      Resting I signals are like those from the Veillonella enzyme, whereas Resting II
      is very like a resting signal described by K. V. Rajagopolan, P. Handler, G.
      Palmer & H. Beinert (1968) (J. Biol. Chem. 243, 3784-3796) for aldehyde oxidase.
      Another non-functional form that gives the Inhibited signal is produced on
      treatment of the enzyme with formaldehyde. Stopped-flow measurements at 450 nm
      show that, as for the milk enzyme, reduction by xanthine is rate-limiting in
      enzyme turnover. The active enzyme gives rise to Very Rapid and Rapid
      molybdenum(V) e.p.r. signals, as well as to an FADH signal. That these signals
      are almost indistinguishable from those of the milk enzyme, confirms the
      similarities between the active sites. There are two types of iron-sulphur
      centres that give signals like those in the milk enzyme, though with slightly
      different parameters. Quantitative reduction titration of the functional enzyme
      with xanthine revealed two important differences between the turkey and the milk
      enzymes. First, the turkey enzyme FADH/FADH2 system has a redox potential
      sufficiently low that xanthine is incapable of reducing the flavin completely.
      This finding presumably explains the very low oxidase activity. Secondly, whereas
      the Fe/S II chromophore in the milk enzyme has a relatively high redox potential,
      for the turkey enzyme the value of this potential is lower and similar to that of
      its Fe/S I chromophore.

PMID- 179534
TI  - Some properties of an alcohol dehydrogenase partially purified from baker's yeast
      grown without added zinc.
AB  - Alcohol dehydrogenase was partially purified from yeast (Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae) grown in the presence of 20 muM-MnSO4 without added Zn2+ and from
      yeast grown in the presence of 1.8 muM-MnSO4. The enzyme from yeast grown with
      added Zn2+ has the same properties as the crystalline enzyme from commercial
      supplies of baker's yeast. The enzyme from yeast grown without added An2+ has
      quite different properties. It has a mol.wt. in the region of 72000 and an S 20 w
      of 5.8S. The values can be compared with a mol.wt. of 141000 and an S 20 w of
      7.6S for the crystalline enzyme. ADP-ribose, a common impurity in commercial
      samples of NAD+, is a potent competitive inhibitor of the new enzyme (K1 = 0.5
      muM), but is not so for the crystalline enzyme. The observed maximum rate of
      ethanol oxidation at pH 7.05 and 25 degrees C was decreased 12-fold by the
      presence of 0.06 mol of inhibitor/mol of NAD+ when using the enzyme from Zn2+
      deficient yeast, but with crystalline enzyme the maximum rate was essentially
      unchanged by this concentration of inhibitor. The kinetic characteristics for the
      two enzymes with ethanol, butan-1-ol, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde as
      substrates are markedly different. These kinetic differences are discussed in
      relation to the mechanism of catalysis for the enzyme from Zn2+-deficient yeast.

PMID- 179535
TI  - The relationship between biological activity and primary structure of troponin I
      from white skeletal muscle of the rabbit.
AB  - 1. A series of defined peptides which span the complete sequence were produced
      from troponin I isolated from white skeletal muscle of the rabbit. 2. Two
      peptides, CF1 (residues 64-133) and CN4 (residues 96-117) inhibited the Mg2+
      stimulated adenosine triphosphatase of desensitized actomyosin. This inhibition
      was potentiated by tropomyosin and the Mg2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase
      of desensitized actomyosin. This inhibition, unlike that of troponin I and
      peptides derived from it, was not potentiated by tropomyosin. 4. The most active
      inhibitor, peptide CN4, was 45-75% as effective as troponin I when compared on a
      molar basis. The inhibitory peptide, CN4, and also whole troponin I were shown by
      affinity chromatography to interact specifically with actin. 5. A strong
      interaction with troponin C was demonstrated with peptide CF2 (residues 1-47),
      from the N-terminal region of troponin I. Somewhat weaker interactions were shown
      with peptides CN5 (residues 1-21) and with the inhibitory peptide CN4. 6. The
      significance of these interactions for the mechanisms of action of troponin I is
      discussed.

PMID- 179536
TI  - Study on sex-organ development. Oestrogen-receptor translocation in the
      developing chick Mullerian duct.
AB  - After oestradiol administration in vivo, 87-95% of the initial concentration of
      oestradiol receptor in the cytoplasm of the embryonic-chick Mullerian-duct cell
      was translocated into the nucleus. The process of translocation depends on the
      amount of oestardiol administered in vivo. At 6 h after oestradiol administration
      in vivo, about 30% replenishment of the initial content of the cytosol receptor
      was observed in the cytoplasm. The Mullerian-duct nuclei, after exposure to non
      radioactive oestradiol, exhibit saturable exchange with [3H]oestradiol in vitro.
      The exchange of oestradiol is temperature- and time-dependent. The optimal
      temperature and time for exchange are 37-41 degrees C and 2h respectively. The
      [3H]oestradiol-receptor complex extracted from the exchanged nuclei is present in
      5-6S form, and its isoelectric point is 6.8. The number of nuclear oestradiol
      binding sites of the developing Mullerian duct are 1.66, 2.22, 2.63, and 2.50
      pmol/mg of DNA respectively for embryos of 10, 12, 15 and 18 days. The
      dissociation constants of the nuclear oestradiol receptor of the four observed
      developmental stages range from 3.0 to 3.1 nM.

PMID- 179538
TI  - Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of cobalt (II)
      stellacyanin.

PMID- 179537
TI  - The incorporation of radioactive fatty acids and of radioactive derivatives of
      glucose into the phospholipids of subsynaptosomal fractions of cerebral cortex.
AB  - 1. Crude synaptosomal fractions (P2) from guinea-pig cerebral cortex were
      incubated in a Krebs-glucose medium containing labelled fatty acids and
      [3H]glucose. After the shortest incubation period (7.5 min) a high percentage (50
      80%) of the total radioactive fatty acids was found in the P2 fractions. 2. After
      the incubation, the synaptosomal fractions were submitted to hypo-osmotic
      disruption and subsynaptosomal fractionation was carried out by using
      discontinuous-sucrose-gradient centrifugation. The specific radioactivities of
      phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and
      phosphatidylinositol were determined in fractions D (synaptic vesicles), E
      (microsomal preparation) and H (disrupted synaptosomes), as were the specific
      activities of a number of marker enzymes and the distribution of acetylcholine.
      3. By using [14C]oleate, [14C]arachidonate, [3H]palmitate and [3H]glucose, the
      order to specific radioactivities in fraction D was found to be:
      phosphatidylinositol greater than phosphatidylcholine greater than
      phosphatidylserine greater than phosphatidylethanolamine. 4. The specific
      radioactivities of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were always
      higher in fraction D than in fraction E. As fraction E had higher specific
      activities of several membrane marker enzymes, the enhanced labelling found in
      fraction D was considered to be localized in the synaptic vesicles. In this
      fraction, phosphatidylinositol made particularly large contributions to the total
      phospholipid labelling derived from [14C]arachidonate and [3H]glucose. 5. The
      similar labelling ratios of fatty acid/glucose in the phospholipids of fractions
      D and E, and the high specific radioactivities in the total phospholipid of the
      soluble fraction O, suggested intrasynaptosomal phospholipid transport.

PMID- 179541
TI  - The binding of low density lipoprotein by liver membranes in the pig.

PMID- 179539
TI  - Photoreduction of membrane bound cytochrome C by excited-state phenothiazine.

PMID- 179540
TI  - Studies on cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase properties by blue dextran
      sepharose chromatography.

PMID- 179542
TI  - Stimulation of protocollagen proline hydroxylase activity by nucleoside
      triphosphates.

PMID- 179544
TI  - Spin label studies on phosphorylase B.

PMID- 179546
TI  - Inhibition by collagen chains of lysyl hydroxylase of chick embryo and of WI-38
      human lung fibroblasts.

PMID- 179545
TI  - Regulation of the high Km cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase of adrenal medulla
      by the endogenous calcium-dependent-protein activator.

PMID- 179543
TI  - Effect of serotonin on cyclic nucleotides of human platelets.

PMID- 179547
TI  - Isolation of stimulatory modulator from rat brain and its specific effect on
      guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from cerebellum and other
      tissues.

PMID- 179548
TI  - Elevated cyclic GMP concentrations in rabbit bone marrow culture and mouse spleen
      following erythropoietic stimulation.

PMID- 179549
TI  - Serum modification of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase forms independent of
      protein synthesis.

PMID- 179550
TI  - Evidence for a protonmotive Q cycle mechanism of electron transfer through the
      cytochrome b-c1 complex.

PMID- 179551
TI  - Immobilization of enzymes by covalent binding to amine supports via cyanogen
      bromide activation.

PMID- 179552
TI  - Reactions of oxygen radical species with methional: a pulse radiolysis study.

PMID- 179553
TI  - Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase as an indicator of sympathetic activity and
      primary hypertension.

PMID- 179554
TI  - Effects of cinnabarinic acid on mitochondrial respiration.

PMID- 179555
TI  - Enzymatic formation of a cholic acid derivative of isethionic acid.

PMID- 179556
TI  - Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and carbon monoxide-binding
      hemoproteins in mouse epidermis by tobacco carcinogens.

PMID- 179557
TI  - [Protective effect of thymidine in relation to the cytostatic action of cyclic
      adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate in mammalian cell cultures].
AB  - Under the action of lmM of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) the
      survival and the rate of reproduction of the cells of Chinese hamster in the
      culture decreased in comparison with control to 27 and 42%, respectively.
      Addition of 0.02 mM thymidine together with cAMP almost completely eliminated the
      cytostatic action of the latter. Thymidine also prevented the cytostatic effect
      of noncyclic 5'-AMR, but failed to influence the death of the cells with the
      action of dibutyril cAMP and theophylline. Thymidine failed to prevent the
      inhibitory action of cAMP on the mutant strains of mouse cells defective by
      thymidinekinase. A conclusion was drawn that in the concentrations under study
      thecytostatic action of the exogenous cAMP on the cells of mammals served as the
      sequence of splitting to 5'-AMP in the culture medium and was realized by
      blocking one of the stages of TMP synthesis.

PMID- 179559
TI  - Echocardiographic pattern of right atrial tumour motion.
AB  - Propagation of Wilm's tumour to the right atrium was diagnosed by
      echocardiography. The tumour prolapsed into the right ventricle during each
      atrial systole. The presence of the tumour and its motion were confirmed by
      cardiac catheterization, cineangiography, and surgical exploration. Successful
      resection of the tumour was accomplished. Echocardiography was helpful in
      detecting the presence of the right atrial tumour and accurately reflected the
      pattern of its atrioventricular motion.

PMID- 179558
TI  - [New concepts on the etiopathogenesis of diarrhea].
AB  - The author discusses new knowledge concerning E. coli enterotoxins and Duovirus
      in the production of diarrheal disease.

PMID- 179560
TI  - Comparison of tumour susceptibility among various organs of foetal, young and
      adult ICR/Jcl mice.
AB  - Urethane was found to be uniformly distributed in all the major organs of foetal,
      young and adult ICR/Jcl mice and then to disappear rapidly as measured by the
      incorporation of urethane-carbonyl-14C, thus permitting the accurate comparison
      of tumour susceptibility of cells in various organs of mice at different ages.
      Lung tumour frequency (tumours/lung) was significantly higher in mice treated
      with urethane when young (21 days old) and adult (63 days old) than in those
      treated in utero (Days 11-19 of gestation). When relative sensitivity of a lung
      cell was calculated as the ratio of average number of tumours per lung per mg of
      lung at the time of treatment, however, a lung cell of the foetus was more
      sensitive to urethane than that of the young and adult. Hepatomata were induced
      significantly only when male foetuses and neonates were exposed to urethane. The
      offspring exposed to urethane on Days 11-16, however, developed hepatomata in
      lower incidence than those exposed on Days 14-19, whereas the previous
      investigation by the author revealed that Days 11-13 correspond to the stage most
      sensitive to hepatocarcinogenesis. This contradiction was due to the occurrence
      of testicular hypogenesis (chemical castration) in all offspring of the former
      group. Differentiating female gonad and rapidly proliferating blood vessels of
      the placenta and deciduum were also sensitive to tumour induction by urethane.
      Thus, high tumour susceptibility of rapidly proliferating and undifferentiated
      cells suggests that some initiating events in the process of carcinogenesis may
      occur during or after DNA replication. Leukaemia induction in the young mice, but
      not in the foetus, remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 179562
TI  - Neurological complications after a single severe exposure to toluene di
      isocyanate.
AB  - A total of 23 men complained of neurological symptoms after a single severe
      exposure to toluene di-isocyanate. Effects of exposure were immediate in five men
      and consisted of euphoria, ataxia, and loss of consciousness. These men and nine
      others complained of headache, difficulty in concentration, poor memory, and
      confusion during the next three weeks. Four years later it was found that nine
      further men had experienced symptoms that they had not been aware of at three
      weeks. In all, 13 men still complained of poor memory, personality change,
      irritability, or depression after four years. Psychometric testing showed a
      selective defect for relatively long-term recall in those with persistent
      symptoms at four years.

PMID- 179561
TI  - Accidental exposure to isocyanate fumes in a group of firemen.
AB  - A total of 35 firemen involved in fighting a fire in a factory in which
      polyurethane foam was made were exposed to fumes of toluene di-isocyanate from
      two large storage tanks which were damaged during the fire, resulting in massive
      spillage. Most of the men experienced symptoms during the fire or during the
      three weeks after it. The symptoms were mainly gastrointestinal, respiratory, or
      neurological. Altogether 15 men described gastrointestinal symptoms which
      subsided within two days of onset. Respiratory symptoms were described by 31 men
      and were most pronounced during the three days after the fire, thereafter tending
      to improve. The neurological findings are described separately. When the men were
      reviewed at six months there was a suggestion that some of them might have
      sustained long-term damage to the respiratory tract, and almost four years later
      20 men had persistent respiratory symptoms. Serial measurements of ventilatory
      capacity revealed a marked decline in the first six months although this was not
      sustained.

PMID- 179563
TI  - Cooperativity and noncooperativity in the binding of NAD analogues to rabbit
      muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Using NAD analogues as ligands, the structural requirements for negative
      cooperativity in binding to rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase were examined. Although the affinity of nicotinamide hypoxanthine
      dinucleotide is considerably lower than that of NAD+, it also binds to the enzyme
      with negative cooperatively. Two pairs of nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide
      binding sitess were distinguished, one pair having an affinity for the analogue
      which is 15 times that of the second pair. Negative cooperativity is also found
      in the Km values for the analogue. Thus modification of the adenine ring of NAD+
      to hypoxanthine does not abolish negative cooperativity in coenzyme binding.
      Adenosine diphosphoribose binding to the same enzyme shows neither positive nor
      negative cooperativity, indicating that cooperativity apparently requires an
      intact nicotinamide ring in the coenzyme structure, under the conditions of these
      experiments. Occupancy of the nicotinamide subsite of the coenzyme binding site
      is not necessary for half-of-sites reactivity of alkylating or acylating
      compounds (Levitzki, A. (1974), J. Mol, Biol. 90, 451-458). However, it can be
      important in the negative cooperativity in ligand binding, as illustrated by
      adenosine diphosphoribose which fails to exhibit negative cooperativity.
      Occupancy of the adenine subsite by adenine is important for stabilization of the
      enzyme against thermal denaturation. Whether the stabilization is due to an
      altered conformation of the subunits or stabilization of the preexisting
      structure of the apoenzyme cannot be determined from these studies. However,
      nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide does not contribute to enzyme stability
      although it serves as a substrate and shows negative cooperativity.

PMID- 179564
TI  - Regulation of a metabolic system in vitro: synthesis of threonine from aspartic
      acid.
AB  - Six enzymes involved in the conversion of aspartate to threonine have been
      extracted from Escherichia coli and separated from each other. Two of these
      enzymes, aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase, have also been partially
      purified from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. In an attempt to determine whether
      small changes in the kinetic properties of individual enzymes are important to
      the regulation of metabolic flux through a coupled reaction system, the partially
      purified enzymes were recombined in a variety of ways under reaction conditions
      designed to resemble the in vivo situation. These conditions include: use of an
      entire metabolic system rather than a single reaction; high enzyme concentrations
      at the same relative concentrations as found in the cell; and low, steady-state
      concentrations of substrates and products. Metabolic flux was followed
      spectrophotometrically and the concentrations of aspartic semialdehyde,
      hemoserine, O-phosphohomoserine, and threonine were measured. The results
      indicate that the threonine concentration is of major importance in regulating
      metabolic flux by inhibiting aspartokinase, the first reaction in threonine in
      the pathway. When threonine-insensitive aspartokinases were used, concentrations
      reached higher levels and the rate of NADPH oxidation remained higher. The fact
      that neither aspartic semialdehyde nor homoserine accumulated as the threonine
      concentration increased and the lack of correlation between changes in metabolic
      flux and ADP/ATP or NADPH/NADP ratios indicate that more subtle forms of
      metabolic regulation, such as "reverse cascade", secondary feedback sites, or
      "energy charge", are of little regulatory importance in this isolated, metabolic
      system. The results also emphasize the need for caution in projecting in vivo
      control mechanisms from in vitro experiments.

PMID- 179565
TI  - In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins by protein kinases
      from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - From the high salt wash of the ribosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
      three protein kinases have been isolated and separated by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography. The three kinases differ in their abilities to phosphorylate
      substrates such as histones (calf thymus), casein, and S. cerevisiae ribosomes;
      two of the kinases showed increased activity in the presence of cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate when histones and 40S ribosomal subunits were used as
      substrates. The protein kinases catalyzed phosphorylation of certain proteins of
      the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits, and 80S ribosomes in vitro. Nine proteins of
      the 80S ribosome, seven proteins of the 40S subunit, and eleven of the 60S
      subunit were phosphorylated; different proteins were modified to various extents
      when different kinases were used. We have identified several proteins of 40S and
      60S ribosomal subunits which are not available to the kinases in the 80S
      particles. Ribosomes isolated from S. cerevisiae cells growing in logarithmic
      phase of growth were found to contain a number of phosphorylated proteins.
      Studies by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the
      ribosomal proteins phosphorylated in vivo correspond with those phosphorylated in
      vitro. The relationship of in vivo phsophorylation of ribosomes to the growth and
      physiology of S. cerevisiae is not known.

PMID- 179567
TI  - Effect of membrane protein on lipid bilayer structure: a spin-label electron spin
      resonance study of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - Spin-label electron spin resonance (ESR) methods have been used to study the
      structure of the envelope of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The data indicate
      that the lipid is organized in a bilayer structure. Proteolytic digestion of the
      glycoproteins which are the spike-like projections on the outer surface of the
      virus particle increases the fluidity of the lipid bilayer. Since the lipid
      composition of the virion reflects the composition of the host plasma membrane
      and the protein composition is determined by the viral genome, VSV was grown in
      both MDBK and BHK21-F cells to determine the effect of a change in lipid
      composition on the structure of the lipid bilayer of VSV. The lipid bilayer of
      the virion was found to be more rigid when derived from MDBK cells than from
      BHK21-F cells. Studies comparing spin-labeled intact cells and cell membrane
      fractions suggest that upon labeling the whole cell the spin label probes the
      plasma membrane. Comparison of spin-labeled VSV particles and their host cells
      indicates that the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is considerably more
      fluid than that of the virion. These results are discussed in terms of the effect
      of membrane-associated protein on the structure of the lipid bilayer.

PMID- 179566
TI  - Association of methanol and ethanol with heme proteins.
AB  - The behavior of ferrihemoglobin and ferrimyoglobin in widely varying
      concentrations of the lowest four alcohols has been studied by optical and
      electron paramagnetic resonance absorption spectroscopy. Methanol and ethanol, at
      concentrations too low to cause general conformational destabilization of the
      protein, produce both optical and electron paramagnetic resonance absorption
      spectral changes in ferrihemoglobin. These changes arise from equilibrium
      associations, characterized by dissociation constants at 25 degrees C of about 40
      and 200 mM, respectively, for the methanol-ferrihemoglobin and ethanol
      ferrihemoglobin complexes so formed. Other optical spectral changes appear when
      the methanol concentration exceeds 3.5 M and the ethanol, 1.0 M. At
      concentrations lower than 0.5 M, 1- and 2-propanol produce spectral changes of
      this second kind. At room temperature no optical evidence has been found that the
      propanols associate with ferrihemoglobin in the manner of methanol and ethanol.
      Methanol and ethanol at low concentration have specific effects, characterized by
      electron paramagnetic resonance spectral differences, upon ferric alphaSH chains.
      All four alcohols, over a wide range of concentrations, reduce the symmetry of
      electron paramagnetic resonance spectra from frozen solutions of ferrihemoglobin;
      even at the high end of this concentration range, none  of the alcohols reduces
      the symmetry of electron paramagnetic resonance spectra from frozen
      ferrimyoglobin. Ferrimyoglobin and catalase association with methanol is
      measurable optically; the binding is about five and sixty times weaker,
      respectively, for these two proteins as compared with ferrihemoglobin.

PMID- 179568
TI  - Sequence composition of the template-active fraction of rat liver chromatin.
AB  - Rat liver chromatin has been separated into nuclease-sensitive and -resistant
      fractions after mild digestion with DNAase II. The nuclease-sensitive material is
      further fractionated into Mg2+ -soluble and -insoluble chromatin fractions. The
      kinetics of production of these chromatin fractions have been investigated. After
      a brief enzyme treatment (5 min at 10 enzyme units/A260 unit of chromatin at pH
      6.6), 11% of the input chromatin DNA is found in the Mg2+ -soluble fraction. This
      DNA has a weight-average single-strand length of about 400 nucleotides and, as
      determined by renaturation kinetics, comprises a subset of nonrepetitive DNA
      sequences and a subset of families of middle repetitive sequences. This
      demonstrates the nonrandom distribution of repetitive and single copy sequences
      in the Mg2+ -soluble fraction of chromatin. Previous studies have shown that the
      Mg2+ -soluble fraction is enriched in nonrepeated  sequences which are
      transcribed in vivo (Gottesfeld, J.M., Garrard, W.T., Bagi, G., Wilson, R.F., and
      Bonner, J. (1974), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 2193-2197). We now report
      that the Mg2+ -soluble fraction of liver chromatin contains a low proportion of
      sequences in common with the Mg2+ -soluble fraction of brain chromatin. Thus,
      fractionation does not depend on some general property of chromatin but is
      specific with regard to the template activity of the tissue from which the
      chromatin was obtained.

PMID- 179569
TI  - Divergent effects of adrenocorticotropin and melanotropin on isolated rat and
      rabbit adipocytes.
AB  - The stimulation of lipolysis in isolated rat and rabbit fat cells by
      adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and alpha-melanotropin has been studied. The
      concentration of alpha-melanotropin required for half maximal stimulation is 0.23
      times that of ACTH in rabbit adipocytes but as high as 1140 times that of ACTH in
      rat fat cells. Chemical modification of the tryptophan residue in ACTH and
      melanotropin resulted in a loss of lipolytic activity in rat adipocytes and an
      increase in lipolytic potency in rabbit fat cells. These differences between rat
      and rabbit fat cells were evident when stimulation of cyclic AMP synthesis was
      measured in isolated cells or ghosts. The results are discussed in terms of the
      difference in the hormone receptors of the fat cells of the two species.

PMID- 179570
TI  - Comparison of the steroidogenic and melanotropic activities of corticotropin,
      alpha-melanotropin and analogs with their lipolytic activities in rat and rabbit
      adipocytes.
AB  - The ability of alpha-melanotropin and a series of synthetic peptides related to
      adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) to stimulate steroidogenesis in isolated rat adrenal
      cells, melanin dispersion in frog melanophores and lipolysis in rat and rabbit
      fat cells have been studied. It was found that the steroidogenic activity closely
      paralleled the lipolytic activity of these peptides in rat fat cells, whereas the
      melanocyte stimulating activity paralleled the lipolytic activity in rabbit fat
      cells. These results indicate that the structural requirements for stimulating
      steroidogenesis in isolated rat adrenal cells and lipolysis in isolated rat fat
      cells are quite similar. The structural features required for eliciting lipolysis
      in rabbit fat cells appear to be very similar to those necessary for stimulating
      frog melanophores. The possibility that regulation of lipid metabolism in the
      rabbit may be a new function acquired by melanotropin is discussed.

PMID- 179571
TI  - Roles of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors in control of glucose oxidation in
      hamster epididymal adipocytes.
AB  - Oxidation of [14C] glucose in isolated epididymal adipocytes from Golden hamsters
      was stimulated by isoproterenol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, which all
      interact with beta-adrenergic receptors and by adrenocorticotrophic hormone. In
      contrast alpha-receptor agonists, such as phenylephrine, methoxamine or clonidine
      did not increase basal glucose oxidation. The beta-adrenergic blocking drug
      propranolol inhibited both lipolysis and glucose oxidation when these had been
      stimulated by isoproterenol, epinephrine or norepinephrine. Conversely, the alpha
      adrenergic blocking drugs phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine did not influence
      lipolysis or glucose oxidation when isoproterenol provided the stimulus and
      increased both lipolysis and glucose metabolism in the present of either
      epinephrine or norepinephrine. All alpha-adrenergic agonists tested
      (phenylephrine, methoxamine and clonidine) lowered lipolysis and glucose
      oxidation isolated adipocytes exposed to isoproterenol. However, when
      adrenocorticotropin provided the stimulus for glucose oxidation and lipolysis,
      only clonidine produced a significant reduction in lipolysis and glucose
      oxidation. None of the alpha-agonists influenced glucose metabolism which had
      been increased by insulin. These data confirm the presence of both alpha and beta
      adrenergic receptors on hamster epididymal adipocytes and suggest that they exert
      antagonistic influences on lipolysis and glucose oxidation. These data are also
      consistent with the view that adrenergic stimulation of glucose oxidation and
      lipolysis in adipocytes are both mediated through beta receptors.

PMID- 179572
TI  - Maternal-perinatal interrelationships of vitamin D metabolism in rats.
AB  - In pregnant rats it has been possible to show that the distribution of
      cholecalciferol metabolites in their fetuses reflects the distribution of these
      metabolites in the blood. In these experiments, pregnant rats were maintained on
      a vitamin D deficient diet but were supplemented with radiolabelled
      cholecalciferol. The metabolites found were 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol and, to a lesser extent, cholecalciferol. 1,25
      Dihydroxycholecalciferol was not detected in fetal tissues, despite the ability
      of fetal kidney homogenates to hydroxylate 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in C-1.
      Kidney homogenates of newborn pups were found to possess marked activity of 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol-24-hydroxylase, which was retained even in hypocalcemic
      pups born to pregnant rats that were fed a low-calcium diet. Injection of
      radiolabeled cholecalciferol to newborn pups resulted in the formation of 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. 1,25
      Dihydroxycholecalciferol was not detected. Tissues thought of as target organs
      for vitamin D (in pregnant rats), namely, intestine, kidney and bone, were found
      to contain none or very little 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Mammary glands
      obtained from lactating rats were found to contain mainly the unchanged vitamin.

PMID- 179573
TI  - The dependence of specific nuclear binding of glucocorticoids by rat thymus cells
      on cellular ATP levels.
AB  - The specific, saturable, nuclear binding of corticosteroids by rat thymus cells
      has been studied. Both the accumulation and the retention of corticosteroids by
      the nuclei of rat thymus cells at 37 degrees C were dependent upon the metabolic
      state of the cells. Treatment of cells with 2,4-dinitrophenol in the absence of
      glucose inhibited both accumulation and retention  in the cell nucleus; these
      effects could be only partially prevented by the addition of glucose. The
      presence or absence of glucose also influenced the level of nuclear binding in
      the absence of 2,4-dinitrophenol, and in all cases the levels of nuclear binding
      of corticosteroids were correlated with cellular ATP levels. The effects of other
      reagents on levels of ATP and cyclic AMP also showed that significant changes in
      the level of nuclear-bound steroid were always accompanied by parallel variations
      in ATP levels, although there were no such correlations with levels of cyclic
      AMP. The partial restoration of nuclear binding by glucose in cells previously
      treated with 2,4-dinitrophenol was unaffected by cycloheximiede although protein
      synthesis was inhibited. Possible mechanisms by which the corticosteroid receptor
      is converted to a form capable of binding steroids by a reaction which requires
      energy but not de nova protein synthesis are discussed.

PMID- 179574
TI  - Optimum conditions for the binding of insulin to its receptor.
AB  - The specific binding of insulin to the membranes from lactating mouse mammary
      gland was studied as a model of hormonereceptor type of binding. The basic
      ingredients of binding, the concentration of receptor protein and the
      concentration of labeled insulin were mainly studied. The characteristic changes
      in specific binding were followed, the adequate regression equation was draen and
      the optimum conditions of binding were established for further experiments. The
      expediency of applying shortened orthogonal plans, regression and analysis and
      graphic conture analysis were proved.

PMID- 179576
TI  - The absence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from myocytes, hepatocytes and adipocytes.
AB  - Myocytes, hepatocytes and adipocytes were prepared from heart, liver and
      epididymal fat pad of the rat. No detectable level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was
      found. Evidence is also presented which indicates the absence from these cells of
      2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase. Previous
      findings by others of the presence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate mutase probably resulted from erythrocytes sequestered in the
      tissue.

PMID- 179575
TI  - The appearance of an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitory protein upon the addition
      of putrescine to cell cultures.
AB  - Quiescent, contact inhibited H-35 rat hepatoma cell cultures maintained in
      minimal essential medium contain a very low level of ornithine decarboxylase
      activity. However, 2 h after the addition of 10% fetal calf serum to the culture
      medium, the enzyme activity increases by approx. 100-fold. This increase can be
      completely inhibited by the simultaneous addition of 10(-2) M putrescine. The
      presence of putrescine elicits the appearance of an intracellular inhibitor of
      ornithine decarboxylase. This inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase has a
      molecular weight of 26500, is sensitive to the action of chymotrypsin and is
      noncompetitive with respect to ornithine. The intracellular appearance of this
      inhibitor is sensitive to cycloheximide but is only partially inhibited by
      actinomycin D.

PMID- 179577
TI  - Secretory processes, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in isolated mouse
      hepatocytes. Aspects of regulation by glucagon and insulin.
AB  - The procedure of Berry and Friend for isolation of intact hepatocytes has been
      adapted to mouse livers. The ultrastructure of these cells was satisfactorily
      preserved. Isolated mouse hepatocytes secreted proteins and triacylglycerols.
      These secretory processes were inhibited by colchicine, indicating a likely
      involvement of the microtubular system for their normal occurrence.
      Ultracentrifugation of medium incubated with hepatocytes, followed by
      electrophoresis and electron microscopic examination of the floating fraction
      (density less than 1.006) allowed to conclude that secreted triacylglycerols were
      very low density lipoproteins. Glycogenolysis and lipogenesis were stimulated or
      inhibited, respectively, by low concentrations of glucagon (10(-10) M). Other
      metabolic parameters were influenced by the hormone but were less sensitive to
      its action. Inhibition of lipogenesis by glucagon was associated with a decrease
      in acetyl CoA carboxylase activity. This decrease does not appear to be related
      to intracellular fatty acyl-CoA accumulation secondary to hepatic lipase
      activation by the hormone. Insulin was effective alone or counteracted glucagon
      effects on lipogenesis or glycogenolysis only when exposure of cells to
      collagenase was held minimal. This suggests that, during isolation of
      hepatocytes, insulin receptors may, for unknown reasons, be more fragile than
      those of glucagon.

PMID- 179578
TI  - Activation of protein kinase(s) by glucagon and cyclic AMP in the rat liver.
      Relationship to metabolic effects.
AB  - Although it is known that protein kinases are activated by cyclic AMP, the role
      of the activated kinase in the gluconeogenic response to cyclic AMP is not known.
      Therefore, we examined whether the inhibition of the gluconeogenic response in
      the liver is due to an interference with the activation of protein kinase in the
      following situations: (1) adrenalectomy, (2) Na+-free perfusate, (3)
      administration of local anesthetic. We measured protein kinase activity
      indirectly by measuring incorporation of 32P into proteins of the perfused liver,
      and directly by measuring the enzyme activity. We found no significant inhibition
      of activation of protein kinase in the above experimental conditions. It seems
      that in the intact liver, activation of protein kinase by itself is not
      sufficient to evoke metabolic responses. In order to clarify whether the
      requirement for ion redistribution is specific for the gluconeogenic response or
      not, the lipolytic and antilipogenic effects of glucagon and cyclic AMP were
      examined. Na+-free perfusate, local anesthetic or high K+ did interfere with the
      lipolytic and antilipogenic responses to these agents just as it interfered with
      the gluconeogenic response. It is likely that ion redistribution evoked by
      glucagon and cyclic AMP is essential to the expression of most, if not all,
      metabolic effects.

PMID- 179579
TI  - Demonstration of adenylate cyclase activity in human red blood cell ghosts.
AB  - The presence of adenylate cyclase (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing) EC
      4.6.1.1) activity was demonstrated in human erythrocyte ghosts and was found to
      be around 3 pmol adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) - 2 h-1 - mg-1
      protein. This enzymatic activity is strongly stimulated by NaF and 5'
      guanylimidodiphosphate, is slightly stimulated by epinephrine, norepinephrine,
      isoproterenol, and prostaglandin E1 and is inhibited by calcium. The hormone
      stimulation is not potentiated by 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate.

PMID- 179580
TI  - Premature induction of amylase in pancreas and parotid gland of growing rats by
      dexamethasone.
AB  - Studies were made on changes in the contents of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in the
      pancreas and parotid gland of rats during postnatal development, on the premature
      induction of this enzyme by hormones and on the existence of specific
      glucocorticoid receptors in these tissues. The amylase content in the pancreas
      increased from the 9th day after birth and reached the adult level on the 28th
      day, its content in the parotid gland increased rapidly from the 16th to the 28th
      day after birth and then rose more gradually to the adult level. Injection of
      dexamethasone into rats 6--8 days after birth induced increase in the amylase of
      the pancreas but not the parotid gland. However, injection of dexamethasone into
      weanling rats 21--23 days after birth resulted in precocious induction of amylase
      in both tissues. Specific glucocorticoid receptors were detectable in the parotid
      gland of rats from 6 days after birth but were almost undetectable in the
      pancreas until adolescence.

PMID- 179582
TI  - Inhibition of growth and aspartokinase activity of Salmonella typhimurium by
      thialysine.
AB  - Thialysine (S-2-aminoethyl cysteine) is an analog of lysine and has been reported
      to inhibit the lysyl-tRNA synthetase activity of Escherichia coli. This analog
      inhibits the growth of Salmonella typhimurium when added to glucose minimal
      medium at concentrations of 1.25 mM or greater. The addition of lysine with
      thialysine restores the normal growth rate, whereas, methionine, valine, or
      leucine each enhances the growth inhibition casued by thialysine. Enzyme assays
      demonstrate that thialysine inhibits not only the lysyl-tRNA synthetase from S.
      typhimurium, but also the aspartokinase activity. Lysine and thialysine appear to
      inhibit the same 40% of the total aspartokinase because simultaneous addition of
      the two compounds to the reaction mixture does not increase the inhibition caused
      by either alone. Furthermore, the slow growth of cells in the presence of 2.5 mM
      thialysine decreases the level of aspartokinase activity, suggesting that
      thialysine causes repression of enzyme synthesis as well as inhibition of
      activity.

PMID- 179581
TI  - Acute effects of oral and intravenous ethanol on rat hepatic enzyme activities.
AB  - 1. Oral administration of ethanol (3 ml) of 95% in 12 ml total volume over a two
      day period) significantly decrease plasma glucose and insulin levels and the
      activities of two key gluconeogenic enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase (pyruvate: CO2
      ligase (ADP), EC 6.4.1.1) and fructose diphosphatase, (D-Fru-1,6-P2 1
      phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11), and one glycolytic enzyme, fructose-1,6-P2
      aldolase (Fru-1,6-P2 D-glyceraldehyde-3-P lyase, EC 4.1.2.13). In each instance,
      the administration of 2400 mug daily of oral folate in conjuction with the
      ethanol prevented these alterations in carbohydrate metabolism. 2. Intravenous
      injection of ethanol produced a rapid decrease (within 10--15 min) in the
      activities of hepatic phosphofructokinase, (ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 6
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11), pyruvate kinase, (ATP:pyruvate
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40), fructose diphosphatase and fructose-1,6-P2
      aldolase. 3. Intravenous ethanol significantly increased hepatic cyclic AMP
      concentration approximately 60% within 10 min, while oral ethanol did not alter
      hepatic cyclic AMP concentrations. 4. These data confirm the known antagonism
      ethanol and folate and suggest that oral folate might offer a protective effect
      against hypoglycemia in rats receiving ethanol.

PMID- 179583
TI  - Growth of a mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 on xylitol by recruiting enzymes for
      D-xylose and L1,2-propanediol metabolism.
AB  - Wild type Escherichia coli K-12 cannot grow on xylitol and we have been
      unsuccessful in isolating a mutant directly which had acquired this new growth
      ability. However, a mutant had been selected previously for growth on L-1,2
      propanediol as the sole source of carbon and energy. This mutant constitutively
      synthesized a propanediol dehydrogenase. Recently, we have found that this
      dehydrogenase fortuitously converted xylitol to D-xylose which could normally be
      metabolized by E. coli K-12. In addition, it was also discovered that the D
      xylose permease fortuitously transported xylitol into the cell. A second mutant
      was thus isolated from the L-1,2-propanediol-growing mutant that was constitutive
      for the enzymes of the D-xylose pathway. This mutant could indeed grow on xylitol
      as the sole source of carbon and energy, by utilizing the enzymes normally
      involved in D-xylose and L-1,2-propanediol metabolism.

PMID- 179584
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide levels in regenerating liver.

PMID- 179585
TI  - Transformation of glucocorticoid-receptor complex from rat thymocytes and its
      accumulation in chromatin in a cell-free system.
AB  - The accumulation of glucocorticoid-receptor complex from rat thymocyte cytosol in
      a thymocyte chromatin preparation has been studied. A thymocyte 100 000 X g
      supernatant was prepared and the receptor and the receptor stabilized by the
      addition of glycerol until 40%. Tritiated glucocorticoid-receptor complex was
      formed by incubation of this solution with tritiated glucocorticoids at -5 degree
      C. The chromatin accumulated part of the complex at incubations at 4 degrees C.
      Receptor without hormone was not accumulated in the chromatin. The accumulation
      from cytosol diluted and preincubated at 4 degrees C prior to the addition of the
      chromatin occurred with a high rate, whereas a low rate was seen without
      preincubation. This indicated a transformation of the complex during the
      preincubation. This transformation was found to be obligatory for the
      accumulation and to be promoted by dilution of the supernatant and by high ionic
      strength. The transformed and the untransformed complexes differed with respect
      to partition coefficients in an aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase
      system and in their behaviour during adsorptions with dextran-coated charcoal,
      where great loss of transformed complex was observed. The accumulation of complex
      in the chromatin was found to be unsaturable in the concentration interval
      studied (0.07--0.25 nM).

PMID- 179587
TI  - The one-electron transfer redox potentials of free radicals. I. The
      oxygen/superoxide system.
AB  - The method of determination of Redox potentials of radicals, using the pulse
      radiolysis technique, is outlined. The method is based on the determination of
      equilibrium constants of electron transfer reactions between the radicals and
      appropriate acceptors. The limitations of this technique are discussed. The redox
      potentials of several quinones-semiquinones are calculated, as well as the
      standard redox potential of the peroxy radical. EO2/O2=-0.33 V and the redox
      oxidation properties of the peroxy radical in various systems and pH are
      discussed. The value determined for the redox potentials of O2/O2 is higher by
      more than 0.2 V than earlier estimates, which has important implications on the
      possible role of O2 in biological processes of O2 fixation.

PMID- 179586
TI  - Phospholipases and the effect of prolactin on uridine incorporation into RNA in
      mammary gland explants of mice.
AB  - The possible effects of phospholipase A and phospholipase C on the rate of
      uridine incorporation into RNA in mammary gland explants of mice were tested.
      Phospholipase C had no effect on the rate of uridine incorporation, but it did
      suppress the action of prolactin on this metabolic parameter. In contrast,
      phospholipase A was found to stimulate the rate of uridine incorporation into RNA
      in a manner similar to that of prolactin. The time-courses for the onset of the
      prolactin and phospholipase A effects were the same. Also, the phospholipase A
      effect was nonadditive to the effect produced by a maximally stimulatory
      concentration of prolactin. Finally it was observed that, like the prolactin
      effect, the phospholipase A effect was abolished by incubation with dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP, theophylline, quinine, indomethacin and prostaglandin E1. Further,
      the phospholipase A effect was nonadditive to the prolactin-like effects produced
      by the cyclic GMP, prostaglandin F2alpha or arachidonic acid. These data
      therefore suggest that prolactin and phospholipase A stimulate RNA synthesis in
      mammary gland explants via similar processes.

PMID- 179588
TI  - Compositional characteristics of a chloroform/methanol soluble protein fraction
      from spinach chloroplast membranes.
AB  - Extraction of an aqueous suspension of spinach chloroplast lamellae with a
      chloroform/methanol mixture leads to solubilization of about 1/3 of the total
      membrane protein. Amino acid analysis of the chloroform/methanol-soluble protein
      shows that this fraction is largely enriched in the hydrophobic residues proline,
      leucine, alanine and phenylalanine and considerably depleted in polar amino
      acids, namely lysine and arginine. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the solubilized material reveals the presence of a variety of
      low molecular weight polypeptides (molecular weight less than or equal to 25
      000), with more than 50% of the total fraction being contributed by a 25 000
      dalton band. This band, which accounts for about 25% of the total chloroplast
      lamellar protein, has recently been identified as the main component of the light
      harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex. The physiological role of most of the
      chloroform/methanol-soluble protein fraction is not known at present. From its
      chemical properties and apparent biological inertness, we propose that it plays
      mainly a structural role in situ, interacting with the lipid moiety of the
      chloroplast membrane. The material insoluble in the aqueous chloroform/methanol
      mixture is largely enriched in manganese, iron, cytochrome and water-soluble
      proteins, such as chloroplast coupling factor and ribulose diphosphate
      carboxylase.

PMID- 179589
TI  - PRoperties of the low-temperature photosystem I primary reaction in the P-700
      chlorophyll alpha-protein.
AB  - The Photosystem I primary reaction, as measured by electron paramagnetic
      resonance changes of P-700 and a bound iron-sulfur center, has been studied at 15
      degrees K in P-700-chlorophyll alpha-protein complexes isolated from a blue-green
      alga. One complex, prepared with sodium dodecyl sulfate shows P-700
      photooxidation only at 300 degrees K, whereas a second complex, prepared with
      Triton X-100, is photochemically active at 15 degrees K as well as at 300 degrees
      K. Analysis of these two preparations shows that the absence of low-temperature
      photoactivity in the sodium dodecyl sulfate complex reflects a lack of bound iron
      sulfur centers in this preparation and supports the assignment of an iron-sulfur
      center as the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem I.

PMID- 179590
TI  - The mobile receptor hypothesis and "cooperativity" of hormone binding.
      Application to insulin.
AB  - The mobile receptor hypothesis has been proposed to describe the process by which
      hormone receptor binding initiates a biological response; it states that
      receptors, which can diffuse independently in the plane of the membrane,
      reversibly associate with effectors to regulate their activity. The affinity for
      effector is greater when the receptor is occupied by hormone. A mathematical
      expression of the mobile receptor hypothesis is used to show that: (1) The
      predicted kinetics of hormone receptor binding may be indistinguishable from
      "negative cooperativity." (2) Receptor occupancy and biological response may be
      coupled in a non-linear fashion. By choosing specific parameters, most of the
      existing data on insulin binding and biological responses can be explained in
      terms of the mobile receptor hypothesis. Thus, the following are easily
      explained: (1) A single homogeneous receptor may appear kinetically to be
      composed of two classes (of high and low affinity) of receptors. (2) Occupancy of
      the apparent class of high affinity receptors is related linearly to the
      biological response. (3) The same receptor in different tissues may appear to
      have different affinity. (4) The binding of different biologically active insulin
      analogues may exhibit different degrees of "cooperativity." These considerations
      may also be pertinent to interpretations of other hormone-receptor systems and of
      various ligand-macromolecule interactions.

PMID- 179591
TI  - The surface membrane of the small intestinal epithelial cell. I. Localization of
      adenyl cyclase.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of adenyl cyclase was investigated in small
      intestinal epithelial cells. Enterocytes were isolated, disrupted and the
      resulting membranes fractionated by differential and sucrose gradient
      centrifugation. Separation of luminal (brush border) and contra-luminal
      (basolateral) plasma membrane was achieved on a discontinuous sucrose gradient.
      The activity of adenyl cyclase was followed during fractionation in relation to
      other enzymes, notably those considered as markers for luminal and contraluminal
      plasma membrane. The luminal membrane was identified by the membrane-bound
      enzymes sucrase and alkaline phosphatase and the basolateral region by (Na+ + K+)
      ATPase. Enrichment of the former two enzymes in purified luminal plasma membrane
      was 8-fold over cells and that of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in purified bisolateral
      plasma membranes was 13-fold. F--activated adenyl cyclase co-purified with (Na+ +
      K+)-ATPase, suggesting a common localization on the plasma membrane. The
      distribution of K+-stimulated phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase also followed (Na+
      + K+)-ATPase during fractionation.

PMID- 179593
TI  - Lipid-protein interactions in model membranes from bovine brain white matter. An
      ESR spin label and electron microscopy study.
AB  - Lipid-protein model membranes, prepared from bovine brain white matter and
      containing all the lipids and Folch-Lees proteolipids, have been studied in
      macroscopically oriented multibilayers. To examine the lipid environment the
      membranes were spin labeled with the cholestane spin label (3'-spiro(2'=(N-oxyl
      4',4'-dimethyl-oxazolidine))5alpha-cholestane) and a fatty acid spin label (4',4'
      dimethyloxazolidine-N-oxyl derivative of 5-ketostearic acid). The ESR spectra
      exhibit two components arising from fairly well oriented and completely
      unoriented lipids. Up to a temperature of 55 degrees C the amount of oriented
      lipids is almost constant, being about 35%. At higher temperatures this
      percentage drops rapidly to zero. It is shown that the presence of unoriented
      lipids arises mainly from disrupted areas in the lipid bilayer structure. This is
      confirmed by electron miccroscopy and from an analysis of the temperature
      dependence of the order parameters of the spin labels. The presence of locally
      disrupted lipid parts in the bilayer is discussed in relation to the interaction
      of the brain white matter lipids with Folch-Lees protein.

PMID- 179592
TI  - The effect of short chain fatty acids on transmural electrical potential across
      rat small intestine in vivo.
AB  - Short chain fatty acids suddenly produce a phasic increase in transmural
      electrical potential difference (PD) when placed in the lumen of rat small
      intestine in vivo. With concentrations of propionate ranging from 50 muM to 1000
      muM the amplitude of the response in jejunum is about 5.5 mV. The concentration
      giving half this effect is about 20 muM. With 10 mM propionate the duration of
      the response is 3-5 min; after this, PD again equals the control value and the
      gut is refractory to further additions. Removing propionate from the mucosal
      surface produces no change in PD, but does restore responsiveness to subsequent
      exposure to short chain fatty acids. This effect is independent of a variety of
      other alterations in PD such as those caused by sugars, amino acids, bile salts,
      theophylline, prostaglandins, and ATP. Mechanism and significance of this
      surprisingly sensitive response remain obscure.

PMID- 179594
TI  - Hormone action at the membrane level. V. Binding of (+/-)-[3H]isoproterenol to
      intact chicken erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts.
AB  - The binding of (+/-)-[7-3H]isoproterenol to intact chicken erythrocytes has been
      investigated by a rapid centrifugation technique. The binding is displaceable by
      a one thousand-fold excess of cold isoproterenol and consists of two fractions,
      only one of which is inhibitable by the beta antagonist (--)-propranolol. The
      total displaceable binding to intact cells amounts to 80 or 127 molecules per
      cell at a (+/-)-isoproterenol concentration of 0.4 muM depending on the method
      employed to analyze the binding. Under similar conditions, the total displaceable
      binding to isolated membrane ghosts is 12600 molecules per cell. The propranolol
      inhibitable binding to intact cell reaches saturation within 5 min at 4 degrees C
      and gives by scatchard analysis a maximum binding of 108 molecules per cell and
      with a KD of 0.4 muM. 50% inhibition of binding is obtained with 0.3 muM
      unlabeled (--)-isoproterenol as compared to 20 muM unlabeled (+)-isoproterenol.
      The binding of isoproterenol thus shows a marked stereospecific preference for
      the (--)-isomer.

PMID- 179595
TI  - Interactions of the cholesterol side-chain with egg lecithin. A spin label study.
AB  - The effect in egg lecithin liposomes of cholesterol and cholesterol analogues
      with side-chains of reduced length on the order parameters of two steroid spin
      labels has been studied. Analogues with side-chains shorter than cholesterol by
      more than three carbon cause significantly less ordering than cholesterol.
      Liposomes containing a cholesterol analogue in which the side-chain is absent
      cause very little increase in the ordering of a new sterol spin label in which
      the nitroxide is incorporated into the side-chain. The results suggest that the
      sterol side-chain exerts a great influence on membrane rigidity within its
      immediate environment.

PMID- 179596
TI  - Cell surface and metabolic labelling of the proteins of normal and transformed
      chicken cells.
AB  - We have studied the surface proteins of normal and transformed chick cells using
      four-labelling techniques with different specificities, (a) lactoperoxidase
      catalysed iodination (b) galactose oxidase/B3H4 (c) pyridoxal phosphate/B3H4 and
      (d) periodate/B3H4. All methods labelled a large external transformation
      sensitive (LETS) protein, in agreement with previous studies. In addition, using
      galactose oxidase and periodate labelling techniques, we present evidence which
      suggests that the transformed cell surface glycoproteins are more sialylated. The
      LETS protein was also labelled with (14C) glucosamine and after trypsinization a
      small band of identical molecular weight to LETS remained, possibly representing
      an internal pool of the protein. In contrast LETS protein labelled with (3H)
      fucose was completely removed by trypsin, suggesting that the internal pool of
      the protein is incompletely glycosylated. Evidence is also presented to show that
      although the level of the protein is drastically reduced at the transformed cell
      surface, it is still synthesised and shed into the medium.

PMID- 179597
TI  - Localization of enzymes in specialized regions of the microsomal membrane.
AB  - Microsomal vesicles were centrifuged through sucrose density gradients containing
      deoxycholate. With 0.15% detergent electron transport enzymes and phosphatases
      could be separated. Increasing the deoxycholate concentration to 0.19% resulted
      in separation of the microsomal material into five bands containing (in order
      from the top of the gradient) adenosine monophosphatase, inosine diphosphatase
      and some glucose-6-phosphatase (band 1); NADH-linked (band 2) and NADH-linked
      (band 3) electron transport enzymes; and glucose-6-phosphatase (bands 4 and 5).
      It appears that enzymes are arranged in specialized patches in the microsomal
      membrane.

PMID- 179598
TI  - The glucagon receptor of rat liver plasma membrane can couple to adenylate
      cyclase without activating it.
AB  - 1. Activation of adenylate cyclase in rat liver plasma membranes by fluoride or
      GMP-P (NH)P yielded linear Arrheniun plots. Activation by glucagon alone, or in
      combination with either fluoride or GMP-P(NH)P resulted in biphasic Arrhenius
      plots with a well-defined break at 28.5 +/- 1 degrees C. 2. The competitive
      glucagon antagonist, des-His-glucagon did not activate the adenylate cyclase but
      produced biphasic Arrhenius plots in combination with fluoride or GMP-P(NH)P. The
      break temperatures and activation energies were very similar to those observed
      with glucagon alone, or in combination with either fluoride or GMP-P(NH)P. 3. It
      is concluded that although des-His-glucagon is a potent antagonist of glucagon,
      it nevertheless causes a structural coupling between the receptor and the
      catalytic unit.

PMID- 179599
TI  - The lipid environment of the glucagon receptor regulates adenylate cyclase
      activity.
AB  - 1. The lipids composition of rat liver plasma membranes was substantially altered
      by introducing synthetic phosphatidylcholines into the membrane by the techniques
      of lipid substitution or lipid fusion. 40-60% of the total lipid pool in the
      modified membranes consisted of a synthetic phosphatidylcholine. 2. Lipid
      substitution, using cholate to equilibrate the lipid pools, resulted in the
      irreversible loss of a major part of the adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by
      F-, GMP-P(NH)P or glucagon. However, fusion with presonicated vesicles of the
      synethic phosphatidylcholines causes only small losses in adenylate cyclase
      activity stimulated by the same ligands. 3. The linear form of the Arrhenius
      plots of adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by F- or GMP-(NH)P was unaltered
      in all of the membrane preparations modified by substitution or fusion, with very
      similar activation energies to those observed with the native membrane. The
      activity of the enzyme therefore appears to be very insensitive to its lipid
      environment when stimulated by F- or gmp-p(nh)p. 4. in contrast, the break at
      28.5 degrees C in the Arrhenius plot of adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by
      glucagon in the native membrane, was shifted upwards by dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine, downwards by dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, and was
      abolished by dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine. Very similar shifts in the break point
      were observed for stimulation by glucagon or des-His-glucagon in combination with
      F- or GMP-P(NH)P. The break temperatures and activation energies for adenylate
      cyclase activity were the same in complexes prepared with a phosphatidylcholine
      by fusion or substitution. 5. The breaks in the Arrhenius plots of adenylate
      cyclase activity are attributed to lipid phase separations which are shifted in
      the modified membranes according to the transition temperature of the synthetic
      phosphatidylcholine. Coupling the receptor to the enzyme by glucagon or des-His
      glucagon renders the enzyme sensitive to the lipid environment of the receptor.
      Spin-label experiments support this interpretation and suggest that the lipid
      phase separation at 28.5 degrees C in the native membrane may only occur in one
      half of the bilayer.

PMID- 179600
TI  - [Study, by an enzymatic method, of the isomers of L-proline (3H-4) and of the
      effects of preservation].
AB  - By use of procollagen proline hydroxylas which catalyses the substitution of the
      hydrogen in the trans position on carbon 4 with an hydroxyl on L-proline residues
      of procollagen, we have shown that the L-[3H-4] proline product of C.E.N. Saclay
      contained 29 per cent of the trans and 71 per cent of the cis form. It was also
      possible to verify the molecular stability of the isomers and that a small amount
      of tritium was randomly linked to the whole molecule.

PMID- 179601
TI  - [The action of calcium on the step of collagen metabolism, catalyzed by
      procollagen-proline hydroxylase].
AB  - Calcium effects on procollagen-proline-hydroxylase activity of chick embryo
      tibias was studied. Serial preincubation of the natural substrate, the enzymatic
      preparation or the mixture of both with and without calcium showed that calcium
      decreased procollagen-prolin-hydroxylase affinity for procollagen, decreased the
      maximum velocity of the reaction by binding to the substrate and by increasing
      the thermosensitivity of the enzyme -- substrate complex. Calcium could also
      increase the maximum velocity by dissociation of an enzyme -- inhibitor ligand
      complex. The resulting decrease of the overall reaction rate has been discussed
      in the context of the relationship between collagen metabolism and calcium
      fixation during calcification.

PMID- 179602
TI  - [In vitro aromatization of testosterone by guinea pig placenta].

PMID- 179603
TI  - On global properties of neuronal interaction.

PMID- 179604
TI  - [A model for the spatial-temporal signal transmission properties of the human
      visual system based on the linear system theory of continuous media (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 179605
TI  - [Formation of adducts of pyridine nucleotides in the active center of swine
      lactate dehydrogenase (isoenzyme M4)].
AB  - Isozyme M4 of pig lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-M4) catalyzes reaction of NAD-adduct
      formation with a nucleophylic agent that is perhaps OH--ion. The T 1/2 of the
      reaction is 10-30 sec at concentration NAD 2,0-10(-3) M, LDH-M4 50 gamma/ml at pH
      greater than 8. Initial velocity and limit of the reaction increase at high LDH
      M4, NAD and OH--ion concentrations. Pyridine-3-aldehyde and 3-acetyl pyridine
      analogs of NAD forms fluorescent adducts too, but at OH--ion concentration
      approximately 0,01 of that in the case of NAD reaction. Isoelectrical point of
      LDH-M4 determined by isoelectrofocusing method is 8,65 +/- 0,04 pH unit.

PMID- 179606
TI  - [Pyridoxal kinase activity and pyridoxal-P concentration in mammalian tissues
      under normal and experimental conditions].
AB  - The activity and the distribution of pyridoxal kinase in rat and mouse tissues
      are studied. The data obtained testify the presence of a relative excess of
      pyridoxal kinase in all the organs studied, which probably causes a high rate of
      pyridoxalphosphate (PLP) biosynthesis under comparatively low vitamin B6
      concentration. A correlation between the level of pyridoxal kinase activity and
      the content of PLP in rat brain and liver during ontogenesis is observed. The
      activity of pyridoxal kinase and the content of PLP are shown to be sharply
      increased in liver of rats received a protein-rich diet. Bilateral adrenalectomy
      resulted in the decrease of absolute and specific enzyme activities in rat liver
      by 20--30%. The content of PLP in mouse brain and liver was sharply decreased
      under experimental B6-avitaminosis while the content of pyridoxal kinase
      practically did not change. The injection of vitamin B6 rapidly normalized the
      PLP content in mouse tissues. The data obtained show that under physiological
      conditions the functional activity of pyridoxal kinase may be regulated in
      tissues by enzyme and substate contents. Some aspects of vitamin B6 metabolism in
      mammals are considered. It is concluded that in body the pyridoxal catabolism
      connected with its phosphorylation by pyridoxal kinase and the formation of
      pyridoxalphosphate.

PMID- 179607
TI  - [Adrenal cortex cytochrome c].
AB  - The method of preparation of highly purified cytochrome c from bovine adrenal
      cortex is described. Absolute spectra of the protein in reduced and oxidized
      states and some its physico-chemical properties are investigated.

PMID- 179608
TI  - [Distribution and activity of pyridoxal kinase in human brain during
      ontogenesis].
AB  - The activity of pyridoxal kinase was sharply increased in whole brain tissue of
      human, embryos and fetuses within 6-11 weeks of development. In brain stem the
      maximal values of the enzyme activity was observed at early stages of prenatal
      development of fetuses. The activity of pyridoxal kinase was increased in
      cerebral cortex and in the limbic system up to complete maturation of fetuses. It
      correlated with the fetus age within 14-40 weeks of development as calculated per
      1 g of tissue wight or 1 mg of protein. The enzyme is distributed evenly in brain
      of newborns, babies and adult people. Its activity in grey cortex substance is
      higher, than in white one. There are 2-10-fold individual fluctuations of
      pyridoxal kinase activity in brain of people without CNS pathology. In newborns,
      having prolonged hypoxy at prenatal period, the enzyme activity was on the
      average by 70-80% lower at different brain parts than in newborns which had no
      primary asphyxia. A low pyridoxal kinase activity (not more than 1-5% as compared
      with its normal level) was observed in different brain parts of a child affected
      by focal gliosis and epilepsy.

PMID- 179609
TI  - [The interaction of pyridine-adenine-dinucleotides containing a hydrazide group
      with swine muscle lactate dehydrogenase].
AB  - Hydrazide group of 4-substituted NAD analogues is shown to interact with
      functional groups of substrate-binding site in double complexes with pig muscle
      lactate dehydrogenase (isoenzyme M4). The lactic acid residue, which is
      structurally incorporated into NAD analogue, improves slightly the binding of
      dinucleotide, while 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl residue considerably
      decreases the firmless of binding. The comparison of the inhibitory ability of
      oxamate, incotinic acid hydraxide and their spin-labelled derivatives indicates
      the restricted and stiff sizes of a substrate-binding site.

PMID- 179610
TI  - [Kinetics and regulatory properties of the disulfide reductase enzyme from mouse
      liver].
AB  - Disulfide reductase (DSR) of mice liver supernatant is kinetically demonstrated
      as associating-dissociating oligomeric protein with positive homotropic
      cooperativity for the substrate. Cyclic 3',5'-AMP (10(-11)--10(-5) M) activates
      DSR and increases V, but does not change either [S]0,5, nor nH and does not shift
      the plot of specific activity versus the enzyme concentration. ATP, GTP, UTP,
      CTP, protamine, histone, Mg2+, Ca2+, EDTA (but not adenosine, 5'-AMP, 2'3'-AMP,
      ADP beef serum albumin) activated DSR. The effects of different modifiers are not
      summed up. Preincubation is essential for the action of the majority of the
      activators. Heating for 8 minutes at 55 degrees C desensitized completely DSR to
      all the modifiers without changing its catalytic activity, [S]0,5 and nH values.
      Possible mechanisms of activation of DSR, especially the involvement of protein
      kinase, are discussed.

PMID- 179611
TI  - [The stimulating effect of cyclic AMP, glucagon and insulin on guanidine acetate
      N-methyltransferase activity in rat liver and pancreas].
AB  - N6,O2'-dibutyrylcyclo-3',5'-AMP injected to intact rats alone or in combination
      with theophylline increases the activity of guanidine acetate methyltransferase
      (GAMT) in liver and pancreas. Cyclic 3',5'-AMP and its dibutyryl analog
      administered immediately or two hours after the suturing of common bile duct
      (SCBD) stimulate the increase of pancreatic GAMT activity 2-3 fold. Glucagon,
      injected intraabdominally simultaneously with SCBD and administration of
      theophylline, dramatically increases the theophylline effect on the GAMT
      activity. The freezing of rat pancreas pretreated witn secretin, a hormone
      structurally similar to glucagon, results in a 1.5-2-fold increase of creatine
      synthesis from S-adenosylmethionine and guanidinacetic acid. An hour after
      glucagon administration to intact rats the GAMT activity of liver increases 9
      times. The effect of glucagon is enhanced by insulin. Cycloheximide inhibits the
      increase of GAMT activity, induced by glucagon or a combination of glucagon and
      insulin. Experiments on tissue homogenates demonstrate that 3',5'-AMP in
      concentrations of 10(-8) --10(-2) M does not affect the GAMT activity or to some
      extent inhibits the enzyme. The homogenate incubation in a medium containing 10(
      5) M epinephrine or 10(-7) M caffeine and 5 mM Mg2+ leads to an increase in the
      GAMT activity. Oligomycin removes the stimulating effects of caffeine and Mg2+ on
      the enzyme activation. This is probably due to the presence of 3',5'-AMP
      dependent protein kinase in the mechanism of GAMT activation by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 179612
TI  - [The possible role of high molecular weight polyphosphates in chlortetracycline
      biosynthesis by Streptomyces aureofaciens].
AB  - The content of condensed inorganic polyphosphates in high productive and low
      productive Streptomyces aureofaciens strains has been determined. At all the
      stages of growing the quantity of these compounds in low productive strain is 8
      10-fold higher than in high productive strains. Maximum accumulation of condensed
      inorganic polyphosphates in both the strains Str. aureofaciens corresponds to the
      end of logarithmic phase of growth. In both strains the presence of two enzymes
      of polyphosphate biosynthesis -- ATP:polyphosphate-phosphotransferase and 1.3
      diphosphoglycerate:polyphosphate-phosphotransferase has been revealed as well as
      the presence of the enzymes of their utilisation -- polyphosphate:D-glucose-6
      phosphotransferase, polyphosphate-phosphohydrolase, tripolyphosphosphate
      phosphohydrolase and pyrophosphate-phosphohydrolase. The difference in the
      activity of 1.3 diphosphoglycerate: polyphosphate-phosphotransferase and
      polyphosphate-phosphohydrolase has been revealed in both strains studied. On the
      basis of the data obtained it is supposed that there is a possibility of using
      phosphorus and energy of high molecular inorganic polyphosphate in the
      biosynthesis of so called products of "secondary metabolism".

PMID- 179613
TI  - [Escherichia coli membrane-bound polyphosphatase].
AB  - A complex of polyphosphatase with E. coli membranes has been isolated and
      studied. It is shown by gel-filtration through G-200 Sephadex and centrifugation
      in sucrose concentration gradient that about 5% of polyphosphatase total content
      in cells is bound with the heterogenous fraction containing smooth membranes and
      the ribosome-membrane complex. On the basis of the data obtained it is suggested
      that the formation of a complex of polyphosphatase with membranes is a stage of
      synthesis and secretion of this enzyme to protoplasm.

PMID- 179614
TI  - [Changes in mitochondrial heterogenicity during aerobic growth of Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae yeasts].
AB  - Distribution of the activities of some mitochondrial enzymes after sucrose
      density gradient ultracentrifugation of cell homogenates of S. cerevisiae in the
      early and late exponential growth phases is studied. It is demonstrated that
      young yeast cells have a characteristic complex distribution of NADH oxidase
      (cyanide-sensitive), succinate:ferricyanide-oxidoreductase (or succinate:2,6
      dichlorophenol indophenol-oxidoreductase), NADH:2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
      oxidoreductase and cytochrome oxidase activities in sucrose density gradient; the
      distribution patterns of these activities are different. All the above activities
      are detected in a single relatively narrow band in mature yeast cells. Similar
      results are obtained in the experiments with glucose or galactose as a carbon
      source in the yeast growth media. The Arrhenius plots for NADH oxidase (as well
      as for succinate:2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol-oxidoreductase) activity do not
      differ in the case of "light" and "heavy" mitochondrial structures characteristic
      of yeast cells in the early exponential growth phase. Nevertheless, "light" and
      "heavy" mitochondrial structures differ with respect of the arrangement of
      certain respiratory chain components in their membranes NADH-dehydrogenase and
      cytochrome oxidase). This conclusion is drawn from the results obtained in the
      study of the interaction of the two types of structures with Fe(CN)6(3-), a non
      penetrating ion and the antiserum to yeast mitochondria.

PMID- 179615
TI  - [Interaction of adenosin-3',5'-cyclosulfate with adenosine-3'5'-cyclophosphate
      dependent protein kinase and phosphodiesterase].
AB  - Interaction of adenosine-3',5'-cyclosulphate (cAMS) cAMP analogue, having sulphur
      atom instead of phosphorus in a six-term cyclic system with pig brain
      proteinkinase and rabbit skeletal muscle phosphodiesterase is studied. The
      affinity of proteinkinase to cAMS was found to be in 25000 times lower than the
      affinity of cAMP, the affinity of cAMS to the active site of phosphodiesterase
      being high enough. It is suggested that in the regulatory subunit of
      proteinkinase positive kationic group participates in nucleotide binding by
      interacting with negative oxygen atom of six-term cyclophosphate system. There is
      no such a group in the active site of phospodiesterase, because the absence of
      negative charge in case of cAMS only slightly affects the constant of cAMS
      binding by phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 179616
TI  - [Potentiation of ACTH action by a fragment of it: a decrease in the rat adrenal
      ascorbic acid concentration in vivo].
AB  - The effect of tripeptide NH2CO-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2, the analogue of common fragments
      of some peptide hormones and kinins, on the content of ascorbic acid in rat
      adrenal glands in vivo is studied. It is shown that the peptide (5 divided by
      3000 mkg/100 g body weight) produces no effect on the content of ascorbic acid in
      adrenal glands, but its injection half an hour before the administration of
      native ACTH canses a significant increase in the ACTH activity. The peptide
      possesses the myotropic activity; it exerts sinergism and potentiation of the
      ACTH action on rat ascending colon.

PMID- 179617
TI  - [Use of snake venom immobilized phosphodiesterase for analysis of the nucleotide
      composition of oligodesoxyribonucleotides].
AB  - A simple one-step technique for the analysis of nucleotide composition of
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides is described. The method is based on enzymatic
      hydrolysis and subsequent separation of hydrolysate on a "combined" column with
      Aminex A 28 anionite, on which top immobilyzed on DEAE cellulose snake venom
      phosphodiesterase is layed. The method is tested using a number of synthetic di-
      and tri-deoxyribonucleotides.

PMID- 179618
TI  - [Free radicals in the flavin reduction reaction. Interaction of reduced
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with flavin in solution].
AB  - The study of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-reduced nicotinamide
      adeninedinucleotide (NADH) reaction was carried out both under aerobic and
      anaerobic conditions, using spectrophotometric and titrimetric methods. The
      consumption of NADH was shown to exceed two times the consumption of FMN in the
      anaerobic reaction and the rate constant in the aerobic reaction was found to be
      about 4 times of that of the anaerobic reaction. Moreover, the replacement of
      anaerobic conditions by aerobic ones at pH 5.0 resulted in a considerable
      increase of proton consumption rate in the reaction course. The data obtained are
      contradictory to the generally accepted hypothesis of hydrid-ion transfer in the
      reaction of NADH oxidation. It was assumed that this reaction proceeded through a
      homolytic pathway.

PMID- 179619
TI  - [Myeloperoxidase synthesis in white mouse leukocytes].
AB  - H3-leucine incorporation in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and into total soluble protein
      (TSP) from leucocytes of peritoneal exudate of mice was determined by
      immunological procedure. Maximal H3-leucine incorporation was observed within 48
      hours and 16 hours of exposition for MPO and TSP respectively. Half-life period
      of MPO was 2,6 days which is comparable with the duration of neutrophils
      maturation up to the stage of metamyelocyte. Apparently, no essential formation
      of MPO takes place at the level of band and segmented neutrophils.

PMID- 179620
TI  - [Isolation and properties of carboxycathepsin (peptidyl-dipeptidase) from bovine
      lung tissue].
AB  - 2200-fold purified homogenous preparation of carboxycathepsin (peptidyl
      dipeptidase) is isolated from bovine lung. The enzyme isolated converts
      angiotensine I into angiotensine II and distroys bradikinin. It is active in
      neutral medium, is activated by chloride ion and is inhibited by EDTA and Middle
      Asian snakes venom. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 180 000-190 000 as
      estimated by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, its isoelectric point
      is 4.48-4.53. The comparison of properties and specificity of carboxycathepsin
      from bovine lung and kidney draws to the conclusion that both enzymes are
      identical.

PMID- 179621
TI  - [Several mechanisms of the effect of corticosteroids and adrenocorticotropic
      hormone on the activity of key enzymes of the pentosephosphate pathway of
      carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver].

PMID- 179622
TI  - Factors influencing the lipolytic response of swine (Sus domesticus) adipose
      tissue: ontogeny.
AB  - Swine adipose tissue was not responsive to glucagon at any age and only
      marginally to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). The latter response could be greatly
      magnified and the sensitivity increased by addition of theophylline (Theo). The
      maximal lipolytic activity (MAX) obtained with ACTH plus Theo was minimal in the
      newborn, greatly increased in young animals, and reduced during the growing
      period; however, the sensitivity did not change. The MAX for Theo (plus low
      epinephrine) yielded a pattern similar to ACTH, but the sensitivity changed (most
      sensitive in younger animals). The MAX and sensitivity obtained with dibutyryl
      cyclic adenosine monophosphate were not appreciably changed during development.

PMID- 179623
TI  - Development of gluconeogenic enzymes in the newborn guinea pig.
AB  - The activities of key gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver of newborn guinea pigs
      delivered vaginally at term were monitored as a function of time following birth.
      The activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase did not
      show a significant increase over the first 72 h of life, neither did the activity
      of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The mitochondrial enzyme
      pyruvate carboxylase and the cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)
      both increased significantly in the first 24 h postpartum. Mitochondrial protein
      and succinate dehydrogenase activities showed only slight increases in the 72
      hour period. Rapid depletion of liver glycogen was evident in these animals
      following birth, but severe hypoglycaemia was not evident. Mitochondrial and
      cytosolic PEPCK showed similar kinetic behaviour with respect to their affinities
      for oxalacetate and divalent metal cation Mn++, though the mitochondrial enzyme
      would accept Mg++ as the divalent metal in place of Mn++. The role of the
      compartmented PEPCK activities is discussed.

PMID- 179624
TI  - Ontogenic development of the responsiveness in cAMP synthesis to LH and PGE1 and
      gonadotropin receptors in the rat ovary.
AB  - Incubation of ovaries derived from rats aged 9, 13, 16, and 20 days with LH
      resulted in a significant rise in cAMP synthesis. The ovaries from 2- and 5-day
      old rats were, however, unresponsive to stimulation by LH. By contrast,
      prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) evoked a sharp response in ovarian synthesis of cAMP even
      in 2-day-old rats. In order to determine why neonatal ovaries do not respond to
      LH, gonadotropic receptors have been studied. HCG binding sites were present in
      homogenates of untreated and gonadotropins primed rat ovaries. The specificity of
      this 125I-HCG binding was demonstrated by the competition of unlabeled HCG and LH
      for binding sites and failure of such binding to occur in specimens obtained from
      control tissues. FSH, ACTH and growth hormone were not able to compete
      significantly for 125I-HCG binding. The HCG receptor is present in ovaries during
      the whole postnatal period. The results suggest that the unresponsiveness of
      neonatal rat ovaries to LH is not caused by later maturation of gonadotropic
      receptors.

PMID- 179625
TI  - Recovery sleep following different visual conditions during total sleep
      deprivation in man.
AB  - The findings of visual impairment during total sleep deprivation were used as a
      basis for a possible link between vision and sleep. It was proposed that the
      level of visual load imposed during sleep deprivation was an important variable,
      and would have a substantial effect upon recovery sleep. Six young male subjects
      underwent two conditions of 64 h of sleep deprivation on separate occasions. One
      condition incorporated a high visual load, and the other a low load. Exercise and
      sound were balanced. All night sleep EEGs were taken for two baseline nights, and
      also for two recovery nights following each condition. There was a significant
      increase of stage 4 on all recovery nights and a REM rebound on the second
      recovery night. SWS, particularly stage 4, TST and REM density, were
      significantly greater following the high load. Implications of these findings for
      sleep theories and for sleep deprivation research are discussed.

PMID- 179626
TI  - Use of spin labels and electron spin resonance spectroscopy to characterize
      membranes of bovine sperm: effect of butylated hydroxytoluene and cold shock.

PMID- 179627
TI  - The functional development of mammalian mitochondria.

PMID- 179628
TI  - Estimation of parameters for a model of transmitter release at synapses.
AB  - We consider models for the release of transmitter in response to nerve impulses,
      where it is assumed that quanta of transmitter are released from some of n sites,
      the probability of release from any site being p. It is assumed that the quantal
      size is either a constant or is distributed as a normal or a gamma variate.
      Observations on both spontaneous potentials and evoked potentials are used to
      obtain moment estimated of n and p. Large sample estimates of the standard errors
      of these estimates are given.

PMID- 179629
TI  - Establishment and characterization of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBC)-negative
      lymphoblastoid B cell line (BJA-B) from an exceptional, EBV-genome-negative
      African Burkitt's lymphoma.
AB  - An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL), BJA-B, was
      established from an African Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) which contained no detectable
      EBV DNA and did not express the EBV specified antigen EBNA, BJA-B cells grow in
      typically large, flat clumps. All carry surface-bound immunoglobulins, a B
      lymphocyte marker, and do not form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. After
      infection of BJA-B cells by EBV the infected cells may produce either EBV
      determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) or both EBNA and early antigen (EA), depending
      on the strain of EBV. The homogeneity of the BJA-B cell population with respect
      to immunological and isoenzyme markers and size suggests a clonal origin of the
      line. BJA-B is the first EBV-negative LCL established from an African Burkitt's
      lymphoma and demonstrates that an EBV-independent continuous B cell line can be
      established "in vitro" from other than leukemia or myeloma cells.

PMID- 179630
TI  - Renal transplantation and viral infections. II. Results of follow-up studies.
AB  - 13 renal transplant recipeints were submitted to virological survey over a period
      of about 10 months following transplantation. They were compared to a group of
      individuals who underwent no transplantation : 7 patients on chronic hemodialysis
      and 10 healthy blood donors. The renal transplant recipients, showed rises in
      titer of antibodies against various viral antigens. Nevertheless, no other viral
      elimination but that of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus was detected in
      them. Renal trnasplant recipients show significantly more often rises in virus
      antibody titers than the other individuals, when time of survey is taken into
      account. Some of these rises appeared to be simultaneous. Their mechanism is
      under debate : analysis of special cases and observation of associated
      immunohematological abnormalities are strongly suggesting that in some
      situations, rises in titer of viral antibodies may occur without infection.

PMID- 179631
TI  - Alterations in membrane-associated particle distribution during antidiuretic
      challenge in frog urinary bladder epithelium.
AB  - Frog urinary bladder epithelium has been examined by freeze-fracture electron
      microscopy of preparations previously fixed by glutaraldehyde either at rest or
      during antidiuretic challenge. All the agonists tested were observed to induce
      membrane particle clustering in the A face of the apical plasma membrane of
      granular cells. This was the case for the natural hormone (hypophysical extracts)
      and its presumed cellular mediator, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. Particle
      clustering was observed both in the presence and in the absence of water net flow
      and is thus independent of these movements. Clusters were also observed during
      hydrosmotic challenge by hypertonic serosal media, a condition which depresses
      transepithelial sodium transport. No complementary patterns of these A face
      clusters could be found on the B face. The significance of these membrane
      associated particle clusters is discussed in terms of membrane structure and
      function.

PMID- 179632
TI  - Changes in the restriction of molecular rotational diffusion of water-soluble
      spin labels during fatty acid starvation of yeast.
AB  - Yeast mutants lacking fatty acid synthetase activity (fas-) die when deprived of
      saturated fatty acid under conditions which are otherwise growth-supporting. The
      spin label technique is used to show that restriction of molecular rotational
      diffusion of spin label molecules dissolved in aqueous zones increases several
      fold under conditions of fatty acid starvation while the apparent physical state
      of cellular hydrocarbon zones remains essentially unchanged. We focus attention
      on the cellular aqueous interior as the potential site of alteration under
      selective starvation conditions. Correspondences exist between restriction of
      molecular motion of water soluble spin labels dissolved in the cell and loss of
      cell viability. The correspondences to changes in the molecular motion of
      hydrocarbon soluble spin labels are much less or are not detectable.

PMID- 179633
TI  - Intermolecular interactions of oxygenated sickle hemoglobin molecules in cells
      and cell-free solutions.
AB  - We have measured the intermolecular interactions of oxygenated sickle hemoglobin
      molecules in cells and in cell-free solutions, and have compared the results with
      similar data for liganded normal adult hemoglobin. The experiments involve the
      measurement of the spin-lattice relaxation time T1 of protons of solvent water
      molecules, as a function of an externally applied static magnetic field. From
      such data, one can derive a correlation time tauc, for each sample, which is a
      measure of the time  taken for a hemoglobin molecule to randomize its orientation
      due to Brownian motion. Thus tauc is a measure of the freedom of rotational
      motion, on a molecular or microscopic level, of hemoglobin molecules.
      Intermolecular interactions will reduce this freedom of motion and lengthen tauc.
      We find that oxygenated sickle hemoglobin molecules have an additional
      intermolecular interaction not found for normal hemoglobin. This extra
      interaction is increased by the presence of either inorganic phosphate or
      diphosphoglycerate, and is greater for sickle hemoglobin within cells than in
      cell-free solutions. By comparing the present results with published data on the
      viscosity of oxygenated sickle and normal hemoglobin, we conclude that, at
      concentrations comparable to intracellular values, oxygenated sickle hemoglobin
      molecules form aggregates several tetramers in size. The possibility exists that
      these aggregates are the earliest stage of fiber formation itself, the physical
      basis of the sickling phenomena.

PMID- 179634
TI  - The production of foot-and-mouth disease virus from BHK 21 C 13 cells grown on
      the surface of glass spheres.
AB  - In view of the advantages which are associated with the use of the BHK monolayer
      cell for the production of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus, a unit system
      using glass spheres was developed to grow BHK monolayer cells and to test the
      susceptibility of such cells to FMD virus. The yield of cells and their
      susceptibility compares favorably with GREEN BHK monolayer cells which have been
      grown in Roux bottles.

PMID- 179635
TI  - The production of foot-and-mouth disease virus from BHK 21 C 13 cells grown on
      the surface of DEAE sephadex A50 beads.
AB  - Methods are described which make possible the production of foot-and-mouth
      disease (FMD) virus from BHK 21 C13 monolayer cells which have been grown on the
      surface of serum coated DEAE Sephadex A50 beads. The yield of cells and their
      susceptibility to infection by FMD virus are equivalent to conventional Roux
      monolayer systems. The potential for the commercial application of the DEAE
      Sephadex A50 system is discussed in relation to other unit process monolayer
      systems and in particular to the system in which cells are cultured in a deep bed
      of small glass spheres.

PMID- 179636
TI  - Large-scale production of virus.

PMID- 179637
TI  - An etiologic and nosologic overview of craniosynostosis syndromes.
AB  - In the past, a great deal of confusion in the nosology of craniosynostosis
      syndromes has been apparent. Such syndromes should never be classified on the
      basis of which sutures are synostosed nor on the presence or absence of mental
      retardation. In this paper, they are classified on the basis of overall clinical
      similarity and genetic considerations. The findings in each syndrome, the genetic
      aspects and the problems in differential diagnosis are discussed. Disorders
      presented include the Kleeblattschadel anomaly, Crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome,
      Pfeiffer syndrome, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, Carpenter syndrome, Christian
      syndrome, Summitt syndrome, Baller-Gerold syndrome, Lowry syndrome, Gorlin
      Chaudhry-Moss syndrome and three sporadic craniosynostosis syndromes. A
      discussion of spurious craniosynostosis syndrome entities is also presented.

PMID- 179639
TI  - [The biological role of estriol].
AB  - It was demonstrated on the uteri of women and guinea pigs that estriol (in vitro)
      possessed a marked affinity to the estradiol-binding system of human and guinea
      pig uteri; the activity of steroid-receptor interaction of estriol in vitro
      constituted 9.4% for guinea pigs and 17% for man in relation to the estradiol
      activity. Administration of estriol to guinea pigs in vivo in a dose of 0.25-0.5
      mg led to a sharp reduction of the estradiol-binding capacity of the receptor
      system of the uterus. It is supposed that there existed a competitive
      relationship between estradiol and estriol for binding with the active centres of
      the receptor proteins of the uterus.

PMID- 179638
TI  - [Half-life of rabbit heart mitochondria under normal conditions and in
      experimental allergic lesions of the heart].
AB  - Half-life of mitochondrial proteins and cytochrome C of rabbit myocardium was
      determined with glycine-I-C14 and H3-5-aminolevulinic acid, respectively, as
      precursors. Half-life of mitochondrial proteins calculated from the curve of the
      gradual radioactivity decline was 14.4 days, and that of cytochrome C--11.8 days;
      reutilization of glycine-C14 in plastic metabolism did not exceed 20%. No
      difference from control was noticed in rabbits with an experimental allergic
      heart damage.

PMID- 179640
TI  - [Participation of the fibers of the lingual nerve in the transmission of
      mechanosensitive information from the tongue and oral cavity of the cat].
AB  - The role of the lingual nerve fibers in the transmission of mechanosensory
      information from the receptors of the tongue and oral cavity of a cat was
      studied. A chart of the afferent innervation of both mechanosensory surfaces of
      the tongue (dorsal and ventral surfaces) with fibers of the anterior medial and
      posterior branches of the lingual nerve was drawn up on the basis of the
      experimental material. Different ratios of the mechanoreceptor reactions were
      described.

PMID- 179641
TI  - [Plasma kinin system components of rabbits in acute inflammation].
AB  - During the peak of the acute aseptic inflammation of the subcutaneous connective
      tissue (on the 3rd-5th day) there occurred an activation of the plasma kinin
      system in the general circulation which expressed itself in an 1.5-2-fold
      increase in the activity of kallikreine, a 1.5-3-fold fall in the activity of
      kininase and in reduction by 25-26% of kininogen content. Thus, conditions were
      provided for the intesified formation and accumulation of free kinins
      participating in the second phase of permeability disorders of the vessels during
      the inflammation.

PMID- 179643
TI  - [Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate stimulation of chloramphenicol
      acetyltransferase synthesis in bacterial cellular systems].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of cyclic cyclic 3',5'-adenosinmonophosphate (c
      AMP) on the production of chloramphenicol-acetyltranspherase (CAT) enzyme by
      whole bacterial cells in the strains of E. coli CSH-2/R222 and WZ-78/R222
      (cya855). It was shown that CAT synthesis in the E. coli WZ-78/R222 strain was
      two times less in comparison with the E. coli CSH-2/R222 strain. C-AMP only
      insignificantly increased the production of CAT by the E. coli CSH-2/R222 strain,
      but considerably influenced the production of this enzyme by the WZ-78/R222
      strain.

PMID- 179642
TI  - [Enzymatic activity in the osteoblasts of rabbits following combined trauma].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on young rabbits by the histochemical methods; the
      activity of NAD-, NADP-diaphorases, cytochromoxidase and alkaline phosphatase was
      studied in the osteoblasts 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after combined radiation
      trauma. It appeared that a bone fracture led to an increase in the level of
      metabolic and energic processes in the osteoblasts as soon as in 12 hours.
      Irradiation of the animals depressed the activation (caused by the fracture) of
      all the enzymes investigated.

PMID- 179644
TI  - [Effect of morphine in vitro on the oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver
      mitochondria].
AB  - The rates of respiration in the presence of ADP and of phosphorylation as an ATP
      ase activity of rat liver mitochondria was inhibited was in vitro by morphine
      with Ki=6.5 mM. The uncoupler-stimulated respiration of the mitochondria and the
      activity of ATP-ase and synthesis of ATP in the submitochondrial particles were
      not altered in the presence of morphine. It is suggested that morphine inhibited
      the adenine nucleotide transport through the mitochondrial membrane

PMID- 179645
TI  - [Ubiquinone content in albino rat kidney mitochondria following unilateral
      nephrectomy].
AB  - Following unilateral nephrectomy (in 72 hours) the weight of the remaining kidney
      increased by 23%, and the activity of succinic dehydrogenase--by 43.2%. The
      concentration of oubichinon in the hypertrophied kidney and its mitochondria
      showed no significant change for 3 days after the nephrectomy.

PMID- 179646
TI  - [Morphological and biochemical study of the organs of immunogenesis during the
      growth of established glioblastoma multiforme in albino rat brain].
AB  - Morphological changes in the lympho-reticular organs (the thymus, lymph nodes,
      spleen) were studied and the content of the RNA was determined by the biochemical
      method in 92 rats during the growth of the glioblastoma multiforme (strain
      101/12) in the brain. The reaction of the organs of immunogenesis depended on the
      stage of the disease. On the 6th day after the transplantation of the tumour the
      increased activity of the epithelial-reticular portion of the thymus, hyperplasia
      of the follicles in the lymph nodes, and increased produciton of the RNA was
      observed. As to the tumour-bearing animals the destruction of the lymphoid
      elements and decreased synthesis of the RNA was noted. A giradual cell depletion
      of the spleen was revealed morphologically.

PMID- 179647
TI  - [The diuretic action of morphine in rats].

PMID- 179648
TI  - [Effect of qualitatively different carbohydrates on the lipoprotein spectrum and
      lipid composition of the blood in experimental animals].
AB  - Experiments on rats demonstrated that a high-carbohydrate diet with starch
      produced no changes in the lipoprotein composition and lipid concentration in the
      blood. Diets containing sucrose promoted an increase in triglycerides and of the
      pre-beta-lipoproteins. However, the effect of sucrose depended on the qualitative
      correlation of the carbohydrate and lipid components of the diet. A reduction of
      lipoproteins of low density and of the total cholesterol/phospholipid ratio on
      account of an increase of the latter in the blood was seen in rats given sucrose
      in the composition of the high-carbohydrate diet with a decreased amount of the
      saturated fat. Inclusion of sucrose into the diet with a physiological
      carbohydrate and lipid level (56 and 26% of total amount of calories,
      respectively) was accompanied by elevation of beta-lipoprotein level and an
      increase in the total cholesterol/phospholipid ratio.

PMID- 179650
TI  - A cholinoceptor antiserum: its pharmacological properties.
AB  - 1 Sera of rabbits immunized against a nocotinic receptor-rich fraction, obtained
      from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata, were tested for their
      pharmacological activity on different in vitro preparations. 2 Sera containing
      antibodies against the nicotinic receptor blocked neuromuscular transmission in
      the phrenic-nerve hemidiaphragm preparation without affecting the muscle
      responses evoked by direct electrical stimulation. Complement inactivated sera
      were still active. Immune sera, incubated for 15 min with a receptor-rich
      fraction, lost their activity. 3 The immune sera antagonized the responses
      elicited by acetylcholine on the frog rectus abdominis. 4 The immune sera tested
      in vitro decreased the compound action potential evoked in the superior cervical
      ganglion of the rat by electrical stimulation of the preganglionic nerve. 5 The
      sera did not show any activity on muscarinic receptors of the guinea-pig ileum
      preparation. 6 It is concluded that in sera obtained from immunized rabbits a
      substance is present with curare-like action, and that this activity is probably
      due to the presence of antibodies against the nicotinic receptor.

PMID- 179651
TI  - The reasons people give for taking overdoses.
AB  - This study investigates the reasons people give for taking overdoses of drugs. A
      representative sample of 128 subjects were interviewed immediately after their
      recovery from an overdose. During the interview they were given alternative
      reasons for taking overdoses and asked to choose any that applied to them.
      Spontaneous comments about suicidal intent were also recorded. Of the subjects,
      44% indicated that they had wanted to die. On the basis of their choices 33% were
      'seeking help', 42% 'escaping from the situation', 52% 'obtaining relief from a
      terrible state of mind' and 19% 'trying to influence someone'. The association
      between these various reasons and other expected effects or feelings associated
      with the act were examined by means of multidimensional scaling analysis. In
      addition, the characteristics of those expressing suicidal intent and other
      reasons were studied, together with such consequences as toxic effects and
      psychiatric after-care. The possibility is discussed that a large proportion of
      those indicating suicidal intent do so either to gain social acceptability for
      their act or to influence helping agencies.

PMID- 179652
TI  - Rectilinear scanning in the detection of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Myocardial scintigraphy with phosphate bone scanning agents is a new and very
      useful development in the detection of acute myocardial infarction. Initial
      experience using a rectilinear scanner is described in 50 consecutive patients
      admitted to hospital because of suspected myocardial infarction. The routine dose
      was 15 mCi/5 mg, 99Tcm stannous pyrophosphate intravenously with anterior, left
      anterior oblique, and lateral scans obtained 45-90 minutes after injection. There
      was only one false negative scan in 17 patients with proven acute myocardial
      infarction and that was 16 days after onset. There was no proven false positive
      investigation in seven patients in which fresh myocardial infarction could be
      definitely excluded, or in a further 11 cases in which it could be excluded with
      reasonable confidence. Myocardial scintigraphy was considered helpful in
      resolving the diagnostic problem in 27 out of 29 equivocal cases. It is concluded
      that myocardial scintigraphy with a rectilinear scanner is a highly accurate and
      safe procedure in the detection of acute myocardial infarction. The optimum
      scanning time is two to six days after onset of suspected infarction, when a
      diagnostic accuracy approaching 100 per cent can be expected.

PMID- 179649
TI  - [Role of bioenergetic changes in the mechanism of action of nonsteroid anti
      inflammatory agents].
AB  - In experiments on rats the antiphlogistic action of sodium mephenaminate and
      salicylate was found to be more pronounced under conditions of ovalbumin than
      that of dextran inflammation. The antiphlogistic effect of sodium salicylate was
      greater than that of mephenaminate in ovalbumin inflammation; this correlated
      with a more marked drop in the content of lactic acid in the blood and with a
      more complete elimination of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in the
      hepatic mitochondria than in case of mephenaminate injection. It is supposed that
      lowering the macroerg level by the principle of feed back action leads to
      intensification of phosphorylation; this provides elimination of inflammatory
      disturbances and can explain the antiphlogistic effect of the drugs.

PMID- 179653
TI  - Granular cell myoblastoma of the bronchus.

PMID- 179654
TI  - Technetium-99m labelled imidodiphosphate: an improved bone-scanning
      radiopharmaceutical.
AB  - Technetium-99m labelled imidodiphosphate was prepared in the presence of stannous
      ions. It was evaluated as a bone-scanning agent in animals and patients.
      Comparative tissue distribution studies in mice showed a relatively higher uptake
      of radioactivity in bone when 99Tcm -labelled pyrophosphate and diphosphonate.
      Accumulation of radioactivity in soft tissues, especially kidneys, was less with
      this radiopharmaceutical. Results in patients were most satisfactory in
      delineating skeletal bone and identifying bone lesions with relatively small
      tracer doses of the radiopharmaceutical.

PMID- 179656
TI  - Letter: Neuropathy or myelopathy?

PMID- 179655
TI  - Proceedings: Electron spin resonance as a technique for monitoring activity and
      response to therapy in malignant diseases.

PMID- 179658
TI  - Effect of virus infections on polymorph function in children.

PMID- 179657
TI  - Nitrazepam: lastingly effective but trouble on withdrawal.
AB  - The sleep of 10 volunteers with an average age of 57 years was recorded
      electrophysiologically before, during, and after nitrazepam 5 mg nightly for 10
      weeks. Sleep was longer and less broken on the drug and no tolerance was obvious
      after two months' use. Withdrawal of the drug, however, caused sleep to be
      temporarily worse than before the drug had been taken. Slow-wave sleep was
      reduced by nitrazepam, but the accompanying secretion of growth hormone was not
      impaired.

PMID- 179659
TI  - Attitudes and advice after myocardial infarction.
AB  - While medical opinion increasingly favours an active approach to rehabilitation
      after myocardial infarction, interviews with 40 patients and their relatives
      showed a low degree of understanding of medical advice and information. There was
      general satisfaction with treatment, but communication was seen as often being
      inadequate, vague, and conflicting.

PMID- 179660
TI  - Editorial: Hormone receptors and breast cancer.

PMID- 179662
TI  - Effects of respiratory gases on cytochrome A in intact cerebral cortex: is there
      a critical Po2?
AB  - Changes in the redox level of cytochrome a and in the amount of oxygenated
      hemoglobin were measured by dual wavelength reflectance spectrophotometry in the
      intact cerebral cortex of cats (cerveau isole preparation) and in unanesthetized
      rabbits with chronically implanted cranial windows. Increases in inspired oxygen
      were accompanied by an increase in the oxidation level of cytochrome a and an
      increase in the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin in the optical field. These
      changes were larger in the presence of 5% CO2. Reduction of the inspired oxygen
      concentration produced a decrease in the oxidation/reduction ratio of cytochrome
      a and a disoxygenation of hemoglobin. The presence of CO2 at these lower oxygen
      levels diminished the reduction of cytochrome a and the disoxygenation of
      hemoglobin. These data indicate that, in the resting subject, the reduction
      levels of cytochrome a are well above the low values seen in isolated
      mitochondria. They also indicate that the blood supply to the cerebral cortex is
      regulated at a level of slight hypoxia.

PMID- 179663
TI  - [Y-maze learning in two strains of mice. Effects of instrumental and
      pharmacologic sleep deprivation].
AB  - Effects of instrumental and pharmacological deprivation of sleep on Y-maze
      learning have been studied in two inbred strains of mice (C57BR/cd/Orl and
      C57BL/6/Orl), having identical sleep rhythms, but mainly differing in their
      ability to learn. Administration of alpha-methyl-DOPA (100 mg/kg) provokes
      complete suppression of paradoxical sleep (PS) for 9-11 h. Injection immediately
      after each training session over the first 5 days caused a delay in acquisition
      of an active avoidance task in C57BR mice. Treated C57BL/6 mice exhibited a
      significant facilitation of acquisition. Similar results were obtained by
      instrumental deprivation of sleep for 10 h.

PMID- 179664
TI  - The effect of axotomy on root potentials in the frog spinal cord.

PMID- 179661
TI  - Metabolic regulations of the rhythmic activity in pacemaker neurons. II.
      Metabolically induced conversions of beating to bursting pacemaker activity in
      isolated Aplysia neurons.
AB  - In pacemaker neurons of the sea hare Aplysia californica, isolated from their
      synaptic, ephaptic and humoral inputs, conversion of the regular beating to a
      bursting discharge pattern can be induced by certain cell metabolites.
      Administration of the phosphofructokinase (PFK) activator fructose-6-phosphate (F
      6-P), or its nonmetabolizable analogue 1-deoxy-F-6-P, induced bursting discharges
      in R3, R5, R6 and R11 neurons, with spike doublets and triplets appearing
      transiently in the time pattern. With another PFK activitor, adenosine-5
      monophosphate, only double spikes have been noted in R7, R8 and R14 neurons.
      Burst activity was induced also in the presence of the fructose-1,6-diphosphatase
      activators, citrate and 3-phosphoglycerate, in R9, R10 and R12 neurons. Cyclic
      3',5'-AMP, which also activates the PFK (beside other effects on cellular
      metabolism), induced bursting discharges in all R3-R14 neurons. In contrast, the
      inhibitors of the PFK, citrate and ATP, decreased the spike activity of the
      bursting L3 and L6 neurons, even changing L3 neurons to the regular beating type.
      Among a variety of cell metabolites tested only pyruvate was able to induce a
      burst-like tendency in R9 neurons. The characteristic bursting patterns which
      appeared in the presence of the described metabolic effectors could not be
      duplicated by low Ca2+ and/or high K+ media nor by artificial shifts in membrane
      potential triggered by depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents.

PMID- 179665
TI  - Frequency facilitation and post-tetanic potentiation of a unitary synaptic
      potential in Aplysia californica are limited by different processes.
AB  - Post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) of the monosynaptic and unitary excitatory
      postsynaptic potential (EPSP) recorded in cell R15 of the abdominal ganglion of
      Aplysia californica was observed after repetitive stimulation of the right
      visceropleural connective. PTP at this synapse developed after a few pulses
      (about 20) and after trains of low frequency stimulation (1/2 sec) under normal
      physiological conditions of media and temperature. No phase of post-tetanic
      depression was observed. Evidence is presented that the PTP is due to an increase
      in transmitter release. The amplitude of the PTP was a function of the frequency
      and number of stimuli in the preceding train. The PTP was observed to decay, with
      a single exponential time course, to the size of an isolated EPSP. The rate
      constant of PTP decay depended upon both the frequency and number of stimuli in
      the preceding train. The magnitude of the various types of synaptic plasticities
      seen at this junction, i.e., synaptic depression, frequency facilitation and PTP,
      correlated with the size of an isolated EPSP as well as with each other. Based on
      the analysis of the data in terms of a flow model of transmitter release, it is
      concluded that: (a) during a train of repetitive stimulation the net rate of
      transmitter supply into the immediately available pool (net transmitter
      mobilization) increases, the efficiency of the release mechanism (fractional
      release) increases, and the pool of immediately available transmitter depletes;
      (b) upon the cessation of the train, as the peak amplitude of PTP is approached,
      the increased but diminishing rate of net transmitter mobilization refills the
      available pool to its equilibrium size, while the fractional release is still
      elevated; (c) during the PTP period after the peak potentiation, the elevated
      fractional release slowly decays with a single exponential time course; (d) the
      size of the facilitated EPSPs during the train is limited by the net rate of
      transmitter supply, although the efficiency of release is also increased; while
      the size of the EPSPs during the falling phase of the PTP period is determined
      solely by an increased efficiency of the release mechanism; and (e) the rising
      phase of the PTP observed in the period shortly after termination of the train is
      produced by the refilling of the depleted pool of available transmitter in the
      presence of an elevated release efficiency.

PMID- 179666
TI  - Concomitant changes in cyclic AMP level and postsynaptic potentials of olfactory
      cortex slices induced by adenosine derivatives.

PMID- 179667
TI  - Dopamine, serotonin and related compounds: presynaptic effects on synaptic
      depression, frequency facilitation, and post-tetanic potentiation at a synapse in
      Aplysia californica.
AB  - Dopamine, serotonin and related compounds (referred to collectively as biogenic
      amines) were found to modify transmission at the presumably cholinergic synapse
      made by an axon in the right visceropleural connective onto cell R15 of the
      abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. (1) With chronic application, dopamine
      hyperpolarizes R15, and serotonin depolarizes R15. Both actions upon the membrane
      potential desensitize in 10 min. All the actions described below were studied
      with chronic perfusion of the biogenic amines after desensitization of this
      postsynaptic action. (2) The biogenic amines drastically reduce the size of the
      EPSP evoked at the synapse under investigation; but they do not alter the ACh
      potential evoked in the soma of R15. (3) The biogenic amines reduce the amplitude
      of synaptic depression. The relationship between the effects of the amines on the
      size of an isolated EPSP and on synaptic depression differed from this
      relationship as affected by post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) or by changes in the
      Ca2+-Mg2+ balance. (4) The biogenic amines increase frequency facilitation, when
      the latter is defined as the ratio of the facilitated to the isolated EPSP.
      However, the absolute magnitude of the facilitated EPSP is always reduced at long
      times after introduction of the agent; shortly after introduction of the biogenic
      amines the absolute magnitude of the facilitated EPSP is unaffected in most
      preparations.

PMID- 179668
TI  - Heterosynaptic inhibition modifies the presynaptic plasticities of the
      transmission process at the synapse in Aplysia californica.
AB  - The monosynaptic and unitary excitatory postsynpatic potential (EPSP) observed in
      cell R15 of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica upon minimal
      stimulation of the right visceropleural connective exhibits several presynaptic
      plasticities (synaptic depression, frequency facilitation, post-tetanic
      potentiation). We studiied effects of branchial nerve stimulation (heterosynaptic
      stimulation) on these plasticities of the homosynaptic (right connective) path. A
      burst of heterosynaptic stimulation (20 pulses at 4/sec) decreased the amplitude
      of an isolated homosynaptic EPSP. The rate of recovery from heterosynaptic
      inhibition (HSI) was a function of the rate of stimulation of the homosynaptic
      path so that at a stimulus frequency of 1 pulse/sec to the right connective (RC)
      the HSI lasted less than 20 sec while at a RC stimulus frequency of 1/10 sec the
      HSI persisted for more than 60 sec. While the frequency facilitated EPSP (during
      homosynaptic stimulation at 1/sec) was only transiently affected by
      heterosynaptic stimulation the effect on the subsequent post-tetanic potentiation
      was much more pronounced and longer lasting (more than 30 min). This suggests a
      specific effect of HSI on the rate constant of decay of elevated fractional
      release, as observed upon bath applications of biogenic amines. Heterosynaptic
      stimulation also reduces synaptic depression but the reduction in the depression
      is more than would be caused by comparable reduction of the first EPSP of a pair
      of high Mg2+, low Ca2+ or the addition of carbachol to the perfusion medium. The
      duration of the effect on synaptic depression was the same as the effect on
      EPSP1.

PMID- 179669
TI  - Lipid composition of experimental astrocytomas originating from transformed rat
      and hamster astrocyte cultures.

PMID- 179670
TI  - [Biological and medical significance of Herpetic viruses. I. Characterization of
      Herpetic viruses and of diseases caused by them].

PMID- 179671
TI  - [Problems of acupuncture utilization in current medicine].

PMID- 179673
TI  - [Various current aspects of the lipolytic activity of human adipose tissue].

PMID- 179672
TI  - Failure of procaine penicillin and zinc bacitracin to modify the response of the
      fowl to stressors.
AB  - 1. The effect of either procaine penicillin or zinc bacitracin (25 mg active
      base/kg food) on the response of young birds to three different stressors -
      withdrawal of food for 18 h, exposure to cold for 24 h or treatment with ACTH-
      has been examined. 2. Neither antibiotic had any consistent effect on the stress
      responses. 3. It is concluded that neither penicillin nor bacitracin has any
      stress-ameliorating activity at least under the conditions of the test.

PMID- 179674
TI  - [Subcellular distribution of the protein kinase activity in the normal and
      neoplastic thyroid tissue of the rat].
AB  - Thyroid tissue has been fractionnated by centrifugation (105 000 q) of its
      homogenate. Protein-kinase activity in presence of histone is distributed in
      nuclei (11.5%) mitochondira (22.8%), microsomes (9.8%) and soluble fraction
      (56%); it is activated by cyclic AMP and GMP, mostly in soluble and nuclear
      fractions. Protein-kinase activity of total homogenate of neoplasic thyroid
      (strain 1-5G Wollman) in presence of histone is 3 times higher than in normal
      tissue and more activated by cAMP. In absence of histone, protein-kinase activity
      is the more important in mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of normal thyroid
      and in soluble and nuclear fraction of neoplastic tissue.

PMID- 179675
TI  - [Presence of various protein kinases and of partially copurified endogenous
      substrates in the soluble fraction of an experimental tumor of the rat thyroid
      gland].
AB  - Various fractions containing protein-kinases have been partly purified from
      supernatant (105 000 g) of an experimental rat's thyroid cancer (1-8 Wollman).
      These fractions are activated at different levels by cyclic nucleotides and
      present an unequal affinity for protamine; they phosphorylate an endogenous
      substrate apparently copurified with the enzyme fractions and adorbed with them
      on calcium phosphate gel.

PMID- 179676
TI  - [Effects of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol on sleep of the mouse].
AB  - The oral administration of 0.25-2.0 g/kg of chloramphenicol at 9h selectively
      suppresses paradoxical sleep in mice for a duration of 2-4 hours. A dose of 1
      g/kg given at 17h suppresses paradoxical sleep for 7 hours. Slow wave sleep
      decreased for 2 hours after administration. Thiamphenicol (1 g/kg) has no effect
      under the same conditions.

PMID- 179677
TI  - [Secretions of GH, FSH and LH during sleep of the normal child and the child with
      retarded growth].
AB  - In normal children the major GH release begins during NREM sleep of first cycle.
      At puberty secretion of gonadotropins is enhanced and secretion of LH occurs with
      the same periodicity as the sleep cycles. Two groups of dwarfish are seen: the
      first lacks both GH secretion during sleep and the increase of gonadotropins at
      puberty. The second group exhibits GH, LH and FSH secretion patterns similar to
      normal children. Study of secretion patterns of GH, FSH and LH during sleep in
      children can document the degree of maturation of the hypothalamic pituitary
      hormonal system.

PMID- 179678
TI  - Stimulation of calcium accumulation in cardiac sarcolemma by protein kinase.
AB  - Sarcolemmal membranes isolated from guinea pig heart ventricles contained an ATP
      dependent calcium-sequestering activity. Sarcolemmal calcium accumulation but not
      binding was enhanced by preincubation of membranes with exogenous protein kinase,
      with cyclic AMP, or with isoproterenol. Protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) increased
      the V of Ca2+ accumulation by sarcolemma without any significant effect on the
      affinity for Ca2+. The endogenous protein kinase activity present in isolated
      sarcolemma affected membrane phosphorylation. Cyclic AMP increased the endogenous
      kinase activity modestly, whereas histone increased it significantly. Exogenous
      protein kinase also catalyzed phosphorylation of these membranes. Endogenous and
      exogenous kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of sarcolemma was hydroxylamine
      insensitive. Ca2+-dependent ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) (extra ATPase) activity of
      sarcolemma was also increased by protein kinase.

PMID- 179679
TI  - The interaction of ligands with chemically modified phosphorylase b.
AB  - Phosphorylase b which had been inactivated with 5-diazo1H-tetrazole was
      specifically labelled with 4-iodoacetamidosalicylic acid (a fluorescent probe) or
      with N-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)iodoacetamide (a spin label
      probe) so that the binding of ligands and accompanying conformational changes
      could be determined by fluorescence or electron spin resonance changes,
      respectively. The allosteric effector, AMP, causes conformational changes similar
      to those caused in the native enzyme. The affinity of binding of phosphate or AMP
      to the inhibited protein is the same as for the unmodified protein. The
      heterotropic interactions between glucose-1-phosphate or glycogen and AMP are
      much less in the inactivated enzyme than in unmodified phosphorylase. Using a
      light scattering assay, it is shown that the modified enzyme binds to glycogen
      less strongly than the native protein. Phosphorylase b which had been inactivated
      by carbodimide in the presence of glycine ethyl ester, resulting in the
      modification of one or more carboxyl groups, was labelled with the spin label
      probe described above. The modified enzyme has an affinity for AMP similar to
      that of the native enzyme. AMP binding to the modified enzyme is tightened by
      glycogen, weakened by glucose-6-phosphate and is unaffected by glucose-1
      phosphate. The actions of 5-diazo-1H-tetrazole and carbodimide on phosphorylase
      are discussed in the light  of the above observation.

PMID- 179681
TI  - Inhibition by saccharin of glucose-6-phosphatase: effects of alloxan in vivo and
      deoxycholate in vitro.
AB  - Inhibition by saccharin of rat liver glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) generally
      decreased as the pH increased in the range pH 4-8. This pattern was exhibited by
      homogenates from control and alloxan-treated animals assayed each in the absence
      and presence of 0.2% (w/v) deoxycholate. Saccharin inhibited in competitive
      fashion with respect to glucose-6-phosphate (glucose-6-P). There was a small
      increase in Km (glucose-6-P) but not K1 (saccharin) values in alloxan-treated
      rats when assays were conducted in the absence of deoxycholate. In the presence
      of this detergent there was no significant difference in these kinetic parameters
      between the alloxan-treated and control groups. Deoxycholate decreased Km
      (glucose-6-P) and increased K1 (saccharin) values. Calculations using these
      kinetic parameters indicate that, under usual hepatic glucose-6-P concentrations
      and relatively high levels of saccharin in liver, the inhibition by saccharin of
      glucose-6-phosphatase is unlikely to be of major significance in vivo.

PMID- 179680
TI  - Synthesis of biologically active spin-labelled radioactive cytidine
      diphosphodiglyceride, a novel probe for biological membranes.
AB  - A versatile synthesis of spin-labelled radioactive cytidine diphospho-sn-1,2
      diacylglycerol (CDP-diglyceride) has been developed based on the combination of
      the enzymatic acylation of radioactive sn-glycero-3-phosphate with 12-doxyl
      stearic acid and the chemical conversion of the thus obtained spin-labelled
      radioactive phosphatidic acid with cytidine monophosphomorpholi-date into spin
      labelled radioactive CDP-diglyceride. The method for the isolation and
      purification of the latter compound was described. This obtained CDP-[2
      3H]diglyceride contained 10% of fatty acids of paramagnetic nature, presumably
      present as a covalently bound 12-doxyl stearic acid esters. The biological
      activity was tested by using the synthesized compound as a substrate in the
      mitochondrial biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol. It was found that spin
      labelled CDP-[2-3H]diglyceride prepared as described can be converted in the
      presence of sn-[2-14C]-glycero-3-phosphate into a spin-labelled [2-3H, 2'
      14C]phosphatidylglycerol with isolated rat liver mitochondria, establishing
      therefore that the site of its utilization is identical with the site of
      phosphatidylglycerol synthesis in isolated mitochondria, i.e. inner mitochondrial
      membrane. Results described demonstrate that the synthesized spin-labelled CDP
      diglyceride can be used as a specific probe for the spin- and radioactive
      covalent labelling of polyglycerophosphatides of mitochondrial membranes. Some
      implications and further possibilities in the study of biological membranes using
      the spin-labelled radioactive CDP-diglyceride are discussed.

PMID- 179682
TI  - Prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP in the coronary vasodilatation due to cardiac
      hyperactivity.
AB  - In the isolated perfused rat heart, the dose-related cardiostimulation produced
      by norepinephrine (NE) or calcium chloride (Ca2+) was followed by a corresponding
      increase in coronary flow (CF) and in the cardiac level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      phosphate (cAMP). Prolonged prostaglandin E2 (pge2) infusion did not change the
      basic force of contraction, CF, or cAMP level but when NE or Ca2+ were
      administered, only the responses of the CF and the cAMP were diminished. A
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor, diazoxide (Dx), caused insignificant increase in the
      basal cAMP, without affecting the force of contraction or CF. With NE or Ca2+,
      during Dx both the changes in CF and cAMP were augmented compared to the
      nontreated hearts. The inhibitory effects of NE or Ca2+ remained unchanged.
      Propranolol abolished the NE but not the Ca2+ effects. It is suggested that PGE2
      modulates the cardiac cAMP level and that the latter plays an important role in
      the adaptive regulation of the CF. It is also postulated that changes in cAMP
      levels may be brought about by the hyperactivity per se produced by a variety of
      cardiostimulating agents.

PMID- 179683
TI  - Loss of ACTH biological activity in plasma during extraction with a commercial
      radioimmunoassay kit.
AB  - The process used for extracting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from plasma in
      the Searle ACTH immunoassay kit involves a loss of 70-100% of the biological
      activity of the ACTH.

PMID- 179684
TI  - Is cyclic guanosine monophosphate the internal 'second messenger' for cholinergic
      actions on central neurons?
AB  - The most consistent effects produced by intracellular injections of guanosine
      3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) (but not 5'-guanosine 5'-monophosphate in
      spinal motoneurons of cats are a rise in membrane conductance, acceleration in
      time course of spike potentials, and accentuation of the post-spike
      hyperpolarization. Associated changes in resting potential are smaller, less
      constant, and more often in the depolarizing than hyperpolarizing direction, cGMP
      tends to increase electrical excitability but reduces excitatory post-synaptic
      potential amplitudes. Most of the effects of intracellular cGMP are quite
      different from, or indeed opposite to, those of either extra- or intracellular
      applications of acetylcholine and therefore not consistent with the proposal that
      cGMP is the internal mediator of muscarinic actions.

PMID- 179685
TI  - Temperate phages of Clostridium perfringens type C1.
AB  - Four phages isolated from carrier strains of Clostridium perfringens type C
      belong to two classes. The three phages of class I, c1, c3, and c4, and
      homoimmune and serologically closely related. The phage of class II, c5, is
      heteroimmune to the class I phages and not related to them serologically.
      Transduction experiments with several of the phages were negative. Mutants of the
      indicator strain with surface alterations occurred spontaneously in stock
      cultures. Electron micrographs show the phages of each class to be distinct yet
      similar, having polyhedral heads of about the same diameter 55 nm, and long,
      flexible tails without sheaths or collars. Phages c4 and c5 were characterized
      for their lysogenic properties. Phage c4 was inducible with mitomycin C. Both c4
      and c5 were temperate viruses by the test of stability of their respective
      lysogens to phage-specific antisera.

PMID- 179686
TI  - Enumeration of sublethally heated staphylococci in some dried foods.
AB  - The effect of 45 substances to restore the salt tolerance of sublethally heat
      injured Staphylococcus aureus was tested. Sodium pyruvate, yeast extract, L
      histine, casitone (Difco), adenosine triphosphate, and acetylphosphate were
      effective. For enumeration a repair medium was first used, containing sodium
      pyruvate and penicillin in 1% skim milk. This step was followed by counting on
      Baird-Parker agar with penicillinase. This method was selective; fewer than 100
      staphylococci/g food could be enumerated and it gave counts about 8 times higher
      than the method of Giolitti and Cantoni used as a five-tube most probable number
      technique. Heat injury sensitized S. aureus to polymyxin.

PMID- 179687
TI  - Further studies on the relative antiviral efficacies of interferons induced by
      poly I:C and Mengo virus.
AB  - Mouse serum interferons induced by polyI:C, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV),
      reovirus, and Mengo virus were assayed in monolayers of mouse L-929 cells by the
      plaque-reduction method using both VSV and Mengo as challenge viruses. Titers
      obtained with Mengo virus as challenge were all lower than with VSV. With the
      interferons induced by VSV, reovirus, and ployI:C, the reductions were of the
      order of two- to three-fold. With Mengo virus-induced interferon the reduction
      was much greater (about 17-fold). This offers an explanation for the observation
      that, unit for unit (measured by the plaque reduction of VSV), Mengo virus
      induced interferon is only about 1/10 as effective as polyI:C-induced interferon
      in protecting mice against lethal infection with Mengo virus. The data are
      consistent with the hypothesis that an interferon antagonist is produced in the
      serum of mice infected with Mengo virus. This antagonist, which is not produced
      in mice inoculated with polyI:C, or reovirus, effectively blocks the antiviral
      action of interferon during Mengo virus infections, both in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 179688
TI  - Mannitol production in fungi during glucose catabolism.
AB  - The levels of phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) and mannitol-1-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17) have been determined in a number of Mucor and
      Penicillium species. Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase was found in only one
      species of mucor, Mucor rouxii, and this with a specific activity much lower than
      that found in Penicillium species. All of the fungi tested in the Ascomycetes
      class exhibited mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Interference from
      both mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase (EC 1.6.99.5) caused
      some difficulty initially in detecting phosphofructokinase in Penicillium
      species; the Penicillium phosphofructokinase is very unstable. Penicillium
      notatum accumulates mannitol intracellularly; detection of mannitol-1-phosphate
      dehydrogenase and mannitol-1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.22) activity in cell-free
      extracts indicates that the mannitol is formed from glucose via fructose-6
      phosphate and mannitol-1-phosphate; no direct reduction of fructose to mannitol
      could be detected. The mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase was specific for
      mannitol-1-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate; NADP+(H) could not replace
      NAD+(H). The phosphatase (EC3.1.3.22) exhibited a distinct preference for
      mannitol-1-phosphate as substrate; all other substrates tested exhibited less
      than 25% of the activity observed with mannitol-1-phosphate.

PMID- 179689
TI  - Investigation of the "pancreas patient".

PMID- 179690
TI  - Wilms' tumour: adjuvant treatment with actinomycin D and vincristine.
AB  - In an unselected series of 49 children with Wilms' tumour treated in 1969-74 the
      5-year relapse-free survival and survival rates were 78% and 81%, respectively,
      whereas in the series of children treated in 1963-68 the corresponding rates were
      49% and 70%. The significant improvement in the relapse-free survival rate was a
      result of adjuvant treatment with actinomycin D and vincristine (AMD + VCR),
      which, in some patients, eradicated occult metastatic disease. In the treatment
      of lung metastases the combination of whole-lung irradiation and maintained
      chemotherapy with AMD + VCR proved excessively toxic: in 5 of 11 patients acute
      diffuse pneumonitis developed, and it was fatal in 3. Adjuvant AMD + VCR therapy
      is advocated in all patients with Wilms' tumour except children less than 12
      months old with a tumour of moderate size, limited to the kidney and completely
      resectable.

PMID- 179692
TI  - Chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - One of the most exciting and useful developments in modern oncology has been the
      recognition that certain biochemical tags can be used as cell markers in
      diagnosis, in monitoring the effects of anti-tumor therapy, and in follow-up to
      detect tumor recurrence. The measurement of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) in women
      with choriocarcinoma and/or gestational trophoblastic disease was the first test
      that could be relied upon entirely for this purpose. Furthermore, the amount of
      functional neoplastic tissue could be approximated by determining the production
      rate of this hormone which in normal physiologic conditions is only produced by
      syncytiotrophoblasts. The measurement of CG is now similarly used for the
      management of patients (both male and female) with choriocarcinoma originating in
      the tests and ovary. More recently a wide variety of nontrophoblastic malignant
      neoplasms have also been shown to produce CG, presumably from primitive tumor
      cells. Work is currently underway to ascertain the extent and potential
      usefulness of this observation in a wide variety of tumor systems, in the hope
      that improved tumor monitoring might be achieved.

PMID- 179693
TI  - Hormones and gynecologic cancer.
AB  - Available basic information about the regulation of rates of production, blood
      levels, intracellular metabolism, and action of steroid hormones and prolactin is
      reviewed and related to high-risk factors and therapeutic procedures applicable
      to gynecologic cancer.

PMID- 179691
TI  - Calcium hydroxide (lime) and the elimination of human pathogenic viruses from
      sewage: studies with experimentally-contaminated (poliovirus type 1, Sabin) and
      pilot plant samples.

PMID- 179694
TI  - Viruses and cancer of the lower genital tract.
AB  - The importance of viruses as oncogenic agents in animals is well established.
      Recent work suggests that viruses may also be etiologically related to some human
      cancers. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and the genital wart virus are prime
      suspects in carcinomas involving the female lower genital tract. In particular, a
      close association has been found between HSV-2 infection and cervical neoplasia
      in cytohistopathologic and seroepidemiologic studies. Preliminary results of
      prospective studies show further that women with genital herpetic infection are
      at increased risk of developing cervical neoplasia. Additional studies are also
      in progress on animal models, including subhuman primates, and efforts continue
      in the attempt to confirm the presence of viral genetic material or its
      expression in human cervical cancer cells. The possibility that human wart
      viruses have an oncogenic potential is suggested by clinicopathologic and
      electron microscopic observations. Further research is needed to ascertain the
      precise role of viruses in genital cancer.

PMID- 179695
TI  - Current status of treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease.
AB  - A brief summary is given of the developments leading to the current status of
      treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms, both nonmetastatic and
      metastatic. Hydatidiform mole has been identified as the precursor type of
      pregnancy in approximately 50% of those women developing metastatic disease. The
      other half developed this as consequences of either a full-term delivery or some
      type of abortion. Sensitive assays for human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are
      needed in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of these patients. Current
      therapy is outlined: nonmetastatic disease receives single agent chemotherapy
      with methotrexate or actinomycin D, with approximately 100% cure and 90%
      retention of reproductive function; metastatic disease, "low risk", receives
      single agent chemotherapy with the same drugs, with an expected cure rate of 95
      100%; metastatic disease, "high risk", receives initial therapy with multiple
      agent chemotherapy, with a cure rate of approximately 75%. Current unresolved
      questions are discussed briefly.

PMID- 179696
TI  - Herpes simplex virus-specific antigens in exfoliated cervical cells from women
      with and without cervical anaplasia.
AB  - By the indirect immunofluorescence technique the presence of herpes simplex virus
      specific antigens was investigated in cervical cells of 530 women with normal
      cervical epithelium, 175 with bland disorders, 52 with dysplasias, and 38 with
      invasive cervical carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Antigens were present in 9%
      of samples from women with normal cervical epithelium; they were present in 41%
      of the samples from women with bland disorders, 61% of those from dysplasia
      patients, and 94% of those from invasive carcinoma patients. The testing of 3
      consecutive imprints of 68 antigen-positive and 232 antigen-negative women at 6
      month intervals revealed that, in cervical cells, herpesvirus-specific antigens
      persisted throughout the 1-year period of the follow-up.

PMID- 179697
TI  - Variation in glycosaminoglycan components of breast tumors.
AB  - The correlation between the content of individual glycosaminoglycans and the
      histological patterns are studied on breast tumor tissues. The myxomatous stroma
      of intracanalicular fibroadenoma contained a large amount of glycosaminoglycans,
      which were mainly hyaluronic acid. The chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate level was
      also high. As the supporting stroma of this tumor became denser and more fibrous,
      the level of hyaluronic acid content was reduced. In the case of pericanalicular
      fibroadenoma, glycosaminoglycans were small in amount and the levels of
      hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate were low, but the ratio of dermatan
      sulfate content was higher. In the case of gynecomastia, the conent was almost
      the same as that of pericanalicular fibroadenoma. Scirrhous carcinoma tissues
      contained a relatively large amount of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate.
      No remarkable differences in heparan sulfate content were observed in any one of
      the breast tumors tested. Dermatan sulfate-chondroitin sulfate copolymers were
      detected in all the tumors. The presence of dermatan sulfate seemed to have an
      intimate relation with the fibrogenesis in the interstitial stromal element of
      the tumor tissues.

PMID- 179698
TI  - Biochemistry and enzyme induction in MC-29 virus-induced transplantable avian
      hepatoma.
AB  - For the biochemical characterization of a new transplantable hepatoma derived
      from the MC-29 virus-induced liver tumor, the macromolecular content and the
      inducibility of glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and
      aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase were compared in chicken liver and in this hepatoma.
      The alteration of the nucleocytoplasmic ratio was deduced from measurements of
      DNA, RNA, protein, and phospholipid contents of the whole cell homogenate and
      cell fractions. The increased nuclear and decreased cytoplasmic content of
      macromolecules suggests a dominancy of the nuclei in the tumor cells. Glucose-6
      phosphatase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities were lower by 60 and 80%,
      respectively, in the highly proliferating hepatoma than in the liver. In
      contrast, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased in the hepatoma.
      However, enzyme inducers, such as methylcholanthrene, hydrocortisone, and
      insulin, were able to enhance the activity of these enzymes in the liver but had
      no stimulating effect on the hepatoma.

PMID- 179699
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of ethylnitrosourea-induced, neoplastic
      neurogenic rat cell lines cultured in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - A comparative analysis was performed on the electrophysiological properties of 11
      neoplastic neurogenic cell culture lines and five other cell lines of different
      origin (HV1C, rat bile duct carcinoma; BICR/M1RK, rat mammary tumor; HeLa, human
      cervix carcinoma; 3T3, mouse embryo; REe, rat embryo). Neurogenic lines were
      derived either from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced neoplasms of the nervous system
      or from cultured fetal rat brain cells that had undergone neoplastic
      transformation in vitro after exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in vivo.
      Electrical membrane excitability was lacking in all neurogenic cells analyzed.
      Their membrane potential and input resistance values were similar to those of the
      nonneurogenic lines. Intercellular ionic coupling was consistently observed
      between cells of a fibroblastoid shape or cells bearing multiple cytoplasmic
      processes (i.e., all neurogenic lines HV1C, BICR/M1RK, and 3T3). Epithelioid
      cells (i.e., HeLa, REe, an NV1C subpopulation, and a GV1C1 variant) showed no
      such intercellular communication. In vivo monolayer cultures on glass coverslips
      were obtained by a modified i.p. diffusion chamber technique. Under these
      conditions, the cells (with the exception of a glioma-derived cell line) retained
      the morphological appearance and electrophysiological properties observed in
      vitro.

PMID- 179700
TI  - Kinetic properties of alcohol dehydrogenase in hepatocellular carcinoma and
      normal tissues of rat.
AB  - It was previously reported that the properties of alcohol dehydrogenase of a rat
      hepatocellular carcinoma (Becker H-252), a tumor of intermediate growth rate,
      were different from those of the liver enzyme, suggesting different isozymes. To
      determine whether the degree of differentiation affected the isozyme of alcohol
      dehydrogenase, a fast-growing, poorly differentiated tumor and one that is well
      differentiated and of intermediate growth rate were studied. Alcohol
      dehydrogenase from Morris hepatoma 7288ctc, a fast-growing, poorly differentiated
      tumor, had properties similar to those found with the Becker-H-252 tumor,
      including a high Km for ethanol and acetaldehyde and the absence of substrate
      inhibition. By contrast, alcohol dehydrogenase from the well-differentiated
      Morris hepatoma 5123C had properties similar to those of the liver enzyme. Thus,
      alcohol dehydrogenase is another example of an enzyme the isozyme composition of
      which changes with neoplastic de-differentiation. Further studies, including gel
      electrophoresis, substrate specificity patterns, and interaction with antibodies
      to alcohol dehydrogenase, are required to determine the factors responsible for
      the biochemical defect that occurs at the molecular level during carcinogenesis
      and whether the alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in the Becker H-252 and Morris
      7288ctc hepatomas are identical. A survey of several normal rat tissues revealed
      that only the stomach contains this unique isozyme of alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 179702
TI  - Differences between pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase from rat Novikoff
      ascites hepatoma and rat liver.
AB  - Pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase [deoxycytidine monophosphate:adenosine
      triphosphate (dCMP:ATP) phosphotransferase. EC 2.7.4.14] has been purified from
      rat Novikoff ascites hepatoma and rat liver, each to a single major band
      appearing on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Differences exist in regard to efficiency and regulation of enzymatic activities.
      The Km values of the tumor kinase for cytidine monophosphate (CMP) (0.0053 +/-
      0.0008 MM) and dCMP (0.715 +/- 0.068 MM) are approximately one-fourth the Km
      values of the rat liver kinase, for CMP (0.030 +/- 0.007 MM) and dCMP (2.77 +/-
      0.39 MM). The tumor dCMP kinase exhibits a lower Km for ATP (0.134 +/- 0.008 MM)
      than the rat liver kinase (0.68 +/- 0.09 mM). Moreover, the dCMP:CMP kinase
      activity ratio for the tumor enzyme is 1.12, while that for the rat liver enzyme
      is 0.45. The uridine monophosphate:CMP kinase activity ratio for the tumor enzyme
      is 1.93, while that for the rat liver enzyme is 2.68. Lower concentrations of
      dithiothreitol are required for 50% reactivation of the tumor dCMP kinase (1.00
      mM) and CMP kinase (0.10 mM) than rat liver dCMP kinase (2.20 mM) and CMP kinase
      (0.57 mM). Thus, the kinase from Novikoff hepatoma exhibits properties of
      increased efficiency and relaxed regulation of activity which render it more
      suitable for a tumor, in which active DNA synthesis is ongoing.

PMID- 179703
TI  - Pathology of lymphosarcoma in sheep induced with bovine leukemia virus.
AB  - Sixty-nine sheep were infected with bovine leukemia virus from bovine
      lymphosarcoma materials. Twenty-four developed lymphosarcoma and died from 13 to
      66 (average, 29) months later. Circulating lymphocytes were increased to leukemia
      levels (70,000 to 403,000/cu mm blood) in only eight sheep within 2 to 3 months
      of death. Various lymph nodes and visceral organs including heart, abomasum,
      uterus, kidneys, and urinary tract were commonly affected as in cattle with the
      adult form of lymphosarcoma. In one sheep the skin was involved. The liver was
      involved in only one case. This was in contrast to more frequent involvement
      reported in literature for naturally occurring lymphosarcoma. The neoplasms in
      experimental sheep are regarded as a mixture of reticulum or histiocytic cells
      and lymphoid cells with transitional forms supported by a usually sparse and
      diffuse fibroplasia and a web of silver-staining reticulin fibers.

PMID- 179701
TI  - Binding of cyclic nucleotides with proteins in malignant and adenosine cyclic
      3':5'-monophosphate-induced "differentiated" neuroblastoma cells in culture.
AB  - The binding of adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) with soluble
      (100,000 X g supernatant), pellet, and total homogenate proteins from cyclic AMP
      induced "differentiated" mouse neuroblastoma cells increased by about two-fold.
      The extent of binding with soluble proteins was higher than that with pellet
      proteins. The binding of cyclic AMP with soluble proteins from 5'-adenosine
      monophosphate-treated, serum-free medium-treated, sodium butyrate-treated, 6
      thioguanine-treated, or X-irradiated neuroblastoma cells did not significantly
      change. When the soluble proteins containing bound cyclic [3H]AMP were filtered
      through a Sephadex G-25 column, the relative amount of protein-bound cyclic
      [3H]AMP in differentiated cells was greater than that in malignant cells, but the
      amount of free cyclic [3H]AMP was correspondingly less. The electrophoretic
      characteristics of cyclic AMP-binding proteins of differentiated and malignant
      cells were identical. There were two binding peaks, but the extent of binding at
      each peak was relatively high in differentiated neuroblastoma cells. An increase
      in cyclic AMP binding occurred 24 hr after treatment of neuroblastoma cells with
      prostaglandin E1. This increase was completely blocked by cycloheximide but not
      by actinomycin D. The binding was heat labile and sensitive to protease action.
      These data indicate that the increase in binding in differentiated cells is due
      to an elevation in the levels of binding proteins. The binding of cyclic AMP with
      soluble proteins from rat glial cells and mouse L-cells did not significantly
      change after treatment with prostaglandin E1 or an inhibitor of cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase. Cyclic AMP and guanosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate bind with
      the same proteins, but cyclic AMP has about 10-fold higher binding affinity than
      does guanosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate.

PMID- 179704
TI  - Experimental hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
AB  - The sequential development of lesions in the liver leading to hepatocellular
      carcinoma in experimental animals appears to follow a similar pattern
      irrespective of the carcinogen. The speed with which the lesions develop is
      related to the chemical, the dose and dosing schedule, and the diet fed. In
      studies with aflatoxin B1 there is a predictable series of morphological
      expressions beginning with focal areas of hydropic degeneration (Stage 1);
      hyperplastic basophilic cells, singly or in close association with Stage 1 (Stage
      2); nodular hyperplasia of parenchymal cells which become progressively more
      abnormal (Stage 3); transitional cell changes (Stage 4); and, ultimatley,
      hepatocellular carcinoma (Stage 5).

PMID- 179705
TI  - Sex hormones and hepatic neoplasia.
AB  - The recent increase in hepatocellular neoplasms in women of child-bearing age
      taking oral contraceptives and in individuals of both sexes taking anabolic
      androgenic steroids is a phenomenon that requires urgent attention. Although most
      of the lesions are benign, reports of carcinomas in a few of these individuals
      and our own observation of an adenoma that shows borderline malignant
      transformation suggest that some of the adenomas are premalignant lesions. The
      pathology of our own cases and those reported in the literature are reviewed, and
      hypotheses are offered for a carcinogenic role of synthetic steroid sex hormones.
      These speculations are based on known toxic and metabolic actions of the drugs
      and are amenable to experimentation.

PMID- 179706
TI  - Preneoplastic lesions in murine mammary cancer.
AB  - The current model for murine mammary tumorigenesis indicates that discrete,
      morphologically identifiable preneoplastic lesions precede and give rise to
      mammary tumors. The hyperplastic alveolar nodule is the primary lesion that
      precedes and gives rise to mammary tumors in mice infected with the mammary tumor
      virus (Bittner) or its variants. In mice fed 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene or
      urethan, hyperplastic alveolar nodules are present but infrequent, and the major
      mammary dysplasias present are ductal hyperplasias. The ductal hyperplasias can
      be divided into four general morphological types: (a) simple terminal duct
      hyperplasia; (b) lobular hyperplasia; (c) papillary hyperplasia; (d) end-bud
      hyperplasia. All types of ductal hyperplasias are characterized by intraductal
      epithelial hyperplasia and have been shown to give rise to mammal adenocarcinomas
      in situ or by transplantation into the mammary gland-free fat pads of syngeneic
      mice. Our current hypothesis is that murine mammary cancer can evolve through one
      of several intermediate stages. The intermediate stages can be either alveolar or
      ductal hyperplasias. The latter resemble, in many instances, ductal lesions seen
      in human breast cancer.

PMID- 179707
TI  - Epidermal growth control mechanisms, hyperplasia, and tumor promotion in the
      skin.

PMID- 179708
TI  - Effects of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide and its metabolites
      on Novikoff hepatoma cells.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to determine the effects of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1
      triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) and its metabolites on the growth and
      macromolecular synthesis of Novikoff hepatoma cells in culture. DTIC (3.0 mM) in
      light decreased the viable cell count by 90% within 96 hr. DTIC protected from
      light, 2-azahypoxanthine, dimethylamine, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, all
      at 3.0 mM, reduced the rate of cellular proliferation. 5-Diazoimidazole-4
      carboxamide (1.0 mM) and 5-(3-methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (3.0 mM)
      decreased the viable cell count by 99%. Effects on macromolecular synthesis were
      determined by the rate of incorporation of the appropriate 3H-labeled precursor.
      Results after 6 hr are given as percentage of controls. DTIC (1.0 mM) in light
      inhibited DNA (8%), RNA (41%), and protein (63%) synthesis. DTIC (1.0 mM)
      protected from light inhibited DNA (12%) and RNA (57%) synthesis. 5
      Diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide (0.1 mM) inhibited DNA (1%), RNA (9%), and protein
      (1%) synthesis. 5-(3-Methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (1.0 mM) inhibited
      DNA (72%) and protein (65%) synthesis but stimulated RNA (127%) synthesis. 2
      Azahypoxanthine (1.0 mM) inhibited DNA (43%), RNA 82%) and protein (28%)
      synthesis. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (3.0 mM) stimulated DNA (354%) and RNA
      (266%) synthesis. These data show that DTIC is able to generate several toxic
      metabolites that may be responsible for its biological effects.

PMID- 179709
TI  - Autogenous immunity to mouse mammary tumor virus in mouse strains of high and low
      mammary tumor incidence.
AB  - Specific radioimmune precipitation assays were utilized to demonstrate the
      presence of precipitating antibodies to mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) in the
      high-spontaneous mammary tumor strains of mice: C3H/HeN+, GR/N, BALB/cfC3H, and
      C57BL/6 X C3H F1 (hereafter called B6C3F1). Antibody titers in C3H/HeN+ mice
      increased with age, with highest titers observed in tumor-bearing animals. MMTV
      precipitating antibodies were not detectable by radioimmune precipitation assay
      in low-mammary tumor strains (AKR, BALB/c C57BL/6, and C3H/HeN-) but were
      detectable in MMTV-inoculated BALB/c mice. Appearance of antibodies preceded
      palpable tumor formation, and antibody titers were directly correlated to virus
      dose. Natural antibody to MMTV in C3H/HeN+ and B6C3F1 mice coexists with the
      murine leukemia virus natural antibody as determined by competition
      radioimmunoassays.

PMID- 179710
TI  - Changes in transfer RNA's in human malignant trophoblastic cells (BeWo line).
AB  - Ten aminoacyl transfer RNA's prepared from human malignant trophoblastic cells
      (BeWo line) were compared with the corresponding aminoacyl transfer RNA's from
      normal human chorionic tissue by cochromatography on a RPC-5 column. Phenylalanyl
      transfer RNA (Phe-tRNA) of BeWo cells had, in addition to the single species of
      Phe-tRNA found in normal chorionic tissues, an early eluting component. When Phe
      tRNA from the chorion was exposed to mild acid, which selectively excises the Y
      base, it eluted in the same position as the early eluting Phe-tRNA of BeWo cells.
      Therefore, the BeWo Phe-tRNA is partially undermodified. Tyrosyl transfer RNA of
      BeWo cells exhibited a broad-based peak which eluted later than the normal and
      probably consists of two or more tyrosyl transfer RNA's. Seryl transfer RNA of
      BeWo cells showed two peaks of acceptor activity, while seryl transfer RNA of
      normal chorion had a third peak that eluted at a higher salt concentration. In
      addition, in an early eluting methionyl and lysyl transfer RNA and in a late
      eluting arginyl transfer RNA from BeWo cells and normal charion, quantitative
      alterations were detected. The remaining four transfer RNA's, leucyl, aspartyl,
      valyl, and histidyl, from the two sources did not show any significant
      differences in elution profiles. These alterations of the chromatographic profile
      appeared to be due to new or altered species of transfer RNA. They were not due
      to differences in the aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase. The transfer RNA
      methyltransferase capacity of the enzymes from BeWo cells was 2-fold higher than
      that of the enzymes extracted from the chorion.

PMID- 179711
TI  - Characteristics of cell membranes from somatic cell hybrids between rat hepatoma
      and mouse L-cells.
AB  - Cell membranes from mouse L-cells (L-B82), rat hepatoma (HTC-H1), and three
      clones of their somatic cell hybrids (07, V4a, and V5) showing different degrees
      of density-dependent inhibition of growth were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The membrane polypeptides of the hybrid clones were all similar
      and all showed higher proportions of polypeptides with molecular weights of
      56,000 and 45,000 than their parents of their normal counterparts. The major
      glycoprotein form cell hybrids appeared to be identical with that of rat liver or
      rat hepatoma cells and different from that of L-cells. One hybrid showed density
      dependent inhibition growth; the other two, like both parents, did not. All
      produced tumors in nude mice, although tumor production by the hybrids was
      delayed. A large external protein (M.W. 240,000) iodinated by lactoperoxidase
      catalyzed reaction was virtually missing in the parents but was present at high
      levels in all their hybrid clones. Thus, there was a lack of correlation between
      the presence of this protein, growth control in vitro, and tumorigenicity.
      Furthermore, no correlation was seen between agglutination of these cells by
      concanavalin A and tumorigenicity. The factors controlling these membrane
      properties thus are independent of density-dependent inhibition of growth and of
      those controlling the expression of cancer.

PMID- 179712
TI  - Studies on the selective action of cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271): Inactivation of
      the hydroxylated metabolite by tissue-soluble enzymes.
AB  - The hypothesis that selective action of cyclophosphamide, compared to other
      nitrogen mustards, is due to a balance between enzymatic formation of inactive
      metabolites and chemical formation of the alkylating product was studied in view
      of previous observation in our laboratory. Metabolite analysis, inhibition of
      growth of tumor cells in culture, and kinetic analysis of relevant enzyme
      activities were used in this investigation. The effect of tissue-soluble enzyme
      fractions on biochemically prepared aldophosphamide, aldophosphamide analogs, and
      phosphoramide mustard showed: (a) a range of deactivation abilities with
      aldophosphamide (liver greater than kidney greater than intestinal mucosa greater
      than tumor greater than spleen = bovine serum albumin solution); (b) the
      formation of different amounts of carboxyphosphamide from aldophosphamide; and
      (c) only comparatively small reductions in the toxicity of phosphoramide mustard
      and of 4-hydroxy-4methylcyclophosphamide. Correlations were found between NAD+
      dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and the deactivation ability of tissue
      soluble enzyme fractions. Blockage (by C4 substitution) or inhibition (by
      disulfiram) of secondary oxidation of aldophosphamide, mediated by aldehyde
      dehydrogenase, resulted in diminished deactivation ability in vitro and reduced
      selectivity in vivo.

PMID- 179714
TI  - [Gate mechanisms in relation to the analgesic action of acupuncture].

PMID- 179713
TI  - [Herbs with vitamin d effect (author's transl)].

PMID- 179715
TI  - The effect of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on the uptake of estradiol by
      the neonatal mouse uterus: an autoradiographic study.
AB  - Uterine tissue from neonatal mice was incubated in vitro at 0 degrees C for 1 h
      in a medium containing 1 X 10(-8) M 3H-estradiol with or without 1 X 10(-4) M
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP. In some incubations the temperature was raised to 37
      degrees C for 15 min after incubation in the cold, in others the temperature was
      kept at 0 degrees C during this 15 min period. The tissue was frozen in liquid
      propane cooled in liquid nitrogen, sectioned at 2 or 4 microns, and
      autoradiograms prepared according to the dry-mount procedure. cAMP increases the
      cellular uptake of 3H-estradiol in uterine tissue. After rising the temperature
      to 37 degrees C, grains appeared over the nuclei. cAMP at low temperature
      increased the cellular uptake of 3H-estradiol, but the grains were not associated
      with the nuclei. In the autoradiograms the grain number above the epithelium was
      markedly less than above the stroma.

PMID- 179716
TI  - The role of antibody dependent cytotoxicity in recovery from herpesvirus
      infections.

PMID- 179717
TI  - The kinetics of suppression of proliferation of oxidized murine lymphoid cells by
      sodium borohydride reduction.

PMID- 179718
TI  - The cell-mediated immune response to ectromelia virus infection. II. Secondary
      response in vitro and kinetics of memory T cell production in vivo.

PMID- 179719
TI  - [The differentiation of H. influenzae and. H. parainfluenzae (author's transl)].

PMID- 179720
TI  - [How to improve the effect of clomiphene].

PMID- 179721
TI  - [Denitrifying bacteria of genus Alcaligenes isolated from soil].
AB  - The organism isolated is a small non-sporulating Gram-negative rod, motile by
      means of peritrichous flagellae. It is an oxidase-positive chemo-organotroph
      utilizing O2,NO-3,NO-2 and N2O as resiratory substrates. Primary alcohols as well
      as numerous organic and amino acids are utilized as carbon and energy sources.
      Carbohydrates are not assimilated. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate is accumulated
      intracellularly. The bacterium is assigned to the genus Alcaligenes and its
      phenotype characteristics are compared with those of A. faecalis.

PMID- 179722
TI  - Calcium accumulation and enzymatic activities of subcellular fractions from
      aortas and ventricles of genetically hypertensive rats.
AB  - Subcellular fractions were obtained from aortas and ventricles of 6-month-old
      spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar rats by the use of
      differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. These preparations were
      studied to determine what alterations in calcium accumulation and enzymatic
      activities might be associated with hypertension. The total amount of calcium
      accumulation (in the presence of ATP and 17 muM free calcium) by the plasma
      membrane-enriched fraction from hypertensive rat aortas significantly less than
      that from normotensive rats (11.3 +/- 0.4 vs 16.2 +/- 1.6 mumol of calcium/g of
      protein, n = 8). In contrast the specific activities of the plasma membrane
      marker enzymes, 5'-nucleotidase and phosphodiesterase I, were 80% and 40%
      greater, respectively, in the hypertensive than in the normotensive fractions. On
      the other hand, various fractions from ventricles of the two types of rats were
      generally similar in enzyme activities and calcium accumulation. The decreased
      rate of relaxation of aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats may be caused
      by the decreased rate of calcium transport demonstrated in this study.

PMID- 179724
TI  - Asthma due to non-occupational exposure to toluene (tolylene) di-isocyanate.
AB  - The production of asthma by toluene di-isocyanate, aspirated into the ventilating
      system and emanating from the exhausts of a neighbouring factory, was established
      in three otherwise non-exposed clerical workers. Occupational-type exposure tests
      with a polyurethane varnish/toluene di-isocyanate mixture elicited vigorous and
      prolonged non-immediate asthmatic reactions, thus enabling identification of the
      otherwise, obscure etiological cause of their asthma.

PMID- 179723
TI  - Evaluation of 99mtechnetium stannous pyrophosphate as an imaging agent in acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Serial 99mTc pyrophosphate scintigrams were obtained 7 hr to 15 days after
      experimental acute myocardial infarction produced by permanent or transient
      coronary occlusion. Scintigrams were interpreted visually and the increased
      radioactivity in the precordial image was quantitated and compared to extent of
      infarction found histologically. Results of these studies indicate: 1) 99mTc
      pyrophosphate imaging is an extremely sensitive for detection of acute myocardial
      infarction, i.e., infarction in excess of 1% of the left ventricular mass was
      detected. 2) Early detection of acute infarction is a function of blood flow
      since 7 hr after infarction scans were negative after permanent occlusion but
      were strongly positive after transient occlusion. 3) Radioactivity in the
      precordial image was inversely related to extent of infarction after permanent
      occlusion and directly related to extent of infarction after transient occlusion.
      4) 99mTc pyrophosphate localized in areas with significant histologic infarction
      but the distribution of radioactivity was not proportional to extent of
      infarction.

PMID- 179725
TI  - Soft tissue sarcomas.

PMID- 179726
TI  - New approaches to virus isolation in human disease.

PMID- 179727
TI  - Aleutian mink disease as a model for immune complex disease.

PMID- 179728
TI  - Oat cell carcinoma of the lung.

PMID- 179729
TI  - Feline leukemia virus research- an update.

PMID- 179730
TI  - Letter: Procedures compared for extracting benzodiazepines in blood.

PMID- 179731
TI  - Letter: Effect of two new serum-separating devices on results for cholesterol and
      triglycerides.

PMID- 179732
TI  - Chromatography on Florisil in the quantitative estimation of urinary and other
      porphyrins.
AB  - We describe the use of Florisil chromatography to purify and fractionate
      porphyrins into uro-, copro-, and protoporphyrins before their measurement by
      quantitative fluorometry. Porphyrinogens in fresh urine may be rapidly oxidized
      to porphyrins by chloranil, or slowly in weakly alkaline solution, before the
      sample is applied to the Florisil column. Aliquots of the separate ammoniacal
      eluates may be lyophilized for additional fractionation by direct thin-layer
      chromatographic analysis if desired. The behavior of delta-aminolevulinic acid,
      porphobilinogen, and other pyrrole compounds in this system is also described.

PMID- 179733
TI  - Evaluation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate and fluoride as adenylate kinase
      inhibitors in the creatine kinase assay.
AB  - Adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) interferes positively in the serum creatine kinase
      (EC 2.7.3.2) assay when the rate of ATP production is monitored by a coupled
      enzyme system. A dual assay, measuring creatine kinase and adenylate kinase
      activity, was used to evaluate AMP and other possible adenylate kinase inhibitors
      that would permit specific measurement of creatine kinase activity in the
      presence of adenylate kinase. We found that AMP, routinely included in the
      creatine kinase assay system to inhibit adenylate kinase, partially inhibits both
      human serum creatine kinase and purified creatine kinase from rabbit muscle. The
      amount of creatine kinase inhibition is related directly to the AMP concentration
      and inversely to the substrate (ADP) concentration. We found that 25 mmol/liter
      of fluoride inhibits adenylate kinase without measurable effect on creatine
      kinase activity. We developed a serum creatine kinase assay including fluoride,
      and compared it with the dual assay system and with two commercial assay kits.
      Other halides or adenosine 2'-monophosphate did not selectively inhibit adenylate
      kinase.

PMID- 179734
TI  - Effect of reaction initiator on human lactate dehydrogenase assay.
AB  - Human lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes I and V have decreased activities when the
      reaction is initiated with lactate. No loss in lactate dehydrogenase I activity
      was found when the reaction was initiated with enzyme or NAD+. For lactate
      dehydrogenase V an NAD+-initiated reaction, as compared to an enzyme-initiated
      reaction, yields lower activity in sodium pyrophosphate buffer but higher
      activity in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer. Both isoenzymes have higher
      lactate-to-pyruvate activity when assayed in the latter buffer than when assayed
      in the former. Human lactate dehydrogenase V (but not I) exhibited different
      activities when assayed with lactate from two different commercial sources. Human
      lactate dehydrogenase assayed by the pyruvate-to-lactate reaction is not affected
      by the choice of reaction initiator.

PMID- 179735
TI  - Apoprotein profile of plasma and chylous ascites lipoproteins.
AB  - Plasma and chylous ascites lipoproteins were compared in a rare case of exudative
      enteropathy associated with stenosis of the thoracic duct. All ascites
      lipoproteins separated by ultracentrifugation showed a much higher
      triglyceride/protein ratio and a lower cholesterol ester content than their
      plasma counterparts. Polyarcylamide gel electrophoresis of apoproteins before and
      after fractionation on Sephadex G-200 essentially showed, compared to normal
      plasma, a reduction of apoprotein C in VLDL and HDL particularly obvious for
      apoCIII1 and CIII2. Ascites lipoproteins were characterized by an increased apoA
      content in chylomicrons, VLDL and LDL and a reduced percentage of apo CII and
      CIII1, mostly in chylomicrons, VLDL and HDL. The differences in composition
      between plasma and ascites might be explained by different origins for the
      various apoprotein subfractions. The transsudation of chyle into the abdominal
      cavity might divert some peptides of intestinal origin from their normal entry
      into the circulation.

PMID- 179736
TI  - Hepatic collagen proline hydroxylase activity in alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - The activity of hepatic collagen proline hydroxylase was examined in biopsy
      samples as a factor in collagen synthesis in 77 patients with alcoholic liver
      disease. The urinary excretion of peptide bound hydroxyproline was also measured
      in most of the patients, as an index of collagen degradation. The highest
      activities of collagen proline hydroxylase were found in the patients with
      alcoholic hepatitis. Enzyme activity was markedly increased in patients with non
      specific changes on liver biopsy, whereas, patients with fatty infiltration had
      only mild elevations, and those with inactive cirrhosis had normal enzyme
      activity. Urinary hydroxyproline was elevated only in patients with alcoholic
      hepatitis and inactive cirrhosis. Follow-up determinations in 16 patients with
      alcoholic hepatitis, after 4 to 5 weeks, revealed a decrease in enzyme activity,
      but no change in urinary hydroxyproline. We conclude that among the types of
      alcohol-related liver diseases, alcoholic hepatitis is associated with the
      greatest turnover of hepatic collagen.

PMID- 179737
TI  - Diagnosis of dyslipoprotein aemia by molecular sieve chromatography.
AB  - Agarose gel molecular sieve chromatography has been used as a tool in the
      diagnosis of dyslipoproteinaemias. The elution profile from control plasma
      contained three peaks, corresponding to very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low
      density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). These accounted
      for 9.5%, 23.5% and 67% of the total lipoprotein absorption at 280 nm. Elution
      patterns from dyslipoproteinaemic serum showed alterations, not only in peak
      area, but also in peak migration rate through the agarose gel. These variations
      were reproducible and of such magnitude as to permit the use of molecular sieve
      chromatography as a tool in the diagnosis of dyslipoprotein-aemias of Type I, II
      (a + b), III, IV and V.

PMID- 179738
TI  - Application of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide analogs for clinical enzymology:
      a spectrophotometric method for clinical analysis of lactate dehydrogenase
      patterns with the use of a nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide analog.
AB  - The activities of porcine lactate dehydrogenase (LHD) isoenzymes were analyzed
      using nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or its analogs as a cofactor, with
      varying concentrations of L-lactate from 13 to 530 mM. The greatest differences
      between H4-type and M4-type isoenzymes in reaction rates were observed when their
      activities were compared in a reaction mixture containing 530 mM lactate and NAD,
      and also in a system of 13 mM lactate with thionicotinamide-hypoxanthine
      dinucleotide as a cofactor. The ratio of the LDH activity exerted in the former
      reaction mixture to that exerted in the latter was termed the N/T value. The N/T
      values of porcine H4 and M4 isoenzymes were 0.49 and 9.33, respectively. The N/T
      values of other three isoenzymes (H3M1, H2M2 and H1M3) were calculated by
      assuming that the single subunits H1 and M1 contribute one-fourth of the values
      of 0.49 and 9.33, respectively, and a given isoenzyme which is a combination of
      four subunits of H and M comprises the sum of their values. The calculated values
      agreed fairly well with the experimental results. The N/T value method was found
      to be applicable to human LDH isoenzymes, and sera from various patients were
      analyzed in comparison with hormonal sera. The method is particularly suitable
      for the numerical expression of LDH isoenzyme profiles.

PMID- 179739
TI  - Application of nicotin amide-adenine dinucleotide analogs for clinical
      enzymology: alcohol dehydrogenase activity in liver injury.
AB  - The activities of alcohol dehydrogease(ADH) in serum and in the subcellular
      fractions of rat liver were determined with n-amyl alcohol or ethanol as
      substrate and thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide as coenzyme. It was found
      that the enzyme's activity ratio on the amyl alcohol and ethanol(A/E value) of
      serum and on the particulate fractions of the liver were different, but the A/E
      value of the soluble fraction was similar to that of serum. The A/E value of the
      particulate fractions were higher than that of the soluble fraction. From the
      results of experimental liver damage in the rat, it seems that estimation of the
      A/E value of ADH activity in serum is a useful parameter for the diagnosis of
      active liver injury. Since the A/E values of patients' sera differed from those
      of the normal subjects, the estimation of the A/E value of serum may give
      diagnostic information on liver injury, especially in chronic liver injury.

PMID- 179740
TI  - The determination of silicates in urinary calculi.
AB  - The determination of silica and silicates in urinary calculi is rendered
      difficult by the common occurrence in such material of high concentrations of
      calcium, magnesium and orthophosphate. The problem has been studied, and manual
      and semi-automated procedures for the determination are described. 145 stones
      from the urinary tracts of patients with spinal cord injury were analysed, but in
      all of them the silicon content was below the limit of detection of 0.7 gSiO2 per
      100 g calculus.

PMID- 179741
TI  - Neonatal metabolism and endocrinology studied by exchange transfusion.
AB  - The work reviewed here illustrates how a therapeutic procedure, exchange
      transfusion of newborn infants, may be used to gather information which is both
      of practical value to infants treated in this way and also of value in the study
      of human neonatal physiology. The scientific deductions that can be drawn are
      weakened by the uncontrolled nature of the subjects available for study but this
      problem can be mitigated by changing one variable at a time between two groups of
      clinically similar infants undergoing transfusion and paying attention only to
      large changes in whatever is measured. In this way it has been possible to show
      that the glucose of ACD blood stimulates insulin and GH secretion and that the
      stimulation of insulin secretion is less, and that of GH more, if the transfusion
      is performed via the umbilical artery rather than via the vein. Arterial
      transfusions may be more stressful than venous ones since they are associated
      with greater growth hormone, ACTH and glucocorticoid release. Citrate, the other
      additive in ACD blood, causes a fall in ionised plasma calcium levels resulting
      in a stimulation of PTH secretion and mobilisation of calcium and phosphorus.
      Transfusion with heparinised blood is therefore preferred by some because
      normoglycaemia is preserved during and for three hours after transfusion, whereas
      post-transfusion hypoglycaemia may occur after ACD transfusion. However, heparin
      transfusion causes a marked rise in plasma FFA levels which may interfere with
      the binding of bilirubin by albumin. In either type of transfusion the side
      effects may be minimised by feeding the baby afterwards, as soon as practicable.
      Thyroid hormones are washed out of the infant during transfusion but normal
      thyroid balance is restored quickly afterwards. The temperature of the donor
      blood does have thermal effects on the baby but these are less than might be
      expected due to the rapid equilibration of donor blood temperature with that of
      the room. The metabolic consequences of transfusion with cold blood are less than
      might be anticipated due in part to the glucose infusion that is part of an ACD
      transfusion.

PMID- 179742
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of homoxygous familial hypercholesterolemia: investigation of
      a case at risk.
AB  - Cultivated amnion cells obtained from a pregnancy at risk for the homozygous form
      of familial hypercholesterolemia were analyzed, as were fibroblasts from normal,
      heterozygous and homozygous controls. Three different methods were employed in
      order to compare their diagnostic value: i. Acetate incorporation into the
      cellular 3beta-OH-sterol fraction; ii. LDL-binding to the cell surface receptor;
      and iii. Oleate incorporation into the cholesterylester pool of the cells after
      addition of LDL to lipoprotein-deficient growth medium. The best discrimination
      between normal, heterozygous and homozygous cells was achieved using the third
      technique. On the basis of the acetate incorporation analysis, we concluded that
      the child is not homozygous, but probably completely unaffected. This diagnosis
      was confirmed by repeated determinations of plasma cholesterol levels during the
      first 11 months of life. Our investigations further substantiate the specularion
      that prenatal diagnosis of this disorder is possible.

PMID- 179744
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone on response of lymphocytes to stimulation by sodium
      periodate.

PMID- 179743
TI  - Lp(a) lipoprotein/pre-beta1-lipoprotein, serum lipids and atherosclerotic
      disease.
AB  - With appropriate electrophoretic techniques and fresh serum samples, the Lp(a)
      lipoprotein/pre-beta1-lipoprotein is demonstrable as a distinct zone in the area
      between beta-lipoprotein and ordinary pre-beta-lipoprotein, when sera which are
      strongly positive with respect to the Lp(a) antigen are analyzed. The Lp(a)
      lipoprotein is a genetically determined normal serum component. The phenotype
      Lp(a+) was found significantly more frequently in two series of patients with
      coronary heart disease (CHD) than in appropriate controls. The frequency
      difference between patients and controls was particularly pronounced for the
      Finnish samples studied, 55% of the patients having the phenotype Lp(a+), as
      opposed to only 31% of the healthy controls. As judged from electrophoresis
      strips, hibh concentrations of Lp(a) lipoprotein/pre-beta1-lipoprotein were
      positively correlated with coronary score as determined by angiography. This
      correlation was highly significant. Total serum cholesterol value was slightly
      higher in Lp(a+) than in Lp(a-) persons from two of the four population samples
      studied, but no statistically significant difference was found. Serum
      triglyceride levels exhibited a statistically insignificant trend towards higher
      values in Lp(a-) than in Lp(a+) individuals, in three of the four samples tested.
      The strong association between the phenotype Lp(a+) and CHD, as well as the
      correlation between high amounts of Lp(a) lipoprotein/pre-beta1-lipoprotein and
      coronary score on one hand, and the weak correlation between presence of Lp(a)
      lipoprotein/pre-beta1-lipoprotein and lipid values on the other, make it highly
      unlikely that the increased frequency of the Lp(a+) phenotype in CHD patients
      merely reflects an over-all increase of the intravascular pool of LDL and/or VLDL
      reflected in increased serum levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides. By the
      same token, it is unlikely that the insignificant effect on lipid values can, on
      its own, explain the correlation between Lp(a) phenotype and CHD.

PMID- 179745
TI  - Degranulation mechanisms in human leukemic basophils.

PMID- 179746
TI  - Preliminary report on the individualised non-mutilating treatment of operable
      breast cancer.

PMID- 179747
TI  - Pulmonary metastases in Wilms' tumour.
AB  - In a series of 87 patients with a diagnosis of Wilms' tumour seen at the Great
      Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children between 1960 and 1973, 15 patients had
      pulmonary metastases at the time of diagnosis and a further 22 patients developed
      pulmonary metastases within 18 months of their initial nephrectomy. The incidence
      of later development of metastases was very much greater in those patients with
      locally advanced primary tumours than in those with a completely resectable,
      encapsulated tumour. In both groups of patients the disease-free survival rate
      was closely related to initial local tumour staging. In the whole series there
      were 11/37 (42-5%) patients with pulmonary metastases who survived disease-free
      for two or more years following treatment. The survival rate was highest in those
      patients who had a solitary pulmonary metastasis which was surgically resected
      (5/6); this type of lesion was seen only in those patients who had a localised
      primary tumour. In those patients with multiple pulmonary metastases, treated
      with irradiation to the whole lungs and single-agent chemotherapy, there were
      only 6/31 disease-free survivors; this group of patients all had advanced primary
      tumours and there was a high incidence of associated abdominal recurrence. The
      need for multiple agent chemotherapy in conjunctin with surgery and radiotherapy,
      both as prophylaxis against and in the treatment of metastases from Wilms' tumour
      is stressed.

PMID- 179748
TI  - Evaluation of gallium-67 in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with carcinoma of the bronchus had lung scans performed with
      gallium-67. The results were compared with corresponding chest radiographs. In
      four patients who had been treated with radiotherapy or cytotoxic drugs, there
      was no uptake of isotope in the lesion. The isotope, however, identified the
      neoplasm accurately in 17 out of the 20 cases (85%). The relative distribution of
      isotope in neoplastic tissue and adjacent inflammatory reaction is discussed as
      well as those cases in which either the radiograph or the scan failed to
      demonstrate the malignant lesion. Gallium scanning in this study failed to
      indicate the extension of growth into the mediastinal glands.

PMID- 179749
TI  - The spectrophotometric determination of human serum carboxypolypeptidase with
      angiotensin converting enzyme-like activity.
AB  - 1. A colorimetric method was developed for the direct chemical assay of human
      carboxypeptidase A (carboxypolypeptidase; EC 3.4.12.2) with angiotensin
      converting enzyme-like activity in serum or plasma, with the substrate analogue
      glycyl-L-histidylglycine and the angiotensin converting enzyme substrate
      angiotensin I (A-I). This method was based on the spectrophototometric
      determination of histidylglycine and histidyl-leucine, products of the hydrolysis
      of glycyl-L-histidylglycine and A-I respectively. omicron-Phthalaldehyde reacted
      with the imidazole moiety of nu-terminal histidyl peptides to produce a yellow
      chromophore. 2. A large number of inhibitors were tested for their effects on
      carboxypolpeptidase activity. The hydrolysis of Gly-His-Gly and A-I was inhibited
      by histidyl-leucine and angiotensin II, both products of the hydrolysis of A-I.
      Bothrops jararaca venom extract, EDTA, rho-chloromercuribenzoate, 8
      hydroxyquinoline and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, previously reported as converting
      enzyme inhibitors, also inhibited carboxypolypeptidase activity. 3. Angiotensin
      converting enzyme activity in the serum of sixty-six adults ranged from 10 to 37
      nmol of glycyl-L-histidylglygine hydrolysed in 10 min by 10 mu1 of serum at 37
      degrees C and pH 7-25.

PMID- 179750
TI  - Effect of diphosphonates on adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in mouse
      calvaria after stimulation by parathyroid hormone in vitro.
AB  - 1. The diphosphonates, disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and
      disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), inhibit bone resorption in
      animals and in explanted bone in tissue culture. The possibility that these
      effects might be due to inhibition of skeletal adenylate cyclase has been
      studied. 2. EHDP and Cl2MDP, added for 30 min to the incubation medium at
      concentrations known to inhibit bone resorption, had no effect on basal content
      of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) of mouse calvaria incubated
      in vitro, nor did they inhibit the rise in cyclic AMP induced by bovine
      parathyroid hormone. 3. Pretreatment of mice for 3 days with Cl2MDP also had no
      effect on cyclic AMP under basal conditions or after incubation of explanted
      calvaria with parathyroid hormone in vitro. EHDP under similar conditions
      slightly inhibited the increase induced by parathyroid hormone but had no effect
      on basal concentrations of cyclic AMP. 4. It is suggested that the inhibition of
      adenylate cyclase is not an essential feature of the reduction of bone resorption
      by diphosphonates, which may act by direct inhibitory effects on the dissolution
      of hydroxyapatite and perhaps by other unidentified effects on bone cells. Key
      words: adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, bone, dichloromethylene
      diphosphonate, diphosphonates, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate, parathyroid
      hormone.

PMID- 179751
TI  - The effect of insulin on adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3':5'
      monophosphate concentrations in human plasma.
AB  - 1. The action of insulin on plasma cyclic nucleotide concentrations in normal
      human subjects has been studied after intravenous injection, alone and in
      combination with glucagon. 2. After injection of insulin alone there was an
      initial small, though not significant, decrease in plasma cyclic AMP at 15 min
      followed by an increase to more than twice the initial concentration at 30 min.
      The increase was absent when hypoglycaemia was lessened by infusion of glucose
      after insulin injection. 3. Injection of insulin caused no significant change in
      plasma cyclic GMP concentration, whether or not glucose was infused after the
      hormone. 4. Glucagon (3-300 nmol, 10-1000 mug), caused a dose-dependent increase
      in plasma cyclic AMP concentration. The rise in plasma cyclic AMP produced by 3
      or 30 nmol of glucagon was not significantly modified by simultaneous injection
      of insulin (44 nmol; 6 units).

PMID- 179752
TI  - Effects of prednisolone on the small intestinal mucosa of the rat.
AB  - 1. The effects in rats of an oral pharmacological dose of prednisolone on mucosal
      function, enzymology, lysosomal membrane fragility, morphology and cell kinetics
      have been examined in proximal jejunum and distal ileum. 2. The maximum
      absorptive capacity for galactose was significantly greater in both the jejunum
      and the ileum of the steroid-treated animals. This was due to an increase in
      carrier-mediated transport in the individual enterocytes and not to a change in
      the cell population. The Michaelis constant for galactose was not significantly
      altered by prednisolone. 3. Activities of brush-border and mitochondrial enzymes
      and of RNA were increased in isolated enterocyte preparations from the jejunum
      and ileum of the steroid-treated group. 4. Lysosomal membrane fragility was
      unaltered in the prednisolone-treated group. 5. Morphometrical observations
      confirmed that the size of the enterocyte population was unaltered by
      prednisolone. Studies on cell kinetics indicate that the effects of prednisolone
      are due to a direct action on the enterocyte and not secondary to changes in
      migration rate.

PMID- 179753
TI  - Diseases associated with herpesviruses.
AB  - Human herpesviruses have been associated with numerous diseases throughout
      history (Table 3), but their ability to induce latent and recurrent infections,
      alongwith their oncogenic capabilities, is only beginning to be understood.
      Accordingly, our ability to deal with the diseases induced by herpesviruses is
      severely limited by our lack of information concerning the basic processes of
      virus-host cell interactions and systemic host factors; especially immune factors
      that are involved in the disease process.

PMID- 179754
TI  - Nematode biochemistry--XV. Enzyme changes related to glycerol excretion in
      Caenorhabditis briggsae.

PMID- 179755
TI  - A glutamine- and N-acetyl-L-glutamate-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase
      activity in the teleost Micropterus salmoides.

PMID- 179756
TI  - Morphological and biochemical characterisation of the inner and outer ventricular
      myocardial layers of adult tuna fish (Thunnus thynnus L.).

PMID- 179757
TI  - The effect of detergents on some enzyme systems in liver mitochondria from ecto-
      and endo-thermic animals.

PMID- 179758
TI  - Vascular liver nodules caused by an islet cell tumor.

PMID- 179759
TI  - The abnormal brain scan: specificity of descriptive parameters.
AB  - When a brain scan is abnormal, one can often describe the abnormality in terms of
      its location, shape, sharpness, brightness, and other descriptive parameters.
      Certain types of abnormality have been linked to certain specific diagnoses: for
      example, a crescent-shaped lesion would suggest subdural hematoma to many people,
      a wedge-shaped lesion would suggest cerebral vascular accident, etc. Some
      features thought to be characteristic of certain diseases are actually quite
      nonspecific. For example, the "doughnut" sign--at first believed to be
      characteristic of brain abscess--has also been found in primary and metastatic
      tumors, CVA, and subdural hematoma. The "crescent" sign that was at first thought
      to be specific for subdural hematoma occurs also in meningitis, scalp or skull
      trauma, meningioma en plaque, etc. Some features of abnormalities are highly
      specific for certain diseases; e.g., wedge- or flame-shaped lesions are rarely
      seen with disorders other than CVA, and lesions in the midline or in the
      posterior fossa are almost invariably tumors. This article reviews the features
      of abnormalities on brain scans that in the literature have been reportedly
      associated with specific types of disease and explores the strength and validity
      of the associations.

PMID- 179760
TI  - [Odontodysplasia complicated by fibrous osteoma].

PMID- 179761
TI  - Elastase, collagenase, emphysema, and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.

PMID- 179762
TI  - Cyclic AMP and dibutyryl AMP in treatment of psoriasis.

PMID- 179763
TI  - Poly-hormonal evaluationof pulsatile adenohypophysis incretory activity during
      sleep in normal, experimental and pathologic conditions.
AB  - Secretory patterns of some anterior pituitary hormones were recorded during
      sleep, and related to EEG-phases. The same observations were carried out in
      conditions in which the normal sleep course was intentionall (i.e., repeated
      arousals, administration of tryptophan) or pathologically (i.e. chronic
      schizophrenia) modified. Plasma gonadotropins (lh, fsh), growth hormone and ACTH
      were assayed. In basal conditions, the well-known peak of HGH, which corresponds
      to the delta phase of sleep, was confirmed. This peak is strictly linked to the
      number and duration of stage 4 sleep, and follows it in its experimental and/or
      pathological disturbances. The secretion of ACTH, on the other hand, seems to be
      completely independent from the morphology of sleep. The secretion of this
      hormone is typically phasic; along with this phasic secretion, a background
      secretion is detectable, which increases steadily during the sleep span, with
      maximal values in the early morning hours. Gonadotropin secretion is pulsatile,
      episodic and completely independent from the sleep phases, in basal as well as in
      experimental and pathologic conditions.

PMID- 179764
TI  - Circadian rhythm and cell cycle: possible entraining mechanisms.
AB  - Circadian rhythms and cell cycles are endogenous self-sustained oscillations.
      They differ in several characteristics of the rhythmicity such as temperature
      dependency, reaction to external stimuli and the impact of protein synthesis. In
      multicellular organisms, the cell cycle very often is entrained by a circadian
      rhythm as has been analyzed in rats and mice, in particular. The same seems to
      hold true in cell cultures: Yoshida-ascites hepatoma cells, human embryonic
      fibroblasts, rat liver and rat hepatoma cells show circadian changes in the
      percentage of cells in G1-, S- and G2 + M-phases. The different phases within the
      cell cycle were determined by applying impulse cytophotometric methods. Some
      hypothetical mechanisms of entrainment of the cell cycle by circadian rhythms are
      discussed. Possible entrancing signals (Zeitgebers) are membrane and transport
      functions, cyclic nucleotides, nuclear non-histone proteins and their
      phosphorylation, and RNA synthesis. The maxima of the circadian rhythms of most
      of these functions in rat liver can be arranged in a certain temporal sequence.

PMID- 179765
TI  - Roles of cyclic nucleotides in platelet function.

PMID- 179766
TI  - Initial biochemical responses of platelets to stimulation.

PMID- 179767
TI  - Significance of glucose and glycogen metabolism for platelet function.

PMID- 179768
TI  - Binding of adenosine disphosphate by human platelet membrane.

PMID- 179770
TI  - Enzyme activities on the platelet surface in relation to the action of adenosine
      diphosphate.

PMID- 179769
TI  - The organelles storing 5-hydroxytryptamine in blood platelets.

PMID- 179771
TI  - Common pathways of membrane reactivity after stimulation of platelets by
      different agents.

PMID- 179772
TI  - [VIP and GIP-producing pancreatic tumour: relationship to the Verner-Morrison
      syndrome].
AB  - A 59-year-old man had explosive watery diarrhoea, tendency towards collapse,
      flushes and aphonia. Pre-operative serum concentrations of vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide (VIP) were up to 1030 ng/l, those of gastric inhibitory polypeptide
      (GIP) up to 2675 ng/l, as measured by radioimmunoassay. Cross-reaction by
      antisera used in the radioimmunoassay were excluded. Pancreatic tumour was
      diagnosed by ultrasound and by elective coeliac arteriography. After excision the
      abnormal fidings disappeared as did the symptoms. Biological half-life of plasma
      VIP (determined during removal of the tumour from plasma samples by
      radioimmunoassay) was about 45 minutes. The tumour produced both VIP and GIP.

PMID- 179773
TI  - [Late effects of tumour treatment. Structural changes in the spinal column seen
      on X-rays].
AB  - Cure rates are increasing in pediatric oncology; simultaneously the numbers of
      late effects of therapy are also increasing. 64 children with malignant
      neoplastic disease in whom the spine had been partially or totally exposed during
      X-ray treatment were re-investigated for radiographically visible irradiation
      effects on the vertebral column. 140 different abnormalties were found in 56
      children of which scolioses were the most important. Irradiation for Wilms'
      tumour produced more numerous changes than direct irradiation of the vertebral
      column. In spite of the unexpectedly high number of growth defects rigorous X-ray
      treatment is indicated in certain circumstances. The growth abnormalities were of
      only minor clinical significance.

PMID- 179774
TI  - [Atypical mononucleosis].

PMID- 179775
TI  - [Dynamics of sleep and the waking state after labyrinthine deafferentation].
AB  - The author carried out studies on Awake state and sleep (slow and paradoxal)
      after lybyrinth deafferentation. The states were evaluated by behavior, EEG,
      myogram and eye movements. The labyrinth defferentation was performed in
      combination (chemical and mechanical). Bilateral labyrinth deafferentation
      reduced the duration of the awake state from 30% to 17%, p less than 0.001. The
      slow sleep was increased at the same time but there was no statistical
      significance. The parodoxal sleep was due both to the increased number of
      episodes of parodoxal sleep and to the increased of their mean duration. The
      latent period of the first appearance of the episode of paradoxay sleep was
      shortened.

PMID- 179776
TI  - [Mechanism of action of lithium in manic-depressive psychoses: current research
      results].
AB  - The mechanism of action lithium in the treatment of manic-depressive illness is
      far from being known. A great progress will be achieved when it is known wherther
      lithium has an actual anti-depressive action, which implies to determine whether
      all the "endogenous" depressive states belong to the same pathogenic group.
      Lithium salts have a real therapeutic action on manic states which may be put
      together with the decrease of available Norepinephrine that lithium salts bring
      about on cerebral receptors. This decrease concords with the aminergic theory of
      affective disorders. Many actions of lithium salts on the physiologic systems
      have been brought to evidence but the uncertainties that remain concerning their
      interactions prevent us to formulate any coherent assumption.

PMID- 179777
TI  - Estrogen-binding parameters of cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors in an
      established rat endometrial cell line and tumor.
AB  - We have consistently found receptors for estradiol in both the cytosol and
      nuclear extracts of a rat endometrial cell line and in transplantable tumors
      derived from this cell line. The equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) and the
      rate constants for the receptor-estradiol interaction in these cells and tumors
      did not differ significantly from those of the cytosol receptor in the rat
      uterus. A mean Kd of 3 x 10(-10) M with a rate of association (Ka) of 3 x 10(5) M
      1sec-1 and a rate of dissociation (Kd) of 1.5 x 10(-5) sec-1 were obtained for
      nuclear and cytosol receptors for both tumors and cells. For uterine cytosol, a
      Kd of 8 x 10(-10) M, ka = 2.8 x 10(5) M-1sec-1 and kd = 1 x 10(-5) sec-1 were
      obtained. Although no differences were seen in equilibrium and kinetic parameters
      for estradiol-17beta binding between the nuclear and cytosol receptors of tumors
      and cells, an apparent difference in the relative affinities of nuclear and
      cytosol receptors for estrone was detected. This suggests that the binding site
      in nuclear receptors may have been modified. Implications of this observation
      with regard to receptor translocation and the mechanism of action of sex hormones
      are being considered.

PMID- 179778
TI  - 125I-LH binding to rat testes at various ages and posthypophysectomy.
AB  - Binding of 125I-LH by the rat testes was investigated during various stages of
      sexual maturation and in mature animals following hypophysectomy. Hormone binding
      per mg testicular tissue increased with age and was shown to be due to larger
      receptor concentration rather than greater binding affinity. This observation
      cannot be accounted for by changes in the relative number of Leydig cells and
      suggests, therefore, that Leydig cells acquire additional receptors during sexual
      maturation. Binding of 125I-LH to mature testes declined after hypophysectomy.
      Three days following pituitary removal the LH-receptor concentration decreased to
      one half of normal control value, then remained unchanged until the 37th post
      operation day. Replacement therapy with LH, FSH or testosterone propionate failed
      to maintain 125I-LH binding at prehypophysectomy level.

PMID- 179779
TI  - Elevation of cyclic AMP levels and adenylate cyclase activity in duodenal mucosa
      from vitamin D-deficient rats by 1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha,25
      (OH)2D3).
AB  - A single 270 ng dose of 1alpha,25-(OH2D3 rpoduced elevations in cyclic AMP
      content and adenylate cyclase activity in duodenal mucosa from previously vitamin
      D-deficient rats. No changes in jejunal or ileal cyclic AMP levels or duodenal
      cyclic GMP levels were observed. Since 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 increased both baseline
      and NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, it is possible that the vitamin
      leads to enhanced enzyme synthesis. While parallel changes in duodenal cyclic AMP
      levels and active calcium absorption in response to 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 were
      observed at 6,12,24 and 48 hr after treatment, increases in calcium absorption
      were observed at 3 hr in duodenum and at 48 hr in ileum in the absence of changes
      in cyclic AMP levels. Further studies will be required to determine whether or
      not the changes in duodenal cyclic AMP levels are direct or indirect effects of
      1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 administration, and to determine the role, if any, of this
      nucleotide in the hormones' effect on intestinal calcium absorption.

PMID- 179780
TI  - Binding of 125I-HCG by rat testis homogenates in early neonatal period.
AB  - The binding of 125I-HCG by rat testis homogenates in early neonatal period was
      studied. The specificity of this binding was demonstrated by competition of
      unlabeled HCG and LH for binding sites and by failure of such binding to occur in
      specimens obtained from control tissues. FSH and ACTH were not able to compete
      significantly for 125I-HCG binding. The HCG-LH receptor is present in the testis
      during the whole postnatal period. The uptake of 125I-HCG by the testis of young
      rat does not differ during first two weeks of life and the rise of binding occurs
      at about the third postnatal week.

PMID- 179782
TI  - Radioligand- receptor assay of LH-RH.
AB  - Characteristics of LH-RH interactions with the plasma membrane of the anterior
      pituitary were utilized to develop a radioligand- receptor assay for the
      hypothalamic decapeptide. Plasma membranes were prepared from rat adenohypophyses
      and association of 125I-LH-RH with the cell membrane was found to reach a plateau
      after 30 min incubation time. Sensitivity of the present competitive protein
      binding assay was 10 ng. The system was shown to be sensitive to structural
      changes in the LH-RH molecule. No cross-reactivity of (3--10) LH-RH, pyro-His-Trp
      SerOMe and TRH was recorded with LH-RH, whereas slight cross-reaction was
      observed for (Lys8) LH-RH and (Ala4) LH-RH showed marked cross-reaction. Although
      the present system is not sensitive enough to estimate physiological levels of LH
      RH it seems to be a valuable approach for setting up an LH-RH assay system.

PMID- 179781
TI  - Binding of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and progesterone to rat prostate
      cytosol: application of microcalorimetry.
AB  - The binding capacity of rat prostate cytosol for dihydrotestosterone,
      testosterone and progesterone was studied in vitro. The thermodynamic parameters
      obtained by microcalorimetry point to the importance of the observation of energy
      changes occuring during the hormone-receptor complex formation.

PMID- 179783
TI  - LH-RH-sensitive adenylate cyclase in isolated plasma membranes of rat
      adenohypophyses.
AB  - The adenylate cyclase system in isolated plasma membranes of rat adenohypophyses
      was studied. Formation of cAMP was found to be dependent on plasma membrane
      protein. Production of cAMP could be stimulated by the addition of LH-RH. This
      process was shown to be a function of LH-RH concentration. Basal and stimulated
      cAMP could be stimulated by NaF. The results of the present experiments suggest
      that cAMP formation is time dependent. The synthesis of cAMP is a possible
      effector of LH-RH actions.

PMID- 179784
TI  - Milk-ejecting and uterotonic activities of oxytocin analogues in rats.
AB  - The milk-ejecting activity of oxytocin analogues modified in the aminoterminal
      part of the molecule was determined in experiment on rats in vivo. As compared
      with oxytocin, the analogues did not have significantly higher milk-ejecting
      activity and there was no dissociation of the two basic oxytocin-like activities.

PMID- 179785
TI  - Effect of prolactin on LH receptor in rat luteal cells.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to determine whether prolactin might act as a
      luteotropic hormone in the rat by increasing the receptor for LH. Immature female
      rats were treated with 5 SC injections of oFSH beginning at 0900 h on day 25;
      luteinization was induced with a single SC injection of oLH at 1500 h on day 27.
      In this model, LH-receptor activity, assessed by specific binding of
      [125I]iodohCG to ovarian membrane fractions, increased steadily (greater than 7
      fold) from day 27 to day 33; specific [125I]iodoprolactin binding rose greater
      than 3-fold between days 27 and 31. Serum progesterone measured at 1500 h rose
      from greater than 10 ng/ml on day 27 to greater than 130 ng/ml on day 34. 2-Bromo
      alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154, [EC]; 35 mug) given 2 X/day beginning at the time of
      LH injection, blocked nocturnal increases in serum prolactin measured at 0200 h
      on days 29, 30, and 31, and resulted in reduced binding of [125I]iodohCG on days
      31 and 33; serum progesterone was similarly reduced on days 31 and 34 in EC
      treated rats. Simultaneous treatment with EC and prolactin completely reversed
      the effects of EC with regard to both binding of [125A]iodohCG and serum
      progesterone. Changes in ovarian uptake of [125I]iodohCG in vivo were similar to
      those of the in vitro experiments described above. EC and/or prolactin treatment
      did not affect binding of [125I]iodoprolactin. In summary, the data indicate that
      LH in the absence of prolactin can induce the formation of corpora lutea which
      have an increased number of prolactin receptors but which have a few LH receptors
      and a reduced capacity to produce progesterone. If prolactin is present during
      the early luteinization process, corpora lutea develop an increased capacity to
      bind LH and to produce progesterone. It is possible that the increase in LH
      receptor and progesterone production occur as independent events both mediated by
      the luteotropic action of prolactin. Alternatively, LH receptor might be limiting
      for LH stimulation of progesterone production.

PMID- 179786
TI  - Development of insulin and glucagon binding and the adenylate cyclase response in
      liver membranes of the prenatal, postnatal, and adult rat: evidence of glucagon
      "resistance".
AB  - Although plasma glucagon levels in the rat fetus are in the adult range, hepatic
      glycogen is present in far greater abundance in the fetus than in the adult. To
      explain this paradox, adenylate cyclase response to glucagon was studied in
      partially purified membranes of rat livers obtained throughout perinatal life and
      at 3 months of age. The adenylate cyclase response to glucagon (10(-9) M) was
      only 7% of the adult response at day 15 of fetal life and 20% on the 21st day. No
      until after the 30th day postpartum did not reach maturity. Yet, the adenylate
      cyclase response to stimulation by NaF was comparable to the adult response
      throughout fetal life. The binding of [125I]iodoglucagon (2 X 10(-9) M) by these
      membrane preparations was only 1% of the adult level at day 15 of fetal life and
      increased to 23% at the 21st day, and, like the adenylate cyclase response to
      glucagon, did not reach maturity until after the 30th day of postnatal life. In
      contrast, insulin binding on the 15th day of gestation was 11% of the adult level
      and on the 21st day 45% of the adult level, reaching adult levels by the 30th
      postnatal day. An increase in membrane-associated particles, reflecting
      intramembranous protein, was observed during prenatal life, but the mean particle
      number per mum2 reached adult levels on the 21st day of fetal life, indicating
      that subsequent changes in hormone binding were clearly independent of non
      specific changes in the number of particles. The findings suggest that the fetal
      liver is less sensitive to glucagon action than the adult liver, and that this
      glucagon "resistance" is mediated by a reduced capacity of the hepatocyte to bind
      glucagon at a time when substantial binding of insulin is demonstrable. Selective
      discrimination against glucagon may be important in promoting the anabolic
      processes required for normal fetal development.

PMID- 179787
TI  - Sex-related differences in the regulation of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor levels
      in responsive tissues of the rat.
AB  - Cytoplasmic estrogen receptors were measured in the anterior pituitary and
      hypothalamus of intact adult Holtzman male and female rats at various time
      intervals following injection of 10 mug of 17beta-estradiol. Following equivalent
      depletion of receptors at 1 h in either sex, replenishment of cytosol receptor
      levels progressed at a greater rate and to a higher level in the male than in the
      female. Cycloheximide only partially inhibited replenishment, and its blocking
      effect was similar in males and females. The administration of 5 mug of 17beta
      estradiol to adult males elicited less depletion than did 10 mug, and a
      completely cycloheximide-sensitive replenishment phase. Patterns of depletion and
      replenishment in immature rats following 0.1 mug of 17beta-estradiol were the
      same for males and females. In an analysis of the effects of neonatal
      androgenization, Charles River rats were used and it was initially demonstrated
      that no sex differences in receptor levels existed between normal males and
      females. After an injection of an androgenizing level of testosterone propionate
      on day 3 of age, a full normal complement of receptors was found in estrogen
      responsive tissues at 90--100 days of age. The functional dynamics of receptor
      depletion and replenishment under the influence of exogenous estrogen, however,
      indicated that the anterior pituitary of the androgenized female responded
      differently from that of the untreated female, and similarly to that of the male.
      The hypothalamic receptor dynamics in the male were unaltered by early androgen
      administration, but estrogen-induced depletion of receptors in the female
      hypothalamus was considerably less extensive in the androgenized animal than in
      the untreated control. Whereas cytoplasmic estrogen receptor levels are
      essentially independent of sex in the rat, the present results indicate a sex
      linked difference in the dynamics of receptor turnover in the anterior pituitary
      and hypothalamic response to 17beta-estradiol.

PMID- 179788
TI  - Androgen and estrogen receptors in brain cytosol from male, female, and
      testicular feminized (tfm/y hermaphrodite) mice.
AB  - Specific binding of [3H] 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and [3H] estradiol by
      cytoplasmic extracts from whole brain of castrated male, female, and androgen
      insensitive, testicular feminized (tfm/y male-female), mice has been investigated
      using glycerol gradient centrifugation and charcoal assay. Mouse brain cytosol
      contains macromolecules with the characteristics of steroid hormone receptors,
      binding preferentially with high-affinity androgens or estrogens. Both DHT- and
      estradiol-receptor complexes migrate at 8-9 S in gradients at low ionic strength
      and at 4-5 S in gradients containing 0.5M KCl. KD's (mean +/- SE) for DHT binding
      by brain cytosol from castrated males, females, and tfm/y male-female are 1.1 +/-
      0.4, 0.9 +/- 0.4, and 0.8 +/- 0.1 X 10(-9)M, respectively. DHT binding activity
      in brain cytosol from tfm/y male-female mice is reduced to about 20-30% of that
      from their normal littermates, as is the case for tfm/y male-female kidney
      cytosol. The residual androgen receptor in tfm/y male-female brain cytosol has
      normal sedimentation properties. Unlike the situation for androgen binding, the
      number of estradiol binding sites is comparable in brain cytosol from male,
      female, and tfm/y male-female mice. KD's (mean +/- SE) for estradiol binding are
      1.6 +/- 0.5 X 10(-10)M for castrated males, 2.4 +/- 0.4 X 10(-10)M for females,
      and 1.8 +/- 0.4 X 10(-10)M for tfm/y male-female. Cross-competition experiments
      with unlabeled estradiol, DHT, or testosterone, have shown a difference in the
      degree of specificity of the androgen and estrogen receptors, the estrogen
      receptor having considerably more specificity. For the interaction of estradiol
      with the androgen receptor, the Ki is 8-9 X 10(-9)M. The decrease in the number
      of DHT binding sites in the brain of tfm/y male-female mice without a concomitant
      decrease in estradiol binding sites, and the different specificities of the two
      sites, point to the existence of distinct androgen and estrogen receptor
      molecules in mouse brain cytosol.

PMID- 179789
TI  - Activation of thyroid adenyl cyclase by antisera to thyroid plasma membrane
      preparations.
AB  - Adenyl cyclase was assayed in a series of plasma membrane fractions prepared from
      bovine thyroids using sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The activity
      of adenyl cyclase in the plasma membranes was found to be stimulated several-fold
      by antisera raised in rabbits against the plasma membranes and by purified IgG
      prepared from these antisera. The data indicate that the antibodies to thyroid
      plasma membrane manifest properties similar to those of the immunoglobulins long
      acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) and human specific thyroid-stimulating
      immunoglobulin (HTSI) found in patients with Graves' disease. It is suggested
      that, in these patients, the antigen which leads to the production of LATS and
      HTSI is most likely situated in the thyroid plasma membrane.

PMID- 179790
TI  - Studies on the corticotrophin-releasing activity of vasopressin, using ACTH
      secretion by cultured rat adenohypophyseal cells.
AB  - CRF activity of synthetic vasopressins and pitressin was studied in an in vitro
      system of cultured rat adenohypophyseal cells using direct measurement of ACTH by
      radioimmunoassay. Pitressin (posterior pituitary extract) induced a dose-related
      secretion of ACTH whereas synthetic arginine or lysine vasopressin were devoid of
      CRF activity, even with the largest tested dose (4 mug/ml). No potentiation of
      the CRF activity of hypothalamic extract was observed with any vasopressin
      preparation studied. We concluded that: 1) the CRF activity of posterior
      pituitary extract is not due to vasopressin, and 2) the ACTH secretion induced by
      vasopressin administration in vivo is unlikely to be due to a direct effect of
      vasopressin on adenohypophyseal cells.

PMID- 179791
TI  - Studies on fast feedback mechanisms by endogenous glucocorticoids.
AB  - Negative feedback in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by exogenous
      glucocorticoids has been well established, but it is still in doubt whether ACTH
      releasing factor (CRF) activity in the hypothalamus is inhibited by endogenous
      glucocorticoids under conditions of stress. In our first experiment, CRF activity
      in the hypothalamus of rats was significantly increased, 2 min after onset of
      immobilization, for 2 min; a rapid drop of CRF activity followed immediately. On
      the other hand, the concentration of plasma corticosterone changed more slowly;
      it was increased at 5 min, and showed a progressive further increase until 17 min
      after the administration of the immobilization stress. A high plateau level
      persisted for the next 8 min, after which the concentration of plasma
      corticosterone fell, reaching the control level at 40 min. In order to test for
      negative feedback inhibition by endogenous glucocorticoids in the hypothalamic
      pituitary-adrenal axis, a 2nd immunobilization stress was administered to rats 5
      or 23 min after the 1st stress, and hypothalamic CRF activity and plasma
      corticosterone were examined after the 2nd stress. When the 2nd stress was
      applied 5 min after the start of the 1st stress, during the phase of a gradual
      increase of endogenous glucocorticoids, CRF activity was not increased 2 min
      after the 2nd stress. In contrast, an increase of CRF activity and plasma
      corticosterone was observed when the 2nd stress was administered 23 min after the
      onset of the 1st stress, during the phase of a high plateau level of endogenous
      plasma corticosterone. These data suggest that CRF activity in the hypothalamus
      is governed by a fast feedback, rate-sensitive mechanism.

PMID- 179793
TI  - Luteotropic regulation of dispersed rat luteal cells in early pregnancy.
AB  - Viable and functional luteal cells were prepared, using a combination of
      hyaluronidase, collagenase, and a low concentration of trypsin in a Dulbecco's
      modified Eagle medium containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin and 3.3 mM Ca++, from
      corpora lutea taken from 2-day pregnant rats. The viability and functional
      capacity of the dispersed cells were evaluated by electronmicroscopy and by
      measuring steroidogenic capicity during perifusion. Dispersed luteal cells
      previously exposed in vivo to biphasic prolactin (PRL) surges were found to
      respond during perifusion to as little as 0.5 ng/ml LH by increased steroid
      secretion. The net progesterone synthesis and secretion remained elevated over a
      time course of 2 1/2 hours perifusion, and the magnitude of the luteotropic
      stimulation was dose dependent on LH. However, luteotropic stimulation of LH
      could not be maintained beyond 2 1/2 h without renewed (in vitro) PRL exposure.
      PRL by itself maintained the low initial secretion rate of progesterone but
      demonstrated no stimulatory effect. Different steroidogenic responses were noted
      during the in vitro administration of LH alone and the administration of LH plus
      PRL. In the former case, the decreasing rate of progesterone secretion was
      accompanied by an increasing 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone secretion, suggesting
      that luteal 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was not suppressed. In
      the latter case, progesterone secretion was maintained and 20 alpha
      dihydroprogesterone secretion fell suggesting an inhibitory action by PRL against
      20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Dispersed luteal cells,
      preincubated at 36 C in medium containing only PRL, retained viability and
      functional capacity in response to LH-PRL stimulation for periods of time up to
      48 h. Preincubation with LH alone did not prolong cell viability.

PMID- 179792
TI  - In vitro studies on the nature of vinblastine inhibition of thyroid secretion.
AB  - The effects of vinblastine on thyroid secretion have been studied in mouse
      thyroid glands in vitro. Inhibition of the secretory response to TSH was observed
      within the first 30 min of exposure to vinblastine and was largely complete after
      1 h. Inhibition of colloid droplet formation and hormonal radioiodine release was
      comparable for both TSH and cyclic AMP stimulation. No reversal of inhibition was
      seen when thyroids exposed to vinblastine were subsequently washed 2 or 4 h in
      vinblastine free mediu, nor could previous vinblastine inhibition be overcome by
      high levels of TSH or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Ultrastructural effects of
      vinblastine (1 X 10(-5)M) were studied under conditions similar to those used to
      demonstrate inhibition of secretion. Microtubules present in thyroids incubated
      in control medium were reduced after 30 min and almost completely abolished after
      1 or 2 h exposure to vinblastine. No other reproducible structural changes were
      seen. A higher concentration of vinblastine (5 X 10(-5)M), however, produced
      lysosomal clumping and the formation of numerous vinblastine crystalloids. Uptake
      and washout of [3H]-vinblastine were studied with both phases showing fast and
      slow components. The initial uptake phase (T1/2 approximately 12 min) correlates
      well with the disappearance of microtubules and the inhibition of thyroid
      secretion. A prolonged washout component (T1/2 = 10-18 h) may account for the
      irreversibility of vinblastine inhibition of in vitro thyroid secretion. It is
      concluded that inhibition of thyroid secretion produced by vinblastine is
      consistent with its actions on thyroidal microtubules.

PMID- 179794
TI  - Water-soluble specific growth hormone binding sites from cultured human
      lymphocytes: preparation and partial characterization.
AB  - Cultured human lymphocytes (IM-9 cell line) have specific binding sites or
      receptors for human growth hormone (hGH). Under appropriate conditions, this
      specific binding material is spontaneously released into the incubation medium
      and is solubilized without the use of detergents. This water-soluble preparation
      binds [125I]iodo-hGH with the same specifictiy as receptors on the intact cell.
      Unlabeled hGH, but not porcine growth hormone or insulin, competes with labeled
      hGH for binding to the soluble preparation. Growth hormone preparations of
      varying purity compete for binding to the soluble binding preparation in the same
      rank order as they compete for binding to the intact IM-9 lymphocyte. [125I]iodo
      hGH incubated with, but not bound to, the soluble preparation is partially
      degraded, while the [125I]iodo-hGH that is bound to the soluble preparation is
      protected from degradation, and its ability to rebind to fresh cells is enhanced.
      The [125I]iodo-hGH-soluble binding preparation complex can be dissociated by the
      addition of large quantities of unlabeled hGH or by lowering the pH, and
      [125I]iodo-hGH in both instances remains intact and undegraded. The soluble
      binding preparation did not sediment when centrifuged at 200,000 X g for 4 hours
      and was not retained on 0.20 micron Millipore filters. The soluble binding
      preparation was not retarded on Sephadex G-200. Binding activity was abolished by
      tryptic digestion. These studies demonstrate that hGH-binding sites, like
      previously reported insulin binding sites, can be spontaneously solubilized from
      cultured human lymphocytes, without the use of detergents; these soluble binding
      preparations are of high molecular weight and are, at least in part, protein in
      nature.

PMID- 179795
TI  - Effects of parathyroid hormone in vivo on the protein kinase activity in rat
      kidney.
AB  - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was infused into thyroparathyroidectomized rats, and
      the protein kinase activity of the kidney was studied. When the tissue was
      homogenized in a buffer containing 5 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.0), 2 mM EDTA,
      1 mM mercaptoethanol, and 5 mM theophylline, the total protein kinase activity
      (measured in the presence of 5 muM cAMP) in the cytosol was decreased by the
      infusion of PTH, exhibiting an inverse relationship to cAMP level in the renal
      tissue. The decrease of total activity was accounted for by a decrease of cAMP
      dependent kinase activity, and such a change was induced also by the infusion of
      calcitonin or dibutyryl cAMP. A substantial enzyme activity was solubilized from
      the particulate fraction with a buffer containing KC1. The infusion of PTH
      increased the kinase activity (activities measured in both the presence and
      absence of cAMP) solubilized from the particulate fraction, suggesting the
      translocation of activated enzyme from cytosol to some particulate cell
      component(s). However, when KC1 was added to the homogenization buffer in
      concentrations up to 150 mM or even higher, the total protein kianse activities
      in the cytosols of control and PTH rats were similar and there was simply an
      increase in the fraction of cAMP -independent activity. These observations
      indicate that the hormonally-induced increase of cAMP in vivo activates protein
      kinase of the kidney, and the activation of kinase results in apparent
      translocation of the enzyme from the soluble to the particulate fraction when the
      tissue is homogenized in buffers of low ionic strength. The physiological
      significance of this phenomenon, however, cannot be evaluated, due to the fact
      that the increased association of activated kinase with particulate component(s)
      is reversed by employing a homogenization buffer containing what is probably a
      physiological concentration of salt.

PMID- 179796
TI  - Daily variation in concentration of plasma corticosteroid in hypophysectomized
      rats.
AB  - A daily variation in the concentration of plasma corticosteroid hormone is
      present in hypophysectomized rats implanted with pellets of adrenocorticotropic
      hormone (ACTH) and thyroxine. Although ACTH is necessary to maintain a functional
      adrenal, and thyroxine is required to permit the expression of the plasma
      corticosteroid rhythm, a normal daily variation in plasma corticosteroid
      concentration does not appear to depend on the periodic release of pituitary
      hormones.

PMID- 179797
TI  - Possible sequential transformation of a series of acidophils in the pituitary
      autografts in the renal capsule of male rats in association with ACTH cell.
AB  - In our electron microscopy, acidiphils in the pituitary autografts placed in the
      renal capsules of immature male rats underwent a sequential transformation with
      the lapse of time: Within 3 and 6 days, all the somaotrophs packed with the large
      granules of about 350 mmu diameter dispersed. The size and number of the granules
      in somatotrophs were quickly and markedly reduced with severe modification of
      cell shape. There was evidence during this time course that Siperstein's or
      Moriarty's corticotrophs might be synonymous with the stellate shape of
      acidophils with the arrangement of small granules 150-200 mmu in diameter along
      the cell acidophils. The "acidophils of the small granule type" possibly related
      to ACTH production according to Yoshimura et al. (1974) were frequently detected
      in the grafts as elongated or irregularly shaped cells. Their minute granules 100
      150 mmu in diameter were also distributed in row in the cytoplasmic peripheral
      area. Gradual loss of the minute  granules below 100 mmu in diameter eventually
      made the acidophils to transform into agranular cells. Our own idea that ACTH
      secretion might correlate with a series of cells transforming along the acidophil
      axis was indirectly supported by the present observation on pituitary grafts. On
      the other hand, basophils rapidly degenerated and died away. Ten and 20 days
      after autografting, the graft cells which might be principally composed of the
      cells of acidophil origin enormously proliferated through mitotic division,
      showing the homologous fine structure, without the normal cell individuality.
      They always contained three different size and shape of granules simulataneously.
      Significance of such a rapid and strong response of acidophils to the ectopic
      replacement in the immature male rats was discussed from the view-point of
      hypothalamic regulation to simple protein hormones.

PMID- 179798
TI  - Reduction of 5'-nucleotidase activity in rat thyroid and adenohypophysis
      following methylthiouracil treatment.
AB  - 5' -Nucleotidase activity was determined in rat thyroid and some other organs
      employing a specific assay method. During the course of methylthiouracil (MTU)
      treatment, thyroid 5'-nucleotidase activity decreased significantly. This
      decrease was specific for this enzyme since the activity of neutral phosphatase
      did not change and the activity of alkaline phosphatase and Mg2+-activated
      adenosine triphosphatase increased markedly. The 5'-nucleotidase activity of the
      adenohypophysis also decreased following MTU treatment. This enzyme activity of
      the liver, heart and whole brain remained unchanged after the treatment. The role
      of this enzyme was discussed in relation to tissue growth and increased contents
      of RNA and DNA in the thyroid and adenohypophysis.

PMID- 179799
TI  - Role of sodium and potassium in aldosterone binding of kidney receptors in the
      rat.
AB  - An increase of the sodium concentration produced a diminished binding of labeled
      aldosterone to kidney receptors in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. The
      elevation of potassium level did not change the binding capacity of kidney
      nuclear receptors for aldosterone. Hypernatraemia-induced decrease of aldosterone
      uptake was significant in the nuclear fraction of both medullary and cortical
      region of the kidney but did not show remarkable changes in the uptake of cytosol
      fraction. The transfer of aldosterone from cytosol into the nuclear compartment
      seems to be changed by the alteration of extracellular sodium concentration.

PMID- 179800
TI  - Steroid production by quartered and capsular rat adrenal gland in response to
      haemorrhage.
AB  - 60 min after rapid bleeding (1.5--2.0 per cent of b. w.) both aldosterone and
      corticosterone production rate by quartered rat adrenals were found to be
      elevated. However, no difference was observed in the rate of aldosterone and
      corticosterone production by capsular adrenals of sham operated and hypovolaemic
      rats. Corticosterone production rate by decapsulated adrenals was much more
      higher after haemorrhage than in the control group. The same alterations could be
      observed incubating adrenal tissue with ACTH (0.3 mug per ml). Steroid production
      rate by quartered adrenals of sodium deficient rats was not affected by high in
      vitro concentration of angiotensin II (2.5 mug per ml). It is concluded that the
      effect of acute blood loss on corticosteroid biosynthesis of the rat is mediated
      by ACTH alone.

PMID- 179801
TI  - Hormone receptor studies on frog macrophage cells by means of histamine,
      serotonin and indoleacetic acid.
AB  - The phagocytotic activity of frog macrophage cells could be increased by 50% with
      histamine and by 24% with serotonin. These hormones have a similar effect at the
      various stages of phylogenetic development, to judge from the respective
      responses of the unicellular Tetrahymena which showed roughly the same percentual
      increases of phagocytosis as frog macrophages at roughly the same hormone
      concentrations. It is concluded that cytoplasmic membrane receptor patterns for a
      given function do not change in the course of phylogenetic development and the
      receptors have a capacity for selection, preferring histamine to serotonin, and
      the latter to the chemically closely related plant hormone indoleacetic acid.

PMID- 179802
TI  - Sex specific oestrogen binding in the middle hypothalamus of rats.

PMID- 179803
TI  - The role of the adrenal gland in the lipid accumulation process in the liver of
      rats bearing an acth and prolactin producing tumor.
AB  - The role of the adrenal glands in the development of fatty liver was investigated
      in rats bearing a transplantable pituitary mammotropic tumor which produces large
      quantities of ACTH and prolactin. The biochemical and histochemical and
      histochemical evidence obtained has demonstrated that the adrenal glands,
      particularly glucocorticoids, are essential for lipid accumulation in the liver
      of rats with tumor.

PMID- 179805
TI  - Undifferentiated patterns of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in injured
      livers. II. Human viral hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver.
AB  - Activities of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes were determined on biopsied
      liver tissues obtained from patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis and
      postnecrotic cirrhosis of the liver. The results indicated that the activities of
      fetal or prototype enzymes, low-Km hexokinases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      and pyruvate kinase type M2 increased, while those of adult type liver enzymes,
      glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase and pyruvate
      kinase type L decreased in livers of these cases. Phosphofructokinase activity
      tended to increase only acute hepatitis. Principal component analysis revealed
      that the enzyme patterns of acute hepatitis and liver cirrhosis were most
      deviated from the control and closely resembled those of hepatocellular
      carcinomas.

PMID- 179804
TI  - Protective value of dietary copper and iron against some toxic effects of lead in
      rats.
AB  - Both dietary iron and copper were inversely related to lead absorption as
      indicated by erythrocyte and kidney lead levels, dietary iron having the greatest
      effect. Kidney copper values were depressed when dietary iron was low, a
      condition which was worsened by lead. Lead tended to lower heart cytochrome c
      oxidase especially when dietary copper was low, but also when dietary copper and
      zinc were high. Lead interfered with hematopoiesis when dietary copper and/or
      iron were low, the effect being expecially severe when both essential nutrients
      were low. These results show the importance of copper and iron nutriture and
      metabolism as factors which reduce lead toxicity, and emphasize the necessity of
      considering nutritional status in evaluating lead toxicity.

PMID- 179806
TI  - Factors influencing the establishment of the normal values of the respiratory
      activities of human liver mitochondria.
AB  - Some factors that influence the values of respiratory activities of liver
      mitochondria isolated from surgical biopsy specimens have been studied. By
      sedimentating of mitochondria at a lower centrifugal force (5,500 g) than usually
      used for rat liver mitochondria, and washing the mitochondrial pellet twice, the
      contamination with lysosomes and microsomes was lowered. At 37 degrees C, and in
      the presence of hexokinase and glucose, the oxygen uptake was greater than at 25
      degrees C and in their absence. The respiratory control was good and the
      respiratory activities were rather stable during the first 3-4 h after isolation.
      The respiratory activities of mitochondria isolated from patients with duodenal
      or gastric ulcers, biliary diseases, and subjects with no digestive diseases (all
      having normal liver) were compared. Differences in oxygen uptake and acceptor
      control index values with some substrates were noted. The conditions for
      selection of controls in studies on subcellular fractions of human liver include:
      absence of any hepatic antecedents; no clinical evidence of liver involvement; no
      abnormality in routine liver function tests; a histologic aspect free of
      pathological conditions, and a normal aspect of the tissue during the
      homogenization and the fractionation procedure (absence of steatosis or
      fibrosis). These data provide a basis for the standardization of methods in
      establishing the reference values of mitochondrial activities for the
      modifications in a variety of diseases.

PMID- 179807
TI  - Plastocyanin: possible significance of quaternary structure.
AB  - Some properties of the blue copper protein plastocyanin from the green alga
      Scenedesmus have been investigated and compared with that from spinach, including
      amino acid composition, isoelectric point and copper content. The protein from
      Scenedesmus contains two, that from spinach four copper atoms per molecular
      weight of 40000. A combination of sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and quantification of sulfhydryl groups indicates a strong
      preference for a species composed of 4 polypeptide chains of identical amino acid
      composition representing the enzymically active entity. Due to various treatments
      the subunits of both plastocyanins are detected as either monomer species alone
      or as monomer and dimer in a molar ratio of 2 : 1 on sodium dodecylsulfate gels.
      The four -SH groups per molecule are of different reactivity: two -SH groups can
      be detected after destruction of the chromophore; two more (forming an S-S bridge
      in the dimer) become evident after appropriate reduction. A KCN treatment for
      production of apoprotein is reported and the use of electrodialysis to improve
      incomplete apoprotein formation. These studies lend support to the proposal of a
      quaternary structure. Apoproteins were subjected to dodecylsulfate gel analysis,
      which proved to be an effective means of estimating both the extent of apoprotein
      formation and its reconstitution to the haloprotein.

PMID- 179808
TI  - The influence of insulin on various enzyme activities in human and rat hepatoma
      cells.
AB  - 1. Incubation of human and rat hepatoma cells with insulin (1 mU/10(6) cells)
      decreases their content of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate by more than half after
      1 h and by about a quarter after 4 h. 2. The activities of the ATP-metabolising
      enzymes, adenylate kinase and Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase are significantly
      increased by insulin within 1 h and after 4 h. Activity of succinate
      dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase showed no change at either time interval.
      3. Insulin markedly stimulated glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity within
      1 h but by 4 h the increase was less apparent. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity
      by contrast was not increased by 1 h but was elevated at 4 h.

PMID- 179809
TI  - The prosthetic group of citrate-lyase acyl-carrier protein.
AB  - The acyl carrier protein of citrate lyase contains adenine, phosphate, sugar,
      cysteamine, beta-alanine and pantoic acid in a molar ratio of 1:2:2:1:1:1.
      Peptides containing these components in the same stoichiometric relationship were
      isolated after proteolytic digestion of acyl carrier protein. All components were
      linked together in a single prosthetic group. This was released from the peptide
      by mild alkaline hydrolysis. Under these conditions a phosphodiester bond is
      cleaved which links the prosthetic group to a serine residue of the peptide.
      Incubation of the prosthetic-group-containing peptide with phosphodiesterase I
      yielded 4'-phosphopantetheine and adenylic acid. The 5'-AMP was not free but was
      substituted by presumably an acidic sugar residue, which was released by mild
      acid hydrolysis yielding free 5'-AMP. It was concluded from these results that
      the prosthetic group of citrate lyase acyl carrier protein consists of a
      substituted isomeric dephospho-CoA. This is bound to the protein by the 5'
      phosphate group of adenylic acid. The 4'-phosphopantetheine residue is bound by a
      phosphodiester linkage to the 2' or 3' position of ribose and the remaining
      hydroxyl group of ribose is substituted with presumably an acidic sugar residue.
      The structural similarities of this prothetic group and coenzyme A are discussed
      and related to the catalytic properties of citrate lyase.

PMID- 179810
TI  - Phosphatidic acid metabolism in rat liver microsomes.
AB  - Rat liver microsomes contain phosphatidate phosphatases which split phosphatidic
      acid into inorganic phosphate and diacylglycerol and a system of phospholipases
      and lipases, which split phosphatidic acid into free fatty acids, glycerol and
      inorganic phosphate. In the presence of ATP,CoA and [1-14C]palmitate, part of the
      monoacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate formed by phospholipase action is reesterified,
      yielding radioactive phosphatidic acid. The sum of di- and triacylglycerols
      formed from phosphatidic acid in the presence of ATP and CoA exceeded the amount
      of diacylglycerol formed in their absence. The yield of neutral lipids from sn
      glycerol 3-phosphate and monoacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate markedly exceeded that
      from phosphatidic acid. Comparison of the yields of di- and triacylglcerols from
      glycerol-labelled and fatty-acid-labelled phosphatidic acid was used to establish
      the extent of deacylation and reacylation. About 60% of the diacylglycerol was
      formed by direct dephosphorylation. The triacylglycerols, on the other hand, were
      formed almost exclusively from recycled phosphatidic acid.

PMID- 179812
TI  - Preparation and properties of 3-halopyridine--adenine dinucleotides, NAD+
      analogues and model compounds.
AB  - The preparation of model compounds 1-(2',6'-dichlorobenzyl)-3-halogenopyridinium
      and the study of their properties were achieved. Their chemical reduction to the
      corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines is proved by spectroscopic analysis. 3
      Iodopyridine--adenine dinucleotide was prepared by enzymic transglycosidation
      while the 3-chloro, 3-bromo and 3-iodo pyridine--adenine dinucleotides were
      synthesized from 3-amino-pyridine--adenine dinucleotide. The 3-halogenopyridine-
      adenine dinucleotides were proved to be active as hydrogen acceptors with alcohol
      as a substrate. The absorption band at 290 nm of cinnamaldehyde appeared to be a
      very sensitive tool for studying the enzymic reaction. With the alcohol
      dehydrogenase from yeast, only slight activity was detected. 3-Halogenopyridine-
      adenine dinucleotides are competitive inhibitors with respect to nicotinamide-
      adenine dinucleotide with alcohol dehydrogenase from yeast, lactate dehydrogenase
      and malate dehydrogenase. The use of 3-iodopyridine--adenine dinucleotide as a
      heavy-atom derivative for X-ray structure determination is proposed.

PMID- 179811
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of site I energy conservation.
AB  - 1. Of the several iron-sulfur centers detected in the site I segment of the
      respiratory chain, centers N-2 and N-1a alone exhibit apparent phosphate
      potential dependent half-reduction potentials, indicating their possible
      involvement in energy conservation. 2. At high phosphate potential, the apparent
      half-reduction potential of center N-2 shifts positively by 125 +/- 20 mV, while
      center N-1a shifts negatively by approximately 60 mV. 3. The redox state of
      individual iron-sulfur centers in various metabolic states was analyzed. Center N
      2 is highly reduced (greater than 90%) in "state 4" mitochondria, while center N
      1a stays mostly oxidized. 4. In a submitochondrial system, ATP addition induced
      reduction of center N-2 if the Eh of the suspension was poised from the high
      potential side of site I using the succinate/fumarate couple. In contrast, center
      N-2 was oxidized upon energization, if the Eh of the system was poised from the
      low potential side using the NADH/NAD couple. 5. Based on these redox behaviors
      of center N-2, a tentative hypothesis of site I energy transduction was proposed.

PMID- 179813
TI  - Metallocytochromes c: characterization of electronic absorption and emission
      spectra of Sn4+ and Zn2+ cytochromes c.
AB  - Tin (Sn4+) and zinc (Zn2+) derivatives of horse heart cytochrome c have been
      prepared and their optical spectra have been characterized. Zinc cytochrome c has
      visible absorption maxima at 549 and 585 nm and Soret absorption at 423 nm. Tin
      cytochrome c shows visible absorption maxima at 536 and 574 nm and Soret
      absorption at 410 nm. Unlike iron cytochrome c in which the emission spectrum of
      the porphyrin is almost completely quenched by the central metal, the zinc and
      tin derivatives of cytochrome c are both fluorescent and phosphorescent. The
      fluorescence maxima of zinc cytochrome c are at 590 and 640 nm and the
      fluorescence lifetime is 3.2 ns. The fluorescence maxima of Sn cytochrome are at
      580 and 636 nm and the fluorescence lifetime is under 1 ns. The quantum yield of
      fluorescence is Zn greater than Sn while the quantum yield of phosphorescence is
      Sn greater than Zn. at 77 K the fluorescence and phosphorescence emission spectra
      of Sn and Zn cytochrome c show evidence of resolution into vibrational bands. The
      best resolved bands occur at frequency differences 750 cm-1 and 1540--1550 cm-1
      from the O-O transition. These frequencies correspond with those obtained by
      resonance Raman spectroscopy for in-plane deformations of the porphyrin
      macrocycle.

PMID- 179814
TI  - Specific interactions of 3-phosphoglyceroyl-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase with coenzymes.
AB  - The binding of oxidized and reduced coenzyme (NAD+ and NADH) to 3
      phosphoglyceroyl-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase has been studied
      spectrophotometrically and fluorimetrically. The binding of NAD+ to the acylated
      sturgeon enzyme is characterized by a significant quenching of the enzyme
      fluorescence (about 25%) and the induction of a difference spectrum in the
      ultraviolet absorbance region of the enzyme. Both of these spectroscopic
      properties are quantitatively distinguishable from those of the corresponding
      binary enzyme-NAD+ complex. Binding isotherms estimated by gel filtration of the
      acylated enzyme are in close agreement to those obtained by spectrophotometric
      and fluorimetric titrations. Up to four NAD+ molecules are bound to the enzyme
      tetramer. No anticooperativity can be detected in the binding of oxidized
      coenzyme, which is well described on the basis of a single class of four binding
      sites with a dissociation constant of 25 muM at 10 degrees C, pH 7.0. The binding
      of NADH to the acylenzyme has been characterized spectrophotometrically. The
      absorption band of the dihydronicotinamide moiety of the coenzyme is blue-shifted
      to 335 nm with respect to free NADH. In addition, a large hypochromicity (23%) is
      observed together with a significant increase of the bandwidth at half height of
      this absorption band. This last property is specific to the acylenzyme-DADH
      complex, since it disappears upon arsenolysis of the acylenzyme. The binding
      affinity of NADH to the acylated enzyme has been estimated by performing
      simultaneous spectrophotometric and fluorimetric titrations of the NADH
      appearance upon addition of NAD+ to a mixture of enzyme and excess glyceraldehyde
      3-phosphate. In contrast to NAD+, the reduced coenzyme NADH appears to be
      relatively strongly bound to the acylated enzyme, the dissociation constant of
      the acylenzyme-NADH complex being estimated as 2.0 muM at 25 degrees C. In
      addition a large quenching of the NADH fluorescence (about 83%) is observed. The
      comparison of the dissociation constants of the coenzyme-acylenzyme complexes and
      the corresponding Michaelis constants suggests a reaction mechanism of the enzyme
      in which significant formation and dissociation of NAD+-acylenzyme and NADH
      acylenzyme complexes occur. Under physiological conditions the activity of the
      enzyme can be regulated by the ratio of oxidized and reduced coenzymes. Possible
      reasons for the lack of anticooperativity in coenzyme binding to the acylated
      form of the enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 179815
TI  - Interaction of apoprotein from porcine high-density lipoprotein with dimyristoyl
      lecithin. 1. The structure of the complexes.
AB  - The morphology and structural organisation of the complexes formed from the
      apoprotein of porcine high-density lipoprotein and dimyristoyl
      phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) have been studied using the technique of small
      angle X-ray scattering. Scattering measurements made in solvents of varying
      electron density were interpreted in terms of a scattering-equivalent model for
      the structure of the complex. This model is described by an oblate ellipsoidal
      morphology with dimensions at 20 degrees C: major axis 11.0 nm, minor axis 5.5
      nm. Within this overall shape the lipid hydrocarbon chains are organised in an
      apolar core whilst the lipid polar head groups and protein are located in a outer
      shell 0.85 nm in thickness. The oblate morphology demonstrates that the structure
      of the complex is directed by the fundamental bilayer organisation of the
      lecithin. The dimension of the minor axis (5.5 nm) indicates that phospholipid
      hydrocarbon chains are orientated perpendicular to the interface.

PMID- 179816
TI  - Interaction of apoprotein from porcine high-density lipoprotein with dimyristoly
      lecithin. 2. Nature of lipid-protein interaction.
AB  - The detailed molecular structure of the complex formed by the apoprotein from
      porcine high density lipoprotein and dimyristoly phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)
      has been investigated by a range of physical techniques. The complex, an oblate
      ellipsoid with major axis 11.0 nm and minor axis 5.5 nm (see the accompanying
      paper), is comprised of a section of lecithin bilayer with apoprotein at the
      surface. The main site of interaction between protein and lipid is in the lipid
      glycerophosphorylcholine group region; as with native high density lipoprotein
      the surface of the particle consists of a mosaic of lecithin polar groups and
      protein. The formation of this mosaic reduces the cooperativity of the lecithin
      chain motions and changes the curvature of the lipid-water interface, as compared
      to a bilayer. Otherwise, there are no major changes in lecithin motions
      indicating that no strong binding of lipid to protein occurs. The interaction
      involves the intercalation of amphipathic, 60% alpha-helical, apoprotein
      molecules among the lecithin molecules so that the protein residues at the lipid
      water interface. The apoprotein has a high affinity for the lipid-water interface
      but specific lipid-protein interactions are not involved.

PMID- 179817
TI  - Properties of enzyme fraction A from Chlorella and copurification of 3' (2'), 5'
      biphosphonucleoside 3' (2')-phosphohydrolase, adenosine 5'phosphosulfate
      sulfohydrolase and adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate cyclase activities.
AB  - Enzyme fraction A from Chlorella which catalyzes the formation of adenosine 5'
      phosphosulfate from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate is further
      characterized. Fraction A is found to contain an Mg2+ -activated and Ca2+ 
      inhibited 3' (2')-nucleotidase specific for 3' (2'), 5'-biphosphonucleosides.
      This activity has been named 3' (2), 5'-biphosphonucleoside 3' (2')
      phosphohydrolase. The A fraction is also found to contain an activity which
      catalyzes the formation of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) from
      adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate cyclase). Under the same
      conditions of assay, 5'-ATP and 5'-ADP are not substrated for cyclic AMP
      formation. Unlike the 3' (2'), 5'-biphosphonucleoside 3' (2')-phosphohydrolase
      activity, the adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate cyclase activity does not require Mg2+,
      requires NH+4 or Na+, and is not inhibited by Ca2+. The A fraction also contains
      an adenosine 5'-phospho sulfate sulfohydrolase activity which forms 5'-AMP and
      sulfate. The three activities remain together during purification and acrylamide
      gel electrophoresis of the purified preparation yields a pattern where only one
      protein band has all three activities. The phosphohydrolase can be separated from
      the other two activities by affinity chromatography on agarose-hexyl-adenosine
      3'n5'-bisphosphate yielding a phosphohydrolase preparation showing a single band
      on gel electrophoresis. The adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate cyclase may provide an
      alternate route of cyclic AMP formation from sulfate via ATP sulfurylase, but its
      regulatory significance in Chlorella, if any, remains to be demonstrated. In
      sulfate reduction, the phosphohydrolase may serve to provide a readily utilized
      pool of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate as needed by the adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate
      sulfotransferase. The cyclase and sulfohydrolase activities would be regarded as
      side reactions incidental to this pathway, but may be of importance in other
      metabolic and regulatory reactions.

PMID- 179818
TI  - Arginyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast. Purification and some properties.
AB  - Arginyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain 836)
      was obtained pure by a large-scale preparative method, which involves four
      chromatographic columns and one preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic
      step. The enzyme has a high specific activity (9000 U/mg) and consists of a
      single polypeptide chain of molecular weight approximately 73000 as determined by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate.
      Amino acid analysis of the enzyme permitted calculation of the absorption
      coefficient of arginyl-tRNA synthetase (A(1 mg/ml 280 nm)=1.26). Concerning
      kinetic parameters of the enzyme we found the following Km values: 0.28 muM, 300
      muM, 1.5 muM for tRNA(Arg III), ATP and arginine in the aminoacylation reaction,
      and 1400 muM, 2.5 muM, and 50 muM for ATP, arginine and PP(i) in the ATP-PP(i)
      exchange reaction. Arginyl-tRNA synthetase required tRNA(Arg III) to catalyse the
      ATP-PP(i) exchange reaction.

PMID- 179819
TI  - Electron-spin-resonance studies of a chlorpromazine derivative bound to DNA
      fibres.
AB  - Solutions of DNA, spin-labelled with the radical cation of chlorpromazine, were
      used to produce oriented species of fibres pulled from a gel obtained by
      ultracentrifugation. The electron spin resonance spectra, recorded at X and Q
      band frequencies, are given for both gel and fibres; 14N hyperfine coupling
      parameters were obtained by computer fitting. The spectra are explained in terms
      of a strongly immobilized label having one principal hyperfine tensor axis
      parallel to the axis of the DNA helix, and the preferential orientation of the
      chlorpromazine ions with their planes perpendicular to the DNA helical axis.

PMID- 179821
TI  - The cytochrome bc1 complex of yeast mitochondria. Isolation and partial
      characterization of the cytochrome bc1 complex and cytochrome b.
AB  - We have isolated the cytochrome bc1 complex and some of its constituent
      polypeptides from bakers yeast and have studied its spectroscopy, electrophoresis
      and amino acid analysis. The isolated complex contained 6 mumol of b heme and
      approximately 3 mumol of c1 heme per g of protein. The electron paramagnetic
      resonance spectrum was similar to that of the beef-heart preparation. The complex
      consisted of 7 polypeptides with mobilities on sodium dodecylsulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis corresponding to Mr 44,000, 40,000, 32,000,
      32,000, 17,000, 14,000 and 11,000. One of the polypeptides with Mr 32,000 was
      identified on sodium dodecylsulphate gels as cytochrome c1 by porphyrin
      fluorescence. Cytochrome b was isolated from the complex by treating it with
      guanidine hydrochloride; it had a purity of 20 mumol per g of protein and
      consisted of a polypeptide with Mr 32,000 plus two minor bands with Mr 14,000 and
      11,000. We have isolated the polypeptide of Mr 32,000 from cytochrome b and the
      polypeptides of Mr 44,000 and 40,000 ("core proteins") from the complex, both by
      preparative sodium dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis and determined their amino
      acid composition. Only the b polypeptide of Mr 32,000 shows the low proportion of
      polar amino acid residues that is considered typical of membrane proteins.

PMID- 179820
TI  - Partial purification and some properties of oxalacetase from Aspergillus niger.
AB  - 1. Oxalacetase from Asperigillus niger was found to be an inducible enzyme, the
      induction being dependent not only on neutralisation of the acidic growth medium
      but also on the presence of carbonate. An explanation is proposed. 2. Three
      methods were established for the quantitative determination of oxalacetase
      activity. These are based on the determination of the product acetate, on the
      absorbance of oxaloacetate and on coupling the hydrolysis of oxaloacetate to the
      oxidation of malate by NAD in the presence of malate dehydrogenase. 3.
      Oxalacetase was purified about 50-fold from cell-free extracts of A. niger and
      used to determine some of its properties such as kinetic constants. 4. 2S-[U-14C,
      3-2H2] Malate in the presence of oxalacetase, NAD and malate dehydrogenase was
      partially converted to acetate and oxalate. The 3H/14C ratio of the isolated
      acetate was nearly twice as high as that of the malate used initially. The result
      demonstrates that the keto form of oxaloacetate, not the enol, is the substrate
      of the enzyme. 5. Equimolecular mixtures of 2S, 3S-[3-2H1] malate + 2S-[2-2H1]
      malate (mixture 1) and 2S, 3R-[3-2H1, 3H1] malate + 2S, 3R-[2-2H1, 3-3H1] malate
      (mixture 2) were prepared from 2S-[3-3H2] malate by incubation with fumarase in
      normal and tritiated water, respectively. The isolated mixture 1, in the presence
      of oxalacetase, NAD and malate dehydrogenase was incubated in tritiated water for
      formation of acetate and oxalate; the isolated mixture 2 was treated likewise in
      normal water. 6. The mixtures of symmetrically labelled [3H1] acetate and chiral
      acetates thus produced were isolated and the configuration of the [3H1, 3H1]
      acetate specimens was determined in the sequence acetate leads to malate leads to
      fumarate, as usual. The [2H1, 3H1] acetate derived from 2S, 3S-[3-2H1] malate
      (present in mixture 1( yielded a malate which on incubation with fumarase
      retained 65.0% of its total tritium content. This chiral acetate, therefore, had
      the R configuration. The [2H1, 3H1] acetate derived from 2S, 3R-[2-2H1, 3-3H1]
      malate produced a malate which retained 35% of its total tritium content, and
      therefore had the S configuration. 7. It was concluded that the detachment of the
      oxaloyl residue from oxaloacetate and its replacement by a proton proceed with
      inversion of configuration at the methylene group which becomes methyl during the
      hydrolysis.

PMID- 179822
TI  - Cushing's syndrome or obesity. Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in a boy 10 years of
      age.
AB  - A rare case of the Cushing syndrome, due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia is
      described. Because of generalized obesity, normal height, normal bone age and
      family history of obesity, a boy 10 years of age had at first been misdiagnosed
      as simple obesity. A reduction in height velocity, advancement of bone age and
      development of precocious pseudopuberty led to a more detailed biochemical
      investigation and to the correct diagnosis. The clinical picture can be
      misleading in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's disease versus simple
      obesity. From a comparison of reports on pediatric Cushing's syndrome, it is
      obvious that in most pediatric cases fat distribution differs from that of adult
      Cushing's syndromes. Stunted growth is reported to be more frequent, but normal
      and excessive height in Cushing's syndrome is not uncommon. In adrenal
      hyperplasia a retardation of bone age is usually expected. Interpretation of
      endocrine functions must take into account that simple obesity leads to secondary
      endocrinopathies, which are similar to the findings in Cushing's syndromes.
      Plasma cortisol at midnight and 12 hourly excretion of free cortisol in urine as
      well as overnight Dexamethasone suppression of morning plasma cortisol are judged
      to be good screening parameters. Plasma ACTH assays can help in the initial
      diagnosis and are mandatory during the follow up for an early detection of
      Nelson's syndrome.

PMID- 179824
TI  - Positive chronotropic effect of dialysable peptides derived from plasmin
      digestion of bovine fibrinogen preparations.
AB  - Low-molecular weight dialysable peptides, obtained by plasmin degradation of
      purified bovine fibrinogen preparations, have been shown to increase the
      chronotropic activity of isolated rat atria. This effect was dose dependent and
      was inhibited by inhibitors of glycolysis (NaF and 2-deoxy-D-glucose), but not by
      an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (2, 4-dinitrophenol). Propranolol, a
      beta-blocking agent, was also ineffective. Fibrinogen-derived peptides increased
      both cAMP levels and phosphorylase alpha activity in stimulated atria. The
      increase of these parameters was transitory and appeared to precede the
      occurrence of the positive chronotropic effect. In the test situation used, the
      biochemical and functional modifications induced by fibrinogen-derived peptides
      were similar to those induced by glucagon.

PMID- 179823
TI  - Intrathecal cytostatic chemotherapy of meningitis carcinomatosa. Clinical
      manifestation and cerebrospinal fluid cytology in a case of metastatic carcinoma
      of the breast.
AB  - Effects of intrathecal cytostatic chemotherapy on the clinical symptoms and
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings are being demonstrated in a case of metastatic
      carcinoma of the breast with sighns of meningeal irritation and cranial nerve
      involvement. Clinical symptoms disappeared after repeated intrathecal
      applications of methotrexate. CSF cell counts were reverted to normal but tumor
      cells were found to be persistant in CSF over a period of 19 months. Risks of
      combined intrathecal and systemic cytostatic therapy and possible effects of
      parenteral citrovorum factor applications are being discussed. The importance of
      continued intrathecal chemotherapy and of regular and thorough examination of CSF
      cells in meningitis carcinomatosa is emphasized. Cytological methods included
      investigations on viable CSF cells.

PMID- 179826
TI  - A noradren aline sensitive adenylate cyclase in the rat limbic forebrain:
      preparation, properties and the effects of agonists, adrenolytics and neuroleptic
      drugs.
AB  - A method for the preparation of a noradrenaline sensitive adenylate cyclase from
      homogenates of the rat 'limbic' forebrain is described using Krebs--Ringer as the
      homogenising medium. Some of its properties resemble those reported previously by
      other workers, using slices. Its response to agonists show that it has the
      characteristics of a beta1-receptor i.e. the potency of 1-isoprenaline exceeds
      that of 1-noradrenaline which exceeds that of 1-adrenaline. Structure--activity
      analysis of the response of the adenylate cyclase to a range of adrenergic
      agonists shows a strict requirement for a catechol moiety and a beta-hydroxyl
      group. The activation of the enzyme by 1-noradrenaline is sensitive to
      stereoselective inhibition by 1-propranolol. The effect of a number of
      neuroleptic drugs was examined. Promazine was the most effective agent tested in
      antagonising the stimulation produced by 50 muM 1-noradrenaline, whilst the
      potent dopamine receptor antagonist, alpha-flupenthixol was only weakly active.
      Furthermore, there was no stereoselectivity in the antagonism produced by alpha-
      and beta-siomers of flupenthixol. Pimozide was not found to be a potent
      antagonist. Thus the spectrum of antagonism produced by neuroleptic drugs was
      quite different from that seen in the dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase of the
      rat corpus striatum.

PMID- 179825
TI  - Biochemical and mechanical effects of phenylephrine on the heart.
AB  - Injections of phenylephrine into isolated perfused guinea pig hearts increased
      cyclic AMP and phosphorylase a. Reserpine pretreatment or propranolol decreased
      or abolished the phenylephrine-induced biochemical changes without affecting the
      contractile response. Phentolamine, on the other hand, shifted the phenylephrine
      dose-response curve for contractility to the right without affecting the other
      parameters. The biochemical effects of phenylephrine are apparently due to the
      release of noradrenaline while the contractile effect is mediated directly
      through stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 179827
TI  - Alterations in splanchnic cyclic nucleotide levels in splanchnic artery occlusion
      shock and their modification by dexamethasone.
AB  - The effects of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP), 5 mg/kg, administration on
      the biochemical alterations in hepatic tissue subsequent to the production os
      splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock was investigated. Following the induction
      of SAO shock, DSP-treated dogs exhibited a significantly improved cardiovascular
      status compared to placebo-treated shocked dogs, 2 hr after release of the
      occlusion, biopsies of the liver were taken and analyzed for beta-glucuronidase
      (BG), adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine-3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cGMP) content. SAO shock produced a significant increase in
      hepatic free BG activity which was reversed by DSP pretreatment. Additionally,
      SAO shock decreased hepatic cAMP levels, increased cGMP levels and significantly
      lowered the hepatic ratio of cAMP/cGMP. These changes in cyclic nucleotide levels
      were reversed by DSP administration and were found to be inversely related to
      changes in hepatic free BG activity. Thus, the ratio of cellular cAMP/cGMP may
      function as a regulatory mechanism for lysosomal enzyme release secondary to
      ischemia and hypoxia. Further, DSP may act to maintain lysosomal integrity in
      ischemic tissues by preservation of cAMP/cGMP ratios.

PMID- 179828
TI  - Alterations in the characteristics of 2-deoxy D-glucose transport into cultured
      human glioma cells during cell growth.

PMID- 179829
TI  - Cell death. Are new proteins synthesized during hormone-induced tadpole tail
      regression?

PMID- 179830
TI  - Rubidium transport and ouabain binding in normal and virally transformed mouse
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 179831
TI  - Synthesis and phosphorylation of chromatin-associated proteins in cAMP-induced
      "differentiated" neuroblastoma cells in culture.

PMID- 179832
TI  - Transport of retinol from the blood to the retina: involvement of high molecular
      weight lipoproteins as intracellular carriers.

PMID- 179833
TI  - A proposed link between debris accumulation, guanosine 3', 5' cyclic
      monophosphate changes and photoreceptor cell degeneration in retina of RCS rats.

PMID- 179834
TI  - An in vitro model of phagocytosis in bovine and human retinal pigment epithelium.

PMID- 179835
TI  - Neural retinal and pigment epithelial cells in culture: patterns of
      differentiation and effects of prostaglandins and cyclic-AMP on pigmentation.

PMID- 179836
TI  - An electrophysiological and morphological study of the neuromuscular junction in
      patients with myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 179837
TI  - Beta-adrenergic-control of cyclic AMP-generating systems in cerebellum:
      pharmacological heterogeneity confirmed by destruction of interneurons.

PMID- 179838
TI  - Identification of angiotensin I in the rat and human pituitary gland.

PMID- 179839
TI  - Stimulation of ribonuclease activity and its isoenzymes in germinating seeds of
      cowpea (Vigna sinensis) by gibberellic acid and adenosine-3',5-cyclic
      monophosphate.
AB  - Application of GA3 and cyclic AMP to cowpea seedings caused a 2-3 fold
      stimulation of RNAase activity, together with the augmentation of RNAase
      isoenzymes. Inhibitor studies indicated the requirement of fresh RNA and protein
      synthesis for enzyme stimulation.

PMID- 179841
TI  - Influence of cyclic nucleotides on protein synthesis in vascular smooth muscle.
AB  - The incorporation of leucine-14C into protein in bovine mesenteric arteries was
      augmented by cyclic GMP (10-3 M) and decreased by cyclic AMP (10-3 M). There was
      no effect of 5'AMP (10-3 M). The phosphodiesterase inhibiting drugs theophylline
      (10-3 M) and papaverine (5 x 10-5 g/ml) both decreased the leucine-14C
      incorporation.

PMID- 179840
TI  - Cytokinin ocntents and cAMP metabolism during growth of Escherchia coli.
AB  - During Escherichia coli growth, we found an inverse correlation between free
      cytokinin content and cAMP level. The rates of synthesis of adenylate-cyclase and
      cAMP-phosphodiesterase were practically constant.

PMID- 179842
TI  - Myopathic changes at the end-plate region induced by neostigmine methylsulfate.
AB  - Administration of large dose of neostigmine caused very quickly marked myopathic
      changes at the motor end-plate region. With continued injections, however, some
      recovery of the structural features did occur suggesting the reconstructive
      changes in the affected regions.

PMID- 179843
TI  - Plasticity of the hormone receptors and possibility of their deformation in
      neonatal age.
AB  - Gonadotropin or TSH treated newborn animals reacted to TSH treatment in their
      adult age in a lesser degree than control ones. This suggests the plasticity of
      hormone receptors and the possibility of their deformation in neonatal age.

PMID- 179844
TI  - Hormonal induction of glutamate dehydrogenase in rat liver.
AB  - Glutamate dehydrogenase rapidly increases in microsomes and appears in the
      cytoplasm after administration of cortisone, cAMP, hydrocortisone-acetate.
      Prolonged administration of ACTH maintains high level of enzyme in the
      mitochondria and microsomes. Hydrocortisone-acetate, insulin and cortisone
      decrease drastically enzyme in mitochondria.

PMID- 179845
TI  - Immunohistochemical study of the pars intermediate of the mouse pituitary in
      different experimental conditions.
AB  - Alpha-MSH, beta-MSH and ACTH have been localized in the cells of hypophyseal
      intermediate lobe by fluorescence histoimmunological technics. Elaboration and
      excretion of these polypeptides are enhanced after dehydration or adrenalectomy.
      The most evident variations are seen with alpha-MSH and ACTH after dehydration,
      with beta-MSH after adrenalectomy.

PMID- 179846
TI  - Pathogenesis of artherosclerosis; some advances from using animal models.

PMID- 179847
TI  - Stimulation of proliferation in stationary primary cultures of monkey and rabbit
      aortic smooth muscle cells. I. Effects of lipoprotein fractions of hyperlipemic
      serum and lymph.

PMID- 179848
TI  - D-galactosamine hepatotoxicity. IV. Further studies of the pathogenesis of fatty
      liver.

PMID- 179849
TI  - [Effect of autonomotropic agents and their combinations with amidopyrine on
      aesptic inflammation and vascular permeability].
AB  - Experiments staged on rats demonstrated the display of antiexudative activity by
      phepracet, deseryl, chlorpromazine, phentolamine and sanotension in an
      inflammation produced through subplantar introduction of the Difco agar. Some of
      the above agents suppressed the reaction in response to dimethyl sulfoxide
      injection. The antiedematous and stabilizing the cellular membranes effects of
      amidopyrine were potentiated by using the latter in combination with
      sympatholytics and also with benactyzine. No synergism with respect to changes of
      the vascular permeability and kinnase activity of the blood was revealed.

PMID- 179850
TI  - [Effect of catecholamines on the activity of rabbit kidney microsomal (na+--k+)
      activated atpase].
AB  - The significance of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors and the role of cyclic 3', 5'
      -AMP in the mechanism of the activation by catecholamines of the microsoma (Na+ -
      K+)-activated ATP-ase of the rabbits kidneys were investigated. Phentolamine did
      not obstruct the activating effect of epinephrine in the cortical and medullar
      layer. Inderal inhibited the reaction of the enzyme in response to epinephrine in
      the renal cortex and fully prevented any rise of the enzymatic activity in the
      medullar substances. Isopropylnorpinephrine and cyclic 3',5' -AMP stimulated the
      (Na+ - K+)-activated ATP-ase in the cortical and medullar layer. An inference is
      drawn to the effect that the activation of the enzyme occurring under the effect
      of catecholamines comes as a consequence of a beta-adrenoreceptors stimulation.
      It is suggested that the cyclic 3',5'-AMP may be directly involved in the
      mechanism accounting for stimulation by catecholamines of the activity displayed
      by the microsomal (Na+ - K+)-activated ATP-ase of the rabbits kidneys.

PMID- 179851
TI  - [Effect of polyvinylpyridine N-oxide on lipid metabolism indices in healthy and
      silicotic rats].
AB  - In the early period of investigations (in 1 month) polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide
      (PNO) causes a fall in the content of lipid compounds (total lipids,
      phospholipids, choesterol) in the liver and an inhibition of the lipolytic
      activity in the tissue of intratracheally quartzdust laden rats. Introduction of
      PNO into the lungs of dust-laden rats over a period of 4 months produces an
      appreciable diminution in the quantity of all the lipid components against the
      background of an increased lipolytic activity, recuced under the effect of quartz
      dust. In healthy rats PNO depresses the lipolytic activity of the pulmonary
      tissue and intermittently brings down the lipid compounds therein and in the
      spleen. In the blood of healthy and silicotic rats receiging PNO the level of the
      total and free cholesterol goes up. Early after administration of PNO the content
      of total lipids and beta-lipoproteids in the blood serum of dust-laden rats
      augments, while later on the concentration of total lipids goes down, while the
      level of summary ketone bodies rises.

PMID- 179852
TI  - [Changes in the functional state and structure of the adrenals in CC14
      poisoning].
AB  - Introduction of CCI4 in doses of 0.1 and 0.2 ml/100 g to albino rats reduced the
      steroid production generated by adrenal sections. In 24 and 48 hours after
      poisoning with a small dose of CCI4 (0.1 ml/100 g) there could be seen an
      increased concentration of 11-oxycorticosteroids in the plasma. Morphological
      signs of a damage suffered by the gland were observed only in poisoning with a
      large dose of CCI4 (0.2 ml/100 g).

PMID- 179853
TI  - [Effect of psychotropic and anticonvulsant preparations on the conformational
      transitions in transport ATPase].
AB  - The effect of neuroleptics, antidepressants, somnifacients and antiepileptic
      drugs on Na+- and K+-dependent transitions in the preparation of the transport
      ATP-ase from renal tubules of the guinea pig were looked into by using the spinal
      probes procedures. Neuroleptics inhibit most strongly (by 100--67 per cent) the
      conformant transition in the Na+- K+-dependent ATP-ase, their action manifesting
      itself to a greater extent with respect to the K+-dependent conformant
      transitions. The influence of antidepressants is close to that of the
      neuroleptics, although it is noticeably less intensive (78--46 per cent). The
      action of hypnotics (barbituric acid derivatives) and of antiepileptic drugs of a
      different chemical structure closely approaches, but is different from the effect
      of neuroleptics and antidepressants, both as concerns its intensity and the lack
      of any essential differences in the action upon the Na+- and K+-dependant
      conformant transitions.

PMID- 179854
TI  - [Excitability of the hypothalamus and limbic structures of the rabbit brain under
      the influence of glucocorticoids and ACTH].
AB  - The influence of glucocorticoids and ACTH on the excitability of the hypothalamus
      and limbic structures of the brain in rabbits was studied in chronic tests with
      electrochemotrodes preliminarily implanted into the brain. Results bearing proof
      to a dissimilar effect produced by ACTH and glucocorticoids on the excitability
      of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala are
      presented. It is suggested that the mechanism of the retroinhibitory action of
      corticosteroids and ACTH provides for the participation of hypothalamic and
      limbic structures of the brain.

PMID- 179855
TI  - [Effect of aminazine and haloperidol on caudate inhibition of the conditioned
      reflex reaction of avoidance in cats].
AB  - The effect of neuroleptics on the avoidance behaviour under electric low
      frequency stimulation of the caudate neucleus was studied in experiments with
      cats. Chlorpromazine (1 and 3 mg/kg) and haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) were found to
      bring disorder in the behaviour of the animals and to intensify the inhibitory
      function of the caudate nucleus. Chlorpromazine proved in all respects to be a
      more active substance. The results obtained may be attributed to disruption of
      the central dopamine- and noradrenergic transmission.

PMID- 179856
TI  - [Study of the process of ACTH and insulin interaction with the plasmatic
      membranes of rat liver cells in vitro using luminescence methods].
AB  - The process of interaction of ACTH and insulin with plasmatic cellular membranes
      of the rat's liver and artificial lipid membranes (liposomes) was studied by the
      method of proper proteinic fluorescence and by using hydrophobic fluorescent
      probes. This process is shown to be attended by conformative readjustments of the
      membranous proteins and also by definite structural changes in the lipid phase of
      the membranes. In its action ACTH involves the hydrophobic layer of the lipid
      phase to a greater extent than does insulin. A comparison of the data on the
      effect produced by ACTH and insulin on the plasmatic membranes as against the
      results obtained with liposomes suggests that for the hormones to display their
      activity these have first to combine with the specific membranous protein, while
      a change in the lipid phase comes only as a consequence of such an interaction.

PMID- 179857
TI  - A ferrodoxin from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

PMID- 179858
TI  - The ClO1 ion as a probe in NMR studies of protein anion binding sites.

PMID- 179859
TI  - Thermodynamic and binding properties of carboxymethylated cytochrome c.

PMID- 179860
TI  - Malignant transformation-linked imbalance: decreased xanthine oxidase activity in
      hepatomas.
AB  - Xanthine oxidase was decreased 2- to 10-fold in all examined rat hepatomas
      irrespective of the malignancy; growth rate and degrees of histological
      differentiation of the neoplasms. The affinity to substrate (KM=6-8 muM) and the
      pH optimum (8.0) of the liver and hepatoma enzymes were the same. The
      reprogramming of gene expression, as manifested in the decreased activity of this
      key purine metabolizing enzyme, appears to be specific to neoplastic
      transformation. Since glutamine PRPP amidotransferase activity was increased but
      the opposing enzyme, xanthine oxidase, was decreased in all the hepatomas, the
      reprogramming of gene expression results in an imbalance that favors synthesis
      against catabolism. This enzymatic imbalance should confer selective advantages
      to the cancer cells.

PMID- 179861
TI  - The link between charge separation, proton movement and ATPase reactions.

PMID- 179862
TI  - Respiratory chain linked ferricy anide reduction drives active transport in
      membrane vesicles from Bacillus subtilis.

PMID- 179863
TI  - The prosthetic group of myeloperoxidase.

PMID- 179864
TI  - The subunit composition of beef heart cytochrome c oxidase.

PMID- 179865
TI  - Spin labels for cell surfaces.

PMID- 179866
TI  - Interaction of the basic copolymer - poly(ornithine, leucine with normal and
      transformed cells).

PMID- 179867
TI  - Lipid-protein interaction in porcine high-density (HDL3) lipoprotein.

PMID- 179868
TI  - Repetitive primate DNA containing the recognition sequences for two restriction
      endonucleases which generate cohesive ends.

PMID- 179869
TI  - Nitrogenase of Azotobacter chroococcum: inhibition of ADP of the reduction of
      oxidised Fe protein by sodium dithionite.

PMID- 179870
TI  - Heterogeneity of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes: selective interaction
      of metyrapone and SKF 525-A with different fractions of microsomal cytochrome P
      450.

PMID- 179871
TI  - ESR determination of Mn++ uptake and binding in mitochondria.

PMID- 179872
TI  - Interaction of purified human transcortin with spin labelled steroids.

PMID- 179873
TI  - SV 40 nucleoprotein complexes: structural modifications after isopycnic
      centrifugation in metrizamide gradients.

PMID- 179874
TI  - Analysis of the crystallinity of calcium phosphate deposits in rat liver
      mitochondria by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

PMID- 179875
TI  - Modification of the essential carboxyl group in octopine dehydrogenase.

PMID- 179876
TI  - Specific binding-protein for cholecalciferol in mammary glands of lactating rats.

PMID- 179877
TI  - Purification and properties of calf thymus polyadenosine diphosphate ribose
      polymerase.

PMID- 179878
TI  - The ATPase as an irreversible component in electron transport linked ATP
      synthesis.

PMID- 179879
TI  - A second heat-stable protein inhibitor of phosphorylase phosphatase from rabbit
      muscle.

PMID- 179880
TI  - Trapping of an intermediate in the oxidation-reduction cycle of cytochrome d in
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 179881
TI  - Thiamine-induced reversible deficiency in respiratory activity of Saccharomyces
      carlsbergensis: respiratory adaptation caused by pyridoxine.

PMID- 179882
TI  - An extended messenger-role in the brain for cyclic AMP.

PMID- 179883
TI  - Translational discrimination of 'capped' and 'non-capped' mRNAS: inhibition of a
      series of chemical analogs of m7GpppX.

PMID- 179884
TI  - The effect of a tyrosine-divalent copper complex on hepatic microsomal
      demethylation.

PMID- 179885
TI  - Colchicine inhibits hepatic cholesterol synthesis and microsomal 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA reductase) activity.

PMID- 179887
TI  - The amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences of canine apolipoprotein A-i.

PMID- 179886
TI  - Study of glomerular basement membrane glycoproteins resistant to hydrolysis by
      collagenase.

PMID- 179888
TI  - Effect of N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP treatment of lymphoma cells on the
      translation of globin mRNA by cell-free extracts.

PMID- 179889
TI  - Cyclic AMP metabolism in the cell cycle of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

PMID- 179890
TI  - The effect of estradiol on the activity of the nucleolar and nucleoplasmic RNA
      polymerases from chicken liver.

PMID- 179891
TI  - Action of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase on gangliosides GM1 and GM2 above
      and below the critical micelle concentration of substrate.

PMID- 179892
TI  - Enzyme cleaving the 5'-terminal methylated blocked structure of messenger RNA.

PMID- 179893
TI  - The adenosine-like effect of exogenous cyclic AMP upon nucleotide and PP-ribose-P
      concentrations of cultured human lymphoblasts.

PMID- 179895
TI  - The reaction between oxidized cytochrome c and reduced cytochrome c oxidase.

PMID- 179894
TI  - Solubilization and partial purification of a growth hormone receptor from rabbit
      liver.

PMID- 179896
TI  - Gangliosides and 'galactoprotein A' ('LETS'-protein) of temperature-sensitive
      mutant of transformed 3T3 cells.

PMID- 179897
TI  - Tubal plastic surgery at the Tel Hashomer Hospital: a critical study.
AB  - The study presents 93 patients in whom tubal surgery was carried out for primary
      or secondary mechanical infertility. A classification of these patients into five
      groups is suggested. Twenty-four uterine pregnancies were recorded, eighteen of
      which reached term. A plea for enlarging the scope and number of interventions in
      more patients of the older group and of the more complex pathologic group is
      presented and discussed. This approach may lower the the over-all success rate
      but may benefit some of this group of patients. Last but not least, the follow-up
      of these patients, who constantly move from one physician to another, seeking
      more treatment, is difficult. Liaison with referring gynecologists and
      standardization of methods would be of great help in the follow-up.

PMID- 179898
TI  - [Nitrogen metabolic characteristics in the bodies of animals with high and low
      resistance to hypoxia].

PMID- 179899
TI  - [Age-related respiratory changes in the red and white muscles of rats].

PMID- 179900
TI  - [Active transport of fluorescein in the choroid plexus of the brain and
      regulation of its rate by cyclic 3',5'-AMP].
AB  - With the aid of luminescent microscopy and microfluorimetry in vitro, the
      transport of labelled fluorescine into the structures of the brain lateral
      ventricles' chorioid plexus was studied in rabbits. An against-gradient pumping
      of fluorescine into the cytoplasm of the neuroepithelium cells and into the lumen
      of adjucent capillaries was shown to occur in the chorioid plexus. Such
      accumulation of fluorescine proceeds in the active transport way with
      participation of a carrier. The active transport system is congenial to
      fluorescine - Km = 4-10(-5) M, which renders even small amounts of this substance
      to be quickly removed from the milieu. The fluorescine-transporting system
      fulfills transition of other organic acids as well. The system of organic acids
      active transport is, apparently, localized in the apical and basal membranes of
      the neuroepithelial cells surrounding the plexus' filia which makes the
      concentration of transported acid in the neuroepithelial cells higher than in
      milieu, and in the capillaries' lumen higher than in the cytoplasm. An enzyme
      system adenylcyclasa-phosphodiesterase was found in the chorioid plexus'
      neuroepithelium. The system participates in regulation of velocity of the organic
      acids transport by means of changing the intracellular concentration 3',5'-AMP.

PMID- 179901
TI  - [Analysis of an increase in the body's sensitivity to insulin].
AB  - In adult albino rats, increased sentivity of the organism to insulin action
      caused by systematic muscular exercises preserved in conditions of adrenergic
      blockade but was reduced by theophylline administration (inhibition of 3'-5'-AMP
      phosphodiesterase activity). The sensitivity to insulin action 3'-5'
      phosphodiesterase (in muscles, liver, and adipose tissue) increased during
      adaptation to muscular activity. Simultaneously the insulin inactivation in
      muscle and liver tissues also increased.

PMID- 179902
TI  - [The activity of 3',5'-AMP phosphodiesterase and inactivation of insulin during
      muscular activity].
AB  - In trained adult albino rats, more rapid mobilization of carbohydrates and FFA,
      more economical carbohydrates expenditure during muscular exercise, and more
      rapid resynthesis of glycogen during recovery period, were observed. This depends
      on both the changes of 3',5'-AMP-phosphodiesterase activity of muscles, liver,
      and adipose tissue, and the degree of insulin inactivation by muscle and liver
      tissues. Both these processes considerably differ in untrained and trained
      animals.

PMID- 179904
TI  - Separation of time-defined avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) using column
      cultivation of leukaemic myeblasts.
AB  - A new technique is described of column cultivation of cells immobilized on Sial
      glass cullet. The technique ensures a controlled and continuous production of
      time-defined young virus. During the column cultivation the morphological
      characteristics of tho immobilized cells remain essentially unchanged.

PMID- 179903
TI  - Detection of RNA-instructed DNA polymerase in the mitochondria of Rous sarcoma
      cells using sephadex G-150 thin-layer gel filtration.
AB  - Analyses of the DNA polymerase present in the inner mitochondrial membrane and
      matrix fraction of the mitochondria isolated from Rous sarcoma cells and chick
      embryo cells, and in the lysate of Rous sarcoma virus were performed, using a
      modification of the thin-layer gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 superfine. The
      method allowed the simultaneous determination of the molecular weight of the
      isolated enzymes. In the mitochondria or Rous sarcoma cells an RNA-directed DNA
      polymerase, activated by poly(rA): oligo (dT) synthetic duplex, was detected,
      with the same molecular weight as the reverse transcriptase isolated from Rous
      sarcoma virus. Such enzyme was not found in the mitochondria of chick embryo
      cells.

PMID- 179905
TI  - Involvement of the adrenal cortec in neurohumoural response at semen collection
      in the boar.

PMID- 179906
TI  - Inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis by factor(s) in alloxan-diabetic rat
      plasma.
AB  - Supplementation of rat lymphocyte cultures with plasma from alloxan-diabetic rats
      produced a dose-dependent suppression of mitogen-induced blastogenic responses.
      Viability measurements indicated that this inhibition was not due to a direct
      cytotoxic effect of alloxan-diabetic plasma on rat mononuclear leukocytes in
      vitro. This inhibition was not explained by hyperglycemia alone and was observed
      when blastogenesis was induced in vitro by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin
      A (con A), or allogeneic cells. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from alloxan
      diabetic rats appeared to be more sensitive than normal cells to the inhibitory
      effect of diabetic plasma. Heating at 56 degrees for 60 minutes produced only a
      partial loss of the inhibition by diabetic plasma. Alloxan-diabetic rat plasma
      promoted an increased accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      in mononuclear leukocytes. Insulin (1 and 100 muU./ml.) in vitro enhanced PHA
      induced blastogenesis but failed to reverse the inhibition caused by diabetic
      plasma. Ultrafiltration through a cellulose dialysis membrane with an exclusion
      size of 12,000 molecular weight did not remove the inhibitory factor(s). These
      results indicate that a depressed cellular immune response is produced during an
      insulin-deficient diabetic state. The suppressed in-vitro blastogenic response of
      lymphocytes from alloxan-diabetic rats appears to involve some circulating
      inhibitory factor(s) in diabetic plasma. This inhibition may be explained, in
      part, by the ability of diabetic plasma to elevate cyclic AMP in mononuclear
      leukocytes.

PMID- 179907
TI  - Individual differences in infants' sleep.
AB  - Individual differences in sleep patterns were repeatedly studied in 22 infants in
      a residential unit for mothers and babies at two, six, 12 and 20 weeks of age.
      Electroencephalogram, horizontal and vertical electro-oculogram, electromyogram
      of chin muscle, and respiration and body movements were recorded during the first
      two sleep cycles. The age factor was significant in all variables studied. The
      infants' individuality was significant in (1) the frequency of respiration during
      quiet sleep, (2) the frequency of rapid eye movement during paradoxical sleep,
      (3) the occurrence of regular EEG activity during paradoxical sleep, and (4) body
      movements during paradoxical sleep. Individual differences in these sleep
      variables persisted with considerable stability during the first five months of
      life.

PMID- 179908
TI  - Hepatoma occurring two decades after hepatic irradiation.
AB  - Hepatoma has been related to chemical, dietary, metabolic, infectious, and
      genetic factors. therapeutic hepatic irradiation has never been associated with
      hepatoma. A case of hepatocellular carcinoma is presented that occurred two
      decades after radiotherapy for presumed hepatic hemangioma. Radiation-related
      liver disease is discussed in general, with emphasis placed on radiation
      hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 179909
TI  - Inhibition by propranolol of bile acid stimulation of rabbit colonic adenylate
      cyclase in vitro.
AB  - Bile acids, especially unconjugated deoxycholic acid, cause diarrhea by inducing
      colonic mucosal secretion of water and electrolytes. This effect has been shown
      to be mediated by adenylate cyclase (AC). Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking
      agent which inhibits AC, may then prevent this action of bile acids on colonic
      mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bile acids,
      catecholamines, and propranolol on AC activity in colonic mucosa. The in vitro
      effects of deoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, NaF, epinephrine, norepinephrine,
      and propranolol on AC in rabbit colonic mucosa were determined. NaF, 10(-4) M,
      increased AC activity to 220% of control (P less than 0.01). Deoxycholic acid,
      10(-4) M, increased AC activity to 178% of control (P less than 0.01). Lesser but
      significant (P less than 0.01) stimulation of AC occurred at both higher and
      lower concentrations of deoxycholic acid, with no effect at 10(-10) M.
      Taurocholic acid, 10(-4) M, and epinephrine and norepinephrine, 10(-2) M, 10(-4)
      M, 10(-6) M, and 10(-8) M, had no effect on AC. Propranolol, 10(-6) M, caused a
      60% decrease (P less than 0.01) in the stimulated AC activity induced by 10(-4) M
      deoxycholic acid. Propranolol, 10(-4) M, decreased basal AC by 30% (P less than
      0.01). IN CONCLUSION: (1) Deoxycholic acid, but not taurocholic acid,
      epinephrine, or norepinephrine, stimulates colonic AC activity. (2) Propranolol
      inhibited this deoxycholic acid stimulation of AC. (3) Catecholamines are not
      intermediaries in this action of propranolol on colonic mucosal AC activity.

PMID- 179911
TI  - Utilization of the quantitative assay of lipoprotein X in the differential
      diagnosis of extraphepatic obstructive jaundice and intrahepatic diseases.
AB  - Quantitative determination of LP-X, abnormal serum low density lipoprotein, was
      performed on the sera of 620 patients with jaundice in two medical centers, one
      in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and the other in Birmingham, England. The results of
      serial assays over a period of 5 to 8 days after patient admission to hospital or
      after onset of jaundice, if this occurred in hospital, correlated best with the
      type and management of jaundice. In some cases of early cholestatic disease of
      extrahepatic origin LP-X may be absent, but after the observation period it was
      found that only 1 of 81 (98%) patients with obstruction of the extrahepatic bile
      duct system remained negative. Of the remainder, 74 (91%) had or developed levels
      of LP-X exceeding 300 mg per 100 ml. In addition, 43 (88%) of 49 subjects
      followed serially showed increases in LP-X concentration, with no change in 3
      patients. Of 539 subjects with intrahepatic disease, 14 (26.5%) were LP-X
      positive and 27 (19.4%) of these had initial LP-X levels higher than 300 mg per
      100 ml. During the follow-up period, 35 (74%) of 47 patients with intrahepatic
      disease showed a reduction of LP-X; of the remaining 12 patients 4 had
      mitochondrial antibody-positive primary biliary cirrhosis, and 6 had severe
      cholestasis associated with acute infectious hepatitis and high aspartate
      transaminase levels. Similar figures for alkaline phosphatase showed less
      consistent changes during the follow-up period. In this retrospective appraisal
      the trends and absolute levels of LP-X, in addition to the use of similarly
      followed levels of the routine liver function tests, allowed better
      differentiation of jaundice requiring surgical correction from that remediable by
      medical means exclusively than did the use of the routine liver function tests
      alone. In addition, LP-X is specific for liver dysfunction, whereas other routine
      liver function tests are not.

PMID- 179910
TI  - Propranolol inhibits adenylate cyclase and secretion stimulated by deoxycholic
      acid in the rabbit colon.
AB  - Bile acids cause diarrhea by inducing colonic secretion, probably mediated
      through the cyclic AMP system. The aim was to determine the effects of an
      adenylate cyclase inhibitor, propranolol, on deoxycholic acid (DCA) stimulation
      of net secretion and the cyclic AMP system in the colon. In each of 30 New
      Zealand white rabbits, 0.9% NaC1 as control and 6 mM and 8 mM DCA were injected
      in random sequence into three colonic loops in situ. Propranolol, 4 mg per kg was
      administered intravenously to 12 of the 30 rabbits 1/2 hr before preparation of
      the loops, i.e., 5 1/2 hr before the rabbits were killed. In the 18 untreated
      animals, 6 and 8 mM DCA significantly stimulated colonic net secretion and
      mucosal adenylate cyclase activity; 6 mM DCA caused no change in mucosal
      phosphodiesterase activity, whereas 8 mM DCA caused a 25% decrease (P less than
      0.01). In propranolol-treated animals compared to untreated animals, the volume
      of luminal fluid in controls was not different, with 6 mM DCA it was 88% less (P
      less than 0.01), and with 8 mM DCA it was 45% less (P less than 0.01); adenylate
      cyclase activity in controls was 43% less (P less than 0.01), with 6 mM DCA it
      was 67% less (P less than 0.01), and with 8 mM DCA it was 65% less (P less than
      0.01); phosphodiesterase activity in controls and with 6 mM DCA was not different
      and with 8 mM DCA it was 38% greater (P less than 0.02). In conclusion,
      propranolol prevented DCA stimulation of colonic net secretion and inhibited the
      cyclic AMP system. Propranolol, therefore, warrants investigation as therapy for
      diarrhea caused by bile acids in the colon.

PMID- 179912
TI  - The influence of mammalian and avian gonadotropins on in vitro ovarian steroid
      synthesis in the turtle (Chrysemys picta).

PMID- 179913
TI  - Adrenocortical (interrenal) responses to hypophysectomy and adenohypophysial
      hormones in the teleost Poecilia latipinna.

PMID- 179914
TI  - [Gonadotropin secreting cells of the pituitary gland of the Atlantic salmon:
      unity or duality?].

PMID- 179915
TI  - [Surgery of brain tumor in the 34th week of gestation].

PMID- 179916
TI  - Proceedings: Stimulation of intestinal cyclic AMP by a heat stable toxin of
      Escherichia coli 0148.

PMID- 179917
TI  - Proceedings: Hepatoma in chronic liver disease.

PMID- 179918
TI  - [Cytomegalovirus disease in twin infants].

PMID- 179919
TI  - [Surgical treatment of ovarian tumors, especially ovarian carcinomas].
AB  - In every case of ovarian tumor or even if this possibility cannot be excluded by
      other means a diagnostic laparotomy is indicated. There are only a few exceptions
      to this rule. Before surgery every diagnostic step should be undertaken to
      determine the nature, extent and origin of the tumor. At laparotomy three
      situations may be found, 1. the tumor is obviously benign, 2. the nature of the
      tumor is doubtful and 3. the tumor is malignant. The diagnostic and therapeutic
      steps in all these situations and also in case of persistent or recurrent tumor
      are discussed. Treatment of ovarian cancer is radical surgery if possible and/or
      chemotherapy and radiation.

PMID- 179920
TI  - Metabolic pathways of alcohol in the liver.

PMID- 179921
TI  - Enzymology of highly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas.

PMID- 179922
TI  - Enzyme-inducing agents and their effect on vitamin D metabolism.

PMID- 179923
TI  - [Experimental study on aldolase isozyme during the development of hepatoma in the
      rat (author's transl)].
AB  - Aldolase (ALD) consists of three different types of isozyme, i.e. muscle or A
      type, liver or B type and brain or C type, their relative proportions being fixed
      for each tissue. In this study, isozyme profiles in the serum and DAB induced
      hepatoma as it grows were examined in comparison with those in the fetal liver,
      in the hope to obtain information for early detection of the malady. In the very
      early phase of hepatoma growth with no elevated enzyme activity, ALD-A fraction
      after electrophoresis was found to increase. In the course of hepatoma growth,
      ALD-B decreased while ALD-A increased with appearance of hybrid of ALD-A and ALD
      C. In the normal adult liver, no hybrid of ALD-A and ALD-C was encountered. Serum
      profile of the rat with DAB induced hepatoma was similar to that of the cancer
      tissue. On the other hand, the fetal liver shows a profile with high ALD-A
      fraction and even with hybrid of ALD-A and -C. These features disappeared
      gradually as maturation proceeded and became close to the adult pattern. Thus it
      is clear that DAB induced hepatoma exhibits retrogressive change in hepatic
      differentiation in its isozyme profile. The results also indicate usefulness of
      isozyme profile for early detection of the hepatoma.

PMID- 179924
TI  - Hypoglycemia in diabetics.
AB  - Hypoglycemia in diabetes can be divided into 1) spontaneous hypoglycemic
      reactions due to absolute or relative overproduction of endogenous insulin or
      some other blood glucose-lowering substance, as in islet cell adenoma or
      carcinoma, latent or protodiabetic conditions, (extrapancreatic) tumors and
      pituitary and/or adrenal disorders; and 2) hypoglycemia caused by exogenous, i.e.
      therapeutic, measures. The problem of hypoglycemia in insulin-treated diabetics
      is far from being solved. As revealed by continuous blood glucose monitoring,
      nocturnal hypoglycemic attacks frequently escape attention especially in juvenile
      diabetics. Circadian variations in peripheral glucose utilization, rather than
      changes in plasma insulin activity, are likely to be involved in this mechanism.
      At least, this was the conclusion drawn from studies carried out by means of a
      glucose-controlled insulin and glucose infusion system (GCIGIS) -or artificial
      pancreas-which delivers short-acting insulin and glucose on demand intravenously.
      Hypoglycemic reactions in patients being treated with oral anti-diabetic agents,
      on the other hand, should be regarded primarily as one of the side reactions
      intrinsic to the mechanism of action of some of these drugs, e.g. sulfonylureas,
      which act mainly via stimulation of secretion of endogenous insulin reserves not
      responding properly to postprandial blood glucose increments. In the case of
      glibenclamide, at least partial resensitization of the defective glucose receptor
      of the beta-cell also becomes operative. A higher incidence of a characteristic
      type of hypoglycemic reaction was observed soon after glibenclamide therapy was
      introduced. Better understanding of the drug and dissemination of the information
      about it to doctors and patients has reduced the number of hypoglycemic reactions
      caused by glibenclamide to the same proportions as for other sulfonylureas.
      Hypoglyoemia following therapeutic hypophysectomy retains its position as one of
      the main hazards of this heroic therapy.

PMID- 179925
TI  - Human insulinoma tissue: in vitro studies of proinsulin/insulin biosynthesis and
      release.
AB  - The rate of proinsulin/insulin turnover has been studied in human insulinoma
      tissue from ten patients. During the incubation of tumor tissue the ratio of
      immunoreactive insulin (IRI) release to content was significantly higher than
      that from isolated human pancreatic islets. The tumor cell cytoplasm (100,000 g
      supernatant S-100) contained approximately 45% of the IRI. Endogenous proinsulin
      and insulin were released throughout the incubation. Newly synthesized proinsulin
      was detected in the 15 min pulse microsomal, secretory granule, S-100 and media
      samples. These results suggest that defective hormonal storage and release
      mechanisms are operative in human insulinoma cells resulting in a higher turnover
      of proinsulin and insulin compared with pancreatic islet tissue.

PMID- 179926
TI  - Glucagon secretion by the transplantable islet-cell tumor of the Syrian hamster.
AB  - The transplantable islet-cell tumor of the golden hamster has already been shown
      to produce hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the receptor animal. The present
      study demonstrates that the plasma pancreatic glucagon concentrations are
      significantly increased in the tumor-bearing animals but that this
      hyperglucagonemia is not abolished by administration of glucose or of diazoxide.
      It is also unresponsive to arginine administrations. In these animals, increased
      peripheral glucagon plasma concentrations are observed along with a reduced porto
      aortic glucagon gradient. Moreover, plasma glucagon in the vena cava is usually
      higher than that in the aorta and a significant quantity of glucagon is found in
      the tumor. We conclude that glucagon release from the tumor is in fact
      responsible for the observed hyperglucagonemia.

PMID- 179927
TI  - Response of islet cell tumors to enterohormones.
AB  - The insulin response to oral glucose, tolbutamide, arginine, pancreozymin and
      cerulein was studied in a group of subjects with insuloma and a group of normal
      control subjects. The same parameters were studied in a small number of cases
      after administration of secretin and gastrin. The glucagon response (IRG) to
      arginine, pancreozymin and cerulein was also studied. In subjects with insulomas
      plasma IRI values after oral glucose, tolbutamide and pancreozymin, starting from
      elevated basal levels, reached high absolute levels though the increase above
      basal levels did not differ significantly from normal. After cerulein plasma IRI
      values increased in some insuloma patients but not in normal subjects. After
      arginine the plasma IRI increase above basal levels was significantly lower than
      normal in patients with insulomas. The glucagon response to arginine was normal
      in the patients with insulomas; these patients showed a clearcut glucagon
      response to cerulein and a very irregular response after pancreozymin.

PMID- 179928
TI  - The diagnosis of insulinomas and other causes of fasting hypoglycemia.
AB  - The decrease in insulin secretion in normal subjects in response to hypoglycemia
      provides a basis for suppression tests for diagnosing insulinomas. The majority
      of patients with insulinomas have hypoglycemia after an overnight fast, and
      inordinatley raised plasma insulin levels are diagnostic. A prolonged fast is a
      means of enhancing hypoglycemia. Fish insulin can be used to induce hypoglycemia
      over a short period, and provides a simple, dynamic suppression test which
      appears to give good diagnostic discrimination. A normal endogenous insulin
      response to fish-insulin-induced hypoglycemia, together with clinical assessment
      and a few simple investigations, virtually excludes the diseases which cause
      fasting hypoglycemia in adults.

PMID- 179929
TI  - Medical treatment of endogenous organic hyperinsulinism.
AB  - There are several situations in which medical therapy of hyperinsulinism induced
      by islet cell tumors or hyperplasia is necessary and at present we have at our
      disposal several drugs which are capable of reducing endogenous hyperinsulinism.
      They are: -Streptozotocin, which represents today the most useful therapeutic
      agent for beta cell carcinoma therapy; -Diazoxide, which represents the drug of
      first choice for the treatment of most hypoglycemic syndromes caused by islet
      cell adenoma or hyperplasia; -Propranolol, Chlorpromazine, Diphenylhydantoin,
      which may be regarded as a useful alternative to diazoxide, although they are
      capable of giving rather inconstant results. These drugs may today effectively
      substitute for corticosteroids and glucagon in the medical treatment of almost
      every chronic hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic syndrome, including malignant beta
      cell carcinoma.

PMID- 179930
TI  - Onto- and phylogenetical aspects on insulin-producing islet-cell tumors.
AB  - When onto- and phylogenetical aspects are taken into account when studying
      insulin-producing islet-cell tumors, it becomes clear that the recently
      discovered "type IV" islet parenchymal cells (or "delta 1" -cells) may play an
      important role in various states of hypoglycemia, both of neoplastic and non
      neoplastic origin. Moreover, it becomes obvious that increased attention to this
      kind of islet cell through intensified light-microscopical, histochemical,
      ultrastructural and experimental investigations covering a wide range of animals,
      may help to clarify several unsolved problems in the cytological composition of
      the islets of Langerhans. The occurrence of islet-cell tumors (or hamartomas) in
      the most primitive vertebrate islet parenchyma known, viz. that of the hagfish,
      Myxine glutinosa, is reported, as well as an additional case of mixed carcinoid
      islet-cell tumor in a human pancreas.

PMID- 179931
TI  - High-molecular IRI (big, big insulin) in islet cell adenoma.
AB  - In agreement with data previously reported (Yalow and Berson 1973), after gel
      filtration of acid-ethanol extracts of islet cell adenomas (performed in 3 M
      acetic acid) 1.4% to 1.8% of total immunoreactive insulin (IRI) eluted ahead of
      proinsulin. The high-molecular IRI (HM-IRI) was, however, found to be
      heterogenous in size and consisted of at least three components, the major one
      having an estimated molecular weight of about 50,000. Under certain conditions,
      HM-IRI was partially dissociated into proinsulin- and insulin-like components. We
      conclude that HM-IRI does not represent a precursor of proinsulin and insulin,
      but probably a self-association product of the peptides or an association of
      insulin and proinsulin to other proteins extracted from tumor tissue.

PMID- 179932
TI  - Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during epinephrine infusion in three patients
      with insulomas.
AB  - An epinephrine infusion (6 mug/min) in three patients with insulomas inhibited
      insulin secretion induced by OGTT and increased glucagon secretion in two
      patients, with an exceptional rise in a case of poly-adenomatosis.

PMID- 179933
TI  - Alpha-cell function in a case of insulinoma.

PMID- 179934
TI  - Histochemistry, ultrastructure and hormone content of human insulinomas.
AB  - Forty human insulin-producing tumors were investigated with histochemical,
      immunohistological and ultrastructural methods and extracted for insulin and
      proinsulin. These studies resulted in the following findings: 1) A variable
      number of tumor cells contained only a few or often no beta granules. 2) The
      insulin concentration was lower and the proinsulin percentage higher in
      insulinoma cells compared with normal beta-cells. 3) According to the
      ultrastructural appearance of the secretory granules four types of insulinoma
      were established. 4) Insulinomas frequently contained cells with atypical
      secretory granules which were Grimelius silver-positive. Their similarity to the
      Type IV islet cell and to cells regularly found in gastrinomas, Verner-Morrison
      tumors and glucagonomas suggests that all endocrine pancreatic tumors originate
      from a common precursor cell. 5) The morphological and biochemical findings
      support the theory that uncontrolled hormone release and/or decreased storage
      capacity are responsible for fasting hyperinsulinism in insulinoma patients. 6)
      The severity of hypoglycemia symptoms and the result of stimulatory tests were
      not related to the size, the insulin concentration and the total insulin content
      of the tumor.

PMID- 179935
TI  - The federal mental health program: past, present, and future.
AB  - Dr. Brown traces the history of America's federal mental health program from its
      beginning in the early 1900s. NIMH, the institute he currently directs, was
      established in 1946 for the treatment and prevention of mental and emotional
      illnesses through research,training, and services. It is now one of the
      institutes of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration of the
      Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Dr. Brown describes its continuous
      progress toward providing high-quality mental health care to the entire
      population, and discusses priorities for the future that include continuation of
      research on schizophrenia and depression and research that will benefit children
      and the elderly.

PMID- 179936
TI  - Hospital social work should be more than a 9-to-5 position.

PMID- 179938
TI  - Rat IgE production. II. Primary and booster reaginic antibody responses following
      intradermal or oral immunization.
AB  - Primary and booster IgE antibody responses have been elicited in Hooded Lister
      rats by the intradermal injection or oral administration of very small quantities
      of egg albumin. Oral immunization was effected by giving antigen by stomach tube
      or in the drinking water. The minimum primary dose of antigen found to be
      effective was 1 mug intradermally and 10 mug orally, administered together with
      an intraperitoneal injection of B. pertussis adjuvant. In rats immunized with
      these doses secondary responses could be evoked by giving even smaller quantities
      of antigen, thus 1 ng intradermally or 1 mug orally without adjuvant. Smaller
      challenge doses were not tried. Large primary doses of antigen (greater than 100
      mug) presented by these routes were, on the other hand, found to be inhibitory to
      the production of secondary IgE responses, this effect being similar to that
      observed in previously reported intraperitoneal immunization experiments. By
      contrast with previous experiments, however, tertiary responses could be obtained
      following immunization by these routes, and we believe this to be reflection of
      the absorption of smaller and therefore less inhibitory quantities of antigen.
      Our results are discussed in relation to the control of IgE antibody production,
      current concepts of the control of antigen absorption through mucosal barriers,
      and possible implications of the genesis of naturally occurring IgE responses in
      man.

PMID- 179939
TI  - Production of circulating reaginic (IgE) antibodies by oral administration of
      ovalbumin to rats.
AB  - Reaginic antibody synthesis following parenteral and/or oral administration of
      ovalbumin and Bordetella pertussis organisms as adjuvant has been evaluated in
      LOU/M/Wsl inbred rats. These rats are able to produce high reaginic antibody
      serum levels after intraperitoneal injection of this antigen. Primary oral
      administration of ovalbumin doses between 10 and 100 mg with Bordetella pertussis
      organisms given as adjuvant by the intraperitoneal or the oral route led to
      characteristic reagnic responses. Secondary reaginic responses were obtained by
      oral administration of ovalbumin without any adjuvant in animals sensitized by
      the oral or the intraperitoneal route. A hundred micrograms of ovalbumin was
      enough to induce reaginic responses but more constant and higher reaginic levels
      were obtained with a 50 mg dose in the experimental model employed.

PMID- 179937
TI  - Homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in mice and heterologous PCA
      induced in rats with mouse IgE.
AB  - A study was made of the effect of anit-histamine, antiserotonin and of different
      anti-anaphylactic drugs on PCA reactions induced in mice with IgG1 or IgE.
      Further, using the ability of mouse IgE to sensitize rat mast cells, a
      comparative study was also made of PCA reactions induced in mice and rats with
      mouse IgE. Antihistamines produced a partial inhibition of PCA reactions induced
      in mice with mouse IgG1 or IgE and in rats with mouse IgE whereas antiserotonin
      inhibited PCA reactions induced in rats with mouse IgE, but had no effect on PCA
      reactions induced in mice with mouse IgG1 or IgE. The simultaneous use of
      antihistamine and antiserotonin resulted in a total inhibition of PCA reactions
      induced in mice with IgG1 and in a marked but not total inhibition of PCA
      reaction due to IgE; PCA reactions induced in rats with mouse IgE were totally
      inhibited. Compounds known to change the intracellular level of cyclic AMP were
      found to have little or no effect on PCA reactions induced in mice with either
      IgG1 or IgE in spite of producing a complete marked inhibition of PCA reactions
      induced with mouse IgE in rats. Diethylcarbamazine or disodium cromoglycate were
      also very effective inhibitors of rat PCA reactions induced with mouse IgE
      although having no effect on PCA reaction induced in mice with this same antibody
      or with IgG1. Thus, in spite of sharing common mediators released from the same
      type of target cell sensitized with the same type of antibody, PCA reactions
      induced in mice and rats with mouse IgE reacted very differently to the
      pharmacological effect of most of the drugs tested. This fact seems to indicate
      that the physiological mechanism operating in mouse mast cells are different from
      those operating in rat mast cells.

PMID- 179941
TI  - Two distinct lumphocyte-stimulating soluble factors (LAF) released from murine
      peritoneal cells. I. The cellular source and the effect of cGMP on their release.
AB  - Culture fluids of murine peritoneal cells contain two distinct, non-dialysable
      priniciples (LAF) with thymocyte proliferation-stimulating properties. One of
      them is elaborated from phagocytic cells (presumably macrophages), the other is
      released by non-phagocytic cells (lymphocytes). cGMP added exogenously stimulates
      the production and/or release of LAF from phagocytic cells, but not from non
      phagocytic cells. The phagocytic cells (but not the lymphocytes) require intact
      RNA and protein synthesis for LAF release. The action of LAF differs from those
      of cGMP itself by being non-dialysable, and unable to prevent the inhibitory
      action of cAMP on mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation.

PMID- 179940
TI  - The differential effect of cyclic AMP on lymphocyte stimulation by T- or B-cell
      mitogens.
AB  - Dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) added to mouse spleen cell
      cultures under serum free conditions inhibited the stimulation of [3H]thymidine
      incorporation induced by T-cell mitogens much more than the one induced by B-cell
      mitogens. The inhibition was most impressive with phytohaemagglutinin, followed
      by concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen and the specific antigen Keyhole limpet
      haemocyanin (KLH). The response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was clearly
      less susceptible to suppression and the effect on the stimulation induced by
      trypsin and suramin, both B-cell mitogens, was marginal. Similar results were
      obtained by addition of isoproterenol or therophyllin to the cultures.

PMID- 179943
TI  - Excretion of enteroviruses in healthy pediatric population of Nagpur.

PMID- 179942
TI  - Quatification of phagocytosis by human neutrophils. The use of radiolabelled
      staphylococcal protein A-IgG complexes.
AB  - Human polymorphonuclear leucocytes suspended in a serum-free medium ingest
      radiolabelled insoluble staphylococcal protein A-IgG complexes, providing a
      quantitative measure of phagocytosis. The degree of uptake of protein A-IgG
      complexes is dependent on the cell concentration, the amount of immune
      precipitates and duration of incubation. The rate of phagocytosis is enhanced by
      the presence of serum. During the process of ingestion of immune precipitates,
      release of the lysosomal enzyme myeloperoxidase but not of the cytoplasmic enzyme
      lactic dehydrogenase occurs.

PMID- 179945
TI  - [Corticotropin (A.C.T.H.)].

PMID- 179944
TI  - Evaluation of hand and foot ossification centres for assessment of bone age.

PMID- 179946
TI  - Marek's disease in chickens: development of viral antigen in feather follicles
      and of circulating antibodies.
AB  - The infection of young chickens with Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDHV) leads to
      the early appearance of viral antigen in the bursa Fabricii, in the kidney
      tubular epithelium, and particularly in the epithelial cells of growing feather
      follicles (Calnek and Hitchner, 1969; Purchase, 1970). Viral antigen may persist
      in feather follicles over several months, whereas in neural lesions or in
      lymphoid tumors induced by MDHV viral antigen is either lacking or present only
      in a few cells (Calnek and Hitchner, 1969; Spencer and Calnek, 1970; Purchase,
      1970). Haider et al. (1976) have pointed out the high diagnostic value of the
      double-diffusion agar-gel participitation test (Chubb and Churchill, 1968) using
      growing feathers of MDHV-infected chickens as antigen.

PMID- 179948
TI  - Genetic control of natural immunity to ecotropic mouse leukemia viruses:
      production of endogenous immunogen.
AB  - Mice of the AKR and C57L strains naturally produced low titers of antibody
      against ecotropic murine leukemia viruses (MuLV). The F1 hybrid of these strains
      produced anti-MuLV antibody in higher titer than mice of either of the parental
      strains. Progeny of the genetic backcross C57L X (AKR X C57L)F1 segregated for
      the production of infectious ecotropic MuLV (according to the Akv-1 and Akv-2
      loci) and for the production of antibody against MuLV. All mice that contained
      infectious MuLV produced anti-MuLV antibodies. Thus, the persistent production of
      high-titered MuLV in these mice did not result in immunological tolerance towards
      viral antigens. In contrast, mice that did not contain infectious MuLV could be
      separated into antibody-producing and -nonproducing classes. The absence of
      detectable antibody to MuLV in an individual mouse was invariably associated with
      a virus-free phenotype. Antibody against MuLV reacted primarily with p15 and gp70
      proteins of the viral envelope. It was concluded that overt production of
      endogenous ecotropic MuLV served as a major immunogenic stimulus for the
      production of anti-MuLV antibody in these mice.

PMID- 179947
TI  - Some effects of silical treatment on Marek's disease.
AB  - Treatment of newly hatched chicks with silica by the intraperitoneal route
      delayed the onset of mortalities due to the JM strain of Marek's disease (MD'
      virus inoculated at 6 days of age. During the 88-day observation period fewer
      silica-treated chicks died of MD, but this difference was not usually
      statistically significant. Silica treatment had no effect on the susceptibility
      of 4-week-old birds. Silica treatment reduced the antibody response to MD but, in
      general, not significantly. The antibody response to bovine serum albumin was
      significantly enhanced if measured by the indirect hemagglutination test but not
      if measured by the agar gel diffusion test, whereas the response to Brucella
      abortus was enhanced significantly in N-line (MD-resistant) chicks but not
      significantly in P-line (MD-susceptible) chicks. Five days after infection,
      silica-treated chicks had significantly less fluorescing antigen in thymus and
      bursa than did untreated chicks; no difference was observed in the spleen. After
      silica treatment the glass-adherent cell population in the buffy coat was
      increased by up to 10-fold compared with untreated chicks. It is suggested that
      silica treatment induced macrophage proliferation, with subsequent restriction of
      MD virus spread, yet allowed an adjuvant-type effect with other antigens.

PMID- 179949
TI  - Genetic control of natural immunity to ecotropic mouse leukemia viruses: immune
      response genes.
AB  - Humoral immune response to ectropic leukemia viruses in AKR and C57BL/6 mice was
      controlled by a gene that mapped in linkage group IX. Mice of the AKR strain had
      an immune nonresponsive allele of this gene, whereas mice of the C57BL/6 strain
      had an immune responsive allele. Antibody against murine leukemia virus (MuLV)
      reacted primarily with p15 protein of the viral envelope. It was concluded that
      the failure to find antibody production in AKR mice was the result of a genetic
      immunological defect, rather than the result of immunological tolerance that was
      induced by the persistent viremia of endogenous MuLV.

PMID- 179950
TI  - Interaction of Chlamydia trachomatis organisms and HeLa 229 cells.
AB  - The infection of HeLa 229 cells in monolayer culture with trachoma (B/TW-5/OT)
      and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) (L2/434/Bu) organism was studied in terms of
      two parameters: radioactivity counts of cell-associated tritium labeled organisms
      at the initial stage of inoculation for measurement of attachment, and inclusion
      counts of infection cells after incubation for measurement of growth. Factors
      affecting attachment and inclusion formation and correlation of the two are
      presented. It was shown that attachment is an important initial step in infection
      by Chlamydia trachomatis. The rate of attachment was temperature dependent. The
      attachment of LGV organisms was affected more profoundly by temperature than was
      that of trachoma organisms. Attachment and inclusion formation of trachoma and
      LGV organisms were inhibited by heparin. Diethylaminoethyl-dextran was again
      shown to enhance attachment and inclusion formation of trachoma but not LGV
      organisms. NaF had no effect on attachment, but inhibited inclusion formation of
      both trachoma and LGV organisms. Both attachment and inclusion formation of
      trachoma organisms were strongly enhanced by centrifugation of the inoculum onto
      the cell monolayer. Although inclusion formation of trachoma organism was much
      greater in susceptible cells (HeLa 229) than relatively insusceptible cells
      (fetal tonsil), attachment was only slightly greater. The results based on the
      test of two cell lines suggested that attachment prpbably is not a critical
      factor in determing a cell line's susceptibility to infection with trachoma
      organisms.

PMID- 179951
TI  - Quantitation of antibody to hepatitis A antigen by immune electron microscopy.
AB  - A set of precipitin reactions was performed by immune electron microscopy (IEM)
      with hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) and varying quantities of antibody to HA A q
      (anti-HA). Serial dilution of anti-HA resulted in progressive diminution in IEM
      antibody rating. These data, together with a highly significant correlation
      between IEM ratings and immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) titers on 92
      coded serum samples, confirm that quantitative serology development can be
      performed by IEM. To demonstrate the different kinetics of antibody development
      by IEM and IAHA, we used both techniques to test for anti-HA in longitudinally
      collected sera from  a chimpanzee experimentally infected with hepatitis A virus.
      Detection of anti-HA was possible by IEM during acute hepatitis, but IAHA anti-HA
      was not observed until approximately 4 weeks later. Six weeks after acute
      illness, IEM ratings reached a plateau beyond which IAHA titers continued to rise
      gradually. Peak titers were achieved 11 months after inoculation.

PMID- 179952
TI  - Vaccinia virus meningitis in mice after intracerebral inoculation.
AB  - The pathogenesis of experimental vaccinia virus infection in weanling mice after
      intracerebral inoculation was followed with virological, histological, and
      immunohistological methods. High-dose inoculation, virus spread from brain to
      thoracic and abdominal viscera probably by an undetected early viremia. Virus did
      rise to detectable levels in blood by day 5 and was found to be associated with
      the mononuclear cell fraction. By day 12, 30% of the animals had died and no
      further deaths occurred. Rise of neutralizing antibody correlated with
      disappearance of cell-free virus in blood, brain, and viscera. Virus was present
      in the brains of animals for 20 days after inoculation. This animal model may be
      useful to study mechanisms of persistent central nervous system virus disease
      relevant to man.

PMID- 179953
TI  - Comparison of central nervous system disease produced by wild-type and
      temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - The pathogenicity of infection produced following intracerebral (i.c.)
      inoculation of wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or temperature
      sensitive (ts) mutants of VSV was compared. ts mutants used were ts 31 (VSV
      complementation group II) and ts 41 (VSV complementation group IV). The i.c.
      injection of wild-type VSV in weanling Swiss mice produced a rapidly fatal
      encephalitis with death of mice in 2 to 3 days. Histopathologically, such mice
      exhibited minimal changes of encephalitis on light microscopy. In contrast to the
      highly virulent, rapidly fatal central nervous system (CNS) infection seen after
      i.c. inoculation of wild-type VSV, infection with ts 31 VSV produced a more
      slowly progressive CNS infection characterized by hind limb paralysis and death 6
      to 9 days after infection. Histopathologically, CNS infection with ts 31 is
      associated with previously unreported extensive spongiform changes in the gray
      matter of the spinal cord. The inoculation of ts 41 i.c., on the other hand, did
      not result in either clinical illness or histopathological changes in the spinal
      cords or brains of infected mice. The absence of clinical and histopathological
      lesions following i.c. infection of ts 41 VSV suggests that the capacity to alter
      the pathogenesis of VSV CNS infection may be a function of only certain ts
      mutants of VSV.

PMID- 179954
TI  - The binding properties of rabbit antibodies against various penicillins as
      studied by immunoprecipitation, indirect haemagglutination and radiometric
      immunoassay.
AB  - Rabbit antibodies raised against protein conjugates of azidocillin (AzO),
      ampicillin (AmpO), benzylpenicillin (BPO) and crude 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6
      APA) gave rise to two precipitation lines in immunoprecipitation tests against
      penicillin protein conjugates where the carrier was unrelated to the immunogens.
      This pattern verifies extensive cross-reactions between penicillins, which have
      previously been reported. The use of AzO-coated rabbit red cells in indirect
      haemagglutination (IHA) inhibition tests showed good reactivity (a) between the
      inhibitor AzO and antibodies raised against AzO, AmpO and BPO, (b) between the
      inhibitor AmpO and antibodies raised against AmpO and BPO, (c) between the
      inhibitor BPO and antibodies raised against BPO. When BPO-coated red cells were
      used, AzO, AmpO and BPO inhibited the IHA activity of antibodies against the BPO.
      Varying IHA results were obtained using differently conjugated rabbit red cells.
      Thus antibodies against AmpO gave higher titres when using AzO- than BPO-coated
      red cells while for antibodies against BPO the opposite was noted. The
      radiometric assay utilizing AzO-serum albumin as tracer as well as reference
      substance resulted in significantly higher values for antisera against AzO and
      AmpO compared with those for antisera against crude 6-APA. Antisera against BPO
      were not analysed in this respect. Furthermore, there was poor correlation
      between the results obtained with the indirect IHA technique and the radiometric
      immunoassay.

PMID- 179955
TI  - Differential induction of Epstein-Barr virus-related antigens in human
      lymphoblastoid cells by virus-mediated cell-to-cell contact.
AB  - Differential induction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related antigens was observed
      after Sendai virus-medicated fusion of producer and non-producer cells with
      various human and mouse cells. The EBV-determined early nuclear antigen (ENA),
      early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) could be induced at a high rate
      in producer cells (P3HR-1 and B95-8), normally expressing these antigens at very
      low frequency, as early as 12-24 h after fusion with each other or with human
      amnion FL cells. In contrast, only one antigen, ENA, was induced in producer
      cells following fusion with non-producer cells. This limited induction occurred
      also in non-producer cells fused with FL cells, but not after fusion with each
      other. EBV induction did not result from fusion of either producer or non
      producer cells with mouse cells (L-M (TK-) Cl1D and MCB-L). The differential
      induction was not the result of heterokaryon formation as determined by
      autoradiography. The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 179957
TI  - The detection of virus DNA sequences in a herpes type 2 transformed hamster cell
      line (333-8-9).
AB  - Herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA labelled in vitro with 125I has been used as a
      probe to search for virus DNA sequences in the 333-8-9 line of transformed
      primary hamster cells and in clines derived from the line. Virus DNA sequences
      were present when the cells were examined initially but these sequences were lost
      on subsequent handling. No virus sequences were detected in clones derived from
      the line. It is suggested that the presence of virus DNA is an unstable
      characteristic of the cell line and that these sequences may be lost at cell
      division. The possibility that a small fragment of the genome remains cannot be
      excluded.

PMID- 179956
TI  - RNA associated with non-histone chromosomal proteins in rat liver and in ascites
      hepatoma.
AB  - The purpose of the experiments was to determine if changes in the post
      transcriptional processing of RNA in the hepatoma also affect the low molecular
      weight nuclear RNA which is transcribed from families of related genes and
      associated with non-histone chromosomal proteins. Separation of non-histone
      chromosomal proteins on Sephadex G-200 into three fractions separated the low
      molecular weight RNA associated with these proteins into metabolically stable RNA
      firmly bound to the first eluted fractions of high molecular weight non-histone
      chromosomal proteins, and into a metabolically active RNA which is eluted with
      the third protein fraction and can be separated from the low molecular weight non
      histone chromosomal proteins by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A 25 (fraction
      III RNA). In liver as well as in hepatoma, this fraction III RNA represents about
      50% of the RNA associated with the non-histone chromosomal proteins. Fraction III
      RNA from both tissues has an approximate molecular weight of 13,000, is rich in
      guanylic acid, is lacking dihydropyrimidines and is copied from the repetitive
      sequences of DNA. The content of uridylic acid is much higher in fraction III RNA
      isolated from hepatoma than in the same RNA isolated from liver, and competitive
      hybridization has shown that hepatoma fraction III RNA contains not only new base
      sequences which are not present in liver fraction III RNA, but also lacks some
      sequences which are present in the liver RNA. The technique of RNA/DNA
      hybridization in the presence of competing RNA has shown that, in hepatoma, the
      cytoplasmic RNA competes with more than 60% of the fraction III RNA for the
      hybridization sites on repetitive DNA. No competition was found when liver
      cytoplasmic RNA was used. The low ratio of competing hepatoma cytoplasmic RNA or
      of liver or hepatoma nuclear RNA which is required to displace fraction III RNA
      from its hybridization with DNA indicates that this RNA is synthesized and in
      hepatoma is also released into the cytoplasm as a part of larger RNA molecules.
      The detection of the nucleotide sequences found in liver associated with non
      histone chromosomal proteins in the cytoplasm of hepatoma cells is evidence for
      extensive disruption of the post-transcriptional control in hepatoma.

PMID- 179958
TI  - Clonal derivatives of a herpes type 2 transformed hamster cell line (333-8-9):
      cytogenetic analysis, tumorigenicity and virus sequence detection.
AB  - The characteristics of the Syrian hamster cell line (333-8-9), putatively
      transformed by herpes virus type 2 (HSV-2), strain 333, have been examined. The
      line has been cloned and the clones characterized cytogenetically and
      morphologically. The original line and the clones have been assayed for
      tumorigenicity and for the presence of herpes-virus-specific nucleic acid
      sequences using in situ hybridization with 125I HSV-2 DNA. The line 333-8-9 is
      hyperdiploid with a mode of 49 chromosomes and contains a spectrum of cytogenetic
      marker chromosomes present in varying frequencies. The clones demonstrate a
      segregation of these marker chromosomes and other abnormal chromosomes. Cloned
      lines have distinct stem-cell types with the characteristic abnormal chromosomes
      present in a high percentage of cells. Some of the marker chromosomes have been
      identified by Giemsa  banding techniques. All the clones have distinctive,
      persistent in vitro morphologies, ranging from purely epithelial to purely
      fibroblastic. They differ from the line 333-8-9 and between themselves in
      tumorigenicity, varying from highly tumorigenic to entirely non-tumorigenic.
      Herpes virus 2 specific sequences have been detected in the original cell line
      and in all but two of the clones. There does not appear to be any obvious
      correlation between the three parameters of: (1) detection of HSV-2 information;
      (2) marker chromosome occurrence; and (3) tumorigenicity.

PMID- 179959
TI  - Characterization of an early cytotoxicity-inducing factor in sera of Japanese
      quails after inoculation with Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - By pre-treatment with serum of normal spleen cells used in the microcytotoxicity
      assay, a humoral factor which induces cytotoxic activity in normal spleen cells
      was demonstrated in about 40% of sera of Japanese quails as early as 3 days after
      inoculation with Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). This cytotoxicity-inducing activity
      was not present either in the IgM or the IgG fraction obtained by Sephadex gel
      filtration. In sera of quails with experimentally induced agammaglobulinemia, the
      cytotoxicity-inducing activity was demonstrated at the same frequency as in
      normal animals. Thus, it seems unlikely that the early cytotoxicity-inducing
      factor is an immunoglobulin. On the other hand, membrane fractions extracted with
      3 M potassium chloride from the RSV-induced quail tumor (QT) cells used as target
      cells in the microcytotoxicity assay exhibited cytotoxicity-inducing activity.
      After spontaneous regression of an RSV-induced tumor the serum of the regressor
      quail contained antibodies specific to the QT cell extract. This serum removed
      the cytotoxicity-inducing activity of both QT cell extract and serum sampled 3
      days after RSV inoculation. In contrast, serum without antibody to the QT cell
      extract failed to absorb the cytotoxicity-inducing activity of the extract. It is
      therefore suggested that soluble tumor antigens can act as an early cytotoxicity
      inducing factor.

PMID- 179960
TI  - Tumorigenicity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoid line cells in
      autologous squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Eight squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) challenged with EBV or EBV-transformed
      SLCL were naturally or experimentally infected with Plasmodium knowlesi or Pl.
      brasilianum. Most of the animals had been splenectomized and unilaterally
      nephrectomized. Three of these monkeys received one dose of 6 to 12 X 10(8)
      autologous SLCL. These lines were derived from saimiri lymphoid cells permanently
      transformed by B-EBV in vitro. All three animals developed multiple
      undifferentiated malignant lymphomas and died 8 to 10 days post inoculation.
      Necropsy tumor specimens were EBNA-positive and contained 7 to 21 EBV genome
      equivalents per cell. EBNA- and EA-positive SLCL were established in vitro from
      four tumor explants of two monkeys. These results demonstrate that in vitro EBV
      transformed SLCL are able to cause tumor formation in autologous squirrel
      monkeys. Five monkeys received high transforming doses of B-EBV or S-EBV, derived
      from one of the tumorigenic SLCL. None of the animals developed any sign of tumor
      formation during an observation period of up to 130 days. Three of these monkeys
      showed no detectable EBV-related seroconversion while the sera of two monkeys had
      become anti-EBNA-positive when tested at days 28 and 130 respectively post
      inoculation. Two additional monkeys received neither EBV nor SLCL. They showed no
      clinical evidence of tumor development or spontaneous seroconversion over a
      period of more than 1 year.

PMID- 179961
TI  - Regulation of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in
      adult Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda).

PMID- 179962
TI  - N-acetylserine in horse muscle  acylphosphatase.
AB  - A ninhydrin-negative peptide fraction obtained from tryptic digest of
      carboxymethyl acylphosphatase was isolated by chromatography on a column of PA 28
      Beckman resin and analysed for the amino acid composition. Degradation with
      carboxypeptidase B and A indicated that the sequence of this peptide was: X-Thr
      Ala-Arg. The amino-terminal residue was identified as N-acetylserine by high
      voltage electrophoresis. It is therefore suggested that the sequence of the NH2
      terminal portion of CM-acylphosphatase is N-acetyl-Ser-Thr-Ala-Arg. Digestion
      with carboxypeptidase A and B indicated also that the COOH-terminal portion of CM
      acylphosphatase is-Arg-Tyr-OH.

PMID- 179963
TI  - Appearance of Epstein-Barr virus-determined nuclear antigen in human epithelial
      cells following fusion with lymphoid cells.
AB  - When human epithelial FL cells were fused with lymphoid cells harboring Epstein
      Barr virus (EBV) genome, EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) immunofluorescence
      became evident in high frequency in FL nuclei of heterokaryons several days after
      fusion. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the
      presence of EBV genome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

PMID- 179964
TI  - Temperature-dependent synthesis of early and late SV40 cytoplasmic RNA during
      tsD101 mutant virion infection.

PMID- 179965
TI  - Presence of herpesvirus-associated antigens on the surfaces of transformed,
      tumor, and metastatic cells and enhanced antigenicity of transformed cells using
      5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine.
AB  - Using a direct immunofluorescence technique, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
      transformed cells and cell lines subsequently derived from tumors and metastases
      were examined for the presence of HSV-1-associated surface antigens. Fluorescein
      labeled immunoglobulins derived from antisera were used and included anti-HSV-1
      (from hamsters), sera from tumor-bearing hamsters, and antibodies prepared in
      rabbits against cell material shed early into the medium after infection of
      rabbit kidney cells with HSV-1. All immunoglobulins showed the greatest
      reactivity with cell lines derived from tumors and metastatic lesions. There
      appeared to be little or no reactivity on the surfaces of the transformed cells.
      Transformed cells treated with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine for 48 h, however, showed
      an enhanced reactivity which approached that seen with the tumor-derived cell
      lines.

PMID- 179966
TI  - Comparison of herpes simplex virus isolates using a quantitative selection assay
      for transformation.
AB  - Transformation potential of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
      was quantitatively compared in a system selecting for biochemical transformants.
      The highest frequency of transformation was obtained with HSV-2 strain 333. The
      transformation rates for two strains of HSV-1 were lower and distinctly different
      from HSV-2 and from each other. The dose of inactivating ultraviolet light
      received by the virus and the multiplicity of infection proved to be critical
      components of the procedure. Clones of these biochemically transformed cells
      expressed HSV-specific antigens, altered cell morphology, and increased levels of
      thymidine kinase activity. Isolates of HSV-1 recovered from the same site 11
      years apart yielded similar transforming frequencies. These results suggest that
      this assay should prove useful in further characterizing the biological
      properties of HSV.

PMID- 179967
TI  - Particles morphologically resembling mouse hepatitis virus in nude mouse uterus.
AB  - Particles morphologically resembling mouse hepatitis virus were observed in
      uterine gland lumens and endometrial cells of 8 nude mice. Although 3 mice had
      been experimentally inoculated with baboon type C viral-infected materials, no
      ultrastructural evidence of oncornavirus-associated structures was observed.

PMID- 179968
TI  - The effect of culture on ultrastructure of dissociated rabbit adenohypophysial
      cells.
AB  - Cells from the rabbit pars distalis and pars intermedia have been cultured in
      several ways. In clump cultures the glandular adenohypophysial cells of the
      primary clump remain identifiable for long periods. Both acidophil and mucoid
      cells can be maintained in this way for over 50 days. During this time two
      different modes of granule extrusion are observed, one being found only in
      acidophil cells and the other being exclusive to mucoid cells. From this it is
      concluded that specific release of secretory products from these cells can occur
      in the absence of hypothalmic control. A special form of collagenous fibre is
      produced in clump cultures. Monolayer cell cultures are derived either from
      isolated adenohypophysial cells or from secondarily aggregated clumps, but in
      either case the predominant cells are fibroblasts, which persist for over 50 days
      (as isolated cultures) and for over 90 days (as spreads from clumps). Rounded
      cells can be recognized as a separate type in isolated cell culture.

PMID- 179970
TI  - Synthesis of (beta-methyl-3H-)-benzylpenicillin and (beta-methyl-3H)-6
      aminopenicillanic acid.
AB  - The synthesis of benzylpenicillin and 6-aminopenicillanic acid, labeled with
      tritium in the beta-methyl group, is described. Benzylpenicillin S-sulfoxide
      benzyl ester is refluxed in benzene and tritiated water and is successively
      debenzylated and deoxygenated to (beta-methyl-3H)-benzylpenicillin. Removal of
      the side chain with a bacterial acylase gives (beta-methyl-3H)-6
      aminopenicillanic acid.

PMID- 179971
TI  - Letter: Cephaloridine penetration of bone.

PMID- 179972
TI  - Respiratory load compensation in infants.
AB  - We have studied the respiratory compensation for elastic loads in 15 term and
      preterm infants. Elastic loads, approximately equal to the infant's effective
      elastance, were applied to the airway for five breaths while tidal volume and
      mask pressure were monitored. Motion of the rib cage and abdomen were monitored
      simultaneously with magnetometers. The studies were done both in active or REM
      sleep and in quiet or non-REM sleep. During quiet sleep the load immediately
      reduced the tidal volume by about 50% but a progressive increase in tidal volume
      occurred over the next four loaded breaths. During active sleep load compensation
      was disorganized with respect to both tidal volume and frequency, and
      compensation was significantly less. Active sleep was also characterized by
      marked rib cage distortion. We suggest that during active sleep there is tonic
      inhibition of the intercostal muscles, allowing the diaphragm to distort the rib
      cage. This distortion impairs load compensation by a direct mechanical effect and
      indirectly by initiating an intercostal-phrenic reflex.

PMID- 179969
TI  - Ultrastructural features of human cerebral cortex.
AB  - Neuronal and glial elements have been examined in the temporal or frontal cortex
      of four brains with normal parenchyma. The identifying features recognized in
      animal brains have been found valid in human cortex for stellate and pyramidal
      neurons and their dendrites, spines, synapses, initial segments of axons, nodes
      of Ranvier and axon terminals; also for astrocytes, oligodendrocytes of various
      electron densities, pericytes, blood vessels and basement lamina, and for the
      relation of subarachnoid space to arterioles. However, most microglial cells have
      unexpectedly sparse and pale cytoplasm with few organelles, and the distribution
      of glial nuclear chromatin is not entirely in accordance with that described in
      animal brains. Fusiform neurons have been identified, and their cytoplasm
      resembles that of stellate cells. Peculiarities of human cortex include a nuclear
      inclusion that is present in stellate neurons only. Two neuronal cell-body
      profiles were myelinated, and a blood capillary was seen to penetrate a neuron.
      Somatic spines were found occasionally with or without synapses. Ribosomes can be
      present in axons, espicially at nodes of Ranvier, and a small portion of axon
      terminals contain a variety of dense bodies of which some are derived from
      mitochondria. Endoplasmic reticulum can occur in a compressed stack in neurons,
      and an unusual vesicular organelle has been seen in dendrites, axons and somata.
      Astrocytes as well as oligodendrocytes and occasional microglial cells act as
      satellites to neurons, and the exchange of a membrane-bound body between a neuron
      and asatellite glial cell is illustrated. Some dark pycnotic neurons were
      present, and it was remarkable that a closely apposed neuron could be entirely
      normal. These findings are compared with published descriptions of cortical
      ultrastructure in the brains of laboratory animals.

PMID- 179973
TI  - Effects of crp mutations on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate metabolism in
      Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Wild-type Salmonella typhimurium could not grow with exogenous cyclic adenosine
      3',5'-monophosphate (AMP) as the sole source of phosphate, but mutants capable of
      cyclic AMP utilization could be isolated provided the parental strain contained a
      functional cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.All cyclic AMP-utilizing mutants had the
      growth and fermentation properties of cyclic AMP receptor protein (crp) mutants,
      and some lacked cyclic AMP binding activity in vitro. The genetic defect in each
      such mutant was due to a single point mutation, which was co-transducible with
      cysG. crp mutants isolated by alternative procedures also exhibited the capacity
      to utilize cyclic AMP. crp mutants synthesized cyclic AMP at increased rates and
      contained enhanced cellular cyclic AMP levels relative to the parental strains,
      regardless of whether or not cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase was active. Moreover,
      adenylate cyclase activity in vivo was less sensitive to regulation by glucose,
      possibly because the enzyme II complexes of the phosphotransferase system,
      responsible for glucose transport and phosphorylation, could not be induced to
      maximal levels. This possibility was strengthened by the observation that enzyme
      II activity (measured both in vitro by sugar phosphorylation and in vivo by sugar
      transport and chemotaxis) was inducible in the parental strain but not in crp
      mutants. The results suggest that the cyclic AMP receptor protein regulates
      cyclic AMP metabolism as well as catabolic enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 179974
TI  - Regulation of tyramine oxidase synthesis in Klebsiella aerogenes.
AB  - Tyramine oxidase in Klebsiella aerogenes is highly specific for tyramine,
      dopamine, octopamine, and norepinephrine, and its synthesis is induced
      specifically by these compounds. The enzyme is present in a membrane-bound form.
      The Km value for tyramine is 9 X 10(-4) M. Tyramine oxidase synthesis was
      subjected to catabolite repression by glucose in the presence of ammonium salts.
      Addition of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) overcame the catabolite
      repression. A mutant strain, K711, which can produce a high level of beta
      galactosidase in the presence of glucose and ammonium chloride, can also
      synthesize tyramine oxidase and histidase in the presence of inducer in glucose
      ammonium medium. Catabolite repression of tyramine oxidase synthesis was relieved
      when the cells were grown under conditions of nitrogen limitation, whereas beta
      galactosidase was strongly repressed under these conditions. A cAMP-requiring
      mutant, MK54, synthesized tyramine oxidase rapidly when tyramine was used as the
      sole source of nitrogen in the absence of cAMP. However, a glutamine synthetase
      constitutive mutant, MK94, failed to synthesize tyramine oxidase in the presence
      of glucose and ammonium chloride, although it synthesized histidase rapidly under
      these conditions. These results suggest that catabolite repression of tyramine
      oxidase synthesis in K. aerogenes is regulated by the intracellular level of cAMP
      and an unknown cytoplasmic factor that acts independently of cAMP and is formed
      under conditions of nitrogen limitation.

PMID- 179976
TI  - Isolation and heteroduplex mapping of a lambda transducing bacteriophage carrying
      the structural genes for carbamoylphosphate synthase: regulation of enzyme
      synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12 lysogens.
AB  - A N-lambda bacteriophage transducing the structural genes for Escherichia coli K
      12 carbamoylphosphate synthase (glutamine) (CPSase; EC 2.7.2.9) has been isolated
      and analyzed both genetically and physically. The whole int-N region is
      substituted for a short chromosomal segment corresponding almost exactly to the
      car locus. The study of CPSase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase, and aspartate
      carbamoyltransferase regulation in carriers of lambdadcar confirms the previously
      reported participation of the argR gene product in the control of CPSase
      synthesis and points to the existence of a regulatory molecule involved in the
      control of both CPSase and aspartate carbamoyltransferase synthesis. The general
      usefulness of using N- lambda transducing bacteriophages for the recovery of
      large amounts of gene products is discussed.

PMID- 179975
TI  - Repression of Escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthase: relationships with
      enzyme synthesis in the arginine and pyrimidine pathways.
AB  - Cumulative repression of Escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthase (CPSase; EC
      2.7.2.9) by arginine and pyrimidine was analyzed in relation to control enzyme
      synthesis in the arginine and pyrimidine pathways. The expression of carA and
      carB, the adjacent genes that specify the two subunits of the enzyme, was
      estimated by means of an in vitro complementation assay. The synthesis of each
      gene product was found to be under repression control. Coordinate expression of
      the two genes was observed under most conditions investigated. They might thus
      form an operon. The preparation of strains blocked in the degradation of cytidine
      and harboring leaky mutations affecting several steps of pyrimidine nucleotide
      synthesis made it possible to distinguish between the effects of cytidine and
      uridine compounds in the repression of the pyrimidine pathway enzymes. The data
      obtained suggest that derivatives of both cytidine and uridine participate in the
      repression of CPSase. In addition, repression of CPSase by arginine did not
      appear to occur unless pyrimidines were present at a significant intracellular
      concentration. This observation, together with our previous report that argR
      mutations impair the cumulative repression of CPSase, suggests that this control
      is mediated through the concerted effects of regulatory elements specific for the
      arginine and pyrimidine pathways.

PMID- 179977
TI  - Peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Micrococcus luteus (sodonensis): transglycosidase
      and phosphodiesterase activities in membrane preparations.
AB  - Two enzyme activities involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan in
      Micrococcus luteus (sodonensis), a transglycosidase and a phosphodiesterase, have
      been demonstrated in isolated membrane preparations. The transglycosidase
      activity promotes the in vitro synthesis of an uncross-bridged peptidoglycan that
      is completely susceptible to lysozyme. This in vitro-synthesized peptidoglycan
      consists of 76% "soluble" and 24% "insoluble" material. The soluble peptidoglycan
      is primarily a single low-molecular-weight species of approximately 20
      disaccharide peptide units. "Insoluble" peptidoglycan, which likely represents
      newly synthesized material incorporated into an existing cell wall, was
      solubilized by butanol extraction, and the two were compared. The
      phosphodiesterase activity demonstrated in this system cleaves uridine
      diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine to
      yield N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine plus
      uridine 5'-monophosphate plus inorganic phosphate. This phosphodiesterase
      activity, not detected under normal transglycosidase assay conditions, is a
      recycling mechanism and acts indirectly through formation and subsequent cleavage
      of a lipid-linked intermediate.

PMID- 179979
TI  - D-Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and polyhedral inclusion bodies in
      Thiobacillus intermedius.
AB  - The growth-related parameters of Thiobacillus intermedius, cultured in glutamate
      CO2-S2O32- medium, have been determined. After centrifugation at 48,000 X g for 1
      h, 24% of the D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity of the
      disrupted-cell suspensions obtained from CO2-S2O32--and glutamate-CO2-S2O3(3)-
      grown cells could be sedimented, and the specific activities of this enzyme in
      the supernatant fractions were almost equivalent. The enzyme was stable in T.
      intermedius starved of thiosulfate in the presence and absence of glutamate, but
      a progressive decrease was evident in several growth cycles, each cycle supported
      by resupplementation of cells with thiosulfate. Polyhedral inclusion bodies were
      present in CO2-S2O3(2)- and glutamate-CO2S2O3(2)- grown cells. The number of
      polyhedral bodies per cell increased during mixotrophic growth approximately in
      proportion to the observed increase in the specific activity of RuBPCase.
      RuBPCase could not be detected in T. intermedius grown heterotrophically on yeast
      extract, nor could polyhedral bodies be found.

PMID- 179978
TI  - Characterization of intracytoplasmic hydrocarbon inclusions from the hydrocarbon
      oxidizing Acinetobacter species HO1-N.
AB  - The ultrastructure of Acinetobacter sp. strain HO1-N grown on hydrocarbon and
      nonhydrocarbon substrates was compared using thin sections and freeze-etching.
      Hydrocarbon-grown cells were characterized by the presence of intracytoplasmic
      membrane-bound hexadecane inclusions. This membrane did not exhibit a typical
      unit membrane structure but appeared as a monolayer. The freeze-etch technique
      revealed the internal structure of the hexadecane inclusions and provided
      evidence for the presence of a smooth-surfaced limiting membrane. Freeze-etching
      also revealed intracytoplasmic membranes in the hexadecane-grown cells. These
      ultrastructural modifications were not present in nonhydrocarbon-grown cells. The
      hexadecane inclusions were isolated from Acinetobacter. Negative-staining of the
      inclusions revealed electron-transparent vesicles approximating the size of the
      inclusions seen in whole cells. Freeze-etching of the purified inclusions
      revealed membrane-bound vesicles. The purified inclusions exhibited a relatively
      high value of lipid phosphorus to protein. The lipid composition and the
      electrophoretic banding pattern of the inclusions on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels were determined and compared with other membrane fractions
      (outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane) previously isolated from this organism.

PMID- 179981
TI  - Association of messenger ribonucleic acid with 70S monosomes from down-shifted
      Escherichia coli.
AB  - The complexed 70S ribosomes (monosomes) that accumulate in Escherichia coli after
      an energy source shift-down were examined in an electron microscope. In all
      cases, the ribosomes lie at or near one end of a ribonucleic acid (RNA) strand.
      This messenger RNA (mRNA) has a mean length of 168 nm and a length-average length
      of 200 nm, sufficient to code for polypeptides of a weight-average molecular
      weight of 20,000. The length distribution indicates that these strands are a
      reasonable representation of the population of monocistronic mRNA's of E. coli.
      The mRNA strands disappear entirely upon digestion with pancreatic ribonuclease,
      phosphodiesterase I, or polynucleotide phosphorylase. The susceptibility to
      digestion by 3'-exonucleases indicate that the ribosomes lie at the 5' end of the
      mRNA strands. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that down-shifted
      cells have a translational defect at a point subsequent to the binding of
      ribosomes to mRNA but prior to the formation of the first peptide bond, such that
      ribosomes remain bound at or near their points of initial attachment to mRNA.

PMID- 179980
TI  - Control of the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase and the phosphate-binding
      protein in Escherichia coli.
AB  - Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunological
      techniques, we have compared the synthesis of the phoA protein (alkaline
      phosphatase) and the phoS protein (phosphate-binding protein) in response to the
      level of phosphate in the medium in different genetic backgrounds containing the
      known alkaline phosphatase control mutations. Both proteins are produced in
      excess phosphate media in a phoR1a- strain, whereas neither protein is produced
      in a phoB- strain even under derepression conditions. In four different phoR1c-
      strains, however, the phoA product cannot be detected in extracts of cells
      obtained from any growth condition, whereas the phoS product is produced in both
      excess and limiting phosphate media. It is not yet known if phoR1c- mutants are a
      special class of mutations within the phoB gene or whether they occur in a
      separate cistron involved in alkaline phosphatase regulation. From these results
      we conclude that the expression of the phoA gene is not always co-regulated with
      expression of the phoS gene product. We have determined that the phoS protein is
      a component of periplasmic protein band P4 described by Morris et al. (1974). The
      phoS product lacks sulfur-containing amino acids and is extractable by treatment
      with polymyxin sulfate. The other component of band P4 contains methionine and/or
      cysteine and is not extracted by polymyxin sulfate treatment. Like the phoS and
      phoA proteins, its synthesis is sensitive to the concentration of phosphate in
      the growth medium. In addition, the existence of a new class of periplasmic
      proteins synthesized at maximum rate in high phosphate media is demonstrated.

PMID- 179982
TI  - Natural and altered induction of the L-fucose catabolic enzymes in Klebsiella
      aerogenes.
AB  - Mutants of Klebsiella aerogenes W70 were isolated that had gained the ability to
      utilize the uncommon pentose D-arabinose as their sole source of carbon and
      energy. In contrast to the D-arabinose-negative, parent strain, these mutants
      were found to be either constitutive for certain enzymes of the L-fucose
      catabolic pathway or inducible for such enzymes when incubated in the presence of
      D-arabinose. The mutants used L-fucose isomerase to convert D-arabinose to D
      ribulose, which is an intermediate and inducer of the ribitol catabolic pathway.
      The D-ribulokinase of the ribitol pathway was then induced. This enzyme catalyzed
      the phosphorylation of D-ribulose at the 5-carbon position. Mutants that were
      negative for D-ribulokinase could still dissimilate D-arabinose slowly by using
      all three enzymes, the isomerase, kinase, and aldolase, of the L-fucose pathway.
      Using condition negative mutants, we were able to demonstrate that the natural
      induction of the L-fucose pathway enzymes by L-fucose required the activity of a
      functional L-fucose isomerase and a functional L-fuculokinase but not an L
      fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase. A metabolic intermediate, L-fuculose-1-phosphate,
      was thereby shown to be a probable inducer of at least the isomerase and kinase
      of the L-fucose catabolic pathway. Similar experiments, with D-arabinose-positive
      mutants, which were induced for the L-fucose pathway enzymes upon incubation with
      D-arabinose, revealed that the activities of the L-fucose isomerase and the L
      fuculokinase were also required for the induction of the L-fucose enzymes. These
      D-arabinose-positive mutants apparently produced an altered regulatory protein
      that accepted both L-fuculose-1-phosphate and D-ribulose-1-phosphate as inducers.
      Examination of constitutive mutants revealed that L-fucose isomerase and L
      fuculokinase were both synthesized constitutively, with the aldolase apparently
      under separate control.

PMID- 179984
TI  - A new form of high molecular weight DNA polymerase in the nuclei of rat ascites
      hepatoma cells.
AB  - A new form of high molecular weight DNA polymerase [EC 2.7.7.7] (polymerase N)
      was isolated from the nuclei of rat ascites hepatoma cells. Polymerase C, which
      was isolated previously from whole cell extract, was also isolated from the
      nuclei (Tsuruo, T. and Ukita, T. (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 353, 146-159).
      Polymerase N was not found in the cytoplasmic fraction of the cell, while
      polymerase C existed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. The molecular weight of
      polymerase N (8.7 S) was larger than that of polymerase C (7.4 S). On freezing
      and thawing, polymerase N was converted to polymerase C. In the nucleus the
      amount of polymerase N was larger than that of polymerase C. These data suggest
      that polymerase N, which was specifically present in the nucleus, was a complex
      form of polymerase C. In in vitro assay, polymerase N showed properties similar
      to those of polymerase C. Oligoribonucleotide was an effective initiator for the
      polymerization reaction by polymerase N. The DNA synthesis on single stranded fd
      phage DNA was greatly stimulated by the concomitant synthesis of RNA.

PMID- 179983
TI  - Achromobacter cycloclastes nitrite reductase. The function of copper, amino acid
      composition, and ESR spectra.
AB  - 1. Dialysis against cyanide at pH 7 of Achromobacter cycloclastes nitrite
      reductase [EC 1.7.99.3] of a dissimilatory type led to the removal of about 50%
      of the copper from the enzyme molecule, with a concomitant decrease of the
      enzymatic activities. It was inferred that enzyme-bound copper atoms play an
      essential role in the catalytic activities of the enzyme. 2. The amino acid
      composition of the enzyme was determined after acid hydrolysis. 3. ESR spectra of
      the frozen solution and lyophilized powder of the nitrite reductase predominantly
      showed the presence of two kinds of copper: Type 1 Cu2+, which had narrow and
      sharp hyperfine splitting, and Type 2 Cu2+, which had broader hyperfine
      splitting. The bond between the oxidized enzyme and nitrite seems to be ionic.

PMID- 179985
TI  - Proceedings: Catabolite repression as a pleiotropic response.

PMID- 179986
TI  - Proceedings: Altered biochemical pattern and metabolic regulation in cancer
      cells.?2Ol.

PMID- 179987
TI  - Proceedings: Control of protein phosphorylation by cyclic nucleotides.

PMID- 179988
TI  - A new kinetic property characteristic of the actomyosin-nucleoside
      triphosphatase.
AB  - The nucleoside triphosphatase [EC 3.6.1.15] activity of actomysin and that of
      myosin are measured by varying the concentration of nucleoside triphosphate and
      that of CaCl2 or MgGl2. The results thus obtained are examined by asking a
      question of which is responsbile for the activity, the true substrate and the
      active enzyme in terms of the reaction scheme shown in p. 719. The answers found
      for the above question are summarized in Table I (see p. 720). It is emphasized
      that the summmary (Table I) corresponds very well to the fact that myosin alone
      does not superprecipitate in the presence of either calcium or magnesium ions,
      whereas actomyosin does superprecipitate in the presence of magnesium ions and
      not in the presence of calcium ions. Obviously, the true substrate type of
      reaction scheme represents a kinetic property characteristic of the
      superprecipitation-coupled nucleoside-triphosphatase. It is also noted of the
      summary (Table I) that actin is capable of not only activating Mg-nucleoside
      triphosphatase but also switiching the reaction scheme from the active enzyme
      type to the true substrate type. It is known that trinitrophenylation of myosin
      results in activation of the Mg-ATPase activity of myosin. However, it is now
      found that trinitrophenylation is not capable of switiching the reaction scheme,
      that is to say that the Mg-ATPase reaction of trinitrophenyl-myosin stays with
      the active enzyme type of reaction scheme and that of acto-trinitrophenyl-myosin
      with the true substrate type of reaction scheme. Effect of actin on the function
      of myosin seems, therefore, very unique.

PMID- 179989
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the plasma membranes from rat ascites hepatomas
      and from normal rat livers, including newborn, regenerating, and adult livers.
AB  - Plasma membranes (PM) were isolated from island-forming types of rat ascites
      hepatoma (AH 130, AH 602, and AH 7974) and from their free-cell sublines (AH
      130FN and AH 7974F), and were characterized in terms of electron-microscopic
      morphology, marker enzyme activities, and lipid contents. The results were
      compared with those of the PM isolated in a similar way from newborn,
      regenerating, and adult livers. The marker enzyme activities, such as Na+, K+
      insensitive Mg2+-ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] (Mg2+-ATPase) and 5'-nucleotidase [EC
      3.1.3.5], as well as the phospholipid composition of the PM isolated from
      hepatomas by Wallach's nitrogen gas cavitation method were similar to those
      obtained with the PM isolated by a modification of Emmelot's method, although the
      former method gave a much lower yield in terms of protein than the latter. Based
      on the modified Emmelot method, sufficiently pure PM preparations could be
      obtained from the hepatomas in the form of large membrane sheets without any
      contamination by other identifiable components, as determined with an electron
      microscope, and with high specific activities of the marker enzymes, such as Na+,
      K+-sensitive ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] (Na+, K+ -ATPase), Mg2+ -ATPase, and 5'
      nucleotidase. As for the characteristics of the hepatoma PM, lower specific
      activity of 5'-nucleotidase and higher fatty aldehyde molar percentages in total
      phospholipids were noted in all the PM from the hepatomas in comparison with
      normal liver PM of various origins. The PM from the hepatomas showed an increased
      amount of cholesterol (mumole per mg protein), whereas actively growing newborn
      and regenerating livers gave rather lower amounts in comparison with that of
      normal adult liver.

PMID- 179990
TI  - Urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP) in rabbit chronically poisoned
      with cadmium. Isolation and partial characterization of rabbit RBP.
AB  - Studies were conducted to induce urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein
      (RBP) in the rabbit by long-term administration of cadmium, and to isolate and
      characterize rabbit RBP. Two rabbits were exposed to Cd at a dose of 0.8 and/or
      1.5mg/kg of body weight by means of subcutaneous injections five times per week.
      One rabbit excreted large amounts of protein (0.8 to 1.6 g/day) from days 80 to
      118. The electrophoretic patterns of the urinary protein showed two fluorescent
      bands specific for protein-bound retinol in the alpha-region; these were presumed
      to be RBP. Rabbit RBP was isolated from the pooled urine (10.3 liters) by a
      sequence of procedures which included gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and
      chromatography on DEAE- and SP-Sephadex. Purified RBP (20 mg) was found to be
      homogeneous by physical and immunological criteria. The RBP had alpha-mobility,
      with a molecular weight of approximately 20,000. The properties of rabbit RBP
      resembled those of human RBP simultaneously isolated from the urine of patients
      with "Itai-Itai" disease in many ways: ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra, and
      amino acid compositions. A monospecific anti-rabbit RBP antiserum was raised in a
      goat. There was no immunological cross-reactivity between rabbit and human RBP.
      The molecular size of the retinol-containing protein in fresh rabbit serum was
      estimated to be about 60,000 to 70,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200.
      Rabbit RBP in the serum was also shown to be immunologically identical with
      purified RBP from the urine.

PMID- 179991
TI  - Formation of pyrithiamine pyrophosphate in brain tissue.

PMID- 179992
TI  - Phosphatidylserine synthetase mutants of Escherichia coli. Genetic mapping and
      membrane phospholipid composition.
AB  - Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 defective in CDP-diglyceride:L-serine
      phosphatidyltransferase (phosphatidylserine synthetase) can be isolated by a
      rapid autoradiographic screening assay described previously (Raetz, C. R. H.
      (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 72, 2274-2278). Four organisms of this
      kind have now been characterized. The gene (designated pss) which is altered in
      these mutants is closely linked to the nadB locus near minute 49 on the E. coli
      chromosome. Strains carrying the pss-8 mutation do not grow at elevated
      temperatures and have low levels of an altered synthetase in cell extracts. An
      analysis of several hundred transductants and temperature-resistant revertants
      reveals that the pss-8 mutation is responsible both for the enzyme defect and for
      the phenotype. When a pss-8 mutant is shifted to the nonpermissive temperature,
      the cells stop dividing and form long filaments. After 3 hours at 44 degrees the
      level of phosphatidylethanolamine drops from 66 to 32% (percentage of the total
      lipid phosphorus), while the combined levels of phosphatidylglycerol and
      cardiolipin rise from 34 to 68%.

PMID- 179993
TI  - Restoration of a regulatory response to low density lipoprotein in acid lipase
      deficient human fibroblasts.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that cultured fibroblasts derived from patients with
      genetic defects in lysosomal acid lipase (i. e. the Wolman Syndrome and
      Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease) are defective in their ability to hydrolyze
      the cholesteryl esters contained in plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL). As a
      result, these mutant cells show a reduced responsiveness to the regulatory
      actions of LDL, as evidenced by a decreased LDL-mediated suppression of the
      activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and by a decreased
      LDL-mediated activation of cellular cholesteryl ester formation. In the current
      studies, the Wolman Syndrome and Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease cells were
      grown in the same Petri dish with mutant fibroblasts derived from a patient with
      the homozygous form of Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Whereas pure monolayers of
      either the Familial Hypercholesterolemia cells (lacking cell surface LDL
      receptors) or the acid lipase-deficient cells (lacking cholesteryl ester
      hydrolase activity) responded poorly to LDL, the mixed monolayers developed
      lipoprotein responsiveness as measured by an enhancement of both LDL-mediated
      suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and LDL
      mediated stimulation of cholesteryl ester formation. This effect was shown to
      result from the release of the lysosomal acid lipase from the Familial
      Hypercholesterolemia homozygote cells into the culture medium and its subsequent
      uptake by the acid lipase-deficient cells. The acquisition of this acid lipase
      activity enhanced the ability of the Wolman Syndrome and Cholesteryl Ester
      Storage Disease cells to respond to the lipoprotein by suppression of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and activation of cellular cholesteryl ester
      formation. These data emphasize the importance of the lysosomal acid lipase in
      the cellular metabolism of LDL cholesteryl esters and, in addition, demonstrate
      that delivery of this enzyme to genetically deficient cells can enhance the
      regulatory response to the lipoprotein.

PMID- 179994
TI  - Cell cycle-specific activity of type I and type II cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate-dependent protein kinases in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Types I and II cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein
      kinases have been studied during the cell cycle of Chinese hamster ovary cells.
      Chinese hamster ovary cells were synchronized by selective detachment of mitotic
      cells from monolayer cultures. Protein kinases were separated by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography and were similar to the types of cAMP-dependent protein kinases
      studied in skeletal muscle and in heart extracts. The total amount of protein
      kinases activity per cell was substantial, both in mitosis and at the G1/S
      boundary. During mitosis, the relatively high activity of protein kinase was due
      to a predominance of type I protein kinase. During early G1, the activity of type
      I protein kinase decreased and there was little detectable type II activity. A
      rapid increase in the activity of type II was evident at the G1/S boundary. The
      administration of puromycin (50 mug/ml) from 1 to 5 hours after selective
      detachment of mitotic cells abolished the activity of type II cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase seen at the G1/S border, but had no observable effect on the
      activity of type I protein kinase. The data presented demonstrate cell cycle
      specific activity patterns of type I and type II protein kinase Type I protein
      kinase activity is high in mitosis and is constant throughout the cell cycle.
      Increased type II protein kinase activity seems to be related to the initiation
      of DNA synthesis in S phase. The data suggest a translational control of type II
      cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.

PMID- 179995
TI  - Properties of follitropin-receptor interaction. Characterization of the
      interaction of follitropin with receptors in purified membranes isolated from
      mature rat testes tubules.

PMID- 179996
TI  - Dissociation and reassociation of the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms
      of adenosine 3':5' -monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from bovine cardiac
      muscle.
AB  - Adenosine 3':5' -monophosphate (cyclic AMP) -dependent protein kinase from bovine
      heart muscle catalyzes the phosphorylation of its regulatory, cyclic AMP-binding
      subunit. Phosphorylation enhances net dissociation of the enzyme by cyclic AMP.
      Chromatography on omega-aminohexyl-agarose was used to study the effects of
      phosphorylation on cyclic AMP binding and subunit dissociation and reassociation.
      This method permitted rapid separation of the catalytic subunit from the cyclic
      AMP -binding protein and holoenzyme. Phospho- and dephosphoprotein kinases were
      found to dissociate to the same extent at any given concentration of cyclic AMP
      and completely at saturation. At equilibrium, the amount of cyclic AMP bound was
      the same for both forms of enzyme and was directly proportional to the degree of
      dissociation of the holoenzyme. In the absence of cyclic AMP, phospho- and
      dephospho-cyclic AMP-binding proteins reassociated completely with the catalytic
      subunit. However, the rate of reassociation of the dephospho-cyclic AMP-binding
      protein was at least 5 times greater than the phospho-cyclic AMP-binding protein.
      Retardation of reassociation was directly proportional to the extent of
      phosphorylation. We conclude that the degree to which the cyclic AMP-binding
      protein is phosphorylated markedly affects its intrinsic ability to combine with
      the catalytic subunit to regenerate the inactive cyclic nucleotide-dependent
      kinase and that the state of phosphorylation of this subunit may be important in
      detemining the proportion of dissociated (active) and reassociated (inactive)
      protein kinase at any given time.

PMID- 179997
TI  - Modification of Escherichia coli DNA ligase by cleavage with trypsin.
AB  - Limited treatment of Escherichia coli DNA ligase with trypsin results in rapid
      loss of DNA joining activity. However, the ability to react with DPN to form the
      covalent enzyme-AMP intermediate is unaffected. The cleaved enzyme is also unable
      to catalyze the formation of DNA-adenylate, the second covalent intermediate in
      the ligase-catalyzed reaction. These findings demonstrate that portions of the
      DNA ligase molecule that are required for phosphodiester bond formation are not
      required for at least one of the partial reactions catalyzed by this enzyme.

PMID- 179998
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of 5 S ribosomal RNA precursor from Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of a 179-nucleotide precursor (p5A) of 5 S
      ribosomal RNA from Bacillus subtilis is presented. In addition to the 116
      nucleotide mature segment, the p5A molecule contains 21 additional nucleotides at
      its 5' end and 42 at its 3' terminus. Structural features within the p5A molecule
      which possibly interact with a specific maturation endonuclease (RNase M5) are 
      identifiable. These include 2-fold rotational symmetry about the cleavage sites,
      which may approximately place the p5A molecule on the RNase M5 surface, and
      translational (positional) symmetry, which may precisely orient substrate
      phosphodiester bonds with respect to catalytic amino acids. Certain features of
      the 3' -terminal, precursor-specific portion of p5A possibly are involved in the
      termination of DNA transcription.

PMID- 179999
TI  - The kinetic mechanism of rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase.
AB  - A detailed kinetic investigation was made of the binding mechanism of gamma
      glutamylcysteine synthetase purified from rat kidney. The results of initial rate
      and inhibition studies are consistent with a partially random mechanism in which
      ATP is the obligatory first substrate and both amino acids bind in a random order
      to the enzyme-ATP complex. Formation of the enzyme-substrate quaternary complex
      is necessary prior to release of products. This mechanism is consistent with
      previous binding studies with the enzyme and while it does not rule out
      participation of enzyme-bound gamma-glutamyl phosphate as an intermediate in
      catalysis, such an intermediate cannot be a discrete covalent complex.

PMID- 180000
TI  - Differential response to adrenocorticotropic hormone analogs of bovine adrenal
      plasma membranes and cells.
AB  - The ability of three analogs of ACTH1-24 ([Gln5, Phe9] ACTH1-24, [Gln5,
      Ala9[Acth1-24, and [Gln5, Lys8, Phe9[ ACTH1-24) embodying tryptophan
      substitutions to activate the adenylate cyclase system of a bovine adrenal plasma
      membrane preparation was compared to the effect of the analogs on adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation and steroidogenesis in viable bovine
      adrenocortical cells. The results were not comparable. Whereas the analogs
      antagonized the ACTH1-24-activated membrane cyclase they stimulated cyclic AMP
      accumulation as well as steroid production of the cells. None of the analogs
      inhibited steroidogenesis of ACTH1-24-stimulated cells, but two of them, at very
      high dose levels, inhibited cyclic AMP production. The ability of the analogs to
      stimulate steroidogenesis of the adrenal cells half-maximally decreased in the
      order tryptophan greater than phenylalanine greater than alanine, indicating that
      the aromaticity of the indole ring of tryptophan is necessary for maximal
      interaction between hormone and receptor. Both the absolute and relative
      steroidogenic potencies were the same for several analogs when assayed with rat
      adrenal cells. Although only a small fraction of the cell's potential to produce
      cyclic AMP was necessary to induce maximum steroid production, the relative
      activities of a series of analogs were the same for steroidogenesis as for cyclic
      AMP accumulation. Furthermore, the concentration of cyclic AMP necessary for full
      steroidogenesis was practically identical for a series of peptides that differed
      widely in potency. These findings support the postulate that cyclic AMP
      accumulation and steroidogenesis in adrenocortical cells are coupled processes.
      The differential behavior of bovine adrenal plasma membranes and bovine
      adrenocortical cells toward ACTH analogs indicates that structure-function
      studies using cyclase assays may not reflect events that take place in the intact
      adrenal or in cell preparations derived therefrom.

PMID- 180001
TI  - Infulence of hormones and medium composition on the degradation of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) and total protein in Reuber H35 cells.
AB  - Reuber H35 cells were pulse-labeled with radioactive leucine and the influence of
      hormones, serum, and amino acids on protein degradation was investigated during a
      subsequent chase period. Radioactive, immunoprecipitable phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) had a half-life of 5 to 6 hours which was not
      influenced by either N6, O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate,
      dexamethasone, or insulin. The rate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      degradation was the same under steady state conditions as during the approach to
      a new steady state following hormonal induction or deinduction of the enzyme.
      Therefore, hormonal regulation of enzyme activity in vivo is the result of
      changes in the rate of enzyme synthesis. The rate of proteolysis for total cell
      proteins was increased under nutritional step-down conditions produced by the
      removal of serum or amino acids, or both, from the medium. This effect was
      completely prevented by insulin. Cycloheximide and puromycin, but not actinomycin
      D or cordycepin, inhibited protein degradation under step-down conditions but did
      not further decrease the basal rate of proteolysis measured in the presence of
      either insulin or serum plus amino acids. There was a good correlation between
      changes in proteolysis produced by serum and amino acids and changes in the
      degradation rate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Also, inhibition of
      proteolysis with cycloheximide and puromycin was accompanied by a decrease in the
      degradation rate for enzyme antigen. It is suggested that nutritional step-down
      leads either to the synthesis or activation of a proteolytic system.

PMID- 180002
TI  - NAD+-malic enzyme. Regulatory properties of the enzyme from Ascaris suum.
AB  - The regulatory properties of the NAD-dependent malic enzyme from the mitochondria
      of Ascaris suum have been studied. The malate saturation curve exhibits
      sigmoidicity and the degree of this sigmoidicity increases as the pH is
      increased. Fumarate was the only compound tested that stimulated the enzyme
      activity, whereas oxalacetate was the most powerful inhibitor. Activation by low
      levels of fumarate was found to be competitive with malate. It is proposed that
      this stimulation has physiological significance in controlling the dismutation
      reaction in the parasite. The branched-chain volatile fatty acid excretion
      products, tiglate, 2-methylbutanoate, and 2-methylpentanoate, inhibited the
      enzyme activity and this inhibition was competitive with malate. The Ki values
      for these compounds are in the physiological range of their concentrations;
      therefore, it is suggested that they may aid in controlling the malic enzyme
      activity in vivo. Oxalacetate inhibition of malic enzyme activity was competitive
      with malate, and the Ki values decreased with an increase in pH. Two alternatives
      are proposed which could account for the lack of oxalacetate decarboxylation by
      the ascarid malic enzyme.

PMID- 180003
TI  - Asparagusate dehydrogenases and lipoyl dehydrogenase from asparagus mitochondria.
      Physical, chemical, and enzymatic properties.
AB  - Asparagusate dehydrogenases I and II and lipoyl dehydrogenase have been obtained
      in homogeneous state from asparagus mitochondria. They are flavin enzymes with 1
      mol of FAD/mol of protein. Asparagusate dehydrogenases I and II and lipoyl
      dehydrogenase have s20,w of 6.22 S, 6.39 S, and 5.91 S, respectively, and
      molecular weights of 111,000, 110,000, and 95,000 (sedimentation equilibrium) or
      112,000, 112,000, and 92,000 (gel filtration). They are slightly acidic proteins
      with isoelectric points of 6.75, 5.75, and 6.80. Both asparagusate dehydrogenases
      catalyzed the reaction Asg(SH)2 + NAD+ equilibrium AsgS2 + NADH + H+ and exhibit
      lipoyl dehydrogenase and diaphorase activities. Lipoyl dehydrogenase is specific
      for lipoate and has no asparagusate dehydrogenase activity. NADP cannot replace
      NAD in any case. Optimum pH for substrate reduction of the three enzymes are near
      5.9. Asparagusate dehydrogenases I and II have Km values of 21.5 mM and 20.0 mM
      for asparagusate and 3.0 mM and 3.3 mM for lipoate, respectively. Lipoyl
      dehydrogenase activity of asparagusate dehydrogenases is enhanced by NAD and
      surfactants such as lecithin and Tween 80, but asparagusate dehydrogenase
      activity is not enhanced. Asparagusate dehydrogenases are strongly inhibited by
      mercuric ion, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, and N-ethylmaleimide. Amino acid
      composition of the three enzymes is presented and discussed.

PMID- 180004
TI  - Reversible inactivation of phenylalanine hydroxylase by catecholamines in
      cultured hepatoma cells.
AB  - Phenylalanine hydroxylase in Reuber H4 hepatoma cell cultures can be rapidly
      inactivated by the addition of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, or 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylalanine, in order of decreasing effectiveness, to the culture
      medium. The enzyme was 50% inactivated in 1 hour by 25 muM (R)-epinephrine or 45
      muM (R)-norepinephrine in the medium. High concentrations of epinephrine caused a
      70% inactivation in 15 min. Phenylalanine hydroxylase appears to be reversibly
      inactivated by epinephrine within the cells; since washing the compound off the
      cell cultures resulted in a rapid restoration of enzyme activity (40% in 1 hour),
      cycloheximide had little effect on the initial rate of recovery of enzyme
      activity and the same amount of phenylalanine hydroxylase antigen per cell was
      isolated from treated and normal cultures. Both (S)- and (R)-epinephrine
      inactivated the enzyme, and 0.1 mM desmethylimipramine, an inhibitor of amine
      transport, significantly decreased the effect of epinephrine on the hydroxylase
      activity. The possibility, suggested by the above results, that epinephrine might
      be directly inactivating phenylalanine hydroxylase within the cells was supported
      by the finding that purified rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase would be 50%
      inactivated by 1.5 muM epinephrine in 10 min.

PMID- 180005
TI  - Mechanism of inactivation of phenylalanine hydroxylase by p-chlorophenylalanine
      in hepatome cells in culture. Two possible models.
AB  - The mechanism by which p-chlorophenylalanine specifically reduces phenylalanine
      hydroxylase activity in rat liver in vivo and in Reuber H4 hepatoma cells in
      culture has been investigated. Chromatography on hydroxylapatite of liver extract
      from rats injected with p-chlorophenylalanine showed that the compound
      differentially affected the three normal phenylalanine hydroxylase isoenzymes (I,
      II, and III); isoenzymes II and III were completely absent after the treatment,
      but isoenzyme I was only reduced in quantity compared with normal adult rats.
      Normal Reuber H4 cells only possess isoenzyme I; treatment with p
      chlorophenylalanine yielded a reduced level of enzyme activity which appeared to
      be noraml isoenzyme I by both chromatographic and kinetic criteria. There is
      evidence, based on immunochemical techniques, that cultures grown in the presence
      of p-chlorophenylalanine have significantly reduced levels of phenylalanine
      hydroxylase antigen, and that p-chlorophenylalanine inactivates phenylalanine
      hydroxylase at or near the time of enzyme synthesis. The bulk of enzyme
      synthesized prior to the addition of the compound appears unaffected by it. There
      is no indication that protein synthesis itself is affected by p
      chlorophenylalanine. In addition, p-chlorophenylacetate was found to inactivate
      phenylalanine hydroxylase in an apparently identical manner with p
      chlorophenylalanine, which almost certainly eliminates from consideration any
      mechanism of inactivation specifically requiring an amino acid. Finally, effects
      of cycloheximide and chlorophenylalanine were compared. Taken together, the data
      lead to two possible models for the inactivation of the enzyme. The model most
      consistent with all data requires (predicts) the existence of a proenzyme form of
      phenylalanine hydroxylase which can be specifically inactivated by p
      chlorophenylalanine.

PMID- 180006
TI  - Phosphorylation of distinct regions of f1 histone. Relationship to the cell
      cycle.
AB  - The phosphorylation of different amino acids in distinct regions of f1 histone
      was studied in highly synchronized Chinese hamster cell populations (line CHO).
      The purified, 32P-labeled f1 histone was bisected into NH2-terminal and COOH
      terminal fragments with N-bromosuccinimide. Tryptic phosphopeptides from these
      fragments were resolved using sequential high voltage electrophoretic steps on
      paper. No phosphorylation was observed in early G1-arrested cells. Interphase
      phosphorylation began in late G1 in the COOH-terminal portion of the molecule on
      serine. This event continued throughout S phase and persisted into mitosis.
      However, in mitosis additional phosphorylation was observed in the COOH-terminal
      portion of the molecule on threonine, and for the only time in the CHO cell cycle
      the NH2-terminal portion of the molecule was also phosphorylated on both serine
      and threonine. The peptide studies thus predicted that a minimum of four sites
      (two serine and two threonine) were phosphorylated in the f1 histone of mitotic
      CHO cells. This was confirmed using electrophoresis in long polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 180007
TI  - Regulation of receptor concentration by homologous hormone. Effect of human
      growth hormone on its receptor in IM-9 lymphocytes.
AB  - When cultured human lymphocytes of the IM-9 line were exposed to human growth
      hormone (hGH) at 37 degrees, washed for 2 hours, and incubated with 125I-hGH, the
      binding of 125I-hGH was reduced. The magnitude of the reduction in binding was
      dependent on the concentration of growth hormone present as well as the duration
      of the exposure. As little as 2 X 10(-11) M (0.5 ng/ml) growth hormone had a
      discernible effect. Growth hormone at 2 X 10(-10) M (5.0 ng/ml), which is a low
      resting concentration of hormone in vivo and occupies about 20% of the receptors
      at steady state at 30 degrees, produced a 50% reduction in binding while 20
      mg/ml, which occupies about 50% of the receptors under steady state conditions,
      produced an 80% loss of receptors. Further increases in growth hormone
      concentration produced little further effect on receptor loss. Thus, the loss of
      receptors at a given concentration of growth hormone (up to 20 ng/ml) in the
      preincubation at 37 degrees was greater than the occupancy produced by that
      concentration of growth hormone receptors under steady state conditions at 30
      degrees. Analysis of the data indicated that the decrease in binding of 125I-hGH
      was due to a loss of receptors per cell without any change in affinity of
      receptor for hormone or in cell number. The concentration of insulin receptors on
      these cells was affected by the insulin concentration in the medium, and the
      concentration of growth hormone receptors was affected by growth hormone, but
      neither hormone had any effect on the heterologous receptors. Exposure of the
      cells to cycloheximide (0.1 mM) produced a progressive but smaller loss of growth
      hormone receptors, and the effect of cycloheximide was additive to the receptor
      loss induced by growth hormone, suggesting that cycloheximide inhibited synthesis
      of receptors while growth hormone accelerated loss of receptors. When growth
      hormone was removed from the medium, receptor concentrations were restored
      rapidly; half of the loss was restored by 6 to 8 hours and the full complement of
      receptors was restored by 24 hours following removal of the hormone. If the
      growth hormone was removed and replaced with cycloheximide, the return of the
      receptors was delayed until the cycloheximide was removed. Thus restoration of
      the receptors appeared to require the synthesis of new proteins. These data
      indicate that in the IM-9 lymphocytes the concentration of growth hormone
      receptors is very sensitive to regulation by growth hormone and also add further
      support to the suggestion that hormones in general actively regulate the
      concentration of their own receptors.

PMID- 180008
TI  - Hepatic pyruvate kinase. Regulation by glucagon, cyclic adenosine 3'-5'
      monophosphate, and insulin in the perfused rat liver.
AB  - A reversible interconversion of two kinetically distinct forms of hepatic
      pyruvate kinase regulated by glucagon and insulin is demonstrated in the perfused
      rat liver. The regulation does not involve the total enzyme content of the liver,
      but rather results in a modulation of the substrate dependence. The forms of
      pyruvate kinase in liver homogenates are distinguished by measurements of the
      ratio of the enzyme activity at a subsaturating concentration of P-enolpyruvate
      (1.3 mM) to the activity at a saturating concentration of this substrate (6.6
      mM). A low ratio form of pyruvate kinase (ratio between 0.1 and 0.2) is obtained
      from livers perfused with 10(-7) M glucagon or 0.1 mM adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP). A high ratio form of the enzyme is obtained from
      livers perfused with no hormone (ratio = 0.35 to 0.45). The regulation of
      pyruvate kinase by glucagon and cyclic AMP occurs within 2 min following the
      hormone addition to the liver. Insulin (22 milliunits/ml) counteracts the
      inhibition of pyruvate kinase caused by 5 X 10(-11) M glucagon, but has only a
      slight influence on the enzyme properties in the absence of the hyperglycemic
      hormone. The low ratio form of pyruvate kinase obtained from livers perfused with
      glucagon or cyclic AMP is unstable in liver extracts and will revert to a high
      ratio form within 10 min at 37 degrees or within a few hours at 0 degrees.
      Pyruvate kinase is quantitatively precipitated from liver supernatants with 2.5 M
      ammonium sulfate. This precipitation stabilizes the enzyme and preserves the
      kinetically distinguishable forms. The kinetic properties of the two forms of rat
      hepatic pyruvate kinase are examined using ammonium sulfate precipitates from the
      perfused rat liver. At pH 7.5 the high ratio form of the enzyme has [S]0.5 = 1.6
      +/- 0.2 mM P-enolpyruvate (n = 8). The low ratio form of enzyme from livers
      perfused with glucagon or cyclic AMP has [S]0.5 = 2.5 +/- 0.4 mM P-enolpyruvate
      (n = 8). The modification of pyruvate kinase induced by glucagon does not alter
      the dependence of the enzyme activity on ADP (Km is approximately 0.5 mM ADP for
      both forms of the enzyme). Both forms are allosterically modulated by fructose
      1,6-bisphosphate, L-alanine, and ATP. The changes in the kinetic properties of
      hepatic pyruvate kinase which follow treating the perfused rat liver with
      glucagon or cyclic AMP are consistent with the changes observed in the enzyme
      properties upon phosphorylation in vitro by a clyclic AMP-stimulated protein
      kinase (Ljungstrom, O., Hjelmquist, G. and Engstrom, L. (1974) Biochim. Biophys.
      Acta 358, 289--298). However, other factors also influence the enzyme activity in
      a similar manner and it remains to be demonstrated that the regulation of hepatic
      pyruvate kinase by glucagon and cyclic AMP in vivo involes a phosphorylation.

PMID- 180009
TI  - Enzymatic probes of lipoprotein structure. Hydrolysis of human serum low density
      lipoprotein-2 by phospholipase A2.

PMID- 180010
TI  - Structure of high density lipoprotein. The immunologic reactivities of the COOH-
      and NH2-terminal regions of apolipoprotein A-I.
AB  - Only 5 to 10% of the apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) of intact high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) is detectable by radioimmunoassay. In addition, when isolated
      ApoA-I is recombined with lipids in vitro, its immunologic reactivity is
      decreased by 30 to 95%. Thus, ApoA-I is less reactive immunologically in the
      presence of lipids. Our aim was to ascertain whether the COOH- or NH2-terminal
      regions of ApoA-I were equally reactive in intact HDL2. CNBr fragments of ApoA-I
      were produced by the method of Baker et al. (Baker, H.N., Jackson, R.L., and
      Gotto, A.M. (1973) Biochemistry 12, 3866-3871) and iodinated with
      lactoperoxidase. Double-antibody radioimmunoassays were set up using anti ApoA-I
      antisera and 125I-CNBr I (COOH-terminal region) or 125I-CNBr II (NH2-terminal).
      Both labels were bound by the antisera. Affinity columns were prepared by binding
      CNBr I or CNBr II to Sepharose 4B. Antibodies specific against CNBr I or CNBr II
      were isolated by means of these columns, suggesting that ApoA-I had at least two
      antigenic sites. In other assays using labeled fragments and anti ApoA-I
      antisera, 125I-CNBr I was displaced by CNBr I, ApoA-I , and HDL2 but not CNBr II.
      Conversely, 125I-CNBr II was displaced by CNBr II, ApoA-I, and HDL2 but not by
      CNBr I. Thus the assays were region-specific. The reactivities of isolated ApoA-I
      and the ApoA-I in intact HDL2-ApoA-I) were compared in these assays. On a molar
      basis, HDL2-ApoA-I was consistently more reactive (2- to 5-fold) in the 125I-CNBr
      I than in the 125I-CNBr II assays. The findings suggest (a) that the two terminal
      regions of ApoA-I are immunologically distinct, (b) that the two regions can be
      assayed independently of each other in intact HDL2, and (c) that the COOH
      terminal region is more reactive immunologically than is the NH2-terminal. The
      results are compatible with a more "exposed" position for the COOH-terminal
      region on the surface of HDL2.

PMID- 180011
TI  - Phosphorylation of histone catalyzed by a bovine brain protein kinase.
AB  - The use of polyethyleneimine-cellulose thin layer sheets to follow the
      phosphorylation of histone and decomposition of ATP catalyzed by an adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-stimulated protein kinase, protein kinase I, has
      made possible a more detailed analysis of the time course of these reactions than
      has been achieved previously be observing only recovered phosphorylated protein.
      When [gamma-32P] ATP was employed, significant error was introduced by the
      presence of 32Pi at the solvent front on these sheets, and this limited the
      accuracy of the available information. However, the analysis of assays performed
      with [U-14C] ATP was straightforward and appeared to have an accuracy comparable
      to that of the present standard assay. This appears to be the first use of [U
      14C] ATP to assay protein kinases. Our physical characterization of protein
      kinase I showed it to be a homogeneous protein species by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and analytical
      ultracentrifugation. Kinetic studies with protein kinase I indicated the absence
      of histone phosphatase and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity. Furthermore,
      the ATPase activity seen is believed to be intimately associated with the protein
      kinase action, particularly in view of the observed dependence of the rate of Pi
      production on the presence of cyclic AMP. The kinetic data for the
      phosphorylation of histone catalyzed by protein kinase I under full stimulation
      by cyclic AMP are consistent with a double displacement mechanism.

PMID- 180012
TI  - The molar ratio of the two major polypeptide components of human high density
      lipoprotein.
AB  - Human high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3) were
      separated by ultracentrifugation and the molar ratio of the two major polypeptide
      chains apo-Gln-I and apo-Gln-II was determined by fluorescence tagging of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-denatured proteins combined with polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis. Using purified apo-Gln-I and apo-Gln-II standards, it was found
      that holo HDL, holo HDL2, and holo HDL3 from all plasma samples contained a molar
      ratio of apo-Gln-I to the disulfide-bound dimer of apo-Gln-II of 2:1, that is a
      1:1 ratio in terms of each species of polypeptide chain. The method described is
      useful for making repeated and rapid measurements on microgram quantities of
      intact lipoproteins.

PMID- 180013
TI  - The structure of Paracoccus denitrificans cytochrome c550.
AB  - The crystal structure of Paracoccus (formerly Micrococcus) denitrificans
      cytochrome c550 has been solved by x-ray diffraction to a resolution of 2.45 A.
      In both amino acid sequence and molecular structure it is evolutionarily
      homologous with mitochondrial cytochrome c from eukaryotes and photosynthetic
      cytochrome c2 from purple non-sulfur bacteria. All of these cytochromes c have
      the same basic folding pattern, with surface insertions of extra amino acids in
      c550. Various strains of c2 have all, some, or none of the extra insertions
      observed in c550. The hydrophobic heme environment, position of aromatic rings,
      and structure and environment of the heme crevice, are virtually identical in
      cytochromes c55o, c, and c2. Radical changes observed at all regions on the
      molecular surface except the heme crevice argue for the importance of the crevice
      and the exposed edge of the heme in the transfer of electrons to and from the
      cytochrome molecule.

PMID- 180014
TI  - Sex-specific occurrence of androgen receptors in rat brain.
AB  - The metabolism and binding of [1, 2, 6, 7-3H] testosterone in male and female rat
      brain has been studied in an attempt to find an explanation for the relative
      androgen unresponsiveness characterizing the female hypothalamo-pituitary axis
      involved in regulation of hepatic steroid metabolism. The most significant sex
      differences in the pattern of [3H] testosterone metabolites recovered from
      several brain regions (including pituitary, pineal gland, and hypothalamus) after
      intraperitoneal administration of [3H] testosterone were the predominance of
      testosterone and androstenedione in male brain compared to the quantitative
      importance of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol, 5alpha-androstane-3beta,
      17beta-diol, epitestosterone, and dihydroepitestosterone in female brain. One
      possible explanation for the androgen unresponsiveness of female rats is,
      therefore, the faster metabolism of testosterone to inactive compounds in female
      brain. Experiments both in vivo and in vitro showed the presence of high
      affinity, low capacity binding sites for [3H] testosterone in male pituitary,
      pineal gland, and hypothalamus (Kd values in the region of 1 X 10(-10) to 1 X 10(
      9) M and number of binding sites 1.0 to 1.4 X 10(-14) mol per mg of protein). The
      steroid - macromolecular complexes generally had a pI of 5.1, were excluded from
      Sephadex G-200, were heat-labile, and were sensitive to protease. Competition
      experiments indicated the following order of ligand affinities: testosterone is
      greater than 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol is greater than
      androstenedione is greater than corticosterone. No steroid-binding proteins of
      similar nature were found in pituitary, pineal gland, or hypothalamus from female
      rats. On the basis of these results it is suggested that the androgen
      unresponsiveness of female rats referred to above relates to the absence of
      receptor protein for androgens in female rat brain. In support of this
      hypothesis, 28-day-old female rats, which are known to be affected by androgens
      with regard to liver enzyme activities, were shown to contain receptor proteins
      for androgen in the brain. In conclusion, the relative androgen unresponsiveness
      of the female hypothalamo-pituitary axis is probably explained by the absence of
      receptor proteins for androgen in female hypothalamus and pituitary. The fast
      metabolism of testosterone in female rat brain also serves to decrease the
      availability of active androgen to potential receptor sites. It may be speculated
      that the presence of androgen receptors in male brain is the result of neonatal
      programming ("imprinting") by testicular androgen.

PMID- 180015
TI  - Biosynthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone in mouse pituitary tumor cells.
AB  - A double antibody immunoprecipitation technique using affinity-purified
      adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) antiserum was employed to investigate the
      biosynthesis of ACTH in a mouse pituitary tumor cell line. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell extracts resolved four forms of ACTH
      with apparent molecular weights of 4,500, 13,000, 23,000, and 31,000. These four
      forms of ACTH can be detected by radioimmunoassay of cell extracts or by
      immunoprecipitation of cell extracts following incubation of cultures in [3H]
      tryptophan, [3H] lysine, or [3H] tyrosine. The double antibody
      immunoprecipitation scheme developed is specific, quantitative, and reproducible.
      ACTH biosynthesis was examined in both steady and pulse-labeling experiments
      using [8H] tyrosine or [3H] lysine. The results of these experiments are
      consistent with the proposal that Mr=31,000 ACTH is the biosynthetic precursor
      for all three smaller forms of ACTH and that Mr=23,000 ACTH is a biosynthetic
      intermediate. Both Mr=13,000 ACTH and Mr=4,500 ACTH are derived from the
      intracellular processing of Mr=31,000 ACTH.

PMID- 180016
TI  - High molecular weight forms of adrenocorticotropic hormone are glycoproteins.
AB  - Mouse pituitary tumor cells (AtT-20/D-16v) were incubated in medium containing
      [3H] glucosamine or [3H] mannose. By analyzing immunoprecipitates of cell
      extracts and culture medium it was shown that [3H] glucosamine and [3H] mannose
      were incorporated into all three high molecular weight forms of ACTH; label was
      not incorporated into Mr=4,500 ACTH (which is thought to be similar to the 39
      amino acid polypeptide form of ACTH, alpha(1-39)). Based on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the apparent molecular weights of
      these glycoprotein forms of ACTH were 31,000, 23,000, and 13,000. Gel filtration
      in 6 M guanidine HCl indicated that the molecular weights of these forms of ACTH
      were substantially lower; sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis has often been found to overestimate the molecular weight of
      glycoproteins. A significant fraction of the high molecular weight ACTH in tumor
      cell extracts binds to columns of concanavalin A-agarose and can be eluted with
      0.2 M alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside; porcine alpha(1-39) does not bind to
      concanavalin A-agarose. High molecular weight glycoprotein ACTH can be detected
      in extracts of mouse and bovine pituitary by using concavalin A affinity
      chromatography.

PMID- 180017
TI  - A relation between (NAD+)/(NADH) potentials and glucose utilization in rat brain
      slices.
AB  - Changes in several parameters involved in the control of metabolism were
      correlated with changes in glucose utilization in rat brain slices incubated
      under conditions which reduced glucose oxidation by 40 to 70%. The parameters
      included: the concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP, and the adenylate energy charge;
      the cytoplasmic oxidation-reduction state ([NAD+]/[NADH]), determined from the
      [pyruvate]/[lactate] equilibrium; the mitochondrial oxidation-reduction state,
      determined from the [NH4+] ]2-oxoglutarate]/[glutamate] Equilibrium; the
      cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidation-reduction potentials (in volts),
      calculated from the respective [NAD+]/ [NADH] ratios using the Nernst equation;
      and the difference between the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial [NAD+]/[NADH]
      potentials. The conversion of [3, 4-14C] glucose to 14CO2 and of [U-14C] glucose
      to acetylcholine and to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids by the brain slices
      were also determined. The values obtained by subtracting the mitochondrial from
      the cytoplasmic [NAD+1/[NADH] potentials correlated more closely with glucose
      utilization than did other parameters, under the conditions studied. For the
      synthesis of acetylcholine, the correlation coefficient was 0.96, and for the
      production of 14CO2 from [3, 4-14C] glucose it was 0.82.

PMID- 180018
TI  - Human erythrocyte pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase. Partial
      purification and properties of two allelic gene products.
AB  - Human pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase is a polymorphic enzyme having
      two allelic gene products, UMPK 1 and UMPK 2, in several populations. A procedure
      is described for the partial purification of this enzyme from human red blood
      cells resulting in a 1500-fold purification of the enzyme for UMPK 1 and 583-fold
      for UMPK 2. The purified enzyme preparation catalyzed the phosphorylation of UMP,
      CMP, and dCMP, and used ATP as the preferred phosphate donor. The heavy metals,
      mercury, and copper, were found to be strong inhibitors of pyrimidine nucleoside
      monophosphate kinase activity. EDTA was found to protect the enzyme from
      inactivation by the heavy metals, and 2-mercaptoethanol stabilized the enzyme
      during purification. UMPK 1 and UMPK 2 were found to have similar kinetic
      properties; however, UMPK 2 had a slower electrophoretic mobility and greater
      thermolability than UMPK 1.

PMID- 180019
TI  - Cyclic 3':5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Ca2+ confers more helical conformation
      to the protein activator.
AB  - The ultraviolet spectrum of a protein activator of cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase and adenylate cyclase purified to homogeneity from bovine brain
      displayed absorption peaks at 252, 259, 265, 269, and 277 nm. The activator
      contained no phosphate and did not serve as a substrate for cyclic adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate- or cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein
      kinases. The activator binds Ca2+, and the active form appears to be a Ca2+
      activator complex (Lin, Y.M., Liu, Y.P., and Cheung, W.Y. (1974) J. Biol. Chem.
      249, 4943-4954). Optical rotatory dispersion measurement showed that the Ca2+
      free activator exhibited a reduced mean residue rotation ([m']231) of -5700,
      corresponding to 39% of helical content. In the presence of Ca2+, the [m']231 was
      increased to -7500, corresponding to 57% of helical content. The Ca2+ -induced
      conformational change was corroborated by a chemical method. In the presence of
      Ca2+, the activator was more resistant to trypsin inactivation, presumably
      because proteins with more helical structures are more resistant to tryptic
      attack. The activator is rich in aspartate and glutamate. Chemical block of some
      of the carboxyl groups with glycine ethyl ester or methoxyamine diminished the
      [m']231 of the activator and its activity, suggesting that blockade of some of
      the carboxyl groups in the activator unfolded the molecule, leading to a loss of
      activity. We conclude that Ca2+, which confers more helical structure to the
      activator, converts the inactive, less helical structure to the active, more
      helical structure, and that chemical modification of the activator leading to
      unfolding of the molecule abolishes its biological activity.

PMID- 180020
TI  - Role of phospholipids in the calcium-dependent ATPase of the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum. Enzymatic and ESR studies with phospholipid-replaced membranes.
AB  - Three types of partially purified ATPase enzymes having different phospholipid
      contents and compositions have been prepared: (a) an enzyme whose phospholipid
      moiety has been replaced predominantly by dioleoyl lecithin (DOL-enzyme), with
      about the same phospholipid content as the original sarcoplasmic reticulum, (b)
      dipalmitoyl lecithin-replaced enzyme whose phospholipid content is 30% of that of
      DOL-enzyme (DPL-enzyme), and (c) a partially delipidated enzyme with about the
      same phospholipid content as DPL-enzyme but with the original sarcoplasmic
      reticulum phospholipid composition (del-enzyme). The temperature dependence of
      Ca2+-activated ATPase activity of these preparations showed clearcut differences;
      with DOL-enzyme there was no appreciable break in the Arrhenius plot in the 3-40
      degrees range; DPL-enzyme showed a break at 29 degrees, and del-enzyme and
      sarcoplasmic reticulum one at 18 degrees. Transition temperatures obtained from
      ESR studies with the use of spin-labeled stearic acid incorporated into the
      membranes agreed with those derived from ATPase assays. Thermo-dynamic analysis
      of the ATP hydrolysis rates shows that DPL-enzyme has considerably larger values
      of activation enthalpy and activation entropy below the transition temperature
      (29 degrees) than those of the other preparations, while all enzyme preparations
      show similar free energies of activation. The ESR data show that below their
      transition temperatures DPL-enzyme, and to a lesser degree del-enzyme, have a
      strongly restricted motion of their phospholipid molecules as compared with
      either DOL-enzyme or sarcoplasmic reticulum. Studies on the formation and
      decomposition of phosphoenzyme have been carried out with the three types of
      ATPase preparations. At 0 degrees, the rate of inorganic phosphate liberation is
      8 times lower in DPL-enzyme than in del-enzyme with little difference in the
      steady state level of phosphoenzyme. In DOL-enzyme, the level of phosphoenzyme
      and the rate of inorganic phosphate liberation are 1.8 and 3.5 times higher than
      the corresponding values obtained with del-enzyme. Addition of ADP to the
      phosphorylated intermediate of DPL-enzyme induces a fast reversal of the
      phosphorylation reaction. These results indicate that the physical state of the
      phospholipid molecules associated with the enzyme affects the decomposition of
      phosphoenzyme, with little effect on the phosphorylation reaction and its
      reversal.

PMID- 180021
TI  - Thyroid-stimulating hormone binding to beef thyroid membranes. Role of N
      acetylneuraminic acid.
AB  - The effect of sugars on 125I-thyroid-stimulating hormone binding to beef thyroid
      membranes was studied to determine their role in thyroid-stimulating hormone
      (TSH) binding. At 0.1 M concentration, N-acetylneuraminic acid produced a 3- to 7
      fold increase in TSH binding, was the only sugar to enhance TSH binding, and did
      so whether binding was determined in the cyclase medium or under conditions of
      optimum binding. The enhanced TSH binding remained after the membranes were
      removed from the high NeuAc concentration and an effect was observed at
      concentrations of 10 mM NeuAc. NeuAc did not alter the kinetics of TSH binding
      but the pH optimum for TSH binding shifted from pH 5.5 to 7.5 in the presence of
      NeuAc. Incubation of the membranes with increasing concentrations of NeuAc
      resulted in increased sialic acid content of the membranes. The NeuAc
      concentration curve of membrane sialic acid and TSH binding were roughly
      parallel. The capacity of the low affinity site increased from 0.74 to 2.5
      nmol/mg of protein in the presence of NeuAc. The apparent affinity (0.88 X 10(6)
      M-1) of this site was unaffected by NeuAc. With the high affinity site, NeuAc
      increased both the apparent affinity and capacity from 2.2 X 10(8)M-1 to 5.5 X
      10(8) M-1 and 1.6 to 3.1 pmol/mg of protein, respectively. Neuraminidase or
      neuraminidase plus beta-galactosidase incubation of the membranes removed
      approximately 60% of the sialic acid from the membranes within 15 to 30 min but
      did not affect TSH binding. Large quantities of sialic acid were detected in the
      soluble fractions during isolation of the membranes, 4 to 5% of which was
      ultrafilterable and not associated with high molecular weight proteins. It is
      concluded that among the sugars tested, NeuAc exhibits an unique effect on TSH
      binding that may have physiological significance. The inability to alter TSH
      binding by enzymatic removal of endogenous sialic acid suggests that either NeuAc
      resistant to hydrolysis is sufficient to maintain TSH binding or that NeuAc
      important in TSH binding is removed during membrane preparation but is replaced
      by incubation with exogenous NeuAc.

PMID- 180022
TI  - Isolation of stimulatory modulator of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent
      protein kinase from mammalian heart devoid of inhibitory modulator of adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - The stimulatory and inhibitory activities in the crude preparation of protein
      kinase modulator from dog heart were separated by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration,
      and the stimulatory modulator was further purified by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography. The isolated stimulatory modulator, as the crude modulator
      preparation, stimulated the activity of the purified guanosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinases of both mammalian and arthropod
      origins in the presence of cGMP. The cGMP-dependent protein kinases were not
      activated by cGMP in the absence of either the isolated stimulatory modulator or
      the crude modulator. The stimulatory modulator, unlike the crude modulator had no
      effect on the activity of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein
      kinase. The stimulatory modulator was a protein since its activity was destroyed
      by trypsin but was resistant to hydrolysis by DNase, RNase, phospholipase C, and
      lysozyme. The isolated inhibitory modulator, presumably the same as the protein
      inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase reported by Walsh et al. (Wash. D.A.,
      Ashby, C.D., Gonzalez, C., Calkins, D., Fischer. E.H., and Krebs, E.G. (1971) J.
      Biol. Chem. 246, 1977-1985), depressed the cAMP-stimulated activity of cAMP
      dependent protein kinase as did the crude preparation of protein kinase
      modulator. The isolated inhibitory modulator, unlike the crude preparation, was
      without effect on cGMP-dependent protein kinase. The present findings provide
      evidence to support that in mammals there are separate proteins for the
      stimulatory and the inhibitory activities of protein kinase modulator, in
      contrast to the modulator from an arthropod tissue (lobster tail muscle, Donnelly
      et al. (Donnelly, T.E., Jr., Kuo, J.F., Reyes, P.L., Liu, Y.P., and Greengard, P.
      (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 190-198) which has been shown to possess both
      activities.

PMID- 180023
TI  - Function and structure of RNA polymerase from vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase associated with vesicular stomatitis virus was
      isolated to apparent homogeneity by a newly developed procedure, which includes
      stepwise removal of proteins from virions by successive treatment with high
      concentrations of cesium sulfate and cesium chloride, followed by glycerol
      gradient centrifugation or chromatography on phosphocellulose or DEAE-Sephadex
      column. The polymerase thus purified contained L (large protein) and NS proteins
      as the intrinsic subunits and multiple species of enzyme were found which differ
      in the molar ratio of L to NS. Since the enzyme with the highest activity was
      composed of equimolar amounts of the two subunits and exhibited the sedimentation
      coefficient of approximately 11 S in a buffer containing 0.2 M NaCl, the
      structure of active protomer was suggested to be (L)1(NS)1. In accordance with
      this conclusion, enzyme preparations deficient in the content of NS protein, were
      activated by the addition of preparations deficient in the content of NS protein.
      The purified RNA polymerase catalyzed the synthesis of poly(A), which was
      covalently attached to the 3' termini of RNA products, and RNA, only in the
      presence of all 4 substrates. The present finding might be the first which
      indicates that the transcriptase itself catalyzes post-transcriptional
      modification of mRNA by adding poly(A) sequences to the 3'-OH termini. The
      molecular mechanism of the switch from transcription to poly(A) synthesis,
      however, remains to be investigated.

PMID- 180024
TI  - Size-dependent allosteric effects of monovalent cations on rabbit liver fructose
      1,6-bisphosphatase.
AB  - Effects of monovalent cations on the neutral rabbit liver fructose-1,6
      bisphosphatase are multifunctional and dependent on their nonhydrated ionic size.
      (a) The maximal velocity is increased by addition of monovalent cations with the
      optimum stimulation occurring with a nonhydrated ionic radius of 1.2 A in the
      presence of a chelating agent such as EDTA. (B) Activation curves are sigmoidal
      with n values varying from 1.5 to 2.3 as ionic radius of monovalent cation
      increases. The apparent Ka values from 16.0 to 180 mM, obtained for various
      monovalent cations, have a linear relationship to ionic radii of cations. (c) At
      lower concentrations of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate monovalent cations show the
      inhibitory effect and the apparent Km for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is increased
      as the concentration of monovalent cation is increased. A linear relationship is
      obtained between the slopes of increase in the Km and the reciprocals of ionic
      volume of monovalent cations. (d) The apparent Ka for Mg2+ is also increased as
      the concentration of monovalent cation is increased, and a linear relationship is
      obtained again between the increases in Ka and the reciprocals of ionic volume of
      monovalent cations. The cooperative nature for Mg2+ saturation is decreased as
      the Ka increases. (e) The apparent Ki for AMP is also linearly altered as the
      concentration of monovalent cation is varied. However, the alteration of the Ki
      is unusual, that is, the smaller cations than K+ increase the Ki (Li+ greater
      than Na+ greater than NH4+), whereas the larger cations decrease the value
      ((CH2CH2OH)3N+ greater than Cs+ greater than Rb+). The effect of K+ is
      insignificant. Alterations in the Ki are also linearly related to the reciprocals
      of ionic volume of monovalent cations. The cooperative nature for AMP inhibition
      is decreased or increased as the Ki increased or decreased. (f) In the absence of
      the chelating agent, the curves for Mg2+ saturation and AMP inhibition were
      hyperbolic without monovalent cations. By addition of monovalent cation the Ka
      for Mg+2+ or Ki for AMP is increased and cooperative natures for binding of both
      ligands are induced. For nonspherical monovalent cations, the application of
      "functional ionic radius" is proposed. Functional ionic radii of NH4+,
      (CH2OH)3CNH3+, and (CH2CH2OH)3N+ are estimated to be 1.17, 2.55, and 2.87 A,
      respectively. The presence of two distinct sites for the actions of monovalent
      cations is suggested.

PMID- 180025
TI  - Kinetic resolution of ligand binding to the alpha and beta chains within human
      hemoglobin.
AB  - Nitric oxide has been used as a chain-specific, spin label of unliganded heme
      groups present in kinetic mixtures of human hemoglobin and n-butyl isocyanide. In
      these experiments, deoxyhemoglobin was reacted with n-butyl isocyanide for a
      controlled time and then mixed rapidly with a high concentration of nitric oxide
      to fill residual, unoccupied heme sites. The final mixture was frozen immediately
      after formation to prevent any displacement of bound isonitrile. The EPR spectrum
      of the frozen sample was resolved into alpha and beta nitric oxide components;
      these reflect the relative proportions of alpha- and beta-heme sites which were
      unoccupied by n-butyl isocyanide. Individual time courses for the alpha and beta
      subunits were obtained by varying the time between the formation of the
      isonitrile/hemoglobin mixture and its reaction with nitric oxide. At pH 7.0 only
      the beta chain time course exhibits an initial rapid phase; the alpha chain time
      course is monophasic, exhibiting almost, exponential behavior. This result shows
      unequivocally that the beta-hemes within deoxyhemoglobin react much more rapidly
      with n-butyl isocyanide than the alpha hemes.

PMID- 180027
TI  - Enzymological studies on hereditary avian muscular dystrophy.
AB  - White and red muscles of normal and genetically dystrophic chickens were compared
      with regards to activity levels of three soluble enzymes, glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, and acetyl phosphatase. In
      dystrophic white muscle (pectoral), activity of the two sulfhydryl enzymes,
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, was
      preferentially lost from the sarcoplasm resulting in decreased specific
      activities. By contrast, acetyl phosphatase was preferentially retained and
      showed increased specific activity. Dystrophic white muscle had decreased
      sulfhydryl content in the soluble proteins, severe reduction in muscle mass,
      fatty infiltration, and fragmentation of fibers. Red dystrophic muscles (thigh)
      were minimally involved in accordance with the known sparing of red fibers.
      Enzyme activities were correlated with histological observations. The results
      suggested that the disease process in dystrophic white muscle may be related to
      alterations in the sulfhydryl groups of proteins. The data are correlated with
      the beneficial effects of our treatment of hereditary avian dystrophy with the
      sulfhydryl compound, penicillamine (Chou, T.H., Hill, E.J., Bartle, E., Woolley,
      K., LeQuire, V., Olson, W., Roelofs, R., and Park, J.H. (1975) J. Clin. Invest.
      56, 842-849).

PMID- 180026
TI  - Stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase synthesis and its control by polyamines in
      regenerating rat liver and cultured rat hepatoma cells.
AB  - Ornithine decarboxylase has been induced in log phase hepatoma cells grown in
      suspension culture. Induction with N6, O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate produced a 4-fold increase in enzyme activity by 3 hours which was
      followed by a return to base levels by 6 hours. Induction  with dexamethasone, a
      potent synthetic glucocorticoid, exhibited a slow steady rate of increase in
      enzyme activity, reaching a plateau level of approximately 5- to 6-fold
      stimulation by about 12 hours. Induced cell and regenerating rat liver ornithine
      decarboxylase were shown to be indistinguishable by titration with antibody
      monospecific to the latter and by heat stability. L-[14C]Leucine incorporation
      into immunoprecipitable enzyme protein after induction in vitro or partial
      hepatectomy showed an increase which, when coupled with the increase in enzymatic
      activity, indicated de novo synthesis of enzyme protein. Physiological
      concentrations of the naturally occurring polyamines, spermidine and spermine,
      abolish cyclic AMP induction whereas they have no effect on dexamethasone
      induction. Both inductions were abolished by cycloheximide; in contrast,
      inhibition by actinomycin D was complete for dexamethasone induction and only
      partial with respect to cyclic AMP induction. The different time pattern of
      induction seen with cyclic AMP and dexamethasone, the partial inhibition of the
      cyclic AMP induction seen with actinomycin D, as well as the absence of
      inhibition of the dexamethasone induction by polyamines, indicate that these
      inducers might affect different aspects of the control of the same enzyme.

PMID- 180029
TI  - History, benefits and limitations of Pyrex glass particle opacity references.

PMID- 180028
TI  - Guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from silkworm, properties
      of a catalytic fragment obtained by limited proteolysis.
AB  - Although guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP)-dependent protein kinase
      (protein kinase G) which was partially purified from silkworm pupae was not
      dissociated by cyclic GMP into catalytic and regulatory subunits as described for
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A) (Takai,
      Y., Nakaya, S., Inoue, M., Kishimoto, A., Nishiyama, K., Yamamura, H., and
      Nishizuka, Y. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1481-1487), limited proteolysis with
      trypsin resulted in the formation of catalytic and cyclic GMP-binding fragments
      which showed molecular weights of approximately 3.4 X 10(4) and 3.6 X 10(4),
      respectively (the molecular weight of native protein kinase G was 1.4 X 10(5)).
      The catalytic fragment did not bind cyclic GMP and was fully active in the
      absence of the cyclic nucleotide. The fragment did not show an absolute
      requirement for a sulfhydryl compound and high concentrations of Mg2+ (50 to 100
      mM), both of which were necessary for the maximal activation of native protein
      kinase G. The catalytic fragment was not inhibited by the cyclic GMP-binding
      fragment nor by the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A. Inversely, the cyclic
      GMP-binding fragment was unable to inhibit the catalytic subunit of protein
      kinase A. Protein inhibitor, which was described for protein kinase A, was inert
      for the catalytic fragment.

PMID- 180030
TI  - Intra-osseous glomus tumour: a case report.
AB  - A rare case of intra-osseous glomus tumour is described, together with a review
      of eight other reported cases. Electron microscopic studies suggest that glomus
      cells, the histogenesis of which has not been completely resolved, originate from
      smooth muscle. Studies in this case support that hypothesis: they showed the
      important role of contraction of the glomus cells in eliciting the peculiar type
      of pain.

PMID- 180031
TI  - Laryngeal granular cell myoblastoma two case reports with radiographic
      demonstration.
AB  - Laryngeal granular cell myoblastoma is a rare, benign lesion. Two cases were
      studied by contrast laryngography and demonstrated similar, non-specific findings
      of a smooth, sessile mass.

PMID- 180033
TI  - An analysis of lectin-initiated cell agglutination in a series of CHO subclones
      which respond morphologically to growth in dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
AB  - We have investigated the molecular basis of the agglutinability of CHO subclones
      which respond differentially in terms of morphology and surface architecture in
      the presence of dB-cAMP in the medium. We have demonstrated that the
      agglutinability of these subclones with both wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and
      concanavalin A (Con A) probably depends on the free lateral mobility of the
      lectin receptor sites in the plane of the membrane. The nonagglutinable surface
      architecture seems to depend on the presence in the membrane of a protease-labile
      peptide(s), which appears to be distinct from the lectin receptors, as well as on
      continuous protein and RNA synthesis. This dependence on continuous transcription
      and translation may be related to the maintenance of the protease-labile
      peptide(s) in such a state as to restrict mobility of the lectin receptors. The
      surface architecture defined as nonagglutinable also depends on the state of
      polymerization of the intracellular microtubules and microfilaments. It is
      suggested that these microskeletal elements serve to anchor the lectin receptors
      in such a manner as to restrict their mobility and thereby reduce the relative
      agglutinability of a cell line. We suggest that control of the free mobility of
      both the Con A and WGA receptor sites is dependent on two constraints, one
      applied by protease-labile ("surface") membrane components and the other by
      components of the intracellular microskeletal system.

PMID- 180032
TI  - Growth control of differentiated fetal rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer
      culture. IX. Specific inhibition of DNA synthesis initiation by very low density
      lipoprotein and possible significance to the problem of liver regeneration.
AB  - Rat serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) inhibits initiation of DNA
      synthesis in fetal rat hepatocyte cultures; cells engaged in synthesizing DNA
      resist inhibition. VLDL action is specific and apparently blocks prereplicative
      protein synthesis. These and other results, from studies of altered blood VLDL
      levels and [3H] thymidine incorporation into isolated liver nuclei in 70%
      hepatectomized normal and mutant hyperlipoproteinemic rats, as well as from
      infusion studies with a "mitogenic" hormone solution, suggest that hepatic VLDL
      metabolism is linked to the suppression of hepatocyte proliferation.

PMID- 180034
TI  - Metabolism of 125I-labeled lipoproteins by the isolated rat lung.
AB  - The capacity of the isolated perfused rat lung to metabolize the protein moieties
      of serum lipoproteins was assessed using homologous (rat) and heterologous
      (human) plasma lipoproteins. The protein and lipid moieties of the plasma
      lipoproteins were labeled in vivo with Na[125I]. In selected cases the
      lipoprotein peptides were labeled in vivo with 14C- or 3H-labeled amino acids.
      Uptake of lipoprotein label during perfusion was monitored by measure of losses
      in perfusate label and by rises in pulmonary tissue labeling as shown by
      radioassay and by light and electron microscope radioautography. Lipoprotein
      degradation was assessed by fractionation of perfusate and lung tissue
      radioactive material into trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-isoluble, TCA-soluble, and
      ether-ethanol-soluble fractions. When heparin was included in the perfusion
      medium, there was selective degradation of the protein portion of very low
      density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the perfusate and concomitant uptake of radioactive
      label by the lungs. Low density lipoprotein (LDL)) was neither taken up nor
      catabolized by the isolated rat lung in the absence or presence of heparin. By
      light and electron microscopy, the label was localized over the interalveolar
      septa, predominantly the capillary endothelium. Disappearance of TCA-insoluble
      radioactivity from the perfusate was associated with the generation of both TCA
      soluble iodide and noniodide radioactivity. Greater than 50% of the radioactive
      label taken up by the lungs was found in the delipidated TCA-insoluble fraction.
      This study provides in vitro evidence for pulmonary catabolism of VLDL
      apolipoproteins and uptake of peptide catabolic products of VLDL by the lung.

PMID- 180036
TI  - BHK21 fibroblast aggregation inhibited by glycopeptides from the cell surface.
AB  - Glycopeptides were removed by trypsinization from the surface of baby hamster
      kidney cells (line BHK21-C13), digested by pronase and separated into 2 fractions
      by exclusion chromatography. The addition of small amounts of either glycopeptide
      fraction to shaken suspensions of lightly trypsinzied cells inhibited their rapid
      aggregation, but one fraction was more active than the other and in higher
      concentrations it was able to inhibit aggregation completely. After this fraction
      was purified by high-voltage electrophoresis one subfraction also inhibited
      aggregation. The effect of the glycopeptides increased following their
      pretreatment with neuraminidase, but preincubation with periodiate or galactose
      oxidase destroyed all activity. Galactose oxidase also inhibited cell aggregation
      directly. Similar glycopeptides from virus-transformed BHK21 cells,
      oligosaccharides and intact and desialysed human urinary glycoproteins had
      comparatively little or no effect on BHK21 cell aggregation. The results suggest
      terminal beta-galactosides and possible alpha-galactosides, and to some extent a
      particular substructure of cell surface heteroglycans are necessary for their
      inhibitory activity. The parent, plasma membrane of glycoproteins might serve as
      adhesive binding sites in cell cohesion, but some evidence indicates cell surface
      sialyl- and galactosyltransferases may not ordinarily act as their complementary
      binding receptors.

PMID- 180037
TI  - [Masson's tumor of the fingers].
AB  - The authors report three cases of glomus tumour of the fingers and conclude, from
      the angiographic appearance, that the glomus tumour presents direct and indirect
      signs suggesting the lesion.

PMID- 180035
TI  - Regular structures in unit membranes. II. Morphological and biochemical
      characterization of two water-soluble membrane proteins isolated from the
      suckling rat ileum.
AB  - Specialized plasma membranes from the endocytic complex of ileal epithelial cells
      of suckling rats were isolated by differential flotation. Thin-section and
      negative-stain electron microscopy showed the luminal surfaces of these membranes
      to be covered by an ordered array of particles 14.5-nm separations in long rows.
      This particulate coating was released from the membrane surfaces by 10 mM CaCl2
      and recovered free of membranes after dialysis against 0.5 mM EGTA and high-speed
      centrifugation. Two proteins were resolved by gel filtration to be in supernate:
      n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and a filamentous protein which attaches n
      acetylglucosaminidase to the membrane surface thereby providing bidirectionality
      to the array of enzyme. We believe that the filamentous protein has not been
      previously described. Therefore we have called it ligatin from the latin ligare,
      which translates "to bind together". Furthermore, we suggest that the membranes
      of the endocytic complex contain sites for the extracellular digestion of
      carbohydrate moieties in the maternal milk.

PMID- 180038
TI  - [Quantitative separation of biological lipids by successive chromatographic runs
      on juxtaposed thin layers (author's transl)].
AB  - During a study on incorporation of 14C-labeled precursors in biological lipids,
      we had to elaborate a method of quantitative separation of lipid classes, based
      upon three successive chromatographic runs on juxtaposed thin layers. The first
      thin layer, on which the lipid extract is applied, consists of silica gel
      alkalised by means of sodium hydroxide solution. The second thin layer is
      constituted only by silica gel G. The three one-dimensional migrations are
      respectively carried out in the following solvent systems: diethyl ether-hexane
      benzene (55:30:15), hexane-benzene (80:20) and diethyl ether-benzene-acetic acid
      (62:20:18). The lipid fractions are scraped out and counted by liquid
      scintillation. The reproducibility of the whole operation is discussed.

PMID- 180039
TI  - [Lysergic acids. II. Isolation and separation of lysergic acids (author's
      transl)].
AB  - During studies on the isolation of both lysergic acids, D-and D-iso-, from
      hydrolytic mixtures of ergot alkaloids, it became necessary to find a simple
      chromatographic system for column isolation of lysergic acids. The column with
      controlled pore glass is highly effective for these purposes. The separation of
      both isomeric lysergic acids occurs on the column with silica gel. The assay and
      the composition of lysergic acid are estimated by thin-layer chromatography on
      precoated plates.

PMID- 180040
TI  - Forensic aspects of high-pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - This paper reviews the applications of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)
      to forensic problems, and discusses some of the developments that have taken
      place in the use of the technique in the Metropolitan Police Laboratory.
      Preparation of octadecyltrichlorosilane-modified silica is described and some of
      the chromatographic characteristics of this material are investigated.
      Applications of HPLC to the analysis of cannabis, opium alkaloids, amphetamine
      related materials, LSD and polynuclear hydrocarbons are described.

PMID- 180041
TI  - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) levels, a rapid test for abnormal adrenal
      androgen secretion.
AB  - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) concentration was measured in the sera of
      premature and full-term infants and in children throughout puberty.
      Panhypopituitary, Addisonian, and virilized children were also studied. DS
      decreased slowly during the first weeks of life from a high level in neonates to
      the low levels observed between one to five years. After five years of age, DS
      concentration started to rise. A steeper increase was observed with the onset of
      puberty, and adult DS concentrations were reached in late puberty. There was no
      sex difference in DS concentration at any pubertal stage or bone age. Day-to-day
      variations were small in childhood and during puberty, but were considerable in
      premature infants. DS concentrations measured at 0900 h were not significantly
      different from those at 1700 h. There was a positive correlation of serum DS
      concentrations with the excretion of urinary 17-ketosteroids in boys and girls
      (r=0.789). Premature infants had DS concentration in or above the late pubertal
      range. Five panhypopituitary patients and five Addisonian patients had DS
      concentrations below normal. DS was markedly elevated in patients with congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia and in one girl with adrenal carcinoma, and was suppressible
      with dexamethasone in the former. The ease of measurement and the small amount of
      blood required make serum DS determination a useful guide for adrenal androgen
      secretion.

PMID- 180042
TI  - Testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin in patients with Turner's syndrome:
      effects of estrogens and acute growth hormone administration.
AB  - The TeBG activity of plasma from patients with Turner's syndrome was measured
      quantitatively using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Human growth hormone
      administration did not significantly change the plasma TeBG levels. However, oral
      replacement therapy with estrogens elevated plasma TeBG within 3 days; after 9
      days these levels reached a maximum of three- to four-fold greater than that
      observed at a time prior to therapy.

PMID- 180043
TI  - Evidence for altered synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin in gestational
      trophoblastic tumors.
AB  - Tissue extracts of molar tissue or choriocarcinoma, blood, or urine of 21 women
      with gestational trophoblastic disease were analyzed for hCG and its subunits.
      The extracts or biologic fluids were initially chromatographed through a
      standardized Sephadex G-100 column. Each fraction was radioimmunoassayed in
      homologous hCG, hCGalpha, and hCGbeta assays. Extracts of four hydatidiform moles
      contained primarily hCG but no free alpha subunit of that hormone. One of the
      molar extracts contained a small amount of free hCGbeta not observed in the small
      amount of free hCGbeta not observed in the extracts of the other three moles.
      Plasma and urine samples from 18 women with localized or metastatic gestational
      trophoblastic disease contained hCG but no free alpha or beta subunits; the
      neoplasms of those patients readily responded to chemotherapy, and all patients
      have had no evidence of disease for at least one year. The major portion of
      immunologic hCG present in the biologic samples was indistinguishable from native
      hCG in its physical behavior on Sephadex G-100 chromatography. On the other hand,
      three women with widely metastatic tumors died in spite of extensive
      chemotherapy. Extracts of tumors from two of those patients contained hCG and
      free subunits of hCG. The urine and plasma of the third patient contained hCG and
      hCGalpha with the concentration of hCGalpha far exceeding that for hCG in urine.
      The results of these studies clearly show a disparity between the forms of hCG
      found in the normal placenta and pregnancy sera, as previously reported, and
      those found in the neoplastic trophoblast with varying degrees of anaplasia. The
      most striking finding was the absence of free circulating hCGalpha in the sera in
      patients with gestational trophoblastic disease which responded to chemotherapy,
      since free hCGalpha is readily detectable in the sera of normally pregnant women.

PMID- 180044
TI  - Effects of ACTH on steroid metabolism.
AB  - Metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of aldosterone, cortisol, DOC, corticosterone,
      and progesterone were simultaneously measured by constant infusion in 8 control
      subjects before and during an ACTH infusion (12.5 U/4 h). Plasma levels of
      aldosterone and cortisol, the heat-labile plasma protein-bound fraction of
      aldosterone, and hepatic blood flow as estimated by the fractional clearance of
      indocyanine green, were concomitantly determined. The mean MCR of aldosterone,
      cortisol, and DOC increased to a peak value of 26%, 23%, and 22%, respectively,
      above baseline values. The increase was already significant (P is less than
      0.001) 30 min after the beginning of the ACTH infusion. In contrast, no
      consistent changes occurred in the MCR of corticosterone and progesterone or in
      hepatic blood flow. ACTH induced a marked fall in the heat-labile plasma protein
      bound fraction of aldosterone. Plasma levels of aldosterone and corsitol
      increased by 190 and 250%, respectively. A significant negative correlation (r=
      0.423, P is less than 0.01) between the MCR and the heat-labile protein-bound
      fraction of aldosterone was observed. We suggest that competitive interactions in
      the protein binding properties of various steroids account for the selective
      effect of ACTH on the MCR of aldosterone, cortisol, and DOC.

PMID- 180045
TI  - Observations on the cyclic nucleotide concentrations in human cerebrospinal
      fluid.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the concentrations of 3', 5' cyclic adenosine
      monophosphate (cAMP) and 3', 5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, or both, are increased by melanotropic peptides
      and catechol amines, and by cholinergic agents. The present study measured the
      concentrations of cAMP, cGMP, and melanotropic activity in the CSF of normal
      patients and in 136 subjects with various neurologic diseases. In normal lumbar
      CSF, concentrations (ave +/- SD) were: cAMP, 21 +/- 8 mM; cGMP, 2.4 +/- 0.5 mM;
      melanotropic activity, 17 +/- 6 units/100 ml. Concentrations of cAMP, cGMP, and
      melanotropic activity did not differ significantly (P is less than .05) from
      normal in the following categories of adult and pediatric patients: back pain due
      to vertigo of unknown cause; cerebral atrophy; cerebral vascular disease; and
      brain tumor subdural hematoma not causing increased ventricular pressure. Nine
      children with retarded psychomotor development caused by diffuse brain disease
      (infection, trauma, hemorrhage, degenerative process, long-standing hydrocephalus
      with thinning of the cerebral mantle) had subnormal levels of cAMP and
      melanotropic activity. These two variables were significantly correlated in the
      entire series of CSF samples (r=+0.55, P is less than .005). cGMP was elevated in
      the ventricular fluid of adult and pediatric patients when the ventricular
      pressure was abnormally elevated. The nucleotide's level rose as high as 50 X
      normal when ventricular pressure exceeded 300 mm H2O. The concentration of
      ventricular cGMP was proportional to that of ventricular pressure (r=+0.76, P is
      less than .005). The correlation was similar regardless of the type of
      hydrocephalus (congenital or acquired, communicating or obstructive), the age of
      the patient, or the nature of the underlying disease.

PMID- 180046
TI  - Method for preparation of ampoules containing microgram quantities of polypeptide
      hormones for distribution and use as laboratory standards: synthetic human ACTH
      and beta-MSH.
AB  - There are a number of polypeptide hormones, their subunits, and other derivatives
      that are available in such short supply as to preclude distribution by
      conventional methods to the many qualified investigators who require them. This
      report describes a method for preparing sealed ampoules of two such hormones, the
      utilization of which can provide many qualified investigators with comparable,
      stable reference compounds for several years and eliminate unnecessary waste and
      error associated with the distribution and use of bulk quantitites of peptide
      hormone preparations. Sealed ampoules of synthetic human adrenocorticotrophic
      hormone (alpha(h)(1-39) ACTH) and beta melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta(h)(1
      22) MSH) were prepared. Each ampuole contains 50 mug of dried and recoverable
      peptide plus 1 mg of lactose, sealed under dry nitrogen at atmospheric pressure.
      The respective preparations are fully active, both biologically and
      radioimmunologically, and are suitable as reference compounds in all types of
      biologic and radioimmunologic assays of these hormones. In addition, radioactive
      iodine labeling of each peptide can be accomplished without prior removal of the
      lactose.

PMID- 180048
TI  - Comparison of rhinovirus-sensitive HeLa cells and human embryo fibroblasts for
      isolation of rhinoviruses from patients with respiratory disease.
AB  - Rhinovirus-sensitive HeLa cells (HeLa "R") and human embryo lung fibroblasts
      (HEL) were compared for the isolation of rhinoviruses from patients with
      respiratory disease. In the period May 1970 to December 1974, 526 rhinoviruses
      were isolated from 517 patients, 32% in both cell types, 59% in HeLa "R" only,
      and 9% in HEL only. The annual isolations in HeLa "R" were between 1.7 and 4
      times greater than in HEL cells and may have been due to changes in the
      sensitivity of the cells or the prevalence of serotypes favoring the HeLa "R"
      cells. Acid lability was more easily demonstrated in HeLa "R" than in HEL cells,
      because the infectivity titers obtained were 10- to 100-fold higher.

PMID- 180047
TI  - Laboratory investigation of diarrhea in travelers to Mexico: evaluation of
      methods for detecting enterotoxigenic Echerichia coli.
AB  - A laboratory investigation was conducted on cultures collected from travelers
      before, during, and after a trip to Mexico to characterize the etiology of
      traveler's diarrhea. Four laboratory methods for detecting enterotoxigenicity of
      Escherichia coli were evaluated: the infant mouse assay, the Chinese hamster
      ovary (CHO) cell assay, the Y1 adrenal cell assay, and the rabbit ileal loop.
      Although a number of common enteric pathogens were identified as a cause of
      traveler's diarrhea, including six serotypes of Salmonella, two serotypes of
      Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica,
      enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was most commonly isolated. Strains were
      identified that produced only heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), only heat-stable
      enterotoxin (ST), or both LT and ST. The infant mouse assay yielded results
      falling into two distinct groups, providing a clear separation of positive and
      negative cultures. The CHO assay also formed two groups, with positive cultures
      producing 11% or more of the elongated cells. There was good agreement between
      the CHO and the Y1 adrenal cell assays for detection of LT. The adrenal cell
      system for detection of LT was more suitable than the CHO assay for processing
      large numbers of specimens because of the miniculture modification of this method
      utilized in this study. The infant mouse method was a simple and reliable method
      for detecting ST.

PMID- 180049
TI  - Application of a new method for detecting streptococcal nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide glycohydrolase to various M types of Streptoccus pyogenes.
AB  - The production of extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase
      (NADase) by Streptococcus pyogenes can easily be demonstrated using the
      fluorescence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in ultraviolet light occurring
      on addition of strong alkali. The new method described here uses microtiter
      plates and can be read with the naked eye. It permits the screening of large
      numbers of strains in a short time and with minimal amounts of reagents. The
      sensitivity of the new method proved to be good in comparison with the bisulfite
      spectrophotometric method. Culture supernatants of 177 group A streptococci were
      tested for NADase production by the microtiter fluorescence method. We could
      confirm former findings that strains within a certain M type of S. pyogenes are
      usually either producers or nonproducers of the enzyme. The usefulness of the
      test for screening of streptococcal NADase production is discussed.

PMID- 180050
TI  - Suppression by cyproheptadine of human growth hormone and cortisol secretion
      during sleep.
AB  - The effect of cyproheptadine on plasma growth hormone and cortisol levels was
      studied in seven male volunteers with polygraphic sleep monitoring. Sleep-related
      growth hormone release was completely inhibited in three of the seven normal
      subjects by the intravenous infusion of cyproheptadine (5 mg) which was started
      at the onset of sleep. In the other four, growth hormone release during sleep was
      significantly decreased or delayed by cyproheptadine when the drug infusion was
      started at 7:00 p.m., 1-2 h before the onset of sleep. The usual increase in
      plasma cortisol in the early morning was completely suppressed in all five
      subjects given cyproheptadine infusions from 4:00 to 7:00 a.m. The intravenous
      infusion of cyproheptadine increased slow wave sleep, although the time from
      sleep onset to the first occurrence of slow wave sleep was not affected. In
      contrast, rapid eye movement sleep was significantly decreased by cyproheptadine.
      These results suggest that cyproheptadine inhibits growth hormone and ACTH
      secretion during sleep in man, possibly by antagonizing serotoninergic mechanisms
      although other actions of the drug are not ruled out.

PMID- 180051
TI  - Hormonal modulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein
      kinase activity in rat renal cortex. Specificity of enzyme translocation.
AB  - Many of the intracellular actions of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate are
      expressed through phosphorylation reactions mediated by cAMP-dependent protein
      kinases, but little is known about hormonal control of endogenous protein kinase
      activity (PK) in kidney. In the present study, we examined the effects of
      parathyroid hormone, glucagon, and isoproterenol on cAMP and PK in slices of rat
      renal cortex. In the presence of 0.5 mM 1-methyl, 3-isobutyl xanthine, all three
      hormones activated PK in slices, as reflected by an increase in the ratio of
      enzyme activity assayable in homogenates of the slices without addition of cAMP
      to the kinase reaction mixture (cAMP-independent activity) over total enzyme
      activity (+2 uM cAMP in the reaction mixture). When enzyme activity was assayed
      in whole homogenates prepared from slices, the increase in the enzyme activity
      ratio (- cAMP/+cAMP) which followed hormonal stimulation was due entirely to an
      increase in cAMP-independent activity, with no change in total activity. In
      general, a good correlation existed between the alterations in tissue cAMP levels
      mediated by the hormones and/or 1-methyl, 3-isobutyl xanthine and concomitant
      alterations in PK. All three hormones increased PK activity ratios to near unity,
      suggesting complete enzyme activation. However, the concentrations of parathyroid
      hormone and glucagon which produced maximal activation of PK were much lower than
      those required for maximal cAMP responses. Studies with charcoal indicated that
      these hormonal actions on PK reflected intracellular events rather than
      representing activation of the enzyme during tissue homogenization, due to
      release of sequestered cAMP. Thus, homogenization of tissue in charcoal prevented
      activation of PK by subsequent addition of exogenous cAMP, but did not lower
      enzyme activity ratios in homogenates of hormone-stimulated cortical slices. When
      PK was determined in the 20,000 g supernatant fraction of renal cortical slices
      incubated with the hormones, enzyme activity ratios also increased, but total
      enzyme activity declined. Lost activity was recovered by extraction of
      particulate fractions with 500 mM KCl or NaCl, results which implied particulate
      binding of activated PK. Activated soluble PK from renal cortex was bound equally
      well by intact, heat- and trypsin-treated renal cortical pellets and by intact
      and heated hepatic pellets. Accordingly, the apparent translocation of enzyme in
      hormone stimulated cortex does not necessarily represent binding of the activated
      PK to specific acceptor sites in the particulate cell fractions or constitute a
      physiologic hormonal action. Activation of renal cortical PK by increasing
      concentrations of salts suggests that the enzyme in this tissue resembles the
      predominant type found in heart.

PMID- 180053
TI  - Pathophysiology of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate and thallium-201
      scintigraphy of acute anterior myocardial infarcts in dogs.
AB  - In 17 dogs with acute myocardial infarcts produced by ligation of the proximal
      left anterior descending coronary artery, a comparative study was made of
      myocardial scintigrams obtained with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc
      PYP) and thallium-201 (201T1), tissue levels of 99mTc-PYP and 201T1 uptake,
      histopathologic alterations, and regional myocardial perfusion measured with
      radioactive microspheres. 9 of the 10 hearts examined histologically had
      transmural infarcts with outer peripheral, inner peripheral, and central zones
      characterized by distinctive histopathologic features. A progressive reduction in
      myocardial blood flow was demonstrated between normal myocardium and the centers
      of the infarcts, and correlated well with progressive reduction in 201T1 upatke
      in the same regions. Marked 99mTc-PYP concentration occurred in areas with
      partial to homogeneous myocardial necrosis and residual perfusion located in the
      outer peripheral regions of the infarcts. The latter areas also were
      characterized by the presence of muscle cell calcification. The patterns of
      distribution of 99mTc-PYP and 201T1 explained the filling defects on 201T1
      myocardial scintigrams and the doughnut patterns on 99mTc-PYP myocardial
      scintigrams in dogs with transmural infarcts. One dog with a subendocardial
      infarct had a small homogeneous area of activity on the 99mTc-PYP myocardial
      scintigram, and showed marked uptake of 99mTc-PYP in subendocardial areas of
      extensive necrosis and calcification still receiving some coronary perfusion.
      Thus, the data indicate that the status of regional myocardial perfusion is a key
      determinant for the occurrence of distinctive patterns of myocardial necrosis and
      for the scintigraphic detection of acute myocardial infarcts with 99mTc-PYP and
      201T1.

PMID- 180052
TI  - Tissue T and B cell infiltration of primary and metastatic cancer.
AB  - Immunofluorescent techniques were utilized to identify the types of infiltrating
      lymphocytes adjacent to human malignant tumors arising from a wide range of
      anatomic sites. 24 of 29 primary tumors and 5 of 8 metastatic lesions showed
      varying degrees of lymphocytic infiltration. T cells predominated in the
      infiltrates in primary tumors (mean 80%, range 50-100%) and this pattern was
      evident regardless of anatomic site or the presence or absence of metastatic
      spread. By contrast, B cells predominated at the margins of three of five tumor
      metastases. Mononuclear cells bearing the Fc receptor were not a prominent
      component of the infiltrates associated with either primary tumors or metastases,
      but tumor cell binding of fluoresceinated IgG aggregates was observed in 12 of 29
      primary tumors. A significant reduction in peripheral blood T cell numbers
      occurred in a third of the patients studied. This decrease was not clearly
      related either to the extent of local tumor T cell infiltration or to the
      presence of disseminated disease. These preliminary findings provide a
      descriptive analysis of the local and systemic distributions of immunocompetent
      cells in cancer.

PMID- 180054
TI  - Defect in intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus within alveolar
      macrophages in Sendai virus-infected murine lungs.
AB  - Bacterial multiplication associated with virus infections is related to defects
      in in situ bactericidal (phagocytic) mechanisms of the lung. To determine whether
      the phagocytic defect was in bacterial ingestion and/or intracellular digestion,
      mice were infected with a sublethal dose of aerosolized Sendai virus and
      challenged 7 days later with a finely dispersed aerosol of Staphylococcus aureus.
      Groups of uninfected and virus-infected mice were sacrificed at 0, 6, 12, and 24
      h after challenge, the lungs were perfused with formalin in situ, and the intra-
      or extracellular location of the bacteria was determined histologically. At 0 h,
      49% and 51% of the staphylococci had an intracellular location in virus and
      nonvirus-infected lungs, respectively. With time, decreasing numbers of
      staphylococci were observed within the phagocytic cells of nonvirus-infected
      lungs, mostly as single organisms or in small clusters of less than four. In
      contrast, in focal area of virus-infected lungs, increasing numbers of phagocytic
      cells showed clumps of more than 25 bacteria/cell. These data demonstrate that
      virus-infected suppression of pulmonary antibacterial activity against S. aureus
      is related primarily to defects in intracellular processing mechanisms.

PMID- 180055
TI  - Interaction of prostaglandins and histamine with enzymes of cyclic AMP metabolism
      from guinea pig gastric mucosa.
AB  - Prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2, PGA1) and histamine have opposing effects on gastric
      HCl secretion, but we found that both stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in
      cell-free membrane preparations of guinea pig gastric fundic mucosa. The
      stimulatory effect of prostaglandins was found in this study to be specific and
      dose-dependent over a concentration range from 10(-7) to 10(-4) M. In similar
      preparations from antral regions of guinea pig gastric mucosa, the adenylate
      cyclase was stimulated only by PGE1, PGE2, and PGA1 and not by histamine. Maximum
      stimulating doses of PGE1, PGE2, or PGA1, and of histamine had an additive effect
      on the adenylate cyclase activity from fundic gastric mucosa. Metiamide, a
      histamine H2-receptor antagonist, inhibited the stimulation of fundic mucosa
      adenylate cyclase by histamine but did not interfere with the stimulation by
      prostaglandins. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity of guinea pig gastric
      mucosa was unaffected by PGE1 and PGE2 or by histamine, and was slightly
      depressed by PGA1. These results indicate that histamine and prostaglandins
      stimulate two different adenylate cyclase systems both present in guinea pig
      gastric mucosa tissue. Therefore, the known inhibitory effect of prostaglandins
      on gastric acid secretion is not related to the interference with the stimulation
      of the histamine H2-receptor-sensitive adenylate cyclase complex by histamine nor
      do prostaglandins accelerate cyclic AMP breakdown by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase
      to reduce cyclic AMP levels.

PMID- 180056
TI  - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in congestive failure in conscious dogs.
AB  - The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the development of
      congestive failure has been assessed in the conscious dog by use of the
      nonapeptide converting enzyme inhibitor. Constriction of the pulmonary artery or
      thoracic inferior vena cava was maintained for 2 wk while daily measurements were
      made of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, plasma volume, hematocrit,
      serum sodium and potassium concentrations, sodium and water balance, body weight,
      and arterial, caval, and atrial pressures. The initial response to constriction
      was a reduction in blood pressure, a rise in plasma renin activity, plasma
      aldosterone, and water intake, and nearly complete sodium retention. In the days
      after moderate constriction plasma volume and body weight increased (with
      development of ascites and edema); blood pressure, sodium excretion, plasma renin
      acvitity, and plasma aldosterone returned to normal. In animals in which blood
      pressure was not restored, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone remained
      elevated throughout the period of constriction. Single injections of converting
      enzyme inhibitor reduced blood pressure when plasma renin activity was elevated.
      Chronic infusion of the inhibitor in dogs with thoracic inferior vena caval
      constriction prevented the restoration of blood pressure and suppressed the rise
      in plasma aldosterone; sodium retention and volume expansion were less than in
      control experiments. Thus the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an
      essential role in the maintenance of blood pressure during the genesis of
      congestive failure. Initially, the restoration of blood pressure is dependent
      upon circulating angiotensin II; in the later stages, blood pressure is dependent
      upon the increase in plasma volume.

PMID- 180057
TI  - Effect of salicylates on histamine and L-histidine metabolism. Inhibition of
      imidazoleacetate phosphoribosyl transferase.
AB  - In man and other animals, urinary excretion of the histidine and histamine
      metabolite, imidazoleacetate, is increased and that of its conjugated metabolite,
      ribosylimidazoleacetate, decreased by salicylates. Imidazoleacetate has been
      reported to produce analgesia and narcosis. Its accumulation as a result of
      transferase inhibition could play a part in the therapeutic effects of
      salicylates. To determine the locus of salicylate action, we have investigated
      the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on imidazoleacetate phosphoribosyl
      transferase, the enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conjugation of
      imidazoleacetate with phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. As little as 0.2 mM aspirin
      produced 50% inhibition of the rat liver transferase. In vivo, a 30% decrease in
      the urinary excretion of ribosylimidazoleacetate has been observed with plasma
      salicylate concentrations of 0.4 mM. The enzyme was also inhibited by sodium
      salicylate but not by salicylamide, sodium gentisate, aminopyrine, phenacetin,
      phenylbutazone, or indomethacin. The last four drugs have been shown previously
      not to alter the excretion of ribosylimidazoleacetate when administered in vivo.
      Since both the drug specificity and inhibitory concentrations are similar in vivo
      and in vitro, it seems probable that the effect of salicylates on
      imidazoleacetate conjugation results from inhibition of imidazoleacetate
      phosphoribosyl transferase.

PMID- 180058
TI  - Exaggerated phosphaturic response to circulating parathyroid hormone in patients
      with familial X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets.
AB  - To determine whether the phosphaturic response to circulating parathyroid hormone
      (PTH) is exaggerated in patients with familial x-linked hypophosphatemic vitamin
      D-resistant rickets (FHR), we examined the phosphaturic response to parathyroid
      extract (PTE) (administered intravenously in the posthypercalcemic state) in two
      unrelated adult hemizygotes with FHR. In these two patients whose plasma
      concentration of PTH was normal (determined by radioimmunoassay). neither vitamin
      D nor phosphate therapy had been given during the past 10 yr. Two normal men and
      a hypophosphatemic man with intestinal malabsorption, hypocalcemia, and
      osteomalacia served as control subjects. In all subjects, calcium gluconate was
      adminstered intravenously from 6 p.m. to 12 midnight at a rate that maintained
      the concentration of serum calcium at 13-15 mg/100 ml during the administration
      of calcium. When normocalcemia had recurred the next morning, and the plasma PTH
      concentration and urinary excretion of cyclic 3', 5'-AMP were reduced. PTE was
      administered intravenously at successively increasing rates of 0.1, 0.4, and 0.8
      U/kg per h, each rate lasting 90 min. Minutes after the initiation of PTE in the
      affected hemizygotes, fractional excretion of filtered phosphate increased from
      negligible values to values strikingly greater than those of similarly studied
      control subjects and plateaued at strikingly greater values throughout further
      administration of PTE. This phenomenon of exaggerated phosphaturia could not be
      attributed to volume expansion, decreases in serum concentration of calcium
      during the study, differences in percent of administered calcium retained, or
      hemodynamic changes. Only the phosphaturic response to PTE appeared to be
      exaggerated. At any cumulative dose of PTE, urinary excretion of cyclic 3', 5'
      AMP in the hemizogytes was indistinguishable from that of control subjects. The
      findings in this study suggest that in patients with FHR, circulating PTH is
      required for the genetically transmitted abnormality to be physiologically
      expressed as a reduction in net renal reabsorption of phosphate, and that this
      physiological expression of the genetic abnormality is expressed fully at normal
      or nearly normal circulating levels of PTH.

PMID- 180059
TI  - The regulation of plasma 18-hydroxy 11-deoxycorticosterone in man.
AB  - 18-hydroxy 11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH DOC), a weak mineralocorticoid, was
      estimated by a radioimmunoassay procedure after purification in 49 patients with
      hypertension and 38 normal control subjects. The sensitivity of the method was 2
      4 pg; there was no detectable blank, and the precision was 9-10%. In normal
      subjects the absolute plasma levels were similar to those of aldosterone. ACTH
      administration produced a 23-fold increase, and sodium restriction resulted in a
      4-fold increase (5.4+/-0.7-20.5+/-3.0 ng/dl). On the other hand, the plasma
      levels of 18-OH DOC declined by nearly 50% with upright posture or angiotensin II
      infusion. During both of these procedures, plasma aldosterone levels
      significantly increased. Patients with normal and low renin hypertension had
      similar changes in plasma 18-OH DOC levels with sodium restriction. However, the
      mean high sodium level in the normal renin essential hypertension group (11.6+/
      1.6 ng/dl) was significantly greater (P is less than 0.001) than in the control
      group (5.4+/-0.7 ng/dl). In addition, at least 22% and perhaps as high as 37% of
      the hypertensive subjects had levels greater than the upper limits of normal on a
      high sodium intake. Differences between the groups were less impressive in the
      sodium-restricted studies. There were no significant differences in age, duration
      of hypertension, sodium balance, serum sodium, potassium, or blood urea nitrogen
      in those patients who had elevated levels of plasma 18-OH DOC. Patients with
      primary aldosteronism had levels within the normal range on both dietary intake.
      However, in contrast to the other groups there were no significant changes in the
      plasma levels with sodium restriction. Thus, a significant number of patients
      with essential hypertension presumably have an alteration in 18-OH DOC secretion.

PMID- 180060
TI  - Chemiluminescence and superoxide production by myeloperoxidase-deficient
      leukocytes.
AB  - The role of superoxide anion- and myeloperoxidase-dependent reactions in the
      light emission by phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes has been
      investigated using leukocytes that lack myeloperoxidase, inhibitors (azide,
      superoxide dismutase), and model systems. Our earlier finding that oxygen
      consumption, glucose C-1 oxidation, and formate oxidation are greater in
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes that lack myeloperoxidase than in normal cells
      during phagocytosis has been confirmed with leukocytes from two newly described
      myeloperoxidase-deficient siblings. Although the maximal rate of superoxide anion
      production by myeloperoxidase-deficient leukocytes is not significantly different
      from that of normal cells, superoxide production falls off less rapidly with time
      so that with prolonged incubation, it is greater in myeloperoxidase-deficient
      than in normal cells. Chemiluminescence by myeloperoxidase-deficient leukocytes
      during the early postphagocytic period however is decreased. Light emission by
      normal leukocytes is strongly inhibited by both superoxide dismutase and azide,
      whereas that of myeloperoxidase-deficient  leukocytes, while still strongly
      inhibited by superoxide dismutase is considerably less sensitive to azide.
      Zymosan, the phagocytic particle employed in the intact cell system, considerably
      increased the chemiluminescence of a cell-free superoxide-H2O2 generating system
      (xanthine-xanthine oxidase) and a system containing myeloperoxidase, H2O2, and
      chloride. Light emission by the xanthine oxidase model system is strongly
      inhibited by superoxide dismutase and is not inhibited by azide, whereas the
      myeloperoxidase-dependent model system is strongly inhibited by azide but only
      slightly inhibited by superoxide dismutase. These findings suggest that light
      emission by phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes is dependent on both
      myeloperoxidase-catalyzed reactions and the superoxide anion, and involves in
      part the excitation of the ingested particle. These studies are discussed in
      relation to the role of the superoxide anion and chemiluminescence in the
      microbicidal activity of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte.

PMID- 180061
TI  - Fluorescent antibody responses to adenoviruses in humans.
AB  - Specific IgG, IgA, and IgM immunoglobulin antibody responses to adenovirus
      infections were studied by the indirect immunofluorescent technique in six pairs
      of human sera obtained during acute and convalescent phases of the illness. In
      addition, 70 single specimens of sera showing adenovirus IgG antibody from
      different age groups from birth to the 60th year of life were titrated for the
      same antibody to adenovirus types 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7, and 170 serum specimens from
      the same age groups were screened for specific immunoglobulin antibodies against
      types 1 and 5. Specific immunoglobulin antibodies lacked type specificity and in
      acute infections measured heterologous antibody response as well. On the other
      hand, IgG antibodies detected in single specimens of sera by immunofluorescence
      correlate with surveys of the isolation of virus from patients and neutralizing
      antibody studies by other workers. Fluorescent antibodies appeared in all three
      fractions of the immunoglobulins in acute adenovirus infections. Although this
      technique may be used in the diagnosis of adenovirus infections there is no
      advantage compared to complement-fixation testing. However, the use of sera
      absorbed with group antigen may have a more useful place in serological
      epidemiology than in diagnostic work. In five pairs of sera obtained during acute
      and convalescent phases of adenoviral illness and in 70 random single specimens
      from different age groups, "T" antibodies were detected only in the IgG fraction.
      The paired sera did not show a significant rise to indicate the usefulness of "T"
      antibody study in diagnosis.

PMID- 180063
TI  - Membrane activity in histiocytic diseases of the skin.
AB  - Study of the histiocytes from a large variety of skin diseases demonstrates a
      close relationship between the cell processes peculiar to those cells and their
      degree of phagocytic activity. The membrane structures, as well as the dense
      bodies localized in the peripheral cytoplasm, suggest a type of endocytosis
      distinct from pinocytosis and phagocytosis.

PMID- 180062
TI  - Serum beta-lipoprotein and other specific protein concentrations in patients with
      immunocytoma.
AB  - Serum beta-lipoprotein and other specific protein concentrations were measured in
      56 patients suffering from multiple myelomatosis, "benign" paraproteinaemia or
      Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and in 56 control subjects. The mean level of B
      lipoprotein in untreated patients with multiple myelomatosis and
      macroglobulinaemia was significantly lower than that of the controls. Patients
      who responded to chemotherapy showed a rapid return to normal of the beta
      lipoprotein concentration, while the level remained unchanged in most of those
      who did not.

PMID- 180064
TI  - Regulation of bacterial motility by cyclic nucleotides and effect of biogenic
      amines.
AB  - When assayed by a newly devised, simple and quantitative method, "motilometry",
      the motility of E. coli S-26 was found stimulated by cyclic adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and 8-hydroxy cyclic AMP as well as histamine,
      catecholamines and inhibited by cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic
      GMP). The stimulation elicited by cyclic AMP or other biogenic amines was
      reversed by cyclic GMP. The experimental significance and implicaton of these
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 180065
TI  - Activation of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase by a new vitamin E derivative.
AB  - The effects of sodium alpha-tocopherol phosphate (TPNa), a new vitamin E
      derivative, on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases from a soluble supernatant
      fraction of rat liver were investigated. TPNa produced a dose-dependent increase
      in cyclic AMP hydrolysis at a low substrate concentration (1 muM cyclic AMP),
      whereas the compound inhibited the hydrolytic activity at a high substrate level
      (100 muM cyclic AMP). Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity was suppressed by
      TPNa regardless of the substrate concentration. The addition of TPNa did not
      change the apparent Km value (50 muM) of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase at low
      substrate level (less than 5 muM). In contrast, at higher substrate
      concentration, the concave downward curve observed in a Lineweaver-Burk plot
      became straight in the presence of TPNa. Low concentrations of cyclic GMP, which
      are known to activate cyclic AMP hydrolysis, showed an additive effect on cyclic
      AMP phosphodiesterase only when a submaximal concentration of cyclic GMP was
      present in addition to TPNa. These and other data suggest that TPNa modifies
      cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in all allosteric fashion.

PMID- 180066
TI  - Effect of acetylcholine on glycogen phosphorylase activity and cyclic nucleotide
      content in isolated perfused rat hearts.
AB  - Acetylcholine (1muM) increased cyclid GMP content in paced perfused rat hearts
      within 15 sec., with peak content occurring at 1 min. No effect of acetylcholine
      on cyclic AMP content, phosphorylase activity or glycogen synthase was observed.
      Epinephrine (1muM) infusion increased both cyclic AMP content and phosphorylase,
      but did not alter cyclic GMP content or glycogen synthase activity. When
      acetylcholine was infused during the second min. of a 2 min. infusion of
      epinephrine, the cholinergic agent increased cyclic GMP and reduced the
      stimulated phosphorylase activity and elevated cyclic AMP.

PMID- 180067
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide levels during carbachol-induced smooth muscle contractions.
AB  - Cyclic nucleotide levels and tension were measured at various times during
      carbachol-induced smooth muscle contractions. Cyclic GMP levels were markedly
      increased during contractions of rat vas deferens, guinea pig myometrium and
      guinea pig taenia coli, but were unchanged during contractions of rat uterus or
      guinea pig ileum. No significant changes in cyclic GMP levels could be detected
      in estrogen-primed rat uteri at any of the times or drug concentrations studied.
      Even in tissues in which large increases in cyclic GMP levels could be detected
      during carbachol-induced contractions (i.e. guinea pig myometrium and taenia
      coli) the contractions appeared to precede the cyclic GMP increases by several
      seconds. No significant changes in cyclic AMP levels were observed during
      carbachol-induced contractions in any of the smooth muscles studied. Thus,
      changes in tissue levels of the cyclic nucleotides do not appear to be
      responsible for the initiation of carbachol-induced smooth muscle contractions.

PMID- 180068
TI  - Viral calf enteritis.

PMID- 180069
TI  - Study of the arrangement of crystallites in gamma-irradiated human enamel by
      electron paramagnetic resonance.
AB  - The arrangement of tooth enamel microcrystals has been studied on CO3-3 bound
      electrons by electron paramagnetic resonance. It was found that noncarious human
      maxillary central incisors have a greater degree of alignment of tooth enamel
      microcrystals than the carious ones. The outermost surface layer of enamel showed
      a greater crystallite degree of alignment than other parts.

PMID- 180070
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolism in the skin of rats with experimental dermatitis].

PMID- 180071
TI  - [The effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone on the electrical activity of the
      limbic and hypothalamic structures of the rabbit brain].

PMID- 180073
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on pyridine dinucleotides. 4. 1 Measurements
      of correlation times and the binding of oxidized nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide and adenosine 5'-monophosphate to lactate dehydrogenase as viewed by
      2H and 13C relaxation times.

PMID- 180072
TI  - Bronchiolitis and asthma: possible common pathogenetic pathways.
AB  - A discussion of possible mechanism for virus-induced wheezing in normal and
      asthmatic children is presented. Presently attractive theories for immune injury
      in viral bronchiolitis include those which depend on pathology induced by types
      1, 3, and 4 of Gell and Coombs. The continuum of viral bronchiolitis with virus
      induced wheezing in young children who are labeled "asthmatic" argues for some
      common mechanism of bronchiolar obstruction.

PMID- 180074
TI  - Letter: Kinetics of reduction of horse-heart ferricytochrome c by catechol.

PMID- 180075
TI  - Electron nuclear double resonance on heme compounds. ENDOR from the iron ligands
      in protohemin chloride and protohemin bromide.

PMID- 180076
TI  - Letter: Enzymatic cyclization of (R,S)-14,15-oxidogeranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to
      3alpha- and 3beta-hydroxykaurene.

PMID- 180077
TI  - Study of Title 19 (Medicaid) coverage of sterilization.

PMID- 180078
TI  - Relationships between obesity and associated health factors with unemployment
      among low income women.

PMID- 180079
TI  - Comparative study of male and female medical students at the University of
      Kentucky.

PMID- 180080
TI  - Women physicians in United States medical schools: a preliminary report.

PMID- 180081
TI  - Scions of double M.D. parents.

PMID- 180082
TI  - Malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A rare soft tissue tumor of the foot.

PMID- 180083
TI  - Glomus tumor of the foot. Discussion and case report.

PMID- 180084
TI  - Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath(benign synovioma).

PMID- 180085
TI  - Benign synovioma of the foot. A case report.

PMID- 180086
TI  - Synovial sarcoma. A case report of foot involvement.

PMID- 180087
TI  - [Effects of methotrexate on cervico-vaginal cytology].
AB  - Disturbances of folic acid metabolism can bring about the appearance of
      characteristic displastic cells, FD cells, in the cervico-vaginal epithelium. A
      study of the colpocytogram in a series of patients who had trophoblastic tumours
      treated with methotrexate shows that the administration of an antifolic agent can
      provoke under certain conditions the appearance of FD cells or an increase in
      their number when they are present before chemotherapy has been started. These
      cells are in a variable percentage of cases, transitory in nature but when
      methotrexate treatments are repeated they often return as a regular feature. The
      cytomorphologic aspect of these FD cells when they appear after chemotherapy is
      identical to those that exist spontaneously in certain deficiency conditions
      occuring in pregnancy and the puerperium.

PMID- 180173
TI  - Cytochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase activity in monolayer cultures of
      human cells.

PMID- 180174
TI  - Cytochemical model system for microsomal rat liver glucose-6-phosphate.
AB  - A method is described for the incorporation of a microsomal rat liver fraction
      into polyacrylamide films without significant loss of its glucose-6-phosphatase
      activity. The enzymatic activity was completely lost when the films were prepared
      with ammonium persulfate as initiator of the polymerization as previously
      described for alkaline phosphatase, but modification of this method showed that
      about 90% of the glucose-6-phosphatase activity could be retained. The enzyme in
      the films prepared with the new method was completely inhibited by alloxan,
      HgCl2, and preincubation in 0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 5.0) at 37 degrees C, as
      determined biochemically. Similar results were obtained for the enzyme in films
      determined histochemically according to the lead method of Wachstein and Meisel.
      In this respect the behavior of the incorporated enzyme is similar to that in
      suspension. Films fixed with 1.5% glutaraldehyde showed rapid inactivation of
      glucose-6-phosphatase. There was good correlation between the biochemical and
      histochemical activity determined after fixation. A method to embed
      polyacrylamide films in Epon for electron-microscopical investigation is also
      described. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the dehydrating agent instead of
      ethanol/acetone.

PMID- 180175
TI  - Studies of experimental rhinovirus type 2 infections in polar isolation and in
      England.
AB  - After five months of total isolation a wintering party of seventeen British
      Antarctic Survey (BAS) personnel was inoculated under double blind concitions
      with placebo, or rhinovirus type 2 which had been propagated in tissue culture.
      The clinical and virological responses of these subjects were compared with those
      of volunteers in England who received a similar dose of the same strain. The
      virus used was apparently partly attenuated for man; at the dosage used its
      effects in England were similar to a smaller dose of an unattenuated strain, but
      in the Antarctic it caused relatively severe infections. Both the symptoms and
      the laboratory evidence of virus infection appeared to be more pronounced in the
      BAS subjects than in the volunteers in England who received the same challenge.
      In the former group the infection readily spread to those who were originally
      given placebo. In the BAS subjects serum antibody titres were well maintained
      during the isolation period but a significant fall in nasal immunoglobulin
      concentration was recorded during the 5 months of isolation after the virus
      challenge. Possible mechanisms for the increased sensitivity to rhinovirus of
      subjects who have been totally isolated in a small closed community are
      discussed.

PMID- 180176
TI  - The role of sheep and goats in the epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease in
      Kenya.
AB  - The pathogenicity of two bovine field strains of virus for indigenous goats was
      examined in the laboratory. The goats failed to develop clinical disease or
      become virus carriers although the majority showed a definite immune response. A
      field survey in a foot-and-mouth disease enzootic area showed that the indigenous
      sheep and goat populations were frequently exposed to infection as evidenced by a
      high proportion of sero-positive animals but the incidence of virus carriers was
      very low in goats and no carriers were detected in sheep.

PMID- 180177
TI  - Growth of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the upper respiratory tract of non
      immunized, vaccinated, and recovered cattle after intranasal inoculation.
AB  - Non-immunized, vaccinated, and recovered cattle were inoculated intranasally with
      various doses of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Samples of oesophageal-pharyngeal
      (OP) fluid were taken periodically for up to 7 days after inoculation and virus
      titres of these samples were plotted as pharyngeal virus growth curves. In non
      immunized cattle, the length of the lag period and of the growth period were
      inversely proportional to the dose of virus given. Maximum titres were observed
      when clinical signs were first detected. Three of the 10 cattle studied had virus
      growth rates that were lower than rates of others given the same dose of virus,
      and clinical signs appeared later than expected in these three cattle. Cattle
      vaccinated with an inactivated virus oil-adjuvant vaccine had pharyngeal virus
      growth curves that were similar to those obtained from non-immunized cattle for
      30 h. after inoculation. Titres of virus in OP fluid samples taken 2-7 days after
      inoculation were substantially lower in cattle with a high pre-exposure serum
      mouse protection index than titres from partly-immunized or non-immunized cattle.
      Nine of 14 cattle had detectable but reduced virus growth after intranasal
      inoculation with homologous virus. Five recovered cattle inoculated with
      heterologous virus reacted similarly to non-immunized animals.

PMID- 180178
TI  - Immunologic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of virus-induced murine leukemia. III.
      Target cell specificity of autoreactive thymocytes.
AB  - Thymocytes from preleukemic mice persistently infected with Moloney murine
      leukemia virus (MuLV-M-carriers) were vigorously autoaggressive toward normal
      syngeneic target cells; they exhibited a graded response to allogeneic cells, but
      they spared xenogeneic cells or syngeneic cells infected with MuLV-M or MuLV-G
      (Gross). Syngeneic target cells infected with nononcogenic lymphocytic
      choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), or transformed by the chemical carcinogen 3
      methylcholanthrene were not similarly spared. This phenomenon, apparently induced
      by MuLV-M, is not associated with all persistent virus carrier states. Thymocytes
      from mice persistently infected with LCMV or with the lactic dehydrogenase virus
      (LDHV) failed to demonstrate an autoaggressive behavior. That transplantable
      lymphoma cells (derived from MuLV-M-carriers) were autoreactive in a pattern
      similar to thymocytes from preleukemic mice suggests a unique role for MuLV in
      the events leading from altered recognition of "self" to lymphoma.

PMID- 180179
TI  - Appearance of IgG (Fc) receptor(s) on cultured human fibroblasts infected with
      human cytomegalovirus.
AB  - Cultured human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38) after infection with human
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) but not when uninfected, could hemadsorb sheep red blood
      cells (SRBC) coated with rabbit anti-SRBC IgG. The adsorption of IgG-coated SRBC
      to virus-infected cells was completely abolished if the tests were carried out in
      the simultaneous presence of rabbit antiserum elicited against CMV. Normal sera
      of rabbit or human origin as well as purified human IgG but not Fab fragment of
      human IgG could also abolish the binding of sensitized SRBC to CMV-infected
      fibroblasts. Active metabolism on the part of CMV-infected fibroblasts proved to
      be an important requisite for demonstrating binding of sensitized SRBC to their
      surfaces. By using an indicator Staphylococcus aureus to which rabbit antiserum
      against normal human IgG, IgM, or IgA was bound via Fc fragments, evidence has
      been obtained which suggests the existence of receptor(s) on CMV-infected WI-38
      cells that react specifically with Fc region of human IgG.

PMID- 180180
TI  - Antibody to murine leukemia virus: genetic control linked to the H-2 locus in PL
      mice.

PMID- 180181
TI  - Enhancement of early human E rosette formation by cholinergic stimuli.
AB  - The effects of the cholinergic stimuli carbamylcholine (carbachol) and dibutyrl
      cyclic guanosine monophosphate (DBCGMP) were determined on both 'early' and
      'total' E rosette formation. Ficoll-Hypaque-separated lymphocytes were
      preincubated with either carbachol or DBCGMP over a 10(-3) M to 10(-13) M dose
      range. Both agents significantly enhanced 'early', but not 'total' E rosette
      formation. Peak enhancement above control values occurred at 10(-7) M (72%) and
      10(-9) M (69%) for carbachol and 10(-5) M (70%) and 10(-7) M (70%) for DBCGMP.
      Kinetic studies showed a rapid onset of enhancement (2.5 min) for carbachol,
      whereas DBCGMP required 15 min for significant enhancement to occur. The
      muscurinic nature of carbachol enhancement of E rosettes was demonstrated.
      Atropine at 10(-7) M completely abolished the carbachol effect while showing
      little inhibition of the DBCGMP effect on rosette formation. These studies
      indicate that the cholinergic stimuli carbachl and DBCGMP significantly enhance
      the 'early' E rosette former in man. Human T lymphocytes appear to have
      functional cholinergic receptors that can be blocked by the muscurinic antagonist
      atropine. The role of the cyclic nucleotides and their stimulants on the immune
      system is incompletely understood, but it would appear that they are extremely
      important in the differentiation and function of the T lymphocyte. E rosette
      formation may be a useful model in man for studying the effects of the cyclic
      nucleotides on the human T lymphocyte.

PMID- 180182
TI  - Characterization of effector lymphocytes associated with immunity to murine
      sarcoma virus (MSV) induced tumors. I. Physical properties of cytolytic T
      lymphocytes generated in vitro and of their immediate progenitors.
AB  - Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated in secondary mixed leukocyte-tumor
      cell cultures (MLTC) with syngeneic RB1-5 tumor cells as stimulating cells and
      with responding spleen cells from regressor mice that had rejected a murine
      sarcoma virus (MSV)-induced tumor. CTL precursor cells were found to be
      exclusively of thymic origin and non-T cells were apparently not required for CTL
      generation. When the size variations of CTL from syngeneic MLTC were analyzed by
      velocity sedimentation it appeared that a transition from small precursor cells
      to larger effector cells occurred during the first 5 days in culture; this change
      in cell size was then followed by a shift toward small-sized cells. Furthermore,
      the CTL generated in syngeneic MLTC in the MSV tumor immune system were compared
      with those CTL obtained in allogeneic mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) and were
      shown to exhibit fundamental similarities.

PMID- 180183
TI  - Chromatographic separation of gram quantities of immunoglobulins from porcine
      colostrium against transmissible gastroenteritis virus.
AB  - Similar immunoglobulin (Ig) classes were obtained from porcine colodtral whey by
      either column or batch chromatographic procedures; a stepwise buffer elution
      technique was used. Specific transmissible gastroenteritis virus neutralizing
      antibody was found in the 4 major fractions eluted comprising of IgG1, IgG2, IgA,
      and IgM. The IgG1, and IgG2 were essentially homogeneous, and the IgA- AND IgM
      rich fractions had to be recycled several times through Sephadex G-200 to obtain
      pure IgA and IgM that had specific virus neutralizing activities per mg of
      protein of 342.1 and 302. 4, compared with 7.6 for IgG. By a combination of the
      batch chromatographic procedures and gel filtration, gram amounts of specific Ig
      could be fractionated from the same colostrum.

PMID- 180184
TI  - High density lipoprotein (HDL) polymorphisms in rabbit. I. A comparative study of
      rabbit and human serum high density lipoprotein.
AB  - Different classes of rabbit serum lipoprotein were prepared by ultracentrifugal
      flotation at densities 1-006, 1-063 and 1-21 g/ml. Agarose gel electrophoresis on
      rabbit whole serum and the serum fractions with different densities showed that
      this technique separates the different lipoprotein classes reasonably well. The
      electrophoretic mobility of the different lipoprotein classes of rabbit serum
      seems to be similar to that of the human lipoproteins, with the exception of
      alpha1-lipoprotein which had a greater mobility than human alpha1-lipoprotein.
      The chemical composition of rabbit high density lipoprotein (HDL)p was fairly
      similar to that of human HDL although the former seems to be richer in
      triglycerides. HDL was, after isolation by ultracentrifugal flotation at density
      1-21, delipidated and submitted to gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 in 8 M urea.
      The major protein fraction of rabbit apo HDL corresponds in elution volume to
      that of the major fraction of human apo HDL, apoA-I. A protein fraction
      corresponding to human apoA-II does not seem to be present in rabbit HDL in
      demonstrable amounts. The rabbit protein fraction sometimes appearing in the area
      corresponding  to human apoA-II could not be found to be affected by the
      reduction and alkylation method after which human poA-II splits into two
      identical chains.

PMID- 180185
TI  - William Montagna Lecture. Cyclic nucleotides and epidermal cell proliferation.

PMID- 180186
TI  - Regulation of cell cycles.
AB  - Of the major achievements in cell biology during the last 25 years, none is more
      important than the understanding of regulation of cell cycles. In 1953 two
      fundamental observations concerning DNA were made. Watson and Crick suggested
      that the three-dimensional structure of DNA exists as a double helix with
      specific base pairings, and Howard and Pelc observed that DNA is replicated
      during a specific phase in the mitotic cycle. Thus developed the theory of cell
      cycles. Next, investigators explored which events occur during each phase of the
      cycle and what controls the readout of the genes of proliferation or
      differentiation. In 1961, Jacob and Monod proposed that for prokaryotic cells the
      operon is the mechanism which controls the readout of the genes; and by the end
      of the 1960s, several investigators had defined the role of cyclic AMP and its
      mechanism of action at the gene level. The control mechanisms of eukaryotic cells
      are less well defined. Basically there are two types of regulatory molecules:
      those that arrive at the cell surface and send messages inside the cell; and
      those that enter the cell, bind to receptors, and then enter the nucleus to
      interact with the genes. During the past five to ten years, the cell surface and
      its receptors have received considerable attention as the recognition and control
      areas for cell proliferation and differentiation, and currently the role of the
      cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins is being investigated. Various model
      systems are now available for detailed studies of these control mechanisms.

PMID- 180187
TI  - Viral diseases of the skin, 1975: a 25-year perspective.
AB  - Most of the major advances in modern virology during the past 25 years have been
      due principally to the development of refined laboratory techniques and tools and
      have provided a fund of new knowledge and information about the nature of viral
      infection and pathogenesis. One group of viruses of interest to dermatologists,
      the herpesviruses, is undergoing intensive biochemical investigation to determine
      whether it is carcinogenic. As a result of the success of the World Health
      Organization's campaign to eradicate smallpox, it is predicted that by the end of
      1976, smallpox will have been eradicated. Other viruses of dermatologic interest
      which are now being studied include the agents of warts, molluscum contagiosum,
      cat-scratch disease, and enteroviruses. Current research in the field of viral
      chemotherapy may provide the basis for successfully treating these diseases in
      the future.

PMID- 180188
TI  - The culture of skin. A review of theories and experimental methods.
AB  - Two main criticisms can be leveled against the standard methods of skin culture:
      they are poorly quantifiable and the cultured cell populations are heterogeneous.
      A new technique based mainly on enzymatic dissociation allows specific cell types
      to be extracted from the skin before cultivation. In this way, separate cultures
      of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts can be obtained from the same
      piece of skin. These purified systems have been used to study the kinetics of
      epidermal cell growth and to quantify the effect of various chemically defined
      substances on the growth and differentiation of keratinocytes. With further
      refinements in technique, purified populations of melanocytes can be extracted.
      The co-culture of pigmented melanocytes with albino keratinocytes has been
      proposed as a model to study pigment donation in vitro. The usual organ culture
      technique, including the use of large explants of skin immersed in the culture
      fluid, has been modified to show that adult human skin partially regenerates in
      vitro and that mitotic activity goes on for months in the regenerated epidermis.
      The use of nucleic acid hybridization techniques, combined with skin cell
      cultures from human tumors, opens new avenues of research on human cancer.

PMID- 180189
TI  - Evaluation of 6-azauridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine in the treatment of
      experimental viral infections.
AB  - The potential antiviral activity of 6-azauridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine was
      evaluated in a coordinated study at five institutions. Experimental models in
      five species, the mouse, rabbit, swine, cat, and ferret, were established with
      use of 10 viruses: Herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2, murine cytomegalovirus,
      vaccinia virus, Shope fibroma virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, swine
      influenza virus, feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, feline panleukopenia virus,
      and ferret distemper virus. Criteria for selection were: (1) representation from
      a number of major groups of viruses, (2) reproduction of natural routes of
      infection, and (3) simulation of potentially treatable viral infections of man.
      Antiviral activity was observed for 5-iododeoxyuridine in H. hominis infections
      in hairless mice and influenza in swine, and a slight degree of efficacy was
      noted in rabbits infected with Shope fibroma virus. Toxicity was also observed in
      most of the experimental models. There was a suggestion of antiviral activity
      with 6-azauridine in swine infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus;
      however, enhancement of disease and some toxicity were seen in most of the other
      models. Efficacy of these two compounds was not well substantiated by these
      studies.

PMID- 180190
TI  - In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes of donors seronegative for Epstein-Barr virus
      by preparations of inactivated Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - Heat-inactivated preparations of Epstein-Barr virus stimulated human lymphocytes
      as assayed by incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine. The inactivated Epstein-Barr
      virus stimulated the lymphocytes of all five seropositive donors, 11 of 14
      seronegative donors (aged eight to 26 years), and none of 15 neonates. Control
      antigens prepared from a human lymphoid cell line devoid of the Epstein-Barr
      virus genome did not stimulate the lymphocytes of seronegative donors. Fetal calf
      serum at the concentration used for suspension of Epstein-Barr virus did not
      stimulate or only minimally stimulated the lymphocytes of seronegative donors.
      The reactivity of the histocompatibility antigens found on human lymphocytes was
      abolished by procedures used for inactivation of the virus.

PMID- 180192
TI  - Effect of a topical interferon inducer on rhinovirus infections in volunteers.
AB  - Six controlled trials of a topical interferon inducer, N',N'-diotadecyl-N',N'-bis
      (2-hydroxyethyl) propanediamine (CP 20961), against rhinovirus infection in
      volunteers were reviewed. Controls were the drug vehicle (which consisted of a
      mixture of polysorbate-80 in gylcerol and saline), saline only, and oral lactose.
      Multiple doses of the inducer given before challenge in any of three regimens
      reduced the symptomatic response to viral infection. Treatment with three doses
      of drug the day before challenge enhanced the interferon response to virus; four
      days of treatment with either the drug or its vehicle before challenge produced a
      refractoriness to further interferon induction. Both the drug and its vehicle
      were capable of inducing nasal interferon. When interferon was present at the
      time of viral inoculation, symptoms were reduced with or without an increase in
      the interferon response to infection. The rates of infection and illness were
      increased after a single dose of drug and decreased after a single dose of the
      vehicle alone.

PMID- 180194
TI  - Sensitivity of rhinoviruses to human leukocyte and fibroblast interferons.
AB  - Rhinoviruses were tested for sensitivity to human interferon from two sources:
      human leukosytes induced with Sendai virus and human diploid fibroblasts induced
      with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid. Twenty-five serotypes of rhinovirus
      were tested against fibroblast interferon in HeLa cells, and five serotypes were
      evaluated in fibroblast cultures against fibroblast and leukocyte interferons.
      Sensitivity varied widely in the HeLa cell assay; rhinovirus type 10 was
      inhibited by approximately 20-40 units of interferon, whereas rhinovirus type 15
      was not inhibited by 5,120 units; the significance of this observation is
      unclear. In contrast, when fibroblast cultures were used in the assay system,
      five selected serotypes, including rhinovirus types 10 and 15, had similar levels
      of sensitivity (0.5-5.0 units) to fibroblast or leukocyte interferon.

PMID- 180193
TI  - Four compounds active against rhinovirus: comparison in vitro and in volunteers.
AB  - Four unrelated compounds active against rhinovirus were compared in tissue
      culture, and three of them were used in volunteers challenged with rhinovirus.
      The compounds were the triazino-indole SKF 40491, the substituted oxadiazole GLR9
      338, the imidazo-thiazole RP L9326, and the guanidine derivative ICI 73,602. The
      abilities of these compounds to reduce the yield of rhinovirus types 3, 4, 9, and
      31 from HeLa cells or fibroblasts were compared, and a sensitive serotype was
      chosen for each challenge experiment in humans. In doubleblind studies volunteers
      received intranasal medication before and after the challenge. Daily scoring of
      symptoms and titration of virus in nasal washings showed that subjects treated
      with SKF, GL, and RP all shed less virus than their corresponding placebo groups,
      significantly so in the cases of GL and RP. Clinical reactions were also less
      severe in volunteers treated with RP.

PMID- 180191
TI  - Treatment of infections due to Herpesvirus in humans: a critical review of the
      state of the art.
AB  - Results of experimental trials with antiviral agents in humans have varied from
      encouraging to controversial to negative, usually as a result of the difficulty
      in defining the true therapeutic index (ratio of efficacy to toxicity) of toxic
      drugs for the treatment of diseases that are potentially severely debilitating or
      lethal. Reasons for current difficulties relate mainly to inadequacies of
      preclinical studies and the lack of appropriate controls. The inadequacies
      include poor definition of the effect of drugs or viruses on cellular metabolism,
      incomplete pharmacologic studies in animals or humans, and, because of the
      latter, inappropriate animal models. In human trials, historical data have often
      been used instead of true controls because of the presumed severity of candidate
      diseases. Use of such data led to a false impression of drug efficacy, an
      impression later refuted when proper control studies demonstrated that the range
      of disease was much greater than had been previously supposed. Data bearing on
      these points for the most commonly employed experimental compounds (cytosine
      arabinoside, adenine arabinoside, and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine) are contrasted to
      highlight difficulties as well as to provide perspectives for antiviral
      chemotherapy of herpesvirus infections.

PMID- 180196
TI  - Genital herpetic infection in men and women: clinical course and effect of
      topical application of adenine arabinoside.
AB  - Sixty-three episodes of genital herpetic infection in 55 men and 45 episodes in
      42 women were randomly assigned to topical treatment with 3% adenine arabinoside,
      topical treatment with placebo ointment, or no therapy. In addition, 10 episodes
      in women who were not randomly assigned to therapy were evaluated and followed.
      Clinical evaluation and viral cultures were done on day 3, day 8, and weekly
      thereafter until the lesions had healed. The natural clinical course of genital
      herpetic infection was defined in patients given placebo or no therapy. Patients
      with a history of previous genital herpetic infection had significantly less
      pain, few lesions, and shorter duration of illness and viral shedding than
      patients who had no history of previous genital infection with Herpesvirus. An
      unexpected finding was that 87% of women experiencing their first episode of
      genital herpetic infection had cervical cultures positive for Herpesvirus
      hominis, whereas only 4% of women with recurrent herpetic infection had a
      positive cervical culture. Treatment with 3% adenine arabinoside did not
      influence the course of either primary or recurrent genital infection with
      Herpesvirus.

PMID- 180197
TI  - Interferon in treatment of dendritic keratitis in humans: a preliminary report.
AB  - Seventy-three patients with herpetic epithelial keratitis were randomly divided
      into three groups and were treated by local applications of human leukocyte
      interferon, thermocautery plus human leukocyte interferon, or thermocautery plus
      mock human leukocyte interferon to obtain information on whether therapy with
      human leukocyte interferon can serve as a substitute for mechanical debridement
      of the involved epithelium or can improve the results when given as additional
      therapy. Fifty-five patients (75%) yielded herpes simplex virus before treatment,
      and only the results in these patients with keratitis of proved viral etiology
      were included in the analysis. These results indicated that mechanical
      debridement cannot be replaced with local application of human leukocyte
      interferon (3-4 X 10(4) units per day). When given in addition to thermocautery,
      human leukocyte interferon may have been of some value in a number of patients.
      However, the results were not statistically significant. A more potent dosage of
      human leukocyte interferon might provide better results.

PMID- 180198
TI  - Adenine arabinoside for therapy of herpes zoster in immunosuppressed patients:
      preliminary results of a collaborative study.
AB  - Eighty-seven immunosuppressed patients (53 with localized and 34 with
      disseminated herpes zoster) from 10 institutions were enrolled in a controlled
      therapeutic trial of adenine arabinoside. A crossover design was employed; thus,
      47 patients received drug for five days and then received placebo, and 40 were
      given the two substances in the opposite order. Resolution of acute pain and the
      cutaneous lesions were graded during a 10-day observation period. During the
      initial five-day period, treated patients showed a statistically significant
      resolution of pain and cutaneous lesions. Surprisingly, in many untreated
      patients, natural resolution occurred during this period so that crossover data
      could not be adequately assessed. Effects on visceral disease also could not be
      judged, because such disease was uncommon. Ratings of late complications such as
      postherpetic neuralgia were confused by the crossover design. Toxicity posed no
      problem. The data further emphasized the potential usefulness of adenine
      arabinoside as an antiviral chemotherapeutic agent, but also clearly indicated
      the need for a double-blind study to define this usefulness and to determine how
      it can most practically be used, if the risk-benefit factor remains favorable.

PMID- 180195
TI  - Photodynamic inactivation in recurrent infections with herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Photodynamic inactivation with neutral red (a heterotricyclic dye) and light was
      evaluated in a placebo-controlled study of 170 episodes of recurrent infection
      with herpes simplex virus in 96 patients. The technique inactivated herpes
      simplex virus in vitro. However, no beneficial effect, either on the rate of
      resolution of herpetic lesions or on the interval to subsequent recurrences, was
      observed in treated patients. These negative results should not deter further
      investigation of photodynamic inactivation as a potential treatment for herpes
      simplex virus infections, but the clinical application of this form of therapy
      should be limited to properly controlled studies until its efficacy is proven.

PMID- 180199
TI  - Toxicity of adenine arabinoside in humans.
AB  - Six forms of reversible adverse reactions to adenine arabinoside (vidarabine)
      were observed in a two-year period among 42 patients (19 of whom had lymphomas,
      leukemias, or other malignancies) who were treated for complicated infections
      with varicella-zoster or herpes simplex virus. Six patients received placebo. Ten
      patients received 10 mg of adenine arabinoside/kg per day; three received 15
      mg/kg; 22 received 20 mg/kg; and one received 30 mg/kg. Patients were treated (by
      continuous intravenous injection) for an average of seven days. Toxic effects
      were nausea and vomiting, weight loss, weakness (often with impaired ambulation),
      megaloblastosis in erythroid series in bone marrow, tremors five to seven days
      after the start of therapy (including tremors in one patient with abnormal
      electroencephalograms that were consistent with toxic-metabolic encephalopathy),
      and thrombophlebitis at the intravenous site. Side effects clearly predominated
      in patients who received 20 mg/kg per day. Therefore, treatment with 10 mg/kg per
      day appears preferable until the relation of toxicity to dosage level can be
      clarified.

PMID- 180200
TI  - Effect of human exogenous leukocyte interferon in cytomegalovirus infections.
AB  - Human leukocyte interferon was injected into nine patients with cytomegalovirus
      infections; four of these patients were congenitally infected, and five had
      acquired infections. In three patients viruria was completely inhibited. In five
      patients viral excretion in the urine was only transiently inhibited. Viremia was
      not significantly suppressed. The lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin was
      suppressed in two patients.

PMID- 180201
TI  - Effect of leukocyte interferon on urinary excretion of cytomegalovirus by
      infants.
AB  - Five infants with symptomatic cytomegalovirus infections and high urinary titers
      of cytomegalovirus were treated with interferon in doses of 1.7-3.5 X 10(5)
      reference units/kg per day for seven to 14 days. Six courses of treatment were
      given. One of two infants treated with the largest dose of interferon had
      transient suppression of viruria; no suppression was noted during the other five
      courses of treatment. Adverse effects noted included a low rate of weight gain, a
      transient elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and fever. Further trials
      are needed to determine whether larger doses of a more purified preparation of
      interferon will eliminate viruria in infants with sytomegalovirus infection, but
      careful assessment of toxicity will be necessary in this population of patients.

PMID- 180202
TI  - Effective antiviral prophylaxis and therapy by systemic application of human
      interferon in immunosuppressed monkeys.
AB  - Rhesus monkeys treated with antilymphocytic globulin were infected with vaccinia
      virus or with Medical Lake macaque Herpesvirus. At the sites of inoculation of
      vaccinia virus, animals not treated with interferon developed typical pustulous
      reactions and then smaller secondary lesions. Human leukocyte interferon (5 X
      10(5) international units per day) injected intramuscularly, either from one day
      before to three days after infection or for seven days beginning on the first day
      of primary reaction, suppressed the development of secondary lesions but did not
      influence the primary reaction. Infection with Herpesvirus caused a vesicular
      rash similar to that of human varicella. Through prophylactic treatment with
      human leukocyte interferon, the disease was completely averted in two of four
      monkeys, and in the other two the rash was delayed. Therapy initiated when the
      first lesions appeared prevented the enlargement and generalization of lesions in
      all of four monkeys. Formation of serum antibodies was only slightly influenced
      by human leukocyte interferon. The results suggest that systemic treatment with
      interferon, begun either prophylactically or therapeutically with the first
      symptoms, can be effective in immunosuppressed patients.

PMID- 180203
TI  - Immunopotentiation and antiviral chemotherapy in a suckling rat model of
      herpesvirus encephalitis.
AB  - Encephalitis was induced in 10-day-old Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection
      of approximately 100 50% tissue culture infective doses of herpes simplex virus
      type 2. Treatment regimens included immunopotentiation with levamisole and
      combined therapy with levamisole and an antiviral agent, adenine arabinoside.
      Rats treated with levamisole alone had significantly higher rates of survival
      than placebo-treated controls 14 days after injection of virus. Combination
      therapy with levamisole and adenine arabinoside prolonged survival, but there was
      no significant difference between treated animals and controls given placebo.
      Because adenine arabinoside inhibits the beneficial effect of levamisole in this
      model, antiviral chemotherapy in conjunction with immunopotentiation should be
      used with caution in humans. Further studies will be necessary to determine the
      value of immunopotentiation therapy in the treatment of life-threatening viral
      infections.

PMID- 180204
TI  - Experimental encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus: comparison of treatment
      with tilorone hydrochloride and phosphonoacetic acid.
AB  - A mouse model of encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus was used to compare
      the antiviral activity of tilorone hydrochloride with that of phosphonoacetic
      acid. These compounds were also administered simultaneously to determine whether
      the combination had a synergistic effect. Rates of survival and concentrations of
      virus in brain were used as criteria for judging the effectiveness of treatment.
      The fatal course of encephalitis was not altered by any treatment protocols in
      which tilorone hydrochloride was used alone. Four days of treatment with
      phosphonoacetic acid resulted in a long-term survival rate of about 15% of the
      infected, treated animals, and extension of this therapy for an additional three
      days resulted in an overall survival rate of about 35%. No increase in survival
      rate was obtained by use of phosphonoacetic acid and tilorone hydrochloride in
      combination. The concentration of virus in the brains of tilorone hydrochloride
      treated animals did not differ significantly from that in the untreated, infected
      control animals. Treatment with phosphonoacetic acid resulted in a reduction in
      titer of virus in brain and in an increased rate of survival.

PMID- 180205
TI  - Intranasal challenge of mice with herpes simplex virus: an experimental model for
      evaluation of the efficacy of antiviral drugs.
AB  - An experimental model of herpetic infection based on intranasal challenge of 12
      day-old mice with herpes simplex virus (type 1) has been developed for assessment
      of the efficacy of a variety of antiviral compounds with clinical potential:
      cytosine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside, iododeoxyuridine, ribavirin,
      chloriteoxidized oxyamylose, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid, and
      interferon. The model employed is reminiscent of herpetic encephalitis in humans
      in both the portal of entry (nasopharyngeal cavity) and the mode of transmission
      (nerve route) of the virus to the target organ (brain). The mortality rate from
      viral infection was significantly reduced (greater than or equal to 30%) by the
      following treatment regimens: cytosine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside,
      iododeoxyuridine, and ribavirin, administered daily for seven consecutive days
      starting immediately after inoculation of virus, at dosage levels of 4-20 mg/kg,
      20-100mg/kg, 100mg/kg, and 20-100 mg/kg, respectively; and chlorite-oxidized
      oxyamylose, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid, and mouse interferon,
      administered 24 hr before viral challenge, as single doses of 100-500 mg/kg,
      20mg/kg, and 10(7)-10(8) international reference units/kg respectively. Similar
      doses of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid and mouse interferon
      administered after inoculation of virus did not alter the final mortality rate.

PMID- 180206
TI  - Effective antiviral chemotherapy in cytomegalovirus infection of mice.
AB  - Both murine and human strains of cytomegalovirus were shown to be sensitive to
      the antiviral effects of adenine arabinoside and phosphonoacetic acid in tissue
      culture. In mice with lethal cytomegalovirus infections, treatment with adenine
      arabinoside (either 500 mg/kg intraperitoneally once daily or 250 mg/kg
      intraperitoneally twice daily for seven days) failed to reduce the mortality rate
      or to decrease the mean number of days until death. In contrast, treatment with
      the same dosage regimen of phosphonoacetic acid significantly reduced the
      mortality rate and decreased the mean number of days until death even when
      therapy was delayed for 24 hr. Although early treatment with phosphonoacetic acid
      resulted in a marked reduction in viral titers in the brains and lungs of
      infected mice, the major reason for efficacy appeared to be complete inhibition
      of viral replication in the liver. The observation that titers of complement
      requiring neutralizing antibody were significantly lower in treated animals than
      in untreated controls is further evidence of successful therapy. Treatment of a
      nonlethal cytomegalovirus infection with phosphonoacetic acid beginning 48 hr
      after viral challenge resulted in elimination of clinical signs of illness and
      reduction in viral titers in tissues. These results indicate that phosphonoacetic
      acid is successful in the treatment of murine infections with cytomegalovirus;
      they suggest that this drug should be considered for potential use in serious
      cytomegalovirus infections in humans.

PMID- 180208
TI  - Measurements of the prevalence of viral infections.
AB  - Viral diseases exert their major impact through morbidity, impairment of personal
      health, loss of time at work and school, and cost of medical care. Relatively few
      of the known viruses cause a significant number of deaths; influenza, childhood
      viral pneumonia, and hepatitis are the only viral diseases causing more than
      1,000 deaths per year. Data based on the National Health Interview Survey of the
      National Center for Health Statistics show that the common cold annually causes
      35.6 acute illnesses per 100 persons. The data reported by the National
      Therapeutic Disease Index (on the basis of visits by patients to a sample of
      1,500 private physicians) show that influenza and other acute respiratory
      conditions account for about one-third of all visits to physicians. Nearly all
      viruses first infect humans in infancy and childhood, with a relatively low
      fatality rate but with frequent episodes of illness.

PMID- 180207
TI  - Prophylactic control of simian hemorrhagic fever in monkeys by an interferon
      inducer, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid-poly-L-lysine.
AB  - A nuclease-resistant complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
      containing poly-L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose was used as prophylactic
      treatment of simian hemorrhagic fever in rhesus monkeys. This infection has
      proven uniformly fatal to more than 50 monkeys. Treatment 8 hr before infection
      and repeatedly thereafter completely prevented the development of viremia and
      death. Untreated animals died before development of antibodies to the virus. None
      of the treated animals developed antibody to the virus, a fact which suggested
      that viral growth was essentially completely blocked by the compound.

PMID- 180209
TI  - Persistence of the viral genome in interferon-treated cells infected with
      oncogneic or nononcogenic viruses.
AB  - In AKR mouse cells chronically infected with a murine leukemia virus, treatment
      with interferon for nine days resulted in sustained inhibition of extracellular
      production of murine leukemia virus but no inhibition of viral intracellular p30
      antigen or of reverse transcriptase. Removal of interferon resulted in rapid
      reversal of these effects. Interferon-treated mouse L-cells were infected with
      high multiplicities of vesicular stomatitis virus or herpes simplex virus type 1.
      Infectious virus and intracellular viral antigen were rapidly eliminated from the
      interferon-treated cultures infected with herpes simplex virus. In cultures
      infected with vesicular stomatitis virus, titers of virus remained low in
      interferon-treated cells, but after about two weeks they rose rapidly and the
      cultures were destroyed. If treatment with interferon was reinstituted as late as
      nine days after primary infection, infectious vesicular stomatitis virus was
      eliminated, and there was no evidence for survival of the viral genome in these
      cultures. In the cultures infected with murine leukemia virus, inhibition of
      production of virus by treatment with interferon was possible, but the viral
      genome was not eliminated. In cells acutely infected with vesicular stomatitis
      virus or herpes simplex virus, however, the viral genomes were apparently
      eliminated from cultures treated with interferon.

PMID- 180210
TI  - Influence of interferon on the synthesis of virus particles in oncornavirus
      carrier cell lines. IV. Relevance to the potential application of interferon in
      natural infectious diseases.
AB  - That interferon reduced the release of C-type oncornavirus particles by
      chronically infected mouse cells was shown by radiolabeling of the particles with
      uridine or amino acids and by determination of particle-associated reverse
      transcriptase. The number of released particles, as determined by direct electron
      microscopic enumeration, was reduced to a lesser extent. In contrast, interferon
      failed to affect the number of budding particles and caused a slight increase in
      the number of completed particles present in the microspace contiguous to the
      cell membranes. A working hypothesis is that, in the presence of interferon, C
      type particle assembly and release are slowed but not arrested; sizable numbers
      of particles continue to be assembled and released. Some of these particles may
      be defective in one or more proteins, such as reverse transcriptase or proteins
      necessary for final release. These in vitro data justify speculation that, in
      vivo, interferon may be expected to reduce tissue damage due to antigen-antibody
      complex formation, but not damage due to sytolytic immune attack on cells
      carrying the antigens.

PMID- 180211
TI  - Localization fo the gene AVG for the antiviral expression of immune and classical
      interferon to the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 21.
AB  - The responses of normal fibroblasts and of fibroblasts trisomic and monosomic for
      chromosome 21 to exogenously administered virus-induced (classical) and
      phytohemagglutinin-induced (immune) human interferon were determined. The virus
      induced interferon was obtained from leukocytes treated with Sendai virus and
      from neonatal foreskin fibroblasts treated with Newcastle disease virus. With
      both classical and immune interferons, the mean response of the trisomic cell
      lines was three times that of the normal cells, whereas that of the monosomic
      lines was half or less that of the normal cells, Furthermore, a line trisomic for
      only the distal half of the long arm of chromosome 21 (q21 leads to qter) also
      demonstrated increased sensitivity to virus- and phytohemagglutinin-induced
      interferons, a fact that indicated that the gene responsible for the antiviral
      effect of interferon, AVG, is located on this part of chromosome 21. Responses to
      the two categories of interferon (virus-induced and phytohemagglutinin-induced)
      of individual cell lines of different degrees of sensitivity were strongly
      correlated (r=0.79). It is concluded, therefore, that despite their physical and
      antigenic differences, the antiviral expressions of both classical and immune
      interferons are ultimately mediated by the same genetic locus, AVG.

PMID- 180212
TI  - Advantages and limitations of animal models in the evaluation of antiviral
      substances.
AB  - Since many antiviral substances with potential for use in humans are in various
      phases of evaluation, criteria must be developed for selection of those compoinds
      with the greatest probability of efficacy and least toxicity. We lack background
      experience in evaluation of antivirals to permit extrapolation from in vitro
      tests to use in humans; it is of critical importance, therefore, to develop
      animal models for evaluation of antiviral substances before trials in humans and
      to establish guidelines for the relative predictive reliability of in vitro
      screening and evaluation in animal models. The complexity of drug-host and virus
      host interaction and other factors may limit the predictive value of some or all
      experimental systems. Although the use of animal models is an important phase in
      the evaluation of antiviral chemotherapeutic agents, the models must be carefully
      studied and the interaction of drug and virus in the experimental animal
      specifically defined if optimal guidelines for the predictive value of model
      systems are to be developed. These guidelines must then be modified as experience
      is gained with antiviral substances that reach human trials.

PMID- 180213
TI  - Aldosterone and renin-angiotensin responses to stimuli in patients with treated
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - Aldosterone responses to physiologic doses of known regulatory factors have been
      studied in 8 patients with treated congestive heart failure under standard
      conditions of electrolyte balance and controlled body posture. The response of
      plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), and in some instances
      angiotension II, to the brief (120 minute) intravenous administration of ACTH
      (1.25 mug beta1-24 ACTH in 60 minute and 5 mug in 60 minutes), angiotensin II (30
      mug) and potassium (30 mEq.), and to 2 hours in the upright posture, was
      measured. The plasma aldosterone increase was greatest in response to ACTH (mean
      increment 20.8 ng. per 100 ml.) followed by that with upright posture (mean rise
      17.1 ng. per 100 ml.), potassium (mean 6.7 ng. per 100 ml.) and angiotensin II
      (5.8 ng. per 100 ml.). PRA rose vigorously following 2 hours of upright posture
      and fell with angiotensin II infusion, but showed no definite change in response
      to potassium or ACTH. A diurnal pattern of PRA, angiotensin II, and plasma
      aldosterone on control days was observed in these patients, with higher prenoon
      levels falling to a nadir at midnight. The electrolyte and hormone response to
      administered aldosterone (75 mug over 2 hours) was also studied in the same
      patients. During aldosterone infusions, plasma aldosterone increased (increment
      range 36 to 110 ng. per 100 ml.), urine sodium excretion decreased, but no
      significant change in urine potassium excretion or in PRA was observed. It is
      concluded that small fluctuations in ACTH secretion, as well as change in body
      posture, produce marked effects on plasma aldosterone in patients with controlled
      congestive heart failure. Aldosterone responses to ACTH in these patients is
      similar to that observed in normal subjects.

PMID- 180215
TI  - Evidence that the platelet retention factor is separate from the factor VIII
      related antigen and factor VIII.
AB  - Plasmas from a pregnant patient with von Willebrand's disease and from a patient
      with von Willebrand's disease who is taking Premarin had elevated levels of
      Factor VIII-related antigen and Factor VIII activity without any improvement in
      their platelet retention abnormality. When these were added to the blood from
      nonpregnant patients with von Willebrand's disease no significant improvement in
      platelet retention followed. This suggests that the "retention factor" is
      independent of the antigenic Factor VIII-like material.

PMID- 180214
TI  - The process of cholesterol cholelithiasis induced by diet in the prairie dog: a
      physicochemical characterization.
AB  - The rapid induction of cholesterol cholelithiasis in a new experimental model,
      the prairie dog, has recently been reported by two groups. In this model they
      were able to induce gallstones in as brief a period as 2 weeks, using a 1.2 per
      cent cholesterol diet. This unprecedented time intensity or telescoping of the
      induction process provided a unique opportunity for observation of
      physicochemical changes occurring rapidly over a short period of time and to
      correlate these with degree of biliary cholesterol saturation. To make such
      observations, 97 adult male and female prairie dogs were used in the present
      study. Seventy-two were fed the high cholesterol diet and sacrificed at intervals
      over a 14-day period; the remaining 25 were used as controls. The primary
      objective of this work was to determine whether or not there was any relationship
      between the in vivo events induced in prairie dog bile and our recently reported
      detailed observations of cholesterol precipitation phenomena in synthetic bile
      analogs. In these studies, solutions of physiologically relevant composition were
      constructed, which, when plotted according to convention on a tri-linear graph,
      fell within the zone of metastable or suspended supersaturation. These solutions
      revealed a consistent and previously undescribed liquid crystal to solid crystal
      phase transition during their approach to equilibrium at 37 degrees C. The in
      vivo studies of prairie dog bile following rapid induction of supersaturation
      revealed identical changes. At first, the supersaturated biles were isotropic
      followed by a period of turbidity and invariable formation of mesophase. After a
      few days, the liquid crystals decreased and solid cholesterol crystallites
      appeared. The most striking aspect of these observations is that the in vitro
      work has now predicted not only static, but dynamic processes as well, with
      respect to cholesterol precipitation beginning with the metastably supersaturated
      state and eventuating in gallstone formation. Ancillary new findings, resulting
      from the high cholesterol diet, included the induction of human-like hyper-beta
      lipoproteinemia and rapid hepatocyte degranulation shown by electron microscopy.

PMID- 180216
TI  - Regulation of plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in man. I. Increased
      activity in primary hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - Patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia have been reported to manifest
      increased in vivo turnover of plasma cholesteryl esters. To ascertain if this is
      due to plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and to explore a
      possible link between triglyceride and cholesteryl ester turnover, we have
      measured LCAT in 15 patients with Type IV, 2 with Type V, 1 with Type III, and 9
      with Type II B hyperlipoproteinemia. LCAT was significantly elevated (p less than
      0.001) in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, regardless of lipoprotein pattern. In
      the Type IV group, but not in normal subjects, LCAT correlated significantly with
      measures of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) elevation, including plasma
      triglycerides and particularly VLDL-unesterified cholesterol, but not with body
      weight or substrate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) lipid levels. On repeated
      determinations in individual subjects, a relationship between triglyceride
      fluctuations and LCAT could be demonstrated in only one subject over an extreme
      range of triglyceride levels. Analysis of lipoprotein lipids revealed that the
      ester:free cholesterol ratio in VLDL was increased in hypertriglyceridemia, but
      was not correlated with enzyme level. In vitro removal of endogenous VLDL or
      addition of VLDL from lipemic plasmas to normal plasmas was without effect on
      enzyme activity. Regulation of enzyme activity does not appear to be a direct
      function of VLDL level.

PMID- 180217
TI  - Catabolism of canine apolipoprotein A-I: purification, catabolic rate, organs of
      catabolism, and the liver subcellular catabolic site.
AB  - The catabolic site(s) of plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins has not been
      established. We have purified one of the major apolipoproteins and explored its
      catabolic rate and its site of catabolism. Apolipoprotein (Apo) A-1 was purified
      by column chromatography of canine high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction,
      HDL3, which was totally delipidated; the purified Apo A-1, molecular weight
      28,000, had only one precipitin line to either anti-Apo A-1, or anti-Apo HDL3
      serum. Apo A-I was then iodinated, its catabolic rate measured, and the various
      organs and the subcellular sites of liver involved in the catabolism were
      investigated. The T 1/2 of 125I-Apo A-I in HDL3 was 3.33 +/- 0.08 days and in
      plasma 3.52 +/- 0.17 days. The disappearance curve of radioactivity recovered in
      density fractions d less than 1.110 and d greater than 1.210 Gm. per milliliter
      was the same as that in HDL3, suggesting identical Apo A-I catabolism in each
      density class. The liver and kidney absorbed more radioactivity than did the
      spleen, heart, lung, and intestine. In subcellular fractions of liver,
      radioactivity was predominantly recovered in the light mitochondrial fraction.
      There was a statistically significant correlation between the acid phosphatase
      relative specific activity and the relative specific radioactivity in each
      subcellular fraction examined at several time intervals after the injection of
      125I-Apo A-I. Direct organelle isolation and demonstration of labeled
      apoplipoprotein uptake indicate that liver lysosomes may play an important role
      in the catabolism of Apo A-I, as may those of the kidney.

PMID- 180218
TI  - Benign mixed tumour of heterotopic salivary gland tissue in upper neck. Report of
      a case with a review of the literature on heterotopic salivary gland tissue.
AB  - A case of benign mixed tumour arising in ectopic salivary gland tissue of the
      mucous type is described. The tumour was located at the angle of the right
      mandible, in the upper middle third of the neck, along the anterior border of the
      sternomastoid muscle. This observation is substantiated by a pathomorphological
      study. A comprehensive review of the world literature on heteroptic salivary
      gland tissue has also been carried out, together with a search of the possible
      pathogenesis which seems to be connected with an anomalous embryonic development
      within the branchial apparatus.

PMID- 180219
TI  - Measurement of two plasma triglyceride lipases by an immunochemical method:
      studies in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - Postheparin plasma lipolytic activity consists of two hydrolytic activities,
      hepatic triglyceride lipase and lipoprotein lipase. These two enzymes were
      separated and partially purified by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation and
      affinity chromatography using Sepharose with covalently linked heparin and
      concanavalin A, respectively. Antibodies were produced against hepatic
      triglyceride lipase and they did not cross react with lipoprotein lipase. Optimal
      conditions for selective precipitation of hepatic lipase and specific measurement
      of these two lipases were investigated. This method was applied to the study of
      15 patients with hypertriglyceridemia and 8 patients with familial lecithin
      cholesterol-acyltransferase deficiency of whom 6 also had a marked elevated
      plasma triglyceride concentration. All patients had normal values of hepatic
      plasma lipase. All 8 patients with Type I and 2 of 4 patients with Type V
      hyperlipoproteinemia had lipoprotein lipase activities that were markedly
      reduced. The patients with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia and all 8 patients with
      lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase deficiency also had normal lipoprotein
      lipase values. These studies emphasize the necessity for differentiating between
      triglyceride lipase activity of hepatic and extrahepatic origin in evaluating
      patients with impaired triglyceride metabolism.

PMID- 180220
TI  - Mechanism of salt-mediated inhibition of lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - The activity of lipoprotein lipase isolated from rat postheparin plasma has been
      determined with synthetic lipids, in the presence and absence of apoprotein of
      the natural substrate very low density lipoprotein, as a function of medium ion
      pair concentration of a number of different inorganic salts. The several kinetic
      effects of lipoprotein protein on lipase activity were specifically and
      quantitatively reversed in the presence of molar sodium chloride or solutions of
      equivalent effective ion concentrations of other salts. Salt-mediated inhibition
      was fully reversible by silution and was independent of substrate concentration.
      Inhibition was a function of the identity of the salt anion within a Hofmeister
      (lyotropic) series: I- greater than SCN- greater than NO3- greater than Cl-
      greater than F-, and, in these terms, was not significantly different for a
      series of inorganic chlorides (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+). The effects of salts on the
      natural lipoprotein substrates, chylomicrons, and very low density lipoproteins
      were similar to those obtained with a synthetic lipid-protein substrate complex.
      These findings are discussed in the light of recent ideas on the activation of
      lipoprotein lipase.

PMID- 180221
TI  - Phosphatidylglycerol in lung surfactant. III. Possible modifier of surfactant
      function.
AB  - Lamellar bodies and alveolar lavage from adult mammalian lung contain unusually
      high concentrations of phosphatidylglycerol that could serve as a sensitive
      indicator of surfactant. Phosphatidylglycerol was absent and phosphatidylinositol
      was correspondingly prominent in surfactant from the preterm rabbit fetus.
      Phosphatidylglycerol rapidly appeared and phosphatidylinositol decreased
      following the delivery. Surfactant isolated from the prematurely born rabbit or
      from humans with respiratory distress syndrome never contained
      phosphatidylglycerol. Comparison between lamellar bodies from fetal and postnatal
      rabbits revealed remarkably similar composition except for the acidic
      phospholipids; however, the physico-chemical properties were different. The
      compressibility of the surface film (i.e. the ratio of the fractional decrease in
      surface area and the corresponding decrease in surface tension) at low surface
      tensions was higher with fetal than with postnatal surfactant, whereas the
      difference in minimum surface tensions was small. These data suggest that
      phosphatidylglycerol is not an essential component required for the formation of
      the complex, but it improves the properties of surfactant in stabilizing the
      alveoli.

PMID- 180222
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography of bile acids: a new liquid phase for both acetate and
      trimethylsilyl derivatives.
AB  - Polymetaphenoxylene (PPE-20) has been found to be more useful than cyclohexane
      dimethanol succinate (HI-EFF-8-BP) for trimethylsilyl derivatives of bile acids
      and to be preferable to trifluoropropyl substituted silicone (OV-210, QF-1) for
      analysis of their acetate derivatives.

PMID- 180224
TI  - Proceedings: Intracellular responses to gastrointestinal hormones.

PMID- 180223
TI  - Study of the effect of ACTH and cortisol on the plasms lipids in man using thin
      layer chromatography.
AB  - This is a study of the action of ACTH and cortisol on plasma lipids using thin
      layer chromatography and evaluation by densitometry. We have studied the action
      of 50 I.U. of ACTH in eight healthy individuals. We found an increase of free
      fatty acids after four hours and of triglycerides and esterified cholesterol
      after six hours. Free cholesterol levels declined after another six hours, the
      decrease becoming more intense after twenty-four hours. After twenty-four hours
      lecithin underwent a decline which is accompanied by an increase of lisolecithin.
      There was a decrease in the total amount of phospholipids. Seven patients
      received 100 mg. of cortisol intravenously over a period of ten minutes. We
      obtained an increase in free fatty acids after four hours and an increase of
      cholesterol after half and hour. We concluded that ACTH activates peripheral
      lipolysis thereby facilitating the hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and that it
      exerts a stimulating action on the lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase system.
      Cortisol acts by facilitating the synthesis of triglycerides in the liver and
      increasing the hydrolysis of triglycerides in the plasma.

PMID- 180225
TI  - Changes in adrenocortical function in male and female guinea-pigs during
      maturation.
AB  - Adrenal cortisol secretion is greater in female than male guinea-pigs and
      declines with maturation in animals of both sexes. In an attempt to determine the
      intra-adrenal mechanisms responsible for age and sex influences on corticosteroid
      output, adrenocortical enzyme activities were compared in sexually immature (3
      weeks) and mature (17 weeks) animals. Adrenal mitochondrial protein concentration
      decreased with maturation in male and female guinea-pigs. 11beta-Hydroxylase
      activity in adrenal mitochondria was also lower in mature than immature guinea
      pigs but greater in males than females. Neither mitochondrial cytochrome P-450
      concentration nor cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity varied with age or
      sex. Adrenal microsomal protein concentration and 21-hydroxylase activity were
      similar in male and female guinea-pigs of the same age but far greater in mature
      than immature animals. Microsomal cytochrome P-450 concentration was unaffected
      by age or sex. Adrenal delta4-steroid (cortisol) hydrogenase activity increased
      with maturation in both male and female guinea-pigs and was higher in males than
      females. These observations indicate that cortisol secretion, as modified by age
      and sex, correlates closely with adrenal steroid reductive but not oxidative
      metabolism, suggesting that changes in delta4-hydrogenase activity are
      responsible, at least in part, for the decline in adrenal secretion during
      maturation in guinea-pigs.

PMID- 180226
TI  - Endocrine and environmental influences upon plasma cortisol concentrations and
      plasma renin activity of the eel, Anguilla anguilla L.
AB  - The plasma concentrations of cortisol, sodium, potassium and calcium and plasma
      osmolarity were determined in freshwater silver eels, after intravascular
      injections of eel renin preparations, mammalian ACTH, mammalian angiotensin II
      and eel muscle extracts. Arterial blood specimens were taken before and after
      injection of test substances. Partially purified eel and rat renal renins gave
      prolonged pressor responses in intact and hypophysectomized eels and in the
      nephrectomized rat anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone. Angiotensin, but not
      ACTH, produced obvious pressor responses in intact and hypophysectomized eels and
      in eels without their corpuscles of Stannius. Hypophysectomized eels 4-8 days
      after operation had reduced plasma cortisol concentrations. No change in cortisol
      occurred in eels after removal of the corpuscles of Stannius. Eel renin
      preparations and ACTH gave increased concentrations of plasma cortisol 30 min
      after injection into hypophysectomized and intact eels. In general, the length of
      the renin-generated pressor response and the increased cortisol concentration
      were concomitant occurrences. Angiotensin injected into eels with corpuscles of
      Stannius removed and into hypophysectomized eels also increased cortisol levels.
      Control muscle extracts produced no significant changes. There were no acute
      changes in plasma electrolyte concentrations after the injections. Plasma renin
      activity measured indirectly by bioassay of angiotensin generated in vitro was
      more than twice as great in eels adapted to seawater than in eels in fresh water.
      Plasma renin activity gradually fell when eels were transferred from seawater to
      fresh water, and increased when the reverse transfer was carried out.

PMID- 180227
TI  - Active transport of sodium by the malpighian tubules of the tsetse fly Glossian
      morsitans.
AB  - Isolated Malpighian tubules of Glossina morsitans are able to transport sodium
      against its concentration gradient. Their rate of secretion is dependent on the
      sodium concentration of the bathing medium. Potassium must be present in the
      bathing solution for rapid secretion to be maintained, but it does not play an
      active role in fluid secretion. Lithium and ammonium ions are able to substitute
      partially for sodium, other monovalent cations cannot. Ouabain does not affect
      rapid secretion by Glossina tubules in vitro. Conclusions drawn from the results
      are incorporated into a model of Malpighian tubule cell function in this insect.

PMID- 180228
TI  - The influence of various factors on fluid secretion by in vitro salivary glands
      of ixodid Ticks.
AB  - 1. Salivary glands of the female ixodid tick, Dermacentor andersoni, secrete
      fluid in vitro when bathed in a slightly modified version of the mammalian tissue
      culture medium 'TC 199'. 2. Rate of salivation in vitro increases with
      progression of feeding, but there is no comparable increase in dry weight of the
      salivary glands during the early phase of engorgement. Engorged ticks secreted at
      only 25% the rate of 90-250 mg ticks, indicating that salivary gland degeneration
      has already begun in the very early post-engorgement stage. 3. A salivary gland
      stimulating factor can be detected in the nervous system but not in other
      tissues. 4. Male salivary glands secrete at only 1/20th the rate of female
      glands. Thus males probably do not use their salivary glands as osmoregulatory
      organs. 5. From the uniform lack of response to ACh and uniform response to DA in
      7 ixodid tick species, it is suggested that the control of salivation is similar
      throughout the ixodid family.

PMID- 180229
TI  - Age-related changes in cell surface antigens of preleukemic AKR thymocytes.
AB  - Thymocytes from preleukemic AKR mice aged 5-6 mo have an altered pattern of cell
      surface antigens. The expression of four MuLV-related antigens on the cell
      surface (GIX, GCSA, gp70, p30) is markedly increased in comparison to 2-mo-old
      AKR mice and approximates the heightened levels of these antigens found on thymic
      leukemia cells. H-2 and Thy-1 alloantigens also show characteristic modifications
      in relation to age and leukemia development. In contrast to the high Thy-1/low H
      2 levels on 2-mo-old AKR thymocytes, thymocytes from 6-mo-old mice and thymic
      leukemia cells frequently show a low Thy-1/high H-2 surface phenotype. As
      thymocytes from mouse strains with a low incidence of leukemia do not show these
      changes, they appear to represent a stage in the conversion of normal cells to
      leukemia cells.

PMID- 180230
TI  - [Enzyme kinetic determination of glucose (author's transl)].
AB  - A reaction kinetic method is described for the determination of glucose in
      biological fluids. Glucose is oxidized to gluconic acid and NAD is reduced to
      NADH in the presence of glucose dehydrogenase. The rate of formation of NADH is
      followed in a LKB Reaction-Rate-Meter. Together with the analogue read-out, the
      rate of reaction is determined with a newly developed kinetic calculator. The
      specifications of the calculator are given. The new method has the advantage of a
      high rate of throughput and good reproducibility.

PMID- 180231
TI  - [Stabilization of reduced beta-nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide in an organic
      solvent (author's transl)].
AB  - NADH is surprisingly stable, providing it is stored in anhydrous organic
      solvents, and not, as hitherto, in aqueous solvents. The stability of NADH was
      investigated in solution in ethylene glycol-Tris over a period of 136 days at
      temperatures of 2-8 degrees C, 19-22 degrees C, 35 degrees C, 45 degrees C and 60
      degrees C. For comparison, the stability of NADH in solution in distilled water
      was studied under similar conditions.

PMID- 180232
TI  - A kinetic method for serum 5'-nucleotidase using stabilised glutamate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - A modification of a kinetic determination of 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5)
      activity is described. Special attention has been paid to the stabilisation of
      glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2) by L-leucine, optimal NADH concentration and
      the influence of endogeneous ammonia. The optimal concentrations of the other
      constituents of the reagent were checked with the optimal values given in the
      literature. Normal values were determined. The proposed method shows a good
      correlation with a colorimetric reference method.

PMID- 180233
TI  - Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, morphogenetic movements and embryonic neural
      differentiation in Pleurodeles waltlii.
AB  - Evidence is presented for the following hypothesis dealing with dibutyryl-c-AMP
      induction of neural differentiation in Pleurodeles waltlii embryos: (1) Dibutyryl
      c-AMP induces the determination for neural differentiation. (2) Additional
      dibutyryl-c-AMP is not needed for cytodifferentiation. (3) Cytodifferentiation of
      induced cells can only take place after morphogenetic movements (in vivo) or
      extensive cell migrations (in vitro). It is suggested that cell migrations, both
      in vivo and in vitro, lead to the separation of the induced cells from one
      another or from unidentified inhibitory cells.

PMID- 180234
TI  - Distribution of cytochrome-like respiration in streptococci.
AB  - The electron transport systems of 134 strains of streptococci were studied after
      aerobic growth on glucose in the presence of haematin, by examining the
      inhibition of electron transport as well as the cellular site of NADH oxidation.
      Each strain was placed into one of three possible groups: cytochrome-like NADH
      oxidase; flavin-like NADH oxidase; or no NADH oxidase. Most (88%) of the strains
      of Streptococcus faecalis and its variants liquefaciens and zymogenes and a few
      strains of S. lactis and its variant diacetylactis contained cytochrome-like
      respiratory systems. Other streptococci including S. faecium fell into one of the
      other groups but did not contain cytochrome-like NADH oxidases.

PMID- 180235
TI  - Fractionation by differential and zonal centrifugation of spheroplasts prepared
      from a glucose-repressed fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-.
AB  - A method is described for the preparation of spheroplasts in high yield from
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe, by treating cells grown in the presence of glucose and
      deoxyglucose with snail digestive enzymes. Gentle disruption of such spheroplasts
      yielded homogenates, from which marker enzymes for nuclei (NAD pyrophosphorylase)
      and mitochondria (cytochrome c oxidase activity and spectroscopically-detectable
      cytochromes a + a3) could be quantitatively sedimented by low-speed
      centrifugation. In contrast to previous findings with Saccharomyces
      carlsbergensis, cytochrome c oxidase and another mitochondrial enzyme, succinate
      dehydrogenase, were completely sedimentable by zonal centrifugation in sucrose
      gradients in the presence of either 2 mM-MgCl2 or 0-4 mM-EDTA. Mitochondria were
      apparently smaller and of lower buoyant density in gradients containing EDTA. The
      bulk of the total units of malate dehydrogenase and NADH; cytochrome c
      oxidoreductase sedimented with mitochondria, whereas NADPH: cytochrome c
      oxidoreductase was located in fractions containing no mitochondria. The
      distributions of mitochondrial enzymes were heterogeneous in populations of
      mitochondria separated on the basis of size or density. The possible origins of
      mitochondrial heterogeneity in extracts of S. pombe are discussed with special
      reference to changes in the enzyme activities of cells during the cell cycle.

PMID- 180236
TI  - Biochemical and genetic characterization of a carbamyl phosphate synthetase
      mutant of Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - An unusual Escherichia coli K12 mutant for carbamyl phosphate synthetase is
      described. The mutation was generated by bacteriophage MUI insertion and left a
      5% residual activity of the enzyme using either ammonia or glutamine as donors.
      The mutation is recessive to the wild-type allele and maps at or near the pyrA
      gene, but the mutant requires only arginine and not uracil for growth. By a
      second block in the pyrB gene it was possible to shift the accumulated carbamyl
      phosphate to arginine biosynthesis. The Km values and the levels of ornithine
      activation and inhibition by UMP were normal in the mutant enzyme.

PMID- 180237
TI  - Stability of enzymes in starving Arthrobacter crystallopoietes.
AB  - Cell-free extracts prepared from spherical and rod-shaped cells of Arthrobacter
      crystallopoietes were assayed for enzymes during various periods of starvation.
      The level of NADH oxidase dropped to 20 and 30%, respectively, in spherical and
      rod-shaped cells during the first 1 to 2 days of starvation and then remained
      constant for 9 days. Catalase activity decreased continuously and reached a low
      level in 9 days. Enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and the tricarboxylic
      acid cycle were stable for the duration of the experiment (about 1 week).
      Succinic dehydrogenase, fumarase and aconitase were stable during 21 days of
      starvation, which is the longest time enzymes have been shown to be stable in any
      bacterium under conditions of total starvation.

PMID- 180238
TI  - Classification of micrococci on the basis of deoxyribonucleic acid homology.
AB  - The DNA homology relationships of 25 micrococci (15 strains of Micrococcus, eight
      strains of Sarcina and two strains of Staphylococcus) were studied by the
      deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization method using nuclease S1, an endonuclease
      specific for single-stranded DNA molecules. Nineteen of the strains were
      classified into three groups. Group I contained Micrococcus lysodeikticus
      IAMI056, M. luteus IAMI1010, M. flavus IAMI2005 and IAMI2006, Sarcina flava
      IAMI2007 and IAMI1006. S. subflava IAMI2009, S. lutea ATCC381, and ATCC382, and
      M. luteus IAMI1006. Group II contained M. roseus IAMI315, ATCC412, ATCC185 and
      IAMI295. Group III contained S. lutea IAMI099, IFO3232 and ATCC383, M. varians
      ATCC399 and Staphylococcus lactis ATCC15306. Micrococcus luteus IAMI097, M.
      varians ATCC19099 and ATCC19100, M. conglomeratus IAMI459 and IAMI470, and St.
      aureus IAMI011 could not be assigned to any of the three groups. The grouping
      corresponds to that derived from the results of differential lysis by lysozyme,
      'lytic enzyme 2' from Cytophaga sp., or Streptomyces albus G enzyme; and to types
      of peptidoglycan in the cell walls and genetic transformation. The usefulness of
      classification based on sensitivity to various lytic enzymes was demonstrated.
      Group I probably coincides with M. luteus of Bergey's Manual of Determinative
      Bacteriology (1974), and groups II and III with M. roseus and M. varians
      respectively.

PMID- 180239
TI  - Permissiveness of mouse, monkey and hybrid cells to encephalomyocarditis (EMC)
      virus.
AB  - Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus replicates to high titre in permissive mouse
      kidney (MKS) cells but poorly in monkey kidney (CV1) cells. The permissiveness of
      monkey-mouse hybrid cells varies according to their chromosomal content. In
      monkey cells, the synthesis of both single-stranded and double-stranded virus RNA
      is restricted; in semi-permissive hybrid clones, the double-stranded RNA is
      synthesized normally, whereas the synthesis of the single-stranded RNA is
      inhibited. Thus, it seems that more than one restrictive event is responsible for
      the low permissiveness of monkey cells to EMC virus.

PMID- 180240
TI  - Enhancement of polysome formation and protein synthesis in Sendai virus-infected
      cells.
AB  - A considerable stimulation of total protein synthesis in Sendai virus-infected
      chicken fibroblasts occurred 18 h after infection. The stimulation of synthesis
      was shown to be due mainly to the synthesis of virus-specific proteins; the
      synthesis of host proteins was either unchanged or slightly enhanced. The level
      of functional polyribosomes in virus-infected cells was also increased as
      compared to that in mock-infected control while the number of free 80S ribosomes
      was proportionally decreased.

PMID- 180241
TI  - Ribonucleotides in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus DNA.
AB  - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus was grown in the presence of 5-3H
      uridine in a continuous line of bovine kidney cells. 5-3H-uridine was found to be
      associated with viral nucleocapsids. Furthermore, purification of the viral
      nucleic acid present in nucleocapsids illustrated that 5-3H-uridine was part of
      the viral nucleic acid. Purification of viral DNA from infected cells also
      indicated that 5-3H-uridine was associated with viral nucleic acid possibly as
      ribonucleotides. The label was identified as RNA by measuring its susceptibility
      to RNase and analysis of the bases. Short pulses with 5-3H-uridine, resulted in
      labelled nucleic acid which was extremely sensitive to RNase and alkali but
      resistant to DNase. Nucleotide analysis indicated that after short pulses all the
      radioactivity was associated with the base uracil whereas upon longer labelling
      periods a large percentage of the label was associated with cytosine. However
      even if viral DNA was isolated from nucleocapsids there was still some
      radioactivity associated with uracil. Sedimentation of heat denatured 5-3H
      uridine label viral nucleic acid in CS2SO4 indicated that the label sedimented at
      a density of single stranded DNA suggesting that the ribonucleotides are
      covalently linked to the viral DNA.

PMID- 180242
TI  - Rescue of a rat tropic rat hepatoma virus pseudotype Kirsten sarcoma virus by co
      cultivation of hepatoma tissue culture cells with K-NRK cells.
AB  - A rat tropic rat hepatoma virus pseudotype Kirsten sarcoma virus has been rescued
      from a co-culture of rat hepatoma tissue culture cells, HTC-HI, with Kirsten
      murine sarcoma transformed non-producer rat kidney cells (K-NRK). The virus
      complex, RHHV-KiMSV, released from the co-culture exhibited cell transformation
      ability on normal rat kidney (NRK) cells and showed a restricted host range
      limited to rat embryo fibroblasts and other normal rat cell lines. Evidence
      derived from indirect immunofluorescence assays demonstrated the association of
      rat helper virus specific gs-I and gs-3 antigens with RHHV-KiMSV transformed
      cells. RHHVKiMSV is currently being cultured at a titre as high as 10(4)
      f.f.u./ml in tissue culture, and thus offering opportunity for biochemical
      studies of rat viruses.

PMID- 180243
TI  - Characterization of two particle types of calf rotavirus.
AB  - Two distinct types of rotavirus particle were isolated in caesium chloride
      density gradients. The higher density particle banded at 1-38 g/ml and measured
      55 +/- 0-4 nm in diameter while the less dense particle banded at 1-36 g/ml,
      measured 66 +/- 0-4 nm in diameter and appeared to possess an extra outer capsid
      layer. Some forms intermediate between the two types were seen. Since the two
      particles had a similar but not identical morphology and polypeptide composition,
      they were considered to be different forms of the same virus. Infectivity was
      associated with the larger particle which contained one more polypeptide than the
      smaller particle.

PMID- 180244
TI  - Human fibroblast and leukocyte interferons show different dose-response curves in
      assay of cell protection.
AB  - Preparations of human fibroblast and leukocyte interferons of similar potency
      show markedly different dose-response curves in an assay which measures the
      degree of protection of tissue cultures against virus c.p.e. The effect is
      observed with both vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and Mengovirus, and is not
      altered by purification of the interferons.

PMID- 180245
TI  - Requirement of an adenylic acid-rich segment for the infectivity of
      encephalomyocarditis virus RNA.
AB  - About 80% of the RNA molecules extracted from encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus
      were bound by oligo(dT)-cellulose under conditions which bind poly(A) but not
      poly(C) nor ribosomal RNA. This shows that most EMC virus RNA molecules contain a
      poly(A) tract. Both bound and unbound fractions contained RNA molecules of
      apparently the same size when examined by sucrose gradient sedimentation, but the
      bound fraction contained an adenylic acid-rich segment of about 20 nucleotides
      long, whereas the unbound RNA did not. The bound RNA had 200 times the specific
      infectivity of the unbound RNA which suggests that the poly(A) tract present in
      EMC virus RNA is required for infectivity.

PMID- 180246
TI  - Herpes simplex virus specified deoxypyrimidine kinase and the uptake of exogenous
      nucleosides by infected cells.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus can confer to thymidine kinaseless cells the ability to
      incorporate exogenously supplied thymidine into acid precipitable material.
      However no incorporation of exogenously supplied deoxycytidine into acid
      precipitable material can be detected after infection of deoxycytidine kinaseless
      cells by herpes simplex virus. This failure to incorporate exogenous
      deoxycytidine is not due to the failure of the deoxycytidine phosphorylating
      activity of the virus induced deoxycytidine kinase but to a block in the
      metabolism of deoxycytidine monophosphate in herpes simplex virus infected cells.
      This block becomes evident with the appearance of the virus induced
      deoxypyrimidine kinase activity.

PMID- 180247
TI  - The cleavage of polyoma virus DNA by restriction enzymes KpnI and PstI.
AB  - The action of two restriction endonucleases on polyoma virus DNA has been
      examined and the sites at which they cleave the DNA located. One of the enzymes,
      KpnI from Klebsiella pneumoniae OK8, cleaves polyoma DNA twice at about 11-6 and
      59-2% from the EcoRI site. The other enzyme, PstI from Providencia stuartii 164,
      cleaves polyoma DNA five times at about 14-8, 16-5, 32-6, 50-3 and 80-0% from the
      EcoRI site. Some of the cleavages produced by these enzymes alone, or in
      conjunction with other endonucleases, may be of use in the isolation of regions
      of particular interest from the virus DNA.

PMID- 180249
TI  - Control of protein synthesis in herpesvirus-infected cells: analysis of the
      polypeptides induced by wild type and sixteen temperature-sensitive mutants of
      HSV strain 17.
AB  - The polypeptides induced in cells infected with a Glasgow isolate of HSV-I (17
      syn+) have been characterized by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Study of
      the kinetics of synthesis in three cell lines has detected a total of 52
      polypeptides, 33 of which can be identified in polypeptide profiles of purified
      virions. These include six low mol. wt. polypeptides that have not been
      previously reported. Several polypeptides were labelled with glucosamine in
      infected BHK cells. The different polypeptide patterns obtained at permissive (31
      degrees C) and nonpermissive (38 degrees C) temperature in cells infected with 16
      temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants are reported. The effect of multiplicity of
      infection (m.o.i.) on the polypeptide profile has been examined for two of the
      DNA -ve mutants: below ten, the profile varied with the m.o.i. whereas above ten
      it was constant. All mutants were therefore examined at an m.o.i. of approx. 20.
      Mutants from the same complementation group showed very similar profiles. A
      number of general conclusions concerning control of protein synthesis in HSV
      infected cells can be made: (I) As most of the 16 ts mutants affected the
      synthesis of several or many polypeptides it follows that a large proportion of
      genome specifies controlling functions. (2) The high frequency with which some
      polypeptides were affected suggests they are at or near the terminus of
      biosynthetic pathways which are under multiple control. (3) Conversely, some
      polypeptides were affected with a low frequency suggesting that their synthesis
      is not dependent on the expression of many virus functions. (4) Several
      individual ts mutations lead to the synthesis of increased amounts of different
      large polypeptides. (5) Analysis of every band detectably affected by at least
      one ts mutation has disclosed nine classes of dependence relationship between
      polypeptide synthesis and the DNA phenotype of the mutants, illustrating that
      this relationship is complex and different for different polypeptides. (6) The
      inhibition of host protein synthesis by the virus may not be a simple single step
      process.

PMID- 180248
TI  - Use of a transfection method to demonstrate a monolayer cell transforming agent
      from the EB3 line of Burkitt's lymphoma cells.
AB  - Primary human amnion cell monolayers which had been treated with DEAE-dextran,
      washed, and then inoculated with sonicated cells of the EB3 line of Burkitt's
      lymphoma cells developed foci of transformed amnion cells 7 to 14 days later.
      When either the DEAE-dextran or the sonicate was omitted, no significant
      transformation was found. The foci consisted of enlarging mounds of rapidly
      dividing cells, which upon subculturing continued their high miotic activity; and
      strains or lines of the transformed amnion cells were thus readily established.
      The modal number of chromosomes in such lines was 65 instead of the normal 46.
      Not all human amnions yielded cells transformable by EB3 cell sonicate, as
      determined by direct comparisions using the same cultural conditions and testing
      with the same fresh  sonicate preparation in the same experiment. Overall, it
      appeared that only about 40 to 50% of the amnions yielded transformable cell
      monolayers; the rest gave monolayers apprently completely  refractory to the
      transformation. The transformed amnion cells contained nuclear and cytoplasmic
      Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen(s), as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence
      tests. EB3 cell sonicate also caused the appearance of rapidly growing
      transformed cell foci on secondary rat embryo cell  monolayers which had been
      sensitized with DEAE-dextran. Calcium in  the cell maintenance medium decreased
      the number of transformed foci found, both on the human and on the rat cell
      monlayers. Sonicates of cultured  normal human leucocytes had no such
      transforming activity for either the human or the rat cells. The transforming
      agent in EB3 cell sonicate was completely destructible by either
      deoxyribonuclease or trypsin, but not by ribonuclease, and was not neutralizable
      by anti-EBV serum. The simplest interpretation of these results is that the
      transforming agent is part of all of the EBV DNA plus some necessary protein,
      with both the DNA and the protein accessible to hydrolytic enzyme action.

PMID- 180250
TI  - Inhibition of murine sarcoma virus induced transformation by adenovirus
      structural proteins.
AB  - The purified fibre and hexon of adenovirus 12 inhibit the transformation in
      tissue culture of murine sarcoma virus (msv-m) by as much as 80% and 70%,
      respectively, when they are added to cells 8 to 2o h before MSV-M infection.
      During a 12 h period, only about 6 to 8% of added radiolabelled viral proteins
      become associated with cells (or I-O mug protein bound/10(5) cells). No
      inhibition occurs when the proteins are added simultaneously with MSV-M or 90 min
      or 4 h after MSV-M. There is also a direct correlation between the extent of
      focus inhibition and the concentrations of viral proteins used. Concentrations of
      viral proteins used to inhibit cell transformation do not affect cell growth, but
      do reduce cell macromolecular synthesis.

PMID- 180251
TI  - Demonstration of a core in poliovirus particles by electron microscopy.
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of poliovirus in CsCl-solutions without
      conventional staining with phosphotungstic acid or uranyl acetate revealed the
      existence of cores inside poliovirus particles. Empty capsids could not be
      visualized by this technique. Evidently, CsCl can enhance the contrast of the
      virus particle to an extent sufficient for the study of poliovirus particles by
      electron microscopy under conditions in which they exhibit specific properties.

PMID- 180252
TI  - A study of glycolytic and pentose phosphate shunt enzymes in relationship to the
      altered permeability in the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 180253
TI  - Cytochromes in brain mitochondria from lambs with enzootic ataxia.

PMID- 180254
TI  - Decrease of homovanillic, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and cyclic-adenosine-3',5'
      monophosphate content in the rat caudate nucleus induced by the acute
      administration of an aminoacid mixture lacking tyrosine and phenylalanine.

PMID- 180255
TI  - Some electrical properties of motor units and their effects on the methods of
      estimating motor unit numbers.
AB  - Long train (50) electrical pulses were applied to the ulnar, median, and deep
      peroneal nerves. The probability of firing, or firing index, of the first motor
      units (MU) recorded by surface and needle electrodes in the first dorsal
      interosseous, thenar, and extensor digitorum brevis muscles varied from 0-100% as
      the stimulus was increased from a minimum threshold voltage (V) to V + delta V
      (delta V = 2-4 volts). The voltage interval, delta V (firing level range), of
      even the first few MU recruited greatly overlapped in normal subjects, but may
      overlap less in some neuromuscular disorders such as amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis. The mean size of the single MU isolated by (1) isometric voluntary
      contraction method, (2) F recurrent discharge method, and (3) stimulation at
      multiple locations along the nerve, were more than twice as large as the mean
      size of the incremental steps evoked by graded electrical stimulation. These
      results suggest that methods of estimating the number of MU in a muscle should
      incorporate a correction for the fluctuations in excitability and overlap in
      firing levels of MU, and in addition should include larger MU in the estimation
      of the mean MU potential.

PMID- 180256
TI  - Sensory and motor residual latency measurements in helathy patients and patients
      with neuropathy-part 1.
AB  - Median and ulnar nerves were evaluated using established nerve conduction
      techniques in a control population and in a population of patients with
      neuropathy. Motor and sensory residual latencies were obtained. The main
      contributor to the latencies was slowing of the nerve conduction in the smaller
      attenuated nerve fibres of the hand and fingers.

PMID- 180257
TI  - Neurological disorders in the elderly at home.
AB  - Eight hundred and eight subjects participated in three surveys of random samples
      of people aged 65 years or more living in their own homes. Neurological history
      and examination showed the prevalence of completed stroke to be 73 per 1000.
      Eighty-seven subjects per 1000 gave a history of transient cerebral ischaemic
      attacks. These prevalence rates were unaffected by age or sex. Senile dementia
      was diagnosed in 24 subjects per 1000 under 75 years and 109 per 1000 over that
      age. The prevalence of dementia of all types was 43 per 1000 under, and 140 per
      1000, over 75 years of age. Parkinsonism was diagnosed in 16 subjects per 1000,
      and essential tremor in 17 per 1000. The prevalence of epilepsy was four subject
      per 1000. Other neurological disorders were diagnosed in 36 subjects, and a
      similar number had neurological abnormalities to which a definite diagnosis could
      not be given.

PMID- 180258
TI  - Metronidazole neuropathy.
AB  - Two patients are described who developed sensory neuropathy after the ingestion
      of 30.6 and 114 g metronidazole respectively. The drug, widely used in
      gastroenterological and gynaecological practice, has not hitherto been considered
      neurotoxic. The implications are stressed in relation to the differential
      diagnosis of patients with gastroenterological disorders who develop peripheral
      neuropathy.

PMID- 180259
TI  - Diencephalic amnesia: a reappraisal.
AB  - The anatomical basis of memory disorder related to lesions of the diencephalon is
      a controversial matter. A study of a patient who developed severe amnesia in
      association with bilateral metastatic tumour invasion of the medial and posterior
      thalamus is reported. The findings in this case have led to further discussion of
      this unsettled issue.

PMID- 180261
TI  - Bulbocavernosus reflex in normal men and in patients with neurogenic bladder
      and/or impotence.
AB  - The bulbocavernosus reflex was investigated electrophysiologically in 14 normal
      adult male subjects and in 80 patients with neurogenic bladders and/or impotence
      due to various neurological causes as well as in patients with functional
      impotence. The glans penis was stimulated superficially by single electrical
      shocks and the reflex responses were recorded from the bulbocavernosus (BC) and
      the striated anal sphincter muscles by means of concentric needle EMG electrodes.
      In all normal subjects, the BC reflex was recorded from the BC muscle as a stable
      and constant response having a mean latency of 36.1 msec. A response from the
      external anal sphincter was obtained in only 21% of the subjects investigated. In
      13 patients with cauda equina lesions, the BC reflex was either absent or was
      present with a prolonged latency. Twenty-two patients with polyneuropathy of
      various causes were also investigated; in these patients the latency of the BC
      reflex was significantly greater than in the normal controls, but the most
      abnormal results were obtained in cases of alcoholic polyneuropathy. In the 19
      cases of spinal cord disease with spasticity the BC reflex response was very
      intense, often with after discharges but latency values were within normal
      limits. In the 16 cases with functional impotence, the BC reflexes were basically
      normal; but in 3 cases, the threshold of the reflex was significantly raised, and
      in 1 case a prolonged latency was observed. The value and the practical
      application of the BC reflex in the BC reflex in the differential diagnosis of
      bladder dysfunction and of impotence was stressed.

PMID- 180260
TI  - Muscle wasting after prolonged hypoglycaemic coma: case report with
      electrophysiological data.
AB  - A case of distal muscle wasting associated with hypoglycaemia is described. Motor
      and sensory conduction studies are reported that provide little evidence of a
      hypoglycaemic peripheral neuropathy. Damage to anterior horn cells or motor roots
      appears to be a more likely explanation for the amyotrophy. Recovery occurred
      clinically with evidence of reinnervation by axonal collateral sprouting.

PMID- 180262
TI  - Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus in neurological diseases.
AB  - An association of evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in 3 different
      cases of neurological disease not related to infectious monomucleosis is
      reported. A rise in antibody titres to EBV-viral capsid antigen (VCA) and early
      antigen (EA) in the serum and CSF was demonstrated in a patient with acute
      encephalitis and in a patient with a psychotic-like organic brain syndrome. Both
      patients demonstrated albuminocytological dissociation in the cerebrospinal
      fluid. IgM antibodies specific to EBV-VCA indicating a primary infection by EBV
      were found in both patients. In the second, concomitant infection with HSV1
      probably preceding EBV infection was found. In the third patient with
      polyneuritis, elevated antibody titres to EBV-VCA were demonstrated. No evidence
      of penetration of antibodies to EBV through the blood-brain barrier, resulting
      from the elevated level in the serum, was demonstrated.

PMID- 180263
TI  - In vivo reversal of thyroxine induction of DNA synthesis by dibutyrly cyclic AMP
      in developing rat cerebellum.
AB  - Thyroxine, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and a combination of both drugs were
      administered daily from birth to 2, 2 and 3 pups, respectively from each of 5
      litters of Sprague-Dawley rats. Body weight, brain weight, cerebellar weight, and
      cerebellar DNA were measured in each animal at age 5 days and compared with
      values from a pair of controls from each litter. Cerebellar weight and DNA
      content were affected more severely than body weight in cyclic AMP-treated
      animals, with cerebellar DNA reduced significantly to 88% of control values.
      Cerebellar DNA was significantly elevated to 117% of control values in thyroxine
      treated animals. This augmentation of cerebellar DNA synthesis by thyroxine was
      negated by administration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP 10 min prior to the thyroxine
      injection. These results support an hypothesis that the enhancement of cerebellar
      cell division by thyroxine involves an increase in the ratio of intracellular
      cyclic guanosine monophosphate to cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The reversal of
      the thyroxine-induced increase in cerebellar DNA synthesis by a prior injection
      of dibutyryl cyclic AMP suggests that the early stimulation of cell division by
      thyroxine may be mediated by cyclic AMP, and that the intracellular balance
      between cerebellar cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP was distorted by in vivo elevation
      of intracellular cyclic AMP levels.

PMID- 180264
TI  - Hereditary motor peripheral neuropathy predominantly affecting the arms.
AB  - A kinship is described in which there was slowly progressive wasting and weakness
      of the muscles of the upper and occasionally of the lower limbs. Some members had
      hyperreflexia. There were no sensory abnormalities. Electrophysiological study
      suggested the presence of motor peripheral polyneuropathy. The condition appeared
      to be inherited as an autosomal dominant. The disorder does not appear typical of
      any of the known hereditary polyneuropathies and it is possible that it may
      represent a unique hereditary, dominantly motor, polyneuropathy. The significance
      of the hyperreflexia is uncertain, but raises the possibility of minor central
      involvement as well as peripheral neuropathy.

PMID- 180265
TI  - Pigmented ganglioneuroblastoma: relation of melanin and lipofuscin to schwannomas
      and other tumors of neural crest origin.
AB  - An unusual case of ganglioneuroblastoma containing melanin is presented. Electron
      microscopy revealed various stages of development of melanosomes in neoplastic
      cells of Schwann, the first direct demonstration in human material that these
      cells are malanogenic. The frequent occurrence of neuromelanin in autonomic
      ganglia and in ganglioneuromas is interpreted as the presence of altered
      lipofuscin. Review of ultrastructural and other observations indicates a relation
      between various pigmented tumors, the cell of Schwann, and other cells arising
      from the neural crest.

PMID- 180266
TI  - Gian axonal neuropathy--a generalized disorder of cytoplasmic microfilament
      formation.
AB  - Light and electron microscopy of a sural nerve biopsy obtained from a patient
      with giant axonal neuropathy revealed the presence of numerous axonal spheroids
      which were composed chiefly of neurofilaments. Large discrete masses of
      cytoplasmic microfilaments were also observed in endoneurial fibroblasts,
      endothelial cells, Schwann cells, perineurial cells and cultured skin
      fibroblasts. Neuronal degeneration in giant axonal neuropathy appears to be part
      of a generalized disorder of cytoplasmic microfilament formation.

PMID- 180267
TI  - Melanoma of the pituitary. Case report.
AB  - A case is described in which a pigmented tumor occupied the pituitary fossa with
      a large suprasellar extension. Its histological and ultrastructural appearances
      resembled those of a melanoma. The origin of the tumor is discussed with
      particular reference to Rathke's pouch.

PMID- 180268
TI  - Pathogenesis of aqueductal occlusion in congenital murine hydrocephalus.
AB  - In a study of congenital hydrocephalus in the murine mutant (hy-3/hy-3), the
      authors found that aqueductal stenosis develops during the progression of
      hydrocephalus. In Stage 1 hydrocephalus (ventricular dilation and open aqueduct),
      a block in the subarachnoid space over the cerebral convexities causes the
      lateral and third ventricles to enlarge. The ependyma becomes stretched and a
      collection of edematous fluid forms in the subependymal layer. In Stage 2
      hydrocephalus (edema in white matter around lateral ventricles and compression of
      quadrigeminal plate), edema develops peripheral to ependyma in the aqueduct and
      compresses the lateral surfaces of the aqueductal wall to obstruct the lumen.
      While periaqueductal edema is spreading, the forces of the expanding midline
      structures and the cystic occiital horns alter the relationship of brain
      structures. There is no proliferation of glia, but, rather, a "simple stenosis"
      which results from a combination of ventricular dilation, cerebral edema, brain
      shift, brain-stem compression, and brain-stem edema. In this study, normal
      ependymal specializations were observed that indicate a more active functional
      role for aqueductal ependyma than previously recognized.

PMID- 180269
TI  - Relationship between bone uptake of 99mTc-pyrophosphate and hydroxyproline in
      blood and urine.
AB  - In a group of hospital patients with various diseases, the urinary hydroxyproline
      to-creatinine ratio showed a significant correlation (r = 0.63; p less than
      0.001) with the 5-hr bone-to-soft-tissue ratio for 99mTc-pyrophosphate uptake. In
      patients on chronic hemodialysis, a similar correlation was found between the 5
      hr bone-to-soft-tissue ratio and hydroxyproline levels in plasma and serum. The
      findings suggest that 99mTc-pyrophosphate binding by bone is related to collagen
      metabolism.

PMID- 180270
TI  - Carboxyl-labeled 11C-1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid, a potential agent for
      cancer detection.
AB  - Carboxyl-labeled 11C-1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (11C-ACPC) has been
      prepared in multimillicurie amounts. The conversion of H11CN to 11C-ACPC (t1/2 =
      20.4 min) was accomplished by a rapid (20-min) two-step high-temperature
      modification of the Bucherer-Strecker amino acid synthesis technique, which
      should be applicable at other accelerator installations. Purification was by ion
      exchange techniques. Animal studies have indicated that 11C-ACPC is a potential
      tumor-localizing agent for detecting cancer in humans by nuclear medicine
      scanning techniques.

PMID- 180271
TI  - Studies on the adduct of 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione with vitamin D3.

PMID- 180272
TI  - Asymmetric adsorption of DL-alanine hydrochloride by quartz.

PMID- 180273
TI  - Ventilation and sleep states in newborn infants.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that ventilation in the newborn period is affected by
      sleep state. We investigated various measures affecting ventilation using the
      single breath airway occlusion technique in ten healthy, full-term newborn
      infants. There was a significant increase in respiratory rate and in minute
      ventilation in rapid eye movement sleep compared to non-REM sleep, and there was
      no significant change in tidal volume between the two sleep states. The
      variability of ventilation was increased in REM sleep, and inspiratory pressure
      at one-tenth of a second following airway occlusion was significantly increased
      in REM sleep. Effective elastance was similar in both sleep states. Measures that
      reflect activity of the Hering-Breuer reflex were significantly increased in non
      REM sleep as compared with REM sleep. These results document the interdependence
      of sleep state and respiratory control mechanisms in full-term infants.

PMID- 180274
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants: quantitation and duration of
      shedding.
AB  - Infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection were studied to
      delineate the quantitative shedding patterns and duration of shedding of RSV.
      Nasal wash specimens collected daily from 19 infants contained a mean maximal
      titer of 4.34 log10 50% tissue culture infective doses per milliliter. On
      admission, the mean titer was 4.14 log10 TCID50, with no consistent decline until
      after Day 6. The mean duration of shedding for 23 patients until they were virus
      negative was 6.7 days with a range of 1 to 21 days. Quantities of RSV shed were
      significantly greater in infants less than one month of age and in infants with
      evidence of pulmonary consolidation on chest roentgenogram. Shedding extended for
      a significantly longer time in infants with lower respiratory tract disease than
      in those with clinical manifestations limited to the upper respiratory tract.

PMID- 180276
TI  - Long-term hepatocellular effects of hycanthone and of two other anti-Schistosomal
      drugs in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - In confirmation of an earlier study, it was found that in mice infected with
      Schistosoma mansoni hepatocellular carcinomas are induced by hycanthone, an
      antischistosomal drug and potent frameshift mutagen. In addition, a high
      incidence 1) of micronodular hepatocellular whirling lesions with increased
      basophilia, 2) of other proliferative areas of altered cellularity and 3) of
      precancerous nodules was found in the livers of schistosome-infected mice treated
      with hycanthone. A dosage schedule of hycanthone which was too small to have any
      significant chemotherapeutic effect in mice (3 X 3 mg/kg) was sufficient to
      induce a statistically highly significant incidence of micronodular lesions and
      of precancerous nodules. Hence, the hepatic tissue proved more susceptible to low
      doses of this drug than the parasite. No significant hepatocarcinogenic effects
      or other hepatocellular changes were induced by chemotherapeutically effective
      doses of two related equipotent antischistosomal compounds, a chloroindazole
      analog of hycanthone, IA-4, and the tetrahydroquinoline derivative, oxamniquine.

PMID- 180275
TI  - Protracted pneumonitis in young infants associated with perinatally acquired
      cytomegaloviral infection.
AB  - Two infants developed a protracted pneumonitis with lower respiratory obstruction
      beginning at one month of age. Lung biopsy in one suggested a viral etiology
      which prompted an extensive investigation of each infant for specific etiology.
      Virologic, serologic, immunologic, and electronmicroscopic studies indicated that
      cytomegalovirus was a major causative factor. The infections were apparently
      acquired at birth from infected maternal genital tracts and have persisted for
      prolonged periods of time. Evidence for gross immunologic defect as a
      precipitating cause was lacking. These infants serve to emphasize the possible
      pathologic potential of CMV when acquired in early life even in the absence of
      iatrogenic immunosuppression.

PMID- 180277
TI  - A study of the effects of p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid on acetylcholine
      induced responses of molluscan neurons.
AB  - The effects of the organic mercurial p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid (PCMBS)
      on the acetylcholine receptors of two types of neurons from the marine gastropod
      Anisodoris nobilis were studied. Cell types were distinguished by the ion
      specific conductance change resulting from applied cholinergic agents: in certain
      cells a conductance increase to Cl resulted (Cl-neurons); in other cells a cation
      conductance increase resulted (D cells). Exposure of the Cl-neurons to 1 mM PCMBS
      at 4 degrees C had two distinct effects: 1) the sensitivity of the membrane
      conductance to microelectrophoretically applied carbamylcholine was blocked in a
      few minutes; and 2) the membrane conductance slowly increased with an inversion
      potential which was the same as that of the cholinergically induced response. d
      Turbocurarine did not appreciably reduce this conductance increase. However,
      applying carbamylcholine during the exposure period to PCMBS reduced the PCMBS
      response. The cholinergic response of D cells was affected to a much lesser
      degree by PCMBS.

PMID- 180278
TI  - Electrophysiological observations on the action of the purified scorpion venom,
      tityustoxin, on nerve and skeletal muscle of the rat.
AB  - When tityustoxin (TsTX, 1.43 muM; mol. wt. 6995) was applied to the rat phrenic
      nerve-diaphragm muscle preparation, both the directly and indirectly elicited
      muscle contractions were transiently potentiated by about 30 and 60%,
      respectively, and the half-relaxation time was prolonged to more than 10 times
      the control. The onset of potentiation of muscle contraction was immediate and
      coincided closely with the prolongation of the directly elicited action potential
      and depolarization of the muscle membrane but preceded the presynaptic effect of
      the toxin. TsTX antagonized the neuromuscular blockade produced by low
      concentrations of d-tubocurarine (6.5 muM) but not by higher concentrations of d
      tubocurarine (13 muM) or by alpha-bungarotoxin (5 mug/ml). Single shocks to the
      nerve of toxin-treated muscles evoked repetitive end-plate potentials which
      summated and triggered action potentials and muscle contractions 15 minutes after
      exposure. After 25 minutes, the frequency of spontaneous transmitter release
      transiently increased from 2 to 550 sec-1 but was never blocked and there was no
      blockade of the acetylcholine receptors of chronically denervated muscle. Both
      the increase in miniature end-plate potential frequency and postsynaptic
      depolarization induced by TsTX could be blocked by tetrodotoxin, and the effects
      on end-plate potentials and action potentials could be blocked by lowering the
      external sodium concentration. Removal of calcium and addition of ethylene glycol
      bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA, 10 mM) to the bathing
      fluid blocked the presynaptic but not postsynaptic effects of TsTX at 23 degrees
      C; at 37 degrees C the presynaptic effects of TsTX in a calcium-free medium with
      EGTA were depressed but still present. Delayed rectification and membrane
      electrical characteristics were unaffected by TsTX. The results indicate that
      TsTX depolarizes the pre- and postsynaptic membranes by increasing sodium
      permeability. The postsynaptic site of action is most likely to be the
      sarcolemmal membrane where TsTX delays Na inactivation and thus prolongs the
      active phase of muscle contraction. Presynaptically, TsTX has two sites of
      action: 1) it depolarizes the nerve terminal thus facilitating the spontaneous
      release of transmitter; and 2) it acts at the membrane of the unmyelinated nerve
      terminal arborizations where it prolongs the sodium current thus giving rise to a
      repetitive response to single shocks applied to the nerve.

PMID- 180279
TI  - Effects of ethacrynic acid and furosemide on isolated rat kidney mitochondria:
      inhibition of electron transport in the region of phosphorylation site II.
AB  - Previous reports that ethacrynic acid and furosemide inhibit the respiration of
      isolated mitochondria suggested a direct action of these diuretics on oxidative
      metabolism. To explore this possibility further, the effects of ethacrynic acid
      and furosemide on the oxygen consumption of mitochondria isolated from the cortex
      and outer medulla of rat kidneys were investigated. Both diuretics inhibited
      state 3 and uncoupled respiration supported by glutamate-malate (which enters the
      electron transport chain prior to site I) and succinate (which enters prior to
      site II); respiration supported by tetramethyl phenylene diamine-ascorbate (which
      enters prior to site III) was relatively unaffected. Biochemical bypass of site
      II significantly alleviated the respiratory inhibition by both agents.
      Confirmation of these findings was provided by measurement of the electron
      transport carriers by dual wavelength spectroscopy, which showed that both
      diuretics caused a reduction of flavoproteins and an oxidation of the
      cytochromes. It is concluded that ethacrynic acid and furosemide inhibit
      oxidative phosphorylation in vitro by inhibiting electron transport through
      phosphorylation site II.

PMID- 180280
TI  - The effect of parathyroidectomy and large doses of cholecalciferol on the ability
      of rats to adapt to changes in dietary intake of calcium.
AB  - 1. Adaptation to different dietary levels of calcium was produced by feeding a
      low (0-2%) calcium diet or one of two high (1-6 or 0-8%) calcium diets for 4 or 6
      weeks. Adaptive changes in true and apparent absorption of calcium, apparent
      absorption of phosphate and urinary excretion of calcium, were observed. 2.
      Parathyroidectomy performed prior to adaptation did not greatly impair the
      ability of rats to adapt to different levels of calcium in the diet. The response
      of the rats to parathyroidectomy was affected by their subsequent dietary
      history. 3. Six weeks after parathyroidectomy the plasma calcium was
      significantly higher than it had been immediately post-operatively. This rise in
      plasma calcium was seen in the rats adapted to the 1-6% calcium diet but not in
      those adapted to the 0-2% calcium diet. 4. Parathyroidectomy performed after
      adaptation had taken place did not abolish the adaptive changes. The response of
      rats to parathyroidectomy was affected by their previous dietary history. 5.
      Large doses of cholecalciferol given for 8 days after adaptation had taken place
      increased the absorption of calcium in rats adapted to the 0-8% calcium diet
      thereby abolishing or reducing the adaptive differences in absorption between
      these rats and rats adapted to the 0-2% calcium diet. The cholecalciferol
      increased urinary calcium excretion but did not abolish adaptive differences in
      urinary excretion of calcium between rats adapted to diets with different calcium
      levels. 6. It is concluded that parathyroid hormone does not play a major role in
      mediating adaptation to different dietary intakes of calcium. The possible role
      of 1-25 dihydroxycholecalciferol is discussed.

PMID- 180282
TI  - Proceedings: Periodic fluctuations in transmitter release at the frog
      neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 180281
TI  - Synaptic transmission in parasympathetic ganglia in the urinary bladder of the
      cat.
AB  - 1. Electrophysiological techniques were used to study the sacral para-sympathetic
      input to pelvic ganglia located on the surface of the urinary bladder of the cat.
      2. Synaptic transmission in pelvic ganglia was mediated primarily via nicotinic
      receptors although muscarinic excitatory receptors were present. 3. The most
      prominent characteristic of transmission in pelvic ganglia was the marked
      recruitment elicited by increasing frequencies of preganglionic nerve
      stimulation. Post-ganglionic action potentials were of low amplitude at low
      frequencies of stimulation (0-1-0-5c/s), but commonly increased to five to twenty
      times control amplitudes during continuous stimulation at frequencies between 5
      and 10c/s. Thus, it is proposed that vesical ganglia may act as "filters" in the
      micturition pathway; blocking the excitatory input to the bladder when
      intravesical pressure and parasympathetic firing is low and facilitating the
      neural input to the bladder during micturition when preganglionic activity is
      high. 4. Information was also obtained about the characteristics of the
      parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurones innervating the bladder. Stimulation of
      the preganglionic fibres in the pelvic nerve elicited a bimodal contraction
      consisting of an initial phasic response, which was atropine-resistant and a
      tonic response which was blocked by atropine. This suggests that two types of
      neurones, cholinergic and non-cholinergic, may mediate the sacral input to the
      vesical smooth muscle.

PMID- 180283
TI  - [Fetal and neo-natal development of brown adipose tissue in guinea pigs and rats.
      Feto-maternal or milk transfer of essential fatty acids : lipogenesis and
      morphology (author's transl)].
AB  - Brown adipose tissue (BAT) lipogenesis (fatty acid, glycerol and CO2 synthesis)
      and its morphology determined by optical microscopy, were studied in guinea pigs
      and rats during intra-uterine life and during the suckling period. Following the
      receptor induction and after the commencement of the hormone sensitive adenylate
      cyclase/lipase system (i.e. on the 60th day in guinea pigs, on the 20th day in
      rats), the fetal BAT releases fatty acids (NEFA) and is capable of allowing the
      non-shivering thermogenesis. When the maternal diet and, consequently, the fetal
      or neonatal BAT are supplied with considerable linoleic acid, NEFA contain a
      large proportion of essential fatty acids. In vitro, the greater the linoleic
      acid concentration in these NEFA, the less inhibited is the lipogenesis from (2
      14C) pyruvate. Thus, in periods just preceding or succeeding birth, fatty acid
      and glycerol synthesis are higher when the feto-maternal and/or the milk supply
      are enriched in linoleic acid than when they contain a large proportion of
      endogenous fatty acids. Morphological studies indicate that the adipose cell
      evolution could be nonidentical in BAT more or less enriched in essential fatty
      acids. Linoleic enriched BAT (of animals born to females kept on a sunflower oil
      diet) seemed to be in a healthy physiological state at birth, perhaps due to
      rapid lipid renewal and synthesis in their membranes. The control BAT (of animals
      born to females kept on a lard diet) appeared loaded with fats and in a worse
      conservation state at the same age.

PMID- 180285
TI  - Group intervention techniques: a practical guide for psychiatric team members.

PMID- 180284
TI  - Anxiety and depression in the stroke patient: a nursing challenge.

PMID- 180286
TI  - A framework for family therapy.

PMID- 180287
TI  - An operational approach to the delayed grief and mourning process.

PMID- 180288
TI  - Impulse control.

PMID- 180289
TI  - Remotivation: involvement without labels.

PMID- 180290
TI  - Inhibition by theophylline of phagocytosis in Acanthamoeba castellanii.
AB  - Theophylline inhibited the phagocytosis of latex beads by Acanthamoeba
      castellanii (Neff). The cells recovered the ability to engulf beads after 1-2 hr
      of exposure to theophylline. Cells which have been exposed to 25 mM theophylline
      for a period of inhibition and recovery were not inhibited further by incubation
      with a fresh medium containing the same concentration of theophylline. However,
      the medium in which the cells recovered was as effective as a fresh medium in
      inhibiting phagocytosis in a fresh batch of cells, suggesting that the
      development of insensitivity to theophylline inhibition resides with the cells
      themselves. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP also inhibited bead uptake.

PMID- 180291
TI  - The changing management of nephroblastoma.

PMID- 180292
TI  - Genetic markers in atherosclerosis: a review.
AB  - There is a growing number of lipoprotein markers recognized by immunological,
      electrophoretic, and other biochemical methods, and a beginning has been made on
      studying their modes of inheritance and linkage relations. Suggestive but
      inconclusive evidence of a relation between the cerumen polymorphism and
      arteriosclerosis has been published. Associations of the ABO blood groups with
      cardiovascular disease and serum lipid levels have been established, but the
      exact relation to lipoproteins and atherosclerosis remains to be determined.

PMID- 180293
TI  - Trisomy 8 restricted to cultured fibroblasts.
AB  - In the course of re-examing cultured fibroblasts stored in liquid nitrogen from a
      patient with developmental retardation, solitary left kidney, and Wilms tumour, a
      cell line trisomic for chromosome 8 was found. Trisomy 8 was restricted to
      fibroblasts in the first 22 subcultures and was absent in later passages as well
      as in lymphocytes. A familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 2 was observed
      in three generations including the propositus but was though to be unrelated to
      the clinical problem. Multiple spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements were seen
      in several late subcultures.

PMID- 180294
TI  - The isolation of reovirus-like agents (rota-viruses) from acute gastroenteritis
      of piglets.
AB  - Isolations of reovirus-like agents (rotaviruses) were made from nine of 23
      outbreaks of piglet diarrhoea on different farms and from both weaned and
      unweaned piglets. The viruses were shown to be morphologically and anti-genically
      similar to the rotaviruses of children and calves. Gnotobiotig piglets given
      intranasal inoculations of five different isolates developed acute
      gastroenteritis, and the virus was re-isolated from the faeces or intestinal
      contents. The piglet virus was not adapted to replicate in cell culture. We
      conclude that the pig rotavirus is commonly associated with outbreaks of
      gastroenteritis and is probably an important aetiological factor in this disease.

PMID- 180295
TI  - Fusion of phospholipid vesicles reconstituted with cytochrome c oxidase and
      mitochondrial hydrophobic protein.
AB  - Reconstituted cytochrome oxidase liposomes were fused with liposomes
      reconstituted with mitochondrial hydrophobic protein, which acts as a membrane
      bound uncoupler of cytochrome oxidase. Fusion was assayed by the loss of
      respiratory control of cytochrome oxidase as measured by the increased rate of
      ascorbate oxidation induced by hydrophobic protein when both proteins shared the
      same vesicles. Fusion was dependent on the presence of phosphatidylserine in the
      liposomes Ca++ in the aqueous medium. Phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine
      liposomes required higher concentrations of phosphatidylserine and Ca++ than did
      phosphatidylethanolamine-phosphatidylserine liposomes. Cytochrome oxidase
      vesicles containing high concentrations of phosphatidylserine showed little or no
      respiratory control, while those with lower concentrations showed high
      respiratory control; respiratory control could be induced by fusing cytochrome
      oxidase vesicles containing high phosphatidylserine with protein-free liposomes
      containing low phosphatidylserine concentration. If cytochrome oxidase vesicles
      and hydrophobic protein vesicles were prefused separately for 15 min, they lost
      the ability to fuse upon being subsequently mixed together. The reconstituted
      vesicles had diameters of about 200 A; fusion yielded vesicles with diameters in
      excess of 1000 A.

PMID- 180296
TI  - Oildroplets in the eyes of adult anuran amphibians: a comparative survey.
AB  - Oildroplets in the eyes of terrestrial vertebrates are spherical cellular
      organelles that stain for lipids, have no discernible internal structure, and
      often contain carotenoids and possibly other chemicals. A survey of 97 species of
      anuran amphibians (frogs and toads) revealed that all species of 16 families
      surveyed possessed yellow oildroplets of varying size in the cells of the pigment
      epithelium, except for three species that appear to have secondarily lost them
      during evolution. Furthermore, 25 species of six families also possess colorless
      oildroplets at the distal end of the inner segments of single cones and principal
      cones of the double-cone system; two species of the Ranidae appear to have
      secondarily lost such retinal oildroplets. Every species possesses epithelial or
      retinal oildroplets or both. Lastly, small oildroplet-like inclusions were
      discovered in the red blood cells of two species. All of Walls' ('42) summary
      generalizations about anuran oildroplets are incorrect: oildroplets are not
      restricted to the Ranidae, are not yellow when found in the cones, and do not
      correlate with photoactic behavior in 87 species. Evidence is reviewed suggesting
      that the primary function of anuran oildroplets is chemical storage, perhaps
      related to the visual pigment cycle. Oildroplets in the cones may additionally
      act as filters of ultraviolet radiation.

PMID- 180299
TI  - Management of parotid neoplasms.

PMID- 180298
TI  - Empirical relationship between the number of nucleotide substitutions and
      interspecific identity of amino acid sequences in some proteins.
AB  - There are three different methods of estimating the number of nucleotide
      substitutions between a pair of species from amino acid sequence data, i.e. the
      Poisson correction method, random evolutionary hit method, and counting the
      actual but minimum number of nucleotide substitutions. In this paper the
      relationships among the estimates obtained by these methods are studied
      empirically. The results obtained indicate that there is a high correlation among
      these estimates and in practice any of the three methods may be used for
      constructing evolutionary trees or relating nucleotide substitutions to
      evolutionary time. The effects of varying rates of nucleotide substition among
      different sites on the Poisson correction and random evolutionary hit methods are
      also studied mathematically. It is shown that these two methods are quite
      insensitive to the variation of the rate of nucleotide substitution.

PMID- 180297
TI  - Evolutionary processes and evolutionary noise at the molecular level. II. A
      selectionist model for random fixations in proteins.
AB  - On account, notably, of a competition between different component functions for
      individual sites in polypeptide chains, each protein molecule represents a
      functional compromise, with some functions optimized, but the overall state of
      the molecule "suboptimal". The proposal is made that the selection coefficient
      relating to a protein molecule under given conditions can in principle be broken
      down into partial selection coefficients relevant to the different functions that
      the molecule carries out. At general-function sites, each fixation improves some
      function, while others deteriorate, at first nonsignificantly, and the overall
      adaptive state of the molecule fluctuates around its maximum. A selective
      mechanism is described whereby kaleidoscopic changes in primary structure at
      variable sites are indefinitely promoted, independently of any environmental
      changes and with the molecule remaining close to a state of maximal overall
      adaptation. The paradoxical aspect of this proposal is analyzed. The implication
      of specific functions in substitutions at general-function sites is noted.
      Further, it is shown that a certain category of changes in the internal
      environment of the organism can be integrated into the constant-environmental
      model for selection. Genetic sufficiency is considered a notion more adequate
      than genetic optimality for describing biological fitness and for providing a
      basis for the present model. On this basis selection occurs without genetic load.
      Multipolymorphism is one of the consequences. Several lines of evidence, in
      particular observations on polymorphism in deep sea organisms, seem to support
      the model. It is pointed out that it provides a theoretical foundation for a
      molecular evolutionary clock. The theoretical constancy of the clock depends on
      the constancy of functional density. The question of the evolution of functional
      density is examined. Comparisons of observed substitution frequencies with values
      expected on a random basis are rejected as a measure of the contribution to
      evolution of nondetermination. They are considered to reflect a hierarchy in the
      resistance of the molecules to different amino acid residues as substituents. A
      limited component of "true" randomness, again accompanied by selection, is on the
      other hand provided by the model. Most amino acid substitutions are considered
      evolutionary noise, even though noise compatible with selection. It is proposed
      that evolutionary significant substitutions may be identified by monitoring
      changes in functional density and weighted functional density.

PMID- 180300
TI  - Gustatory sweating and related syndromes.
AB  - Gustatory sweating is a reflex, localized production of sweat associated with
      sight, smell, or ingestion of food. It involves most commonly the area of the
      auriculo-temporal nerve where it produces the well known Frey's syndrome. The
      pathophysiology of the syndrome is described with the aid of diagrams.
      Anatomically related syndromes are explained, namely the chorda tympani syndrome,
      crocodile tears, xerophthalmia of the suprageniculate facial nerve palsy, and the
      partial (otogenic) Horner's syndrome.

PMID- 180301
TI  - Avian arboviruses of the Witless Bay seabird Sanctuary, Newfoundland, Canada.
AB  - A virologic and serologic survey of arbovirus infections among seabirds and
      seabird ticks, Ixodes uriae, on Great Island. Witless Bay, Newfoundland, Canada,
      was conducted during 1971 and 1972. Kermerovo (Great Island, Bauline) and
      Sakhalin (Avalon) group viruses previously reported from birds and/or ticks on
      Great Island were prevalent among avian populations, while conclusive evidence of
      known nonindigenous serotypes was lacking. Circumstantial evidence
      hemagglutination inhibiting antibody-of an unidentified member of the group B
      tick-borne encephalitis complex transmitted among marine birds of North America
      by I. uriae is reported. No evidence of human infections with any of these
      viruses was detected in a small number of biologists doing research on Great
      Island.

PMID- 180302
TI  - An outbreak of duck virus enteritis (duck plague) in Alberta.
AB  - Duck plague (Duck virus enteritis) was disgnosed in a resident population of
      Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) on a small game farm in Alberta. This disease
      has not been reported previously in Canada. Clinical signs consisted of cyanosis,
      depression and acute death. Necropsy of two Muscovy ducks revealed lesions
      typical of the disease. There were ulcerations with pseudomembranes in the small
      intestine, ulcerations with caseous plaques in the esophagus and eosinophilic
      intranuclear inclusion bodies in the spleen. Clinical disease with mortality was
      reproduced in young ducklings injected with tissue homogenates from field cases.
      All surviving inoculated ducklings seroconverted to highly significant titres of
      neutralizing antibodies to duck virus enteritis (DVE) virus. All attempts to
      isolate the agent in embryonating duck eggs or primary tissues cultures of duck
      and chicken kidney were negative. Identification of the DVE virus was
      accomplished by serum neutralization with ducklings as the host system.

PMID- 180303
TI  - Nonhuman primate-associated viral hepatitis type A. Serologic evidence of
      hepatitis A virus infection.
AB  - Since 1961, viral hepatitis has been recognized as an occupational hazard among
      handlers of newly imported chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates. To determine
      whether previously reported cases were caused by human viral hepatitis type A, we
      tested paired serum samples from two outbreaks for antibody to hepatitis A
      antigen (anti-HA) by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA), recently available
      test. In both outbreaks, one of hepatitis transmitted from chimpanzee to man
      (Michigan, 1964), the second from chimpanzee to chimpanzee, man, and woolly
      monkey (Connecticut, 1971), serologic data documented recent hepatitis A virus
      infection among contacts-human and nonhuman primate-of implicated chimpanzees.
      This confirms serologically a previously noted epidemiologic association between
      nonhuman primate-associated hepatitis and human viral hepatitis, type A.

PMID- 180304
TI  - Hyperlipidemia due to oxymetholone therapy. Occurrence in a long-term
      hemodialysis patient.
AB  - Marked hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia accompanied by angina and a
      left cerebral thrombosis occurred in a long-term hemodialysis patient following 5
      1/2 weeks of oral treatment with oxymetholone, 100 mg/day, a synthetic androgen.
      After androgen therapy was discontinued, over a three-month period, plasma lipid
      values progressively decreased below pretreatment values, and clinical symptoms
      disappeared. During rechallenge with oxymetholone, serum lipid values increased
      substantially, and the lipoprotein pattern changed from a type IV to a type V.
      Detailed lipid studies showed subnormal postheparin lipolytic activity and a fast
      migrating pre-beta-lipoprotein in a very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
      fraction. Because of the data linking lipid abnormalities to atherosclerosis and
      the acceleration of atherosclerosis in long-term hemodialysis patients, great
      caution should be exercised in administering androgenic steroids to these
      patients.

PMID- 180305
TI  - Neuromyelitis optica (relapsing type).
AB  - A case of relapsing type of neuromyelitis optica following influenza-like illness
      treated successfully with steroids and corticotrophin has been described. Raised
      gamma-globulin in CSF was suggestive of an autoimmune disorder. Inspite of six
      relapses in 8 years she has minimal neurological deficit.

PMID- 180307
TI  - [Radioreceptor assay of gonadotropin].

PMID- 180308
TI  - [Surgery of cerebellar glioma].

PMID- 180306
TI  - [Analysis of hormone receptors by radioreceptor assay and its clinical use].

PMID- 180309
TI  - [ACTH (including MSH) - its chemical structure, function and clinical use].

PMID- 180310
TI  - Lipids and lipoproteins of serum and organ tissues in a case of familial
      hyperlipoproteinemia type II.
AB  - Lipids and lipoproteins of serum and various organ tissues of a patient with
      familial hyperlipoproteinemia homozygous Type II were studied. It was found that
      low density lipoprotein between densities of 1.006 and 1.063 was a major
      component of serum of the patient. The isolated low density lipoprotein appeared
      to be rather similar to that of normal human serum from the viewpoints of
      chemical composition and physico-chemical properties. Antibody against the low
      density lipoprotein of the patient reacted not only with the same lipoprotein,
      but also with normal human low density lipoproteins. Immunoelectrophoresis of the
      antibody gave a single precipitin line against only the low density lipoprotein.
      Immunofluorescent techniques using the fluorescein labeled antibody showed
      localization of low density lipoprotein in cytoplasm of hepatocytes of both the
      patient and other human. No fluorescences were found in other organ cells except
      in their capillary tubes and renal glomerulus in the hyperlipoproteinemia Type
      II. It was noted that tuberous xanthomata contained fairly large amounts of
      cholesterol and cholesterol ester. Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and
      phospholipids from the serum low density lipoprotein, xanthomata, liver and other
      organ tissues were compared with each other. Chomesterol ester of the xanthomata
      contained much smaller amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids as compared with
      those of the low density lipoprotein and other tissue. Also, composition of free
      fatty acids in liver differed from those of other tissues.

PMID- 180311
TI  - Serum lipoprotein profile in infectious hepatitis.
AB  - There is absence of pre-beta and alpha-lipoproteins in the acute stage of
      infectious hepatitis. With improvement both clinically and biochemically there is
      appearance of both lipoproteins, with complete reversal to normal lipoprotein
      pattern in the end.

PMID- 180312
TI  - Response of nude mice to a mouse hepatitis virus isolated from a wasting nude
      mouse.
AB  - Chronic active hepatitis was produced in nude mice after inoculation with a mouse
      hepatitis virus from a natural nude case which was incapable of causing fatal
      infection in haired heterozygous mice without cortisone. Survival time of
      infected nude mice varied greatly from 1 to 10 weeks after the inoculation.
      Degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, apparition of small and megalocytic
      hepatocytes, and infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells with fibrosis, were
      most remarkable in those which died 3 weeks or more after inoculation. No such
      severe hepatic lesions were recognized in heterozygous haired litter-mates after
      inoculation of the same virus. Necrotic lesions with poor inflammatory reactions
      were seen in the brain of all infected and dead nude mice, while some cerebral
      lesions with apparent perivascular infiltration were detected in heterozygous
      ones only at early stage of infection.

PMID- 180313
TI  - Clostridium perfringens exotoxins. IV. Inhibition of the theta-toxin induced
      hemolysis by steroids and related compounds.
AB  - 1. The inhibitory powers of thirty two samples of steroids and their related
      compounds on the theta-toxin induced hemolysis were assayed. Apparent I50 value
      of cholesterol, the most potent inhibitor amoung them, was 0.022 muM. 2.
      Inhibitory powers of sterol acetates were not more than one tenth of those of the
      corresponding sterol, and steroids without 3-hydroxyl group hardly inhibited the
      hemolysis. These results suggest that 3-hydroxyl group of sterols plays an
      important role in the inhibition. 3. The inhibitory power of sterols were
      strongly affected by steric situation of 3-hydroxyl group for the face of their
      tetracyclic rings. From these results it is suggested that theta-toxin binds to
      beta-side of the tetracyclic rings but not to alpha-side. 4. A methylsterol and
      pentacyclic triterpens with 3-hydroxyl group also inhibited the hemolysis, but
      steroids and their related compounds either with a hydrophylic or without a
      hydrophobic group at their ring D had little, if any, inhibitory power.

PMID- 180314
TI  - Cell lines established from (BALB/cx DBA/2)F1 mice which show parent type
      susceptibility to murine leukemia viruses.
AB  - The susceptibility to two tissue culture cell lines established from (BALB/cx
      DBA/2)F1 (CDF1) mice to murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) was compared with those of
      various cell lines. While embryo cells of CDF1 mice were resistant to both N- and
      B- tropic MLVs, one cell line was susceptible to N-tropic MLV and the other to B
      tropic MLV. So the cell lines of CDF1 mice had not the same susceptibility to
      MLVs as CDF1 embryo cells had. Cell lines established from N- and B-type inbred
      mice had kept their original susceptibility to MLVs. These results suggested the
      phenotype of some F1 hybrid mouse cells tended to change into either parental
      type after establishment as cell lines.

PMID- 180315
TI  - Elevated levels of IgE antibodies to ascaris and mite antigens in Papua New
      Guinea.
AB  - Levels of IgE as well as specific IgE antibodies to ascaris and mite have been
      studied in two groups in Papua New Guinea (PNG), patients with primary liver
      carcinoma (PLC) and normal blood donors, and in two groups in Japan, normal
      subjects and asthmatic patients. A radioallergosorbent test was used to measure
      IgE antibodies to ascaris and mite antigens. Much higher levels of IgE were found
      in the Papua New Guinean subjects than the normal Japanese subjects. Also levels
      of IgE antibodies to ascaris were much higher in Papua New Guineans than in the
      Japanese subjects. Though similar results were observed in IgE antibodies to
      mite, difference between normal Papua New Guineans and normal Japanese was small,
      whereas difference between the patients with PLC in PNG and the normal Japanese
      subjects was very large. Highest levels of IgE antibodies to mite were detected
      in Japanese with asthma. No correlations were observed among IgE levels, levels
      of IgE antibodies to ascaris and levels of IgE antibodies to mite. It is
      concluded that both ascaris and mite IgE antibodies contribute the very high
      levels of IgE seen in Papua New Guineans, but many other factors may be
      operative.

PMID- 180316
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin B and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on intraleukocytic
      bactericidal activity.
AB  - Cytochalasin B (CB) is known to regulate the movement of intracellular
      microfilaments system. In this experiment, the effect of CB on the
      intraleukocytic bactericidal activity was first studied and concluded that CB
      inhibited the intracellular bactericidal activity remarkably. Addition of CB
      resulted in increased nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-dye reduction, while the
      specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and reduced
      nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase of CB-treated
      neutrophils exhibited within the normal range. But the uptake of Glucose-1-14C or
      -6-14C was markedly inhibited by CB treatment. However, the following substances
      inhibited NBT-dye reduction in decreasing order: cyclic adenosine 3', 5'
      monophosphate (cAMP), N6-O2' dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate
      (DBcAMP), prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). These
      drugs also decreased hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) enzyme activities. Addition
      of CB and DBcAMP decreased the intracellular bactericidal activity of
      neutrophils. But CB had no effect on intracellular levels of cAMP. From the
      results obtained, it is likely that intracellular bactericidal phenomena of human
      neutrophils are controlled by cyclic AMP cascades and by the microfilaments
      system, separately.

PMID- 180317
TI  - Study on sialic acid-containing glycolipid in rat ascites hepatoma cells.

PMID- 180318
TI  - Absence of correlation between an attenuated strain of type 1 herpes simplex
      virus and tumors produced in neonatally infected mice.

PMID- 180319
TI  - Japanese encephalitis surveillance in China (Province of Taiwan) during 1968
      1971. I. Geographical and seasonal features of case outbreaks.
AB  - During 1968-1971 Japanese encephalitis (JE) surveillance was conducted with WHO
      assisted programs in Taiwan area. Emphasis was placed on: (1) active case-finding
      by hospital visits; (2) blood collection from every patient at the suitable time;
      and (3) the enforcement of standard diagnostic criteria on the results of
      hemagglutination-inhibition tests. Each year, approximately 90% of reported
      patients were etiologically examined. JE virus etiology was established in 277
      (1968), 279 (1969), 269 (1970) and 158 (1971) cases. Despite the apparent
      concentration of cases in several cities, practically all the cultivated plains
      and basins were established as potentially endemic for JE. JE outbreak is found
      to have been clearly associated with season, not only in subtropical but also in
      tropical Taiwan. Each year it occurred consistently in mid-July in the
      southernmost county, 2-3 weeks after the peak of rice transplantation and its
      duration was a few weeks. On the western side of the island, although less
      consistently, JE outbreak seems to occur one to three weeks later than in the
      south. Outbreak in eastern Taiwan was a mid-September phenomenon for 3 years.
      Observed seasonal lag, which was significant between two neighboring localities
      on same latitude, suggests that paddy water management is more directly related
      to date of outbreak than local climate. Seasonal characteristics further suggests
      that the area may be separated into eight ecologic subdivisions. JE-virus
      transmission to a man during April at temperatures below the average of 20 C was
      discussed.

PMID- 180320
TI  - Japanese encephalitis surveillance in China (Province of Taiwan) during 1968
      1971. II. Age-secific incidence in connection with Japanese encephalitis
      vaccination program.
AB  - A baseline age/morbidity pattern for Japanese encephalitis (JE) epidemic in China
      (Province of Taiwan) in the 1960s was sought in JE surveillance. The pattern is
      characterized by: (1) high incidence in age groups 2-4 years, (2) moderately high
      incidence in age groups 5-7 years, (3) negligible incidence in children under 1
      year of age as well as in adults, and (4) the variability of relative height of
      peak incidence co-incident with the JE-epidemic size in situ. Concurrently with
      surveillance, a JE-vaccination program was implemented by the Government. The
      children of target age groups received two doses of vaccine each during April.
      Vigilant supervision was given to the campaign to achieve a high coverage rate
      with two-dose vaccination and meticulous record-keeping. During 1969-1972, 2-year
      olds were the exclusive target; 52.2% (1969), 71.5% (1970), 74.5% (1971), and
      83.0% (1972) of the target age group were covered. A considerable change from the
      baseline age/morbidity pattern seen in 1968 occurred during the above period. The
      comparison of epidemicity-adjusted incidence by year indications that incidence
      reduction in the 2- and 3-year old children in 1971 were substantial and suggests
      the possible impact of vaccination. The total JE incidence for the period 1968
      1971 appears to be much lower in vaccinated population (23 reported and 8
      confirmed/0.9 million) than in unvaccinated population (1,330 reported and 679
      confirmed/2.2 million).

PMID- 180321
TI  - Proceedings: Comparison between histamine-sensitizing factor of Bordetella
      pertussis and bacterial endotoxin in respect to histamine-sensitizing activity.

PMID- 180322
TI  - Effects of various agents on synaptosomal adenylate cyclase activity in the
      absence and presence of the boiled supernatant.
AB  - A study was made of the effects of various agents on adenylate cyclase in
      synaptosomes in both the absence and presence of the boiled supernatant from rat
      cerebral cortex. The activity of adenylate cyclase in these preparations was
      inhibited by the sulfhydryl reactive agent p-chloromercuribenzoate. Sulfhydryl
      compounds such cysteine, glutathione and Coenzyme A stimulated the enzymic
      activity in both the absence and presence of the boiled supernatant. The
      chelating agent 1.2-bis-(2-dicarboxymethylaminoethoxy)ethane caused a stimulation
      of the enzymic activity with and without the presence of the boiled supernatant.
      Adenine nucleotide (adenine, adenosine, AMP and ADP), GTP, Pi and carbamylcholine
      seemed to have little effect. The stimulatory substance in the boiled supernatant
      was estimated to have a molecular weight in the range of 1,000-1,300.

PMID- 180323
TI  - Pre- and post-synaptic origin of lithium-induced acute blockade on adrenergic
      transmission in rabbit heart.

PMID- 180324
TI  - [Preparation and utilization of health records for premature infants following
      discharge from the hospital].

PMID- 180325
TI  - [Recurrence of Wilms' tumor in a child].

PMID- 180326
TI  - Natural infections of guinea-pigs.

PMID- 180327
TI  - Evolution  of the digestive microflora in a unit  of specified-pathogen-free
      mice: efficiency of the barrier.
AB  - RhoIco strain], barrier-maintained since 1970, is described. Some "contaminants"
      appeared spontaneously during the period 1971-1973, but microorganisms belonging
      to the genera Lactobacillus Streptococcus, Enterobacteria, Escherichia and
      Bacillus remained stable. The methods of investigation used were not suitable for
      the assessment of strictly anaerobic strains. The stability of the digestive
      microflora durine the last 2 years of this study is believed to be related to the
      skill and conscientiousness of the technicians responsible for the daily care of
      these mice.

PMID- 180328
TI  - Renomedullary interstitial cells in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Renomedullary interstitial cells (RIC) are known to synthesize and release
      prostaglandins which may play a significant role in the development or severity
      of hypertension. The medulla of the spontaneously hypertensive rat contains RIC
      which are morphologically very similar to those previously described in the
      normotensive rat. The granularity of the RIC, however, was increased in the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat compared to normotensive Wistars (9.6 +/- 2.34
      versus 5.3 +/- 2.05 granules per cell, respectively, p less than 0.001) or
      treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (7.2 +/- 1.65 granules per cell, p less
      than 0.001). Granule counts also increased in the presence of mild and moderate
      degrees of renal arteriolar sclerosis, but decreased in long standing
      hypertension with more severe and extensive lesions involving both arteries and
      arterioles. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the RIC respond
      to an elevation of blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rats by
      increased release of antihypertensive substances. In addition, the decrease in
      granularity of the RIC in the presence of extensive renal arteriolar and arterial
      damage suggests reduced ability to compensate for the elevated blood pressure and
      thus may contribute to the acceleration of hypertension.

PMID- 180329
TI  - Uptake of circulating iron by the duodenum of normal mice and mice with altered
      iron stores, including sex-linked anemia: high resolution radioautographic study.
AB  - Using electron microscopy radioautography, the deposition of intravenously
      administered iron in the duodenal epithelium was studied in normal mice, iron
      overloaded and iron-deficient mice, and in mice with X-linked anemia (gene symbol
      sla) 4 and 24 hours after injection of 59Fe. The resolution of radioautography
      with 59Fe was determined with a line source and the distance from the hot line
      within which half of the grains fell (HD value) was 1650 A. In normal, iron
      overloaded, and sla mice, radioiron was localized in the undifferentiated crypt
      cells at 4 hours and in the absorptive cells of the luminal half of the villi, at
      24 hours. At both times, the vast majority of the grains was seen over the areas
      rich in free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum. In iron-deficient mice,
      grains were not found at either time. The amount of iron incorporated in the
      crypt cells was related to the size of the body iron stores. It is postulated
      that the amount of iron incorporated in the crypt cells is the result of
      interaction between uptake and return to the blood of the circulating iron. Once
      the crypt cells have differentiated into absorptive cells, the uptake and
      recirculation of iron from and to the blood would cease, leaving an amount of
      "message" iron which determines the absorptive cell's subsequent capacity for
      iron transfer to the plasma. In sla mice, in spite of tissue iron deficiency, the
      amount of iron deposited was similar to that of normal mice and markedly
      increased after treatment of the anemia. The accumulation of iron in the crypt
      cells may result from the decreased return to the blood of the incorporated
      circulating iron, due to the postulated deficient iron carrier mechanism in sla,
      or may be a consequence of increased avidity of the absorptive cells for
      circulating iron. In either event, the result would be that the absorptive cell
      receives an inappropriate message with resulting inappropriate absorption of
      iron.

PMID- 180330
TI  - Hyperinsulinism in the dog due to pancreatic islet-cell tumour: a report on three
      cases.

PMID- 180331
TI  - Failure of nicotinamide in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 180333
TI  - Membrane bound 3beta and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and its role in
      steroid transport in membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas testosteroni.

PMID- 180332
TI  - Further studies on the regulation of cultured rabbit endometrial cells by
      diethylstilbestrol and progesterone.

PMID- 180334
TI  - The transformation of testosterone by Tetrahymena pyriformis.

PMID- 180335
TI  - Chromatographic and other properties of the estrogen receptors from human
      myometrium.

PMID- 180336
TI  - Plasma testosterone and serum lipids in male survivors of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 180337
TI  - Effect of adrenocorticotrophic hormone on the in vivo output of adenosine 3'5'
      cyclic monophosphate and corticosteroids by the sheep adrenal gland.

PMID- 180338
TI  - Comparison of the binding of [2,4,6,7-3H] estradiol-17beta [e23h] to the immature
      rat uterus under in vivo, in vitro and "cell-free" conditions--I. Some
      characteristics of the cytoplasmic estradiol-receptor complex.

PMID- 180340
TI  - Aldosterone induced changes in RNA synthesis in rat intestine.

PMID- 180339
TI  - Comparison of the binding of [2,4,6,7-3H] estradiol-17beta [E23H] to the immature
      rat uterus under in vivo, in vitro and "cell-free" conditions--II. Nuclear
      binding.

PMID- 180341
TI  - The role of the androgen-binding nonhistone proteins in the transcription of
      prostatic chromatin.

PMID- 180342
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin E2 on adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate accumulation and
      progesterone synthesis in human corpora lutea in vitro.

PMID- 180343
TI  - Steroids and the practical aspects of performing binding studies.

PMID- 180344
TI  - Androgen binding in rat uterus cytosol. Study of the specificity.

PMID- 180345
TI  - Progesterone-binding properties of microsomes from rat liver.

PMID- 180346
TI  - Hydroxylapatite "batch" assay for estrogen receptors: increased sensitivity over
      present receptor assays.

PMID- 180347
TI  - Modulation of estrogen receptors in four different target tissues: differential
      effects of estrogen vs progesterone.

PMID- 180348
TI  - 16alpha, 18-Dihydroxydeoxycorticosterone and the binding of aldosterone to
      mineralocorticoid receptors in kidney of adrenalectomized rats.

PMID- 180349
TI  - Autoradiography of mammary glands and uteri of mice after the injection of [3H]
      estradiol.

PMID- 180350
TI  - Effect of salt on reversibility of glucocorticoid receptor binding.

PMID- 180351
TI  - Production of testosterone and corticosteroids by the rat adrenal gland incubated
      in vitro and the effects of stimulation with ACTH, LH and FSH.

PMID- 180353
TI  - The existance of a group translocation transport mechanism in animal cells:
      uptake of the ribose moiety of inosine.
AB  - After exposure to inosine, transport-competent plasma membrane vesicles isolated
      from SV-40-transformed Bal/c 3T3 cells accumulate intravesicular ribose 1-PO4 at
      a concentration 200-fold greater than the extravesicular concentration. An
      analysis of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity distribution in various
      subcellular fractions, relative to other enzyme activities, indicated the
      presence of plasma membrane-associated purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity.
      The plasma membrane vesicles appear relatively impermeable to hypoxanthine.
      However, hypoxanthine, which is a competitive inhibitor of the transport
      reaction, is the only compound tested capable of mediating efflux of already
      accumulated ribose 1-PO4. In addition, hypoxanthine does not result in the efflux
      of transported uridine which is accumulated in these membrane vesicles as
      uridine. Exogenous ribose 1-PO4 neither results in counterflow nor does it
      inhibit the original uptake reaction. The following transport reaction is
      proposed: uptake occurs by group translocation, mediated by membrane-localized
      purine nucleoside phosphorylase. The data are consistent with sites for inosine
      and hypoxanthine being on the outer membrane surface whereas the ribose 1-PO4
      site is only on the inner surface.

PMID- 180352
TI  - Binding of the estradiol receptor to hen oviduct nuclei and chromatin.

PMID- 180354
TI  - Transport of amino acids in intact 3T3 and SV3T3 cells. Binding activity for
      leucine in membrane preparations of ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - Transport of amino acids into 3T3 and SV3T3 (SV40 virus-transformed 3T3) cells
      was measured on glass cover slips. The 3T3 and SV3T3 cells contain both A
      (alanine preferring) and L (leucine prefferring) systems for neutral amino acid
      transport. Initial rates of uptake of amino acids are about twofold higher in
      SV3T3 than in 3T3 cells. Other parameters measured, however, do not indicate
      marked differences in the transport of amino acids by the two cell types. L
      system amino acids, such as leucine, are subject to trans-stimulation in both
      cell lines, whereas A-system amino acids, such as alanine and glycine, are not.
      Leucine was transported to higher levels in confluent cells than in nonconfluent
      cells. Glycine, however, shows distinctly less transport activity as the cells
      become confluent. Ehrlich ascites cell plasma membranes were prepared and assayed
      for amino acid-binding activity. Leucine-binding activity was detected by
      equilibrium dialysis in Triton X-100-treated membrane preparations.

PMID- 180355
TI  - Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on activity of liver plasma membrane
      enzymes in the rat.
AB  - Liver plasma membranes (LPM) were isolated from rats fed an essential fatty acid
      supplemented diet (+EFA) or from rats fed an essential fatty acid-deficient diet
      (-EFA). The proportions of linoleate and arachidonate in membrane total fatty
      acids in the -EFA preparations were one-half or less than the values for the +EFA
      preparations. Basal, F-, or glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were
      significantly lower in EFA-deficient livers than in nondeficient ones. Addition
      of GTP significantly enhanced glucagon-stimulated adrenylate cyclase in both
      groups, but extent of stimulation above basal was greater in EFA-deficient
      livers. Portal vein injection of glucagon in vivo resulted in significantly
      higher cAMP formation in +EFA livers than in -EFA livers. When glucagon was used
      in vitro at 1-1,000 nM, stimulation of adenylate cyclase remained lower in EFA
      deficient membranes, but extent of stimulation above basal activity was larger in
      -EFA membranes than in +EFA. Total Na+, K+ (Mg2+)-ATPase from EFA-depleted LPM
      exhibited significantly higher values of apparent Km and Vmax-5'-Nucleotidase
      activity, in contrast, was considerably decreased in EFA-deficient rats. These
      findings show that, in animals, changes in unsaturated fatty acid composition can
      affect the properties of membrane-bound enzymes. These alterations could be due
      to changes in membrane physical properties and/or prostaglandin formation.

PMID- 180356
TI  - Avian tumor virus interactions with chicken fibroblast plasma membranes.
AB  - A method is described which will rapidly measure the binding of avian tumor
      viruses (ATV) to plasma membrane receptors. With this procedure it may be shown
      that Rous sarcoma virus pseudotypes bind to protease-labile, heat-stable
      structures on the surface of chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) plasma membranes.
      The binding sites for ATV subgroups A and B appear distinct, and membranes from
      genetically resistant CEF bind as well those of sensitive CEF.

PMID- 180357
TI  - Vulvar disease.

PMID- 180358
TI  - Insulinoma: clinical and diagnostic features of 60 consecutive cases.
AB  - Insulinoma is a rare tumor, occurring more often in women and in the older age
      range. Eighty percent of patients have a single benign tumor, usually less than
      or equal to 2 cm in diameter, located with about equal frequency in body, head,
      or tail of the pancreas and amenable to surgical cure. About 10% have multiple
      tumors; in this group there is a high incidence of multiple endocrine neoplasia
      type I syndrome. The remaining 10% of patients have metastatic malignant
      insulinoma. Symptoms are intermittent, recur at irregular intervals in the food
      deprived state over a median of 1 1/2 years, and arise from varying degrees of
      neuroglycopenia. Symptoms often lead to misdiagnosis as a neurologic or
      psychiatric disorder. Transient neurologic deficits and EEG abnormalities can be
      observed during hypoglycemia. Diagnosis requires repeated demonstration of
      hypoglycemia (glucose less than or equal to 40 mg/dl) during spontaneous or
      provoked symptoms, relief with ingestion of carbohydrates, simultaneous
      hyperinsulinemia (serum insulin greater than 6 muU/ml), and absence of insulin
      antibodies. A useful diagnostic adjunct is the intravenous tolbutamide test, for
      which new diagnostic criteria are presented.

PMID- 180359
TI  - Ultrastructure of platelet aggregation in refractory anemia and myelomonocytic
      leukemia. II. Individual platelet abnormalities: thrombasthenia-like platelets,
      surface defects, and dissociation phenomena.
AB  - Studies of in vitro platelet aggregation were done in five patients with
      refractory anemia and two with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. The macroscopic
      results as well as the general ultrastructural findings were reviewed in a
      companion paper. Electron microscopic analysis of changes in the individual
      platelets within aggregates revealed a striking heterogeneity, both in the degree
      of response of each platelet are in the ultrastructural characteristics of the
      platelet population. Many of the unaggregated platelets had reacted individually,
      resembling the platelets of patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. There were
      other abnormalities suggesting the presence of surface defects, such as the
      presence of areas of obliteration of the interplatelet space (so-called tight
      connections). One of the most striking findings was a peculiar dissociation
      between the different components of the aggregation sequence.

PMID- 180360
TI  - Effects of electrical stimulation and norepinephrine on cyclic-AMP levels in the
      cerebral cortex of the aging rat.
AB  - One to 24 month old rats were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, their cerebral
      cortices exposed surgically and subjected in vivo to stimulation by
      norepinephrine (1.0mM for 5 minutes) or electrical pulses (100 pulses/s for 10
      s). After microwave fixation, cortical samples were analyzed for cyclic-AMP by
      the Gilman method. In similarly prepared but unstimulated control animals, cyclic
      AMP levels were found to be three to four-fold lower in older than in younger
      rats, a pattern previously reported for unanesthetized rats. Both norepinephrine
      and electrical pulses led to cyclic AMP increases. With increasing age the cyclic
      AMP levels attained under both stimulus conditions declined, with the levels
      achieved in the two cases becoming increasingly divergent.

PMID- 180362
TI  - [Nerve function disorders among persons who have worked with vibrating tools].

PMID- 180361
TI  - A morphometric and cytochemical analysis of aging changes in the flight muscle of
      Nasonia vitripennis (Walk) (Hymenoptera, pteromalidae).
AB  - A morphometric and cytochemical analysis was carried out on the effect of age and
      diet on the flight muscles of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk). A significant decline
      in mitochondrial volume with age is revealed in pupae-fed insects, but this is
      not recorded in sucrose-fed insects. There is also a significant decline in the
      activity of cytochrome oxidase in sucrose-fed, but not in pupae-fed, insects. It
      is concluded that the sucrose diet caused a delay in the ultrastructural
      deterioration of the flight muscles.

PMID- 180363
TI  - A comparison of therapeutic modalities of glomus tumors in the temporal bone.
AB  - Seventy-seven patients with glomus tumors involving the temporal bone were
      treated by surgery, irradiation, and combined therapy. The therapeutic success
      rate for the surgery group was 91 percent for glomus tympanicum and 78 percent
      for glomus jugulare tumors. The success rate for radiation therapy was 30% in
      glomus jugulare tumors. Patients with extensive lesions treated by combined
      therapy had a therapeutic success rate of 60 percent. The clinical response of
      glomus jugulare tumors to radiation therapy was 65 percent. Surgery appears to be
      the best method for eradication of the tumors; however, with large extensive
      lesions, combined therapy offers a better prognosis than either modality alone.

PMID- 180364
TI  - Tonsillectomy and infectious mononucleosis--a possible relationship.
AB  - A review of 1,192 student medical records shows a prior history of tonsillectomy
      in 41 percent of a control group and 22 percent of an infectious mononucleosis
      group--a significant difference (p less than 0.01). Nine hundred eighty-nine
      Stanford University students (421 females, 568 males) who visited Cowell Student
      Health Center between April and September, 1973, comprise the control group. Two
      hundred three students with positive monospot tests and clinical mononucleosis
      diagnosed between June, 1968, and May, 1973, comprise the experimental group. The
      lower incidence of tonsillectomy in the infectious mononucleosis group implies
      that the tonsillar lymphoid tissue serves as a reservoir and possible replicating
      milieu for the Epstein-Barr virus. Prior tonsillectomy may reduce the possibility
      of contracting infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 180365
TI  - [Current concepts of intestinal fat absorption(author's transl)].
AB  - Some details of the general physiology of intestinal fat absorption are discussed
      taking triglyceride absorption as an example. Special emphasis is placed upon the
      role of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) just recently discovered and upon
      the role of apoproteins for lipid transport from the epithelial cells to the
      intestinal lymph. On basis of own experimental results the hypothesis is put
      forward, that a small part of the intestinal energy requirement during fat
      absorption may be provided by intestinal oxydation of plasma free fatty acids.

PMID- 180366
TI  - [Study of central nervous system fixation of H3 glucocorticoids in rats].

PMID- 180367
TI  - Recent advances in myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 180368
TI  - Increased adenylosuccinase activity in hepatomas and kidney tumors.

PMID- 180369
TI  - Effect of neonatally injected ACTH and ACTH analogues on eye-opening of the rat.

PMID- 180370
TI  - Angiotensin i-converting enzyme in the nephron.

PMID- 180371
TI  - Comparison in male and female rats of ACTH content and response to corticotrophin
      releasing factor (CRF) of cultured adenohypophyseal cells and in vivo
      hypothalamic CRF content.

PMID- 180372
TI  - Behavioral and biochemical responses of mice to the intraventricular
      administration of ACTH analogs and lysine vasopressin.

PMID- 180373
TI  - Effect of alimentation on human serum squalene levels.
AB  - Five subjects consumed a meal containing ca. 1.5 mg squalene. Postprandial serum
      samples showed that in three of the subjects squalene and lipid levels reached
      maxima at 3 hr. Squalene levels in the low density lipoproteins of these subjects
      also increased. The results indicate that alimentation is a major factor in the
      variation in serum squalene levels.

PMID- 180374
TI  - Glycosphingolipids of human plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 180375
TI  - [Hormone therapy of breast cancer].

PMID- 180376
TI  - [Current viewpoints in the clinical diagnosis of insulinomas].

PMID- 180377
TI  - [Clinical picture and pathobiochemistry of postural hypotension].

PMID- 180378
TI  - [Diagnostic problems in Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy].

PMID- 180379
TI  - [Localization diagnosis of insulinoma by hormone determination in the splanchic
      area by percutaneous transhepatic blood collection].

PMID- 180381
TI  - Murine leukemogenic effect of smaller than conventional C type particles.

PMID- 180382
TI  - [Protection of the guinea pig against Argentinian hemorrhagic fever by
      inoculation with Tacaribe group viruses].

PMID- 180380
TI  - [Subclinical infection, clinical infection and vaccination with Junin virus].

PMID- 180383
TI  - [Oxidative phosphorylation capacity of Rhodopseudomonas palustris during growth
      in light and darkness].
AB  - Assimilation of oxygen by the cells of Rhodopseudomonas palustris grown in the
      light and in the darkness is stimulated by p
      chlorocarbonylcyanidephanylhydrazone, suggesting respiration coupled to
      phosphorylatin. Membranes of the cells grown in the light are capable of
      oxidative phosphorylation in the course of electron transport from NADH and
      succinate to O2 with P/O being 0.03 and 0.20, respectively. Membranes of the
      cells grown in the darkness in aerobic conditions are capable of oxidative
      phosphorylation in the presence of NADH, succinate and ascorbate +
      phenazinemetasulphate with P/O being 0.25, 0.40 and 0.06, respectively.
      Phosphorylation during oxidation of ascorbate + phenazinemetasulphate in the
      cells grown in the darkness suggests that the third point of coupling has
      appeared as a result of synthesis of cytochrome a. There are only minor
      differences in phosphorylation in the membranes of the cells grown in the light
      and in the darkness, as was shown by its susceptibility to p
      chlorocarbonylcyanidephenyl-hydrazone, oligomycin, antimycin A and cyanide.

PMID- 180384
TI  - [Bacterial decomposition of ammonium perchlorate].

PMID- 180385
TI  - [Inhibitory analysis of the respiration of bacteroids from the nodules of yellow
      lupine].
AB  - Oxygen uptake and reduction of C2H2 by bacteroids was found to be inhibited by
      low concentrations of cyanide and azide. However, oxygen uptake was not
      completely suppressed even by 10(-3) M KCN. Cyanide-resistant respiration was not
      inhibited by salicyl-hydroxamic acid, and seemed to be accomplished at the
      account of autoxidable flavo-proteins. A small light-reversible inhibition of
      respiration by carbon monoxide was found only in the bacteroids with a high rate
      of nitrogen fixation. Rotenone, antimycin A, and tenoyltrifluoroacetone inhibited
      oxygen uptake and methylene reduction. Nitrogen fixation, but not respiration,
      was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol. An electron-transport chain coupled with
      phosphorylation is supposed to be built into the membranes of the bacteroids. The
      activity of peroxidase and cytochrome peroxidase was demonstrated in the
      bacteroids.

PMID- 180386
TI  - [The effect of orthophosphate on extracellular phosphorylase biosynthesis by
      Penicillium brevi-compactum].

PMID- 180387
TI  - [Polyphosphate biosynthesis in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores].
AB  - The chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum were found to synthesize in the light
      not only ATP and pyrophosphate but also high molecular weight polyphosphates.
      Biosynthesis of all studied compounds was inhibited by antimycin A, an inhibitor
      of the electron-transport photosynthetic chain. Synthesis of high molecular
      weight polyphosphates is stimulated, while that of pyrophosphate is inhibited, in
      the conditions providing intensive synthesis of ATP (in the presence of ADP and
      in the absence of oligomycin). The results obtained suggest that biosynthesis of
      high molecular weight polyphosphates is related to photosynthetic
      phosphorylation, via ATP but not pyrophosphate.

PMID- 180392
TI  - [Letter: Treatment using vitamin D 2 or D 3 7?].

PMID- 180391
TI  - [Viral and hormonal induction of tumors. The problems of molecular biology in
      gynecologic examples].

PMID- 180389
TI  - [Standardization of viral hemagglutination inhibition tests].

PMID- 180388
TI  - [High incidence of infectious canine hepatitis antibodies in the Turkish
      population and its relation to Au antigen].

PMID- 180393
TI  - Clinical studies of 5-fluorouracil + premarin in the treatment of breast cancer.
AB  - Sixty patients with metastatic or primary inoperable breast cancer not suitable
      for hormone alteration therapy were blindly randomized between weekly 5
      fluorouracil, intravenously, and daily physiologic doses of conjugated estrogens
      by mouth against weekly 5-fluorouracil, intravenously, and placebo. There was no
      difference in the survival or the effect on the tumor in the two groups. Numerous
      factors were analyzed as to their effect on the course of the disease. The number
      of organ sites of tumor involvement, age of the host, and previous treatment for
      the disseminated disease were not shown to influence the survival or the results
      of therapy of either group. However, the duration of the clinical cancer-free
      period from primary treatment to recurrence, the sites of organ involvement, and
      the performance status of the patients at the time of entry into the study
      significantly did influence the survival. There is no evidence in this study that
      physiologic doses of conjugated estrogens deleteriously influenced the course of
      the disease.

PMID- 180390
TI  - DNA polymerase I revisited.

PMID- 180394
TI  - [A case of bilateral Wilms tumor].

PMID- 180395
TI  - Cell density and receptor-adenylate cyclase relationships in the C-6 astrocytoma
      cell.

PMID- 180396
TI  - Heavy metals and adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate metabolism: possible
      relevance to heavy metal toxicity.

PMID- 180397
TI  - An integrated and comparative study of the antiviral effects and other biological
      properties of the polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid duplex and its mismatched
      analogues. III. Chronic effects and immunological features.

PMID- 180398
TI  - [Separate determination of the characteristic correlation time of spin-labeled
      proteins and thier conjugated labels].

PMID- 180399
TI  - [A study of the Brownian movement of alpha-chymotrypsin molecules by the spin
      probe method].
AB  - The rotation of alpha-chymotripsin in water solution is studied by use of
      nitroxyl radical, which is adsorbed by the alpha-chymotrypsin. It has been shown
      that under the conditions used the probe is fixed on the rotating diffusive
      protein monomer. Theoretical calculations of possible rotation correlation times
      for alpha-chymotripsin molecule were performed taking into account hydration and
      non-spherical shape. Experimental data obtained are in good agreement with
      theoretical values.

PMID- 180400
TI  - [Formation of a complex between carbon monoxide and cytochrome C].
AB  - The conditions of structural modifications of horse heart cytochrome c (pH, salt
      concentration) have been studied. Under these conditions the rate of
      carboxycytochrome c formation greatly increases in the course of the reduction
      process as compared to this rate after cytochrome c reduction and relaxation to
      the equilibrium state. According to these results the reduced intermediate which
      appears in the course of reduction has a high affinity for the carbon monoxide.
      It has been shown that the reduced low-spin cytochrome c practically does not
      take part in the process of dynamic conformational equilibrium with other
      cytochrome c forms existing in equilibrium mixture of oxidized and reduced
      cytochrome c.

PMID- 180401
TI  - [Vitamin-D-resistant rickets: results of 12 months combined vitamin D and
      phosphate therapy].

PMID- 180403
TI  - [A new variant of child behavior deviation in psychosomatic diseases].

PMID- 180402
TI  - [Polyradiculoneuritis with highly increased catecholamine excretion in
      cytomegalic virus infection].

PMID- 180404
TI  - A technique for hepatic resection in infants.

PMID- 180405
TI  - [The combined treatment of bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - A preliminary assessment of a chemotherapeutic study is presented. The
      polychemotherapy was given as a high dosage intermittent stosstherapy with 3
      infusions at intervals of a week for 3 years. The group of randomized controls
      included 126 patients who were classified according to the stage classification
      of the TNM system and Feinstein's system, which takes into account the clinical
      symptoms. Comparison of the death rates with the controls shows a distinct
      advantage in favor of the patients treated chemotherapeutically in all TNM
      classes.

PMID- 180407
TI  - [Virologic longitudinal study in chronic respiratory tract diseases. II.
      Isolation of viruses].

PMID- 180406
TI  - [Congenital enzyme deficiency in carbohydrate metabolism. Its significance for
      clinical pediatrics and human biochemical genetics (author's transl)].
AB  - A review of the enzyme deficiencies of carbohydrate metabolism known at the
      present time is given. Through prominent clinical symptoms and consideration of
      food as a pathological agent, it is possible to suspect the various diseases
      before the results of the biochemical determinations are available. On account of
      the sometimes striking course, therapy can consequently be started at the
      earliest possible moment.

PMID- 180408
TI  - Elevated plasma proglucagon-like component with a glucagon-secreting tumor.
      Effect of streptozotocin.
AB  - To determine the character of the glucagon secretion and its modification by
      streptozotocin, were studied the plasma of a patient with recurrent pancreatic
      alpha-cell carcinoma. The plasma immunoreactive glucagon level before treatment
      of 4.80 ng per milliliter. Biogel column separation of the plasma immunoreactive
      glucagon revealed four components; the predominant component had a molecular
      weight of 9000 daltons and was designated as proglucagon-like. This fraction
      constituted 60 to 90 per cent of the total circulating immunoreactive glucagon,
      and had a biologic activity of 32 percent of that of an immunoequivalent amount
      of normal (porcine) pancreatic glucagon. After treatment with streptozocin (1.5 g
      per square meter) the plasma immunoreactive glucagon level decreased to 0.24 ng
      per milliliter. Treatment was accompanied by a marked reduction in the
      proglucagon-like component and the appearance of pancreatic glucagon (molecular
      weight of 3500 daltons) as the major post-therapy fraction. These findings
      support the use of streptozotocin in the management of unresectable glucagon
      secreting tumors.

PMID- 180410
TI  - Electrophoretic analyses of proteins, peroxidases, and phosphatases of single and
      mated cultures of Arthroderma benhamiae.

PMID- 180409
TI  - Menopausal estrogens and breast cancer.
AB  - 1891 women given conjugated estrogens for the menopause were followed for 12
      years (mean) for incidence of breast cancer. Overall, 49 cases were observed;
      39.1 were expected on the basis of rates in the general population (relative risk
      = 1.3, P = 0.06). The relative risk increased with follow-up duration,
      progressing to 2.0 after 15 years (13/6.6, P = 0.01). The excess risk after 10
      years was not due simply to prolonged estrogen use, since there was no clear dose
      response relation to accumulated years of use. However, higher risk accrued to
      women using higher-dose tablets and those taking the medication on an other than
      daily basis. In addition, after 10 years of follow-up observation, two factors
      related to low risk of breast cancer, multiparity and oophorectomy, were no
      longer so related. Finally, estrogen use was related to an especially high risk
      of breast cancer among women in whom benign disease developed after they had
      started the drug.

PMID- 180412
TI  - Psychoactive drug effects on a system which generates cyclic AMP in brain.

PMID- 180411
TI  - Diminished content of plasma membrane-associated myosin in transformed
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 180413
TI  - Strontium-calcium substitution in synaptic transmission in turtle retina.

PMID- 180414
TI  - Postexposure serum prophylaxis of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection of
      mice.

PMID- 180415
TI  - Correlation between biological potency and biodegradation of a somatostatin
      analogue.

PMID- 180416
TI  - Chemical mutagen hypersensitivity in ataxia telangiectasia.

PMID- 180417
TI  - Independence of beta-adrenergic and thyrotropin receptors linked to adenylate
      cyclase in the thyroid.

PMID- 180418
TI  - Different distribution pattern of 100-A filaments in resting and locomotive
      leukaemia cells.

PMID- 180419
TI  - Immunological cross reactivity of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus with type C RNA
      viruses endogenous to primates.

PMID- 180420
TI  - Selective cytotoxicity for transformed 3T3 cells.

PMID- 180421
TI  - Release and synthesis of prolactin by rat pituitary cell strains are regulated
      independently by thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

PMID- 180422
TI  - Immunofluorescence labeling of gonadotropin receptors in enzyme-dispersed
      interstitial cells.

PMID- 180423
TI  - Frequency dependence of cyclic AMP in mammalian myocardium.

PMID- 180424
TI  - Proposed structure for brain adenylate cyclase purified using blue dextran
      Sepharose chromatography.

PMID- 180425
TI  - Translation in vitro of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA lacking 5'-terminal 7
      methylguanosine.
AB  - The 5'-terminus 7-methylguanosine of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA is not
      essential for translation of the mRNA. The 7-methylguanosine seems to have a
      mediating rather than an obligatory role in ribosome binding by the mRNA and in
      mRNA translation.

PMID- 180426
TI  - Microvilli and cell swelling.

PMID- 180427
TI  - Chromosomal proteins regulate steroid binding to chromatin.

PMID- 180428
TI  - Transformation of the beta2 adrenoceptor in normal rat liver into a beta1 type in
      Zajdela hepatoma.

PMID- 180429
TI  - Effect of restriction endonucleases on infectivity of Rous sarcoma virus DNA.

PMID- 180430
TI  - Relationship between receptor and mammary tumour virus production after
      stimulation by glucocorticoid.
AB  - A short exposure of primary cultures of mouse mammary tumour cells to
      glucocorticoids results in at least a three-fold stimulation of mammary tumour
      virus (MTV) production. Specific interaction of glucocorticoids with the
      cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors can also be demonstrated. The biological
      potency of various steroids to stimulate MTV is related directly to the retention
      of the steroid-receptor complex in the nuclei. Progesterone has a high affinity
      for the cytoplasmic receptor, is not retained by the nuclei and does not
      stimulate or block the basal level of MTV production. It is, however, quite
      effective in abolishing the glucocorticoid-mediated stimulation of MTV and thus
      behaves as an antagonist of glucocorticoid.

PMID- 180431
TI  - Determination of cell shape by a cell surface protein component.

PMID- 180432
TI  - Periodate-induced increase in cyclic GMP in mouse and guinea pig splenic cells in
      association with mitogenesis.

PMID- 180433
TI  - Initiation sites of Rous sarcoma virus RNA-directed DNA synthesis in vitro.
AB  - Rous sarcoma virus DNA synthesis in disrupted virions is initiated mainly at a
      site about 200 nucleotides or less from the 5' terminus, but other initiation
      sites throughtout the RNA seem to be used as well. No AUG triplet occurs within a
      5' terminal segment of about 25 nucleotides.

PMID- 180434
TI  - Proviral sequences of baboon endogenous type C RNA virus in DNA of human
      leukaemic tissues.
AB  - Hybridisation of RNA from a baboon endogenous type C RNA virus to DNA from
      tissues of leukaemic patients indicates that a virus of this type is horizontally
      transmitted among humans. DNA from several patients with leukaemia hybridised 70%
      of the hybridisable RNA from baboon endogenous type C RNA virus (BaEV) and
      yielded hybrids of high tm, whereas DNA from normal human tissues hybridised only
      23% of the BaEV RNA, and the tm of these hybrids was lower.

PMID- 180435
TI  - Transmission without spikes between locust interneurones and motoneurones.

PMID- 180436
TI  - Does cyclic AMP have a role in the pathogenesis of fever in the rabbit?

PMID- 180437
TI  - Evidence of cyclic-AMP uptake into plant cells.

PMID- 180438
TI  - [A patient with psychological changes, polyuria and muscle weakness].

PMID- 180440
TI  - Stepwise transition of aggregate structure of high-molecular-weight avian
      myeloblastosis virus RNA. Mode of releasing of associated 4S RNA.
AB  - Mode of releasing of associated 4S RNA species was studied during a controlled
      transition of aggregate structure of high-molecular-weight AMV-RNA. It has been
      found that associated 4S RNA constitutes 2.5% of 60S AMV-RNA complex.
      Approximately 60% of associated 4S RNA is successively released during treatment
      of viral RNA with increasing formamide concentration, concomitantly with the
      transition of 60S RNA aggregate through 50--55S RNA intermediate into the final
      30--40S RNA subunits. 40% of 4S RNA remains associated with 30--40S RNA subunits
      prepared by formamide treatment and can be released from them by heating. A
      procedure is thus provided both for the isolation of oncornaviral RNA subunit
      structures deprived of various partions of associated 4S RNA and for the
      fractionation of 4S RNA species according to their binding affinity to the genome
      oncornaviral RNA.

PMID- 180439
TI  - [The significance of phagocytosis for cellular defense. II. Disorders in
      phagocyte function].

PMID- 180441
TI  - Influence of BCG vaccination on the primary and transplantable hamster tumors
      induced by SV40 and on the specific SV40 virus-induced antitumor immunity.
AB  - The main purpose of the study was the estimation of the effect of BCG vaccination
      and BCG in the combination with the specific immunization with SV40 on the
      incidence of primary and growth of transplantable SV40-induced tumors in Syrian
      hamsters. Different BCG vaccine preparations containing 60--100 millions of
      viable Mycobacteries per 1 mg were used. It has been demonstrated that one and
      two intradermal injections of BCG (0.25 mg per animal) during the latent period
      in Syrian hamsters inoculated with SV40 when newborn had no influence on the
      incidence of primary SV40-induced tumors. Repeated six injections of BCG during
      the latent period increased the frequency of tumors in one of two experiments.
      The subsequent was concern with investigation of the effect of BCG vaccination
      and its different combinations with specific immunization with SV40 on the growth
      of transplantable SV40-induced tumors in adult Syrian hamsters. Experimental data
      have shown that different preparations of BCG were varying in the capacity to
      increase nonspecific antitumor resistance; some preparations were
      nonimmunogeneic. Injections of a mixture of BCG and SV40 as well as BCG followed
      with SV40 14 and 20 days later did not lead to summation of effects of
      immunization, even when immunogenic preparations of BCG were used. Moreover
      inoculation of SV40 followed with BCG injection 4, 14 or 20 days later completely
      or partly declined the effect of SV40 specific immunization. Possible mechanisms
      of the negative effect of BCG on specific antitumor resistance are discussed.

PMID- 180442
TI  - Effect of nucleosides on the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in Ehrlich
      ascites carcinoma cells.
AB  - The synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in whole cells of Ehrlich ascites
      carcinoma was inhibited by adenosine and by several natural-adenosine-related
      compounds. The inhibitory effect of adenosine was more pronounced than that of
      other nucleosides tested (guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and thymidine).
      The synthetic processes examined were only moderately inhibited by adenine
      nucleotides (ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD, cyclic 3',5'-AMP and its dibutyryl derivative).
      Respiration and aerobic glycolysis were not affected significantly by the
      nucleoside tested.

PMID- 180444
TI  - Dissociation between LH release and pituitary cyclic nucleotide accumulation in
      response to synthetic LH-releasing hormone in vivo.
AB  - In order to clarify the role of cyclic nucleotides in the mediation of LH
      releasing hormone (LH-RH) action on LH release, the effect of LH-RH on LH release
      and pituitary cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP accumulation was studied in vivo.
      Pituitary cyclic AMP levels were increased 10 min after the intraveneous
      injection of 2 mg dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cyclic AMP) or 25 mg aminophylline.
      However, serum LH levels were not altered at 10, 30 or 60 min after the
      administration of either agent. Synthetic LH-RH (100 ng/rat) increased serum LH
      levels as measured 10 min after injection, but no effect on either pituitary
      cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP was seen 1, 5 or 10 min after LH-RH administration.
      These in vivo results are contradictory to the second messenger hypothesis for
      either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP in the mediation of LH-RH-induced LH released and
      suggest that further work must be done in order to confirm or reject this
      hypothesis.

PMID- 180443
TI  - Induction of estrous cycles in old non-cyclic rats by progesterone, ACTH, ether
      stress or L-dopa.
AB  - Cycling was induced in old non-cyclic, constant estrous rats by daily injections
      of progesterone, ACTH or L-dopa or by subjection to ether stress. Progesterone
      and ACTH were the most effective agents used for re-establishing estrous cycles
      in these rats. Most of the progesterone- and ACTH-treated rats showed regular
      cycles, and their ovaries had many corpora lutea; they also showed proestrous
      serum LH surges. Ether stress and L-dopa mostly induced irregular cycles and
      fewer corpora lutea in the ovaries; a smaller  number of these rats showed
      proestrous LH surges. After treatment with each of these agents was discontinued,
      most of the rats returned to constant estrus or irregular cycling.

PMID- 180445
TI  - Effects of drugs that modify brain biogenic amine concentrations on thyroid
      activation induced by exposure to cold.
AB  - L-Dihydroxphenylalanine (L-DOPA) significantly inhibited intrathyroidal colloid
      droplet formation induced by exposure to cold in the rat. Diethyldithiocarbamate
      (DDC) also inhibited colloid droplet formation in response to cold. The combined
      administration of L-DOPA and DDC produced an additive inhibition of the thyroidal
      endocytotic response to exposure to cold. Pretreatment with chlorpromazine (CPZ)
      ameliorated the inhibitory effect of L-DOPA. DL-alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha
      MT) also signficantly depressed the thyroidal response. Inhibition of colloid
      droplet formation induced by alpha-MT was not altered by the administration of DL
      dihydroxyphenylserine (DL-DOPS). On the other hand, treatment of the alpha-MT
      treated rats with L-DOPA to normalize dopamine synthesis resulted in a dramatic
      recovery from the inhibition. Blockade of serotonin biosynthesis with p
      chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) failed to produce a significant inhibition of colloid
      droplet formation. However, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) markedly inhibited the
      thyroidal response to cold. Brocresine phosphate (BP) was another inhibitor of
      the thyroidal endocytotic response to exposure to cold. Oxotremorine also
      markedly depressed the thyroidal response to cold. Since these drugs did not
      interfere with pituitary thyroid responsiveness to exogenous thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH), it seems that the throidal endocytotic response to
      exposure to cold as a reflection of TSH secretion was directly influenced by
      alterations of brain biogenic amine concentrations or turnover rates.

PMID- 180446
TI  - In vitro release of ACTH from dispersed rat pars intermedia cells. I. Effect of
      secretagogues.
AB  - Studies were made to test the responsiveness of dispersed pars intermedia (PI)
      cells to a number of secretagogues, that are known to alter ACTH release from the
      pars distalis (PD) in vitro. In summary, (a) incubation in high (K+), which will
      increase ACTH release from the PD, did not alter ACTH release from the PI; (b) a
      crude extract of rat hypothalamus (HE) increased ACTH release from PD and PI; (c)
      the effect of HE was not due to its vasopression content, since pretreatment of
      the extract with thioglycolic acid did not modify its ACTH-releasing activity and
      neither lysine nor arginine vasopressin stimulated ACTH release from the PI; and
      (d) a partially purified CRF preparation, which will stimulate ACTH release from
      the PD, did not alter ACTH release from the PI. We conclude that the hypothalamus
      contains a substance(s) that will stimulate ACTH release from the PI and that the
      'secretagogue' is neither vasopressin nor the same CRF that will stimulate ACTH
      release from the PD.

PMID- 180447
TI  - Evidence that diphenylhydantoin does not affect adenosine triphosphatases from
      brain.

PMID- 180448
TI  - Inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in the
      rabbit ear artery.

PMID- 180450
TI  - Interactions of ACTH and norepinephrine on the activity of rat hippocampal cells.

PMID- 180449
TI  - Actions of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on neuromuscular transmission in the rat
      diaphragm.

PMID- 180451
TI  - Effect of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitors on thermoregulation in reserpine
      treated rats.

PMID- 180452
TI  - Effect of corticosteroids on the phrenic nerve-diaphragm of preparation treated
      with hemicholinium. A possible model of myasthenia gravis.
AB  - A marked protective action of the corticosteroids prednisolone, hydrocortisone,
      and dexamethasone has been shown on a hypothetical model of myasthenia gravis,
      using the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation treated with hemicholinium-3.
      Dexamethasone is much more effective than prednisolone, and hydrocortisone is the
      least effective. Prednisolone has no effect on a neuromuscular block caused by
      choline, decamethonium, physostigmine, d-tubocurarine, and a high or low calcium
      ion concentration. The possible implications of the present study for myasthenic
      disease are discussed. It is tentatively concluded that the site of action of
      corticosteroids in myasthenia gravis is located presynaptically.

PMID- 180454
TI  - A possible mechanism for selective cerebellar damage in partial pyruvate
      dehydrogenase deficiency.
AB  - In patients with partial deficiencies of pyruvate dehydrogenase, cerebellar
      ataxia has been the most prominent and sometimes the only neurologic abnormality.
      It is not clear how this generalized enzyme deficiency (with activity 15 to 30
      percent of normal in several tissues) might lead to clinical signs referable to a
      limited part of the nervous system. We therefore compared the normal activity of
      pyruvate dehydrogenase with the normal rate of pyruvate oxidation in different
      parts of animal brains and then calculated the effect on pyruvate oxidation of
      partial deficiencies of the enzyme. The data indicate that pyruvate oxidation
      could be impaired in an area of anterior cerebellar vermis by deficiencies of
      pyruvate dehydrogenase too mild to affect pyruvate oxidation in the other areas
      of the brain we examined.

PMID- 180453
TI  - Alexander's disease: a report and reappraisal.
AB  - A boy with juvenile onset of symptoms of Alexander's disease had a clinical
      picture of pseudobulbar palsy, ataxia, and spastic paraparesis. Pathologic
      examination of the central nervous system revealed the diffuse presence of
      Rosenthal fibers and patchy demyelination. This may be the first report of a case
      with significant neuronal changes and inflammation within the brain stem in this
      disease. The clinical picture of this entity is varied and age-dependent.
      Alexander's disease may be a motor system specific entity secondary to astrocytic
      dysfunction.

PMID- 180455
TI  - Melanosis of the choroid plexua.
AB  - A unique case of melanosis of the choroid plexus in a 74-year-old man who died of
      hypertensive cardiovascular disease is described. The cerebral lesion did not
      cause symptoms. The proposed pathogenesis is the conversion of choroidal
      epithelial lipofuscin into melanin. Our findings also may explain the origin of a
      previously reported primary malignant melanoma of the choroid plexus and of black
      cortical adenomas of the adrenal gland.

PMID- 180456
TI  - Experimental alterations in cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations in the
      cat basilar artery.
AB  - Levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in the basilar artery and in
      circulating blood of cats were determined after the production of spasm by
      topical application of blood to the vessel and following treatment with agents
      known to alter cyclic AMP. Isoproterenol, known to stimulate adenyl cyclase, and
      aminophylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, were studied alone and in
      combination. Cyclic AMP of the basilar artery fell from a mean control value of
      43 to 26 pmoles per milligram of protein following the production of vasospasm.
      Intravenous administration of isoproterenol alone and in combination with
      aminophylline produced dilatation of the basilar artery, which was associated
      with a marked rise in the cyclic AMP concentration in the vessel. The finding
      that cerebral vasospasm is associated with a fall and vasodilation with a rise in
      cyclic AMP concentration supports the hypothesis of an active role for cyclic
      nucleotides in the regulation of cerebrovascular smooth muscle tone.

PMID- 180457
TI  - Psychopharmacology in its second generation.

PMID- 180458
TI  - [The central or peripheral nature of pain in essential headaches].
AB  - As an alternative to the conventional peripheral (vascular or chemical) thesis,
      the possibility of the central origin of pain in essential headaches is
      illustrated. In fact, observations carried out on animal and man reveal that,
      central pain, besides being organic, may be of a functional nature. It may be
      correlated to the lack of those biochemical mechanisms, which take place in the
      assimilation of those painful inputs at a cerebral level. Particularly pain may
      be caused by a lack of the 5HT turn-over. As a result of experiments carried out
      on animals, this takes the role of mediating pain inhibition, being present in
      the modulation stage of those multi-integrated processes which permit the central
      perception of pain. Some biochemical and pharmacological clinical observations
      suggest a serotonin lack in patients affected by essential headaches. A special
      interest is established by the reciprocal involvement of ancestral functions in
      essential headaches, such as: emotion, sleep, appetite, vomit, thermoregulation
      and sex, which are functions directly or undirectly controlled by serotonin. In
      the therapeutic field, the apparent contradiction between the benefit achieved by
      anti-serotonin drugs (such as: ergotamine, methisergide, org. G.C. 94 and LSD-25
      at non-hallucinogen doses) and the substances with pro-serotonin activity (L
      triptophane and L-5 hydroxy-triptophane) supports the hypothesis of a central
      lack of 5HT, due to the fact that the recent experiments on animal and man have
      shown a serotonin compatibility by "antiserotonin" drugs, when they are
      administered at therapeutic doses. If this initial thesis finds further
      confirmations, we could define essential headaches as a peculiar "pain disease",
      thus allowing them a well defined nosologic classification.

PMID- 180459
TI  - [Morphological substrate of antalgia and analgesia in the odontostomatological
      and facial area].
AB  - Prior personal work is further extended by a description of the way in which
      odontostomatological and facial pain is sedated by acupuncture: via peripheral
      receptors, whose stimulations are intercepted and modulated by various filters
      lying between the periphery and the cortex: cord (gelatinous substance of
      Rolando, gate control system), reticular formation and thalamocortical pathways.

PMID- 180460
TI  - [Acupuncture and relaxation].
AB  - Relaxation and tranquility are commonly induced by acupuncture. Techniques are
      presented and neurophysiological theories underlying the therapeutic effect are
      discussed. Emphasis is laid on the importance of this effect in psychiatric
      management.

PMID- 180461
TI  - Management of the hypertensive patient.

PMID- 180462
TI  - On the brink of disaster. Nursing grand rounds.

PMID- 180463
TI  - Metastatic tumors of esophagus.

PMID- 180464
TI  - Eusol - paraffin dressings.

PMID- 180465
TI  - Serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in patients with trophoblastic
      disease.
AB  - Serum testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in 14 patients with unaborted hydatidiform mole and in 16
      patients with normal pregnancy of similar gestational age. Serum human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG) was measured by the radioreceptor assay in patients with
      hydatidiform mole. Serum T ranged from 0.27 to 5.39 ng/ml with a mean +/- SE of
      2.21 +/- 0.45 ng/ml in patients with hydatidiform mole mole and from 0.20 to 2.40
      ng/ml with a mean +/- SE of 0.80 +/- 0.14 ng/ml in patients with normal
      pregnancy, the difference being statistically significant (P = less than 0.005).
      Similarly, patients with molar pregnancies had a significantly higher (P = less
      than 0.005) serum DHT (range: 0.09 to 0.62 ng/ml; mean +/- SE: 0.29 +/- 0.05
      ng/ml) than patients with normal pregnancies (range: 0.04 to 0.28 ng/ml; mean +/-
      SE 0.12 +/- 0.02 ng/ml). There was no significant correlation between uterine
      size or serum hCG and serum T or DHT. The possible sources of the elevated serum
      T and DHT and the lack of hirsutism or virilization in patients with
      trophoblastic disease are discussed.

PMID- 180466
TI  - Association of liver tumors with oral contraceptives.
AB  - Benign hepatocellular neoplasia occurring in 22 women receiving oral
      contraceptive steroids but no other known hepatotoxins is reported for the first
      time from a registry for liver tumors associated with oral contraceptives. A
      review of recent literature has yielded 45 cases including 3 previously reported
      by the authors. This striking increase in what were formerly rare primary liver
      tumors in young women strongly suggests a cause and effect of relationship.
      Eighteen patients presented with intrahepatic or extrahepatic rupture and
      hemoperitoneum with hemorrhagic shock due to vascular changes within their liver
      tumors. Five died as a direct or indirect result of preoperative or postoperative
      blood loss. The predominant lesions were focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic
      adenoma, and hamartoma. Multiple synonymous nomenclature used to describe the
      histopathology of these tumors is disquieting and requires clarification. For
      diagnosis, enzyme determinations are not helpful. However, radionucleide liver
      scans, sonography, and celiac arteriography may be of value. Clinical
      surveillance must be the primary means for identification of this potentially
      lethal adverse phenomenon among 50,000,000 oral contraceptive users.

PMID- 180467
TI  - Visual criteria aid in job placement.

PMID- 180468
TI  - Industrial hygienists form vanguard for safety research.

PMID- 180469
TI  - [Dependence of ophthalmotonic reaction in hypothalamic stimulation on the content
      of corticosteroids and ACTH in the body].

PMID- 180470
TI  - Boron neutron capture therapy of cerebral gliomas. II. Utilization of the blood
      brain barrier and tumor-specific antigens for the selective concentration of
      boron in gliomas.
AB  - The use of the blood-brain barrier and of tumor-specific antibodies to
      concentrate boron selectivity in gliomas for neutron capture therapy is
      considered experimentally and theoretically. The time-dependent concentration of
      two anionic  boranes, B12 H11 SH2- and B12 H11 SOSB12 H114-, in the blood, brain,
      and tumor of rats bearing a tumor of gliomatous origin is reported. The rate of
      clearance of each anionic borane from the blood is correlated with the fraction
      of non-protein bound anion in the plasma. The use of antibodies to carry
      therapeutical useful amounts of boron to tumor-specific or tumor-associated
      antigens on the tumor cell surface will require different numbers of boron atoms
      bound per antibody depending on several immunological and physical parameters.
      Calculations using published values of antibody-antigen association constants and
      of cell surface antigen densities predict that in order to obtain 10mug 10B/g
      tumor from 10 to over 10,000 boron-10 atoms will have to be bound per tumor
      antigenic site.

PMID- 180471
TI  - Methotrexate with leucovorin rescue in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies.
      Preliminary report.
AB  - Experience with chemotherapy in advanced gynecologic malignancies is limited. In
      6 patients, 2 of 4 with carcinoma of the cervix, and 1 patient with carcinoma of
      the ovary achieved partial remission when treated with a regimen of high dose
      methotrexate (240 mg/m2) followed by leucovorin rescue. On patient with
      metastatic trophoblastic disease achieved complete response (greater than 24
      months). The number of doses of leucovorin 'rescue' was based on creatinine
      clearance. The advantage of rapid response and moderate toxicity indicate the
      need for further study of this regimen in the treatment of gynecologic
      malignancies.

PMID- 180472
TI  - [Raynaud syndrome of unusual etiology].

PMID- 180473
TI  - [Health condition in the developing countries of West Africa, with special
      reference to the Ivory Coast].

PMID- 180474
TI  - [Burkitt's lymphoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Burkitt's lymphoma occurs endemically in Central Africa, but is also found
      sporadically in areas with temperate climate. A case of Burkitt's lymphoma found
      in our area is described. The literature in regard to the clinical symptoms,
      etiology and treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma is reviewed. At the present time
      cyclophosphamide is considered to be the drug of choice; it leads to a remission
      rate of about 90%.

PMID- 180475
TI  - Arterial resistance to neoplasias experimentally induced in the rat.

PMID- 180476
TI  - Experimental regeneration in peripheral nerves and the spinal cord in laboratory
      animals exposed to a pulsed electromagnetic field.
AB  - Peripheral nerve section and suture was performed in 132 rats. Postoperatively
      half the animals were exposed to a pulsed electromagnetic field each day and half
      were kept as controls. Nerve conduction studies, histology and nerve fibre counts
      all indicated an increased rate of regeneration in the treated animals. A similar
      controlled study of spinal cord regeneration following hemicordotomy in cats has
      been started, and preliminary results indicate that when the animals are
      sacrificed three months after the hemicordotomy, the pulsed electromagnetic
      therapy has induced nerve fibre regeneration across the region of the scar.

PMID- 180477
TI  - [Permissivity of mouse-man hybrid cell clones to three enteroviruses: poliovirus
      II, coxsackie B3 and echovirus 11. Role of human chromosome F. 19 (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The permissivity of human cells to enteroviruses is linked to the presence of
      specific cell receptors. Owing to the chance elimination of human chromosomes,
      the man-mouse hybrid cells may be permissive or not depending on the genome
      responsible for synthesis of the receptors, and whether it has been conserved or
      not. By comparison of the cytopathogenic effects and virus production after
      inoculation of the viruses Polio II, Echo 11 and Coxsachie B3 to various hybrid
      strains, we observed an identity of the spectrum of permissivity to these three
      viruses. The enzyme study revealed a very high correlation between this
      permissivity and expression by the clones of the human glucose phosphate
      isomerase enzyme, of which the structural gene was localised on chromosome F 19.
      These results suggest the presence on this chromosome of a gene or syntenic
      genes, governing the synthesis of specific cell receptors to the viruses studied.

PMID- 180479
TI  - Submicroscopic response of articular chondrocytes to a cholesterol-containing
      diet.
AB  - 10 days' to 3 months' consumption of a diet containing 4% cholesterol causes a
      minor and transitory stimulation of articular chondrocytes of mice. The
      transitory disturbance is accompanied by a more permanent increase in glycogen,
      by abnormal deposition of cytoplasmic lipid and by an increase in the
      fibrillarity of the pericellular matrix. The changes are consistent with the
      failure of the cholesterol diet to influence the course of osteoarthrosis if fed
      to mice from an early age through life.

PMID- 180481
TI  - [Primary tumors of the liver in children].

PMID- 180480
TI  - Histogenesis of hyperplasia and carcinomas of the liver arising around central
      veins in mice ingesting chlorinated hydrocarbons.
AB  - The development of hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of parenchymal cells of
      the liver adjacent to central veins was observed in C3H mice ingesting the
      chlorinated hydrocarbons, dieldrin or aldrin, in the diet. Lesions could be
      followed from pericentral hyperplasia to areas of hyperplasia, nodules of
      hyperplasia, small hepatocellular carcinomas, and large well-developed
      carcinomas, occasionally with metastases. Sometimes pericentral hyperplasia was
      diffuse throughout most or all of one lobe of the liver. These hyperplastic cells
      collided to become one large nodule and also one large carcinoma. The carcinomas
      were well-differentiated or moderately well-differentiated and grew on
      transplantation to isologous hosts. Histologically, the hyperplastic cells
      adjacent to central veins were increased in size, frequently with double nuclei.
      Carcinoma cells varied in size and shape and were huge with large nuclei,
      prominent nucleoli, and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Similar hepatocellular carcinomas
      were seen previously with carbon tetrachloride, another organochlorine chemical.

PMID- 180478
TI  - [Tubular inclusions in the lymphocytes in a case of "hairy cells leukemia"
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A tubular inclusion (Hovig type) was found in the cytoplasm of the blood
      lymphocytes of a case of hairy cells leukemia. Its cytochemical and
      ultrastructural features are described ; its signification remains unknown.

PMID- 180482
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma and glioblastoma multiforme of the left cerebral hemisphere -
      necropsy report.

PMID- 180483
TI  - Genetics and the etiology of childhood cancer.
AB  - A consideration of the world-wide incidences of childhood cancer and of
      hereditary subgroups leads to the conclusion that two successive mutations can
      initiate cancer cells and that such cells usually proceed to develop into
      detectable cancers in a period of time which is short compared with the time
      required for most adult cancers. Environmental carcinogens could hypothetically
      increase the rates at which these mutations occur, but they probably, in fact,
      contribute little to the incidences. Certain exceptions, notably leukemia and
      lymphoma, are noteworthy, and a viral origin for them has been widely
      hypothesized. If most solid tumors of childhood are indeed correctly attributable
      to mutations in germ and/or somatic cells, then the prospect for the prevention
      of childhood cancer becomes very dim. In fact, the incidence of the germinal
      forms may increase as treatment improves (18). In theory, one might be able to
      identify individuals harboring cancer genes germinally and even to identify them
      prenatally. But even if the burden of cancer attributable to the hereditary
      subgroups were elimanted, there would still remain the larger nonhereditary group
      resulting from somatic mutations. If this hypothesis is correct, then childhood
      cancer cannot be prevented. With this conclusion goes the admonition, however,
      that environmental mutagens might significantly increase the burden of childhood
      cancer. One such mutagen, therapeutic radiation, is known to increase the
      prospect that second tumors will occur in patients who carry a germinal cancer
      mutation. The major effort to reduce the incidence of childhood cancer by
      prevention should be spent in examining the possibility that leukemia and
      lymphoma are viral in origin. If the arguments presented are correct, then the
      main effort against childhood cancer must be that of early diagnosis and
      treatment. I realize that many have already argued for that strategy in the
      approach to cancer generally, but I now believe that it is particularly relevant
      to any program against cancer in children.

PMID- 180484
TI  - Growth and growth velocity of lean body mass and fat in adolescent boys.
AB  - Beginning at age 10 years, height, weight, body density, and bone age of 40
      normal boys were measured yearly over a period of 8 years. From body density,
      lean body mass and body content of fat were calculated. Values for all
      measurements are included in the Appendix and mean values, including those for
      lean body mass and percentage of body fat, are presented for each year in Table
      1. Coefficients of correlation between measurements made during the first and
      eighth years of study were high for height (0.68), weight (0.50), and lean body
      mass (0.60), but relatively low for body fat (0.25). Correlation coefficients
      between the various parameters in a given year are presented in Table 2. The
      maximum yearly increment in height, weight, and lean body mass of individual
      subjects coincided in time. The respective mean values for the year of maximum
      growth were 9.4 cm, 8.1 kg, and 7.5 kg. Throughout the growth spurt, the
      contribution of fat to increase in body weight was small. It may be concluded
      that, next to height, the absolute amount of lean body mass demonstrates the most
      constant trend of development during adolescence.

PMID- 180485
TI  - Intestinal phosphate transport in familial hypophosphatemic rickets.
AB  - The present report outlines an attempt to characterize inorganic phosphate uptake
      by human jejunal mucosa using biopsy material obtained from six patients affected
      by the X-linked form of vitamin D-resistant rickets and six control subjects. The
      tissue from control subjects accumulated 32P actively in a linear fashion against
      time. The incorporation of inorganic phosphate into organophosphate derivatives
      is rapid and equilibrates after 10 min at an inorganic over total phosphate ratio
      of 0.45. Concentrative uptake and incorporation were both suppressed by
      anaerobiosis or cyanide. Rates of phosphate uptake and incorporation into the
      organic derivatives by the tissue of hypophosphatemic patients are comparable
      with normal values. Saturation kinetics observed over a wide range of substrate
      concentrations (0.003 to 3 mM) elicits only one transport system with an apparent
      Michaelis constant of 0.2 mM and a maximum velocity of 0.7 mmol/liter/40 min. The
      kinetic data obtained from the patients do not strikingly differ from the control
      values. The chemical analysis of the phosphate content of intestinal mucosa from
      two patients and two control subjects indicates that the tissue is not
      specifically phosphate-depleted in the mutant individuals. These results are in
      accordance with the positive results obtained with the oral replacement therapy
      in familial hypophosphatemia.

PMID- 180486
TI  - Elevated nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test response in acute viral
      respiratory disease.

PMID- 180487
TI  - Chemoreceptor function and sleep state in apnea.
AB  - Resting ventilation and ventilatory responses to 100% oxygen and to 5% carbon
      dioxide in air were measured in REM and non-REM sleep in post-neonatal infants.
      Normal controls were compared to infants with prolonged apnea and to siblings of
      sudden infant death victims. No significant differences in ventilatory responses
      were found between the groups. We conclude that apnea may occur in infants whose
      central and peripheral chemoreceptor activity is normal while they are breathing.

PMID- 180489
TI  - [Abdominal aortography in retroperitoneal neurogenic tumors in children].

PMID- 180488
TI  - Computerized tomography in the detection of intracranial metastases in children.
AB  - Computerized tomography brain scans produce sectional tomograms of the brain
      substance which demonstrate intracranial lesions. The procedure is safe and
      painless, and can be done on an outpatient basis. Three children with malignant
      disease had intracranial metastases demonstrated using this technique during a
      recent six-month period at the Cleveland Clinic.

PMID- 180490
TI  - [Wilms' tumor associated with multiple developmental defects].

PMID- 180491
TI  - [Malignant neoplasms in children].

PMID- 180492
TI  - [Letter: Estrogen implantations apparently followed by primary cancer of the
      liver].

PMID- 180493
TI  - [Letter: Responsibility of steroid hormones in the development of malignant
      tumors].

PMID- 180494
TI  - [Responsibility of the rotavirus in infantile diarrheas].

PMID- 180495
TI  - [Letter: Treatment of an inappropriate antidiuresis syndrome by
      demethylchlortetracycline].

PMID- 180496
TI  - [Letter: Narcolepsy. Suppression of paradoxical sleep by L-dopa].

PMID- 180497
TI  - [Hepatic polyadenomatosis. A further case].

PMID- 180500
TI  - Congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

PMID- 180498
TI  - [Specific rabbit abtiserum against human chylomicrons and very low density
      lipoproteins].
AB  - Rabbits were immunized by repeated intravenous injections of large amounts of
      chylomicrons plus VLDL isolated from human lipemic plasmas. The antisera were
      absorbed usccessively with lipoprotein free serum, HDL and LDL2. The absorbed
      antisera still precipitate chylomicrons and VLDL from sera of normal and
      hyperlipemic subjects (post-absorptive donors and fasting patients with type IV
      and type V hyperlipoproteinemia). By gel diffusion methods (immunoelectrophoresis
      and double diffusion in two dimensions), the antisera reveal a single precipitin
      line which stains better for lipid than for protein. This line is pronounced in
      VLDL-rich sera and absent in VLDL-free sera. The antisera react with chylomicrons
      plus VLDL delipidated by extraction with ethanol/diethyl ether; this shows that
      the antigenic site is an apoprotein; in contrast to apoprotein C, this apoprotein
      appears to be unique to the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

PMID- 180501
TI  - A transovarian transmission study of Marek's disease in Japanese quail.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine if transovarian transmission of the JM
      strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) occurs in Japanese quail. In one
      experiment, parent quail were infected with MDV when one-day-old; in another
      experiment, parent quail were infected when seven weeks old. No precipitating
      antigen or cytopathic or infective agent was isolated from the egg yolks,
      embryos, newly hatched quail, or progeny quail of the infected parents. During
      the eight weeks observation period, the progeny of infected parents showed no
      clinical symptoms, mortality, gross or microscopic lesions, MD viremia, or
      antibody. However, an MD-specific fluorescent antigen was observed in fibroblast
      and kidney cell cultures from embryos of parents infected at one day of age.
      Approximately 10% of the embryos contained this fluorescent antigen. Fluorescent
      antigen was not observed in cultures from embryos of quail infected at the age of
      seven weeks or control quail.

PMID- 180499
TI  - [Pathology of hemostasis in the newborn infant. Experiences during 3 years at the
      Hospital for Sick Children in Paris].

PMID- 180502
TI  - Efficacy of turkey herpesvirus vaccine when administered simultaneously with fowl
      pox vaccine.
AB  - The efficacy of the turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine in protecting chickens
      challenged with virulent Marek's disease (MD) virus was unaffected by the
      presence of either the chick embryo fowl pox vaccine or fowl pox vaccine derived
      from cell culture. Conversely the HVT vaccine did not affect the efficacy of the
      fowl pox vaccine in chickens challenged with pathogenic fowl pox virus. A
      combination of spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate and lincomycin
      hydrochloride monohydrate as well as spectinomycin sulfate tetrahydrate were
      found to be compatible with the HVT and fowl pox vaccines as demonstrated by
      resistance after challenge with virulent MD virus or fowl pox virus.

PMID- 180503
TI  - Marek's disease in Japanese quail -- a pathological, virological and serological
      study.
AB  - Experimental studies were performed to see whether Japanese quail (Coturnix
      coturnix japonica) are susceptible to JM strain  of Marek's disease virus (MDV).
      In three identical trials, a total of 120, one-day-old quail were inoculated
      intra-abdominally with 0.2 ml. of chicken blood infected with MDV (JM strain) and
      raised in FAPP isolators. Uninfected controls were inoculated with normal saline
      only and raised separately. During the 18-week post infection observation period,
      65-80% of the infected quail died within six weeks, while the highest mortality
      in control groups was only 0-5%. In each trial, ocular lesions with or without
      unilateral or bilateral blindness and signs of torticollis were evident in a few
      quail after 10-14 weeks. Gross and microscopic lesions suggestive of MD were
      observed 14 days on. The most pronounced lesions were observed in lungs. Neural
      tissues were least affected. In general, females were more susceptible than
      males. MD-specific fluorescent and precipitating antigens were detected in
      different visceral tissues, buffy coat and cultured macrophages of infected
      quail. Fluorescent antigen appeared at 6-7 days after infection, whereas
      precipitating antigen appeared after 12-15 days. Viral (MDV) infectivity tests in
      cell cultures and bioassay in one-day-old chicks and quail demonstrated that
      infected quail become viremic around the seventh day post infection. A cytopathic
      agent similar to MDV was also isolated from quail. Neither Newcastle disease
      virus nor a bacterial agent was isolated from the quail. MD-specific fluorescent
      precipitating antibodies were present in the egg yolk and plasma of both infected
      sick and infected symptomless quail. The earliest detectable plasma MD antibody
      appeared in 14-21 days. Such findings were not observed in quail from parent
      stock and controls. Our studies demonstrated that Japanese quail are susceptible
      to JM strain of MDV.

PMID- 180504
TI  - Effects of stress on the corticosterone content of the blood plasma and adrenal
      gland of intact and bursectomized Gallus domesticus.
AB  - The response of intact and bursectomized chicks to stressful stimuli has been
      examined. The stressors imposed were: a. fast-acting ACTH adminstration; b.
      immersion in cold water; c. starvation. In Bursa-intact chicks the results were
      as follows: 1. Plasma corticosterone was increased by all stimuli. 2. Adrenal
      corticosterone was decreased by ACTH treatment while it was increased by
      immersion in cold water and by starvation. 3. Plasma glucose was increased by
      ACTH administration and cold water immersion and decreased by starvation of the
      birds. 4. Adrenal ascorbic acid concentration was not influenced by all stimuli.
      5. Adrenal weights were found to be increased by ACTH and starvation treatments
      only. 6. Bursa weights were increased by ACTH administration. 7. A very low
      concentration of corticosterone was found in the Bursa of Fabricius.
      Bursectomized chicks differed from the intact ones in the following: 1. Plasma
      and adrenal corticosterone concentrations were not increased by starvation. 2.
      Plasma glucose increased moderately with ACTH administration. 3. Adrenal ascorbic
      acid was depleted by all stimuli but was not related to the corticosterone level
      in the adrenals and blood plasma.

PMID- 180505
TI  - Specific and non-specific immunosuppression in chickens.
AB  - Specific immunosuppression, caused by the passive transfer of immune sera, and
      non-specific immunosuppression, caused by ACTH, were investigated for possible
      interactions. The data confirm earlier studies which show that both types of
      suppression when administered independently cause reductions in humoral immune
      responsiveness. However, when both suppressive methods were administered
      simultaneously a level of suppression occurred which was not greater than that
      caused by either method alone. Additionally, when ACTH-induced non-specific
      immunosuppression was established in donors, passive transfers of sera from these
      donors did not cause suppression in the recipients.

PMID- 180506
TI  - The effect of grain component of the diet on the response of turkey poults to
      vitamin D3 and penicillin.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted with turkey poults to study the effects of the
      grain component of the diet (corn or rye), added fat, penicillin or extra vitamin
      D on growth and bone ash. In the first trial, where rye replaced corn in the
      diet, growth was depressed and the pults were rachitic before two weeks of age.
      Adding fat or penicillin to the rye containing diets significantly improved
      growth and increased bone ash. In the second trial, adding extra vitamin D3 or
      penicillin to a diet with rye increased both growth and bone ash. Diets
      containing either corn or rye were used in the third trial and the results again
      showed that extra vitamin D or penicillin markedly improved growth and bone ash
      when added to the diets with rye but did not significantly increase growth of
      poults on the diets with corn. Bone ash of turkeys fed the corn diets was
      significantly increased by a combination of extra vitamin D3 and penicillin.

PMID- 180507
TI  - A comparative study of iodine and potassium perchlorate metabolism in the laying
      hen. 2. Uptake, distribution, and excretion of potassium perchlorate.
AB  - The concentrations of 36Cl-labeled potassium perchlorate (K36CiO4) and previously
      reported iodide (131I) in the ova, thyroid gland, and blood of the laying hen
      were compared in this investigation. Radioperchlorate concentration and
      deposition properties showed a remarkable resemblance to those of iodide (131I).
      The topographic distribution of radioperchlorate in ova followed a peripheral and
      concentric ring deposition identical to that observed in the 131I investigation.
      The studies of the distribution of radioperchlorate showed that about 10.3, 2.0,
      and 1.4% of a single intramuscular injection of K36CiO4 was retained in the body
      at 3, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. The largest total concentration in the 3
      hour group was found in the blood (2.9%), followed by muscles (2.4%), internal
      organs (1.1%), and the 10 largest ova (1.0%). The 24 and 48-hour hens' ova showed
      the largest concentrations with values of 1.5 and 1.2% of the dose, respectively.
      This represented 76.9 and 81.3% of the total activity retained in the body at
      these times. The excreta in the 3 and 24-hour experiments accounted for most of
      the radioperchlorate dose.

PMID- 180508
TI  - Calcium-binding protein and calcium absorption in the laying quail (Coturnix
      coturnix japonica).
AB  - A vitamin D3-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) has been found in the
      intestinal mucosa of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). This protein is
      similar, if not identical to that of the chick (Gallus domesticus). A similar
      protein fraction appears also in uterine mucosa of laying quail. Both intestinal
      and uterine CaBP levels are higher in laying than in non-laying quails. Uterine
      CaBP was higher during egg shell formation than during uterine inactivity. The
      slight corresponding difference in the intestinal CaBP was not significant.
      Intestinal calcium absorption measured with 91Y as a reference substance was
      higher in birds during formation of egg shell than in those with inactive uteri.
      The possible role of CaBP in calcium translocation is discussed.

PMID- 180509
TI  - The interaction between Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and genotype of chicken in
      increasing the percentage of regression of Rous sarcomas.
AB  - Four breeding groups of chickens were inoculated in the wing-web with Rous
      sarcoma virus at 8 weeks of age. Treated birds were given a single dose of live
      organisms of a mile strain of Mycobacterium bovis of variety Calmette Guerin
      (BCG) as a subcutaneous inoculation adjacent to the emerging tumor. Control birds
      received no BCG. The breeding groups of chickens included a line selected for
      ability to  cause a high percentage of spontaneous regression of tumors, a
      susceptible line with a very low level of regression of tumors, and the two
      reciprocal crosses between these lines. Treatment with BCG greatly enhanced the
      percentage of regression in the line selected for regression and in the two
      reciprocal crosses, but was ineffective in the low regression line. Bursectomy of
      chicks from the low regression line did not permit BCG treatment to increase
      regression of Rous sarcomas.

PMID- 180511
TI  - The effect of non-protein energy sources on the ability of the chick to
      synthesize glucose-6-phosphatase.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship of energy source,
      age and glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the chick. In the first experiment
      liver glycogen and glucose-6-phosphatase were assayed in chicks of four age
      groups being fed either a high-fat or high-carbohydrate diet. It was observed
      that the feeding of the high-fat diet resulted in higher glucose-6-phosphatase
      activity and lower glycogen levels than did the feeding of the carbohydrate diet.
      Age was found to significantly influence enzyme activity. Both glucose-6
      phosphatase and liver glycogen were found to be negatively correlated in the fat
      fed chicks. In the second experiment chicks were fed either a high-fat or high
      carbohydrate diet for 28 days. Liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity was
      determined in representative samples of chicks from each group to establish basal
      levels. The diets were then reversed for a three-day period, after which the
      chicks were returned to their initial diets. Glucose-6-phosphatase was analysed
      at each step. Variation in enzyme activity in the chicks initially fed the high
      fat diet could be attributed to differences in body weight. However, those chicks
      originally fed the carbohydrate diet did exhibit a true metabolic adaption when
      fed the high-fat diet.

PMID- 180510
TI  - Detection of cellular immunity to rous tumors of chickens by the leukocyte
      migration inhibition reaction.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from Rous sarcoma-bearing chickens were
      tested for their ability to be inhibited from migrating in vitro by soluble tumor
      extract. It was found that the inhibition of leukocytes from chickens with
      regressing Rous tumors was significantly greater than that of chickens with
      progressing tumors or non-tumor bearing controls.

PMID- 180512
TI  - Vaccination of chickens against Marek's disease with the turkey herpesvirus
      vaccine using a pneumatic vaccinator.
AB  - A pneumatic vaccinator has been successfully used to administer cell-associated
      turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine without a loss in titer due to the pressure
      required to administer the vaccine. Laboratory studies have also shown that
      chickens vaccinated with graded doses of the HVT vaccine using doses as low as 41
      PFU offered protection against Marek's disease (MD) when compared to the
      unvaccinated controls. The pneumatic vaccinator has also been successful in
      administering a combination of HVT vaccine and tissue culture fowl pox vaccine.
      Vaccinated birds were protected against challenge with virulent MD virus as well
      as fowl pox virus. Antibiotics such as spectinomycin pentahydrate or lincomycin
      hydrochloride monohydrate and spectinomycin sulfate tetrahydrate were used in
      combination with the HVT and fowl pox vaccine and none of the antibiotics appear
      to have an adverse effect on the efficacy of either vaccine.

PMID- 180514
TI  - [A change in interneuronal transmission of excitation in the diencephalic regions
      of the brain under the influence of desoxycorticosterone].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on cats with the aid of electrophysiological methods
      and the use of blockers of cholino- and adrenoreceptors. It was shown that
      desoxycorticosterone facilitated the interneuronal transmission of excitation in
      the diencephalic portions of the brain. This was associated with the excitation
      under the effect of hormone of M-cholino- and beta-adrenoreceptors of the
      mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus present on the postsynaptic membrane.

PMID- 180513
TI  - [Functional interrelationship between two systems: pituitary--adrenal, pituitary-
      thyroid gland].

PMID- 180515
TI  - [The role of adrenaline and ACTH in the process of complex heparin compound
      formation in the blood during imobilization stress].
AB  - Intensification in immobilization stress of the process of formation of complex
      heparin compounds in the blood and a corresponding increase in the nonenzymatic
      fibrinolytic activity was largely determined by the altered hormonal status of
      theorganism: by adrenaline and ACTH discharge. In the animals with the ACTH
      secretion blocked by DOCA administration the nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity
      in stress remained at the basal level characteristic of the nonstress situation.
      This activity remained at the basal level also after the block of the alpha
      adrenoceptors by phentolaminehydrochloride. Administration of both adrenaline and
      ACTH considerably intensified in stress the process of formation of heparin
      complexes; no summation of the action of the exogenous ACTH and adrenaline
      occurred.

PMID- 180516
TI  - [Mechanisms of seasonal changes in the circadian corticosteroid function of
      rats].
AB  - Data are presented concerning seasonal changes in the circadian 11-OCS rhythm in
      the adrenal glands in the plasma of rats. For the purpose of studying the
      mechanisms of control of circadian 11-OCS rhythms during the spring and autumn
      seasons there were studied circadian corticosteroid reactions to ACTH and stress.
      The "Cosinor" method of study was used for analysis of the real circadian rhythm.
      The data obtained permit to suppose that in autumn the rhythm of the adrenal
      glands was associated with the circadian rhythm of the central links of the
      hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal system, and during the spring season an important
      contribution in the formation of the circadian rhythm of the adrenocortical
      activity was brought by the adrenal mechanisms.

PMID- 180517
TI  - [Autoregulation of hormonogenesis in the adrenal cortex].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on 60 rats. An attempt was made to ascertain with the
      aid of histochemical methods the possibility of a direct action of
      glucocorticoids on the adrenal glands. Incomplete coincidence of histochemical
      changes following hypophysectomy with the changes caused by the action of
      cortisone for the same period (10 days), and also a distinct depression with
      cortisone of histochemical shifts characteristic of the action of ACTH in
      hypophysectomized animals pointed to the direct (not mediated through the
      hypophysis) influence of cortisone on the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 180518
TI  - [Conversion of proinsulin into insulin in insulin producing tumors in man].
AB  - The enzymatic activity of tissues of insulomas and also the proinsulin and
      insulin content in them was studied. As revealed, insulomas contained an
      increased amount of proinsulin in comparison with the unaffected islands of
      Langerhans. The tumours under study also differed by the capacity to catalyze the
      splitting of hippuryl-L-arginine, synthetic substrate of carboxypeptidase B.
      Proinsulin content in the tumours of the islar tissue depended on the presence in
      them of an enzyme catalyzing the splitting of the substrate at pH 6.8--7.2, this
      pointing to its participation in the conversion of proinsulin into insulin.

PMID- 180519
TI  - [Blood levels of ACTH and cortisol in patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease
      treated with chloditan].
AB  - The authors present the results of examination of the content of ACTH and
      cortizol in the blood of 55 patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease and of 36
      healthy persons. Fifty patients were examined repeatedly after a course of
      chloditan treatment. Plasma ACTH content was determined by the radioimmunological
      method, and cortizol -- by the competitive binding method with the help of sets.
      Investigations carried out showed an increase in blood ACTH and cortizol which
      proved to be most pronounced in patients with a severe form of Itsenko-Cushing
      disease. A marked reduction of glucocorticoid function of the adrenal glands with
      an elevation of ACTH secretion occurred after chloditan therapy. At remote
      periods after the chloditan treatment ACTH and cortizol secretion depended on
      clinical manifestations of the disease. It was shown that examination of blood
      ACTH and cortizol content could be used as an auxiliary criterion in the
      diagnosis of Itsenko-Cushing disease, in ascertaining the severity of this
      disease and in the assessment of the efficacy of the treatment carried out.

PMID- 180520
TI  - [The effect of ACTH and chorionic gonadotropin on cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate  concentration and of a homogenate of fetal hypophysis on adrenal
      steroidogenesis in human embryos and fetuses from the 7th to the 12th week of
      embryonic development].
AB  - It was shown that homogenates of the hypophysis of human fetuses from the 8th to
      the 12th week of gestation stimulated in vitro formation of F and DEA-sulfate in
      the adrenal glands of fetuses of the same gestation period. ACTH increased the
      cAMP concentration in the adrenal glands of all the embryos and fetuses under
      study; this pointed to the presence in them of ACTH-dependent adenylcyclase, and,
      consequently, of the ACTH receptors. On the contrary, chorionic hormone produced
      no effect on the cAMP concentration in the adrenal glands. The data obtained,
      together with those published earlier suggested that adrenal glands of human
      fetuses from the 8th week of gestation were already under the controlling
      influence of ACTH of their hypophyses and that the action mechanism of ACTH on
      the adrenal glands of fetuses was analogous to its action on the adrenal glands
      of adult.

PMID- 180522
TI  - The influence of potassium and ACTH on plasma-aldosterone regulation in anephric
      patients.
AB  - After increasing the intracellular potassium concentration of seven anephric
      patients without changing the total body potassium, by administration of insulin
      glucose, the plasma-aldosterone concentration increased significantly to 180
      percent of the pre-infusion value despite a drop in plasma potassium. A
      significant correlation between the decrease in the plasma potassium and the
      increase in plasma aldosterone concentration was found. Plasma cortisol remained
      unaffected. ACTH stimulation of five anephric patients resulted in a significant
      simultaneous increase in plasma aldosterone as well as in plasma cortisol. These
      studies indicate that changes in the intracellular potassium concentration, as
      well as ACTH stimulation, are important regulators of the aldosterone secretion
      in anephric patients.

PMID- 180521
TI  - The influence of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on plasma levels of adenosine
      3'5' monophosphate and electrolytes in normal and anephric subjects.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to estimate whether target tissues other than the
      kidney are responsive to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) in
      anephric man. Twenty subjects were studied: 12 normal, 4 anephric, 4 anuric
      ('anephric') individuals. PTH infused into 6 normal subjects produced several
      fold increase in plasma level of cAMP, whereas CT caused minimal increase in the
      same number of normal individuals. In 4 anephrics PTH infusion resulted in a
      delayed rise of plasma cAMP. CT administration to 4 'anephrics' did not change
      plasma cAMP. In all subjects PTH and CT failed to modify plasma electrolytes
      level. The data indicate that the kidneys are the main source of cAMP after PTH
      administration and in anephric subjects extrarenal tissues are the source of
      circulating cAMP.

PMID- 180523
TI  - Serum lipids and lipoproteins in acute renal failure.
AB  - Forty-five patients with various forms and phases of acute renal failure without
      or with haemodialysis treatment were investigated. The concentration of free
      fatty acids, triglycerides and total cholesterol in serum were determined and
      separation of lipoprotein classes on agarose gel was performed. Increase in free
      fatty acids and triglycerides, decrease in cholesterol concentration in serum
      characterised the anuric phase. The increase of prebeta fraction, the decrease of
      alpha and beta lipoprotein fraction were found in the oligoanuric phase. Decrease
      in triglyceride concentration was observed as a regular effect of haemodialysis.
      Decrease in prebeta and increase in beta lipoprotein fraction immediately after
      the termination of haemodialysis occurred. In the polyuric phase of acute renal
      failure there was significant decrease in free fatty acids and triglycerides and
      increase in cholesterol concentration in serum simultaneous with improvement of
      clinical signs. An increase in prebeta and decrease in beta lipoprotein fraction
      was noted in the convalescence phase, despite and opposite trend of serum
      triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations.

PMID- 180524
TI  - Lipid patterns in haemodialysed and transplanted patients.
AB  - The plasma lipid pattern was investigated in 103 dialysis patients and 66 renal
      transplant patients. Only 32 percent of dialysed patients and 30 percent of
      transplanted patients had a normal lipid pattern. In other patients the most
      frequent disorder with hypertriglyceridaemia, and less frequently combined or
      isolated hypercholesterolaemia. Since these lipid abnormalities are known to
      predispose to an accelerated atherosclerosis, a dietetic therapeutic approach was
      tried. Fifteen transplanted patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia were
      submitted to a hypocaloric (1700 kcal) and low carbohydrate (130 g) diet. During
      dieting the plasma lipid pattern was normalised and maintained in a normal range
      for the period of observation (3-12 months).

PMID- 180525
TI  - Poliovirus-induced inhibition of polypeptide initiation in vitro on native
      polyribosomes.
AB  - The inhibition of HeLa cell protein synthesis by poliovirus was studied by
      examining initiation in vitro on endogenous host polyribosomes. At an early
      stage, before major viral RNA replication and protein synthesis begins, the
      initiation of translation on cellular mRNA is strongly inhibited. Fractionation
      of extracts from infected cells shows that the lesion is associated mainly with
      the crude polyribosome fraction. The cellular mRNA appears unchanged and is as
      active as mRNA from control cells in stimulating incorporation. The native
      ribosomal subunits and KCl-washed polyribosomes from the infected cells are also
      active. Only the ribosomal wash fraction prepared from the inhibited
      polyribosomes had reduced activity. However, the reduction in the ribosomal wash
      activity measured in a reconstructed system is not as large as the inhibition
      seen with "native" polyribosomes. The results indicate that a viral induced
      inhibition is probably associated with the ribosomal wash fraction, but the
      reconstructed system is not equivalent to the "native" inhibited system.

PMID- 180526
TI  - Structure of the prosthetic group of Klebsiella aerogenes citrate (pro-3S)-lyase.
AB  - The prosthetic group of citrate (pro-3S)-lyase [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase (pro
      3S-CH2COO- leads to acetate); EC 4.1.3.6] from Klebsiella aerogenes was obtained
      by mild alkaline hydrolysis of the enzyme and purified by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography. Several chemical and enzymatic degradation products of the
      compound have been isolated, and analyses of these have shown the structure of
      the prosthetic group to be 3'(or 2') leads to 1 inch-(5 inches-phosphoribosyl)
      dephosphocoenzyme A. Proof as to the exact linkage between the two ribose
      moieties and the anomeric configuration of the glycosidic bonds has not yet been
      obtained. A similar analysis was obtained for a product isolated after Pronase
      digestion of the enzyme (without alkaline hydrolysis). The isolated prosthetic
      group also can serve as a substrate for a crude preparation of acetate:-SH-(acyl
      carrier protein) enzyme ligase (AMP) from K. aerogenes, pure pig heart citrate
      (si)-synthase (EC 4.1.3.7), and pure rat liver ATP citrate (pro-3S)-lyase
      (EC4.1.3.8). This compound is the first shown to substitute for coenzyme A in the
      latter reaction.

PMID- 180527
TI  - Sodium-stimulated alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport by membrane vesicles from
      simian virus-transformed mouse cells.
AB  - Uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, by membrane vesicles derived principally
      from the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of mouse 3T3 cells transformed
      by simian virus 40, is stimulated by sodium chloride. Both in the presence and
      absence of Na+ uptake is time-dependent and osmotically sensitive. The Na+
      stimulated uptake is inhibited by other amino acids. The kinetics of transport of
      alpha-aminoisobutyric acid are shown to be biphasic both in whole cells and in
      the membrane vesicles. Only the high affinity system is stimulated by sodium in
      the membrane vesicles. These results demonstrate that observations made on living
      cells correlate with observations made on isolated membrane vesicles, and
      indicate that these membrane vesicles have retained the cellular amino acid
      transport system functionally intact.

PMID- 180528
TI  - Affinity label for beta-adrenergic receptor in turkey erythrocytes.
AB  - The compound N-[2-hydroxy-3-(1-naphthoxy)-propyl]-N'-bromoacetylethylenediamine
      (NHNP-NBE) was found to label covalently the beta-adrenergic receptor in turkey
      erythrocytes. The compound inhibits irreversibly 1-epinephrine-dependent
      adenylate cyclase activity [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] in
      the whole turkey erythrocyte as well as in the erythrocyte membranes possessing
      the beta-receptor. The affinity label blocks, also irreversibly, the specific
      [3H] propranolol binding, whereas other bromoacetyl compounds tested have no
      effect on binding, even at high concentrations, which cause enzyme inactivation.
      1-Epinephrine and propranolol offer protection against the affinity label in
      whole turkey erythrocytes as well as in membranes prepared from these cells. The
      potential usefulness of an irreversible beta-antagonist is discussed.

PMID- 180529
TI  - Extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis.
AB  - Soluble adenylate cyclase [EC 4.6.1.1] accumulates in the culture medium of
      exponentially growing Bordetella pertussis (300-900 pmol of cAMP formed/min per
      ml of 24 hr culture supernatant). In addition, there is an extracytoplasmic
      adenylate cyclase which enables the intact organisms to form [32P] cAMP
      (adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate) from exogenous [alpha-32P] ATP (200-1200
      nmol of cAMP formed/min per g wet weight of cells) and which comprises 20-45% of
      the total adenylate cyclase activity. In contrast, only 1.7 and 2.4% of the total
      cell malate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.37] and alkaline phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.1],
      respectively, are detectable in the intact cell. Trypsin treatment of intact
      organisms destroys 96% of the extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase, but does not
      reduce the total cell malate dehydrogenase or a small pool of intracellular
      adenylate cyclase. Four compartments of adenylate cyclase in B. pertussis are
      proposed; (A) soluble enzyme in the culture supernatant (up to 20% of the total
      activity); (B) enzyme associated with intact cells and measurable without cell
      disruption (20-45%); (C) extracytoplasmic enzyme sensitive to trypsin, but not
      measurable in intact cells at standard substrate concentrations (40-60%); and (D)
      intracellular enzyme (7-9%). In comparison with previously studied bacterial
      adenylate cyclases, the extracytoplasmic location appears to be unique to the B.
      pertussis enzyme.

PMID- 180530
TI  - Regulation of viral transciption and tumor antigen expression in cells
      transformed by simian virus 40.
AB  - We have studied the expression of simian virus 40 (SV40) specific tumor antigen
      (T-antigen) and viral RNA in SV40-transformed mouse 3T3 cells that are
      temperature-sensitive for the expression of the transformed phenotype (ts SV3T3).
      Although transformed by wild-type SV40, ts SV3T3 cells at 32 degrees behave like
      standard transformants, while at 39 degrees they became arrested in G1 after
      reaching saturation density or under conditions of serum starvation. ts SV3T3
      cells at 32 degrees or exponentially growing at 39 degrees are uniformly T
      antigen positive. However, after G1 arrest at 39 degrees the majority of the
      cells becomes T-antigen negative. Induction of proliferation in the resting
      cultures results in the reappearance of T-antigen in most of the cells,
      concomitant with the induction of DNA synthesis. The reason for the disappearance
      of T-antigen from ts SV3T3 cells arrested in G1 seems to reside in a
      transcriptional control operating on the integrated viral DNA, since these cells
      contain no appreciable amounts of SV40 specific RNA. Viral RNA can be easily
      detected in cells growint at 32 degrees or at 39 degrees. The results suggest
      that transcription of the viral genome in SV40-transformed cells is cell-cycle
      dependent.

PMID- 180531
TI  - Structure of a nicked DNA-protein complex isolated from simian virus 40: covalent
      attachment of the protein to DNA and nick specificity.
AB  - A portion of the nicked circular DNA isolated from purified simian virus 40
      contains a protein-DNA complex in which protein(s) is covalently attached to the
      end of a DNA single strand. (Nicked DNA is double-stranded DNA that contains at
      least one single-strand scission.) The protein was visualized by electron
      microscopy and labeled in vitro with 125I. The bond between the protein and the
      DNA is stable in alkali, 4 M guanidine-hydrochloride, 3.86 M hydroxylamine (pH
      4,23), and in 98% formamide. Most of the molecules in the nicked circular DNA
      fraction contained one nick. The nick occurs on either of the two complementary
      strands; the specific nick sites on the two strands are staggered, but lie within
      a few hundred nucleotides of each other.

PMID- 180532
TI  - Acceptor proteins in rat androgenic tissue chromatin.
AB  - Fractionation of chromatin into urea-soluble chromosomal nonhistone proteins
      (UP), histones (HP), and DNA-associated nonhistone proteins (NP) revealed that
      the NP fraction from testicular and prostatic chromatin contains organ-specific
      acceptors for complexes of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (17beta-hydroxy-5alpha
      androstan-3-one) and its receptor. This acceptor capacity of androgenic tissue
      chromatin could be transferred to chromatins from non-target tissues with the NP
      fraction of DNA-associated proteins. Phosphorylation of chromatin enhanced its
      hormone-receptor binding capacity.

PMID- 180533
TI  - Phenotypic transformation of clonal myogenic cells to cells resembling
      chondrocytes.
AB  - The nicotinamide analogue 6-aminonicotinamide and dibutyryl 3':5'-cAMP inhibit
      myogenesis in a clonal rat cell line from skeletal muscle. Both reagents produce
      a similar morphological response in the cells, and stimulate collagen and
      glycosaminoglycan synthesis. These data suggest that 6-aminonicotinamide and
      dibutyryl cAMP induce a phenotypic transformation of myogenic cells to cells that
      share many characteristics with chondrocytes.

PMID- 180534
TI  - Affinity isolation of cultured tumor cells by means of drugs and hormones
      covalently bound to glass and Sepharose beads.
AB  - Isoproterenol, corticotropin (ACTH), and triodothyronine immobilized on glass and
      Sepharose beads by diazotization procedures have been shown to interact with
      cultured tumor cells of "target tissue" origin. Cells used were rat glioma cells
      (C6), rat adrenal tumor cells (Y-1), and rat pituitary tumor cells (GH3). The rat
      glioma cells bound principally to immobilized isoproterenol, whereas the rat
      adrenal tumor cells bound to immobilized corticotropin, and rat pituitary tumor
      cells bound to immobilized triiodothyronine. Binding was inhibited by
      preincubation of the cells in soluble drug or hormone. With C6 cells there was a
      positive correlation between adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase
      (cyclizing, EC 4.6.1.1] stimulation and the degree of binding to the immobilized
      isoproterenol. Norepinephrine, bound through the ethanolamine side chain via an
      amide linkage, did not bind cells, demonstrating specific structural requirements
      for drug-cell interactions. HeLa cells were shown to bind tightly to diphtheria
      toxin coupled to Sepharose beads via an amide bond. This binding was inhibited by
      prior incubation of the Sepharose toxin with purified antitoxin. Toxin bound to
      Sepharose via an azo bond did not bind cells. These data suggest that the cell
      affinities are due to cell surface receptors interacting with the immobilized
      drugs and hormones, and that the observed affinities possibly reflect the
      relative receptor complement of these cells.

PMID- 180535
TI  - A fatty acyl-CoA oxidizing system in rat liver peroxisomes; enhancement by
      clofibrate, a hypolipidemic drug.
AB  - Purified rat liver peroxisomes contain a cyanide-insensitive fatty acyl-CoA
      oxidizing system that uses O2 and NAD as electron acceptors. The system was
      detected by the ability of added palmitoyl-CoA to elicit O2 consumption, H2O2
      production, and O2-dependent NAD reduction. The activity of this system is
      increased approximately one order of magnitude in rats treated with clofibrate, a
      hypolipidemic drug known to cause peroxisomal proliferation.

PMID- 180536
TI  - Temperature-sensitive changes in surface modulating assemblies of fibroblasts
      transformed by mutants of Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - The hypothesis that surface modulating assemblies containing microfilaments and
      microtubules and altered after cellular transformation was tested on cells
      infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of avian sarcoma virus. Untransformed
      cells (mouse 3T3 and chick fibroblasts), cells transformed by simian virus 40 (SV
      3T3), and chick fibroblasts infected with Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma
      virus (SR-RSV-A-infected cells) were first compared for differences in
      microfilament and microtubule patterns after treatment with fluorescein-labeled
      antibodies to actin and tubulin. Transformed cells showed disappearance of
      ordered stress microfilaments and thickened or diffuse alterations of
      microtubular arrays. At restrictive temperatures (41 degrees), chick fibroblasts
      infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts 68) of Rous sarcoma virus showed
      normal patterns of stress fialments and radial microtubular arrays originating in
      1 or 2 centrioles. At permissive temperatures (37 degrees), these patterns were
      disordered and resembled those of SR-RSV-A-infected cells. After a shift from 41
      degrees to 37 degrees, the changes in microtubules were observed in the majority
      of cells within 1 hr. These changes were reversible and did not result from the
      inability of tubulin to polymerize. In ts 68-infected cells at permissive
      temperatures, concanavalin A induced much less surface modulation (inhibition of
      receptor mobility) than at restrictive temperatures. These results suggest that
      cellular transformation alters both the structure and function of surface
      modulating assemblies and prompt the hypothesis that products of viral
      transforming genes may affect these assemblies with a consequent loss of growth
      control.

PMID- 180537
TI  - Release by human chromosome 3 of the block at G1 of the cell cycle, in hybrids
      between tsAF8 hamster and human cells.
AB  - A temperature-sensitive mutant of Syrian hamster cells, AF8 was fused with simian
      virus-40-transformed Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts; LNSV, in the presence of beta
      propiolactone-inactivated Sendai virus. The AF8 cells grow well at 33.5 degrees
      but are arrested in mid G1 period when shifted to 39 degrees. The LNSV cells are
      deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. The hybrid clones
      were selected in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium at 39 degrees. A total
      of 20 clones was isolated and karyotyped. All clones contained most of the
      hamster chromosomes and one to eight human chromosomes. The preferential
      retention of human chromosome 3 was observed in 100% of the metaphases of all
      clones. In nine of the clones, the only human chromosome present was chromosome
      3. The results indicate that human chromosome 3 is responsible for conferring to
      the hybrid cells the ability to grow at nonpermissive temperature for AF8 cells,
      i.e., the ability to overcome the G1 block. These findings, together with other
      reports in the cell cycle may be regulated by genes located on different
      chromosomes.

PMID- 180538
TI  - Clonal variation in albumin messenger RNA activity in hepatoma cells.
AB  - The clonal variation in rate of albumin synthesis in hepatoma cells is described
      as a tool for the study of epigenetic control of differentiation. Previous
      studies have demonstrated that, from a population of hepatome cells, variant
      subclones can be readily isolated that produce albumin at different rates. Each
      clonal variant had a characteristic rate of albumin production, and the clones
      clustered around discrete values that formed a geometric progression. The present
      experiments, using a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from wheat germ; show
      that albumin messenger RNA activity is directly proportional to the rate of
      albumin synthesis in three different hepatoma clones, thus suggesting a
      pretranslational control of albumin production. Possible hypotheses to explain
      the geometric pattern of clonal variation are discussed with respect to the
      organization and control of the transcriptional unit.

PMID- 180539
TI  - Heredity of the GIX thymocyte antigen associated with murine leukemia virus:
      segregation data simulating genetic linkage.
AB  - The GIX antigen is a feature of the gp70 envelope glycoprotein of murine luekemia
      virus (MuLV). This GIX-gp70 molecule is found on the thymocytes of some (GIX+)
      strains of mice, where its expression is controlled by two mendelian genes, Gv-1
      and Gv-2. Previous recombination data involving the prototype GIX+ strain 129
      indicated that the H-2 (chromosome 17) and Gv-1 loci are linked, at a distance of
      36 units from one another. New data indicate that the association of H-2 and GIX
      phenotypes is an example of quasi-linkage, evidently dependent in this instance
      on heterozygosity at a locus or loci in the vicinity of H-2. Other previous
      recombination data, involving the GIX+ strain AKR, had indicated that the Gpd-1
      (chromosome 4) and Gv-1 loci are linked at a distance of 19 units from one
      another. New data from other crosses show that this association of Gpd-1 (glucose
      6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1) and GIX phenotypes also constitutes quasi-linkage,
      evidently due to heterozygosity at the Fv-1 locus. An important theoretical
      consequence of quasi-linkage in general is that it should enhance the
      heritability of particular constellations of unlinked genes, and so influence
      population structure. Our new data are discussed from the viewpoint that MuLV
      genomes are apparently concerned in quasi-linkage, and therefore by the same
      arguments may influence the genetic structure of populations. This in turn may
      strengthen the view that integrated MuLV genomes are not simply intruded into a
      self-sufficient cellular genome, but are themselves elements of the cellular
      genome with primary functions, perhaps in reproduction or embryogenesis.

PMID- 180540
TI  - Genetics of resistance of fowl to infection by RNA tumour viruses.

PMID- 180541
TI  - Ammonium sulfate activation of phosphodiesterase in homogenates of larvae of the
      european corn borer.
AB  - European corn borer phosphodiesterase is highly activated by (NH4)2SO4 and
      moderately activated by NH4C1 (pH 7.6, 33 degrees). Vertebrate and crayfish
      diesterases, on the other hand, are inhibited by (NH4)2SO4. It is likely that
      (NH4)2SO4 causes some configurational change in the European corn borer
      phosphodiesterase molecule which results in the exposure of more active sites and
      hence greater enzyme activity. In in vitro tests caffeine (0.008 M) and
      theophylline (0.008 M) inhibit phosphodiesterase more effectively in European
      corn borer larvae than in crayfish, ovine, bovine, or rat tissue.

PMID- 180543
TI  - Studies on rats with islet beta cell tumors induced by nicotinamide and
      streptozotocin.
AB  - Islet beta cell adenomata were induced in rats by combined treatment with
      nicotinamide and streptozotocin. Three weeks after treatment marked alterations
      in glucose tolerance were noted in animals which later exhibited large beta cell
      tumors. Eight months after treatment, the rats known to have beta cell tumors on
      the basis of marked hypoglycemia and later confirmed by autopsy showed variable
      response to a glucose load. Some tumor-bearing rats showed fast response to
      glucose load, their blood sugar levels were elevated moderately and returned to
      normal or below normal levels rapidly; these animals are described as having
      "fast-acting tumors". Rats with "slow-acting tumors" responded sluggishly to a
      glucose load; their blood glucose pattern was similar to that of subdiabetic
      animals. Animals with beta cell tumors exhibited elevated serum insulin levels 30
      min after glucose administration. Insulin biosynthesis by beta cell adenomata was
      demonstrated by in vitro incorporation of [14C]leucine into proinsulin and
      insulin. In the small number of tumor samples studied, a stimulatory effect of
      glucose on insulin biosynthesis was observed.

PMID- 180542
TI  - Effect of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on serine metabolism in chick tissues.
AB  - The effect of cyclic 3',5'-AMP and supplemental dietary glycine upon de novo
      synthesis of serine metabolic enzymes in chick livers were examined. Chicks fed
      crystalline amino acid diets containing 2% glycine had approximately twofold the
      activity in liver for 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and phosphoserine
      phosphatase compared to liver tissue from chicks fed diets lacking in dietary
      glycine. Chicks subjected to daily intraperitoneal injections of cyclic 3',5'-AMP
      and fed diets containing no dietary glycine contained biosynthetic enzyme
      activity similar to glycine-fed chicks suggesting a correlation between glycine
      and cyclic AMP for serine enzyme induction. The elevated enzyme activity in liver
      of chicks fed dietary glycine or injected with cyclic AMP was inhibited when
      chicks were also injected with actinomycin D indicating de novo synthesis of 3
      phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and phosphoserine phosphatase. Dietary glycine or
      cyclic AMP, however, did not change serine dehydratase and glycerate
      dehydrogenase activities in chick liver.

PMID- 180544
TI  - Brain amines and spontaneous epileptic seizures in the Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - The seizure sensitive (WJL)UC) strain of Mongolian gerbils has been used to
      investigate the effects of drugs that modify central monoamine activity on
      spontaneous epileptiform seizures. Increasing central norepinephrine and dopamine
      levels significantly reduced the severity of the seizures and the importance of
      dopamine was further demonstrated by the protection from seizures after
      administration of the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine. These data indicate that
      a search for differences in regional levels, or turnover rates, of these amines
      between seizure sensitive and seizure resistant strains of gerbils might be
      profitable in determining the genetic deficit underlying the seizure phenomenon
      in these animals.

PMID- 180545
TI  - The effect of ACTH-analogues on motor behavior and visual evoked responses in
      rats.
AB  - Averaged visual evoked responses (VER) in cortical area 17 were recorded one hour
      after the administration of 7-l-phe ACTH4-10 or 7-d-phe ACTH4-10 to artificially
      ventilated rats, paralysed with gallamine. In addition, the effects of these
      peptides on spontaneous motor behavior were analysed. The results show that the
      latencies of all VER components remain unchanged and the amplitudes of the
      primary VER were unaffected. Measured at a wide variety of light intensities,
      however, the amplitudes of the VER afterdischarge were significantly and very
      similarly diminished by both peptides, the effect of 7-l-phe ACTH4-10 being
      somewhat stronger than that of 7-d-phe ACTH4-10. These results support the
      notion, advanced by others, that these peptides have an effect on a CNS vigilance
      regulating system, yet do not explain the reported opposite effects on active
      avoidance behavior of the two related peptides. The effects appear specific since
      spontaneous motor behavior, as index of changes in generalised arousal, is
      unaffected by these two peptides.

PMID- 180546
TI  - Effects of REMS deprivation on striatal dopamine and acetylcholine in rats.
AB  - Changes in the concentration of striatal dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) in
      rats deprived of REM sleep for 10 days were compared with those obtained after a
      4 day deprivation procedure. Animals placed on small (7 cm dia.) islands
      surrounded by water were completely deprived of REM sleep but able to obtain some
      slow-wave sleep. Concentration of striatal DA was significantly increased after 4
      days and 10 days of REM sleep deprivation by 73 and 133%, respectively when
      compared to controls. Levels of ACh in the striatum were significantly enhanced
      (by 28%) after 10 day, but failed to show significant change after 4 day REM
      sleep deprivation procedure. The short term locomotor activity was significantly
      higher in REM sleep-deprived animals. Our data indicate that REM sleep
      deprivation results in marked alterations of both cholinergic and dopaminergic
      mechanisms in the rat striatum.

PMID- 180547
TI  - Somatostatin and thyrotropin releasing hormone: central effect on sleep and motor
      system.
AB  - The hypothalamic hormones, somatostatin (SRIF or GH-RIH) and thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH) applied intraventricularly into rat brain had a
      considerable effect on motor function and resulted in profound alterations in the
      sleep-waking pattern. While TRH induced primarily an increase in exploratory and
      motor stereotyped behavior, the effect of somatostatin was striking and
      prolonged: stereotyped circular running in many instances evolved into catatonia,
      paraplegia-in extension and/or tonic-clonic seizures.

PMID- 180549
TI  - [Distribution of homologous benzilonium-n-alkylsulfonate in the three-compartment
      system water/n-octanol/water].

PMID- 180548
TI  - [Iodometric determination of penicillin. 4. Oxydation of the thiazolidine ring].

PMID- 180550
TI  - Direct photo-affinity labeling of cyclic nucleotide binding proteins with
      guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate.

PMID- 180551
TI  - Host cell reactivation in mammalian cells. V. Photoreactivation studies with
      herpes virus in marsupial and human cells.

PMID- 180552
TI  - Photoreduction of porphyrins to chlorins by tertiary amines in the visible
      spectral range. Optical and EPR studies.

PMID- 180553
TI  - Lipoprotein structure and metabolism.

PMID- 180554
TI  - Peptides: roles in neuronal excitability.

PMID- 180555
TI  - Office evaluation of breast problems.
AB  - The primary physician's best and most dependable aid to diagnosis of breast
      problems is a thorough and careful physical examination. A methodical approach is
      described.

PMID- 180556
TI  - Age and parasuicide ('attempted suicide').
AB  - A one-year cohort of parasuicide patients (n = 882) was divided into three age
      groups, subdivided by sex where indicated. Systematic comparisons of the groups
      were made, and significant discrepancies validated using a second cohort of
      patients. A number of social, demographic and clinical differences were found, as
      well as some unexpected similarities. The rates for subsequent (completed)
      suicide were conspicuously different in the six age-sex subgroups.

PMID- 180557
TI  - REM sleep deprivation and exploration in young rats.

PMID- 180558
TI  - Rulse radiolysis and ESR studies of the electron-affinic properties of
      nitroheterocyclic radiosensitizers.

PMID- 180559
TI  - Effects of whole-body x-irradiation of some aspects of collagen metabolism in the
      rat.

PMID- 180560
TI  - The vascular tree in the juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: a report of 10
      cases.
AB  - Nasopharyngeal angiofibromas have a characteristic angiographic appearance that
      will allow operative diagnosis without the dangers of biopsy. Angiography shows
      the vascularization of the tumour and is of great value to determine the extact
      extension of the tumour. Subtraction technique is essential. The routine skull
      base view is imperative to determine if it is necessary to perform a bilateral
      angiography.

PMID- 180561
TI  - Angiography and histopathology of nephroblastomatosis.
AB  - A case of nephroblastomatosis (diffuse bilateral Wilms' tumor) in association
      with congenital hemihypertrophy is reported and the angiographic findings
      presented. Serial angiograms and tissue biopsies documented the transition from
      nodular renal blastema to Wilms' tumor.

PMID- 180562
TI  - Angiography of nonfunctioning islet cell tumors of the pancreas.
AB  - Two cases of nonfunctioning islet cell tumors were documented angiographically
      and histologically. The manifestations of islet cell tumors, with emphasis on the
      nonfunctioning type, are discussed, as are the differences between the
      functioning and nonfunctioning types.

PMID- 180563
TI  - Adaptations of muscular tissue to training.

PMID- 180564
TI  - New directions in human biochemical genetics: understanding the manifestations of
      receptor deficiency states.

PMID- 180565
TI  - Genetic disorders of lysosomes.

PMID- 180566
TI  - The enzymic mechanism of guanosine 5',3'-polyphosphate synthesis.

PMID- 180567
TI  - Effects of polyamines on the structure and reactivity of tRNA.

PMID- 180568
TI  - [Goodpasture's syndrome. Apropos of a case associated to a hepatocarcinoma].

PMID- 180569
TI  - [I. Evaluation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal function. Effects of the
      administration of ACTH, dexamethasone, metopirone and L-dopa on the steroids of
      urine in normal patients].

PMID- 180570
TI  - [II. Dexamethasone, metopirone and ACTH tests in the diagnosis of diseases of the
      hypothalamo-hypopyseal adrenal axis].

PMID- 180571
TI  - [Binding to chicken liver lactatedehydrogenase (author's transl)].
AB  - Some information about the lactate dehydrogenase NAD binding site has been
      obtained by working with coenzymes analogs of incomplete molecules. 5'AMP, 5'
      ADP, ATP, 5'-c-AMP and 3'(2)-AMP inhibit chicken liver LDH activity competitively
      with NADH. 5"-AMP and 5'-ADP show a stronger inhibition power than ATP,
      suggesting that the presence of one or two phosphate groups at the 5' position of
      adenosine, is essential for the binding of the coenzyme analogs at the enzyme
      binding site. Ribose and ribose-5'-P do not appear to inhibit the LDH activity,
      proving that purine base lacking mononucleotides do not bind to the enzyme. 5"
      ADPG inhibits LDH activity in the exactly as 5'-ADP, showing that ribose moiety
      may be replaced by glucose, without considerable effects on the coenzyme analog
      binding. 2'-desoxidenosin-5'-phosphate proves to be a poorer inhibitor of the LDH
      activity than 5'-AMP, indicating that an interaction between the--OH groups and
      the amino-acids of the LDH active center takes place. Nicotinamide does not
      produce any inhibition effect, while NMN and CMP induce a much weaker inhibition
      than the adenine analogues, thus indicating a lesser binding capacity to the
      enzyme. Therefore, the LDH binding site seems to show some definite specificity
      towards the adenina groups of the coenzyme.

PMID- 180572
TI  - [Opportunistic infections].

PMID- 180573
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of Cytomegalovirus infections].

PMID- 180574
TI  - Nuclear protein kinase of brain: effect of S-100 protein.
AB  - The non-histone chromosomal protein fraction isolated from purified brain nuclei
      possesses protein kinase activity. 93% of this activity is lost by heating at 80
      degrees C for 5 min. cAMP does not affect the reaction, but cGMP is inhibitory.
      In the presence of S-100, an acidic brain-specific protein, phosphate
      incorporation is enhanced 3 to 4 fold. Bovine serum albumin has no effect whereas
      histone inhibits activity.

PMID- 180575
TI  - The growth characteristics of metastases from experimental renal tumors.
AB  - Wistar-Furth rats and BALB/c mice were implanted with tumor cells from metastases
      or primaries of an experimental Wilms' tumor or an experimental renal cell
      adenocarcinoma. The survival time, metastasis formation and growth of the primary
      tumor after implantation of metastatic tumor cells did not exceed those found
      after implantation of tumor cells from the tumor primaries. It is concluded that
      the higher growth rate usually found in metastases is not necessarily due to a
      selection of metastatic cells with a short cell growth cycle but that there are
      other environmental factors enhancing the growth of metastases.

PMID- 180576
TI  - Enhanced pulmonary absorption of drugs in rats with experimental silicosis.
AB  - To investigate the effect of pulmonary silicosis on absorption of drugs from the
      lung, rats were given an intratracheal injection of 50 mg quartz dust, and rates
      of drug absorption from silicotic and control lungs were compared at 60 and 120
      days after treatment. The pulmonary absorption of procaine amide ethobromide and
      p-aminohippuric acid was increased by 33-41% in animals with silicosis, whereas
      absorption of procaine amide in silicotic animals was not significantly different
      from control. The results suggest that silicosis results in an increased porosity
      of the pulmonary epithelium.

PMID- 180577
TI  - Comparisons of antidotal efficacy of chelating drugs upon acute toxicity of
      Ni(II) in rats.
AB  - Six chelating drugs were administered to rats by im injection at equimolar
      dosages in order to compare their relative effectiveness in prevention of death
      after a single parenteral injection of NiCl2. Triethylenetetramine and d
      penicillamine were most effective antidotes for acute Ni (II)-toxicity. In order
      of decreasing antidotal effectiveness, diglycyl-L-histidine-N-methylamide, sodium
      diethyldithiocarbamate and calcium disodium versenate significantly reduced the
      acute mortality of rats following ip injection of Ni (II). Alpha-Lipoic acid was
      not effective as an antidote for acute Ni (II)-toxicity.

PMID- 180578
TI  - Effect of hydroxycobalamin on the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase by cyanide.
      II - In isolated cytochrome C oxidase.
AB  - The effects of hydroxycobalamin on inhibition of the isolated cytochrome c
      oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) by cyanide were studied. No effect of hydroxycobalamin (HCo)
      and cyanocobalamin (CNCo) was observed on isolated cytochrome c oxidase. When
      cytochrome c oxidase inhibited by cyanide was treated with HCo the reversal of
      inhibition could be observed through the spectrum of cytochrome c oxidase without
      reversal of activity; CNCo had no effect. The treatment of cyano-cytochrome c
      oxidase with HCo suggests that there is the formation of cobalamin-cytochrome c
      oxidase complex plus CNCo, and it is possible that complex formation would be
      between the cobalt of cobalamin and proteic part of cytochrome c oxidase.

PMID- 180579
TI  - Effect of narcotic dependence and withdrawal on striatal dopamine-sensitive
      adenylate cyclase and synaptosomal cyclic AMP metabolism.
AB  - In rats rendered tolerant to the dependent on morphine, striatal cyclic AMP
      metabolism was significantly enhanced as reflected by elevated cyclic AMP levels
      and adenylate cyclase activity. Following withdrawal from morphine treatment,
      whereas the activity of straital adenylate cyclase was significantly reduced when
      compared to morphine-dependent rats, the drop in cyclic AMP was not significant.
      Although addition of dopamine (40 muM) stimulated equally well the striatal
      adenylate cyclase from control or morphine-dependent animals, the activity of
      dopamine-stimulated enzyme was blocked in animals undergoing withdrawal. The
      crude synaptosomal fraction of the whole brain obtained from morphine-dependent
      rats exhibited an even more pronounced increase in cyclic AMP which was
      accompanied by elevated adenylate cyclase and protein kinase activity. Naloxone
      administration suppressed this rise in cyclic AMP and reversed the morphine
      stimulated increases in adenylate cyclase and protein kinase. Following the
      withdrawal of morphine treatment, alterations in cyclic AMP metabolism were
      similar to those noted for the morphine-naloxone group.

PMID- 180580
TI  - Ontogenesis of serotonergic systems in rat brain.
AB  - It was shown that the concentration of brain 5-HT rises slowly, reaching mature
      values by 80 days of age, while the catabolic product of 5-HT, i.e., 5-HIAA,
      drops from a high perinatal value to lower values by adulthood. This is indicated
      of poorly developed storage mechanisms at this early period in life. It was also
      shown that MAO develops at a rapid rate, acquiring mature values by 20 days. The
      activity of MAO towards substrates develops at different rates, although the
      general pattern of development is the same.

PMID- 180581
TI  - Growth kinetic studies of avian infectious bronchitis virus in tracheal organ
      cultures.
AB  - An egg-adapted vaccine strain (H120) and an organ culture-passaged field strain
      (HV-10) of avian infectious bronchitis (AIB) virus were propagated in tracheal
      organ cultures and their growth kinetics examined using nine-day-old embryonated
      fowl eggs and chick tracheal explants for virus assay. When the H120 strain was
      assayed in embryonated eggs, titres were approximately log10 2-0 ID50 (50 per
      cent infectious dose) per ml higher than when assays were performed in tracheal
      explants. The HV-10 strain, assayed in tracheal explants, yielded higher titres
      than did the H120 strain, but when assayed in embryonated eggs, yielded only
      minimal and variable virus titres.

PMID- 180582
TI  - The pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema (II).
AB  - The most important primary cause of generalized pulmonary emphysema is in all
      probability the loss of mechanical stability of the connective tissue framework
      in the lung parenchyma. The complexity of the interrelations and
      interdependencies between the fibres and the ground substance, leads to the
      mapping out of a more detailed outline of the vulnerable parts in a similar
      framework. It is concluded that the junctions especially constitute weak spots.
      Glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and proteoglycans particularly hold a key
      position as cementing substances. The importance of female sex hormones in the
      metabolism of the ground substance is indicated. A survey is given of the
      possible threats to a similar system. An attempt is made to disentangle the
      multitude of possible pathogenetic pathways which lead to emphysematous
      disintegration. Perspectives of future emphysema research are discussed on the
      basis of these considerations. Preventive, protective, and reconstructive
      measures are proposed.

PMID- 180583
TI  - [Epidemiologic serum study of cytomegalovirus infection in Sao Paulo, Brazil].

PMID- 180584
TI  - Pathology produced by isocyanates: methods of immunological investigation.
AB  - A group of 182 workers exposed to diisocyanates (varnishers, carpenters,
      producers of polyurethane resins and expanded plastic) were examined to study the
      immunogenic capacity of these substances. The skin tests, particularly the
      intradermal tests, revealed reactions of the immediate, accelerated and/or
      delayed types due to the presence of IgE and IgG, in addition to responses of the
      cellular type. This was confirmed by passive transfer in guinea-pigs and man and
      immunohaematological tests such as passive haemagglutination and lymphocyte
      transformation. In 4 cases it was possible to demonstrate thermoresistant,
      homocytotropic immunoglobulins, that were not dependent on complement and behaved
      like reagins (i.e. short-term anaphylactic IgG). Exposure tests were performed on
      45 cases; the results are analyzed and compared with those of the skin tests. It
      is concluded that both these groups of tests are of value in investigating the
      aetiopathogenesis of the pathology of the isocyanates: the skin tests for initial
      screening, and then the exposure tests for resolving doubtful diagnoses. Cross
      reactions were also demonstrated between toluene-diisocyanate and methylene
      diisocyanate. Two phases could be considered in the pathogenesis; in the first
      phase, signs of inflammation appeared at the primary sites of contact with the
      irritant, then the ability of the diisocyanates to form a conjugate with organic
      proteins results in the production of a complete antigen and consequent
      sensitization of the exposed person. The appearance of symptoms naturally depends
      on subsequent exposure and the immunogenic capacity of the patient: the response
      is mainly of the reagin type in atopic patients and of type 3 in non-atopic
      patients.

PMID- 180585
TI  - Quantitative bone scanning.
AB  - The use of a computer coupled on-line with the scintillation camera allows an
      improvement of the finding of skeletal scintigraphy realized with 99mTc
      pyrophosphate, making possible the identification of the smallest bone lesions.
      It also makes possible the quantification of the uptake degree of the
      radioindicator demonstrating, in normal subjects, an uptake ratio between the
      various skeletal segments of 1.07 +/- 0.06. In 44 metastatic lesions the ratio
      was 1.80 +/- 0.32, whilst in 14 areas of slight hyperfixation of the tracer a
      value of 1.24 +/- 0.09 was found. Since we were dealing with patients suffering
      from metastatic bone neoplasms, the authors outline the possibility that the
      quantification of data will allow the demonstration of the bone metastases even
      more precociously than with traditional scintigraphix examination.

PMID- 180587
TI  - [Paradoxical sleep without rapid eye movements].

PMID- 180586
TI  - [Active sleep in the newborn infant: its possible morphological and functional
      differentiations].

PMID- 180588
TI  - [Behavior of facial paraspasm during various phases of physiological nocturnal
      sleep].

PMID- 180590
TI  - [Hormonal investigations in a patient with mucopolisaccharidosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In one patient with mucopolisaccharidosis endocrine investigation were performed.
      The results indicate an impaired regulation of hypothalamus-hypophysis
      adrenocortical system. The hypothalamus GH sstem appears to be involved to a
      lesser extent. A dysfunction of the central nervous system is suggested.

PMID- 180591
TI  - [Effect of organophosphate insecticides on cytochrome oxidase and succinate
      dehydrogenase activity in rat and hen brain].

PMID- 180589
TI  - Progressive supranuclear palsy: report of two cases (author's transl).
AB  - Two cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are reported in two men (49 and
      75years old) who for one and four years respectively had sudden falling while
      walking. Rigidity of the neck was an carly feature that prgressed to involve the
      upper trunk while "subcortical dementia", dysarthria and dysphagia appeared. They
      had a complete paralysis of vertical eye movements and slow horizontal voluntary
      eye movements. Oculocephalic reflexes were intact. On caloric stimulation
      vestibulo-ocular responses were present but only slow saccadic eye movements were
      observed. With surface electrodes eye movements were studied during the REM phase
      of sleep. Our patients had both vertical and horizontal eye movements during
      paradoxal sleep. This findings is in keeping with a supranuclear ophtalmoplegia,
      and may help in antemorten diagnosis of PSP.

PMID- 180592
TI  - [Interaction of vitamin D3 and diphosphonate in their action on calcium and
      phosphorus metabolism (author's transl)].

PMID- 180593
TI  - Canker sores and cold sores their diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 180594
TI  - Pyrophosphate arthritis.

PMID- 180595
TI  - Interactions between hormones and nerve tissue.

PMID- 180596
TI  - Ethanol-induced depletion of cerebellar guanosine 3',5' -cyclic monophosphate.
AB  - Single doses of ethanol a severe depletion (95 percent) of cerebellar guanosine
      3',5' -cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) within 1 hour after administration. The
      degree of this depletion is dose-dependent and is a function of the amount of
      ethanol in the blood. Interactions between ethanol and cyclic GMP may account for
      some of the intoxicating properties of ethanol.

PMID- 180597
TI  - Enhanced template activity in chromatin from adrenal medulla after
      phosphorylation of chromosomal proteins.
AB  - Translocation of protein kinase to the nucleus had been implicated earlier in the
      transsynaptic control of gene expression mediated by cholinergic nerves in
      adrenal medulla. Phosphorylation of chromosomal proteins by adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate-dependent protein kinase and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate enhances
      the template activity of chromatin from adrenal medulla. When homologous RNA
      polymerase II is used the relative activation is greater than that obtained with
      Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The substrate for such phosphorylation does not
      seem to be RNA polymerase II. Phosphorylation of specific acidic protein probably
      mediates this enhancement of template activity.

PMID- 180598
TI  - Electrotonic processing of information by brain cells.
AB  - In contrast to well-studied through-protection neurons that propagate information
      from one region to another in the central nervous system, short-axon or axonless
      neurons form local circuits, transmitting signals through synapses and electrical
      junctions between their dendrites. Interaction in this dendritic network proceeds
      without spike action potentials. Interaction is mediated by graded electrotonic
      changes of potential and is transmitted through high sensitivity (submillivolt
      threshold) synapses rather than by lower sensitivity (20 to 100-mv threshold)
      synapses typical of projection neurons. A crucial feature of local circuits is
      their high degree of interaction both through specialized junctional structures
      and through the extracellular fields generated by local and more distant brain
      regions. The anatomical evidence for the nature and distribution of neuronal
      local circuits in the nervous system is surveyed. Bioelectric mechanisms are
      discussed in relation to the special properties of local circuits, including
      dendrodendritic synapses, synaptic sensitivity, electrotonic coupling, and field
      effects. Intraneuronal and interneuronal transport of various types of substances
      suggests that the biochemical and the bioelectrical parameters are functionally
      interwoven. Through such interactions neuronal local circuits, with their
      distinctive properties, may play an essential role in higher brain function.

PMID- 180599
TI  - Brainstem neurons without spontaneous unit discharge.
AB  - A new class of single neurons showing no spontaneous activity in waking, rapid
      eye movement sleep, and slow-wave sleep was found in the brainstem of
      unrestrained cats. Systematic testing showed that these cells discharge only in
      response to specific stimuli and remain silent for as long as 40 minutes in the
      absence of stimulation. Silent cells were widely distributed in the pons and
      midbrain and constituted a major percentage of observed neurons. The economy of
      discharge shown by these cells contrasts with the spontaneous activity of
      virtually all other neurons that have been observed in the brains of unrestrained
      animals and suggests the widespread existence of specialized neural systems that
      show only phasic activity.

PMID- 180600
TI  - Lymphocyte-differentiating hormone of bursa of fabricius.
AB  - Induction of early lymphocyte differentiation was studied in vitro in
      fractionated bone marrow cells of newly hatched chickens, with alloantiserums to
      identify newly differentiated B cells (Bu-1+) and T cells (Th-1+). Thymus extract
      induced selective T cell differentiation; the activity of the extract corresponds
      to that of thymopoietin. Bursal extract induced both B cell and T cell
      differentiation, but at lower concentrations B cell differentiation was always
      greater. This activity is ascribed to a lymphocyte-differentiating hormone of the
      bursa of Fabricius, for which the name bursopoietin is suggested.

PMID- 180601
TI  - Specificity of in vitro binding of primate Type C viral RNA and the homologous
      viral p12 core protein.
AB  - The binding of type C viral p12 proteins to purified viral RNA has been examined
      in vitro with the use of a family of closely related infectious primate type C
      viruses--the woolly monkey (SSAV) and gibbon (GALV) group. This in vitro protein
      RNA binding is type specific. The system should serve as a model for studies of
      the evolution of nucleic acid binding proteins.

PMID- 180602
TI  - Embryonal neoplasms in the opossum: a new model for solid tumors of infancy and
      childhood.
AB  - Opossums fed the chemical carcinogen ethyl nitrosourea early in postnatal life
      developed a variety of epithelial and mesenchymal embryonal neoplasms that were
      closely analogous, in morphology and biological behavior, to tumors of human
      infancy and childhood for which experimental models in laboratory animals are
      either imprecise or nonexistent. The embryonal tumors were found in association
      with, and occasionally at the same sites as, a limited number of malformations.

PMID- 180603
TI  - Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase is elevated in fibroblasts from patients
      with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
AB  - In subconfluent cultures of fibroblasts from patients with complete or partial
      deficiencies of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase,
      phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase activity is elevated. The abnormally high
      catalytic activity of the synthetase appears to account for the overproduction of
      purines by the cultured mutant cells and presumably for that by the patients.

PMID- 180604
TI  - Insulin binding to cultured human fibroblasts increases with normal and
      precocious aging.
AB  - Specific and nonspecific [125I]insulin binding and concentration of unlabeled
      hormone producing 50 percent competition with 1.0 nanomolar [125I]insulin for
      specific binding sites correlated positively with age of fibroblast donors. Cells
      from four children with precocious aging--three with progeria and one with
      Rothmund syndrome-resembled those from the chronologically old.

PMID- 180605
TI  - Streptozotocin-induced pancreatic insulitis: new model of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Multiple small injections of streptozotocin in mice produce pancreatic insulitis,
      with progression to nearly complete beta cell destruction and diabetes mellitus.
      The timing and appearance of the inflammatory islet lesions suggest but do not
      prove that streptozotocin acts by initiating a cell-mediated immune reaction.
      Ultrastructural evidence of abundant type C viruses within beta cells of treated
      mice suggests that streptozotocin may activate murine leukemia virus in vivo in
      susceptible hosts.

PMID- 180606
TI  - [Osteochondritis dissecans and osteonecrosis of the lower end of the femur. Value
      of bone marrow functional exploration].
AB  - The authors report the results of 19 functional investigations carried out for
      osteochondritis in 11 cases, and osteonecrosis of the knee in 8 cases. The 8
      cases of osteonecrosis all had hemodynamic disorders with increased pressure in
      the bone marrow and stasis due to circulatory obstruction. On the other hand, 5
      cases of osteochondritis out of the 11 explored had no disturbance of marrow
      blood supply. However, of the 6 cases of osteochondritis with vascular disorders,
      there were 5 who had some other reason which might explain the disorder blood
      supply within the bone. It thus seems that one may contrast two types of disease:
      -One, characterized by an intra-osseous circulatory disorder for which one might
      reserve the terms osteonecrosis, which occurs in patients aged over 60 years, but
      which may be observed in juvenile forms. - The other, characterised by the
      absence of any hemodynamic disturbance and in which the foreign body seems to
      result from a very localised disorder which does not affect the bone marrow blood
      supply. One may use here the term, osteochondritis. We propose to substitute this
      physiopathological classification for the classical division based on age and on
      X-rays. Investigation of the blood supply of the bone, permits, as with
      strontium, early diagnosis at a pre-radiological stage.

PMID- 180607
TI  - [Tumors of the glomus jugulare].
AB  - Tumours of the glomus jugulare always raise diagnostic and therapeutic problems.
      We decided to review the pathology and clinical findings whilst reporting a
      typical case found on our neurology unit. After a brief review of the embryology,
      anatomy and histology of the glomus jugulare, the authors report the case of a
      patient who presented a recurrent intracranial form with involvement of several
      cranial nerves, together with associated involvement of the carotid glomus. This
      was a familial disease. The patient was operated on with excellent results. The
      authors then present a clinical description of the various signs in glomus
      tumours,; depending more on the origin of the tumours than on the length of
      history. They then criticize the diagnostic interest of radiology, emphasizing
      the interest of angiography which may demonstrate a pathological vascular focus
      derived from the internal carotid artery together with the vertebro-basilar
      system. Retrograde jugulography also provides important information. The
      treatment of glomus jugulare tumours is, above all, surgical. They are approached
      through the ear in order to localise the intra-petrous part, or else, they may be
      approached through the skull. A combined otological and neuro-surgical approach
      to sometimes necessary for the lesion may involve both the petromastoid region
      and the posterior cerebral fossa. Radiotherapy is often advised after operation,
      in view of the importance of the vascular component of these tumours. The results
      of treatment are, on the whole, satisfactory.

PMID- 180608
TI  - [Infections during malignant blood diseases. Value of the carbenicillin
      gentamicin combination].
AB  - The association of carbenicillin and gentamicin was used as a routine in the
      early treatment of 48 attacks of fever, in 38 patients who mostly had acute
      leukemia and marrow aplasia. The attacks of infection may be classified as
      follows: 30% septicemia, 30% local infections, 40% no bacteria were identified.
      Among the septicemias, we noted 5 septicemias due to pyocyaneus, 4 due to
      klebsiella. On the whole, in the attacks of fever, the association of
      carbenicillin and gentamicin proved effective in 70% of cases, but a cure was
      obtained in only 56% of cases. In vitro, the association carbenicillin-gentamicin
      proved justified in 70% of cases. There was no special intolerance, apart from a
      few cases of hypokalemic alkalosis. The association carbenicillin-gentamicin, by
      its broad spectrum and especially in view of its elective effect on the
      pyocyaneus is an excellent initial form of antibiotic therapy, when faced with
      infection in a patient with malignant blood disease. However, it should be
      recognised that the efficacy of this association depends on the number of
      circulating polynuclear cells and that some bacteria, such as the klebsiella, are
      clear cells and that some bacteria, such as the klebsiella, are often resistant
      to this antibiotic association.

PMID- 180609
TI  - [Results of medical treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers with disordered gastric
      emptying].
AB  - The efficacy of medical treatment was studied in 53 patients with a peptic ulcer
      responsible for disturbed gastric emptying. An improvement in gastric emptying
      was noted in 38 cases and persistence of the disorder in 15 cases. These results
      were not related to the dose of anticholinergic drug, nor to the degree of
      disturbance in gastric emptying. Only one improvement was noted out of 7 cases of
      pyloric ulcer. A relapse of disturbed gastric emptying, occurred in 17 out of 38
      patients who were initially improved. 25 patients out of 53 were finally operated
      on, 15 owing to persistence of the gastric emptying disturbance under treatment
      and 10 owing to a relapse. Out of 18 gastrectomy specimens, the ulcer was found
      to be healed in 7 cases. It seems that disturbed gastric emptying may be due to
      fixed deformities of the pylorus which are little changed by medical treatment,
      and minor disturbances of emptying regress well under treatment. Disturbed
      gastric emptying due tp pyloric ulcer is the most difficult to treat medically.

PMID- 180610
TI  - [Septicemic complications of venous perfusion catheterization. 4 years'
      experience in an intensive care unit].
AB  - Septicemia is a complication of prolonged venous catheterisation; although rare,
      is at present important owing to the severity of the condition and the
      possibility of prevention. The severity should lead one to very careful
      precautions to avoid sepsis, which antibiotic therapy and emergencies often lead
      one to neglect. The development of research on the prophylaxis of septicemia
      suggests that in the future, prolonged intravenous fluid may be given less
      dangerously. They are usually essential during the initial stages of intensive
      care.

PMID- 180611
TI  - [Cardiac insufficiency caused by the use of daunorubicin. Clinical and
      developmental study of 4 recent cases].
AB  - Out of a total of 126 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including 69
      children aged less than 15 years, and 57 adults aged less than 60 years, who were
      treated with daunomycin (D.N.R.) initially and with several courses of
      reinduction, we noted 4 cases of decompensated heart failure (3.1%). 3 cases
      occurred in children aged 4, 5 and 5 years, and in the last case, in a young
      adult, of 19 years. Three of these patients were in complete remission of the
      blood and were only undergoing courses of reinduction. The 4th was in incomplete
      remission. When symptoms first occurred, about 2 months after the last injection
      of D.N.R. the total dose administered varied between 14 and 31 mg/kg, extending
      over periods of 5 to 16 months (average monthly dose 1.9 to 2.8 mg/kg). Except in
      one case, the course only mildly influenced by the symptomatic treatment and
      death occurred in 3 patients within from 15 days to 5 months after the onset of
      the first symptoms. The last patient is still alive and seems stabilised with a
      follow up period of 9 months. The responsibility of D.N.R. in the development of
      this myocarditis appears very likely. The unforeseable character of such
      complications, which are independent of age, and not necessarily linked to any
      excessive dosage, should be taken into consideration in the indications for
      D.N.R. in spite of their relative rarity.

PMID- 180612
TI  - Model systems for studies of prostatic cancer.

PMID- 180613
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinoma and erythrocytosis.

PMID- 180614
TI  - Wilms' tumor with bony metastases.
AB  - A case of Wilms' tumor with extensive bony metastases and involvement of unusual
      sites such as lacrimal and salivary glands without pulmonary metastases is
      presented.

PMID- 180615
TI  - Carcinoma of the colon in a child.
AB  - A case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon in a 12-year-old girl is reported.
      There was no evidence of pre-existing familial polyposis or ulcerative colitis,
      conditions which predispose to colon carcinoma in childhood. A review of the
      literature revealed 103 previously reported cases. The salient features of the
      disease are discussed.

PMID- 180616
TI  - Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria associated with non-beta cell
      tumor of the pancreas.

PMID- 180617
TI  - Chemotherapy of urogenital cancer.

PMID- 180618
TI  - Changing patterns of surgery of the gallbladder, bile ducts, and liver.

PMID- 180619
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the liver.
AB  - Four hundred and six patients with primary carcinoma of the liver were admitted
      to the University Surgical Service at this hospital. The males predominated, 5:1,
      and except for two patients, all were Chinese. The Hong Kong-born Chinese
      appeared to be relatively free of the disease which was common among the
      immigrants from the province of China adjoining Hong Kong. In 199 patients no
      treatment was possible, while in 83, resection was carried out. In 61 patients,
      surgical treatment was obligatory because of spontaneous rupture. In the
      remaining 81 patients, a clinical trial of five categories--hepatic
      dearterialization, hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil, hepatic arterial
      ligation and portal venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil, radiotherapy and no
      treatment--was carried out.

PMID- 180620
TI  - Monitoring of visual function during parasellar surgery.
AB  - Damage to the visual system is an unfortunate complication of surgery in the area
      of the optic chiasm. It is now possible tomonitor the functional status of the
      visual system intreoperatively at regulat intervals. This is accomplished by
      recording the Visual Evoked Response to flashes of light from light-emitting
      eiodes. These diodes are embedded in a special plastic shell which inserts under
      the eye lids of each eye. Since the light comes from the diodes in the plastic
      shell, there is no need to disturb the surgical procedure when a test run is
      desired. A record is obtained by averaging 100 three-per-second flashes.

PMID- 180621
TI  - Cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme in an adult.
AB  - One of the few well documented cases of cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme in an
      adult is reported. In addition, to our knowledge, it is the first reported case
      in which the angiographic, pneumoencephalographic, nuclear scan and CAT data have
      been correlated. In this case the CAT scan proved the most sensitive in the
      demonstration of tumor.

PMID- 180622
TI  - The Pulfrich stereo-illusion as an index of optic nerve dysfunction.
AB  - A simple test based on the Pulfrich phenomenon may provide an indication of optic
      nerve dysfunction. When a small object swinging pendulum fashion is viewed
      binocularly by a person with one eye covered by a neutral density filter, the
      object appears to swing in an elliptical path. The patient with optic nerve
      dysfunction may see it this way without use of a filter. The Pulfrich theory is
      explained, clinical applications are discussed, and instructions for constructing
      a Pulfrich apparatus are given.

PMID- 180623
TI  - [Serum lipoproteins in pneumonia].

PMID- 180624
TI  - [Adrenergic receptors and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the regulation of
      hydrochloric acid secretion].

PMID- 180625
TI  - Chronic active hepatitis associated with cholangiocarcinoma.

PMID- 180626
TI  - In vitro perfusion of human reproductive organs.

PMID- 180627
TI  - New evidence for the activation of factor XII by epinephrine.

PMID- 180628
TI  - Two dimensional immunoelectrophoretic studies in anti-thrombin III deficiency.

PMID- 180629
TI  - [The low cholesterol diet: a shot in the dark in hereditary hypercholesteremia? A
      debate].

PMID- 180630
TI  - [Adenovirus epidemic in a military camp].

PMID- 180631
TI  - [Enzootic bovine leukaemia, diagnosis, distribution and control in the
      Netherlands (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of studies on the incidence of enzootic bovine leukaemia in the
      Netherlands from 1968 to 1975 inclusive are given. The serological methods used
      (fluorescent antibody technique, immunoperoxidase test, micro complement fixation
      test and gel diffusion test) were found to be of great value especially for the
      early diagnosis of the disease. Antibodies to bovine leukaemia virus are already
      detected long before the onset of persistent lymphocytosis. The results obtained
      so far with serological methods confirm earlier haematological findings that
      enzootic bovine leukaemia is non-existent in the Dutch Friesian-Holstein and
      Meuse-Rhine-IJssel breeds. The first cases of enzootic bovine leukaemia were
      observed in import cattle in 1970. The geographic distribution of farms
      exploiting import cattle in which the disease has been diagnosed is presented on
      chart 1. Methods used to control enzootic bovine leukaemia are briefly described.

PMID- 180632
TI  - Molecular mechanisms on carbonate, phosphate, and silica deposition in the living
      cell.

PMID- 180633
TI  - Inorganic medicinal chemistry.

PMID- 180634
TI  - [ESR studies on the action of ionizing radiation in biological media].

PMID- 180635
TI  - Late effects in the central nervous system. A study of biochemical alterations
      after local exposure of the rat brain to 2 krd.
AB  - The brain area of female rats three months of age was exposed to 2 krd of X-rays,
      and various biochemical parameters were retermined as well as NAD(H) in vivo
      fluorescence of the brain surface after time intervals from one day to 18 months.
      During the early period, an increase in the uptake of alpha-aminobutyrate (AIB)
      and a temporary depression in beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin activity followed
      by an activation at one month was seen. Somewhat later, acid phosphatase
      increases. During the intermediate period, DNA and serotonin content and AIB
      uptake by brain increase, whereas AIB uptake by heart and muscle decreases. A
      fall in sialic acid content is also noted at this time. During the late phase
      collagen increases, AIB uptake by brain and liver decreases. No changes were
      found with respect to NAD(H) fluorescence and its response to breathing of low
      oxygen concentrations.

PMID- 180636
TI  - Minimal collagenase digestion: amelioration of diabetes in the rat with
      transplantation of one dispersed neonatal pancreas.

PMID- 180637
TI  - The mode of action of thymic hormones and its relevance to T-cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 180638
TI  - [Induction of cell differentiation by ACTH in a monolayer culture of human fetal
      adrenal glands].
AB  - Investigations carried out testified to the fact that fibroblast-like cells in
      the monolayer culture of the human fetus adrenal glands are heterogenic. Under
      the effect of ACTH physiological doses nearly all of them are differentiated into
      specialized hormone-producing cells, the rest part - into fibroblasts.

PMID- 180639
TI  - Possibilities and limitations of ultrasonic diagnosis of space occupying lesions
      in internal medicine.
AB  - Possibilities and limitations of ultrasonic tumour diagnosis in internal medicine
      (thyroid gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, malignant lymphomas) are discussed on
      the basis of a five years experience with about 4,000 examinations a year. A real
      time and gray-scale technique is used. The accuracy of the presented ultrasonic
      findings is proven by comparative studies. Besides the well known advantages of
      ultrasonography the independence from contrast medias must be stressed in
      comparison to diagnostic radiology. The main limitations of ultrasonography are
      the impossibility of diagnosing tumours smaller than 1.5-2 cm and the absence of
      an ultrasonic pattern typical of malignancy. To establish a morphobiological
      diagnosis, ultrasonically guided fine needle biopsy has proved to be a reliable
      method.

PMID- 180640
TI  - Functioning malignant nonchromaffin paraganglioma of retroperitoneum with
      metastases.
AB  - A case is reported of a functioning, malignant nonchromaffin paraganglioma
      (chemodectoma) of the retroperitoneum with metastases in a seventeen-year-old
      boy. The literature is reviewed and the treatment modalities are discussed.

PMID- 180642
TI  - [Glomus tumor of the stomach].

PMID- 180641
TI  - Collagenase activity in tumors of the head and neck.

PMID- 180643
TI  - [Dynamics of changes in the activity of plasma lactate dehydrogenase,
      leucylarylamidase and GOT and GPT aminotransferases in poultry following damage
      to the organism caused by cadmium and tetrachloromethane].
AB  - In the experiments performed with broilers, after a per os application of
      tetrachloromethane and cadmium (Cd+2), the activity of lactate dehydrogenase
      (LDH), leucylarylamidase (LA), and the GOT and GPT amino transferase was
      determined in the blood plasm. By means of an electrophoretic division of the
      blood plasm of clinically healthy broilers one enzymatically active fraction of
      LA and LDH was ascertained. The injury caused to the organism of poultry by
      carbon tetrachloride and cadmium did not affect the heterogeneity of these two
      enzymes. After an application of tetrachloromethane (CCl4) in the dose of 8 and
      10 ml kg-1 the total activity of LDH and LA changed. The influence of cadmium on
      the organism in the total dose of 200 mg kg-1 resulted in the changed activity of
      LDH, GOT, and LA. From the results obtained it has been assumed that the examined
      activity of LDH, GOT, and LA can be utilized for the diagnosing of non-specific
      injuries of the organism of poultry.

PMID- 180644
TI  - [Marek's disease--characterization of the VUB-70 strain in vivo].
AB  - In the course of serial passaging of the strain of Marek's disease (MD) (VUB-70)
      in White Leghorns the author investigated the morbidity, mortality, development
      of the MD-specific changes, and the effect of sex on these indices, for the
      purpose of characterization of the biological properties of an isolated strain of
      MD in vivo. The incubation period lasted from 41 to 46 days p. inf. on the first
      day of life. Pullets showed greater sensitiveness towards infection not only
      through higher morbidity and mortality, but also due to a larger number of
      tumorous changes. In MD-positive animals the same proportion of macroscopic and
      microscopic changes was found. The average occurrence of Marek's disease amounted
      to 74.4 p. c. On the basis of the biological properties in vivo the VUB-70 strain
      was characterized as a medium pathogenic strain of the acute form of Marek's
      disease.

PMID- 180645
TI  - Pathogenesis of digestive tract lesions in duck plague.
AB  - White Pekin ducklings were inoculated orally with duck plague virus. Tissues from
      the digestive tract were collected daily after inoculation and examined by light,
      electron and fluorescent microscopy. There were necrosis and degeneration of
      stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus and cloaca, epithelium of
      intestinal crypt and esophageal submucosal glands, macrophages in the lamina
      propria, and submucosal fibrocytes and lymphocytes. Submucosal hemorrhages
      occurred after degeneration and necrosis of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibrocytes
      and epithelial cells. Viral antigens were detected in all these cells by use of
      fluorescein-labeled antibodies. With the electron microscope, nucleocapsids were
      seen in the nuclei, budding through the inner nuclear membrane; enveloped virions
      were present in cytoplasmic vacuoles  of macrophages, epithelial cells and
      fibrocytes. In lymphocytes, nucleocapsids were also in the nuclei, but
      karyorrhexis and cytolysis occurred before viral maturation was completed.

PMID- 180646
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in bovine lingual epithelium infected with vesicular
      stomatitis virus.
AB  - Vesicular stomatitis virus was inoculated into the dorsal lingual epithelium of
      three cows. The reaction that developed in 72 h was characterized by severe acute
      diffuse glossitis with intercellular edema and necrosis of keratinocytes. Virions
      budded from the plasma membrane and were in the intercellular spaces.
      Reduplication of desmosomes was a prominent alteration, and normal desmosomes
      were within the cytoplasm. Intracytoplasmic desmosomes appeared to be formed by
      endocytosis after breaks occurred in the plasma membrane of one cell; endocytosis
      of loops of plasma membrane containing desmosomes; and formation of desmosomes on
      invagination of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 180647
TI  - Neuromuscular lesions in restrained rabbits.
AB  - Ten of 16 rabbits restrained 6 h daily for 35 days developed focal to diffuse
      degeneration of the sciatic nerves. Very small necrotic areas also were found in
      the skeletal muscles of seven of 16 rabbits, but the muscle lesions did not
      correlate with the nerve changes.

PMID- 180648
TI  - Feline intestinal adenocarcinoma. A clinicopathologic study of 22 cases.
AB  - Twenty-two cases of intestinal adenocarcinoma were diagnosed in an 11-year survey
      of 3145 feline necropsies. Histologically, tumors were grouped into four classes:
      (1) carcinoma with solid groups of cells, (2) adenocarcinoma with solid and
      acinar cells, (3) papillary adenocarcinoma, and (4) mucinous adenocarcinoma.
      Tumors were commonest in the ileum. Connective tissue, as well as epithelial
      metaplasia, were associated more often in this group of intestinal
      adenocarcinomas nomas than seen before. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of muscular
      layers of the unaffected sections of intestines were seen in most of the small
      bowel and in half of the large bowel carcinomas in this series.

PMID- 180649
TI  - Naturally-occurring Sendai virus infection of athymic nude mice.
AB  - Nude (nu/nu) mice, Balb/c-derived, responded to a naturally-occurring Sendai
      virus infection in a different manner than conventional mice. They developed a
      chronic debilitating disease and a persistent viral infection of the respiratory
      tract with intranuclear inclusion bodies in tracheal, bronchial and bronchiolar
      epithelial cells, laryngeal and tracheal glandular epithelium and in type I and
      II alveolar cells. The infection was identified by serologic and tissue culture
      studies, the mouse antibody production test and ultrastructural examination of
      pulmonary lesions. Phlebitis of pulmonary veins, suppurative rhinitis and otitis
      media accompanied the viral infection while some mice developed a secondary
      bronchopneumonia.

PMID- 180650
TI  - Meningoencephalomyelitis in horses associated with equine herpesvirus 1
      infection.
AB  - During an outbreak of abortion caused by equine herpesvirus 1, a neurologic
      disease characterized clinically by dullness and ataxia occurred in several
      mares. Equine herpesvirus 1 was isolated from brain and lung of two severely
      affected mares. Histologically, both mares had disseminated
      meningoencephalomyelitis characterized by necrotizing arteritis, focal malacia in
      grey and white matter of brain and spinal cord, and accumulation of lymphocytes
      and neutrophils in paravertebral ganglia. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion
      bodies occurred in foci of necrosis in thyroid adenomas of both mares.

PMID- 180651
TI  - Glomerulonephritis caused by murine cytomegalovirus. Potentiation by
      antithymocyte serum.
AB  - Murine cytomegalovirus was found to be highly nephrotropic in mice treated with
      antithymocyte serum. The earliest histologic change was characteristic
      intranuclear inclusions in the glomerular endothelial cells. This change was
      followed by an eosinophilic thickening of the glomerular capillary loops. In
      later stages, proliferation of capsular epithelial cells and glomerular sclerosis
      was prominent. Tubular casts were present, and perivascular lymphoid aggregations
      were seen in the medulla and juxtamedullary section 56 days after inoculation. No
      conspicuous lesions occurred in uninfected mice treated with antithymocyte serum
      or in untreated infected mice. The possible mechanisms of the renal lesions are
      discussed.

PMID- 180652
TI  - Disseminated necrotizing myeloencephalitis: a herpes-associated neurological
      disease of horses.
AB  - Equine viral rhinopneumonitis type I virus was isolated from spinal cord and
      brain of a paraparetic horse with disseminated necrotizing myeloencephalitis.
      Necrotic arteriolitis,nonsuppurative necrotizing myeloencephalitis and Gasserian
      ganglioneuritis were present. On record were 12 more cases of horses with similar
      lesions. The horses had been ataxic or paretic for up to several weeks. A field
      survey indicated that 14 of 24 horses with acute myelitic signs developed them
      after recent exposure to respiratory disease.

PMID- 180653
TI  - Gnotobiotic piglets experimentally infected with neonatal calf diarrhoea reovirus
      like agent (Rotavirus).
AB  - Gnotobiotic piglets were infected with a strain of rotavirus that had been
      isolated from a calf and passaged four times in piglets. The resulting disease
      was studied by light and electron microscopy at 21, 44 and 68 h after
      inoculation. In the small intestine infection caused desquamation of the
      epithelial cells of the villi resulting in severe stunting. There was severe
      damage to microvilli and accumulation of lipid within the cytoplasm. Virus
      particles were seen in epithelial cells covering the stunted villi. Infection
      also caused desquamation of the superficial epithelial cells of the stomach
      mucosa and of the epithelial cells of the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli of
      the lungs.

PMID- 180654
TI  - Comparison of methods for diagnosis of rotavirus infection of calves.

PMID- 180655
TI  - Intranuclear inclusions in a myopathy of late onset.
AB  - Filamentous intranuclear inclusions in a case of myopathy of late onset are
      described. The filaments were usually in parallel array although occasionally
      they were haphazardly arranged in bundles ranging up to 5 mu in length. The
      filaments were approximately 120 A in diameter and were separated by a space
      measuring 180-220 A. Possible explanations of their occurrence in the nucleoplasm
      are discussed, including possible origin from the cytoplasm as a result of
      invagination of nuclear membrane and intranuclear entrapment of myofibrils from
      the cytoplasm. Their appearance does not suggest any recognizable structure such
      as myofilaments or virus. It is possible that the filaments are protein newly
      synthesized as a direct result of virus infection with invasion of the nuclei of
      the muscle cell.

PMID- 180656
TI  - Lamellated bodies in the neurons of the submucosal ganglia in the sphincter of
      Oddi of the dog.
AB  - Peculiar neurons and nerve processes, which contained remarkable amounts of
      lamellated, electron-dense bodies, "myeloid bodies", are described. They were
      found among normal looking neurons in the submucosal ganglia of the sphincteric
      musculature of Oddi. The innervation and ultrastructure of the ganglia were
      studied in apparently healthy, young dogs bred for experimental purposes. The
      possible function of these neurons and processes is discussed.

PMID- 180657
TI  - Oligonucleotide mapping of picornavirus RNAs by two-dimensional electrophoresis.

PMID- 180658
TI  - Observations on the membrane organization of standard and incomplete influenza
      grown in MDBK cells.

PMID- 180659
TI  - Inhibition of avian sarcoma virus replication by glucosamine: a specific effect
      on the synthesis and processing of viral proteins.

PMID- 180660
TI  - Fate of parental herpesvirus DNA.

PMID- 180661
TI  - Evidence for the multiple oncogenic potential of cloned leukemia virus: in vitro
      and in vitro studies with avian erythroblastosis virus.

PMID- 180663
TI  - A pseudorabies virus-specific sulfated moiety.

PMID- 180662
TI  - Interferon production in L cells persistently infected with hemagglutinating
      virus of Japan (HVJ).

PMID- 180664
TI  - DNA homologies between strains of herpes simplex virus.

PMID- 180665
TI  - Chromosomal DNA replication: retarded fork progression and altered initiation in
      cells infected with mengovirus or Newcastle disease virus.

PMID- 180666
TI  - Isolation of two forms of SV40 nucleoprotein containing RNA polymerase from
      infected monkey cells.

PMID- 180667
TI  - Multiple steps during the interaction between coliphage lambda and its receptor
      protein in vitro.

PMID- 180668
TI  - Properties of the multicapsid virions of murine cytomegalovirus.

PMID- 180669
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infectivity: analysis of the phenomenon of centrifugal
      enhancement of infectivity.

PMID- 180670
TI  - A novel type of cellular variant with altered expression of virus-induced cell
      transformation.

PMID- 180671
TI  - Propagation of simian virus 40 in a human cell line.

PMID- 180673
TI  - Production of testosterone by prostate and other peripheral tissues in man.

PMID- 180672
TI  - Effects of hormone-cytostatic complexes on the rat ventral prostate in vivo and
      in vitro.

PMID- 180674
TI  - Steroid hormone receptors: a survey.

PMID- 180675
TI  - Testosterone receptors in the prostate and other tissues.

PMID- 180676
TI  - Androgen binding and transport in testis and epididymis.

PMID- 180677
TI  - Androgen receptors and androgen-dependent initiation of protein synthesis in the
      prostate.

PMID- 180678
TI  - Androgen receptors in the rat ventral prostate and their hormonal control.

PMID- 180679
TI  - Myo-inositol lipids.

PMID- 180680
TI  - Hormonal regulation of cartilage growth and metabolism.

PMID- 180683
TI  - [Melanotic progonoma of the skull].

PMID- 180681
TI  - Hormonal effects on cell proliferation in rat prostate.

PMID- 180682
TI  - Steroid hormone receptors.

PMID- 180684
TI  - [Radiation therapy of patients with inoperable cancer of the pancreas].
AB  - Radiotherapy was employed in 60 patients, symptomatic treatment--in 10 patients
      with pancreatic cancer, 9 of them had the disease in stage III. Radiotherapy,
      using betatron 25 Mev, was conducted by a longitudinal method, distant
      gammatherapy--through a wolfram and the radiation source focused grid. Single
      focal dosage was 150--200 rad, total--5000--8000 rad. The treatment proved to be
      uneffective in 31.7 per cent of patients.

PMID- 180686
TI  - [The syndrome of caudal displacement of the brain stem].

PMID- 180685
TI  - [Chemotherapy of trophoblastic disease].

PMID- 180687
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the finding of the causative agents of food poisoning in
      food products].

PMID- 180688
TI  - [Experimental data on the virological study of pasteurized milk].
AB  - Virological analyses of sterile milk per se enabled the poliovirus to be
      disclosed with a concentration of 30 infection units in 1 ml. To determine such
      doses of the viruses in pasteurized milk the viruses have to be concentrated, for
      prior to cytopathogenic manifestations subsequent to these viral doses there
      occurs bacterial germination. In achieving poliovirus concentration in
      pasteurized milk are suitable polyethyleneglycol, molecular weight 15 000, and
      polyvinylpyrolidon, molecular weight 10 000, in a 10% concentration. Dilution of
      milk with Hanks' solution in the ratio of 1:4 and 1:9 improves the process of the
      poliovirus sorption-eluation with the polymer, enabling it to detect 3 BOU of the
      virus in 1 ml of milk. The AB-17-8 anionite and Ky-21-8 cationite are capable of
      adequately sorbing the poliovirus in pasteurized milk, but it is only from the
      cationite, and then only in a small amount, that eluation of the virus can be
      accomplished.

PMID- 180689
TI  - [Polyadenylic acid sequence in viral RNA].

PMID- 180690
TI  - [Immunologic study of suspension cultures prepared from hematopoietic organ cells
      of baboons with lymphoma].
AB  - The cytoplasmic antigen was determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test
      using serum from a Burkitt lymphoma patient with a titer of antibody to Epstein
      Barr virus capsid antigen of 1.320, in the cytoplasm of 2--6% of cells of
      suspension cultures obtained from baboons with lymphoma. There was a correlation
      between the number of antigen-containing cells in this cultures and the number of
      cells in which herpes virus was determined by electron microscope studies. Sera
      from baboons with lymphoma from which the suspensions cultures had been prepared
      contained high titers of antibody to herpes virus of baboons (HVB) and to Epstein
      Barr virus (EBV). Specific differences between the antigens produced in the
      cultures by HVB and EBV were minimal, indicating their immunological similarity.
      Lymphoblastoid cultures prepared from hemopoietic organs of baboons with lymphoma
      belong to B cell type.

PMID- 180691
TI  - [Effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose on enterovirus reproduction in HEp-2 cell cultures].
AB  - The influence of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) on reproduction of some enteroviruses
      was  studied. When 2DG was added to carbohydrate-free medium. It exerted a marked
      inhibiting effect on reproduction of poliovirus type I (virulent and attenuated
      variants) and Coxsackie B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6 viruses. The agent was inactive for
      virulent and attenuated poliomyelitis type II viruses. Poliomyelitis type III and
      Coxsackie B4 viruses were shown to be incable of multiplication in carbohydrate
      free medium when the maintenance medium in cell cultures was lactalbumin
      hydrolysate in Hank's solution without-glucose. The inhibiting effect of 2DG on
      sensitive enteroviruses was irreversible and manifest at a concentration as low
      as 0.1 mg/ml. The effect of the agent was directed to the active stages of
      intracellular enterovirus synthesis. The possible mechanism of inhibition of
      enterovirus reproduction in the presence of 2DG is discussed.

PMID- 180692
TI  - [Comparative antigenic analysis of J-96 cell oncornavirus and Mason-Pfizer virus
      from a spontaneous monkey mammary tumor].
AB  - A comparative study of the antigenic structure of oncornavirus of J-96 cells and
      Mason-Pfizer virus (M-PVM) isolated from cells of M. rhesus spontaneous mammary
      tumour was carried out using immunodiffusion in agar, immune autoradiography and
      indirect immunofluorescence procedures. Immune rabbit serum to disrupted J-96
      virus detected by agar immunodiffusion in preparations or purified virus three
      soluble antigens one of which was identical to group-specific M-PVM antigen.

PMID- 180693
TI  - [Obesity in correlation with nutrition in representative settlements of the
      industrial-agrarian complex in Burgas].
AB  - The authors investigated the obesity incidence in connection with nutrition
      factors in 13 representative settlements of Industry-Agrarian Complex Burgas.
      They established that obesity covers 42,4 per cent of the population above the
      age of 14 and is 1,5 times more often among females as compared with males. The
      correlation among youths (age 14-25), mature aged subjects (26-50) and advanced
      aged ones (over 51) is 1:5,5:4,5. The light I and II stages prevail (88,6 per
      cent of all the cases) and the majority of the "pure" cases of obesity (73,6 per
      cent) have no complains.

PMID- 180694
TI  - Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma presenting as pericardial effusion with tamponade.

PMID- 180695
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties and surgical treatment of hormonally active pancreatic
      insulomas].

PMID- 180696
TI  - [Case of poliomyelitis in the mother of a child vaccinated against
      poliomyelitis].

PMID- 180697
TI  - [Case of Jacod-Negri syndrome].

PMID- 180698
TI  - [The clinical significance of the radioimmunological determination of plasma ACTH
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical significance of the direct determination of plasma ACTH was
      investigated in healthy persons and in patients with primary or secondary
      adrenocortical insufficiency, with Cushing's syndrome or with acromegaly. The
      sensitivity of the radioimmunological method facilitated the detection of diurnal
      changes in plasma ACTH in healthy subjects and of variations in plasma ACTH after
      the administration of dexamethasone and glucagon. The determination of plasma
      ACTH appears to be a useful procedure of diagnostic value in patients suffering
      from primary adrenal insufficiency accompanied by high concentrations of plasma
      ACTH. However, in patients suffering from Cushing's syndrome or secondary
      adrenocortical insufficiency it is still essential to carry out the dexamethasone
      suppression test or the metopiron test, respectively.

PMID- 180699
TI  - [Morphological aspects of organic brain syndromes (author's transl)].
AB  - Organic psychoses are caused by a variety of disorders. In general, they are due
      to diffuse dysfunction of the brain without any specific anatomical basis, but
      they may be modified by disorders of some distinct neuronal systems as a result
      of local accentuation of a dissuse morbid process or localized brain damage.
      Acute organic psychoses are usually caused by disorders of the blood-brain
      barrier (cerebral oedema), acute neuronal dysfunction of disorders of synaptic
      transmission. Acute lesions may be reversible or terminate in stationary
      defective states or progressive neuronal degeneration. In late stages, the
      anatomical sequelae of the basic process and of secondary lesions are hardly to
      be separated. The non-specificity and inconsistency of brain lesions is
      demonstrated in chronic alcoholic psychoses. In senile organic psychoses there
      are quantitative correlations between psychopathological, neurophysiological
      (slowing of the basic rhythm) and morphological changes, mainly characterized by
      loss of neurons and synaptic contacts. Vascular syndromes are often over
      diagnosed clinically. Localized mental syndromes are non-specific, but show
      characteristic locations, as they are commonly associated with dysfunction of
      neuronal systems engaged in storing and recall of information (frontobasal region
      and limbic system). Further detailed studies are needed in order to achieve
      better correlation between specific features of behavioural and intellectual
      defects and anatomical location and quantitiy of lesions.

PMID- 180700
TI  - [Letter: Final comment on "Acupuncture analgesia--mypnotism and hysteria" and
      further comments, stimulated by M. Kogel].

PMID- 180701
TI  - [Special procedures for the differential diagnosis of various forms of
      hypertension].

PMID- 180702
TI  - [Late paresis of peripheral nerves].

PMID- 180703
TI  - [Acute respiratory tract infections--virological problems].

PMID- 180704
TI  - [Paraneoplastic hypoglycemia in malignant histiocytoma].

PMID- 180706
TI  - Histophysiologic response of the pituitary-inertrenal system to salicylate and
      adrenocorticotropin in catfish, Heteropneustes iossilis (Bloch).
AB  - The interrenal and pituitary cells showed increase in nuclear diameter eight days
      after treatment with ACTH, salicylate or salicylate + ACTH. After ACTH treatment,
      however, the cytoplasm in the interrenal cells was granular. Similarly, the lead
      haematoxylin positive (PbH + ve) cells in the rostral pars distalis also showed
      partial depletion of stainable granules after ACTH treatment. Salicylate or
      salicylate ACTH caused depletion of cytoplasmic material in both the interrenal
      as well as PbH + ve cells.

PMID- 180707
TI  - Effect of ACTH and bilateral gonadectomy on the adrenocortical tissue of an air
      breathing fish -- Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).
AB  - The mammalian ACTH (20 I.U.) injected in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) caused
      hyperplasia of the adrenocortical tissue. The interrenal as well as chrome cells
      became vacuolated. The interrenal nuclear size increased by 15% as an average
      than the control fishes. The glycogen granules were found to be absent from the
      interrenal cells. The effect of bilateral gonadectomy in both sexes has been
      marked in the gradual decrease of the interrenal nuclear diameter which 12 weeks
      after the operation, recorded nearly 25% reduction in size. The glycogen content
      was reduced considerably. Removal of gonads during maturation period bringing
      inhibition of hyperplasia of the gland at the time of spawning possibly indicates
      action of gonadal steroids on the physiological alterations of the interrenal
      cells.

PMID- 180705
TI  - Induction of tumors in the stomach and nervous system of the ACI/N rat by
      continuous oral administration of 1-methyl-3-acetyl-1-nitrosourea.
AB  - Three groups of ACI/N rats of both sexes received continuous administration of 66
      (Group I), 30 Group II), or 13(Group III) ppm solution of 1-methyl-3-acetyl-1
      nitrosourea (Ac-MNU) in their drinking water. Tumors were found most frequently
      in the stomach and nervous system. The former was more frequently found in the
      male than in the female. The incidence was highest in males of Group II, 28/30
      (93%), and lowest in females of Group I, 4/30 (13%). Histologically, all
      epithelial tumors of the stomach were benign adenomas except 5 adenocarcinomas.
      Neurogenous tumors were more frequently seen in the female than in the male. The
      incidence was highest in females of Group I, 29/30 (97%), and lowest in males of
      Group III, 6/28 (21%). The tumors were predominant in the central nervous system,
      especially in the hemispheres. Transplantation studies were done in some of these
      tumors. Although gastric tumors failed to get positive transplantation, all the
      neurogenous tumors transplanted were positive.

PMID- 180708
TI  - [The occurence of Psammom bodies in the thyroid gland of aged rats].
AB  - The author examined the thyroid glands of 52 aged (18 to 30 months old) and 14
      young (6 months old) male rats with histophysiological methods. By means of light
      microscopical examinations he observed laminated colloid, i.e. psammom bodies
      which contained calcium and iron, in the follicles of the thyroid glands of the
      old rats. Founding himself upon data of the literature, he deals with the
      questions of the occurrence and origin of the psammom bodies. Relying on his own
      examinations he is of the opinion that in the case of animals involution and
      dystrophic of a certain degree connected with senescence calls forth on oedema
      which and besides also the adenomas occurring in greater numbers means a disorder
      of the metabolic processes taking place in the thyroid gland and a possibility of
      the formation of psammom bodies. Eventually, in the authors opinion it cannot be
      stated with certainty -- at least in the case of animals -- that there is a close
      relationship between the occurrence of psammom bodies and the neoplasma.

PMID- 180710
TI  - Assessing skeletal maturity by inspection and bone-specific methods with the
      atlas of greulich & pyle.

PMID- 180709
TI  - [Enzyme histochemical studies on the macula and Goormaghtigh cells of the guinea
      pig kidney].
AB  - Starting from the ultrastructural differences observed between the
      juxtaglomerular apparatus of the rat and that--only very rarely analysed--of the
      guinea pig kidney, the authors supposed that enzymhistochemical differences might
      also exist. This hypothesis could be confirmed by the results obtained in the
      Macula densa- and the Goormaghtigh-cells (Tab. 1 and 2). Indeed, in both places
      the Isocitrate dehydrogenase- and the Malate dehydrogenase-activities are
      stronger in the guinea pig than in the rat. On the other hand, the Glucose-6
      phosphate and the 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenases show clearly weaker
      activities in the guinea pig Macula-cells compared with those of the rat, where
      these two enzymes give by far the strongest reaction. Metabolic differences might
      be related to the described diversities of the enzyme equipment.

PMID- 180712
TI  - [Effect of corticosteroids on the hypothalamo-reticulo-limbic formations in the
      brain].

PMID- 180711
TI  - [Role of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal region and the sympathoadrenal system in
      body reactions in extreme (stress) situations].

PMID- 180713
TI  - Aldosteronism.

PMID- 180714
TI  - [Active "negative" guidance in endocrine regulation?].

PMID- 180715
TI  - [Behavior of 3',5' cyclic AMP in the serum of patients with terminal kidney
      failure, in chronically hemodialyzed patients and in patients with kidney
      transplants].

PMID- 180716
TI  - [Effect of dopamine on the intrarenal cAMP concentration].

PMID- 180717
TI  - [Cyclic AMP and renin secretion following furosemide, beta-sympathicolysis and
      amitryptiline].

PMID- 180719
TI  - [Significance of Auer-rods for the prognosis of acute leukemia].

PMID- 180718
TI  - [Changes in plasma catecholamine concentration and cyclic AMP secretion following
      beta-blockade in essential hypertension].

PMID- 180720
TI  - [Arginase and carbamyl phosphate synthase activities in chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 180721
TI  - [Control of implanted cardiac pacemakers through patient-owned test devices].

PMID- 180722
TI  - [Membrane specificity for hormones].

PMID- 180723
TI  - [The so-called amaurotic idiocies. Clinical, morphological and biochemical
      findings as a basis for modern classification].
AB  - First of all seven of our own thoroughly investigated cases of so-called
      amaurotic idiocies are presented, they are two infantile, two juvenile, two late
      infantile one, as well as one adult case. The two infantile cases represent the
      typ of a GM2-gangliosidosis: with cerebral symptoms and cherry-red spot in the
      macula they correspond clinically to the typical picture of Tay-Sachs disease.
      Lightmicroscopically they show neuronal storage, electronmicroscopically a
      deposition of "membranous cytoplasmic bodies" and biochemically a strong increase
      in ganglioside GM2. The two juvenile cases correspond in their symptoms and
      findings to the so-called ceroid-lipofuscinoses or "Myoclonic variant of
      amaurotic idiocy", respectively. Clinically most remarkable is the deterioration
      of vision caused by retinitis-pigmentosa-like changes of the fundus, which sets
      in at the beginning of the disease and precedes the cerebral symptoms by years.
      The extinguished electroretinogramm corresponds in the histological retina
      findings to a severe lesion of the layer of rods and cones in the sense of a
      tapeto-retinal degeneration. Neuropathologically finegranular, Sudan-Black-B- and
      PAS-positive material is mainly but not exclusively stored in the neurons. The
      electronmicroscope shows them to be lipofuscin-like inclusions, as well as
      "curvilinear" or "fingerprint-bodies". Depositions are also to be found in
      astrocytes and in the cells of the vascular walls. The ganglioside pattern is
      normal in the brain tissue of the biochemically investigated case. Of the two
      late infantile cases the first represents a GM2-gangliosidosis, the second one
      corresponds to the ceroid-lipofuscinosis. The adult patient, who suffered from an
      ill-defined psychiatric disease and died at the age of 51 presents a
      diagnostically problematic case, showing a relatively slight, regionally rather
      differently accentuated intraneuronal storage of granular material and
      biochemically a slight increase in ganglioside GM2. On discussing our own
      findings and commenting on the relevant literature various aspects of amaurotic
      idiocies are considered, such as genetics, neuropsychiatry, ophthalmology,
      pathomorphology and biochemistry. In this respect special attention is paid to
      the pathomorphological substrate documented, as localization, degree and kind of
      tissue changes determine the clinical picture. This is also the case for the
      correlation between the findings of the different fields, so e.g. concerning the
      ophthalmological findings it is shown, that in gangliosidoses with preserved ERG
      histologically a storage in the nerve cells of the ganglion cell-layer only is to
      be found, where as the ceroid-lipofuscinoses with early onset of deterioration of
      vision and extinguished ERG in the histological picture of the retina show an
      additional severe lesion of the layer of rods and cones...

PMID- 180724
TI  - [Malignant chemodectoma of the larynx].

PMID- 180725
TI  - [Vesico-ureteral reflux].

PMID- 180726
TI  - [Cystic insulinoma].

PMID- 180727
TI  - Poliovirus antibody differentiation. Methods and application for strain specific
      diagnosis in complications after oral vaccination.
AB  - Differentiation both of cf. and neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus seems
      to be a suitable method for the discrimination of the causative virus strain
      either wild type or attenuated- of the clinical disease. Antibody differentiation
      is not only a completion of the virus strain differentiation methods (marker
      tests) but is especially of value in those cases in which no virus could be
      obtained for characterization, when indemnity claims for vaccination incidents
      are to be evaluated.

PMID- 180729
TI  - Adenovirus infection in lambs. I. Epizootiology of the disease.

PMID- 180728
TI  - Varicella-zoster antibodies in adult patient with haemoblastoses.
AB  - Indirect haemagglutination (IH) antibodies to varicella-zoster (VZ) virus were
      investigated, under the identical conditions of a single experiment, in a group
      of patients with haemoblastoses and 80 normal adults of equal age groups.
      Statistical significance of the differences in VZ antibody geometric mean titres
      between the individual haemoblastoses and normal controls was examined by means
      of variance analysis. A significantly raised mean titre was still found in the
      Hodgkin's disease group.

PMID- 180730
TI  - [Possibility of isolation of herpes simplex virus from patients with cervical
      cancer].

PMID- 180731
TI  - [Premature and usual periods of "rapid" sleep during attacks of diurnal
      narcolepsy].
AB  - The authors studied some psychophysiological characteristics of precocious and
      usual periods of rapid sleep in 17 patients with polysymptomatic narcolepsy
      during 92 attacks of day sleep. Precocious rapid sleep duffers from usual one in
      an inclusion into the dream content the experimental situations and their
      emotional saturation. The patients underestimated the duration of sleep and were
      unsatisfied by its quality. These differences indicate to a functional
      interconnection of rapid sleep with delta-sleep in the process of brain
      integration of information and assist to understand the pathogenesis of some
      traits of narcolepsy.

PMID- 180732
TI  - [Neuro-humoral mechanisms of development of Itsenko-Cushing disease (review of
      the literature)].

PMID- 180733
TI  - Regulation of calcium transport by cyclic AMP. A proposed mechanism for the beta
      adrenergic control of myocardial contractility.

PMID- 180735
TI  - Cytologic changes in an ovarian thecoma.

PMID- 180734
TI  - On the occurrence of lipoprotein-x in non-hemolytic jaundice.
AB  - In cholestasis, serum lipids are altered. The alterations could at least
      partially be ascribed to the occurrence of an abnormal lipoprotein, LP-X. In 103
      patients with jaundice, out of whom 16 had extra-hepatic cholestasis, the
      presence of LP-X was tested and semi-quantificated (by visual grading) utilizing
      an immunological technique. In extra-hepatic cholestasis, all patients showed LP
      X in serum, while in intra-hepatic drug-induced cholestasis 87% revealed this
      phenomenon. At the initial stage of acute hepatitis, in drug-induced cholestasis,
      and in extra-hepatic cholestasis, the semi-quantificated LP-X correlated with
      alkaline phosphatase values. In extra-hepatic cholestasis, LP-X disappeared soon
      after the obstruction was relieved by operation.

PMID- 180736
TI  - Seminal vesicle epithelium in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of the prostate as
      a pitfall in the cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma.
AB  - The morphologic features of seminal vesicle epithelial cells were studied in a
      material of ca 3,300 fine-needle aspiration biopsies of the prostate. Seminal
      vesicle material was considered to be found in 50 cases. The most usual and
      distinctive features in seminal vesicle epithelial cells were yellowish-brown
      cytoplasmic pigment granules and large hyperchromatic polyploid nuclei.
      Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, nuclear folding and prominent nucleoli were
      observed in approximately one third of the cases. Seminal vesicle secretion and
      stromal cells were seen in most cases, spermatozoa less frequently. The
      recognition of seminal vesicle epithelial cells in fine-needle aspiration
      biopsies of the prostate is considered to be important in the avoidance of
      cytodiagnostic errors.

PMID- 180738
TI  - Co-existent primary hypothyroidism and isolated ACTH deficiency.
AB  - A 52 year old man is described in whom the simultaneous occurrence of isolated
      adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) deficiency and primary hypothyroidism was documented
      by the determination of six anterior pituitary hormones by specific
      radioimmunoassays after suitable stimulations. The urinary 17
      hydroxycorticosteroids excretion was persistently reduced and was increased by
      repeated ACTH injections. The low basal metabolic rate, reduced serum thyroid
      hormones and elevated serum thyrotrophic  hormone were consistent with primary
      hypothyroidism. After resumption of euthyroidism, secretory reserves of growth
      hormone and ACTH were assessed. The growth hormone reponse to insulin-induced
      hypoglycaemic was normal. No rise in plasma cortisol and ACTH was observed
      following insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Plasma ACTH was not augmented by iv
      infusion of metyrapone. The pathogenesis of two co-existent endocrine
      deficiencies was discussed.

PMID- 180737
TI  - Cytologic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix uteri.
AB  - Cytologic characteristics of three cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the
      cervix uteri are reviewed. The clusters of malignant cells tend to form large
      acini and mimic the pattern seen in histologic sections. The resemblance to cells
      of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is noted. When the acinar pattern is
      recognized in cervical smears, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervix may be
      suspected.

PMID- 180739
TI  - The importance of growth hormone and liothyronine in induced hypocalcaemia in
      hypophysectomized animals.
AB  - The resistance to hypocalcaemia induced by synthetic salmon calcitonin (SCT) was
      studied in intact and hypophysectomized rats. The recovery from hypocalcaemia was
      greatly impaired in the latter group, but this was normalised by small doses of
      purified human growth hormone (GH). The initial hypocalcaemic response to SCT was
      delayed in the hypophysectomized rats. This was not affected by treatment with
      GH, but normalised by substitution with liothyronine. We conclude that GH
      accelerates the recovery from hypocalcaemia in hypophysectomized animals, perhaps
      by a stimulation of parathyroid activity, while thyroid hormone accelerates the
      initial hypocalcaemic response to SCT, probably by restoring the reduced rate of
      bone resorption.

PMID- 180741
TI  - Plasma aldosterone concentrations related to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
AB  - Plasma aldosterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentrations were
      measured in 35 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia resulting from 21
      hydroxylase deficiency. Ten patients had never been treated and among them were 4
      salt-losing infants. Both aldosterone and 17-OHP were high in the 6 untreated non
      salt-losers. The values ranged respectively from 110 to 376 pg/ml and from 150 to
      292 ng/ml. Results were variable in the 4 salt-losers. Three out of 5 untreated
      non salt-losers who were submitted to a low sodium diet, responded by doubling
      their aldosterone levels. When plasma 17-OHP concentrations were less than 30
      ng/ml, the mean aldosterone level in the treated non salt-losers (n=6) was 15.3
      pg/ml +/- 4.3 (SE). This value was not different from the mean level found in the
      control children (n=7), 18.8 pg/ml +/- 3.2. In the treated salt-losers (n=9), the
      measured aldosterone levels were less than or equal to 10 pg/ml 7 times out of 9.
      When the treated patients exhibited plasma 17-OHP concentrations greater than 30
      ng/ml, the salt-losers (n=11) were distinguished from the non salt-losers (n=8)
      in that they showed as significantly lower aldosterone mean level, 24.6 pg/ml +/-
      4.3 against 69 pg/ml +/- 13.4 found in the non salt-losers. The salt-losers
      displayed no aldosterone increases to synthetic ACTH stimulation under treatment
      or at the withdrawal of treatment, while positive aldosterone responses were
      often observed in the non salt-losers. In the latter group, studied under
      different conditions (with and without therapy, on low sodium diet, after ACTH
      test) a significant correlation was found between aldosterone and 17-OHP levels
      expressed in log. values, (n=38, r=0.80, P less than 0.001). The relationship
      could also be established with the values obtained from all the salt-losers, but
      it was less significant, (n=35, r=0.46, P less than 0.02).

PMID- 180740
TI  - In vitro synthesis of steroids by a feminising adrenocortical carcinoma: effect
      of prolactin and other protein hormones.
AB  - The study describes the effects of ACTH, prolactin and other protein hormones on
      the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones by tissue from a feminising
      adrenocortical carcinoma removed from a post-menopausal female. Steroid
      production by the tissue was determined by high resolution-mass fragmentography
      and by radioimmunoassay. Prolactin and ACTH stimulated the synthesis of estrogens
      by the tissue whereas GH, LH and ACTH were more effective than prolactin in
      stimulating androgen synthesis. The effect of protein hormones, other than ACTH,
      on adenylate cyclase activity of this tumour tissue indicated a lack of
      specificity of the membrane receptor sites.

PMID- 180742
TI  - Effects of ACTH and its O-nitrophenyl sulphenyl derivative on adrenocortical
      function in vivo.
AB  - Both ACTH and NPS-ACTH in which the single tryptophan residue of the hormone is
      modified were able to stimulate adrenal corticosterone concentration to the same
      extent in hypophysectomized rats, although a higher dose of NPS-ACTH was
      required. ACTH stimulated adrenal cyclic AMP levels 120-fold in hypophysectomized
      rats whereas NPS-ACTH caused a marginal increase. In the case of ACTH, low doses
      of the hormone capable of producing maximal stimulation of corticosterone
      synthesis did not produce any detectable change in cyclic AMP concentration. The
      rates of secretion of corticosterone induced by ACTH and NPS-ACTH in vivo were
      the same. NPS-ACTH was found to be 1.2% as potent as ACTH. The role of cyclic AMP
      in adrenal repair was investigated by administering equipotent doses of ACTH or
      NPS-ACTH to hypophysectomized rats. In adult rats both failed to produce a
      significant increase in adrenal weight. Adrenal function (measured by
      responsiveness to exogenous ACTH in vitro) was restored by NPS-ACTH but not to
      the same degree as ACTH. In hypophysectomized weanling rats, ACTH produced a
      small but significant increase in adrenal weight but NPS-ACTH did not. These
      results suggest that an increase in adrenal cyclic AMP may not be obligatory for
      the stimulation of steroidogenesis by ACTH and that some of the trophic actions
      of the hormone may be mediated by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 180744
TI  - Review article: mechanism of action of female sex steroids.

PMID- 180743
TI  - Ultrastructure of the Gunn rat substantia nigra I. Cytoplasmic changes.
AB  - The substantia nigra of various aged hyperbilirubinemic (Gunn) rats was studied
      by means of electron microscopy. The cytological features observed in the
      neuronal somata were the presence of (1) complex membranous bodies (CMBs), (2)
      dilated cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum, (3) single membrane bound
      vacuoles and (4) enlarged mitochondria. Nearly every neuronal soma studied in two
      week old Gunn rats contained CMBs, which consisted of several layers of membrane
      that usually, but not always surrounded small islands of cytoplasm. On occasion
      CMBs were seen to be directly connected with granular endoplasmic reticulum and,
      in a few instances, they were located within a cistern of endoplasmic reticulum.
      There were significantly fewer CMBs in the neuronal somata of adult Gunn rats.
      They were located peripherally in the somata or in the proximal portions of
      dendrites. Furthermore, in these animals the cytoplasm appeared normal and did
      not exhibit the features commonly seen in younger animals. Only a few
      hyperchromatic neurons were observed and no pronounced gliosis was evident.
      Therefore it is assumed that the majority of substantia nigra neurons recovered
      from the toxic effect of bilirubin or that the concentration of bilirubin
      deposited in the substantia nigra is not sufficient to be lethal. The hypothesis
      that is considered is that CMBs represent autophagic activity which results from
      exposure of neurons to bilirubin. The adjacent neurites and glia did not
      demonstrate the cytoplasmic changes that were characteristic of the neuronal
      somata.

PMID- 180746
TI  - [Introductory study on cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII].

PMID- 180745
TI  - The efficacy of melphalan in the combined chemotherapy of malignant trophoblastic
      disease.
AB  - Steadily progressive improvement in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of
      malignant trophoblastic disease has occurred over the last few decades. The most
      important diagnostic aid is the determination of serum HCG by sensitive
      radioimmunoassay which allows the detection of minute amounts of the hormone and
      permits discrimination between LH and HCG. Therapeutic advances include the use
      of combinations of different cytostatic drugs which have increased the cure rate
      from approximately 50% to a range of 80-95% (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Malignant
      trophoblastic disease is rare in the Scandinavian countries which effectively
      limits opportunities to acquire experience within individual centers. However, a
      series of 23 cases has been collected at the Karolinska Hospital during the last
      10 years. Patients who developed resistance against methotrexate were
      successfully treated by a combination of an alkylating agent melphalan (Alkeran),
      actinomycin D and methotrexate. In some cases this modification of a triple
      therapy regimen has turned out to be life-saving.

PMID- 180747
TI  - [Introductory study on extrinsic ocular muscle action. Central and peripheral
      oculomotor involvement: their localizing significance and their principle
      etiologies].

PMID- 180748
TI  - The humoral immunity status of measles patients.

PMID- 180749
TI  - Adrenocorticotrophin and glucocorticoid response to exchange transfusion.
AB  - Plasma adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and glucocorticoid concentrations were
      measured during and for 3 hours after exchange transfusion in four groups of
      infants. Transfusion with ACD blood via the umbilical artery were performed on 10
      infants of 35--40 weeks gestation and 11 infants of 27 to 33 weeks gestation. Ten
      transfusions via the umbilical vein were performed with ACD blood and 9 with
      heparin blood on infants of 32 to 41 weeks gestation. In all four types of
      transfusion there was a significant washing out of ACTH and glucocorticoids from
      the baby. An associated rise of plasma ACTH and glucocorticoid levels indicated
      increased secretion in the larger infants transfused with ACD blood via the
      umbilical artery. Equivocal results were obtained in the other groups. After all
      types of transfusion plasma glucocorticoid levels remained relatively constant
      for one hour and then doubled and then doubled in the second and third hour. The
      results suggest that (a) exchange transfusion via the umbilical artery is more
      stressful than that via the umbilical vein, (b) the glucocorticoid response of
      premature infants to exchange transfusion is similar to that of mature ifants,
      (c) an unspecified stimulus, which is not solely hypoglycaemia nor the metabolic
      reaction to a citrate load, results in a rise in plasma glucocorticoid levels 2-3
      hours after all types of transfusion.

PMID- 180750
TI  - Pseudohypoparathyroidism: a difficult diagnosis in early childhood.
AB  - We have studied one adult and three children with pseudohypoparathyroidism and
      observed that the physical character of short metacarpal bones is not evident in
      the first 4-5 years of life, that hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia may be
      absent in the first years of life, but that the renal unresponsiveness to
      parathyroid hormone can still be demonstrated. Our data confirm earlier
      observation that in evaluating the renal responsiveness to parathyroid hormone,
      urinary cyclic AMP is a better parameter than urinary phosphorus. Thus in early
      childhood, it may be difficult to differentiate between a normal child, a child
      with pseudohypoparathyroidism and a child with pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism
      unless the renal parathyroid hormone responsiveness is studied.

PMID- 180751
TI  - Determination of chloroimipramine and its demethyl metabolite in plasma by ion
      pair partition chromatography.

PMID- 180752
TI  - [Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid N-oxides. IV. Reaction of pyrazine-2-carboxamide 4-N
      oxide with phosphorus oxycholoride].

PMID- 180753
TI  - [Semisynthetic penicillins. XV. Synthesis and properties of 6-(N,N-1', 6'
      hexyleneformamidino)-penicillanic acid pivaloyloxymethyl ester hydrochloride].

PMID- 180754
TI  - A comparative study of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from rat ascites hepatoma
      cell nuclei and from rat liver nuclei.
AB  - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (EC 2.7.7.6) were extracted and partially purified
      form the nuclei of rat ascites hepatoma cells (AH-130) induced by 4
      dimethylaminoazobenzene. The patterns of RNA synthesis and the properties of
      these enzymes were compared with enzymes from the nuclei of rat liver. The
      specific activity of RNA polymerase in the homogenate from the nuclei of AH-130
      cells was the same as normal rat liver nuclei. RNA polymerase was solubilized
      from the homogenate at high ionic strength and separated into two forms by DEAE
      Sephadex column chromatography. Enzymatic characterization showed that these
      enzymes corresponded to RNA polymerase I and II. RNA polymerase I more
      effectively transcribed native DNA than denatured DNA at low salt concentration,
      but at high salt concentration RNA polymerase I effectively transcribed denatured
      DNA. RNA polymerase II more effectively transcribed denatured DNA. In AH-130
      cells the activity of RNA polymerase I was 4 to 5 times higher than RNA
      polymerase II, and in rat liver the activity of RNA polymerase I was 1.5 to 2
      times higher than RNA polymerase II. The activity of RNA polymerase I in AH-130
      cells may have increased by induction.

PMID- 180755
TI  - A new histochemical method using human placenta alkaline phosphatase for
      demonstrating concanavalin A binding sites on cell surfaces.
AB  - Human placenta alkaline phosphatase (HP-ALP), a glycoprotein, was stained
      histochemically for the purpose of examining the concanavalin A (Con A) binding
      sites on the cell surface. HP-ALP was bound to the cell surface by Con A. This
      simple method successfully detected Con A binding sites on the cell surface.

PMID- 180756
TI  - Interferon production by human leukaemic leucocytes.
AB  - The Sendai virus-induced interferon (IF) production by partially purified human
      leucocyte suspensions of normal donors and of leukaemic patients have been
      investigated in vitro. (i) An increased production was observed with leucocytes
      taken from patients suffering from chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) during
      exacerbation, but the production was approximately normal with cells taken during
      remission. (ii) IF production was not influenced by large doses of cytostatics
      (DBM, 5-FU, FUDR, 5-HU, 6-MP, cyclophosphamide) irrespective of whether normal or
      CML leucocytes were used. (iii) In contrast, production was inhibited in both
      systems by inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis (actinomycin D, puromycin,
      cycloheximide). (iv) CML leucocytes produced IF for a prolonged period of time as
      compared to normal leucocytes. (v) Leucocytes from children with acute blastic
      leukaemia and those from adults with chronic lymphoid or acute paramyeloblastic
      leukaemia produce, in contrast to normal leukocytes, approximately as much IF in
      the absence as in the presence of serum. It is concluded that the Sendai virus
      induced IF synthesis in CML leucocytes requires de novo protein synthesis.

PMID- 180757
TI  - Serological differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis in adults.
AB  - Serum samples from different groups of adults were tested for HBsAg and IHxAg,
      using a complement-fixation microtest and the Indian-ink immune reaction,
      respectively. (i) In healthy men 18-24 years of age, living in camps in closed
      communities, HBsAg was demonstrated in 1.5%, IHxAg in 12.2%, and both antigens in
      0.7%. The incidence of HBsAg positivity seems to be age-dependent and influenced
      by environmental factors. (ii) For patients hospitalized with liver and/or
      biliary-tract diseases other than hepatitis, the respective percentages were 10,
      13.5 and 4.5%. (iii) Of the cases clinically diagnosed as infectious hepatitis
      (IH, hepatitis A) or serum hepatitis (SH, hepatitis B), 14% were positive for
      both antigens whereas 10% were double-negative; 76% were positive for either
      HBsAg or IHxAg. In two-thirds of the single-positive cases the demonstrated
      antigen agreed with the clinical diagnosis, in one-third the unexpected antigen
      was present. (iv) SGPT and thymol turbidity values agreed better with the
      serological findings that with the clinical diagnosis. The number of days in
      hospital appeared to be related to both the serological findings and the clinical
      diagnosis. The clinical course was the most severe for those having both antigens
      in blood. (v) IHxantibodies from early convalescence were sensitive, those from a
      later stage were resistant, to 2-mercaptoethanol. (vi) No correlation was found
      between the presence of IHxAg and that of the rheumatoid factor. (vii) The IHx
      Indian-ink reaction is disturbed by the presence of labile serum proteins while
      the essentially similar reverse passive haemagglutination reaction was not
      affected by them. (viii) Testing for IHxAg seems to be a procedure valuable in
      the differential diagnosis of IH and SH, though the results are less convincing
      in adult age than in childhood.

PMID- 180758
TI  - Virus content and effectiveness of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines.
AB  - (I) The amount of 22 nm particles in 26 batches of cattle tongue epithelium
      extract used for the preparation of C-type vaccine was determined with an
      improved 50% haemolytic and point complement fixation test after fluorocarbon
      precipitation of non-immunizing 7 nm particles. The total amount of 22 nm and 7
      nm particles (alpha GN value) varied considerably from batch to batch, 22 nm
      components (alpha GF value) showing a maximum 5-fold difference. (ii)
      Effectiveness of vaccines with known virus content was tested in adult mice
      challenged with an adapted virus strain. In commercial C-type vaccines the
      complement-fixing activitiy of 22 nm particles and the potency of the vaccine
      showed a logarithmic regression (mouse index = -1.43 + 2.27 1g alpha GF).

PMID- 180759
TI  - Restoration of cytochrome c in pet46 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Mod3
      gene.

PMID- 180760
TI  - Effect of rehydration of rat liver tissue after water deprivation.
AB  - Male albino rats were deprived of water for 6 days, then they were allowed to
      drink tap water ad libitim. The structure of the liver was examined by light and
      electron microscopy, and the protein and dry matter contents, oxygen consumption
      and glucose-6-phosphatase activity of the liver were determined after
      rehydration. At 10 minutes, the mitochondria showed signs of division and a
      peculiar transformation of the cristae. At 60 minutes, the membranes of the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum were found to have proliferated. At 12 hours, the smooth
      surfaced membranes showed hypertrophy and the bile canaliculi were distended. At
      24 hours all rehydration induced organelle alterations were declining. The
      biochemical findings agreed well with the fine structural changes and both were
      indicative of an enchanced functional capacity of liver cells during rehydration.

PMID- 180761
TI  - Intranuclear virus-like particles in HBsAG- and IHxAG-negative acute hepatitis
      (type C?) (Preliminary report).
AB  - Virus-like particles, acute hepatitis, hepatitis type C. Intranuclear virus-like
      particles were found by electron microscopy in liver cells of a woman suffering
      from mild HBsAG- and IHxAG negative acute hepatitis. The particles encountered
      were morphologically different from those found in hepatitis B and hepatitis A
      respectively. Futher studies are required to clarify whether the structures
      represent an incidental finding of a new human (passenger) virus or they may be
      related to the aetiological agent of the supposed hepatitis type C.

PMID- 180762
TI  - Component forms of acid hydrolases in subcellular granules from human leucocytes.

PMID- 180763
TI  - Mechanism of clostripain-induced kinin release from human, rat and canine plasma.

PMID- 180764
TI  - Kininase II (angiotensin converting enzyme) and endothelial cells in culture.

PMID- 180765
TI  - Further evidence on the subcellular sites of kininase II (angiotensin converting
      enzyme).

PMID- 180766
TI  - Occurrence of components of the kallikrein-kinin system in human genital tract
      secretions and their possible function in stimulation of sperm motility and
      migration.

PMID- 180767
TI  - The regulation of kallikrein secretion from isolated submandibular gland slices
      by neurotransmitters, cyclic nucleotides and calcium.

PMID- 180768
TI  - Mechanism of the sialogogic effect induced by bradykinin in dogs: possible
      mediation by endogenous prostglandin.

PMID- 180769
TI  - Kinins and inflammation: changes induced on the levels of cyclic nucleotides.

PMID- 180770
TI  - Biochemical evidence on the role of gangliosides in nerve-endings.
AB  - From the biochemical and developmental data in the literature, there appears to
      be some specific relationship of gangliosides to synapses. Whether the
      concentration of polysialo-gangliosides is located in the immediately pre
      synaptic part of the neuronal plasma membrane is not known. There are many
      unanswered questions about the gangliosides, which we have attempted to pose in
      this article. There are as many hypotheses about roles for gangliosides, and
      virtually no data to back them up. In fact there are not even real indications of
      possible functions. We believe that it will be very difficult to define the
      functions of gangliosides until more of the basic questions are answered-even if
      their synaptic localization is a constant temptation to speculate.

PMID- 180771
TI  - Possible functional role of gangliosides.
AB  - The brain ganglioside pattern of taxonomically close and distant related fish
      living at different temperatures were compared with the mammalian pattern.
      Furthermore the goldfish brain pattern was investigated after adaption
      (acclimitization, acclimation) to different temperatures. The results demonstrate
      correlations between body temperature and brain gangliosides: the lower the body
      temperature of animals, the higher the relative proportion of multi-sialo
      gangliosides. The results are discussed with respect to the possible functional
      role of Ca++-ganglioside-complexes for the process of synaptic transmission.

PMID- 180772
TI  - History of recognition molecules in the brain, with special reference to the
      pharmacology of brain gangliosides.

PMID- 180773
TI  - Effects of brain gangliosides on functional recovery in experimental regeneration
      and reinnervation.
AB  - The effect of brain cortex gangliosides has been tested in two different
      experimental models of peripheral sympathetic regeneration and reinnervation: a)
      the preganglionic trunks of the cervical sympathetic nerve were joined in an end
      to-end anastomosis after severing the preganglionic trunk, caudally to the
      superior cervical ganglion; this reinnervation is mainly of cholinergic type. b)
      the postganglionic trunks of the superior cervical ganglion were joined in an end
      to-end anastomosis after severing the postganglionic trunk; this reinnervation is
      mainly of adrenergic type. Functional recovery following the regeneration and
      reinnervation has been evaluated by measuring tha contraction of the nictitating
      membrane, evoked by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic trunk caudally to
      the point of anastomosis. Some of the operated animals were daily treated with
      50mg/kg i.p. of brain cortex gangliosides during the entire post-operative
      period. Forty-five, sixty days after the operation we observed in the treated
      animals of both experimental sets a relevant increase in the functional recovery
      (between 30 and 100%) compared to the operated but untreated controls. In the
      case of postganglionic anastomosis the physio-pharmacological studies were
      substantiated by the histochemical fluorescence observations of the distributions
      of catecholamines in the smooth muscle of the nictitating membranes. These
      results strongly suggest that the treatment with gangliosides greatly influences
      the regeneration and reinnervation process of both cholinergic and adrenergic
      nerve fibers.

PMID- 180774
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic and glycosphingolipid biosynthetic studies of
      differentiating mouse neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 180775
TI  - Remote effects of focal cancer on the neuromuscular system.
AB  - The remote effects of cancer on the neuromuscular system include type II muscle
      fiber atrophy, dermatomyositis/polymyositis, myasthenia gravis, the facilitating
      myasthenic syndrome, peripheral neuropathy (including amyloid neuropathy), and
      possibly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The clinical and pathological findings
      and a number of possible pathokinetic mechanisms of these disorders are
      discussed. In none is the pathokinetic mechanism known. Hence, much work remains
      in therapeutically oriented research of the mechanisms in all of the remote
      effects of cancer on the neuromuscular system.

PMID- 180776
TI  - Differential diagnosis of neuropathy associated with cancer.

PMID- 180777
TI  - Role of radiation therapy in the management of neoplasms of the central nervous
      system.
AB  - Radiation therapy plays an important role as an adjunctive treatment modality
      with surgery and/or chemotherapy in a number of primary and secondary CNS
      neoplasms, including glioblastoma multiforme, lower grade gliomas, brainstem
      tumors, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, most pituitary and parapituitary tumors,
      brain metastases, and epidural spinal cord metastases; it also has an important
      function in the total management of childhood leukemia. Radiation therapy can
      also be extremely effective as the primary or sole treatment of pituitary
      adenomas, craniopharyngioma, and cerebral and epidural metastases. The relative
      roles of, and indications for, surgery versus irradiation have been discussed.
      There is clearly a need for more information regarding the natural history
      relative response of specific tumors to the various therapeutic modalities
      available, as well as the most effective and safe ways to combine treatments. To
      this end, it is mandatory that surgeons, radiotherapists, neurologists,
      pathologists, and internists begin to intercommunicate more freely and
      objectively. Hopefully, in areas that continue to be controversial, well-designed
      clinical trials can begin to furnish the necessary answers. This is particularly
      relevant as all of the disciplines mentioned are developing newer and hopefully
      more effective diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities.

PMID- 180778
TI  - The biologic basis of malignant brain tumor therapy.

PMID- 180779
TI  - Virus-induced experimental brain tumors and putative associations of viruses with
      human brain tumors: a review.

PMID- 180780
TI  - Membrane receptors and hormone action.

PMID- 180781
TI  - Mineralocorticoid hormones.

PMID- 180782
TI  - Some factors in the biliary excretion of estrogens.

PMID- 180783
TI  - Steroid hormones and spermatozoa metabolism.

PMID- 180784
TI  - Biochemical effects of oral contraceptives.

PMID- 180785
TI  - The blood platelet and its disorders.

PMID- 180786
TI  - The use of electromyography in angiology.
AB  - The author of the present study examined electric activity of the muscle in three
      types of chronic arterial occlusions, i.e. in obliterating atherosclerosis,
      obliterating thromboangiitis and diabetic angiopathy. He obtained two different
      electromyographic patterns. One, present in patients suffering from obliterating
      atherosclerosis, showed signs of a peripheral nerve-damage (characterized by
      broad action-potentials) and another, found in patients with obliterating
      thromboangiitis and in diabetics suffering from diabetic angiopathy, with a
      pattern corresponding to a combined injury--of impaired muscle-fibre and
      peripheral nerve (characterized by pathological action-potentials of short and
      long duration). The last group could be further divided into a subgroup where
      both electromyographic lesions were distinctly noted, comprising patients with
      obliterating thromboangiitis, and another subgroup, clearly characterized by
      primary myogenic disorder with a milder disturbance of peripheral nerves. The
      last subgroup consisted of diabetic patients suffering from diabetic angiopathy.
      According to the author's suggestion, the divergence in electromyographic
      patterns in individual diseases of peripheral arteries may be conditioned by
      different in individual diseases of peripheral arteries, may be conditioned by
      different localisations of arterial occlusions. Various preferential levels of
      arterial occlusions give to various diseases a different clinical, as well as
      electromyographical feature. Neurogenic findings in obliterating atherosclerosis
      is determined by occlusions of large arteries. From these vessels afferent
      branches divert for the nutritive supply of the nerve-trunk of the leg. This
      results in ischaemic lesions of nervous fibers of various degrees in the leg. In
      the periphery a total of fine or gross changes may be registered on the
      electomyogram--as a sign of a peripheral nervous lesion. Electromyographic
      pattern of obliterating thromboangiitis reveals changes similar to those of
      obliterating atherosclerosis--namely a picture of a peripheral nervous lesion-
      but in addition there appear regular changes indicating a primarilly muscle
      impairment. The interpretation means that nervous impairment is present. In fact,
      no occlusions of the main arteries take place at the level of the diverted
      nutrient branches of the nerve-trunk, but obliterating thromboangiitis, affecting
      small and medium vessels, presses the occlusions more proximally to the nervous
      trunk. The final result and effect is the same and in more severe instances even
      more striking. Nutrient muscle-arteries, being vessels of medium caliber, are
      obturated--in cases of obliterating thromboangiitis--commonly with main trunks in
      the tibial and foot-zone. Possibilities of a collateral circulation in instances
      where medium and small arteries are obturated, are worse than in large artery
      occlusions and the blood-flow becomes more impaired. Realizing the adjacent
      diffuse affection of arteriolar muscle-net, we get a picture described by
      Scalabrino and Bianchi...

PMID- 180787
TI  - Personal air sampling for vapors of aniline compounds.
AB  - A method has been developed for air sampling and laboratory analysis of vapors of
      seven aniline compounds: aniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, o-toluidine, 2,4-xylidine,
      panisidine, o-anisidine, and p-nitroaniline. Air is drawn by a personal sampling
      pump from a worker's breathing zone through a tube containing silica gel to
      collect any anilines present. In the laboratory each silica gel section is
      transferred to a glass-stoppered tube and desorbed with ethanol. An aliquot of
      this is analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the amount of each aniline
      compound present. The sampling tube can be used for short-term sampling at 1000
      cm3/min or for sampling up to eight hours at 200 cm3/min. Maximum interference
      effects of water vapor have been considered. Results of retention, desorption,
      storage, accuracy, and precision studies are presented.

PMID- 180788
TI  - Vitamin B12 levels and nerve conduction velocities in patients undergoing
      maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - Serum vitamin B12 concentrations were measured in 60 patients undergoing
      repetitive hemodialysis and in undialyzed patients with chronic renal failure.
      Dialysis patients had significantly lower serum vitamin B12 levels than the
      nondialyzed group 321 +/- SEM 38 pg/ml versus 793 +/- 100), and 19 of 60 dialysis
      patients had vitamin B12 Concentrations less than 200 pg/ml. Folic acid
      concentration was 5 times greater in dialysis than in nondialysis patients,
      presumably because the latter received daily supplementation with folic acid.
      Serum vitamin B12 concentrations fell progressively during the patient's course
      of dialysis. Neither inadequate dietary intake nor vitamin B12 malabsorption
      accounted for the differences in the serum vitamin B12 concentrations seen in the
      two groups. Serum vitamin B12 levels and nerve conduction velocities in 51
      dialyzed patients showed a significant correlation. Six dialyzed patients with
      low serum vitamin B12 levels and slow nerve conduction velocities showed
      improvement in nerve conduction (+ 14.6 +/- 3.3 m/sec) following the parenteral
      use of pharmacological doses of vitamin B12. The cause of the low serum vitamin
      B12 concentration is not clear, nevertheless, alterations in serum vitamin B12
      seen in some dialysis patients may be a factor in the persistence of abnormal
      nerve conduction and may be reversed with large doses of parenteral vitamin B12.

PMID- 180789
TI  - Vitamin B6 nutriture of children with acute celiac disease, celiac disease in
      remission, and of children with normal duodenal mucosa.
AB  - Patients with adult celiac disease excrete abnormal amounts of tryptophan
      metabolites after loading with this amino acid, suggesting vitamin B6 deficienty
      in these patients, In fact, the excretion of tryptophan metabolites returns to
      normal after administration of vitamin B6. The vitamin B6 nutriture was measured
      by means of determination of pyridoxal phosphate and activity of pyridoxalkinase
      in serum and in duodenal mucosa of 14 children with acute celiac disease and of
      six children with celiac disease in clinical and biochemical remission. Ten
      children with normal duodenal mucosa were studied as controls. Children with
      celiac disease had significantly decreased pyridoxal phosphate in serum and in
      duodenal mucosa when compared both with children in remission and controls.
      Activity of pyridoxalkinase, however, was significantly increased in serum and in
      duodenal mucosa when compared with controls but not when compared with children
      in remission. These children had the same increase in pyridoxalkinase activity as
      children with acute celiac disease. These data provide a strong evidence for the
      occurrence of vitamin B6 deficienty in children with acute celiac disease. The
      children with celiac disease in remission still had an increased activity of
      pyridoxalkinase which seems to be a compensating mechanism in consequence of
      vitamin B6 deficiency prior to the gluten-free diet.

PMID- 180790
TI  - Decreased interferon production by leukocytes in marasmus.
AB  - Interferon production by leukocytes in culture was investigated in nine severely
      marasmic infants and 31 well-nourished controls. The production of interferon was
      induced with Newcastle disease virus and assayed in Vero cells challenged with
      vesicular stomatitis virus. Marasmic infants produced significantly less
      interferon than controls. It is suggested that the finding may be the result of a
      lymphocyte defect induced by malnutrition and could help to explain the increased
      frequency and severity of viral diseases in this condition.

PMID- 180791
TI  - Potential anti-fertility plants from Chinese medicine.
AB  - A brief review of the history of development of Chinese pharmacognosy and its
      application to gynecology and obstetrics is presented. An evaluation system is
      introduced for short-listing some potentially useful and anti-fertility plants.
      Twenty such plants are listed in order of priority according to our evaluation
      system. Brief descriptions of the botany, phytochemistry and reputed biological
      effects are provided. It is hoped that this article may provide an impetus for
      the development of new antifertility agents.

PMID- 180792
TI  - Giant lymph-node hyperplasia, plasma-cell type, of the mediastinum, with
      peripheral neuropathy.
AB  - A case of mediastinal giant lymph-node hyperplasia, plasma-cell type, is
      described. The patient had progressive peripheral neuropathy for which no
      apparent cause was found. Giant lymph-node hyperplasia with associated peripheral
      neuropathy has not been reported previously.

PMID- 180794
TI  - Proceedings: Continuity of care--a modality.

PMID- 180793
TI  - The use of human foreskin cell cultures for isolation of herpesvirus group in the
      diagnostic laboratory.
AB  - Cell cultures originated from human foreskin (HFS) tissues were used for
      isolation of viruses from diagnostic specimens. The foreskins were collected in
      Hank's balanced salt solution and then processed on the same day by dispersion in
      trypsin. A week after the trypsin treatment of the tissues, the first cell
      cultures were ready to use. Continuous subcultures in vitro of the cells gave
      rise to a colony of cells that multiplied freely in vitro and supported the
      growth of viruses from the herpes group. In three cases tested in our laboratory
      in the last 6 months, viruses from the herpes group were isolated on the HES. The
      cytopathic changes of the HFS cells were observed 5 to 8 days after infection.
      They were not detected on two other human-origin cell cultures (WI-38 and HEp2)
      or on primary monkey kidney cells. The viruses isolated from these three cases
      were cytomegalovirus (CMV) from urine of a 2-week-old baby, a second CMV from a
      cutaneous lesion of a renal-transplant patient and herpes simplex virus from the
      eye swab of a young girl. After a few subcultures on the HFS cells, the three
      viruses produced CPE on the other susceptible human cells. The preparation of HFS
      cells is easy, the availability of the tissue is high, and the diagnostic value
      is unquestionable. It is suggested that this tissue and its cell cultures be used
      more often in diagnostic and research laboratories.

PMID- 180795
TI  - Proceedings: Combined tertiary prevention: the existence and treatment together
      of the addiction/mental health interface.

PMID- 180796
TI  - Proceedings: Tertiary prevention program.

PMID- 180797
TI  - Hypergastrinemia induced by glucocorticoid and corticotropin treatment in man.
AB  - To elucidate further the pathogenesis of steroid-induced ulceration, plasma
      gastrin levels, both basal and after a test meal, were studied in normal
      volunteers and patients treated with glucocorticoids or corticotropin. In normal
      subjects the acute intravenous administration of 100 mg prednisolone had no
      effect on plasma gastrin levels. After oral administration of prednisolone (40 mg
      daily, for four days) a significant increase of the basal, the reactive, and the
      over 90-min integrated gastrin release was observed. In this group, the
      glucocorticoid treatment had a slight, but significant influence on gastric acid
      and pepsin secretion, while acidity and pepsin output stimulated by pentagastrin
      was not affected. In patients treated with prednisolone for more than 24 weeks,
      the oral administration of this hormone failed to alter basal gastrin values but
      affected significantly secretion after the test meal. In patients with multiple
      sclerosis, after intramuscular administration of corticotropin (60 IU daily, for
      12 days), an increase of the basal, the reactive, and the integrated gastrin
      release also was found. Glucocorticoid-induced hypergastrinemia provides
      information on the pathogenesis of steroid-induced ulceration.

PMID- 180799
TI  - Benign granular cell tumor ("myoblastoma") of the stomach.
AB  - Two cases of benign granular cell tumor of the stomach which were found
      incidentally are reported. A review of the literature disclosed 10 case reports
      and three other cases which were mentioned. Despite the small size of the tumors
      eight of the 10 cases produced gastrointestinal signs or symptoms. A brief
      discussion of the histogenesis of the lesion is presented.

PMID- 180798
TI  - Gastric xanthoma.
AB  - Gastric xanthoma (GX) consists of a small yellowish lesion of the gastric mucosa,
      frequently of multiple occurrence; histologically, there is an accumulation of
      lipid-laden histiocytes in the lamina propria. Seven cases are reported. One
      patient also had jejunal localizations. There is no correlation with
      hypercholesterolemia but in four cases a slight hypertriglyceridemia was found. A
      control gastroscopy, performed in four cases, revealed no changes in the first
      patient but a decrease in size in a second and the disappearance of GX in two
      other patients.

PMID- 180800
TI  - Endemic amebiasis in an Arkansas community.
AB  - Parasitologic, serologic, and epidemiologic studies were done during 1967 in
      Calion, Arkansas (population 544). Infection with Entamoeba histolytica was found
      to be endemic but was segregated along racial lines. Twenty-two (9.9%) black
      compared with only one (0.6%) white had E. histolytica demonstrated in one stool
      examination; only two blacks had symptoms suggestive of amebiasis. No positive
      amebiasis indirect hemaggulination titers were found in 135 white residents. In
      contrast, 41 (17.9%) blacks had positive titers. Age, sex, and geographic
      location were not associated with stool or seropositivity. Within the black
      population, clustering of stool and seropositivity occurred. Significantly higher
      rates of stool and seropositivity were seen in households with crowding and poor
      sanitation as evidenced by lack of indoor toilet facilities. The presence of
      contaminated water supplies did not correlate with stool or seropositivity. The
      probable importance of person-to-person transmission is suggested by the observed
      clustering of infection within households with crowding and unsanitary
      conditions. The absence of evidence for transmission by food or water further
      supports this hypothesis.

PMID- 180801
TI  - The nephrotic syndrome associated with neoplasia: an unusual paraneoplastic
      syndrome. Report of a case and review of the literature.
AB  - The nephrotic syndrome complicating malignancy in the absence of renal vein
      thrombosis, amyloid or neoplastic infiltration of the kidney is an unusual
      occurrence. A case of diffuse, well differentiated, lymphocytic lymphoma and
      lipoid nephrosis documented by light microscopy, electron microscopy and
      immunofluorescent studies is reported. A review of the literature revealed 76
      case reports in which the nephrotic syndrome was associated with neoplasia. The
      most frequently associated neoplasms are Hodgkin's disease, various carcinomas,
      nonHodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia in descending order. The most frequent renal
      lesion in patients with the nephrotic syndrome associated with various carcinomas
      is membranous glomerulonephritis (81 per cent) as opposed to patients with
      lymphomas or leukemias who have predominantly lipoid nephrosis (60 per cent). The
      evidence is reviewed suggesting that the lesions in membranous nephropathy are
      immunologically mediated by tumor or viral antigen-antibody complexes and in
      lipoid nephrosis perhaps by a defect in t-lymphocyte function.

PMID- 180802
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinoma, transfusion-induced hemochromatosis and congenital
      hypoplastic anemia (Blackfan-Diamond syndrome).
AB  - A 25 year old patient with congenital hypoplastic anemia (Black-fan-Diamond
      syndrome) is described. This patient was hepatitis-antigen negative, had not
      received androgens and had a hepatoma develop in a transfusional hemochromatotic
      liver. Since androgens have been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, the
      use of androgenic steroids for other than life-threatening symptoms in this
      disease should be avoided.

PMID- 180803
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in pregnancy body fluids during
      normal and abnormal pregnancy.
AB  - cAMP levels in maternal urine (MU), maternal plasma (MP), and amniotic fluid (AF)
      were measured by competitive protein-binding assay in medically uncomplicated
      pregnancies (Group A) and some abnormal pregnancies (Group B). In Group A, MU
      values increased from 3.43 +/- 0.3 mu/Moles per gram of creatinine (mean +/-
      S.E.M.) at 12 to 29 weeks to its peak value, 5.72 +/- 1.03 at 33 to 35 weeks (p
      less than 0.025). Thereafter, the values decreased until term. In AF, cAMP levels
      increased from 9.4 +/- 1.02 at 10 to 19 weeks to 32.6 +/- 2.7 picomoles per
      milliliter between 35 and 42 weeks (p less than 0.005). Mean +/- S.E.M. MP levels
      between 4 to 20 and 21 to 42 weeks showed no significant difference (14.97 +/-
      15.89 +/- 0.57 picomoles per milliliter, respectively). Umbilical cord plasma
      contained higher concentrations than in MP and AF. In Group B, abnormal MU
      patterns were observed in hypertensive disorders, chronic renal disease, and
      postmaturity. In a single patient with hyperthyroidism, abnormal MU and AF (but
      not MP) levels were observed. Abnormalities in MU and AF concentrations of the
      nucleotide are thus not specific for one disease entity.

PMID- 180804
TI  - Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid: indices of lung
      maturity.
AB  - The minor phospholipids in amniotic fluid from normal pregnancies were correlated
      with the well-established index of lung maturity, the lecithin/sphingomyelin
      (L/S) ratio. When the L/S ratio was less than 1.0, the acidic phospholippids
      phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were absent or low in
      concentration (0.0 to 2.5 per cent of lipid phosphorus). Parallel to the increase
      in the L/S ratio to 2.0, the content of PI increased 6.0 to 8.5 per cent of lipid
      phosphorus. PG, the unique phospholipid of lung surfactant, first appeared and PI
      concomitantly decreased when the L/S ratio exceeded 2.0, indicating the secretion
      of mature lung surfactant. Analysis of PI and PG in amniotic fluid as markers of
      surfactant seems to be of value as an additional index of prenatal evaluation of
      lung maturity and may be particularly useful when the specimen is contaminated
      with blood.

PMID- 180805
TI  - Serum unconjugated estriol levels in the third trimester and their relationship
      to gestational age.
AB  - Maternal unconjugated estriol levels were measured throughout the 28 to 41 week
      interval in two groups of accurately dated normal pregnancies. The first group
      consisted of randomly sampled pregnancies on which 285 unconjugated estriol
      determinations were performed. The logarithms of the mean values plotted into a
      positive sloping, relatively straight line which was disrupted by a plateau
      originating at 31 to 32 weeks and terminated at 35 weeks where there began a
      steep surge to a point at 36 weeks (surge point) that returned values to fit the
      previously established straight line. To investigate these findings in individual
      pregnancies, a second group of nine subjects was studied with serial unconjugated
      estriol determinations. In all nine of these subjects, the surge point could be
      identified statistically and occurred at a mean gestational age of 36.0 +/- 0.6
      (1 S.D.) weeks. Data from the first group of randomly sampled pregnancies
      indicate that the surge point occurred around a mean gestational age of 36.0
      weeks and was confirmed by data from the second group of serially sampled
      individual subjects showing the surge point as a statistically definable marker
      in normal pregnancies.

PMID- 180806
TI  - Limitation of the specific serum radioimmunoassay for human chorionic
      gonadotropin in the management of trophoblastic neoplasms.
AB  - Two cases of recurrent trophoblastic disease are presented in which human
      chorionic gonadotropin was detected in assays of urine concentrates at a time
      when serum levels were undetectable by a sensitive and specific beta-subunit
      radioimmunoassay. The potential greater usefulness of measurements of urinary
      concentrates is discussed.

PMID- 180807
TI  - The androgenic polycystic ovary.
AB  - The polycystic ovary has the capacity to produce excessive androgens (delta4
      androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone). Whether this disorder
      is caused by constant pituitary priming of the ovaries due to hypothalamic
      pituitary derangement or an ovarian enzyme defect, the end result is the same,
      i.e., abnormal androgen production. In an effort to explain the syndrome, we
      offer the hypothesis of an inherently sensitized adrenal secreting excessive
      androgen which leads to an imbalance in the hypothalamic-pituitary axia. The
      result is a tonic stimulation of the ovaries eventuating in "the androgenic
      polycystic ovary."

PMID- 180808
TI  - Assay of estriol-16alpha-(beta-D-glucuronide) in pregnancy urine with a specific
      antiserum.
AB  - A rapid, direct radioimmunoassay for estriol-16alpha-(beta-D-glucuronide) in
      pregnancy urine has been developed by use of immunogens in which the estriol
      glucuronide hapten is linked through positions 2 or 4 of ring A to bovine serum
      albumin or agarose gel. The resultant antibodies cross react less than 1% with
      other estriol conjugates, estradiol conjugates, or unconjugated estrogens.
      Pregnanediol-3-glucuronide cross reacts less than 0.5%. This high degree of
      specificity of the antibodies allows for a 10,000-fold dilution of pregnancy
      urine to be assayed directly without interference from other steroids or urinary
      constituents. Good linear correlation was obtained for urinary-estriol
      glucuronide equivalents measured in the same subjects by our routine colorimetric
      method which separates and measures free estriol after hydrolysis. With an
      accelerated antibody-antigen equilibration of 20 minutes at 40 degrees, 10
      samples can be easily processed in less than 90 minutes. The method also allows
      for the evaluation of variations in the excretion pattern of one estrogen
      conjugate in normal and high-risk pregnancies.

PMID- 180809
TI  - The effects of dipivalyl epinephrine on the eye.
AB  - We treated one eye each of ten patients with ocular hypertension with dipivalyl
      epinephrine (DPE), a congener of epinephrine. Pupil size and intraocular pressure
      were measured before and at intervals up to 240 minutes after instillation of a
      single drop of DPE in concentrations from 0.005 to 0.5%. Concentrations of 0.025%
      DPE and greater significantly reduced IOP, and mydriasis was induced by
      concentrations of 0.1% DPE or greater. Comcentrations of 0.1% DPE, instilled
      twice daily for one month, significantly reduced intraocular pressure during
      diurnal testing on days 2 and 31. No toxic side effects were noted. The DPE
      produced dose-related increases of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the aqueous
      humor of rabbits.

PMID- 180810
TI  - The retina in type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Of two patients with type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia, one exhibited lipemia retinalis
      with multiple retinal hemorrhages and intraretinal lipid extravasations.
      Postmortem examination showed hemorrhages in the inner retinal layers and lipid
      deposits largely in the outer plexiform layer. Lipid within the walls of the
      retinal vessels was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. The second
      patient exhibited visual loss due to progressive obstruction of retinal vessels
      with white material presumed to be lipid. Findings were confined to one eye.

PMID- 180811
TI  - Atypical retinitis pigmentosa in familial hypobetalipoproteinemia.
AB  - Of three patients with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, a 42-yeear-old white
      woman, who was homozygous for this autosomal dominantly inherited disease, had no
      detectable serum betalipoprotein and had a marked retinal pigmentary degeneration
      characterized by ring scotomas by Goldmann perimetry, extinguished
      electroretinographic responses, delayed responses and elevated thresholds during
      dark adaptometry, and abnoramal cone thresholds. A 4-year-old daughter and a 28
      year-old niece of the first patient, who wer heterozygous, had reduced but
      detectable levels of serum betalipoprotein and no significant retinal pigmentary
      degeneration. Unlike patients with autosomal recessively inherited
      abetalipoproteinemia (the Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome), none of our patients had
      significant neurologic of cardiac defects. Although the level of serum
      betalipoprotein might be correlated with retinal pigmentary degeneration in
      familial hypobetalipoproteinemia and abetalipoproteinemia, it appears that 
      neurologic and cardiac defects are dependent on other factors.

PMID- 180812
TI  - Spatial summation properties of goldfish ganglion cells.
AB  - At threshold the eye is known to sum quanta as though the total catch were
      important and not the distribution on the retina. In humans, spatial summation is
      larger under dark adapted conditions. The extent of this spatial summation is
      studied in goldfish retinal ganglion cells which are known to receive both rod
      and cone inputs. The area of summation in single ganglion cells is found to be
      much larger for rod input compared to cone input. It seems that in single
      ganglion cells, the spatial summating properties increase markedly in the dark
      due largely to the neural organization of rod and cone input.

PMID- 180814
TI  - Motor innervation of the flexor pollicis brevis: an electromyographic study.
AB  - Percutaneous stimulation of the ulnar and median nerves at the wrist, with
      simultaneous recording of action potentials on a standard electromyograph
      oscilloscope, was performed to observe the motor innervation of the flexor
      pollicis brevis muscle. Both the deep and the superficial heads of the muscle
      were studied in twenty-three subjects. Results showed that the most common
      pattern of innervation was exclusive ulnar nerve supply in both heads, with 52.4
      percent of the subjects showing this pattern. Dual supply by both median and
      ulnar nerves occurred next in frequency with 19.0 percent showing this pattern in
      both heads of the muscle. Exclusive median nerve supply was observed in only 9.5
      percent of the total cases studied. The remaining 19 percent showed varying
      patterns, with each head of the muscle supplied differently. If no
      differentiation between deep and superficial heads is made, this 19 percent may
      be considered as dual innervation of the muscle. In this case, it may be
      concluded that 38 percent of the muscles studied showed some type of dual
      innervation.

PMID- 180813
TI  - Experimental parturient hypocalcemia in cows following prepartal chemical
      inhibition of bone resportion.
AB  - Cows fed a balanced diet with the required amounts of calcium and phosphorus
      developed acute hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia shortly after parturition, even
      in the presence of the a responsive parathyroid gland, when bone resorption was
      selectively inhibited by the prepartal administration of disodium ethane-1
      hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP). When serum total and ionized calcium levels
      declined below 6.0 and 1.0 mg/100 ml, respectively, cows developed clinical signs
      similar to naturally occurring parturient paresis. The plasma immunoreactive
      parathroid hormone levels were similar prepartum, at parturition, and 1 day
      postpartum in cows administered EHDP as in control cows. Parathyroid chief cells
      were predominately in the actively synthesizing phase of the secretory cycle with
      a prominent Golgi apparatus and lamellar arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
      Many chief cells were degranulated of mature secretory gransules. Calcitonin
      activity in thyroid extracts, determined by bioassay, and the numbers of
      secretory granules in thyroid C-cells were similar in both groups of cows. EDTA
      infusion after 60 days of the experiment demonstrated that the immediately
      available calcium reserves were reduced in EHDP-treated cows. The serum calcium
      remained significantly lower and did not return to preinfusion levels by 24
      hours. Serum calcium in control cows returned to within the normal range by 6
      hours after EDTA infusion. The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was
      consistently reduced prepartum and following EDTA infusion in cows receiving
      EHDP. The experimental induction of parturient of parturient hypocalcemia by the
      prepartal administration of EHDP provides a valuable model for studies to
      investigate the mechanisms in bone responsible for the development of severe
      hypocalcemia that occurs in response to the increased calcium demand imposed by
      parturition and the initiation of lactation.

PMID- 180815
TI  - Effect of prolactin on diluting and concentrating ability in the rat.
AB  - The effect of prolactin on free water clearance (C(H2O)) and reabsorption
      (T(cH2O)) was assessed in hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (HHDI) and
      hydropenic Sprague-Dawley rats. Infusion of ovine prolactin (200 nmol/kg per h)
      ablated C(H2O) in HHDI rats but had no effect on T(cH2O) in hydropenic rats.
      Additional experiments in HHDI rats employing submaximal infusions of both ovine
      and rat prolactin indicated that with increasing infusion rates of these
      hormones, urine osmolality progressively increased with a maximum effect being
      reached at 30-40 nmol/kg per h with ovine and 15-20 nmol/kg per h with rat
      prolactin. In similar experiments, using synthetic lysine-arginine vasopressin,
      maximum effect on urine osmolality was achieved with an infusion rate of 25-75
      pmol/kg per h. During infusion of all three hormones, urinary cyclic AMP
      excretion increased significantly in a similar fashion. These data suggested that
      prolactin had a direct effect on collecting tubule permeability and acted through
      stimulation of cyclic AMP production.

PMID- 180816
TI  - Age-dependent mechanical and biochemical responses to glucagon.
AB  - The age-dependent relationships between glucagon-induced alterations in
      myocardial mechanics and adenylate cyclase activity in fetal and newborn lambs
      and adult sheep were evaluated. Glucagon substantially augmented the force of
      contraction of ventricular myocardium isolated from the adult but not from the
      fetus or newborn. Similarly, substantial increases in the spontaneous frequency
      of contraction and tension were observed in adult atrial strips, but not in the
      fetus or newborn. Comparable activities of phosphodiesterase were observed in
      extracts from fetal and adult myocardium and were unaltered by the addition of
      glucagon. Adenylate cyclase activity in adult myocardial homogenate and
      particulate fractions was comparable to that of fetal tissue. Glucagon
      stimulation of the particulate fraction produced no change in fetal adenylate
      cyclase activity whereas a 43% increase in activity was observed in preparations
      from adult tissue. Sodium fluoride and epinephrine augmented adenylate cyclase
      activity in both fetal and adult myocardium. Thus, glucagon produced age
      dependent, parallel changes in heart rate, active tension development, and
      particulate fraction adenylate cyclase activity, suggesting that these
      chronotropic and inotropic responses are indeed mediated by adenylate cyclase and
      that lack of response in the fetus reflects the absence of mature glucagon
      receptor sites.

PMID- 180817
TI  - Pig reticulocytes: I. Transitory glucose permeability and metabolism.
AB  - Glucose permeability and metabolism were examined in the reticulocytes of pigs
      made anemic by daily administration of phenylhydrazine for 5-7 days. Blood
      samples containing 70-90% reticulocytes were fractionated according to their
      density by centrifugation. The most immature reticulocytes obtained from the top
      centrifugal fractions possessed a glucose permeation mechanism. The salient
      features of glucose transport include a) saturable kinetics with Vm ranging from
      0.1 to 0.4 mumol/ml cell X min and with Km ranging from 6.6 to 12 mM, b)
      inhibition by phloretin, and c) countertransport characteristics suggesting that
      the glucose entry was mediated by a mechanism involving membrane carrier-type
      transport. In the course of reticulocyte maturation leading to mature red cells,
      the glucose carrier mechanism was discarded or rendered ineffective, resulting in
      nonglycolytic mature red cells. Glucose and ribose consumptions in the most
      immature reticulocytes were 2.5 and 0.75 mumol/ml cell X h, respectively.
      Concomitant with the diminishing glycolytic ability, ribose consumption was
      enhanced slightly as the reticulocytes matured to red cells. Dihydroxyacetone, a
      potent metabolic substrate for the mature pig red cell, was utilized readily by
      the reticulocytes.

PMID- 180819
TI  - The challenge of computed tomography.

PMID- 180818
TI  - Do dreams have meaning? An empirical inquiry.
AB  - Three judges attempted to sort randomly selected dreams of normal college
      students and schizophrenic patients according to dreamer, night of occurrence,
      and sequential order within a night. Sorting was successful at statistically
      significant levels (which differed for the two groups) for all but the third
      task. The authors conclude that dreams are, as depth psychologists have assumed,
      orderly nonrandom events and that they reflect day-to-day changes in the life of
      an individual. They note that further work is needed to determine whether there
      is order among dreams of a given night.

PMID- 180820
TI  - Computed tomograpy and neuroradiology: a fortunate primary union.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) has led to extensive reassessment of and alterations in
      the practices of neuroscientists. Many of these alterations and their
      implications are described. The progress and problems encountered in the past 36
      months are reported as well as the trends of future investigations. The
      principles evolving should apply in many situations as the benefits of CT are
      extended to other portions of the body.

PMID- 180821
TI  - The effects of biological motion on CT resolution.
AB  - A variety of periodic and aperiodic psyiologic motions affect the quality of CT
      images. This study was initiated to estimate what an optimal scan period should
      be in the design of CT units. Ultrashort scan periods were experimentally
      similated in the heart and liver to approximate the parameters of future
      technology.

PMID- 180822
TI  - Some limitations of computed tomography in the diagnosis of neurological
      diseases.
AB  - Some of the limitations of CT in the diagnosis of neurologic disease are
      reported. Problem areas include small lesions; lesions obscured by adjoining
      structures; small vascular structures and detail of large vessels; cases in which
      the diagnosis is made but information is incomplete for treatment; cases of
      incorrect diagnosis; non-nenoplastic lesions mistaken for neoplasms; some
      subdural hematomas; occasional false negative findings; and misinterpretation due
      to technical errors. Knowledge and use of the clinical presentation, the
      performance of other complementary diagnostic procedures, repeat CT scans
      tailored to the region of interest, and repeat serial scans may assist in
      reaching the proper diagnosis and diminishing potential error.

PMID- 180823
TI  - Trends in the development of reconstruction tomography in neuroradiology.
AB  - Because of the new uses of CT, it is difficult to accurately forecast the future
      balance between it and conventional radiologic techniques. However, the
      relatively low frequency resolution of CT makes it unlikely that conventional
      radiology will be completely replaced. Photon noise and the iodine concentration
      of the contrast medium limit the size of the cerebral vessels which can be
      studied by CT. Thus angiography is likely to remain the method of choice for fine
      detail study of these vessels. For optimal measurements and comparative studies,
      improved head fixation is required. Given precisely reporducible positioning,
      stereotaxic surgery and radiation therapy become a reality.

PMID- 180824
TI  - Computed tomography in infants and children: intracranial neoplasms.
AB  - Cranial CT proved exceptionally accurate  in detecting and localizing cerebral
      neoplasms in children, with only one false negative case in 40 tumors. CT had its
      greatest diagnostic value in cerebral and cerebellar hemispheric lesions,
      tuberous sclerosis, and as a screening device for craniopharyngiomas. While CT
      may provide a definitive diagnosis, additional information form other
      neuroradiologic studies is often necessary.

PMID- 180825
TI  - Computed tomography; the anatomic basis of the zone of diminished density
      surrounding meningiomas.
AB  - Computed tomography of meningiomas often demonstrates a zone of diminished
      density surrounding the actual tumor. This zone may be related to widening of the
      subarachnoid space, cerebral edema, tissue necrosis, or demyelination. A case is
      presented in which the anatomic basis of the zone of diminished density was shown
      on pneumoencephalography and at surgery to be an enlarged subarachnoid space.

PMID- 180826
TI  - Computed tomographic evaluation of hemorrhage secondary to intracranial aneurysm.
AB  - Angiography in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to aneurysm gives
      precise information on the location and size of the aneurysm and the aneurysm and
      the presence of spasm but gives incomplete information on ventricular size, size
      and location of hematoma, and extent of infarction. CT demonstrates precisely
      brain or intraventricular hematoma and, at times, subarachnoid hemorrhage,
      indicates the extent of infarction; and rapidly documents the degree of
      hydrocephalus. Infarction secondary to spasm, hematoma, and hydrocephalus are
      readily differentiated. The CT examination may be repeated as often as necessary
      without patient discomfort or morbidity. Serial scans allow rapid assessment of
      change in ventricular size, development and persistence of infarction, and change
      in size of hematoma.

PMID- 180828
TI  - Stereotaxic computed tomography.
AB  - A method for stereotaxic computed tomography is described. A head fixation system
      has been devised enabling the exact transfer of information fromthe diagnostic
      coordinate system of the scanner to other therapeutic or diagnostic coordinate
      systems.

PMID- 180827
TI  - Demonstration of purulent bacterial intracranial infections by computed
      tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography is shown to be an important modality in both diagnosis and
      management of cerebral infections. Representative findings from CT scans of
      patients with purulent bacterial infection of the meninges, cerebrum, ventricles,
      and adjacent structures are presented. Material is taken from 2,645 CT scans done
      in a 1 year period at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. It is hoped
      that the use of CT will lead to a decrease of morbidity and mortality in entities
      such as brain abscess and subdural empyema.

PMID- 180829
TI  - Picture processing in computed tomography.
AB  - Using the EMI scanner system computer, picture processing of various kinds can be
      performed. Computer programs enabling analysis of regions of interest,
      subtraction, smoothing, and reconstruction in three dimensions have been
      designed; they are easy enough to be handled by the regular staff. The potential
      of the methods is illustrated.

PMID- 180830
TI  - Computed tomography and radionuclide studies in the diagnosis of intracranial
      disease.
AB  - The accuracy of CT and radionuclide studiies in the diagnosis of intracranial
      disease is analyzed based on experience in 641 patients. Results indicate that
      both modalities give reasonably similar precision and that a modest improvement
      in diagnosis can be expected if both techniques are employed. It is emphasized
      that the radionuclide studies used routinely included what are rightfully
      considered adjunctive scanning procedures, so that results must be considered in
      this light.

PMID- 180831
TI  - High resolution computed tomography of the orbit withthe Ohio Nuclear Delta head
      scanner.
AB  - The orbit is an ideal structure to examine by CT because of large differences
      between absorption values  of retroorbital fat and other structures such as
      muscle, optic nerve, and ophthalmic artery. Spatial resolution in CT is dependent
      upon the volume of each pixel (individual picture element). Whereas the pixel
      volume of the original EMI scanner was 117 mm, that of the Ohio Nuclear Delta
      head scanner employed in this paper is only 5 mm. Ovver 200 patients have been
      examined using this scanning instrument, including 32 patients in whom the orbits
      were specifically examined with a scan plane parallel to Reid's baseline.
      Representative abnormalities are discussed and illustrated. Orbital tumors such
      as hemangiomas, lymphomas, meningiomas, and inflammatory pseudotumors can be
      accurately localized while still very small.

PMID- 180832
TI  - Further progress in CT scanning and computerized radiation therapy treatment
      planning.
AB  - Total body computed tomography has introduced a unique method of obtaining body
      contours as well as anatomical representations for radiation therapy treatment
      planning. CT scanning combined with computerized radiation therapy treatment
      planning has improved accuracy and contributed greatly to the solution of complex
      treatment problems. CT scans can also be used to evaluate the progress of
      patients undergoing radiation therapy.

PMID- 180833
TI  - Health planning for computed tomography: perspectives and problems.
AB  - Computed tomography has been introduced to the health care system at a time when
      health care planning is still evolving. Unlike the recent past, final
      authorization of large expenditures and new services such as CT now lies outside
      the providers of care and is based on laws and regulations that are not familiar
      to many physicians. A brief review of the principal federal statutes is presented
      from the Hill-Burton Act to the National Health Planning and Resources
      Development Act of 1974. Recognizing the unique problems in certain special
      service areas such as CT, the state of Indiana has formed committees to collect
      information and develop recommendations to assist its health planners in their
      actions and decisions under the federal statutes. The quantitative problems which
      the Indiana CT committee must address are presented in some detail, problems that
      other health planners face as well.

PMID- 180834
TI  - Economic analysis of computed tomography units.
AB  - All operating CT installations in the United States were surveyed in January
      1976; data were obtained from 98 of 140 installations. Although the respondents
      represented 80 head units and 18 head and body units, the overwhelming experience
      was with head CT studies. CT equipment was installed in an average of 1.3 months,
      operated 64 hr per week and examined 50-55 patients per week. A downtime of 7 hr
      per week was reported. Radiologists are responsible for 92 of 98 installations,
      and 90% of installations are in a hospital. The scheduling delay averages 1.6
      days for inpatients and 11.5 days for outpatients. The delay is increasing in
      many installations. The estimated total yearly technical cost is +325,000
      +371,000 per installation, depending upon patient volume. The estimated technical
      cost per patient (when 50 patients per week are studied) compares favorably with
      the estimated net revenue per patient from the average basic technical charge
      (+130 compared to +138). A separate billing method is used by 59% of
      installations, and 76% have an extra charge for contrast injection and additional
      studies; 60% of patients receive contrast. The reported total charges during the
      last 3 months were higher in installations that (1) charged additionally for
      contrast, (2) were located in outpatient settings, and (3) had nonradiologists as
      the responsible physician. It should be emphasized that most CT installations are
      not independent activities and should be considered an integral part of a
      diagnostic radiology department or office.

PMID- 180835
TI  - Editorial: orientation of CT images.

PMID- 180836
TI  - Radiologic Societies.

PMID- 180838
TI  - Picture quality of computed tomography.
AB  - Some limitations that impair the picture quality of computed tomography are
      presented. Picture grain is analyzed in detail and its relationship to different
      matrix sizes is demonstrated. The choices of matrix size for viewing various
      parts of the body are defined, and the need for higher resolution in the future
      is debated. Comparison is made between two scanning systems: the moving fan beam
      with rotation and the simple rotating fan beam. Possible artifacts in the picture
      caused by drift and delay in dector response are discussed.

PMID- 180837
TI  - Computed tomography of the body: initial clinical trial with the EMI prototype.
AB  - A review of the first 400 cases examined on one of three prototype EMI body
      scanners is presented. During the initial evaluation phases, it became obvious
      that computed tomography of the body has tremendous potential in the evaluation
      of various organs and disease states. The technique has been most useful in
      evaluating patients with known or suspected abdominal neoplasm, particularly
      lesions of liver, pancreas, retroperitoneum, and kidney. Too few cases have been
      studied to realistically quantitate its impact on the total field of medical
      diagnostic imaging.

PMID- 180839
TI  - Computed tomography of the body: early trends in application and accuracy of the
      method.
AB  - Early experience with extracranial CT has shown this diagnostic method to be
      highly accurate in evaluating the liver, pancreas, kidneys, retroperitoneum, and
      pelvis. The diagnosis of neoplasm, inflammatory changes, and normal moophologic
      variants is possible. Initial data indicat that this modality may assume a
      primary role in the evaluation of the liver, pancreas, and retroperitoneum (e.g.,
      the differentiation of medical from surgical jaundice and the distinction of
      solid from cystic lesions). In the thorax, the results appear far less dramatic.
      CT scans rarely surpass the diagnostic accuracy of conventional radiologic
      studies. Initial results indicate a need for studies comparing CT with
      radionuclide examinations, ultrasonography, and other conventional radiographic
      procedures as well as for evaluating its use in radiation therapy planning and
      follow-up.

PMID- 180841
TI  - Computed tomographic evaluation of aortic aneurysms.
AB  - Applications of computed tomography are being extended from the brain to other
      body parts. This report describes CT scanning of abdominal and thoracic aortic
      aneurysms in 30 patients. CT shows greatest promise in abdominal aortic scanning,
      where reliable identification of the aorta can be achieved even in the absence of
      enlargement or calcification. However, current limitations prevent visualization
      of internal detail such as intimal plaques or mural thrombi. Technical advances
      are described which should have an important bearing on this.

PMID- 180840
TI  - Computed tomography of the liver.
AB  - This work examines the scope and accuracy of CT in the detection of tumors,
      abscesses, cysts, and parenchymal disorders of the liver. While CT remains an
      emerging modality, it is shown to be equal to nuclear medicine in detecting mass
      lesions. It has also been possible to distinguish obstructive from nonobstructive
      jaundice. Presently, CT is not well suited to the study of cirrhosis.
      Technological advances in CT design and contrast agents offer promise of
      significantly improved resolution.

PMID- 180842
TI  - Computed tomography of the heart.
AB  - In an attempt to evaluate the possible usefulness of transmission computed
      tomography, CT scans of the chest of a series of dead dogs were obtained by means
      of an EMI body scanner. The sections thus obtained with and without the injection
      of contrast material reveal a great deal of cardiac morphology. Infarcts of the
      heart produced prior to scanning were imaged as regions of lower x-ray
      attenuation. The hearts of a series of live dogs following infarction were imaged
      by means of a positron  emission transverse tomomograph (PETT) following
      administration of C-palmitate. The images permitted assessment of the relative
      size of the infarct. The relative advantages of transmission and emission
      tomography in cardiac visualization are discussed.

PMID- 180843
TI  - Cardiac reconstruction imaging in relation to other ultrasound systems and
      computed tomography.
AB  - A computer-controlled system is described for the generation of two-dimensional
      motion images of the heart. A standard B scanner is used to scan the area of
      interest during 40-50 cardiac cycles, and the computer controls recording of the
      ultrasound signals, beam position indicators, and physiologic data. The
      ultrasonic echoes are reformatted by the computer into sequential frames by
      reference to the ECG. Images are displayed in motion on a large monitor, and hard
      copy is obtained on 35 mm cine film. Off-line computer-controlled signal
      processing is utilized for image enhancement of clinical studies. Real-time
      systems for the production of two-dimensional motion images of the heart are
      discussed and compared to computer reconstruction of ultrasound cardiac imaging.
      The advantages of ultrasound imaging of the heart and other body areas are
      presented, and prospectives are offered by which the present and future roles of
      ultrasound can be evaluated in respect and future roles of ultrasound can be
      evaluated in respect to computed tomography. It is concluded that ultrasound will
      remain the primary noninvasive modality for cardiac motion study and that
      ultrasound will continue to provide important clinical information in all parts
      of the body where it is currently employed.

PMID- 180844
TI  - Clinical and serologic responses of volunteers infected with phlebotomus fever
      virus (Sicilian type).
AB  - Twenty volunteers were inoculated with various doses of human serum containing
      Phlebotomus fever virus (Sicilian type) to determine their clinical and serologic
      responses as well as the human infectious dose50 of the virus. All infected
      subjects developed fever which varied in duration from 6 to 74 hours. The most
      common symptoms during sandfly fever were headache, anorexia, myalgia,
      photophobia, low back and retro-orbital pain. Infected individuals developed a
      marked leukopenia characterized by an initial lymphopenia followed by protracted
      neutropenia. Little complement fixing antibody was detected in convalescent sera
      but most subjects developed significant rises in hemagglutination inhibiting
      antibodies. All infected subjects developed specific neutralizing antibodies with
      titers ranging from 1:40 to 1:2,560. Of the three serologic tests performed, the
      plaque reduction neutralization method appears to be the most sensitive test for
      detecting antibodies to Phlebotomus fever viruses.

PMID- 180845
TI  - Japanese encephalitis virus in Northern Taiwan, 1969-1973.
AB  - Sentinel pigs were bled and mosiquitoes were collected for isolation of Japanese
      encephalitis virus (JEV) between 1969 and 1973 in a rural area of northern Taiwan
      which reported a high annual incidence of human cases. The study site included a
      farmyard, schools, a bat cave, rice paddies and a heronry. Although Culex annulus
      was collected in every month of the year, isolations were made only in midsummer
      and only from Culex annulus and (once) from Culex tritaeniorhynchus. These
      isolates were usually collected from pig-related sources. Human cases in the
      vicinity of the study site were reported 3 to 6 weeks following the initial
      isolations from sentinel pigs. Isolations were made only for 4 to 8 weeks each
      summer. The isolation of JEV was not related to the availability of susceptible
      pigs or the spring or summer peaks in prevalence of Culex annulus. Despite
      periodic draining of rice paddies and the application of insecticides, sufficient
      numbers of Culex annulus were available to support transmission of JEV in each
      year of the study.

PMID- 180846
TI  - Isolation of Langat virus from Haemaphysalis papuana Thorell in Thailand.
AB  - A strain of Langat virus (LGT), T-1674, was isolated from a pool of Haemaphysalis
      papuana Thorell collected in the forest of Khao Yai National Park in Central
      Thailand. The isolated virus was found to have growth and antigenic similarity to
      the prototype Langat strain (TP-21). This is the first report of a natural
      infection of Haemaphysalis ticks with LGT and of the isolation of this arbovirus
      in Thailand. The wide distribution of known vectors of LGT in Thailand suggests
      that the virus may be present in other areas of the country.

PMID- 180847
TI  - Collagenolysis of rat tail tendons by crude corneal collagenase and
      clostridiopeptidase A.
AB  - An experimental apparatus, which uses freshly collected, nondenatured rat tail
      tendons as substrate against crude corneal collagenase from alkali-burned rabbit
      corneas and clostridiopeptidase A, is introduced. The apparatus makes it possible
      to compare the collagenolytic activity of the two enzymes directly on intact
      connective tissue similar to intact corneal tissue. It was found that the two
      enzymes were able to reduce the tensile strength of rat tail tendons to less than
      100 g in less than 5 h. The two enzymes attacked the tendons in structurally the
      same manner, estimated from a statistical model. The conclusion drawn is that
      crude corneal collagenase can degradate intact connective tissue indicating that
      it can attack the intact cornea.

PMID- 180848
TI  - Micro-and submicro-scale iodimetric determination of antimony (III) in
      antibilharzial compounds by use of amplification reactions.

PMID- 180849
TI  - Monitoring of neuromuscular function.

PMID- 180850
TI  - [Experimental studies of heart muscle following use of extracorporeal
      circulation].

PMID- 180852
TI  - Cyclophosphamide-induced amelioration of Marek's disease in Marek's disease
      susceptible chickens.
AB  - Bursa- and thymus-dependent functions were examined in Marek's disease (MD)
      susceptible normal chickens and in chickens treated with 5 and 16 mg of
      cyclophosphamide (CY) at the time of hatching. Chickens not exposed to Marek's
      disease virus (MDV) and treated with CY temporarily lost mitogenic response to
      concanavalin A but regained full response after 5 weeks. Bursa-dependent
      functions, such as presence of germinal centers in spleen and cecal tonsils,
      morphologic features of bursa, and sheep red blood cell antibody response were
      completely lost in chickens treated with 16 mg of CY and only partly retained in
      chickens treated with 5 mg of CY. In chickens exposed to MDV, the degree of
      thymus-dependent spleen cell mitogenic response was directly related to frequency
      and severity of MD. Chickens treated with 16 mg of CY had a mild mitogenic
      depression and low frequency and severity of MD lesions, whereas those treated
      with 5 mg of CY and those not treated had marked mitogenic depression and high
      frequency and severity of MD. Suppressions of bursa- and thymus-dependent
      functions by MDV alone were also evident when comparing MDV-exposed and
      nonexposed chickens. The results also indicate that presence of small, residual
      amounts of humoral factor(s) may enhance MDV oncogenesis.

PMID- 180853
TI  - Effects of swab materials on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.
AB  - The recovery rates of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus from swab materials
      were compared. The adsorptive and elutive properties of cotton, polyester, and
      calcium alginate wool were examined by direct exposure of infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis virus to swab materials in buffered tissue culture medium.
      Calcium alginate wool was virucidal; this was apparent after 2 hours' exposure.
      Cotton and polyester swab materials exhibited little virucidal effects. The
      addition of wooden applicator sticks with the swab materials reduced viral titers
      further.

PMID- 180851
TI  - [Effect of large doses of pulverized sulfur on enzymatic reactions and mucous
      substances in guinea pig duodenum and jejunum].

PMID- 180854
TI  - Murine cytomegalovirus glomerulonephritis: clinical and ultrastructural
      observations.
AB  - This investigation was initiated to study and correlate the clinical and
      ultrastructural aspects of glomerulonephritis induced in the laboratory mouse by
      the intraperitoneal injection of a sublethal dose of murine cytomegalovirus. An
      attempt was made to ascertain the pathogenesis of the glomerular changes and the
      resultant viremia. Murine cytomegalovirus infection caused an acute transient
      glomerulonephritis in young female mice of the HA/ICR strain. Mice that survived
      a sublethal inoculation of homogenized infected gland developed transient
      proteinuria and excreted tubular casts. The murine cytomegalovirus infection
      resulted in a glomerular lesion that was selective for the mesangial cell. After
      entering the mesangial cell by phagocytosis the virus replicated in the nucleus
      and was excreted into the channel of the mesangial matrix, with extension toward
      the periphery of the capillary loop and adjacent to the urinary space. Virus
      particles were rarely found in the glomerulus after the 5th day of infection and
      chronic renal disease was not observed.

PMID- 180855
TI  - In vitro effects of elastase and collagenase on mechanical properties of hamster
      lungs.
AB  - A previous study of hamsters, 21 days after intratracheal treatment with
      pancreatic elastase, showed development of emphysema, shift of the volume
      pressure curve up an to the left, with both air and saline filling, and increase
      in quasistatic lung compliance. There was also a striking increase in vital
      capacity and lung volume at transpulmonary pressure of 25 cm H2O (TLC25);
      however, 21 days after collagenase treatment, there was only a slight increase in
      TLC25. The lung volume changes were not consistent with the theory that the
      collagen fiber network is responsible for limiting distension of the lung. This
      report considers saline-filled volume-pressure curves studied in excised hamster
      lungs after incubation with endotracheally instilled pancreatic elastase or
      clostridial collagenase solutions. Fluid retained in the lungs after the first
      infusion-withdrawal cycle was significantly greater in lungs treated with
      elastase than in lungs treated with collagenase or in control lungs. Total fluid
      volume at full inflation was similar in the 3 groups. Chord compliance of lungs
      treated with collagenase was greater at high volume range than that in lungs
      treated with elastase or control lungs; chord compliance of elastase-treated
      lungs was higher at mid-volume range than that of collagenase-treated or control
      lungs. The results of these in vitro studies are consistent with the theory of
      independently functioning elastic and collagen fiber networks, with the latter
      limiting lung distensibility at high volumes, and the former providing great
      extensibility at low volumes. Events that are part of the repair process after
      elastase injury may result in a change in the orientation of collagen in alveolar
      tissue and appear to account for the differing effects of in vivo and in vitro
      elastase treatment on the static mechanical properties of the lungs.

PMID- 180856
TI  - Effects of rhinovirus infection of pulmonary function of healthy human
      volunteers.
AB  - The effects of experimentally induced rhinovirus and mycoplasmal respiratory
      tract infections on the pulmonary function of healthy, young, adult volunteers
      were investigated prospectively. Before inoculation, 12 volunteers were
      completely normal, whereas 9 had increased frequency dependence of compliance as
      their only abnormality of pulmonary function. Rhinovirus infection was induced in
      8 of the completely normal volunteers, and 5 developed increased frequency
      dependence of compliance at the time of illness. These changes returned toward
      normal during the following 2 weeks and were not associated with concomitant
      changes in any other parameter of pulmonary function, including "closing volume".
      Three subjects with increased frequency dependence of compliance as their only
      abnormality before rhinovirus infection developed no significant change in
      dynamic compliance or any other abnormality in pulmonary function after
      infection. No changes in pulmonary function were detected in 3 volunteers with
      experimentally induced mycoplasmal infection. These finding suggest that although
      rhinovirus infections are associated primarily with upper respiratory illness,
      they can produce transient peripheral  airway abnormalities in previously normal
      young adults; however, closing volumes, as well as routine pulmonary function
      studies, may not detect these changes.

PMID- 180857
TI  - Islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas: effective therapy with 5-fluorouracil,
      streptozotocin, and tubercidin.

PMID- 180858
TI  - [Familial blepharophimosis (author's transl)].
AB  - A typical case of familial blepharophimosis is reported. The genealogical tree is
      reviewed up to the third generation, finding a total of seven affected
      individuals, 40% of the studied patients. A nervous pattern in the E.N.G. of the
      facial nerve was found and its possible implication in the genesis of the facial
      features is discussed. In the genetic study, there was a normal cariotype, and in
      the genealogical tree a dominant autosomic transmission, without any evident
      difference in the transmission related to the primitively involved sex was
      observed.

PMID- 180859
TI  - Editorial: Systemic contraceptives and liver tumors.

PMID- 180860
TI  - Recovery from rabies in man.
AB  - A 45-year-old woman from Mendoza, Argentina, was severely bitten by a dog that
      died 4 days later. Before death, the dog was nervous, aggressive, and had
      occasional seizures. Ten days after the woman had been bitten, rabies vaccine
      treatment was begun: 14 daily doses of suckling mouse brain vaccine followed by 2
      booster doses. Twenty-one days after the biting episode, she developed a
      cerebellar striatal syndrome, which persisted throughout several months, and
      severe encephalitic symptoms, which persisted for 75 days. After 13 months,
      recovery was nearly complete. The patient's serum and cerebrospinal fluid
      contained rabies-neutralizing antibodies reaching maximum titers of 1:640 000 and
      1:160 000, respectively. Titers of this magnitude have never been previusly
      recorded after suckling mouse brain vaccine treatment. This phenomenon, together
      with the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data presented, supports the
      conclusion of a nonfatal case of rabies in man.

PMID- 180861
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid hormone concentration in the evaluation of pituitary tumors.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of corticotropin, growth hormone,
      thyrotropin, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone
      were measured in 28 patients with various neurologic disorders, in 49 patients
      with pituitary tumors of whom 22 had suprasellar extension, and in 6 patients
      with craniopharyngiomas. With the exception of 1 patient with pseudotumor
      cerebri, CSF adenohypophyseal hormone concentrations were low in patients with
      neurologic disease and in patients with pituitary tumor without suprasellar
      extension. In marked contrast, 21 to 22 patients with suprasellar extension of a
      pituitary tumor and 2 of 6 patients with a craniopharyngioma had elevations of
      one or more CSF adenohypophyseal hormones. Posttreatment CSF adenohypophyseal
      hormone levels fell from previously elevated levels in 4 of 5 patients. These
      data suggest that an elevated CSF adenohypophyseal hormone concentration is a
      sensitive indicator of suprasellar extension of a pituitary tumor, and
      posttreatment measurements are useful in determining efficacy of therapy.

PMID- 180862
TI  - [Detection and distriburion of slow pre-betalipoprotein in agar gel
      electrophoresis of total serum in 204 cases of mixed hyperlipidemia].
AB  - The demonstration in certain sera by electrophoresis an Agar gel, according to
      Noble's technique, of a further band of intermediate pre-betalipoprotein, between
      the betalipoproteins and the usual rapid pre-betalipoproteins, led to the
      designation of this fraction under the name of slow pre-betalipoprotein or pre
      beta-lipoprotein. To the rare studies so far published on this subject, we bring
      here our contribution in the form of a routine analysis of the variations, and
      not only the presence, but also the relative concentration of the slow pre-beta
      lipoproteins with regard to the rapid prebetalipoproteins. On the fasting serum,
      after 12 hours fasting, comparative studies of normal control subjects (104
      cases) of essential hypercholesterolemia, with or without tendinous xanthomas,
      corresponding to type IIa (110 cases), mixed hyperlipidemia of type II + IV or
      III, on paper electrophoresis, corresponds usually to type IIb (204 cases) and,
      finally, massive endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, corresponding to type IV (95
      cases). These indicate clearly the elective concentration of the band of slow pre
      betalipoproteins persisting after 12 hours fasting in cases of mixed
      hyperlipidemia (73% of cases), whilst it is rare in the other groups (no more
      than 5% of cases). A more complete study of 204 cases of mixed hyperlipidemia
      showed that the high frequency of slow pre-betalipoproteins is situated in a
      fairly narrow range of relatively moderate hypertriglyceridemia, between the
      lower limit of 1.50 and the upper limit of 6 to 7 g/l: the maximum frequency and
      intensity is situated within the area of 2.50 to 4 g/l. The cases who have
      already had cardiovascular accidents are more often found to have this band than
      the cases without complications in a fairly similar age group. However,
      longitudinal studies, both midterm in relation to therapeutic correction, and
      short term throughout the day or between the 8th and 12th hour of fasting, have
      clearly revealed the potential labile nature of this fraction, and show the
      pathological nature of its sometimes massive persistence beyond the 8th hour and
      even beyond the 12th hour of fasting. This is a sign of pathological blocking of
      its transformation rather than of a constitutional lipoprotein abnormality.

PMID- 180863
TI  - [Clinical and developmental aspects of hepatoma].
AB  - We have reported here 38 cases of hepatoma observed over a period of 3 1/2 years
      in a Paris hospital, and recall the main circumstances of discovery of this
      primary tumour of the liver. Clinically, hepatomegaly with a hard, painful
      border, increasing rapidly in volume in a patient with a past history of
      alcoholism and with a poor general condition, remains the best sign. More often,
      decompensated cirrhosis is the only sign and may lead to the wrong diagnosis,
      until alphafoetoprotein estimation and laparoscopy are carried out.
      Unfortunately, the almost constant presence of cirrhosis, usually diffuse, and
      the pluricentric character of the hepatoma, make any attempt at removal
      immpossible. Treatment consists simply of the administration of analgesics whilst
      awaiting a fatal issue within 3 to 4 months. We believe that it is useful to have
      constantly in mind this terminal complication of cirrhosis as, at present, among
      the direct or associated causes of death from cirrhosis, hepatomas seem to
      account for about 20%.

PMID- 180864
TI  - [Reflexions and thoughts about one case of acromegalic gigantism (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Having observed a 22 year old man with a case of acromegalic-gigantism (2,30 m.)
      whose growth still continued after the ablation of a hypophyseal micro-adenoma,
      by trans-sphenoidale tract, the authors after making various neuroendocrine
      comments study from a psychological point of view the myth of the giant which
      appears to be linked to the myth of origins, from a phylogentical point of view
      (for example Atlantis) as well as from the ontogenetical point of view
      (identification to the father). The example is particularly ambivalent: at the
      same time idealized (the Heros), and rejected (the Ogre)--this is explained by
      the evolution of the father complex, and by the connections between, on the one
      hand the ego, and on the other hand the ideal ego and the couple ego ideal-super
      ego.

PMID- 180865
TI  - Use of conjugated estrogens in eye diseases.
AB  - Presomen, a preparation of natural conjugated estrogen has been applied to 81
      ophthalmologic patients. Some patients received it as a preoperative measure for
      the prevention of hemorrhages, others were treated with the drug in order to
      facilitate the absorption of vitreous and retinal hemorrhages. The effect of the
      preparation on capillary fragility has likewise been studied. The literature
      contains contradictory reports on the mode of action of conjugated estrogens.
      Clinical observations show conjugated estrogens suitable for the prevention of
      hemorrhages in connection with surgical interventions.

PMID- 180866
TI  - X-ray of the month: juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

PMID- 180867
TI  - Low postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity in familial type IIa
      hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - A subnormal activity of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase was demonstrated in
      nine of 16 patients with familial type II hypercholesterolemia. On the other
      hand, in patients with combined hyperlipidemia (type II b) the hepatic lipase
      activity was mostly in upper normal range. The postheparin plasma lipoprotein
      lipase activity was normal in both patient groups. It is suggested that the low
      hepatic lipase activity may have a role in the patholgenesis of one form of
      familial hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 180868
TI  - Increased resistance to virus infections of mice inoculated with BCG (Bacillus
      calmette-guerin).
AB  - CD-1 or OF-1 mice were inoculated intravenously with 1 mg per mouse (i.e. about
      10(6) live bacilli) of Pasteur Institute BCG and challenged 15 to 31 days later
      with the following viruses introduced by various routes: encephalomyocarditis,
      murine hepatitis, type 1 and 2 herpes simplex, foot-and-mouth disease and A0 and
      A2 influenza viruses. In most cases, BCG-inoculated mice exhibited a
      significantly higher resistance to these lethal infections than control mice
      (overall survival in control: 18%; in BCG-inoculated mice: 41%). Enhancement of
      resistance by BCG was especially marked in infections with encephalomyocarditis,
      herpes simplex type 1 and influenza A2 viruses. Intercurrent infection of BCG
      inoculated mice with non lethal doses of viruses did not abrogate their
      resistance towards subsequent challenge with lethal doses of an unrelated virus.
      The possible mechanisms of this enhancing effect of BCG on host's resistance are
      discussed in the light of the known effects of this immunostimulating agent on
      the various facets of the immune response and of the respective roles the latter
      play in the defence against virus infections.

PMID- 180869
TI  - Glomerular injury in patients with neoplasia.
AB  - There is considerable circumstantial evidence relating neoplasia to glomerular
      injury. Recently, more convincing evidence has been derived from the
      demonstration of tumor-associated antigen or antibody to such antigen, in
      relation to glomerular basement membranes in four patients with glomerular injury
      and cancer. The most common form of glomerulopathy reported in patients with
      carcinoma has been membranous glomerulonephritis. However, increased mesangial
      cells and matrix have also been found in some patients with hematuria and
      progressive renal failure. In contrast, most patients with Hodgkin's disease and
      glomerulopathy have had the minimal lesion-type nephrotic syndrome, which has
      usually responded to successful treatment of the Hodgkin's disease. Glomerular
      abnormalities have also been reported with chronic lymphocytic leukemia,
      lymphosarcoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and benign tumors. When there is
      no apparent cause, proteinuria with or without hematuria or impaired renal
      function should suggest the possibility of associated neoplasia, particularly in
      elderly patients.

PMID- 180870
TI  - Hemochromatosis: course and treatment.

PMID- 180872
TI  - Circadian rhythms and episodic hormone secretion in man.

PMID- 180871
TI  - The effects of calcium and phosphorus in hemodialysis.
AB  - Combined use of Ca supplements (orally or by dialysis) to circumvent decreased
      intestinal Ca absorption and aluminum compounds to reduce plasma [Pi] has been
      demonstrated to decrease plasma [iPTH], to normal or near normal in many
      patients, and to decrease the percentage of bone surface involved in bone
      resorption. A highly significant positive relationship between change in plasma
      [iPTH] and bone resorbing surface has been reported. It seems evident, therefore,
      that PTH must be a major factor in the bone resorption of chronic renal failure,
      despite the relative skeletal resistance to PTH. As a result, correction of
      factors that increase PTH secretion should be considered a prime goal of therapy
      in these patients. The osteomalacic element of renal osteodystrophy, on the other
      hand, is only partially controlled by these maneuvers and probably requires the
      additional use of vitamin D or one of its active metabolites for full correction.

PMID- 180873
TI  - Infectious particles in hepatitis.

PMID- 180874
TI  - Significance of serum protein and tissue binding of antimicrobial agents.

PMID- 180875
TI  - The sleep apnea syndromes.

PMID- 180877
TI  - Use of drugs in myopathies.

PMID- 180876
TI  - Evaluation of thrombogenic effects of drugs.

PMID- 180878
TI  - Pharmacology and toxicology of lithium.

PMID- 180880
TI  - [Effect of antibiotics on the resistance of white mice to C1. perfringens toxin].
AB  - The effect of potassium benzylpenicillin, streptomycin sulfate and
      chlortetracycline on experimental gangrenous intoxication was studied. When the
      antibiotics were injected before intoxication, the albino mice resistance did not
      significantly change. When the antibiotics were injected immediately after the
      toxin administration, the resistance of the test animals markedly decreased.

PMID- 180879
TI  - The pharmacology of the pineal gland.
AB  - Only recently have a sufficient number of publications been available to
      legitimize a review of the pharmacology of the mammalian pineal organ. Two
      decades ago Kitay & Altschule reviewed the world literature on pineal physiology,
      which comprises several thousand papers, and concluded only that removal of the
      pineal, or administration of pineal extracts, somehow affected pigmentation in
      lower vertebrates and gonadal function in mammals (1). As the studies described
      below demonstrate, much more information is now available concerning the
      pharmacology of the pineal. This review subdivides present knowledge into two
      areas: (a) the effects on mammals of administering pineal extracts or pure
      synthetic or natural pineal constituents and (b) the effects of drugs and
      hormones on the pineal itself. As might be anticipated, the bulk of studies cited
      in both categories deals with the pineal hormone, melatonin. Melatonin was first
      isolated from bovine pineal extracts in 1958 by Lerner and his colleagues (2),
      who used as a marker the capacity of the hormone to aggregate the pigment
      granules in amphibian melanophores around the cell nucleus. Five years later,
      Wurtman et al (3) showed that melatonin affected a physiological function in
      mammals, that is, the size and secretion of the ovary, and subsequent studies
      have demonstrated that melatonin administration also modifies the growth,
      composition, and functional activities of numerous other organs. Only recently an
      assay was developed that allows quantification of the melatonin in human urine
      (4). The concentrations of the compound vary with a characteristic daily rhythm,
      peaking at night. The pineal's apparent role as the sole or major source of
      melatonin, the presence of melatonin in urine, and the demonstration that
      physiologic effects follow a pinealectomy or the administration of melatomin seem
      to justify labeling it a pineal hormone. Melatonin synthesis and pineal
      biosynthetic activity are generally controlled by the sympathetic nerves of this
      organ (5,6). Therefore, it should not be surprising that drugs known to modify
      the synthesis, release, or metabolism of norepinephrine in peripheral organs also
      affect pineal function. Melatonin is itself a derivative of another biogenic
      amine, serotonin, whose metabolism and actions are also affected by numerous
      drugs. Indeed, the pineal has often provided an apt tool for examining
      monoaminergic mechanisms for pharmacologists not specifically concerned with its
      particular functional properties.

PMID- 180882
TI  - Demonstration of solids-associated virus in wastewater and sludge.
AB  - Data presented demonstrate the relatively high multiplicity of solids-associated
      virus in field samples, i.e., wastewater, sludge, and soils. Influent, effluent,
      and chlorinated effluent samples showed 16.1 to 100% of the total virus
      demonstrated in samples to be solids associated. Three techniques for freeing
      solids-associated virus are described and compared. Using sonication of solids
      and polyethylene glycol concentration, virus was demonstrated in fully digested
      sludge (60 days at 34 C), sand at the site of a sewer leak, and dried sludge cake
      and mud 900 m downstream from a sewage disposal site. These data emphasize the
      inadequacy of virus concentration techniques that do not include the processing
      of solids. In situ elution failed to free solids-associated virus.

PMID- 180881
TI  - Rapid microbiological assay for chloramphenicol and tetracyclines.
AB  - An agar diffusion assay for chloramphenicol and tetracyclines is described, using
      inhibition of hemolysis by Clostridium perfringens as a biological indicator of
      antimicrobial activity. Well-defined zones formed after a 1.5- to 2-h incubation
      in an anaerobic chamber or after 3 h using a GasPak system. Serum levels of
      chloramphenicol as low as 2.0 mug/ml could be reproducibly determined with this
      method. Concurrent presence of gentamicin did not influence the assay. Levels of
      penicillin G were also reproducibly determined with this method, although use of
      stable zones of growth inhibition which would form after overnight incubation
      were a more convenient end point for this bactericidal drug. The hemolytic assay
      with C. perfringens is a reproducible, accurate, and rapid method for
      determination of levels for chloramphenicol and tetracyclines.

PMID- 180883
TI  - Morphology and ultrastructure of a Penicillium sp. grown on n-hexadecane or
      peptone.
AB  - The morphology and ultrastructure of a Penicillium sp. grown on n-hexadecane or
      on peptone in shake-culture were compared using transmission and scanning
      electron microscopy. The fungus grew as hollow mycelial balls surrounding
      individual hydrocarbon droplets on n-hexadecane and as solid mycelial balls on
      peptone. A dense layer of fungal mycelium that showed irregular forms, fusion,
      and increase in hyphal size formed at the hydrocarbon-water interface. Inclusions
      were present in the hexadecane-grown fungus that were absent when the Penicillium
      sp. was grown on peptone. Problems of fixation made it difficult to differentiate
      detailed changes in the cytoplasm when the fungus was examined with the
      transmission electron microscope.

PMID- 180884
TI  - Growth of Clostridium tertium and Clostridium septicum in chemically defined
      media.
AB  - Defined media for the growth of Clostridium tertium and Clostridium septicum are
      described. The requirements for growth of these two species are compared with
      each other and with those of Clostridium perfringens.

PMID- 180885
TI  - Influence of starch source on sporulation and enterotoxin production by
      Clostridium perfringens type A.
AB  - Of 16 different starch preparations tested, Clostridium perfringes NCTC 8798
      yielded maximum sporulation and enterotoxin formation when ICN-soluble starch was
      included in Duncan and Strong sporulation medium. In general soluble starches
      were better than potato, corn, or arrowroot starch with regard to these two
      parameters.

PMID- 180886
TI  - Bacteriological quality and shelf life of ground beef.
AB  - The bacteriological quality of unfrozen raw ground beef was evaluated after 0, 3,
      6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days of storage at 29 +/- 1 F (-1.7 +/- 0.6 C). At the time
      of fabrication, all of the ground beef samples contained 10(6) or fewer total
      aerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria/g; 81% contained 100 or fewer coliforms/g;
      94% contained 100 or fewer Escherichia coli/g; and all of the samples contained
      100 or fewer coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium
      perfringens/g. Total aerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria increased by 1 log
      between 3 and 18 days of storage. Coliform and E. coli counts decreased during
      storage, whereas coagulase-positive S. aureus and C. perfringens counts did not
      change significantly. These data indicate that meat processors, wholesalers, and
      retailers could improve the bacteriological quality and prolong the shelf life of
      ground beef packaged in oxygen-impermeable film if the temperature of product
      never exceeded 29 +/- 1 F (-1.7 +/- 0.6 C).

PMID- 180887
TI  - Inactivation of poliovirus in digested sludge.
AB  - The effect of anaerobically digested sludge on poliovirus during incubation at
      temperatures between 28 and 4 C was studied. Although virus was fully recoverable
      from sludge, its infectivity decreased in proportion to the time and temperature
      of incubation. The rate ranged from greater than 1 log per day at 28 C to about 1
      log every 5 days at 4 C. The mechanism of inactivation was studied at the lower
      temperature where the sedimentation coefficients of most inactivated particles
      were not detectably modified. The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of these particles
      appeared to have been nicked and had an average sedimentation value about 70%
      that of RNA from infectious virus. Since the specific infectivity of RNA from
      particles recovered from sludge was directly proportional to that of the
      particles from which it was extracted, loss of infectivity was probably due to
      inactivation of RNA. Some breakdown was also found in the two largest viral
      proteins of inactivated particles. Thus, the mechanism of inactivation may be
      cleavage of viral proteins followed by nicking of encapsulated RNA. Because no
      virucidal activity was found in raw sludge, this component of digested sludge
      appears to be a product of the digestion process.

PMID- 180888
TI  - Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacterial species from ornamental
      aquarium plants.
AB  - Ornamental aquarium plants were demonstrated to carry as many as 10(8) viable
      mesophilic bacteria per g. Gram-negative organisms predominated among the 19
      genera of bacteria identified. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was readily isolated from
      53% of the samples tested.

PMID- 180889
TI  - Production of infectious Epstein-Barr virus by using an intermittent culture
      collection system.
AB  - Procedures were developed to produce infectious Epstein-Barr virus in large glass
      fermentors with limited mechanical agitation by using an intermittent culture
      collection system. The system appears quite suitable for use in fermentation
      vessels of 50 liters or larger.

PMID- 180890
TI  - A kinetically important phosphoryl-enzyme intermediary in the intrinsic purine
      nucleoside-5'-diphosphokinase activity of Escherichia coli acetate kinase.

PMID- 180891
TI  - The effect of antimycin A on cytochromes b561, b566, and their relationship to
      ubiquinone and the iron-sulfer centers S-1 (+N-2) and S-3.

PMID- 180892
TI  - Effects of insulin on diaphragm muscle independent of the variation of tissue
      levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.

PMID- 180893
TI  - Some characteristics of adrenal steroidogenesis and their possible relationships
      to the action of the adrenocorticotropic hormone.

PMID- 180894
TI  - The regulation of ornithine aminotransferase synthesis by glucagon in the rat.

PMID- 180895
TI  - Selective synthesis and modification of nuclear proteins during maturation of
      avian erythroid cells.

PMID- 180896
TI  - Thermodynamic resolution of cytochrome P450 and characterization of an iron
      sulfur center in rat liver microsomal preparations.

PMID- 180897
TI  - Characterization and comparison of the major glycoprotein from three strains of
      Rous sarcoma virus.

PMID- 180899
TI  - Sodium periodate, sodium chlorite, and organic hydroperoxides as hydroxylating
      agents in steroid hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by adrenocortical microsomal
      and mitochondrial cytochrome P450.

PMID- 180898
TI  - The in vivo inhibition of collagen synthesis and the reduction of prolyl
      hydroxylase activity by 3,4-dehydroproline.

PMID- 180900
TI  - Oxidation of manganous pyrophosphate by superoxide radicals and illuminated
      spinach chloroplasts.

PMID- 180901
TI  - Characterization of mouse Taper liver tumor hepatoma chromatin autodigestion and
      the release of euchromatic segments.

PMID- 180903
TI  - Oxidative properties of swollen rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 180904
TI  - Embryonic chick intestine in organ culture: stimulation of calcium transport by
      exogenous vitamin D-induced calcium-binding protein.

PMID- 180905
TI  - Combinations of antimicrobial agents: II. The in vitro sensitivity of 52 strains
      of proteus species to sulphafurazole, polymyxins and combinations of
      sulphafurazole and polymyxins.
AB  - The sensitivity of 52 strains of Proteus species to sulphafurazole, polymyxins
      and the combinations of sulphafurazole and polymyxins was determined by means of
      discs and trays. It was found that 2 and 6 strains, respectively, were sensitive
      to discs containing 100 mug sulphafurazole and 300 mug polymyxin B, respectively,
      41 strains were sensitive to the combination of discs containing 100 mug
      sulphafurazole and 50 mug colistin, respectively, and 38 strains were sensitive
      to the combination of discs containing 100 mug sulphafurazole and 300 mug
      polymyxin B, respectively. The tray method proved that 2 and 5 strains were
      sensitive to 25 and 200 mug sulphafurazole, respectively, and that 1, 2 and 3
      strains were sensitive to 25, 50 and 100 mug polymyxin B, respectively. Also 41
      strains were sensitive to the combination of 100 mug sulphafurazole and 25 mug
      colistin and 38 strains were sensitive to the combination of 25 mug
      sulphafurazole and 6.3 mug polymyxin B. There was good agreement between the
      results of the disc and of the tray studies. The synergism between sulphonamides
      and polymyxins may offer therapeutic possibilities.

PMID- 180902
TI  - The appearance, properties, and functions of gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver
      and kidney of the guinea pig during fetal and early neonatal development.

PMID- 180906
TI  - Multiple palmoplantar histiocytomas.
AB  - Four patients had multiple histiocytomas involving the palms and soles; we
      describe the clinical and histologic features of their disorder. Multiple lesions
      of histiocytoma are rare, and their occurrence on the palms or the soles has not
      been reported, to our knowledge. Whorled patterns of intertwining bundles of
      histiocytic cells and fibers were seen predominantly and most frequently on
      histologic examination. No recurrences were noted during a follow-up period of up
      to two years after removal of the lesions. They appear to be distinct from
      juvenile fibromatoses and eruptive histiocytomas.

PMID- 180907
TI  - Recessive hypophosphataemic rickets, and possible aetiology of the 'vitamin D
      resistant' syndrome.
AB  - Two out of 3 children of a first-cousin marriage presented with severe rickets in
      infancy and are now adult. Their disease has shown continued activity, marked
      resistance to treatment with vitamin D, early fusion of cranial sutures, greatly
      increased bone density, nerve deafness, and life-long hypophosphataemia
      unaffected by treatment. Both parents and a third sib were normal clinically and
      biochemically. Blood grouping supported both stated paternity and parental
      consanguinity. Genetics of this unique disease can only be explained
      satisfactorily on the basis of autosomal recessive transmission, a mode not
      previously reported in primary hypophosphataemia. This homozygous disease
      resembles an exaggerated form of common X-linked rickets, though it is caused by
      a different gene. Although rare, it is particularly important because of the
      information it provides on the pathogenesis of both forms. We propose that both
      syndromes may result from multiple target organ unresponsiveness to 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol in intestine, kidney, bone, and parathyroid gland.

PMID- 180908
TI  - [Pathology and cytology of virus diseases of the uterine cervix (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 180910
TI  - [Mixed tumors of the epiglottis. Apropos of one anatomical-clinical case].

PMID- 180909
TI  - [Complex sweat gland tumor of the scalp. Association of a papillous
      syringocystadenoma and an apocrine hidrocystoma].

PMID- 180911
TI  - [Rapid diagnosis of respiratory viral disease by means of indirect
      immunofluorescence test].
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence test was employed to detect respiratory virus
      antigens in pharyngeal secretions. Parainfluenza virus type 1-3 sera gave
      positive results in 19 out of 40 patients with acute respiratory infections
      tested, mainly among children affected by "viral croup". The reliability of the
      test for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory infections is discussed.

PMID- 180912
TI  - [Studies on the physiopathology of cholera in Bari].
AB  - During a small epidemic of cholera in South Italy in summer of 1973, the
      infection showed some peculiarities and differences in comparison with cholera
      classic picture of Asiatic areas. In this paper epidemiological, pathogenetic,
      clinical and biochemical data of patients admitted to the Institute of Infectious
      Diseases of Bari are reported. The age of the majority of patients (over 50) is
      an important factor for understanding cause of infection; but also preexistent
      basal diseases are responsible of severe course of infection. In fact, in spite
      of low mortality (2/70), in many cases the course of disease has been complicated
      by metabolic disorders. Also cardio-vascular conditions have influenced course of
      infection. The Authors discuss the causes of this atypic behaviour of cholera in
      South Italy.

PMID- 180913
TI  - [Late stages in the replicative cycle of human cytomegaloviruses in diploid
      cells. Ultrastructural study].
AB  - An ultrastructural study of late stages of the replicative cycle of human
      cytomegalovirus (CMV) in human embryo fibroblasts cell cultures has been
      performed. Nucleocapsids are observed only inside the intranuclear inclusion.
      They mature apparently by taking the envelope from the structural components of
      microvescicular systems reaching from the nuclear membrane the periphery of the
      nuclear inclusion. However, some capsids reach "naked" the cytoplasm and then
      take the envelope from cytoplasmic membranes. In the cytoplasm homogeneous "dense
      material" and "dense microbodies" are present; in extracellular space enveloped
      "dense microbodies" are scattered among virions. The peculiar envelopment of CMV
      capsids, not yet described in the literature, is discussed and the typical
      ultrastructural cytopathology of CMV infected cells is indicated as an useful
      tool in diagnostic virology.

PMID- 180914
TI  - Anti-neuraminidase antibody response in hamsters experimentally infected with
      Sendai virus.
AB  - Investigations were performed to study the behaviour of neuraminidase-inhibiting
      (n.i.a.) and, by comparison, of neutralizing, hemagglutinin-inhibiting (h.i.a.)
      and anti-S and anti-V complement-fixing (c.f.a.) antibodies in hamsters
      inoculated intranasally with a Sendai virus strain of recent isolation. Moreover
      the distribution of the virus in the respiratory tract was followed. Preliminary
      experiences were done to assure a correct performance of the neuraminidase
      inhibition test. First of all the optimal pH and then the influence of the normal
      hamster serum on the enzyme activity were evaluated. The n.i.a. as well as h.i.a.
      and anti-S and anti-V c.f.a. were demonstrable from day 6th after infection,
      neutralizing antibody from 8th day. The n.i.a. reached the peak of 24 days, that
      is later than the other types of antibodies, and started to decline after 1
      month, together with the drop of the h.i.a and c.f.a. On the contrary the
      neutralizing antibody persisted at high titres till the end of the observation
      period (75 days). Detectable antibody response was coincidental with a marked
      drop in the titers of virus recovered from the respiratory tract. Because of the
      association of both hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities with the same
      Sendai glycoprotein, it is stressed the possibility that hemagglutination
      inhibition and neutraminidase-inibition tests titrate the same antibody.

PMID- 180916
TI  - Evaluation of "instant" preparation of the colon with povidone-iodine.
AB  - The antimicrobial effect of 20 minutes exposure to 10% povidone-iodine solution
      and to 5% neomycin-erythromycin solution was evaluated in vitro in 6 suspensions
      of dog feces. Povidone-iodine eliminated aerobic growth (P less than 0.001) and
      reduced anaerobes 4.01 +/- 1.06 (P less than 0.02); C. perfringens was the only
      anaerobic organism grown. Forty unprepared dogs underwent resection of the
      sigmoid colon and primary anastomosis. Twenty received normal saline and 20
      povidone-iodine injected intraluminally immediately before resection. The colon
      contents of povidone-iodine treated dogs grew only 0.07 +/- 0.07 aerobes and 3.74
      +/- 0.49 anaerobes (all Clostridia) (log10/ml colon contents) (P less than
      0.001). All povidone-iodine dogs survived 3 weeks with no anastomotic leaks;
      three controls died from anastomotic leak within the first week (P = 0.12).
      Reexploration of survivors revealed less perianastomotic reaction in the povidone
      iodine group. Twenty minutes exposure to povidone-iodine produced a significant
      decrease in bacterial counts in vitro and in unprepared sigmoid colon. No adverse
      effects were demonstrated.

PMID- 180917
TI  - Identification of the jaundiced infant who is likely to recover without surgical
      intervention.
AB  - A series of 32 infants with persistant jaundice in whom an unequivocal
      differentiation between intrahepatic cholestasis and biliary atresia could not be
      made is reviewed. A protocol including Lipoprotein-X (LP-X) determinations before
      and after a short course of cholestyramine (CSM) was carried out in all. A fall
      in serum LP-X after CSM indicates the presence of patent extrahepatic bile ducts
      (even microscopic) which will function without benefit of hepatic
      portoenterostomy. A rise in LP-X levels after CSM means an atretic biliary
      system. The LP-X, CSM protocol was not able to differentiate between the
      anatomical variants of biliary atresia that may respond to hepatic
      portoenterostomy and those that will not. Patent bile ducts (even microscopic) in
      the porta hepatis and/or proximal hepatoduodenal ligament, which are in
      continuity with intrahepatic ducts, must be present if hepatic portoenterostomy
      is to be successful. None of our 12 infants undergoing hepatic portoenterostomy
      showed evidence of bile excretion after the procedure. Microscopic study of
      serial sections taken through the excised hepatoduodenal ligament tissues of
      these 12 infants revealed that none had anatomical findings conducive to the
      success of the operation.

PMID- 180918
TI  - Gas gangrene: review of 34 cases.
AB  - High morbidity and mortality continue to result from gas gangrene, despite the
      use of aggressive modes of therapy. Between 1967 and 1973, 34 patients with gas
      gangrene were seen at the University of Maryland Hospital; 11 (32.3%) died.
      Clostridium perfringens was recovered from the wounds in 79% of the cases and
      from the blood in 15%. Eighty-five percent of the wounds contained one or more
      organisms in addition to C perfringens, with as many as seven organisms recovered
      from some wounds. Twenty-nine patients received hyperbaric oxygen treatments, as
      well as the more conventional antibiotic drugs; it was not possible to assess the
      value of this added therapy. Gangrene of the abdominal wall resulted in a higher
      (50%) mortality than gangrene of an extremity (24%). Presence of normal or
      depressed white blood cell counts, decreased platelet counts, and abnormal renal
      or liver functions all denoted a poor prognosis.

PMID- 180915
TI  - Cyclic AMP.
AB  - Cyclic AMP is believed to be the intracellular agent which mediates the action of
      many hormones on their target cell. The mechanisms by which the nucleotide
      controls glycogen metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle seem to be firmly
      established. Data relevant to this area of research are selectively reviewed. In
      addition, the evidence is reviewed for and against a role for cyclic AMP in the
      regulation of a variety of other cellular functions including: cardiac
      contractility, smooth muscle relaxation, platelet aggregation, salivary gland
      amylase secretion, pancreatic exocrine secretion, and gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 180920
TI  - [Electrophysiological and histological study of splanchnic afferent fibers].

PMID- 180919
TI  - [Histochemical studies on the kidney of the vertebrates. VI. Avian kidney].

PMID- 180921
TI  - [Aspects of the metabolic function of the lung].

PMID- 180922
TI  - [The inhibitory effect of alkyl-aryl-sulfonate on the swarming of proteus
      bacteria].
AB  - Tests were carried out on 16 strains of Proteus to determine the smallest amount
      of alkylarylsulfone that prevents complete swarming of the bacteria, restricting
      it to band only 1-2 mm wide. This was achieved by adding 0.0075% of detergent to
      Gassner's medium. The result was easily visible on the surface of inoculated
      plates. It was also shown that this inhibitory effect on the flagellar apparatus
      of Proteus and also Salmonella was purely temporary being due to a reversible
      reduction of this apparatus.

PMID- 180923
TI  - Immunization against mucosal disease--bovine viral Diarrhea (MD-BVD) in calves
      applying lapinized vaccine against swine fever and a modified live virus of MD
      BVD.
AB  - Calves vaccinated with the modified strain C24V react by creating neutralizing
      antibodies in high titres and are resistent to infection while non-immunized
      calves manifest the clinical symptoms of MD-BVD. Calves, vaccinated with the
      lapinized strain "K" of the SF virus react by creating neutralizing antibodies in
      low titres against the vius of MD-BVD and manifest no apparent clinical symptoms
      after challenge with the virulent strain MD-BVD.

PMID- 180924
TI  - [The significance of CELO virus as a hatching egg contaminant with special
      reference to its oncogenic properties].
AB  - A group of young hamsters was injected subcutaneously in the neck region with
      allantoic fluid containing CELO virus. A second group received transplants of
      cells from tumours induced by CELO virus. Tumours developed in both groups. The
      latent period was shorter after transplantation than after virus inoculation. The
      tumours grew progressively, histologically resembling fibrosarcoma. It is
      recommended that hatching eggs infected with CELO virus should not be used in
      vaccine production.

PMID- 180925
TI  - Investigation on the immunogenity of concentrated ethanol saponin vaccine against
      mucosal disease-bovine viral diarrhea.

PMID- 180926
TI  - [Immunological correlations between 2 strains of mucosal disease virus diarrhea
      (short report].
AB  - Cross-neutralization tests of the C24V strain and the "Kotschmar" strain provided
      evidence that the two strains are serological variants. Independenthy of
      quantitative serological differences, these strains had a better immunizing
      action in calves against a virulent strain of MD/VD virus. This virulent strain
      evidently formed a third serological variant, because when calves were infected
      with it, there was a decrease in the serological differences between antibodies.
      A practical conclusion is that diagnostic serological testing using only one
      strain is unlikely to detect all the infected animals, particularly those with
      low titres of antibody. In the presence of complement the neutralizing capacity
      of immune serum increased and, in the case of low antibody titres, serological
      differences between strains decreased. Therefore the complement-dependent
      neutralization test with at least two strains of virus is recommended for use in
      diagnostics.

PMID- 180927
TI  - [Isolation of reoviruses from mink].
AB  - In this first report of the isolation of reovirus from mink, isolates were
      obtained from 18 to 26 young mink with viral enteritis, by using cultures of cat
      kidney cells. The isolated also produced cytopathic changes in cell cultures of
      mink kidney, dog kidney, piglet kidney, calf kidney, bovine embryonic kidney and
      calf testis. A characteristic feature was the formation of eosinophilic inclusion
      bodies in the cytoplasma of culture cells. Haemagglutination tests were negative
      with erythrocytes from cat, rabbit, pig, horse and cattle. Attempts to infect old
      and young mink, kittens and ferrets with tissue culture material failed. It was
      not known to what extent this second infection with reovirus influenced the
      course of mink viral enteritis.

PMID- 180928
TI  - The development of criteria for evaluating psychiatric education programs.
AB  - During the last year, the Psychiatry Education Branch of the National Institute
      of Mental Health undertook an exhaustive review of 530 training proposals from
      205 institutions. The scope of such an endeavor, as well as the desire to
      maintain peer review, necessitated the recruitment of 90 outside consultants. The
      need for consistency of judgment among a large group of site visitors gave rise
      to a document that detailed points of concern in the evaluation of psychiatric
      training programs. Broader dissemination of this document might be useful in a
      program's self-evaluation, and might further its understanding of the site-visit
      process. The result of many such evaluations should be the improvement of
      psychiatric education throughout the country.

PMID- 180929
TI  - Congenital insulinoma (nesidioblastoma): ultrastructural evidence for
      histogenesis from pancreatic ductal epithelium.
AB  - An insulinoma removed from a neonate with proved hyperinsulinemia was examined
      with the electron microscope. The tumor was composed of pancreatic ductal
      epithelium and beta cells in direct contact and in lobular units. The pattern of
      the tumor, the morphologic evidence of beta cell-type activity in ductal cells,
      and the similarity of the arrangement of tumor cells to that observed in islet
      regeneration after subtotal pancreatectomy in the rat indicate that this tumor
      originated from ductal epithelium.

PMID- 180930
TI  - Necrotizing retinopathy with herpes zoster ophthalmicus: a light and electron
      microscopical study.
AB  - A necrotizing retinopathy following a vesicular cutaneous eruption in the
      distribution of the right trigeminal nerve developed in a patient who had been
      receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy one week prior to the onset of herpes
      zoster ophthalmicus. Seven weeks after the herpetic symptoms began, the patient
      died of pneumonia following an intracerebral hematoma. At postmortem examination,
      unexpected multiple focal and confluent lesions, which corresponded to areas of
      extensive retinal necrosis, were observed in the fundus of the right eye.
      Intranuclear inclusions with a perinuclear halo were identified within the
      affected sensory retina. Electron microscopy of the retinal lesions disclosed
      round to oval enveloped viral particles that were characteristic of the herpes
      viruses. A mild lymphocytic infiltrate was evident in a demyelinated right
      Gasserian ganglion. Demyelination and necrosis of the right trigeminal sensory
      tract and adjacent areas were evident within the brain stem.

PMID- 180931
TI  - Discharge planning in an acute hospital.
AB  - To improve discharge planning on an acute medical ward, a nursing "team system"
      was initiated with clear delineation of responsibility for discharge planning.
      The head nurse supervised the nurses' actions and supported their communication
      with attending physicians. To assess the efficacy of this approach, chart reviews
      and interviews of 60 consecutive patients were performed before and after the
      implementation of the plan. A plan was labeled adequate if the following criteria
      were met: all treatable diagnoses were recognized; appropriate treatment regimens
      were instituted for each diagnosis; the patient's abilities were sufficient for
      him to function in the proposed environment; and plans were made for follow-up
      care. Patient knowledge was stated to be adequate if the patient was aware of his
      diagnosis, treatment regimen and plans for follow-up care. In addition, the
      patient was questioned concerning his satisfaction with the plans for further
      care. Seventy-five percent of the patients admitted to this ward required
      discharge planning. Of those requiring discharge planning, the plan was judged
      adequate in 55% prior to the program change and in 83% following that change.
      Eighty percent of the patients required some teaching during their hospital stay.
      Of these, by the time of discharge, knowledge was adequate in 53% prior to the
      program change and 51% subsequent to the change. Initially 68% of the patients
      were very satisfied with the discharge plans but this figure rose to 86%
      following the program change.

PMID- 180933
TI  - Histocompatibility types and viral antibodies.
AB  - Serum neutralizing (Nt) antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and
      type 2 (HSV-2), and histocompatibility (HL-A) types, were determined in multiple
      sclerosis (MS) patients and in control subjects. Titers of Nt antibodies to HSV-1
      and to HSV-2 were increased among subjects bearing HL-A3 or HL-A7 or both,
      whether they suffered from MS or not. The increases were statistically
      significant in the MS group. The MS and control groups did not differ
      significantly in levels of HSV-1 or HSV-2 Nt antibodies.

PMID- 180932
TI  - Benign hepatic tumors and their association with oral contraceptives.
AB  - The growing number of reports of benign hepatic tumors occurring in young women
      who have been receiving oral contraceptive steroids has led us to review the 33
      patients reported in the literature and to cite two additional case reports. By
      presenting two reports, one describing focal nodular hyperplasia and the other
      multiple hepatic cell adenomas, we hope to emphasize the pathological
      differentiation between these two lesions in order to calrify further reporting.
      Twelve of the 35 patients had massive intraperitoneal bleeding; two other
      patients had less severe hemoperitoneum. Five deaths have been reported. Although
      the frequency of use of these agents has become such that a direct relationship
      between them and benign hepatic tumors is not proved, the clinician should bear
      the association in mind when presented with women taking oral contraceptives who
      have abdominal pain. The review is made in the hope of stimulation further case
      reporting and microscopical and ultrastructural analysis. We trust that three
      will clarify the possible role of contraceptive steroids as predisposing or
      etiologic agents.

PMID- 180935
TI  - Experimental herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Effect of corticosteroids and
      pyrimidine nucleoside.
AB  - The effects of methylprednisolone sodium succinate and cytarabine have been
      examined in an experimental herpes simplex virus-induced encephalitis in rabbits.
      In this model herpes simplex virus (HSV) is normally cleared from the brains of
      untreated animals. Infected animals treated with large doses of
      methylprednisolone showed a slight delay in the rate of clearance of virus, and a
      minimal reduction in the inflammatory process, but did not otherwise differ from
      untreated controls. Animals treated with cytarabine displayed a notable rise in
      viral titers in brain at a time when virus had been cleared from untreated
      controls. Cytarabine-treated animals also showed persistence of intranuclear
      inclusions in the lesions, and moderate diminution in the extent of inflammatory
      response. Thus, while methylprednisolone appears to have little adverse effect on
      the encephalitic process, cytarabine, perhaps because of its immunosuppressive
      properties, results in a failure of normal clearance of virus from nervous system
      lesions.

PMID- 180934
TI  - Prophylactic effects of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine examined in
      kindling cat preparations.
AB  - Prophylactic effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin), and
      carbamazepine were examined in amygdaloid kindling preparations in cats. Daily
      electrical stimulation was delivered at the time of peak plasma levels.
      Comparative examination of the chronological pattern of the clinical seizure
      development, after discharge growth, and formation of distant independent spike
      foci was made between periods of kindling with chronic drug administration and of
      rekindling without drugs. Both phenobarbital and carbamazepine were effective,
      but phenytoin was totally ineffective. Prophylactic action of phenobarbital and
      carbamazepine was mainly through the suppression of the development of motor
      seizures manifestations in the former and the same with the development of
      sustained after discharge in the latter. The kindling preparation appears to
      possess many desirable features as an ideal model of human epilepsy for the
      purpose of assessment and recruitment of potential antiepileptic drugs and
      development of a rational pharmacotherapeutic approach for the management and
      prevention of seizure disorder.

PMID- 180936
TI  - Neuromuscular disorder associated with a defect in mitochondrial energy supply.
AB  - A limb muscle biopsy specimen from a patient with a slowly progressive congenital
      neuromuscular disorder disclosed, by electron microscopy, widespread
      mitochondrial crystalline inclusions. Biochemical studies of isolated
      mitochondria showed decreased respiratory rate and respiratory control with both
      nicotine adenine dinucleotide and flavor-protein-linked substrates. Mitochondrial
      adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, both basal and magnesium (Mg++)  or
      2,4-dinitrophenol- (DNP) stimulated, was greatly reduced in contrast to normal.
      The rate and extent of mitochondrial calcium accumulation was normal. These
      findings are consistent with a defect of the respiratory chain-linked energy
      transfer at a level common to all three energy coupling sites of the respiratory
      chain. The defect in ATPase activity may be secondary to replacement of
      functional mitochondrial inner membrane by crystalline inclusions.

PMID- 180937
TI  - Biochemical abnormalities of erythrocyte membranes in Duchenne dystrophy.
      Adenosine triphosphatase and adenyl cyclase.
AB  - Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in erythrocyte membranes from patients
      with Duchenne dystrophy was inhibited by ouabain less than in normal individuals
      in assay systems containing high or low contents of salt. Epinephrine and cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate increased total ATPase activity in all samples, and
      epinephrine restored ouabain sensitivity to the Duchenne membranes. Basal adenyl
      cyclase activity in about twice that of controls. Epinephrine stimulated adenyl
      cyclase activity of normal membranes two to three times, but did not stimulate
      the enzyme in Duchenne membranes. These differences may reflect a genetic
      abnormality of the membrane.

PMID- 180939
TI  - Letter: Hemiplegic amyotrophy.

PMID- 180938
TI  - Treatment of malignant glioma. A controlled study of chemotherapy and
      irradiation.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with malignant glioma were randomly divided into two groups
      after extensive tumor resection. Those in group A received, every five to eight
      weeks, a course of chemotherapy consisting of intravenously administered
      carmustine, 80 mg/sq m/day for three days, and vincristine sulfate, 1.4mg/sq m on
      days 1 and 8. Patients in group B were treated identically and received radiation
      therapy (RT) as well, 4,500 rads whole brain plus 1,500 rads to the side of the
      tumor. The median survival time of group A was 30 weeks, while that of group B
      was 44.5 weeks, but the overall survival curves were not significantly different.
      The median survival times exceeded the 17 weeks reported elsewhere in comparable
      patients not receiving postoperative therapy. Estimates of the quality of
      survival suggested (1) the two groups were not comparable following
      randomization, possibly influencing the results; and (2) postoperative radiation
      and chemotherapy do not increase morbidity and offer a longer period than other
      treatments during which patients' conditions remain stable or improve.

PMID- 180940
TI  - [Primary hyperoxaluria. Clinical, histological and crystallographic study of the
      ocular lesions].
AB  - A post-mortem histological examination of the eyes of a case of primary
      hyperoxaluria revealed the presence of crystals in the ciliary processes and at
      the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. The crystallography study
      demonstrated that it consisted of wewhellite. The ocular lesions are compared
      with those found by other authors in primary hyperoxaluria, after prolonged
      methoxyflurane anaesthesia, after experimental administration of dibutyloxalic
      acid or naphthalene, and in the human retina in longstanding detachments. Most of
      the factors which give rise to the presence in the eye of oxalate and its
      selective precipitation in the midst of certain ocular tissues remain
      hypothetical. The retinal lesions observed in primary hyperoxaluria appear to be
      pathognomonic for hyperoxalaemia.

PMID- 180941
TI  - Extracellular glucans produced by oral streptococci.

PMID- 180942
TI  - Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: therapeutic response to antiviral drugs.
AB  - In vitro studies have demonstrated a relative resistance of herpes simplex virus
      type 2 to antiviral therapy when compared with herpes simplex virus type 1. The
      in vivo studies, however, show an excellent therapeutic response to both
      antiviral drugs in experimentally induced viral keratoconjunctivitis.

PMID- 180943
TI  - The Richner-Hanhart syndrome: report of a case with associated tyrosinemia.
AB  - The Richner-Hanhart syndrome with tyrosinemia was recognized in a mentally
      retarded adolescent boy. The clinical manifestations, including hyperkeratosis of
      the volar aspects of the hands and feet, thickening of the conjunctival
      epithelium, and corneal opacities, as well as biochemical aberrations of tyrosine
      metabolism, responded to specific treatment with a diet low in phenylalanine and
      tyrosine. Light and electron microscopical studies illustrate the underlying
      conjunctival pathologic changes.

PMID- 180944
TI  - Malignant optic glioma in a 70-year-old patient.
AB  - In a 70-year-old man with glioma of the optic nerves and tracts, the initial
      symptom was a unilateral loss of vision that progressed rapidly and was followed
      by amaurosis of both eyes. All diagnostic radiological procedures were negative.
      Four months after the onset of the disease, the patient developed hemiplegia,
      became comatose, and died. Post-mortem examination revealed a glioblastoma
      multiforme of both optic nerves, chiasma, and optic tracts that extended
      posteriorly into the left thalamus and medial geniculate body. The tumoral
      thickening of the optic nerves was absent in the intracanalicular part, a finding
      that concurred with the normal radiological appearance of the optic foramen.
      Glioblastoma multiforme of the optic pathways should be included in the
      differential diagnosis of acute visual failure in elderly people, even though the
      final diagnosis may be possible only at postmortem examination.

PMID- 180945
TI  - Salivary gland tumors of the base of the tongue.

PMID- 180946
TI  - In defense of SISIs. The short increment sensitivity index.
AB  - We review the Short Increment Sensitivity Index (SISI) in terms of its
      performance with a variety of sites of lesion and its likely physiologic basis.
      We conclude that its original schema can be broadened to extend its clinical
      application if changes are made in the parameters of its routine use. The two
      major changes involve (1) a presentation level of no less than 90 dB hearing
      threshold level (HTL) and (2) a bimodal interpretation of results based on the
      premise that high scores indicate normal cochlear function and low scores
      indicate extensive cochlear damage or neural dysfunction. We suggest that routine
      use of the modifications suggested here can provide useful diagnostic information
      and bring to light a group of neurally impaired patients that has been relatively
      ignored.

PMID- 180947
TI  - Thalidomide anomalies of the ear.
AB  - Eighteen 12- to 16-year-old patients with thalidomide embryopathy were examined
      otologically and neurotologically to clarify both morphological and functional
      ear anomalies. Ear anomalies were found in the external, middle, and inner ears.
      However, the inner ear, especially the vestibular portion of the labyrinth, was
      more extensively undeveloped both morphologically and functionally. Dysfunctions
      were concomitant in the oculomotor and the vestibular systems.

PMID- 180948
TI  - Evidence for recombination between two different immunological types of foot-and
      mouth disease virus.
AB  - Recombination was observed between temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of two
      immunological types of foot-and-mouth disease virus which were distinguishable by
      two marker characteristics in addition to their antigenic type. Putative ts+
      recombinants were isolated and the segregation patterns of their marker
      characteristics examined. The results are discussed in terms of the origin of new
      sub-type strains.

PMID- 180949
TI  - Coppr deficiency in the rat. Relationship to chronic cyanide poisoning.
AB  - Daily administration of increasing doses intraperitoneally of  2.5-4.0 mg NaCN/kg
      to male Wistar rats for 5 weeks produced acute signs of poisoning immediately
      post-injection but no sign of chronic toxicity except lower final body weights
      than in control rats. CN-treated rats had less liver copper than controls, but
      not below the range of normality, and their liver mitochondrial membranes were
      24% less able to bind adenine nucleotides than control membranes. No other
      biochemical or pathological sign of copper deficiency occurred. Liver cytochrome
      oxidase activity was normal after the 5 weeks of CN-administration, as was the
      ability of liver mitochondria to synthesize phospholipids. The ultrastructure of
      hepatocytes was normal without evidence of the enlarged, misshapen mitochondria
      produced by copper deficiency. Normal cytochrome oxidase activity of liver
      mitochondria, together with reduced liver copper levels and reduced binding
      affinity of mitochondrial membranes for adenine nucleotides, indicate that the
      membrane binding site for adenine nucleotides is not cytochrome oxidase per se
      but may involve copper, perhaps by virtue of its cationicity. With repeated
      exposure to CN- rats develop tolerance to acute poisoning. It is suggested that
      this may be due to the switch in glucose catabolism towards the pentose pathway
      at the expense of other pathways.

PMID- 180952
TI  - The day I diagnosed my patient/husband.

PMID- 180950
TI  - The role of calcium binding protein in the mechanism of action of cholecalciferol
      (vitamin D3).
AB  - A role has been sought for the calcium binding protein (CaBP) which is
      synthesised de novo after giving cholecalciferol (CC, vitamin D3) to rachitic
      chicks. After homogenation of mucosal cells in sucrose media, the CaBP was found
      in the 78,000 X g supernatant. Therefore, the CaBP is either present in the
      cytoplasm or in some labile membrane structure, e.g. the microvilli, that is
      disrupted by homogenation. This intracellular CaBP may facilitate diffusion of Ca
      into intestinal cells. No secretion of CaBP into the lumen could be detected nor
      did excess CaBP placed in the lumen increase Ca absorption of rachitic chicks.
      The mitochondria of duodenal mucosal cells contained most of the Ca being
      translocated by the small intestine. CaBP caused release of Ca already present in
      mitochondria and diminished Ca uptake by mitochondria and it appreared to do this
      by increasing the rate of Ca flux across the mitochondrial membrane. This would
      explain the greater "turnover" of Ca in mucosal cells of cholecalciferol-treated
      chicks. These and previous findings have been used to propose a scheme for the
      effect of cholecalciferol on Ca transport from the small intestine.

PMID- 180951
TI  - Sleep and the treatment of insomnia. Part 1. The physiology of sleep.

PMID- 180953
TI  - Caviation in lung cancers.
AB  - This paper examines the incidence of cavitation among tumours of the lung, the
      various radiological appearances and cellular types of these cavitated tumours,
      and the resulted of sputum cytology. Over a 46 months' period, histological and
      or cytological evidence of pulmonary neoplasm was found in 244 subjects whose
      posteroanterior chest radiographs showed opacities suggestive of pulmonary
      malignant disease. Of the 244 lung tumours, 220 (90%) were primary and 24 (10%)
      were secondary. Twenty-seven tumours (11%) were cavitated. Every cavitated tumour
      but one was a primary lung neoplasm. Twenty-one (81%) of these 26 cavitated
      primary lung tumours were squamous cell carcinoma. Large cell undifferentiated
      carcinoma (two cases of 7%), adenocarcinoma (one case or 4%) small cell
      undifferentiated carcinoma (one case or 4%) and alveolar cell carcinoma (one case
      or 4%) made up the rest. Sputum was examined for cells on 185 patients with
      primary solid and in 25 patients with primary cavitated lung cancers. Cancer
      cells were found in 152 patients (72%). Surprisingly, the finding of cancer cells
      in the sputum was no more frequent in cavitated tumours than in solid tumours. It
      is concluded that if a cavitated lesion in the radiograph is maglinant, a primary
      squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is the most likely cause. Sputum cytology
      performed by a competent cytologist is a very useful and simple diagnostic tool,
      but it appears to be no more helpful in diagnosing cavitated than in solid lung
      cancers.

PMID- 180954
TI  - Plasma lipids in extra hepatic biliary obstruction.
AB  - Detailed studies of plasmsa lipids and lipoproteins were carried out on a large
      number of patients with proven extra hepatic biliary obstruction (EHO) to
      determine if changes are confined to the phospholipids and cholesterol fractions
      or whether the hypertriglyceridaemia, found previously in isolated studies, is
      present consistently and to a significant degree. Plasma lipids were also
      compared before and after surgical relief of the obstruction. In 15 patients with
      EHO (aged 16 to 78 years), compared to 23 controls (aged 18 to 63 years), there
      was an increase in total cholesterol due to an increase in the unesterified
      fraction, increase in unesterified to esterified cholesterol ratio, increase in
      phospholipids and increase in phospholipid to cholesterol ratio. The most
      striking finding was a marked and persistent elevation of triglyceride.
      Furthermore the increase in triglyceride was of a similar magnitude to
      cholesterol and phospholipid. Following relief of pbstruction the triglyceride
      returned to normal. The hypertriglyceridaemia in cases of EHO was associated with
      a clear serum and negative cold aggregation test in contrast to the changes in
      cases of endogenous (type IV) hypertriglyceridaemia. Hypertriglyceridaemia in EHO
      was associated with a broad beta fraction on the electrophoretogram. Lipoprotein
      X was also detected and persisted after the relief of the obstruction despite the
      return of other lipid changes to normal.

PMID- 180955
TI  - Isolation and characterisation of bovine herpesvirus mammillitis virus and its
      pathogenicity for cattle.
AB  - Ten viruses isolated from swabs and vesicular fluid collected from the teats of
      dairy cattle on 4 properties in Northern Victoria were identified as bovine
      herpes mammillitis (BHM) viruses by their physico-chemical and morphological
      properties and serological relationship to each other and a Scottish Strain of
      BHM virus. The viruses, isolated in bovine kidney and testicular cell cultures,
      produced cytopathic effects characterised by very large syncytia and eosinophilic
      intranuclear inculsion bodies. The intradermal inoculation of BHM virus into two
      cattle produced necrosis and ulceration of the skin of the teats about the area
      of inoculation and the development of serum neutralising antibody. After healing
      of the ulcers on day 37 after inoculation, the cattle were intravenously
      inoculated with corticosteroid for 6 days but BHM virus was not re-isolated from
      the teat skin or vaginal or nasal swabs.

PMID- 180956
TI  - Bovine herpes mammillitis of dairy cattle in Victoria.
AB  - The occurrences of bovine herpes mammillitis in the Cohuna and Numurkah districts
      of northcentral Victoria is described. The disease was characterised by painful
      swollen teats, necrosis of variable areas of the teat skin, formation of blue
      black scabs which sloughed leaving ulcers which were slow to heal. The outbreaks
      occurred during tspring months of October to mid-December when as many as 90% of
      milking cows in herds became infected. Epidemiologically the infection behaved as
      though it was transmitted by insects but proof of insect transmission was not
      attempted.

PMID- 180957
TI  - In vitro biological differences between the pathogenic and the apathogenic
      Marek's disease herpesvirus.
AB  - When three pathogenic and four apathogenic isolants of Marek's disease
      herpesvirus (MDHV) were compared, the pathogenic isolants differed from the
      apathogenic isolants in their in vitro growth and sensitivity to plaque
      inhibition by dextran sulfate. Plaques by the pathogenic MDHV isolants were
      distinctively different in their morphology from those by the apathogenic
      isolants, the plaque difference being most pronounced in chick embryo fibroblase
      (CEF) and duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cell cultures. The pathogenic isolants
      formed plaques similarly in both CEF and DEF cultures, whereas the apathogenic
      isolants did so readily in CEF cultures, but very poorly in DEF cultures. The
      pathogenic isolants replicated better in DEF than in CEF cultures, whereas the
      apathogenic isolants replicated better in CEF than in DEF cultures. The
      sensitivitty to plaque inhibition by dextran sulfate was greater for the
      apathogenic isolants than for the pathogenic isolants of MDHV.

PMID- 180958
TI  - A possible association between plaque type and pathogenicity of Marek's disease
      herpesvirus.
AB  - Eighteen isolants of Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDHV) were examined for their
      plaque types in chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures and their pathogenicity
      to an experimental line of White Leghorns highly susceptible to MD. Seven
      isolants (Id-1, GA, WSU-GF, and 4 field isolants) induced morphologically similar
      small-cell plaques (SC plaques) consisting of small round refractile cells,
      whereas 11 isolants (HN and 10 isolants from zoo birds) all induced large-cell
      plaques (LC plaques) containing large cells along with small refractile cells.
      The 7 SC plaque isolants all produced clinical MD with high incidences of gross
      MD tumors, while all 11 LC plaque isolants produced subclinical infection with
      only minimal histologic lesions. This observation strongly suggests a possible
      association between plaque type and pathogenicity of MDHV isolants.

PMID- 180959
TI  - Vaccination and revaccination with a Holland (H) strain of infectious bronchitis
      virus.
AB  - One-day-old chickens possessing maternally derived immunity to Massachusetts-type
      infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were vaccinated by the eyedrop route with a
      Holland (H) IBV strain of the Massachusetts type. Vaccination was done with the
      72nd and 92nd passages in chicken embryos. Attenuation of the virus was done in
      the authors' laboratory. Four weeks postvaccination the immunity was challenged
      with 8 different IBV serotypes. A broad spectrum of protection from respiratory
      signs was obtained in each of the challenged groups (compared with unvaccinated
      controls). With 5 of the challenge viruses, protection against tracheal virus
      shed was good (70% or greater). Revaccination at 4 weeks old by the aerosol route
      with the 53rd and 72nd passages did not greatly enhance protection. However, the
      virus-serum-neutralizing (VN) titers with Massachusetts-type IBV as an indicator
      were high, and an anamnestic response was demonstrated at 8 weeks of age. The VN
      titers observed at 4 weeks old were generally low and did not correlate
      necessarily with the protection engendered.

PMID- 180961
TI  - Emergence pattern of egg-adapted avian encephalomyelitis virus by alternating
      passage in chickens and embryos.
AB  - The chance of inducing complete egg-adaptation was slight in alternating passage
      in chickens and embryos with chicken-brain-passaged viruses of wild avian
      encephalomyelitis viruses: egg-adaptation was accomplished by use of an incipient
      egg-adapting mutant, but failed with other passaged virus.

PMID- 180960
TI  - Strains of infectious bronchitis virus on the Delmarva peninsula and in Arkansas.
AB  - The constant-virus variable-serum neutralization test in chicken tracheal
      cultures was used to serotype infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolants from the
      Delmarva peninsula and Arkansas. Of 106 isolants obtained from Delmarva in 1971
      1974, 93 were found to be the JMK strain, 5 Massachusetts (Mass), 5 Connecticut
      (Conn), 2 a new strain designated Maryland (Md) 27, and 1 a new strain designated
      Md 31. Of 26 isolants obtained from Arkansas between October, 1971, and February,
      1973, 17 were Arkansas (Ark) 99, 4 Mass, 1 Conn, and 1 an additional new strain,
      designated Ark 155. Antisera produced against 2 more isolants each neutralized
      both Ark 99 and Mass viruses. Antiserum against another isolant neutralized both
      Ark 155 and Conn viruses. The neutralizing characteristics of the new strains are
      described.

PMID- 180962
TI  - Reticuloendotheliosis group virus pathogenic to chicken isolated from material
      infected with turkey herpesvirus (HVT).

PMID- 180964
TI  - Interrelation of atmospheric ozone and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) production in
      man.
AB  - Mean atmospheric ozone levels have increased steadily in the last 25 years, and
      this is likely to have decreased the amount of UVR reaching the earth's surface.
      Vitamin D3 formation in man depends on the UV irradiation of a precursor in the
      skin, and so we have used a computer, and the action spectrum for D3 production,
      to calculate the probable reduction in vitamin D3 formed by the human skin as a
      result of the increased ozone levels. We estimate that in the period from 1951 to
      1972 the total vitamin D accumulation by the body might have thus been reduced by
      15%.

PMID- 180963
TI  - Anorexia as the probable cause of plasma alpha-lipoprotein changes seen in avian
      erythroblastosis.
AB  - The plasma alpha-lipoprotein bands seen on starch-gel electrophoresis are
      progressively split and retarded as avian erythroblastosis progresses. Similar
      changes may be produced in normal birds by starvation, and by pair-feeding
      methods. Anorexia appears to be a major cause, if not the total cause, of the
      plasma alpha-lipoprotein changes seen in erythroblastosis.

PMID- 180965
TI  - Blockade of oral morphine consumption in the male albino rat by hypophysectomy.

PMID- 180966
TI  - [The course of iron, zinc, silicic acid and aluminum clearance from the lung and
      liver after repeated intratracheal application of carbon dust (animal
      experiments)].

PMID- 180967
TI  - Change in the mixed function oxidase system of liver microsomes in rats treated
      with 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene.
AB  - The mixed function oxidase systems of plasma membranes, the Golgi apparatus, and
      smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula of the livers of rats fed on a standard
      diet containing 0.06% (w/w) 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene were
      investigated. The components and activities of the mixed function oxidase systems
      of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were especially reduced
      by the carcinogen. The activities for hydroxylation of anilines and demethylation
      of p-nitroanisole and the contents of cytochromes P-450 and b5 of the
      submicrosomal fractions of the rats decreased considerably more than the
      activities of NADH- and NADPH-ferricyanide reductases. More than 90% of the ferri
      cytochrome P-450 content of the 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene induced
      microsomes at 20 K was in the low spin form.

PMID- 180968
TI  - Detection of T-cell surface determinants in three Marek's disease lymphoblastoid
      cell lines.
AB  - The T-cell surface antigens on three lymphoblastoid cell lines, MOB1, MOB-2 and
      MSB-1, derived from Marek's disease lymphomas were examined by the cytotoxicity
      test and the indirect membrane immunofluorescent test. These cell lines reacted
      specifically with antisera prepared against chicken thymus cells, although their
      reactivities were less than that of typical thymus cells. These three cell lines
      were of thymus origin.

PMID- 180969
TI  - A lymphoblastoid cell line dually infected with Marek's disease virus and avian
      leukosis virus.

PMID- 180970
TI  - Lack of expressions of endogenous (gs, chick helper factor) and exogenous avian
      RNA tumor viruses in the MOB-1 and MSB-1 lines derived from Marek's disease
      lymphomas.

PMID- 180971
TI  - The regulation of carbamoyl phosphate synthase activity in rat liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - The rate at which isolated rat liver mitochondria synthesized citrulline with
      NH4C1 as nitrogen source was markedly dependent on the protein content of the
      diet. 2. Citrulline synthesis was not rate-limited by substrate concentration,
      substrate transport or ornithine transcarbamoylase activity under the conditions
      used. 3. The intramitochondrial content of an activator of carbamoyl phosphate
      synthase, assumed to be N-acetyl-glutamate, varied markedly with dietary protein
      content. The variation in the concentration of this activator was sufficient to
      account for the observed variation in the rates of citrulline synthesis if this
      synthesis were rate-limited by the activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthase. 4.
      The rates of urea formation from NH4Cl as nitrogen source in isolated liver cells
      showed variations in response to diet that closely paralleled the variations in
      the rates of citrulline synthesis observed in isolated mitochondria. 5. These
      results are consistent with the postulate that when NH4Cl plus ornithine are
      present in an excess, the rate of urea synthesis is regulated at the level of
      carbamoyl phosphate synthase activity.

PMID- 180972
TI  - Kinetic characterization of the membrane-bound cytochromes of Escherichia coli
      grown under a variety of conditions by using a stopped-flow dual-wavelength
      spectrophotometer.
AB  - A study was made of the rapid oxidation kinetics of the cytochromes of
      Escherichia coli. The b-type cytochromes were kinetically heterogeneous, with one
      species (presumably cytochrome o) oxidized so rapidly that it could fully support
      observed oxidation rates. Cytochrome d but not cytochrome a1 was also kinetically
      competent to support respiration. However, in cells grown anaerobically in the
      presence of NO3-, cytochrome d exhibited slow oxidation kinetics and a red-shift
      in its reduced-minus-oxidized difference spectrum.

PMID- 180973
TI  - The structure and subunit composition of the particulate NADH-ubiquinone
      reductase of bovine heart mitochondria.
AB  - Preparations of NADH-ubiquinone reductase from bovine heart mitochondria (Complex
      I) were shown to contain at least 16 polypeptides by gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. 2. High-molecular-weight soluble NADH
      dehydrogenase prepared from Triton X-100 extracts of submitochondrial particles
      [Baugh & King (1972) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 49, 1165-1173] was similar to
      Complex I in its polypeptide composition. 3. Solubilization of Complex I by
      phospholipase A treatment and subsequent sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation
      did not alter the polypeptide composition. 4. Lysophosphatidylcholine treatment
      of Complex I caused some selective solubilization of a polypeptide of mol.wt.
      33000 previosuly postulated to be the transmembrane component of Complex I in the
      mitochondrial membrane [Ragan (1975) in Energy Transducing Membranes: Structure,
      Function and Reconstitution (Bennun, Bacila & Najjar, eds.), Junk, The Hague, in
      the press]. 5. Chaotropic resolution of Complex I caused solubilization of
      polypeptides of molecular weights 75000, 53000, 29000, 26000 and 15500 and traces
      of others in the 10000-20000-mol.wt.range. 6. The major components of the iron
      protein fraction from chaotropic resolution had molecular weights of 75000, 53000
      and 29000, whereas the flavoprotein contained polypeptides of molecular weights
      53000 and 26000 in a 1:1 molar ratio. 7. Iodination of Complex I by
      lactoperoxidase indicated that the water-soluble polypeptides released by
      chaotropic resolution, in particular those of the flavoprotein fraction, were
      largely buried in the intact Complex. 8. The polypeptides of molecular weights
      75000, 53000, 42000, 39000, 33000, 29000 and 26000 were present in 1:2:1:1:1:1:1
      molar proportions. The two subunits of molecular weight 53000 are probably non
      identical.

PMID- 180975
TI  - Regulation of enzyme turnover during tissue differentiation. Interactions of
      insulin, prolactin and cortisol in controlling the turnover of fatty acid
      synthetase in rabbit mammary gland in organ culture.
AB  - 1. Explants of mammary gland from mid-pregnant rabbits were cultured in Medium
      199 containing combinations of insulin, prolactin and cortisol. With hormone
      combinations which included prolactin, a sustained increase in the apparent rate
      of synthesis and in the amount of fatty acid synthetase was measurable
      immunologically. Maximum increase was produced with insulin, prolactin and
      cortisol present together. 2. With prolactin present alone, synthetase activity
      in the explants decreased to undetectable values after 1 day in culture, whereas
      the incorporation of l-[U-(14)C]leucine into immunodetectable material increased.
      Prolactin may therefore direct the synthesis of immunologically cross-reactive
      precursors of fatty acid synthetase which are enzymically inactive. 3. Culture
      with dibutyryl cyclic AMP plus theophylline in the presence of insulin, prolactin
      and cortisol delayed the increase in the rate of synthesis and accumulation of
      the synthetase. These compounds may also prevent the apparent decrease in the
      rate of degradation of the synthetase which occurs on day 2 of culture. 4. A
      large decrease in the apparent rate of degradation of the synthetase on day 2 of
      culture occurs during culture with hormone combinations which include prolactin.
      The protein obtained by centrifugation of explant homogenates for 6min at
      14000g(av.) is degraded continuously throughout the culture period. 5. This
      decrease in the apparent rate of degradation of the synthetase was measured by
      radio-immunological precipitation. It is probably part of a regulated programme
      of enzyme degradation and not a reflexion of the reutilization of radioactive
      amino acids for the following reasons. (a) The calculated increase in the amount
      of the synthetase in explants on day 2 of culture with insulin, prolactin and
      cortisol was approximately equal to the measured increase of the enzyme complex
      which accumulates in the explants. This suggests little or no enzyme degradation
      has occurred. (b) Explants were cultured for 24h with insulin, prolactin and
      cortisol. They were then incubated with l-[U-(14)C]leucine, washed and incubated
      again for up to 4(1/2)h. l-[U-(14)C]Leucine rapidly equilibrated with the
      intracellular amino acid pool. Within 10min of incubation after washing explants
      to remove endogenous l-[U-(14)C]leucine the previously linear incorporation of l
      [U-(14)C]-leucine into total explant protein ceased. This suggests that protein
      is synthesized from an amino acid pool which rapidly equilibrates with amino
      acids in the culture medium. (c) Explants were cultured for 24h as described in
      (b) but after washing they were cultured with insulin, prolactin and cortisol for
      24h. Approx. 90% of the radioactivity lost from the ;free' intracellular amino
      acid pool and from amino acids derived from the degradation of explant protein in
      this period was detected in the culture medium. This suggests that the ;free'
      intracellular amino acids and amino acids derived from protein degradation can
      equilibrate with amino acids in the medium. A residual ;free' radioactive amino
      acid pool was present in the tissue. (d) Casein represents approx. 20% of the
      protein synthesized after 1 day in culture with insulin, prolactin and cortisol.
      Histological evidence suggests that on day 2 of culture, casein is unlikely to be
      degraded in the tissue. No increase in the radioactivity incorporated into casein
      can be measured in the 23h after incubation of explants with l-[U-(14)C]leucine
      as described in (b). This suggests that the incorporation of radioactivity into
      proteins during culture after incubation with l-[U-(14)C]leucine is minimal. (e)
      Inhibition of protein synthesis in explants by cycloheximide after incubation
      with l-[U-(14)C]leucine does not reveal a latent continuous degradation of fatty
      acid synthetase on day 2 of culture which might have been masked by the high
      rates of protein synthesis and therefore the accumulation of the enzyme. 6. The
      conclusion is discussed that there is a real decrease (or even cessation) in the
      rate of degradation of fatty acid synthetase during the period when the enzyme
      accumulates in explants cultured with hormone combinations which contain
      prolactin.

PMID- 180974
TI  - Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in rat heart. Mechanism of regulation of
      proportions of dephosphorylated and phosphorylated enzyme by oxidation of fatty
      acids and ketone bodies and of effects of diabetes: role of coenzyme A, acetyl
      coenzyme A and reduced and oxidized nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide.
AB  - The proportion of active (dephosphorylated) pyruvate dehydrogenase in perfused
      rat heart was decreased by alloxan-diabetes or by perfusion with media containing
      acetate, n-octanoate or palmitate. The total activity of the dehydrogenase was
      unchanged. 2. Pyruvate (5 or 25mM) or dichloroacetate (1mM) increased the
      proportion of active (dephosphorylated) pyruvate dehydrogenase in perfused rat
      heart, presumably by inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase reaction.
      Alloxan-diabetes markedly decreased the proportion of active dehydrogenase in
      hearts perfused with pyruvate or dichloroacetate. 3. The total activity of
      pyruvate dehydrogenase in mitochondria prepared from rat heart was unchanged by
      diabetes. Incubation of mitochondria with 2-oxo-glutarate plus malate increased
      ATP and NADH concentrations and decreased the proportion of active pyruvate
      dehydrogenase. The decrease in active dehydrogenase was somewhat greater in
      mitochondria prepared from hearts of diabetic rats than in those from hearts of
      non-diabetic rats. Pyruvate (0.1-10 mM) or dichloroacetate (4-50 muM) increased
      the proportion of active dehydrogenase in isolated mitochondria presumably by
      inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase reaction. They were much less
      effective in mitochondria from the hearts of diabetic rats than in those of non
      diabetic rats. 4. The matrix water space was increased in preparations of
      mitochondria from hearts of diabetic rats. Dichloroacetate was concentrated in
      the matrix water of mitochondria of non-diabetic rats (approx. 16-fold at 10
      muM); mitochondria from hearts of diabetic rats concentrated dichloroacetate less
      effectively. 5. The pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase activity of rat
      hearts and of rat heart mitochondria (approx. 1-2 munit/unit of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase) was not affected by diabetes. 6. The rate of oxidation of [1
      14C]pyruvate by rat heart mitochondria (6.85 nmol/min per mg of protein with 50
      muM-pyruvate) was approx. 46% of the Vmax. value of extracted pyruvate
      dehydrogenase (active form). Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, which increased the ratio of
      [acetyl-CoA]/[CoA] 16-fold, inhibited oxidation of pyruvate by about 90% without
      changing the proportion of active pyruvate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 180976
TI  - Protein kinase activity in rat testis interstitial tissue. Effect of luteinizing
      hormone and other factors.
AB  - Protein kinase activity was determined in subcellular fractions of rat testis
      interstitial tissue after incubation of the intact tissue with LH (luteinizing
      hormone) in vitro. Various factors that might have changed the activity of this
      enzyme during preparation of the fractions before assay were also investigated.
      The following results were obtained. 1. LH and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (a
      phosphodiesterase inhibitor) added together during incubation of the interstitial
      tissue caused a twofold increase in the protein kinase activity in the total
      tissue homogenate and subcellular fractions (12000g X 5 min pellet and 105000g X
      60 min supernatant and pellet). 2. A decrease of approx. 40% in the total amount
      of protein kinase recovered in the soluble fraction (105000g supernatant)
      occurred in tissue incubated with LH and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine when
      compared with the controls. No change in total activity was found in the other
      fractions. 3. LH and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine caused an increase in cyclic AMP
      concentration in the soluble fraction (from 30 +/- 6 to 450 +/- 40 pmol/mg of
      protein, means +/- S.E.M., n = 4), but there was little or no increase in the
      particulate fractions [from 9 +/- 1 to 13 +/- 3 pmol/mg of protein (n = 3) and
      from 6 +/- 2 to 23 +/- 11 pmol/mg of protein (n = 3) in the 12000g and 105000g
      pellets respectively]. 4 Addition of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine alone had little
      effect on protein kinase activity or cyclic AMP concentrations. 5. Little or no
      protein kinase activity could be demonstrated in subcellular particulate
      fractions unless Triton X-100 was added; the effect of this detergent was shown
      to be at least partly due to the inhibition of adenosine triphosphatase activity.
      6. In the presence of Triton X-100 approx. 57% of the total protein kinase
      activity in the homogenate was found in the 105000g supernatant compared with 11%
      in the 105000g pellet and 32% in the 12000g pellet. 7. In contrast with adipose
      tissue protein kinase [Corbin et al. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 1813-1821] the
      relative amounts of cyclic AMP-dependent and -dependent enzyme were not affected
      by dilution of the interstitial-tissue fractions. NaCl (0.5 M) decreased the
      estimated total amount of protein kinase activity.

PMID- 180977
TI  - Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity and nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide in differentiating cardiac muscle.
AB  - Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in nuclei isolated from differentiating
      cardiac muscle of the rat has been characterized and its activity measured during
      development. Optimum enzyme activity is observed at pH 8.5. Poly(ADP-ribose)
      polymerase is inhibited by ATP, thymidine, nicotinamide, theophylline, 3-isobutyl
      1-methylxanthine and caffeine and stimulated by actinomycin D. The activity
      measured under optimal assay conditions increases during differentiation of
      cardiac muscle and is inversely related to the rate of DNA synthesis and to the
      activities of DNA polymerase alpha and thymidine kinase. When DNA synthesis and
      the activity of DNA polymerase alpha are inhibited in cardiac muscle of the 1-day
      old neonatal rat by dibutyryl cyclic AMP or isoproterenol, the specific activity
      of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase measured in isolated nuclei is increased. The
      concentration of NAD+ in cardiac muscle increases during postnatal development.
      In the adult compared with the 1-day-old neonatal rat the concentration of NAD+
      relative to fresh tissue weight, DNA or protein increased 1.7-fold, 5.2-fold or
      1.4-fold respectively. The concentration of NAD+ in cardiac muscle of the 1-day
      old neonatal rat can be increased by approx. 20% by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. These
      data suggest that NAD+ and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase may be involved with the
      repression of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in differentiating cardiac
      muscle.

PMID- 180978
TI  - Nitrogenase of Azotobacter chroococcum. Kinetics of the reduction of oxidized
      iron-protein by sodium dithionite.
AB  - The kinetics of the reduction of oxidized Fe-protein of nitrogenase from
      Azotobacter chroococcum by sodium dithionite were studied by stopped-flow and
      rapid-freezing e.p.r. (electron-paramagnetic-resonance) spectroscopy. The
      appearance of the gav. = 1.94 e.p.r. signal (0.24 electron integrated
      intensity/mol) was associated with a one-electron reduction by SO2--with k
      greater than 10(8)M-1-S-1 at 23 degrees C. A value of k = 1.75s-1 was obtained
      for the rate of dissociation of S2O42- into 2SO2-- at 23 degrees C. Further
      reductions by SO2-- occurred in three slower phases with rate constants in the
      range 10(4) -10(6)M-1-S-1. These latter phases have no corresponding e.p.r.
      signal changes and are probably associated with enzymically inactive protein. The
      high rate of reduction by SO2-- of the Fe-protein alone (k greater than 10(8)M-1
      S-1) relative to the rate of oxidation of the Fe-protein in the catalytically
      active Fe:Mo-Fe protein complex (k = 2.2 X 1O(2)s-1) and the observation that in
      the steady state the Fe-protein is substantially oxidized means that at normal
      assay concentrations another reaction must limit the rate of reduction of Fe
      protein during turnover.

PMID- 180979
TI  - State and accessibility of zinic in yeast alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - 1. Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) is inhibited in the presence of 1,10
      phenanthroline. 2. A conformational change in the enzyme's structure is induced
      by 1,10-phenanthroline, and is abolished in the presence of NADH. 1,10
      Phenanthroline binds to the enzyme competitively with respect to NADH, with a
      stoicheiometry of 2 mol of 1,10-phenanthroline/144000g of enzyme. 3. 1,10
      Phenanthroline induces a time-dependent dissociation of Zn2+ from the enzyme,
      which is in correlation with its inhibitions. 4. Spectrophotometric measurement
      indicates that the dissociation of half (2 zinc atoms/tetramer) of the total zinc
      content of the enzyme correlates with the full inhibition of its activity.
      Measurement of the tightly bound Zn2+ by atomic absorption photometry confirms
      this. 5. A proposition is advanced that the tetrameric molecule of yeast alcohol
      dehydrogenase possesses an inherent asymmetry, with four monomeric subunits being
      arranged in two mutually symmetrical pairs.

PMID- 180980
TI  - The binding of calcium to a salivary phosphoprotein, protein A, common to human
      parotid and submandibular secretions.
AB  - The binding of Ca2+ to a previously described phosphoprotein from human parotid
      saliva, protein A [Bennick (1975) Biochem J. 145, 557-567] was studied by means
      of equilibrium dialysis. In 5 mM-Tris/HC1 buffer, pH7.5, protein A bound 664nmol
      of Ca/mg of protein. Km was determined to be 181 muM and the binding of Ca2+ to
      the protein was non-co-operative. The binding of Ca2+ apparently occurs to side
      chain carboxyl groups in the protein, but protein phosphate is of minor if any
      importance in calcium binding. Hydrolysis of protein A by trypsin and collagenase
      or heating of the protein at 60 degrees or 100 degrees C did not affect Ca2+
      binding. The Ca2+ binding decreases with increased concentration of the dialysis
      buffer and on the addition of SrCl2, or MgCl2 or MnCl2 to the dialysis buffer.
      Protein A does not aggregate in the presence of Ca2+, since the s20,w was
      identical when determined in the presence (1.30S) and absence (1.35S) of CaCl2.
      By use of a specific antiserum to protein A it was found that protein C [Bennick
      & Connell (1971) Biochem. J. 123, 455-464] and perhaps minor related components
      cross-reacted with protein A. No other salivary proteins showed immunological
      similarity. Proteins A and C were also present in submandibular saliva. The
      possible functions of protein A are discussed.

PMID- 180981
TI  - Formation of angiotensin III by angiotensin-converting enzyme.
AB  - Angiotensin III is formed from des-Asp1 -angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting
      enzyme. The Km (11 muM) of the reaction is one-third of that for the conversion
      of angiotensin I into angiotensin II. As suggested by the Km values, bradykinin,
      peptide BPP9a and angiotensins II and III are better inhibitors of the formation
      of angiotensin II than of the formation of angiotensin III.

PMID- 180982
TI  - Electron-paramagnetic-resonance studies on the molybdenum of nitrate reductase
      from Escherichia coli K12.
AB  - Studies on the respiratory nitrate reductase (EC 1.7.99.4) from Escherichia coli
      K12 by electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopy indicate that its molybdenum
      centre is comparable with that in other molybdenum-containing enzymes. Two Mo(V)
      signals may be observed; one shows interaction of Mo(V) with a proton
      exchangeable with the solvent and has: A (1H) 0.9-1.2mT; g1 = 1.999; g2=1.985; g3
      = 1.964; gav. = 1.983. Molybdenum of both signal-giving species may be reduced
      with dithionite and reoxidized with nitrate.

PMID- 180983
TI  - A new non-functional form of milk xanthine oxidase containing stable
      quinquivalent molybdenum.
AB  - A new non-functional modified form of milk xanthine oxidase is described. This
      contains molybdenum in a quinquivalent state, which is resistant to both
      oxidation and reduction. The new species is derived from the native enzyme in a
      two-step process. The first step is the conversion into the desulpho form, via
      loss of the 'persulphide' sulphur, and the second involves reaction with ethylene
      glycol or other reagents. The species gives a characteristic Mo(V) electron
      paramagnetic-resonance signal, without proton splittings, designated Resting II.
      This is virtually identical with signals reported previously from resting turkey
      liver xanthine dehydrogenase and rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase. The possibility
      is discussed that species Resting II, prepared with ethylene glycol, contains a 
      COCH2OH residue bound to a nitrogen ligand of molybdenum.

PMID- 180984
TI  - Observations on the different substrate behavior of tropocollagen molecules in
      solution and intermolecularly cross-linked tropocollagen within insoluble
      polymeric collagen fibrils.
AB  - Bacterial collagenase was used to compare the extent of digestion of
      tropocollagen monomers in solution and in reconstituted fibrils with that of
      tropocollagen molecules intermolecularly cross-linked within insoluble polymeric
      collagen fibrils obtained from mature tendons at given time-intervals. The extent
      of digestion of tropocollagen monomers in solution was directly proportional to
      the enzyme concentration (a range of enzyme substrate molar ratios 1:200 to 1:10
      was used). The extent of digestion of polymeric collagen was followed by
      measuring the solubilization of fluorescent peptides from fluorescent-labelled
      insoluble polymeric collagen fibrils. The extent of digestion of tropocollagen
      within polymeric collagen was linear over a very small range of enzyme
      concentrations, when the enzyme/substrate ratio in the reaction mixture was less
      than 1:400 on a molecular basis. The behavior of tropocollagen in the form of
      reconstituted collagen fibrils, which had been matured at 37 degrees C for 8
      weeks, was intermediate between the behaviour of solutions of tropocollagen and
      insoluble polymeric collagen fibrils. The significance of the results is
      discussed in terms of the structure of polymeric collagen fibrils and the
      protection against enzymic attack provided by tropocollagen molecules on the
      circumference of the fibril. The results suggest that assays of collagenase
      activities based on tropocollagen as substrate cannot be directly related to the
      ability of these enzymes to degrade mature insoluble collagen fibrils.

PMID- 180986
TI  - Kinetic studies on the binding of cyanide to oxygenated cytochrome c oxidase.
AB  - The reaction of cyanide with oxygenated cytochrome c oxidase was followed by
      means of flow-flash techniques. The oxygenated form, produced after photolysis of
      the partially reduced CO complex in the presence of cyanide and O2, shows cyanide
      binding properties distinct from those of both the oxidized and the reduced forms
      of the protein. The binding is a single process (k = 22M-1-S-1) linearly
      dependent on cyanide concentration to as high as 75 mM. It is suggested that the
      oxygenated form is a conformational variant of the oxidized protein.

PMID- 180985
TI  - Selective inactivation of the transacylase components of the 2-oxo acid
      dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes of Escherichia coli.
AB  - 1. The reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Escherichia
      coli with maleimides was examined. In the absence of substrates, the complex
      showed little or no reaction with N-ethylmaleimide. However, in the presence of
      pyruvate and N-ethylmaleimide, inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
      was rapid. Modification of the enzyme was restricted to the transacetylase
      component and the inactivation was proportional to the extent of modification.
      The lipoamide dehydrogenase activity of the complex was unaffected by the
      treatment. The simplest explanation is that the lipoyl groups on the
      transacetylase are reductively acetylated by following the initial stages of the
      normal catalytic cycle, but are thereby made susceptible to modification.
      Attempts to characterize the reaction product strongly support this conclusion.
      2. Similarly, in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide and NADH, much of the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase activity was lost within seconds, whereas the lipoamide
      dehydrogenase activity of the complex disappeared more slowly: the initial site
      of the reaction with the complex was found to be in the lipoyl transacetylase
      component. The simplest interpretation of these experiments is that NADH reduces
      the covalently bound lipoyl groups on the transacetylase by means of the
      associated lipoamide dehydrogenase component, thereby rendering them susceptible
      to modification. However, the dependence of the rate and extent of inactivation
      on NADH concentration was complex and it proved impossible to inhibit the
      pyruvate dehydrogenase activity completely without unacceptable modification of
      the other component enzymes. 3. The catalytic reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2
      nitrobenzoic acid) by NADH in the presence of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
      was demonstrated. A new mechanism for this reaction is proposed in which NADH
      causes reduction of the enzyme-bound lipoic acid by means of the associated
      lipoamide dehydrogenase component and the dihydrolipoamide is then oxidized back
      to the disulphide form by reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). 4.
      A maleimide with a relatively bulky N-substituent, N-(4-diemthylamino-3,5
      dinitrophenyl)maleimide, was an effective replacement for N-ethylmaleimide in
      these reactions with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. 5. The 2-oxoglutarate
      dehydrogenase complex of E. coli behaved very similarly to the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex, in accord with the generally accepted mechanisms of the
      two enzymes. 6. The treatment of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes with
      maleimides in the presence of the appropriate 2-oxo acid substrate provides a
      simple method for selectively inhibiting the transacylase components and for
      introducing reporter groups on to the lipoyl groups covalently bound to those
      components.

PMID- 180987
TI  - Modification of native sheep liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by subtilisin.

PMID- 180988
TI  - Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin and N6-O2'-dibutyryl adenosine-3', 5'
      monophosphate on phosphofructokinase activity in isolated rat ovaries.

PMID- 180989
TI  - Partial purification of the glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver: a rapid, two
      step procedure using DNA-cellulose.

PMID- 180990
TI  - On the utilization of L-glutamine by glutamate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 180991
TI  - Evidence for differential synthesis of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine by
      cultured human thyroid cells following exposure to thyrotrophin or dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP.

PMID- 180993
TI  - Evidence for vitamin K semiquinone as the functional form of vitamin K in the
      liver vitamin K-dependent protein carboxylation reaction.

PMID- 180992
TI  - Isolation of the S-peptide formed on digestion of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
      with subtilisin and its non-covalent association with the enzyme protein.

PMID- 180994
TI  - The minimum substrate of cyclic AMP-stimulated protein kinase, as studied by
      synthetic peptides representing the phosphorylatable site of pyruvate kinase
      (type L) of rat liver.

PMID- 180995
TI  - Phosphoprotein phosphatase activity of Novikoff hepatoma nucleoli.

PMID- 180996
TI  - Endonucleolytic cleavage of murine leukemia virus 35S RNA by microsome-associated
      nuclease.

PMID- 180998
TI  - Electron transfer in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in the presence of nitrofurans.

PMID- 180997
TI  - Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover by histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine
      and adrenaline in the longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum.

PMID- 180999
TI  - Biochemical correlates for the pharmacological effects of L(+)-isomers and beta
      desoxy-sympathomimetic amines.

PMID- 181000
TI  - Actions of vasopressin-related peptides on glycogen metabolism in the perfused
      rat liver.

PMID- 181001
TI  - Effects of quinterenol (1-(5-(8-hydroxyquinolyl))-2-isopropylaminoethanol) on the
      metabolism of adipose tissue.

PMID- 181002
TI  - Effects of epinephrine and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors on the
      glycogen synthetic pathway and glucose content in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 181004
TI  - Effect of fluorosteroids on drug response and metabolism.

PMID- 181005
TI  - Chicken embryo NAD levels lowered by teratogenic organophosphorus and
      methylcarbamate insecticides.

PMID- 181003
TI  - Impairment of hepatic microsomal and plasma esterases of the rat by disulfiram
      and diethyldithiocarbamate.

PMID- 181006
TI  - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in mammalian liver-derived cell cultures.
      Effects of various metabolic inhibitors on the enzyme activity in hepatoma cells.

PMID- 181007
TI  - Stimulation of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis by epinephrine independent of
      its beta-adrenergic function in perfused rat liver.

PMID- 181008
TI  - Diphenylhydantoin: direct inhibition of the vitamin D3-mediated calcium
      absorptive mechanism in organ-cultured duodenum.

PMID- 181009
TI  - Fine structural analysis of rabbit synovial cells. II. Fine structure and rosette
      forming cells of explant and monolayer cultures.
AB  - The fine structure and plasma membrane receptors of explant and monolayer cells
      of normal rabbit synovium were studied. In explants about 10% of the cells were
      round and formed rosettes with IgC and C3 markers, whereas the remaining cells
      were stellate, resembled young fibroblasts, and had no receptors for IgG and
      complement. Monolayer cells looked like fibroblasts, produced fine extracellular
      fibrils and hyaluronate, and formed no rosettes. Thus early cultures contain both
      macrophages and fibroblasts but only the latter persist in monolayer.

PMID- 181010
TI  - Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease--1975.

PMID- 181011
TI  - Arthroscopic findings of the knee in patients with pseudogout.

PMID- 181012
TI  - Pseudogout: clinical observations and chemical analyses of deposits.

PMID- 181013
TI  - Roentgenographic aspects of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition
      disease (pseudogout).
AB  - A comprehensive review of the roentgenographic features of calcium pyrophosphate
      crystal deposition disease (pseudogout) is presented. The roentgenographic
      techniques are reviewed. Those recommended as optimal are as follows: for small
      peripheral joints, industrial Type M film with contact exposure; for large
      central joints, direct radiographic magnification (3-4 X) with a microfocus tube.
      The classic appearances of articular chondrocalcinosis in fibrocartilage, hyaline
      cartilage, and capsular structures are discussed. Distinctive features of
      pyrophosphate arthropathy, including the distribution of involvement and the
      degree of destruction, are emphasized. Finally, the relationship among articular
      chondrocalcinosis, arthropathy, microscopic crystals, and symptoms is discussed.

PMID- 181014
TI  - Clinical studies of acute pseudogout attacks: comments on prevalence,
      predispositions, and treatment.

PMID- 181015
TI  - Natural course of articular chondrocalcinosis.

PMID- 181016
TI  - Articular chondrocalcinosis in the Chiloe Islanders.

PMID- 181018
TI  - Pseudogout: session III. Pathology of CPPD crystal deposition: discussion.

PMID- 181017
TI  - Ultrastructural findings in chondrocalcinosis and pseudogout.

PMID- 181019
TI  - Protein adsorption to monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, and
      silica crystals: relationship to the pathogenesis of crystal-induced
      inflammation.

PMID- 181020
TI  - The structural basis of crystal-induced membranolysis.

PMID- 181021
TI  - Pseudogout: session IV. Crystal studies: discussion.

PMID- 181022
TI  - Metabolism of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi).

PMID- 181023
TI  - Inorganic pyrophosphate and proteoglycan metabolism in cultured human articular
      chondrocytes and fibroblasts.

PMID- 181024
TI  - Pyrophosphate release by osteoarthritis cartilage incubates.
AB  - Incubates of articular cartilage from young but not mature rabbits, as well as
      growth plate cartilage, elaborated PPi into basel Eagle's medium during a 4-hour
      period. Control rabbit synovial membrane and ear cartilage elaborated negligible
      amounts of PPi. The PPi was shown to be nondialyzable but could be dissociated
      from the alkaline phosphatase by ultracentrifugation. In 16 patients with
      osteoarthritis a substantial output of PPi by samples of articular cartilage from
      the knee was demonstrated. The present authors believe that either rapid cell
      division and matrix synthesis found in the base of ulcerating osteoarthritic
      cartilage or remodeling calcified sites comprise the origin of the PPi in such
      osteoarthritic cartilage. They further theorize that this PPi output accounts for
      a considerable fraction, if not all, of the elevated PPi levels found in synovial
      fluid of patients with osteoarthritis.

PMID- 181025
TI  - Preliminary observations on phosphatases in articular cartilages.

PMID- 181026
TI  - Pseudogout: session V. Metabolic features: discussion.

PMID- 181027
TI  - Determination of disulfiram and its metabolites in human blood.
AB  - This work was initiated by the lack of a sensitive method for the determination
      of disulfiram and its metabolites in blood of patients treated with this drug. A
      method is described which allows the separate determination of carbon disulfide,
      free diethyldithiocarbamate and disulfides derived from disulfiram with adequate
      precision in 10 ml patient blood. It is based on a spectrophotometric
      determination of a yellow compound formed by trapping carbon disulfide produced
      from diethyldithiocarbamate and disulfiram in an ethanolic solution of
      diethylamine and copper(II)-acetate. Good quantitation of disulfiram and
      diethyldithiocarbamate in blood was achieved by trapping carbon disulfide
      produced when formic acid and cystein were added to the samples. During daily
      administration of 200 mg disulfiram to humans, concentrations of zero to 0.6 mug
      carbon disulfide and 0.2 to 1.0 mug diethyldithiocarbamate per ml blood were
      found using this method.

PMID- 181028
TI  - [The effect of carbocromen on cardiac cyclic adenosine-monophosphate].
AB  - The coronary-active drug 3-2-diethylaminoethyl)-4-methyl-7-(carbethoxy-methoxy)-2
      oxo-1,2-chromene-hydrochloride (carbocromen, Intensain) is known to be an
      inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE). After intravenous as well as after
      intraduodenal application of therapeutic doses carbocromen increases in vivo the
      cAMP-contents of the hearts of rats (by up to 30%) and dogs (up to 50%). This
      effect is dose related. Correlations between the pharmacokinetic properties and
      metabolic actions of carbocromen and its influence on the adenylcyclase system
      are discussed.

PMID- 181029
TI  - [Adenovirus and rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 181030
TI  - [Gas-chromatographic evaluation of the adrenal cortex response to corticotropin
      in hypersteroiduric obese subjects].

PMID- 181031
TI  - [Dynamics of the blood cortisol response to rapid intravenous injection of
      different doses of synthetic beta-1-24-corticotropin in humans].

PMID- 181032
TI  - Lack of conversion of isethionic acid to sulfate in the rat.

PMID- 181033
TI  - Possible neurotransmitter role of acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytriptamine and dopamine
      in Heobania CNS.

PMID- 181034
TI  - [Action of ATP and of pyrophosphate on the viscosity of myosin B of the human
      uterus].

PMID- 181035
TI  - [Viscosimetric behavior of actomyosin of the uterus and skeletal muscle after
      treatment with pyrophosphate and ATP].

PMID- 181036
TI  - [Plasma free amino acids in experimental hepatitis caused by MHV-3 virus].

PMID- 181038
TI  - [Effect of phopholipids on the conformation of cytochrome oxidase].

PMID- 181037
TI  - [Changes in the catecholamine content and cyclic AMP concentration in the rat
      brain and heart after administration of alpha-methyldopa].

PMID- 181039
TI  - [Effects of ADH, cyclic AMP and theophylline on the permeability of the bladder
      to urea in Rana esculenta].

PMID- 181040
TI  - Tumour rejection in rats sensitized to embryonic tissue. I. Rejection of tumour
      cells implanted s.c. and detection of cytotoxic lymphoid cells.
AB  - Wistar rats were sensitized to rat embryonic tissue by immunization with
      irradiated (5000 rad) rat embryo cells (2 X 10(6) s.c. + 1 X 10(6) i.p.) derived
      from embryos aged 14-15 days, or by implantation of irradiated (5000 rad) tissue
      grafts from these embryos. Three to five immunizations were given at weekly
      intervals, and the rats were then challenged subcutaneously 7-10 days after the
      final inoculum with minimal tumour-producing tumour cell doses. Immunization with
      irradiated rat embryo cells failed to influence the growth and development of
      tumour cells prepared from hepatoma D23 and D30, sarcoma Mc57, mammary carcinoma
      AAF57 or cells prepared from spontaneously arising mammary carcinomata Sp4 and
      Sp15. Using adoptive transfer techniques, lymphoid cells from embryo-sensitized
      rats, when used in a 3000 : 1 ratio (lymphoid cells : tumour cells), were shown
      effectively to retard the growth of hepatoma D23 in 3 out of 7 experiments
      performed. Similar adoptive transfer procedures proved ineffective in preventing
      the growth of mammary carcinoma AAF57. Using in vitro cytotoxicity tests, lymph
      node cells and spleen cells from embryo-immunized rats were shown to be cytotoxic
      for several rat tumour cell targets : hepatoma D23 (7/10 tests), sarcoma Mc7
      (8/12 tests), mammary carcinoma AAF57 (2/2 tests) and Sp4 (3/4 tests), and for 14
      15-day-old rat embryo cells (5/10 tests). In comparative tests lymphoid cells
      were relatively non-cytotoxic for 20-day-old rat embryo cells (1/6 tests) or
      cells prepared from adult rat lung or kidney (1/10 tests). The role of embryonic
      antigen(s) in tumour rejection is discussed.

PMID- 181041
TI  - Effect of BCG on cell-mediated cytotoxicity and serum blocking factor during
      growth of rat hepatoma.
AB  - Inbred rats were injected s.c. with cells of syngeneic hepatoma D23, D23 cells +
      BCG as a mixed inoculum, mixed inoculum one side and D23 alone contralaterally,
      or BCG alone. Their blood mononuclear cells were tested weekly for cytotoxicity
      against D23 target cells using a microcytotoxicity method and their serum was
      tested for blocking activity against cytotoxicity by lymph node cells from
      immunized rats. Tumour growth was suppressed when BCG was in contact with tumour
      cells but tumours grew unhindered if the BCG was given contralaterally. All rats
      receiving tumour cells, either alone or mixed with BCG, developed cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity which remained until termination at 35 days. Rats receiving BCG
      alone showed slight initial cytotoxicity which disappeared after 7 days. Blocking
      factors appeared in the serum of rats which developed growing tumours but not in
      rats whose tumours were suppressed by contact with BCG. Splenectomized rats did
      not differ markedly from intact rats in the in vitro studies or in vivo. It is
      concluded that development of cell-mediated immunity and blocking factors depends
      more upon treatment with tumour cells and the subsequent behaviour of the tumour
      than upon treatment with BCG per se.

PMID- 181042
TI  - Bioassay of 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid for carcinogenicity in mice.
AB  - Adult mice of strains C3Hf and XVII/G received 2, 4, 5-T by continuous oral
      administration (80 ppm in the diet). The 2, 4, 5-T preparation contained less
      than 0-05 ppm of dioxins. In 2, 4, 5-T -treated C3Hf mice a significant increase
      in the incidence of neoplastic lesions was found. No significant difference was
      found in the XVII/G strain between the treated and control mice. Rare forms of
      tumours, which were not observed in the controls, were present in the 2, 4, 5-t 
      treated C3Hf mice.

PMID- 181043
TI  - Effects of short chain alcohols and hydrocarbon compounds on the adenylate
      cyclase of the skin.
AB  - The cyclic AMP content of epidermal slices is increased by incubation with
      ethanol, the effect of which is dose-dependent from I to 5% concentration in the
      incubation media. n-Propanol and acetone are also effective at a concentration
      equimolar to 5% ethanol. Experimental results suggest that this effect of ethanol
      is due to activation of adenylate cyclase, rather than to the inactivation of
      cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase.

PMID- 181044
TI  - Comparative effects of fructose and glucose on the lipid and carbohydrate
      metabolism of perfused rat liver.
AB  - 1. Livers from rats fed on a standard diet were perfused with whole blood, and
      infused continuously with glucose and fructose at equimolar rates. 2. Infusion of
      fructose increased both the secretion of very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL)
      triglycerides and the incorporation of free fatty acids (FFA) from the perfusate
      into VLDL-lipids, but neither of these two processes was affected by infusion of
      glucose. 3. Infusion of fructose decreased the oxidation and increased the
      esterification of FFA, but glucose infusion had no effect on these processes.
      When fructose and glucose were infused together was a further decrease in
      oxidation. 4. When fructose was infused alone or together with glucose, blood
      concentrations rapidly became stabilized at those found in the hepatic portal
      vein in vivo, with similar rates of hepatic uptake to those found in the intact
      animal. Infusion of glucose alone resulted in continuously increasing perfusate
      glucose concentrations, and rates of uptake which were only 20% of those for
      fructose. Blood glucose concentrations were reduced, and lactate concentrations
      were increased by fructose infusion, and when glucose and fructose were infused
      together there was a greatly increased rate of glucose uptake. 5. Liver glycogen
      was not affected by the infusion of fructose or glucose alone; however, their
      combined addition significantly increased its concentration. 6. Uptake of
      perfusate FFA was not affected by either fructose or glucose infusions. 7. The
      results are discussed in terms of the differences in nutrition and metabolism
      between glucose and fructose, with particular reference to the development of
      hypertriglyceridaemia.

PMID- 181045
TI  - Isotope effects in the binding of NADH to equine liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The isotope effect upon the binding constant of NADH to equine liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase is determined with a method in which the isotopic ratio is measured
      concurrently in the free and the bond form of the coenzyme, by use of a
      propellent-pressurized ultrafiltration apparatus for separation of the two. The
      value for KH/KD for the binding constants was 1.00 +/- 0.02 at pH 10.3 and 25
      degrees C.

PMID- 181046
TI  - Effect of Triton X-100 on the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinase of
      rat brain.
AB  - Mixed dispersions of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 and sphingomyelin were
      used as substrate for sphingomyelinase of rat brain. The dependence of the rate
      of hydrolysis on the concentration of sphingomyelin was measured in two ways: at
      a fixed concentration of Triton X-100 or at varying concentrations of this
      detergent, while maintaining a fixed molar ratio of Triton X-100 to
      sphingomyelin. In either case, the upsilon vs. S curves deviated from the
      hyperbolic shape predicted by the Michaelis-Menten kinetic theory. These
      deviations are discussed and interpreted on the basis of the physicochemical
      properties of the mixed dispersions of detergent and lipid studied in previous
      papers.

PMID- 181047
TI  - Oxidation-reduction properties of several low potential iron-sulfur proteins and
      of methylviologen.
AB  - Apparent oxidation-reduction potentials at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C were
      determined using the H2-hydrogenase system with ferredoxins from the following
      sources: Clostridium pasteurianum, -403 mV; C tartarovorum, -424 mV; C. acidi
      urici, -434 mV; Peptococcus aerogenes, -427 mV; Chromatium D, -482 mV (pH 8.0);
      B. polymyxa, Fd I, -377 mV, and Fd II, -422 mV; and spinach, -428 mV. The pH
      dependence of these values was variable, ranging from -2 to -24 mV/pH unit
      increase for different ferredoxins. Over the range of buffer concentrations
      between 0.05 and 0.2 M, the potentials did not vary significantly. The number of
      electrons transferred during reduction (as determined by integrations of EPR
      spectra and by dithionite titration) is 2 for the first five proteins, while
      potentiometric data for all the cases fit a Nernst equation for which n = 1. The
      E degrees' value for the redox indicator methylviologen at pH 7.4 was found to be
      -460 mV, according to both the H2-hydrogenase system and cyclic voltammetry,
      significantly different from the value previously reported at higher pH's.
      Additionally, the presence of C. pasteuranum ferredoxin appears to shift the E
      degrees value of methylviologen to even more negative values. An analysis of
      sources of error inherent with potential determinations with H2 and hydrogenase
      is presented. The electronic and EPR spectra of P. aerogenes ferredoxin, for
      which the x-ray structure has been published, are given here. It appears that the
      determination of potentials of ferredoxin and other low-potential porteins with
      the H2-hydrogenase system affords certain experimental advantages over
      alternative methods currently employed with these and similar substances.

PMID- 181049
TI  - Studies on nitrotyrosine-82 and aminotyrosine-82 derivatives of adrenodoxin.
      Effects of chemical modification on the complex formation with adrenodoxin
      reductase.
AB  - The coordination structure of the iron-sulfur center of the nitrotyrosine and the
      aminotyrosine derivates of bovine adrenodoxin was investigated by electron
      paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reduced form of both modified samples
      exhibited signals identical with those for the native protein at g= 1.94 and
      g=2.01. From these results together with optical absorption and chemical
      analyses, it was concluded that the coordination structure of the iron-sulfur
      chromophore for both the derivatives was identical with the binuclear tetrahedral
      structure of native adrenodoxin. The configuration of the iron-binding area in
      nitro- and amino-adrenodoxin was studied by ovserving the circular dichroism
      spectra between 350 and 600 nm. The maxima for the nitro or amino derivatives
      were all identical with those for the native protein but different in the
      magnitude of their molar ellipticity. The molar ellipticities at 440 nm were 45.8
      X 10(3), 14.5 X 10(3), and 9.5 X 10(6) deg cm2 per mol of iron for native
      adrenodoxin, nitro or amino derivative, respectively. These results suggest that
      the chemical modification of the tyrosine residue causes a conformational change
      in the iron-binding area. We have previously reported that the enzymatic
      activities of these reconstituted nitro and amino derivatives toware cytochrome c
      reduction in the presence of adrenodoxin reductase and reduced nicotinamide
      adenine dinucleotide phosphate were 19 and 7% of native adrenodoxin,
      respectively. The cytochrome c reductase activities of nitro- and
      aminoadrenodixin were drastically affected by the ionic strength of the assay
      medium, as found in native adrenodoxin. Fluorometric titration of the reductase
      with aminoadrenodoxin revealed that aminoadrenodoxin forms a 1:1 molar complex
      with the reductase. These results suggest that both the nitro and amino
      derivatives form a complex with the reductase. The dissociation constants of
      nitro- and aminoadrenodoxin for the reductase were 6.1 X 10(-7)M and 3.3 X 10(-7)
      M at mu = 0.04 and 1.9 X 10(-6) M and 2.0 X 10(-6) M at mu = 0.20, respectively.
      Comparison of these values with those of native adrenodoxin (approximately 10(-9)
      M at mu = 0.04 and 2.2 X 10(-7) M at mu = 0.20) suggests that an increase in the
      dissociation constant for the reductase is responsible for the decreased electron
      transferring activity of the modified adrenodoxins.

PMID- 181048
TI  - Enzymatic binding of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid to ribosomes: the study
      of binding sites of 2' and 3' isomers of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid.
AB  - The mechanism of enzymatic binding of AAtRNA to the acceptor site Escherichia
      coli ribosomes has been studied using the following aminoacyl oligonucleotides as
      models of the 3' terminus of AA-tRNA: C-A-Phe, C-A-(2'-Phe)H, and C-A(2'H)Phe. T
      psi-C-Gp was used as a model of loop IV of tRNA. The EF-T dependent binding of
      Phe-tRNA to ribosomes (in the presence of either GTP or GMPPCP) and the GTPase
      activity associated with EF-T dependent binding of the Phe-tRNA were inhibited by
      C-A-Phe,C-A(2'Phe)H, and C-A(2'H)Phe. These aminoacyl oligonucleotides inhibit
      both the formation of ternary complex EF-Tu-GTP-AA-tRNA and the interaction of
      this complex with the ribosomal A site. The uncoupled EF-Tu dependent GTPase (in
      the absence of AA-tRNA) was also inhibited by C-A-Phe, C-A(2'Phe)H, and C
      A(2'H)Phe, while nonenzymatic binding of Phe-tRNA to the ribosomal A site was
      inhibited by C-A-Phe and C-A(2'-Phe)H, but not by C-A(2'H)Phe. The
      tetranucleotide T-psi-C-Gp inhibited both enzyme binding of Phe-tRNA and EF-T
      dependent GTP hydrolysis. However, inhibition of the latter reaction occured at a
      lower concentration of T-psi-C-Gp suggesting a specific role of T-psi-C-Gp loop
      of AA-tRNA in the GTPase reaction. The role of the 2' and 3' isomers of AA-tRNA
      during enzymatic binding to ribosomes is discussed and it is suggested that 2'
      leads to 3' transacylation in AA-tRNA is a step which follows GTP hydrolysis but
      precedes peptide bond formation.

PMID- 181050
TI  - Phosphorylation of the active, A1 component of cholera toxin by protein kinase.
AB  - Cholera toxin, an activator of adenylate cyclase in a wide variety of cells, is a
      substrate for the phosphotransferase reaction catalyzed by purified cyclic
      adenosine 5'-monophosphate dependent bovine cardiac muscle protein kinase and the
      protein associated with human erythrocyte membranes. Phosphorylation occurs when
      the toxin is dissociated with 5-20 mM dithiothreitol and is restricted to the A1
      or "adenylate cyclase activating" subunit of the toxin.

PMID- 181051
TI  - Specific, reversible inactivation of phosphofructokinase by fructose-1,6
      bisphosphatase. Involvement of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, oleate, and 3
      phosphoglycerate.
AB  - Optimal conditions necessary for the reversible inactivation of crystalline
      rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase by homogeneous rabbit liver fructose-1,6
      bisphosphatase have been studied. At higher enzyme levels (to 530 mug/ml of
      phosphofructokinase) the two proteins were mixed and incubated in a pH 7.5 buffer
      composed of 50 mM Tris-HC1, 2 mM potassium phosphate, and 0.2 mM dithiothreitol.
      Aliquots were removed at various times and assayed for enzyme activity. A time
      dependent inactivation of phosphofructokinase caused by 1-2.3 times its weight of
      fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was observed at 30, 23, and 0 degree C. This
      inactivation did not require the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate or Mg2+ in
      the incubation mixture, but an adenosine 5'-triphosphate concentration of 2.7 mM
      or greater was required in the assay to keep phosphofructokinase in an inactive
      form. A mixture of activators (inorganic phosphate, (NH4)2SO4, and adenosine 5'
      monophosphate), when added to the assay cuvette, restored nearly all of the
      expected enzyme activity. Incubations with other proteins, including aldolase, at
      concentrations equal to or greater than the effective quantity of fructose-1,6
      bisphosphatase had no inhibitory effect on phosphofructokinase activity. Removal
      of tightly bound fructose 1,6-bisphosphate from phosphofructokinase could not
      explain this inactivation, since several analyses of crystalline
      phosphofructokinase averaged less than 0.1 mol of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate/320
      000 g of enzyme. Furthermore, the inactivation occurred in the absence of Mg2+
      where the complete lack of fructose-1-6-bisphosphatase activity was confirmed
      directly. At lower phosphofructokinase concentrations (0.2-2 mug/ml) the
      inactivation was studied directly in the assay cuvette. Higher ratios of fructose
      1,6-bisphosphatase to phosphofructokinase were necessary in these cases, but
      oleate and 3-phosphoglycerate acted synergistically with lower amounts of
      fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase to cause inactivation. The inactivation did not occur
      when high concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate were present in the assay, or
      when the level of adenosine 5'-triphosphate was decreased. However, the
      inactivation was found at pH 8, where the effects of allosteric regulators on
      phosphofructokinase are greatly reduced. Experiments with rat liver
      phosphofructokinase showed that this enzyme was also subject to inhibition by
      rabbit liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase under conditions similar to those used
      in the muscle enzyme studies. Attempts to demonstrate direct interaction between
      phosphofructokinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by physical methods were
      unsuccessful. Nevertheless, our results suggest that, under conditions which
      approximate the physiological state, the presence of fructose-1,6bisphosphatase
      can cause phosphofructokinase to assume an inactive conformation. This
      interaction may have a significant role in vivo in controlling the
      interrelationship between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 181052
TI  - Cytochrome c induced lateral phase separation in a diphosphatidylglycerol-steroid
      spin-label model membrane.
AB  - The extrinsic membrane protein cytochrome c binds to lipid mixtures containing
      negatively charged phospholipids such as diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). In this
      study the effect of cytochrome c on the lipid distribution in a DPG-steroid spin
      label (3-doxyl-5alpha-cholestane) model membrane system is examined. The electron
      spin resonance (ESR) line-shape changes indicate that cytochrome c induces
      lateral phase separation at room temperature. The resulting two-dimensional lipid
      distribution is nonrandom, consisting of clusters of phospholipids bound to
      cytochrome c and patches of steroid spin-label molecules. Phase separations are
      also observed in the three-component system: DPG, phosphatidylcholine, and 3
      doxyl-5alpha-cholestane.

PMID- 181053
TI  - Characterization of a seventh different subunit of beef heart cytochrome c
      oxidase. Similarities between the beef heart enzyme and that from other species.
AB  - Beef heart cytochrome c oxidase has been resolved into seven subunits by
      electrophoresis in highly cross-linked gels containing urea and sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. The molecular weights of the polypeptides are estimated to be I, 35 400;
      II, 24 100; III, 21 000; IV, 16 800; V, 12 400; VI, 8200; and VII, 4400. It has
      been shown that subunits II and III can coelectrophorese on standard sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and appear as a single component with an
      apparent molecular weight of 22 500. This accounts for previous reports that the
      beef heart enzyme contains only six subunits. Amino acid analysis of the isolated
      subunits I, II, and III revealed that they have polarities of 35.5, 44.7, and
      39.9%, respectively. All three subunits have an extremely high leucine content
      and a low percentage of basic amino acids relative to subunits IV-VII. The size,
      number, and properties of subunits in the beef heart cytochrome c oxidase complex
      suggest that it has essentially the same subunit structure as the complexes
      isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa.

PMID- 181054
TI  - Cytochrome oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IV. Reaction with oxygen and
      carbon monoxide.
AB  - The reaction between a cytochrome oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and oxygen
      has been studied by a rapid mixing technique. The data indicate that the heme d1
      moiety of the ascorbate-reduced enzyme is oxidized faster than the heme c
      component. The oxidation of heme d1 is accurately second order with respect to
      oxygen and has a rate constant of 5.7 - 10(4) M-1 - s-1 at 20 degrees C. The
      oxidation of the heme c has a first order rate constant of about 8 s-1 at
      infinite concentration of O2. The results indicate that the rate-limiting step is
      the internal transfer of electrons from heme c to heme d1. These more rapid
      reactions are followed by more complicated but smaller abcorbance changes whose
      origin is still not clear. The reaction of ascorbate-reduced oxidase with CO has
      also been studied and is second order with a rate constant of 1.8 - 10(4) M-1 - s
      1. The initial reaction with CO is followed by a slower reaction of significantly
      less magnitude. The equilibrium constant for the reaction with CO, calculated as
      a dissociation constant from titrimetric experiments with dithionite-reduced
      oxidase, is about 2.3 - 10(-6) M. From these data a rate constant of 0.041 s-1
      can be calculated for the dissociation of CO from the enzyme.

PMID- 181055
TI  - Electron spin resonance spectrum of species "X" which may function as the primary
      electron acceptor in photosystem I of green plant photosynthesis.
AB  - Purified Photosystem I particles from spinach when reduced with 10 mM dithionite
      at pH 9 exhibited a 50% light reversible-ESR Signall (P-700+) at about 10 K. It
      was possible to show by signal-averaging techniques that a light-reversible ESR
      spectrum concomitant with the reversible Single 1 can be observed with
      approximate principal g factors at g = 2.07, g = 1.86 and g = 1.75.

PMID- 181056
TI  - Neutral glycosphingolipids of serum lipoproteins in Fabry's disease.
AB  - The neutral glycosphingolipid compositions of lipoprotein fractions of serum from
      eight healthy male volunteers and three patients with Fabry's disease were
      determined. Four fractions were studied: very low density lipoprotein (VLDL, d
      less than 1.006); low density lipoprotein (LDL, d 1.006-1.063); high density
      lipoprotein (HDL, d 1.063-1.21); and ultracentrifugal residue (Residue, d less
      than 1.21). All lipoprotein fractions contained the four major neutral
      glycosphingolipids (glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide,
      galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide and N
      acetylgalactosaminylgalactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide). The LDL and HDL,
      however, accounted for most of the total glycosphingolipid (69 and 20%,
      respectively); only small amounts were demonstrated in the VLDL and Residue. The
      relative distributions of the glycosphingolipids within the LDL and HDL fractions
      were similar to the distribution in unfractionated serum.
      Galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide levels were 3-5 times normal in all three
      patients with Fabry's disease, and in two the distribution of the excess lipid
      among the major lipoprotein fractions was similar to that in the control group.
      In the third patient, who exhibited the presence of "sinking pre-beta
      lipoprotein", the amount of glycosphingolipid isolated with the HDL was greater
      than that in the LDL.

PMID- 181057
TI  - Cholesterol content and sterol synthesis in human skin fibroblasts and rat aortic
      smooth muscle cells exposed to lipoprotein-depleted serum and high density
      apolipoprotein/phospholipid mixtures.
AB  - Confluent cultures of human skin fibroblasts and rat aortic smooth muscle cells
      were shown to lose 15-27% of their cellular cholesterol upon replacement of the
      fetal calf serum with human high density lipoprotein (50 mug cholesterol/ml) or
      lipoprotein-depleted serum at a concentration equivalent to 40% whole serum.
      Addition to the latter medium of high density apoliproprotein/phospholipid
      mixtures resulted in further enhancement of cellular cholesterol loss which was
      evident by 12 h of incubation. Human skin fibroblasts that had been enriched in
      cholesterol by previous incubation with low density lipoprotein lost their
      cholesterol in the presence of a high density apolipoprotein/sphingomyelin
      mixture as readily as non-enriched cells. Concomitant with the marked cholesterol
      depletion there was a stimulation of sterol synthesis from acetate. The more
      pronounced loss of cellular cholesterol induced by the presence of
      phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin resulted in a greater incorporation of
      acetate into sterol in both smooth muscle cells and skin fibroblasts. The present
      findings indicate that peripheral cells, in spite of their capacity to synthesize
      cholesterol, depend on exogenous cholesterol for the maintenance of normal
      levels. It is suggested that the native cholesterol "acceptor" in the lipoprotein
      depleted serum is an apolipoprotein which under the experimental conditions can
      form a complex with phospholipids and might also represent the physiological
      cholesterol "acceptor" in peripheral lymph.

PMID- 181058
TI  - High density lipoproteins reduce the uptake of low density lipoproteins by human
      endothelial cells in culture.
AB  - Endothelial cells, explanted from human umbilical veins and cultured, maintained
      morphological characteristics of vascular endothelium. When exposed to human
      serum lipoproteins, the cells bound and took up low density lipoproteins in
      preference to high density lipoproteins. High density lipoproteins reduced
      markedly the uptake of low density lipoproteins and affected surface binding to a
      lesser extent. These data suggest that the different levels of high density
      lipoprotein encountered in normal plasma of males and females could modulate
      differently the transendothelial transport of low density lipoproteins and
      provide a possible explanation for the lesser severity of atheromatosis in the
      aortic intima of premenopausal females.

PMID- 181059
TI  - Phospholipid content, composition and biosynthesis during fetal lung development
      in the rabbit.
AB  - The phospholipid content and composition of lung wash and lung tissue as well as
      the activities of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine
      and phosphatidylglycerol (the major surface active components of pulmonary
      surfactant) were studied in the rabbit during fetal lung development. In lung
      wash the amount of phospholipid increased four-fold during the period 27-31 day's
      gestation. There was a further ten-fold increase following the onset breathing.
      During the same period the amount of phosphatidylcholine in lung wash increased
      from 29% of the total phospholipid to 80% while the amount of sphingomyelin
      decreased from 38% to 2%. The amount of phosphatidylcholine in lung tissue also
      increased during development but to a much lesser extent. During fetal lung
      development the activities of choline kinase and cholinephosphate
      cytidyltransferase changed little, cholinephosphotranserase decreased while
      lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase and lysolecithin acyltransferase increased.
      There was a postnatal increase in the activities of cholinephosphate
      cytidyltransferase, cholinephosphotransferase and both acyltransferases. The
      amount of phosphatidylglycerol, as a percentage of the total phospholipid, in
      lung wash and lung tissue as well as the activity of pulmonary glycerolphosphate
      phosphatidyltransferase did not change appreciably during development.

PMID- 181060
TI  - The effect of two isomeric octadecenoic acids on the lipid metabolism and growth
      of Novikoff hepatoma cells.
AB  - The origin and metabolism of octadecenoic acid (18 : 1) was examined in intact
      Novikoff rat hepatoma cells by using labeled precursors and two isomeric
      octadecenoic acids which differed in their abilities to stimulate cell growth in
      a serum-free medium. The isomers (ci-6-18 : 1 and cis-9-18 : 1) were measured in
      the cellular lipid by ozonolysis and reduction of the ozonides. The results
      indicate that the 18 : 1 fatty acid accumulated in the cell lipid by uptake of
      the preformed acid from the medium. The cis-9-18 : 1 to 16 : 1 and 20 : 1 fatty
      acids by chain shortening and chain elongation. Both isomers inhibited de novo
      fatty acid synthesis from acetate by cells suspended in a serum-free medium. The
      isomers did not exert coordinate control of both fatty acid and cholesterol
      biosynthesis in the Novikoff cells.

PMID- 181061
TI  - Effects of glycerol on VLDL secretion by the isolated rat liver.
AB  - Stimulation of VLDL production by increasing fatty acid availability is now well
      established. However, a possible regulatory role of glycerol, another lipid
      precursor, in VLDL synthesis by the liver has not yet been substaniated. The
      present experiments investigate this problem using the isolated perfused rat
      liver. [14C] Glycerol uptake and metabolism were studied at two different
      glycerol concentrations: 1 mumol/perfusate (control) or 1.6 mmol/perfusate. VLDL
      production and lipid synthesis were investigated using [14C]leucine and several
      labelled fatty acids as precursors in control and glycerol-overloaded livers.
      Neoglycogenesis and lipogenesis from glycerol carbons are negligible in our
      conditions. The absolute amount of glycerol, but not the precentage, taken up by
      the liver, increased after raising its concentration in the perfusate. A major
      part of exogenous (plasmatic) glycerol was esterified with endogenous (non
      plasmatic) fatty acids. Incorporation of radioactive fatty acids into liver or
      plasma lipids was lower than in the the control group. Significant differences
      were observed between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids used as lipid
      precursors. Production of VLDL as assessed by radioactive leucine and fatty acid
      incorporation in the VLDL of the perfusate was depressed by glycerol. Glycerol
      partly inhibits the normal stimulation of VLDL production by plasmatic fatty acid
      overload.

PMID- 181063
TI  - Effect of adrenergic agonists on phosphatidylinositol labelling in heart and
      aorta.
AB  - (1) The metabolism of phosphatidylinositol has been investigated in heart
      fragments and aorta slices incubated with adrenergic agonists. (2) Noradrenaline
      and isoprenaline had no stimulatory effect on 32Pi incorporation into
      phosphatidylinositol in cat and guinea-pig hearts. (3) Incorporation of 32Pi into
      phosphatidylinositol was enhanced by noradrenaline and methoxamine in cat aorta.
      (4) This information is consistent with the idea that the enhanced
      phosphatidylinositol turnover produced during adrenergic stimulation is mediated
      through alpha-adrenergic receptors and not through beta-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 181064
TI  - Some characteristics of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine diesterases from rat brain.
AB  - 1. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine diesterase activities, glycerophosphohydrolase (EC
      3.1.4.2) and choline phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.4.38) from rat brain have been
      partially purified and characterized using sn-glycere-3-[32P]phosphocholine as
      substrate and separating the reaction products by anion-exchange chromatography
      and ionophoresis. 2. Rat brain contained particulate (75%) and soluble (25%)
      activity from both diesterases. No difference in pH optimum or metal ion
      requirement for the particulate compared to the soluble enzymes was observed. 3.
      Glycerophosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.4.2) was purified 60-fold, choline
      phosphohydrolase (EC E.1.4.38) 120-fold from rat brain supernatant fraction by
      DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation. The density gradient results in conjunction with dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis yielded molecular weight estimates of 230
      000 (monomer 62 000) for choline phosphohydrolase and 120 000 (monomer 70 000)
      for glycerophosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.4.2). 4. Glycerophosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.4.2)
      has a pH optimum of 8.9 and a Km for sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine of 0.6 mM. The
      enzyme is inhibited by EDTA and reactivated by Ca2+. Choline phosphohydrolase (EC
      3.1.4.38) has pH optimum 10.5, a Km of 2 mM and is unaffected by EDTA. Both
      enzymes require Ca2+ for maximum activity.

PMID- 181062
TI  - Demonstration of a thyrotropin-responsive prostaglandin E2-9-ketoreductase in
      bovine thyroid.
AB  - 1. Prostaglandin E2-9-ketoreductase activity was demonstrated in bovine thyroid
      homogenates. 2. The enzyme requires reduced pyridine nucleotide and dialysis
      prior to assay for optimal activity. 3. The products of the reaction, NADP and
      prostaglandin F2alpha, inhibit enzyme activity. 4. Sigmoidal kinetics are
      observed when substrate concentration is plotted against enzyme velocity,
      indicative of an allosteric enzyme. 5. Thyrotropin increases enzyme activity in
      bovine thyroid slices. This increase is both hormone- and tissue-specific.

PMID- 181065
TI  - Spin lattice relaxation and exchange interaction in a 2-iron, 2-sulphur protein.
AB  - A two-iron-two-sulphur non-haem iron protein, the ferredoxin from Spirulina
      maxima, has been studied by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in the
      range where the spectrum loses resolution with increasing temperature. The spin
      lattice relaxation times were deduced from linewidths measured by spectral
      simulation and their variation as a function of temperature is interpreted in
      terms of an Orbach mechanism. On this basis, the exchange integral between the
      two iron atoms, assuming as antiferromagnetic interaction between them, is
      estimated to be - 83 cm-1.

PMID- 181066
TI  - Purification and properties of paramagnetic protein from Clostridium pasteurianum
      W5.
AB  - The purification to homogeneity of the non-heme iron protein, sometimes referred
      to as either "red protein" or "paramagnetic protein", from Clostridium
      pasteurianum W5 extracts is described and its physicochemical properties studied.
      This paramagnetic protein (g= 1.94) has a molecular weight of about 25000 and
      contains two iron and two acid-labile sulfur atoms per mol of protein. Its
      midpoint potential at pH 7.5, as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance
      titration, is -300 mV. Optical circular dichroism and electron paramagnetic
      resonance spectra of the paramagnetic protein are similar to those of two iron
      two acid-labile sulfur ferredoxins. The biochemical reduction of the purified
      protein was also studied.

PMID- 181067
TI  - ENDOR from nitrogens and protons in low spin ferric heme and hemoprotein.
AB  - Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) signals have been obtained from iron
      linked nitrogens in frozen solutions of cytochrome c, metmyoglobin cyanide, and a
      low spin protohemin mercaptide complex. Hyperfine couplings from heme protons
      have also been obtained from metmyoglobin cyanide and from a low spin protohemin
      cyanide complex. Several of these proton resonances are assigned to specific heme
      protons.

PMID- 181068
TI  - Inactivation of the T7 coliphage by monofunctional alkylating agents. Action of
      phage adsorption and injection of its DNA.
AB  - Alkylation by ethyl or methyl methanesulfonate to an extent that inactivates more
      than 99.5% of T7 coliphages has no effect on phage adsorption on Escherichia coli
      B cells, but decreases the amount of phage DNA injected into the host cells.
      Depurination interferes with the injection of the phage DNA. Failure to inject
      the whole phage genome thus appears to be a cause of the immediate as well as of
      the delayed inactivation of the T7 coliphage treated by monofunctional alkylating
      agents; the hypothesis that it is the only cause of inactivation, although not
      very likely, cannot be excluded at the present time.

PMID- 181069
TI  - Variation in the molecular size of the DNA from closely related strains of type I
      herpes simplex virus.
AB  - We have investigated the comparative genome size of five strains of HSV type 1
      (HSV-1). Two of these strains have a common origin and differ in their plaque
      morphology on HeLa cells, one strain is a wild type isolate, and two others are
      established laboratory strains. All strains show high sequence homology based on
      the melting behavior of heteroduplexes. The greatest sequence divergence between
      any two strains was found to be no more than 10%. There are real differences in
      the size of the genomes of these strains of HSV-1 as measured by electron
      microscopy. The shortest and largest genomes measured differ in size by 10%,
      however, the size of the genomes of all strains are within 5% of a median valve
      of 87-88X106.

PMID- 181070
TI  - Joining of simian virus 40 DNA molecules at endonuclease R Eco Ri sites by
      polynucleotide ligase and analysis of the products by agarose gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - DNA molecules cut with endonuclease R Eco Ri can be joined at Eco Ri cleavage
      sites by incubation with polynucleotide ligase. In order to define the optimum
      conditions for this reaction, linear Simian Virus 40 DNA molecules (SV40(Lri))
      produced by endonuclease R Eco Ri cleavage of SV40 form i DNA were joined using
      polynucleotide ligases specified by bacteriophage T4 and Escherichia coli. We
      have determined that the concentration of the substrate DNA molecules is the most
      important factor determining the distribution of covalently joined product
      molecules into a variety of circular and linear monomeric and oligomeric species.

PMID- 181071
TI  - The nature of bile salt micelles as studied by deuterium NMR.
AB  - Deuterium NMR of 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7,7dideutero-5beta-cholanic acid was
      studied. Molcular sizes obtained from deuterium spin-lattice relaxation time (T1)
      data of 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7,7-dideutero-5beta-cholanoic acid in methanol
      and in water are in accordance with monometic and tetrameric structures in the
      two media, respectively. The deuterium T1 and intensity of 3alpha,12alpha
      dihydroxy-7,7-dideutero-5beta-cholanoic acid in aqueous solution at pH 8.0--8.8
      were studied as functions of NcC1 and lecithin concentrations. The results
      indicated that tetramers are in equilibrium with larger aggregates when secondary
      micelles are formed in the precense of NaC1, and that 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy
      7,7-dideutero-5beta-cholanoic acid forms mixed micelles with lecithin with a
      molecular ratio of 2 : 3.

PMID- 181073
TI  - Thyroxine-binding proteins in liver and tail of Rana catebeiana undergoing
      metamorphosis.
AB  - Presence of a thyroxine-binding protein was demonstrated in vivo in cell sap of
      tail and liver of metamorphosing Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. Thyroxine-binding
      protein was not present in tail of prematamorphic tadpoles while it appeared
      during progressing metamorphosis roughly coinciding with the beginning of tail
      resorption. Susceptibility to pronase indicates that this thyroxine-binding
      macromolecule is protein in nature. Thyroxine-binding in liver was already
      present during premetamorphic stages and increased further during metamorphosis.
      A further difference between tail and liver thyroxine-binding protein was
      evidenced by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephadex G-200 indicating a
      molecular weight of thyroxine-binding protein in the tail of 60 000 as opposed to
      42 000 for liver. Scatchard analysis of tail cell sap of tadpoles in metamorphic
      climax revealed a high affinity thyroxing binding site (Kd of 2 - 10(-10) M) of
      low capacity (1.7 pmol per mg protein) while tadpoles in premetamorphic stage had
      a thyroxine-binding site of lower affinity (9 - 10(-10) M) and higher capacity
      (4.8 pmol per mg protein). Thus affinity of thyroxine binding is 4-fold in
      metamorphic climax and appears to reflect the appearance of thyroxine binding
      observed in vivo.

PMID- 181072
TI  - Stimulatory modulator of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase
      from mammalian tissues.
AB  - The crude protein kinase modulator preparations obtained from several rat tissues
      (aorta, brain heart, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, small intestine and testis)
      were separated into their stimulatory and inhibitory modulator components by
      Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The isolated stimulatory modulator augmented the
      activity of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. The isolated
      inhibitory modulator, on the other hand, depressed the activity of cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinase; it was without effect on the activity of cyclic GMP
      dependent protein kinease. The present findings indicate that in the mammal,
      apparently in contrast to the arthropoda, separate proteins are responsibile for
      the stimulatory and the inhibitory activities of protein kinase modulator and
      that the two classes of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase are regulated
      in an opposing manner by these two types of modulators.

PMID- 181074
TI  - Developmental changes in glycosaminoglycans, collagen and collagenase activity in
      embryonic chick skin.
AB  - In order to study remodeling of connective tissue during development, changes in
      glycosaminoglycan, collagen and collagenase activity in embryonic chick skin at
      various stages have been studied. Collagen content in the skin increased rapidly
      during days 14 to 18, then leveled off until hatching. Prior to the increase of
      collagen deposition in the skin, a sharp decrease in chondroitin sulfate was
      observed between days 11 and 14, while dermatan sulfate increased almost 4 fold
      during days 12 to 14, then increased steadily until hatching. Hyaluronic acid
      decreased progressively during the stages investigated (days 11 to 20). At the
      same stage as the rate of collagen deposition in the tissue became maximal (day
      16), the amount of dialyzable hydroxyproline showed a maximum, indicating that an
      increased rate of collagen deposition in the tissue was accompanied by
      accelerated collagenolysis. Culture of skin from various stages of embryonic
      development revealed that 16 day old tissue was potentially capable of secreting
      the highest levels of collagenase. This collagenase was mostly inactive against
      soluble collagen and collagen fibrils but could be activated by 3 M NaSCN
      treatment.

PMID- 181075
TI  - Aflatoxin inhibition of glucocorticoid finding capacity of rat liver nuclei.
AB  - The effect of aflatoxin B1 on the binding capacity of rat liver cytoplasmic
      glucocorticoid receptors and the nuclear binding of the activated receptor
      complex was investigated. No alterations in the kinetics of [3H]desamethasone
      cytosol receptor complex formation were noted 2 h after treatment with 1 mg/kg
      aflatoxin B1. However, a 33% decrease in the concentration of nuclear acceptor
      sites and a 24% decrease in the glucocorticoid receptor-nuclear binding
      equilibrium constant of dissociation was observed. This response was near maximal
      at 2 h and persisted for at least 26 h. Inhibition of nuclear binding capacity
      was directly related to aflatoxin B1 dose, with a correlation coefficient of
      0.99. Actinomycin D treatment (0.1 mg/kg) resulted in a slight reduction (16%) in
      the concentration of nuclear acceptor sites but had no effect on the nuclear
      binding dissociation constant. Administration of [3H]dexamethasone to alfatoxin
      B1 -treated rats produced a similar pattern of glucocorticoid binding
      distribution in vivo to that observed in vitro. No differences in
      [3H]dexamethasone-cytoplasmic receptor binding  between control and alfatoxin B1 
      treated rats were found, whereas nuclear [3H]dexanthasone binding was reduced 34%
      by alfatoxin B1 -treatment.

PMID- 181076
TI  - Apparent opposing effects of cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic GMP on the neuronal
      firing of the blowfly chemo-receptors.
AB  - Cyclic AMP and its dibutyryl derivative inhibit neuronal firing of the labellar
      sugar sensitive receptor of the blowfly when applied in conjunction with the
      stimulant sucrose. Furthermore, simultaneous application of aminophylline
      (phosphodieterase inhibitor) and sucrose or in combination with cyclic AMP caused
      a similar depression of the sugar receptors response. In contrast, dibutyryl
      cyclic GMP elicited an increase in sugar receptor firing when applied with
      sucrose to sugar receptor. Either 5'-AMP or 5'-GMP in combination with sucrose
      had no discernable effect on the sugar receptors response. Different ratio
      combinations of cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyyclic GMP showed the striking
      inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP upon the dibutyryl cyclic GMP elicited increases
      in receptor firing frequency. Therefore, it is suggested that these two
      nucleotides may be mediating different but complimentary aspects of sugar
      receptor function in a push-pull manner.

PMID- 181078
TI  - The spin-lattice relaxation times of water associated with early post mortem
      changes in skeletal muscle.
AB  - We studied the spin-echo signal of muscle water in a large time domain and found
      that the motion of the nuclear magnetic moment of tissue water cannot be
      characterized by a single spin-lattice relaxation time (T1). The relaxation time
      T1B, which is the T1 characterized by those protons with a slower relaxation
      rate, is influenced by the early post mortem changes in skeletal muscle. T1B
      increased with time after the tissue was taken from the animal and reached a
      maximum at 3 h. However, the weighted average of T1 of all water protons (T1A)
      did not change throughout the time course of the experiments.

PMID- 181077
TI  - Effect of salicyclic acid on gluccorticoid receptor in cultured fibroblasts
      derived from rat carrageenin granuloma.
AB  - The binding activity of [3H]dexamethasone to the specific receptor was studied in
      the cytoplasmic fraction of a established fibroblast line derived from rat
      carrageenin granuloma in culture condition. Specific receptor to dexamethasone
      was demonstrated. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of binding sites
      with a dissociation constant for [3H]dexamethasone of 3.64 - 10(-8) M and a
      concentration of binding sites of 0.825 pmol per mg cytosol protein. The number
      of cytoplasmic binding sites per cell was calculated at 1.15 - 10(5). Total
      binding activity to [3H]dexamethasone of the cytoplasmic fraction was enhanced
      when the cells were cultured in a medium containing salicylic acid was at 37
      degrees C. The maximum enhancement was seen at the concentration of 10(-3)M and
      in 3h treatment of salicylic acid. This enhancement by salicylic acid was lost
      when cycloheximide was added to the culture medium at the same time. If
      salicyclic acid was added to the cell free system, it showed no effect on the
      binding activity. The other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; phenylbutazone
      and indomethacin,also enhanced the total binding activity to [3H]dexamethasone of
      the cytoplasmic fraction at the concentration of 2 - 10(-5) M and 2 - 10(-7) M,
      respectively.

PMID- 181079
TI  - Effect of hexoses and mannoheptulose on cyclic AMP accumulation and insulin
      secretion in rat pancreatic islets.
AB  - The effects of various sugars on the simultaneous release of insulin and
      accumulation of cyclic AMP were studied in collagenase isolated rat pancreatic
      islets. D-Glucose stimulated the formation of cyclic AMP at 3 and 60 min of
      incubation, whether measured by a label incorporation technique, or by the
      protein kinase binding assay of Gilman. Only D-glucose and D-mannose were able to
      stimulate insulin release and cyclic [3H]AMP accumulation in the absence of other
      substrate. D-fructose had a stimulatory effect in the presence of 3.3 mM D
      glucose only at a high concentration (33.8 mM), and enhanced the effects of 8.3
      mM glucose when added at the concentration of 8.3 mM. D-Galactose was effective
      only together with 8.3 mM D-glucose. The order of potency of these hexoses, both
      regarding insulin secretion and cyclic [3H]AMP accumulation, was glucose-mannose
      fructose-galactose. L-Glucose and 3-O-methylglucose had no effects at 60 min when
      incubated together with 8.3 mM D-glucose, whereas at 3 min, 3-O-methylglucose
      induced a small stimulation of the cyclic [3H]AMP response. D-mannoheptulose and
      D-glucosamine inhibited the insulin and cyclic [3H]AMP responses to 27.7 mM
      glucose. Mannoheptulose suppressed completely the glucose effect on cyclic
      nucleotide accumulation within 90 s. Although under all incubation conditions,
      the threshold stimulatory or inhibitory concentration of a given agent was
      identical for insulin release and cyclic [3H]AMP accumulation, these two
      variables showed quantitative differences in incubations of 60 min, the magnitude
      of the changes in insulin secretion being larger than that for the cyclic
      nucleotide. It is suggested that modulation of islet cyclic AMP level is an
      important step in the transmission of the effect of various sugars on insulin
      release; however, glucose and possibly other sugars may also enhance insulin
      release by additional mechanisms not involving the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP
      system of the beta-cell.

PMID- 181080
TI  - Induction of rat liver phosphoenolpyruvate carbonxykinase (GTP) by cyclic AMP
      during starvation. The permissive action of glucocorticoids.
AB  - The effect of starvation on the activity of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase (GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating), EC
      4.1.1.32), and on the response of the enzyme to N6-O2'dibutyryl adenosine 3', 5'
      monophosphate was investigated in intact and glucocorticoid-deprived rats. In the
      liver of intact animals, starvation produced a rapid increase in the
      concentration of cyclic AMP and a corresponding increase in the activity of
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The kinetics of both changes were not affected
      by adrenalectomy. Injection of N6-O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate
      into intact starved rats resulted in an immediate, dramatic increase in
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity above the starvation level.
      Adrenalectomy completely blocked the response of the enzyme to the cyclic
      nucleotide. Restoration of hydrocortisone to the adrenalectomized animals
      restored the full N6-I2'dibutyryl adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate effect after a
      lag period of 2 h. The physiological significance of these findings is
      considered. The data are interpreted with regard to the current hypothesis that
      glucocorticoids promote an increase in translatable phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxykinase mRNA, while cyclic AMP enhances the translation of preexisting
      specific mRNA templates.

PMID- 181081
TI  - Regulation of purine metabolism. Adenylosuccinate synthetase from Novikoff
      ascites tumor cells.
AB  - Adenylosuccinate synthetase has been partially purified from Novikoff ascites
      tumor cells. The properties of the protein are quite different from the enzyme
      from rat liver in that the Km for asparate is higher and the K1 for the feedback
      inhibitor AMP is also higher. The antibiotic hadacidin has a preferential
      inhibitory effect on the tumor enzyme. These results suggest that the Novikoff
      ascites tumor enzyme is less sensitive to normal feedback controls but may be
      more sensitive to specific antitumor drugs.

PMID- 181082
TI  - N6,O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate-stimulated release of
      proteoglycans from cultured immature rabbit ear cartilage.
AB  - The stimulatory effects of N6, O2'-dibutyrl adenosine 3',5'-monphosphate on
      proteoglycan released from immature rabbit ear cartilage were studied in viltro.
      Cartilage incubayed in medium containing dibutyryl cyclic AMP resulted in a
      significant increase of proteoglycans released in concentrations above 0.5 mM.
      Theophylline (1 mM) which did not significantly stimulate proteoglycans released
      alone, was found to potentiate the action of this nucleotide. ATP, 5'-AMP and
      butyric acid in the presence of theophylline, did not stimulate proteolgycans
      released. The addition of protein or RNA synthesis inhibitors depressed
      proteoglycans released by dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline. Gel
      chromatogrphic and chemical investigation of the proteoglycans released into the
      culture media in the presence of dibutylic cyclic AMP indicated a reduction in
      the proportion of protein associated with these complexes. This result, together
      with enzyme inhbitor studies, leads us to speculate that the observed action of
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP on rabbit ear cartilages may be mediated by the neutral
      proteases.

PMID- 181083
TI  - Affinity chromatography of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas
      testosteroni. Use of N,N-dimethylformamide to prevent hydrophobic interactions
      between the enzyme and the ligand.
AB  - 1. The 3alpha-hydroxysteroid: NAD+-oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.50) from Pseudomonas
      testosteroni (ATCC 11996) has been purified by affinity chromatography on
      Sepharose 4B using glycocholic acid as ligand covalently bound through its
      carboxyl group to the ethylenediamine spacer. 2. The attachment of the enzyme to
      the substrate-containing matrix is greatly enhanced by the presence of NAD+
      suggesting that this enzyme has a compulsory ordered mechanism where NAD+ binds
      to the enzyme before the steroid. 3. A NAD+-independent interaction between the
      enzyme and the ligand was also found. This interaction was mainly hydrophobic and
      interfered with the NAD+-dependent binding. The NAD+-independent interaction was
      reduced by N,N-dimethylformamide. 4. By using the affinity column in the presence
      of 10% N,N-dimethylformamide, highly purified enzyme, as judged from
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, could be obtained in one step from crude
      bacterial extracts.

PMID- 181084
TI  - On the location of active serines of membrane acetylcholinesterase studied by the
      ESR method.
AB  - 1. An attempt was made to find out the causes of the discrepancy between the ESR
      spectra of membrane acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) obtained by Morrisett and
      co-workers and those obtained by the present authors. 2. In order to see whether
      the discrepancy was due to the different spin-labeling procedures, the same
      membrane acetylcholinesterase preparations were spin-labeled with the same
      compound, using the two different spin-labeling procedures. The enzyme activity
      was determined with pH-static titration and the ESR spectra recorded. 3. It was
      found that after spin-labeling according to Morrisett and co-workers, there were
      from 10-100 times more spin-label molecules bound to the enzyme preparations than
      there were active serines in them. 4. Using the method of Morrisett and co
      workers, the majority of spin-label molecules was found to be bound to sites
      outside the active serines whereas the spin-labeling procedures of the present
      authors proved to be selective for active serines; the discrepancy in ESR spectra
      is explained.

PMID- 181085
TI  - A kinetic analysis of the dephosphorylation, by bovine spleen phosphoprotein
      phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16) of a phosphopeptide derived from beta-casein.
AB  - A peptide containing the four closely grouped phosphoseryl residues present in
      beta-casein has been enzymatically dephosphorylated with bovine spleen
      phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16). The course of the dephosphorylation
      reaction has been followed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and the amount of
      partially phosphorylated peptides present at each stage quantified by the same
      method. The phosphate groups are shown to be removed in a sequential manner and
      the rate constants for each stage of the dephosphorylation have been computed
      from the data obtained. The rate constants indicate that interaction in the
      intact peptide results in an enhancement of the activity of the phosphoseryl
      cluster.

PMID- 181086
TI  - Biochemical assay by immobilized enzymes and a mass spectrometer.
AB  - By counting the volatile molecules produced by an immobilized-enzyme catalyzed
      reaction which is interfaced to a mass spectrometer via a semi-permeable
      membrane, a general approach to biochemical measurement and detection is obtained
      which offers the potential of high sensitivity, specificity and speed. In
      combination with molecule microscopy, this method should allow, for example, a
      mapping of suitable enzyme distributions in non-stained and non-fixed tissue
      slices. Immobilized urease (urea amidohyrdrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) was used to assay
      urea using CO2 as the volatile product, and alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol:NAD+
      oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) was used to assay NADH using ethanol as the volatile
      product.

PMID- 181087
TI  - Dinucleosidasetetraphosphatase in rat liver and Artemia salina.
AB  - A comparative study of an enzymatic activity present in Artemia salina and rat
      liver which specifically splits dinucleoside tetraphosphates is presented. All
      the purine and pyrimidine dinucleoside tetraphosphates tested, i.e. diadenosine,
      diguanosine, dixanthosine and diuridine tetraphosphates, were substrates of both
      enzymes with similar maximum velocities and Km values, (around 10 muM). The
      inhibition by nucleotides of the enzyme from the two sources is also similar.
      Particularly relevant is the strong inhibition caused by nucleoside
      tetraphosphates which have Ki values in the nanomolar range. The Artemia enzyme
      has a slightly lower molecular weight (17 500) than the liver enzyme (21 000) and
      is more resistant to acidic pH. Based on previous findings, the enzyme from
      Artemia salina was named diguanosinetetraphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.17) by the Enzyme
      Commission. The results presented in this paper show that the liver and Artemia
      enzymes are similar, and we propose to name this enzyme as
      dinucleosidetetraphosphatase or dinucleoside-tetraphosphate nucleotidehydrolase.

PMID- 181088
TI  - Lysyl hydroxylase. Further purification and characterization of the enzyme from
      chick embryos and chick embryo cartilage.
AB  - A purification of up to 4000-fold is reported for lysyl hydroxylase (EC
      1.14.11.4) from extract of chick-embryo homogenate and one of about 300-fold from
      extract of chick-embryo cartilage. Multiple forms of the enzyme were observed
      during purification from whole chick embryos. In gel filtration the elution
      positions of the two main forms corresponded to average molecular weights of
      about 580000 and 220000. These two forms could also be clearly separated in
      hydroxyapatite chromatography. In addition, some enzyme activity was always
      eluted between the two main peaks both in gel filtration and in hydroxyapatite
      chromatography. The presence of the two main forms was also observed when
      purifying enzyme from chick embryo cartilage. Both forms of the enzyme
      hydroxylated lysine in arginine-rich histone, which does not contain any -X-Lys
      Gly- sequence. No difference was found between the enzyme from whole chick
      embryos and from chick embryo cartilage in this respect. Lysyl hydroxylase was
      found to have affinity for concanavalin A, indicating the presence of some
      carbohydrate residues in the enzyme molecule. Lysyl and prolyl hydroxylase
      activities increased when the chick embryo homogenate was assayed in the presence
      of lysolecithin. Preincubation of the homogenate either with lysolecithin or with
      Triton X-100 increased lysyl hydroxylase activity in homogenate, and in the 1500
      x g and 150000 x g supernatants, suggesting that the increase in the enzyme
      activity was due to liberation of the enzyme from the membranes. Divalent cations
      were found to inhibit the activity of lysyl and prolyl hydroxylases in vitro. An
      inhibition of about 50% was achieved with 15 mM calcium 60 muM copper and 3 muM
      zinc concentrations. The mode of inhibition was tested with Cu2+, and was found
      to be competitive with Fe2+.

PMID- 181089
TI  - Steady-state kinetics of high molecular weight (type-I) NADH dehydrogenase.
AB  - (1) Studies of the steady-state kinetics of the NADH dehydrogenase activity of
      Complex I (NADH: Q oxidoreductase) revealed that the reaction mechanism with the
      one-electron acceptor ferricyanide or the two-electron acceptor 2,6-dichloro
      indophenol is ping pong bi bi, with double substrate inhibition. NADH inhibits
      the reaction of the reduced form of the flavoprotein with the acceptors, and the
      acceptors prevent NADH from reacting with the oxidized form. This implies that
      both NADH and acceptors react with the same site on NADH dehydrogenase. (2) The
      velocity at infinite NADH and acceptor concentrations (corrected for the double
      substrate inhibition) is much larger with ferricyanide than with the indophenol.
      It is concluded that the latter binds to the reduced enzyme. Thus, with
      ferricyanide the rate constant measured refers to the dissociation of bound NAD+
      from the reduced enzyme (k2) and with the indophenol to the rate constant of
      oxidation of reduced enzyme by bound acceptor (k4). The latter value is not an
      estimate for the situation in vivo, where ubiquinone is the acceptor. (3) The
      rate constant of the dissociation of bound NAD+ from the reduced enzyme (k2)
      increases with pH. It is suggested that an ionizing group on the enzyme is
      involved in the dissociation. (4) After extraction of ubiquinone from Complex I
      with pentane curve relating activity at infinite ferricyanide concentration to
      NADH concentration changes from hyperbolic to sigmoidal. The hyperbolic curve is
      restored by reincorporating ubiquinone. It is concluded that ubiquinone is an
      effector for NADH dehydrogenase.

PMID- 181090
TI  - Steady-state kinetics of low molecular weight (type-II) NADH dehydrogenase.
AB  - (1) The steady-state kinetics of the NADH dehydrogenase activity of Type-II (low
      molecular weight) NADH dehydrogenase with the acceptors ferricyanide, cytochrome
      c and 2,6-dichloroindophenol are consistent with the simultaneous operation of an
      ordered and a ping-pong mechanism. Thus, depending on the acceptor concentration,
      the reduced enzyme is preferentially oxidized before or after NAD+ disociates
      from it. (2) The acceptors are able to oxidize the reduced enzyme and its NAD+
      complex equally well. In contrast to the kinetics of the Type-I (high molecular
      weight) enzyme, double substrate inhibition is not found, implying that the site
      of oxidation of the reduced enzyme by acceptors and the NADH-binding site are
      remote. (3) With the indophenol, in the concentration range measured, the ordered
      mechanism is mainly operative. At infinite NADH and acceptor concentrations the
      rate constant of the reduction of enzyme by bound NADH is measured. (4) With
      ferricyanide and cytochrome c, in the concentration range measured, erroneous
      conclusions may be drawn from extrapolations owing to the fact that extrapolated
      lines in double-reciprocal plots of turnover number against acceptor
      concentration, at different NADH concentrations, intersect in the third quadrant.
      A method is described that allows the extrapolation of these data to zero
      acceptor concentrations. (5) The relation between activity and NADH concentration
      is sigmoidal (h = 2.0) with ferricyanide or cytochrome c as acceptor, but
      hyperbolic with 2,6-dichloroindophenol. The latter is also an inhibitor,
      competitive with respect to NADH. It is concluded that this two-electron
      acceptor, like ubiquinone, acts as an allosteric effector. (6) Type II is
      isolated from Type I without gross changes in tertiary structure, as judged by
      the unaltered rate constants of dissociation of NADH (k-1) and NAD+ (k4) and
      association of NADH (k1). (7) Type II differs from Type I in two respects, (a)
      The accessibility of the acceptors is greater by at least two orders of magnitude
      (k3). (b) The redox potential of the prosthetic group FMN is 120 mV less, as
      judged by a drop in the value of k2 by four orders of magnitude. It is suggested
      that one or more of the iron-sulphur proteins present in Type-I but lacking in
      Type-II dehydrogenase functions as an effector, regulating the redox potential of
      the FMN.

PMID- 181091
TI  - Electrochemical characterization of immobilized NAD+.
AB  - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has been covalently attached to alginic
      acid using carbodiimide coupling, thereby producing a macromolecular adduct of
      NAD, which can be rendered either soluble or insoluble by adjustment of pH. It
      was found that this NAD+-alginic acid complex was enzymatically active, and also
      that the oxidized form could be electrochemically reduced without loss in
      enzymatic activity. This NAD+ adduct has now also been polarographically
      characterized as to its two-step reduction waves, which are slightly shifted
      toward more cathodic potential as compared to free NAD+. When controlled
      electrolysis was conducted to reduce the bound NAD+ at the cathode, the NADH so
      formed by electrochemical action was found to be again oxidizable either
      enzymatically or electrochemically without loss in co-enzymatic function. The
      NADH adduct produced by electrochemical reduction of the NAD+ adduct has also
      been characterized by voltammetry.

PMID- 181092
TI  - Flash photolysis-electron spin resonance studies of photosystem I. A fast
      reduction of component of P-700+.
AB  - A 300 mus decay component of ESR Signal I (P-700+) in chloroplasts is observed
      following a 10 mus actinic xenon flash. This transient is inhibited by treatments
      which block electron transfer from Photosystem II to Photosystem I (e.g. 3-(3,4
      dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p
      benzoquinone (DBMIB), KCN and HgCl2). The fast transient reduction of P-700+ can
      be restored in the case of DCMU or DBMIB inhibition by addition of an electron
      donor couple (2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (Cl2Ind)/ascorbate) which supplies
      electrons to cytochrome f. However, this donor couple is inefficient in restoring
      electron transport in chloroplasts which have been inhibited with the
      plastocyanin inactivators, KCN and HgCl2. Oxidation-reduction measurements reveal
      that the fast P-700+ reduction component reflects electron transfer from a
      component with Em = 375 +/- 10 mV (pH = 7.5). These data suggest the assignment
      of the 300-mus decay kinetics to electron transfer from cytochrome f (Fe2+) to P
      700+, thus confirming the recent observations of Haehnel et al. (Z. Naturforsch.
      26b, 1171-1174 (1971)).

PMID- 181094
TI  - Glycerokinase activity and lipolysis regulation in brown adipose tissue of cold
      acclimated rats.
AB  - Glycerol release by brown adipocytes from constant cold adapted rats was not
      stimulated by norepinephrine. On the contrary, the release was stimulated in rats
      adapted to a nycthemeral fluctuatiing temperature from 5 degrees to 28 degrees C.
      Glycerokinase activity was greatly increased in brown adipose tissue by cold
      adptation ; there was no change in the liver. However this increased activity
      cannot entirely explain the lack of norepinephrine stimulation of glycerol
      release in the brown adipose tissue of cold adapted rats.

PMID- 181093
TI  - Trans-membrane control of the receptors on normal and tumor cells. II. Surface
      changes associated with transformation and malignancy.

PMID- 181095
TI  - Modeling aspects of learning by altering biophysical properties of a simulated
      neuron.

PMID- 181096
TI  - Is there a genetic factor in certain dream types?

PMID- 181097
TI  - Association between macrophage activity and serum haptoglobin levels.
AB  - Serum haptoglobin is elevated by treatment of mice with thioglycollate, B.C.G. or
      silica. Haptoglobin concentrations were followed for a two week period following
      treatment and were found to correlate with the known effect of the stimulants
      upon macrophage activity. The numbers and characteristics of peritoneal exudate
      cells present following intraperitoneal thioglycollate inoculation suggest a
      relationship between phagocytic activity and serum haptoglobin levels and support
      the idea that serum haptoglobin levels may be controlled by mediators released
      during the process of phagocytosis.

PMID- 181098
TI  - Temperature dependence of ESR spectra of spin-labelled met-hemoglobin.
AB  - The maleimide spin-label, firmly fixed to the protein, was used to study
      conformation changes of various met-hemoglobin derivatives. The temperature
      dependence of the rotational correlation time shows a distinct conformation
      change in aquomet-hemoglobin at about 25 degrees C. The other met-hemoglobin
      derivatives studied (fluoro-, cyano-, aquomet-complexed with inositol
      hexaphosphate) and carbonmonoxy-hemoglobin exhibit no conformation changes in the
      temperature range from 0-50 degrees C.

PMID- 181099
TI  - [Mechanisms of transmission of excitation grnerated in the orbito-frontal
      cortex].
AB  - Experiments carried out on cats showed that interhemispheric generalization of
      strychnine spasmodic potentials from the orbito-frontal cortex were mainly
      brought about by the callosal pathway. In contrast to other projection and
      association zones of the cortex only the frontal portion of the corpus callosum
      (the rostrum) and not the whole corpus took part in transmitting strychnine
      commissures. The results of investigations carried out were consistent with the
      general conception of the principle of the determining dispatch station (DDS) in
      the nervous system integration activity. These results reveal that the appearance
      of the DDS induces secondary excitation foci which fully reproduce tha work
      regimen of the DDS. Switching of such "mirror" foci representing "the destination
      stations" from the DDS influence led to the elimination of the activity induced
      in them.

PMID- 181100
TI  - [Cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate content of the brain in conditions of
      extreme stimulation].
AB  - The content of brain cAMP was investigated under conditions of electric
      stimulation of immobilized rats which resulted in the development of reflex
      dystrophies of the internal organs. There was found a pronounced decrease in the
      amount of cAMP in the rat brain which developed 15 minutes after the beginning of
      extreme stimulation and remaained at the same low level for 3 hours after the
      electrical irritation. Reduction of the cAMP level was probably connected with
      noradrenaline and other biologically-active amine deficiency in the brain under
      conditions of extreme stimulation.

PMID- 181101
TI  - [Adrenaline-induced release from thrombocytes of beta-lipoprotein, alkaline
      phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase].
AB  - Platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline is accompanied by release of beta
      lipoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and factor 3. Electrophoretic
      mobility of platelet alkaline phosphatase was the same as that of beta
      lipoprotein. This suggest that beta-lipoprotein, alkaline phosphatase and 5'
      nucleotidase are structural components of platelet compounds which possess factor
      3 activity.

PMID- 181102
TI  - [Change in the mitotic activity of hepatocytes and resorption of necrotic areas
      in the formation of liver cirrhosis].
AB  - Cirrhosis of the liver was induced in rats weighing 120--140 g by CCl4
      administration for a period of 2 months. Iodated oil, which caused emboly of the
      portal vein branches and foci of necrosis in the heptic tissue, was administered
      through the spleen to experimental and intact animals. The volume of necrotic
      foci, and also the mitotic actinity of hepatites were determined. Necrotic foci
      resolved more rapidly in cirrhosis of the liver. An increase of mitotic index of
      the second day after the administration of iodated oil was more significant in
      control rats.

PMID- 181103
TI  - [Effect of coniophage decomposition products on the biological activity of
      fibroblasts].
AB  - Cytochemical studies showed that destroyed coinophages, which phagocytized
      cytoxic and fibrogenic quartz dust, activated the synthetic function of rat
      fibroblasts when added to the culture medium. Inert talcum dust used under
      similar experimental conditions failed to produce any noticable changes in
      comparison with control studies.

PMID- 181104
TI  - Changes in the contractile response of arteires and veins from hypertensive
      rabbits to sympathetic nerve activity: assessment of some postsynaptic
      influences.
AB  - Contractile responses to field stimulation of intramural nerves of arteries and
      veins taken from rabbits made hypertensive by partial constriction of the
      abdominal aorta have been related to the carotid artery pressure. The increase in
      contraction of cephalic and short saphenous veins with rise in carotid artery
      pressure can be accounted for by an increase in sensitivity of the alpha
      adrenergic receptor. The neurogenic contraction of the ear artery increased with
      carotid artery pressure rise. Changes in some of the extraneuronal factors that
      influence transmitter distribution and disposition in the tunica media were
      examined. In hypertensive animals, the percentage of released adrenergic
      transmitter entering the vessel wall might be expected to decrease due to an
      increase in medial thickness. However, this percentage was not significantly
      altered in the ear artery probably due, in part, to a concomitant increase in
      medial permeability to the transmitter. Extraneuronal transmitter disposition
      factors, i.e. extraneuronal uptake, monoamine oxidase, and catechol-O
      methyltransferase activity are directly related to the wet weight of the vessel
      wall. Thus, their contribution to transmitter disposition would be expected to
      increase with increase in vessel wall thickness and tend to reduce the response
      to sympathetic activity. As the contractile response increased in the
      hypertensive vessels despite such changes, the increase in effector cell mass and
      density of neuronal terminal plexus, shown previously to increase with
      hypertension, are more important than these other considerations.

PMID- 181106
TI  - An autopsy case of lymphosarcoma associated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia,
      cytomegalovirus infection, and miliary tuberculosis.

PMID- 181105
TI  - Ethio-pathogenetic therapy of herpesvirus eye infection.

PMID- 181107
TI  - Serum globulin subfraction variations in liver cirrhosis and hepatoma.

PMID- 181108
TI  - Studies on the effect of nicotinamide and ethylnicotinic acid on cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase from rat liver.

PMID- 181109
TI  - What's your diagnosis?

PMID- 181110
TI  - Indomethacin-induced alterations in corticosteroid and prostaglandin release by
      isolated adrenocortical cells of the cat.
AB  - 1 The effects of purported prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on steroid and
      prostaglandin (E and F) release from trypsin-dispersed cat adrenocortical cells
      were investigated. 2 Low indomethacin concentrations potentiated
      adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)-evoked prostaglandin and steroid release, whereas
      higher concentrations depressed both responses to ACTH. The steroidogenic
      response to exogenous prostaglandin E2 was not markedly altered over a wide range
      of indomethacin concentrations. 3 Indomethacin enhanced basal steroid release but
      did not enhance basal prostaglandin E or F release. 4 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic
      acid (ETA) elicited a concentration-dependent inhibition of ACTH-induced steroid
      release, but had little effect on prostaglandin E2-induced steroid release. A
      high concentration of ETA inhibited prostaglandin E and F release. 5 These data
      are discussed in relation to the concept that prostaglandins provide a critical
      link in ACTH-induced corticosteroidogenesis.

PMID- 181111
TI  - Van Buchem's disease (hyperostosis corticalis generalisata)
AB  - The features of Van Buchem's disease are described, affecting six members of one
      family, spanning three generations of ages from 7 to 64 years.

PMID- 181112
TI  - A new stannous agent kit for labelling red blood cells with 99TCM and its
      clinical application.
AB  - 99Tcm is chosen for labelling erythrocytes for vascular imaging to take advantage
      of the physical properties of the radionuclide. A new procedure is described
      which belongs to the category of pre-treatment methods using a kit. Stannous
      pyrophosphate is the specific reducing reagent. The technique is easier than
      already published methods: it consists of adding the above reagent to 2 ml. of
      heparinized blood, waiting five minutes and discarding the serum after
      centrifugation, then adding the radioactivity required as 99TcmO4. Labelling
      yield is superior to 95 per cent. The influence of technetium concentration of
      the pertechnetate solution on the labeling yield is evaluated and compensated by
      a slight adjustment of tin concentration when necessary. In vitro and in vivo
      stability studies show that 99Tcm-labelled red cells are suitable for
      determination of red cell volume, spleen and placental imaging, particularly in
      emergencies and in paediatrics.

PMID- 181113
TI  - Electrophysiological studies of normal and degenerating mouse neuromuscular
      junctions.
AB  - A quantitative study of the functional changes occurring at end-plates of
      phrenicotomised mouse hemidiaphragms was made. Analysis of the frequency of
      spontaneous transmitter release revealed large scale deviations from a Poisson
      based process commencing 6-7 h post-phrenicotomy. Short term bursts of miniature
      end-plate potentials (minEPPs) lasting 0.5-1.0 sec frequently occurred and also
      long term bursts of minEPPs which lasted from several minutes to 0.5 h or more.
      Following the long term bursts there was regularly a lasting silence at the end
      plates. MinEPP amplitudes were analysed. Probability analyses suggest that the
      minEPPs are often normally distributed amongst two or more populations. This
      relationship was maintained during degeneration of the end-plate. No significant
      differences between the distribution of mean minEPP amplitudes of degenerating
      end-plates and normal end-plates were found. This suggests that no change in the
      quantal unit of transmitter release occurs during degeneration of the end-plate.

PMID- 181115
TI  - Analysis of phasic activities in the lateral rectus muscle of the eyes (PALRE)
      during paradoxical sleep in chronic cerebellectomized cats.

PMID- 181114
TI  - NADH fluorescence, [K+]0 and oxygen consumption in cat cerebral cortex during
      direct cortical stimulation.
AB  - NADH fluorescence, sagittal sinus blood flow and sinus hemoglobin saturation were
      monitored simultaneously during direct cortical stimulation of a wide area of the
      anterior and mid suprasylvian and marginal gyri. The area monitored
      flurorometrically was located within the area apparently drained by the sinus, so
      that the flurometric changes could be correlated with oxygen consumption changes
      calculated from the sinus flow and saturation values. The onset and peak values
      of calculated oxygen consumption and NADH fluorescence changes usually occurred
      within several seconds of one another and high, significant (r greater than 0.9
      and P less than 0.01) correlations were found between the maximum changes in both
      parameters following stimulation. The relation of cortical [K+]0 changes to
      oxygen consumption changes was also explored; again the magnitude of [K+]0
      changes and calculated oxygen consumption changes correlated well. The
      demonstrated agreement between fluorometric and direct (sinus cannulation)
      measurements of oxidative metabolism reinforces the interpretation of in situ
      cortical fluorescence changes as indicative of changes in oxygen consumption rate

PMID- 181117
TI  - Regulation of neuronal properties by afferent connections. I. Functional changes
      in snail neurons following section of presysnaptic nerve fibers.
AB  - The left cerebral connective of snail ganglia containing afferent inputs to a
      particular neuron was sectioned. One week after the operation synaptic potentials
      were not obtained when the connective was stimulated, and they had not reappeared
      after 60 days. The current-voltage relationship of denervated cells showed a
      rectification in the hyperpolarizing direction, whereas that of control cells had
      an ohmic behavior. Depolarization or conductance changes produced by ACh or
      carbachol showed a supersensitivity in denervated cells, evidenced by a shift to
      the left of the dose-response curve and an increase of the maximal responses
      obtained. The reversal potential of ACh shifted from--22 mV in the control to--8
      mV in denervated cells. Depolarization produced by serotonin was similar in
      control and denervated cells.

PMID- 181116
TI  - Effects of kainic acid, a cyclic analogue of glutamic acid, on cyclic nucleotide
      accumulation in slices of rat cerebellum.
AB  - The concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in slices of rat
      cerebellum was increased markedly in the presence of 100 muM kainic acid, a
      cyclic analogue of glutamic acid. No acitvity was detected in other brain areas
      at various dosed or incubation times. Ksainic acid was significantly more potent
      than glutamic acid and other glutamate-like compounds. The increases in cAMP and
      cGMP could be differentially inhibited with theophylline or cocaine respectively,
      but both systems required calcium. Compounds similar in structure to kainic acid
      or glutamate did not block the effects of kainic acid.

PMID- 181118
TI  - [Concerning the question of blood prime of the apparatus for extracorporeal
      circulation in cardiosurgical operations (author's transl)].

PMID- 181119
TI  - [Paget's disease of the breast in a male].
AB  - The case of a 78-year-old man with Paget's disease of the breast, described
      herein, appears to be only the 22nd histologically proven case of this rare
      condition; in over 100 years less than 50 cases have been reported. Since this
      patient had no underlying tumour or nodal involvement the operation consisted of
      total mastectomy with removal of axillary nodes only, rather than the classical
      radical mastectomy. All eczematoid lesions of the areola of the breast that
      persist for more than 2 weeks or are unilateral should be considered Paget's
      disease until proven otherwise by biopsy.

PMID- 181120
TI  - Letter to the editor: Prevention of experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis
      by exposure to IBR virus.

PMID- 181121
TI  - Oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Early treatment results of combination radiation
      therapy and chemotherapy.
AB  - Since August 1974, 50 patients with histologically proven oat cell carcinoma of
      the lung were treated at Indiana University Hospitals with a combination of
      adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, BCG immunotherapy, and radiation therapy
      to the primary lung tumor and whole brain. Twenty-nine patients are eligible for
      a 6-month follow-up and are included in this report. All 29 patients responded to
      therapy; 12 patients (41%) had a minimum of 50% reduction in tumor mass and 17
      patients (59%) had complete clinical remission of disease. Eight (38%) of the 29
      patients have remained in complete remission from 6 to 14 months, and 90% of the
      patients survived a minimum of 6 months. This represents a considerable
      improvement in survival rates over what had been obtained at Indiana University
      Hospitals previously.

PMID- 181122
TI  - Postoperative radiation therapy for residual Wilm's tumor. Review of Group III
      patients in the National Wilm's Tumor Study.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients with residual abdominal disease (Group III) are reviewed
      from National Wilm's Tumor Study "1. The totap III) are reviewed from National
      Wilm's Tumor Study No. 1. The total number of abdominal recurrences is relatively
      low (eight cases). Local irradiation of the renal fossa would seem to be
      sufficient treatment for disease believed to be limited to that region, including
      cases of local spillage. Whole abdominal irradiation is recommended for gross,
      diffuse peritoneal contamination.

PMID- 181123
TI  - Pulmonary function in survivors of Wilm's tumor. Patterns of impairment.
AB  - Whole-lung irradiation in Wilms' Tumor patients has been given prophylactically
      and for treatment of metastasis. Thirty-three children with Wilm's tumor who have
      survived for 4 to 20 years from the time of diagnosis were avaiable for study.
      Whole-lung irradiation was given in doses from 1163 to 1370 rads (orthovoltage).
      Eighteen patients (Group N) received no irradiation to the lungs. The remaining
      15 patients were divided according to whether pulmonary irradiation was given for
      metastatic disease (Group M--10 patients) or for prophylactic treatment (Group P-
      five patients). All but five patients in Group N received at least one course of
      actinomycin D. A routine set of pulmonary function tests was done to assess
      possible abnormalities of lung volume and the mechanics of breathing. Group N was
      normal. The findings in Group M suggested moderately reduced lung volumes and may
      have also reflected obstruction of the large airways and/or a limited expiratory
      effort. Group P had essentially normal lung volumes but also appeared to have
      obstruction of the larger airways. Abnormalities were generally not severe; only
      two patients, in Group M, were symptomatic. Excess irradiation, presence of
      metastatsis, additional lung irradiation, and pneumonitis may have contributed to
      morbidity.

PMID- 181125
TI  - Urinary cholesterol. VIII. Its excretion in women with ovarian neoplasms.
AB  - The urinary excretion of nonesterified cholesterol (NEC) has been investigated in
      57 women with ovarian neoplasms and/or related nonneoplastic diseases. Twelve
      patients had benign tumors or lesions and 45 had malignant neoplasms of their
      ovaries. All patients with nonmalignant ovarian tumors or lesions had normal NEC
      excretion irrespective of the type of tumor or lesion or its degree of extension.
      In contrast, urinary NEC hyperexcretion occurred with the following frequencies
      in patients with active malignant ovarian neoplasms: 18 of 19 cystadenocarcinomas
      of the serous and/or mucinous types; one of one endometrioid carcinoma; four of
      four malignant granulosa cell tumors; two of two mixed malignant germ cell
      tumors; and one of one malignant mixed mullerian tumor. Single cases of clear
      cell carcinoma and of rhabdomyosarcoma had a normal NEC excretion. Urinary
      hyperexcretion of NEC was also found after surgery in two of seven surviving
      patients with apparently localized resectable disease according to their staging.
      It is possible that in these two patients NEC hyperexcretion was due to
      undetected foci of cancer (wrong staging), since neither omental and peritoneal
      biopsies, nor cytologic examination of peritoneal washings or free fluid were
      performed. A normal excretion of urinary NEC has been characteristic of 19 of 21
      surviving patients treated by surgery and adjunctive therapy in whom we have
      performed follow-up NEC determinations. They were 16 of 18 cystadenocarcinomas
      malignant germ cell tumor. The 94% correlation between the presence of proven
      active ovarian carcinomas and urinary NEC hyperexcretion is significant. The
      clinical significance of this investigation is even greater when one considers
      that cystadenocarcinomas constitute more than 75% of all primary malignant
      ovarian tumors.

PMID- 181124
TI  - Immune evaluation of lung cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.
AB  - Immunocompetence, as determined by skin reactivity to five microbial antigens,
      dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and percent and absolute number of total T and B
      rosette-forming cells (RFC), was assessed before and up to 180 days after
      radiotherapy in 29 patients with carcinoma of the lung. Pretherapy evaluation
      showed a depressed response to microbial antigens (only 38% positive), to DNCB
      (50% positive), and lower level of T-RFC. Postradiotherapy determinations were
      further depressed. Patients with positive pretherapy responses to microbial
      antigens and DNCB and higher than median absolute numbers at total T-RFC had
      significantly longer survival. These data suggest that pretherapy immune
      evaluation is a good prognostic indicator. No prognostic significance was found
      in B-RFC evaluation. No correlation was seen between the stage of disease
      (locally advanced or with distant metastases) and the pretherapy immune response.

PMID- 181126
TI  - Radiation-induced intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
AB  - An autopsy case of radiation-induced intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma
      (fibroxanthosarcoma) is reported. The tumor developed in the region of the sella
      turcica 11 years after high dose radiotherapy of a chromophobe adenoma of the
      pituitary. The tumor had infiltrated the base of the brain as well as the base of
      the skull. Metastases were not found. The tumor was composed of an admixture of
      bizarre fibroblasts, histiocytes and giant cells, xanthoma cells and
      siderophages, with a storiform fibrous stroma. This appears to be the first
      documented instance of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma occurring intracranially
      after local x-irradiation.

PMID- 181127
TI  - Signet-ring stromal tumor of ovary. Histochemical, light, and electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - A peculiar primary ovarian neoplasm occurring in a 28-year-old woman is
      presented. The tumor cells showed extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation, resulting in
      a "signet-ring" appearance similar to what was described in Krukenberg tumors.
      The tumor was studied histochemically, as well as by light and electron
      microscopy. The cells appeared to be uniform. A moderately electron-dense
      flocculent material was present in the cytoplasmic vacuoles. similar material was
      seen in the intercellular matrix with some fibrillary structures suggesting a
      protein structure. This, coupled with the lack of any basement membrane material
      around the tumor cells, indicates a mesenchymal tumor that is probably derived
      from the multipotent ovarian stromal cell. The features that help to
      differentiate this tumor from other ovarian tumors with clear or vacuolated cells
      are discussed. Because of its gross and microscopic appearance, the tumor is
      expected to behave in a benign fashion.

PMID- 181128
TI  - Gastrinoma of duodenal G-cell origin.
AB  - A 65-year-old man with hypergastrinemia associated with the Zollinger-Ellison
      syndrome was found to have a duodenal "carcinoid-islet cell tumor." Gastrin
      levels have remained normal for more than 1 year following total gastrectomy and
      removal of the duodenal tumor. Immunohistochemical studies for gastrin
      localization revealed positive staining of the tumor and of a population of
      nonneoplastic G-cells in the adjacent duodenal mucosa and Brunner's glands. These
      results support the hypothesis that gastrinomas may arise as primary tumors from
      duodenal G-cells rather than from ectopic pancreatic tissue. "Carcinoidislet cell
      tumors," like other tumors of APUD-cell origin, may express dual biochemical
      functions in the form of polypeptide hormone and/or amine secretion. Their
      content of specific hormonal products may be predicted on the basis of sensitive
      histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques.

PMID- 181130
TI  - Familial glioblastoma with hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia.
AB  - Two siblings succumbed to glioblastoma multiforme, associated with hepatic focal
      nodular hyperplasia and cafe-au-lait spots. One sibling had syndactyly and
      multiple colonic polyps, while the other had an angiomatous malformation in the
      brain. Their mother died of myasthenia gravis. The findings suggest a
      hamartomatous syndrome of malformations that predisposes to brain tumors.

PMID- 181129
TI  - Simultaneous occurrence of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor and brain heterotopia
      in the oropharynx.
AB  - A case is described of heterotopic brain tissue with simultaneous occurrence of
      melanotic neuroectodermal tumor in the oropharynx of a 6-week-old infant. The
      melanotic neuroectodermal tumor was embedded within the heterotopic glial tissue.
      This coexistence leads us to speculate that a defect causing a pinching-off of
      both neural crest cap and medullary epithelium of neural tube might have taken
      place at, or before, the 25-30 somite stage. The displaced embryonic structures
      subsequently differentiated into glial tissue, choroid plexus, and melanotic
      neuroectodermal tumor. This observation may be interpreted as further support in
      favor of a neural crest origin of juvenile melanotic neuroectodermal tumor.

PMID- 181131
TI  - Vesicocolic fistula due to "collision" between adenocarcinoma of the colon and
      transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
AB  - A patient with sigmoidocystic fistula due to "collision" between mucoid
      adenocarcinoma of the colon and transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary
      bladder is presented. A wide resection of the colonic tumor, along with the
      involved bladder segment, and a decompressive colostomy with bladder drainage by
      catheter, were performed. The clinical symptoms, diagnostic procedures, operative
      treatment, and prognosis are discussed. Although fistular formation is an
      indication of advanced carcinoma, wide resection of the tumor and the associated
      fistular along with the node-bearing area will result in a reasonable percentage
      of 5-year survivals.

PMID- 181132
TI  - Chemotherapy of invasive thymoma.
AB  - Despite conventional therapy, including surgery and radiation, 5-year survival
      for invasive thymoma remains poor. Chemotherapeutic agents, including
      cisdiamminedichloroplatinum, prednisone, adriamycin and nitrogen mustard
      vincristine-vinblastine-procarbazine, and bleomycin-adriamycin-CCNU-vincristine
      have produced short-term remissions. In view of the small number of cases seen in
      any one institution, a cooperative study to evaluate chemotherapeutic efficacy in
      malignant thymoma would seem worthwhile.

PMID- 181133
TI  - Synovial sarcoma with brain metastases. Report of a case responding to
      supervoltage irradiation and review of the literature.
AB  - A 32-year-old man with clinically evident brain metastases from synovial sarcoma
      had a complete clinical remission after cerebral radiation. At autopsy, residual
      tumor was found in the brain.

PMID- 181134
TI  - Hypothalamus and cytodifferentiation of the foetal pituitary gland. Study in
      vivo.
AB  - To investigate whether the hypothalamus is involved in the cytodifferentiation of
      the anterior pituitary gland, rat foetuses were encephalectomized in utero on day
      16 of pregnancy. Pituitary sections from encephalectomized and normal littermate
      foetuses were studied on day 21 with the immunofluorescence technique using
      antibodies anti alpha-MSH, anti beta-MSH, anti alpha-(17-39) ACTH and anti beta
      (1-24) ACTH. On day 16, only the anti beta-MSH revealed a few cells in the pars
      distalis but not in the pars intermedia. On the other hand, on day 21, the
      pituitary cells reacting with antibodies anti alpha-MSH, anti beta-MSH and anti
      alpha-(17-39) ACTH were as numerous in the encephalectomized foetuses as in the
      normal littermate foetuses. The cells revealed with the antibody anti beta-(1-24)
      ACTH were less numerous and less fluorescent in the pars distalis and intermedia
      of the hypophysis of the encephalectomized foetuses. On day 21, the adrenals of
      the encephalectomized foetuses were atrophied in comparison with those of the
      normal littermate foetuses but they were larger than on day 16. These data
      suggest that the cytodifferentiation of the corticotroph and melanotroph cells of
      the hypophysis occurs without the influence of the hypothalamus which is
      necessary for the normal release of ACTH.

PMID- 181135
TI  - Fine structure of taste buds in the barbel of the catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.
AB  - Taste buds occur in the epithelium of the catfish barbel along its entire length.
      Two major cell types, light and dark cells, occupy the upper two-thirds of the
      taste bud. A third cell type, the basal cell, lies on the basal lamina and is
      essentially separated from the light and dark cells by a plexus of unmyelinated
      nerve fibers. The dark cells have branching processes, both apically and basally
      whereas the light cells have a single apical process and many basal processes.
      The apical processes of dark cells contain secretory granules, while the apical
      processes of light cells contain an abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum.
      Light cell nuclei contain bundles of 10 nm filaments, often arranged in the shape
      of a cup or ring, but nucleoli are rarely seen. It is suggested that this
      morphology indicates a low degree of RNA synthesis by light cells. The basal
      cells contain large numbers of vesicles, about 60 nm in diameter, which are
      sometimes seen in clumps in relation to an adjacent nerve fiber in a
      configuration resembling a synapse. Curiously, although basal cells present a
      large surface to the basal lamina, there are no hemidesmosomes. This suggests
      that the basal cell does not originate from the epidermis.

PMID- 181136
TI  - Editorial: Cholera, cycl amp and diarrhoea.

PMID- 181137
TI  - Oxidation-induced lymphocyte transformation.

PMID- 181138
TI  - Specific binding of the type C viral core protein p12 with purified viral RNA.
AB  - The major viral phosphoproteins (p12) of the Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R
      MuLV) and the simian sarcoma-associated virus (SSAV) bind in vitro to their
      homologous 70S and 35S viral RNAs. Using purified 32P-labeled RNA and 125I
      labeled p12 protein, complexes that are stabilized by formaldehyde-cross-linking
      can be readily detected after velocity gradient centrifugation. The in vitro
      reconstructed ribonucleoprotein complexes are seen only with p12 proteins
      incubated with viral RNAs isolated from the same type C viruses; no such
      complexes form with heterologous protein-RNA mixtures. Homologous but not
      heterologous p12 molecules compete with radiolabeled p12 protein for the specific
      viral RNA binding sites. The competition assay permits the detection of 10 ng of
      viral p12 protein. The major internal protein of type C viruses (p30) does not
      bind to viral RNA using identical assay conditions. From the specific activities
      of the radiolabeled components and also by equilibrium sedimentation analysis, we
      estimate that fewer than 15 molecules of p12 protein bind to each molecule of
      viral RNA. Both the specificity and stoichiometry of the p12-RNA interactions
      suggest that these RNA tumor virus proteins have a regulatory role in cells.

PMID- 181139
TI  - Accumulation of cystine auxotrophic thymocytes accompanying type C viral
      leukemogenesis in the mouse.
AB  - Certain continuous lymphoid and myeloid tumor cell lines of rodent origin are
      unable to grow in tissue culture in the absence of pre-formed L-cystine (CYS). In
      contrast, three NZB murine lymphoid cell lines obtained from NZB mice free of
      hematopoietic neoplasm can grow as well in cystine-deficient media containing L
      cystathionine (CSN), the immediate precursor of CYS in the biosynthetic pathway,
      as in cystine sufficient medium. The former class of cells is, therefore, CYS
      auxotrophs (CYS-) and the latter CYS prototrophs (CYS+). Compared to CYS+ cells,
      the CYS- lines appear to be relatively deficient in the enzyme cystathionase,
      which catalyzes the cleavage of CSN to CYS and alpha-ketobutyrate. Using protein
      synthetic capacity as a criterion, normal thymocytes from mixed-bred Swiss mice
      behave like CYS prototrophs, while those from littermates bearing Moloney type C
      virus-induced thymic tumors behave like CYS auxotrophs. The former are also
      characterized by substantially higher levels of cystathionase than the latter.
      Extracts of thymocytes from tumor-free AKR mouse thymus are also characterized by
      higher levels of cystathionase activity than extracts of spontaneous AKR
      thymomas. Exogenous in vitro type C virus infection of a CYS+ cell results in
      vigorous virus production but no concomitant reduction in cystathionase activity.
      Thus viral replication alone in any random lymphoid cell is not sufficient to
      alter the enzyme level. The data therefore suggests that CYS auxotrophy may
      closely accompany neoplastic transformation of certain hematopoietic cells in
      vivo, including that induced by certain "thymic" type C viruses.

PMID- 181140
TI  - Release of low density lipoprotein from its cell surface receptor by sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans.
AB  - The sulfated glycosaminoglycan, heparin, was found to release 125I-labeled low
      density lipoprotein (125I-LDL) from its receptor site on the surface of normal
      human fibroblasts. Measurement of the amount of 125I-LDL released by heparin
      permitted the resolution of the total cellular uptake of 125I-LDL at 37 degrees C
      into two components: first, an initial rapid, high affinity binding of the
      lipoprotein to the surface receptor, from which the 125I-LDL could be released by
      heparin, and second, a slower process attributable to an endocytosis of the
      receptor-bound lipoprotein, which rendered it resistant to heparin release. At 4
      degrees C the amount of heparin-releasable 125I-LDL was similar to that at 37
      degrees C, but interiorization of the lipoprotein did not occur at the lower
      temperature. The physiologic importance of the cell surface LDL receptor was
      emphasized by the finding that mutant fibroblasts from a subject with homozygous
      Familial Hypercholesterolemia, which lack the ability to take up 125I-LDL at 37
      degrees C, did not show cell surface binding of 125I-LDL, as measured by heparin
      release, at either 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Although heparin released 125I
      LDL from its binding site, it did not release 3H-concanavalin A from its surface
      receptor, and conversely, alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside, which released 3H
      concanavalin A, did not release surface-bound 125I-LDL. When added to the culture
      medium simultaneously with LDL, heparin prevented the binding of LDL to its
      receptor and hence prevented the LDL-mediated suppression of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity. The uptake of LDL by fibroblasts is
      proposed as a model of receptor-mediated adsorptive endocytosis of macromolecules
      in human cells.

PMID- 181141
TI  - Major regulatory genes for mammalian sexual development.

PMID- 181142
TI  - Propagation of a segment of bacteriophage lamda-DNA in monkey cells after
      covalent linkage to a defective simian virus 40 genome.
AB  - A 520 base pair DNA segment was excised from the bacteriophage lamda-genome by
      cleavage with the bacterial restriction endonuclease, endo R. Hindll. This
      segment was covalently joined in vitro to an 880 base pair simian virus 40 (SV40)
      DNA segment which contains the initation site for SV40 DNA replication. The
      latter segment was derived from the genome of a defective reiteration mutant of
      SV40 also by endo R. Hindlll cleavage. When the recombinant molecule, together
      with wild-type SV40 DNA as helper, was introduced into monkey cells by DNA
      infection, replication of the lamda-DNA sequences was observed, and hybrid
      genomes were encapsidated into progeny SV40 virions. The structure of the lamda
      DNA segment after serial passage in monkey cells was examined by use of
      restriction endonucleases and electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis.

PMID- 181143
TI  - Topography of polyoma virus messenger RNA molecules.
AB  - The different species of polyoma virus-spedific RNA molecules present in the
      cytoplasm of 3T6 cells 30 hr after viral infection have been characterized by
      molecular hybridization between nonradioactive polyadenlated RNA, fractionated by
      sedimentation through sucrose-formamide density gradients, and the 32P-labeled
      separated strands of restriction endonuclease fragments of polyoma DNA. Two
      relatively abundant RNA molecules, sedimenting at 16S and at 19S, transcribed
      from the L strand of the viral DNA, as well as a minor 20S species transcribed
      from the E strand of the DNA, were detected. The most abundant viral transcript,
      the 16S RNA molecule, was estimated to be complementary to the 22% of the L
      strand DNA extending from 47 to 25 map units. The less abundant 19S L DNA strand
      transcript included all the sequences present in the 16S RNA and mapped between
      68 and 25 map units. The minor 20S RNA molecule was tentatively identified as a
      transcript of the E-strand DNA from the entire early region of the polyoma
      genome. These three viral RNA molecules together exhaust greater than 95% of the
      coding capacity of the viral DNA. A small region of the DNA (4-5%), including the
      origin of DNA replication, does not appear to determine sequences present among
      the major stable species of vital mRNA.

PMID- 181144
TI  - Phenotypic mixing between N- and B-tropic murine leukemia viruses: infectious
      particles with dual sensitivity to Fv-1 restriction.
AB  - In effort to understand how N or B tropism is determined in murine leukemia virus
      (MuLV) particles, we analyzed the MuLV produced after dual infection of mouse
      cells by N- and B-tropic MuLV. The progeny MuLV from such a mixed infection are
      sensitive to Fv-1 restriction in both N- and B-type cells, but are still highly
      infectious for mouse cells which do not exhibit Fv-1 restriction. This dual
      sensitivity to Fv-1 restriction is a phenotypic property of MuLV produced by
      mixedly infected cells, since individual virus clones derived from this MuLV are
      either N- or B-tropic. In further experiments, we superinfected murine sarcoma
      virus (MSV)-transformed cells with mixtures of N- and B-tropic MuLVs. The rescued
      MSV is restricted in its ability to transforms both N- and B-type cells. The
      results suggest that N- and B-tropic MuLVs specify different determinants, which
      are incorporated into virions along with the viral genome and which are the
      recognition sites for Fv-1 restriction. The presence of a given determinant in a
      virion renders the virus sensitive to restriction in cells of the opposite Fv-1
      type.

PMID- 181145
TI  - The construction of viable nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrid cells by nuclear
      transplantation.
AB  - Using the mouse L-cell line as a model system, a generalized approach is
      presented for nuclear transplantation in cultured cells resulting in the
      construction of cytoplasmic-nuclear hybrid cells. Techniques were developed for
      the preparation of cytoplast and karyoplasts having minimum contamination by
      parent whole cells. Sendai virusmediated fusion was performed in a manner which
      maximized the formation of the desired fusion products-cells having one cell
      equivalent of cytoplasm from one parent and a nucleus from a second parent. The
      viability of the fusion products was established by examination of photographic
      records of the developing cultures. Using these techniques, we found that nuclei
      could be introduced routinely into 10-30% of a cytoplast culture. From
      determinations of the increase in cell number with time, it was estimated that at
      least 30% of the reconstructed cells were capable of division. The approach was
      next applied to the formation of hybrid cells from L-cell cytoplasts and A9 cell
      karyoplasts. The A9 cell line is an azaguanine-resistant derivative of L cells.
      Thus any whole cells remaining in the culture of fused cells were readily
      eliminated by treatment with the purine analogue. The culture of remaining
      cytoplasmic-nuclear hybrid cells grew to confluence in the presence of
      azaguanine. The applicability of the approach to the construction of hybrid cells
      using parent lines from different organisms is briefly discussed.

PMID- 181146
TI  - Quantitation of elongating form A and B RNA polymerases in chick oviduct nuclei
      and effects of estradiol.
AB  - The number of elongating form A and B RNA polymerases in chick oviduct nuclei was
      estimated by measuring incorportaion of 3H-UTP into 3' termini of nascent RNA
      chains in the presence of heparin to inhibit initiation, and quantitation labeled
      uridine released from these termini after alkaline hydrolysis. The method
      corrects for conversion of UMP to uridine (U) during manipulations and for
      production of 3' termini by ribonucleases and phosphatases. The results indicate
      that a large fraction of RNA polymerases elongating in vivo is retained in
      isolated nuclei: per diploid genome, approximately 1 x104 form B and 2 x103 form
      A enzymes are present. These levels are sufficient to maintain normal in vivo
      rates of mRNA and rRNA synthesis, but the average density of packing of
      polymerases on DNA is considerably less than the maximum density predicted by
      Miller and Bakken (1972), suggesting that initiation of polymerases of DNA is a
      limiting factor in the control of transcription. Rates of elongation of
      polymerases in vitro are severely impaired, indicative of a loss of elongation
      factors during nuclear isolation. After 6 hr of estradiol treatment in vivo, the
      level of form A enzymes in ovoduct nuclei increases to 5 x 103; little change in
      the number of form B enzymes is seen.

PMID- 181147
TI  - Regulation of immune responses. II. The cellular basis of cyclic AMP effects on
      humoral immunity.

PMID- 181148
TI  - The identification and significance of hypoxanthine in dialyzable transfer
      factor.

PMID- 181149
TI  - In vitro anamnestic antibody response: differential cellular and calcium
      requirements for induction by antigen and regulation by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 181150
TI  - Progressive loss in vitro immune response with tumor growth.

PMID- 181151
TI  - [Theory of epileptogenesis and theory of the effect of antiepileptics].

PMID- 181152
TI  - Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

PMID- 181153
TI  - Inversion of the uterus associated with a mesodermal mixed tumour in a young
      female.

PMID- 181154
TI  - [Darier's and Jacquet's eruptive hidradenoma (presentation of 2 cases)].

PMID- 181155
TI  - [Edematous exophthalmus and hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis].

PMID- 181156
TI  - [Lysis of Rous sarcoma virus in the presence of anti-chicken fibroblast serum and
      complement].
AB  - Rous sarcoma virus produced by Chick embryo fibroblasts is inactivated by an
      antiserum prepared against uninfected fibroblasts in the presence, but not in the
      absence, of complement. This inactivation which demonstrates the presence of one
      or more antigens of the surface of the producer cell on the viral envelope, is
      due to virolysis. This is demonstrated by the release of the viral internal
      proteins and by the fact that the viral RNA becomes entirely degradable by RNase.

PMID- 181157
TI  - [Induction of endogenous C-type virus by 5-iododeoxyuridine and augmentation of
      this induction by polycyclic hydrocarbons].
AB  - When the MLg Mouse cells were treated with the chemical carcinogens, in the
      presence of microsomal enzymes and NADPH2 after 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR)
      treatment, the induction frequency of the endogenous C-type virus was increased
      by nearly 10-fold in comparison with the cultures treated with IUdR only. In the
      preliminary screening of several polycyclic hydrocarbons including carcinogenic
      and non-carcinogenic products, apparently there was no correlation between the
      carcinogenecity in vivo and the stimulation capacity of IUdR induced C-type virus
      activation in our test conditions.

PMID- 181158
TI  - [Prospective epidemiologic studies and the nature of the association between
      Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL)].
AB  - The prospective study carried out by the International Agency for Research on
      Cancer on the relationships between E.B.V. infection and Burkitt's Lymphoma
      development as well as their partial malaria chemoprophylaxy proposals, are
      discussed as an example of studying the role of a virus and of co-factors in one
      human cancer.

PMID- 181159
TI  - [Absence of relationship between erythrocyte and viral antigen expressed on the
      surface of chick erythrocytes].
AB  - Anti-gs antisera were tested on embryo and adult Chick erythrocytes. Specific
      immunsera directed against Chick embryo or adult erythrocyte antigens have been
      tested on Hamster cell lines infected with the Rous virus. Results demonstrate
      that the erythrocyte and viral antigens are different.

PMID- 181160
TI  - [Increased transmission at electronic synapses and paroxysmal depolarization
      induced by cardiazol in the Mauthner cell].
AB  - Cardiazol induces in the Mauthner cell the paroxysmal depolarizing shifts which
      are characteristic of epilepsia at the neuronal level. The period of
      depolarizations is preceded and, later, accompanied by an increased transmission
      at the electrotonic synapses which are established upon this neuron by primary
      afferent vestibular fibers. Increased excitability of the chemical synapses
      occurs subsequently.

PMID- 181161
TI  - [Phosphorylase activity of human placenta perfused in vitro: effect of
      gonadotropins, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and prostaglandins].
AB  - The gonadotropic hormones stimulate the glycogen phosphorylase activity of human
      full-term placenta perfused in vitro. This effect is reproduced by dibutyryl cAMP
      and PG F2alpha and accompanied by an increased glucose liberation in the
      perfusion fluid.

PMID- 181162
TI  - Modification by prostaglandins E1 and E2, indomethacin, and arachidonic acid of
      the vasoconstrictor responses of the isolated perfused rabbit and rat mesenteric
      arteries to adrenergic stimuli.
AB  - In isolated perfused rabbit mesenteric arteries, prostaglandin (PG) E1 and E2, 1
      5NG/ML, did not alter the basal perfusion pressure, but reduced the
      vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation; the responses to
      injected norepinephrine were reduced by PGE1 and variably affected by PGE2. In
      contrast, in rat mesenteric arteries PGE1 and PGE2, 1-5 ng/ml, potentiated the
      vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation and to injected norepinephrine. In
      rabbit mesenteric arteries, the inhibitor of PG synthesis, indomethacin,
      augmented the responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and to injected
      norepinephrine, whereas in rat mesenteric arteries indomethacin inhibited the
      responses to both adrenergic stimuli. Arachidonic acid, a PG precursor, reduced
      the vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and to injected
      norepinephrine in rabbit, whereas in rat, potentiation of the responses to
      adrenergic stimuli occurred. Since these effects of arachidonic acid were
      abolished by the simultaneous infusion of indomethacin, they appear to be
      mediated through conversion of arachidonic acid to PG. We conclude that
      prostaglandins modulate adrenergic transmission in mesenteric arteries and this
      effect is species dependent.

PMID- 181163
TI  - Influence of 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine on adrenergic transmission and nerve
      terminal morphology in the canine pulmonary vascular bed.
AB  - We studied the effects of 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine on adrenergic
      neurotransmission, fluorescence histochemistry, and nerve terminal ultrastructure
      in the canine pulmonary vascular bed. Fluorescence histochemistry on stretched
      preparations and sections of intrapulmonary artery and vein demonstrated that
      these vessels are well supplied with adrenergic nerves electron microscopy
      revealed adrenergic terminals in the adventitia and outer third of the media in
      the artery, but only in the adventitia in the vein. Adrenergic terminals in
      artery and vein contained many small and a few large dense-core vesicles. At
      least 20% of the terminals in the artery contained many small agranular vesicles
      and a few large opaque vesicles; this suggests that they were of the cholinergic
      type; Such terminals were not found in intrapulmonary veins. Under conditions of
      controlled blood flow, stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the lung and
      intralobar injection of norepinephrine increased pressure in the perfused lobar
      artery and small intrapulmonary vein in a stimulus-related manner. The rise in
      pressure in the lobar artery and vein in response to nerve stimulation was
      blocked after administration of either 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine; Neither agent
      modified the response of the pulmonary vascular bed to norepinephrine; In
      contrast, the rise in pressure in the lobar artery and vein in response to both
      norepinephrine and to nerve stimulation was blocked by phenoxybenzamine, an alpha
      receptor blocking agent. The attenuated neurogenic vasoconstrictor response in
      dogs treated with 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine was associated with a marked decrease
      in intensity of fluorescence of the abundant adrenergic innervation in both
      intrapulmonary artery and vein, and with the appearance of an osmiophilic
      material in dense-core vesicles of adrenergic terminals in artery and vein. We
      believe that these data suggest that 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine interfere with
      adrenergic transmission in intrapulmonary vessels by depleting norepinephrine
      from adrenergic terminals. Furthermore, we conclude from hemodynamic,
      histochemical, and ultrastructural studies that vasomotor tone in the pulmonary
      vascular bed can be regulated by the sympathetic nervous system.

PMID- 181164
TI  - Myocardial tissue recruitment in the dog as determined by double tracer dilution
      method.
AB  - The amount of tissue perfused, as determined from the difference in volume of
      distribution between a diffusible indicator (125I-antipyrine) and an
      intravascular indicator (131 I-albumin) was measured at different values of
      coronary flow, perfusion pressure, and vasomotor tone in the working left
      ventricle of an open-chest dog. Coronary pressure and flow were regulated
      independently from the systemic circulation and coronary vasomotor tone was
      reduced by dipyridamole. At each flow vasomotor tone was assessed by using as a
      reference the maximal vasodilation induced by arrest of flow. Measured tissue
      space was considered to be related to the capillary surface area available for
      tracer diffusion and therefore to the number of perfused capillaries per volume
      of muscle. A relationship between coronary blood flow and tissue volume was
      observed. It was found to be independent of vasomotor tone. Vasodilation was
      found to increase available exchanging capillary surface at a constant perfusion
      pressure.

PMID- 181165
TI  - An echocardiographic study of interventricular septal motion in the Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome.
AB  - Echocardiographic studies of interventricular septal motion were performed in 26
      consecutive patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and in ten
      normal subjects. All patients with types A or B pre-excitation were subclassified
      into groups I to IV on the basis of their electrocardiogram utilizing the method
      of Boineau and associates. In all 14 patients with type A (Group III or IV) pre
      excitation, the motion of the interventricular septum and posterior left
      ventricular wall motion were normal. However, in 11 patients with type B (Group
      I) WPW an abnormal septal movement was noted. This was characterized in ten
      patients by an early systolic posterior motion, a subsequent anterior movement in
      mid systole, and the usual posterior septal motion beginning in late systole. In
      eight patients, including the one without early systolic posterior movement of
      the septum, the late systolic posterior movement was interrupted by a prominent
      septal notch. On e patient with type B (Group II) WPW was studied and exhibited
      normal septal and posterior wall motion. In one patient with a spontaneous change
      in the QRS complex from normal to a type B (Group I) WPW pattern, the septal
      motion was initially normal and abruptly changed following the first WPW beat.
      The onset of abnormal interventricular septal motion with type B pre-excitation
      QRS complexes strongly suggests that abnormal septal movement may be related to
      an altered sequence of ventricular depolarization during right ventricular pre
      excitation.

PMID- 181166
TI  - Correlation of pathologic Q waves on the standard electrocardiogram and the
      epicardial electrogram of the human heart.
AB  - To evaluate the relationship between abnormal Q waves on the standard ECG and
      localized ventricular excitation, unipolar epicardial electrograms were recorded
      over the left ventricle during aortocoronary bypass surgery in 36 patients. Of 20
      without standard ECG Q waves, six had abnormal epicardial Q waves, three
      anterioly and three inferiorly. Of 16 patients with standard ECG Q waves, four
      had both precordial and anterior epicardial Q waves while seven had Q waves in
      leads III and aVF and inferior epicardial Q waves. Three of the 14 had Q waves in
      both precordial and inferior leads of the ECG but epicardial Q waves only from
      the antero-apical region in two and only from the inferior wall in one. Two
      patients with Q waves in both III and aVF had no epicardial Q waves. Thus, the
      standard electocardiogram underestimates epicardial Q waves. If Q waves are
      present in the standard ECG, they correlate with the presence, although not
      invariably the location of Q waves on the epicardial electrogram.

PMID- 181167
TI  - The His-Purkinje electrocardiogram in man: an initial assessment of its uses and
      limitations.
AB  - A methodology is described for noninvasive recording of the electrical activity
      generated by the His-Purkinje system of man utilizing filtering, high
      amplification, and signal averaging. A waveform ranging between 1 and 10mu V was
      observed during the P-R segment. In many individuals, there was temporal overlap
      between the terminal P wave and the initial portion of the His-Purkinje waveform.
      In ten patients with long P-R intervals there was a strong correlation (r greater
      than 0.95) between the H-V time measured by electrode catheter and the duration
      of the His-Purkinje waveform. In two patients with atrial fibrillation the
      resultant His-Purkinje waveform was similar in morphology and duration to those
      observed in the ten patients. In each group H-V time was determined noninvasively
      and a waveform associated with electrical activation of the major portions of the
      His-Purkinje system was obtained.

PMID- 181168
TI  - Electrophysiological studies in patients with chronic recurrent ventricular
      tachycardia.
AB  - Seventeen consecutive patients with chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardia
      (VT) were studied in an attempt to delineate the reproducibility and mechanism of
      this arrhythmia. Six patients had nonsustained and 11 had sustained VT. The
      following electrophysiological techniques were utilized in an attempt to
      reproduce VT: 1) rapid atrial and ventricular pacing (17 pts); 2) atrial
      extrastimulus technique (17 pts); 3) ventricular extrastimulus technique (17
      pts); 4) V1V2V3 stimulation technique (5 pts); 5) ventricular pacing from two or
      more sites (5 pts). Ventricular tachycardia was induced in six of 11 (54%)
      patients with sustained VT. However, in four there was only a single induction
      and only in the remaining two patients could VT be repetitively induced. In the
      latter two patients ventricular tachycardia was induced with both atrial and
      ventricular stimulation. Ventricular tachycardia could not be induced in any
      patient with nonsustained VT, although three had spontaneous episodes of
      ventricular tachycardia during study. In conclusion, in the present series of
      patients with chronic recurrent VT, this rhythm could not be reproducibly induced
      in the majority of patients in the cardiac catheterization laboratory utilizing
      catheter stimulation techniques.

PMID- 181169
TI  - Observations on mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia in man.
AB  - Fifty patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia were studied by
      endocavitary recordings and programmed electrical stimulation. Of 29 patients in
      whom tachycardia could be initiated, 18 had chronic coronary artery disease and
      eight had no detectable heart disease. Of 35 patients in whom the tachycardia
      could be terminated by premature ventricular stimuli, 21 had chronic coronary
      artery disease and eight had no detectable heart disease. Initiation of
      tachycardia was facilitated in 18 of 21 patients by pacing the ventricle at the
      slowest possible pacing rate. An inverse relation was found between the
      prematurity of the tachycardia-initiating premature beat and the interval between
      the premature beat and the first beat of tachycardia, a finding suggestive of a
      re-entry mechanism. The role of the specific conduction system in initiation and
      during tachycardia remains unknown. Stimulation site was found to affect
      initiation and termination of tachycardia and width of tachycardia zone.

PMID- 181170
TI  - Body-surface maps of heart potentials: tentative localization of pre-excited
      areas in forty-two Wolff-Parkinson-White patients.
AB  - Heart potentials were recorded from the entire chest surface in 42 patients
      suffering from Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. We were able to identify six types
      of surface maps, according to the location of the potential maximum and minimum
      during the delta wave. For each of these types we suggested the most likely
      location of the pre-excited region around the A-V rings (types 1 to 5) or in the
      interventricular septum (type 6). In 13 patients belonging to Types 1, 2, 3, 5
      and 6 our hypotheses were in agreement with intracardiac recordings, epicardial
      maps or surgical results obtained by others. Isopotential surface maps provide
      more information on the location of the pre-excited area than conventional ECGs,
      particularly when these exhibit intermediate features between Types A and B.

PMID- 181171
TI  - Serum lipoprotein profile in children from a biracial community: the Bogalusa
      Heart Study.
AB  - Serum lipoprotein profiles in 3182 children, ages 5-14 years, were studied in a
      biracial community as part of the Bogalusa Heart Study to describe the early
      natural history of atherosclerosis. White and black children showed similar mean
      levels of beta-lipoproteins. Pre-beta-lipoprotein levels, however, were
      significantly higher in white shildren, while significantly higher levels of
      alpha-lipoprotein were found in black children. Girls had generally higher levels
      of beta- and pre-beta-lipoprotein and lower levels of alpha-lipoprotein than
      boys, although the differences were not significant at each age group. With age
      there was little change in alpha-lipoprotein levels, a significant increase in
      pre-beta-lipoprotein levels and a slight but significant decrease between 11 and
      14 years in beta-lipoprotein levels. The correlation of alpha-lipoprotein was
      negative with beta-lipoprotein and, to a greater extent, with pre-beta
      lipoprotein. The above inverse relationships were significantly greater in white
      children than in black children, suggesting differences in lipoprotein profiles
      in the two groups. Lipoprotein values from a total community study are now
      available for comparison with the currently recommended upper normal limits for
      lipoproteins. Since only a very small percentage of children could be considered
      as hyperlipoproteinemic by those specific levels in this community, we suggest
      that distributions and percentiles be used to evaluate children for
      hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 181172
TI  - Cardioversion and "false positive" technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate
      myocardial scintigrams.
AB  - The present studies performed in experimental animals demonstrate that electrical
      direct current cardioversion can produce skeletal muscle damage and increased
      technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) uptake; in experimental animals
      the electrically damaged skeletal muscle shows necrosis with extensive calcium
      deposition. In addition, the frequent administration of high energy cardioversion
      produces myocardial necrosis with calcium deposition, increased 99mTc-PYP
      myocardial uptake and a positive 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigram. The data
      indicate that, if diagnostic 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigraphy is contemplated
      after cardioversion, paddle placement should be slightly removed from the
      anteroposterior projection of the heart on the external chest wall to avoid
      possible subsequent confusion between increased myocardial and skeletal muscle
      uptake of 99mTc-PYP. If multiple high energy cardioversion episodes are
      necessary, myocardial necrosis resulting from electrical injury may occur and be
      responisble for increased myocardial uptake of 99mTc-PYP with a resultant
      positive 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigram.

PMID- 181173
TI  - Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: is the atrium a necessary link?
AB  - Whether or not the atrium plays an essential role in initiating and/or sustaining
      atrioventricular (A-V) nodal re-entrant tachycardia was evaluated in eight
      patients. In all eight patients, the atrium could be rendered refractory to
      retrograde atrial echoes during the tachycardia without interrupting the
      arrhythmia. This was accomplished by introducing atrial premature depolarizations
      prior to the time the atrium would normally be retrogradely depolarized by atrial
      echoes. In one patient, two atrial premature depolarizations could be introduced,
      producing A-V dissociation, without terminating  the tachycardia. In another
      patient, the tachycardia could be initiated without an atrial echo. Our data
      suggest that most, if not all of the atrium is unnecessary for the initiation and
      maintenance of A-V nodal re-entrant supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 181174
TI  - Analysis of surgically-induced right bundle branch block pattern using
      intracardiac recording techniques.
AB  - Using intracardiac recording techniques, His bundle (H) and right ventricular
      apical (RVA) electrograms were recorded in 16 patients with a postoperative
      electrocardiographic pattern of right bundle branch block (RBBB). Their ages
      ranged from 5 to 12 years (mean 6.9 years) at surgery and the follow-up period
      was 1 to 7 years (mean 2.7 years). All were asymptomatic and in sinus rhythm at
      the time of study. The P-A interval was normal in all and the A-H, H-V, and V-RVA
      intervals were prolonged in one, one, and six patients, respectively. The V-RNA
      interval was normal (less than or equal to 30 msec) in ten out of the 11 patients
      (91%) without associated left anterior hemiblock (LAH), indicating a
      physiologically intact main right bundle branch, and was abnormally lengthened
      (45-62 msec) in all five patients (100%) with associated LAH. These findings
      suggest that there are two subgroups of patients with surgicall-induced RBBB
      pattern and the measurement of the V-RVA interval in conjunction with the H-V
      interval may be of ultimate importance in understanding the long-term prognostic
      implication of surgically-induced RBBB pattern with or without LAH.

PMID- 181175
TI  - Earlier onset of QRS in anterior precordial ECG leads: precision of time interval
      measurements.
AB  - Onset of QRS was compared between simultaneously recorded conventional ECG leads
      in 84 subjects with clinically normal hearts from a defined population sample.
      Mean onset of QRS was 6.4 msec earlier in lead V1 and 7.4 msec earlier in V2 than
      in lead II. These differences were statistically significant. The measuring
      system was adapted from drafting techniques and took into account variations in
      paper speed which occurred during recording. Interobserver differences equivalent
      to greater than 1 msec occurred in 3.9% of timeline measurements, but in in 38%
      of QRS onset measurements. The lower precision in measuring QRS onset may be
      attributed to baseline oscillations and to the relatively slow rate of voltage
      change at the onset of ventricular depolarization.

PMID- 181176
TI  - Treatment of a case of allergic asthma with a synthetic human ACTH preparation.
AB  - The following case history documents the first patient treated with synthetic
      human ACTH. It was prescribed for an asthmatic child because of suspected allergy
      to both porcine ACTH and tetracosactrin. It proved both effective clinically and
      free of any adverse effects.

PMID- 181177
TI  - An unusual, well circumscribed breast tumor.

PMID- 181178
TI  - Purification and analysis of the purity of NADH.
AB  - We developed an analytical reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic
      procedure for rapid assessment of the purity of NADH. The method completely
      separates adenosine monophosphate and adenosine diphosphoribose from NADH. By use
      of this analytical technique we found that preparative chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose gives NADH that is free from adenine nucleotides as well as other
      impurities that commonly are present in NADH. The absorbance ratio at 260 and 340
      nm of the purified NADH in 1.8 mmol/liter ammonium carbonate is 2.261 +/- 0.002
      (+/- 1 SD).

PMID- 181179
TI  - Structure of some aliphatic dicarboxylic acids found in the urine of an infant
      with congenital lactic acidosis.
AB  - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify a series of acids in
      urine and serum from a child who died 26 h after birth in severe metabolic
      acidosis with high lactate excretion. cis-5-Decene-1, 10-dioic acid and cis-5
      dodencene-1, 12-dioic acid were synthesized and used as references. The following
      acids were found: hexane-1,6-dioic acid, octane-1,8-dioic acid, decane-1,10-dioic
      acid, dodecane-1,12-dioic acid, cis-5-decene-1,10-dioic acid, cis-5-dodecen-1,12
      dioic acid, cis-5-tetradecene-1,14-dioic acid, trans-3-decene-1,10-dioic acid,
      and trans-3-dodecene-1,12-dioic acid. The concentration of C6 to C14 acids in the
      patient's urine was 3.7 mol/mol of creatinine; it was less than 0.2 mol/mol of
      creatinine in eight normal newborns and approximately 0.1 mol/mol of creatinine
      in a case of fructose-1,6-biphosphatase deficiency with lactic acidosis. 5-cis
      Dodecenedioic acid was present in highest concentration: 1 mol/mol of creatinine
      in urine and 61 mumol/liter in serum. We propose that impaired beta-oxidation,
      probably at the acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase step, resulted in the formation of the
      observed acids. The parents were consanguineous, and a sibling died with the same
      clinical picture, which suggests a genetic defect.

PMID- 181180
TI  - Correlation between estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in
      normal and carcinomatous human breast tissue.
AB  - We determined estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in cytosols
      prepared from 189 human breast carcinoma tissues, 85 benign or normal breast
      biopsies, and 101 tissue specimens metastatic from breast carcinoma.
      Carcinoembryonic antigen was observed in 70% of the primary carcinomatous
      tissues, 15% of the benign or normal specimens, and 51% of the metastases. Ninety
      six of the 189 primary carcinomatous specimens with increased concentrations of
      carcinoembryonic antigen were also positive for estrogen receptor protein,
      whereas 67 of the 72 benign or normal biopsies with low concentrations of
      carcinoembryonic antigen were also negative for estrogen receptor protein. All
      five fenign specimens with positive estrogen receptor protein and normal
      carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations were from fibroadenomas. The concordance
      between estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in the primary
      carcinomatous tissue was 66%, in metastatic carcinoma 51%, and in benign and
      normal tissue 85%.

PMID- 181181
TI  - End-point parameter adjustment on a small desk-top programmable calculator for
      logit-log analysis of radioimmunoassay data.
AB  - We describe an improved method of logit-log curve fitting, by adjusting end-point
      parameters in radioimmunoassay studies, for use with a small desk-top
      programmable calculator. Straight logit-log analyses are often deficient because
      of their high sensitivity to small errors in the end-point parametes B0 and NSB
      (the actual measured activity in the tubes). The literature suggests techniques
      for adjusting these end-point parameters, but they require too much computing
      time and programming space to be used with a desk-top programmable calculator.
      The extension to the logit-log model presented here is easily handled by the
      programmable calculator and provides a good estimate of the change required in B0
      and NSB to obtain a better fit. The program requires 1.5 min to run on our desk
      top programmable calculator, and has resulted in improved data analysis for all
      of the 11 types of radioimmunoassay studied.

PMID- 181182
TI  - Unsuitability of porcelain crucibles for dry ashing of biological tissues for
      calcium analysis.
AB  - At temperatures required for complete release of calcium from beef liver by dry
      ashing, porcelain crucibles release significant amounts of calcium into the ash,
      which leads to erroneously high calcium values in the samples. Heated, empty
      porcelain crucibles do not show released calcium. Both fused silica and platinum
      crucibles fail to show any significant interaction with the sample. Samples dry
      ashed in fused silica crucibles were compared to samples subjected to the hot
      trichloracetic acid-acetic acid extraction method, which gave results not
      significantly different if the tissue was first minced. However, calcium was
      incompletely extracted by the hot acid from whole segments of liver weighing
      about 0.2 g.

PMID- 181183
TI  - Primary hyperlipoproteinemia in xanthomatosis.
AB  - Blood lipid values, clinical data and effects of therapy are reported on 74
      patients with hyperlipidemia and xanthomatosis. A natural subdivision into two
      groups was observed on the basis of low density lipoprotein lipid values: one
      corresponding to Frederickson's type II, characterized by elevated low density
      lipoproteins, tendinous xanthomata, absence of eruptive xanthomata and a high
      incidence of cardiovascular diseases and the other resembling Frederickson's type
      III, with elevated very low density lipoproteins, eruptive xanthomata, xanthomata
      striata palmaria, elevated cholesterol/triglyceride ratios in the very low
      density lipoproteins and irregular appearance of floating beta lipoproteins. The
      latter group consisted of 32 patients in whom cardiovascular symptoms were
      relatively rare, despite mean cholesterol levels of 500 mg/dl.

PMID- 181184
TI  - Lack of cytochalasin E-induced superoxide release by polymorphonuclear leucocytes
      of patients with chronic granulomatous disease: a new diagnostic test.
AB  - Reduction of exogenous cytochrome c was induced by the treatment of human
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes with cytochalasin E. The reduction was completely
      inhibited by superoxide, dismutase, indicating that superoxide anions were
      released from the cells. The leucocytes from two patients with chronic
      granulomatous disease did not show the release reaction that should have been
      brought on by the treatment. The cytochalasin-induced reduction of exogenous
      cytochrome c by polymorphonuclear leucocytes is so specific and sensitive that it
      seems to be useful for diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.

PMID- 181185
TI  - Maternal immunoglobulins and parainfluenza 3 virus inhibitors in the nasal and
      lachrymal secretions and serum of newborn lambs.
AB  - Concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA were measured in the serum, nasal secretions
      and lachrymal secretions of suckled newborn lambs. The major immunoglobulin
      constituent of precolostral serum was IgM. Maternal immunoglobulins, of which IgG
      was predominant, reached peak values on day 1 of life and then declined over the
      next 3 weeks. Half lives were calculated as: IgG, 13-7 days; IgM, 4-1 days; and
      IgA 1-8 days. No immunoglobulin was detectable in nasal or lachrymal secretions
      prior to sucking but IgG was present in all samples of these secretions obtained
      approximately 24 hr after first sucking. IgG was present in nasal washings from
      suckled lambs, reared either naturally or on immunoglobulin-free milk substitute
      and levels declined as the lambs grew older. IgM and IgA did not appear
      consistently in the secretions until lambs were 2-3 weeks old. It was concluded,
      therefore, that colostral IgG reaches the nasal and lachrymal secretions of the
      newborn lamb. However, because the ewes in this experiment had only low serum
      titres, no maternal antibody to parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3) was detected in the
      nasal secretions of the lambs, although non-specific inhibitors were present. It
      is suggested, however, that low levels of maternal antibody in the secretions may
      play a valuable role in preventing respiratory virus infections of young
      ruminants before active local production of IgA and IgM begins at 2 to 3 weeks of
      age.

PMID- 181186
TI  - The stimulation of lymphocytes by chondrocytes in mixed cultures.
AB  - The stimulation of lymphocytes by allogeneic and syngeneic cells other than
      lymphocytes has been shown to result in poor or no stimulation. We have been able
      to demonstrate that lymphocytes and chondrocytes mixed in culture both
      allogeneically and syngeneically has resulted in siginificant lymphocyte
      stimulation. The inference from this data suggest the presence of
      histocompatibility antigen as well as tissue-specific antigen on the surface of
      chondrocytes.

PMID- 181187
TI  - Transmission of auto-immune haemolytic anaemia and murine leukaemia virus in NZB
      BALB/c hybrid mice.
AB  - When mated to normal BALB/c partners, male and female NZB mice transmitted auto
      immune haemolytic anaemia to three generations of their hybrid progeny. Red cell
      auto-antibodies (positive Coombs tests) were detected, on average, 11 months
      later in the F1 hybrids than in the parental strain, and the course of the
      disease was protracted. In explicably, the auto-immune reactions then appeared
      progressively earlier in successive generations of both croses. The Coombs
      reactions of the F1 and F2 hybrids were often weak and inconsistent, while those
      of F3 offspring showed the strong and stable picture typical of NZB mice. The
      incidence of auto-immune disease in each generation, although similar in the
      reciprocal crosses, indicated that the pattern of inheritance was very complex.
      The hybrids did not develop the lymphoid type B reticulum cell neoplasia which
      characterizes auto-immune NZB mice. Instead, and irrespective of Coombs status,
      they had lymphocytic leukaemias, lung adenomas, hepatomas and type A reticulum
      cell neoplasms of the liver. Murine leukaemia virus was identified
      electronmicroscopically in F1 embryos, and in all the adults examined. It was
      also isolated from leukaemic spleen cells passaged briefly in vivo, and from
      malignant hepatic (reticulum) cells maintained in vitro. These isolated were
      leukaemogenic in newborn BALB/c, NZB, and F1 hybrid recipients, but did not
      induce or accelerate positive Coombs reactions. Only a small proportion of the
      hybrids had significant glomerulonephritis, and overt kidney disease was minimal.
      The lesions were not confined to Coombs-positive mice. Possible links between
      auto-immunity, malignancy, and virus infection in NZB mice are discussed in the
      light of these results.

PMID- 181188
TI  - Properties of blast cells in 'control' cultures of human blood lymphocytes.
      Preliminary note.
AB  - Ficoll-Hypaque separated normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes undergo
      appreciable blastogenesis in RPMI 1640-pooled human serum or - autologous plasma.
      During the 1st week, granulated blasts with peroixdase activity and
      ultrastructural properties of granulocytes precursors appear. These cells, which
      appear to be relateed to CFC (colony-forming cells), contribute to the mitotic
      population in these unstimulated "control" cultures prior to 6 days.

PMID- 181189
TI  - The effects of cyclic AMP on leucocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) production and on
      the inhibition of leucocyte migration.
AB  - The effect of drugs known to increase intracellular levels of cyllic AMP were
      studied in the leucocyte migration ihibition system. It was found that cyclic
      AMP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, theophyline, and prostaglandins E1 and E2 inhibited
      the production of leucocyte inhibiting factor by HA pulsed lymphocytes Inhibition
      only occured when the drugs were present during or after the PHA pulse. In
      addition it was found that these drugs enhanced the migration of
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), in this system. Electrophoretic mobility of
      PMN cells was not altered by these drug indicating that the effect is not due to
      changes in membrane charge. However, granulocyte adhesion was reduced in the
      presence of these drug suggesting that adhesion is of primary importance in the
      migration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes out of capillary tubes. The findings
      show that cyclic AMP is important in modulating both cell-mediated and
      inflammatory responses.

PMID- 181190
TI  - Immunological studies of human placentae. Lectin binding to villous stroma and to
      trophoblastic basement membrane.
AB  - It has been demonstrated immunohistologically using cryostat sections that the
      lectins PHA and Con A bind to human placentae. Both lectins stain trophoblastic
      basement membrane (TBM), perivascular tissue and stroma. No staining of
      trophoblasts was observed. It has been shown by blocking experiments that the
      lectin binding sites on placental TBM are glycoproteins, whereas experiments
      involving pretreatment of placental sections with anti-collagen antisera or
      highly purified bacterial collagenase have indicated that lectin binding to
      stromal and perivascular structures is collagen-associated. The possible relation
      of TBM lectin-binding sites to immune response gene products is briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 181191
TI  - Viral infections and haematological malignancies.

PMID- 181192
TI  - Antibacterial therapy--special considerations in neutropenic patients.

PMID- 181193
TI  - Lithium treatment during alcoholic withdrawal.
AB  - The efficacy of lithium carbonate was studied in 18 chronic alcoholic male
      patients in withdrawal. In mild alcoholic withdrawal, oral lithium carbonate, 0.3
      gm every 8 hr, diminishes subjective symptoms of withdrawal and normalizes
      performance on a motor tracking task. Patients who start lithium while drinking
      ethanol improve most probably because it takes longer than 3 days for lithium
      concentrations in the blood to plateau. Lithium does not importantly alter
      patterns of catecholamine excretion, blood pressures, heart rate, serum cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate (AMP), serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), sleep
      pattern, or tremor amplitude during withdrawal.

PMID- 181195
TI  - Molecular basis for postjunctional conductance increases induced by
      acetylcholine.

PMID- 181194
TI  - Reversible resistance to the renal action of parathyroid hormone in man.
AB  - 1. Normal subjects showed a highly reproducible, rapid increase in plasma
      adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) after an intravenous injection
      of 200 MRC units of highly purified bovine parathyroid hormone. 2. No significant
      increase in plasma cyclic AMP was observed after administration of bovine
      parathyroid hormone to patients with severe chronic renal failure. 3. Even when
      renal function was not impaired, some patients with primary hyperparathyroidism,
      who had high concentrations of endogenous parathyroid hormone, showed resistance
      to bovine parathyroid hormone and when this was injected intravenously it caused
      only a small increase in plasma cyclic AMP. This resistance was reversible since
      there was marked improvement in the response after parathyroidectomy, when
      endogenous parathyroid hormone concentration had fallen. 4. It was possible to
      reproduce this resistance to the hormone by intravenous infusion of bovine
      parathyroid hormone into normal subjects. When the hormone (1000 MRC units) was
      infused over 2 h, after an initial increase there was a progressive decline in
      plasma cyclic AMP concentration and a fall in urinary cyclic AMP excretion. The
      response to a standard test stimulus (200 MRC units of bovine parathyroid hormone
      given as a rapid intravenous injection) was examined at intervals after 1000
      units of bovine parathyroid hormone had been infused. Initially, the response was
      severely impaired; at 4 h, partial recovery had occurred and, 24 h after the
      infusion, recovery of the response was complete. The resistance was therefore
      reversible. Infusion of the amino-terminal peptide, fragment 1-34, gave the same
      effect as infusion of intact hormone. Region-specific assays for the hormone were
      used to show that the concentration of immuno-assayable hormone remained high
      during the infusions. 5. The mechanism of this reversible resistance to
      parathyroid hormone remains to be elucidated; it seems unlikely that circulating
      hormone fragments could account for the prolonged impairment in the
      responsiveness to the intact hormone. It is possible that alteration in the
      formation, intracellular degradation or, perhaps, release of cyclic AMP from the
      cells, is the cause. Changes in the characteristics of the hormone receptor sites
      might also explain the phenomenon.

PMID- 181196
TI  - Some structural properties of the cholinergic receptor protein in its membrane
      environmental relevant to its function as a pharmacological receptor.

PMID- 181197
TI  - Stimulation-induced depletion of vesicles, fatigue of transmission and recovery
      processes at a vertebrate central synapse.
AB  - The Mauthner fiber giant fiber synapses of the hatchetfish are chemically
      transmitting axo-axionic synapses in the medulla. Tetanic stimulation at room
      temperature depletes the presynaptic Mauthner terminal of vesicles and leads to
      the appearance of large numbers of irregular membraneous compartments in the
      terminal. Stimulation during cooling to 12 degrees C depletes the terminal of
      vesicles and greatly increases the external surface, which forms large whorls of
      invaginating double membranes. Many coated vesicles are attached to the surface
      and the invaginating whorls. It is concluded that vesicles are discharged by
      exocytosis and fusion of their membrane with the external surface, and that at
      room temperature, membrane is reinternalized by coated vesicles and formed into
      irregular compartments. In completion of the cycle, these compartments disappear,
      and the vesicle population recovers over an hour or two of rest. When the
      Mauthner fibers are stimulated at low rates, the p.s.p.'s in the giant fibers are
      large and suprathreshold. Minature p.s.p.'s are generated spontaneously or can be
      evoked by subthreshold depolarization or tetanic stimulation of the Mauthner
      fiber. Stimulation of the Mauthner fibers at gradually increasing frequencies
      depresses p.s.p. amplitude to or below the level of miniature p.s.p.'s, but no
      failures are observed. Small p.s.p.'s without failures suggest that the quantum
      number remains high but that quantal size is greatly reduced, either by partial
      filling, as is supported by the morphological observation of vesicle depletion,
      or by desensitization. When stimulation is stopped, recovery of p.s.p. amplitude
      occurs in 1 or 2 seconds, but if tetanic stimulation is resumed immediately,
      p.s.p. amplitude decreases again and much more rapidly than in the initial
      rundown. This result suggests that depression of p.s.p. amplitude is not due to
      desensitization and leaves partial filling as the most likely explanation of
      small quanta. Calculated quantal size following a tetanus recovers in 200-500 ms,
      which probably largely reflects the time for filling since enough vesicles can be
      supplied to prevent failures with much shorter intervals between stimuli. Because
      quantal size appears to decrease gradually as stimulation frequency increases, it
      appears that release of vesicles can interrupt filling, leading to the conclusion
      that filling and release sites are very close together. This conlusion is
      consistent with other data in the literature obtained by different techniques.

PMID- 181198
TI  - Synaptic organization and acetylcholine sensitivity of multiply innervated
      autonomic ganglion cells.
AB  - The principal cells of the mudpuppy cardiac ganglion receive synapses from three
      sources: vagal axons, interneurons and axon collaterals from other principal
      cells. The simplicity of the structural organization and the visual clarity in
      the living preparation provide favorable conditions for examining the function of
      these synapses and how different classes of synapses on the same cell influence
      its function. We have studied the sensitivity of the principal cells to
      iontophoretically applied acetylcholine--the transmitter at synapses made by the
      vagal axons and by postganglionic axon collaterals from other principal cells. In
      normal ganglia, the ACh sensitivity on the cell surface is highest at the region
      of synapses. Partial denervation, produced by severing the vagus nerves, results
      in an increased ACh sensitivity in nonsynaptic areas but does not appear to
      affect synaptic transmission at the remaining synapses.

PMID- 181199
TI  - Central nervous system synapses in cell culture.

PMID- 181200
TI  - The structure and permeability of isolated hepatocyte gap junctions.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the gap junction may be visualized in both in situ and
      isolated preparations by using a variety of electron microscope techniques. The
      junction is composed of a lattice of subunits, called connexons, which show
      variable degrees of packing into a hexagonal lattice depending on a variety of
      poorly understood conditions. In general, it appears that more uncoupled and
      "dead" the junction, the more regular and condensed the hexagonal lattice
      becomes. It is not yet known whether these are "postmortem" changes or
      physiologically active and reversible changes involved in regulation of
      junctional permeability. Using a variety of techniques, it can be seen that the
      connexon extends completely across the junctional membranes, from the cytoplasmic
      surface of one cell to the cytoplasmic surface of the other, spanning the 2-nm
      "gap" between the apposed junctional membranes. Thus it is possible to implicate
      the connexon as a permeability channel from cytoplasm to cytoplasm, although the
      hydrophilic pore through the center of the connexon has not yet been demonstrated
      to span the full junction thickness. X-ray diffraction experiments support these
      conclusions, and the excellent correlation between the electron microscope and X
      ray diffraction data lends great confidence to the interpretations of gap
      junction structure presented thus far. These data are summarized in the drawing
      in Figure 17. This is a scale drawing of two connexons, each of which is imagined
      to be composed of a dimer of hexamers. It must be emphasized that as yet there is
      no direct evidence for a sixfold symmetry within the connexon. Of special
      interest now are the types of protein-protein interactions that hold the two
      halves of the connexon together across the 2-nm gap and the lateral interactions
      between the connexons at the level of the lipid bilayers.

PMID- 181201
TI  - A common presynaptic locus for the synaptic changes underlying short-term
      habituation and sensitization of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia.

PMID- 181202
TI  - Modification and regeneration of synaptic connections in cultured leech ganglia.
AB  - Segmental ganglia of the central nervous system of the leech were maintained in
      culture medium outside the animal for several weeks in order to study the
      properties of synapses and regeneration by identified sensory and motor nerve
      cells. A variety of preparations were used, including single ganglia, chains of
      ganglia and ganglia connected to the areas of skin and muscle that they normally
      innervate in the animal. (1) For up to 10 weeks after removal from the animal,
      resting and action potentials recorded from sensory and motor neurons resembled
      those seen in normal ganglia. The same individual cell in a cultured ganglion
      could be recorded from with intracellular electrodes on a second occasion after
      an interval of a few days. (2) Sensory cells, identified as touch, pressure or
      nociceptive according to their morphology and electrical properties, continued to
      respond selectively to stimuli of the appropriate modality applied to their
      receptive fields in the skin; action potentials in motor cells caused
      contractions in the appropriate muscles. Culture of ganglia for more than 3 weeks
      caused the disappearance of synaptic potentials and a loss of transparency in
      ganglia. (3) Certain chemically mediated synaptic interactions between sensory
      and motor nerve cells became markedly changed in cultured ganglia. These changes
      appeared over the first 3 weeks and consisted of abnormally large excitatory and
      inhibitory synaptic potentials. The changes in synaptic transmission observed in
      culture were in many respects similar to those occurring in ganglia maintained
      within an animal after lesions have been made in the nervous system (Jansen et
      al. 1974). (4) The morphological appearances of sensory cells were compared in
      cultured and normal ganglia after injection of horseradish peroxidase. In
      cultured ganglia, the branching pattern appeared normal, but varicosities became
      more conspicuous. (5) When connectives linking cultured ganglia were crushed or
      cut, regeneration occurred. By 7 days, impulses propagated through the
      regenerated fibers and evoked synaptic potentials on cells within the next
      ganglion. The course taken by regenerating axons was observed in cells injected
      with horseradish peroxidase. The results again resembled those seen in animals
      with similar lesions. (6) The cultured ganglia provide preparations in which it
      is possible to analyze the mechanisms that underlie long-term changes similar to
      those seen in the leech central nervous system in situ.

PMID- 181203
TI  - Transmission of signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells in the eye of the
      turtle.
AB  - Synaptic transfer between receptors and ganglion cells was studied in the retina
      of the turtle. In the normal operation of this pathway, signals are relayed
      across two or more chemical synapses. Previous work indicates that the receptors
      give graded hyperpolarization to light, and that the bipolar cells also respond
      with graded potential changes; the ganglion cells give impulses. Injection of
      weak electrical currents into a single receptor provides an alternative means of
      activating the pathway. We have used this technique to examine (1) the role of
      the receptors' hyperpolarization in signal transmission and (2) the sensitivity
      and temporal properties of the pathway. The response of a ganglion cell evoked by
      light on the retina can be duplicated by electrically hyperpolarizing a receptor
      and antagonized by electrical depolarization. This indicates that the
      hyperpolarization is responsible for regulating the flow of information from the
      receptors to the second-order retinal cells. The sensitivity of the synaptic path
      from cones to ganglion cells, determined from electrical stimulation of single
      receptors, was found to be sufficient to permit detection of about 100
      photoisomerizations. Using the same technique, the kinetics of transfer were
      studied and found to exhibit a delay or integrating process and also a slow
      differentiation that blocks steady-state transmission. For the path from red
      sensitive cones to ganglion cells, the apparent time constant of the delay
      process was of the order of 75 ms and that of the differentiation, about 100 ms.
      In the path from rods to ganglion cells, the differentiation was several times
      slower.

PMID- 181204
TI  - Signal transmission from photoreceptors to ganglion cells in the visual system of
      the giant barnacle.

PMID- 181205
TI  - Lipoproteins in serum of rat, mouse, gerbil, rabbit, pig and man studied by
      electrophoretical and immunological methods.

PMID- 181206
TI  - Distribution of homocarnosine-carnosine synthetase in tissues of rat, mouse,
      chick and frog.

PMID- 181207
TI  - Subcellular distribution and some properties of homocarnosine-carnosine
      synthetase from chick red blood cells.

PMID- 181208
TI  - Quantitative analysis of flow microfluorometric data from asynchronous and drug
      treated cell populations.

PMID- 181210
TI  - Gibberellic acid protection against EMS and MMS induced damage to chromosomes in
      Pisum sativum L.

PMID- 181209
TI  - Galactosemia. Repository identification Nos. GM-438 to GM-442.

PMID- 181211
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infection as cause of fever in general medical patients.

PMID- 181212
TI  - Reappraisal of the role of the diabetic state in coronary artery disease.
AB  - Clinical and coronary arteriographic findings were evaluated in patients with
      angina pectoris who were considered not to have diabetes mellitus or to have
      chemical or clinical diabetes. Each of the three groups consisted of 100
      consecutive referred patients. Neither the age of the patients nor duration of
      symptoms differed significantly among the groups. Hypertension, gout, and
      peripheral vascular disease were more frequent in the patients with clinical
      diabetes. There was no difference in serum cholesterol concentration among the
      groups, but plasma triglyceride levels and the frequency of type 4
      hyperlipoproteinemia were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the chemical
      and clinical diabetic groups than in the nondiabetic patients. Coronary
      arteriographic observations indicated that the severity of the coronary arterial
      disease was greater in both diabetic groups than in nondiabetic patients. The
      difference in the coronary scores among the three groups of patients interacts to
      some extent with the triglyceride level, since a high score in the diabetic
      groups was noted only in the presence of an elevated tryglyceride concentration.
      The results indicate that the increased severity of coronary arterial disease in
      diabetic patients is not attributable to age, duration of symptoms, hypertension,
      type -4 hyperlipoproteinemia, or apparent severity of the glucose intolerance.

PMID- 181213
TI  - Another presentation of fibrosing alveolitis and alveolar cell carcinoma.
AB  - A 73-year-old woman had dyspnea associated with gradually increasing pulmonary
      collapse. Despite intensive investigation, the diagnosis was only reached at
      autopsy 18 months later, when histologic examination of the lungs showed changes
      of both fibrosing alveolitis and alveolar cell carcinoma.

PMID- 181214
TI  - Onset of sarcoidosis with left ventricular failure and multisystem involvement.
AB  - A patient presented with acute left ventricular failure, then developed cranial
      nerve palsies, myopathy, fever and hyperuricemia. Sarcoidosis was not diagnosed
      until the pulmonary congestion cleared, revealing hilar adenopathy and residual
      mottling. Thereafter, uveitis was noted and scalene and muscle biopsies confirmed
      the diagnosis.

PMID- 181215
TI  - Characterization of a nosocomially significant, multiple drug-resistant strain of
      Serratia marcescens.
AB  - A multiple drug-resistant strain of Serratia marcescens (bacteriocin type 18) was
      isolated from three clinical patients. The isolates were found to carry a
      conjugally nontransferable, nonmobilizeable resistance plasmid (R-plasmid) with
      resistance-(r)-determinants against ten antimicrobial drugs: ampicillin,
      carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin,
      tobramycin, triple sulfonamides, cotrimoxazole, and--possibly--nalidixic acid, as
      determined with exposure to 'curing' agents (ethidium bromide, acridine orange,
      and sodium dodecyl sulfate) and by the high rate of spontaneous loss of r
      determinants. Dyebuoyant density centrifugation allowed recovery of R-plasmid DNA
      that measured roughly 24 mum in contour length; after 'curing' with concomitant
      loss of 9 r-determinants, the contour length of the R-plasmid DNA of one isolate
      (No. SE 154) had decreased to roughly 15 mum, and none was detected in the sole
      variant of the isolate that spontaneously had lost 11 r-determinants.

PMID- 181216
TI  - A clinical investigation of pivmecillinam. A novel beta-lactam antibiotic in the
      treatment of urinary tract infections.
AB  - Pivmecillinam (FL 1039) is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of mecillinam (FL 1060)
      which has considerable in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae. 38 hospital
      inpatients who had proven urinary tract infections were treated with 400 mg
      pivmecillinam four times daily for 5-7 days. The MIC of mecillinam to the
      infecting organisms was determined as were the serum and urinary concentrations
      of the antibiotic. The patients were followed up for 4-6 weeks after the end of
      treatment. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Of the 35 patients who were
      adequately followed up, 29 (83%) were classified as cured and there were 6
      failures. Reported side effects were of a minor nature.

PMID- 181217
TI  - Infection of newborn Taiwan monkeys (Macaca cyclopis) with human adenovirus type
      12 and simian virus 40.
AB  - For testing biological response of newborn Taiwan monkeys to infection of human
      adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) and simian virus 40 (SV40), 40 newborn Taiwan monkeys
      were inoculated with Ad12, Ad12, plus SV40, Ad12 supplemented with Ad12-induced
      hamster tumor tissue (Ad12 tumor) or control specimens (HeLa or African green
      monkey kidney cell lysate). Among them 26 survived including 8 newborn monkeys
      inoculated with control specimens. The survivors were observed for 4 years but no
      tumor was produced. The increase of body weight and intake of calories and
      protein in each test group during the first 12 wk were similar to those of
      corresponding control groups. Intrapulmonary inoculation of 108.2TCD50 of Ad12
      with additional subcutaneous dose of Ad12 (108.8TCD50), Ad12 plus SV40 (108TCD50)
      or Ad12 plus Ad12 tumor killed 78% of newborn monkeys (7 of 9) in 18 days. The
      newborn could stand subcutaneous inoculation of SV40 (108TCD50) with 1 dose of
      Ad12 (108.8TCD50) or 3 doses of Ad12 (108.5, 108.5 and 108.2TCD50) at 24-hr
      intervals. When 108.8TCD50 or more Ad12 were inoculated, the virus could be
      isolated as late as 44 and 26 days from rectal and throat swab specimens
      respectively. The Ad12 neutralizing antibody in baby monkeys inoculated with
      multiple doses of Ad12 persisted, in low titer, longer than those injected with
      single high doses of Ad12, but anti-Ad12 T (tumor) antibody disappeared by 35 wk
      in both groups. Although SV40 antibody response was better than Ad12 antibody
      response in baby Taiwan monkeys, pre-infection of SV40 did not potentiate the
      production of anti-Ad12 T antibody.

PMID- 181218
TI  - Host preference of mosquito vectors of Japanese encephalitis.
AB  - The host preference of 4 Culex mosquito species collected in Miaoli and Pingtung
      counties, Taiwan was studied by capillary precipitin method. Antisera to alum
      precipitated sera of man, bovine, swine, rabbit, horse, dog, cat, mouse, chicken,
      duck, and pigeon were produced in rabbits and reacted with 758 mosquito blood
      meals among which reactions to one or more antisera. Culex annulus and Culex
      tritaeniorhynchus summorosus showed a great avidity for pig, and Culex
      fuscocephala for bovine. Culex pipiens fatigans was ornithophilic. None of 110 C.
      t. summorosus and 2.4% of 223 C. annulus had fed on man. Among 66 samples of C.p.
      fatigans tested 10.3% had fed on man, while none of 359 C. fuscocephala did. It
      seems that the latter does not act as a primary vector of Japanese encephalitis.

PMID- 181219
TI  - Permeability of pulmonary vascular endothelium.
AB  - Three aspects of transendothelial exchange in the lungs are considered:
      stretching of interendothelial junctions of pulmonary microvessels by increase in
      pulmonary capillary pressures; selective stretching of interendothelial junctions
      of bronchial venules in response to histamine, bradykinin and endotoxin; active
      transport of peptides across the body of the endothelial cell after enzymic
      action at or near the luminal surface of the endothelial cell. Stretching of
      interendothelial junctions between the cells lining the pulmonary capillaries was
      demonstrated using a variety of macromolecular tracers under controlled
      haemodynamic conditions. Selective leakage of bronchial venules, the systemic
      venules of the lungs, was shown using colloidal carbon as a tracer.
      Transendothelial transport of peptides across the pulmonary capillary lining
      involved the use of electron microscopic autoradiography after intravenous
      administration of radioactively-labelled lipoproteins. Different mechanisms
      appear to provide routes of entry into the perivascular interstitial spaces of
      the lungs.

PMID- 181220
TI  - Ultrastructural basis for alveolar-capillary permeability to protein.
AB  - The intravenous injection into mice of small volumes (less than 0.1 ml) of
      peroxidatic enzymes of molecular weight of 40 000 daltons or greater results in
      little if any penetration of these probe molecules into endothelial junctions.
      The injection of cytochrome c (12 000 daltons), on the other hand, results in the
      localization of this tracer in some but not all endothelial junctions. When
      horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) is injected in a large volume of saline (0.5
      ml), reaction product is present in endothelial junctions and basement membrane,
      but is prevented from entering the alveolar space by zonulae occludentes between
      epithelial cells. These experiments indicate that although endothelial junctions,
      under physiological conditions, are largely impermeable to molecules the size of
      horseradish peroxidase, and presumably most serum proteins, they are labile and
      susceptible to stretching if intravascular pressure is increased. Freeze-fracture
      studies show that pulmonary capillary endothelial junctions are composed of one
      or at the most two strands which show areas of discontinuity. Epithelial
      junctions, by contrast, are composed of a continuous, complex network of
      anastomosing fibres. These observations confirm physiological experiments which
      indicate that it is the pulmonary epithelium rather than the endothelium which
      determines the permeability properties of the alveolar-capillary membrane to
      lipid-insoluble molecules. Bidirectional pinocytic transport is an additional
      mechanism whereby lipid-insoluble molecules are transported across both
      endothelial and epithelial layers. The relative contribution of this transport
      mechanism to the total amount transported remains to be established.

PMID- 181221
TI  - The control of insulin release by sugars.
AB  - The interaction of glucose, the major physiological regulator of insulin
      secretion, with the beta-cell involves the recognition of glucose as a signal,
      the transduction of this recognition into an intracellular event and the coupling
      of the event to the exocytotic discharge of insulin from secretory granules. The
      following aspects of this system are discussed: (1) the mechanism of insulin
      release; (2) the evidence implicating Ca2+ and cyclic AMP as coupling factors;
      (3) the main characteristics of glucose-stimulated insulin release; (4) gluco
      receptor models and the evidence for them; (5) possible mechanisms for
      transduction of the response to glucose; (6) the extent to which the systems of
      the secretory response to sugars may also be involved in the control of
      proinsulin biosynthesis; (7) whether starvation induces specific changes in the
      glucoreceptor system.

PMID- 181222
TI  - The mode of action of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate in the regulation of
      insulin secretion.
AB  - Changes in the pancreatic beta-cell concentrations of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic
      phosphate (cyclic AMP) may lead to changes in rates of insulin release, although
      little is known of the exact mechanism by which this nucleotide may influence the
      secretory process. Previous studies indicated that in the beta-cell, as in other
      mammalian cell types, the effects of cyclic AMP may be exerted by the activation
      of a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and we have attempted to identify
      possible substrates for this enzyme in beta-cells. Cyclic AMP stimulated the
      phosphorylation of specific non-nuclear protein substrates; this effect was
      observed both in intact cells preincubated with sodium [32P]phosphate to label
      intracellular ATP and in broken cell preparations incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP.
      The substrates for protein kinase in islets are unknown but as in other tissues
      might include microtubular protein and specific proteins of the granule and
      plasma membranes. In separate experiments cyclic AMP stimulated the efflux of
      calcium from an organelle-bound (probably mitochondrial) pool, and this may
      result in rapid changes of intracellular calcium distribution in the beta-cell;
      these might in turn play an important role in the regulation of secretion. These
      results suggest that cyclic AMP may directly affect cytosolic calcium
      concentrations in the beta-cell, as well as promoting the phosphorylation and
      activity of other components which may be necessary for the maintenance of
      adequate secretory responses.

PMID- 181223
TI  - Multiple forms of corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH) and their
      significance.
AB  - Big corticotropin (adrenocroticotropic hormone, ACTH), an immunoreactive form of
      ACTH with low biological activity and which elutes in the void volume on Sephadex
      G-50 gel filtration, is found in plasma and extracts of human pituitary and
      tumour. Controlled tryptic digestion of big ACTH releases a product with full
      corticotropic activity which is indistinguishable from the (1-39) ACTH with
      respect to size, charge and susceptibility to tryptic digestion. Immunoreactive
      ACTH, predominantly in the big form, is found in virtually all tissue extracts of
      carcinoma primary to or metastatic from the lung, but not of carcinoma metastatic
      to the lung, and even in precancerous lung lesions. The absence of clinical
      Cushing syndrome in patients with carcinoma of the lung and moderate elevation of
      plasma concentrations of ACTH is due to the low biological activity of big ACTH.
      Prolonged survival (for more than two years) of patients with lung carcinoma has
      been observed only in those whose plasma ACTH is low before therapy or after
      resection of the lung tumour. Rabbit, rat and mouse pituitaries contain an
      intermediate sized ACTH but the usual 1-39 peptide predominates in the
      pituitaries of monkey, sheep, dog, cat and guinea pig, as well as man. The
      hormonal form of ACTH appears to be an important factor regulating the
      cortisol/corticosterone ratio in mammalian adrenal corticoid secretion because
      administration of porcine ACTH to rabbits alters the adrenal secretory pattern so
      as to decrease corticosterone production and increase cortisol production.

PMID- 181224
TI  - Membrane topology as revealed by the binding of macromolecules.
AB  - Binding sites for specific molecules at the cell surface can be localized with
      the electron microscope in thin-section, freeze-etch and shadow-casting
      preparations. The receptors tested were binding sites to concanavalin A (Con A)
      labelled with haemocyanin and binding sites to insulin labelled with ferritin.
      Con A-binding sites were localized in endocrine cells of the pancreas and insulin
      binding sites in isolated liver plasma membranes. The relevance of the
      topographical distribution of the binding sites to cell membrane organization is
      discussed.

PMID- 181225
TI  - Protein phosphorylation and hormone action.
AB  - Although the scheme hormone leads to raised cyclic AMP levels leads to activated
      protein kinase leads to phosphorylated protein leads to physiological response
      may represent an outline for the action of several hormones, in the best
      understood example, namely regulation of glucogen metabolism in mammalian muscle,
      the picture is more complex. Modification of phosphorylase kinase by cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinase, after stimulation by adrenaline, leads to
      phosphorylation of the enzyme at two sites. Activation is associated exclusively
      with the phosphorylation of the primary site, but the secondary phosphorylation
      indirectly antagonizes the primary phosphorylation in that it is necessary to
      render the primary site susceptible to dephosphorylation. The recent separation
      of two distinct phosphorylase kinase phosphatases specific for the two sites
      shows that reversal of the hormonal stimulation is controlled by the relative
      activities of two enzymes with opposing functions. Glycogen synthetase, which is
      phosphorylated and inactivated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, is also
      under the control of insulin. Although insulin appears to stimulate glycogen
      synthetase by reversal of the inactivation catalysed by the cyclic AMP-dependent
      protein kinase, tissue cyclic AMP concentrations do not alter. The recent
      identification of a second glycogen synthetase kinase, unaffected by cyclic AMP,
      therefore raises the possibility that insulin action may also be mediated through
      phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanisms, which antagonize those mediated
      through cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

PMID- 181226
TI  - Growth-promoting actions of peptide hormones.
AB  - In common with other growth-promoting hormones, peptide hormones evoke multiple
      biochemical responses in their target tissues. These can be divided into two
      groups: (a) rapid effects involving permeability properties of the target cell to
      amino acids, sugars and ions or changes in key intracellular metabolites like
      cyclic nucleotides; (b) slow responses based on the stimulation of RNA and
      protein synthesis. The impossibility of explaining all the late events as the
      results of early changes raises the possibility that more than one species of
      hormone receptor exists. It is proposed that the final expression of growth and
      maturation results from the cooperative interaction of rapid and slow responses
      of the target cell to the hormone.

PMID- 181227
TI  - Prohormones of beta-melanotropin (beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, beta-MSH)
      and corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH): structure and activation.
AB  - It is proposed that all peptide hormones and releasing factors are biosynthesized
      in the form of precursor molecules which are biologically inactive. Enzymic
      activation may take place by hydrolytic cleavage to release a terminal COOH group
      or by transmidation to form a COOH-terminal amide. Studies with pituitary
      prohormones and hormones are providing data that support this hypothesis.
      Evidence has been obtained that the 91 residue beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) is the
      prohormone of beta-melanotropin (beta-MSH). The specificity of the pituitary
      enzymes involved in release of the hormone was demonstrated by the isolation of
      five constituent fragments of LPH, which were obtained in homogeneous form from
      the pituitary gland of the pig. The enzymes have specificities similar to trypsin
      and carboxypeptidase B; carboxypeptidase A and aminopeptidase activities do not
      appear to be involved. Mild digestion of beta-LPH by trypsin in vitro has
      confirmed the susceptibility of the peptide bond on the carboxy side of the
      paired basic residues at positions 59 and 60, adjacent to the COOH-terminus of
      beta-MSH, and tryptic digestion of a model peptide demonstrated the same
      specificity. The paired basic residues at positions 39 and 40 adjacent to the NH2
      terminus of beta-MSH were more resistant to tryptic attack, both in LPH and in a
      model peptide. In the gland it is apparent that LPH is cleaved on the carboxy
      side of the paired lysyl residues at positions 39 and 40, whereas in the
      synthetic peptide cleavage takes place in between these residues. The activating
      enzyme may differ from trypsin; alternatively, explanation may be found in the
      conformation of the prohormone. Prediction of secondary indicates that both pairs
      of basic residues lie adjacent to beta-bends on the surface of the molecule and
      occupy sites accessible to enzymic attack. It seems likely that alpha-MSH and
      corticotropin (ACTH) share a common pro hormone. The release of ACTH could
      involve cleavage of a -Gly-Ser- bond in the prohormone to expose the NH2-terminus
      of the hormone. With alpha-MSH, a concerted acetylation and cleavage may take
      place to form the N-acetylserine residue; the COOH-terminus may be released as an
      amide by direct transamidation of a -Val-Gly- bond in the prohormone. Release of
      either hormone would be accompanied by the release of contiguous fragments of the
      prohormone. We have isolated two novel polypeptides from pig pituitary in
      substantial quantity and have determined the primary structures. They may
      represent fragments of a prohormone to alpha-MSH or ACTH.

PMID- 181228
TI  - [Relation of synthesis and decomposition rates of cyclic adenosine-3', 5'
      monophosphate (cyclAMP) in rabbit skeletal muscles].

PMID- 181229
TI  - [Isoenzyme composition and properties of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase in
      normal and neoplastic cells].

PMID- 181230
TI  - [Changes in the paramagnetic properties of Chlorella exposed to toxic chemical
      compounds].

PMID- 181231
TI  - [Localization of the polycytidylic sequence in the virion RNA molecule of the
      encephalomyocarditis virus].

PMID- 181232
TI  - [Negative cooperativity in the biochemical effects of catecholamines and cyclic
      3',5'-AMP].

PMID- 181234
TI  - [Asthma and respiratory symptome induced by isocyanates].

PMID- 181233
TI  - [Involvement of statoacoustic nerve in epidemic parotitis].

PMID- 181235
TI  - [Development of new vaccines].

PMID- 181236
TI  - On the mechanism of inhibition by iodine of the thyroid adenylate cyclase
      response to thyrotropic hormone.
AB  - Rats maintained on a low-iodine diet were hypophysectomized, and their diet was
      than enriched with iodide. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations achieved in their
      thyroids following in vitro TSH stimulation were significantly lower than those
      in the thyroids of control animals that did not receive dietary iodide
      enrichment. The addition of 0.1% methimazole  (MMI) or 1% KC1O4 to the diet
      abolished this inhibitory effect of iodide. The administration of
      triiodothyronine in the died did not reproduce the inhibitory effect of iodide.
      The effect of iodide in vitro on the thyroid cAMP response to TSH was then
      investigated using paired thyroid lobes obtained from intact rats fed a low
      iodine diet. During a 15-min incubation period, concentrations of iodide up to
      10(-3)M, together with TSH (125 mU/ml), did not affect the thyroid cAMP response
      to TSH. In contrast, the preincubation of the lobes in 5 X 10(-5)M Nal for 2 h
      preceding a final 15-min incubation in medium containing TSH alone resulted in
      final cAMP concentrations significantly lower than those in paired lobes not
      exposed to iodide. Basal cAMP concentrations in thyroids not subjected to TSH
      stimulation were unaffected by preincubation in iodide. The inclusion of TSH
      during the preincubation period augmented the inhibitory effect of iodide on the
      final thyroid cAMP concentration achieved. The inclusion of MMI together with
      iodide during the preincubation period abolished the inhibitory effect of iodide
      on the final cAMP concentration achieved by TSH stimulation. Direct measurement
      of newly formed organic iodine in vitro demonstrated it to be inversely
      proportional to the final cAMP concentration achieved by TSH stimulation. The
      preincubation of thyroid lobes in iodide was without effect on the subsequent
      stimulation of cAMP by PGE1, or on the stimulation by F- of adenylate cyclase
      activity in the thyroid homogenate. The data support the concept of an as yet
      unknown organic form of iodine that limits thyroid adenylate cyclase
      responsiveness to TSH stimulation. This may, in part, explain the diverse, and
      generally inhibitory, actions of iodide on thyroid function.

PMID- 181237
TI  - Effect of pharmacological blockade of ACTH and TSH secretion on the acute
      stimulation of prolactin release by exposure to cold and ether stress.
AB  - Acute exposure of male rats to cold (5C)leads to a rapid increase of plasma
      levels of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), corticosterone, and L-thyroxine.
      Exposure to ether is similarly followed by a rapid increase of plasma levels of
      PRL and corticosterone, while TSH release is inhibited. Acute treatment with
      dexamethasone (500 mug) inhibits almost completely the PRL response to both
      exposure to cold and ether stress, while the plasma TSH response to cold is only
      delayed and the decrease of plasma TSH observed after ether stress is unchanged.
      Basal plasma levels of both TSH and PRL are lowered after treatment with the
      steroid. Thyroxine treatment lowers the plasma TSH concentration to undetectable
      levels without affecting the plasma PRL response to cold or ether exposure. The
      present data suggest that the rise of plasma PRL observed after cold exposure is
      not related to TRH and may suggest that common mechanisms control ACTH and PRL
      secretion during acute stress exposure.

PMID- 181238
TI  - Evidence that cyclic AMP is not involved in the chronotropic action of glucagon
      in the adult mouse heart.
AB  - The effects of glucagon on the adult mouse heart have been studied. Glucagon (1
      mg/kg) increased heart rate in the adult mouse. This effect was enhanced in
      animals which had pretreated with reserpine to deplete catecholamines. No change
      in the cardiac cyclic AMP concentration after the injection of glucagon was seen
      in the hearts of reserpinized animals. Moreover, adenylyl cyclase activity,
      measured in two different laboratories in whole homogenates, 600 X g pellets or
      washed particles from adult mouse hearts, was not activated by glucagon. Finally,
      the injection of epinephrine (1.6 mg/kg), but not of glucagon (1.0 mg/kg),
      increased the per cent of cardiac phosphorylase a activity and depleted cardiac
      glucogen. Since increased levels of cyclic AMP are associated with an increase in
      the per cent of the cardiac phosphorylase a activity, these experiments provide
      evidence for the hypothesis that cyclic AMP is not essential for the rate effects
      of glucagon in the adult mouse.

PMID- 181239
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors: evidence for a second, non-glucocorticoid binding site.
AB  - Previous studies on cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors and enzyme induction led
      to the classification of steroids as inducers (optimal or sub-optimal),
      antagonists, or inactive steroids, with respect to their activity as
      glucocorticoids. The receptor was postulated to exist in allosteric equilibrium
      between two conformational states, one "active" and the other "inactive".
      Steroids behaved as inducers (optimal or sub-optimal), antagonists, or inactive
      steroids depending on their relative affinity for the active and inactive
      conformational state of the receptor. Another possible model would invoke
      multiple binding sites on a single receptor with interactions between the binding
      sites depending upon the particular steroid bound. To test this latter
      possibility, an experimental technique was developed to measure the rate of
      dissociation of tritiated dexamethasone ([3H]DM) or tritiated aldosterone ([3H]A)
      from the glucocorticoid receptor of rat liver or kidney cytosol. The dissociation
      of the [3H]DM-receptor at 25 C was not due to irreversible denaturation, and
      minimal recombination of the receptor with [3H]DM occurred. Progesterone and a
      number of other steroids consistently and significantly increased the
      dissociation rate of [3H]DM-receptor complexes in both liver and kidney cytosol.
      An identical effect was seen with hepatic glucocorticoid receptors labelled with
      [3H]A, like dexamethasone an optimal inducer. All steroids which enhanced
      glucocorticoid-receptor dissociation were either antagonists or sub-optimal
      inducers. Thus, it is postulated that glucocorticoid receptors have at least two
      classes of binding sites, and that occupation of the second site increases the
      dissociation rate of agonists from glucocorticoid receptors.

PMID- 181240
TI  - The porcine ovarian follicle: III. Development of chorionic gonadotropin
      receptors associated with increase in adenyl cyclase activity during follicle
      maturation.
AB  - Specific binding of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and the hCG-sensitive
      adenyl cyclase of granulosa cells from small (1-2 mm), medium (3-5 mm), and large
      (6-12 mm) porcine ovarian follicles have been studied. The number of hCG-binding
      sites per cell (n) increases during follicle maturation without a change in the
      binding affinity. The values for n were 300-400 for small, 1,000-1,600 for
      medium, and 8,200-10,000 for large-follicle cells. The dissociation constant is
      2.4 X 10(-10)M for all cells. hCG-sensitive adenyl cyclase was demonstrated in
      porcine granulosa cells. The adenyl cyclase system of granulosa cells becomes
      increasingly responsive to hCG stimulation during follicle development. Maximal
      adenyl cyclase activation by hCG (1 mug/ml) was 240, 750, and 7,000 molecules of
      cyclic AMP formed/sec/cell, respectively, for small, medium, and large follicle
      cell. The concentration of hCG giving half-maximal stimulation (1.0 X 10(-9)M)
      was similar for both large and medium follicle cells. It is concluded that: 1) an
      increase in hCG receptor sites per cell occurs during maturation of the porcine
      ovarian follicle without change of binding affinity, and 2) the increase in the
      number of hCG receptors correlates well with hCG-sensitive adenyl cyclase
      activity during follicle development.

PMID- 181241
TI  - Renin activity in dog brain: enzymological similarity to cathepsin D.
AB  - The distribution and biochemical properties of the renin activity present in the
      dog brain were compared with those of the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D. Renin and
      cathepsin activity were present in all brain regions studied, in association with
      high angiotensinase activity. Brain renin activity was partially purified by
      ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephadex gel filtration, resulting in the
      removal of angiotensinase activity. The specific brain renin activity increased
      approximately one hundred times during this procedure; cathepsin D activity
      accompanied the brain renin activity throughout the purification and showed a
      similar increase in specific activity. The renin and cathepsin activity in the
      partially purified preparation behaved identically during isoelectric focusing.
      The partially purified renin and cathepsin activity exhibited saturation kinetics
      with their respective substrates and were without activity above pH 6.0. Both
      enzyme activities were irreversibly inhibited by the pepsin inhibitor pepstatin,
      in nanomolar concentrations. These data, in conjunction with the literature
      concerning brain cathepsin, suggest that the renin activity in brain is due to
      cathepsin D, and that this renin activity exhibited by cathepsin D may be of
      limited significance under physiological conditions.

PMID- 181242
TI  - The effect of experimentally induced focal epilepsy on operant responding in the
      rat.
AB  - Dose-response studies were performed on freely moving rats bearing chronically
      implanted electrodes. The effects of intracortical injections of penicillin,
      bicuculline, and conjugated estrogens (Premarin) were determined on EEG activity
      and motor performance. Bicuculline in doses of 0.025 and 0.05% regularly produced
      spike and afterdischarge (AD) patterns of rapid onset (less than 10 sec,) brief
      duration (less than 20 min), and marked intensity. Lower doses had little or no
      effect. Premarin 1% and penicillin 100 international units produced spike and AD
      patterns of slower onset (5 min), longer duration (up to 2 hr), and mild
      intensity. Smaller doses generally produced no AD activity, whereas larger doses
      produced epileptic patterns severe enough to preclude their use in operant
      studies. Penicillin and Premarin both produced a significant decrease in operant
      response rate in animals trained to bar press on a FR 20 schedule. A marked
      variability was noted in the behavioral responses of individual rats to the
      disruptive effects of the epileptogens.

PMID- 181243
TI  - Biphasic effects of imipramine in experimental models of epilepsy.
AB  - In a variety of laboratory models of experimental epilepsy, imipramine exerts a
      biphasic action on the CNS as manifested by antiepileptic properties at low doses
      and convulsant effects at higher doses. In mice, imipramine (17.5-25 mg/kg, i.p.)
      blocks maximal electroshock seizures while exerting little or no effect on
      pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. In cats, imipramine (2.5-15 mg/kg, i.v.)
      reduces penicillin and estrogen-induced epileptiform discharge, shortens
      afterdischarge duration and elevates afterdischarge threshold. Higher doses in
      mice induce neurotoxicity, including clonic seizures. In cats, doses above 20
      mg/kg intensify chemically and electrically induced seizures and induce
      spontaneous epileptiform episodes. Such a biphasic action of imipramine may limit
      the drug's clinical utility as an antiepileptic agent and may provide an
      interesting tool for studies of catecholamines and brain excitability.

PMID- 181244
TI  - Silicosis in shipyard sandblasters.

PMID- 181245
TI  - Three major forms of adenylate kinase from adult and fetal rat tissues.
AB  - The major enzymatic forms of adenylate kinase have been purified to homogeneity
      from fetal liver and adult brain of the rat. The two enzymes differ with respect
      to isoelectric points, Km (ATP), Km (AMP), and Ka (citrate). Antibody to adult
      liver adenylate kinase does not inhibit either enzyme, while entibody to adult
      skeletal muscle enzyme inhibits the brain enzyme but not the fetal liver enzyme.
      It is therefore probable that there are three major forms of adenylate kinases in
      fetal and adult rat tissues.

PMID- 181246
TI  - Poly(A) hydrolase of chick-embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - 1. Homogenates of cultured chick embryo fibroblasts have been quantitatively
      fractionated by differential centrifugation. Using cytochrome c oxidase,
      succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase as
      marker enzymes, poly(A) hydrolase has been shown to be a mitochondrial enzyme. 2.
      To test the biosynthetic origin of mitochondrial poly(A) hydrolase and to
      demonstrate its cytoplasmic site of synthesis, we have treated the cells with
      ethidium bromide, inhibitor of mitochondrial transcription, and chloramphenicol
      and cycloheximide, inhibitors of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic translations
      respectively. The activity of poly(A) hydrolase has been compared to that of
      succinate dehydrogenase, an enzyme coded for by the nuclear genome and that of
      cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme coded for partly by the nuclear genome and partly
      by the mitochondrial genome. The results obtained indicate that in chick embryo
      fibroblasts poly(A) hydrolase is an enzyme coded for by the nuclear genome.
      Further, the hydrolase is synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes and has a half
      life much shorter than succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase.

PMID- 181247
TI  - Protein phosphorylation of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum in normal
      and neoplastic liver of the rat.
AB  - Smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum from rat liver and hepatomas exhibited
      endogenous protein kinase activity independent of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate.
      The phosphorylation of smooth membranes by this process was consistently higher
      than that of rough membranes. When histone was added along with the smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum, cyclic AMP stimulated protein phosphorylation. Analysis of
      membrane-phosphorylated proteins by gel electrophoresis showed 5 major
      phosphorylated bands with estimated molecular weights of 155 000, 62 000, 50 000,
      46 000 and 43 000, whereas major bands having estimated molecular weights of 62
      000, 50 000 and 43 000 were found in membranes of the smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum of the Morris hepatoma 5123 C. Since previous studies in this and other
      laboratories have demonstrated the similarity of the protein components of
      membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum of normal liver and hepatoma, our findings
      indicate an inability of the protein kinase of hepatoma intracellular membranes
      to phosphorylate protein species that are found in membranes of both liver and
      the neoplasm.

PMID- 181248
TI  - Nitrate reductase from Chlorella vulgaris. Reaction with manganese (III)
      pyrophosphate and with ferric o-phenanthroline.
AB  - Millimolar concentrations of tervalent manganese pyrophosphate can partially
      activate nitrate reductase which has been inactivated with NADH and HCN. The
      tervalent manganese complex is nevertheless not reduced by NADH in the presence
      of the enzyme, that is, it is not a substrate for the diaphorase moiety of the
      nitrate reductase. Ferric o-phenanthroline, on the other hand, is a good
      diaphorase substrate, but fails to activate the inactive enzyme.

PMID- 181249
TI  - Glycopeptides from bovine liver basement membrane and plasma membrane.
AB  - Proteolytic digests of liver plasma-cell membranes from the cow were fractionated
      to yield two homogeneous glycopeptides and a third preparation about 92% pure.
      The composition of the two homogeneous glycopeptides made it clear that they were
      derived from basement membrane material rather than the plasma membrane.
      Ruminants are unusual in having large amounts of basement membrane in the liver
      while other animals generally have little or none. Both basement-membrane-derived
      glycopeptides contained a glucosyl galactosyl disaccharide linked to
      hydroxylysine, the smaller one contained no other sugar structure but the larger
      one contained in addition an acidic heterosaccharide, the two chains probably
      being linked separately to the same molecule. Smith degradation and beta
      elimination operations show that this heterosaccharide has an inner structure
      containing mannose and hexosamine, with the sugars galactose, N-glycollyl
      neuraminic acid and fucose situated more peripherally. The amino-acid
      heterosaccharide linkage is alkali stable. The third glycopeptide, which may be
      plasma-membrane-derived, differs from the heterosaccharide described above in
      that it contains no glucose and contains some O-seryl and O-threonyl amino-acid-
      sugar linkage. It, too, has a periodate-resistant structure of hexosamine and
      mannose.

PMID- 181250
TI  - Spectroscopic investigation of binary and ternary coenzyme complexes of yeast
      alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - Corrected fluorescence properties of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and its coenzyme
      complexes have been investigated as a function of temperature. Dissociation
      constants have been obtained for binary and ternary complexes of NAD and NADH by
      following the enhancement of NADH fluorescence or the quenching of the protein
      fluorescence. It is found that the presence of pyrazole increases the affinity of
      NAD to the enzyme approximately 100-fold. The formation of the ternary enzyme -
      NAD - pyrazole complex is accompanied by a large change in the ultraviolet
      absorption properties, with a new band in the 290-nm region. Significant optical
      changes also accompany the formation of the ternary enzyme-NADH-acetamide
      complex. The possible origin for the quenching of the protein fluorescence upon
      coenzyme binding is discussed, and it is suggested that a coenzyme-induced
      conformational change can cause it. Thermodynamic parameters associated with NAD
      and NADH binding have been evaluated on the basis of the change of the
      dissociation constants with temperature. Optical and thermodynamic properties of
      binary and ternary complexes of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase are compared with the
      analogous properties of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 181251
TI  - NADH-dependent aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in rat liver mitochondrial outer
      membrane.
AB  - NADH-dependent 3,4-benzpyrene hydroxylase activity was detected in the purified
      mitochondrial outer membrane fraction from the livers of rats treated with 3
      methylcholanthrene. The specific activity in the outer membrane fraction is
      nearly equal to that of microsomes, a level too high to be accounted for only by
      the microsomal contamination. On the other hand, the NADPH-dependent 3,4
      benzpyrene hydroxylase activity in the outer membrane fraction is about 50% of
      that of microsomes. The ratio of the specific activity of NADPH- to NADH
      dependent 3,4-benzpyrene hydroxylase in microsomal fraction was about 3.5, while
      that of the outer membrane fraction was about 1.5. Moreover, it was found that
      NADH-dependent 3,4-benzpyrene hydroxylase activity in mitochondrial outer
      membrane from control rat liver was cyanide-insensitive, while that in microsomes
      was cyanide-sensitive. These results suggest the presence in the mitochondrial
      outer membrane fraction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity which uses as
      electron donor NADH nearly to the same extent as NADPH. The hydroxylase system is
      composed of cyanide-insensitive cytochrome P-450 and is inducible markedly by 3
      methylcholanthrene treatment. The probable electron transfer pathways in the
      mitochondrial outer membrane cytochrome P-450 oxidase system are discussed.

PMID- 181252
TI  - Limited proteolysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear uterine estradiol receptors yields
      identical estradiol-binding fragments.
AB  - Limited tryptic hydrolysis of the estradiol cytoplasmic receptor from calf uterus
      has been demonstrated to yield in a high-salt buffer a stable estradiol-binding
      molecule with the following characteristics: sedimentation coefficient 4.0 +/-
      0.1 S; Stokes radius 3.5 +/- 0.05 nm; molecular weight 60000 (for an assumed v
      value of 0.73 ml g-1) and frictional ratio 1.36. Nuclear KCl extracts, prepared
      from uteri preincubated at 37 degrees C with labeled estradiol, were analysed by
      Sephadex G-200 chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The
      following molecular parameters were found for the estradiol-receptor complex:
      sedimentation coefficient 4.4 +/- 0.1 S; Stokes radius 4.12 +/- 0.02 nm;
      molecular weight 77000 and frictional ratio 1.47 (v = 0.73 ml g-1). Limited
      tryptic proteolysis of this extract gave an estradiol-binding fragment with
      molecular characteristics identical to the trypsin-modified cytoplasmic receptor.
      In addition, mild tryptic digestion of whole labeled nuclei allowed us to
      solubilize almost quantitatively the nuclear [3H]estradiol in a macromolecular
      bound form. The molecule thus obtained showed molecular parameters very similar
      to the 60000-dalton trypsin fragments obtained from high-salt cytoplasmic and
      nuclear extracts. These molecules were undistinguishable by gel electrophoresis
      analysis at six different acrylamide concentrations. These results in conjunction
      with those derived from dissociation kinetics experiments and ligand specificity
      studies indicate the cytosolic protein is a functional part of the nuclear
      receptor. Based upon these and other studies we suggest that proteolytic cleavage
      of the estradiol-receptor complex, which results in the removal of the estradiol
      binding sites from the nuclear recognition sites of the molecule, could play a
      role in the inactivation of the estradiol receptor in vivo.

PMID- 181253
TI  - Carboxymethylated liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Transient kinetic studies and
      effect of substrate structure on alcohol oxidation.
AB  - 1. The rate constants for NADH binding and dissociation for carboxymethylated
      alcohol dehydrogenase have been determined and compared to those for the native
      enzyme. 2. Steady-state and transient kinetic experiments have shown that the
      hydrogen transfer step is rate-determining for oxidation of ethanol by
      carboxymethylated alcohol dehydrogenase. The rate constant of 0.19 s-1 is
      considerably slower than that for the native enzyme. 3. The steady-state
      parameter, V/[E], was obtained for each of a series of alcohols and correlated
      with the Taft sigma parameter. The linear relationship obtained indicates that
      the same step, hydrogen transfer, is rate-determining for all the alcohols. The
      sigma value obtained is the same as for the native enzyme; the implications of
      this for the mechanism of hydrogen transfer are discussed.

PMID- 181254
TI  - The influence of phenobarbital on carbohydrate metabolism in developing rat
      liver.
AB  - The influences of phenobarbital (PB) on enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism in
      rat liver are examined during pre- and postnatal development. The following
      results are obtained: (1) PB generally increases G-6-Pase before and after birth.
      (2) Both the active and the inactive forms of phosphorylase are increased
      significantly during the prenatal periods. During the postnatal periods, mainly
      the active form of phosphorylase is influenced by PB. (3) Total glycogen
      synthetase is increased by PB during prenatal development but decreased during
      postnatal development. (4) The activity of alpha-glucosidase is increased during
      the prenatal period. (5) The activity of F-6-PK and 6-PGDH are decreased during
      the prenatal periods and G-6-PDH activity is decreased during both pre- and
      postnatal periods.

PMID- 181255
TI  - Cardiac slowing and respiratory arrest in preterm infants.
AB  - Changes in respiration and heart rate during sleep states have been recorded by a
      polygraphic device in healthy preterm infants. Cardiac slowing/bradycardia often
      coincide with respiratory arrest/apnea. Bradycardia starts early during apneic
      spells. The incidence of respiratory arrest and cardiac slowing and their
      simultaneous occurrence is significantly increased by the active or REM sleep
      state. The physiologic, inhibitory mechanisms of active sleep suggest a
      neurogenic etiology of episodes of cardiac slowing/bradycardia and/or respiratory
      arrest/apnea in prematures.

PMID- 181256
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities in neurological diseases.
AB  - The current status of research into chromosomal abnormalities in neurological
      diseases is reviewed. The only possible association between chromosome aberration
      and neurological disorder is found in ataxia telangiectasia and in tumours of the
      nervous system. In the remaining diseases reviewed, no specific association was
      confirmed. This was expected to some extent, since the majority of these diseases
      (spinal muscular atrophies, muscular dystrophies, etc.) are due to single gene
      defects.

PMID- 181257
TI  - Hyperlipidemic neuropathy and dementia.
AB  - Mixed types of sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy and dementia occurred as
      neurological complications in patients with established type IV and type V
      hyperlipoproteinemia. These complications were remedial by control of the
      hyperlipoproteinemia with diet and/or clofibrate resulting in symptomatic
      improvement as well as restitution of nerve conduction velocities toward normal.
      Diabetes mellitus as well as systemic metabolic and toxic disorders which
      commonly produce neurological complications were excluded. Segmental
      demyelination with disorganization of myelin lamellae were striking morphological
      features found on sural nerve biopsy. Fluctuations in memory performance
      correlated inversely with plasma lipid levels and appear to be a characteristic
      feature of hyperlipidemic dementia. Hyperlipidemic neuropathy and dementia,
      although rare, are remediable neurological disorders which should be considered
      in patients with neuropathy and/or dementia of unknown origin.

PMID- 181258
TI  - Effects of intravenous phospholipid on low density lipoprotein turnover in man.
AB  - The mechanism of the rise in plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels
      following intravenous administration of a triglyceride-phospholipid emulsion
      (Intralipid) has been investigated by measuring LDL turnover in eight healthy
      subjects. The plasma half-life, and the absolute and fractional catabolic rates
      of LDL protein (apo-LDL) were unaffected by intragastric Intralipid, whereas apo
      LDL half-life was prolonged and its fractional catabolic rate was decreased by
      intravenous Intralipid. Similar changes were observed after intravenous
      administration of the egg phospholipid constituent of Intralipid. Accompanying
      increases in the oleate: linoleate ratio of both high and low density lipoprotein
      cholesterol esters were secondary to phospholipid exchange between infused and
      endogenous lecithin. These results suggest that the increased concentration of
      LDL in plasma following intravenous administration of egg phospholipid-containing
      emulsions was due, at least in part, to a decrease in the fractional catabolic
      rate of apo-LDL. The data further suggest a possible relationship between apo-LDL
      catabolism and the fatty acid composition of LDL.

PMID- 181259
TI  - Inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase activity after growth of Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 181260
TI  - Stimulation of cellular RNA synthesis in mouse-kidney cell cultures infected with
      SV40 virus.

PMID- 181261
TI  - The relative specificity of opsin kinase towards ATP and GTP and the lack of
      effect of cyclic nucleotides on the activity of the enzyme.

PMID- 181262
TI  - Norepinephrine depletion and responsiveness of norepinephrine-sensitive cyclic
      AMP generating systems in guinea pig brain.

PMID- 181263
TI  - Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from an extreme thermophile, Thermus
      aquaticus.

PMID- 181264
TI  - Oxygen induced transformation of the NADH-nitrate oxidoreductase from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus.

PMID- 181266
TI  - Hoplonemertine worms -- a new source of pyridine neurotoxins.
AB  - Two pyridine bases were isolated from the marine hoplonemertine Amphiporus
      angulatus (Fabricius) and identified by mass and PMR-spectroscopy as 2, 3'
      bipyridyl and 3, 2'; 3', 2"; 4", 3"'-tetrapyridyl (Nemertelline). Nemertelline,
      the first tetrapyridyl natural product to be reported, shows a structural
      resemblance to the tobacco constituent nicotelline. The crustacean toxicity of 2,
      3' -bipyridyl is very similar to that of nicotine, but its mammalian toxicity is
      negligible.

PMID- 181265
TI  - Hydrosoluble immunostimulants of bacterial and synthetic origins.
AB  - The role of whole Mycobacteria, mycobacterial cell walls and waxes D as
      immunostimulants was well established many years ago. More recently three
      different research groups have shown that hydrosoluble components from
      mycobacterial and other bacterial origins were as active as waxes D or cell walls
      and were free of many side-effects. Studies concerning the relationship between
      structure and activity were achieved which led to the description of a small
      biologically active fragment and to a first series of synthetic compounds.

PMID- 181267
TI  - The orthodox-paradoxical sleep cycle in the rat.
AB  - Under the postulated existence of a mechanism regulating the NREM sleep- REM
      sleep sequence and a reset of this mechanism by long awakenings, the variability
      of sleep cycle in the rat was studied. Awakenings of various durations were
      included in the definition of sleep cycle boundaries. Results show that an
      intervening awakening of 1 min is close to the limit under which the same cycle
      seems to be resumed after the awakening and above which the previous cycle is
      abortive and a new cycle will start after the next sleep onset.

PMID- 181269
TI  - Effects of taurine on the transmembrane ionic currents of rat and guinea pig
      ventricular fibres.
AB  - The effects of taurine on electrical properties of isolated myocardial
      ventricular fibres were studied in rat and guinea pig. The action potential
      amplitude was decreased in these species while the plateau and the repolarization
      phase were not altered. This suggests that simple inspection of the plateau phase
      is not sensitive enough to pick up changes in outward current since voltage clamp
      experiments showed that taurine decreased both potassium current and fast inward
      current. However, the slow inward calcium current remained unchanged with taurine
      in each species. These results suggest that the inotropic effects of taurine on
      rat and guinea pig heart contraction already described, were not due to
      modifications of the cell membrane permeability for calcium. It seems more
      reasonable to assume that the cardiac actions of this compound result from
      intracellular changes in calcium availability.

PMID- 181268
TI  - Altered brain cyclic AMP-responses in rats reared in enriched or impoverished
      environments.
AB  - The accumulation of radioactive cyclic AMP elicited by various neurohormones has
      been examined in adenine-labeled telencephalon slices from rats raised in
      enriched or impoverished environments. Basal levels of cyclic AMP and responses
      of the brain slice cyclic AMP-generating systems to norepinephrine, isoproterenol
      and adenosine did not differ between the two group of rats, while responses to
      prostaglandin E1 were significantly greater with the impoverished group and
      responses to histamine appeared to be greater with the enriched group.

PMID- 181270
TI  - The effect of egg phospholipid administration upon liver enzymic activities
      during ethionine treatment.
AB  - Female rats were injected subcutaneously with ethionine, and enzymic activities
      of liver membranes (Na+-k+-stimulated ATPase, Mg2+-stimulated ATPase, glucose-6
      phosphatase, NADPH: cytochrome c oxido-reductase and NAD-nucleosidase) examined
      at proper intervals, during the intraperitoneal treatment of an egg phospholipid
      preparation (EPL). It is shown that EPL is unable to overcome the enzymic changes
      due to severe ethionine treatment, but is able to facilitate the recovery times
      after drug withdrawal for all the enzymic activities, except for NAD
      nucleosidase. At lower dosage of the drug, the ethionine treatment is able to
      prevent the observed change of the glucose-6-phosphatase activity but not that of
      the Mg2+-ATPase. It is suggested that the EPL treatment may modify the chemical
      composition ahd/or architecture of liver membranes, altered by the ethionine
      injection, thus acting, at least partially, on the enzymic changes.

PMID- 181271
TI  - Comparison of the evolution of heme binding and NAD binding proteins.
AB  - Of the 85 three-dimensionally characterized residues of cytochrome b5, 51 are
      structurally and topologically equivalent to the globin fold. When these proteins
      have been superimposed, the heme irons are found to be less than 1.4 A separated
      and the heme normals are inclined by less than 9.5 degrees. Comparison of minimum
      base changes per codon between heme binding and NAD binding proteins are of the
      same order.

PMID- 181272
TI  - Do evolutionary changes in cytochrome c structure reflect functional adaptations?
AB  - Following the demonstration that the rate of evolutionary change in the amino
      acid sequences of cytochromes c of eukaryotic species was not constant either for
      a single line of phylogenetic descent during different evolutionary intervals or
      for separate lines of descent, the concept that neutral mutations account for the
      vast majority of the evolutionary variations could no longer be accepted.
      Previous studies had shown that all eukaryotic cytochromes c tested appeared to
      be functionally indistinguishable in their reaction with mitochondrial
      respiratory chain components. However, an examination of the kinetics at low
      ionic strength led to the discovery of a high affinity reaction of cytochrome c
      with cytochrome c oxidase that revealed large differences in activity between the
      cytochromes of the horse, baker's yeast and the protist Euglena. Observed Km
      values for this reaction of 10(-7) to 10(-8) M appear to represent actual
      dissociation constants, as demonstrated by direct binding studies of cytochrome c
      with purified cytochrome c oxidase. The high affinity reaction is sensitive to
      ionic strength and inhibited by ADP and ATP in the range of physiological
      concentrations, ATP being three times as effective as ADP. The possibility is
      discussed that this effect of ATP on cytochrome c binding to its oxidase could
      provide the basis of a mechanism for mitochondrial respiratory control. The
      demonstration of differences between cytochrome c of various species in this
      kinetic system opens the way to a systematic study of the possible evolutionary
      adaptations of cytochromes c to their oxidases.

PMID- 181273
TI  - The origin and evolution of protein superfamilies.
AB  - The organization of proteins into superfamilies based primarily on their
      sequences is introduced: examples are given of the methods used to cluster the
      related sequences and to elucidate the evolutionary history of the corresponding
      genes within each superfamily. Within the framework of this organization, the
      amount of sequence information currently and potentially available in all living
      forms can be discussed. The 116 superfamilies already sampled reflect possibly
      10% of the total number. There are related proteins from many species in all of
      these superfamilies, suggesting that the origin of a new superfamily is rare
      indeed. The proteins so far sequenced are so rigorously conserved by the
      evolutionary process that we would expect to recognize as related descendants of
      any protein found in the ancestral vertebrate. The evolutionary history of the
      thyrotropin-gonadotropin beta chain superfamily is discussed in detail as an
      example. Some proteins are so constrained in structure that related forms can be
      recognized in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Evolution in these superfamilies can be
      traced back close to the origin of life itself. From the evolutionary tree of the
      c-type cytochromes the identity of the prokaryote types involved in the symbiotic
      origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts begins to emerge.

PMID- 181274
TI  - Analysis of malignancy and antigen expression by cell fusion.

PMID- 181275
TI  - [Viscosity and thixotrophy of esilon-aerosil base as indices of its quality].

PMID- 181276
TI  - The mechanism of action of the copper intrauterine device.
AB  - The effects of copper ions on the binding of steroids to receptors revealed that
      the inhibitory effect of Cu++ was apparent at 10(-6)M, ANd the binding capacities
      decreased to 10% at 10(-2)M Cu++. The kinetic study demonstrated that Cu++ was a
      competitive inhibitor of steroid hormone-receptor binding (Ki divided by 2.7 X
      10(-5)M to estrogen receptor; Ki divided by 5.1 X 10(-6)M to progesterone
      receptor). These results indicate that copper ions interfere at the steroid
      binding site of receptor and that progesterone receptor is more affected by
      copper ions than is estrogen receptor. The sedimentation pattern showed the
      dissociation and aggregation of receptor macromolecules by copper. These
      phenomena may indicate the biologic inactivation of receptor. In fact,
      morphologically, progestational proliferation was severely inhibited and
      estrogenic action seemed to be inhibited. The Timm stain showed copper uptake by
      endometrial epithelium and superficial stromata. The copper content apparently
      increased in the cytoplasm of uteri bearing a copper intrauterine device,
      compared with controls. In vivo, the concentration of cytoplasmic copper was
      approximately 1.4 X 10(-6)M, which was obviously inhibitory to steroid hormone
      receptor interaction. However, complete morphologic suppression of the
      progestational effect by copper cannot exclude the coexistence of some other
      mechanism in these phenomena.

PMID- 181277
TI  - Gonadotropin binding sites in human postmenopausal ovaries.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and gonadotropin binding sites
      were localized within seven postmenopausal ovaries. G6PD was localized in the
      cells of cortical stroma and hilus using a histochemical technique for the
      reduction of the tetrazolium salt, Nitro-Blue tetrazolium. Gonadotropin binding
      sites were localized by autoradiography following incubation of ovarian sections
      with (125I-hLH) and 125I-labeled follicle-stimulating hormone (125I-hFSH) were
      identified in the cortical stroma and hilus cells. Since these cells contain G6PD
      and other enzymes necessary for steroidogenesis and also have the capacity to
      bind both hLH and hFSH, steroidogenesis in postmenopausal ovaries appears to be
      controlled by circulating gonadotropins. Blood vessels within postmenopausal
      ovaries also bound both gonadotropins, but 125I-hFSH binding was often more
      intense than 125I-hLH binding.

PMID- 181278
TI  - Blood platelet lysosomes and their contribution to the pathophysiological role of
      platelets.

PMID- 181280
TI  - Lysosomes of the arterial wall.

PMID- 181279
TI  - Lysosomal function in nucleocytoplasmic communication.

PMID- 181281
TI  - [Investigations of the morphology and the function of human Sertoli cells
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Ultrastructurally and enzyme histochemically two types of activities of Sertoli
      cells are to be proved. By means of closest membrane contact and intensive
      energetic changes of substances, the active cells participate largely in the
      ripening of spermatozoa. Steroid biosynthesis in Sertoli cells is possible
      according to their pattern of organelles and enzymes. The ultrastructure of
      Charcot-Bottcher's crystalloids and the other characteristic inclusions in the
      cytoplasma of the Sertoli cells as well as implications to their function are
      described.

PMID- 181283
TI  - Different effects of cycloheximide and chloramphenicol on corticosterone
      production by isolated rat adrenal cells.
AB  - Cycloheximide and chloramphenicol both inhibit the stimulating effect of
      adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on adrenal steroid production. To test whether
      these inhibitors had andy effect on adrenal steroid production, independent
      fromthe mechanism of action of ACTH we investigated their effect on the
      conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol into corticosterone in isolated rat adrenal
      cells. Cycloheximide, both in the absence and in the presence of ACTH, had no
      effect on this conversion. Chloramphenicol inhibited the conversion of 25
      hydroxycholesterol into corticosterone whether ACTH has no direct efeect on the
      cholesterol side-chain cleaving system. The inhibition by chloramphenicol of the
      ACTH-stimulated steroid production is at least partly due to inhibition of one or
      more of the processes involved in the conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol into
      corticosterone.

PMID- 181282
TI  - Morphological and biochemical changes in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and
      golgi apparatus of male Xenopus laevis after induction of egg-yolk protein
      synthesis by oestradiol-17 beta.
AB  - This report describes morphological and biochemical changes accompanying
      oestrogen induced synthesis of the egg-yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin, in
      male Xenopus liver. Extensive proliferation of the rough and smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum and the Golgi apparatus occurs between 3 and 9 days after
      administration of oestradiol-17 beta. Subcellular fractionation showed that
      microsomal fractions have an increased number of ribosomes available for protein
      synthesis, hormone treatment enhances the in vitro protein synthetic capacity per
      unit of RNA; both in microsome and ribosome preparations. Polypeptides
      synthesized in vitro by ribosome preparations show an enrichment in serine
      content after hormone treatment and an increased proportion of ribosomes can be
      immunoprecipitated by antibodies directed against vitellogenin. Our data are
      consistent with the proposal that vitellogenin is synthesized on the ribosomes of
      the rough endoplasmic reticulum and processed and packaged for secretion in the
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Response to hormonal induction
      of vitellogenin involves an early phase in which membrane proliferation occurs in
      order to increase the cellular capacity to synthesize, process and secrete large
      quantities of egg-yolk protein precursor.

PMID- 181284
TI  - Letter: Cyclic GMP in pure human pancreatic juice.

PMID- 181285
TI  - Cryoprotein complexes and peripheral neuropathy in a patient with chronic active
      hepatitis.
AB  - A cryoprotein complex was isolated and characterized from a patient with chronic
      active hepatitis and a severe peripheral neuropathy. This cryoprotein was
      composed of IgM, IgG, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and had a
      concentration of approximately 36 mg per 100 ml of serum. Electron microscopic
      examination of the cryoprotein demonstrated aggregates of Dane particles in close
      association with the antigenically related tubular and spherical forms of HBsAg.
      HBsAg, IgM, and IgG were detected by immunofluorescent staining in the intima of
      small arteries and veins. The association of a high serum level of cryoprotein
      and deposition of the cryoprotein components in small blood vessels suggests a
      role for the cryoprotein in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy in this
      patient with chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 181286
TI  - Hepatitis in an adult caused by Herpes simplex virus type I.
AB  - Disseminated infection caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I is described
      in a previously healthy adult. The clinical course was characterized by
      progressive hepatic failure, fever, hypotension, atypical lymphocytosis, and
      disseminated intravascular coagulation. No skin lesions were present and the
      causal agent was not suspended premortem; however, HSV-I was isolated from
      autopsy liver, and characteristic histopathological lesions of herpes infection
      were observed in liver and esophagus.

PMID- 181287
TI  - [The ultrastructure of four categories of pars distalis cells of Nectophrynoides
      occidentalis Angel (Amphibia, Anoura Vivipara)].

PMID- 181288
TI  - Regulation of the aldosterone secretion in the frog Rana esculenta L.

PMID- 181289
TI  - [Effect of study load on the bodies of first-grade students at various levels of
      development].

PMID- 181290
TI  - [Isolated and combined effect of small concentrations of hydrogen fluoride and
      sulfur dioxide under the conditions of chronic experiment].

PMID- 181292
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the effect of industrial noise and vibration on the
      workers in the molding shops of precast concrete plants].

PMID- 181291
TI  - [Luteoma of pregnancy. Review of the literature and report of the 1st case in
      Mexico].

PMID- 181293
TI  - [Characteristics of the stimulus conduction velocity along the peripheral nerve
      fibers in vibration disease patients].

PMID- 181294
TI  - Electron microscopy and cytochemistry of the bone marrow in acute promyelocytic
      leukaemia.

PMID- 181295
TI  - Current problems on murine RNA type C viruses and their implications for studies
      on putative human leukemia viruses.

PMID- 181296
TI  - Syndactyly and split hand.
AB  - Careful analysis of clinical and radiological features of both webbing of normal
      fingers and typical split hand, suggests that these two types of malformations
      should not be classified separately. Study of human embryos and experimental
      malformations of the apical ectodermal ridge, supplies a resonable explanation
      for the close relation between webbing of normal fingers and typical split hand.

PMID- 181298
TI  - Cytostatic treatment of polycythaemia rubra vera. Comparison of the effects of
      some cytostatics in 100 patients in a period of five years.
AB  - Experience with cytostatic treatment performed in patients with polycythaemia
      rubra vera is reviewed. The effectivity and side effects of the drugs applied are
      evaluated. Mannosulfan and mitobromitol were the drugs most sutiable for
      treatment. In certain special cases, 5-hydroxyurea was also satisfactory, while
      mitolactol was the least suitable.

PMID- 181297
TI  - Corticosteroid effect on eosinophils in vitro: ultrastructural studies.
AB  - The effect of corticosteroids, ultracortene and ACTH, on the eosinophilic cells
      of a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome has been studied in vitro. Both
      drugs caused a marked decrease in the number of specific granules, a
      disappearance of their surrounding membrane and an almost complete destruction of
      their crystals. In addition, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, swelling of the
      mitochondria and distortion of their cristae were found. Incubation of the
      eosinophils with the antihistaminic drug mepyramine, did not produce
      ultrastructural alterations.

PMID- 181299
TI  - Biochemical characterization and visualization of plasma membrane-DNA-protein
      complexes from Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - Subcellular fractions containing plasma membranes with bound DNA and associated
      proteins were isolated from two different cultures of Bacillus subtilis 168
      growing exponentially at different rates. Differences in the contents of
      individual between the dissociated complexes, established electrophoretically,
      can be explained by dynamic binding of the proteins to DNA, resulting in a
      control of DNA, resulting in a control of DNA replication. Electron
      microphotographs of isolated complexes display, in addition to unit membranes,
      associated filamentous structures in different arragement. Patterns obtained
      after treating the complexes with nucleases suggest a polydeoxyribonucleotide
      character of the filamentous structures.

PMID- 181300
TI  - [Virus infections of the respiratory tract of dogs].
AB  - Canine respiratory infections are reviewed with special reference to those caused
      by agents, other than distemper and canine infectious hepatitis viruses, but
      producing, both naturally and experimentally, the so-called distemper-like
      syndromes. The existence of canine infections caused by Adeno-Herpes-,Reo-, and
      Paramyxoviruses is reported, and for each of these agents the physicochemical
      characteristics, pathogenicity for dogs and other animal species, incidence and
      methods of dissemination are described. As regrads the prophylaxis of the
      individual infections that appear particularly widespread in kennels, the
      possible availability in the short or long term of immunizing preparations is
      indicated, along with the basic measures of hygiene for their control. The
      availability of immunizing preparations depends, firstly, on a more exact
      knowledge of the aetiological agents involved in canine respiratory conditions,
      and secondly, on a precise determination of the mechanisms by which the immune
      reactions are elicited. It is, however, obvious that the incidence of respiratory
      infections could be substantially reduced by the application of all the hygienic
      measures that can ensure a high environmental standard for the animals.

PMID- 181301
TI  - Experimental studies of cryoimmunotherapy of cancers.

PMID- 181302
TI  - Studies on the pituitary "fettstoffwechselhormon". VI. Preparation of two highly
      purified lipolytic active peptides from hog pituitary glands.
AB  - The preparation of two highly purified lipolytically active hog pituitary
      peptides, called P-LF II C and P-LF II D is described. The two peptides are free
      of other pituitary hormone activities. In isolated rat and porcine adipose
      tissue, both fractions are lipolytically much more active than every other
      lipolytic active pituitary peptide described to date. By fraction P-LF II D, the
      first pituitary peptide was isolated which has lipolytic activity in isolated rat
      adipose tissue than corticotropin, the lipolytically most active pituitary
      hormone known so far. On isolated porcine adipose tissue, fraction P-LF II D as
      well as P-LF II C showed without doubt higher activity than corticotropin.

PMID- 181303
TI  - The effects of estradiol administration of the hepatic activities of some enzymes
      of carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolism in the immature pullet.
AB  - Two experiments were performed to examine the effects of intramuscular estradiol
      administration on the hepatic specific activities of some enzymes of lipid,
      carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in the immature fowl. Estradiol increased
      the specific activities of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes, ATP citrate lyase and
      malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP), but had no effects on the
      activities of the glycolytic, gluconeogenic and amino acid metabolising enzymes
      except for pyruvate kinase and glutamate dehydrogenase which were reduced in
      activity in both experiments. The results indicate that the estrogen-induced
      increase in hepatic lipid biosynthesis is due to a specific effect on lipid
      metabolism and not to a general increase in liver metabolism.

PMID- 181304
TI  - Demonstration that cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate mediates the lipolytic
      action of parathyroid hormone.
AB  - Studies were carried out with rat epididymal fat pads first to compare the
      effects of the synthetic N-terminal 1-34 peptide of bovine parathyroid hormone
      and of the native hormone to determine whether this portion of the molecule is
      responsible for the lipolytic action of the hormone and second to determine
      whether this biologic action of parathyroid hormone is mediated by cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. The N-terminal polypeptide was as effective as the
      native hormone in stimulating lipolysis in the concentration range between 10(-8)
      M and 10(-6) M. Parathyroid hormone stimulated lipolysis by isolated fat cells.
      The concentration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the fat pads was
      significantly increased by the hormone (10(-6)M). Lipolytic stimulation by
      parathyroid hormone (10(-6)M) was diminished by insulin (100 muU/ml) and
      prostaglandin E1 (1 mug/ml), both of which are known inhibitors of lipolysis. The
      findings indicate that the amino-terminal 1-34 peptide portion of parathyroid
      hormone is responsible for the lipolytic action and that this effect is mediated
      through cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.

PMID- 181305
TI  - The role of calcium ion in epinephrine activation of lipolysis.
AB  - Adipocytes were prepared by collagenase digestion of rat epididymal adipose
      tissue and incubated for 5, 15 or 30 minutes in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer
      containing albumin (40 mg/ml), glucose (1 mg/ml) and epinephrine. Calcium ion was
      present in some incubations at concentration of 2.5 mM and omitted from others;
      media with no added calcium contained 1.0 mM EGTA thereby producing a final
      calcium concentration of less than 10(-7) M. Glycerol release and accumulation of
      cyclic AMP were measured. Basal lipolysis and cell cyclic AMP levels were
      increased slightly but not significantly when adipocytes were incubated in
      calcium free media. Lipolysis could be activated with epinephrine in the absence
      of calcium but the sensitivity of the lipolytic response was greatly reduced;
      however, the maximum lipolytic response to epinephrine was not decreased in
      calcium free media. Similarly, incubation of adipocytes in calcium free media
      resulted in decreased accumulation of cyclic AMP in response to epinephrine but
      only when sub-maximum concentrations of the catecholamine were present. Varying
      the extracellular calcium concentration showed that a concentration of at least
      10(-5) M was optimal for epinephrine activation of lipolysis. These observations
      are considered in accord with the view that activation of adenylate cyclase is
      facilitated by calcium ion.

PMID- 181306
TI  - Cyclic AMP level of human thyroid cells in monolayer culture. TSH induced
      refractoriness to TSH action.
AB  - Thyroid cells from euthyroid patients with Graves' disease were cultured in a
      chemically defined medium. The cells preserved the ability to respond to TSH with
      8-fold increase in cyclic AMP concentration. This cyclic AMP response to TSH was
      diminished by prior exposure of cells to TSH. The decrease in cyclic AMP response
      to TSH induced to TSH was reversible, was not associated with a similar decrease
      to cyclic AMP response to PGE1, and could not be attributed to increased
      phosphodiesterase activity or to decreased adenyl cyclase activity. The partial
      resistence to TSH stimulation of thyroid cells previously exposed to TSH may be
      due to changes in the TSH receptor, possibly caused by TSH itself.

PMID- 181308
TI  - Time sequence of 3',5'-cyclic AMP accumulation and ultrastructural changes in dog
      thyroid slices after acute stimulation by TSH.

PMID- 181307
TI  - The different modes of action of thyrotropin and prostaglandin E1 on cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate synthesis in human thyroid, as studied by
      sequential stimulations.
AB  - PGE1 was equally effective in increasing 3H-cyclic AMP in normal and in toxic
      thyroids, whereas TSH was less effective but over a longer time in the toxic
      thyroids. Stimulation by a large second dose of TSH could not be elicited after
      prior stimulation by large doses of TSH. Similar results were obtained with
      regard to the effect of PGE1. However, stimulation by a large dose of PGE1 was
      still effective after the slices became refractory to TSH. Similarly, stimulation
      by a large dose of TSH was still effective after the slices became refractory to
      PGE1. It is suggested that the site and/or mode of action of TSH is quite
      different from that of PGE1.

PMID- 181309
TI  - Pituitary and extrapituitary effects of somatostatin in normal man.
AB  - The effects of synthetic linear somatostatin on basal circulating levels on
      several pituitary and pancreatic hormones, and of glucose and free fatty acids
      (FFA) were studied in 6 normal men after an overnight fast. A priming intravenous
      infusion of 250 mug of somatostatin in 18 sec was followed by a constant infusion
      of 500 mug over a period of 60 min. A decrease in plasma values of GH, prolactin,
      TSH, insulin and glucagon and in blood glucose was observed during somatostatin
      infusion, while FFA levels increased progressively. Plasma IRI and blood glucose
      increased rapidly when the somatostatin infusion was stopped, while FFA decreased
      progressively; GH, prolactin, TSH and glucagon remained low as compared to basal
      levels for one hour after the end of the infusion, i.e. until the end of the
      experiment. A slight but significant increase of LH and ACTH was observed after
      the end of the infusion.

PMID- 181310
TI  - Proceedings: Regulation of androgen synthesis in the human adrenal gland in vivo
      and in vitro.

PMID- 181311
TI  - Proceedings: Multiple steroid immunoassay in the study of the role of oestrogens
      in the human adrenarche.

PMID- 181312
TI  - Proceedings: Maturation of the adrenal androgen secretion during puberty.

PMID- 181313
TI  - Proceedings: Relationship between ACTH variations during the menstrual cycle and
      the adrenal androgen variations.

PMID- 181314
TI  - Proceedings: Plasma oestrogens under basal conditions, and after stimulation and
      suppression of the adrenal gland.

PMID- 181315
TI  - Proceedings: Androgens in human postmenopausal breast cancer.

PMID- 181316
TI  - Proceedings: Interaction of androgens with the oestrogen receptor in human
      myometrial and in mammary cancer tissue.

PMID- 181317
TI  - Variation of several erythrocyte enzymes in the Dayaks of Sarawak.
AB  - The Land and Sea Dayaks of Sarawak were surveyed for several erythrocyte enzymes.
      The gene frequency of 6PGDC in 132 Land Dayaks and 127 Sea Dayaks were 0.045 and
      0.047, respectively. The gene frequency of PGM1-1 IN 285 Land Dayks and 240 Sea
      Dayaks were 0.716 and 0.779, respectively. The ADA2 gene frequency in 283 Land
      Dayaks and 188 Sea Dayaks were 0.154 and 0.090. ADA 5-1 was found once in the
      Land Dayaks and once in the Sea Dayaks. AK 2-1 was found once in 221 Sea Dayaks
      but not in any of 270 Land Dayaks. No PHI, LDH or CA variants were found among
      the Land or Sea Dayaks.

PMID- 181318
TI  - The formation of histotypic structures from monodisperse fetal rat lung cells
      cultured on a three-dimensional substrate.
AB  - Enzymatically dissociated lungs from rat fetuses at 19-days gestation yield
      single cells which reaggregate to form alveolar-like structures when cultured on
      gelatin sponge discs. These structures form within 2 days and have been
      maintained in vitro for as long as 6 weeks. They are composed primarily of type
      II pneumonocytes as characterized by large, lightly stained nuclei and
      cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The lamellar structure of these inclusion bodies
      has been confirmed by electron microscopy. The dynamic formation of inclusion
      bodies is suggested by the presence of lamellar bodies in the extra-cellular
      space and the appearance of new inclusions in the cytoplasm of the type II
      pneumonocytes. The formation and long-term maintenance of histotypic lung
      structures in vitro provides a model system for the study of lung development and
      synthesis of surfactant by type II alveolar pneumonocytes.

PMID- 181319
TI  - Suggestive evidence for both stimulatory and inhibitory domains on human
      lymphocytes, as indicated by phospholipid turnover studies with wheat germ
      agglutinin and other lectins.
AB  - Short term effects (1 hours or less) of various lectins on phospholipid turnover
      in human lymphocytes were studied. As expected, concanvalin A and
      phytohemagglutinin produced 1,5-4.0 fold increases in incorporation of 32PO4
      radioactivity into phospholipids (primarily phosphatidylinositol). Wheat germ
      agglutinin, a nonmitogenic lectin, not only failed to produce a response but
      actually inhibited phospholipid turnover, both in the presence and absence of PHA
      or con A. Since wheat germ agglutinin did not appear to be cytotoxic, as defined
      by a failure to see changes in vital dye uptake, and other evidence from our
      laboratory indicates that this lectin also inhibits aminisobutyric acid transport
      and DNA synthesis in human lymphocytes we would tentatively interpret its
      negative action as indicating the existence of specific inhibitory domains on the
      cell surface.

PMID- 181320
TI  - Low density lipoprotein levels in children with nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 181321
TI  - Cryptophthalmos-syndactyly syndrome case report.

PMID- 181322
TI  - Immunological and biochemical studies of meningococcal C polysaccharides isolated
      by diethylaminoethyl chromatography.
AB  - Meningococcal C polysaccharides isolated from the broth supernatant of C1+ and C1
      strains by a combination of Sepharose 4B and diethylaminoethyl-52 chromatography
      are antigenically identical to the group C antigen isolated by the Cetavlon
      procedure. Immunizations result in the induction of precipitating,
      hemagglutinating, and bactericidal antibodies in rabbits and sheep and
      hemagglutinating and bactericidal antibodies in rabbits and sheep and
      hemagglutinating and bactericidal antibodies in gerbils. Selective destruction of
      C1- polysaccharides with neuraminidase has demonstrated that these antibodies are
      directed against the C polysaccharide. Neuraminidase digestions of the C1-
      polysaccharides resulted in release of up to 84% of the antigen as N
      acetylneuraminic acid. C1+ polysaccharides proved to be more resistant to
      neuraminidase, requiring greater concentrations of enzyme and longer intervals of
      exposure for digestion. Chemical analysis of the C1+ and C1- polysaccharides
      indicated that they contain less than 0.5% protein and less than 0.5% nucleic
      acid.

PMID- 181323
TI  - Thermal inactivation of rabies and other rhabdoviruses: stabilization by the
      chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at physiological temperatures.
AB  - Thermal inactivation of rabies and several other rhabdoviruses was studied using
      virus suspended in several different diluents. Rabies serogroup viruses were more
      stable than Kern Canyon or vesicular stomatitis viruses. Limited studies of two
      fish rhabdoviruses requiring low temperatures (less than 33 C) for replication
      indicated that they were not markedly more thermolabile than rabies virus. Bovine
      serum protein components in complex cell culture media stabilized virus at 56 C,
      but at temperatures of less than or equal to 37 C, sodium tris (hydroxymethyl)
      aminomethane (NT) buffer containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (NTE)
      was a much more efficient stabilizer of virus infectivity. Chelating agents EDTA
      and ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)tetraacetic acid were equally
      efficient in protection of rabies virus infectivity; the effect of each was lost
      when excess Ca2+ was added. Bovine serum in NT or NTE buffers produced a
      thermostabilizing effect at 37 C not provided by the same serum concentration in
      complex cell culture media. Bovine serum was more efficient than EDTA in
      stabilizing virus infectivity during repeated cycles of freezing and thawing.

PMID- 181324
TI  - Effect of passive antibody on parainfluenza virus type 3 pneumonia in hamsters.
AB  - Both parainfluenza virus type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus may produce life
      threatening pneumonia or bronchiolitis in infants less than 6 months old. Almost
      all infants in this age group possess passively acquired maternal antibodies to
      both viruses. It has been suggested that maternal antibodies may actually
      participate in the pathogenesis of these diseases in early infancy. This
      investigation examined the effect of moderate levels of passive antibody on the
      development of pneumonia in hamsters infected intranasally with parainfluenza
      virus type 3. The pneumonitis produced in this model was not enhanced by the
      presence of moderate levels of serum antibody to this virus. Furthermore,
      reinfection after an initial "sensitizing" infection under the cover of passive
      antibody did not result in a more severe pneumonitis. These studies do not
      support either of the two hypotheses that have been advanced to explain the
      pathogenesis of infections with respiratory syncytial virus in early infancy.

PMID- 181325
TI  - Stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation by killed mycobacteria and other
      bacterial species.
AB  - Killed mycobacteria and some mycobacterial fractions induced spleen cells from
      normal C3H mice to incorporate tritiated thymidine to a relatively high degree.
      Thymocytes under the same conditions were not activated. However, incorporation
      of thymidine was significantly increased when mixtures of thymus and spleen cells
      were cultured in the presence of the inducers. A similar activation of spleen
      cells was displayed in the presence of gram-positive and gram-negative non
      mycobacterial species.

PMID- 181326
TI  - Influence of feed on onset of disease in subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy virus
      infected mice.
AB  - An enriched feed, specially prepared to affect reproduction of mice,
      significantly suppressed the onset of disease in subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy
      virus-infected mice, whereas low-calorie feed enhanced the incidence of disease.

PMID- 181327
TI  - Rescue of vesicular stomatitis virus from homologous and heterologous interferon
      induced resistance in human cell cultures by poxviruses.
AB  - In human cell cultures the ability of poxviruses to rescue vesicular stomatitis
      virus from human interferon-induced resistance was significantly more efficient
      than the ability to rescue it from simian interferon-induced resistance. The
      sensitivity of the poxvirus to interferon was not related to its ability to
      rescue vesicular stomatitis virus.

PMID- 181328
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation and interferon production in human mononuclear cell
      microcultures for assay of cellular immunity to herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Interferon production and transformation in response to herpes simplex virus
      antigen were studied in microcultures of human mononuclear cells. Mononuclear
      cells consisting of monocytes and both T and B lymphocytes were purified by
      Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. Lymphocytes, predominantly T with 5% B, were obtained
      by passage of buffy-coat cells through nylon fiber columns. For some experiments,
      autochthonous macrophages and column-purified lymphocytes were stimulated with
      herpesvirus antigen. The effect of specific antibody and cell concentration on
      reactivity is described. Crude and purified antigens were compared as cell
      culture stimulants. Significant differences in transformation and interferon were
      observed between donors with a history of herpes labialis and donors with no
      detectable antibody, both in cultures prepared by Ficoll-Hypaque gradients and by
      column purification of lymphocytes. Cultures from seronegative donors prepared by
      Ficoll-Hypaque gradients produced interferon but did not transform when
      stimulated by herpes simplex antigen. "Immune" interferon production, that is,
      type II as opposed to type I, occurred only with autochthonous macrophage and
      column-purified lymphocyte cultures. Interferon produced by Ficoll-Hypaque
      purified mononuclear cultures was type I, and its production was unrelated to
      immune status. Similarly, column-purified lymphocytes responded to herpes simplex
      virus antigen with type I interferon if obtained from a seropositive donor.

PMID- 181329
TI  - Severe hemorrhagic varicella with visceral involvement: virological and
      serological studies during treatment with cytosine arabinoside.
AB  - A boy 13 year-old suffered an extremely severe and prolonged attack of
      hemorrhagic chickenpox with visceral involvement, the diagnosis being confirmed
      by isolation of varicella-zoster-virus (VZV). There was no other compromising
      disease. All preceding vaccinations including two against smallpox had been
      uneventful. The severity of the attack could not be ascribed to any persistent
      cellular or humoral immunodeficiency. The patient developed a good antibody
      response. The course of serological reactions to VZV infection was studied
      extensively using the different techniques of complement fixation and
      immunofluorescence for IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies. Therapy was conducted
      cautiously using cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) between the 10th and 17th day of
      disease; the temperature fell and VZV multiplication ceased, strongly suggesting
      a beneficial influence on the patient, who recovered completely.

PMID- 181330
TI  - Surface markers on human B and T-lymphocytes. IX. Two-color immunofluorescence
      studies on the association between ebv receptors and complement receptors on the
      surface of lymphoid cell lines.
AB  - Receptors for the third component of complement (C3) were demonstrated on the
      surface of established human lymphoid cell lines by a membrane fluorescence test
      with FITC- or TRITC-conjugated antibodies against human C3. Two-color
      fluorescence staining of EBV receptors and C3 receptors showed complete
      overlapping of green and red fluorescence. Capping of the EBV receptor induced co
      capping of the C3 receptor and vice versa. There was neither overlapping nor co
      capping when EBV or C3 receptors were examined in relation to Fc receptors,
      surface IgM or beta2 microglobulin. The kinetic pattern of EBV receptor capping
      was identical with the pattern of C3 receptor capping but differed from the
      pattern of IgM capping. These results suggest a close association between EBV and
      C3 receptors on the human B-lymphocyte.

PMID- 181331
TI  - Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in American Burkitt's lymphoma.
AB  - Twenty American patients with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) were studied serologically
      and biochemically to detect an association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A wide
      range of antibody reactivities was encountered. Five patients had serological
      profiles similar to those of African patients with BL: one and possibly two of
      these patients harbored EBV-DNA in their tumors. Fifteen patients had low or
      absent antibody to EBV: tumors from 10 of these patients lacked evidence of EBV
      DNA. An unexplained association between elevated antibody (greater than or equal
      to 1:80) to EBV virus capsid antigen (VCA) and a favorable prognosis was noted in
      this series; this prognostic observation requires further substantiation. Thus,
      it appears that EBV-associated BL is inversely proportional to tumor endemicity.
      An etiological role for EBV in BL remains speculative.

PMID- 181332
TI  - Phenotypic mixing of vesicular stomatitis virus and D-type oncornavirus.
AB  - After mixed infection of cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV, thermolabile
      mutant tl 17) and oncornavirus type D, phenotypically mixed virions are formed
      containing the VSV genome and oncornavirus and VSV envelope. The virions are
      thermostable and have serologic characteristics of both viruses.

PMID- 181333
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus: experimental infection of Callithrix jacchus marmosets.
AB  - Eight common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) were inoculated with about
      10(4) transforming units of B95-8 virus; seven of the marmosets died 50-111 days
      post inoculation and all seven showed microscopic and/or macroscopic lesions
      compatible with a diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease. Low levels of anti
      VCA antibodies were detected in plasma from six marmosets. Attempts failed to
      establish continuous EBV-carrying lymphoblastoid cell cultures by cultivation in
      vitro of circulating lymphocytes or minced lymphoid tissues obtained at necropsy.

PMID- 181334
TI  - A biochemical approach to the study of the transmission of mouse mammary tumor
      viruses in mouse strains RIII and C3H.
AB  - Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) proviral sequences were detected in the cellular
      DNA of mammary tumors and livers of RIII and C3H mice by molecular hybridization
      with radioactively labelled MMTV 60-70S RNA or tritiated MMTV complementary DNA
      (cDNA). By means of DNA:DNA reassociation kinetics, the DNA of the mammary tumor
      cells of these two mouse strains were found to contain more MMTV proviral
      sequences than the DNA of liver cells of these same tumor-bearing mice. Evidence
      is also presented that the DNA of the liver cells lacks a part (approximately
      25%) of the MMTV proviral sequences found in the mammary tumor cells of these
      mouse strains. The relationship of the extra MMTV proviral sequences found in
      mammary tumor cells to the early mammary tumor-igenesis seen in these mouse
      strains is discussed.

PMID- 181335
TI  - Anti-EBV antibody titers in non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
AB  - Antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related antigens, i.e. viral capsid
      antigen (VCA), the D and R components of the early antigen (EA) complex and the
      EBV-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA), were determined in a series of 86 patients
      with non-Hodgkin lymphomas and in 150 matched control subjects. The lymphoma
      patients belonged to four histological groups: diffuse, nodular, hyperbasophilic
      malignant lymphoma (HML) and unclassified. The EBV-related serological data were
      compared to the incidence of antibodies to other herpes viruses, i.e.
      cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus
      (VZV), and correlated with immune disorders, which are particularly frequent in
      the HML type of lymphoma. The results revealed a significantly higher incidence
      of anti-EA-D titers in lymphoma patients and slight but significant increases in
      the geometric mean anti-VCA titers in the HML and unclassified group of patients.
      These elevated anti-EBV titers in patients were not associated with an increase
      in titres of antibodies to other herpes viruses. They did not correlate with the
      signs of immune deficiency observed or with the incidence of auto-antibodies.

PMID- 181336
TI  - Production of lymphoid tumors in hamsters by direct implantation of normal human
      peripheral and umbilical cord leukocytes.
AB  - Peripheral leukocytes from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seropositive or seronegative
      normal adults, or human umbilical cord leukocytes infected or not infected with
      EBV, were directly transplanted into 50 newborn hamsters treated with anti
      lymphocyte serum. Lymphoid tumors were produced after a latent period of 10-25
      days in 39 animals: 8 of 14 recipients of seropositive donor leukocytes, 2 of 2
      recipients of seronegative donor leukocytes, 13 of 15 recipients of EBV-infected
      cord leukocytes, and 16 of 19 recipients of non-infected cord leukocytes. EBV
      determined nuclear antigen-positive human lymphoblastoid cell lines were
      established in vitro from tumors produced with seropositive donor leukocytes or
      EBV-infected cord leukocytes but not from tumors produced with seronegative donor
      leukocytes or non-infected cord leukocytes. The results indicate that EBV is not
      a prerequisite for in vivo production of tumors but necessary for in vitro
      establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines from such tumors.

PMID- 181337
TI  - A quantitative analysis of the susceptibility of human leukocytes to
      transformation by Epstein-Barr virus.
AB  - Susceptibility of lymphocyte-enriched cell fractions isolated from human
      umbilical cord blood and adult peripheral blood to transformation by the B95-8
      strain of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was investigated quantitatively. Minimum
      multiplicity of input of virus (50% transforming dose) per cell (MOI) necessary
      to induce maximum level transformation of cord cells ranged from 0.02 to 0.2. The
      frequency of initially transformed cells (fraction of transformable cells) in the
      cord cell samples from two different individuals was estimated to be 2.6 to 6.2%.
      In this system, the appearance of cells positive for EBV-associated nuclear
      antigen (EBNA) paralleled the growth curve of transformed cells. About 70% of the
      latter were EBNA-positive. In adult cell preparations from two individuals, 1.8
      and 0.03%, respectively, of the cells were transformable indicating larger
      individual variations in sensitivity to EBV than in cord cells. The EBV
      susceptibility was also determined by the transforming efficiency (TE) expressed
      as the negative log of the virus dilution which induces transformation in 50% of
      cell cultures infected at an MOI of 0.2. From the TE value, a minimum MOI which
      induces transfromation could be calculated. Also by this test it was shown that
      the EBV susceptibility of adult cells was not only lower but also much more
      variable between individuals than that of cord cells. There was no correlation
      between the susceptibility of cells and the titer of anti-EBV antibody in donors'
      sera. In cultures of mixed cord cells and adult cells known to have low EBV
      susceptibility, the minimum MOI increased in proportion to the amount of adult
      cells.

PMID- 181338
TI  - Independent regulation of two types of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene)
      hydroxylase in mammalian cells.
AB  - Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP
      (dcAMP), plus aminophylline (AHH I) can be ditsinguished from the hydroxylase
      induced by benz (a) anthracene (AHH II) by its lower Km for benzo (a) pyrene.
      Treatment with the combination of benzo (a) anthracene and dcAMP plus
      aminophylline induced both AHH I and AHH II activities. After optimal induction
      of AHH II activity by benz (a) anthracene, the addition of dcAMP plus
      aminophylline gave an induction of AHH I. Although AHH I activity declined to an
      almost basal level 24 h after treatment with dcAMP plus aminophylline, the
      addition of benz (a) anthracene prevented this decline. Inducibility by dcAMP
      plus aminophylline or by benz (a) anthracene varied in different cell lines. Some
      cell lines were induced by both substances, with a higher induction by benz (a)
      anthracene, while other lines were inducible only by benz (a) anthracene, and a
      third cell type was not inducible by either. Selection for resistance to benzo
      (a) pyrene of a cell line inducible by both compounds resulted in a fourth cell
      type which was more inducible by dcAMP plus aminophylline than by benz (a)
      anthracene. The results suggest that there is an independent regulation of
      hydroxylase AHH I and AHH II and that the induction of these two enzyme
      activities is determined by different genetic controls.

PMID- 181339
TI  - Meeting the psychosocial needs of pacemaker patients.
AB  - A review of the literature concerning patients who have received permanently
      implanted cardiac pacemakers indicates that a substantial number of these
      patients experience difficulties in adjusting to their medical condition. Common
      feelings among these patients are anxiety and depression. It is suggested that
      difficulties often arise from the patient's misconceptions about the pacemaker
      and inadequate psychosocial support. To assist such patients in their adjustment,
      the Pacemaker Support Program was developed to provide psychosocial counseling
      and pacemaker education from the preoperative phase through to the outpatient
      pacemaker follow-up clinic phase. In the year of the program's operation a marked
      decline in adjustment problems has been observed, the program has been readily
      integrated into the hospital routine, and it has been enthusiastically accepted
      by both the hospital staff and the patients.

PMID- 181340
TI  - The role of the psychiatric consultant in the treatment of burned patients.
AB  - Two cases of seriously burned patients are presented which differ in initial
      psychiatric presentation and subsequent course. In each case, the role of the
      psychiatric consultant is described. The role includes direct evaluative and
      psychotherapeutic contact with the patient and liaison with the surgical and
      nursing staff. This dual approach is necessary for a consistent rehabilitative
      effort, particularly in hospitals that do not have a psychiatric liaison team.

PMID- 181341
TI  - Primary tumors of the thoracic trachea with special emphasis on surgical
      management.

PMID- 181342
TI  - [Hereditary metabolic disorders with significance for adult age. Homocystinuria,
      histidinemia, cystinuria, vitamin-D-resistant rickets, alpha1-antitrypsin
      deficiency].

PMID- 181344
TI  - Morphological changes in chick embryo cell cultures induced by avian leukosis
      viruses.
AB  - Morphological alterations were observed after 5-15 serial passages of cells
      infected with three different strains of avian leukosis virus: OK 10, an A
      subgroup virus isolated from a natural infection; RAV-1, an established
      laboratory strain of the A subgroup, and RAV-2, a laboratory strain of the B
      subgroup. The infected cells had a prolonged lifespan of approximately 28
      passages, compared to 14 passages for control cells. However, the altered cells
      had none of the attributes of transformed cells, such as growth in soft agar,
      loss of contact inhibition, tumor formation in chickens, or loss of fibroblast
      surface antigen. Therefore, we refer to the changes as conversion rather than
      transformation. The morphological changes differed depending upon the subgroup of
      the inducing virus. Cells converted with the A subgroup viruses were uniformly
      epitheloid whereas cells converted with the B subgroup virus were less uniform in
      size and shape. We speculate that an event similar to conversion may take place
      in vivo and contribute to the oncogenicity of leukosis viruses.

PMID- 181343
TI  - An EBV-genome-negative cell line established from an American Burkitt lymphoma;
      receptor characteristics. EBV infectibility and permanent conversion into EBV
      positive sublines by in vitro infection.
AB  - An in vitro line was derived from an American Burkitt lymphoma, designated Ra No.
      1, which produced malignant tumors when inoculated into thymus-deficient nude
      mice. The cells have B-lymphocyte characteristics, with surface-associated mu and
      kappa chains and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) receptors, and can be readily infected
      with EBV in vitro. B95-8 virus induced EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) but
      not early antigen (EA) in Ra No. 1 cells, whereas P3HR-1 virus induced both EBNA
      and EA, but the EA level was much lower than in the prototype Raji strain, EBNA
      and EA levels were comparable in Ra No. 1 and in the previously established, EBV
      infection-sensitive BJA-B lymphoma. The two lines differed, however, because BJA
      B could be converted into a permanent EBV-carrying line by the B95-8 but not by
      the P3HR-1 virus strain, whereas Ra No. 1 could be converted by the P3HR-1 virus.
      This demonstrates that different B-lymphocyte-derived lymphoma lines can vary
      with regard to the restrictive control they can exert on the same virus strain.
      Furthermore, virus strains vary in their sensitivity to the restrictions of the
      same host cell. Permanent EBV conversion of the Ra No. 1 cell did not appear to
      change the cellular controls, as judged by the unchanged sensitivity of the cell
      to viral antigen (EA, viral capsid antigen) induction by P3HR-1 virus
      superinfection.

PMID- 181345
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infection of human lung epithelial cells in vitro.
AB  - Human lung epithelial cells were productively infected with human cytomegalovirus
      in vitro. Infectious virus was released up to 8 weeks postinfection. The cells
      retained their morphological characteristics throughout the period of
      observation, while simultaneously bearing all the features typical of
      cytomegalovirus infection.

PMID- 181346
TI  - Preliminary studies on an unusual poxvirus of the western grey squirrel (Sciurus
      griseus griseus) of North America.
AB  - Particles of a poxvirus found in Californian western grey squirrels have overall
      dimensions indistinguishable from those of the poxviruses of the genera
      Orthopoxvirus and Leporipoxvirus, but have surface structures somewhat
      reminiscent of virions of members of the genus Parapoxvirus. Extracts of tissues
      infected with the squirrel poxvirus cross-react in gel-diffusion tests with
      extracts of tissues infected with Californian myxoma virus, but not with a
      similar preparation infected with a South American strain of myxoma virus.

PMID- 181347
TI  - Infectivity of Rous sarcoma cell DNA: comparison of two techniques of
      transfection assay.
AB  - A DNA extracted from a clone of chicken cells transformed by the Schmidt-Ruppin
      strain of Rous sarcoma virus, subgroup D(SR-RSV-D), was assayed for infectivity
      by means of DEAE-dextran and calcium techniques. The calcium technique like the
      previously described DEAE-dextran procedure gave rise to viruses in transfection
      assays with both native and denatured (S1 nuclease susceptible) DNAs. The
      efficiency of these transfection techniques with native DNA was compared and
      found to be about the same provided that with the calcium technique carrier DNA
      was used to complement DNA concentrations lower than 2.5 mug/ml.

PMID- 181348
TI  - Effect of thyroidectomy and in vivo administration of triiodothyronine on DNA
      synthesis in isolated mitochondria.
AB  - The experimental conditions were studied which allow hormonal levels to affect
      the incorporation of labelled deoxyribonucleosides triphosphates (dNTP's) into
      mitochondrial DNA by isolated liver mitochondria, obtained either from
      thyroidectomized young male rats (T) or from animals of the same age
      thyroidectomized and then treated with triiodothyronine (T + T3). It was
      demonstrated that: (a) extramitochondrial DNA, on which extramitochondrial DNA
      polymerase may act, was absent; (b) the permeability to dNTP's, the thymidine
      kinase activity, the energy supply, and the nuclease activities were unaffected
      by hormonal conditions; (c) the bacterial contaminations contribute for only 1%
      to incorporation. The characterization of incorporation product showed that: (a)
      such product was indeed DNA, as it was DNase-degradable for about 90%; (b) the
      labelled DNA was indeed mitochondrial DNA, as a 10 minutes preincubation with
      acriflavine or ethydium bromide (Eth. Br.) inhibited the synthesis by 90%.

PMID- 181349
TI  - Proceedings: Regulatory mechanisms of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis at the level
      of nucleotide-sugars precursors.

PMID- 181350
TI  - Proceedings: Modification of rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase by deoxycholate.

PMID- 181351
TI  - Characteristics of immunity induced by neuraminidase-treated lymphosarcoma cells
      in C3H (MTV+) and C3H (MTV-) mice.
AB  - The immunogenicity of 6C3HED lymphosarcoma ascites tumor cells was greatly
      enhanced upon treatment with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. As a result, mammary
      tumor virus (MTV)-free C3H mice which had been repeatedly immunized with the
      treated cells resisted a challenge of 10(6) untreated viable cells inoculated
      i.p., whereas all control animals died after receiving less than 10 lymphosarcoma
      tumor cells. In contrast, there was no increase in the refractoriness to
      challenge when MTV-infected C3H mice were immunized. Incubation of 6C3HED
      lymphosarcoma cells with serum of splenic lymphocytes from the immunized MTV-free
      C3H mice neutralized their tumorigenicity and protected recipient MTV-free and
      MTV-infected C3H mice against the disease. As shown by the 51Cr microcytotoxicity
      assay, the complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody titer reached 1,024; 29% of
      the target cells were lysed by lymphocytes obtained from immune MTV-free C3H
      mice. When the immune lymphocytes were pretreated with anti-theta serum they lost
      their ability to neutralize the tumorigenicity of the lymphosarcoma, failed to be
      stimulated by the T cell mitogens, phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, and
      failed to achieve cytolysis of the lymphosarcoma target cells in vitro. These
      observations establish the central role of the theta-antigen-bearing immune
      lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity in this system. Failure of the immune
      system in the immunized MTV-infected C3H mice to cope with the challenging
      lymphosarcoma, even at low cell numbers, was reflected, not in the absence of
      humoral response, but in the relatively low level of cell-mediated immunity. This
      was manifested in both the neutralization and in the vitro cell-mediated immunity
      assays. This apparent immunological deficiency observed in the MTV-infected C3H
      mice could be countered by the transfer of lymphocytes from MTV-free C3H mice
      immunized with neuraminidase-treated 6C3HED lymphosarcoma cells. The recipient
      MTV-infected C3H mice then rejected a subsequent challenge with lymphosarcoma
      tumor grafts.

PMID- 181352
TI  - Complete regression of a guinea pig hepatocarcinoma by immunotherapy with "tumor
      immune" RNA or antibody to fibrin fragment E.
AB  - Two novel immunotherapeutic regimens were developed for a uniformly lethal,
      intradermally growing transplantable ascites variant (line 10) of a
      diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatoma in strain 2 guinea pigs. In an apparently
      tumor-specific immunotherapy model, 32 guinea pigs were cured by the injection
      into the tumor area, five or seven days after tumor challenge, of syngeneic or
      xenogeneic RNA extracts obtained from lymphoid tissues of line 10-immune strain 2
      guinea pigs or rhesus monkeys, as part of a total regimen which included
      syngeneic nonsensitive peritoneal exudate cells injected prior to, and tumor
      specific antigen injected after, the RNA. In another immunotherapy model, not
      tumor-specific, 18 strain 2 guinea pigs were cured by the injection into the
      tumor area, 6 and 16 days after tumor challenge, of antibody specific for fibrin
      fragment E (FFE), an essential component in the formation of a fibrin matrix
      considered to be important in tumor development. When therapy was delayed to 12
      days in the RNA test system, or to 16 days in the anti-FFE test system, complete
      abrogation of the tumors did not occur. The long-term survival of the 50
      successfully treated animals and their immunity to further tumor challenge
      indicated that both immunotherapeutic procedures had systemic effects. To test
      this further, line 10 cells were injected intradermally simultaneously at two
      sites and only one site was treated. When the one tumor location was treated with
      anti-FFE, complete regression of the treated tumor and a 30% retardation in the
      development of the untreated tumor were observed. When this tumor location was
      treated with the RNA regimen, complete regression of the tumors occurred at both
      the treated and the untreated sites. Optimal conditions for both
      immunotherapeutic models and their combination have yet to be establshed.
      Nonetheless, both immunotherapeutic regimens were more effective than any other
      immunotherapy thus far reported for this tumor, including the use of BCG or its
      derivatives.

PMID- 181353
TI  - Interactions between lymphocytes and C-type oncornaviruses in mice.
AB  - Several aspects of C-type oncornavirus-lymphocyte interactions in the mouse are
      reviewed: 1) immunological abnormalities induced by C-type viruses, particularly
      immunosuppression and autoimmunity; 2) activation or amplification of endogenous
      C-type viruses during immunological reactions; and 3) the immune responses to
      these endogenous oncornaviruses. A unifying hypothesis is proposed to relate
      various interactions between lymphocytes and C-type oncornaviruses.

PMID- 181354
TI  - 'Hospital and community' now.

PMID- 181356
TI  - Structural investigation of the antibiotic ristomycin A. Synthesis of ristobiose
      and ristotriose.
AB  - Proof is given by synthesis confirming the structure of ristobiose as 2-O-alpha-D
      mannopyranosyl-D-glucose (IV) and ristotriose as O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1
      leads to 6)-O-[alpha-D-mannopyranosyl (1 leads to 2)]-D-glucose (X) which are
      obtained from ristomycin A upon mild acid hydrolysis. Both oligosaccharides, IV
      and X, have been detected for the first time as the components of an antibiotic.

PMID- 181355
TI  - Studies on the isozymes of leucine aminopeptidase. 2. LAP isozymes of the
      pathological human serum.

PMID- 181357
TI  - In vivo activation by polymyxin B of phospholipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      and Escherichia coli.

PMID- 181358
TI  - Fifth Stenhous-Williams memorial lecture. Oxygen and the obligate anaerobe.

PMID- 181359
TI  - Pathway of thiamine pyrophosphate synthesis in Micrococcus denitrificans.
AB  - The pathway of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) biosynthesis, which is formed either
      from exogeneously added thiamine or from the pyrimidine and thiazole moieties of
      thiamine, in Micrococcus denitrificans was investigated. The following indirect
      evidence shows that thiamine pyrophosphokinase (EC 2.7.6.2) catalyzes the
      synthesis of TPP from thiamine: (i) [35S]thiamine incubated with cells of this
      microorganism was detected in the form of [35S]thiamine; (ii) thiamine gave a
      much faster rate of TPP synthesis than thiamine monophosphate (TMP) when
      determined with the extracts; and (iii) a partially purified preparation of the
      extracts can use thiamine, but not TMP, as the substrate. The activities of the
      four enzymes involved in TMP synthesis from pyrimidine and thiazole moieties of
      thiamine were detected in the extracts of M. denitrificans. The extracts
      contained a high activity of the phosphatase, probably specific for TMP. After M.
      denitrificans cells were grown on a minimal medium containing 3 mM adenosine,
      which causes derepression of de novo thiamine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli,
      the activities of the four enzymes involved with TMP synthesis, the TMP
      phosphatase, and the thiamine pyrophosphokinase were enhanced two- to threefold.
      These results indicate that TPP is synthesized directly from thiamine without
      forming TMP as an intermediate and that de novo synthesis of TPP from the
      pyrimidine and thiazole moieties involves the formation of TMP, followed by
      hydrolysis to thiamine, which is then converted to TPP directly. Thus, the
      pathway of TPP synthesis from TMP synthesized de novo in M. denitrificans is
      different from that found in E. coli, in which TMP synthesized de novo is
      converted directly to TPP without producing thiamine.

PMID- 181360
TI  - Variation in levels of enzymes related to energy metabolism in alternative
      developmental pathways of Blastocladiella emersonii.
AB  - The activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), fructose diphosphatase (FDP),
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NAD phosphate (NADP)-linked
      isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHNAD, IDHNADP), two NAD-linked glutamate
      dehydrogenases (GDH1, GDH2), and isocitrate lyase were studied during the
      development of the two phenotypes, ordinary colorless and resistant sporangia (OC
      and RS plants), of water mold Blastocladiella emersonii in synchronized liquid
      cultures. The OC plants had a generation time of about 12 h, whereas the RS
      plants required 3.5 days to reach maturity. All the enzymes were present
      throughout the development of both phenotypes. In zoospores, PFK, FDP, and GDH2
      were localized in the cytosol. The IDHNADP activity was distributed with two
      thirds in the soluble and one-third in the particulate fraction. GDH1 and IDHNAD
      showed the same distribution and were predominantly present in the particulate
      fraction, presumably in the mitochondria. Isocitrate lyase was found in the
      particulate fraction. The enzyme levels changed considerably during development.
      FDP and IDHNADP varied in a parallel manner. Similarly, the three enzymes PFK,
      IDHNAD and GDH1 showed parallel variations. The activity patterns for all enzymes
      were different for the OC and RS pathways. Isocitrate lyase exhibited the largest
      changes in activity during development. Thus, during OC plant formation, its
      activity decreased by a factor of 20. GDH2 varied similarly to PFK and IDHNADP
      during OC plant development, whereas it behaved like isocitrate lyase during RS
      plant development. The ratios between anabolic and catabolic enzymes were higher
      in mature plants than in zoospores and higher in RS plants than in OC plants. The
      results indicate that the variations in the enzyme levels are secondary to the
      critical changes involved in the transition from one developmental pathway to the
      other.

PMID- 181361
TI  - Suppression of polarity of insertion mutations in the gal operon and N mutations
      in bacteriophage lambda.
AB  - Bacterial mutations (psuA and psu) known for their ability to suppress the
      polarity on nonsense mutations are shown to suppress the polarity of certain
      insertion mutations in the gal operon. The short insertion, IS1 (800 nucleotide
      pairs), is about 15 to 50% suppressed, whereas longer insertions, IS2 (1,400
      nucleotide pairs), and IS3 (1,200 nucleotide pairs), are not. Some of the
      polarity suppressor mutations (psu-1, psu-2, and psu-3) are at least partially
      permissive for N-gene mutations (N7 and N53) of bacteriophage lambda, suggesting
      a relationship between natural and mutational polar signals. That this
      relationship may be complex is indicated by the fact that other suppressor
      mutations, effective in suppressing nonsense or insertion polarity, fail entirely
      to permit the growth of lambda N mutants.

PMID- 181362
TI  - Mutations affecting catabolite repression of the L-arabinose regulon in
      Escherichia coli B/r.
AB  - Expression of the L-arabinose regulon in Escherichia coli B/r requires, among
      other things, cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and the cAMP receptor
      protein (CRP). Mutants deficient in adenyl cyclase (cya-), the enzyme which
      synthesizes cAMP, or CRP (crp-) are unable to utilize a variety of carbohydrates,
      including L-arabinose. Ara+ revertants of a cya-crp- strain were isolated on 0.2%
      minimal L-arabinose plates, conditions which require the entire ara regulon to be
      activated in the absence of cAMP and CRP. Evidence from genetic and physiological
      studies is consistent with placing these mutations in the araC regulatory gene.
      Deletion mapping with one mutant localized the site within either araO or araC,
      and complementation tests indicated the mutants acted trans to confer the ability
      to utilize L-arabinose in a cya-crp- genetic background. Since genetic analysis
      supports the conclusion, that the mutant sites are in the araC regulatory gene,
      the mutants were designated araCi, indicating a mutation in the regulatory gene
      affecting the cAMP-CRP requirement. Physiological analysis of one mutant, araCi1,
      illustrates the trans-acting nature of the mutation. In a cya-crp- genetic
      background, araCi1 promoted synthesis of both isomerase, a product of the araBAD
      operon, and permease, a product of the araE operon. Isomerase and permease levels
      in araCi1 cya+ crp+ were hyperinducible, and the sensitivity of each to cAMP was
      altered. Two models are presented that show the possible mutational lesion in the
      araCi strains.

PMID- 181363
TI  - Effect of araC gene product on catabolite repression in the L-arabinose regulon.
AB  - The araCi protein differs in stability from araC+ protein and alters the
      concentration of cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate required to maximally
      stimulate L-arabinose isomerase synthesis in an in vitro protein-synthesizing
      system.

PMID- 181364
TI  - Disruption of the fucose pathway as a consequence of genetic adaptation to
      propanediol as a carbon source in Escherichia coli.
AB  - In Escherichia coli, L-fucose is dissimilated via an inducible pathway mediated
      by L-fucose permease, L-fucose isomerase, L-fucose kinase, and L-fuculose 1
      phosphate aldolase. The last enzyme cleaves the six-carbon substrate into
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate and L-lactaldehyde. Aerobically, lactaldehyde is
      oxidized to L-lactate by a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-linked
      dehydrogenase. Anaerobically, lactaldehyde is reduced by an NADH-COUPLED 
      REDUCTASE TO L-1,2-propanediol, which is lost into the medium irretrievably, even
      when oxygen is subsequently introduced. Propanediol excretion is thus the end
      result of a dismutation that permits further anaerobic metabolism of dihydroxy
      acetone phosphate. A mutant selected for its ability to grow aerobically on
      propanediol as a carbon and energy source was reported to produce lactaldehyde
      reductase constitutively and at high levels, even aerobically. Under the new
      situation, this enzyme serves as a propanediol dehydrogenase. It was also
      reported that the mutant had lost the ability to grow on fucose. In the present
      study, it is shown that in wild-type cells the full synthesis of lactaldehyde
      dehydrogenase requires the presence of both molecular oxygen and a small molecule
      effector, and the full synthesis of lactaldehyde reductase requires anaerobiosis
      and the presence of a small molecule effector. The failure of mutant cells to
      grow on fucose reflects the impairment of a regulatory element in the fucose
      system that prevents the induction of the permease, the isomerase, and the
      kinase. The aldolase, on the other hand, is constitutively synthesized. Three
      independent fucose-utilizing revertants of the mutant all produce the permease,
      the isomerase, the kinase, as well as the aldolase, constitutively. These strains
      grow less well than the parental mutant on propanediol.

PMID- 181366
TI  - Effects of phthalate esters on the respiration of rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - The effects of phthalate esters on the oxidation of succinate, glutamate, beta
      hydroxybutyrate and NADH by rat liver mitochondria were examined and it was found
      that di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) strongly inhibited the succinate oxidation by
      intact and sonicated rat mitochondria, but did not inhibit the State 4
      respiration with NAD-linked substrates such as glutamate and beta
      hydroxybutyrate. However, oxygen uptake accelerated by the presence of ADP and
      substrate (State 3) was inhibited and the rate of oxygen uptake decreased to that
      without ADP (State 4). It was concluded that phthalate esters were electron and
      energy transport inhibitors but not uncouplers. Phthalate esters also inhibited
      NADH oxidation by sonicated mitochondria. The degree of inhibition depended on
      the carbon number of alkyl groups of phthalate esters, and DBP was the most
      potent inhibitor of respiration. The activity of purified beef liver glutamate
      dehydrogenase [EC 1.4.1.3] was slightly inhibited by phthalate esters.

PMID- 181365
TI  - Regulation of lactate dehydrogenase activity in Rothia dentocariosa by fructose
      1,6-diphosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AB  - The L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase from Rothia dentocariosa strain 17931 is
      activated by fructose 1,6-diphosphate and inhibited by adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
      The enzyme has a molecular weight of 120,000. In these respects, it resembles the
      lactate dehydrogenase of Actinomyces viscosus.

PMID- 181367
TI  - Proteoglycan complexes from bovine heart valve. Fractionation by density-gradient
      centrifugation and gel filtration under dissociative conditions.
AB  - Proteoglycan complexes from collagenase [EC 3.4.24.3]-indigestible materials of
      bovine heart valves were extracted with 4 M guanidinium chloride, purified by ion
      exchange column chromatography in a urea-containing solution, then fractionated
      by density-gradient centrifugation under dissociative conditions. Electrophoretic
      characteristics and enzymic susceptibility of the density-gradient fractions
      revealed that the glycosaminoglycans constituting the proteoglycan complexes in
      this indigestible materials were mainly dermatan sulfate in the top three
      fractions, and dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfates in the bottom fraction;
      a minor constituent which was common to all the fractions was hyaluronic acid. A
      gel-like substance (Fr. Ig) at the top of the gradient, amounting to about 25% of
      the loaded dry sample, contained only a trace of hydroxyproline (less than 1%)
      and was composed of proteodermatan sulfate, glycoprotein, and a small amount of
      hyaluronic acid. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic
      analyses of Fr. Ig with 2-mercaptoethanol showed that the major part of the
      proteins in this gel-like substance was cross-linked by disulfide bridges.
      Chromatography of Fr. Ig on Sepharose 4B in buffered 4 M guanidinium chloride
      containing 2-mercaptoethanol, together with the electrophoretic patterns of the
      resulting fractions, suggested that proteodermatan sulfate was not associated
      with hyaluronic acid through covalent bonds. The amino acid composition of Fr. Ig
      was very similar to that reported in the literature for "dermatan sulfate-protein
      complex", and  "structural glycoprotein" or "acidic structural protein".

PMID- 181368
TI  - Polarographic studies in presence of Triton X-100 on oxidation-reduction
      components bound with chromatophores from Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - Polarographic studies on oxidation-reduction components bound with chromatophores
      from Rhodospirillum rubrum were carried out at 24 degrees. 1. Using a carbon
      paste electrode as the working electrode, polarographic waves characteristic of
      oxidation-reduction components were observed in the presence, but not in the
      absence of Triton X-100; these waves were therefore measured in the presence of
      the detergent. 2. At least two kinds of oxidation-reduction components were
      detectable, having different half-wave potentials (E1/2); at pH 7, one had an
      E1/2 value of +275 mV (POC+275) and the other had a value of +60 mV (POC+60). 3.
      POC+275 was reduced by succinate and by NADH. Both reductions were almost
      completely inhibited by antimycin A, which hardly affected the reductions of
      ubiquinone-10 by succinate and by NADH. Most POC+275 molecules were not reduced
      by the substrates when quinones were extracted from the chromatophores, and the
      reductions were mostly restored when ubiquinone-10 was re-added. This indicates
      that POC+275 is functional between ubiquinone-10 and cytochrome c2 in the
      electron transport system. 4. POC+60 was reduced by succinate, but hardly at all
      by NADH. The reduction of POC+60 was not influenced either by the addition of
      antimycin A or by the extraction of quinones. This suggests that POC+60 is
      functional in the process from succinate dehydrogenase [EC 1.3.99.1] to
      ubiquinone-10 in the electron transport system. 5. Of the POC+275 reducible by
      dithionite, approximately 70% could be reduced in the absence of Triton X-100,
      provided that the potential of the working electrode immersed in chromatophore
      suspensions was set at potentials of 0 mV or lower and that the electrochemical
      reaction was carried out at pH 7.5. When the potential of the electrode was set
      at +50 mV (the same as the E1/2 value of ubiquinone-10 bound with
      chromatophores), and the suspension was allowed to stand for various lengths in
      the presence of the detergent, it was found that approximately half of the
      electrochemically reducible POC+275 was rapidly reduced, followed by a slow
      reduction. The discrepancy in the oxidation-reduction equilibrium on the basis of
      the E1/2 values of ubiquinone-10 and POC+275 is discussed.

PMID- 181369
TI  - Competitive inhibition of hexokinase isoenzymes by mercurials.
AB  - A difference in the mode of inhibition of hexokinase [EC 2.7.1.1] isoenzymes by p
      chloromercuribenzenesulfonate was confirmed with respect to glucose between two
      Type I isoenzyme preparations purified from the kidney and spleen of rat.
      Essentially the same difference was observed when galactose was used as the
      substrate in place of glucose, as the kidney Type I isoenzyme was inhibited in a
      competitive manner while the spleen counterpart was inhibited in a non
      competitive manner by sulfhydryl inhibitor. Both the Type I isoenzymes, however,
      were competitively inhibited by other mercurial sulfhydryl inhibitors, methyl and
      butyl mercuric chlorides. On the other hand, the Type II hexokinase isoenzymes
      purified from the muscle, heart, and spleen were all inhibited competitively by p
      chloromercuribenzenesulfonate with respect to glucose. The mechanism of
      competitive inhibition of the hexokinase isoenzymes by sulfhydryl inhibitors was
      discussed in view of the difference in the mode of action of the mercurials with
      different isoenzymes.

PMID- 181370
TI  - Chemical modification of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum from
      skeletal muscle. I. Binding of N-ethylmaleimide to sarcoplasmic reticulum:
      evidence for sulfhydryl groups in the active site of ATPase and for
      conformational changes induced by adenosine tri- and diphosphate.
AB  - The time course of binding of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) to the SR was measured at pH
      7.5 in the presence or absence of ATP or ADP. The following results were
      obtained. 1. Both in the presence and absence of nucleotide, the ATPase [EC
      3.6.1.3] activity decreased linearly with increase in the amount of NEM bound to
      the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and was inhibited almost completely
      by the binding of 2 moles of NEM per 10(5) g of the SR protein. 2. The amount of
      NEM incorporated into the ATPase (M.W.=105,000) was measured by SDS disc-gel
      electrophoresis. It was shown that the ATPase activity was inhibited almost
      completely by the binding of 2 moles of NEM per mole of ATPase. 3. The rate of
      binding of NEM to SR decreased by 30-40% in the presence of either ATP or ADP.
      The concentrations of both ATP and ADP for half-saturation were 0.1-0.2mM. 4. The
      effect of nucleotide on the rate of binding of NEM was not changed by the
      presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Similar effects were also observed even when the
      SR membranes were solubilized with Triton X-100. It is suggested from these
      results that one or two SH groups are located in the active site of the SR
      ATPase, and that conformational changes are induced by the addition of ATP and
      ADP.

PMID- 181371
TI  - The subunits of Chlorobium flavocytochrome c.
AB  - The subunits of cytochrome c-553 (Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum) were studied. The
      cytochrome is split into a cytochrome moiety and a flavoprotein moiety by
      treatment with 2% trichloroacetic acid. The molecular weights of the cytochrome
      and flavoprotein moieties are 11,000 and 47,000, respectively. The cytochrome
      moiety seems to have only one cysteine residue in the molecule, although its heme
      appears to be quite similar to the usual heme c. The flavoprotein moiety shows
      absorption peaks at 350 and 452nm and is insoluble at neutral pH. When the two
      moieties are mixed at alkaline pH, and the pH of the mixture is then brought to
      neutral, the flavoprotein moiety remains soluble. However, the preparation thus
      obtained is different from the original cytochrome c-553.

PMID- 181372
TI  - Properties of purified hydrogenase from the particulate fraction of Desulfovibrio
      vulgaris, Miyazaki.
AB  - The properties of purified hydrogenase [EC 1.12.2.1] solubilized from particulate
      fraction of sonicated Desulfovibrio vulgaris cells are described. The enzyme was
      a brownish iron-sulfur protein of molecular weight 89,000, composed of two
      different subunits (mol. wt.: 28,000 and 59,000), and it contained 7-9 iron atoms
      and 7-8 labile sulfide ions. Molybdenum was not detected in the preparation. The
      absorption spectrum of the enzyme was characteristic of iron-sulfur proteins. The
      millimolar absorbance coefficients of the enzyme were about 164 at 280nm, and 47
      at 400nm. The absorption spectrum of the enzyme in the visible region changed
      upon incubating the enzyme under H2 in the presence of cytochrome c3, but not in
      its absence. This spectral change was due to the reduction of the enzyme. The
      absorbance ratio at 400nm of the reduced and the oxidized forms of the enzyme was
      0.66. The activity of the enzyme was hardly affected by metal-complexing agents
      such as cyanide, azide, 1,10-phenanthroline, etc., except for CO, which was a
      strong inhibitor of the enzyme. The activity was inhibited by SH-reagents such as
      p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate. The enzyme was significantly resistant to urea,
      but susceptible to sodium dodecyl sulfate. These properties were very similar to
      those of clostridial hydrogenase [EC 1.12.7.1], in spite of differences in the
      acceptor specificity and subunit structure.

PMID- 181373
TI  - Stepwise degradation of serum low denisty lipoprotein by sodium dodecyl sulfate.
AB  - The structure of human serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) was investigated by
      perturbing the LDL structure with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The change in LDL
      structure induced by the addition of SDS was monitored by sedimentation velocity
      measurements, ultraviolet difference spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and
      proteolytic digestion of apo-LDL with subtilisin BPN' [EC 3.4.21.14]. As the
      concentration of SDS was increased from 0.1 mg/ml to 3 mg/ml with LDL
      concentrations between 2.0 mg/ml and 4.4 mg/ml, the sedimentation coefficient of
      LDL changed in three distinct steps. It was found by chemical analyses that not
      more than 30% of the total lipid was lost from LDL in the second step, whereas
      the final step in the change of sedimentation coefficient corresponded to the
      complete removal of apo-LDL from the constituent lipids of LDL. The ultraviolet
      difference spectrum between the native and SDS-treated LDL and the quenching of
      LDL fluorescence underwent about 80% of the total change while the SDS
      concentration was only sufficient to cause the second of the three step changes
      in sedimentation coefficient. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of apo-LDL
      treated with subtilisin BPN' also showed that more than 70% of apo-LDL became
      susceptible to proteolysis under the same conditions. These results were
      interpreted as indicating that the solubilization of 20 to 30% of the lipids on
      the surface of LDL exposed nearly 80% or more of apo-LDL to the solvent. A small
      portion of apo-LDL was, however, still firmly anchored to the remaining lipid
      micelle as long as the concentration of SDS was less than that required to cause
      the final step of the change in sedimentation coefficient.

PMID- 181374
TI  - Comparison of calcium-binding proteins. Bovine heart and brain protein activators
      of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and rabbit skeletal muscle troponin C.
AB  - In previous studies we have shown that the activation of bovine heart cyclic
      nucleotide phosphodiesterase by purified protein activator is completely
      dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and that the protein activator Ca2+ complex is
      probably the true activator for the enzyme (Teo, T.S. and Wang, J.H. (1973) J.
      Biol. Chem. 248, 5930-5955). More recent studies have led us to believe that the
      mechanism of the Ca2+ activation of phosphodiesterase resembles that of the Ca2+
      activation of muscle contraction and that the protein activator may play a role
      similar to troponin. In the present study we show that the protein activator
      resembles rabbit muscle troponin C in amino acid composition, molecular weight,
      isoelectric point, and ultraviolet absorption spectrum. Preliminary structural
      studies also indicate that these two proteins may have evolved from a common
      ancestral protein through gene duplication. This argument is strengthened by the
      finding that the tryptic peptide map of the bovine heart protein activator is
      indistinguishable from that of the bovine brain phosphodiesterase activator
      protein for which preliminary sequence information also suggests homology to
      troponin C (Watterson, D.M., Harrelson, W.G., Jr., Keller, P.M., Sharief, F., and
      Vanaman, T.C. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 4501-4513).

PMID- 181375
TI  - Structural similarities between the Ca2+-dependent regulatory proteins of 3':5'
      cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and actomyosin ATPase.
AB  - Results of studies of the Ca2+-dependent protein modulator of 3':5'-cyclic
      nucleotide phosphodiesterase isolated from bovine brain are presented which show
      its structural similarity to the Ca2+-binding subunit of muscle troponin. Both
      proteins have blocked NH2 termini, similar and characteristic ultraviolet
      absorption spectra, similar Ca2+-binding properties, very similar amino acid
      compositions, and co-migrate on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The
      primary structures of selected tryptic peptides isolated from bovine brain
      modulator protein are similar or identical with regions of the primary sequences
      of rabbit skeletal muscle and bovine cardiac muscle troponin C. Bovine brain
      modulator protein contains and unidentified ninhydrin-positive basic compound not
      found in muscle troponin C. An improved procedure is presented which yields 40 to
      70 mg of modulator protein per kg of bovine brain.

PMID- 181376
TI  - Interaction of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate with protein kinase.
      Equilibrium binding models.
AB  - A number of potential models for the interaction of cyclic AMP with protein
      kinase (RC or R2C2) have been examined. These include: Model 1, the simultaneous
      binding of cyclic AMP and release of C (catalytic subunit) from an independent RC
      protomer; Model 2, dissociation of an independent RC protomer prior to cyclic AMP
      binding to R (regulatory subunit); Model 3, cyclic AMP binding to RC prior to the
      dissociation of C; Model 4, random binding of cyclic AMP and dissociation of C
      with an interaction factor alpha less than 1; Model 5, release of 2C concomitant
      with the binding of one cyclic AMP to R2C2 followed by binding of the second
      cyclic AMP to the vacant R subunit; and Model 6, the simultaneous binding of
      cyclic AMP and release of C from one RC protomer resulting in a greater
      "affinity" of the other RC protomer for cyclic AMP, i.e., a cooperative version
      of Model 1. All the above models yield [cyclic AMP]0.5 values that increase with
      increasing protein concentration and Hill plots with average slopes equal to or
      less than 1.0 in the usual experimental range (10 to 90% of saturation). The Hill
      plots can be nonlinear, but for each model the exact shape of the plot changes in
      a characteristic (diagnostic) manner with changing protein concentration.
      Skeletal muscle protein kinase yields relatively linear Hill plots with napp
      values greater than 1.0. Consequently, Models 1 to 6 are not likely candidates.
      However, Model 2 is an excellent alternative model for proteins that display
      "negative cooperativity" with respect to the binding of a ligand. The properties
      of several "linear", "tetrahedral", and "all-or-nothing" cooperative models have
      also been examined. These include Models 7, A, B, and C and 8, A, B, and C which
      are cooperative versions of Models 2 and 3, respectively, and Model 9, a
      cooperative version of random Model 4. Model 9 is the most general model from
      which all others can be derived. Models 9 and 7, A, B, and C in which the prior
      dissociation of C greatly enhances or is an absolute requirement for cyclic AMP
      binding to R, are likely candidates for skeletal muscle protein kinase. All four
      of these models are capable of yielding Hill plots with average slopes greater
      than 1, and napp values that decrease with increasing protein concentration (in
      agreement with published data). In addition, in all four models the tight binding
      of MgATP to R2C2 yields decreased napp values and increased [cyclic AMP]0.5
      values (also consistent with published data).

PMID- 181377
TI  - Sphingolipid base metabolism. Partial purification and properties of sphinganine
      kinase of brain.
AB  - The presence of sphinganine kinase in bovine brain has been demonstrated. The
      product of the action of the brain enzyme on sphinganine has been characterized
      as sphingamine 1-phosphate by a combination of chemical, enzymatic, and
      chromatographic techniques. The bovine brain enzyme has been partially purified
      and appears to exist in multiple forms. The molecular weight of the most highly
      purified preparation of the enzyme was estimated to be 190,000 by gel filtration.
      The purified form of the enzyme showed highest activity with ATP but was also
      active with other purine nucleoside triphosphates. UTP and CTP did not serve as
      substrates for the enzyme.

PMID- 181378
TI  - Detection of an essential sulfhydryl group in phosphoglycerate mutase with an
      affinity-labeling reagent.
AB  - N-Bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate rapidly and irreversibly inactivates rabbit
      muscle phosphoglycerate mutase. At high molar ratios of reagent to enzyme, loss
      of activity (both mutase and phosphatase) approximates pseudo-first order
      kinetics. A rate-saturation effect is observed with half-maximal rate of
      inactivation occurring at 0.32 mM reagent, a value close to the Km for 3
      phosphoglyceric acid. This datum and the dissociation constant of the 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate-enzyme complex, as determined from inactivation kinetics in
      the presence of the bisphosphate, suggest that the reagent reacts at the
      substrate binding site. Inactivation results from the covalent incorporation of
      about 0.8 mol of reagent/mol of catalytic subunit as determined with 14C-labeled
      reagent. Incorporation is negligible in the presence of substrate and is reduced
      8-fold in the presence of 6 M urea. From amino acid analyses on acid hydrolysates
      of the inactivated enzyme, we have identified a sulfhydryl group as the site of
      alkylation. A peptide containing the essential sulfhydryl group has been isolated
      from a tryptic digest of the enzyme inactivated with labeled reagent; its amino
      acid composition is Trp1, Lys1,-Cys(Cm)1, Asp1, Ser1, Glu2, Gly1, Ala1, Leu1,
      Phe2.

PMID- 181379
TI  - Interaction of porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide with dispersed pancreatic
      acinar cells from the guinea pig. Structural requirements for effects of
      vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin on cellular adenosine 3':5'
      monophosphate.
AB  - Secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), but not glucagon, stimulate
      accumulation of cyclic AMP in dispersed guinea pig pancreatic acinar cells.
      Secretin stimulated cellular accumulation of cyclic AMP by interacting with a
      single class of high affinity receptors. On the other hand, the dose-response
      curve for VIP-stimulated cellular cyclic AMP was biphasic and reflected
      interaction of this peptide with two classes of receptors. Results obtained with
      synthetic fragments of VIP and secretin indicate that the receptor having a high
      affinity for VIP has a low affinity for secretin, interacts with, but does not
      distinguish among, secretin, secretin 5-27 and [6-tyrosine] secretin or among
      secretin 14-27, VIP 14-28, VIP 15-28, and increases cellular cyclic AMP when
      occupied by VIP, but not when occupied by secretin, [6-tyrosine] secretin, or
      secretin 1-14. The receptor having a low affinity for VIP has a high affinity for
      secretin, interacts with and distinguishes among secretin, secretin 5-27, and [6
      tyrosine] secretin, interacts with secretin 14-27 but not with VIP 14-28 or VIP
      15-28, and increases cellular cyclic AMP when occupied by VIP, secretin, [6
      tyrosine] secretin, or secretin 1-14.

PMID- 181380
TI  - Action of cholecystokinin, cholinergic agents, and A-23187 on accumulation of
      guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate in dispersed guinea pig pancreatic acinar cells.
AB  - The COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) and carbamylcholine
      each increased calcium outflux, cellular cyclic GMP and amylase secretion in
      dispersed guinea pig pancreatic acinar cells. Following addition of CCK-OP or
      carbamylcholine, cellular cyclic GMP increased as early as 15 s, became maximal
      after 1 to 2 min, and then decreased steadily during the subsequent incubation.
      For both CCK-OP and carbamylcholine there was close agreement between the dose
      response curve for stimulation of calcium outflux and that for increase of
      cellular cyclic GMP. With CCK-OP an effect on both functions could be detected at
      10(-10) M and maximal stimulation occurred at 3 X 10(-8) M. With carbamylcholine
      an effect on both functions could be detected at 10(-5) M and maximal stimulation
      occurred at 3 X 10(-3) M. Atropine inhibited stimulation of both cyclic GMP and
      calcium outflux by carbamylcholine but not by CCK-OP. Stimulation of calcium
      outflux or cellular cyclic GMP by CCK-OP or carbamylcholine did not require
      extracellular calcium since stimulation occurred in a calcium-free, ethylene
      glycol bis(beta, beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)-containing
      solution. The divalent cation ionophore A-23187 increased bidirectional fluxes of
      calcium, cellular cyclic GMP and secretion of amylase from dispersed pancreatic
      acinar cells. Like CCK-OP and carbamylcholine, the ionophore stimulated calcium
      outflux and cellular cyclic GMP in a calcium-free, EGTA-containing solution.
      These results suggest that in pancreatic acinar cells the initial step in the
      sequence of events mediating the action of ionophore as well as that of CCK-OP
      and carbamylcholine is stimulation of calcium outflux, and that this stimulation
      then increases cellular cyclic GMP.

PMID- 181381
TI  - Properties of the interaction between bovine thyrotropin and bovine thyroid
      plasma membranes.
AB  - Studies have been conducted to characterize further the interaction between 125I
      labeled bovine thyrotropin (TSH) and bovine thyroid plasma membranes. Sequential
      subcellular fractionation of thyroid homogenates yielded preparations of
      progressively greater specific binding activity, highest activity being found in
      fractions previously shown to contain predominately plasma membranes (Amir, S.
      M., Carraway, T.F., Kohn, L.D., and Winand, R.J. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 4092
      4100). Although binding of 125I-TSH by plasma membranes was greatest at pH 6.0,
      studies were conducted at pH 7.45 as well as pH 6.0, and results obtained
      differed quantitatively, but not qualitatively. Binding was maximal at 0 degrees,
      15 degrees, and 22 degrees and steady state values remained unchanged for at
      least 22 hours. At 37 degrees, binding was decreased by 40% at 1 hour; the loss
      was even greater (65%) at 50 degrees. A similar loss of binding was evident when
      membranes were preincubated without TSH at 37 degrees or higher and were then
      incubated with 125I-TSH at 0 degrees. Lineweaver-Burk analysis indicated that
      preincubation resulted in loss of receptor sites without change in affinity of
      residual receptors. Addition of Ca2+ (1 to 10 mM) to the preincubation medium
      prevented the effect of preincubation at 37 degrees by preserving the number of
      receptor sites without altering their affinity. Under similar conditions, Na+ and
      K+ were without protective effect. Membranes bound 45Ca2+ in a specific and
      saturable manner. Scatchard plots indicated a dissociatiion constant (Kd) of 9 X
      10(-5) M and a capacity (n) of 54 nmol/mg of membrane protein. 45Ca2+ was also
      displaced from membranes by Mg2+ and Mn2+. Ca2+ had a biphasic effect on binding;
      low concentrations (1 to 10 muM) added to the incubation mixture stimulated
      binding, while higher concentrations (0.1 mM) caused inhibition. Mg2+ and Mn2+,
      at comparable concentrations, were also inhibitory, Na+ and K+ less so. In the
      case of Ca2+, both the stimulatory and inhibitory concentrations were lower than
      those required to achieve saturation of Ca2+-binding sites. Proteolytic enzymes
      (trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, and pronase) sharply reduced binding of 125I-TSH,
      owing to a decrease in receptor sites. Phospholipases A and C enhanced binding of
      TSH, while neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase were without measurable effect.

PMID- 181382
TI  - Mechanism and kinetics of the thermal activation of glucocorticoid hormone
      receptor complex.
AB  - Steroid-receptor complexes formed at low temperature and ionic strength do not
      bind to nuclei or chromatin. After a temporary exposure to high temperature, or
      ionic strength, or both, a fraction of them becomes activated (able to bind to
      nuclei). An assay of the activated form of the complex based upon titration with
      nuclei in excess was established. This assay was used to perform kinetic and
      equilibrium studies of the thermal activation of glucocorticoid-receptor complex
      in order to elucidate its mechanism. It was found that the reaction is of
      apparent first order and yields a monomolecular product. It thus probably
      consists of a conformational change in the steroid-receptor complex. The rate of
      activation is 1.37 +/- 0.06 X 10(-3) S-1 at 25 degrees. The free energy of
      thermodynamic activation (The word activation is used here in its usual
      thermodynamic meaning and not in the sense of receptor modification) of this
      reaction is greater than G = 21.3 Kcal. The corresponding enthalpy and entropy
      are respectively greater than H = 31.4 kcal and greater than S = 4 cal/degree.
      These positive and high values of greater than H and greater than S are very
      similar to those described for denaturation reactions of proteins suggesting that
      breakage of some noncovalent bonds could take place during activation. The
      reaction proceeds until approximately 60% of the complexes are activated. It was
      shown that this corresponds to an equilibrium between activated and nonactivated
      forms and not to the presence of a population of complexes unable to undergo
      activation. This equilibrium is not modified by temperature variations between 10
      degrees and 30 degrees. It is possible to activate over 80% of the complexes when
      the activation is performed in the presence of excess acceptor, thus shifting the
      equilibrium. A similar situation is probably observed in situ in cells since 90%
      of the complexes are found in the nuclei when liver slices are incubated with
      hormone.

PMID- 181383
TI  - Submicrosomal localization of prolyl hydroxylase from chick embryo limb bone.
AB  - A fraction greatly enriched in microsomes was prepared from chick embryo limb
      bone tissue homogenates by differential centrifugation in a high density solution
      of Metrizamide. This fraction was used to determine the submicrosomal
      localization of prolyl hydroxylase. At a low concentration (0.05%) of the non
      ionic detergents Triton X-100 and Brij-35, 90 to 93% of prolyl hydroxylase
      activity was released from microsomes. Concentrations of Triton X-100 greater
      than 0.1% were required to solubilize the intrinsic membrane enzyme NADH
      ferricyanide reductase and to release membrane-bound ribosomes, while Brij-35 did
      not extensively solubilize membrane components even at concentrations up to 0.4%.
      In addition, prolyl hydroxylase activity which could subsequently be released
      from microsomes by Brij-35 was relatively resistant to trypsin proteolysis at
      concentrations which removed more than 50% of the ribosomes and approximately 40%
      of the protein from microsomes. These results suggest that 90 to 93% of prolyl
      hydroxylase activity in connective tissue is located within the cisternae of the
      endoplasmic reticulum. Gel filtration of prolyl hydroxylase released from
      microsomes or found in the soluble fraction of limb bone homogenates revealed two
      peaks of activity corresponding to molecular weights of 230,000 and 450,000 to
      500,000. The latter is twice the value reported for purified chick embryo prolyl
      hydroxylase. A fraction of the total prolyl hydroxylase activity (generally 20 to
      35%) in microsome preparations could be measured in the absence of detergent,
      although the microsomal membrane should be impermeable to the large
      unhydroxylated collagen chains used as substrate. On the basis of experimental
      data, it was concluded that detergent-independent activity was most likely due to
      damaged microsomal membranes and that this damage was sufficient to allow
      substrate and trypsin to enter the cisternae but not to allow prolyl hydroxylase
      to be released.

PMID- 181384
TI  - [Electromyography of paraneoplastic syndromes (author's transl)].

PMID- 181387
TI  - Fluorimetric determination of adenine and adenosine and its nucleotides by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 181385
TI  - Secretion-related uptake of horseradish peroxidase in neurohypophysial axons.
AB  - During secretion of the neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin,
      secretory granule membrane is added to the plasma membrane of the axon terminals.
      It is generally assumed that subsequent internalization of this additional
      membrane occurs by endocytosis. In order to study this process, we have traced
      the uptake of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase by neurohypophysial
      axons in rats and golden hamsters. Peroxidase reaction product within the
      secretory axons was found mainly in vacuolar and C-shaped structures of a size
      comparable with or larger than the neurosecretory granules. Our observations
      suggest that these large horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-impregnated vacuoles arise
      directly by a form of macropinocytosis. Morphometric analysis indicated that this
      form of membrane retrieval increased significantly after the two types of stimuli
      used, reversible hemorrhage and electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk.
      Microvesicular uptake of HRP was found to be comparatively less.

PMID- 181386
TI  - Correlates of ego-level and agency-communion in stage REM dreams of 11-13 year
      old children.

PMID- 181388
TI  - Gel chromatographic separation of retinol, retinyl esters and other fatsoluble
      vitamins.

PMID- 181389
TI  - Quantitative in situ thin-layer chromatography of quinidine and salicylic acid in
      capillary blood.
AB  - A micro-method based on in situ thin-layer chromatography has been developed for
      the determination of quinidine and salicylic acid in 10-mu 1 samples of serum or
      plasma. The sample is applied directly to the silica gel layer without
      extraction, the proteins being precipitated on the chromatogram origin by means
      of ethanol. The chromatogram can be evaluated quantitatively by fluorescence
      scanning. Different pre-coated plates were investigated.

PMID- 181390
TI  - Studies of phenolic steroids in human subjects. XIX. Renal conjugation of 15alpha
      hydroxyestradiol-3-sulfate.
AB  - In order to elucidate further the role of the kidney in the conjugation and
      excretion of 15alpha-hydroxy-estrogens, we synthesized doubly and singly labeled
      15alpha-hydroxyestradiol-3-sulfate (15alpha-OHE-S) and determined its urinary
      excretory pattern after administering differently labeled 15alpha-OHE2-S into the
      renal artery and concomitantly into a peripheral vein and by the infusion of
      doubly labeled 3H-15alpha-OHE2-S-35S into the renal artery. The excretion of
      radioactivity in the early urinary samples and the conjugate pattern in these
      urines were determined. About twice as much radioactivity was excreted in the
      early urine samples originating from the renal artery injection than from samples
      obtained following peripheral administration, indicating renal conjugation and
      excretion of the 15alpha-OHE2-S. The latter was preponderantly excreted as the S
      NAG with only a small part (about 10%) of the administered sulfate being
      hydrolyzed to the aglycone. The latter was then either conjugated with N
      acetylglucosamine (NAG) or glucuronide, probably also in the kidney. Most of the
      15-alpha-OHE2-S could not be accounted for, possibly because of biliary excretion
      and enterohepatic circulation. The results obtained and those already published
      indicate that the human kidney is capable of conjugating 15alpha-OHE2, its NAG,
      and its sulfate conjugates.

PMID- 181391
TI  - Aldosterone response to hypoglycemia: evidence of ACTH mediation.
AB  - Insulin-induced hypoglycemia caused an increase in plasma aldosterone as well as
      in renin activity and cortisol. After the suppression of the renin-angiotensin
      system by the prior administration of propranolol, insulin-induced hypoglycemia
      still caused a significant increase in plasma aldosterone similar to the increase
      in plasma cortisol, though plasma renin activity was suppressed. Conversely,
      after the suppression of endogenous ACTH by the prior admininstration of
      dexamethasone, insulin-induced hypoglycemia failed to induce a rise in plasma
      aldosterone and plasma cortisol, through plasma renin activity increased. The
      increase of plasma aldosterone in response to exogenous ACTH was not different
      with or without the prior administration of dexamethasone. We conclude that ACTH
      is largely responsible for the increased aldosterone secretion after insulin
      induced hypoglycemia.

PMID- 181392
TI  - Specific metabolic pathways of steroid sulfates in human liver microsomes.
AB  - The hydroxylation of steroid sulfates has been studied in liver microsomal
      preparations from adult humans. Ten different C18, C19, and C21 steroid sulfates
      and the corresponding unconjugated steroids were used as substrates. In several
      cases it was found that steroid sulfates were efficiently hydroxylated in a way
      that differed both qualitatively and quantitatively from the hydroxylation of the
      corresponding unconjugated substrates. Only the hydrophobic (nonsulfurylated) end
      of the steroid sulfate molecule was hydroxylated. The steroids sulfurylated in
      position 3 were generally better substrates for the liver microsomal hydroxylase
      system than those sulfurylated in position 17. The findings that unconjugated and
      sulfoconjugated steroids are metabolized along different pathways in the liver
      may be of general significance. Sulfoconjugation and subsequent hydroxylation may
      also be an important pathway in the metabolism of xenobiotics in man.

PMID- 181393
TI  - Comparison of prostaglandin E1 and TSH stimulation of cyclic AMP synthesis in
      thyroid tissues from euthyroid subjects and thyrotoxic patients.
AB  - Possible differences of the mode of action of TSH and prostaglandin E1 (PGE) on
      the synthesis of cyclic AMP were studied in normal human thyroids (normal
      thyroid) and thyroids from thyrotoxic patients (toxic thyroid). TSH was less
      effective in toxic thyroids than in normal thyroids; whereas PGE1 was equally
      effective in normal thyroids and toxic thyroids. Since the basal level of cyclic
      AMP was the same in normal and toxic thyroids, this lower sensitivity of toxic
      thyroids to TSH was not due to the fact that toxic thyroids were already
      overactive in terms of cyclic AMP synthesis. The measurement of adenylate cyclase
      and phosphodiesterase activities in the plasma membranes or homogenates failed to
      explain this lower sensitivity of toxic thyroids to TSH. Small and large doses of
      T4 and T3 failed to suppress an increase of cyclic AMP produced by PGE1, in the
      slices and plasma membranes of normal and toxic thyroids; whereas large doses of
      T3 depressed an increase of cyclic AMP in response to TSH in the thyroid plasma
      membrane of toxic thyroids. When both TSH and PGE1 were administered
      simultaneously, an additive increase of cyclic AMP was found in normal thyroids
      and in toxic thyroids. From the data accumulated, we suggest that, although TSH
      and PGE1 stimulate cyclic AMP synthesis in normal and toxic thyroids, the site of
      action and/or mode of action of these two stimulators may possibly be different,
      at least in human thyroids.

PMID- 181394
TI  - Unusual low plasma renin hypertension in a child.
AB  - A four-year-old girl with hypertension (140/60) and chronic hypokalemic alkalosis
      was studied to determine the origin of this clinical feature. High exchangeable
      sodium (56.7 meq/kg vs. 45-55 meq/kg in controls) was associated with a low
      plasma renin activity (6 ng/1/min vs. 26 +/- 3.1 in controls) and reduced
      aldosterone secretion rate (5.56 mug/day; normal: 50-150 mug per day)). A low
      corticosterone secretion rate (0.228 mg/day vs. 0.50-0.65 in controls) and
      urinary tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (0.007 mg/day vs. 0.03-0.09 mg/day in
      controls) were found. The basal secretion rate of cortisol was also low (1.80
      mg/m2/day vs. 5.4-16.7 mg/m2/day in controls) in spite of normal plasma ACTH: 78
      pg/ml. The normal increase of the cortisol secretion rate (from 1.80 to 65
      mg/m2/day) after synthetic ACTH stimulation ruled out a 17 alpha hydroxylase
      deficiency. The low sweat Na/K ratio (0.25) and the good suppressing efficacy of
      dexamethasone and of the spironolactones on hypertension and on the hypokalemic
      alkalosis agreed with the hypersecretion of a mineralocorticoid. The secretion
      rate of 18 hydroxydeoxycorticosterone was high (91 mug/day/1.73 m2 vs. 40-80 mug
      per day and per 1.73 m2). As the mineralocorticoid potency of this steroid is
      weak, we speculate that it might be the precursor of a more potent but unknown
      mineralocorticoid which could influence the ACTH secretion.

PMID- 181395
TI  - Rapid appearance of transient secondary adrenocortical insufficiency after alpha
      particle radiation therapy for Cushing's disease.
AB  - A 17-year-old women received 12,000 rads of alpha-particle radiation for the
      treatment of Cushing's disease. One day after the completion of therapy, the
      patient developed nausea, vomiting, headache, and postural hypotension.
      Laboratory evaluation demonstrated a marked fall of the previously elevated
      urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and undetectable plasma cortisols.
      The urinary 17-OHCS transiently returned to supranormal levels but over a 2 1/2
      week period decreased and then remained low. The patient also demonstrated a
      subnormal urinary aldosterone excretion in relation to plasma renin activity
      (PRA) during 10 mEq/24 h sodium restriction. The remainder of the endocrine
      evaluation was normal, suggesting that pituitary function otherwise remained
      intact. One and one-half years after alpha-particle therapy, the patients's
      urinary 17-OHCS were normal and responded normally to metyrapone. The
      relationship between urinary aldosterone excretion and PRA also was normal. It is
      postulated that there was an infarction of an ACTH secreting pituitary tumor
      leaving the remainder of the pituitary intact. Achronically elevated circulating
      level of ACTH with sudden loss of ACTH secretion appeared to have been
      responsible for the initial low urinary aldosterone as well as the low urinary 17
      OHCS. This is the first reported case of a presumed pituitary tumor infarction in
      association with alpha-particle pituitary radiation.

PMID- 181397
TI  - Thyroid antigen stimulates lymphocytes from patients with Graves' disease to
      produce thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI).
AB  - Circulating lymphocytes from patients with Graves' disease and from control
      subjects were cultured in vitro alone, with normal human thyroid tissue
      homogenates, and with other nonthyroid human tissue homogenates. The supernatants
      of these cultures were assayed for human thyroid-stimulating activity by
      incubation with human thyroid slices in which increases in cAMP levels were then
      measured. Human thyroid stimulator activity was demonstrated in 16 out of 20
      experiments in which lymphocytes from patients with active untreated Graves'
      disease (with hyperthyroidism) were cultured with normal thyroid homogenate, in 4
      out of 17 experiments when control lymphocytes were similarly cultured, and in
      one out of 12 experiments in which the lymphocytes from the patients with Graves'
      disease were cultured with liver or gastric mucosa homogenate. Thyroid
      stimulating activity was abolished by precipitation of the globulin from the
      supernatant by goat anti-human globulin serum. These results demonstrate that
      normal human thyroid tissue homogenates can specifically stimulate most
      lymphocytes from patients with Graves' disease and lymphocytes from a few normal
      subjects to produce human thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in vitro. This
      suggests that the human thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins are auto-antibodies
      to normal thyroid constituents, but the possiblity that an antigenic change in
      the thyroid initiates the disease cannot be entirely excluded. The findings
      suggest that the prime change in Graves' disease is immunologic, perhaps a
      failure of immunological suppression.

PMID- 181396
TI  - Effect of an antiserotoninergic drug, metergoline, on the ACTH and cortisol
      response to insulin hypoglycemia and lysine-vasopressin in man.
AB  - The effect of metergoline, a specific antiserotoninergic drug, on ACTH secretion
      was investigated in 29 normal volunteers and in 4 patients with increased ACTH
      production (3 with Addison's disease, 1 with Cushing's disease). In 15 normal
      subjects, a 4-day treatment with 10 mg daily of metergoline significantly blunted
      the ACTH response to insulin hypoglycemia. Mean peak ACTH values before and after
      treatment were, respectively, 333 +/- 39.2 (SE) and 235 +/- 38.8 pg/ml (P less
      than 0.05). The corresponding values of plasma cortisol were 29.6 +/- 2.96 and
      20.5 +/- 2.67 mug/100 ml (P less than 0.05). In contrast, metergoline failed to
      affect the ACTH response to lysine-vasopressin (LVP) administered iv (8 subjects
      studied) and im (6 subjects studied). In 3 patients suffering from Addison's
      disease, an appreciable although not statistically significant lowering of the
      plasma ACTH levels was noted during metergoline administration. The mean pre- and
      post-treatment values of plasma ACTH in these patients were, respectively, 1116
      +/- 192.2 and 666 +/- 100.8 pg/ml, 4240 +/- 50.0 and 3398 +/- 368.0 pg/ml, and
      431 +/- 44.0 and 352 +/- 23.9 pg/ml. In one patient with Cushing's disease caused
      by a pituitary adenoma, metergoline did not appreciably modify plasma ACTH
      levels. Taken together, these results lend support to the concept of a
      physiological stimulating effect of serotonin on ACTH secretion. Moreover, they
      are compatible with the view that serotonin exerts its action chiefly at the
      hypothalamic level while LVP promotes ACTH release by a primary action on the
      pituitary.

PMID- 181398
TI  - Thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, cAMP and DNA in human thyroid.
AB  - Tissues from normal thyroid, euthyroid multinodular goiter, toxic goiter,
      Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid adenoma, and carcinoma were examined for their
      content of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thyroid peroxidase activity (TPA),
      thyroglobulin (TG), and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). Compared
      with normal thyroids DNA was increased in the neoplastic tissues and decreased in
      euthyroid multinodular goiter. Quantitative changes of thyroglobulin were
      observed, especially in the thyroid tumors, and, in one case, immunoreactive 4S
      thyroglobulin-like protein was identified in the absence of 19S. TPA was grossly
      elevated in toxic goiter. This may be of significance in the pathogenesis of
      Graves' disease. TPA remained elevated even after adequate control of
      hyperthyroidism by preoperative PTU treatment. The cyclic AMP concentration in
      toxic goiter did not statistically differ from normal. This may indicate that
      extrathyroidal regulatory factors have a lesser role in the genesis and
      perpetuation of Graves' disease than otherwise believed. Cyclic AMP is known to
      exert a negative influence on tissue growth, and low concentrations in neoplasia
      have been reported. The values in the thyroid tumors studied were elevated,
      requiring further explanation.

PMID- 181399
TI  - Systematic variables affecting simian virus 40-induced T-antigen expression and
      transformation in human cells.
AB  - Simian virus 40 (SV40) infection of human skin fibroblast and human tumor cells
      resulted in the expression of T-antigen and transformed foci. By examining
      various conditions of input virus multiplicity and initial cell density, the
      systematic variation of T-antigen determination was minimized. The most uniform
      results were obtained at multiplicities of about 275 plaque-forming units/cell.
      Within limits (5 X 10(4) to 2 X 10(5) cells/dish), initial cell density had
      little effect on T-antigen expression. Volume of virus inoculum was critical for
      some cell lines, but not for others. Cell passage level had no general effect on
      T-antigen expression, although specific cell lines demonstrated increased or
      decreased levels of T-antigen expression with serial passage for no apparent
      reason. T-antigen expression correlated with virus-induced cell transformation
      (focus formation) at two different multiplicities. In addition, T-antigen assays
      at 3 days gave consistently more reproducible results than transformation assays
      at 21 days in seven cell lines tested at two multiplicities of infection. These
      results defined input multiplicity as the major source of systematic variability
      and will permit development of a more reproducible tool in the evaluation of
      individuals at high risk of cancer.

PMID- 181400
TI  - Detection of virus-specific immunoglobulins using a doubly labeled fluorescein
      125I antibody.
AB  - Commercially prepared fluorescein-labeled antihuman antibodies were labed with
      125I and used to compre specific herpes simplex virus antibody titers as
      determined by indirect fluorescent antibody and radioimmunoassay techniques.
      Total virus-specific immunoglobulin and virus-specific immunoglobulin G titers
      did not vary by more than one twofold dilution when compared by the two methods.

PMID- 181401
TI  - Elaboration of toxic oxygen by-products by neutrophils in a model of immune
      complex disease.
AB  - Contact between human neutrophils and aggregated immunoglobulin G bound to
      micropore filters has been studied as a model of the pathogenesis of tissue
      damage in immune complex disease. Contact with this surface, as well as with
      plain filters and polystyrene petri dishes, induced neutrophils to elaborate
      superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide and to generate chemiluminescence, which
      has been attributed to singlet oxygen. Pretreatment of the cells with
      cytochalasin B decreased these activities but increased release of lysosomal beta
      glucuronidase, suggesting that degranulation and the burst of oxygen metabolism
      that characterizes phagocytes are independently regulated functions. Toxic oxygen
      metabolites released from neutrophils are highly reactive and could mediate
      tissue injury at sites of inflammation.

PMID- 181402
TI  - The effects of spontaneous obesity on insulin binding, glucose transport, and
      glucose oxidation of isolated rat adipocytes.
AB  - We have studied insulin, binding, glucose transport, and glucose oxidation, using
      large adipocytes isolated from older, fatter rats (greater than 12-mo-old,
      greater than 550 g), and smaller cells obtained from younger, leaner animals (4-5
      wk-old, 120-160 g). At media glucose levels less than 5 mM, basal (absence of
      insulin) rates of glucose oxidation are comparable in both groups of cells.
      However, in the presence of insulin, the increase in glucose oxidation is much
      greater in the smaller cells. Maximally effective insulin levels could not
      overcome the defect in glucose oxidation by larger cells, and thus, even though
      studies of insulin binding demonstrated a 30-40% decrease in insulin receptors on
      the larger cells, it is probable that the defect in glucose oxidation is distal
      to the insulin receptor. Glucose transport was assessed by direct measurement of
      2-deoxy glucose uptake. Basal levels of uptake were greater for the larger cells,
      whereas at maximally effective insulin concentrations, rates of 2-deoxy glucose
      uptake were the same for both groups of cells. Thus, in the presence of maximally
      effective levels of insulin, the apparent Km (2.3-2.7 mM) and Vmax values (2.6
      and 2.7 nmol/10(5) cells per min) of 2-deoxy glucose uptake were comparable,
      indicating that the glucose transport system of the larger cells was intact.
      However, at submaximal levels of insulin, small adipocytes took up more 2-deoxy
      glucose than larger cells. These findings represent a rightward shift in the
      insulin dose-response curve in the cells from the older, fatter animals, and this
      is the predicted functional sequelae of the observed decrease in insulin
      receptors. Finally, when the amount of insulin bound was plotted as a function of
      2-deoxy glucose uptake, no difference was seen between both groups of cells. This
      indicates that coupling between insulin receptor complexes and the glucose
      transport system is intact in large adipocytes, and is further evidence that a
      defect(s) in intracellular glucose metabolism is responsible for the decrease in
      glucose oxidation of adipocytes from older, fatter rats. IN CONCLUSION: (a)
      insulin-mediated glucose oxidation is markedly decreased in large adipocytes from
      older, fatter rats, and since this decrease cannot be corrected by maximally
      effective insulin levels, the defect is probably distal to the insulin receptor;
      (b) the glucose transport system is basically normal in large adipocytes; (c)
      insulin binding to receptors is decreased in large cells and the functional
      sequelae of this decrease in insulin binding i.e., a rightward shift in the
      insulin dose-response curve for 2-deoxy glucose uptake, was observed, and (d)
      since the decreased rates of insulin-mediated glucose oxidation can not be
      attributed to changes in insulin receptors or to changes in glucose transport, an
      intracellular defect in glucose metabolism is suggested.

PMID- 181403
TI  - A 25-hydroxylation pathway of cholic acid biosynthesis in man and rat.
AB  - This paper describes a pathway of cholic acid synthesis, in man and in the rat,
      which involves 25-hydroxylated intermediates and is catalyzed by microsomal and
      soluble enzymes. The subcellular localization, stereospecificity, and other
      properties of the enzymes involved were studied with liver fractions of
      normolipidemic subjects, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis patients, and rats. 5beta
      Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol was converted to 5beta-cholestane
      3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24beta,25-pentol by the microsomal fraction in the presence
      of NADPH and O2. 5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24alpha,25-pentol, 5beta
      cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,-23xi,25-pentol, and 5beta-cholestane
      3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25,26-pentol were also formed. In the presence of NAD,
      5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24beta,25-pentol, but not the other 5beta
      cholestanepentols formed, was converted to cholic acid by soluble enzymes in good
      yield. These experiments demonstrate the existence of a pathway for side-chain
      degradation in cholic acid synthesis which does not involve hydroxylation at C-26
      or the participation of mitochondria.

PMID- 181405
TI  - Differences in the attenuation of ultrasound by normal, benign, and malignant
      breast tissue.
AB  - In quantitative measurements of the attenuation of ultrasound in 18 samples of
      variously normal, benign, and malignant breast tissue, we found significantly
      different ranges of attenuation. As observed in previous in vivo studies, with
      the exception of medullary carcinoma, malignant tissue produces the most
      attentuation of ultrasound in the frequency range of 1.5 to 3.0 MHz we employed.
      The apparatus, measurement method, results, and the possible causes of the
      differences in attenuation are presented.

PMID- 181404
TI  - Effect of aspirin on normal and cholera toxin-stimulated intestinal electrolyte
      transport.
AB  - The effect of aspirin on normal and cholera toxin-stimulated electrolyte
      transport has been investigated in vitro, because this drug appears to inhibit
      cholera toxin-induced intestinal secretion in in vivo animal models. In the
      Ussing chamber, 10 mM aspirin decreased the control rabbit ileal potential
      difference and short-circuit current by 50% and increased conductance by 28%.
      Bidirectional electrolyte flux determinations showed that aspirin significantly
      increased both Na and Cl absorption and reduced flux (which probably represents
      HCO3 secretion) to zero. This effect of aspirin appears to be identical to that
      reported to others with catecholamines as determined with similar techniques.
      However, alpha-adrenergic blockers did not prevent the electrical effects of
      aspirin, suggesting that aspirin does not have its effect through release of
      tissue stores of catecholamines. In the presence of aspirin, cholera toxin
      increased the potential difference and short-circuit current, and decreased the
      conductance of rabbit ileum in a fashion qualitatively similar to control
      tissues. However, aspirin reversed cholera toxin-stimulated Na transport from
      secretion to absorption, inhibited cholera toxin, induced Cl secretion by 58% and
      partially, but not significantly, inhibited HCO3 secretion. Thus, the inhibitory
      effect of aspirin on cholera toxin-induced electrolyte secretion appears to be
      due to aspirin-stimulated Na and Cl absorption. Although aspirin reduced tissue
      cyclic AMP concentrations in normal and cholera toxin-stimulated ileum, it also
      inhibited the electrolyte secretion induced by exogenous cyclic AMP. Thus, if
      aspirin's stimulatory effect on sodium and anion absorption in normal tissue and
      its inhibitory effect on cholera toxin-stimulated sodium and anion secretion
      involves a cyclic AMP-mediated system, the effect must be a step distal to cyclic
      AMP production or degradation. The exact mechanism of aspirin's effect on normal
      and cholera toxin-induced electrolyte transport, and its possible usefulness in
      the treatment of cholera diarrhea, remains to be determined.

PMID- 181406
TI  - Infection of man by swine vesicular disease virus.

PMID- 181407
TI  - The effect of infectious laryngotracheitis virus on the bursa of Fabricius of
      young chickens.

PMID- 181408
TI  - Studies of lesions produced in the brains of colostrum deprived lambs by
      Clostridium welchii (Cl. perfringens) type D toxin.

PMID- 181409
TI  - Comparison of binding proteins of glucocorticoids in mammary tissue and in blood
      sera from lactating cows.
AB  - Supernatant fractions (700 X g) isolated from homogenates of mammary tissue
      slices from three lactating Holstein cows (slices previously incubated with
      [hydrogen-3] cortisol for 1 h at 37 C) were electrophoresed on 7% polyacrylamide
      gels. The majority of radioactivity was in a protein(s) 2.5 to 3 cm from the
      origin whereas bovine serum incubated with [hydrogen-3] cortisol showed the
      majority of radioactivity in a protein 5 to 6 cm from the origin. N,N
      diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography of 700 X g supernatant fluids from
      three lactating cows revealed that [hydrogen-3] cortisol was associated with a
      protein component that eluted with .3 M potassium phosphate, pH 8.0. In contrast,
      [hydrogen-3] cortisol bound to bovine sera eluted as two protein components with
      .05 and .1 M potassium phosphate, pH 8.0. Approximate molecular weights
      determined from gel filtration (four lactating cows) and sucrose density studies
      (two lactating cows) were estimated to be 2.5 X 10(5) to 3 X 10(6) for the 700 X
      g mammary receptor of cortisol and 6 X 10)4) to 8 X 10(4) for the primary protein
      which binds cortisol in serum. We conclude that lactating bovine mammary tissue
      contains a protein(s) capable of binding tritiated cortisol which is unique from
      the corticosteroid binding proteins of blood.

PMID- 181410
TI  - Locus of control and patient attrition from an alcoholism treatment program.

PMID- 181411
TI  - Pagetoid Bowen's disease vs. extramammary Paget's disease.

PMID- 181412
TI  - Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) pulmonary disease: immunologic and inhalation
      challenge studies.
AB  - Clinical and serologic effects of TDI exposure were studied in 112 occupationally
      exposed plant workers. Sera were obtained before and after commencement of TDI
      production. All subjects were skin-tested with common inhalant allergens and a
      TDI-HSA conjugate. Total eosinophil counts, immunoglobulin quantitations, and
      specific antibody assays by PCA, P-K, and radioimmunoassay were performed.
      Clinically "sensitive" individuals were tested by provocative inhalation
      challenge with from 0.005 ppm to the threshold limit value of 0.02 ppm TDI. No
      TDI-induced immunologic changes were noted with the exception of 3 individuals
      who demonstrated small positive wheal-and-erythema reactions to TDI-HSA but not
      to HSA alone. Inhalation challenge with TDI vapor produced airways obstruction,
      as measured by FEF (25-75). These responses were of the immediate, delayed, and
      dual type, and were provoked in some cases with levels as low as 0.005 ppm TDI.

PMID- 181413
TI  - Polyunsaturated meat and dairy products in fat-modified food patterns for
      hyperlipidemia.
AB  - Polyunsaturated meat and dairy products were compared with their saturated
      counterparts to determine their usefulness in a fat-modified diet for
      hyperlipidemic persons and their spouses. These polyunsaturated animal products
      were produced by feeding cattle a supplement of oil droplets coated with
      denatured protein. As a result, the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was 27 to
      28 per cent of the meat fat and butterfat; saturated fatty acids (C12:0 to
      tc16:0) were 18 to 19 per cent. Of the eleven free-living subjects three were
      normocholesteremic, three had type IIa hyperlipidemia and five had type VI (IIb).
      In the fourteen-week study, an adjustment period of three weeks was followed by
      two consecutive experimental periods of four weeks each, then by a three-week
      follow-up period. During the adjustment period, participants continued to follow
      their usual eating patterns. During both experimental periods all followed the
      same prescribed fat modified food pattern using polyunsaturated margarine and
      oil. Five participants ate polyunsaturated beef and dairy products during the
      first experimental period and their saturated counterparts in the second; six
      participants ate saturated products first, then polyunsaturated. During the
      follow-up period, all participants selected all their own food. Serum cholesterol
      levels in five participants who had not previously followed a fat-modified diet
      were reduced by 18 per cent with polyunsaturated animal products and 11 per cent
      with saturated products. Serum cholesterol in six participants, previously on a
      fat-modified diet, was not significantly changed with polyunsaturated products.
      In ten of eleven participants, serum cholesterol levels were an average of 6 per
      cent lower with polyunsaturated products than with saturated products. It is
      concluded that polyunsaturated animal products are suitable for use in fat
      modified food patterns for reducing hyperlipidemia, with some restrictions in the
      amount of polyunsaturated animal fat and with the inclusion of polyunsaturated
      oil and margarine.

PMID- 181414
TI  - The Pan American Medical Women's Alliance (Alianza Panamerica de Medicas) xiv
      Congress: a report.

PMID- 181415
TI  - Health problems in Mexico.

PMID- 181416
TI  - Why patients decide to discontinue renal dialysis.

PMID- 181417
TI  - Infectious diseases in the Province of Manabi, Ecuador, 1970-1974.

PMID- 181418
TI  - Program of radiologic protection in Latin America.

PMID- 181419
TI  - Feminism: a support system for women physicians.

PMID- 181420
TI  - Immunoreactive corticotrophin reserve in old age in man during and after surgical
      stress.
AB  - Attempts have been made to establish whether the immunoreactive corticotrophin
      (IR-ACTH) reserve was impaired in old age during surgical stress and whether an
      exhaustion of the IR-ACTH reserve could be traced postoperatively. Recognition of
      the degenerative changes of the senescent adenohypophysis has made this
      investigation essential in an effort to analyze factors responsible for the high
      risk involved in surgery on the aged. In the study 18 young and 14 elderly
      patients were subjected to elective abdominal or thoracic surgery, and the IR
      ACTH response was determined. No significant age-related difference in response
      to surgery was found. On the 5th day after operation an intravenous metyrapone
      test was carried out, and the IR-ACTH response in plasma determined. In the
      elderly, the IR-ACTH response to metyrapone was not found to be inferior to that
      in the young patients. It was concluded that the IR-ACTH reserve was unimpaired
      during surgery in old age and that exhaustion was not in evidence based on
      unimpaired IR-ACTH response during repeated stress in the postoperative period.
      Therefore, decreased ACTH reserve seems not to be a factor involved in the higher
      surgical risk in the elderly.

PMID- 181421
TI  - [Malignant cyto-trophoblastic tumors following the abortion of a mole. Their
      treatment with methotrexate alone or in conjunction with surgery].
AB  - We report six case histories of malignant tumours following abortion of moles. In
      three cases their surgical removal allowed us to control them by histology: two
      of these were destruens chorio-adenomata, one case only was a choriocarcinoma. In
      the three other cases the cure was obtained by the sole use of anti-mitotic
      drugs. This treatment was undertaken on bioclinical evidence of malignancy which
      is certainly not foolproof, but which is practical in use, when one appreciates
      how difficult it is to diagnose some of these post-mole tumours histologically.
      There is a place for the surgical treatment of these cases in spite of the
      usefulness of Methotrexate. This place varies according to the age of the
      patients and the resistance of the tumours to treatment with anti-mitotic drugs.

PMID- 181422
TI  - [Prevention of the malignant form of trophoblastic disease after a hydatidiform
      mole: systematic or selective chemotherapy].
AB  - After a mole has been evacuated there are two ways of treating the condition:
      routine chemotherapy from the beginning or chemotherapy reserved for selected
      cases. They offer the same chances of cure. Seeing that the risk of malignancy in
      our country is 5 per cent and that selective chemotherapy only exposes a small
      number of patients to the risk of such treatment, we have adopted the scheme of
      follow-up suggested by Bagshawe and recommended by OERTC. The follow-up is based
      on radio-immune assay for HCG carried out at regular intervals for two years.
      Only cases where the level of HCG is higher than 25,000 international units per
      litre, one month after curettage, or cases where the rise in HCG is associated
      with metastases, are treated with chemotherapy. In our experience, which is based
      on 20 cases, we acknowledge the value of radio-immune assaying. It is superior to
      immunological tests used for pregnancy diagnosis in sensitivity. It also appears
      to us that systematic treatment routinely administered and treatment based on
      raised levels of HCG two months after evacuation of a mole are useless. Only 3
      cases were treated with chemotherapy out of the 20 cases that were followed up.
      We have had no malignancy after 2 and 3 years of checking back on the patients.
      Treatment given routinely from the start would have been unnecessary exposure to
      the risks of chemotherapy for 17 patients. Had we taken into account the abnormal
      rise in HCG after 8 weeks we would still have treated 7 patients instead of 3
      with the same results as far as cure. We have worked out a graph for the drop in
      the levels of HCG after a mole has been evacuated. This may serve as a base for
      criteria for treatment in the future. Cases where the levels of HCG are above the
      95 percentile are considered as at risk to evolve into malignant forms of
      disease. Consequently earlier treatment can be started (before the 6th month)
      without altering the number of patients who are going to be treated.

PMID- 181489
TI  - Histochemical localization of potassium-stimulated P-nitrophenylphosphatase
      activity in the somatosensory cortex of the rat.
AB  - Potassium-stimulated p-nitrophenylphosphatase (K+-pNPPase) activity was
      investigated in rat somatosensory cortex where 64-88% of enzymatic activity
      survived 5-10 min of fixation with 3% formaldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH
      7.4. Potassium-stimulated activity was inhibited by 1-10 mM ouabain. Levamisole
      (1.7 mM) inhibited brain alkaline phosphatase activity, facilitating the
      detection of K+-pNPPase activity. Strontium (10-20 mM) inhibited enzymatic
      activity by 38-75%. In parallel histochemical studies reaction product was found
      in strata, with cortical layers 2, 3, 4 and the outer portion of 5 containing the
      heaviest deposits. Highly reactive, vertically oriented, large diameter fibers
      were seen as groups between the outer portion of layer 5 and the pail surface.
      These fibers apparently arborize in the superficial layers. Smaller fibers were
      also positive and were oriented in various planes. The highest density of
      smaller, positive fibers occurred in layers 2 through 5. All positive fibers
      appeared to be axons or dendrites. Reaction product was not heavily concentrated
      in neuron perikarya or in glial elements. Sections did not contain reaction
      product when incubated in media lacking K+ or containing ouabain. The convergence
      of data from parallel histochemical and biochemical approaches supports the
      conclusion that the reactivity localized in the cerebral cortex represented the
      site of K+-pNPPase, a known component of the Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase
      complex. Neuronal processes demonstrated the highest enzymatic activity and may
      be most important in the active transport of Na+ and K+ in somatosensory cortex.

PMID- 181491
TI  - In vitro stimulation of neutrophil motility by levamisole: maintenance of cgmp
      levels in chemotactically stimulated levamisole-treated neutrophils.
AB  - Levamisole at concentrations of 10(-3) M or 10(-4) M consistently increased
      neutrophil random motility and chemokinesis (stimulated random migration).
      Similar concentrations also increased directional movement of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes to both endotoxin-activated serum and hydrolyzed casein. This effect
      on chemotaxis was due to a true stimulation and was not due solely to increased
      random movement. The effect of levamisole on the neutrophils could be removed by
      washing, but persisted if the cells were initially treated with levamisole and
      serum or endotoxin-activated serum. After neutrophil stimulation with chemotactic
      factor an initial rise in intracellular cyclic AMP levels was detected which was
      not influenced by prior levamisole treatment. Intracellular cyclic GMP levels
      after an initial slight depression, returned to resting levels and gradually
      diminished over a 60-minute period. Levamisole-treated cells consistently showed
      higher cyclic GMP levels and it is postulated that by maintaining intracellular
      cyclic GMP levels, microtubular assembly and cell motility might be enhanced.

PMID- 181490
TI  - Cellular immunity in chronic Theiler's virus central nervous system infection.
AB  - After (IC) inoculation of the DA strain of TMEV, SJL/J mice develop chronic CNS
      infection with marked mononuclear cell infiltration of spinal cord leptomeninges
      and white matter and concomitant demyelination. In the present study the temporal
      course of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to virus were measured in
      this infection. It was shown that chronic TMEV infection is associated with the
      development of immunologically specific spleen cell reactivity as judged by in
      vitro incorporation of 3H-TdR into DNA in response to inactivated TMEV antigen.
      Spleen cell reactivity is first detectable about 2 months after infection,
      persists for at least 1 year, and correlates with the temporal development of
      serum-neutralizing antibody. The late development of sensitized spleen cells is
      not the result of an immunosuppressive effect of this virus infection since
      infected mice exhibit normal spleen cell proliferative responses to T cell
      mitogens and produce normal antibody responses to a heterologous protein antigen,
      sheep red blood cells. In addition, anti-viral antibody inhibits virus-induced
      spleen cell reactivity. Finally, the antigen-reactive lymphocyte subpopulation
      within the spleen responsible for proliferation to TMEV antigen are T cells and
      not B cells.

PMID- 181493
TI  - Juvenile hormone regulation of CYCLIC AMP and cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in
      Oncopeltus fasciatus.

PMID- 181492
TI  - Inhibition by rheumatoid factor, anti-FC, and staphylococcal protein A of
      antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis against Herpes simplex virus-infected
      cells.
AB  - Incubation of herpes simplex virus-infected human fibroblasts with the serum from
      a patient with herpes labialis rendered the cells susceptible to immune lysis by
      human mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) as well as complement. If, before the addition
      of MNL, the antibody-treated, infected monolayers were incubated with either IgM
      rheumatoid factor (RF), staphylococcal protein A (SPA), or anti-Fc gamma serum,
      antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis (ADCC) was markedly depressed. SPA and
      anti-Fc caused maximal inhibition (greater than 90%), whereas RF resulted in a
      72% depression. The inhibition of ADCC was dependent on both the concentration of
      the Fc-reacting materials incubated with the antibody-coated target cells and the
      concentration of antiviral antibody incubated with the virus-infected
      fibroblasts. Experiments indicated that the Fc-reacting materials depressed ADCC
      at the target cell level by covering or altering Fc sites on cell-bound antiviral
      antibody.

PMID- 181494
TI  - The role of prostaglandin E, cyclic AMP, and cyclic GMP in the proliferation of
      guinea-pig ear skin stimulated by topical application of vitamin A acid.
AB  - Daily treatment of guinea-pig ear skin with topical 0.5% retinoic acid in acetone
      produced erythematous scaly dermatitis. Histologic sections revealed bandlike
      thickening of the epidermis on days 2 to 4, psoriasiform acanthosis,
      papillomatosis and increased mitotic activity on days 5 to 6. Also seen were
      dilatation of the upper dermal blood vessels and a fibroblastic, histiocytic
      reaction in the dermis. Prostaglandin E, cyclic AMP, and cyclic GMP levels were
      increased in the treated skin and thymidine incorporation was enhanced. Cyclic
      AMP and GMP levels peaked on day 5 simultaneous with maximal epidermal
      hyperplasia, increased mitotic activity and dermal reaction. Tritiated thymidine
      uptake peaked on days 4 and 5, and prostaglandin E levels continued to increase
      up to day 6. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity of treated skin on day 5 did
      not appear to be significantly different from control.

PMID- 181495
TI  - Cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase and epidermal mitosis.
AB  - The relationship between cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) inhibition and
      inhibition of epidermal mitosis was examined for several compounds using a
      soluble, low Km PDE activity from hairless mouse skin and the G2 mouse ear
      mitosis assay. Orders of potency determined at IC50 levels (concentrations
      required for 50% inhibition) were SQ 20009 greater than RO 20-1724 greater than
      papaverine greater than bufexamac greater than indomethacin greater than
      theophylline greater than p-biphenylylacetic acid greater than or less than
      glycyrrhetinic acid for inhibition of both PDE and mitosis. The
      disproportionately high antimitotic potency of puromycin relative to PDE
      inhibition was believed to reflect effects on protein biosynthesis. Activity of
      the three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (bufexamac, indomethacin, and p
      biphenylylacetic acid) was unrelated to their effect on prostaglandin synthesis
      in homogenates of hairless mouse skin. The results suggest that the epidermal
      antimitotic activity of the compounds tested is related to their inhibition of
      cAMP-PDE and provide additional support for cAMP as a regulator of the G2 stage
      of the epidermal cell cycle.

PMID- 181496
TI  - Intranuclear tonofilaments in verruca vulgaris.
AB  - Electron microscopic examination of a verruca vulgaris has revealed the
      intranuclear inclusion of tonofibrils. Although many intracellular inclusions may
      be related directly to the virus, nonviral inclusions may also be present.

PMID- 181497
TI  - Host immune responses after administration of inactivated Venezuelan equine
      encephalomyelitis virus vaccines. II. Kinetics of neutralizing antibody responses
      in donors and adoptively immunized recipients.
AB  - Lymphoid cell responses to immunization with various formalin-inactivated
      Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus vaccines were monitored in mice
      by assessment of the development of both the neutralizing antibody response in
      sera of spleen cell donors and the adoptive neutralizing antibody response
      induced by spleen cell transfer in recipients. Donors immunized intraperitoneally
      with formalin-inactivated VEE vaccine (a single dose or a dose on three
      consecutive days) developed early serum neutralizing antibody responses (larger
      than or equal to 1:88-1:100) by seven days after immunization. Recipients of
      spleen cells from such mice were, however, incapable of eliciting a neutralizing
      antibody response (less than or equal to 1:10). Only spleen cells from donors
      immunized with inactivated VEE vaccine plus adjuvants (particularly complete
      Freund's adjuvant and Bordetella pertussis) were consistently capable of
      producing early, high-titer serum neutralizing antibody responses in adoptively
      immunized recipients (larger than or equal to 1:50-1:120 on day 4). The magnitude
      of neutralizing antibody responses of donors to inactivated VEE vaccines did not
      serve as a useful indicator of whether spleen cells from such mice could
      adoptively induce antibody responses in recipients. Finally, treatment of immune
      spleen cells with rabbit antiserum to mouse thymocytes, but not with rabbit
      antiserum to mouse gamma-globulin or normal rabbit serum, abolished the capacity
      of such cells to transfer an antibody response adoptively.

PMID- 181498
TI  - Effect of human immune serum globulin on infectivity of hepatitis A virus.
AB  - A standard preparation of immune serum globulin containing a titer of immune
      adherence hemagglutination hepatitis A antibody of 1:3,200 neutralized the
      infectivity of MS-1 serum. An inoculation of MS-1 serum was followed by the
      following evidence of hepatitis A infection in eight of 14 seronegative
      recipients: (1) abnormal values for serum aspartate aminotransferase after an
      incubation period of 29-42 days, and (2) no detectable immune adherence
      hemagglutination hepatitis A antibody (less than 1:5) before exposure, and an
      eightfold or greater increase in antibody titer during convalescence. In
      contrast, inoculation of the mixture of MS-1 serum and immune serum globulin was
      followed by (1) normal values for aspartate aminotransferase in all eight
      seronegative recipients, and (2) evidence of an antibody response (indicating
      subclinical infection) in two of the eight. Under the conditions of this study,
      the use of the preparation of immune serum globulin described prevented or
      modified hepatitis A infection.

PMID- 181499
TI  - Microbiologic assays and neurological toxicity during use of adenine arabinoside
      in humans.
AB  - Patients with herpesvirus infections were given intravenous injections of 10-20
      mg of adenine arabinoside (ara-A)/kg per day. When given the higher dosage, some
      patients with chronic hematologic conditions showed mild to moderate additional
      depressions in the level of hemoglobin. The number of neutrophils and platelets
      did not decrease, even when numbers were low at the onset of treatment with ara
      A. Two patients with Hodgkin's disease who received 20 mg of ara-A/kg per day
      developed a transient motor aphasia resembling akinetic mutism. With the regimens
      of ara-A used and challenge inocula of approximately 50 plaque-forming units of
      virus, the minimal inhibitory concentrations of ara-A and hypoxanthine
      arabinoside for herpesviruses are usually not achieved in serum but may be
      attained in body fluids (urine and vesicular fluid). Antiviral activity in
      vesicular fluids is likely to involve a combination of ara-A, hypoxanthine
      arabinoside, and interferon.

PMID- 181500
TI  - Hepatitis A antigen particles in liver, bile, and stool of chimpanzees.
AB  - Virus-like hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) particles, presumably hepatitis A virus,
      were isolated from the liver, bile, and stool of three chimpanzees that had been
      infected with stool filtrates containing HA Ag particles. Specimens of serum,
      stool, liver biopsy material, and bile were obtained at selected intervals during
      the experiment. The animals developed mild hepatitis 19-21 days after
      inoculation, and antibody to HA Ag appeared de novo in their convalescent-phase
      serum. During acute illness, virus-like particles similar to the HA Ag particle
      were seen in liver cell cytoplasm by electron microscopy. HA Ag particles were
      detected by immune electron microscopy and a new radioimmunoassay in
      isopycnically banded samples of liver, bile, and stool. HA Ag particles were
      found at densities of 1.29-1.39 g/cm3, but the major peak density for antigen
      particles in samples of liver, bile, and stool was approximately 1.34 g/cm3. The
      fact that HA Ag particles can be recovered from chimpanzee liver, bile, and stool
      makes these potentially important sources of infectious and antigenic materials.

PMID- 181501
TI  - [Pertussis in Chiba Prefecture: with special reference to serological
      observation].

PMID- 181502
TI  - The transport of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in human blood.
AB  - The concentrations and distributions of major lipids (cholesterol, phospholipid,
      and triglyceride), tocopherol and carotenoids were determined in the plasma
      lipoprotein fractions (VLDL, LDL, and HDL) of (1) normal human subjects, (2)
      patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, and (3) patients with erythropoietic
      protoporphyria treated with oral beta-carotene and/or alpha-tocopherol. The
      distribution of tocopherol (in percent) was most closely correlated with the
      distribution of total lipids in the individual lipoproteins, while the major
      portion of beta-carotene was present in the low density lipoproteins,
      irrespective of the lipid distribution in the lipoproteins (except for one
      subject with hyperchylomicronemia). The alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene
      concentrations of plasma and RBC in patients treated with tocopherol and carotene
      were determined periodically for a one-year period. Plasma and RBC tocopherol
      concentrations showed a rapid, parallel increase in response to tocopherol
      supplementation. In contrast, the plasma and RBC carotene concentrations showed a
      much slower and nonparallel increase in response to carotene administration. When
      carotene supplementation was stopped, the elevated carotene levels in both plasma
      and RBC persisted for several months; the elevated plasma carotene level
      persisted longer than the raised RBC carotene levels. These results suggest that
      alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene are transported differently in the circulation
      and that the tissue storage and mobilization of these compounds are different.

PMID- 181503
TI  - Inhibition of adenosine 3':k'-monophosphate accumulation white fat acids,
      lactate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate.
AB  - The large increase in cyclic AMP accumulation by rat white fat cells seen in the
      presence of lipolytic agents plus methylxanthines and adenosine deaminase was
      markedly inhibited by lactate. However, lipolysis was unaffected by lactate.
      Octanoate, hexanoate, heptanoate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate inhibited both cyclic
      AMP accumulation and lipolysis by rat fat cells. The mechanism by which these
      acids inhibit lipolysis differs from that for long chain fatty acids such as
      oleate. Oleate directly inhibited triglyceride lipase activity of homogenized rat
      adipose tissue. In contrast, octanoate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and lacatate had no
      effect on triglyceride lipase activity. Hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase
      activity of rat fat cell ghosts was inhibited by oleate and 4mM octanoate but not
      by 1.6 mM octanoate, heptanoate, hexanoate, beta-hydroxybutyrate or lactate. None
      of the acids affected the soluble protein kinase activity of rat adipose tissue.
      There was no stimulation by lactate, butyrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, or octanoate
      of the soluble or particulate cyclic AMP antilipolytic action of a short chain
      acid such as octanoate or hexanoate was not accompanied by any drop in total fat
      cell ATP. The mechanism by which lactate lowers cyclic AMP but not lipolysis
      remains to be established.

PMID- 181504
TI  - An improved two dimensional thin-layer chromatography system for the separation
      of phosphatidylglycerol and its derivatives.
AB  - A two dimensional thin-layer chromatography system has been devised for the
      improved separations of phosphatidylglycerol and its derivaties, cardiolipin and
      bis/monoacylglyceryl)phosphate, from the other phospholipid components of tissue
      total lipid extracts. The system employs silica gel G plates prepared with 0.4 M
      boric acid. Linear recovery of added phosphatidylglycerol was found, and
      phosphatidylglycerol did not cochromatograph with N, N
      dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine in this system. The phospholipid class
      composition of various rat tissues and a Morris 7777 hepatoma has been determined
      and compared with values from the literature.

PMID- 181505
TI  - Mandibular juvenile fibrous histiocytoma with ossification. A case report.

PMID- 181506
TI  - Estradiol receptor assay (ERA) in breast cancer.

PMID- 181507
TI  - Proceedings: regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone synthesis in man.

PMID- 181508
TI  - Proceedings: Secondary adrenal insufficiency due to cyproterone acetate.

PMID- 181509
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of glucose and gastrointestinal hormones on the accumulation
      and efflux of cyclic AMP from isolated islets of langerhans of lean and obese
      hyperglycaemic mice.

PMID- 181510
TI  - Proceedings: In-vivo studies of parathyroid hormone action on chick kidney cyclic
      adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate content using rapid tissue fixation.

PMID- 181511
TI  - PROCEEDINGS: Granule numbers and hormone stores in the rat neurohypophysis during
      saline dehydration.

PMID- 181512
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone on stress-induced release
      of corticotrophin.

PMID- 181513
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of hypothalamic extracts and corticosteroids on pituitary
      adrenocorticotrophic activity.

PMID- 181515
TI  - Steroidogenic pathways and trophic response to adrenocorticotrophin of cultured
      adrenocortical cells in different states of differentiation.
AB  - Adrenocortical cells obtained from adult rats were propagated in monolayer
      culture. Depending on culture conditions, they grew either as lipid-containing
      epithelial-like cells with a high level of steroid production, or as fibroblast
      like cells with a low level of steroid production. The major fluorogenic steroid
      secreted by both morphologic forms of adrenal cortical cell was corticosterone as
      determined by chromatography and acid fluorometry. Basal fluorogenic steroid
      production per 10(6) cells over 24 h was: epithelial-like cells, 5.0-mug;
      fibroblast-like cells, 0-014 mug. Stimulation with ACTH for 5 days increased
      fluorogenic steroid production and induced morphologic changes in both adrenal
      cell forms. ACTH stimulation of fluorogenic steroid production by both cell forms
      reached a maximum after 3 days, then dropped to a refractory state after 5 days.
      With maximal ACTH stimulation, production increased 25-fold in fibroblast-like
      cells and five-fold in epithelial-like cells. The latter rate of corticosterone
      production is similar, per cell, to ACTH-stimulated adrenal glands in vivo.
      Progressive morphologic changes were observed with ACTH stimulation: epithelial
      like cells retracted from the substratum and lost lipid inclusions; fibroblast
      like cells became more epithelial-like. Both adrenal cell types formed
      intermediates from [4-(14)C] pregnenolone including pregn-5-ene-3 phi, 20 alpha
      diol and 20 alpha-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one. Control cultures of muscle fascia
      fibroblasts did not produce corticosterone or intermediates from [4-(14)C[
      pregnenolone and did not respond to ACTH functionally or morphologically.

PMID- 181514
TI  - Blood corticosteroids in Australian marsupial and placental mammals and one
      monotreme.
AB  - Peripheral blood corticosteroid levels were determined in nine species of
      Australian marsupial (Eastern grey kangaroo, black-tailed, Bennett's and
      pademelon wallabies, quokka, wombat, koala and Western native and tiger cats),
      one species of monotreme (echidna) and one placental Australian mammal (dingo).
      Animals were obtained or bled with minimal disturbance and came from areas
      considered to have adequate sodium content of the vegetation. Aldosterone,
      corticosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol were
      measured and levels found to be similar to five introduced eutherian species
      (sheep, cow, dog, fox and man) with the exception of the koala and the wombat.
      Cortisol was the predominant corticosteroid, except in the koala, which produced
      corticosterone in relatively the greatest quantity, and the wombat which produced
      more 11-deoxycortisol. Steroid levels were generally low in the wombat. ACTH
      administered to the koala changed its pattern of corticosteroid secretion from
      predominantly corticosterone to cortisol. In the dingo, administration of ACTH
      caused rises in corticosteroid levels similar to those seen in most other
      eutherian mammals.

PMID- 181516
TI  - Effect of guanyl nucleotides on parathyroid hormone-responsive adenylate cyclase
      in chick kidney.
AB  - Both guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) AND 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p)
      activated adenylate cyclase (EC4.6.1.1) in chick kidney plasma membranes. Half
      maximal stimulation occurred at 3-1 X 10(-6)M for both agents. The maximum
      increases in adenylate cyclase activity produced by GTP and Gpp(NH)p were
      respectively 130 and 720% over basal activity. At the end of a 12 min incubation
      period GTP concentration was 85% of that originally added in the presence of an
      ATP-regenerating system but less than 20% in its absence. GTP and guanosine 5'
      diphosphate inhibited the activation of adenylate cyclase by Gpp(NH)p, suggesting
      that they all acted at a common site. Gpp(NH)p facilitated the stimulation of
      adenylate cyclase activity by bovine parathyroid hormone (BPTH) and by the
      synthetic amino terminal fragment BPTH (1-34), decreasing the concentrations
      required for half-maximal enzyme activation by a factor of approximately eight in
      both cases. This property was not shared by the native nucleotide GTP. Gpp(NH)p
      rendered active (at certain concentrations) a synthetic parathyroid hormone
      peptide fragment, BPTH (2-34), which was incapable of Activating adenylate
      cyclase in the absence of the nucleotide analogue. This suggested that the GTP
      analogue, in addition to a direct effect upon adenylate cyclase activity, was
      capable of influencing hormone interaction with the enzyme complex.

PMID- 181517
TI  - Inhibition of oestradiol binding to oestrogen receptor proteins by a methyl
      substituted analogue of tamoxifen.

PMID- 181518
TI  - Effect of female sex hormones and adrenocorticotrophin on feline gastrin and
      gastric secretions.

PMID- 181519
TI  - Proceedings: Effects of oestradiol-17 beta and ICI 46,474 on total and accessible
      cytoplasmic oestradiol-17 beta receptors in dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat
      mammary tumours.

PMID- 181520
TI  - Proceedings: Acute influences of gelatin preparations of corticotrophin and some
      corticotrophin-related peptides in 'TO' strain mice.

PMID- 181521
TI  - Proceedings: Influence of human thyroid-stimulating hormone and immunoglobulins
      from patients with Graves' disease on human thyroid cyclic AMP.

PMID- 181522
TI  - Enzyme of microbial isolates from infected pulp chambers--a preliminary report.

PMID- 181523
TI  - Isoenzyme transitions of creatine phosphokinase, aldolase and phosphoglycerate
      mutase in differentiating mouse cells.
AB  - Extracts of embryonic mouse tissues (skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle, and
      brain) were analysed by Cellogel electrophoresis for their isoenzymic
      distributions of three enzymes, creatine phosphokinase, aldolase and
      phosphoglycerate mutase. Embryonic tissues from the 12th day to the end of
      gestation were examined for isoenzyme transitions, and it was found that the
      adult forms of these enzymes appeared during gestation. Extracts from cloned
      teratocarcinoma cells were similarly examined in order to determine their degree
      of bio-chemical differentiation. Undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells
      contained only the early embryonic forms of all three enzymes, while
      differentiated cells formed in vivo, and in some cases in vitro, started to
      express the adult types of creatine phosphokinase and aldolase. Thus, biochemical
      parallels have been demonstrated between developing embryonic tissues and
      teratocarcinoma cells differentiating in vitro.

PMID- 181524
TI  - Quantitation of the spatial distribution of 'prespore vacuoles' in
      pseudoplasmodia of Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The axial distribution of an organelle, the prespore vacuole (PV), previously
      reported absent from the prestalk region, was determined in pseudoplasmodia of
      varying sizes, under differing conditions of photostimulation of migration. The
      distribution of these organelles, determined quantitatively by electron
      microscopy of sections from known axial locations, was found to have a spatial
      pattern which varied with pseudoplasmodial size. The total complement of these
      organelles appeared constant for any size of pseudoplasmodium under similar
      conditions of illumination. Increased illumination decreased the total number of
      the organelles. The spatial distribution of PV varies with total cell number, and
      the size of the region with no PV bears no relationship to the proportion of the
      cell mass which would form stalk cells. Similarly, the number of cells containing
      PV bears no fixed relationship to the number of cells which will form spores. On
      these grounds, the reported role of PV, that of directing or reflecting spore
      differentiation, appears unlikely.

PMID- 181525
TI  - Biochemical correlates of adaptation processes in isolated frog photoreceptor
      membranes.
AB  - Frog rod outer segments isolated in suspension can maintain much of their in vivo
      activity. This observation provides us with a simpler system than the intact
      retina for correlating biochemical and physiological changes. The relevant
      physiological process, a decrease of sodium permeability by illumination, is
      assayed as light suppression of outer segment swelling in a modified Ringer's
      solution. We report here that this decrease is observed over approximately 4 log
      units of input light intensity and varies with the logarithm of intensity at
      light levels which bleach between 5.102 and 5.104 rhodopsin molecules/outer
      segment-second. In this illumination range responsiveness to light decreases as
      intensity increases. This sensitivity control system may be linked to light
      activated rhodopsin phosphorylation, for inhibitors of this reaction increase
      light sensitivity. The presence of a second system, which controls the maximum
      amplitude of in vitro response to light, is revealed in experiments with cyclic
      nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Papaverine addition raises intracellular
      cyclic GMP (guanosine monophosphate) levels and increases the magnitude of the
      dark permeability, but does not have a large influence on the amount of
      illumination required for suppression of this permeability. The data suggest that
      sensitivity and amplitude, as they are expressed in this in vitro system, are
      regulated by pharmacologically distinct pathways which use two different light
      sensitive enzyme systems.

PMID- 181526
TI  - Growth on D-arabitol of a mutant strain of Escherichia coli K12 using a novel
      dehydrogenase and enzymes related to L-1,2-propanediol and D-xylose metabolism.
AB  - Escherichia coli K12 cannot grow on D-arabitol, L-arabitol, ribitol or xylitol
      (Reiner, 1975). Using a mutant of E. coli K12 (strain 3; Sridhara et al., 1969)
      that can grow on L-1,2-propanediol, a second-stage mutant was isolated which can
      utilize D-arabitol as sole source of carbon and energy for growth. D-Arabitol is
      probably transported into the bacteria by the same system as that used for the
      transport of L-1,2-propanediol. The second-stage mutant constitutively
      synthesizes a new dehydrogenase, which is not present in the parent strain 3.
      This enzyme, whose native substrate may be D-galactose, apparently dehydrogenates
      D-arabitol to D-xylulose, and its structural gene is located at 68.5 +/- 1 min on
      the E. coli genetic map. D-Xylulose is subsequently catabolized by the enzymes of
      the D-xylose metabolic pathway.

PMID- 181528
TI  - Acid phosphatase activity in the wild-type and B-mutant hyphae of Schizophyllum
      commune.
AB  - In the wild-type and B-mutant hyphae of Schizophyllum commune, acid phosphatase
      activity was found in association with vacuoles, lipid bodies, and endoplasmic
      reticulum. Small granules containing acid phosphatase also occurred in
      mitochondria and along the nuclear envelope. Both ultrastructural and biochemical
      studies indicated greater acid phosphatase activity in the B-mutant than in the
      wild-type hyphae, which suggests that the mutation in the B incompatibility
      factor increases the production of the acid phosphatase in the mutant hyphae.

PMID- 181527
TI  - A comparative analysis of the ultrastructure of hydrocarbon-oxidizing micro
      organisms.
AB  - The ultrastructure of a variety of micro-organisms was compared after growth on
      hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon substrates. Hydrocarbon-grown organisms were
      characterized by the presence of intracellular electron-transparent inclusions
      which in many cases appeared membrane-bound. With one exception, non-hydrocarbon
      grown organisms did not contain electron-transparent inclusions. Insignificant
      amounts of poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid were produced by the hydrocarbon-grown
      micro-organisms. After growth on hydrocarbons, all the microorganisms had
      accumulated varying amounts of the respective unmodified hydrocarbon growth
      substrate.

PMID- 181529
TI  - Interactions of N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenine with cyclic AMP on the regulation
      of growth and beta-galactosidase synthesis in Escherichia coli.

PMID- 181531
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2: a provisional
      linkage map based on recombination analysis.
AB  - Thirteen ts mutants of type 2 herpes simplex virus were backcrossed to a
      syncytial but not temperature-sensitive mutant of wild-type virus. This was an
      attempt to introduce a third marker, syncytial plaque morphology or syn, into at
      least some of the ts mutants. Three ts mutants carrying the syn marker were
      obtained but only one, ts 9, was satisfactory for genetic experiments. Three
      factor crosses were carried out between ts 9 syn and the mutants which determined
      the order of eleven ts mutations relative to both the ts 9 mutation and the syn
      mutation. A provisional linkage map based both on the order derived from the
      three-factor crosses and on map distances from recombination frequencies has been
      prepared: it contains nine ts mutations and the syn mutation.

PMID- 181530
TI  - Induction of cellular DNA synthesis and increased mitotic activity in syrian
      hamster embryo cells abortively infected with human cytomegalovirus.
AB  - The effect of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) on cell DNA synthesis and mitotic
      activity in hamster embryo fibroblasts was examined. The results indicated that
      CMV infected cells had increased rates of cell DNA replication and mitotic
      activity. Detection of the effect of CMV on these two parameters necessitated
      arrest of cells prior to infection with low serum concentrations. This lowered
      the background levels of DNA synthesis and cell division so that the effect of
      virus infection could be detected. The data indicate that cells arrested prior to
      infection demonstrate increased susceptibility to virus infection. It was also
      observed that the effect of CMV on both DNA replication and mitotic activity
      could be enhanced by irradiation with ultraviolet light of the virus prior to
      infection.

PMID- 181532
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2: description of
      three new complementation groups and studies on the inhibition of host cell DNA
      synthesis.
AB  - Three new complementation groups of type 2 herpes simplex virus are described
      bringing the total number of complementation groups characterized to 13. Of the
      three new groups, ts 11 fails to make virus DNA at non-permissive temperature (38
      degrees C) whereas ts 12 and ts 13 synthesize only very small amounts of virus or
      cellular DNA at 38 degrees C. ts 11, like ts 9 (Halliburton & Timbury, 1973)
      fails to switch off host cell DNA synthesis at 38 degrees C. That this is a
      failure to switch off cell DNA rather than a stimulation of cell DNA synthesis
      was confirmed in experiments using resting cells. Both the inability to make
      virus DNA and the inability to switch off cell DNA are reversed in temperature
      shift-down experiments with cells infected with ts 9 or ts 11. In temperature
      shift-up experiments, cellular DNA synthesis is inhibited after the shift but
      virus DNA is only made in very small amounts, probably due to the continuing
      functioning of a protein made at permissive temperature (31 degrees C) before the
      shift but which cannot be made at 38 degrees C. The shift-down experiments and
      the fact that ts 9 and ts 11 complement one another, suggest that the switch-off
      of host cell DNA synthesis may involve more than one virus specified function.
      U.v. irradiated virus fails to switch off host cell DNA synthesis.

PMID- 181533
TI  - Interaction of mouse peritoneal macrophages with fixed rabies virus in vivo and
      in vitro.
AB  - The resistance of mice to intraperitoneal and intramuscular infection with fixed
      rabies virus increases with age. Treatment of mature animals with either silica,
      indian ink or antimacrophage serum, which are cytotoxic for macrophages, reduced
      their resistance to intraperitoneal, but not to intramuscular or intracerebral
      infection. Transfer of peritoneal macrophages from adults to syngeneic suckling
      mice delayed but did not prevent mortality from intraperitoneal infection:
      transfer of peritoneal macrophages to intramuscular sites of infection did not
      protect adult mice. Rabies virus was phagocytosed by peritoneal macrophages in
      culture but neither replicated nor induced interferon. Evidence of active
      intracellular destruction of virus was obscured by thermal inactivation at 37
      degrees C. Less inactivation occurred at 33 degrees C. Infected macrophages from
      suckling mice, but not those from adult mice, spread infection to susceptible
      cells.

PMID- 181534
TI  - Analysis of herpesvirus DNA substructure by means of restriction endonucleases.
AB  - The mol. wt. and molar ratios of the Hind III and Hpa I fragments of HSV-1 DNA
      and the Eco RI fragments of HSV-2 DNA have been determined. Results obtained
      suggest that DNA isolated from both HSV-1 and HSV-2 consists of molecules with
      four different sequence arrangements which are present in similar amounts. Our
      explanation of the cleavage patterns of these four genome arrangements with the
      different restriction enzymes is presented. Some of the possible implications of
      these four genome arrangements for genetic recombination are discussed.

PMID- 181535
TI  - Transformation of human embryonic fibroblasts by photodynamically inactivated
      herpes simplex virus, type 2 at supra-optimal temperature.
AB  - Infection of human embryonic fibroblast cell monolayers with neutral red and
      light-inactivated herpes simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2) at supra-optimal
      temperature (42 degrees C) resulted in persistence of viable cells in suspension
      culture at 37 degrees C which have properties in common with virus transformed
      cells: formation of cell aggregates, HSV-2-specific antigens and colony formation
      in soft methyl cellulose medium. These data are consistent with the idea that
      photodynamic inactivated HSV-2 has potential oncogenic activity.

PMID- 181536
TI  - Different patterns of polyadenylation of rhinovirus: specified RNA during
      multiplication in human aneuploid and diploid cells.
AB  - The polyadenylation of rhinovirus-specified RNA in aneuploid HeLa cells and
      diploid human embryo lung (HEL) cells has been investigated. Polyadenylation
      occurs at a faster rate and more extensively to virus-specified RNA in infected
      HEL cells compared with HeLa cells. Poly(A) is added post-transcriptively in both
      cell types. Furthermore the addition of adenosine or poly(A) during virus
      multiplication increases the polyadenylation of virus single-stranded RNAs in
      both cell types, but to a greater extent in HeLa cells.

PMID- 181538
TI  - Ischaemic infarct of the brain stem combined with bisymptomatic Klippel-Trenaunay
      Weber syndrome and cutis laxa.
AB  - The combination of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) with intracranial
      vascular malformations is documented by angiography in a 25 year old man with the
      classical features of KTWS: systematized naevi, hypertrophy of the right side,
      and varicosis. In addition, the syndrome was associated with "cuts laxa", a
      coincidence of somar rarity. The patient suffered from an ischaemic infarct of
      the brain stem with several neurological deficits.

PMID- 181537
TI  - Monosynaptic reflexes in the superficial forearm flexors in man and their
      clinical significance.
AB  - Indirect motor responses with the characteristics of the H wave were recorded
      from the flexor carpi radialis and the palmaris longus muscles in normal adults.
      A series of experiments has been performed, constituting circumstantial arguments
      for the monosynaptic nature of these reflex responses. The findings in
      pathological conditions, which corroborated this point of view, are documented
      briefly.

PMID- 181539
TI  - Unusual manifestations of herpes zoster. A clinical and electrophysiological
      study.
AB  - The literature on complicated herpes zoster is summarized in this paper. The case
      histories of 18 patients with herpes zoster are presented. Two patients had
      encephalitis, 2 had myelitis and the other 14 patients had various types of lower
      motor neurone disturbance. Both patients with encephalitis--one of who developed
      choreo-athetosis during the illness--recovered fully. Only 1 of the 2 patients
      with myelitis recovered fully; the other remains severely paraparetic and the
      reason for her incomplete recovery may be related to the presence of generalized
      arteriolar disease associated with seronegative rheumatoid disease. One patient
      developed a Guillain-Barre syndrome 3 weeks after the onset of herpes zoster.
      Recovery in the 15 patients with lower motor neurone involvement has been slow
      butcomplete--or almost complete--in all but 1, a patient with persistent facial
      weakness as part of the Ramsay Hunt syndrome and who also had weakness of one
      upper limb. Seven other patients had lower limb weakness. In 2 patients the
      weakness was confined to abdominal myotomes and 2 other patients had urinary
      retention. Electromyographic abnormalities were found in the muscles which were
      weak and  frequently also in muscles which appeared strong. It is emphasized that
      neurological disturbances other than sensory abnormalities may be found in
      patients with herpes zoster. Motor complications of various types are not
      uncommon.

PMID- 181540
TI  - Dysmyelination in the sciatic nerves of dystrophic mice.
AB  - Ultrastructural alterations were observed in the sciatic nerve of dystrophic
      mice. Myelin sheaths were abnormal in shape, abruptly ceased beyond a node of
      Ranvier, leaving the axon naked. These changes were seen in both afferent and
      efferent nerve fibres. Apparent embryonal Schwann cells and Schwann cells which
      were associated with increased lysosomes in the cytoplasm were observed in the
      proximal portion. There is a relative decrease in Schwann cells in the cross
      section of the radicular parts, and a relative increase in the distal parts. The
      mean number of neurotubules per unit area was smaller while the mean number of
      the neurofilaments was larger in U-axons, in the dystrophic mice than in the
      controls. In M-fibres, neurotubules and neurofilaments showed no significant
      difference between systrophic and control mice.

PMID- 181541
TI  - Probability of conduction deficit as related to fiber length in random
      distribution models of peripheral neuropathies.
AB  - This paper presents a set of probabilistic models which reproduce the
      proximodistal gradient of sensory deficit in peripheral neuropathies, on the
      basis of the occurrence of axonal dysfunction as a result of randomly distributed
      abnormalities. The models, which are based on conduction block, loss of temporal
      coherence, and weak interactions between nerve fibers, demonstrate that randomly
      distributed axonal dysfunction provides a sufficient condition for distal sensory
      deficit. The models predict a marked reduction in the length for normal sensory
      conduction with small increases in the probability of axomal dysfunction,
      providing a possible correlate for the rapid clinical progression of some
      neuropathies. The hypothesis that weak interactions between fibers result in
      paresthesiae in peripheral neuropathies is also discussed.

PMID- 181542
TI  - Relative strength of synaptic input from short-latency pathways to motor units of
      defined type in cat medial gastrocnemius.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recording and stimulation techniques were used in anesthetized
      cats to study the interrelations between amplitudes of PSPs produced by
      electrical stimulation of several short-latency pathways to MG alpha motoneurons
      and the mechanical properties of muscle units innervated by the same cells. Motor
      unit types were identified by muscle-unit properties.2. The maximum amplitudes of
      monosynaptic EPSPs produced in MG motoneurons by activation of homonymous (MG)
      and heteronymous (LGS) group Ia afferents were clearly related to motor-unit
      type, being, on the average, largest in type S units, somewhat smaller in type FR
      and F(int) units, and smallest in type FF units. Correspondingly, group Ia EPSP
      amplitudes were inversely correlated with muscle-unit tension production and
      directly correlated with resistance to fatigue. The same input distribution was
      true for disynaptic IPSPs produced by group Ia afferents from antagonist ankle
      flexors.3. The amplitudes of monosynaptic EPSPs produced by fibers descending in
      the ipsilateral ventral funiculi of the low thoracic cord were not clearly
      related to MG motor-unit type or (therefore) to muscle-unit properties.4. A
      quantitative input-output model of the MG motor-unit pool, based in part on the
      present results, suggests that overall characteristics of MG motor units, and
      their relative numbers in the MG pool, reflect functional specializations
      determined by specific mechanical demands placed on the MG muscle by the usual
      motor behavior of the animal.

PMID- 181543
TI  - Rhythmic hyperpolarizations and depolarization of sympathetic ganglion cells
      induced by caffeine.
AB  - Superfusion of the isolated sympathetic ganglion of the bullfrog with a caffeine
      containing (1-6 mM) solution caused in many cells an initial slow
      hyperpolarization which was followed by a subliminal depolarization interruped by
      rhythmic hyperpolarizations. A hyperpolarization, similar to one of the rhythmic
      hyperpolarizations, could be triggered by an action potential in the presence of
      caffeine. The action potential itself was not markedly affected by caffeine
      except for its afterhyperpolarization which was prolonged. All these caffeine
      induced hyperpolarizations were associated with a marked reduction of the
      membrane resistance, their amplitude was increased in a K+-free solution and
      decreased in a high-K+ solution, and their polarity was reversed at the same
      level at which the afterhyperpolarization was also inverted. This reversal level
      was not altered by omission of Na+ or C1- from the external medium. These
      hyperpolarizations were reversibly abolished by depletion of external Ca2+ or
      replacement of external Ca2+ by Mg2+. Excess of external Ca2+ caused a shortening
      of the interval between rhythmic hyperpolarizations. Furthermore, iontophoretic
      injection of EDTA into the cytoplasm markedly depressed the initial caffeine
      hyperpolarizatin and abolished both the rhythmic and evoked caffeine
      hyperpolarizations. The caffeine-induced depolarization was not affected by
      omission of external Cl-. It was decreased in a Na+-free medium, but completely
      eliminated by omission of both Na+ and Ca2+ from the external medium.
      Tetrodotoxin did not impair the production of the initial and the rhythmic
      hyperpolarizations. A strong depolarizing pulse could evoke a typical
      hyperpolarizing response in the presence of this compound. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP,
      d-tubocurarine, atropine, and phenoxybenzamine were without effect on the
      caffeine-induced hyperpolarizations and depolarization. It was concluded that
      each caffeine-induced hyperpolarization is the result of an increased K+
      permeability, which is probably caused by a rise in the internal Ca2+
      concentration. It was also concluded that the caffeine-induced depolarization is
      due to an increased membrane permeability to Ca2+ and Na+.

PMID- 181544
TI  - Assessment of effect of starvation, glucose, fatty acids and hormones on alpha
      decarboxylation of leucine in skeletal muscle of rat.
AB  - The present investigations of rates of oxidation of [U-14C] or [1-14C]leucine by
      homogenates of gastrocnemius muscle of fed and starved rats have indicated that
      14CO2 production is mainly the result of alpha-decarboxylation of leucine in this
      tissue. This incomplete oxidation was not the result of imparied tricarboxylic
      acid cycle since the oxidation of palmitate proceeded to completion within the
      experimental conditions. In the subsequent studies, the effect of altered
      nutrition and metabolic factors on alpha-decarboxylation of leucine by
      gastrocnemius muscle homogenates was investigated. Starvation increased the rate
      of alpha-decarboxylation of leucine. Glucose or palmitate (C16) added in
      physiological concentrations to the incubation medium were without effect on
      decarboxylation of leucine, but this reaction was stimulated by addition of 1 mM
      hexanoate (C6) or octanoate (C8) to the incubation medium. However, when fatty
      acid chain length was elongated to C10 (decanoate), the stimulatory effect was
      not only abolished, but this fatty acid significantly inhibited the rate of
      leucine decarboxylation. Addition of insulin, epinephrine, glucagon and cyclic
      AMP within a wide range of concentrations to the incubation medium did not
      significantly affect the rate of decarboxylation of leucine. These studies
      indicate a complex interrelationship between the metabolism of leucine and that
      of fatty acids.

PMID- 181545
TI  - Rat strain differences in cyclic-AMP levels in liver and epididymal fat pad
      tissue as influenced by glucagon.
AB  - A glucagon-saline solution (0.1 ml, 10(7) mole/100 g body weight) was injected
      via the portal vein into nonfasted Wistar and carbohydrate-sensitive BHE rats.
      Levels of liver and epididymal fat pad cyclic-AMP were observed after 6 and 24
      minutes. When compared to sham injected rats at 6 minutes, glucagon injected rats
      of both strains had twice the level of cyclie-AMP in liver and fat pad tissue. By
      24 minutes, the cyclic-AMP levels of the Wistar rats had decreased to those
      observed in their sham injected counterparts, and the concentration of liver
      cyclic-AMP in both sham injected and glucagon injected BHE rats had decreased to
      levels significantly below those observed in the Wistar rats. This observation
      suggests that a lipolytic-lipogenic imbalance may reside in the livers of rats of
      the BHE strain.

PMID- 181546
TI  - Proteinuria of cadmium workers.

PMID- 181547
TI  - Urinary proteins in occupational exposure to chemicals and in diseases.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gel is a method with high
      resolving power, e.g. for urinary proteins. Therefore more information can be
      obtained with this method than with ordinary electrophoresis. The present version
      of the method has a high capacity and allows study of up to 25 samples in
      parallel on each gel. Only a little more than one hour is required for
      separation. A sensitive staining procedure is used which allows detection of as
      little as 0.1 mug of protein in each zone. When effects on the kidney are present
      more than 20 different protein zones can sometimes be separated. Evaluation is
      made by densitometry as well as by comparison and classification of patterns.
      Urine samples have been studied from workers with varying exposure to cadmium
      lead and various chlorinated hydrocarbons, and patients with glomerulonephritis,
      pyelonephritis, nephrosis and mixed tubular and glomerular diseases. Typical
      tubular patterns, i.e. as developed in association with cadmium exposure were
      characterized by elevated excretion of beta1-microglobulin. Other types of kidney
      malfunction showed different features.

PMID- 181549
TI  - Hepatitis type A in an oral surgeon: a prospective study of contacts.
AB  - No acute cases of clinical or anicteric hepatitis were in observed in 75% of 161
      patients who had been exposed to hepatitis A by an oral surgeon during the
      contagious period. Three cases of liver dysfunction of indeterminate cause did
      occur, although at least two could be attributed to multiple abuses of drugs 3-5
      and not to exposure to hepatitis. The fact that hepatitis A did not spread in
      this instance suggests that oral surgeons who are ill with acute hepatitis A do
      not necessarily transmit the disease to their patients. Epidemiologic
      investigations of similar situations will undoubtedly augment this preliminary
      data.

PMID- 181548
TI  - Arteriography in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
AB  - A brief review of the methodology of selective external carotid arteriography is
      presented together with its risks, complications, and contraindications. The
      indications for this procedure are described with illustrative case material to
      demonstrate its usefulness in both diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of
      various types of lesions of the head and neck that may be encountered in the
      practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

PMID- 181550
TI  - Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy.
AB  - A case of pigmented neuroectodermal tumor (melanotic progonoma) of the maxilla is
      presented. The treatment of this tumor is conservative surgical excision since
      the likelihood of recurrence is extremely slight. No case has ever been reported
      in which tumor metastasized.

PMID- 181551
TI  - Hydroxylation with ozone on silica gel. The synthesis of 1alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3.

PMID- 181552
TI  - Histopathologic study of the liver in the early cholestatic phase of alpha-1
      antitrypsin deficiency.
AB  - Liver biopsies obtained during the first six months of life were studied in 15
      children who had prolonged neonatal cholestasis and alpha-1-antitrypsin
      deficiency (Pi ZZ). Intracellular PAS-positive globules were always observed,
      even during the first months of life. At this early stage of the disease, three
      morphologic patterns of hepatic alteration were distinguished. Group 1: six cases
      with cholestasis, hepatocellular damage, and slight portal fibrosis; Group 2:
      five cases with important portal fibrosis and bile duct proliferation; and Group
      3: four cases in which ductular hypoplasia was the main feature. A correlation
      between histologic patterns and clinical course may be established: improvement
      of liver injury in Group 1, early cirrhosis in Group 2, and prolonged cholestasis
      in Group 3. The natural evolution of the disease appears to be different in each
      of the three groups.

PMID- 181554
TI  - Letter: Sexual abuse and herpetic genital infection in children.

PMID- 181553
TI  - Early onset of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

PMID- 181555
TI  - Enzymatic penetration through intact sulcular epithelium.
AB  - To explore possible enzymatic penetration through intact sulcular epithelium
      tritium labeled hyaluronidase and collagenase were applied to the gingival sulcus
      of five white lip marmosets. One quadrant per monkey remained untreated. Each
      remaining quadrant was randomly assigned to one of the following modalities of
      application: (a) tritiated hyaluronidase, (b) tritiated collagenase, (c)
      unlabeled hyaluronidase followed by tritiated collagenase, (d) inactivated
      tritiated hyaluronidase, or (e) normal saline as experimental controls. The
      enzymes were applied by means of a Pasteur disposable pipette. Eight drops were
      administered over a 4-minute period, one every 30 seconds. After a 5-minute
      waiting period a second series of eight applications was given over a 4-minute
      period. Radioautographic and standard histologic materials were obtained. Results
      suggest that: 1. Hyaluronidase has the ability to penetrate through intact
      nonkeratinized sulcular epithelium, widening the intercellular epithelial spaces
      and disorganizing the connective tissue ground substance. 2. Collagenase per se
      does not have the ability to penetrate through the intact sulcular epithelium.
      Its effect remains confined only to the superficial layers of the epithelium. 3.
      However, when collagenase application is preceded by hyaluronidase, collagenase
      spreads easily through the epithelium and deeply into the connective tissue.
      Hyaluronidase acts unquestionably as a spreading factors.

PMID- 181556
TI  - [Studies on leukocytosis-promoting principle. III. Comparison of the leukocytosis
      promoting activities of parotin, saliva parotin A, adrenocorticotropin and
      bacterial lipopolysaccharide (author's transl)].

PMID- 181557
TI  - Studies on tolerance development to single doses of morphine in mice.
AB  - Single-dose tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of morphine can be
      demonstrated using an adequate initial priming dose of morphine and allowing an
      interval of 48 to 72 hours for its development. The threshold dose necessary to
      produce tolerance was found to be about 3 to 4 times greater than that for
      producing analgesia but higher doses of morphine did not enhance further
      tolerance development. Evidence of tolerance was indicated by the fact that when
      the antinociceptive response to morphine was assessed by the hot-plate and the
      tail-flick procedures, a shift in the dose-response curve of morphine to the
      right occurred after an adequate single priming dose of morphine. Cross-tolerance
      was evidenced by a decrease in analgetic response to methadone 3 days after a
      single priming dose of morphine and a decrease in morphine response after a
      single dose of methadone. The development of single-dose tolerance was inhibited
      by cycloheximide. Single-dose tolerance was also blocked by 5,6
      dihydroxytryptamine and perhaps enhanced by L-tryptophan. Cyclic 3',5'-adensine
      monophosphate did not affect single-dose tolerance development significantly
      although the direction was in favor of augmentation. Morphine uptake by the brain
      was not modified by the development of single-dose tolerance. Physical
      dependence, as measured by naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumping, was not
      observed when single-dose analgetic tolerance was maximal. The results suggest
      that single-dose tolerance to morphine involves the synthesis of some
      macromolecule and support previous findings in this laboratroy involving an
      association with serotonin.

PMID- 181558
TI  - Regulation of cyclic nucleotide levels and glycogen phosphorylase activity by
      acetylcholine and epinephrine in perfused rat hearts.
AB  - Acetylcholine (ACh) produced a time and dose-dependent increase in cyclic 3',5'
      guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) levels in perfused rat hearts without any
      significant (P greater than .05) change in cyclic 3',5'-adensoine monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP) level or glycogen phosphorylase activity. Epinephrine produced a
      dose-dependent increase in both cyclin AMP and phosphorylase activity but no
      significant (P greater than .05) change in cyclic GMP levels. When ACh (10(-6) M)
      was infused into hearts during the infusion of epinephrine (10(-6) M), a time
      dependent increase in cyclic GMP and decrease in cyclic AMP occurred, both of
      which preceded a significant (P less than .05) decrease in glycogen phosphorylase
      activity. In epinephrine-stimulated hearts, ACh produced a dose-dependent
      increase in cyclic GMP levels. Similar concentrations produced a fall in cyclic
      AMP levels and phosphorylase activity. No condition tested resulted in a
      significant (P greater than .05) change in glycogen synthase activity. It is
      concluded that ACh can reduce cyclic AMP levels and phosphorylase activity only
      when they have been elevated above basal values. These changes are associated
      with an increase in cyclic GMP. The reduction in phosphorylase produced by ACh
      may be the result of either or both of the changes in cyclic nucleotide levels.

PMID- 181560
TI  - Cholinergic motor neurones in the stomatogastric system of the lobster.
AB  - 1. A study of the neurotransmitters used by each of the eleven types of
      excitatory motor neurones (identified according to the muscle innervated) of the
      lobster stomatogastric ganglion was undertaken. 2. The dorsal dilator muscle is
      innervated by the two motor neurones designated 'PD'. Bath and iontophoretic
      applications of acetylcholine (ACh) produce contractures and depolarizations
      respectively in the dorsal dilator muscle. 3. Pharmacological experiments support
      the cholinergic nature of the excitatory junctional potentials (e.j.p.s) recorded
      in the dorsal dilator muscle when the PD motor nerve is stimulated. 4. The
      apparent reversal potentials for the e.j.p.s and the iontophoretic ACh response
      in the dorsal dilator muscle are the same. 5. On the basis of choline
      acetyltransferase assays on identified stomatogastric ganglion motor neurone
      somata and tension measurements on the muscles innervated by each type of
      stomatogastric ganglion motor neurone, a transmitter candidate was established
      for each type of motor neurone. Motor neurones named VD, LPG, GM, MG, LG, and DG
      are putatively cholinergic. L-Glutamate is a transmitter candidate for the motor
      neurones called LP, PY, IC, and AM. 6. Potential correlations between the
      distribution of putatively cholinergic and glutaminergic motor neurones and the
      electrical coupling among the stomatogastric ganglion motor neurones are
      discussed.

PMID- 181559
TI  - Blockade by amino acid antagonists of neuronal excitation mediated by the
      pyramidal tract.
AB  - 1. The responses to glutamate and amino acid antagonists of cells in the cuneate
      nucleus of anaesthetized rats have been examined.2. 1-hydroxy-3-amino-pyrrolidone
      2 (HA-966) and glutamic acid diethylester applied by micro-iontophoresis reduced
      glutamate excitation of the neurons. HA-966 WAS EFFECTIVE ON MORE CELLS THAN
      GLUTAMIC ACID DIETHYLESTER AND WAS MORE POTENT. HA-966 DID NOT AFFECT EXCITATORY
      RESPONSES TO ACETYLCHOLINE.3. Spike activity of cuneate cells was evoked by
      stimulating the cerebral cortex. Spikeswhich could be attributed to monosynaptic
      activation of the cells were studied. The pyramidal tract is the only
      corticofugal pathway known to be capable of short latency activation of dorsal
      column nucleus neurones.4. HA-966 reversibly blocked the evoked activity in
      twenty-eight (70%) of forty units in which monosynaptically evoked spikes were
      induced.5. The results raise the possibility that the neurotransmitter released
      by neurones of the pyramidal tract may be an excitatory amino acid.

PMID- 181561
TI  - Mode of stimulation by adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate of the sodium efflux
      in barnacle muscle fibres.
AB  - 1. Giant fibres of the barnacle Balanus nubilus have been used as a preparation
      for studying the mode of action of cAMP on sodium transport. 2. It is shown that
      a concentration of cAMP as low as 10(-6)M, when micro-injected, causes a sharp
      rise in the radio-Na efflux. Ouabain fails to reverse the cAMP effect. 3. The
      magnitude of the response of the Na efflux to cAMP is markedly reduced by pre
      injecting 100 or 500 mM-EGTA solutions or by omitting Ca2+ from the bathing
      medium. Both together fail to bring about a greater reduction in the response. 4.
      The response to cAMP is greatly reduced by pre-injecting the protein inhibitor of
      Walsh and practically abolished by pre-injecting 500 mM-EGTA and soaking in Ca
      free artificial sea water, ASW. 5. The Ca2+-independent component of the Na
      efflux which is also stimulated by cAMP is shown to involve Na for H exchange.
      The magnitude of this exchange is governed by external pH. 6. The Na efflux into
      Ca2+-free, Li+-ASW is shown to be markedly stimulated by injecting cAMP, an
      effect which is enhanced by reducing external pH. 7. The Na efflux at 0 degrees C
      is stimulated by injecting cAMP. This is shown to be related to activation of the
      protein kinase by cAMP and to depend on the presence of external Ca2+. 8 (i)
      Ethacrynic acid when injected reduces the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux into
      HEPES-Ca2+-free ASW at pH 6-3. These same fibres show a marked response to cAMP.
      (II) The ouabain-insensitive Na efflux into HCO3-, Ca2+-free ASW from fibres pre
      treated with ethacrynic acid fails to respond to external acidification. This is
      interpreted as indicating that ethacrynic acid inactivates the CO2-sensitive
      adenyl cyclase system. These same fibres when injected with cAMP show a marked
      response. (iii) Stimulation of the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux into HCO-3, Ca2+
      free ASW by external acidification is reversed by injecting ethacrynic acid.
      These fibres when injected with cAMP show a reduced response. 9. It is concluded
      that: (i) stimulation of the Na efflux by injected cAMP is mainly due to
      activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase; (ii) the underlying exchange
      mechanism consists of Na:Ca and Na:H exchange. Interaction of Ca2+ with a
      phosphorylated membrane, thereby modifying permeability remains as a real
      possibility; (iii) the site of action of CO2 and ethacrynic acid is the adenyl
      cyclase system. 10. The implications of activation of the adenyl cyclase system
      by CO2 and Na:H exchange are briefly touched upon.

PMID- 181562
TI  - The effect of calcium ions on the binomial statistic parameters that control
      acetylcholine release at preganglionic nerve terminals.
AB  - 1. A study has been made of the effects of changing [Ca]O and [Mg]O on the
      binomial statistic parameters p and n that control the average quantal content
      (m) of the excitatory post-synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) due to acetylcholine
      release at preganglionic nerve terminals. 2. When [Ca]O was increased in the
      range from 0-2 to 0-5 mM, p increased as the first power of [Ca]O whereas n
      increased as the 0-5 power of [Ca]O; when [Mg]O was increased in the range from 5
      to 200 mM, p decreased as the first power of [Mg]O whereas n decreased as the 0-5
      power of [Mg]O. 3. The increase in quantal release of a test impulse following a
      conditioning impulse was primarily due to an increase in n; the increase in
      quantal content of successive e.p.s.p.s in a short train was due to an increase
      in n and p, and the increase in n was quantitatively described in terms of the
      accumulation of a Ca-receptor complex in the nerve terminal. 4. The decrease in
      quantal content of successive e.p.s.p.s during long trains of impulses over
      several minutes was primarily due to a decrease in n. These results are discussed
      in terms of an hypothesis concerning the physical basis of n and p in the release
      process.

PMID- 181563
TI  - Induction of cholinergic enzymes in chick ciliary ganglion and iris muscle cells
      during synapse formation.
AB  - 1. In chick ciliary ganglia and irises, cholineacetyltransferase (ChAc) and
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were measured from the fifth day of
      incubation until 1 week after hatching. The changes in enzyme activity were
      correlated in time with previous electrophysiological and morphological findings
      of synapse formation in these tissues. 2. At Stage 26 (Hamburger & Hamilton,
      1951; before synapse formation in the ganglia) low activities of ChAc (12 +/- 4
      [mean +/- S.E.] p-mole of ACh synthesized/hr) were measured in the iris nerve
      terminals, indicating that ganglion cells are biochemically differentiated,
      immediately after cell migration is completed. The specific acitivities of ChAc
      and AChE rose during development and these increases were closely related to the
      onset and maturation of ganglionic and iris synaptic transmission. These
      increases in enzyme activities can be used in cholinergic synapses as an index of
      synapse formation. 3. The 200-fold specific increase of ChAc in iris nerve
      terminals which occurs at Stage 34 probably reflects an increase in synthesis of
      the enzyme in ganglion cells and suggests that the formation of the iris
      neuromuscular junction triggers the enzyme induction. It is implied that the cell
      responds to a signal ascending the axon from the terminal. 4. The initial
      increase of AChE specific activity in the ganglion occurs after transmission is
      established in all cells between Stage 30 and 34 and is mainly due to enzyme
      synthesis by the ganglion cells. In the iris there is a twofold increase in
      specific activity after the formation of neuromuscular junctions which probably
      reflects enzyme induction in the muscle subneural region. It is concluded that
      the specific induction of AChE in post-junctional cells is due to an influence of
      the prejunctional element. 5. During synaptic formation in the ciliary ganglion,
      reciprocal interactions between the neurones and their targets result in the
      induction of ChAc in the prejunctional elements and AChE in the post-junctional
      cells.

PMID- 181565
TI  - On the elementary conductance event produced by L-glutamate and quanta of the
      natural transmitter at the neuromuscular junctions of Maia squinado.
AB  - 1. The membrane potential of giant muscle fibres of Maia squinado was measured
      with an intracellular wire electrode. On applying L-glutamate to the fibre the
      cell deplorized and fluctuations of the membrane potential around its mean level-
      glutamate noise--were seen. 2. The variance of the glutamate voltage noise is
      proportional to the mean level of depolarization. The noise can be regarded as
      being caused by numerous exponentially decaying elementary voltage events about 5
      X 10(-10) V in amplitude. The miniature excitatory junctional potential
      (min.e.j.p.) is approximately 6000 times the amplitude of the elementary voltage
      event produced by L-glutamate. 3. The power spectrum of glutamate voltage noise
      is a Lorentzian with a half-power frequency of approximately 20 Hz. 4. Min.
      e.j.p.s. decay exponentially with a time constant that coincides with the average
      lifetime of the elementary glutamate voltage event. 5. When glutamate is applied
      locally to a spot where extracellular min. e.j.p.s. can be recorded with a focal
      glass pipette, extracellular glutamate noise is seen. Glutamate noise could not
      be detected from elsewhere on the fibre. 6. The variance of the extracellular
      noise is proportional to the mean extracellular potential, and its power spectrum
      is a Lorentzian with a half-power frequency of about 110 Hz. 7. The extracellular
      min. e.j.p.s decay exponentially with a time constant that coincides with average
      lifetime of the elementary glutamate current event. 8. It is suggested that the
      decay of the quantal currents flowing at the excitatory junction is limited by
      the closure of the conductance channels in the post-synaptic membrane and not by
      the relaxation of the transmitter concentration in the synaptic cleft.

PMID- 181564
TI  - Input-output relation of transmission through cuneate nucleus.
AB  - 1. In decerebrate cats, micro-electrodes were inserted into the cuneate nucleus
      to stimulate afferent terminals with single shocks of varying intensities.
      Estimates of the input and output of the nucleus were obtained by integrating
      antidromic responses in forelimb cutaneous nerves and orthodromic responses in
      the medial lemniscus. 2. Input-output curves were normally very non-linear,
      reflecting the high synaptic potency of small inputs. They were fitted readily by
      power functions, with exponents averaging 0-50. 3. The normal input-output
      relation rapidly disappeared after interruption of the blood supply. A loss of
      synaptic efficiency of small inputs was indicated by curves with exponents of
      greater than or equal to 1; this was associated with a sharp increase in terminal
      excitability. 4. Within the range of surface temperature 30-40 degrees C, warming
      made the input-output curves steeper but reduced terminal excitability, whereas
      cooling had the opposite effect. The efficiency of transmission was thus
      inversely correlated with terminal excitability. 5. The non-linear shape of
      cuneate input-output curves is probably not determined by inhibitory control,
      since picrotoxin depressed rather than enhanced outputs. 6. On the other hand,
      pentobarbitone made the input-output curves markedly steeper and tended to lower
      terminal excitability.

PMID- 181566
TI  - A comparison of the presynaptic and post-synaptic actions of pentobarbitone and
      phenobarbitone in the neuromuscular junction of the frog.
AB  - 1. Pentobarbitone or phenobarbitone, in increasing concentrations up to 0-5 mM,
      progressively reduced the amplitude of miniature end-plate potentials
      (min.e.p.p.s). Pentobarbitone was the more potent of the two barbiturates in this
      regard. 2. Both barbiturates produced a monotonic increase in mean quantum
      content of the end-plate potential (e.p.p.) with increasing concentrations up to
      0-5 mM. Pentobarbitone and phenobarbitone were equally potent in their action on
      evoked transmitter release. 3. The effect, if any, of increasing concentrations
      of barbiturates on the e.p.p. amplitude was depression. Therefore, over the range
      of concentrations examined the enhancement of transmitter release was
      quantitatively less than the reduction in responsiveness of the post-synaptic
      membrane. 4. Because of the greater ratio of post-synaptic to presynaptic
      actions, pentobarbitone was more potent than phenobarbitone in reducing synaptic
      efficacy (e.p.p. amplitude). 5. It is concluded that the presynaptic actions of
      pentobarbitone and phenobarbitone contribute significantly to barbiturate-induced
      changes in synaptic efficacy at low levels of transmitter release in the frog
      neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 181567
TI  - Fire and safety training for role changes.

PMID- 181568
TI  - The independent practitioner--can it survive?

PMID- 181569
TI  - A year later: an independent practitioner looks back.

PMID- 181570
TI  - Depression and self-destructive behavior.

PMID- 181571
TI  - Under the surface of America's nursing home scandal.

PMID- 181572
TI  - Brief notes on brain syndrome in aging persons.

PMID- 181573
TI  - [Supra-epitrochlear process. Apropos of 3 cases. Radio-clinical approach and
      review of the literature].

PMID- 181574
TI  - Morphologic and cytochemical heterogeneity of the cell coat of rat liver Kupffer
      cells.

PMID- 181575
TI  - [Steroiedhormone in kleindierpraktyk (author's transl)].
AB  - The nature, origin, influence and interrelationships of the steroid hormones are
      reviewed. Clinical application and the treatment of feline and canine patients
      with these substances is discussed, with special reference to particular
      conditions which occur in male and female animals. The therapeutic use of
      corticosteroids in small animal practice are considered, and some general
      observations are made concerning precautions and side effects.

PMID- 181576
TI  - Antineoplastic and biochemical properties of arylsulfonylhydrazones of 2
      formylpyridine N-oxide.
AB  - The structural parameters necessary for the antineoplastic potency of a new class
      of anticancer agents, arylsulfonylhydrazones of 2-formylpyridine N-oxide, were
      examined in mice bearing Sarcoma 180 ascites cells. The findings indicated that
      (a) replacement of the pyridine ring with benzene, quinoline, or isoquinoline
      resulted in loss of activity (b) movement of the formylhydrazone side chain from
      the 2 to the 3 or 4 positions of the pyridine N-oxide produced inactive agents
      (c) the pyridine N-oxide function was essential for anticancer activity, except
      for 4-substituted derivatives which were active without the N-oxide group, (d)
      replacement of the SO2 group by CO resulted in complete loss of activity, and (e)
      a carbon atom could be inserted between the SO2 and aryl ring with retention of
      anticancer potency. One of the most active members of this series, 1
      oxidopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde p-toluenesulfonylhdrazone, exhibited
      antineoplastic activity against a broad spectrum of transplanted tumors including
      Sarcoma 180, Hepatoma 129, Ehrlich carcinoma, leukemia L1210, and a subline of
      Sarcoma 180 resistant to alpha-(N)-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde
      thiosemicarbazones. This agent caused inhibition of thymidine-3H and uridine-3H
      incorporation into DNA and RNA, respectively, of Sarcoma 180 ascites cells;
      protein biosynthesis was relatively insensitive to the action of this compound.

PMID- 181577
TI  - Synthesis of new cyclic nucleotides and their differential stimulatory effects on
      thyroid function in mice.
AB  - Various 8-substituted cAMP analogues were converted into the corresponding N6,O2'
      dibutyryl, N6-monobutyryl, or O2'-monobutyryl derivatives and the parent
      compounds as well as the new derivatives were tested for TSH-like stimulation of
      the thyroid function in mice in vivo by means of the McKenzie bioassay. It was
      found that a pronounced stimulatory effect on the thyroid secretion can be
      produced by certain cyclic nucleotides. The most potent compounds, 8H2N-cAMP,
      8MeS-cAMP, and 8N3-cAMP at 15-30 mg/kg iv, showed an activity approximately one
      order of magnitude higher than that of cAMP and comparable to the action of 0.6
      1.0 mU of TSH per mouse iv. Radioimmunological determination of thyroxine levels
      in the serum confirmed these results. Serum T4 levels in mice injected, for
      instance, with 8MeS-cAMP (30 mg/kg) rose from 4.85 +/- 0.25 to 6.32 +/- 0.41
      mug/100 ml in 1 h, the net increase in T4 being comparable to that produced by
      TSH (1 mU/mouse) under identical experimental conditions. Introduction of one or
      two butyryl groups (in the N6 and/or O2' position) significantly increased or
      decreased the biological activity, dependent on the parent compound, but no
      direct correlation between biological activity and degree of butyrylation was
      apparent. The effect of these compounds on the thyroid seems to be specific for
      cyclic nucleotides because 8MeS-5'AMP which resembles 8MeS-cAMP but lacks the
      cyclic phosphate structure is inactive in the McKenzie bioassay and in the T4
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 181578
TI  - Synthesis and biological activities of 5-trifluoromethyl-5'-azido-2',5'
      dideoxyuridine and 5-trifluoromethyl-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine.
AB  - 5-Trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (1) was tosylated with p-toluenesulfonyl
      chloride in dry pyridine at 3 degrees to give 5-trifluoromethyl-5'-O-(p
      tolylsulfonyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (2), which was converted to 5-trifluoromethyl-5'
      azido-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (3) by reacting with lithium azide in N,N
      dimethylformamide at 85-90 degrees for 2 h. Compound 3 was then hydrogenated in
      ethanol-water (1:1, v/v) at room temperature and 35 psi of hydrogen pressure,
      using 10% palladium on charcoal as cstalyst, to yield 5-trifluoromethyl-5'-amino
      2',5'-dideoxyuridine (4). Compound 4 is about fourfold less potent than compound
      1 as an antiviral agent but is about 40-fold less toxic to the host Vero cells.
      Thus the therapeutic index of compound 1 has been improved by a factor of 10 by
      replacement of the 5'-hydroxyl with an amino group. Compound 1, however, is more
      than 100-fold more inhibitory to Sarcoma 180 cells in culture relative to
      compound 4. Compound 3 is markedly less potent than compound 1 or 4 as either an
      antiviral or an antineoplastic compound.

PMID- 181579
TI  - Lanthanum and some other cation-induced changes in fluidity of synaptosomal
      membrane studied with nitroxide stearate spin labels.
AB  - Using nitroxide fatty acid spin labels, the effects of some cations such as La3+,
      Cd2+ and Hg2+ on synaptosomal membranes were studied by observing changes in
      their ESR spectra. The labels were incorporated almost instantaneously into
      synaptosomes isolated from rat brain cortex. ESR spectra of the spin-labeled
      synaptosomes were significantly braodened immediately upon adding La3+, Ce3+,
      Cd2+ or Hg2+ but hardly affected by Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+. The magnitude of the
      change in the separation of the outer two peaks in ESR spectra (2T') depends on
      the number (n) of methylene units between the polar head group and the spin-label
      (nitroxide) group; that is, it increases with decreasing n. Among these ions, the
      effect of La3+ was the greatest and appeared to be in parallel with the amount of
      La3+ bound with the synaptosomes. On the other hand, K+, Rb+ or Li+ causes hardly
      any significant changes.

PMID- 181580
TI  - Ion transport by rabbit colon. I. Active and passive components.
AB  - Descending rabbit colon, stripped of muscularis externa, absorbs Na and Cl under
      short-circuit conditions and exhibits a residual ion flux, consistent with HCO3
      secretion, whose magnitude is approximately equal to the rate of active Cl
      absorption. Net K transport was not observed under short-circuit conditions. The
      results of ion replacement studies and of treatment with ouabain or amiloride
      suggest that the short-circuit current ISC is determined solely by the rate of
      active Na transport and that the net movements of Cl and HCO3 are mediated by a
      Na-independent, electrically-neutral, anion exchange process. Cyclic AMP
      stimulates an electrogenic Cl secretion, abolishes HCO3 secretion but does not
      affect the rate of Na absorption under short-circuit conditions. Studies of the
      effect of transepithelial potential difference on the serosa-to-mucosa fluxes
      Jism of Na, K and Cl suggest that JNasm,JIsm and one-third of JCl-sm may be
      attributed to ionic diffusion. The permeabilities of the passive conductance
      pathway(s) are such that Pk:PNa:PCl= 1.0:0.07:0.11. Electrolyte transport by in
      vitro rabbit colon closely resembles that reported from in vivo studies of
      mammalian colon and thus may serve as a useful model for the further study of
      colonic ion transport mechanisms.

PMID- 181581
TI  - Proceedings: Effect of microwaves on virus multiplication in mammalian cells in
      vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 181582
TI  - The adsorption of coliphage lambda to its host: effect of variations in the
      surface density of receptor and in phage-receptor affinity.

PMID- 181583
TI  - Preliminary crystallographic study on cytochrome c3 of Desulfovibrio
      desulfuricans (strain Norway).

PMID- 181585
TI  - Molecular evolution as a process of message refinement.
AB  - Amino acid sequences are often said to code for proteins. Taking that statement
      literally, we propose a methodology in which protein sequences appear as messages
      and as such are amenable to the techniques of signal analysis. Not only does this
      view of amino acid sequences as messages appear to be tenable, but the clarity of
      expression of these sequences seems to increase, i.e., the noisiness decreases,
      consonant with notions of ascendancy in the hierarchy of morphological taxonomy.

PMID- 181586
TI  - A vestibulothalamic pathway: electrophysiological demonstration in the cat by
      localized cooling.
AB  - Localized cooling was used in the search for vestibulothalamic pathways and a
      study was made of its effect on the activity of the thalamic neurons brought into
      action by stimulation of the vestibular nerve. Two cell populations were
      identified by their distinctive latencies in the ventral part of the posterior
      thalamus. Short latency responses were transmitted monosynaptically by means of a
      direct controlateral pathway whose course was identified. For long latency
      responses, the hypothesis of a polysynaptic path seems probable.

PMID- 181584
TI  - The molecular evolution of cytochrome c in eukaryotes.
AB  - Using many more cytochrome sequences than previously available, we have
      confirmed: 1, the eukaryotic cytochrome c diverged from a common ancestor; 2, the
      ancestral eukaryotic cytochrome c was not greatly different in character from
      those present today; 3, fixations are non-randomly distributed among the codons,
      there being evidence for at least four classes of variability; 4, there are
      similar classes of variability when the data are considered according to the
      nucleotide position within the codon; 5, the number of covarions (concomitantly
      variable codons) in mammalian cytochrome c genes is about 12 and the same value
      has been obtained for dicotyledenous plants as well; 6, all of the hyper- and
      most highly variable codons are for external residues, nearly 60 per cent of the
      invariable codons are for internal residues and nearly half of the codons for
      internal residues are invariable; 7, the first nucleotide position of a codon is
      more likely and the second position less likely to fix mutations than would be
      expected on the basis of the number of ways that alternative amino acids can be
      reached; 8, the character of nucleotide replacements is enormously non-random,
      with G-A interchanges representing 42% of those observed in the first nucleotide
      position, but the observation does not stem from a bias in the DNA strand
      receiving the mutation, nor from the presence of a compositional equilibrium, nor
      from a bias in the frequency with which different nucleotides mutate, but rather
      from a bias in the acceptability of an alternative nucleotide as circumscribed by
      the functional acceptability of the new amino acid encoded; and 9, the unit
      evolutionary period is approximately 150 million years/observable (amino acid
      changing) nucleotide replacement/cytochrome c covarion in two diverging lines.
      Wherever non-randomness has been observed, it has always been consistent with the
      consideration that an alternative amino acid at any location is more likely to be
      acceptable the more closely it resembles the present amino acid in its physico
      chemical properties. Finally, in no case did the a priori assumption of a
      biologically realistic phylogeny lead to any observations or conclusions that
      were in any way significantly different from those obtained when the phylogeny
      was based solely upon the sequences, proving that the earlier results were not a
      consequence of some internal circularity.

PMID- 181587
TI  - Epidermal globular nuclear inclusions: an ultrastructural cytochemical study.

PMID- 181588
TI  - Observations on the blood-brain barrier in hypertensive rats, with particular
      reference to phagocytic pericytes.

PMID- 181589
TI  - [Treatment of renal osteodystrophy by high doses of vitamin d3].

PMID- 181590
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus are conditionally
      defective particles that interfere with and are rescued by wild-type virus.
AB  - Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus belonging to
      complementation groups I, II and IV inhibited the replication of wild-type
      vesicular stomatitis virus when mixed infections were carried out in BHK21 cells
      at 32, 37, and 39.5 C. The group IV mutant (ts G 41) was most effective in this
      regard; wild-type virus yields were inhibited almost 1,000-fold in mixed
      infections with this mutant at 32 C. In the case of group I and II mutants,
      inhibition of wild-type virus replication at 37 and 39.5 C was accompanied by an
      enhancement (up to 15,000-fold) of the yields of the coinfecting ts mutant. The
      yields of the group IV mutant (ts G 41) were not enhanced by mixed infections
      with wild-type virus at any temperature, although this mutant inhibited wild-type
      virus replication at all temperatures. The dominance of the replication of ts
      mutants at 37 C provides a rationale for the selection and maintenance of ts
      virus in persistently infected cells.

PMID- 181592
TI  - Amphotropic host range of naturally occuring wild mouse leukemia viruses.
AB  - Seven murine leukemia virus field isolates (uncloned) from wild mice
      (Musmusculus) of four widely separated areas in southern California show an
      unusually wide in vitro host range. They replicate well in human, feline, canine,
      guinea pig, rabbit, rat, and mouse cells, whereas bovine, hamster, and avian
      cells are resistant. Since this host range includes that of both mouse tropic
      (ecotropic) and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses, they are designated as
      "amphotropic". No purely xenotropic virus component is detectable in these field
      isolates. They may represent the "wild" or ancestral viruses from which the
      ecotropic and xenotrophic murine leukemia virus strains of laboratory mice have
      been derived.

PMID- 181591
TI  - Synthesis of type C virus particles from murine-cultured cells induced by
      iododeoxyuridine. V. Effect of interferon and its interaction with dexamethasone.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that in certain cell systems dexamethasone may
      enhance the production of type C viruses. Conversely, interferon has been shown
      to inhibit their production. Both appear to exert their influence late in the
      viral replication cycle rather than on the synthesis of viral-specific RNA. In
      this report dexamethasone and interferon have been used to study some aspects of
      the mechanisms involved in the synthesis of type C viruses in murine K-BALB cells
      following induction of virus production by iododeoxyuridine. Interferon inhibited
      production of xenotropic type C virus induced by iododeoxyuridine from K-BALB
      cells both in the absence and presence of dexamethasone, but it did not affect
      production of N-tropic type C virus. Exposure of the cells to interferon for
      longer than 12 h was required for maximum effect. Two types of inhibitory effects
      were observed: one diminished by dexamethasone when the steroid was added 24 h
      after interferon removal, and the second resistant to dexamethasone. The
      concentration of intracellular group-specific antigen was diminshed after
      interferon and increased after dexamethasone exposure. When induced cells were
      treated with both interferon and dexamethasone, the intracellular group-specific
      protein concentration was slightly increased, but virus production was reduced 10
      fold compared with induced cells treated with dexamethasone alone. We conclude
      that interferon and dexamethasone may affect both the synthesis of viral proteins
      and the assembly or release of virus particles and that dexamethasone can
      partially nullify the inhibitory activity of interferon. The results also support
      previous conclusions that the regulatory mechanisms for synthesis of viral
      proteins and for the release of viral particles may differ and that controls for
      xenotropic and ecotropic virus formation may not be identical.

PMID- 181593
TI  - Structure of Herpesvirus saimiri genomes: arrangement of heavy and light
      sequences in the M genome.
AB  - Herpesvirus saimiri contains two species of DNA molecules. (i) The M genome is
      composed of 70% light (L) DNA (36% cytosine plus guanine; density in CsCl, 1.695
      g/ml), which consists of unique sequences, and 30% heavy (H) DNA (71% cytosine
      plus guanine; density, 1.729 g/ml). (ii) The H genome contains heavy sequences
      exclusively. H sequences in M and H genomes cross-hybridize completely and are
      cleaved identically by restriction endonuclease R-Sma I into four classes of
      fragments with molecular weights of about 360,000, 300,000, 130,000 and 40,000,
      respectively. H sequences are chains of identical repeat units in tandem
      arrangement. The molecular weight of each repeat unit is about 830,000. L
      sequences have no cleavage site for endo R-Sma I H sequences are terminally
      arranged at both ends of the M genome, as seen by electron microscopy after
      partial denaturation. The length of the individual heavy ends varies between 21
      mum and less than 1 mum, whereas the light region is uniform in size (35.3+/-0.35
      mum). As a rule, molecules with a long heavy end at one side have a short heavy
      end at the other side, thus giving rise to a limited size heterogeneity.
      Orientation of M DNA molecules by the denaturation map of the light region shows
      that the longer heavy end may be located at the left or at the right side of the
      M genome.

PMID- 181594
TI  - Mechanisms of infection with Epstein-Barr virus. I. Viral DNA replication and
      formation of noninfectious virus particles in superinfected Raji cells.
AB  - Human lymphoblastoid Raji cells, which do not produce virus, supported
      replication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) upon superinfection. Early antigen, viral
      capsid antigen, and virions were produced in Raji cells superinfected with EBV.
      Viral DNA replicated under complete inhibition of host cell DNA synthesis to the
      extent that a few micrograms of EBV DNA were recovered from 107 superinfected
      Raji cells, corresponding to 5,000 viral genomes/cell. Homology of the
      synthesized viral DNA to parental EBV DNA was more than 90%. Virions produced by
      the Raji cells contained a 55S DNA but failed to induce early antigen, viral
      capsid antigen, and viral DNA synthesis after a second superinfection of Raji
      cells.

PMID- 181595
TI  - Cytomegalovirus proteins. I. Polypeptides of virions and dense bodies.
AB  - Cytomegalovirus virions and dense bodies were purified by sucrose velocity and
      equilibrium centrifugation from the medium of fibroblasts infected with the
      strain AD169. The final virus preparations were purified more than 228-fold with
      respect to cellular proteins as determined by double-isotopic labeling and at
      least 1,600-fold on the basis of changes in the ratio of total protein to virus
      particles. The protein content of purified particles approximated that found for
      purified preparations of other herpesviruses. Twenty polypeptides ranging from
      22,000 to greater than 230,000 molecular weight were detected in purified virus
      preparations by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Polypeptides of virions and dense bodies were allocated on the basis of analyses
      of preparations containing differing percentages of virions and dense bodies. Six
      polypeptides were represented predominantly or exclusively in virions, and four
      polypeptides were represented predominantly or exclusively in dense bodies,
      whereas the remainder appeared to be shared by both types of particles. Four
      polypeptides were glycosylated, and at least three of these appeared to be shared
      by both particles. Four polypeptides were glycosylated, and at least three of
      these appeared to be shared by both particle types. The protein composition of
      cytomegalovirus differs profoundly from that of herpes simplex virus.

PMID- 181597
TI  - Comparative membrane microviscosity of fish and mammalian rhabdoviruses studied
      by fluorescence depolarization.
AB  - The microviscosity of the hydrophobic region of the membrane of infectious
      hematopoietic necrosis virus was determined using fluorescence depolarization
      analysis of the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and was found to be much
      lower at 37 C than that of another rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus.
      However, the microviscosity of this fish virus at 18 C, the temperature at which
      it was grown, corresponded to the microviscosity of vesicular stomatitis virus at
      37 C. Data obtained with the fish virus host cell (chinook salmon embryo cells)
      grown at 18 C suggest that its membranes have a lower microviscosity than either
      L-929 or BHK-21 cells (the vesicular stomatitis virus host cells) grown at 37 C.

PMID- 181596
TI  - Effect of trypsin on mouse mammary tumor virus.
AB  - Undisrupted mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) derived from the milk of of RIII
      mice has been analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and electron microscopy after treatment with insolubilized
      trypsin. No alterations were found in viral fine structure by either freeze-etch
      or negative-stain electron microscopy. No alterations were found in the ability
      of trypsinized virus to compete in a radioimmune assay for viral antigens.
      Infectivity experiments indicate no significant differences in the ability of
      treated virus to infect C57Bl mice. However, significant differences were
      observed in polypeptide composition. The intensely periodic acid-Schiff-positive
      band, gp140, was shown by galactose oxidase-borotritide labeling to be degraded
      into a fragment of 125,000 molecular weight. The major glycoprotein, gp55, was
      split into fragments of 36,000 and 23,000 molecular weight, both of which stained
      with periodic acid-Schiff stain. Gp68 was removed from the virus. Experiments
      with purified, iodinated gp55 showed that the trypsin-induced fragments of gp55
      were immunologically active. We conclude that: (i) certain glycoproteins at the
      surface of MuMTV are accessible to an insoluble form of trypsin, (ii) the trypsin
      causes a nick in the polypeptide chain without affecting the configuration of the
      molecule; (iii) the nicked molecules remain bound to the virus; and (iv) the
      presence of these nicked molecules does not interfere with the biological or
      antigenic expression of virus function.

PMID- 181598
TI  - Excision of viral DNA from host cell DNA after induction of simian virus 40
      transformed hamster cells.
AB  - Simian virus 40-transformed hamster cells were induced to produce infectious
      virus by treatment with mitomycin C or gamma-irradiation. A portion of the simian
      virus-40 DNA, which is integrated into the host cell genome in uninduced cells,
      was recovered in a pool of relatively low-molecular-weight DNA early after
      induction treatment in the absence of DNA replication. The data indicte that
      excision of the viral genome occurs subsequent to the induction stimulus.

PMID- 181599
TI  - Role of temperature-sensitive mutants in persistent infections initiated with
      vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - Noncytocidal persistent infections at 37 C of mouse L cells (Lvsv) with infective
      B particles of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) could be established only in the
      presence of large numbers of defective interfering (DI) particles. Under these
      conditions, there was a rapid spontaneous selection of temperature-sensitive (ts)
      virus. At 10 days there was an increase to 17.8% in the frequency of ts clones in
      the virus population; by 17 days this frequency had reached 85.2%, and by 63 days
      100% of the clones isolated were ts at 39.5 C, the nonpermissive temperature
      used. All 34 of the clones isolated from the 84-day fluid had an RNA-phenotype,
      and 8 clones that were tested all belonged to VSV complementation group I. When
      tested by an interference assay, Lvsv fluids did not contain significant numbers
      of DI particles (less than 1 DI/PFU). Furthermore, persistent infection of L
      cells at 37 C could be initiated under conditions in which few, if any, DI
      particles were present by using low input multiplicities (10(-4) and 10(-5) of a
      clonal isolate of an RNA-group I mutant obtained from Lvsv cells. On the basis of
      these and other results, a mechanism is proposed to explain the role of ts
      mutants in both the establishment and maintenance of the persistently infected
      state.

PMID- 181600
TI  - Neoplasia at the site of ureterosigmoidostomy.
AB  - An increased incidence of neoplasia at the site of ureterosigmoidostomy must be
      considered in patients being evaluated for or who have undergone this procedure.
      A case of mucinous adenocarcinoma 24 years following bilateral
      ureterosigmoidostomy is reported. This patient had bilateral
      hydroureteronephrosis, which led to left nephroureterectomy and right cutaneous
      ureterostomy. Mucinous adenocarcinoma was diagnosed only after the edematous,
      protruding and inflamed cutaneous ureterostomy stoma was biopsied. To our
      knowledge this is the first reported case of transfer of such a malignancy to the
      skin at the time of cutaneous ureterostomy. We recommend that
      ureterosigmoidostomy be performed only in patients with a limited life expectancy
      who agree to long-term followup. This followup should be frequent, complete and
      continue for the remainder of the patient's life. We consider the tendency for
      development of neoplasia at the ureterosigmoid anastomosis to be a relative
      contraindication to ureterosigmoidostomy. However, with proper patient selection
      and followup, ureterosigmoidostomy is still a remarkably satisfactory method of
      urinary diversion.

PMID- 181602
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus and heart disease. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients had cardiac disease and serological evidence for respiratory
      syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The first patient had myocarditis and complete
      atrioventricular heart block with repeated syncopal episodes two weeks following
      infection. The second patient had alcoholic cardiomyopathy and worsening
      congestive heart failure associated with RSV infection. The significance of RSV
      infection in these two patients may bear a significant relationship to sudden
      infant death syndrome, chronic cardiomyopathy, and alcohol-related heart disease.
      Cardiac disease secondary to RSV infection may be more prevalent than is
      presently recognized.

PMID- 181601
TI  - The absorption of antibiotics from the bladder.
AB  - The movement across the bladder epithelium of polymyxin B, bacitracin and
      neomycin is investigated in the human during postoperative irrigation. No
      appreciable amounts of these antibiotics enter the systemic circulation by this
      route.

PMID- 181603
TI  - Amebiasis of clitoris mimicking carcinoma.

PMID- 181604
TI  - Letter: Hepatocellular adenoma: relationship to oral contraceptives?

PMID- 181605
TI  - Letter: Hepatocellular carcinoma and oral contraceptives.

PMID- 181606
TI  - Recurrent conjugal neuralgia caused by Herpesvirus hominis type 2.
AB  - Leg neuralgia is usually caused by nerve root irritation, and is seldom
      considered of viral origin. Two married couples had recurrent leg pain in a
      dermatome distribution. In each episode, after one to three days of neuralgia,
      herpetic vesicles appear on or near the genitalia. Herpesvirus hominis (HVH) was
      isolated from vesicles or cervix in three patients and was serologically
      identified as herpesvirus honinis type 2. Prolonged follow-up has not shown
      progression of the syndrome or any permanent neurologic damage. Treatment with
      topical neutral red and photoinactivation has not only reduced local lesion
      healing time and frequency of attacks, but it has also given prompt relief of
      neuralgia.

PMID- 181607
TI  - Sleep and insomnia.

PMID- 181608
TI  - True and false left anterior hemiblock: vectorcardiographic study.
AB  - For confirming the configuration of the QRS loop in left anterior hemiblock, 82
      cases with the frontal QRS vector above minus 30 degrees were collected and
      classified by the configuration of the horizontal QRS loop. Thereafter, a
      comparison has been made between the configuration of the QRS loop in clinical
      cases and that in the authors' construction method, and the following findings
      for criteria of left anterior hemiblock are obtained. 1) The afferent limb of the
      frontal QRS loop is dislocated to the left and more superiorly. 2) The efferent
      and afferent limbs of the horizontal QRS loop are located left posteriorly. The
      configuration of the horizontal QRS loop is long and narrow and the direction of
      inscription is clockwise, a figure of 8 or counterclockwise. 3) Cases with the
      right posterosuperior dislocation of the afferent limb of the QRS loop is
      excluded from left anterior hemiblock.

PMID- 181610
TI  - [Human cancer and herpesviruses. EB virus. Key points in carcinogenesis].

PMID- 181609
TI  - Proceedings: Hypophyseal function in SHR: lysine incorporation and ACTH content.

PMID- 181611
TI  - [Human cancer and herpesviruses. EB virus. Immunological studies of
      nasopharyngeal cancer].

PMID- 181613
TI  - [Human cancer and herpesviruses. EB virus. Presence of EB virus virus genes in
      tumor cells].

PMID- 181612
TI  - [Human cancer and herpesviruses. EB virus. Carcinogenesis in vitro by EB virus].

PMID- 181614
TI  - [Human cancer and herpesviruses. Carcinogenicity of herpes simplex virus].

PMID- 181615
TI  - [Human cancer and herpesviruses. Marek's disease. Models for EB virus studies].

PMID- 181616
TI  - [Serum protein binding form of indocyanine green].

PMID- 181617
TI  - [An autopsy case of liver cell carcinoma with bone metastases and a relatively
      long clinical course (author's transl)].

PMID- 181618
TI  - Plaque morphology of herpes simplex virus in various cells under liquid overlay
      as a marker for its type differentiation.

PMID- 181619
TI  - A proposal for designation of Sendai virus proteins.

PMID- 181620
TI  - Concanavalin A-induced agglutination of cells infected with inactive herpes
      simplex virus.

PMID- 181621
TI  - Induction of antiviral activity in vivo and in vitro by human placenta
      ribonucleic acid treated with nitrous acid.
AB  - Induction of antiviral activity and interferon by human placenta ribonucleic acid
      deaminated with sodium nitrite (NO2-RNA) was studied in vitro and in vitro. (1)
      Viral multiplication in diploid cells from human kidney (HK cells) was depressed
      by pretreatment with NO2-RNA, but not by pre-treatment with the original placenta
      RNA. (2) NO2-RNA showed an interferon-inducing activity in rabbits and mice. (3)
      NO2-RNA sedimenting in 18 S and 28 S regions showed a higher antiviral activity
      than that sedimenting in 4 S region.

PMID- 181622
TI  - [Physiology of sleep--the structure of sleep in man].

PMID- 181623
TI  - Further studies of the action of cyclic AMP on the electrical and mechanical
      activities of intestinal smooth muscle.
AB  - Effects of externally applied cyclic AMP and other adrenergic stimulants on the
      electrical and mechanical activities of the cat small intestine were observed by
      using pressure electrodes. The electrical and mechanical activities were
      suppressed by cyclic AMP and beta-stimulants. Those inhibitory actions of cyclic
      AMP and beta-stimulants were potentiated under the treatment with caffeine,
      theophylline and papaverine which inhibits the phosphodiesterase activity. On the
      other hand, the inhibitory action of cyclic AMP and beta-stimulants was decreased
      in imidazole, an agent that increases phosphodiesterase activity. Exogenous
      applied concanavalin A, an agent that inhibits the adenyl cyclase activity,
      showed no observable changes in both activities but the effects of beta
      stimulants were decreased after treatment with concanavalin A. No obvious changes
      on both activities were obtained in cyclic GMP and dibutyryl cyclic GMP. These
      findings tentatively support the hypothesis that cyclic AMP is a second messenger
      in the inhibitory responses to beta-stimulants on the intestinal smooth muscle.
      However, it is also concluded that the inhibition of mechanical activity caused
      by cyclic AMP is partially due to suppression of the membrane activity.

PMID- 181624
TI  - Growth of equine arteritis virus in cells derived from infectious canine
      hepatitis virus-induced hamster tumor and transformed cells.

PMID- 181626
TI  - Feline panleukopenia in Japan. III. Propagation of the virus in cat kidney cell
      cultures.

PMID- 181627
TI  - Studies on equine viral arteritis. II. A serological survey of equine viral
      arteritis in horses imported in 1973/74.

PMID- 181625
TI  - Studies on the electroencephalogram in ruminants. VII. Brain temperature, brain
      oxygen tension and blood flow in the common carotid artery during paradoxical
      sleep in goats.

PMID- 181628
TI  - [Natriuretic factor].

PMID- 181629
TI  - [Experimental aortic stenosis, its subsequent correction and the activity of
      oxidative enzymes in the myocardium].
AB  - The activity of the respiratory enzymes of myocardial mitochondria-
      succinatedehydrogenase and cytochromixidase--was studied in experimentally
      induced aortic stenosis and after its elimination in 98 mongrel dogs. The
      observation period of stenosis was 1, 15, 30 and 60 days, and after its
      elimination--1, 7, 15 and 30 days. The activity of the enzymes in question was
      found to grow after the production of aortic stenosis. The highest level of their
      enzymatic activity was observed on the 15th day after the induction of stenosis.
      By the 30th and 60th day the enzymatic activity underwent some decrease, although
      it persisted on a level above the initial. The activity of succinatedehydrogenase
      fell sharper. After the elimination of the stenosis the activity of both enzymes
      decreased, and by the 7th day it was below the initial level. By the 15th day
      after the removal of the ligature from the aorta the activity of both enzymes
      corresponded to the initial values and did not change further till the end of the
      1st month. The dynamics of the activity of succinatedehydrogenase and
      cytochromixidase after an experimentally induced aortic stenosis and its
      subsequent elimination seems to depend on the nature of the changes in the
      function of the heart muscle performed under such experimental pathology, and on
      the degree of coronary flow enhancement.

PMID- 181630
TI  - The osmoregulation of vasopressin.

PMID- 181632
TI  - Morphology of the ascending thick limb of Henle.
AB  - The morphologic characteristics of the medullary and cortical segments of the
      ascending thick limb of Henle were examined in the rat utilizing light
      microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM). The kidneys of six normal female Sprague-Dawley rats were
      preserved for morphological examination utilizing in vivo intravascular perfusion
      with 6.25% glutaraldehyde buffered in 0.1m sodium cacodylate. SEM revealed the
      presence of two distinctly different patterns of surface structure among the
      population of cells forming the epithelium of the ascending thick limb, a
      roughsurfaced cell with prominent microvilli (R cell) and a smoothsurfaced cell
      generally devoid of extensive microvilli except along the lateral cell margins (S
      cell). This variation in surface structure was confirmed with light microscopy
      and TEM. Throughout both the medullary and cortical segments of the ascending
      thick limb, the R cells possessed extensive lateral processes radiating form the
      main cell body to interdigitate with adjacent cells. Lateral processes of S cells
      were less common than those of the R cells in the inner stripe of the outer
      medulla, but increased in number and complexity in the outer stripe of the outer
      medulla and throughout the cortex. S cells outnumbered R cells in the inner
      stripe of the outer medulla. As the thick limb transversed the outer medulla and
      ascended toward the parent renal corpuscle, there was a marked increase in the
      relative number of R cells. In the cortical segment of the ascending thick limb,
      both the R and S cells tended to acquire a more extensive population of
      microvilli over their luminal surface making it increasingly difficult to
      establish clearcut distinctions between the two surface patterns. With the
      possible exception that vesicles and tubulovesicular profiles located in the
      apical region were more numerous in many of the S cells, additional morphological
      differences between the rough and smoothsurfaced cells were not evident. Whether
      the morphological results represent two distinct cell types or simply a variation
      in the structure of a single cell type, their presence must be considered in
      future structural-functional studies involving the ascending thick limb of Henle
      in the rat.

PMID- 181631
TI  - Drug-induced states of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 181633
TI  - Antidiuretic hormone and water transfer.

PMID- 181634
TI  - The glomerular mesangium: uptake and transport of intravenously injected
      colloidal carbon in rats.
AB  - Collodial carbon, 70 mg/100 g, was injected into rats which were sacificed for
      histologic study of the kidneys at intervals of five minutes to seven weeks.
      Transient thrombocytopenia and albuminuria were observed. Uptake of carbon by the
      mesangium of glomeruli was maximal at 32 hr and gradually decreased thereafter.
      Semiquantitative analysis of the distribution of carbon particles within
      glomeruli revealed a predominately peripheral localization during early time
      periods, and increased relative concentration of particles within more central
      zones and in the lacis area at the vascular pole of the glomerulus at two to
      seven weeks, indicating that one of the mechanisms for clearance of materials
      from the mesangium was movement of particles in the direction  of the lacis area.
      Sequential electron microscopic studies showed that carbon particles moved
      through fenestrae in the endothelium covering the mesangium into channels between
      mesangial cells. Observations at later intervals suggested that carbon eventually
      reached the vascular pole by being passed on from one mesangial cell to the next.
      Vasoactive amines or other substances derived from platelets may play an
      important role in initiating the process of mesangial uptake.

PMID- 181635
TI  - [Cylindroma of the skin of the scalp and face].

PMID- 181636
TI  - [Glomus tumor of the small intestine].

PMID- 181637
TI  - [Immunological cell surface markers in infectious mononucleosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Using a direct immunofluorescence technique and a spontaneous rosette formation
      with sheep red blood cells it could be demonstrated that the large mononuclear
      cells in infectious mononucleosis consisted mainly of T-lymphocytes. It is likely
      that infectious mononucleosis represents a primary B-lymphcoyte infection with
      the Epstein-Barr virus like in the Burkitt lymphoma. In contrast to this
      malignant lymphoma, interaction in infectious mononucleosis leads to a secondary
      T-lymphocyte proliferation.

PMID- 181638
TI  - Hypophosphatasia: a cytochemical study of phosphatase activities.
AB  - Skeletal abnormalities with defective formation of mature calcified bone are the
      most prominent clinical features of hypophosphatasia. Low concentrations of serum
      and tissue alkaline phosphatase and elevated plasma and urinary levels of
      phosphorylethanolamine (PEA) are also present. Although PEA is hydrolyzed by
      serum alkaline phosphatase, the relationship between PEA and the deficiency is
      unclear. PEA has not previously been tested as a cytochemical substrate for the
      in situ demonstration of human alkaline phosphatase activity. We have studied
      alkaline phosphatase activity in hypophosphatasia in tissue sections, utilizing
      PEA and adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) as well as the usual beta-glycerophosphate
      and naphthol phosphate substrates. Neutral and acid phosphatase activities were
      also examined. Our results demonstrate that PEA is a substrate for the
      localization of alkaline phosphatase in normal human tissue, but is not
      hydrolyzed in hypophosphatasia in the liver, brain or costochondral junction
      under alkaline conditions. In the kidney in hypophosphatasia only the straight
      segments of proximal tubules that rim the medullary rays are reactive with PEA.
      Similar results in hypophosphatasia were obtained at an alkaline pH with ATP,
      beta-glycerophosphate, and naphthol phosphate. However, the defect in
      hypophosphatasia is not a generalized deficiency of membrane-associated
      phosphatases because membranes that were deficient in alkaline phosphatase
      activity demonstrated normal reactivity with ATP at neutral pH. In addition,
      thiamine pyrophosphate was also split by Golgi membranes within the cytoplasm.
      Acid hydrolysis of beta-glycerophosphate by lysosomes was normal.

PMID- 181639
TI  - Isolated lamellar bodies from rat lung: correlated ultrastructural and
      biochemical studies.
AB  - Lamellar bodies isolated from rat lung homogenates were prepared for electron
      microscopy by two methods: OsO4 fixation followed by dehydration either with
      acetone or ethanol. Electron microscopy revealed that the acetone-dehydrated
      fraction contained many well preserved lamellar bodies with intact outer
      membrane, and the high retention of a material of low electron density between
      the fine and closely spaced concentric lamellae. This appearance was contrasted
      by the increased loss of this interlamellar material and coarse and irregularly
      spaced lamellae in the ethanol-dehydrated fraction. The supernatants from each
      respective fixation and dehydration were collected for lipid and protein analyses
      in an attempt to correlate any detected biochemical difference with a
      correspondingly modified ultrastructural appearance. Thin layer chromatography on
      the supernatant from the ethanol-dehydrated fraction revealed the extraction of
      40 per cent lecithin and 4 per cent phosphatidylglycerol as compared to 1 per
      cent lecithin and an undeterminably small percentage of phosphatidylglycerol
      extracted by acetone dehydration. The effect of fixation and dehydration upon the
      extraction of chemical components of the lamellar bodies was compared to
      extraction by those of the following treatments: (1) freezing and thawing (a loss
      of 7 per cent lecithin, undetectably small losses of phosphatidylglycerol and
      protein); (2) incubation at 37 degrees C. with magnetic stirring (losses of 35
      per cent lecithin, 5 per cent phosphatidylglycerol, and 4 percent protein,
      respectively); (3) sonication (loss of 57 per cent lecithin, 31 per cent
      phosphatidylglycerol, and 27 per cent protein, respectively). Further lipid
      analyses of the supernatants from dehydration and those obtained from the
      mechanical treatments revealed dipalmitoyl lecithin as the most readily extracted
      lipid. These data indicate that OsO4 fixation followed by acetone dehydration
      improves the preservation of the lamellar body ultrastructure by retaining an
      amorphous material between the lamellae, thus preserving the spatial relationship
      between the lamellae, and further that this improved morphologic preservation
      correlates well with retention of disaturated lecithin.

PMID- 181640
TI  - The non-stoichiometric floating receptor model for hormone sensitive adenylyl
      cyclase.

PMID- 181641
TI  - The effect of membrane capacitance on non-linear summation of synaptic
      potentials.

PMID- 181642
TI  - Behind the scenes with cortisone and ACTH.

PMID- 181643
TI  - Biosynthesis of collagen and its alterations in pathological states.
AB  - The biosynthesis of collagen involves a number of unique post-translational
      modifications which are catalyzed by many specific enzymes. The main steps in
      collagen biosynthesis are transcription and translation, hydroxylations of prolyl
      and lysyl residues, glycosylations of hydroxylysyl residues, chain association
      and disulphide bonding, triple helix formation, secretion of procollagen into the
      extracellular matrix, conversion of procollagen into collagen, specific
      aggregation of collagen molecules and crosslink formation. Information about
      these modifications has rapidly increased during recent years, and initial
      information is available about the regulation and possibilities of specific
      pharmacological control of collagen biosynthesis at the level of these stages.
      Elucidation of the biochemical defect in an inborn error of collagen biosynthesis
      in man was reported for the first time in 1972 and subsequently several
      additional defects have been characterized. Alterations in collagen biosynthesis
      are also found during growth and ageing, as well as in many acquired pathological
      states: data about the nature of such changes in now rapidly accumulating.

PMID- 181645
TI  - Seeking a social disposition for the medical patient: CAAST, a simple and
      objective clinical index.
AB  - An index for the rapid and simple identification on admission of patients at high
      risk of becoming disposition problems was developed based on the patient's status
      of Continence, Ambulation, Age, Social Background, and Thought Processes (CAAST).
      One hundred seven consecutive admissions to City Hospital Center at Elmhurst were
      evaluated on admission according to the CAAST index and followed until discharge.
      The time that the patients remained in the hospital after their medical problems
      had been cared for was defined as social stay and was correlated with CAAST
      score. The high CAAST groups were found to have significantly increased mortality
      and longer average social stays with almost 40 per cent of their in-hospital time
      spent awaiting disposition. A high CAAST score should alert the physician to seek
      earlier help from social service in achieving a more rapid and more appropriate
      disposition for his or her patient.

PMID- 181644
TI  - The design and operation of a dual-beal long-focal-length fluorometer for
      monitoring the oxidative metabolism in vivo.

PMID- 181646
TI  - [Glucagon cyclic AMP test. Study in patients with cholestatic hepatitis and with
      extrahepatic cholestasis].

PMID- 181647
TI  - Hemolytic anemias. Failure of the red cell membrane.
AB  - The normal erythrocyte membrane is composed of nearly equivalent amounts of lipid
      and protein. The lipid portion of the membrane has been well studied. Even though
      de novo synthesis of lipid does not occur in human red cells, many biochemical
      pathways exist which facilitate detoxification of lipid breakdown products and
      lipid renewal. Rare defects in these processes are associated with hemolytic
      disorders. Recent studies have revealed that the membrane proteins are diverse
      and suggest that protein dysfunction may also account for clinical disease.
      Protein and lipid are entwined in a physicochemical relationship which is
      probably best depicted by the classic lipid bilayer with interspersed proteins in
      both the inner and outer surfaces and also spanning the bilayer. Membrane failure
      results in hemolytic anemia. This failure can be intrinsic, caused by abnormal
      lipid or protein constituents; or extrinsic, with a normal membrane being unable
      to counteract physical, chemical or immunologic stress. Clinical examples of
      membrane failure and hemolytic anemia can be separated into three groups
      according to the predominant mechanism of the hemolysis: fragmentation, whole
      cell lysis, and filtration and entrapment. Although these mechanisms can act
      separately or in concert, the final hemolytic destruction of the cell can usually
      be traced to a failure of membrane function.

PMID- 181648
TI  - [Single congenital granular cell myoblastoma (congenital epulis) of the gum].
AB  - A case of granular-cells (congenital epulis type) in the gum in a female newborn
      is reported. The differential characteristics between this tumor and the "so
      called granular cell myoblastoma" are described.

PMID- 181649
TI  - Detection of ototoxicity from drugs applied topically to the middle ear space.
AB  - This paper summarizes data obtained from two separate studies done in our
      laboratory.  Both studies were done to investigate the possibility that drugs
      commonly applied to the middle ear space could be the cause of sensori-neural
      hearing loss.  The two drugs that were felt to be the most likely candidates for
      the studies were neomycin and polymyxin B.  In the neomycin study, the various
      drug concentrations were administered three times a day for four weeks.  In the
      polymyxin B study, the administration was three times a day for two weeks. 
      Cochlear function was evaluated electrophysiologically and by examination of
      surface preparations of the organ Corti.  The data show that both neomycin and
      polymyxin B can, in concentrations similar to those found in commercially
      available otic drops, induce cochlear damage when they are applied to the middle
      ear space of guinea pigs.  The degree of damage produced is related.  In the case
      of neomycin, it was shown that the effect worsens as the duration of the dosage
      administration is extended...

PMID- 181650
TI  - A critical analysis of current trends in the management of Bell's palsy.
AB  - The treatment of Bell's palsy has been a controversial subject for many years.
      During the past 10 years 152 papers pertaining to this affection of the facial
      nerve have apperaed in the American literature. Ninety-seven of these were
      general discussions of the etiology, pathology, prognosis and treatment of this
      condition: 20 were concerned with ascertaining the status of the facial nerve by
      electrical tests and four with the activity of the chorda tympani nerve in
      patients with Bell's palsy. The remaining 31 articles specifically discussed the
      treatment of Bell's palsy. As a result of this obvious interest in Bell's palsy,
      one would expect that the treatment of this affection of the facial nerve would
      be more or less uniform at this time. This is not the case, however, for the
      literature demonstrates it to be in a state of flux. Although steroid therapy has
      replaced other regimens of medical therapy to a large extent, surgical
      intervention still has its proponents. It is interesting to note that at the time
      of this review of the literature, no report of a controlled, double-blind study
      of the efficacy of steroid therapy for Bell's palsy has appeared in the American
      literature.

PMID- 181651
TI  - [Cylindroma of the trachea (author's transl)].

PMID- 181652
TI  - Biological aspects of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 181653
TI  - Effect of colchicine on virus-induced fusion of human erythrocytes.

PMID- 181654
TI  - Prevention of the disturbance of protein synthesis is a possible mechanism of the
      interferon protective activity.

PMID- 181655
TI  - Effects of 8 bromo-cyclic GMP on cyclic AMP levels in urine and tissues of
      hypothyroid rats.

PMID- 181656
TI  - Effects of sex on formation and properties of plasma very low density lipoprotein
      in vivo.
AB  - The concentration and composition of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
      lipids and the behavior of the VLDL in a density gradient in the zonal
      ultracentrifuge were examined in plasma obtained from normal fed male and female
      rats before and after intravenous injection of Triton WR-1339. Concentration of
      lipids in plasma VLDL of female rats was about half that of male animals.
      Following injection with Triton WR-1339, the concentration of VLDL lipids was
      higher in female rats (triacylglycerol) or similar (phospholipid, cholesterol,
      and cholesteryl esters) in both sexes. Female rats secreted much more VLDL
      traicylglycerol into the plasma compartment than did the male animals under the
      same experimental conditions. No differences were observed in lipid composition
      of the VLDL or in the position of the VLDL in the zonal rotor after
      ultracentrifugation in a density gradient of the lipoprotein from plasma of
      normal male and female rats before treatment with the detergent. However, after
      treatment with Triton, a higher proportion of the VLDL particles isolated from
      plasma of female rats displayed a more rapid rate-zonal flotation in the
      ultracentrifuge than did the VLDL produced by the male. The VLDL secreted by
      female rats contained fewer moles of phospholipid and free sterol per mol
      triacylglycerol than did the VLDL secreted by male animals under identical
      experimental conditions. The molar ratio of free cholesterol:cholesteryl ester in
      the VLDL secreted after treatment with Trition increased in both male and female
      rats. Simultaneously, the content of arachidonic acid in phospholipid of VLDL
      increased with a concomitant decrease in cholesteryl ester. These changes in
      fatty acid composition suggest that the inhibitory effect of Triton on lecithin
      cholesterol acyl transferase activity affects the exchange of lipids between VLDL
      and high density lipoprotein. It can be concluded from the data reported here
      that sex influences the concentration of plasma lipids in vivo and the output and
      properties of the VLDL.

PMID- 181657
TI  - Delayed clearance of chylomicron remnants following vitamin-A-containing oral fat
      loads in broad-beta disease (type III hyperlipoproteinemia).
AB  - Chylomicron "remnants" are formed by the selective removal of triglyceride
      catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase. To investigate a possible defect in the
      clearance of these remnants in the pathophysiology of broad-beta disease (type
      III hyperlipoproteinemia), subjects with this disorder and comparison subjects
      with endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (and type IV lipoprotein patterns) ingested
      an oral fat load (corn oil: cocoa butter, 1:1, 50 g/sq M) containing retinyl
      ester, 100 mg, with or without 15 muCi 15-(14) C-retinol (43.7 mCi/mg). The
      content of triglyceride and vitamin A was sequentially determined in chylomicrons
      (Sf more than 400) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDS, Sf20-400) over the
      ensuing 24-72 hr. Vitamin A was chosen as a marker for exogenous sterol
      assimilation since, like cholesterol, it is absorbed in the small intestine and
      cosecreted in esterified form with triglyceride in the chylomicron core; however,
      unlike cholesterol, once having been removed by the liver, it cannot be recycled
      inot VLDL, but subsequently circulates only as a complex with the high density
      retinol binding protein. Thus measurements of the vitamin A/triglyceride ratio in
      Sf greater than 20 lipoproteins reflected the relative efficiency of vitamin A
      versus triglyceride removal within these lipoproteins. These studies confirmed
      the intital concentration of exogenous vitamin A in chylomicrons but invariably
      disclosed an increasing proportion of the remaining Sf greater than 20 vitamin A
      in VLDL 24 hr after its ingestion. The vitamin A/triglyceride ratio also
      invariably increased between 6 and 24 hr in the Sf20-30 subfraction, reflecting
      the formation of vitamin A-rich "remnants" as intermediate species in the
      catabolism of chylomicrons and VLDL. Among those with mild to moderate endogenous
      hypertriglyceridemia the Sf greater than 400 vitamin A/triglyceride ratio
      declined between 6 and 24 hr, reflecting the efficient passage of the vitamin A
      through this fraction and/or continued secretion of Sf greater than 400 particles
      rich in triglyceride. Among those with severe endogenous hypertriglyceridemia,
      both the peak and decline in the Sf greater than 400 vitamin A/triglyceride ratio
      were delayed. However, among those with broad-beta disease, an increasing vitamin
      A/triglyceride ratio between 6 and 24 hr was frequent within all VLDL
      subfractions and invariable among lipoproteins of Sf greater than 400 regardless
      of the degree of antecedent hypertriglyceridemia. Although additional experiments
      disclosed a similar delay in both vitamin A and triglyceride assimilation when
      basal triglyceride levels were high in these subjects, marked reduction of
      triglyceride levels did not correct the rise in the Sf greater than 400 vitamin
      A/triglyceride ratio between 6 and 24 hr. Experiments employing preparative
      electrophoresis confirmed the identity of VLDL containing a high vitamin
      A/triglyceride ratio with the beta-VLDL which accumulate in broad-beta disease...

PMID- 181658
TI  - The effect of bacterial infections on ketone concentrations in rat liver and
      blood and on free fatty acid concentrations in rat blood.
AB  - The concentrations of cytoplasmic lactate and pyruvate and the NAD+/NADH ratio
      and the concentrations of mitochondrial acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and
      the NAD+/NADH ratio were determined in normal, fed, and fasted rats, and in rats
      infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Francisella tularensis, and Salmonella
      typhimurium. The various infections were found to have little or no effect on the
      cytoplasmic parameters. In normal rats, fasting caused a marked increase in blood
      and hepatic ketone concentration and in serum free fatty acid content. Fasted
      infected rats, however, did not show the increase in ketone bodies or serum free
      fatty acids normally associated with fasting alone. The mitochondrial NAD+/NADH
      ratio increased as the infections progressed, reversing the normal trend. The
      introduction of an infection during the fasting state when ketone bodies and
      serum free fatty acids were elevated caused a marked depression in their
      concentration. These data have led to a postulation of decreased lipolysis in the
      infected host to account for the lowered hepatic and blood ketone bodies and the
      decreased level of serum free fatty acids.

PMID- 181659
TI  - The actions of parathyroid hormone on bone: relation to bone remodeling and
      turnover, calcium homeostasis, and metabolic bone diseases. II. PTH and bone
      cells: bone turnover and plasma calcium regulation.
AB  - Kinetic and morphologic studies in patients with parathyroid disease, and a wide
      variety of studies in experimental animals indicate that one major effect of PTH
      is to increase the proliferation of osteoprogenitor cells into osteoclasts and so
      to increase bone turnover. PTH stimulates bone cells by increasing cell membrane
      permeability to calcium and consequently increasing calcium influx and by
      activating membrane-bound adenyl-cyclase. It is likely that the former event
      precedes the latter and that calcium is the second messenger and cyclic AMP the
      third messenger. PTH increases the production by bone cells of lactate, citric
      and carbonic acids, lysosomal enzymes, collagenase, and hyaluronic acid, some or
      all of which are concerned in the mechanism of bone resorption. With the
      exception of lactate which probably comes mainly from osteocytes, the increase in
      metabolic activity is largely due to the increase in the number of osteoclasts.
      There is also ultrastructural, biochemical, and biophysical evidence that PTH
      stimulates existing osteoclasts, but this most likely represents the
      transformation of inactive cells into an active state, and is a transient and
      nonsustainable effect. As yet, there is no evidence that either increased
      osteoprogenitor cell proliferation or increased osteoclast activity is mediated
      by adenyl-cyclase activation. PTH also acts on the deep osteocyte to cause rapid
      mobilization of calcium from the zone of hypomineralized metabolically active
      perilacunar bone. This effect is mediated by adenyl-cyclase activation and is
      preceded by a slight fall in plasma calcium probably due to the movement of
      calcium into bone cells. The function of this rapid hypercalcemic response to PTH
      is correct errors in the prevailing steady-state level of plasma calcium...

PMID- 181660
TI  - A cucumber from Roberta.

PMID- 181661
TI  - [Comparative effect of various chloroactive compounds on the enzyme systems of
      Bacillus anthracoides spores].
AB  - The effect of various chloroactive compounds containing equal amounts of chlorine
      on respiration enzymes was studied in the spores of Bacillus anthracoides 96.
      These compounds inhibited the activity of malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and
      aconitase but stimulated the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,
      succinate dehydrogenase, and ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Therefore, the action
      of these compounds is rather specific, and the inhibition of the activity of some
      enzymes is one of the factors causing the sporocidal effect.

PMID- 181662
TI  - [Study of the toxigenic properties of a mixture of the S- and R-forms of
      Clostridium perfringens 28 (BP6K)].

PMID- 181663
TI  - Prostaglandins, possible mediators of the effects of oestrogens on luteinizing
      hormone output.
AB  - A possible mechanism for the positive and negative feed-back effects of oestrogen
      on luteinizing hormone (LH) output is suggested. It is proposed that oestrogens
      may influence prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus in relation to LH
      releasing hormone (LH.RH) synthesis and release. Changes in oestrogen level or in
      the oestrogen to progesterone ratio may alter the ratios of prostaglandin
      concentrations in the hypothalamus, and so modulate LH.RH output through effects
      on sympathetic neurotransmission, protein synthesis or LH.RH release.

PMID- 181664
TI  - [Functional exploration of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal axis].

PMID- 181665
TI  - [Functional exploration of the adrenal gland activity in the hypothalamo
      hypophyseal-adrenal axis].

PMID- 181666
TI  - [Therapy of hypoadrenal syndromes].

PMID- 181667
TI  - [Radioimmunological determination of plasma ACTH and beta-MSH in congenital
      adrenal gland hyperplasia].

PMID- 181668
TI  - Fine structure of the URA2 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Meiotic and
      mitotic mapping studies.
AB  - The URA2 locus codes for a multifunctional enzyme complex carrying aspartate
      transcarbamylase (ATCase) and carbamyly phosphate synthetase (CPSase) activities.
      Three different types of ura2 mutants were tested in meiotic and mitotic
      recombination experiments: ura2A mutants devoid of ATCase activity, ura2C mutants
      devoid of CPSase activity and ura2B mutants devoid of both activities. All the
      ura2A mutations were found to be clustered at one end of the URA2 locus, called
      zone A, while the ura2C mutations were localized in a region at the other end,
      called zone C. All but two ura2B mutations (most of them suppressible) were
      distributed throughout zone C; the two ura2B exceptions which are small
      deletions, mapped in zone A. On the meiotic as well as on the mitotic map an
      intermediary or dead-space zone is located between zones A and C. No mutation has
      yet been found to map in this zone. The relative lengths of the three zones A,
      intermediary and C are 1 :2-3 :3-4, respectively. These data are consistent with
      the hypothesis that the URA2 locus consisting of at least two cistrons: C
      (CPSase) and A (ATCase), is transcribed into a single polycistronic message in
      the direction C to A. However, alternative hypotheses in reference to Peterson
      and MacLaughlin's observations (1973) are discussed.

PMID- 181670
TI  - [The character of the distribution of chloroplast DNA from higher plants in a
      cesium chloride density gradient].
AB  - The nature of distribution of the chloroplast DNA from three species of higher
      plants (Sp. oleracea, N. tabacum, P. sativum) in the CsCl density gradient has
      been investigated DNA preparations isolated from the fractions of chloroplasts
      completely deprived of the admixtures of nuclei and mitochondria are
      characterized by symmetric distribution in the density gradient. Fragmentation of
      chloroplast DNA of higher plants is not accompanied by the appearance of the
      discrete satellite components. It has been shown that the satellite DNA component
      found in the fraction of the unpurified chloroplasts are entirely mitochondrial
      DNA.

PMID- 181669
TI  - Division delay and DNA degradation after mutagen treatment of the yeast,
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AB  - The treatment of the yeast mutant TMP1-1, which is capable of incorporating low
      levels of 3H-thymidine-5' - monophosphate with UV light and ethyl methane
      sulphonate resulted in division delay when cultures were reinnoculated into fresh
      medium. The initiation of cell division was accompanied by the degradation of up
      to 20% of the nuclear DNA fraction. The period of DNA degradation correlates
      closely with the time at which yeast cultures undergo mitotic recombination and
      appears to represent the degradation of DNA during a post-replication repair
      process.

PMID- 181671
TI  - [Phosphorylation of lysine-rich histones by swine brain histokinase].
AB  - The phosphorylation of lysine-rich histones F1, F2a2 and F2b of calf thymus has
      been investigated using homogeneous histone kinase from pig brain. 32P-labelled
      phosphopeptides from tryptic digests of corresponding histones were obtained.
      According to N-terminal analysis and the quantitative determination of amino acid
      composition of the obtained radioactive peptides the sites of phosphorylation
      were identified in the primary structure of lysine-rich histones, namely, Ser-38
      for the polypeptide chain of histone F1, Ser-19 or 18 for histone F2a2 and Ser-14
      and 36 for histone F2b. Thus, the high specificity of brain histone kinase in
      vitro was demonstrated.

PMID- 181672
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of natural SiO2 particles and SiO2 particles isolated
      from rat lung].
AB  - Natural SiO2 particles of 0--4, 0--5 and 5--10 micron of size were investigated
      by the aid of transmission and scanning electron microscope. Silicosis in rats
      was induced with SiO2 particles of 0--5 micron of size. After 18 month SiO2 was
      isolated from the silicotic lung and investigated by the aid of transmission and
      scanning electron microscopy and with electronmicroscopic diffraction technique.
      Natural and isolated from silcotic lung SiO granules were divided into different
      groups according to their planimetrycally measured area, and excentricity
      calculated from their diameter. It was established, that division of silica
      particles isolated from lungs became different as compared to the natural silica
      dust. Among the silicadust isolated from silicotic lungs of rats proportion of
      finer granules is much higher than in natural silica-dust-fraction. Granules
      isolated from lung have rounded edges and part of them shows a decrease of
      electrondensity. Majority of particules of 0,01 micron of size appears to be
      isolated in the material got from the silicotic lung.

PMID- 181673
TI  - [Biochemical form of a paraneoplastic Cushing's syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - Paraneoplastic hypercorticism appears either as a fullfledged Cushing's syndrome
      with adiposity of the trunk, moon face and striae or as a biochemical form with
      hypokalemic alkalosis, adynamia and muscular atrophy. A form of the disease with
      the biochemical type in bronichial carcinoma is reported, which emphasizes also
      the significance of paraneoplastic syndromes for the early diagnosis of
      neoplasia.

PMID- 181674
TI  - Studies on DNA repair in early spermatid stages of male mice after in vivo
      treatment with methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and isopropyl methanesulfonate.
AB  - In vivo DNA repair occurring in early spermatid stages of the mouse has been
      studied with four mutagens that are chemical homologs: MMS, EMS, PMS and IMS.
      Using the well-studied sequence of events that occurs during spermatogenesis and
      spermiogenesis in the mouse, aatids was measured by the unscheduled incorporation
      of [3H]dT into these germ cells which were recovered from the caudal epididymides
      16 days after chemical treatment. Purification of the caudal sperm DNA at this
      time verified that the [3H]dT was incorporated into the DNA. For each chemical
      mutagen a study was made on the level of DNA repair occurring in early spermatids
      as a function of the administered, in vivo dose. Within experimental errors, all
      four chemicals produced a linear increase in DNA repair in early spermatids with
      increasing dose. Only the highest dose of MMS (100 mg/kg) produced a greater
      repair response than expected for a linear curve. At equimolar doses the most
      effective chemical in inducing DNA repair was MMS, followed by EMS, IMS and PMS.
      When testicular injections of [3H]dT were given at the same time as the
      intraperitoneal injections of the mutagens, the amount of unscheduled
      incorporation of [3H]dT into the DNA of early spermatids was maximized. Since
      [3H]dT has been shown to be available for incorporation into germ-cell DNA for
      only approximately 1 h after injection, all four mutagens must reach the DNA of
      early spermatids and begin producing "repairable" lesions within 1 h after
      treatment. The amount of DNA repair occurring at later times after chemical
      treatment of early spermatids was studied by testicular injections of [3H]dT 1/2,
      1, 2 and 3 days after chemical treatment. Repair was still occurring in the early
      spermatids at 3 days post-treatment; this repair is most likely a manifestation
      of the finite rate of the repair process rather than resulting from newly
      alkylated DNA. For MMS and EMS there was a rapid decrease in the level of DNA
      repair in the first 1/2 day following treatment. This was followed by a much
      slower, exponential decrease in the level of repair out to 3 days post-treatment.
      The curves suggest that the amount of repair is proportional to the number of
      repairable lesions still present in the DNA. For PMS and IMS the level of repair
      decreases rapidly in the first 1/2 day after treatment and thereafter remains
      relatively constant through 3 days post-treatment. With all four mutagens, DNA
      repair in early spermatids was detectable at doses 5 to 10 times lower than those
      required to observe other genetic end points such as dominant lethals,
      translocations and specific-locus mutations in any germ-cell stage. The
      sensitivity of detection of in vivo DNA repair in the germ cells of male mice
      makes such a system a useful adjunct to other genetic tests for studying chemical
      mutagenesis in mammals.

PMID- 181676
TI  - C-type virus expression in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Kidneys from patients with lupus nephropathy, non-lupus immune-complex
      glomerulonephritis and other renal diseases were examined by indirect
      immunofluorescence for antigens related to a C-type virus from human cells (HEL
      12 virus). All 11 specimens of lupus nephropathy contained HEL-12 virus antigens
      deposited in the same pattern as the immune complexes. The intensity of
      immunofluorescence with anti-HEL-12 virus serum correlated with the extent of
      immune-complex deposition. In contrast, nine renal lesions other than lupus
      nephropathy and seven normal tissues did not react with anti-HEL-12 virus serum.
      Antibody eluted from one kidney with lupus nephropathy reacted by indirect
      immunofluorescence with human and dog cells infected with HEL-12 virus but not
      with uninfected control cells. These findings demonstrate a specific association
      of lupus nephropathy with a C-type viral antigen that is deposited as antigen
      antiviral antibody complex.

PMID- 181675
TI  - School failure and deafness after "silent" congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
AB  - We found IgM antibody directed against cytomegalovirus in the umbilical-cord
      blood of 53 of 8644 newborns. Forty-four of the 53 had psychometric and pediatric
      evaluations at 3.5 to 7.0 years of age. The group's mean IQ was 102.5+/-22.4 (+/
      S.D.), whereas in matched controls it was 111.7 (PC 0.025). Bilateral hearing
      loss was present in five of 40 children with antibody against cytomegalovirus and
      in one of 44 matched controls without antibody (P less than 0.1). Three of the
      antibody-positive children, however, had profound deafness, an abnormality that
      occurs once in approximately 1000 children. The predicted school failure rate,
      based on IQ, behavioral, neurologic and auditory test data, was 2.7 times that of
      matched socioeconomic controls and eight times that of randomly selected
      controls. We conclude that clinically inapparent congenital cytomegalovirus
      infection can adversely affect central-nervous-system development.

PMID- 181677
TI  - Susceptibility of chickens to avian encephalomyelitis virus. III. Behavior of the
      virus in growing chicks.
AB  - A chick embryo-adapted strain of avian encephalomyelitis virus was inoculated
      subcutaneously and orally into 40-day-old (middle-aged) and 110-day-old (advanced
      aged) chicks to examine the behavior of the virus in the chick body. In the
      middle-aged chicks, the virus appeared in the muscle at the site of inoculation,
      liver, spleen, pancreas, lumbar and cervical portions of the spinal cord, and
      brain 1 approximately 9 days after subcutaneous inoculation, and remained mostly
      in the central nervous system up to 17 days after the inoculation. The virus was
      found in large amounts in the muscle at the site of inoculation (10(3.1)), lumbar
      portion (10(2.5)) and cervical portion (10(2.1)) of the spinal cord, brain
      (10(1.9)), and in minute amounts in the other organs examined. It appeared in 11
      of 21 organs examined. In the middle-aged chicks inoculated by the oral route,
      the virus was detected transiently in small amounts from esophagus, pancreas, and
      rectum 4 approximately 14 days after inoculation. In the advanced-aged chicks
      inoculated by the subcutaneous route, the virus was detected in titer of 10(2.1)
      approximately 10(3.0) from the muscle at the site of inoculation 2 approximately
      7 days after inoculation. The virus was also found sporadically in several organs
      up to 17 days after inoculation. In the advanced-aged chicks inoculated by the
      oral route, no virus appeared in any organ, but these chicks turned to be weakly
      positive for neutralizing antibody in the 4th or later week after inoculation.

PMID- 181678
TI  - Isolation and properties of reovirus from cattle in an outbreak of acute
      respiratory disease.
AB  - A cytopathogenic virus was isolated in the primary culture of bovine kidney cells
      from a nasal swab of affected calves in an outbreak of acute respiratory disease
      in Japan in 1971. It agglutinated human type O erythrocytes and produced
      cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Viral replication was inhibited by 5-iodo-2'
      deoxyuridine, indicating that the viral nucleic acid was RNA. The virus was
      resistant to ether, chloroform, sodium deoxycholate, and acid, and passed readily
      through Sartorius' membrane filter 100 nm in pore size, but not through the
      filter 50 nm in pore size. Electron microscopy showed many spherical particles 60
      approximately 75 nm in diameter with a double-layered capsid in a sample taken at
      a buoyant density of 1.34 produced by CaCl equilibrium centrifugation. The virus
      suspended in 1M MgCl2 solution was stable against heating at 50 degrees C for 30
      minutes, but not against freezing at -20 degrees C for 60 minutes. The virus was
      resistant to, and increased in infectivity after, treatment with 0.063
      approximately 1.0% trypsin. These properties were consistent with those
      established for the reoviruses. Most affected cattle showed a significant rise of
      antibody titer against reovirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, whereas
      only a few of them presented a serological evidence for recent infection with
      parainfluenza virus type 3, bovine adenovirus type 7, and bovine parovirus.

PMID- 181679
TI  - Separation and properties of enterovirus and reovirus recovered from a fecal
      sample of calf with diarrhea.
AB  - In April, 1971, a disease with pyrexia and diarrhea as main symptoms broke out
      collectively among calves. Fecal samples were collected from calves involved and
      inoculated into bovine kidney (BK) cell cultures. As a result, the diarrheal
      feces of one calf were suspected to contain two agents simultaneously. One agent
      (C-121 E strain) was isolated from the primary infected BK cell culture fluid by
      terminal dilution passages. It had been predominant in replication and shown a
      cytopathic effect which gave rise to a granular appearance in the early stage of
      culture. The other agent (C-121 R strain) was isolated from the primary infected
      BK cell culture fluid by neutralizing the C-121 E strain contained in this fluid
      with antiserum against this strain. It caused cytoplasmic inclusion bodies to
      form. On the basis of their physico-chemical properties, the C-121 E strain was
      identified as bovine enterovirus and the C-121 R strain as reovirus. Serological
      tests indicated that some of the affected calves had been infected not only with
      the two strains isolated, but also with bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine
      adenovirus type 7, and bovine parvovirus.

PMID- 181680
TI  - Increased intestinal absorption in the rat caused by sodium lauryl sulphate, and
      its possible relation to the cAMP system.
AB  - The increases in the absorption of ouabain, phenolsulphonphthalein and
      pralidoxime caused by 17 mM sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) from jejunal loops of
      anaesthetized rats were significantly reduced if sodium and chloride (Briseid et
      al., 1974) or chloride and bicarbonate were replaced by other ions in the loop
      fluid. Separate substitutions of sodium, chloride of bicarbonate did not
      significantly alter the SLS-caused absorption, except that the substitution of
      choline for sodium reduced the absorption of pralidoxime, both in the presence
      and in the absence of SLS. The increases in the absorption of
      phenolsulphonphthalein and pralidoxime caused by SLS were potentiated by
      theophylline (25 mM) and reduced by imidazole (25 mM). The addition of dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP (2.5 mM) to the loop fluid increased this absorption of the test
      substances. This effect was reduced by imidazole, but under the experimental
      conditions it was not potentiated by theophylline. Determinations of cyclic AMP
      in the rat intestinal mucosa showed that the level of this substance was
      significantly higher in the presence than in the absence of SLS. The experimental
      conditions were as described for the absorption experiments. It is concluded that
      the data obtained support the idea of an increased level of cyclic AMP as the
      main basis for the effect of SLS on the absorption.

PMID- 181682
TI  - Conversion of angiotensin I in isolated perfused guinea-pig and rat lung.
AB  - Increasing concentrations of angiotensin I and different perfusion rates were
      used to study the conversion of angiotensin I in guinea-pig and rat lungs. Even
      the highest concentration used (32.0 muM), which is a thousand times higher than
      that which occurs in vivo, was unable to saturate the converting system
      indicating the enormous capacity of this system. SQ 20881 proved to be a
      reversible inhibitor of the converting system. Its effect on the angiotensin I
      conversion was greater in guinea-pig lungs than in rat lungs (ID50 was 40.0 nM in
      guinea-pig lung and above 360.0 nM in rat lungs at a substrate concentration of
      38.6 nM).

PMID- 181681
TI  - Catecholamine receptor agonists: effects on motor activity and rate of tyrosine
      hydroxylation in mouse brain.
AB  - Motor activity during the first 5 min in a motility meter was measured in mice
      given 0.025-3.2 mg/kg of the dopamine and noradrenaline receptor agonists
      apomorphine and clonidine, respectively. The accumulation of Dopa, as induced by
      the inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, NSD 1015, was measured in
      parallel in two dopamine-rich regions, i.e. the limbic system and the corpus
      striatum, and in two noradrenaline-rich regions, i.e. the neocortex and the lower
      brain stem. Low doses (0.025-0.2 mg/kg) of apomorphine reduced locomotion in a
      dose-dependent manner, while the reduction after higher doses was less
      pronounced, indicating a biphasic dose-response relationship. Clonidine caused a
      dose-dependent locomotor depression. When low doses of the two drugs were
      combined, the inhibitory effect observed was at least additive. When clonidine
      was combined with a high dose of apomorphine (0.8 mg/kg), it caused a significant
      inhibition of locomotion in a dose of 0.1-0.2 mg/kg, but not after 0.8 mg/kg,
      indicating a biphasic dose-response relationship. Either drug given alone reduced
      Dopa accumulation after inhibition of its decarboxylation, in all regions, but
      smaller doses of apomorphine had a clearcut effect only in the dopamine-rich
      regions, whereas the lowest dose of clonidine investigated (0.05 mg/kg) had an
      inhibitory effect on Dopa formation only in the neocortex. The relationship
      between the dose of apomorphine and Dopa formation in the neocortex appeared
      biphasic, the highest dose (3.2 mg/kg) having no significant effect. Further,
      apomorphine in this dose accelerated the disappearance of noradrenaline after
      inhibition of synthesis by alpha-methyltyrosine. Reversal of reserpine-induced
      suppression of motor activity was taken to indicate postsynaptic receptor
      activation. The threshold dose of apomorphine causing reversal was 0.2 mg/kg. The
      inhibitory effect of e.g. 0.05 mg/kg on locomotion and on Dopa formation suggests
      a preferential activation of inhibitory autoregulatory dopamine receptors by low
      doses of this drug. A similar trend was observed for clonidine. The basal
      importance of dopamine neurones for the locomotor function studied in the present
      paper is illustrated by the marked inhibition by low doses of apomorphine. On the
      other hand, the observations with clonidine suggest a somewhat less striking and
      perhaps less direct influence of noradrenaline neurones on motor activity. Mice
      with a low motor activity, as induced e.g. by reserpine or, in another
      experiment, mice adapted to the motility meter, displayed an increased motor
      activity after higher doses of apomorphine (from 0.2 and 2 mg/kg, respectively),
      whereas all doses depressed the initial high motor activity. Probably, high motor
      activity requires active dopamine neurones, making this behaviour more
      susceptible to interference with autoregulatory mechanisms, whereas a low basal
      activity may be more affected by activation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors.

PMID- 181683
TI  - Non-specific inhibition of membrane-ATPase by amiloride: a comparative in vivo
      and in vitro study with ouabain.
AB  - The submaxillary duct epithelium, which actively transports Na+ (rabbit) and, in
      addition, K+ and H+/HCO-/3 (rat), was used as a model epithelium to compare the
      effects of ouabain and amiloride on transport parameters. 1. Ouabain was only
      effective from the interstitial side, amiloride, however, only from the luminal
      side. Amiloride induced effects on transport of the ions were seen within less
      than 1 s, ouabain effects, however, only after minutes. 2. Ouabain inhibited in a
      parallel fashion the Na+ transport potential and the Na+-K+-ATPase activity. It
      had no effect on the Mg2+-ATPase and the HCO-/3-ATPase. 3. Amiloride also
      inhibited the Na+ transport potential and the Na+-K+-ATPase; however, the Na+
      transport potential was significantly more sensitive to amiloride than the Na+-K+
      ATPase. 4. Amiloride inhibited in a similar fashion the Na+-K+-ATPase, the Mg2+
      ATPase and the HCO-/3-ATPase, but did not influence active HCO-/3 secretion. 5.
      It is concluded that the amiloride induced effects on the membrane ATPases are
      non-specific.

PMID- 181684
TI  - Adrenal cortex adenylate cyclase. Is Ca2+ involved in ACTH stimulation?
AB  - The chelator EGTA inhibits the activation of bovine adrenal cortex adenylate
      cyclase by ACTH. Hormonal response is restored by addition of Ca2+, Mn2+ and
      other cations which are able to significantly reduce the concentration of
      uncomplexed EGTA in the adenylate cyclase assy medium. Time course studies reveal
      that the enzyme in the activated state (induced by adenylate cyclase reagents and
      hormone or by pretreatment with hormone) is resistant to EGTA inhibition.

PMID- 181685
TI  - Effects of stimulatory and depressant drugs on cyclic guanosine 3',5'
      monophosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in mouse brain.
AB  - Cyclic GMP levels were dose-dependently increased by excitatory drugs such as
      picrotoxin, pentetrazol, oxotremorine and harmaline in mouse cerebellum and
      medial forebrain (parts of the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus,
      striatum and midbrain) in vivo. Cyclic AMP levels remained unchanged under these
      conditions. Pretreatment with diazepam completely abolished the effect of
      picrotoxin and harmaline and significantly reduced the effects of pentetrazol and
      oxotremorine on cyclic GMP levels, but the tremor due to harmaline and
      oxotremorine was not blocked. Pretreatment with pentobarbital also prevented or
      strongly reduced changes in cyclic GMP levels elicited by excitatory drugs
      without abolishing the tremorigenic effects of harmaline and oxotremorine.
      Pretreatment with atropine was only effective in blocking cyclic GMP rise and
      tremor induced by oxotremorine and picrotoxin. Since pentobarbital and diazepam
      also decreased cyclic GMP levels in a dose-dependent manner in brains of control
      animals, the changes in cyclic GMP levels observed after administration of
      excitatory drugs appear to be related to the arousal reaction of the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 181686
TI  - The role of presynaptic receptors in the release and synthesis of 3H-dopamine by
      slices of rat striatum.
AB  - Striatal slices were continuously superfused with L-3,5-(3)H-tyrosine (50
      muCi/ml) and 4H-H2O [index of 3H-dopamine (3H-DA) synthesis] and 3H-DA estimated
      in 0.5 ml (2.5 min) superfusate fractions. Depolarization with 50 mM K+ for 7.5
      min induced a marked increase in 3H-DA release and a biphasic effect on synthesis
      (slight increase in the first fraction followed by a significant decrease in the
      third and fourth fractions). The decrease in the rate of 4H-H2O formation induced
      by K+ was not related to modifications of the specific activity of tyrosine in
      tissues. The possibility that the inhibition of synthesis was due to alterations
      in DA concentration in the synaptic cleft was examined. Benztropine in a
      concentration which produced inhibition of DA uptake (10(-6) M) increased the K+
      induced overflow of 3H-DA but failed to alter the inhibition of synthesis. On the
      other hand, when the powerful neuroleptic fluphenazine was added to the
      superfusion medium in a concentration which only weakly blocked 3H-DA uptake (10(
      6) M) it potentiated 3H-DA release and prevented the inhibition of synthesis both
      in the absence or presence of benztropine. A similar effect was seen following
      the in vivo treatment of rats with fluphenazine (2 mg/kg; 1 1/2 h before
      sacrifice). The addition of exogenous DA (0.6 X 10(-6) M) or NA (10(-6) M) to the
      superfusion medium increased 3H-DA outflow and reduced DA synthesis while
      isoproterenol (10(-6) M) was without effect. The DA inhibitory effect on
      synthesis was still observed in the presence of benztropine (10(-6) M) while the
      NA effect was prevented. This concentration of benztropine blocked both DA and NA
      uptake. The administration of fluphenazine (10(-6) M) significantly prevented the
      decrease in 3H-DA synthesis induced by exogenous DA and partially prevented the
      effect of NA. In addition, the effect of exogenous DA on the inhibition of
      synthesis was still seen in the presence of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,
      7,8-tetrahydropteridine hydrochloride (DMPH4) (to protect against end-product
      inhibition). The present results provide direct support for the concept that
      activation of presynaptic DA receptors located on DA terminals in the striatum of
      the rat results in an inhibition of synthesis and release of the transmitter.

PMID- 181687
TI  - Effects of diethyldithiocarbamate on the catabolism of tyrosine in the rat brain.
AB  - 500 mg/kg sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and trace quantities of uniformly
      labelled 14C-tyrosine were administered simultaneously to male albino rats of
      Porton-Wistar strain of approximately 210 g body weight. Thirty minutes later
      total radioactivity, the concentration and the specific activity of free tyrosine
      were increased both in plasma and in the brain by 40% compared with rats
      untreated with DDC. The incorporation of 14C from 14C-tyrosine into the fraction
      corresponding to the elution of glutamine-glutamate from the amberlite resin
      column was 80% less in the brain 30 min after DDC. The exhalation of 14CO2 was
      depressed by 80% in the first hour after DDC. When 14C-tyrosine was given 3.5 h
      after DDC the only differences between experimental and control rats were the
      increased incorporation of 14C into the glutamine-glutamate and aspartate
      fractions and the increased exhalation of 14CO2 which became significiant in the
      third and fourth half hour periods after the injection of 14C-tyrosine. From the
      experiments it is concluded that DDC, an inhibitor of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase,
      also interferes with the major catabolic pathway of tyrosine.

PMID- 181688
TI  - Interaction of digitoxigenin with lecithin membranes.
AB  - The binding of digitoxigenin to lecithin model membranes was investigated by
      application of electron spin- and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. A
      digitoxigenin spin-label derivative was found to bind specifically to the
      pseudohexagonal rigid lattice of lecithin membranes. The binding is accomplished
      by some of the structural features which are required for the biological activity
      of cardiac glycosides. Digitoxigenin has a procooperative effect on dipalmitoyl
      lecithin membranes. The induction of lipid phase separation is discussed as a
      hypothetic molecular mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides on biological
      membranes.

PMID- 181690
TI  - [Corticofugal influences on the reticulospinal neurons of gigantocellular nucleus
      in cats].
AB  - Stimulation of the motor cortex evoked excitatory and inhibitory PSP in
      reticulospinal neurons of the cat gigantocellular nucleus. EPSP were recorded in
      94.3% of the investigated neurons and IPSP in 5.7%. Analysis of the presynaptic
      pathways showed that 77.4% of EPSPs appeared through monosynaptic and 22.6%
      through polysynaptic corticoreticular connections. According to latency, duration
      and rise time all monosynaptic EPSP were divided into two groups (fast and slow).
      Obviously, fast EPSPs are generated by fast corticobulbar fibres and slow ones by
      slow fibres. IPSP were recorded in neurons which were also inhibited by
      stimulation of the ventral funiculi of the spinal cord. It is suggested that
      motor cortical signals can be transmitted to the spinal cord through both mono-
      and polysynaptic connections of the fast and slow pyramidal neurons with
      reticulospinal neurons.

PMID- 181691
TI  - [Generation of impulse activity by the dendrites of secondary neurons in the rat
      olfactory bulb].

PMID- 181689
TI  - Effects of dopaminergic stimulants on cyclic nucleotide levels in mouse brain in
      vivo.
AB  - Dopaminergic stimulants (amantadine, amphetamine, apomorphine, nomifensine and L
      dopa plus benserazide) increased cyclic GMP levels in the medial forebrain and
      cerebellum of mice. Cyclic AMP levels were not significantly altered under these
      conditions. Drug-induced stereotyped behaviour correlated in intensity and
      duration to the changes in cyclic GMP levels in the medial forebrain. Amantadine,
      apomorphine and nomifensine showed a linear dose response relationship, but
      differed as to the extent and time course of the increase in cyclic GMP.
      Amantadine and apomorphine were were more effective in elevating cyclic GMP in
      the medial forebrain than in the cerebellum. Amphetamine produced an exponential
      dose-related elevation of cyclic GMP in both parts of the brain, being more
      effective in the cerebellum than in the medial forebrain at high doses, thus
      indicating a complex mechanism of action. L-Dopa (50 mg/kg) and benserazide (40
      mg/kg) alone did neither significantly increase cyclic GMP levels nor induce
      stereotyped behaviour. However, in animals pretreated with benserazide (15 min
      prior to L-odopa) L-dopa produced a significant elevation of cyclic GMP and
      stereotyped behaviour.

PMID- 181693
TI  - Viruslike particles in granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system.
AB  - Neuropathologic examination of the brain of a 67-year-old woman with a 5-month
      history of progressive multiple neurologic deficits showed granulomatous angiitis
      of the small parenchymal and leptomeningeal blood vessels of the brain and spinal
      cord. Electron microscopy of formalin-fixed brain disclosed intranuclear
      viruslike particles resembling herpesvirus. Although definitive proof cannot be
      established without further virologic tests, this previously unreported finding
      suggests that some cases of granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system
      may result from viral infection.

PMID- 181692
TI  - Studies with bromocriptine: III. Concomitant administration of caffeine to
      patients with idiopathic parkinsonism.
AB  - Caffeine was administered to six patients with idiopathic parkinsonism in an
      attempt to potentiate the therapeutic response of bromocriptine, a dopamine (DA)
      receptor agonist, by inhibition of phosphodiesterase. In a double-blind study at
      doses of 1,000 mg daily, caffeine failed to enhance the antiparkinsonian action
      of bromocriptine (40 mg daily) given concomitantly. Although effective in
      potentiating the action of levodopa and other agonists in animal models of
      parkinsonism, caffeine is inactive in parkinsonism in man.

PMID- 181694
TI  - Letter: Acute idiopathic polyneuritis: no residua after steroid treatment?

PMID- 181695
TI  - Experimental myasthenia due to alpha-bungarotoxin.
AB  - Neuromuscular transmission was studied electrophysiologically in rabbits
      intoxicated by alpha-bungarotoxin, a specific inhibitor of acetylcholine
      receptor. The findings consisted of a slight reduction in amplitude of single
      evoked muscle action potentials, a decrement in amplitude of successive evoked
      muscle action potentials post-tetanic potentiation and exhaustion, edrophonium
      reversal, and no change of muscle action potentials evoked by direct stimulation
      of the muscle. These were similar to characteristic electrophysiologic phenomena
      seen in 40 patients with myasthenia gravis. The receptor abnormality may be
      responsible for the underlying defect of myasthenia.

PMID- 181696
TI  - Hyperthyroidism and myasthenia gravis with features of Eaton-Lambert syndrome.
AB  - In a 50-year-old man with hyperthyroidism and myasthenic weakness
      electrophysiologic phenomena similar to Eaton-Lambert syndrome were seen in
      classical myasthenia gravis. The orbicularis oculi showed an abnormally small
      muscle action potential in response to nerve stimulus and unusual facilitation of
      the response with activity. These signs are compatible with Eaton-Lambert
      syndrome, but the findings obtained from the adductor pollicis were typical of
      classical myasthenia. A possible common basis for hyperthyroidism and such an
      electrophysiologic complexity of transmission failure was considered as a
      pathogenic hypothesis.

PMID- 181697
TI  - Some metabolic effects of prolonged feeding of starch, sucrose, fructose and
      carbohydrate-free diet in the rat.
AB  - Male rats of the ASL Wistar strain were fed from weaning on starch, fructose or
      carbohydrate-free diets for 4 and 12 weeks. In addition, further groups were fed
      for 24 weeks on starch, sucrose or carbohydrate-free diets. Livers were examined
      for gross composition, glucose-6-phosphatase activity and in vitro lipogenesis
      and glucose oxidation. Intestinal sucrase was also measured. Dietary fructose and
      the carbohydrate-free diet induced an enlargement of the livers after 12 weeks
      feeding, when expressed per 100g body weight, and at the same time, an increased
      fat content. Fructose caused an increase in liver glucose-6-phosphatase after 4
      weeks, which persisted after 12 weeks, and a similar increase was observed after
      24 weeks feeding on sucrose. Fructose produced an increase in intestinal sucrose
      after 4 weeks, but this did not persist and there was no increase evident after
      12 weeks feeding, nor after 24 weeks feeding on sucrose. Fructose markedly
      depressed the in vitro lipogenesis and glucose oxidation in liver slices. This
      was evident after 4 weeks feeding and also after 12 weeks when the effect of age
      showed as a fall in both these parameters in the control group of animals. The
      carbohydrate-free diet caused an increase in liver glucose-6-phosphatase after 4
      weeks, a smaller increase after 12 weeks, and there was no increase apparent when
      feeding was continued for 24 weeks. Apparently due to the absence of substrate,
      the intestinal sucrose activity fell to less than half after 4 weeks and to
      negligible levels after 12 and 24 weeks on carbohydrate-free diet. In vitro liver
      lipogenesis and glucose oxidation were depressed after 4 and 12 weeks in a
      similar way to the fructose diet. On both these diets the rise in liver glucose-6
      phosphatase appeared to parallel the fall in liver lipogeneis and glucose
      oxidation.

PMID- 181698
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on glucose metabolism.

PMID- 181699
TI  - Factors influencing the size, composition and metabolism of very low density
      lipoproteins in the rat.

PMID- 181700
TI  - Better salvage for the stroke victim.

PMID- 181701
TI  - Mass screening for breast disease. Results, problems, and expectations.
AB  - The first 18 months' experience of the Breast Diagnostic Center of Jefferson
      Medical College have been reviewed. Almost 14,000 patients were screened for
      breast disease, using a combination of clinical examination. Xeroradiography, and
      thermography. In this group of 14,000 women, 106 cases of cancer were discovered,
      in incidence of almost 8 per 1000 women screened. Of these 106 cases of cancer,
      45.3% were clinically occult or not recognized by clinical examination, and
      within this group at the time of mastectomy only a small percent had any evidence
      of axillary lymph node metastases. The combination of several technics of
      examination is proving to be more reliable for the early detection of breast
      cancer than any of the technics alone, and programs such as these may make a
      significant difference in the death rate from breast cancer.

PMID- 181703
TI  - Surveillance of hydatidiform mole with the Milan-Markley helix.
AB  - A case of complicated trophoblastic disease followed by quantitative
      radioimmunoassay and endometrial cytology is presented. Despite the fall of the
      postevacuation hCG titer to zero, trophoblastic elements were still detected
      cytologically with the helix technic. A second curettage performed 60 days
      postevacuation because of a rising serum hCG titer and persistent trophoblastic
      elements on the endometrial smears was histologically negative. Subsequent helix
      cytologic studies continued to reveal trophoblastic cells. Chemotherapy with
      methotrexate and hysterectomy were carried out. A solitary 7-mm lesion was found
      deep in the myometrium. Titers dropped abruptly postoperatively. Photomicrographs
      of the cytologic findings are presented.

PMID- 181702
TI  - Methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue for nonmetastatic gestational
      trophoblastic neoplasms.
AB  - Fifteen patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms were
      treated primarily with methotrexate and citrovorum factor. Complete and sustained
      remission was achieved in 14 of the 15 patients. Response to treatment was
      determined solely on the basis of serial serum human chorionic gonadotropin
      levels as measured by the beta subunit radioimmunoassay. All patients developed
      nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasms following evacuation of a molar
      pregnancy. The known histologic diagnosis in all cases was hydatidiform mole. No
      significant toxicity was encountered despite careful monitoring of marrow,
      hepatic, renal, neurologic, and mucocutaneous parameters. Up to January 31, 1976,
      duration of remission ranged from 2 to 14 months.

PMID- 181704
TI  - Noise is a prime target at OSHA.

PMID- 181705
TI  - The Review Commission: vital buffer in noise actions.

PMID- 181706
TI  - Do noise studies tackle phoney issues?

PMID- 181707
TI  - Focus on cutting noise.

PMID- 181708
TI  - Take a scientific look at the noise hazard.

PMID- 181709
TI  - Where is the point of no hearing damage?

PMID- 181711
TI  - How a management commitment works at Coors.

PMID- 181710
TI  - Needed: a balanced approach to hearing protection.

PMID- 181713
TI  - Audiometric center offers wide range of services.

PMID- 181712
TI  - Start early to engineer against noise.

PMID- 181714
TI  - Management challenge: shape public policy, adapt it to technology.

PMID- 181715
TI  - [Absorption of testosterone-7 alpha-3H by tissues of organ-targets in male rat
      embryos].
AB  - The dynamics of consumption of testosterone-7alpha-3H by different tissues of the
      differentiating reproductive system, as well as by suprarenals, brain,
      hypothalamus and muscles was studied in the in vivo experiments with the rat male
      embryos beginning from the 14th and till the 20th days of development. The
      specific consumption of the labelled androgen related to the metabolic processes
      was observed at all developmental stages under study. The selective consumption
      of testosterone-7alpha-3H was noted prior to the beginning and during the
      morphogenesis of the organs-targets' rudiments. The radioactivity in tissues
      increased already 1--2 days following the castration of 18 days old embryos.
      Estrone, testosterone, testosterone-propionate, cyproterone-acetate competitively
      decreased the consumption of testosterone-7alpha-3H. The problem of reception of
      tissues of the rat male embryos to the male sex hormone is discussed.

PMID- 181716
TI  - Current experience with infusion chemotherapy of hepatic cancer.

PMID- 181718
TI  - [Sensitivity and specificity of the passive hemagglutination reaction applied to
      titration of herpes antibodies].
AB  - 52 human sera were checked for herpes virus hominis type 1 antibodies by passive
      hemagglutination, complement fixation, neutralization tests and plaque reduction
      in presence of complement. A good correlation was observed among the results
      obtained by the passive hemagglutination test and the plaque reduction in
      presence of complement. The rapidity of the indirect hemagglutination test and
      the sensitivity of the reaction are in favour of its routine use.

PMID- 181717
TI  - [Histochemical study of the cysticercoids of cestodes of the genus Aploparaksis
      Clerc, 1903 (Hymenolepididae)].
AB  - Hystochemical methods were employed in order to study the distribution of
      succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, alcaline, acidic
      phosphatases, lipids, fatty acids, glycogen and neutral. mucopolysaccharides in
      larvae of three species of cestodes: A. birulai, A. polystictae, A. xemae. A high
      concentration of succinic dehydrogenase was recorded from the tissue of the tail,
      scolex and neck. Glycose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase was found in great quantity only
      in the external parenchyma of the neck of A. polystictae. Here accumulations were
      observed of lipids which apparently are the products of excretion. The glycogen
      localization coincides with the distribution of succinis dehydrogenase. The
      activity of phosphatases is concentration in the structures of the tail and
      external membranes of cysticercoids, the acidic phosphatase being dominant. It
      was concluded that aerobic oxidation dominates in larvae and substances are
      principally transported through the tail area and excretory aperture.

PMID- 181719
TI  - [Structural and biochemical alterations of human diabetic dermis studied by H
      lysine incorporation and microscopy].
AB  - The alteration of the structural organization of dermal connective tissue was
      studied by light and electron microscopy and by biochemical techniques in normal
      human and in diabetic patients using skin biopsies. Part of the tissue was used
      for light and electron microscopy, the rest was incubated in the presence of 3H
      lysine for four hours. The 3H-lysine labelled biopsies were submitted to a
      sequential extraction procedure in order to obtain representative macromolecular
      fractions containing the matrix macromolecules. The extracts were analyzed for
      their chemical composition and radioactivity. Electron microscopy revealed
      ultrastructural modifications of the fibroblasts, of the collagen and elastic
      fibers in the diabetic dermis. Fibroblasts contained an increased amount of
      electron dense deposits in the cytoplasm and dilated endoplasmic reticulum. The
      collagen bundles were dissociated. Elastic fibers under the epithelial basal
      laminae were fragmented or absent. The incorporation pattern of 3H-lysine into
      these macromolecular fractions was different in the normal and diabetic skin
      biopsies. The percentage of total radioactivity incorporated increased
      significantly in the 1M CaCl2 extractable fraction an in the 6M urea extractable
      fraction and decreased significantly in the collagenase and elastase extracts in
      diabetic skin biopsy. These results demonstrate the existence of morphological
      and biochemical alterations in diabetic connective tissue (dermis) reflecting
      alterations in the relative rates of synthesis and/or degradation of the
      intercellular matrix macromolecules as well as of their microarchitectural
      arrangement.

PMID- 181720
TI  - [Relation between urinary cyclic AMP, PTH and histomorphometric resorption
      parameter. A study of 44 human iliac crest bone biopsies].
AB  - Daily urinary cyclic AMP (AMPcU) has been compared to pth plasma level and to
      bone resorption parameters in 44 cases of metabolic bone disease. In 14 cases of
      primary hyperparathyroidism, AMPcU was always increased likewise in 4 cases of
      osteomalacia with secondary hyperparathyroidism. On the whole series of cases a
      significant correlation has been found (1) between PTH plasma level and AMPcU and
      (2) between bone resporption surfaces and AMPcU. Conversely, no correlation
      between PTH and periosteocytic lacunae size, nor between AMPcU and periosteocytic
      lacunae has been found.

PMID- 181721
TI  - [Significance of changes in the oxidation-reduction processes in the pathogenesis
      of visceral shock].

PMID- 181722
TI  - [Dynamics of the changes of reaction of hepatic mitochondria in congestive
      circulatory insufficiency].

PMID- 181723
TI  - [Plasma renin and angiotensinase activity in primary arterial hypertension in
      children and adolescents].

PMID- 181724
TI  - Fetal lung maturation IV: the release of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase and
      phospholipids into the human amniotic fluid.
AB  - The relationship between surface active material and phosphatidic acid
      phosphohydrolase (PAPase) activity was examined in human amniotic fluid after
      centrifugation at 105,000 X g for one hour. The distribution of PAPase activity
      between the pellet and supernatant fractions was similar to that of phospholipids
      in the amniotic fluid. The majority of the PAPase activity was found to be
      associated with the pellet fraction. Similarly, 82% of the phospholipid was also
      present in this fraction. Of the total palmitate present in the original sample,
      approximately 90% was found in the pellet after centrifugation. Palmitic acid
      constituted 75% of all fatty acids present in the phosphatidylcholine identified
      in the pellet. By sharp contrast only 4% of the total protein was pelletized by
      centrifugation. The pelletized fraction isolated from amniotic fluid after
      105,000 X g centrifugation closely resembles the lamellar bodies in: (1) its
      phospholipid pattern; (2) palmitate concentration in phosphatidylcholine; and,
      (3) the presence of PAPase activity with a high specific activity. Collectively,
      these findings lend strong support to the concept that a lamellar-like body is
      released from fetal lung into the amniotic fluid.

PMID- 181725
TI  - Vitamin D: the discovery of its metabolites and their therapeutic applications.
AB  - Our understanding of the role of vitamin D in calcium-phosphorus metabolism has
      changed considerably in the last decade. Studies performed in tissue culture,
      animal, and man have firmly established that the natural compound requires
      hydroxylation in the liver at the C-25 position and in the kidney at the C-1
      position to form the biologically active derivative 1,25-(OH)2D3. These
      hydroxylation reactions are finely regulated to maintain normal calcium
      phosphorus homeostasis: We now regard 1,25-(OH)2D3 as a hormone which is released
      by the kidney during periods of hypocalcemia. This hormone acts on the intestinal
      mucosa to facilitate calcium absorption and on bone to increase calcium
      mobilization. Its function in other tissues is still being evaluated. The active
      metabolites of vitamin D and several closely related analogs have been
      synthesized. It has been clearly demonstrated that 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 1alpha-OH-D3
      promote healing in uremic bone disease. Administration of small amounts of these
      compounds has corrected the biochemical disturbances in vitamin D-dependency and
      hypoparathyroidism. Limited clinical experience with 25-OH-D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 in
      children with familial hypophosphatemia has failed to show convincing evidence of
      a therapeutic effect. Further clinical studies are needed to fully evaluate the
      therapeutic potential of this new family of compounds.

PMID- 181726
TI  - Long-term management of a case of carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency using
      ketanalogues and hydroxyanalogues of essential amino acids.
AB  - A 13-year-old girl with congenital deficiency of carbamyl phosphate synthetase
      has been treated intermittently for one year with a restricted protein diet
      supplemented by various mixtures of the alpha-ketoanalogues of valine, leucine,
      isoleucine, and phenylalanine, the D,L-alpha-hydroxyanalogue of methionine, and
      five amino acids (lysine, arginine, histidine, threonine and tryptophan).
      Numerous adjustments in the composition of this mixture were made. Eventually
      normal levels of plasma ammonia and most amino acids were achieved, with three
      exceptions: slightly increased glutamine, pronounced alloisoleucinemia, and
      persistently low phenylalanine. Alloisoleucine was shown not to be incorporated
      into plasma protein and not to be excreted in the urine; hence this abnormality
      was viewed as being clinically insiginificant. Hypophenylalaninemia was
      unexplained, and failed to respond to increased phenylpyruvate dosage or
      phenylalanine itself; renal clearance of phenylalanine was high but could not
      account for the low plasma level. Compared to the pretreatment period her
      clinical status has improved markedly. Physical and mental development has
      continued at the same rate. Temporary withdrawal of the supplements led to prompt
      increases in plasma ammonia, glutamine, and alanine. We conclude that this
      therapy provides safe and effective long-term management for this patient's
      disorder and may be useful in other cases of congenital hyperammonemia.

PMID- 181728
TI  - [Low and very low density lipoproteins. Turbidimetric estimation and clinical
      applications].

PMID- 181727
TI  - [State of the renal-pressor units of arterial pressure regulation in primary
      arterial hypertension in children and adolescents].

PMID- 181729
TI  - [Peripheral nerve involvement in a 47,XYY psychotic patient. Positive
      lymphoblastic transformation test with myelin and levopromazine].

PMID- 181730
TI  - The mechanism of DNA strand breakage by vitamin C and superoxide and the
      protective roles of catalase and superoxide dismutase.
AB  - Vitamin C breaks DNA only in the presence of oxygen. Superoxide dismutase has no
      effect on the reaction but catalase suppresses it. Superoxide also gives rise to
      breaks in DNA suppressible by both superoxide dismutase and catalase. The
      hydroxyl radical seems to be the agent responsible for strand cleavage itself.

PMID- 181731
TI  - Isolation and characterization of poly(A)-containing intranuclear polyoma
      specific "giant" RNA'S.
AB  - Heterogeneous polyoma giant RNA molecules have been isolated by oligo(dT)-
      cellulose chromatography during the late phase of a lytic cycle of infection of
      mouse kidney cell cultures. These RNAs have sedimentation coefficients in
      denaturing Me2SO gradients that are greater than 26S and thus apparently
      correspond to RNA molecules larger than one strand of polyoma DNA. Approximately
      15% of total nuclear polyoma late giant RNAs  contained tracts of poly(A) and
      were retained by oligo(dT)-cellulose. The polyoma late giant RNAs as well as
      heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (HnRNAs) were found to have a slightly lower
      sedimentation rate in Me2SO-chloral hydrate density gradients than sedimentation
      values in sucrose gradients indicated. Even when synthesis of viral DNA and the
      production of capsid protein are blocked by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdU), 10% of
      polyoma-specific RNA (as determined by sedimentation analyses under aqueous
      conditions) was shown to contain tracts of poly(A). In contrast to our findings
      on polyoma late giant RNA, nuclear polyoma RNA synthesized in the presence of FdU
      sedimented in denaturing Me2SO-chloral hydrate gradients considerably slower
      (from 15 to 30S) in relation to HnRNA and ribosomal precursor RNA. The
      sedimentation pattern in denaturing Me2SO gradients suggest that Py RNA
      synthesized late in lytic infection in the presence of FdU may be no longer than
      one transcript of Py DNA.

PMID- 181733
TI  - [Role of lymphocyte subpopulations in proliferative diseases of the lymphoid
      system].

PMID- 181732
TI  - Endocrine alterations in acute alcohol withdrawal III Acute secretion of
      catecholamines, ACTH, TSH and HGH.

PMID- 181734
TI  - [Aortic glomus chemodectoma].

PMID- 181735
TI  - [Encephalitis in the course of varicella in children].

PMID- 181736
TI  - [Atherosclerosis and hypertriglyceremia in chronic renal failure].

PMID- 181737
TI  - Search for potential amoebicides. Part V. N-substituted 2-nitro-4,5
      dimethoxybenzamides and anils of 2-amino-3-methoxy and 2-amino-4,5
      dimethoxybenzoic acids.
AB  - The authors in all have synthesised 28 new N-substituted 2-nitro, 4,5-dimethoxy
      benzamides, and anils of 2-amino-3-methoxy and 2-amino-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acids
      with a view to obtain potent amoebicides. Their work is based on the observation
      that a large number of dimethoxyphenyl substituted derivatives occupy an
      important place as antiamobic agents. Fourteen belonging to different series
      subjected to in vitro screening for amoebicidal activity against E. histolytica
      failed to show any significant activity.

PMID- 181738
TI  - [Some histochemical reactions in kidneys in experimental chest injuries].

PMID- 181739
TI  - Studies on the relationship between intestinal flora and cecal coccidiosis in
      chicken.
AB  - The bacteriological and histopathological changes in the ceca of young chickens
      after being infected with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella were
      investigated. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria showed remarkable decrease in
      number on the 5th day after infection, when shizont and gametocyate came to
      appear, and destruction of mucosa along with severe haemorrhaging was noticed.
      Other predominant bacteria like bacteroidaceae, catenabacteria and
      peptostreptococci showed only moderate and temporal decrease in number during the
      infection. Clostridium perfringens prolifereated after the 5th day post infection
      following the decline of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Proliferation of
      clostridia was so intense that the number was almost million times greater than
      that of the uninfected chicken at its peak on the 7th day after infection.
      Enterobacteria also showed a moderate but persistent increase in number. Most
      bacteria came to the normal population on the 10th day after infection. As for
      lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, clostridia and enterobacteria, the disturbances
      were still noticeable on the 17th day after injection. Antagonism between
      proliferated bacteria (clostridia and enterobacteria) and lactic acid bacteria
      (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) whose intensity is suppose to be related to the
      cecal mucosa is suggested during cecal coccidiosis in chickens.

PMID- 181740
TI  - Variant infectious bronchitis virus isolated from Indiana chickens.
AB  - Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) associated with a catarrhal tracheitis, sudden
      decline in egg production, and reduced shell quality was isolated from an Indiana
      White Leghorn breeder flock. It was found to be serologically different from
      Massachusetts, Connecticut, Iowa 97, Iowa 609, Florida, Arkansas 99, JMK, Holte,
      Gray and SE 17 IBV serotypes. Two different Massachusetts vaccine strains
      protected chickens from respiratory signs but not against virus infection using
      the isolant for challenge in laboratory trials. The isolant was passed through a
      0.22 mu. filter. It was heat (56 C), acid pH (3.0), ether and chloroform labile.
      In embryos it produced deaths or lesions of infectious bronchitis in one to five
      days after inoculation. It is suggested that this IBV isolant be designated
      Indiana-type.

PMID- 181742
TI  - The nature of the phosphorus linkage in component I, a phosphoprotein isolated
      from the blood serum of DES-treated cockerels.
AB  - The  nature of the phosphorus linkage in electrophoretic component I of the blood
      serum of DES-treated cockerels was investigated by enzymatic and partial acid and
      alkali dephosphorylation. The C-P bond was excluded because this bond is stable
      to 6 N HCl at 110 degrees C. for 20 hours, and all  the phosphorus was released
      under these conditions. No phosphorus was released when diesterase,
      pyrophosphatase and 0.25 N HCl were employed, and this excludes the diester,
      pyrophosphate and N-P bonds. The presence of the O-P bond was supported by the
      release of phosphate by the phosphatases and 0.25 N NaOH. The hydrolysate
      produced upon hydrolysis with pronase and papain contained phosphoserine. No
      phosphothreonine was present.

PMID- 181741
TI  - Reduced symptoms of anaphylaxis in chickens by ACTH or heat.
AB  - Exogenous ACTH, when administered intramuscularly in four equal doses of 2
      I.U./100 gm. of body weight at 24, 23, 22, and 21 hours prior to challenge with
      BSA, reduced the severity of anaphylaxis in BSA sensitized juvenile chickens.
      Additionally, a single heat exposure (45 degrees C.) of 30 minutes at 24 hours
      prior to challenge consistently reduced the severity of anaphylaxis. Single
      heating exposures at 24 hours prior to sensitization or at 48 hours prior to
      challenge did not influence the anaphylactic response. In one of two experiments
      single heat exposures at one hour prior to challenge reduced the severity of
      anaphylaxis. The levels of anti-BSA antibody which existed immediately prior to
      challenge were not affected by the heat treatments. These data demonstrate
      clearly that exogenous ACTH and a single, non-lethal heating episode, when
      applied 24 hours prior to the induction of anaphylaxis, reduced the severity of
      the symptoms associated with this particular hypersensitive reaction in the
      domestic chicken.

PMID- 181743
TI  - Management of the menopause.

PMID- 181744
TI  - Common problems of malabsorption.

PMID- 181745
TI  - Centrifugation of liver microsomes on metrizamide density gradients.

PMID- 181746
TI  - Isolation and partial charcterization of a cytochrome b complex and cytochrome
      oxidase from yeast mitochondria.
AB  - A cytochrome b complex and cytochrome oxidase have been purified 14- and 20-fold
      respectively from yeast submitochondrial particles by a simple procedure
      involving their spontaneous precipitation from a deoxycholate extract. The
      recovery of both proteins was almost quantitative. The specific heme contents
      were 11 and 8 nmoles/mg protein for the cytochrome b complex and cytochrome
      oxidase respectively and both were spectrally pure. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis resolved the cytochrome b complex into seven distinct subunits
      with molecular weights 42,000, 33,000, 27,500, 23,000, 15,500, 13,000 and 10,500.
      Cytochrome oxidase contained five bands with molecular weights 42,000, 26,500,
      21,000, 14,000 and 10,500.

PMID- 181747
TI  - A model for cytochrome oxidase.
AB  - A model is proposed for the active center of cytochrome c oxidase
      (ferrocytochrome c:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) in which cytochrome a is a
      low-spin ferrihemoprotein and cytochrome a3 is a high-spin ferrihemoprotein
      antiferromagnetically coupled to one of the two Cu2+ ions present in the enzyme.
      It is further proposed that reduction is accompanied by a conformational change
      in the enzyme thus exposing the sixth coordination site of cytochrome a3 to
      ligands. With this model it is possible to account for a variety of outstanding
      observations including the results of magnetic circular dichroism, Mossbauer, and
      electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, as well as magnetic
      susceptibility measurements.

PMID- 181748
TI  - Effect of Fv-1 gene product on proviral DNA formation and integration in cells
      infected with murine leukemia viruses.
AB  - The amounts of unintegrated murine leukemia virus-specific DNA detected by
      molecular hybridization in extracts of Fv-ln/n (strains NIH/3T3, SIM) or Fv-lb/b
      (strains JLS-V9, SIM.R) mouse cells after infection with N- or B-tropic viruses
      were found to be the same in both permissive and resistant cells. Therefore,
      formation of DNA products from the viral RNA template does not appear to be
      grossly affected by the Fv-l gene product. Integration of virus-specific DNA into
      chromosomal cellular DNA was assayed by hybridization of radioactive
      complementary DNA to DNA from infected cells. With either NIH/3T3 or SIM.R cells
      infected with N- or B-tropic viruses, integration of proviral DNA could be
      detected in permissive cells but not in nonpermissive cells. The Fv-l gene
      product therefore appears to prevent integration of proviral DNA.

PMID- 181749
TI  - Monomer molecular weight of T antigen from simian virus 40-infected and
      transformed cells.
AB  - T-antigens from simian virus 40 (SV 40)-transformed and lytically infected cells
      have been isolated by immunoprecipitation and their molecular weights estimated
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. T-antigen from SV40
      transformed mouse and hamster cells has an apparent molecular weight of 94,000
      whereas that from several lines of SV40-infected monkey cells is 84,000. In a
      wheat germ cell-free system, mRNA from either transformed or productively
      infected cells is translated into a 94,000 species. Experiments with the protease
      inhibitors L-l-(tosylamide-2-phenyl)ethylchloromethyl ketone HCl and N-alpha-p
      tosyl-L-lysylchloromethyl ketone HCl suggest that the 84,000 species of T-antigen
      found in infected cells is derived from the larger species by proteolytic
      cleavage. Further, the cleavage pathway probably involves a two-step reaction
      with an 89,000 intermediate. The biological significance of the two molecular
      weight forms of T-antigen is unknown, but the possibility that they have
      different physiological activities is discussed.

PMID- 181750
TI  - Independent regulation of endogenous and exogenous avian RNA tumor virus genes.
AB  - 3H-Labeled complementary DNA specific for the envelope glycoprotein (env) gene of
      avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses was isolated by selective nucleic acid
      hybridization techniques, and used to analyze the expression of the endogenous
      provirus. The endogenous provirus in certain cell types termed chicken helper
      factor positive (chf+) can synthesize the envelope glycoprotein. Env DNA
      sequences were present in both chf+ and chf- cells, but env RNA was detectable
      only in positive cell types. When these cells were infected with the Bryan strain
      of Rous sarcoma virus (BH-RSV), a defective virus which is deleted in the env
      gene, the levels of endogenous env RNA remained unchanged, although exogenous BH
      RSV specific RNA was synthesized in very high amounts. Thus, the infecting virus
      did not appear to influence the expression of the endogenous virus. Likewise, the
      endogenous virus did not influence the exogenous virus expression, since similar
      amounts of BH-RSV specific RNA were present in all infected cell types,
      regardless of the level of endogenous virus expression.

PMID- 181751
TI  - Localization of low density lipoprotein receptors on plasma membrane of normal
      human fibroblasts and their absence in cells from a familial hypercholesterolemia
      homozygote.
AB  - Monolayers of normal human fibroblasts were observed to bind ferritin-labeled low
      density lipoprotein (LDL-ferritin) at specific receptor sites on the cell surface
      membrane. When fibroblasts were incubated with LDL-ferritin at 4 degrees, more
      than 70% of the surface-bound ferritin cores were localized by electron
      microscopy to short segments of the plasma membrane where the membrane appeared
      indented and coated on both of its sides by a fuzzy material. These membrane
      segments corresponded to "coated regions" previously described in other cell
      types. Unver the conditions of these experiments, an average of 55 LDL-ferritin
      particles were bound to each millimeter of plasma membrane in normal cells. In
      the presence of a 15-fold excess of native LDL, the number of bound ferritin
      cores was reduced by 75%, suggesting that the LDL-ferritin was binding to
      specific LDL receptor sites. Although fibroblasts from a patient with the
      homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia contained the same number of
      indented, coated membrane regions per millimeter of cell surface as did normal
      cells, no LDL-ferritin was observed to bind to the cell membrane in these mutant
      cells. The present ultrastructural data are consistent with previous biochemical
      and genetic evidence indicating that LDL exerts its regulatory action on cellular
      cholesterol metabolism in fibroblasts through an interaction with a specific cell
      surface receptor and that this receptor is defective in homozygous familial
      hypercholesterolemia fibroblasts. Moreover, the data suggest that the LDL
      receptor is localized to indented, coated regions of the plasma membrane that
      appear to participate in the adsorptive endocytosis of proteins.

PMID- 181752
TI  - Increase of AKR-specific sequences in tumor tissues of leukemic AKR mice.
AB  - AKR mice produce, from shortly after birth, high titers of their endogenous Gross
      type murine leukemia virus, and develop a thymus-derived leukemia at 7-9 months
      of age. We show that this oncogenesis is accompanied by an increase in the number
      of AKR-specific DNA sequences in the tumor tissues, whereas the "non-target"
      organs are not affected. Sequence increase was determined by kinetic analysis of
      DNA reassociation using an AKR-murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-specific cDNA and
      also by hybridization with excess AKR cDNA. The AKR cDNA was selected to
      recognize AKR sequences without significant crossreaction with DNA sequences of
      other endogenous viruses. The results show that during the development of the
      leukemia, the number of AKR-MuLV-specific genes increases in tumor tissues by a
      factor of 1 1/2 to 2.

PMID- 181753
TI  - Natural antibodies in sera from healthy humans to antigens on surfaces of type C
      RNA viruses and cells from primates.
AB  - Sera from healthy humans contained naturally occurring antibody against group- or
      subgroup-specific antigen on the envelope of the following type C viruses
      isolated from primates: gibbon ape leukemia virus, simian (woolly monkey) sarcoma
      virus, baboon endogenous type C virus, and putative human type C viruses [HL23V
      isolated from blood cells of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (HL23) and
      HEL-12V from human embryonic diploid cells (CIH-32)]. Two sera also reacted with
      C57BL/6 mouse leukemia induced by Friend virus. These results were obtained by
      indirect immunoelectron microscopy with various virus-producing cells and by
      absorption tests using as targets gibbon lymphosarcoma cells that release gibbon
      ape leukemia virus. In a previous report, the presence of natural antibody in
      sera from healthy gibbon apes was demonstrated. When the specificities of the
      human and gibbon natural antibodies were compared, the human natural antibody
      reacted with two nonproducing culture cell lines of human lymphocytic leukemia
      (CEM-A and MOLT) and with human embryonic diploid (CIH-1(V-) cells [which became
      type C virus-producing CIH-32(V+) cells after many passages], but did not react
      with normal gibbon spleen monolayer cells. In contrast, gibbon natural antibody
      showed no reaction with CEM-A, MOLT, and CIH-1(V-) cells but reacted with gibbon
      spleen monolayer cells. Neither human nor gibbon natural antibody  that was
      reactive with gibbon ape leukemia virus crossreacted with feline leukemia virus
      and mouse wild-type AKR leukemia virus. The gibbon lymphosarcoma cells releasing
      gibbon ape leukemia virus were used in a screening study of sera from healthy 
      humans. Out of 72 sera screened by indirect immunoelectron microscopy using this
      system, 55 were positive (76%), i.e., 26 out of 35 males (74%) and 29 out of 37
      females (78%). The highest incidence of antibody production was in 1- to 10-year
      olds and 31- to 40-year-olds, with the adults exhibiting higher levels.
      Differences in incidence of natural antibody were not found to be sex-linked.
      These findings suggest that type C RNA viruses related to the gibbon ape leukemia
      virus and simian (woolly monkey) sarcoma virus family as well as the baboon
      endogenous type C virus family may be widespread in humans.

PMID- 181754
TI  - Preparation and utilization of isolated hepatocytes for the study of the sheep
      liver metabolism.

PMID- 181756
TI  - Restricted replication of herpes simplex virus in neural cells.

PMID- 181755
TI  - Regulation of food intake.

PMID- 181757
TI  - Iodination of liver plasma membranes using lactoperoxidase: effects on adenylate
      cyclase activity.

PMID- 181758
TI  - Common antigens of Herpex simplex virus 2, associated hamster tumors, and human
      cervical cancer.

PMID- 181759
TI  - Age-related alteration in human heart collagen.

PMID- 181760
TI  - Antiviral activity of an extract of Brucella abortus: induction of interferon and
      immunopotentiation of host resistance.

PMID- 181761
TI  - Vitamin A prevention of triamcinolone acetonide effects on granuloma growth: lack
      of effect on prolyl hydroxylase.

PMID- 181763
TI  - Effect of zinc ions on synthesis of herpes simplex virus type 2-induced
      polypeptides.

PMID- 181762
TI  - Distribution of guinea pig herpeslike virus in brain and other tissues of
      naturally and experimentally infected animals.

PMID- 181764
TI  - On the intracellular localization of the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      isomerase in the rat adrenal cortex.

PMID- 181765
TI  - Lung cyclic AMP: selective decrease with hypoxia.

PMID- 181766
TI  - In vivo fate of a behaviorally active ACTH 4-9 analog in rats after systemic
      administration.
AB  - In vivo fate of a threefold substituted ACTH 4-9 analog with a markedly
      potentiated behavioral activity, 4-Met(O2), 8-D-Lys, 9-Phe-ACTH 4-9, was
      investigated. The radioactive labeled [7-3H-Phe] ACTH 4-9 analog was administered
      IV, SC and orally in a dose of approximately 40 mug. Plasma concentrations of
      total radioactivity and intact peptide were determined at various periods after
      administration in urethane anesthetized rats. Oral administration was also
      performed with conscious animals. Maximal plasma concentrations were found 8 min
      after SC injection. After oral administration in anesthetized rats maximal plasma
      levels were reached 8 hr after administration; in conscious animals this took 4
      hr. The initial volume of distribution was 5.9% of body weight and the initial
      half-life (t1/2) for intact peptide 4 min. Shortly after IV and SC administration
      relatively high and stable plasma levels of intact peptide were obtained,
      reflecting metabolic stability. This stability was also apparent from the
      metabolite patterns, which were determined in trichloroacetic acid extracts of
      plasma and brain by paperchromatography and paperelectrophoresis. The plasma
      profiles indicated increased stability of the labile 8Lys-9Phe bond by the
      introduction of an 8D-Lys residue in the peptide analog. Enzymatic attack of the
      analog took place predominantly at 6His-7Phe and 7Phe-8D-Lys. Formation of
      tritiated water occcurred in brain and the gastro-intestinal tract and was
      considerable; proteolysis in these compartments was higher than in plasma. High
      uptake of radioactivity was found in the kidney, but urinary excretion was low
      during the first 30 min. Uptake in brain was low and paralleled uptake in
      cerebrospinal fluid. Intact peptide concentrations/g fresh tissue were in the
      order of 10(-5)-10(-4) times the administered dose for all three routes.

PMID- 181767
TI  - Triplet states and photosynthesis.

PMID- 181768
TI  - Comparative study of the gamma-radiation-induced changes in the tissular levels
      of acyclic and cyclic adenosine phosphates.
AB  - Periodical measurement of total adenosine phosphates and cAMP in liver,
      intestinal mucosa and brain carried out in rats after irradiation with either 500
      rads or 750 rads generally revealed high intratissular levels of these compounds,
      suggesting both a stimulated cellular synthesis and an abnormal redistribution in
      different tissues. The most interesting findings were those regarding the brain
      considering their close relationships with the clinical evolution of the animals
      and other previously described biochemical observations.

PMID- 181769
TI  - Passive avoidance and amygdala lesions: relationship with pituitary-adrenal
      system.

PMID- 181770
TI  - The radiology of lung cancer.
AB  - Double reading of radiographs increases the likelihood of detecting pulmonary
      disease and, accordingly, physicians have an obligation to view the radiographic
      examinations performed on their patients, either with the radiologist or
      independently. It is also essential that the radiologist be proved with the
      clinical findings before he interprets the radiographs, a practice which will
      result in significant improvement in the accuracy of radiologic  reports.

PMID- 181771
TI  - [Mechanism of action and kinetics of lithium. I. Biochemical and experimental
      pharmacological findings after administration of lithium-conclusions on the
      mechanism of the therapeutic effect of lithium].
AB  - A comprehensive consideration of biochemical and pharmacodynamic lithium (Li)
      effects enabled an explanation of the Li mechanism (Fig 1). According to this
      concept, Li might possibly affect the activity of membrane-bound ATPases in
      dependence on the initial situation, dose and duration of application. Research
      into Li-kinetics suggested the participation of active process in the transport
      of the ion through the organism. Li-kinetics describes distribution within a
      multiple-compartment system and, with the exception of the resorption phase, its
      independent of the anion used. The elimination (half-life time 22 to 25 hrs) is
      limited by backward flow form the tissue.

PMID- 181772
TI  - [Plasma ACTH, STH and other hormone levels in various groups under
      chlormethiazole, haloperidol or reserpine load in alchohol delirium, alcoholic
      hallucinations, and chronic alcoholism].
AB  - Studies of 135 men with safely diagnosed alcohol delirium mostly revealed
      increased ACTH blood values when sober and increased T4 values in about 1/3 of
      these patients. There is a correlation between the psychiatric clinical picture
      of the alcohol delirium and the ACTH content of the plasma. Under load with
      chloromethiazole, halperidole or with reserpine, there is a significant drop in
      the increased ACTH and T4 values. In an acute alcoholic hallucinosis (n=16)
      similar endocrinological changes as in most cases of safely diagnosed alcohol
      delirium were observed. In a chronic alcoholic hallucinosis (n=11) and in chronic
      alcoholics (n=31) the endocrinological values were similar to those of patients
      after alcohol delirium.

PMID- 181773
TI  - [Biochemistry of depression].
AB  - 1. In patients with endogenous depression a functional deficiency of noradrenalin
      and serotonin is presupposed. This hypothesis is based on examinations of the
      metabolites of these transmitter substances in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the
      urine. 2. Attempts to compensate the deficiency by means of precursors of the
      transmitter show a great variety of therapeutic effects. Possible metabolic
      regulations are discussed. 3. Changes of hormone metabolism are involved in the
      disease, these are discussed. 4. At present valid statements on the causes of a
      biochemical defect in depressive illness are not possible.

PMID- 181775
TI  - Antinociceptive action of quipazine: relation to central serotonergic receptor
      stimulation.
AB  - Quipazine, a serotonin receptor stimulant, inhibited the response of rats to
      painful stimuli in two methods currently used to measure antinociception in these
      animals: the hot plate and tail compression test. The antinocicptive action was
      observed with doses ranging from 5 to 20 mg/kg i.p according to the test
      situation. The effect was significantly antagonized by a pretreatment with
      methergoline, a potent serotonin antagonist. An electrolytic lesion placed in the
      nucleus raphe medianus, which produced a marked decrease of serotonin in the
      forebrain did not, or only slightly, affected the effect of quipazine, depending
      on the method used to measure antinociception. It is suggested that quipazine can
      produce antinociceptive action in rats by interacting with a serotonergic
      mechanism. The action appears to be due mainly to a direct action on postsynaptic
      serotonin receptors, although a presynaptic component can also contribute to the
      effect of quipazine.

PMID- 181774
TI  - [Brain activity during sleep].

PMID- 181776
TI  - Cardiac waveform alterations during sleep in the infant.

PMID- 181777
TI  - The economic impact of viral hepatitis in the United States.

PMID- 181778
TI  - Letter: ESR studies of gamma-irradiated wet DNA.

PMID- 181779
TI  - Letter: Recovery of colony-forming ability of x-irradiated L cells by cell
      fusion.

PMID- 181781
TI  - Evaluation of ultrasonic and scintigraphic studies of the liver.
AB  - Ultrasonic and scintigraphic examination of the liver took place in 148 patients.
      29 had normal livers, 36 had cirrhosis, 11 had obstructive jaundice, 12 had fatty
      livers, 60 had focal liver defects. In case of diffuse liver disease the accuracy
      of both methods is about the same except for fatty liver which is poorly
      diagnosed by scintigraphy. Focal liver disease is determined with a relative high
      percentage false-negative for scintigraphy and a relative high percentage false
      positive for echography. It is recognized that previous knowledge of the
      scintigraphic result may raise the accuracy of ultrasound examination of the
      liver. As echography could distinguish cystic from solid lesions both methods of
      liver imaging are considered complementary.

PMID- 181782
TI  - Kinetics and imaging characteristics of 99mTC-labled complexes used for bone
      imaging.
AB  - Activity levels of 99TC-labeled compounds, 18F, and 85Sr were obtained at 1, 3,
      and 5 hr. postinjection in normal and healing fractured bone and in soft-tissue
      rat specimens. Serial diagnostic bone images and blood and urine kinetics were
      obtained in patients with each of the TC-labeled compounds. Computer-processed
      images were used to evaluate in vivo kinetics. 99mTC pyrophosphate provides the
      best overall characteristics for bone imaging. Improved quality and bioassay
      procedures are required, however, before any one agent can be designated the
      radiopharmaceutical of choice for diagnostic bone imaging.

PMID- 181780
TI  - An unusual upper abdominal gas pattern.
AB  - The case history of one patient is discussed to illustrate radiographic features,
      etiology and prognosis of gas bubbles in the gastric wall.

PMID- 181783
TI  - Imaging of tumors involving bone with 13N-glutamic acid.
AB  - Nitrogen-13 labeled L-glutamic acid was evaluated as an imaging agent for tumors
      involving bone. The enzymatically prepared labeled compound was administered
      intravenously to dogs with spontaneous tumors, and tumor uptake was determined
      with a gamma camera and rectilinear scanner. These tumors were well visualized
      with 13N-glutamic acid, and the results compared favorably with uptake studies
      performed on the same animals with 99mTc-diphosphonate.

PMID- 181784
TI  - Effect of pentagastrin, histalog, glucagon, secretin, and perchlorate on the
      gastric handling of 99mTc pertechnetate in mice.
AB  - Pentagastrin, histalog, glucagon, secretin, and perchlorate were intravenously
      injected into mice in order to investigate the hormonal regulation of 99mTc
      pertechnetate uptake by gastric mucosa. Pentagastrin significantly increased
      uptake; the effect of histalog was weaker. Secretin did not alter the uptake.
      Glucagon produced some diminution, and perchlorate significantly inhibited
      gastric uptake. Hormones may play a role in improving the sensitivity and
      specificity of diagnostic tests for Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 181785
TI  - Elective whole lung irradiation.
AB  - Whole lung irradiation has been effective in 10 of 17 patients irradiated solely
      electively (no demonstrable metastatic nodules) who are alive and well 2 to 5
      years. Of an additional 17 patients with only one or two demonstrable pulmonary
      metastases (treated with resection or boost therapy plus whole lung irradiation),
      6 are alive and well 5 to 8 years. Only one patient developed clinically
      significant postirradiation pneumonitis and this case proved to be fatal.
      Elective whole lung irradiation, especially in conjunction with modern adjuvant
      chemotherapy, shows promise in improving the survival of patients with tumors
      having a high propensity for metastasizing to the lungs.

PMID- 181786
TI  - Culture of vascular endothelium.

PMID- 181787
TI  - NMR spectroscopy in biological sciences.

PMID- 181788
TI  - Electron spin resonance in medicinal chemistry.

PMID- 181789
TI  - Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobial drugs.

PMID- 181791
TI  - Evidence for a role of prostaglandins in atropine-resistant transmission in the
      mammalian urinary bladder.

PMID- 181790
TI  - Metabolism and effect of prostaglandin H2 in adipose tissue.
AB  - Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) inhibited noradrenaline induced cyclic AMP accumulation
      in isolated rat fat cells in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 was 10-25 ng/ml both
      in the absence and in the presence of theophylline. The degree of inhibition
      produced by PGH2 increased with time of incubation. A stable PGH2 analog did not
      inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation. PGH2 was rapidly converted by isolated fat cells
      to PGD2, PGE2 and PGF2alpha' but no formation of thromboxane B2 was found either
      in vitro or in vivo. PGE2 was a more potent inhibitor than PGH2 of noradrenaline
      induced cyclic AMP accumulation. PGD2 enhanced cyclic AMP accumulation in a
      limited concentration interval, while PGF2alpha was essentially uneffective. Our
      results suggest that PGH2 is an inhibitor of cyclic AMP formation in isolated rat
      fat cells only after conversion to PGE2. A physiological role for PGH2 as a
      modulator of lipolysis is considered unlikely.

PMID- 181792
TI  - Ultrastuctural study on the relations among nerve elements and ependymal cells of
      the "Bradypus tridactylus".
AB  - On hand of the electonmicroscope, the authors study 24 parts of the encephalic
      ventricles in samples of Bradypus tridactylus, relating the nervous structures to
      the ependymal lining, chiefly emphasizing the presence of intraventricular
      unmyelinated fibres. In various of these regions, typical nerve fibres and other
      intraventricular cell projections, that cannot be taken as nerve structures,
      because of the continuity they show along with ependymal cells, were observed.
      Finally they make an analysis of some functions related to arrangements of this
      nature.

PMID- 181793
TI  - [Suprarenal hyperfunction secondary to a broncho-pulmonary carcinoma.
      Physiopathological aspects of ectopic ACTH secretion].

PMID- 181794
TI  - [Evaluation of the action of ointment in 393-S-12 chronic cutaneous ulcers].

PMID- 181795
TI  - [Trial of an enzymatic preparation in the treatment of various ulcerative
      processes].

PMID- 181797
TI  - [Comparative serological study of the principal strains of the foot and mouth
      disease virus isolated in Ethiopia 1969-1974].

PMID- 181796
TI  - [Metastatic localization in hepatoma].

PMID- 181798
TI  - [Epidemiological study of mucosal disease: absence of the disease in Madagascar].

PMID- 181799
TI  - [Population of cattle of the Baoule breed in the Ivory Coast].

PMID- 181800
TI  - [Paradoxical phase of sleep in  man: electrodermographic activity].

PMID- 181801
TI  - [Paradoxical phase of sleep and intracranial pressure in the course of stabilized
      hydrocephalus].

PMID- 181802
TI  - [Hypotheses and preliminary results concerning the relation between occipital
      spikes and sleep in the child with visual deficit].

PMID- 181803
TI  - [11 cases of necrotizing encephalitis, 8 of which being most probably of herpetic
      origin. An EEG study].

PMID- 181805
TI  - Isolation of a cytopathic calf rotavirus.
AB  - The isolation and serial passage in secondary and continuous cultures of calf
      kidney cells of a cytopathic calf rotavirus is described.

PMID- 181804
TI  - In vitro cytochrome b5 binding to microsomal membranes: functional and non
      functional levels.
AB  - A comparison of the apparent level of cytochrome binding b5 to liver and kidney
      microsomes was undertaken comparing values obtained by dithionite vs. NADH
      reduction. Significant differences both in the extent and specificity of binding
      to microsomes from liver and kidney were found. These results suggest careful
      consideration of the apparent binding site availability based on means of
      reduction is in order.

PMID- 181806
TI  - Detection of immune complexes in the serum of dogs infected with canine
      adenovirus.
AB  - Evidence for the presence of circulating virus-immune complexes in dogs
      experimentally infected with canine adenovirus was found when deposits of canine
      IgG were present in the glomeruli of recipient mice. This passive transfer of
      complexes occurred only with serum taken at the height of the disease when
      antibody titres were low and when deposition of complexes in the donor dogs was
      maximal. Transfer of complexes was not obtained early in the disease (no
      circulating antibody and minimal deposition of complexes) nor later in the
      disease (high circulating antibody and minimal complex deposition).

PMID- 181808
TI  - [Chemodectomas of the vagus nerve. Pathogenic hypothesis based on a review of 100
      cases].
AB  - In connection with a personal case, 100 chemodectomas of the vagus described in
      the literature have been collected: revealing themselves in 75p. 100 of the cases
      in the form of cervical and pharyngeal tumours, 50p. 100 of the tumours of the
      vagal glomus involve some neurological manifestations mainly in the form of
      lesion of the lower cranial nerves. These appear to be either affected in
      isolation (41 p. 100) or in a dissociated manner (59 p. 100). Intra-cranial
      extension is rare (7 p. 100 of the cases) and delayed. Carotid angiography is
      characteristic. 76 p 100 are intra-vagal, 24 p. 100 are para-vagal and 60 p. 100
      are located in the plexiform ganglion. Multifocal forms which account for 17 p.
      100 of the cases are more usually, but not exclusively, familial. Surgical
      treatment is followed by sequelae or complications in more than half the cases.
      Close attention has been paid to pathogenetic theories: chemodectomas of the
      vagus may develop from type I chemoreceptor cells of the carotid glomera or from
      distinct cells with different properties (S.I.F. cells). They may equally well
      develop from nonchromaffin paraganglionic cells which have not migrated in the
      normal manner. The finding of such cells in the nerves of new-born babies and
      adults supports this theory, at least for some chemodectomas of the vagus.

PMID- 181807
TI  - [Serum lipoproteins as a risk factor in cerebral arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 181809
TI  - [Ultrastructural aspects of peripheral nerve lesions in one case of Farber's
      disease].
AB  - The patient is a girl who had amyotrophia, dyspnea and juxta-articular nodes. She
      died at the age of 14 months. Ultrastructural examination of a sural nerve biopsy
      revealed anormal inclusions in the cytoplasm of numerous myelinated fibres. They
      are round or oval, and empty, sometimes with a great diameter. Some histiocytes
      show also such bodies. These are different from those seen in the other
      neurolipidosis.

PMID- 181810
TI  - The significance of phosphofructokinase to the regulation of carbohydrate
      metabolism.

PMID- 181811
TI  - The regulation of insulin secretion.

PMID- 181812
TI  - [Current status of sarcoidosis].

PMID- 181813
TI  - [The risk of tuberculosis in students of professional schools].
AB  - In four technical schools in a Burcharest district, the first grade scholars were
      tested at the beginning of the term with 2 units PPD; those with a reaction of 0-
      9 mm received BCG vaccine. After 6 months, in the 3rd term, they were controlled
      by MMR examination which was repeated in the second year. The incidence of
      tuberculosis detected by X-ray and clinically was of 298.8 per 100 000 in the
      frist year and 283.6 per 100000 in the second year. In all disease cases but one
      the intradermoreation and greater than or equal to 15 mm which may thus be
      considered the risk group (a risk of 9.5 per thousand); there were no cases among
      the children revaccinated with BCG. In conclusion it is recommended to apply in
      adolescent communities tuberculin testing and BCG revaccination of the non
      infected children 0--9 mm) in their first term and periodical X-ray control of
      the risk group, i.e. those with a reaction of 15 mm or more.

PMID- 181814
TI  - [Experience in the field of microbial allergic asthma].
AB  - The present paper reports on the effect of prolonged microbial hyposensitization
      applied in 206 cases of microbial allergic asthma in comparison to 95 asthmatic
      patients of the same category in which this treatment was not applied;
      improvement was obtained in 78% of the former lot as against 17% in the latter.
      The quanlity of the improvement obtained and the dependence of the results upon
      the various diagnostic criteria used are discussed. Microbial hyposensitization
      has proved efficient in asthmatic patients although its mechanism of action is
      not yet known, nor the difference that exists from this point of view with the
      current microbial vaccination. The data obtained suggest that microbial
      hyposensitization acts by the mechanism of microbial vaccination in all the
      variants of infectious asthma.

PMID- 181815
TI  - [Problems concerning the etiopathogenesis of bronchopulmonary suppurations].
AB  - The data supplied by analysis of more than 1 000 patients pointed to the wide
      range of the causal factors, the role of focal infections of the upper
      respiratory and digestive tracts and the mechanisms that interfere in the
      determinism of the bronchopulmonary suppurative syndrome, the septic particles
      migrating as a rule along the bronchogenic route.

PMID- 181816
TI  - [Current incidence of the aged among hospitalized tuberculosis patients].
AB  - A survey including 10 442 tuberculosis patients hospitalized in a sanatorium
      showed that 1 086 (10.42%) were 65 years old or older, the proportion increasing
      from 5.21% in 1964 to 12.78% in 1973 (p less than 0.001). The patients over 70
      represented 3.73% of the total, increasing twofold in the course of ten years,
      from 2.37% to 4.15% (p less than 0.05). There was a rural prevalence, i.e. 11.9%
      as against 6.85% from urban areas (p less than 0.001), and in the over 70 years
      age group 4.13% as against 2.74% (p less than 0.001).

PMID- 181817
TI  - [Respiratory consequences of thoracopulmonary surgical operations in children and
      adolescents].
AB  - Spirographic investigations were carried out in a lot of 125 children and
      adolescents with surgical exeresis or collapse, performed between 1965 and 1972
      for suppurations, tuberculosis and other thoraco-pulmonary diseases. Spirographic
      determinations before and 1--2 months after surgery showed that the postoperative
      sequelae were milder in children than in adults. Recovery of the ventilation
      function was more complete than that of the pulmonary circulation. The necessity
      of a correct postoperative care and systematic, prolonged respiratory
      kinesitherapy is emphasized.

PMID- 181818
TI  - [Inter-relations between pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus].
AB  - The glucose tolerance test was applied in 50 patients with cavitary pulmonary
      tuberculosis. In 8 cases chemical diabetes was found representing a proportion of
      16% as compared to 2.13% in the rest of the population. Certain possible
      etiopathogenic factors are discussed: sex, age, environment, nutritional status,
      age of the disease and tuberculostatic medication. Tuberculosis may be considered
      as a "diabetogenic risk" factor.

PMID- 181819
TI  - [Aspects of tuberculosis at puberty (notes on 2 cases)].

PMID- 181820
TI  - [Aspects of tuberculosis prevention in Morocco].

PMID- 181822
TI  - [Integration of ambulatory chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis in the activity
      of the system of general practice (joint report)].

PMID- 181821
TI  - [Immunogenetics of polyautoagression. Reference to chronic obstructive
      bronchopneumopathy].

PMID- 181823
TI  - [Epidemiology of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy in the Socialist Republic
      of Rumania (report)].

PMID- 181824
TI  - [Current possibilities of treatment of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy
      (joint report)].

PMID- 181825
TI  - [Premises for a national program of prevention of chronic obstructive
      bronchopneumopathy (joint report)].

PMID- 181826
TI  - [Functional recovery in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy and other chronic
      pulmonary diseases (joint report)].

PMID- 181827
TI  - [Current trends in the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis (report)].

PMID- 181828
TI  - [Current status of BCG vaccination in our country (report)].

PMID- 181829
TI  - [Current indications for chemoprophylaxis (report)].

PMID- 181830
TI  - [Current widely-used antitubercular chemotherapy regimens (report)].

PMID- 181831
TI  - [Dynamics of the appearance and persistence of elimination of mycobacteria and
      their significance (report)].

PMID- 181833
TI  - Importance of associated viral and bacterial infections in the production of
      acute pneumonias.
AB  - Bacteriologic and virologic investigations carried out in a group of 85 patients
      with acute pneumonia have allowed the determination of the etiologic agent in
      52.9% of the cases. Of these, 40% showed combined viral and bacterial infections.
      Mixovirus infections were frequently associated with staphylococcic ones (7 out
      of 8 cases) and adenovirus infections with the pneumococcic ones (6 out of 7
      cases). The most severe and longdrawn clinical pictures with frequent
      pleuropulmonary complications (in 22.24% of the cases) had a biphasic evolution
      in only 6 of the 18 pneumonias of mixed etiology. For their high frequency and
      their clinical peculiarities, mixed etiology pneumonias might be considered as
      distinct clinical entities.

PMID- 181832
TI  - Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis with hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 181834
TI  - Effect of cortisone and acth on the phospholipids of human amniotic fluid and
      lung tissue in early gestation.
AB  - Fifteen physically healthy women who received permission for legal abortion on
      sociomedical grounds in the second trimester of pregnancy were given either
      cortisone acetate per os or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) intramuscularyly
      for 3 days previous to hysterotomy. Eight other patients served as controls. The
      phospholipid composition of amniotic fluid, fetal lung washings, and lung tissue
      was analyzed. In the cortisone group there was a significant increase in the
      proportion of palmitic acid in the lung tissue lecithins linked to a
      corresponding decrease in the oleic acid. A similar tendency was observed in the
      ACTH group, but the changes were not significant. The investigation suggests that
      the human fetal lung already at this early stage of development is capable of
      responding to the action of cortisone by a relative increase in the synthesis of
      dipalmitoyllecithin.

PMID- 181835
TI  - Cord blood cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein pattern from two districts
      in Norway.
AB  - Lipid levels of cord blood from two districts in Norway were studied. Although
      the mean levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the two populations were
      similar, high cord blood lipid levels were more frequently found in a population
      in Finnmark in northern Norway than in Bergen in western Norway. In Bergen the 95
      percentile value for both cholesterol and triglycerides was 90 mg/100 ml. In
      Finnmark the corresponding values were 100 and 115 mg/100 ml. The lipid levels in
      cord blood from children of Norwegian, Finnish, and Lappish origin were nearly
      identical. The frequency of lipoprotein subfractions as distinct bands between
      beta and pre-beta fractions in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was the same in
      the two populations. Thus no genetic difference was found in lipoprotein patterns
      of cord blood in the populations of western and northern Norway.

PMID- 181836
TI  - Precipitation of plasma lipoproteins by PEG-6000 and its evaluation with
      electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation.
AB  - A neutral polymer precipitation procedure for fractionation of human plasma
      lipoproteins is described. The method was also tested preliminarily for
      fractionation of rat plasma lipoproteins. Polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) at
      a concentration of about 12% and at pH 7.9 precipitated human plasma very low
      density (VLDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoproteins completely. Precipitation was
      independent of time and temperature. VLDL and LDL could not be precipitated
      separately. Polyethylene glycol-6000 precipitation can be used for rapid
      determination of high-density (HDL) lipids and of the ratio of HDL to LDL lipids.

PMID- 181837
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine in human serum with special reference to
      methodological problems.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for measuring the level of triiodothyronine in human serum has
      been developed and studied with respect to interference from hormone-binding
      substances present in human serum. Dextran-coated charcoal was used for the
      separation of free and antibody-bound hormone. ANS (8-anilino-1
      naphthalenesulfonic acid) was used to reduce the interference from hormone
      binding substances in serum. Extraction of the hormone by ethanol before the
      radioimmunoassay did not solve the problem of interference, even in the presence
      of an internal standard. The protein concentration in the assay system strongly
      influenced the charcoal adsorption of free and antibody-bound hormone, and
      optimal concentrations for both proteins and ANS had to be worked out to get a
      reliable assay for unextracted serum.

PMID- 181838
TI  - A protein-binding assay for direct determination of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      in amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and urine.
AB  - An adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-binding protein was isolated from
      bovine skeletal muscle. This preparation showed maximum binding capacity for
      cyclic AMP at the physiological pH of amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and
      plasma and had a high association constant of 1.4x10(9) 1/mol. This preparation
      of binding protein, together with albumin and EDTA in the assay buffer, gave a
      sensitive and specific competitive protein-binding assay that permitted direct
      determination of cyclic AMP in the biological fluids mentioned above.

PMID- 181839
TI  - Effects of granulocyte neutral proteases on complement components.
AB  - The proteolytic effects of collagenase and elastase from human granulocytes were
      investigated on the human complement components C3 and C5 in serum and with
      purified components. The conversion of C3 was analyzed with crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis as described by Ganrot, and the conversion of C5 was
      detected with immunoelectrophoresis according to Scheidegger's method.
      Collagenase converted C3 to C3b but had no detectable effect on C5. Elastase
      converted C3 to C3b and converted C5 to a C5b-like fragment. The proteolysis by
      collagenase and elastase in serum was not detectable until the molar ratio for
      enzyme to the protease inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin was
      greater than 1.

PMID- 181840
TI  - Herpesvirus infections in renal allograft recipients.
AB  - 17 of 37 immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients developed clinical and/or
      serological evidence of herpes simplex virus infections, 7 of 83 developed a
      zoster rash, 85 of loo had evidence of cytomegalovirus infection and in 3 of 30
      an active Epstein-Barr virus was seen.

PMID- 181841
TI  - Sustained tolerance to a specific effect of ethanol on posttetanic potentiation
      in Aplysia.
AB  - Perfusion with 0.8 molar ethanol in a seawater specifically accelerates the rate
      of decay of posttetanic potentiation observed after repetitive electrical
      stimulation of an identified synapse in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia
      californica. Repeated perfusion with seawater alternately with and without
      ethanol leads to a progressive diminution of this specific effect of ethanol,
      such that after the third application ethanol no longer has any effect on the
      rate constant of decay of posttetanic poteniation. This tolerance to the specific
      effects of ethanol persists for at least 11 hours after the last application of
      ethanol.

PMID- 181842
TI  - Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase occurs in a region of substantia nigra
      containing dopaminergic dendrites.
AB  - The zona reticulata, the subdivision of the substantia nigra containing dendrites
      of the dopaminergic nigro-neostriatal neurons, contains dopamine-sensitive
      adenylate cyclase activity. This nigral dopamine receptor is similar to the
      striatal dopamine receptor. These and previous data suggest a physiological role
      (or roles) for dopamine in the substantia nigra.

PMID- 181843
TI  - Ischemic areas in perfused rat hearts: measurement by NADH fluorescence
      photography.
AB  - Fluorescence emission of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) from
      the surface of perfused rat hearts was photographed to provide a two-dimensional
      recording of NADH levels. Sodium Amytal inhibition of NADH oxidation resulted in
      a homogeneous increase in NADH fluorescence, while lowering perfusion pressure
      from 55 to 10 torr caused a heterogeneous increase in NADH fluorescence,
      reflecting the heterogeneous oxygen delivery at this low pressure. Local ischemia
      resulted in a well-defined region of high NADH fluorescence that corresponded to
      the region of ischemic inslut. The sharp transition between the ischemic and
      normoxic areas demonstrated that the hypoxic interface separating the two areas
      must be quite small.

PMID- 181844
TI  - Letter: Breast lobules.

PMID- 181845
TI  - Selective in vitro growth of T lymphocytes from normal human bone marrows.
AB  - Selective growth of T lymphocytes occurred when unfractionated normal human bone
      marrow cells were cultured with conditioned medium obtained from
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal human lymphocytes (Ly-CM). Cultures of up to
      90 percent T cells have been maintained for more than 9 months. The T cells
      exhibited a strict growth dependence upon Ly-CM and were consistently negative
      for Epstein-Barr viral information.

PMID- 181846
TI  - [Ligation of lymphatic ducts in treatment of arteriosclerosis. 550 operated cases
      reported over a period of 9 years].
AB  - In all diseases where there is an important loss of lymph, e.g. chylothorax,
      chyloperitoneum, exsudative enteropathy chyloduodenal fistula, we observed not
      only a fall in the serum proteins and calcium, but also a fall in lipids and
      cholesterol. We first carried out ligature of the lymphatic ducts in numerous
      dogs. Since 1966, we have carried out this ligature in 550 arteriosclerotic
      patients, aged less than 52 years. The metabolic changes observed over a period
      of 9 years were very marked. Clinically, in 100 patients who underwent classical
      reconstructive arterial surgery, the association of ligature of the lymphatic
      ducts reduced by half, after a period of 6 years, the complications normally
      observed.

PMID- 181847
TI  - [Acute agranulocytosis induced by pyramidon or phenothiazines. Apropos of 31
      cases].
AB  - The authors present 31 cases of acute agranulocytosis due to drugs. 27 resulted
      from amidopyrine poisoning and 4 were due to phenothiazines. The clinical picture
      in most cases, was that of severe septicemia with lesions of the mucosae. On
      blood count agranulocytosis was complete, associated on bone marrow examination
      with an appearance of selective hypoplasia of the granular series or an aspect of
      maturation blockage at the stage of the myelocyte or the metamyelocyte. The
      course was fatal in 6 cases. A search for leukocyte agglutinating antibodies,
      carried out in 29 cases, was positive in only 5 cases. These facts correspond, on
      the whole, to the, clinical and etiological data found in the literature.
      Although the agranulocytoses induced by phenothiazines, seem to be mainly of
      toxic origin, the agranulocytoses induced by amidopyrine associated both an
      immunological mechanism and a toxic mechanism. Among all the biological tests
      proposed, the most useful is the le ukocyte agglutination test, but the
      serological diagnosis is rarely conclusive.

PMID- 181848
TI  - [Study of circulation of cerebro-spinal fluid using indium 111 DTPA. Apropos of
      300 cases].
AB  - A study of the C.S.F. circulation by intrathecal injection of radioactive tracers
      has become a common technic of neurological exploration. Among the molecules used
      at present, Indium111 DTPA has numerous advantages for this type of study. It is
      a chelating agent, the renal clearance of which is rapid and which has no
      toxicity at the dose injected. Indium111 is a product of the cyclotron and the
      physical period (2.8 days) is compatible with the duration of the examination.
      Finally the dose of radioactivity delivered by this isotope is less than that
      Iodine131, Technetium99m and Ytterbium169. In normal subjects after injection by
      the lumbar route, the average biological period measured by external counting
      lies between 20 and 28 hours. A study of the circulation of the C.S.F. is
      particularly useful in patients suspected of hydrocephalus. It permits finer
      diagnosis and shows the indications and type of by pass operation that may be
      neccssary. A marked increase in the biological period of Indium111-DTPA seems to
      be a good indication for such an operation. Our experience of 300 patients has
      shown the interest of the use of Indium111-DTPA which now seems to be the best
      radio-isotope for the study of the subarachnoid space.

PMID- 181850
TI  - [Cerebral gigantism. Review of the literature apropos of one case].
AB  - The authors report a case of cerebral gigantism and review 83 cases found in the
      world literature. The diagnosis depends on the association of several factors,
      none of which alone are specific but which, on the whole, form a fairly
      characteristic picture. Large size at birth, leading only rarely to gigantism at
      adult age. Facial dysmorphia of acromegaloid type. Ecephalopathy with mental
      deficiency without any neuroradiological abnormality. Finally, endocrine
      investigations and somatotropic function were normal. No etiology has been found
      up to now. The most satisfactory theory is that of a hypothalamopituitary
      disturbance. Treatment may simple avoid excess height at adult age and is based
      on sex hormone therapy to accelerate bony maturation.

PMID- 181851
TI  - [Application of scanning electron microscopy in the evaluation of iron content of
      human synovial membrane].

PMID- 181849
TI  - [Bacteroides infections].
AB  - The authors analyse 42 cases of bacteroides infection regrouping bacteremia and
      localised infection collected over a period of one year. The route of entry was
      almost always digestive. The prognosis seems mainly to depend on the background.
      The bacteriological diagnosis is now easy and germ-sensitivy is stereotyped.

PMID- 181852
TI  - [Rectal plasmacytoma during development of Kahler's disease].

PMID- 181853
TI  - [Triple ambiasis localization: intestinal, vaginal, hepatic].

PMID- 181855
TI  - [Problems of molecular biology in hematology and transfusiology].

PMID- 181854
TI  - [H-LA W 27 antigen and ankylosing spondylarthritis. Preliminary study of a
      personal series].

PMID- 181856
TI  - Angiographic evaluation of hepatoma for surgical treatment.
AB  - Celiac and superior mesenteric arteriography of 60 patients with primary
      carcinoma of the liver was evaluated retrospectively to select patients properly
      for hepatic lobectomy, ligation of the hepatic artery or temporary occlusion of
      the hepatic artery. The angiograms were studied from the viewpoints of origin of
      the hepatic artery, location of hepatomas, macroscopic type of hepatomas, tumor
      supplying arteries, patency of the portal vein and coexistence of cirrhosis of
      the liver. It is stressed that an exact knowledge of these items before operation
      is important in performing any type of surgical treatment for patients with
      hepatomas. Resectability of the tumor in the present series of patients was
      possible in 11 patients, and in the recently seen patients with nonresectable
      hepatomas, ligation or repeated temporary occlusion of the hepatic artery or both
      have been performed with postoperative infusion chemotherapy.

PMID- 181857
TI  - Lack of specificity for detection of breast lesions with radioactive cesium
      chloride.
AB  - Detection of breast disease at an early stage was evaluated with 131CsCl. The
      tissue distribution study showed that malignant tumors could be distinguished
      from both benign and normal tissue by the degree of 131Cs concentration. However,
      the external counting method was not sensitive enough to warrant general
      application to patients with a suspected malignant tumor of the breast. False
      positive breast study findings using radionuclides, such as 131CsCl, require
      close follow-up study in view of possible malignant changes in benign disease of
      the breast.

PMID- 181858
TI  - The role of cell receptors in tumor biology.
AB  - A general review of the role of receptors in tumor biology is presented.
      Nonhormonal receptors on the normal cells of the host are extremely important in
      the attempts to discern the origin and role of similar receptors on malignant
      cells. The most intriguing of these receptors is the Fc receptor which, in many
      respects, seems identical to the Fc receptor on B lymphocytes and macrophages.
      Recent data suggest chemical means of differentiating the Fc receptor of
      malignant cells from normal cells of the milieu. Such data are essential to
      resolve a controversy of the significance of the receptor and to help define the
      role of the receptor in the biology of tumors.

PMID- 181859
TI  - [Drug information for nurses. Sympathomimetic bronchodilators. Therapeutic action
      group: asthma agents. 1].

PMID- 181860
TI  - [Zitostop in the treatment of erythremia].

PMID- 181861
TI  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to isocyanates.
AB  - Four patients exposed to isocyanate vapour developed dyspnoea associated with
      restriction and reduced gas transfer as well as moderate airways obstruction on
      lung function testing. In one patient bilateral radiographic shadowing was
      present and an open lung biopsy was performed. The microscopic appearances ranged
      from acute inflammation to end-stage fibrosis but the centribular accentuation of
      disease and the presence of areas resembling bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
      suggested that the process was a hypersensitivity response to inhaled allergen.
      Challenge tests with albumin and toluene diisocyanate-albumin were carried out in
      sensitized and control rabbits. The sensitized animals developed extensive lung
      damage of the type associated with an Arthus reaction. It is suggested that
      patients exposed to isocyanates may occasionally develop a hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis rather than the more usual asthmatic syndrome.

PMID- 181862
TI  - Bronchial adenoma: review of 18-year experience at the Brompton Hospital.
AB  - Continued uncertainty about the prognosis for patients with bronchial adenomata
      led to a review of the experience of this condition in the Brompton Hospital. Of
      72 patients seen between January 1955 and December 1972, 39 were women and 33
      men, mean age 45 years, range 9-73 years. The commonest presenting symptoms were
      haemoptysis, cough, sputum, and repeated chest infections. Positive bronchoscopic
      biopsy occurred in 35 of 43 cases; five of these were originally reported as
      carcinomata, of oat-cell type in four. Plain chest film abnormality occurred in
      69 patients. Seventy-three operative procedures comprised two endoscopic
      removals, two wedge resections, six bronchotomies, five pneumonectomies, and 58
      lobectomies (seven with sleeve resection). Recurrence in three of six
      bronchotomies--two with adenoid cystic carcinomata (cylindromata)--necessitated
      further surgery. Lobectomy and lymph node dissection is usually the operation of
      choice. Histology confirmed 67 carcinoids (eight with atypical histology or lymph
      node metastases), two adenoid cystic carcinomata, one muco-epidermoid, and two
      mucous gland adenomata. Prolonged follow-up is especially indicated in patients
      with adenoid cyst carcinoma and in those with atypical or metastatic carcinoid
      histology. Although such pathology is not incompatible with long survival, of 10
      patients in these categories, all five late deaths were probably related to the
      tumour. However, of 57 patients considered to have had typical carcinoid
      histology and adequate removal of the tumour, there has to date been no tumour
      related death, but one patient developed radiosensitive atypical carcinoid
      tracheal tumours nine years later. The actuarially assessed survival of 71
      patients undergoing surgery for bronchial adenomata was 75% at 15 years. Specific
      tumour types should replace the term bronchial adenoma.

PMID- 181864
TI  - [Aujezky's disease in the field and vaccination against the disease (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A rather extensive outbreak of Aujeszky's disease in the area served by the above
      veterinarians is reported. Of 252 pig-breeding farms, eighty-two were
      contaminated. The other herds (170) were partly (81) vaccinated against the
      disease with the Bartha strain. Unlike de non-vaccinated group, the immunized
      herds showed few of any losses. In view of this fact it is concluded that
      Aujeszky's disease vaccination is a useful procedure (even in a contaminated
      environment).

PMID- 181865
TI  - [Virus diseases in fish. Recognition and diagnosis].

PMID- 181863
TI  - Cancer of the lung in women.
AB  - A study from Wales of 132 women with cancer of the lung admitted consecutively
      during the five years 1964-68, and of 13 other women submitted to surgery at an
      earlier period, showed that the prognosis for women was worse than for men. Every
      woman except one was followed up for more than five years. Of the 132 women in
      the consecutive series only five survived for five years, while the five-year
      survival rate after resection in 35 women was less than one-half of that of men.
      The cause of the worse prognosis for women in Wales appears to be due to some sex
      linked factor. It cannot be explained by the age of the patient or by the
      histology, location, early or resectability of the growth. The prognosis of
      cancer of the lung in English, French, and American women is considered. The
      relative incidence of the disease in women and men is discussed. Sex and
      nationality appear to be of importance, but the influence of tobacco and other
      atmospheric carcinogens is obscure.

PMID- 181866
TI  - Effects of epinephrine and theophylline on lipolytic response in hereditary
      diabetic mice.
AB  - In non-obese but diabetic 15-week-old KK mice which showed fatty liver
      histopathologically, the content of liver lipids and the levels of blood glucose
      and plasma IRI were greater than those in the control ICR mice of the same age
      and were quite similar to those in GTG-obese mice. In 6-week-old KK mice which
      excreted no glycosuria and showed normal hepatic tissues, only plasma IRI level
      was slightly elevated as compared with that in the control mice. The cyclic 3',5'
      AMP stimulators like epinephrine and theophylline exerted far less potent
      stimulatory effects on lipolytic activity in 6-week-old KK mice than in the
      control mice, as in diabetic 15-week-old KK mice and GTG-obese mice. Theophylline
      potentiated the lipolytic effect of epinephrine lineraly in KK mice, the tendency
      being different from that in the control mice, and only the submaximal rate was
      obtained. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of theophylline on PDE from the
      epididymal adipose tissue was less potent in 6-week-old KK mice than in healthy
      ICR mice of the same age.

PMID- 181868
TI  - An outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus type 8 in a babies
      home.
AB  - Between October and December, 1973, an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
      occurred in a babies home in Sapporo. 28 out of 58 infants and children suffered
      from the disease. Infection seemed to have been transmitted within a room by
      hands of nursing staff with spread into other rooms through the dispensary.
      Clinical manifestation in almost all of the patients was pseudomembraneous
      conjunctivitis without apparent corneal opacities. None of them showed systemic
      symptoms. Virus isolation was attempted from eye swabs of 4 patients between 5
      and 8 days after onset of the disease, and adenovirus type 8 was isolated from
      all of the specimens. It was found that there was no case of subclinical
      infection by the serologic tests. Consecutive serologic studies revealed a good
      neutralizing antibody response to adenovirus type 8 in the patients tested.

PMID- 181867
TI  - Experimental study of dibutyryl cyclic AMP: its antishock effects observed in
      traumatic shock rats.
AB  - Antishock effect of N6, O2-dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) Was investigated in rats
      subjected to Noble-Collip drum trauma and compared with effects of hydrocortisone
      and Trasylol. Results obtained are as follows. 1)Hydrocortisone and Trasylol
      administered 1 hr before initiating drumming improved the survival rate from
      traumatic shock with concomitant reducton of levels of acid phosphatase and beta
      glucuronidase in circulating blood. DBcAMP administered i.p. immediately after
      trauma also improved the survival rate to the same extent as did Traylol or
      hydrocortisone, while no inhibitory effects were observed on acid phosphatase and
      beta-glucuronidase. 2)The rectal temperature fell significantly after suffering
      trauma, and the rats with greater fall in rectal temperature had poorer chance
      for survival. The fall in rectal temperature was considerably prevented by DBcAMP
      in a dose of 0.5 mg/100 g body weight (b.w.). 3)DBcAMP induced a rise in plasma
      insulin level (IRI) and insulin/glucose ratio (I/G) in shock rats, and the
      elevation in blood lactate/pyruvate ratio (L/P) and excess lactate otherwise
      observed after trauma were satisfactorily prevented by DBcAMP administration. It
      is concluded that the antichock effects of DBcAMP primarily resulted from
      improvements of the intracellular metabolism induced by its easy passage through
      the cell membrane and its cAMP like action, while any preventive action was not
      observed against elevation of lysosomal enzymes in the circulating blood.

PMID- 181869
TI  - Difference between effects of conjugated estrogen on neurotics and non-neurotics
      of climacteric women complaining of menopausal symptoms and its clinical
      application for their screening.
AB  - In order to screen the neurotics and non-neurotics of climacteric women with
      menopausal symptoms, conjugated estrogen was injected intravenously and the
      reactions were compared. Menopausal symptoms were represented by Kupperman's
      menopausal index. After estrogen injection the non-neurotics showed a decrease of
      the index, i.e., alleviation of the symptoms, while the neurotics showed no
      change of the index. Taking advantage of this difference, a discriminant function
      between neurotics and non-neurotics was calculated using, as variables,
      Kupperman's menopasual indices determined before and after administration of the
      conjugated estrogen. The calculative screening obtained from this discriminant
      function yielded consistency with clinical diagnosis in about 94% of the
      neurotics and about 87% of the non-neurotics, suggesting that this test is of
      value in the screening of neurotics and non-neurotics in the climacteric women
      with menopausal symptoms.

PMID- 181870
TI  - Interaction of paraquat with the pulmonary microsomal fatty acid desaturase
      system.

PMID- 181871
TI  - Postsynaptic blockade of neuromuscular transmission by toxin II from the venom of
      the South African ringhals cobra (Hemachatus haemachatus).

PMID- 181872
TI  - Effect of nafoxidine (U-11,100A) on the induction of uterine peroxidase.
AB  - The relationship between the quantity of nuclear estrogen receptor complex formed
      and the amount of peroxidase induced by estradiol in immature rat uteri was
      determined. A good correlation was obtained between the quantity of 3H-estradiol
      specifically bound to the nuclear pellet and the amount of enzyme present 12 h
      after treatment with physiological doses of estrogen. Nafoxidine (U-11,100A)
      administered together with estrogen reduced signficantly the increase in
      peroxidase activity brought about by estradiol. Pretreatment with nafoxidine was
      less effective. The possible mechanism of action of this antiestrogen is
      discussed.

PMID- 181873
TI  - Inhibition of (3H) prostaglandin F2alpha binding to its receptors by
      progesterone.
AB  - The specific binding of [3H] prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha to bovine corpus luteum
      cell membranes was inhibited by progesterone. Progesterone inhibition of binding
      was dependent on membrane protein and independent of [3H] PGF2alpha
      concentrations in the medium. The lower inhibition of binding at high protein
      concentrations can be overcome by increasing the amounts of progesterone added.
      Progesterone inhibition of binding appears to be due to a decrease in the
      receptor number rather than a decrease in the receptor affinities. The kinetic
      properties (association and dissociation rates) of the remaining receptors were
      unchanged. The inhibition of [3H] PGF2alpha binding was observed by preincubating
      the membranes with progesterone or by adding at the beginning but not during
      incubation. The concentrations of progesterone that inhibited binding by about
      50% do occur in bovine corpora lutea of estrous cycle and pregnancy.

PMID- 181874
TI  - Radiation-sterilized bone grafts evaluated by electron spin resonance technique
      and mechanical tests.

PMID- 181875
TI  - Clonorchiasis and hepatic neoplasms.
AB  - Thirty-eight subjects from Hong Kong with chronic infestation by Clonorchis
      sinensis were studied. Ten of the patients died of hepatocellular carcinoma,
      seven of cholangiocarcinoma, and one each of carcinoma of the common bile duct
      and lymphoma. The major difference between the patients having cholangiocarcinoma
      and hepatocellular carcinoma was cirrhosis. Only one patient with
      cholangiocarcinoma had cirrhosis; whereas all but one patient with hepatocellular
      carcinoma had cirrhosis. The etiopathogenesis of these two tumors is
      substantially different.

PMID- 181876
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinoma in the Gambia.
AB  - A hospital based study of hepatocellular carcinoma was undertaken in The Gambia.
      The overall male incidence rate was 12.0/100.000, almost certainly artificially
      low but putting The Gambia readily into the areas with a high incidence of this
      disease.

PMID- 181877
TI  - [Localization of several rhodopsin regeneration enzymes in retinal rods].
AB  - The distribution of NAD kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase within
      membranes of both outer and inner retina rod segments was studied by the sucrose
      gradient centrifugation of crude outer segment preparations. Rhodopsin and
      retinoldehydrogenase served as markers for outer segment membranes, whereas
      succinate dehydrogenase was a marker for inner ones. It is shown that NAD kinase
      and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are localized within inner segment
      membranes of the photoreception cell and that the activity of these enzymes in
      the crude preparations is due to contamination of the inner segments.

PMID- 181878
TI  - [Synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the nuclei of pigeon
      erythrocytes].
AB  - The nuclei of pigeon erythrocytes are capable of synthesizing NAD from
      nicotinamid-mononucleotides and ATP. Some data on the kinetics of NAD
      pyrophosphorylase have been obtained: the optimal concentration of nuclei and the
      effect of various incubation time. The pretreatment of nuclei by Triton X-100, or
      by ultrasonics enhances NAD synthesis. The results suggest that cyclic 3',5'-AMP
      (Fluka) may have no effect on NAD synthesis. The control of the cell metabolism
      by NAD formation is considered.

PMID- 181880
TI  - [Enzyme, electron microscopic and polarographic characteristics of isolated rat
      brain mitochondria. III. Quantitative assessment of their distribution in
      fractions of the homogenate].
AB  - Activities of succinate dehydrogenase, succinate- and NAD-H-cytochrome c-
      reductases, and cytochrome c--oxidase was compared in 1 g tissue homogenate and
      homogenate fractions made from 1 g brain tissue using various solutions.
      Fractionation resulted in the increased activities of NADH- and succinate
      cytochrome reductases, and in the loss of succinate dehydrogenase activity,
      cytochrome oxidase was less influenced. These phenomena are regarded as signs of
      the interrelation between mitochondria and other constituents of brain cell
      within homogenates. Maximal quantity of mitochondria isolated from homogenates is
      no more than 20% of all the mitochondrial homogenates (according enzyme data).
      The electronogram of the brain mitochondrial preparation isolated in the Krebs-
      Ringer solution without glucose pointed out to a high homogeneity of mitochondria
      in the residue.

PMID- 181879
TI  - [The effect of thrombin on phosphoribosylpyrophosphate-dependent enzyme systems
      of thrombocytes].

PMID- 181881
TI  - [Spectrum analysis in the study of intracellular regulation of the metabolism of
      substances and engery].

PMID- 181882
TI  - [The effect of ultraviolet radiation of different wave lengths on the
      concentration of DNA--fuchsin in the cells of Zajdel's ascitic hepatoma].
AB  - The cytophotometrical analysis of the relationships between the content of DNA-
      fuchsin and the duration of acid hydrolysis of the intranuclear DNA (the Feulgen
      reaction) in the Zaidela hepatoma cells allows to see the degree of the DNA-
      protein binding. The UV irradiation of different wave-lengths (254, 325 and 365
      nm, resp.) irrespective of the degree of absorption by nucleic acids, causes
      changes in chromatin condensation, thus suggesting the labilization of DNA-
      protein bounds.

PMID- 181883
TI  - [Peptide hydrolase activity of different sections of the rat brain].
AB  - The protamine-splitting peptid hydrolase activity method was modified for using
      when analyzing the different areas of the rat brain. The tissue weight was 15-40
      mg, only 3.5 mg was sufficient for investigation in a test tube. The indexes of
      neutral peptide hydrolase activity differed thrice and were arranged as follows:
      auditory and optic cortex--41, cerebellum--60, hypothalamic area and corpus
      striatum--69, hippocamp--89, corpora quadrigemina--92, pyramides and pons--120,
      medula--121, and thalamus--122, The deprivation of REM-sleep for 24 and 48 hours
      or total sleep deprivation for 24 hours did not cause changes in the peptide
      hydrolase activity of the investigated brain areas.

PMID- 181884
TI  - [Differences in the enzymatic activity of mitochondria from enriched neuronal and
      glial fractions].
AB  - Studies were performed in the activities of certain enzymes from oxidoreductase
      group: cytochrome c-oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.3), succinate dehydrogenase
      succinates: cytochrome c-oxidoreductase (EC 1.3.99.1), cytochrome oxidase (EC
      1.9.3.1) and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) in mitochondria from neuronal and
      glial-enriched fractions. The mitochondrial fraction purity was observed by the
      electron microscope. The enzyme activity of the glial mitochondrial fraction was
      much higher than that in the neuronal mitochondria. Malate dehydrogenase from
      glial enriched fraction consists of three isoenzymes, while neuronal mitochondria
      had two isoenzymes of malate dehydrogenase. The neuronal mitochondria were found
      to be more stable to lubrol and digitonin.

PMID- 181885
TI  - [Determination of the content of biogenic amines and their precursors by a thin
      layer chromatographic method].
AB  - A method is developed for a simultaneous determination of the content of biogenic
      phenyl- and indolalkylamines and their predecessors. The method includes
      preparation of a homogenate by cutting the animal tissue and its extraction in
      acidic butanol, purification of butanol from tissue by centrifugation, subsequent
      conversion of the substances from the alcohol phase to the aqueous one and
      lyophilization of the latter. Then thin layer chromatography is performed. For
      obtaining the neutral separating layer the mixture of the microcyrstalline
      cellulose JIT and silicagel is used. The mixture ethyl acetate--acetic acid-
      water (5:1.5:1.5) is used as a solvent. The thin layers of cellulose JIT or
      ecteolo-cellulose with the solvent 0.01-n HC1 and cellulose JIT with the solvent
      ethyl acetate--acetic acid-water (5:1.5:1.5) may be used, respectively, for
      determining the content of the reactions final products, when measuring the
      enzymic activities of DOPA-decarboxylase and 5-oxytryptophan-decarboxylase.

PMID- 181888
TI  - Mechanism(s) of hyperlipidemia in chronic uremia.

PMID- 181889
TI  - [Clinico-virological parallels in inflammatory processes in the middle ear].

PMID- 181886
TI  - Fasting urine excretion of magnesium, calcium, and sodium in patients with renal
      calcium stones.
AB  - Urine excretion of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sodium(Na) was studied in
      patients with renal Ca stones having normal kidney function (n= 60), and in
      matched controls (n= 60), on a free diet following an overnight fasting period.
      In some formers, Mg was lower than in normals, whereas Ca was unusually high
      resulting in a significantly higher molar Ca/Mg ratio (p less than 0.001). 2. In
      3 out of 4 stone groups Na excretion was significantly elevated because of
      reduced tubular reabsorption. In normals, fractional Na excretion varied between
      0.44 and 0.54% of endogenous creatinine clearance, whereas it exceeded 1% in the
      stone patients. Conversely, the molar ratio Na/Ca was equal in all groups. 3.
      Fasting urinary cyclic AMP was comparable in both populations supporting the
      assumption that in the majority of patients Ca- or Mg- wasting via urine may not
      be responsible for secondary hyperparathyroidism. In small selected groups,
      losses of divalent cations may act in concert, leading to stimulation of the
      parathyroid glands. 4. Correlations between minerals and Na reveal a close
      relationship between Na, Ca and Mg in terms of clearance and excretion rate in
      patients and controls. Fractional Na and Ca excretion are correlated in patients
      but not in normals. This suggests that in the absence of phosphaturia, factors
      other than extracellular volume expansion and/or hyperparathyroidism are
      operative in stone disease. 5. The origin of fasting natriuresis and relative
      hypercalciuria may be ascribed to a change, as yet not causally identified, in
      distal tubular Na reabsorption.

PMID- 181890
TI  - [Study of leukocytic enzymes in patients with diffuse peritonitis].
AB  - Under observation were 25 patients with grave diffuse peritonitis.
      Histochemically, the activity of oxidation-reduction enzymes in leukocytes of
      peripheral blood was determined. It was found that the control of enzymic
      activity at the cellular level and determination of the concentration of lactic
      and pyruvic acids permitted the detection of hypoxic alterations in peritonitis,
      provided an opportunity to judge the dynamics of the pathological process.

PMID- 181891
TI  - Serological study of an outbreak of paresis due to equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1).
AB  - Six cases of paresis occurred in a Swedish stud with 48 mares and a stallion.
      Complement-fixation tests revealed a recent infection with EHV-1 in most horses
      of the stud. Serumneutralisation tests showed rapid antibody-titre increases
      during the course of the disease. This type of antibody response was interpreted
      as induced by reinfection or, possibly, recurrent infection. Two diseased mares
      were sacrificed. No virus could be isolated from their central nervous system
      (CNS), liver or spleen, but there is a presumptive evidence for the presence of
      an antigen specific to EHV-1 in the CNS and liver. Neutralising antibodies to EHV
      1 were demonstrated in the liver and kidneys following elution by acidification
      of the tissues. No such antibodies could be demonstrated in the brain and spinal
      cord. A possible reason for this failure is discussed.

PMID- 181887
TI  - Clinical results of intermittent dialysis therapy (IDT) guided by ongoing kinetic
      analysis of urea metabolism.

PMID- 181892
TI  - Equine infectious anaemia.

PMID- 181894
TI  - [Agar gel diffusion precipitation and immunoelectrophoresis of the Aujeszky
      virus].
AB  - Two virulent and two vaccinal virus strains are dealt with. The study has been
      carried out by means of the diffusion precipitation reaction in agar gel and the
      immunoelectrophoresis technique using hyperimmune sera obtained from cocks as
      well as concentrated and purified antigens. It has been demonstrated that the
      virulent and the vaccinal (latent) strains of Aujeszky's disease virus cannot be
      differentiated serologically. The complex of antibodies induced by the virulent
      and the latent strains has proved to contain absolutely identical products. On
      the basis of the results obtained it is suggested to find some other means
      (markers) to differentiate the virulent from the latent strains of the virus.

PMID- 181893
TI  - Letter: Protection by IBV vaccine.

PMID- 181895
TI  - [Effectiveness of a Bulgarian vaccine against Marek's disease in broilers].
AB  - Studies were carried out to establish the effectiveness of the immunization of
      broilers against Marek's disease using a Bulgarian vaccine produced with strain
      C3-1 of a turkey herpes virus. The experiments were done under the conditions of
      an industrial poultry dressing combine with a total of 52,450 day-old hybrid
      birds vaccinated at the rate of 1000 plaque-forming units (PFU), 39,450 birds
      vaccinated with 500 PFU each, and 91,564 unvaccinated control birds. After the 60
      63-day fattening period was over the average value of the mortality rate was 2.17
      per cent and 2.48 per cent in the vaccinated birds and the controls,
      respectively. The vaccinated groups of birds showed also a comparatively higher
      weight gain--by 73 g, on an average, recorded prior to slaughter--as against the
      control groups. No differences were found in these indices between the groups
      immunized with 1000 and 500 PFU. In a laboratory test with 255 birds divided into
      four groups immunized with 100, 500, 250, PFU and controls, challenged in the
      third week with a pathogenic herpes virus it was found that up to the 6th month
      the first two groups developed Marek's disease as accounted by 1.65 per cent of
      the birds, while those vaccinated at the rate of 250 PFU were not properly
      protected, showing a higher morbidity rate--9.23 per cent. It is concluded that
      the Bulgarian vaccine--strain C3-1--confers solid immunity in a dose of 500 PFU,
      the vaccination of broilers being economically profitable.

PMID- 181896
TI  - [Experimental infection with bovid herpesvirus 2].
AB  - An experimental infection with strain KOS/Haskovo of the Bovid Herpesvirus 2,
      isolated in Bulgaria, was induced in susceptible heifers through intradermal,
      intranasal, and intravenous application. Regardless of the route of infection
      clinically the disease manifested itself as an eczema of an urticarial type,
      accompanied by a febrile reaction, leukopenia, erythropenia, and oligochromemia.
      Highest titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies were established on the 30th day
      following infection in the i/v injected animals. All experimentally infected
      animals remained resistant to a challenge with a homologous virus on the 80th day
      after they were infected.

PMID- 181897
TI  - [Study of the immunogenic properties of inactivated vaccines prepared with the
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR)].
AB  - Tested were the chemical and physico-chemical means for the inactivation of the
      infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Formalin and saponin were shown to
      decrease the immunogenic activity of the virus. The inactivation of the virus,
      preserving its immunogenic properties, was achieved with the use of two
      inactivating factors (1 and 2), and the concentrated vaccines produced containing
      an oil adjuvant at amounts of 10 cu. cm per dose in the vaccination and
      revaccination at a 28-day interval proved highly immunogenic. Neutralizing
      antibodies in the vaccinated rabbits and calves were demonstrated after the 14th
      day following treatment. The antibody titers on the 28th day following
      vaccination, and on the 14th day following revaccination reached their peak
      levels: log 2.5 to 4.5 and 6.5 to 7.5, respectively. The problem is discussed of
      the correlation between the circulation and the secretory neutralizing antibodies
      after immunization with an inactivated IBR vaccine.

PMID- 181898
TI  - [Action of rifampicin on the reproduction of Aujeszky's disease virus].
AB  - The study on the effect of rifampicin on the reproduction of Aujeszky's disease
      virus (strains 2, 5, 7, 10, 12, and 17, which are virulent, and strain MK, which
      is an avirulent virus mutant) in cell cultures revealed that the formation of
      plaques is inhibited, though to a slighter extent, at a concentration of the
      inhibiting agent of 100 mug/ml, the value of their titer lowering by one
      logarithm. All virus strains have proved equally susceptible to the effect of
      rifampicin. During the virus multiplication in the presence of rifampicin the
      diameter of the plaques formed decreases from 2.8 to 0.5 mm, and with the
      avirulent strain MK it decreases up to 0.2 mm. They have rose tint in contrast to
      the plaques formed by strain 2, which are colourless. Rifampicin has no effect on
      virus reproduction when the cells are cultivated 24 hours prior to adding the
      antibiotic or when the virus adsorption on the cells takes place simultaneously
      with rifampicin. At lower rates the latter does not alter the reproduction
      process of the virus, however, at doses higher than 10 mug/ml it becomes toxic
      for the cells. Rifampicin inhibits the multiplication of the virus if it is added
      to the infected cell cultures up to the 12th hour following the adsorption of the
      virus. When 25-diacetyl-rifampicin is added to the nutrient medium the number of
      the plaques formed decreases but no change in their diameter occurs. However,
      with the avirulent MK strain both the number of plaques and their size decreases.
      Rifampicin B and rifampicin SV have no effect on the reproduction of Aujeszky's
      disease virus.

PMID- 181899
TI  - The parvoviruses.

PMID- 181900
TI  - Fibrous histiocytoma simulating congenital fibromatosis: a light-, electron
      microscopic and tissue culture study.
AB  - The unusual occurrence of a fibrous histiocytoma of subcutaneous soft tissues,
      bones, and viscera is described in a newborn infant. The clinical and radiologic
      picture simulated a congenital fibromatosis, but histologic, electronmicroscopic
      and tissue culture studies indicated a malignant tumor with a bimodal cell
      population resembling immature fibroblasts and histiocytes. Although less mature
      and more uniform, it essentially parallels the findings in the adult malignant
      fibrous histiocytomas.

PMID- 181901
TI  - Ultrastructural and x-ray analytical studies on intranuclear bismuth inclusions.
AB  - Parenteral administration of bismuth subnitrate produced intranuclear inclusions
      in the rabbit kidney tubules. In glutaraldehyde fixed material these inclusions
      had a homogeneous appearance but in osmicated material some of these inclusions
      showed a granular and fibrillar substructure. In relatively thick unstained
      sections prepared from unosmicated tissues, it was found that the inclusions were
      electron-dense, but they vanished from view when the electron beam was focussed
      on them. This phenomenon is thought to be due to the presence of bismuth, which
      is a mental with a high electrical resistance and low thermal conductivity. With
      the aid of electron-probe analysis the presence of bismuth was demonstrated in
      these inclusions and it seems possible that sulphur may be present here.

PMID- 181902
TI  - Cellular transformation in vitro induced by herpes simplex virus (HSV). Note III.
      Oncogenicity of some HSV-2-transformed cell lines.
AB  - At high in vitro passage levels HSV-2-transformed hamster and rat cell lines were
      oncogenic for the homologous animals, inducing fusocellular or round-cell
      sarcomas. The cell lines obtained by in vitro cultivation of the tumors were free
      of infectious virus.

PMID- 181904
TI  - Enzootic with ectromelia symptomatology in Sprague-Dowley rats.

PMID- 181903
TI  - Gastroduodenal ulcer obtained by experimental herpes virus inoculation.

PMID- 181905
TI  - Differences between genomes of two strains of mouse mammary tumor virus as shown
      by partial RNA sequence analysis.

PMID- 181907
TI  - Mechansims of vesicular stomatitis virus-induced cytopathic effects. II.
      Inhibition of macromolecular synthesis induced by infectious and defective
      interfering particles.

PMID- 181906
TI  - Mechanisms of vesicular stomatitis virus-induced cytopathic effects. I. Early
      morphologic changes induced by infectious and defective-interfering particles.

PMID- 181908
TI  - The expression of the syn- gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. II. Requirements
      for macromolecular synthesis.

PMID- 181909
TI  - A comparison of two populations of defective, interfering pseudorabies virus
      particles.

PMID- 181910
TI  - Enhancement of SV40 transformation by treatment of C3H2K cells with UV light and
      caffeine. II. The effects of multiplicity of infection, cell phase, and time with
      caffeine.

PMID- 181911
TI  - Interferon action: role of membrane gangliosides.

PMID- 181912
TI  - A short-term quantitative XC assay for murine leukemia virus.

PMID- 181913
TI  - The origin of 7 S RNA in virions of avian sarcoma viruses.

PMID- 181914
TI  - Isolation of murine type-C virus p30 precursor protein by DNA-cellulose
      chromatography.

PMID- 181916
TI  - [Exocrine function of the pancreas in children under 1 year of age].

PMID- 181915
TI  - [Importance of vitamin D administration to patients under long-term intermittent
      dialysis].

PMID- 181917
TI  - [Hidradenocarcinoma in a rare location].

PMID- 181918
TI  - [Investigations on the prophylaxis of wound infection by the topical application
      of a combination of polymyxin-b, bacitracin and neomycin (polybactrin spray)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A controlled prospective trial was carried out on 100 cases of appendicectomy for
      a suppurative or perforated apendix, 153 operations on the biliary tract and 25
      abdominal colon and rectum resections. The topical administration of Polybactrin
      aerosol, sprayed once into the open laparotomy wound produced a significant
      reduction in postoperative wound infection.

PMID- 181919
TI  - [Prognostic assessment in peripheral facial nerve paralysis with particular
      reference to electroneurography (author's transl)].
AB  - Electrophysiological investigations were carried out on 20 healthy controls and
      130 patients with peripheral facial nerve paralysis. The aetiology was as
      follows: idiopathic (Bell's palsy) in 60 cases, viral in 29, traumatic in 18,
      postoperative in 4, in connexion with chronic otitis media in 6, diabetes
      mellitus in 4, positive rheumatological tests in 3, disturbed lipid metabolism in
      2, the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome in 1, as a complication of pregnancy in 2,
      and in association with a tumour in 1 case. The compound action potential (CAP)
      of the orbicularis oris muscle was determinedi n 370 occasions in a right/left
      comparision, the record of the muscle response was intergrated over the time of
      action (IAR) on 32 occasions and trison of 255 occasions. The normal values are
      given in the first place and their dependence of the age of the subject. Then,
      the prognostic sifnficance of the above-mentioned parameters is investigated in
      cases of peripheral facial nerve paralysis. It is apparent that the determination
      of the CAP in a right/left comparison is a valuable prognostic guide as early as
      the 4th day, insofar as a decrease in this parameter of under 50% can be
      interpreted as a favourable sign and satisfactory reversal of the paralysis can
      be expected within 6-8 weeks. By contrast, a decrease of over 70% in the CAP is a
      bad prognostic sign, indicative of presumably only a poor trend to reversal of
      the paralysis. An intermediate depression of the CAP in the range of 50-70%
      signifies an expected moderate recovery within 6-8 weeks ahe case of CAP
      determination at the time of maximum amplitude depression (as opposed to the 4th
      day), then a decrease of less than 70% is taken to be indicative of satisfactory
      functional recovery within 6-8 weeks; a decrease of 95-100% signifies a bad
      prognosis, whilst a decrease amounting to between 70 and 95% carries an uncertain
      prognosis. The maximum decrease in amplitude was registered on the 8th day on
      average; the range lay between the 4th and the 14th day. An exception to these
      figures was the delayed response of the CAP in the case of 6 patients, 5 of whom
      showed a maximum decrease during the 3rd week and the last patient as late as the
      4th week following the onset of facial nerve paresis. Similar reliance can be
      placed on the prognostic value of the IAR. however, the decrease in the IAR is
      smaller than that of the CAP measured on the same potential in a right/left
      comparison, so that a decrease in the IAR of over 60% can already herald a poor
      recovery. Repeated determination of the latency in cases of facial nerve
      paralysis showed that the mean latency value for the entire group of patients was
      slightly prolonged at the end of the 1st week, but the latency values obtained in
      any one particular patient are of no prognostic significance. A comparison
      between CAP and latency values obtained with the opposite (i.e...

PMID- 181920
TI  - [Current principles and trends in the ambulatory after-care following eye
      surgery].

PMID- 181921
TI  - [Clinical and bacteriological experiences with a tetracycline-powder-spray].

PMID- 181922
TI  - Tumor inhibiting capacity of spleen and lymph node cells from mice with murine
      sarcoma virus (MSV-M)-induced tumors.
AB  - The direct tumor inhibiting capacity of spleen and lymph node cells obtained from
      mice in different stages of Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV-M)-induced tumor
      development was studied. MSV-M producing ascitic tumor cells with a tumor dosis50
      of about 10(3) cells and a mean latent period--depending on the amount of
      transplanted cells--of6-12 days were used as target cells. They were mixed with
      dilutions of spleen and lymph node cells obtained from mice at various times
      after infection with MSV-M. The cell mixtures were incubated for 5 hours, then
      injected into mice, and tumor inhibiting activity was determined after an
      observation period of 14 days. Tumor inhibiting capacity was demonstrated with
      cells harvested from mice 8 days after infection with MSV-M, it was strongest
      with cells obtained at the stage of peak tumor size and during regression, and
      was still demonstrable with cells taken at the 86th day after infection.
      Pretreatment of the lymphoid cells with anti-0-antibodies and complement
      abolished the tumor inhibiting capacity. This result indicates that immune T
      cells abrogate the capacity of the ascitic tumor cells to induce tumor
      development.

PMID- 181923
TI  - [Adrenalin and myocardial inotropy].

PMID- 181924
TI  - [The circadian rhythm of activity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal cortex
      system].

PMID- 181925
TI  - [Study of the metabolism of lipids in the blood serum of patients with Weber
      Christian panniculitis].

PMID- 181926
TI  - [The question of vacuolization in the dental pulp].

PMID- 181927
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the functional state of the adrenal cortex in the
      dogs and the fox, Vulpes fulvus].
AB  - Comparison has been made of secretory activity of the adrenals in silver foxes
      and dogs. Besides, studies were made of the effect of ACTH and angiotensin II on
      the production of gluco- and mineral corticoids by the adrenals in these animals.
      It was shown  that the spectrum and number of main corticosteroids produced by
      the adrenals in vitro is identical infoxes and dogs. No difference was found
      between these animals with respect to the reaction of the adrenals to the
      addition of ACHT and angiotensin to the incubation medium, although in foxes more
      significant reaction of glucocorticoid part of the adrenals to ACTH was noted.

PMID- 181929
TI  - [New structural components detected in B. pertussis of different serotypes].
AB  - The authors present electron microscopic data on the study of morphological
      peculiarities of the strains belonging to various serological types. All the
      strains studied had a structure characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria. Two
      types intracellular membranes and intracytoplasmic crystal-like structures were
      revealed in a number of strains (No. 222, No. gZ353, No. 475), irrespective of
      the serological types. Dynamics of formation of the crystal-like structures in
      the bacterial cell was described. Marked changes occurred in the cells with the
      formation of crystal-like structures: cytoplasmic membrane became detached from
      the cell wall with the resultant contraction of the cytoplasm; large periplastic
      spaces formed.

PMID- 181928
TI  - [Cytochrome c complexes with phospholipids].

PMID- 181930
TI  - [Vertebrogenic diseases of the peripheral nervous system (prospects for their
      study and several disputable problems)].

PMID- 181931
TI  - Synthesis of penicillin analogs, (--)-methyl 6-epi-6-bromobisnorpenicillanate and
      (+/-)-methyl 6-epi-bromopenicillanate.
AB  - The [(4-methoxycarbonylthiazolidino)carbonyl-dihalomethyl]phenylmercury compounds
      2a,b and 5a,b have been synthesized. When heated in refluxing bromobenzene they
      form halogenated penicillin analogs. (--)-Methyl 6-epi-6-bromobisnorpenicillinate
      (3a) and methyl 6-epi-6-bromopenicillinates (6a,b) have been prepared and
      isolated.

PMID- 181932
TI  - Serum and pancreatic immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and proinsulin-like component
      (PLC), serum IRI and PLC response to different stimuli in normal subjects and
      organic hyperinsulinism.
AB  - The serum levels of total immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and proinsulin-like
      component (PLC) in the fasting state and following the administration of insulin
      secretagogues in 5 patients with organic hyperinsulinism and age and sex matched
      normal subjects are reported. Diagnosis of organic hyperinsulinism could be
      established in all instances on the basis of the inappropriately high total serum
      IRI levels for the corresponding blood glucose values; such an abnormal
      relationship was not seen in normal subjects, and was further enhanced by insulin
      secretagogues. Unrestrained insulin secretion in organic hyperinsulinism was
      enhanced following the administration of glucose, tolbutamide, glucagon or amino
      acids; the last 2 stimuli are known to be ineffective in causing insulin
      secretion in the presence of hypoglycemia in normal subjects. Four patints had
      insulinomas and one probably had islet cell hyperplasia or abnormal function of
      islet cells. Chromatography of serum IRI to quantitate PLC is a useful adjunct to
      the diagnosis of organic hyperinsulinism as in the fasting state the proportion
      of PLC is always elevated, above the normal range of 5-22%. Following the
      administration of insulin secretagogues there was pronounced increase in total
      serum IRI in organic hyperinsulinism but the proportion of PLC generally
      decreased, suggesting thereby that mojor increase in IRI was due to release of
      stored granular IRI which is known to have a low proportion of PLC.

PMID- 181934
TI  - Augmented secretion of TSH in response to TRH after pre-treatment with
      dexamethasone for six days in rats.
AB  - Serum TSH and corticosterone concentrations were measured in rats given TRH or
      exposed to short-term cold, as well as in intact rats, after pre-treatment with
      dexamethasone for six days at two different dose levels (25 and 250 mug/100 g
      body weight). Both doses increased the secretion of TSH in response to TRH
      whereas cold-induced TSH secretion was not modified by pre-treatment with
      dexamethasone. In intact rats serum TSH levels did not differ significantly from
      controls. In all experiments the steroid blocked ACTH secretion. It was also
      found that administration of TRH produced a rise in serum corticosterone
      concentrations. Our results support the view that dexamethasone given for six
      days facilitates TRH stimulation of the pituitary whilst simultaneously
      inhibiting the secretion of TRH in response to cold.

PMID- 181933
TI  - Radioligand receptor assay of FSH.
AB  - The assay of FSH by a radioligand receptor assay (RLA) using homogenates of rat
      testicular tissue incubated for 17 h at 21 degrees C has been assessed.
      Chloramine-T or lactoperoxidase were used for iodination. The assay gave linear
      dose-response lines between 30 and 2000 ng sheep FSH/tube, and there was usually
      no major interference by LH. Two batches of labelled FSH, however, gave assays in
      which LH showed a striking interaction with FSH. When these batches were avoided
      and FSH and LH were mixed in ratios that differed less than fourfold, the assay
      was combined successfully, in the same tubes, with an RLA for LH, using LH and
      FSH labelled with 131I and 125I respectively. The RLA for FSH was not suitable
      for assay of FSH in rat serum because of apparent non-specific interference.
      Assay by RLA of rat FSH, in pituitary homogenates or released during incubation
      in vitro, gave results which were not closely correlated with those of either
      conventional bioassay or radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 181935
TI  - Breast cancer in the Forbes-Albright syndrome.
AB  - A 33 year old woman with persistent galactorrhoea developed breast cancer six
      years after pituitary radiation for a pituitary adenoma (Forbes-Albright
      syndrome). The possible role of prolactin in human mammary cacinoma is discussed.

PMID- 181936
TI  - Regulation of the activities of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of steroid
      hormones in rat liver: the effect of administration of anterior hypophyseal
      hormones and gonadotrophin preparations to hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - A crude human hypophyseal extract (HE), as well as human growth hormone (GH),
      ovine prolactin (PRL) and commercial preparations of ACTH, TSH, pregnant mare's
      serum gonadotrophins (PMS) and chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) were tested for their
      ability to induce the activities of cytoplasmic 17 beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase and microsomal delta 4-5alpha-hydrogenase and to repress the
      activities of microsomal 3alpha- and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the
      liver of hypophysectomized rats. The activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase was not affected by any of the administered hormones. For the other
      enzymes, only PRL was effective in causing changes in the activities; the
      repressive effect on 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was highly
      significant (P less than 0.001). These results indicate that PRL is involved in
      the regulation of at least some of the enzyme activities of hepatic steroid
      hormone metabolism.

PMID- 181937
TI  - Inhibition and facilitation of feedback influences of dexamethasone on
      adrenocortical responses to ether stress in rats with hypothalamic
      deafferentations and brain lesions.
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanisms and the sites of action of the negative
      feedback of corticoids in the regulation of ACTH secretion, the effects of
      systemically administered dexamethasone on adrenocortical responses to ether
      stress were studied in intact rats and in 11 experimental groups. These included
      animals with partial anterior, anterolateral, posterolateral, posterior and small
      posterior deafferentations as well as bilateral lesions in the medial forebrain
      bundle (MFB), fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis (FLD), medial and lateral
      midbrain reticular formation (MRF) and in the ventrolateral pons. In rats with
      posterior hypothalamic deafferentation the degree of the inhibitory effect of
      dexamethasone was much smaller than that in intact animals. In animals with
      lesions in the FLD and MRF, dexamethasone also produced a reduction in the
      suppression of the response, though the difference was not significant. Bilateral
      lesions in the MFB and MP have on the other hand very significantly enhanced the
      effect of the negative feedback of dexamethasone when compared to intact rats.
      These data would indicate that hypothalamic deafferentations and brain lesions
      may change the sensitivity of the hypothalamus for the feedback control of
      corticoids and that there exist two antagonistic systems, an inhibitory and a
      facilitatory, in the brain which mediate this effect.

PMID- 181938
TI  - Oocyte maturation and glycolysis in isolated pre-ovulatory follicles of PMS
      injected immature rats.
AB  - Graafian follicles were isolated by microdissection from the ovaries of PMS
      injected immature rats killed at specific times on the day before ovulation. They
      were incubated in Krebs bicarbonate buffer containing 5 mM glucose and 1% bovine
      serum albumin. The oocytes were recovered after incubation and examined by
      Nomarski interference contrast microscopy. The amount of lactate and glucose in
      the incubation medium was analysed enzymatically. Oocytes recovered from
      follicles extirpated in the morning, i.e. before the endogenous LH surge, and
      incubated for 2-10 h were in the dictyate stage, while addition of LH or FSH to
      the medium resulted in oocyte maturation as revealed by germinal vesicle
      breakdown (GVB) and polar body formation. The time-course of GVB in vitro was
      similar to that seen in vivo after exogenous LH. Both gonadotrophins markedly
      enhanced lactate accumulation in the medium and, as studied for LH, glucose
      uptake by the follicles. The effects of LH but not those of FSH, on GVB and
      lactate formation were prevented by the presence of an antiserum against the beta
      subunit of LH. The gonadotrophic effects on GVB could be mimicked by the addition
      of prostaglandin E2 to the medium. When the follicles were extirpated in the late
      afternoon, i.e. after the LH surge, and incubated in hormone-free medium for 4 h
      the oocytes showed GVB in a progressively increasing proportion depending on the
      time of follicle extirpation. Lactate formation by this group of follicles was
      markedly enhanced compared to that of "morning" follicles, but it could be even
      more stimulated by in vitro exposure to LH. A preliminary series of experiments
      on the effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors showed that theophylline and
      isobutylmethylxanthine at certain concentrations completely blocked the LH effect
      on GVB, whereas a newly developed compound, ICI 63.197, in itself induced GVB.

PMID- 181939
TI  - Intramitochondrial crystalline inclusions in the liver of a patient with
      hyperthyroidism.
AB  - The case of a female patient with hyperthyroidism and slightly impaired liver
      function is described. Histological examination of liver biopsy did not reveal
      any pathological findings. Electron microscopic examination revealed crystalline
      inclusions in a great number of the mitochondria of the liver cells, as well as
      increased size of the mitochondira. Similar findings were obtained upon
      examination of a liver biopsy performed six months after start of treatment for
      hyperthyroidism. Examination of the skin, muscle and white blood cells did not
      show the presence of such inclusions in the mitochondria. The significance of
      these findings in the liver cells is discussed.

PMID- 181940
TI  - Primary liver carcinoma -- clinical picture and diagnostic possibilities. A
      review of seventy-five cases.
AB  - A study was performed on a group of 75 patients with primary liver carcinoma
      (PLC) treated at the 1st Medical Department in Prague during past 24 years. The
      average age of patients when they died was 59.9 years. 86.7 per cent of the
      patients were men; in 88.0 per cent of cases PLC was associated with liver
      cirrhosis. It was found that the frequency of PLC incidence is increasing. Case
      histories, subjective complaints and laboratory findings were analyzed in these
      patients. The diagnostic contribution of some examination methods was evaluated
      (laparoscopy with the aimed liver biopsy in 50% of the cases, isotopic methods in
      34.6% of cases, roentgenologic methods in 36.0% of cases, detection of alpha-1
      fetoprotein in serum in 55.5% of cases). The analysis of causes of death was also
      performed. Histologic classification proved the hepatocellular carcinoma in 94.6
      per cent of patients, the cholangiocellular carcinoma was found only in 4
      patients. The agreement of clinical diagnoses with the pathologic-anatomical
      diagnosis was found in 70.6% of cases.

PMID- 181941
TI  - Perivascular lymphocytic cuffing in astrocytomas.
AB  - A series of cases of astrocytoma of differing cell composition and degree of
      malignancy was examined for the presence of reactive perivascular cuffing. Only
      surgical biopsy material was used. A correlation was made between perivascular
      lymphocyte cuffing and the presence of neoplastic astrocytes of the gemistocytic
      type.

PMID- 181942
TI  - [Syndrome of ectopic ACTH].

PMID- 181943
TI  - Production of human lens capsule illustrated by a case of chronic lenticular
      chalcosis.
AB  - The osmiophilic  capsular inclusion bodies in a case of  accidental lenticular
      chalcosis have been used as an in vivo indicator of capsular production. Copper
      stimulation and hence inclusion impregnation lasted 5 years and was stopped 2
      years before removal of the lens by extraction of a foreign body. The amount of
      capsule produced in the two year period varied at different locations but it
      greatly exceeded the previously measured quantities. A capsular turnover is
      postulated with a capsular production by the epithelial cells and a surface
      resorption process. The production rate is considered to be relatively high in
      childhood and gradually subsides with increasing age.

PMID- 181944
TI  - Bacteria in hip surgery. A study of routine aerobic and anaerobic cultivation
      from skin and closed suction wound drains.
AB  - One hundred and seven patients with closed suction wound drains after hip surgery
      were investigated with regard to bacteria in the drain. In one-third of the cases
      bacterial contamination of the wound was found. In more than half the total
      number of cases the bacteria in the wound were not identical with those found on
      the skin, either pre- or post-operatively. Anaerobe bacteria occurred only in one
      case. Penicillin administration considerably reduced the frequency of positive
      cultures. These findings support the prophylactic use of antibiotics in the
      prevention of late infections in endoprosthesis operations even when the early
      infection rate is satisfactorily low.

PMID- 181946
TI  - Binding of digitoxin and digoxin to normal human beta-lipoproteins.

PMID- 181945
TI  - Chlorpromazine and hormonal elevation of cyclic AMP contents in turkey
      erythrocytes and in perfused rat heart and liver.

PMID- 181947
TI  - Positive inotropic effect without cyclic AMP elevation after alpha-adrenergic
      stimulation of perfused hearts from hypothyroid rats.

PMID- 181948
TI  - Ion-pair chromatography of phenylacetic acid derivatives and other hydrophilic
      carboxylic acids of physiological importance on micro silica particles.

PMID- 181949
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of induction of pinocytosis in Amoeba proteus.

PMID- 181950
TI  - On the functional role of pre- and postsynaptic catecholamine receptors in brain.

PMID- 181952
TI  - A variant of Poland syndrome: report of case.
AB  - A variant case of Poland syndrome is reported, with the patient presenting major
      unilateral anomalies in the sternocostal head of the left pectoralis major muscle
      and a shorter left arm and hand. No pre-natal history of attempted abortion or
      using toxic or teratogenic drugs could be elicited. The variability of the upper
      extremity anomalies and the frequency of major ipsilateral defects of the
      skeletal and genite-urinary systems, the associated diseases, and the diagnosis
      and management of these patients are briefly discussed.

PMID- 181951
TI  - Elimination of water-soluble contrast media from the subarachnoid space.
      Investigation with computer tomography.
AB  - Contrast media injected into the subarachnoid space may be eliminated in two
      different ways, by diffusion through the meningeal membranes or by transport
      through these CSF pathways. The latter mode of transport may be examined using
      computer assisted tomography of the head. Diffusion predominants with contrast
      media of low molecular weight, such as methiodal sodium. The transport through
      the CSF cihculation increases when contrast media of high molecular weight such
      as meglumine iocarmate and metrizamide are used.

PMID- 181953
TI  - [Angiofibroma of the nasopharynx].

PMID- 181954
TI  - [Incidence and clinical features of pituitary tumours in cases of central
      Cushing's syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - Approximately 10% of all patients with untreated central Cushing's syndromes have
      clinically verifiable tumours of the pituitary. After bilateral adrenalectomy 10
      to 20% of patients with apparently normal pre-operative pituitary glands develop
      clinically and roentgenologically demonstrable pituitary tumours, of the so
      called Nelson type. These are usually very active chromophobe adenomas which are
      dangerous because they expand rapidly. They secretee considerable amounts of ACTH
      and MSH. A typical case is described.

PMID- 181956
TI  - Transport of adenine derivatives in tissues of the brain.

PMID- 181955
TI  - [Postoperative radiological control in space occupying lesions of the sellar
      region (author's transl)].
AB  - Different methods of postoperative radiological examination of space occupying
      lesions of the sellar region are discussed with regard to early diagnosis of
      recurrences. The important role of regular controls by lateral radiographs of the
      skull is stressed in this follow up survey of 164 cases over a period of 23
      years. Comparisons of radiographs over a period showed in 80% of our cases
      whether there was a tumour recurrence or not. Radiological changes in the area of
      the sella can be demonstrated more clearly by the use of magnified lateral
      radiographs and a centimetre rule. With regard to frequency and time of
      recurrence, 40% of first recurrences were found after 5 years, so periodic
      radiographic follow up X-ray examinations should be carried out six monthly
      intially, and later at twelve month intervals. Examples are demonstrated.
      Intraoperative marking of the diaphragm and dorsum sellae with gold foil for
      later control radiography is evaluated. Today, space occupying lesions, including
      intrasellar pituitary tumours, can be clearly demonstrated with the CT scan after
      i.v. injection of contrast medium to intensity the shadow of the tumour tissue.

PMID- 181958
TI  - Effect of P-lipase C on the structure and function of mitochondria and sonic
      fragments.

PMID- 181957
TI  - Transport of amino acids and catecholamines in relation to metabolism and
      transmission.

PMID- 181959
TI  - The role of choline kinase in the brain.

PMID- 181960
TI  - The effects of neurotransmitters and cyclic nucleotides on the metabolism of
      phospholipids in synaptic membranes of brain.

PMID- 181961
TI  - Phosphatidylinositol metabolism and myoinositol 1, 2-cyclic phosphate action in
      smooth muscle.

PMID- 181963
TI  - Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotic organisms.

PMID- 181962
TI  - Phospholipid-induced modifications in the brain of animals fed with cholesterol
      supplemented diet.
AB  - 1) Cholesterol - enriched diet induces changes in the phospholipid fatty acids of
      particulate fractions and modifications in the membrane-bound enzyme: 2) BC-PL
      (100 mg/kg i.p., as shown in rabbits) prevent cholesterol-induced modifications
      at brain level: 3)BC-PL (100 mg/kg i.v., as shown in mice) have a recovery effect
      on the cholesterol-induced modification at brain level; 4) It is suggested that
      some atherosclerotic lesions are analogous to those reproduced by anoxia; 5) It
      is suggested that the effect of BC-PL is a direct action at the level of the
      brain cellular membranes.

PMID- 181964
TI  - The cell cycle and the control of cellular reproduction.

PMID- 181965
TI  - Familial syndrome with dystonia, neural deafness, and possible intellectual
      impairment: clinical course and pathological findings.

PMID- 181966
TI  - The regulatory role of steroid hormones on the PGF/PGE ratio in target tissues.
AB  - Estrogen has been found to regulate cyclic nucleotide and prostaglandin levels in
      the rat uterus. This action of estrogen is associated with a simultaneous rise in
      cyclic GMP and PFG levels. Alterations in PG levels are either independent of or
      secondary to the formation of cyclic GMP. The mechanism by which estrogen induces
      the rise in uterine PGFs, although not precisely defined, is associated with
      alterations of the enzymes rather than of the substrates involved with
      prostglandin synthesis.

PMID- 181968
TI  - Dissociation of phagocytosis, metabolic stimulation and lysosomal enzyme release
      in human leukocytes.
AB  - In this paper studies are reported concerning the relationship between particle
      binding to the plasma membrane of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's),
      phagocytosis, generation of oxidative metabolites, and the release of lysosomal
      enzymes by these cells. Superoxide (O2-) generation by, and lysosomal enzyme
      release from, normal PMN's and cytochalasin B-treated cells were measured. We
      have found that neither phagocytosis nor lysosomal degranulation are
      prerequisites for enhanced O2- generation. Cytochalasin B-treated PMN's,
      incapable of ingesting particles but still able to bind particles to membrane
      receptors, generated enhanced amounts of O2- when treated with serum-treated
      zymosan (STZ), a C3b receptor stimulus, or with aggregated IgG (agg IgG), an Fc
      receptor stimulus. Moreover, the soluble stimulators complement component C5a,
      phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and calcium ions in the presence of the
      ionophore A23187, also increased the O2- production of these cells. In all cases
      a time and dose-dependent stimulation was found of both the O2- generation and
      the lysosomal enzyme release, but there was no correlation between ability of any
      stimulus to provoke enzyme release and its ability to stimulate O2- generation.
      When PMN's were preincubated with 5 X 10(-4) M hydrocortisone-Na-succinate,
      lysosomal enzyme exocytosis with the immune reactants was inhibited 16-35%.
      Hydrocortisone also inhibited O2- generation, except when STZ was used as the
      stimulus. Thus, in the case of stimulation of functional processes of PMN's via
      the C3b receptor, hydrocortisone inhibits membrane fusion without interfering
      with one of the early biochemical events (O2-production).

PMID- 181967
TI  - Mechanisms by which leukocytes emigrate and induce tissue destruction.
AB  - Chronic inflammatory reactions are characterized by emigration of leukocytes to
      chemotactic stimuli and the subsequent release of intracellular enzymes which
      propogate the inflammatory reaction and cause tissue injury. The adoptive
      transfer of isologous 51Cr labeled leukocytes was used as a model to dissect the
      cellular mechanisms involved in cell accumulation to the site of immune complex
      or complement mediated inflammatory reactions. An intact microtubular system was
      necessary only for neutrophil emigration whereas cell membrane integrity was
      necessary for mononuclear cell but not neutrophil accumulation in vivo. The
      accumulation of both cell types was inhibited following phagocytosis or in the
      presence of corticosteroids. Release of protein polysaccharide degrading neutral
      protease activity from leukocytes in the presence of immune complexes was
      dependent upon intact microtubular activity and cell membrane integrity since
      agents affecting these systems inhibited enzyme release. Conversely collagenase
      activity released from leukocytes under the same conditions was not inhibited by
      these agents. Evidence will be presented indicating that the emigration of
      specific cell types and the release of selected enzyme systems are controlled by
      separate and distinct mechanistic pathways.

PMID- 181969
TI  - Collagen in granulation tissues.
AB  - Collagen is abundantly synthesized in granulation tissues and reaches a
      concentration higher than in normal neighbouring tissues. Such newly formed
      collagen is characterized by an abnormally low solubility and an easy degradation
      by collagenases and collagenolytic cathepsins. The activities of these two types
      of enzymes are high (especially collagenases) in tissues of acute inflammations
      when the granuloma is resorbing. These activities are lower in sub-acute
      inflammation and the collagen content of the persistent granuloma remains high.
      The collagen synthesized in granulation tissues is cross linked by hydroxylysino
      5-keto-norleucine, the stable cross-link of collagen in embryonic skin. It is
      progressively replaced by the two aldimine cross links of normal adult skin when
      the granuloma is resorbed (acute inflammations induced in rats; human normal
      scars). The cross link of embryonic skin, on the contrary, is permanently present
      in collagen of tissues of subacute, chronic inflammations (sponge implants in
      rats, human hypertrophic scars and keloids. Studies of the structure of alpha
      chains revealed that type III collagen (embryonic collagen) is present in
      granulation tissues.

PMID- 181970
TI  - Anti-inflammatory models in animals.
AB  - The pleural cavity of rats and guinea-pigs has been utilized to study the
      inflammatory response to immediate hypersensitivity, delayed hypersensitivity,
      calcium pyrophosphate and carrageenan. The mediators will be described and their
      possible interaction with cyclic AMP. Finally the effect of some anti
      inflammatory agents on these models will be discussed.

PMID- 181973
TI  - Glycoproteins and their relationship to connective tissue.

PMID- 181972
TI  - Adjuvant disease induced by mycobacteria, determinants of arthritogenicity.
AB  - Genetic, endocrine and immunological factors are probably involved in adjuvant
      polyarthritis. The nature of the vehicle and of the mycobacterial components
      administered also has a major influence. It was originally assumed that
      arthritogenicity and adjuvanticity of mycobacterial fractions such as wax D were
      intimately related. Our previous findings showed that the water soluble adjuvant
      (WSA) of M.smegmatis which could substitute for mycobacterial cells in Freund's
      complete adjuvant and induce delayed hypersensitivity was not arthritogenic in
      the Wistar rat. We have since observed that auto-immune diseases could be
      elicited by WSA. Therefore experiments were repeated using the very susceptible
      Lewis strain. The activity of cord factor and of various mycobacterial
      preparations suspended in mineral or in peanut oil was also evaluated in mice and
      in normal or hypophysectomized rats. Our present findings confirm the absence of
      arthritogenicity of WSA in the Lewis strain. They also indicate that cord factor
      with WSA does not suffice to induce a generalized adjuvant disease, but that a
      mycobacterial component which could be susceptible to lysozyme treatment is
      required also. However, the local inflammation of the injected limb was produced
      by a preparation of cord factor administered in mineral or even in peanut oil.
      This was observed in normal or hypophysectomized rats and in Swiss mice which
      were not susceptible to the generalized disease.

PMID- 181974
TI  - Experimental infection of lambs with a sheep adenovirus isolate closely related
      to type-2 bovine adenovirus. II. Postmortem and histopathological examinations.

PMID- 181975
TI  - A comparative examination of swine sera for antibody to Aujeszky virus with the
      conventional and a modified virus-serum neutralization test and a modified direct
      complement fixation test.

PMID- 181971
TI  - The macrophage as a secretory cell in chronic inflammation.
AB  - Although it is clear that macrophages are always present at sites of chronic
      inflammation their contribution to the evolution of these lesions is not well
      understood. In vitro studies have shown that macrophages secrete a variety of
      products on exposure to different stimuli. These include hydrolytic enzymes,
      active at acid or neutral pH, with known capacity for degrading tissue
      constituents. Lysosomal acid hydrolases are released from viable cells over a
      prolonged period of time by various agents known to cause, or are associated
      with, chronic inflammation. These agents may be nonimmunogenic substances, such
      as carrageenan and asbestos, which interact directly with macrophages or
      alternatively the products of immune reactions involving either B or T
      lymphocytes. These lymphocyte products include immune complexes of certain
      composition and the secreted products of T lymphocytes stimulated by nonspecific
      mitogens or specific antigens. In marked contrast biologically inactive
      substances such as latex particles or digestible substrates such as erythrocytes
      do not induce the selective release of acid hydrolases from macrophages. It is
      clear that alghough macrophages secrete abundant amounts of neutral proteinases
      under certain conditions this release does not occur necessarily during the
      release of acid hydrolases induced by inflammatory agents. The role played by
      acid and neutral hydrolases secreted by macrophages during the various stages of
      chronic inflammatory responses remains to be clarified.

PMID- 181976
TI  - Glycogenosis type III in the dog.

PMID- 181977
TI  - Cardiac dysrhythmias in the conscious dog after surgically induced autonomic
      imbalance.
AB  - The ventrolateral cardiac nerve in the dog is a primary branch of the left
      sympathetics and represents a direct neural link between the central nervous
      system and the heart. Its electric excitation elicits characteristic shifts in
      pacemaker and tachydysrhythmias related to its explicit innervation of the
      inferior atrial, atrioventricular (A-V) junctional and ventricular tissues. Total
      denervation of the canine heart, sparing the ventrolateral cardiac nerve,
      produced a long-term model in which only these portions of the heart retained
      their sympathetic innervation. The trained unanesthetized model dog was subjected
      to severe exercise in order to determine the effects of elevated levels of
      sympathetic tone upon these important regions of the conduction system.
      Reproducible tachydysrhythmias were elicited in all six animals completing the
      regimen of periodic testing over a period of 136 to 378 days after operation. The
      abnormal rhythms consisted of shifting cardiac pacemakers and supraventricular A
      V junctional and ventricular tachycardias with frequent premature systoles.
      Comparable abnormalities were not observed in a similarly tested sham-operated
      animal or in dogs with a totally denervated heart. The exercise-induced
      dysrhythmias gradually disappeared with time, presumably in relation to autonomic
      reinnervation of the heart. The characteristic patterns of ventrolateral cardiac
      nerve and upon its presumed influence upon Purkinje fiber and A-V nodal
      automaticity and temporal dispersion of refractoriness in myocardial tissues.

PMID- 181978
TI  - Effect of dietary control and exercise training on daily food intake and serum
      lipids in postmyocardial infarction patients.
AB  - The effects of 12 weeks of exercise training without dietary control (n = 30) and
      exercise training with dietary control by dietition counseling (n = 30) and
      exercise training with dietary control by dietition counseling (n = 30) on serum
      cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and total substrate contents were studied in 60
      postmyocardial infarction patients. Both groups showed reductions (P less than
      0.01) in mean total daily kilocalories consumed (2867 +/- 82 versus 2088 +/- 77
      and 2848 +/- 15 versus 1285 +/- 68, respectively); however, no significant change
      occurred in total body weight. The dietary control group consumed relatively more
      kilocalories as protein than the group without dietary control (285 of 1,285
      versus 389 of 2,088, respectively) and less (P less than 0.05) as fat (443 of
      1285 versus 804 of 2,089, respectively). Both groups had lower (P less than 0.01)
      mean daily dietary cholesterol after 12 weeks (811 +/- 44 versus 232 +/- 17 mg)
      versus (325 +/- 18 versus 309 +/- 23 mg, respectively). A reduction in serum
      cholesterol (P less than 0.05) was seen in the dietary control group (270 +/- 8
      versus 243 +/- 7 mg/dl) but not in the group without dietary control (260 +/- 6
      versus 261 +/- 7 mg/dl). The dietary control group had a lower mean triglyceride
      level (P less than 0.05) (229 +/- 24 versus 155 +/- 18 mg/dl)) but no differences
      were seen in the group without dietary control (189 +/- 15 versus 180 +/- 13
      mg/dl). It is concluded that significant reductions in caloric intake and daily
      cholesterol compliment the effects of exercise training in postmyocardial
      infarction patients by increasing substrate protein:fat consumption ratio and by
      reducing serum cholesterol and triglycerides. These effects are not seen with
      exercise training alone.

PMID- 181979
TI  - Ultrastructure of the human breast and its disorders.
AB  - The extant literature pertaining to the ultrastructural features of disorders of
      the human breast is reviewed and annotated with findings derived from a personal
      study of 82 patients whose specimens encompassed a wide variety of such lesions.
      In addition, observations of lesions heretofore undescribed are presented.

PMID- 181981
TI  - A sensitive fluorimetric assay for serum angiotensin-converting enzyme.
AB  - A simple, rapid, highly sensitive and reproducible assay for angiotensin
      converting enzyme in untreated serum is described. It is based on the conversion
      of the substrate analog, hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine (5 mM in 0.1 M K
      phosphate, pH 8.3-0.3 M NaCl) to hippurate and L-histidyl-L-leucine, which is
      quantified spectrofluorimetrically (lamdba excitation = 360 nm; lamdba
      fluorescence = 500 nm) by formation of a fluorescent adduct with
      ophthaldialdehyde. The chloride requirement and inhibition and activation
      patterns correspond to those for angiotensin-converting enzyme. The Km for
      hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine was 1.33 mM. The mean value of serum angiotensin
      converting enzyme for 58 normal human subjects (mean age, 32 years; range 19-57)
      was 32.2 +/- 1.30 (SE), with a standard deviation of 9.87 nmol/min/ml serum. The
      assay is useful for the diagnosis and possible management of sarcoidosis and may
      have other applications in the future.

PMID- 181980
TI  - Cytodifferentiated renal tumors occurring with Wilms' tumors of the opposite
      kidneys: report of two cases.
AB  - The most common differentiated renal tumor of early childhood is the congenital
      mesoblastic neophroma. Well-differentiated forms of Wilms' tumor may present a
      difficult differential diagnosis from these benign neoplasms. The cases of two
      patients found to have well-differentiated renal neoplasms after being treated
      for Wilms' tumor of the opposite kidneys are reported. The second neoplasms were
      composed of a benign-appearing stroma with mature skeletal muscle and completely
      lacked any embryonal, nephroblastic tissue. These benign-appearing neoplasms may
      be cytodifferentiated variants of Wilms' tumor. Though tumors of this type may
      have a malignant potential, there is evidence to indicate that they may be
      approached more conservatively than the usual nephroblastoma. In cases of
      bilateral Wilms' tumor, well-differentiated tumors might be treated by partial
      nephrectomy alone, with careful preservation of functional renal tissue.

PMID- 181982
TI  - Meningitis due to combined infections. Association of Haemophilus influenzae type
      B and Clostridium perfringens.
AB  - Haemophilus influenzae type B and Clostridium perfringens were recovered
      simultaneously from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with purulent
      meningitis. No antecedent history of head trauma was present to explain the
      coexistence of the anaerobe with Haemophilus organisms. A review of the
      literature on mixed meningitis indicates that no previous cases of anaerobes have
      been reported in uncomplicated meningitis due to multiple organisms. In addition,
      the recovery of clostridia is extremely unusual in the absence of an identifiable
      portal of entry. We have identified two additional cases of clostridia infection
      in the central nervous system and recommend that anaerobic organisms be
      considered in selected cases of meningitis.

PMID- 181983
TI  - Abnormal vitamin D metabolism in patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - To assess the role of hepatic function and alcohol on vitamin D metabolism, serum
      25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels were measured in 20 healthy nonalcoholic
      control subjects, 31 "inactive" cirrhotics whose alcoholism was in remission, 8
      alcoholic cirrhotics, and 15 alcoholics with normal liver function. Cirrhosis but
      not alcoholism, was assoicated with low serum 25-OHD levels. The aminopyrine
      breath test (ABT) was performed because aminopyrine, like vitamin D3, is
      metabolized by hepatic microsomes; the ABT correlated highly (r = 0.74, rho less
      than 0.01) with serum 25-OHD in the inactive cirrhotics. After an intravenous
      injection of 120 mug vitamin D3, serum 25-OHD rose significantly within 24 hr in
      6 healthy controls and 2 patients with celiac disease but not in 6 inactive
      cirrhotics. The data suggest impaired 25-hydroxylation of vitamin-D impaired in
      patients with cirrhosis, related predominantly to the degree of hepatic
      dysfunction.

PMID- 181984
TI  - Vaccine-associated poliomyelitis in the United States, 1961-1972.
AB  - Although poliovirus vaccines have led to a dramatic reduction in the incidence of
      poliomyelitis in the United States, there is evidence that vaccine-related cases
      have occurred in both vaccine recipients (recipient cases) and their contacts
      (contact cases) and that the incidence and epidemiologic characteristics of these
      cases in the 12-year period 1961-1972 have changed. Before 1965, there were 63
      recipient cases compared with only 16 between 1965 and 1972. These latter cases
      were in younger persons and were more frequently associated with trivalent oral
      poliovirus vaccine (TOPV) than the former cases. Both groups were predominantly
      male and had intervals between immunization and onset of illness that clustered
      between 7 and 21 days. Only three contact cases were recognized before 1965,
      compared with 39 cases in 1965-1972. The increase was in both children and
      adults. Unlike recipient cases, contact cases were almost as frequent in females
      as in males. Evidence that the contact cases were vaccine-related included the
      apparent clustering between 20 and 29 days of the intervals from vaccine
      administration to onset of illness and the significantly increased frequency of
      longer intervals for contact cases in non-household members compared with contact
      cases in household members. The decrease in recipient cases and the increase in
      contact cases in 1965-1972 compared with the previous 3-year period are explained
      by the general curtailing of routine vaccination of adults after 1964, a switch
      from monovalent oral polio vaccine to TOPV, improved recognition of contact cases
      and a shift in emphasis from mass vaccination campaigns and communitywide
      programs to routine vaccination of infants.

PMID- 181985
TI  - Renal responses to PTH in patients with hormone-resistant (pseudo)
      hypoparathyroidism.
AB  - Five patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism were compared to normal subjects and
      patients with hypoparathyroidism in their ability to respond to the infusion of
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) by altering excretion of calcium, sodium, potassium,
      phosphate and bicarbonate. In patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism, impairment
      in renal responses to PTH was more generalized than has been recognized. The
      patterns of response varied from patient to patient. The most commonly observed
      abnormality, aside from lack of increase in urinary cyclic adenosine 5'
      monophosphate (AMP) was failure to decrease the calcium to sodium clearance
      ratio, and indication of impaired renal calcium reabsorption. The responses which
      most closely approximated normal, including a normal decrease in the calcium to
      sodium clearance ratio, occurred in a patient (Case 1) who had the largest,
      although impaired, response in cyclic AMP excretion. Conversely, the most
      abnormal responses occurred in three patients (Cases 2, 4 and 5) who had the
      smallest increases in cyclic AMP excretion after the administration of PTH. The
      impaired renal reabsorption of calcium after the administration of PTH (lack of
      decrease in calcium to sodium clearance ratio) may, when present, be in part
      responsible for hypocalcemia.

PMID- 181987
TI  - Timely topics in microbiology: viruses, 1973 I.

PMID- 181986
TI  - Male pseudohermaphroditism: the complexities of male phenotypic development.

PMID- 181988
TI  - Hydramnion and fetal renal anomalies.
AB  - Four instances of hydramnion associated with renal anomalies are reported: two
      patients had obstructive uropathies and two had a neoplastic type of renal
      dysplasia. In two infants water concentration tests revealed a defect in water
      concentrating ability. It is postulated that the observed hydramnion resulted
      from fetal polyuria. In patients with unexplained hydramnion a search for renal
      anomalies is indicated.

PMID- 181989
TI  - Initiation of human parturition. IV. Demonstration of phospholipase A2 in the
      lysosomes of human fetal membranes.
AB  - In this study we sought to define the subcellular localization of phospholipase
      A2 in human fetal membranes. Others have postulated a role for decidual lysosomes
      in the initiation of human parturition. We hypothesized that if phospholipase A2
      were localized within lysosomes of fetal membranes the accelerated expression of
      the activity of this enzyme could be prevented until such time as the metabolic
      events of parturition begin. At parturition a perturbation of the lysosomal
      membrane within the chorio-amnion could result in an increased release of free
      arachidonic acid through an accelerated activity of phospholipase A2. The results
      of this study suggest that at least a portion of phospholipase A2 in the chorion
      laeve and amnion is localized in the lysosomal fraction.

PMID- 181991
TI  - Adrenocorticotropic hormone in human fetal blood at delivery.
AB  - Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in umbilical arterial and
      venous plasma were measured in newborn infants delivered both vaginally and by
      cesarean section. Mean ACTH was significantly higher in the arterial (602.0 pg.
      per milliliter) than venous (261.5 pg. per milliliter) plasma in vaginal
      deliveries (pless than 0.01). Arterial plasma of babies born by elective cesarean
      section before initiation of labor contained less ACTH (384.7 pg. per milliliter)
      when compared to those delivered after labor had started (698.7 pg. per
      milliliter). Serial determinations of ACTH in pooled fetal blood obtained during
      labor showed that the average hormone titers increased significantly from first
      stage (295.2 pg. per milliliter) to second stage of labor (440.5 pg. per
      milliliter), and reached a peak at delivery (645.4 pg. per milliliter). The
      pituitary gland of the fetus at midtrimester contained ACTH. Possible mechanisms
      for fetal secretion of ACTH at delivery are discussed.

PMID- 181990
TI  - Reproductive performance of women successfully treated for gestational
      trophoblastic tumors.
AB  - The reproductive performance of 36 women who had been successfully treated for
      gestational trophoblastic tumors with multiple courses of cytotoxic agents
      including methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, actinomycin D, and 6-azauridine,
      between 1962 and 1972, has been studied in comparison with 36 patients who had
      spontaneously aborted a hydatidiform mole but received no treatment and a control
      group consisting of 36 women attending an antenatal clinic. The majority of
      patients who wanted further pregnancies following chemotherapy had one or more
      successful conceptions. The incidence of abnormal pregnancies in the treated
      group was higher than that of the control group. Similarly, there was a higher
      number of abnormal pregnancies in the untreated mole patients when compared with
      the control group. This suggests that patients who develop trophoblastic tumors
      tend to have a poor obstetric history and that this is not significantly worsened
      by chemotherapy.

PMID- 181992
TI  - Some notes on the background of the isolation, determination of structure,
      synthesis, and early clinical trials of the luteinizing hormone- and follicle
      stimulating hormone-releasing hormone.

PMID- 181994
TI  - Pathology of chronic Bolivian hemorrhagic fever in the rhesus monkey.
AB  - Gross and microscopic lesions of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF) are described
      in 10 rhesus monkeys that survived from 30 to 78 days after subcutaneous
      inoculation with a dose of 10(3) plaque-forming units (PFU) of Machupo virus, a
      dose which produces a severe and generally fatal disease. Six of the monkeys had
      been given low doses of homologous immune globulin when initial signs of
      infection appeared. Monkeys exhibited clinical signs in two phases. The initial
      signs of acute infection which began to appear about 1 week following inoculation
      included: diarrhea, depression, anorexia, dehydration, and skin rash. The
      survivors of this early phase of the illness usually showed improvement before
      relapsing into the second (or chronic) phase, which was characterized clinically
      by central nervous system disturbances including incoordination, tremors,
      convulsions, paresis, and muscle atrophy. Microscopic lesions were similar in
      both immune globulin-treated and untreated animals. These included widespread
      lymphoreticular infiltrates in the walls and adventitia of blood vessels of the
      brain, spinal cord, pancreas, intestine, liver kidney, adrenal, parathyroid,
      heart, and skeletal muscle. Diffuse lymphocytic infiltrates not confined to the
      vascular or perivascular tissues were present to a variable degree in many of
      these and other organs. Several monkeys exhibited lymphocytic inflammation of the
      choroid, meninges, peripheral nerves, and ganglia.

PMID- 181996
TI  - Differences in the provision of mental health services by race.
AB  - A study of a newly mandated crisis clinic still shows the signs of a different
      quality of service offered to Third World clients. Black men in the present study
      had difficulty in obtaining the most needed and most preferred services. Reasons
      for the disparity in services appear to be institutional.

PMID- 181997
TI  - The value of systemic arterial heparinization in transfemoral angiography: a
      prospective study.

PMID- 181998
TI  - Aortoenteric and paraprosthetic-enteric fistulas: radiologic findings.
AB  - Ten cases of graft-intestinal fistulas occurred in 712 patients who had undergone
      abdominal aortic reconstructive surgery. Radiographic abnormalities were
      demonstrated in eight--three by conventional barium gastrointestinal examinations
      and five by angiography. A high index of suspicion of the condition and an
      aggressive radiologic workup are recommended.

PMID- 181999
TI  - Angiography of mediastinal parathyroid adenomas.
AB  - Two cases with mediastinal parathyroid adenomas are presented. Both patients had
      undergone previous unsuccessful neck explorations. Angiography correctly
      localized the parathyroid adenomas in each case, substantiating the value of
      parathyroid angiography in mediastinal tumors.

PMID- 182000
TI  - Systemic to pulmonary venous communication in the superior vena caval syndrome.
AB  - A case of superior vena caval obstruction due to bronchogenic carcinoma is
      presented. Upper extremity venography demonstrated shunting of contrast media
      from systemic veins to the right pulmonary veins. This collateral pathway has
      been previously described in the superior vena caval syndrome. A proposed
      mechanism for this flow pattern is discussed.

PMID- 181995
TI  - The cytopathology of the respiratory tract. A review.

PMID- 182001
TI  - Pseudocavitary granulomas of the lung.
AB  - Due to the high lipid content of the caseous material in granulomas of the lung,
      these lesions may radiographically mimic truly cavitated pulmonary neoplasms or
      granulomas. Four cases of pseudocavitation within granulomas of the lung are
      presented along with their clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features. In
      all four cases diagnosis was made only after surgery.

PMID- 182002
TI  - Percutaneous spot localization of nonpalpable breast lesions.
AB  - The spot method of localization is applied to nonpalpable breast lesions detected
      at mammography. This percutaneous procedure is easy to perform, comfortable for
      the patient, and highly accurate in facilitating surgical excision of the
      smallest amount of breast tissue for microscopic examination.

PMID- 182003
TI  - Double-blind comparison of meglumine lodoxamate (Cholovue) and meglumine
      iodipamide (Cholografin).
AB  - A double-blind comparison of two intravenous cholangiocholecystographic agents of
      similar molecular structure, meglumine iodoxamate and meglumine iodipamide, was
      carried out in 90 patients. Each produced a comparably high percentage of
      satisfactory examinations. A similar pattern of excretion speed and intensity was
      noted for each, though meglumine iodoxamate appeared to be slightly more
      effective in patients with elevated serum bilirubin. Less evidence of hepatic
      toxicity and fewer and less serious adverse side effects were observed in
      patients given the newer agent, meglumine iodoxamate.

PMID- 182004
TI  - Lymphoreticular hyperplasia of the stomach (pseudolymphoma).
AB  - Three histologically proved cases of gastric lymphoreticular hyperplasia with
      long term follow-up are reported. This condition is often confused radiologically
      with ulcerating carcinoma and pathologically with malignant lymphoma. The
      presence of a large ulcer surrounded by a mass and associated with thick rugal
      folds and additional gastric or duodenal ulcers is not diagnostic but should
      suggest the possibility of this condition.

PMID- 182005
TI  - Cholecystokinetic cholecystography: efficacy and tolerance study of sincalide.
AB  - The intravenous administration of sincalide, the C-terminal octapeptide fragment
      of cholecystokinin, affords safe and effective means for gallbladder contraction
      with resultant cystic and common bile duct visualization. Intravenous sincalide
      circumvents the problem of unpredictability of response of the gallbladder to a
      fatty meal and variability in the rate of release of endogenous cholecystokinin.
      Peak gallbladder contraction occurs earlier than with a fatty meal.

PMID- 182006
TI  - Colonic changes of herpes zoster.
AB  - The lesions of herpes zoster of the colon were observed in three cases. Small
      polygonal mucosal blebs or small ulcerations involving a short segment of the
      colon and appearing in a reasonable time relationship with the cutaneous
      manifestations either in a corresponding or noncorresponding dermatome should
      enable diagnosis of this unusual condition. Recognition of this entity in the
      presence of these skin lesions should be obvious and therefore helpful in
      avoiding more aggressive and invasive diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 182007
TI  - Anomalies of the craniovertebral border.
AB  - Pertinent embryology is reviewed as a background for understanding anomalies of
      the craniovertebral border. These anomalies constitute a variable spectrum due
      either to incomplete assimilation or abnormal fusion.

PMID- 182008
TI  - An early rim sign in neonatal adrenal hemorrhage.
AB  - Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage can usually be diagnosed on excretory urography
      without resorting to surgical exploration or invasive diagnostic procedures. In
      the typical case an avascular mass is seen between the liver and kidney. A case
      is presented in which a vascular rim surrounded the avascular mass, giving an
      appearance similar to that of an obstructed upper pole renal duplication. This
      early vascular rim, not as well known as the calcified rim which develops days to
      weeks after the acute hemorrhage, is probably created by compression and
      displacement of adrenal tissue by the central hemorrhage.

PMID- 182009
TI  - Autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord lesions: complication of
      voiding cystourethrography and lleal loopography.
AB  - Autonomic dysteflexia is a pathologic reflex which occurs in patients with a
      spinal cord lesion above T7. The most dangerous manifestation of this reflex is
      marked increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The trigger is the
      distension of the urinary bladder, urethra, rectum, or intestine. It can and does
      occur during radiological examinations such as cystourethrography, loopography,
      and probably during the barium enema. Because of possible deleterious
      consequences of marked hypertension, blood pressures in these patients should be
      continuously monitored during the examinations and appropriate measures
      immediately instituted should the reaction occur.

PMID- 182010
TI  - Roentgenologic abnormalities of the urinary bladder secondary to Crohn's disease.
AB  - Urinary tract symptoms and signs may result from secondary involvement of the
      urinary bladder in patients with Crohn's disease. In a small but significant
      proportion of these individuals, urinary tract symptoms represent the initial or
      predominant mode of presentation. Such patients may be erroneously treated for
      primary infection of the lower urinary tract for prolonged periods before the
      intestinal origin of the disease process is discovered. Roentgenologic
      abnormalities of the urinary bladder may provide early and important clues to the
      correct DIAGNOSIS. The various abnormalities of the urinary bladder which may
      occur secondary to Crohn's disease are described and illustrated, and the
      roentgenologic differential diagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 182011
TI  - Unilateral hematocolpos and ipsilateral renal agenesis: report of two cases and
      review of the literature.
AB  - Two cases are presented of a partially duplicated vagina characterized by a one
      sided hematocolpos associated with renal agenesis on the same side. A review of
      the English literature reveals 39 previously reported cases. Invariably this
      complex of anomalies is seen in adolescents and young women with progressively
      severe abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities, and a pelvic mass. It is
      important to make an early accurate diagnosis since they are usually managed as
      having an ovarian mass and submitted to multiple laparotomies and occasionally to
      mutilating surgery. An analysis is presented of the salient embryologic,
      clinical, and radiologic features of the 41 cases gathered. The need for
      definitive preoperative evaluation of both the urinary tract (urography and
      cystoscopy) and the genital tract (hysterosalpingography) cannot be
      overemphasized.

PMID- 182012
TI  - Gallium scanning in cerebral and cranial infections.
AB  - Eighteen patients with cranial or intracranial infections were studied with
      technetium and gallium brain scans. Seven of 18 lesions were noted with gallium
      and not with pertechnetate, while the reverse pattern was not seen. Brain
      abscesses were visualized with gallium but not with pertechnetate in two of five
      cases. Osteomyelitis of the skull and mastoiditis showed intense gallium uptake
      in all cases, meningitis or cerebritis gave inconsistent results.

PMID- 182013
TI  - Pseudocyst formation in acute pancreatitis: ultrasonographic evaluation of 99
      cases.
AB  - A total of 99 patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were
      studied by abdominal A- and B-mode ultrasonography in an effort to detect
      pseudocyst formation. Positive ultrasonic scans were noted in 52 cases. In three
      patients with positive sonography, surgical exploration did not demonstrate
      pseudocysts, giving a false positive rate of 8.3%. Of the negative studies four
      were proven incorrect at surgery or autopsy , yielding a false negative rate of
      8.5%. Approximately one-fifth with cystic lesions underwent spontaneous
      resolution. Three additional patients with pseudocysts had spontaneous cyst
      enteric fistulization demonstrated by radiography. The sensitivity and accuracy
      of pancreatic ultrasound demonstrated by this study established ultrasonography
      as the procedure of choice in detecting pseudocyst formation in patients with
      acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 182014
TI  - Preoperative radiation therapy in endometrial carcinoma: preliminary report of a
      clinical trial.
AB  - A total of 91 patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma who were referred
      for radiation prior to hysterectomy were randomly allocated to recieve either
      intracavitary or external bean irradiation. Total abdominal hysterectomy was done
      4-8 weeks later. The 53 patients who received intracavitary irradiation had an
      actuarial 5 year disease-free survival rate of 75%; the survival rate of the 38
      patients in the external beam group was 48%. Nine patients in the external beam
      group had recurrence or metastases compared to two in the intracavitary group.
      These recurrences were predominantly pelvic. Complications were also more
      frequent in the external beam group. These results demonstrate that intracavitary
      radiation is superior to external beam radiation using the regiments described.

PMID- 182015
TI  - The role of postoperative irradiation in the management of stage I adenocarcinoma
      of the endometrium.
AB  - A comparison of treatment protocols for endometrial carcinoma is presented. Valid
      conclusions regarding optimum approach are virtually precluded because of
      variability of such factors as clinical staging, incidence of vaginal metastases,
      patient selection, and histologic grade. While hysterectomy is the established
      definitive treatement, the superiority of adjuvant irradiation can be
      demonstrated only by randomized prospective studies.

PMID- 182016
TI  - Fast neutron beam radiotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with glioblastoma multiforme were treated with fast neutron
      beam irradiation of the whole brain. Therapy was well tolerated up to calculated
      doses of 1.850 radn+y in 12-18 increments over 6 weeks. The survival rate 6 month
      after initiation of treatment was 62%, not significantly different from
      conventional photon therapy; average posttreatment survival appears to be
      shortened compared to photon therapy. No improvement or prolonged maintenance of
      existing neurologic function was observed. Autopsy findings in seven patients
      showed replacement of tumor by coagulative necrosis persisting at least 16 months
      posttreatment, paucity of tumor cells with infrequent mitosis, and suppression of
      macrophage response. These findings differ from those in conventionally
      irradiated patients. No treatment-related changes were documented by conventional
      gross and histologic studies of the irradiated brains distant from the tumors.
      Thus the deaths of patients in this study appear to be related to unexplained
      causes other than progressive growth of tumor.

PMID- 182018
TI  - Perforation of the nasopharynx by nasogastric intubation: a rare cause of left
      pleural effusion and pneumomediastinum.
AB  - A case of nasogastric tube perforation of the posterior nasopharynx producing a
      left pleural effusion and pneumomediastinum is reported. Findings which led to
      the correct diagnosis were the rapid appearance of a left pleural effusion
      simultaneous with the initiation of tube feedings, the intrathoracic location of
      the nasogastric tube, and demonstration of perforation of the posterior
      nasopharynx. Potentially hazardous intubation techniques are discussed.

PMID- 182017
TI  - Transformation delay of lymphocytes in patients undergoing radiation therapy.
AB  - Two types of assay systems to measure the effect of radiation on immune
      competence are described. The first, transformation, is measured by blast
      formation or uptake and incorporation of tritiated thymidine by lumphocytes. This
      measure is affected by a number of known cell responses to radiation such as
      division delay and delay in DNA synthesis. The second, called Bactec, is designed
      to measure lymphocyte metabolic acitivty. Data gathered on 37 patients with lung
      cancer show that the Bactec system provides a better index of the patient's
      immune status before and after radiation therapy.

PMID- 182019
TI  - Arthrographic diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis.
AB  - A case of synovial chondromatosis without plain film calcifications is presented.
      The arthrographic findings and differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 182020
TI  - Synovial osteochondromatosis involving the elbow.

PMID- 182021
TI  - A mobile calcified amputated appendix epiploica.

PMID- 182022
TI  - Carcinoma of the urachus.
AB  - Characteristic roentgenographic and anatomical features of a mucinous
      adenocarcinoma of the urachus were observed in two patients. Both presented with
      a midline anterior abdominal mass in the supravesicular area. The tumor contained
      fine stippled calcification in one case. The cystogram demonstrated an irregular
      filling defect in the bladder dome in the other case. Ultrasonographic
      examination in one case was helpful in delineating the nature, size, and location
      of the mass in detail.

PMID- 182023
TI  - Spinal needle with depth guide: a new design for simplifying subarachnoid
      injections.

PMID- 182024
TI  - Update on the independent radiation monitor (IRM).
AB  - The new independent radiation monitor (IRM), unlike its predecessor, is a
      reliable and sensitive safetly device for any radiation therapy room. It shows
      unequivovally that the beam is on, and it is inexpensive and simple to construct.

PMID- 182025
TI  - Editorial: The technologic imperative.

PMID- 182026
TI  - Richard Hall Chamberlain, 1915-1975.

PMID- 182027
TI  - Mammographically detectable breast cancer. An eleven year experience.

PMID- 182028
TI  - The risk and accuracy of pancreatic biopsy.
AB  - Pancreatic biopsy in 171 patients produced complications in 4.7 per cent and
      death in 1.7 per cent. The biopsy diagnosis was confirmed in 86 per cent but was
      falsely negative in 14 per cent of pancreatic cancers. Frozen sections were
      interpreted correctly in all cases. Wedge biopsy resulted in fewer complications
      and fewer false-negative results than needle biopsy and is preferable except for
      periampullary lesions in which transduodenal needle biopsy is best. When the
      biopsy incision transected a pancreatic duct, suture ligation and drainage
      avoided complications. Open transduodenal biopsy of periampullary lesions was
      reliable, but the duodenotomy closure leaked in 10 per cent of the cases.
      Pancreatic biopsy with confirmation of malignancy should precede
      pancreaticoduodenectomy in most cases of suspected pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 182029
TI  - Hepatic artery ligation and 5-fluorouracil infusion for metastatic colon
      carcinoma and primary hepatoma.
AB  - Nine patients with extensive bilateral hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer
      were treated with hepatic artery ligation and continuous infusion of 5
      fluorouracil (5-FU). Silastic catheters were inserted into the hepatic artery at
      laparotomy, and continuous perfusion was effected by a Sigmamotor pump. There was
      no operative mortality or morbidity, and drug toxicity was acceptable. Dosage
      averaged 10 mg/kg/day and average time of infusion was sixty-three days. Liver
      function returned to preoperative values within two weeks in all patients, and
      four patients had improvement of preoperative liver function for three to six
      months after perfusion. Two patients had palpable regressions that lasted five
      months or more, and one patient had a slight palpable regression for two months.
      Five who are dead had a mean survival of 10.4 months after therapy, with a median
      survival of 11.5 months. Eight of the nine patients had significant clinical
      improvement following treatment. Seven patients with irresectable primary liver
      carcinoma were treated with continuous 5-FU infusion. A Silastic catheter was
      placed at laparotomy into the hepatic artery via the gastroduodenal artery.
      Ligation of the hepatic artery was not performed. There was no operative
      mortality or morbidity. Dosage averaged 10 mg/kg/day and the average time of
      infusion was 140 days. Significant clinical improvement was noted in six of the
      seven patients although this did not correlate with improvement of hepatic
      function. All six responding patients are still living (mean survival, 14
      months). Prolongation of life with hepatic artery infusion of 5-FU has been
      significantly better than with any previously reported chemotherapy for this
      disease.

PMID- 182030
TI  - An enzymatic method for the determination of dCMP in picomol amounts.

PMID- 182031
TI  - Preparation of cytochrome c2 from Rhodospirillum rubrum.

PMID- 182032
TI  - Specific binding reactions monitored with ligand-cofactor conjugates and
      bacterial luciferase.

PMID- 182033
TI  - A quantitative procedure for recovery of nucleoside phosphate ligands and
      preparation of apoprotein from holoproteins using blue dextran--Sepharose
      chromatography.

PMID- 182034
TI  - A continuous assay for an intracellular enzyme: the analysis of acetate kinase in
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 182035
TI  - Periodate degradation of labeled ascorbic acid.

PMID- 182036
TI  - Catalytic iodination of proteins by horse myeloperoxidase in solid state.

PMID- 182037
TI  - Simple assay of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase using 32phosphorus labeled
      nucleotide; application to kidney subcellular fractions.

PMID- 182038
TI  - A rapid and sensitive assay method for protein kinase.

PMID- 182039
TI  - Quantitative, analytical separation of adenine nucleotides by column
      chromatography on polyethyleneimine-coated cellulose.

PMID- 182040
TI  - A modified cyclic AMP binding assay.

PMID- 182041
TI  - A simple electrophoretic method for the determination of superhelix density of
      closed circular DNAs and for observation of their superhelix density
      heterogeneity.

PMID- 182042
TI  - Buffers for the physiological pH range: thermodynamic constants of four
      substituted aminoethanesulfonic acids from 5 to 50 degrees C.

PMID- 182043
TI  - Sever hypertension in a child with Wilms' tumor: a case report.
AB  - Problems of management in a child with a large Wilms' tumor and severe
      uncontrolled hypertension presenting for anesthesia and operation included
      attempts to determine the etiology of the hypertension; identification of hazards
      produced by attempted rapid pharmacologic control of blood pressure; need for
      urgent operative intervention despite uncontrolled hypertension; and choice of
      anesthetic agent and technic.

PMID- 182044
TI  - Chemotherapy of virus diseases.

PMID- 182045
TI  - [Burkitt's disease in the Ivory Coast: anatomo-clinical and epidemiologic
      considerations].
AB  - The authors study the epidemiological conditions of the appearance of Burkitt's
      disease on the Ivory Coast. This condition represents 4.12% of cancers observed
      in this country. From a thorough study of the differences in temperature,
      relative humidity, vapour pressure, hours of sunlight, amount of rainfall, they
      were able to pick out that equatorial forest zones are more at risk than the
      savannah zones. The climatic conditions in the forest render intervention by a
      vector plausible, either directly or indirectly via malaria or other parasitic
      infestations.

PMID- 182046
TI  - [Insulinomas in children. Histologic and ultrastructural study. (apropos of 2
      cases)].
AB  - The authors report two case-histories of insulin-secreting tumors of the pancreas
      in children. They emphasize the rare occurence and the percularity of these
      tumors with regard to insulinomas in adults. The ultrastructural and
      histopathological examination showed: --the presence of a "junction area" rich in
      centro-acinar cells between the pancreas and the tumor, --within the tumor, the
      existence of exocrine elements i.e. acinar cells and more or less differentiated
      canalar structures. On behalf of these findings the authors discuss the problem
      of the histogenesis of these tumors. Is it a matter of endocrine adenomatous
      hyperplasia of centro-acinar origin, or of real "apudoma"?

PMID- 182047
TI  - Neurological complications of extraspinal.
AB  - The anatomy and physiology of the blood supply to the central nervous system from
      the aorta is outlined. Pertinent cases are reported, to illustrate the effect of
      impairment of this blood supply in producing ischemia of the brain, spinal cord,
      and peripheral nerves. In patients with such neurologic disease, especially if
      sudden in onset, a search for a circulatory basis in lesions of the aorta or its
      branches may be rewarding and crucial. With regard to reconstructive surgery of
      the aorta, certain precautions may be taken: maintenance of normotension, gentle
      dissection, preservation of segmental arteries when possible, bypass shunting,
      avoidance of prolonged aortic clamping and perhaps heparinization. Unfortunately,
      depending upon deficiencies in collateral circulation to the spinal cord,
      occasional cases of postoperative paraplegia will still occur, which are both
      unavoidable and unpredictable.

PMID- 182049
TI  - Viremia with herpes simplex type 1 in adults. Four nonfatal cases, one with
      features of chicken pox.
AB  - Recovery of herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 1 from the blood buffy coat of four
      adults is reported for the first time. All of the patients had vesicular
      stomatitis and facial vesicles; two also had either keratoconjunctivitis or
      disseminated skin lesions. The infection was not the primary one with HSV in any
      of them. Two of three patients who had renal failure were receiving
      immunosuppressive drugs; one patient was normal except for alcoholism and
      diabetes. None developed signs of visceral organ infection and all recovered
      within 2 to 4 weeks. The findings demonstrate the occurrence of heretofore
      unrecognized nonfatal HSV Type 1 viremia in both healthy and immunosuppressed
      leukocytes, can occur regardless of the presence of serum antibody, and may or
      may not be associated with the disseminated lesions.

PMID- 182048
TI  - [Myelocytic leukaemia with atypical evolution (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of myelocytic leukaemia appeared in a four year old boy. The surprisingly
      benign evolution until now, leds to a speculation on the possible influence
      exerced by chickenpox virus as a immunologic stimulant.

PMID- 182050
TI  - [Angiographic diagnosis of pancreatic insulomas: proposed original method for
      image enhancement].

PMID- 182051
TI  - [Adsorption of enteroviruses on nitrate cellulose membranes: influence of mineral
      salts, detergents and calf serum (author's transl)].
AB  - The filtration through cellulose nitrate membranes of a poliovirus type II
      suspension in distilled water alone or with added mineral salts (NaCl, MgCl2,
      AlCl3) results in adsorption of the virus. The maximal adsorption is obtained
      with NaCl. A detergent in the virus suspension or a pretreatment of the membranes
      with calf serum prevents this adsorption. Elution of the adsorbed enteroviruses
      is achieved with alcaline and proteinaceous buffer.

PMID- 182052
TI  - Reflections on issues posed by recombinant DNA molecule technology. II.

PMID- 182053
TI  - [Non-chromaffin laryngeal paraganglioma. Clinical and electron microscopical
      study].
AB  - The authors describe the case of a 51 year-old woman presenting with a very large
      laryngeal paraganglioma in the aryepiglottic fold which had passed through the
      cricothyroid membrane and invaled the thyroid. A crico-hyoido-pexy enabled the
      tumour to by completely removed and anatomo-pathological examination showed
      degeneration. Under electron microscopy, the ultrastructure of the tumour was
      similar to that of chromaffin paragangliomas. It is three years since this
      patient was cured.

PMID- 182054
TI  - [Embolization in the jugulo-tympanic chemodectoma. Value, indications and
      results].
AB  - Jugulo-tympanic chemodectomas are usually treated by means of surgical ablation
      and radiotherapy, these two techniques being used either in isolation or
      association. The recent advent of embolization, which has undergone considerable
      development in the field of vasular neuro-radiology within the last few years,
      open up new therapeutic possibilities for these vascular tumours. A study of
      three personal cases, followed up after a substantial lapse of time, gives a good
      idea of the importance of embolization in the therapeutic armoury. In fact,
      although embolization used alone can cause a reduction in functional
      symptomatology and even and objective clinical improvement (disappearance of some
      lesions of the cranial pairs, for exemple), it is regularly followed by
      repermeabilization of the various pediculi. Embolization used in isolation should
      therefore be reserved for patients who are inoperable for reasons for extension
      or associated deficiencies. Embolization appears to be of value before the
      operation as it results in less haemorrhage and may also be of value before
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 182055
TI  - [Chemotherapy in a case of laryngeal chemodectoma].
AB  - A case report of chemodectoma of the right aryepiglottic fold accompanied by
      large homolateral adenopathy, treated by cobalt-therapy and chemotherapy. The
      patient is clinically cured three years from the beginning of treatment.
      Interesting results of chemotherapy associated with radiations where the
      operation is refused by the patient.

PMID- 182056
TI  - [Immunologic treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis by means of autoantigen
      therapy (tissue and viral)].

PMID- 182057
TI  - Mucus gland tumors of the larynx and laryngopharynx.
AB  - During the 30-year period from 1939 through 1968, 20 patients were seen who had
      "minor salivary" tumors arising in the mucus glands of the larynx or
      laryngopharynx. This group comprised about 3% of more than 600 patients with
      mucus gland tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract treated at Memorial Sloan
      Kettering Cancer Center during the same interval. In each instance the tumor was
      malignant, and all but three of these patients were men. Location and histology
      of these uncommon tumors is described. Only 2 of 18 treated cases were "cured."
      Uncontrolled cervical lymph node involvement or distant metastasis was more often
      the reason for treatment failure, rather than local recurrence at the primary
      site.

PMID- 182058
TI  - Lymph nodes and vessels in primary lymphoedema. Their relative importance in
      aetiology.
AB  - The classification of lymphoedemas is reviewed and the various primary
      lymphoedemas distinguished from the secondary. The early lymphographic studies of
      primary lymphoedemas (many of which arise from genetic factors) probably laid
      undue emphasis on changes in the lymphatic vessels. Oil contrast media in leter
      use in lymphography have given much information onchanges in the nodes. In 89% of
      patients reviewed both nodes and vessels were diseased and in the majority the
      changes were worse in the nodes. This suggests that in many patients with primary
      hypoplastic lymphoedema the pathological process has arisen first in the nodes.

PMID- 182059
TI  - [Herpes virus isolated from pigeons (author's transl)].
AB  - A virus has been isolated from pigeons with the clinical symptoms of "infectious
      coryza". The virus produces numerous pocks on the chorio-allantoic membranes;
      livers from infected embryos have areas of necrosis. Microscopic examinations
      reveals basophilic and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. The virus produces a
      cytopathic effect of rounded refractile cells after 24 h with rapidly spreads
      throughout the monolayer. The virus is sensitive to chloroform. Electron
      microscopy of negatively stained lysed cell preparations shows that the virus is
      a herpesvirus. The strain is pathogenic for pigeons. Lesions produced by
      intralaryngeal inoculation consists of small necrotic foci in the laryngeal
      epithelium and in the liver.

PMID- 182060
TI  - Superoxide dismutase (erythrocuprein) and free radicals in clinical chemistry.
AB  - Erythrocuprein (superoxide dismutase) has recently been shown to have an enzymic
      function towards superoxide anions. The discovery of superoxide dismutase, its
      mode of action, and estimation are reviewed along with a brief introduction to
      oxygen activation and free-radical chemistry. The formation, activity, and
      destruction of oxygen free radicals in white blood cells, red blood cells, and
      subcellular particles are discussed. (a) The production of superoxide anions by
      white cells during phagocytosis is thought to be advantageous for the overall
      bactericidal event. (b) Normal red blood cells generate low levels of superoxide
      anions. Increased levels of free-radical production could play a significant role
      in accelerating cell ageing (haemolysis). (c) Subcellular particles produce
      superoxide anions. These as well as organic peroxides have been implicated in
      drug hydroxylation reactions involving cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 182061
TI  - Pathology of lacquer thinner induced neuropathy.
AB  - Seven men aged 17 to 22 years developed severe distal symmetrical predominately
      motor polyneuropathy after repeated inhalation of a commercially available brand
      of lacquer thinner. Motor nerve conduction velocities were markedly slowed.
      Fascicular biopsy specimens of sural nerve showed a striking loss of myelinated
      nerve fibers. Prominent neurofilamentous masses resulted insegmental paranodal
      distention of axons with secondary thinning and retraction of myelin from the
      node of Ranvier. Autopsy material from one case revealed central chromatolysis of
      anterior horn cells in the lumbosacral enlargement and axonal swellings in the
      fasciculus gracilis. One or more volatile hydrocarbons contained in the lacquer
      thinner involved may be neurotoxic if inhaled to excess any many cause a
      neuropathy with characteristic pathological features.

PMID- 182062
TI  - Evidence for the assignment of the loci AK1, AK3 and ACONs to chromosome 9 in
      man.
AB  - The segregation of human enzymes and chromosomes has been studied in more than 30
      independent primary human-rodent somatic cell hybrids and a series of 64
      subclones. The results strongly suggest that the locus determining AK1, 'red
      cell' adenylate kinase, is on chromosome 9 in man, and hence that the locus for
      the ABO blood groups and that for the Nail-patella syndrome may also be assigned
      to this chromosome. Evidence is presented indicating that another adenylate
      kinase, nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase, and also the soluble form of
      aconitase, are probably syntenic with AK1, and that the mitochondrial form of
      aconitase is probably not syntenic with these loci.

PMID- 182063
TI  - Experimental membranes and mechanisms of bioenergy transductions.

PMID- 182064
TI  - Thermotropic transitions in biomembranes.

PMID- 182065
TI  - Symmetry in nucleic acid structure and its role in protein-nucleic acid
      interactions.

PMID- 182066
TI  - Oscillatory enzymes.

PMID- 182067
TI  - [Mutagenic action of N-nitrosodimethylurea on Actinomyces rimosus and Penicillium
      chrysogenum].
AB  - High mutagenic activity of N-nitrozodimethylurea (NDMU), an agent of the group of
      the nitrozo compounds not studied in detail was shown with respect to
      prototrophic and auxotrophic strains of Actinomyces rimosus, an organism
      producing oxytetracycline and Penicillium chrysogenum, an organism producing
      penicillin. The rate of direct and back mutations in the auxotrophic strain of
      Act. rimosus under the effect of NDMU was many times higher than that of
      spontaneous mutations. NDMU was used at one of the selection stages at which a
      more active variant of Act. rimosus was obtained. This is evident of a possible
      use of the mutagen for induction of variation with respect to the quantitative
      feature of oxytetracycline production. A great number of morphologically changed
      forms and biochemical mutants of Pen. chrysogenum formed under the effect of this
      substance. NDMU induced a mutant of Pen. chrysogenum capable of selective
      synthesis of 6-aminopenicillinic acid without addition of the precursor.

PMID- 182068
TI  - [Pharmacology of gentamicin sulfate].
AB  - Pharmacology of gentamicin sulfate prepared at the All-Union Research Institute
      of Antibiotics was studied. By the paramaters of acute toxicity the drug did not
      differ from a Bulgarian sample of gentamicin sulfate. Under the conditions of the
      acute experiment on animals it was found that only high doses of gentamicin
      significantly exceeding the therapeutic ones induced some decrease in the
      arterial pressure, respiration suppression, blocking of the neuromuscle
      transmission in the synapses of the skeletal muscles. The latter may be
      eliminated by the use of calcium chloride. Under conditions of the chronic
      experiment with intramuscular administration of gentamicin sulfate to the animals
      for 4 weeks in doses equivalent to the theraputic ones for humans, impairement of
      the vestibular function and albuminuria often accompanied by pronounced
      distrophic changes in the kidney canaliculi were observed in some animals. An
      increase in the drug dose resulted in more pronounced distrophic changes in the
      kidney tissue.

PMID- 182069
TI  - [Mechanism of the peripheral myorelatant action of aminocyclitol antibiotics].

PMID- 182070
TI  - [Effect of inorganic phosphorus on the biosynthesis of polymyxin B].
AB  - A synthetic medium containing optimal levels of the sources of carbon, nitrogen
      and inorganic phosphorus and providing satisfactory yields of polymyxin B was
      developed for 2 strains of Bac. polymyxa 933 and VK-153. The consumption of
      phosphorus in the medium by the strains and the antibiotic biosynthesis levels
      depended on the form of phosphorus added to the medium. Optimal biosynthesis of
      polymyxin B was observed at lower concentration levels of soluble soluble
      phosphorus in the medium than the bacterial growth.

PMID- 182071
TI  - [Effect of the physiological activity of Clostridium cells on their sensitivity
      to antibiotics].
AB  - Actively multiplicating cells of C1. perfringens proved to be more sensitive to 7
      chlor-7-desoxylincomycin and rifampicin than the cells in the phase of the
      population dying. The bactericidal effect of the antibiotics on Clostridia
      vegetating at a temperature range within 37--4degrees was studied. Determination
      of the content of higher fatty acids in the cultivation medium with the method of
      gas chromatography showed that the metabolic processes in the bacterial cells
      went on at a temperature of 4degrees. Sensitivity of Clostridia to antibiotics at
      20 and 4degrees lowered. However, all antibiotics inhibited the cell viability
      under such conditions. The inhibitors of the intracellular protein synthesis, i.
      e. rifampicin, 7-chlor-7-desoxylincomycin and morphocycline proved to be most
      active. The effect of beta-lactame antibiotics, i. e. cephaloridine and
      benzylpenicillin was reliable though lower.

PMID- 182072
TI  - [Results of an experimental study of the pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B
      sulfate].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B sulfate of Soviet production was studied in
      various species of animals with the use of different administration routes and
      dosage. After a single intramuscular administration of the drug to dogs in doses
      of 1.1 and 2.2 mg/kg the antibiotic was detected within 5 hours at the maximum
      level during the 1st hour. A two-fold increase of the dose was accompanied by 1.5
      times increase in the antibiotic level. Repeated administrations of polymyxin B
      sulfate in a dose of 4.5 mg/kg did not result in an increase in the blood level
      as compared to a single use of the drug. When polymyxin B sulfate was
      administered intravenously, the concentration peak was observed in 15 minutes
      independent of the dosage. Later the antibiotic level decreased. The maximum
      level of the drug in the mice was observed 1 hour after its intramuscular
      administration in a dose of 8 mg/kg, the highest levels being registered in the
      kidney tissues and urine.

PMID- 182073
TI  - Altered ribosomes in antibiotic-resistant mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis.
AB  - Two alleles for viomycin-capreomycin resistance (vic) in Mycobacterium smegmatis
      affect ribosome structures. One (vicA) affects a component of 50S subunits and
      the other (vicB) affects a component of 30S subunits. The locus for neomycin
      kanamycin resistance (nek), which is linked to vicA and vicB, affects a component
      of 30S subunits. Although the erythromycin resistance locus (ery) is linked to
      vic and nek, no ribosomal alterations could be detected. Mutations at the
      streptomycin locus (str) not linked to vic and nek caused alterations of 30S
      subunits.

PMID- 182075
TI  - Transport ATPase of erythrocyte membrane: sensitivities of Na plus, K, plus
      ATPase and Kplus-phosphatase activities to ouabain.

PMID- 182074
TI  - Microtiter assay for interferon: microspectrophotometric quantitation of
      cytopathic effect.
AB  - This report describes an accurate, reproducible, and efficient microassay for
      human interferon, using a dye-uptake method to quantitate cytopathogenicity. The
      antiviral activity was measured by using a Gilford 300-N microsepctrophotometer,
      with the automatic programmer, sampler, and data lister. Two hundred interferon
      samples, each in a final volume of 1.0 ml, may be analyzed and recorded in 45
      min. The reproducibility of a laboratory reference interferon and the human
      international reference B 69/19 on two different cell lines, using the model Q
      Oxford sampler, was found to be excellent, with the standard error of the log10
      geometric mean of both references +/- 0.04 to 0.06.

PMID- 182076
TI  - The reaction of tetranitromethane with human chorionic gonadotropin.

PMID- 182077
TI  - The binding of cyclic nucleotides to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum of
      normal and neoplastic rat liver.

PMID- 182079
TI  - Purification, composition, and some properties of rat liver carbamyl phosphate
      synthetase (ammonia).

PMID- 182078
TI  - Intestinal calcium transport: parathyroid hormone and adaptation to dietary
      calcium.

PMID- 182080
TI  - Regulation of membrane functions and fatty acid composition in Escherichia coli
      by cyclic AMP receptor protein.

PMID- 182081
TI  - Vanadium ion inhibition of alkaline phosphatase-catalyzed phosphate ester
      hydrolysis.

PMID- 182082
TI  - Phosphorylation of a low molecular weight polypeptide in beef heart Na plus, K
      plus-ATPase preparations.

PMID- 182083
TI  - Interchain disulfide bonds at the COOH-terminal end of procollagen synthesized by
      matrix-free cells from chick embryonic tendon and cartilage.

PMID- 182084
TI  - Syringocystadenoma papilliferum in an unusual location. Report of a case.

PMID- 182086
TI  - Letter: Viral photoinactivation and oncogenesis.

PMID- 182085
TI  - Dapsone-induced motor polyneuropathy. A complication of prolonged treatment of
      subcorneal pustular dermatosis.
AB  - A motor polyneuropathy developed in a woman with subcorneal pustular dermatosis
      of 16 years' duration, who had received at least 300 gm of dapsone over a five
      year period and 80 gm during the four-month period of progression of her
      neurologic symptoms. Although the patient believed her muscle power had returned
      to normal four months after the drug was stopped, a slight peripheral neuropathy
      remained. Electrodiagnostic and clinical features during the period of greatest
      weakness and the subsequent 16 months were consistent with a polyneuropathy of
      the axonal type. The neurotoxicity of dapsone appears to be dose-dependent, but
      the mechanism by which it occurs is unknown.

PMID- 182087
TI  - Congenital rubella associated with hypsarrhythmia.
AB  - A child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia complicated by prolonged
      gastrointestinal and skin haemorrhages due to profound thrombocytopenia finally
      died of thrombotic occlusions of major cerebral arteries due to mucormycosis.
      Biopsy of any suspect lesion is needed urgently before prolonged therapy with
      amphotericin B is started. So far there have been no cures in childhood.

PMID- 182089
TI  - Vitamin-D deficiency rickets in Jamaican children.
AB  - Vitamin-D deficiency is not as rare in Jamaica as previously believed. 9 children
      with vitamin-D deficiency rickets have been seen at the University Hospital of
      the West Indies during the past 5 years. All were over 3 years of age at time of
      presentation. Both dietary deficiency of vitamin D and lack of exposure to
      sunlight seem to be important causes. Children living in rural Jamaica seem to be
      more susceptible to the disease than those living in a city, due perhaps to more
      prolonged breast feeding and lack of fortified milk feeds on weaning.

PMID- 182088
TI  - Endocrinopathy in thalassaemia major.
AB  - Pituitary, adrenal, and pancreatic functions were investigated in 9 patients with
      thalassaemia major. 9 a.m. plasma ACTH values were 148-480 pg/ml (normal range 15
      70 pg/ml). Cortisol and growth hormone response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia
      was normal in all. 24-hour urinary excretions of 17-ketosteroids and 17
      hydroxycorticosteroids were normal. There was normal cortisol response to
      intramuscular injection of ACTH. In a physiological adrenal stimulation test
      there was a significantly smaller response to each physiological dose of
      tetracosactrin. 4 patients had diabetic glucose tolerance tests--none are
      clinically diabetic. The mean plasma glucose utilization constant (Kgl=2-02) is
      significantly smaller than normal. Plasma insulin response both in the oral and
      the intravenous glucose tolerance test was significantly smaller than normal. The
      data were consistent with severe and widespread impairment of endocrine function
      and a plausible explanation would be iron deposition in endocrine organs. It is
      suggested that pituitary hyperfunction of ACTH secretion is due to target organ
      unresponsiveness which can be shown in its early stages only by a physiological
      test of the adrenal cortex. Skin pigmentation in thalassaemia seems to be due to
      the melanophore-stimulating effect of this raised plasma ACTH.

PMID- 182090
TI  - Immunological characterization of an arylamidase (aminopeptidase) occurring in
      histiocytoma.
AB  - Histiocytomas display a remarkably strong proteolytic activity. Electrophoretic
      and immunological studies reveald that this proteolytic activity is due, at least
      partially, to the presence of an arylamidase, previously described as
      "aminopeptidase I". This enzyme has been identified in various tissues of
      ectodermal, mesodermal and entodermal origin.

PMID- 182091
TI  - Effects of steriod hormones on human fibroblasts in vitro. II. Antagonism by
      androgens of cortisol-induced inhibition.
AB  - Inhibition of dermal activity by cortisol in culture was partially reversed by
      two naturally occurring androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. ACTH and
      the androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate showed not such
      antagonistic effect. These results suggest that increased production of adrenal
      androgens during ACTH therapy may account for the relative absnece of 'skin
      thinning' and 'steroid-bruising' which are common side-effects of corticosteroid
      therapy.

PMID- 182092
TI  - Virus antibody levels and delayed hypersensitivity in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus antibody levels were not higher in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to matched controls. Delayed
      hypersensitivity, measured by skin test reactivity, was depressed in rheumatoid
      arthritis. There was no correlation between virus antibody titres and delayed
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 182093
TI  - [Antivariola vaccination. Technics for the mitigation of local and general
      reactions. Practical experience].
AB  - A technik is proposed for the attenuation of the local and general reactions
      produced by antivariola vaccination. The process is based on the use of
      "puntiform inoculation" and of a liophilised vaccine already decayed.

PMID- 182094
TI  - The actions of trimetazidine on nerve and muscle cells in frogs.
AB  - The effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on cardiac, skeletal muscle fibres and
      sympathetic ganglion cells in frogs were studied. In cardiac muscles, the
      contraction was depressed and the duration of action potentials were shortened by
      1.5 mM TMZ. In skeletal muscles, the contraction induced by motor nerve
      stimulations was depressed by 0.3 mM TMZ, and the amplitude of end-plate
      potentials was decreased under this condition. The nicotinic transmission in
      sympathetic ganglia was inhibited by 0.003 mM TMZ, but the muscarinic
      transmission was not affected by 1.5 mM TMZ. In a Na-free TEA solution, prolonged
      action potentials (TEA potentials) of sympathetic ganglion cell, which appeared
      to be produced by an inward Ca movement across the membrane, were shortened by
      1.5 mM TMZ. These results suggest that TMZ has a dual action, namely 1) a
      blocking action of nicotinic transmissions and 2) a blocking action of Ca
      movement during the generation of action potentials.

PMID- 182095
TI  - Effects of naturally occurring catecholamines on adrenergic neuro-effector
      interaction in isolated cutaneous veins.

PMID- 182096
TI  - Cholinergic inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission in dogs' gastric arteries.

PMID- 182097
TI  - Editorial: Chihuahuas and laetrile, chelation therapy, and honey from Boulder,
      Colo.

PMID- 182098
TI  - Polyneuropathy due to n-hexane.
AB  - In 25 years, at least eight of 50 total exposed employees in a small plant
      developed a mild neuropathy. Studies of urine or blood for lead, arsenic,
      mercury, cadmium, thallium, and antimony revealed no sign of toxic agents, but
      the atmosphere in one room contained toxic levels of n-hexane. The sourse was the
      glue used in the plant. Serum cholinesterase levels were reduced, offering a
      possible laboratory tests to alert clinicians to the possibility of n-hexane
      exposure. All patients recovered completely. Mechanical and administrative
      adjustments should prevent such industrial accidents.

PMID- 182099
TI  - Viral ascending radiculomyelitis with severe hypoglycorrachia.
AB  - Ascending radiculomyelitis in a 52-year-old woman was accompanied by transient
      marked hypoglycorrachia and polymorphonuclear pleocytosis of the CSF. Examination
      of the CSF later in the course of illness revealed albuminocytologic
      dissociation. This unusual sequence of findings was associated with serologic
      evidence of a recent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. In addition, the illness
      was associated with a nonthrombocytopenic purpuric rash. We proposed that the
      rash and neurologic disease were consequences of vasculitis caused by CMV
      infection.

PMID- 182100
TI  - The early formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in Rhodospirillum rubrum.
AB  - The time dependent assembly of the photosynthetic apparatus was studied in
      Rhodospirillum rubrum after transfer of cells growing aerobically in the dark to
      low aeration. While bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) cellular levels increase
      continuously levels of soluble cytochrome C2 do not change significantly.
      Absorption spectra of membranes isolated at different times after transfer reveal
      that incorporation of carotenoids lags behind incorporation of Bchl. However, a
      carotenoid fraction exhibiting spectral properties of spirilloxanthin isomers was
      isolated apart from membranes. This carotenoid fraction even was present in
      homogenates from Bchl-free, aerobically grown cells. Incorporation of U-14C
      proteinhydrolyzate into membrane proteins showed that proteins are mainly formed
      which are specific for photosynthetic membranes. Although the proportion of
      reaction center (RC) Bchl per light harvesting (LH) Bchl does not change the
      proportions of membrane proteins present in RC and LH preparations change
      initially. But later on the proportions of the different proteins also reach
      constant values. Concerning proteins characteristic for cytoplasmic membranes a
      differential incorporation of label can be observed. The data indicate that the
      photosynthetic apparatus in Rhodospirillum rubrum is assembled through a
      sequential mechanism.

PMID- 182101
TI  - [Prognosis and treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children].
AB  - The following conclusions can be drawn from the study of 55 cases of I.T.P. of
      childhood. 1. I.T.P. evolving more than 6 months must always be considered as
      chronic, the disease having in these cases few chances of recovery without
      splenectomy. After 6 months evolution, it is probably possible to establish a
      prognosis and a therapeutic approach with little risk of error. 2. Among the
      clinical and biological criteria noted at the onset of the disease, the intensity
      of thrombopenia alone is statistically different in acute and chronic I.T.P.
      Consequently, there are few criteria allowing the early recognition of evolution
      to chronic I.T.P. 3. The corticoids have no curative value in I.T.P. Prolonged
      corticotherapy is therefore useless in this disease. 4. As a palliative, the
      value of the corticoids can only be statisfactorily demonstrated in chronic
      I.T.P. Here it is certain in 6 cases on 16. 5. The value of corticoids for
      capillary resistance is evident, even in small doses. 6. Splenectomy must be
      considered in all cases of severe or corticodependant chronic I.T.P. Cure is
      obtained in most cases. 7. The contribution of immunosuppressive agents and in
      particular azathioprine, cannot be usefully assessed on the basis of the series
      studied. In the absence of decisive results, it would be worthwhile to evaluate
      this treatment by means of a greater number of clinical trials.

PMID- 182102
TI  - [Sero-epidemiology of infections due to cytomegalovirus by indirect
      hemagglutination technic].
AB  - Applied to cytomegalovirus, the technique of indirect hemagglutination offers a
      good sensitivity and reliable specificity for serological testings. Improvements
      in the standardization are however still required. Sero-epidemiological studies
      performed in different groups of children and carried out with this method led to
      the following results: mother-child contagium, early infection in young infants,
      and influence of socio-economical and ethnical factors. Studies performed on
      pregnant women showed that the risk of infection decreased after the first
      pregnancy.

PMID- 182103
TI  - Granular cell tumors of the central nervous system of rats.
AB  - On the basis of our study of 12 cases of granular cell tumors in the brains of
      rats of different inbred strains, it seems that granular cell tumors are not rate
      in the central nervous system of untreated, aging BN/Bi rats. In none were
      metastases found. Awareness of the occurrence of these tumors in the central
      nervous system of these rats may stimulate further studies into the cellular
      origin of granular cell tumors that form in the central nervous system of the rat
      and might help to elucidate the origin of these tumors in general.

PMID- 182104
TI  - Electromyographic evaluation of human detrusor muscle activity in relation to
      abdominal muscle activity.
AB  - Simultaneous electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the bladder detrusor muscle
      and the inferior rectus abdominis muscle were made in six normal subjects, in
      four patients with lower motor neuron bladder disease and in two patients with an
      upper motor neuron type of bladder lesion. Results of the study demonstrate that
      the bladder electrodes do not record remote muscle activity from the abdominal
      muscles so that any increased detrusor electrical activity with abdominal
      contraction must have some other explanation such as a possible abdominal
      detrusor reflex or the production of increased intra-abdominal pressure from
      abdominal contraction. The study also demonstrates that the detrusor EMG is of
      value in studying the physiology of the bladder in humans, is a safe and simple
      technique and is of value particularly in assessing neurogenic bladder disorders.

PMID- 182105
TI  - Sexual impotence: studies of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and the
      effect of oral thyrotropin-releasing factor.
AB  - Thyrotropin-releasing factor was given orally to 12 impotent patients in a dose
      of 43 mg daily for 4 weeks in a double-blind crossover technique and compared
      with placebo. TRF showed no beneficial effect over placebo. In these patients,
      thyroid function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis were examined by
      measuring T3, T4, and TSH before and after the TRF test. There were no
      pathological findings for patients included in this study.

PMID- 182106
TI  - Hepatic adenoma. Observations after estrogen withdrawal.
AB  - A case of ruptured, benign hepatic adenoma occurred in a young woman taking oral
      contraceptives. Our observation of this patient after biopsy and control of
      hemorrhage is the subject of this report. We support the concept that these
      tumors may regress or remain dormant after estrogen withdrawal, and question the
      need for routine resection of benign hepatic adenomas. Further observations of
      growth patterns after estrogen withdrawal are needed.

PMID- 182107
TI  - Giant axonal swelling in "huffer's" neuropathy.
AB  - A young man with a long history of "huffing" of lacquer thinner developed toxic
      peripheral neuropathy. Clinical improvement occurred several weeks after
      cessation of exposure. Substantial slowing in nerve conduction was noted. Sural
      nerve biopsy specimen showed (1) giant axonal swelling, (2) axonal degeneration,
      and (3) an increased paranodal gap. We believe that "huffer's" neuropathy is a
      primary axonal neuropathy with secondary demyelination.

PMID- 182109
TI  - Multiple glomus tumors of the face and eyelid.
AB  - The glomus tumor is a benign, vascular, hamartomatous derivative of the glomus
      body, a normal intradermal arteriovenous anastomosis. Most glomus tumors are
      solitary, tender lesions of the nail bed and are found only rarely on the eyelid.
      Occasionally, glomus tumors assume a multiple form, wherein they are nontender. I
      report a unique case of multiple glomus tumors involving the face, palate,
      eyelid, and anterior orbit.

PMID- 182108
TI  - Fibroblastic origin of bovine gingival collagenase.

PMID- 182110
TI  - Glomus jugulare tumor. Disseminated form in the central nervous system.
AB  - We will describe a case of glomus jugulare tumor that illustrates the potential
      for multiple areas of metastasis throughout the central nervous system. Extension
      through the dura into the subarachnoid space allows seeding via the cerebrospinal
      fluid as far away as the cauda equina. We will review the usual clinical course
      of the tumor and will evaluate the symptoms relative to the location of
      extension. In this case, the symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure
      with brain stem compression, which progressed rapidly to cause the patient's
      death.

PMID- 182111
TI  - Effects of dibutyrylcyclic AMP on the in vitro primary response of mouse spleen
      cells to sheep erythrocytes.
AB  - Exogenously added N6, 02'-dibutyryladenosine-3'-5'-cyclic phsophate (DBcAMP)
      exerted a biphasic effect on the in vitro primary response of mouse spleen cells
      to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). High concentrations of DBcAMP were markedly
      suppressive, whereas lower concentrations brought about significant increases in
      the peak numbers of antibody-forming cells. The kinetics of the response were not
      altered by DBcAMP. A direct effect of DBcAMP on bone-marrow derived lymphocytes
      was suggested because this nucleotide increased the in vitro response of "nude"
      mouse spleen cells to SRBC. The magnitude of the response, however, was
      considerably less than that mounted by spleen cells of normal mice. These results
      show that DBcAMP can have either enhancing or suppressive effects on antibody
      formation and these effects are dependent upon nucleotide concentration, antigen
      dosage and time of assay. The effects of this cyclic nucleotide differed in two
      major respects from those of the synthetic polyribonucleotide adjuvant,
      polyadenylic acid-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) complexes. Thus poly (A:U)
      decreased the time of peak response in vitro but did not increase the magnitude
      of the response.

PMID- 182112
TI  - A plea for planned discharges for patients.

PMID- 182113
TI  - Epiphysial changes in the hand/wrist area as indicators of adolescent stage.

PMID- 182114
TI  - Fibrinolysis in human bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 182116
TI  - Inhibition of spinach phosphoribulokinase by DL-glyceraldehyde.
AB  - Spinach chloroplast phosphoribulokinase is inhibited by DL-glyceraldehyde. The
      inhibition is non-competitive with respect to ribulose 5-phosphate (Ki 19mM) and
      ATP (Ki 20mM). The inhibition is discussed in relation to a previously reported
      inhibition of CO2 assimilation in intact and envelope-free chloroplasts by DL
      glyceraldehyde. It is concluded that the inhibition of phosphoribulokinase is
      insufficient to account for the inhibition, by DL-glyceraldehyde, of O2 evolution
      with ribose 5-phosphate as substrate and that a further site of inhibition is
      also present in this system.

PMID- 182117
TI  - Electron transfer between soluble and immobilized mammalian cytochrome c.
      Equilibrium and kinetic studies on immobilized cytochrome c.
AB  - Horse heart cytochrome c was covalently bound to Sepharose 4B and its redox
      properties were measured under various experimental conditions. The equilibrium
      constant for the electron exchange between the oxidized and the reduced form of
      cytochrome c when one of the two forms was in the semi-solid state and the other
      one in solution was close to 1. Matrix-bound ferrocytochrome c is very stable to
      autoxidation and is not oxidized by O2 even in the presence of mammalian
      cytochrome oxidase. Oxidation occurs if catalytic amounts of soluble cytochrome c
      are added to the reaction mixture. The rate of oxidation of matrix-bound
      ferrocytochrome c in the presence of cytochrome oxidase and catalytic amounts of
      soluble cytochrome c may be correlated with the rate of electron transfer between
      soluble and matrix-bound cytochrome c. This rate is more than two orders of
      magnitude lower than that reported for the homonuclear (between identical
      species) electron transfer in solution.

PMID- 182115
TI  - [Our experiences in the treatment of acute leukemias in children].
AB  - 43 children suffering of acute leucaemia were treated in University Children's
      Hospital Belgrade during the period of 1969- april 1975. 39 patients were treated
      as acute lymphoblastic leucaemia (90,7%), and 4 patients as acute
      nonlymphoblastic leucaemia (9,3%). Complete remission of 34 patients treated as
      ALL by protocol PARIS 06 was established in 94,1%. All 5 patients suffering of
      ALL, treated by protocol PARIS 01 LA 72 had complete remission. 85,7 patients
      treated by protocol 06 AL 66 survived one year. 53,5% patients survived two
      years, 14,2% three years, and 3,5% survived four years. These facts are not
      final, because 35% patients are still alive. From 5 patients treated by protocol
      01 AL 72 4 patinets are in complete remission, but this period is too short to
      per mit any conclusion. Meadle survival time for patients suffering of ANLL is
      7,5 months. One patient is in complete remission for already 9 months.

PMID- 182118
TI  - Inhibition of glycolytic enzymes by 2-phosphotartronate.
AB  - 2-Phosphotartronate has been synthesized by permanganate oxidation of glycerol 2
      phosphate and has been tested as an inhibitor of five glycolytic enzymes that
      bind phosphoglycerate or phosphoglycollate. Competitive inhibition of rabbit
      muscle phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase and pyruvate kinase was observed. Triose
      phosphate isomerase and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase were not inhibited.

PMID- 182119
TI  - Enzymic formation of Glycerol 1:2-cyclic phosphate.
AB  - Glycerol 1:2-cyclic phosphate is released simultaneously with glycerophosphate
      when kidney glycerophosphinicocholine diesterase (EC 3.1.4.2) acts on
      glycerylphosphorylcholine and glycerylphosphorylethanolamine. The percentage of
      cyclic phosphate ester formed is increased at pH values below the optimum and is
      decreased when Mg2+ or Ca2+ is added to stimulate the reaction.

PMID- 182121
TI  - Identification and properties of renal mineralocorticoid receptors in relation to
      glucocorticoid binders in rat liver and kidney.
AB  - The binding of the natural mineralocorticoid aldosterone and the glucocorticoid
      corticosterone to macromolecules in rat liver and kidney cytoplasmic fractions
      was compared by various chromatographic procedures. Equilibration of kidney
      cytosol with 10nM-aldosterone, either alone or in the presence of a competing
      steroid, was ideal for ionexchange chromatography of DEAE-cellulose DE-52, and
      revealed the presence of four sorts of binding components. One of these, eluted
      in the 0.001M-phosphate pre-wash, and another, less abundant, forming a peak at
      0.006M-phosphate, did not bind corticosterone at equimolar concentrations, and
      appear to constitute the mineralocorticoid-specific 'MR' receptor in rat kidney.
      They could not be detected in the liver. Radioactivity eluted in the 0.02 and
      0.06M-phosphate regions on DEAE-cellulose DE-52 appears to be due to
      [3H]aldosterone binding to glucocorticoid-specific 'GR' receptors and to
      transcortin respectively, since labelling was greater with corticosterone even at
      10 nM than with the mineralocorticoid at 100nM and since [14C]corticosterone
      bound to blood serum transcortin was always co-chromatographed in the 0.06M
      phosphate region. These two components appear to be identical with those in the
      liver and could be labelled maximally only by 100nM-corticosterone. The
      separation between specific mineralo- and glucocorticoid-binding species was less
      clear when chromatography was attempted on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 columns, possibly
      because of disaggregation into subunits in the presence of the high KC1
      concentrations required for elution. Competitive binding followed by filtration
      through Sephadex G-200 gel indicated that cellular MR binders, unlike GR
      receptors, exist mostly as high-molecular-weight aggregates, although both appear
      to exhibit a comparable monomeric molecular weight of approx. 67000.

PMID- 182120
TI  - The fluidity of normal and virus-transformed cell plasma membrane.
AB  - 1. The phospholipid composition and cholesterol/phospholipid ratio of plasma
      membrane is the same in normal as in transformed BHK (baby-hamster kidney) cells;
      no significant difference in length or degree of unsaturation of the contributing
      acyl chains is apparent. 2. The turnover of acetate-labelled phosphatidylcholine
      species in the plasma membrane of normal and transformed BHK cells is the same.
      3. Intramembranous particles of normal and transformed 3T3-cell plasma membrane
      are randomly distributed, whether at 4degreesC or at 37degreesC, in sparse or in
      dense cultures. There is no correlation between distribution of particles and the
      movement of concanavalin A receptor sites. 4. It is concluded that transformation
      of fibroblastic cells by oncogenic viruses does not lead to major changes in the
      lipid fluidity of the plasma membrane. 5. Details of the phospholipid composition
      of nuclei, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in normal and transformed BHK
      cells have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50061 (5 pages) at the
      British Library Lending Division, Boston, Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ,
      U.K., from whom copies may be obtained on the terms given in Biochem. J. (1976)
      153, 5.

PMID- 182122
TI  - Role of membranes in bile formation. Comparison of the composition of bile and a
      liver bile-canalicular plasma-membrane subfraction.
AB  - 1. Enzymes, proteins, glycoproteins and lipids of rodent bile were compared with
      those of a plasma-membrane subfraction originating from the hepatocyte bile
      canalicular membrane. 2. Three bile-canalicular glycoprotein enzyme activities
      were detected in bile. Comparison of the pH optimum and immunoinhibition
      properties of membrane and bile 5'-nucleotidase activity indicated that they were
      the same enzyme. Correspondence between membrane and bile alkaline
      phosphodiesterases also suggested that they were the same enzymes. Activities of
      Mg2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase, a lipid-dependent intrinsic membrane
      protein, and galactosyltransferase, a Golgi membrane marker, were not detected in
      bile. 3. Rodent bile contained 15 polypeptide bands that differed radically from
      those of bile-canalicular membranes. Bands that may correspond in molecular
      weight to liver plasma-membrane glycoproteins were present at low staining
      intensities in bile. A major protein of apparent molecular weight 49 500 was
      present, and albumin was detected by immunodiffusion. 4. The lipid composition of
      bile and bile-canalicular membrane also differed. Phosphatidylcholine accounted
      for 82% of rat bile phospholipids, and only trace amounts of
      phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin were present. 5. The
      results indicate that in healthy animals, the bile-canalicular membrane is
      refractory to the action of bile acids during the secretory process. The presence
      of only small amounts of bile-canalicular membrane components, especially
      glycoprotein enzymes located at the outer face of the membrane, suggests that
      these are released from the membrane by bile acids after secretion of bile into
      the canalicular spaces.

PMID- 182124
TI  - Development and properties of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in the endosperm of
      castor-bean seedlings.
AB  - 1. The activity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) in the fatty
      endosperm of castor bean (Ricinus communis) increases 25-fold during germination
      and then declines. The developmental pattern follows that of catalase, a marker
      enzyme for gluconeogenesis in this tissue. 2. The enzyme at its peak of
      development was partially purified, and its properties were studied. It has an
      optimal activity at neutral pH (7.0-8.0). The apparent Km value for fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate is 3.8 X 10(-5) M. The activity is inhibited by AMP allosterically
      with an apparent Ki value of 2.2 X 10(-4) M. The enzyme hydrolyses fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate and not ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate or sedoehptulose 1,7-bisphosphate.
      3. Treatment of the partially purified enzyme with acid leads to an 80% decrease
      in activity. The remaining activity is insensitive to AMP and has optimal
      activity at pH 6.7 and a high apparent Km value (2.5 X 10(-4) M) for fructose 1.6
      bisphosphate. Enzyme extracted from the tissue with water instead of buffer has a
      similar modification. The effect of acid explains the discrepancies between this
      report and previous ones on the properties of the enzyme in this tissue. 4. The
      storage tissues of various fatty seedlings all contain a 'neutral' fructose 1,6
      bisphosphatase. The activities of the enzyme from some of the tissues are
      inhibited by AMP. 5. The properties of the enzyme in fatty seedlings and in green
      leaves are discussed in comparison with that in animal tissues.

PMID- 182123
TI  - Renin substrate in granules from rat kidney cortex.
AB  - 1. Subcellular fractions of rat kidney cortex generated angiotensin I
      continuously over 2h when incubated at 37degreesC with rat renin, indicating the
      presence of renin substrate within cells in the renal cortex. 2. Renin substrate
      was located in highest specific concentration in particulate fractions. The
      particles containing renin substrate had a sedimentation velocity slightly lower
      than mitochondria and renin granules but greater than the microsomal fraction. 3.
      Isopycnic gradient centrifugation indicated a density of 1.190g/ml for the
      particles containing renin substrate, compared with 1.201 for renin granules,
      1.177 for mitochondria, and 1.170 and 1.230 for lysosomes in the heavy-granule
      fraction. 4. In the liver, renin substrate was also found in particles, but these
      had a lower sedimentation rate than those from the kidney. 5. The molecular
      weights of renin substrate in kidney and liver granules and rat plasma were
      similar, namely 61000-62000. 6. On the basis of these biochemical findings, a
      mechanism for the intrarenal production of angiotensin, incorporating a
      subcellular reaction scheme, is proposed.

PMID- 182125
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover in the
      longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea-pig ileum.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidate was investigated in
      fragments of longitudinal smooth muscle from guinea-pig ileum incubated with
      cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs. 2. Incorporation of Pi into these lipids
      was enhanced by acetylcholine and carbamoylcholine. 3. The receptor responsible
      for triggering this response was of the muscarinic type, since (a) the response
      was also produced by the muscarinic agonists acetyl-beta-methylcholine, carbamoyl
      beta-methylcholine and pilocarpine, and (b) the response was prevented by
      atropine and prophylbenzilylcholine mustard, but not by tubocurarine. 4.
      Increased phosphatidylinositol labellin was clearly observed within 5 min in
      tissue treated with a high concentration of carbamoylcholine. 5. Halfmaximal
      stimulation of phosphatidylinositol labelling occurred at approx. 10 muM-muM
      carbamoylcholine. 6. Incubation of muscle fragments with carbamoylcholine
      provoked a decrease in phosphatidylinositol concentration, as would be expected
      if phosphatidyl-inositol breakdown is the reaction controlled by agonists. 7.
      This information all appears consistent with the proposal that
      phosphatidylinositol breakdown may be a reaction intrinsic to the mechanisms of
      muscarinic cholinergic receptor systems.

PMID- 182126
TI  - Effects of calcium ions and adenosine diphosphate on the activities of NAD+
      linked isocitrate dehydrogenase from the radular muscles of the whelk and flight
      muscles of insects.
AB  - 1. The activity of NAD+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase from the radular muscle
      of the whelk is higher than those in many vertebrate muscles and only slightly
      lower than in the flight muscles of insects. The enzyme activity from the whelk
      (Buccinum undatum) is stable for several hours after homogenization of the
      radular muscle, whereas that from insect flight muscle is very unstable.
      Consequently, the enzyme from the whelk muscle is suitable for a systematic
      investigation of the effects of Ca2+ and ADP. 2. The sigmoid response of the
      enzyme activity to isocitrate concentration is markedly increased by raising the
      Ca2+ concentration from 0.001 to 10 muM, but it is decreased by ADP. The
      inhibitory effect of Ca2+ is most pronounced at pH7.1; it is not observed at pH
      6.5. Similar effects are observed for the enzyme from the flight muscle of the
      locust (Schistocerca gregaria) and the water bug (Lethocerus cordofanus). The
      percentage activation by ADP of the enzyme from either the whelk or the insects
      is greater at 10 muM-Ca2+, and 50% of the maximum activation is obtained at 0.10
      and 0.16 mM-ADP for the enzyme from whelk and locust respectively at this Ca2+
      concentration. At 10 muM-Ca2+ in the absence of added ADP, the apparent Km for
      isocitrate is markedly higher than in other conditions. Ca2+ concentrations of
      0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 muM cause 50% inhibition of maximum activity of the enzyme from
      the muscles of the whelk, locust and water bug respectively. 3. Recent work has
      indicated that mitochondria may play a complementary role to the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum in the control of the distribution of Ca2+ in muscle. The opposite
      effects of Ca2+ on the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial
      glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase from muscle tissue are consistent with the
      hypothesis that changes in the intracellular distribution of Ca2+ control the
      activities of these two enzymes in order to stimulate energy production for the
      contraction process in the muscle. Although both enzymes are mitochondrial,
      glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase resides on the outer surface of the inner
      membrane and responds to sarcoplasmic changes in Ca2+ concentration (i.e. an
      increase during contraction), whereas the isocitrate dehydrogenase resides in the
      matrix of the mitochondria and responds to intramitochondrial concentrations of
      Ca2+ (i.e. a decrease during contraction). It is suggested that changes in
      intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations are primarily responsible for regulation
      of the activity of NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase in order to control energy
      formation for the contractile process. However, when the muscle is at rest,
      changes in intramitochondrial concentrations of ADP may regulate energy formation
      for non-contractile processes.

PMID- 182127
TI  - Binding of Concanavalin A and its effect on the differentiation of Dictyostelium
      Discoideum.
AB  - Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae have two classes of binding sites for
      concanavalin A, one accessible to a competitive inhibitor of concanavalin A
      binding and one inaccessible. Uptake of concanavalin A occurs and is associated
      with a transfer from accessible to inaccessible binding sites. Low amounts of
      concanavalin A bound to cells produce a slight stimulation of differentiation,
      and this is associated with an increase in production of phosphodiesterase. Above
      a critical amount of concanavalin A bound, cell differentiation and
      phosphodiesterase production are inhibited. The relationship of concanavalin A
      induced membrane changes to cell differentation is discussed.

PMID- 182128
TI  - Reactions involving superoxide and normal and unstable haemoglobins.
AB  - Superoxide ions (O2-) oxidized oxyhaemoglobin to methaemoglobin and reduced
      methaemoglobin to oxyhaemoglobin. The reactions of superoxide and H2O2 with
      oxyhaemoglobin or methaemoglobin and their inhibition by superoxide dismutase or
      catalase were used to detect the formation of superoxide or H2O2 on autoxidation
      of oxyhaemoglobin. The rate of autoxidation was decreased at about 35% in the
      presence of both enzymes. The copper-catalysed autoxidation of Hb (haemoglobin)
      was also shown to involve superoxide production. Superoxide was released on
      autoxidation of three unstable haemoglobins and isolated alpha and beta chains,
      at rates faster than with Hb A. Reactions of superoxide with Hb Christchurch and
      Hb Belfast were identical with those with Hb A, and occurred at the same rate. Hb
      Koln contrasted with the other haemoglobins in that the thiol groups of residue
      beta-93 as well as the haem groups reacted with superoxide. Haemichrome formation
      from methaemoglobin occurred very rapidly with Hb Christchurch and Hb Belfast, as
      well as the isolated chains, compared with Hb A. The process did not involve
      superoxide production or utilization. The relative importance of autoxidation and
      superoxide production compared with haemichrome formation in the haemolytic
      process associated with these abnormal haemoglobins and thalassaemia is
      considered.

PMID- 182129
TI  - The rate of reaction of superoxide radical ion with oxyhaemoglobin and
      methaemoglobin.
AB  - Superoxide radical ions (O2-) produced by the radiolytic reduction of oxygenated
      formate solutions and by the xanthine oxidase-catalysed oxidation of xanthine
      were shown to oxidize the haem groups in oxyhaemoglobin and reduce those in
      methaemoglobin as in reactions (1) and (2): (see articles) Reaction (1) is
      suppressed by reaction (8) when [O2-]exceeds 10 muM, but consumes all the O2-
      generated in oxyhaemoglobin solutions when [oxyhaemoglobin] greater than 160 muM
      and [O2-]less than 1 nM at pH 7. The yield of reaction (2) is also maximal in
      methaemoglobin solutions under similar conditions, but less than one haem group
      is reduced per O2- radical. From studies of (a) the yield of reactions (1) and
      (2) at variable [haemoglobin] and rates of production of O2-, (b) their
      suppression by superoxide dismutase, and (c) equilibria observed with mixtures of
      oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin, it is shown that k1/k2=0.7 +/- 0.2 and k1 = (4
      +/- 1) X 10(3) M-1-S-1 At pH7, and k1 and k2 decrease with increasing pH.
      Concentrations and rate constants are expressed in terms of haem-group
      concentrations. Concentrations of superoxide dismutase observed in normal
      erythrocytes are sufficient to suppress reactions (1) and (2), and hence prevent
      the formation of excessive methaemoglobin.

PMID- 182131
TI  - Thymidine phosphotransferase and nucleotide phosphohydrolase of the fern
      Asplenium nidus. General properties and inhibition by adenosine 3':5'-cyclic
      monophosphate.
AB  - 1. Extracts of several plant species contained nucleoside-AMP phosphotransferase
      activity. The ratio of activity with thymidine to that with uridine as nucleoside
      substrate was essentially constant, both between species and throughout plant
      development. Evidence is presented that the total thymidine-AMP
      phosphotransferase activity of the leaves of Asplenium nidus (bird's-nest fern)
      and of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) increases during maturation. 2.
      Thymidine-AMP phosphotransferase was purified 22-fold from a very rich source of
      this activity, extracts of A. nidus. 3. A broad specificity towards both
      nucleoside and nucleoside 5'-monophosphate substrates is displayed by this
      preparation, and the evidence suggests that all could be due to a single enzyme.
      4. Nucleosides that act as substrates will also inhibit phosphotransfer to other
      nucleosides, with Ki values close to the corresponding Km values found when
      utilized as substrates. 5. Ca2+-activated ATP phosphohydrolase was separated from
      the phosphotransferase by differential complexing to Blue Dextran in the presence
      of urea, whereas an AMP phosphohydrolase activity was closely associated with
      thymidine-AMP phosphotransferase through all separation techniques used. 6. Metal
      ions did not activate either of the latter two activities, and 1,10
      phenanthroline was found to inhibit the phosphotransferase. 7. Km values for AMP
      for the respective activities were 0.11 mM (thymidine phosphotransferase) and
      0.20 mM (AMP phosphohydrolase) and for thymidine (phosphotransferase only) 0.88
      mM. 8. 3':5'-Cyclic AMP was found to inhibit both phosphotransferase and AMP
      phosphohydrolase activities, with Ki values of 0.056 mM and 0.15 mM respectively.
      It is suggested that this inhibitor would be of value in revealing the existence
      of thymidine kinase in plant extracts with high thymidine phosphotransferase
      activity.

PMID- 182130
TI  - Iodination of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus
      stearothermophilus.
AB  - The reaction of iodine with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from
      Bacillus stearothermophilus was investigated. The active-site thiol group of the
      cysteine residue homologous with cysteine-149 in the pig muscle enzyme was
      protected by reaction with tetrathionate. The apoenzyme was readily inhibited by
      KI3 solution at pH8, but the coenzyme, NAD+, protected the enzyme against
      inhibition and decreased the extent of iodination. At pH 9.5, ready inhibition of
      both apo- and holo-enzyme was observed. Tryptic peptides containing residues
      iodinated at pH 8 were isolated and characterized. One of the most reactive
      residues in both holo- and apo-enzymes was a tyrosine homologous with tyrosine-46
      in the pig muscle enzyme, and this residue was iodinated without loss of enzymic
      activity. Other reactive tyrosine residues in the apoenzyme were in positions
      homologous with residues 178, 273, 283 and 311 in the pig muscle enzyme, but they
      were not readily iodinated in the holoenzyme. Histidine residues in both holo-
      and apo-enzymes were iodinated at pH 8 in sequence positions homologous with
      residues 50, 162 and 190 in the pig muscle enzyme. The inhibition of the enzyme
      was not correlated with the iodination of a particular residue. The results are
      discussed in relation to a three-dimensional model based on the structure of the
      lobster muscle enzyme and demonstrate that conformational changes affecting the
      reactivity of several tyrosine residues most probably occur on binding of the
      coenzyme.

PMID- 182133
TI  - Purification of phosphodiesterase II from rat and guinea-pig intestinal mucosa.
AB  - Phosphodiesterase II from extracts of intestinal mucosa of rat and guinea pig was
      purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose and agarose. The rat
      enzyme was purified 350-550-fold, with recoveries ranging up to 46%. The best
      purification of the guinea-pig enzyme was 15-fold, and the recovery was only
      2.6%, the large loss occurring during chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and
      agarose. The poor results with the guinea-pig enzyme reflect the difficulty in
      obtaining a truly soluble material. Repeated sonication of the crude guinea-pig
      preparations yielded material that was initially soluble but tended to re
      aggregate quickly. Purification of the rat phosphodiesterase II increased its
      thermostability, the temperature of half-inactivation being increased from
      54degrees to 60degreesC. Both enzymes had a Km value of 4 X 10(-5) M with
      thymidine 3'-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate as substrate and showed similar pH
      optima for activity. Both enzymes were inhibited slightly in 0.1 M-MgC12 or 2M
      urea and much more strongly in 2M-(NH4)2SO4 or 6M-NaC1. The guinea-pig enzyme was
      usually inhibited more than the rat enzyme. The Arrhenius plots of the two
      enzymes differed slightly in slope, but both were biphasic, showing breaks
      between 30degrees and 40degreesC. It was concluded that the two enzymes were
      markedly similar in behaviour and that the differences found were related to the
      different degrees of purification attained by the procedures described.

PMID- 182132
TI  - [Nitrotyrosyl]cytochrome c. Studies of the effect of iron binding, protein
      denaturants and oxidation-reduction potentials.
AB  - Static measurements of the reaction of ligand binding were done by conventional
      spectrophotometry. The ligand-binding reactions with nitrated cytochrome c were
      performed with imidazole, iminazole, CO and NO. The stoicheiometry was found to
      be 1:1, and the stability constants for the complexes formed between the nitrated
      cytochrome c and the ligands are: 2.58 X 10(4) M-1 (imidazole); 1.01 X 10(2) M-1
      (iminazole); 3.6 X 10(4) M-1 (CO); 2.74 X 10(4) M-1 (NO). It was found that the
      electrometric potentials at pH 7.0 and 25degreesC of [aminotyrosyl]cytochrome c
      are E'o form II = 0.115 V and E'o form I = 0.260 V, where forms I and II are two
      species of protein co-existing in the protein solution. The isoelectric point for
      the oxidized form of [nitrotyrosyl]cytochrome c was 10.05, at 4degreesC.

PMID- 182134
TI  - Human placental diamine oxidase. Improved purification and characterization of a
      copper- and manganese-containing amine oxidase with novel substrate specificity.
AB  - 1. Isoelectric focusing studies of human placental diamine oxidase showed the pI
      value of the active enzyme to be 6.5. This information was used in modifying the
      enzyme purification by incorporating column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex with
      ionic strength and pH gradient elution and this, together with affinity
      chromatography on concanavalin A--Sepharose, gave a highly purified preparation,
      with a specific activity of 7.0 units/mg. 2. The enzyme gave the expected
      stoicheiometry with p-dimethylaminomethylbenzylamine as substrate (Keq. 2700) and
      also oxidized [8-arginine]vasopressin, [8-lysine]vasopressin, collagen and
      tropocollagen. Polyacrylamide gel slices showed identical migration of diamine
      oxidizing and [8-lysine]vasopressin-oxidizing activity. 3. The molecular weight,
      determined by ultracentrifugation, sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis, variable polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and Sephadex G-200
      column chromatography, was estimated to be approx. 70000. 4. E.s.r. spectroscopy
      showed that copper and manganese were present in the purified enzyme. This result
      was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy, which indicated a stoicheiometry
      for copper and manganese of approx. 1.0 and 1.2g-atom respectively/70000mol.wt.
      unit. 5. The e.s.r. spectral intensity did not decrease nor did the spectral line
      shape change when excess of p-dimethylaminomethylbenzylamine was added to the
      enzyme. 6. Addition of K13CN to the enzyme eliminated the copper e.s.r. signal
      without affecting the manganese signal. 7. The placental enzyme therefore appears
      to differ from other amine oxidases in terms of its metal cofactor requirement,
      molecular weight and substrate specificity, and possible roles in vivo for this
      enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 182135
TI  - Effects of arginine and some analogues of the partial adenosine triphosphate
      adenosine diphosphate exchange reaction catalysed by arginine kinase.
      Evolutionary divergence in the mechanism of action of a monomer and a dimer
      arginine kinase.
AB  - 1. Both the monomer arginine kinase from lobster muscle and the dimer arginine
      kinase from Holothuria forskali catalyse the ATP-ADP partial exchange reaction at
      rates equal to 3 and 0.6% of the normal rate of transphosphorylation
      respectively. The Mg2+-nucleotide complex is the substrate for this as it is for
      the kinase reaction. 2. Analogues of arginine inhibit the exchange reaction of
      the lobster enzyme but enhance that of the Holothuria enzyme. 3. With the lobster
      enzyme NO3- has no effect on the exchange reaction alone and inhibit only
      slightly the apparent enhancement of the exchange reaction produced by the
      addition of arginine. This is compatible with previous findings for this enzyme
      that formation of the anion-stabilized dead-end complex, enzyme-arginine-MgADP
      NO3-, does not occur to any marked degree. 4. About 80% of the ADP-ATP exchange
      reaction of the lobster enzyme remains after inhibition with iodoacetamide. This
      is further decreased to 65% by the addition of L-arginine, indicating that this
      substrate does bind to the thiolmodified enzyme. 5. It is concluded that the
      partial exchange reaction is a genuine phenomenon not mediated by trace amounts
      of arginine. From the effects of arginine and related compounds it would appear
      that during the normal kinase reaction the partial ATP-ADP exchange reaction is
      suppressed in the lobster enzyme but enhanced in the Holothuria enzyme. This
      reflects a remarkable evolutionary divergence of two homologous enzymes.

PMID- 182136
TI  - Ascorbic acid, metal ions and the superoxide radical.
AB  - 1. No evidence could be found for production of the superoxide radical, O2-,
      during autoxidation of ascorbic acid at alkaline pH values. Indeed, ascorbate may
      be important in protection against O2- genat-d in vivo. 2. Oxidation of ascorbate
      at pH 10.2 was stimulated by metal ions. Stimulation by Fe2+ was abolished by
      superoxide dismutase, probably because of generation of O2-- during reduction of
      O2 by Fe2+, followed by reaction of O2-- with ascorbate. EDTA changed the
      mechanism of Fe2+-stimulated ascorbate oxidation. 3. Stimulation of ascorbate
      oxidation by Cu2+ was also decreased by superoxide dismutase, but this appears to
      be an artifact, since apoenzyme or bovine serum albumin showed similar effects.

PMID- 182137
TI  - Stimulation of prolactin synthesis and of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate
      formation by prostaglandins and thyroliberin in cultured rat pituitary cells.
AB  - 1. The effects of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha on prolactin synthesis were
      examined in a clonal strain of rat pituitary tumour cells, and compared with
      those of thyroliberin. 2. The prostaglandins and thyroliberin gave a dose-related
      and time-dependent stimulation of prolactin synthesis. The maximal effects (about
      twofold increases) were observed after 54h of treatment with 25nM-prostaglandin
      E2 and 2.5nM-prostaglandin F2alpha. A similar stimulation of prolactin synthesis
      was observed after 250nM-thyroliberin. The combined treatment with prostaglandins
      and thyroliberin did not increase prolactin synthesis over and above that
      obtained with each compound alone. 3. After removal of prostaglandins E2 and
      F2alpha there was a complete reversal of prolactin synthesis to pre-stimulation
      values 18h later (t1/2less than or equal to 9h). The rapid reversible effect of
      prostaglandins was in contrast with that of thyroliberin, where prolactin
      synthesis returned to control values with a t1/2 of about 42 h. 4. Prostaglandin
      E2 (5mum) and thyroliberin (5mum) increased cellular concentrations of cyclic AMP
      eight- and four-fold respectively. Maximal effects were observed after 2-5min of
      incubation. The increases in cyclic AMP were biphasic; normal values were
      obtained 60 min after the start of incubation with prostaglandin E2 or
      thyroliberin. 5. The dose/response curve showed that prostaglandin E2 caused
      maximal increase of cyclic AMP at 50nM. Concentrations of prostagland in E2 that
      caused half-maximal stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation and of prolactin
      synthesis were 4 and 5nM respectively. 6. Combined treatment with prostaglandin
      E2 and thyroliberin in concentrations that separately caused maximal cyclic AMP
      increases did not result in a further increase in this cyclic nucleotide. 7.
      These results are consistent with a role of cyclic AMP in mediating the effects
      or prostaglandins and thyroliberin on prolactin synthesis. However, if cyclic AMP
      is involved as a common intracellular mediator of prolactin synthesis, it cannot
      alone explain all the effects of prostaglandins and thyroliberin in this cell
      system.

PMID- 182138
TI  - Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in lymphoid tissue. Nature of the
      endogenous substrates and their contribution to the respiratory fuel of the
      sliced rat spleen in vitro.
AB  - 1. Tissue glycogen contributes, maximally, only 10% of the respiratory fuel of
      the rat spleen slice in the absence of an added carbon source, and makes no
      significant contribution when glucose (3mM) is added. 2. The reserves of fatty
      acid in the form of triglyceride (35.5mumol of fatty acid/g dry wt. of tissue)
      fall by approx. 25% after incubation of spleen slices with or without added
      glucose for 2h, and , on this basis, account for 32% of the oxidative fuel. 3. In
      contrast, the total oxidative contribution of fatty acid reserves to the
      respiratory fuel, determined on the basis of inhibiton of respiration by 2
      bromostearate, is 42-52%. This range includes tissue from both starved and well
      fed animals and is not significantly altered by the presence of added glycose
      (3mM). 4. Large quantities of NH3 (31-35mumol//h per g dry wt. of tissue) are
      produced by spleen slices incubated in the absence of added substrates, and this
      value is suppressed by approx. 50% on incubation with glucose (3mM). Adenine
      nucleotide breakdown can account for only 17% of the total ammonia produced. 5.
      Individual free amino acid concentrations in spleen were determined, both in vivo
      and in slices before and after 60 min of incubation. Although the total free
      amino acid pool size increases by 45% during incubation, owing to protein
      breakdown, the tissue concentrations of aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and
      alanine do not increase. It is suggested that these amino acids areoxidized in a
      net sense to CO2 and water with the liberation of free NH3 via transamination
      reactions, glutaminase, the purine nucleotide cycle and the tricarboxylic acid
      cycle. 6. It is concluded that the normal endogenous metabolism of sliced rat
      spleen (43-52% due to lipids, 30% due to amino acids and 10% due to glycogen) is
      modified by added glycose only to the extent that glycogen oxidation and 50% of
      the contribtion made by ino acids are suppressed; endogenous lipid metabolism is
      unaffected.

PMID- 182140
TI  - Effect of elongation factor 2 and of adenosine diphosphate-ribosylated elongation
      factor 2 on translocation.
AB  - 1. The effect of elongation factor 2 (EF 2) and of adenosine diphosphate
      ribosylated elongation factor 2 (ADP-ribosyl-EF 2) on the shift of endogenous
      peptidyl-tRNA from the A to the P site of rat liver ribosomes (measured by the
      peptidyl-puromycin reaction) and on the release of deacylated tRNA (measured by
      aminoacylation) was investigated. 2. Limiting amounts of EF2, pre-bound or added
      to ribosomes, catalyse the shift of peptidyl-tRNA in the presence of GPT; when
      the enzyme is added in substrate amounts GMP-P(CH2)P [guanosine (beta, gamma
      methylene)triphosphate] can partially replace GTP. ADP-ribosyl-EF 2 has no effect
      on the shift of peptidyl-tRNA when present in catalytic amounts, but becomes
      almost as effective as EF 2 when added in substrate amounts together with GTP;
      GMP-P(CH2)P cannot replace GTP. 3. The release of deacylated tRNA is induced only
      by substrate amounts of added EF 2 and also occurs in the absence of guanine
      nucleotides. In this reaction ADP-ribosyl-EF 2 is only 25% as effective as EF 2
      in the absence of added nucleotide, but becomes 60-80% as effective in the
      presence of GTP or GMP-P(CH2)P. 4. The results obtained on protein-synthesizing
      systems are consistent with the hypothesis that ADP-ribosyl-EF 2 can operate a
      single round of translocation followed by binding of aminoacyl-tRNA and peptide
      bond formation. 5. From the data obtained with the native enzyme it is concluded
      that the two moments of translocation require different conditions of interaction
      of EF 2 with ribosomes; it is suggested that the shift of peptidyl-tRNA is
      catalysed by EF 2 pre-bound to ribosomes, and that the release of tRNA is induced
      by a second molecule of interacting EF 2. The hydrolysis of GTP would be required
      for the release of pre-bound EF 2 from ribosomes. 5. The inhibition of the
      utilization of limiting amounts of EF 2 on ADP-ribosylation is very likely the
      consequence of a concomitant decrease in the rate of association and dissociation
      of the enzyme from ribosomes.

PMID- 182139
TI  - Nuclear components responsible for the retention of steroid--receptor complexes,
      especially from the standpoint of the specifcity of  hormonal responses.
AB  - 1. By covalently linking nuclear components from hormone-sensitive cells to
      Sepharose 2B, it is possible to investigate the interaction between nuclear
      components and cytoplasmic receptor-steroid complexes by affinity chromatography.
      2. Many factors are implicated in the specifity of nuclear-cytoplasmic
      interactions, including the nature of the nuclear components, the presence of the
      cytoplasmic receptor protein and the provision of the appropriate steroid ligand.
      3. Two distinct sets of binding sites are present in nuclear extracts immobilized
      to Sepharose 2B, namely a small number of specific high-affinity sites and a
      larger number of non-specific low affinity-sites. 4. Considerable evidence
      supports the importance of the high-affinity binding sites in the manifestation
      of hormonal specificity in different tissues. Although the study has centred
      largely on androgenresponsive systems, the findings are germane to cytoplasmic
      nuclear interactions in general. 5. The high-affinity or acceptor sites in
      nuclear extracts reside in the basic but non-histone protein fraction. 6.
      Hormonal specificity is seemingly maintained by both the cytoplasmic and nuclear
      components, and the results are discussed in the context of the mechanism of
      action of steroid hormones.

PMID- 182141
TI  - The biochemistry of fatty liver and kidney syndrome. Biotin-mediated restoration
      of hepatic gluconeogenesis in vitro and its relationship to pyruvate carboxylase
      activity.
AB  - Liver slices from chicks affected by the fatty liver and kidney syndrome display
      an extremely low extent of hepatic gluconeogenesis which is associated with
      decreased activities of certain rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzymes. Pyruvate
      carboxylase activity is particularly severely affected, being less than 4% of
      control values. Incubation of affected slices in a biotin-containing nutrient
      medium restores both gluconeogenesis and pyruvate carboxylase actiivity (the
      latter to approx. 35% of the control valve). Activities of the other enzymes
      studied were not greatly affected by this treatment. Restoration of
      gluconeogenesis did not occur if biotin was excluded from the nutrient medium,
      nor was it prevented by protein-synthesis inhibitors. It is concluded that the
      syndrome involves the lack of available biotin in the liver rather than
      suppression of apocarboxylase synthesis.

PMID- 182142
TI  - Calcium uptake by subcellular fractions of pancreatic islets. Effects of
      nucleotides and theophylline.
AB  - Uptake of 45Ca2+ by a microsomal fraction isolated pancreatic islets of non
      inbred ob/ob mice was studied. ATP strongly stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake, the maximum
      effect being obtained with 2mM-ATP. GTP and CTP at this concentration did not
      increase the uptake. Scatchard analysis revealed at least two types of uptake
      mechanisms in the presence of 2mM-ATP; the apparent association constants were
      1.1 x 10(5)m(-1) and less than 2.5 x 10(2)m(-1). In contradistinction to an
      unaffected low-affinity uptake, the high-affinity uptake was drastically
      decreased on ommission of ATP. The ATP-dependent and high-affinity uptake was
      half-saturated at about 10-20mum-Ca(2+) and was inhibited by 10 or 100mum cyclic
      AMP, 10mum cyclic GMP, 10 mum cyclic GMP, or 5mm-theophylline. 45ca2+ uptake in
      the absence of ATP was not affected by 100mum-cyclic AMP. In view of its
      sensitivity to ATP and cyclic nucleotides, the high-affinity Ca2+-uptake
      mechaniam may play a role in stimulus-secretion coupling in the beta-cells by
      regulating the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+.

PMID- 182144
TI  - Phospholipid composition of the plasma membrane of the green alga, Hydrodictyon
      africanum.
AB  - A plasma-membrane fraction was isolated from the alga Hydrodictyon africanum by
      micro-dissection and its phospholipid components were analysed.
      Phosphatidylcholine was the major phospholipid of the preparation. Both
      phosphatidylserine and diphosphatidylglycerol were enriched in the fraction
      compared with the whole cell, but the relative amount of phosphatidylglycerol
      present was less than that in the whole cell. Phosphatidylinositol was absent
      from the plasma-membrane preparation.

PMID- 182145
TI  - The subcellular loclization and properties of the ferrochelatase of etiolated
      barley.
AB  - The etioplast fraction prepared from dark-grown barley contained the enzyme
      ferrochelatase. A mitochondrial fraction prepared from the same dark-grown tissue
      also contained ferrochelatase. After density-gradient centrifugation an etioplast
      band was collected that was free from detectable mitochondrial marker enzymes and
      yet retained ferrochelatase activity. A membrane band that was enriched in
      mitochondria also contained ferrochelatase. The ferrochelatase in these two bands
      had different pH optima, but appeared very similar in their porphyrin specificity
      and their inhibition by metalloporphyrins.

PMID- 182143
TI  - The purification and biological properties of pancreatic big glucagon.
AB  - 1. Big glucagon was present in extracts of ox, dog, rat and turkey pancreas,
      representing 10-15% of the glucagon immunoreactivity, and was shown to be of
      islet origin by its presence in extracts of isolated pigeon islets. 2. Big
      glucagon was homogeneous by immunoassay after polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis
      and was more electronegative than little glucagon. 3. Big glucagon was purified
      from bovine pancreas, and its apparent molecular weight was estimated by gel
      filtration as 8200+/-9%. 4. Limited tryptic proteolysis of the molecule produced
      an immunoreactive component slightly smaller than little glucagon. 5. Linear
      dilution curves were obtained with mammalian big glucagons by using both
      enteroglucagon cross-reacting and 'little-glucagon-carboxyl-end-specific'
      antisera. 6. The half-times for the disappearance of the immunoreactivity of big
      and little glucagon that had been injected into the rat circulation were 6.9 and
      3.2min respectively. 7. Big glucagon was approximately one-sixth as effective as
      little glucagon in displacing radioactive little glucagon from its liver membrane
      receptor. 8. Big glucagon was equipotent on a molar basis with little glucagon in
      the stimulation of the mouse islet adenylate cyclase, an indicator of
      insulinogenic activity. 9. On a molar basis, big glucagon inhibited basal liver
      adenylate cyclase activity to the same extent that little glucagon stimulated the
      enzyme. 10. Big glucagon was without effect on blood glucose concentration in the
      rat in doses up to 5mug/kg. 11. Big glucagon was equipotent, on a molar basis,
      with little glucagon in stimulating lipolysis in isolated chicken fat-cells.

PMID- 182147
TI  - Nuclear binding of progesterone in hen oviduct. Binding to multiple sites in
      vitro.
AB  - Steroid hormones, including progesterone, are known to bind with high affinity
      (Kd approximately 1x10(-10)M) to receptor proteins once they enter target cells.
      This complex (the progesterone-receptor) then undergoes a temperature-and/or salt
      dependent activation which allows it to migrate to the cell nucleus and to bind
      to the deoxyribonucleoproteins. The present studies demonstrate that binding the
      hormone-receptor complex in vitro to isolated nuclei from the oviducts of laying
      hens required the same conditions as do other studies of bbinding in vitro
      reported previously, e.g. the hormone must be complexed to intact and activated
      receptor. The assay of the nuclear binding by using multiple concentrations of
      progesterone receptor reveals the presence of more than one class of binding site
      in the oviduct nuclei. The affinity of each of these classes of binding sites
      range from Kd approximately 1x10(-9)-1x10(-8)M. Assays using free steroid (not
      complexed with receptor) show no binding to these sites. The binding to each of
      the classes of sites, displays a differential stability to increasing ionic
      concentrations, suggesting primarily an ionic-type interaction for all classes.
      Only the highest-affinity class of binding site is capable of binding
      progesterone receptor under physioligical-saline conditions. This class represent
      6000-10000 sites per cell nucleus and resembles the sites detected in vivo
      (Spelsberg, 1976, Biochem. J. 156, 391-398) which cause maximal transcriptional
      response when saturated with the progesterone receptor. The multiple binding
      sites for the progesterone receptor either are not present or are found in
      limited numbers in the nuclei of non-target organs. Differences in extent of
      binding to the nuclear material between a target tissue (oviduct) and other
      tissues (spleen or erythrocyte) are markedly dependent on the ionic conditions,
      and are probably due to binding to different classes of sites in the nuclei.

PMID- 182146
TI  - Nuclear binding of progesterone in chick oviduct. Multiple binding sites in vivo
      and transcriptional response.
AB  - 1. Varied doses of labelled or unlabelled progesterone were injected into
      immature chicks which had previously been stimulated with oestrogen. The
      concentrations of nuclear bound [3H]progesterone were correlated with the effects
      of the hormone on endogenous RNA polymerase I and II activities in isolated
      oviduct nuclei. 2. The extent of nuclear localization of [3H]progesterone in
      oviduct (a progesterone target tissue) was shown to be much greater than in lung
      (non-target tissue). The conccentration of bivalent cations in solvents used in
      the nuclei isolations has a marked effect on the amount of bound hormone in the
      nuclei. 3. Evidence for the existence of several classes of binding sites for
      progesterone in the oviduct nuclei is given. These classes represent about 1000)
      10000 and 100000 molecules of the hormone per cell nucleus and are saturated by
      injecting approx. 10, 100 and 1000 mug of progesterone respectively. 4. When
      saturation of the first (highest affinity) class of nuclear sites occurs, a
      marked inhibition in RNA polymerase II (but not RNA polymerase I) activity was
      observed. When the second class of sites was saturated, alterations in both RNA
      polymerase I and II activities were observed. Binding to the third class of
      nuclear binding sites was not accompained by further changes in polymerase
      activity. It is suggested that the first two classes of nuclear binding sites may
      represent functional sites for progesterone action in the chick oviduct.

PMID- 182150
TI  - Long-term effects of a high glucose concentration on cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase activity in mouse pancreatic islets maintained in tissue
      culture.
AB  - It has been suggested that the stimulatory effect of glucose on insulin release
      may be mediated by the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase system. In
      this study it was found that exposure of isolated pancreatic islets to an
      elevated extracellular glucose concentration for 1 week in vitro caused an
      increase of the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in the islet cells. These
      and previous data indicate that there is an increased turnover of cyclic AMP in B
      cells exposed for a prolonged time to a high extracellular glucose concentration,
      which also causes an increased turnover rate of insulin.

PMID- 182148
TI  - Nuclear binding of progesterone in hen oviduct. Role of acidic chromatin proteins
      in high-affinity binding.
AB  - The multiple classes of binding sites for the progesterone-receptor complex in
      hen oviduct muclei were found to be of chromatin origin. The highest-affinity,
      and presumably most physiologically important class, is localized in oviduct
      chromatin and contains approx. 6000-10000 sites per nucleus. None of these sites
      is detected in spleen chromatin. Two new techniques were used for assaying
      rapidly the binding of steroid-receptor complexes to soluble
      deoxyribonucleoproteins in vito. The extent of high-affinity binding by the
      nucleo-acidic protein fraction from spleen chromatin is as great as that by the
      nucleo-acidic protein from oviduct chromatin. Consequently the tissue-specific
      nuclear binding of the progesterone receptor is found not to be a consequence of
      the absence of the nuclear binding sites (acceptors) from chromatin of non-target
      tissue (spleen), but rather a result of complete masking of these sites. In the
      target-tissue (oviduct) chromatin, approx. 70% of the high-affinity acceptor
      sites are also masked. Acidic proteins, and not histones, appear to be
      responsible for the masking of these acceptor sites. In addition, acidic proteins
      represent (or at least are an essential part of) these high-affinity sites in the
      oviduct  nucleus. Pure DNA displays a few high-and many low-affinity binding
      sites. In support of previous work with immature chicks, the acidic protein
      fraction of the nucleo-acidic results thus support the hypotheis that protein
      complexed with DNA, and not DNA alone, represent the high-affinity binding sites
      for the steroid-receptor complexes in nuclear chromatin. The lower-affinity
      classes of binding sites may represent DNA and/or other nuclear components.

PMID- 182151
TI  - The existence of a glyconeogenic pathway in rat skin.
AB  - The existence of a glyconeogenic pathway in rat skin has been demonstrated by
      measurement of three of the key glyconeogenic enzymes, fructose 1,6
      bisphosphatase, pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and
      by studies on the incorporation in vitro of carbon from pyruvate and alanine into
      skin glycogen.

PMID- 182149
TI  - Role of ubiquinone in the mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide.
AB  - Antimycin-inhibited bovine heart submitochondrial particles generate O2- and H2O2
      with succinate as electron donor. H2O2 generation involves the action of the
      mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, in accordance with the McCord & Fridovich
      [(1969) j. biol. Chem. 244, 6049-6055] reaction mechanism. Removal of ubiquinone
      by acetone treatment decreases the ability of mitochondrial preparations to
      generate O2- and H2O2, whereas supplementation of the depleted membranes with
      ubiquinone enhances the peroxide-generating activity in the reconstituted
      membranes. Addition of superoxide dismutase to ubiquinone-reconstituted membranes
      is essential in order to obtain maximal rates of H2O2 generation since the
      acetone treatment of the membranes apparently inactivates (or removes) the
      mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Parallel measurements of H2O2 production,
      succinate dehydrogenase and succinate-cytochrome c reductase activities show that
      peroxide generation by ubiquinone-supplemented membranes is a monotonous function
      of the reducible ubiquinone content, whereas the other two measured activities
      reach saturation at relatively low concentrations of reducible quinone. Alkaline
      treatment of submitochondrial particles causes a significant decrease in
      succinate dehydrogenase activity and succinate-dependent H2O2 production, which
      contrasts with the increase of peroxide production by the same particles with
      NADH as electron donor. Solubilized succinate dehydrogenase generates H2O2 at a
      much lower rate than the parent submitochondrial particles. It is postulated that
      ubisemiquinone (and ubiquinol) are chiefly responsible for the succinate
      dependent peroxide production by the mitochondrial inner membrane.

PMID- 182152
TI  - Energy-conserving reactions in phosphorylating electron-transport particles from
      Nitrobacter winogradskyi. Activation of nitrite oxidation by the electrical
      component of the protonmotive force.
AB  - 1. In electron-transport particles (ET particles) prepared from Nitrobacter
      winogradskyi, the uncoupling agent carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone increased the
      rate of NADH oxidation but decreased the rate of oxidation of NO2-. Its
      effectiveness in stimulating NADH oxidation closely paralleled its effectiveness
      in inhibiting NO2- oxidation. 2. In the presence of ADP and phosphate the
      oxidation of NADH was stimulated, whereas the oxidation of NO2- was inhibited. In
      the presence of excess of Pi the concentration dependence with respect to ADP was
      the same for acceleration of NADH oxidation and inhibition of NO2- oxidation. 3.
      Oligomycin inhibited NADH oxidation and stimulated the oxidation of NO2-. The
      concentration of oligomycin required to produce half-maximal effect in both
      systems was the same. 4. The apparent Km for NO2- was not affected by ADP
      together with Pi, by uncoupling agent or by oligomycin. 5. With NADH as
      substrate, classical respiratory control was observed. With NO2- as substrate the
      respiratory-control ratio was less than unity. 6. A reversible uptake of H+
      accompanied the oxidation of NO2- by ET particles. 7. In the presence of NH4Cl or
      cyclohexylamine hydrochloride, H+ uptake was abolished and increased rates of NO2
      oxidation were observed. When valinomycin was present in the reaction medium,
      low concentrations of NH4Cl inhibited NO2- oxidation. 8. Pretreatment of ET
      particles with oligomycin enhanced the stimulation of NO2- oxidation induced by
      NH4Cl or by cyclohexylamine hydrochloride. Pretreatment with the uncoupler
      carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone prevented these stimulations. 9. In the presence
      of dianemycin together with K+, the uptake of H+ was abolished and the rate of
      NO2- oxidation was increased. In contrast, in the presence of valinomycin
      together with K+, the uptake of H+ was increased, and the rate of NO2- oxidation
      decreased. 10. Sodium tetraphenylboron was found to be an inhibitor of NO2-
      oxidation, but caused a stimulation of NADH oxidation which was dependent on the
      presence of NH4Cl or cyclohexylamine hydrochloride. 11. It is concluded that the
      enhanced rate of NO2- oxidation observed in the absence of energy-dissipating
      processes clearly relates to some state before the involvement of adenine
      nucleotides, and it is suggested that the oxidation of NO2- generates a
      protonmotive force, the electrical component of which controls the rate of NO2-
      oxidation.

PMID- 182153
TI  - Reduction of cytochromes by nitrite in electron-transport particles from
      Nitrobacter winogradskyi: proposal of a mechanism for H+ translocation.
AB  - 1. A novel component in the respiratory chain of Nitrobacter winogradskyi was
      identified. This component absorbs maximally at 552.5 nm when in its reduced
      form, has an Eo' (pH7.0) value of-110mV and undergoes reduction by a mechanism
      involving the transfer of a single electron. 2. Degrees of reduction of
      cytochromes c and a1 in electron-transport (ET) particles were monitored during
      the course of NO2- oxidation, and the effects of ADP together with Pi, oligomycin
      and of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone were determined. 3. The influences of
      ionophorous antibiotics, NH4Cl and cyclohexylamine hydrochloride on the
      reductions of cytochromes c and a1 by NO2- indicate that the flow of reducing
      equivalents from cytochrome a1 (+350mV) to cytochrome c (+270mV) is facilitated
      by deltapsi, the electrical component of the protonmotive force. 4. Cytochromes c
      and a1 in ET particles are reduced by the non-physiological reductant KBH4 in a
      manner similar to that observed with the physiological reductant NO2-. 5. To
      account both for the observed cytochrome reductions and for the translocation of
      H+ ions which accompanies NO2- oxidation, a mechanism is proposed which involves
      the transfer of a hydride equivalent (H+ plus 2e) inward across the membrane of
      the ET particle in response to deltapsi.

PMID- 182154
TI  - Regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in rat liver microsomal preparations
      catalysed by CDP-choline-1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (EC
      2.7.8.2) was inhibited by a combination of ATP and CoA or ATP and pantetheine.
      ATP alone at high concentrations (20 mM) inhibits phosphatidylcholine formation
      to the extent of 70%. In the presence of 0.1 mM-CoA, ATP (2 mM) inhibits to the
      extent of 80% and in the presence of 1 mM-pantetheine to the extent of 90%. ADP
      and other nucleotide triphosphates in combination with either CoA or pantetheine
      are only 10-30% as effective in inhibiting phosphatidylcholine synthesis.
      AMP(CH2)PP [adenosine 5'-(alphabeta-methylene)triphosphate] together with CoA
      inhibits to the extent of 59% and with pantetheine by 48%. AMP-P(CH2)P [adenosine
      5'-(betagamma-methylene)triphosphate] together with either CoA or pantetheine had
      no significant effect on phosphatidylcholine formation. Other closely related
      derivatives of pantothenic acid were without effect either alone or in the
      presence of ATP, as were thiol compounds such as cysteine, homocysteine,
      cysteamine, dithiothreitol and glutathione. Several mechanisms by which this
      inhibition might take place were ruled out and it is concluded that ATP together
      with either CoA or pantetheine interacts reversibly with phosphatidylcholine
      synthetase to cause temporarily the inhibition of phosphatidylcholine formation.

PMID- 182155
TI  - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. Does
      glycolysis control calcium transport in the B-cell?
AB  - 1. The metabolism of glucose and the exchangeable Ca2+ pool were measured in rat
      pancreatic islets, in order to assess the possible significance of glycolysis in
      the process of glucose-induced insulin release. 2. At high glucose concentration
      (16.7 mM), glucose was metabolized at the following rate (pmol of glucose
      residue/h per islet +/- S.E.M.): 131 +/- 11 for glucose uptake, 129+/-8 for
      glucose utilization, as judged by the conversion of [5-3H]glucose into 3H2O,60+/
      2 for lactate output and 25+/-2 for glucose oxidation. 3. The secretory pattern
      usually correlated with the metabolic data. For instance, the ability of
      different sugars (glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, D-glyceraldehyde) to
      stimulate lactate output closely paralleled their relative insulinotropic
      capacity. A disparity between metabolic and secretory responses was, however,
      encountered in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline. 4. Despite
      this contrasting behaviour, the size of the Ca2+- exchangeable pool (net uptake
      of 45Ca2+) was invariably proportional to the rate of lactate output under all
      experimental conditions examined. It is concluded that glycolysis usually exerts
      a tight control on the rate constant for Ca2+ transport across the B-cell
      membrane.

PMID- 182157
TI  - Selective control of the degradation of normal and aberrant proteins in Reuber
      H35 hepatoma cells.
AB  - 1. Rates of degradation of normal and abnormal protein were measured in hepatoma
      cells after labelling first for 16h with [14C]leucine plus L-arginine and then
      for 3h with [3H]-leucine plus the arginine analogue, L-canavanine. 2. Over the
      first 2h of the degradation period, canavanine-containing proteins were degraded
      at approximately 5 times the average degradation rate of normal proteins. 3.
      Degradation of normal proteins was inhibited by about 30% by insulin,
      cycloheximide, puromycin, leupeptin, antipain and foetal calf serum, whereas
      these agents had a negligible effect on the breakdown of canavanine-containing
      proteins. 4. Other compounds inhibited degradation of both classes of protein to
      equal extents. 5. Combination experiments showed no additional inhibitory effects
      on the degradation of normal proteins over degradation measured in the presence
      of a single selective inhibitor. 6. In contrast with the results with a 16 h
      labelling period, the degradation of normal proteins labelled for only 3 h was
      not inhibited by insulin. 7. These results are explained by a model with two
      distinct pathways of protein turnover. The first of these pathways involves the
      formation of autophagic vacuoles and would be completely inhibited by each of the
      selective inhibitors. Normal and canavanine-containing proteins would be
      catabolized by this pathway at equal rates. We propose that degradation by a
      second pathway is not regulated by the agents tested, but by the inherent
      stability of each protein.

PMID- 182156
TI  - Activity and androgenic control of glycolytic enzymes in the epididymis and
      epididymal spermatozoa of the rat.
AB  - 1. Procedures were developed for the extraction and assay of glycolytic enzymes
      from the epididymis and epididymal spermatozoa of the rat. 2. The epididymis was
      separated into four segments for analysis. When rendered free of spermatozoa by
      efferent duct ligation, regional differences in enzyme activity were apparent.
      Phosphofructokinase, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase were more active in the proximal regions of the epididymis, whereas
      hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and phosphorylase were more active in the
      distal segment. These enzymes were less active in the epididymis of castrated
      animals and less difference was apparent between the proximal and distal
      segments. However, the corpus epididymidis from castrated rats had lower
      activities of almost all enzymes compared with other epididymal segments. 3.
      Spermatozoa required sonication to obtain satisfactory enzyme release. Glycolytic
      enzymes were more active in spermatozoa than in epididymal tissue, being more
      than 10 times as active in the case of hexokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase and
      phosphoglycerate mutase. 4. The specific activities of a number of enzymes in the
      epididymis were dependent on the androgen status of the animal. These included
      hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde phosphate
      dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase, glycerol phosphate
      dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate
      dehydrogenase and phosphorylase. 5. The caput and cauda epididymidis differed in
      the extent to which enzyme activities changed in response to an altered androgen
      status. The most notable examples were hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase,
      phosphoglycerate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and phosphorylase.

PMID- 182158
TI  - Effect of haematocrit value and pO2 on the redox state and metabolism of the
      perfused liver.
AB  - 1. The haematocrit value and pO2 of blood perfusing the isolated liver were
      varied. Provided O2 content of the blood was not rate-limiting, O2 consumption
      was related to haemotocrit value rather than O2 saturation or pO2. 2. Hypoxia
      caused the blood-glucose concentration and ketogenesis to increase and the output
      of very-low-density (d less than 1.006) lipoproteins to decrease. 3. A decrease
      in pO2 caused an increase in both the (lactate)/(pyruvate) and (3
      hydroxybutyrate)/(acetoacetate) and a decrease in (ATP)/(ADP) ratios,
      independently of O2 consumption. 4. The more reduced redox state was associated
      with a shift in the balance between the oxidation and esterification of free
      fatty acids in favour of oxidation. 5. Acetoacetate may be an important hydrogen
      acceptor during hypoxia of the liver.

PMID- 182159
TI  - Phosphate compounds in rat erythrocytes and reticulocytes.

PMID- 182160
TI  - Ferrocyanide: an inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase.

PMID- 182161
TI  - Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors depress production of plasminogen
      activator by Chinese hamster ovary cells.

PMID- 182162
TI  - A 17O-effect on the EPR spectrum of the intermediate in the dioxygen-laccase
      reaction.

PMID- 182163
TI  - Histone phosphorylation during liver regeneration.

PMID- 182164
TI  - Irreversible inhibition of phosphorylase phosphatase by fluorophosphate.

PMID- 182165
TI  - Cyclic GMP: control of concentration by light in retinal photoreceptors.

PMID- 182166
TI  - Preferential dephosphorylation of protein bound phosphorylthreonine and
      phosphorylserine residues by cytosol and mitochondrial "casein phosphatases".

PMID- 182167
TI  - The catalytic effect of the carcinogen "4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide" on the
      oxidation of vitamin C.

PMID- 182168
TI  - Catecholamine-induced lipolysis: only via cyclic AMP?

PMID- 182169
TI  - Glucocorticoids--uptake by simple diffusion by cultured Reuber and Novikoff rat
      hepatoma cells.

PMID- 182170
TI  - The kinins. A status report.

PMID- 182171
TI  - Possible regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the adrenal medulla of
      the rat by a cAMP-dependent mechanism.

PMID- 182172
TI  - Pulmonary patterns of adenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate accumulations in
      response to adrenergic or histamine stimulation in Bordetella pertussis
      sensitized mice.

PMID- 182173
TI  - The effect of various anaesthetic techniques on the flow rate, constituents and
      enzymic composition of rat bile.

PMID- 182174
TI  - The effect of alkylating agents on adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate metabolism in
      Walker carcinoma.

PMID- 182175
TI  - Effect of histamine on lung cyclic AMP levels in normal and pertussis-vaccinated
      mice.

PMID- 182176
TI  - Effect of penicillamine on the conversion of dopa to dopachrome in the presence
      of tyrosinase or ceruloplasmin.

PMID- 182177
TI  - Distribution of adenyl cyclase sensitive to histamine in rabbit gastric mucosa.

PMID- 182178
TI  - Lethality of cyanide in the absence of inhibition of liver cytochrome oxidase.

PMID- 182179
TI  - Mode of action of isoniazide (INH). Short communication: isolation and
      identification of an analog of NAD from 3H-INH-treated bacterial cells.

PMID- 182180
TI  - Solid phase radioimmunoassay of apolipoprotein B (apo B) in normal human plasma.
AB  - A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for apolipoprotein B
      (apoB), a major constituent of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) in man. Antisera were prepared against apoB in goats
      and rabbits, coupled to bromoacetyle cellulose, and the complex was incubated
      with [125I] LDL. The RIA was based on the displacement of [ 1252]-LDL by unknown
      samples, as compared with unlabeled LDL standards, using a logit transformation
      to calculate results. The RIA was found to be satisfactory in terms of precision,
      sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity. Control subjects had mean apoB
      levels of 94 mg/100 ml in whole fasting plasma, of which 3.6 mg/100 ml plasma
      were in the VLDL, while 86 mg/100 ml plasma were in the LDL. Both the
      triglyceride and apoB content of VLDL, and the cholesterol and apoB content of
      LDL were positively correlated. It is concluded that the solid phase
      radioimmunoassay described in the present report provides a rapid and relatively
      simple means of quantitating apoB in normal human plasma.

PMID- 182181
TI  - Results of colestipol therapy in Type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Twenty-five patinets with well defined Type ii hyperlipoproteinemia were treated
      with a divided 15 g daily dose of colestipol, a bile acid sequestrant, for
      periods of up to 20 months. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Those with
      no obvious sequelae, those with arcus corneae, xanthomas, and/or xanthelasmas
      only, and those with atherosclerotic complications. Colestipol lowered plasma
      cholesterol in all 3 groups, but reduced it to normal or near-normal levels in
      only 9 of the 25 patients (36%). The response of plasma triglycerides was highly
      varible; the mean for each group was elevated by the drug. Colestipol was well
      tolerated and its effect did not diminish with time. It is a useful drug in the
      treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 182182
TI  - Cholesterol metabolism following portacaval shunt in the pig.
AB  - Portacaval shunting resulted in lower serum cholesterol and low density
      lipoprotein levels in comparison with values for littermate control pigs.
      Triglyceride levels were lower in the shunted animals only while receiving a low
      fat diet. The reductions in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of shunted
      pigs while receiving a standard pig diet were shown to be related to reduced
      hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides.

PMID- 182183
TI  - Lipid transport in the avian species. Part I. Isolation and characterization of
      apolipoproteins and major lipoprotein density classes of male turkey serum.
AB  - (1) Lipoproteins from the serum of male turkeys maintained on a normal diet were
      separated by sequential preparative ultracentrifugation into VLDL (d less than
      1.006 g/ml), LDL (d = 1.006-1.063 g/ml), HDL (d = 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and VHDL (d
      greater than 1.21 g/ml). Lipoprotein density classes were characterized by
      analytical ultracentrifugation, agarose electrophoresis, immunodiffusion and
      immunoelectrophoresis, and by quantitative determination of protein, lipids and
      individual phosphatides. (2) HDL were the major density class representing 75% of
      the total lipoprotein content, LDL accounted for approximately 20% and VLDL for
      only 3-5% of the total lipoproteins. (3) VLDL were characterized by a relatively
      low content of glyceride (34%). Cholesterol esters were the major lipid (38%) of
      LDL, and the phospholipids (26%) of HDL. Glycerides of all major density classes
      consisted of equal amounts of triglycerides and diglycerides. (4)
      Phosphatidylcholine was the major phosphatide in all density classes. The
      composition of phosphatides was very similar in the VLDL and LDL, but it was
      different in the HDL. The ratio of phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin was higher
      in HDL than in VLDL and LD. (5) Immunological and electrophoretic studies showed
      that all three major density classes consisted of two lipoprotein families
      designated, in analogy to the human serum lipoprotein system [1], as LP-A and LP
      B. The exception was HDL3 (d = 1.125-1.21 g/ml) which contained only LP-A. (6)
      ApoB was insoluble in aqueous buffers but could be solubilized after reduction
      and carboxymethylation. No C- or N-terminal amino acids were released by the
      usual chemical methods. The carbohydrate moiety of ApoB contained mannose,
      galactose and galactosamine. (7) ApoA consisted of a non-identical polypeptides
      designated in analogy to the human polypeptides as A-I and A-II. A-I was the
      major ApoA polypeptide and had a molecular weight of about 27,000. This
      polypeptide contained no half cystine, and the aspartic acid as the N-terminal
      and alanine as the C-terminal amino acids. A-II had a molecular weight of about
      10,000, contained no half cystine and had alanine as the C-terminal amino acid. A
      II showed no N-terminal amino acid by either dansylation, dinitrophenylation or
      Edman's procedure. Neither A-I nor A-II contained neutral sugars or hexosamines.
      (8) Concentrations of polypetides analogous to human ApoC, ApoD and "arginine
      rich" polypeptide, if present, were too low for their unequivocal chemical
      characterization.

PMID- 182184
TI  - Lipid transport in the avian species. Part 2. Isolation and characterization of
      lipoprotein A and lipoprotein B, two major lipoprotein families of the male
      turkey serum lipoprotein system.
AB  - (1) Male turkey serum contains two major lipoprotein families designated as LP-A
      and LP-B in its lipoprotein density classes. These two lipoprotein families were
      separated from each of the lipoprotein density classes by affinity chromatography
      on concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B. LP-A was present in the unretained and LP-B in
      the retained fractions. Both lipoprotein families were characterized by
      determination of their immunological and electrophoretic properties, the
      flotation coefficient and chemical composition. (2) LPb was distributed over a
      wider density range than LP-A. Seventy-four percent of LP-B was found in the LDL,
      17% IN The VLDL and 8% in the HDL. In contrast, 98% of LP-A was present in the
      HDL and 2% in the LDL fractions: there were only trace amounts of LP-A in the
      VLDL. (3)Immunological and electrophoretic studies showed that the protein moiety
      of LP-A contained only the two non-identical A-I and A-II polypeptides of ApoA.
      The protein moiety of LP-B consisted only of ApoB. (4) Isolation of LP-A and LP-B
      from the major lipoprotein density classes provided further experimental evidence
      to confirm the existence of chemically distinct lipoprotein families as the
      fundamental physical-chemical entities of the serum lipoprotein system.

PMID- 182185
TI  - Transport kinetics of plasma free fatty acid, very low density lipoprotein
      triglycerides and apoprotein in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia:
      effects of 2,2-dimethyl, 5(2, 5-xylyoxy) valeric acid therapy.
AB  - The effects of C1-719 on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations have been
      examined in four patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia maintained on an
      isocaloric diet for a period of 6 months. During therapy (400 mg/day) the mean
      plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were reduced by 35% and 15%
      respectively, while the administration of 800 mg/day reduced these by 49% and
      31%. This hypolipidaemic effect was due to a reduction in the circulating level
      of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) without a change in their composition.
      Before treatment the plasma VLDL triglyceride turnover, and FFA flux, were higher
      than that of normal subjects maintained on a similar diet. The plasma VLDL B
      apoprotein turnover was similarly higher than in the controls. Administration of
      C1-719 decreased the plasma VLDL triglyceride turnover, FFA flux and VLDL B
      approtein turnover. The drug reduced the insulin response following a glucose
      load with some decrease in glucose levels. The results suggest that the increase
      in plasma triglyceride concentration in patients with endogenous
      hypertriglyceridaemia is due to increased production of plasma VLDL triglyceride
      and its apoptein associated with an enhanced supply of FFA for hepatic
      triglyceride synthesis. C1-719 exerts a hypolipidaemic effect through a reduction
      of VLDL production, consequent upon inhibition of lipolysis as well as decreased
      synthesis of the apoprotein carrier. These effects could in part be explained by
      an improvement in peripheral tissue responsiveness to insulin and decreased
      exposure of the liver to high levels of insulin. However, a direct effect of the
      drug on adipose tissue and liver metabolism has to be considered.

PMID- 182187
TI  - Effect of hypertension on the entry of 125 I-labelled low density lipoprotein
      into the aortic intima in normal-fed rabbits.
AB  - The entry of [125I]-labelled low density lipoprotein (LDL) into different regions
      of the aortic intima has been studied over a 6 hour period in both normotensive
      and renal hypertensive rabbits fed a normal diet. Studies have also been carried
      out in previously hypertensive rabbits in which the blood pressure was normalized
      with parenteral hydralazine during the six hour period, in which entry was
      studied. In the normotensive rabbits entry into the aortic intima was less than 1
      mug of LDL protein/100 mg dry defatted weight over the 6 hour period with
      greatest entry into aortic arch intima and significantly less into both the
      thoracic and abdominal aortic intimae. Hypertension increased the entry into the
      arch and into aortic arch intimae. Hypertension increased the entry into the arch
      and into the thoracic and abdominal segments but this was only statistically
      significant for the aortic arch. The entry of [125I] LDL into the intima in those
      rabbits in which the hypertension had been normalized was similar to that for the
      hypertensive rabbits. The results suggest that hypertension in the normal fed
      rabbit increases lipoprotein  entry into the arterial wall by an effect on vessel
      wall permeability rather than by a direct effect of filtration pressure.

PMID- 182188
TI  - [The use of hallucinogens in folkloric psychiatry].

PMID- 182186
TI  - The formation of deoxycholic acid in patients with type II and IV
      hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - The formation of deoxycholic acid (D) was studied in 8 patients with Type II
      hyperlipoproteinaemia and in 6 with Type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia, using orally
      administered [2.4--3H]cholic acid and [24--14C]deoxycholic acid. The diet was
      standardized and of natural type. The mean values for fractional turnover, pool
      size and D synthesis in the patients with Type II pattern were 0.23 days-1, 331
      mg and 75 mg/day, respectively; in Type IV they were 0.39 days-1, 587 mg and 191
      mg/day. Compared with a group of healthy subjects, the pool size and formation of
      D were normal in Type IV, but significantly reduced in Type II. The mean
      conversion of cholic acid into the circulating pool of D was calculated to be 37%
      in Type II, and 38% in Type IV patients. Both these values are within normal
      limits.

PMID- 182189
TI  - [Various ways of acquiring the pericapsule at the nuclear membrane level by
      Herpes simplex virus and human cytomegalovirus].

PMID- 182190
TI  - [Effect of thyroxine on the contents of cyclic AMP and on the activity of cyclic
      AMP phosphodiesterase in hepatocytes of the rat].

PMID- 182191
TI  - Murine leukaemia virus group-specific antigen in tumor-resistant tetraparental
      AKR reversible CBA/H-T6 chimaeras.
AB  - Various facts are now known about the relative lymphoma resistance of a group of
      tetraparental AKR reversible CBA/H-T6 chimaeras derived by early embryo
      aggregation. Firstly, their tumour resistance is not due to the lack of the
      lymphomaprone AKR cells. Secondly, results showing titres of MuLV-gs antigen
      comparable with, and occasionally in excess of, those in the AKR suggest that the
      tumour resistance of the chimaeras is unlikely to be due to a lack of oncogenic
      leukaemia virus. However, in marked contrast to the AKR, antibody-viral antigen
      renal complexes in the chimaeras were minimal. Lack of viral antigens could not
      explain the relative lack of renal complexes. Absence of the corresponding anti
      viral antibody is the most likely explanation and this has to be attributed to
      the CBA component of the tetraparental AKR reversible CBA/H-T6 chimaeras. We
      suggest that with tolerance to the leukaemia virus being maintained and in the
      absence of anti-viral antigenic complexes, tumour-specific sites can be
      recognized and thus tumours are eliminated. This hypothesis remains to be proven.

PMID- 182192
TI  - The innate resistance of CBA mice to endogenous murine leukaemia virus infection.
AB  - The incidence of lymphomata in CBA mice is low and furthermore is unaltered by
      transplantation at the early blastocyst stage and being born from the lymphoma
      prone AKR. The number of C-type murine leukaemia virus particles in CBA derived
      in this manner and milk-fostered by AKR mice in no way differs from normal CBA.
      The results suggest that the oncogenic Gross virus does not pass through either
      the transplacental or transmammary routes, or alternatively that viral
      replication in the CBA was in some way inhibited. Both possibilities have still
      to be distinguished.

PMID- 182193
TI  - Purification of a tumour cell aggregation-promotin factor associated with rat
      ascites hepatoma cell surface.

PMID- 182194
TI  - Sympathetic nerve involvement with mesothelioma of the pleura.

PMID- 182195
TI  - Crippling lung disease after measles and adenovirus infection.
AB  - Four children who developed severe lung disease after measles are described. One
      child died and three have been left with severe impairment of lung function. It
      is suggested that secondary infection with an adenovirus was responsible for
      causing the lung disease in these patients. The immune response to measles was
      abnormal. Measles virus may have rendered the children more susceptible to
      serious complications from infection with the adenovirus. The many deaths from
      'measles pneumonia' in developing countries and the occasional occurence of post
      measles bronchiectasis in this country may be due to secondary  adenovirus
      infections. Further viral and serological studies are required to confirm this
      hypothesis.

PMID- 182196
TI  - Factors influencing the response of Escherichia coli to antibiotics in conditions
      prevailing in the infected urinary bladder.
AB  - The response of a sensitive strain of Escherichia coli to a variety of
      antibiotics was examined in an in vitro model which simulates the hydrokinetic
      features of the urinary bladder. Recovery of bacterial cultures from antibiotic
      effects was observed following exposure to bactericidal and bacteristatic
      antibiotics and no substantial difference was noted between the effectiveness of
      bacteristatic and bactericidal agents except that bacteristatic antibiotics were
      more influenced by alteration of the conditions of "diuresis" and "frequency of
      micturition". The response of dense bacterial populations to high concentrations
      of 3 beta-lactam antibiotics varied markedly under the different hydrokinetic
      conditions. Possible reasons for these variations are discussed.

PMID- 182197
TI  - Status spongiousus resulting from intracerebral infection of mice with
      temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - Mice infected intracerebrally (i.c.) with wild-type (wt) VSV or temperature
      sensitive (ts) mutants, ts 11, ts 22, ts 31 and ts 41, were studied for the
      development of histopathological lesions in the central nervous system (CNS).
      Mice infected i.c. with wt VSV exhibited histopathological lesions consisting
      principally of occasional foci of perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration and
      rare foci of necrosis. All wt VSV infected mice died within 2 days of i.c.
      inoculation. In contrast, mice infected i.c. with ts 22 and ts 31 developed
      spongiform lesions limited to the grey matter of the spinal cord beginning 4 days
      after inoculation. The spongiform lesions rapidly spread to involve the entire
      grey matter of the spinal cord by 5-7 days after infection. Vacuolar changes were
      restricted principally to neuronal processes and astrocytes. Ts 22 and ts 31
      infected mice developed neurological illness beginning 4 days after infection and
      the majority of mice died by 7 days after infection. Mice infected with ts 11 and
      ts 41, on the other hand, remained clinically well and were devoid of neuro
      pathological lesions at 4 and 8 days after infection.

PMID- 182198
TI  - The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin
      relationships.
AB  - 1. The B-vitamin status of fifty-nine patients, mainly from the lower socio
      economic classes in Bombay, with a history of chronic malnutrition, and of
      alcoholism of 1-5-20 years' duration, was studied before and during treatment,
      and in relation to their clinical, especially neurological, condition. These
      patients were divided into two neurological categories: (I) those with peripheral
      neuropathy (mainly sensory and distal) alone, (2) those with mental changes
      (mainly confusion and disorientation) also. Both categories frequently showed
      pellagrous pigmentation and mucocutaneous signs of B-vitamin deficiency. 2.
      Thiamin and erythrocyte transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) activity, riboflavin,
      nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, total and pyridoxal fraction of vitamin B6,
      folate and total vitamin B12 were estimated in the blood and the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) of these patients, and also in the blood of sixty-nine control
      subjects and in the CSF of some of them. The concentrations of all the vitamins,
      except vitamin B12, were highly significantly lower in the blood of patients of
      category I compared to the controls, and erythrocyte transketolase activity and
      pyridoxal concentration in patients of category 2 were significantly lower than
      those of category I patients. Blood pantothenic acid and folate concentrations
      were reduced less consistently. 3. Serum vitamin B12 concentration was
      significantly increased (though within normal range) in the patients compared to
      the control group, probably because of the moderate hepatic insufficiency (as
      assessed by liver function tests) in the former. 4. The concentrations of
      thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and total vitamin B6 were also highly
      significantly lower in the CSF in patients of category I compared with controls.
      Furthermore, thiamin, nicotinic acid and total vitamin B6 concentrations were
      significantly lower in patients of category 2 than those of category I patients,
      indicating that CSF levels reflect better the neurological status of these
      patients. 5. There was a moderate increase in the blood concentration of all the
      vitamins tested, after a relatively poor hospital diet alone. There was a
      concurrent increase in the blood levels of thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid
      and pantothenic acid after parenteral treatment with either thiamin or nicotinic
      acid. The administration of pyridoxine resulted in a significant increase in the
      blood levels of riboflavin and the pyridoxal fraction of vitamin B6.

PMID- 182199
TI  - Inhibition of estrogen-receptor-DNA interaction by intercalating drugs.
AB  - Ethidium bromide, an intercalating drug, was shown to inhibit the in vitro DNA
      binding of the uterine estradiol-receptor complex. The inhibition was reversible,
      dose dependent, complete for total saturation of DNA intercalating sites by the
      dye, and proportional to the extent of intercalated drug. The binding of the
      receptor to phosphocellulose and poly(adenylic acid)-cellulose was not decreased
      by this drug. Similar inhibition was also obtained with 9-hydroxyellipticine.
      Denatured DNA was more efficient at binding the estrogen receptor than
      phosphocellulose or poly(adenylic acid)-cellulose but less efficient than native
      DNA. We conclude that the DNA binding of the estrogen receptor cannot be simply
      interpreted in terms of electrostatic interactions but requires a particular
      double-helical structure of DNA.

PMID- 182200
TI  - Atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemia induced by cholesterol feeding the Patas monkey.
AB  - Patas monkeys were studied for 2 years on three dietary regimes: (1) commercial
      chow (control diet); (2) semipurified diet plus lard (fat-fed); and (3)
      semipurified diet plus lard and cholesterol (cholesterol-fed). The control and
      fat-fed animals had similar lipoproteins which were equivalent to the human very
      low density, low density (LDL), and high density lipoproteins. An additional
      lipoprotein referred to as LDL-II appeared to be equivalent to the human Lp(a).
      The cholesterol-fed animals developed accelerated atherosclerosis associated with
      a hypercholesterolemia which was characterized by (1) the appearance of beta
      migrating lipoproteins (B=VLDL) in the d less than 1.006, (2) an increase in the
      intermediate lipoproteins and LDL, and (3) the appearance of LDL-II which
      contained a prominence of the arginine-rich apoprotein. The arginine-rich
      apoprotein was also a prominent component of the B-VLDL and intermediate
      lipoproteins. Characterization of this apoprotein revealed that it contained 11.5
      mol % arginine, had a molecular weight of approximately 34 000, and
      coelectrophoresed with the arginine-rich apoprotein of man, dog, swine, rat, and
      rabbit.

PMID- 182201
TI  - Modification of membrane lipid: physical properties in relation to fatty acid
      structure.
AB  - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron spin resonance (ESR)
      measurements were made to characterize how modifications in the fatty acid
      composition of Escherichia coli affected the thermotropic phase transition(s) of
      the membrane lipd. When the fatty acid composition contained between 20 and 60%
      saturated fatty acids, the DSC curves for isolated phospholipids and cytoplasmic
      membranes showed a broad (15-25 degree C) gel to liquid-crystalline phase
      transition, the position of which depended on the particular fatty acid
      composition. Utilizing multiple lipid mutants, enrichment of the membrane
      phospholipids with a single long-chain cis-monoenoic fatty acid in excess of that
      possible in a fatty acid levels less than 20% and gradually replaced the broad
      peak as the cis-monoenoic fatty acid content increased. These results were
      obtained with phospholipids, cytoplasmic membranes, and whole cells. With these
      same phopholipids, plots of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy partitioning and
      ESR order parameters vs. 1/T revealed discontinuities at temperatures 40-60
      degrees C above the calorimetrica-ly measured gel to liquid-crystalline phase
      transitions. Moreover, when the membrane phospholipids were enriched with certain
      combinations of cis-monenoic fatty acids (e.g., cis-delta 9-16:1 plus cis-delta
      11-18:1) the DSC curve showed a broad gel to liquid crystalline phase change
      below 0 degrees C but the ESR studies revealed no discontinuities at temperatures
      above those of the gel to liquid-crystalline transition. These results
      demonstrated that enrichment of the membrane lipids with molecules in which both
      fatty acyl chains are identical cis-monoenoic residues led to a distinct type of
      liquid-crystalline phase. Furthermore, a general conclusion from this study is
      that Escherichia coli normally maintains a heterogeneous mixture of lipid
      molecules and, by so doing, prevents strong lipid-lipid associations that lead to
      the formation of lipid domains in the membrane.

PMID- 182202
TI  - Thermodynamic studies of binary and ternary complexes of pig heart lactate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The thermodynamics of the reaction catalyzed by pig heart muscle lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH; EC1.1.1,27) have been studied in 0,2 M potassium phosphate
      buffer, pH 7, over the temperature range of 10 to 35 degrees C by using oxamate
      and oxalate to simulate the corresponding reactions of the substrates pyruvate
      and lactate, respectively. The various complexes formed are characterized by
      Gibbs free energies, enthalpies, and entropies. The Gibbs free energies were
      determined by equilibrium dialysis investigations, fluorescence titrations, and
      ultraviolet difference spectroscopy, while the reaction enthalpies stem from
      direct calorimetric measurements, Formulas are given for both the temperature
      dependence of the equilibrium constants and the variation with temperature of the
      enthalpies involved in the four reactions between LDH and NADH or NAD, LDH-NADH
      and oxamate, and LDH-NAD and oxalate. All reactions show a marked negative
      temperature coefficient, deltacp, of the binding enthalpies indicating partial
      refolding to be associated with binary and ternary complex formation. This
      interpretation appears very probable in view of recent x-ray crystallographic
      studies on lactate dehydrogenase from dogfish, which demonstrate a volume
      decrease to occur on binding of oxamate to the LDH-NADH complex. The validity of
      the thermodynamic parameters, as derived with substrate analogues, for the actual
      catalytic reaction, gains strong support from the agreement between the sum of
      the heats involved in the four intermediary reactions reported in this study and
      direct determinations of the overall enthalpy associated with the catalytic
      process published in the literature.

PMID- 182203
TI  - Novikoff hepatoma deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase. Purification and properties
      of a homogeneous beta polymerase.
AB  - Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase-beta (EC 2.7.7.7) FROM THE Novikoff hepatoma has
      been purified over 200 000-fold (based on the increase in specific activity), by
      ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex,
      phosphocellulose, hydroxylapatite, and DNA-cellulose. The enzyme is remarkably
      stable through all stages of purification until DNA-cellulose chromatography when
      it must be kept in buffers containing 0.5 M NaCl and 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin
      for stability. The enzyme appears to be homogeneous as evidenced by a single
      stainable band when subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels of
      different porosity. The stainable band corresponds to the DNA polymerase as
      determined by slicing sister gels and assaying for enzyme activity. The specific
      activity of the homogeneous preparation is about 60 000 units/mg. The enzyme
      lacks detectable exonuclease or endonuclease activity. It has a molecular weight
      of 32 000 as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. In sucrose gradients, the molecular weight is estimated at 31
      000. The isoelectric point of the hydroxylapatite fraction enzyme is 8.5. The
      Novikoff beta-polymerase requires all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates,
      primer-template, and a divalent cation for maximal activity. The apparent Km for
      total deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate is 7-8 muM and for DNA 125 mug/ml.
      Activated DNA, rendered 7% acid soluble by DNase I, is the preferred primer
      template, although a number of synthetic polynucleotides can by efficiently
      utilized, particularly in the presence of Mm2+ optimum is 7 mM; the Mn2+ optimum
      is 1 mM. The pH optimum is 8.4 in Tris-HCl or 9.2 in glycine buffer. The beta
      polymerase is sstimulated about twofold by NaCl or KCl at an optimum of 50-100
      MM, and the enzyme maintains considerable activity at high ionic strengths. The
      DNA polymerase is inhibited by ethanol, acetone, and a variety of known
      polymerase inhibitors. Glycols stimulate the enzyme as does spermine or
      spermidine. Unlike most beta-polymerases, the Novikoff enzyme is moderately
      sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide.

PMID- 182205
TI  - Structure of an apolipoprotein-phospholipid complex: apoC-III induced changes in
      the physical properties of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine.
AB  - The effect of ApoC-III, a major apoprotein constituent of human very low density
      lipoproteins, on the physical properties of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)
      vesicles has been studied by magnetic resonance and fluorescence techniques. The
      sharp gel-liquid crystalline transition usually observed at 23 C in DMPC  is both
      broadened and elevated when ApoC-III is bound as determined (a) from measurements
      of microscopic viscosity by pyrene excimer fluorescence, (b) from the
      distribution of di-tert-butyl nitroxide between the bulk aqueous phase and the
      fluid lipid phase, and (c) from the motion of fatty acyl chains of spin-labeled
      phosphatdylcholine. Experiments involving the translocation of ascorbate and
      charged nitroxide ions and the movement of paramagnetic Eu 3+ ions indicate that
      when ApoC-III binds to DMPC vesicles, it increases their permeability or destroys
      their original bilayer structure. These two possibilities were distinguishable by
      gel filtration of the DMPC-ApoC-III complex (approximately 34 mol mol) that
      indicated that the product particles were significantly smaller than the original
      vesicles. Taken together, the data indicate that ApoC-III binding to DMPC not
      only decreases the acyl chain motion of individual lipid molecules, but also
      induces break-down of bilamellar vesicular structure to give significantly
      smaller complexes.

PMID- 182204
TI  - Molecular mechanism of cardiotoxin action on axonal membranes.
AB  - Cardiotoxin isolated from Naja mossambica mossambica selectively deactivates the
      sodium-potassium activated adenosine triphosphatase of axonal membranes.
      Tetrodotoxin binding and acetylcholinesterase activities are unaffected by
      cardiotoxin treatment. The details of association of cardiotoxin with the axonal
      membrane were studied by following the deactivation of the sodium-potassium
      activated adenosine triphosphatase and by direct binding measurements with a
      tritiated derivative of the native cardiotoxin. The maximal binding capacity of
      the membrane is 42-50 nmol of cardiotoxin/mg of membrane protein. The high amount
      of binding suggests association of the toxin with the lipid phase of the
      membrane. It has been shown that cardiotoxin first associates rapidly and
      reversibly to membrane lipids, then, in a second step, it induces a rearrangement
      of the membrane structure which produces and irreversible deactivation of the
      sodium-potassium activated adenosine triphosphatase. Solubilization of the
      membrane-bound ATPase with Lubrol WX gives an active enzyme species that is
      resistant to cardiotoxin-induced deactivation. Cardiotoxin binding to the
      membrane is prevented by high concentrations of Ca 2+ and dibucaine. Although
      cardiotoxins and neurotoxins of cobra venom have large sequence homologies, their
      mode of action on membranes is very different. The cardiotoxin seems to bind to
      the lipid phase of the axonal membrane and inhibits the sodium-potassium
      activated adenosine triphosphatase, whereas the neurotoxin associates with a
      protein receptor in the post-synaptic membrane and blocks acetylcholine
      transmission.

PMID- 182206
TI  - The identity of a cyanogen bromide fragment of bovine dentin collagen containing
      the site of an intermolecular cross-link.
AB  - A peptide fraction isolated from a cyanogen bromide digest of bovine dentin
      collagen had a molecular weight of 46000. Its size and amino acid composition
      indicated that it could not consist of peptides derived from the cleavage of a
      single alpha chain. On reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride, radioactivity
      was incorporated primarily into 5, 5'-dihydroxylysinonorleucine without
      degradation at the peptide backbone. Periodate cleavage of the reduced or
      nonreduced peptide fraction generated one fragment of molecular weight 28000 and
      one of 18000 completely accounting for the size of the parent peptide. On amino
      acid analysis the constituent single-chain peptides were determined to be
      alpha2CB4 and alpha1CB6. Both peptides isolated after periodate oxidation of the
      tritiated borohydride reduced cross-link peptide were found to contain
      (3H)hydroxynorvaline. These data show that some hydroxylysine of alpha2CB4, a
      helical region peptide, was present in aldehyde form and could act as the
      aldehyde donor icross-link, Schiff's base formation. The only cross-linkage of
      this alpha2CB4 acting as an aldehyde donor peptide to alpha1CB6 would be a
      helical region to helical region bond, perhaps accounting for the unusual
      stability and low solubility of dentin collagen.

PMID- 182207
TI  - An enzyme kinetics and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance study of selectively
      trifluoroacetylated cytochrome c derivatives.
AB  - The reaction of cytochrome c with ethyl thioltrifluoroacetate was carried out
      under conditions which led to the selective trifluoroacetylation of a small
      number of the 19 lysines. The mixture of derivatives was separated by ion
      exchange chromatography and four different derivatives with well-resolved 19F
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were obtained. Peptide mapping
      techniques indicated that one of these derivatives contained a single
      trifluoroacetyl group at lysine 22, and another derivative was singly labeled at
      lysine 25. The trifluoroacetylated lysine 22 derivative was fully active toward
      both succinate-cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.3.99.1) and cytochrome oxidase (EC
      1.9.3.1) white the trifluoroacetylated lysine 25 derivative was fully active
      toward the reductase, but had a threefold greater Michaelis constant in the 
      cytochrome oxidase reactin. This supports the hypothesis that the cytochrome
      oxidase binding site is located in the heme cervice region, and that Lys-25 is
      important in the binding. 19FNMR spectra of the cytochrome c derivatives bound to
      phospholipid vesicles were obtained. The reasonably narrow line widths (35-65 Hz)
      and good sensitivity of the trifluoroacetyl resonances indicated that they might 
      be useful probes for the interaction of cytochrome c with intact mitochondria.

PMID- 182208
TI  - Alterations in lipid acyl group composition and membrane structure in cells
      transformed by Rous sarcoma virus.
AB  - The acyl group composition of the phospholipids from normal chick embryo
      fibroblasts and from cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus was determined by
      gas-liquid chromatography. Rous-transformed cells had less arachidonate (20:4)
      and more oleate (18:1) in membrane lipids than normal, growing cells. Normal
      density-inhibited cells had the lowest ratio of 18:1/20:4. Associated with the
      decreased content of 20:4 in the transformed cells was a decreased motional
      freedom of an incorporated spin-labeled fatty acid analogue. Arrhenius plots for
      uptake of 2-deoxyglucose revealed an increased apparent activation energy in the
      transformed cells, suggesting that the hexose transport carriers were sensitive
      to the changes in membrane composition and structure in fully transformed cells.
      However, the development of the changes in fatty acid composition occurred
      relatively slowly in the course of transformation, indicating that the observed
      compositional alterations are not likely to be a primary cause of the early
      changes in membrane function associated with malignant transformation.

PMID- 182210
TI  - Essential arginyl residues in fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
AB  - Modification of pig kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase with 2,3-butanedione in
      borate buffer (pH 7.8) leads to the loss of the activation of the enzyme by
      monovalent cations, as well as to the loss of allosteric adenosine 5'
      monophosphate (AMP) inhibition. In agreement with the results obtained for the
      butanedione modification of arginyl residues in other enzymes, the effects of
      modification can be reversed upon removal of excess butanedione and borate.
      Significant protection to the loss of K+ activation was afforded by the presence
      of the substrate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, whereas AMP preferentially protected
      against the loss of AMP inhibition. The combination of both fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate and AMP fully protected against the changes in enzyme properties on
      butanedione treatment. Under the latter conditions, one arginyl residue per mole
      of enzyme subunit was modified, whereas three arginyl residues were modified by
      butanedione under conditions leading to the loss of both potassium activation and
      AMP inhibition. Thus, the modification of two arginyl residues per subunit would
      appear to be responsible for the change in enzyme properties. The present
      results, as well as those of a previous report on the subject (Marcus, F. (1975),
      Biochemistry 14, 3916-3921) support the conclusion that one arginyl residue per
      subunit is essential for monovalent cation activation, and another arginyl
      residue is essential for AMP inhibition. A likely role of the latter residue
      could be its involvement in the binding of the phosphate group of AMP.

PMID- 182209
TI  - Enzyme hyperspecificity. Rejection of threonine by the valyl-tRNA synthetase by
      misacylation and hydrolytic editing.
AB  - Valyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus activates thereonine and
      forms a 1:1 complex with threonyl adenylate, but it does not catalyze the net
      formation of threonyl-tRNAVal at pH 7.78 and 25  degrees  C in the quenched flow
      apparatus it decomposes at a rate constant of 36s-1. During this process there is
      a transient formation of Thr-tRNAVal reaching a maximum at 25 ms and rapidly
      falling to zero after 150 ms. At the peak, 22% of the (14C) threonine from the
      complex is present as (14C) Thr-tRNA. The reaction may be quenched with phenol
      and the partially mischarged tRNA isolated. The enzyme catalyzes its hydrolysis
      with a rate constant of 40s-1. The data fit a kinetic scheme in which 62% of the
      threonine from the threonyl adenylate is transferred to the tRNA. This may be
      compared with the rate constant of 12s-1 at which 84% of the valine is
      transferred to tRNAVal from the enzyme-bound valyl adenylate, and the rate
      constant of 0.015s-1 for the subsequent hydrolysis of Val-tRNAVal. Inhibition
      studies indicate a distinct second site for hydrolysis. The translocation of the
      aminoacyl moiety between the two sites could be mediated by a transfer between
      the 2'-and 3'-OH groups of the terminal adenosine fo the tRNA. The
      hyperspecificity of the enzyme is based on discriminating between the two
      competing substrates twice: once against the undesired substrate in the synthetic
      step, and once against the desired substrate in the destructive step.

PMID- 182211
TI  - Enveloped viruses as model membrane systems: microviscosity of vesicular
      stomatitis virus and host cell membranes.
AB  - The fluorescence probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene was used to study and
      compare the dynamic properties of the hydrophobic region of vesicular stomatitis
      virus grown on L-929 cells, plasma membrane of L-929 cells prepared by two
      different methods, liposomes prepared from virus lipids and plasma membrane
      lipids, and intact L-929 cells. The rate of penetration of the probe into the
      hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer was found to be much faster in the lipid
      vesicle bilayer as compared with the intact membrane, but in all cases the
      fluorescence anisotropy was constant with time. The L-cell plasma membranes, the
      vesicles prepared from the lipids derived from the plasma membranes, and intact
      cells are found to have much lower microviscosity values than the virus or virus
      lipid vesicles throughout a wide range of temperatures. The microviscosity of
      plasma membrane and plasma membrane lipid vesicles was found to depend on the
      procedure for plasma membrane preparation as the membranes prepared by different
      methods had different microviscosities. The intact virus and liposomes prepared
      from the virus lipids were found to have very similar microviscosity values.
      Plasma membrane and liposomes prepared from plasma membrane lipids also had
      similar microviscosity values. Factors affecting microviscosity in natural
      membranes and artificially mixed lipid membranes are discussed.

PMID- 182212
TI  - Evidence for phase boundary lipid. Permeability of Tempo-choline into
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles at the phase transition.
AB  - The existence of distinct regions of mismatch in molecular packing at the
      interfaces of the fluid and ordered domains during the phase transition of
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles has been demonstrated by measuring the
      temperature dependence of the permeability to a spin-label cation and comparing
      this with a statistical mechanical calculation of the fraction of interfacial
      lipid. The kinetics of uptake and release of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1
      oxycholine (Tempo-choline) spin label by single-bilayer
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles were measured using electron spin
      resonance spectroscopy to quantitate the amount of spin label present within the
      vesicles after removal of the external spin-label by ascorbate at 0 degrees C.
      Both the uptake and release experiments show that the Tempo-choline permeability
      peaks to a sharp maximum at the lipid-phase transition, the vesicles being almost
      impermeable to Tempo-choline below the transition and having a much reduced
      permeability above. The temperature profile of the permeability is in reasonable
      quantitative agreement with calculations of the fraction of interfacial boundary
      lipid from the Zimm and Bragg theory of cooperative transitions, which use
      independent spin-label measurements of the degree of transition to determine the
      cooperativity parameter. The relatively high intrinsic permeability of the
      interfacial regions (P approximately 0.2-1.0 X 10(-8) cm/s) is attributed to the
      mismatch in molecular packing of the lipid molecules at the ordered-fluid
      boundaries, which could have important implications not only for permeability in
      natural membranes (e.g., in transmitter release), but also for the function of
      membrane-bound enzymes and transport proteins.

PMID- 182213
TI  - Arthrobacter luteus restriction endonuclease recognition sequence and its
      cleavage map of SV40 DNA.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence at the cleavage site of the restriction endonuclease
      isolated from Arthrobacter luteus (Alu) has been determined. The endonuclease
      cleaves at the center of a palindromic tetranucleotide sequence to give even
      ended duplex DNA fragments phosphorylated at the 5'-end. The endonuclease cleaves
      SV40 form I DNA into 32 fragments. The order and sizes of these fragments have
      been determined to provide an Alu cleavage map of the SV40 genome.

PMID- 182214
TI  - Methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli: active stoichiometry and stopped
      flow analysis of methionyl adenylate formaiton.
AB  - Native dimeric methionyl-tRNA synthetase and its monomeric proteolytic fragment
      are shown to form and to bind 1 mol of methyionyl adenylate per polypeptide
      chain. Moreover, at 25 degrees C, each monomer of the dimeric native enzyme
      behaves independently, exhibiting the same parameters for the methionine
      activation reaction as does the monomeric modified enzyme. These results were
      obtained using several independent methods including equilibrium and
      nonequilibrium dialysis, active site and tryptophan fluorescence titrations, and
      stopped-flow by fluorescence. Stopped-flow resolution of the reversible
      methionine activation reaction also demonstrates that methionine and ATP-Mg2+
      react without coupling to form a ternary enzyme-methionine-ATP-Mg2+ complex. This
      complex readily converts to enzyme-methionyl approximately adenylate-PP-Mg2+ with
      a standard free energy close to zero. It is concluded that the uncoupled enzyme
      methionine-ATP-Mg2+ complex may resemble the transition state of the reaction at
      the expense of the additional state of the reaction at the expense of the
      additional synergistic binding energy provided by reciprocal coupling, within the
      site, of the methionine molecule with the adenosine and PP-Mg2+ parts of the ATP
      Mg2+ molecule (Blanguet, S., Fayat, G., and Waller, J. P. (1975), J. Mol. Biol.
      94, 1.).

PMID- 182215
TI  - Cobalt(III) affinity-labeled aspartokinase. Formation of substrate and inhibitor
      adducts.
AB  - The kinase active site of the aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase enzyme
      complex of Excherichia coli has been affinity labeled both with substrates
      aspartate and adenosine triphosphate and feedback inhibitor threonine. Co(III)
      exchange-inert adducts of aspartokinase and inhibitor or substrates were produced
      in situ by oxidation of Co(II) with H2O2. Emzyme-Co(III)-adenosine 5'
      triphosphate (ATP), enzyme-Co(III)-aspartate, and enzyme-Co(III)-threonine
      ternary adducts were produced in this manner. The formation of the enzyme-Co(III)
      threonine adduct leads us to conclude that threonine inhibits the kinase activity
      of this enzyme complex by binding in the first coordination sphere of the
      catalytic metal ion cofactor, a conclusion which is consistent with evidence
      derived from previous nuclear magnetic resonance data obtained in this
      laboratory. The quaternary adducts formed by H2O2 oxidation in the presence of
      aspartokinase, Co(II), ATP, aspartate, and threonine comprised a mixture of both
      ezyme-Co(III)-ATP-aspartate and enzyme-Co(III)-ATP-threonine adducts. The
      formation of the quaternary aspartate-containing adduct was unexpected, since the
      presence of threonine was expected to prevent access of the aspartate to the
      active site; most significantly however, the the sum of the numbers of aspartate
      plus threonine molecules incorporated per active site is one. We believe that
      this shows direct steric overlap between the metal-adjacent binding sites for
      aspartate and threonine. Aspartate or threonine can not occupy the kinase active
      site simultaneously; this conclusion is consistent with the direct competitive
      inhibition of aspartate by threonine observed in steady-state kinetic studies.

PMID- 182216
TI  - Binding of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase regulatory
      subunit to immobilized cyclic nucleotide derivatives.
AB  - Several cyclic nucleotide derivatives with aminoalkyl side chains attached to the
      purine ring were synthesized and their interactions with adenosine 3',5'
      monophosphate (cAMP) dependent protein kinase were studied before and after
      immobilization to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The soluble N6-substituted
      derivatives were as effective as cAMP itself in activating protein kinase and
      were more effective than 8-substituted cAMP derivatives, whereas the 2
      substituted cAMP derivatives and the cGMP derivatives were the least effective.
      All of the synthetic derivatives tested were poor substrates for beef heart
      phosphodiesterase being hydrolyzed at rates less than 2% for that of cAMP itself.
      Utilizing methodology developed to evaluate the affinity of protein kinase for
      immogilized cyclic nucleotides it was found that all of the immobilized cyclic
      nucleotides interacted with protein kinase in a biospecific manner as judged by
      the following criteria: (1) the immobilized cyclic nucleotides competed with cAMP
      for the binding sites on protein kinase; (2) the analogous spacer-arm did not
      compete; and (3) the effects of enzyme concentration, MgATP, and cleavage of the
      cyclic phosphate ring on the interactions of protein kinase with the immobilized
      cyclic nucleotides were the same as previously shown for free cAMP. In addition,
      the immobilized ligands were bound with the same order of effectiveness as the
      analogous soluble ligand. The observed Ka for the activation of 0.005 muM protein
      kinase by N6-H2N(CH2)2-cAMP was increased from 0.23 to 3 muM by the process of
      immobilization. This increase was unaffected by the coupling density and spacer
      arm length. The observed Kb for 0.10 muM protein kinase binding to immobilized N6
      H2N(CH2)2-cAMP was increased as the molecular sieving exclusion limit of the
      matrix used was decreased indicating that at least part of this decrease in
      apparent affinity upon immobilization is due to exclusion of the enzyme from a
      portion of the matrix and therefore of the immobilized ligand molecules.

PMID- 182217
TI  - Substrate Binding of avian liver prenyltransferase.
AB  - Prenyltransferase (farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase) was purified from avian
      liver and characterized by Sephadex and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      chromatography, peptide mapping, and end-group analysis. The enzyme is 85 800 +/-
      4280 daltons and consists of two identical subunits as judged by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate gel electrophoresis, peptide mapping, and end-group analysis. Chemical
      analysis of the protein revealed no lipid or carbohydrate components. Avian
      prenyltransferase synthesizes farnesyl pyrophosphate from either dimethylallyl or
      geranyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. A lower rate of
      geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthesis from farnesyl pyrophosphate and
      isopentenyl pyrophosphate was also demonstrated. Michaelis constants for farnesyl
      pyrophosphate synthesis are 0.5 muM for both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and
      geranyl pyrophosphate. The V max for the reaction is 1990 nmol min-1 mg-1 (170
      mol min-1 mol-1 enzyme). Substrate inhibition by isopentenyl pyrophosphate is
      evident at high isopentenyl pyrophosphate and low geranyl pyrophosphate
      concentrations. Michaelis constants for geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthesis
      are 9 muM for farnesyl pyrophosphate and 20 muM for isopentenyl pyrophosphate.
      The Vmax is 16 nmol min-1 mg-1 (1.4 mol min-1 mol-1 enzyme). Two moles of each of
      the allylic substrates is bound per mol of enzyme. The apparent dissociation
      constants for dimethylallyl, geranyl, and farnesyl pyrophosphates are 1.8, 0.17,
      and 0.73 muM, respectively. Dimethylallyl and geranyl pyrophosphates bound
      competitively to prenyltransferase with one-for-one displacement. Four moles of
      isopentenyl pyrophosphate was bound per mole of enzyme. Citronellyl
      pyrophosphate, an analogue of geranyl pyrophosphate, was competitive with the
      binding of 2 of the 4 mol of isopentenyl pyrophosphate bound. The data are
      interpreted to indicate that each subunit of avian liver prenyltransferase has a
      single allylic binding site accommodating dimethylallyl, geranyl, and farnesyl
      pyrophosphates, and one binding site for isopentenyl pyrophosphate. In the
      absence of an allylic pyrophosphate or analogue, isopentenyl pyrophosphate also
      can bind to the allylic site.

PMID- 182219
TI  - Spectroelectrochemical investigations of stoichiometry and oxidation-reduction
      potentials of cytochrome c oxidase components in the presence of carbon monoxide:
      the "invisible" copper.
AB  - Spectroelectrochemical studies are presented for the carbon monoxide complex of
      isolated, purified cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) in solutions saturated with
      carbon monoxide. The results indicate a stoichiometry of three equivalents per
      oxidase-carbon monoxide complex molecule. Formal reduction potentials (Eo) of the
      two copper and one heme component at pH 7.0 were obtained by means of
      quantitative absorbance-charge titrations in the absence and presence of
      cytochrome c, and by means of a Nernstian "Minnaert" plot in the presence of
      cytochrome c. Analysis of the absorbance-charge curves from these titrations gave
      an indirect determination of the high potential, "invisible" copper component.
      The copper potentials in the carbon monoxide complex were found to be relatively
      unchanged with respect to those of the native enzyme. The Eo values obtained
      were: high potential ("invisible") copper (340 +/- 20 mV (NHE)), low potential
      copper (190 +/- 20 mV), and low potential heme (250 +/- 10 mV).

PMID- 182218
TI  - Effects of alpha-amanitin, cycloheximide, and thioacetamide on low molecular
      weight nuclear RNA.
AB  - Studies were made on the effects of alpha-amanitin, cycloheximide, and
      thioacetamide on synthesis and content of low molecular weight nuclear RNA.
      Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis and the synthesis of 45S pre
      rRNA and 5S RNA, also inhibited synthesis of nuclear U1 and U3 RNAs. alpha
      Amanitin, an inhibited the synthesis of U1 and U2 low molecular weight nuclear
      RNA. Thioacetamide, which induces nucleolar hypertrophy and increased nucleolar
      RNA polymerase activity, markedly increased synthesis of 5.8S RNA and U3 RNA.
      These results show that syntheses of individual low molecular weight nuclear
      (LMWN) RNAs are controlled by different regulatory mechanisms. In particular,
      there appears to be a specific relationship between U3 RNA and functional states
      of the nucleolus.

PMID- 182220
TI  - Assignment of a ligand in stellacyanin by a pulsed electron paramagnetic
      resonance method.
AB  - The electron spin echo decay envelope for the blue copper protein, stellacyanin,
      and for a number of other Cu(II) complexes has been studied. Particular attention
      was given to the form of the "nuclear modulation" patterns, which show the
      effects of coupling between the electron spin and the neighboring nuclei. The
      envelopes for the hydrated cupric complex and for copper(II) glycylglycine were
      essentially the same and indicative of the coupling to protons. The peptide
      complex contains nitrogen nuclei coupled directly to Cu(II), but the coupling
      constant is so large for these nuclei that a modulation pattern ascribable to 14N
      is not seen. For copper(II) bovine serum albumin, on the other hand, a
      contribution due to the coupling of the remote nitrogen belonging to a histidyl
      imidazole ligand was observed. The modulation pattern for this complex and for
      stellacyanin closely resembled one another, strongly suggesting that an imidazole
      is ligated to the copper in this blue protein.

PMID- 182221
TI  - Study of cytochrome oxidase co-binding site using low-temperature flash
      photolysis.
AB  - Flash photolysis has been used to study the kinetics of CO-binding to the heme
      alpha isolated cytochrome oxidase. Experiments performed over the range 185-295
      degrees K with various CO concentrations have revealed significant deviations
      from the Arrhenius relationship between rate and temperature. These findings can
      be explained by a model in which the heme site is considered to have three
      regions between which CO can move; only from the innermost one can binding to the
      heme iron take place. The relative enthalpies and entropies of the three regions
      are calculated.

PMID- 182222
TI  - Characteristics of the corticosterone-receptor complex in rat liver cytosol.
AB  - Using a gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 in low ionic strength, it was possible
      to separate a corticosterone-binding protein in rat liver cytosol from
      corticosteroid-binding globulin after incubation of cytosol with
      [3H]corticosterone. The corticosterone-protein complex ("alpha-Complex") had a
      sedimentation coefficient of 8-9 S in low ionic strength. In high ionic strength,
      the alpha-Complex rapidly dissociated with a half-life of 15 h, compared to a
      half-life of 31 h for the hepatic dexamethasone-receptor complex under identical
      conditions (0 degrees C). The alpha-Compelx was saturable with an excess of
      unlabelled corticosterone of dexamethasone and was sensitive to heat and protease
      digestion. It is stressed that quantitation of the corticosterone-receptor
      complex must include separation of the receptor from corticosteroid-binding
      globulin as this protein binds corticosterone with high affinity and with a
      saturable amount of binding sites.

PMID- 182223
TI  - Visible absorption spectra of quantum mixed-spin ferric heme proteins.
AB  - Recently, it has been shown that the magnetic data for Chromatium ferricytochrome
      c' at pH 7 are consistent with quantum mechanically (as distinguished from
      thermally) mixed mid-spin (S = 3/2) and high-spin (S = 5/2) heme. Visible
      absorption spectra of the protein measured at 77 degrees K and 293 degrees K, pH
      7, show peaks at 400, 490, and 632 nm. The observation of a 630 nm band in
      quantum mixed-spin heme spectra, and the spin state-dependence of the band
      intensity, are discussed in the context of the iron-ligand structure for quantum
      mixed-spin heme inferred from magnetic data.

PMID- 182224
TI  - Synthesis of inducible enzyme in Escherichia coli recovering from prolonged
      energy starvation.
AB  - A marked breakdown of ribosomes and rRNA occurs in Escherichia coli cells during
      prolonged deprivation of a carbon source (energy starvation). In E. coli
      recovering from energy starvation: (a) synthesis of RNA started immediately,
      total protein synthesis showed a delay of 5 to 10 minutes; (b) beta
      galactosidase, tryptophanase and serine deaminase could not be induced in the
      first 50--70 min; (c) a lag of 60 min in the synthesis of beta-galactosidase was
      observed in a lac constitutive mutant of E. coli; synthesis of the constitutive
      enzyme malate dehydrogenase did not shown any delay. RNA synthesized in the early
      stages of recovery contained a higher percentage of low molecular weight
      molecules than RNA synthesized after 70 min of recovery or during exponential
      growth. Messenger RNA specific for beta-galactosidase was not synthesized for the
      first 50--60 min of recovery even when the specific inducer was added to the
      cultures.

PMID- 182225
TI  - Distribution of protein kinase activities in subcellular fractions of rat brain.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of histone and phosvitin kinase activities in brain
      has been studied and the ability of the various fractions to catalyse the
      phosphorylation of their endogenous proteins (intrinsic protein kinase activity)
      also examined. Synaptosome membrane fragments have little or no histone or
      phosvitin kinase activity but contain the highest concentration of cyclic AMP
      stimulated intrinsic protein kinase activity. Homogenisation of the membrane
      fragments in Triton X-100 increased the histone kinase activity but on
      centrifugation it was all recovered in the supernatant, while the insoluble
      material contained all the intrinsic protein kinase activity. These results
      indicate that the intrinsic protein kinase activity of cerebral membrane
      fragments is due to the presence of a kinase enzyme which is specific to certain
      membrane proteins. The intrinsic protein kinase activity of synaptosome membrane
      fragments is a rather slow reaction which takes several minutes to saturate all
      the acceptor proteins.

PMID- 182226
TI  - Studies on the interaction of propranolol with erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - The interaction of propranolol with erythrocyte membranes at concentrations
      stabilizing intact erythrocytes against hypotonic hemolysis produced
      corresponding perturbations in membrane protein and particularly membrane
      phospholipid components as monitored by increases in the reactivity of membrane
      amino and sulfhydryl groups towards trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and 5,5'-dithio
      bis(2-nitro-benzoic acid), respectively. Membrane-propranolol interactions were
      also analyzed in terms of alterations produced in the kinetic properties of
      membrane enzymes. These experiments provided evidence that propranolol-induced
      perturbations were sufficiently generalized as to influence the activity of
      enzymatic processes associated with both inner and outer membrane surfaces.
      Configurational changes in membrane phospholipids were implicated in these
      effects of propranolol, which included alterations in functionally significant
      membrane-cation interactions, It is suggested that the findings described here
      may provide a basis for understanding molecular aspects of membrane stabilization
      in other systems.

PMID- 182227
TI  - A spin label study of rat brain membranes. Effects of temperature and divalent
      cations.
AB  - Rat brain myelin, synaptosomal plasma membranes and synaptic vesicles were spin
      labelled with stearic acid nitroxide derivatives. Their electron spin resonance
      spectra were studied as a function of temperature and devalent ions (Ca2+ and
      Mg2+) concentrations. (1) Synaptosomal plasma membranes and synaptic vesicles
      show identical temperature variations of their order parameter (S = 0.58 at 35
      degrees C and S = 0.72 AT 22 DEGREES C). Myelin appears more rigid (S = 0.66 at
      35 degrees C and S = 0.76 at 22 degrees C). A discontinuity of the order
      parameter variation as a function of temperature, is observed between 14.5
      degrees C and l9.5 degrees C with the three types of membranes. (2) The
      hydrophobic core of these membranes is very fluid. No transition temperature is
      observed. The measured values of the spin label rotation correlation times and
      rotational activation energies are 2.1 and 2.8 ns at 35 degrees C and 3.1 and 3.6
      kcal/mol respectively for synaptosomal plasma membranes and myelin. (3) Ca2+
      enhances the membrane rigidity (12+/-0.7% increase of the order parameter at 35
      degrees C in the presence of 10(-3) M Ca2+) and increases the transition
      temperature. At a lower extend, similar effects are observed with Mg2+.

PMID- 182228
TI  - Monamine oxidase in outer membrane of skeletal muscle mitochondria.
AB  - (1) Monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) is present in rat skeletal muscle
      mitochondria. (2) A radioassay procedure for the assay of monoamine oxidase in
      muscle mitochondria is described. It is based on teh procedure using side-chain
      [2-14C]-tryptamine as substate described by Wurtman, R.J. and Axelrod, J. (1963)
      Biochem. Pharmacol. 12, 1439--1441 and employs a pH of 8.0 and a substrate
      concentration of 0.25 mM. (3) The Km of the muscle mitochondrial enzyme at pH 8.0
      is 1.34 - 10(-5) M and that of the liver enzyme under the same conditions is 2.5 
      10(-5) M. Muscle mitochondria contain only one quarter of the activity of enzyme
      present in liver mitochondria. (4) Monoamine oxidase is shown to be in the outer
      membrane of skeletal muscle mitochondria and thus to be a suitable marker enzyme
      for use in the fractionation of these mitochondria.

PMID- 182229
TI  - Evidence for a secretion of thyroxine by isolated hog thyroid cells.
AB  - Isolated thyroid cells prepared from hog thyroid glands by tryptic dispersion
      were incubated with 131I- for 1--6 h. Free [131I]thyroxine was identified in the
      incubation medium by three chromatographic methods. Neither [131I]iodotyrosines
      nor [131I]triiodothyronine were detected. The [131I]thyroxine released in the
      medium by 100 mul of cells (packed cell volume) after a 6-h incubation period
      amounted to 1.16% (S.E. = +/- 0.39) of the total radioactivity. The medium
      [131I]thyroxine represented 15--25% of the total [131I]thyroxine synthesized
      during the 6 h of incubation. Thyrotropin, 1--60 munits/ml, increased the medium
      [131I]thyroxine content 2-4 fold. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP mimicked the effect of
      thyrotropin. The amount of medium [131]thyroxine was strictly related to the
      amount of incubated cells but was independent of the volume of the incubation
      medium. When prelabeled cells were incubated in the presence of methimazole the
      increase in medium [131I]thyroxine was quantitatively related to a decrease in
      the intracellular [131I]thyroxine. Addition of dinitrotyrosine, an inhibitor of
      the deiodinase activity, induced the release of iodotyrosines in the incubation
      medium. That the incubation supernatant of isolated thyroid cells did contain
      free thyroxine but not iodotyrosines suggests that the normal mechanisms of
      proteolysis of thyroglobulin and deiodination of iodotyrosines inside the cells
      are preserved. From these data, it was concluded that the thyroxine release by
      isolated cells represents a real secretion.

PMID- 182230
TI  - Production of superoxide anion during the oxidation of hemoglobin by menadione.
AB  - Menadione in the presence of oxyhemoglobin will accelerate the formation of
      methemoglobin and result in the generation of superoxide anion. Menadione appears
      to oxidize slowly ferrohemoglobin to ferrihemoglobin, while forming menadione
      semiquinone in the process. Menadione semiquinone is known to react with
      molecular oxygen to yield superoxide anion. The superoxide anion appears to be
      the source of hydrogen peroxide which accounts for most of the observed
      methemoglobin formation when hemoglobin is reacted with menadione.

PMID- 182231
TI  - Kinetic studies of Rhus vernicifera laccase. Evidence for multi-electron transfer
      and an oxygen intermediate in the reoxidation reaction.
AB  - 1. The reoxidation of reduced Rhus vernicifera laccase
      (monophenol,dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1) by
      molecular oxygen has been studied by optical absorption and EPR methods. 2. The
      reoxidation by oxygen of the type 1 Cu+ and the two-electron acceptor is
      characterized by a second-order rate constant of about 5-10(6) M-1-s-1. 3. The
      appearance of an optical intermediate (with an absorbance maximum around 360 nm)
      parallels the reoxidation of type 1 Cu+ and the two-electron acceptor. It
      disappears in a first-order reaction with a half-time of 20 s. A similar
      intermediate is formed during normal turnover. 4. The type 2 Cu+ appears to be
      reoxidized in an intramolecular reaction with a half-time of about 20 s,
      suggesting a correlation between the reoxidation of this site and the
      disappearance of the optical intermediate. 5. The results suggest that three
      electrons are rapidly transferred to oxygen leading to the formation of an enzyme
      bound oxygen intermediate.

PMID- 182232
TI  - Protein kinases from liver mitochondria of tumour-bearing rats.
AB  - The mitochondria of liver of Yoshida ascites tumour-bearing rats contained two
      forms of protein kinase distinguishable on the basis of their kinetic properties,
      substrate specificity and responses to cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      (cAMP). One of these (kinase I) was activated 2-3 fold by cAMP while the other
      form (kinase II) was insensitive to the action of cAMP. Kinase I which was
      selective towards histone F1 as substrate was obtained as a homogeneous
      preparation and was observed to have a molecular weight of 170 000 by Sephadex G
      150 gel filtration. Protein kinase II appeared to be a smaller protein with
      molecular weight of 54 000 and was specific towards acidic proteins namely casein
      and phosvitin. Protein kinases isolated from liver mitochondria of normal rats
      showed variations in respect to elution profile of DEAE-cellulose and
      electrophoretic mobility. The preparation corresponding to kinase I did not show
      stimulatory responses to cAMP.

PMID- 182233
TI  - Human thyroid cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Its characterization and the
      effect of several hormones on the activity.
AB  - Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activities (3',5'-cyclic AMP 5'
      nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17) were investigated in the human thyroid gland
      from patients with hyperthyroidism. Low substrate concentration (0.4 muM) was
      used. About 60% of the cyclic-AMP and 80% of the cyclic-GMP hydrolytic activities
      in the homogenate were obtained in the soluble fraction (105 000 X g
      supernatant). The thyroid gland contains two forms of cyclic-AMP
      phosphodiesterase, one with a Km of 1.3-10(-5) M and the second with a Km of 2
      10(-6) M. Cyclic-AMP and cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase were purified by gel
      filtration on a Sepharose-6B column. Cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activities were
      found in a broad area corresponding to molecular weights ranging from approx. 200
      000 to 250 000 and cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity was found in a single
      area corresponding to a molecular weight of 260 000. Cyclis-AMP phosphodiesterase
      activities were stimulated by the protein activator which was found in human
      thyroid and this stimulation was dependent on Ca2+. Stimulation of cyclic-AMP
      phosphodiesterase by the activator was not significant even in the presence of
      enough Ca2+. The effect of D,L-triiodothyronine, D,L-thyroxine, L-diiodotyrosine,
      L-monoiodotyrosine, L-thyronine, L-diiodothyronine, thyrotropin, hydrocortisone,
      adrenocorticotropin, cyclic-AMP and cyclic-GMP on the phosphodiesterase
      activities was studied. Cyclic-AMP, cyclic-GMP, D,L-triiosothyronine, D,L
      thyroxine, adrenocorticotropin and hydrocortisone where found to inhibit the
      phophodiesterase. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine inhibited cyclic-AMP
      phosphodiesterase more effectively than cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase. Thyroxine
      was a more potent inhibitor than triiodothyronine. The concentration of cyclic
      AMP producing a 50% inhibition of cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity was 5-10(
      5) M, while the concentration of cyclic GMP producing a 50% inhibition of cyclic
      AMP phosphodiesterase was 3-10(-3) M. Both cyclic-AMP and cyclic-GMP
      phosphodiesterase activities in the homogenate of hyperthyroidism, thyroid
      carcinoma and adenoma were higher than in normal thyroid tissue, when assayed
      with a low concentration of the substrate (0.4 muM). When a higher concentration
      (1 mM) of cyclic nucleotides was used as the substrate, cyclic-AMP hydrolytic
      activity in adenoma tissue was similar to that of normal tissue, while the other
      activities were higher than normal.

PMID- 182234
TI  - The estimation and comparison of molecular weight of angiotensin I converting
      enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis.
AB  - The angiotensin I converting enzyme from rat lung was observed to be a
      glycoprotein containing 8.3% carbohydrate and consisting of a single polypeptide
      chain with an estimated molecular weight of 139 000 as determined by sodium
      dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 150 000 by sucrose density
      gradient sedimentation analysis. A comparison of the mobility of angiotensin I
      converting enzyme from rat lung, rabbit lung, and two hog lung sources on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels indicates that all four enzymes have very
      similar molecular weights and subunit structures. Some previously reported
      molecular weight discrepancies appear to be due to anomalous behavior of the
      enzyme of gel filtration.

PMID- 182235
TI  - Effect of carbamidomethylation of cysteine residues G11(104)alpha on the
      properties of hemoglobin A.
AB  - A modified hemoglobin tetramer has been prepared containing carbamidomethylated
      G11(104)alpha cysteine residues. The molecule is electrophoretically identical to
      hemoglobin A, at pH 8.6, contains 2 titratable sulfhydryl groups per tetramer,
      and shows a normal oxygen affinity at half-saturation. However, the cooperative
      oxygen binding is significantly decreased. As the G11(104)alpha cysteine residues
      are located at the alpha1beta1 contact point in the hemoglobin tetramer, the
      results of this study indicate that modification within this portion of the
      molecule does not interfere with the assembly of subunits to form a tetramer or
      the resultant p50 but can cause a significant alteration of cooperative oxygen
      binding. In addition, spin-labels attached to this cysteine residue are not
      sensitive to changes in conformation which may take place at this contact point
      during oxygen binding. It is therefore possible that modification of the
      G11(104)alpha cysteine residue abolishes the contribution of the alpha1beta1
      contact point to the cooperative oxygen binding phenomenon.

PMID- 182236
TI  - Conformational studies of corticotropin1-32 and constitutive peptides by circular
      dichroism.
AB  - Circular dichroism spectra on corticotropin1-32 and its constitutive N-, and C
      terminal peptides are determined in water and trifluoroethanol under several
      conditions in the aromatic and peptide spectral regions. Furthermore, the effects
      of pH and varied mixtures of water-trifluoroethanol are examined on the
      corticotropin1-32 molecule. The results show that the N- and C-terminal series
      have a different behaviour in both aqueous and organic media. Corticotropin and
      the former peptides display "random" spectra in water, and alpha-helix type
      spectra in trifluoroethanol, while the latter have "random" spectra in both
      solvents. In the holopeptide corticotropin, the side chain-side chain effects, as
      reflected by the titration curves obtained from variations in the aromatic
      region, support the idea of an helical organization of part of the backbone even
      in aqueous solution. When going from water to trifluoroethanol corticotropin1-32
      undergoes a conformational change which leads to an alpha-helix, following a
      linear pathway. These results, together with other observations, indicate the
      possible role of the conformation of corticotropin molecules in their biological
      life.

PMID- 182237
TI  - Resonance raman studies of a c type algal cytochrome. Deuterium shifts and a
      comparison with mammalian cytochrome c.
AB  - A c type cytochrome isolated from Synechococcus lividus grown on water and 2H2O
      media, has been studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy. The spectra were taken
      on the oxidized and reduced protein with excitation within the Soret band at
      441.6 nm to determine whether individual resonance Raman bands of the heme shift
      upon deuterium substitution and also to provide a comparison with the spectra of
      horse heart cytochrome c. Some of the shifts observed with the deuterated heme c
      are larger than the corresponding shifts in meso-deuterated metalloporphyrins
      suggesting mixing of peripheral substituent vibrations with the skeletal modes of
      the porphyrin macrocycle. The algal cytochrome exhibits resonance Raman spectra
      roughly similar to those of horse heart cytochrome c, consistent with its optical
      absorption spectra which is typical of c type cytochromes, although a detailed
      comparison reveals note-worthy differences between the spectra of the two
      proteins; this may be a reflection of the effect of non-methionine ligands and
      protein environment on the vibrations of the c type heme in the algal cytochrome.

PMID- 182238
TI  - A structural study of pig liver glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - A substantial portion of the primary structure of pig liver glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase has been investigated and the results compared with those
      previously reported for the pig muscle enzyme. Liver and muscle glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenases show the same amino acid content, and the first N
      terminal residues occur in the same sequence. No differences in N-terminal
      residues and amino acid composition have been evidenced by analysis of several
      tryptic peptides, which account for about 50% of the total amino acid sequence.
      From the electrophoretic mobilities of peptides T8 T9 and T25 it is concluded
      that residues Asp 60, Asp 67 and Glu 220 in the reported sequence of the pig
      muscle enzyme must be present as amides in the liver enzyme. The NAD+ content was
      found to be 2 mol per tetramer, while higher values have been reported for the
      muscle enzyme from various mammalian sources. The reactivity of lysyl side chains
      towards pyridoxal 5'-phosphate has been examined: the results indicate that Lys
      212 is the main site reacted in fully inactivated pig liver holoenzyme. A similar
      result has been found for rabbit muscle apoenzyme, whereas rabbit muscle
      holoenzyme reacts at Lys 212 and 191.

PMID- 182239
TI  - Calcium-binding proteins in electroplax and skeletal muscle. Comparison of the
      parvalbumin and phosphodiesterase activator protein of Electrophorus electricus.
AB  - A soluble calcium-binding protein has been isolated from the red skeletal muscle
      of the electric eel (Electrophorus electricus). The purification procedure
      involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 in the
      presence of 45Ca2+, and chromatography on QAE-Sephadex. This procedure resulted
      in the isolation of a protein which was homogeneous upon polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The calcium-binding protein was found to be a typical
      parvalbumin by the following criteria: (1) molecular weight of 11 000; (2) pI of
      4.7; (3) 1.9 mol Ca2+ bound per mol protein; Kd of approx. 10(-7) M; (4) no
      detectable phosphorus; (5) amino acid composition included nine residues of
      phenylalanine, single arginine, and no tyrosine or tryptophan; (6) ximax at 259
      nm; (7) 260 nm:280 nm absorbance ratio of 4.78. Only one parvalbumin could be
      detected in muscle. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the parvalbumin was a
      major soluble component of skeletal muscle (0.10 mg/mg soluble protein), but
      could not be detected in liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart or electroplax.
      Comparison of the parvalbumin with a calcium-binding protein previously isolated
      from electroplax revealed that the two proteins were different as judged by a
      variety of chemical criteria. These results suggest that during embryological
      development of electroplax the parvalbumin is lost and that it is not required
      for the function of electric tissue.

PMID- 182240
TI  - Platelet lipoproteins. A comparative study with serum lipoproteins.
AB  - The nature of human platelet lipoproteins was studied in two series of
      experiments. In the first series, whole platelets were utilized for extraction of
      lipoproteins by three different methods: chloroform/methanol/phenol; saline; or
      sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation of platelet homogenates. By polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis we were able to demonstrate the existence of lipoprotein in
      the extracts obtained by the last two methods. These lipoproteins were found not
      to share antigenic determinants with alpha and beta serum lipoproteins. The
      second series of experiments utilized platelets solubilized either in sodium
      deoxycholate or sodium dodecyl sulfate. The solubilized product was characterized
      by double immunodiffusion and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The nonidentity
      between plasma and platelet lipoproteins previously demonstrated in the first
      series of experiments was confirmed. This nonidentity was also supported by a
      comparison between the apoproteins of purified serum lipoproteins and platelet
      proteins released after solubilization with sodium dodecyl sulfate. No identical
      protein fractions were found. Our results suggest that, unlike erythrocyte
      membrane lipoproteins, the platelet lipoproteins are structurally different from
      plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 182241
TI  - Studies on pig serum lipoproteins. III. Affinity chromatography of native
      lipoproteins on concanavalin A-sepharose.
AB  - The comparison of the binding capacities of the three major classes of pig serum
      lipoproteins, very low-density, low-density and high-density lipoproteins, to
      concanavalin A, was demonstrated by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A
      Sepharose. Very low-density lipoprotein was separated into two fractions (60 to
      66% of total protein was adsorbed). Each fraction had different electrophoretic
      mobility in pore size gradient gel. The majority of the carbohydrate was found in
      the adsorbed fraction. The carbohydrate content of the unadsorbed fraction was
      0.14% sialic acid. 0.47% hexosamine and 0.93% neutral sugars, and of the adsorbed
      fraction, 2.05, 3.21 and 4.20%, respectively. The adsorbed and unadsorbed
      fractions contained fucose, mannose and galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0 : 3.6
      +/- 0.2 : 2.2 +/- 0.4 and 1.0 : 3.1 +/- 0.2 : 2.5 +/- 0.3, respectively. Based on
      these results, two different molecular species were proved to be present in very
      low-density lipoproteins. In high-density lipoproteins, 80 to 85% of the total
      protein was not adsorbed on concanavalin A-Sepharose in spite of the presence of
      mannose in the apoprotein. In contrast to these lipoproteins, low-density
      lipoprotein was completely adsorbed on concanavalin A-Sepharose. However, the
      separation of the subfractions of low-density lipoprotein as well as the
      subfractions of high-density lipoprotein could not be achieved by this affinity
      column. The carbohydrate content of eluted fractions of low-density and high
      density lipoproteins was identical with the previously reported values obtained
      in native lipoproteins. This difference in affinities for concanavalin A was also
      evidenced by gel electrophoretic profiles in urea and in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      which showed different glycoprotein distribution in each class of lipoproteins.

PMID- 182242
TI  - Determination of human apolipoprotein E by electroimmunoassay.
AB  - 1. Apolipoprotein E ("arginine-rich" polypeptide) was isolated from delipidized
      human very low density lipoproteins by agarose column chromatography in the
      presence of 6 M guanidine-hydrochloride. 2. An electroimmunoassay ("rocket"
      electrophoresis) is described for quantitative determination of human serum
      apolipoprotein E. Purified apolipoprotein E was used for the preparation of
      monospecific antisera and standardization of assay. This sensitive, specific,
      rapid (time required for the completion of the assay is 5 h) and precise (the
      within- and between-assay coefficients of variation are 5 and 8%, respectively)
      assay is applicable to measurement of apolipoprotein E in whole serum and density
      classes. The results correlated well with those obtained by radial
      immunodiffusion (r = 0.85). 3. Serum apolipoprotein E levels of normal subjects
      and hyperlipoproteinemic phenotypes IIa, IIb and IV were the same (10 to 16
      mg/100 ml). In contrast, patients with type III and V hyperlipoproteinemias had
      markedly elevated serum apolipoprotein E levels )27 and 25 mg/100 ml,
      respectively). The apolipoprotein E in serum of normolipidemic subjects was
      equally distributed among three major lipoprotein density classes: d less than
      1.030 g/ml (27%), d 1.030-1.063 g/ml (36%)and d 1.063-1.21 g/ml (37%).

PMID- 182243
TI  - A major site of bicarbonate effect in system II reaction. Evidence from ESR
      signal IIvf, fast fluorescence yield changes and delayed light emission.
AB  - In order to determine the major site of bicarbonate action in the electron
      transport complex of Photosystem II, the following experimental techniques were
      used: electron spin resonance measurements of Signal IIvf, measurements of
      chlorophyll a fluorescence yield rise and decay kinetics, and delayed light
      emission decay. From data obtained using these experimental techniques the
      following conclusions were made: (1) absence of bicarbonate causes a reversible
      inactivation of up to 40% of Photosystem II reaction center activity; (2) there
      is no significant effect of bicarbonate on electron flow from the charge
      accumulating S state to Z; (3) there is no significant effect of bicarbonate on
      electron flow from Z to P-680+; (4) electron flow from Q-- to the intersystem
      electron transport pool is inhibited by from 4- to 6-fold under bicarbonate
      depletion conditions.

PMID- 182244
TI  - Energy-linked regulation of glucose and pyruvate oxidation in isolated perfused
      rat heart. Role of pyruvate dehydrogenase.
AB  - 1. The regulation of glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation under varying conditions
      of ATP and oxygen consumption was studied in isolated perfused rat hearts.
      Potassium-induced arrest was employed to inhibit the ATP consumption of the
      heart. 2. Under the experimental conditions, the beating heart used solely
      glucose as the oxidisable substrate. The glycolytic flux through the aldolase
      step decreased in pace with the decreasing oxygen consumption during the
      potassium-induced arrest of the heart. The decrease in glucose oxidation was
      larger than the inhibition of the oxygen consumption, suggesting that the
      arrested heart switches to fatty acid oxidation. The time course and percentage
      changes of the inhibition  of pyruvate oxidation and the decrease in the amount
      of the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase suggest that the amount  of active
      pyruvate dehydrogenase is the main regulator of pyruvate oxidation in the
      perfused  heart. 3. To test the relative significance of the possible mechanisms
      regulating covalent interconversions of pyruvate dehydrogenase, the following
      parameters were measured in response to the potassium-induced cardiac arrest:
      concentrations of pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, CoA-SH, citrate, alpha-oxoglutarate, ATP,
      ADP, AMP, creatine, creatine phosphate and inorganic phosphate and the
      mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio. In cardiac tissue the adenylate system is not a
      good indicator of the energy state of the mitochondrion, even when the
      concentrations of AMP and free cytosolic ADP are calculated from the adenylate
      kinase and creatine kinase equilibria. Only creatine phosphate and inorganic
      phosphate undergo significant changes, but evidence of the participation of the
      latter compounds in the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase interconversions
      is lacking. The potassium-induced arrest of the heart resulted in a decrease in
      pyruvate, a slight increase in acetyl-CoA, a large increase in the concentration
      of citrate and an increase in the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+. The results can be
      interpreted as showing that in the heart, the pyruvate dehydrogenase
      interconversions are mainly regulated by the pyruvate concentration and the
      mitochondrial redox state. Concentrations of all the regulators tested shifted to
      directions which one would expect to result in a decrease in the amount of active
      pyruvate dehydrogenase, but the changes were quite small. Therefore, the energy
      linked regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in intact tissue is possibly mediated
      by the equilibrium relations between the cellular redox state and the
      phosphorylation potential recently confirmed in cardiac tissue.

PMID- 182245
TI  - Effects of colicins K and E1 on the glucose phosphotransferase system.
AB  - 1. Glycerol-grown cells of Escherichia coli and its mutant uncA, treated with
      colicin E1 or K, exhibited a several-fold higher level of alpha-methylglucoside
      uptake than untreated cells. This stimulation was independent of the carbon
      source present during the uptake test. In a mutant strain that has elevated
      levels of alpha-methylglucoside accumulation the addition of colicin E1 or
      carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) did not further enhance the
      uptake. 2. Colicins K and E1 decreased the apparent Km for alpha-methylglucoside
      uptake significantly and increased the V about twofold. The exit of the glucoside
      was severely inhibited by the colicins. 3. In the presence of colicins, alpha
      methylglucoside is still accumulated via the phosphoenolpyruvate
      phosphotransferase system since no accumulation or phosphorylation occurs in an
      enzyme I mutant. The colicins increased the relative intracellular concentration
      of phosphorylated alpha-methylglucoside, possibly by inhibiting the
      dephosphorylation reaction, and caused an excretion of this compound. 4. The
      results are interpreted as indicating that energization of the membrane has an
      inhibitory effect on the phosphotransferase system. Possible modes of action are
      discussed.

PMID- 182247
TI  - Structure of the mannoheptose-containing pentaglycosyldiacylglycerol from
      Acholeplasma modicum.

PMID- 182246
TI  - Respiratory components and oxidase activities in Alcaligenes eutrophus.
AB  - 1. Cells of the hydrogen bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus are broken by gentle
      lysis using lysozyme treatment in hypertonic sucrose followed by osmotic shock.
      By this method, 93% of the in vivo activity of the H2 oxidase is recovered and
      the ATPase remains particle bound. In contrast, cell disruption in a French
      pressure cell diminishes the in vivo activity of the H2 oxidase by 50% and
      solubilizes the bulk of the ATPase. 2. The bacterium contains a periplasmic
      cytochrome c with bands at 418, 521 and 550 nm (difference spectrum). In addition
      to cytochrome aa3, b-560, c-553 and o, low temperature difference spectra of
      membranes show the presence of two further cytochromes (shoulders at 551 and 553
      nm). 3. The unsupplemented membrane fraction catalyses the oxidation of hydrogen,
      NADH, NADPH, succinate, formate and endogenous substrate (NAD linked) at rates 2-
      3-fold higher than membranes obtained from cells disrupted in a French pressure
      cell. With the exception of the H2 oxidase all oxidase activities in lysozyme
      membranes are sensitive to carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (20-100%
      stimulation of oxygen uptake). 4. The cytoplasmic fraction contains a B-type
      cytochrome with absorption maxima at 436 and 560 nm, capable of combining with
      CO; it contains non-covalently bound protohaem. In alkaline solutions a spectral
      transition to the haemochrome type with bands at 423, 526 and 556 nm occurs. The
      addition of NADH to an aerobic suspension of this cytochrome elicits new
      absorption maxima at 418, 545 and 577 nm (difference spectrum), which are
      believed to represent an oxygenated form of the reduced cytochrome.

PMID- 182248
TI  - Uptake of radiolabeled galactosyl-(alpha1 goes to 4)-galactosyl-(beta1 goes to 4)
      glucosylceramide by human serum lipoproteins in vitro.
AB  - Human serum was exposed to various amounts of [6-3H] galactosyl-(alpha1 goes to
      4)-galactosyl-(beta1 goes to 4)-glucosylceramide under standardized conditions in
      vitro, and the uptake of the lipid by serum lipoproteins was determined. Of the
      bound glycolipid, 2% was isolated with very low density, 24% with low density-,
      47% with high density lipoproteins and 27% with the ultracentrifugal residue. The
      distribution was different from the distribution of endogenous galactosyl
      galactosylglucosylceramide, indicating that the glycolipid is probably an
      integral part of the lipoprotein complexes in vivo.

PMID- 182249
TI  - Study of the lipid binding characteristics of the apolipoproteins from human high
      density lipoprotein. I. Electron microscopic and gel filtration studies with
      synthetic phosphatidylcholines.
AB  - The characteristics of the lipid - protein complex produced by the addition of
      the major apolipoproteins (apo AI and apo AII) of human high-density lipoprotein
      to synthetic phospholipids has been studied. Under the in vitro conditions
      utilized, apo AI binds to 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine and 1,2
      dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine liposomes, but does not alter their
      morphologic characteristics. This binding occurs at temperatures above or below
      that of the transition (Tt) of the lipid bilayer. In contrast, apo AII
      spontaneously generates small, homogeneous disc-shaped lipid-protein complexes
      (50 X 10 a) from large phospholipid globules or from liposomes prepared with
      these lipids. This type of complex was only formed when the lipid/apo AII
      mixtures were warmed above the transition temperatures. The incorporation of apo
      AI into this small complex with apo AII may be greatly facilitated or inhibited
      depending on the sequence of addition of the various components. Under optimal
      circumstances, a maximum of 1 molecule of apo AI is incorporated with each
      molecule of apo A II into complexes with these two synthetic phospholipids.

PMID- 182250
TI  - Studies of the lipid binding characteristics of the apolipoproteins from human
      high density lipoprotein. II. Calorimetry of the binding of apo AI and apo AII
      with phospholipids.
AB  - The interactions of lysophosphatidylcholine and synthetic 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn
      glycerophosphocholine (DMPC) liposomes with the isolated HDL-apolipoproteins, apo
      AI and apo AII, has been studied by microcalorimetry. Complex formation is a
      highly exothermal process characterized by a maximal enthalpy of about --200
      kcal/mol of apoprotein when added to DMPC at 28 degrees C in 0.05 M sodium
      carbonate/bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.6. For the apo AI apoprotein, the binding
      consists of two processes, one endothermal occurring at low phospholipid/protein
      ratios and one exothermal predominant at higher phospholipid levels. The
      endothermal process has been attributed to a lipid-induced disaggregation of the
      apo AI while the exothermal process is similar to the binding of apo AII or apo
      HDL to phospholipids. The binding of a constant AI and apo AII, demonstrates the
      existence of a maximal association at a 1 : 1 molar ratio of the apolipoproteins.
      The sequential binding of DMPC to apo AI and apo AII suggests the existence of
      cooperativity between the two apoproteins in phospholipid binding as apo AII
      promotes the incorporation of apo AI into a protein-phospholipid complex.

PMID- 182251
TI  - Phospholipid biosynthesis in sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane during development.
AB  - Biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine and
      phosphatidylethanolamine in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane has been 
      investigated. The results show that sarcoplasmic reticulum, in addition to its
      main function, i.e. transport and accumulation of Ca2+, is able to synthetize
      phospholipids by the same pathways as endoplasmic reticulum of other tissues. The
      changes of activity of enzymes involved in phospholipid biosynthesis during
      muscle development have been analysed. The extent of sn-glycero-3-phosphate and
      lysophosphatidylcholine acylation by acyl-CoA or free fatty acids in the presence
      of ATP and CoA is the same at every stage of development. The specific activity
      of glycerolphosphate acyltransferase(s) increases progressively during
      development up to about the 10th day of postnatal life and then decreases to the
      adult level. Linoleate esterifies sn-glycero-3-phosphate to a higher extent than
      palmitate, especially during postnatal period. The main product of sn-glycero-3
      phosphate acylation is phosphatidic acid. The specific activity of lysolecithin
      acyltransferase increases from the embryonic period to a maximum between the 4th
      and the 9th day of postnatal life followed by a decrease to the adult value. the
      low embryonic value to a maximum at about the 3rd day of postnatal life, followed
      by a decrease to the adult value. The activity of cholinephosphotransferase
      decreases from a high value observed during the earliest embryonic period studied
      until the 3rd day before birth, and then begins to increase again from about the
      5th day of postnatal life. The activity of ethanolaminephosphotransferase
      decreases continuously with age. The main product of phosphatidylethanolamine
      methylation is phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. The specific activity of
      phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase increases from

PMID- 182252
TI  - Partial purification and properties of diglyceride kinase from Escherichia coli.
AB  - Diglyceride kinase (diacylglycerol kinase, E.C. 2.7.1.-), an enzyme localized in
      the inner membrane of Escherichia coli, has been purified about 600-fold. The
      purified enzyme exhibits an absolute requirement for magnesium ion; its activity
      toward both lipid and nucleotide substrates is stimulated by
      diphosphatidylglycerol or other phospholipids. Adenine nucleotides are much
      better substrates for the enzyme than are other purine or pyrimidine nucleotides.
      The purified enzyme preparation catalyzes the phosphorylation of a number of
      lipids, including ceramide and several ceramide and diacylglycerol-like analogs.
      The broad lipid substrate specificity of diglyceride kinase suggests that this
      enzyme may function in vivo for the phosphorylation of an acceptor other than
      diacylglycerol.

PMID- 182254
TI  - Molecular weight of Yaba monkey tumor virus DNA.
AB  - The molecular weight of Yaba virus DNA was determined by the isolation of intact
      DNA genomes from Yaba virus, which had been purified by two sucrose density
      gradient and one potassium tartrate gradient centrifugations, by cosedimentation
      with T2 DNA. The molecular weight of Yaba DNA was calculated to be 119 - 10(6).

PMID- 182253
TI  - Abnormal membrane phospholipid content in subcellular fractions from the Morris
      7777 hepatoma.
AB  - 1. Mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were prepared from normal rat liver and
      the Morris 7777 hepatoma and characterized by the use of the marker enzymes,
      succinate dehydrogenase and rotenone-insensitive NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. 2.
      The phospholipid content per mg membrane protein of Morris 7777 hepatoma
      mitochondria was increased by 75% as compared with mitochondria from normal rat
      liver. Microsomes from this poorly-differentiated tumor were found to have a 45%
      decrease in the content of phospholipid. These abnormalities were independent of
      tumor size or age. 3. The percent phospholipid content of the subcellular
      fractions was determined, and revealed an increase in the percent sphingomyelin
      in both the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of the tumor. Decreases in the
      percent phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were noted in tumor
      microsomes as compared with normal liver. Diphosphatidylglycerol was not found in
      significant quantities in the microsomal fraction of this hepatoma line. 4. The
      content of the various phospholipid classes per mg protein in the respective
      mitochondrial and microsomal fractions was determined. Large increases in nearly
      all the major phospholipid classes were found in tumor mitochondria; tumor
      microsomes were characterized by an increased content of sphingomyelin but the
      content of nearly all other phospholipids was significantly decreased. These
      findings suggest the presence of disturbances in the regulation of phospholipid
      metabolism in subcellular organelle membranes of the Morris 7777 hepatoma.

PMID- 182255
TI  - Repair of x-ray-induced single strand breaks in toluenized Escherichia coli
      cells.
AB  - We have used sedimentation in alkali to estimate the repair of X-ray-induced
      single strand breaks in the DNA of irradiated toluenized Escherichia coli cells.
      Extensive repair requires no exogenous cofactors except ATP although other
      individual NTPs (except U) or dNTPs can substitute for ATP. There is no repair in
      polA or resA cells and since nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) inhibits repair in
      wild type cells we interpret the results as indicating that both ligase and
      polymerase I are needed for repair but that the amount of any gap filling is
      small and extensive repair replication is not necessary.

PMID- 182256
TI  - The ATP dependence of the incision and resynthesis steps of excision repair.
AB  - Escherichia coli made permeable by treatment with toluene can perform a mode of
      DNA synthesis that is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation and closely resembles
      the resynthesis step of excision repair. If ultraviolet-irradiated toulene
      treated cells are incubated in an assay mixture with ATP but without the four
      deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) or NAD, accumulations of single-strand
      breaks in the DNA are detected by alkaline sucrose gradient analysis. A second
      incubation with the dNTP'S and NAD but without ATP produces nonconservative DNA
      synthesis in strains with normal levels of DNA polymerase I. However, in PolA
      strains, ATP must be present during the second incubation in order to produce
      measurable amounts of ultraviolet-stimulated DNA synthesis. These results suggest
      that in strains deficient in DNA polymerase I there may be two ATP-dependent
      steps in this repair pathway, one required for incision and one associated with
      resynthesis.

PMID- 182257
TI  - The restriction endonucleases in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N strain. Substrate
      specificities.
AB  - Two species of restriction endonuclease were isolated by gel filtration and DEAE
      cellulose chromatography from a cell-free extract of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
      (B. subtilits) N strain; a lower molecular weight endonuclease (endonuclease
      R.BamNI) and a higher molecular-weight one (endonuclease R.BamNx). Both of them
      required only Mg2+ for their activities. Endonuclease R.BamNx introduced a larger
      number of site-specific scissions in Excherchia coli phage lambda DNA that
      endonuclease R.BamNI did. Endonuclease R.BamNx cleaved Bacillus phage phi 105C
      DNA at the specific sites which are classified into two groups: one type of sites
      is modified by B. amyloliquefaciens H strain in vivo while the other is not
      affected. It was also active on DNA'S OF E. coli phage T7, lambdadvl, Simian
      virus 40 (SV40) and colicinogenic factor ColEI and was inactive on DNAs of
      Bacillus phages phi 29 and M2. Endonuclease R.BamHI isolated from H strain by
      Wilson and Young. This endonuclease was active on DNAs of phage lambda, lambdadvl
      and SV40, adn was inactive on DNAs of phages phi 105C, phi 29, M2 and T7, and
      ColEI DNA.

PMID- 182258
TI  - Further purification and characterization of T4 endonuclease V.
AB  - T4 endonuclease V, which is involved in repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA, has
      been purified 3600 fold from T4D-infected Escherichia coli. The enzyme shows
      optimal activity at pH 7.2 and does not require added divalent ions. Endonuclease
      V attacks both native and heat-denatured DNA provided that the DNA has been
      irradiated, and the enzyme activity is dependent on the dose of ultraviolet
      irradiation. The rate and the extent of the reaction are greater with irradiated
      native DNA although the Km values for the two types of DNA are the same (2.25 -
      10(-5) M). The enzyme is readily inactivated by heat and is sensitive to p
      chloromercuribenzoate. Endonuclease V-treated irradiated DNA is degraded by
      spleen phosphodiesterase only when the DNA has been treated with alkaline
      phosphatase, suggesting that the enzyme produces 5'-phosphoryl termini.

PMID- 182259
TI  - Repair of DNA damaged by methyl methanesulfonate in bacteriophage T4.
AB  - A highly purified preparation of T4 endonuclease V does not degrade DNA alkylated
      with methyl methanesulfonate, and the methyl methanesulfonate sensitivity of T4
      wild type and x mutant is not affected by the v mutation. Thus, T4 endonuclease
      V, the v gene product, does not seem to be involved in a repair or an abortive
      repair of methyl methanesulfonate-damaged T4 DNA. The x and y genes of T4 and the
      polA and the uvrD genes of Escherichia coli are concerned with the repair of
      methyl methanesulfonate-induced damages in T4 DNA. Since effects of the polA and
      the x or y mutations are additive, it is supposed that there are at least two
      pathways for the repair of methyl meth-anesulfonate-damaged T4 DNA, one
      controlled by the x and the y genes and the other in which E. coli DNA olymerase
      I is involved. The partial suppression of the x gene mutation at high temerature
      was also demonstrated.

PMID- 182260
TI  - Lateral diffusion, order parameter and phase transition in phospholipid bilayer
      membranes containing tocopheryl acetate.
AB  - Lateral diffusion coefficient and order parameter measurements were made with
      pyrene excimer optical probes and fatty acid spin label probes respectively in
      pure dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine membranes and in membranes doped with
      tocopheryl acetate. The investigation shows, that the lateral diffusion
      coefficient for pyrene in dipalmitoyl pholphatidylcholine membranes is decreased
      whereas the order parameter of the fatty acid chains is slightly increased in the
      inner part of the membranes by the addition of tocopheryl acetate. The fluid
      solid equilibrium phase diagram of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine/tocopheryl
      acetate mixed membranes has been constructed from the measurements of the
      partition of (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine-1-oxyl) TEMPO spin labels between
      lipid and aqueous regions as function of temperature. In the membranes tocopheryl
      acetate induces a strong broadening of the temperature range of the phase
      transition. At low tocopheryl acetate concentrations dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylcholine and tocopheryl acetate seem to be completely miscible in the
      solid and in the liquid crystalline state.

PMID- 182261
TI  - Properties of spin labelled membranes of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.
AB  - Growth temperature-induced compositional changes in membranes of Fusarium
      oxysporum provided a test system for study of the relationship between physical
      properties and composition. Growth at 15 degrees C was characterized by a
      decrease in phospholipid content relative to sterol content, a shift in
      phospholipid composition from phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine and
      a marked enhancement in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the
      phospholipid and triglyceride classes. Uptake of a spin labelled analog of
      stearic acid during growth and subsequent solution of the probe in the membranes
      allowed estimation of viscosity and molecular order of the membranes of live
      cells and of isolated membrane preparations. Less than 1/20 of the intracellular
      label was accessible to sodium ascorbate while none was released by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. All of the label in live cells was reduced by in vivo
      respiratory activity above 20 degrees C but this process could be reversed or
      avoided by added ferricyanide. A cholestane spin probe was also incorporated into
      the membranes. The probes were not reduced as readily in isolated membranes and
      hence fluidity of the membranes could be assessed over a wide temperature range.
      At low temperatures (-10 degrees C) a nonlethal, liquid-solid phase transition
      was indicated in isolated membrane lipids while at higher (lethal) temperatures
      (40-45 degrees C), discontinuities appeared in Arrhenius plots of rotational
      correlation time. Activation energies for isotropic rotation of the stearate
      probes in the membranes changed markedly in this temperature range and this
      effect correlated closely with loss of viability of conidial cells. Correlation
      times for stearate probes showed little variation with growth temperature nor
      were any breaks in Arrhenius plots of this parameter detected in the range 0-35
      degrees C in whole cells or isolated membranes. The data indicated control of
      membrane physical properties within close tolerances throughout the physiological
      temperature range regardless of growth temperature. It was concluded that this
      homeostatic phenomenon was due to the counteractive effects of
      sterol/phospholipid ratio, phospholipid composition and fatty acid
      polyunsaturation since the condensing and fluidizing components of the isolated
      total membranes vary in a reciprocal manner.

PMID- 182262
TI  - The insulin receptor of the turkey erythrocyte. Characterization of the membrane
      bound receptor.
AB  - The insulin receptor of the turkey erythrocyte has previously been shown to be
      very similar to that of the mammalian insulin receptors. As a first step in the
      isolation of this receptor a highly purified plasma membrane fraction has been
      prepared. The binding characteristics of the purified membrane-bound receptor
      were identical to those found with intact erythrocytes, but the membrane
      preparation had very little insulin-degrading activity. Isolation of the membrane
      by the methods described gave a 100-fold purification of the insulin receptor
      with 67% yield.

PMID- 182263
TI  - Interaction of steptolysin O with sterols.
AB  - A quantitative study of the specific inhibitory power of cholesterol and other
      sterols on the hemolytic properties of streptolysin O is reported. This
      streptococcal exocellular protein is a cytolytic toxin which disrupts cytoplasmic
      membranes of eukaryote cells. The structural characteristics, particularly the
      stereochemical ones required for a steroid molecule to inhibit the cytolytic
      activity of streptolysin O, have been investigated in detail. By immunodiffusion
      techniques, in agar gel plates or tubes containing sterols, the formation of
      hydrophobic complexes between streptolysin O and inhibitory steroids, but not non
      inhibitory steroids except lanosterol, is shown. Upon interaction with inhibitory
      steroids streptolysin O loses its immunoreactive properties towards neutralizing
      and precipitating homologous antibodies. An interpretation of the mechanism of
      biomembrane disorganization by streptolysin O is discussed in the light of its
      steroid binding properties.

PMID- 182264
TI  - Fucolipid metabolism as a function of cell population density in normal and
      murine sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells.
AB  - The incorporation of isotopically labeled fucose into the lipids of normal and
      murine sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells as a function of cell population
      density was examined. When normal cells were seeded at low cell density, the
      levels of the major fucolipids, i.e., fucolipids III and IV, were substantially
      reduced, but then they increased as the cells approached confluency. This
      variation in synthesis of fucolipids III and IV appeared to be primarily related
      to cell density and not to cell growth. Chase experiments revealed that the
      reduced level of fucolipids III and IV in sparse normal cells is due to decreased
      synthesis rather than to increased catabolism. In contrast to the observations
      with normal rat cells, the high level of fucolipid III and the low level of
      fucolipid IV in murine sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells was shown to be
      independent of cell population density.

PMID- 182265
TI  - Regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis. The disparity between 125I-labelled
      choriogonadotropin binding cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate formation and
      progesterone synthesis in the rat ovary.
AB  - The binding of 125I-labelled human choriogonadotropin, formation of cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), and synthesis of progesterone were
      examined in ovarian cells from immature rats. Collagenase dispersed ovarian cells
      were found to respond specifically to lutropin-like activity. The equilibrium
      dissociation constant (Kd) for the binding of 125I-for the binding of 125I
      labelled choriogonadotropin was 1.7-10(-10) M. Progesterone synthesis was
      increased at least 40-fold and cyclic AMP formation 10-fold in response to
      maximum hormonal stimulation. The concentration of choriogonadotropin which
      stimulated progesterone synthesis maximally in Eagle's minimum essential medium-
      0.1% gelatin (2 ng/ml), resulted in minimal (less than 30% of maximum) increases
      in cyclic AMP accumulation and hormone binding. Similarly, binding of
      choriogonadotropin was not saturated at a hormone concentration (50 ng/ml) that
      stimulated maximal cyclic AMP formation. These results are consistent with the
      existence of receptor reserve in the ovarian cell. A marked shift in the dose vs.
      response relationship for progesterone synthesis occurred when fetal calf serum
      was used to supplement Eagle's minimum essential medium, however. Under these
      experimental conditions, progesterone synthesis reached a maximum at a hormone
      concentration of the same order of magnitude as did cyclic AMP formation. It is
      concluded that the degree of spare receptor effect observed may depend not only
      on an absolute amount of excess receptor, but also on the readiness of the system
      to respond in a given fashion.

PMID- 182266
TI  - Materials released into culture medium by normal and oncogenic virus-transformed
      mammalian cells.
AB  - Materials released into culture medium by transformed and untransformed baby
      hamster kidney cells labelled with glucosamine, sulfate, fucose or leucine were
      characterized. Some of the components could also be labelled by iodination of
      intact cells, indicating their surface origin. Analysis on gradient
      polyacrylamide sodium lauryl sulfate gels demonstrated that a group of high
      apparent molecular weight glucosamine-labelled components were more abundant in
      materials released from Rous sarcoma virus-transformed baby hamster kidney cells
      than from baby hamster kidney cells or polyoma virus-transformed baby hamster
      kidney cells. The relative rates of release of glucosamine-labelled components
      from transformed and untransformed cells were similar except that the transformed
      baby hamster kidney cells released some large molecular weight components
      slightly more rapidly than baby hamster kidney cells. Treatment of labelled
      medium materials with testicular hyaluronidase removed much glucosamine label
      from the materials but did not affect the amounts of other labels. After
      treatment with hyaluronidase, the patterns of labelled conditioned media from
      both transformed and untransformed baby hamster kidney cells were qualitatively
      and quantitatively very similar, suggesting that the differences seen in
      untreated labelled conditioned media were due to the presence of hyaluronidase
      sensitive materials associated with medium materials rather than to actual
      differences in glycoproteins.

PMID- 182267
TI  - Analysis of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the cobalamin
      intermediate in ribonucleotide reduction.
AB  - EPR absorption-derivative lineshapes have been computed and least-squares fitted
      to the spectrum of the intermediate derived from 5'-deoxy-5'-adenosylcobalamin in
      the ribonucleotide reductase reaction. A Gaussian-type intrinsic lineshape was
      assumed and the effects of inhomogenous broadening, rotation of coordinate axes
      of the A-tensor relative to the g-tensor, angular dependence of transition
      probability and ligand hyperfine splitting have also been investigated. When the
      overall spectrum was computed as the sum of the lineshapes corresponding to two
      distinct Co(II) species, A and B, each having rhombic symmetry, the least squares
      procedure converged to a much better fit than with a single species, and matched
      almost all of the features of the experimental spectrum. The magnetic properties
      of A and B were compared with those of a series of other Co(II) complexes by a
      plot of g - g versus A - A. The results eliminate cobalt with 5-coordination to
      nitrogen for A and B, and suggest low-spin cobalt complexes having strongly
      distorted 6-fold coordination. The possibility that the sixth, symmetry
      decreasing ligand is the oxygen molecule is excluded by the chemistry of the
      system and by the EPR properties of previously reported cob(II)alamins. It is
      suggested that the sixth ligand is a carbonyl, amide or sulfhydryl group of an
      enzyme sidechain which is inserted off-axis into the coordination position so as
      to exert the observed symmetry-lowering effect.

PMID- 182268
TI  - Simultaneous selection of mutants in gluconeogenesis and nucleoside catabolism in
      Salmonella typhimurium.
AB  - Penicillin selection in minimal thymidine medium, used to select mutants in
      deoxynucleoside catabolism, also yields a high percentage (37%) of mutants in
      fructose diphosphatase. The expression of the deo regulon is retarded in the
      mutants defective in the glyconeogenic pathway.

PMID- 182269
TI  - On the role of the collagen carbohydrate residues in the platelet. Collagen
      interaction.
AB  - It has been proposed that the platelet : collagen interaction is mediated in part
      by the collagen carbohydrate residues. To test this hypothesis we have oxidized
      monomeric and polymeric collagen with sodium periodate under conditions
      specifically designed to minimize destruction of periodate-susceptible bonds
      other than in the carbohydrate residues. Oxidation of the collagen significantly
      reduced its ability to interact with platelets. The extent of inhibition
      paralleled the extent of carbohydrate destruction. Oxidation with periodate also
      delayed the polymerization of the monomeric collagen, but even after
      polymerization the oxidized collagen failed to initiate the release reaction.
      These observations suggest that the collagen carbohydrate residues may be either
      near to or part of the site(s) on the collagen molecule required for platelet
      adhesion.

PMID- 182270
TI  - Purification, characteristics and sequence of a peptide containing an essential
      lysine residue.
AB  - Glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2-4) has been purified and crystallized from
      the acetone powder of tuna liver. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 333 000 +/
      15 000 as evaluated by sedimentation equilibrium and constists of six identical
      subunits. Unlike the bovine enzyme the molecular weight does not increase with
      increasing protein concentration indicating that the tuna enzyme has no tendency
      to polymerize. The amino acid composition and peptide maps of the tuna and bovine
      liver enzyme are similar, suggesting considerable homology between the two
      enzymes. Furthermore, from the tryptic digest a hexadecapeptide containing a
      lysine residue reactive to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate exhibits the same composition
      and sequence as the peptide containing the reactive lysine-126 in the sequence of
      the bovine enzyme. The molecular activity is 25 and 510 mol of substrate per mol
      enzyme per s, respectively, for the glutamate oxidation and the alpha
      ketoglutarate reduction with NAD or NADP as coenzymes. The enzyme is regulated by
      pyridine nucleotides like other vertebrate enzymes, but it also exhibits some
      coenzyme specificity, the activity being about fifteen times higher with NAD than
      with NADP.

PMID- 182271
TI  - Regulation of synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase in rat liver.
AB  - Using substrates purified from liver, the apparent Km values of synthase
      phosphatase ([UDPglucose--glycogen glucosyltransferase-D]phosphohydrolase, EC
      3.1.3.42) and phosphorylase phosphatase (phosphorylase a phosphohydrolase, EC
      3.1.3.17) were found to be 0.7 and 60 units/ml respectively. The maximal velocity
      of phosphorylase phosphatase was more than a 100 times that of synthase
      phosphatase. In adrenalectomized, fasted animals there was a complete loss of
      synthase phosphatase but only a slight decrease in phosphorylase phosphatase when
      activity was measured using endogenous substrates in a concentrated liver
      extract. When assayed under optimal conditions with purified substrates, both
      activities were present but had decreased to very low levels. Mixing experiments
      indicated that synthase D present in the extract of adrenalectomized fasted
      animals was altered such that it was no longer a substrate for synthase
      phosphatase from normal rats. Phosphorylase a substrate on the other hand was
      unaltered and readily converted. When glucose was given in vivo, no change in
      percent of synthase in the I form was seen in adrenalectomized rats but the
      percent of phosphorylase in the a form was reduced. Precipitation of protein from
      an extract of normal fed rats with ethanol produced a large activation of
      phosphorylase phosphatase activity with no corresponding increase in synthase
      phosphatase activity. Despite the low phosphorylase phosphatase present in
      extracts of adrenalectomized fasted animals, ethanol precipitation increased
      activity to the same high level as obtained in the normal fed rats. Synthase
      phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase activities were also decreased in
      normal fasted, diabetic fed and fasted, and adrenalectomized fed rats. Both
      enzymes recovered in the same manner temporally after oral glucose administration
      to adrenalectomized, fasted rats. These results suggest an integrated regulatory
      mechanism for the two phosphatase.

PMID- 182272
TI  - Affinity chromatography of angiotensin I-converting enzyme from rabbit lung using
      hippurylhistidylleucyl-OH.
AB  - Approximately 50-fold purification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme
      (Peptidyldipeptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.15.1) from rabbit lung was achieved by
      affinity chromatography using the synthetic substrate Hippuryl-His-Leu-OH. The
      specific activity of the enzyme was increased from 0.044 units/mg protein to
      1.911 units/mg protein for Hippuryl-His-Leu-OH and from 0.33 nmol/min per mg
      protein to 13.8 nmol/min per mg protein for angiotensin I.

PMID- 182273
TI  - Angiotensin I-converting enzyme from guinea pig lung and serum. A comparison of
      some kinetic and inhibition properties.
AB  - The angiotensin I-coverting enzyme (peptidyldipeptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.15.1) was
      isolated from both guinea pig lung and serum; Km and V values were determined
      using both angiotensin I and hippurylhistidylleucine as substrates. Km values for
      the lung enzyme were 3.1 mM for hippurylhistidylleucine hippurylhistidylleucine
      and 0.076 mM for angiotensin I. Inhibition studies were performed and I50 values
      were obtained with the following inhibitors: angiotensin II (lung, 1.9 - 10(-5)
      M; serum, 1.7 - 10(-5) M), bradykinin (lung, 2.6 - 10(-6) M; serum, 2.1 - 10(-6)
      M), and pyrrolidone-Lys-Trp-Ala-Pro (lung, 7.9 - 10(-8) M; serum, 5.6 - 10(-8)
      M). Both enzymes were glycoproteins and were inhibited by concanavalin A. A
      maximum inhibition of 35% initial enzymatic activity was observed for both
      enzymes at a concanavalin A concentration of 4 - 10(-4) M suggesting that the
      sugar moieties of each enzyme are similar. Both enzymes required NaCl for
      activity and were inhibited by EDTA. A comparison of kinetic and inhibition
      properties indicates that both enzymes are quite similar.

PMID- 182274
TI  - Extraction of collagenase from the involuting rat uterus.
AB  - Collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) activity can be measured directly in homogenates of the
      involuting rat uterus. Latent forms of collagenase are activated by a brief
      exposure to trypsin; trypsin activity is then blocked with soybean trypsin
      inhibitor. Homogenizing conditions have been developed that permit 90-95%
      recovery of the total active and latent collagenase activity in a 6000 X g
      pellet, where it is presumably bound to its collagen substrate. This insoluble
      activity can then be extracted by heating to 60 degrees C for 4 min in 0.04 M
      Tris - HCl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 0.1 M CaCl2. Methods are presented for the
      estimation of the recovery of collagenase in the extracts; this approximates 65
      70% of the total. Small amounts of activity can also be extracted from rat liver
      and kidney. This extraction procedure should be of use in purifying collagenase
      without culturing the enzyme-producing tissue and in the direct assay of tissue
      collagenase activity. The activity extracted from rat uterus has been proven to
      be collagenase by its characteristic pattern of collagen breakdown products on
      disc electrophoresis and by the split of tropocollagen at interband 41 as shown
      by electron microscopy of reconstituted fragments. The activity is inhibited by
      EDTA, and this inhibition is not reversed by calcium or zinc ions.

PMID- 182275
TI  - Specific modification of the GTP binding sites of rat 5'-adenylic acid
      aminohydrolase by periodate-oxidized GTP.
AB  - 1. Rat skeletal muscle AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC3.5.4.6) can be
      inactivated by incubation with the periodate-oxidized analogue of the enzyme
      inhibitor GTP. 2. Nucleoside triphosphates and KCl at high concentrations protect
      against inactivation, while ADP has no effect. 3. The inactivation can be
      reversed by the addition of GTP and amino acids and made irreversible by
      reduction with NaBH4. This indicates that, in the binding of the oxidized GTP to
      the enzyme, a Schiff base is formed between the aldehyde groups of the inhibitor
      and amino groups of the enzyme. 4. The kinetic properties of the reduced
      (oxidized GTP)-AMP deaminase derivative indicate that the loss of activity
      results from an increase in Km while no appreciable change in V is observed;
      consequently, the enzyme shows positive homotropic cooperativity even in the
      presence of optimal KCl concentration. 5. Since the treated enzyme shows kinetic
      properties similar to those of the native enzyme in the presence of GTP, and
      since the loss of sensitivity to GTP is directly proportional to the degree of
      inactivation, it is concluded that the oxidized GTP specifically modifies the
      binding sites for GTP. 6. Binding of the radioactive oxidized GTP shows that two
      binding sites for this reagent exist in the AMP deaminase molecule.

PMID- 182276
TI  - A study of phosphoglycerate kinase in human erythrocytes. I. Enzyme isolation,
      purification and assay.
AB  - The enzyme ATP-3-phospho-D-glycerate-1-phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.2.3)
      (phosphoglycerate kinase) has been isolated from human red cells in crystalline
      form by a modification of the method of Yoshida and Watanabe (1972) J. Biol.
      Chem. 247, 440-445). The crystalline enzyme was further purified by
      electrofocusing using carrier ampholytes (pH 7-9). The isoelectric point of
      phosphoglycerate kinase was estimated to be 8.75. The specific activity of
      purified phosphoglycerate kinase from electrofocusing was 2200 units per mg of
      protein at pH 8.3 (37 degrees C). Enzyme activity was assayed in the forward
      direction leading from 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to a 3-phosphoglycerate using a
      fluorimetric procedure for NAD-coupled enzymes for the measurement of the
      reaction rate at very low substrate concentrations. The auxiliary indicator
      enzymes were added in excess to yield true initial velocity kinetics, i.e. with
      no time lag upon addition of substrate (1,3-diphosphoglycerate). This was
      established theoretically using a mathematical model and confirmed
      experimentally. Further phosphoglycerate kinase was shown to be the rate-limiting
      step when the assay conditions were varied.

PMID- 182277
TI  - The refolding of lactate dehydrogenase subunits and their assembly to the
      functional tetramer.
AB  - The renaturation process of different lactate dehydrogenase isozymes (L
      lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) from their unfolded subunits was
      investigated using a number of techniques. (a) kinetics of activity regain, (b)
      the kinetics of fluorescence change of fluoresecence change of the protein
      tryptophans, (c) kinetics of regain of the fluorescence properties of a
      covalently attached fluorescence probe (fluorescein) and (d) the kinetics of
      assembly, by following the intermediate oligomeric species appearing in the
      assembly pathway from monomers to tetramers. The results indicate that the
      unfolded polypeptide is converted to the active oligomeric species by the
      following scheme: Denatured subunit I leads to partially refolded subunit II
      leads to folded subunit III leads to dimer IV leads to tetramer. Step I and step
      II are first-order where step II is rate limiting. The ligands NAD+ and NADH
      accelerate step II, thus converting step I to the rate-limiting process. The fact
      that partially folded lactate dehydrogenase subunits are capable of co-enzyme
      binding may indicate the possible role of these ligands in the assembly of
      lactate dehydrogenase in vivo. Steps III and IV were found to be fast. The
      intermediate formation of an enzyme dimer which then dimerizes to the tetrameric
      species is found to be the major assembly pathway. Only a small portion of the
      lactate dehydrogenase tetramer is formed through the intermediate formation of a
      trimer intermediate.

PMID- 182278
TI  - Effect of periodate oxidation on the structure and properties of glucose oxidase.
AB  - In order to elucidate the molecular structure of glucose oxidase (beta-D-glucose:
      oxygen 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4) and the roles of its carbohydrate moiety,
      chemical, physiochemical and immunological experiments were performed with enzyme
      samples before and after periodate oxidation. Hydrodynamic parameters indicated
      that the native enzyme was a globular protein with values of 1.21 for the
      frictional ratio and 43 A for the Stokes radius. The enzyme contained about 12%
      carbohydrate by weight, of which the main component was mannose. The periodate
      treatment decreased the carbohydrate content to about 40% of its original value.
      Slight modifications were detected in the absorbance spectrum and the content of
      arginyl residue. However, no significant alteration was brought about by this
      treatment in the catalytic parameters, immunological reactivities of the gross
      structure, not in the secondary and quaternary structures of the protein moity.
      Thermal denaturation temperature (about 72.5 degrees C) and the enthalpy of
      denaturation (about 450 kcal/mol) were common to the native and the periodate
      oxodozed enzymes. The native was found to be quite resistant to sodium dodecyl
      sulfate and fairly stable to urea and heating. The periodate-oxidized enzyme was
      also stable to heat treatment, but it showed a diminished stability when
      denaturing agents were present. Kinetic analyses of the thermal inactivation
      processes showed that the entropy of activation was greatly decreased by the
      denaturing agents, especially in the case of the periodate-oxidized enzyme. It is
      concluded that the carbohydrate moiety of the enzyme plays a role in increasing
      the stability of the protein moiety, but does not directly participate in the
      catalytic activity, the immunological reactivity, or in maintaining the
      conformation of the enzyme protein.

PMID- 182279
TI  - Lysine- and lysine-plus-threonine-inhibitable aspartokinases in Bacillus brevis.
AB  - Two aspartokinase (ATP:L-aspartate 4-phosphotrasferase, EC 2.7.2.4) enzyme
      activities have been identified and partially purified from Bacillus brevis.
      Aspartokinase I is subject to both inhibition and repression by lysine, and has a
      molecular weight in the region of 110 000. Aspartokinase II is a lysine
      stabilised enzyme, inhibited multivalently by lysine plus theonine and has a
      molecular weight in the region of 95 000. This attern of aspartokinase activity
      has not been described previously and is unusual in that one end product (lysine)
      regulates two isoenzymes catalysing the first reaction of a branced biosynthetic
      pathway. In the absence of lysine, aspartokinase II changes to a more unstable
      non-inhibitable enzyme. Both enzymes are stabilised by sulphydryl reducing agents
      and have similar affinities for ATP, aspartate and lysine. However, there is no
      evidence for a view that they are products of a common gene. Problem concerned
      with the regulation of aspartokinase activities in Bacillus species are
      discussed.

PMID- 182280
TI  - Substrate specificity of vetebrate collagenase.
AB  - Substrate specificity of purified tadpole collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) has been
      studied using eleven synthetic peptides. A pentapeptide, t
      butyloxycarbonylprolylalanylglycylisoleucylalanine amide, was susceptible to the
      action of the enzyme and an octapeptide,
      acetylprolylglutaminylglycylisoleucylalanylglycylglutaminylarginine ethyl ester,
      was proposed to be the best substrate for vertebrate collagenase among the
      peptides tested.

PMID- 182281
TI  - Cell transformation by DNA-containing viruses.

PMID- 182282
TI  - Evidence for the selective release of lysosomal proteinases in fasted rabbits.
AB  - The enzyme responsible for the conversion of "neutral" to "alkaline" fructose 1,6
      bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) by removal of a 7000 dalton peptide (converting
      enzyme, Proteinase I) has been shown to be localized in rat liverlysosomes.
      Lysosomes also contain a specific proteinase (Proteinase II) that catalyzes the
      release of a small peptide from the NH2-terminus of the native subunits. In
      fasted rabbits Proteinase II is released into the cytoplasm, together with
      Cathepsin A, but Proteinase I remains associated with the lysosomal fraction.
      Increased osmotic fragility of liver lysosomes in fasted rabbits has also been
      observed, but this increased fragility does not result in the release of
      Proteinase I. The appearance of Proteinase II in the cytoplasm may be due either
      to its selective release from the lysosomes, without release of Proteinase I, or
      its localization in a different lysosomal fraction. Changes in lysosomal
      structure induced by fasting may play a dual role in : 1) the mobilization of
      amino acids for gluconeogenesis and 2) the modulation of activity of
      gluconeogenic enzymes.

PMID- 182283
TI  - [Network of interactions between unlinked genes: synergistic and antagonistic
      regulation of iso-1-cytochrome c, iso-2-cytochrome c and cytochrome b2
      synthesis].
AB  - Five chromosomal genes, CYPI to CYP5 involved in the regulation of the synthesis
      of iso-1-cytochrome c, iso-2-cytochrome c and cytochrome b2 are described. The
      function of these genes was studied either by varying the proportion of the
      mutated and wild type alleles in the cell vy varing the growth conditions, or
      else by transforming the mutants into sigma-cytoplasmic petites. We have shown a
      network of genetic interactions which regulate the synthesis of three
      structurally different proteins : iso-1-cytochrome c, iso-2-cytochrome c and
      cytochrome b2, by two unlinked genes : CYC1 and CYP1, one of which (CYC1) is the
      structural gene by iso-1-cytochrome c. Within this network the interactions are
      proportional to the gene dosage and are either antagonistic or synergistic
      depending on the allele combination and the protein studied. The mutated alleles
      cyp1 stimulate the synthesis of iso-2-cytochrome c, inhibit the synthesis of iso
      1-cytochrome c, while the cytochrome b2 synthesis is also inhibited but by a
      combination of cyp1 mutated alleles CYC1 wild type allele. Other loci, CYP2,
      CYP3, CYP4 and CYP5 were also studied in various allelic combinations. They show
      some interactions between them or with CYC1 locus but these interactions are
      different and less pronounced than those involving loci CYP1 and CYC1.

PMID- 182284
TI  - Studies of the regulation and reaction mechanism of the carbamyl phosphate
      synthetase and aspartate transcarbamylase of bakers' yeast.
AB  - Kinetic studies of the carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity (CPSase) of bakers'
      yeast revealed an absolute requirement for K+ ions ; KM values for two of the
      substrates, glutamine and bicarbonate, were found to be 5 X 10(-4) M and 3 X 10(
      3) M respectively. CPSase activity of the purified enzyme aggregate (M.W.
      800,000) was extremely sensitive to UTP with a Ki of 2.4 X 10(-4) M. The purine
      nucleotide intermediate, XMP, was a strong activator of CPSase, acting at a site
      different from the regulatory site at which UTP binds ; XMP activation diminished
      at high concentrations of the substrate Mg-ATP. Studies of the reaction mechanism
      of CPSase revealed that it involved the sequential addition of the substrates
      bicarbonate and Mg-ATP, liberation of ADP, addition of glutamine, binding of ATP
      and then release of ADP and the product carbamyl phosphate. Studies of the
      reaction mechanism of the aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) of the aggregate
      yielded data which were not compatible with any of the usual models ; whichever
      reaction mechanism is ultivately found to fit the data, it will probably prove
      applicable both to the ATCase of the aggregate and to the disaggregated ATCase
      subunit (MW 138,000).

PMID- 182285
TI  - Further characterization of yeast RNA polymerases. Effect of subunits removal.
AB  - Two forms of yeast RNA polymerase A are resolved by phosphocellulose
      chromatography. One of these, called RNA polymerase A, is lacking two polypeptide
      chains of 48,000 and 37,000 daltons. The properties of the two enzymes are
      compared in the present paper. RNA polymerase A transcribes d(A-T)n with a
      similar efficiency as the complete enzyme, but it is comparatively much less
      active with native DNA. The two enzymes can also be differentiated on the basis
      of their ionic strength and divalent cation requirements. RNA polymerase A has a
      particularly low activity at high salt and low Mg2+ concentrations. Thermal
      inactivation curves of the two enzymes are different when residual activity is
      assayed with native DNA. In contrast with d(A-T)n as template the apparent
      inactivation curves of the two enzymes are identical. The data suggest that the
      two dissociable polypeptide chains play an important role in transcription. The
      template specificity of yeast RNA polymerase B was further investigated using
      SV40 DNA-FI as template. RNA polymerase B is able to retain [3H]SV40 DNA-FI on
      nitrocellulose filters but the enzyme-DNA complex is very unstable. The
      observation that RNA polymerase B can transcribe to some extent a supercoiled DNA
      but not a linear double stranded template supports the hypothesis that the enzyme
      needs some unpaired DNA structure to initiate transcription.

PMID- 182287
TI  - Isolation and properties of a cyclic guanosine-monophosphate sensitive
      intracellular ribonuclease from Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - A ribonuclease was isolated and completely purified from sporulating cells of
      Bacillus subtilis. This RNase has a M.W. of about 150,000 daltons. It hydrolyzes
      single stranded RNA and single stranded synthetic polynucleotides yielding
      nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The enzyme is an exonuclease which degrades
      polynucleotides from the 3'-end in the direction of the 5'-terminal. The RNase
      activity is strikingly inhibited by cGMP and to a lesser extent by cAMP. This
      inhibition (Ki = 0.1 mM) is of a non competitive nature. It appeared that in
      addition to the inhibition site, the enzyme contains a high affinity binding site
      for the two cyclic mononucleotides (K (cAMP) = 8.3 x 10-8; K (cGMP) = 2.5 x 10
      7). The RNase activity is also strongly inhibited by spermidine. This inhibition
      appeared to be due to the polyamine binding with the RNA, thus lowering the
      affinity of the substrate for the active site of the enzyme. This RNase may play
      a role in vivo in selective degradation of newly synthesized mRNA during
      sporulation.

PMID- 182286
TI  - [Purification and mechanism of action of a plant galactokinase].
AB  - The previously described galactokinase from Fenugreek seeds, has been purified by
      affinity chromatography on a column of galactosamine-CH Sepharose. This material
      ensures a more specific fixation than does ATP-Sepharose. A 400 fold purification
      was achieved in a single step, with a 80 per cent yield. Km's for galactose and
      for Mg/ATP2- complex were respectively 0.54 x 10-3 M and 5, 10-3 M. Galactose-1
      phosphate is a competitive inhibitor of galactose while the inhibition for Mg
      ATP2- is not a competitive one. The Mg-ADP complex is a non-competitive inhibitor
      of both galactose and Mg-ATP2-. Moreover, the Km of the enzyme for M-ATP2-
      complex is modified when 2-deoxy- and 6-deoxy-galactose are used instead of
      galactose. These results are consistent with an ordered sequential mechanism for
      this galactokinase: galactose binds to the enzyme before Mg-ATP2-, and galactose
      1-phosphate is the last reaction product liberated. The affinity of the kinase
      for 6-deoxygalactose is lower than for 2-deoxygalactose. This observation reveals
      the importance of the hydroxyl in C6 position for the binding on the enzyme.

PMID- 182288
TI  - Alteration of poly (ADP-Rib) synthesis during progesterone- caused gene
      expression in oviducts of quails.
AB  - The biological model of the selective induction of RNA synthesis in oviducts of
      estrogen stimulated immature quails by progesterone has been used to clarify
      whether poly (AD-Rib) is involved in DNA transcription. The chromatin-bound as
      well as the soluble poly (ADP-Rib) polymerase has been isolated from oviducts and
      the optimal reaction conditions have been determined. The activities, as measured
      by the incorporation rates of NAD+ into poly (ADP-Rib), of both, chromatin-bound
      "endogenous" polymerase (in the absense of "exogenous" DNA and histones) and
      soluble enzyme (native DNA-lysine-rich histone ratio: 4.3) from progesterone
      treated quail oviducts, have been determined to be only 30 per cent and 46 per
      cent respectively, as compared with the activities of the enzymes from the
      controls. This decrease in incorporation rates is apparently not due to an
      increased poly (ADP-Rib) degrading enzyme activity. Poly (ADP-Rib) synthesis in
      vivo was determined by incorporation studies with the precursor (14C) ribose. 12
      h after intraperitoneal administration, 0.014 per cent of the total radioactivity
      was recovered in the oviduct histone fraction, 0.011 per cent in the oviduct
      nonhistone fraction and 0.009 per cent in the oviduct "HCIextract" containing the
      histone subfractions f1, f2 and f3. Among these histone subfractions f1 is ADP
      ribosylated to the largest extent. ADP-ribosylation of f1 is less extensive in
      progesterone-stimulated oviducts (65 per cent) than in the controls (100 per
      cent). The present results suggest that in course of the selective, progesterone
      induced DNA transcription the poly (ADP-Rib synthesis might drop.

PMID- 182289
TI  - [Iron and copper metabolism and the activity of some hemoproteins and of
      succinate dehydrogenase in the chronic lead poisoning of white rats].

PMID- 182290
TI  - Nucleoside 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterases in sea urchin sperm.

PMID- 182291
TI  - Antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: a comparative study using
      indirect haemagglutination in carcinoma of the cervix and in other malignant
      conditions.
AB  - The authors used a technique of indirect haemagglutination to compare levels of
      antibody to Herpesvirus simplex types 1 and 2 in groups of patients with
      carcinoma of the cervix, together with other malignant conditions and in
      comparison to controls. A significant difference in the mean titre of antibody to
      type 2 virus is revealed between the carcinoma group and the B controls. The
      significance of the antibody assays is assessed by a study of the specificity of
      the antibodies found and by an assay of antibody which cross reacts with
      Herpesvirus simplex type 1.

PMID- 182292
TI  - Cytopathogenic XC assay for bone marrow from mice infected with murine leukemia
      viruses.
AB  - Virus production "in vitro" by bone marrow cells of murine leukemia virus
      infected BALB/c mice was determined with a modified reverse XC cell assay. Bone
      marrow of mice infected by either Rauscher leukemia virus or Soule myeloid
      leukemia virus was cocultivated with XC cells and quantification was done by
      counting syncytia. During the development of both erythroblastosis and myeloid
      leukemia, the number of syncytia induced by cocultivation increased. High numbers
      of syncytia were especially obtained with myeloid leukemia cells; the phenomenon
      was evident as early as one month following inoculation with virus and before the
      onset of conspicuous clinical signs of disease.

PMID- 182293
TI  - [Blood platelet cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E1 before and during post-operative
      venous thrombosis].
AB  - The intracellular level of cyclic AMP and PGE1 in platelets of 19 patients before
      and on the third day after surgery was measured. Among these 19 patients, 11
      developed venous thrombosis in the legs early after surgery. We found no
      correlation between the occurrence of thrombosis and the initial level of cyclic
      AMP of PGE1. Nevertheless, after surgery the mean values of cyclic AMP or PGE1 in
      both the groups with or without thrombosis were significantly decreased. For PGE1
      levels statistical analysis of variance showed a significant difference between
      the individual variations, pointing out an "individual factor".

PMID- 182294
TI  - Letter: Cell mediated response to herpes simplex virion and non-virion antigens
      in patients with cervical carcinoma with a depressed response to
      phytohemagglutinin.

PMID- 182295
TI  - Interactions between diverse proteinoids and microspheres in simulation of
      primordial evolution.
AB  - Experiments demonstrating an incorporation of different enzymelike activities
      into a single preparation of proteinoid microspheres provide a conceptual basis
      for the primitive lengthening of protometabolic pathways. An enhancement of one
      enzymelike activity by another proteinoid in the same microsphere has been found.
      This effect, plus the pathway-lengthening propensity of combinations of
      microspheres, indicates selective advantages contributing to adaptive
      protoselection. Data reported in this paper also bring into purview the concept
      of internally controlled variation. Inferences are derived for the origin of
      protosexuality in protocells. When allowance is made for a closer relationship to
      the environment than that needed in contemporary selection, the fundamental
      mechanistic requirements of protoevolution are regarded as met by the proteinoid
      microsphere.

PMID- 182296
TI  - Dyslipoproteinemias and their ocular manifestations.

PMID- 182297
TI  - Phenotypic expression of galactokinase deficiency in heterozygous and homozygous
      subjects: in vivo and in vitro studies.
AB  - Cultured fibroblasts derived from a patient homozygous for galactokinase
      deficiency, his parents, and controls had similar rates of growth in culture
      media where the only hexose was glucose. However, in media where the only hexose
      was galactose there was almost no growth of homozygous mutant cells or of
      maternal heterozygous cells and slight growth of paternal heterozygous cells.
      Growth of control cells was initially slow, but after a lag period (which
      coincided with increasing galactokinase activity) growth reached approximately
      the same levels as in glucose medium. In all cell lines there was a direct
      relation between the degree of enhancement of galactokinase activity and the
      ability of cells to adapt to growth in media where the only hexose was galactose.
      Erythrocyte galactokinase activities in a series of 24 children children with
      congenital cataracts aged 2-16 years were similar to those in 26 controls. One
      child in each of the cataract and control groups had 40-50% of mean control
      activity and was considered to be a potential heterozygote. Galactokinase
      deficiency (homozygous and heterozygous) is considered to be an uncommon cause of
      childhood cataracts. Nevertheless, it is an important cause since early dietary
      treatment can prevent or reverse lens opacities. The heterozygous state may be
      expressed phenotypically in the patient by the appearance of cataracts and in
      cultured cells by their defective growth in media where galactose is the only
      hexose.

PMID- 182298
TI  - Immediate and long-range effects of maternal viral infection in pregnancy.
AB  - A brief description of the pathogenesis and immediate and long-range outcome
      following certain maternal viral infections in pregnancy has been presented. As
      evidence has accumulated from the follow-up of infants with specific congenital
      infections, it is clear that the consequences can be disastrous but not just for
      the obviously affected neonate - the normal-appearing infant at birth may have
      problems which appear much later. So-called "silent" congenital infections of the
      central nervous system may be a more frequent cause of mental retardation and
      specific learning disorders than we realize.

PMID- 182299
TI  - Hallux syndactyly--ulnar polydactyly--abnormal ear lobes: a new syndrome.
AB  - A new syndrome is described. Its distinguishing features are hallux syndactyly,
      ulnar polydactyly and abnormal earlobes with other roentgenographic abnormalities
      along the medial border of the foot. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant.

PMID- 182300
TI  - X-linked syndrome of congenital ichthyosis, hypogonadism, mental retardation and
      anosmia.

PMID- 182301
TI  - [Role of alimentary hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of several disorders of
      lipid metabolism].
AB  - Alimentary hyperglycemia in rabbits was found to be accompanied by increase in
      cholesterol level, as well as in the amount of triglycerides in the blood sera.
      Progressive increase in the serum concentration of pre-beta lipoproteids (serving
      as endogenous tryglyceride carrier) has also been demonstrated. A short-term
      feeding with cholesterol against the background of hyperglycemia in rabbits
      appeared to result in early marked atherosclerotic changes, as compared to those
      in control group of normoglycemic animals.

PMID- 182302
TI  - [Elaboration of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase by cells of E. coli K-12 under
      conditions altering the intracellular concentration of cyclic adenosine-3',5'
      monophosphate].
AB  - The influence of cAMP, ACTH and glucose on the stimulation of chloramphenicol
      acetyl transferase synthesis in the cells of E. coli CSH-2/R222 and E. coli WZ
      78/R222. (cya855) was examined. Glucose proved to decrease the enzyme synthesis
      in E. coli CSH-2/R222, causing catabolite repression; 5 mM of cAMP and 1000
      mug/ml ACTH overcame the latter. The enzyme synthesis in E. coli WZ-78/R222 was
      insensitive to the catabolite repression; as to ACTH - it failed to cause
      stimulation ofchloramphenicol acetyl transferase synthesis in E. coli WZ-78/R222.

PMID- 182303
TI  - [Effect of cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate on cells of experimental
      lympholeukemia L-5178].
AB  - A study was made of the effect of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)
      dibutyril-cAMP and theophylline (phosphoesterase inhibitor - an enzyme
      transforming adenosine-3'-5'-monophosphate into adenosine-5'-monophosphate) on
      the intensity of proliferation (by the increase in the content of nucleic acids
      in the culture), DNA synthesis (by the H3-thymidine incorporation) and on the
      transplantation properties (the capacity to repopulation in the animal organism)
      of leukemic cells of the L-5178 strain. It was found that cAMP in a concentration
      of 0.8 mM considerably inhibited the H3-thymidine incorporation, retarded the
      proliferation and decreased the transplantation capacity of leukemic cells.
      Theophylline and dibutyril-cAMP had a comparatively low inhibitory capacity on
      the DNA synthesis, proliferative activity and the transplantation properties of
      the cells.

PMID- 182304
TI  - [Detection and study of a protein factor mediating stimulation of disulfide
      reductase activity by cyclic 3', 5'-AMP and other effectors].
AB  - DSR stimulation in the supernatant fraction under the effect of 3', 5'-AMP 10(-7)
      M, ATP 5.10(-5) M, Mg2+5.10(-5) M, EDTA 5.10(-4) M and protamine 5 mg/ml was
      mediated through a factor which was readily sorbed by BaSO4, Al (OH)3 and
      activated carbon, and was easily eluated with a 10-fold increase of the buffer
      molarity. Barium eluates of the liver and of the brain restored the effect of 3',
      5'-AMP eliminated by BaSO4, crosswise and equally. Apparently, the sorbed factor
      was a protein since it was not dialyzed, very thermolabile and readily
      inactivated by a low trypsin concentrations. The factor restored the DSR
      activation eliminated or decreased by the protein proteinkinase inhibitor (PPKI).
      A linear relationship between active quantities of the PPKI and the protein
      factor were in favour of the fact that the protein factor was affiliated or
      identical to proteinkinase. A possible biological significance of the DSR
      activation and the hypothesis on the existence of a special protamine-sensitive
      proteinkinase is discussed.

PMID- 182306
TI  - [Effect of early thymectomy on the growth of transplanted mammary gland tumors
      developing in mouse line C3Hf].
AB  - Mammary tumours which developed in factorless C3Hf mice when transplanted to MTV
      S+ and MTV-S- recipients were found to grow at the same rate' early thymectomy
      failed to influence their growth. The observed accelerated growth of mammary
      tumour transplants from C3H/He mice to MTV-S+ recipients, as compared to the MTV
      S- ones, and inhibition of the tumour growth after early thymectomy seemed to be
      connected with the peculiarities of the immunological reaction to the virus
      induced antigens.

PMID- 182305
TI  - [Enzyme activity of the bile and liver after disruption of its innervation and
      bile loss].
AB  - Continuous loss of bile in rats with a bile reservoir applied to the common bile
      duct caused an increase in specific activity of malic dehydrogenase, lactic
      dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphoric dehydrogenase,
      alkaline and acid phosphatase, urokinase and histidinase in the liver homogenates
      by the 7th day; the specific activity decreased by the 10th day. Disruption of
      innervation of the liver caused a sharp decrease of the ATP content and the
      abovementioned specifc activity in this organ. In continuous loss of bile there
      were revealed oscillations in the activity of the above-mentioned enzymes and
      sorbitol dehydrogenase in bile from the 1st to the 10th day of the experiment.
      Marked changes in the oscillations in the dysinnervated liver were in favour of
      the fact that those oscillations coursed under the control of the nervous system.

PMID- 182307
TI  - [Tumorogenic effect of deithylstilbestrol in frogs].

PMID- 182308
TI  - [Catecholamine concentration in the hypothalamus following alteration of
      pituitary adrenocorticotropic function].
AB  - Norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin levels were studied in male rabbit
      hypothalamus and midbrain under the influence of different factors potentiating
      the hypophysial adrenocorticotropic function. Intensification of this
      adrenohypophysial function was accompanied by a certain decrease in the
      hypothalamic and midbrain norepinephrine level and by the appearance of
      epinephrine normally absent here. The role of serotonin in the regulation of the
      investigated pituitary function was not revealed since potentiation of this
      function was observed both with the lowered and with the elevated concentrations
      of this monoamine in the hypothalamus.

PMID- 182310
TI  - [Effect of microvessel injury on the frequency of tumor cells' lodging in them].
AB  - The action of local laser-induced microvascular injury on the frequency of tumour
      cell lodgement and on the ability of these cells to migrate out of the
      microvessel lumen was studied. Intravital TV-microscope with a videotape recorder
      and an ultra-voilet laser was used. Ascites Saidel hepatoma cells were injected
      into the blood stream of rats. Lodgement of tumour cells in the mesenteric
      vessels was observed but rarely (11%). The lodged cells adhered to the
      microvascular wall and gradually migrated from the lumen. The injury of the wall
      with laser beam results in the formation of microthrombi and in increase in the
      frequency of lodgement of the tumour cells in these vessels: 82% against 11%, but
      migration of these cells decreased. The data obtained supported the significance
      of the microthrombus formation in the metastatic process. However, this role is
      not one-sided since on the background of increased frequency of adhesion of the
      tumour cells there was noted a decrease in their motility in the course of
      several hours after the lodgement in the microvessels.

PMID- 182309
TI  - [Changes in leukocyte enzyme activity during experimental amyloidogenesis and in
      patients with amyloidosis].
AB  - The activity of hydrolytic and redox myeloperoxidase enzymes was determined in
      the neutrophils and lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of patients with
      secondary amyloidosis and also of the animals with amyloidogenesis and
      amyloidosis (caseine model). During the amyloidogenesis the activity of
      hyocrolytic enzymes and of myeloperoxidase in the neutrophils was found to
      decrease; this was particularly marked at the stage of the initial amyloid
      deposition. Changes in the enzyme activity in the animals against the background
      of already developed amyloidosis coincided with such in the blood cells of
      patients with secondary amyloidosis. The results obtained are discussed from the
      aspects of resorption theory.

PMID- 182311
TI  - Radiation as a cause of breast cancer.

PMID- 182312
TI  - Proceedings: Oestrogen receptor activity, plasma oetrogen concentrations and
      response to endocrine therapy in cancer of the breast.

PMID- 182313
TI  - Treatment of Nelson's syndrome by pituitary implantation of yttrium-90 or gold
      198.
AB  - Eight patients with Nelson's syndrome were treated with a pituitary implant of
      yttrium-90 or gold-198 four to 16 years after adrenal surgery. All had
      considerable pigmentation. One already had cranial nerve abnormalities and visual
      field defects and had had both a craniotomy and deep x-ray treatment. Radiographs
      showed that the pituitary fossa was abnormal in seven patients. A biopsy
      performed in six cases showed mucoid (or basophil) adenoma in all. In the four
      specimens examined ACTH was identified by electron microscopy or
      immunofluorescence, or both. Patients were followed up after pituitary
      implantation for three months to 12 years. All showed decreased pigmentation, and
      six became normal. Four patients regained normal ACTH levels and the other two
      studied had decreased levels. In no case did new cranial nerve disease or further
      sellar expansion develop since operation, and two patients showed remodelling of
      the sella. Complications were temporary leakage of cerebrospinal fluid and
      diabetes insipidus in one patient and gonadotrophin deficiency in another.

PMID- 182314
TI  - Ocular involvement in cytomegalovirus infection in a previously healthy adult.

PMID- 182315
TI  - Letter: Reducing outpatient attendances.

PMID- 182316
TI  - Dorsal root reflex response in sympathetic nerves.

PMID- 182317
TI  - Vago-aortic nerves stimulation and REM sleep: evidence for a REM-triggering and a
      REM-maintenance factor.

PMID- 182318
TI  - The uptake of L-glutamate by the retina.
AB  - The accumulation of L[14C]glutamate by the isolated rat retina has been studied.
      When retinae were incubated at 37 degrees C in a medium containing L
      [14C]glutamate, tissue/medium ratios of about 40:1 were achieved after 60 min.
      The labelled L-glutamate was rapidly metabolised and after 10 min about 50% of
      the radioactivity in the tissue amino acids was present as glutamine, aspartate,
      and 4-aminobutyrate (GABA). The process responsible for L-glutamate uptake showed
      many of the properties of an active uptake system: it was temperature sensitive,
      sodium dependent, inhibited by metabolic inhibitors and showed saturation
      kinetics. The saturable uptake process could be resolved into two components; a
      'high' affinity process (apparent Km = 21 muM, Vmax = 35 nmoles/min/g tissue) and
      a 'low' affinity process (Km = 630 muM, Vmax = 881 nmoles/min/g tissue). The
      'high' affinity and 'low' affinity uptake processes for L-glutamate appeared to
      have identical properties in the retina. The uptake of L-glutamate was not
      specific and was inhibited by other acidic amino acids including D-glutamate but
      not by neutral or basic amino acids. The retinal uptake of L-glutamate is not
      likely to be due to a homoexchange phenomenon because the retina was capable of
      achieving a large net uptake of glutamate and the efflux of L-[14C]glutamate from
      the tissue was not increased by the addition of non-radioactive L-glutamate to
      the incubation medium. Autoradiographic studies indicated that the sites for
      glutamate uptake are largely in the neuroglial Muller cells.

PMID- 182319
TI  - Cytochemical localization of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the central
      nervous system of the rat.
AB  - The histochemical detection of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) in neurons of the
      CNS has been confirmed at the level of electron microscope. Both glucose-6
      phosphate (G-6-P) and alpha-glycerophosphate (alpha-gP) can be used as substrates
      to localize the reaction product of this enzyme, which we have found in all cell
      types of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brain stem. The reaction was most
      prominent in large neurons, such as the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and the
      pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex. This is due to their extensive content of
      rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the ultrastructural sites of G-6-Pase
      activity. It was possible to measure quantitatively the hydrolysis of G-6-P and
      alpha-gP in brain homogenates and also in microsomal fractions, the biochemical
      correlate of the cytochemically demonstrable activity. These results call for a
      reappraisal of the previous biochemical evidence, which negates the existence of
      brain G-6-Pase, and consequently a reassessment of current concepts pertaining to
      the metabolic regulation of brain glucose.

PMID- 182321
TI  - Effects of morphine upon the lamina V type cells activities in the dorsal horn of
      the decerebrate cat.
AB  - The effects of morphine (2 mg/kg i.v.) upon the transmission of nociceptive
      messages at the  spinal level have investigated in decerebrate cats by studying
      its effects on the activities of lamina V dorsal horn interneurons. In contrast
      to previous results obtained on the spinal cat, morphine had little or no effects
      on lamina V type cells in the decerebrate preparation. The mean values for
      spontaneous activity and responses to natural noxious stimulation were
      practically identical before and after morphine administration. Moreover, no
      significant depressive effect was found on responses induced by supramaximal
      transcutaneous stimulation. However, for this type of activity a depressive
      effect was revealed, if only the late component of units which presented bimodal
      responses were considered. We were unable to demonstrate after morphine
      administration an increase of the  descending inhibitory effects induced on
      lamina V cells by stimulation of the central inferior  nucleus of the raphe.
      Additional experiments using reversible spinalization (by cooling the cord at the
      thoracic level) suggest that the lack of effect of morphine on decerebrate
      animals could be explained by the fact that in this preparation, descending
      inhibitory influences are strongly exacerbated and thus may mask the depressive
      effects of this drug. These results indicate that the direct electrophysiological
      evidence of an increase of the descending control systems after morphine
      administration must be performed in the  intact preparation in order to avoid the
      effects ot their exacerbation in the  decerebrate state.

PMID- 182322
TI  - Brain energy metabolism of the conscious rat exposed to various physiological and
      pathological situations.
AB  - Using a time-sharing fluorometer-reflectometer, pyridine nucleotide (NADH) and
      flavoprotein (Fp) fluorescence, as well as reflected light at the excitation
      wavelength, were measured and correlated with the electrical activity of an awake
      cerebral cortex. Exposure of the rat to a nitrogen atmosphere (anoxia) led to an
      increase in signals representing the reduction of pyridine nucleotides and
      flavins, with very similar kinetics. Inducement of partial ischemia by bilateral
      carotid artery ligation led to an increase in NADH, accompanied by a very small
      effect on the electrical activity (ECoG). In most animals, 2-3h after ligation,
      the ECoG  became flat or depressed. Exposure of this ischemic cerebral cortex to
      KC1 solution caused depression of the electrical activity without metabolic
      response probably due to the limitation of oxygen supply. The metabolic state of
      an awake cerebral cortex was identified by exposing the brain to various levels
      of  oxygen, epileptoform activity, spreading depression, hyperbaric pressure of
      oxygen and an uncoupler. From our results we conclude that the awake cerebral
      cortex is close to the resting state, state 4, rather than to the active state,
      state 3.

PMID- 182320
TI  - Response of glioblasts to a morphological transforming factor: cinematographic
      and chemical correlations.

PMID- 182323
TI  - Regulation of rat adrenal dopamine beta-hydroxylase. II. Receptor interaction in
      the regulation of enzyme synthesis and degradation.
AB  - Rat adrenal gland dopamine beta-hydroxylase is under neuronal regulation from the
      splanchnic nerve and hormonal control via adrenal cortical glucocorticoids. The
      regulatory systems act in different ways; neuronal stimuli induce dopamine beta
      hydroxylase synthesis while hormonal stimulation inhibits enzyme degradation.
      Despite these mechanistic differences, both systems require a normally innervated
      cholinergic receptor to exert their effect. The enzyme response to either neural
      stimulation or ACTH administration is blocked by splanchnic denervation.
      Glucocorticoid stimulation of dopamine beta-hydroxylase, however, can occur after
      adrenal denervation, suggesting that ACTH acts on a receptor which requires
      splanchnic innervation, but glucocorticoids act distal to the receptor. Similar
      results were obtained when the effect of these manipulations were studied on
      phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, another enzyme in the catecholamine
      biosynthetic pathway. A model attempting to unify these and earlier findings is
      presented, in which the splanchnic nerve is involved in regulating both adrenal
      cortical glucocorticoidogenesis (by allowing ACTH to act on glucocorticoid
      synthesis) and adrenal medullary catecholamine biosynthesis (by induction of
      enzyme synthesis.).

PMID- 182324
TI  - Properties and partial purification of an oestrogen receptor from neonatal rat
      brain.

PMID- 182325
TI  - CYCLIC AMP/*SECRETl cyclic AMP into push-pull perfusates in freely moving rats.
AB  - Cyclic AMP was found in perfusates of push-pull cannula's, chronically placed in
      the lateral ventricle of freely moving rats. After addition of norepinephrine,
      dopamine or adenosine to the perfusates the output of cyclic AMP was enhanced,
      whilst serotonin and histamine were found to be ineffective. The effects of
      noradrenaline and dopamine on cyclic AMP were found to be mediated by different
      receptors: haloperidol antagonized only the dopamine response. The effect of
      norepinephrine was mimicked by isoprenaline, a beta-adrenergic agonist, but was
      not blocked by propranolol. L-DOPA, given intraperitoneally, increased cyclic AMP
      levels in the perfusate. We conclude that the release of cyclic AMP into the
      extracellular medium is a normally occurring phenomenon in brain tissue.

PMID- 182326
TI  - Genotype-dependent sensitivity to morphine: dopamine involvement in morphine
      induced running in the mouse.

PMID- 182327
TI  - [Role of chemotherapy in the treatment of bronchopulmonary neoplasms].

PMID- 182328
TI  - Factors affecting uptake and retention of technetium-99m-diphosphonate and 99m
      pertechnetate in osseous, connective and soft tissues.
AB  - The bone scanning complex, 99mTc-Sn-EHDP, consisting of the nuclide technetium
      99m, stannous ion and ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate, administered
      intravenously is retained in soft tissues in proportion to increasing calcium
      content of the tissues. Within bone tissue, the retention is proportional to
      vascularity and to surface area of calcium phosphate in bones and not necessarily
      to calcium and phosphate concentration. The nuclidic agent 99mTcO4-BUT NOT THE
      99MTc-diphosphonate is selectively taken up by the thyroid and this uptake can be
      blocked by administering sodium perchlorate. Among the connective tissues
      studied, the tracheal cartilage seems to have the greatest potential to calcify
      with increasing age of the animal and man. Soft tissue does not retain the bone
      scanning complex 99mTc-Sn-EHDP but does retain 99mTcO4-.

PMID- 182329
TI  - Effect of estrogen on the collagenolytic activity of rat bone.
AB  - Rats were injected with 17 beta-estradiol benzoate intramuscularly and the
      collagenolytic activity of the rat bones was assayed by measuring the degradation
      of purified reconstituted 3H-proline- and 3H-hydroxyproline-labeled collagen. A
      diminution of the collagenolytic activity which could be recovered from the
      culture medium of estrogen-treated rat bone was observed. However, the addition
      of estrogen to the enzyme using the same assay revealed no diminution of
      collagenolytic activity. These results suggest that the diminution of
      collagenolytic activity in the culture medium of estrogen-treated rat bone is due
      to an alteration in the production or activation of collagenolytic activity.

PMID- 182330
TI  - Nuclear inclusions in osteoclasts in Paget's bone disease.

PMID- 182331
TI  - The regulation of vitamin D metabolism.

PMID- 182332
TI  - Current concepts of the chemical conformation, metabolism, and interaction of the
      steroid, vitamin D, with the endocrine system for calcium homeostasis.

PMID- 182333
TI  - Control and regulation of calcium homeostasis and transport.

PMID- 182334
TI  - A in vivo experimental model for the study of resistance to the renal action of
      parathyroid hormone in man.

PMID- 182335
TI  - Effects of a diphosphonate (disodium etidronate: EHDP) on phosphate metabolism in
      Paget's disease of bone, primary hyperparathyroidism and type I hypophosphataemic
      rickets.

PMID- 182336
TI  - Extrusion of pyrophosphate into extracellular media by osteoarthritic cartilage
      incubates.

PMID- 182337
TI  - Impaired binding of estradiol to vaginal mucosal cells in post-menopausal
      osteoporosis.

PMID- 182338
TI  - Inhibition of cAMP accumulation in epiphyseal cartilage cells exposed to
      physiological pressure.

PMID- 182339
TI  - Biosynthesis of polypeptide hormones.

PMID- 182341
TI  - The synthesis of apoproteins of very low density lipoproteins isolated from the
      Golgi apparatus of rat liver.
AB  - The incorporation of [3H]leucine in vivo into very low density lipoproteins
      (VLDL) from the rat hepatic Golgi apparatus and serum was studied. A Golgi-rich
      fraction isolated on a discontinuous sucrose gradient between 0.5 and 1.1 M was
      found to contain VLDL having common antigenic determinants with serum VLDL. The
      incorporation of the [3H]leucine into the Golgi VLDL and serum VLDL suggested a
      precursor-product relationship. Analysis of the apoproteins of the Golgi VLDL by
      polacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed protein bands with similar mobility to
      those of serum VLDL, except that the former contained virtually no rapidly
      migrating peptides with the mobility of serum apo-C-II and apo-C-III. The pattern
      of incorporation of the [3H]leucine into the apoproteins was similar in VLDL from
      Golgi apparatus and serum, except for the absence of radioactivity in the area of
      the gel of Golgi apo-VLDL corresponding to apo-C-II and apo-C-III. The
      radioactive amino acid was incorporated predominantly into the Golgi apo-VLDL
      bands with similar mobility to apo-B and an apoprotein or group of apoproteins
      containing the arginine-rich peptide of serum VLDL. In vitro incubation of the
      Golgi VLDL with [3H]leucine-labeled HDL resulted in the acquisition of a number
      of proteins, including the rapidly migrating proteins. Administration of
      colchicine prior to the injection of [3H]leucine resulted in the appearance of
      gel bands and radioactivity in the apo-C-II and apo-C-III areas of Golgi apo
      VLDL, suggesting that these can be acquired if secretion of VLDL is slowed or
      inhibited. The hepatic Golgi apparatus was then divided into fractions of
      predominantly forming face (GF3) or secretory granules (GF1). After
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the apo-VLDL from GF, no visible bands or
      incorporation of [3H]leucine was found in the region of apo-C-II or apo-C-III.
      However VLDL from GF1, showed visible and radioactive bands in the apo-C-II and
      apo-C-III area although they represented a much smaller proportion of the total
      apoprotein than was found in the corresponding serum apo-VLDL. In the isolated
      perfused liver the percentage incorporation of [3H]leucine into the rapidly
      migrating apoproteins of Golgi VLDL was considerably less than that found in the
      corresponding apoproteins of perfusate VLDL, where circulating C lipoproteins are
      virtually absent. The data indicate that nascent VLDL begins to acquire the C-II
      and C-III apoproteins during its passage through the Golgi apparatus but that the
      main acquisition occurs during or after secretion into the space of Disse.

PMID- 182340
TI  - Status of tRNA charging, trinucleotide acceptor sequence and tRNA
      nucleotidyltransferase activity in the human placenta.
AB  - Samples of tRNA isolated from the cell sap of full-term human placenta were found
      to have a low capacity for accepting amino acids in the presence of partially
      purified synthetase preparations made from placental or rat liver cell sap. Gel
      electrophoresis of placental tRNA showed that part of this could be accounted for
      by gross degradation. The proportion of chargeable tRNA carrying amino acids was
      estimated by periodate oxidation followed by stripping and then charging with
      labeled amino acids. Only 50% of chargeable placental tRNA was in the charged
      state when isolated, whereas 87% of freshly isolated rat liver tRNA was found to
      be charged with amino acids. A fraction from placental cell sap was shown to have
      tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity. When placental tRNA was incubated with this
      fraction and [3H]ATP or [3H]CTP, ATP was incorporated into about 12% of the tRNA
      molecules and CTP into 5-7%. When rat liver tRNA was used in place of placental
      tRNA, [3H]ATP was incorporated into less than 5% of the tRNA molecules. By using
      snake-venom diesterase over short periods of incubation, it was confirmed that
      the ATP had been incorporated terminally as AMP into the placental tRNA. These
      observations show that, in contrast to rat liver tRNA, tRNA prepared from human
      placenta is poorly charged with amino acids, many of the molecules lack the
      acceptor trinucleotide and there is extensive degradation beyond this stage.

PMID- 182342
TI  - The induced biosynthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterols in yeast: potential sources of
      new provitamin D3 analogs.
AB  - The effect of low concentrations of a specifically designed sterol-24
      transmethylase inhibitor, 25-aza-24, 25-dihydrozymosterol (10) on sterol
      production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined. The synthesis of cholesta
      5,7,22,24-tetraen-3beta-ol (4), its 7,22,24 analog (15) and the 7,24 analog (5)
      coupled with the availability of zymosterol (6) and cholesta-5,7,24-3beta-ol (3)
      derivatives facilitated a search for these sterols in cultures treated with this
      inhibitor. When S. cerevisiae was grown in the presence of 1.3 and 5 muM 10, it
      produced no ergosterol but accumulated zymosterol (6), cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraen
      3beta-ol (4) and related C27 sterols (3 and 5). These results indicate blockage
      of the side chain methylation that normally occurs during the biosynthesis of
      ergosterol in yeast by compound 10 is efficient. The cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraen
      3beta-ol is a close structural analog of provitamin D3 (7-dehydrocholesterol).
      The inhibited yeast thus provides a source of a potentially new provitamin D3
      substitute.

PMID- 182343
TI  - Versatility of oxazolidine spin labels--a model study with acyl-alpha
      chymotrypsin.
AB  - The p-nitrophenyl ester of N-oxyl-4',4'-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinebutyric acid was
      synthesized. The resonance spectrum of the acyl-alpha-chymotrypsin intermediate
      of this substrate was found to have more motional freedom at the enzyme active
      site as compared to the acyl-enzyme prepared from the p-nitrophenyl esters of 1
      oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-carboxypyrrolidine and 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4
      carboxy-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine. The flexibility and the versatility of
      Keana's oxazolidine spin labels as covalent conformational probes is discussed.

PMID- 182344
TI  - Diphosphoinositide metabolism in bovine adrenal medulla.
AB  - (1) A phosphatidylinositol kinase (EC 2.7.1.67) of a chromaffin vesicle membrane
      preparation isolated from bovine adrenal medulla was characterized. Its activity
      towards endogenous and exogenous phosphatidylinositol was very similar to the
      kinase activity of the microsomal fraction prepared from the same tissue. (2)
      Phosphomonoesterase (EC 3.1.3.36) and diesterase activity hydrolysing membrane
      bound phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate was located mainly in the microsomal
      fraction. No hydrolytic activity was present in the vesicle membrane. (3)
      Phosphorylation of chromaffin vesicle membrane phosphatidylinositol did not
      increase calcium-binding by the membranes.

PMID- 182346
TI  - Letter: Proposed new classification of sympathic tumours.

PMID- 182345
TI  - Cyclic nucleotides in spinal cells.
AB  - The most striking effects of intracellular injections of adenosine 3'5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cAMP) into spinal mononeurons in cats are a speeding-up of the
      action potential, both its rising and falling phase, and a potentiation of the
      after-hyperpolarization; the latter porbably indicates a marked enhancement of
      Ca2+ influx. In this respect, cAMP and guanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)
      have similar actions, though cAMP appears to be more potent. It is suggested that
      through this mechanism, cyclic nucleotides may play an important role in synaptic
      facilitation. Changes in resting membrane potential and resistance are less
      conspicuous or predictable. By contrast, both agents, when injected into
      unresponsive cells, presumed to be neuroglia, regularly cause a drop in membrane
      resistance; this is associated with hyperpolarization and therefore likely to
      reflect an increase in membrane K+ conductance.

PMID- 182347
TI  - Response of serum cholesterol and triglycerides to hormone treatment and the
      relation of pretreatment values to mortality in patients with prostatic cancer.
AB  - Cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in plasma samples from patient with
      cancer of the prostate before and after 3 months treatment with either Premarin,
      Provera, Provera and diethylstilbestrol, or diethylstilbestrol alone. Cholesterol
      was also measured before and after one of three doses of diethylstilbestrol or
      placebo. Pretreatment cholesterol levels at 196 +/- 1.3 mg per 100 ml (X +/- SE,
      N = 1093) were significantly lower than these reported for similar age group
      noncancer controls. Significant increases occurred with some of the estrogen
      treatments. Pretreatment cholesterol levels showed a significant negative
      correlation with age in Stage III and IV patients of both studies and a positive
      correlation with hemoglobin in Stage III patients of both studies. Pretreatment
      triglyceride levels at 120 +/- 1.9 mg per 100 ml (X +/- SE, N = 1089) were
      similar to levels reported for noncancer controls of similar age. Estrogen
      treatment produced a significant increase in triglyceride levels. Serum
      triglycerides were significantly correlated with hemoglobin, weight, and
      cholesterol and  negatively correlated with age, Analysis of covariance for both
      cholesterol and triglycerides showed highly significant treatment effects, but no
      stage effects and no stage-treatment interactions. It showed that the
      pretreatment value is of extreme importance for predicting or explaining the 3
      month value. Death rates were calculated by level of pretreatment cholesterol or
      pretreatment triglycerides for all Stage II and IV patients, all treatments
      combined, and for Study 2 and Study 3 separately. No consistent trends were
      evident for cholesterol. Spearman correlation coefficients between category of
      initial triglyceride value and rank of death rate were computed to test for a
      quadratic effect. When the absolute values of the initial triglyceride values
      minus the overall mean were correlated with the death rate, a significant
      negative correlation was found for all causes of death and for deaths due to
      cardiovascular disease and prostatic cancer. These results indicate that the
      death rate is highest near the overal mean for initial triglyceride values and
      decreases as the initial values deviate above or below the mean. Initial
      triglyceride levels appear to have potential as indicators of risk of death in
      patients with prostatic cancer. The percentage of patients dead at 1 year by
      initial triglyceride levels, measured only in Study 3, revealed a pattern similar
      to that observed for the death rate, that is, the highest percentages were
      associated with values near the overall mean.

PMID- 182349
TI  - Early assessment of normal tissue tolerance of fast neutron beam radiation
      therapy.
AB  - Between September 10, 1973 and May 20, 1975, 94 selected patients were treated
      with fast neutron beams generated by bombarding an "intermediate" beryllium
      target with 21 MeV deuterons. The clinical material included: 58 patients with
      head and neck cancers; 27 patients with cerebral glioblastoma multiforme; and 9
      patients with a variety of other neoplasms. Of the 67 patients treated only with
      neutron beams, 31 received two increments per week and 36 received three
      increments per week. The calculated doses in most patients were 1800 rad n gamma
      (neutrons + gamma components) delivered in 6 weeks. Seventeen patients were
      treated with two increments of neutron beams and three increments of 60Co photons
      weekly to calculated total doses of 780-1050 rad n gamma + 3360-3780 rad 60Co
      gamma delivered over 50-54 days. Ten patients were treated with neutron bean
      "boosts" of 300-900 rad n gamma in three to seven increments over 8-23 days
      following conventional radiation therapy. Treatment has been well tolerated, with
      only 9 of 94 patients not completing the anticipated course. In three of these,
      treatment was dixcontinued because of intercurrent problems. Except for those
      patients with glioblastoma multiforme, treatment complications have not been dose
      related. In four patients, complications probably were related to persistent
      cancer. Neutron beam irradiaiton may have been a factor in the neurologic
      deterioration of five patients with glioblastoma multiforme who did not complete
      treatment.

PMID- 182348
TI  - Response of plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen to hormone treatment and the
      relation of pretreatment values to mortality in patients with prostatic cancer.
AB  - Fibrinogen and plasminogen were measured in plasma samples from prostatic cancer
      patients before and after 3 months of treatment with either Premarin, Provera,
      Provera and diethylstilbestrol, one of three doses of diethylstilbestrol, or
      placebo. Plasminogen levels generally were increased significantly with the
      estrogens but were unchanged following placebo or Provera treatment. Pretreatment
      plasminogen levels in Study 3 were significantly lower (p less than .001) than in
      Study 2. Plasminogen pretreatment levels were significantly correlated with age,
      hemoglobin, body weight, and blood pressure. Fibrinogen pretreatment levels were
      significantly elevated above normal. They were not significantly with age,
      hemoglobin, body weight, or blood pressure. Fibrinogen levels generally were
      significantly decreased by the estrogens. Comparisons of means of pretreatment
      fibrinogen and plasminogen levels from patients dying during the first year of
      the study with the mean pretreatment levels of the patient group alive after 1
      year on study yielded no significant differences. Death rates were calculated by
      pretreatment plasminogen or fibrinogen for all treatments of all Stage III and
      Stage IV patients combined for Study 2 and Study 3 separately. Such rates were
      calculated for all causes combined and for deaths from prostatic cancer or
      cardiovascular disease separately. The levels of plasminogen were significnatly
      negatively correlated with death rate from all causes combined and with
      cardiovascular disease considered separately, but not with death from prostatic
      cancer. The levels of fibrinogen were signigicantly positively correlated with
      death rates from all cuses and nearly significantly with prostatic cancer, but
      not cardiovascular disease. Elvated pretreatment fibrinogen levels were
      associated with an increased proportion of deaths at 1 year from all causes and
      from cancer of the prostate.

PMID- 182350
TI  - Humoral immunity to herpes simplex viral-induced antigens in smokers.
AB  - Antibodies to herpes simplex viral-induced antigens (HSVIA) were assayed by an
      indirect immunofluorescent technique in 93 regular cigarette smokers, 75 of whom
      also imbibed alcoholic beverages. Controls were 94 nonsmoking, nondrinking
      volunteers matched with the smoker for age and sex. IgA antibodies to HSVIA were
      detected six times more frequently in the sera of smokers than in nonsmoking
      controls, p less than .0005. IgG and IgM anti-HSVIA were detected with comparable
      frequencies in both groups, but the antibody titers were significantly higher in
      the smoking group than in controls, p less than .05. IgA anti-HSVIA was detected
      more frequently in smokers with 10 or more pack-years of cigarette exposure than
      in smokers with 10 or more pack-years of smoking (p less than .05) or in matched
      nonsmokers (p less than .02). IgA antibody titers to HSVIA were significantly
      higher in cigarette smokers who drank alcoholic beverages than in smokers who did
      not drink, p less than .025. This study demonstrates that cigarette smoking and
      the use of alcoholic beverages are associated with heightened humoral immunity to
      HSV-induced antigens in a population at high risk for development of squamous
      cell carcinomas of the head and neck region.

PMID- 182351
TI  - Trophoblastic pseudotumor of the uterus: an exaggerated form of "syncytial
      endometritis" simulating a malignant tumor.
AB  - Twelve cases of a hitherto unrecognized pseudotumorous trophoblastic invasion of
      the myometrium are analyzed. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was identified by
      an immunoenzyme technique in the cytoplasm of the invasive cells. The lesion may
      be localized and only superficially invasive or deeply invasive and have a gross
      appearance suggesting a neoplasm in the excised uterus. In either case, this
      process has been confused with various types of malignant tumors, most often
      choriocarcinoma, from which it may be distinguished by an absence of the
      characteristic dimorphic population of cytotrophoblast and cyncytiotrophoblast.
      Most of the patients, who ranged in age from 19 to 41 years, presented with
      amenorrhea uterine enlargement and were thought to be pregnant, although only
      four of them had positive pregnancy tests. The most serious complication was
      uterine perforation, which occurred spontaneously in one patient and during
      curettage in five others. One patient died as a result, but the other 11 are
      alive without evidence of disase 6 months to 12 years after the diagnosis. Of the
      11 surviving patients, four received no treatment other than curettage. Because
      this trophoblastic lesion is likely benign and simulates a malignant tumor on
      pathologic examination, the term "trophoblastic pseudotumor" has been chosen to
      designate it.

PMID- 182352
TI  - Direct immunoperoxidase staining for Regan isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in
      human tumor tissues.
AB  - Immunoperoxidase staining for Regan isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase was
      performed on cryostat sections of five human tumor tisssues. With a direct
      immunoperoxidase staining for the localization of Regan isoenzyme at the light
      and electron microscope levels, sections previously fixed with 0.05 M phosphate
      buffered 4% paraformaldehyde were reacted with rabbit antisera to human placenta
      alkaline phosphatase conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Comparison of
      conventional histochemistry and immunohistochemistry for Regan isoenzyme
      indicated that strong specific immunoperoxidase staining appeared on the cell
      membrane surface, and a diffuse one, in the cytoplasm of lung and colon cancer
      tissue cells showing L-phenylalanine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase. No
      immunoperoxidase reaction was obtained in tumor cells showing sensitivity to L
      homoarginine or lacking aklaline phosphatase activity.

PMID- 182353
TI  - Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of thyroid gland.
AB  - A mucin-producing carcinoma in the thyroid gland found in a 44-year-old man was
      first thought to be a metastatic carcinoma, possibly from salivary gland.
      However, follow-up examinations for 8 years have not demonstrated another
      neoplasm, and it seems reasonable to conclude that this lesion was a rare primary
      mucinous adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 182354
TI  - Risk and prognostic factors in trophoblastic neoplasia.
AB  - Three hundred and seventeen patients with gestational trophoblastic tumors were
      investigated and treated between 1957-1973. The risk of trophoblastic tumor was
      influenced by the outcome of the antecedent pregnancy (hydatidiform mole, non
      mole abortion, term delivery) and the ABO blood groups of the mating couple; it
      was also influenced by the patient's age. The response to treatment with
      chemotherapy and , where appropriate, with surgery and radiotherapy, was
      influenced prfoundly by several factors. These included 1) the outcome of the
      antecedent pregnancy, 2) the total body burden of tumor at the time treatment
      stated as reflected by the urinary output of human chorionic gonadotrophin (CG),
      3) the interval between the antecedent pregnancy and the start of chemotherapy,
      4) the ABO groups of the mating couple, 5) the extent of mononuclear cell
      infiltration in the tumor, 6) the immunological status of the patient at the
      start of treatment, 7) the size of tumor masses, 8) the site of metastases and
      particularly the presence of intracranial metastases, and possibly by 9) the age
      and 10) the parity of the patient. A detailed study of the HLA antigens of the
      patient, her husband, and antecedent child has shown no positive effect on risk
      or prognosis. These data provide a basis for a scoring system that allows the
      prognosis to be defined at the time of diagnosis and facilitates tisk of drug
      resistance. Applied retrospectively to the cases from which the scoring system
      was generated, prognostic groups with survival rates ranging from 0-100% can be
      defined. Unfavorable prognostic factors combine so as to increase the probability
      of drug resistance.

PMID- 182355
TI  - Management of small cell carcinoma of the lung: therapy, staging, and biochemical
      markers.
AB  - A chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and
      procarbazine was evaluated in 43 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung.
      The majority of patients received radiation therapy of the primary tumor, but
      chemotherapy alone was utilized in a group of patients with widely disseminated
      disease. In addition to thorough staging with radioisotope scans and bone marrow
      biopsies, a study of calcitonin and histaminase as biochemical markers was
      performed. The BCVP chemotherapy resulted in a complete and partial response rate
      of 53% when given alone or in conjunction with radiotherapy. The survival data
      are preliminary, but the complete responders do have a statistically significant
      better survival (mean of + -95 days) than the partial responders and
      nonresponders. Hypercalcitonemia was not detected in our patients, but elevated
      histaminase activity was found in eight of 24 patients with small cell carcinoma
      and in only one of 19 patients with squamous and large cell carcinoma.

PMID- 182356
TI  - Recurrent cystosarcoma phyllodes: a clinicopathologic study of 32 cases.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of recurrent mammary cystosarcoma phyllodes seen
      at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1932 to 1972. Clinicopathologic
      findings, clinical course, treatment, and survival are described. It is apparent
      that cystosarcomas may recur and several years may elapse between reucrrences. We
      found that 18% of the benign and 8% of the malignant cystosarcomas recurred and
      malignant "transformation" occurred in two of the 28 recurrent benign
      cystosarcomas.

PMID- 182357
TI  - Pretranslational control of tryptophan oxygenase levels in Morris hepatoma and
      host liver.
AB  - Tryptophan oxygenase is present and hormonally inducible in host livers but is
      absent in transplanted Morris hepatomas examined under basal conditions as well
      as in hormonally induced animals. Studies were performed to determine whether the
      absence of tryptophan oxygenase in hepatomas is mediated by an alteration in the
      translational efficiency or the level of the messenger RNA (mRNA) for tryptophan
      oxygenase. The tissue level of the specific mRNA coding for tryptophan oxygenase
      was quantitated in an mRNA-dependent Krebs ascites cell-free protein-synthesizing
      system. The enzyme levels and mRNA activities in host livers and hepatomas from
      control rats and rats given injections of an inducing dose of hydrocortisone were
      compared; they indicate that the induction of tryptophan oxygenase in host livers
      by hormones is accompanied by a proportional increase in the level of its mRNA,
      whereas in the transplanted hepatomas the tryptophan oxygenase catalytic activity
      and the mRNA coding for this enzyme were undetectable in both control and
      glucocorticoid-induced animals. No functional mRNA for tryptophan oxygenase could
      be detected in the total polyadenylate-containing mRNA isolated from the Morris
      hepatoma cells. The hepatomas contained normal levels of cytoplasmic
      glucocorticoid receptor that could bind glucocorticoid, undergo "activation," and
      translocate to both normal and neoplastic nuclei. Thus, deletion of tryptophan
      oxygenase in hepatomas is a consequence of the absence of the gene product, i.e.,
      the tryptophan oxygenase mRNA, which codes for its synthesis; this is not due to
      detectable alterations in the ability of the glucocorticoid receptor to bind the
      steroid hormone, or of the hormone-receptor complex to undergo activation, or of
      the activated steroid-receptor complex to bind to nuclei derived from the
      hepatoma or normal liver.

PMID- 182358
TI  - Levels of C-type viral p30 antigens in lymphoma-resistant mice.
AB  - Until relatively recently, interest has largely centered upon the causal role of
      oncogenic viruses especially with respect to the development of murine lymphomas.
      Host factors have recently come to the fore and are considered to be effective
      here, where we note that, in spite of relatively high levels of C-type viral
      antigen in the AKR X CBA F1 mouse, this hybrid remains relatively lymphoma
      resistant. Evidence points to an overriding host factor in this situation that is
      dominant with respect to tumor resistance and furthermore independent of the
      viral load at least as judged by levels of p30 viral antigen, an assumption
      confirmed by xc plaque assay.

PMID- 182359
TI  - Differences in transcription between transformed mouse cells in culture and the
      tumors that they produce in syngeneic mice.
AB  - RNA-DNA saturation hybridization experiments were used to determine the degree to
      which cellular DNA sequences are transcribed in cultured mouse cells transformed
      by polyoma virus and in tumors that develop after injection of these cells into
      syngeneic mice. A general, overall reduction in the proportion of the genome
      transcribed was found in tumors compared to the proportion in cultured
      transformed cells. When explants of the tumor cells were grown in culture, the
      level of transcription of both repetitive and nonrepetitive DNA returned to that
      observed in the original transformed cells.

PMID- 182360
TI  - Immunization against feline oncarnavirus disease using a killed tumor cell
      vaccine.
AB  - Specific pathogen-free cats were immunized with an inactivated feline
      oncornavirus tumor cell vaccine. Immunized cats produced high antibody titers to
      the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen and were protected from
      oncogenic feline sarcoma virus challenge. However, immunization did not produce
      virus-neutralizing antibody nor did it prevent viremia.

PMID- 182361
TI  - Binding of metabolically activated benzo(a)pyrene to nuclear macromolecules.
AB  - The binding of metabolically activated [3H]benzo(a)pyrene ([3H]BP) to the DNA,
      RNA, histones, and nonhistones of isolated rat liver and lung nuclei was studied.
      Conditions for optimal binding to the nuclear components were determined. Upon
      incubation with isolated liver nuclei and reduced nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide phosphate, [3H]BP was able to bind to nuclear components. The
      binding appeared to be covalent in nature. Treatment of the rats with 3
      methylcholanthrene induced the nuclear aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)
      activity and also increased the level of carcinogen binding. The addition of rat
      liver microsomes to the incubation systems greatly enhanced the level of [3H]BP
      binding to the macromolecules in the nuclei from both the control and 3
      methylcholanthrene-treated rats, and the maximal levels of binding obtained with
      these two types of nuclei were similar. The binding was inhibited by 7,8
      benzoflavone or glutathione. Lung nuclei from control rats had very low AHH
      activity and did not exhibit appreciable carcinogen binding, whereas those from 3
      methylcholanthrene-pretreated animals had slightly higher AHH activity and caused
      low levels of binding. The binding of [3H]BP to lung nuclei was greatly enhanced
      by liver microsomes but only slightly by lung microsomes, which had rather low
      AHH activity. Several lines of evidence indicate that, in the control experiments
      (no reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate added), the radioactivity
      associated with the macromolecule fractions is probably a background value rather
      than due to the binding caused by a specific interaction between benzo(a)pyrene
      and cytochrome P-450. The present study clearly demonstrates that a carcinogen
      activated at the microsomes can enter into the nucleus and react with its
      macromolecules; the carcinogen can also be activated by the monoxygenase system
      of the nuclear envelope. It appears that both the endoplasmic reticulum and the
      nuclear envelope are potentially important sites of carcinogen activation.

PMID- 182362
TI  - Inhibition of antibody-complement-mediated killing of tumor cells by hormones.
AB  - Line 1, a chemically induced guinea pig hepatoma, is susceptible to killing by
      anti-Forssman immunoglobulin M antibody and guinea pig complement. When these
      tumor cells are pretreated at 37 degrees with 10(-4) to 10(-11) M concentrations
      of the polypeptide hormone insulin, with the catecholamine L-epinephrine-HCl, or
      with the glucocorticoid steroids hydrocortisone sodium succinate or prednisolone
      sodium succinate, the cells show a marked reduction in their suseptibility to
      killing by antibody and guinea pig complement; pretreatment at 0 degrees is
      ineffective. Similar results were obtained with another antigenically distinct
      guinea pig hepatoma (line 10) when tested with anti-Forssman immuno-globulin M or
      specific antitumor antibodies and human complement. The ability of the hormones
      to render the cells resistant is dependent on time, temperature, and hormone
      concentration. The effect of hormone treatment is maximal between 30 and 60 min
      and is reversible within 4 hr even in the continued presence of hormone.
      Treatment of line 1 cells with up to 10,000-fold greater concentrations of the
      less biologically active or inactive analogs, DL-epinephrine, beta-estradiol,
      testosterone, or proinsulin has no effect on the susceptibility of the cells to
      killing by antibody and guinea pig complement. The effect of hormone treatment is
      not due to a direct inactivation of bound or fluid-phase complement components by
      the hormones or to a decrease in the ability of the cells to bind complement
      fixing antibody.

PMID- 182364
TI  - Review of mechanism of action studies of the nitrosoureas.

PMID- 182363
TI  - Inhibition of de novo pyrimidine nucleotide and DNA synthesis and growth of
      cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma cells and other cell lines by pyrazofurin (NSC
      143095).
AB  - Pyrazofurin (PYF), a C-riboside, inhibited the replication of cultured Novikoff
      rat hepatoma cells, HeLa cells, and mouse L-cells at concentrations as low as 0.1
      to 10 muM, but Novikoff cells were more sensitive than the cells of the other two
      cell lines. Inhibition of cell replication was completely prevented by the
      presence of 0.1 to 1 mM uridine in the medium, and partly by the presence of
      other pyrimidine, but not purine nucleosides. A 2- to 4-hr treatment of the cells
      with 10 muM PYF resulted in a 2-fold increase in the rate of incorporation of
      uridine into the acid-soluble pool and nucleic acids, while the rate of
      incorporation of adenosine into RNA was reduced about 85%. The incorporation of
      adenosine and deoxyuridine into DNA were reduced about 85 and 50%, respectively.
      The results are consistent with the view that PYF inhibits the de novo synthesis
      of pyrimidine nucleosides. The inhibition of cell replication seems to be due
      mainly to an inhibition of DNA rather than RNA synthesis, resulting from a rapid
      depletion of the pyrimidine deoxynucleotide pool, since addition of thymidine and
      deoxycytidine reversed the inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell replication by
      PYF. PYF must enter the cells to exert its toxicity since the toxicity of PYF was
      reduced 70 to 80% by the presence of 8 muM Persantin, a potent inhibitor of the
      facilitated and simple diffusion of various substrates, in the medium. If PYF is
      incorporated via normal nucleoside salvage pathways, its affinity for the
      nucleoside transport system(s) and kinases, must be low since, even at a
      concentration of 1 mM, it had only a slight effect on the initial rates of
      incorporation of various nucleosides into the nucleotide pool.

PMID- 182365
TI  - Nitrosourea combinations in lung cancer.
AB  - BCNU, CCNU, and methyl-CCNU have undergone extensive trial in multiple drug
      combinations for bronchogenic carcinoma. The addition of a nitrosourea appears to
      be an improvement over cyclophosphamide used alone in oat cell carcinoma and over
      the two drug combination of cyclophosphamide and methotrexate in both
      adenocarcinoma of the lung and oat cell disease. Encouraging response rates have
      been seen in squamous lung cancer with multiple-drug combinations of a
      nitrosourea, an alkylating agent, vincristine, and bleomycin with or without
      adriamycin. The nitrosoureas have been easily incorporated, at reduced doses,
      into multiple-drug regimens with cumulative myelosuppression seen only when the
      interval between nitrosourea doses is less than 6 weeks. Conclusions about the
      ultimate role of these compounds in lunb cancer treatment must await (a)
      comparative trials of combinations with and without a nitrosourea, and (b)
      further exploration of new approaches to increase their therapeutic index.

PMID- 182366
TI  - The incidence of premature contractions in coronary patients during the sleep
      awake cycle.
AB  - Mean heart rates and their variability indices during REM sleep and the frequency
      of cardiac arrhythmias during the sleep-awake cycle were determined in a group of
      coronary patients with disturbances of cardiac rhythm. In some patients there was
      a temporal relationship of atrial and ventricular premature contractions with
      slow-wave sleep, REM sleep or wakefulness. However, when they were considered as
      a group, no significant correlation could be observed. Furthermore, the sinus
      arrhythmia characteristic of REM sleep was not found to be exaggerated in those
      patients.

PMID- 182367
TI  - Insulin: fundamental mechanism of action and the heart.
AB  - Insulin accelerates the entry of glucose and amino acids into muscle cells by
      acting upon the 'carrier-facilitated' transport mechanism. For glucose this
      process is passive and leads to equilibration of intracellular and extracellular
      concentrations. In heart muscle, glucose transport is a rate-limiting step for
      glucose uptake. During hypoxia and ischemia the heart turns to anaerobic
      glycolysis for energy production and therefore, maximal glucose transport becomes
      important. Insulin is necessary to insure proper protein synthesis, probably at
      the level of membrane-bound polyribosomes. However, during myocardial hypoxia,
      insulin alone cannot restore the associated depression in protein synthesis.
      Although insulin hyperpolarizes the cell, a change in the ratio of intracellular
      to extracellular activities of potassium is not its primary mode of action. An
      insulin-induced configurational change in the plasma membrane could
      simultaneously account for the effects of insulin on sodium and potassium
      permeability and the action on facilitated transport. Intracellular levels of
      cyclic adenylate may be reduced by insulin in adipose tissue because of
      inhibition of adenyl cyclase or stimulation of phosphodiesterase. However, at
      this time there is little evidence that insulin alters cyclic AMP levels in the
      heart. Insulin secretion is depressed in patients with heart disease in
      proportion to the reduction of cardiac index sustained. Since the ischemic heart
      is dependent upon glucose as the major fuel, insulin lack may deprive the heart
      of adequate substrate.

PMID- 182368
TI  - Differential beta adrenergic sensitivity of atrial and ventricular tissue
      assessed by chronotropic, inotropic, and cyclic AMP responses to isoprenaline and
      dobutamine.
AB  - Cat atrial tissue was more sensitive to isoprenaline (USP:isoproterenol) and
      dobutamine than ventricular tissue. Chronotropic response of atrial strips
      occurred at lower agonist concentrations than inotropic responses of papillary
      muscle. Cyclic AMP responses in atrial slices also occurred at lower agonist
      concentrations and were of much greater magnitude than the cyclic AMP responses
      in ventricular slices. However, the disporportionately greater sensitivity of
      atrial tissue was more marked with isoprenaline than with dobutamine.

PMID- 182370
TI  - Cell differentiation of the fetal rat anterior pituitary in vitro.
AB  - Adenohypophysial primordia of rat embryos at 13 to 15 days gestation were
      cultured in Parker 199 synthetic medium for 2 to 11 days. At the end of the
      culture period their fine structure and the presence of immunoreactive trophic
      hormones using the peroxidase-labeled antibody technique were investigated. The
      degree of differentiation in the glands depends largely on the age of the embryos
      furnishing the explants. Cultured pituitaries explanted on the 13th day of
      gestation contain only ACTH-positive cells and about 15% of the cells are
      granular. The granules are 50-100 nm in diameter in some cells, while in other
      cells they range from 50 to 200 nm. In cultivated adenohypophysial primordia of
      embryos on the 15th day of intrauterine life ACTH, prolactin, LH and TSH cells
      are evident, but only the same two kinds of granular cells can be observed with
      the electron microscope. The extent of cytodifferentiation in the glands
      explanted on the 14th day of gestation is intermediate between the two other
      groups. The data suggest that the fetal rat pituitary has the capacity of self
      differentiation but to a lesser extent than that of the in situ hypophysis.

PMID- 182369
TI  - On the fine structure of the small, heavily pigmented non-pyramidal cells in
      lamina II and upper lamina III of the human isocortex.
AB  - With the aid of a newly developed technique for the successive examination of
      both the Golgi and pigment picture of individual neurons (Braak, 1974a) Braak
      (1974b) demonstrated that within lamina II and upper lamina III of the human
      isocortex, heavily pigmented non-pyramidal cells are distributed irregularly and
      sparsely. The lipofuscin pigment granules serve as excellent internal markers to
      identify these non-pyramidal cells in ultrathin sections. This favourable
      circumstance facilitates the study of these interneurons in the electron
      microscope. The heavily pigmented non-pyramidal cells are small, spherical to
      avoid with diameters of about 12-15 mum. One pole of the cell comprising a large
      cytoplasmic area gives rise to a few dendrites, while the other pole is occupied
      by the nucleus and in some cases is in close apposition to another nerve cell
      body. The nucleus is deeply invaginated by the large cytoplasmic area and
      occasionally displays nuclear inclusions. Among the usual organelles distributed
      within the large cytoplasmic area the mitochondria with a moderately electron
      dense matrix are abundant and the coarse lipofuscin pigment granules are the most
      striking elements. The latter contain densely packed filamentous or tubular
      material and a single vacuole. The perikaryon rarely receives more than 3 type I
      and type tii synapses per section per cell, whereas the dendrites receive
      numerous synapses of both type I and type II. Within the apposition zone to
      another nerve cell body (which in no case is a heavily pigmented non-pyramidal
      cell) puncta adhaerentia occur and also contacts in which the cleft of 8 nm is
      intersected by a dense stratum. Some of the ultrastructural findings are
      summarized in the schematic drawing of Figure 15.

PMID- 182371
TI  - Multinucleate cells in thymus of C3H mice.
AB  - Multinucleate epithelial cells occur in the thymus of C3H mice. They are poorly
      differentiated and scarce, but are more numerous in the medulla than in the
      cortex. Their increase in number with age is particularly significant between the
      first and the third months especially for cells with a large number of nuclei,
      and may be related to thymic involution. Viral particles of type C, similar to
      those described in murine leukemias, are found in mono- and multinucleate
      medullary epithelial cells.

PMID- 182373
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of Balb/3T3 cells: description of a mutant affected
      in cellular and polyoma virus DNA synthesis.
AB  - A temperature-sensitive Dna- mutant (ts-2) of the mouse cell Balb/3T3 is
      characterized. Studies with synchronized cells indicate that the defect is in DNA
      synthesis itself, rather than in progress toward its initiation. ts-2 supports
      polyoma DNA synthesis after infection at 33degreesC but not at 38degreesC. Viral
      DNA synthesis begun at 33degreesC is inhibited upon shift to 38degreesC. A
      procedure is proposed by which viral DNA synthesis can be used to distinguish
      different classes of cell Dna- mutants.

PMID- 182372
TI  - The influence of social rank on adenohypophysial cell activity in Salmo irideus.
      With special reference to basophil ACTH-cells of the proximal pars distalis.
AB  - In nine cell types of the adenohypophysis in untreated adult rainbow trout,
      histologically different activity phases, seasonal changes in activity, and the
      relation between certain cell types and the interrenal gland, thyroid or gonads
      were investigated by light and, occasionally, by electron microscopy. Special
      attention was given to the effect of social rank on the synthetic activity in
      adenohypophysial cells of trout kept in small groups in which a social hierarchy
      with one (light) dominant and several (dark) submissives is established. Cell
      types in the rostral pars distalis were azocarminophil (I) or amphiphil (II).
      Proximal pars distalis cell types were slightly basophil (IV), orangeophil (V),
      strongly basophil (VI) or chromophobe (VII). In the pars intermedia, cell types
      were amphiphil (VIII) or very slightly basophil (IX). Type III was a non
      secretory supporting (?) cell. Histologically different activity phases abounded
      in type IV cells, which mainly occurred in the proximal pars distalis but were
      also found dispersed in the rostral pars distalis, the pars intermedia and the
      neurohypophysis. Influences of social rank were pronounced in type IV cells.
      Phases with a high synthetic activity were exclusively found in submissive
      animals, phases with a low synthetic activity occurred in dominants. As a
      positive relation existed between type IV cell activity and the social rank
      dependent activity of the interrenal gland, it was suggested that type IV cells
      produce ACTH. In (dominant) male trout treated with DOCG or ACTH, colloid
      containing type IV cell phases, reflecting accumulation of the secretory product,
      were found. This supported the earlier suggestion that ACTH in the trout is
      produced in the basophil type IV cells and not, as reported in the literature, in
      cells comparable to type II.

PMID- 182374
TI  - A quantitative study of ultramicroinjection of macromolecules into animal cells.
AB  - Improvements in the technique of ultramicroinjection of macromolecules into
      animal cells are described. The method is based on the Sendai virus-induced
      fusion of animal cells with erythrocyte ghosts containing trapped macromolecules.
      Fusion of hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells with ghosts prepared by hemolysis
      of erythrocytes in the presence of cytochrome C is much more efficient than
      fusion with ghosts prepared in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as in
      previous investigations. La+++ is more fficient in promoting fusion and less
      toxic to cells than Mn++, which was used previously. Thus in all subsequent
      experiments, erythrocytes were hemolyzed in the presence of cytochrome C plus
      other macromolecules to be trapped, and the resultant ghosts fused in the
      presence of La+++. The percentage of HTC cells which fused with ghosts reached
      80% in many experiments. Ghosts containing 125I-BSA were used to measure the
      number of BSA molecules injected into HTC cells. About 10(6) BSA molecules were
      injected per fused cell. The overall efficiency of injection was low (about 0.02%
      of the starting material).

PMID- 182375
TI  - Preferential synthesis of viral late RNA by nuclei isolated from SV40 lytically
      infected cells.
AB  - Nuclei from SV40-infected monkey cells were isolated late in lytic infection and
      their cell-free transcriptional activity was characterized. 3H-RNA synthesized in
      vitro was hybridized to excess quantities of separated SV40 DNA strands which
      were each covalently bound to Sepharose. It was found that 3-5% of the newly
      synthesized RNA is virus-specific and that the plus-strand DNA, coding for late
      RNA sequences, is transcribed at a rate about 15 times higher than that of the
      minus-strand DNA, which codes for early RNA sequences. This indicates that
      transcriptional control has a major role in determining the relative abundancy of
      early and late RNA classes in lytically infected cells.

PMID- 182376
TI  - Mapping of poly(A) sequences in the electron microscope reveals unusual structure
      of type C oncornavirus RNA molecules.
AB  - We have synthesized a convenient electron microscope label for mapping poly(A)
      sequences. Short lengths of poly(dT) are polymerized onto nicked circular SV40
      DNA with the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. An RNA or DNA molecule
      of interest is treated with glyoxal, hybridized briefly with the poly(dT)
      circles, and spread for microscopy; poly(A) stretches are clearly marked because
      they are attached to the poly(dT) on the easily recognized SV40 duplex circles.
      The RNAs of several type C oncornaviruses were examined by this method. The
      endogenous feline virus(RD-114), the endogenous baboon virus (BKD), and the
      woolly monkey sarcoma virus (WoMV) all contain a dimer of RNA subunits held
      together in a central secondary structure feature we call the dimer linkage
      structure. Both ends distal to the dimer linkage structure hybridize to the SV40
      poly(dT). Assuming both poly(A)s are on the 3' ends of the subunits and that both
      subunits are identical, the two identical subunits are held together by
      interactions between sequences close to the 5' ends.

PMID- 182378
TI  - Transcription during productive infection with polyoma virus and Simian virus 40.

PMID- 182377
TI  - RD-114, baboon, and woolly monkey viral RNA's compared in size and structure.
AB  - The molecular weights, subunit compositions, and secondary structure patterns of
      the RNAs from an endogenous baboon virus and from a woolly monkey sarcoma virus
      were examined and compared to the properties of the RNA of RD-114, an endogenous
      feline virus. The high molecular weight RNA extracted from each of these three
      viruses has a sedimentation coefficient of 52S, and a molecular length, measured
      by electron microscopy, of 16-20 kb (kb=kilobase, 1000 nucleotides). Each such
      RNA is a dimer, containing two monomer subunits of 8-10 kb in length (molecular
      weight 3 X 10(6) daltons). The two monomer subunits are joined at their non
      poly(A) ends in a structure called the dimer linkage structure. The appearance of
      this structure is somewhat different for the different viruses. The dimer linkage
      dissociates at temperature estimated to be 87 degrees C in aqueous 0.1M Na+ for
      RD-114 and baboon viral RNAs, but at the lower temperature of 66 degrees C for
      woolly monkey RNA. All three viral RNAs have two large loops of similar size and
      position symmetrically placed on either side of the dimer linkage structure.
      Since the baboon virus is partially related to RD-114, and the woolly monkey
      virus is unrelated to either of the other two, the dimer linkage and symmetrical
      loops are surprisingly similar and may well be common features of type C virus
      RNAs.

PMID- 182380
TI  - High frequency variation in mammary tumor virus expression in cell culture.
AB  - Clonal derivatives of C3HMT murine mammary cell lines in culture demonstrate
      conversion of mammary tumor virus (MMTV) expression at a rate of appriximately 6
      per 100 clones. This alteration is largely unidirectional from a relatively high
      level (MMTV(H)) to a 10 fold lower level (MMTV(L)). This high rate of MMTV(L)
      variant conversion is in apparent contrast to the presumably mutational rate
      (approximately 3 per million cells) that governs development of resistance to 6
      thioguanine (TG) in the same mammary cells. In somatic cell hybrids between
      different MMTV TGr clones and mouse or hamster TK- cells, expression of
      constitutive levels of MMTV and responsiveness to dexamethasone induction is
      dominant. Thus MMTV expression is regulated by at least two levels of positive
      control, constitutive expression and glucocorticoid stimulation, but the former
      is subject to a high rate of variant formation.

PMID- 182379
TI  - Cloned mouse mammary cell lines requiring androgens for growth in culture.
AB  - Clonally derived cell lines have been established from the mouse mammary tumor
      Shionogi carcinoma 115. Physiological concentrations of androgens markedly
      increase the growth rate and saturation density of these clones. The cells fail
      to grow in 1% fetal bovine serum-supplemented medium, but addition of 10-50 nM
      androstanolone or testosterone results in resumption of exponential growth. Some
      other androgens, but not estrogens or progesterone, stimulate growth of these
      cells. Steroid receptors can be isolated from the cells. In addition to their
      effect on growth, androgens also cause a marked alteration in the cell and colony
      morphology of the clones.

PMID- 182381
TI  - The chick chorioallantoic membrane as a model system for the study of tissue
      invasion by viral transformed cells.
AB  - The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was used as an assay system to
      investigate the the invasive properties of viral transformed NIH/3Y3 cells.
      Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that single Kirsten sarcoma virus
      (KiSV)-transformed cells passed between the epithelial cells of the  CAM ectoderm
      within 6 hr of application, while viable NIH/3T3 cells did not penetrate the
      ectoderm within 24 hr. The transformed cells entered the mesoderm of the CAM and
      formed tumors of proliferating cells. The application of 5 X 10(5) KiSV
      transformed cells resulted in the formation of donor cells resulted in the
      formation of the donor cell tumors within 5 days in 43% of the membranes. No
      tumors were formed when as many as 5 X 10(6) NIH/3T3 cells were applied to the
      membrane. NIH/3T3 cells transformed by the Abelson leukemia virus or the Moloney
      sarcoma virus also ivaded the CAM and formed tumors of proliferating cells within
      the mesoderm, while cells infected with the Moloney leukemia virus did not.
      NIH/3T3 cells inoculated onto the CAM 8 days after infection and transformation
      with KiSV formed tumors with a frequency similar to that of KiSV transformed
      cells that have been passaged in culture for many generations. Cells that formed
      invasive tumors within the mesoderm also attracted loops of host blood vessels.

PMID- 182382
TI  - The selection of virus-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - We have selected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells resistant to infection by
      encephalomycarditis (EMC) virus. Thus far, we have obtained five lines resistant
      to EMC, all of which manifest different phenotypes. Three of the five are not
      persistently infected with virus, while two lines produce infectious virus and
      grow in its presence. The nonpersistently infected lines exhibit different
      resistance profiles to the other viruses we have tested, and they are stable in
      nonselective growth conditions. Their resistance appears to be due to a genetic
      alteration in the cell.

PMID- 182383
TI  - Identification of regions of the SV40 genome which contain preferred SV40 T
      antigen-binding sites.
AB  - SV40 T antigen binds to SV40 DNA. Using a series of purified SV40 DNA restriction
      fragments, we have obtained evidence indicating that the antigen preferentially
      binds to three specific regions. These binding regions are contained within Endo
      R-Hin d(II + III) A, B, and C.

PMID- 182384
TI  - Isolation and characterization of Sendai virus DI-RNAs.
AB  - When passaged at high multiplicity, four strains of Sendai virus all showed
      evidence that they contained defective interfering (DI) particles. RNA isolated
      from nucleocapsids of cells infected with the high multiplicity passage stocks
      was found to consist of only minor amounts of nondefective genome length RNA and
      major amounts of smaller RNAs, the DI-RNAs. These DI-RNAs were found to have
      unusual and variable sedimentation properties in sucrose gradients, but were
      found to represent unique segments of the viral genome by length measurements in
      the electron microscope and by hybridization. A striking feature of the DI-RNAs
      is their ability to form circular structures, indicating that the ends of the DI
      RNA are complementary. The implications of this finding in terms of the mechanism
      of genome replication is discussed.

PMID- 182385
TI  - A significant lag in the induction of ovalbumin messenger RNA by steroid
      hormones: a receptor translocation hypothesis.
AB  - Although ovalbumin and conalbumin mRNA accumulate in the same tubular gland cells
      of the chick oviduct in response to estrogen or progesterone treatment, the
      kinetics of induction are markedly different. Conalbumin mRNA begins to
      accumulate within 30 min after estrogen administration, whereas there is a lag of
      approximately 3 hr before ovalbumin mRNA begins to accumulate, as measured by
      three independent assays. The kinetics of estrogen-receptor binding to chromatin
      indicate that these sites are saturated within 15 min of estrogen administration
      to the chicks, demonstrating that the lag is not due to slow uptake of the
      steroid. Suboptimal doses of estrogen produce the same lag, but the resultant
      rate of ovalbumin mRNA accumulation is lower than with an optimal dose. Partial
      induction of ovalbumin mRNA by a low dose of estrogen does not shorten the lag
      with an optimal dose. With progesteone, there is a lag of about 2 hr before
      either ovalbumin or conalbumin mRNA begins to accumulate. Treatment of chicks
      with hydroxyurea shortens the lag for ovalbumin induction with either hormone.
      Inhibition of protein synthesis with emetine does not prevent the accumulation of
      either ovalbumin or conalbumin mRNA. With cycloheximide, however, ovalbumin mRNA
      accumulation can be prevented. The existence of a lag suggests that there are
      intermediate steps between the binding of steroid receptors to chromatin and the
      induction of ovalbumin mRNA. There are basically two models to explain these
      delays in response: one involving the accumulation of an essential intermediate,
      and the other involving a rate-limiting translocation of steroid receptors from
      initial nonproductive chromatin-binding sites to productive sites. Several
      aspects of the kinetics of ovalbumin mRNA induction are more consistent with the
      latter model.

PMID- 182386
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation in vitro to RII mouse milk antigen among woman with
      breast disease.

PMID- 182388
TI  - [Histiocytic medullary reticulosis and herpetic necrotizing inclusion hepatitis].
AB  - A male aged 47 suffered from the syndrome of histiocytic medullary reticulosis
      terminating lethally within one year. Because of the finding of a necrotizing
      inclusion hepatitis of the herpetic type at autopsy, intranuclear inclusions were
      retrospectively searched for in the tumour tissue. Inclusions were found, on the
      one hand, in a bioptic sample obained from a lymph node at the beginning of the
      disease and, on the other hand, in lympatic tissue and bone marrow obtained at
      autopsy. The relation of histiocytic medullary reticulosis to the herpetic
      infection has been discussed.

PMID- 182387
TI  - [Viral etiology of various animal and human tumors].

PMID- 182389
TI  - [Malignant nesidioma with 2 types of secretory granules in tumor cells].
AB  - A case has been described of a male aged 38 with a malignant nesidioma. The
      clinical examination disclosed marked hepatomegaly, variable hypertension
      associated with cool sweating, agitation and transient hyperglycaemia. The
      primary tumour as well as the metastases in the liver weighing over 13 kg were
      histologically of trabecular structure and stained positively with the methods of
      Bodian and grimelius. The impregnation for D-cells according to Rohoznicka and
      Vortel was positive in isolated cells only. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells
      could be divided in two types. The more numerous Type I cells contained rather
      small secretory granules morphologically resembling A granules of islet cells,
      and staining positively with impregnation methods for A-cells on the
      ultrastructural level. Type II cells contained, in addition to the formerly
      described ones, another type of granules appearing as large, slightly osmiophilic
      ones characteristic of the D-cells of Langerhan's islets and positive with the
      impregnation methods for D-cells. The type II tumour cells must be therefore
      regarded as a mixed cell type containing two types of secretory granules.

PMID- 182390
TI  - On the reaction kinetics in water of 1,3-propane sultone and 1,4-butane sultone:
      a comparison of reaction rates and mutagenic activities of some alkylating
      agents.
AB  - To determine correlations between the biological action pattern and chemical
      reactivity of alkylating agents, the rate constants for reactions of 1,3-propane
      sultone and 1,4-butane sultone with a series of nucleophiles at 37 degrees C have
      been determined. Previously published data on the mutagenicity of the two
      sultones and of some alkyl methanesulfonates and dialkyl sulfates towards
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe have been used in the evaluation of the dependence of
      mutagenic effectiveness on chemical reactivity. It is of interest to note that
      the mutagenic effectiveness of the two sultones, if expressed per alkylating
      event at a certain low nucleophilicity is the same as that of e.g. methyl
      methanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate.

PMID- 182391
TI  - The sensitivity of HeLa and Chinese hamster (ovary) cells to methylene dimethane
      sulphonate.
AB  - HeLa and Chinese hamster (ovary) cells were exposed in vitro to methylene
      dimethanesulphonate (MDMS) and their survival of colony-forming ability was
      assayed in monolayer culture. Asynchronous cultures were exposed to the drug for
      the whole culture period but cell survival was complicated by the toxicity of
      formaldehyde which is a final breakdown product of the drug. A short treatment
      schedule of 15 min within the hydrolytic half life of the agent was therefore
      employed and the response of synchronous cultures of HeLa cells was then assayed
      throughout the course of the cells cycle. Cells were most sensitive at the
      beginning of the DNA synthetic phase (early-S) and most resistant at the end
      (late-S).

PMID- 182392
TI  - Mechanism of the inhibition of transcription by PR toxin, a mycotoxin from
      Penicillium roqueforti.
AB  - PR toxin, a mycotoxin synthesized by Penicillium roqueforti, impairs the
      transcriptional process in liver cells; the two main RNA polymerase systems
      (enzymes A and B) are affected by PR toxin. The toxin does not require an enzymic
      conversion before interfering with in vitro RNA synthesis. Addition of ammonium
      sulphate completely prevents the inhibition of transcription by PR toxin. In
      vitro results, using RNA polymerase purified from E. coli, suggest that PR toxin
      impairs the activity of the RNA polymerase itself. Regarding the step of the
      transcription process affected, it is shown that PR toxin inhibits both
      initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain.

PMID- 182393
TI  - Binding of thiols to microsomal cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Lipophilic thiol compounds interact spectrally with liver microsomes from
      phenobarbital-pretreated rats by formation of unusual optical difference spectra
      with peaks at 378, 471, 522 and 593 nm in the oxidized state. The binding
      kinetics were biphasic. The EPR spectrum of cytochrome P-450 was slightly
      modified but the magnitude of the low-spin signal was unchanged. n-Octanethiol
      competitively displaced metyrapone and n-octane from the active site of
      cytochrome P-450. Other thiols behaved similarly with variations in the magnitude
      and the affinity of the binding process. Tertiary thiols caused the formation of
      the high-spin cytochrome P-450 substrate complex, and model studies with
      myoglobin revealed that steric hindrance prevented the liganding of the tertiary
      thiol group to the ferric cytochrome P-450. Addition of thiols to dithionite
      reduced microsomes resulted in relatively small spectral changes with maxima at
      449 nm typical for ligand complexes of the ferrous cytochrome. It was concluded
      that lipophilic thiols can be bound as ligands by at least two species of
      oxidized cytochrome P-450 which represent, however, not more than about one fifth
      of the total cytochrome P-450 content in liver microsomes from phenobarbital
      pretreated rats.

PMID- 182394
TI  - Copper toxicity: evidence for the conversion of cupric to cuprous copper in vivo
      under anaerobic conditions.
AB  - We have determined the toxicity to cells of Escherichia coli B of cupric copper
      applied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in two ways. The growth of cells
      in liquid medium incorporating cupric copper shows differential inhibition,
      comparing aerobic and anaerobic conditions--toxicity being greater under anoxia.
      The growth of colonies upon agar plates incorporating cupric copper does not show
      such a differential effect. We conclude that colonies on plates are largely
      anoxic even when incubated aerobically. EPR spectra of cells obtained at various
      times after application of cupric copper under anoxic conditions indicate the
      conversion of a considerable proportion of the Cu(II) to a non-paramagnetic
      species, probably Cu(I). We demonstrate that Cu(I) is more toxic than Cu(II) to
      cells when applied under anoxic conditions and conclude that the difference in
      toxicity of Cu(II) applied to cells under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
      results from the greater extent of reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) under anaerobic
      conditions.

PMID- 182395
TI  - Arenavirus taxonomy: a review.
AB  - Despite a late beginning, the construction of the arenavirus taxon and its
      placement in the scheme of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has
      now been completed. The bringing together of the member viruses has already
      provided valuable indications of promising laboratory and field study approaches;
      in the future this classification will contribute further to our understanding of
      the natural history and disease processes of the human pathogens of the group.

PMID- 182396
TI  - Morphology and morphogenesis of arenaviruses.
AB  - Arenaviruses have unique structural characteristics; they are pleomorphic, have a
      mean diameter of 110-130 nm, and consist of a membranous envelope with surface
      projections surrounding an interior containing ribosomes and filaments. Virus
      particles bud from plasma membranes of infected cells and in many cases large
      intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies are formed. These characteristics allow generic
      identification, but not differentiation of individual viruses. Ultrastructural
      identification of virus particles and pathological processes in infected tissues
      of man and experimental animals is important in understanding the nature of
      arenaviral pathogenesis Such identification also contributes to our understanding
      of the mechanisms of viral shedding and transmission in reservoir host species.

PMID- 182397
TI  - Antigenic properties of the arenaviruses.
AB  - Arenaviruses are known to show antigenic relationships in the complement-fixation
      (CF) and fluorescent antibody tests but not in the neutralization test. The
      humoral response to some of the arenaviruses is characterized by a dissociation
      between the antibodies determined by the CF test and those determined by the
      neutralization test and also by its late appearance following natural infection.
      Investigations are reported showing that, as regards the CF test, Junin, Machupo,
      Amapari, and Tacaribe viruses are closely related, while LCM and Lassa viruses
      are distantly related to each other and to the remaining viruses in the group.
      Studies by agar gel diffusion and precipitation have shown complete specificity
      except among viruses that are very closely related in the CF test. Observations
      with sera from persons infected with Lassa fever virus show that CF antibodies
      rarely appear before the 18th day after onset; they can persist, with diminishing
      titres, for up to 6 years.

PMID- 182398
TI  - Antigenic relationships of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Tacaribe virus
      in the indirect haemagglutination test.
AB  - The indirect haemagglutination test has been developed for use with LCM and
      Tacaribe viruses employing antibody-sensitized erythrocytes. Both in this test
      and in the indirect haemagglutination inhibition test cross-reactions between LCM
      and Tacaribe viruses were revealed. This opens new perspectives for group and
      species identification of arenaviruses.

PMID- 182399
TI  - Infection of wild and laboratory animals with Machupo and Latino viruses.
AB  - Natural infection with Machupo and Latino viruses occurs only in the cricetine
      rodent Calomys callosus. Machupo virus induces fatal infection in suckling mice
      and hamsters, and in adult guinea-pigs, marmosets, and rhesus monkeys. Latino
      virus kills only suckling hamsters; it produces chronic but non-viraemic
      infection in Calomys rodents.Machupo virus, in contrast, induces a viraemic
      immunotolerant infection in suckling Calomys, and a split response in animals
      more than 9 days of age. Tolerant infection is associated with haemolytic anaemia
      and splenomegaly, lesions not observed in animals able to clear viraemia and
      produce circulating neutralizing antibodies. Experimental increase in the
      fraction of tolerant response was obtained by decreasing the virus dose or by
      phenotypic inbreeding of rodents. Long-term effects of tolerant infection
      included mild runting, decreased survival time, and almost total sterility among
      females, largely caused by fatal virus infection of embryos.

PMID- 182400
TI  - Tamiami virus infection in mice and cotton rats.
AB  - Tamiami virus produces a lethal encephalitis in suckling mice, and the illness is
      mediated, at least in part, by cellular immunity. Infection of extraneural
      organs, including lymphoid organs, is limited. The same virus produces a
      widespread infection in its natural host, the cotton rat, but neither symptomatic
      illness nor cytopathology results. Since antibody is produced, as in the murine
      infection, suppression of cellular immunity to the virus may be responsible for
      the non-cytolytic infection. Lymphoid tissue is extensively infected in the
      cotton rat and a relationship between this lymphotropism and immunosuppression is
      suggested.

PMID- 182401
TI  - Experimental biology and pathogenesis of Junin virus infection in animals and
      man.
AB  - A fatal disease resembling Argentine haemorrhagic fever of man has been produced
      in guinea-pigs and mice by inoculation with Junin virus. Infected guinea-pigs
      show macroscopic and microscopic haemorrhagic lesions, marked bone marrow
      changes, decreased leukocytes and platelets in the peripheral blood, and
      impairment of immunological response. This response permits differentiation
      between pathogenic (XJ) and attenuated (XJ Cl(3)) strains. Guinea-pigs inoculated
      with the XJ Cl(3) strain develop an inapparent infection accompanied by slight
      haematological changes, the appearance of antibody, and protection against
      challenge with the pathogenic strain. The attenuated strain has been used
      successfully as an immunizing antigen in 636 human volunteers. Guinea-pigs
      infected with Tacaribe virus show cross-protection against Junin virus, with the
      presence of heterologous neutralizing antibodies. Suckling mice infected with
      Junin virus develop a typical viral encephalitis; the pathogenicity of the virus
      decreases with increasing age of the mice. Experiments with thymectomized mice
      and with mice treated with antithymocyte serum suggest that the pathogenicity of
      Junin virus in this host is related to the integrity of the thymus-dependent
      immune system. There is evidence that humoral antibodies do not play any role in
      the development of the encephalitic lesions but rather protect mice against Junin
      virus infection. A recent serological survey among laboratory workers and
      inhabitants of the endemic area has demonstrated the presence of inapparent
      infection with Junin virus.

PMID- 182402
TI  - Pathogenesis of Machupo virus infection in primates.
AB  - Experimental Machupo virus infection of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys produced a
      severe illness consisting of an initial clinical phase and a later neurological
      phase. Cumulative mortality during the two phases was 80% and 95% respectively.
      Attempts to alter the pathogenesis with decomplementation or immunosuppression
      resulted in earlier deaths of the monkeys.

PMID- 182403
TI  - The structure of rodent faunas associated with arenaviral infections.
AB  - The biogeographical examination of rodent faunas associated with arenaviruses
      reveals two distinct patterns. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus is
      associated primarily with a single murid species, Mus musculus, although it is
      also known to cause laboratory infections in other species. On the other hand,
      the arenaviruses from the Western hemisphere are associated exclusively with a
      large and diverse group of cricetid rodents. Studies to date, although limited,
      have not demonstrated their association with any other rodent groups, although in
      South America alone at least twelve other rodent families are known. Evidence at
      the present time indicates that Lassa virus is only associated with a common
      African rodent, Mastomys natalensis. From this limited evidence it is as yet
      difficult to determine whether Lassa virus will follow the pattern of the South
      American arenaviruses, most of which are known from several species of rodents,
      or that of LCM virus, which appears to be associated with only a single rodent
      species. In this paper, the history and structure of South American, Eurasian,
      and African rodent faunas are described.

PMID- 182404
TI  - The genus Mastomys in the Ivory Coast.

PMID- 182405
TI  - Rodent control programmes in areas affected by Bolivian haemorrhagic fever.
AB  - Bolivian haemorrhagic fever (BHF) caused by Machupo virus is acquired by contact
      with the excretions and secretions of Calomys callosus, an indigenous cricetine
      rodent which is preadapted to peridomestic habitats. It competes successfully
      with Mus musculus, but not with Rattus rattus. A successful disease control
      programme has functioned in Beni Department since 1964. It is based on trapping
      surveys and the detection of splenomegaly in Calomys rodents as an index of
      chronic virus infection. Mass trapping and poisoning are used initially, and
      regular trapping is employed to control Calomys populations in towns where
      disease has occurred. More than 1000 cases of BHF were recorded from 1960-1964,
      but less than 200 in the past 10 years. The cost of this programme is
      approximately $30 000 annually.

PMID- 182406
TI  - Protection of monkeys against Machupo virus by the passive administration of
      Bolivian haemorrhagic fever immunoglobulin (human origin).
AB  - Bolivian haemorrhagic fever immunoglobulin of human origin, given either prior to
      or shortly after experimental infection with Machupo virus, protected rhesus and
      cynomolgus monkeys against initial clinical illness. Some survivors developed
      severe neurological signs 30-47 days after virus inoculation and died 4-6 days
      later. Results from one of the experiments suggested that the development of
      neurological signs was associated more frequently with high doses of
      immunoglobulin than with intermediate or low doses.

PMID- 182407
TI  - Status of arenavirus vaccines and their application.
AB  - A limited but definite need exists for vaccines against Lassa, Junin, and Machupo
      viruses. Medical and laboratory personnel, as well as defined high-risk
      population groups, require protection from these highly virulent agents. To date
      little work has been done on inactivated vaccines for these viruses. A live
      attenuated Junin vaccine has been tested successfully in more than 600 persons,
      and a high-passage Machupo virus strain has protected rhesus monkeys against
      lethal infection produced by a homologous field strain.Work has been initiated on
      possible heterologous protection induced by infection or antigenic stimulation
      with arenaviruses not pathogenic for man. Crucial for the eventual development of
      effective vaccines are the construction of more maximum security laboratories and
      the further elucidation of the experimental and natural biology of the agents in
      lower animals and man.

PMID- 182409
TI  - [Possible role of cell contact in the control of a differentiation program in
      Dictyostelium discoideum].
AB  - Synthesis of cAMP-phosphodiesterase falls at the end of the aggregation phase in
      Dictyostelium discoideum. Exogenous cAMP pulses, known to induce they synthesis
      of that enzyme during the course of the aggregation process, do not prevent the
      shut off of enzyme synthesis. Specific intercellular contacts which form at the
      end of aggregation seem to be required for the inhibition of enzyme synthesis.

PMID- 182408
TI  - [Action of an ATP analog, adenosine 5'-hyophosphophosphate in the reactions
      catalysed by hexokinase and fructose-6-phosphate kinase].
AB  - Adenosine 5'-hypoposphate phosphorylates glucose and fructose 6-phosphate in the
      presence of hexokinase and fructose 6-phosphate kinase respectively. It behaves
      as a competitive inhibitor versus ATP in the hexokinase reaction. Its affinity
      for the two enzymes is similar to that of ATP, the maximal velocities being
      however much lower.

PMID- 182410
TI  - [Demonstration of nucleotide pyrophosphatase and phosphohydrolase activities in
      normal lymphocyte of Balb/c mice and absence of these activities in YC8 tumor
      cells and in lymphocytes of animals with YC8 lymphoma].
AB  - Saline extraction of tumor cells from YC8 lymphoma transplanted in Balb/c Mice,
      of lymphocytes from animals bearing this tumor and of lymphocytes from control
      animals, allowed us to show important hydrolytic activities towards UDP-[(14C)]
      galactose and galactose-[(14C)]-1-phosphate in normal lymphocytes. These
      activities disappear in lymphocytes from Mice bearing this tumor and in tumor
      cells themselves.

PMID- 182411
TI  - [Induction of dolykaryocytes by vesicular stomatitis virus in XC rat cells].
AB  - V.S.V. induced polycaryocytes in rat embryonic fibroblasts, transformed by the
      Prague strain of Sarcoma Rous (XC cells). This fusion is strictly dependent on
      the expression of the viral genome and is probably due to the incorporation of
      viral antigens in the cell membrane. The integrity of cellular RNA synthesis is
      however not required. The fusion is probably due to a membrane structure
      characteristic of these transformed cells.

PMID- 182412
TI  - The role of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate and calcium in the regulation
      of contractility and glycogen phosphorylase activity in guinea pig papillary
      muscle.
AB  - We studied the relationships between the positive inotropic effects of
      isoproterenol, increased frequency of contraction or paired electrical
      stimulation, and cyclic AMP concentration and phosphorylase activity in isolated
      guinea pig papillary muscles. The minimum concentration of isoproterenol (10 nM)
      that augmented isometric force development increased cyclic AMP concentration.
      However 100 nM isoproterenol was required to increase the phosphorylase activity
      ratio (-AMP/+AMP) from 0.15 +/- 0.03 to 0.25 +/- 0.03. After addition of 1 muM
      isoproterenol to the bath, cyclic AMP increased within 0.5 minute from 0.58 +/-
      0.03 to 1.04 +/- 0.13 mol/kg (wet weight), peak contractile force was elevated 2
      fold at 1 minute, and the phosphorylase activity ratio rose to 0.40 +/- 0.02 in 4
      minutes. Although an increase in contraction frequency (6/min to 36/ min) and
      paired stimulation produced more than a 3-fold increase in peak contractile
      force, there were no changes in cyclic AMP and phosphorylase activity. The cyclic
      AMP concentration during diastole was 0.60 +/- 0.04 and in midsystole, 0.55 +/-
      0.03 mumol/kg. Anoxia increased the phosphorylase activity ratio from 0.19 +/
      0.02 to 0.41 +/- 0.04 without elevation of cyclic AMP concentration. Removal of
      Ca2+ from the bathing medium prevented active force development and the anoxic
      increase in phosphorylase activity, but did not prevent the isoproterenol-induced
      increase in cyclic AMP and phosphorylase. These results suggest that cyclic AMP
      is a factor in the catecholamine-induced enhancement of inotropic state. However,
      it does not appear to play a role in the maintained augmentation of inotropic
      state produced by increased contraction frequency and paired stimulation, nor
      does the concentration of the cycle nucleotide appear to vary during the
      contraction cycle or during anoxia. Extracellular Ca2+ is required for
      contraction, the positive inotropic aciton of catecholamines and phosphorylase b
      to a conversion by anoxia.

PMID- 182413
TI  - Swine aortic smooth muscle in tissue culture. Some effects of purified swine
      lipoproteins on cell growth and morphology.
AB  - Smooth muscle cells (SMC) were grown from inner media explants of swine aorta and
      used as a model for studying the role of lipoproteins in atherogenesis. These
      cultured cells retain the characteristics of SMC through multiple passages. Cell
      growth curves, in time, were obtained by using standard counting techniques, SMC
      grew slowly (0.019 cycle/day) in modified Dulbecco-Vogt medium supplemented with
      1.5% swine serum. Purified lipoproteins were prepared from three normolipidemic
      and two hyperlipidemic (cholesterol-fed) swine. When the medium of 84 growth
      experiments was supplemented with these lipoproteins, SMC growth rate increased
      linearly with lipoprotein cholesterol concentration up to 10 mg/dl. At 10 mg/dl
      of lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) increased growth
      rate 7.2-fold (P less than 0.01); low density lipoproteins (LDL) 5.7-fold (P less
      than 0.01); high density lipoproteins (HDL2) 3,4-fold (P less than 0.02); and
      HDLc, and lipoprotein appearing in the hyperlipidemic swine, 3.0-fold (P less
      than 0.01). Addition of 10% lipoprotein-free serum stimulated growth rate 6.0
      fold (P less than 0.01). There was no difference between normo- and
      hyperlipidemic lipoproteins with respect to cell growth rate. Factors present in
      the ultracentrifugal bottom, and factors appearing during the platelet release
      reaction, were shown to contribute to the SMC growth response. Morphological
      alterations characteristic of intimal foam cells occurred in SMC grown in VLDL at
      triglyceride levels in excess of 15 mg per 100 ml. Thus there are distinct
      parallels between SMC response in this model in vitro and atherogenesis in vivo.

PMID- 182414
TI  - The effect of severe trauma on urinary cyclic AMP in children of different ages.
AB  - Under routine clinical conditions the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP was studied
      in 97 healthy children (3 months to 16 years old) and 65 child victims of various
      forms of trauma and proved to be age-dependent. The mean admission cAMP urinry
      levels for children of all ages were increased by 44.8% and were time dependent.
      In 26 injured children (3 months to 9.5 years old) the excretion increased to
      12.10 +/-1.29 mumol cAMP/g creatinine as compared to 8.06 +/- 2.25 mumol cAMP/g
      crEAtinine (50.0%; P less than 0.01) and in 38 children (9.5-16 years) it rose to
      6.43 +/- 4.12 from 4.72 mumol +/- 1.10 (36.2%; P less than 0.001). In 23 victims
      admitted within the first two hours after trauma the cAMP levels were elevated by
      31.25% in contrast to 49.2% elevation in those admitted from 2 to 24 h after
      trauma. In a five-day follow-up of a group of 15 surviving patients the highest
      excretion of cAMP was found on the first day. It was followed by a steep decline
      until the values plateaued on the third day at values slightly elevated above
      control. Compared with the fifth day, the first day excretion expressed as mumol
      cAMP/24 h was enhanced by 92.3% (P less than 0.01) and as a ratio to creatinine
      (muol/g creatine) by 52.24% (P less than 0.05. In comparison with injured adults
      studied previously under analogical conditions, the cAMP excretory response to
      trauma in children differs in higher intensity (P less than 0.01) and in the
      nature of the daily pattern starting with the third day. It is pointed out that
      the intensity of the cAMP response to pathological stimuli may be age-dependent
      also in other clinical conditions.

PMID- 182415
TI  - Apolipoprotein of the low density lipoprotein of human plasma: structural study
      in familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia.
AB  - Isolation of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) from human plasma was accomplished
      within a narrow density interval (1.030-1.045 g/ml). After covalent modification
      by maleic anhydride of the protein moiety and delipidation it was possible to
      fractionate, by ion-exchange chromatography, up to 35% of the protein into three
      peptides with distinctive amino acid compositions. These fractions appeared to be
      identical in normal individuals and in patients with familial
      hyperbetalipoproteinemia (FH). Our findings provide further evidence that in FH
      the abnormal catabolism of the protein moiety of LDL is not related to a
      modification of its structure.

PMID- 182416
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for human plasma apolipoprotein B.
AB  - We have developed a simplified double antibody radioimmunoassay for human
      apolipoprotein beta. The purified antigen, a narrow density subclass of beta
      lipoprotein (d 1.030-1.050 g/ml; was isolated by a combination of gel filtration
      and ultracentrifugationmthis material gave a single immunoprecipitin arc  on
      crossed immunoelectrophoresis into an antibody to whole human serum. The antigen
      was radiolabelled using iodine monochloride at pH 10. The iodinated antigen was
      indistinguishable immunochemically from native material and eluted as a single
      radioactive peak from a Sephadex G-200 column. The lower limit of sensitivity of
      the assay was 15 ng protein, and the working range, 15-200 ng. The mean
      apolipoprotein B level (+/-1 S.D.) in 128 healthy control subjects was 86.6 +/-
      29.6 mg/100ml and is in agreement the values published by other workers using
      unmodified assays.

PMID- 182417
TI  - Functional hypoparathyroidism and parathyroid hormone end-organ resistance in
      human magnesium deficiency.
AB  - Hypocalcaemia is a well-recognized manifestation of magnesium deficiency. We have
      studied seventeen patients with this syndrome in an attempt to determine the
      pathogenesis of the hypocalcaemia. Mean initial serum calcium concentration was 5
      6 mg/dl and mean initial serum magnesium concentration was 0-75 mg/dl. Serum
      immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) was measured in sixteen patients in the
      untreated state. Despite severe hypocalcaemia, serum IPTH was either undetectable
      (less than 150 pg/ml) or normal (less than 550 pg/ml) in all but two patients.
      Serial measurements made during the initial 4 days of magnesium therapy in four
      patients showed an increase in serum IPTH within 24h, but a delayed increase in
      serum calcium, which required approximately 4 days to reach normal values. The
      effect of the rapid normalization of serum magnesium on serum IPTH and serum
      calcium concentration was studied in three patients. Within 1 min after 144-300
      mg of elemental magnesium was administered i.v., serum IPTH had risen from
      undetectable to 3600 pg/ml and 1725 pg/ml in two patients and from 425 pg/ml to
      937 pg/ml in the third. Serum calcium concentrations were unchanged after 30-60
      min. These data provide evidence for impaired parathyroid gland function in most
      of the magnesium deficient patients. The rapidity with which serum IPTH rose in
      response to magnesium therapy indicates that this may reflect a defect in
      parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion rather than its biosynthesis. The failure of
      serum calcium concentration to increase during the initial days of magnesium
      repletion, at a time when serum IPTH concentrations were normal or elevated,
      suggests end-organ resistance to PTH in these patients. The renal response to PTH
      was examined in two magnesium deficient patients by measurement of urinary cyclic
      AMP excretion following administration of parathyroid extract. In both patients
      there was a minimal increase in urinary cyclic AMP concentrations. In contrast,
      when the hepatic response to glucagon was tested on the same patients by
      measurement of plasma cyclic AMP concentrations following administration of
      glucagon, normal increases were observed. These results suggest that adenylate
      cyclase systems of various organs may be affected differentially by a state of
      magnesium deficiency. It is suggested that magnesium deficiency may result in
      defective cyclic AMP generation in the parathyroid glands and in the PTH target
      organs. This could be the principal mechanism operative in both impaired PTH
      secretion and end-organ resistance to PTH which together contribute to the
      development of hypocalcaemia.

PMID- 182418
TI  - Obesity: changes in lipid metabolism and the role of insulin.

PMID- 182419
TI  - The hormonal and metabolic basis of experimental obesity.

PMID- 182420
TI  - Starvation in man.
AB  - Starvation entails a progressive selection of fat as body fuel. Soon after a meal
      glucose utilisation by muscle ceases and fatty acids are used instead. Ketoacid
      levels in blood become elevated over the first week, and the brain preferentially
      uses these instead of glucose. The net effect is to spare protein even further,
      as glucose utilisation by brain is diminished. Nevertheless, there is still net
      negative nitrogen balance, but this can be nullified by amino acid or protein
      supplementation. Insulin appears to be the principal regulatory hormone. Recent
      data suggest that decreased levels of active T3 may play a role by sparing
      otherwise obligated calories by decreasing metabolic needs.

PMID- 182422
TI  - Leucocyte capillary migration: an adherence dependent phenomenon.
AB  - To determine the mode of action of leucocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) on
      polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) migration out of capillary tubes, this
      phenomenon has been compared with PMN adhesion to cotton wool columns. Colchicine
      and vinblastine sulphate had no effect on either of these processes but
      cytochalasin B caused marked inhibition of PMN migration and increased PMN
      adhesion. The cytochalasin B effect could be reversed in the presence of drugs
      known to increase intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. For inhibition of PMN
      migration by LIF, Mg2+ but not Ca2+ was essential. LIF not only inhibited PMN
      migration but also increased PMN adhesion to cotton wool columns. LIF inhibitory
      activity on PMN migration was not affected by colchicine or vinblastine.
      Leucocyte migration and adhesion depend on similar mechanisms, and are both
      influenced by LIF which probably acts by affecting micro-filament function.

PMID- 182423
TI  - Case report.

PMID- 182421
TI  - Adenine arabinoside (ARA-A) blocked HSV-2 infected human skin fibroblasts as
      targets for the detection of serum mediated and cellular cytotoxicity in patients
      with cervical carcinoma.
AB  - Human skin fibroblasts remained viable after infection with herpes simplex virus
      type 2 (HSV-2) if grown after infection in the presence of adenine arabinoside
      (ARA-A); The cells were specifically killed by normal human lymphoid cells in the
      presence of HSV-2 convalescent or rabbit immune serum, and this cytotoxicity
      could be blocked by a crude HSV-2 antigen preparation. Antibodies capable of
      mediating such cytotoxicity against HSV-2 induced cell surface antigens could be
      detected in four out of eleven patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Ten
      patients were tested for the presence of direct cellular cytotoxicity against HSV
      2 infected, ARA-A blocked target cells and none was found.

PMID- 182424
TI  - Intestinal metastases from carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 182425
TI  - The culture of tumour cells from human tumour biopsies.

PMID- 182426
TI  - Malignant fibrous histiocytoma associated with bone infarcts: report of a case.
AB  - A caisson worker with symmetrical bone infarcts in the tibiae demonstrated a
      malignant transformation of one of the bone infarcts with wide-spread metastases
      to the lungs and viscera. Histologically, the tumor was found to be a malignant
      fibrous histiocytoma and despite amputation, the patient died approximately one
      year following the diagnosis. This case lends credence to the concept of a cause
      and effect relationship existing between bone infarcts and the subsequent
      development of bone sarcoma.

PMID- 182427
TI  - Tumors associated with metallic implants in animals.
AB  - Eight cases of malignant tumors originating in close proximity to various
      metallic surgical implants which were used in the treatment of common canine and
      feline fractures are presented. There were 5 osteosarcomas, one fibrosarcoma and
      2 undifferentiated sarcomas with the characterisitcs of malignant histiocytomas.
      All 8 occurred in the md shaft of the femur, humerus or radius, a most unusual
      location considering that almost all primary canine osteosarcomas have been found
      tramedullary pins, 2 with intramedullary Steinmann pins (one with cerclage wires)
      and one with an AO plate screws. Seven of the fractures treated had united and
      only one pseudoarthrosis was present where the cerclage wires were used. All
      implants used showed corrosion and had been in place for 6 months to 6 years
      prior to tumor discovery. None was infected.

PMID- 182429
TI  - Colestipol in familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia: a three-year trial.
AB  - Colestipol, a new bile acid sequestrant polymer, has been shown to lower the
      serum cholesterol level more than 30% in 13 patients with familial type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia. Placebo for 6 wk was followed by colestipol for periods up
      to 36 mo. A slight but not significant increase of serum triglyceride
      concentrations was observed during the first 18 no, but they returned to values
      under the baseline level thereafter. No signs of impaired intestinal fat
      resorption were noted. Side effects were primarily gastrointestinal (mild and
      transient constipation). Colestipol seems to be an effective and safe drug in the
      treatment of the famiial type II hyperlipoproteinemia, without escape
      phenonmenon.

PMID- 182428
TI  - The glycogenoses and other inherited disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 182430
TI  - Hypoglycemias.

PMID- 182431
TI  - Issues in developing quality aftercare clinics for the chronic mentally ill.
AB  - Two large aftercare clinics were established to provide treatment and
      rehabilitative care for a chronic mentally ill population requiring neuroleptic
      drugs. The clinics have evolved rapidly and expanded their service over the past
      3 years but have required constant monitoring and modification in order to
      provide quality as well as quantity care in the community setting. These
      modifications are described and the importance of further community-based
      investigation in the rehabilitation and treatment of the chronic mentally ill is
      stressed.

PMID- 182432
TI  - Practical guidelines for the community treatment of markedly impaired patients.
AB  - A sound technology does not yet exist for successfully treating in the community
      those patients traditionally treated by public mental hospitals and aftercare
      programs. The current paper attempts to advance this technology by presenting
      practical guidelines based on the empirical work of the writers and others.
      Recommendations include a focus on the teaching of coping skills, an in vivo site
      of treatment, an assertive approach, and use of a variety of social learning
      techniques. Staffing and monetary needs for community treatment are also
      discussed.

PMID- 182433
TI  - Intussusception and adenovirus.

PMID- 182434
TI  - Newer aspects of parathyroid chemistry and physiology.
AB  - We have attempted to integrate in this review many recent studies on the
      formation, packaging and secretion of parathormone by the parathyroid gland. We
      have shown that substantial new insights have been gained into this complex
      cellular operation. Continuing investigation should clarify many of the
      outstanding questions regarding function of the parathyroid in their central role
      in calcium homeostasis.

PMID- 182435
TI  - Immunoglobulin concentrations and bovine enterovirus inhibitors in fetal bovine
      fluids.
AB  - Fluids from 53 bovine fetuses ranging in age from 90 to 240 days were examined
      for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and neutralizing activity
      to ten bovine viruses. Non-specific inhibitors to bovine enteroviruses were found
      in serum, allantoic, and amniotic fluids of most samples tested. In most cases,
      serum IgG were within normal values. Neither IgG nor IgM was detected in amniotic
      fluids, whereas 2 samples of allantoic fluid contained traces of IgG.

PMID- 182436
TI  - Bone pathology in hypervitaminosis D an experimental study in young pigs.
AB  - Five groups of 4 weanling pigs were fed a diet with 1.2% calcium and 1.0%
      phosphorus for 8 weeks with vitamin D3 at 1, 5, 25, 125 and 625 times the
      recommended levels, respectively. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatasemia developed
      rapidly and persisted in Group 5 and developed more slowly but steadily in Group
      4. Increasing levels of vitamin D3 influenced progressively and negatively the
      activity of resorbing osteocytes with osteopetrosis in Groups 2 and 3 and with
      osteonecrosis in Group 5. Atrophy of osteoblasts further contributed to the
      osteopenia in Group 5. Cartilage growth activity was arrested in Group 5. The
      negative effect on the resorbing osteocytes, which finally lead to death of the
      cells, was ascribed directly to vitamin D3 toxicosis since hypoparathyroidism and
      hypercalcitonism, both resulting from hypercalcemia, are not known to induce
      osteonecrosis. Since hypercalemia was finally as severe in Group 4 as in Group 5
      and since there was soft tissue calcinosis only in Group 5, the calcinosis was
      always considered dystrophic, an interpretation supported by the observation that
      degenerative histologic changes preceded soft tissue calcinosis.

PMID- 182437
TI  - Fever of unknown origin in children.

PMID- 182438
TI  - A comparative evaluation of the antipsoriatic effect of L-dopa versus placebo in
      psoriasis.

PMID- 182439
TI  - Use of cell cultures with persistent virus infections to test the efficacy of
      antiviral compounds.
AB  - BHK-21 cells persistently infected with either vaccinia or foot and mouth disease
      virus were used to study the efficacy of antiviral compounds. The results of the
      persistent infection cell culture (PICC) test were compared with those obtained
      by the plaque reduction (PR) test. The comparison showed that: (1) the PICC test
      is more informative than the PR test; (2) stimulative as well as inhibitory
      activities of compounds are detectable, and (3) since the PICC test can be
      carried on for several weeks or even months this test is especially well suited
      to study the problem of drug resistance in cell cultures.

PMID- 182440
TI  - [Diffuse metastases from pancreatic carcinoma].

PMID- 182441
TI  - Diagnostic tests of bovine leukemia: comparison between an hematological test and
      the serological diagnosis.

PMID- 182442
TI  - Adenylate cyclase and protein phosphokinase activities in human thyroid.
      Comparison of normal glands, hyperfunctional nodules and carcinomas.

PMID- 182443
TI  - Skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with malignant tumor.

PMID- 182444
TI  - [Effect of intercellular regulators of different classes on the enzymatic
      reduction of disulfides (phenomenon and possible mechanism)].

PMID- 182446
TI  - [Poliomyelitis in the German Federal Republic 1974-1975 (author's transl)].
AB  - The virological surveillance of poliomyelitis in 1974-1975 led to the detection
      of specific characteristics of wild viruses in 57 out of 221 cases of poliovirus
      isolation. The disease symptoms were typical for poliomyelitis in 36 of these
      cases, less characteristic in 13. Polio wildvirus was isolated 8 times from the
      surroundings of the patients. In 36 foreign patients and one German the causative
      agent was imported from an endemic area. In these cases and in a further 7 German
      patients the disease was sporadic. In contrast 5 cases in German children in late
      autumn 1975 constitute a local epidemic of poliomyelitis.

PMID- 182445
TI  - [Sitosterol in familial hyperlipoproteinemia type II. A randomized double-blind
      cross-over study].
AB  - The effect of beta-sitosterol on the lipid and lipoprotein level was evaluated in
      a randomised double-blind cross-over trial in 24 patients with primary familial
      type II hyperlipoproteinaemia over a period of 16 weeks. All patients completed
      the trial, however 10 of them had to be excluded from the evaluation due to
      fluctuations of their body weight or unreliable drug intake. Sitosterol lowered
      the total cholesterol level by 12.5% (P less than 0.01) from 9.96 mmol/l (3.69
      g/l) to 8.37 mmol/l (3.23 g/l). The LDL-cholesterol level was lowered by 19.5% (P
      less than 0.05). The sitosterol concentration in plasma was consistently lower
      than 0.3% of total cholesterol. No side effects or tachyphylaxis was observed in
      the course of the trial. A return to normal of an increased serum cholesterol
      level by a combination of a lipid lowering diet and sitosterol monotherapy was
      only achieved in one patient.

PMID- 182448
TI  - [Serological studies on the distribution of Aujeszky virus in pig-breeding farms
      in the Weser-Ems area].

PMID- 182447
TI  - [Dependence of the formation of antibodies against avian leukosis virus on
      specific cell sensitivity].

PMID- 182449
TI  - Interaction between thyroid hormones and erythrocyte membranes: competitive
      inhibition of binding 131 I-L-triiodothyronine and 131 I-L-thyroxine by their
      analogs.
AB  - Molecular structural characteristics of thyroid hormones which influence binding
      to the erythrocyte membranes were investigated by competitive binding
      experiments. The ability of thyroid hormone analogs to displace 131 I-L-thyroxine
      and 131 I-L-triiodothyronine from the membranes was considered evidence of their
      competitive binding. The diphenyl ether linkage (thyronine) was essential as
      compounds with a single aromatic ring were weakly competitive. The presence of
      three iodine atoms at 3, 5 and 3' positions on thyronine was optimal for maximal
      competitive binding. There was weak competitive binding of analogs if chlorine or
      bromine was substituted for iodine. The alanine side chain was required for
      optimal binding as N-acetyl-l-thyroxine and various deaminated analogs were poor
      competitors compared to T4 and T3. L-isomers of T4 and T3 showed greater
      competitive binding to erythrocyte membranes than the corresponding d-isomers.

PMID- 182450
TI  - Failure of 1, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1, 25-(OH) 2-D3) to modify cyclic AMP
      levels in parathyroid hormone-treated and untreated bone cells.
AB  - Treatment with 1, 25-(OH) 2-D3 (1 ng/ml-25 ng/ml) for periods ranging from 2.5
      min. to 60 min. did not alter cyclic AMP levels in bone cells isolated from
      periosteum-free rat calvaria, or in cells isolated from rat periosteal tissues.
      1, 25-(OH) 2-D3 failed to modify the acute increases in cyclic AMP elicited by
      PTH (10 ng/ml-1 ug/ml). Two separate 1, 25-(OH) 2-D3 preparations, biologically
      active in other systems, were ineffective under a wide variety of experimental
      conditions. These results suggest that 1, 25-(OH) 2-D3 is not an acute modulator
      of cyclic AMP metabolism in PTH-treated and untreated bone cells.

PMID- 182451
TI  - Regulation of cyclic adenosine 3', 5' -mono-phosphate dependent protein kinase of
      rat ovarian cells by luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin.
AB  - Regulation of cAMP dependent protein kinase activity from rat ovarian cells has
      been studied in response to luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin.
      Treatment of cells with human chorionic gonadotropin in concentration range of
      2.5ng-1000ng/ml resulted in increased accumulation of cAMP,activation of protein
      kinase followed by the stimulation of progesterone synthesis. A sixfold increase
      in the activity ratio, defined as the ratio of protein kinase stimulated in situ
      to that maximally stimulated in vitro by exogenous cAMP, was observed with 1ug/ml
      of hCG. This concentration of hormone also produced a ten-fold increase in cAMP
      and a thirty-to forty-fold increase in progesterone synthesis. Protein kinase
      activation was specific for LH and hCG, as other polypeptide hormones were
      without any appreciable effect. The stimulation of protein kinase persisted even
      after the elevated cAMP level began to fall. It appears that the activation of
      protein kinase is an obligatory early event that mediates an increase in
      gonadotropin stimulated progesterone synthesis.

PMID- 182452
TI  - Cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors in the developing small intestine of the
      rabbit fetus.
AB  - Glucocorticoid binding and alkaline phosphatase activity in the small intestine
      of the fetal rabbit were studied to investigate the relationship of
      glucocorticoid receptors and the development of the tissue. In the cytosol
      fraction, the binding of (3H)dexamethasone involves a macromolecule with high
      affinity (Kd = nM) for the hormone and a limited number of binding sites
      (saturable at a hormone concentration of 10 nM). That the binding reaction
      involves a protein and sulfhydryl groups was demonstrated by the absence of
      binding of the steroid in the presence of Pronase and sulfhydryl blocking
      reagents. In sucrose density gradients, the complexes have sedimentation
      coefficients of about 4S and 7S at low ionic strength, but only 4S at high ionic
      strength (0.4m KCl). The binding protein is thermolabile, and is stabilized by
      complexing with the hormone. The ability of different steroids to compete with
      (3H)dexamethasone for the binding sites correlates well with their glucocorticoid
      potency. During development of the fetal rabbit small intestine, the total number
      of glucocorticoid-binding sites in the cytosol increases in parallel with the
      increases in the tissue weight until term. However, the concentration of the
      binding sites (pmol/mg cytosol protein) is maximum at day 25 of gestation,
      followed by a decrease to the adult level within a few days after birth. Alkaline
      phosphatase activity is first detectable on day 25 of gestation and increases
      rapidly thereafter. These observations suggest that there may be a temporal
      relatioship between the development of the fetal rabbit small intestine, as
      reflected in the alkaline phosphatase and the levels of glucocorticoid receptors
      in the cytosol.

PMID- 182453
TI  - Testosterone-binding protein in reproductive tracts of fetal rats.
AB  - Testosterone-binding proteins may mediate the induction of Wolffian duct
      differentiation by testicular testosterone. The presence of such protein(s) was
      sought in reproductive tracts of 14.5-21.5-day-old fetal rats. Supernatant
      fractions (127,000 x g) were equilibrated with [3H]T) +/- radioinert testosterone
      in Tris - HCl:EDTA buffer, pH 7.4, (approximately 0.1 mg protein/0.5 ml) at 4 C
      for 16 hours. Bound and free (3H)T were separated by charcoaldextran adsorption
      or Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The results with 14.5-15.0-day-old tracts were:
      a) specific binding to protein was saturated with increasing (3H)T concentration;
      b) Scatchard plot analysis indicated the presence of a single class of binding
      sites with high affinity (apparent Kd = 2 nM) and limited capacity (approximately
      16 fmol/mg protein) for (3H)T; c) specific uptake was limited to (3H)T and (3H)5
      alpha-dihydrotestosterone; d) (3H)T uptake by the tract supernatant was tissue
      specific; e) pronase treatment abolished binding capacity for (3H)T; f) bound
      radioactivity consisted solely of (3H)T; and g) the mesonephric and ductal
      segment of the genital tract specifically binds (3H)T. The data demonstrate
      binding protein(s), specific for testosterone and possibly dihydrotestosterone,
      in the genital ducts of 14.5-15-day-old fetal rats. (3H)T binding to genital duct
      supernatants from male but not from female fetuses increased about 5-fold between
      14.5 and 20.5 days of gestation. Upon Sephadex G-100 gel filtration,
      radioactivity was confined to the macromolecular fraction appearing in the void
      volume. Nuclear fractions, obtained from intact ducts incubated with (3H)T at 30
      C but not at 0 C contained radioactivity. These observations are compatible with
      the existence of a cytoplasmic testosterone receptor or carrier protein
      aggregate. We have thus concluded that testosterone-binding proteins are present
      in the genital ducts of rat fetuses and that, in the male, their concentrations
      increase with progressive Wolffian duct differentiation.

PMID- 182454
TI  - 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-like component present in the plant Solanum
      glaucophyllum.
AB  - The ability of an aqueous extract prepared from dried leaves of the South
      American shrub Solanum glaucophyllum to interact with a chick intestinal receptor
      system highly specific for the biologically active form of vitamin D, 1alpha, 25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D3), was monitored under both in vivo and in
      vitro conditions. The pretreatment of chicks with the S. glaucophyllum extract
      reduced the amount of subsequently administered radioactive 1alpha, 25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 localized in the intestinal chromatin fraction by 90% when
      compared with vitamin D-deficient controls. In addition, the active principle in
      the aqueous extract was found to compete effectively with 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 in a
      reconstituted intestinal receptor system in vitro. The plant factor(s) was found
      to be as effective as 1alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 in decreasing the renal 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol-1alpha hydroxylase activity levels when administered to
      vitamin D-deficient chicks. By means of the in vitro intestinal receptor assay,
      it was possible to estimate that there are approximately 10 to 60 mg of the
      biologically active material in one kilogram of dries S. glaucophyllum leaves.
      These data indicate that the plant factor(s) may be a structural analog of
      1alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 and suggest the feasibility of its isolation.

PMID- 182455
TI  - Stimulation of testosterone production in isolated rabbit thecal tissue by
      LH/FSH, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, PGE2alpha, and PGE2.
AB  - The capacities of isolated rabbit theca and granulosa cells to secrete
      testosterone were studied in vitro. Large Graafian follicles (1-1.5 mm in
      diameter) were dissected intact from the ovaries of adult estrous rabbits.
      Granulosa cells from 4 follicles (50,000 cells) and theca tissue (16 pieces per
      dish, equivalent to 4 follicles) were cultured separately for 6 days either as
      controls (without exogenous hormones) or with one of the following agents: 1
      lU/ml LH/FSH (Pergonal), 10-3M dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bu2cAMP), 1 mug/ml
      prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), or 1 mug/ml prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The media
      were collected every 2 days, and the testosterone (T) was measured by
      radioimmunoassay. The control cultures of granulosa cells secreted small amounts
      of T (700 +/- 317 pg/culture: mean +/-SE) during the first 2 days in vitro, and
      the addition of LH/FSH, Bu2cAMP, PGF2alpha, or PGE2 did not significantly
      stimulate T production. After 2 days in vitro, very little T (greater than 200
      pg/culture) was produced by control and prostaglandin-treated granulosa cells,
      whereas those incubated with LH/FSH and Bu2cAMP maintained their initial T
      production rates. Theca control cultures produced 3 +/- 0.4 ng of T (mean +/- SE)
      during the first 2 days in 13.6-fold by LH/FSH, 3.6-fold by Bu2cAMP, and 3-fold
      by PGF2alpha and PGE2- T was not detected in theca cultures after 2 days except
      in those treated with LH/FSH or Bu2cAMP, which produced 1.5 +/- 0.5 and 1.6 +/-
      0.3 ng of T, respectively, at 4 days (mean +/- SE). These results suggest that
      under the present conditions, pieces of rabbit thecal tissue have a greater
      capacity to produce T de novo than do isolated granulosa cells, and indicate that
      T production is transiently stimulated by LH/FSH, Bu2cAMP, PGE2alpha, and PGE2.

PMID- 182456
TI  - Endometrial content of nuclear estrogen receptor and receptivity for
      ovoimplantation in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to provide information concerning the amount of
      nuclear binding sites for estrogen in endometrial cells during the first week of
      pregnancy in the rat. The "insoluble" (high-salt non-extractable) binding during
      the first four days of pregnancy follows a circadian rhythm, with a maximal value
      at midnight, and a minimal one a noon. By day 5, the amount plateaus at a minimal
      value. The number of estradiol binding sites of the soluble (high-salt
      extractable) nuclear fraction shows a similar pattern. All the necessary elements
      for the estrogen-dependent induction of endometrial receptivity for nidation
      appear, therefore, to be present already by day 3, but the turning on of the
      endometrial response to estrogen on day 4 seems to depend on additional
      factor(s).

PMID- 182457
TI  - Changes in (125I) labeled human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) binding to porcine
      granulosa cells during follicle development and cell culture.
AB  - The specific binding of (125I)iodo human chorionic gonadotropin to porcine
      granulosa cells isolated at two stages of follicle maturation was quantitated
      immediately after harvest and following 6-7 days of culture. Both porcine LH
      (pLH, LER 786-3) and hCG inhibited (125I)iodo hCG binding, while pFSH (ler-1132)
      did not compete for hCG with granulosa cells for 24-48 hours at 37 C did not
      alter its subsequent ability to bind to fresh cells. The binding of (125I)iodo
      hCG was a rapid process which was not readily reversible. Scatchard analysis of
      the equilibrium binding data resulted in linear plots showing the hCG binding
      capacity of highly differentiated (HD) cells, harvested from large preovulatory
      follicles, to be significantly greater than that of moderately differentiated
      (MD) cells isolated from smaller luteal phase follicles, both before (794 vs 93
      pmoles/g; P less than 0.001) and after (157 vs 5 pmoles/g; P less than 0.001)
      culture. A decline in binding capacity occurred in both cell groups during
      culture and was associated with a significant decrease in progestin production.
      In contrast, the hCG binding affinity of the granulosa cell was equivalent at
      both stages of follicle development and remained unchanged after 6 days of
      culture (mean apparent Kd = 2.9 x 10-10M; n=27. These data indicate that porcine
      granulosa cells contain a homogeneous class of LH receptors whose number, but not
      affinity, increases during follicle maturation in vivo. The loss of receptors in
      vitro suggests the absence of some factors(s), as yet unidentified, critical to
      the maintenance and development of the receptor population.

PMID- 182458
TI  - Biochemical characterization with parathormone and calcitonin of isolated bone
      cells: provisional identification of osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
AB  - Two metabolically distinct types of bone cell populations were isolated from
      mouse calvaria by a repetitive digestive procedure with a mixture of collagenase
      and trypsin. Cells released early in the digestion showed approximately two-fold
      increases in cAMP when treated with either parathormone or calcitonin. These
      populations were denoted CT type. Later eluting cells showed larger parathormone
      induced increases in cAMP but did not respond to calcitonin. These populations
      were denoted PT type. Six metabolic and enzymatic activites were measured in the
      two types of populations: acid and alkaline phosphatases, hyaluronate synthesis,
      citrate decarboxylation, prolyl hydroxylase, and general protein synthesis.
      Although each of these activites was present in both cell types, the basal levels
      of acid phosphatase and hyaluronate synthesis were higher in the CT cells,
      whereas alkaline phosphatase, citrate decarboxylation, and prolyl hydroxylase
      were higher in te PT cells. Parathormone stimulated acid phosphatase and
      hyaluronate synthesis by 100-200% only in the CT cells; in inhibited alkaline
      phosphatase, citrate decarboxylation, and prolyl hydroxylase by 75-90% only in
      the PT cells. Calcitonin alone had no effect on any of these activities other
      than cAMP production, but in inhibited the action of parathormone in the CT
      cells. The sensitivities, time courses of development,and magnitudes of these
      hormonal effects were similar to those observed previously in intact calvaria,
      indicating that the isolated cell system is a reliable model for the study of
      bone metabolism. Based on the metabolic responses of the cells, we postulate that
      the CT type of populations is enriched in osteoclasts and, possibly, osteocytes,
      and the PT type of population is enriched in osteoblasts.

PMID- 182459
TI  - Effects of excess iodide and other anions on thyroid hormone secretion in normal
      or hypophysectomized rats treated with graded doses of thyroid hormone.
AB  - In order to obtain further information about the stimulatory action of excess
      iodide on thyroid hormone secretion in thyroxine (T4)-treated rats, experiments
      were performed in hypophysectomized rats, or rats treated with graded doses of T4
      or triiodothyronine (T3).T3 as well as T4 played a permissive role in the
      production of the iodide effect in normal animals, but T3 was more effective than
      T4. Excess iodide stimulated thyroid hormone secretion in hypophysectomized
      animals, this finding being compatible with the hypothesis that, by inhibiting
      TSH secretion, T3 and T4 produced a condition in which excess iodide stimulated
      thyroid hormone secretion in intact rats. However, T4 played an additional role
      in thyroid hormone secretion by acting directly on the thyroid. In
      hypophysectomized animals, small doses of T4 stimulated thyroid hormone
      secretion, and this action was additive to that of excess iodide, whereas large
      doses of T4 were inhibitory and reduced the effectiveness of excess iodide. The
      stimulatory action on thyroid hormone secretion was specific for iodide and was
      not shared by other anions. The action of excess iodide was blocked by
      methimazole. We suggest that excess iodide stimulates thyroid hormone secretion
      by increasing intrathyroidal concentrations of cyclic AMP in the absence of TSH,
      and that this increase in cyclic AMP concentration is blocked by methimazole.

PMID- 182460
TI  - A cytoplasmic estradiol receptor in rat testicular tissue.
AB  - Testicular cytosol from Sprague-Dawley rats was shown to possess an estradiol
      binding component which exhibited the properties of a receptor. Specific binding
      of estradiol by the receptor was shown, at 4C in vitro, to reach equilibrium by 6
      h. That level of binding was maintained at a plateau for 18 h. Estradiol binding
      was demonstrated to increase linearly as a function of testicular cytosol
      concentration ultilized. The Ka at equilibrium was determined as 4.07  .05 x
      1010M-1, while the number of binding sites for whole testicular tissue from
      mature rats was 1.16 x 10-14 +/- 0.061 moles/mg cytosol protein. Sucrose gradient
      sedimentation analysis of the cytosol receptor revealed that the major peak of
      radioactivity migrated in the 8S region. Enzymatic treatment of the cytosol
      demonstrated that the binding component was protein in nature. Heat treatment, 70
      C for 10 min, resulted in 83% loss of the receptor activity. Storage in liquid N2
      (for as long as 60 days) was shown to maintain receptor activity. Steroid
      specificity studies revealed that other estrogens were competitive with 17beta
      estradiol for binding sites, but progestins, testosterone, and
      dihydrotestosterone did not affect estradiol binding. Tissue specificity studies
      showed that the capacity of testicular cytosol to bind estradiol was much greater
      than that of several non-target organs. Ontogenically, the cytoplasmic estradiol
      binding capacity/testis was low from 7 to 21 days of age, but rose dramatically
      between 3 and 7 weeks of age, and an apparent plateau was reached at 15 weeks.
      The injection of unlabeled 17beta-estradiolin vvio was shown to deplete the
      cytosol of estradiol binding sites as determined in vitro. Depletion was rapid,
      occurring within 30 min, and the cytoplasmic estradiol receptors remained low for
      a period of 4 h. At 6 h, replenishment has occurred and control levels of
      cytoplasmic receptors were restored by 12 h. These results suggest that an
      estradiol receptor is present in testicular tissue of the rat, and that binding
      capacity is maximum in the mature testis.

PMID- 182461
TI  - Further characterization of a rat ovarian testosterone receptor with evidence for
      nuclear translocation.
AB  - We have recently described receptor like testosterone (T)-binding protein in the
      cytosol of ovaries from estrogen-primed hypophysectomized immature female rats
      (HIFR). This binding protein is thermolabile, saturable, specific for T, and
      sediments at 7-8 S on sucrose gradients. We now report the further
      characterization of this protein. It is present in the cytosol of isolated
      granulosa cells, has a molecular weight of 240,000, a frictional ratio of 1.8,
      and a mean Stokes radius of 73 A. The binding protein is acidic and cysteine
      residues are necessary for binding. We have also demonstrated the selective
      nuclear accumulation of T by granulosa cells after the in vivo administration of
      (3H)T to estrogen primed HIFR. After the in vitro incubation of the ovaries with
      (3H)T, a thermolabile protein specific for T was extracted from nuclei under high
      salt conditions. The cytosol and nuclear T-binding proteins described in this
      report have many characteristics of an androgen receptor, and may play a role in
      the regulation of granulosa cell proliferation during preantral follicular
      growth.

PMID- 182463
TI  - 16Beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone: the dichotomy between renal receptor
      binding and urinary electrolyte activity.
AB  - Excessive production of 16beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (16beta-OH-DHEA) has
      been suggested as a cause of low-renin essential hypertension. The
      mineralocorticoid effect of 16beta-OH-DHEA was reported to be one-fortieth that
      of aldostereone in the rat bioassay. Using kidney slices from adrenalectomized
      rats, the affinity of 16beta-OH-DHEA and a series of related compounds for
      mineralocorticoid receptors has been determined. In studies done at both 4 C and
      37 C, the affinity of 16beta-OHDHEA for mineralocorticoid receptors was found to
      be less than 0.1% that of aldosterone (P less than 0.01). Various related
      steroids and/or potential metabolites similarly showed negligible affinity for
      the aldosterone receptor. In addition, In addition, 16beta-OHDHEA showed no
      significant affinity for renal dexamethasone-binding sites (Type II
      glucocorticoid receptors), corticosterone-binding sites (Type III glucocorticoid
      receptors), dihydrotestosterone binding sites, or estradiol binding sites. In in
      vivo competition experiments, the concurrent administration of 50 mug
      deoxycorticosterone reduced (3H)aldosterone binding to 20-30% of control levels;
      50 mug 16beta-OH-DHEA did not compete for (3H)aldosterone binding sites. In in
      vivo bioassay electrolyte excretion was found-in contrast to that of aldosterone
      to be variable. Within a given group, certain rats reproducibly responded to
      16beta-OH-DHEA by sodium retention and kaliuresis; in others no response was
      observed. In vitro binding studies comparing "responders" with "non-responders"
      demonstrated that in neither group did 16beta-OH-DHEA have significant affinity
      for renal mineralocorticoid receptors. Accordingly, the mechanism whereby 16beta
      OHDHEA produces changes in urinary electrolyte excretion appears independent of
      classical mineralocorticoid effector mechanisms. The conditions under which this
      effect is seen await eludication.

PMID- 182462
TI  - Hormonal stimulation of alpha-amylase synthesis in porcine pancreatic minces.
AB  - Minces of porcine pancreas maintained a linear rate or protein synthesis for more
      than 4 h with similar kinetics in the presence of absence of hormones. alpha
      Amylase protein, quantitated by using glycogen percipitation, SDS polyacrylamide
      gel analysis, and radioimmunoassay, was found to represent 6-7% of the total
      protein content of the minces. The addition of prostaglandin E1 (10-7M), or a
      pancreozymin preparation (3-10 Crick-Harper-Raper units/ml) to the incubation
      media produced within 60 min an increase in alpha-amylase protein above that
      stored in the tissue 10- to 20-fold greater than that observed in control minces.
      The addiction of cAMP analogs (10(-3)M) to the medium produced a more variable
      stimulation of alpha-amylase content. Quantitation of the incorporation of
      radiolabeled amino acid into alpha-amylase protein with simultaneous
      determination of the specific activity of the precursor pool suggested that these
      agents produced at least 3- to 5-fold stimulation of de novo alpha-amylase
      synthesis. This stimulation was not the result of decreased rates of alpha
      amylase catabolism. The addition of actinomycin D (20 mug/ml), a concentration
      inhibiting more than 93% of new RNA synthesis, failed to alter the stimulation of
      alpha-amylase synthesis by these agents. Apparent hormonal stimulation of non
      alpha-amylase protein synthesis was also observed.

PMID- 182464
TI  - Gastrin in the perinatal rat pancreas and gastric antrum: immunofluorescence
      localization of pancreatic gastrin cells and gastrin secretion in monolayer cell
      cultures.
AB  - The presence and development of immunoreactive gastrin (IRGa) in the fetal and
      neonatal pancreas and pyloric antrum of the rat were studied. IRGa appeared in
      both organs at least as early as the 16th day of fetal life. Antral IRGa
      increased rapidly and continuously in the neonatal period, while pancreatic IRGa
      concentration increased and was maintained at a relatively constant level from
      days 5 to 35. Monolayer cell cultures of the neonatal rat pancreas were used to
      evaluate the role of cyclic AMP mediated release of gastrin. The addition of
      N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP (4 mM) or theophylline (4 mM) to the culture medium
      induced significant release of gastrin. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase with
      cholera toxin (10 ng/ml) also resulted in significant gastrin release. Long-term
      cultures (18-24 days) were shown to release gastrin continuously at a relatively
      constant rate. The cellular localization of pancreatic gastrin in 7-day-old
      cultures was performed by immunological techniques, using fluorescein-labeled
      antibodies to gastrin. The gastrin-containing cells were located at the periphery
      of most of the endocrine cell clusters. Immunofluorescence techniques for insulin
      and glucagon also showed that the alpha cells had a similar peripheral
      distribution, although they were more frequent in number. In contrast, insulin
      containing cells were numerous and were present in all areas of the endocrine
      cell clusters. The studies support the following conclusions: a) Gastrin is
      present in the rat pancreas, even as early as late fetal life; b) Gastrin
      producing cells are present and functionally competent in monolayer cell cultures
      of the neonatal rat pancreas for prolonged periods of time (24 days); c) Gastrin
      is released from these cells when intracellular levels of cyclic AMP are
      increased; d) By immunofluorescence methods, the gastrin-producing cells in
      pancreatic cell cultures are found to be located at the periphery of the
      endocrine cell clusters.

PMID- 182465
TI  - A high-affinity estrogen-binding protein in rat placental trophoblast.
AB  - A high-affinity, low-capacity estradiol-binding molecule (RE) has been
      demonstrated in the basal zone trophoblast (BZT) of the pregnant rat. On day 11
      of pregnancy (day 0 = first sperm-positive day) RE is present in BZT cytosol,
      where it has a ka of 1.2 X 10(6)M-1 sec-1, t1/2 = 12.7 min, at 20 C. The Kd,
      under similar conditions, consists of 2 components, 1.3 X 10(-4) sec-1, t1/2 = 90
      min, and 5.9 X 10(-5) sec-1, t1/2 = 196 min. When one uses the faster component,
      the equilibrium constant, Kd, obtained from kd/ka is 1.1 X 10(-10)M, in close
      agreement with that obtained from Scatchard analysis of specific estradiol (E2)
      binding at 20 C. On day 11 there were approximately 12,000 sites/cell in BZT
      cytosol. Scatchard analysis of nuclear RE on day 11 indicated a Kd of 1.85 X 10(
      10)M and approximately 21,000 sites/nucleus, but, in day 15 BZT, nuclear RE was
      undetectable. Neither cytosol nor nuclei prepared from placental labyrinthine
      zone (LZT) tissue (fetal placenta) showed evidence of high-affinity, low-capacity
      E2 binding. Sucrose density gradient analysis on 5-20% linear gradients showed
      the cytosol RE to be approximately 4S whether in high or low-salt conditions.
      When measured against binding by 3H-labeled estradiol (*E2), the cytosol BTZ RE
      was competed for strongly (80-90%) by estrone, estriol, diethylstilbestrol, and
      estradiol-17alpha at 200 times excess. Nafoxidine-HCl, also at 200X excess,
      competed to approximately 50%. Corticosterone, progesterone, testosterone,
      dehydroepiandrosterone, and pregnenolone did not compete. The hormone specificity
      of nuclear BZT RE was similar to that of the comparable cytosol RE with the
      exception that nafoxidine did not compete. This was probably due to differences
      in kinetics, nafoxidine requiring a longer time to reach equilibrium than the
      other estrogens. The size of the nuclear RE by sucrose density gradient analysis
      was approximately 2S by KCl extraction (which was inefficient) or 4S by trypsin
      extraction. We conclude that the BZT of the day-11 rat placenta contains an
      estrogen-binding molecule with many of the attributes of a true receptor.

PMID- 182466
TI  - Induction of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors in rat ovaries by
      estrogen priming.
AB  - Estrogen pretreatment of hypophysectomized immature rats stimulated granulosa
      cell proliferation and enhanced FSH binding to the ovary in vivo. The present
      studies were undertaken to ascertain whether estrogen pretreatment altered the
      number of specific FSH receptor sites per ovarian cell, resulting in increased
      FSH binding. Cell suspensions were prepared from the ovaries of groups of rats
      pretreated with graded doses of 17beta-estradiol. The isolated cells contained
      specific FSH receptors with high affinity for FSH. The results of these studies
      clearly showed that the number of specific FSH receptors per ovarian cell was
      unaffected by pretreatment with graded doses of 17beta-estradiol or with
      diethylstilbestrol. The enhanced in vivo FSH binding was solely the result of
      estrogen-induced proliferation of granulosa cells with a fixed number of specific
      FSH receptors per cell.

PMID- 182467
TI  - Lactogenic and growth hormone-like activities in pregnancy determined by
      radioreceptor assays.
AB  - Factors with growth hormone and lactogenic activities have been identified in
      serum samples and placental extracts of 9 species using a radioreceptor assay for
      prolactin or lactogens (RRA-PRL) and one for growth hormone-like activity (RRA
      GH). The concentrations of placental lactogen (PL) and growth hormone-like
      activity (GHLA) in pregnancy were different in each species. The levels of PL
      began to rise at or before mid-pregnancy and either remained elevated until term
      (hamster, goat, sheep, monkey, and human), declined gradually after reaching peak
      concentrations just beyond mid-pregnancy (guinea pig), or had 2 peaks of activity
      (mouse, rat). The peak concentrations in different species ranged from 350 ng/ml
      in the cow to 45,000 ng/ml in monkey serum samples. The concentrations of GHLA
      were similar to PL levels in the guinea pig, goat, cow, and monkey but were lower
      than PL levels in the sheep and human. The maximal concentrations of PL and GHLA
      in placental extracts varied from 1 mug/g in guinea pigs to 200 mug/g in sheep.
      The ratio of lactogenic/growth hormone-like activity of both serum and placental
      extracts varied greatly among the various species. Gel filtration studies of
      serum samples  revealed that PL and GHLA in the hamster, mouse and rat had
      different elution volumes, whereas, in the remaining species, the two activities
      co-eluted.

PMID- 182469
TI  - Concerning the hormonal regulation of androgen binding protein in rat testis.
AB  - Androgen binding protein (ABP) was measured in testis following an acute
      injection of FSH to ascertain whether this protein could serve as an endpoint
      marker of FSH action in the Sertoli cell. A single intravenous injection of oFSH
      (200 mug NIH-S-10) resulted in a rapid stimulation of ABP activity in testis of
      either 10- or 14-day old rats. Maximal increases were noted by 2 h in both cases
      (undetectable to 0.9, and 0.3 to 1.5 pmol ABP/mg protein in 10- and 14-day old
      rats, respectively) and by 4h ABP activity had again returned to control values.
      Although FSH failed to acutely stimulate ABP in 60-day-old rats, hypophysectomy
      of these animals resulted in a return of sensitivity within 3 days. The acute
      stimulation of ABP by FSH was also shown to be dependent upon both the route of
      hormone administration and the dose of FSH. Finally, the rapid decrease in ABP
      activity following FSH could be prevented by injection of a second dose of
      hormone. ABP activity was also increased by intratesticular injection of an
      analog of cyclic AMP, 8-bromo cAMP. This response was also dose-dependent and the
      time course of response was indistinguishable from that resulting following FSH.
      A test of nucleotide specificity revealed that any adenine nucleotide would
      stimulate ABP, whereas guanine compounds were ineffective. Peptide hormone
      specificity was next examined. It was determined that 200 mug of a variety of
      crude pituitary hormone preparations (LH, GH, PRL and ACTH) were stimulatory.
      However, when highly purified hormones were utilized, hFSH (LER-1577) did not
      increase testicular ABP whereas 1 mug of oLH (Papkoff) was maximally stimulatory.
      Further studies revealed that all compounds (including peptide hormones and
      nucleotides) which resulted in acute elevation of ABP activity also increased the
      intratesticular concentration of testosterone. Moreover, a single ip injection of
      testosterone produced a steroid specific stimulation of ABP which reached maximal
      levels within 1 h. These findings suggest that the acute regulation of ABP
      activity in the testis may be a result of the intratesticular concentration of
      testosterone and not due to a direct effect of FSH as had been previously
      hypothesized.

PMID- 182468
TI  - Effects of vitamin D and its metabolites on calcium transport in the diabetic
      rat.
AB  - We studied diabetic rats, 5 days after streptozotocin injection, and matched
      controls to determine whether depressed duodenal calcium absorption associated
      with uncontrolled diabetes in the rat would respond to vitamin D or its
      metabolites. At the appropriate time following the intravenous injection of 0.25
      mug of either vitamin D3, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3), 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-OH)2D3), or 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha
      OHD3) to half of each diabetic and control group, calcium transport was evaluated
      using everted duodenal sacs with 0.4 mM40Ca and tracer 45Ca on both mucosal and
      serosal surfaces. All agents stimulated duodenal calcium absorption in controls.
      Diabetics responded only to 1,25-(OH)2D3, the metabolite that acts directly on
      the duodenum, and to its synthetic analog, 1alpha-OHD3. 1alpha-OHD3 is activated
      to 1,25-(OH)2D3 by 25-hydroxylation in the liver; 25-OHD3 must be 1alpha
      hydroxylated in the kidney to be active. The stimulation of duodenal calcium
      absorption in diabetic rats by 1alpha-OHD3, but not by either vitamin D3 or 25
      OHD3, is most consistent with a defect in vitamin D metabolism at the 1alpha
      hydroxylation step in the kidney.

PMID- 182470
TI  - Reductions in glucocorticoid inhibition of glucose oxidation and presumptive
      glucocorticoid receptor content in rat adipocytes during aging.
AB  - Exposure of adipocytes to glucocorticoid hormones in vitro causes inhibition of
      glucose transport and metabolsim. Maximal inhibition of glucose oxidations is
      reduced from 42-50 to 22-25 to 5-8% in young, mature, and senescent rat
      adipocytes, respectively. Percent values also reflect absolute reductions since
      basal levels of glucose oxidation per cell are constant at all ages. Adipocytes
      of CD strain rats continue to increase in size throughout their lifespan, while
      cell size remains constant during the latter 80% of the Wistar adipocyte
      lifespan. Thus, cellular age, as well as possibly size, seems to be associated
      with these changes since they occur in adipocytes of both strains. Concentrations
      as well as absolute numbers of presumptive glucocorticoid receptors per cell are
      progressively reduced during maturation and aging of adipocytes in both rat
      strains. Glucocorticoid effects are known to require about 2 h and can be blocked
      by various antimetabolites during this period, reminiscent of classical steroid
      receptor-mediated responses. Thus, gradual loss of glucocorticoid receptors from
      adipocytes during maturation and aging may be related to progressively decreased
      glucocorticoid responsiveness.

PMID- 182471
TI  - Distribution binding sites for the progesterone receptor within chick oviduct
      chromatin.
AB  - Chromatin from the oviducts of estrogen-treated chicks was sheared and
      fractionated on sucrose gradients. This resulted in the production of several
      chromatin fractions which differ in their sedimentation properties, protein
      composition, the number of acceptor sites for the progesterone-receptor complex,
      and the ability to serve as a template for RNA synthesis. The pellet chromatin
      fraction shows an enhanced ability to bind the progesterone-receptor complex in
      vitro and in cell-free systems. Kinetic analysis indicates that the majority of
      the acceptor sites for the progesterone-receptor complex are located in the
      pellet chromatin fraction which is lowest in template activity. The sites may be
      important loci for initiating the changes in RNA synthesis following the exposure
      of target cells to steroid hormones.

PMID- 182472
TI  - Adenosine-mediated stimulation of bone cell adenylate cyclase activity.
AB  - Adenosine rapidly stimulated adenylate cyclase activity but did not modify cyclic
      AMP degradation when added to a particulate fraction prepared from isolated bone
      cells. The effect of adenosine was one-half maximal at 5-10 micronM, and was not
      mimicked by 5' AMP, inosine, guanosine, uridine, adenine, or ribose. Basal and
      adenosine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activites were directly proportional to
      the concentration of particulate protein in the assay system. Theophylline
      decreased the degree to which adenosine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity,
      whereas another phosphodiesterase inhibitor, RO-20-1724, failed to iiinfluence
      the effect of adenosine. Adenosine itself, and not a metabolite of adenosine is
      the stimulator of adenylate cyclase, since it was neither phosphorylated nor
      deaminated appreciably by the particulate fraction. The particulate fraction did
      not convert substrate ATP to adenosine in amounts sufficient to enhance adenylate
      cyclase. The stimulatory effect of adenosine was maximal at 1.2 mM Mg2+, declined
      with increases in the Mg2+ concentration, and was replaced by inhibition at 20 mM
      Mg2+. At 2.4 mM Mg2+, basal adenylate cyclase activity peaked at 1.1 mM ATP, and
      was inhibited by higher ATP concentrations. The magnitude of adenosine
      stimulation was greater at inhibitory concentrations of ATP than at
      concentrations which yielded maximum activity. The results suggest that the
      previously demonstrated ability of adenosine to increase cyclic 3'5' AMP levels
      in intact bone cells stems from its effect on adenylate cyclase. Adenosine may
      act by modifying the regulatory nfluence of free Mg2+, uncomplexed ATP, (or
      both), on adenylate cyclase. Theophylline appears to interfere with the action of
      adenosine by a mechanism which is distinct from its capacity to inhibit cyclic
      AMP phosphodiesterase activity. (Endocrinology 99:901,1976)

PMID- 182473
TI  - Effect of glucose on adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate levels in rat pancreatic
      islets.
AB  - Time course of the changes in insulin release and cyclic AMP levels in isolated
      rat islets incubated in media containing 5 or 16.7 mM of glucose were followed.
      The higher glucose concentration caused a slight but significant increase of
      cyclic AMP levels after 10 min incubation, but not 5 min incubation, whereas the
      stimulation of insulin release by 16.7 mM of glucose was apparent in both
      incubation times. Theophylline increased cyclic AMP levels markedly but did not
      stimulate insulin release when the glucose concentration was 5 mM. A slight
      augmentation by theophylline of insulin release was observed in the incubation
      medium containing 16.7 mM glucose. All these findings suggest that the elevation
      of cyclic AMP in islets may not play a role for the initiation of the insulin
      release induced by glucose, though it may act to modulate the glucose effect.

PMID- 182474
TI  - Direct evidence on incorporation of the receptor into the nuclei of rat ventral
      prostate in the form of the complex with dihydrotestosterone.
AB  - Cytosol 9S receptor was prepared from the supernatant fluid at 105,000 X g of rat
      prostate homogenates by a Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography, and was labeled with
      131I. The 131I-labeled 9S receptor retained the activity of forming a complex
      with 3H-dihydrotestosterone, similarly to the intact cytosol receptor, when
      examined by a sucrose density gradient centrifugation. When the 131I-labeled
      cytosol 9S receptor was incubated with isolated prostatic nuclei in the presence
      of 3H-dihydrotestosterone, it was found that the 131I-labeled receptor was
      directly incorporated into the nuclei in a form of the complex bound to 3H
      dihydrotestosterone. 131I-Labeled receptor-3H-dihydrotestosterone complex which
      was incorporated into the nuclei was extracted with 0.5 M KCl solution, and the
      nuclear complex sedimented with a velocity of 5S. The incorporation of 131I
      labeled receptor-3H-dihydrotestosterone complex into the nuclei increased along
      with the raised temperature of incubation, whereas association of the complex
      with the chromatin reached maximum at 35 degrees C and then decreased gradually
      beyond this temperature. In the time course study, either the incorporation of
      the complex into the nuclei or the association with the chromatin reached the
      maximal levels within 10 min and leveled off up to 60 min. On the other hand,
      131I-labeled serum protein was far less efficiently incorporated into the nuclei
      than the radioiodinated 9S receptor, and association of the serum protein with
      the chromatin was limited to a very little extent. The 131I-labeled 9S receptor
      dihydrotestosterone complex associated with the chromatin was found to be
      preferably distributed into the non-histone protein as well as the DNA itself of
      the chromatin. The radioactivity lost by dehistonization of the chromatin was
      almost negligible. Furthermore, the cytosol 9S receptor fraction bound to 3H
      dihydrotestosterone was purified about 100 fold by the two consecutive column
      chromatographies. The partially purified receptor fraction which was labeled with
      radioiodine incorporated mostly into non-histone protein and DNA fractions.

PMID- 182475
TI  - Cushing's syndrome due to huge adrenocortical multinodular hyperplasia.
AB  - A case of Cushing's syndrome due to huge adrenocortial multinodular hyperplasia
      who was shown to be hyperresponsive to ACTH administration, unresponsive to
      metyrapone administration and resistant to dexamethasone high dose suppression
      was reported. After two years' duration of his symptoms, the multinodular
      adrenals weighing 161 g in total were removed by bilateral adrenalectomy which
      abolished his symptoms. Postoperatively, plasma ACTH rose gradually to above
      normal levels, suggesting the presence of primary disorder in the hypothalamus
      pituitary axis.

PMID- 182476
TI  - Some biological properties of human chorionic follicle stimulating hormone.
AB  - The biological properties of human chorionic FSH (hCFSH) for rat ovaries were
      investigated. Highly purified hCFSH had similar response to the ovarian
      augmentation test as bovine FSH and significantly enhanced 3H-thymidine uptake by
      granulosa cells and theca cells in the ovary of hypophysectomized rat. In
      contrast, highly purified hCG little responded to the ovarian augmentation test
      and had no effect on 3H-thymidine uptake by the ovary. These results indicate
      that hCFSH may promote the follicular growth of ovary resulting from granulosa
      cell proliferation and its enlargement. In addition, freshly harvested porcine
      granulosa cells were employed in an in vitro system to investigate specific
      binding of hCFSH to ovarian receptor. Radioiodinated hCFSH (125I-hCFSH) and hCG
      (125I-hCG) were respectively incubated with cell suspensions. Binding of these
      hormone preparations was proportional to the cell number and increased with the
      time of incubation through 120 minutes. The binding ability of 125I-hCFSH to the
      cells was greater than that of 125I-hCG. Increasing concentrations of unlabeled
      hCFSH in the incubation mixture progressively inhibited the uptake of 125I-hCFSH
      by granulosa cells. Unlabeled hCG was not able to compete with 125I-HCFSH
      binding. The similar phenomenon to inhibit the binding of 125I-hCG to the cells
      was also recognized in the presence of unlabeled hCG. These findings suggest that
      granulosa cell has at least two different types of receptor sites: one for hCFSH
      and the other for hCG.

PMID- 182477
TI  - Changes in cyclic AMP level of rat thyroid by acute and chronic stimulation of
      thyrotropin in vivo.
AB  - To assess a possible postmortem change in the level of cyclic AMP, the thyroids
      were snap-frozen at various time intervals after removal. Rats were fed a low
      iodine diet (LID) with PTU for 2 weeks and a week after PTU discontinuation (PTU
      withdrawal). In all cases, the cyclic AMP level tended to increase as time
      elapsed from removing till fixing the thyroids, but in the PTU withdrawal group,
      the level was rapidly increased 2-fold after 5 min. In an acute experiment, the
      thyroids were removed under anesthesia and frozen rapidly. Intravenous
      administration of ovine thyrotropin (250 mU) and TRH (500 ng) brought about a
      rapid increase in the thyroidal level of cyclic AMP to 40% to 20% over the
      control level. Two weeks after PTU treatment, circulating thyrotropin was
      increased to a maximum of 19-fold and a further enhancement ("rebound") was
      observed after PTU withdrawal. PTU treatment led to an increase in the thyroidal
      level of cyclis AMP pre mug DNA to 60% over the control value. Following PTU
      withdrawal, the rise in the level of cyclic AMP returned to the normal level.
      However, there was no change in the concentration when it was expressed as per mg
      wet tissue weight. Therefore, the increase in the thyroidal concentration of
      cyclic AMP per mug of DNA may be due to an increase in volume of the follicular
      cells.

PMID- 182478
TI  - Biological activity of synthetic corticotrophin with short chain lengths in the
      rabbit.
AB  - The andrenocorticotrophic effect of a synthetic substituted adrenocorticortophic
      hormone (ACTH), alpha-1-18NH2-D-Ser1-Lys17, 18-ACTH (CIBA 47, 795-Ba) has been
      compared with that of alpha1-24-ACTH (tetracosactide), alpha1-24-ACTH depot
      (tetracosactide depot) and alpha1-18NH2-Gly1-ACTH (giractide) in the rabbit.
      Plasma corticosteroid levels after salin injection were higher in the afternoon
      than in the morning. The highest value was observed at 3 p.m. 41,795-Ba, either
      given intravenously or intramuscularly, was shown to be the most potent peptide
      followed by tetrocosactide depot and was 15 times more potent than tetracosactide
      and giractide in steroidogenic activity in the rabbit. The intravenous
      administration of 41,795-Ba caused more sustained stimulation of the adrenal
      cortex than the intramuscular injection. These results reveal the diurnal
      variation pattern of the pitutitary-adrenal axis of the rabbit similar to that of
      the rat and also confirm the finding that alpha1-18NH2-Dser1-Lys17, 18-ACTH is a
      potent adrenocorticotrophic peptide without the addition of any agent to delay
      its absorption in the rabbit.

PMID- 182479
TI  - [The fine structure of the rat pineal and the influence of anti-androgens and
      castroation].
AB  - The pineal body, along with the hypothalamus-hypophysis system, is in the centre
      of sexual hormone regulation and, in addition to other functions, develops an
      antigonadotropic action through its organ specific hormone (melatonin). In order
      to clarify further open questions and to analyse more closely the morphology of
      the fine structure of the organ, light and electron microscopic studies were made
      of the pineal bodies of sexually mature male rats after hormonal castration by
      the administration of cyproterone and cyproterone acetate. The findings were
      compared with results obtained in the pineal bodies of surgically castrated
      animals of the same strain. Epiphysectomy was performed 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks
      after castration or application of antiandrogen. In the pineal bodies, "light"
      and "dark" pineal cells and an interstitial cell form could be detected
      electronmicroscopically. The interstitial cells are found localised near the
      vessels in particular; their ramifications reach into the perivascular cleft. The
      light pineal cells preponderate and react essentially in the series; they are
      therefore considered as the really active form of parenchyma cells. Increased
      cell activity is already observed three weeks after treatment with antiandrogen:
      the nucleoli are enlarged, the ribosomes, the mitochondria and ergastoplasm are
      increased, the endoplasmic reticulum quantified and extended, and also the Golgi
      regions. The cells are consequently enlarged. Lysosomes also appear which
      frequently enter the liposomes. The changes in the liposomes after application of
      antiandrogen are remarkable. Initially they are evacuated, partially drawn out.
      Later the liposomes are enlarged and increased and often fill the cell body.
      These pineocytes form an appendage to the castration cells of the hypophysis. The
      liposomes are in a very close spatial, formal genetic relationship to the Golgi
      apparatus and to the rough walled reticulum. The larger liposomes apparently
      arise also through the confluence of smaller ones. Three structural elements of
      the liposomes could be indentifed: a homogenous, a lamellar and a granular
      component. The fine morphological reactions are most marked after cyproterone
      acetate. For the first time, bundles of "microtubuli" are described, the
      significance of which is not yet clear. They probably arise from the endoplasmic
      reticulum, they are only found after cyproterone acetate and are presumably due
      to the gestagen component of the cyproterone acetate. These structures have not
      previously been observed, either in pineal bodies or in other organs. The
      structures found after antiandrogen are not so outstandingly recognisable after
      surgical castration. The biological differences of the surgical compared with
      hormonal castration therefore seem to be reflected in the cell picture of the
      pineocytes. Consequently, the pineal body, after treatment with antiandrogen,
      shows cytostructural changes similar to those of increased anabolism...

PMID- 182480
TI  - [The cortisol concentration in plasma of newborn piglets and after ACTH loading].
AB  - In plasma of newborn piglets 12.6 +/- 2.9 mug cortisol/100 ml was estimated
      radioimmunologically. During the first 24 hours of life the concentration
      decreases to 1/3 of the starting level. After application of 5 IU ACTH/kg body
      weight, there was in newborn as in 5-day-old piglets an increase in the
      concentration of cortisol, while an influence on the level of glucose in plasma
      could not be detected in 0-day-old animals.

PMID- 182481
TI  - [Histochemical studies of the 3rd ventricle tanocytes in the region of the
      nucleus arcuatus in rat hypothalamus].

PMID- 182482
TI  - Functional and histological characteristics of primary and of transplantable
      ovarian tumors in rats.

PMID- 182483
TI  - Pathological changes in the kidney after methyl cadmium intoxication.

PMID- 182484
TI  - Prevention of dietary induction of rat liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by
      cyclic adenosine 3'.5'-monophosphate and its elimination by glucose prefeeding.
AB  - Glucagon, epinephrine and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      prevented the induction of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) by
      refeeding a glucose-casein mixture to starved rats. The prevention by these
      agents occurred without any change in the amount of diet consumed. When the
      injection of cyclic AMP and the refeeding of glucose-casein diet were initiated
      simultaneously, there was an inhibiton of G6PD induction depending upon the dose
      and frequency of cyclic AMP administration during the period of refeeding, while
      when cyclic AMP was given later than 12 h of the refeeding, the lag period for
      induction of this enzyme, there was no preventive effect. A glucose prefeeding
      was also found to counteract the inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP on G6PD
      induction by the subsequent glucose-casein refeeding. The present data together
      with the elimination of actinomycin D effect by the glucose prefeeding suggest
      that the inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP on the induction of G6PD dehydrogenase
      is exerted at the level of transcription.

PMID- 182485
TI  - An approach to the anabolic action of androgens by an experimental system.
AB  - As skeletal muscle is more developed in the male than in the female, it is
      supposed that androgens might be responsible for myotrophic or anabolic action.
      In this respect, many studies were made to try to answer the question: are
      androgens (or some of their metabolites) responsible for myotrophic action and by
      what mechanism? Do they act directly on skeletal muscle as on other target
      organs, or have they an indirect action on muscle, perhaps through a secondary
      stimulant (for instance synthesized in the liver)? Evidence is now presented
      that, in the rat's skeletal muscle, androgens likely act through the binding to a
      cytosoluble receptor, as they do in the ventral prostate. This receptor has
      analogous properties to all other androgen receptors. It is a proteinaceous
      (pronase sensible) "8S" component binding testosterone and androstanolone with
      high affinity and small capacity; it does not bind androstanediols. This finding
      and the increased incorporation of 3H-thymidine in nuclei and increased protein
      synthesis obtained in muscle cell culture after action of testosterone favour the
      concept that muscular cells are direct targets of androgens in skeletal muscles.
      Presently, the steroid specificity of receptor binding cannot be assessed
      quantitatively with crude cytosol preparation. While in ventral prostate,
      androstanolone has a higher affinity, the binding experiments have not yet
      indicated in muscle if the higher affinity of testosterone is related to
      differential binding of the two steroids, or to the complex effects of enzymes
      present in the extracts. In fact, evidence was obtained for 5alpha-reductase and
      3alpha,beta-hydroxysteroid reductase activities under the same experimental
      conditions as for binding determinations. Therefore, the apparent antrostanolone
      binding in muscle could be lowered by transformation into androstanediols not
      binding to receptor, or the increase of apparent testosterone binding due to
      transformation into androstanolone. So the problem of whether testosterone or
      androstanolone or another natural steroid is the most effective myotrophic
      hormone in rat skeletal muscle remains unsolved. However, this animal model
      allows the study of certain interesting aspects of action of androgens on muscle.
      When receptor preparations are partially purified and not contaminated by
      metabolizing enzymes, different natural or synthetic steroids can be tested as to
      their affinity and anabolic effectiveness in muscle. It would be of
      pharmacological interest if receptor diversity made it possible to distinguish
      myotrophic action from virilizing activities. This in vitro system allows
      studying the mechanism of action of molecules which could have in vivo an anti
      androgen effect and it is remarkable that radioactive testosterone and
      androstanolone can compete for receptor binding by an excess of estradiol,
      progesterone and cyproterone acetate...

PMID- 182486
TI  - Encephalitis caused by louping ill virus in a group of horses in Ireland.
AB  - An outbreak of LI infection in a group of free range horses is described. Three
      of 4 horses displayed signs of CNS disturbance and 2 of these died after
      illnesses ranging from 2-12 days duration. In both cases a variable degree of
      viral polioencephalomyelitis was observed. A virus antigenically
      indistinguishable from a reference strain of LI virus was isolated from the brain
      and cervical cord of a 3 y.o. draft mare. Serum samples obtained from 3 of the
      horses contained HI, CF, precipitating and neutralising antibodies to LI virus,
      with a rise in antibody titre being demonstrated in 2 animals.

PMID- 182487
TI  - Efficacy of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in horses.
AB  - The efficacy of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in horses has been described from
      the effect of mass vaccination on the local prevalence of the disease in horses
      in each district of Hokkaido, Japan.

PMID- 182488
TI  - Binding of a metyrapone spin label to microsomal cytochrome P-450.
AB  - Probing of the active site of microsomal cytochrome P-450 was carried out with a
      spin label derived from 2-methyl-1,2-bis(3-pyridyl)-1-propanone (metyrapone). Its
      optical binding spectra to cytochrome P-450 resemble the spectra with metyrapone.
      The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the spin label in microsomes
      indicates binding with strong immobilization. Since the apparent optical and EPR
      binding constants agree very well (Ks approximately 2-10(-5) M), and metyrapone
      is found to displace the spin label, we conclude, that the spin label binds to
      the active site of cytochrome P-450. Addition of detergents or an increase in
      temperature mobilizes the bound spin label slightly. The EPR signal accounts for
      only 60% of the bound spin label due to its dipolar interaction with the low-spin
      ferric heme of cytochrome P-450. From this finding, the distance between
      nitroxide and iron is evaluated to be 11 A. This supports the model that one of
      the pyridine nitrogens of metyrapone is coordinated to the iron of cytochrome P
      450. The bound spin label shows virtually no interaction with ferricyanide as if
      the active site of cytochrome P-450 is a hydrophobic pocket not accessible to
      ions.

PMID- 182489
TI  - Solubilization and purification of rat liver microsomal 1,2-diacylglycerol: CDP
      choline cholinephosphotransferase and 1,2-diacylglycerol: CDP-ethanolamine
      ethanolaminephosphotransferase.
AB  - 1. The procedure, which involved 2-step sonication of microsomes at pH 7.4 and
      then at pH 8.5 in the presence of sodium deoxycholate and subsequent dialysis,
      resulted in 4-5-fold purification of choline-phosphotransferase and
      ethanolaminephosphotransferase with the yield of 40-50%. 2.
      Ethanolaminephosphotransferase was further purified 8.5-fold over microsomes by
      sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the partially purified preparation,
      while cholinephosphotransferase activity was considerably lost during this
      procedure. No separation of the two transferases from each other was achieved at
      this step. 3. Cholinephosphotransferase required Mg2+ as cofactor, and microsomal
      phospholipids for its maximal activity. On the other hand, Mn2+ was more
      effective than Mg2+ as cofactor for ethanol aminephosphotransferase, and this
      enzyme was inhibited by microsomal phospholipids. 4. Both transferases were
      stimulated several-fold by sodium deoxycholate and also showed similar optimal pH
      ranging from pH 8.0 to 8.5. 5. Km values for 1,2-diacylglycerol emulsion were
      81.0 muM for cholinephosphotransferase and 63.0 muM for
      ethanolaminephosphotransferase, respectively. CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine
      competitively inhibited, with the same Ki value (both 350 muM),
      ethanolaminephosphotransferase and cholinephosphotransferase, respectively. The
      Ki values obtained were much greater than the corresponding Km values for the
      cytidine substrates (36.4 muM for CDP-choline and 22.0 muM for CDP-ethanolamine).
      6. The partially purified enzymes were further treated with Triton X-100. When
      enzyme activities were assayed with Mg2+, cholinephosphotransferase, although
      considerably inactivated, was partially separated from
      ethanolaminephosphotransferase by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of
      Triton-treated preparations. Furthermore, cholinephosphotransferase (but not
      ethanol-aminephosphotransferase) itself was partially separated into Mg2+ 
      requiring and Mn2+ -requiring components. In contrast,
      ethanolaminephosphotransferase assayed with either Mg2+ or Mn2+ formed a single
      peak together with Mn2+ -requiring cholinephosphotransferase.

PMID- 182490
TI  - Cell-cycle dependence of two nuclear histone kinase enzyme activities.
AB  - Growth-associated histone kinases have been extracted from Physarum polycephalum
      nuclei and resolved into two components by ion-exchange chromatography. The two
      component activities have different substrate specificities and different times
      of appearance in the cell cycle. It is proposed that the enzyme(s) phosphorylate
      H1 histone in vivo in G2 phase, possibly sequentially in time at different sites
      in the H1 amino acid sequence.

PMID- 182491
TI  - Studies on the structure and function of chick-oviduct chromatin. 2. Biochemical
      characterization of two chromatin fractions isolated by ECTHAM-cellulose
      chromatography.
AB  - Chromatin prepared at various stages of hormone-mediated development of the chick
      oviduct was investigated for the relative proportions of transcriptionally active
      (fraction I) and repressed (fraction II) fractions by ECTHAM-cellulose
      chromatography. During primary stimulation with estrogen, the amount of chromatin
      DNA in fraction I plotted as a function of time of stimulation showed a bell
      shaped profile, similar to the profile obtained earlier for the number of
      chromatin sites available to RNA polymerase for initiation of RNA synthesis.
      Chromatin form a transcriptionally inactive system, hen erythrocytes, eluted
      mainly (98%) as fraction II. The transcriptionally active fraction I of estrogen
      stimulated oviduct contained a 4-fold greater RNA polymerase II activity than was
      found in fraction II. This could be explained by a differential inhibition of RNA
      polymerase activity in fraction II since enzyme preparations extracted and
      purified from both chromatin fractions showed equal activities. In support of
      this finding, fraction I eluted from ECTHAM-cellulose showed a 4-fold greater
      concentration of rifampicin-resistant RNA chain initiation sites as compared to
      fraction II. When chromatin from oviduct mince incubated with labeled
      progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol and was chromatographed on ECTHAM-cellulose,
      the transcriptionally active fraction also contained a 4-fold greater
      concentration of bound hormone (per weight DNA) as compared to the repressed
      fraction.

PMID- 182492
TI  - Activity and subcellular distribution of protein kinase dependent on adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate in liver from normal and adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - We have examined whether glucocorticoids control the activity and (or) the
      subcellular distribution of protein kinase dependent on cyclic AMP (adenosine
      3':5'-monophosphate), since they influence cyclic-AMP-dependent responses to
      other hormones. Protein kinase activity was determined in rat liver homogenates
      and subcellular fractions, nuclear, large granular, microsomal and supernatant
      obtained by differential sedimentation in 0.25 M sucrose. 63% of the tissue
      protein kinase activity detected in absence of cyclic AMP reside in the
      particulate fractions. Upon addition of exogenous cyclic AMP, protein kinase
      activity is stimulated 1.8, 1.2, 1.2 and 4.5-fold in nuclear, large granular,
      microsomal and supernatant fractions, respectively. Under these conditions, 66%
      of tissue activity are found in the supernatant fraction. The activity sensitive
      to exogenous cyclic AMP resolves into a major (84%) cytosoluble and a minor (16%)
      nucleomicrosomal component. The latter activity resists elution with isotonic
      saline and is increased in the presence of Triton X-100. Three groups of rats
      were studied: control and adrenalectomized with or without cortisol treatment. In
      whole liver homogenates, both protein kinase activity detected in absence of
      exogenous cyclic AMP and sensitivity of the enzyme to cyclic AMP were comparable
      in all groups. Moreover, the distribution patterns of proteins kinase activity
      amoung the fractions were essentially the same in all groups of animals, whether
      or not particles had been treated with Triton X-100. Finally, in cell-free
      experiments, glucocorticoids alone or in combination with their intracellular
      receptor did not modify protein kinase activity of rat liver. Thus the results
      reported do not support the possibility that glucocorticoids influence cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinase in rat liver. Yet, this study provides data, not
      available before, on subcellular distribution of this enzyme in rat liver.

PMID- 182493
TI  - Multifunctional enzyme, bisphosphoglyceromutase/2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
      phosphatase/phosphoglyceromutase, from human erythrocytes. Evidence for a common
      active site.
AB  - Bisphosphoglyceromutase and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase activities
      responsible for 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate metabolsim in human red cells are
      displayed by the same enzyme protein which has phosphoglyceromutase activity
      [Sasaki, R., et al. (1975) Eur J. Biochem. 50, 581-593]. This enzyme was
      subjected to chemical modification by trinitrobenzenesulfonate. The three enzyme
      activities were inactivated by trinitrobenzenesulfonate at the same rate. The
      sulfhydryl content of the enzyme was unchanged during trinitrophenylation,
      indicating that derivatization was through the amino group. Trinitrophenylation
      of about one amino group per mole of the enzyme resulted in complete loss of the
      three activities. Both 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
      inhibited trinitrophenylation and effectively protected the enzyme from
      inactivation. Although monophosphoglycerates did not show any protective effect
      at concentrations which should be adequate based upon their kinetic constants,
      they were protective at higher concentrations. Inactivation by
      trinitrophenylation was an apparent first-order reaction. The dissociation
      constant of the enzyme - 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate complex was determined by
      analyzing the first-order reaction on the assumption that the protective effect
      of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate was due to competition with trinitrobenzenesulfonate.
      The dissociation constant was in good agreement with kinetic constants of 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate in the enzyme reactions, which indicated that 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate did indeed exert its protective effect through competition
      with trinitrobenzenesulfonate for an amino group of the enzyme. The protective
      effect of monophosphoglycerates could be rationalized with kinetic evidence that
      2-phosphoglycerate at high concentrations interacts with the 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate binding site. These results indicate that the enzyme exhibits
      the three enzyme activities at a common active site at which one amino group
      essential for binding of bisphosphoglycerates is located. Based on the
      multifunctional properties of this enzyme, a possible mechanism was discussed for
      regulation of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate metabolism in human red cells.

PMID- 182494
TI  - Subunit structure and multifunctional properties of yeast phosphoglyceromutase.
AB  - 1. A new and efficient method for preparation of pure phosphoglyceromutase from
      baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is described. Proteolytic alterations of
      the enzyme during extraction can be minimized by grinding the dried yeast with
      aluminium oxide at low temperature. 2. Yeast phosphoglyceromutase contains four
      highly similar, probably idential subunits of molecular weight 28000, a
      conclusion based on the following observations. Polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis containing dodecylsulphate or urea gives a single band,
      indicating that the enzyme is composed of four subunits similar in their
      molecular weight and net charge. Cyanogen bromide cleavage and tryptic digestion
      of the enzyme yield the number of peptides expected for identical subunites from
      the amino acid composition analysis. 3. The purified phosphoglyceromutase
      preparation has bisphosphoglyceromutase activity synthesizing 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate. It has
      been reported that yeast phosphoglyceromutase catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2,3
      bisphosphoglycerate at the same active site which catalyzes the
      phosphoglyceromutase reaction [Sasaki, R. et al (1971) Biochim. Biophys, Acta, 
      227, 584-594, 595-607]. Immunological studies and chemical modification
      experiments indicate that bisphosphoglyceromutase activity also is due to the
      phosphoglyceromutase protein and involves amino groups which have been shown to
      be essential for the other two activities.

PMID- 182495
TI  - Developmental changes in prolyl hydroxylase activity and protein in chick embryo.
AB  - Changes in prolyl hydroxylase activity and immunoreactive protein were studied in
      various chick embryo tissues during the embryonic development. Both the enzyme
      activity and the amoung of immunoreactive protein increased till the 16th day of
      development and declined thereafter in all tissues studied. Comparison of the
      enzyme activity to the content of the total immuno-reactive protein indicated
      that there are distinct differences in the degree of enzyme activity between
      different chick embryo tissues, and in the same tissue between different stages
      of embryonic development. The highest relative enzyme activities were found in
      cartilage and skin, in which about 60% of the enzyme was active on the 16th day
      of development and only 20-30% was active on the 20th day of development; the
      lowest values were observed in spleen and large vessels, in which below 10% of
      the enzyme protein was in the active form on the 20th day of development Gel
      filtration studies demonstrated that in cartilage of 16-day-old chick embryos
      about 60% of the total immunoreactive enzyme in the tissue was present in the
      form of active prolylhydroxylase tetramer, whereas on the 20th day of development
      only 30% of the enzyme protein in cartilage was in the tetramer form. By
      contrast, in large vessels of the 16-day-old chick embryos, essentially all the
      enzyme was in the form of prolyl hydroxylase monomers.

PMID- 182496
TI  - Intermittent cerebral symptoms in type V hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - A case with central nervous symptoms in type V hyperlipoproteinemia was
      described. The 39-year-old male patient suffered from abdominal pains after fatty
      meals since childhood. After the age of 31 he developed attacks of cephaleas.
      Headaches were associated with vertigo, paresis and paresthesia of the limbs and
      loss of consciousness in some instances. During antilipemic treatment combined
      with a diet of restricted fat and carbohydrate content the patient became free of
      complaints. Authors emphasize the impairment of cerebral circulation and tissue
      hypoxia in the development of cerebral disturbances in hyperlipoproteinemia. The
      mechanism of the development of hypoxia is discussed.

PMID- 182497
TI  - Long-term ACTH and corticosteroid therapy in two siblings with polyneuropathy due
      to acute intermittent porphyria.
AB  - The influence of long-term corticosteroid and ACTH therapy in two sisters was
      followed up. The periods of observation were 4 and 2 years. The high levels of
      corticosteroids obviously reversed the fatal progress of the disease. The
      relapses in the elder sister occurred during longer periods of discontinued
      corticosteroid therapy. In the younger the therapy was continuous. There was no
      relapse except for a short one appearing after the tooth extraction and
      discontinuation of the therapy for 10 days. Some correlation between neurological
      signs and symptoms and porphobilinogen androporphyrin levels were found. The
      question arises how it is possible to influence the genetically determined
      disease by corticosteroids or ACTH.

PMID- 182498
TI  - Leucocyte migration in response to P.P.D. in patients with trophoblastic tumours.

PMID- 182499
TI  - Lack of interference in antigen production in vitro between B-type and C-type
      oncornaviruses as determined by double stain immunofluorescence.

PMID- 182500
TI  - Fractionation of ascites tumour cells at 1 g: separation of cells in specific
      stages of the life cycle.

PMID- 182501
TI  - Turnover of plasma cholesteryl esters and its relationship to other parameters of
      lipid metabolism in man.
AB  - Studies on plasma cholesteryl esters were made in 32 normal and hyperlipidaemic
      subjects in an attempt to elucidate further the metabolic relationships between
      cholesterol and other plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Fractional and net turnover
      rates of plasma cholesteryl esters were measured using two independent (in vivo
      and in vitro) methods, both of which determined the prevailing activity of plasma
      lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in the ambiance of the patients own plasma.
      The results obtained by the two methods were in excellent agreement. The turnover
      rates of plasma cholesteryl esters in hypertriglyceridaemic patients were
      significantly greater than in patients with only hypercholesterolaemia and in
      those with normal plasma lipids. In agreement with these observations, the
      esterified to free cholesterol ratios in hypertriglyceridaemic patients were
      significantly greater than in those with normal plasma triglycerides. Patients
      who had only hypercholesterolaemia had normal esterified to free cholesterol
      ratios. The rates of esterification of plasma free cholesterol correlated well
      with triglyceride concentrations as well as with the net turnover of plasma
      triglycerides and also with the turnover or synthesis of endogenous cholesterol.
      Since the turnover of plasma triglycerides in most patients with modest to
      moderate hypertriglyceridaemia reflects the turnover of their plasma very low
      density lipoproteins, it is suggested that it is the turnover of these
      lipoproteins which correlates with the hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and with
      the esterification of plasma cholesteryl esters.

PMID- 182502
TI  - Electron microscopic characterization of lipoproteins from patients with familial
      type III hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - The lipoproteins of very low density, low density and intermediate density were
      isolated by zonal ultracentrifugation from the plasma of subjects with familial
      type III hyperlipoproteinaemia and studied by electron microscopy. Each of these
      lipoproteins exhibited a spherical shape when free-standing. The very low
      density, low density and intermediate density lipoproteins ranged in diameter
      from 31 - 80, 17 - 23, .and 21 - 35 nm, respectively. These results are
      consistent with our previous findings that the intermediate density lipoprotein
      particles characteristic of plasma from type III subjects exhibit properties
      which are intermediate between those of very low density and low density
      lipoproteins.

PMID- 182504
TI  - Effect of a cholinergic stimulant on interaction of isoprenaline with beta
      adrenoceptors.
AB  - The maximum contraction induced in taenia from the guninea pig caecum by a
      cholinergic stimulant, butyltrimethylammonium (BuTMA) was relaxed by papaverine
      (10(-4) M) but not by l-isoprenaline (5 X 10(-7) M). The concentrations used
      relaxed the taenia completely in the absence of BuTMA. BuTMA (10(-4) M) decreased
      the increase of cyclic AMP caused by isoprenaline but not that due to papaverine.
      Futhermore, photoinactivation of the beta-adrenoceptors by l-isoprenaline was not
      observed on the taenia contracted by BuTMA (10(-4) M). These results suggest that
      l-isoprenaline does nto interact with the beta-adrenoceptors in the taenie
      contracted by the high concentration of BuTMA.

PMID- 182503
TI  - The antagonism of nicotine-induced cardiovascular responses by DMAE and DEO
      analogs.
AB  - A series of quaternary ammonium compounds cinsisting of 4, 4'-bis-[N-(2, 2
      diethoxyethyl)-N, N-dimethylammonioacetyl]-biphenyl dibromide (DMAE) and 4, 4'
      bis-[N, N-di(2-ethoxyethyl)-N-methylammonioacetyl]-biphenyl dibromide (DEO)
      analogs was investigated for selective nicotine antagonism. Each series of
      compounds contained the monophenyl (MPh.DMAE, MPh.DEO); biphenyl (DMAE, DEO);
      terphenyl (TPh,DMAE, TPh.DEO); half-molecule (1/2DMAE, 1/2DEO); p-phenyl half
      molecule (p-Ph.-1/2DMAE, p-Ph.-1/2DEO) and biphenyl half-molecule (p-BPh.
      1/2DMAE, p-BPh.-1/2DEO) analogs. Studies were conducted on isolated spontaneously
      beating guinea pig atria and anesthetized dogs. Relative potencies of the DMAE
      and DEO series to antagonize the nicotine (20 mug/ml) induced positive
      chronotropic effect of the guinea pig atria were determined as follows: DMAE
      (1.0); TPh.DMAE (0.82); P-Ph.1/2DMAE (0.59); DEO (0.54); MPh.DMAE (0.27); TPh.DEO
      (0.26); MPh.DEO (0.18); p-Ph.-1/2DEO (0.16); 1/2DMAE (0.03); 1/2DEO (0.02); p
      BPh.-1/2DMAE (less than 0.01); p-BPh.-1/2DEO (less than 0.01) and C-6 (0.85). The
      I50 to antagonize nicotine induced responses by DMAE was 0.13 muM (0.10 mu/ml).
      Several of the above analogs were studied in the dog and their ability to
      antagonize nicotine (100 mug/kg) induced positive chronotropic effects were
      compared with their ability to inhibit transmission through the stellate or the
      superior cervical ganglia. The I50 doses of the drugs antagonizing nicotine,
      impairing superior cervical ganglionic transmission and the corresponding fold
      shifts in the dose--response curves follow: DMAE (120 mug/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, 25);
      TPh.DMAE (40 mug/kg, 1.10 mg/kg, 30), DEO (45 mug/kg, 1.30 mg/kg, 25) and C-6
      (140 mug/kg, 0.42 mg/kg, 0.42 mg/kg, 3.0). These findings are suggestive of the
      hypothesis that receptors normally activated by endogenously released ACh in the
      stellate or superior cervical ganglia of the dog may be dissociated from those
      receptors activated by nicotine which results in an increase in blood pressure or
      heart rate. Clinical implications are that TPh.DMAE as well as other DMAE analogs
      may pose less of a problem with hypotension than hexamethonium as a nicotine
      antagonist.

PMID- 182505
TI  - Effects of neuroleptic agents on cyclic GMP in rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - Cyclic guanosine 3' ,5'-monophosphate(cyclic GMP) levels were increased in
      incubated tissue slices from rat cerebral cortex in response to added
      cholinomimetic agents (carbachol and choline chloride) and neuroleptic compounds
      (chlorpromazine, 8-hydroxychlorpromazine, 7-hydroxychlorpromazine methiodide,
      haloperidol, thioridazine, chlorpromazine sulfoxide and promethazine). Calcium
      ion was required for this effect. Moreover, selected agents namely, 7,8
      dihydroxychlorpromazine, 7,8-dimethoxychlorpromazine, chlorpromazine and
      clozapine prevented the rise in cyclic GMP induced by carbachol.

PMID- 182506
TI  - Somatostatin and ACTH are peptides with partial antagonist-like selectivity for
      opiate receptors.
AB  - The peptides, Met-enkephalin and somatostatin were analysed for competitive
      affinity to opiate agonist receptor sites in rat brain. Met-enkephalin, like
      morphinomimetic compounds, being equal to marked selectivity for agonist sites
      while somatostatin and ACTH showed much less selectivity, being equal to partial
      antagonists like nalorphine. These results are compared with those observed for
      these peptides in vivo. It is suggested that somatostatin and acth act as partial
      agonist--antagonist on opiate receptors in the cns.

PMID- 182507
TI  - Effect of some phosphodiesterase inhibitors on central dopamine mechanisms.
AB  - The effect of five phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (papaverine, IBMX,
      theophyllamine, dipyridamol and M & B 22,948) was studied on adenylate cyclase
      and on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities in extracts of rat caudate
      nucleus. For comparison the effect on DA turnover and on turning behaviour in
      rats with unilateral lesions of the nigro-neostriatal DA nerurons was studied.
      Cyclic AMP PDE was inhibited by papaverine, dipyridamol, IBMX, M & B 22,948 and
      theophyllamine in that order of potency. Cylcic GMP PDE was inhibited by IBMX,
      papaverine, M & B 22,948 and theophyllamine, but not by dipyridamol. Basal
      adenylate cyclase washigher if assayed in the presence of papaverine or
      dipyridamol than if theophyllamine or IBMX was present. The degree of stimulation
      caused by DA was not significantly influenced by the PDE inhibitors. Papaverine
      and dipyridamol enhanced DA disappearance in the caudate nucleus and the
      tuberculum accumbens, but not in the median eminence. Caffeine had no significant
      effect. Papaverine (1-28 mg/kg) had no signigicant effect on L-dopa (5 mg/kg)
      induced turning, and actually inhibited turning induced by the combination of L
      dopa (10 mg/kg) and atropine (5 mg/kg). The other four PDE inhibitors all
      potentiated L-dopa-induced turning. Theophyllamine (20 mg/kg) and IBMX (5 mg/kg)
      even caused turning when given alone. The data are compatible with the opinion
      that PDE inhibition leads to an enhanced effect of DA in the caudate nucleus.
      However, the results also demonstrate that several of the PDE inhibitors have
      effects on central DA mechanisms that are difficult to explain solely on the
      basis of PED inhibition.

PMID- 182508
TI  - The potentiating effects of 4-aminopyridine on adrenergic transmission in the
      rabbit vas deferens.
AB  - The effects of 4-aminipyridine on adrenergic transmission in rabbit vas deferens
      were investigated. 10(-5)-10(-3) M 4-aminopyridine markedly potentiated the
      sustained, secondary contractile response to transmural stimulation and
      significantly increased the amount of (+/-)-|3H]-metaraminol released at 5 Hz,
      but had little effect on responses to exogenous (-)-noradrenaline. 10(-5)-10(-4)
      M 4-aminopyridine did not significantly alter the accumulation or efflux of (-)
      [3H]-noradrenaline in rabbit heart. It is suggested that 4-aminopyridine
      potentiated responses of rabbit vas deferens to transmural stimulation mainly by
      increasing transmitter release, possibly as a result of prolongation of the
      action potential. Responses to transmural stimulation were also potentiated by by
      2- and 3-aminopyridine and by 3,4-diaminopyridine but not by pyridine, aniline, 4
      dimethylaminopyridine, 4-aminoethylpyridine or 2-aminopyrimidine.

PMID- 182509
TI  - Effects of ethanol on the cyclic AMP system of the dog gastric mucosa.
AB  - The effect of ethanol on the cyclic AMP system of the dog fundic mucosa was
      studied in vitro. The gastric mucosal content of cyclic AMP was increased by 2.5%
      ethanol, whereas 10 and 20% ethanol decreased the mucosal content of cyclic AMP.
      The activity of adenylate cyclase was increased by 2.5 and 5% ethanol, whereas
      10% ethanol did not significantly affect it. The activity of cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase was inhibited by ethanol in a competitive manner. The increase
      in the gastric mucosal content of cyclic AMP, induced by low concentrations of
      ethanol, is apparently due to the stimulation of adenylate cyclase and inhibition
      of phosphodiesterase. Changes in the phosphodiesterase or adenylate cyclase
      activites do not explain the decrease of the mucosal content of cyclic AMP by
      higher concentrations of ethanol. The mechanism of the decrease is discussed.

PMID- 182510
TI  - Brain dopamine receptors and sleep in the rat: effects of stimulation and
      blockade.
AB  - A high dose of apomorphine, a stimulator of brain dopamine receptors, caused a
      reduction in total sleep, intermediate sleep and a delayed appearance of
      paradoxical sleep. With a lower dose, a small and not significant trend toward an
      increase of paradoxical sleep was observed. Spiroperidol, considered as a
      specific blocker of dopamine receptors, produced a dose-dependent increase of
      total sleep and a decrease of paradoxical sleep. Chlorpromazine induced a
      different effect, that is a clear enhancement of paradoxical sleep. Taken
      together, these results indicate that an activation of dopamine systems in the
      brain is partly involved not only in behavioral activation, but also in cortical
      activation of waking and paradoxical sleep. The effect of chlorpromazine on
      paradoxical sleep cannot be attributed to the antidopaminergic properties of this
      drug.

PMID- 182511
TI  - A new hypothesis of contact guidance in tissue cells.

PMID- 182512
TI  - Estrogen target cells. Establishment of a cell line derived from the rat
      pituitary tumor MtT/F4.

PMID- 182513
TI  - cAMP and cGMP changes associated with the differentiation of cultured chick
      embryo muscle cells.

PMID- 182514
TI  - Quantitative studies of intracellular postsynaptic potentials in the lateral
      geniculate nucleus of the cat with respect to optic tract stimulus response
      latencies.
AB  - LGN cells were intracellularly recorded with glass micropipettes. Electrical
      stimuli of different amplitude and frequency were applied to the optic tract
      close to the optic chiasm. The cells were classified according to stimulus
      response latencies of action potentials as belonging to class I (1.0-16 msec) Or
      class II (1.7-3.0 MSEC). Class I EPSPs had shorter latencies (1.0-1.5 msec),
      durations (4-12 msec), rise times to peak (0.5-1.4 msec), and decay times (3.0
      8.5 msec); the synaptic transmission time was on the average 0.41 msec. Class II
      EPSPs (1.6-2.6 msec latency) had longer durations (10-30 msec), rise times (1.6
      3.7 msec), and decay times (9.0-25 msec); the synaptic transmission time was on
      the average 0.67 msec. With repetitive stimulation the EPSPs of latency class I
      revealed almost no stimulus frequency dependence between 1 and 120 HZ, while
      class 22 EPSPs decrease in amplitude between 30 and 70% with increasing
      frequency. Comparable temporal summation of excitation occurred in cells of both
      latency classes. Negative serial correlation coefficients of first order were
      found for consecutive EPSP amplitudes of all cells recorded for sufficient
      periods of time. The IPSPs were subdivided into two groups according to their
      optic tract response latency. Group 1 IPSPs had shorter latencies (2.0-2.6 msec),
      durations (15-50 msec), and times from the onset to maximal hyperpolarization
      (2.4-4.2 msec) than group 2 IPSPs (3.0-4.8 msec latency, 40-100 msec duration,
      2.7-7.5 msec time from onset to extremum). The group 2 IPSPs decreased in
      amplitude by about 90% when the stimulus frequency was increased form 1 to 50 HZ,
      while the group 1 IPSPs displayed a comparable decrease in the frequency range
      between 50 and 120 HZ. Effective temporal summation was found in group 2 IPSPs in
      the frequency range below 70 HZ, and in group 1 IPSPs at stimulus frequencies
      between 70 and 120 HZ. The EPSP peak latencies and the latencies to the minimum
      of IPSPs proved to be invariant with respect to PSP amplitude and stimulus fre
      quency in individual cells. The latencies to the extrema of EPSPs and IPSPs as
      well as the amplitude values were symmetrically distributed.

PMID- 182515
TI  - Influence of saccadic eye movements on geniculostriate excitability in normal
      monkeys.
AB  - Using permanently implanted electrodes in squirrel monkeys and macaques,
      transmission through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) was assayed from the
      amplitude of potentials evoked in optic radiation by and electrical pulse applied
      to optic tract. Averaging of either individually or machine selected potentials,
      elicited at 0.3, 1.0, 20 or 50 HZ, in all cases showed a decrease in transmission
      ranging from 5-60% in the period after saccadic eye movements made ad libitum.
      The suppression was greater in a patterned visual environment than in diffuse
      illumination, which in turn was greater than that occurring following saccades in
      the dark. Demonstration of the effect in darkness always required data averaging
      and never exceeded 20%. The effect was consistently greater in the magnocellular
      than parvocellular component. Suppresion was often abruptly terminated and
      replaced by a facilitation of 5-15% about 100 msec after saccade detection.
      Comparable effects were observed for excitability of striate cortex tested by a
      stimulus pulse applied to optic radiation. In addition, sharply demarcated
      potentials inherently arising in LGN and striate cortex were found in association
      with saccades made even in total darkness. Neglecting a possible but dubious
      contribution from eye muscle proprioceptors, the experiments establish the
      existence of a centrally originating modulation of visual processing at both LGN
      and striate cortex in ralation to saccadic eye movement in primates. This
      modulation may partially underlie the phenomenon of "saccadic suppression" and
      hasten the acquistion of a meaningful visualsample immediately following an
      ocular saccade. It remains uncertain as to how it may relate to similar or
      greater effects accompanying changes in alertness, or to fluctuations of unknown
      origin occurring sometimes semirhythmically at 0.05-0.03 HZ (Fig 7).

PMID- 182518
TI  - Ontogenetic development of somatosensory thalum. II. Electrogenesis.

PMID- 182516
TI  - Noradrenaline-refractoriness in cultured glioma cells.
AB  - Rat glioma cells in culture (subclone C6-SK71) respond to 0.1 mM noradrenaline by
      a 100 fold elevation of the intracellular cyclic AMP concentration, and by a
      subsequent change in morphology. The glioma cells extend multiple processes to
      resemble the morphology of normal astrocytes in brain tissue. Evidence is
      presented that the responses are mediated by way of a beta-adrenergic receptor.
      Both the biochemical and the morphological responses to noradrenaline are visible
      within minutes, but the cells revert to the untreated condition within 8 hours.
      Addition of fresh noradrenaline does not alter the sequence of events. A
      refractory period in which neither effect could be evoked by a subsequent
      exposure to noradrenaline was observed to last about 50 hours and was not
      correlated with a change in the rate of cell growth.

PMID- 182517
TI  - Measurement of current spread from microelectrodes when stimulating within the
      nervous system.
AB  - Tungsten stimulating microelectrodes have been tested in monopolar, bipolar and
      concentric configurations for the extent to which unwanted current spread
      occurred. Current spread from monopolar electrodes in close conformity with the
      predictions of the inverse square law, both in vitro in vivo. The bipolar and
      concentric configurations, tested only in vitro, had current-spread
      characteristics which did not follow the inverse square law so closely. The
      bipolar configuration gave little reduction in spread, compared wpith a monopolar
      electrode, but the concentric configuration did reduce the extent of stimulus
      spread. The extent of spread depends greatly upon a number of experimental
      variables, including the dimensions of the microelectrode tip. For studies
      requiring precise localization with low stimulus currents, it is advisable to
      determine the inverse square law constant for each experimental situation. For
      more generalized stimulation purposes within the mammalian C.N.S., employing
      monopolar microelectrodes of moderate tip size, brief pulses of 10 muA can be
      expected to stimulate myelinated axons with about 0.15 mm of the tip, and 100 muA
      WILL Stimulate with a radius of about 0.5 mm.

PMID- 182519
TI  - Cortical oxygen consumption and NADH flourescence during metrazol seizures in
      normotensive and hypotensive cats.

PMID- 182520
TI  - Cyclic AMP during development and ageing of the insect Ceratitis capitata.
AB  - Cyclic AMP was determined during the development of the diptera Ceratitis
      capitata. The concentration of the nucleotide reaches a peak at apolysis with a
      sharp decline in the pharate adult stage. A gradual increase takes place through
      the longevity of adult stage reaching a maximum plateau at the end of life.

PMID- 182521
TI  - Tele-encephalic versus cerebellar control upon ponto-geniculo-occipital waves
      during paradoxical sleep in the cat.
AB  - Studying the effects that removal of the cerebellum and the frontal lobes had
      upon the phasic activities (PGO waves) of paradoxical sleep in the cat, it is
      shown that in this phase of the sleep-wakefulness cycle the cerebellum exerts an
      inhibitory action upon the amplitude of the GPO, while the frontal lobes
      influences the pattern of their discharges.

PMID- 182523
TI  - Antagonism of prostaglandin-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in the rat anterior
      pituitary in vitro by somatostatin analogues.
AB  - The PGE2-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in the rat anterior pituitary in vitro
      is inhibited by [desamino1]-[desamino1] [descarboxy14]- and [D-Lys4]-somatostatin
      similarly to somatostatin, while the [descarboxy14]-somatostatin exhibits reduced
      activity; [D-Lys9]-somatostatin is ineffective at a higher concentration.

PMID- 182522
TI  - The effect of combined chronic hypoxia and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea on the carotid
      bodies of rats.
AB  - We measured the carotid body volume of rats treated with chronic hypoxia alone
      and chronic hypoxia together with a single neonatal injection of N-ethyl-N
      nitrosourea (10 mg/kg). All the animals so treated showed enlargement of their
      carotid bodies, but no carotid body chemodectomas occurred.

PMID- 182524
TI  - Isolation of a protease from the cell-free medium of in vitro cultured mammary
      carcinoma.
AB  - Trypsin-like protease with wide spectrum of enzymatic activities have been
      isolated from cell-free medium from in vivo cultured human mammary carcinoma
      cells, and from peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with mammary carcinoma
      cultured in presence of cell-membrane carcinoma-associated glycoprotein.

PMID- 182525
TI  - Failure to SV40-transformed lizard cells to induce tumors in autogeneic or
      allogeneic hosts.
AB  - Lizard cells from the tails of geckos were readily morphologically and
      antigenically transformed in vitro by SV40 virus. Neither autografts of these
      cells nor allografts of SV40 transformed gecko embryo cells produced tumors in
      animals under observation for 1 to 3 years.

PMID- 182526
TI  - On the mineralocorticoid and hypertensogenic properties of 16beta-hydroxy
      dehydroepiandrosterone.
AB  - Dosages of either 1 or 2 mg daily of 16beta-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, given
      to mononephrectomized, salt-loaded female rats, had no detectable effect upon
      saline consumption, blood pressure, kallikrein excretion or heart and kidney
      weight. Its alleged mineralocorticoid properties, as judged by these criteria,
      were not demonstrable.

PMID- 182527
TI  - Effect of progesterone on the in vivo binding of estrogens by uterine cells.
AB  - Progesterone selectively inhibits estradiol uptake by the nuclei of the luminal
      epithelial cells but not by other uterine cells. This inhibition in estrogen
      binding parallels the inhibition by progesterone of some estrogenic responses in
      the luminal epithelial cells only.

PMID- 182528
TI  - Timing of single daily meal influences relations among human circadian rhythms in
      urinary cyclic AMP and hemic glucagon, insulin and iron.
AB  - Relations among circadian rhythms in serum iron, glucagon and insulin and urinary
      cyclic AMP excretion differ drastically when diurnally active, nocturnally
      resting human adults consume all daily food for one week as breakfast only and
      for another week as dinner only - a finding of interest to diverse fields, e.g.,
      for optimizing certain kinds of therapy or for a better utilization of calories.

PMID- 182529
TI  - Rapid purification of lactate dehydrogenase X from mouse testes by two steps of
      affinity chromatography on oxamate-sepharose.
AB  - At concentrations of 200 muM NADH and 0.5 M NaCl LDH-X is separated from the
      other LDH isozymes of mouse testes on oxamate-sepharose. In a second step LDH-X
      is bound to the same matrix at lower NADH and NaCl concentrations and the pure
      enzyme can subsequently be eluted.

PMID- 182530
TI  - Unified concept on the role of acid mucopolysaccharides and connective tissue
      proteins in the accumulation of lipids, lipoproteins, and calcium in the
      atherosclerotic plaque.

PMID- 182531
TI  - Neuronal parasitism and cell fusion in mouse cytomegalovirus encephalitis.

PMID- 182533
TI  - EPR properties of the electron carrier intermediate between the reaction center
      bacteriochlorophylls and the primary acceptor in Chromatium vinosum.

PMID- 182532
TI  - A re-evaluation of the spectral, potentiometric and energy-linked properties of
      cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria.

PMID- 182534
TI  - The postnatal development of gluconeogenic enzymes in guinea-pig kidney cortex.

PMID- 182535
TI  - The involvement of the protonmotive ubiquinone cycle in the respiratory chain of
      higher plants and its relation to the branchpoint of the alternate pathway.

PMID- 182536
TI  - Effect of serum and C-apoproteins from very low density lipoproteins on human
      postheparin plasma hepatic lipase.

PMID- 182537
TI  - Cleavage of beta-casein by collagenases from Achromobacter iophagus and
      Clostridium histolyticum.

PMID- 182538
TI  - Interaction of 3H-labelled synthetic human gastrin I with rat gastric plasma
      membranes. Evidence for the existence of biologically reactive gastrin receptor
      sites.

PMID- 182539
TI  - Dissociation of cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate. Accumulation and secretory
      inhibition in the action of carbamylcholine on thyroid.

PMID- 182540
TI  - Desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors of glioma cells: studies with intact
      and broken cell preparations.

PMID- 182541
TI  - Hormone-receptor interactions. Adrenocorticotrophin-(7-24)-octadecapeptide
      stimulates adipocyte membrane adenylate cyclase without causing lipolysis in fat
      cells.

PMID- 182542
TI  - Rapid appearance of estrogen receptor in chick liver nuclei: partial inhibition
      by cycloheximide.

PMID- 182543
TI  - Partial purification of the activated glucocorticord receptor of rat liver.

PMID- 182544
TI  - Homo-dimers in rabbit skeletal myosin.

PMID- 182545
TI  - Small peptides with melanocyte-stimulating activity.

PMID- 182546
TI  - Role of calcium in the phenotypic expression of rabbit articular chondrocytes in
      culture.

PMID- 182547
TI  - Dephosphorylation of C55-isoprenyl-monophosphate by non-specific phosphatases.

PMID- 182548
TI  - Paramagnetic centers of the nitrite oxidizing bacterium Nitrobacter.

PMID- 182549
TI  - Determination of the heme spin states in cytochrome c oxidase using magnetic
      circular dichroism.

PMID- 182551
TI  - Binding of nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA) to isolated fat cells:
      evidence for two separate membrane acceptor sites.

PMID- 182550
TI  - Light-stimulated oxygen uptake by vesicles containing cytochrome c oxidase and
      bacteriorhodopsin.

PMID- 182552
TI  - Transient cyclic AMP accumulation in germinating zoospores of Blastocladiella
      emersonii.

PMID- 182554
TI  - Enzymatic removal of the 5'-terminal methylated blocked structure of tobacco
      mosaic virus RNA and its effects on infectivity and reconstitution with coat
      protein.

PMID- 182556
TI  - The specificity of gonadotropin binding by the human corpus luteum.
AB  - The specificity of gonadotropin binding was studied in fresh and frozen human
      corpora lutea. Ovine, bovine, and porcine luteinizing hormone (LH) competed with
      125I-labeled human LH (125I-hLH) and 125I-labeled human chorionic gonadotropin
      (125I-hCG) for binding to tissue receptors in homogenates of human corpora lutea
      frozen for 3 to 12 months. In contrast, oLH, bLH, and pLH competed minimally for
      125I-hLH and 125I-hCG binding sites in homogenates of fresh human corpora lutea.
      Ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
      did not compete in homogenates of fresh or frozen tissue. Competition of oLH and
      hCG for 125I-hCG binding sites at several dose levels in a homogenate of a fresh
      corpus luteum was studied. One hundred micrograms of oLH and ten nanograms of hCG
      gave an equivalent competition--a 10,000-fold difference in competitive potency.
      Only hCG competed with 125I-hCG for binding when the competition of oLH, bLH,
      pLH, oFSH, oTSH, hCG and hCG subunits, and hCG were compared at the 10-mug level
      in a homogenate of fresh human corpus luteum. The binding of 125I-labeled
      homologous human hormones by the corpus luteum was examined in a limited fashion.
      125I-Prolactin did not bind to preparations of fresh stroma from a patient with
      polycystic ovaries nor did it bind to three separate preparations of fresh
      corpora luteum which did bind 125I-hCG. 125I-hTSH did not show significant
      binding to a fresh human corpus luteum preparation which did bind 125I-hCG. These
      studies indicate that the gonadotropin receptor of the fresh human corpus luteum
      possesses a unique species specificity and illustrate the importance of working
      with human corpora lutea in their most native state.

PMID- 182553
TI  - A factor stimulating RNA polymerase I having elongation activity.

PMID- 182555
TI  - Intermediary metabolism of adipose tissue.
AB  - Metabolism of ruminant adipocytes involves the synthesis and mobilization of
      lipids. Rates of lipid synthesis from the uptake of preformed fatty acids (via
      lipoprotein lipase) and de novo synthesis of fatty acids are related to the
      energy balance. Acetate is the major carbon source for fatty acid synthesis with
      NADPH originating from the pentose cycle and the isocitrate cycle. Ruminant
      adipose tissue lacks the ability to utilize for lipogenesis those substrates that
      generate mitochondrial acetyl CoA because of an absence of ATP citrate-lyase and
      NADP-malate dehydrogenase. Lipid mobilization in ruminant adipocytes is
      apparently regulated via cAMP levels and a summary of the compounds investigated
      for lipolytic responses is presented. The control of lipid synthesis and
      mobilization is interrelated in ruminant adipose tissue. The coordinated manner
      in which these two functions are regulated is examined with regard to adipocyte
      responses to insulin and epinephrine. In both lipid synthesis and lipid
      mobilization, ruminant adipocytes are uniquely different from nonruminant adipose
      tissue. The physiological significance and possible basis for these species
      differences in adipose metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 182557
TI  - Pathogenesis of visna: review and speculation.

PMID- 182558
TI  - The epizootiology of aleutian disease.

PMID- 182559
TI  - Purification and structure of aleutian disease virus.

PMID- 182560
TI  - Maedi and visna in sheep.

PMID- 182561
TI  - Some final comments on visna-maedi aleutian disease and scrapie.

PMID- 182562
TI  - The detailed structure of visna-maedi virus.

PMID- 182563
TI  - Visna-maedi virus infection in cell cultures and in laboratory animals.

PMID- 182564
TI  - [The effect of metallic ions on steroid hormone receptors in the rabbit uterus
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The copper-IUD has been proved to be more effective for contraception than the
      popular IUD. To understand this mechanism of action, the effects of metallic ions
      on estrogen and progesterone receptors were examined in the cytosol of estrogen
      primed with female rabbits. The 274,200 X G supernatant of the uterine homogenate
      was used as the cytosol. The cytosol and 3H-progesterone (3.12 X 10(-9)M) or 3H
      estradiol-17 beta (3.46 X 10(-9)M), with or without various metallic ions of
      different concentrations had been incubated for 2 hours. Bindings of steroids
      were estimated by the dextran coated charcoal assay (0.001% dextran and 0.1%
      Norite A) and were evaluated by 5 approximately 20% sucrose linear gradient
      centrifugation 1) Effect of various metallic ions on steroid hormone-receptor
      binding (determined by dextran coated charcoal assay. Fig. 1) : Thesteroid
      hormone-receptor interactions were markedly inhibited by Cu++, Fe++, and Zn++
      ions and moderately by Mn++, but K+ and Ca++ increased of slightly affected the
      binding at concentrations between 10(-2)M and 10(-4)M. There were some
      differences between estrogen and progesterone receptors in their sensitivities to
      various metallic ions. 2) The effect of copper ion on the binding of steroid to
      the receptor : The dextran coated charcoal assay (Fig. 2) demonstrated that the
      inhibitory effect of Cu++ appeared at 10(-6)M and the steroidhormone-receptor
      bound decreased down to 10% at 10(-2)M Cu++. The estrogen receptor was less
      affected by copper than the progesterone receptor. It was demonstrated by 5
      approximately 20% sucrose linear gradient centrifugation (Fig 3) that estrogen
      and progesterone receptors, which both sedimented at 8 S, were changed to more
      sedimenting forms in the presence of 10(-4)M Cu++, and were dissociated to 6.5 S
      form with moderate loss of steriod hormone binding affinity in 10(-2)M Cu++. The
      kinetic study (Fig 4), determined by dextran coated charcoal, showed that Cu++
      was a competitive inhibitor against steroid hormone receptor bindings with Ki in
      equilibrium 2.7 X 10(-5)M to estrogen receptor (Kd in equilibrium 1.4 X 10(-9)M),
      and with Ki in equilibrium 5.1 X 10(-6M to progesterone receptor (Kd in
      equilibrium 8.1 X 10(-10)M). These results indicate the inhibiting factor of
      copper is the direct interference at the steriod binding site of the receptor,
      resulting in the increase in the effectiveness of the IUD. While progesterone
      receptor is more affected by copper ion than estrogen receptor, it is suggested
      that estrogen receptor survives longer than progesterone receptor and thus the
      biolgoical effect of copper seems to be somewhat estrogenic.

PMID- 182565
TI  - [Effects of low salt plus upright posture, angiotensin II, ACTH, and potassium
      upon plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and cortisol (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to study the control system of plasma aldosterone in human, we examined
      the effects of low salt plus upright posture, angiotensin II, ACTH and potassium
      upon plasma renin activity, aldosterone and cortisol in five subjects who were
      supposed to be normal. All of the procedures, low salt diet with below 3 g of
      salt and 2 hr-upright posture, 0.25 mg of Cortrosyn, angiotensin infusion to
      increase 20mmHG of diastolic pressure for an hour, and 30 mEq of potassium
      infusion stimulated plasma aldosterone significantly. Furthermore, in each
      subject the degrees of response to each of these stimulations were almost same.
      In an old woman aged 68, responses to all of stimulations were significantly
      lower than those in other subjects. Plasma cortisol was significantly stimulated
      by ACTH, but slightly reduced by potassium infusion. From these results, it is
      certain that plasma aldosteron levels are easily affected by a small amount of
      changes in angiotensin, ACTH, potassium and sodium. However, responses of
      aldosterone to these changes seem to be decreased in old subjects.

PMID- 182566
TI  - [Studies on the responsiveness of human adrenocortical tumors to ACTH the
      clinical and experimental observations (author's transl)].
AB  - Six cases of Cushing's syndrome with adrenocortical tumors which showed a variety
      of responsiveness to ACTH were investigated in relation to their clinical
      pictures and laboratory findings. Abnormal responses to ACTH in tumors was
      analyzed by in vitro experiments with surgically obtained tumor tissues, and the
      ACTH responsive mechanism of the tumors was discussed. An 8 hour intravenous ACTH
      infusion test showed that three of these patients were ACTH responsive, and the
      other three unresponsive. Histological observation of the tumors revealed that
      ACTH responsive tumors were adenomas and that ACTH unresponsive tumors were
      "black adenomas" in two and a carcinoma in one. To investigate possible factors
      which might account for these differences in ACTH responsiveness, tumor specimens
      of each one of the responsive and unresponsive adenomas, and a carcinoma were
      subjected to in vitro studies. When incubated with ACTH or cyclic AMP, tissue
      sections of a responsive adenoma enhanced cortisol secretion, while that of a
      black adenoma failed to show any change. Steroidogenesis by carcinoma sections
      were significantly suppressed in the presence of ACTH or cyclic AMP.
      Cycloheximide abolished a stimulatory effect of ACTH and cyclic AMP on
      steroidogenesis in a responsive adenoma without affecting its basal secretion of
      cortisol. Steroidogenesis by unresponsive tumors (an adenoma and a carcinoma)
      were decreased by cycloheximide. Since the conversion of cholesterol to
      pregnenolone, the rate limiting step in steroidogenesis, takes place in adrenal
      mitochondria, the effect of cyclic AMP on pregnenolone formation from 14C
      cholesterol by mitochondrial fractions of these tumors was examined. Cyclic AMP
      stimulated pregnenolone formation by mitochondrial fraction of an ACTH responsive
      adenoma, while with that of an unresponsive adenoma pregnenolone formation was
      not affected. Pregnenolone formation by cancer mitochondria was significantly
      suppressed by cyclic AMP. These results suggest that the unresponsiveness to ACTH
      of these tumors might be explained by the ineffectiveness of cyclic AMP to
      stimulate pregnenolone formation by tumor mitochondria, and that the
      steroidogenic pathway in unresponsive tumors are in an enhanced state even
      without cyclic AMP. It should be mentioned that all unresponsive adenomas gave a
      characteristic appearance of a "black adenoma". Histologically, tumors were
      composed of compact cells with abundant lipofuscin granules. The possible
      relationship between the ACTH responsiveness of adrenocortical tumors and some
      clinical pictures caused by them was also noticed. ACTH unresponsive adenomas
      resulted in shorter duration, severer conditions of the disease and higher 17
      ketosteroid excretion than responsive adenomas. The growth of unresponsive tumors
      seemed faster than that of responsive ones.

PMID- 182568
TI  - Mitochondrial inclusions in basalioma cells.

PMID- 182567
TI  - [Effect of cyclic AMP and Ca++ on steroidogenesis by rat adrenal mitochondrial
      fraction. Studies on the mechanism of ACTH action (I) (author's transl)].
AB  - Despite the accumulation of a number of studies, the mechanism of action of ACTH
      remains to be clarified. Although it is now clear that cyclic AMP acts as a
      intracellular mediator of ACTH action, the mechanism of its action on the
      stimulation of steroidogenesis is not known. The present studies were carried out
      to test the hypothesis that cyclic AMP might act directly on adrenal
      mitochondrial fraction to stimulate the metabolism of cholesterol to pregnenolone
      and progesterone, and to determine whether Ca++ might modulate the action of
      cyclic AMP. Adrenal mitochondria were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats
      pretreated with dexamethasone. Steroidogenesis by the mitochondrial fraction from
      cholesterol-4-14C (0.2-0.25 muCi, 3.6-4.5 mmumole/sample) were measured in a
      system containing 20 mM tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), 11.5 mM NaCl, 15.4 mM KCl, 70
      mM sucrose, 10 mM sodium succinate and mitochondrial fraction (0.16-0.22 mg
      protein/sample). Incubations were performed at 37 degrees C, with shaking, in the
      presence or absence of cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and cycloheximide. After
      incubation, the medium was extracted with chloroform, and the extracts were
      analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. And the radioactivity of the separated
      steroids was measured. The products from cholesterol-4-14C were mainly
      pregnenolone and progesterone, and the other products were almost negligible.
      Cyclic AMP effected the formation of pregnenolone and progesterone by
      mitochondria. Cyclic AMP exerted its effect even at low concentrations (5 X 10(
      6) approximately 5 X 10(-5)M), which was presumably near the intracellular level.
      On the other hand, cyclic GMP (5 X 10(-5) M) failed to enhance steroidogenesis.
      The effect of Ca++ on the action of various concentrations (5 X 10(-6)
      approximately 3 X 10(-3) M) of cyclic AMP was also clearly demonstrated. Addition
      of Ca++ (1 mM) to the incubation medium intensified the stimulatory effect of
      cyclic AMP in each concentration. And in the presence of Ca++, the most effective
      level of cyclic AMP was shifted from 5 X 10(-4) approximately 3 X 10(-3)M to the
      lower concentration (5 X 10(-5)M). In addition, cyclic AMP action was modified by
      the changes in the concentration of Ca++ in the medium. At concentration of 10(
      6) M of Ca++, steroid formation of mitochondria was maximally activated by cyclic
      AMP. These observations suggest that cyclic AMP enhances steroidogenesis by
      acting directly on adrenal mitochondria to stimulate pregnenolone and
      progesterone formation from cholesterol, and that Ca++ plays a significant role
      in its action.

PMID- 182569
TI  - [Endocytosis and secretion in cultured anterior pituitary cells. Action of
      hypothalamic hormones].

PMID- 182570
TI  - Characterization of two forms of cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate-dependent
      protein kinase in rat testicular interstitial cells.
AB  - The adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein
      phosphokinase of rat interstitial cells was characterized by ion-exchange
      chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The 0.2 M NaCl
      fraction from DEAE-Sephadex showed a small 2.9-S peak of basal enzyme activity,
      and a large 6.5-S peak of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity; fractions
      eluted from DEAE-Sephadex with 0.3-0.5 M NaCl contained a major 3.8-S peak of
      cyclic AMP-dependent enzyme activity. Activation of protein kinase in cell
      extracts by cyclic AMP, and in intact interstitial cells by trophic hormone,
      caused a major shift of enzyme activity to the 2.9-S cyclic AMP-dependent form
      which was eluted from DEAE-Sephadex by 0.2 M NaCl. These results are consistent
      with the presence of two distinct protein kinase holoenzymes, with a common 2.9-S
      catalytic subunit. During hormonal activation of protein kinase in dispersed
      interstitial cells by 10-10 M human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), conversion to
      the 2.9-S catalytic subunit was observed between 2 and 30 min of incubation.
      Protein kinase activity was correlated with cyclic AMP production, and full
      enzyme activation occurred at the time of maximum intracellular cyclic AMP
      concentration. The presence of two forms of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase
      in the Leydig cell provides a potential mechanism whereby progressive occupancy
      of gonadotropin receptors could evoke a series of discrete target cell responses.

PMID- 182572
TI  - The effects of cholera toxin on the adrenal weight in hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - The effects of cholera on adrenal weight in hypophysectomized rats were
      investigated, in an attempt to demonstrate an ACTH-like, adrenal trophic effect
      of the toxin. The results suggested that the toxin probably exerts is ACTH-like
      action on the adrenal via adenylate cyclase. Cholera toxin was also shown to have
      a thermolytic action, similar to that of ACTH, probably due to stimulation of
      adrenal glucocorticoid secretion.

PMID- 182571
TI  - Biphasic effect of testosterone propionate on Sertoli cell secretory function.
AB  - When various doses of testosterone propionate (10 to 10,000 mug/day) were given
      to 21-day-old rats for 10 days a biphasic effect was seen both on testis weight
      and production of androgen-binding protein (ABP). At low doses (10 to 100 mug
      testosterone propionate/day) there was a reduction in testis weight as well as
      ABP content in the epididymis. At higher doses of testosterone propionate, there
      was a stimulation of both testicular weight and ABP production in spite of
      suppressed serum FSH and LH levels. These effects of testosterone propionate on
      Sertoli cell secretory function strongly suggest that the Sertoli cell is a
      target cell for androgen.

PMID- 182573
TI  - Partial purification of the activated hepatic glucocorticoid - receptor complex.
AB  - A rapid procedure for the purification of the hepatic glucocorticoid receptor has
      been developed which exploits the observation that "activation" of this complex
      enables it to bind to anionic substances such as DNA and phosphocellulose. The
      procedure consists of two phosphocellulose columns operated in sequence. The
      first column removes from unfractionated cytosol all basic proteins which adhere
      to the immobilized phosphate residues; the steroid - receptor complex elutes in
      the flow-through of this first column. This complex is then thermally activated
      and applied to a second phosphocellulose column where it is retained, washed, and
      eluted by a salt gradient. This simple procedure is capable of purifying the
      steroid - receptor complex over 1000-fold.

PMID- 182574
TI  - Apparent multiple forms of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase from rat erythrocytes.
AB  - Bio-Gel A-5m chromatography has been used to separate apparent multiple forms of
      cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from rat erythrocytes. Cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase was resolved by gel filtration into three peaks of activity
      with apparent molecular weights of about 300,000, 225,000 and 100,000, while
      cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity in gel column fractions was too low to
      permit meaningful estimates of its molecular weight. All three of the separated
      peaks of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity displayed anomalous kinetic
      behaviour suggestive of negative cooperativity. The possibility that multiple
      phosphodiesterase activities could arise from in vitro alterations of a single
      enzyme was investigated. Similar changes in gel filtration profiles resulted when
      erythrocyte extracts were treated with trypsin or ammonium sulfate or were
      incubated at 37 degrees C. After these treatments, a large proportion of the
      enzyme activity occurred in low (ca. 100,000) molecular weight regions. The low
      molecular weight phosphodiesterase activities from untreated, incubated, and
      trypsin-treated extracts possessed similar properties. All were inhibited by
      methylxanthines, had pH optima of approximately 8.0, and similar kinetic
      properties and requirements for divalent cations. These observations raise the
      possibility that preparative procedures or limited proteolysis occurring during
      preparation and handling of extracts can contribute to the apparent multiplicity
      of enzyme forms seen after gel filtration of phosphodiesterase from rat
      erythrocytes and perhaps other cell types.

PMID- 182575
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, insulin and thyroid hormones.
AB  - The in vitro effects of insulin on different phosphodiesterase activities present
      in rat epididymal fat cells from normal and hypothyroid rats have been studied.
      Evidence is presented that insulin increases the maximum velocity of a
      particulate, low Km, cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
      phosphodiesterase in both types of cells, this effect being more clearly evident
      with the fat cells from hypothyroid animals; combination of insulin and
      thyroidectomy resulted in a 400% stimulation with 10-10 - 10-9 M insulin. A clear
      and significant effect was apparent at 10-11 M insulin. However, the dose
      response curve was biphasic, since stimulation by insulin was suppressed for
      doses of hormone higher 10-8 - 10-7 M. Moreover, insulin effects were very fast,
      since clear stimulation was observed after only 2 min of incubation; the maximal
      increase was obtained after 10 min. Insulin did not significantly affect the
      soluble cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in normal cells, thus confirming
      results obtained by others. However, the soluble cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase
      activity was clearly stimulated by insulin when the fat cells were prepared from
      hypothyroid rats. Maximal stimulation was obtained with 10-9 M insulin; the
      response was again very fast. Soluble cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity was
      also increased additively by hypothyroidism and insulin, maximal stimulation
      being obtained with 10-9 M insulin. With this dose of insulin the additive
      effects of thyroidectomy and insulin produced a 5-fold stimulation. The effect of
      insulin on the soluble cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase was very fast (2-5 min). With
      both soluble cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities, insulin increased
      the maximal velocity but not apparent Km of the enzyme. Thus, hypothyroidism and
      insulin produced additive effects suggesting a different mechanism of action of
      these two hormonal situations on the degradation of the intracellular pools of
      cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.

PMID- 182576
TI  - Insect prothoracic glands: a role for cyclic AMP in the stimulation of alpha
      ecdysone secretion.
AB  - The prothoracic glands of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, were studied to
      determine if cyclic AMP is involved in the regulation of alpha-ecdysone
      secretion. Culturing glands in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors,
      aminophylline and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, caused a greater than 2-fold
      stimulation of ecdysone secretion while cyclic AMP alone was ineffective. Based
      on a dose-response analysis, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine was 200 times more
      potent than aminophylline. Measurements of endogenous prothoracic gland cyclic
      AMP during the fifth larval instar demonstrated that dramatically increased
      levels preceded the increase in in vitro ecdysone-secretory ability. The data
      suggest that cyclic AMP may act as a second messenger in the stimulation of
      prothoracic gland alpha-ecdysone secretion by the prothoracicotropic brain
      hormone.

PMID- 182577
TI  - Stabilization and characterization of the dexamethasone-binding proteins in rat
      liver cytosol.
AB  - Conditions were worked out for maximal stabilization of dexamethasone binding
      activity of rat liver cytosol in the absence of the protective steroid ligand.
      Important stabilization factors are ionic strength, thiol-protecting agents,
      glycerol and pH. Maximal stability of the cytosol is observed in a buffer
      consisting of 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50 mM KCl, 25 mM beta-mercaptoethanol and
      20% glycerol. Chromatography of cytosol on DEAE-cellulose revealed the existence
      of three dexamethasone receptors, binder DE-1, present in the flow-through
      fraction and binders DE-2 and DE-3, eluting from the column with salt
      concentrations of 100 and 190 mM, respectively. Binders DE-2 and DE-3 are not
      adsorbed on phosphocellulose at pH 7.5, whereas binder DE-1 is. All three
      receptors are retained to varying degrees on DNA-cellulose columns: binder DE-1
      is eluted with salt concentrations of 270 mM, whereas binders DE-2 and DE-3 are
      eluted between 180 and 200 mM NaCl. The dexamethasone receptors also bind natural
      glucocorticoids, but to varying degrees, the highest binding being observed to
      binder DE-2. The receptors obtained after chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, but
      not on phosphocellulose, cannot be to an appreciable extent charged with
      dexamethasone.

PMID- 182578
TI  - Cholinergic regulation of cyclic nucleotide levels, amylase release, and K+
      efflux from rat parotid glands.
AB  - Carbachol increased amylase release and K+ efflux from rat parotid tissue slices.
      The amount of amylase released was small compared to that released by
      isoproterenol. The effect of carbachol on amylase release and K+ efflux was a
      direct effect. This conclusion was based on the finding that the stimulatory
      effects of carbachol were blocked only by atropine and not by propanolol or
      phentolamine. In addition to the above effects, carbachol also caused a rapid
      increase in the parotid guanosine-3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels
      without a discernable effect on adenosine-3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)
      levels. The increase in cGMP level caused by carbachol was blocked by atropine
      and not by phentolamine. The stimulatory effect of carbachol on amylase release
      was not additive with that of isoproterenol or dibutyryl cAMP. Although carbachol
      had no effect on basal cAMP levels it did inhibit increases in cAMP caused by
      isoproterenol. Similarly isoproterenol inhibited increased in parotid cGMP levels
      caused by carbachol. Unlike the apparent nonadditivity between the effects of
      isoproterenol and carbachol on amylase release and cAMP and cGMP accumulation,
      the effects on K+ efflux were additive. The possibility of a role for cGMP in
      mediating the effects of cholinergic agonists on K+ efflux was lessened by our
      observations that 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine enhanced the effect of limiting
      concentrations of carbachol on cGMP accumulation while not enhancing the effects
      of carbachol on K+ efflux.

PMID- 182579
TI  - Characteristics of the response of human adrenocortical cells to ACTH.
AB  - The effects of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) on human adrenocortical
      steroidogenesis were studied in adrenocortical cells which had been isolated from
      normal and hyperplastic glands by a technique combining tyrpsin digestion and
      mechanical dispersion, and incubated in the presence of ACTH or dibutyryl cyclic
      AMP (dbcAMP). The response was measured in terms of cyclic AMP, cortisol,
      corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisone production. A classical sigmoid
      curve, calculated by non-linear, least square method, related the increase in
      cAMP production or in steroidogenesis to the log dose of ACTH. For the normal
      adrenocortical cells, the estimated concentration of ACTH inducing a half-maximal
      response was approximated 2h0 pg ACTH 1-24/ml for steroidogenesis, against 437
      pg/ml for cAMP production. The estimated Vmax (per 107 cells/ml, on average) was
      27 pmol cAMP/2 and for steroidogenesis (in ng/2 h): 188 for cortisol, 106 for
      corticosterone, 37 for 11-deoxycortisol, and 32 for cortisone, dbcAMP (1.0 mM)
      stimulated steroidogenesis to a comparable extent. The cells from a hyperplastic
      adrenal gland exhibited a steroidogenic response to ACTH and dbcAMP which was 2-3
      times greater than the response of a similar number of normal adrenocortical
      cells. Calculated per pmol cAMP generated, the ACTH-stimulated cortisol
      production by cells from hyperplastic gland was also increased with respect to
      normal cell response. These data suggest a prolonged effect of ACTH on cortisol
      biosynthetic pathway beyond the membrane step of cAMP generation.

PMID- 182580
TI  - Similarity of responses of cultured Sertoli cells to cholera toxin and FSH.
AB  - The effects of cholera toxin on the responses of cultured Sertoli cells were
      compared with those elicited by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and N6O2'
      dibutyryl-3',5'-cyclic AMP (bu2cAMP). Addition of FSH or cholera toxin increased
      cAMP levels. Subsequently there was greater rates of conversion of testosterone
      to 17beta-estradiol, formation of androgen-binding protein (ABP), and
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA by Sertoli cells prepared from testes of
      immature rats and cultured in the presence of either FSH or cholera toxin.
      Addition of bu2-cAMP also resulted in enhanced rates of formation of ABP,
      synthesis of 17beta-estradiol and synthesis of DNA. Cholera toxin and bu2-cAMP
      elicited changes in morphology of cultured Sertoli cells indistinguishable from
      those following FSH addition. It is concluded that elevated intracellular cAMP
      levels can duplicate known actions of FSH on cultured Sertoli cells, but the
      possible obligatory role of cAMP in mediating FSH actions remains to be
      evaluated.

PMID- 182581
TI  - Hormonal control of cyclic AMP turnover in isolated fat cells.
AB  - Control of the levels of cAMP in the early phase after addition of catecholamines
      and the effect of insulin is discussed under consideration of own findings from
      experiments with isolated fat cells of the rat. Data on the kinetics of cAMP are
      interpreted in the light of results from several groups of a rapid activation of
      phosphodiesterase activity along with the adenylate cyclase system. Comparison of
      energy metabolism of fat cells with the formation of cAMP under conditions of
      near-maximal activation of the adenylate cyclase system by isoproterenol shows
      that about half of the cellular ATP turnover is used for information transfer.
      Insulin reduces cAMP concentrations in the presence of isoproterenol within one
      min of incubation when added either together with or after the catecholamine.
      Experiments with propranolol and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, methyl
      isobutylxanthine suggest an effect of insulin on formation and breakdown of cAMP.

PMID- 182582
TI  - A synergistic effect of androgen on the stimulation of progesterone secretion by
      FSH in cultured rat granulosa cells.
AB  - Granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles (PO) or from the enlarged preantral
      follicles of hypophysectomized immature diethylstilbestrol-treated (Hx-DES) rats
      were cultured with various combinations of FSH, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (Ad),
      estradiol-17beta and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP). Progestin levels
      (progesterone and 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone) in the medium after 2 days of
      culture were assayed by radioimmunoassay. The control levels of the two
      progestins were lower for Hx-DES than for PO cells. Rat FSH (NIAMD-1-3;0.1
      mug/ml) caused a 2-fold rise in progestin accumulation in both PO and Hx-DES
      cultures, dbcAMP (1 mM) increased progestin accumulation in PO cultures 4-5-fold,
      and to an even greater extent (10-20 fold) in Hx-DES cultures. Androstenedione
      (1.0 mug/ml) augmented progestin accumulation (1.5-3-fold), and synergized the
      steroidogenic action of FSH: in cells from Hx-DES rats, combined treatment with
      FSH and Ad caused a 5-10-fold increase over the values obtained with FSH alone.
      Testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, but not estradiol-17beta or estrone,
      mimicked these effects of Ad, Ad did not synergize the action of dbcAMP on
      progestin levels in Hx-DES cultures. It is proposed that androgen may play a role
      in the development of the FSH-responsive mechanism in preantral granulosa cells.

PMID- 182583
TI  - Non-specific immunity after local immunization.
AB  - The most important advantage of local immunization is the non-specific effect.
      The active protection test in mice shows an immunity against oral infection with
      virulent Salmonella typhimurium bacteria after oral immunization with
      heterologous inactivated enterobacteria. We observed the same non-specific
      protection in a viral model. After oral immunization with inactivated S.
      typhimurium bacteria, the mice are protected against oral infection with a
      virulent parapoliomyelitis virus. In the phagocytosis test after local
      immunization a non-specific effect is also demonstrated. The rate of phagocytosis
      of macrophages against streptococci rises significantly after oral immunization
      or after inhalation with heat-killed S. typhimurium bacteria.

PMID- 182584
TI  - Oral immunization against pox. Studies on fowl pox as a model.
AB  - Oral vaccination against fowl pox is both effective and harmless. A suitable
      vaccine strain is the attenuated HP-1 strain in the 200th to 400th tissue culture
      passage. For optimal immunization virus of the 200th to 270th passage level
      should be applied twice at an interval of 3 to 4 weeks. Vaccination dose should
      contain 10(7.0)TCID50.  Chickens may be effectively immunized already at 5 days.
      Immunity is against both homologous and heterologous virus and proves equally
      resistant to oral, cutaneous and intravenous challenge. Protection of mucous
      membranes of the upper respiratory and digestive tract forms faster than after
      cutaneous immunization. Compared to conventional fowl pox vaccination, drinking
      water vaccination facilitates the technicalities of vaccination; there are
      immunological advantages and risks of complications are avoided. It can therefore
      be recommended as a model for vaccination against smallpox in man.

PMID- 182585
TI  - Oral immunization against smallpox.
AB  - Attenuated vaccinia strain penetrates the mucous membranes of the oral and
      pharyngeal cavity; local lesions are not produced, even if high doses of
      attenuated virus are applied. Attenuated vaccinia virus thus offers the
      possibility of  oral and  nasal immunization against smallpox in man. Several
      groups of monkeys were immunized by the oral and nasal route. The subsequent
      challenge with virulent smallpox virus resulted in strongly mitigated clinical
      symptoms as compared to non-immunized controls. In the human, oral immunization
      with live attenuated virus was affected by the administration of virus-containing
      tablets. The procedures caused no untoward effect in primary vaccinees.
      Subsequent skin testing and conventional cutaneous vaccination resulted in
      accelerated takes, demonstrating successful oral pre-immunization.

PMID- 182587
TI  - The proposed international standard for infectious bronchitis vaccine (live).
AB  - An H-120 strain of infectious bronchitis virus was prepared in a form suitable to
      serve as an international standard for  Infectious Bronchitis Vaccine (live).
      Accelerated degradation studies carried out on this vaccine showed it to be of
      suitable stability to serve as a standard. Results from a collaborative assay
      involving ten laboratories demonstrated that the proposed standard reduced the
      variation in virus titrations both within and between laboratories. This assay
      also showed that firstly the proposed standard could be used as a reference
      vaccine for the different safety tests described by the collaborating
      laboratories, and secondly as a  reference vaccine in the different potency
      tests.

PMID- 182586
TI  - Local immunity in Newcastle disease: some recent experiments.
AB  - Following primary exposure by the ocular route to lentogenic Newcastle disease
      virus (NDV) the lacrymal fluid, saliva and tracheal washes  of three-week old
      specific pathogen free chickens acquired specific virus-neutralizing activity
      which considerably exceeded transudation of circulating antibody. All three
      secretions contain IgA which, at least in saliva, accounted for 85% of its
      activity, the remanider being due to IgG. Antibody in secretions limited, but did
      not prevent, reinfection of the trachea when birds were challenged two weeks 
      later. In contrast to an elevation of circulating antibody titre, challenge
      induced only a repeated primary response in secreted antibody. Ocular infection
      induced marked lymphoid and plasma cell activity in the Harderian gland which is
      a major source of specific antibody in lachrymal and possibly other fluids.
      Functional ablation of the gland can be effected by occlusion of its draining
      duct, providing a means for evaluation of its immunological significance.

PMID- 182588
TI  - Studies on vaccination against infectious laryngotracheitis by the drinking
      water.
AB  - The authors, after a brief reference to the wide use in the field of a mild
      vaccinal strain of infectious laryngotracheitis virus by the drinking water to
      prevent the disease, describe laboratory experiments to confirm the efficacy of
      this route of administration compared with the conventional one (ocular). Four
      groups of 7-week-old chickens were vaccinated as follows: a) ocularly with the
      normal dose, b)by instillation per os, c) by the drinking water with one dose, d)
      by the same route with ten doses; a fifth group was left as negative control. To
      compare the effect of  vaccination by the above different methods of
      administration the serum-neutralization test was used. The results obtained are
      finally discussed.

PMID- 182589
TI  - Vaccination by the non-parenteral route of virus disease in the veterinary field.
AB  - After a brief reference to the importance of the non-parenteral route of
      vaccination of domestic animals in general, the author deals, for each animal
      species separately, with the most important vaccines utilised by this method of
      administration. On the basis of bibliographical data, he describes the history of
      this use, discusses the results of the application in the field and draws the
      relative conclusions.

PMID- 182590
TI  - Comparative tests on safety and potency of IBA vaccines.
AB  - During a comparative test on the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a non
      adapted and an embryo-adapted IDA virus, following observations were made: 1) the
      non-adapted virus remained pathogenic as determined by weight loss and bursal
      lesions. Clinical signs and mortality did not occur. A change in the virulence
      did not occur during back passages; 2) the immunosuppressive effect of the non
      adapted virus was diminished by maternal antibodies; 3) the embryo-adapted virus
      produced little pathogenicity as demonstrated by minor weight depressions. The
      vaccinated birds had no recognizable pathological lesions in the bursae.
      Immunosuppression with this virus was not observed; 4) the embryo-adapted strain
      was able to induce neutralizing antibodies in birds with or without maternal
      antibodies. However, precipitins were not detected; 5) immunization with the
      embryo-adapted strain after 8 days of age was protective whereas prior to that
      age it was not confirming the age susceptibility factor reported by Hitchner
      (1971); 6) no change in virulence occurred during back passages with both test
      materials.

PMID- 182591
TI  - Infectious bursal disease vaccine: some remarks on production and control.
AB  - A vaccine against infectious bursal disease (IBD) is prepared with a strain of
      IBD virus attenuated in chicken embryos. Safety and potency tests are carried out
      on embryos and chickens susceptible to IBD virus.

PMID- 182593
TI  - The epizootiology of infectious bursal disease and prevention of it by
      immunization.
AB  - Transport of leftover feed from infectious disease (IBD) farms to susceptible
      flocks on clean premises is believed to have played an important role in the
      transmission of this disease to new farms and to new areas. Servicemen,
      caretakers, contaminated equipment and air were suspected in the spread of the
      disease, but these modes were not demonstrated. Litter, drinking water and
      samples of feed from feeders of IBD flocks were found to be infectious when added
      to rations of susceptible chickens  but were not when added to  drinking water.
      Infectious bursal agent (IBA) remained viable for at least 6 months in dry litter
      and in unused dry chicken houses for more than 1 year. IBA was found in
      circulating blood of infected chickens 36 hours after inoculation, but not after
      72 hours. Liver, spleen, thymus, kidney, pancreas and intestines were infectious
      at 72 hours. Bursa and feces were infectious from 48 hours through  7 days after
      inoculation. Tests on 4 1/2 to 6-week-old birds from 10-12 farms of each of
      several broiler complexes in three southeastern states of the U.S. revealed IBA
      present on a high percentage of farms even though none had used vaccine.
      Vaccination with modified or unmodified IBA administered to millions of 4-10-day
      old chicks gave good protection for the life of broilers and laying birds. Effect
      of IBD on development of immunity to other diseases will be discussed.

PMID- 182592
TI  - Standard  requirements for vaccines against infectious bursal disease.
AB  - A variety of criteria must be considered when examining the suitability of
      preparations of live infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus for use as vaccines:
      identity and purity of the vaccine strain, lack of spread, or of tendency to
      revert  to virulence, lack of immunosuppressive effect, safety and potency.
      Arguments as to th identity of IBD virus are well documented, and after ensuring
      that the virus strain is in fact IBD virus, it must be ascertained  that it is
      free from contaminating agents. If the vaccine strain spreads, lack of reversion
      to virulence must be determined by several direct chick to chick passages:
      histological observations of bursae from first and final  passages must be made
      to ensure that no change has occurred. In order to formulate proposals for
      standard tests of safety, lack of immunosuppressive effect and potency for IBD
      vaccines, comparative studies were made of products of different origins. Safety
      of the vaccines was assessed by observing young chicks after administration and
      measuring loss in weight gain. The effect on the bursa was judged by weighing and
      making  microscopic observations at intervals. The immunosuppressive effect of
      the vaccines  was assessed by comparing the serological and protective responses
      to subsequent Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination with the response in chicks
      given no IBD vaccine. Potency of the vaccines was determined by challenge of
      vaccinated chicks with virulent IBD virus. Various properties were found in the
      products examined. Some were concluded to be insufficiently attenuated because of
      the effect on the bird or upon its bursa and the consequent effect on the bird's
      immune competence. The ability to confer protection was not correlated with the
      degree of damage caused in the bursa. Vaccines which had no adverse effect on the
      health of the bird, caused little or no damage to the bursa and conferred
      adequate protection against challenge were considered to be of a satisfactory
      standard.

PMID- 182594
TI  - Oral immunization of ducklings with attenuated duck hepatitis virus.
AB  - Duck hepatitis, a highly fatal disease of ducklings, must be controlled in
      successful commercial duck enterprises. Several procedures which have been
      effective in controlling the disease are 1) vaccination of adult breeders with
      passive transfer of antibodies through the yolk to the duckling, 2)
      administration of antisera to ducklings at the onset of signs of disease, and 3)
      parenteral vaccination of ducklings with attenuated DH virus after the loss of
      passive immunity. However, in each of these procedures, some losses usually occur
      and the administration of antiserum or vaccine to 2- to 3-week-old ducklings is
      costly and involves physical stress. Experimental studies of oral immunization in
      ducklings from immunized and nonimmunized parents were conducted to determine the
      feasibility of a convenient control program with little stress to the ducklings.
      Ducklings immunized with attenuated live duck hepatitis virus by intramuscular
      method, oral instillation, and through the drinking water were challenged with
      virulent duck hepatitis virus either intramuscularly or orally. Intramuscular,
      oral instillation, and drinking water application all provided adequate
      protection on challenge with virulent virus. Rise in neutralizing antibody was
      detected following immunization especially in sera of ducklings from nonimmunized
      parents. On the basis of successful experimental results, over 350,000 ducklings
      from immunized parents on a commercial farm have been sucessfully vaccinated by
      the  drinking water method.

PMID- 182595
TI  - Vaccination against avian encephalomyelitis with special reference to the spray
      method.
AB  - Three vaccination methods against avian encephalomyelitis have been tested in
      different types of housing. The product used was a vaccine improved by Philips
      Duphar, having an optimal disseminative and immunogenic  capacity, and a high
      virus titer per  bird dose. We have tested: 1) administration per os in 2-5% of
      the flock, 2) administration via drinking water in the whole flock and 3) spray
      vaccination. Observations by Schneider (1967), that administration in the beak in
      part of the animals may only be satisfactory under optimal conditions, have
      herewith been confirmed. With the actual rearing on batteries, the chance of
      horizontal spreading of the vaccine virus is minimal. The two other methods of
      administration eliminate this problem. Already 3 weeks after vaccination more
      than 50% of the animals show a positive serological reaction. Later this level
      increases quickly to more than 80%, even in batteries. Under widely varying
      circumstances (concentaration of animals, ventilation, length of water tubes,
      etc) a dosage response  effect becomes apparent. The practical results obtainable
      will be dependent on the titer of the vaccine, care while vaccinating and
      conditions of housing.

PMID- 182596
TI  - Application of the turkey herpesvirus vaccine  by the aerogenic route for the
      prevention of Marek's disease.
AB  - Recently in laboratory and field trials, birds were vaccinated with cell-free HVT
      vaccine by aerosol spray. In laboratory trials, birds vaccinated by aerosol spray
      were as well protected against challenge with virulent MD (GA isolate) as those
      vaccinated by subcutaneous inoculation. Birds were vaccinated with a sprayer
      (Spraying Systems Company, Wheaton, Illinois) which  emits a particle size in
      which 90% are less than microns. The chicks were sprayed with 1,000 to 10,000 PFU
      per bird dose and remained in contact with the aerosol for 30-60 min. Turkey
      herpesvirus was isolated from the blood or kidney of these birds as early as 7 to
      10 days postvaccination. In field trials approximately 300,000 birds have been
      vaccinated by aerosol spray with between 2,000 to 5, 000 PFU of cell-free HVT
      vaccine per chick. Chicks were sprayed while they were in the trays of the
      hatchers which still contained the dust  and down which remained after hatching.
      Prior to spraying, the incoming and outgoing aid ducts were closed. The chicks
      were sprayed for 12-15 min with 250-300 ml of diluent, and after completion of
      spraying the  chicks remained in contact with tha aerosol for an additional 5 to
      8 min. In the birds vaccinated by aerosol spray the incidence of MD in the
      processing plant varied from 0.0% to 23.4%, while the incidence of MD in birds
      vaccinated by subcutaneous inoculation varied from 0.02 to 23.9%. Overall the
      incidence of MD in birds vaccinated by aerosol spray was essentially the same as
      those vaccinated  by subcutaneous inoculation.

PMID- 182597
TI  - Immunity studies in  calves vaccinated with a multivalent live respiratory
      vaccine composed of I.B.R., parainfluenza 3 and bovine adenovirus type 3.
AB  - The persistence of systemic and local antibodies was studied after two intranasal
      administrations of the vaccine, six weeks apart. Systemic antibodies to I.B.R.
      and adenovirus 3 evoked by the vaccine were still present 21 weeks following the
      second dose of the vaccine. Inconslusive results were obtained regarding the
      persistence of systemic and local PI-3 antibodies because of an intercurrent
      natureal PI-3 infection occurring during the observation period. Local antibodies
      to adenovirus type 3 were found in a high percentage of vaccinated animals 21
      weeks after the second  dose of the vaccine, whereas local antibodies to I.B.R.
      remained detectable in 50% of the animals eight weeks after thesecond  dose. The
      results of a challenge study 21 weeks after revaccination show that the presence
      of local and systemic antibodies prevent the multiplication of PI-3 and BAV-3 in
      the upper respiratory tract. Protection against I.B.R. was achieved in the
      absence of detectable local antibodies.

PMID- 182598
TI  - Further studies on the neonatal ferret model of infection and immunity to and
      attenuation of human parainfluenza viruses.
AB  - Earlier we reported on the susceptibility via the intranasal route of inoculation
      of newborn ferrets to infection by wild and serially egg passaged parainfluenza
      type 3 virus. The wild type consistently induced fatal infection whereas with
      serial egg passage, mortality rate decreased while the degree of infectivity
      remained the same. This attenuation was accompanied by a change in capacity to
      induce interferon and decreased growth in human and primate cell cultures. The
      present work reports, similarly, on the susceptibility of newborn ferrets to wild
      and serially egg passaged parainfluenza types 1 and 2. Wild type infections
      caused significantly greater mortality than did egg passaged materials, although
      infectivity rates were approximately the same. Wild and egg passaged strains
      produced silent infections in adult ferrets and induced specific circulating
      hemagglutinin inhibiting antibodies. Newborn offspring of  dams inoculated with
      wild or egg passaged viruses resisted challenge with wild virus. The apparent
      attenuation of the wild type virus with serial egg passage viruses resisted
      challenge with wild virus. The apparent attenuation of the wild type virus with
      serial egg passage was correlated with alteration in cell culture host range and
      capacity  to induce interferon. The low and mid level passages of types 1 and 3
      were the subject of clinical vaccination trials in man in four age groups: 18-35
      years, 14-16 years and 6-12 years. The clinical and serologic results of these
      studies will be reported  elsewhere.

PMID- 182599
TI  - Intranasal vaccination of cattle against IBR and PI3: field and laboratory
      observations in dairy, beef, and neonatal calf  populations.
AB  - The author first summarizes the development of intranasal vaccination by Nasalgen
      P and particularly Nasalgen IP, previously reported, and then reviews present
      knowledge regarding safety and efficacy of Nasalgen IP in feeder calves, dairy
      animals and neonates. The minimal immunogenic dose is evaluated, as well as the
      secretory antibody response and the development of interferon. Two studies are
      reported on the transmission from vaccinates to susceptible non-vaccinates and
      the evaluation of the potential to revert to a more virulent form. An important
      part is devoted to the latest studies carried out which confirm that wide
      acceptance should be given to the intranasal vaccination of cattle.

PMID- 182601
TI  - Comparative studies on parenteral and intranasal inoculation of an attenuated
      feline herpes virus.
AB  - Using a temperature sensitive mutant of feline herpes virus, comparative studies
      were carried out regarding efficacy of the intramuscular and the intranasal
      routes of administration of virus in inducing resistance to feline
      rhinotracheitis disease. Susceptible adult animals and kittens with and without
      parental immunity were used. Resistance to disease was measured by serological
      and challenge methods. Results in terms of rapidity or induced resistance or
      immunity as well as the degree and duration of immunity are discussed.

PMID- 182600
TI  - Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine. Efficacy assay of an intramammary use
      vaccine.
AB  - TGE seronegative pregnant gilts were vaccinated by intramammary inoculations with
      a chemically inactivated (betapropiolactone) cell culture virus vaccine and their
      nursing pigs were exposed to virus at three days of age. The pig morbidity and
      survival rates were compared with those of pigs nursing gilts exposed orally to
      virulent TGE virus during late gestation and  also with pigs nursing non
      vaccinated seronegative sows. The morbidity rates were 100%, 19% and 19%, while
      the survival rates were 33%, 100% and 17% respectively. The intramammary vaccine
      used to vaccinate pregnant gilts in this study did not stimulate sufficient
      antibody response to provide an acceptable level of protection to nursing pigs
      against experimental challenge with virulent TGE virus. The serum, colostrum and
      milk TGE neutralizing antibody responses are reported.

PMID- 182602
TI  - Effectiveness of orally administered Bordetella pertussis vaccine in mice.
AB  - Oral administration of killed Bordetella pertussis organisms to mice results in
      increased  resistance to an intracerebral infection with virulent B. pertussis
      cells. The rate of survival is dependent on the dose of antigen. But besides
      specific systemic immunity, which is persistent over a long period, also
      transient non-specific resistance is increased. These effects are evidently
      induced without penetration of bacterial substances into the circulation.

PMID- 182603
TI  - Preliminary results with an oral application of killed Purtussis bacteria in
      newborn infants.
AB  - Newborn babies have been vaccinated orally on five consecutive days, with 5
      droplets of a vaccine containing 10(11) killed Bordetella pertussis. Eight out of
      twelve subjects showed antibody titres varying between 1:20 and 1:80.

PMID- 182604
TI  - Effects of early experience on the metabolism and production of corticosterone in
      rats.
AB  - Rats were handled for 3 min daily for 3 weeks before or after weaning or were
      left totally undisturbed. At 80 days of age, animals from each group were
      selected for corticosterone half-life determination. Adrenal tissue from thr
      remaining animals was incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of ACTH.
      Handled and unmanipulated animals did nto differ in half-life or in
      adrenocortical output. These data do not support the hypothesis that the reduced
      adrenocortical reactivity that results from manipulating animals is due to either
      the metabolsim of corticosterone or the response of the adrenal cortex to ACTH.

PMID- 182605
TI  - Individual consistency in behavioral states in neonates.
AB  - In this study we identified consistent characteristics of the sleep-wake state of
      newborn infants. Forty-one normal, full-term infants were observed in a warmer
      skin temperature maintained at 36.1 degree C--located in a sound-attenuated room
      for 1 hr during 2 successive mid-feeding periods. The infant's state was recorded
      on a check-list every 10 sec using the following categories for sleep and
      wakefulness: Quiet Sleep A, Quiet Sleep B, Active Sleep Without REM, Active Sleep
      With REM, Active Sleep With Dense REM, Drowsy, Alert Inactivity, WAKING Activity,
      Fussing, Crying, and Indefinite State. Immediately following the completion of
      each observation, the 2 observers made independent judgments of the degree of
      organization shown by the infant, using a 6-point scale. Over the two 1-hr
      observations, only Quiet Sleep A, Quiet Sleep B, and Crying showed any
      consistency. Active Sleep as typically defined showed no consistency whatsoever.
      However, 2 of the 3 components of Active Sleep were significantly reliability
      measures for the 2 observations; in sleeping infants all 3 components of active
      sleep showed high reliability. These results indicate that Active Sleep may be a
      composite of at least 3 meaningful categories. To look at overall state
      organization in the neonate, including both sleep and wake states, we considered
      Active Sleep as 3 separate states and then combined the resulting 11 behavioral
      states into derived clusters such that each combination of states showed a test
      retest reliability above .52. With these 5 state clusters we viewed each infant's
      state behaviors in terms of a profile depicting the percent of time spent in each
      state cluster. We found a close association between these profiles and the
      subjective judgments of sleep-wake state organization made by the observers. The
      results clearly indicate that a 1-hr observation provides reliable information on
      individual sleep-wake states in the newborn.

PMID- 182606
TI  - Standardization fo a digestion-filtration method for isolation of pancreatic
      islets.
AB  - Standardization of a technic for isolating large numbers of pancreatic islets is
      described. This procedure employed collagenase digestion of rat pancreatic tissue
      in a cylindrical wire screen in order to separate isolated islets from undigested
      pancreas. From this basic protocol the following conditions were established: (1)
      the duration of the initial digestion period was found to be optimal at six
      minutes; (2) three subsequent digestions of one minute each effected maximum
      islet yield; (3) the optimal initial collagenase concentration was found to be
      1,000 U. (Worthington)/ml.; and (4) proper reductions of collagenase
      concentrations during the three subsequent digestions were found to be 50 per
      cent of each preceding incubation period. This method, combined with Ficoll
      gradient separation, yielded a mean of 800 islets per two rat pancreases. The
      isolated islets appeared morphologically intact, contained 0.36 +/- 0.05 mug.
      protein/islet, and demonstrated a normal biphasic release of insulin in response
      to stimulative levels of D-glucose. The present method provides a means for
      obtaining a large mass of viable islet cell tissue in a short time.

PMID- 182607
TI  - Incorporation of 75Se-selenomethionine into human apoproteins. III. Kinetic
      behavior of isotopically labeled plasma apoprotein in man.
AB  - The metabolism of lipoprotein-apoprotein was examined in four subjects with
      normal lipid metabolism and in one subject with type II hyperlipemia by means of
      isotopic tracer methodology. Studies were performed after intravenous injection
      of a radioactive amino acid precursor for apoprotein synthesis (75Se
      selenomethionine), in both the basal state and following the acute injection of
      intravenous heparin. Computer technics were used to evaluate a series of
      multicompartmental models, and a general model is proposed that yields optimum
      fitting of experimental data for serum free amino acid precursor, very-low
      density lipoprotein-apoprotein (VLD-apoprotein), and low-density lipoprotein
      apoprotein (LDL-apoprotein) in man. The analysis demonstrates that approximately
      half of the transport of 75Se-apoVLDL from the plasma VLDL pool is converted to
      75Se-apoLDL. The acute injection of heparin in two normal subjects results in a
      two-and-a-half-fold increase in this rate of conversion of 75Se-apoVLDL to 75Se
      apoLDL. 75Se-apoLDL is metabolized by rapid transport into a recycling
      extravascular pool and by irreversible catabolism. The fractional rate of
      recycling is large relative to the fractional rate of catabolism of apoLDL
      (3.7:1.0), suggesting extravascular recycling as a potential site of regulation
      of the plasma concentration of apoLDL. In a patient with type II hyperlipemia,
      the extravascular recycling pathway is reduced and is not corrected with D
      thyroxine therapy. However, this therapy did reduce conversion of apoVLDL to
      apoLDL in this type II patient. The kinetic data support the validity of the
      compartmental model in simulating both normal and pathologic apoprotein
      metabolism and that perturbation of physiology seen with heparin injection and D
      thyroxine therapy. These data support a quantitative role of apoVLDL as a
      precursor of apoLDL and identify an important recycling pathway of apoLDL
      metabolism in addition to that of catabolism.

PMID- 182609
TI  - Effects of stress and ACTH on plasma corticosterone levels in the caiman Caiman
      crocodilus.

PMID- 182610
TI  - Immunohistochemical detection, by light and electron microscopy, of pituitary
      hormones in cold-blooded vertebrates. II. Reptiles.

PMID- 182611
TI  - The stimulatory effect of hypothalamic and mesencephalic tissue on the interrenal
      of tadpoles of Xenopus laevis Daudin.

PMID- 182608
TI  - Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of cyclic AMP on pancreatic glucagon release
      from monolayer cultures and the controlling role of calcium.
AB  - When glucagon release from monolayer cultures of newborn rat pancreas was
      measured over four hours in media containing 2.5 mM Ca++, a significant cyclic
      AMP-related inhibition of release was observed. This was noted whether
      intracellular cyclic AMP levels were raised by the addition of exogenous cyclic
      AMP or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, by phosphodiesterase inhibition with theophylline,
      or by the stimulation of adenylate cyclase with cholera toxin. The inhibition was
      concentration dependent for cyclic AMP and could not be reproduced by the
      addition of AMP, ADP or ATP. Adenosine also inhibited glucagon release while ATP
      was stimulatory. From time course studies it appeared that the inhibitory effects
      of cyclic AMP and cholera toxin were progressive after two hours of incubation.
      With cholera toxin an early stimulation of glucagon release was observed. The
      effects of cyclic AMP and cholera toxin on arginine-stimulated glucagon release
      were to stimulate further the glucagon release during the first hour of the
      incubation. Thus, the effects of raising intracellular cyclic AMP levels were
      biphasic in that both an early stimulation and a late inhibition of glucagon
      release were observed. In examining the nature of these responses a remarkable
      controlling role for Ca++ was uncovered: at Ca concentrations of 0.3 mM and lower
      no effect of cyclic AMP on glucagon release was found. With 1 mM Ca++ in the
      medium cyclic AMP stimulated glucagon release early (30 min) and thereafter had
      no further effect. In the presence of 2.5 mM Ca++ cyclic AMP did not stimulate
      early but did cause the delayed inhibition of release. It is concluded that the
      effect of cyclic AMP on glucagon release can be either stimulatory or inhibitory
      depending upon the Ca++ concentration of the medium and the duration of exposure
      to raised cyclic AMP levels.

PMID- 182612
TI  - In vitro trophic action of ACTH and insulin upon adrenocortical enzymes of the
      squaliform elasmobranch Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre).

PMID- 182613
TI  - Adrenocortical control of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase and monoamine
      oxidase activity in the ground squirrel (Citellus citellus) during the summer.

PMID- 182614
TI  - [In vitro induction of numerical changes in the karyotype of normal and
      transformed Djungarian and Chinese hamster cells].
AB  - The comparative study of the frequency of colcemid-induced aneuploidy and
      polyploidy in cultured normal and transformed cells of Djungarian hamster is
      described. The occurrence of variants with changed chromosome number is much
      higher in populations of SV40-transformed cell line (4/21) than in normal
      embryonic cultures. In transformed lines of Djungarian and Chinese hamsters (4/21
      and V-79) the frequency of cells with changed chromosome number was found to be
      dependent on the culture density: the percentage of polyploids was 4-5-fold
      higher when the number of seeded cells was 2-fold lower. The highest number (18
      29%) of hypermodal cells was produced at drug concentrations of 0.02-0.025
      mkg/ml. The percengate of polyploids under these conditions reached 10-20. At
      further increase of colcemid concentrations the proportion of polyploid cells
      increased. In Djungarian hamster embryonic cell cultures there were single cells
      with changed chromosome numbers at a concentration of the drug of 0.015-0.1
      mkg/ml.

PMID- 182615
TI  - [Mutagenesis under the influence of simian virus 40 (SV40). II. Induction of
      mutations for resistance to analogs of purine bases in human and Chinese hamster
      cells].
AB  - Induction of gene mutations by SV40 was studied in aneuploid human and Chinese
      hamster cell lines. It is shown that SV40 penetrates into the cells studied and
      induces the T-antigen synthesis. The efficiency of the infection in Chinese
      hamster cells was tested additionally by the ability of infected cells to form
      colonies in the medium lacking serum growth factor. The maximal number of colony
      forming cells was detected 24 hours after the infection. By culturing cells in
      factor-free medium a Chinese hamster cell subline was isolated, which proved to
      synthetize T-antigen within 60 days after the virus treatment. This is regarded
      as an indirect proof of the integration of viral genome into the cell genome. The
      increased frequency of mutants resistant to 60 mkg/ml of 8-azaquanine (human
      cells) and to 15 or 30 mkg/ml of 6-mercaptopurine (hamster cells) was observed on
      the 1-4th days following the infection. The analysis of the results of all
      experiments taken together revealed that the induction is highly significant
      according to Wilcoxon (greater than 0.99). The resistance of the isolated clones
      proved to be stable after the prolonged culturing under non-selective conditions.
      It is suggested that viral genome integration, gene mutations and chromosome
      aberrations may have common molecular mechanisms. The role of gene mutations in
      virus-induced carcinogenesis and tumour progression is discussed.

PMID- 182616
TI  - [Effect of fluorofur on the chromosomes of normal and tumorous Djungarian hamster
      cells].

PMID- 182617
TI  - [Genetics and phenogenetics of the hormonal characteristics of animals. II.
      Changes in the reactivity of the pituitary-adrenal system and influence of the
      sex glands in selection of silver-black foxes by behavior].
AB  - Seasonal changes in the reactivity of adrenal cortex to ACTH and of the pituitary
      adrenal system to psychic stress in intact and castrated domesticated (tame) and
      non-domesticated (non-tame) silver foxes of both sexes were studied. It is
      demonstrated that in tame foxes there are differences among the intact and
      castrated animal in their reaction to ACTH and psychic stress. These differences
      are maifested especially in autumn (September, October) which is the period of
      extra-seasonal sexual activity for domesticated animals. This points to the fact
      that the sex glands exert a great influence on the condition of central
      regulating mechanisms of the pituitary-adrenal complex and that the selection of
      silver foxes for tame behaviour changes the functional state of these mechanisms
      through the change of the functional state of the sex glands.

PMID- 182618
TI  - [Use of sand cultures in setting standards for chemical substances in soil].

PMID- 182619
TI  - [Protective effect of cytochrome C in carbon tetrachloride poisoning].

PMID- 182621
TI  - [Chemotherapy of breast cancer].

PMID- 182620
TI  - [State of health of workers in the present-day manufacture of acrylionitrile].

PMID- 182622
TI  - Evidence for the absorption of bile acids in the proximal small intestine of
      normo- and hyperlipidaemic subjects.
AB  - Bile acid composition was determined in duodenal and jejunal aspirates obtained
      under fasting conditions in normolipidaemic controls and in patients with the
      type IIa and type IV lipoprotein patterns. In 17 out of the 22 subjects studied,
      the duodenal as compared with the jejunal aspirates contained proportionally more
      CD (chenodeoxycholic acid) than C (cholic acid). The two types of aspirates also
      differed slightly with regard to the D (deoxycholic acid): CD ratio, which was
      higher in samples drawn from the jejunum. These findings, compatible with an
      absorpiton of about 30% of CD in the upper small intestine, were approximately
      the same in all groups of patients. As evidenced by additional experiments in two
      subjects, an oral intake of cream does not significantly influence the absorption
      of CD in the upper small intestine.

PMID- 182623
TI  - [Effect of aldosterone and ACTH administration on fluctuation of 5-HT content of
      the brain and pentobarbital anesthesia in adrenalectomized rats].
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine whether or not adrenalectomy
      influences anesthesia and increase in brain 5-HT induced by pentobarbital and if
      such is the case, whether or not aldosterone or ACTH inhibit the effect of
      adrenalectomy. Male Wistar rats were adrenalectomized or sham-operated and
      injected with aldosterone (20mug5hg i.p.), ACTH (5.0 mg/kg i.p.) or the vehicle
      (1.0 ml/kg i.p.) everyday for 1 week after a postoperative interval of 3 days.
      These rats ware given a normal diet and 1% saline approximately 5% glucose
      solution. Animals were injected with pentobatbital (50 mg/kg i.p.) 18 hr after
      the last injection of each hormone. It was found that adrenalectomy enhanced
      "pentobarbital-anesthesia", although there was no such effect in the
      adrenalectomized rats pretreated with each hormone. Adrenalectomy inhibited an
      increase of 5-HT in the brain after pentobarbital, but the hormone pretreatment
      to those rats did not antagonize the inhibition of the 5-HT increase.

PMID- 182624
TI  - Clinical application of somatosensory cerebral evoked response for the
      localization and the level diagnosis of neuronal lesions.
AB  - A new SER recording system using the bilateral simultaneous peripheral nerve
      stimulation on cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments was found to be helpful as
      a diagnostic aid for the localization and the level diagnosis of sensory neuronal
      lesions including peripheral nerves. SER abnormalities were observed in 32
      (76.2%) of the 42 cases with cerebrovascular disease, in 11 (64.7%) of the 17
      cases with spinal cord lesions and 12 (75.0%) of the 16 cases with peripheral
      nerve lesions. As an interesting finding, marked SER abnormalities corresponding
      with the level and the distribution of the lesions were observed in cases with
      spinal cord tumor, myelopathy and polyneuropathy. In a case with recurrent
      myelitis, lesions of different levels of spinal cord were suggested from the SER
      changes. The recording system gives also valuable information about chronological
      modifications of the lesions, and may reveal subclinical neuronal damage in a
      certain neurological disorder.

PMID- 182625
TI  - An anatomicopathological approach to the study of articular aging.
AB  - Bone and joint aging results from the combined action of various metabolic and
      mechanical factors. Osteoarticular aging produces primary changes in bone
      (intrinsic rarefaction, but also extrinsic osteogenesis), cartilage, synovial
      membrane, and tendon. The association of these primary changes can result
      basically in three anatomicopathological entities: hyperostosis and osteophytes
      at tendon insertions, senile remodeling, and osteoarthritic remodeling. Some of
      these entities are asymptomatic. Others form part of nosologic entities such as
      osteoarthritis and various types of joint pain and stiffness. The standard
      methods of morbid anatomy provide a link between clinical findings and modern
      research methods. By separating nosology and morphology they permit a better
      analysis of the boundaries and transitions between articular "aging" and
      "disease". With advancing age, osteoarthritis becomes increasingly frequent but
      not inevitable.

PMID- 182626
TI  - [Diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Value of x-ray findings for the diagnosis of
      carcinoma in situ of the breast from the clinical point of view].
AB  - The x-rays-results of 35 mammae with a carcinoma in situ are presented and
      compared with those of 2 groups without carcinoma. In contradiction to invasive
      malignancies the carcinoma in situ do not show pathognomonic signs on x-ray
      examination. However, suspicion is raised by the appearance of
      microcalcifications and by striped differences in tissue density. These findings
      should compell to perform a biopsy, even though the clinical and roentgenologic
      findings may otherwise suggest a fibrocystic disease. Therefore, provided the
      discrete signs described in this paper are carefully considered, the technique of
      mammography may contribute to the pre-operative presumptive diagnosis of
      carcinoma in situ.

PMID- 182628
TI  - [Melanotic progonoma. Report of two cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 182627
TI  - [Directed chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases. Significance of the purine-de novo
      synthesis and cyclic AMP in normal and leukemic leukocytes].
AB  - Studies on purine de novo-synthesis and cyclic AMP in normal and pathologic
      leukocytes. The destruction of neoplastic cells by cytostatic agents depends on
      the existence of metabolic reactions within the cells which can be specifically
      blocked by these agents. Concerning the action of purine antagonists there is, as
      yet, no clear evidence whether de novo synthesis of purines takes place in normal
      as well as in leukemic leukocytes. Therefore studies were performed to evaluate
      the capacity of these cells to incorporate the purine precursor, glycine, into
      their acid-soluble adenine nucleotides. The results demonstrate that "resting"
      human lymphocytes are not capable of building purines de novo. However,
      stimulation of the cells with a mitogen (Phytohemagglutinin) leads to the
      induction of de novo purine synthesis. Leukemic cells do not show uniform
      behaviour. In order to get more information about the mechanisms by which
      synthesis of purines as well as the morphologic transformation of lymphocytes may
      be induced, the metabolism of cyclic AMP was investigated. According to our
      results the nucleotide does not play an essential role in initiating the
      transformation process, but it seems to have regulating function in the further
      development of cell transformation. The studies furthermore indicate an important
      role of cyclic AMP during proliferation of leukemic cells.

PMID- 182629
TI  - Interactions of glucagon and related peptides with chicken adipose tissue.
AB  - The effect of glucagon, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP), secretin and gut
      glucagon on the cyclic adenosine 3'5' monophosphate (cAMP) level, and on the
      specific binding of these 125I-peptides to the adipocyte plasma membrane was
      measured in chicken adipocytes and compared to the results obtained in rat
      adipocytes. The displacement of 125I-glucagon from its specific sites was
      observed with about the same concentration of unlabeled hormone in fat cell
      plasma membranes of both species. However, the rise in cAMP induced by glucagon
      was much higher in chicken than in rat adipocytes. In chicken fat cells unlike
      rat fat cells, the cAMP accumulation elicited by glucagon was maintained during
      at least 60 min even in the absence of theophylline. Theophylline at 1-10 mM
      potentiated the glucagon-stimulated cAMP levels in rat fat cells, but had only a
      slight effect, if any, in chicken adiposyces. Porcine VIP, secretin or gut
      glucagon exerted no detectable action on the cAMP level of chicken adipocytes.
      The lack of cAMP accumulation was in good agreement with the absence of binding
      of 125I-VIP and 125I-secretin by chicken plasma membranes. These findings suggest
      that: 1) the difference of glucagon effect in rat and chicken fat cells results
      from variations in the rate of degradation of cAMP rather than from differences
      in the specific binding of glucagon between the two species; 2) the use of
      chicken fat cells is suitable to discriminate between glucagon and structurally
      related peptides from mammals.

PMID- 182630
TI  - Influence of the assay conditions on the lipolytic potency in vitro of different
      adrenocorticotrophins.
AB  - The lipolytic activity of ACTH-(1-39) and ACTH-(1-24) in vitro has been compared
      on a molar basis in assays performed with both adipose-tissue slices and isolated
      fat cells. In the tissue-slice assay ACTH-(1-24) displayed 29% of the potency of
      ACTH-(1-39), whereas in the isolated-cell assay, ACTH-(1-24) was 3.9 times more
      potent than the longer peptide. This discrepancy seems to be due to the fact that
      ACTH-peptides are inactivated in the adipose-tissue-slice assay, but remain
      stable in the isolated-fat-cell assay. ACTH-(1-24) is inactivated more rapidly
      than ACTH-(1-39). Pre-incubation and washing of the tissue slices removes the
      inactivating principle, which most likely consists of peptidases, and their
      responsiveness is increased, so that both ACTH-peptides display similar lipolytic
      activity to that seen in the isolated-cell system. Comparison of the
      responsiveness of isolated fat cells and isolated adrenal cells indicates that
      the affinity of ACTH for the receptor of adrenal cells is approximately 100 times
      greater than its affinity for the fat-cell receptor.

PMID- 182631
TI  - Isolated corticotrophin-deficiency found through alcohol-induced hypoglycemic
      coma.
AB  - A case of hypoglycemic coma after alcohol ingestion was observed in a chronic
      alcoholic. Upon close examination isolated corticotrophin-deficiency was found.
      It is suggested that ethanol-induced hypoglycemia may be consistent with
      dysfunction of mitochondria in hepatic cells and that there may be disorder of
      the hypothalamus in the chronic drinker.

PMID- 182632
TI  - Urinary cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in diabetic subjects with and
      without symptomatic hypoglycemia and in normal subjects with insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia.
AB  - Urinary cAMP was investigated in diabetic subjects. It was found normal in
      patients on oral antidiabetics and on insulin in good or poor control. Patients
      with insulin-induced symptomatic hypoglycemia, however, excreted increased
      amounts of cAMP in the urine. To demonstrate the significance of hypoglycemia we
      induced hypoglycemia by i.v.-injection of 0.15 U insulin/kg body weight in six
      normal subjects. An increase of urinary cAMP was found even during the first 15
      minutes with maximal hypoglycemia. Determination of urinary cAMP seems to be
      helpful in the diagnosis of unrecognized hypoglycemia and counterregulation.

PMID- 182633
TI  - Long-term treatment of acromegaly with bromocryptine: postprandial HGH levels and
      response to TRH and glucose administration.
AB  - Fourteen patients with acromegaly were treated with bromocryptine (CB 154,
      Sandoz), 4 X 2.5 mg, for periods of up to eleven months. One patient did not
      tolerate the drug, ten of the remaining thirteen experienced considerable
      clinical improvement. There was a dose-dependent suppression of plasma growth
      hormone levels, but growth hormone response to TRH injection and to glucose
      administration was still present during therapy although reduced. TSH response to
      TRH was not significantly altered. The suppressive power of bromocryptine on
      growth hormone appears to be related to the mechanism by which TRH stimulates
      growth hormone secretion in acromegaly, but long-term administration of this drug
      may be successful in spite of an absent response to TRH in some cases.
      Bromocryptine appears to be a safe and effective drug for the treatment of
      acromegaly.

PMID- 182634
TI  - Effect of an oral contraceptive on the lysine-8-vasopressin test in the
      diagnostic evaluation of pituitary function.
AB  - A comparative study was performed on the plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11
      OHCS) responses to lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP) before and during ingestion of an
      oral contraceptive wieh oestrogenic activity. A total of 19 healthy women with a
      normal menstrual cycle and normal plasma 11-OHCS content in blood samples at 8
      a.m. and 4 p.m. were included in the study. The results show that the mean
      response of plasma 11-OHCS to the administration of LVP was equal in magnitude
      before and during ingestion of the contraceptive, although the baseline value of
      11-OHCS doubled as a result of the treatment. On the other hand, during
      contraceptive treatment the increase of plasma 11-OHCS concentration after the
      administration of LVP was somewhat slower, reaching its peak later than before
      treatment. The noticeable variation in individual responses of plasma 11-OHCS to
      LVP increased during the treatment. Three subjects showed weak responses to LVP,
      although the adrenocortical responses to exogenous ACTH were quite normal. The
      inidvidual responses to LVP before and during ingestion of an oral contraceptive
      with oestrogenic activity are discussed.

PMID- 182635
TI  - Studies in vivo on the effects of parathyroid hormone upon kidney cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content using rapid tissue fixation by microwave
      irradiation.
AB  - Microwave irradiation is shown to be a useful method for simultaneously killing
      chicks and fixing tissues. Renal adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase
      activities were rapidly abolished by microwaving. The increase in chick kidney
      cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content produced by intravenous
      bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) injection was much greater in microwaved birds
      than in those killed by cervical dislocation with subsequent tissue fixation in
      liquid nitrogen. After PTH injection there was a prolonged elevation of renal
      cyclic AMP content. At the time of maximum response (2 minutes), log. dose
      response curves were linear in the dose range 0.1-10 U. The responses to three
      different bovine PTH preparations were indistinguishable. Arginine vasopressin,
      arginine vasotocin, salmon calcitonin and prostaglandin E1 did not affect kidney
      cyclic AMP content within 2 minutes. Because of its specificity and precision,
      the method is of use for the in vivo bioassay of PTH. Injection of CaCl2 (20
      mumoles) 1 minute before, or conjointly with, bovine PTH inhibited the subsequent
      increase in kidney cyclic AMP content. The synthetic bovine PTH peptide fragments
      BPTH (1-34) and BPTH (2-34) both increased chick kidney cyclic AMP content. The
      use of such fragments allows investigation of the structural requirements of PTH
      for interaction with the systems regulating cyclic AMP metabolism in the kidney
      in vivo.

PMID- 182636
TI  - Failure of indomethacin to affect adrenal responsiveness to ACTH in vitro.

PMID- 182637
TI  - Purification and characterization of N-acetylneuraminate lyase from Clostridium
      perfringens.
AB  - Clostridium perfringens cells were cultivated on a large scale using an automatic
      system. 2) N-Acetylneuraminate lyase, which is a cytosolic enzyme, was liberated
      from the bacteria by cell lysis using lysozyme in hypotonic solution. The enzyme
      was purified 770-fold by precepitation with ammonium sulfate, filtration on
      Sephadex A-50 and final preparative electrophoresis in a 7.5% polyacrylamide gel.
      Yield: 12 mg from 1 kg wet cell paste; specific activity: 167 nkat/mg protein. 3)
      The enzyme preparation appeared homogeneous in analytical disc electrophoresis,
      in gel electrophroesis in 0.1% sodium dodecylsulfate or 8m urea and in
      immunoelectrophoresis. Contaminating enzyme activities were not detected. 4) The
      isoelectric point of pH 4.7 was found for the enzyme. At 278 nm a molar
      extinction coefficient of 6.4 x 10(4)M-1 Xcm-1 was determined. The enzyme
      exhibited a Km value for N-acetylneuraminic acid of 2.8mM at its pH optimum of pH
      7.2. The pH dependence of the Km value gives evidence that an ionizing guoup in
      the active center of the enzyme with  a pKe value of 6.4 may be involved in the
      catalytic reaction. Pyruvate inhibited the cleavage reaction of N
      acetylneuraminic acid competitively; Ki = 2.9mM. 5) An average molecular weight
      of 99200 was determined for the native enzyme using different methods. After
      denaturation in sokium dodecylsulfate or urea, a mean molecular weight of only
      50000 could be demonstrated, indicating the existence of two enzyme subunits. The
      lyase molecule was shown by electron microscopy, using a negative staining
      technique, to consist of two hemispherical parts. 6) Two active sites per native
      enzyme molecule, probably corresponding to one active site per subunit, were
      found by incubation of the enzyme with radioactive pyruvate followed by
      borohydride reduction. The results obtained from chemical modification of the
      lyase with 5-diazonium-1H-tetrazole and iodocaetamide under various conditionsare
      interpreted as evidence for the presence of two reactive histidine residues in
      the enzyme molecule. It is probable that one residue per subunit forms the
      nucleophilic group participating in enzyme catalysis. A model suggesting the
      mechanism of reversible cleavage of N-acylneuraminic acids by the lyase is
      presented.

PMID- 182638
TI  - [Coenzym properties of some Ade-1- and Ade-N6-substituted NAD derivatives
      (author's transl)].
AB  - By reaction of NAD with different oxiranes or with aziridine, derivatives of the
      coenzyme are obtained with substituents in position 1 or on the amino group in
      position 6 of the adenine ring. While the Ade-1-substituted derivatives show high
      Km values with different dehydrogenases and are reduced only very slowly by these
      enzymes, the coenzyme derivatives substituted at the amino group behave very
      similarly to NAD. Correlations were found between coenzyme efficiency of the
      compounds and the lipophilic character of their substituents. The results can be
      interpreted from the structure of the active site of the dehydrogenases
      investigated.

PMID- 182639
TI  - Placental enzyme polymorphisms in Canadian populations.
AB  - Phenotype distributions and allele frequencies of adenylate kinase and esterase D
      were determined for four Canadian populations. In two population samples from
      south-western Ontario, allele frequencies at both loci were similar to those of
      European populations. In two northern, indigenous populations, the allele AK2 was
      not detected. There was variation at the EsD locus with EsD2 having a frequency
      of 0.176 in an Indian population, and 0.156 in an Eskimo population.

PMID- 182640
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate binding proteins in Hartmannella
      culbertsoni.

PMID- 182641
TI  - A role for cAMP in the preparation of human platelets for the extraction of
      histocompatibility antigens.

PMID- 182643
TI  - Genetic role of rat macrophage cytotoxicity against tumor.
AB  - Macrophages from the Lewis (Le) rat strain are significantly more cytotoxic to a
      Moloney sarcoma tumor both in vivo and in vitro, than are macrophages from the
      Brown Norway (BN) strain. Activity of macrophages from (Le x BN)F1 rats that are
      histocompatible with the Moloney sarcoma tumor is directed toward tumor and/or
      virus-associated antigens and is expressed as a dominant genetic trait.
      Experiments with backcross rats suggest that the genetic factors are unrelated to
      the major histocompatibility locus (AgB) of the rats. BN microphages, although
      not active against tumor and/or viral antigens, can become cytotoxic to cells
      displaying Le alloantigens.

PMID- 182642
TI  - A sensitive and reproducible assay for the quantitation of erythrophagocytosis
      and its correlation with reduction in tritiated thymidine uptake in a tumor
      target cell system modified by immunoenhancing or immunosuppressive agents.
AB  - A new and sensitive assay procedure for studying erythrophagocytosis is
      described. The assay technique permits quantitation of the in vivo and in vitro
      effects of chemicals, hormones, and cell, or microbrial products, on the level of
      phagocytic activation of glass-adherent cells. The effect of intraperitoneal
      injection of BCG, Zymosan, Vitamin A, B. pertussis, cortisone, estrone, and
      thioglycollate on phagocytic activation of peritoneal exudate cells harvested
      from two days up to 28 days following drug injection was examined by this assay.
      Erythrophagocytosis was compared to the effect of "activated" spleen cells on
      tritiated thymidine uptake of a tumor target cell suspension.

PMID- 182644
TI  - Interactions of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) with isolated lymphocytes. I. Virus
      replication in lymphocytes infected with Friend virus and cultures in diffusion
      chambers in vivo.
AB  - A new technique for infection of mature lymphocytes with murine leukemia virus
      (Friend) MuLV-F) is described. Spleen cells for normal, non-infected donors were
      placed into diffusion chambers (constructed with 0.22 mum por size Millipore
      filters) which were then implanted into the peritoneal cavities of normal
      syngeneic recipient mice. The cells were infected with an injection of MuLV-F
      into the peritoneal cavity and, in some instances, also by placing virus into the
      chambers. Cells were recovered by treating the chamber content with elastase and
      collagenase. The infection was determined in two ways: (1) cells with replicating
      MuLV were enumerated as infection centers (IC) on S+L- indicator cells; and (2)
      virus-related cell membrane antigen (MA) was detected by immunofluorescence.
      Cells recovered from chambers after 2-3 weeks of culture represented about 10% of
      the original inoculum; viability was approximately 90%. The number of IC in MuLV
      F-infected chambers was about 10 times higher than obtained by infection and
      cultivation of spleen cells in vitro. The kinetics of IC and MA in chamber
      cultured. MuLV-F-infected spleen cells was similar to that in the spleen of
      infected mice during the first 10 days after infection. Later on, the process of
      infection within the chambers slowed down, reaching about 50% MA-positive and
      about 10% IC-positive cells, whereas the number of both IC- and MA-positive cells
      in the spleen reached 80% or more. The infection of splenic lymphocytes in
      diffusion chambers occurred equally well when chambers were implanted into: (1)
      syngeneic, virus susceptible hosts; (2) syngeneic, lethally irradiated hosts; and
      (3) allogeneic, virus-resistant hosts, suggesting that the process within the
      chamber is independent of MuLV replication in the tissues of the chamber-bearing
      mouse. The diffusion chamber technique seems to provide an environment in which
      various types of isolated lymphocytes of different mouse strains can interact
      with MuLV almost as efficiently as in vivo.

PMID- 182645
TI  - Detection of anti-tumor antibody in virally induced tumors and its relationship
      to tumor growth.
AB  - The humoral antibody response to virally induced tumors insyngeneic hosts has
      been studied. The tumors include an SV40 tumor SVT2, the Friend virus-induced
      leukemias FBL-3 and FLC; and Moloney sarcoma virus-induced tumors. It was found
      that antitumor antibodies could be detected by the isotopic antiglobulin
      technique in these tumor systems at a relatively early stage of tumor growth. The
      kinetics of the antibody response in relation to the status of tumor growth
      varied between different tumors. In geneumor growth than in the regressors of
      tumor-free hosts. Reinoculation of tumor cells or recurrence of tumor growth
      produced elevation of antibody levels (secondary response). The specificity of
      the antibody reactions also varied in different tumor systems: some antibodies
      were truly tumor-specific and thus might produce a biological effect on in vivo
      tumor immunity, whereas others were not. These studies indicated that a sensitive
      antibody assay could be used for early detection of tumor growth. However, its
      usefulness in evaluation of the status of tumor growth should be carefully
      studied in each tumor system.

PMID- 182646
TI  - Augmented immunogenicity of tumor cell membranes produced by surface budding
      viruses: parameters of optimal immunization.
AB  - Membranes prepared from tumor cells infected with surface budding viruses are
      much more immunogenic than membranes from uninfected tumor cells. Factors
      affecting immunization with membranes from virus-infected tumor cells were
      studied. Preparations made with influenza virus were clearly superior to those
      prepared with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Membranes infected with VSV were
      maximally immunogenic at a dose equivalent to a 10% cell pack whereas influenza
      virus-infected membranes were immunogenic at 1/100th of this dose. Subcutaneous
      inoculation was better than other routes of administration. Maximum protection
      against challenge with viable tumor cells was afforded by two inoculations of VSV
      infected membranes spaced 3 days apart or a single inoculation with influenza
      virus-infected membranes. Administration of membranes in complete Freund's
      adjuvant either had no effect of induced a slight degree of tumor enhancement.
      Immunization with influenza-virus-infected membranes significantly reduced tumor
      size and incidence even at a challenge dose of tumor cells which was 50 times the
      LD100.

PMID- 182648
TI  - Increased uptake of iodide by hormone-responsive compared to hormone-independent
      mammary tumors in GR mice.
AB  - The uptake of 125-iodide by transplanted hormone-responsive (HR) or hormone
      independent (HI) mammary tumors, normal mammary tissue and skeletal muscle was
      compared in GR mice. The uptake of 125-iodide by HR mammary tumors in mice
      treated with progesterone and oestrone (P+O) was about 20 times greater than the
      uptake of 125-iodide by HI mammary tumors in mice not treated with P+O. This
      difference in uptake of 125-iodide by HR and HI mammary tumors could not be
      attributed to the difference in the hormonal status of the mice since uptake of
      125-iodide was also low in HI tumors in mice receiving P+O treatment. The uptake
      of 125-iodide by HR mammary tumors was greatly reduced by the simultaneous
      injection of either an excess of non-radioactive iodide or of perchlorate. Uptake
      of 125-iodide by normal mammary tissue and skeletal muscle was similar was
      similar in all groups of tumor bearing mice, and was not influenced by the
      presence of an excess of non-radioactive iodide or of perchlorate. The possible
      clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 182649
TI  - A comparison of interhemispheric transmission times as measured by verbal and
      manual reaction time.
AB  - Interhemispheric transmission times (IHTTs) were calculated for 33 right-handed
      subjects. Verbal and manual response times (RTs) were recorded to visual stimuli
      exposed in either the left or right visual fields (LF, RF) for 50 msec. Each
      subject received 15 stimuli (dots) in the LF (1.5 degrees to the left of
      fixation), 15 stimuli in the RF, and 15 blank trials in both the verbal and
      manual response condition. IHTTs were calculated for each subject by subtracting
      the mean RF RT (I.E., uncrossed path) from the means LF RT (i.e., crossed path).
      Results indicated a nonsignificant IHTT obtained under the manual response
      condition of 5 msec and a highly significant IHTT obtained under the verbal
      response condition of 20 msec. While no significant correlation was found between
      IHTTs obtained under both response conditions, high correlations were found
      between component RT measures (i.e., manual RF RT, manual LF RT, verbal RF RT,
      and verbal LF RT).  Thus, IHTT is independent of simple RT.

PMID- 182647
TI  - Inflammatory cells in solid murine neoplasms. I. Tumor disaggregation and
      identification of constituent inflammatory cells.
AB  - Mechanical and enzymatic methods of disaggregating tumors were studied with the
      goals of (1) minimizing cell losses while (2) maintaining functional and surface
      membrane markers needed to objectively identify inflammatory cells (IC)1 in
      resultant suspensions. Application of the principles and methods described makes
      accurate estimation of the percentage of each IC type present in neoplasms
      possible for the first time. Compared to purely mechanical means of
      disaggregating tumors, all enzyme mixtures tested markedly increased yields of
      viable cells/g neoplasm. Best results were obtained with a combination of
      collagenase and a protease of broader substrate range (alpha chymotrypsin,
      papain, pronase or trypsin). The combination of enzymes that gave the highest
      yields with the least effect on inflammatory cell markers was trypsin,
      collagenase and DNAse (TCD). Because mechanical injury appeared to be the
      greatest single cause of cell loss (the enzymes themselves had little direct
      effect), potential sources were identified and either eliminated or minimized.
      With TCD, depending on the tumor system, cell recovery (measured as DNA recovered
      in cell suspensions) was as high as 50% and yields were as much as 6.9 X 10(8)
      viable cells/g tumor. Complete disaggregation was not required to obtain
      representative IC populations from tumor fragments. Neutrophils, eosinophils and
      mast cells from disaggregated neoplasms were counted in Giemsa stained
      cytocentrifuge preparations based on their unique morphologic appearances.
      Macrophages were identified by their capacity to phagocytose zymosan, a function
      which proved highly resistant to the effect of enzymes. Flourescent microscopic
      identification of brain associated thymus antigen (BATA) allowed quantification
      of T lymphocytes, since this marker was virtually unchanged by enzyme exposure.
      Surface immunoglobulin (Ig) was stripped from B lymphocytes most rapidly by
      pronase and chymotrypsin, slowly by trypsin and papain, and not at all by
      collagenase. Ig positive cells therefore could be quantified in suspensions
      generated by collagenase or very short (20 min) exposure of fragments to trypsin.

PMID- 182651
TI  - [Fructose and sorbitol in infusion solutions are not always harmless].

PMID- 182650
TI  - The biochemistry of sugars.
AB  - In animal cells the utilization of sugars involves one or more of the three major
      pathways known to occur in these cells. The glycolytic (Embden-Meyerhof) pathway
      is quantitatively the most important, and this pathway, coupled to the citric
      acid cycle, serves as a major source of energy. Glycolysis and the citric acid
      cycle also provide most of the precursors for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic
      acids and lipids. The pentose phosphate, or hexose monophosphate oxidation,
      pathway is a major source of NADPH required for the conversion of carbohydrate to
      the more reduced lipids and proteins, and also furnishes the ribose and
      deoxyribose moieties of nucleotides and nucleic acids. The functions of the third
      pathway, the uronic acid pathway, are less well defined. It is the source of
      glucuronides for mucopolysaccharides and for detoxification mechanisms, and also
      in most animals, is the pathway for the synthesis of ascorbic acid. The uronic
      acid pathway may also function as a point of entry for glucuronides, pentoses,
      and pentitols.

PMID- 182654
TI  - [Chronic heavy metal poisoning].

PMID- 182653
TI  - Uptake and transport activity of the median eminence of the hypothalamus.

PMID- 182655
TI  - Radionuclide imaging of intestinal infarction in dogs.
AB  - Intestinal infarction was produced in 10 dogs by means of microsphere
      embolization. Intravenous and intra-arterial injections of  99mTc-pyrophosphate
      were then administered and in vivo and in vitro scintigrams obtained. Positive in
      vitro images of the infarctions were seen for all the dogs and positive in vivo
      radionuclide accumulation was seen for all the dogs which had intra-arterial
      injections. Only 1 of the 4 dogs with intravenous injection showed positive in
      vivo imaging of the infarction.

PMID- 182656
TI  - Fluorescence and neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex virus in the
      cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system diseases.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus antibodies were studied in 73 patients with various diseases
      of the central nervous system. In 29 patients, there were rising titers of
      fluorescence and neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex virus in the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF antibodies were predominantly IgG. In one
      patient, IgM was found during the fourth, but not during the eighth week of
      illness. The CSF antibody titers did not correlate with the serum antibody titers
      or with the severity of the neurologic defect. No fluorescence antibodies were
      found in the CSF of 52 of 53 control patients. The presence of CSF fluorescence
      antibodies may be of considerable value in the diagnosis of herpes simplex
      encephalitis. However, the absence of these antibodies in the early stage of the
      disease does not exclude the possibility of infection with herpes simplex virus.

PMID- 182652
TI  - Pathogenesis of Marek's disease.

PMID- 182657
TI  - [Letter: Zoster and pregnancy].

PMID- 182658
TI  - [Current aspects of the pathogenesis of skin manifestations in psoriasis
      vulgaris].
AB  - This review deals with newer aspects of the pathogenesis of skin lesions in
      psoriasis vulgaris. Genetic determinants and mechanisms of provocation of
      psoriasis are discussed. The pathobiology of the psoriatic lesions is reviewed
      from a more functional point of view. The disturbances of epidermal cell
      proliferation and epidermal cell differentiation in the psoriatic lesions are
      discussed. Newer findings about chalones and the disturbances of the c-AMP/c-GMP
      system are reviewed. The changes of capillaries and the inflammatory reaction in
      the psoriatic lesion, the morphology of the initial psoriatic lesion and newer
      immunological findings in patients with psoriasis are reviewed. A working
      hypothesis of the pathogenesis of the psoriatic lesion is given.

PMID- 182661
TI  - The demonstration of acid phosphatase in cultured 3T3 mouse cells.
AB  - Acid phosphatase has been demonstrated ultrastructurally in 3T3 and SV40-3T3
      mouse cells using sodium beta-glycerophosphate and p-nitrophenyl phosphate as
      substrate. The former substrate only demonstrates the enzyme in lysosomes and
      elements of the Golgi apparatus while the latter demonstrates it in the cisternae
      of the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cell surface as well as at lysosomal
      sites. The significance of surface acid phosphatase activity is discussed in
      terms of sublethal autolysis.

PMID- 182659
TI  - Correlative morphological and biochemical study of the effects of isoprenaline on
      the organelle and membrane content of the rabbit parotid gland.
AB  - A quantitative study has been made on the enzymic, chemical and ultrastructural
      changes that occur in the parotid glands of rabbits as a result of Isoprenaline
      induced secretion. Emphasis has been placed on correlating changes in organelle
      and membrane content which are evident 2 hr after Isoprenaline administration and
      which have been measured stereologically with the levels of appropriate enzymic
      or chemical markers, taking into account the contribution made by both the acinar
      and duct tissue. Lower protein, alpha-amylase and beta-glycerophosphatase levels
      correlated with reductions in zymogen granule and lysosome volume with whilst
      plasmalemmal and Golgi membrane areas and their marker enzyme concentrations
      remained unchanged. However, declines in alkaline phosphatase and succinate
      dehydrogenase activity (illustrated histochemically), and p-nitrophenyl
      phosphatase activity at pH 4-5 in the presence of tartrate occurred without any
      detectable decrease in membrane area. Conversely, an increase in rough
      endoplasmic reticulum area was measured stereologically but no increases in
      chemical markers were detected. The extent of correlation of the data is
      discussed in the context of the mechanism of secretion and the action of
      Isoprenaline.

PMID- 182660
TI  - Adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis in rat dental tissues. A histochemical study to
      differentiate the enzymes involved.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to try to differentiate histochemically between the
      various enzymes which may catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP in developing rat dental
      tissues. Freeze cut and freeze dried sections of molar and incisor teeth were
      incubated in lead capture-based media at pH 5.0, 7.2 or 9.4 with one of the
      following substrates: beta-glycerophosphate, AMP, ADP, ATP, AMP-PNP and
      tetrasodium pyrophosphate. To establish the enzymatic nature of the hydrolysis
      parallel sections were incubated after prior fixation in either formaldehyde or
      glutaraldehyde. By comparing the enzymatic stainings obtained with the various
      substrates and at the different pH:s, it was concluded that ATP can be visibly
      hydrolyzed in rat dental tissues by alkaline phosphatase (stratum intermedium,
      apical part of maturation ameloblasts, basal part of all ameloblasts,
      odontoblasts and subodontoblastic layer), specific ATPase (apical and basal parts
      of secretory ameloblasts) and ATP pyrophosphatase and/or adenylate cyclase
      (stratum intermedium, odontoblasts). Acid phosphatase, specific ADPase, 5'
      nucleotidase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, 3':5'-cyclic-AMP-phosphodiesterase and
      adenylate kinase on the other hand, seem not to be engaged in the ATP hydrolysis
      to such a degree as to complicate the interpretation of the histochemical
      staining. The alkaline phosphatase part of the ATP hydrolysis appeared to be
      rather insensitive to aldehyde fixation, while the hydrolysis effected by
      specific ATPase and ATP pyrophosphatase and/or adenylate cyclase was extinguished
      after fixation with formaldehyde for 4 h or glutaraldehyde for 10 min.

PMID- 182662
TI  - [Childhood facial paralysis due to tumours (author's transl)].
AB  - Facial nerve palsy due to malignant tumours is uncommon in childhood and
      adolescence. If present the malignancy may be primary or metastatic, and usually
      brain tumours, leukaemias, or lymphosarcomas are found. Rhabdomyosarcomas,
      parotid malignancies, Ewing's sarcomas, Wilms' tumours and neuroblastomas are
      rare. The nerve lesion may be due to direct tumour infiltration, external
      pressure on the nerve and secondary ischaemia. In disseminated malignancy the
      lesion is usually due to extending intraneural infiltration and all parts of the
      nerve may be affected. If facial nerve palsy coexists the prognosis in childhood
      malignancies is extremely poor.

PMID- 182663
TI  - Evidences for complex formation between polymyxin B and lipopolysaccharides from
      Serratia marcescens.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo complex formations of polymyxin B and lipopolysaccharides
      (LPS) from resistant and sensitive cells of Serratia marcescens were studied by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and electron
      microscopy. In vitro treatment of LPS from resistant cells with polymyxin B gave
      two populations of spherical complexes of differnt molecular weights as
      determined electrophoretically. Similar treatment of LPS from sensitive cells
      resulted in dissociation of the LPS-protein and subsequent complexing with the
      LPS moiety into stable spheres. In vivo treatment of resistant cells with
      polymyxin B resulted in LPS-polymyxin B complexes which were comparatively
      smaller and existed in two morphological forms; spheres and linear ribbons. LPS
      from the sensitive cells were degraded extensively into small rods and an
      amorphous mass by the in vivo polymyxin B treatment. In both systems, the
      electrophoretic results consistently matched the electron microscopic evidences
      for complex formation of LPS with polymyxin B. It is suggested that the
      disruptive effects of polymyxin B on LPS in the outer membrane of S. marcescens
      may be the explanation for the change in permeability barrier in the resistant
      cells and disorganization of the outer membrane and subsequent death in the
      sensitive cells. Furthermore, the ability of the LPS to complex with the
      polymyxin B molecules in resistant cells may be the basis of their resistance to
      the antibiotic.

PMID- 182664
TI  - Polymyxin b: controlled biosynthesis.

PMID- 182665
TI  - The present status of idoxuridine.

PMID- 182666
TI  - Effect of increased gas density on pulmonary gas exchange in man.
AB  - Pulmonary gas exchange was measured in seven resting supine subjects breathing
      air or a dense gas mixture containing 21% O2 in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). The
      mean value of the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (AaDO2) decreased from 12.4
      on air to 7.0 on SF6 (P less than 0.01), and increased again to 13.4 when air
      breathing resumed (P less than 0.01). No differences occurred between gas
      mixtures for O2 consumption, respiratory quotient, minute ventilation, breathing
      frequency, heart rate, or blood pressure, and the improved oxygen transfer could
      not be attributed to changes in cardiac output or mixed venous oxygen content in
      the one subject in which they were measured. These results are best explained by
      an altered distribution of ventilation during dense gas breathing, so that the
      ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) variance was reduced. Of several considered
      mechanisms, we favor one in which SF6 promotes cardiogenic gas mixing between
      peripheral parallel units having different alveolar gas concentrations. This
      mechanism allows for observed increases in arterial carbon dioxide tension and
      dead space-to-tidal volume ratio during dense gas breathing, and suggests that
      intraregional VA/Q variance accounts for at least one-half of the resting AaDO2
      in healthy supine young men.

PMID- 182667
TI  - Manganese requirement of phosphoglycerate phosphomutase and its consequences for
      growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - In the absence of manganese, rapidly metabolizable carbohydrates such as glucose
      or glycerol are not completely metabolized by Bacillus subtilis growing in a
      nutrient sporulation medium: 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3PGA) accumulates inside the
      cells, growth stops at a low cell titer, and normal sporulation remains
      suppressed (no prespore septa). Upon the addition of manganese, 3PGA disappears,
      growth resumes, and normal sporulation takes place. These effects results from a
      specific manganese requirement of phosphoglycerate phosphomutase which catalyzes
      the interconversion of 3PGA and 2-phosphoglyceric acid (2PGA). Other metal ions
      cannot replace manganese, for which the enzyme has an apparent Km of 0.22 mM.

PMID- 182668
TI  - Arginine, a growth-limiting factor for Eubacterium lentum.
AB  - Eubacterium lentum is a gram-positive, asaccharolytic, obligately anaerobic
      bacillus, which grows to a low turbidity (absorbancy at 650 nm = 0.05 to 0.1) in
      peptone-based medium. The addition of substrate amounts of arginine or citrulline
      dramatically increased growth (absorbancy at 650 nm =1.4). The presence of an
      arginine dihydrolase pathway was confirmed by measurement of the necessary
      enzymes and demonstration of the intermediate compounds. The production of
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate from the arginine dihydrolase pathway appeared to be
      the sole source of energy for growth of this organism. Each of 11 strains showed
      definite growth stimulation. Ten of the 11 strains had cytochromes. Growth
      stimulation with arginine and the presence of cytochromes offer two new positive
      criteria for the identification of E. lentum.

PMID- 182669
TI  - Soluble adenylate cyclase from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis:
      purification and characterization.
AB  - Culture medium of exponentially growing Bordetella pertussis (strain 114)
      contains significant quantities of soluble (100,000 X g for 1 h) adenylate
      cyclase. The enzyme was purified by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose
      and Sephadex G-200. The purest material yielded a single band on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis. It is heat labile, has a temperature optimum of
      30 degrees C, a pH optimum of pH 7 to 8, and a Km for adenosine 5'-triphosphate
      of 0.4 mM, and requires Mg2+ for maximum activity. The molecular weight, by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis and sucrose density gradient, is
      approximately 70,000. The enzyme is markedly inhibited by fluoride and weakly
      inhibited by monovalent salts, but its activity is not altered by alpha-keto
      acids of nonsubstrate nucleoside triphosphates. Thus, but its presence in the
      culture supernatant, its smaller molecular weight, and its insensitivity to alpha
      keto acids and nucleotides, this enzyme differs from the bacterial adenylate
      cyclases previously described.

PMID- 182670
TI  - Use of polymyxin B, levallorphan, and tetracaine to isolate novel envelope
      mutants of Escherichia coli.
AB  - Mutants of Escherichia coli were isolated by their resistance to the
      bacteriocidal effects of the membrane-active drugs polymyxin B, levallorphan, and
      tetracaine. The mutants were examined for additional changes in cellular
      physiology evoked by the lesions; many polymyxin-resistant strains had a
      concomitant increased sensitivity to anionic detergents, and several strains of
      each type had concomitant alterations in generation time and morphology. Mutants
      of each class (polymyxin resistant, tetracaine resistant, and levallorphan
      resistant) were transduced into recipient strains. The levallorphan resistance
      site (lev) was located at approximately 9 min on the E. coli chromosome.
      Polymyxin (pmx) and tetracaine (tec) resistance loci were also transduced. The
      lev and tec strains had a slight prolongation of generation time, in contrast
      with their isogenic wild-type strains. The tec transductant produced long
      filaments in the absence of tetracaine and had an altered colonial morphology, it
      reverted at high frequency, with the morphological abnormalities reverting along
      with the tetracaine resistance. The pmx transductant had an increased sensitivity
      to levallorphan and to anionic detergents. In contrast, both lev and tec mutants
      were more resistant to acriflavine than was the wild type or the pmx
      transductant. The pmx, lev, and tec loci differed in sensitivity to mitomycin C;
      the lev strain was more resistant, the tec strain was more sensitive, and the pmx
      strain was much more sensitive than the wild type. There was no difference in
      sensitivity to several other dyes and detergents, colicins, or T bacteriophage
      between the transductant and isogenic wild-type strains. Thus, lev, tec, and pmx
      loci confer more subtle alterations in the permeability barrier than do
      lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutants previously studied.

PMID- 182671
TI  - Electron microscope study of sporulation and parasporal crystal formation in
      Bacillus thuringiensis.
AB  - A comprehensive ultrastructural analysis of sporulation and parasporal crystal
      development is described for Bacillus thuringiensis. The insecticidal crystal of
      B. thuringiensis is initiated at the start of engulfment and is nearly complete
      by the time the exosporium forms. The crystal and a heretofore unobserved ovoid
      inclusion develop without any clear association with the forespore septum,
      exosporium, or mesosomes. These observations contradict previous hypotheses that
      the crystal is synthesized on the forespore membrane, exosporium, or mesosomes.
      Formation of forespore septa involves densely staining, double-membrane-bound,
      vesicular mesosomes that have a bridged appearance. Forespore engulfment is
      subpolar and also involves mesosomes. Upon completion of engulfment and the
      following cytoplasmic changes occur: decrease in electron density of the
      incipient forespore membrane; loss of bridged appearance of incipient forespore
      membrane; change in stainability of incipient forespore, forespore, and mother
      cell cytoplasms; and alteration in staining quality of plasma membrane. These
      changes are involved in the conversion of the incipient forespore into a
      forespore and reflect "commitment" to sporulation.

PMID- 182672
TI  - Genetic control of the glp system in Bacillus subtilis.
AB  - In pleiotropic negative glycerol utilization mutants (GlpPI mutants) of Bacillus
      subitilis, glycerol kinase and sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase are
      noninducible. GlpPI mutants also fail to take up exogenous [14C]G3P. To study the
      regulation of the glp system in B. subtilis phenotypically, Glp+ revertants were
      isolated from GlpPI mutants. Four classes of revertants were identified:
      phenotypically, wild type; R1 type, which contains an informational suppressor,
      R2 type, which produced G3P dehydrogenase constitutively; and R3 type, with a
      temperature-sensitive Glp phenotype producing G3P dehydrogenase constitutively at
      permissive temperature (32 degrees C). The properties of the revertants indicate
      that the glpPI locus codes for a protein with a positive regulatory function.

PMID- 182673
TI  - Effect of chloramphenicol on the electron systems in Ustilago cynodontis.
AB  - The mycelial cells of Ustilago cynodontis possess at least two electron transport
      systems: a cyanide-sensitive cytochrome pathway, which represents the major route
      for electron transport, and an alternative cyanide-insensitive pathway, inhibited
      by salicylhydroxamic acid. In the presence of chloramphenicol in the culture
      medium, mycelial cells respire only by the alternatuve chain. The stable induced
      yeast-like cells, obtained by prolonged chloramphenicol treatment of the mycelial
      cells, respire as the untreated mycelial cells; this result indicates that the
      phenotypic change induced by chloramphenicol is not related to a modification of
      the respiratory system.

PMID- 182674
TI  - Membrane-bound respiratory of Spirillum itersonii.
AB  - The membrane-bound respiratory system of the gram-negative bacterium Spirillum
      itersonii was investigated. It contains cytochromes b (558), c (550), and o (558)
      and beta-dihydro-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and succinate oxidase
      activities under all growth conditions. It is also capable of producing D-lactate
      and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases when grown with lactate or glycerol as
      sole carbon source. Membrane-bound malate dehydrogenase was not detectable under
      any conditions, although there is high activity of soluble nicotinamide adenine
      dinucleotide: malate dehydrogenase. When grown with oxygen as the sole terminal
      electron acceptor, approximately 60% of the total b-type cytochrome is present as
      cytochrome o, whereas only 40% is present as cytochrome o in cells grown with
      nitrate in the presence of oxygen. Both NADH and succinate oxidase are inhibited
      by azide, cyanide, antimycin A, and 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxidase at
      low concentrations. The ability of these inhibitors to completely inhibit oxidase
      activity at low concentrations and their effects upon the aerobic steady-state
      reduction levels of b- and c-type cytochromes as well as the aerobic steady-state
      reduction levels obtained with NADH, succinate, and ascorbate
      dichlorophenolindophenol suggest that presence of an unbranched respiratory chain
      in S. itersonii with the order ubiquinone leads to b leads to c leads to c leads
      to oxygen.

PMID- 182676
TI  - Growth inhibition of Proteus mirabilis by cyclic adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate.
AB  - Growth of Proteus mirabilis on a synthetic agar medium containing either
      glycerol, galactose, or trehalose as the sole source is inhibited by 5 mM cyclic
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Inhibition on an agar medium is evident as
      loss of viability, but in broth cAMP only slightly inhibits growth rate.
      Inhibition is associated with the accumulation of methylglyoxal in the medium. A
      nonswarming mutant of P. mirabilis is not inhibited by cAMP on either of the
      three carbon sources, but it is sensitive to exogenous methylglyoxal.

PMID- 182675
TI  - Effect of polymyxin on the ultrastructure of the outer membrane of wild-type and
      polymyxin-resistant strain of Salmonella.
AB  - The effect of polymyxin on two sets of Salmonella mutants was studied by thin
      section and scanning electron microscopy. Polymyxin (in increasing
      concentrations, starting just below bactericidal effect) caused the appearance of
      the previously described rodlike projections on the cell surface of wild-type
      (smooth, polymyxin-sensitive) bacteria. These projections seemed to involve the
      outer membrane of the cell wall. In rough mutants, which are deficient in
      lipopolysaccharide, the projections were much smaller and flat. Higher
      concentrations of polymyxin were required to produce morphological effects in
      polyxmin-resistant mutants of both smooth and rough forms. Furthermore, in these
      mutants polymyxin caused vesicle-like bulging of the total outer membrane quite
      different in appearance from the rodlike projections of the wild type.

PMID- 182678
TI  - Purification and characterization of human leukocyte interferon components.
AB  - Human leukocyte interferon, prepurified either by acid ethanol extraction or by
      affinity chromatography with antibodies, was further purified by gel filtration
      in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Interferon was eluted from gel
      filtration columns as an apparently homogeneous entity with a molecular weight of
      26,600, resulting in an up to 50-fold additional purification during a single
      step. The antiviral activity could be further resolved into two components by
      hydroxylapatite adsorption chromatography. The isolated components (A and B) were
      distinguishable by isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      The apparent molecular weights were 20,000 to 16,000 and 16,000, respectively. No
      differences were detected in their susceptibility toward reduction of disulfide
      bonds by beta-mercaptoethanol. Both could be obtained on a preparative scale with
      minimal losses in biological activity.

PMID- 182677
TI  - New radioisotopic assays of argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinase.
AB  - Methods were developed for the radioisotopic assay of argininosuccinate
      synthetase [L-citrulline: L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.3.4.5] and
      argininosuccinase [L-argininosuccinate arginine-lyase, EC 4.3.2.1]. The assay of
      argininosuccinate synthetase was based on the separation of
      [14C]argininosuccinate formed from aspartate and [carbamoyl-14C]citrulline in the
      presence of ATP from the substrate citrulline. For this, the product was
      converted to its anhydride form by boiling for 30 min at pH 2.0 followed by
      application on a column of Dowex 50W (pyridine form). Argininosuccinic anhydride
      was eluted with 0.3 M pyridine acetate buffer, pH 4.25, while citrulline was
      eluted with 0.1 M pyridine acetate buffer, pH 3.80. The assay of
      argininosuccinase was based on the separation of [14C]argininosuccinic acid
      formed from arginine and [U-14C]fumaric acid from the substrate fumarate on a
      column of Dowex 50W(H+ form). The argininosuccinic acid was adsorbed on the
      column and eluted with 1 M pyridine solution, while fumarate was not adsorbed.
      The distributions of these two enzymes in various organs and cell fractions were
      reinvestigated using these methods.

PMID- 182679
TI  - Hypoxanthine transport by cultured Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts.
AB  - The uptake of hypoxanthine by Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts grown in tissue
      culture was studied in wild type clones and 8-azaguanine-resistant mutant clones
      devoid of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Wild type fibroblasts
      rapidly accumulate [3H]hypoxanthine from the medium and over 80% of the
      intracellular radioactivity is found in acid-soluble nucleotides. The
      phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient clones accumulate much lower levels of
      hypoxanthine and over 85% of the intracellular 3H label is associated with
      chemically unaltered hypoxanthine. The internal level of hypoxanthine in the
      mutant clones rapidly approaches but does not exceed that present in the medium.
      Wild type and phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient cells take up hypoxanthine at
      almost identical initial rates at external hypoxanthine levels from 2 to 300 muM.
      Analysis of these data reveals two transport systems that obey the Michaelis
      Menten relationship. These differ markedly in affinity, yielding average Km
      values of 20 and 600 muM for both cell types. Hypoxanthine transport by both low
      and high affinity transport systems is blocked by p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate
      and N-ethylmaleimide. Counter-transport of hypoxanthine was demonstrated in
      phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient fibroblasts. It is concluded that
      hypoxanthine is transported into Chinese hamster cells by means of carrier
      mediated processes (facilitated diffusion) that operate independently of
      phosphoribosylation.

PMID- 182680
TI  - Pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme. Interspecies homology and inhibition by
      heterologous antibody in vivo.
AB  - Goat antibody against pure rabbit pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme was
      used to probe homology of converting enzymes from other species. Immunologically
      cross-reactive material was found in detergent-solubilized extracts of lung
      particles from rat, guinea pig, and dog by double immunodiffusion,
      radioimmunoassay, and inhibition of enzyme activity. No homology was demonstrable
      with bovine, frog, or chicken lung extracts. Antibodies from different individual
      goats yielded comparable estimates of homology by immunodiffusion and
      radioimmunoassay. In contrast, they varied greatly in extent and specificity of
      their inhibitory action on heterologous enzyme activity. The vasopressor effect
      of angiotensin I and the vasodepressor effect of bradykinin were diminished and
      potentiated, respectively, in rats treated with anti-rabbit enzyme antibody. A
      smaller but significant immune-dependent inhibition of the vasopressor response
      to angiotensin II was also observed.

PMID- 182681
TI  - Specific herpes simplex virus-induced incorporation of 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5'
      dideoxyuridine into deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - 5-Iodo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (AIdUrd) is a novel thymidine analog which
      inhibits herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HS-1 virus) replication in the absence of
      detectable host toxicity. When murine, simian, or human cells in culture are
      treated with [125I]AIdUrd for up to 24 hours essentially none of the nucleoside
      becomes cell-associated. In contrast, upon HS-1 virus infection significant
      radiolabel is detected in both nucleotide pools and in DNA. The major acid
      soluble metabolite has been shown by enzymic and chromatographic analysis to be
      the 5'-triphosphate of AIdUrd. DNA from HS-1 virus-infected Vero cells labeled
      with [14C]thymidine, 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd), or [125I]AIdUrd was
      isolated by buoyant density centrifugation and subjected to digestion by
      pancreatic DNase I, spleen DNase II, micrococcal nuclease, spleen, and venom
      phosphodiesterases. Analysis of the digestion products clearly indicate that
      AIdUrd is incorporated internally into the DNA structure. DNA containing AIdUrd
      therefore contains phosphoramidate (P-N) bonds, known to be extremely acid
      labile. The selective HS-1 virus-induced phosphorylation of AIdUrd and its
      subsequent incorporation into DNA may account for the unique biological activity
      of the AIdUrd nucleoside.

PMID- 182682
TI  - Structural polypeptides of mammalian type C RNA viruses. Isolation and
      immunologic characterization of a low molecular weight polypeptide, p10.
AB  - Low molecular weight polypeptides of several mammalian type C RNA tumor viruses
      were purified by sequential ion exchange chromatography and molecular sizing
      techniques. These included a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 10,000 to
      11,000, p 10, from two type C viruses of mouse origin. Rauscher- and Moloney
      murine leukemia virus (MuL virus), and from an infectious type C virus isolate of
      the woolly monkey. The p12 structural polypeptides of these viruses as well as
      Rauscher-MuL virus p15 were also purified. By using radioimmunoassays developed
      for each polypeptide, it was possible to demonstrate that all three low molecular
      weight polypeptides, p15, p12, and p10, were immunologically unique. Among type C
      viral structural polypeptides, p10 has been least well characterized
      immunologically. The results of the present study indicate that p10 is virus
      coded and possesses strong group-specific antigenic determinants. By use of
      appropriate immunoassays, broadly reactive interspecies determinants shared by
      mammalian type C virus isolates of murine, feline, and primate origin, were also
      demonstrated. The interspecies antigenic determinants of p10 were shown to be as
      broadly cross-reactive as those exhibited by the major type C virus structural
      polypeptide, p30.

PMID- 182683
TI  - Microsomal membrane permeability and the hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase system.
      Interactions of the system with D-mannose 6-phosphate and D-mannose.
AB  - We have proposed that glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) is a two-component
      system consisting of (a) a glucose-6-P-specific transporter which mediates the
      movement of the hexose phosphate from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic
      reticulum (or cisternae of the isolated microsomal vesicle), and (b) a
      nonspecific phosphohydrolase-phosphotransferase localized on the luminal surface
      of the membrane (Arion, W.J., Wallin, B.K., Lange, A.J., and Ballas, L.M. (1975)
      Mol. Cell. Biochem. 6, 75-83). Additional support for this model has been
      obtained by studying the interactions of D-mannose-6-P and D-mannose with the
      enzyme of untreated (i.e. intact) and taurocholate-disrupted microsomes. An exact
      correspondence was shown between the mannose-6-P phosphohydrolase activity at low
      substrate concentrations and the permeability of the microsomal membrane to EDTA.
      The state of intactness of the membrane influenced the kinetics of mannose
      inhibition of glucose-6-P hydrolysis; uncompetitive and noncompetitive
      inhibitions were observed for intact and disrupted microsomes, respectively. The
      apparent Km for glucose-6-P was smaller with intact preparations at mannose
      concentrations above 0.3 M. Mannose significantly inhibited total glucose-6-P
      utilization by intact microsomes, whereas D-glucose had a stimulatory effect.
      Both hexoses markedly enhanced the rate of glucose-6-P utilization by disrupted
      microsomes. The actions of mannose on the glucose-6-phosphatase of intact
      microsomes fully support the postulated transport model. They are predictable
      consequences of the synthesis and accumulation of mannose-6-P in the cisternae of
      microsomal vesicles which possess a nonspecific, multifunctional enzyme on the
      inner surface and a limiting membrane permeable to D-glucose, D-mannose, glucose
      6-P, but impermeable to mannose-6-P. The latency of the mannose-6-P
      phosphohydrolase activity is proposed as a reliable, quantitative index of
      microsomal membrane integrity. The inherent limitations of the use of EDTA
      permeability for this purpose are discussed.

PMID- 182684
TI  - Rat high density lipoprotein subfraction (HDL3) uptake and catabolism by isolated
      rat liver parenchymal cells.
AB  - Rat liver parenchymal cell binding, uptake, and proteolytic degradation of rat
      125I-labeled high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction, HDL3 (1.10 less than d
      less than 1.210 g/ml), in which apo-A-I is the major polypeptide, were
      investigated. Structural and metabolic integrity of the isolated cells was
      verified by trypan blue exclusion, low lactic dehydrogenase leakage, expected
      morphology, and gluconeogenesis from lactate and pyruvate. 125I-labeled HDL3 was
      incubated with 10 X 10(6) cells at 37 degrees and 4 degrees in albumin and Krebs
      Henseleit bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4. Binding and uptake were determined by
      radioactivity in washed cells. Proteolytic degradation was determined by
      trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity in the incubation medium. At 37
      degrees, maximum HDL3 binding (Bmax) and uptake occurred at 30 min with a Bmax of
      31 ng/mg dry weight of cells. The apparent dissociation constant of the HDL3
      receptor system (Kd) was 60 X 10(-8) M, based on Mr = 28,000 of apo-A-I, the
      predominant rat HDL3 protein. Proteolytic degradation showed a 15-min lag and
      then constant proteolysis. After 2 hours 5.8% of incubated 125I-labeled HDL3 was
      degraded. Sixty per cent of cell radioactivity at 37 degrees was trypsin
      releasable. At 37 degrees, 125I-labeled HDL3 was incubated with cells in the
      presence of varying concentrations of native (cold) HDL3, very low density
      lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins. Incubation with native HDL3 resulted
      in greatest inhibition of 125I-labeled HDL3 binding, uptake, and proteolytic
      degradation. When 125I-labeled HDL3 was preincubated with increasing amounts of
      HDL3 antiserum, binding and uptake by cells were decreased to complete
      inhibition. Cell binding, uptake, and proteolytic degradation of 125I-labeled
      HDL3 were markedly diminished at 4 degrees. Less than 1 mM chloroquine enhanced
      125I-labeled HDL3 proteolysis but at 5 mM or greater, chloroquine inhibited
      proteolysis with 125I-labeled HDL3 accumulation in cells. L-[U-14C]Lysine-labeled
      HDL3 was bound, taken up, and degraded by cells as effectively as 125I-labeled
      HDL3. These data suggest that liver cell binding, uptake, and proteolytic
      degradation of rat HDL3 are actively performed and linked in the
      sequence:binding, then uptake, and finally proteolytic degradation. Furthermore,
      there may be a specific HDL3 (lipoprotein A) receptor of recognition site(s) on
      the plasma membrane. Finally, our data further support our previous reports of
      the important role of liver lysosomes in proteolytic degradation of HDL3.

PMID- 182686
TI  - Preparation and characterization of hormone-sensitive, resealed erythrocyte
      ghosts.
AB  - A method for preparing resealed turkey erythrocyte ghosts is described which
      utilizes hypotonic lysis and resealing following restoration of isotonicity. The
      resealed ghosts are isolated above 55% sucrose. The resealed ghosts are shown to
      be capable of maintaining high intracellular K+ concentrations in the presence of
      a low K+ extracellular environment. When ATP and an ATP-regenerating system are
      included during the resealing stage, (R)-(-)-epinephrine- and NaF-stimulated
      cyclic AMP accumulation, which is linear for 20 min, can be demonstrated. The
      concentration of (R)-(-)-epinephrine producing a half-maximal response in
      resealed ghosts is 1.0 +/- 0.4 X 10(-6) M. This is the same as that for (R)-(-)
      epinephrine in the intact erythrocyte. The resealed ghosts are impermeable to
      Ca2+, but Ca2+ inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation is noted if the divalent
      cation ionophore. A-23187, is present or if Ca2+ is included during the resealing
      stage.

PMID- 182687
TI  - Gonadotropin binding factor(s). Extraction of high affinity gonadotropin binding
      sites from rat testis and partial characterization of their interaction with
      human follitropin, lutropin, and choriogonadotropin.
AB  - Factor(s) that bind gonadotropins have been extracted from rat testis by 30%
      ethanol (v/v) in water and their interaction with human lutropin (hLH) and human
      follitropin (hFSH) have been investigated by a new assay using dextran-coated
      charcoal. These studies reveal that: 1. Maximal binding of gonadotropin with
      soluble factors was observed over a broad range of pH from 6.0 to 8.0 with a
      relative decline in binding at extremes of pH. The binding was independent of the
      ionic strength of the buffer and reached equilibrium within 5 min at 4 degrees,
      27 degrees, and 37 degrees. 2. The soluble factors have marked thermostability, a
      point of distinction from detergent-solubilized receptors. 3. The equilibrium
      dissociation constant (Kd) of 125I-hFSH binding to the soluble factor was 6.0 +/-
      0.58 X 10(-10) M, consistent with the values obtained from the membrane binding
      studies. Similarly, the Kd value for 125I-hLH to the soluble factor(s) was 3.33
      +/- 0.3 X 10(-9) M, comparable to the values obtained from the membrane binding
      studies. Hill plots demonstrated a lack of a cooperative relationship with an
      apparent Hill coefficient of 1.071 for hLH and 0.909 for hFSH. Furthermore, two
      classes of binding sites for 125I-human choriogonadotropin (hCG) were clearly
      discernible by both Lineweaver-Burk and Hill plots with an equilibrium
      dissociation constant of 2.4 +/- 0.5 X 10(-11) M and 1.35 +/- 1.2 X 10(-9) M. The
      apparent Hill coefficient of interaction of 125I-hCG with the soluble factors was
      found to be 0.923 for high affinity and 1.09 for low affinity binding sites. 4.
      The binding of 125I-hLH and 125I-hFSH with respect to concentrations of soluble
      factor(s) was found to be a saturable process, yielding an expected 4.4-fold
      higher Kd for hLH (294 +/- 13.8 mug/ml) compared to hFSH (66.6 +/- 4 mug/ml).
      These findings are comparable with the equilibrium dissociation constants, thus
      confirming a 5-fold higher affinity of hFSH as compared to hLH for the soluble
      factors, i.e. the ratio of 3.0 X 10(-9) M to 6.0 X 10(-10) M versus the ratio of
      294 mug/ml to 66.6 mug/ml. 5. The hormone specificity of the interaction has been
      studied by using radiolabeled hFSH, hLH, hCG, prolactin, growth hormone, and
      bovine serum albumin. The binding of FSH at low factor concentrations was found
      to be 5- to 10-fold greater than prolactin, growth hormone, and albumin. 6. The
      soluble factors are found in higher concentration in testis compared to liver,
      kidney, and blood. 7. The effect of ethanol upon solubilization of the factor(s)
      has been investigated. The factor(s) can be extracted with buffer or water alone.
      However, 10 to 25% of ethanol (v/v) facilitates the process of solubilization.
      The treatment with 70% ethanol (v/v) or more did not extract any factor activity
      from testes. The factor(s) were insoluble in petroleum ether, chloroform,
      absolute ethanol, methanol, or lipid solvent. 8. Finally the effect of soluble
      factors on classical membrane binding was investigated...

PMID- 182685
TI  - Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase. Distinct forms in human
      lymphocytes and monocytes.
AB  - Adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) phosphodiesterase activity of normal
      human peripheral blood leukocyte suspensions containing 90% lymphocytes and 10%
      monocytes showed anomalous kinetic behavior indicative of multiple enzyme forms.
      Kinetic analyses of purified lymphocyte (99%) or monocyte preparations (95%)
      indicated that only one type of phosphodiesterase was present in each cell type.
      None of the preparations contained any detectable guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic GMP) hydrolytic activity. The lymphocyte enzyme had an apparent Km
      congruent to 0.4 muM for cyclic AMP and Vmax congruent to 0.5 picomoles/min/10(6)
      cells. These kinetic parameters were confirmed by several cell purification
      techniques used alone and sequentially. Sedimentation velocity analyses indicated
      that the higher Km monocyte enzyme had a molecular weight near 45,000 and that
      the lower Km lymphocyte enzyme most likely had a molecular weight near 98,000. A
      variety of procedures led to a loss of the higher molecular weight, high affinity
      enzyme leaving only the enzyme of 45,000 daltons with a much lower substrate
      affinity. A long term, stable human lymphoblastoid cell line had cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase activity that was similar to the lymphocyte enzyme by both
      physical and kinetic criteria. Lymphocyte cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase appears to
      be a soluble enzyme whose pH and temperature optima and cationic requirements are
      similar to those of other mammalian phosphodiesterases. The distinct cyclic AMP
      phosphodiesterase forms of these cells may possibly represent the basic, active
      subunit of mammalian cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. We hypothesize that
      the extremely high affinity cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase of normal lymphocytes
      plays an important role in the regulation of normal function in these cells, and
      also in the rapid proliferative responses characteristic of the stimulated
      lymphocyte.

PMID- 182688
TI  - Metabolism and excretion of exogenous adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and guanosine
      3':5'-monophosphate. Studies in the isolated perfused rat kidney and in the
      intact rat.
AB  - Isolated rat kidneys were perfused with a recirculating medium containing
      exogenous adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) or guanosine 3':5'
      monophosphate (cyclic GMP) at an initial concentration of 0.1 mM. Both cyclic
      nucleotides were rapidly removed from the perfusate. Urinary excretion accounted
      for about 20% and 40% of the respective cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP lost from the
      perfusate. The metabolism of the cyclic nucleotides was studied by 14C-labeled
      cyclic nucleotides in the perfusate. During 60 min, 30% of added cyclic [14C]AMP
      was metabolized to renal [14C]adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) and 30% to
      perfusate [14C]uric acid. Similarly, 20% of cyclic[14C]GMP was metabolized to
      renal [14C]guanine nucleotides (GTP, GDP, and GMP) and 30% to perfusate [14C]uric
      acid. Urine contained principally unchanged 14C-labeled cyclic nucleotide.
      Addition of 0.1 mM cyclic AMP to the perfusate elevated the renal ATP and ADP
      contents 2-fold. Addition of 0.1 mM of either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP to the
      perfusate also elevated the renal production of uric acid 2- to 3-fold. The
      production and distribution of metabolites of exogenous cyclic nucleotides were
      also studied in the intact rat. Within 60 min after injection, 3.3 mumol of
      either 14C-labeled cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP was cleared from the plasma. Kidney
      cortex and liver were the principal tissues for 14C accumulation. Urinary
      excretion accounted for about 20 and 45% of the cyclic [14C]AMP and cyclic
      [14C]GMP lost from the plasma, respectively. The 14C found in the kidney and
      liver was present almost entirely as the respective purine mono-, di-, and
      trinucleotides. The other principal metabolite was [14C]allantoin, found in the
      urine and, to a lesser extent, the liver. The urine contained mostly unchanged
      14C-labeled cyclic nucleotide. Unlike the findings with the perfused kidney,
      [14C]uric acid was not a significant metabolite of the 14C-labeled cyclic
      nucleotides in these in vivo experiments.

PMID- 182689
TI  - Purification and characterization of the carrier protein for juvenile hormone
      from the hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta Johannson (Lepidoptera:
      Sphingidae).
AB  - The larval hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, contains a carrier
      protein that binds specifically and with high affinity the juvenile hormone, an
      important regulator of insect development. This protein serves to transport the
      hormone and to protect it from the action of degradative enzymes during early
      larval stages. Using hemolymph from the last larval stage, we have isolated a
      pure carrier protein using acetone precipitation, gel filtration, ion exchange
      chromatography, and preparative isoelectric focusing. Gel filtration,
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and equilibrium
      ultracentrifugation established that the carrier protein is a single chain
      polypeptide of approximately 28,000 daltons. The amino acid composition is
      unexceptional, and no evidence for hexosamine has been obtained. An ion exchange
      filter disc assay method was used to determine the formation of the complex
      between the carrier protein and isotopically labeled juvenile hormone. With this
      technique it was shown that each carrier protein binds one hormone molecule with
      a dissociation constant of 4.4 +/- 0.2 X 10(-7) M at 0 degrees.

PMID- 182690
TI  - Incorporation of D-[3-3H, U-14C] glucose into glycerolipid via acyl
      dihydroxyacetone phosphate untransformed and viral-transformed BHK-21-c13
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Untransformed BHK-21-c13 fibroblasts as well as 4 polyoma-transformed strains
      were incubated with D-[U-14C,3-3H]glucose. This substrate generates intracellular
      labeled glycerol, and also [4-3H]NADPH via the phosphogluconate oxidative
      pathway. The latter selectively transfers hydrogen to C-2 of glycerol in
      glycerolipid via the acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway. After incubation,
      the distribution of radioactivity and the ratios of 3H/14C at the three positions
      of recovered glycerol were determined in sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, saponifiable
      glycerolipids, alkyl ether glycerolipids, and plasmalogens. In each of the cell
      types examined, 3H in the sn-1 position of glycerol in the recovered ether
      containing glycerolipids was negligible, yet this position contained most of the
      recovered 3H in sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and saponifiable glycerolipids. The
      3H/14C ratio in position 2 of glycerol, measured at various incubation times, was
      from 5- to 200-fold greater in the saponifiable glycerolipids than in free sn
      glycerol 3-phosphate. The ratio in position 2 of ether-containing glycerolipids
      was the same or greater than that in the saponifiable glycerolipids in all of the
      cell types employed. A similar pattern in the 3H/14C ratio was observed when BHK
      21-c13 cells were incubated with D-[U-14C,1-3H]glucose. These observations
      demonstrate significant participation of the acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate
      pathway in glycerolipid synthesis in BHK cells.

PMID- 182692
TI  - Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. In vitro effect of receptor
      subunits on gene transcription.
AB  - We have studied chick oviduct progesterone receptor subunits and their effect on
      RNA transcription in oviduct chromatin. Initiation of RNA chain synthesis was
      measured by the rifampicin-challenge assay. Progesterone receptor subunits A and
      B were purified 200-fold by sequential chromatography on phosphocellulose, DEAE
      cellulose, and hydroxylapatite. The subunits could be recombined to form the 6S
      receptor A-B dimer initially present in chick oviduct homogenates. The intact 6 S
      receptor dimer preparation increased transcription of oviduct chromatin by 40 to
      60%. This increase corresponds to the creation of 5,800 new initiation sites per
      haploid cellular equivalent of DNA as chromatin. The increased chromatin
      transcription which resulted was half-maximal at a receptor concentration of
      about 5 x 10(-9) M. Preparations from other tissues which were devoid of
      progesterone-binding activity or oviduct preparations lacking progesterone did
      not stimulate rifampicin-resistant RNA synthesis. The oviduct receptor fraction
      contained no detectable glucocorticoid, androgen, or estrogen receptors. When
      isolated B subunits alone were incubated with chromatin, no transcriptional
      increase was detectable. Isolated A subunits increased chromatin transcription,
      but only at concentration approximately 10-fold higher than required of intact
      dimer. These observations suggest that the 6 S receptor dimer is the functional
      species in chromatin transcription in vivo; two hormones are required per dimer,
      one on each subunit. Since subunit A binds DNA and has stimulatory activity , a
      dimer dissociation at acceptor sites is postulated, liberating A subunits which
      stimulate RNA chain initiation sites.

PMID- 182691
TI  - Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. In vitro effects of purified
      hormone-receptor complexes on the initiation of RNA synthesis in chromatin.
AB  - We have investigated the manner by which progesterone receptors act to induce
      initiation of RNA synthesis in a cell-free system derived from chick oviduct. A
      method utilizing rifampicin enabled us to measure the formation of binary
      initiation complexes between RNA polymerase and chick oviduct chromatin (Tsai, M.
      J., Schwartz, R.J., Tsai S.Y., and O'Malley, B.W. (1975) J.Biol. Chem. 250, 5165
      5174) and allowed for the quantitative assessment of RNA chain initiation sites,
      RNA chain propagation rates, and RNA chain size under conditions which prevent
      secondary chain reinitiations. We have measured the available initiation sites
      for transcription in oviduct chromatin prepared from chicks withdrawn from all
      hormone and then restimulated with a secondary injection of progesterone. Within
      1/2 hour after administration of progesterone, the number of initiation sites
      increased from 8,700 sites/pg of chromatin DNA for the control to 15,500 sites.
      After 1 hour, the concentration of RNA polymerase needed to saturate chromatin
      binding sites was increased 60% in comparison to control values, while the number
      of initiation sites increased 160%. This rapid increment in transcriptional
      activity preceded temporally the induction of synthesis of ovalbumin mRNA. To
      test directly the effect of progesterone receptor on transcription, in vitro, a
      reconstituted cell-free system was employed which contained purified cytoplasmic
      progesterone-receptor complexes, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, and chromatin
      prepared from hormonally withdrawn chick oviducts. Purified progesterone-receptor
      complex stimulated transcription of oviduct chromatin in vitro by promoting an
      increase of 3,000 to 5,000 additional sites for RNA chain initiation. These data
      showed that progesterone receptor can directly increase the number of RNA
      polymerase binding and initiation sites in the chromatin template in the absence
      of a detectable change in either the rate of RNA chain propagation or the size of
      the RNA product. The kinetics of progesterone-receptor stimulation of RNA
      synthesis in chromatin revealed a t1/2 of 15 min for this effect to occur. This
      value was identical with the optimal time required for binding of receptor to
      chromatin. The concentration of receptor required for half-maximal stimulation of
      RNA chain initiation was approximately 5 x 10(-9) M. This value agreed closely
      with our previously reported estimates of the affinity (Kd approximately 5 x 10(
      9)M) of the progesterone-receptor complex for oviduct chromatin. The stimulatory
      effect of purified progesterone receptor appeared to be relatively specific for
      oviduct chromatin in comparison to nontarget tissue chromatins or chick DNA. The
      data presented here show that steroid hormone-receptor complex can directly
      regulate gene transcription in vitro in a manner which mimics the events observed
      in vivo in target cells.

PMID- 182693
TI  - Human plasma lipoproteins as accelerators of prothrombin activation.
AB  - The activation rate of bovine prothrombin by Factor Xa and Ca2+ has long been
      known to be greatly enhanced by addition of phospholipid. Upon substitution of
      human plasma lipoproteins for phospholipid (cephalin) in this activation system,
      only very low density lipoprotein enhances prothrombin activation. Low density
      lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein have no stimulatory effect on
      prothrombin activation. On the other hand, the sonicated lipid extracts from very
      low, low, and high density lipoproteins all can substitute for phospholipid in
      potentiating prothrombin activation. The efficiency of each lipid extract, in
      this regard, depends upon its source of extraction, and is greatest for the lipid
      extract of very low density lipoprotein.

PMID- 182694
TI  - Corticosteroid-binding proteins in human colostrum and milk and rat milk.
AB  - A corticosteroid-binding protein was detected in the whey of human colostrum and
      milk which resembles serum corticosteroid-binding globulin in certain respects:
      the equilibrium association constants for cortisol and progesterone binding and
      the apparent molecular size, as determined by Sephadex G-200 chromatography, were
      similar, and cortisol andd progesterone competed strongly for binding to the same
      site in each instance. Dexamethasone-binding activity could not be detected. The
      concentration of corticosteroid-binding protein in the colostrum obtained before
      parturition is about 0.1 muM; the concentration declines rapidly after
      parturition to about 0.01 muM. A corticosteroid-binding protein was found, also,
      in the whey of mature rat milk at levels of about 0.3 muM. This protein resembles
      rat serum corticosteroid-binding globulin: the equilibrium association constants
      for cortisol, corticosterone, and progesterone binding, and the apparent
      molecular size, as determined by Sephadex G-200 chromatography, were similar; the
      elution behavior of the respective proteins on anion exchange chromatography with
      DEAE-Sephadex A-50 was similar, also. Identity of the corticosteroid-binding
      proteins in whey with corticosteroid-binding globulin in serum is not presumed,
      however. Rat and human whey exhibited very little testosterone- or 17 beta
      estradiol-binding activity. It is suggested the corticosteroid-binding proteins
      may play a significant physiological role in regulating the concentration of the
      bound and unbound forms of progesterone and cortisol in the fluids bathing the
      epithelial cells lining the mammary ducts and acini.

PMID- 182695
TI  - In vitro activation of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase by phosphorylation.
AB  - Essentially pure phenylalanine hydroxylase from rat liver can be activated
      between 2.5- and 3.0-fold by treatment with Mg2+, ATP, protein kinase, and cyclic
      AMP. The activation is seen when the hydroxylase is assayed in the presence of
      tetrahydrobiopterin, but not in the presence of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7
      dimethyltetrahydropteridine. In the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP, activation is
      accompanied by incorporation of 32P into the protein to the extent of 0.7 mol/mol
      of hydroxylase subunit (Mr = 50,000). Cehmical analysis of the untreated enzyme
      shows that it already contains about 0.3 mol of Pi/mol of hydroxylase. These
      results suggest that the activity of the hydroxylase may be regulated by
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 182696
TI  - Phosphorylation of rat liver ribonucleic acid polymerase I by nuclear protein
      kinases.
AB  - Phosphorylation of rat liver RNA polymerase I occurred when intact rat liver
      nuclei were incubated with [gamma32P]ATP and N6,O2' dibutyryl cyclic 3':5'-AMP.
      In addition, partially purified RNA polymerase I could be phosphorylated in vitro
      by an endogenous protein kinase. Phosphorylation by either method was followed by
      extensive purification of the enzyme. This revealed that 32P remained bound to
      the enzyme throughout purification. Analysis of the homogeneous labeled protein
      by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions followed by
      autoradiography revealed that only one of the two forms of RNA polymerase I in
      rat liver nuclei was phosphorylated. RNA polymerase II was not phosphorylated in
      intact nuclei. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the phosphorylated RNA
      polymerase I in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by
      autoradiography demonstrated that the 32P was located primarily on enzyme
      subunits SA1, SA3, and SA5-SA6. High voltage paper electrophoresis of a partial
      acid hydrolysate of phosphorylated RNA polymerase I revealed that both serine and
      threonine residues were phosphroylated. N6,O2'-Dibutyryl cyclic 3':5'-AMP
      stimulated endogenous RNA polymerase I activity and endogenous nuclear protein
      phosphorylation in intact nuclei. These results suggest that phosphorylation of
      RNA polymerase I by nuclear protein kinases may play a role in the control of
      transcription in mammalian cells.

PMID- 182697
TI  - Angioglomoid tumor of bone. A case report.

PMID- 182698
TI  - Treatment of fractures of the femoral neck by replacement with the Thompson
      prosthesis.
AB  - The case histories of 361 subcapital fractures of the femoral neck in 354
      patients treated by primary replacement with the cemented Thompson prosthesis
      were reviewed, and 156 survivors were seen at follow-up. The average age was
      eighty-one years. Three hundred and thirty fractures occurred in women and thirty
      one in men. The antero-lateral approach to the hip was used at all operations
      because it allows immediate and unrestricted mobilisation after operation. It is
      considered that this method is the best treatment in the rehabilitation of
      elderly patients after high femoral neck fractures, because of its low morbidity
      and high success rate in returning the geriatric orthopaedic patient to
      independence. The results after an average of just over three years were
      available for 161 hips in 156 patients studied at follow-up. Of these, 132 (82
      per cent) were satisfactory. Most of the unsatisfactory results were in patients
      under seventy-five years of age. Out of the whole group of 361 hips treated the
      important early complications were wound infections in seventeen hips 4-7 per
      cent), all of which resolved, and dislocation in seven hips (2 per cent). Forty
      six patients (12-9 per cent) died during the first four weeks after operation,
      their average age being eighty-five. One hundred and seventy-one patients (47-4
      per cent) were discharged from hospital within under four weeks of the operation.
      Acetabular erosion and loosening are shown to be the important later
      complications. Three patients had late sepsis.

PMID- 182699
TI  - Ecto-ganglioside-sialidase activity of herpes simplex virus-transformed hamster
      embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - Cellular location of ganglioside-sialidase activity was determined in confluent
      hamster embryo fibroblasts transformed with herpes simplex virus type 2.
      Approximately equal specific activities of ganglioside-sialidase activity were
      found to be associated with the crude lysosomal and crude plasma membrane
      fractions isolated from whole cell homogenates. Whole transformed cells
      hydrolyzed exogenous ganglioside substrate, suggesting a partial location of the
      cellular sialidase on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of these cells.
      Intact cells were treated with the diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid, a
      nonpenetrating reagent inhibitory to ecto-enzymes (DePierre, J.W., and M. L.
      Karnovsky. 1974. J. Biol. Chem. 249:7111-7120). Cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase
      activity was not inhibited by this treatment, and mitochondrial succinate
      dehydrogenase activity was inhibited only 10%, indicating that intracellular
      enzymes were not affected. 5'-Nucleotidase activity was diminished 90%, and
      sialidase very rapidly lost 40% of its exogenously directed activity. These
      results show that, in herpes simplex virus-transformed fibroblasts, ganglioside
      sialidase is both a lysosomal and a plasma membrane enzyme. The plasma membrane
      sialidase is capable of acting on endogenous plasma membrane sialolipids and also
      functions in the cultured transformed cell as an ecto-enzyme which can attack
      exogenous substrates.

PMID- 182700
TI  - Cell to substratum adhesion-promoting activity released by normal and virus
      transformed cells in culture.
AB  - It is demonstrated here that cultured fibroblasts release into their medium a
      nondialyzable, protease-sensitive factor(s) capable of promoting the adhesion and
      spreading of virus-transformed rat fibroblasts on a plastic substratum. A
      relatively sensitive biological assay is described for quantitation of the
      adhesion-promoting factor (APF) activity in serum-free, conditioned medium
      harvested from the cultures. Evidence is presented which indicates that the
      primary mode of action of the APF is by binding to and modifying the properties
      of the substratum. Conditioned media harvested after 24 h of incubation in
      similarly populated cultures of normal fibroblasts of diverse animal species
      exhibited similar levels of APF activity. However, conditioned media obtained
      from Rous sarcoma virus (Prague strain)-transformed and avian sarcoma virus B77
      transformed rat fibroblasts exhibited three- to sixfold lower levels of APF
      activity than media conditioned in parallel cultures of heterologous or
      homologous normal fibroblasts. Cultivation of B77 virus-transformed rat cells in
      the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline led to as much as a
      sevenfold increase in the level of APF activity appearing in the culture medium,
      with a concomitant increase in the adhesiveness of the cells to the culture
      substratum. The results support the role of extracellular macromolecules in cell
      to substratum adhesion. It is postulated that the reduced adhesiveness of
      transformed cells to a substratum may be at least partially owing to a deficiency
      in the production and/or release of APF-like macromolecules.

PMID- 182701
TI  - Fibrils attached to the nuclear pore prevent egress of SV40 particles from the
      infected nucleus.
AB  - SV40 particles can apparently enter the nucleus intact. However, they do not
      leave the nucleus despite the high concentration present during the productive
      phase. We found structural evidence that SV40 virus is prevented from approaching
      the most likely site of exit, the nuclear pore complex. From these images, it is
      concluded that the fibrils attached to the nuclear pore complex prevent egress of
      SV40 particles from the infected nucleus.

PMID- 182703
TI  - Stimulation by N6,O2'-dibutyrul andenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate of RNA and
      DNA synthesis and of cell proliferation of rat hepatocytes in primary tissue
      culture.
AB  - The effects of DBcAMP in doses from 1.5 x 10(-8) to 1.5 x 10(-3) M on the
      compartmental apparent surface area (ASA) and (5(-3H)uridine radioactivity
      concentration (URC), (methyl-3H)thymidine labelling index per 1 hour ([Me-3H]Tdr
      LI/h) and per cent mitotic index (MI%) and colchicine metaphase index (CMI%) of
      young rat differentiated hepatocytes in primary tissue culture were investigated
      by morphometric and radioautographie methods. In these cells DBcAMP was found to
      elicit: (1) progressive increments in the ASA of nucleoli, karyoplasm and
      cytoplasm; (2) peak increases in nucleolar URC at 1.5 x 10(-8) and 10(-5) M, but
      a slight decrease at 1.5 x 10(-3) M; (3) singificant increments in karyoplasmic
      and total nuclear URC at all doses, except at 1.5 x 10(-6) and 10(-4) M, when
      such parameters remained at control levels; (4) steady and progressive increases
      in cytoplasmic and total cell URC values; (5) marked increments in (Me-3H)Tdr
      LI/h, MI% and CMI% up to the dose of 1.5 x 10(-4) M, but at 1.5 x 10(-3) M these
      parameters were found to be either much less enhanced or to approach closely to
      control values. cAMP in doses from 1.5 x 10(-8) to 10(-4) M also markedly
      incremented the in vitro hepatocyte CMI%, while having a lesser stimulatory
      effect at 1.5 x 10(-3)M. Finally of the various possible metabolites of DBcAMP
      administered at 1.5 x 10(-8) M to liver cultures, N6- and O2'-MBcAMP and, again,
      cAMP significantly increased the CMI%, of cultured hepatocytes, whereas 5'-AMP,
      adenosine and allantoin had no significant effect and Na-butyrate slightly
      decreased it. The present observations strengthen the hypothesis that cAMP and
      its butyrated derivatives, by possibly amplifying the template activity of the
      liver chromatin, accelerate the flow of differentiated primary young rat
      hepatocytes into the various stages of the mitotic cell cycle.

PMID- 182704
TI  - Detection of sodium alkanesulphonates and alkylbenzenesulphonates by polyamide
      thin-layer chromatography.
AB  - A thin-layer chromatographic method was investigated in which two series of
      sodium alkanesulphonates (C4-C18) and alkylbenzenesulphonates (C0-C14) were
      separated. All of the compounds tested were clearly separated on polyamide layers
      with aqueous ammonia-pyridine and aqueous ammonia-pyridine-methanol systems and
      detected with high sensitivity by spraying with a pynacryptol yellow reagent and
      then observing under UV light (253.6nm).

PMID- 182702
TI  - Cytotoxicity for tumor cells of cationic proteins from human neutrophil granules.
AB  - Cationic proteins purified from human polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules exert
      a cytotoxic effect on mammalian tumor cells. This effect is time and
      concentration dependent, is inhibited by the anionic agent heparin, and is
      enhanced by preheating the cationic proteins. Other strongly basic proteins
      (histone, protamine) also exhibited cytotoxic activity. Myeloperoxidase isolated
      from human leukocytes is cytotoxic when combined with H2O2 and chloride. Under
      these conditions, the potency of the myeloperoxidase-mediated system is greater
      than that of the cationic proteins.

PMID- 182705
TI  - Rapid method for the quantitative determination of porphyrin methyl esters by
      high-pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 182706
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of some sulphonamides.

PMID- 182707
TI  - Determination of free toluene diisocyanate in polyurethane prepolymers by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 182708
TI  - Separation of drug substances by modern liquid chromatography on silver
      impregnated silica gels.
AB  - The use of silver halide impregnated supports for high-pressure liquid
      chromatographic (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis of drug
      substances has been studied. Successful separations of xanthines and mixtures
      containing barbiturates, xanthines, ergot alkaloids, and tropane alkaloids have
      been achieved with isocratic conditions or by using simple gradients. The Ag
      supports show a similar behavior as many chemically bonded stationary phases,
      such as modification fo adsorption sites on silica gel to give lower retention
      but better specificity; rapid reconditioning in connection with gradient elution
      (3-5 minutes). Reasonable cost, simplicity of preparation and usage, and good
      chemical and physical stability render the silver halide phases applicable in
      routine analysis and quite competitive with many commercially available
      chemically bonded stationary phases.

PMID- 182709
TI  - A method for the gas chromatographic determination of vitamin D and related
      structures.
AB  - A procedure is described for the separation of Vitamin D and related compounds by
      gas-liquid chromatography using flame ionization detection. The method involves a
      two-step conversion: isomerization to the corresponding (all trans)
      isotachysterol(s) followed by methyl ether derivatization of the alcohol
      group(s). The procedure provides a means for identification as well as a possible
      basis for quantitation of Vitamin D and analogs.

PMID- 182710
TI  - Estrone and estradiol in patients with cirrhosis of the liver: effects of ACTH
      and dexamethasone.
AB  - To study the influence of the adrenal gland on plasma estrogen levels in male
      patients with hepatic cirrhosis, estrone and estradiol were measured under a
      variety of experimental conditions. Compared to controls, estradiol levels were
      moderately elevated by 26% (P is less than 0.05) in patients with hepatic
      cirrhosis (28.5 +/- 5.4 vs. 36.0 +/- 4.7 pg/ml plasma; n: 12), whereas estrone
      levels exhibited a two- to threefold increase under basal conditions (32.5 +/-
      5.6 vs. 67.8 +/- 20.8 pg/ml; P is less than 0.01). ACTH application resulted in a
      striking increase in plasma estrone levels in both patients with hepatic
      cirrhosis and in normal subjects (61.8 +/- 27.5 vs. 27.3 +/- 7.8 pg/ml). During
      stimulation with ACTH, estradiol levels showed no significant changes. After
      suppression of the adrenal gland by dexamethasone administered for 5 days, plasma
      concentrations of estrone and estradiol were found to be reduced. The absolute
      decrease of estrone was significantly greater in patients with hepatic cirrhosis
      than in healthy male subjects (35.5 +/- 12.6 vs. 21.3 +/- 6.0 pg/ml; P is less
      than 0.05; n: 8). Estrogen values, however, were still high in patients with
      hepatic cirrhosis after 5 days of dexamethasone administration (37.1 +/- 17.6 pg
      estrone/ml and 23.9 +/- 3.6 pg estradiol/ml plasma). It is suggested that
      elevated plasma values of estrogens in this disorder may be derived predominantly
      from adrenal production. Peripheral conversion of androgens to estrone rather
      than to estradiol appears to be more effective in sustaining plasma levels of
      estrogens in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

PMID- 182711
TI  - Effects of estrogens on adrenal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in
      ovariectomized women.
AB  - The acute and chronic effects of estradiol (E2) on the serum levels of four
      delta5,3-beta hydroxysteroids and their four delta4, 3-keto products were studied
      in four ovariectomized women with and without adrenal stimulation by ACTH. Six
      hour infusions of saline and of synthetic 1-24 ACTH were administered and later
      repeated with a two hour infusion of E2 50 mug/h. The patients were then given 50
      mug of ethinyl estradiol (EE2) p.o. for 4 to 6 weeks and the control and ACTH
      infusions were again repeated. Levels of pregnenolone3 (Pe), 17alpha
      hydroxypregnenolone (17 Pe), progesterone (Po), 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17
      Po), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (Adione), androstenediol
      (Adiol), and testosterone (T), as well as cortisol and DHEA-sulfate were measured
      by radioimmunoassay on serum samples taken at 1200 and 1300 h. There was no
      significant effect of E2 or EE2 in the doses administered with or without
      exogenous ACTH on 3 betaOHSD activity as reflected in absolute steroid levels or
      in the ratio of concentrations of each delta5:delta4 steroid pair. During the 4th
      and 5th hour of ACTH infusion, the plasma level of 17 Pe (mean 22.5-fold
      stimulation) was most elevated, followed by 17 Po (12.5-fold), Pe (10-fold),
      cortisol (5.9-fold) and Po (4.5-fold), with smaller increases for the other
      steroids. These results, as well as the pattern of change in plasma levels in one
      of the subjects in whom fifteen minute samples were measured, provide further
      evidence suggesting that the major pathway for cortisol biosynthesis in vivo
      proceeds from Pe via 17 Pe, and not via Po.

PMID- 182712
TI  - ACTH and cortisol responses to glucagon stimulation.
AB  - The effect of the intramuscular injection of various doses of glucagon in 15
      healthy subjects was studied. Significant elevations of plasma ACTH, and cortisol
      were found to occur 3 h after the administration of 4 mg of crystalline glucagon.
      Mean levels in 7 subjects were for ACTH 44 +/- 30 (SD) pg/ml, and for cortisol 14
      +/- 6 (SD) mug/100 ml at the beginning of the test, and rose to 109 +/- 48 (SD)
      pg/ml and to 23 +/- 5 (SD) mug/100 ml respectively following glucagon. The peak
      response of ACTH and cortisol was preceded by a significant rise of plasma
      insulin, by a fall of the blood glucose, which was initially increased by the
      administration of glucagon, and by the symptoms of nausea and sweating. This
      study demonstrates that the intramuscluar administration of glucagon (4 mg)
      provids a potent stimulus to ACTH and cortisol secretion in healthy subjects.

PMID- 182713
TI  - Stability of pseudorabies virus during freeze-drying and storage: effect of
      suspending media.
AB  - The effect of suspending media on the stability of pseudorabies virus upon freeze
      drying and subsequent storage was studied. A variety of media was tested,
      including: sodium glutamate; sucrose; lactose; lactalbumin hydrolysate; peptone;
      a combination of sucrose, dextran, and glutamate; and various combinations of
      sucrose, glutamate, and potassium phosphates. Suspending media containing
      glutamate, either alone or in combination with sucrose and either dextran or
      phosphates, afforded the greatest degree of protection during the freeze-drying
      process and upon storage. Some possible functions of these additives in
      preventing injury to the virus during freezing and drying have been suggested.

PMID- 182714
TI  - Recovery of applied human leukocyte interferon from the nasal mucosa of
      chimpanzees and humans.
AB  - Intranasally applied human leukocyte interferon was recovered locally in 9 of 10
      chimpanzees and 3 of 3 human volunteers tested. A 5- to 50-fold reduction in
      interferon was observed over 60 min.

PMID- 182715
TI  - Continuing search for the etiology of cat scratch disease.
AB  - Fifty cat scratch disease patients were tested for antibodies against candidate
      etiological agents, with inconclusive results. Future research should emphasize
      new viral isolation methods to discover the elusive agent.

PMID- 182716
TI  - Plaque reduction neutralization test for human cytomegalovirus based upon
      enhanced uptake of neutral red by virus-infected cells.
AB  - Foci of cells infected with human cytomegalovirus were noted to stain more
      intensely than uninfected cells with neutral red, and this provided the basis for
      development of a plaque assay and plaque reduction neutralization test for
      cytomegalovirus. Plaques demonstrable by neutral red staining could be counted at
      8 days after infection; thus, results could be obtained earlier than for plaque
      assay systems based upon the viral cytopathic effect, a fewer manipulations were
      required for staining cell monolayers to demonstrate plaques. Certain variables
      affecting plaque size and numbers and antibody titers were defined. Addition of
      fresh guinea pig complement to the reaction mixtures markedly enhanced
      cytomegalovirus-neutralizing antibody titers of hyperimmune animal sera, but
      titers of human sera were enhanced only two-or fourfold.

PMID- 182717
TI  - Genetic Transformation as a tool for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
AB  - A rapid method for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, making use of the
      ability of deoxyribonucleic acid samples from clinically isolated strains of this
      organism to transform nutritional mutants of a particular strain of N.
      gonorrhoeae, has been described. In addition to using isolated cultures,
      transforming deoxyribonucleic acid can be obtained directly from the material
      that adheres to swabs of the cervix or the urethra. The time interval for
      transfer of swabs to the diagnostic laboratory is not a significant factor. It is
      not necessary to use pure cultures on primary isolation plates to obtain
      definitive results. Nongonorrhoeae  neisserias, as well as a large variety of
      commonly encountered unrelated bacteria, do not react or interfere in the
      transformation assay when using one of the mutant strains under a standardized
      set of conditions. The entire assay can be completed in less than 24 h. It has
      also been shown that type T4 cells of the strain of N. gonorrhoeae employed in
      the present study are competent for genetic transformation, although type T4
      cells are transformed at a significantly lower frequency than are type T2 cells
      of the same strain.

PMID- 182718
TI  - Male pseudohermaphroditism presumably due to target organ unresponsiveness to
      androgens. Deficient 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding in cultured skin
      fibroblasts.
AB  - Maximum specific 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding activity (Bmax) had
      been measured in intact confluent monolayers representing fibroblast strains
      derived form nongenital and genital (labium majus) skin of normal individuals and
      of 11 patients fulfilling the clinicogenetic criteria of complete testicular
      feminization (TF). Nine labium majus strains from adult females had a mean Bmax
      value three times greater than that of seven nongenital strains from adult
      females (33 vs. 11 fmol/mg cell protein). The Bmax results for 13 adult
      nongenital strains varied from 5.6 to 23.3 fmol/mg protein; the values for males
      and females had very similar means and ranges. The variation could not be
      correlated with the chronologic age of adult skin explant donors or with the in
      vitro age (mean population doubling level) of the cultures assayed. The Bmax
      activities of three nongenital strains from normal infants  (two male, one
      female) did not exceed 5 fmol/mg protein. Seven of eight nongenital TF strains
      had Bmax values below 2 fmol/mg protein; the value for the eighth coincided with
      the lower limit of normal adults. The lower limit of DHT binding in normal labium
      majus strains was 15 fmol/mg protein. Three of five labial strains from patients
      with TF had Bmax values close to zero; the other two fell between 10 and 15
      fmol/mg protein. It is apparant that labial skin fibroblast strains from
      clinically homogeneous patients with TF had highly variable degrees of DHT
      binding deficiency, and that they permit a more reliable diagnosis of severe and
      intermediate degrees of DHT binding deficiency than do strains of nongenital skin
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 182719
TI  - Synthesis of very low density lipoproteins in the cockerel. Effects of estrogen.
AB  - The effect of estrogen on the synthesis of plasma very low density lipoproteins
      (VLDL) in the cockerel was studied both in vivo and in vitro. Synthesis was
      studied by immunoprecipitation techniques with antisera prepared against VLDL and
      a major VLDL protein. VLDL were isolated from the plasma of white Leghorn hens
      and estrogen-treated white Leghorn cockerels by ultracentrifugal flotation at d
      1.006 g/ml. After delipidation, the lipid-free proteins (apoproteins) were
      fractionated on Sephadex G-150 and DEAE-cellulose. Both the hen and the estrogen
      treated cockerel VLDL were shown to contain an identical apoprotein with a mol wt
      of approximately 12,000; the apoprotein is designated fraction B. Reduction and S
      carboxy-methylation of fraction B resulted in a reduction of the molecular weight
      by approximately one-half, indicating a dimer-monomer relationship. Antiserum
      prepared to the hen VLDL dimer protein gave precipitin lines of complete identity
      to both the hen and cockerel dimer, monomer, VLDL, apoVLDL, low density
      lipoproteins, and plasma; no precipitin line was formed with either hen or
      cockerel high density lipoproteins. After a single subcutaneous injection of
      diethylstilbestrol into the cockerel, plasma VLDL protein, cholesterol, and
      triglyceride increased, reaching a maximum 24--48 h after hormone administration.
      Liver slices from similarly treated animals were incubated in vitro in culture
      medium in the presence of [3H]lysine for 2 h. Immunoprecipitable radioactivity in
      VLDL increased within 2 h of diethylstilbestrol treatment and reached a maximum
      at 24 h; VLDL radioactivity returned to base-line levels by 72 h. At the peak of
      induction, newly synthesized VLDL represented 11% of the total soluble protein
      synthesized. When actinomycin-D (5 mg/kg) was administered simultaneously with
      estrogen, the induction of VLDL synthesis was totally inhibited. To determine
      whether the effect of estrogen on VLDL synthesis was mediated at the level of
      transcription, partially-purified cockerel liver mRNA was prepared from estrogen
      treated animals and the mRNA activity for fraction B was quantitated in a wheat
      germ translation system. Fraction B mRNA was found to increase from a low base
      line value to a maximum 16-24 h after estrogen treatment, returning towards
      baseline values at 30 h. At the peak of induction, fraction B constituted 12% of
      the total protein synthesized. The kinetics of induction of fraction B mRNA
      activity in the cell-free translation system is very similar to that observed in
      liver slice experiments. This finding suggests that estrogen stimulates VLDL
      synthesis, at least partially, by enhancing the accumulation of the mRNA for one
      of their major apoproteins.

PMID- 182720
TI  - Aspirin effects on lymphocyte cyclic AMP levels in normal human subjects.
AB  - In purified lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of healthy human subjects who
      had ingested therapeutic doses of aspirin, there was a significant decrease in
      resting cyclic AMP levels as well as a partial inhibition of the rise in cyclic
      AMP with isoproterenol or prostaglandin E1. These changes were seen as early as
      30 min after aspirin ingestion and did not appear to result from aspirin effects
      on lymphocyte recovery, purity, viability, or relative number of thymus- or bone
      marrow-derived lymphocytes. In contrast, the direct addition of aspirin to
      suspensions of purified peripheral lymphocytes did not significantly alter their
      cyclic AMP levels. However, an effect of aspirin could be obtained in vitro if
      aspirin was added to unprocessed whole blood during the dextran sedimentation
      phase of the cell purification. Thus the effect of aspirin on lymphocyte cyclic
      AMP metabolism, may be indirect, through other cells present in the peripheral
      blood.

PMID- 182721
TI  - Direct stimulation of bone resorption by thyroid hormones.
AB  - Although hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, and increased bone turnover are associated
      with thyrotoxicosis, no direct effects of thyroid hormones on bone metabolism
      have been reported previously in organ culture. We have now demonstrated that
      prolonged treatment with thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) can directly
      increase bone resorption in cultured fetal rat long bones as measured by the
      release of previously incorporated 45Ca. T4 and T3 at 1 muM to 10 nM increased
      45Ca release by 10-60% of total bone 45Ca during 5 days of culture. The medium
      contained 4 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin to which 90% of T4 and T3 were bound,
      so that free concentrations were less than 0.1 muM. The response to T4 and T3 was
      inhibited by cortisol (1 muM) and calcitonin (100 mU/ml). Indomethacin did not
      inhibit T4 response suggesting that T4 stimulation of bone resorption was not
      mediated by increased prostaglandin synthesis by the cultured bone. Matrix
      resorption was demonstrated by a decrease in extracted dry weight and
      hydroxyproline concentration of treated bones and by histologic examination which
      also showed increased osteoclast activity. The effects of thyroid hormones were
      not only slower than those of other potent stimulators of osteoclastic bone
      resorption (parathyroid hormone, vitamin D metabolites, osteoclast activating
      factor, and prostaglandins), but the maximum response was not as great. We
      conclude that T4 and T3 can directly stimulate bone resorption in vitro at
      concentrations approaching those which occur in thyrotoxicosis. This effect may
      explain the disturbances of calcium metabolism seen in hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 182722
TI  - In vitro behavior of human intestinal mucosa. The influence of acetyl choline on
      ion transport.
AB  - The possibility that the autonomic nervous system may influence the function of
      intestinal mucosa was investigated by assessing the effect of acetyl choline on
      ion transport in human intestine. Isolated pieces of stripped ileal mucosa were
      mounted in Perspex flux-chambers and bathed in isotonic glucose Ringer's
      solution. Acetyl choline caused a rise in mean potential difference (8.8-12.3 mV,
      P less than 0.002) and short circuit current (287.7-417.2 muA-cm-2, P less than
      0.01) (n = 12), observable at a concentration of 0.01 mM and maximal at 0.1 mM.
      This effect was enhanced by neostigmine and blocked by atropine. Isotopic flux
      determinations revealed a change from a small mean net Cl absorption (58) to a
      net Cl secretion (-4.3mueq-cm-2-h-1P less than 0.001) due predominantly to an
      increase in the serosal to mucosal unidirectional flux of Cl (10.63-14.35 mueq-cm
      2-h-1P less than 0.05) and a smaller reduction in the mucosal to serosal flux
      (11.22 to 10.02 mueq-cm-2-h-1P less than 0.05). Unidirectional and net Na
      transport was unaffected. A similar electrical and ion transport response was
      observed in a single study of two pieces of jejunal mucosa. In the absence of
      glucose net chloride secretion was produced and again an insignificant effect on
      net sodium transport was noted. Acetyl choline did not provoke a sustained effect
      on mucosal cyclic adenine nucleotide levels although a short-lived cyclic adenine
      nucleotide response was seen in some tissues 20-30 s after drug addition. These
      studies demonstrate that acetyl choline does influence human intestinal ion
      transport by stimulating chloride secretion and suggest a possible mechanism by
      which the parasympathetic nervous system could be concerned in the control of ion
      transport.

PMID- 182723
TI  - Aldosterone receptors and the evaluation of plasma mineralocorticoid activity in
      normal and hypertensive states.
AB  - Aldosterone receptors from rat kidney slices were utilized in a competitive
      binding technique to analyze the contribution of various steroids to plasma
      "mineralocorticoid" activity and to assess their possible role in hypertension.
      To consider simultaneously the plasma binding, steroids were incubated with
      slices in undiluted plasma; competitor activities for [3H]aldosterone binding
      were aldosterone, 100%; deoxycorticosterone, 16.2%; cortisol, 0.4%; and 18
      hydroxy-deoxy-corticosterone and d18-hydroxy-corticosterone, 0.1%. These steroids
      were more active in buffer than plasma, suggesting that they bind to plasma and
      that this reduces their receptor binding. Analysis of the competition data
      suggests that at normal plasma concentrations, aldosterone occupies the receptors
      to a major extent, cortisol occupies some of the receptors, and
      deoxycorticosterone and 8-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone contribute little to
      receptor occupancy. Two steroids implicated in low-renin essential hypertension,
      16beta-hydroxy-dehydro-epiandrosterone and 16-oxoandrostenediol, did not have
      significant competitor activity. Competitor activity in plasmas from normal
      subjects taken at 12 noon (upright) was greater than that in those taken at 8
      a.m. (supine). Since the 12 noon samples had higher aldosterone and lower
      cortisol levels than the 8 a.m. samples, the competitor activity under these
      physiological circumstances reflects aldosterone more than cortisol. The
      competitor activities of plasmas from patients relative to normal subjects (100+/
      12.1%; mean+/-SEM) were: normal renin "essential" hypertension, 117+/-14%; low
      renin essential hypertension, 101+/-6.6%; and primary aldosteronism, 176+/-14.3%.
      Thus a significant increase in activity of steroids that interact with
      mineralocorticoid receptors was detected in primary aldosteronism (P LESS THAN
      0.01) BUT WAS NOT DETECTED IN LOW-RENIN OR NORMAL-RENIN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION.

PMID- 182724
TI  - Discoidal bilayer structure of nascent high density lipoproteins from perfused
      rat liver.
AB  - Rat livers were perfused for 6 h without added plasma proteins using washed
      erythrocytes and buffer in a recirculating system. An inhibitor to the enzyme
      lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (5,5'-dithionitrobenzoic acid) was added in
      some experiments to prevent modification of substrate-lipids contained in
      secreted lipoproteins. The inhibitor did not detectably alter hepatic
      ultrastructure or gas exchange, but it inhibited the secreted lecithin
      cholesterol acyltransferase by more than 85%. Very low density lipoproteins in
      perfusate were unaltered but the high density lipoproteins obtained from livers
      perfused with the inhibitor appeared disk-shaped in negative stain by electron
      microscopy with a mean edge thickness of 46 +/- 5 A and a mean diameter of 190 +/
      25 A. The high density lipoproteins were composed predominantly of polar lipids
      and protein with only small amounts of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. The
      major apoprotein of these discoidal fractions had the same electrophoretic
      mobility as the arginine-rich apoprotein, whereas plasma high density
      lipoproteins contained mainly the A-I approtein. In all these respects the
      discoidal perfusate high density lipoproteins closely resemble those found in
      human plasma which is deficient in lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase.
      Perfusate high density lipoproteins obtained in the absence of the enzyme
      inhibitor more closely resembled plasma high density lipoproteins in chemical
      composition (content of cholesteryl esters and apoproteins) and in electron
      microscopic appearance. Purified lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase synthesized
      cholesteryl esters at a substantially faster rate from substrate lipids of
      perfusate high density lipoproteins than those from plasma. The discoidal high
      density lipoproteins were the best substrate for this reaction. Thin sections of
      plasma high density lipoproteins indicated a spherical particle whereas discoidal
      high density lipoproteins stained with the characteristic trilaminar image of
      membranes. These observations suggest that the liver secretes disk-shaped lipid
      bilayer particles which represent both the nascent form of high density
      lipoproteins and preferred substrate for lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase.

PMID- 182725
TI  - Letter: Rheovirus and E. coli in infantile enteritis.

PMID- 182726
TI  - Clotting and fibrinolysis.

PMID- 182728
TI  - A study of the lesion known as granular cell myoblastoma. (Case report).

PMID- 182727
TI  - Long-term effects on the liver.

PMID- 182729
TI  - Photolysis of hexachlorobenzene.

PMID- 182730
TI  - Formation of free-radical products by the reaction of dehydroascorbic acid with
      amino acids.

PMID- 182731
TI  - Modulation of human T lymphocyte rosette formation by autonomic agonists and
      cyclic nucleotides.
AB  - Early rosette formation by T lymphocytes appears to be modulated by cyclic
      nucleotides. Dibutyryl cyclic 3',5' adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) 10(-2) M
      inhibited E rosette formation up to 83%, while 10(-6) M 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine
      monophosphate (cyclic GMP) increased rosette formation maximally to 67.4% with
      less pronounced effect at increased concentrations. T lymphocyte receptors for
      beta adrenergic, alpha adrenergic, and muscarinic cholinergic agonists appear to
      influence rosette formation. Isoproternol 10(-2) M induced 67.3% inhibition,
      while phenylephrine 10(-5) M and carbamylcholine 10(-4) M were associated with
      enhanced rosette formation of 67.2% and 57.8%, respectively. Selective blockade
      with propranolol, phentolamine, and atropine indicated the presence of separate
      receptor sites. The lack of effect of histamine at concentrations of 10(-3) M and
      above suggests the absence of specific recepotrs on peripheral human T
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 182732
TI  - Nature of the iron-ligand bond in ferrous low spin hemoproteins studied by
      resonance Raman scattering.

PMID- 182733
TI  - Letter: Monomeric molybdenum (V) complexes showing hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2, and
      nitrogen-14 superhyperfine splitting in their electron paramagnetic resonance
      spectra. Implications for molybdenum enzymes.

PMID- 182734
TI  - Protein control of porphyrin conformation. Comparison of resonance Raman spectra
      of heme proteins with mesoporphyrin IX analogues.

PMID- 182735
TI  - Nicotinamide coenzyme regeneration by dihydropyridine and pyridinium
      compounds1a,b.

PMID- 182736
TI  - Why babies cry.

PMID- 182737
TI  - Women graduates of Boston University's six-year combined liberal arts-medicine
      program.

PMID- 182738
TI  - When women and men work together.

PMID- 182739
TI  - Toward an understanding of the career persistence of women physicians.

PMID- 182740
TI  - The status of women physicians: a comparison of USMG women, USMG men, and FMGs.

PMID- 182741
TI  - [Hepatic adenoma and oral contraception].
AB  - The authors report 2 new cases of adenoma of the liver in women who had been
      taking oral contraceptives. They review the world literature and analyse 18 of
      the 31 cases so far described. They consider the theoretical and practical
      problems posed by liver adenomata. As far as the theory goes, they think that
      uninterrupted taking of the pill for several years may cause the liver to become
      hyperactive in order to neutralise the excessive and permanent oestro
      progesterone hormones brought to it. Following this, the liver gland responds
      with hypertrophy. As far as the practical aspect goes, the clinician is faced
      with the problem of supervision and clinical examination of the abdomen of women
      who take the pill for a ling time. Gynaecologist and the general surgeon have to
      know that there are complications with this tumour and in particular acute
      intraperitoneal bleeding.

PMID- 182742
TI  - [Ultrastructural and histochemical study of the zones of the junctions of luteal
      cells in women. Functional significance].
AB  - We are reporting here the results of an electron microscopic study of the
      junction between cells which have been seen in corpora lutea in human beings
      between the 20th and 27th days of the cycle. Conventional electron microscopic
      techniques, using tracers (plotters) for the extracellular spaces as well as
      Thiery's histochemical technique, were used. Two principal types of junctions
      between the cells have been described: tight junctions and septate junctions. A
      discussion takes place about the different histophysiological problems which
      presented (LH hormone receptors and intercellular diffusion of the message).

PMID- 182877
TI  - Preparation of ferritin-avidin conjugates by reductive alkylation for use in
      electron microscopic cytochemistry.
AB  - An improved technique was developed for the unidirectional covalent binding of
      avidin to ferritin by reductive alkylation. The method is based on the oxidation
      of sugar moieties on avidin and subsequent coupling to amino groups of ferritin
      via Schiff's bases followed by reduction with sodium borohydride. The resultant
      conjugate was used as an ultrastructural marker for the localization of surface
      receptor sites on biotin-derivatized whole cells. Erythrocytes were treated
      chemically with sodium meta-periodate and biotin hydrazide in succession. The
      ferritin-avidin conjugates were used to label the biotin sites either before or
      after fixation of the cells. The density and distribution of ferritin avidin
      conjugates on cell surfaces were anlyzed on thin sections and compared with those
      of cationized ferritin, which were shown to bind anionic sites of the erythrocyte
      membrane. The extensions of this method for the visualization of other systems is
      discussed.

PMID- 182878
TI  - Letter: Quantitative localization of cyclic nucleotides in cerebellar folia.

PMID- 182879
TI  - Inhibition of normal mouse lymphocyte mitogen responses by xenogeneic or
      allogeneic antibodies to the MuLV glycoprotein gp71.
AB  - Xenogeneic and allogeneic antisera to the major envelope glycoprotein (gp71) of
      murine leukemia viruses (NyLV) inhibited the mitogenic response of normal mouse
      splenic lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
      This inhibition was specific for gp71 as demonstrated by the inability of
      xenogeneic antisera to other viral glycoproteins or structural proteins to
      inhibit and by the ability of purified antigens to block specifically the
      inhibitory effect. The ability of antisera to gp71 to inhibit LPS responses,
      however, is  highly dependent on the strain and age of mouse spleen cells used
      and appears correlated with the expression of endogenous viruses. Moreover, the
      preferential inhibition of LPS responses suggests that this expression may be
      predominately B cell specific. The results suggest that the inhibitory effect is
      mediated via antibody binding to lymphocytes and that expression of viral
      envelope antigens on the cell surface which bind immunoglobulins can block or
      interfere with the binding or uptake of mitogens. A variety of natural mouse
      immune sera and "tumor" sera, having antibodies directed against gp71, can
      similarly inhibit mitogen responses; and this inhibition can be specifically
      blocked with MuLV or gp71.

PMID- 182880
TI  - The kinetics of interferon production by mouse lymphocytes and its modulating
      effect of the virus plaqueforming cell assay as a quantitative method to
      determine activated lymphocytes.
AB  - The validity of the virus plaque-forming cell (V-PFC) assay as a means to
      quantitate stimulated mouse T cells is dependent on the rate and amount of
      coinciding interferon production which varies with different strains of mice. In
      addition, the V-PFC assay demonstrates that the kinetics of cellular activation
      by mitogens initially involves about 0.01% of responding cells and possibly
      recruitment of other cells which include cells requiring a longer lap period for
      activation.

PMID- 182881
TI  - The role of circulating interferon in the modifications of immune responsiveness
      by mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-3).
AB  - MHV-3 modifies the humoral immune response to SRBC. During acute infections
      timing was critical: infecting mice before antigen administration led to
      immunodepression. Simultaneous injection with virus and SRBC resulted in
      immunostimulation. Persistent MHV-3 infections were associated with a chronic
      immunodepression. The presence of circulating interferon (IF) was well correlated
      with these modifications. IF peaking before antigen was associated with
      immunodepression whereas IF secretion after antigen was associated with
      immunostimulation. Low, permanent levels of IF were associated with chronic
      immunodepression. Since IF is, up to now, the only product of activated
      lymphocytes that has been shown to modulate immune responses, our results suggest
      that induction of IF by MHV-3 may be the main mechanism by which this virus
      modifies immune responsiveness. Moreover, we have shown that MHV-3 infection in
      susceptible mice diminishes the secretion of lymphocyte IF in response to Sendai
      virus. In these animals, the thymus cortex was profoundly depleted although the
      thymus medulla remained unchanged. The MHV-3 infection may, therefore, interfere
      with a subpopulation of IF-secreting lymphocytes. The possible physiologic role
      of such lymphocyte subpopulation in terms of host-virus relationships is
      discussed.

PMID- 182882
TI  - Hepatitis A antigen isolated from liver and stool: immunologic comparison of
      antisera prepared in guinea pigs.
AB  - Morphologically similar hepatitis A antigen particles (HA Ag)3 have been detected
      in the stools of patients with type A hepatitis and in the livers of marmosets
      experimentally infected with hepatitis A virus. To investigate the humoral
      antibody responses to these antigens and to compare the immunologic properties of
      HA Ag from these two sources, we immunized guinea pigs with either marmoset liver
      derived HA Ag or with human stool-derived HA Ag in complete Freund's adjuvant and
      measured their antibody responses by immune electron microscopy (IEM) and immune
      adherence hemagglutination (IAHA). Antibodies reacting with both hepatitis A
      antigens were elicited in both groups. As determined by IEM, no distinction was
      seen between the reaction of guinea pig antiserum to each HA Ag tested under code
      when reacted against either liver-derived or stool-derived HA Ag. Antibodies
      elicited to marmoset liver-derived HA Ag and human stool-derived HA Ag had
      similar end point dilution titers by IAHA when tested against either "light"
      density (1.34 g/cm3) or "heavy" density (1.40 g/cm3) stool-derived HA Ag or liver
      derived HA Ag. Low levels of antibody to normal liver or stool control antigens
      were observed transiently but did not obscure the specific response to HA Ag.
      These data suggest that morphologically similar HA Ag particles from different
      sources and with different densities are immunologically similar and may be
      identical. In contrast to the heterogeneity of surface antigens of hepatitis B
      virus, the comparable immunogenicity and apparent antigenic homogeneity of HA Ags
      derived from various sources may simplify the approach to development of a
      vaccine against viral hepatitis, type A.

PMID- 182883
TI  - Herpes simplex-RAJI(A44), a new cell line for serologic testing by
      immunofluorescence.
AB  - An IF technique for the detection of HSV antibodies by using a lymphoblastoid
      cell line, Raji(A44), which continuously produce a constant amount of HSV
      antigen, is described. IF and IH tests were found to be similar with respect to
      sensitivity and reproducibility. Sero-conversions detected by the CF test were
      detected with this cell line. The Raji(A44) line (cells in suspension) can be
      routinely used for the diagnosis of HSV infection.

PMID- 182884
TI  - Studies on the specificity of in vitro induced lymphocytotoxicity to SV40
      transformed fibroblasts.
AB  - Cytotoxic effector lymphocytes were induced by in vitro immunization of lymph
      node and spleen cells from AKR-mice (H-2k) and from BALB/c-mice (H-2d) to
      syngeneic SV40-transformed fibroblasts. The T cell-dependent cytotoxicity was
      specific for target cells expressing the same H2-specificity as the immunizing
      cells. Nontransformed fibroblasts as stimulator cells did not induce efficient
      cytotoxicity to transformed or nontransformed target cells. Incubation with
      phytohemagglutinin during the sensitization period modified the specificity of
      the T cell-mediated lysis of syngeneic SV40-transformed fibroblasts: allogeneic
      as well as syngeneic target cells were destroyed by these effector cells.
      However, the polyclonal stimulant activates preferentially cytotoxicity to H2
      matched target cells. The in vitro generation of cytotoxic effector cells was
      restricted to living SV40-transformed fibroblasts as immunizing cells; it was not
      possible to immunize lymphocytes in the presence of membrane proteins prepared
      from the SV40-transformed cells. The cytotoxicity of the in vitro immunized
      lymphocytes was inhibited by incubation with membrane protein preparations from
      syngeneic or allogeneic SV40-transformed fibroblasts.

PMID- 182886
TI  - [Studies on variations in hCG levels following treatment of trophoblastic tumors,
      with special reference to criteria governing their typing and remission (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 182885
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for herpes simplex virus.
AB  - Radioimmunoassay has been used for time in the detection of the Australia
      Antigen. In this experiment, radioimmunoassay with Iodine-125 (125I) permitted
      rapid detection of the presence of herpes simplex virus, type I, in vitro. This
      is a convenient technique for the detection of virus, which now requires
      laborious methods involving observation for the cytopathic effect of virus upon
      cultured cells.

PMID- 182887
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte inclusions and impaired bacterial killing in patients
      with Felty's syndrome.
AB  - Humoral factors, phagocytosis, bactericidal capability, and ultrastructural
      morphology of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes were investigated in 10 patients
      with Felty's syndrome. Five patients had suffered significant bacterial
      infections in the past two years while five other patients had not had bacterial
      infections. The patients with infections had higher concentrations of serum
      cryoglobulins, and their neutrophils contained immunoglobulin inclusions as seen
      by immunofluorescent and electron microscopy. Additionally, leukocytes from these
      patients showed decreased ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus and a minor
      defect in phagocytosis. There was a generalized subcellular disorganization of
      these inclusion containing neutrophils and a slower than normal release of
      lysosomes. Several of the above abnormalities may contribute to an increased
      susceptibility to bacterial infections in patients with Felty's syndrome.

PMID- 182888
TI  - Abnormalities of cholesterol turnover in hypercholesterolemic (type II) patients.
AB  - Cholesterol turnover was measured in 5 normal subjects and 14 familial
      hypercholesterolemic (Type II) patients. All patients were fed eucaloric
      cholesterol-free or very low cholesterol formula or mixed-food diets. They were
      given single doses of cholesterol-1,2-3H and cholesterol-4-14C simultaneously,
      one isotope intravenously (IV), and the other orally. Plasma cholesterol specific
      radioactivity decay curves for 3H and 14C isotopes in each patient conformed to
      the short-term (10 to 12 weeks) kinetics of the two-pool model. In type II
      patients, the total mass of cholesterol in pool A was significantly larger by
      about 17 Gm. (by the IV method) and 27 Gm. (by the oral method) as compared with
      normal subjects. The increase in size of pool A in Type II patients occurred
      equally in plasma and tissues comprising pool A (probably liver and intestine).
      The rate constant for the excretion of cholesterol from pool A was significantly
      reduced in the Type II patients. The rate constant for the transfer of
      cholesterol from pool A to pool B was also reduced in the Type II patients.
      Furthermore, the metabolic clearance fraction was decreased by 50 per cent as
      compared with normal subjects. In normal subjects and in Type II patients, the
      size of pool A was significantly larger by about 5 Gm. and 15 Gm., respectively,
      by the oral method as compared with the IV method. This difference in the size of
      pool A probably reflects differences in isotopic equilibration with the
      intestinal mucosal cholesterol pool. All other parameters of cholesterol turnover
      by the IV method as compared with the oral method were similar. Our results
      suggest that the expanded rapidly exchangeable pool of cholesterol (pool A) is
      due to a defect in cholesterol transport and excretion in familial
      hypercholesterolemia (Type II). The decreased rate of removal of cholesterol from
      the plasma and/or catabolism in tissues could be one important cause of familial
      hypercholesterolemia in man.

PMID- 182889
TI  - Effect of cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate on human platelet function.
AB  - The relation of cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to platelet function
      was studied by investigating the influence of this compound and its N2,O2'
      dibutyryl derivative (DBcGMP) on platelet aggregation and the release reaction.
      Both cGMP and dibutyryl cGMP enhanced to an equal extent platelet aggregation
      induced by epinephrine or by chick skin collagen alpha1 chain. The platelet
      release reaction, as measured by the release of [14C]-labeled 5-hydroxytryptamine
      (serotonin) was also enhanced by the cyclic nucleotides. Both compounds were also
      able to partially overcome the inhibitory effect of N6,O2'-dibutyryl 3',5'
      adenosine monophosphate (DBcAMP), prostaglandin E1, and theophylline. The effect
      of DBcGMP did not result from contamination with 5'-GMP. Butyric acid and 5'-GMP,
      either alone or in combination, had no detectable effect on platelet function.
      The in vitro effect of DBcGMP and cGMP was not dependent on preincubation of
      platelets with the compounds. This suggests that their effect is mediated by
      direct action on the platelet membranes. These data are consistent with previous
      observations that the platelet aggregating agents (epinephrine, ADP, collagen,
      and chick collagen alpha1 chains) cause an increase in the content of GMP, and
      support the hypothesis that platelet aggregation is favored by an increase in
      cGMP.

PMID- 182890
TI  - The role of ACTH in the episodic release of aldosterone in patients with
      idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia, hypertension, and hyperaldosteronism.
AB  - The relationship of plasma aldosterone concentration to its identified stimuli
      was examined in three patients with hypertension, hyperaldosteronism, and
      idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia. Four patients with hyperaldosteronism due to
      adrenal adenomas served as controls. Plasma aldosterone, cortisol, sodium, and
      potassium concentrations and renin activity were measured in blood samples taken
      at 20 minute intervals from 2 A.M. to 8 A.M. during recumbency and sleep. The
      tests were performed on all patients following a regular sodium diet both before
      and after short-term treatment with dexamethasone. Two of the three subjects with
      adrenal hyperplasia were re-examined after 2 weeks of dexamethasone therapy. All
      four control patients with adenomas had episodic increases of plasma aldosterone
      which were significantly correlated with those of plasma cortisol (r = +0.48 to
      +0.90). This confirms the previously reported relationship between aldosterone
      and ACTH in such patients. Two patients with idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia had a
      similar secretion pattern and a highly significant correlation of the two
      hormones (r = +0.76 and +0.77); one did not (r = 0.13). Short-term dexamethasone
      pretreatment attenuated the episodic release pattern and partially suppressed the
      mean plasma concentrations of aldosterone in the four patients with an adenoma
      and in the two patients with idiopathic hyperplasia whose plasma aldosterone and
      cortisol concentrations were positively correlated. There was no such effect in
      the third patient. The first two patients with idiopathic hyperplasia were
      subsequently retested following 2 weeks of dexamethasone treatment to determine
      if the episodic secretion pattern of plasma aldosterone would correlated with
      other stimuli following this period of ACTH suppression. One showed little change
      from the pattern observed after short-term glucocorticoid treatment. The second
      had a similarly blunted aldosterone response until ACTH secretion led to a
      resumption of episodic changes in plasma aldosteerone concentrations. These data
      indicate that ACTH frequently is the dominant stimulus of the episodic secretion
      of aldosterone in patients with either adrenal adenomas or hyperplasia. When ACTH
      is suppressed, the hypersecretion of aldosterone is presumably sustained by an
      intrinsic adrenal abnormality or by an as yet unidentified stimulus.

PMID- 182891
TI  - Mathematical evaluation of methods for estimation of the concentration of the
      major lipid components of human serum lipoproteins.
AB  - The concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the three major
      lipoprotein classes of human serum was measured in 136 men, randomly selected
      from an industrial population, by a quantitative method of lipoprotein
      electrophoresis on agarose gel and of fractions separated by preparative
      ultracentrifugation. Correlation coefficients for the two estimates were 0.98 for
      triglycerides in very low-density lipoproteins, 0.93 for total cholesterol in low
      density lipoproteins, and 0.75 for total cholesterol in high-density
      lipoproteins. Data obtained form the analyses of the ultracentrifugal fractions
      were used to develop regression equations that predict the concentrations of
      total cholesterol and triglycerides in the lipoprotein classes from their
      concentrations in whole serum. These equations take into account the inverse
      curvilinear relationship between total cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins
      and serum tiriglyceride concentration. When applied to a separate sample of 530
      men, the predicted values for triglycerides in very low-density lipoproteins and
      total cholesterol in low-density lipoproteins correlated as well with
      ultracentrifugal values as did the electrophoretic estimates. However, for total
      cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins, the electrophoretic method was
      superior. Similar regression equations were developed from ultracentrifugal
      lipoprotein analyses in 158 women from the same industrial population. Although
      the concentration of total cholesterol in the low-density lipoproteins estimated
      by both electrophoresis and the regression equations agreed closely in most cases
      with the ultracentrifugal values, errors exceeded 10% with sufficient frequency
      to limit the value of the estimates for this purpose. In both men and women, the
      ratio of total cholesterol to triglycerides in high-density lipoproteins was a
      hyperbolic function of serum triglyceride concentration, suggesting that
      cholesteryl esters in the core of this lipoprotein are progressively replaced by
      triglycerides as the concentration of triglycerides in very low-density
      lipoproteins increases. This altered composition of nonpolar lipids accounts, at
      least in part, for the reduction of cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins in
      hyperlipemic individuals.

PMID- 182892
TI  - Radiotherapy in carcinoma of the middle ear and auditory canal.
AB  - In the decade 1961 to 1970, 89 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the middle
      ear or auditory canal were seen. Seventy-eight were treated with 5-year survival
      figures of 22 per cent for middle ear, 42 per cent for auditory canal and 31 per
      cent for the total group. The majority of failures occurred within 18 months of
      diagnosis. The author suggests that radiotherapy and surgery must be combined to
      improve results. Eleven patients in the series developed second primary tumours.

PMID- 182893
TI  - New regulations for posthospital Medicare reimbursement.

PMID- 182894
TI  - Binding, internalization, and hydrolysis of low density lipoprotein in long-term
      lymphoid cell lines from a normal subject and a patient with homozygous familial
      hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Long-term established human lymphoid cells were shown to possess high affinity
      cell surface receptors for low density lipoprotein (LDL), the major cholesterol
      carrying protein in human plasma. Binding of LDL to these receptors was followed
      by internalization of the lipoprotein and hydrolysis of its protein and
      cholesteryl ester components. Cultured lymphocytes from a patient with the
      homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia lacked cell surface LDL
      receptors and therefore failed to take up and degrade the lipoprotein with high
      affinity. Cultured human lymphocytes should prove useful for further studies of:
      (a) the relation between cholesterol metabolism and cellular function and (b) the
      mechanism by which LDL binding at the cell surface leads to internalization of
      the lipoprotein.

PMID- 182895
TI  - Spontaneous autoimmunization to GIX cell surface antigen in hybrid mice.
AB  - The GIX antigen expressed on the thymocytes of GIX+ mice is a type-specific
      constituent of glycoprotein gp70, which forms the major envelope component of
      murine leukemia virus. In the prototype GIX+ mouse strain 129, this glycoprotein
      is a Mendelian character expressed independently of virus production. In the
      intact thymocyte plasma membrane, part of this glycoprotein, bearing group
      specific (gs) antigen, is inaccessible to antibody. The moiety bearing the type
      specific GIX determinant is accessible to GIX antibody, which may be an important
      factor in determining the consequences of autoimmune responses involving GIX.
      Previously, all attempts to induce GIX antibody in mice had failed. We now find
      that the hybrid mouse (B6-GIX+ X 129) spontaneously produces substantial amounts
      of GIX antibody, presumably of the IgM class appearing as early as 2 mo of age.
      The specificity of the GIX natural mouse antibody is the same as that recognized
      by the conventional GIX typing serum produced in rats ("anti-NTD"). As neither
      parent strain produces appreciable GIX antibody, we surmise that this autoimmune
      response requires two dominant genes, each parent contributing a high-response
      allele to the hybrid. These can be envisaged as two immune response loci,
      controlling different immunocompetent cells which must cooperate to produce GIX
      antibody. Production of GIX antibody by the hybrids increases progressively with
      age. This is accompanied by decreased expression of GIX antigen on their
      thymocytes. We attribute this to antigenic modulation. Antibody to gs antigen of
      gp70 is also found in autoimmune (B6-GIX+ X 129) hybrids but not in either parent
      strain. We are investigating evidence of a pathological autoimmune syndrome in
      these hybrids. The special interest of this syndrome is that it presumably
      signifies the consequences of autoimmunization to a single C-type virus
      component, expressed without significant virus production, in a mouse with no
      evident genetic predisposition to such disease in the absence of that antigen.

PMID- 182896
TI  - Pathological mechanisms in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. I.
      Immunogenicity of syngeneic muscle acetylcholine receptor and quantitative
      extraction of receptor and antibody-receptor complexes from muscles of rats with
      experimental automimmune myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Immunization of Lewis rats with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) purified from
      either Electrophorus electricus electric organ or syngeneic rat muscle induced
      experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). This was demonstrated by
      clinical signs of weakness and by electromyographic evidence of imparied
      neuromuscular transmission. The amount of rat AChR required to induce an
      autoimmune response was comparable to the amount of eel AChR required. In vitro
      complexing of rat AChrR with antibody reduced its immunogenicity. Autoantibody to
      muscle AChR was present in serum and complexed with AChR in muscle. Antibody was
      not bound to the ACh binding site of AChR, since antibody-AChR complexes
      extracted from muscle could still bind 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin. The amount of
      AChR extracted from muscle of rats with EAMG was diminished. The amount of AChR
      and antibody-AChR complexes in muscle was measured at intervals after
      immunization with eel AChR. The amount of AChR decreased in rats with acute EAMG,
      then transiently increased to more than normal amounts during remission, and
      finally decreased to only about 20% of normal in rats with chronic EAMG. At least
      half of the AChR remaining in animals with chronic EAMG was complexed with
      antibody. Thus, both a decrease in amount of AChR  and the formation of antibody
      AChR complexes contribute to impairment of neuromuscular transmission in rats
      with EAMG. The possible mechanisms involved in the changes in AChR content are
      discussed.

PMID- 182897
TI  - Pathological mechanisms in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. II. Passive
      transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats with anti
      acetylcholine recepotr antibodies.
AB  - Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) was achieved
      using the gamma globulin fraction and purified IgG from sera of rats immunized
      with Electrophus electricus (eel) acetylcholine receptor (AChR). This
      demonstrates the critical role of anti-AChR antibodies in impairing neuromuscular
      transmission in EAMG. Passive transfer of anti-AChR antibodies from rats with
      chronic EAMG induced signs of the acute phase of EAMG in normal recipient rats,
      including invasion of the motor end-plate region by mononuclear inflammatory
      cells. Clinical, eletrophysiological, histological, and biochemical signs of
      acute EAMG were observed by 24 h after antibody transfer. Recipient rats
      developed profound weakness and fatigability, and the posture characteristic of
      EAMG. Striking weight loss was attributable to dehydration. Recipient rats showed
      large decreases in amplitude of muscle responses to motor nerve stimulation, and
      repetitive nerve stimulation induced characteristic decrementing responses. End
      plate potentials were not detectable in many muscle fibers, and the amplitudes of
      miniature end-plate potentials were reduced in the others. Passively transferred
      EAMG more severely affected the forearm muscles than diaphragm muscles, though
      neuromuscular transmission was impaired and curare sensitivity was increased in
      both muscles. Some AChR extracted from the muscles of rats with passively
      transferred EAMG was found to be complexed with antibody, and the total yield of
      AChR per rat was decreased. The quantitative decrease in AChR approximately
      paralleled in time the course of clinical and electrophysiological signs. The
      amount of AChR increased to normal levels and beyond at the time neuromuscular
      transmission was improving. The excess of AChR extractable from muscle as the
      serum antibody level decreased probably represented extrajunctional receptors
      formed in response to functional denervation caused by phagocytosis of the
      postsynaptic membrane by macrophages. The amount of antibody required to
      passively transfer EAMG was less than required to bind all AChR molecules in a
      rat's musculature. The effectiveness of samll amounts of antibody was probably
      amplified by the activation of complement and by the destruction of large areas
      of postsynaptic membrane by phagocytic cells. A self-sustaining autoimmune
      response to AChR was not provoked in animals with passively transferred EAMG.

PMID- 182898
TI  - Suppression of the antistreptolysin O response by cholesterol and by lipid
      extracts of rabbit skin.
AB  - Lipids extracted from rabbit skin block the hemolytic capacity of SO and also
      suppress the neutralizing antibody response to this streptococcal extracellular
      antigen in rabbith immunized intravenosly. The modification in antibody response
      is specific for SO; the antibody responses to streptococcal DNase B and to
      streptococcal NADase are not affected. Cholesterol, a lipid present in abundance
      in skin, has a similar specific effect on the antigenicity of SO and may be the
      component responsible for the demonstrated effects of these lipid extracts of
      skin. In vitro experiments indicate that lipid extracts of rabbit skin have a
      greater capacity to block the hemolytic capacity of SO than do lipid extracts of
      rabbit heart, kidney, lung, liver, or spleen. These data support the view that
      the feeble ASO response observed in patients with streptococcal pyoderma is a
      result of the abundance of a local lipid inhibitor, such as cholesterol, in the
      skin. They may also bear on the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever, a complication
      which apparently does not occur following group A streptococcal pyoderma. Two
      possible explanations for this remarkable epidemiologic observation, both related
      to the presence of a local inhibitor, are considered: (a) suppression of the ASO
      response, the magnitude of which has been correlated with the risk of developing
      rheumatic fever after streptococcal infection of the throat, and (b) inhibition
      of the toxicity of SO, which has been shown to have a direct toxic effect on the
      mammalian heart and on isolated beating myocytes.

PMID- 182899
TI  - Fc receptor-mediated inhibition of murine B-lymphocyte activation.
AB  - Immobilized antigen-antibody complexes are able to inhibit the mitogenic response
      of murine spleen cells to the B-cell mitogen 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic guanosine
      monophosphoric acid. This this inhibition is dependent on intact Fc fragments in
      the immobilized complexes. Soluble complexes do not mediate this inhibition. When
      lipopolysaccharide (lps) activation of B cells was studied, it was found that the
      mitogenic response was inhibited at all times tested between 2 and 7 days of
      culture. Also, the LPS-induced mitogenesis of nude spleen cells was inhibited by
      immobilized complexes, indicating that suppressor T cells probably play no
      significant role in the inhibition. Immobilized complexes inhibit polyclonal
      antibody responses in a serum-free system and in the presence of normal mouse
      serum, but are unable to inhibit in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS). If
      nu/nu spleen cells are used, however, the FCS does not block the ability of the
      complexes to inhibit the polyclonal response. It is suggested that that antigen
      antibody complexes under appropriate conditions may bind to B lymphocytes via
      their Fc receptors and trigger a central "off" signal which blocks proliferation
      and consequently antibody production.

PMID- 182900
TI  - Isolation of a lipid A bound polypeptide responsible for "LPS-initiated"
      mitogenesis of C3H/HeJ spleen cells.
AB  - The experiments by Sultzer and Nilsson (1), and later by Watson and Riblet (2),
      established that spleen cells from the C3H/HeJ strain of mouse were refractory to
      the mitogenic effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). More recently,
      however, experiments from our laboratory (3) demonstrated that spleen cells from
      C3H/HeJ mice were in fact responsive to some preparations of LPS but not to
      others, and that the method of extraction played a critical role in determining
      activity. In particular, preparations of LPS prepared by extraction with aqueous
      butanol had potent mitogenic activity. Our data showed that the mitogenic
      activity of such positive preparations of LPS coisolated with the LPS during gel
      filtration chromatography and subsequent equilibrium banding on CsCl. In
      addition, lipid A isolated from positive preparations of LPS was also capable of
      stimulating C3H/HeJ spleen cells. Taken together, these experiments provided
      rather convincing data that it was the LPS (in particular the lipid A) itself, or
      some contaminant very tightly bound to the lipid A, which was responsible for its
      biological activity. We further demonstrated that treatment of positive
      preparations of LPS with hot phenol rendered such preparations nonmitogenic for
      C3H/HeJ spleens, yet activity for other strains was only moderately decreased.
      These experiments would suggest either that the phenol treatment chemically
      alters the lipid A region of the LPS molecule or that such treatment removes the
      putative tightly bound contaminant responsible for C3H/HeJ mitogenesis. In the
      experiments reported here, we have explored in greater detail the role of lipid A
      in the stimulation of C3H/HeJ spleen cells. For these experiments we have
      utilized our earlier observations that the antibiotic polymyxin B forms a highly
      stable molecular complex with the lipid A region of LPS (4), and that such
      polymyxin B-LPS complexes are unable to mitogenically stimulate B lymphocytes
      (5). In addition, we have attempted to distinguish between the two potential
      modes of action of phenol on LPS, namely, the chemical alteration of the lipid A
      or the removal of a tightly bound contaminant by phenol treatment. The results of
      the experiments we report here support the interpretation that mitogenic activity
      of positive preparations of LPS is associated with a low mol wt phenol soluble
      polypeptide of approximately 10,000 mol wt. After partial purification, this
      polypeptide intitiates a significant mitogenic response at concentrations as low
      as 10 mug/ml. We conclude that the C3H/HeJ strain of mouse is a true nonresponder
      to the stimulatory effects of the lipid A region of LPS.

PMID- 182901
TI  - Enzymatic determination of cholesterol in serum lipoproteins.
AB  - A new method for the quantitative determination of the cholesterol content of
      serum lipoprotein is described. Electrophoresis of the serum lipoproteins on
      agarose gel is followed by the enzymatic determination of the lipoprotein
      cholesterol. The cholesterol is released from the agarose pieces containing the
      lipoproteins by dissolving the agarose with HCl. No influence of the HCl on
      cholesterol, and no influence of the agarose degradation products on the enzyme
      reactions was observed. The analytical procedure is simple and only 20 mul serum
      are required. The average coefficient of variation for the determination of the
      beta-lipoprotein cholesterol less than 4%, and it is less than 8% in the pre-beta
      lipoproteins of Type IV hyperlipidemic patients. The cholesterol contents found
      in the other lipoprotein fractions have to be interpreted as an approximation.
      Semiautomation seems to be possible. In preliminary studies, the cholesterol
      concentrations of the serum lipoproteins were determined in some control subjects
      and some hyperlipidemic patients. The results are in good agreement with data
      obtained by ultracentrifuge studies performed by other investigators. The
      advangates of this new procedure and aspects of application are discussed.

PMID- 182902
TI  - A new enzymatic method for the determination of free and conjugated glucuronic
      acid.
AB  - A new method is reported for the quantitative determination of glucuronic and
      galacturonic acid, which is based on spectrophotometric measurement of NADH. The
      NAD-linked oxidation of the uronic acids to the corresponding dicarboxylic acids
      is measured in the presence of uronic acid dehydrogenase. This enzyme was
      isolated from Pseudomonas syringae. The test is highly specific for glucuronic
      and galacturonic acid and permits the exact determination of free and conjugated
      glucuronic acid. This enzymatic determination of glucuronic is the most sensitive
      method available today.

PMID- 182903
TI  - Simultaneous electrophoresis of peptidase A, phosphoglucomutase, and adenylate
      kinase.

PMID- 182905
TI  - Control of the sequential utilization of glucose and fructose by Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - In Escherichia coli (ATCCI5224; ML308), glucose and fructose phosphotransferase
      systems (PT-systems) are constitutive but activities are increased five and 10
      fold respectively by aerobic growth on their respective substrates in defined
      media. In mixtures, glucose is used preferentially and the fructose PT-system
      activity is kept at its minimum; but, on glucose exhaustion, it overshoots its
      steady-state level and growth continues on fructose without lag. Cyclic AMP
      prevents overshoot. Continuous cultures operating as turbidostats on mixtures of
      glucose and fructose do not use fructose if sufficient glucose is present to
      support growth. If less glucose is available, it is all used and sufficient
      fructose is metabolized concurrently to maintain the growth rate characteristic
      of glucose. Both PT-systems are inhibited by hexose phosphates. Presence of
      homologous substrate specifically sensitizes each PT-system to inactivation by N
      ethylmaleimide (NEM). Glucose diminishes the ability of fructose to sensitize its
      PT-system to NEM. This effect parallels the inhibition of fructose utilization by
      glucose and suggests that glucose denies fructose access to the fructose-specific
      part of the PT-system.

PMID- 182904
TI  - Nonlocal interactions in the photoreceptor transduction process.
AB  - We have recently demonstated the dissection of the transduction process in the
      barnacle photoreceptor into antagonistic "excitor" and "inhibitor" processes. We
      now show that (a) the interaction between the two processes proceeds even when
      they are induced in different pigment molecules; (b) the excitor process appears
      to be slightly facilitated if those pigment molecular unaffected by the stimulus
      are in the stable metarhodopsin state or slightly inhibited if they are in the
      rhodopsin state; (c) there is a facilitatory interaction among the excitor
      processes induced in different pigment molecules. In case a, the interaction has
      a range of at least a few hundred angstroms, taking place in a time of less than
      a fraction of a second; in cases b and c, the range could be as little as
      "nearest neighbors" and the time as much as a few seconds. All these interactions
      could be intermediated by the "excitor" if it is a transmitter.

PMID- 182906
TI  - Metabolism of L-rhamnose in Arthrobacter pyridinolis.
AB  - In Arthrobacter pyridinolis, a respiration-coupled transport system for L
      rhamnose caused accumulation of free L-rhamnose, while a phosphoenolpyruvate: L
      rhamnose phosphotransferase system caused accumulation of L-rhamnose I-phosphate
      (Levinson & Krulwich, 1974). The pathways for subsequent metabolism of L-rhamnose
      and L-rhamose I-phosphate have now been investigated. Arthrobacter pyridinolis
      contains an inducible L-rhamnose isomerase and L-rhamnulokinase, as well as a
      constitutive L-rhamnulose I-phosphate aldolase. Results with mutants which are
      unable to metabolize L-rhamnose suggest the presence of an L-rhamnose I-phosphate
      phosphatase, which forms free L-rhamnose by hydrolysis of L-rhamnose I-phosphate
      produced by the phosphotransferase system. Mutants which lack this enzyme
      exhibited severe inhibition of growth in the presence of L-rhamnose plus any of a
      variety of carbon sources. There is some evidence that this inhibition was due to
      accumulation of L-rhamnose I-phosphate at toxic concentrations within the
      bacteria. The metabolism of L-rhamnose transported by the phosphotransferase
      system therefore appears to occur by hydrolysis of L-rhamnose I-phosphate to free
      L-rhamnose by a phosphatase. Metabolism of the L-rhamnose thus produced, and of
      that accumulated by the respiration-coupled transport system, the proceeds by the
      sequence of reactions: L-rhamnose leads to L-rhamnulose leads to L=rhamnulose I
      phosphate leads to dihydroxyacetone phosphate plus L-lactaldehyde.

PMID- 182907
TI  - The uptake and metabolism of glucose, maltose and starch by the rumen ciliate
      Epidinium ecaudatum caudatum.
AB  - [14C]Glucose taken up by Epidinium ecaudatum caudatum was found in the pool, in
      the protozoal polysaccharide and in the bacteria associated with the protozoa.
      The amount incorporated into the polysaccharide depended on the square of the
      glucose concentration. Evidence was obtained that glucose was probably taken up
      initially into the pool unchanged, and then rapidly converted into glucose 6
      phosphate and maltose which were subsequently hydrolysed to glucose. [14C]
      Maltose was taken up at 20 to 30% of the rate of [14C]glucose, with 14C appearing
      initially in maltose and glucose 6-phosphate. 14C from 14C-labelled soluble
      starch appeared in the pool as maltose, glucose 6-phosphate and glucose in that
      order, but incorporation into protozoal polysaccaride was poor. Hexokinase,
      phosphoglucomutase, alpha-glucan and maltose phosphorylases, glucose 6
      phosphatase and maltase activities were found in the protozoa.

PMID- 182908
TI  - Herpes virus and viral DNA synthesis in ultraviolet light-irradiated cells.
AB  - The rate of virus DNA synthesis and the production of infectious virus are
      impaired in stationary monkey kidney CV-I cells irradiated with u.v. before
      infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV). The inhibition of HSV multiplication
      is due to u.v.-induced damage in cell DNA. CV-I cells recover their capacity to
      support HSV growth during the 40 to 48 h after irradiation, and the final virus
      yield is enhanced by a factor of 10. The time course of the recovery is similar
      to that of the excision repair process occurring in u.v.-irradiated mammalian
      cells. Caffeine, hydroxyurea and cycloheximide inhibit the recovery.
      Fluorodeoxyuridine is without effect. A small but significant amount of labelled
      dThd coming from irradiated cell DNA is incorporated into virus DNA. HSV
      specified thymidine kinase seems to be more effective for virus DNA synthesis in
      irradiated than in control cells.

PMID- 182910
TI  - Evidence that detergent-reactivated interferons are not renatured.
AB  - The sedimentation rate of human leukocyte interferon (HLIF) reactivated from
      sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solution was studied by glycerol gradient
      centrifugation and compared to that of native HLIF. Reactivated HLIF consistently
      sedimented faster than native HLIF, indicating that full recovery of antiviral
      activity does not require renaturation of the entire interferon molecule.

PMID- 182909
TI  - Chicken egg yolk enhances focus formation by subgroup B, C and D rous sarcoma
      viruses.
AB  - Focus formation by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) was significantly enhanced when virus
      was incubated with the saline fraction of chloroform extracted chicken egg yolk,
      prior to infecting chicken embryo cells. The enhancement was restricted to
      members of RSV subgroups B, C and D and was proportional to yolk dilution.
      Subgroup A virus was never affected. In all, 108 yolk samples from specific
      pathogen free chickens were investigated. Of these 78 to 97% stimulated focus
      formation. RSV(RAV-50) of subgroup D which was stimulated up to tenfold, was the
      most strongly affected strain. The enhancing principle was shown to be a specific
      yolk factor, and its effect remained constant even after several years' storage.
      Crude yolk specimens showed essentially the same enhancing property. The chemical
      nature of the yolk factor is still unknown. It must, however, be taken into
      account when assaying for avian leukosis virus antibodies.

PMID- 182911
TI  - Multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus in the leafhopper Peregrinus maidis
      (Ashm.), a vector of a plant rhabdovirus.
AB  - Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was found to multiply efficiently in whole
      Peregrinus maidis (Ashm.). the leafhopper vector of maize mosaic virus (MMV), a
      plant rhabdovirus. Insects were inoculated with VSV by means of a microsyringe,
      collected at 1-day intervals and tested individually for the presence of virus.
      Exponential virus multiplication occurred within the first 4 days, reaching
      titres of 10(6) p.f.u. per insect in days 5 to 10 after inoculation. These
      observations show that a common host is avialable to study the multiplication of
      a plant and an animal rhabdovirus.

PMID- 182912
TI  - Subregional localization of the gene(s) governing the human interferon induced
      antiviral state in man.
AB  - A dosage effect of chromosomal translocation was used to locate the gene(s) which
      codes for the human interferon induced antiviral state on the long arm of
      chromosome 21.

PMID- 182914
TI  - Persistent herpes simplex virus infections established in two Burkitt lymphoma
      derived cell lines.
AB  - Examination of P3HR-I cells (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] producer) persistently
      infected with the MAL strain of herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) suggested
      that only a few cells were actively producing a virus indistinguishable from HSV
      I (MAL) despite the presence of immunofluorescent HSV-I antigens associated with
      the majority of cells. EBV-specific immunofluorescence was not altered in HSV-I
      persistently infected P3HR-I cells. HSV-I persistently infected cells, labelled
      for 72 h with 14C-thymidine, incorporated approx. 8% of the label into cell
      associated HSV-I DNA as resolved by caesium chloride gradients. Values greater
      than 8% of the total were suggested by hybridization of gradient fractions with
      3H-HSV-I DNA. To determine whether the establishment of HSV persistent infections
      in Burkitt lymphoma derived cells was a general phenomenon, six strains of HSV-I
      (MAL, KOS, Patton, Syn R, BF and SYN V) and two strains of type 2 (333 and MS)
      were used to infect the P3HR-I and Raji (EBV non-producer) cell lines derived
      from Burkitt lymphomas. In P3HR-I cells, persistent infections were established
      with all strains of HSV-I but not with HSV-2. In Raji cells, persistent
      infections were established with all strains of HSV-I, except Syn V, and with
      both strains of HSV-2. No external support was required to maintain these
      infections.

PMID- 182913
TI  - Investigation of the anti-viral mechanism of poly I and poly C against
      encephalomyocarditis virus infection in the absence of interferon induction in
      mice.
AB  - Protection of mice against EMC virus infection by poly C and poly I has already
      been distinguished from interferon mediated protection in several ways. Transfer
      of serum from EMC virus infected and poly C or poly I treated mice to donor mice
      that were then infected shows that the anti-viral effect of the single-stranded
      polynucleotides is not due to boosting interferon produced by infection itself in
      the way that inferferon can be 'primed' in vitro. Mice surviving infections of
      more than I X LD100 as a result of poly C or poly I treatment show no protection
      against re-infection 15 days after the first infection, indicating no long-term
      stimulation of immune responses to the virus. Mice treated with an
      immunosuppressive regime of cytosine arabinoside can be protected against EMC
      virus infection with poly C and poly I treatment and athymic 'nude' mice can also
      be protected. The possibility of IgM stimulation by poly C and poly I seems
      unlikely from experiments in which serum was transferred from mice treated with
      the polynucleotides and an inactivated EMC 'vaccine' to recipient mice which were
      then challenged with infectious virus. Protection of mice against EMC virus by
      the single-stranded polynucleotides is abolished by administration of silica to
      the mice, implying an involvement of macrophages in the protective effects of
      poly C and poly I. The possibility that the polynucleotides stimulate clearance
      of virus particles, at least from immunologically responsive regions of the
      mouse, has been discounted by the inability of polynucleotide treatment to
      suppress 'vaccine' mediated protection of mice. These results indicate that
      macrophages are involved in the anti-viral effects of poly C and poly I either
      because they inhibit replication of the virus in macrophages or because direct
      anti-viral properties of macrophages are activated by the polynucleotides.

PMID- 182915
TI  - Relationship between establishment of persistent infection of haemagglutinating
      virus of Japan and the properties of the virus.
AB  - The infectious virus (HVJ-pi) obtained from BHK cells persistently infected with
      haemagglutinating virus of Japan was found to be temperature-sensitive as well as
      causing little or no cytopathic effect (c.p.e.) and leading to establishment of
      carrier cultures in several cell lines at both permissive (32 degrees C) and non
      permissive (38 degrees C) temperature. In order to obtain information about the
      role of HVJ-pi in the establishment of persistent infection, comparative studies
      were made of some phenotypic properties of HVJ-pi and HVJ-38 which was obtained
      by passing wild-type HVJ in eggs at 38 degrees C and was proved to be highly
      cytopathic. HVJ-pi differed from HVJ-38 in (1) temperature sensitivity in its
      ability to produce virus progeny, (2) infectivity for embryonated eggs, (3)
      neuraminidase activity, (4) the thermal stability of HA and neuraminidase
      activity, and (5) the polypeptide composition of BHK-grown viruses. B cells
      infected with HVJ-pi release haemagglutinin more efficiently, and less HA was
      accumulated on the cell membrane. In considering these results, it was concluded
      that the difference of envelope proteins might be involved in the striking
      difference in c.p.e. between HJV-pi and HVJ-38.

PMID- 182916
TI  - Polykaryocyte formation induced by VSV in mouse L cells.
AB  - Infection of mouse L cells with VSV leads to the formation of polykaryocytes
      about 4 to 12 h p.i. When anti-VSV immune serum was added during the course of
      infection, progression of cell fusion was soon suppressed. Cycloheximide
      completely suppressed the cell fusion when the drug was added within 1 h p.i.,
      while the cell fusion was not suppressed at all when the drug was added at and
      after 3 h. Early polykaryocyte formation, 'fusion from without', was observed
      only at a low level in cells infected at very high multiplicities. The
      development of cell fusion induced by VSV was found to be different in several
      cell types, although all these cells produced a rather high yield of virus: L and
      C-243-3 mouse cell lines showed a high level of polykaryocytosis (80 to 100%),
      BHK and RK-13 cells responded at low level, and PS and Vero cells showed no cell
      fusion in response to VSV infection. In PS cells, however, cell fusion occurred
      when VSV-infected L cells were co-cultivated. From these observations, the
      mechanism of cell fusion induced by VSV was discussed.

PMID- 182917
TI  - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose uptake by chick embryo cells: a biochemical indicator of
      genetic susceptibility to RNA tumour viruses.
AB  - The enhanced glucose uptake by chick embryo cells as early as 72 h after
      infection with Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) was confirmed in this study to be an
      early indicator of cellular transformation. The glucose uptake of C/E BrL cells
      infected by various doses of BS-RSV of subgroup A showed that the relationship
      between the log-dose of virus and log-uptake was linear (slope, b1 = 1.30 +/-
      0.14) when the ratio of the number of infectious virus particles to the number of
      cells in the culture was above 1:200. But infection of cultures with a relatively
      high dose of virus, for instance 10(3.5) focus forming units (f.f.u.) was
      ineffective for the measurement of cellular transformation using the criterion of
      glucose uptake, whereas a much lower dose such as 10(1.7) f.f.u. was sufficient
      to induce foci of transformed cells. We concluded therefore that the statistic of
      glucose uptake assay (GUA) measured at 72 p.i. is less sensitive than that of the
      focus count assay (FCA) measured after 10 days as a measure of assessing cellular
      transformation by RSV. Nevertheless, when the cultures were infected with a
      higher dose of virus (10(4.3) f.f.u. or more), the GUA could discriminate between
      the transformed (T) and non-transformed (NT) cultures. This was demonstrated in
      the two genetic crosses, line 7-2 X WC(F1) and line 7-2 C line. Embryo cultures
      of these two test-crosses were infected with viruses of subgroups A, B, C and D,
      and the T and NT phenotypes were ascertained. Also, on the basis of focus counts
      in the cultures the genetically resistant (R) and susceptible (S) phenotypes in
      response to various infections were determined. The T and NT phenotypes based on
      the GUA were compared with the S and R phenotypes, respectively, based on the
      FCA. It was found that in 47 of the 51 cultures, the phenotypic agreement was
      perfect, suggesting that glucose uptake by cells of embryo cultures exposed to
      RSV is a biochemical indicator of genetic susceptibility. The discordant results
      in 4 cultures are discussed in the light of present knowledge of cellular
      transformation by RSV.

PMID- 182918
TI  - Fugue states in sleep and wakefulness: a psychophysiological study.
AB  - A patient's refusal to participate in recommended treatment is a problem faced in
      all branches of medicine. However, psychiatry faces special problems because of
      its authority to impose hospitalization and treatment on unwilling patients.
      Nowhere is this more poignant than in the treatment of patients exhibiting
      suicidal behavior where the potential for imminent self-destruction exists. As
      part of a prospective study to develop utilization review standards for the
      hospitalization of suicide attempters, cases were identified where there was
      independent agreement between both the experts' standards and the treating
      resident psychiatrists that hospitalization was required. Despite this agreement,
      the patients were not hospitalized because the patients refused. By most
      criteria, these patients were a high risk group. They had made repeated suicide
      attempts, used lethal means which eventuated in serious medical consequences, and
      were still suicidal when referred for treatment. The emergency room psychiatrists
      reported feeling confused, anxious, and annoyed in dealing with these patients,
      and the patients signed out against medical advice. A review of these cases
      indicates that discussions of social control vs. medical responsibility and clear
      criteria for hospitalization should be incorporated into residency training
      programs since the emergency room resident faces these tension-producing issues
      frequently with several different types of patients. Moreover, utilization review
      criteria may help to set standards which will assist the psychiatrist in making
      these difficult decisions.

PMID- 182919
TI  - Urinary cyclic AMP in relation to lithium treatment in manic-depressive illness.
AB  - Urnary cyclic AMP was measured longitudinally in six patients with bipolar
      affective disorder. The values varied from 3.55 to 19.0 mugmol/24 hours with
      considerable variation between subjects. Three of these patients improved with
      administration of lithium carbonate. This improvement was not correlated with a
      change in cyclic AMP excretion. Five normal male volunteers were studied over a 5
      day period. The urinary excretion for this group showed the same large
      intersubject variability but smaller intrasubject variation as was  found for the
      patient group. It is suggested that erroneous results may be obtained for urinary
      cyclic AMP excretion if mean group values are used from patients not studied
      longitudinally.

PMID- 182920
TI  - Magnesium-resistant excitatory synaptic potentials in the leech Retzius cell.
AB  - Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) recorded from leech Retzius cells in response to
      stimulation of interganglionic connective could not be reversed by soma
      depolarization or abolished by 40 mM Mg ion, nor could input resistance changes
      be detected during them. Alteration of external Cl and K over a tenfold range
      provided no clear evidence that the PSPs involved a conductance change to either
      ion. The method of extrapolation yielded an apparent PSP equilibrium potential of
      about -20 mV. The steep portion of the relationship between Retzius cell action
      potential amplitude and membrane potential extrapolated to an apparent reversal
      potential of -13 mV. It is likely that the connective-to-Retzius cell PSPs were
      principally electrical events. Their apparent reversal potentials could have been
      in the range associated with chemical synapses because they traversed an
      electrical synapse with a variable coupling resistance, or because the polarizing
      currents, passing "backwards" across electrical synapses, changed the amplitude
      of the presynaptic action potentials.

PMID- 182921
TI  - Neuraminidase-releasable surface sialic acid of cultured astroblasts exposed to
      ethanol.

PMID- 182922
TI  - In vivo changes of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate in rat cerebellum by
      dopaminergic mechanisms.

PMID- 182923
TI  - Effect of ethanol on brain CoA and acetyl-CoA.

PMID- 182924
TI  - Impaired synthesis of acetylcholine in brain accompanying mild hypoxia and
      hypoglycemia.

PMID- 182925
TI  - Prenatal and postnatal protein restriction in the rat: effect on some parameters
      related to brain development, and prospects for rehabilitation.

PMID- 182926
TI  - Peripheral nerve abnormalities related to galactose administration in rats.
AB  - Electrophysiological, biochemical, and morphometric observations were made on the
      peripheral nerves of rats after galactose feeding. Motor nerve conduction
      velocity was found to be reduced. This was associated with an accumulation of
      galactitol in the peripheral nerves and a diminution in their myoinositol
      content. An increased water content and fascicular area, taken in conjunction
      with a probable increase in the area of the endoneurial spaces, indicated
      overhydration of the peripheral nerves. Morphometric observations on the
      myelinated fibre population in the tibial nerve showed no loss of fibres and
      although both the maximal and the average diameter of the myelinated fibres was
      slightly less than in age-matched controls, this was insufficient to explain the
      reduction in conduction velocity. Segmental demyelination was not detected and
      the relationship between myelin thickness and axon circumference was not altered.
      Electron microscope observations revealed no ultrastructural changes in the
      myelinated fibres and, in particular, no abnormalities at the nodes of Ranvier or
      indication of abnormal hydration of the Schwann cells. The relevance of these
      findings to the peripheral nerve changes in human and experimental diabetes is
      discussed.

PMID- 182927
TI  - Progressive multifocal neurologic deficit with disseminated subpial
      demyelination.
AB  - A sixty-six year-old man developed visual and gait difficulties, a deficit in
      recent memory and hearing, and acute urinary retention. He subsequently became
      blind, deaf, and quadriparetic. Terminally, weakness deepended and he lapsed into
      semi-coma. The cerebrospinal fluid contained increased amounts of protein with a
      normal electrophoretic pattern, and a moderate mononuclear pleocytosis. Gross
      examination of the brain revealed normal vessels and meninges. Coronal sections
      showed irregular areas of subpial discoloration in forebrain and brainstem.
      Stains for myelin revealed scattered foci of pallor in the intracortical
      myelinated fibers; demyelination throughout the brainstem, most severe in subpial
      areas; and a focus of central pontine myelin loss. The subependymal myelin was
      intact throughout the neuraxis. Histological examination showed axonal
      preservation in areas of extreme myelin loss. Demyelination was accompanied by
      astrocytic gliosis showing different degrees of activity, and occasional
      perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells in cerebral and meningeal vessels.
      Electron microscopy revealed filamentous structures in cell nuclei. These were
      180-220 A in diameter, had a hollow core, and, in some tangential sections,
      showed cross striations. The unusual clinical picture and correspondingly
      striking pattern of demyelination suggest that this case might represent a
      distinct clinical entity.

PMID- 182928
TI  - Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of the brain and skull.
AB  - A case of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor in the cerebellum of a 21-year-old man
      is presented. Melanin was found mainly in small neoplastic cells rather than in
      large epithelioid cells. The tumor also contained neurons, as well as neoplastic
      tissue of ependyma, choroid plexus; and astrocytes. We propose that this
      neuroectodermal tumor resulted from a combination of cells originating in the
      neural crest and in the neural tube. The small cells have been described as
      medulloblasts, but they may be poorly differentiated ependymal cells, or,
      sympathicoblasts. The presence of pigment in these cells is compatible with an
      origin in the neural crest. The so-called melanotic progonoma, occurring most
      often in the maxilla of infants, is reviewed in relation to the melanotic
      neuroectodermal tumor of the brain. The tumor in facial bone occurs in adults as
      well as infants, in locations other than the maxilla, and has malignant forms.
      Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors, whether in brain or bone, are therefore similar
      in behavior as well as histologic appearance. The finding of similar tumors in
      these different locations is readily explained embryologically.

PMID- 182929
TI  - A case of human rabies and ultrastructure of the Negri body.
AB  - A 60-year old man, eight weeks after being bitten on his finger by a stray cat,
      developed symptoms and signs of rabies which progressed rapidly over the next two
      weeks and he died of respiratory failure. Pathological examination revealed
      characteristic cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons of various parts of the central
      nervous system and the dorsal spinal and sympathetic ganglia. The diagnosis of
      rabies was confirmed by direct fluorescent antibody staining of the brain tissue
      obtained at autopsy. On histological examination, most, if not all, of the
      neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were eosinophilic and homogeneous and lacked the
      basophilic inner granules or bodies characteristic of Negri bodies. Nevertheless,
      they were ultrastructurally identical with Negri bodies by virtue of being made
      up of finely fibrillar matrix and virus and/or related particles in varying
      numbers. This indicates that ultrastructurally typica Negri bodies may or may not
      have the histologically visible basophilic inner bodies depending upon the degree
      of virus replication. In light of the ultrastructural evidence, lyssa bodies
      described in rabies in the past may represent Negri bodies without histologically
      recognizable inner bodies or cytoplasmic inclusions unrelated to rabies,
      occurring ordinarily in normal or degenerating neurons. It is, therefore,
      suggested that the term, lyssa body, is obsolete and should no longer be used.

PMID- 182931
TI  - Radionuclide bone-scan abnormalities in leprosy: case reports.
AB  - Radionuclide bone scans were performed on two patients with leprosy. The
      resulting scan patterns simulated hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and diffuse
      arthritis, findings entirely consistent with the primary disease process.

PMID- 182930
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction imaged with 99mTc-stannous pyrophosphate and 201Tl: a
      clinical evaluation.
AB  - Twenty-six patients suspected of having acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
      underwent myocardial scintigraphy sequentially with 201Tl and 99mTc-stannous
      pyrophosphate (99mTc-PPi). Of the 26 patients, 24 had AMI documented by enzyme
      and electrocardiographic changes. Nineteen had transmural and five had
      subendocardial myocardial infarctions. The remaining two patients had "unstable
      angina pectoris." The mean time from onset to imaging was 4 days. Of the 24
      patients with AMI, 22 had positive 99mTc-PPi scintigrams. In 20 the area of acute
      myocardial damage appeared to be the same by 99mTc-PPi scintigram as by ECG; in
      two, the location could not be precisely determined. The two patients with
      negative 99mTc-PPi scintigrams at the time of combined myocardial imaging had had
      positive 99mTc-PPi images previously. In all 24 patients, the 201Tl images were
      abnormal in at least the location suggested by the electrocardiogram. In seven
      patients, the area of decreased 201Tl activity was grossly equal to the positive
      area on the 99mTc-PPi images; in 15, the 201Tl defect was definitely larger; and
      in two, the 201Tl defect appeared slightly smaller. Although the 99mTc-PPi and
      201Tl myocardial images provide different information, both are valuable in
      determining the overall integrity of the myocardium in patients with ischemic
      heart disease.

PMID- 182932
TI  - 99mTc-pyrophosphate scan and radiographic correlation in thyroid acropachy: case
      report.
AB  - A case of thyroid acropachy secondary to Graves' disease is described.
      Radiographic abnormalities were found to correlate with those in a 99mTc
      pyrophosphate bone scan. Abnormal tracer concentrations were observed in the
      diaphyses of the metacarpals and phalanges of both hands and also in regions of
      pretibial myxedema. The differential diagnosis of the scan abnormalities is
      discussed.

PMID- 182934
TI  - Letter: Pleural oligemia seen in bone scanning.

PMID- 182933
TI  - Rapid determination of oxidation state of unbound 99mTc and labeling yield in
      99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - Current techniques for determining the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-labeled
      radiopharmaceuticals are limited by the variety of compounds that can be tested
      or the length of time required to complete the test. A chromatographic method,
      based on the use of two solvents (0.9% saline and acetone) and a stationary phase
      made of silica-coated cellulose strips, solves these problems for water-soluble
      99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. With this method, the oxidation state of
      unbound 99mTc and the labeling yield of 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals can be
      quickly determined: the whole procedure takes only a few minutes to run. This
      system compares favorably with lengthier procedures and with a commercially
      available kit.

PMID- 182935
TI  - Letter: Myocardial localization of 99mTc-pyrophosphate.

PMID- 182937
TI  - Effects in the rat of environmental temperature, diet dilution, and treadmill
      running on liver and adipose enzymes and metabolism of 14C-glucose: a multiple
      regression analysis.
AB  - The effects of two environmental temperatures (T; 16 degrees and 31 degrees),
      five diet dilutions (D; 0%, 12.5%, 25%, 37.5% and 50%), and five daily treadmill
      running periods (E; 10 minutes, 40 minutes, 70 minutes, 100 minutes, and 130
      minutes) upon enzyme activities of liver and adipose tissue of male rats were
      observed. Liver enzymes studied were glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), 6-P
      gluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD),
      fructose diphosphatase (FDPase), NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and malic
      enzyme (ME). Adipose tissue (epididymal fat) enzymes (6PGD, G6PD, and ME) were
      studied as well as the in vitro incorporation of the 14C of [U-14C] glucose into
      liberated 14CO2 and into the triglycerides, free fatty acids, and total lipids by
      adipose tissue slices. Equations describing regression surfaces for these
      responses (expressed as units/100 g body weight) could contain significant linear
      coefficients of the independent variables (T, D, and E), their first order
      interactions, and quadratic coefficients for D and E. Significnat regression
      coefficients for activities of liver enzymes associated with increased
      lipogenesis (6PGD, G6PD, and ME) produced response surfaces with conformations
      generally concave downward. All enzymes possessed positive and negative linear
      and quadratic coefficients for D which caused response surfaces to be concave
      downward with respect to that variable. Also, 6PGD and G6PD (positive linear and
      negative quadratic coefficients for E) exhibited response surfaces concave
      downward with respect to E. Additionally, 6PGD showed greater activity at 31
      degrees than at 16 degrees while G6PD showed no effect of temperature on
      activity. Liver ICDH, probably important in supplying reducing equivalents for
      fatty acid synthesis, evidenced response surfaces almost identical to those for
      6PGD. Significant regression coefficients for activity of liver enzymes
      associated with increased gluconeogenesis (FDPase and G6Pase) produced for FDPase
      a response surface concave downward with respect to both D and E with greater
      values at 31 degrees than at 16 degrees; but for G6Pase non-concave surfaces with
      lesser values at 31 degrees than at 16 degrees. Significant regression
      coefficients for activities of adipose enzymes associated with increased
      lipogenesis produced for 6PGD a response surface concave upward due to negative
      linear and positive quadratic coefficients for both D and E. For G6PD and ME
      regression surfaces were concave upward with respect to E, but these were
      modified by positive and negative linear coefficients, respectively, for D.
      Significant regression coefficients for incorporation of the 14C of glucose into
      triglycerides and free fatty acids of adipose tissue slices and their production
      of 14CO2 yielded response surfaces concave upward with respect to E (negative
      linear and positive quadratic coefficients). In addition, the surface for free
      fatty acids was concave upward with respect to D. The 14CO2 production was
      greater at 16 degrees than at 31 degrees...

PMID- 182936
TI  - Effect of dietary fat on hepatic metabolism of 14C-oleic acid and very low
      density lipoprotein triglyceride in the gerbil.
AB  - In order to compare in vitro and in vivo aspects of lipid metabolism and
      lipoprotein secretion associated with the hyperlipemia of saturated fat feeding,
      gerbils were fed a diet containing 15% coconut oil or safflower oil for 6 weeks.
      In vitro incorporation of fatty acid was determined by measuring 14C-oleic acid
      incorporation into hepatic lipis in liver fasting gerbils following Triton WR1339
      injection. The plasma lipoprotein profile was assessed by agarose
      electrophoresis. Coconut oil produced a hypertriglyceridemia and
      hypercholesterolemia associated with the appearance of very low density migrating
      lipoprotein, not seen with the safflower oil. Coconut oil also increased the
      hepatic triglyceride content, enhanced 14C-oleic acid incorporation into total
      lipid, and favored fatty acid incorporation into triglyceride; safflower oil
      facilitated esterification of oleic acid into phospholipid. Triton blockade of
      gerbils fed safflower oil resulted in twice the triglyceride secretion rate of
      those fed coconut oil. Our interpretation of the data is that dietary
      polyunsaturated fat favors incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipid,
      enhances both triglyceride secretion and the plasma transport and clearance of
      triglyceride and cholesterol and that the hyperlipemia of coconut oil feeding
      reflects a reduced metabolic clearnace of circulating lipid associated with that
      dietary fat.

PMID- 182938
TI  - Regulation of intestinal calcium absorption in the laying quail: independent of
      kidney vitamin D hydroxylation.
AB  - Two experiments were carried out with laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
      fed either cholecalciferol (40 mug/kg) or 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (8
      mug/kg). Recovery following vitamin D depletion, as indicated by egg production
      and shell deposition, was faster in quail fed 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol than
      in those fed cholecalciferol. Overall intestinal calcium absorption was higher in
      the 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol-fed quail due to a higher absorption in the
      middle parts of the small intestine. This was associated with corresponding
      differences in the concentration of calcium binding protein. Intestinal calcium
      absorption was markedly higher during periods of shell formation than during
      periods of uterine inactivity in quail fed either cholecalciferol or 1 alpha
      hydroxycholecalciferol. It is suggested, therefore, that the mechanism
      responsible for this difference is independent of vitamin D hydroxylation in the
      kidney.

PMID- 182939
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of vitamin D in multivitamin
      preparation.
AB  - Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) determination of vitamin D in multivitamin
      preparations was investigated and a simple routine method was established. The
      unsaponifiable matters of a sample was applied to a thin-layer chromatography
      (TLC) plate using Kieselgel GF254 as an adsorbent and a mixture of n-hexane-ethyl
      acetate (4:1) as a developing solvent. The scraped zones corresponding to vitamin
      D and previtamin D were extracted and determined by GLC using 1.5% OV-17 packed
      on Shimalite W (80-100 mesh) as a stationary phase. When the proposed method was
      applied to model preparations made by mixing vitamin D, A and E, it was confirmed
      that the determination of vitamin D was possible when the ratios of vitamin A and
      E (DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) to vitamin D were within 104 (I.U. ratio) and
      2,500 (weight ratio), respectively. Since the ratios of most of commercial
      multivitamin preparations on sale in Japan are within the limitations and the
      results on multivitamin preparations were also satisfactory, the proposed method
      was confirmed to be suitable simple routine.

PMID- 182940
TI  - Formation of guanine ribonucleotidyl-(3'-5')-adenosine in a flavinogenic strain
      of Eremothecium ashbyii.
AB  - The addition of caffeine caused the accumulation of a new nucleotide compound
      simultaneously with the rigid inhibition of ribofalvin production in non-growing
      cells of Eremothecium ashbyii. In the present study we tried to identify the
      structure of the nucleotide compound using non-growing cells of the mold. 1) It
      became possible to obtain a large amount of mycelia by masscultivation in a
      reagent tank. 2) A new nucleotide compound, referred to as compound A in the
      paper, was extracted with perchloric acid solution and purified by the following
      subsequent procedures: 1) Dowex 1 x 2 (HCOO-) column, 2) charcoal treatment, 3)
      DEAE-Sephadex A25 (CI-) column, 4) Dowex 1 x 2 (C1-) column, and 5) DEAE-Sephadex
      A25 (HCO3-) column. 3) The structure of the new nucleotide compound was proved to
      be guanine ribonucleotidyl-(3'-5')-adenosine (GpA) from the results of the
      following analyses: 1) alkaline degradation, 2) UV-spectra, IR-spectra and NMR
      spectra, and 3) enzymatic treatments with RNase T2 and phosphodiesterase. 4) The
      roles of caffeine and guanine ribonucleotidyl-(3'-5')-adenosine in connection
      with flavinogenesis of this mold were discussed.

PMID- 182941
TI  - Letter: Exposure to triethylenediamine (TEDA) in urethane foam manufacture.

PMID- 182942
TI  - A reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate and 6-tritylaminopenicillanic acid
      leading to the anhydropenicillin rearrangement.

PMID- 182943
TI  - The incidence, pathology and transplantation of hepatomas in CBA mice.
AB  - Two hundred and seventy-five male CBA/Birmingham mice including 84 mice over 80
      wk of age were autopsied at intervals over the whole range of their natural life
      span of about 2 1/2 yr. Body weight increased progressively up to 30 wk of age
      when a plateau value of 30-40 g was attained. Subsequent to 80 wk a slight,
      progressive decrease was observed. The thymus showed a profound increase in size
      from about 5 mg at birth to approximately 60 mg by the 3rd wk. Thereafter, the
      weight of the thymus decreased, rapidly at first, to reach 20-30 mg by 15 wk of
      age. The thymus weight then decreased more slowly to around 10 mg by the 80th wk.
      The spleen weight reached a plateau value of 50-60 mg by 4 wk and this was
      maintained until the 80th wk. In mice older than 80 wk varying degrees of
      splenomegaly were observed. Histologically, the areas of white pulp in these
      spleens were very prominent, suggestive of an on-going immune response. It was
      possible to associate this splenomegaly with the appearance of gross and
      microscopic evidence of hepatomas. No hepatomas were observed prior to 80 wk, but
      between 80 and 120 wk the incidence increased progressively; and all the mice
      whose age at autopsy exceeded 120 wk had hepatomas. Histologically the hepatomas
      showed marked nuclear plemorphism with occasional mitotic figures. Thrombi, areas
      of avascular necrosis and collections of inflammatory cells were observed. The
      tumour metastasised to the lung in 12% of cases. The doubling time of the
      hepatoma in situ  was estimated as 1-6 wk (range 1-3-1-8 wk). These hepatomas
      were transplantable and grew with a doubling of 2-25 wk in syngeneic adult
      recipients. To test if the more rapid progressive growth of the tumour in situ in
      old CBA mice might have resulted from a breakdown in "immunological surveillance"
      the same tumour was transplanted simultaneously to a group of young and old
      recipients. The tumour grew more slowly (doubling time, 2-5 wk) in the old
      recipients. This result would not appear to support the hypothesis of a prolonged
      breakdown of immunological surveillance as the cause of the progressive increase
      in the incidence and growth of these tumours in situ in old mice.

PMID- 182944
TI  - Studies in a phenotypic female with 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.
AB  - In a 19-year-old phenotypic female (46, XY) with hypertension and hypokalemia,
      studies confirmed 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency. Prior to diagnosis she had
      been considered to have testicular feminization. Increased plasma progesterone
      and urinary pregnanediol levels were present before treatment. Increased
      secretion rates of deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone and abnormally low
      production of cortisol and aldosterone were present. Following treatment with
      hydrocortisone, plasma progesterone, serum potassium, and urinary pregnanediol
      levels and DOC and B secretions were normal. Aldosterone secretion six months
      after treatment remained low. Normal blood pressure measurements were achieved
      during treatment with hydrocortisone and oral estrogen with the patient at rest;
      however, mild elevations in blood pressure (130/90 mm Hg) have been noted despite
      continued hydrocortisone therapy.

PMID- 182945
TI  - Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection and thrombocytopenia during late infancy.

PMID- 182946
TI  - Leukocyte transforming agent (Epstein-Barr virus) in newborn infants and older
      individuals.
AB  - The lymphocyte transforming agent, associated with Epstein-Barr virus, was sought
      in the oropharynx and other clinical sites of 443 individuals in the following
      groups: premature and term neonates; infants with congenital malformations or
      with suspected TORCH syndrome; children with various illnesses; pregnant and
      postpartum women; healthy adults; and patients with infectious mononucleosis.
      Evidence of intrauterine infection was found in one newborn infant and LTA was
      demonstrated in a 16-day-old infant who developed transient hepatosplenomegaly.
      LTA was not detected in 96 other newborn infants and 57 infants with various
      anomalies or illnesses; nor was it found in the cervix of 125 pregnant or
      postpartum women. LTA was demonstrated in varying frequency in ill children,
      healthy adults, and those with infectious mononucleosis. It is suggested that the
      clinicoepidemiologic patterns of EBV infection in newborn infants and children
      will best be established by prospective studies.

PMID- 182947
TI  - Evaluation of a walking-donor blood transfusion program in an intensive care
      nursery.
AB  - A prospective study was carried out to identify the immediate and long-range
      advantages and disadvantages of a walking-donor transfusion program for an
      intensive care newborn nursery. The effect of heparin on coagulation of blood was
      evaluated and found to be minimal. There was no evidence of transmission of
      HBSAg. The prevalence of CMV infection at the time of follow-up was higher in
      infants who had received blood from donors seropositive for CMV than in infants
      who had been transfused from seronegative donors. In our experience, a walking
      donor program has been a safe and effective method for the provision of small
      transfusions of blood to sick neonates.

PMID- 182948
TI  - Overdosage with vincristine.
AB  - Five patients received overdoses of vincristine ranging from 3.5 to 32 mg.
      Neurotoxicity accounted for most of the complications observed. Peripheral
      neuropathies, cranial nerve palsies, paralytic ileus, atony of the bladder,
      hypertension, hypotension, seizures, inappropriate ADH secretion, and severe bone
      marrow depression were all encountered. Two patients died within 72 hours of the
      overdose. Another patient died of sepsis 22 days after the overdose. Two patients
      recovered and were discharged. The three patients who survived longer than a few
      days showed improvement in the vincristine-induced neuropathy, and the two long
      term survivors had essentially complete recovery. It appears that if a patient
      can be supported through the critical period following an overdose, he can be
      expected to recover normal neurologic function.

PMID- 182949
TI  - Incorporation of purines and pyrimidines in axenically grown Entamoeba
      histolytica.

PMID- 182950
TI  - Management of breast lesions in children and adolescents.
AB  - The records of 207 patients evaluated and treated for breast abnormalities during
      a 10-yr period were reviewed. Patients ranged in age from 1 wk through 16 yr.
      Seventy-eight per cent were female. Operative procedures were performed in 134
      patients (64%). Most common diagnoses were fibroadenoma, premature thelarche, and
      precocious puberty in the females, and pubertal gynecomastia in the males. Age
      and sex separate patients into natural subgroups. In females beyond the neonatal
      period, premature thelarche and precocious puberty are the most likely cause of
      breast enlargement. Breast biopsy is only rarely indicated for a distinct mass
      lesion in the prepubertal breast. Mass lesions in the breast of adolescent
      females require excisional biopsy. In the male, pubertal gynecomastia is the most
      common form of breast enlargement and only occasionally requires subcutaneous
      mastectomy for cosmetic and psychologic reasons. Careful evaluation of all
      children with breast enlargement is indicated to uncover underlying causes and to
      avoid unnecessary operative procedures.

PMID- 182951
TI  - Treatment of heterozygous type II hyperlipidemia by partial ileal bypass in a
      pediatric population.
AB  - Nine patients underwent partial ileal bypass as management for heterozygous type
      II hyperlipidemia.  The average age of this group was 12.5 yr. Follow-up has
      ranged from 1 to 6 yr. The growth and development of these children proceeded
      normally. The overall average serum cholesterol reduction was 33% when compared
      to the preoperative but postdietary control value. Side effects of the procedure
      include transient diarrhea and inability to absorb vitamin B12, requiring
      periodic parenteral administration. Partial ileal bypass has been shown to be an
      effective and obligatory method of treatment of hypercholesterolemia in children.

PMID- 182952
TI  - Wilms' tumor presenting as a varicocele.

PMID- 182954
TI  - Proceedings: Long-lasting changes of post-synaptic origin in the excitability of
      pyramidal tract neurones.

PMID- 182953
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of vitamins I: quantitation of
      cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol in presence of photochemical isomers of the
      provitamin and application to cholecalciferol resins.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure was developed for the
      quantitative determination of cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol in the presence
      of the photochemical isomers of the provitamin. Separation is also achieved from
      various common reaction products encountered in the vitamin synthesis as well as
      other fat-soluble vitamins. The method was applied to the routine analysis of
      cholecalciferol resins, and experimental data are set forth. A comparison of the
      HPLC method to the AOAC biological and chemical procedures shows that the HPLC
      method most closely approximates the antirachitic activity of a cholecalciferol
      sample. The specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the method make it
      applicable to various vitamin samples containing cholecalciferol or
      ergocalciferol.

PMID- 182955
TI  - Proceedings: Stimulus-secretion coupling in the pancreas: role of cyclic GMP in
      modulating enzyme secretion produced by acetylcholine and cholecystokinin
      pancreozymin.

PMID- 182956
TI  - Kinetics and energetics of calcium efflux from intact squid giant axons.
AB  - The Ca efflux from intact squid axons consists of three major components: one
      that is activated by Cao, one that is activated by Nao and a residual flux that
      persists in the nominal absence of both Cao and Nao. The properties of these
      components have been investigated in unpoisoned axons and in axons poisoned with
      cyanide. 2. Under all conditions the shape of the curve relating Cao to Cao
      activated Ca efflux approximates to a section of a rectangular hyperbola,
      consistent with simple Michaelis activation. 3. The external Ca concentration
      giving half-maximal activation of Cao-activated Ca efflux is about 2 muM in
      unpoisoned axons immersed in Na-ASW, but on poisoning changes progressively to
      values in the range 1-10 mM. The residual efflux from unpoisoned axons may
      reflect activation by traces of Ca present immediately external to the axolemma.
      4. The apparent affinity for Cao of Cao-activated Ca efflux is very similar in
      unpoisoned axons immersed in sea waters containing Na, Li, Tris or K as major
      cation, whereas in poisoned axons the affinity in Na and Li is about the same but
      higher than that in choline and Tris. 5. In unpoisoned axons Ca influx increases
      linearly as Cao is increased from 2 muM to 110 mM. The absolute value of the Ca
      influx from 10 muM-Cao is less than 1% of the Cao-activated Ca efflux at this
      external Ca concentration. In poisoned axons the sizes of Cao-activated Ca efflux
      and Ca influx were similar at all Ca concentrations examined. 6. The shape of the
      curve relating Nao to Nao-activated Ca efflux approximates to a section of
      rectangular hyperbola in unpoisoned axons but is clearly sigmoidal in axons that
      have been fully poisoned with cyanide. The sigmoidal shape develops progressively
      during poisoning. ...

PMID- 182957
TI  - The number of sodium ion pumping sites in skeletal muscle and its modification by
      insulin.
AB  - 1. [3H]ouabain binding by frog sartorius muscles shows at least two components:
      one linked to inhibition of the pump and another not related to transport
      inhibition. This is suggested by the finding that [3H]ouabain uptake continued to
      increase when (a) the glycoside concentration was increased beyond that causing
      maximum transport inhibition, and (b) exposure times longer than those required
      to produce full inhibition were used. 2. A number of 1600 pumping sites per mum2
      of membrane was estimated considering only the cylindrical surface of the muscle.
      3. Insulin stimulated the ouabain-sensitive components of 22Na efflux and 134Cs
      influx. It also increased [3H]ouabain binding to a level of 1-7 times the total
      resting value. The increases in [3H]ouabain binding and in 22Na efflux followed a
      similar relationship with respect to insulin concentration. 4. Insulin stimulated
      the Na pump in muscles whose pumping sites had been inhibited by ouabain and then
      transferred to a glycoside-free solution. This stimulation was observed before
      detecting any recovery of the initial pumping activity. 5. When both the resting
      and the insulin-stimulated 22Na efflux had been blocked by ouabain, an additional
      dose of insulin, in a ouabain-free solution, had no further effects on 22Na
      efflux. 6. The effects of insulin were unaffected by cycloheximide or by high
      concentrations of butyryl derivatives of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. 7. We
      conclude that there are two pools of Na pumping sites in muscle cells: one active
      and another inactive. Insulin unmasks the inactive pumping sites by a mechanism
      that is independent of protein synthesis, increases in intracellular [Na] or
      decreases in intracellular [K].

PMID- 182958
TI  - The temperature dependence of the movement of potassium and chloride ions
      associated with nerve impulses.
AB  - 1. The influx and efflux of radioactive potassium and chloride across the
      membrane of the squid giant axon were measured in resting and in stimulated
      nerves. The measurements were made at room temperature and at 6-8 degrees C. 2.
      At room temperature all eight flux measurements were comparable to previously
      reported values. 3. When the axons were cooled the resting potassium influx
      decreased with a Q10 of 1-9 and the resting potassium efflux decreased with a Q10
      of 1-2. 4. With cooling the resting chloride efflux decreased with a Q10 of 1-3
      and the resting chloride influx decreased with a Q10 of 2-8. This latter value,
      together with anomalous flux ratios for resting chloride fluxes may indicate an
      active uptake of chloride ions into the axon. 5. Cooling increased the extra
      efflux of potassium associated with nerve impulses with a Q10 of 1/1-5 and
      increased the extra influx of potassium with a Q10 of 1/3-3. 6. No extra efflux
      of chloride was detected at either temperature. Cooling produced no statistically
      significant change in the extra chloride influx but there was considerable
      scatter in the data. 7. Fluxes were computed as a function of temperature for
      standard action potentials with a variety of temperature coefficients for the
      conductances and rate constants. No single curve could match either the influx or
      the efflux data.

PMID- 182960
TI  - Proceedings: Investigations of cyclic GMP binding to a protein fraction prepared
      from rat lung.

PMID- 182959
TI  - Effects of the ionophore X-537A on acetylcholine release at the frog
      neuromuscular junction.
AB  - 1. X-537A is an ionophore that can carry cations across cell membranes. We
      studied its effects on spontaneous and stimulated quantal acetylcholine (ACh)
      release at the frog neuromuscular junction. 2. When neuromuscular transmission
      was blocked with high Mg2+ or with curare, X-537A markedly increased the end
      plate potential (e.p.p.) amplitude. Then a few minutes later the e.p.p.
      disappeared. 3. When neuromuscular transmission was blocked with hypertonic
      saline solution, X-537A did not increase e.p.p. amplitude; it did produce many
      transmission failures. 4. X-537A decreased the depolarization of the end-plate
      produced by iontophoretically applied ACh. this may account in part for the
      disappearance of the e.p.p. in solutions containing the ionophore. 5. X-537A
      depolarized muscle fibres by about 15 mV. 6. When the extracellular divalent
      cation concentration was very low, X-537A had little or no effect on miniature
      end-plate potential (min.e.p.p.) frequency. 7. When a divalent cation was present
      in the extracellular fluid, X-537A increased the frequency of the min.e.p.p.s.
      The sequence of effectiveness of the divalent ions we have tested is: Ba2+
      greater than Sr2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Mn2+ congruent to Co2+ congruent
      to Ni2+ greater than Mg2+. There is a rough parallel between these results and
      the reported affinity of X-537A for various divalent ions. 8. The increase in
      min.e.p.p. frequency caused by X-537A was transitory, following the increase
      min.e.p.p. frequency fell to a very low rate or to zero. Then nerve stimulation
      did not cause quantal release. A second application of X-537A was without effect.
      9. X-537A decreased min.e.p.p. amplitude, in accord with the effect on the
      sensitivity of the end-plate to ACh. 10. The results support the idea that
      increases in intracellular divalent cation concentrations trigger quantal release
      from nerve terminals and are involved in the disensitization of end plate
      receptors to ACh.

PMID- 182962
TI  - Proceedings: Plasma ACTH levels during human pregnancy.

PMID- 182963
TI  - Proceedings: Prostaglandins as possible mediators of tumour-induced bone
      resorption.

PMID- 182961
TI  - The role of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the ability of
      sympathetic nerve stimulation to enhance growth and secretion in rat salivary
      glands in vivo.
AB  - 1. The cyclic AMP content of the rat salivary glands was measured after
      sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulation, and after the administration
      of isoprenaline and phenylephrine. 2. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves (20
      Hz, 1 msec supramaximal voltage for 30 sec of every min) initially raised the
      cyclic AMP level in both the parotid and submaxillary glands. The rise, which was
      blocked by propranolol, was not maintained and declined during stimulation from
      the maximum (reached after 3 min stimulation) to control levels after
      approximately 15 min. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves for 5 min did not
      raise the cyclic AMP levels. 3. Isoprenaline and phenylephrine raised the cyclic
      AMP level in both glands. 4. Theophylline enhanced the growth of the parotid and
      submaxillary glands as measured either by an increase in the wet and dry weights
      or in acinar axes lengths. N6O2-dibutyryl cyclic monophosphoric acid (dibutyryl
      cyclic AMP), did not enhance the growth of the glands. 5. It is concluded that
      cyclic AMP does not directly control cell growth in the rat salivary glands but
      may be a 'trigger' for events leading eventually to increased growth.

PMID- 182965
TI  - Adverse effects of tris hydrochloride, a commonly used buffer in physiological
      media.
AB  - 1. Tris 10mM, produced inhibition of motor responses to adrenergic motor nerve
      stimulation in all smooth muscles studied (rat anococcygeus and vas deferens
      perfused rabbit ear artery). Up to 30 mM Tris was without significant effect on
      those motor responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation examined (guinea-pig
      ileum). 2. a similar reduction in responses to endogenous motor agonists was seen
      only in the anococcygeus, while in the rabbit ear artery, responses to
      noradrenaline (NA) were potentiated. 3. tris consistently produced increased tone
      in the rat anococcygeus and rabbit aorta, but in no other tissue, Small
      reductions in tone were seen with Tris in spiral strips of rabbit ear artery. 4.
      inhibitory responses to adrenergic nerve stimulation and to NA in the rabbit
      jejunum and to inhibitory nerve stimulation in the rat anococcygeus were
      unaffected by Tris. 5. in the perfused rabbit heart Tris produced a negative
      inotropic effect and reduced responses to vagal stimulation. Responses to
      sympathetic nerve stimulation and to ACh and NA were not significantly altered.
      6. up to 40 mM Tris had little effect on responses of the rat diaphragm to motor
      nerve stimulation. 7. the effects of Tris on the rat anococcygeus were not
      reduced by increased calcium levels but were reduced at lower incubation
      temperatures. The negative inotropic effect of Tris on the rabbit heart was also
      reduced at lower temperatures. 8. the buffer HEPES produced a reduction in
      responses to stimulation in the rat anococcygeus and vas deferens along, but at
      higher concentrations than those of Tris. Increases in tone in the anococcygeus
      and aorta were never seen with HEPES. 9. These results indicate that Tris in
      concentrations commonly used as a buffer in physiological salines can exert toxic
      effects on neuro-muscular transmission in smooth and cardiac muscle though not in
      skeletal muscle. The effects are variable, mainly presynaptic and appear to
      affect in particular motor and especially adrenergic transmission. They may be
      associated with intracellular metabolic actions of Tris.

PMID- 182964
TI  - Synaptic depression related to presynaptic axon conduction block.
AB  - 1. The depression of synaptic transmission, which occurs during prolonged
      repetitive activation, was examined in the opener muscle of the crayfish walking
      leg. 2. Excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) initially facilitated but
      then declined to low amplitudes after about 4000 stimulus pulses had been
      delivered; this depression is presynaptic in origin; 3. Axon conduction blocks
      occured at points of bifurcation along the entire length of the presynaptic
      nerve. This resulted in failure of the nerve impulse to invade some branches of
      the terminal arborization. 4. Nerve terminal invasion failure caused either
      intermittent or complete inactiviation of some synaptic release sites; this was
      associated with depression of the post-synaptic response. 5. The statistics of
      transmitter release during prolonged repetitive stimulation were examined by
      focal extracellular recording methods. Transmitter release could be described by
      binomial statistics, and depression involved a drop in m, n and p. 6. The rate of
      spontaneous quantal release did not decrease, however, arguing against
      transmitter depletion. 7. It is concluded that repetitive stimulation eventually
      leads to depolarization of the axon membrane. This causes impulse propagation
      failure which reduces the number of synaptic release sites that are activated and
      mimics a drop in the effective stimulation rate; both effects cause synaptic
      depression.

PMID- 182967
TI  - Statistical fluctuations in charge transfer at Ia synapses on spinal
      motoneurones.
AB  - 1. Net inward charge is calculated for unitary Ia e.p.s.p.s. evoked in spinal
      motoneurones. Fluctuations in this charge are used to describe the fluctuations
      in transmission at the Ia synapse. 2. The statistical details of variation in
      transmission at Ia synapses are largely obscured by noise, arising from
      spontaneous activity and recording apparatus. 3. A computational procedure is
      described, which utilized the measured statistical properties of the recording
      noise, and the measured charge histogram of the evoked e.p.s.p. (with noise) to
      calculate the variations in charge due to the e.p.s.p. alone. 4. The fluctuation
      in charge transmission at Ia synapses are, in general, non-quantal. Nor are they
      described by binomial or Poisson statistics. 5. It is suggested that the basic
      mode of transmission at a single terminal is all-or-none. The fluctuations result
      from the combined effect of failures at several terminals arising from a single
      afferent fibre. This hypothesis is supported by further analysis of these results
      in a subsequent paper (Edwards, Redman & Walmysley, 1976a).

PMID- 182966
TI  - Interaction between inhibitory and excitatory synaptic potentials at a peripheral
      neurone.
AB  - 1. The interaction between inhibitory and excitatory synaptic potentials in
      neurones lying in the submucous plexus of guinea-pig ileum has been examined. 2.
      It was found that during an inhibitory conductance change, electrotonic
      potentials were more depressed in amplitude than were excitatory synaptic
      potentials. 3. It is suggested that inhibitory conductance changes may have only
      a slight effect on the impedance seen by excitatory synaptic currents as much of
      the excitatory synaptic current flow is likely to be capacitive. 4. A part of the
      depression of excitatory synaptic potential amplitude was not associated with
      changes in electrical properties of neurones and it is suggested that inhibitory
      transmitter may reduce the release of excitatory transmitter.

PMID- 182968
TI  - Non-quantal fluctuations and transmission failures in charge transfer at Ia
      synapses on spinal motoneurones.
AB  - 1. The origins of fluctuations in charge transfer during the generation of Ia
      e.p.s.p.s have been investigated. The discrete components which make up the
      fluctuating e.p.s.p. have been separated. 2. Some e.p.s.p.s fluctuate between two
      different amplitudes and time courses. These fluctuations have been analysed to
      show that charge transmission always occurs at one synaptic location, but not
      always at a second synaptic location. 3. The failures in transmission were study
      by stimulating the afferent fibre at different frequencies. Although different
      probabilities of failure were obtained at different frequencies, there was no
      systematic change in probability with increasing frequency. 4. Single afferents
      were tetanized and histograms of charge transfer computed during post-tetanic
      potentiation (p.t.p.). Only half of the units studied showed any p.t.p. In those
      that did, evidence was found for a decrease in the probability of failure during
      potentiation. 5. The results could not be used to distinguish between failure of
      the impulse to always propagate into the terminals, and failure of the terminals
      to release transmitter following adequate depolarization. 6. The fluctuations in
      transmission at a single synapse can be described by a binomial process with n =
      1 and p less than or equal to 1. Junctional mechanisms consistent with this
      description are discussed. Alternative mechanisms which associate failures with
      failure of impulse transmission at afferent fibre branch points are also
      suggested.

PMID- 182969
TI  - The effect of polarizing currents on unitary Ia excitatory post-synaptic
      potentials evoked in spinal motoneurones.
AB  - 1. Depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents were applied to motoneurones in
      which unitary Ia e.p.s.p.s were evoked. The results concentrate on those
      e.p.s.p.s which had time courses which were compatible with somatically located
      synapses. 2. No reversal of these e.p.s.p.s was observed. Depolarizing currents
      up to 150 nA simply reduced the peak amplitude. 3. Hyperpolarizing currents
      caused little, if any, increase in the peak amplitude of the e.p.s.p. The time
      course of decay became briefer as the membrane was hyperpolarized. 4. Changes in
      decay time course of the e.p.s.p. which accompanied depolarization and
      hyperpolarization could be attributed to changes in membrane conductances, rather
      than to changes in synaptic current time course. 5. The failure of the e.p.s.p.
      to increase with hyperpolarization was shown to be due to the failure of the
      synaptic current to increase, rather than to the shunting of anomalous
      rectification. 6. Chemical and electrical transmission are evaluated against
      these results and those of the preceding papers.

PMID- 182970
TI  - Blood pressure and sleep in the rat in normotension and in neurogenic
      hypertension.
AB  - 1. Blood pressure was recorded in normotensive rats (114 +/- 2 mmHg) and in those
      made hypertensive by baroreceptor denervation (135 +/- 4 mmHg) during natural
      sleep. The different states of the wakefulness-sleep cycle were identified by
      analysis of the frontal electrocorticogram, the cervical electromyogram and by
      behavioural changes. 2. During synchronized sleep the arterial pressure in the
      control animals usually remained unchanged as compared to values prevailing when
      the rats were awake and quiet. The blood pressure usually attained higher levels
      in the sino-aortically denervated rats during this state. 3. Coincidently with
      the short episodes of electrocortical desynchronization of the synchronized sleep
      the blood pressure exhibited rapid oscillations. These fluctuations were greater
      in the rats with neurogenic hypertension where there were large pressure drops.
      4. During desynchronized (REM) sleep arterial pressure underwent marked
      oscillations. While in the control rats the pressure usually rose, the
      baroreceptor-denervated rats showed a severe reduction in pressure. Arterial
      pressure in denervated animals became lower than that of the control rats, 106 +/
      2 and 121 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively. 5. We interpret these results to mean that
      in the rat alterations in the sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex could be an
      important factor in preventing the arterial pressure from rising to hypertensive
      levels during syndhronized sleep and from dropping to low values during
      desynchronized (REM) sleep.

PMID- 182971
TI  - [The ACTH of the pituitary pars intermedia].
AB  - The present investigation suggests that the intermediate lobe contains
      corticotrophic cells that are morphologically similar to those of the
      adenohypophysis. It can also be concluded that the ACTH molecules extracted from
      the intermediate lobe do not differ from those from the adenohypophysis. The
      immunocytochemical studies confirm the presence of ACTH in the intermediate lobes
      of all species studied so far, and stimulate the question of the mechanism of
      ACTH synthesis at this level. The interrelationships between different peptides
      of the intermediate lobe, including LPH, ACTH, CLIP and MSH, require further
      investigations. The intermediate lobe synthesizes and releases ACTH in vitro.
      This release can be stimulated by crude extracts of the median eminence or of
      cerebral cortex, and does not seem to be controlled by the CRF. Although ACTH of
      the intermediate lobe intervenes in vivo in the response to a neurogenic stress,
      one may not assume that the intermediate lobe alone plays an important role in
      the maintenance of the adrenal cortex, as the adrenals are similarly affected by
      hypophysectomy or pars distalis removal.

PMID- 182972
TI  - [Hormonal control of the adenyl cyclase activity of adipose cell membranes
      prepared from badger, rabbit, fox and rat adipose tissues].
AB  - 1. We have shown differences in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
      in fat cell ghosts prepared from rat, rabbit, fox and badger adipose tissue,
      under the influence of catecholamines, ACTH and insulin. a) In the rat,
      catecholamines induced a large stimulation (+315%) of adenylate cyclase. b) In
      the rabbit, ACTH was the most effective hormone. c) In the fox and the badger,
      only catecholamines could stimulate adenylate cyclase. d) In both rat and rabbit,
      insulin did not reduce spontaneous enzymatic activity. Moreover, the activation
      of adenylate cyclase by ACTH in the rabbit was not altered by insulin, while in
      the rat, this hormone slightly decreased epinephrine stimulation. 2. Hormonal
      regulation of adenylate cyclase correlated with the lipolytic response.

PMID- 182973
TI  - [Respiratory oscillation, central programming and motor command].

PMID- 182974
TI  - [Cortical control of movements and its regulation by proprioceptive afferences].

PMID- 182977
TI  - Planning and organizing a young adult social club.

PMID- 182976
TI  - Life style: marital stability versus the swinging singles existence.

PMID- 182978
TI  - Control of screaming behavior using aversive conditioning and time-out.

PMID- 182975
TI  - [Neuromechanisms of reciprocal interrelation between jaw-opening and jaw-closing
      muscles in the cat (author's transl)].
AB  - Neural controlling mechanisms between the digastric (jaw-opening) and masseter
      (jaw-closing) muscles were studied in the cat. High threshold afferent impulses
      from the anterior belly of the digastric muscle to masseteric montoneurons in the
      trigeminal motor nucleus induced an EPSP-IPSP sequence of potentials with long
      latency, and high threshold afferent impulses from the masseter muscle also
      exerted a similar effect on digastric motoneurons in the same nucleus innervating
      the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. These results suggest that reciprocal
      inhibition via Ia interneurons as observed between the flexor and extensor
      muscles in the spinal cord does not exist between the digastric and masseter
      muscles in the cat. However, the respective motoneurons innervating the masseter
      and digastric muscles receive inputs of early excitation-late inhibition via high
      threshold afferent nerve fibers from each antagonistic muscle. As such, since
      EPSPs preceding IPSPs are recognized, these high threshold afferent impulses may
      exert not only a reciprocal inhibitory effect, but also a synchronous excitatory
      or inhibitory effect on the antagonistic motoneurons.

PMID- 182979
TI  - Control of food aversion using a reward model.

PMID- 182980
TI  - Role of the psychiatric nurse.

PMID- 182981
TI  - Debriefing as primary prevention in unusual life events: operation babylift.

PMID- 182982
TI  - Ovarian tumorigenesis after whole body x-ray irradiation in ddY/F and C3H/Tw
      mice.

PMID- 182983
TI  - [Hepatography with water-soluble and iodized lipid emulsion contrast media
      injected intra-arterially].

PMID- 182984
TI  - [Digestive angiography: critical evaluation. Liver tumors].

PMID- 182985
TI  - [Critical evaluation in digestive angiography of the study of the spleen and
      pancreas].

PMID- 182986
TI  - [Intravenous hepatography].

PMID- 182987
TI  - [Histo-pathological factors and demonstration by arteriography of secreting
      adenomas of the pancreas].

PMID- 182988
TI  - [Intravenous hepatography with iodo-lipids: application to exploration of the
      liver].

PMID- 182989
TI  - [Histologic control after hepatosplenography with intravenous injection of fine
      emulsions of ethylic esters of iodized fatty acids].

PMID- 182991
TI  - [Experimental determination of the smallest visible lacuna in hepatography].

PMID- 182990
TI  - [Experimental study of intravenous hepatography with iodo-lipids].

PMID- 182992
TI  - [Radio-anatomy and abnormalities of development in hepatography].

PMID- 182993
TI  - [Comparative study of hepative scintigraphy and hepatography with lipidol (69
      cases)].

PMID- 182994
TI  - [Personal experience in liposoluble hepatography].

PMID- 182995
TI  - [Studies of chemical aspects in the development of new products for contrast
      cholangiography].

PMID- 182996
TI  - [Angiography of the pancreas after pharmocologic stimulation].

PMID- 182997
TI  - [Quantitative study of total body retention and local uptake of strontium 85 and
      technectium pyrophosphate in bone pathology].

PMID- 182998
TI  - [Sodium pyrophosphate labeled by technetium 99m in the study of bone metastases.
      Role and limitations of the examination].

PMID- 182999
TI  - Non functional malignant nesidioblastoma. About one case (author's transl).
AB  - The authors report a case of, non functional, malignant, delta-cell,
      nesidioblastoma and, this way, make a review of the literature. It was a cephalic
      tumor, which manifestations were jaundice and loss weight and which hypervascular
      character involved an abdominal bruit. The angiographic aspect settle them to
      established correlation between functional and non functional tumors: the formers
      characteristic "blush", agreeding in fact with the initial phase of the growth,
      increase in a monstruous "pseudoangiomatous" aspect in the laters.

PMID- 183000
TI  - Measurement of adenylate cyclase activity in ram spermatozoa.

PMID- 183001
TI  - Heat and fluorescence changes in cardiac muscle: effects of substrate and
      calcium.

PMID- 183002
TI  - Calcium flux during hemorrhagic shock in baboons.

PMID- 183003
TI  - Comparison of the ultrastructural and steroidogenic properties of mitochondria of
      fetal rat adrenals in tissue culture. A morphometric and a gas chromatographic
      analysis.

PMID- 183004
TI  - [Ultrastructural study on the pathogenesis of transplantable tumor invasion of
      striated muscle].

PMID- 183005
TI  - Induction of DNA polymerase in polyoma virus-infected mouse cells requires
      transcription and translation.
AB  - The induction of DNA polymerase activity and of DNA synthesis in polyoma virus
      infected mouse kidney cells is inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, even
      in cells that are already T-antigen positive. This indicates that the induction
      of the DNA-synthesizing apparatus requires transcription and translation. The
      increase in cellular DNA polymerase activity and in the DNA synthesizing capacity
      follows the appearance of T-antigen only after a characteristic lag period of
      several hours.

PMID- 183006
TI  - Avian leukosis viruses of different subgroups and types isolated after passage of
      Rous sarcoma virus-Rous-associated virus-0 in cells from different ring-necked
      pheasant embryos.
AB  - Avian leukosis viruses of subgroups A and F (RAV-A and RAV-F) arose at a low rate
      after passage of Rous sarcoma virus-Rous-associated virus-0, which is subgroup E,
      in cells from ring-necked pheasant embryos. In cells of two embryos, all of the
      viruses isolated after virus passage were RAV-F. However, in cells of a third
      embryo, both RAV-A and RAV-F were isolated. In addition, there sometimes were
      type-specific differences among the different isolates of RAV-A and RAV-F from
      the cells of single embryos. These results indicate that the RAV-A and RAV-F
      probably arose by recombination of viral and cellular genes, that different ring
      necked pheasant embryo may have different endogenous avian leukosis virus-related
      nucleotide sequences, and that recombination at different sites in these
      endogenous sequences might give rise to type-specific differences among the RAV-A
      and RAV-F.

PMID- 183007
TI  - Action of ethyl and methyl methane sulfonates on DNA injection and genetic
      recombination in T7 bacteriophage.
AB  - After treatment with methyl or ethyl methane sulfonate, T7 amber mutants display
      a reduced capacity for recombination. Moreover, alkylation reduces recombination
      frequency involving markers on the right-hand side of the genetic map more than
      it reduces recombination frequency involving markers on the left-hand side. We
      interpret this to mean that alkylation can stop DNA injection at any point along
      the DNA molecule, and that T7 phage injects its DNA in a unique fashion starting
      from the end carrying the genes for early proteins.

PMID- 183008
TI  - Encephalomyocarditis virus RNA: variations in polyadenylic acid content and
      biological activity.
AB  - Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) viral RNA was isolated from purified virus grown in
      Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The viral RNA was found to contain polyadenylic acid
      [poly(A)] regions that were very heterogeneous in length. Chromatography of the
      EMC viral RNA on oligo(dT)-cellulose columns separated the RNA into three
      distinct fractions (peaks 1 to 3). Approximately 20% of the EMC viral RNA
      appeared as peak 1, 40% as peak 2, and 40% as peak 3. The RNA in each fraction
      appeared to be intact as shown by co-sedimentation with 35S unfractionated EMC
      viral RNA in SDS-sucrose density gradients. Approximately 95 to 100% of peaks 1
      and 3, and 60 to 70% of peak 2, reappeared at the same elution position after
      rechromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose. The RNA in peak 1 contained poly(A) with
      an average length of 16 nucleotides, peak 2 contained poly(A) with an average of
      26 nucleotides, and peak 3 contained an average of 74 nucleotides in its poly(A)
      region. The distribution in the three fractions, as well as the average length of
      the poly(A) moieties, was relatively unaffected by changes in the cell suspension
      medium used during infection. Finally, each of the three viral RNA fractions was
      assayed for biological activity using an infectious RNA assay on L-cell
      monolayers. Infectivity of the viral RNA was found to increase with poly(A)
      length, with peak 3 viral RNA being approximately 10 times more infectious than
      peak 1 viral RNA.

PMID- 183009
TI  - Size of murine RNA tumor virus-specific nuclear RNA molecules.
AB  - About 1% of the total RNA of cell lines producing murine leukemia virus is virus
      specific RNA. About one-third of the virus-specific RNA is located within the
      nucleus. The size distribution of virus-specific RNA was determined before and
      after denaturation. Before denaturation, virus-specific RNA sequences sedimented
      as a heterogeneous population of RNA molecules, some of which sedimented very
      rapidly. After denaturation, most of the virus-specific RNA had a sedimentation
      coefficient of 35S or lower, but a small fraction of the nuclear virus-specific
      RNA sedimented more rapidly than 35S RNA even after denaturation.

PMID- 183010
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a heat-inducible simian virus 40 mutant.
AB  - We have isolated a new type of temperature-sensitive mutant of simian virus 40
      (SV40) that is capable of productive infection in permissive cells but not of
      maintenance of viral DNA integration in transformed cells at the conditional
      temperature. Virus development is induced when cells transformed by this mutant
      are shifted to temperatures above 39 degrees C, but is not induced below this
      temperature. The plaque-purified, temperature-sensitive mutant virus confers heat
      inducibility to new host cells, indicating that the conditional function is a
      property of the viral genome. Unlike previously described temperature-sensitive
      SV40 mutants, in (ts)-1501 is capable of productive infection in permissive cells
      at the conditional temperature. The morphology, growth, and oncogenicity of in
      (ts)-1501-transformed cells at 37 degrees C are similar to those of cell lines
      transformed by wild-type SV40. HK10-c2(in(ts)-1501), a cloned cell line,
      transformed at 37 degrees C by the mutant virus, exhibits a transient increase in
      DNA synthesis before cell death at the conditional temperature. Many properties
      of in(ts)-1501 are analogous to those of the heat-inducible mutants of
      bacteriophages in which a heat-inactivated protein is responsible for the stable
      integration of the prophage in the bacterial chromosome.

PMID- 183011
TI  - Association of the polioviral RNA polymerase complex with phospholipid membranes.
AB  - Polioviral RNA polymerase complex, which consists of enzyme, template, and
      nascent RNA, is membrane bound in vivo. The solubilized RNA polymerase complex
      associated spontaneously in vitro with phospholipid bilayer membranes (liposomes)
      of defined composition. The degree of association at 37 degrees C was greater for
      those membranes that were more fluid, suggesting that the binding involves the
      interaction of the RNA polymerase complex with the hydrocarbon chains in the
      interior of the lipid bilayer. The polymerase activity was not enhanced by
      addition of the lipid; in fact, the addition of some of the longer-chain lipids
      resulted in up to a 40% inhibition of the polymerase activity. Spin-label
      electron paramagnetic resonance experiments, which measured the membrane
      fluidity, and kinetic experiments on the rate of incorporation of tritiated UTP
      into RNA by the polymerase were performed as a function of temperature. The
      results indicated that the activity of the polymerase was not affected by the
      physical state of the phospholipid membrane and that its active site was not
      intimately associated with the membrane. Analysis of both the viral and host
      polypeptides associated with the smooth membrane-bound polymerase indicated that
      X was the primary viral polypeptide present. In addition, host polypeptides of
      molecular weight 86,000, 62,000, 54,000, and 46,000 were also present. If the
      membrane was disrupted with detergent, polypeptide X was released from the
      polymerase activity, suggesting that X may play a role in binding the polymerase
      to the membrane. In an analogous manner, polypeptide X associated spontaneously
      with phospholipid membranes to a greater extent than the capsid polypeptides.
      Analysis of both the host and viral polypeptides associated with the viral RNA
      polymerase purified by precipitation in 2 M LiCl indicated that host polypeptides
      of molecular weight 106,000, 38,000, 33,000, and 14,000 were the major
      constituents, whereas relatively small amounts of the viral polypeptides were
      present. It was confirmed that of the viral polypeptides found, polypeptide 4 was
      present in the largest amount.

PMID- 183012
TI  - Analysis of in vitro transcription products of intracellular vesicular stomatitis
      virus RNA polymerase.
AB  - The intracellular transcriptase complex of vesicular stomatitis virus-infected L
      cells synthesized RNA complementary to the entire infectious virus genome at
      either 37 degrees C or 28 degrees C in vitro. Not all sequences were present at
      the same frequency, however; copies of that segment of the genome common to the
      LT defective particles were present at 20 to 100 times higher frequently than
      copies of the genome segment common to the ST defective particle. The less
      frequent region was transcribed somewhat more effectively at 28 degrees C than at
      37 degrees C. The results suggest that transcriptional regulation rather than
      selective degradation is responsible for the differential accumulation of RNA.

PMID- 183013
TI  - Nucleotide sequence that binds primer for DNA synthesis to the avian sarcoma
      virus genome.
AB  - Initiation of transcription from the genome of avian sarcoma virus by RNA
      directed DNA polymerase in vitro requires tRNAtrp as a primer. The tRNA is bound
      to the viral genome by a sequence of 16 contiguous nucleotides (U-C-A-C-G-U-C-G-G
      G-G-U-C-A-C-Cp), beginning with the penultimate base at the 3' terminus of the
      primer and extending through the acceptor stem into loop IV of the tRNA.
      Consequently, the native conformation of the tRNA must be disrupted by the
      binding of primer to the viral genome. The binding sequence does not include two
      adjacent residues of pseudouridine in loop IV, which distinguish the primer from
      many other tRNAs, and the 3' terminal adenosine of primer may also be excluded
      from base pairing with the viral genome.

PMID- 183015
TI  - Translation of individual host mRNA's in MPC-11 cells is differentially
      suppressed after infection by vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - Infection of MPC-11 mouse plasmacytoma cells by vesicular stomatitis virus
      results in 30 to 35% reduction in [35S]methionine incorporation into total
      proteins within 30 min postinfection. By 6 h postinfection, total protein
      synthesis is reduced by 80 to 90%. However, even by 30 min postinfection, a
      differential suppression of the synthesis of individual host protein is observed.
      The synthesis of the immunoglobin G (IgG) heavy chain (H), and, in particular,
      the synthesis of IgG light chain (L), is considerably more resistant to vesicular
      stomatitis virus-induced inhibition than is the synthesis of the non-IgG proteins
      as a whole; e.g., when the synthesis of non-IgG proteins was reduced by 41%, the
      synthesis of the H and L chains was reduced by 28 and 7%, respectively.
      Furthermore, these alterations in the relative synthesis of the L chain, H chain,
      and non-IgG are comparable to the alterations previously observed in uninfected
      MPC-11 cells when the overall rate of polypeptide chain initiation was
      selectively reduced (D.L. Nuss and G. Koch, 1976). These results are discussed in
      terms of the strategy of virus-directed suppression of host mRNA translation.

PMID- 183014
TI  - Conditional lethal mutants of adenovirus type 2-simian virus 40 hybrids. II.
      Ad2+ND1 host-range mutants that synthesize fragments of the Ad2+ND1 30K protein.
AB  - Adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) grows 1,000 times less well in monkey cells than in human
      cells. This defect can be overcome, not only upon co-infection of cells with
      simian virus 40 (SV40), but also when the relevant part of the SV40 genome is
      integrated into the adenovirus genome to form an adenovirus-SV40 hybrid virus. We
      have used the nondefective Ad2-SV40 hybrid virus Ad2+ND1, which contains an
      insertion of 17% of the SV40 genome, to isolate host-range mutants which are
      defective in growth on monkey cells although they grow normally on human cells.
      Like Ad2, these mutants are defective in the synthesis of late proteins in monkey
      cells. A 30,000-molecular-weight protein (30K), unique to Ad2+ND1-infected cells,
      can be synthesized in vitro, using Ad2+ND1 mRNA that contains SV40 sequences. 30K
      is not seen in cells infected with those host-range mutants that are most
      defective in growth on monkey cells, and translation in vitro of SV40-specific
      mRNA from these cells produces new unique polypeptides, instead of 30K. Genetic
      and biochemical analyses indicate that these mutants carry point mutations rather
      than deletions.

PMID- 183016
TI  - Human cytomegalovirus: glycoproteins associated with virions and dense bodies.
AB  - The glycoproteins associated with the membranes of cytomegalovirions and dense
      bodies were characterized by their relative mobility, percentage of glucosamine
      incorporation, and molecular weight. Eight glycopolypeptides were repeatedly
      detectable. Three glycopolypeptides of higher molecular weight with low levels of
      glucosamine incorporation were occasionally detectable. These latter
      glycopolypeptides may be precursors or aggregates of the glycopolypeptides with
      lower molecular weights. The glycoproteins associated with the membranes were on
      the surface, as determined by iodination with 125I of virions and dense bodies
      partially purified in gradients of D-sorbitol. Velocity centrifugation in linear
      gradients of D-sorbitol was used to obtain concentrated and partially purified
      preparations of infectious cytomegalovirus. Viral infectivity and the membranes
      of cytomegalovirions and dense bodies were stable in gradients of sorbitol, but
      cellular contaminants were not completely removed. Additional centrifugation in
      CsCl separated both cellular contaminants and viral nucleocapsids from virions
      and dense bodies. Many dense bodies, which are considered to be aberrant forms of
      cytomegalovirus, had the same size, sedimentation properties, and density as
      virions. Consequently, they were not separable from virions by various
      centrifugation techniques. Electron microscopy demonstrated that purified virions
      and dense bodies were qualitatively free of extraneous material and that each
      dense body was bounded by a membrane, as evidenced by its double-tract
      appearance. Antisera to a preparation of purified virions and dense bodies, or to
      their glycoproteins, contained antibodies that neutralized viral infectivity and
      reacted with antigens in cells infected with cytomegalovirus. However, these same
      antisera did not contain antibodies that reacted with uninfected cells. The
      glycoproteins associated with the membranes of cytomegalovirions and dense bodies
      are considered to be specified by the cytomegalovirus genome.

PMID- 183017
TI  - RNA polymerase activity in purified virions of avian reticuloendotheliosis
      viruses.
AB  - An RNA polymerase activity that synthesizes a U-rich RNA hydrogen bonded to a
      large viral RNA molecule was found in the cores of virions of avian
      reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REV). The RNA polymerase activity was separable
      from the DNA polymerase activity of REV virions. The 5'-terminus of the newly
      synthesized RNA was A. In addition, a tRNA nucleotidyl transferase activity,
      which added -CpCpA ends to tRNA, appears to be present in the REV virions.

PMID- 183018
TI  - Early events in polyoma virus infection: attachment, penetration, and nuclear
      entry.
AB  - The plaque-assay technique was used as a tool to determine the optimal conditions
      for adsorption of polyoma virions to host cells. Using these optimal conditions
      of adsorption, an electron microscopy study of the early events of infection was
      performed. By electron microscopy and autoradiography, it was demonstrated that
      both the viral coat proteins and DNA arrive simultaneously in the nucleus as
      early as 15 min postinfection. When horseradish peroxidase-labeled virions,
      pseudovirions, and capsids were used to infect cells, only the particles with
      nucleic acid or a factor(s) associated with the nucleic acid, i.e., histones,
      appeared to enter the nucleus. Moreover, when virions were used to infect either
      permissive or nonpermissive cells, identical early events of viral infection,
      i.e., adsorption, penetration, and nuclear transport, were observed, suggesting
      that these early events of infection are a property of the virion and not the
      host cell.

PMID- 183019
TI  - Comparison of JC and BK human papovaviruses with simian virus 40: DNA homology
      studies.
AB  - Studies were performed to ascertain the relationship of human papovavirus JC to
      BK virus and to simian virus 40 (SV40) by further restriction endonuclease
      analysis and by DNA-DNA competition hybridization on membrane filters. Form I DNA
      extracted from two new isolates from cases of progressive multifocal
      leukoencephalopathy of human papovaviruses that were JC-like in their antigenic
      properties were found to yield restriction endonuclease fragmentation patterns
      similar to those of prototypic JC virus DNA and different from those of BK or
      SV40. Form I DNA preparations of JC and BK viruses were found to be related to
      each other and to SV40 DNA to a similar extent, with JC and BK virus DNAs
      containing sequences homologous to both early and late regions of the SV40
      genome. The relatedness in each comparison was less than 50%, and heterologous
      hybrids between either JC or BK and SV40 DNAs were found to be less stable than
      homologous SV40-SV40 hybrids in high concentrations of formamide, suggesting
      substantial mismatch within homologous regions, to the extent of 15 to 30%. The
      new JC-like isolates were also studied in competition hybridization reactions
      with SV40 DNA and yielded results similar to those obtained with JC virus.

PMID- 183020
TI  - Differential response of type C and intracisternal type A particle markers in
      cells treated with iododeoxyuridine and dexamethasone.
AB  - Mouse neuroblastoma cells containing intracisternal type A particles were treated
      with iododeoxyuridine and dexamethasone to induce the release of type C
      oncornavirus particles. For 5 days after treatment, antigenic markers and DNA
      polymerase activities specific to particles of each of the two types were assayed
      in the cells and in pellets obtained by high-speed centrifugation of the culture
      fluid. There was a marked release of C-particle antigen (p30) and DNA polymerase
      activity in extracellular particulate form, reaching a maximum on day 3 after
      treatment and falling thereafter. In contrast, no extracellular A-particle
      antigen was detected, and A-particle-specific DNA polymerase activity in the
      medium pellets did not increase from the original very low level. Electron
      microscopy confirmed the presence of free type C virus particles, but not
      intracisternal type A particles, in the culture fluid. Although intracellular
      levels of C-particle antigen rose 20- to 30-fold per milligram of cell protein,
      intracellular A-particle antigen and DNA polymerase activity did not vary more
      than two-fold. The relative rate of A-particle synthesis in the treated cells, as
      judged by incorporation of radioactive amino acids into the major structural
      protein (P73), was also unchanged over the period of observation. Thus, the
      induction of type C virus particle formation in cultured neuroblastoma cells had
      no detectable effect on the quantity, synthesis rate, or location of
      intracisternal type A particles.

PMID- 183021
TI  - DNA-binding proteins induced by herpes simplex virus type 2 in HEp-2 cells.
AB  - Affinity chromatography on single-stranded and double-stranded DNA-cellulose
      indicates that 12 proteins previously identified from herpes simplex virus type 2
      infected cells, ranging in molecular weight from 28 X 10(3) to 186 X 10(3), bind
      to DNA-cellulose. The DNA-binding proteins found in infected cells differed in
      relative binding strengths for denatured DNA-cellulose. The virus specificity of
      these DNA-binding proteins was further studied by comparison with DNA-binding
      proteins isolated from mock-infected cells, and by immunoprecipitation of
      infected-cell DNA-binding proteins with antisera specific for viral antigens. The
      promise this technique holds for the purification and study of polypeptides
      involved in virus DNA replication, recombination, or repair is discussed.

PMID- 183022
TI  - Polyadenylic acid in the genomic RNA of mengovirus.
AB  - The polyadenylic acid contained in 35S mengovirus RNA produced in infected BHK-21
      cells contained approximately 94% AMP and was estimated to contain an average of
      50 to 55 nucleotides. The polyadenylic acid is placed at the 3'-end of the
      genomic RNA based on the presence of significant levels of [3H]adenosine in
      complete alkali or RNase T2 digests of polyadenylic acid from [3H]adenosine
      labeled 35S viral RNA.

PMID- 183023
TI  - Interaction of liposomes with subviral particles of poliovirus type 2 and
      rhinovirus type 2.
AB  - Subviral particles ("A particles") were produced from rhinovirus type 2 by
      treatment with acid and from poliovirus type 2 by incubation at 37 degrees C in a
      low-ionic-strength buffer. A particles, but not virions, adsorbed to liposomes.
      It is proposed that these reactions may provide an in vitro model for two early
      steps of infection.

PMID- 183025
TI  - Lysine tRNA's associated with avian myeloblastosis virus 70S RNA.
AB  - The lysine tRNA released from the 70S RNA of avian myeloblastosis virus was
      separated by reversed-phase chromatography. All of the AAG-coding lysine tRNA's
      were present in the 70S-associated fraction; however, the AAA-coding lysine tRNA
      could not be detected. Chromatography of the lysine tRNA released at various
      temperatures did not show any preferential release of one AAG-coding species over
      another.

PMID- 183024
TI  - Radioisotopic labeling of human papovavirus (BK) by iodination and reductive
      alkylation.
AB  - Purified virions of the GS strain of the BK group of human papovaviruses were
      labeled with 125I using chloramine T or lactoperoxidase or with tritium using
      sodium borohydride. All viral polypeptides were labeled. Tryptic digests of
      iodinated VP1 were analyzed.

PMID- 183026
TI  - Hepatic adenomata with type 1 glycogen storage disease.
AB  - In older patients with glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency adenomatous nodules
      develop within the liver parenchyma. Investigation of eight such patients, age 3
      to 28 years, using radioisotopic scans, has demonstrated areas of depressed
      isotope uptake in the liver in all except the one preteenaged child. Three
      patients were further studied with hepatic angiograms and liver biopsy specimens.
      A diffuse nodularity, more widespread than apparent on isotopic scans, was
      demonstrated on angiograms. Although initial histologic study in each case showed
      adenomatous tissue without evidence of neoplasm, the development of
      hepatocellular carcinoma in one of our patients and in others from the literature
      suggests that the nodules may be premalignant.

PMID- 183027
TI  - Positive differential heterophile antibody test. Persistence in a symptomatic
      patient.
AB  - A patient who had documented mononucleosis in June 1971 has been persistently
      symptomatic since that time, with easy fatigability and weight loss. He has also
      had a positive differential heterophile antibody test for mononucleosis for 14
      months. Although no evidence for active Estein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was
      discovered, the possibility of a chronic EBV infection is discussed.

PMID- 183028
TI  - Hepatic abscess. Diagnosis in the adult by total body opacification.
AB  - Two adults had the hypovascular nature of their hepatic abscesses ascertained by
      total body opacification. In one, total body opacification identified the
      hypovascular nature of the lesion, facilitating its differentiation from vascular
      hepatoma. In the other, the clinical diagnosis was acute cholecystitis with
      empyema of the gallbladder, and the liver was normal to inspection and palpation
      at celiotomy. Total body opacification may be helpful in the examination of
      abdominal masses.

PMID- 183029
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast. Occurence after treatment with melphalan for multiple
      myeloma.

PMID- 183030
TI  - [Epidemiology of Japenese encephalitis--factor analysis of its decline in recent
      years].

PMID- 183031
TI  - [Acute lymphatic leukemia and related diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 183032
TI  - Clostridium perfringens exotoxins. III. Binding of theta-toxin to erythrocyte
      membrane.
AB  - When Clostridium perfringens theta-toxin was incubated with sheep erythrocytes
      the toxin activity disappeared before lysis, the fact of which suggests fixation
      of the toxin to erythrocyte membranes. 2. Theta-Toxin lost its activity by
      binding to cell membranes, and the membrane constituted inhibitor of theta
      hemolysis was neither a protein, a carbohydrate nor a phosphatide, but was
      cholesterol. From these results this report proposes that the theta-toxin binding
      site of erythrocytes should be cholesterol.

PMID- 183033
TI  - Vertical transmission of type I and type 2 Herpes simplex virus infection in
      hamsters.
AB  - The relation of type 2 herpes simplex virus infection during the several stages
      of embryogenesis of hamster was examined using histopathological and
      immunofluorescent techniques. The comparative investigation between type 2 and
      type 1 was done. Both types of herpes simplex virus caused placental lesions and
      vertical transmission in fetuses when the virus was inoculated intravenously into
      pregnant hamsters at the middle and late stage of gestation.

PMID- 183034
TI  - Temporal analysis of cellular cytotoxicity and humoral factors during progession
      and regression of Rous sarcomas in Japanese quails.
AB  - Temporal appearance of cellular cytotoxicity and humoral activities including
      blocking and arming activities during the entire course of Rous sarcoma
      development in Japanese quails was examined by microcytotoxicity assay with
      comparison of animals bearing regressing tumors induced by a moderate dose of
      virus (regressors) and animals bearing growing tumors induced by a large dose of
      virus (progressors). Cellular cytotoxicity of the spleen cells in regressors was
      detected in a biphasic pattern; the first phase being observed as early as 3-5
      days post inoculation (p.i.), followed by an eclipse period between 7-10 days
      p.i. which was the time of active tumor growth, and the second phase occurring
      after 12 days p.i. when the tumor had attained the maximum size. In progressors,
      only the first phase was observed. Instead, a stimulatory effect of the spleen
      cells on growth of target cells was noticed. Arming activity which confers
      cytotoxic activity on the normal spleen cells was demonstrated in the sera of
      regressors in the similar biphasic pattern as the cellular cytotoxicity; the
      early activity being present at 3 days p.i., and the late one after 19 days p.i.
      The former was detected by pre-incubation of serum with effector cells in
      microcytotoxicity assay and the latter by pre-incubation with target cells. In
      progressors, only the early arming activity which reacts with effector cells was
      demonstrated. Blocking activity which abrogates cellular cytotoxicity was
      demonstrated in both regressors and progressors but in different patterns of
      appearance, that is, blocking activity in regressors was only transiently
      demonstrated only by pre-incubation with effector cells at the time of maximum
      tumor growth, while the activity in progressors seemed to persist after the tumor
      reached the maximum size. Since the earlier activity was found to be effective at
      effector cell level, and the later one at both effector and target cell levels,
      participation of blocking factors of different types in progressors was also
      suggested.

PMID- 183035
TI  - Studies on two viral strains isolated from the outbreak of equine influenza in
      Japan.

PMID- 183036
TI  - Studies on a test vaccine for equine influenza virus. I. Production of a test
      vaccine.

PMID- 183037
TI  - Studies on a test vaccine for equine influenza virus. II. Field trials.

PMID- 183038
TI  - Cause of "nakanuke" in chickens. I. Occurrence of "nakanuke" in chicken
      inoculated with the cells showed coexistence or C-type virus and turkey
      herpesvirus.

PMID- 183039
TI  - Cause of "nakanuke" in chickens. II. Isolation of C-type virus from material
      infected with turkey herpesvirus.

PMID- 183041
TI  - [The personnel situation in the health service].

PMID- 183042
TI  - [Health education - basis of preventive health. II. The patient's need for
      information].

PMID- 183043
TI  - [Health policy for older people].

PMID- 183040
TI  - [Gene frequencies of red cell adenylate kinase and adenosine deaminase in the
      population of Northern Bavaria (Germany) (author's transl)].
AB  - Within a population sample of 2,000 blood donors in Northern Bavaria the AK- and
      ADA-polymorphisms have been investigated. The calculated gene frequencies are:
      AK1=0,9665; AK2=0,333; AK3=0,0003; AKA1=0,9453; ADA2=0,0548.

PMID- 183044
TI  - [Doing justice to the handicapped (Part 2)].

PMID- 183045
TI  - [Switzerland: tasks of outpatient nursing care].

PMID- 183046
TI  - [Community health nursing facing new tasks].

PMID- 183047
TI  - [Educational goals for specialty continued education and its application in
      Steglitz Hospital].

PMID- 183048
TI  - [Short recapitulation for the next thirsty spell: our kidneys - the body's water
      police].

PMID- 183049
TI  - [Kidney stones].

PMID- 183050
TI  - [Interest organizations - present-day trade unions and their activities].

PMID- 183051
TI  - Redistribution of immunoglobulin receptors on human neutrophils and its
      relationship to the release of lysosomal enzymes;.
AB  - Release of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase from human neutrophils was
      induced by IgG or its Fc fragment, aggregated by immune precipitation or by
      coating on latex particles. Such release was inhibited when the cells were
      preincubated with free IgG or Fc fragments; F(ab')2 fragments were ineffective in
      both inducing and inhibiting beta-glucuronidase release. Neutrophils incubated
      with IgG or Fc fragments, when challenged with anti-IgG antibody, released
      lysosomal enzymes without the release of the cytoplasmic marker lactic
      dehydrogenase; These studies indicate that human neutrophils have surface
      receptors for the Fc portion of IgG. Neutrophils treated with IgG or its Fc
      fragment and subsequently with fluorescein- or ferritin-labeled anti-IgG showed
      binding of Fc or IgG to the cell membrane. Under suitable conditions, polar
      capping of labeled antibody was seen by fluorescence or electron microscopy.
      These studies suggest that the immunoglobulin receptors on neutrophils are
      redistributed when they are cross-linked with antibody. Fluidity of the membrane
      receptors appeared to be time and temperature dependent. Compounds such as 2
      deoxyglucose, colchicine, and cyclic AMP, which inhibit the release of lysosomal
      enzymes, also inhibited the redistribution of the surface receptors. Cytochalasin
      B, an agent which increases the release, was found to increase the receptor
      redistribution; The relationship between the release of lysosomal enzymes and
      receptor mobility is discussed;

PMID- 183052
TI  - An ultrastructural study of central nervous system disease produced by wild-type
      and temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus.
AB  - Outbred Swiss mice 3 to 4 weeks of age were injected intracerebrally with wild
      type vesicular stomatitis virus or its temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants ts 11,
      ts 22, ts 31, and ts 41. Brain and spinal cord were then studied for pathologic
      changes by electron microscopy. All mice infected with wild-type vesicular
      stomatitis virus died within 2 days of inoculation. Diffuse ependymal alterations
      often culminating in necrosis in brain and especially spinal cord and rare foci
      of necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration in the injected hemisphere were the
      main pathologic changes in these animals. In contrast, mice infected
      intracerebrally with ts 22 and ts 31 showed their first clinical signs,
      consisting of hind limb paralysis, on day 4 and did not die until day 7 or 8
      after inoculation. Ependymal alterations were of less severe degree in these
      animals, whereas the most striking changes were those of status spongiosus
      limited to the gray matter of the spinal cord. Such status spongiosus was mainly
      due to ballooning of dendrites and astrocytic processes, although myelin and
      neurons were also occasionally involved. Mice infected with ts 11 and ts 41, on
      the other hand, remained clinically well and failed to show significant
      pathologic features at 4 and 8 days after intracerebral inoculation. This study
      would indicate that some ts mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus are capable of
      altering the fulminating disease produced by the parent virus and of producing
      strikingly different pathologic changes.

PMID- 183053
TI  - Ultrastructural study of contraction of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells.
AB  - The pulmonary vessels of rats treated with fulvine were studied electron
      microscopically for morphologic signs of contraction of smooth muscle cells.
      Except for a number of indirect indications of vasoconstriction such as medial
      smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and excessive crenation of elastic laminae,
      conspicuous smooth muscle cell excrescences were observed and were interpreted to
      be a direct result of contraction. The close relationship between contraction and
      smooth muscle cell excrescences was confirmed by their simultaneous occurrence
      within 1 minute after administration of histamine to isolated perfused guinea pig
      lungs. The images of pulmonary vessels of rats with prolonged survival times
      after fulvine administration suggested a gradual increase in the size of the
      excrescences with a simultaneous degeneration of their cytoplasmic content, and
      in some cases their eventual detachment from the main cell body. The latter
      changes were possibly associated with the widespread vasculitis that often
      occurred at longer intervals after fulvine application. The smooth muscle cell
      excrescences in pulmonary veins were generally much more prominent than those in
      pulmonary arteries. This difference was probably caused by the more rigid
      structure of the arterial wall whcih prevented the formation of large
      excrescences. The mechanism of the formation of smooth muscle cell excrescences,
      their possible general validity as markers of vascular smooth muscle cell
      contraction, and the implications for the mechanism of action of fulvine are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 183054
TI  - An ultrastructural study of the glomerular slit diaphragm in New Zealand
      black/white mice.
AB  - Glomerular epithelial slit alterations and their relation to proteinuria have not
      been studied in detail in New Zealand Black/White (NZB/W) mice. The kidneys of
      proteinuric and nonproteinuric female NZB/W mice and normal Swiss albino mice
      were perfusion-fixed with tannic acid-glutaraldehyde and studied by light and
      electron microscopy. Semiquantitative studies were performed on full montages of
      glomeruli enlarged 10,000 times. Fine structural alterations of the epithelial
      slits, with emphasis on the slit diaphragm, were studied on semiserial thin
      sections. Proteinuric NZB/W mice with features of membraneous nephropathy
      exhibited: (1) wedging of electron-dense deposits below the slit diaphragm, (2)
      enlargement and distortion of interpedicel spaces, (3) displacement, folding, and
      stacking of slit diaphragms, (4) formation of occluding junctional complexes in
      residual slits, and (5) variable loss of foot processes. Similar alterations were
      not observed in controls or nonproteinuric NZB/W mice, including animals having
      complexes inglomerular mesangia but not in epithlialslits. These studies show
      that in NZB/W mice, abnormal protein excretion is associated with structural
      modification of the slit pore and suggest a role for such a component in the
      process of protein ex

PMID- 183055
TI  - Assessment of skeletal aging using the 3H-proline topographic labeling method.
AB  - The present report represents an extension of initial 3H-proline autoradiographic
      studies designed to provide, at both the cytologic and histologic levels, an
      indelible topographic record of skeletal events in aging mice. 3H-proline was
      administered in multiple time-spaced doses and the animals were serially killed
      between 6 and 14 days later. Whole femora sectioned in longitudinal and three
      cross-sectional planes were prepared for autoradiography and subsequent grain
      count and micrometric analysis of the silver topographic bands which form over
      mineralizing surfaces. These bands, coincidental with the cellular uptake and
      turnover of radiotracer, allowed for the assessment of cellular rates of labeled
      matrical precursor production and deposition from which the processes of bone
      growth and remodeling and the effects of aging on the skeletal system can be
      evaluated. In addition, composite tracings of topographic data derived from
      multiple sections prepared at different geometric planes allowed for three
      dimensional mapping of skeletal events. The results showed that the matrical
      rates of bone production in micrometers per day varied considerably from one
      surface to the next and decreased significantly with increasing age. The rates at
      posterior periosteal surfaces were twice those observed at the anterior
      periosteal surfaces of 5-week-old mice. By 26 weeks the rates decreased to 1/8
      times, respectively. Between 52 and 104 weeks of age, no significant matrix
      production occurred at the periosteal surfaces. Endosteal activity was greater
      than twice the posterior periosteal rate at 5 weeks, 1/4 times at 26 weeks, and
      1/8 times at 104 weeks of age. It was concluded that endosteal matrix production
      continued throughout life via active remodeling processes, but periosteal
      activity was turned-off by 52 weeks. Furthermore, the study unexpectedly showed
      that in old animals, subendosteal bone formation exhibiting hematopoietic
      activity is activated at 52 weeks in focal areas...

PMID- 183056
TI  - Crystals, paracrystals, and rigid tubules in multiple sclerotic brain and spinal
      fluid.
AB  - Brain and spinal fluid were obtained post mortem from an individual with multiple
      sclerosis who died following carbon monoxide inhalation. Electron microscopic
      examination of the plaque region revealed a crystalline structure (repeat unit
      380 to 410 A) within rough endoplasmic reticulum of astrocytes, a paracrystal
      (160 to 220 A) within the cytoplasm of astrocytes, and rigid tubules (outer
      diameter 320 to 450 A) within a cell in the lumen of a capillary. The paracrystal
      was enclosed by the glial fibrils. A second crystalline material was observed
      within cells in the 15,000 X g pellet from spinal fluid. The ultrastructural
      pattern of this second crystal was generated by three sets of parallel lines; a
      given set was intersected by the other two sets. The crystal had only two
      different repeat units (410 to 450 A; 310 to 350 A) since the smaller dimension
      was common for two sets of lines. The two crystals were large; the one in
      astrocytes had a length of 52,000 A and that in spinal fluid sediment was 62,000
      A. These structures were observed in the one multiple sclerotic brain obtained at
      autopsy but were not detected in multiple sclerotic brains that had been frozen
      for extended periods. Plaque regions and grossly normal white matter were
      homogenized and the 1000 X g supernatant of this material was fractionated in a
      continuous CsCl-sucrose density gradient. Long tubules (320 to 500 A diameter)
      were observed in the 1.24 to 1.26 density region. The major proteins of the 1.24
      to 1.26 fraction had molecular weights clustered at 40,000 to 45,000, 88,000 to
      130,000, and 300,000.

PMID- 183057
TI  - Influence on heating and estradiol of the activation and transformation of the
      estradiol receptor of the rat uterus.

PMID- 183058
TI  - A comparative study of receptors for natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in
      fetal rabbit lung.

PMID- 183059
TI  - Plasma deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone in essential hypertension.

PMID- 183060
TI  - Body temperature: thermodynamics of homeothermism.

PMID- 183061
TI  - A theoretical study of the reactive dimerization of HCN.

PMID- 183062
TI  - The malignancy of bronchial adenoma.
AB  - The literature on bronchial adenoma has been reviewed and controversy found to
      exist about certain aspects of these tumors, particularly their malignancy. A
      retrospective study of 79 cases managed in Edinburgh since 1946 is presented.
      Seventy-one were of the carcinoid type, 7 were adenoid cystic carcinomas, and
      there was a single example of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. All types show a definite
      malignant potential, greatest in the rare mucoepidermoid tumor and least in the
      common carcinoid variety. Adenoid cystic carcinoma occupied an intermediate
      position in frequency and malignancy.

PMID- 183063
TI  - Immune reactivity in primary carcinoma of the lung and its relation to prognosis.
AB  - Detailed studies of immune reactivity were performed in 154 patients with primary
      lung cancer, 20 patients with benign thoracic lesions, and 109 healthy persons.
      Reactions to the 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) skin test were postive in 73 per
      cent of patients with lung cancer and all (100 per cent) of the patients with
      benign disease (p less than 0.05). The incidence of DNCB reactions was 78 per
      cent for Stage I and II cancers (37 patinets), 73 per cent for resectable Stage
      III cancer (22 patients), and 66 per cent in patients with unresectable or
      inoperable Stage III cancer. DNCB reactivity showed a relationship to primary
      histology. The incidence of DNCB positive reactions was 80 per cent in patients
      with epidermold carcinoma versus 57 per cent in patients with adenocarcinoma, 64
      per cent in patients with oat cell cancer, and 80 per cent in patients with
      terminal bronchiolar carcinoma. In vitro immune studeis correlated best with
      stage of disease. These included the absolute lymphocyte count and absolute T
      cell count and lymphoxyte stimulation witalen A (Com A). These values were in the
      normal range in patients with Stage I cancer but were significantly depressed in
      patients with Stage III cancer. Svrvival curves were plotted in patients with
      Stage III disease according to the responses to three immune parameters: DNCB,
      absolute lymphocyte count, and PHS stimulation. Although patients with normal
      reactions generally had better survival rates, PHA responses showed the most
      significant correlation to survival. These tests support the usefulness of immune
      testing as an additional parameter of assessing biological risk in patients with
      primary lung cancer.

PMID- 183064
TI  - Results of treatment of primary carcinoma of the lung. Analysis of 3,000 cases.
AB  - Three thousand patients with primary carcinoma of the lung entered in the Armed
      Forces Central Medical Registry are reported. Forty-one per cent had squamous
      cell, 28.5 per cent adenocarcinoma, 25.2 per cent small cell/undifferentiated,
      and 4.9 per cent miscellaneous cell types. When first seen, 71.1 per cent had no
      organ metastases and 50.6 per cent no lymph node metastases. Over-all survival
      rate was 18.2 per cent at 5 years and 14.5 per cent at 10 years. Survival
      following definitive resection, palliative resection, definitive radiation,
      palliative radiation, and chemotherapy was determined both in the presence of
      mediastinal nodal involvement and in the absence of mediatinal nodal involvement.
      Where resection for cure could be carried out, 5 year survival rates of 48.8 per
      cent were possible. The factors affecting this improved outlook in our military
      population are discussed and, in general, appear to be related to a ready
      accessibility of medical care and the necessity, because of global commitments,
      of establishing an early diagnosis. Cell type ecerted some influence on survival,
      but the major determinant appeared to be the absence of involved nodes at the
      time of the operation.

PMID- 183065
TI  - Ultrastructural cytochemistry of platelets and megakaryocytes in the carcinoid
      syndrome.
AB  - Platelets and megakaryocytes from 11 patients with the carcinoid syndrome have
      been studied by transmission electron microscopy. Cells fixed in phosphate
      buffered glutaraldehyde are oval to discoid, with pseudopods, a dilated open
      channel system, and a prominent dense tubular system as defined by peroxidase
      activity and alkaline bismuth stain. Atypical with hexagonal lattices and treaded
      substructures and large (diameter greater than 0.5 mum), phosphatase-positive,
      debris-containing vacuoles are four times more numerous than in normal platelets.
      Incubation of platelets in a 0.05% suspension of latex results in particle
      incorporation into phagosomes and the debris-containing vacuoles. Molybdate
      dichromate stain reveals two classes of dense bodies, one of which (with a
      reticular core) is 20 times more numerous than in normal platelets. Bone marrow
      megakaryocytes lack both dense bodies and debris vacuoles analogous to those
      found in circulating platelets. These results suggest autophagy or endocytosis
      abnormalities and provide evidence for multiple types of dense bodies in
      carcinoid platelets.

PMID- 183067
TI  - Disorders of connective tissue function and the aging process: a synthesis and
      review of current concepts and findings.

PMID- 183066
TI  - Treatment of senile dementia and cerebellar disorders with phthalazinol. Cyclic
      AMP-increasing agent, phthalazinol, in therapeutic trials in hitherto incurable
      morbid conditions (I).
AB  - Three patients suffering from presenile dementia and two patients suffering from
      senile dementia were treated with phthalazinol. A limited but definite
      improvement in attentiveness, vocabulary reception and psychologic attainment and
      also a limited but definite improvement in range of motion, gait and endurance
      were noted shortly after the treatment with phthalazinol and the progression of
      their dementia seemed to be temporarily retarded by phthalazinol. Seven patients
      suffering from parenchymatous cerebellar degeneration (late cortico-cerebellar
      atrophy) and four patients suffering from olivopontocerebellar atrophy were
      treated with phthalazinol. A relatively rapid, limited and sustained improvement
      of cerebellar functions, including those of speaking, writing and walking, was
      noted in almost all patients. Also, rigidity, akinetic tendency and abnormal
      posture seen in olivopontocerebellar atrophy fairly well responded to the
      treatment. Dysphagia, disturbance of micturition, and hypersecretion of saliva
      have also rapidly and completely disappeared in all cases. The cases with a long
      history responded relatively poorly, but the cases with a relatively short
      history responded quite strikingly to the therapy. No side effects were noted.

PMID- 183068
TI  - [Endocrine pancreatic neoplasms].

PMID- 183069
TI  - [Etiological aspects regarding the development of laryngeal papillomas (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Papilloma of the larynx are virus-induced, benign neoplasmas. The virus belongs
      to the Papovavirus group and causes skin-warts, condylomata acuminata and
      papilloma of the mucous membranes. The close relation of these diseases is shown
      by a review of dermatologic and otologic literature and compared with own
      results.

PMID- 183070
TI  - [Trial of synthetic A.C.T.H. in the acceleration of maturation of the fetal
      lung].

PMID- 183071
TI  - Effects of bromocriptine on central dopaminergic receptors.

PMID- 183072
TI  - Calcium and cyclic nucleotide involvement in exocrine pancreatic enzyme secretion
      studied with the ionophore A-23187.

PMID- 183073
TI  - Correlation between cAMP, activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase(s), and
      rate of glycogenolysis in isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 183074
TI  - Pharmacologic evidence for a serotonin neural pathway involved in hypothalamus
      pituitary-adrenal function in rats.

PMID- 183075
TI  - The effects of narcotic analgesics and narcotic antagonists on ganglionic
      transmission in the rat.

PMID- 183077
TI  - Regulation of glycolysis in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 183076
TI  - Comparative effects of experimental lead poisoning on enzymatic activities of
      kidney and liver in rat.

PMID- 183078
TI  - Interaction of organomercurials with heat-synchronized tetrahymena.

PMID- 183079
TI  - Evaluation of an automated procedure for primary screening of
      hyperlipoproteinemias.
AB  - An automated procedure for the determination of beta-plus-pre-beta-lipoprotein
      cholesterol is described and evaluated for mass screening of
      hyperlipoproteinemias. It is shown that this method fulfills the requirements for
      an ideal method for primary screening: it can be used in non-fasting samples, is
      capable of detecting hyperlipoproteinemias characterized by both cholesterol
      and/or triglyceride abnormalities, is fast, accurate and extremely inexpensive.
      Evidence is shown that the method is extremely useful for primary screening and,
      when tested in a coronary screening detection program, gave only 4% false
      positive and 3.4% false negative results.

PMID- 183080
TI  - [Behavior of plasma glucagon in experimental fasting and somatostatin test in
      islet cell tumors].

PMID- 183082
TI  - [Disorders of the peripheral and vegetative nervous systems in Masson's glomus
      tumors].

PMID- 183081
TI  - [Serum lipids and serum lipoproteins in acute hepatitis. A correlation
      statistical analysis].

PMID- 183083
TI  - [Ovarial metastases in bronchial carcinoma].

PMID- 183084
TI  - Therapeutic failure in familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - The extended use of diet and cholestyramine therapy in familial type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia was examined in patients who previously participated in a
      short-term, double-blind trial. A striking secondary failure in therapeutic
      response during 4 yr of use of this therapy was noted with plasma cholesterol
      rising an average of 15%. A 3 mo, out-patient, follow-up study designed to
      reinforce patient motivation and dietary and drug adherence resulted in a prompt
      but partial reversal of this therapeutic deterioration in 16 patients. Additional
      inpatient studies confirmed that patient noncompliance with the dietary regimen
      was the major factor responsible for the secondary failure. Cholestyramine
      together with a low cholesterol diet can be an effective agent in familial type
      II hyperlipoproteinemia, given a comprehensive program of out-patient follow-up
      with continued emphasis on dietary principles and drug adherence.

PMID- 183086
TI  - Early discharge from hospital after surgery.

PMID- 183085
TI  - Low density lipoprotein metabolism in a family of familial hypercholesterolemic
      patients.
AB  - A low-density lipoprotein turnover study was performed on six heteroxygous
      familial hypercholesterolemic subjects and five control subjects. The diagnosis
      of the condition was clear-cut on biochemical, clinical, and genetic grounds.
      Kinetic analysis of the plasma decay curves gave the following mean values: (1)
      The plasma concentration of low density lipoprotein apoprotein (apoLDL) in the
      affected subjects was 247 mg/dl, a 2.5-fold increase over control values (98
      mg/dl). (2) The calculated fractional catabolic rate of the intravascular apoLDL
      pool in the dyslipo-proteniemics was reduced with respect to control data
      (16.4%/day versus 31.2%/day), and the half-life of the apolipoprotein was
      correspondingly increased (6.07 days versus 3.63 days). (3) The absolute
      catabolic rate of the apoLDL was 15.6 mg/kg/day in contrast to the lower value of
      11.6 mg/kg/day in the control group. (4) A strong negative correlation was
      observed between the plasma apoLDL concentration and the fractional catabolic
      rate (r = 0.96). We conclude from our data that increased apoLDL synthesis
      coupled with a defective or saturated catabolic mechanism is implicated in the
      pathogenesis of familial hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 183087
TI  - Ocular complications in longstanding leprosy patients at the Tampoi Leprosarium,
      Johore, West Malaysia.

PMID- 183088
TI  - The influence of serum concentration on lactate dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 183089
TI  - Advantages of silica gel as a medium for rapid thin-layer chromatography of
      neutral sugars.

PMID- 183090
TI  - [Morphological substrate of energy turnover].

PMID- 183091
TI  - Declining mortality and improving survival from Wilms' tumor.
AB  - Mortality from kidney cancer in the United States declined dramatically over the
      period 1940-1969. This trend was nearly proportional to the increases in survival
      for 644 U.S. children reported to the End Results Group, National Cancer
      Institute. The improvements in survival occurred for all stages of disease and
      appeared to result from therapeutic advances rather than earlier detection. Total
      incidence trends showed no consistent change, but a shift toward female
      preponderance resembled that seen in the mortality statistics and suggests sex
      differences in etiology.

PMID- 183092
TI  - Acute leukemia in Burkitt lymphoma.
AB  - Burkitt lymphoma uncommonly presents as a acute leukemia. We describe the
      clinical course and findings of a 14-year-old female with Burkitt lymphoma who
      presented with acute leukemia. splenomegaly and an abdominal mass. She responded
      initially to prednisone alone and later achieved full remission with combination
      chemotherapy. Established morphologic criteria and clinical course were
      consistent with the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma (1), although B-cell
      determinants were not present on her tumor cells.

PMID- 183093
TI  - Simultaneous determinations of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Br concentrations in human tissue
      sections.
AB  - Proton-induced x-ray fluorescence has been used to determine the concentration of
      trace elements in human prostate and liver tissue samples. Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn
      were observed in all specimens. Small amounts of Br were detected in most of the
      prostates, and in nearly half of the livers. The data indicate that the Fe
      content decreases in malignant liver tissues and the quantities of Cu and Zn are
      also decreased, but to a lesser extent.

PMID- 183094
TI  - [The Klippel-Trenaunay-Parkes-Weber syndrome. (Clinical contribution)].

PMID- 183095
TI  - Mechanism by which psychotropic drugs inhibit adenosine cyclic 3',5'
      monophosphate phosphodiesterase of brain.

PMID- 183096
TI  - Stimulation by dopamine of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate formation in rat
      caudate nucleus: effect of lesions of the nigro-neostriatal pathway.

PMID- 183097
TI  - Drug metabolism in liver tumors. Resolution of components and reconstitution of
      activity.

PMID- 183098
TI  - Interaction of spin-labeled bidquaternary ammonium ligands with
      acetylocholinesterase.

PMID- 183099
TI  - Properties and drug responsiveness of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat
      lung.

PMID- 183100
TI  - Effect of different carbon sources on the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty
      acids of alpha-linolenic acid family in culture of minimal deviation hepatoma
      7288 C cells.
AB  - The effect of three different carbon sources on the biosynthesis of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids of the alpha-linolenic acid series was investigated
      in hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells. Alpha linolenic acid was converted to
      higher homologs by a desaturating route that synthetized mainly 18:4 (delta6, 9,
      12, 15), 20:4 (delta8, 11, 14, 17) and 20:5 (delta5, 8, 11, 14, 17) and an
      elongating route that produced 20:3 (delta11, 14, 17) and 20:4 (delta5, 11, 14,
      17) acids. "Fasting" decreased both biosynthetic routes whereas glucose
      reactivated only the elongating pathway. Lactabumin hydrolysate enhanced
      significantly only the desaturating route whereas glycerol was inactive. Glucose
      and aminoacids increased similarly the incorporation of labeled alpha linolenic
      acid in the cells. The results are independent of hormonal effects.

PMID- 183101
TI  - Interaction of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and tRNA: positive and negative
      cooperativity of their active centres.
AB  - The influence of tRNA on the kinetics of PP-ATP exchange and aminoacyl-tRNA
      formation catalysed by leucyl-, phenylalanyl-, and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases
      has been investigated. These enzymes were chosen because they belong to three
      main classes of quaternary structure alpha1, alpha2beta2 and alpha2,
      respectively. The present paper shows that the investigated synthetases manifest
      kinetic cooperativity of the active centres which is negative in the case of AAA
      formation and positive in the case of leucyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthesis.
      The obtained data were interpreted with the aid of the trigger model of the
      enzyme.

PMID- 183102
TI  - [Reaction capabilities and structure of poly(rG) and poly(rG)-poly(rC) in
      solution by the method of the kinetics of hydrogen ion exchange].
AB  - Data on the kinetics of 1H greater than 3H exchange between water and C(8)H
      groups of guanylic residues in the poly(rG) and poly poly(rG)-poly(rC) are
      presented. Furthermore, optical properties (CD spectra and hyperchromism) of
      neutral solutions of these polymers from 20 to 100 degrees C are described. It is
      shown that the exchange in poly(rG) within the temperature range from 20 to 80
      degrees C proceeds faster than in rGMP. Within the temperature range from 20 to
      40 degrees C such an acceleration of the exchange is observed also in poly(rG)
      poly(rC). According to the ylide mechanism of the exchange reaction the observed
      accleration of the exchanged in in C(8)H groups of guanylic residues is
      considered as a consequence of an increase of the positive charge at N(7) atoms.
      This effect is due to formation of additional hydrogen bonds in which N(7) atoms
      take part. The exchange in poly(rG)-poly(rG) at temperatures hihger than 75
      degrees C, when these additional hydrogen bonds are absent, proceeds more slowly
      than in rGMP. Such picture is usual in other previously studied polynucleotides
      whose structure in solution is stabilized only by Watson - Crick hydrogen bonds
      and stacking interactions. The data obtained support a Guschelbauer's model of
      the four-stranded stranded poly(rG). They also indicate the posibility of
      associates formation in poly(rG)-poly(rC) solutions at temperature lower than 40
      degrees C being stabilized by hydrogen bonds in which N(7) atoms of guanylic
      residues take part.

PMID- 183104
TI  - [Kinetic manifestations of the interaction of active centers in swine skeletal
      muscle D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase].
AB  - The kinetic method and selective chemical modification have been used in studies
      of the kinetic manifestations of active site interactions in D-glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP dehydrogenase). The reactions of glyceraldehyde and
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidation were studied in the absence of substrate
      excess. In support of the data obtained previously it was shown that only a part
      of the tightly bound NAD molecules can be reduced after substrate addition.
      "Partial reducibility" is observed at various degrees of saturation of the enzyme
      with NAD involving a single NAD molecule per tetrametric enzyme. These facts can
      hardly be explained by assumption of functional non-equivalence of active sites,
      whether induced by coenzyme or preexisting in the apoenzyme. It was proven by
      selective alkylation of the catalytic SH groups that "partial reducibility" is
      due to the circumstance that equilibrium in the system under investigation is
      established at nearly equal NAD and NADH concentrations. A plot of initial
      reaction rates versus NAD concentration (at non-saturating substrate
      concentrations) gives S-shaped curves; this is explained by considerable enzyme
      activation upon saturation of the fourth site with coenzyme. After modification
      of three active sites with iodoacetate the S-shape of the curve disappeared. This
      fact leads to the conclusion that active site interactions are required for
      formation of the S-shaped curves. The activity of a single site functioning in
      the modified enzyme reached values equal to those of the active sites in the
      native enzyme in the fully activated state. A model is proposed which can
      explaine the variations in mode of enzyme activation in the native and modified
      states. It is suggested that the surroundings of all four SH groups must be
      altered in order to activate the enzyme; such changes can be induced either by
      alkylation of the SH groups or by NAD binding. Evidence is presented that
      important functional properties of GAP dehydrogenase cannot be elucidated at low
      enzyme concentrations and with excess of substrates: three active sites are
      saturated under such conditons and practically inactive, and the fourth site
      obeys Michaelis - Menten kinetics.

PMID- 183103
TI  - [Determination of the distance between spin labels and the paramagnetic center in
      spin-labeled proteins according to parameters of the saturation curves of the
      label EPR spectra at 77 degrees K].
AB  - A new method of estimation of the distance between spins of the spin-label and
      paramagnetic center is suggested. Method is based on the quantitative analys of
      saturation curve of spin-label EPR spectra at 77 degrees K. New approaches have
      been tested using haemoglobin labeled on SH-groups with various iminoxyl
      radicals. Values of the distances between labels and haem estimated from the
      saturation curve parameters and by current methods and values of distances
      estimated from X-ray data are in good agreement. In the case of rapid spin
      relaxation of he paramagnetic center, the new method allows one to determine a
      farther distance. Results of the present work make it possible to investigat by
      the spin-label technique the structure of haem-containing propeins and the
      structure of other proteins with known spin relaxation time of paramagnetic
      center.

PMID- 183105
TI  - Differential cytology in the diagnosis of astrocytary gliomas. A statistical
      study using the "t" Students-Fisher test.
AB  - The authors have used the "t" Student-Fisher test in order to verify the
      differences between two compared average values. The results show the anatomo
      clinical individuality of four main types of astrocytary gliomas; multiform
      glioblastoma, malignant astrocytoma, protoplasmatic astrocytoma, and fibrillary
      astrocytoma. The occurrence of significant quantitative differences between these
      four astrocytary gliomas indicates that the histological diagnosis must be
      differentially made, because these astrocytary neoplasias represent
      individualized anatomo-clinical entities.

PMID- 183106
TI  - [Morphological considerations on nephropathy in viral infections in children].

PMID- 183107
TI  - Relationships between the changes of some oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes in the
      kidney of irradiated rat.
AB  - Changes of succinic dehydrogenase, adenosinetriphosphatase, alkaline and acid
      phosphatase in rat kidney, during 6 months after a whole-body 800 r X-ray
      exposure were studied. Temporary but long-lasting activation of the
      histoenzymatic reactions accompanied by partly reversible diffusion of enzymes
      related to the dystrophic and restoring postirradiation renal changes were
      observed.

PMID- 183108
TI  - Radiation enhanced reactivation of herpes simplex virus: effect of caffeine.
AB  - Ultaviolet enhanced (Weigle) reactivation of UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus
      in UV-irradiated CV-1 monkey kidney cell monolayers was decreased by caffeine. X
      ray enhanced reactivation of UV-irradiated virus in X-irradiated monolayers (X
      ray reactivation) and UV- or X-ray-inactivated capacity of the cells to support
      unirradiated virus plaque formation were unaffected by caffeine. The results
      suggest that a caffeine-sensitive process is necessary for the expression of
      Weigle reactivation for herpes virus. Since cafeine did not significantly affect
      X-ray reactivation, different mechanisms may be responsible for the expression of
      Weigle reactivation and X-ray reactivation.

PMID- 183109
TI  - Infection of UV-irradiated xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts by herpes simplex
      virus: study of capacity and Weigle reactivation.
AB  - The capacity of monolayers of both normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)
      filbroblasts to support plaque formation by herpes simplex virus was decreased
      when the monolayers were ultraviolet (UV) irradiated and infected with virus.
      Fibroblasts of XP complementation groups A, B, and D were sensitive to UV, being
      4-6 fold more sensitive than either fibroblasts of XP complementation group C or
      fibroblasts from a normal individual. When the monolayers were irradiated 4 days
      prior to infection, the capacity of normal fibroblasts to support herpes virus
      growth recovered, whereas the capacity of the XP strains decreased further
      compared to that measured when infection immediately followed irradiation.
      Concurrent experiments with UV-irradiated herpes virus showed that the survival
      of this virus did not increase when infection by irradiated virus immediately
      followed irradiation of the monolayers. However, if the monolayers were
      irradiated 4 days prior to infection, the survival of this virus increased by a
      factor of nearly 2. Such Weigle reactivation (WR) occurred at lower fluences to
      the XP fibroblasts than to normal fibroblasts, suggesting that WR results from
      residual cellular DNA damage left after excision repair.

PMID- 183110
TI  - Inactivation and mutation of coliphage T4 by aliphatic nitrosamides and
      methanesulphonates: in vitro recovery of infectivity of T4 inactivated by
      isopropyl methanesulphonate.
AB  - The inactivation and mutation (to r phenotype) of extracellular coliphage T4 wild
      type by the monofunctional alkylating agents N-methyl- and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea
      and isopropyl methanesulphonate were investigated. The rate and extent of change
      in phage infectivity observed during the post-treatment period were found to
      correlate with what is known of the mechanisms by which these agents react in
      vitro. Loss of phage infectivity was found to occur during the period following
      treatment with these agents, but that resulting from treatment with isopropyl
      methanesulphonate was preceded, in the first 24 to 48 h, by a recovery of
      infectivity. This suggested that changes in phage infectivity occurring after
      treatment with monofunctional alkylating agents are resultant of various
      processes which diversely promote loss and recovery of infectivity. The
      mutagenicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea was similar to that of its ethyl homologue
      at a level of phage survival of 4 x 10-3, but less than that of isopropyl
      methanesulphonate. At a level of survival of 3 x 10-2 ethyl methanesulphonate was
      a mutagenic as its isopropyl homologue, but methyl methanesulphonate was only
      slightly if at all mutagenic. These results could not be correlated with the
      compounds' reaction mechanisms. The efficiency of isopropyl methanesulphonate
      (compared with its toxicity to phage) was found to decrease as the severity of
      the dose was increased.

PMID- 183111
TI  - Mutagenic and inactivating effects of methyl alkylaminosulfonates on Escherichia
      coli.
AB  - Methyl alkylamino methanesulfonates are mutagenic agents as shown by treating
      several strains of E. coli at pH 7. Methyl methylaminosulfonate (CH3-NH-SO3-CH3)
      was more efficient than methyl ethylaminosulfonate (C2H5-NH-SO3-CH3) which itself
      was more efficient than methyl isopropylaminosulfonate (C3H7-NH-SO3-CH3). Methyl
      methylaminosulfonate seemed to be at least as effective as methyl
      methanesulfonate (CH3-SO3-CH3). Methyl methylaminosulfonate produced a yield of
      up to 1% of auxotrophic mutants. All three new mutagens appeared to react
      according to the same mechanism by ester fission and methylation of nucleophilic
      groups as is known for methyl methanesulfonate. The reaction mechanism seems to
      be of the SN2 type.

PMID- 183112
TI  - Non-endemic Burkitts's lymphoma. A B-cell tumor related to germinal centers.
AB  - To investigate the nature of non-endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, we examined
      neoplastic cells from eight American patients for receptors for sheep
      erythrocytes (E), complement (EAC), and Fc fragment of lgG (igGEA), and for
      surface immunoglobulins (Slg) and hydrolytic enzymes. In addition, we reviewed 47
      biopsies and 17 autopsies from American patients to ascertain patterns of
      involvement by tumor in lymph nodes, spleens and Peyer's patches. Neoplastic
      cells in all cases studies bore monoclonal surface immunoglobulins of the igM
      class. Receptors for EAC and igGEA were identified on a minority of the cells.
      Little or no hydrolytic enzyme activity was demonstrable. These results indicate
      that, like Burkitt's lymphoma in Africans, this histologically identical tumor in
      American patients consists of B lymphocytes. In 10 biopsies and two autopsies,
      germinal centers were selectively involved by tumor, suggesting that these
      neoplastic cells may be related to some B lymphocytes of normal germinal centers.

PMID- 183113
TI  - Distribution of antibody to hepatitis a antigen in urban adult populations.
AB  - To investigate the prevalence and distribution of antibody to hepatitis A antigen
      we tested 947 randomly selected people in the Greater New York City area; 45 per
      cent were antigen positive, as determined by the immune adherence method.
      Antibody was detected two to three times more frequently in lower social classes
      (72 to 80 per cent) than in middle and upper-middle classes (18 to 30 per cent).
      The rate of antibody detection was strongly correlated with age; the prevalence
      gradually increased throughout adulthood and reached its peak level in people 50
      years of age and older. Those with serologic evidence of past exposure to
      hepatitis B virus were significantly more often antibody positive than those
      without such evidence (61 vs. 40 per cent; P less than 0.001). Very few of the
      positive subjects had had hepatitis. The prevalence of this antibody varies among
      different population groups, increases with age, decreases with rise in
      socioeconomic status, is independent on sex and race, and correlates with
      serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus infections.

PMID- 183114
TI  - Letter: Unusual fibrillary inclusions in neutrophils of human renal allografts.

PMID- 183115
TI  - Self-tolerance and autoimmunity in the thyroid.

PMID- 183117
TI  - Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in oxygen damage.

PMID- 183116
TI  - Erythrocyte pyridoxine kinase levels in patients with sideroblastic anemia.

PMID- 183118
TI  - Lack of correlation between hormonal effects on cyclic AMP and glycogenolysis in
      rat liver.

PMID- 183119
TI  - Enzymic reconstitution of photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Pentose phosphate
      dependent O evolution by illuminated envelope-free chloroplasts from Spinacia
      oleracea.

PMID- 183120
TI  - Glycolytic enzyme activities in murine sarcoma virus-transformed cultures of Balb
      3T3. The role of culture density.

PMID- 183122
TI  - Reverse direction substrate kinetics and inhibition studies on the first enzyme
      of histidine biosynthesis, adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase.

PMID- 183121
TI  - Biosynthetic direction substrate kinetics and product inhibition studies on the
      first enzyme of histidine biosynthesis, adenosine triphosphate
      phosphoribosyltransferase.

PMID- 183123
TI  - Characterization of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases with multiple separation
      techniques.

PMID- 183124
TI  - Stimulation of cerebral histamine H2 receptors by clonidine.

PMID- 183125
TI  - Synaptic vesicle cytochemistry changes when cultured sympathetic neurones develop
      cholinergic interactions.

PMID- 183126
TI  - Enkephalin and opiate narcotics increase cyclic GMP accumulation in slices of rat
      neostriatum.

PMID- 183127
TI  - Inactivation of parathyroid hormone mRNA by treatment with periodate and aniline.

PMID- 183128
TI  - Intracellular messenger role of cyclic GMP in exocrine pancreas.

PMID- 183129
TI  - Role of oestrogen receptor in androgen-induced sexual differentiation of the
      brain.

PMID- 183130
TI  - Human cytomegalovirus infection of WI-38 cells stimulates mitochondrial DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 183131
TI  - Reactions involving singlet oxygen and the superoxide anion.

PMID- 183132
TI  - Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP may play opposing roles in influencing force of
      contraction in mammalian myocardium.

PMID- 183133
TI  - Opposing effects of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP on protein phosphorylation in
      tubulin preparations.

PMID- 183134
TI  - Cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphorylation of intestinal epithelium proteins.

PMID- 183135
TI  - In vitro inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase by cortisol.

PMID- 183136
TI  - Reduction of quantum contents of synaptic potentials after postsynaptic axotomy.

PMID- 183137
TI  - X-ray titration of binding of beta, gamma-imido-ATP to myosin in insect flight
      muscle.

PMID- 183138
TI  - Sensitivity of H-2-less target cells and role of H-2 in T-cell-mediated
      cytolysis.

PMID- 183139
TI  - Immune destruction of virus-infected cells early in the infectious cycle.

PMID- 183140
TI  - Increased ornithine decarboxylase activity in murine sarcoma virus infected
      cells.

PMID- 183141
TI  - Lead competitively inhibits calcium-dependent synaptic transmission in the
      bullfrog sympathetic ganglion.

PMID- 183142
TI  - Cell differentiation without morphogenesis in Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 183143
TI  - Letter: Molecular structure of NAD.

PMID- 183144
TI  - Progesterone may act at hypothalamus and pituitary by way of enhancement of
      oestrogen retention.

PMID- 183145
TI  - Increase of glucagon receptors in hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 183146
TI  - Prostaglandin mediation of collagenase-induced bone resorption.

PMID- 183147
TI  - Absolute sensitivity of rod bipolar cells in a dark-adapted retina.

PMID- 183148
TI  - Prevention of the contagious spread of feline leukaemia virus and the development
      of leukaemia in pet cats.

PMID- 183149
TI  - Transformation of human lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus is inhibited by
      phosphonoacetic acid.

PMID- 183150
TI  - A possible common mechanism of action of antidepressant treatments: reduction in
      the sensitivity of the noradrenergic cyclic AMP gererating system in the rat
      limbic forebrain.
AB  - The response of the noNEpinephrine (NE) sensitive cyclic AMP generating system in
      slices of the rat limbic forebrain after both the acute and chronic
      administration of the tricyclic antidepressants desipramine (DMI) and iprindole
      as well as electro-convulsive treatment (ECT) was investigated. Neither the basal
      level of cyclic AMP nor the hormonal response to NE were altered after
      administration of a single dose of short term treatment with DMI and iprindole.
      However, the administration of the antidepressants on a clinically more relevant
      time basis markedly reduced the sensitivity of the cyclic AMP generating system
      to NE. This change in sensitivity was not related to the levels of the drugs in
      brain. The response of cyclic AMP to NE was also reduced by ECT, but the onset of
      this action was shorter than that observed with the antidepressants. ECT also
      antagonized the enhanced response of cyclic AMP to NE following destruction of
      central adrenergic nerve terminals with 6-hydroxydopamine. It thus appears that
      the therapeutic action of tricyclic antidepressants could be related to
      postsynaptic adaptive changes in the sensitivity of the noradrenergic adenylate
      cyclase receptor system rather than to acute presynaptic events.

PMID- 183152
TI  - Antagonistic effects against single lethal doses of Amanita phalloides.
AB  - Agents with antagonistic effects against phalloidin or alpha-amanitin were tested
      in mice against lethal doses of an extract from the whole mushroom Amanita
      phalloides. The following categories of agents reduced lethality after the
      extract. First, agents protecting only against phalloidin such as rifampicin,
      phenylbutazone and antamanide. Second, silymarin and prednisolone which display
      both antiamatoxic and marked (silymarin) or moderate (prednisolone) anti
      phallotoxic acitivty. Thioctic acid displayed some activity when tested against
      mid-lethal doses of the extract. Cytochrome c, a chemical with curative potencies
      against alpha-amanitin did not reduce the lethality of the exact. All of the
      effective agents acted only when applied prior to the poisoning. The pattern or
      protective activity would indicate that in mice death after single doses of
      Amanita phalloides may follow a qualitatively particular couse which is difficult
      to ascribe to phallo- or amatoxic effects alone.

PMID- 183153
TI  - Inhibition by polyhalogenated hydrocarbons (PHHC) of ATPases in plasma membranes
      of parenchymal liver cells.
AB  - Suspensions of freshly prepared plasma membranes from rat livers were
      equilibrated with defined mixtures of air with polyhalogenated hydro-carbons
      (PHHC) at 37 degrees C. During the exposition enzymatic degradation of ATP was
      inhibited by carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and halothane in a dose-dependent
      manner. On a molar basis carbon tetrachloride was 5 times more effective than
      chloroform and halothane. The inhibition was partially reversible.
      Diethyldithiocarbamate, an agent protecting animals against carbon tetrachloride,
      was ineffective in this assay.

PMID- 183151
TI  - Possible role of cyclic AMP in the relaxation process of mammalian heart: effects
      of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and theophylline on potassium contractures in cat
      papillary muscles.
AB  - The effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DB-c-AMP; 3 X 10(-4)-3 X 10(-3) M) on
      electrically induced twitch and high potassium (142.4 mM KCl)-induced contracture
      tension was studied in papillary muscles from normal and reserpinized cats ([Ca]0
      1.8 mM; 25 degrees C; pH 7.4). In both groups of preparations, the increase in
      twitch tension evoked by DB-c-AMP was accompanied by an abbreviation of the time
      to peak force and of relaxation time. In the same preparations, the high
      potassium contracture was markedly depressed by DB-c-AMP in a concentration
      dependent manner. Similar results were obtained with the N6-monobutyryl
      derivative of cyclic AMP. The relaxing effects of the cyclic nucleotides on KCl
      contractures did not appear to be due to possible non-cyclic breakdown products:
      adenosine, 5'-AMP and sodium butyrate did not attenuate contracture tension at
      concentrations up to 3 X 10(-3) M. The same applies to ATP and non-cyclic N6-2'-0
      3'-0-tributyryl-adenosine-monophosphate. Theophylline (10(-2) M) was found to
      prolong the relaxation time of the twitch and to enhance the high KCl
      contracture. It is concluded that cyclic AMP may be capable of modulating the
      relaxation process  of mammalian heart and that not only the positive inotropic
      but also the relaxant effects of catecholamines on myocardium described before
      may be mediated by the cyclic AMP system. The relaxant effects of cyclic AMP
      derivatives on intact myocardial preparations are attributed to a stimulation by
      cyclic AMP of the calcium transport of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and are
      interpreted to be a corollary to the effects of cyclic AMP previously obtained on
      isolated SR preparations.

PMID- 183154
TI  - Effects of adenosine on adrenergic neurotransmission; prejunctional inhibition
      and postjunctional enhancement.
AB  - The action of adenosine on adrenergic neuroeffector transmission was studied in
      the rabbit kidney in vitro and in situ, in the canine subcutaneous adipose tissue
      in situ and in the guinea pig vas deferens in vitro. In the kidney, adenosine
      (0.1-10 muM) caused a concentration-dependent increase in vascular resistance and
      in vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation and administered noradrenaline.
      In the adipose tissue, adenosine also increased the vaso-constrictor responses
      but it decreased vascular resistance. In all three tissues studied adenosine
      significantly and reversibly depressed noradrenaline release evoked by nerve
      stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect of adenosine was not
      altered by phenoxybenzamine which blocked all vasoconstrictor responses and
      diminished the rise in vascular resistance by adenosine in the kidney. It is
      concluded that adenosine affects adrenergic neuroeffector transmission by two
      discrete mechanisms, prejunctional inhibition and postjunctional enhancement.

PMID- 183156
TI  - Immunodiffusion analysis of the antigenic structure of the transplantable MC 29
      tumor.
AB  - By the use of specific anti-chicken liver sera it could be proved with
      immunodiffusion techniques that the transplantable MC 29 tumor line contains
      liver-specific antigens. Production of chicken serum-proteins by the tumor could
      also be demonstrated. Thus, the transplantable MC 29 tumor line can be regarded
      as a hepatoma.

PMID- 183155
TI  - Differentiation of intestinal smooth muscle relaxation caused by drugs that
      inhibit phosphodiesterase.
AB  - In this study a number of chemically unrelated smooth muscle relaxants were
      tested: a) for potency of phosphodiesterase (PDE)-inhibition, using guinea pig
      colon-PDE and rat erythrocyte-PDE, b) for potency and duration of relaxation of
      the isolated guinea-pig colon, c) for their interaction with NH4Cl and
      orciprenaline as well as with "high calcium". Compared with the spasmolytic
      effect inhibition of guinea pig colon-PDE or rat erythrocyte-PDE was strong for
      papaverine and some other relaxants but was low or virtually absent with
      verapamil, hexobendine and bencyclane. The spasmolytic effect of some PDE
      inhibitors was found diminished by the PDE-activator NH4Cl. Most of these drugs
      enhanced the relaxant effect of the "cyclase activator" orciprenaline; the latter
      are designated A-type drugs. Verapamil, bencyclane, hexobendine and M 13 did not
      show this type of interaction with NH4Cl and orciprenaline; they are designated B
      type drugs. With A-type drugs--but not with B-type drugs--a highly significant
      correlation was observed between potency of relaxation and inhibition of colon
      PDE (r = 0.85) as well as rat erythrocyte-PDE (r = 0.77). The spasmolytic action
      of aminophylline and papaverine (A-type drugs) was not inhibited by elevation of
      extracellular calcium to 9 mM, whereas relaxation induced by verapamil and
      hexobendine (B-type drugs) at 1.8 mM calcium was found abolished by 9 mM calcium.
      It is concluded that A-type drugs relax guinea-pig colon by inhibition of PDE and
      accumulation of cAMP, and that B-type drugs in all probability act by (a) cAMP
      independent mechanism(s).

PMID- 183157
TI  - Transplantability and biological behavior of a rapidly growing secondary Morris
      hepatoma.
AB  - Transplantable hepatomas have a special importance in cancer research because
      most are well-differentiated and grow at widely differing rates. A simple and
      reproducible technique was developed to transplant the rapidly growing Morris
      hepatoma 9618A2 from a subcutaneous to an intrahepatic site. The tumor has been
      maintained for over 80 successive transplant generations by inoculating Buffalo
      rats subcutaneously. The hepatoma, transplanted many times from the subcutaneous
      site to the liver, was examined histologically on various occasions. By varying
      inoculum size, growth of the hepatocarcinoma could be controlled. Throughout
      transplantation, the donor animals were bled without causing the death of the
      animal. Histological studies revealed that the tumor, when transplanted
      intrahepatically, remains a highly differentiated neoplasm with no observable
      morphological changes.

PMID- 183158
TI  - [Immunosuppressive therapy of myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 183159
TI  - [Division of neuroimmunologic diseases. Foundation, principles, and
      classification].

PMID- 183160
TI  - [Significance of innervation abnormalities in the assessment of the peripheral
      nerve lesions].

PMID- 183161
TI  - [Editorial: Role of viral infection in the etiology of demyelinating diseases].

PMID- 183162
TI  - [Serum lipids in Down's syndrome].
AB  - In 28 patients with Down syndrome and in 28 controls matched for age and sex
      serum lipoproteins and their main lipid constituents were determined. Both groups
      comprised subjects living in the same institutions for mentally retarded No
      significant differences were found between the two groups in total serum lipids,
      triglycerides, total cholesterol and phospholipid levels and in the proportion of
      esterified cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins. No characteristic pattern of alpha
      and beta lipoproteins could be observed in patients with Down syndrome by means
      of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. Alanine aminotransferase activity was
      significantly higher in the group of patients.

PMID- 183163
TI  - [Myoclonic-static epilepsy (Lennox-Gastault syndrome)].

PMID- 183164
TI  - Adrenocortical responses of rats to acute hypoxic and hypercapnic stresses after
      treatment with aminergic agents.
AB  - Monoaminergic influences on the regulation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      adrenocortical (HHA) system during acute stresses (hypoxia and hypercapnia) were
      investigated in male rats. Plasma corticosterone levels were used to assess HHA
      activity, and the alterations in monoaminergic activity were induced by
      pretreating the animals with various pharmacologic agents (reserpine, alpha MT,
      FLA-63, pCPA, L-Dopa, pargyline, Lilly 110140, phentolamine and propranolol).
      Dexamethasone-treated rats were utilized to assess the site at which these
      monoaminergic substances acted. The latter experiments showed that these agents
      did not have a marked effect directly on the adrenal cortex and thus the site(s)
      of action was at the level of the anterior pituitary and/or above. Altering the
      serotoninergic system did not appreciably influence the HHA response to hypoxia
      and hypercapnia, whereas increasing the activity of the adrenergic system
      partially prevented the rise usually observed in plasma corticosterone levels
      during these stresses. These data suggest that different aminergic pathways may
      be utilized for different stresses.

PMID- 183165
TI  - Injection of melatonin into cisterna magna increases concentration of 3', 5'
      cyclic guanosine monophosphate in cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Rabbits were anesthetized with urethane and were given intracisternal injections
      of the following substances: adrenocorticotropin, beta-melanocyte stimulating
      hormone, choroid plexus peptide IIF, epinephrine, serotonin, histamine, oxytocin,
      lysine and a arginine vasopressins, acetylcholine and melatonin. The effects on
      the concentration of 3', 5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in
      cerebrospinal fluid were then measured. Only melatonin and acetylcholine caused a
      significant (p less than 0.05) effect on cGMP concentration. Both agents
      increased the nucleotide's concentration within 30 min. Melatonin was about 1,000
      times more potent than acetylcholine; the mininal effective doses were 1 mug and
      1,000 mug, respectively.

PMID- 183166
TI  - Sleep EEG and motor activity as indicators in affective states.
AB  - This report reviews a number of studies which support our current classification
      schema for affective disorders. This classification differentiates between an
      anxious-hyperactive type and an anergic-hypoactive type which are then further
      subdivided into primary and secondary affective disorders. While the motor and
      activity measurements are for the most part limited to patients suffering from
      primary affective disease, current studies under way indicate that secondary
      affective disorders may also have characteristic biologic changes. EEG sleep and
      motor activity parameters provide useful pointers for differential diagnosis and
      treatment while having the added advantage of diminishing the clinician's almost
      exclusive dependency on amnestic data and the psychological observations made on
      the patient's behavior.

PMID- 183168
TI  - "Giant axonal neuropathy" caused by industrial chemicals: neurofilamentous axonal
      masses in man.
AB  - Symmetrical polyneuropathy developed in two patients after they had been in
      contact with acrylamide and methyl n-butyl ketone, respectively. In sural nerve
      biopsy material from both patients, electron microscopy showed frequent focal
      axonal swellings containing masses of neurofilaments. Some axons undergoing
      axonal degeneration also were seen. These morphologic features are identical to
      those produced in experimental animals after exposure to these chemicals and are
      similar to those found in n-hexane neuropathy and in the three reported cases of
      giant axonal neuropathy. Sural nerve biopsy is an important diagnostic test in
      identifying cases of peripheral neuropathy caused by these chemicals.

PMID- 183167
TI  - The effect of ACTH treatment on lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with
      myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Blood lymphocytes were collected before, at various times during treatment and
      after treatment with ACTH in patients with myasthenia gravis. The relative
      proportions of thymus-derived (T cells) and bursa-derived (B cells) lymphocytes
      were determined. Eight of nine patients had a relative increase in B cells,
      whereas T cells showed a relative decrease. Myasthenic symptoms in these eight
      patients also were relieved. One patient who was not thymectomized showed
      virtually no relief in symptoms nor any changes in the relative T and B cell
      proportions or numbers, indicating a close association between the disease and
      the thymus-derived immune system.

PMID- 183169
TI  - Hereditary sensory neuropathy and tonic pupils.
AB  - The clinical features of two siblings with both hereditary sensory neuropathy and
      bilateral tonic pupils are described. Other neurologic disorders associated with
      tonic pupils are reviewed. Our patients appear to represent a unique instance of
      the association of disorders that primarily affect the ciliary and dorsal root
      ganglia.

PMID- 183170
TI  - The childhood type of dermatomyositis.
AB  - The childhood type fo dermatomyositis, which occurs in children and young adults,
      shows a specific constellation of pathologic changes in muscle. Capillary
      necrosis leads to capillary loss, generally starting on the periphery of muscle
      fascicles. Electron microscopy discloses undulating tubules in endothelial cells,
      lymphocytes, pericytes, and pseudosatellite cells. The muscle fiber damage is
      coextensive with capillary damage and probably results from progressive ischemia.
      The muscle cells, before atrophying, show mitochondrial elongation, Z disk
      streaming, focal myofibrillary loss, and occassionally selective thick filament
      loss. Muscle cell necrosis is rare and limited to infarctlike lesions.
      Inflammatory infiltrates, if present, occur only in connective tissue septa. The
      cause of the capillary damage has not been determined.

PMID- 183171
TI  - Peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy of early childhood, simulating Werdnig
      Hoffmann disease.
AB  - A five-year-old girl developed neurogenic muscular atrophy during infancy. On the
      basis of clinical findings and a muscle biopsy study a diagnosis of infantile
      spinal muscular atrophy, benign type II, was entertained. As the disease
      progressed, involvement of sensory pathways was detected by electrophysiological
      studies. Examination of a sural nerve specimen suggested a chronic polyneuropathy
      rather than spinal muscular atrophy. These findings were confirmed at autopsy by
      demonstrating severe loss of myelinated axons in ventral and dorsal spinal roots,
      peripheral nerves and dorsal columns of the spinal cord. In addition, islands of
      astroglial fibers were found in ventral and dorsal spinal roots, regarded as a
      secondary reaction to the breakdown of myelinated axons. This unusual scarring
      process seems to result from nerve fiber loss during the perinatal period, since
      radicular glial scar tissue is not known to occur in the spinal muscular
      atrophies of later onset. Examination of the sensory nervous system in patients
      with Werdnig-Hoffmann disease appears mandatory to clarify the precise disease
      entity leading to infantile neurogenic muscular atrophy.

PMID- 183172
TI  - The diagnosis of infantile generalized ceroidlipofuscinosis (type Hagberg
      Santavuori) using skin biopsy.
AB  - Skin biopsies were performed in two cases of infantile generalized
      ceroidlipofuscinosis. In the first case the biopsy was done at the age of 8 years
      and the diagnosis was confirmed shortly thereafter by a postmortem examination.
      In the second case, the biopsy was performed much earlier (27 months) at a time
      when the diagnosis was not suspected; it was subsequently confirmed by similar
      findings in a neuro-muscular biopsy. In both cases, numerous cytoplasmic
      inclusions with granular osmiophilic deposits were present in epidermal cells,
      eccrine sweat glands, smooth muscle cells, nurve fascicles, fibroblasts and
      vascular elements while none were found in age-matched controls. As already
      stressed by Anzil et al. (1975), the morphology of the inclusions can be
      heterogeneous and linear profiles were often observed, mainly in the cytosomes
      present in the vascular cells. We feel confident that a diagnosis of infantile
      generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis can be made by skin biopsy obviating therefore
      the need for other surgical procedures.

PMID- 183173
TI  - [Generalized infantile neuroaxonal dystrophies with pigmentation and
      lipophanerosis of the pallidum in concordant twins (author's transl)].
AB  - Monozygotic male twins died at the age of 6 1/2 and 7 1/2 years respectively
      after a progressive course of mental deterioration, hypotonia, spasticity, optic
      atrophy and seizures that had commenced at the age of 2 years. Both patients
      showed generalized neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD), marked by numerous spheroids,
      iron-positive pigment and lipophanerosis of the pallidum. NAD can be classified
      as a generalized form without pigmentation of the pallidum (infantile type of
      Seitelberger), a juvenile type of Rozdilsky, a generalized form with pigmentation
      (cases described here), and localized forms (infantile, late infantile, juvenile
      = classic Hallervorden-Spatz disease, adult types).

PMID- 183174
TI  - Effect of reticuloendothelial stimulators on the tissue changes and evolution of
      experimental atheroma in rabbits.
AB  - Administration of histamine phosphate or glycerol trioleate (RE stimulators) to
      cholesterol-fed rabbits induced identical pattern of changes in cholesterol,
      phospholipid and triglyceride levels of the blood. However, the incidence of
      atheroma index in aorta and coronary arteries were significantly higher in
      histamine-treated and glycerol-trioleate-treated animals compared to cholesterol
      fed controls. The rise in these indices appeared to be only partly related to
      increase in serum beta-lipoproteins but mostly due to increased permeability of
      the endothelium and internal elastic lamina probably caused by histamine
      phosphate and glycerol trioleate resulted in greater degree of atheromatous
      lesions in those groups.

PMID- 183176
TI  - Herpetiform ulceration.
AB  - The rationale for the clinical existence of a less commonly found form of
      recurrent oral ulceration, herpetiform ulceration (HFU), is presented,
      illustrated by six clinical cases. The clinical and laboratory features that
      separate it from recurrent herpetic ulceration (RHU) and recurrent minor aphthous
      ulceration (RHU) are discussed. Although a viral cause has been proposed for the
      condition, based on the finding of intranuclear bodies, electron microscopic and
      other laboratory investigations by the authors indicate that there is
      insufficient evidence at present to confirm this. Since HFU does have a
      significant number  of histologic and immunologic features in common with
      recurrent apthous ulceration, it is thought that it should be considered to be a
      variant of this condition until the true cause of it is revealed.

PMID- 183175
TI  - Molecular biology and oral contraception.
AB  - Recent developments in knowledge of sex hormone receptors and steroid analogue
      metabolism allow a rational selection of oral contraceptive steroids from among
      the numerous available products. Dose related metabolic effects of synthetic
      estrogens have been demonstrated. Many of these estrogenic actions are
      antagonised by norgestrel but not by any other commercially available
      progestogen. Generalised activation of lysosomal enzymes can be demonstrated in
      oral contraceptive users and is shown to be related to the total steroid dose per
      cycle, rather than to particular products. These findings suggest that the lowest
      dose combination of ethynylestradiol and d-norgestrel is the product of choice.
      Clinical results with such a product are described.

PMID- 183177
TI  - Clinical and ultrastructural study of Burkitt-like leukaemia.
AB  - Six patients, two with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.) and four with
      lymphosarcoma with early transformation into A.L.L., have been studied. All blast
      cells demonstrated with cytological, cytochemical and ultrastructural features of
      Burkitt's tumour. The clinical evolution was fulminant and there was no remission
      of long duration despite intensive chemotherapy. The cytoplasm of the blast-cells
      displayed a great number of lipid droplets. The level of the anticapsid Epstein
      Barr virus antibodies was high in the case investigated.

PMID- 183178
TI  - Studies of anabolic steroids: v. effect of prolonged oxandrolone administration
      on growth in children and adolescents with uncomplicated short stature.
AB  - A total of 130 patients with uncomplicated short stature (4 to 17 years of age)
      were treated with oxandrolone, 0.25 mg/kg/day, for up to four years. Oxandrolone
      therapy resulted in a two-fold increase in mean growth velocity in the first six
      months of therapy and was an effective growth stimulant for the full four-year
      period. There was no overall adverse effect of oxandrolone on post-treatment mean
      growth velocity or on skeletal maturation relative to height gain. There were 37
      patients with greater increase in height age than bone age and 22 patients with
      greater increase in bone age than height age. Assessment of the contribution of
      oxandrolone therapy to the latter group is difficult because of inadequate
      methodology and the wide variation in individual growth patterns. Taken in their
      entirety, the data suggest that oxandrolone is useful in the prolonged treatment
      of uncomplicated short stature and is not associated with undesirable
      acceleration of skeletal maturation.

PMID- 183179
TI  - Eye color and responsiveness to arousing stimuli.
AB  - The hypothesis was advanced that dark-eyed subjects are more responsive to
      arousing stimuli than light-eyed subjects. 40 subjects listened to neutral and
      arousing auditory stimuli and viewed scenes which were neutral, violent, or
      sexual in nature. The dependent measure of arousal was a score derived from a
      combination of physiological responses recorded on a polygraph. Scores were
      significantly higher for dark-eyed than light-eyed subjects. Significant sex
      differences were also found, females having higher scores than males.
      Implications for future research and application were discussed.

PMID- 183180
TI  - Disappearance of insulin response after enzymatic treatment of sodium
      transporting amphibian epithelia.
AB  - Amphibian epithelia specialized in trans-cellular sodium transport lose their
      capacity to react to insulin by a stimulation of this process upon treatment with
      collagenase; baseline activity and responsiveness to other hormones (vasopressin,
      aldosterone) bringing about such a stimulation are preserved. This renders it
      likely that proteases contaminating most collagenase preparations exert a
      detrimental effect on the receptors held responsible for interaction between
      insulin and its target cells in the tissues examined.

PMID- 183181
TI  - Effects of glutamate, aspartate, and two-presumed antagonists on feline
      rubrospinal neurones.
AB  - The actions of dicarboxyl amino acids (GLUT, ASP, DLH) and of presumed amino acid
      antagonists (GDEE, HA 966) were studied in rubrospinal neurones with
      microelectrophoretic techniques. ASP and GLUT depolarized reversibly the cell
      membrane and increased its conductance. ASP had slightly stronger actions than
      GLUT. DLH had strong depolarizing actions without a clearcut change in membrane
      conductance; this may be due to the fact that DLH effects do not involve synaptic
      receptors. A specific action as antagonists for GLUT could not be shown for GDEE
      or HA 966. HA 966 effects were often accompanied by apparent postsynaptic
      actions. GDEE antagonized DLH effects sometimes even stronger than GLUT effects.
      The effects of GLUT and ASP are in principal agreement with a function as
      excitatory transmitters. The demonstration of a role as transmitter substances in
      excitatory (e.g. corticorubral or interpositorubral) pathways, however, still
      awaits the specific pharmacological antagonist.

PMID- 183182
TI  - [The influence of infectious bronchitis virus on egg production, fertility,
      hatchability and mortality rate in chickens (author's transl)].
AB  - In 35 flocks comprising almost 100,000 White Plymouth Rock birds producing
      hatching eggs, infectious bronchitis (IB) caused a decline in production which
      appeared to be connected with the age of the birds, when the outbreak started
      (table I). In outbreaks of IB in pullets 3-4 weeks before they are ready to lay
      there is a considerable risk of delay of production and a generally too low yield
      (fig 1). Egg laying birds, 25-34 weeks of age, suffered a drop in production from
      20-80% (on an average 40%) and normal yield was never regained. After 6-8 weeks
      the production rate usually stabilizes around 6-12% below normal production. IB
      outbreaks in the middle of the production period (35-45 weeks) resulted in a
      decline of egg production of 40-90% (on an average 55%). Recovery of production
      usually occurred after 6-8 weeks (fig. 2). Observations of clinically typical
      outbreaks without any laboratory verification indicate that IB outbreaks at the
      end of the egg production period resulted in irreparable decline of production.
      Marked alterations in exterior and interior quality of the egg have been
      observed. Both mishapen appearance, rough and thin shell, bleached shell color
      and watery albumen have occurred. These facts did sometimes cause transient
      increased "sorting out" of haching eggs. Also fertility rate was noticed to be
      affected temporarily during and after an attack of IB. In 17 flocks drops of 1.7
      22.4% (on an average 7.4%) were registered (fig. 3). Also hatchability decreased
      3.0-43.8% (on an average 13.7%) (fig. 4). In most of the registered outbreaks of
      IB the weekly mortality remained below 1%, but in single cases the figure could
      rise up to about 4% (fig. 5), most often in flocks where complicating factors
      such as secondary infections caused by E. coli or M. gallisepticum were present.

PMID- 183183
TI  - [Necrotizing enteritis and geophagia].
AB  - Two cases of intestinal perforation due to necrotising enteritis in patients with
      pica are presented. The aetiopathogenesis of pica is discussed as well as its
      role in the development of necrotising enteritis.

PMID- 183184
TI  - Distribution of estrogen receptors in subfractions of hen oviduct chromatin.
AB  - Hen oviduct chromatin was digested with DNase II and separated into two
      fractions. The MgCl2 insoluble chromatin fraction (43% of the total DNA) was
      enriched in nucleosome-like particles, which sedimented at 11 S and contained 185
      base pairs of DNA. The MgCl2 soluble chromatin fraction (5% of the total DNA) was
      characterized by 5 S and 14 S peaks in sucrose gradients; Estrogen receptors in
      the chromatin fractions were labelled with [3H] estradiol using the steroid
      exchange assay. The concentration of receptors in the  MgCl2 soluble chromatin
      was 4;5 times higher than that in the MgCl2 insoluble chromatinmin sucrose
      gradient analysis the 11 S particles displayed a negligible specific
      radioactivity suggesting that estrogen receptors mainly bind to extranucleosomal
      chromatin.

PMID- 183185
TI  - Effect of treatment in vivo with N,N-dimethylnitrosamine or methyl
      methanesulphonate on the cytoplasmic DNA polymerase of regenerating rat liver.
AB  - A 10-16 fold increase in rat liver cytoplasmic DNA polymerase (DNA polymerase
      alpha) was observed by 24 hrs after two thirds partial hepatectomy. Injection of
      either N,N-dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) At 6 or 12
      hrs after partial hepatectomy completely inhibited this increased production of
      polymerase, but when given at 20 hours they had less effect. Neither compound
      altered the molecular size distribution of the enzyme. These data indicate that
      the lowered levels of DNA polymerase-alpha could play a major role in the
      reduction in DNA synthesis which occurs after carcinogen treatment.

PMID- 183186
TI  - Joining of ribooligonucleotides with T4 RNA ligase and identification of the
      oligonucleotide-adenylate intermediate.
AB  - T4 RNA ligase was found to join A-A-A-A-A-A and 32pU-U-U-U in the presence of ATP
      as cofactor. In this reaction the pyrophosphate of pU-U-U-U and pA was isolated
      by chromatography on a RPC-5 column, besides the joined product and the starting
      materials. This pyrophosphate was shown to be an intermediate in the joining
      reaction because of the fact that coupling with A-A-A-A-A-A to give the
      decanucleotide could be performed in the absence of ATP. The structure of the
      oligonucleotide-adenylate was determined by enzymatic digestion with base
      nonspecific nuclease and venom phosphodiesterase. Futher evidence for the
      proposed structure was obtained by isolation of the intermediate obtained  by
      using pU-U-U-U and [alpha-32p]ATP. This pyrophosphate gave pA and pU by treatment
      with venom phosphodiesterase. Several other joining reactions between various
      purine- and pyrimidine ribooligonucleotides to 5'-phosphorylated
      ribooligonucleotides are discussed.

PMID- 183187
TI  - Comprehensive care of the ileostomy patient.
AB  - Comprehensive care of the person with an ileostomy is an integral part of
      professional nursing. It is the responsibility of professional nurses to be
      knowledgeable and skilled in ileostomy patient care. This article has presented
      basic issues to be considered in facilitating the rehabilitation of the person
      with an ileostomy. Perhaps the most important factor to be considered is that the
      process of rehabilitation must begin at the first encounter with the person
      undergoing ileostomy surgery, must extend beyond the period of hospitalization,
      and must reach into the person's home and community.

PMID- 183189
TI  - Community care - fact or fiction?

PMID- 183188
TI  - Nursing care study: miliary tuberculosis.

PMID- 183190
TI  - Nursing care study: community care.

PMID- 183191
TI  - Effect of dehydration of the cornea with experimentally induced ulcer on
      collagenase activity.
AB  - In the course of healing of experimental ulcer one could observe a distinct
      difference between a cornea, subjected to the action of glycerol and a control
      one. The damage to the chemical structure of collagenous fibers was much smaller
      than in the control. On the basis of the investigations performed one may
      conclude that glycerol, through dehydration of the corneal tissue and stimulation
      of mucopolysaccharide synthesis, suppresses the activity of collagenase. In
      polarized light this process was manifested by the double refraction phenomenon
      and in clinical observation--by an accelerated healing of ulcer.

PMID- 183193
TI  - [Role of blood platelets in hemostasis].

PMID- 183192
TI  - Histiocytoma; histiocytoma proliferans; histiocytoma malignum: (clinical and
      morphological observations).
AB  - In a group of 112 cases of histiocytic neoplasms treated 1960--1973 103 benign
      tumors (histiocytoma), 3 semimalignant tumors (histiocytoma proliferans), and 6
      malignant ones (histiocytoma malignum) were diagnosed. Clinical and morphological
      examinations indicate that under the influence of stimuli histiocytoma may
      undergo a biological transformation developing into less mature forms such as
      histiocytoma proliferans and histiocytoma malignum. The treatment of malignant
      tumors consisted in their removal together with a wide margin or adjacent
      tissues. In 2 cases enlarged lymph nodes were removed but no metastases were
      found. In one case death occurred 3 years after operation as a result of distant
      metastases.

PMID- 183194
TI  - Further developments in the study of 3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate in
      relation to psychiatric illness.

PMID- 183196
TI  - Myasthenia gravis and breast carcinoma--a case report.

PMID- 183195
TI  - Osteomalacia associated with increased renal tubular resorption of phosphate
      (hypohyperparathyroidism).

PMID- 183197
TI  - Biochemical effects of ergot alkaloids with special reference to the brain.

PMID- 183198
TI  - An ergot derivative in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 183199
TI  - [Klippel-trenaunay-weber syndrome with giant cysts in the lung (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 183200
TI  - [Granular cell tumour (myoblastoma of the Bronchial tree (author's transl)].

PMID- 183201
TI  - [Glucocorticoid and androgenic functions of the adrenal cortex in adolescents
      with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs].

PMID- 183202
TI  - Long-term function of cadaver kidneys perfused with a plasminogen-fibrinogen free
      plasma perfusate.

PMID- 183203
TI  - Regulation of active alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport expressed in membrane
      vesicles from mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - Membrane vesicles isolated from untransformed Balb/c and Swiss mouse fibroblasts
      and from those transformed by simian virus 40 catalyzed carrier-mediated uptake
      of L-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. Concentrative uptake required the presence of a
      Na+ gradient (external Na+ greater than internal Na+) and occurred independently
      of endogenous (Na+ + K+) ATPase activity. This process is electrogenic, since
      uptake was stimulated by a K+ diffusion gradient (internal greater external) in
      the presence of valinomycin or by the addition of the Na+ salt of a permeant ion,
      conditions expected to create an interior-negative membrane potential. Both the
      initial rate of concentrative uptake of L-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and its
      maximal accumulation, driven by a standard Na+ gradient, were decreased in
      vesicles from density-inhibited, untransformed cells and increased in those from
      cells transformed by simian virus 40 compared with vesicles from proliferating
      untransformed cells. An increased maximal velocity (Vmax) of uptake stimulated by
      Na+ gradient was observed in vesicles from transformed cells compared with those
      from untransformed cells, suggesting an increase in the number of carriers or in
      their mobility. Since the relative extent of accumulation of this model amino
      acid driven by a standard Na+ gradient also differed with growth or transformed
      status, an additional possibility for cellular regulation of this process could
      be alteration of membrane Na+ permeability or carrier response to Na+.

PMID- 183204
TI  - Handedness of crossover connections in beta sheets.
AB  - In a crossover connection, the polypeptide chain leaves one end of a beta sheet,
      forms a loop of any length and any conformation, and reenters the same beta sheet
      from the opposite end. Of the 85 examples of crossover connections which occur in
      the known protein structures, 83 are righthanded and only two are lefthanded. It
      is proposed that consistent handedness, even in long irregular loops, could be
      produced by the preferred twist direction of extended chain and the
      righthandedness of alpha-helices, provided certain conditions hold during the
      protein folding process.

PMID- 183205
TI  - Appearance in vivo of single-stranded complementary ends on parental herpesvirus
      DNA.
AB  - Intracellular forms of pseudorabies virus parental DNA were examined before and
      after the onset of viral DNA synthesis. Before initiation of synthesis, parental
      viral DNA acquires single-stranded ends. Circular and concatemeric molecules are
      also observed, indicating that the single-stranded ends are complementary. Viral
      DNA replication is initiated at an internal site within the DNA molecule, giving
      rise to characteristic replicative loops with single-stranded regions in the
      trans position. Such replicative loops were seen in unit-size (and smaller than
      unit-size) linear molecules as well as in circular and concatemeric molecules.
      These results show that the parental viral DNA molecules that acquire single
      stranded ends, and consequently are able to form circles and concatemers, proceed
      to replicate.

PMID- 183206
TI  - Calcium-dependent regulatory protein of cyclic nucleotide metabolism in normal
      and transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - The concentration of a calcium-binding protein modulator of 3':5'-cyclic
      nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17; 3':5'-cyclic-nucleotide 5'
      nucleotidohydrolase) activity is increased in chicken embryo fibroblasts upon
      transformation by Rous sarcoma virus. This modulator protein from fibroblasts,
      which has roughly the same molecular size, charge, and functional properties as
      that isolated from chicken brain, comprises approximately 1.32% of the soluble
      protein in homogenates of fibroblasts infected and transformed by Rous sarcoma
      virus. In comparison, the modulator comprises approximately 0.30% of the soluble
      protein in homogenates of normal fibroblasts from confluent cultures and 0.36% of
      the soluble protein in homogenates of fibroblasts infected with a transformation
      defective mutant of Rous sarcoma virus. Modulator levels in normal fibroblasts at
      subconfluent cell densities are 0.42-0.76% of the homogenate soluble protein,
      i.e., between that found in confluent normal fibroblasts and in fibroblasts
      transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. These observations suggest that the levels of
      the modulator protein are elevated under conditions in which chicken embryo
      fibroblasts are undergoing rapid growth and have decreased adenosine 3':5'-cyclic
      monophosphate levels.

PMID- 183207
TI  - Comparison of regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in
      hepatoma cells grown in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Unlike the normal liver, numerous transplantable rodent and human hepatomas are
      unable to alter their rate of sterol synthesis and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme A (HMG-GoA) reductase [mevalonate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating),
      EC 1.1.1.34] activity in response to a dietary cholesterol challenge. It has been
      suggested that this metabolic defect is linked to the process of malignant
      transformation. Hepatoma 7288C "lacks" feedback regulation of cholesterol
      synthesis when grown in vivo but expresses this regulatory property when grown in
      vitro (then called HTC). Therefore, it was used as a model system to answer
      whether an established hepatoma cell line that modulates its rate of cholesterol
      synthesis in vitro can express this property when grown in vivo, and whether
      cells reisolated from the tumor mass have the same regulatory phenotype as before
      transplantation. Our results show that long-term growth of hepatoma 7288C in
      tissue culture has not caused a biotransformation that permits feedback
      regulation of HMG-CoA reductase when the cells are transplanted back into host
      animals. In addition, HTC cells reisolated from the tumor mass and established in
      tissue culture continue to have the ability to regulate HMG-CoA reductase
      activity. Therefore, malignant transformation is not categorically linked to the
      loss of the cellular components necessary to regulate sterol synthesis and HMG
      CoA reductase activity.

PMID- 183208
TI  - Direct biochemical mapping of eukaryotic viral DNA by means of a linked
      transcription-translation cell-free system.
AB  - A method is described for mapping regions of eukaryotic viral DNA coding for
      specific proteins, utilizing a linked transcription-translation cell-free system
      primed with DNA fragments generated by restriction endonucleases. Three simian
      virus 40 (SV40) DNA fragments derived from that region of the DNA expressed late
      in lytic infection were purified. They were: Hpa I-A (0.76-0.175 map units), Bgl
      I-EcoRI-B (0.672-0), and Hpa II-EcoRI-B (0.735-0). (Fragments are named from the
      cleaving restriction endonuclease and electrophoretic mobility. End positions on
      the conventional map are in clockwise order.) These fragments efficiently
      stimulated the incorporation of [3H]UTP and [35S]methionine into trichloroacetic
      acid-insoluble material in the linkec system. The location of the region of DNA
      coding for the viral structural proteins VPI, VP2 and VP3 was determined from the
      spectrum of polypeptide synthesis directed by the individual intact fragments and
      their specific endonucleolytic digests. The polypeptides synthesized in the cell
      free system were characterized on urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide
      gradient gels and by two-dimensional tryptic peptide analysis. ..

PMID- 183209
TI  - Hormonal control of pyruvate kinase activity and of gluconeogenesis in isolated
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Treatment of isolated rat hepatocytes with saturating concentrations of glucagon
      caused several modifications properties of pyruvate kinase (ATP:pyruvate 2-O
      phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40): S0.5 (substrate concentration at half maximum
      velocity) for phosphoenolpyruvate was about doubled, whereas Vmax was not
      changed; the activity measured at 0.15 mM phosphoenolpyruvate (physiological
      concentration) was reduced 65-80%; and there was also an increase in the Hill
      coefficient and in the affinity of the enzyme for the inhibitors Mg-ATP and
      alanine. Glucagon, 3':5'-cyclic AMP, and epinephrine caused an inactivation of
      pyruvate kinase together with a sitmulation of gluconeogenesis. Insulin (10 nM)
      antagonized the effect of suboptimal doses of glucagon or cyclic AMP and of even
      maximal doses of epinephrine, on both pyruvate kinase activity and on
      gluconeogenesis. These observations can be explained by a phosphorylation of
      pyruvate kinase by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, as described by
      Ljungstrom et al. [(1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 358, 289-298] in a reconstructed
      system. They offer a molecular explanation for the hormonal control of
      gluconeogenesis. Glucose caused an inhibition of gluconeogenesis with no
      corresponding change in pyruvate kinase activity.

PMID- 183210
TI  - The endoplasmic reticulum: a cytochemist's view (a review).
AB  - Enzyme cytochemistry has been used, at the light and electron microscope levels,
      to "mark" cytoplasmic organelles of mammalian cells. Catalase cytochemistry
      permitted identification of microperoxisomes, apparently ubiquitous organelles
      that are attached by numerous slender connections to the endoplasmic reticulum.
      Thiamine pyrophosphatase and acid phosphatase cytochemistry can be used to
      distinguish between the Golgi apparatus and a specialized acid-phosphatase-rich
      region of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that appears to be involved in: (a)
      the formation of lysosomes and melanin granules: (b) the processing and packaging
      of secretory materials in endocrine and exocrine cells; and (c) the metabolism of
      lipid. The acronym GERL has been given to this region of smooth ER because it is
      located at the inner or "trans" aspect of the Golgi apparatus and because it
      appears to produce various types of Lysosomes.

PMID- 183211
TI  - Transfer of tRNAs to somatic cells mediated by Sendai-virus-induced fusion.
AB  - tRNAs from yeast (tRNAPhe and 4S RNA) and Escherichia coli (suIII+ tRNAITyr) have
      been transferred to mouse cells by means of a two-step transfer procedure
      [Loyter, Zakai, and Kulka (1975) J. Cell Biol. 66, 292-304; Schlegel and
      Rechsteiner (1975) Cell 5, 371-379]. In the first stage of the transfer tRNAs
      were incorporated into rabbit red blood cells (RBCs). Thereafter, the loaded
      erythrocytes were fused with recipient mouse cells by means of Sendai virus. At
      least 0.3-0.4% of the total input of tRNA used to load the RBCs could be
      transferred to mouse cells. Of the tRNA incorporated in the mouse cells, at least
      50% could be recovered in the form of intact tRNA molecules when yeast 4S RNA was
      used. With E. coli suIII+ tRNAITyr a rather smaller proportion of the tRNA
      remained intact (33%). Although the loading of tRNA into RBCs is not essential
      for its uptake, we find that the transfer is four times more efficient with RBCs
      as a vehicle for the injection. Significantly, a fraction (2%) of the recipient
      cells possessed much more incorporated tRNA than the average cell when Sendai
      virus and loaded RBCs were used. Such cells were not found in control experiments
      in which tRNA uptake was induced by Sendai virus alone.

PMID- 183212
TI  - Vitamin K-dependent synthesis and modification of precursor prothrombin in
      cultured H-35 hepatoma cells.
AB  - The ability of confluent monolayers of H-35 cells, originally obtained from a rat
      hepatoma, to synthesize prothrombin in response to vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) was
      studied. As demonstrated by radioimmunoassay, selective barium salt adsorption,
      and two coagulation assays which discriminate between precursor- and mature
      prothrombin, these cells retained their ability to synthesize precursor
      prothrombin (preprothrombin) in the absence of exogenous phylloquinone (vitamin
      K). When phylloquinone was added to the medium (100 ng/ml), the existing
      intracellular concentration of preprothrombin was reduced to 50% within 1 hr
      after exposure to the vitamin and slowly declined thereafter to approximately 30%
      of control levels by 36 hr. Concomitant with the rapid loss of intracellular
      preprothrombin was the appearance of mature prothrombin in the medium. The
      appearance of prothrombin was biphasic: occurring during the initial 0-6 hr
      interval, and again at an increased rate during the next 18-24 hr interval. The
      amount of prothrombin appearing in the medium exceeded by severalfold the amount
      of precursor mobilized. These data demonstrate that monolayer cultures of H-35
      hepatoma cells retain their ability to synthesize preprothrombin and other
      enzymes, responsible for post-translational modification of prothrombin and its
      subsequent secretion, under the influence of vitamin K.

PMID- 183213
TI  - Freeze-fracture study of mast cell secretion.
AB  - Within seconds after exposure of rat peritoneal mast cells to polymyxin B, bulges
      appear on the surface of the cells. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy reveals
      that each bulge overlies a mast cell granule. In contrast to the even
      distribution of intramembranous particles in the plasma membrane of unstimulated
      cells, the intramembranous particles in the stimulated cells are unevenly
      distributed in the membrane of the bulges with large patches of membrane lacking
      intramembranous particles. The membranes over the most prominent bulges are
      entirely free of intramembranous particles, and in some instances there is an
      increased concentration of intramembranous particles at the margins of the
      bulges. Perigranule membranes exhibit the same changes in distribution of
      intramembranous particles. Electron microscopy of thin sections of rapidly fixed,
      stimulated mast cells shows a peculiar structure of the membrane overlying some
      bulges; instead of the pentalaminar membranes previously demonstrated, the
      membrane at these sites of presumptive fusion of perigranule and plasma membrane
      assumes the form of a single dense lamina with a fine fuzzy coating on either
      side. It seems possible that membrane fusion and subsequent pore formation
      proceed in the stimulated mast cell through a stage of flight of intramembranous
      particles and molecular rearrangement of the other membrane components.

PMID- 183214
TI  - Abnormal levels of 3':5'-cyclic AMP in isoproterenol-stimulated fibroblasts from
      patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - To determine if the abnormalities of exocrine secretion characteristic of cystic
      fibrosis could be investigated in vitro, I studied the synthesis of 3':5'-cyclic
      AMP after isoproterenol stimulation in skin fibroblasts derived from patients
      with cystic fibrosis and from normal individuals. Comparison of normal and cystic
      fibrosis cells showed that the latter had 2- to 5-fold greater levels of
      intracellular cyclic AMP after stimulation with isoproterenol. The difference
      between the strains was observed at every stage of the culture cycle and was
      specific to stimulation by beta-adrenergic agonists. It could not be accounted
      for by different dose- or time-response curves nor by leakage of cyclic AMP into
      the medium. The increased sensitivity to catecholamines may reflect an intrinsic
      genetic property of cystic fibrosis cells, and it may be feasible to use this
      system to study the biochemical basis of the genetic defect in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 183215
TI  - Presynaptic calcium currents and their relation to synaptic transmission: voltage
      clamp study in squid giant synapse and theoretical model for the calcium gate.
AB  - A voltage clamp study of the presynaptic terminal in squid stellate ganglion has
      given quantitative results relating inward Ca2+ current to presynaptic membrane
      potential and postsynaptic response to inward Ca2+ current. The results indicate
      an S-shaped curve for the relationship between presynaptic potential and Ca2+
      current and a linear relationship between Ca2+ current and postsynaptic
      potential. A similar S-shaped curve was found for the time-dependent properties
      of the Ca2+ conductance. Based on these results a mathematical model was
      developed which accounts for the experimental results in this and previously
      published papers by other authors. The model suggests that five subunits are
      involved in the Ca2+ gate and that the subunits change noncooperatively from an
      inactive to an active form upon membrane depolarization.

PMID- 183217
TI  - Ulcerating and mutilating acropathy with thermographic findings.

PMID- 183216
TI  - Localization and specificity of binding of subprimate placental lactogen in
      rabbit tissues.
AB  - A search for specific placental lactogen binding was undertaken in tissues
      obtained from late pregnant rabbits using the placental lactogens from sheep,
      cows, and human beings. 125I-labeled ovine lactogen exhibited highest specific
      binding to the adrenal gland (57.8%), followed by liver (21.5%), ovary (19.9%),
      mammary gland (15.9%), uterus (12.2%), kidney (8.8%), brain (8.5%), and adipose
      tissue (7.9%). In liver and mammary gland, the displacement curves for ovine and
      human lactogen were identical to that for bovine prolactin, indicating that they
      share the same receptor site. Although the displacement curve for bovine lactogen
      was parallel to that of the other lactogens the bovine hormone is less active in
      the radioreceptor assay.

PMID- 183219
TI  - Ascites with papilloedema and paeipheral neuropathy of unknown etiology.

PMID- 183218
TI  - Linear sebaceous naevi with convulsions and mental retardation (Feuerstein-Mims'
      syndrome), vitamin-D-resistant rickets.

PMID- 183220
TI  - The effect of some additives on the adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride on
      magnesium trisilicate and milk.
AB  - The effect of various additives on the adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride
      on magnesium trisilicate or milk was investigated. Adsorption-elution, dialysis
      and sedimentation volume measurements were used in the present investigation.
      Citric acid was found to exert the highest adsorption suppressing effect of the
      antibiotic on both antacids. The nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene-23-lauryl
      ether (Brij 35) and polysorbate 80, had an intermediate action, while
      polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium
      carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and urea had only a slight effect. On the other
      hand, the effect of sodium benzoate and sodium salicylate varied with
      concentration. Results of the elution study showed that the efficiency of the
      additives, as eluting agents, was more or less parallel with their influence on
      adsorption. The presence of citrate or Brij 35, having the highest adsorption
      suppressing effect, was found to have a negligible effect on the chemical
      stability or microbiological activity of tetracycline. Conclusions were made that
      the incorporation of some of these additives may possibly reduce tetracycline
      antacids interactions and consequently improve the antibiotic availability when
      co-administered with antacids.

PMID- 183221
TI  - ACTH regulation of the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 183223
TI  - Serum sialic acid levels in lung cancer patients.
AB  - The levels of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (sialic acid) in normal men and pre-and
      post-menopausal women were determined. Smoking post-menopausal estrogen therapy,
      oral contraceptives, and refreezing had no effects on sialic acid levels. Pre
      treatment values from patients with lung carcinoma showed markedly elevated
      levels of sialic acid (0.697 +/- 0.149 muM/ml) as compared to those from normal
      controls (0.432 +/- 0.067 muM/ml). The potential usefulness of sialic acid as a
      biological marker is discussed.

PMID- 183222
TI  - Molecular aspects of the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids.

PMID- 183224
TI  - Biochemical changes after hepatic injury from toxic doses of acetaminophen or
      furosemide.
AB  - The effects of hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen and furosemide on the function
      and composition of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum were compared from 3 to 24 h
      after administration. Acetaminophen caused a significant decrease in microsomal
      protein concentration as early as 3 h after its administration, but furosemide
      did not affect the microsomal protein concentration until 24 h after the dose.
      Both acetaminophen and furosemide decreased the concentrations of cytochrome P
      450 and cytochrome b5 in microsomes, and the activity of microsomal ethylmorphine
      N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase. Glucose-6-phosphatase and UDP-glucuronyl
      transferase were not significantly affected by acetaminophen or furosemide
      administration, and neither diene conjugation nor hepatic triglycerides were
      increased. Incorporation of 3H-L-leucine into liver proteins was decreased by 50%
      after the administration of either acetaminophen or furosemide.

PMID- 183225
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the distribution of 3H-leucine in acid soluble chromatin
      proteins of Noviknoff hepatoma cells separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The acid soluble proteins of Novikoff hepatoma chromatin were labeled linearly
      with 3H-leucine for 16 minutes. Analysis on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels
      showed that 13 of the 18 stained proteins were detected by autoradiography after
      a 16-minute in vitro incubation. The labeled molecules include the histones H2A,
      H2B, H3, and H4; and proteins A3, Aj, A8, A8', A15, A16, A24, B7, and B13.
      Relatively large amounts of isotope were incorporated into two other proteins, A3
      and Aj, in addition to the histones. Some proteins, notably Aj, A8, A8' and A16
      were labeled to a greater extent than would be expected on the basis of uptake of
      Coomassie Brilliant Blue R. None of the labeling patterns were characteristic of
      a precursor-product relationship either the histones or the nonhistone proteins.

PMID- 183226
TI  - Influence of size, protein concentration, protein synthesis inhibitors,and carbon
      on clearance of enzymes and proteins from blood.
AB  - In order to (1) clarify the mechanism(s) for clearance and maintenance of protein
      levels from and in extracellular fluids, and (2) explore the possibility of
      interconnections between enzyme plasma levels and those of tissues, rats were
      injected with glutamate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate, encolase, carbamyl
      phosphate synthetase, serine dehydratase, deoxyribonuclease I, ribonuclease A,
      hemoglobin, and human serum albumin. A close relationship between the molecular
      weights of enzymes and the rates of clearance was found.

PMID- 183227
TI  - Studies on the optimum conditions of extraction of silicon species from plants
      with water. III. On the stability of silicon species in extracts from Equisetum
      arvense herb.

PMID- 183228
TI  - [Determination of the variation in conduction speed of motor fibers and the
      effects of diphenylhydantoin (Phenytoin) and diazepam (Faustan)].
AB  - The variation in the speed of conduction of motor fibers of the ulnar nerve was
      determined by Hopf's double-stimulus method and compared with values obtained
      from the duration of muscular response potentials for differently spaced points
      of stimulation. However, the values obtained from the difference of the duration
      of response potentials are inadequate since the duration of potentials cannot
      always be determined accurately. After a ten-day administration of faustan (15 mg
      per day) or phenytoin (300 mg per day) there was observed a decrease especially
      in the minimum rate of conduction of motor fibers of the ulnar nerve.

PMID- 183230
TI  - Plasma lipoproteins of lambs and sheep.
AB  - The major plasma lipoproteins of the adult sheep were high density lipoprotein
      (76%) having alpha-mobility on electrophoresis and low density lipoprotein (20%)
      having beta-mobility. Chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins were minor
      constituents (less than 5%). The postabsorptive hyperlipidaemia in suckling lambs
      is mainly a result of increased concentration of low density and high density
      lipoproteins although the relative contribution of very low density lipoproteins
      was increased to 7-15% of the total lipoproteins. The hyperlipiaemia was markedly
      greater in an intact male lamb than in female or castrated male lambs. In
      suckling lambs a new lipoprotein (density 1-090 g/ml) appeared in the high
      density lipoprotein fraction but disappeared before weaning.

PMID- 183231
TI  - The spin 3/2 state and quantum spin mixtures in haem proteins.

PMID- 183229
TI  - Schizophrenia: a theory.

PMID- 183232
TI  - Kinetic analysis of ATPase mechanisms.

PMID- 183233
TI  - Free radicals and the action of inhibitors of radical processes under
      pathological states and ageing in living organisms and in man.

PMID- 183234
TI  - Photolysis of N-methyl and N-acetyl substituted amino acids.
AB  - Experiments on the production of free radicals in aqueous solutions of N-methyl
      and N-acetyl substituted amino acids by UV light are reported. The ESR spectra
      observed at 77 K show that the bond of the CH3- group of these substances is
      ruptured to a great deal compared with other bond ruptures producing paramagnetic
      centres. But in N-methyl substituted amino acids the methyl radical is less
      predominant than in N-acetyl substituted ones. At temperatures higher than 200 K
      the ESR spectra of all substances studied in our experiments are similar. It is
      supposed that a radical is formed with an unpaired spin near an oxygen atom.

PMID- 183235
TI  - The action of ionizing radiation on DNA in the presence of quinacrine. III.
      E.S.R. study: spin transfer in gamma-irradiated lyophilized DNA-quinacrine
      complexes.
AB  - E.S.R. spectra of different DNA-quinacrine complexes show as well at 77 K as at
      293 K that there exists an electron transfer from the bases to quinacrine
      facilitated by the overlap of the theta-orbitals of the bases and the
      intercalated dye. The transfer range may extend over more than 25 or 50
      nucleotides depending on the intercalation model considered.

PMID- 183236
TI  - ESR of sulfur-substituted purines. 6-methylmercaptopurine at 300 K.

PMID- 183237
TI  - Effect of Indomethacin on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in myometrium
      from pregnant rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Our results indicate that indomethacin inhibits cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in
      the myometrium of the pregnant rhesus monkey under in vitro as well as in vivo
      conditions. Kinetic data on extracts of myometrium from pregnant rhesus monkeys
      indicated two cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activities. The apparent Km value for
      the high affinity enzyme averaged 3.9 muM and for the low affinity enzyme 23 muM;
      the Vmax values averaged 0.56 and 1.4 nmoles cyclic AMP hydrolized per mg protein
      min-1 respectively. When indomethacin was added to the myometrial extracts, the
      activity of the high Km phosphodiesterase was competitively inhibited, with an
      average Ki of 200 muM; the low Km enzyme was noncompetitively inhibited with an
      average Ki of 110 muM. Experiments on myometrial slices demonstrated that 10 muM
      indomethsacin potentiated the effect of PGE1 and epinephrine on cyclic AMP
      levels, presumably by inhibiting the phophodiesterase activity. The uterine
      relaxing effect of indomethacin is generally attributed to the inhibition of
      prostaglandin synthetase activity. However, treatment of pregnant rhesus monkeys
      with therapeutic doses of indomethacin resulted in a significant inhibition of
      myometrial cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in association with uterine
      relaxation and prolongation of gestation.

PMID- 183238
TI  - Radioimmunoassay measurement of ACTH-facilitated PGE2 and PGF2alpha release from
      isolated cat adrenocortical cells.
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by trypsin-dispersed cat adrenocortical cells was
      studied by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Parallel assays of incubation media using
      PGF2alpha and PGF1alpha antisera established that PGF2alpha is the primary PGF
      released by feline cortical cells. Following the reduction of PGE to PGF with
      sodium borohydride (NaBH4) these same two antisera were also used to identify
      PGE2 as the primary PGE released. RIA using a PGE antiserum confirmed the
      presence of PGE in the incubation medium. Steroidogenic concentrations of ACTH
      (50-250muU) enhanced PGE and PGF release, and indomethacin suppressed the ACTH
      facilitated release. These studies provide additional evidence for ACTH-induced
      PG synthesis by feline cortical cells, and support the hypothesis that PGs play
      some role in the steroidogenic action of ACTH.

PMID- 183239
TI  - Letter: Influences of different batches of silicic acid on the chromatography of
      PGE.

PMID- 183240
TI  - Phospholipase A activity in human and ovine uterine tissues.
AB  - Phospholipase A was assayed in crude lysosomal fractions of human decidua,
      amnion, chorion and myometrium. Activity was present in all the tissues and was
      highest in decidua and amnion which contained enzymes with pH optima of 6.5-8.0
      and 7.2 respectively. Comparison of the activities in tissues obtained before
      labor with others obtained during labor showed no differences. In sheep, the
      fetal membranes contained a greater activity of phospholipase A than placenta and
      myometrium. Stimulation of the fetal adrenals with corticotrophin caused a marked
      increase in activity in both amnion and chorioallantois. It is concluded that the
      human amnion and the ovine amnion and chorioallantois could participate in the
      biosynthesis of prostaglandins by releasing stored arachidonic acid.

PMID- 183241
TI  - The role of prostaglandins in the development of refractoriness to LH stimulation
      by Graafian follicles.
AB  - The possibility that prostaglandins might be responsible for the development of
      the pre-ovulatory refractoriness to the stimulation by LH of cyclic AMP
      accumulation in vitro in the Graafian follicle was examined. Isolated rabbit
      Graafian follicles were obtained at estrus and at 0.5, 5 and 9 hours after an
      ovulatory dose of LH. The follicles were incubated in vitro in the presence of (8
      3H)adenine and the accumulation of (8-3H)cyclic AMP measured. Follicles from
      estrous animals responded to the in vitro addition of LH with a marked increase
      of cyclic AMP accumulation and lost this response as the time of ovulation
      approached. Animals pretreated with indomethacin, which inhibits the usual pre
      ovulatory rise of follicular prostaglandin levels, showed essentially the same
      loss of responsiveness. Indomethacin alone was without effect. It is concluded
      that prostaglandins are not the major factor in the development of refractoriness
      to LH stimulation in vitro which has been observed in pre-ovulatory follicles.

PMID- 183242
TI  - [Occurence of pre-beta-1 lipoprotein fraction in primary hyperlipoproteinemia
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 183243
TI  - [Parapharyngeal mixed tumor].

PMID- 183244
TI  - Genetic approaches to steroid hormone action.

PMID- 183245
TI  - The cytochemical bioassay of hormones.

PMID- 183247
TI  - Follicle-stimulating hormone, the Sertoli cell, and spermatogenesis.

PMID- 183246
TI  - The adrenal cortex and essential hypertension.

PMID- 183248
TI  - Nuclear receptors and the initiation of thyroid hormone action.

PMID- 183249
TI  - Hormone receptors and the control of cyclic AMP metabolism in parental and hybrid
      somatic cells.

PMID- 183250
TI  - Molecular mechanisms of cyclic AMP action: a genetic approach.

PMID- 183251
TI  - Prolactin and human reproduction.

PMID- 183252
TI  - On the absence of "endogenous" acetaldehyde in rat and mouse blood.
AB  - Acetaldehyde was not detected in whole blood or plasma of control Sprague-Dawley
      rats or rats treated with Antabuse, or in whole blood of control Swiss-Webster
      mice or mice treated with diethyldithiocarbamate.

PMID- 183254
TI  - Detection of estrogen binding in human mammary carcinoma by immunofluorescence: a
      new technic utilizing the binding hormone in a polymerized state.
AB  - Detection of neoplastic cells with the ability to bind estrogen has been
      accomplished utilizing the immunofluorescence technic and polymerized estradiol
      phosphate. Biopsies from 10 patients with the more common varieties of breast
      cancer have been studied and show excellent correlation with independently
      performed tritiated estradiol receptor assays. Preliminary results show that many
      mammary carcinomas are composed of heterogenous cell populations which vary in
      their estrogen binding capacities. To some extent, such variations are dependent
      upon the anatomical location of the malignant cells.

PMID- 183253
TI  - Isolation of an SV40 induced sarcoma transformation associated antigen.
AB  - A transformation associated antigen was isolated from an SV40 induced hamster
      sarcoma by sequential silica gel column chromatography and preparative silica gel
      60 thin layer chromatography after tissue extraction with chloroform:methanol
      (2:1, v/v). It migrated with an rf of 0.21 on silica gel 60 thin layer
      chromatography plates predeveloped and developed in
      chloroform:methanol:water:glacial acetic acid (10:10:1.5:0.5, v/v) and an rf of
      0.27 on cellulose F254 thin layer chromatography plates developed in the same
      solvent system. Antigenicity was determined using a fluorescence probe
      cytotoxicity assay to measure inhibition of antibody mediated complement
      dependent damage to homologous cultured transformed cells. Although compositional
      analysis of this substance is not complete, it appears to be a polar lipid and
      would support the concept that transformation associated antigens may be gene
      plus substrate specific rather than strictly gene specific.

PMID- 183255
TI  - [5 cases of primary tumor of the trachea].

PMID- 183256
TI  - [Benign bronchial tumors. Apropos of 14 cases].

PMID- 183257
TI  - [Portuguese amyloid neuropathy (apropos of 3 further cases)].

PMID- 183258
TI  - [Long-term peripheral motor involvement (having initially resembled Charcot-Marie
      amyotrophy) and amytrophic lateral sclerosis in brothers].

PMID- 183259
TI  - [Production and characterization of some mouse embryo cellular substrates in
      vitro].
AB  - Cell cultures with a different multiplication potential in vitro, depending upon
      the strain source used, were obtained from mouse embryos belonging to the CVA,
      C57 Black A2G and Swiss strains. Only the Swiss 12 culture underwent spontaneous
      transformation and was carried through more than 50 passages in vitro. The Swiss
      12 substrate proved not to be contaminated either by viruses or micoplasma. It is
      less sensitive than other elective cell substrates to infection with attenuated
      polioviruses, cytopathogenic Coxsackie A9 virus and vaccinia virus, but its
      sensitivity to infection with Herpes simplex type 1 virus is similar to that of
      human embryo fibroblasts. After a high number of passages the Swiss-12 substrate
      permits, in comparison to other cell substrates (human heteroploid Hep-2 line,
      human embryo fibroblasts), a highly efficient qualitative differentiation between
      the growth media and calf serum.

PMID- 183260
TI  - Spontaneous mutation of RNA tumour viruses.
AB  - There are 2 categories of spontaneously occurring avian and mammalian RNA tumour
      virus mutants: conditional and non-conditional. 1) Conditional mutants are able
      to replicate in or transform cells only under certain physiological conditions or
      in certain cells. RNA tumour virus temperature-sensitive mutants, focus
      morphology mutants, and host range mutants are spontaneously formed. Some of
      these conditional mutants probably arise by point mutations in the viral genome.
      2) Non-conditional mutants have genetic lesions that render them inactive under
      all conditions. There are non-conditional spontaneous RNA tumour virus mutants
      that are missing either the virion envelope glycoprotein or both the envelope
      glycoprotein and the virion DNA polymerase. These mutants cannot replicate or
      transform cells. Other spontaneous non-conditional mutants can replicate but are
      defective in their ability to transform fibroblastoid cells. These spontaneous
      transformation-defective mutants can have deletions in 10-20% of the genomic RNA.
      Conditional mutants with an altered host range occur at a high rate of
      approximately 1 mutation/50 infected cell generations during DNA-to-DNA
      information transfer. This type of conditional mutation requires cell replication
      but does not occur frequently either during the original synthesis of viral DNA
      (RNA-to-DNA information transfer) or during the transcription of progeny viral
      RNA from the (RNA-to-DNA information transfer) or during the transcription of
      progeny viral RNA from the DNA (DNA-to-RNA information transfer). Temperature
      sensitive and focus-morphology mutants also have a high rate of spontaneous
      formation. Non-conditional mutants missing the viral envelope glycoprotein, DNA
      polymerase, or transformation gene, also appear to be spontaneously formed at a
      high rate. Normal avian and mammalian cells contain RNA tumour virus-related
      genes in their DNA. It is hypothesized that these endogenous RNA tumour virus
      related genes in normal cells also have a high rate of spontaneous mutation and
      are involved in neoplastic processes.

PMID- 183261
TI  - [The chemotherapy of tumors of the central nervous system (author's transl)].
AB  - The rational application of chemotherapy in tumors of the central nervous system
      is discussed in particular the use of the new derivatives of nitrosourea: BCNU (1
      3 bis-(2-cloroetil) 1-nitrosourea) and CCNU (cloroetil-cicloesil-nitrosourea).
      The results of therapy with antimetabolites, alkylating agents, antibiotics, and
      plant alcaloids, are reported as well as those obtained with radio - sensitizing
      substances (containing B10 or BUdR, IUdR, FUdR). The results obtained in the
      United States and in Japan with BCNU and CCNU are considered as well as the
      personal data of 43 cases treated with BCNU and 10 cases treated with CCNU
      (including intracranial glial tumors, spinal glial tumors and metastatic tumors
      of the central nervous system).

PMID- 183264
TI  - [Fibrohistiocytoma of the oral cavity].

PMID- 183263
TI  - Adrenal reactivity to ACTH in women with hyperestrogenism.

PMID- 183265
TI  - Localization of apolipoprotein B in intestinal epithelial cells.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence techniques were employed to determine the
      distribution within intestinal epithelial cells of apolipoprotein B, a protein
      essential for the normal transport of fat. Isolated intestinal cells were
      prepared from rats either during active lipid absorption or after biliary
      diversion. Specific immunofluorescence from an antiserum to apolipoprotein B was
      detected in the apical portion of epithelial cells from bile-diverted animals,
      demonstrating that a pool of apolipoprotein B is present in the nonabsorptive
      epithelial cell and may be a component of intestinal cell membranes. During lipid
      absorption in normal rats, an early and sustained increase in immunofluorescence
      was demonstrated, consistent with an increase synthesis of apolipoprotein B
      during lipid absorption. This study demonstrates the presence of apolipoprotein B
      within intestinal epithelium and provides evidence for the participation of this
      apoprotein in intestinal lipid transport.

PMID- 183266
TI  - Cytokine inhibition of DNA synthesis: effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate in
      lymphocytes.
AB  - A greater than twofold increase in intracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate
      (cyclic AMP) inhibited DNA synthesis, in stimulated rat lymphocytes. A two- to
      fourfold rise of intracellular cyclic AMP, starting at 16 hours, was produced by
      purified inhibitor od DNA synthesis added to such cells either at 0 or 16 hours,
      in close association with the initiation of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 183268
TI  - Thyroid hormones: effect of physiological concentrations on cultured cardiac
      cells.
AB  - Cultured cardiac cells prepared from newborn rat heart will respond in vitro to
      physiological concentrations of L-triiodothyronine. The cells are grown in a
      culture medium that contains hypothyroid calf serum. A dose response relationship
      of L-triiodothyronine indicates that this system may be a useful model for
      elucidation of the mechanism of thyroid hormone effects on the heart.

PMID- 183267
TI  - Progesterone binding to hen oviduct genome: specific versus nonspecific binding.
AB  - Data are presented to explain discrepancies in the literature involving the in
      vitro binding of steroid receptor complexes to isolated nuclei and chromatin. The
      type of binding in vitro of the progesterone-receptor complex to nuclei,
      chromatin, or DNA of hen organs is largely determined by the ionic strength of
      the medium. Low ionic conditions (0.01 to 0.05 molar potassium chloride) result
      in a nonspecific, nonsaturable binding, while high ionic conditions (0.15 to 0.20
      molar potassium chloride) create a tissue-specific, saturable binding. Pure DNA
      binds the steroid receptor complex extensively in low salt but very little in the
      higher salt conditions.

PMID- 183269
TI  - Letter: Relaxation time versus water content: linear or nonlinear?

PMID- 183270
TI  - [Prevention of infections in patients subjected to immunosuppressive drugs.
      Experience of a nephrologist].
AB  - Infective complications favoured by non-specific immuno-depression are common
      after renal transplantation. Often severe, they represent the main cause of
      mortality. Their prophylaxis is necessary at all stages of treatment. Before
      transplantation, the eradication of curable infective foci is essential, and
      certain patients must be excluded from the programme. The operation is simplified
      to a maximum. The conditioning is such that one does no longer expose to the risk
      of aplasia. These facts render useless the isolation of the patient on a sterile
      unit. In cases of poor tolerance of the transplant, with repeated rejection, the
      reduction and eventually the stopping of immunosuppression is necessary. This
      attitude implies often early return to treatment by repeated hemodialysis, but it
      preserves to a maximum the chances of a new transplantation.

PMID- 183271
TI  - [Rejections and cytomegalovirus infections after renal transplantation].
AB  - Immunosuppressed patients are known to be susceptible to infectious agents.
      Association of allograft rejection and herpes virus infection (high incidence of
      cytomegalovirus) was yet reported after renal transplantation. Authors studied 19
      rejection episodes on 24 renal transplantation performed for 17 months,
      cytomegalovirus infection being associated in 7. Because of the therapeutic
      difficulties observed in these cases, a preventive attitude is necessary.

PMID- 183272
TI  - [Infectious problems posed by patients with a renal graft and submitted to an
      immunosuppressive treatment].
AB  - Infective complications are analysed in 100 transplanted patients all receiving
      corticosteroid and azathioprine. 170 infective episodes were noted, only 13
      patients never had infection during the period of observation. Two complications
      were dominated by their gravity : pneumopathies (n equals 29) fatal in 20.6% of
      cases, and septicemia (n equals 21) fatal in 28.5% of cases. Alone they
      represented 75% of the overall mortality in this series. More than 50% of
      failures due to death or detransplantation, were directly due to infection. The
      results show that this type of complication represents the main limiting factor
      to renal grafts in patients submitted to immunosuppressor treatment which
      depresses non-specifically, the whole immune response.

PMID- 183273
TI  - [Infections and immunosuppressive agents in rheumatology].
AB  - The authors review the problem of infection occurring in patients with chronic
      inflammatory rheumatism, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus,
      treated with cytolytic drugs for immunodepressive reasons. From their
      investigation, it seems that there is a high frequency of bacterial and mycotic
      and viral infections in these patients, but controlled investigations seem to
      show quite definitely that the frequency of these infections depends on the
      disease itself. The risk does not seem to be increased by cytolytic drugs. The
      only exception is herpes which appears in 10 to 20% of patients treated with
      immunosuppressive agents, as against 2% in a controll series. The other virus
      diseases did not have an abnormally high frequency. The conclusions are, of
      course, only of value for the types of treatment used in rheumatology.

PMID- 183274
TI  - [Fatal hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - Hyperparathyroidism is able to determine suddenly after a very poor clinical
      history a deep coma : in such a condition, the diagnosis with the paraneoplastic
      hypercalcemia may be a difficult one : cervicotomy can be the heroic way to lead
      to diagnosis and in the same time to perform treatment. To avoid such a dramatic
      situation, the authors propose cervicotomy for every patient suspected of P.T.H.
      adenoma, when calcemia is higher than 115 mg c/l, even if the symptoms are very
      slight or nil.

PMID- 183275
TI  - [Congenital type II dyserythropoiesis].
AB  - The authors report a case of congenital dyserythropoieses, type II, the diagnosis
      of which was made in a young 15 year old girl with anemia, sub-clinical jaundice
      and splenomegaly. The following three criteria were found: erythroblastic
      hyperplasia with a high percentage of binuclear cells, a double peripheral red
      cell membrane under the electron microscope and a positive Ham-Dacle test. An
      isotopic study showed a double process or erythropoiesis which was inefficacious
      and peripheral hemolysis. In connection with this case, the authors then recall
      the main characteristics of the three types of congenital dyserythropoiesis. The
      origin and consequences of the peripheral membrane excess of the erythroblasts
      characteristic of type II are then discussed.

PMID- 183276
TI  - [Retrospective analysis of Widal's serodiagnosis in an internal medicine
      department].

PMID- 183277
TI  - [Meningo-encephalic complications caused by rare microorganisms in renal
      transplanted patients: cryptococcosis and listeriosis with favourable course].

PMID- 183278
TI  - [Depigmented and pruriginous cutaneous manifestations of Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann
      disease].

PMID- 183279
TI  - [A case of congenital diverticulum of the choledochus in an adult].

PMID- 183281
TI  - [Patient compliance with drug prescriptions. General problem and the special case
      of rheumatology].
AB  - In all branches of medicine, a large percentage of patients do not take the drugs
      which are prescribed for them. This percentage is situated at about 40%. The
      authors study this phenomenon in connection with data in the literature drawn
      from studies with objective controls. Rheumatology does not escape from this
      problem, whether one considers inflammatory rheumatism or degenerative
      rheumatism. The authors provide data from a personal series observed in arthrosic
      patients with an anti-inflammatory drug under trial. The various implications of
      this phenomenon are briefly discussed.

PMID- 183280
TI  - [Suspicious mastopathies].

PMID- 183282
TI  - [Thoracic and abdominal actinomycoses. Anatomo-pathologic study of 5 cases].
AB  - The authors report 5 cases and study the thoracic and abdominal lesions of
      actinomycosis. This is a rare bacterial disease but not exceptional, discovered
      usually by chance on operative specimen on autopsy. The clinical and
      bacteriological diagnosis is very difficult although the lesions are
      characteristic. Thus it is always necessary to carry out biopsy and seek sulphur
      granules in the actinomycotic follicle. The differential diagnosis is usually
      easy with granulomycoses, but it is sometimes more difficult to distinguish the
      disease from nocardioses.

PMID- 183283
TI  - [Hematologic manifestations of thymomas].
AB  - The hematologic manifestations during thymomas are dominated by
      erythroblastopenia. Though, the other series can be affected and red series can
      present other troubles. The authors report two cases, one with erythroblasto
      penia-hypogammaglobulinemia, the other with polycythemia, and a review of the
      literature attempt to make the point on the subject.

PMID- 183284
TI  - [Study of the action of sultopride on psychomotor agitation. Apropos of 31
      cases].
AB  - A study of sultopride, a new derivative of the substituted anisamides, has shown
      that this neuroleptic drug reduces markedly and rapidly psychomotor agitation,
      especially its aggressive component. It also has an action on hallucinations. Its
      indications, in order of efficacy, are states of acute agitation, psychotic
      states during the active phase, acute manifestations of alcoholism and behaviour
      disorders such as expansivity, impulsivity and agressivity. Its tolerance is good
      considering its strong activity.

PMID- 183285
TI  - [The plateau of the apex cardiogram].
AB  - The apex cardiogram should normally include a flat part, but when one looks
      carefully, one may note that this flat part normally includes a flat wave between
      the descending part from the first summit and the part rising towards the second
      summit. This is therefore something which occurs in the middle of systole. Now,
      quite different curves, such as those of ventricular volume collected by
      rheography or cineangiography, also show a mesodiastolic occurence. As far as
      clinical medicine is concerned, it is expressed more frequently during proto or
      telesystole, rather than during mesosystole, which may be totally free of
      abnormal waves. What thus occurs in mesosystole? This is the question which is
      raised by these findings]

PMID- 183287
TI  - [Multiple lipomas of the colon and rectum].
AB  - The authors report a case of multiple circumscribed colonic lipomas and undertake
      a review of the literature. Since the end of the 18th century, 45 clinical and
      autopsy cases have been reported. These exceptional lesions are sometimes
      strictly latent and discovered by chance, sometimes they may give rise to a
      picture of chronic intestinal obstruction and, more rarely, that of
      intussusception. Comparison of radiology and colonoscopy permits one to better
      suspect the diagnosis for there are unusual signs concerning both lesions. The
      treatment is mainly surgical but sometimes lipomectomy by the endoscopic route
      may be carried out when the lesions are not numerous.

PMID- 183286
TI  - [Contribution of cytochemistry and delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in the
      diagnosis and prognosis of chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes].
AB  - Cytochemistry is disappointing in lymphoproliferative syndromes for it does not
      permit one to classify the various diseases with certainty. In the early stages,
      if the three indices are lowered, the prognosis seems poorer. A study of
      glucuronidase permits, in hyperlymphocytosis, one to differentiate benign from
      malignant lymphocytes, but does not permit one to differentiate from one another,
      the other chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes. The acid phosphatase is
      interesting in the study of hairy cell leukemia. Finally, it was not possible to
      distinguish chronic lymphoid leukemia from leukemia with lymphosarcomatous cells,
      nor from the cytochemical point of view nor using tests for delayed
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 183288
TI  - [Malignant histiocytosis].

PMID- 183289
TI  - [Anuria caused by allo-immunization in the Kidd system].

PMID- 183290
TI  - [Andre Hahn (1900-1975)].

PMID- 183291
TI  - Von Gierke's disease: a review.

PMID- 183292
TI  - Focal glomerular sclerosis.
AB  - Focal glomerular sclerosis was diagnosed in nine patients by renal biopsy.
      Proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and slowly progressive renal insufficiency
      unresponsive to corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy were consistent
      clinical findings. Focal, segmental, and global glomerular sclerosis with
      intraluminal deposits of hypereosinophilic and strongly PAS-positive material,
      intracapillary foam cells, and moderate interstitial involvement were consistent
      morphologic findings. The importance of this clinicopathologic entity in the
      spectrum of renal diseases has only recently been appreciated.

PMID- 183293
TI  - Neurochemistry of fever.

PMID- 183295
TI  - [Synovial sarcoma in the region of the head and neck].
AB  - A young woman with primary cervical synovial sarcoma above the collar-bone is
      described. Synovial sarcomas of the head and neck are infrequently reported. The
      pathology, treatment and progress appear to be very similar to that of synovial
      sarcomas situated elsewhere. It appears that primary lesions occur in younger
      people and that the survival rate is better than that for synovial sarcoma
      elsewhere.

PMID- 183294
TI  - Virus peneumonia following measles: a virological and histological study of
      autopsy material.
AB  - Adenovirus, measles virus and herpesvirus were found to be responsible for the
      serious non-bacterial bronchiolar and interstitial necrosis in post-measles
      pneumonia in underprivlieged non-White children less than 4 years of age in Cape
      Town. Secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia, possibly antibiotically suppressed,
      proved to be less important in accounting for the extensive lung damage in 18
      fatal cases that were examined virologically and histologically.

PMID- 183296
TI  - Involvement of the nipple and areola in carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - The records of all patients in whom a mastectomy was performed for carcinoma of
      the breast at this clinic during a recent two year period were reviewed, and the
      gross specimens were re-examined to study the incidence of cancerous involvement
      of the nipple and areola and related local clinical findings. Cancer was present
      in the nipple or areola, or both, in 12.2 per cent of the specimens. When the
      nipple and areola were clinically normal, involvement of the nipple and areola by
      carcinoma was rare if the primary tumor was less than 2 centimeters in diameter
      and was not situated behind the areola.

PMID- 183297
TI  - The use of radioactive cesium chloride for imaging of malignant and benign
      pulmonary lesions.
AB  - 129CsCl was investigated as an agent for imaging tumors of the lung, and based on
      the results of 56 patients studied, it has proved to be highly sensitive in
      detecting primary malignant tumors of the lung. The differentiation between
      pulmonary malignant lesions and tuberculosis appears to be feasible. However,
      false-positive images in patients with benign conditions are inevitable.

PMID- 183299
TI  - The protective role of intraperitoneal antibiotic irrigation in contaminated
      penetrating wounds of the cecum.
AB  - Neomycin (500 mg.), polymyxin (500,000 U.), and bacitracin (50,000 U.) in one
      liter of saline, used as an abdominal irrigation solution, protects dogs against
      intraperitoneal infection and wound infections and markedly curtails adhesion
      formation after peritoneal contamination with cecal contents. Dogs treated with
      topical antibiotics after cecal puncture and local contamination were almost
      identical to control dogs without contamination. Equal volumes of saline
      irrigation offered no therapeutic advantage despite the theoretical benefit of
      diluting the bacterial and chemical challenge. Reported results are statistically
      significant (rho less than or equal to 0.05).

PMID- 183298
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the liver.
AB  - Since 1947, 173 patients have been seen with primary carcinoma of the liver; 68
      percent had hepatomas, 26 percent cholangiocarcinomas, and 6 percent mixed-cell
      carcinomas. Of these patients, 9 percent were Stage I or unstaged, whereas 28
      percent were Stage III and had short lengths of survival. The 108 patients with
      Stage II carcinoma of the liver were analyzed according to treatment regimens.
      Thirty-one patients were observed but untreated; 47 patients were treated by
      systemic chemotherapy and 25 patients were treated by surgical resection. Three
      patients were treated by infusion chemotherapy and two by dearterialization. When
      primary carcinoma of the liver is resectable, approximately 20 percent of
      patients may be expected to become long-term survivors. If not resectable, short
      term improvement in length of survival (8 to 13 months) may be obtained by
      systemic or infusion chemotherapy and by hepatic dearterialization. Earlier
      diagnosis and an aggressive surgical approach lends hope for some cures for
      patients with this difficult disease.

PMID- 183300
TI  - [Drug information for nurses. Estrogen preparations. Therapeutic action group:
      ovarian hormones. 2].

PMID- 183301
TI  - The effect of fungi (particularly obligate pathogens) on the physiology of higher
      plants.

PMID- 183302
TI  - Paracoccus denitrificans: a present-day bacterium resembling the hypothetical
      free-living ancestor of the mitochondrion.

PMID- 183303
TI  - Tapeworm-host interactions.

PMID- 183304
TI  - [Management of osteomyelitis with a new local antibiotic].

PMID- 183305
TI  - Comparison of two types of endothelial cells in long term culture.
AB  - Bovine aortic endothelial cells have been serially subcultured and maintained for
      ten months (24 passages) without any apparent loss of endothelial-like
      properties. There appear to be two endothelial cell types; one type is
      mononucleated, 40-60 mu in diameter, and the other (giant) cell type,
      multinucleate and 300-600 mu in diameter. Both cell types were identified as
      endothelial cells by established criteria; 1. ultrastructurally, by the presence
      of Weibel-Palade bodies, microfilaments and pinocytotic vesicles and 2.
      immunologically, by the presence of factor VIII antigen and thrombosthenin.

PMID- 183306
TI  - Studies of the thromboplastic effect of human plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - Human plasma lipoprotein fractions were prepared by flotation in the
      ultracentrifuge. Addition of these fractions to platelet-rich, platelet-poor and
      platelet-free plasma affected the partial thromboplastin and Stypven clotting
      times to various degrees. Addtion of high density lipoprotein (HDL) to platelet
      poor and platelet-free plasma shortened both the partial thromboplastin and the
      Stypven time, whereas addition of low density lipoprotein and very low density
      lipoprotein (LDL + VLDL) fractions only shortened the Stypven time. The additions
      had little or no effect in platelet-rich plasma. Experiments involving the
      addition of anti-HDL antibodies to plasmas with different platelet contents and
      measuring of clotting times produced results that were in good agreement with
      those noted when lipoprotein was added. The relation between structure and the
      clot-promoting activity of various phospholipid components is discussed.

PMID- 183307
TI  - Intravascular coagulation in hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 183308
TI  - Intracytoplasmic uncoated capsids of human cytomegalovirus.
AB  - It has been generally accepted that capsids found in the cytoplasm of infected
      fibroblasts by adapted strain human cytomegalovirus (CMV) have bristle-like
      surface coating on them. This coating was said to be one of the important
      differences of CMV from herpes simplex virus. As well known, capsids of CMV
      increased in their over-all diameter through the process of moving from the
      nucleus to the cytoplasm. In some instances, however, uncoated capsids were
      detected in the cytoplasmic portions especially in the vicinity of tubular
      structures in the cytoplasm. It seemed that these uncoated capsids might be
      formed in the cytoplasm but had not emigrated from the nucleus.

PMID- 183309
TI  - Leukocyte adenosine triphosphatase activity in human bronchial asthma.
AB  - Changes in adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of the peripheral blood
      leukocytes were investigated in patients with bronchial asthma. Estimation of the
      leukocyte Mg++- and Ca++- dependent ATPases was carried out according to Hadden's
      method, incubating ATP with the membrane fraction of the leukocyte. The leukocyte
      ATPase activity was significantly elevated among asthmatic patients compared with
      control subjects. This elevated ATPase was seen in all asthmatics irrespective of
      acute attacks or the drug treatment. There was no clear correlation between the
      activity of ATPase and the percentage of leukocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils.
      There was no relationship between ATPase activity and adenyl cyclase activity of
      the same leukocytes from asthmatic patients.

PMID- 183310
TI  - Further study on the turnover calculation of lung lecithins.
AB  - Using the data reported previously by Moriya and Kanoh, the metabolic turnover of
      rat lung lecithins was calculated on the basis of the new assumption that the
      formation rate (Va) of lecithins from diacylglycerols did not equal the
      disappearance rate (Vb) of lecithins because of the presence of precursors other
      than diacylglycerols. The ratio of Va/Vb was almost the same in dienoic lecithin
      as that for total lecithins, whereas a very low ratio was found in saturated and
      hexaenoic species. The turnover time of lung lecithins estimated was markedly
      shorter than those determined in much later experimental periods after
      administration of labeled precursors. The reason for this discrepancy was
      discussed.

PMID- 183311
TI  - Further study on the effects of LH-RH in rat anterior pituitary.
AB  - As to the mechanism of the action of LH-RH on rat anterior pituitary, the
      participation of the adenylate cyclase system in gonadotropin release has been
      clarified. The authors previously reported that LH-RH increased the RNA synthesis
      in the rat anterior pituitary. In this study, the significance of the increase of
      RNA synthesis by LH-RH and the relationship between the adenylate cyclase system
      and the RNA synthesis system were investigated and the following results were
      obtained. (1) LH-RH induces not only the release of LH but also its synthesis in
      the rat anterior pituitary, and furthermore, RNA synthesis participates in LH
      synthesis. (2) The effects of LH-RH on RNA synthesis appeared to be independent
      from the effects on the adenylate cyclase system.

PMID- 183312
TI  - Triplet states from azo compounds.

PMID- 183313
TI  - Triplet states from azides.

PMID- 183314
TI  - The specificity of the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of bovine
      ovaries toward dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone: evidence for multiple
      enzymes.
AB  - The 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in whole bovine ovaries was
      systematically studied using dehydroepiandrosterone (3beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17
      one) and pregnenolone (3 beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) as substrates, in order
      to determine whether, in this tissue, the same or different 3beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenases metabolize these steroids. The majority of the activity, with both
      substrates was found in the microsomes. Detergent extraction of the microsomes
      indicated that more than one enzyme was present in this fraction. A number of
      experiments on the Triton X-100 extract of the microsomes (the stability of the
      activity, its nucleotide specificity and kinetic analyses) were most simply
      explained by a single enzyme metabolizing both steroids. However, the
      stereospecificity of hydride-ion transfer from pregnenolone to NAD+ (B transfer)
      was different than that from dehydroepiandrosterone to NAD+ (A and B transfer).
      Thus, as no single enzyme is known to catalyze the transfer of hydride-ion to
      both sides of NAD+, it is proposed that there are at least two 3beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the Triton X-100 extract.

PMID- 183315
TI  - Identification of conjugated estrogen metabolites in dog plasma following
      administration of estriol-2,4,6,7-3H.
AB  - Following the constant infusion of 2,4,6,7-3H-estriol in male dogs for a period
      of 90 minutes, the radioactive metabolites present in arterial plasma were
      separated by solvent partition, DEAE-Sephadex, Celite partition and thin layer
      chromatography. The identities of the individual estrogens and estrogen
      conjugates were confirmed by specific activity determinations after
      chromatography in several different solvent systems, enzyme hydrolysis and
      chromatography of the unconjugated steroids and their derivatives.

PMID- 183316
TI  - Ribonucleases and neoplasia.
AB  - Biochemical data provide good evidence of a lack of acid and alkaline RNase
      activities in ascites tumour cells. Analyses of whole solid tumours appear of
      doubtful value, but fractionation studies reveal RNase deficiencies in
      mitochondrial fractions whereas inconsistent results are reported for microsomal
      fractions. Nuclei, nucleoli, and ribosomes isolated from tumours show relatively
      weak activities. Large variations are noted in determinations on purified
      lysosomes. Histochemical analyses by two different approaches demonstrate a
      multifocal loss of RNase activities in preneoplastic tissues, a lack of
      activities in cancer cells, and the presence of appreciable activities in stromal
      tissue and necrotic areas of tumours. These results suggest that RNase activities
      found in homogenates and cellular fractions of heterogeneous tumours may derive
      mainly from stromal cells, phagocytes, and extracellular fluids of necrotic
      areas. A close correlation seems to exist between activation of RNases and tumour
      regression. A large variety of therapeutic agents induce increases in tumour
      RNase activities whereas ineffective agents do not. The activation of RNases
      precedes obvious regression and apparently represents de novo synthesis of RNases
      in cancer cells. It emerges from these studies that loss of RNase activities
      could represent a critical event in carcinogenesis, that RNase deficiencies would
      persist in cancer cells, and that RNase activation would be closely associated
      with tumour regression. Losses of RNase activities in preneoplastic tissues are
      followed by changes in the properties of cytoplasmic RNA probably due to
      alterations in ribosomes in areas of neoplastic transformation. Deficiencies in
      the RNase system could be the source of abnormalities in cellular RNA or RNA
      containing particles that would lead to neoplasia.

PMID- 183317
TI  - Juvenile angiofibroma of the nasopharynx.

PMID- 183318
TI  - [Effect of thymosterin A on the immunological reaction of mice].
AB  - Proliferaiton of thymus-dependent lymphocytes and immunological reaction of the
      line CBA mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes was studied as affected by
      thymosterol A. The data obtained confirmed the authors' assumptions on a
      stimulation effect of thymosterol A on division of thymocytes. Introduction of
      the mentioned preparation against a background of the antigenic aciton of sheep
      erythrocytes causes an increase in the amount of cells synthesizing hemolysins
      more than by 60% as compared to the control. The preparation effect depends on
      the dose. The data are presented, which makes it possible to assume that the
      mentioned effects may be due to the action of thymosterol A on the content and
      activity of the intracellular cyclic AMP.

PMID- 183320
TI  - [Plasma prekallikrein activation by highly dispersed organic silica].
AB  - Human and animal blood plasm precallikrein was studied as activated by the high
      dispersed preparations of silica (aerosils) which carry on their surface various
      chemically grafted organic radicals. It is shown that hydrophilic silica
      containing -COOH, -HN2, -OH groups, contrary to the hydrophobic ones, are
      efficient in activating human plasm precallikrein. Precallikrein activation is
      dependent on concentration of hydrophilic aerosil, temperature and specific
      surface of the activator.

PMID- 183321
TI  - Lipoprotein composition and lipoprotein interrelations in 50-year-old men with
      hyperlipoproteinaemia.
AB  - The serum lipoprotein (LP) composition and LP lipid interrelations were studied
      in 50-year-old men with different types of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) and in
      randomly sampled health controls from the same population. The ratio
      cholesterol/triglycerides in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)was high in HLP
      type III. The other types of HLP showed ratios not significantly different from
      the controls. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration was
      similar in controls, type III and type IV while, by definition, higher values
      were seen in type II A and II B. All types of HLP showed statistically
      significantly higher LDL triglycerides than the controls. HLP type II A and II B
      showed cholesterol/triglyceride ratios in LDL similar to the controls. The
      corresponding ratio in type IV was lower than in the control subjects but the
      lowest ratio was seen in type III with a mean value below the 5th percentile of
      healthy controls. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration
      was decreased in HLP type IV. Apparently elevated HDL triglyceride levels were
      seen in all types of HLP with the highest mean value in type III. The LP lipid
      interclass relationships were analysed in the random sample of health men and
      compared to corresponding relationships in the different types of HLP. Apart from
      HLP type III and HLP type IV with low LDL cholesterol levels all other types of
      LP interconversions. Intype IV a significant negative correlation between VLDL
      concentration and LDL cholesterol concentration and the cholesterol/triglyceride
      ratio in VLDL. There were no significant correlations between LDL cholesterol
      concentration and VLDL lipid variables in other types of HLP and normolipidaemia.

PMID- 183322
TI  - Dietary and drug treatment of hyperlipidaemia. A feasibility study in
      asymptomatic middle-aged men.
AB  - 83 middle-aged men with different types of hyperlipoproteinaemia were recruited
      from a health examination survey. They were treated with diet for 3 months and
      with diet and drugs in combination over a 2-year period (63 men used drugs). The
      serum lipid reductions after the dietary period were 14% and 27% for serum
      cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively. After 2 years the corresponding
      reductions were 21% and 42%, indicating an additional effect of diet and drugs.
      There was an average body weight reduction of 4.3% during the first 3 months
      which was maintained over the 2-year period. Special considerations in treating
      asymptomatic individuals are discussed.

PMID- 183323
TI  - Antibiotic managment in renal failure.
AB  - This is a brief compilation of the work of many investigators. It includes facts
      about toxicity and recommendations about antibiotic management in patients with
      renal failure. As new data are accrued, changes in these recommendations will be
      necessary.

PMID- 183319
TI  - [Change in lipid metabolism in sports wrestlers under conditions of physical load
      and body dehydration].
AB  - Control of forty six sportsmen-wrestlers determined that the loss in weight
      accounting for 3.5% leads to a certain reduction of nonesterified fatty acids
      (NEFA) in venous blood and to a significant increase in the content of esterified
      fatty acids (EFA), beta-lipoproteids, phospholipids and cholesterol. Analogous as
      to the trend (excluding NEFA) but a little less pronounced changes these values
      occur after physical load on sportsmen who did not undergo dehydration. Under
      conditions of dehydration a 40-minute work on veloergograph caused additional
      changes in the values under study. An hour after finishing the physical work the
      total level of lipids as well as of their fractions such as beta-lipoproteids,
      EFA and cholesterol remains considerably higher than that in the control. Thus,
      the loss in weight itself as to the character of the changes arising in the lipid
      metabolism is to some extent similar to physical load suffered by a sportsman
      organism and therefore may exert unfavourable effect on the working capacity.

PMID- 183324
TI  - Interaction of ultrasound with neoplastic tissue: IV. alteration of biologic
      activity in cells derived from rat Wilms' tumor sonicated in vivo.
AB  - Paired Wistar-Furth male rats were implanted subcutaneously with the Furth
      Columbia rat Wilms' tumor. Seven days after implantation the tumors were either
      subjected to therapeutic ultrasound irradiation or were left as untreated
      controls. On the ninth day after implantation the animals were sacrificed, and
      suspensions of cells were made from the excised tumors by trypsinization. The
      cells were counted using trypan blue dye as an indicator of viability. New rats
      were then implanted with cells either from sonicated tumors or cells from
      controls. In half the recipient animals the suspensions were matched by total
      cell count. In the other half of the rats cell counts were matches for viability
      by the dye exclusion test. Tumors developed in a total of 8 of 11 rats receiving
      control cells and they died. A palpable tumor did not develop in any rat
      receiving cells fromsonicated tumors during the ninety-day study period.
      Surviving rats were challenged with Wilms' tumor by trocar implant. Tumor
      developed in all recipients, and they died.

PMID- 183326
TI  - Relation of animal herpes to man.

PMID- 183325
TI  - Radiolucent defects within renal pelvis.
AB  - Radiolucent filling defects within the renal pelvis are common findings in
      diagnositc urography, and because of their myriad causes the diagnostician is
      often faced with a challenging problem. Several of the more unusual causes of
      renal pelvis filling defects are described and their diagnosis, pathophysiology,
      and therapy discussed.

PMID- 183327
TI  - Effects of low and high frequency noise bands in producing a physiologic
      correlate of loudness recruitment in mice.

PMID- 183328
TI  - Effect of radiation therapy on facial nerve cable autografts.

PMID- 183329
TI  - [Giant nasopharyngeal angiofibroma].

PMID- 183331
TI  - [Surgical treatment of glomus tumors of the middle ear and jugular fossa].

PMID- 183330
TI  - [Effect of complexons on the function of ciliary epithelium].

PMID- 183333
TI  - [Barre-Masson syndrome].

PMID- 183332
TI  - [Atypical course of embryonic cancer of a dystopic kidney].

PMID- 183334
TI  - [Study of certain components of the kinin system in acute purulent peritonitis].
AB  - Under study was the kinetics of changes in the kinin content, the activity of
      kininase and blood proteolytic activity in acute purulent peritonitis in 63
      patients. The kinin activity was judged indirectly by the kinin level in blood.
      The results of the study indicated that in acute purulent peritonitis the kinin
      concentration in blood is decreased in proportion with the gravity of the disease
      course.

PMID- 183336
TI  - Infectious respiratory diseases of cats.

PMID- 183335
TI  - Feline leukemia virus induced disorders in the cat.

PMID- 183337
TI  - Feline anemia.

PMID- 183338
TI  - Letter: Atypical fowl pox in chickens.

PMID- 183339
TI  - Letter:  Isolation and characterisation of equine herpes virus type 1.

PMID- 183340
TI  - Susceptibility of the Indian squirrel to foot-and-mouth disease virus.

PMID- 183341
TI  - [Adsorption of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by aluminum
      hydroxide].

PMID- 183343
TI  - [Use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the isolation of the IBR virus].
AB  - Experiments were carried out to use polyethylene-glycol (PEG)--6000 in the
      isolation of the IBR virus from field material. The sedimentation with PEG proved
      easy, fast and selective. Large amounts of field material suspension could be
      treated which made it possible to attain volume concentration of such suspensions
      and to raise the relative concentration of the virus in them. Thus the virus
      could be isolated more quickly and in a more dependable way, avoiding the toxic
      effect of some of the initial materials on the cell culture.

PMID- 183342
TI  - [Immunogenic properties of a polyvalent inactivated vaccine from respiratory
      viruses (IBR, Pi-3, Ad-1, Ad-3].
AB  - Studied was the authors' inactivated polyvalent vaccine having an adjuvant,
      prepared from the respiratory viruses IBR, Pi-3, Ad-1 and Ad-3. It was found that
      at the subcutaneous vaccination of calves and pregnant cows there were virus
      neutralizing, hemagglutination-inhibition, and complement-fixing antibodies as
      established by the 14th day following treatment. Revaccination was carried out on
      the twenty-eighth day when the antibodies reached high titers. The latter showed
      peak values on the 14th day following revaccination. The prevaccinal and vaccinal
      antibodies did not interfere with the process of immunogenesis. The virus
      neutralizing antibodies against IBR had a titer of 5 log on the 150th day, while
      the virus-neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against Pi-3
      showed the same titer even after the 180th day following vaccination. There were
      in the milk of the vaccinated cows, in the seventh month of pregnancy, specific
      lactoglobulins of the IgA and IgG classes which were contained in the 27-36, 45
      48 and 51-54 fractions, distributed in three peaks by their protein content. The
      level of the virus-neutralizing, hemagglutination-inhibition, and complement
      fixing antibodies against the inactivated vaccinal respiratory viruses showed
      that the subcutaneous treatment with the polyvalent vaccine leads to the
      production of antibodies that are secreted with milk

PMID- 183344
TI  - [Study of Aujeszky's disease virus replication by using an immunofluorescent
      method].
AB  - Studied was the interrelationship between the Aujeszky's disease virus (the
      avirulent mutant strain MK and the virulent strain 2) and chick embryo cells
      during cultivation with and without 5-iod-2-desoxiuridine. In experiments with
      the virulent strain the presence of a granular antigen could be observed at the
      4th hour following the infection of the nucleus. After the 10th hour the antigen
      showed migration from the nucleus toward the cytoplasm. After the 24th hour a
      complete destruction of the cellular monolayer was observed, along with the
      production of polynuclear cells. In the experiments with strain MK the antigen
      seemed to appear first in the cytoplasm after the 10th hour of infecting the
      cells, and after the 12th hour it was found in the nucleoplasm too. In this case
      full destruction of the cells set in after the 48th hour of infection. In the
      cultivation of strain MK in cell cultures containing 5-iod-2-desoxiuridine no
      disturbances in the normal cycle of reproduction was observed. The virus
      replicated equally well both with and without the antimetabolite. In the
      cultivation of the virulent strain 2 in cell cultures that contained 5-iod-2
      desoxiuridine a coarse, granular antigen was noticed in the cytoplasm of single
      cells after the eighth hour of infection. After the 12th hour the nuclei of these
      cells manifested slight flourescence (hardly visible single granules). After the
      48th hour the nuclei of the involved cells were swollen, and the cytoplasm
      presented slight, diffuse fluorescence, some of the cells being destroyed.

PMID- 183345
TI  - [Effects of concanavalin A on the adsorption and penetration of paramyxoviruses
      into cells].
AB  - The lectin concavaline A, when added to cell cultures of chick embryos and calf
      kidney one hour prior to their injection with the virus of the Newcastle disease
      and that of parainfluenza-3 in cattle produces no adverse effect on the cell
      receptors of these viruses. On cells treated with concavaline 60 per cent and
      more virions are adsorbed as compared with the untreated cells. This is explained
      by the fact that concavaline binds to the cellular and viral glucoproteins.
      Virions bound to concavaline do not penetrate into the cells. The titers of the
      paramyxoviruses obtained from lectin-treated cells were by 2 log. lower than the
      virus titers obtained from untreated cells. Mono- and bivalent concavalines
      inhibit more slightly the reproduction of para myxoviruses.

PMID- 183346
TI  - [Problems in the immunoprophylaxis of Marek's disease].

PMID- 183347
TI  - [Some modern data on the antigenic makeup of the foot-and-mouth disease virus and
      their practical significance].

PMID- 183348
TI  - [Glomus cell clusters of the lymph node].
AB  - Nine lymph nodes with so-called benign nevus cell nevi were studied by light
      microscopy. In three cases the lymph nodes were also examined by electron
      microscopy. The solitary or multiple cell clusters were 35-645 mu in diameter and
      were usually found in the lymph node capsule or cortex. They were more frequent
      in the older patients. There was no predisposition for either sex. Specific
      morphologic features allowing clear cytologic identification of the cells were
      not evidient. In particular, there was no indication that they represented nevus
      cells. However, they showed a great morphologic similarity to glomus cells. In
      addition, they were usually found near blood vessels. We assume that the cell
      clusters were hamartias related to glomangiomas. We call them glomus cell
      clusters.

PMID- 183349
TI  - Characterization of two different factors chemotactic for cancer cells from tumor
      tissue.
AB  - Two different factors chemotactic for cancer cells were extracted in
      pseudoglobulin fraction of rat ascites hepatoma transplanted tissue. After
      chromatography on Sephadex G-50 and CM-sephadex, these factors were separated by
      gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The factor a was further fractionated by
      immunoadsorbent chromatography with goat antirat gamma-globulin antibody and then
      with rabbit antirat hemoglobin antibody; it was a protein with a molecular weight
      of about 78,000, resembling a chemotactic factor previously reported, and its
      activity was thermolabile. The previously undescribed factor b was also a protein
      with a molecular weight of about 14,000 and its activity was thermostable.
      Intradermal injection of these factors at low concentrations induced an
      extravascular migration of circulating tumor cells and formation of metastatic
      secondary tumors; and little difference in the in vivo effect between these
      factors was observed. It was thus assumed that the combined action of these two
      factors may be involved in malignant invasion.

PMID- 183350
TI  - Studies on the in vitro transcription and translation of vesicular stomatitis
      virus mRNA.

PMID- 183351
TI  - A study of plaque formation with avian RNA tumor viruses.

PMID- 183352
TI  - The structural proteins of equine arteritis virus.

PMID- 183353
TI  - The requirement of simian virus 40 gene A product for the stimulation of cellular
      thymidine kinase activity after viral infection.

PMID- 183354
TI  - Cleavage site alterations in poliovirus-specific precursor proteins.

PMID- 183356
TI  - The defective maturation of viral progeny with a temperature-sensitive mutant of
      avian sarcoma virus.

PMID- 183355
TI  - Proteins of herpesvirus type 2. II. Studies demonstrating a correlation between a
      tumor-associated antigen (AG-4) and a virion protein.

PMID- 183357
TI  - Herpes simplex virus protein synthesis in the presence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

PMID- 183358
TI  - Polynucleotide sequences common to the genomes of simian virus 40 and the human
      papovaviruses JC and BK.

PMID- 183359
TI  - Regulatory events in the synthesis of Sendai virus polypeptides and their
      assembly into virions.

PMID- 183360
TI  - The temperature-sensitive defect in SV40 group D mutants.

PMID- 183361
TI  - Epstein-Barr virus DNA in human lymphoid cell lines: in vitro conversion.

PMID- 183362
TI  - The presence of common host sequences in different populations of substituted
      SV40 DNA.

PMID- 183363
TI  - Independent polypeptide chain initiation sites for the synthesis of different
      classes of proteins for an RNA tumor virus: mouse mammary tumor virus.

PMID- 183364
TI  - The effect of caffeine on the ultraviolet light induction of SV40 virus from
      transformed hamster cells.

PMID- 183366
TI  - Genetic control of chick helper factor in cells which lack natural group-specific
      antigen of avian leukosis.

PMID- 183365
TI  - Infection of chick cells by subgroup E viruses.

PMID- 183367
TI  - A study on the infectivity of encephalomyocarditis virus double-stranded RNA with
      selectively inactivated strands.

PMID- 183368
TI  - Clonal heterogeneity of wild mouse leukemia viruses: host ranges and
      antigenicity.

PMID- 183369
TI  - Trapping of oncornavirus particles at the surface of interferon-treated cells.

PMID- 183370
TI  - A line of ring-necked pheasant cells susceptible to infection by avian
      oncornaviruses.

PMID- 183371
TI  - Interferon inhibits induction of endogenous murine leukemia virus production.

PMID- 183372
TI  - A study of the Ag factors in a British (West Midland) population.
AB  - 168 sera from a British (West Midlands) population of normal blood donors were
      typed for the factors Ag (x, y, a1, d, t, c, g and h). The results were compared
      with the published data from other populations. The 8 factors were found in 27
      different phenotypic combinations including a single instance of the combination
      Ag (y-h+) not previously reported. The occurrence of this phenotype is discussed
      in relation to the theoretical models of the genetic control of the Ag system.

PMID- 183373
TI  - [Biochemistry of benign-symmetrical lipomatosis (adenolipomatosis Launois
      Bensaude, Madelung's disease)].
AB  - 1. Total lipids, total cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids,
      triglycerides and free fatty acids as well as the fatty acids profiles of the
      different lipid classes were determined in serum, lipomatous and normal adipose
      tissue. Triglycerides were elevated in patient L's serum. The distribution of
      serum lipoproteins in this patient's serum showed a type IV according to
      Fredrickson. All other lipid parameters were within the normal range. Palmitoleic
      acid was increased nearly in all lipid fractions of the patients' sera as well as
      in the lipids of lipomatous subcutaneous adipose tissue. 2. The lipomatous
      adipose tissues of the patients showing no histological abnormalities revealed
      higher levels of cyclic AMP than normal subcutaneous adipose tissue. 3. Serum
      uric acid was normal (patient E.), between the normal and pathological range
      (patient L.) and elevated (patient W.). Urinary uric acid excretion was increased
      in all three patients. 4. 14C-glycine was overincorporated into urinary uric acid
      in all three patients. 5. Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activities in the
      hemolysates were within the normal range. A decrease of hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase activities could be demonstrated in two patients' (e.,
      w.) erythrocytes. Erythrocyte phosphoribosylpyrophate synthetase activity was
      slightly increased in patient L.'s and twice the normal value in patient W.'s
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 183374
TI  - [Further experimental investigations on the therapy of gas gangrene with ozone
      and oxygen (author's transl)].
AB  - In continuation of a recently-published investigation on the effect of
      intramuscular injections of an ozone-oxygen mixture on experimental gas gangrene
      in the guinea pig, 2 additional experiments were performed in order to establish
      the efficacy of the therapy when given twice daily instead of only once.
      Futhermore, the effect of an analogous therapy was investigated with the use of
      pure oxygen. The ozone-oxygen therapy reduced the death rate from 100% in
      untreated control animals to 73.6 and 70.0%, respectively, in the 2 series of
      experiments. The median survival times were prolonged from 0.56 and 1.33 days to
      5.50 and 6.66 days. The use of oxygen twice daily reduced the death rates
      significantly even further to 57.0 and 47.9%. With this therapy the median
      survival time was increased to 8 and more than 12 days. The differences in
      therapeutic effect of the 2 gases were not, however, statistically significant.
      On account of its simple applicability previous experiments on animals it is
      proposed that this therapy be employed also in cases of human gas gangrene. In
      addition, the bactericidal effect of CaCl2, as used in this experimental study,
      on vegetative forms of Clostridia is demonstrated.

PMID- 183375
TI  - [Side effects of drugs during long term use].

PMID- 183376
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infections in the blood recipient.

PMID- 183378
TI  - Comments on CMV infections in renal transplant patients.

PMID- 183377
TI  - Factors contributing to the risk of cytomegalovirus infection in patients
      receiving renal transplants.

PMID- 183379
TI  - Detection of human cytomegalovirus and analysis of strain variation.

PMID- 183381
TI  - The blood donor: detection and magnitude of cytomegalovirus carrier states and
      the prevalence of cytomegalovirus antibody.

PMID- 183382
TI  - Prevention of infections with cytomegalovirus.

PMID- 183383
TI  - Humoral and cell-mediated immunity to cytomegaloviruses.

PMID- 183380
TI  - Cytomegalovirus replication and the host immune response.
AB  - Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is closely associated with host cellular structures, and
      this has a significant impact upon the immunologic response following infection.
      CMV may be recovered from a variety of body secretions and fluids during acute
      infection, and protracted shedding may supervene in some instances. The reasons
      for a variable host response to CMV infection remain unclear, and the mechanisms
      responsible for the establishment of persistence have not been worked out. CMV
      persistence and latency are discussed, and some recently derived relevant data
      are presented. An animal model has been developed consistent with clinical
      observations pertaining to CMV transmission with blood. Results obtained in the
      course of these and other studies support the concept of immunological activation
      of latent CMV. The timing of CMV infection relative to an unrelated antigenic
      challenge is probably critical in determining the emergence of immunodepression
      or enhancement. Some aspects of CMV sero-diagnosis are also reviewed.

PMID- 183384
TI  - Structural proteins of human cytomegalovirus.

PMID- 183385
TI  - Holoendemic cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant recipients.

PMID- 183386
TI  - Antigenic activity of dense bodies from human cytomegalovirus-infected cells in
      the complement fixation test.

PMID- 183387
TI  - Unsolved problems and concluding recommendations regarding cytomegalovirus.

PMID- 183388
TI  - The relationship of immunosuppression to cytomegalovirus infection.

PMID- 183389
TI  - Cytomegalovirus infection in children undergoing open-heart surgery.
AB  - A group of 124 children undergoing open-heart surgery was followed prospectively
      in order to estimate the risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection due to
      transfused blood.Ninety-three patients (75%) had complement fixation (CF) titers
      of < 1:4 against CMV on admission. Of this seronegative subgroup, nine patients
      (9.7%) subsequently became infected with CMV. All nine showed seroconversion, and
      six were viruric 12-14 weeks after surgery. Comparative seroepidemiological
      studies of the hospital population showed that in the age ranges studied (3-16
      yr), the infections seen in the study group represented a significant excess over
      expectation. This infection rate was consistent with a model of transmission by
      blood transfusion with a risk of 2.7% per unit but not proven.Thirty-one patients
      had CF antibody to CMV on admission. CMV was isolated from 14% of urines of
      seropositive children both before and after surgery, but only two patients showed
      CF antibody rises to CMV. Thus the frequency of CMV infection associated with
      open-heart surgery and transfusion could not be calculated in the seropositive
      subgroup.CMV infection was not related to the primary diagnosis or to Down's
      syndrome.

PMID- 183391
TI  - [Surface tension in rat lungs after quartz dust inhalation (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of quartz dust (1000mg/m3) on surface tension in rat lungs was
      investigated. The exposure-times were 5, 15 and 30 hours. The animals were
      killed, 1, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days after quartz dust exposure and the surface
      tension was measured in a Wilhelmy balance. There was no significant difference
      between control animals and quartz dust animals in gammamax, gammamin and S. But
      there were significant differences in the same groups in hysteresis shape index
      and compressibility-coefficient.

PMID- 183390
TI  - Hepatitis A.
AB  - Hepatitis A is a disease of worldwide distribution which occurs in endemic and
      epidemic form and is transmitted primarily by person-to-person contact through
      the fecal-oral route. Common source epidemics due to contamination of food are
      relatively common, and water-borne epidemics have been described less frequently.
      The presumed etiologic agent of hepatitis A has now been visualized by immune
      electron microscopic (IEM) techniques in early acute-illness-phase stools of
      humans with hepatitis A as well as in chimpanzees experimentally infected with
      material known to contain hepatitis A virus. In addition, several new serologic
      tests for the detection of antibody against hepatitis A virus have been
      described. These include complement fixation and immune adherence techniques.
      Current data suggest that hepatitis A is caused by a single viral agent lacking
      the morphologic heterogeneity of hepatitis B viral components and that there may
      be relative antigenic homogeneity between strains of virus recovered from various
      parts of the world. Serologic studies to date also indicate that hepatitis A
      virus is not a major contributing cause in post-transfusion hepatitis.

PMID- 183392
TI  - Reduction of folate levels in the rat: Difference in depletion between the
      central and the peripheral nervous system.
AB  - 1. Rats were deprived of dietary folate for 12 and 9.5 months in two experiments;
      one with and one without succinylsulfathiazole added to the diet. Folate levels
      decreased faster in the former experiment and the final blood values were lower.
      Tissue folate was examined in the latter experiment only. 2. The animals were
      repeatedly examined with neurological tests and compared with a control group
      supplemented with folic acid. Every test proved normal. Measurement of motor
      nerve conduction velocities after 12 months in the experiment where
      succinylsulfathiazole was given revealed lower velocities in the non-supplemented
      group. There was no difference between the groups in the experiment without
      succinylsulfathiazole. 3. In the latter experiment brain folate was reduced by
      only 16% in the non-supplemented animals compared with the controls, whereas
      whole blood folate fell by 60%, liver folate by 50% and sciatic nerve folate by
      59%. 4. The central nervous system is resistant to systemic folate depletion,
      whereas the peripheral nerves are depleted to the same degree as the extra-neural
      tissues.

PMID- 183393
TI  - [Drug therapy of hyperthyroidism].
AB  - The possibilities of the treatment of hyperthyroidism are mentioned, in which
      cases the author especially deals with the medicamentous therapy, taking into
      consideration the different chemical groups (imidazol derivations, thiourazil
      derivations, perchlorates) and their therapeutic mechanisms. The indications and
      contraindications of this treatment and the possible side effects are compiled in
      form of a table. The in-vitro-parameters which are necessary for the observation
      of the course are estimated in their significance. The author deals with the
      problems of the additional treatment. Taking into consideration indications and
      contraindications as well as controls of the course of functional parameters the
      medicamentous therapy concerned is a treatment with a good prognosis. It is
      promising particularly in such cases, when suitable parameters are used for the
      solution of the question concerning the end of the therapy. For this purpose
      nowadays two tests are at our disposal: 1. modified Alexander's test (radioiodine
      test and suppression test under thyreostatic therapy) and 2. TRH-test with
      radioimmunological determination of TSH. The treatment should be carried out in
      adequate endocrinological dispensaries, as there are certain risks in not optimal
      therapy.

PMID- 183394
TI  - [Participation of gonads in pulmonary silicosis].
AB  - A survey is given on the participation of endocrine glands in the pulmonary
      silicosis. At the same time a new clinical and experimental contribution to the
      question of the appearance of a hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is given. The
      frequency of this hypogonadism increases with the severity of the pulmonary
      silicosis. The immunological opinions as well as the neuroergonal ones concerning
      the pathogenesis of pulmonary silicosis gave the possibility of a better
      explanation of the mechanisms, by means of which also other organs may be
      attacked in pulmonary silicosis. The neuroendocrine system gives a defensive
      answer to the aggressive silicotic pulmonary process, which in general slowly
      progresses, but which may also be certain hormones from the group of the
      glucocorticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. The intervention into the axis
      hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal cortex has been provided in all defence processes
      of the organism against every aggression. By the functional or organic damage of
      the neuroendocrine system, by the immediate toxic effect of silicium dioxide or
      the monosilicium acid as well as by the effect of the secondary hypoxia in
      pulmonary silicosis an insufficiency in the stimulation and excretion of certain
      hormones develops. The origin of this insufficiency is found in the hypothalamo
      hypophyseal centres, and the effects extend to all endocrine glands which depend
      on the system hypothalamus-hypophysis. This mechanism is made responsible for the
      appearance of a hypogonadotropic insufficiency of gonads in the course of a
      pulmonary silicosis and is proved clinically and experimentally in the cases
      investigated by the authors

PMID- 183395
TI  - [Proceedings: Bicarbonates and cyclic AMP in pure human pancreatic juice: dosage
      effect curve with synthetic secretin].

PMID- 183396
TI  - [Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with 20-year duration].

PMID- 183397
TI  - [Antibody titers--curse in patients with recurring Herpes simplex virus
      infections under vaccination with heat-inactivated Herpes viruses].
AB  - Follow-up studies of antibody-titres in patients suffering from recidivations of
      herpes labialis and progenitalis treated with herpes virus vaccine inactivated by
      heat. It was stated by several authors that patients suffering from recidivations
      of herpes labialis and progenitalis can be successfully treated with a herpes
      virus vaccine inactivated by heat (Lupidon G/H). Nothing is known, however, about
      the mechanisms diminishing recurrences. We have studied 11 patients and 3 control
      persons whether there were changes in specific antibody titres after repeated
      vaccinations. Skin reactions following intradermal injections were also tested.
      Serum samples studied over a period of 8 weeks until 9 months showed that the
      antibody titres found by complement-fixation and neutralization tests remained
      practically constant. Skin tests were always negative. Therefore it merits
      further study to find out the mode of action of this clinically successful
      treatment.

PMID- 183398
TI  - [Recurring juvenile digital fibromas. II. Ultrastructure].

PMID- 183399
TI  - [Myocardial infarct: in the hospital and after...].

PMID- 183400
TI  - Immunoglobulins under the influence of nonspecific factors. III. Immunoglobulins,
      pertussis antibodies and lysozyme in three child populations exposed to different
      air pollution.
AB  - The levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, lysozyme, agglutinins against B. pertussis and B.
      parapertussis were followed in the blood serum of 306 children 9--10 years old in
      3 areas of Central Bohemian region. In children dwelling in areas with more
      polluted air significantly higher levels of serum lysozyme and of parapertussis
      antibodies were found by the t-test. The distribution of these values shows
      significant differences between more polluted areas in comparison with lower
      pollution area also in Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The average levels of Ig
      approached statistically critical values but did not reach them, but significant
      differences in the distribution of values of IgG and IgA were shown by the F-test
      and chi2-test between lightly and heavily polluted areas. The values of
      immunological reactions in polluted areas were always higher than in the non
      polluted group. This provides evidence for a hypothesis about a stimulatory
      effect of polluted air on immunological mechanisms in child population. The
      higher values of IgM observed recently by other authors in women were shown in
      girls of 9--10 years.

PMID- 183401
TI  - Local and systemic opsonic adherent, hemagglutinating and rosette forming
      activity in mice induced by respiratory immunization with sheep red blood cells.
AB  - The humoral response in mice after intranasal (IN) instillation of sheep red
      blood cells (SRBC) was compared to that produced by intraperitoneal route of
      immunization. Study of opsonic adherent (passive indirect cytophilic) and
      hemagglutinating antibody levels in serum and bronchial washings after repeated
      challenge with SRBC showed that serum antibody titers following respiratory
      immunization does not differ from the general pattern of a humoral antibody
      response. The bronchial wash antibody titer was higher than the serum titer as
      calculated per globulin unit. In contrast, the appearance of measurable
      antibodies in the bronchial washings after repeated intraperitoneal immunization
      was delayed and in low titer. B. pertussis vaccine administered in conjunction
      with SRBC was found to be an excellent adjuvant in the intranasal route of
      immunization. A single administration of SRBC-Pertussis evoked a considerable
      adjuvant effect as measured by hemagglutinating and opsonic adherent tests.
      Monospecific anti-mouse IgG nullified the hemagglutinating and opsonic adherent
      activity of the bronchial washings, while monospecific anti-mouse IgM had no
      effect in either activity. Lung and spleen cells capable of forming rosettes with
      SRBC of intranasally immunized and control mice were counted. Mean response on
      day 14 was 6 X 10(3) rosetes per million lung lymphoid cells in comparison with
      less than 10(3) in control mice. No difference was found in the number of rosette
      forming cells in the spleen of control and intranasally immunized mice.

PMID- 183402
TI  - Identification of collagen-anticollagen immune complexes by collagenase
      digestion.
AB  - A method for the detection of collagen-anti-collagen immune complexes using
      collagenase of bacterial origin is described. Anti-collagen-titers are determined
      in passive haemagglutination before and after collagenase digestion of samples
      containing preformed immune complexes. An increase in anti-collagen titers
      following the enzymatic treatment suggests the presence of collagen-anti-collagen
      immune complexes. Both solbule and carrier-bound collagenase proved to be equally
      effective in the digestion of complex-bound collagen, if in vitro prepared
      collagen-anti-collagen complexes were investigated. Original titers of partially
      or totally inhibited antisera to collagen could be completely restored by this
      method.

PMID- 183403
TI  - Biological age of southern Chinese boys.

PMID- 183404
TI  - Indirect EPR evidence for the production of singlet oxygen in the
      photosensitization of nucleic acid constituents by proflavine.
AB  - EPR spectroscopy is used to analyse the influence of D2O and NaN3 on the free
      radicals induced in frozen aqueous solutions of 5'-thymidine monophosphate
      photosensitized (lambda greater than 320 nm) by proflavine at 205 K. The results
      can be explained if the production of singlet oxygen during the process is
      assumed.

PMID- 183405
TI  - Estimation by reassociation assay of viral DNA copies in three polyoma virus
      transformed cell lines.

PMID- 183406
TI  - Failure of inhibition of polyoma virus replication by distamycin A.

PMID- 183407
TI  - Formation of H-addition radicals in adenine derivatives.

PMID- 183408
TI  - Coupling factor adenosine-5'-triphosphatase from Rhodospirillum rubrum: a simple
      and rapid procedure for its purification.
AB  - When photosynthetic membranes from Rhodospirillum rubrum, devoid of loosely bound
      small molecules and proteins, were passed through a French-pressure cell, the
      enzyme adenosine-5'-triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3.) (ATPase) was released into the
      soluble fraction. The solubilized ATPase was purified to homogeneity. In many
      respects it behaved like the enzyme purified by other workers, but it also
      hydrolyzed Mg-ATP with a small, but significant rate. Furthermore, it was much
      more stable. Maximal restoration of photophosphorylation in ATPase-depleted
      membranes was achieved by addition of about 1 mg purified ATPase per mg
      bacteriochlorophyll. For reconstitution of NAD+-photoreduction, about half of
      this amount was saturating.

PMID- 183409
TI  - Synthesis and electron spin resonance study of spin-labelled compounds related to
      tumour-growth inhibitory nitroarylaziridines.
AB  - Three stable free radicals have been prepared which are akin to 5-aziridino-2,4
      dinitrobenzamide (CB 1954); these compounds all contain a nitroxide function. The
      metabolism and excretion of two such compounds in mice has been monitored by
      electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and compared with that of the simpler
      nitroxide, 4-keto-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino-1-oxyl (tempone).

PMID- 183410
TI  - MO calculations of some thymine radicals at the INDO level.
AB  - The results of MO INDO calculations of some thymine radicals are presented. These
      include as well as the hydrogen addition radicals the hydroxyl addition radicals
      to C5 and to C6 of the C5=C6 double bond of the thymine molecule. The radicals
      resulting from hydrogen abstraction from the methyl group and from the nitrogen
      N1 are also studied. Except for radicals where the main spin density is localized
      on nitrogen atoms, the agreement between experimental and theoretical couplings
      is satisfactory.

PMID- 183411
TI  - [Hidradenoma of the skin. Synoptic reveiw of syringeal hidradenoma, eccrine
      epithelioma and eccrine basalioma (author's transl)].
AB  - An ulcerating and sclerosing skin tumour on the temporal forehead region is
      described. Histologically the tumour is composed of different structures as
      cystic hidradenoma, syringoma, ductal hidradenoma and sclerres as cystic
      hidradenoma, syringoma, ductal hidradenoma and sclerosing basalioma arranged in
      layers. The tumour appears to be a distinct and diagnosable entity. It exists a
      major similarity to such tumours reported as syringeal hidradenoma, eccrine
      epithelioma or eccrine basalioma.

PMID- 183412
TI  - Vancomycin.

PMID- 183413
TI  - [Indications and technics for esophagoduodenostomy].
AB  - From 1961 to 1974 19 esophagoduodenostomies have been performed after total
      gastrectomy. One patient died postoperatively because of pulmonary embolism. The
      mean survival rate was 16,4 months. In far advanced gastric carcinomas an
      elongation and dilatation of the duodenum favours this kind of anastomosis. In
      low risk patients, in the aged and for palliative gastrectomy we suggest to prove
      the possibility for performing an esophagoduodenostomy.

PMID- 183414
TI  - [Arrhenoblastoma with following pregnancy].
AB  - The emergence, the morphology, the characteristic symptoms, the treatment and
      prognosis of a rare tumour of the ovary, arrhenoblastoma, is dealt with in this
      article. This is followed by the writer's own experience of the case of a 24 year
      old patient who had a normal pregnancy and birth 2 years after the existirpation
      of a tumour on the left side, which, having been detected by change, proved to be
      a non-malignant arrhenoblastoma. The symptoms of virilism so typical of the
      tumour had disappeared. The normal female characteristics had returned. The
      patient has now been free of symptoms for 10 years. In cases of increasing
      virilism differential diagnostics should consider the possibility of this rare
      tumour.

PMID- 183415
TI  - [Occurrence of herpes infections in dogs in the Federal Republic of Germany with
      a rapid neutralization test].

PMID- 183416
TI  - [Differentiation of antibodies against turkey herpesvirus and 2 serotypes of
      Marek's disease virus in the sera of farm chickens].

PMID- 183418
TI  - [Electrophoretic studies of foot-and-mouth disease virus subtypes A1-A5 from
      various sources using carrier-free zone electrophoresis in a glucose density
      gradient].

PMID- 183417
TI  - [Stability of Teschen, HCC, ND and vaccinia viruses against 5 disinfectants].

PMID- 183419
TI  - [TC marker of the attenuated vaccinia vaccide strain "MVA" in human cell cultures
      and protective immunization against orthopox diseases in animals].

PMID- 183422
TI  - [Structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus].

PMID- 183421
TI  - [Local interferon production in cattle after intranasal infection with avirulent
      IBR/IPV virus and its effect on a subsequent infection with foot-and-mouth
      disease virus].

PMID- 183420
TI  - [Aerosol vaccination against mousepox (infectious ectromelia) in comparison with
      other vaccination methods using vaccinia and mousepox vaccines].

PMID- 183424
TI  - Dynamics of nucleic acids and total proteins in the thymus and the bursa of
      Fabricius of chickens with Rous sarcoma.

PMID- 183423
TI  - [Etiology and clinical aspects of a viral keratoconjunctivitis in foals].

PMID- 183425
TI  - Studies on bovine leukaemia II. Haematological, serological, virological and
      electron microscopical diagnosis.

PMID- 183426
TI  - Effect of progesterone on formation of estrogen-induced intranuclear inclusions
      in mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil.

PMID- 183427
TI  - [Gas formation during cultivation of Cl. perfringens].

PMID- 183428
TI  - [Ultrastructure of B. pertussis using cryoultramicrotomy].
AB  - The authors pointed to a possibility of using the method of cryoultramicrotomy in
      studying the ultrastructure of Gram negative B. pertussis bacteria under the
      following conditions: a) fixationwith a 5% glutaraldehyde on cacodylate buffer
      (pH 7.5) for 30 min; b) replacement with a 30% dimethylsulfoxide in distilled
      water with a subsequent embedding of the material into tissue-tek; c) freezing in
      fluid nitrogen for 5 min; d) cutting at a temperature of -- 90% degrees C and at
      the temperature of glass knife of -- 40 degrees C, the knife angle of alpha = 45
      degrees, beta = 6 degrees, and the cutting velocity of 5 mm/sec; e) placing of
      sections on copper grates covered with a 0.1% moulding membrane; d) contrasting
      with a 2% phosphotungstic acid queous solution (pH 7.5) for 5 sec and with a 3%
      uranil acetate on water for 5 min. Use of the mentioned method pemitted to detect
      structures localized in B. pertussis cytoplasm and also to trace the dynamics of
      their formation.

PMID- 183429
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of antigenic peculiarities and several other
      properties of stable long-term cultures of salmonella L-forms].
AB  - Enzymatic properties, sensitivity to antibiotics and peculiarities of the
      antigenic structure of stable L-forms of S. paratyphi B (L-115), S. typhimurium
      (L-71a-16) and S. typhi (L-5761) were studied. In difference from the initial
      strains, the L-form under study possessed a high penicillin and ampicillin
      sensitivity, and also a marked sensitivity to polymyxin and detergents; this
      characterized them as L-forms of protoplastic type. All the L-variants differed
      considerably by the enzymatic properties from the initial strains, and, in the
      majority of cases, retained the antigenic components and the species-specificity
      characteristic of the initial parental cultures. Despite the loss of the cell
      wall the synthesis of O-antigen in the L-forms under study was undisturbed. The 6
      forms contained an antigenic component not found in the initial cultures and
      apparently causing the neutralizing activity of the L-antiser.

PMID- 183430
TI  - [Morphology of Halprowia (Chlamydia) isolated in Reiter's syndrome].
AB  - Morphology and ultrastructure of Halprowia arthritidis, strain SR-1 (HSR),
      isolated from the synovial fluid of a patient with Reiter's syndrome, was studied
      in the membranes of the yolk sacs of the developing chick embryos and the L-cell
      culture. In acridine orange staining for light and fluorescent microscopy there
      was revealed intracellular cytoplasmic inclusions containing HSR structures at
      various stages of its reproduction characteristic of halprowia (chlamydia). The
      direct immunofluorescent method demonstrated the presence of a characteristic HSR
      antigen not only in the developed inclusions, but also at the early stages of
      infection, when the morphological HSR structures could not be found by light
      microscopy. The ultrastructure of the HSR inclusions and forms in the cycle of
      development (of the initial  and elementary bodies) of the SR-1 strain was
      typical of other halprowia. A peculiar structure of a complex of cell wall and
      cytoplasmic membrane of the elementary body was described. Taking into
      consideration the biological characteristics of HSR revealed earlier it can be
      considered to be a typical representative of Halprowiales s. Chlamydiales. The
      data obtained on other halprowia, pointing out the fact that criteria of
      compactness and diffuseness of inclusions, the presence of absence of glycogen in
      the inclusions could not serve as taxonomic signs in classification of halrpowia,
      were confirmed on a model of the SR-1 studied.

PMID- 183431
TI  - [Discharge of myeloperoxidase from neutrophils during bacterial sorption].
AB  - A study was made of conditions and dynamics of discharge of myeloperoxidase (MPO)
      from rabbit neutrophils in case of encounter with staphylococci. The discharge
      began not later than 9--12 minutes after the administration of Staph. aureus into
      the neutrophil suspension, i. e. as early as the stage of bacterial sorption, and
      reached the maximum by the 30th minute. The contact of neutrophils with
      individual bacteria was an adequate signal for the beginning of the discharge.
      The greatest discharge was with the ratio of 5 bacteria per one neutrophil. The
      discharge was retarded when this ratio reached 80: 1. A hypothesis on the
      "avalanche" switchingon of the system of MPO discharge: a single bacteria
      injection mu/ml a discharge from an individual neutrophil of MPO and cation
      proteins; the latter switch on discharge from several other neutrophils, without
      any participation of bacteria. Cation proteins intensified the MPO discharge in
      the concentration of the 10--20 switch on. Biolgical significance of the
      phenomenon of early discharge of antibacterial factors no directed to the
      provision of phagocytosis is discussed.

PMID- 183432
TI  - Insulomas and multiple endocrine neoplasia.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients with insuloma diagnosed between 1959 and 1968 in Sweden
      were studied for neoplasia in other organs. Twenty-one patients had beta-cell
      islet tumors, 14 Zollinger-Ellison's syndrome and non-beta-cell islet tumors,
      while no endocrine activity was demonstrated in 43 patients. Of the last
      mentioned group, 9 patients had co-existing disease of other endocrine organs. In
      10 patients, non-endocrine organs were found to be affected by malignant
      diseases. It appears probable that the tissue of the pancreatic islets, like
      parathyroid tissue, can react with hyperplasia with a later development of
      adenoma, secondary to tumors in other organs.

PMID- 183433
TI  - The unique cytologic picture of oat cell carcinoma in effusions.
AB  - Characteristic and unique patterns of the tumor cell population in pleural
      effusions in oat cell carcinoma have been described in detail. This pattern is
      constituted by rows of tumor cells or cell layers forming "vertebrae like"
      figures and "onion like" formations. A distinct pattern of this kind was only
      found in oat cell carcinoma. A distinct "oat cell carcinoma pattern" was also
      found in one quarter of the patients in a series of oat cell cancer with
      cytologic analysis of sputum. This fact may be of importance for the accurate
      typing of small cell undifferentiated cancer in sputum and bronchial secretions.
      Identical formations were also found in a histologic series of oat cell cancer.
      The study indicates that in small cell carcinoma of the lung it is possible by
      cytologic analysis of positive effusions not only to make a diagnosis of
      carcinoma, but also to confirm the histologic type and, thus, the origin of the
      tumor.

PMID- 183434
TI  - Cytologic differential diagnosis of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma and
      bronchogenic adenocarcinoma.
AB  - In order to estimate the possibility of a cytologic differential diagnosis of
      bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma and bronchogenic adenocarcinoma, 121 histologically
      proven cases of these two types of lung cancer were studied. Certain features of
      the tumor cells were used as differential diagnostic parameters. By means of
      these features it was possible to correctly type 90% of the bronchiolo-alveolar
      carcinomas and 72% of the bronchogenic adenocarcinomas. The most striking
      characteristics of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma was the uniformity of cells, the
      occurrence of such cells in tightly packed clusters, the absence of prominent
      nucleoli and also the scarcity of single tumor cells. Thus, it seems possible to
      make a correct cytologic differential diagnosis between these two types of lung
      tumors with high accuracy.

PMID- 183435
TI  - Evaluation of needle aspirates and tissue sections as prognostic factors in
      mammary carcinoma.
AB  - The prognostic influence in operable mammary carcinoma of morphologic predictors
      evaluated in smears of needle-biopsy aspirate and in tissue sections and of
      clinical stage was investigated. Size of nuclei in smears of aspirate was found
      to convey prognostic information of the same order of importance as the variables
      tubule information and mitotic frequency in tissue sections. The combination of
      clinical stage with variables in smears  and in sections enhanced the explanatory
      value.

PMID- 183436
TI  - Oncornavirus-like particles in biopsy material from a glandular erosion of the
      human uterine cervix.
AB  - Virus-like particles have been detected electron microscopically in biopsy
      material from a glandular erosion of the human uterine cervix. Morphologically,
      the particles resemble immature and mature type C virus particles. The
      significance of the oncornavirus-like structures remains unknown.

PMID- 183437
TI  - Pulmonary blastoma: cytopathologic and histopathologic findings.
AB  - A case of pulmonary blastoma has been presented with a description of the
      pulmonary cytology and review of the literature. Recognition of the two cell
      patterns of the tumor, carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, in the cytologic
      specimen may lead one to the correct diagnosis of a mixed tumor. Ferruginous
      bodies and microliths were also associated in this case.

PMID- 183438
TI  - [Enzymatic aspects of the mitochondria of Xenopus laevis oocytes].

PMID- 183439
TI  - [Extra- and intra-mitochondrial distribution of respiratory enzymes in oocytes of
      Xenopus laevis].

PMID- 183441
TI  - Different effects of exogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate and its dibutryl
      derivative on plasma growth hormone, glucose, insulin and cortisol.
AB  - The effects of the infusion in four different dosages (0.001, 0.005, 0.02 and 0.2
      mg/kg/min during 60 min) of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and of its
      dibutyryl derivative on plasma growth hormone and on glucose, immunoreactive
      insulin and cortisol were studied in 38 normal subjects and in 10 patients with
      idiopathic hypopituitarism. In normal subjects cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
      monophosphate provokes an increase in plasma growth hormone levels (only when a
      dosage of 0.2 mg/kg/min is used) without any changes in plasma glucose, insulin
      and cortisol. The maximal value of the means is observed 75 min after starting
      the infusion. Dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (0.2 and 0.02
      mg/kg/min) provokes a dose-related rise in plasma growth hormone levels which is
      always preceded by hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. The peak of the mean
      growth hormone levels occurs at 135 min after initiation of the infusion. In all
      but one hypopituitary patients the nucleotides do not promote growth hormone
      secretion. It is concluded that exogenous cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate
      and its dibutyryl derivative may not be considered as analogous and that both
      compounds may contribute to study growth hormone release in normal subjects and
      in patients with growth abnormalities.

PMID- 183440
TI  - Phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase activity of chick-embryo adrenals,
      cultivated in vitro, and the action of corticoids and ACTH.

PMID- 183443
TI  - Comparison of circulating glycoprotein hormones and their subunits in patients
      with oat cell carcinoma of the lung and uraemic patients on chronic dialysis.
AB  - It has recently been suggested that the measurement of the glycoprotein hormones
      and their subunits in human serum may serve as biochemical markers of non
      endocrine tumours. Using radioimmunoassays for LH, FSH, HCGbeta-, LHbeta- and the
      common alpha-subunit, significant differences in the levels of these substances
      could not be detected between patients with oat cell lung tumours and patients
      with chronic renal failure. However, compared to normal subjects the alpha
      subunit levels in serum were elevated in 12% of the male and 30% of the female
      patients with oat cell carcinoma of the lund and in 80 and 50% of the male and
      female patients, respectively, with chronic renal failure. The LHbeta-subunit
      concentration was normal in all tumour patients and none of these patients had
      detectable (less than 4 ng/ml) levels of HCGbeta-subunit. While such measurements
      may be of value in relationship to particular neoplasms, it appears that raised
      levels of glycoproteins and their subunits may be found in other disease states.

PMID- 183442
TI  - Demonstration of a pituitary gonadotrophin hormone activity in the male foetal
      mouse.
AB  - The testosterone production by 18-days-old foetal mouse testis was measured in an
      organ culture system, by RIA in the culture medium. This production was time
      dependent, and could be stimulated by ovine LH and age-matched foetal pituitary.
      The gonadotrophin activity derived from foetal pituitary appeared to be released
      into the culture medium as a limited reserve. These data clearly show that a
      biologically active gonadotrophin material is present in the pituitary of the 18
      days-old mouse foetus.

PMID- 183444
TI  - Pituitary-thyroid interrelationship in rats exposed to different environmental
      temperatures.
AB  - The present work intended to show interrelationships between triiodothyronine
      (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and cyclic adenosine 3'5'
      monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in both the pituitary and the thyroid. Experiments
      were carried out on animals exposed to 0 and 37 degrees C for 4 days and to 34
      degrees C for 21 days. Control animals were maintained at 22 degrees C. T4 serum
      levels of 2.6, 4.0 1.1 and 0.42 mug/100 ml serum, and T3 levels of 95, 135, 65
      and 36 ng/100 ml serum were recorded at 22, 0, 34 and 37 degrees C, respectively.
      The observed serum TSH levels were 265, 192, 237 and 182 mug/100 ml serum in rats
      exposed to 22, 0, 34 and 37 degrees C, respectively. Pituitary TSH content was
      similar at 22, 0 and 34 degrees C whereas the content in the 37 degrees C exposed
      rats was twice that of controls. Thyroid cyclic AMP levels were not significantly
      different among the various experimental groups. The content of cyclic AMP in the
      pituitary was higher at 34 degrees C by 125% and 37 degrees C by 240%, and lower
      at 0 degress C by 56% with regard to the control. These results suggest that the
      0 and 34 degrees C exposed rats reach a new steady state in the control of
      thyroid hormones secretion rate. However, at 37 degrees C, the TSH-Thyroxine
      interrelationships seem to break down.

PMID- 183445
TI  - Studies on the role of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate in platelet functions
      with special reference to aggregation and serotonin release of human blood
      platelets.

PMID- 183446
TI  - Comparison of the effect of compound RA233 and bencyclane on platelet functions-
      with special reference to the effect on C-AMP metabolism.

PMID- 183448
TI  - [Functional morphology of the theca interna of the vesicular follicle in human
      ovary].
AB  - A study of histological serial sections of human ovaries and histochemical
      reactions established that several cell types differentiate in the theca interna
      during the formation and development of tertiary follicles (2nd growth period).
      This leads, in turn, to triple-layering of the theca interna in follicles of the
      2nd resting period. The inner thecal layer consists of fusiform cells from the
      basement membrane, which are apposed to the membrana granulosa and show a strong
      positive reaction to alkaline phosphatases. A tropic function for the follicular
      epithelium must be assigned to this layer. The middle layer consists of
      epitheloid thecal cells, which show a strong positive reaction to 3beta-ol
      steroid hydrogenase. These represent the estrogen glands of the follicle. The
      outer layer of the theca interna, whose transition to the theca externa is
      indistinct, also has fusiform cells, which are available as reserve material for
      the differentiation of further epitheloid thecal cells to pre-ovulatory follicles
      in later periods of development.

PMID- 183447
TI  - Cells of the adenohypophysis of the mink (Mustela vison) identified by
      immunohistochemical and functional criteria.
AB  - Six cell types were described in the adenohypophysis of the mink, and a putative
      function was assigned to each type. These cells are the two types of
      gonadotrophic cells, a thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) cell, a somatotrophic (STH)
      cell, a prolactin (PRL) cell and a corticotrophin-producing (ACTH) cell.
      Gonadotrophic cells were identified by an immunolocalization technique using
      antisera to ovine LH. TSH cells and ACTH cells were identified by ablation of
      respective target organs and observation of the subsequent hypertrophic cells in
      the pituitary, as well as comparison with published descriptions in other
      species. STH cells were identified by comparison with published reports. PRL
      cells were observed in lactating animals and animals in lactational withdrawal.

PMID- 183449
TI  - Histochemistry of normal and diseased human lymph nodes.
AB  - Gomori's metal precipitate technique was used to demonstrate the phosphatase
      activity of the human cervical lymph node in health and disease, using four
      different phosphate esters (sodium beta-glycerophosphate and adenosine
      triphosphate at pH 9, riboflavin 5'-phosphate at pH 9.2 and 5'-monophosphoric
      acid at pH 8.3). In fetal lymph nodes, using 5'-monophosphoric acid, an
      outstanding positive activity was noticed in the lymphatic follicles. With the
      other three substrates there was either no nodular reaction or just a narrow rim
      of positive activity around the follicles, the internodular tissue being negative
      with all four substrates used. With chronic non-specific lymphadenitis the enzyme
      hydrolysing the three substrates (beta-glycerophosphate, riboflavin 5'-phosphate
      and adenosine triphosphate) began to make their appearance. It seems that with
      lymphadenitis, a qualitative change of the phosphatase activity takes place. A
      special characteristic pattern of phosphatase activity has been described in both
      'early' and 'caseating' tuberculous lymphadenitis. In malignant lymphomas it was
      noticed that no activity was encountered with any of the four substrates in
      reticulum cell sarcoma. However, in lymphosarcoma a positive activity was
      obtained when either beta-glycerophosphate or adenosine triphosphate substrates
      was used, to the extent that one can depend upon this characteristic phosphatase
      activity in differentiating between reticulum cell sarcoma and lymphosarcoma.
      However, no enzymatic activity was obtained when the other two phosphate esters
      were used.

PMID- 183450
TI  - [Influence of immobilization on spermatogenesis].
AB  - The author investigated the influence of immobilization stress on spermiogenesis
      in rats. After 96 h immobilization, histological changes began to manifest in the
      form of a practically complete disappearance of the cell population of the wall
      of seminiferous tubule as well as a markedly increased number of cells with
      pathologic mitoses. Enzymological investigations have shown in particular groups
      (24, 48 and 96 h immobilization) various changes of activity (of acid and
      alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and glucose-6-phosphatase) which,
      after temporary negativity, became positive again in the last group.

PMID- 183451
TI  - [Infantile generalized ceroid-Lipofuscinosis (type Hagberg-Santavuori). A new
      case and a retrospective study of two observations (author's transl)].
AB  - Three post mortem studies of cases of infantile generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis
      are reported: two of them were published under other classifications but our
      retrospective study warrants their inclusion in the infantile group of ceroid
      lipofuscinosis. The children died at the respective ages of 4, 5 8/12 and 8 years
      and this allows interesting morphological comparisons: 1 degree there is an
      increasingly severe loss of cortical neurons, of Purkinje cells and of neurons in
      the griseum pontis with age. Intracytoplasmic inclusions mainly of a granular
      osmiophilic nature were found in all other neurons and glial cells; 2 degrees the
      involvement of the visceral organs is especially striking and permits an easier
      diagnosis under light microscopy, unlike the late infantile and juvenile forms of
      ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Electron microscopy supports the observation by Anzil et
      al. (1975) concerning the relative pleiomorphism of the inclusions; 3 degree the
      diffuse accumulation of inclusions in the skin and its appendages ensures a rapid
      diagnosis by skin biopsy.

PMID- 183452
TI  - Electromyographic changes in automechanics with increased heavy metal levels.
AB  - Twenty automechanics possessing increased whole blood values of one or more of
      the following heavy metals; chromium, copper, lead, manganese and nickel, were
      studied for peripheral nerve affection by means of electromyography (both
      sensoric and motoric nerve potentials were recorded). The heavy metal contents
      were related to the findings of denervation, distal motor latency, distal sensory
      latency, motoric and sensoric conduction velocities. Apart from two workers, in
      whom only lead was assayed, the remaining group of 18 were assayed for all heavy
      metals under study. Six workers showed increased distal motor and/or sensory
      latency and seven decreased nerve conduction velocity (four motoric and three
      sensoric affections). Of the workers with nerve affection, three showed increased
      levels of lead (nickel and chromium also raised). Four workers showed increased
      lead, nickel and chromium and one of lead, chromium and manganese. All in all, 10
      out of 20 workers (50 percent) with elevated lead levels showed definite signs of
      peripheral neuropathy and seven out of 14 with raised nickel values showed these
      signs but they could all be accounted for by the increased lead levels. All
      except seven workers with raised lead levels in the whole group showed values
      above the critical limit of 80.0 mug/100 ml in whole blood. The data argue for
      the highly toxic effect of lead and other heavy metals on the peripheral nervous
      system and stress the diverse toxic exposure which automechanics undergo during
      their work. The possibility of there being a synergistic action between heavy
      metals and components of mineral oil and petroleum is discussed.

PMID- 183454
TI  - Ultrastructural study of so-called curvilinear bodies and fingerprint structures
      in lymphocytes in late-infantile amaurotic idiocy.
AB  - Peripheral lymphocytes of 6 patients with late-infantile amaurotic idiocy were
      examined with the electron microscope for the occurrence of curvilinear bodies
      and fingerprint structures. In 3 of the patients predominantly curvilinear bodies
      were found; in 1 case they contained some fingerprint profiles. In the remaining
      3 patients curvilinear bodies were relatively scarce, whereas fingerprint
      structures prevailed. Moreover, pleomorphic bodies with rectilinear profiles and
      parallel tubular inclusion bodies were present. No lymphocytes with vacuoles were
      observed in any of the patients. The sural nerve biopsies of all patients
      revealed curvilinear bodies. This tissue consequently may be considered to give
      more reliable information in comparison with the lymphocyte. The likelihood of
      transition of one type inclusion body into another, the specificity of the
      curvilinear body and, to our mind, the rigid classification of the amaurotic
      idiocy into a curvilinear and a fingerprint type, are discussed.

PMID- 183453
TI  - Anterior horn cell changes in a case of neurolathyrism.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic studies were made of the anterior horn cells in a
      case of neurolathyrism. Eosinophilic inclusions were observed at the light
      microscopic level. Fine structural study revealed the presence of two types of
      cytoplasmic inclusions. The first were aggregates of filaments, approximately 80
      100 A in width, arranged in small bundles. The second were crystalloid structures
      composed of elongated elements, about 800 A wide, with hexagonal cross sections.
      The relationship to each other and the significance of these inclusions are
      unknown.

PMID- 183455
TI  - Prematurity and the eye. Ophthalmic 10-year follow-up of children of low and
      normal birth weight.

PMID- 183456
TI  - V. a new method for the assessment of skeletal maturity- the mat- method (mean
      appearance time of bone stages).
AB  - By means of probit analysis of the age at the appearance of the various bone
      stages according to Tanner-Whitehouse and using a logarithmic time concept
      (logarithmic conceptional age), a new approach to the evaluation of skeletal
      maturity has been elaborated. The maturity score of each bone stage corresponds
      to th4 mean maturity level of the observation of being within each stage. The
      individual maturity level is calculated by averaging the maturity scores of the
      stages of the various bones and is then evaluated is standard deviation scores by
      comparing with teh Gaussian fitted distribution of averages maturity scores of
      the age of the child examined. Special conditions apply for the scoring of a
      first and a last bone stage in a sequence, which will introduce less bias in the
      estimation of individual skeletal maturity with the MAT-method than with the TW
      method. Ossification during early infancy can be evaluated and sequence
      polymorphism be detected by using the bone stage chart of the MAT-method.

PMID- 183457
TI  - IV. skeletal development from birth to 7 years.
AB  - The skeletal development of 212 randomly selected Swedish urban children has been
      investigated as part of a prospective longitudinal study of growth and
      development. Radiograms of the hand and wrist were taken at specified ages. Up to
      the age of seven years 2.191 radiograms were assessed. When comparing the timing
      of the first ossification of the various bones in the present study and an older
      Swedish investigation a secular trend was found. In contrast to a North-American
      growth study, there was a striking similarity of the pattern of the first
      ossification in the two Swedish investigations for both sexes separately.
      However, the relative sex differences of the ossification were quite similar in
      the North-American growth study and the present investigation. In comparison with
      British children the skeletal development of Swedish children was advanced at all
      ages, the advancement being greater for epiphyseal bones than for carpal bones.

PMID- 183458
TI  - Tumor growth of the reticuloendothelial system.
AB  - From the author's hitherto studies on the reticuloendothelial system (RES) it was
      concluded that the RES is not a single cell system of identical origin,
      morphology and function but is a group of several types of cells of different
      origin. From this point of view the heterogeneity of tumors of the RES was
      studied to reveal the following results. Tumors of the "Reticuloendothel"
      (Aschoff) reveal pictures of endothelioma, while tumors of histiocytes in
      connective tissue show findings of fibrohistiocytoma. Histiocytes and reticulum
      cells of lymph nodes are respectively independent cells, and reticulum cells do
      not partake in the in the development of histiocytosis or histiocytic sarcoma.
      Follicular lymphoma is a neoplastic growth of reticulum cells having desmosomes
      in lymph follicles, and tumor cells of the majority of reticulum cell sarcoma are
      similar to the cells forming the lymph node anlage in the early fetal stage
      (lymphoreticular cell). Ewing's sarcoma is considered to be a kind of
      angiopericytoma.

PMID- 183459
TI  - Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone.
AB  - Existence of an entity called malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone was
      emphasized, based on two of our own cases experienced recently and on previous
      reports related to this tumor. Histologically the tumor resembles markedly the
      malignant fibrous histiocytoma originating in the soft part. In addition, an
      attempt was made to clarify its biological behavior, histological
      subclassification and criteria to be malignant and differential diagnoses from
      several other bone diseases which sometimes mimic this malignant bone tumor.

PMID- 183460
TI  - The inability of a diabetogenic virus to induce diabetes mellitus in athymic
      (nude) mice.
AB  - The effect of a known diabetogenic M-strain encephalomyocarditis (EMC)-virus in
      athymic nude mice (lacking the thymus-dependent lymphocyte system), and in
      heteroxygous littermates and homozygous normal mice of the background strain
      (C57/B16) was investigated. While by 3 weeks 4 out of 4 surviving virus
      inoculated littermates and 9 out of 9 inoculated normal mice developed diabetes
      mellitus, none of the 7 surviving virus-inoculated nude mice became diabetic.
      Virus was isolated from all inoculated animals, including non-diabetic nude mice.
      It is concluded that it is the response of the thymus-dependent lymphocyte system
      evoked by the virus rather than the virus itself that leads to damage to the
      insulin producing cell.

PMID- 183461
TI  - The effect of lithium on unstimulated and glucagon-stimulated urinary cycle AMP
      excretion in rat and man.

PMID- 183462
TI  - Clofibrate in type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - As a part of a double-blind randomized study, the safety and the lipid- and uric
      acid-lowering effect of clofibrate have been evaluated in 28 patients with type
      II hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). A highly significant reduction of serum
      cholesterol occurred in type IIa and of serum triglyceride and choelsterol in
      type IIb HLP throughout the 60-week observation period (p less than 0.01). Of the
      patients with types IIa and IIb HLP, 65% had at least a 25% reduction of serum
      cholesterol. Uric acid was significantly reduced only during the first period of
      treatment (p less than 0.05). In the laboratory measurements concerning safety, a
      persistent, slight reduction was observed in Hb, hematocrit and alkaline
      phosphatase. No significant clinical side-effects were noted. Clofibrate is
      considered effective as a lipid-lowering agent in many cases of type II HLP.

PMID- 183464
TI  - [Glomic tumors and hemangiopericytoma].

PMID- 183465
TI  - Iron-sulfur proteins, the most numerous and most diversified components of the
      mitochondrial electron transfer system.

PMID- 183463
TI  - Selective removal of hypersecreting pituitary adenomas? An analysis of endocrine
      function, operative and microscopical findings in 101 cases.
AB  - The aim of this study of 101 pre- and postoperatively controlled hypersecreting
      pituitary adenomas (80 acromegalies, 15 Cushing's diseases, 6 Nelson's syndromes)
      was to establish in what cases a selective adenoma extirpation by the transnasal
      route is possible and advisable. In primary operations on acromegalics with small
      and medium size tumours 92% were postoperatively GH normal. Eighty five per cent
      of these had intact pituitary function. The results with larger tumours were
      worse (72%). During a control period of 1.5-5.5 years a renewed elevation of GH
      levels was observed in three cases, all in the first year, but never after
      clearly selective adenomectomy. These results, and the anterior lobe biopsies,
      which showed no GH cell hyperplasia, favour selective adenoma extirpation. In
      contrast to acromegaly, nodular ACTH cell hyperplasia in the anterior lobe was
      found in most cases of Cushing's disease, and therefore complete hypophysectomy
      was performed. The cortisol levels became either normal or, in most cases, lower
      than normal. A selective operation was performed on 6 Nelson tumors. The ACTH
      values became normal in about 50% of the patients but there was a tendency
      towards recurrence. Our experiences with Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome
      lead us to recommend total hypophysectomy.

PMID- 183466
TI  - Factors controlling the turnover number of succinate dehydrogenase: a new look at
      an old problem.

PMID- 183468
TI  - Heme a and copper environments in cytochrome oxidase.

PMID- 183467
TI  - Biochemical and EPR probes for structure-function studies of iron sulfur centers
      of succinate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 183469
TI  - Heme interactions in Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase.

PMID- 183470
TI  - Purification and properties of cytochrome P-450 from adrenocortical mitochondria
      and its interaction with adrenodoxin.

PMID- 183471
TI  - On the participation of cytochrome P-450 in the mechanism of prevention of
      hepatic carcinogenesis.

PMID- 183472
TI  - Model system studies of axial ligation in the oxidized reaction states of
      cytochrome P-450 enzymes.

PMID- 183473
TI  - Studies on bovine adrenal ferredoxin.

PMID- 183474
TI  - On the prosthetic groups of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas:
      evidence for noninvolvement of copper in the reaction.
AB  - The amounts of copper present in highly purified preparations of L-tryptophan 2,3
      dioxygenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens have been shown to be negligible by six
      different methods of copper determination. It has also been demonstrated that,
      during the purification, the heme content of enzyme preparations increased in
      parallel with the specific enzyme activity, whereas that of copper decreased.
      These results, together with the finding that the inhibitory effects of copper
      chelators on the enzyme could be attributable to some other action of these
      chemicals rather than to their chelating properties, indicate that copper is not
      an essential component of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase.

PMID- 183475
TI  - The search for copper in L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases.

PMID- 183477
TI  - Some insight into intramolecular electron transfer of an adrenodoxin molecule.

PMID- 183476
TI  - Recent studies on copper containing oxidases.

PMID- 183478
TI  - Binuclear copper clusters as active sites for oxidases.
AB  - Binuclear cupric ion clusters have been established in: human ceruloplasmin,
      hemocyanin, and mushroom tyrosinase. Substantial evidence makes it very probable
      that fungal laccase and zucchini ascorbate oxidase contain this cluster. Some
      evidence makes it possible that copper clusters function in the catalytic cycles
      of cytochrome oxidase (mammalian) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. These studies
      throw light on the criteria which must be employed to establish the existence of
      functional binuclear copper clusters in enzymes: (1) Stoichiometric Criteria:
      binding of O2 and CO with Cu/ligand = 2; redox titrations with n = 2; (2)
      Physical and Chemical Criteria: magnetic evidence of diminished paramagnetism of
      cupric centers, EPR evidence of broadened or absent absorptions, EPR evidence of
      magnetic dipolar interactions among cupric ions; absorption bands characteristic
      of Cu(II)-Cu(II) complexes; laser resonance raman scattering characteristic of
      peroxidic dioxygen in the oxyforms.

PMID- 183479
TI  - An interesting reaction of cupric ions with ferricyanide and ferrocyanide.

PMID- 183480
TI  - The involvement of superoxide and trivalent copper in the galactose oxidase
      reaction.

PMID- 183481
TI  - The biological role of ceruloplasmin and its oxidase activity.
AB  - Ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase) the blue Cu-protein of vertebrate plasma, possesses
      significant oxidase activity towards Fe(II) and numerous aromatic amines and
      phenols. Its ferroxidase activity has led to the discovery that it is a molecular
      link between copper and iron metabolism. Ceruloplasmin mobilizes iron into the
      plasma from iron storage cells in the liver. An additional role of Cp may be as a
      contributor to the regulation of the balance of biogenic amines through its
      oxidase action on the epinephrine and the hydroxyindole series. Ceruloplasmin
      also serves as a major copper transport vehicle, comparable to transferrin for
      iron. Evidence is presented that the copper atoms of Cp are a prerequisite for
      copper utilization in the biosynthesis of cytochrome oxidase. The ability of Cp
      to release copper at specific cellular sites is believed to be related to its
      broad substrate spectrum of biological reducing agents. Thus Cp is a serum
      protein with several important functions, all of which are directly related to
      its oxidase activity.

PMID- 183482
TI  - Iron- and manganese-containing superoxide dismutases: structure, distribution,
      and evolutionary relationships.

PMID- 183483
TI  - The iron-sulfur centers and the function of hydrogenase from Clostridium
      pasteurianum.
AB  - Hydrogenase from C. pasteurianum is an iron-sulfur protein containing at least
      two tetrameric iron-sulfur centers. Information on the structure of the remaining
      iron atoms must await future investigation. Although the EPR spectra of
      dithionite-reduced hydrogenase and eight-iron Fd showed some similarity, the CD
      spectra clearly indicated a difference. The tetrameric iron-sulfur centers of
      hydrogenase were shown to undergo redox changes when hydrogenase was oxidized or
      reduced. However, no evidence is now available to support a role for the
      tetrameric Fe-S centers, responsible for the EPR spectrum A, as the primary site
      for H2 binding and activation. Because we have found that the [Fe4S4(SR)4]
      containing ferredoxins do not have hydrogenase activity, it is conceivable that
      the additional iron atoms and/or certain amino acid residues of hydrogenase also
      contribute to the unique catalytic properties of this enzyme. Chemical synthesis
      of Fe-S clusters with different peptide environments and with hydrogenase
      function would lead to the identification of these functional groups. X-ray
      diffraction studies on hydrogenase will certainly complement the other
      approaches. Knowledge of the structure of the active site of hydrogenase will
      certainly accelerate research into: (1) the synthesis of a stable catalyst to
      replace hydrogenase in systems designed to produce H2 by coupling this catalyst
      to a photoreducing system; and (2) the elucidation of the active sites of more
      complicated iron-sulfur enzymes such as nitrogenase.

PMID- 183484
TI  - Studies on histamine-retaining granules obtained from isolated rat mast cells.
AB  - Histamine-retaining granules were isolated from rat mast cells after sonication
      in either sucrose of Ficoll-Hypaque media. The preparations obtained were
      compared in regard to recovery and spontaneous loss of histamine. The effect of
      agents known to release histamine from intact rat mast cells (antigen, compound
      48/80, decylamine, the ionophores A23187 and X537A as well as ATP) was studied on
      the granules. Antigen and compound 48/80 did not release histamine. Decylamine
      and X537A induced a pronounced release independent of the presence of divalent
      cations. ATP caused a small, but significant release, which showed an absolute
      requirement for magnesium. A23187 released histamine only in the presence of
      either calcium or magnesium, and this release was unaffected by certain agents
      known to inhibit histamine release from intact rat mast cells. The results seem
      to exclude the possibility that agents known to induce release of histamine from
      intact rat mast cells by a calcium-and energy-dependent process would exert this
      action through a direct effect on intracellularly localized granules.

PMID- 183485
TI  - Pyophosphate-induced inflammation: an in vivo study of the interrelationship of
      intracellular cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.
AB  - The changes in leucocyte concentrations of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were
      monitored during pyrophosphate-induced pleurisy in rats. A classical 'Yin Yang'
      relationship was demonstrated.

PMID- 183486
TI  - Correlation of pulmonary structure with pharmacokinetic function.

PMID- 183487
TI  - Role of hormones in pulmonary maturation and metabolism of steroids by fetal
      lung.

PMID- 183488
TI  - Biological and biochemical properties of angiotensin-converting enzyme.

PMID- 183489
TI  - Converting enzyme inhibition and blood pressure regulation.

PMID- 183491
TI  - The neurologic complications of alcoholism.
AB  - Neurologic complications may appear before the primary disease, alcoholism, is
      recognized. The common syndromes are polyneuropathy, the withdrawal syndrome and
      the combination of Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis. Other
      conspicuous clinical pictures include ataxia of cerebellar origin, convulsions,
      acute hallucinosis, myopathy and coma. Rarer disorders are Marchiafava-Bignami
      disease and central pontine myelinolysis.

PMID- 183490
TI  - Aspects of release of pharmacologically active substances from the lungs by
      chemical stimuli.

PMID- 183492
TI  - Effects of ethanol on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism.
AB  - The effects of ethanol on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and on the
      fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids were studied in three patients
      with ethanol-induced hyperlipidemia and in four normolipidemic men. In the three
      patients, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were much higher
      with ethanol than during periods when ethanol was isocalorically substituted with
      either carbohydrate or both fat and carbohydrate. In the normolipidemic subjects,
      plasma lipids especially in very low density lipoproteins, were higher with
      ethanol consumption only in comparison with a balanced diet but not when compared
      with carbohydrate-rich diets. Triglyceride enrichment of low density lipoproteins
      occurred uniformly with ethanol. Total sterol excretion, measured by isotope
      dilution and chemical assay, was similar during ethanol and control periods in
      two out of the three hyperlipidemic subjects. However, the proportion of bile
      acids was increased in all three hyperlipidemic subjects but in only one
      normolipidemic subject while on ethanol. Since cholesterol turnover did not
      appear to be necessarily influenced by ethanol, as judged either by total
      endogenous sterol excretion or from the slope of the plasma cholesterol specific
      radioactivity-time curve, the ethanol-induced increase in bile acid excretion amy
      not be analogous to other clinical disorders in which increased bile acid
      excretion and hypertriglyceridemia are associated with raised sterol production.

PMID- 183493
TI  - Mechanism and site of small intestinal uptake of vitamin D3 in pharmacological
      concentrations.
AB  - The site and mechanism of initial uptake of 1,2-3H vitamin D3 pharmacological
      concentrations was investigated using everted rat small bowel sacs incubated in a
      micellar medium. The mean +/- SE uptake rates of the vitamin at 300 muM
      incubation solution concentration by proximal, medial, and distal small bowel
      segments were 6.7 +/- 0.26, 7.8 +/- 0.54, and 3.3 +/- 0.20 nmole/min/100 mg
      tissue, respectively. Incubation with the addition of 10(-3) M 2,4-dinitrophenol,
      or 10(-3) M KCN, or under nitrogen atmosphere did not change (P greater than
      0.05) the above rates of absorption. Incremental increases in the concentration
      of vitamin D in the incubation medium up to 1200 muM resulted in a linear
      increase in the uptake rate indicating lack of saturation kinetics. In all the
      above experiments, greater rate of uptake of the vitamin occurred in the proximal
      and medial small bowel than the distal small bowel (P less than 0.01). The above
      experiments indicate that vitamin D3 in this range of concentrations is taken up
      by enterocytes by a nonsaturable passive diffusion mechanism showing no evidence
      for carrier mediation. The rate of intestinal uptake is highest in the proximal
      and medial segments of the small bowel.

PMID- 183495
TI  - Pseudohomozygous and pseudoheterozygous type II hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - A 4-year-old boy had typical features of homozygous type II hyperlipoproteinemia
      with planar xanthomas, a plasma cholesterol level greater than 600 mg/dl, and an
      estimated beta-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration greater than 500 mg/dl. Both
      he and his sister, who had the biochemical features of the heterozygous state,
      responded unusually well to a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol content.
      These features, combined with the finding of normocholesterolemic parents, are
      highly suggestive of a newly described syndrome. pseudohomozygous type II
      hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 183494
TI  - Improvement in jejunal enzyme adaptation in obese adult-onset diabetic patients
      following a 30-day fast.
AB  - The adaptive responses of gastrointestinal enzymes, glucose tolerance, and plasma
      insulin to diet, folic acid, and insulin of five obese adult-onset diabetic
      patients were studied before and after a 30-day fast. Their data were compared to
      the adaptive responses of gastrointestinal enzymes to diet, folic acid, and
      insulin of 15 normal male volunteer subjects, ages 18 to 24. Each group during
      each testing period received a carbohydrate diet (50% calories as carbohydrate
      consisting of 1/2 glucose and 1/2 fructose) and a noncarbohydrate diet (70% of
      calories as corn oil and 30% as sodium caseinate) each without and with folic
      acid (5 mg three times per day). The effect of insulin was studied only on the
      carbohydrate diet plus folic acid. Our data demonstrate that obese adult-onset
      diabetic patients have an impaired adaptive response of jejunal carbohydrate
      metabolizing enzyme activities (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, fructose-1-6
      diphosphate aldolase, fructosediphosphatase) to dietary carbohydrate, oral folic
      acid, and insulin when compared to normal subjects and nondiabetic obese
      patients. Following a 30-day fast, the obese diabetic patients showed an
      improvement in glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and the adaptive response of
      the jejunal carbohydrate-metabolizing enzyme activities to dietary carbohydrate,
      folic acid, and insulin. The greatest improvement in the adaptive response of the
      jejunal enzyme activities occurred on the carbohydrate diet.

PMID- 183496
TI  - Bile acid stimulation of colonic adenylate cyclase and secretion in the rabbit.

PMID- 183497
TI  - Solitary small hepatocellular carcinoma.

PMID- 183498
TI  - Effects of 13-nle-motilin on salivary, gastric, and pancreatic secretions in man.
AB  - Salivary, gastric, and pancreatic secretory responses to intravenous 13
      norleucine-motilin (13-nle-motilin), a synthetic analog of motilin and
      biologically equivalent to the natural polypeptide, were studied in healthy
      volunteers. 13-nle-Motilin in doses of 100 ng/kg body wt/hr significantly
      stimulated gastric pepsin output, while H + secretion and serum gastrin levels
      remained unchanged. Enhanced pepsin secretion was not accompanied by an increase
      in gastric secretion of cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate, nor did gastric
      mucosal levels of the cyclic nucleotide rise. A dose of 13-nle-motilin, which
      stimulated gastric pepsin output, did not exert any significant effect on
      salivary and pancreatic secretions.

PMID- 183499
TI  - Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia in compromised hosts.
AB  - Sixteen patients with cytomegalovirus pulmonary infection are described. In 11
      the diagnosis was made antemortem by lung aspirate or biopsy, and in five the
      diagnosis was made at postmortem by typical lung histology and positive viral
      lung cultures. All patients were immunosuppressed by both their underlying
      diseases and treatment with corticosteroids and other chemotherapy. Although
      other pathogens were identified at lung biopsy in most patients (73 per cent),
      primarily Pneumocystis carinii, evidence is offered to demonstrate that
      cytomegalovirus can cause significant pulmonary disease alone, leading to
      respiratory failure and death.

PMID- 183500
TI  - Clinical and laboratory evaluation of elderly patients with heterophil-antibody
      positive infectious mononucleosis. Report of seven patients, ages 40 to 78.
AB  - Clinical, hematologic, biochemical and serologic data are recorded in seven
      patients aged 40 to 78 years with heterophil-antibody positive infectious
      mononucleosis (HA+IM). Clinical observations included fever of 22 to 30 days'
      duration (five of seven patients), sore throat (six of seven patients), myalgia
      (five of seven patients) and prominent lymph adenopathy (two of seven patients).
      Initial blood smears revealed significant numbers of atypical lymphocytes in only
      five of seven patients; however, or serial testing, in the remaining two patients
      Downey cells developed to a degree seen in most young adult patients with
      infectious mononucleosis. Comparison of liver function data from these and
      younger patients suggests that abnormalities tend to be more marked in those in
      the older than in those in the younger age range. Serologic tests confirmed
      primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in all seven patients based on
      detection of IgM antibodies to EB viral capsid antigen in specimens obtained
      early, but not late, in the course of the infection, transitory antibody
      responses to the D (diffuse) component of the EMB-induced early antigen complex,
      and the initial absence and later development of antibodies to the EBV-associated
      nuclear antigen. Thus, the serologic data did not differ from those seen in
      younger patients. These results show that infectious mononucleosis should be
      included in the differential diagnosis of fever, sore throat and myalgia with or
      without significant cervical adenopathy in elderly persons.

PMID- 183501
TI  - The effect of trigeminal nerve and ganglion manipulation on recurrence of ocular
      herpes simplex in rabbits.
AB  - Latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been demonstrated in the trigeminal ganglia
      of experimentally infected rabbits between episodes of spontaneous ocular
      recurrence. In three experiments reported here, the normal pattern of recurrence
      was modified by manipulation of the trigeminal nerve and ganglion. Temporary
      retrobulbar disruption of trigeminal nerve function in chronically infected
      animals significantly decreased the number of ocular HSV isolations obtained
      during the 20 weeks immediately following surgery. Stereotaxic interruption of
      intracranial trigeminal nerve function prior to initial HSV infection
      dramatically reduced the incidence of peripheral recurrence of HSV. In
      chronically infected animals, stereotaxic stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion
      caused a marked increase in positive cultures within 2 days. These studies
      provide additional evidence for the theory that the reservoir for latent ocular
      HSV in rabbits is the trigeminal ganglion. Moreover, the studies suggest that the
      transmission of latent HSV from the trigeminal ganglion to its infectious form in
      the peripheral tissues involves the trigeminal nerve. We have shown that
      mechanical and stereotaxic stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion is a reliable
      and rapid means of precipitating peripheral ocular shedding of HSV on command, a
      finding which should prove most productive in future research.

PMID- 183502
TI  - Nursing the patient with a continent ileostomy.

PMID- 183503
TI  - Antibodies to adeno-associated satellite virus and herpes simplex in sera from
      cancer patients and normal adults.
AB  - The ecologic aspects of the distribution of adeno-associated satellite virus
      (ASV) in the human population are of great interest because of its unconditional
      defectiveness and dependence on adenovirus for full and herpesvirus for partial
      complementation. Adenoviruses and herpesviruses are extremely common and
      persistent infections in man. We have developed immunofluorescent procedures for
      detecting the presence of satellite virus antibodies in human sera. The
      percentage of sera with antibodies to the ASV 2-3 complex was significantly
      higher in the normal group than in the cancer patients whereas there were no
      significant differences in herpes antibodies between the groups. The low
      incidence of satellite antibodies was particularly striking in patients with
      genital malignancies. The role of ASV's in human disease is not known. Their role
      in possible abrogation of oncogenesis mediated through adenoviruses or
      herpesviruses is worthy of further investigation.

PMID- 183504
TI  - The significance of measurement of human placental lactogen, human chorionic
      gonadotropin, and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Human placental lactogen (HPL or HCS), the beta subunit of human chorionic
      gonadotropin (beta-HCG), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured by a
      specific radioimmunoassay in plasma of 65 patients with ovarian cancer. Fifty-one
      patients had epithelial tumors, while 14 had germ cell tumors. It was found that
      47 patients (72 per cent) had high levels of plasma HPL, 29 patients (45 per
      cent) had high levels of plasma beta-HCG, and 34 patients (52 per cent) had high
      levels of plasma CEA, but there was no correlation between these protein marker
      levels in different patients. Twenty of these patients were studied before and
      after operation and during chemotherapy and/or radiotherpy. There was no
      consistent correlation between these marker levels and the course of the disease.
      These data suggest that measurement of HPL, beta-HCG,  and CEA in sera of
      patients with ovarian cancer is not of value in assessing the clinical status of
      the patients or in determining the effect of therapy.

PMID- 183505
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the liver in pregnancy: a report of eight cases.
AB  - Seven cases of ruptured subcapsular hematoma and one case of ruptured hepatoma
      are reported. Six of the patients died, four following an unsuccessful operation.
      One patient survived following an operation, and another patient survived without
      surgical intervention. Both survivors were treated with a gravity suit to control
      internal hemorrhage.

PMID- 183508
TI  - Metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue in T3-treated hamsters.
AB  - Triiodothyronine (T3) treatment induced marked hypertrophy of the brown adipose
      tissue (BAT), similar to that observed in cold-acclimated animals, although
      partly due to fat deposition. Similar to cold acclimation, T3 treatment also
      increased the oxidation of succinate by tissue slices without concomitant
      increase in isolated mitochondria. It is therefore suggested that thyroid
      hormones, like cold acclimation, effect conformational changes in the
      mitochondria, leading to greater expression of the succinic oxidase in the
      tissue. T3 treatment was not followed by any change in the respiratory activity
      of tissue slices in the presence of alpha-GP. Likewise, no change was found
      either in other oxidative activities tested in isolated mitochondria (e.g., NADH
      and cytochrome oxidases) or in the concentration of the components of the
      electron transport chain in the mitochondria.

PMID- 183506
TI  - An in vitro model of pancreatic carcinoma. Morphology and in vivo growth.
AB  - Pancreas rudiments from 13-day rat embryos were cultured in the presence of
      dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) for up to 10 weeks. Pancreas morphogenesis and
      differentiation occurred during the first week of culture. Acinar cell
      degeneration and necrosis began on the fifth day of culture and resulted in
      almost complete loss of acinar cells, islet cells, and fibroblasts by the end of
      the third week. This was associated with proliferation of cells without zymogen
      granules (centroacinar, ductal, or undifferentiated?). Theses cells formed
      glandular structures which extended to the surface of the explant. By the end of
      the fourth week, explants resembled ductal hyperplasia with foci of carcinoma in
      situ. The distribution pattern of neoplasia in 343 explants examined after 10
      weeks of DMN treatment was as follows: 79% resembled ductal cell carcinoma; 9%,
      ductal hyperplasia; and 3%, acinar cell carcinoma. Nude mice injected with cell
      suspensions prepared from 10-week-old culture developed subcutaneous nodules.
      These nodules resembled duct cell carcinoma with desmoplastic reaction.

PMID- 183507
TI  - Identification of T and B lymphocytes in human breast cancer with
      immunohistochemical techniques.
AB  - Cryostat sections of 50 breast cancer specimens and several lymphoid organs were
      investigated with antisera against human T-lymphocyte antigen, human lymphocytes,
      and human immunoglobulins using the immunofluorescence technique and the
      immunoperoxidase technique. These methods proved to make it possible to
      discriminate between T and B cells in lymphocytic infiltrates in tissue sections.
      In nearly all mammary carcinomas studied, T cells were found to predominate in
      and around tumor cell nests. Only the intraductal carcinomas of this series
      contained a substantial number of B cells in addition to T cells. The presence of
      T cells indicates that the host-tumor interaction in vivo mall-mediated immune
      reaction. The role of the B cells found in the lymphocytic infiltrates of the
      intraductal carcinomas is still a matter of speculation. Moreover, these findings
      enhance the value of established histologic classifications. These
      classifications may have to be modified to provide them with a more functional
      basis.

PMID- 183509
TI  - Hormone-stimulated glycogenolysis in isolated goldfish hepatocytes.
AB  - Hepatocytes isolated from the liver of the common goldfish Carassius auratus L.
      with crude bacterial collagenase maintained ATP levels for at least 2 h.
      Glycogenolysis was maximally activated by 1 X 10(-6) M epinephrine and 5.8 X 10(
      9) M glucagon. In liver cells incubated in calcium-free buffer containing 1 mM
      ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, basal
      glycogenolysis was enhanced by the addition of 1-4 mM calcium but the elevation
      of cyclic AMP and glycogenolysis due to epinephrine was unaffected by calcium.
      The divalent cation ionophore A23187 did not alter basal or hormone-stimulated
      glycogenolysis. Isoproterenol was approximately as potent as epinephrine but
      phenylephrine was glycogenolytic only at very high concentrations. l-Propranolol
      competitively inhibited the increased glycogenolysis due to catecholamines but
      phentolamine was ineffective as a blocking agent. Isoproterenol and epinephrine
      stimulated glycogenolysis at lower concentrations than those required to elevate
      cyclic AMP accumulation. Phenylephrine was without effect on cyclic AMP.
      Propranolol competitively inhibited both epinephrine- and isoproterenol
      stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation, but phentolamine did not block either
      response. Catecholamine-stimulated glycogenolysis in goldfish liver is apparently
      a beta-adrenergic effect. However, low concentrations of epinephrine enhance
      glycogenolysis without affecting total cyclic AMP.

PMID- 183510
TI  - Intestinal mucosal cyclic GMP: regulation and relation to ion transport.
AB  - Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rabbit
      ileal mucosa in vitro produced 5- to 15-fold increases in cyclic GMP (cGMP)
      concentration that were maximal within 2 min and gone within 30 min.
      Cholecystokinin octapeptide and insulin caused similar increases in cGMP. None of
      these agents affected cAMP. The epinephrine-induced increase in cGMP was blocked
      by atropine at 100 but not at 1 muM concentration. Epinephrine stimulates active
      NaCl absorption and decreases short-circuit current (SCC) in vitro, the latter
      effect due to inhibition of HCO3 secretion. Atropine (100 muM) blocked the former
      but not the latter effect of epinephrine. In vitro additions of several
      concentrations of cGMP and 8-bromo-cGMP did not decrease SCC or alter Na fluxes.
      Thus, changes in cGMP concentration have been directly correlated with changes in
      active absorption of NaCl, but a causal relationship has not been proven.

PMID- 183511
TI  - Hyperpolarization of thyroid cells in vitro by thyrotropin and cyclic AMP.
AB  - With the use of microelectrodes, membrane potential (MP) was measured in mouse
      thyroid glands in vitro. A basal resting MP of about -39 mV was confirmed. The
      initial effect of feeding a low-iodine diet (6-12 days) was hyperpolarization, up
      to -47 m V; chronic low-iodine diet led to depolarization. Low concentrations of
      thyrotropin (less than 3 mU/ml superfusate) caused hyperpolarization and high
      ones (greater than 10 mU/ml) led to depolarization. Cyclic AMP (10(-3) M),
      dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1.2 X 10(-4) M or 1.2 X 10(-3) M) and theophylline (10(-2)
      or 10(-3) M) caused similar hyperpolarization: D- and DL-propranolol (5 X 10(-5) 
      5 X 10(-4) M) produced depolarization and inhibited hyperpolarization by
      thyrotropin. Conclusions are that hyperpolarization is a consequence of short
      term increased secretion of thyrotropin in vivo or of low (near physiological)
      concentrations in vitro; these effects are probably mediated by cyclic AMP. The
      relationship to and mechanism of depolarization resulting from chronic enhanced
      endogenous secretion or high in vitro concentrations of thyrotropin are unknown.

PMID- 183512
TI  - Effect of colchicine on urinary phosphate and regulation by parathyroid hormone.
AB  - The possible role of cytoplasmic microtubules in the renal handling of phosphate
      and its regulation by parathyroid hormone (PTH) was evaluated with colchicine, a
      microtubule-disrupting agent. Colchicine-treated rats were
      thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) and subsequently infused with PTH. Treatment
      with a total dose of 1 mg colchicine had no effect on glomerular filtration rate
      or fractional excretions of sodium and potassium. Fractional excretion of
      phosphate in colchicine-treated TPTX rats was significantly higher compared with
      TPTX controls. After PTH infusion, control rats responded with increases in
      fractional excretion of phosphate and urinary cyclic AMP but colchicine-treated
      rats had variable and insignificant changes in both parameters. Fractional
      excretion of sodium and potassium did not change significantly after PTH. Renal
      cortical activities of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, soluble alkaline
      phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase, leucine aminopeptidase, or basal adenylate
      cyclase were not significantly affected by colchicine treatment. On the other
      hand, stimulation of adenylate cyclase by a submaximal dose of PTH was markedly
      decreased in colchicine-treated rats, and the activity of membrane-bound alkaline
      phosphatase was also significantly decreased. The binding of radioactive
      colchicine in renal cortical extracts from rats treated with colchicine was
      significantly diminished. These results suggest that disruption of cytoplasmic
      microtubules in renal cortical cells interferes with phosphate transport and its
      regulation by PTH.

PMID- 183513
TI  - RENAL HANDLING OF CITRATE DURING HEAT-INDUCED HYPOCITRICEMIA.
AB  - A model of steady-state hypocitricemia, characterized by hypocitraturia and
      reduced kidney cortex citrate, has been demonstrated in the rate chronically
      exposed to environmental heat. The renal citrate extraction ratio remains
      unchanged. The physiological mechanism that brings about the reduction in
      circulating citrate has not been determined. Hypocitraturia likely results from a
      decreased filtered citrate load. Although it is generally contended that filtered
      citrate load. Although it is generally contended that alkalosis increases and
      acidosis decreases renal excretion of citrate, observations of mild alkalosis and
      hypocitraturia during heat exposure suggest that factors other than pH can alter
      renal handling of citrate. Kidney mitochondrial function, as determined by in
      vitro measurements of citrate-stimulated respiratory rates and specific
      activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate
      dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c oxidase, appears to be unaffected by
      environmental heat.

PMID- 183514
TI  - Agonist and antimineralocorticoid activities of spirolactones.
AB  - To investigate the mechanism of action of antimineralocorticoids, a series of
      spirolactone analogues was evaluated for both mineralocorticoid antagonist and
      agonist activity. Antagonist activity was assessed by inhibition of aldosterone
      stimulated sodium transport employing toad bladder short-circuit current (SCC)
      measurements. Agonist activity was assessed in the same system by the direct
      effect of spirolactones on SCC. Opening of the gamma-lactone ring of a
      spirolactone dramatically decreased antagonist activity in the compound studied.
      Several C-7 chi-substitutions resulted in either enhanced or diminished activity,
      whereas deletion of the C-10 methyl group (i.e., 19-nor compound) had only
      minimal effects on antagonist potency. Agonist activity was demonstrable for
      three of the analogues studied: the 19-nor compound, and those containing a C-7
      chi-substitution with a carboxyl isopropyl ester or a C-6-7 cyclopropyl linkage.
      The functional activity in toad bladder was compared to previous measurements of
      the relative binding affinity of the same spirolactones for mineralocorticoid
      receptors in rat kidney. Although there was some correlation between binding to
      rat kidney receptors and antagonist activity in the toad bladder, the results did
      not coincide in the case of the three spirolactones that possessed partial
      agonist activity. Some of the discrepancy may have resulted from differences
      between mammalian and amphibian receptors; however, intrinsic agonist activity
      limits antagonist potency and thus may cause a divergence between binding and
      functional studies limited to antagonist activity alone. Binding affinity,
      although indicative of total activity, fails to distinguish agonist from
      antagonist potency.

PMID- 183515
TI  - Effect of norepinephrine and hypertonicity on K influx and cyclic AMP in duck
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and cation transport
      were measured in duck erythrocytes after stimulation by norepinephrine (NE) or
      shrinkage induced by exposure to hypertonic media (S). Previously both NE and S
      were shown to initiate a similar transport process in this cell. NE elicited a
      rapid rise in cellular cAMP and 42K influx. Both effects were eliminated by
      propranolol. At concentrations of NE below 3 X 10(-8) M (the concentration at
      which 42K influx saturates), there was good correlation between the magnitude of
      the permeability change and the increment in cAMP. In contrast, medium
      hypertonicity, at a level which stimulated K influx to the same extent as a near
      maximal norepinephrine response, did not alter cAMP content. The data are
      discussed in terms of a model in which S and NE activate a final common transport
      pathway by different mechanisms, which in the case of S does not involve cAMP.

PMID- 183516
TI  - Compensatory adrenal growth: a neurally mediated reflex.
AB  - The responses of young rats to left adrenalectomy or left adrenal manipulation
      were compared to surgical sham adrenalectomy in which adrenals were observed but
      not touched. At 12 h right adrenal wet weight, dry weight, DNA, RNA, and protein
      content were increased (P less than 0.05) after the first two operations. Left
      adrenal manipulation resulted in increased right adrenal weight at 12 h but no
      change in left adrenal weight. Sequential manipulation of the left adrenal at
      time 0 and the right adreanl at 12 h resulted in an enlarged right adrenal at 12h
      (P less than 0.01), and an enlarged left adrenal at 24 h (P less than 0.05),
      showing that the manipulated gland was capable of response. Bilateral adrenal
      manipulation of the adrenal glands resulted in bilateral enlargement at 12 h (P
      less than 0.01). Taken together with previous results, these findings strongly
      suggest that compensatory adrenal growth is a neurally mediated reflex.

PMID- 183517
TI  - School children and reported hepatitis: an epidemiologic note.

PMID- 183518
TI  - High dose urography: incidence and relationship to spontaneous peripelvic
      extravasation.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of spontaneous
      extravasation of contrast in 82 patients with acute renal colic. The
      extravasation rate among 37 patients receiving 75 ml of contrast was 8.1%, while
      the rate among 45 patients receiving either 300 ml of 30% solution by infusion or
      a 140 ml bolus dose was 24.4%; overall the rate was 17%. Thus the incidence of
      extravasation was shown to increase with higher doses of contrast media. The
      primary dose in acute renal colic or other forms of obstructive uropathy should
      be in the low range (20-25 g 1-); reinjection after screening can be undertaken
      if necessary.

PMID- 183519
TI  - Autonomous hyperparathyroidism in patients on maintenance home dialysis.
AB  - Ninety-nine patients with end-stage renal failure treated by maintenance home
      dialysis whose calcium and phosphorus balance was carefully controlled were
      studied for radiographic evidence of hyperparathyroidism. A total of 43 showed
      evidence of hyperparathyroidism despite excellent medical management. In 23 the
      abnormality was stable and the patients were asymptomatic with regard to the
      skeleton. The other 20 showed progressive bone disease. Sixteen of these patients
      were operated upon, and 14 were relieved of their symptoms by parathyroidectomy.
      Following operation, the radiographic evidence of bone disease halted
      dramatically, and a decided return toward normal was documented on subsequent
      films. Thus parathyroidectomy can control the skeletal deterioration and bone
      pain of hyperparathyroidism in patients who develop this complication. Serial
      radiographic studies are a reliable indicator of this circumstance.

PMID- 183520
TI  - Therapeutic vascular occlusion utilizing steel coil technique: clinical
      applications.
AB  - The stainless steel coil has been utilized for permanent intravascular occlusion
      of the proximal portion of the renal, hepatic, splenic, and internal iliac
      vessels. This therapeutic approach has been successful in the management of renal
      arteriovenous fistulas, renal carcinomas, neoplasms of the liver, giant cell
      tumors of the sacrum, and in hypersplenism. The techniques involved and clinical
      uses are discussed.

PMID- 183521
TI  - Embolic control of hypertension caused by segmental renal artery stenosis.
AB  - Renovascular hypertension was controlled in a 15-year-old boy by total infarction
      of the renal parenchyma behind a segmental renal artery stenosis. Two separate
      embolizations were required to occlude the branches distal to the stenosis. Blood
      pressure did not return to normal until after the second procedure. This approach
      may be useful in patients with intrarenal arterial stenoses who would be
      difficult to approach operatively without sacrificing a significant portion of
      the kidney.

PMID- 183522
TI  - Aneurysms secondary to pancreatitis.
AB  - In a review of arteriograms of 72 unselected consecutive cases of pancreatitis,
      seven patients were found to have arterial aneurysms involving branches of the
      peripancreatic vessels. During the same period, arteriograms of 84 cases of
      carcinoma of the pancreas were reviewed and no aneurysms of any of these vessels
      were found. The demonstration of aneurysms of the peripancreatic arteries in
      pancreatitis is an important differential feature from carcinoma of the pancreas.
      Both carcinoma of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis can cause encasement of
      the arterial vessels and obstruction of the splenic or the superior mesenteric
      vein, therefore resulting in a similar angiographic appearance. Thus an aneurysm
      seen in such a patient is a helpful distinguishing feature. In addition, these
      aneurysms are an important source of hemorrhage and mortality in pancreatitis.

PMID- 183523
TI  - Radiologic and pathologic characteristics of the WDHA syndrome.
AB  - A case of a non-beta islet cell tumor of the pancreas that produced the WDHA
      (watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria) syndrome is presented. An
      enlarged body-tail region of the pancreas is demonstrated on transaxial views;
      multiple fluid-filled loops of small and large bowel are also noted. The
      angiography of the tumor is similar to other non-beta islet cell lesions
      consisting of a large hypervascular mass with hypertrophied feeding vessels and a
      persistent, dense capillary stain. The demonstration of elevated levels of
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in both tumor and plasma and the
      ultrastructural description of endocrine granules may help to explain the
      pathophysiology in this case.

PMID- 183525
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with selective catheterization of the
      common bile duct.
AB  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was performed in 86 patients with
      juandice in whom the diagnosis could not be established by conventional means.
      Selective catheterization of the common bile duct was employed and cholangiograms
      of high quality were obtained. In cases of obstruction of the biliary passages,
      the catheter was left indwelling centrally in the biliary passages for external
      bile drainage. Thus immediate postcholangiogram surgery was not required in these
      patients. The procedure was successful in all 60 patients with obstructive
      jaundice. In 26 patients the possibility of obstruction was ruled out.
      Complications occurred in four patients but were not exclusively due to the
      procedure. The incidence of complications may be maintained at an acceptably low
      level if the technique is meticulously followed.

PMID- 183524
TI  - Fine needle transhepatic cholangiography: a new approach to obstructive jaundice.
AB  - Transhepatic cholangiography performed with a newly introduced fine caliber (0.7
      mm OD) "Chiba" needle produces a significantly higher success rate of biliary
      duct opacification with fewer complications than conventional needle or flexible
      cannula techniques. Distinct advantages over endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiography are also apparent, including more frequent bile duct
      opacification, ease of performance, and lower overall cost. In a group of 50
      consecutive patients examined with the fine needle puncture technique, duct
      opacification was achieved in 92%, including 33 of 33 (100%) of patients with
      surgically obstructed ducts and 14 of 17 (82%) with normal caliber or narrowed
      ducts. Fine needle hepatic puncture is recommended as the preferred approach for
      direct biliary duct opacification in jaundiced patients.

PMID- 183526
TI  - Jaundice from impacted sediment in a T tube: recognition and treatment.
AB  - Encrustation of bile sediment in the proximal limb of an indwelling T tube may
      occlude the luman and cause jaundice. The cholangiographic appearance of this
      phenomenon is described. Insertion of a torque cable under fluoroscopic control
      can successfully disimpact the occlusion, restoring patency and relieving the
      jaundice.

PMID- 183527
TI  - The aberrant gallbladder: angiographic and radioisotopic considerations.
AB  - There are four types of aberrant gallbladder: (1) intrahepatic, (2) left-sided,
      (3) transverse, and (4) retrodisplaced. Five cases of the first three types are
      illustrated. In three of the five patients the aberrant gallbladder produced
      false positive liver scans which were correctly diagnosed by hepatic angiography;
      in one it caused the hepatic angiogram to be misinterpreted. The importance of
      identifying the gallbladder at hepatic angiography by observing the cystic
      arteries in arterial phase and the gallbladder wall stain in hepatogram phase is
      stressed.

PMID- 183528
TI  - Electrical stimulation for anal sphincter control in barium enema examinations:
      an extended trial.
AB  - The routine use in 500 consecutive patients of a barium enema cannula
      incorporating stimulating electrodes is described. Barium retention was improved
      by the electrically maintained contraction of the anal sphincter. The cannula was
      connected to a battery-powered control unit which provided the stimulus; pulse
      width was 1 msec and frequency was 20 pulses/sec. The pulse amplitude, adjusted
      for each patient, was in the range of 5--17V. A standard procedure was adopted
      throughout the trial without the use of colonic relaxants (such as
      anticholinergic drugs). The barium suspension and water were in stilled at body
      temperature. A comparison with a control series of 200 patients showed a
      significant reduction in the failure rate from 20% to 4%. No unpleasant side
      effects were encountered apart from a tingling sensation in the anal region which
      was expected. The principal factors contributing to failure were fecal impaction
      and diverticular disease.

PMID- 183529
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of endotracheal tube position.
AB  - A malpositioned endotracheal tube is a potential hazard to the intubated patient.
      Ideally, the tube tip should be 5+/-2 cm from the carina when the head and neck
      are in neutral position. In 92 of 100 patients studied, the carina overlay T5,
      T6, or T7 on portable radiographs. Therefore, even when the carina is not
      visible, it can be assumed that a tube tip positioned at the level of T3 or T4 is
      safe. The degree of neck flexion or extension at the time of radiography may be
      determined by evaluating the position of the mandible relative to the vertebral
      bodies.

PMID- 183530
TI  - Further observations on pulmonary venous varix.
AB  - Pulmonary venous varix is a well known radiographic entity. Case reports are
      presented to illustrate the following unusual aspects of this lesion. 1.
      Hypoplasia of a major pulmonary vein results in increased pulmonary blood flow
      through the remaining normal ipsilateral pulmonary vein. This may result in
      variceal enlargement of the normal vein. 2. A pulmonary venous varix may be
      visualized during angiocardiography but not in a routine chest radiograph. This
      is most common in children. 3. Elevated pulmonary venous pressure causes
      dilatation of the central pulmonary veins. Sudden formation of a pulmonary venous
      varix in a patient with mitral valvular disease may be evidence of a sudden
      elevation of left atrial pressure.

PMID- 183531
TI  - Pulmonary metastases from benign-appearing smooth muscle tumors of the uterus.
AB  - A 42-year-old woman was found to have multiple pulmonary nodules 7 years after
      hysterectomy for leiomyoma. Thoracotomy revealed multiple well differentiated
      smooth muscle masses containing epithelial inclusions. This patient is similar to
      others previously reported as examples of "multiple pulmonary fibroleiomyomatous
      hamartoma" on the basis of slow-growth, benign-appearing histology, and the
      presence of epithelial elements. Evidence is presented which suggests that these
      cases represent metastasis from well differentiated leiomyosarcomas. There is a
      frequent association with uterine smooth-muscle tumor, cases with equally benign
      appearing histology have shown lymph node metastasis, the nonmesenchymal elements
      have been shown to represent engulphed bits of adjacent pulmonary tissue, and the
      histologic di-ferentiation of benign from malignant mesenchymal tumors is known
      to be unreliable in some cases. Unlike more anaplastic leiomyosarcomas, this
      condition may be associated with few symptoms and prolonged survival despite
      widespread disease.

PMID- 183532
TI  - Radiology of knee joint replacement.
AB  - As total knee replacement becomes more successful due to advances in surgery and
      bioengineering, a greater number of patients will be offered this procedure as a
      viable alternative to arthrodesis. Radiologic consultation will be sought for
      evaluation of proper alignment as well as postoperative complications such as
      loosening, instability, dislocation, limitation of range of motion, fracture, and
      infection. This evaluation may be accomplished by plain films and arthrography.
      Radiographic aspects of these features are discussed and illustrated.

PMID- 183533
TI  - Traumatic lesions of the discovertebral junction in the lumbar spine.
AB  - Lumbar discovertebral abnormalities thought to be due to endogenous or
      subclinical trauma were evaluated in 22 cases. These consisted of predominantly
      lytic areas due to intrabody disc herniation in five cases, broad zones of
      vertebral body sclerosis due to reactive osteitis in 11, and destruction of the
      vertebral endplates surrounded by diffuse sclerosis in six. Spinal biopsy and
      negative bacterial cultures were consistent with the diagnosis in eight cases.
      Follow-up roentgenograms and further clinical evaluation in the remaining 14
      showed either no progression or changes consistent with trauma. Only four cases
      had a history of exogenous trauma. Intrabody disc herniations usually affected
      the upper vertebral body with characteristic sparing of the adjacent endplate.
      The sclerotic lesions tended to occur in the anterior portion of the vertebral
      body, with the inferior aspect of L4 most frequently involved. These may be
      confused with osteoblastic metastases, particularly if adjacent disc narrowing is
      minimal. The lack of progressive vertebral fragmentation helps to distinguish
      this condition from neuroarthropathy. Lesions characterized by destruction of the
      vertebral endplates and reactive sclerosis simulate infection; absence of a soft
      tissue mass and clinical signs of sepsis as well as lack of progression are
      important differential features.

PMID- 183534
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the knee.
AB  - Four cases of congenital dislocation of the knee are presented. The incidence,
      associated congenital anomalies, presentation, and etiology are discussed with
      particular attention to the roentgenographic findings.

PMID- 183535
TI  - The os incae.
AB  - The The os incae is an integral feature of reptilian and various mammalian skulls
      which demonstrate intramembranous ossification centers behind the parietal bones.
      In man, the interparietal portion of the occipital squamosa arises in membrane
      from a single ossific focus. Normally it fuses with the supraoccipital segment of
      the occipital squamosa. Occasionally there are multiple ossification centers in
      the interparietal bone which fail to fuse, resulting in one of several varieties
      of os incae.

PMID- 183536
TI  - A new radiographic technique for fractures of the orbit and maxilla.
AB  - A variant oblique posture of the head is described which eliminates most
      superimposition in radiographic examination of the orbit and maxilla. The
      position is simply attained without extraordinary equipment, is comfortable for
      the patient since there is no pressure on injured parts, and often obviates the
      need for planigraphy. The following injuries are demonstrated best: displacement
      at the frontozygomatic suture; deformity of the orbital floor and its distance
      from the anterior orbital rim; degree of depression of the anterior zygoma,
      antral wall, and alveolus; and vertical displacement of the zygomatic arch.

PMID- 183537
TI  - Computed tomography and brain scintigraphy in ischemic stroke.
AB  - Radionuclide and computed tomographic (CT) scans were reviewed in 215 patients
      with ischemic stroke. The findings vary depending on the site of vascular
      occlusion. In middle cerebral artery occlusion, four distinct patterns may be
      seen on the scintigrams. The CT scans show little variation in appearance. The
      tentorial confluence sign is an important finding on scintigrams of patients with
      occipital infarction; the absence of this signs should suggest another diagnosis.
      During the first week and after the fourth week following an ischemic stroke, the
      scintigram is usually negative, whereas the lesion is visible by CT. However,
      there are a significant number of false negative CT scans; therefore, both
      examinations are advocated in difficult cases.

PMID- 183538
TI  - Normal variants and congenital anomalies in the region of the obelion.
AB  - A number of anatomic bony variants and several congenital anomalies are known to
      occur at the level of the obelion, that is, in the posterior interparietal region
      of the head, a short distance in front of the lambda. Among them are: (1)
      remnants of the embryonic parietal incisura, including parietal fissure, small
      and large parietal fontanelle, obeliac bones, persistant midline parietal
      foramen, and small and large parietal foramina; (2) encephalomeningoceles and
      related defects, including true encephaloceles, herniation of midline
      intracranial cysts (diencephalic and Dandy Walker cyst), epicranial arachnoid
      cysts, and scalp defects with ectopic glial tissue; and (3) congenital scalp and
      skull defects (cutis aplasia congenita). A review of these defects is presented
      with some illustrative examples not previously reported.

PMID- 183540
TI  - Laparoscopy and laparotomy in staging Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 183539
TI  - The destiny of brachytherapy in oncology.
AB  - At the invitation of the American Radium Society, Pierquin reviews his very large
      experience with continuous low dose rate irradiation of cancer. The target volume
      is treated with 6,000-7,000 rad in 3-10 days at a dose rate of 30-100 rad/hr.
      Preference for continuous low dose rate irradiation is based on the earlier work
      of Jean Pierquin, Georges Richard, Claudius Regaud, and Ralston Paterson with
      radium sources. Afterloading techniques with iridium-192 have been substituted
      allowing safer and more precise placement. An accumulated experience with 5,000
      patients over the past 15 years permits conclusions that the techniques are safe,
      easy, inexpensive, and effective for tumors accessible to direct instrumentation.
      Dosimetry is based on the Paris system. Standardizing upon a dose of 7,000 rad,
      Pierquin concludes there is an isoeffect of continuous radiation at low dose
      rates of 25-100 rad/hr. The differential effect on tumor versus healthy tissue is
      impressive even when large volumes are irradiated, as in neck adenopathy.
      Stemming from this experience, three trials have been carried out of low dose
      rate teletherapy with cobalt-60 sources in oral cavity and oropharynx tumors,
      delivering 7,000 rad at rates of 90-100 rad/hr. Pierquin hopes for the same very
      high local control rates (in the order of 95%)achieved by iridium-192
      endoradiotherapy of accessible T1, T2, T3, and T4 cancers.

PMID- 183541
TI  - Subtotal mastectomy and radiation therapy in the definitive management of
      localized breast malignancy.
AB  - Between 1961 and 1974, 51 women with primary carcinoma of the breast were treated
      by external radiation following surgery that was limited to diagnostic biopsy.
      All patients tolerated therapy well with minimal long term morbidity. While the
      reported follow-up periods are brief (most patients at risk for less than 3
      years), 29 patients remain alive, 25 of whom show no evidence of persistent or
      recurring disease. These data suggest that local-regional control rates match
      those obtained following mastectomy. Definitive statements as to local failures
      and long term survival rates are not yet available.

PMID- 183542
TI  - Postoperative irradiation in the prevention of keloids.
AB  - Low dose superficial x-irradiation to the incisional site after surgical excision
      of a keloid prevented keloid or hypertrophic scar formation in 31 of 35 patients
      evaluated (88%). The clinical manifestation of keloids, physiology of wound
      healing, pathophysiology of keloid formation, and the radiation technique
      utilized are presented. This study shows that the method is well tolerated,
      easily administered, and efficient in inhibiting recurrence of keloid or
      hypertrophic scar formation.

PMID- 183543
TI  - Parametrial calcification in cervical carcinoma patients treated with radioactive
      gold.
AB  - A unique appearance of soft tissue calcification in the pelvis which may be
      specific for patients treated with parametrial injection of 198Au colloid is
      described. The calcification appears in the area of maximum radiation dose and
      can appear within 5 years of treatment. It is significant because it occurred in
      approximately one-half of the cases radiographically reviewed and may be confused
      with calcification from other etiologies.

PMID- 183544
TI  - Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon associated with dysgammaglobulinemia.
AB  - A case of dysgammaglobulinemia associated with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of
      the colon is reported. The patient had typical immunoglobulin deficiency,
      diarrhea, recurrent respiratory infections, Giardia lamblia in the stool, and
      lymphoid hyperplasia of the small intestine. His barium enema showed diffuse
      submucosal nodules. Rectosigmoid biopsy confirmed nodular lymphoid hyperplasia.
      The similar findings on barium enema in this entity and in lymphosarcoma are
      stressed.

PMID- 183545
TI  - Massive enlargement of the ileocecal valve due to lymphoid hyperplasia.
AB  - Two children with unusual infiltration of the ileocecal valve by lymphoid tissue
      are described. The large filling defect identified on barium enema may suggest a
      number of conditions. Operative resection will exclude the possibility of a
      malignant process and will reduce the chance of recurrent intussusception.

PMID- 183546
TI  - Hepatoscintigraphy, arteriography, and ultrasonography in preoperative diagnosis
      of choledochal cyst.

PMID- 183548
TI  - Unilateral dysplasia of the superior articular facet of the axis.
AB  - A case of unilateral dysplasia of the superior articular facet of the axis due to
      incomplete or delayed ossification is described in a child. This may result in
      asymmetry of the articular surfaces of the axis in adult life and be a cause of
      torticollis. To our knowledge, no similar case has been reported.

PMID- 183547
TI  - Arachnoid granulations simulating osteolytic lesions of the calvarium.

PMID- 183549
TI  - Arteriographic findings in hyperergic granulomatosis and vasculitis of a kidney.
AB  - A case with a probable diagnosis of a limited form of Wegener's granulomatosis is
      presented. Arteriography of an involved kidney revealed arterial occlusions and
      stenoses with infarcted parenchymal regions and a distinct collateral
      circulation. Compared to the renal changes in other collagenous diseases, the
      renovasographic findings in this case were more prominent, more centrally
      located, and of segmental distribution.

PMID- 183551
TI  - Editorial: Echocardiography: territorial imperactive?

PMID- 183550
TI  - Interim report: mammographic exposures at the breast cancer detection
      demonstration project screening centers.
AB  - In the interests of uniformly high radiological physics standards at ACS-NCI
      Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Projects, measurements were made at 29
      breast cancer screening clinics. These measurements were made throughout the
      country with equipment calibrated with standards traceable to National Bureau of
      Standards. Histograms which indicate the frequency distribution of exposures to
      the surface of a 6 cm breast for various machine/receptor combinations were
      prepared.

PMID- 183552
TI  - In memoriam: A. Justin Williams, 1901-1976.

PMID- 183553
TI  - Radiologic Societies.

PMID- 183554
TI  - Double-blind test of metronidazole and tinidazole in the treatment of
      asymptomatic Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba hartmanni carriers.
AB  - One hundred and fifteen persons with asymptomatic Entamoeba histolytica or E.
      hartmanni infection, or both, were given metronidazole (750 mg three times daily
      for 5 days), tinidazole (1 g twice daily on 2 consecutive days), or a starch
      placebo. Three post-treatment stools were examined in the 2 weeks following
      initiation of treatment. Cysts of E. histolytica reappeared in the stools of 37%
      of 30 given metronidazole, 62% of 34 given tinidazole, and 70% of 31 given
      placebo. Cysts of E. hartmanni reappeared in the stools of 46% of 24 given
      metronidazole, 69% of 16 given tinidazole, and 90% of 10 given placebo. Rapid
      absorption and short duration of treatment make both drugs ineffective for the
      treatment of ameba carriers.

PMID- 183556
TI  - Persistence of virus-specific IgM and clinical recovery after Japanese
      encephalitis.
AB  - We have searched for evidence of a chronic Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)
      infection in six Thai patients convalescing from acute Japanese encephalitis (JE)
      in whom JEV-specific IgM antibody was last detected 116 to 350 days after their
      acute illness. These six patients were compared with 94 other JE patients matched
      for age, sex and serological response and in whom JEV-specific IgM was either
      short-lived (less than 90 days) or not tested. All patients were evaluated for
      the presence or absence of seven abnormal neurological signs over a 1- to 2-year
      period. During the first 30 days of illness the mean numbers (+/- S.E.M.) of
      abnormal signs per patients for the IgM and control groups were 3.8 +/- 0.3 and
      2.3 +/- 0.1, respectively (P less than 0.01). After 1 year the six IgM patients
      still had significantly more abnormal neurological signs than controls (1.3 +/-
      0.3 and 0.6 +/- 0.1, respectively [P less than 0.01]). By 2 years, the IgM group
      showed no neurological impairment; examination of cerebrospinal fluids revealed
      no evidence of subclinical viral infections. The recovery of the six IgM patients
      between 1 and 2 years after their relatively severe acute illness suggests that
      IgM antibody persistence was related to acute virulence rather than chronicity of
      the JEV infection.

PMID- 183555
TI  - Seroepidemiology of amebiasis in the Orang Asli (Western Malaysian aborigine) and
      other Malaysians.
AB  - The indirect hemagglutination test was used to study antibody titers to Entamoeba
      histolytica in different Malaysian populations. Eighty-seven percent of Orang
      Asli (western Malaysian aborigines) adults and 79% of Orang Asli children with
      acute amebic dysentery were seropositive. However, significantly fewer children
      (39%) with amebic dysentery had high titer responses (titer greater than or equal
      to 1:1,280) than did adults with amebic dysentery (76%). No correlation between
      proctoscopic severity and amebic titer was found. Forty-four percent of
      asymptomatic family members were seroresponders. Satak, an Orang Asli village
      located near towns, had significantly more seroresponders (32%) than did the
      isolated, deep jungle village, Belatim (4%).

PMID- 183557
TI  - Binding of cytochrome C with membranes of rapidly dividing thymocites.

PMID- 183558
TI  - [Effect of ACTH on plasma norepinephrine levels in the adrenalectomized rabbit].

PMID- 183559
TI  - [Characteristics of intermediate metabolism of the placenta in women having
      suffered from pregnancy toxemias].

PMID- 183560
TI  - [Acupuncture and pain mechanisms (author's transl)].
AB  - Three modulating mechanisms of the "gate-control theory" provide a plausible
      explanation of how acupuncture analgesia works. In particular, the inhibitory
      effects of the brainstem reticular formation on the transmission of pain signals
      in the spinal cord or at higher ttransmission levels seems to provide a powerful
      explanatory concept. Intense stimulation through acupuncture needles could
      activate this inhibitory brainstem system, thereby closing the gate to pain
      signals.

PMID- 183561
TI  - The evaluation of AKR leukemia virus purity: the requirement for both velocity
      and isopycnic centrifugation methods.

PMID- 183562
TI  - Anomalous behavior of certain poliovirus polypeptides during SDS-gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 183563
TI  - Fluorimetric assay of sialic acids.

PMID- 183564
TI  - Applications of chromic acid-celite columns to lipid analysis. Location of double
      bond position in submicro- and microgram amounts of methyl octadecenoates.

PMID- 183565
TI  - Identification and assay of tetranor-prostaglandin E1 in human urine.

PMID- 183566
TI  - A rapid enzymatic procedure for production of 1-beta-D-(3H)arabinofuranosyl
      cytosine 5'-triphosphate.

PMID- 183567
TI  - Phospholipase C assay using p-nitrophenylphosphoryl-choline together with
      sorbitol and its application to studying the metal and detergent requirement of
      the enzyme.

PMID- 183568
TI  - A new assay for the determination of phosphoribosylamine.

PMID- 183569
TI  - Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of casein proteins.

PMID- 183570
TI  - Automated chemiluminescence method for determining the reduced form of
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide coupled to the measurement of lactate
      dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 183571
TI  - Neuron models.

PMID- 183572
TI  - Leukocyte cyclic-3', 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in human bronchial
      asthma.
AB  - Changes in cyclic-3', 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity of the peripheral
      blood leukocytes were investigated in patients with bronchial asthma. Leukocyte
      phosphodiesterase activity was significantly elevated during asthmatic attacks.
      Elevated activity was seen in most active asthmatics irrespective of the drug
      treatment. The ratio of the adenyl cyclase activity to the phosphodiesterase
      activity of the same leukocyte decreased to less than 1.0 during asthmatic
      attacks.

PMID- 183573
TI  - Neutralization of a transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine by colostral
      antibodies elicited by intestine and cell culture-propagated virus.
AB  - Cross-protection studies of gilts exposed to 4 transmissible gastroenteritis
      viruses--Ilinois (field strain), Miller-3, Miller low passage (M-LP), and Miller
      high passage (M-HP) tissue culture-adapted--indicated that only the gilt
      vaccinated with Illinois strain was protected, along with its newborn pigs,
      against challenge exposure with field virus. Similar results were obtained when
      the 4 viruses were incubated in vitro with colostrum from each of the 4
      vaccinated gilts and subsequently used to orally inoculate newborn pigs. However,
      when the colostrums were used to neutralize M-HP virus in cell cultures, the
      neutralization titers were similar, indicating that a close antigenic
      relationship existed among the viruses. Neutralization studies in cell cultures,
      using immunoglobulin (Ig) fractions derived from colostrums of sows exposed to
      Illinois and M-HP virus, indicated that Illinois virus elicited more neutralizing
      activity in IgA than in the IgG fraction and that M-HP virus elicited more IgG
      than IgA antibody activity. In another study, Illinois virus was treated with
      these Ig-enriched fractions and then inoculated into the lumen of the jejunum of
      3-day-old pigs. Anti-Illinois IgA was the only class of antibody which prevented
      replication of the Illinois virus in the intestine. Similar intraintestinal
      inoculations were used to test invasiveness of untreated Illinois and M-HP
      viruses. It was demonstrated that Illinois virus caused marked effect on the
      intestine: shortening of the villi, intestinal distension, edema, and presence of
      accumulated intestinal fluid within 60 hours after inoculation. The M-HP virus
      grew in the intestinal cells without affecting the length of the villi. The
      degree of invasiveness of Illinois or M-HP virus may account for the difference
      in the antibody class elicited in the colostrums.

PMID- 183574
TI  - Apparent propagation of the equine infectious anemia virus in a mosquito (Culex
      pipiens quinquefasciatus Say) ovarian cell line.
AB  - A tissue culture of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say ovarian cells appeared to
      support the growth of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus. Shetland ponies
      inoculated with 2nd, 7th, 9th, and 11th passages of mediums harvested from
      infected tissue culture had clinical signs of the disease and became EIA positive
      on 11, 19, 23, and 43 days after inoculation, respectively.

PMID- 183575
TI  - Development of a cell culture line of bovine fetal endometrial cells.
AB  - Monolayers of bovine fetal endometrial cells were established as primary culture
      cells within 1 to 2 weeks. After the 2nd passage, these cells were inoculated
      with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Effects of the virus were observed each day
      with a light microscope. Specific cytopathic effects consisting of degeneration
      and sloughing of the cells and a well-defined pattern of cytoplasmic vacuolation
      were observed at 5 days after inoculation.

PMID- 183576
TI  - Cholestyramine: an effective, twice-daily dosage regimen.
AB  - Nine patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (type II hyperlipoproteinemia)
      and two normal volunteers were studied to ascertain the effectiveness of
      cholestyramine in lowering plasma cholesterol when a twice-a-day dosage regimen
      was compared with the same total dosage administered four times a day. The study
      showed that in these subjects the two regimens were equally effective. The
      ability to administer cholestyramine twice daily in working adults and school
      children should greatly enhance adherence to this agent.

PMID- 183577
TI  - Adriamycin and enhanced radiation reaction in normal esophagus and skin.
AB  - Clinical evaluation of 10 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung treated
      with radiotherapy and periodic cycles of combination chemotherapy with
      cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and adriamycin showed frequent and occasionally
      severe esophageal and skin reactions. Eight of the 10 patients had esophagitis,
      four required supportive intravenous fluids, and two subsequently developed
      esophageal narrowing and stricture formation. Recurrent esophagitis with
      augmentation of injury in the recently irradiated esophagus was observed 11 times
      in eight of the 10 patients after cycles of chemotherapy, and contributed to the
      sustained toxicity seen in two patients. Dermatitis in the form of moist
      desquamation was observed in five of the patients at very low doses of
      supervoltage radiation therapy. Acute pulmonary reactions was notably absent.
      This combination of chemotherapy, particularly adriamycin, potentiates the effect
      of radiotherapy on the normal esophagus and skin, and further implicates the
      radiosensitizing property of adriamycin.

PMID- 183578
TI  - Defective lung macrophages in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
AB  - Lung macrophages obtained by segmental lavage from three patients with pulmonary
      alveolar proteinosis were studied in vitro. The macrophages exhibited morphologic
      abnormalities including excessive lipid accumulation and giant secondary lysosome
      formation. These cells survived poorly in tissue culture, showed impaired
      chemotactic activity, and had decreased adhesiveness to glass. They phagocytized
      normally but had substantially decreased capacity to kill ingested Candida
      pseudotropicalis. Evidence was obtained that the macrophage defect was acquired
      and probably related to ingestion of the proteinaceous alveolar fluid. Peripheral
      blood monocyte function was normal in one patient and morphologic abnormalities
      were produced in normal monocyte-derived macrophages cultured with proteinaceous
      lavage material. These studies suggest that the lung macrophage in alveolar
      proteinosis is a defective cell as a consequence of an abnormal pulmonary
      environment.

PMID- 183579
TI  - Vitamin D endocrinology.
AB  - Current status of our understanding of the metabolism of vitamin D and its
      implications in metabolic bone disease is reviewed. The details of metabolism of
      vitamin D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the liver and its further conversion in the
      kidneys to either 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are
      presented. The latter conversions are regulated by the vitamin D status, serum
      calcium through the parathyroid gland system, and serum inorganic phosphorus
      concentration. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can now be regarded as a calcium- and
      a phosphate-mobilizing hormone and must be considered as one of the most
      important serum calcium-regulating hormones. Disruption of the vitamin D
      metabolic sequence or the signal system for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 results in
      several bone and calcium metabolism disorders such as renal osteodystrophy,
      hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D-dependency rickets.
      The use of the synthetic analogs of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as well as 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 itself in the management of these disease states is
      discussed.

PMID- 183581
TI  - [Evaluation and standardization of radioimmunoassays].
AB  - The term "standardization" may be applied to RIA methods to indicate the
      "definition of quality characteristics" the level of which must be defined on the
      basis of the evaluation of the "analytical procedure/specific reagents" system.
      Each laboratory, by applying a suitable long-term quality control system, must
      assure the consistent maintenance of the "standardization status" established for
      all mehtods it uses. As a matter of fact, in the case of RIA, materials are used
      that have a limited stability, that cannot be produced in large quantities, and
      that possess a complex composition not always well defined chemically. However, a
      remarkable role in the standardization process belongs to the producers of
      special reagents intended for RIA. In order to help the standardization of RIA
      methods, some programs of inter-laborator cooperation have been worked out in
      recent years. Among them mention is specifically made of three studies regarding
      the dosage of insulin: the most recent of them is devised and coordinated by the
      Instituto Superiore di Santia in cooperation with the Laboratory of Clinical
      Physiology of the National Research Council of Pisa. The availability of
      standardized materials is estremely important: for antigens, some materials are
      already in existence, but it is desirable that the various manufacturers shall
      follow more uniform criteria in their standardization. As far as the application
      of the RIA methods in the diagnostic field is concerned, the need exists for the
      use of standardized basic schemes that would include and unambiguously express
      all the useful information available in order to define better the clinical
      significance of the analytical data obtained.

PMID- 183582
TI  - [Steroids with glycoactive effect].

PMID- 183580
TI  - [Sex hormones in the male].
AB  - The measurement of androgen hormones in reduced times using small samples of
      blood is nowadays possible by using  the radioimmunological techniques. The level
      of testosterone in plasma is directly correlated with glandular secretion, though
      several different factors may provoke variations of such level. The measurement
      of testosterone in plasma is used for evaluation of testicular function. The main
      applications of testosterone determination in clinical practice are reported;
      special stress is laid on diagnosis on male hypogonadisms and on the study of
      testicular function in male sexual impotence.

PMID- 183583
TI  - [Radioisotopic detection of cerebral tumors in mental patients and epileptics].

PMID- 183584
TI  - Effect of benomyl and thiophanate-methyl on metabolic activities of Rhizoctonia
      solani Kuhn.
AB  - Effect of benomyl and thiophanate-methyl on various metabolic activities of
      Rhizoctonia solani was investigated. Both fungitoxicants strongly reduced
      endogenous whole cell and mitochondrial respiration by inhibiting one or the
      other key enzymes of electron transport chain; the activity of cytochrome oxidase
      being most markedly inhibited. Incorporation of 3II-thymidine was reduced by both
      while there was little or no inhibition in the rate of incorporation of 14C
      uracil and 14C-leucine. Cell permeability was not affected to any appreciable
      extent and there was a little release of cellular components from the treated
      cells only at prolonged incubation. It is concluded that benomyl and thiophanate
      methyl have a similar mode of action which primarily involves inhibition of
      respiratory activities, and as a consequence the biosynthesis of DNA is reduced.

PMID- 183585
TI  - Cholinergic receptor desensitization.

PMID- 183586
TI  - Characteristics and mechanism of neuromuscular block in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The neuromuscular block of myasthenia gravis has the characteristics of an
      antidepolarizing (competitive block), similar to that produced by d-tubocurarine
      in normal subjects: progressive decrease in muscle action potentials evoked by
      two or more nerve stimuli, posttetanic facilitation, posttetanic fatigue,
      inhibition of the depolarizing action of acetylcholine (ACh) or
      anticholinesterase compounds, and reversal of the block by ACh or
      anticholinesterase compounds. In myasthenic patients spontaneously recurring
      negative discharges were more difficult to locate in the end-plate zone than in
      normal subjects, suggesting that the number or density of functioning end plates
      may be reduced. The threshold dose of intra-arterial ACh that increased
      electrical activity was higher than in normal subjects; the duration of the
      increased electrical activity was briefer, and was followed by more depression of
      negative discharges than in normal subjects and by a greater increase in the
      threshold dose of ACh. These results indicate that the end-plate zone of
      myasthenic patients is less responsive than that of normal subjects to the
      excitatory action of ACh, and may be more readily desensitized by ACh. In both
      myasthenic patients and normal subjects the intra-arterial injection of ACh
      produced a prompt transient decrease in evoked potentials, attributable to
      depolarization of the end plates, followed by recovery (and in myasthenic
      patients by repair), and then by a more prolonged late decrease in evoked
      potentials, attributable to desensitization of the end plates to transmitter.
      This prompt depressant effect of ACh on evoked potentials was less in myasthenic
      patients than in normal subjects, and the late depressant effect of ACh was
      greater. In myasthenic patients the late block produced by ACh had the
      characteristics of an antidepolarizing (competitive) type of block, including
      inhibition of the depolarizing action of ACh and reversibility by ACh or
      neostigmine, while in normal subjects the characteristics were those of a
      depolarizing (noncompetitive) type of block, including little or no inhibition of
      the depolarizing action of ACh and lack of reversal by ACh or neostigmine. The
      differences between the late depressant action of ACh in myasthenic patients and
      normal subjects resembled differences in the effect of other depolarizing
      compounds, such as choline, succinylcholine, and decamethonium, and are best
      explained by differences in behavior of the postsynaptic receptor. The disease
      appears to be due to the presence of abnormal forms of receptor or to abnormal
      responses of receptor to the transmitter. The predominance of one or other form
      of receptor may determine the clinical state of the myasthenic patient and his
      response to anticholinesterase medication.

PMID- 183587
TI  - An immunologically induced defect of neuromuscular transmission in rats and
      rabbits.

PMID- 183588
TI  - Thymic hormones as regulators of immune responses.

PMID- 183589
TI  - Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: pathologic, clinical, and electrophysiologic
      correlations.

PMID- 183590
TI  - Corticotropin and corticosteroids in generalized myasthenia gravis: comparative
      studies and role in management.
AB  - The effect of 310 courses of corticotropin, methylprednisolone, prednisone, and
      dexamethasone were studied in 62 patients with generalized myasthenia gravis who
      were poorly responsive to anticholinesterase medication and most of whom required
      assisted respiration.  Improvement in strength and response to anticholinesterase
      medication occurred in 91%  of the courses, and was moderate or marked in 63%.
      The incidence, degree, and duration of improvement appeared to be dose related.
      High doses of dexamethasone (20 mg orally each day for 10 days, repeated if
      necessary), which had 75% more glucocorticoid effect than any other regimen
      studied, produced the highest incidence of both improvement (100%) and moderate
      to-marked improvement (75%), and the greatest duration of improvement (more than
      3 months after 40% of the courses). The duration of improvement following
      intensive courses of any of the corticosteroids was approximately doubled by the
      subsequent administration of smaller doses of dexamethasone or prednisone on
      alternate days. Most patients with severe disease relapsed after 3 to 6 months of
      corticosteroid treatment, but increase in the dose of corticosteroid, and daily
      administration, which was more effective than alternate-day administratin, almost
      always again resulted in improvement. Corticotropin and corticosteroids were
      equally effective before and after thymectomy. High  doses of corticotropin and
      corticosteroid produced an initial exacerbation of the disease in 80% of the
      courses, which was moderate or marked in 57%. Reduction in dose reduced the
      incidence of severe exacerbation, but did not prevent it, and also resulted in
      slower and less marked improvement. Withholding anticholinesterase medication did
      not prevent exacerbation or increase improvement, and afforded no advantage,
      though it was usually helpful to reduce the dose of this medication. Because of
      the hazard of initial exacerbation and the occurrence of other serious side
      effects in 15% of the patients. (bleeding ulcer, vertebral compression, aseptic
      necrosis of the femoral head or tibia, and subcapsular cataracts), it is
      recommended that corticosteroid treatment be limited to myasthenic patients who
      are not responding satifactorily to anticholinesterase medication, that smaller 
      doses be employed in patients whose disease is not life threatening, and that
      higher doses be reserved for patients who are critically ill and are being
      managed, at least initially, in an intensive care unit.

PMID- 183591
TI  - Alternate-day prednisone: preliminary report of a double-blind controlled study.
AB  - Thirteen patients with moderately severe myasthenia gravis participated in a
      double-blind study using either 100 mg of prednisone or an equivalen numbder of
      placebo tablets on alternate days. Anticholinesterase therapy was continued on a
      demand basis. At the end of 6 months the code was broken.  Seven patients were on
      placebo and three of these had improved to such a degree that steroid therapy was
      not indicated. Four of these patients ultimately were started on prednisone and
      improved. Of the six patients on prednisone, three showed no improvement and
      three were improved. At the end of 2 years, the seven patients still taking
      prednisone were on maintenance dosage of this drug. Three of this group had
      experienced relapses when the dosage was cut to 15 to 25 mg on alternate days,
      and they again improved when the prednisone dosage was increased. No statistical
      evaluation is possible because of the small number of patients. It can be stated
      that seven patients improved with steroid therapy. Conversely, not all patients
      treated with alternate-day prednisone improved. Finally, any evaluation of
      treatment of myasthenia gravis must take into consideration the potential for
      spontaneous improvement, as demonstrated by three of the patients treated with
      placebo.

PMID- 183592
TI  - Effects of some immunosuppressive procedures on myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Clinical  Observations. A total of 53 MG patients have been treated with
      different immunosuppressive methods (alone or combined) with the following
      effects: Thymectomy was performed in 38 patients. The improvement was excellent
      in 15, and moderate or uncertain in 20. In three patients severe long-lasting
      deterioration followed the operation. ACTH treatment (n=32): Initial
      deterioration during the 5-7 days of heavy ACTH treatment (1000 IU) was followed
      by an improvement lasting on an average 4 months. The improvement was good or
      moderate in 78% of the patients. Betamethazone treatment has been tried in six
      patients where ACTH and azathioprine was ineffective. In four of these patients
      the results were excellent. Azathioprine treatment has been given to 26 patients
      for periods up to 7 years. An improvement is measurable after 6-12 weeks and it
      seems maximal after about 1 year. Of the 26, 80% responded favorable with
      reduction in the need for cholinesterase inhibitors. Severe complications were
      seen in three patients with one death. Drainage of thoracic duct lymph was
      initiated in 14 patients up to 4 weeks with rapid improvement lasting as long as
      drainage was performed. Long-termed effects of the drainage may be present,
      however. Retransfusion of homologous cell-free lymph precipitated a return of the
      myasthenic symptoms. Biochemical Studies on Myasthenic Lymph. Using a membrane
      preparation from the electric organ from Torpedo marmorata and tritiated Naja
      naja siamensis neurotoxin we demonstrated a decreasing binding of toxin to the
      receptor in the presence of MG lymph gamma-globulin fraction. Gammaglobulins from
      controls showed almost no inhibition of the neurotoxin binding. Immunological
      Studies. An increased frequency of HL-A1 and 8 was found in female patients. LD
      typing was also performed. During a period of three weeks of thoracic duct
      drainage 130X10(9)  or about 10% of total number of lymphocytes in the body were
      removed. In the lymph an initial decrease in the proportion of thymus-derived
      lymphocytes (T cells) occurred, which was accompanied by a sequent increase in
      the proportion of bone-marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells). Towards the end of
      drainage this effect was reverted. Mitogenic stimulation using lymphocytes from
      thoracic duct drainage revealed no differences as compared to normal cells. The
      proportions of T and B cells was studied in the peripheral blood in nine patients
      treated with ACTH. During treatment there was an initial decrease in the
      proportion of T cells accompanied by a subsequent rise in the proportion of B
      cells, which was maximal after 3-10 days. These proportions were reverted to
      normal 1-5 days after the maximal change. The effect of azathioprine on T and B
      cells has also been studied.

PMID- 183593
TI  - Macrophage neutral proteinases and chronic inflammation.

PMID- 183594
TI  - The specificity and nature of serum-angiotensin-converting enzyme (serum ACE)
      elevations in sarcoidosis.
AB  - Elevation of serum-angiotensin-converting enzyme (serum ACE) in patients with
      active sarcoidosis was confirmed in a total of 64 subjects with a mean serum ACE
      of 15.76+/-7.4 units compared with 6.05+/-2.0 units in 194 patients with other
      types of respiratory disease. Resolution of the sarcoidosis disease state or
      therapeutic control with adequate doses of corticosteroids (15 mg prednisone
      daily) brought the elevated serum ACE levels down into the normal range. A
      longitudinal study of serum ACE activity was found to be an effective way of
      judging the therapeutic efficacy of various steroid dosage levels. No other
      disease state involved in the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis was found to
      have elevations of serum ACE activity. However, 6 patients with Gaucher's disease
      did have elevated serum ACE activity that ranged well above the usual level seen
      even in patients with sarcoidosis. The two diseases could be readily
      distinguished in the laboratory by elevated serum acid phosphatase activity in
      most cases of Gaucher's disease. It would appear that detection of elevated serum
      ACE levels can be a useful procedure for confirming a diagnosis of active
      sarcoidosis and for judging the therapeutic response.

PMID- 183595
TI  - Elevation of angiotensin-converting enzyme in granulomatous lymph nodes and serum
      in sarcoidosis: clinical and possible pathogenic significance.
AB  - A statistically highly significant elevation of serum ACE was found in a group of
      58 patients with sarcoidosis (serum ACE was elevated in 34% of patients), as
      compared with normal controls and patients with tuberculosis and various other
      common diseases. The results suggest that serum ACE is a useful aid for the
      diagnosis of sarcoidosis when elevated, but that a normal value does not rule out
      the condition and may occur in more than one-half of monitored patients. There is
      a trend to diminution of serum ACE with increasing duration of disease with or
      without steroid therapy, perhaps correlating with the total body mass of active
      granulomas, as indirectly suggested in preliminary data by correlation of serum
      ACE with  serum globulin in 16 sarcoidosis patients. It is not yet clear whether
      there is any significant steroid effect on serum ACE, but a significant number of
      patients on steroid therapy for more than 2-4 yr have elevated serum ACE values,
      which in some instances are extremely high. There was a 12-fold elevation in ACE
      to specific activities generally exceeding those of normal lung in granulomatous
      lymph nodes of 14 patients with sarcoidosis, suggesting that sarcoid granulomas
      may be actively synthesizing ACE and resulting in elevation of serum ACE.
      Extensively fibrotic sarcoid lymph nodes had normal or slightly elevated ACE,
      suggesting that obliteration of granulomas in sarcoid lymph nodes diminishes
      their ACE content and that this obliteration may be related to the tendency to
      diminution of serum ACE with time. ACE was not elevated in one tuberculous lymph
      node or in experimental granulomas, suggesting that elevation of ACE may have
      some specificity for the granuloma of sarcoidosis rather than being a
      characteristic of all granulomas. The catalytic and physical properties of ACE in
      serum and lymph nodes in sarcoidosis were generally similar to normal ACE with
      respect to pH activity, modulators, polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and
      Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. However, sarcoid lymph node ACE appeared to be
      more heat labile than normal lung or lymph node ACE, suggesting the possibility
      that an abnormal ACE may be present in sarcoidosis. If an abnormal enzyme is
      indeed present, it might be coded for by a host gene that is not normally
      expressed or a nonhost gene or it might be a normal ACE that has been altered. No
      ACE activity was found in circulating white blood cells in sarcoidosis or in
      control subjects, suggesting that circulating white blood cells may not contain
      the epithelioid cell precursor or that ACE synthesis (or less likely, uptake) may
      be turned on at a later stage in the transformation. Lysozyme activity was also
      elevated in sarcoid lymph nodes. Serum ACE and serum lysozyme were significantly
      positively correlated in 16 sarcoidosis patients, suggesting a relationship
      between the two...

PMID- 183597
TI  - Langerhans' cells and lung interstitium.

PMID- 183596
TI  - Estimation of T- and K-cell activity in the peripheral blood of sarcoidosis
      patients.
AB  - Depressed ADCC activity was found in sarcoidosis patients in clinical Stage II
      when whole blood was used as the effector cell pool. Whole blood in Stage I
      patients as well as purified peripheral lymphocytes of sarcoidosis patients did
      not reveal a diminished cytotoxic activity. Stimulation experiments with PHA, Con
      A, and PPD in two different concentrations resulted in a normal PHA response, a
      significantly decreased Con A response (regardless of the clinical stage of the
      patients), and a significantly decreased PPD responsiveness of peripheral
      lymphocytes in Stage II patients, respectively. Regarding the distribution of
      peripheral B and T lymphocytes, only a significantly depressed T-cell number in
      Stage I sarcoidosis patients was observed. Peripheral cells forming EA and EAC
      rosettes and staining for membrane-bound immunoglobulins were within normal
      ranges. Serum antibody titers to different herpes viruses, including Epstein-Barr
      virus, were found not to be elevated. Twenty percent of sarcoidosis patients
      showed anti-immunoglobulins in their sera specific for the Fc and Fab fragment.

PMID- 183598
TI  - Isozymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in man and other mammals.
AB  - Multiple electrophoretically distinct forms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase have been observed in human and other mammalian tissues. The human
      isozymes appear to have essentially the same structural and kinetic properties.
      An apparent correlation between red-cell age and the relative intensities of the
      isozymes supports the idea that the isozymes arise as a result of post
      translational modification of the polypeptide chain. The possibility that a
      second locus is involved in the determination of these isozymes is discussed.

PMID- 183599
TI  - The control of glycogen metabolism in the liver.
AB  - The major factor that controls glycogen metabolism in the liver is the
      concentration of phorphorylase alpha. Indeed, this enzyme catalyzes the limiting
      step of glycogen breakdown and, by controlling the activity of synthetase
      phosphatase, also regulates glycogen synthesis. The formation of phosphorylase
      alpha is stimulated by cAMP, by glycogen, and presumably also by some still ill
      defined ionic changes. The ininactivation of phosphorylase is greatly stimulated
      by glucose and inhibited by AMP and glycogen. Glycogen synthesis is proportional
      to the concentration of synthetase alpha, which in normally fed animals is formed
      only when most of the phosphorylase is in the beta form. The inactivation of
      glycogen synthetase is stimulated by cAMP, an elevated concentration of which
      puts a double lock on glycogen synthetase by activating phosphorylase alpha (and
      thereby preventing synthetase activation) and by inactivating glycogen
      synthetase. The effect of cAMP, 5'-AMP, glucose, and glycogen can presently be
      explained in molecular terms. The main missing link is in the ionic effect whose
      elucidation might lead to the understanding of the mode of action of insulin.

PMID- 183600
TI  - Nitrogenase.

PMID- 183601
TI  - Metabolism and mechanism of action of vitamin D.

PMID- 183602
TI  - Steroid receptors: elements for modulation of eukaryotic transcription.

PMID- 183603
TI  - Angiotensin-converting enzyme and the regulation of vasoactive peptides.

PMID- 183605
TI  - BCG immunoprophylaxis of recurrent herpes progenitalis.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with severe, recurrent herpes progenitalis were treated by
      immunoprophylaxis with repeated BCG inoculations. Results of the study
      demonstrated no significant prophylactic benefit of BCG when contrasted to other
      homologous or heterologous antigens or to control patients receiving placebos.
      Caution is warranted in the use of homologous vaccines from Germany because
      theoretically, tumor growth might be enhanced by immunologic means, although the
      vaccine apparently has no intrinsic oncogenic qualities.

PMID- 183604
TI  - [Histochemistry and electron microscopy of the embryonal development of the
      golden hamster kidney: study of the interstitial cells].
AB  - The structure and the origin of the interstitial cells in the kidney of the
      golden Hamster during its embryonic development was studied. For this purpose
      kidneys from 11, 13, 15 and 17 day-old embryos were used. The histochemical
      observations as well as the electron microscopy demonstrated that the
      interstitial cells have a metanephric origin and are embryonically similar to the
      cellular elements that differentiate the primordial renal vesicles and later
      organise the epithelial portion of the nephrons. These cells seem to take part in
      the formation of the basal membranes during tubular genesis.

PMID- 183606
TI  - Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry disease). A lysosomal disease.
AB  - Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry disease) is an X-linked recessive disease.
      We had an opportunity to examine a heterozygous female patient with angiokeratoma
      and cornea verticillata. The patient's serum alpha-galactosidase activity was
      reported to be about 50% of normal. Skin lesion biopsy specimens were stained
      with electron microscopic acid phsophatase (ACP), with proper controls. Acid
      phosphatase activity was demonstrable within membrane-bound inclusions of
      cutaneous vascular endothelial cells. This suggested that the accumulation of
      abnormal glycolipids in the vascular cells occurs in the lysosomes.

PMID- 183607
TI  - The mechanism of recurrent infection by Herpesvirus hominis.

PMID- 183608
TI  - Nevus sebaceous and syringocystadenoma papilliferum.
AB  - A 52-year-old patient was admitted to the hosptial for evaluation of
      hypertension. He had two skin lesions, one on the forehead and one in the
      postauricular area, which had been present since birth. The forehead lesion was a
      nevus sebaceous and the postauricular lesion was a syringocystadenoma
      papilliferum. Except for a few patients with widespread nevus sebaceous and
      syringocystadenoma papilliferum associated with neurologic abnormalities, most of
      the previously reported patients with these nevi have had solitary lesions of one
      or the other. An association of nevus sebaceous and syringocystadenoma
      papilliferum in the same lesion is not uncommon. Despite bleeding and crusting in
      one of the lesions and despite informing the patient that a malignant neoplasm
      may develop in these nevi, he refused excision of either of the lesions.

PMID- 183609
TI  - Idiopathic hypoglycaemia in sibs with morphological evidence of nesidioblastosis
      of the pancreas.
AB  - Two sibs who sustained severe hypoglycaemia in the neonatal period are reported.
      In spite of treatment with frequent feeds intravenous glucose, glucagon,
      hydrocortisone, and diazoxide, hypoglycaemia persisted, and both infants
      eventually required subtotal pancreatectomy. Tests for leucine toleranct were
      normal though the second case showed some protein sensitivity. Histological and
      immunohistochemical studies indicated nesidioblastosis in both specimens of
      pancreata. The children are presently performing at mildly retarded levels, and
      required diazoxide and anticonvulsant medication for some time postoperatively.
      Because both sexes are represetned, an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern is
      suggested. The theory of a gut hormone stimulating insulin production is briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 183610
TI  - Response in the newborn to raised upper airway resistance.
AB  - The effect of raising the airways resistance of 56 normal newborn babies by
      blocking alternate nostrils was studied by means of oesophageal intubation and
      the trunk plethysmograph. Increased resistance was associated with reduced
      respiratory rate and ventilation. A comparison was made of the response in
      different sleep states. In rapid eye movement (REM) sleep respiratory tidal
      volume decreased on blocking, there was no increase in the work of breathing and
      the fall in minute volume was greater than in non-REM sleep where tidal volume
      and minute work increased on blocking. These responses may be relevant to the
      sudden unexpected death syndrome in infancy, and to the management of normal
      newborns.

PMID- 183611
TI  - Langerhans cells at the sites of vaccinia virus inoculation.
AB  - Langerhans cells in the epidermis at the sites of vaccina virus inoculation were
      studied with the electron microscope. The cells contained unusually increased
      numbers of the Langerhans cell granules. Such abnormal Langerhans cells have not
      been described except for in histiocytosis X. Vaccinia virus particles were found
      in the Langerhans cells, where they were located individually or embedded in the
      granular matrix or in lysosomes.

PMID- 183612
TI  - On the occurrence of sphaeridia in basalioma cells and the basal cells of the
      overlying epidermis.
AB  - 302 nuclear sections of basalioma cells, 145 nuclear sections of the basal cells
      of the epidermis above the tumor, and 177 nuclear sections of the basal cells of
      normal epidermis were investigated and statistically evaluated with the aim of
      determining the presence of sphaeridia occur significantly more frequently in the
      basal cells of the epidermis above the tumor and in normal epidermis than in the
      tumor itself. These findings are discussed in connection with the degree of
      cellular protein synthesis.

PMID- 183613
TI  - [Quantitative histometric investigations on the epidermis and corium of rat paw
      after experimental inflammation (author's transl)].
AB  - The epidermis and corium of rat right hind paw were investigated both
      histologically and histometrically after a subplantar injection of aerosil,
      formalin, carrageenin or Freund's complete adjuvant. The thickness of the
      epidermis and corium was determined on 5 rats respectively at 12 different times
      between 0.5 and 480 h post-treatment. Paw swelling was measured
      plethysmometrically on living rats. The left paw of untreated rats as well as the
      saline-injected and the untreated left paw of carrageenin-treated and adjuvant
      treated animals respectively served as controls. Results 1. After the injection
      of the 4 substances, an acute inflammation developed maximally 4 to 24 h post
      treatment in the corium. The thickness of the corium increased simultaneously
      with paw swelling. 2. Epidermal hyperplasia set in after a lag-phase of 12 h
      following the injection of formalin, carrageenin and adjuvant. 3. After injection
      of aerosil a subcutaneous oedema developed but no epidermal hyperplasia occured.
      4. The formation of granulation tissue and necroses in the corium was seen only
      in the adjuvant-treated group 4 to 20 days post-treatment. At the same time,
      epidermal hyperplasia reached an absolute maximum. 5. The disturbance of
      nutrition and the lack of oxygen in the inflamed corium is possibly responsible
      for the initiation and persistence of the hyperplasia.

PMID- 183614
TI  - Actions and interactions of theophylline and imidazole on cardiac contractility,
      phosphorylase activation and cyclic AMP.
AB  - Injection of 1.0 mg theophylline and 1.6 mg imidazole into guinea-pig hearts
      perfused by the Langendorff technique increased cardiac contractile force by 20.0
      +/- 1.0% and 23.3 +/- 1.2% over control and activated phosphorylase without
      producing significant changes in cyclic AMP levels. When guinea-pig hearts were
      perfused with theophylline (10(-3) M) or imidazole (20 mM), injection of either
      imidazole or theophylline did not further increase cardiac contractility or
      phosphorylase a levels. In all cases there was no change in cycylic AMP levels.
      Data in the literature indicate that calcium plays a role in the cardiac
      biochemical and mechanical effects of theophylline and imidazole. Both drugs may
      thus produce their cardiac effects by a calcium rather than a cyclic AMP mediated
      mechanism.

PMID- 183615
TI  - Bile duct carcinoma mimicking chronic liver disease.
AB  - In a case of cholangiocarcinoma involving the bifurcation of the common duct, the
      association with striking intermittence of jaundice and with signs of chronic
      liver disease presented a diagnostic enigma. Disappearance of jaundice does not
      rule out the diagnosis of bifurcation tumors and may be misleading. Adequate
      demonstration of the biliary tree, best achieved with percutaneous transhepatic
      cholangiography, is essential for early diagnosis of this entity.

PMID- 183616
TI  - Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase and Cholorobium thiosulfatophilum.
AB  - 1. Cell-free extracts of the photosynthetic bacterium Cholorobium
      thiosulfatophilum, strains 8327 and Tassajara, were assayed for ribulose 1,5
      diphosphate (RuDP) carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase--the two enzymes peculiar
      to the reductive pentose phosphate cycle. 2. RuDP carboxylase was consistently
      absent in strain 8327. The Tassajara strain showed a low RuDP-dependent CO2
      fixation activity that was somewhat higher in cells following transatlantic air
      shipment than in freshly grown cells. The stability and behaviour of this
      activity in sucrose density gradients were similar to those described by other
      workers. 3. The radioactive carboxylation products formed in the presence of RuDP
      by enzyme preparations from the Tassajara strain did not include 3
      phosphoglycerate--the known product of the RuDP carboxylase reaction, but instead
      consisted of the unrelated acids glutamate, aspartate and malate. 4.
      Phosphoribulokinase was absent in all preparations of the two Chlorobium strains
      tested. By contrast, phosphoribulokinase as well as RuDP carboxylase were readily
      demonstrated in preparations from pea chloroplasts and the photosynthetic
      bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. 5. It is concluded that C. thiosulfatophilum
      appears to lack RuDP carboxylase, phosphoribulokinase, and hence, the reductive
      pentose phosphate cycle.

PMID- 183618
TI  - [DNA synthesis in spinal ganglia of rabbit after Herpes suis infection. Findings
      obtained by electron microscopy and autoradiography].
AB  - The mulitplication of herpes suis virus in neurons, amphicytes, gliocytes, as
      well as Schwann's and endothelial cells of the spinal ganglion of rabbit was
      traced by electron microscopy and autoradiography, using tritium-labelled
      thymidine. Marking of nuclear zone margin, quite common when it comes to ganglion
      cells, was observed also in the context of mesenchymal cells beyond expectation
      on the basis of light microscopy, but in the case under review it had no direct
      relationship with virus synthesis. Repeated markings were recorded from the
      nucleoli of apparently unchanged ganglion cells which suggested the suitability
      of the technique for early detection of infectious attack on intact cells.
      Exogenous 3H-thymidine was supplied three hours and absorbed with specificity by
      the DNA-forming centres of the nuclei, but the growing virus drew into itself
      additional cellular or inactive thymidine. The method proved to be highly
      significant, as in comparison to the nuclear environment there were ten times as
      many lemnici in the DNA production centres of neurons and Schwann's cells and
      about six times as many in the amphicytes and gliocytes. Now, there is definite
      justification in rejecting as unfounded all doubt expressed repeatedly and more
      recently in the specificity of herpes-dependent intranuclear inclusions.

PMID- 183619
TI  - [Superneutralization test--a new virus serology examination procedure].
AB  - The serum neutralisation test, based on the antigen-antibody reaction and
      cytopathic action of a given virus upon certain in-vitro cultured cell systems,
      was expanded to the dimensions of a super-neutralisation test by including
      specific control sera with known titre and applying then to all samples positive
      to serum neutralisation through repeated addition of virus to tubular cell
      cultures with no CPE in the serum neutralisation test. Another antigen-antibody
      reaction was introduced by repeated addition of virus. In samples with less
      antibody (lower titre) due to lacking or partial neutralisation of added virus
      such reaction gave a CPE of with the intensity was inversely proportional to the
      titre. The CPE (cytopathic effect) will disappear beyond a certain titre limit
      owing to complete neutralisation of added virus. The point of disappearance can
      be controlled to the purpose of the given test by appropriate choice of the virus
      dose. This approach will entail negligible extra expenses but enable, in addition
      to qualitative assessment of reagents, quantitative identification of their
      antibody titres, and this will, no doubt, add to the informative weight of the
      test result. The advent of the super-neutralisation test has added to laboratory
      diagnosis in the field of virus serology a conventiently applicable, uninvolved,
      and highly effective technique.

PMID- 183617
TI  - Action of polymyxin B on bacterial membranes. Binding capacities for polymyxin B
      of inner and outer membranes isolated from Salmonella typhimurium G30.
AB  - Radioactive mono-N-acetyl-14C-polymyxin B or natural polymyxin B are within 60 s
      absorbed by isolated inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membranes from Salmonella
      typhimuriumG30. The sigmoidal binding isotherms indicate saturation of inner and
      outer membranes with approximately 30 and 60 nmoles polymyxin B bound per mg
      membrane, respectively. Based on the known content of these membranes in
      lipopolysaccharide, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and
      phosphatidylethanolamine, a calculation of the  theoretical binding capacities
      yields almost identical values if lipopolysaccharide, phosphatidylglycerol and
      cardiolipin are assumed to function as the actual binding sites for the
      antibiotic in the isolated membranes. The excellent agreement between theoretical
      evaluation and experimental determination of polymyxin B-binding capacities
      leaves little doubt that the named anionic compounds are the chemoreceptors for
      the cationic antibiotic. This is further substantiated by very similar binding
      and killing kinetics of polymyxin B.

PMID- 183620
TI  - [General adaptation syndrome (Selye) in the calf. 5. Effect of increased
      glucocorticosteroid values on the phagocytosis activity of luekocytes, the
      function of RHS and the morphology of lymphatic organs].
AB  - Studies were conducted with the view to elucidating the correlations between
      increased glucocorticosteroid levels in the blood and the defense potential of
      calf organism against infectious diseases. The test animals were exposed to
      several substances (ACTH, cortisol, colibacteria, coliendotoxin), and even one to
      two days of increased 11-OHKS values were followed by marked decline in
      phagocytosis activity of leucocytes. In addition, RHS function was considerably
      reduced, after ten to thirteen days of application had elapsed, since at that
      point the disappearance of intravenously applied bacteria from circulating blood
      of test animals took place at rates which were much lower than those recorded
      from untreated calves. Differentiated length of stress or action (four to
      thirteen days) was followed by conspicuous changes in the lymphatic tissue of
      calf organism, with severe involution of thymus and follicular atrophy of
      intestine-associated lymphatic tissue having been the major findings. The results
      seem to suggest that rise in adrenocortical hormone level under stress may reduce
      potential organic defense to infection.

PMID- 183621
TI  - [Acute colitis due to cytomegalovirus infection in immunodepressed patients.
      Report of two cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 183622
TI  - Rapid eye movement sleep density. An objective indicator in severe medical
      depressive syndromes.
AB  - The electroencephalographic sleep patterns of 12 patients with a final diagnosis
      of primary depression and those of 12 patients admitted to the Clinical Research
      Unit with this diagnosis, but subsequently also found to be suffering from severe
      medical disease, were compared. Patients with depression concurrent with severe
      medical disease have significantly less phasic conjugate rapid eye movement (REM)
      activity during REM sleep than subjects with the diagnosis of a primary
      depression. These findings suggest that quantification of REM density may be used
      clinically to distinguish between medical-depressive syndromes and primary
      affective disorders.

PMID- 183623
TI  - Electroencephalographic sleep diagnosis of primary depression.
AB  - Studies of severely depressed hospitalized patients suggest a shortened rapid eye
      movement (REM) latency as a specific biological marker for primary affective
      disease. To assess the validity of these findings, 40 outpatients referred to our
      Electroencephalographic Sleep Center for evaluation of depressive symptoms were
      studied. Concurrent with the all night EEG sleep studies, all patients received a
      brief clinical interview and a battery of self-rating scales. The entire sample
      was then subdivided into primary and secondary depressives on the basis of follow
      up diagnoses. While there were no significant differences between groups on self
      ratings of depressive symptoms, the group of primary depressives had
      significantly shorter REM latencies and higher measures of phasic REM than the
      secondary depressives. Furthermore, in this patient group, the delineation of
      primary vs secondary depression was greater than 80% on the basis of only two
      nights of EEG sleep. Such objective biological measures, if replicated, could
      provide a method for increasing the accuracy of differential diagnosis among
      depressed populations in clinical research.

PMID- 183624
TI  - Poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma. A light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Few studies of the ultrastructural features of synovial sarcoma have appeared in
      the literature. The case under study represented a poorly differentiated synovial
      sarcoma with a predominant fibrosarcomatous component and a few areas with
      epithelioid and pseudoacinar patterns. Ultrastructurally, the cellular elements
      of the varied histologic patterns were similar. Basement membranes and desmosomes
      were absent, and the cell surfaces facing the acinar lumen exhibited multiple
      microvilli. It appears from a comparison of our studies with the previous reports
      that the fine structure of this tumor varies according to the degree of
      histologic differentiation.

PMID- 183625
TI  - Nasal polyposis with stromal atypia. Review of follow-up study of 14 cases.
AB  - The clinical, microscopical, and gross pathological features of 14 cases of
      intranasal and paranasal sinus polyposis with unusual stromal cell atypia are
      described. In gross appearance, the lesions were polypoid, translucent masses,
      similar to the usual nasal polyp. Although clinically the lesions were indicative
      of allergic and inflammatory nasal polyposis, microscopical examination showed
      numerous large, often pleomorphic histiocytes or facultative fibroblasts that
      were suggestive or sarcomatous, malignant degeneration. Diagnoses by the original
      contributing pathologists included embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, stromal neoplasia,
      and juvenile masopharyngeal angiofibroma. Follow-up data showed no evidence of
      neoplasia, despite the remarkable cytological changes found in the stroma. The
      stromal atypia most likely represents a reactive phenomenon secondary to
      inflammation.

PMID- 183626
TI  - [The neuronal Torres bodies in experimental yellow fever encephalomyelitis. An
      additional example of the heterogeneous nature of Cowdry type A intranuclear
      inclusions].
AB  - In experimental yellow fever virus encephalomyelitis of adult albino mice, the
      occurrence of intranuclear inclusions within nerve cells, in particular, within
      spinal and bulbar motoneurons, is a constant finding. The light microscopic
      features of these so-called neuronal Torres bodies correspond entirely to the
      criteria laid down by Cowdry for the type A intranuclear inclusions. At the
      ultrastructural level, these karyoplasmic formations consist of haphazardly
      distributed patches of an essentially amorphous material of various density.
      Unlike the Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions characteristic of several
      herpesvirus and paramyxovirus infections, neuronal Torr-s bodies do not contain
      any viral structures. The frequency with which neuronal Torres bodies, certain
      nucleolar alterations and severe tigrolytic changes occur together, possibly
      indicates that this sort of type A intranuclear inclusion developes as a
      consequence of a virus induced disturbance of the cell nucleic acid and/or
      protein anabolism.

PMID- 183628
TI  - Purification and characterization of equine infectious anemia virus.
AB  - EIA virus was purified from equine fetal kidney cell cultures by PEG
      precipitation, two sucrose-gradient sedimentations (5-30 per cent) and (25 to 60
      per cent) centrifugation, using the immunodiffusion test to follow the procedure.
      Purified EIA virus had a density (20 degrees C) of 1.162 and a sedimentation
      constant of S20w=656. electron microscopy revealed a particle of about 100 nm in
      diameter with a very flexible but usually spherical shape. The dense core may be
      at various locations inside the membrane bound particle.

PMID- 183627
TI  - Pathogenetic mechansims of recurrent herpes simplex virus infections.

PMID- 183629
TI  - The effect of influenza virus infection on the agglutinability by concanavalin A
      of polyoma-transformed BHK-21 cells.
AB  - Polyoma-transformed (Py-transformed) BHK-21 cells are agglutinated more readily
      by Concanavalin A (Con A) after they are infected with influenza virus; this
      agglutination was only slightly affected by fixation with glutaraldehyde or
      colchicine treatment. It is suggest that the mechanism is not dependent on
      membrane fluidity. The same amounts of 125i-labelled Con A were bound after
      infection with influenza virus and after glutaraldehyde fixation with or without
      colchicine treatment: it seems therefore that new receptors for Con A are not
      expressed between 90 and 600 minutes after these cells are infected with
      influenza virus.

PMID- 183631
TI  - Differences between BK virus and simian virus 40 structural proteins analysed by
      isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 183630
TI  - Envelopment and the envelopes of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in
      ultrathin sections.
AB  - An electron microsopic study of cell cultures and bovine foetal tracheal organ
      cultures infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus showed the
      following. a) The difference in the site at which the outer envelope is acquired
      in the infected cell is responsible for some morphological differences between
      the virions. Where envelopment of the capsids occurs by budding into cytoplasmic
      tubules, dense material adjacent to the tubules is often incorporated between the
      capsid and the outer envelope, giving a pleomorphic appearance to the latter. No
      dense material is seen in the same position if envelopment occurs in the nucleus.
      b) Dense material adjacent to the cytoplasmic tubules is not only incorporated in
      the virions, but may also bud into the cytoplasmic tubules without nucleocapsids,
      thus giving rise to dense bodies. c) Dense material in the virions is closely
      adjacent to the inner side of the outer envelope, but is separated from the
      capsid by a lucent zone. A similar zone can be seen around some nucleocapsids in
      the nucleus. d) The outer envelope of numerous extracellular virions and of those
      located in the cytoplasmic tubules shows the unit membrane structure with
      projections. The outer envelope of intranuclear particles and of those located in
      the perinuclear cisterna had the appearance of a dense membrane.

PMID- 183632
TI  - Quantitative studies on adsorption, elution, and haemagglutination of vesicular
      stomatitis virus.
AB  - Radioactively-labelled VSV, both Indiana and New Jersey serotypes, were rapidly
      and efficiently adsorbed onto goose erythrocytes, but only within a narrow range
      of pH and at low temperatures. Under optimal conditions for adsorption, both
      infectivity and haemagglutinating activity of VSV were reduced. A basic
      difference between the two serotypes was identified: adsorption and
      haemagglutination of the Indiana serotype were stable even at pH 9.0 and at 37
      degrees C, whereas New Jersey serotype was eluted slowly at +0 degrees C and at
      pH 6.4 and rapidly at a higher temperature and pH. The rapid elution offers a
      useful method for purification of New Jersey serotype. Particle counting of VSV
      showed that 10 to 50 virus particles were required for one PFU. Haemagglutination
      was not a sensitive method for assaying small amounts of VSV; 3--20X10(7) virus
      particles or more than 10(7) PFU corresponded to one HAU.

PMID- 183633
TI  - [Herpesvirus-induced autoantibodies in animals (author's transl)].
AB  - After immunization with autologous testicle cells which were infected with herpes
      virus hominis type 1 or 2, histologically homogeneous, eosinophilie PAS-positive
      substances could be detected in five out of six rabbits, mainly within the
      interstitium. These substances have been found by immunofluorescence microscopic
      techniques to be antibodies against testicle tissue.

PMID- 183635
TI  - Hyperinsulinism due to pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia: report of a case in an
      adult.

PMID- 183634
TI  - Ultrastructure of mouse periventricular and choroid plexus tissues in
      experimental vesicular stomatitis virus infection.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the periventricular and choroid plexus tissues was studied
      in the three-week-old mouse, infected with the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
      by the intranasal route. The VSV reached the periventricular ependymal lining
      late in infection. It was carried within the cytoplasm of myelinated axons and
      their sheath cells. Inflammatory cells, although few in numbers, may have also
      contributed to the virus dissemination. Once in the periventricular tissues the
      VSV entered the cells from the intercellular space. It replicated in both the
      ependymal and subependymal cells. It matured either directly in the cytoplasm, or
      by budding from the plasmalemma as well as the cytoplasmic membranes. In numerous
      cells the cytoplasmic membranes formed the so-called undulating tubules which
      contained the VSV particles. The infected ependymal cells became necrotic and
      separated from the ventricular surface. The changes were similar in all three of
      the cerebral ventricles. At no time during the infection was the VSV observed
      near or within any of the choroid plexuses. Some ultrastructural changes,
      however, occurred in the choroidal epithelial cells. These may have developed
      either as a consequence of viral damage in the periventricular tissues, or due to
      virus presence in the cerebral ventricles.

PMID- 183636
TI  - Pancreatic islet cell tumors: a brief review.

PMID- 183637
TI  - Late-infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. An ultrastructural study of
      lymphocyte inclusions.
AB  - Ultrastructural study of peripheral blood from two patients with late-infantile
      neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis with curvilinear bodies, demonstrated in brain
      biopsies revealed curvilinear bodies in lymphocytes. These findings indicate that
      ultrastructural investigation of circulating lymphocytes may be useful in the
      diagnosis of late-infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis and may circumvent the
      need for brain biopsy. Curvilinear bodies were also present in the lymphocytes of
      a neurologically normal younger female sibling of patient 1, who has had a single
      seizure, leading to speculation that she may be in the early stages of the same
      disease. This case suggests the possibility of early detection of this disorder
      and indicates the importance of screening lymphocytes of siblings of affected
      patients. Tubular cytoplasm inclusions were present in a high percentage of
      lymphocytes of the asymptomatic parents and a younger sibling of these patients.

PMID- 183638
TI  - Suspected multiple primary tumors of the lacrimal and parotid glands.
AB  - A 63-year-old man had apparent primary tumors of the lacrimal and parotid glands.
      Initially an adenocarcinoma of ectopic lacrimal gland origin was suspected
      following biopsy of a mass in the left orbit. The patient received radiation
      therapy to this area and showed no recurrence of the original lesion or
      development of other tumors for a period of 27 months. At that time, the patient
      returned with a mass in the left preauricular area. This was surgically resected
      and found to be an adenocarcinoma of the left parotid gland. Both tumors were
      histologically similar, mucin-secreting adenocarcinomas. There has been  no
      further evidence of tumor growth in an additional three-year period.

PMID- 183640
TI  - Hereditary deafness and sensory radicular neuropathy.
AB  - We report a case of radicular sensory neuropathy and deafness. The patients
      appears to be one of a family in whom several members were similarly afflicted.
      Thus, this case fits the pattern of hereditary deafness and sensory radicular
      neuropathy, originally described by Hicks in 1922.

PMID- 183639
TI  - Occult tumors of the infratemporal fossa: report of seven cases appearing as
      preauricular facial pain.
AB  - Seven patients had occult malignant neoplasms either originating in or extending
      to the infratemporal fossa. Common symptoms were facial pain centered over the
      temporomandibular joint and facial numbness. These symptoms were sometimes
      associated with middle ear effusion and trismus. Multiple biopsies are often
      necessary to establish the diagnosis. The average delay in diagnosis from first
      symptom was 14 months. Infratemporal fossa neoplasia belongs in the differential
      diagnosis of facial pain.

PMID- 183641
TI  - Enhancement and impairment of memory processes with post-trial injections of
      adrenocorticotrophic hormone.

PMID- 183642
TI  - Conditioned taste aversion and the pituitary-adrenal system.

PMID- 183643
TI  - Skeletal maturation in Australian Aborigines.

PMID- 183644
TI  - Equine herpesviruses. 6. Sequential infection of horses with types 2, 3 and 1.
AB  - The immunological and virological status of 3 foals in respect of equine
      herpesviruses (EHV) was established and the foals were sequentially infected with
      EHV2, EHV3 and EHV1. Following experimental infection with EHV2, no clinical
      signs of disease were observed in any foal. The inoculation of EHV3 into the
      genital tract resulted in lesions of the mucous membrane and perineal skin that
      were considered typical of equine coital exanthema. Following intransal
      inoculation of EHV3 extensive ulceration and pustule formation on the nasal
      mucosa was observed by day 5 accompanied at day 7 by a profuse, mucopurulent
      nasal discharge; on day 8 pustular lesions of the skin about the external nares
      appeared. Signs of disease after inoculation with EHV1 were milder than expected
      in 2 of the 3 foals. The possibility that recent, prior infection with EHV2
      and/or 3 may protect against EHV1 was considered.

PMID- 183645
TI  - Duck viral enteritis: a comparison of replication by CCL-141 and primary cultures
      of duck embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - Cultures of primary cells and a line of fibroblast-like cells from the Pekin duck
      were both compared for their replication of the herpesvirus of duck viral
      enteritis. The two kinds of cells were equally accurate for quantifying virus
      upon isolation. Also, one-step growth curves showed that in both kinds of
      cultures new virus appeared by the 18th hour and that infectivity peaked at about
      36 hours. Primary cultures yielded about 5.6 times as much virus as did the cell
      line, though plaques were more easily discerned in the latter. Because of
      availability, uniformity, and their known health history, CCL-141 cells offer
      some advantages for work with the agent of duck viral enteritis.

PMID- 183646
TI  - Spleen lesions of hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys.
AB  - Spleens from turkeys were examined at intervals after intravenous inoculation
      with hemorrhagic enteritis virus. Spleen size increased until the 4th day after
      inoculation. On the 5th day, spleen size was markedly reduced and continued to
      approach normal size. Hemorrhagic enteritis antigen reached a peak concentration
      on the 2nd day, was reduced in concentration on the 3rd day, and was absent by
      the 4th day. Hemorrhagic enteritis precipitin antibody was present in all serum
      samples taken after the 10th day. Necrosis of lymphoid cells in the white pulp
      was prominent in the 1st day. Proliferation of immature-appearing cells on the
      2nd, 3rd, and 4th days coincided with a lower virus antigen content in the
      spleen. Massive disintegration of the white pulp, associated with the appearance
      of small dense-staining lymphocytes, began on the 4th day. By the 5th day only
      the splenic arteries and the surrounding reticular cells remained. Restoration of
      normal-appearing white pulp was completed by the 8th day. No correlation was
      noted between splenic lesions and intestinal lesions. Many stages in the
      development of typical intranuclear inclusions were observed.

PMID- 183647
TI  - Role of the bursa of Fabricius in the pathogenicity of inclusion body hepatitis
      and infectious bursal disease viruses.
AB  - Chickens were chemically bursectomized with cyclophosphamide at 3 days old, and
      studies made of the effects of infection by inclusion body hepatitis virus (IBHV)
      and infectious bursal disease virus. In another experiment, 3-week-old chickens
      were infected with infectious bursal disease virus before inoculation with IBHV.
      Interference with the bursa of Fabricius by cyclophosphamide or by infectious
      bursal disease virus enhanced the pathogenicity of IBHV. In contrast,
      cyclophosphamide effects on the bursa protected chickens against infectious
      bursal disease.

PMID- 183648
TI  - Serologic differences between strains of infectious bronchitis virus from New
      Zealand, Australia, and the United States.
AB  - The antigenic relationships of strains of infectious bronchitis virus from New
      Zealand, Australia, and the United States were evaluated by a virus
      neutralization procedure similar to that used in typing human rhinoviruses. The
      four previously described New Zealand serotypes were antigenically distinct from
      all the other strains tested.

PMID- 183650
TI  - Marek's disease vaccine breaks: differences in viremia of vaccinated chickens
      between those with and without Marek's disease.
AB  - Viremia with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and/or Marek's disease (MD) herpesvirus
      (MDHV) was examined in chickens from three different commercial flocks
      experiencing "vaccine breaks" following vaccination with HVT vaccine against MD.
      In all groups of sample chickens from the flocks, the incidence of detectable HVT
      viremia was significantly less in the MD-affected than in the healthy penmates,
      and incidence of MD was significantly higher in the birds without detectable HVT
      viremia than in the viremic penmates. The results suggest an association between
      HVT viremia and protection against MD development.

PMID- 183649
TI  - Electron-microscope studies on the pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease
      after intrabursal application of the causal virus.
AB  - Intrabursal application of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is of advantage
      in studying sequential morphological events since the time of infection of the
      bursa is exactly known. A highly pathogenic strain caused first clinical symptoms
      12 hr postinfection (PI) and death 24-30 hr PI. These are respectively 12 and 18
      hr earlier than after per-oral infection. Numerous virus particles 53-58 nm in
      size, arrayed in a crystalline pattern and not surrounded by a membrane, are
      first found 6 hr PI in the cytoplasm of normal-looking lymphoid cells and
      macrophages. Some of the particles are less electron-dense and obviously
      immature; others have no core and therefore are regarded as incomplete. However,
      there is no evidence for the presence of more than one type of virus particle.
      Seven hr PI a membrane to segregate the virus clusters is formed, finally leading
      to autophagic vacuoles containing virus particles and cellular remnants. Within
      these vacuoles virus degradation takes part, though most of the infected cells,
      particularly the lymphoid cells, undergo cellular lysis, release the virions, and
      spread the infection to other cells of the bursa. At 18 hr PI the follicles are
      almost depleted of lymphoid cells. The findings show that early replication of
      IBDV is in the lymphoid cells and macrophages. These cells represent the main
      areas of virus multiplication, but the virions also can replicate in heterophils,
      reticulum cells, and reticular epithelial cells of the bursa.

PMID- 183651
TI  - Effect of infectious bursal agent on the response of chickens to Newcastle
      disease and Marek's disease vaccination.
AB  - White Leghorn chickens raised from one day old in an environment contaminated by
      the infectious bursal agent (IBA) had lower geometric mean titers (GMT) as
      measured by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test to the Newcastle disease
      virus (NDV), than control Leghorns reared in an uncontaminated environment.
      Immunosuppression, defined as a reduction in GMT, was most pronounced at 35-56
      days old for Leghorns vaccinated with NDV at 1 and 28 days or at 28 days. In a
      separate trial with broilers, immunosuppression was similar at 42-56 days old.
      This study also demonstrated that IBA infection in chickens increased
      susceptibility to Marek's disease (MD). The unvaccinated control chickens
      infected with IBA averaged 56.3% MD lesions, whereas unvaccinated controls not
      exposed to IBA averaged only 18.1% macroscopic lesions. It was also found that
      20.7% of the HVT-vaccinated chickens exposed to IBA had gross MD lesions, whereas
      those HVT-vaccinated chickens reared in an environment free of IBA had 2.99%
      gross MD lesions.

PMID- 183652
TI  - Isolation of infectious bronchitis virus from broiler chickens in Chile.
AB  - An infectious-bronchitis-like virus was isolated from 6-week-old broiler chickens
      unvaccinated with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The isolate produced lesions
      in embryonating chicken eggs (ECE) and clinical signs in birds characteristic of
      IBV. Serum-neutralization and agar-gel diffusion tests demonstrated the
      serological relationship of this isolate to IBV.